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1 


LIPPINCOTT'S  GAZE 


A    COMPLETE 


PRONOUNCIiNG    GAZETTEER 


OB 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 


OF    THE 


WORLD 


CONTAINING    NOTICES    OF    OVER    ONE    HUNDRED   AND    TWENTY-FIVE    THOU- 
SAND PLACES,  WITH  RECENT  AND  AUTHENTIC  INFORMATION  RESPECT- 
ING   THE    COUNTRIES,    ISLANDS,     RIVERS,    MOUNTAINS,     CITIES, 
TOWNS,   ETC.,  IN   EVERY  PORTION   OF  THE  GLOBE. 

ORIGINALLY  EDITED  BY  JOSEPH  THOMAS,  M.D.,  LL.D., 

AUTHOR   OF    "LIPPINCOTT'S    PRONOUNCINQ    BIOGRAPHICAL    BICTIONARY,"    *' THOMAS'S    PRONOUNCING 

MEDICAL    DICTIONARY,"    ETC.,    ETC. 


NEW   REVISED    EDITION 

AMPLIFIED    BY    A   SERIES    OF    STATISTICAL    TABLES 

SHOWING 

I.    IHE   AREA    AND    POPULATION    AND    POPULATION    PER   SQUARE    MILE   OF   THE   NATURAL 
AND    POLITICAL    DIVISIONS    OF    THE    WORLD. 

II.    THE    GROWTH    OR    DECLINE    OF    THE    PRINCIPAL    CITIES    OF    THE    WORLD    AS    REPRE- 
SENTED   BY    THEIR    POPULATION     AT    DIFFERENT    DATES. 

III.    IHE   AREA  AND    POPULATION  AND   POPULATION    PER   SQUARE   MILE   OF  THE  STATES  AS 
GIVEN    IN    THE    CENSUS    RETURNS    FROM    1790   TO    1890. 

IV.    THE    POPULATION    OF    THE    COUNTIES    OF    THE    SEVERAL    STATES    IN    1880   AND   1890   AND 
THEIR    AREA    AND    POPULATION    PER    SQUARE    MILE    IN    1890. 

V.    IHE    GROWTH   OR   DECLINE    OF    THE    CITIES,    TOWNS,    BOROUGHS,    ETC.,    OF   THE    STATES 
AS    EXHIBITED    BY    THE    CENSUS    RETURNS,    1870-1880    AND    1880-1880. 


PHIL A  DELPH I  A  : 

J.    B.    LIPPINCOTT    COMPANY. 

1898. 


CONTENTS. 


PAOK8 

Advertisement  to  the  Edition  op  1895 3,  4 

Preface  to  the  Edition  op  1880    .        . 5  lo  7 

INTRODUCTION  TO   THE   FiRST   EDITION,    BY   JoSEPH    ThOMAS,  M.D.,  LL.D.  .  9    tO   20 

A  Table  op  the  Area  and  Aggregate  Population,  and  Population  per 
Square  Mile  op  the  Principal  Natural  and  Political  Divisions 
op  the  World 21  to  23 

A  Comparative  Table  op  the  Principal  Cities  op  the  World  at  Dip- 
perent  Dates,  illustrating  their  Growth  or  Decline  during  the 
Intervening  Period 24  to  29 

A  Table  op  the  Area  and  Population  op  the  States  and  Territories 
OP  THE  United  States,  with  the  Population  per  Square  Mile  at 
Dipperent  Periods,  according  to  the  Several  Census  Eeturns  prom 
1790  TO  1890 30 

A  Table  op  the  Counties  op  the  United  States,  showing  their  Loca- 
tion, their  Area  as  officially  estimated,  with  their   Population 

in    1880    AND    1890,  AND    THEIR    POPULATION    PER    SQUARE    MiLE    IN    1890  .  31    tO    45 

A  Comparative  Table  showing  the  Increase  or  Decline  in  Population 
op  the  Cities,  Towns,  Villages,  and  other  Minor  Civil  Divisions 
op  the  United  States,  according  to  the  Census  Eeturns  op  1880 
and  1890 46  to  240 

A  Comparative  Table  showing  the  Increase  or  Decline  in  Population 
OP  THE  Cities,  Towns,  Townships,  Villages,  &c.,  according  to  the 
Census  Eeturns  of  1870  and  1880 241  to  419 

Explanations — Suggestions  relating  to  the  System  op  Pronunciation  ; 
-     Signs  relating  to  Orthoepy,  &c.,  &o 420  to  422 

Pronouncing  Gazetteer  op  the  World 423  to  2894 


Copyright,  1880,  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co. 
Copyright,  1882,  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co. 


Copyright,  1883,  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 
Copyright,  1895,  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  Com  pant. 


Printed  by  j.  B.  Lippincott  Company,  Philadelphia. 


0    b  M-  0  O 


ADVERTISEMENT  TO  THE  EDITION  OF  1895. 


The  publishers  of  Lippincott's  Pronouncing  Gazetteer  of  the 
World  in  offering  to  the  public  this  reissue  of  the  work  beg  leave  to 
ask  renewed  attention  to  the  Preface  to  the  Edition  of  1880  (see  page 
5),  and  to  the  Advertisement  to  the  Edition  of  1893  (see  below),  in 
which  are  recounted  some  of  the  peculiar  features  of  the  work  and  the 
improvements  which  have  been  embodied  in  its  successive  issues.  It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  in  the  present  edition  all  the  characteristic 
excellencies  of  former  issues  have  been  retained,  but  in  addition  to  these 
features  many  improvements  such  as  are  necessary  to  the  perfection  of  a 
work  of  reference  on  a  progressive  science,  like  the  science  of  geography, 
will  be  found  embraced  therein.  The  following  is  the  Advertisement  to 
the  Edition  of  1893 : 

"  In  the  preparation  of  this  edition  of  Lippincott's  Pronouncing  Gazet- 
teer OF  THE  World,  not  only  have  notices  of  a  large  number  of  new  places 
been  now  for  the  first  time  included  in  its  pages, — places  that  were  unknown 
when  former  editions  were  issued, — but  the  contents  of  the  entire  volume 
have  been  subjected  to  such  a  thorough  revision  as,  it  is  believed,  will  easily 
maintain  for  it  the  position,  which  it  has  so  long  occupied,  of  being  without 
a  rival  among  works  of  its  class  in  the  English  language.  Especially  has 
it  been  the  care  of  the  editors,  in  the  prosecution  of  their  labors,  to  embody 
in  the  work  such  recent  information  as  has  lately  been  rendered  available 
by  the  publication  of  the  new  census  returns  of  our  own  and  foreign  coun- 
tries and  of  other  kindred  works,  and  to  so  arrange  this  information  that 
it  will  be  practically  useful  for  casual  reference  and  convenient  for  those 
who  may  desire  to  make  a  more  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  minutiae 
of  geographical  facts.  To  this  end,  in  addition  to  the  great  number  of 
instances  in  which  these  details  have  been  incorporated  in  their  respective 
articles  in  the  body  of  the  work,  there  will  be  found,  following  the  Intro- 
duction TO  THE  First  Edition  (herein  reproduced,  pp.  9-20),  by  the  late 
Dr.  Joseph  Thomas,  in  which  the  principles  of  the  pronunciation  of  geo- 
graphical names  are  learnedly  set  forth,  a  series  of  Statistical  Tables  bearing 


ADVERTISEMENT   TO   THE   EDITION  OF   1895. 


on  the  areas  and  population  of  different  countries,  which  it  is  thought  will 
render  material  aid  to  the  reader  in  forming  a  correct  idea  of  the  com- 
parative importance  of  the  countries  and  their  divisions. 

"Arranged  seriatim,  these  tables  exhibit, ^rs^  (page  21,  et  seq.),  the  area 
and  population  and  population  per  square  mile  of  the  several  continents,  and 
their  grand  divisions  and  sub-divisions,  with  mention  of  the  governments  to 
which  the  dependent  divisions  belong;  second  (page  24),  the  population  of 
the  principal  cities  of  the  world  at  different  recent  dates,  thus  illustrating 
their  growth  or  decline  during  the  period  intervening  between  the  dates 
therein  mentioned;  third  (page  30),  the  gradual  growth  of  the  several  states 
of  the  American  Union,  as  shown  by  their  respective  populations  and  popu- 
lations per  square  mile  at  each  of  the  census  enumerations  from  1790  to 
1890;  fourth  (page  31),  the  counties  of  the  United  States,  with  their  location 
in  their  respective  states,  their  areas,  and  their  gradual  growth  in  population 
as  given  in  the  census  returns  of  1880  and  1890,  and  their  population  per 
square  mile  at  the  latter  date ;  and  fifth  and  sixth  (see  respectively  pp.  31  and 
241),  a  comparison  of  the  population  at  different  dates  of  the  cities,  towns, 
villages,  and  other  minor  divisions  of  the  United  States,  based  upon  the 
census  returns  of  1880  and  1890,  thus  furnishing  ready  facilities  for  noting 
the  growing  importance  or  decline  of  all  places  named  in  these  reports. 

"  Embraced  in  the  more  important  improvements  in  the  body  of  the  work, 
to  which  allusion  has  been  made  above,  may  be  named  the  revision  of  the 
articles  on  the  several  states  and  territories  (including  articles  now  first 
inserted  on  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Oklahoma)  by  well-known 
experts  in  physical  and  political  geography ;  the  renewed  descriptions  of 
the  principal  cities  in  the  United  States,  chiefly  by  residents  thereof;  notes 
on  recent  explorations  and  discoveries  by  European  governments  in  foreign 
lands  (Asia,  Africa,  &c.),  with  statistical  information  relating  to  the  colonies 
heretofore  established  there;  and  a  vast  number  of  minor  changes  in  the 
notices  of  the  cities,  towns,  and  villages  of  our  own  and  foreign  countries. 

"  Prominent  among  the  works  to  which  our  editors  desire  to  acknowledge 
their  obligations  for  valuable  information  is  the  latest  edition  of  The 
Imperial  Gazetteer,  published  by  Messrs.  Blackie  &  Son,  of  London, 
Glasgow,  and  Edinburgh,  so  well  known  for  the  excellence  of  their  standard 
publications." 

It  is  confidently  believed  that  the  recent  revisions  of  the  work  and  the 

many  improvements  now  first  embraced  in  the  volume  will  render  this  issue 

of  1895  a  worthy  successor  to  preceding  editions. 

The  Publishers. 
Philadelphia,  1895. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  EDITION  OF  1880. 


Since  the  publication  of  the  first  edition  ot  Lippincott's  Pronouncing  Gazbt- 
fEER  OP  THE  World,  some  twenty-five  years  ago,  vast  strides  have  been  made  m 
geographical  knowledge,  both  by  means  of  extensive  explorations  in  the  Old  World 
and  by  the  settlement  and  development  of  the  New.  During  this  period,  va- 
rious improvements  have  been  made  in  the  successive  editions  of  the  Gazet- 
teer, with  the  addition  of  such  supplementary  matter  as  for  the  time  being 
the  completeness  at  which  it  aimed  seemed  to  demand;  yet  so  great  have  been 
the  recent  changes  in  many  parts  of  the  world  that  it  has  been  found  necessary, 
in  the  preparation  of  the  present  issue,  to  reconstruct  the  work  entirely,  in  order 
to  eliminate  from  its  pages  the  names  of  many  places  which,  after  a  temporary 
existence,  have  been  abandoned,  to  include  the  vast  number  of  places  which  have 
either  entirel}'^  sprung  up  since  the  issue  of  former  editions  or  have  of  late,  by 
their  growing  importance,  become  entitled  to  a  notice  in  the  work,  and  to  renew 
the  descriptions  of  those  older  cities  and  towns  whose  enterprise  and  progress 
have  outrun  the  accounts  hitherto  given  of  them.  In  the  performance  of  this 
task  the  best  and  most  recent  foreign  works  of  like  character,  both  in  the  Eng- 
lish and  in  other  tongues,  have  been  freely  laid  under  contribution;  reputable 
works  of  travel  have  been  diligently  consulted;  official  documents  have  been 
largely  relied  upon;  and  recourse  has  been  had  to  what  is  believed  to  be  the 
most  extensive  system  of  private  correspondence  ever  carried  on  in  the  execu- 
tion of  a  work  of  this  character,  tens  of  thousands  of  communications  relating 
to  the  matter  having  passed  between  the  editors  and  their  correspondents,  both 
at  home  and  abroad. 

It  is,  perhaps,  not  too  much  to  hope  that  with  these  facilities  at  command, 
coupled  with  some  five  years  of  diligent  labor  on  the  part  of  the  editors  m  the 
preparation  of  the  volume,  a  work  has  been  produced  that  shall  not  be  found 
unworthy  of  the  patronage  so  liberally  bestowed  upon  the  earlier  editions. 

Attention  is  invited  to  some  of  the  leading  characteristics  of  the  work,  which, 
it  is  believed,  will  demonstrate  its  superiority  over  any  other  work  of  its  class 
now  before  the  public: 

1.  Orthography. — In  regard  to  the  correct  spelling  of  the  names  of  places  in  our 
own  country  and  in  those  other  portions  of  the  globe  in  whose  languages  Roman 
letters  or  characters  readily  converted  into  corresponding  Roman  letters  are  used, 
the  aim  has  been  to  follow  the  best  recognized  authority,  or,  in  cases  where 
authorities  difier,  to  give  all  the  various  spellings  with  which  the  reader  would 
be  likely  to  meet,  with  references  from  the  less  desirable  mode  to  the  one  under 

(-5) 


PREFACE. 


which  the  description  appears.  Thus,  we  give  "Appalaga,-  or  Aspalaga,"  a 
village  of  Florida,  the  corresponding  reference  being  "Aspalaga,  Florida.  See 
Appalaga;"  "AUapaha,  or  Alapaha,"  two  modes  of  spelling  the  name  of  that 
river,  with  a  reference  in  its  alphabetical  place  from  the  latter  spelling  to  the 
former;  "Annandale,  or  Anandale,"  a  village  of  IsTew  York;  "Pecatonica,  or 
Pekatonica,"  a  village  and  river  of  Illinois ;  "  Bluefields,  or  Blewfields,"  a  town 
of  Nicaragua ;  "  Cassel,  or  Kassel,"  a  city  of  Prussia ;  "  Chicoana,  or  Chicuana." 
a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  &c. ;   with  thousands  of  similar  cases. 

In  regard  to  the  orthography  of  the  names  of  places  in  countries  whose 
alphabets  bear  no  resemblance  to  the  Roman  alphabet,  such  as  the  Russian, 
Turkish,  Arabic,  Persian,  &c.,  and  whose  geographical  names  are  in  consequence 
spelled  differently  by  foreign  writers  of  various  nationalities  (according  to  the 
characteristics  of  their  several  languages),  the  best  method  is  believed  to  be  for 
English  writers  to  adopt  a  spelling  that  shall  as  nearly  as  possible  represent  the 
native  pronunciation  of  the  names.  In  the  present  work  this  system  has  been 
followed,  giving  as  secondary  spellings  the  forms  adopted  by  writers  foreign  to 
us,  each  of  whom  is  usually  found  to  spell  the  names  as  they  are  pronounced 
in  his  own  language.  In  pursuance  of  this  plan  we  give  as  a  leading  spelling 
of  the  name  of  the  capital  of  Fezzan,  a  country  in  Africa,  "  Moorzook,"  the 
French  writers  spelling  it  "  Mourzouk"  and  the  German  "Murzuk,"  the  orthog- 
raphy of  each  in  the  respective  languages  of  the  writers  representing  the  same 
sound.  The  convenience  of  this  system,  and  the  importance  of  its  general  adop- 
tion, will  be  apparent  when  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  in  recent  reputable 
English  works  several  forms  of  spelling  are  given  to  the  name  in  question,  among 
which  are  Moorzouk,  Mourzook,  Murzouk,  and  Mourzuk,  besides  the  regular 
French  and  German  spellings,  all  of  which  forms  seem  to  have  been  adopted 
with  an  utter  disregard  to  any  system.  It  must  be  manifest  that  a  work  of 
reference  constructed  with  such  a  want  of  system  would  lose  much  of  its  prac 
tical  utility,  as  amid  such  a  diversity  of  spellings  as  are  given  to  Oriental  names 
generally,  the  reader  would  often  be  at  a  loss  to  know  under  which  spelling  to 
look  for  the  desired  description  of  a  place.  No  change,  however,  has  been 
attempted  in  those  spellings  of  Oriental  names  which  universal  usage  appears  to 
have  established ;   such,  for  instance,  as  Delhi,  Khiva,  &c. 

n.  Pronunciation. — The  importance  of  this  feature,  which  is  believed  to  have 
been  first  prominently  brought  to  the  attention  of  readers  in  the  earliest  edition 
of  this  work  with  anything  like  a  successful  attempt  at  a  solution  of  the 
difficulties  attending  the  undertaking,  is  so  generally  acknowledged  that  only 
a  brief  allusion  need  be  made  to  it  here.  Manifestly,  but  one  rule  can  be 
adopted  as  a  guide  to  the  pronunciation  of  the  names  of  places  in  civilized  coun- 
tries, viz.,  to  pronounce  them  as  nearly  as  possible  according  to  the  pronuncia- 
tion ^ven  by  the  educated  people  of  their  localities,  except  in  the  case  of  well- 
known  names  like  Paris,  Venice,  Madrid,  Munich,  &c.,  the  pronunciation  of 
which  among  English-speaking  people  has  become  so  thoroughly  Anglicized  that 


PREFACE. 


for  English  speakers  to  give  the  native  pronunciation  vs^ould  be  sheer  affectation; 
and  in  a  few  instances  local  pronunciations  of  a  marked  character  have  been 
noted,  which,  though  perhaps  hardly  sanctioned  by  good  usage,  have  become  so 
generally  adopted  as  to  require  recognition  in  this  work.  Such,  for  instance,  are 
Corinth  (locally  pronounced  ko-rinth'),  a  village  of  Vermont,  and  Chili  (local 
pronunciation  chilli),  a  township  of  New  York.  The  pronunciation  of  the  names 
of  places  in  uncivilized  countries  must  be  mainly  learned  by  comparing  the 
spellings  of  the  names  by  writers  of  different  nationalities.  Thus,  in  the  case 
of  the  capital  of  Fezzan  above  named,  if  spelled  by  French  writers  Mourzouk 
and  by  German  writers  Murzuk,  the  pronunciation  moor-zook'  may  be  regarded 
as  established. 

in.  Ancient  Names. — In  a  multitude  of  instances  the  ancient  or  classical 
names  of  places  have  been  added  whenever  found  to  be  supported  by  good  au- 
thority; and  even  when,  although  given  in  other  works  of  this  class,  investigation 
has  proved  them  to  be  in  a  measure  conjectural,  the  names  have  frequently  been 
retained,  but  followed  by  a  mark  of  interrogation,  the  references  classing  them  as 
supposed  ancient  names.  Thus,  under  Adriatic  will  be  found  "  (anc.  A'dria  and 
Ma're  Adriaficum) ;"  under  Alicante,  "(anc.  Lucen' turn) ;"  under  Angers,  "(anc 
Juliom'agiLs)'"  under  Antioch,  "  (anc.  Antiochi'a)'"  under  Astrabad,  "  (anc.  Hyrca'- 
nia)'"  under  Athens,  "  (anc.  Athe'noe) ;"  under  Azof,  "(anc.  Pa'lus  Mceo'iis);"  under 
Baltic,  "(anc.  Si'nus  Coda'nus);*'  under  Belgrade,  "(anc.  Singidu'num) ;"  under 
Beloochistan,  "(anc.  Gedro'sia),"  &c.,  with  references  generally  from  the  ancient 
names  in  their  alphabetical  places  to  the  modern  names  under  which  they  occur. 
Much  time  and  labor  have  been  spent  upon  this  feature  of  the  work,  which  it  is 
believed  will  be  found  of  special  value  to  readers  of  ancient  history. 

IV.  Other  features  of  the  work  which  are  believed  to  be  of  sufficient  impor- 
tance to  warrant  mention  in  this  place  are  (1)  the  adjectives  and  appellations  of 
the  inhabitants,  derived  frbm  the  names  of  countries,  cities,  &c.,  and  given  at  the 
close  of  the  articles  on  those  places;  and  (2)  the  signification  of  many  of  the 
geographical  names,  whenever  such  signification  would  convey  to  the  mind  of 
the  reader  some  interesting  geographical  fact.  Thus,  under  Albania  is  given 
"Adj.  and  inhab.  Albanian,  al-b^'ne-an,  or  Arnaoot,  aR'n^-oot^;"  under  Alexan- 
dria, "Adj.  and  inhab.  Alexandrian,  al-ex-an'dre-an,  Arab.  Skanderanee,  skdn-der- 
k'nee;"  under  Bohemia,  "Adj.  and  inhab.  Bohemian,"  &c.;  while  as  the  signi- 
fication of  Australia  is  given  "southern  region;"  of  Bombay,  "good  harbor;" 
of  Bras  d'Or,  "arm  of  gold;"  of  Buenos  Ayres,  "good  air,"  &c. 

It  only  remains  for  the  collaborators  to  express  their  grateful  acknowledgments 
to  the  multitude  of  their  correspondents  who  have  bo  cordially  co-operated  with 
them  in  the  preparation  of  the  work.  . 

Philadelphia,  March  25,  1880. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


BY  JOSEPH  THOMAS,  M.D.,  LL.D. 


ytXic^^y^       ^^*A^-0  O^ 


It  is  proposed,  under  this  head,  to  set  forth  more 
fully  some  of  the  arguments  alluded  to  in  the  Pref- 
ace, by  which  the  propriety  of  our  system  of  pro- 
nunciation is  supported,  as  well  as  to  explain  the 
particular  method  in  which  this  system  has  been 
carried  out  in  the  work  before  us. 

I.  It  has  already  been  intimated  that  not  only 
the  present  practice  of  the  best  speakers,  but  the 
usage  of  our  more  distinguished  poets,  is  clearly  in 
favor  of  the  system  which  we  have  chosen.  If  any 
might  be  allowed  to  pronounce  foreign  names  with- 
out regard  to  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the  letters,  or 
to  the  accents,  which  prevail  in  other  countries,  this 
privilege  might  surely  be  claimed  by  the  poets,  who, 
in  the  use  even  of  English  words,  are  considered  to 
enjoy  a  special  license.  It  is  very  evident,  however, 
— as  every  one  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  examine 
the  works  of  the  better  class  of  them  must  admit, — 
that,  as  a  body,  they  have  neither  claimed  nor  used 
this  privilege.  On  the  contrary,  our  more  distin- 
guished poets  have  usually  exhibited  a  classical — we 
might  almost  say  a  punctilious — accuracy,  in  the 
employment  of  foreign  names,  whether  of  places  or 
persons.  To  illustrate  by  examples: — Granada* 
and  Genoa  f  are  pronounced  by  all  the  great  poets 
who  use  these  names,  from  Chatjckr  and  Shake- 


*  "  In  Lithuania  bad  he  served  and  Busse ; 

Ko  Christian  man  so  oft  of  his  degree. 

At  Algezi'ras,  in  Granada,  he 

Had  join'd  the  siege ; " — Chadoee. 

"  The  Moorish  king  rides  up  and  down 

Through  Granada's  royal  town" 

"  And  Gbanada  must  be  won, 

And  thyself  with  her  undone." — Btron. 
"  Oeanada  caught  it  in  her  Moorish  hall, 

Galicia  bade  her  children  flght  or  fall." — Scott. 
'There   was   crying   in    Granada   when    the   gun   was   going 


"  Farewell,  farewell,  Granada,  then  city  without  peer." 

LOCKHART. 

t "  Seignior  Baptista  may  remember  me, 

Near  twenty  years  ago,  in  Genoa,  where 

We  were  lodgers  at  the  Pegasus.— Shakkspeabe. 

"  Were  Genoa's  galleys  riding  In  the  port " — Btron. 

"  How  quick  they  carved  their  victims  and  how  well. 

Let  Saxony,  let  injured  Genoa  tell."— Moore. 
"That  noble  haven,  where,  when  Genoa  relgn'd, 

A  hundred  galleys  shelter'd "— Rogers. 

"  My  native  Genoa,  if  with  tearless  eye 

Prone  in  the  dust  thy  beauteous  form  I  see."— Momtoomebt.     | 
2 


SPEARE  down  to  the  present  time,  with  the  native 
accentuation ;  that  is,  Granada  has  the  accent  on 
the  penultima,  and  Genoa  on  the  an tepen ultima, 
though  the  generality  of  English — or  at  least  cf 
American — speakers,  who  have  not  heard  these 
names  pronounced,  but  merely  follow  analogy,  or 
their  own  notions  of  propriety,  reverse  the  accentua- 
tion, making  Granada  rhyme  with  Canada,  and 
Genoa  with  boa. 

No  poet,  perhaps,  employs  foreign  names  so  fre- 
quently as  Btron,  and  yet — though  he  often  writes 
very  carelessly — it  would  be  difficult,  in  all  the 
poetry  he  has  written,  to  point  out  half  a  dozen 
instances  where  he  has  not  conformed  to  the  foreign 
accentuation,  excepting  always  those  few  well-known 
names  which  have  acquired  an  established  English 
pronunciation,  and  in  these  cases  he  appears  invari- 
ably to  adopt  the  pronunciation  of  the  best  English 
speakers.  The  same  may  be  said  of  Scott  ;  though 
he  writes  with  great  freedom,  he  rarely,  if  ever,  vio- 
lates the  strictest  rules  of  geographical  pronunciation. 
In  the  poetry  of  Rogers,  Southey,  Moork,  Camp- 
bell, and  Montgomery  we  have  met  with  scarcely 
a  solitary  example  of  departure  from  the  native  ac- 
centuation of  names  which  does  not  properly  come 
within  the  exception  above  stated.  Wordsworth 
takes  the  liberty  of  changing  the  accent  in  a  single 
instance — Chamoxiny — but  acknowledges  the  au- 
thority of  the  law  by  apologizing  in  a  note  for  its 
violation.  (See  Descriptive  Sketches  of  a  Tour 
among  the  Alps.) 

Among  the  principal  languages  of  continental 
Europe,  the  German,  in  its  accent  and  in  the  metre 
of  its  verse,  has  the  nearest  affinity  to  the  English ; 
and  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  precisely  the  same 
general  usage  prevails  with  respect  to  foreign  names 
in  German  poetry  as  in  that  of  our  own  tongue.  It 
may  be  observed,  however,  that  the  Germans  con- 
form more  exactly  to  the  native  accentuation  of  the 
names  of  other  countries  than  the  English.  Any 
one  may  satisfy  himself  of  the  correctness  of  these 
statements,  if  he  will  take  the  trouble  to  consult  the 
poems  of  Schiller,  who  appears  to  have  had  occa- 
sion to  use  foreign  names  far  more  frequently  than 
almost  any  other  German  poet.  In  his  drama  of 
"  Don  Carlos,"  Madrid  occurs  near  twenty  times, 
and  always  with  the  accent  on  the  last  syllable.  This 
one  fact  (even  were  there  no  other)  may  show  how 

9 


INTKODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


Bpa)ingly  the  "  poetical  license,"  so  often  alluded  to, 
is  used  by  the  most  popular,  and  perhaps  the  most 
careless  in  versification,  of  all  the  great  poets  of 
6erm.5ny.* — Mirandola  (a  town  in  Italy)  occurs 
twice,  and  in  both  instances  has  the  accent  on  the 
antepenultima.  This  is  the  more  remarkable,  because 
Mirandola  is  an  exception  to  the  general  rule  of 
Italian  pronunciation,  which  places  the  accent  on 
the  penultima  of  words  ending  in  a  vowel.  If  our 
poet  is  not  equally  correct  in  regard  to  Alcala  (a 
small  town  of  Spain),  it  was  owing,  doubtless,  either 
to  the  difficulty  of  making  such  a  name  "  lie  smooth 
in  rhyme,"  or  to  his  being  ignorant  of  its  true  ac- 
centuation. The  latter  is  by  no  means  improbable, 
inasmuch  as  the  Spanish  language  is  far  less  studied 
by  the  generality  of  European  scholars  than  the 
Italian.  That  it  was  not  the  result  of  carelessness 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  Alcala  is  always  pj'o- 
nounced  in  the  poem  in  the  same  manner  and  accord- 
ing to  the  general  rule  of  Spanish  accentuation;  that 
is,  with  the  accent  on  the  penultima.  It  will  be 
perceived  that  Schiller  places  the  accent  on  the  last 
syllable  of  Paris,  St.  Dbnis,  and  St.  Quentin,! — 
in  all  of  which  he  difiiers  from  the  English  and  con- 
forms to  the  French  accentuation.  (See  "  Kemarks 
on  the  French  Accent,"  page  16.) 

But  perhaps  the  most  remarkable  illustration  of 
this  tendency  to  adopt  the  native  pronunciation  of 
foreign  names  is  found  in  his  drama  of  "  Mary 
Stuart;"  where  the  poet,  with  the  obvious  intention 
of  obliging  his  countrymen  to  pronounce  the  Eng- 
lish names  correctly,  invariably  in  his  verse  spells 
Leicestbh  "  Lester,"  although  in  the  explanatory 
(prose)  parts  of  the  play  he  as  invariably  writes  it 
Leicester,  as  we  do  in  English.  For  the  same 
reason,  doubtless,  he  writes  Boleyn  "  Boulen,"  as 
this  spelling  would  lead  his  countrymen  to  pronounce 
the  name  '■'■  Boo^len,"  nearly  as  it  is  spoken  in  Eng- 
land. Had  he  written  it  Boletn,  the  Germans 
would  be  in  danger  of  placing  the  accent  on  the 
last  syllable,  as  we  frequently  hear  it  pronounced  in 
the  United  States. 

"What  has  been  said  above  respecting  the  usage  of 
the  poets  refers  principally  to  accentuation,  which, 
for  the  most  part,  can  be  readily  determined  by  the 
metre  of  the  poetry.  Their  manner  of  pronouncing 
the  letters  of  a  foreign  name  is  far  less  easily  ascer- 
tained, since  it  can  only  be  known  when  the  name 
ends  a  line  in  rhyme ;  and  even  then  it  is  often  ex- 
tremely uncertain,  as  they  appear  to  consider  them- 
selves entitled,  in  such  cases,  to  much  greater  license 
than  in  the  accentuation  of  words.  Thus  we  often 
see  associated,  in  rhyme,  words  which  correspond 
but  very  imperfectly  in  sound,  as  enemy  and  lie, 
mourn  and  bum,  &c.  Nevertheless,  by  comparing 
a  number  of  examples,  and  especially  by  observing 
the  usaga  of  those  poets  who  are  most  remarkable 
for  the  correctness  of  their  rhymes,  we  shall  fre- 

*  ScbUIer  has  been  accused  of  being  very  careless  in  his  rhymes, 
bat  he  can  acurcely  be  charged  with  carelessness  in  the  metre  of 
hit  Terse. 

t  The  two  former  names  occur  in  the  "  Maid  of  Orleans"  ("  Die 
Jvngfiitkn  Ton  Orleans"),  the  last  in  "  Doo  '^arlos." 

10 


quently  be  enabled  to  ascertain  the  true  pronuncia- 
tion of  a  word  or  name. 

Now  it  will  be  found  that  the  system  which  we 
have  adopted  is  supported  by  the  practice  of  the 
poets  in  this  respect  also.  In  other  words,  it  will  be 
found  that  while  foreign  names  that  are  in  familiar 
use  in  our  own  language  have  an  English  pronuncia- 
tion, those  not  very  well  known  are  generally  pro- 
nounced with  the  foreign  sound  of  the  letters,  as 
will  be  seen  from  the  following  passages : 

**  Not  now  to  while  an  hour  away, 
Gone  to  the  falls  in  Valomhrl." — 
"  'Tis  Jacqueline  !  'tis  Jacqueline" 

Her  little  brother  laughing  cried ; 
"  I  know  her  by  her  kirtle  green. 

She  comes  along  the  mountain  side." 
"De  Courcy,  lord  of  Argentieref 

Thy  thirst  for  Tengeance  sought  the  mare." — BoaXBa. 

.  .  .  "Winding  between  Alpine  trees; 
Spiry  and  dark  around  their  house  of  prayer. 
Below  the  icy  bed  of  bright  Argentiere." — WoRDgwoBTH. 
"This  circumstance  may  serye  to  give  a  notion 
Of  the  high  talents  of  this  new  Vauban,X 
But  the  town  ditch  below  was  deep  as  ocean, 
The  rampart  higher  than  you'd  wish  to  haMg," — Btbo>. 
"  For  many  an  age  remember'd  long 
Shall  live  the  towers  of  Hougomont,  % 

And  fields  of  Waterloo." — Scott. 

It  would  be  easy  to  cite  a  multitude  of  such  exam« 
pies ;  but  these  will  perhaps  be  sufficient  to  illustrate 
our  position. 

On  the  other  hand,  we  shall  find  the  poets  pro- 
nounce foreign  names  of  some  celebrity,  such  as 
Nile,  Paris,  Lyons,  Cadiz,  Poitiers  or  Poic- 
TiERS,  &c.,  with  the  English  sound  of  the  letters,  as 
may  be  seen  from  these  and  similar  examples : 

"  Deep  in  those  solitary  woods 
Where  oft  the  genii  of  the  floods 
Dance  round  the  cradle  of  their  Nile, 
And  hail  the  new-born  Giant's  KmUe." — MooSB. 
"  Oh  never  talk  again  to  me 

Of  northern  climes  and  British  ladiet; 
It  has  not  been  your  lot  to  see, 
Like  me,  the  lovely  girl  of  CMfa." — Btbon. 
"And  Courtenay's  pride  and  Percy's  fame 
Blazed  broader  yet  in  after  years. 

At  Cressy  red  and  fell  Poitiers." — SOOTT. 
..."  So  the  shaft 
Of  victory  monnts  high,  and  blood  Is  quafTd 
In  fields  that  rival  Cressy  and  Poictiers— 
Pride  to  be  wash'd  away  by  bitter  tears." — Wobdswobtb. 

II.  Instead  of  saying  that  the  poets  conform  to 
the  native  accentuation  of  proper  names,  except  in 
cases  where  these  are  well  known,  we  might,  per- 
haps, with  more  propriety,  say  that  they  merely  fol- 
low the  practice  of  the  best  speakers,  of  which  their 
own  may  generally  be  regarded  as  the  written  repre- 
sentation. .  .  .  The  supreme  tribunal  to  which  we 
would  on  all  occasions   appeal  is  ^  the  authority  of 


i  In  these  names  the  letter  n  is  similar  in  sound  to  ng.  The  (  at 
the  end  of  Hongomont  is  silent.  The  rhymes,  however,  are  not 
quite  perfect ;  the  o  in  the  last  syllable  of  Hougomont  should  b« 
sounded  like  o  in  leon't.  The  latter  syllable  of  Vauban  sounds  lika 
bong. — Vauban  was  a  noted  French  military  engineer,  who  floiu> 
ished  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XIY. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


the  best  apeakera*  in  England  and  this  country.  To 
the  former  we  generally  give  the  preference  when 
the  question  relates  to  names  belonging  to  the  old 
continent — ^to  the  latter,  when  it  relates  to  those  of 
America.  But  since  it  is  impossible  to  produce 
oral  evidence  in  a  book,  we  have  availed  ourselves 
of  the  authority  of  the  poets,  as  the  only  one  at  our 
command,  to  prove  or  illustra*,'*  what  we  have,  in 
all  cases,  studiously  endeavored  to  learn,  by  actual 
hearing,  from  those  who  are  considered  best  quali- 
fied to  determine  questions  of  orthoepy. 

Obs.  We  sometimes  hear  it  objected  to  the  au- 
thority of  the  poets  that  well-known  names  are 
occasionally  pronounced,  even  by  those  who  rank 
among  our  best  poets,  quite  differently  from  the  pre- 
vailing practice  of  the  best  speakers.  Goldsmith, 
for  example,  accentuates  the  penultima  of  Niagara,! 
and  Campbkll  the  antepenultima  of  Wyoming, j 
just  reversing  the  correct  pronunciation,  which  places 
the  accent  on  the  third  syllable  from  the  end  in 
Niagara  and  on  the  second  in  Wyoming.  But  this 
discrepancy  is  readily  explained  by  the  fact  that 
neither  of  these  poets  was  ever  in  this  country,  and 
probably  had  no  opportunity  to  learn  the  practice 
of  the  best  speakers  in  the  United  States.  It  may 
be  observed,  however,  that  Goldsmith  gave  what 
was  probably  the  correct  accentuation  of  Niagara 
in  his  day.  (See  §  IX.  Obs.  2 ;  also  Niagara,  in  the 
body  of  the  work.)  Scarcely  a  single  instance  can 
be  pointed  out  wherein  any  good  English  poet  has 
misaccentuated  a  name  with  the  sound  of  which  he 
was  familiar  ;§  we  are  therefore  warranted  in  con- 
cluding that  when  a  name  in  a  region  remote  or 
rarely  visited  is  mispronounced,  it  is  owing  rather  to 
the  want  of  knowledge  than  to  the  carelessness  or 
license  of  the  poet. 

III.  There  is  one  difficulty  in  carrying  out  the 
system  of  geographical  pronunciation  adopted  by  us, 
which  it  may  be  proper  to  notice  here,  viz. ,  that  of 
drawing  the  line  between  foreign  names  which  are, 
and  those  which  are  not,  well  known.  With  respect 
to  the  more  obvious  in  each  division  there  cannot  be 
the  slightest  hesitation ;  but  the  two  classes  meet  and 
pass  into  each  other  by  imperceptible  gradations,  so 
that  sometimes  the  question  whether  they  should  be 
pronounced  according  to  the  foreign  or  the  English 
mode  can  only  be  settled  by  arbitrary  decision.  In 
these  doubtful  instances,  we  have  spared  no  pains  in 
order  to  ascertain  the  prevailing  practice  of  the  best 
speakers,  as  well  as  the  usage  of  the  poets :  when 
these  have  been  found  unsatisfactory,  nothing  has 


*  By  this  phrase  we  do  not  mean  those  who,  firom  their  superior 
knowledge  and  Jadgnnent  on  general  subjects,  may  be  presumed  to 
b^  qualified  to  decide  questions  of  orthoepy.  In  order  to  deserve 
a  place  among  the  beat  speakers,  it  is  not  enough  that  one  should 
have  what  is  commonly  termed  a  good  education  and  good  sense ; 
he  mnst  have  paid  particular  aUenlion  to  the  subject  of  pronunciation — 
unless  he  has  been  surrounded  during  the  whole  period  of  his  edu- 
cation with  none  but  correct  speakers,  which  is  seldom  or  never 
the  case,  at  least  in  this  country. 

t "  Where  wild  Oswego  spreads  her  swamps  around. 
And  NiAOABA  stuns  with  thund'ring  sound." 

The  Traveller. 
X  "  On  Susquehanna's  side  fair  Wyoming." 
"And  scarce  had  Wtomino  of  war  and  crime 
Heard  but  in  transatlantic  story  rung." 

Qertrud*  of  Wyoming,  Part  I. 
2  The  Instance  of  Chamount,  referred  to  on  page  9  in  the  Intro- 
dnction,  is  hardly  an  exception  to  this  statement,  on  account  of 
the  equivocal  nature  of  the  French  accent.    (See  page  16.) 


remained  for  us  but  to  decide  according  to  the  best 
of  our  ability.  We  have,  in  these  cases,  usually 
given  both  pronunciations,  placing  that  first  which, 
in  our  judgment,  is  to  be  preferred. 

IV.  It  should  be  observed  that  although  we  have 
endeavored  to  give  the  native  pronunciation  of  the 
names  of  other  countries  with  minute  accuracy,  we 
have  aimed  to  avoid,  as  much  as  possible,  the  use  of 
sounds  which  cannot  readily  be  uttered  by  the  mere 
English  scholar, — more  especially  in  regard  to  those 
geographical  names  which  are  commonly  taught  in 
schools. 

V.  In  those  cases  where  it  is  impossible  to  express 
the  sounds  of  other  languages  by  means  of  English 
letters,  we  have  endeavored  to  employ  a  mode  of 
indicating  those  sounds,  which,  if  it  does  not  afford 
any  effectual  assistance  to  the  mere  English  scholar, 
may  at  least  be  in  no  danger  of  embarrassing  or 
leading  him  astray.  Thus  we  have  represented  the 
sound  of  the  German  ch  by  K,  distinguished  by  being 
a  small  capital.  Perhaps  a  strongly  aspirated  h — 
which  might  be  indicated  by  hh — would  convey  a 
nearer  idea  of  the  German  sound  ;  but  it  seemed  less 
eligible  than  the  other  mode,  both  because  persons 
might  differ  in  the  pronunciation  of  it,  or  perhaps 
be  at  a  loss  to  pronounce  it  at  all,  and  because  the 
established  mode  of  anglicizing  the  German  ch 
seems  to  be  to  change  its  sound  to  that  of  k,  as  in 
the  instances,  Bluchkr,||  Blumenbach,  Metter- 
NICH,  &c.  The  Scotch  and  Dutch  sounds  of  eh,  so 
similar  to  the  German,  when  anglicized,  assume  in- 
variably, if  we  mistake  not,  the  sound  of  k.  The 
ordinary  mode  of  pronouncing  the  Greek  x  tends  to 
the  same  result.  We  have  not,  however,  represented 
the  sound  of  the  German  g,  at  the  end  of  a  syllable, 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  eh,  though  it  has  the 
same  sound,  because  it  is  not  customary  to  anglicize 
it  by  the  sound  of  k,  except  in  a  few  instances.^ 
Were  the  pronunciation  of  such  a  word  as  berg  rep- 
resented by  berK,  it  would  have  the  effect  to  lead 
the  English  scholar  to  pronounce  it  differently  from 
the  ordinary  mode,  while  he  would  be  in  no  respect 
nearer  the  German  than  those  who  pronounce  the 
word  according  to  the  English  sound  of  the  letters. 
Another  consideration  may,  perhaps,  be  allowed  to 
have  some  weight,  viz.,  that  though  the  more  ap- 
proved mode  of  German  pronunciation  requires  that 
g,  when  it  does  not  begin  a  word,  should  be  pro- 
nounced like  eh,  yet  in  some  parts  of  Germany  it  ia 
pronounced  in  every  case  like  g  hard  in  English.  In 
a  similar  manner,  and  for  similar  reasons,  we  have 
usually  represented  the  German  to  by  a  w,  and  not 


I  Although,  in  America,  we  very  frequently  hear  this  name  pro- 
nounced Eht'leher  by  intelligent  speakera,  the  eh  should  unques- 
tionably be  hard,  as  is  indicated  by  the  following  passage  from 
Moobe's  Fudge  Family  in  Parie : 

"  A  fine  sallow  sublime  sort  of  Werter-faced  man, 
With  mustachios  that  gave  (what  we  read  of  so  oft) 
The  dear  Corsair  expression,  half  savage,  half  soft ; 
As  Hyenas  in  love  may  be  fancied  to  look,  or 
A  something  between  Abelard  and  old  Slueher." 
If  Dantzic,  or  Dantzick  (Ger.  Dantig),  Leipsic,  or  Leifsiok  (G«r. 
Leipwig),  Sleswick  (Ger.  Schleewig;  Dan.  Bletvig),  are  the  only  •» 
amples  that  we  now  recollect. 

11 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


by  a  V,  though  this  is  nearer  the  sound  of  the  Ger- 
man letter. 

With  regard  to  French  names,  however,  a  different 
plan  has  been  pursued,  both  because  it  is  less  easy, 
BO  to  speak,  to  anglicize  the  French  letters,  and  be- 
cause, from  the  circumstance  of  this  being  far  more 
Btudied  than  any  other  foreign  language,  it  is  much 
more  usual  to  adopt  all  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the 
letters  in  pronouncing  French  words  or  names. 

VI.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  the  geograph- 
ical names  contained  in  the  present  work,  we  have 
adhered,  in  the  main,  to  the  method  of  "Walker,  not 
only  from  a  desire  to  avoid  all  unnecessary  innova- 
tion upon  a  system  which  has  been  so  generally  re- 
ceived, but  also  because  we  regard  it,  on  the  whole, 
as  superior  to  any  other  system  which  has  hitherto 
been  given  to  the  public*  As,  however,  a  multi- 
tude of  instances  occur  wherein  the  ordinary  spell- 
ing of  geographical  names  indicates  exactly  or  very 
nearly  the  proper  manner  of  pronouncing  them,  it 
has  been  thought  unnecessary  in  such  cases  to  give 
a  different  spelling  in  order  to  show  the  exact  pro- 
nunciation. Thus,  in  giving  the  pronunciation  of 
such  names  as  Tipton,  THlsit,  &c.,  we  have  not  re- 
written them,  as  Walker  would  have  done,  tiF-sit, 
tlp'-tftn,  or  tlp-t'n,  but  merely  given  Tip'-ton, 
Til'-sit. 

In  several  other  respects  we  have  differed  from 
Walker  in  marking  the  pronunciation ;  thus,  in  such 
names  as  Bbrkshire,  Bern,  &c.,  instead  of  writing, 
after  Walker's  method,  b§rk''-shir,  bSrn,  we  write 
b?rk''-shir,  bern,  &c.,  the  point  under  the  e  and  i 
denoting  that  this  vowel  has  an  obscure  sound  nearly 
like  short  u.  We  have  not  represented  the  sound  by 
the  short  u  (biSrk''-shvir,  burn),  since  our  most  cele- 
brated orthoepists  make  a  decided  distinction  between 
the  sounds  of  e  and  m  in  a  syllable  ending  with  r.f 
To  represent,  on  the  other  hand,  the  sound  of  e  in 
Bern  by  S  (e  in  terror  or  herHng),  or  that  of  i  in 
Berkshire  by  \  (i  in  spirit),  would  obviously  be 
still  wider  from  the  mark.  The  mode  adopted  by  us 
will,  it  is  hoped,  be  found  sufficiently  definite,  at  the 
same  time  that  it  obviates  both  of  the  difficulties  just 
mentioned. 

VII.  With  a  view  to  simplify  as  much  as  possible, 
we  have  rejected  Walker's  second  and  third  sounds 
of  0  (the  former  being  equivalent  to  oo,  the  latter  to 
au)  and  his  third  sound  of  u  (corresponding  with  oo 
in  good,  a  sound  which  we  have  represented  by  66). 


•  It  may  not  be  improper  to  observe  that  with  respect  to  actual 
pronunciation  we  have  differed  from  Walker  in  a  number  of  par- 
ticulars. Thus,  we  pronounce  Asia,  a'-she-a,  according  to  the  prac- 
tice of  the  best  English  speakers,  though  Walker  gives  a'-zhe-a  as 
the  true  pronunciation.  (See  Principles  of  Pronunciation,  453.) 
In  a  few  instances  we  have  departed  from  his  practice  in  the  ac- 
centuation of  classical  names, — e.g.,  we  have,  with  the  sanction  of 
the  highest  authorities  of  the  present  day,  given  the  name  of  the 
ancient  capital  of  Egypt  with  the  accent  on  the  penultima,  thus — 
Alexandbi'a — though  Walker  accentuates  the  antepenultima,  as 
we  do,  in  pronouncing  the  modern  Alexandria.  (See  Albxan- 
DBIA,  in  the  body  of  this  work.) 

f  Walker  says  that  "  Derby  is  pronounced  neably  as  if  written 
D»r6j/" — and  that  "fir,  a  tree,  is  perfectly  similar  [in  sound]  to  the 
first  syllable  in  fermetU,  though  often  cobbuptlt  pronounced  like 
fwr,  a  skin."    (See  Principles  of  Pronunciation,  100  and  109.) 
12 


From  the  same  motive,  we  have  dispensed  with  the 
figured  vowels  whenever  their  use  has  not  appeared 
to  be  necessary  in  order  to  avoid  ambiguity.  Thus 
(as  already  observed),  we  write  simply  Til ''-sit,  and 
not  Tilsit,  tiP-sft,  as  Walker  would  have  done.  All 
marks  or  figures  which  are  not  needed  in  order  to 
indicate  the  exact  pronunciation  must  tend  rather  to 
embarrass  than  to  aid  the  learner. 

VIII.  The  Latin  names  of  foreign  countries  ara 
nearly  always  to  be  pronounced  with  the  English 
sounds  of  the  letters.  Thus,  in  Bava-'ria,  Bul- 
ga^'ria,  Lxjsa''tia,  and  Transtlva-'nia,  the  ac- 
cented A  should  have  its  first  sound. 

Obs.  In  Prussia  and  Kussia,  the  u  instead  of 
being  pronounced  short,  as  it  would  naturally  be  in 
Latin  names  of  this  kind,  was  formerly  sounded  like 
00 ;  but  this  usage  is  becoming  obsolete,  the  u  being 
now  sounded  as  in  but  or  rush.  The  first  syllable  of 
Bulgaria,  however,  is,  if  we  mistake  not,  generally 
pronounced  b66l,  and  not  bQl. 

IX.  In  the  anglicized  forms  of  foreign  names, 
and  in  most  well-known  names  of  foreign  countries, 
the  same  rules  of  pronunciation,  generally  speaking, 
obtain,  as  in  genuine  English  words, — e.g.,  Spain, 
Italy,  Naples,  &c. 

Obs.  1.  At  the  same  time,  we  may  observe  a  gen- 
eral tendency  to  adopt  those  sounds  of  the  English 
vowels  which  approach  most  nearly  to  the  foreign 
sounds :  thus  the  a  in  the  first  syllable  of  Adriatic 
and  Paris  has  its  fourth  sound,  which  is  much 
nearer  to  the  French  and  Italian  a  than  its  first 
sound,  though  this  would  probably  be  given  to  these 
names  by  the  mere  English  scholar,  who  should  be 
guided  by  analogy  solely.  In  like  manner,  the  i  in 
Milan  is  made  short,  so  as  nearly  to  correspond  to 
the  Italian  i,  which  is  like  our  h  or  ee. 

Obs.  2.  In  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  names 
that  have  become  thoroughly  anglicized,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  observe  the  tendency  of  our  language  to 
throw  the  accent  as  far  as  possible  from  the  termina- 
tion. Thus  Paris  is  pronounced  with  the  accent  on 
the  first  syllable,  though  the  French  appear  to  place 
it  on  the  last ;  and  the  Germans,  who  have  not  the 
same  aversion  to  the  ultimate  accent  that  we  have, 
lay  the  stress  of  voice  distinctly  on  the  final  sj-llable, 
thus,  pi-riss''.  Hanover,  which  might  be  pro- 
nounced with  the  native  accentuation  (Hano'ver) 
without  the  slightest  offence  to  the  genius  of  our 
tongue,!:  has  become  irrecoverably  Han-'over.  Thus, 
also,  we  pronounce  Andalu-'sia  (in  Spanish,  Anda- 
luci''a),  Ar'agon  (in  Spanish,  AragOn'),  &c.  So, 
in  our  own  country,  the  old  Niaga-'ra  has  become 
unalterably  fixed  as  Niag''ara  ;  and  Huron''  has 
given  place  to  Hu''ron. 

X.  It  may  be  observed  that  with  respect  to  foreign 
names,  not  only  in  the  French,  Italian,  and  other 
languages  that  are  written  in  the  Roman  letters,  but 
also  in  German  §  and  Greek  (the  characters  of  which 
may  be  readily  converted  into  corresponding  Roman 
letters),  it  is  generally  customary  in  English  to  re- 
tain the  literal  spelling, — e.g.,  Anspach  (German, 
SlnSpac^),  KoNiQSBKRG  (German,  KonigSberg),  Chios 
(Greek,  Xtof),  «&c.,  excepting  a  very  few  well-known 
names,  as  Lyons  (French,  Lyon),  Naples  (Italian, 
Napoli),    Munich    (German,    3Kunc^en),    Dantzic 


%  We  have  a  multitude  of  words  similar  in  accent,  as  promoter, 
devotion,  &c. 

g  It  is,  perhaps,  scarcely  necessary  to  remark  that  Roman  letters 
are  not  unfrequently  employed  in  writing  and  printing  German. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


(German,  ©oiijig),  Lbipsic  (German,  fieipjig) ;  we 
often  find,  however,  the  last  two  names  spelled  liter- 
ally Danzig  and  Leipzig. 

XI.  On  the  other  hand,  names  in  languages  of 
which  the  characters  cannot  be  readily  converted 
into  Roman  letters,  or  which  are  bvit  little  known 
as  written  languages,  are  usually  spelled  according 
to  their  sound  in  some  well-known  European  tongue. 
Thus  the  name  of  one  of  the  cities  of  Persia  is  writ- 
ten, in  English,  Shooster  or  Shuster,  in  German, 
Schuster,  and  in  French,  Chousier,  precisely  the  same 
sound  being  expressed  by  these  different  spellings. 

We  find,  in  English  works  of  the  highest  char- 
acter, these  various  modes  of  writing  Oriental  and 
other  names  employed  indiscriminately.  Thus  in 
McCulloch's  Geographical  Dictionary,  under  the 
article  Shuster,  we  find  within  the  space  of  eight 
lines  Khuzistan  (Khoozistan),  Karoon,  and  Dez- 
phoul  (Dezfool)  ;  the  first  name  being,  as  regards 
the  sound  of  the  vowels,  German  or  Italian,  the 
second  English,  and  the  third  French.  On  the  map 
of  Persia,  published  by  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion 
of  Useful  Knowledge,  names  written  according  to 
these  three  different  modes  occur  promiscuously  in 
almost  every  part.  Even  the  same  name  is  fre- 
quently spelled  differently  in  different  parts  of  the 
same  work.  Thus,  on  the  map  just  mentioned, 
OoRFA  is  written  "  Or/a  or  Our/a,"  while  on  another 
of  the  same  set  it  is  spelled  Urfa.  In  the  Penny 
Cyclopaedia  we  find  Boossa  and  Boussa,  Soodan  and 
Sudan,  Toorkistan  and  Turkistan,  &c.  McCuUoch 
gives  Shumla  (Shoomla)  under  its  proper  head,  but, 
mentioning  the  town  in  another  place,^  writes  it 
Schumla :  in  the  same  article,  Africa,  he  has  both 
Soodan  and  Soudan,  each  occurring  several  times : 
under  Mogadore  he  gives  Shwera  (more  properly 
Sweera)  as  the  Moorish  name  of  this  town ;  after- 
wards, in  enumerating  the  principal  fortified  and 
garrison  towns  of  Morocco,  he  gives  Suira  (pro- 
nounced Sweera),  without  so  much  as  mentioning 
the  name  of  Moqadore.  As  neither  Schumla  nor 
Suira  are  to  be  found  in  his  Gazetteer  under  their 
respective  heads,  it  is  scarcely  possible  that  any  one 
unacquainted  with  the  different  modes  of  writing 
these  names  should  know  what  places  are  meant  by 
them,  or  in  what  part  of  his  work  to  look  for  in- 
formation respecting  them. 

XII.  In  order  to  avoid  the  perplexity  and  con- 
fusion resulting  from  the  diversity  which  prevails  in 
the  mode  of  writing  Oriental  names  and  others  of 
the  same  class,  we  have  made  it  a  point  always  to 
spell  them  after  the  English  manner,  except  in  a  few 
instances  where  a  different  spelling  appears  to  have 
become  thoroughly  established  by  usage.  Accord- 
ingly, we  have  given  Oorfa,  Soodan,  Toorkistan, 
«&c. ,  as  the  preferable  mode  of  writing  such  names ; 
at  the  same  time,  under  the  heads  of  Ourfa  and 
Urfa,  Soudan  and  Sudan,  and  Turkistan,  the 
reader  will  find  a  reference  to  the  names  as  spelled 
in  the  English  manner,  to  which  he  must  look  for  a 
description  of  those  places.  By  adopting  this  plan, 
it  is  believed  that  the  correct  pronunciation  of  Ori- 
ental names  will  be  taught  in  the  simplest  and  easiest 


manner;  the  perplexity  and  error  into  which  th« 
prevailing  inconsistent  mode  of  writing  such  names 
has  sometimes  led  even  well-informed  geographers 
will  be  avoided ;  and  the  apparent  contradictions 
which  are  so  often  met  with  in  our  most  popular 
geographical  works  will  be  accounted  for  and  recon- 
ciled.* 

XIII.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  this  class 
of  geographical  names,  to  represent  the  accent  cor- 
rectly is  the  principal  difficulty  to  be  encountered. 
Those  acquainted  with  French  are  aware  that  this 
language  has  no  accent,  in  the  sense  in  which  we 
employ  the  term.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
Hungarian,  and  perhaps  also  of  the  Arabic,  Turk- 
ish, and  Persian.  At  all  events,  those  best  acquainted 
with  these  languages  are  not  unfrequently  at  a  loss 
when  they  wish  to  represent  accurately  in  English 
the  accentuation  of  Arabic,  Turkish,  and  Persian 
words.  Nevertheless,  it  will  be  found  that  here,  aa 
in  the  French  and  Hungarian,  there  is  something 
analogous  to  our  accent,  which  will  generally  serve 
to  guide  us  in  marking  in  English  the  accentuation 

*  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  practice  which  prevails 
among  the  English,  of  writing  Oriental  names  after  the  manner 
of  other  European  nations,  has  sometimes  led  geographers  of  the 
highest  character  into  error.  Thus  Mantchoo,  the  name  of  a  tribe 
of  Tartars  inhabiting  the  north  part  of  the  Chinese  empire,  ia 
written,  by  some  of  the  most  respectable  authorities,  Manchow.  It 
is  probable  that  in  the  first  place  some  English  writer  or  writers 
spelled  it  Mantchou,  after  the  French  manner,  and  that  others,  sup- 
posing it  to  be  English,  and  wishing  to  adopt  a  mode  of  spelling 
less  equivocal,  wrote  it  Manchow.  It  may  be,  however,  that  the 
latter  indicates  the  true  pronunciation,  and  that  the  name  wni4 
originally  written  correctly  MatUchon,  the  ou  having  its  genuine 
English  sound ;  and  that  some  English  writer,  naturally  supposing 
it  to  be  French  (for  many,  if  not  most,  of  the  English  appear  to 
prefer  the  French  mode  of  spelling  such  names  to  their  own), 
without  investigating  the  subject,  converted  the  name,  as  they 
thought,  into  English,  by  writing  it  Mantchoo.  As  Mantchooria 
(the  country  of  the  Mantchoos)  is  rarely  visited  by  Europeans,  this 
question  may  loug  remain  undecided.  At  present,  Mantchoo  aj*- 
pears  to  have  become  almost  universal.  In  one  of  the  earlier 
numbers  of  the  Penny  Cyclopaedia  {article  China)  we  find  it  writ- 
ten Matichow,  but  in  other  parts  of  the  work,  MandtKoo,  which  does 
not  differ  materially  in  sound  from  Mantchoo. 

Had  the  English  uniformly  adopted  the  practice  of  writing 
Oriental  names  according  to  the  sounds  of  their  own  language,  it 
is  probable  that  Cabul  would  never  have  lost  its  native  sound 
(Ka'-b'l)  so  far  as  to  be  generally  pronounced  by  the  English  and 
French,  Cahool  or  Cahoid.  (See  Cabool,  in  the  body  of  this  work.) 
It  is  true  that  it  was  formerly  written  correctly,  in  English  works, 
Cab%d  or  Cauhul;  but  the  practice  of  spelling  Oriental  names  ac- 
cording to  the  German  or  Italian  mode  is  so  common  among  Eng- 
lish writers,  that  analogy  would  naturally  lead  us  to  adopt  or 
confirm  that  pronunciation  of  Cabnl,  which  appears  to  be  now  so 
thoroughly  established.  Had  it  been  the  uniform  practice  of  Eng- 
lish travellers  and  geographers  to  write  such  names  as  Sumitil, 
Dezful  (or  Dezphoul),  according  to  the  sounds  of  their  own  tongue, 
viz.,  Soormool  and  Dezfool,  no  English  reader  would  have  thought 
of  pronouncing  the  u  in  Cahul  like  oo.  The  erroneous  pronuncia- 
tion of  a  single  name  may,  perhaps,  justly  be  regarded  as  of  little 
moment;  but  the  embarrassment  and  error  into  which  the  prevail- 
ing practice  of  English  writers  on  geography  ia  continually  liable 
to  lead  both  the  ignorant  and  learned,  appear  to  us  to  involve  con- 
siderations of  the  highest  importance  to  the  interests  of  geographi- 
cal science.  From  a  sincere  wish  to  add  as  much  as  possible  to  the 
utility  of  the  present  work,  we  have  had  recourse  to  the  system 
of  writing  Oriental  names  which  has  already  been  explained.  It 
may  be  remarked  that  though  this  system  is  frequently  at  variance 
with  common  risage,  it  is  sanctioned  by  the  example  of  the  most 
distinguished  French  geographers,  as  well  as  of  several  English 
writora  of  the  highest  character. 

13 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


of  names  in  these  languages.  The  different  syllables 
of  Oriental  names,  however,  like  those  of  French 
words,  are  not  unfrequently  pronounced  with  a  stress 
of  voice  so  nearly  equal  that  it  has  been  deemed 
proper,  in  a  number  of  instances,  to  use  the  second- 
ary accents,  in  order  to  indicate  more  precisely  the 
true  pronunciation.  (See  remarks  on  the  French 
accent,  Section  XVI.) 

Obs.  1.  It  may  not  be  improper  here  to  remind 
the  reader  that  the  accents  which  we  often  see  upon 
Oriental  names  are  by  no  means  to  be  understood  as 
always  indicating  the  manner  in  which  an  English- 
man should  accentuate  these  names  in  pronunciation, 
as  they  are  often  employed  to  denote  some  particular 
sound  in  the  vowels  over  which  they  are  placed. 
Thus  some  authors  place  an  accent  upon  a,  when 
they  wish  merely  to  signify  that  this  letter  has  the 
clear  full  sound  of  a  in/a?-.  In  the  same  manner,  an 
accent  is  placed  upon  u,  in  order  to  show  that  it  has 
the  Italian  or  German  sound,  or,  in  other  words,  is 
to  be  pronounced  like  oo. 

Obs.  2.  The  sound  of  a  in  several  of  the  Oriental 
languages  is  often  very  broad,  approaching  nearly  to 
that  of  au  in  English.  Hence  we  often  see  Afghaun 
instead  of  Afghan,  Cauvery  instead  of  Cavkry, 
aidtaun  instead  of  sultan,  &c.     In  writing  Nepatjl 


and  Bhofattl,  the  improper  diphttiong  au  appear* 
to  be  almost  universally  employed  by  the  English. 
The  French  indicate  the  same  sound  by  using  a 
with  a  circumflex, — e.ff.,  NepAl,  BhopAl,  &c.  This 
method  is,  perhaps,  preferable  to  ours,  the  sound  of 
&  being  intermediate  between  that  in  the  English 
word /ar  and  that  in  fall. 

Obs.  3.  The  Arabic  article  al  or  el  is  often  changed 
in  pronunciation,  so  as  to  correspond  with  the  initial 
consonant  of  the  word  to  which  it  is  prefixed  ;  thus, 
El-Rashked  (Rashid),  El-Sham  (the  Arabic  name 
of  Syria),  and  El-Sioot,  are  pronounced,  and  should 
be  written  in  English,  Er-Rasheed,  Eah-Sham,  Es- 
Sioot.  The  vowel  sound  of  the  article  also  varies 
considerably,  sometimes  approaching  that  of  oo ; 
thus  the  "  Country  of  Dates,"  is  usually  pronounced 
Beled'Sdl.Jer-eed'.  So  Es-Sioot  (or  Sioot,  without 
the  article)  is  sometimes  written  Assyout  and  Osioot. 

Obs.  4.  Qh,  in  the  Arabic  and  some  other  Oriental 
tongues,  is  not  merely  a  hard  g,  as  in  the  Italian, 
nor  an  aspirate  like  the  German  eh,  as  in  the  Irish 
language,  but  a  harsh  guttural,  bearing  the  same 
relation  to  the  German  ch  that  g  bears  to  k.  As  it 
has  no  equivalent  in  any  European  language,  we 
have  not  attempted  to  distinguish  it  in  pronuncia- 
tion, having  represented  it  merely  by  a  hard  g. 

Obs.  6.  Kh  is  equivalent  to  ch  in  German,  and 
accordingly  has  been  represented  by  k,  distinguished 
as  a  small  capital. 


GENERAL  PRINCIPLES  OF  PRONUNCIATION  OF  THE  MORE 
IMPORTANT  EUROPEAN  LANGUAGES. 


It  may,  perhaps,  be  proper  to  remark  that  this 
brief  exposition  of  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the  differ- 
ent European  languages  has  been  prepared  solely 
with  reference  to  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  geo- 
graphical names.  The  object  has  been  twofold :  first, 
to  enable  the  reader  more  fully  to  understand  the 
system  of  orthoepy  adopted  in  this  Gazetteer ;  sec- 
ondly, to  furnish  some  general  hints  for  the  proper 
pronunciation  of  those  European  names  which  are 
not  found  in  the  present  work.  Some  explanation 
of  the  kind  has  been  deemed  indispensable ;  and, 
brief  and  imperfect  as  this  may  be,  it  is  hoped  that 
it  will  be  found  to  answer  the  particular  object 
proposed. 

BOHEMIAN. 
[See  Observation  at  the  end  of  Section  XXIL] 

DANISH. 
XIV. 

1.  Ais  pronounced  generally  as  in  the  English  word /or, 
though  it  frequently  approaches  the  sound  of  a  in  fat. 

2.  E,  at  the  end  of  an  accented  syllable,  usually  has  a 
sound  like  that  of  t  in  pin  /  in  other  cases  it  is  sometimes 
like  e  in  met,  and  sometimes  like  e  in  battery. 

3.  /  is  like  ee,  or  like  t  in  pin. 

4.  0  is  like  the  English  o. 
6.   U  is  like  oo. 

6.  Y  is  equivalent  to  the  French  ti  or  8. 

7.  Aa  sounds  like  o. 

14 


8.  ^«  sounds  like  a  in  fate. 

9.  le  sounds  like  ee  in  English. 

10.  Oe  or  o  is  the  same  as  in  German. 

11.  The  consonants  b,  c,/,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  »,  t,  x,  z,  are 
like  the  English. 

12.  D,  between  two  vowels,  or  at  the  end  of  a  syllable  in 
which  it  follows  a  vowel,  sounds  like  th  in  thi» ;  in  other 
situations  it  is  usually  the  same  as  in  English. 

13.  Q\%  always  hard ;  at  the  end  of  a  word  it  is  sounded 
very  slightly,  so  as  to  resemble  A, — e.g.,  Aalbobo  is  pro- 
nounced nearly  ol'-bor'h. 

14.  J"  is  like  the  English  y  (consonant). 

15.  R  is  similar  to  the  German. 

16.  Fis  usually  like  the  English,  but  it  sometimes  ap- 
pears to  have  a  vowel  sound ;  thus,  havn  is  pronounced 
almost  houn. 

17.  W  has  a  sound  similar  to  the  German. 

DUTCH. 
XV. 

1.  The  vowels  a,  e,  i,  o,  and  u  are  similar  to  the  French. 

2.  Fis  like  long  i  in  English,  as  in  nigh. 

Obs.  Ij  is  sometimes  made  use  of  instead  of  y/  thus, 
OvEBTSSEL  is  not  unfrequently  written  Overifssel. 

3.  Ae  is  equivalent  to  &&  or  &. 

4.  le  sounds  like  ee  in  English. 

5.  Oe  sounds  like  oo. 

6.  Oo  sounds  like  o  long. 

7.  Ui  or  uy  is  similar  to  oi  in  English,  or  eu  in  German. 

8.  The  consonants  b,  c,  /,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  r,  t,  t,  x,  tt, 
are  similar  to  the  English. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


9.  D,  at  the  end  of  a  word,  is  like  t;  in  other  cases  it 
is  the  same  as  in  English. 

10.  C?  resembles  in  sound  a  strongly -aspirated  h,  or  the 
German  ch. 

11.  J\9  equivalent  to  the  English  y  (consonant). 

12.  V,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  or  name,  nsaallj  sounds 
like  /,  as  in  German. 

13.  W  is  somewhat  like  the  German,  but  softer.  In  the 
word  Nieute  ("new"),  followed  by  a  consonant,  as  Nieuw- 
pooBT  (written  also  Nieupoort),  it  is  silent. 

14.  Ch  is  similar  to  the  German  ch.  (15.)  Sch,  however, 
has  not,  as  in  German,  the  sound  of  the  English  »h,  but  the 
pure  sound  of  s,  followed  by  the  guttural  ch,  resembling  sk 
in  English. 

Obs.  The  Flemish  is  so  closely  allied  to  the  Dutch  that 
it  may  be  regarded  as  essentially  the  same  language. 

FRENCH. 
XVI. 

1.  A,  in  French,  is  generally  considered  to  have  two 
sounds:  the  first  long,  as  in  the  English  word /ar, — e.g.,  in 
paa;  the  second  short,  almost  like  a  in  fat, — e.g.,  in  hal. 
A  circumflexed  {&),  however,  has  a  sound  broader  than  the 
a  in  pas,  being  intermediate  between  that  in  far  and  that 
in  fall.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  French  names  con- 
taining an  d,  we  have  used  the  same  letter,  as  we  have  no 
equivalent  in  English. 

Obs.  The  French  a  would  frequently  seem  to  be  interme- 
diate between  its  second  English  sound  and  that  of  short  u. 
However  this  may  be,  the  French  writers  often  employ  a  in 
spelling  Oriental  names,  when  the  English  make  use  of  u, 
— e.g.,  in  Cctch  (Fr.  Catch),  Fobruckabad  (Fr.  Farrak- 
dbdd),  MusKAT  (Fr.  Mascate). 

2.  E  has  three  sounds :  (1)  close,  like  a  in  fate, — e.g., 
in  €tt;  (2)  open,  nearly  as  in  met,  but  more  prolonged, — 
e.g.,  in  prods  and  tite;*  (3)  obscure,  as  in  battery, — e.g., 
in  retour,  devrait.'f 

3.  /  has  two  sounds :  the  first  nearly  as  in  the  English 
word  fig, — e.g.,  in  i7,  ami;  the  second  like  ie  infield,  or  ee, 
— e.g.,  in  gite. 

4.  0  has  three  sounds:  (1)  nearly  as  in  robe, — e.g.,  in 
trSne;  (2)  as  in  rob, — e.g.,  in  parole,-  (3)  as  in  lord, — e.g., 
in  corps. 

Obs.  0  circumflexed,  in  French,  has  a  deeper  and  fuller 
sound  than  o  long  in  English  :  in  giving  the  pronunciation 
of  French  names  containing  this  letter,  we  have  used  the 
same,  as  no  English  vowel  or  vowels  could  accurately  indi- 
«ate  its  sound, — e.g.,  Put  db  D6ue,  pwee  d'dSme. 

5.  The  sound  of  the  French  u  has  no  equivalent  in  Eng- 
lish. It  may  be  said  to  be  intermediate  between  ee  and  oo  ; 
but  it  can  be  learned  from  an  oral  instructor  only.  In  the 
present  work  it  is  represented  by  the  German  U  (or  ue). 

Obs.  U,  before  n,  nasal,  has  its  second  English  sound 
nearly,  un  being  pronounced  almost  Hw, 

6.  F  ia  similar  to  the  French  t. 

7.  At  is  like  i,  or  e  open. 

8.  Au  is  like  d. 

9.  Ei  is  like  i. 

Obs.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  French  names  in 
which  at  or  ei  (not  followed  by  n  nasal)  occur, — e.g.,  Lor- 
raine, Seine,  Ac, — we  have  sometimes  represented  the 
sound  of  these  diphthongs  by  &  or  ai,  because  this  is  the 
usual  mode  of  anglicizing  such  names.     But  with  regard 

*  In  pronouncing  this  sound,  the  mouth  must  be  freely  opened, 
whence  the  name. 

t  The  e  in  these  and  similar  cases  is  often  scarcely  sounded  at 
all,  and  appears  to  pass  Imperceptibly  into  «  mute;  retour  and 
•  dMratf  may  be  pronounced  r'toor  •«>d  dCvray. 


to  places  less  known,  ai  and  ei  are  rendered  by  A  (0  in  tnH), 
as  Bartenheiu,  baRU^h-nim'.  In  these  instances  the  sound 
of  h  should  be  somewhat  prolonged,  the  mouth  at  the  same 
time  being  freely  opened. 

10.  Eu  is  similar  to  the  English  u  in  tub,  bat  the  sonnd 
is  more  prolonged,  nearly  resembling  u  in  fur. 

Obs.  Eu,  in  the  different  parts  of  the  verb  avoir,  "to 
have,"  always  has  tliu  sound  of  simple  u. 

11.  Ie  is  like  ee  in  English,  or  i. 

12.  Oi  usually  sounds  like  wi, — e.g.,  moi  is  pronoonoed 
mwi  or  mwdh. 

Obs.  Oi  was  formerly  used  in  the  termination  of  the 
French  verbs, — e.g.,  avois,  avoit,  avoient ;  also  in  the  final 
syllable  of  a  number  of  adjectives,  as  Polonois,  "Polish," 
and  Lyonnois,  "belonging  to  Lyons."  The  oi  in  these 
words — which  are  now  usually  written  avais,  avait,  avaient, 
Polonais,  Lyonnais — sounds  like  ai  (or  i). 

13.  Ou  sounds  like  00  in  English. 

14.  B,  c,f  d,  f,  k,  p,  t,  V,  and  z  are  the  same  as  in  English. 

15.  G,  before  a,  o,  and  v,  is  hard,  as  in  the  English  word 
gap  ;  before  e,  1,  and  y  it  is  soft,  having  the  sound  of  zh,  or 
of  s  in  pleasure.  Gu  sounds  like  g  hard ;  thas,  guS,  guide, 
are  pronounced  gi,  gheed. 

16.  H  is  never  pronounced  in  French  so  forcibly  as  in 
English.  Some  orthoepists  say  that  h  has  no  sound  in 
French.^ 

17.  J  sounds  like  soft  g  in  French,  or  zh  in  English. 

18.  L  has  usually  the  same  sound  as  in  English;  but 
when  it  ends  a  word,  being  preceded  by  1,  or  when  U  follows 
i,  in  any  situation,  it  usually  has  what  is  called  its  liquid 
sound.  This  may  be  said  to  answer  nearly  to  the  sound  of 
Hi  in  million,  the  sound  of  I  in  such  cases  being  blended 
with  that  of  y  (consonant), — e.g.,  papillon  is  pronounced 
p8,^-peer-y6N»';  Chantilly,  shfiNo^-teer-yee',  Ac.  Itshould, 
however,  be  observed  that,  according  to  the  present  practice 
of  the  more  polite  French  speakers,  the  sound  of  I  is  scarcelj' 
heard  at  all  in  such  words,  so  that  their  pronunciation  might 
rather  be  indicated  thus, — pi^-pee*-y6N»',  8h6N»'-tee^-yee'. 

19.  ilf  and  N,  when  followed  by  a  vowel,  or  when  double, 
have  the  same  sound  as  in  English ;  but  when  at  the  end 
of  a  word  (not  immediately  followed  by  another  word  be- 
ginning with  a  vowel),  or  when  followed  by  another  conso- 
nant in  the  middle  of  a  word,  they  have  what  is  termed  the 
nasal  sound,  which  resembles  that  of  ng,  as  in  long,  pang, 
&o.,  but  is  somewhat  8ofter.{|  Thus,  m  and  n  are  nasal  in 
such  words  as  conparer,  coTXte'ste,  but  have  their  natural 
sound  in  such  as  commune,  connu.  Melun,  before  a  conso- 
nant, or  standing  by  itself,  would  be  pronounced  almost 
m7«N» ;  but  if  followed  immediately  by  a  vowel,  as  in  the 
sentence,  Melun  a  six  tnille  habitans, — "  Melun  has  six  thou- 
sand inhabitants," — the  final  n  is  sounded  distinctly  like 
nn.  The  pronoun  8ie?i,  when  not  followed  by  a  vowel,  is  pro- 
nounced nearly  se-iN"' ;  but  when  it  takes  the  feminine 
termination,  the  n,  being  doubled,  has  the  same  sound  as 
in  English,  so  that  sienne  is  pronounced  se-enn'. 

20.  M  or  n,  nasal,  when  preceded  by  e,  usually  causes 
this  vowel  to  assume  the  broad  sound  of  ay  thus  denU, 
sens,  are  pronounced  like  the  French  words  dans  and  »an§, 
almost  as  if  written  in  English  ddJif  and  s8v. 

21 .  In,  im,  ain,  aim,  ein,  oin,  and  en,  preceded  immediately 
by  i,  when  nasal,  have  a  sound  nearly  resembling  that  of 
ang  in  the  English  word  pang.  In  such  cases,  in,  im,  ain, 
aim,  ein,  and  en  are  pronounced  alike, — &n*;  the  o  in  oin 

X  O,  with  a  cedilla  (9),  before  a,  o,  and  m,  sounds  like  t;  thus 
pa,  fo,  pu  are  pronounced  «a,  to,  «m. 

§  See  Bolmar's  Fables — Remark  on  the  letter  h,  page  4. 

S  In  uttering  this  sound,  care  should  be  taken  not  to  press  the 
back  part  of  the  tongue  against  the  palate,  as  is  done  in  pro- 
nouncing the  English  ng. 

1R 


INTEODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


has  the  soand  of  our  w,  so  that  loin  and  soin  are  pronounoed 
almost  lw&N«,  sw&No. 

22.  In  om  and  on,  nasal,  the  o  is  long,  as  in  won't. 

Obs.  The  French  nasal  sound  is  represented  in  the  present 
work  by  it",  and  sometimes  by  n  or  m  distinguished  as  a  small 
capital, — «.sf.,CHAUM0NT,  sho^-mftw*';  Quimpeb,  kiM^-piRe'. 

23.  Q  or  qu,  in  French,  always  sounds  like  k, — e.g.,  quel 
is  pronounced  kel,'  qui,  kee. 

Obs.  Q,  in  French  words  (except  when  terminal,  as  in 
eoq  and  citiq),  is  always  followed  by  u,  though  it  is  some- 
times employed  without  this  letter  in  writing  certain  foreign 
names.  Thus  Baibi  and  several  other  authors,  both  French 
and  English,  write  Qeni  for  Keneh,  Qoum  for  Koom,  Ac. 
In  such  cases,  q  is  used  to  denote  a  sound  like  that  of  k, 
but  somewhat  more  guttural. 

24.  Ji  is  like  the  English,  but  is  trilled  more  strongly,  es- 
'peoially  when  it  precedes  another  consonant,  or  stands  at 

the  end  of  a  word,  as  in  veRtu,  ^^uniR :  in  similar  cases  the 
English  r  is  but  very  slightly  sounded.  This  sound  is  in- 
dicated by  a  small  capital  r. 

25.  S,  when  single  and  between  two  vowels,  sounds  like 
s  /  in  other  oases  it  is  the  same  as  in  English. 

26.  X  generally  has  the  same  sound  as  in  English,  but  is 
sometimes  sounded  like  », — e.g.,  in  six,  pronounce  seece,  and 
Brtixellet  (Brussels),  pronounced  brii^sell' ;  and  occasion- 
ally like  z,  as  in  dixilme,  dee^-ze-aivi'. 

27.  Gh  is  like  sh  in  English ,-  th  is  like  t. 

28.  Gn  (the  same  as  in  Italian)  has  a  sound  which  blends 
that  of  n  and  y  (consonant),  or,  in  other  words,  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  sound  of  ni  in  minion.  Thus,  Avignon  is  pro- 
nounced i'-veen^-y6N»'. 

Obs.  This  sound  is  represented  in  Spanish  by  ft,  and  bears 
the  same  relation  to  n  that  the  liquid  I  (I)  does  to  the  ordi- 
nary /.  In  Hungarian  it  is  expressed  by  ny,  and  in  Portu- 
guese by  nh. 

When  it  occurs  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  we  have  repre- 
sented it  by  n  and  y,  as  in  the  example  above  given ;  but 
when  it  stands  at  the  end  of  a  word,  as  it  cannot  then  be 
expressed  by  any  letter  or  combination  of  letters  in  English, 
it  has  been  indicated  by  the  Spanish  il.  Accordingly,  the 
French  pronunciation  of  such  names  as  Colognb  and  Bou- 
logne are  thus  given, — ko^-lofi',  boo^-Iofi.'. 

SILENT   LETTERS. 

29.  The  vowel  c  at  the  end  of  a  word,  when  not  marked 
with  an  accent,  is  invariably  mute, — e.g.,  in  parte,  con- 
tente,*  Ac. 

30.  The  French  consonants,  when  occurring  at  the  end 
of  a  word,  are  generally  not  pronounced,  unless  they  are 
immediately  followiBd  by  a  word  beginning  with  a  vowel, — 
e.g.,  in  contenr,  Bordeaux,  and  dents.  If,  however,  they 
are  followed  by  a  mute  e,  or  any  other  vowel,  they  must 
always  be  articulated, — e.g.,  in  contenre,  denii,  &c. 

Obs.  1.  The  letters  c,  /,  I,  and  r  are,  when  final,  very  often 
pronounced, — e.g.,  in  avec,  neuf,  il,  &n6.  punir. 

Obs.  2.  The  French  articulate  the  final  consonants  in 
almost  all  foreign  and  classical  names, — e.g.,  in  Amster- 
DAU  (m  not  nasal),  Venus,  Ac. 

REMARKS  ON  THE  FRENCH  ACCENT. 
It  may  be  observed  that  the  French  language  has  no  ac- 
cent in  the  sense  in  which  we  employ  this  term.  The 
marks  called  accents,  that  are  placed  over  the  different 
vowels,  serve  only  to  indicate  some  particular  sound  of 
these  letters,  and  not  that  peculiar  impulse  of  the  voice 

*  The  particles  Ze,  ne,  and  the  pronouns  je,  me,  te,  &c.,  are  per- 
haps, strictly  speaking,  exceptions;  but  though  the  «  in  these 
words  is  not  always  absolutely  mute,  it  is  very  often  so;  thus,  the 
sentence  voui  me  Irouverez  le  meme  is  pronounced  voom  troov  rel 
mame,  the  vowel  in  me  and  le  being  entirely  suppressed,  and  the 
consonants  attached  to  the  preceding  words. 

16 


which  characterizes  an  accented  syllable  in  the  English  and 
most  other  European  tongues.  Thus,  the  accent  over  the  « 
in  parts  serves  to  show  that  this  vowel  has  its  first  French 
sound,  and  at  the  same  time  distinguishes  it  from  parte, 
another  form  of  the  same  verb,  in  which  the  e  is  mute. 
The  circumflex  imparts  to  the  vowels  over  which  it  is  placed 
a  longer  and  deeper  sound  than  ordinary, — e.g.,  in  hdte, 
tempite,  gite,  and  apdtre. 

It  is  commonly  said  that  the  French  pronounce  all  the 
syllables  of  a  word  with  an  equal  stress  of  voice,  but  that 
they  seem,  to  an  English  ear,  to  accentuate  the  last,  because, 
in  our  language,  the  universal  tendency  is  to  throw  the  ac- 
cent towards  the  beginning  of  the  word.  (See  IX.,  Obs.  2.) 
Others,  on  the  contrary,  maintain  that  in  pronouncing 
words  of  a  number  of  syllables,  the  voice  of  a  native  French 
speaker  almost  invariably  rises  and  dwells  on  the  last,  and 
that  this  peculiar  terminal  intonation  is  very  analogous, 
and  nearly  equivalent,  to  our  accent.  This  last  opinion  ap- 
pears to  us  to  be  not  without  a  real  foundation.  But,  how- 
ever the  question  may  be  settled,  the  fact  that  the  English, 
who  have  learned  the  pronunciation  of  names  from  hearing 
them  spoken  by  the  French  themselves,  almost  invariably 
throw  the  accent  on  the  final  syllable,  furnishes,  in  our 
judgment,  sufficient  ground  for  establishing  a  general  rule 
on  this  subject.  Accordingly,  in  the  present  work,  we  have, 
with  very  few  exceptions,  placed  the  principal  accent  on  the 
last  syllable  of  French  geographical  names ;  at  the  same 
time  it  has  been  thought  proper  to  mark  the  others  with 
secondary  accents,  in  order  to  prevent  them  from  being  pro- 
nounced too  slightly  or  indistinctly,  as  is  usually  the  case 
with  unaccented  syllables  in  English.  The  pronunciation  of 
Orleans,  for  example,  has  been  thus  given, — on^-lk^-bs*'. 

Obs.  Particular  care,  however,  should  be  taken  not  to 
break  such  names  into  as  many  isolated  sounds  as  there  are 
different  syllables  ;  but,  while  pronouncing  these  syllables 
with  a  stress  of  voice  nearly  equal,  to  let  each  glide  smoothly 
into  that  which  follows  it.  It  may  be  observed  that  the 
French,  in  uttering  short  sentences,  usually  make  the  dif- 
ferent words  run  into  each  other,  as  if  they  were  parts  of 
the  same  word. 

GERMAN. 
XVII. 

1.  A,  in  German,  usually  sounds  as  in  the  English  word 
far,  though  sometimes  approximating  the  a  in  /at. 

2.  E,  when  long,  sounds  like  a  in  fate;  when  short, 
like  e  in  met :  frequently,  however,  it  has  an  obscure  sound, 
like  e  in  battery. 

3.  /,  long,  sounds  like  i  in  marine  (or  ee  in  English) ; 
i,  short,  like  i  in  pit. 

4.  0,  long,  is  like  that  in  no  ;  o,  short,  like  that  in  on. 

5.  U,  long,  is  like  oo  in  cucA;oo  /  u,  short,  like  oo  in  good. 

6.  r*  sounds  like  the  German  t. 

7.  Ae,  or  a,  is  similar  to  the  German  e,  or  to  the  English 
a  in  /ate. 

8.  Oe,  or  o,  nearly  resembles  the  eu  in  French,  but  has 
no  parallel  sound  in  English ;  the  sound  in  our  language 
nearest  to  it  is  that  of  e  in  her,  or  u  in  /ur.  The  German 
poets  often  rhyme  it  with  e  (i  or  i), 

9.  Ue,  or  u,  is  like  the  French  u. 

10.  An  is  equivalent  to  the  English  ou  in  our. 

11.  Au  and  eu  resemble  in  sound  the  English  oi,  as  in  oil. 

12.  Ei  and  ey  have  the  sound  of  t  in  mine,  as  pronounced 
by  the  Americans  (the  English  draw  the  corners  of  the 
mouth  farther  back). 

13.  At  is  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  somewhat  broader. 

Obs.  It  may  be  observed  that  ai  and  au,  in  German,  as 
well  as  in  several  other  languages,  are  proper  diphthongs, 
the  vowels  preserving  their  distinct  and  proper  sound ;  thus, 
ai  is  equivalent  to  i'-e,  and  au  to  4'-oo,  in  English. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


14.  Ui  sounds  like  oo-e. 

15.  le  is  equivalent  to  ee  in  English. 

16.  The  consonants  /,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  t,  and  x  are  pro- 
nounced as  in  English. 

17.  B  and  d,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  hare  the  same 
sound  as  in  English ;  at  the  end  of  a  word,  b  is  pronounced 
like  p,  and  d  like  (. 

18.  C,  before  a,  o,  and  u,  sounds  like  k;  before  e,  i,  and 
y,  like  tt. 

19.  Ch  has  a  sound  unknown  in  our  language,  and  which, 
consequently,  can  be  learned  from  an  oral  instructor  only. 
It  somewhat  resembles  that  of  our  h,  with  a  strong  aspira- 
tion. After  a,  o,  and  u,  it  is  guttural ;  for  example,  in  the 
word  ach,*  When  it  follows  e,  i,  o,  o,  ii,  du,  or  cm,  it  seems 
to  be  sounded  more  in  the  palate,  as  in  ich.*  We  hare 
represented  this  sound  in  the  present  work  by  k,  distin- 
guished as  a  small  capital. 

Obs.  Ch,  before  «,  radical  {i.e.,  forming  a  part  of  the  root 
of  the  word),  has  the  sound  of  k, — e.g.,  OcAa  ie  pronounced 
oks  ;  Sachaen,  s&K'-8^n,  &o. 

20.  G,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  sounds  as  in  the 
English  word  get;  in  other  situations  it  should  be  pro- 
nounced nearly  like  the  German  ch,  in  which  cases  it  is 
represented  by  g,  small  capital.  (See  Section  V.)  In  some 
German  dialects,  however,  it  is  sounded,  in  all  oases,  nearly 
like  g  hard  in  English. 

21.  H  is  pronounced  only  when  it  begins  a  word. 

Obs.  1.  When  g  and  h  occur  in  the  middle  of  a  compound 
word,  they  have  the  same  sound  as  when  they  are  initial, 
provided  they  begin  any  part  which  is  a  complete  word  in 
itself;  thus,  in  the  participle  gegehen  (given),  the  latter  g 
has  the  same  sound  as  the  former,  because  it  begins  the 
verb  gehen  (to  give),  from  which  that  participle  is  derived. 
It  is  sounded  in  like  manner  in  au/geben  (to  give  up)  and 
vergeben  (to  forgive),  Ac.  U,  in  similar  instances,  is  pro- 
nounced,— e.g.,  in  gehabt,  aiifhalten,  &c. 

Obs.  2.  G  and  h,  occurring  after  a  vowel,  lengthen  its 
sound, — e.g.,  in  Tag,  Zahl,  Floh,  pronounced  t&g,  ts&l,  flo,  Ac. 

22.  J  has  the  sound  of  the  English  y  (consonant). 

23.  Q  is  only  used  before  «,  and  sounds  as  in  the  English 
word  quit, 

24.  R  is  pronounced  like  rr  in  the  English  word  terror, 
but  somewhat  more  strongly.     (See  XVI.,  24.) 

Obs.  Care  should  be  taken  to  pronounce  the  r,  in  German, 
distinctly  and  forcibly.  In  such  words  as  berg  and  werth, 
the  learner  should  be  particularly  on  his  guard  against  al- 
lowing the  e  to  become  like  short  «,  as  in  similar  words  in 
English.  The  e,  in  such  cases,  should  have  the  same  sound 
as  in  our  word  merit,  so  that  berg  should  be  pronounced 
almost  as  if  written  bairg  (not  burg) ;  werth,  as  wairt  (not 
wurt),  but  somewhat  shorter. 

25.  S,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  or  between  two  vowels, 
is  like  z  ;  in  other  cases  it  is  sharp,  as  in  this.  Ss  is  always 
sharp. 

26.  Sch  sounds  like  the  English  sh  ;  sz  like  ««. 

27.  Th  is  pronounced  like  t,  as  in  most  other  languages. 

28.  V  sounds  like/  in  English,  except  when  between  two 
vowels ;  it  is  then  usually  pronounced  like  our  v. 

29.  W  resembles  our  v,  but  in  pronouncing  it  the  upper 
teeth  should  not  be  allowed  to  touch  the  lower  lip,  as  is 
done  in  uttering  the  English  v.  This  sound  is  indicated  by 
a  10  marked  thus,  ^. 

1 30.  Z  and  t»  sound  like  ts. 

Obs.  No  general  rule  can  be  given  for  the  accent  of  Ger- 
man words  or  names ;  it  may  be  remarked,  however,  that 
the  penultimate  accent  occurs  much  less  frequently  than  in 
the  Spanish  or  Italian  languages. 

*  Those  who  have  no  opportunity  of  acquiring  this  sound  from 
a  German,  might  perhaps  learn  it  from  a  Scotchman,  as  the  Scotch 
eh  is  essentially  the  same  with  the  German,  though  pronounced 
somewhat  more  strongly. 


GREEK  (MODERN), 
xvin. 

1.  A  a  (alpha)  is  like  a  in  far. 

2.  E  «  (epsilon)  is  like  a  in  fate. 

3.  H  1)  (eta)  is  like  ee  in  English. 

4.  I  I  (iSta)  is  like  e  in  me,  or  t  in  pin, 

5.  O  o  (omicron)  is  like  o  in  English. 

6.  Y  V  (upsilon)  is  nearly  like  the  French  u  (or  S). 

7.  0  w  (5mgga)  is  like  o  in  English,  there  being  no  dif- 
ference between  this  and  omicron  in  prose ;  in  poetry  m  ia 
longer. 

8.  Ai  is  like  a  in  fate. 

9.  Et  and  oi  sound  like  ee  in  English. 

10.  Ov  is  like  our  oo. 

11.  B  /3  (beta)  is  like  v  in  English. 

12.  r  y  (gamma)  is  like  g  hard,  as  in  get. 

13.  A  S  (delta)  is  like  th  in  this. 

14.  Z  i  (zeta)  is  like  the  English  g. 

15.  0  9  (theta)  is  like  th  in  thin. 

16.  K  <c  (kappa)  is  like  k. 

17.  A  A  (lambda)  is  like  I. 

18.  M  n  (mu)  is  like  m. 

19.  N  V  (nu)  is  like  n. 

20.  B  f  (xi)  is  like  x. 

21.  n  n  (pi)  is  usually  like  the  English  j9  /  but  after  j*  (m) 
it  is  like  b, — e.g.,  e/^tropos  is  pronounced  em'bo-roa. 

22.  P  p  (rho)  is  similar  to  the  German  r. 

23.  Sac  (sigma)  is  like  the  English  s. 

24.  T  T  (tau)  is  usually  like  the  English  t;  after  v  (n), 
however,  it  is  sounded  like  d, — e.g.,  ivrh^  is  pronounced 
en-dos'. 

25.  Y  V  {consonant),  when  before  a  vowel,  or  the  liquids 
I,  m,  n,  r,  is  like  our  v, — e.g.,  avtpvu  is  pronounced  iv-i-rii'o, 
aiiKbt,  iv-los',  ovpioj',  iv're-on  ;  in  other  cases  it  is  like/, — 
e.g.,  AtvxaSCa  (Leucadia)  is  pronounced  lef-ki-THee'i. 

26.  *  <f)  (phi)  is  equivalent  to  our/. 

27.  X  X  (chi)  is  similar  to  ch  in  German. 

28.  *  ^  (psi)  is  like  ps  in  English. 

Obs.  Recently  it  has  become  the  practice  to  give  all,  or 
nearly  all,  the  islands,  towns,  Ac,  of  modern  Greece  their 
ancient  names ;  and  it  is  probable  that  at  no  distant  period 
such  modern  corruptions  as  Theaki  for  Ithaca,  Scio  for 
Chios,  may  be  regarded  as  obsolete.  But,  as  the  modern 
names  are  employed  in  nearly  all  our  books  on  geography, 
and  in  the  writings  of  the  English  travellers  and  poets,  it 
has  been  thought  proper  in  a  work  like  the  present,  which 
is  intended  for  popular  use,  to  assign  to  them  their  accus- 
tomed place. 

HUNGARIAN. 
XIX. 

1.  A,  unaccented,  is  like  o  in  not;  with  an  accent  {d),  it 
has  the  sound  of  a  in  far,  and  is  always  long ;  thus,  Aba 
XJyv&T,  the  name  of  a  town,  is  pronounced  6b-6h  oo-e  v&b. 

2.  E,  unaccented,  is  like  e  in  met ;  with  an  accent  (^),t 
it  has  a  sound  intermediate  between  e  in  met  and  t  in  pit, 
but  more  prolonged. 

3.  /,  and  y  when  a  vowel,  are  similar  to  e  in  me,  or  t  in 

4.  0,  without  an  accent,  is  the  same  as  in  English ;  when 
accented  (rf),t  it  has  a  longer  and  deeper  sound. 

5.  U,  without  an  accent,  is  like  oo  in  English ;  with  the 
accent  (<I),t  its  sound  is  fuller  and  deeper. 

6.  Oe  or  o,  and  U,  are  the  same  as  in  German, 

7.  The  consonants  6,  d,/,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  t,  v,  t  are  like 
the  English. 


t  The  peculiarity  of  these  sounds  cannot  be  indicated  by  English 
letters ;  in  giving  the  pronunciation  of  Hungarian  names,  we  hava 
merely  distinguished  them  as  being  long. 

17 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


8.  C  is  not  used  without  being  joined  with  some  other 
eonsonant ;  c»  is  sounded  like  ch  in  English ;  cz  like  («. 

9.  G,  except  when  followed  by  j  or  y,  is  always  hard,  as 
in  the  English  word  get.     Oh  sounds  like  a  simple  g. 

10.  J  is  usually  like  e  in  English ;  uj  is  .pronounced  oo-e. 
Dj  and  gj  are  equivalent  to  dy  and  gy,  and  tj  to  ty.  (See 
16,  17,  and  20  of  this  Section.) 

11.  .Sis  like  the  German ;  in  other  words,  it  is  to  be  trilled 
more  strongly  than  the  English. 

12.  S  is  like  the  English  sh. 

13.  Sa  is  like  «  sharp,  or  si. 

14.  Ta  is  equivalent  to  cs,  or  ch  in  English. 

15.  Tz  is  like  c«,  or  ts  in  English. 

18.  T,  in  Hungarian,  is  nearly  always  a  consonant. 
When  it  follows  d,  g,  I,  n,  and  t,  it  seems  to  be  blended 
with  these  letters,  so  as  to  form  but  one  consonant  sound. 

17.  JDy  and  gry  are  alike.  Jfagryor  is  pronounced  m5d-y5R. 

18.  Ly  is  like  I  in  Spanish,  or  Hi  in  the  English  word 
million.     VisSrhely   is  pronounced  in   three  syllables — 

V&-8h&R-hM. 

19.  Ny  is  like  the  Spanish  K,  or  ni  in  minion.  Mfirtony 
is  pronounced  in  two  syllables — m8.R-toS. 

20.  Ty  approximates  the  sound  of  our  ch,  bearing  the 
same  relation  to  t  that  dy  does  to  d. 

21.  Z»  sounds  like  the  French  y,  or  zh  in  English. 

Obs.  The  Hungarian  language  cannot  be  said  to  have 
any  accent,  in  the  sense  in  which  we  employ  this  term :  the 
syllables  of  words,  however,  are  distinguished  from  each 
other  by  quantity.  As  quantity  in  Latin  and  Greek  is  con- 
verted into  accent  by  the  usage  of  English  pronunciation, 
so,  in  giving  Hungarian  names,  we  have  aimed  to  place, 
as  far  as  practicable,  the  accent  according  to  the  quantity, — 
e.g.,  Csongrid,  chon^gr|,d' ;  or  else  according  to  the  mode 
adopted  with  regard  to  French  names, — that  of  placing  the 
accent  (with  few  exceptions)  on  every  syllable.  This  plan, 
though  perhaps  open  to  some  objections,  has  appeared  to 
be,  on  the  whole,  the  best  that  can  be  adopted. 

ITALIAN. 
XX. 

1.  A,  in  Italian,  is  like  the  English  a  in  far,  though 
its  sound  varies  somewhat  in  diflferent  situations.* 

2.  Ehas  two  sounds:  (1)  cloee,  as  a  m  fate ;  (2)  open, 
like  e  in  met. 

3.  /  is  like  e  in  me,  or  i  in  fig. 

4.  0  has  two  sounds:  (1)  doge,  as  in  note;  (2)  open, 
similar  to  o  in  not,  but  rather  broader. 

5.  U\a  like  oo  in  English. 

6.  Ai  and  ou,  in  Italian,  are  proper  diphthongs.  (See 
XVII.  13,  Obs.)  Accordingly,  Cairo  is  to  be  pronounced 
ki'-ro,  and  AcsA,  5w'-si,  Ac. 

7.  The  consonants  I,  d,  f,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  e,  t,  and  v  are 
similar  to  the  English. 

Obs.  K,  w,  x,  and  y  are  not  used  by  the  Italians,  except 
in  spelling  foreign  names. 

8.  0  and  cc,  before  a,  o,  u,  are  sounded  like  k ;  before 
e,  t,  and  y,  like  ch  or  tah. 

Obs.  Cc  should  be  pronounced  more  strongly  than  a  single 
c.  This  remark  will  apply  to  all  double  letters  in  Italian, 
as  well  as  in  most  other  languages. 

9.  As  c,  when  immediately  before  a,  o,  or  u,  is  never 
pronounced  like  ch,  in  order  to  express  this  sound  in  such 

•  There  are  a  number  of  niceties  in  Italian  pronunciation,  which 
however  interesting  to  a  thorough  linguist,  cannot  properly  be 
noticed  in  a  work  like  the  present.  The  difficulty  of  giving  a  brief, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  a  satisfactory  exposition  of  the  principles 
of  this  language  is  increased  by  the  existence  of  different  dialects 
in  different  parts  of  Italy.  It  has  been  deemed  sufficient,  in  this 
synopsis,  merely  to  explain  those  principles  of  pronunciation  which 
appear  to  be  recognized  by  the  Italians  generally. 

18 


cases  the  vowel  t  is  inserted;  thus,  cia,  do,  oiu  are  pro- 
nounced ch&,  cho,  choo.  (See  table  at  the  end  of  this 
Section.) 

10.  Ch  is  employed  to  express  the  sound  of  k  before  « 
and  i. 

11.  0,  before  a,  o,  and  m,  is  hard,  as  in  the  English  word 
get;  before  e,  i,  and  y  it  sounds  like  the  English  J;  gia, 
gio,  giu  are  pronounced  ji,  jo,  joo.  (See  table  at  the  end 
of  this  Section.) 

12.  Qh  is  used  to  express  the  sound  of  hard  g,  before  • 
and  i. 

13.  Gli  has  the  sound  of  the  liquid  I  (I),  or,  of  lli  in 
million  ;  thus  Boglio  is  pronounced  hole'-yo,  or  b6l'-yo. 

14.  On  has  the  same  sound  as  in  French ;  or,  in  other 
words,  is  like  the  Spanish  H, — e.g.,  Bologna  is  pronounced 
bo-l6n'-yi  (bo-lone' -yi). 

15.  H  is  never  sounded  in  Italian. 

16.  J,  at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable,  is  like  the  English 
y  (consonant) ;  at  the  end  of  a  word  it  is  equivalent  to  ii 
(Italian). 

17.  R  resembles  the  French,  but  is  trilled  somewhat 
more  strongly.     (See  XVI.  24.) 

18.  Sc,  before  e  and  t,  is  like  the  English  ah, — e.g.,  SciO 
is  pronounced  Shee'-o. 

19.  Z  commonly  has  the  sound  of  da  in  English ;  zx  ia 
pronounced  like  te. 

The  following  table  will  perhaps  enable  the  reader  more 
readily  to  understand  the  mode  in  which  c  and  ch,  g  and 
gh  are  employed  by  the  Italians  : 


ca 

is  pronounced 

k&. 

ga 

is  pronounced 

ga. 

che 

« 

« 

k&. 

ghe 

gi. 

chi 

(< 

« 

ke. 

ghi 

ghe 

CO 

« 

« 

ko. 

go 

go- 

CU 

<t 

« 

koo. 

g" 

goo. 

cia 

« 

« 

ch& 

gia 

ji. 

ce 

(( 

(( 

chi. 

ge 

ji. 

ci 

u 

« 

che. 

gi 

je. 

cio 

« 

« 

cho. 

gio 

jo. 

ciu 

« 

« 

choo. 

giu 

joo. 

Obs.  1.  In  Italian,  the  accent  of  words  ending  in  a  vowel 
is  usually  uu  the  penultima;  but  to  this  general  rule  there 
are  many  exceptions. 

Obs.  2.  It  may  be  observed  that,  in  consequence  of  the 
position  of  Italy,  and  its  former  extensive  and  intimate 
commercial  relations  with  the  Levant,  a  great  number  of 
the  geographical  names  of  Greece,  Syria,  and  Egypt,  as 
well  as  many  of  thOse  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, are  written  in  the  Italian  mode,  and  should  be 
pronounced  according  to  the  principles  of  this  language, — 
e.g.,  Corfu,  Tripolizza,  Scio,  Jaffa,  Cairo,  Ac. 


NORWEGIAN. 

XXI. 

As  a  written  language,  the  Norwegian  may  be  said  to  b« 
identical  with  the  Danish,  since  not  only  the  grammar,  but, 
with  very  few  exceptions,  the  words  of  both  are  precisely 
the  same.  In  pronunciation,  however,  the  Norwegians 
differ  widely  from  the  Danes,  while  these,  again,  differ  con- 
siderably among  themselves.  Under  Section  XIV.  we  have 
given  the  elements  of  Danish  pronunciation,  as  the  lan- 
guage is  spoken  by  the  educated  classes  in  Copenhagen. 
The  principal  points  of  difference  between  this  and  the 
Norwegian  appear  to  be  the  following:  (1)  d,  in  the  latter 
tongue,  always  has  its  proper  sound,  while  in  the  Danish 
it  is  often  pronounced  like  the  English  th ;  (2)  g,  at  the 
end  of  a  word,  in  Norwegian,  is  to  be  sounded  distinctly 
as  g  hard  in  English ;  (3)  e,  at  the  end  of  a  word,  always 
retains  its  distinct  sound ;  ou  is  like  the  Dutch  and  English 
ou,  or  like  ow. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


POLISH. 

XXII. 

1.  A  sounds  as  a  in  the  English  word /ar. 

2.  E,  without  an  accent,  like  «  in  met ;  with  an  accent 
(t),  like  •»  in/at«. 

3.  /  as  in  marine. 

4.  0,  unaccented,  as  in  note;  with  an  accent,  like  oo  in 
good,  or  dd. 

5.  U  is  like  oo  in  moon. 

6.  Y  resembles  e  in  me,  but  is  more  guttural,  being 
similar  to  i  in  pin. 

7.  The  consonants  h,  d,f,  g  (always  hard),  h,  k,  I,  m,  n, 
p,  •  (always  sharp),  t,  and  g  are  essentially  the  same  as  in 
English. 

8.  G  in  all  cases,  even  before  a  or  o,  sounds  like  ta  in 
English;  eg  is  equivalent  to  our  ch;  ch  is  like  the  Ger- 
man ch. 

9.  J  is  like  the  German,  being  equivalent  to  y  (conso- 
nant). 

10.  H  is  like  the  German. 

11.  W  is  similar  to  the  German,  resembling  our  v. 

12.  JV,  with  an  accent  over  it  (»»'),  sounds  like  the  Span- 
ish flC. 

13.  S,  marked  in  a  similar  manner  («'),  has  a  sound 
blending  that  of  «  and  y  (consonant).  S'c'  has  a  sound 
which  cannot  be  given  in  English :  its  nearest  approxima- 
tion in  our  language  is  sta. 

14.  S»  is  equivalent  to  ah  in  English. 

15.  Z,  with  a  point  over  it,  is  like  the  French  _;,  or  zh  in 
English. 

16.  Z,  with  an  accent  («'),  is  somewhat  similar  to  the 
above,  but  has  no  equivalent  in  our  language. 

Obs.  1.  The  accent  in  Polish  words  or  names  of  more  than 
one  syllable  is  always  on  the  penultima.  In  Russian,  how- 
ever, it  is  almost  always  on  the  last  syllable. 

Obs.  2.  The  sounds  of  the  letters  in  Slavonian,  Bohemian, 
and  Illyrian  correspond,  with  very  slight  exceptions,  to 
those  of  the  Polish  language. 

PORTUGUESE. 
XXIII. 

1.  The  Towels  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  y,  and  the  diphthongs  at, 
«y,  ««,*  are  essentially  the  same  as  in  Spanish. 

2.  Ac  is  pronounced  almost  dicng. 

3.  The  consonants  b,  d,  f,  I,  m,  n,  p,  a,  t,  v,  and  z  aro 
similar  to  the  English. 

4.  C  is  the  same  as  in  French,  differing  from  the  Eng- 
lish only  by  sometimes  having  the  cedilla. 

6.  Ch  is  the  same  as  in  French ;  or,  in  other  words,  is 
like  our  ah. 

6.  O  and  j  are  the  same  as  in  French.  (See  XVI  15 
and  17.) 

7.  B,  in  Portuguese,  is  always  silent.  When,  however, 
it  follows  I  or  n,  it  renders  these  letters  liquid;  thus,  Jilho 
(son)  is  pronounced  feel'-yo;  aenhora  (lady),  sane-yo'-ri,  &c. 

8.  M,  frequently,  and  n,  sometimes,  has  a  nasal  sound. 
Sam,  like  SAO,  is  pronounced  almost  aoung ;  alem  or  alen 
sounds  like  &-leng'. 

9.  Qu  is  pronounced  as  in  French,  the  m  in  this  case  not 
being  sounded. 

10.  B  is  like  the  French.     (See  XVI.  24.) 

11.  Z  is  sounded  like  ch  in  Portuguese,  or  ah  in  English. 
Obs.  In  Portuguese  the  general  rules  of  accentuation  are 

Ob^   M  ***  ^  ^**  '^^  *^®  Spanish  language.     (See  XXIV. 


•  Ei  and  ey  are  almost  the  same  as  in  Spanish,  but  have  a  sound 
■ometimei  approaching  to  the  English  long  i. 


RUSSIAN. 
As  the  Russians  neither  employ  Roman  characters,  nor 
those  which  can  be  readily  converted  into  corresponding 
Roman  letters,  we  have,  in  writing  the  geographical  names 
of  Russia,  followed  the  mode  adopted  with  respect  to  Ori- 
ental names.     (See  XI.  and  XII.  j  also,  XXII.  Obs.  1.) 

SPANISH. 
XXIV. 

1.  The  Spanish  a  sounds  as  in  the  English  word  /ar ; 
e  like  a  in  ale ;  i  like  e  in  mete  ;  o  as  in  English ;  u  like 
00  ;  and  y  like  Spanish  i. 

2.  At  and  ay  are  like  long  i  in  English.  Au  sounds 
like  ou  in  ovr.  (See  XVII.  13,  Obs.)  Ei  and  ey  are  pro- 
nounced 4'-e. 

3.  The  consonants  /,  I  (single),  m,  n,  p,  a,  t,  and  v  aro 
pronounced  nearly  as  in  English. 

4.  B,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  sounds  as  in  English ; 
but  when  between  two  vowels,  its  sound  somewhat  resem- 
bles that  of  V,  but  with  this  difference, — v  is  pronounced 
with  the  upper  teeth  placed  against  the  under  lip,  while 
the  sound  of  the  Spanish  b  is  formed  by  bringing  the  lips 
loosely  or  feebly  into  contact.  This  sound  seems  to  be 
between  that  of  b  and  the  English  to.  It  is  represented 
by  B  or  V. 

5.  C,  before  a,  o,  and  u,  is  pronounced  as  in  English  ; 
before  e  and  i,  it  has  the  sound  of  th  in  the  word  thin.  In 
the  Catalan  dialect  it  is  the  same  as  in  English. 

6.  Ch  has  the  same  sound  as  in  English,  except  in  the 
dialect  of  Catalonia,  where  it  is  pronounced  like  ky, 

7.  J),  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  is  sounded  nearly  as 
in  English,  but  is  pronounced  with  the  tip  of  the  tongue 
against  the  upper  teeth,  while  in  pronouncing  the  English 
d,  the  tongue  is  made  to  touch  the  roof  of  the  mouth.  At 
the  end  of  a  syllable,  or  between  two  vowels,  d,  in  Spanish, 
sounds  like  the  English  th  in  thia,  but  is  somewhat  softer. 
This  sound  is  usually  represented,  in  the  present  work,  by 
a  small  capital  D. 

8.  0,  before  a,  o,  and  u,  is  hard,  as  in  English. 

9.  G,  before  e  and  t,  and  j  before  every  vowel,  are  pro- 
nounced like  a  strong  guttural  h,  similar  to  the  German  ch 
in  ach.  This  sound  is  indicated  by  h,  distinguished  as  a 
small  capital. 

10.  Oiia  and  ^t«o  sound  somewhat  like  gwi,  gwo,  but  the 
g  is  so  soft  that  it  is  scarcely  perceived ;  so  that  in  these 
cases  the  sound  of  gu  seems  to  approximate  very  nearly  to 
that  of  the  English  to.  Ou,  before  e  and  i,  is  usually 
sounded  like  g  hard ;  thus,  Guiana  is  pronounced  ghe-&'-n&. 
When,  however,  the  u  is  marked  with  a  diaeresis,  thus,  giii, 
these  two  letters  have  the  same  sound  as  when  before  a  or 
o,  and  consequently  giii  is  pronounced  gwe  or  toe.  (See 
table  at  the  end  of  this  Section.) 

11.  H,  in  Spanish,  is  never  pronounced,  except  in  words 
beginning  with  hue,  and  then  very  slightly. 

12.  J:  for  this  letter,  see  9  and  18  of  this  Section. 

13.  LI  (now  sometimes  written  I)  has  a  sound  which 
combines  that  of  I  and  y  (consonant),  and  is  similar  to  the 
liquid  I  in  French, — e.g.,  villa  or  vda  is  pronounced  veel'-yi; 
Llerena,  lyi-r4'-ni. 

14.  St,  in  similar  manner,  unites  the  sounds  of  *i  and  y, 
and  is  like  gn  in  French ;  thus,  petta  is  pronouncea  p^n'-yi, 
or  pine'-yi. 

15.  Q,  in  Spanish,  is  always  followed  by  t<.  Qu,  before 
a  and  o,  is  sounded  as  in  English,  or,  in  other  words,  is 
equivalent  to  kw ;  before  e  and  t,  it  is  pronounced  like  k 
unless  the  w  be  marked  with  a  diaeresis,  in  which  case  it  iB 
like  ku>.     (See  table  at  the  end  of  this  Section.) 

19 


INTEODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


16.  R  is  similar  to  the  French,  but  is  trilled  more 
strongly.     (See  XVI.  24.) 

17.  7  is  to  be  pronounced  by  putting  the  tip  of  the  tongue 
against  the  upper  teeth. 

18.  X  is  usually  sounded  like  the  Spanish  j,  which  letter, 
according  to  the  present  mode  of  spelling,  has  been  gener- 
ally substituted  for  it;  thus,  instead  of  the  old  spelling, 
XiHEKES,  XucAR,  Ac,  we  uow  see  Jimenei,  Jucar,  Ac.  X, 
before  a  consonant,  or  before  a  vowel  marked  with  this 
sign  A,  is  sounded  as  in  English:  Example — Exterior, 
Exdminar. 

19.  Z  is  to  be  pronounced  like  th  in  thin. 

The  following  table  may  serve  to  show  more  clearly  the 
manner  in  which  c,  g,  j,  q,  x,  and  x  are  used  in  Spanish. 


oa 

que 

qui 

eo 

cu 


is  pronounced 


ka,. 

k&. 
ke. 
ko. 
koo. 

ga  is  pronounced  g&. 

gue       "  "  gi. 

gui        "  "  ghe. 

go         "  "  go. 

gu         "  "  goo. 

ja  or  za  is  pron'ced  Hi. 
je,  xe,  or  ge  "  "  ni. 
ji,  xi,  or  gi  "  "  He. 
jo  or  xo  "  "  HO. 
in  or  xu        "        "     Hoo. 


oua  or  qua  is  pron'ced  qui. 
cue  or  qiie  "  "  qui. 
oui  or  qiii  "  "  que. 
ouo  or  quo     "        "    quo. 

gua  is  pron'ced  gw&  or  w&. 
gUe  "  "  gwi  or  wi. 
gui  "  "  gwe  or  we. 
guo     "        "    gwo  or  wo. 

za  is  pronounced  thS,. 
ze  or  ce     "  "     thi. 

zi  or  ci      "  "      the. 

zo  "  "     tho. 

zu  "  "     thoo. 


Obs.  1.  Spanish  words  or  names  ending  in  a  consonant 
have  the  accent  almost  always  on  the  last  syllable :  those 
ending  in  a  vowel  are  generally  accentuated  on  the  penul- 
tima.  If  a  word  or  name  be  an  exception  to  either  of  these 
rules,  in  correctly  printed  Spanish  works  the  accent  is 
usually  marked;  as  C6rdova,  Alcala,  Jucar,  Caceres. 
It  should  be  observed  that  the  «  in  the  plural  does  not 
change  the  accent;  hence,  casas,  "houses,"  though  ending 
in  a  consonant,  has  the  penultimate  accent  as  well  as  casa, 
"a  house." 

Obs.  2.  The  Spanish  language,  as  spoken  in  Mexico  and 
South  America,  differs  in  some  points  materially  from  the 
true  Spanish.  Thus,  z  (and  c,  before  e  and  i),  instead  of 
having  the  sound  of  th,  are  generally  pronounced  like  «. 
Among  the  uneducated  classes,  II  is  universally  sounded 
like  y  ;  thus,  gallo  is  pronounced  almost  gi'-yo. 

SWEDISH. 
XXV. 

1.  The  vowels  a,  e,  t,  o,  and  o  are  similar  to  the  German, 

2.  A.  sounds  like  the  English  o.     Lulei  is  pronounced 
loo'-li-o ;  Torne&,  tor'-ni-o,  Ac. 

3.  0,  at  the  end  of  a  syllable,  is  like  our  oo ;  in  other 
cases,  like  o  in  not. 

4.  TJ  appears  to  blend  the  sounds  of  short  e  and  of  oo, 
being  somewhat  similar  to  fi'-oo.    It  has  been  represented, 

in  the  present  work,  by  oo,  this  sound  being  the  nearest  to 
It  of  any  in  our  language. 


5.  Y  is  the  same  as  in  Danish ;  or,  in  other  wordi,  if 
similar  to  the  French  u. 

6.  The  Swedish  consonants  are,  for  the  most  part,  pro- 
nounced like  the  English,  with  the  exception  of  j,  and  g 
(before  e,  i,  a,  o,  and  u),  which  are  equivalent  to  j/  conso- 
nant, and  of  z,  which  sounds  like  t*. 

7.  J^' sounds  like  the  English  ch  in  child;  thus,  Kjoping 
(written  also  simply  K'dping)  is  pronounced  chbp'-ing. 

WELSH. 
XXVL 

1.  A  is  pronounced  as  in  the  English  word  far,  and 
sometimes  as  in  /at.  When  circumflexed,  it  has  the  same 
sound  as  in/a(«. 

2.  E  sounds  as  in  met ;  when  circumflexed,  as  in  bear 
/Ste, 

3.  /  sounds  as  in  Jig,  or  marine. 

4.  O,  with  an  acute  accent,  as  o  in  gone  /  when  ciroum« 
flexed,  as  in  note. 

5.  U  has  the  sound  of  t  in  pin ;  circumflexed,  as  ee  ic 
eeen. 

6.  W  sounds  like  the  English  oo. 

7.  Y,  in  the  penultima,  or  antepenultima,  has  the  sound 
of  M  in  fur  or  tub  ;  in  the  final  syllable,  or  in  a  monosyl- 
lable, it  sounds  as  in  pin  ;  when  circumflexed,  it  is  like  ee. 
The  English  word  sundry  will  serve  to  exemplify  its  sound, 
both  in  the  penultima  and  ultima. 

8.  The  Welsh  diphthongs  may  all  be  said  to  be  proper. 
At  sounds  like  long  {  in  English ;  aw,  like  ow,  as  in  now  ; 
uw,  like  e-oo,  or  u,  Ac. 

9.  The  consonants  b,  d,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  r,  i,  t,  are  the 
same  as  in  English.  * 

10.  C7i8  always  hard,  like  k. 

11.  F  (single)  is  like  our  v. 

12.  O  is  always  hard,  as  in  get. 

13.  Ch  is  similar  to  the  German  ch,  or  to  the  Greek  x- 

14.  Dd  has  the  sound  of  th  in  thi$. 

15.  F/ia  like  the  English/. 

16.  LI  is  I  aspirated,  and  has  no  equivalent  in  English. 
It  bears  a  resemblance  (though  somewhat  remote)  to  the 
sound  of  thl.  "  It  is  pronounced  by  fixing  the  tip  of  the 
tongue  to  the  roof  of  the  mouth  and  breathing  forcibly 
through  the  jaw-teeth  on  both  sides,  but  more  on  the  right, 
as  if  written  in  English  llh."  This  sound  (except  at  the 
beginning  of  names)  is  usually  anglicized  by  thl, — e.g., 
Llanellt,  lan-eth'-lee,  Llangollen,  lan-goth'-len,  Ac. 

17.  Ph  is  the  same  as  in  English,  or  like/. 

18.  Th,  in  Welsh,  is  the  same  as  in  the  English  words 
thin,  mouth,  Ac. 

Obs.  The  accent,  in  all  Welsh  words,  is  either  on  the  < 
penultima  or  on  the  last  syllable — never  on  the  antepenul- 
tima. 


TABLES  OF  POPULATION 

COMPILED  AND  ARRANGED  FOB 

LIPPINCOTT'S  GAZETTEER  OF  THE  WORLD. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS 

OF  THE  WORLD. 

AREA  AND  AGGREGATE  POPULATION,  AND  POPULATION  PER  SQUARE  MILE,  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 

NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  WORLD,  ACCORDING  TO  THE  LATEST 

CENSUS  RETURNS,  OR  AS  ESTIMATED  BY  THE  BEST  AUTHORITIES. 


On  the  basis  of  Dr.  Fetermann's  ' 


Bevolkerung  der  Erde"  ["  Population  of  the  Earth"]  of  1891,  with  revisions,  and  additions 
from  official  and  unofficial  sources. 


CONTINENTS. 


Names  of  continents. 


America,  North 

America,  South 

Europe 

Asia 

Africa 

Australia 

OCEAJ^  ....  0'0.<*mO»-g»-/ 
Polar  Regions 

Total  of  the  world  .   .   . 


Date  of 
estimate. 


1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 


Area  in 
square  miles. 


8,892,000 

6,800,000 

3,756,703 

17,034,972 

11,276,873 

2,971,323 

733,089 

1,730,741 


53,195,701 


Population. 


88,370,200 

33,342,700 

357,390,000 

825,954,000 

163,953,000 

3,230,000 

7,420,000 

80,400 


1,479,740,300 


Pop.  per 
square  mile. 


9.93 

4.9 
95.6 
48.4 
14.5 

1.1 
10.1 

0.04 


27.81 


MINOR  NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 

Abbreviations.— ^/r..  Africa;  ^roft.,  Arabia :  .4W.  Ocn.,  Atlantic  Ocean ;  .<4ms<.,  Austria ;  .4M«<.-fl«nsr.,  Austria-Hungary ; 
Austria.,  Australia;  Brit.  Am.,  British  America;  Brit.  Ind.,  British  India;  Cen.,  Central;  Cen.  Air.,  Central  Africa;  Cen.  Asia, 
Central  Asia;  Dom.  Can.,  Dominion  of  Canada;  E.  Afr.,  East  Africa:  E.  Ind.,  East  Indies;  Eur.,  Europe;  Oer.,  Germany; 
Gt.  Brit.,  Great  Britain ;  Bung.,  Hungary ;  Ind.,  India;  Ind.  Ocn.,  Indian  Ocean ;  Med.  Sea,  Mediterranean  Sea;  N.  Am.,  North 
America;  Pac.  Ocn.,  Pacific  Ocean;  Pniss.,  Prussia;  Russ.,  Russia;  S.  Afr.,  South  Africa;  S.Am.,  South  America;  Scot., 
Scotland;  t/.S..^.,  United  States  of  America;  IT.  4/r.,  West  Africa;  >F. /no.,  West  Indies. 


Names  of  minor  divisions 
of  tl»e  world. 


Abyssinia,  A/r 

Aden  &  Penm,  Arab 

Afghanistan,  Asia 

Africa,  German  East 

Africa, German  Southwest 

Africa,  German  West 

Agra,  Brit.  Ind 

Auneer,  Brit.  Ind 

Alabama,  U.S.A 

Alaska,  U.S.A 

Allahabad,  Brit.  Ind 

Alberta,  Dom.  Can 

Algeria,  Afr 

Alsace-Lorraine,  Oer 

Andaman    Islands,    Ind. 

Ocn 

Andorra,  Eur 

Angola,  W.  Afr 

Anhalt,  Ger 

Annam,  Asia 

Arabia,  Ana 

Arctic  America,  N.  Am 

Argentine  Republic,  S.Am 

Anzona,  U.S.A 

Arkansas,  U.S.A 


Date. 

Area  in 
sq.  miles. 

Population. 

Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 

1889 

196,000 

4,500,000 

23. 

1891 

75 

41,910 

599. 

1885 

212,355 

4,000,000 

19. 

1890 

345,000 

1,760,000 

5. 

1890 

312,000 

250,000 

0.70 

1890 

146,000 

3,100,000 

21.2 

1891 

9,020 

4,767,720 

528.5 

1891 

2,661 

541,890 

200. 

1890 

52,2.50 

1,513,017 

29. 

189<J 

570,000 

31,795 

0.06 

1891 

13,746 

5,942,900 

432.3 

1891 

106,100 

26,123 

0.24 

1891 

184,520 

4,124,732 

22.35 

1890 

5,603 

1,603,987 

286.27 

1890 

1,760 

20,000 

11.37 

1890 

150 

12,000 

80. 

1886 

600,000 

11,060,000 

18. 

1890 

906 

271,759 

245. 

1890 

27,020 

5,000,000 

185. 

1890 

1,230,000 

5,000,000 

4.1 

1890 

50,610 

1,000 

0.02 

1887 

1,125,000 

4,046,654 

3.6 

1890 

U3,020 

59,620 

0.52 

1890 

53,850 

1,128,179 

20.95 

Names  of  minor  divisions 
of  the  world. 


Assam,  Brit.  Ind 

Assiniboia,  Dom.  Can 

Australia 

Austria,  Aust.-Hung 

Austria-Hungary,  Eur 

Azores  Islands,  Eur 

Baden,  Oer 

Baghirmi,  Oen.  Afr 

Bahama  Islands,  N.Am... 

Bahar,  Brit.  Ind 

Barbadoes  Island,  W.  Ind. 

Basutoland,  S.  Afr 

Bavaria,  Ger 

Bechuanaland,  S.  Afr 

Bechuanaland,  British,  S. 

Afr 

Belgium,  Eur 

Beloochistan,  Asia 

Benares,  Brii.  Ind 

Bengal,  Ind 

Bengal,  Brit.  Ind 

Berar,  Brit.  Ind 

Bermuda  Islands,  N.  Am.. 

Bohemia,  Avsl 

Bokhara,  Asia 


Date. 


st^^llPoP"'""-' 


1891 

1891 

1891  2, 

1890 

1890 

1881 

1890 

1890 

1881 

1891 

1891 

1891 

1890 

1891 

1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1891 


46,341 

89,535 

984,827 

115,823 

240,942 

922 

5,820 

20,000 

5,390 

42,417 

166 

9,720 

29,292 

170,000 

51,000 
11,873 

121,600 
18,314 

194,417 

84,198 

17,500 

20 

20,060 

100,000 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


5,424,190 

30,286 

8,033,166 

23,835,261 

41,345,118 

269,400 

1,666,817 

70,000 

43,521 

24,284,370 

182,822 

218,902 

5,689,882 

180,000 

62,726 

6,147,041 

450,000 

10,682,190 

70,909,260 

38,114,280 

2,896,670  j 

15,884 
5,843,094 
1,250,000  I 

21 


117. 
0.34 
1.35 

205.79 

171. 

287. 

284.68 
8.5 
8.07 

872.5 
1158.56 
22.62 

190.82 
L 

1.23 
M0.5 

3.7 
580. 
869.87 
452.67 
164. 
794.2 
291.28 
12.5 


AREA  AND  POPULATION   OF  THE   DIVISIONS   OF  THE  WORLD. 


MINOR  NATURAL  AND   POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 


Karnes  of  miDor  divisions 
of  the  world. 


Bolivia,  S.  Am 

Bombay,  Brit.  Ind 

Bootaii,^8ta 

Borneo,  British,  Asia 

Borneo,  Dutch,  Asia 

Borneo  Island.  Asia 

Bornoo,  Cen.  Afr 

Bosnia  and  Herzegovina, 

Eur 

Brahmapootra,  Brit.  Ind... 

Brazil,  S.  Am 

Bremen,  Ger 

British  Burmah,  l7id 

British    Columbia,    Dom. 

Can 

British  Empire 

British  Guiana,  S.  Am 

Brunswick,  Oer 

Bukowina,  Atist 

Bulgaria,  £Mr 

Bulti,  Asia 

Burmah,  Asia 

California,  U.S.A 

Cambodia,  Asia 

Cameroons,  W.  Afr 

Canada,  Dominion  of,  A'. 

Am 

Canary'Islands,  Afr 

Cape  Colony,  S.  Afr 

Cape  Verd  Islands,  Afr 

Carinthia,  Aust 

Carniola,  Aust 

Cashmere,  Asia 

Celebes  Islands,  Asia 

Ceylon,  Asia 

Chili,  !S.  Am 

China,  Asia 

Chinese  Empire,  .4«a 

Chiwa,  Cen.  Asia 

Chuta-Nagpoor,  Brit.  Ind. 

Colombia,  S.  Am 

Colorado,  U.S.A 

Comoro  Isles,  Fr.  S.  Afr.... 

Congo,  French,  W.  Afr 

Congo  Free  State,  Afr 

Connaught,  Ireland 

Connecticut,  U.S.A 

Coorg,  Brit.  Lid 

Corea,  Asia 

Corsica,  Eur 

Costa  Rica,  N.  Am 

Crete,  Med.  Sea 

Croatia  and  Slavouia,4Ms< 

Cuba,  W.  Ind 

Cyclades  Islands,  Greece... 

Cyprus,  Eur 

Danomey,  Afr 

Dalmatia,  Au^t 

Delaware,  U.S.A 

Denmark,  Eur 

Dist.  of  Columbia,  U.S.A... 

Dominica.  W.  Ind 

Dutch  East  Indies,  Asia... 

Dutch  Guiana,  S.  Am 

Ea.stern  Roumelia,  Eur..... 
East  Griqualand,  Brit.  S. 

Afr 

Ecuador,  S.  Am 

Egypt.  A.fr 

England,  Eur 

Faizabad,  Brit.  Ind 

Falkland    Islands,   South 

AU.  Ocn 

Faroe  Islands,  North  Atl. 

Ocn 

Fiji  Islands,  Australasia. 

Finland,  Rv^s 

Florida,  U.S.A 

Formosa,  Asia 

France,  Eur 

French      Cochin  -  China, 

Asia 

French  Congo,  Afr 

French  Guiana,  S.  Am.. 
French  Guinea,  W.  Afr 

French  India,  Asia 

French  Indo-China.  Asia.. 
French  Oceania,  S.  Pac. 

Ocn ^ 

French  Soudan,  Afr. 

Galicia,  Aust 

Galicia,  Spam 

Gambia  (Proper),  Afr 

Gambia  Colony,  Afr 

Georgia,  U.S.A 

Georgia,  Asia 

German  Colonies,  E.  Afr... 

22 


Date 


1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1888 
1888 
1890 

1890 
1891 
1888 
1890 
1891 

1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 

1891 
1884 
1891 
1885 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1888 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1886 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1885 
1890 
1890 
1889 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1889 
1888 
1888 

1891 
1890 

1882 
1891 
1891 

1891 

1890 
1891 
1889 
1890 
1890 
1891 

1888 
1890 
1888 
1891 
1888 
1888 

1889 
1890 
1890 
1887 
1891 
1891 
1800 
1887 
1890 


Area  In 
sq.  miles. 


7&1,554 
125,394 
16,000 
81,106 
203,714 
285,000 
50,000 

24,000 

20,941 

3,209,878 

97 

156,142 

383,800 
,043,225 

85,422 
1,425 
4,035 

37,860 

12,000 
190,521 
158,360 

32,250 
130,000 

,456,383 

2,980 

221,311 

1,680 

4,005 

3,&56 

77,900 

71,791 

24,700 

293,970 

,546,583 

,291,756 

23,100 

26,966 

533,238 

103,925 

800 

250,000 

,056,200 

6,8<)7 

4,990 

2,000 

91,423 

3,377 

21,495 

2,949 

16,773 

.  43,319 

923 

3,584 

4,000 

4,940 

2,050 

14,553 

70 

291 

719,674 

49,846 

12,934 

7,594 

118,630 

361,120 

50,823 

7,671 

7,500 

514 

7,740 

144,222 

58,680 

14,982 

207,107 

23,082 
250,000 

27,560 

550,000 

203 

123,400 

9,165 

284,000 

30,307 

10,876 

70 

2,700 

59,475 

28,800 

345,000 


Population. 

Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 

2,333,350 

2.96 

18,826,820 

150. 

32,000 

2. 

175,000 

5.63 

1,164,000 

5.71 

1,740,000 

6. 

5,000,000 

100. 

1,148,517 

47. 

2,441,11  iO 

116.6 

14,002,335 

4.36 

180,143 

1840. 

7,554,410 

47.4 

92,767 

0.22 

330,574,300 

36.55 

284,887 

3.2 

403,788 

2.84 

646,591 

160. 

3,154,375 

84.5 

75,000 

6.25 

4,000,000 

21.9 

1,208,130 

7.5 

1,020,000 

31.7 

2,600,000 

20. 

4,829,411 

1.1 

304,326 

102.12 

1,527,224 

6.7 

110,926 

6(). 

361,008 

91. 

4 'J8, 958 

129. 

2,516,740 

32.4 

819,197 

11.82 

3,008,239 

121.8 

2,766,747 

9.41 

360,000,000 

226.3 

361,000,000 

84.1 

500,000 

00 

4,645,590 

170.2 

3,878,600 

7.2 

412,198 

3.96 

47,000 

58.75 

6,900,000 

272. 

35,000,000 

33.1 

723,573 

105.3 

746,258 

149.5 

172, 6:«) 

86.32 

8,595,750 

94. 

288,596 

85.4 

238,782 

11.1 

294,192 

99.7 

2,184,414 

130. 

1,500,000 

34.8 

132,020 

142. 

209,291 

58.3 

250,000 

62.5 

527,426 

106.7 

168,493 

82. 

2,185,159 

143.3 

230,392 

3291. 

29,000 

96.18 

29,765,031 

41.34 

66,037 

1.33 

%0,941 

74.3 

152,618 

20. 

1,004,651 

8.46 

6,818,000 

18.8 

27,482,104 

539.1 

3,682,960 

480. 

1,789 

0.2 

12,954 

25.2 

121,180 

15.66 

2,338,404 

16.1 

391,422 

6.68 

3,000,000 

200. 

38,343,192 

184.15 

1,991,500 

86.2 

6,900,000 

27.6 

25,796 

0.90 

467,549 

0.83 

280,303 

1381. 

16,250,000 

131.7 

92,995 

10.14 

2,860,000 

10. 

6,607,816 

218. 

1,883,962 

173.4 

14,266 

203. 

50,000 

18.5 

1,837,353 

31. 

1,100,000 

38.2 

1,760,000 

5.1 

Names  of  minor  divisions 
of  the  world. 


German  Colonies,  S.W.  Afr. 

Germany,  Eur 

Gold  Coast,  Brit.  W.  Afr.... 
Great  Britain  &  Ireland, 

Eur i 

Greece,  jEwr 

Greenland,  N.  Am 

Guadeloupe,  W.  Ind 

Guatemala,  N.  Am 

Hamburg,  Ger 

Hanover,  Pruss 

Hawaiian      Archipelago, 

Pac.  Ocn 

Hawaii  Island,  Pac.  Ocn... 

Hayti,  IV.  Ind 

Hedjaz,  Arab 

Hesse,  Ger 

Hondo  Island,  Japan 

Honduras,  N.  Am 

Honduras,  British,  N.  Am. 

Hong  Kong,  Asia 

Hungary,  Aust.-IIung 

Iceland,  Eiir 

Idaho,  U.S.A 

India,  British,  Asia 

India,  Feudatory,  Asia 

Illinois,  U.S.A 

Indiana,  U.S.A 

Indian  Territorj-,  U.S.A.... 

Iowa,  U.S.A 

Ireland,  Eur 

Isle  of  Man,  Gt.  Brit 

Italy,  £ur 

Jamaica,  W.  Ind 

Japan,  Asia 

Java,  Asia 

Jhansee,  Brit.  Ind 

Kansas,  U.S.A 

Kentucky,  U.S.A 

Kioosioo  Island,  Japan 

Khiva,  Asia 

Kumaon,  Brit.  Ind 

Labrador,  Brit.  Am 

Laccadive  Isles,  Brit.  Ind. 
Leeward  Islands,  W.  Ind.. 

Leinster,  Ireland 

Liberia,  W.  Afr 

Liechtenstein,  Ger 

Lippe.  Ger 

Louisiana,  U.S.A 

Lubeck,  Oer 

Lucknow,  Brit.  Ind 

Luxemburg,  Ger 

Madagascar,  Ind.  Ocn 

Madeira,  Afr 

Madras,  Brit.  Ind 

Elaine,  U.S.A 

Majorca  Island,  Med.  Sea.. 

Malta  Island,  Med.  Sea 

Manchooria.  Asia 

Manitoba,  Bom.  Can 

Martinique,  W.  Ind 

Maryland,  U.S.A 

Massachusetts,  U.S.A 

Matabeleland,  Brit.  S.  Afr. 

Maui  Island,  Hawaii 

Mauritius,  J/td.  Ocn 

Mecklenburg  -  Schwerin, 

Ger 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz.Ger. 

Meerut,  Brit.  Ind 

Melanesia  Islands,  Asia... 

Mexico,  N.  Am 

Michigan,  U.S.A 

Micronesia,  Pac.  Ocn 

Minnesota,  U.S.A 

Minorca  Island,  Med.  Sea.. 

Mississippi,  U.S.A 

Missouri,  U.S.A 

Moldavia,  Eur 

Molucca  Islands,  Dutch  E. 

Ind 

Monaco,  Eur 

Mongolia,  Asia 

Montana,  U.S.A 

Montenegro,  Eur 

Moravia,  Aust 

Morocco,  Afr 

Mozambique,  Afr 

Munster,  Ireland 

Mysore,  Brit.  Ind 

Natal,  Afr 

Nebraska,  U.S.A 

Nepaul,  Asia 

Netherlands,  Eur 

Nevada,  U.S.A 

New  Brunswick,  Dom.Can 


Date. 

Area  in 
sq.  miles. 

Population. 

Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 

1890 

342,000 

250,000 

0.70 

1890 

208,434 

49,421,803 

237.1 

189U 

46,600 

1,905,000 

40.87 

1891 

121,481 

37,888,153 

312.  : 

1889 

25,111 

2,219,389 

g8.4 

1888 

837,700 

10,221 

0.01 

1889 

722 

165,899 

229.7 

1889 

46,800 

1,460,017 

31.5 

1890 

157 

622,5a) 

3965. 

1890 

14,856 

2,278,361 

153.3 

1890 

7,629 

89,990 

11.79 

1890 

4,210 

26,753 

6.31 

1890 

9,232 

572,000 

61.9 

1890 

96,500 

2,500,000 

36. 

1890 

2,964 

993,6-59 

335.2 

1890 

87,485 

30,771,933 

351.7 

1889 

47,090 

431,917 

9.17 

1891 

7,560 

31,471 

4.16 

1891 

30 

221,441 

7381. 

1890 

108,258 

15,122,514 

139. 

1888 

39,543 

69,224 

1.74 

1890 

84,800 

84,385 

0.9 

1891 

944,108 

220,529,100 

234. 

1891 

642,996 

66,167,860 

111. 

1890 

56,650 

3,826,351 

67.5 

1890 

36,350 

2,192,404 

60.3 

1890 

3i,40(J 

186,490 

5.94 

1890 

56,025 

1,911,896 

»4.1 

1891 

32,583 

4,706,162 

144.4 

1891 

220 

55,598 

252.7 

1890 

114,296 

30,158,408 

263.9 

1891 

4,2-50 

639,491 

150. 

1890 

155,520 

40,072,020 

257. 

1889 

49,730 

23,000,000 

464.2 

1891 

6,134 

1,080,510 

159.8 

1890 

82,080 

1,427,096 

17.1 

18!K) 

40,400 

1,858,635 

46. 

1890 

16,840 

6,166,482 

366.18 

1890 

22,320 

700,000 

31.4 

1891 

11,500 

1,181,310 

103. 

1884 

450,000 

4,211 

0.01 

1891 

744 

14,410 

19.39 

1891 

701 

129,760 

185. 

1891 

7,622 

1,19-5,718 

156.8 

1891 

14,360 

1,068,000 

74.5 

1890 

68 

9,393 

138. 

1890 

438 

128,414 

293.2 

1890 

48,720 

1,118,587 

23. 

1890 

109 

76,485 

701.8 

1891 

4,441 

2,851,600 

642.1 

1890 

1,000 

211,088 

211. 

1891 

240,000 

3,520,000 

14.8 

1881 

505 

132,223 

261.8 

1891 

140,762 

35,591,440 

252.8 

1890 

33,040 

661,086 

20. 

1887 

1,420 

230,396 

162.2 

1889 

98 

165,662 

1690.4 

1890 

360,000 

7,000,000 

19. 

1891 

73,956 

154,442 

2.1 

1888 

380 

175,863 

462.7 

1890 

12,210 

1,042,390 

85. 

1890 

8,315 

2,238,943 

269.2 

1891 

100,000 

200,000 

2. 

1890 

760 
739 

17,357 

22.8 

1889 

372,664 

504. 

1890 

5,137 

578,565 

112.6 

1890 

1,131 

97,978 

86.6 

1891 

11,1.31 

5,324,910 

478.3 

1890 

56,330 

&12,300 

11.4 

1890 

741,313 

11,395,712 

15.3 

1890 

58,915 

2,093,889 

35.6 

1890 

1,367 

94,100 

69. 

1890 

83,365 

1,301,826 

15.6 

1890 

335 

40,000 

119. 

1890 

46,810 

1,289,600 

27.54 

1890 

69,415 

2,679,181 

38.7 

1890 

18,000 

1,500,000 

83.3 

1890 

42,420 

321,168 

7.57 

1890 

6 

13,304 

2217.3 

1890 

1,400,000 

2,000,000 

1.43 

1890 

146,080 

132,159 

0.9 

1890 

3,733 

236,000 

63.1 

1890 

8,583 

2,276,870 

264. 

1890 

313,630 

8,000,000 

25.5 

1890 

80,000 

600,000 

7.5 

1891 

9,481 

1,168,944 

123.3 

1891 

27,406 

4,914,110 

199. 

1891 

20,460 

543,913 

26.5 

1890 

77,510 

1,058,910 

13.66 

1891 

54,000 

3,000,000 

55.5 

1890 

12,680 

4,558,095 

359.5 

1890 

110,700 

45,761 

0.4 

1891 

28,200 

321,294 

12. 

AREA  AND  POPULATION   OF  THE  DIVISIONS   OF  THE   WORLD. 


MINOR  NATURAL   AND   POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 


Names  of  minor  diviBiuufl 
of  the  wor^d. 


Date. 


1889 
1884 
1888 
1890 
1887 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1890 

1891 
1891 
1889 
1891 
1890 
18U0 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 

1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 


New  Caledonia,  Oceania... 
Newfoundland,  Brit.  Am.. 

New  Guinea,  Pac.  Ocn 

New  Hampshire,  U.S.A 

New  Hebrides,  Pac.  Ocn... 

New  Jersey,  U.S.A 

New  Mexico,  U.S.A 

New  South  Wales,  Austria. 

New  York,  U.S.A 

New  Zealand,  Pac.  Ocn 

Nicaragua,  N.Am 

Nicobar  Islands,  Ind.  Ocn 

Niger  Territories,  Afr 

Nortli  Carolina,  U.S.A 

North  Dalcota,  U.S.A 

Nortli-West      Territories, 

Dom.  Can 

Norway.  Eur 

Nossi  Be  Island,  Ind.  Ocn. 

Nova  Scotia,  Dom.  Ca7i 

Oaha  Island,  Hawaii 

Obock.  E.  Afr 

Ohio.  U.S.A 

Oklahoma,  U.S.A 

Oldenburg,  Ger 

Oman,  Arabia 

Ontario,  Dom.  Can 

Orange   Free   State,  S.E. 

Afr 

Oregon,  U.S.A 

Orissa,  Brit.  Ind 

Orkney  Islands,  Scot 

Oude,  Brit.  Ind.. 

Pameer,  Asia 

Paraguay,  S.  Am 

Pennsylvania,  U.S.A 

Persia,  Asia 

Peru,  S.  Am 

Philippine  Islands,  l7id. 

Ocn I  

Piedmont,  Italy j  1889 

Pitcaim   Island,   S.  Pac.l 

Om 1 1890 

Polvnesia    Islands,    Pac.  I 

Ocn I  1888 

Porto  Rico,  W.  Ind !  1889 

Portugal,  Ettr i  1881 

Prince    Edward    Island,! 

Dom.  Can 1891 

Prussia,  Gei- 1890 

Punjab,  Brit.  Ind 1891 

Quebec,  Dom.  Can 1891 

Qtieensland,  Austria 1891 

Kajpootana,  Brit.  Ind 1891 

Reunion,  Did.  Oai 1889 

Reuss-Greitz,  Oer 1890 

Reuss-Schleitz,  Ger I  1890 

Rhode  Island,  U:S..4 1890 

Rohilcund,  Brit.  Did 1891 

Roumania,  Eur 1890 

Roy  Bareilly,  Brit.  Ind.....  1891 

Russia,  Eur 1888 

Russia,  Asia 1888 

Sahara,  A/r 1888 

Saint    Helena  Island,  S. 

Atl.  Oc7i 1891 

Saint  Lucia,  W.  Ind 1891 

Saint  Vincent.  IF.  Ind 1891 

Salvador,  N.Am 1888 

Salzburg,  Aust 1890 

Samoa,  4i.  Pac.  Ocn 1890 

Samos  Island,  Med.  Sea....  1890 

San  Marino,  Eur 1889 

Santo  Domingo,  W.  Ind...   1888 

Sardinia,  Med.  Sea 1890 

Saskatchewan,  Dtmi.  Can.  1891 

Saxe-Altenburg,  Ger 1890 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  Ger...  1890 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


6,000 

42,200 

211,952 

9,305 

5,110 

7,815 

122,580 

310,700 

49,170 

104,660 

49,500 

634 

500,000 

52,250 

70,795 

2,314,808 

124,495 

113 

20,600 

600 

3,860 

41,060 

39,030 

2,470 

82,000 

222,000 

50,463 

96,030 

8,172 

2,448 

24,246 

25,444 

98,000 

45,215 

635,135 

463,747 

114,360 
11,200 


6,732 

3,531 

34,470 

2,000 

134,292 

111,016 

228,900 

668,497 

129,750 

970 

122 

220 

1,250 

11,805 

50,500 

4,881 

2,060,940 

6,200,000 

2,386,000 

47 

248 

132 

7,255 

2,767 

1,700 

213 

22 

20,595 

9,399 

107,092 

510 

760 


Population. 

Pop.  per 
8q.  mile. 

62,752 

10.46 

19.3,121 

4.5 

837,000 

4. 

376,530 

40.3 

70,000 

13.68 

1,444,933 

184.8 

153,593 

1.24 

1,134,207 

3.65 

5,997,853 

122. 

626,830 

6. 

282,815 

5.7 

6,915 

10.96 

30,000,000 

60. 

1,617,947 

30.9 

182,719 

2.6 

99,722 

0.04 

1,988,997 

16. 

7,803 

69. 

450,523 

21.8 

31,194 

51.8 

22,370 

5.78 

3,672,316 

89.7 

61,834 

1.58 

354,968 

143.7 

1,500,000 

18. 

2,114,475 

9.49 

207,503 

4. 

313,767 

3.27 

3,865,020 

472.9 

30,438 

12.4 

12.652,730 

522. 

30,000 

1.2 

370,753 

3.78 

5,258,014 

117.4 

7,500,000 

12. 

2,621,844 

5.65 

7,000,000 

61.2 

3,297,157 

295. 

120 

40., 

115,600 

17. 

806,708 

229. 

4,306,554 

125. 

109,088 

54. 

29,959,388 

223. 

20,807,020 

187.9 

1,488,586 

7. 

393,718 

0.58 

12,300,150 

94.8 

165,915 

171. 

62,754 

514. 

119,811 

544.6 

345,506 

276.4 

5,345,740 

452.9 

5,000,000 

99. 

2,756,864 

562.7 

96,000,000 

46.6 

17,000,000 

2.7 

2,500,000 

1.1 

4,116 

87.6  . 

41,713 

168.2 

41,054 

311.1 

664,513 

91.5 

173,510 

62. 

36,000 

21.2 

44,661 

209.6 

7,920 

360. 

610,000 

29.6 

726,522 

78. 

11,146 

0.1 

170,864 

334.1 

206,513 

271.5 

1 

Names  of  minor  divisiouB 
of  the  world.  ' 


Date. 


Saxe  -  Meiningen  -  Hild- 

burghausen,  Ger 

Saxe-Weimar,  Ger 

Saxony,  Ger 

Schaumburg-Lippe,  Ger... 
Sch  warzburg  -Rudolstadt, 

Ger 

Schwarzburg    -   Sonders- 

hausen,  Ger 

Scotland,  Gt.  Brit 

Senegal,  Afr 

Servia,  Eur 

Shikoku  Island,  Japan 

Siam,.4s4a 

Siberia,  Asia 

Sicily,  JEur 

Sierra-Leone  (Proper),  4/"''- 
Sierra-Leone  Colony,  Afr. 

Silesia,  Aust 

Sinde,  Brit.  Ind 

Singapore,  Brit.  Ind 

Sitapur,  Bi'it.  Ind j 

Sleswick-Holstein,  Pni8s..\ 

Sokoto  &  Gando,  Afr j 

Soniauli,  Brit.  E.  Afr | 

Soodan,  Afr j 

South  Africa,  British 1 

South  African  Republic... 
South  Australia,  Austria... 

South  Carolina,  U.S.A 

South  Dakota,  U.S.A , 

Spain,  Eur - 

Straits  Settlements,  Brit. 

Ind 

Styria,  Atist | 

Sumatra  Island,  Asia 

Sweden,  Eur I 

Sweden  &  Norway,  Eur...\ 

Switzerland,  Eur i 

Syria,  Turkey  in  Asia ; 

Tahiti  Island,  Oceania j 

Tasmania,  S.  Pac.  Ocn ! 

Tennessee,  U.S.A | 

Texas,  U.S.A ] 

Thibet,  .4sia I 

Togoland,  Ger.  W.  Afr I 

Tongaland,  Brit.  S.  A/r  .... 
Tonquin,  Fr.  Indo-China..' 

Trinidad,  W.  Ind 1 

Tripoli,  4/"r I 

Tunis,  Afr 

Turkey,  Eur.  &  Asia 1 

Tyrol  &  Vorarlberg,  Aust. 

Ulster,  Ireland 

United  States,*  N.  Am 

Utah,  U.S.A 

Uruguay,  S.  Am 

Venezuela,  S.  Am 

Vermont,  U.S.A 

Victoria,  Austria 

Virginia,  U.S.A 

Waday,  Cen.  Afr 

Waldeck,  Ger 

Wales,  Great  Britain 

Washington,  U.S.A 

Western  Australia,  Austria 

West  Virginia,  U.S.A 

West  Indies,  N.  Am 

Windward  Islands,  Brit. 

W.Ind 

Wisconsin,  U.S.A 

Wurtemberg,  Ger 

Wyoming,  U.S.A 

Yemen,  Arab 

Yesso  Island,  Japan 

Zambezia,  S.Afr 

Zanzibar,  S.  Afr 

Zululand,  S.Afr 


890 


4rs}^.ipop°"*«--  ^p^ 


953 
1,404 
5,787 

171 


333 

30,463 

54,000 

18,787 

7,031 

300,000 

4,826.287 

9,938 

400 

15,000 

1,987 

48,326 

224 

7,.^88 

7,275 

220,000 

30,000 

1,273,000 

231,311 

113,642 

914,730 

30,570 

77,660 

197,670 


34,700 

8,670 

171,1.S2 

170,979 

295,474 

15,792 

115,144 

412 

26,215 

42,050 

265,780 

65i;500 

16,000 

5,320 

34,740 

1,754 

890  1    400,000 

891  i      44,900 
890  1 1,660, 700 


11,324 
8,613 
3,595,600 
84,970 
72,110 
597,960 
9,565 
88,198 
42,450 
172,000 
439 
7,863 
69,180 
891  1,060,000 


»9U 

888 

•/4,7»U 

W,393 

891 

497 

890 

56,040 

890 

7,530 

890 

97,890 

890 

77,200 

890 

36,299 

887 

619,490 

888 

625 

L891 

8,900 

223,832 

326,091 

3,500,513 

89,163 

85,863 

75,510 

4.033,103 

1,100,000 

2,157,477 

2,863,342 

9,000,000 

4,314,400 

3,265,688 

75,000 

180,000 

605,649 

2,868,870 

139,000 

3,095,750 

1,219,523 

15,000,000 

240,000 

18,100,000 

1,527,224 

679,192 

315,048 

1,151,149 

328,808 

17,550,246 

1,158,020 
1,282,708 
3,572,000 
4,784,675 
6,783,851 
2,917,754 
2,676,943 
11,200 

146,667 
1,767,518 
2,235,523 
6,000,000 

500,000 

37,314 

9,000,000 

208.030 

1,000,000 

1,500.000 

33,110,000  j 

928,769  ' 
1,617,877 
62,971,081  ! 

207,905  i 

648,299  I 
2,285,054 

332,422  ; 
1,140,411  I 
1,655,980  i 
2,600,000  I 
57,283  ' 
1,518,914 

»49,390 
49,782 

762,794  ' 
5,842,800  , 

134,194  I 

1,686,880  ! 

2,035,443  ; 

60,705 

2,500,000  ' 

270,263 
1,350,000 

125,000 

142,700  , 


234.8 
232.2 
603.5 
229. 

236. 

226.7 

132.4 

20. 

114.8 

407.25 

30. 

0.9 

827. 

187. 

12. 

304.8 

59. 

620. 

408. 

167. 

68. 

8. 

14.2 
6.89 
5.96 
0.»4 
37.67 
4.1 


33.37 
148. 
21. 
27. 
22.9 
184.7 
23. 
27.19 

5.69 
42.08 

8.42 

9.21 
31.25 

7. 
259. 
118.6 

2.5 
33.4 
19.93 
82. 
187.8 
20.81 

2.43 

8.99 

3.8 
34.75 
12.93 
39. 
15. 
130.5 
206.3 

5.05 

0.046 
80.78' 
58. 

270. 
80.1 
269. 
0.6 
32.4 
7.45 
2.2 
200. 
16. 


*  The  statistics  for  the  United  States  include  the  land  area  of  the  United  States  proper  (2,970,000  square  miles),  the  enclosed  water 
(54,880  square  miles),  water  not  enclosed  (Delaware,  Raritan,  and  New  York  Bays,  720  square  miles),  and  Alaska  (570,000  square  miles). 
The  population  (62,971,081)  embraces  all  the  states  and  territories;  and  the  population  per  square  mile  (20.81)  Includes  all  the  states 
and  territories  except  Alaska. 


23 


IL 


POPULATION  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES 


THE  WOELD. 


CITIES  WITH  ONE  MILLION  OR  MORE  LNHABITANTS. 


iXJKDON,  England  (1891) 4,211,056 

PABI8,  France  (1891) 2,447,957 

Canton,  Oiina  (Estimated) 1,600,000 

Berlin,  Germany  (1890) 1,579,244 


New  Yokk,  U.S.A.  (1890) 1,516,301 

TOKIO,  Japan  (1890) 1,389,684 

Vienna,  Austria  (1890) 1,864,548 

Chicago,  U.S.A.  (1890) 1,099,860 


Philadelphia,  U.S.A.  (1890) 1,046,964 

St.  Pkteesburg,  Russia  (1889) 1,003,315 

Peking,  China  (Estimated) 1,000,000 


A  COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD,  SHOWING  THEIR  POPULA- 
TION AT  DIFFERENT  DATES,  ACCORDING  TO  OFFICIAL  ENUMERATION  OR  AS 
ESTIMATED  BY  THE  BEST  AUTHORITIES,  AND  ILLUSTRATING 
THEIR  GROWTH  OR  DECLINE  DURING  THE 
INTERVENING  PERIOD. 


aty. 


Aalborg ^... 

▲arhuua ........... 

Aberdeen 

Abo.- ~ 

Ad  Beale 

Adelaide.. 

Agra. 

Agram.... 

Altdrie. 

Alx ^ 

Aix-la-Chapelle . 

Akita 

AkroD 


State. 


Albany  .......M.. 

Alcamo.  ^ 

Alcoy ~. 

Alessandria..... 
Alexandria-.... 
Alexandria-.... 

Algiers .M~.. 

Alicante 

Alighur  fCoel). 
Allahabad....... 

Alleghany 

AUentown 

Almeria 

Alost ......... 

Altenbaig 

Altona.- 

Altoona ^.. 

Amiens 

Amsterdam-.... 

Ancona 

Andrl* 

Anger* 

AngonlSme..... 

Angra 

Anteqnera 

Antwerp — 

Arad.......... 

Arbroath 

Areqnipa........ 

Ar«»o 

Aries 

Armagh......... 

Armentidres....... 

Amhem.......M. 

Amstadt....... 

Arraa.... 

AsoolL 

Asti 

Atchison -. 

Athens >..... 

AtlanU........... 

Anburn 

Anckland 

Angsbnrg. 

Angnsta 

Arellino....... 

ATeiM 

24 


Population. 


Denmark 

Denmark 

Scotland 

Russia- 

Sicily.- 

S.  Australia... 

India 

Austria 

Scotland 

France 

Prussia 

Japan 

Ohio 

France. 

New  Tork...- 

Slcily 

Spain 

Italy 

Egypt 

Virginia 

Algeria 

Spain 

India 

India 

Pennsylvania. 
Pennsylvania. 

Spain 

Belgium- 

Germany 

Prussia 

Pennsylvania. 

France 

Netherlands... 

Itely 

Itoly 

France 

France 

Portugal.. 

Spain 

Belgium... 
Hungary.. 
Scotland... 

Pern 

Italy 

France 

Ireland .... 

France 

Netherlands.. 

Oermany 

France 

Italy 

Italy 

Kansas 

Greece 

Georgia 

New  York.-.., 
New  Zealand, 

Bavaria— 

Georgia........ 

Italy , 

Italy 


1870.. 
1870... 
1871... 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1872.-. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872... 
1875.. 


11,721 
15,025 
88,108 
22,118 
35,787 
27,208 
149,008 
19,867 
13,448 
24,892 
79,606 


1870... 
1«72... 
1870... 
1871.. 
1870... 
1871.. 
1872... 
1870... 
1886... 
1870... 
1872.. 
1872... 
1870.., 
1870.. 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1871.., 
1871.., 
1870.., 
1871.., 
1869  ., 
1871... 
1871... 
1871... 
1871... 
1868... 
1870.., 
1870... 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1876.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1869. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1874.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 


10,006 
19,230 
69,422 
20,886 
25,196 
67,079 

212,034 
13,570 
59,145 
31,260 
58,539 

143,693 
53,180 
13,884 
29,426 
18,978 
19,966 
74,102 
10,610 
61,063 

274,931 
45,741 
34,063 
68,464 
26,116 
11,281 
27,201 

126,663 
32,728 
20,170 
29,237 
88,907 
24,626 
8,946 
15,679 
32,332 
9,243 
25,749 
17,344 
31,033 
7,054 
48,107 
21,789 
17,226 
12,776 
61,220 

,    16,389 

,    19,761 

.    19,734 


aty. 


1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1885.. 
1881.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1881.. 
1890.. 
1877.. 
1890.. 
1881.. 
1890.. 
1881.. 
1878.. 
1879.. 
1882.. 
1890.. 
1886.. 
1887.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890., 
1887.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1886.. 
1890.. 
1879., 
1879.. 
1886.. 
1886., 
1878., 
1885. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1879. 
1876. 
1891. 
1876. 
1890. 
1885. 
1881. 
1879. 
1879. 
1890. 
1889. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1879. 
1879. 


.  19,503 
.  33,308 
.  121,905 
.  26,181 
.  22,431 
.  133,220 
.  168,710 
.  37,369 
.  15,133 
.  23,887 
.  103,491 
.  36,054 
.  27,601 
.  17,598 
.  94,923 
.  37,697 
.  32,497 
.  59,667 
.  208,755 
.  14,339 
.  74,792 
.  39,638 
.  60,560 
.  176,870 
.  105,287 
.  25,228 
.  37,241 
.  24,479 
.  31,439 
.  143,249 
.  30,337 
.  80,288 
.  417,539 
.  46,865 
..  38,418 
.  73,644 
..  34,647 
,.  11,263 
..  25,122 
,.  227,225 
..  41,945 
,.  22,960 
..  35,000 
..  39,463 
..  25.095 
..  8,303 
..  21,746 
..  50,194 
..  11,537 
..  27.041 
..  22,937 
..  33,983 
..  13,963 
..  107,251 
..  65,533 
..  25,858 
..  28,773 
..  75,523 
..  33,300 
..  21,702 
..    20.853 


Avignon....... 

Ayr .„ 

Bad^jos 

Bahia 

Baireuth 

Baltimore 

Bamberg 

Bangor 

Barcelluna........... 

Barcelona 

Bareilly 

Bari 

Barletta 

Barmen 

BaiTow-in-Fumess 

Basel 

Bath 

Bay  City - 

Bayouue 

Belfast 

Belgntde - 

Belleville 

Benares 

Beneveuto .- 

Bergamo - 

Bergen - 

Berlin - 

Be&auQon - 

Bouthen 

B€zierg - 

Bielefeld - 

Bieuue 

Bilbao 

Binghamtou— 

Birkenhead 

Birmingham 

Bisceglia - 

Bitonto 

Blackburn- 

Blols ..... 

Bloomington. 

Bochum 

Bois-Ie-Duc.......... 

Bologna 

Bolton 

Bombay „ 

Bonn - 

Bordeaux 

Borgerhout 

Boston 

Boulogne  (in  Seine) 
Boulogne^ur-Mer. 

Bourg»»s 

Bradford 

Braga , 

Brandenburg-.. 

Brantford 

Bremen 

Brescia 

Breslan 

Brest 


State. 


Population. 


France....... 

Scotland 

Spain 

Brazil- 

Bavaria 

Maryland 

Bavaria 

Maine- 

Sicily 

Spain 

India 

Italy 

Italy 

Prussia 

England 

Switzerland... 

England 

Michigan 

France 

Ireland 

Servia. 

Ontario 

India 

Italy 

Italy 

Norway 

Prussia 

France 

Pmssia 

France 

Prussia 

Switzerland... 

Spain 

New  York  _.... 

England 

England- 

Italy 

Italy 

England- 

France 

Illinois 

Prussia 

Netherlands ... 

Italy - 

England.- 

India. 

Prussia 

France 

Belgium 

Massachusetts, 

France 

France- 

France 

England 

Portugal.- 

Prussia. 

Ontario , 

Germany- 

Italy 

Prussia 

France 


1872... 
1871.. 
1870.. 

1872... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1871... 
1877... 
1872.- 
1871.. 
1871... 
1871... 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1872.., 
1871... 
1874... 
1871... 
1872... 
1871... 
1871... 
1865.., 
1871.., 
1866.., 
1870.., 
1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1871. 

1871. 

1872.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1869.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1872.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1872., 

1870.. 

1872.. 

1871- 

1868.. 

1870., 

1871- 

1870., 

1871.. 

1870., 

1870., 


36,427 

18,573 

22,896 

128,000 

17,841 

267,354 

25,738 

18,289 

20,464 

249,106 

102,982 

49,421 

27,444 

74,449 

18,584 

44,834 

62,557 

7,064 

27,175 

174,412 

27,605 

7,305 

175,188 

20,133 

37,363 

27,703 

826,341 

49,400 

15,711 

27,722 

21,834 

8,113 

26,357 

,    12,692 

,    45,417 

,  343,787 

,    19,007 

,    22,993 

,    76,339 

,    19,860 

,    14,590 

.    28,368 

.    24,456 

.    89,104 

.    82,853 

.644,406 

.    26,030 

.  194,241 

.    10,787 

.  250,526 

.    18,687 

.    40,261 

.    30,119 

.  145,830 

.    18,467 

.    26,822 

.      8,107 

.    82,969 

.    38,906 

.  207,997 

.    79,847 


1891...  43,453 
1891...  23,835 
1877...  22,905 
1890...  150,000 
1890..  ,24,361 
1890...  434,439 
1890...  35,248 
1890...  19,103 
1879...  21,890 
1887...  272,481 
1891...  121,870 
1881...  58,266 
1881...  31,994 
1890...  116,248 
1891...  51,512 
1888...  69,809 
1891...  51,843 
1890...  27,839 
1876...  27,416 
1891...  255,896 
1891...  64,458 
1891...  9,914 
1891...  222,520 
1879...  21,338 
1879...  35,286 
1891...  53,686 
1890..1,579,244 
1891...  66,055 
1890...  30,823 
1891...  46,475 
1890...  39,942 
1888...  15,289 
1887...  50,772 
1890...  35,005 
1891...  99,784 
1891...  429,171 
1881...  21,703 
1881...  22,726 
1891...  120,064 
1876...  20,515 
1890...  20,484 
1890...  47,618 
1890...  27,302 
1890...  143,607 
1891...  115,002 
1891...  804,470 
1890...  39,801 
1891...  252,415 
1890...  29,818 
1890...  448,477 
1891...  32,569 
1891...  45.205 
1891...  45,342 
1891...  216,361 
1878...  20,258 
1890...  37,823 
1891...  12,753 
1890...  125,684 
1881...  43,354 
1890...  335,174 
1891...    76  854 


POPULATION  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE   POPULATION   AT   DIFFERENT   DATES. 


Clt7. 


Bridgeport.......^" 

Brighton .» 

Brisbane— 

Bristol 

BrookTille 

Bromberg 

Bromwicb,  West... 

Brooklyn.. 

Bruges 

BrUnu 

Brunswick  m. 

Brussels 

Bucharest 

Buda-Pesth 

Buenos  Ayres- 

Buffalo 

Burgos 

Burliugton 

Burlington.. 

Burnley 

Bury 

Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Cadiz 

Caen 

CagUari 

Cairo 

Calcutta 

Callao 

Oalmar 

Caltagirone 

Caltauisetta 

Cambrai 

Cambridge 

Camden 

Cauicatti _ 

Cannstadt 

Carcassonne 

Cardiff. 

Carlscrona 

Carlsruhe 

Carrara 

Can-ickferguB 

Cartagena 

Casale 

Caserta 

Cassel 

Castel-a-Mare- 

<^tellon     da     la 

Plana 

CastelvetraDO 

Castres 

Catania 

Catanzaro 

Cava 

Cawnpoor 

Cento 

Cerignola 

Cesena....... 

Cette 

Ch&lons-sur-Mame 
Chalons-sur-Sadue. 

Charleston 

Charlottenburg 

Cluu-tres 

Chatham  » 

Chattanooga 

Ohaux-de-Fonds. ... 

Chelsea 

Cneltenham 

Chemnitz 

Cherbourg 

Chester 

Chicago 

Chiclayo  _ 

Chieti 

ChilUn 

Chioggia.«- 

Choshi 

Ohristchurdi.. 

Christlania... 

Chris  tiansand 

Cincinnati 

Clermont-Ferrand. 

Clereland 

Clonmel 

Coblentz... 

Ooburg „ 

Ooimbra 

Oolmar 

Cologne 

Columbia^ 

Columbus 

Como 

Ooncepcion 

Oonoord 

OonL „.. 


State. 


Popolatioii. 


Connecticut... 

England 

Queensland ... 

England 

Ontario 

Prussia 

England 

New  York 

Belgium 

Austria 

Germany 

Belgium 

Boumania. 

Hungary. 

Arg.  Kepublic 

New  York 

Spain 

Iowa 

Vermont 

England 

England 

England 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Egypt. 

India 

Peru 

Sweden 1866 

Italy 1871 

lUly 1871 

France \  1872 

Massachusetts'  1870. 
New  Jersey....!  1870 

Sicily ;1871, 

Germany 1 1870, 

France 11872, 

Wales 1 1871 

Sweden '  1866, 

Germany 1875 

Italy il871 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1879.. 
1870., 
1875., 
1876., 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1867.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1867.. 
1866.. 
1871., 
1872., 
1872.. 


18,969 

90,011 

19,413 

132,667 

5,102 

31,308 

47,918 

396,099 

44,833 

,    73,771 

65,938 

.  183,080 

221,805 

309,708 

177,787 

117,714 

24,246 

14,930 

14,387 

40,487 

38,696 

14,928 

57,020 

41,664 

29,905 

349,833 

447,601 


Ireland . 
Spain.... 

Italy 

Italy 

Prussia . 
Italy 


ispain 

Sicily 

France 

Sicily 

Italy 

Italy 

India 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

France 

France 

France 

S.  Carolina 

Prussia 

France 

England 

Tennessee...... 

Switzerland... 
Maseachusetts 

England 

Saxony 

France 

Pennsylvania. 

Illinois 

Peru„„ 

Italy 

Chili 

Italy 

Japan 

New  Zealand. 

Norway.- 

Norway 

Ohio 

France 

Ohio 

Ireland 

Prussia 

Germany.... 

Portugal 

Germany. ... 

Prussia 

S.  Carolina. 

Ohio 

Italy 

Chili 

N.  Hampahire. 
Italy 


1871., 
1867., 
1871., 
1871., 
1870.. 
1871., 

1867.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1871., 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1871., 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870., 
1871., 
1871., 
1872., 
1870., 
1870., 


9,200 
22,639 
21,464 
22,897 
39,634 
20,046 
20,908 
11,084 
22,173 
56,911 
16,653 
42,895 
23,827 

9,397 
64,318 
27,514 
29,461 
46,378 
18,305 

21,929 
19,499 
21,367 
83,496 
24,901 
20,612 

122,770 
19,180 
21,739 
35,870 
24,177 
17,692 
19,982 
48,966 
25,847 
19,442 
46,792 
6,093 
19,930 
18,547 
41,923 
68,229 
37,216 
9,486 

298,977 


1871. 
1875. 
1871. 
1877. 
1874. 
1865. 
1865. 
1870., 
1866. 
1870., 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 
1868. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1871. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 


,  23.602 

.  19,044 

,  19,827 

.  25,137 

,  10,294 

,  57,381 

,  10,869 
,  216,239 

.  37,690 

.  92,829 

.  10,112 

.  28,748 

.  13,439 

.  18,147 

.  23,046 
,  129.233 

.  9,298 

.  31,274 

.  24,360 

.  13,958 

.  12,241 

.  22,882 


890...  48,866 
891...  116,402 
891...  48,738 
891 ...  220,666 
891...  8,793 
890...  41,451 
891...  69,489 
890...  806,343 
890..  47,331 
890...  95,342 
890...  101,047 
890...  182,305 
878...  177,646 
890...  506,.384 
891...  661,160 
890...  255,664 
887...  31,301 
890...  22,665 
890...  14,590 
891...  87,058 


891... 
891... 
887.., 
891.., 


67,206 
16,630 
62,631 
46,201 


881.. 

36,588 

882.. 

368,108 

891.. 

840,130 

876.. 

34,492 

890.. 

11,772 

879.. 

28,298 

879.. 

28,317 

876.. 

22,079 

890.. 

70,028 

890.. 

58,313 

879.. 

22,762 

890.. 

20,267 

876.. 

26,971 

891.. 

128,849 

890.. 

20,613 

890.. 

73,496 

879.. 

26,577 

881.. 

10,009 

887.. 

84,171 

879.. 

27,117 

879.. 

.   30,874 

890.. 

.   72,461 

1879.. 

.    28,561 

887.. 

.    26,193 

879.. 

.    21,599 

876.. 

.    25,856 

879.. 

90,996 

879.. 

.    26,463 

879.. 

21,702 

891.. 

182,310 

879.. 

.    20,526 

879.. 

.    26,827 

879.. 

38,144 

891.. 

36,541 

876.. 

20,236 

876.. 

.    20,895 

890.. 

64,955 

886.. 

.    42,371 

876.. 

.    20,468 

891.. 

.   31,711 

890.. 

.    29,100 

888.. 

.    26,603 

890.. 

.    27,909 

891.. 

.   42,914 

890.. 

.  138,955 

886.. 

37,013 

890.. 

.   20.226 

890.1,099,850 

876.. 

11,325 

879.. 

.    24,122 

889.. 

.    60,767 

879.. 

28,000 

890.. 

.   32,241 

1891.. 

.    16,223 

1891.. 

.  150,4-14 

891.. 

.    12,831 

890.. 

.  296,908 

886.. 

.    46,718 

890.. 

.  261,353 

881.. 

.    10,519 

890.. 

.    32.671 

K80.. 

.    15,791 

1878.. 

.    19,374 

890.. 

.    30,399 

890.. 

.  281,273 

890.. 

.    15,363 

1890.. 

.    88,1,50 

1881.. 

.    25,560 

1889.. 

.    40,302 

890.. 

.    17,004 

L879.. 

.    21,914 

City. 


Constance 

Constantino 

Constitucion 

Copenhagen 

Copiapo 

Copparo 

Coquimbo  (Serena) 

Corato 

Cordova 

Corfu 

Cork >., 

Coronel 

Corunna 

Cortoua 

Cottbus 

Council  Bluffs 

Courtrai 

Coventry. 

Covilha 

Covington 

Cracow 

Crefeld 

Cremona 

Croydon 

Cueva  de  Vera 

Cumberland. 

Curic6 , 

Cuzco 

Czeniowiti. , 

Damietta 

Dantzic 

Darmstadt 

Davenport 

Dayton 

Debreczin 

Delft , 

Denver 

Derby 

Des  Moines 

Dessau 

Detmold 

Detroit 

Devonport 

Dieppe  „ 

Dijon 

Dort "., 

Dortmund 

Douai 

Drammen 

Dresden 

Drogheda„ 

Dublin 

Dubuque 

Dudley 

Duisburg 

Dumbarton- 

Dumfries- 

Dnndalk... 

Dundee 

Dunedin 

Dunfermline 

Dunkirk 

Dusseldorf. 

.  Dysart 

Easton 

East  Saint  Louis... 

Bey  a 

Edinburgh 

Eisenach 

Elberfeld. 

Elbeuf. 

Elbing 

Elizabeth- 

Elmira 

Elvas 

Erfurt 

Erie 

Essen 

Esslingen 

Evansville 

Evora 

Faenza - 

Falkirk 

Fall  Blver 

Fano 

Ferrara 

Ferrol 

Flensburg 

Florence 

Foggia 

Foligno 

Fond  du  Lao 

Foo-Choo-Foo 

Fookooee 

Fookoo-Oka 

Furrar 


StAte. 


Bailen 

Algeria. 

Chili , 

Denmark. .. 

Chili , 

Italy 

Chili 

Italy 

Spain 

Greece 

Ireland ..... 

Chili , 

Spain 

Italy 

Prussia 

Iowa , 

Belgium 

England 

Portugal.... 
Kentucky., 
Austria...... 

Prussia 

Italy 

England. .., 

Spain , 

Maryland ., 

Chili , 

Peru- , 

Austria..... 

Egypt 

Prussia , 

Germany... 

Iowa. 

Ohio 

Hungary.., 
Netherlands..- 

Colorado 

England 

Iowa 

Germany .... 
Germany .... 
Michigan.... 

England 

France 

France 

Netherlands, 

Prussia 

France 

Norway 

Saxony... — 

Ireland 

Ireland 

Iowa 

England 

Prussia. 

Scotland , 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Scotland 

New  Zealand.. 
Scotland-.. 

France 

Prussia. 

Scotland-.. 
Pennsylvania. 

Illinois 

Spain 

Scotland  -.. 
Germany. .. 

Prussia 

France , 

Prussia 

New  Jersey.-.. 
New  York.-.., 

Portugal 

Pnisaia 

Pennsylvania 

Prussia , 

Wurtemberg... 

Indiana 

Portugal.... 

Italy 

Scotland-.. 
Massachusetta 

Italy , 

Italy 

Spain 

Prussia ., 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

Wisconsin.- 

China 

Japan « 

Japan , 

Scotland 


PopulattoB. 


1870.. 
1872., 
1875.. 
1870.. 
1876.. 
1871.. 
1875.. 
1871.. 
1867.. 
1879.. 
1871.. 
1875.. 
1867.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1880.. 
1869., 
1871., 
1868.. 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1871.. 
1871., 


10,061 

36,296 

6,542 

197,576 

11,432 

26,989 

12,293 

26,018 

41,963 

16,615 

78.642 

5,658 

29,8-23 

26,263 

18,927 

18,063 

23,276 

37,670 

8,838 

,    24,605 

,    49,856 

62,905 

,    28,679 

,    55,662 


1870.. 
1876.. 
1876.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1866.. 
1866.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1866.. 
1866.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1876.. 
1871.. 
1866.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
18S0.. 
1867.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1868.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1868.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1867.., 
1870.., 
1871.., 
1871.., 
18?1... 
1870... 


8,066 

9,072 
18,370 
33,884 
29,383 
76,733 
33,799 
20,038 
30,473 
46,111 
22,909 

4,749 
61,381 
12,036 
17,459 

6,469 
79,577 
49,449 
19,946 
39,143 
26,459 
44,420 
24,105 
13,022 
177,089 
13,510 
246,326 
18,434 
43,782 
30,533 
11,404 
13,704 
11,377 
121,926 
23,366 
14,968 
33,083 
69,366 

8,040 
10.987 

9,185 
27,216 
196,979 
13,967 
71,384 
22,663 
36,873 
20,832 
16,863 

9,637 
48,030 
19,646 
61,513 
16,701 
21,830 
11,078 
36,299 
11,712 
26,766 
19,734 
72,447 
21,120 
26,474 
167,093 
34,181 
21,686 
12,764 


1871...  11,002 


890, 
890, 
886. 
891. 
890. 
891. 
891. 
890. 
891. 
890. 
891. 
891. 
891. 
891. 
891. 
891. 
886. 
890. 
891. 
890. 
890. 
884. 
891. 
890. 
890. 
886. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
878. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
878. 
879. 
891. 
890. 
879. 
879. 
877. 
890. 
879. 
879. 
879. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
891. 


..  16,233 
..  44,960 
,.  32,196 
..  312,387 
..  27,631 
..  30,105 
..  16,066 
..  30,428 
..  49,855 
..  19,025 
..  76,070 
..  19,149 
..  33,736 
..  27,239 
..  34,909 
..  21,474 
..  30,908 
..  52,720 
..  10,986 
..  37,371 
..  76,026 
..  105,371 
..  25,020 
..  102,697 
..  20,644 
..  12,729 
..  58,402 
..  30,000 
..  67,403 
..  34,046 
..  120,459 
..  66,503 
..  26,872 
..  61,220 
..  66,996 
..  29,022 
..106,713 
..  94,146 
-  60,093 
..  34,658 
..  8,916 
..  205,876 
..  54,736 
..  22,599 
..  60,855 
..  32,934 
..  89,592 
..  30,030 
..  20,684 
..  276,085 
..  11,812 
..  254,709 
..  30,311 
..  45,740 
..  59,300 
..  16,908 
..  16,673 
..  13,207 
..  163,066 
..  45,865 
..  22,366 
..  38,025 
..  144,682 
..  12,849 
..  14,481 
..  15,169 
..  25,074 
..  261,261 
..  21,399 
..  126,830 
..  21,829 
..  41,578 
..  37,764 
..  30,893 
..  11,206 
..  72,371 
,.  40,634 
..  78,723 
..  22,156 
..  50,756 
..  13,461 
,.  36,665 
..  17,307 
,.  74,398 
21,001 
76,428 
.  23,811 
.  36,873 
.167,714 
.  39,814 
.  22,638 
.  12,024 
.636,000 
.  40,849 
53,014 
13,884 


25 


POPULATION  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE   POPULATION   AT   DIFFERENT  DATES. 


City. 


Horli 

Fort  Wayne 

Fraiicavilla. 

Frankfort   on    the 

Main 

Frankfort   on    the 

Oder , 

Fredericton 

Freiberg ..., 

Freiburg _.. 

Freyburg 

Funcbal 

Fiinfkircben..... 

Fttrth , 

Galashiels 

Galveston 

Gal  way 

Gateshead. 

Gebweiler. 

Gefle 

Geneva 

Genoa ...., 

Georgetown , 

Gera. „ , 

Ghent 

Gieesen m.... 

Gijon , 

Girtrenti „... 

Gladbach _., 

Glasgow 

Glaachau 

Gloucester 

Gmiind „ 

GOritz 

GSrlitz 

Goruckpoor_...., 

Gotha ... 

Gothenburg 

Grado 

Granada 

Grand  Bapids.... 

Gratz 

Greenock 

Greitz 

Grenoble ».. 

Groningen 

Grosswardein .... 

Guatemala 

Gubbio ...._.. 

Guben 

Haarlem _.. 

Hagen ^ 

Hagi 

Hague  (The) 

Haguenan 

Hakata 

Halberstadt 

Halifax 

HaUfax 

Halle „ 

Hamburg 

Hamilton „.. 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Hamm 

Uanau .,.,„.. 

Hanley 

Hanover 

Harrisburg.. 

Hartford 

Hastings _.. 

Haverhill 

Havre 

Hawick 

Heidelberg. 

Heilbronn 

Haider >.. 

Helsingborg 

Helsingfors. 

Herisau 

HermopoUs_ 

Hikone 

Hildesheim 

HimeJI 

Hiogo 

Hiroaakl 

Hoboken 

Hof. 

Holyoke 

Horsen _.. 

Houston 

Huddersfleld 

Hull 

Iglau 

Illapel 

Imola 

26 


State. 


Italy 

Indiana... 
Italy 


Prussia... 


Population. 


1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 


38,480 
17,718 
16,997 


1870...   91,040 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1868.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
;i870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1><66.. 
1870.. 
1871... 
1870... 
1870.. 
1869... 
1870... 
1867... 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1872... 
1870... 
1866... 


Prussia 

N.  Brunswick 

Saxony 

Baden 

Switzerland... 
Madeira  Isl'd. 

Hungary 

Bavaria......... 

Scotland 

Texas 

Ireland 

Enf^land 

Alsace 

Sweden 

Switzerland... 

Italy 

Dig  t.  Columbia 

Germany 

Belgium 

Germany 

Spain 

Sicily 

Prussia 

Scotland 

Saxony 

Massachusetts 

Germany 

Austria 

Prussia 

India 

Germany 

Sweden 

Spain 

Spain 

Michigan 

Austria 

Scotland 

Germany 

France 

Netherlands.^ 

Hungary 

Guatemala 

Italy 

Prussia 

Netherlands... 

Prussia 

Japan 

Netherlands... 

Alsace 

Japan 

Prussia 

England 

Nova  Scotia... 

Prussia 

Germany 

Scotland 

Ohio 

Ontario 

Prussia 

Prussia 

England 

Prussia 

Pennsylvania. 
Connecticut... 

England 

Massachusetts 

France 

Scotland 

Baden 

Germany 

Netherlands... 

Sweden 

Busiiia 

Switzerland... 

Greece 

Japan 

Hanover 

Japan 

Japan„ ^, 

Japan 

New  Jersey... 

Bavaria :  1870 

Massachusetts!  1870 


43,214 
6,006 
21,673 
23,559 
10,904 
18,000 
23,863 
24,577 
10,312 
13,813 
15,597 
47,627 
11,338 
12,561 
46,783 

130,269 
11,384 
17,870 

121,469 
12,208 
24,802 
18,802 
31,970 

477,156 
21,743 
15,389 
12,838 
16,659 
45,310 
51,117 
22,928 
58,164 


1867... 
1870... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1866... 
1869... 
1878... 
1880... 
1871... 
1871 .« 
1869... 
1870... 


67,326 
16,507 
81,119 
57,821 
12,657 
40,484 
38,897 
28,698 
67,728 
22,757 
21,412 
31,282 
13,446 


1869.. 
1870.. 


93,083 
11,331 


1870... 
1871... 
1871... 
1870... 
1873. . 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870.. 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1861... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1869... 
1866... 
1870... 
1870... 
1879... 


25,419 
65,510 
29,582 
52,620 
236,279 
11,496 
11,081 
26,716 
16,924 
20,294 
39,976 
87,626 
23.104 
37,180 
29,291 
13,092 
74,336 
11,356 
19,983 
13,9.55 
19,305 

7,134 
33,602 

9,736 
21,245 


1870...    20,801 


1877.. 
1870.. 


Denmark  . 

Texas 

England.. , 
England... 
Moravia... 

Chili 

Italy 


1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871. 
1870.. 


34,774 
20,297 
16,968 
10,733 
10,501 
9,382 
70,253 
121,892 
20,112 


1871...  28,398 


879...  39,699 
890...  36,393 
679...  20,444 

890...  179,860 

890...  66,724 

891...  6,602 

890...  28,964 

890...  48,788 

888...  12,196 

878...  20,606 

890...  33,780 

890...  42,659 

891...  17,249 

890...  29,084 

891...  13,746 

891...  86,709 

880...  12,457 

890...  23,484 

888...  71,807 

890...  206,486 

890...  14,046 

890...  39,699 

891...  153,740 

890...  20,611 

877...  30,691 

879...  22,027 

890...  49,626 

891...  666,714 

890...  23,404 

890...  24,651 

880...  13,774 

890...  21,958 

890.  62,135 

891...  64,860 

890...  29,134 

890...  104,657 

877...  20,256 

877...  76,108 

890...  60,278 

890...  113,640 

891...  63,498 

890...  20,141 

876...  45,426 

890...  56,413 
38,219 


879... 
890... 
890... 


65,000 
24,086 
29,480 
51,626 


890...  35,376 
877...  30,608 
890...  160,681 
880...  12,67» 
877...  20,840 
890...  36/101 
891...  82,864 
891...  38,666 
890...  101,401 
890...  323,928 
891...  24,863 
890...  17,666 
891...  48,980 
890...  24,975 
890...  26,027 
891...  64,846 
890...  165,499 
890...  39,385 
890...  63,230 
891...  62,340 
890...  27,412 
891...  116,369 
891...  19,204 
890...  31,737 
890...  29,939 
890...  22,737 
890...  20,410 
888...  68,402 
888...  12,937 
22,104 


27,786 
33,482 
25,924 
30,408 
30,487 
43,648 


877.. 

890.. 

877., 

877.. 

890.. 

890 

890!!,   24,648 

890...    35,637 

890...    17,290 

890...    27,567 

891...    95,422 

891...  199,991 

890...    23,762 

889...   31,695 

879...   28,421 


City. 


Indianapolis.... 

Inverness 

Ipswich 

Iquique 

Jackson 

Jaen 

Jerez  de  la  Frontera 

Jersey  City 

JOnkoping 

Jumet 

Kaiserslautern... 

Kansas  City 

Kaschau .'..... 

Kecskemet 

Key  West 

Kharkov 

Kiel 

Kiev 

Kilkenny 

Kilmarnock 

Kingston 

Kingstown........ 

Kingston 

Kioto 

Kirkcaldy 

Klausenburg 

KSnigsberg 

KSnigshiltte 

Koomamotoo 

Koshi 

La  Estrada. 

Lancaster 

Landsberg 

La  Spezia 

La  Union 

Lausanne 

Laval 

Lawrence 

Laybach 

Leavenworth ..... 

Lecce 

Le  Creuzot 

Leeds 

Leeuwarden 

Leghorn 

Leicester 

Leipsic 

Leith 

Le  Mans _... 

Leml>erg. 

Lerida „... 

Levallois-Perret 

Lewiston 

Lexington 

Leyden 

Liege 

Llegnitz 

Lille 

Lima 

Limerick 

Limoges 

Linares 

Linares 

Lincoln 

Lintz 

Lisbon 

Lisburn 

Liverpool , 

Lode 

Lodi 

London 

London 

Londonderry  „.... 

Lorca „.. 

Lorient 

Louisville 

Louie 

Louvain 

Lowell , 

Lubeck 

Lucca 

Lucerne , 

Lucknow„ 

LudMrigsbnrg 

Lugo 

Lund 

Lurgan 

Lynchburg- 

Lynn 

Lyons 

Macerata 

Maddalonl 

Madison 

Madras 

Madrid 

Maestricht 


State. 


Population. 


Indiana 

Scotland 

England 

Peru 

Michigan .... 

Spain 

Spain 

New  Jersey 

Sweden 

Belgium 

Bavaria. 

Missouri 

Hungary 

Hungary 

Florida 

Bussia 

Prussia 

Bussia 

Ireland 

Scotland  _.... 
New  York.„ 

Ireland 

Ontario. 

Japan 

Scotland 

Austria 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Japan 

Japan 

Spain 

Pennsylvania. 

Prussia 

Italy. 

Spain 

Switzerland 

France 

Massachusetts 

Austria 

Kansas 

Italy 

France 

England.... 
Netiierlands.- 

Italy 

England 

Saxonyi 

Scotland 

France 

Austria >... 

Spain 

France „.. 

Maine- 

Kentucky 

Netherlands... 

Belgium 

Prussia 

France 

Peru 

Ireland 

France 

Spain 

Chill 

Nebraska 

Austria 

Portugal 

Ireland 

England 

Switzerland... 

Italy 

England- 

Ontario 

Ireland „.. 

Spain 

France 

Kentucky.-... 

Portugal 

Belgium 

Massachusetts 

Germany 

Italy 

Switzerland... 

India 

Wtirtemberg- 

Italy 

Sweden 

Ireland 

Virginia 

Massachusetts 

France 

Italy 

Italy 

Wisconsin 

India 


Netherlands... 


1870. 

1871. 

1871. 

1876. 

1870. 

1867.. 

1867.. 

1870.. 

1866.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870. 

1870. 

1870. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870. 

1869. 

1871.. 

1871 

1876.. 

1871 

1872 

1872.. 

1871.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1877.. 

1877.. 


.    48,244 

.    14,469 

.    42.947 

.    11,717 

11,447 

22,938 

38,898 

82,646 

10,013 

.    15,262 

17,896 

.    32,260 

.    21.742 

.    41,539 

.     5,016 

.    82,13;^ 

.    31,747 

.    70,591 

.    12,710 

.    22,693 

20,474 

.    16,378 

.    12,407 

238,663 

12,422 

26,382 

112,092 

19,546 

44,779 

27,012 


1870...  20,233 
1870...  21,379 
1871...    24,127 


1870.. 

1866.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1871.. 

1867.. 

1871.. 

1869.. 

1871.. 

1871... 

1875. 

1871. 

1872.. 

1870.. 

1867.. 

1872 

1870 

1870 

1869 

1870. 

1870.. 

1870. 

1876.. 

1871 

1870.. 

1877.. 


26,620 
27,189 
28,921 
22,593 
17,873 
23,247 
.  23,872 
.  259,212 
.  25,894  j 
.  80,914 
.  95,220  I 
.  127,387  > 
44,280  I 
45,230 
.  87,109  ' 
.  19,597  ' 
.  22,733 
.  13,600  I 
.  14,801  i 
.  39,959 
.  111,863 
23,138 
154,749 
.  100,073 
39,353 
53,022 
36,630 


1880 
1870 
1864 
1871 
1871 
1870. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1867. 
1872. 
1870 
1868 
1870 
1870 
1871 
1871. 
1870. 
1872 
1870. 
1871. 
1866 
1871 
1870. 
1870. 
1866. 
1871. 
1871 
1870 
1872. 
1870 
1869. 


...  13,003 
...  30,638 
...  208,376 
..  9,326 
...  493,405 
...  10,334 
...  18,537 
.3,254,260 
...  15,326 
.  25,242 
..  48,168 
..  37,656 
..  100,753 
..  12,146 
..  32,976 
..  40,928 
..  39,743 
..  68,204 
..  14,524 
..  284,779 
..  11,785 
..  24,895 
..  10,052 
.  10,632 
.  6,825 
.  28,233 
.  323,964 
.  19,831 
..  17,024 
..  9,176 
397,562 
..  381,470 
..  29,578 


890...  105,436 
891...  19,214 
891...  67,260 
886...  15,391 
890...  20,798 
884...  21,280 
887...  61,708 
890...  163,003 
890...  19,682 
890...  23,858 
890...  37,041 
890...  119,668 
890.-  29,196 
890...  48,234 
890...  18,080 
886...  171,416 
890...  69,214 
886...  165,561 
891...  11,024 
891...  28,438 
890...  21,261 
891...  17,34" 
891...  19,264 
890...  279,792 
891...  27,161 
890...  32,729 
890...  161,528 
890...  36,601 
890...  62,833 


890... 
877... 
890... 
890... 
879.. 
877... 
888... 
891.. 
890... 
890... 


82,241 
23,628 
82,011 
28,081 
26,944 
22,122 
33,340 
30,374 
44,654 
30,691 


890...  19,768 
879...  '24,620 
886...  17,703 
891...  367,606 
890...  30,690 
890...  104,960 
891...  142,051 
891...  363.272 
891...  67,660 
67,594 
890...  128,419 
884...  17,672 


886... 
890... 
890... 
890... 


35,649 
21,701 
21,567 
43,510 


890...  149,789 
890...  46,8S2 
886...  188,272 
890...  160,000 
891...  87,072 
68,477 
884...  24,733 
875...  6,447 
890...  66,154 
890...  47,660 
878...  233,389 
891...  9,617 
89T...  617,951 
888...  11,226 
879...  25,451 
891.4,211,056 
891...  31,977 
32,893 
62,934 
40,055 
161,129 
14,862 


891. 

877. 
886. 
890. 
878. 
890. 
890. 
890. 
879. 


39,948 
77,696 
63,590 
68,849 
888...  20,314 
891...  272,590 
890...  17,397 
879...  26,662 
890...  15,023 
891...  11,447 
890...  19,709 
890...  66,727 
886...  401,938 
879...  20,331 
879...  20,016 
890...  13,426 
891...  449,950 
887...  470,283 
890...  32,22-1 


POPULATION   OF   THE    PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF   THE   WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE  POPULATION   AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


aty. 


Magdeburg 

Malaga 

Malmi) 

Manchester 

Manchester. 

Mannheim 

Mantua 

MaranhSo 

Marklrch 

Marsala ~ 

Marseilles 

Matsooyama 

Maytaouye 

Mechlin 

Meerane 

Meerut 

Meiningen.- 

Melbourne 

Memphis 

Mentz 

Meriden 

Merthyr-Tydvil 

Messina 

Metz 

Middlesborongh 

Milan 

Milwaukee 

Minneapolis 

Mirzapoor 

Miseolonghi 

Mobile 

Modena 

Modica 

Molfetta 

Monopoli 

MouB. ~.. 

Montauban 

Monte    San    Giuli- 

ano 

Montgomery 

MontluQon 

Montpellier_ 

Montreal 

Montrose 

Monza 

Moradabad— 

Morloka 

Moscow 

Moulins 

MUhlhansen 

MUlhansen  ~ 

Mulheim-am-Bheiu 
Mulheim-am-Buhr 

Munich 

MUnster 

Murcia 

Muskegon 

Muttra 

Nagaoka... , 

Nagasaki 

Nagoya. 

Namur 

Nancy 

Nantes 

Naples— 

Nara 

Narbonne 

Nashua 

Nashville^ 

NeisHe 

Neufch&tel.« 

Neuilly 

Neusatz 

Neustadt^. 

Neu^StrelitSL 

Nevers 

New  Albany 

Newark 

New  Bedford 

New  Brunswick 

Newburg 

Newbury  port..... 

Newcastle 

New  Haven- 

New  London 

New  Orleans 

Newport 

Newport 

Newry 

Newton 

New  York 

Nice 

Nieder  Wesel.... 

Ntmes 

Niort- 

Nordhausen. 


Prussia. 

Spain 

Sweden 

England 

N.  Hampshire 

Baden 

Italy 

Brazil 

Germany 

Sicily 

France 

Japan 

Japan 

Belgium 

Saxony 

India 

Germany 

Victoria 

Tennessee 

Germany 

Connecticut ... 

Wales 

Sicily 

Germany 

England 

Italy 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

India 

Greece 

Alabama 

Italy 

Sicily 

Italy 

Italy 

Belgium  _ 

France 


Sicily 

Alabama- 
France.... 
France..... 
Quebec..... 
Scotland .. 

Italy 

India 

Japan 

BuBsia 

France.... 
Prussia.... 
Germany. 
Prussia.... 
Prussia.... 
Bavaria... 
Prussia.... 


Michigan .. 

India 

Japan 

Japan 

Japan 

Belgium-.. 

France 

Fntnce 

Italy 

Japan 

France 

N.  Hampshire 

Tennessee 

Prussia. 

Switzerland... 

France 

Hungary 

Prussia. 

Germany 

France 

Indiana. 

New  Jersey.... 
Massachusetts 
New  Jersey.... 

New  York 

Massachusetts 

England 

Connecticut... 
Connecticut... 

Louisiana 

Kentucky 

Bhode  Island. 

Ireland 

Massachusetts 
New  York.. 

France 

Prussia. 

France 

France 

Prussia. 


Population. 


1870.. 
1870.. 
1866.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1866.. 
1877.. 
1877.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1880.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1866.. 
1872.. 

1871.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1877., 
1858.. 
1872.. 
1870.; 
1876.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871., 
1867., 
1870., 
1872., 


84,401 
94,732 
23,461 

379,374 
23,536 
39,606 
26,687 
31,604 
12,319 
34,202 

300,131 
28,294 
38,382 
36,629 
19,187 
81,386 
9,621 
54,993 
40,226 
53,902 
15,540 
97,020 
70,307 
51,388 
39,563 

199,009 
71,440 
13,066 
67,274 
5,714 
32,034 
56,200 
30,032 
26,516 
20,684 
23,128 
26,624 

13,369 

10,588 

20,261 

64,466 

107,2-25 

14,548 

26,771 

,  67,168 

31,499 

336,370 

19,774 

20,926 

68,463 

17,353 

15,277 

169,693 

24,821 

82,620 

,  6,002 

.  69,281 


1877., 
1877., 
1866.. 
1872. 
1872.. 
1871.. 


46,661 

135,715 

23,389 

52,566 

113,626 

416,549 


1872.. 
1870., 
1870. 
1870.. 
1870., 
1872., 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1872., 
1870., 
1872., 
1872., 
1880.. 


18,326 
10,543 
25,866 
19,360 
13,321 
20,781 
19,119 
24,093 
8,626 
20,601 
16,396 

105,059 
21,320 
16,058 
17,014 
12,595 

128,443 

60,840 

9,676 

191,418 
16,087 
12,521 
13,360 
12,825 

942,292 
46,610 
19,104 
60,020 
20,336 
23,670 


890...  202,326 
887...  134,016 
890...  48,604 
891...  606,343 
890...  44.126 
890...  79,044 
881...  28,048 
,888...  36,000 
880...  11,471 
879...  38,015 
886...  376,143 
890...  32,738 
.890...  36,934 
890...  50,962 
.890...  22,429 
.891...  116,300 
880...  11,227 
891...  71,523 
890...  64,496 
890...  72,934 
890...  21,662 
891...  68,080 
881...  142,000 
890...  60,194 
891...  75,616 
881...  295,543 
890...  204,468 
890...  164,738 
891...  82,660 
879...  6,324 
890...  31,076 
881...  31,053 


881.. 
881.. 
879., 
890., 
876., 


38,370 
29,697 
21,144 
26,370 
26,962 


879...  20,193 
890...  21,883 
876...  23,416 
886...  56,765 
891...  216,650 
891...  13,048 
879...  26,554 
.891...  73,440 
890...  31,153 
885...  753,469 
886...  21,213 
890...  27,540 
89(1...  76,968 
890...  30,993 
890...  27,905 
890...  348,317 
890...  49,344 
887...  98,538 
890...  22,702 
891...  60,020 
877...  20,029 
890...  56,063 
890...  162,767 
890...  29,794 
886...  79,038 
886...  127,482 
890...  630,872 
877...  22,746 


26,391 
19.311 
76;i68 
22,447 
16,261 
26,596 
24,672 
27,074 
9,407 
23,610 
21,059 


886.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
888.. 
886.. 
890.. 
880... 
880.. 
886.. 
890.. 

890...  181,830 
890...  40,733 
890...  18,603 
890...  23,087 
890...  13,947 
891...  186,346 
890...  81,298 
890...  13,757 
.890...  242,039 
890...  24,918 
890...  19,467 
891...  13,211 
890...  24,379 
890..1,616,301 
891...  88,273 
890...  20,736 
891...  71,623 
886...  22,079 
890...    26,862 


City. 


Norfolk ».. 

NorrkjOplng 

Northampton 

Norwich 

Norwich 

Nottingham. 

Novara. 

NUgata 

Nuremberg- 

Nymwegen  - 

Oakland 

Odense „ 

Odessa 

Oedenburg 

Offenbach 

Okayama 

Oldenburg 

Oldham 

Olmutz 

Omaha. 

Oporto 

Oran 

Orebro 

Orihuela .- 

Orleans 

Osaka 

Osnaburg 

Oswego 

Ottawa. 

Ovar 

Oviedo 

Padua 

Paisley 

Palermo 

Palma 

Pamplona. 

Paris 

Parma 

Partenico 

Paterson 

Patras 

Pan 

Pavia 

Pembroke 

Peoria 

P6rigueux 

Perpignan 

Perth 

Perugia 

Peterhead 

Petersburg 

Pforzheim 

Philadelphia 

Piacenza- 

Pilsen 

Piraeus 

Pisa 

Pistoja 

Pittsburg 

Pittsfleld 

Plauen 

Plymouth 

Poitiers 

Ponta  Delgada 

Port  Glasgow- 

Portland - 

Porto  Alegre 

Portsmouth 

Poeen 

Potsdam 

Poughkeepaie 

Povoade  Varzim.... 

Prague 

Prato 

Presburg „ 

Preston 

Providence.- 

Puerto    de    Santa 

Maria 

Pyrgo 

Quebec - 

Queenstown 

Quillota 

Quincy 

Baab 

Bagusa - 

Banders 

Bangoon - 

Bastadt 

Bathmines      and 

Bathgar 

Batisbon 

Bavenna 

Beading 

Beading 

Becife 


State. 


Virginia. 

Sweden 

England 

England 

Connecticut... 

England 

Italy 

Japan 

Bavaria 

Netherlands... 

California 

Denmark 

Bussia 

Hungary 

Germany 

Japan 

Germany 

England- 

Austria 

Nebraska. 

Portugal- 

Algeria 

Sweden  

Spain 

France 

Japan 

Prussia. 

New  York 

Ontario 

Portugal 

Spain 

Italy 

Scotland 

Italy 

Spain 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Sicily 

New  Jersey.... 

Greece 

France 

Italy 

Wales.- 

Illinois 

France 

France 

Scotland 

Italy 

Scotland 

Virginia 

Baden 

Pennsylvania. 

Italy 

Austria. 

Greece- 

Italy 

Italy 

Pennsylvania. 
Massachusetts 

Saxony 

England 

France 

Azores  Islands 

Scotland  - 

Maine 

Brazil 

England 

Prussia 

Prussia 

New  York 

Portugal 

Austria 

Italy 

Hungary 

England 

Bhode  Island 


Population. 


1870.. 

1866... 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1880. 

1871. 

1871. 

1877. 

1871. 

1869. 

1870. 

1870.. 

1858.. 

1870. 

1870 


19,229 

23,271 

.   41,168 

.    80,386 

.    15,112 

.    86.621 

.    29,516 

.    33,832 

.    83,214 

.    23,859 

.    10,600 

.    16,970 

.  104,169 

21,108 

25,911 


Spain 

Greece 

Quebec  ..„ 
Ireland.... 

ChiU 

Illinois .... 
Hungary.. 

Sicily 

Denmark . 

India 

Baden 


1870, 

1871, 

1870. 

1870, 

1868, 

1872 

1866 

1860 

1872 

1881, 

1871, 

1870. 

1871. 

1868 

1867 

1871 

1871 

1871. 

1867. 

1867 

1876. 

1871. 

1871. 

1870. 

1870. 

1872. 

1871. 

1871 

1870. 

1872. 

1872. 

1871 

1876. 

1871. 

1870. 

1870. 

1870. 

1871. 

1870.. 

1870. 

1871. 

1871. 

1870 

1870 

1870 

1871. 

1872 

1868. 

1871. 

1870. 


..  16,701 

..  82,629 

..  15,231 

..  16,083 

...  86,256 

,..  40,674 

...  9,007 

...  25,208 

...  48,976 

..  291,086 

..  23,308 

..  20,910 

..  21,546 

..  10,374 

..  28,226 

..  44,607 

..  48,240 

..  186,146 

..  63,019 

..  22,896 
1,988,806 

..  44,916 

..  19,838 

..  33,579 

..  16,641 

..  27,553 

..  27,886 

.  13,704 

.  22,849 

.  23,290 

.  24,379 

.  26,586 

..  49,192 

.  8,168 

.  18,960 

.  23,692 

.  674,022 

.  34,908 

.  23,681 

.  11,047 

..  66,331 

..  12,966 

..  86,076 

..  11,112 

.  28,756 

.  68,768 

..  31,692 

..  16,886 
9,912 

..  31,413 


1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1868., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870.. 

1867.. 
1879., 
1871.. 
1871.. 


113,569 
60,998 
46,003 
20,080 
10,012 

157,713 
12,097 
46,640 
86,427 
68,904 

19,247 

8,788 
69,699 
10,334 


Ireland 

Bavaria 

Italy 

England 

Pennsylvania 
Brazil 


1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 

1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 


24,062 
20,036 
21,494 
11,354 
98,746 
12,219 

20,562 
30,937 
68,904 
3-,^,324 
33,930 


1890. 

1890. 

1891 

1891 

1890 

1891 

1879 

1890 

1890 

1890. 

1890 

1890. 

1885 

1890 

1890 

1877 

1890. 

1891. 

1880 

1890. 

1878. 

1886. 

1890. 

1877. 

1886. 

1890. 

1890. 

1890. 

1891 

1878 

1877. 

1881. 

1891. 

1890 

1887. 

1877. 

1891 

1881. 

1879 

1890. 

1889 

1891 

1881 

1891. 

1890. 

1891 

1891. 

1891 

1879 

1891 

1890. 

1890. 

1890.. 

1881. 

1890. 

1890 

1879 

1879 

1890. 

1890. 

1890 

1891. 

1891. 

1878. 

1891. 

1890 

1872 

1891 

1890 

1890. 

1890. 

1878. 

1890 

1879 

1890 

1891. 

1890. 

1877. 
1890. 
1891. 
1881. 
1875. 
1890. 
1890. 
1879. 
1890. 
1891. 
1886. 

1881. 
1890. 
1879. 
1891. 
1890. 
1872. 


..    34,871 

..  32,826 
..  61,016 
..  100,964 
..  16,15ti 
..  211,984 
..  31,128 
..  46,363 
..  142,403 
..  32,618 
..  48,682 
.  30,277 
..  240,000 
..  27,103 
..  35,164 
..  32,963 
..  21,310 
..  131,463 
.  20,176 
.  140,452 
.  108,346 
.  67.681 
.  14,547 
.  20,929 
.  60,826 
.  476,271 
.  39,932 
..  21.842 
..  44;i54 
..  10,447 
34,460 
47,334 
..  66,420 
..  267,416 
..  60,514 
..  26,630 
2,447,967 
..  44,492 
21,447 
78,347 
..  44,970 
..  32,111 
..  29.836 
.  14,978 
..  41,024 
..  81,439 
..  33,878 
..  29.902 
..  49;iO.T 
..  12,196 
..  22,680 
..  29,987 
1,046,964 
..  34,987 
..  50,693 
..  34,6H9 
..  60,374 
..  63,986 
..  238,617 
..  17,281 
..  47,008 
..  84,179 
37,497 
..  17,940 
.  14,624 
.  36,426 
.  26,000 
.  169,266 
.  69,631 
.  64,161 
..  22,206 
11,004 
184,109 
42,882 
62,444 
..  107,573 
..  132,14« 

.    22,126 

.    12,647 

.    62,446 

.      9,738 

11,369 

31,494 

22,976 

.    24,461 

.    16,617 

.  181,210 

11,743 

24,246 
.  37,667 
60,877 
60,064 
68,661 
116,671 


•27 


POPULATION  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE   POPULATION   AT  DIFFERENT   DATES. 


City. 


State. 


Population. 


Begglo  in  Calabria 

Reggio  in  Emilia. 

Reichenberg 

Reims 

Remscbeid 

Rennea 

Reas 

Reutlingen 

Ricbmond 

Rimini 

Rio  Janeiro 

Roanne 

Rochdale 

Rochefort 

Rochester 

Rochester 

Rome 

Roostchook < 

Rosetta 

Rostock 

Rotterdam 

Roubaiz 

Rouen 

Rudolatadt 

Rutherglen 

Sacramento 

Saga 

Saint  Catharines. 

Saint-Denis 

Saint-Etienne 

Saint  Gall 

Saint  Helens 

Saint  Hyacinthe. 

Saint  John 

Saint  Joseph 

Saint  Louis 

Saint  Nicolas 

Saint-Omer 

Saint  Paul 

Saint  Petersburg. 

Saint-Pierre-I^s- Ca- 
lais  , 

Saint-Quentin... 

Sakai 

Salem - 

Salerno 

Salford , 

Salt  Lake  City.. 

Salzburg 

San  Antonio.... 

Sandusky , 

San  Felipe 

San  Fernando.., 

San  Francisco.. 

San  Lucar  de  Bar- 
romeda 

San  Sebastien 

Santander 

Santiago „ 

Santiago  de  Com- 
poetela 

eSu>  Paulo 

Saragossa „. 

Sassari 

SaTannah 

Savona _ 

SchafThausen 

Schenectady 

Schiedam , 

Scbweidnits 

Schwerin _ 

Sciacca , 

Scranton ~ , 

8ei\]oo 

Seraing 

Setubal „ 

Seville , 

Shabjehanpoor 

Sheffield 

Shields  (South) 

Shoomla 

Siena 

Sistova 

Sligo 

SomerriUe.^ 

Sophia - 

Borel 

Southampton 

Spandan „„. 

Sparta 

Springfield 

Springfield 

Springfield 

Stargard 

BtaTanger 

Btettln 

28 


Italy 

Italy 

Austria „.. 

France 

Prussia 

France 

Spain 

Wilrtemberg.. 

Virginia 

Italy 

Brazil 

France 

England 

France 

England 

New  York 

Italy 

Bulgaria 

Egypt 

Germany 

Netherlands... 

France ~.. 

France 

Germany 

Scotland 

California 

Japan 

Ontario 

France 

France 

Switzerland... 

England 

Quebec 

N.  Brunswick 

Missouri 

Missouri 

Belgium 

France 

Minnesota 

Russia 


France 

France 

Japan 

Massachusetts 

Italy 

England.. .. 

Utah 

Austria 

Texas 

Ohio 

Chili 

Spain 

California., 


Spain.. 
Spain. 
Spain. 
Chili.. 


Spain 

Brazil 

Spain 

Italy 

Georgia. 

Italy 

Switzerland 
New  York.. 
Netherlands... 
Prussia ... 
Germany, 

Sicily 

Pennsylvania. 
Japan...... 

Belgium.. 
Portugal., 

Spain 

India 

England., 
England.. 
Bulgaria., 

Italy 

Bulgaria, 
Ireland.., 
Massachusetts 

Bulgaria. 

Quebea 

England 

Prussia. 

Greece 

Illinois 

Massachusetts 

Ohio 

Prussia., 
Norway 
Prussia, 


1871... 
1871.., 
1870.., 
1872.., 
1870.., 
1872.., 
1867.., 
1870... 
1870... 
1871.., 
1872.. 
1872.., 
1871.., 
1872.., 
1871.., 
1870.., 
1871... 
1881.., 
1877... 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 


19,083 
50,657 
22,394 
71,:$97 
26,120 
48,658 
28,171 
15,246 
51,038 
33,886 

228,743 
21,472 
63,485 
25,454 
18,362 
62,386 

219,608 
26,867 
16,243 
34,172 

123,097 
75,987 

102,649 
7,638 
9,456 
16,283 


1871... 
1872... 
1872... 
1870... 
1871... 
1871... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1869... 
1872... 
1872.., 
1869.., 

1872.., 
1872.., 
1877... 
1870.., 
1871.., 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870.., 
1880... 
1875... 
1867.., 
1870.., 

1867... 
1867.., 
1867.., 
1876... 

1867... 
1872... 
1867... 
1871... 
1870.., 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1869... 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1871.., 
1870.., 


7.864 
29,500 

110,814 
16,075 
45,164 
3,746 
28,805 
19,565 

310,864 
23,388 
21,404 
20,030 

667,963 

22,349 

37,980 

40.59ri 

24,117 

27,769 

124,801 

12,864 

20,336 

12,266 

,    15,838 

9,422 

18,202 

149,473 

18,130 

.     9,047 

30,202 

129,807 

26,928 
26,000 

,  67,428 

,  30,642 

,  28,235 

.  24,851 

,  10,303 

,  11,026 

.  21,880 

.  19,681 

,  27,980 

,  17,736 

,  36,092 


1869... 
1868... 
1867.., 
1872.., 
1871... 
1871... 
1881... 
1871... 
1881... 
1871.., 
1870.., 
1881... 
1871.., 
1871.. 
1870.. 


19,414 
12,728 

118,298 
72,136 

239,916 
45,336 
22,921 
22,965 
11,438 
10,670 
14,685 
20,641 
6,636 
63,741 
26,888 


1879 

1879 

1890 

1891. 

1890. 

1891 

1877. 

1890. 

1890. 

1879. 

1890. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1890 

1890 

1888 

1882. 

1890. 

1890. 

1891. 

1891. 

1890. 

1891. 

1890. 

1877. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891 

1880. 

1891 

1891 

1891., 

1890., 

1890., 

1890., 

1876., 

1890. 

1887.. 

1876. 
1891. 
1890., 
1890. 
1879. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1889. 
1877. 
1890. 

1877. 
1887., 
1887. 
1889., 


..  38,006 
..  60,808 
..  31,033 
..  104,186 
..  40,382 
..  69,232 
27,595 
18,499 
81,388 
36,187 
500,000 
..  31,380 
..  71,458 
..  33,334 
..  26,309 
..  133,896 
..  423,217 
.  27,194 
.  19,378 
.  44,430 
.  209,1.36 
.  114,917 
.  112,352 
..  11,398 
13,361 
..  26,386 
..  29,512 
..  9,170 
..  60,992 
..  133,443 
.  21,438 
..  71,288 
7,016 
,.  39,179 
..  62,324 
..  451,770 
,.  27,975 
..  21,866 
..  133,156 
1,003,316 

..  25,5&3 

..  47,.551 

..  48,165 

..  30,801 

..  31,207 
..  198,136 

..  44,843 

..  27,741 

..  37,673 

..  18,471 

..  34.314 

..  26,822 
..  298,997 

..  22,777 
..  29,047 
..  42,126 
..  236,870 


1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1866., 
1870., 


17,364 
26,703 
12,652 
20,173 
16,647 
76,280 


1877... 
1891... 
1887... 
1881... 
1890... 
1879.., 
1888.., 
1890... 
1890... 
1890.., 
1890... 
1879... 
1890.., 
1877.., 
1890.., 
1878... 
1887.., 
1891.., 
1891.., 
1891.., 
1888.. 
1881.. 
1888.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1888.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1879.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 


24,192 
75,000 
92,407 
31,596 
43,189 
26,659 
12,315 
19,902 
25,260 
24,701 
33,644 
21,348 
76,216 
32,180 
33,912 
15,598 

143,182 
77.690 

324,243 
78,431 
23,161 
23,446 
12,482 
10,110 
40,162 
30,428 
6,669 
65,326 
45,364 
3,595 
24,963 
44,179 
31,896 
23,792 
23,930 

116,239 


Stirling , 

Stockholm 

Stockport 

Stockton 

Stockton-on-Tees.. 
Stoke-upon-Trent., 

Stolpe 

Stralaund 

Strasburg 

Stuhlweissenbarg. 

Stuttgart 

SueK , 

Sunderland 

Swansea 

Sydney 

Syra „ 

Syracuse 

Syi-acuse 

Scegedin 

Takaniatsoo 

Takaoka 

Takata 

Talca 

Tammerfora. 

Taranto „., 

Tarbes „........, 

Tarnopol 

Tamow 

Tarragona 

Tashkend 

Taunton 

Tavira _ 

Temesvar 

Termini 

Terre  Haute 

Theresienstadt 

Thorn ^.. 

Tilburg. 

Tilsit 

Tlneo 

Tirnova. 

Tokio 

Tokousbima , 

Toledo- 

Toledo » 

Topeka. 

Toronto , 

Torre  del  Greco^.., 

Tortosa > 

Totori _ 

Tottenham... , 

Toulon...... 

Toulouse - 

Tourcoing 

Toumay , 

Tours 

Toyama. 

Trani 

Trapanl ..., 

Trenton 

Treves ~ ..., 

Treviso _ 

Triest 

Tripolitza 

Trondlgem. 

Troy „ 

Troyes 

Tsoo 

Tsooroogaoka 

Tubingen 

Turin 

Tynemouth. , 

Udine , 

Ulm _ 

Upsal 

Utica _ 

Utrecht 

Valdes , 

Valence , 

Valencia , 

Valenciennes 

Valladolid 

Valparaiso , 

Varna 

Visirhely , 

Velez  Malaga. , 

Venice , 

Vercelli 

Verona , 

Versailles 

Versecz 

Vervlers 

Viborg „ 

Vicenza. 

Vienna 

Yienne 


Scotland 

Sweden 

England 

California 

England 

England 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Germany 

Hungary 

Wilrtemberg.. 

Egypt 

England 

England 

New  S.  Wales 
Upper  Greece. 

SicUy 

New  York-... 

Hungary 

Japan 

Japan 

Japan 

Chill 

Russia 

Italy 

France 

Austria 

Austria 

Spain 

Russia 

Massachusetts 

Portugal 

Hungary 

Sicily 

Indiana. 

Hungary 

Prussia 

Netherlands... 

Prussia 

Spain 

Bulgaria. 

Japan 

Japan- >... 

Spain 

Ohio 

Kansas 

Ontario...^^. 

Italy 

Spain 

Japan 

England. 

France......^.. 

France 

France 

Belgium 

France 

Japan.- 

Itoly 

Sicily 

New  Jersey... 
Prussia  ...^^.. 

Italy 

Austria ».. 

Greece 

Norway 

New  York . 

Fitince 

Japan 

Japan 

WUrtemberg.. 

Italy 

England 

Italy 

Wtirtemberg- 

Sweden 

New  York 

Netberlands.- 

Spain 

France 

Spain 

France 

Spain 

Chili 

Bulgaria. 

Hungary 

Spain 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

France 

Austria 

Belgium 

Russia 

Italy 

Austria 

France 


1871.. 

1863.. 

1871.. 

1870.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1870.., 

1870.. 

1871.. 

1870.. 

1871 

1877.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1879.. 

1871 

1870.. 

1870. 


10,873 

124,691 

63,014 

10,066 

27,738 

16,300 

18,328 

27,765 

86,529 

22,683 

.    91,623 

11,327 

.    98,242 

51,702 

.  134,747 

4,398 

.    20,035 

.    43,051 

.   70,179 


1870., 
1871., 
1866., 
1870., 
1870., 
1867., 


8,443 
20,647 
11,080 
26,819 
21,779 
18,023 


1870.. 
1868.. 
1870., 
1871.. 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870., 
1869., 
1870.. 


18,629 
10,343 
82,223 
19,660 
16,103 
63,400 
18,631 
26,103 
20,261 


1872...  779,361 

1877...  67,003 

1867...  17,633 

1870...  31,584 

1870...  6,790 

1871...  56,092 

1871...  18,950 

1872...  24,702 


1871... 
1872... 
1872... 
1872... 
1870... 
1872... 
1877... 
1871... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1865... 
1870... 
1872.». 


22,869 
69,127 

126,936 
38,262 
31,531 
42.460 
46,473 
24,026 
26,914 
22,874 
22,027 
16,824 

109,324 
7,020 
20,505 
46,465 
34,678 


1870 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1871 
1866. 
1870 
1869. 
18(7 

187; 

1860 
1866 
1867. 
1876 
1881 
1870. 
1860. 
1871. 
1871 
1871 
1866. 
1870. 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1876, 
1872 


..  10,471 
..  192,443 
..  38,941 
..  22,004 
..  26,214 
..  10,768 
..  28,804 
..  59,970 
.  22,109 
.  20,476 
.  107,703 
..  22,686 
..  4.3,361 
.  97,737 
.  24,646 
.  49,153 
..  21,097 
..  128,094 
20,140 
..  60,049 
.  44,021 
.  19,643 
..  32,381 
..  12,009 
..  26,944 
1,001,999 
..  21,430 


1891...  16,896 
.890...  246,164 
.891...  70,263 
890...  14,424 
.891...  49,731 
.891...  24,027 
1890...  23,884 
,890...  27,822 
890...  123,499 
890...  27,599 
.890...  1.39,659 
.890...  13,000 
1891...  130,921 
891...  90,423 
891...  386,400 
.889...  22,1(4 
.879...  24,132 
.890...  88,14:J 
1890...  87,-zlO 
.877...  47,883 
877...  24,694 
877...  25,651 
876...  17,496 
13,750 
.881...  25,246 
876...  21,293 
.890...  26,097 
.890...  27,684 
.887...  27,225 
879...  81,951 
1890...  25,448 
,878...  11,636 
.890...  39,850 
.881...  22,733 
.890...  30,217 
1890...  72,683 
.890...  27,007 
.890...  34,492 
890...  24,.550 
.877...  21,414 
.881...  11,500 
1890..1,389,684 
.890...  61,107 
.887...  20,837 
,890...  81,434 
.890...  31,007 
891...  181,220 
1881...  21,588 
877...  24,067 
877...  39,593 
891...  71,336 
...  70,122 
.886...  147,617 
1886...  68,008 
.890...  36,403 
69,585 
.890...  58,159 
.881...  25,173 
.881...  32,020 
1890...  57,458 
:890...  36,162 
879...  28,397 
890...  158,344 
10,698 
24,746 
60,956 
46,972 
21,981 
25,064 
13,275 


.891. 
.890. 


.877. 
.877 
890 


ShO...  320,808 
891...    46,267 


.881.. 
890.. 
.890.. 
890. 
890. 
877. 
876. 


23,254 
36,201 
21,511 
44,007 
86,116 
22,014 
23.220 


.887...  170,763 
876...  26,083 
887...  62,012 
889...  109,584 
25,286 
890...  65,483 
877...  24,3;32 
890...  168,019 
881...  2'0,165 
1881...  60.768 
891...  61,679 
890...  21,829 
890...  60,223 
888...  17,894 
,881...  27,694 
.890-1,364,548 
876...    2»JbCn 


POPULATION  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE   POPULATION   AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


City. 


Viersen 

Yillavicioss.. 

Viterbo 

Vitoria 

Vlttoria 

Vostizza 

Wakamatsoo. 
Wakayama... 

Walsall 

Warrington.. 

Warsaw 

Washington.. 

Waterford 

Weimar 

Wellington... 

Wexford 

Wheeling 

Widin 

Wiesbaden.... 

Wigan 

Wilkesbarre.. 
Williamsport. 
Wilmington.. 


State. 


Fmasia.. 

Spain 

Italy 

Spain 

Sicily 

Greece 

Japan 

Japan 

England.... 
England.... 

Russia 

Vist. Columbia 

Ireland. 

Germany 

New  Zealand.. 

Ireland 

West  Virginia 

Bulgaria. 

Prussia... 

England 

PennsylTania 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 


Population. 


aty. 


1870...    19,706 


1871., 
1867. 
1871. 


16,326 
18,728 
17,821 


1877., 
1871., 
1871., 
1874.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 


62,197 
49,018 
33,050 
302,475 
109,199 
23,349 
17,522 
7,908 
12,077 
19,280 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870., 


43,674 
39,110 
10,174 
16,030 
30,841 


1890. 
1877. 
1879. 
1887. 
1881. 
1879. 
1877. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891 . 
1890. 
1891. 
1891., 
1890., 
1881., 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890., 
1890. 


..  22,202 

..  20,179 

.  20,608 

,.  27,660 

.  21,766 

.  5,311 

.  21,442 

.  56,713 

.  71,791 

.  52,742 

.  443,426 

.  188,932 

.  21,693 

.  24,546 

.  31,021 

.  11,541 

.  34,522 

.  13,602 

.  64,693 

.  55,013 

.  37,718 

.  27,132 

.  61,431 


Wilmington , 

Winterthur. , 

Witten 

Wolverhampton. . . 

Woonsocket , 

Worcester 

Worms 

Wlirzburg , 

Xenday 

Tamagata , 

Yarmouth  (Great). 

Yokohama 

Yonezawa 

Yonkers 

York 

York 

Zanesville 

Zante 

Zara. 

Zittau 

Zurich 

Zwickau 

Zwolle 


State. 


N.  Carolina.... 
Switzerland.... 

Prussia 

England 

Rhode   Island 
Massachusetts 

Germany 

Bavaria... 

Japan 

Japan 

England 

Japan 

Japan 

New  York 

England 

Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

Greece 

Austria. 

Saxony 

Switzerland.... 

Saxony 

Netherlands... 


Population. 


1870. 
1870., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870., 
1877., 


1871. 
1872. 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 


13,446  1890. 

9,404  1880. 

18,106  1890. 

68,291  1891. 

11,527  1890. 

41,105  1890. 

16,597  1890. 

44,975  1890. 

52,074  1890. 

1877. 

34,452  .  1891. 

61,553  1890. 

1877. 

18,357  1890. 

43,796  1891. 

11,003  1890. 


10,011 
17,616 


1870.. 
1870., 
1870.. 
1869.. 


20,417 
21,199 
31,491 
20,699 


1890. 
1890. 
1880. 
1890. 
1888. 
1890. 
1890. 


.  20,06« 

.  13,395 

.  26,314 

.  82,620 

.  20,830 

.  84,655 

.  26,504 

.  60,844 

.  90,231 

.  24,142 

.  49,318 

.  121,985 

.  27,544 

.  32,033 

.  66,984 

.  20,793 

.  21,009 

.  16,603 

.  24,526 

.  25,394 

.  90,088 

.  44,208 

.  26,728 


ADDENDUM  TO  FOREGOING  TABLE. 


CHty. 


Abmedabad 

Amritsir 

Angeles 

Ashton-under-Lyne 

Asunci6n 

Bangalore 

Baroda 

Bayonne  City 

Birmingham 

Bogota 

Bootle 

Bournemouth 

Brockton 

Cambridge 

Cangozima 

Canton 

Caracas 

Carlisle 

Cauquenes 

Chester 

Cheyenne 

Chilian 

Cienfuegoe 

Cochabaml)a 

Colombo 

Cordoba 

Dacca 

Dallas 

Delhi 

Dover 

Duluth 

Exeter 

Findlay 

Fort  Worth 

Furruckabad 

Fyzabad 

Oelsenkirchen 

Georgetown 

Gloucester 

Grimsby 

Guadalajara 

Guanajuato 

Guayaquil 

Hakodadi 

Hanley 

Harburg 

Havana 

Helena 

Hiroshima 

Howrah 

Hyderabad 

Indore 

Jacksonville 

Jajpoor 

Joliet. 

Kanazawa 

Kansas  City 

Kingston 

Knoxville 

Kob6 

Kurrachee 

LaCroRse 


State. 


India..... 

India 

Chili 

England 

Paraguay  

India 

India 

New  Jersey.... 

Alabama. 

Colombia 

England 

England 

Massachusetts 

England 

Japan 

Ohio 

Venezuela. 

England 

Chili 

England 

Wyoming 

Chili 

Cuba 

Bolivia 

Ceylon 

ArgentineRep 

India 

Texas 

India 

England 

Minnesota 

England 

Ohio 

Texas 

India 

India 

Prussia 

BritishGuiana 

England 

England 

Mexico 

Mexico 

Ecuador 

Japan 

England 

Prussia. 

Cuba. 

Montana 

Japan 

India 

India 

India 

Florida. 

India 

Illinois 

Japan 

Kansas 

Jamaica 

Tennessee 

Japan 

India 

Wisconsin 


Population. 


1881. 
1881. 


127,621 
,  155,896 


1881...  37,040 


1881. 
1881. 
1880. 
1880. 


.  166,857 
101,818 
,  9,372 
,  3,086 


1881., 
1881., 
1880., 
1881.. 


27,374 
18,607 
13.608 
36,363 


1880., 

imi.. 


12,258 
36,585 


1881.. 
1880.. 


36,794 
3,456 


1870...  100,238 


1881., 
1880. 
1872. 
1881. 
1880., 
1881. 
1880., 
1880., 
1881. 
1881., 
1880. 


79,076 

10,358 

154,417 

30,270 

838 

37,665 

4,663 

6,66:1 

62,437 

43,927 

14^616 


1881. 
1881. 


36,542 
40,010 


1881, 
1876. 


48,361 
17,131 


1880. 


3,624 
105,628 


1881.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1880.. 


75,401 

7,650 

142,678 

11,667 


1880., 

isso'.! 


3,200 
9,693 


1881.. 
1880.. 


73,560 
14,505 


1891., 
1891.. 
1889., 
1891., 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1881., 
1891.. 
1891 .. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1889.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 


145,990 

136,500 
61,354 
40,494 
24,838 

179,670 

116,460 
19,033 
26,178 

110,000 
49,217 
37,650 
27,294 
36,983 
57,466 
26,189 
70,466 
39,176 
45,950 
37,106 
11,690 
60,767 
66,067 
40,000 

126,926 
66,000 
83,760 
38,067 

193,580 
33,418 
33,115 
37,580 
18,553 
23,076 
78,180 
79,500 
28,033 
66,299 
39,444 
61,876 
83,122 
62,112 
40,(K)0 
52,909 
54,846 
35,090 

260,000 
13,834 
88,820 

129,800 

312,390 
92,170 
17,201 

158,890 
23,264 
94,267 
38,316 
40CK)0 
22,635 

136,639 

104,250 
25,090 


City. 


Lahore 

Lancaster 

La  Paz „ 

Leon 

Leon 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Little  Rock 

Los  Angeles 

Macon 

Madura. 

Mandalay 

Matanssis 

M6rida 

Mexico 

Montevideo 

Mookan 

Mysore 

Nagpoor 

Nassau 

Newport 

Newton 

Ovalle 

Oxford 

Panama 

Parft 

Patna. 

Pernambuco 

Peshawer 

Poona 

Portland 

Puebla 

Pueblo 

Puerto  Principe.. 

Queretaro 

Quito 

Rengo 

Rockford 

Rosario 

Saginaw 

San  Fernando , 

San  Jose , 

San  Luis  Potosi.. 

San  Salvador , 

Santiago  de  Cuba. 
Santo  Domingo.... 

Seattle 

Serinagur 

Sioux  City 

Somerville 

Southport 

Spokane  Falls , 

Springfield 

Surat 

Tacona 

Trichinopoly 

Waterbury 

West  Hartlepool.. 

Wichita 

Worcester , 

Youngstown 

Zacatecas 


State. 


Population. 


1881...  149,369 
1881...    24,239 


1881...  37,313 

1880...  13,765 

1880...  13,138 

1880...  11,183 

1880...  12,749 

1881...  73,807 


India 

England 

BoIivU 

Mexico 

Nicaragua 

England 

Rhode  Island.. 

Arkansas 

California 

Georgia 

India 

India 

Cuba 

Mexico 

Mexico 

Uruguay 

India 

India 

India 

N.  Providence 

England 

Massachusetts' 

Chili 

England 

Colombia 

Brazil 

India , 

Brazil 

India 1 1881...    69,292 

India :  1881...  129,751 

Oregon 11880...    17,577 

Mexico... 


1881...  68,674 
1881...  60,292 
1881...  98,300 


1881...  38,469 
1880...  16,995 


1881...  40,872 


1881...  170,664 


Colorado 

Cuba 

Mexico 

Ecuador 

Chili 

1880.. 

.      3,217 

Illinois 

1880.. 

.    13,129 

ArgentineRep 

Michigan 

Chili 

Costa  Rica. 

Mexico 



1880.. 

.    29,541 

Cuba 

SantoDomingo 
Washington.... 
India 

isso!! 

1880  !.* 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1880.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1880.. 

isso!." 

1881.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1880.. 

'.  "3,633 
.      7,366 

Massachusetts 
England 

.    24,933 

32,206 

350 

6,522 

109,840 

1,098 

17,808 
29.448 
4,911 

Washington... 
Missouri  ....... 

India 

Washington..^ 

India 

Connecticut.... 
England 

England 

Ohio 

38,270 
16,435 

Mexico 

1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1888. 
1891. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1889. 
1891. 
1881. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890., 
1890., 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890. 
1889., 
1890., 
1890.. 
1888.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 


,.  176,720 
..  81,038 
,.  80,000 
,.  120,000 
,.  26,000 
,.  41,491 
..  20,355 
..  25,874 
..  60,395 
..  22,746 
..  87,430 
..  187,910 
..  87,760 
,.  40,000 
,.  350,00a 
,.  175,000 
..  74,610 
,.  73,680 
..  117,910 
5,000 
..  64,696 
,.  24,379 
.  60,719 
.  46,741 
.  30,000 
.  60.000 
.  167,510 
.  130,000 
.  83,930 
.  160,460 
.  46.385 
.  78.530 
.  24,568 
.  46,641 
.  36,000 
.  80,000 
.  75,945 
.  23,584 
..  65,000 
.  46,322 
.  79,742 
.  26,000 
.  37,314 
.  16,-327 
.  71,307 
.  26,000 
.  42.83T 
.  120,340 
.  37,t^06 
.  40,162 
.  43,026 
.  19,922 
.  21,850 
.  108,000 
.  36,006 
.  90,730 
,  28,64d 
.  42,402 
.  23,863 
42,906 
33,220 
36,000 


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IV. 
ALPHABETICAL  TABLE  OP  THE  COUNTIES 

IN  THK 

UlsriTED  STATES. 


A  LIST  OF  COUNTIES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  SHOWING  THEIR  LOCATION  IN  THEIR  RESPECTIVE 

STATES,  THEIR  AREA  AS  OFFICIALLY  ESTIMATED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THEIR  INCREASE 

OR  DECREASE  IN  POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880 

AND  1890,  AND  THEIR  POPULATION  PER  SQUARE  MILE  IN  1890. 

Abbreviations. — Oen.,  central ;  E.Cen.,  east  central ;  K,  north ;  N.Cen.,  north  central ;  N.E.,  northeast;  N.E.Cen.,  northeast  central; 
N.N.E.,  north-northeast;  N.W.,  northwest;  N.W.Cen.,  northwest  central;  N.N.W,,  north-northwest;  8.,  sonth;  S.Cen.,  south  central; 
8.E.,  southeast;  S.E.Cen.,  southeast  central;  S.8.E.,  south-southeast;  S.W.,  southwest;  8.W.Cen,,  southwest  central;  B.8.W^  south- 
southwest;  TT.,  west;  IT. On.,  west  central ;  TT.S.  17.,  west-southwest. 

CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPAEED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


AbbeyiUe,  S.C 

Acadia,  La 

Accomack,  Ya 

Ada,  Idaho 

Adair,  Iowa. 

Adair,  Ky..„ 

Adair,  Mo 

Adams,  III 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Iowa. 

Adams,  Miss 

Adams,  Keb 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  Pa 

Adams,  Wash 

Adams,  Wis 

Addison,  Vt 

Aiken,  S.C 

Aitkin,  Minn 

Alachua,  Fla 

Alamance,  N.C 

Alameda,  Cal 

Albany,  N.Y 

Albany,  Wyo 

Albemarle,  Va 

Alcona,  Mich 

Alcorn,  Miss 

Alexander,  III 

Alexander,  K.C 

Alexandria,  Va 

Alger,  Mich 

Allamakee,  Iowa 

Allegan,  Mich 

Alleghany,  Md 

Alleghany,  N.Y 

Alleghany,  N.C 

Alleghany,  Pa. 

Alleghany,  Va 

Allen,  Ind 

Allen,  Kan 

Allen,  Ky 

Allen,  0 , 

Allred,  N.D 

Alpena,  Mich 

Alpine,  Cal , 

Alturas,  Idaho , 

Amador,  Cal 

Amelia,  Va 

Amherst,  Va 

Amite,  Miss 

Anderson,  Kan 

Anderson,  Ky 

Anderson,  S.C 

Anderson,  Tenn 

Anderson,  Tex 

Andrew,  Mo 

Andrews,  Tex 

Androscoggin,  Me.... 

Angelina,  Tex 

Anne  Arundel,  Md.. 

Anoka,  Minn 

Anson,  N.C 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antrim,  Mich , 

Apache,  Ariz , 

Api>anoo8e,  Iowa...... 

Appomattox,  Va 

Appling,  Qa 


Area 

Population.      | 

Location 
in  state. 

in 
sq.m. 

1880. 

1890. 

Per  sq.m. 
1890. 

W.N.W. 

1,006 

40,815 

46,854 

46.74 

S.W.Cen. 

630 

13,231 

21.001 

E. 

500 

24,408 

27,277 

54.65 

S.W. 

2,500 

4,674 

8,368 

3.3 

S.W.Cen. 

576 

11,667 

14,534 

25.2 

S.Cen. 

400 

13,078 

13,721 

34.3 

N.N.E. 

570 

15,190 

17,417 

30.5 

W. 

830 

59,135 

61,888 

74.5 

B.N.E. 

330 

15,385 

20,181 

61.1 

S.W.Cen. 

432 

11,888 

12,292 

28.2 

S.W. 

400 

22,649 

26,031 

66.07 

S.E.Cen. 

552 

10,235 

24,.3P3 

44.02 

S. 

488 

24,005 

26,093 

63.4 

S.S.E. 

535 

32,455 

33,486 

62.5 

S.E.Cen. 

1,908 

2,098 
6,889 

1.09 

S.Cen. 

690 

6,741 

9.9 

W.Cen. 

734 

24,173 

22,277 

30.3 

S.W.Cen. 

1,068 

28,112 

31,822 

29.7 

E.Cen. 

1,900 

366 

2,462 

1.2 

N.Cen. 

1,282 

16,462 

22,934 

17.8 

N.Cen. 

446 

14,613 

18,271 

40.9 

W.Cen. 

704 

62,976 

93,864 

133.3 

E. 

499 

154,890 

164,555 

329.7 

S.E. 

4,500 

4,626 

8,865 

1.97 

Cen. 

675 

32,618 

32,379 

47.9 

E.N.E. 

700 

3,107 

5,409 

7.7 

N.E. 

410 

14,272 

13,115 

32.2 

S.W. 

230 

14,808 

16,563 

72.013 

W.Cen. 

278 

8,365 

9,430 

33.9 

N.E. 

32 

17,546 

18,597 

581.1 

N. 

983 

690 

1,238 

1.2 

N.E. 

615 

19,791 

17,907 

29.1 

S.W. 

835 

37,815 

38,961 

46.6 

N.W. 

477 

38,012 

41,571 

87.16 

S.S.W. 

1,060 

41,810 

43,240 

40.7 

N.N.W. 

284 

5,486 

6,523 

22.9 

W.S.W, 

750 

355,869 

561,959 

736.93 

w. 

510 

5,586 

9,283 

18.2 

E.N.B. 

650 

54,763 

66,689 

102.59 

S.E. 

504 

11,303 

13,509 

26.8 

S.Cen. 

335 

12,089 

13,692 

40.8 

W.N.W. 

447 

31,314 

40,644 

91.8 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

450 
580 

""'8,789 

15,581 

26.8 

E.Cen. 

755 

539 

667 

0.88 

S.Cen. 

6,700 

1,693 

2,629 

0.39 

Cen. 

568 

11,384 

10,320 

18.3 

S.  E.Cen. 

380 

10,377 

9,068 

23.86 

S.W.Cen. 

490 

18,709 

17,551 

35.8 

S.W. 

700 

14,004 

18,198 

25.9 

E.S.E. 

576 

9,057 

14,203 

24.6 

N.Cen. 

200 

9,361 

10,610 

53.05 

N.W. 

690 

33,612 

43,696 

63.3 

N.E. 

360 

10,820 

15,128 

42.02 

E.Cen. 

1,000 

17,395 

20,923 

20.923 

N.W. 

420 

16,318 

16,000 

38.09 

W.N.W. 

1,500 

24 

0.016 

S.W. 

485 

46,'()42 

48,969 

100.9 

E. 

880 

5,239 

6,306 

7.1 

S.Cen. 

400 

28,526 

34,094 

85.2 

S.E.Cen. 

430 

7,108 

9,884 

22.9 

S.Cen. 

460 

17,994 

20,027 

43.6 

N.E.Cen. 

864 

3,593 

10,399 

12.03 

N.N.W. 

538 

5,237 

10,413 

19.3 

N.E. 

21,060 

5,283 

4,281 

0.23 

S.S.E. 

500 

16,636 

18,961 

37.9 

S.Cen. 

317 

10,080 

9,589 

30.2 

S.£.Ceu. 

1,074 

6,277 

8.678 

8.08 

Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Aransas,  Tex 

Arapahoe,  Col 

Archer,  Tex 

Archuleta,  Col 

Arenac,  Mich 

Arkansas,  Ark 

Armstrong,  Pa 

Armstrong,  Tex 

Aroostook,  Me 

Arthur,  Neb 

Ascension,  La 

Ashe,  N.C 

Ashland,  O 

Ashland,  Wis 

Ashley,  Ark 

Ashtabula,  0 

Asotin,  Wash 

Assumption,  La. 

Atascosa,  Tex 

Atchison,  Kan 

Atchison,  Mo 

Athens,  0 

Atlantic,  N.J 

Attala,  Miss 

Avoyelles,  La 

Audrain,  Mo 

Audubon,  Iowa 

Auglaize,  O 

Augusta,  Va 

Aurora,  S.D 

Austin,  Tex 

Autauga,  Ala 

Baca,  Col , 

Bailey,  Tex 

Baker,  Fla 

Baker,  Ga 

Baker,  Ore 

Baldwin,  Ala , 

Baldwin,  Ga , 

Ballard,  Ky 

Baltimore,  Md 

Bandera,  Tex 

Banks,  Ga , 

Banner,  Neb , 

Baraga,  Mich 

Barber,  Kan 

Barbour,  Ala. 

Barbour,  W.  Va , 

Barnes,  N.D , 

Barnstable,  Mass 

Barnwell,  S.C 

Barren,  Ky 

Barron,  Wis 

Barry,  Mich 

Barry,  Mo 

Bartholomew,  Ind.... 

Barton,  Kan 

Barton,  Mo 

Bartow,  Ga. 

Bastrop,  Tex 

Bates,  Mo 

Bath,  Ky 

Bath,  Va 

Baxter,  Ark 

Bay,  Mich 

Bayfield,  Wis 

Baylor,  Tex 

Beadle,  S.D 


Location 

Area 
in 

in  state. 

sq.m. 

8.S.K. 
Cen. 

N.Cen. 

400 

5,220 

900 

S. 

E.N.E. 

E.S.E. 

1,100 

388 

l,0fe2 

W.Cen. 

615 

N.N.W, 

900 

N. 

6,700 

W.Cen. 
S.E. 

720 
324 

N.W. 

436 

N.Cen. 

437 

N.N.W. 

1,648 

S.E. 

927 

N.E. 

700 

S.E. 

640 

S.E. 

335 

S.Cen. 

1,200 

N.E. 

423 

N.W. 

660 

S.E. 

485 

S.S.E. 

565 

E.Cen. 

760 

E.Cen. 

858 

N.E.Cen. 

680 

S.W.Cen. 

432 

N.W.Cen 

398 

N.W.Cen 

950 

S.E.Cen, 

725 

S.E. 

700 

S.Cen. 

660 

S.E. 

2,300 

N.W. 

900 

N.E. 

638 

S.W. 

355 

N.E. 

1,970 

S.W. 

1,620 

N.Cen. 

240 

S.W. 

260 

N.E. 

622 

S.Cen. 

970 

N.E. 

359 

S.W. 

756 

N.W. 

915 

S. 

1,134 

8.E. 

888 

N.Cen. 

396 

S.E. 

1,512 

S.E. 

373 

S.W. 

1,214 

S.Cen. 

445 

N.W. 

900 

S.W.Cen. 

580 

S.W.   , 

810 

S.E. 

400 

W.Cen. 

900 

W.S.W. 

612 

N.W. 

491 

S.E.Cen. 

960 

W.Cen. 

874 

N.E. 

270 

W.N.W. 

736 

N.Cen. 

646 

N.E. 

466 

N.W. 

1,406 

N.Cen. 

900 

£.Cen. 

1,235 

Population. 


1880. 


996 

38,644 

596 


2,931 
8,038 

47,641 
31 

41,700 


16,895 
14,437 
23,883 
1,669 
10,156 
37,139 

"if.oio 

4,217 
26,668 
14,666 
28,411 
18,704 
19,988 
16,747 
19,732 

7,448 
25,444 
36,710 
69 
14,429 
13,108 


i««o-     ^"l^^ 


2,303 
7,307 
4,616 
8,603 
13,806 
14,378 
83,336 
2,168 
7,337 


1,804 

2,661 
33,979 
11,870 

1,585 
31,879 
39,857 
22,321 

7,024 
26,317 
14,405 
22,777 
10,318 
10,:J32 
18,690 
17,216 
25,.381 
11,982 

4,482 

6,004 

35,160 

664 

716 

1,290 


1,824 
132,135 

2,101 
826 

6,683 
11,432 
46,747 
944 
49,689 
90 
19,646 
15,628 
22,223 
20,063 
13,296 
43,666 

1,680 
19,629 

6,459 
26,758 
15,533 
36,194 
28,836 
22,213 
25,112 
22,074 
12,412 
28,100 
37,005 

5,046 
17,859 
13,330 

1,479 

"'3,'333 

6,144 

6,764 

8,941 

14,608 

8,390 

72,909 

3,795 

8,662 

2,435 

3,036 

7,973 

34,898 

12,702 

7,046 

29,172 

44,613 

21,490 

16,416 

23,783 

22,943 

2.3,867 

13,172 

18,504 

20,616 

20,736 

32,223 

12,813 

4,687 

8,527 

66,412 

7,390 

2,696 

9,686 

31 


4.56 
25.3 

2.33 

0.75 
14.6 
10.7 
76.01 

1.04 

7.4 

0.12 
60.3 
36.8 
50.8 
12.1 
14.3 
62.3 

2.46 
58.6 

5.3 
63.2 
27.7 
72.7 
61.03 
29.6 
29.2 
32.4 
28.7 
70.6 
38.9 

6.9 
25.5 
20.2 

0.64 
...,.„„.., 

17.3 

3.4 

5.5 

60.8 

33.5 

117.2 

3.8 
23.8 

3.2 

3.4 

7.02 
39.2 
32.1 

4.6 
78.2 
36.7 
48.3 
17.1 
41.005 
28.3 
69.5 
14.6 
30.2 
41.9 
21.6 
36.8 
47.4 

6.2 
16.6 
125.3 

6.2 

2.88 

7.7 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Bear  Lake,  Idaho..... 

Beaufort,  N.C , 

Beaufort,  S.C 

Bearer,  Okla 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Utah 

Beaver  Head,  Mont.. 

Becker,  Minn 

Bedford,  Pa 

Bedford,  Tenn 

Bedford,  Va 

Bee,  Tex 

Belknap,  N.H 

Bell,  Ky 

Bell,  Tex 

Belmont,  O 

Beltrami,  Minn 

Benningtou,  Vt 

Benson,  N.D 

Bent,  Col 

Benton,  Ark , 

Benton,  Ind 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Minn 

Benton,  Miss 

Benton,  Mo , 

Benton,  Ore , 

Benton,  Tenn 

Beazie,  Mich , 

Bergen,  N.J 

Berkeley,  S.C 

Berkeley,  W.  Va 

Berks,  Pa. 

Berkshire,  Mass , 

Bernalillo,  N.M 

Berrien,  Ga 

Berrien,  Mich 

Bertie,  N.C 

Bexar,  Tex 

Bibb,  Ala 

Bibb,  Ga 

Bienville,  La 

Big  Horn,  Wyo 

Big  Stone,  Minn 

Billings,  N.D 

Bingham,  Idaho 

Bla«kford,  Ind 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa... 

Bladen,  N.C 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blair,  Pa. 

Blanco,  Tex 

Bland.  Va 

Bledsoe,  Tenn 

Blount,  Ala 

Blount,  Tenn 

Blue  Earth,  Minn.... 

Boise,  Idaho 

Bolivar,  Miss 

Bollinger,  Mo 

Bond,  111 

Bon  Homme,  S.D 

Boone,  Ark 

Boone,  III 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Ky 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Neb 

Boone,  W.  Va 

Borden,  Tex 

Boreman,  S.D 

Bosque,  Tex 

Bossier,  La 

Botetourt,  Va 

Bottineau,  N.D 

Boulder,  Col 

Bourlwn,  Kan 

Bourbon,  Ky 

Bowie,  Tex 

Bowman,  N.D 

Box  Butte,  Neb 

Box  Elder,  Utah 

Boyd,  Ky 

Boyle,  Ky 

Bracken,  Ky 

Bradford,  Fla. 

Bradford,  Pa 

Bradley,  Ark 

Bradley,  Tenn 

Branch,  Mich 

Braxton,  W.  Va 

Brazoria,  Tex 

Brazos,  Tex 

Breathitt,  Ky 

Breckenridge,  Ky... 

32 


Location 
in  state. 


S.E. 

E. 

S. 

N.W. 

W.S.W. 

S.W. 

8.W. 

N.W.Oen 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

8.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

E. 

E.N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E.8.E. 

S.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.N.B. 

8.S.E. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


1,100 
718 
967 

4,068 
463 

2,704 

4,200 

1,400 

1,000 
620 
675 
980 
392 
350 

1,000 
520 

6,040 
680 

1,368 

1,500 
891 
503 
720 
390 
436 
744 

1,370 
412 
340 
235 

1,742 
320 
901 
959 

8,628 
745 
570 
695 

1,180 
625 
235 
855 
12,260 
450 

3,360 
10,500 
170 
576 
890 
720 
524 
710 
320 
300 
752 
614 
750 

4,000 
876 
616 
380 
540 
672 
290 
420 
576 
270 
680 
692 
515 
940 

1,260 
980 
780 
548 

1,130 
790 
637 
244 
920 

1,224 

1,080 

7,016 
180 
180 
200 
560 

1,150 
755 
280 
504 
565 

1,440 
510 
450 
620 


Population. 


XooU*  XovUa  n  QQ(\ 


3,236 
17,474 
30,176 


39,605 

3,918 

2,712 

5,218 

34,929 

26,026 

31,205 

2,298 

17,948 

6,056 

20,518 

49,638 

10 

21,950 


1,664 
20,328 
11,108 
24,888 

3,012 
11,023 
12,396 

6,403 

9,780 

3,433 
36,786 
61,633 
17,380 
122,597 
69,032 
17,225 

6,619 
36,785 
16,399 
30,470 

9,487 
27,147 
10,442 

"*3,688 
1,323 


8,0S0 
23,913 
16,158 


62,740 

3,583 

5,004 

6,617 

15,369 

15,985 

22,889 

3,214 

18,652 

11,130 

14,866 

5,468 

12,146 

11,508 

25,922 

20,838 

11,996 

25,422 

4,170 

5,824 

35 

534 

11,217 

16,042 

14,809 

'9,723 
19,591 
15,956 
10,965 


6,761 
12,165 
11,930 
13,509 

6,112 
68,541 

6,285 
12,124 
27,941 

9,787 

9,774 
13,576 

7,742 
17,486 


6,057 
21,072 
34,119 

2,674 
50,077 

3,340 

4,656 

9,401 
38,644 
24,739 
32,213 

3,720 
20,321 
10,312 
33,177 
67,413 
312 
20,448 

2,460 

1,313 
27,716 
11,903 
24,178 

6,284 
10,686 
14,973 

8,650 
11,230 

5,237 
47,226 
55,428 
18,702 
137,327 
81,108 
20,913 
10,694 
41,285 
19,176 
49,266 
13,824 
42,370 
14,108 

"5,722 

170 

13,575 

10,461 

24,219 

16,763 

1,146 

70,866 

4,649 

5,129 

6,134 

21,927 

17,589 

29,210 

3,342 

29,980 

13,121 

14,550 

9,057 

15,816 

12,203 

26,572 

23,772 

12,246 

26,043 

8,683 

6,885 

222 


5.524 
29.3 
36.27 

0.6 
108.15 

1.2 

1.1 

6.71 
38.6 
47.6 
47.72 

3.7 

51.8 

29.4 

33.1 

110.4 

0.06 
30.07 

1.8 

0.8 
31.1 
23.66 
33.6 
16.1 
24.2 
20.1 

6.3 
27.2 
15.4 
200.96 
31.8 
68.4 
152.3 
84.57 

2.4 
14.3 
72.4 
27.6 
41.7 
22.1 
180.2 
16.5 


12.7 

0.06 

1.2 
61.6 
42.04 
18.8 

1.5 
135.2 

6.5 
16.028 
20.4 
29.1 
28.6 
38.9 

0.83 
34.2 
21.3 
38.3 
16.7 
2.3.5 
42.07 
63.2 
41.2 
45.3 
38.3 
12.5 
13.3 

0.23 


14,224 

14.5 

20,330 

26.06 

14,854 

27.1 

2,893 

2.56 

14,082 

17.68 

28,575 

44.8 

16,976 

69.5 

20,267 

22.02 

6 

0.005 

5,494 

5.08 

7,642 

1.08 

14,033 

77.9 

12,948 

71.9 

12,369 

61.8 

7,516 

13.4 

59,233 

51.5 

7,972 

10.5 

13,607 

48.5 

26,791 

53.1 

13,928 

24.6 

11,506 

7.9 

16,650 

32.6 

8,705 

19.3 

18,976 

36.6 

Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Bremer,  Iowa 

Brevard,  Fla 

Brewster,  Tex 

Briscoe,  Tex 

Bristol,  Mass 

Bristol,  R.I 

Brooke,  W.  Va 

Brookings,  S.D 

Brooks,  Ga 

Broome,  N.Y 

Brown,  111 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Kan 

Brown,  Minn 

Brown,  Neb 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  S.D 

Brown,  Tex 

Brown,  Wis 

Brule,  S.D 

Brunswick,  N.C 

Brunswick,  Va 

Bryan,  Ga 

Buchanan,  Iowa 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan,  Va 

Buchel,  Tex 

Buckingham,  Va 

Bucks,  Pa 

Buena  Vista,  Iowa.... 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  S.D 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buford,  N.D 

Bullitt,  Ky 

Bulloch,  Ga 

Bullock,  Ala 

Buncombe,  N.C 

Bureau,  111 

Burke,  Ga 

Burke,  N.C 

Burleigh,  N.D 

Burleson,  Tex 

Burlington,  N.J 

Burnet,  Tex 

Burnett,  WJ8.„ 

Burt,  Neb 

Butler,  Ala 

Butler,  Iowa 

Butler,  Kan 

Butler,  Ky 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Neb 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  Pa 

Butte,  Cal 

Butte,  S.D 

Butts,  Ga 

Cabarrus,  N.C 

Cabell,  W.Va 

Cache,  Utah 

Caddo,  La 

Calaveras,  Cal 

Calcasieu,  La.„ 

Caldwell,  Ky 

Caldwell,  La 

Caldwell,  Mo 

Caldwell,  N.C. 

Caldwell,  Tex 

Caledonia,  Vt 

Calhoun,  Ala. 

Calhoun,  Ark 

Calhoun,  Fla 

Calhoun,  Ga 

Calhoun,  III 

Calhoun,  Iowa 

Calhoun,  Mich 

Calhoun,  Miss 

Calhoun,  Tex 

Calhoun,  W.  Va 

Callahan,  Texas. 

Callaway,  Mo 

Callaway,  Ky 

Calumet,  Wis 

Calvert,  Md 

Cambria,  Pa 

Camden,  Ga. 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  N.J 

Camden,  N.C 

Cameron,  La 

Cameron,  Pa 

Cameron,  Tex 

Camp,  Tex 

Campbell,  Ga 

Campbell,  Ky 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E. 

S.E. 

W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E.Ceo. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.W, 

W. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

C«n. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

W. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

W. 

N. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.  E.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

W.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 


432 

2,446 

2,640 
900 
567 
25 
84 
795 
629 
685 
300 
330 
576 
585 

1,020 
460 

1,720 
900 
530 
826 
896 
600 
400 
576 
420 
450 

1,440 
628 
610 
576 
882 
610 
667 

1,620 
272 
903 
640 
628 
870 

1,080 
620 

1,692 
640 
860 

1,000 
891 
468 
782 
576 

1,428 
452 
716 
683 
476 
795 

1,720 

2,335 
204 
392 
300 

1,090 
825 
980 

3,410 
315 
648 
430 
460 
600 
648 
640 
675 

1,080 
265 
260 
576 
720 
600 
500 
260 
900 
760 
434 
340 
218 
680 
769 
692 
220 
256 

1,652 
382 

1,900 
200 
230 
140 


Population. 


1880. 


14,081 
1,478 


12 

139,040 

11,394 

6,013 

4,966 

11,727 

49,483 

13,041 

10,264 

12,817 

12,018 


32,911 
353 

8,414 

34,078 

238 

9,389 
16,707 

4,929 
18,546 
49,792 

5,694 


15,540 

68,656 

7,537 

7,531 

63 

15,628 


8,521 

8,063 

29,066 

21,909 

33,172 

27,128 

12,809 

3,246 

9,243 

65,402 

6,855 

3,140 

6,937 

19,649 

14,293 

18,586 

12,181 

6,011 

9,194 

42,579 

52,536 

18,721 


8,311 

14,964 

13,744 

12,562 

26,296 

9,094 

12,484 

11,282 

5,767 

13,646 

10,291 

11,757 

23,607 

19,591 

5,671 

1,580 

7,024 

7,467 

5,595 

38,462 

13,492 

1,739 

6,072 

3,453 

23,670 

13,295 

16,632 

10,638 

46,811 

6,183 

7,266 

62,942 

6,274 

2,416 

5,159 

14,959 

5,931 

9,970 

37.440 


1890. 


14,630 

3,401 

710 


186,466 
11,428 

6,660 
10,132 
13,979 
62,973 
11,951 
10,308 
20,319 
15,817 

4,359 
29,899 
16,855 
11,421 
39,164 

6,737 
10,900 
17,246 

5,520 
18,997 
70,100 

6,867 

307 

14,383 

70,615 

13,648 

22,162 

993 

15,997 

803 

8,291 
13,712 
27,063 
35,266 
36,014 
28,501 
14,939 

4,247 
13,001 
68,528 
10,747 

4,393 
11,069 
21,641 
15,463 
24,055 
13,956 
10,164 
16,454 
48,697 
55,339 
17,939 

1,037 
10,565 
18,142 
23,695 
15,509 
31,555 

8,882 
20,176 
13,186 

5,814 
15,152 
12,298 
15,769 
23,436 
33,835 

7,267 

1,681 

8,438 

7,662 

13,107 

43,601 

14,688 

815 

8,155 

5,457 
25,131 
14,675 
16,639 

9,860 
66,375 
61,078 
10,040 
87,687 

5,667 

2,828 

7,238 
14,424 

6,624 

9,115 
44,208 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Campbell,  8.D 

Campbell,  Tenn 

Campbell,  Va 

Canadian,  Okla 

Cannon,  Tenn 

Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 

Cape  May,  N.J 

Carbon,  Pa 

Carbon,  Wyo 

CarliBle,  Ky 

Carlton,  Minn 

Caroline,  Md 

Caroline,  Va 

Carroll,  Ark 

Carroll,  Ga 

Carroll,  111 

Carroll,  Ind 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Ky 

Carroll,  Md 

Carroll,  Miss 

Carroll,  Mo 

Carroll,  N.H 

Carroll,  0 

Carroll,  Tenn 

Carroll,  Va 

Carson,  Tex 

Carter,  Ky 

Carter,  Mo 

Carter,  Tenn 

Carteret,  N.C 

Carver,  ikiinn 

Cascade,  Mont 

Casey,  Ky 

Cass,  111 

Caes,  Ind 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Mich 

Cass,  Minn 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass,  Neb 

Cass,  N.D 

Cass,  Tex 

Cassia,  Idaho 

Castro,  Tex 

Caswell,  N.C 

Catahoula,  La 

Catawba,  N.C 

Catoosa,  Ga 

Cattaraugus,  N.Y 

Cavalier,  N.D 

Cayuga,  N.Y 

Cecil,  Md 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Neb 

Centre,  Pa 

Cerro  Gordo,  Iowa... 

Chaffee,  Col 

Chambers,  Ala 

Chambers,  Tex 

Champaign,  111 

Champaign,  0 

Chariton,  Mo 

Charles,  Md 

Charles  City,  Va 

Charles  Mix,  S.D 

Charlevoix,  Mich 

Charleston,  S.C 

Charlotte,  Va 

Charlton,  Ga 

Chase,  Kan 

Chase,  Neb 

Chatham,  Ga 

Chatham,  N.C 

Chattahoochee,  Ga... 

Chato<iga,  Ga 

Chautauqua,  Kan.... 

Chautauqua,  N.Y 

Chaves,  N.M 

Cheatham,  Tenn 

Cheboygan,  Mich 

Chehalis,  Wash 

Chemung,  N.Y 

Chenango,  N.Y 

Cherokee,  Ala 

Cherokee,  Ga 

Cherokee,  Iowa 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  N.C 

Cherokee,  Tex 

Cherr\',  Neb 

Cheshire,  N.H 

Chester,  Pa , 

Chester,  S.C 

Chester,  Tenn , 


Location 
in  8tat«. 


N.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

Xl.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

W. 

N.E  Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

W.Cen. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

s.w. 

N.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

8.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.S.B. 

E.8.E. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.E.  Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.S.E. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

W. 

N.E.Cen 

N.NW. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


900 
488 
465 

1,125 
280 
540 
255 
412 

7,800 
190 
860 
315 
516 
659 
549 
440 
370 
576 
165 
426 
615 
690 
907 
401 
600 
450 
900 
544 
500 
298 
510 
340 

2,600 
444 
360 
420 
576 
504 

2,990 
688 
530 

1,764 
950 

4,500 
840 
410 

1,380 
388 
149 

1,356 

1,512 
773 
375 
676 
496 
735 

1,145 
676 

1,150 
600 
840 

1,000 
447 
740 
460 
200 

1,130 
427 
193 
500 

1,055 
750 
888 
433 
784 
220 
331 
661 

1,020 

'"406 
815 

2,104 
436 
854 
686 
409 
576 
676 
530 

1,000 

5,668 
784 
764 
570 
288 


Population. 


1880.         1890.     ^^890."' 


60 
10,006 
36,260 


11,869 
20,998 

9,766 
31,923 

3,438 


1,230 
13,766 
17,243 
13,337 
16,901 
16,976 
18,345 
12,351 

8,963 
30,992 
17,795 
23,274 
18,224 
16,416 
22,103 
13,323 


12,345 
2,168 

10,019 
9,784 

14,140 


10,983 
14,493 
27,611 
16,943 
22,009 
486 
22,431 
16,683 

8,998 
16,724 

1,312 


17,826 
10,277 
14,946 
4,739 
65,806 


65,081 
27,108 
18,936 
10,741 

2,899 
37,922 
11,461 

6,512 
23,440 

2,187 
40,863 
27,817 
25,224 
18,648 

5,512 
407 

6,116 
51,167 
16,653 

2,154 

6,081 

70 

45,023 

23,463 

5,670 
10,021 
11,072 
65,342 

"7,9.56 

6,524 

921 

43,066 

39,891 

19,108 

14,325 

8,240 

21,905 

8,182 

16,723 


28,734 
83,481 
24,163 


3,510 
13,486 
41,087 

7,158 
12,197 
22,060 
11,268 
38,624 

6,867 

7,612 

6,272 
13,903 
16,681 
17,288 
22,301 
18,320 
20,021 
18,828 

9,266 
32,376 
18,773 
25,742 
18,124 
17,566 
23,630 
16,497 
356 
17,204 

4,669 
13,389 
10,825 
16,532 

8,765 
11,848 
15,963 
31,152 
19,646 
20,963 

1,246 
23,301 
24,080 
19,613 
22,654 

3,143 

9 

16,028 

12,002 

18,689 

5,431 
60,866 

6,471 
65,302 
25,851 
18,253 
15,620 

7,028 
43,269 
14,864 

6,612 
26,319 

2,241 
42,159 
26,980 
26,254 
16,191 

6,066 

4,178 

9,686 
59,903 
15,077 

3,335 

8,233 

4,807 
67,740 
25,413 

4,902 
11,202 
12,297 
76,202 

"*8,846 
11,986 

9,249 
48,265 
37,776 
20,459 
15,412 
15,659 
27,770 

9,976 
22,975 

6,428 
29,579 
89,377 
26,660 

9,069 


3.9 
27.6 
88.3 

6.3 
43.5 
40.85 
44.1 
93.7 

0.87 
40.06 

6.1 
44.1 
32.3 
20.2 
40.6 
41.6 
54.1 
32.6 
56.1 
76. 
30.5 
37.3 
19.9 
43.8 
39.3 
34.4 

0.3 
31.6 

9.3 
44.9 
21.2 
48.62 

3.3 
26.7 
44.3 
74.1 
34.1 
41.6 

0.41 
33.8 
46.4 
11.1 
23.7 

0.69 

O.Ol 
39.09 

8.7 
48.3 
36.4 
44.8 

4.29 
84.6 
66.2 
31.6 
31.4 

9.6 
37.8 
26.8 

6.76 
43.8 

2.6 
42.1 
60.3 
36.4 
33.02 
25.33 

3.69 
22.6 
310.3 
30.1 

3.1 
10.9 

5.4 
133.3 
32.4 
22.2 
33.8 
18.8 
73.7 


22.1 
14.7 
4.3 
110.6 
44.2 
34.9 
37.6 
27.1 
48.3 
18.8 
22.976 
1.1 
37.7 
11.6 
46.7 
31.4 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Chesterfield,  S.C 

Chesterfield,  Va 

Cheyenne,  Col 

Cheyenne,  Kan 

Cheyenne,  Neb 

Chickasaw,  Iowa 

Chickasaw,  Miss 

Chicot,  Ark 

Childress,  Tex 

Chilton,  Ala 

Chippewa,  Mich 

Chippewa,  Minn 

Chippewa,  Wis 

Chisago,  Minn 

Chittenden,  Vt 

Choctaw,  Ala 

Choctaw,  Miss 

Choteau,  Mont 

Choteau,  S.D 

Chowan,  N.C 

Christian,  111 

Christian,  Ky 

Christian,  Mo 

Church,  N.D 

Churchill,  Nev 

Citrus,  Fla 

Clackamas,  Ore 

Claiborne,  La 

Claiborne,  Miss 

Claiborne,  Tenn 

Clallam,  Wash 

Clare,  Mich 

Clarendon,  S.C 

Clarion,  Pa 

Clark,  III 

Clark,  0 

Clark,  S.D 

Clark,  Wash....; 

Clark,  Wis 

Clarke,  Ala 

Clarke,  Ark 

Clarke,  Ga 

Clarke,  Ind 

Clarke,  Iowa 

Clarke,  Kan 

Clarke,  Ky 

Clarke,  Miss 

Clarke,  Mo 

Clarke,  Va 

Clatsop,  Ore 

Clay,  Ala 

Clay,  Ark 

Clay,  Fla 

Clay,  Ga 

Clay,  111 

Clay,  Ind 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Kan 

Clay,  Ky 

Clay,  Minn 

Clay,  Miss 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Neb 

Clay,  N.C 

Clay,  S.D 

Clay,  Tenn 

Clay,  Tex 

Clay,  W.  Va 

Clayton,  Ga 

Clayton,  Iowa 

Clear  Creek,  Col 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Cleburne,  Ala 

Cleburne,  Ark 

Clermont,  0 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  N.C 

Cleveland,  Okla 

Clinch,  Ga 

Clinton,  111 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Ky 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,© 

Clinton,  Pa 

Cloud,  Kan 

Coahoma,  Miss 

Cobb,  Ga 

Cochise,  Ariz 

Cochran,  Tex 

Cocke,  Tenn 

Cocomino,  Ariz 

Codington,  S.D ^. 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

B.Cen. 

N.W. 

W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

E 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

W.S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

s.s.w. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

W.S.W. 

N.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

B.S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S  W 

N.W.Cen 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

8.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

W.S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.  W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.  Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

8.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

N. 

N.E. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


986 
466 

1,800 

1,020 

3,288 
504 
520 
760 
760 
710 

1,606 
575 

1,980 
435 
616 
916 
404 
27,280 
870 
220 
710 
708 
656 

1,020 

4,862 
692 

1,684 
800 
462 
472 

1,824 
680 
664 
680 
510 
393 
970 
648 

1,224 

1,160 
906 
140 
381 
432 
976 
260 
660 
610 
266 
815 
599 
668 
634 
192 
470 
361 
676 
660 
680 

1,009 
420 
416 
676 
160 
410 
260 

1,100 
326 
135 
745 
390 

1,079 
546 
668 
496 
693 
420 

1,400 
988 
494 
400 
680 
220 
580 
440 
996 
384 
860 
720 
600 
379 

6,004 

840 

468 

21,000 

720 


Population. 


1880. 


16,345 
23,773 


37 

1,558 

14,634 

17,906 

10,117 

26 

10,793 

5,248 

6,408 

15,491 

7,982 

32,792 

10,793 

9,ft'}6 

3,058 


7,900 
28,227 
31,682 

9,628 


479 


9,260 

18,837 

16,768 

13,373 

638 

4,187 

18,263 

49,328 

21,894 

41,948 

114 

5,490 

10,715 

17,806  / 

15,771 

11,702 

28,610 

11,513 

163 

12,116 

15,021 

16,031 

7,682 

7,222 

12,938 

7,213 

2,838 

6,660 

16,192 

25,854 

4,248 

12,320 

10,222 

6,887 

17,367 

15,572 

11,294 

3,316 

5,001 

6,987 

5,046 

3,460 

8,027 

28,829 

7,823 

43,408 

10,976 


36,713 

8,370 

16,571 


4,138 
18,714 
23,472 
36.763 

7,212 
28,100 
16,073 
60,897 
24,766 
26,278 
15,343 
13,568 
20,748 


14,808 
"2,156 


1890.     P-^- 


18,468 

26,211 

5.34 

4,401 

6,693 

15,019 

19,891 

11,419 

1,175 

14,649 

12,019 

8,566 

26,143 

10,359 

36,389 

14,549 

10,847 

4,741 

8 

9.167 

30,531 

34,118 

14,017 

74 

703 

2.394 

15,233 

23,312 

14,516 

16,103 

2,771 

7,558 

23,233 

36,802 

21,899 

62,277 

6,728 

11,709 

17,708 

22,624 

20,997 

15,186 

30,269 

11,332 

2,367 

15,434 

15,826 

15,126 

8,071 

10,016 

15,765 

12,200 

6,154 

7,817 

16,772 

30,636 

9,309 

16,146 

12,447 

11,517 

18,607 

19,856 

16,310 

4,197 

7,509 

7,260 

7,503 

4,669 

8,295 

26,733 

7,184 

69,566 

13,218 

7,884 

33,553 

11,362 

20,394 

6,605 

6,652 

17,411 

27,370 

41,199 

7,047 

26,609 

17,138 

46,4;n 

24,240 

28,685 

19,295 

18,342 

22,286 

6,938 

16,523 

"7,<m 


18.7 
66.3 

0.29 

4.3 

1.7 
29.8 
38.2 
15.02 

1.5 
20.4 

7.4 
14.8 
12.7 
23.8 
68.6 
15.8 
26.8 

0.13 

0.009 
41.6 
43.001 
48.1 
2i5.2 

0.072 

0.14 

4.04 

8.6 
29.1 
32.1 
33.5 

1.5 
13.03 
34.9 
63.4 
42.9 
133.02 

6.9 
18.07 
14.4 
19.5 
23.1 
108.4 
79.4 
26.2 

2.4 
59.3 
23.9 
29.6 
31.6 
12.2 
26.3 
21.6 

8.12 
40.7 
35.6 
84.5 
16.1 
24.4 
21.4 
11.4 
44.3 
47.8 
28.3 
26.2 
18.3 
27.1 

6.82 
14.3 
CI. 4 
35.8 
18.4 
64.2 
24.2 
14.1 
67.64 
16.3 
48.6 

4.6 

6.73 
37.4 
60.8 
60.5 
32.03 
46.7 
38.8 
46.6 
63.1 
33.7 
26.7 
36.6 
68.8 

1.16 

36.07' 
...„„... 


33 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Coffee,  Ala 

Coffee,  Ga 

Coffee,  Tenn 

Coffey,  Kan 

Coke,  Tex 

Colbert,  Ala 

Cole,  Mo 

Coleman,  Tex 

Coles,  111 

Colfax,  Neb 

Colfax,  N.M 

Colleton,  8.C 

Collin,  Tex 

Collingsworth,  Tex. 

Colorado,  Tex 

Colquitt,  Ga 

Columbia,  Ark 

Columbia,  Fla 

Columbia,  Ga 

Columbia,  N.Y 

Columbia,  Ore 

Columbia,  Pa 

Columbia,  Wash 

Columbia,  Wis 

Columbiana,  O 

Columbus,  N.C 

Colusa,  Cal 

Comal,  Tex 

Comanche,  Kan 

Comanche,  Tex 

Concho,  Tex 

Concordia,  La 

Conecuh,  Ala 

Conejos,  Col 

Contra  Costa,  Cal.... 

Converse,  Wyo 

Conway,  Ark 

Cook,  111 

Cook,  Minn 

Cooke,  Tex 

Cooper,  Mo 

Cops,  N.H 

Coos,  Ore 

Coosa,  Ala 

Copiah,  Miss 

Cortland,  N.Y 

Coryell,  Tex 

Coshocton,  0 

Costilla,  Col 

Cottle,  Tex 

Cottonwood,  Minn... 

Covington,  Ala 

Covington,  Miss 

Cpweta,  Ga. 

Cowley,  Kan 

Cowlitz,  Wash 

Craig,  Va 

Craighead,  Ark. 

Crane,  Tex 

Craven,  N.C 

Crawford,  Ark 

Crawford,  Gfa 

Crawford,  111 

Crawford,  Ind 

Crawford,  Iowa 

Crawford,  Kan 

Crawford,  Mich 

Crawford,  Mo 

Crawford,  0 

Crawford,  Pa 

Crawford,  Wis 

Crenshaw,  Ala 

Crittenden,  Ark 

Crittenden,  Ky 

Crockett,  Tenn 

Crockett,  Tex 

Crook,  Ore „ 

Crook,  Wyo 

Crosby,  Tex 

Cross,  Ark 

Crow  Wing,  Minn.., 

Cullman,  Ala 

Culpeper,  Va 

Cumberland,  111 , 

Cumberland,  Ky 

Cumberland,  Me 

Cumberland,  N.J 

Cumberland,  N.C... 

Cumberland,  Pa , 

Cumberland,  Tenn. 

Cumberland,  Va 

Cuming,  Neb 

Currituck,  N.C 

Curry,  Ore 

Custer,  Col 

Custer,  Idaho , 


Location 
in  state. 


S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.B. 

S. 

N.N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

W.Cen. 

E 

N.Cen. 

N.B. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

Cen. 

N. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.S.E. 

S.W. 

w. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

E 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.N.B. 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

E.N.B. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen 

E.S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

8.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

8.W. 

S.Cen. 

Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


Population. 


1880.         1890.      ^Ys'^"- 


728 

8,119 

1,145 

5,070 

360 

12,894 

648 

11,438 

900 

556 

16,153 

390 

15,515 

1,290 

3,603 

520 

27,042 

400 

6,588 

6,600 

3,398 

1,920 

36,386 

880 

25,983 

900 

6 

900 

16,673 

550 

2,527 

825 

14,090 

862 

9,589 

333 

10,465 

691 

47,928 

693 

2,042 

480 

32,409 

864 

7,103 

780 

28,065 

538 

48,602 

940 

14,439 

2,450 

13,118 

580 

5,646 

795 

372 

960 

8,608 

1,010 

800 

680 

14,914 

804 

12,605 

1,200 

6,605 

810 

12,525 

6,600 

493 

12,766 

960 

607,624 

1,520 

65 

920 

20,391 

662 

21,596 

1,771 

18,580 

1,750 

4,834 

684 

15,113 

760 

27,552 

480 

26,825 

1,000 

10,924 

650 

26,642 

1,720 

2,878 

1,080 

24 

640 

3,533 

994 

5,639 

570 

5,993 

506 

21,109 

1,122 

21,5.38 

1,124 

2,062 

381 

3,794 

668 

7,037 

1,000 

792 

19,729 

582 

14,740 

324 

8,656 

452 

16,197 

270 

12,366 

720 

12,413 

592 

16,861 

680 

1,159 

710 

10,766 

393 

30,683 

1,010 

68,607 

536 

16,644 

640 

11,726 

614 

9,415 

340 

11,688 

260 

14,109 

3,510 

127 

8,150 

5,250 

239 

900 

82 

672 

6,050 

550 

2,319 

577 

6,355 

322 

13,408 

350 

13,759 

316 

8,894 

1,005 

86,359 

505 

37,687 

794 

23,836 

660 

45,977 

676 

4,538 

290 

10,540 

676 

5,569 

217 

6,476 

1,690 

1,208 

720 

8,080 

3,500 

12,170 
10,483 
13,827 
15,856 

2,059 
20,189 
17,281 

6,112 
30,093 
10,453 

7,974 

40,293 

36,736 

367 

19,512 

4,794 
19,893 
12,877 
11,281 
46,172 

5,191 
36,832 

6,709 
28,350 
69,029 
17,586 
14,640 

6,398 

2,549 
16,608 

1,065 
14,871 
14,694 

7,193 
13,515 

2,738 
19,459 
1,191,922 
98 
24,696 
22,707 
23,211 

8,874 
15,906 
30,233 
28,657 
16,873 
26,703 

3,491 
240 

7,412 

7,536 

8,299 
22,364 
34,478 

6,917 

3,835 

12,025 

15 

20,533 

21,713 

9,315 
17,283 
13,941 
18,894 
30,286 

2,962 
11,961 
31,927 
65,324 
16,987 
16,425 
13,940 
13,119 
15,146 
194 

3,244 

2,338 
346 

7,96;J 

8,862 
13,439 
13,233 
15,443 

8,452 
90,949 
45,438 
27,321 
47,271 

6,376 

9,482 
12,265 

6,747 

1,709 

2,970 

2,176 


16.7 

9.14 
38.4 
24.4 

2.28 

3.703 
44.3 

4.7 
67.8 
26.1 

1.208 
20.9 
41.7 

0.39 
21.68 

8.72 
24.1 
14.9 
33.8 
66.82 

7.34 
76.7 

7.76 
36.34 
109.72 
18.7 

6.9 
11.02 

3.206 
16.3 

1.05 
21.8 
18.1 

6.99 
16.6 

0.41 

39.4 

1241.5 

0.064 
26.8 
40.4 
13.1 

6.06 
23.2 
39.78 
69.7 
16.8 
48.6 

2.029 

0.22 
11.6 

7.5 
14.5 
44.1 
30.7 

5.26 
10.06 
18.001 

0.015 
25.9 
37.3 
28.7 
38.2 
61.6 
26.2 
61.1 

6.96 
16.8 
81.2 
64.6 
29.8 
24.1 
22.6 
38.6 
58.2 

0.056 

0.39 

0.44 

0.38 
11.8 
16.09 
23.2 
41.09 
44.1 
26.8 
90.4 
89.9 
34.4 
84.4 

9.3 
32.69 
21.2 
31.09 

1.07 

4.12 

0.621 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Custer,  Mont 

Custer,  Neb 

Custer,  S.D 

Cuyahoga,  0 

Dade,  Fla. 

Dade,  Ga 

Dade,  Mo 

Dakota,  Minn 

Dakota,  Neb 

Dale,  Ala 

Dallam,  Tex 

Dallas,  Ala 

Dallas,  Ark 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  Tex 

Dane,  Wis 

Dare,  N.C 

Darke,  0 

Darlington,  S.O 

Dauphin,  Pa 

Davidson,  N.C 

Davidson,  Tenn 

Davie,  N.C 

Daviess,  Ind 

Daviess,  Ky 

Daviess,  Mo 

Davis,  Iowa 

Davis,  Utah 

Davison,  S.D 

Dawes,  Neb 

Dawsun,  Ga 

Dawson,  Mont. 

Dawson,  Neb 

Dawson,  Tex 

Day,  S.D 

Deaf  Smith,  Tex 

Dearborn,  Ind 

Decatur,  Ga. 

Decatur,  Ind 

Decatur,  Iowa 

Decatur,  Kan 

Decatur,  Tenn 

Deer  Lodge,  Mont. ... 

Defiance,  0 

De  Kalb,  Ala 

De  Kalb,  Ga 

De  Kalb,  111 

De  Kalb,  Ind 

De  Kalb,  Mo 

De  Kalb,  Tenn 

Delano,  S.D 

Delaware,  Ind < 

Delaware,  Iowa. 

Delaware,  N.Y 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  Pa. 

Del  Norte,  Cal 

Delta,  Col 

Delta,  Mich 

Delta,  Tex 

Dent,  Mo 

Denton,  Tex 

Desha,  Ark 

Des  Moines,  Iowa„... 

De  Soto,  Fla. 

De  Soto,  La 

De  Soto,  Miss 

Deuel,  Neb 

Deuel,  S.D 

Dewey,  S.D 

De  Witt,  111 

De  Witt,  Tex 

Dickens,  Tex 

Dickenson,  Va. 

Dickey,  N.D 

Dickinson,  Iowa. 

Dickinson,  Kan 

Dickinson,  Mich 

Dickson,  Tenn 

Dimmit,  Tex 

Dinwiddle,  Va 

Dixon,  Neb 

Doddridge,  W.  Va 

Dodge,  Ga 

Dodge,  Minn 

Dodge,  Neb 

Dodge,  Wis 

Dolores,  Col 

Donna  Ana,  N.M 

Doniphan,  Kan 

Donley,  Tex 

Dooly,  Ga 

Door,  Wis 

Dorchester,  Md 

Dougherty,  Md 


Location 
in  state. 


S.E. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E.C«n. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

8.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.B. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

W.S.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.B. 

N. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

8.S.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N.E. 

S.KCen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

8.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W. 

S.B. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 


S.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.N.B. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

s. 

N.E. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.B. 

S.B. 

S.W. 


Area 


sq.m. 


26,580 

2,592 

1,615 
480 

6,636 
186 
600 
575 
280 
660 

1,400 
964 
676 
576 
630 
900 

1,200 
240 
600 
673 
610 
580 
608 
296 
430 
410 
576 
500 
290 
436 

1,404 

192 

26,680 

1,028 
900 

1,080 

1,380 
287 

1,106 
380 
634 
900 
310 

6,086 
414 
760 
269 
660 
370 
440 
310 

1,046 
400 
576 

1,557 
452 
200 

1,500 

1,150 
718 
260 
720 
900 
733 
400 

3,272 
865 
480 

2,139 
630 

2,235 
405 
880 
840 
375 

1,152 
408 
851 
800 
620 

1,100 
529 
468 
475 
414 
430 
520 
900 

1,000 

8,992 
378 
900 
705 
450 
610 
312 


Population. 


1880.    1890.  ^YstS""*" 


2,510 

2,211 

955 

196,943 

257 

4,702 

12,557 

17,391 

3,213 

12,677 


48,433 

6,506 

18,746 

9,263 

33,478 

63,233 

3,243 

40,496 

25,622 

76,148 

20,333 

79,026 

11,096 

21,562 

27,730 

19,146 

16,468 

6,279 

1,266 


6,837 

180 

2,909 

24 

97 

38 

26,671 

19,072 

19,779 

15,336 

4,180 

8,498 

8,876 

22,615 

12,676 

14,497 

26,768 

20,225 

13,334 

14,813 


22,926 
17,950 
42,721 
27,381 
66,101 
2,584 


6,812 

6,597 

10,646 

18,143 

8,973 

33,099 


15,603 
22,924 


2,302 

46 

17,010 

10,082 

28 


1,901 
15,251 


12,460 

665 

13,719 

4,177 
10,552 

5,358 
11,344 
11,263 
45,931 


7,612 
14,257 
160 
12,420 
11,645 
23,110 
12,622 


6,308 
21,677 

4,891 

309,970 

861 

5,707 
17,526 
20,240 

5,386 

17,225 

112 

49,350 

9,296 
20,479 
12,647 
67,042 
69,579 

3.768 
42i961 
29,134 
96,977 
21,702 
108,174 
11,621 
26,227 
33,120 
20,456 
15,258 

6,761 

6,449 

9,722 

6,612 

2,056 

10,129 

29 

9,168 
179 
23,364 
19,949 
19,277 
16,643 

8,414 

8,996 
16,155 
25,769 
21,106 
17,189 
27,066 
24,307 
14,639 
15,660 
40 
30,131 
17,349 
46,496 
27,189 
74,683 

2,692 

.    2,534 

15,330 

9,117 
12,149 
21,289 
10,324 
35,324 

4,944 
19,860 
24,183 

2,893 

4,574 


17,011 

14,307 

295 

5,077 

5,673 

4,328 

22,273 


13,646 

1,049 

13,615 

8,084 

12,183 

11,452 

10,864 

19,260 

44,984 

1,498 

9,191 

13,5:J6 

1,056 

18,146 

15,682 

24,843 

12,206 


84 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Douglas,  Col 

Douglas,  Ga 

Douglas,  111 < 

Douglas,  Kan 

Douglas,  Minn.... 

Douglas,  Mo 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Nev , 

Douglas,  Ore , 

Douglas,  S.D 

Douglas,  Wash...., 

Douglas,  Wis 

Drew,  Ark 

Du  Bois,  Ind 

Dubuque,  Iowa.... 

Dukes,  Mass 

Dundy,  Neb 

Dunklin,  Mo 

Dunn,  N.D 

Dunn,  Wis 

Du  Page,  111 

Duplin,  N.C 

Durham,  N.C , 

Dutchess,  N.T 

Duval,  Fla 

Duval,  Tex 

Dyer,  Tenn 

Eagle,  Col 

Early,  Ga 

East  Baton  Rouge,  La 

Bast  Carroll,  La 

East  Feliciana,  La.... 

Eastland,  Tex 

Eaton,  Mich 

Eau  Claire,  Wis 

Echols,  Ga 

Ector,  Tex 

Eddy,  N.D 

Eddy,  N.M 

Edgar,  111 

Edgecombe,  N.C 

Edgefield,  S.C 

Edmonson,  Ky 

Edmunds,  S.D 

Edwards,  111 

Edwards,  Kan 

Edwards,  Tex 

Effingham,  Ga 

Effingham,  111 

Elbert,  Col 

Elbert,  Ga 

El  Dorado,  Cal 

Elizabeth  City,  Va.... 

Elk,  Kan 

Elk,  Pa 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elko,  Nev 

Elliot,  Ky 

Ellis,  Kan 

Ellis,  Tex 

Ellsworth,  Kan 

Elmore,  Ala 

Elmore,  Idaho 

El  Paso,  Col 

El  Paso,  Tex 

Emanuel,  Ga 

Emery,  Utah 

Emmet,  Iowa 

Emmet,  Mich 

Emmons,  N.D 

Encinal,  Tex 

Erath,  Tex 

Brie,  N.Y 

Erie,  O 

Erie,  Pa 

Escambia,  Ala 

Escambia,  Fla 

Esmeralda,  Nev 

Essex,  Mass 

Essex,  N.J 

Essex,  N.T 

Essex,  Vt 

Essex,  Va 

Estill,  Ky 

Etowah,  Ala 

Eureka,  Nev 

Ewing,  S.D 

Fairfax,  Va 

Fairfield,  Conn 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  S.C 

Fall  River,  S.D 

Falls,  Tex 

Fannin,  Ga 

Fannin,  Tex 

Faribault,  Minn „ 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

E. 

W. 

s.w. 

S.S.E. 
E.Cen. 
N.W. 

S.B. 

s.w. 

N.E. 
8. 

S.w. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

E 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 


N.W. 
N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

W. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.8.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

N.B. 

S. 


sq.  m. 


840 
178 
410 
469 
720 
792 
330 
892 

4,875 
450 

4,552 

1,336 
802 
410 
600 
124 
912 
500 

1,152 
860 
340 
828 
292 
853 
900 

1,750 
495 

1,600 
429 
450 
400 
485 
900 
580 
648 
390 
900 
648 

6,800 
630 
520 
775 
348 

1,154 
220 
612 

2,620 
449 
490 

1,880 
406 

1,790 
50 
651 
760 
470 
17,652 
270 
625 
950 
729 
652 

3,000 

2,660 

9,750 

1,028 

5,723 
408 
438 

1,584 

1,700 

1,000 
996 
260 
770 
972 
680 

8,540 
503 
127 

1,667 
730 
235 
260 
510 

4,150 

1,008 
420 
540 
474 
775 

1,770 
770 
409 

1,000 
720 


Population. 

1880. 

1890. 

Per  sq.m. 
1890. 

2,486 

.3,006 

3.57 

6,934 

7,794 

43.7 

16,853 

17,669 

43.09 

21,700 

23,961 

61.11 

9,130 

14,606 

20.2 

7,753 

14,111 

17.8 

37,645 

158,008 

478.8 

1,581 

1,551 

1.73 

9,596 

11,864 

2.43 

6 

4,600 

10.22 

3,161 
13,468 

0.69 
10.07 

655 

12,131 

17,362 

21.6 

16,992 

20,253 

49.3 

42,996 

49,848 

83.08 

4,300 

4,369 

35.2 

37 

4,012 

4.39 

9,604 

15,085 

30.1 

159 
22,664 

0.13 
26.3 

16,817 

19,161 

22,561 

66.3 

18,773 

18,690 

22.6 

18,041 
77,879 

61.4 

79,184 

91.3 

19,431 

26,800 

29.7 

5,732 

7,598 

4.39 

16,118 

19,878 

40.1 

3,725 
9,792 

2.32 

7,611 

22.8 

19,966 

25,922 

57.6 

12,134 

12,362 

30.9 

15,132 

17,903 

36.9 

4,855 

10,373 

11.5 

31,225 

32,094 

55.3 

19,993 

30,673 

47.3 

2,653 

3,079 

7.89 

224 
1,377 

0.24 
2.12 

25,499 

26,787 

42.5 

26,181 

24,113 

46.3 

45,844 

49,259 

63.6 

7,222 

8,005 

26.8 

4,399 
9,444 

3.8 

8,597 

42.9 

2,409 

3,600 

5.88 

266 

1,970 

0.75 

5,979 

6,599 

12.4 

18,920 

19,358 

39.5 

1,708 

1,866 

0.98 

12,957 

15,376 

37.8 

10,683 

9,232 

5.16 

10,689 

16,168 

323.3 

10,623 

12,216 

18.76 

12,800 

22,239 

29.2 

33,454 

39,201 

83.4 

5,116 

4,794 

0.26 

6,567 

9,214 

34.1 

6,179 

7,942 

127.5 

21,294 

31,774 

33.4 

8,494 

9,272 

12.7 

17,602 

21,723 

33.3 

1,870 
21,239 

0.62 

7,949 

7.9 

3,845 

15,678 

1.608 

9,759 

14,703 

13.3 

556 

4,866 

0.85 

1,550 

4,274 

10.4 

6,639 

8,756 

19.8 

38 

1,971 

1.24 

1,902 

1,022 

0.601 

11,796 

21,515 

21.516 

219,884 

322,981 

324.2 

32,640 

35,462 

136.3 

74,688 

86,074 

111.7 

6,719 

8,666 

8.91 

12,156 

20,188 

29.6 

3,220 

2,148 

0.25 

244,536 

299,995 

594.4 

189,929 

256,098 

2016.6 

34,515 

33,062 

19.7 

7,931 

9,511 

13.02 

11,032 

10,047 

42.76 

9,860 

10,836 

43.3 

15,398 

21,926 

42.9 

7,086 

3,275 

0.78 

16 
16,655 

0.01 
39.6 

16,025 

112,042 

150,081 

277.9 

34,284 

33,939 

71.6 

27,765 

28,599 

36.9 

4,478 
20,706 

2.62 

16,240 

26.8 

7,245 

8,724 

21.3 

25,501 

38,709 

38.709 

13,016 

16,708 

23.2 

Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Faulk,  S.D 

Faulkner,  Ark 

Fauquier,  Va 

Fayette,  Ala 

Fayette,  Ga 

Fayette,  111 

Fayette,  Ind 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Ky 

Fayette,  0 

Fayette,  Pa 

Fayette,  Tenn 

Fayette,  Tex 

Fayette,  W.  Va.... 

Fentress,  Tenn 

Fergus,  Mont 

Fillmore,  Minn.... 

Fillmore,  Neb 

Finuey,  Kan 

Fisher,  Tex 

Flannery,  N.D 

Fleming,  Ky 

Florence,  S.C 

Florence,  Wis 

Floyd,  Ga 

Floyd,  Ind 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Ky 

Floyd,  Tex 

Floyd,  Va 

Fluvanna,  Va 

Foard,  Tex 

Foley,  Tex 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis. 

Ford,  111 

Ford,  Kan 

Forest,  Pa 

Forest,  Wis 

Forsyth,  Ga 

Forsyth,  N.C 

Fort  Bend,  Tex 

Foster,  N.D 

Fountain,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ala 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Fla 

Franklin,  Ga , 

Franklin,  111 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Iowa...., 

Franklin,  Kan 

Franklin,  Ky 

Franklin,  La 

Franklin,  Me 

Franklin,  Mass 

Franklin,  Miss 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Neb 

Franklin,  N.Y 

Franklin,  N.C 

Franklin,  O , 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Tenn...., 

Franklin,  Tex 

Franklin,  Vt 

Franklin,  Va 

Franklin,  Wash.... 

Frederick,  Md 

Frederick,  Va. 

Freeborn,  Minn.... 

Freestone,  Tex 

Fremont,  Col 

Fremont,  Iowa , 

Fremont,  Wyo 

Fresno,  Cal 

Frio,  Tex 

Frontier,  Neb 

Fulton,  Ark , 

Fulton,  Ga , 

Fulton,  111 

Fulton,  Ind 

Fulton,  Ky 

Fulton,  N.Y , 

Fulton,  O , 

Fulton,  Pa 

Furnas,  Neb 

Gadsden,  Fla , 

Gage,  Neb 

Games,  Tex 

Gallatin,  III , 

Gallatin,  Ky , 

Gallatin,  Mont , 

Gallia,  O 

Galveston,  Tex 

Garfield,  Col 

Garfield,  Kan , 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.Cen, 

Cen. 

N.E.Cen, 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen 

E 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

E.N.E. 

S.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

E. 

S. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

N-E. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.B. 

N.W. 

N. 

S. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

8.  Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

N.W.Cen 

W.N.W. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

N.W. 

S.B. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

S.W. 

S.B. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

8.W.Cen. 


Area 

in 
aq.  m. 


1,010 
623 
680 
700 
162 
720 
210 
720 
252 
398 
830 
630 
960 
760 
510 

6,762 
864 
576 
864 
900 

1,800 
340 
678 
498 
539 
140 
504 
410 

1,100 
444 
280 
660 

2,100 
720 
490 

1,040 
410 

1,276 
297 
372 
880 
648 
390 
620 
672 
690 
359 
430 
400 
576 
576 
200 
600 

1,660 
665 
556 
866 
576 

1,783 
480 
624 
750 
570 
300 
639 
•750 

1,244 
633 
380 
720 
870 

1,600 

600 

12,000 

8,010 

1,010 
972 
649 
166 
870 
380 
190 
667 
402 
435 
720 
560 
864 

1,600 
349 
130 

2,296 
441 
640 

3,260 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^Ysw'"' 


4 

12,786 
22,993 
10,136 

8,605 
23,241 
11,394 
22,258 
29,023 
20,364 
58,842 
31,871 
27,996 
11,560 

5,941 


28,162 
10,204 


136 
'15,221 


24,418 
24,590 
14,677 
10,176 
3 
13,255 
10,802 


46,859 
15,099 
3,122 
4,384 


10,569 
18,070 

9,380 

37 

20,228 

9,155 
14,961 

1,791 
11,463 
16,129 
20,092 
10,249 
16,797 
18,699 

6,495 
18,180 
36,001 

9,729 
26,534 

6,465 
32,390 
20,829 
86,797 
49,865 
17,178 

5,280 
30,225 
25,084 


60,482 
17,553 
16,069 
14,921 
4,735 
17,662 


9,478 

2,130 
934 

6,720 
49,137 
41,240 
14,301 

7,977 
30,986 
21,053 
10,149 

6,407 

12,169 

13,164 

8 

12,861 

4,832 

3,643 
28,124 
24,121 


4,062 
18,342 
22,590 
12,823 

8,728 
23,367 
12,630 
23,141 
36,609 
22,309 
80,006 
28,878 
31,481 
20,642 

5,226 

3,514 
26,338 
16,022 

3,360 

2,996 

72 

16,078 

25,027 

2,604 
28,391 
29,468 
15,424 
11,266 
529 
14,406 

9,508 

16 

44,088 
17,035 

.5,308 

8,482 

1,012 
11,155 
28,434 
10,686 

1,210 
19,568 
10,681 
19,934 

3,308 
14,670 
17,138 
18,366 
12,871 
20,279 
21,267 

6,900 
17,053 
38,610 
10,424 
28,056 

7,693 
38.110 
21,090 
124,087 
51,433 
18,929 

6,481 
29,756 
24,985 
696 
49,512 
17,880 
17,962 
15,987 

9,156 
16,842 

2,463 
32,026 

3,112 

8,497 
10,984 
84,665 
43,110 
16,746 
10,006 
37,660 
22,023 
10,137 

9,840 

11,894 

36,344 

68 

14,935 

4,611 

6,246 
27,005 
31,470 

4,478 
881 


4.02 
29.4 
33.2 
18.3 
63.8 
32.4 
60.1 
32.1 
141.3 

6.85 
96.3 
45.8 
32.7 
27.3 
10.2 

0.51 
30.4 
27.9 

3.87 

3.32 

0.04 
47.2 
43.2 

5.22 

62.6 

210.4 

30.6 

27.4 

0.48 
32.4 
33.9 

"o'.oorr 

61.2 
34.7 

6.103 
20.6 

0.79 
37.5 
76.4 
12.02 

1.86 
50.14 
17.22 
28.1 

4.79 
40.8 
39.8 
46.91 
22.3 
35.2 
106.3 
11.5 
10.2 
58.00 
18.7 
32.2 
13.3 
21.3 
43.9 
236.8 
68.5 
33.2 
21.5 
46.5 
33.31 

0.66 
78.2 
47.03 
23.5 
18.33 

5.72 
33.68 

0.206 

3.98 

3.08 

8.74 
16.9 
509.9 
49.5 
44.06 
62.6 
66.4 
64.7 
23.3 
13.6 
21.62 
42.07 

0.04 
42.2 
36.4 

2.7 
61.2 
49.1 

1.37 

2.04 


,86 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  N.D 

Garfield,  Utah 

Garfield,  Wash 

Garland,  Ark 

Garrard,  Ky 

Garrett,  Md 

Garza,  Tex : 

Gasconade,  Mo 

Gaston,  N.C 

Gates,  N.C 

Geary,  Kan 

Geauga,  0 

Genesee,  Mich 

Genesee,  N.Y 

Geneva,  Ala 

Gentry,  Mo 

Georgetown,  S.O 

Gibson,  Ind 

Gibson,  Tenn 

Gila,  Ariz 

Giles,  Tenn 

Giles,  Va 

Gillespie,  Tex 

Gilliana.Ore 

Gilmer,  Ga 

Gilmer,  W.  Va 

Gilpin,  Col 

Gladwin,  Mich 

Glascock,  Ga 

Glasscock,  Tex 

Gloucester,  N.J 

Gloucester,  Va 

Glynn,  Ga 

Gogebic,  Mich 

Goliad,  Tex 

Gonzales,  Tex 

Goochland,  Va 

Goodhue,  Minn 

Gordon,  Ga 

Gosper,  Neb 

Gove,  Kan 

Grafton,  N.H 

Graham,  Ariz 

Graham,  Kan 

Graham,  NO 

Grainger,  Tenn 

Grand,  Col 

Grand,  Utah 

Grand  Forks,  N.D 

Grand  Isle,  Vt 

Grand  Traver8e,Mich 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Kan 

Grant,  Ky 

Grant,  La 

Grant,  Minn 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  N.M 

Grant,  Ore 

Grant,  S.D 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  Wis 

Granville,  N.C 

Gratiot,  Mich 

Graves,  Ky 

Gray,  Kan 

Gray,  Tex 

Grayson,  Ky 

Grayson,  Tex 

Grayson,  Va 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeley,  Neb 

Green,  Ky 

Green,  Wis 

Greenbrier,  W.  Va.... 

Greene,  Ala 

Greene,  Ark 

Greene,  Ga 

Greene,  111 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Iowa 

Greene,  Miss 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  N.Y 

Greene,  N.C 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Tenn 

Greene,  Va ., 

Green  Lake,  Wis , 

Greenup,  Ky , 

Greenville,  8.C , 

Greensville,  Va , 

Greenwood,  Kan 

36 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

8. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

E.Ceii. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

8.E. 

N.W. 

E.8.E, 

8.W. 

N.W. 

8.E.Cen. 

8. 

S.W. 

8.Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

E.S.E. 

S.E. 

NW. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

E.N.E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.N.E. 

Cen. 

W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.E. 

E. 

8.W. 

N.N.B. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

S.S.E. 

W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W. 

W.S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

S.E.Oen. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


576 
918 
1,364 
672 
622 
225 
680 
900 
510 
340 
360 
407 
400 
640 
497 
640 
450 
742 
490 
615 
3,212 
656 
446 
960 
1,700 
462 
330 
150 
540 
90 
900 
326 
245 
427 
1,115 
820 
980 
280 
765 
.351 
468 
1,020 
1,766 
6,152 
900 
250 
294 
2,100 
3,175 
1,404 
80 
485 
617 
420 
576 
280 
646 
676 
720 
9,300 
5,472 
690 
490 
1,130 
600 
660 
550 
864 
900 
670 
960 
485 
780 
576 
276 
676 
1,050 
644 
591 
361 
644 
640 
676 
820 
688 
660 
310 
416 
640 
580 
200 
360 
352 
716 
325 
1,166 


Population. 


1880.    1890.  %*^'"- 


9,023 
11,704 
12,176 
36 
11,153 
14,254 

8,897 

6,994 
14,251 
39,220 
32,806 

4,342 
17,176 
19,613 
22,742 
32,685 


36,014 
8,704 
6,228 


8,336 
7,108 
6,489 
1,127 
3,677 


5,832 
14,840 
10,292 
29,651 
11,171 
1,673 
1,196 
38,788 


4,258 

2,336 

12,384 

417 


6,248 
4,124 
8,422 
6,186 

23,618 
9 

13,083 
6,188 
3.004 


4,539 
4,303 
3,010 
6,642 
37,852 
31,286 
21,936 
24,138 


56 

16,784 

38,108 

13,068 

3 

1,461 
11,871 
21,729 
16,060 
21,931 

7,480 
17,547 
23,010 
22,996 
12,727 

3,194 
28,801 
32,695 
10,037 
31,349 
28,273 
24,005 

6,830 
14,483 
13,371 
37,496 

8,407 
10,648 


1,659 

33 

2,457 

3,897 

16,328 

11,138 

14,213 

14 

11,706 

17,764 

10,252 

10,423 

13,489 

39,430 

33,265 

10,690 

19,018 

20,857 

24,920 

36,859 

2,021 

34,959 

9,090 

7,028 

3,600 

9,074 

9,746 

5,867 

4,208 

3,720 

208 

28,649 

11,653 

13,420 

13,166 

6,910 

18,016 

9,958 

28,806 

12,758 

4,816 

2,994 

37,217 

5,670 

5,029 

3,313 

13,196 

604 

641 

18,367 

3,843 

13,365 

7,786 

31,493 

1,308 

12,671 

8,270 

6,876 

458 

9,657 

5,080 

6,814 

6,802 

36,651 

24,484 

28,668 

28,634 

2,416 

203 

18,688 

63,211 

14,394 

1,264 

4,869 

11,463 

22,732 

18,0;J4 

22,007 

12,908 

17,051 

23,791 

24,379 

15,797 

3,906 

48,616 

31,598 

10,039 

29,820 

28,935 

26,614 

5,622 

16,163 

11,911 

44,310 

8,230 

16,309 


2.8 

0.03 

1.8 

5.7 
24.6 
49.5 
20.9 

0.01 
22.9 
62.2 
28.4 
25.5 
33.7 
61.6 
66.1 
16.7 
42.2 
28.1 
50.8 
68.3 

0.6 
53.2 
23.8 

7.3 

2.11 
20.07 
29.5 
39.11 

77 
41.3 

0.23 
87.8 
43.4 
31.4 
11.8 

7.2 
18.3 
35.5 
38.1 
36.3 
10.2 

2.93 
21.07 

0.92 

5.58 
13.2 
44.8 

0.28 

0.17 
13.07 
48.03 
27.5 
12.6 
74.9 

2.27 
45.2 
12.8 
12.1 

0.63 

1.03 

0.92 

9.8 
13.8 
32.4 
40.08 
61.1 
51.8 

2.7 

0.22 
32.7 
65.4 
29.6 

1.62 

8.4 
41.7 
39.4 
17.1 
40.4 
21.8 
47.2 
43.7 
45.12 
27.4 

4.76 
70.6 
47.8 
32.3 
71.6 
45.2 
45.8 
28.1 
42.1 
33.8 

61.8 
25.3 

14.1 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Greer,  Okla 

Gregg,  Tex 

Gregory,  S.D 

Grenada,  Miss 

Greggs,  N.D 

Grimes,  Tex 

Grundy,  111 

Grundy,  Iowa 

Grundy,  Mo 

Grundy,  Tenn 

Guadaloupe,  N.M 

Guadalupe,  Tex 

Guernsey,  0 

Guilford,  N.C 

Gunnison,  Col 

Guthrie,  Iowa. 

Gwinnett,  Ga 

Habersham,  Ga 

Hale,  Ala 

Hale,  Tex 

Halifax,  N  C 

Halifax,  Va 

Hall,  Ga 

Hall,  Neb 

Hall,  Tex 

Hamblen,  Tenn 

Hamilton,  Fla. 

Hamilton,  111 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Iowa.. 

Hamilton,  Kan 

Hamilton,  Neb 

Hamilton,  N.Y 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  Tenn 

Hamilton,  Tex 

Hamlin,  S.D 

Hampden,  Mass 

Hampshire,  Mass 

Hampshire,  W.  Va.... 

Hampton,  8.C 

Hancock,  Ga 

Hancock,  111 

Hancock,  Ind 

Hancock,  Iowa 

Hancock,  Ky 

Hancock,  Me 

Hancock,  Miss 

Hancock,  0 

Hancock,  Tenn 

Hancock,  W.  Va 

Hand,  S.D 

Hanover,  Va... 

Hansford,  Texi 

Hanson,  S.D 

Haralson,  Ga 

Hardeman,  Tenn 

Hardeman,  Tex 

Hardin,  111 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Ky 

Hardin,  O 

Hurdin,  Tenn 

Hardin,  Tex 

Harding,  S.D 

Hardy,  W.Va 

Harford,  Md 

Harlan,  Ky 

Harlan,  Neb 

Harnett,  N.C 

Barney,  Ore 

Harper,  Kan 

Harris,  Ga 

Harris,  Tex 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Iowa. 

Harrison,  Ky 

Harrison,  Miss 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  Tex 

Harrison,  W.  Va 

Hart,  Ga 

Hart,  Ky 

Hartford,  Conn 

Hartley,  Tex 

Harvey,  Kan 

Haskell,  Kan 

Haskell,  Tex 

Hawkins,  Tenn 

Hayes,  Neb 

Hays,  Tex 

Haywood,  N.C 

Haywood,  Tenn 

Heard,  Ga 

Hemphill,  Tex.... 


Location 
in  state. 


S.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

W. 

N. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N. 

B.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

8.W. 

8.E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

8.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

8.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

8.E. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N. 

S.K 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

S.K 

8. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

w. 

E.S.E. 

S. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

W. 

S.W. 

W.N.W. 

N. 


sq.m. 


3,000 
260 
975 
430 
720 
720 
440 
604 
460 
410 

8,320 
710 
617 
680 

3,200 
576 
450 
347 
732 

1,100 
680 
820 
497 
662 
900 
150 
676 
440 
400 
576 
922 
676 

1,767 
400 
440 
900 
546 
634 
672 
550 

1,141 
474 
769 
307 
676 
200 

1,312 

649 

622 

260 

92 

1,435 
450 
910 
435 
269 
640 

1,180 
149 
676 
680 
425 
660 
940 

1,476 
400 
422 
410 
576 
660 
10,600 
810 
423 

1,800 
470 
605 
316 
990 
730 
405 
880 
464 
381 
410 
738 

1,480 
540 
576 
900 
490 
720 
680 
590 
670 
290 
900 


Population. 


1880. 


8,630 


12,071 


18,603 
16,732 
12,639 
16,186 
4,692 

"l2,'292 
27,197 
23,686 

8,236 
14,394 
19,631 

8,718 
26,663 


30,300 
33,688 
15,298 

8,672 

36 

10,187 

6,790 

16,712 

24,801 

11,352 

168 

8,267 

3,923 

313,374 

23,642 

6,365 
692 
104,142 
47,232 
10,366 
18,741 
16,989 
35,337 
17,123 

3,463 

8,563 
38,129 

6,439 
27,784 

9,098 

4,882 

153 

18,588 

18 

1,301 

6,974 

22,921 

60 

6,024 
17,807 
22,664 
27,023 
14,793 

1,870 


6,794 

28,042 

6,278 

6,086 

10,862 


4,133 
15,758 
27,985 
21,326 
16,649 
16,504 

7,895 
20,304 
20,456 
25,177 
20,181 

9,094 

17,133 

125,382 

100 

11,451 


48 

20,610 

119 

7,665 

10,271 

26,063 

8,769 

149 


1  aan       P®'  sq.m. 
^^^-  1890. 


6,338 

9,402 

295 

14,974 

2,817 
21,312 
21,024 
13,215 
17,876 

6,346 

15,"217 
28,645 
28,062 

4,359 
17,380 
19,899 
11,573 
27,501 
721 
28,908 
34,424 
18,047 
16,513 
703 
11,418 

8,507 
17,800 
26,123 
15,319 

2,027 
14,096 

4,762 

374,573 

53,482 

9,279 

4,626 
135,713 
61,869 
11,419 
20,544 
17,149 
31,907 
17,829 

7,621 

9,214 
37,312 

8,318 
42,663 
10,342 

6,414 

6,546 

17,402 

133 

4,267 
11,316 
21,029 

3,904 

7,234 
19,003 
21,304 
28,939 
17,698 

3,956 
167 

7,667 
28,993 

6,197 

8,158 
13,700 

2,659 
13,266 
16,797 
37,249 
20,786 
21,366 
16,914 
12,481 
21,033 
20,830 
26,721 
21,919 
10,887 
16,439 
147,180 
252 
17,601 

1,077 

1,665 
22,246 

3,963 
11,362 
13,346 
23,658 

9,957 
519 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Hempstead,  Ark 

Henderson,  III 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  N.C 

Henderson,  Tenn 

Henderson,  Tex 

Hendricks,  Ind 

Hennepin,  Minn 

Henrico,  Va 

Henry,  Ala 

Henry,  Ga 

Henry,  HI 

Henry,  Ind 

Henry,  Iowa 

Henry,  Ky 

Henry,  Mo 

Henry,  0 

Henry,  Tenn 

Henry,  Va 

Herkimer,  N.T 

Hernando,  Fla 

Hertford,  N.C 

Hettinger,  N.D 

Hickman,  Ky 

Hickman,  Tenn 

Hickory,  Mo 

Hidalgo,  Tex 

Highland,  0 

Highland,  Va 

Hill,  Tex 

Hillsborough,  Fla 

Hillsborough,  N.H.... 

Hillsdale,  Mich 

Hinds,  Miss 

Hinsdale,  Col 

Hitchcock,  Neb 

Hocking,  O 

Hockley,  Tex 

Hodgeman,  Kan 

Holmes,  Fla 

Holmes,  Miss 

Holmes,  O 

Holt,  Mo 

Holt,  Neb 

Hood,  Tex 

Hooker,  Neb 

Hopkins,  Ky 

Hopkins,  Tex 

Horry,  S.C 

Hot  Spring,  Ark 

Houghton,  Mich 

Houston,  Ga 

Houston,  Minn 

Houston,  Tenn 

Houston,  Tex 

Howard,  Ark 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Iowa. 

Howard,  Md 

Howard,  Mo 

Howard,  Neb 

Howard,  Tex 

Howell,  Mo 

Hubbard,  Minn : 

Hudson,  N.J 

Huerfano,  Col 

Hughes,  S.D 

Humboldt,  Cal 

Humboldt,  Iowa 

Humboldt,  Nev 

Humphreys,  Tenn 

Hunt,  Tex 

Hunterdon,  N.J 

Huntingdon,  Pa 

Huntington,  Ind 

Huron,  Mich 

Huron,  0 

Hutchinson,  S.D 

Hutchinson,  Tex 

Hyde,  N.C 

Hyde,  S.D 

Iberia,  La 

Iberville,  La 

Ida,  Iowa 

Idaho,  Idaho 

Independence,  Ark... 

Indiana,  Pa 

Ingham,  Mich 

Inyo,  Cal 

Ionia,  Mich 

Iosco,  Mich 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Wis 

Iredell,  N.C 

Irion,  Tex 

Iron,  Mich 


Location 
in  state. 


S.W. 
N.W. 

N.W. 

W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.8.E. 

S.E.Cen 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

E. 

S.B. 

N.N.B. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen 

W. 

s. 
s. 
w.s.w. 

8.W. 
S.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

8.E. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S. 

Cen. 

N.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

E. 

N. 

S.E. 

N. 

B. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E.  Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 


Area 

in 
aq.m. 


742 
380 
472 
360 
530 
900 
400 
580 
265 
984 
322 
830 
400 
432 
272 
740 
420 
580 
410 

1,459 
520 
324 

2,160 
240 
648 
415 

2,970 
527 
389 

1,000 

1,280 
844 
597 
870 

1,400 
720 
408 
940 
864 
535 
750 
436 
462 

2,714 
460 
720 
550 
750 
980 
626 

1,000 
570 
565 
210 

1,200 
629 
300 
480 
250 
450 
676 
840 
920 
575 
43 

1,600 
756 

3,670 
432 
16,580 
420 
870 
434 
890 
380 
750 
480 
795 
900 
436 
850 
580 
650 
432 
11,480 
736 
830 
552 
10,020 
680 
563 
676 
740 
610 
970 

1,100 


Population. 


1880.        1890.      ^Ys'^;"' 


19,015 
10,722 
24,515 
10,281 
17,430 

9,735 
22,981 
67,013 
82,703 
18,761 
14,193 
36,597 
24,016 
20,986 
14,492 
23,906 
20,585 
22,142 
16,009 
42,669 

4,248 
11,843 


10,651 

12,095 

7,387 

4,347 

30,281 

5,164 

16,554 

5,814 

75,634 

32,723 

43,958 

1,487 

1,012 

22,126 


1,704 

2,170 

27,164 

20,776 

15,509 

3,287 

6,125 


19,122 
16,641 
15,574 

7,775 
22,473 
22,414 
16,332 

4,296 
16,702 

9,917 
19,684 
10,837 
16,140 
18,428 

4,391 
50 

8,814 


187,944 

6,804 

268 

16,512 

5,341 

3,480 

11,379 

17,236 

38,670 

33,954 

21,805 

20,089 

31,609 

6,673 

60 

7,766 


16,676 
17,544 

4,382 

2,031 
18,806 
40,527 
33,676 

2,928 
33,872 

6,873 
19,221 
23,628 
22,676 


22,796 

9,876 

29,536 

12,589 

16,336 

12,285 

21,498 

185,294 

103,394 

24,847 

16,220 

33,338 

23,879 

18,895 

14,164 

28,235 

25,080 

21,070 

18,208 

46,608 

2,476 

13,851 

81 

11,637 

14,499 

9,463 

6,534 

29,048 

6,352 

27,583 

14,941 

93,247 

30,660 

39,279 

862 

5,799 

22,668 


2,396 

4,336 
30,970 
21,139 
15,469 
13,672 

7,581 
426 
23,506 
20,572 
19,256 
11,603 
35,389 
21,613 
14,653 

5,390 
19,360 
13,789 
26,186 
11,182 
16,269 
17,371 

9,430 

1,210 
18,618 

1,412 
275,126 

6,882 

5,044 
23,469 

9,836 

3,434 
11,720 
31,886 
35,355 
35,751 
27,644 
28,545 
31,949 
10,469 
58 

8,903 

1,860 
20,997 
21,848 
10,705 

2,955 
21,961 
42,175 
37,666 

3,544 
32,801 
15,224 
18,270 
22,117 
25,462 
870 

4,432 


30.7 

26.72 

62.57 

34.94 

30.82 

12.79 

63.74 

319.4 

405.4 
25.4 
50.37 
40.16 
59.697 
43.7 
52.07 
38.16 
59.71 
36.32 
44.4 
31.2 
47.61 
42.4 
0.03 
48.48 
22.3 
22.77 
2.2 
65.1 
13.75 
27.683 
11.6 

110.4 

61.3 

45.14 

0.61 

8.06 

56.53 


2.77 

8.1 
41.2 
48.4 
33.4 

5.03 
16.4 

0.59 
42.73 
27.4 
19.6 
18.63 
36.389 
37.9 
25.7 
25.6 
16.13 
21.9 
87.28 
23.29 
65.076 
38.6 
16.37 

1.44 
20.23 

2.45 
6398.2 

4.3 

6.5 

6.56 
22.8 

0.207 
27.9 
36.6 
81.46 
40.17 
72.76 
38.06 
66.56 
13.17 

0.064 
20.6 

2.18 
34.48 
33.61 
24.78 

0.25 
29.8 
60.81 
68.23 

0.35 
56.65 
27.04 
31.71 
29.88 
41.7 

0.9 

4.029 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Iron,  Mo 

Iron,  Utah 

Iroquois,  111 

Irwin,  Ga 

Isabella,  Mich 

Isanti,  Minn 

Island,  Wash 

Isle  of  Wight,  Va.... 
Isle  Boyale,  Mich.... 

Issaquena,  Miss 

Itasca,  Minn 

Itawamba,  Miss 

Izard,  Aric 

Jack,  Tex 

Jackson,  Ala 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Fla 

Jackson,  Ga 

Jackson,  III 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Kan 

Jackson,  Ky 

Jackson,  La 

Jackson,  Mich 

Jackson,  Minn 

Jackson,  Miss 

Jackson,  Mo 

Jackson,  N.C 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  Ore 

Jackson,  S.D 

Jackson,  Tenn , 

Jackson,  Tex 

Jackson,  W.  Va..., 

Jackson,  Wis 

James,  Tenn 

James  City,  Va..... 

Jasper,  Ga 

Jasper,  111 

Jasper,  Ind 

Jasper,  Iowa 

Jasper,  Miss 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Tex 

Jay,  Ind 

Jeflf  Davis,  Tex...., 

Jefferson,  Ala , 

Jefferson,  Ark , 

Jefferson,  Col 

Jefferson,  Fla , 

Jefferson,  Ga 

Jefferson,  111 , 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Iowa 

Jefferson,  Kan...., 

Jefferson,  Ky , 

Jefferson,  La 

Jefierson,  Miss 

Jefferson,  Mo , 

Jefferson,  Mont.... 

Jefferson,  Neb 

Jefferson,  N.Y , 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Tenn.... 

Jefferson,  Tex 

Jefferson,  Wash.... 
Jefferson,  W.  Va... 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jerauld,  S.D 

Jersey,  III 

Jessamine,  Ky 

Jewell,  Kan 

Jo  Daviess,  III 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ga 

Johnson,  111 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Iowa 

Johnson,  Kan 

Johnson,  Ky , 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Neb 

Jolinson,  Tenn 

Johnson,  Tex 

Johnson,  Wyo 

Johnston,  N.O 

Jones,  Ga 

Jones,  Iowa 

Jones,  Miss 

Jones,  N.C 

Jones,  Tex 

Josephine,  Ore 

Juab,  Utah 


Location 
in  state. 


S.E.Cen. 
8.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

W. 

N.N.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

N.N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

8.W. 

S.S.E. 

E. 

N.E. 

S.E.CeD. 

N.Cen. 

8. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

W. 

S.S.E. 

S.W. 

S.W.Cen 

N. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

W.S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

E. 

E.N.B. 

W. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.B. 

N. 

S.B. 

S.W. 

E 

S.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N. 

E.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

E.S.B. 

N.N.W. 

N.B. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

w^s.w. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 
N.W.Cen 
E.Cen. 

8. 
S.E.Cen. 

B.S.E. 

E.N.B. 

E 

W.N.W. 

8.E. 

N.B. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.N.B. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E. 

B.S.E. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

w. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 


560 
3,436 
1,120 
601 
680 
450 
220 
300 
216 
370 
6,430 
640 
647 
1,000 
1,144 
619 
990 
328 
680 
610 
612 
668 
305 
680 
720 
720 
1,072 
630 
652 
392 
2,880 
1,255 
280 
880 
470 
992 
210 
140 
380 
506 
670 
720 
720 
672 
840 
396 
2,390 
1,092 
840 
860 
600 
640 
680 
370 
432 
568 
375 
390 
490 
640 
1,850 
576 
1,147 
435 
640 
310 
960 
1,688 
280 
670 
350 
660 
360 
162 
900 
663 
612 
266 
340 
320 
576 
480 
300 
800 
396 
340 
720 
4,000 
680 
386 
676 
680 
430 
900 
1,606 
3,828 


Population. 


1880. 


8,183 

4,013 

36,461 

2,696 

12,169 

6,063 

1,087 

10,572 

55 

10,004 

124 

10,663 

10,867 

6,626 

25,114 

10,877 

14,372 

16,297 

22,605 

23,060 

23,771 

10,718 

6,678 

5,328 

42,031 

4,806 

7,607 

82,326 

7,343 

23,686 

8,154 


12,008 

2,723 

16,312 

13,285 

5,187 

5,422 

11,851 

14,515 

9,464 

26,963 

12,126 

32,019 

5,779 

19,282 


23,272 

22,386 

6,804 

16,065 

16,671 

20,686 

25,977 

17,469 

15,563 

146,010 

12,166 

17,314 

18,736 

2,464 

8,096 

66,103 

33,018 

27,935 

15,846 

3,489 

1,712 

15,005 

32,156 

16,453 


15,542 

10,864 

17,475 

27,528 

11,565 

4,800 

13,078 

19,537 

26,429 

16,863 

9,156 

28,172 

7,595 

7,766 

17,911 

637 

23,461 

11,613 

21,062 

3,828 

7,491 

646 

2,485 

3,474 


1890. 


9,119 

2,683 
36,167 

6,316 
18,784 

7,607 

1,787 
11,313 
136 
12,318 
743 
11,708 
13,058 

9,740 
28,026 
15,179 
17,644 
19,176 
27,809 
24,139 
22,771 
14,626 

8,261 

7,453 
46,031 

8,924 

11,251 

160,610 

9,512 

28,408 

11,456 

30 

13,326 

3,281 
19,021 
15,797 

4,903 

5,643 
13,879 
18,188 
11,185 
24,943 
14,785 
60,500 

5,592 
23,478 

1,394 
88,501 
40,881 

8,450 
15,757 
17,213 
22,690 
24,607 
16,184 
16,620 
188,598 
13,221 
18,947 
22,484 

6,026 
14,860 
68,806 
39,415 
44,005 
16,478 

5,857 

8,368 
15,633 
33,630 
14,608 

3,605 
14,810 
11,248 
19,349 
26,101 
16,768 

6,129 
16,013 
19,661 
23,082 
17,386 
11,027 
28,132 
10,333 

8,858 
22,313 

2,357 
27,239 
12,709 
20,233 

8,333 

7,403 

3,797 

4,878 

5,682 

87 


Per  sq.m. 
1890. 


16.68 

0.78 
31.3 
10.6 
32.38 
16.9 

8.12 
37.71 

0.62 
33.2 

0.13 
21.68 
23.86 

9.74 
24.49 
24.62 
17.72 
58.4 
47.94 
47.31 
37.2 
22.22 
27.08 
12.85 
62.54 
12.39 
10.49 
264.77 
17.23 
72.46 

3.94 

0.023 
47.58 

3.72 
40.47 
15.9 
23.34 
40.3 
36.62 
35.94 
19.62 
34.64 
20.53 
75.14 

6.66 
59.3 

0.68 
81.04 
48.6 

9.82 
26.26 
26.89 
38.94 
66.23 
36.14 
29.26 
602.91 
33.9 
38.64 
36.13 

3.26 
26.6 
59.9 
90.61 
68.7 
63.8 

6.1 

4.9 
66.47 
68.82 
41.72 

6.65 
41.13 
69.43 
21.49 
37.85 
27.38 
23.04 
44.15 
61.12 
40.1 
36.21 
36.76 
36.16 
26.3 
26.05 
30.99 

0.689 
40.06 
32.63 
36.12 
12.26 
17.2 

4.218 

3.06 

1.468 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  connty 
and  state. 


Juneau,  Wig 

Juniata,  Pa 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 

Kalkaska,  Mich 

Kanabec,  Minn 

Kandiyohi,  Minn 

Kane,  111 

Kane,  Utah 

Kankakee,  111 

Karnes,  Tex 

Kaufman,  Tex 

Kearney,  Kan 

Kearney,  Neb 

feeith,  Neb „ 

Kemper,  Miss 

Kendall,  III 

jCendall,  Tex 

Kenebec,  Me 

Kenosha,  Wis 

Kent,  Del 

Kent,  Md 

Kent,  Mich 

Kent,  B.I 

Kent,  Tex 

Kenton,  Ky 

Keokuk,  Iowa 

Kern,  Cal 

Kerr,  Tex 

Kershaw,  S.C 

Kewaunee,  Wis 

Keweenaw,  Mich 

Keya  Paha,  Neb 

Kidder,  N.D 

Kimball,  Neb 

Kimble,  Tex 

King,  Tex 

King,  Wash 

King  &  Queen,  Va.... 

Kingfisher,  Okla 

King  George,  Va 

King  William,  Va 

Kingman,  Kan 

Kings,  N.Y 

Kingsburj',  S.D 

Kinney,  Tex 

Kiowa,  Col 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kit  Carson,  Col 

Kitsap,  Wash 

Kittitass,  Wash 

Kittson,  Minn 

Klamath,  Ore 

Klikitat,  Wash 

Knott,  Ky 

Knox,  111 

Knox,  Ind 

Knox,  Ky 

Knox,  Me 

Knox,  Mo 

Knox,  Neb 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  Tenn 

Knox,  Tex 

Kootenai,  Idaho 

Kosciusko,  Ind 

Kossuth,  Iowa 

Labette,  Kan 

Lackawanna,  Pa. 

Laclede,  Mo 

Lac.qui-Parle,  Minn. 

La  Crosse,  Wis 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Fla 

Lafayette,  La 

Lafayette,  Miss 

Lafayette,  Mo 

Lafayette,  Wis 

La  Fourche,  La 

La  Grange,  Ind 

Lake,  Cal 

Lake,  Col 

Lake,  Fla 

Lake,  111 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Minn 

Lake,  0 

Lake,  Ore 

Lake,S.D 

Lake,  Tenn 

Lamar,  Ala 

Lamar,  Tex 

Lamb,  Tex 

Lamoille,  Vt 

La  Moure,  N.D 

Lampasas,  Tex 

38 


Location 
in  state. 


S.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen, 

S.8.W. 

S.E. 

E. 

N.E. 

w.s.w. 

E 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.E, 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E. 

N. 

N. 

S.Cen. 

W. 

S.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.N.E. 

E. 

E.S.E. 

S. 

S.E. 

E. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

S.8.W. 

E.N.B. 

W.Cen. 

Cen. 

N.W. 

S. 

s. 

E.S.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

B.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.N.E. 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.S.W. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

S. 

N. 

W.N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

S. 

E. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 


800 
410 
576 
580 
522 
860 
540 

4,172 
680 
730 
800 
864 
525 

1,254 
740 
330 
620 
888 
280 
630 
315 
860 
180 
840 
152 
576 

7,971 

1,100 
775 
336 
350 
660 

1,440 
923 

1,360 
900 

1,944 
400 

1,600 
190 
270 
864 
37 
870 

1,700 

1,800 
720 

2,150 
392 

3,444 

2,245 

5,520 

2,176 
365 
720 
610 
360 
328 
610 

1,100 
527 
520 
900 
560 
556 
984 
649 
460 
740 
650 
450 
497 

1,008 
264 
720 
622 
630 

1,020 
384 

1,126 
450 

1,100 
490 
500 
580 

2,380 
240 

8,040 
580 
210 
612 
900 

1,010 
460 

1,152 
800 


Population. 


1880.         1890.     ^Y8£^"' 


15,582 
18,227 
34,342 

2,937 

505 

10,169 

44,939 

3,085 
25,047 

3,270 

16,448 

159 

4,072 

194 

15,719 

13,083 

2,763 
53,058 
13,650 
32,874 
17,606 
73,253 
20,688 
92 
43,983 
21,258 

6,601 

2,168 
21,538 
15,807 

4,270 


89 


1,343 

40 

6,910 

10,502 


6,397 
8,751 
3,713 
699,496 
1,102 
4,487 


1,738 


906 


4,056 


38,344 
26,324 
10,687 
32,863 
13,047 

3,666 

27,431 

39,124 

77 

618 

26,494 

6,178 
22,736 
89,269 
11,524 

4,891 
27,073 

5,730 

2,441 
13,2.35 
21,671 
25,710 
21,279 
19,113 
15,630 

6,596 
23,663 


21,296 

16,091 

3,233 

106 

16,326 

2,804 

2,667 

3,968 

12,142 

27,193 


12,684 

20 

5,421 


17,121 

16,656 

39,273 

5,160 

1,679 

13,997 

65,061 

1,685 

28,732 

3,637 

21.698 

1,671 

9,061 

2,656 

17,961 

12,106 

3,809 

57,012 

16,581 

32,664 

17,471 

109,922 

26,754 

324 

54,161 

23,862 

9,808 

4,445 

22,361 

16,153 

2,894 

3,920 

1,211 

969 

2,2.34 

173 

63,989 

9,669 

8,332 

6,641 

9,605 

11,823 

838,547 

8,562 

3,781 

1,243 

2,873 

2,472 

4,624 

8,777 

6,387 

2,444 

6,167 

5,438 

38,762 

28,044 

13,762 

31,473 

13,601 

8,582 

27,600 

59,557 

1,134 

4,108 

28,646 

13,120 

27,586 

142,088 

14,701 

10,382 

38,801 

7,700 

3,686 

15,966 

20,553 

30,184 

20,265 

22,096 

15,615 

7,101 

14,663 

8,034 

24,236 

23,886 

6,505 

1,299 

18,235 

2,604 

7,508 

5,304 

14,187 

37,302 

4 

12,831 

3,187 

7,565 


21.4 
40.62 
68.18 
8.896 
3.025 
16.27 
120.4 
0.03 
42.25 
4.98 
26.99 
1.81 
17.25 
2.03 
24.27 
36.68 
6.143 
64.2 
65.64 
51.84 
56.46 
127.8 
148.63 
0.38 
366.3 
41.4 
1.23 
4.04 
28.8 
48.07 
8.26 
6.93 
0.83 
1.03 
1.64 
0.19 
32.9 
24.17 
6.207 
34.9 
36.6 
13.68 
22663.4 
9.8 
2.22 
0.69 
3.99 
1.14 
11.8 
2.54 
2.39 
0.44 
2.37 
14.89 
53.82 
54.9 
39.3 
95.9 
26.47 
7.8 
52.3 
114.5 
1.26 
7.33 
51.6 
13.2 
42.6 
308.8 
19.86 
15.97 
86.22 
15.4 
3.656 
60.4 
28.54 
48.5 
32.16 
21.66 
40.66 
6.31 
32.58 
7.3 
49.46 
47.77 
11.21 
0.54 
75.97 
0.323 
12.94 
25.257 
23.18 
41.446 
0.003 
28.51 
2.766 
9.466 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Lancaster,  Neb 

Lancaster,  Pa. 

Lancaster,  S.C 

Lancaster,  Va. 

Lander,  Nev 

Lane,  Kan 

Lane,  Ore 

Langlade,  Wis 

Lapeer,  Mich 

La  Plata,  Col 

La  Porte,  Ind 

Laramie,  Wyo 

Larimer,  Col 

La  Bue,  Ky 

La  Salle,  111 

La  Salle,  Tex 

Las  Animas,  Col 

Lassen,  Cal 

Latah,  Idaho 

Lauderdale,  Ala 

Lauderdale,  Miss 

Lauderdale,  Tenn 

Laurel,  Ky 

Laurens,  Ga 

Laurens,  S.C 

Lavaca,  Tex 

Lawrence,  Ala. 

Lawrence,  Ark 

Lawrence,  111 

Lawrence,  Ind 

Lawrence,  Ky 

Lawrence,  Miss 

Lawrence,  Mo 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  Pa 

Lawrence,  S.D 

Lawrence,  Tenn 

Leake,  Miss. 

Leavenworth,  Kan... 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Lee,  Ala 

Lee,  Ark „ 

Lee,  Fla. 

Lee,  6a 

Lee,  111 _ 

Lee,  Iowa 

Lee,  Ky 

Lee,  Miss „ 

Lee,  Tex „.., 

Lee,  Va. 

Leelanaw,  Mich 

Le  Flore,  Miss 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lemhi,  Idaho 

Lenawee,  Mich 

Lenoir,  N.C 

Leon,  Fla 

Leon,  Tex 

Leslie,  Ky 

Le  Sueur,  Minn 

Letcher,  Ky 

Levy,  Fla 

Lewis,  Ky „ 

Lewis,  Mo 

Lewis,  N.Y 

Lewis,  Tenn 

Lewis,  Wash 

Lewis,  W.  Va 

Lewis  &  Clarke,Mont 

Lexington,  S.C 

Liberty,  Fla 

Liberty,  Ga 

Liberty,  Tex 

Licking,  0 

Limestone,  Ala 

Limestone,  Tex 

Lincoln,  Ark 

Lincoln,  Col 

Lincoln,  Ga 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Ky 

Lincoln,  La 

Lincoln,  Me 

Lincoln,  Minn 

Lincoln,  Miss 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Nev 

Lincoln,  N.M 

Lincoln,  N.C 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  Tenn 

Lincoln,  Wash 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Linn,  Iowa. 


Location 
in  state. 


S.E. 

S.E. 

N. 

E 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W. 

N.E. 

E.8.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

Cen. 

N.N.E. 

8.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

E. 

W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.8.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

8.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S. 

S.W. 

s. 

w. 

w. 

8.S.W. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

E. 

E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

8.B.Cen. 

W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

E.8.E. 

N. 

S.E. 

SE.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.8.E. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

8.W. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

E.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

S. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

E.NE. 

S.W.Cen, 

S.E. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

E 

w.s.w. 

N.N.E. 
KCen. 


sq.  m. 


864 
965 
535 
160 

5,296 
720 

3,840 
876 
660 

1,860 
640 

7,025 

4,100 
260 

1,152 

1,460 

4,700 

4,890 

1,080 
682 
680 
450 
450 
761 
680 

1,000 
768 
574 
360 
452 
465 
630 
606 
420 
370 
795 
676 
560 
456 
360 
610 
606 

4,000 
360 
740 
486 
228 
470 
640 
429 
350 
660 
350 

5,400 
720 
408 
910 

1,000 
420 
460 
310 

1,104 
450 
510 

1,294 
280 

2,308 
400 

2,600 
780 
800 
966 

1,170 
685 
596 
960 
636 

2,600 
309 
720 
328 
485 
520 
500 
570 
598 

2,580 

17,680 

26,452 

312 

640 

540 

2,296 
460 
700 
720 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^Ys*^'™" 


28,090 

139,447 

16,903 

6,160 

3,624 

601 

9,411 

685 

30,138 

1,110 

30,985 

6,409 

4,892 

9,793 

70,403 

789 

8,903 

3,340 


21,035 
21,601 
14,918 

9,131 
10,053 
29,444 
13,641 
21,392 

8,782 
13,663 
18,643 
13,262 

9,420 
17,583 
39,068 
33,312 
13,248 
10,383 
13,146 
32,355 
38,476 
27,262 
13,288 

10,677 
27,491 
34,869 

4,254 
20,470 

8,937 
16,116 

6,253 
10,246 
66,969 

2,230 
48,343 
15,344 
19,662 
12,817 

3,740 
16,103 

6,601 

5,767 
13,154 
15,925 
31,416 

2,181 

2,600 
13,269 

6,521 
18,564 

1,362 
10,649 

4,999 
40,450 
21,600 
16,246 

9,255 


6,412 

8,682 

15,080 

11,075 

24,821 

2,945 

13,547 

17,426 

3,632 

2,637 

2,513 

11,061 

5,896 

26,960 


8,739 

2,011 

37,237 


76,395 

149,095 

20,761 

7,191 

2,266 

2,060 
15,198 

9,465 
29,213 

5,509 
34,445 
16,777 

9,712 

9,433 
80,798 

2,139 
17,208 

4,239 

9,173 
23,739 
29,661 

3,838 
13,747 
13,747 
31,610 
21,887 
20,725 
12,984 
14,693 
19,792 
17,702 
12,318 
26,228 
39,656 
37,517 
11,673 
12,286 
14,803 
38,485 
48,131 
28,694 
18,886 

1,414 

9,074 
26,187 
37,715 

6,205 
20,040 
11,962 
18,216 

7,944 
16,869 
76,631 

1,916 
48,448 
14,879 
17,752 
13,841 

3,964 
19,057 

6,920 

6,686 
14,803 
16,935 
29,806 

2,565 
11,499 
15,896 
19,145 
22,181 

1,452 
12,887 

4,230 
43,279 
21,201 
21,678 
10,256 
689 

6,146 

9,709 
15,962 
14,753 
21,996 

5,691 
17,912 
18,346 
10,441 

2,466 

7,081 
12,586 

9,143 
27,382 

9,312 
11,246 
12,008 
46,303 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  connty 
and  state. 


Linn,  Kan 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Ore 

Lipscomb,  Tex 

Litchfield,  Conn .. 

Little  Eiver,  Ark 

Live  Oak,  Tex 

Livingston,  III 

Livingston,  Ey 

Livingston,  La 

Livingston,  Mich 

Livingston,  Mo 

Livingston,  N.Y 

Llano,  Tex 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Col 

Logan,  Idaho 

Logan,  111 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Ky 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  N.D 

Logan,  0 

Logan,  Okla 

Logan,  W.  Va. 

Lonoke,  Ark 

Lorain,  0 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Loudon,  Tenn 

LoadouD,  Va 

Louisa,  Iowa 

Louisa,  Va 

Loup,  Neb 

Loving,  Tex 

Lowndes,  Ala 

Lowndes,  Ga 

Lowndes,  Miss 

Lubbock,  Tex 

Lucas,  Iowa...— 

Lucas,  0 

Luce,  Mich 

Lugenbeel,  S.D 

Lumpkin,  Ga 

Lunenburg,  Va 

Luzerne,  Pa 

Lycoming,  Pa. 

Lyman,  S.D 

Lynn,  Tex 

Lyon,  Iowa 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Ky 

Lyon,  Minn 

Lyon,  Nev 

MacCook,  S.D 

MacCracken,  Ky 

MacCulloch,  Tex 

MacDonough,  111 

MacDonald,  Mo 

MacDowell,  N.C 

MacDowell,  W.  Va.... 

MacDuffie,  Ga 

MacHenry,  111 

MacHenry,  N.D 

Macintosh,  Ga 

Macintosh,  N.D 

MacKpan,  Pa 

MacKenzie,  N.D 

Mackinac,  Mich 

MacLean,  111 

MacLean,  Ky 

MacLean,  N.D 

MacLennan,  Tex 

MacLeod,  Minn 

MacMinn,  Tenn 

MacMullen,  Tex 

MacNairy,  Tenn 

Macomb,  Mich 

Macon,  Ala 

Macon,  Ga 

Macon,  111 

Macon,  Mo 

Macon,  N.C 

Macon,  Tenn 

Macoupin,  111 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Neb 

MacPherson,  S.D 

Madison,  Ala 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Fla 

Madison,  Ga. , 

Madison,  III 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Ky 

Madison,  La 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 

Population. 

Location 

in  state. 

1880. 

1890. 

Per  sq.m. 
1890. 

£. 

637 

15,298 

17,215 

27.02 

N.N.W. 

620 

20,016 

24,121 

38.904 

N.N.W. 

2,700 

12,676 

16,265 

6.024 

N.N.W. 

900 

69 

632 

0.702 

N.W. 

948 

52,044 

63,642 

66.47 

s.w. 

547 

6,404 

8,903 

16.27 

s. 

1,100 

1,994 

2,055 

1.868 

E.N.B. 

1,026 

38,450 

38,466 

37.48 

W. 

360 

9,165 

9,474 

26.316 

S.E. 

620 

5,258 

6,769 

9.304 

S.E.Cen. 

580 

22,251 

20,858 

35.96 

N.N.W. 

620 

20,196 

20,668 

39.746 

W.Cen. 

644 

39,562 

37,801 

58.698 

E.Cen. 

900 

4,962 

6,759 

7.61 

W.N.W. 

642 

14,885 

20,774 

32.a6 

N.E. 
S.Cen. 

1,830 
5,809 

3,070 
4,169 

1.67 
0.71 

Cen. 

620 

25,037 

25,489 

41.111 

W.N.W. 

8.S.W. 

1,080 
544 

3,384 
23,812 

3.13 
43.772 

24,358 

W.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

576 

1,008 

448 

1,378 

597 

27,386 

2.392 

0.693 

61.107 

26,267 

N.E. 
S.W. 

750 
675 

12,770 
11,101 

17.02 
16.447 

7,329 

E.Cen. 

769 

12,146 

19,263 

26.04 

N.N.E. 

530 

35,526 

40,296 

76.028 

S.W. 

4,000 

33,381 

101,454 

26.363 

E.S.E. 

256 

9,148 

9,273 

36.222 

N.E. 

520 

23,634 

23,274 

44.76 

S.E. 

300 

13,142 

11,873 

39.576 

E.Cen. 

470 

18,942 

16,997 

36.16 

N.Cen. 
W.Cen. 
S.Cen. 

576 
900 
720 

1,662 

3 

31,550 

2.88 
0.003 
43.81 

31,176 

S. 

431 

11,049 

16,102 

35.039 

E.N.E. 

536 

28,244 

27,047 

50.46 

N.W.Cen 

900 

25 

33 

0.036 

S.Cen. 

432 

14,530 

14,563 

33.944 

N.N.W. 

430 

67,377 

102,296 

237.89 

N.E. 

S.S.W. 

N.N.W. 

915 

1,080 

267 

2,456 

2.683 

6,526 

6,867 

25.71 

S. 

429 

11,636 

11,372 

26.508 

E.N.E. 

920 

133,065 

201,203 

218.69 

N.N.E. 

1,195 

57,486 

70,679 

69.06 

S.E.Cen. 

575 

124 

233 

0.405 

N.W.Cen 

900 

9 

24 

0.026 

N.W. 

600 

1,968 

8,680 

14.466 

E.Cen. 

858 

17,326 

23,196 

27.03 

W.Cen. 

275 

6,768 

7,628 

27.74 

S.W. 

720 

6,257 

9,501 

13.195 

W. 

1,264 

2,409 

1,987 

1.67 

S.E. 

580 

1,283 

6,448 

11.117 

8.W. 

250 

16,262 

21,051 

84.204 

Cen. 

1,000 

1,533 

3,205 

3.205 

W.N.W. 

580 

27,970 

27,467 

47.369 

S.W. 

580 

7,816 

11,283 

19.463 

W.Cen. 

476 

9,836 

10,939 

22.98 

S.W. 

680 

3,074 

7,300 

10.735 

E.N.E. 

235 

9,449 

8,789 

37.4 

N.E. 

624 

24,908 

26,114 

41.849 

N.N.W. 
S.E. 

1,476 
419 

1,658 
6,470 

1.123 
15.44 

6,241 

S. 

1,008 

3,248 

3.22 

N.N.W. 

1,065 

42,565 

46,863 

44.002 

W. 

N.E. 

1,080 
1,045 

3 

7,830 

0.002 
6.53 

2,902 

N.E.Cen. 

1,166 

60,100 

63,036 

54.061 

W.Cen. 

256 

9,293 

9,887 

34.62 

W.Cen. 
E.Cen. 

702 
1,040 

860 
39,204 

1.225 
37.696 

26,934 

S.Cen. 

504 

12,342 

17,026 

33.78 

S.E. 

452 

15,064 

17,890 

39.57 

S.Cen. 

1,200 

701 

1,038 

0.865 

S.W. 

550 

17,271 

15,510 

28.2 

S.E. 

468 

31,627 

31,813 

67.97 

E.S.E. 

622 

17,371 

18,439 

29.64 

S.W.Cen. 

288 

11,675 

13,183 

45.77 

Cen. 

680 

30,665 

38,083 

65.66 

N.E.Cen. 

820 

26,222 

30,575 

37.286 

W. 

624 

8,064 

10,102 

19.27 

N.Cen. 

332 

9,321 

10,878 

32.76 

W.S.W. 

864 

37,692 

40,380 

46.73 

E.Cen. 

900 

17,143 

21,614 

24.016 

W.Cen. 

620 

401 

0.646 

N.N.E. 

975 

5,940 

6.09 

N. 

796 

37,625 

38,119 

47.8 

N.W. 

892 

11,455 

17,402 

19.508 

N.W. 

830 

14,798 

14,316 

17.24 

N.E. 

300 

7,978 

11,024 

36.746 

W.S.W. 

740 

50,126 

61,536 

69.64 

E.Cen. 

450 

27,527 

36,487 

81.082 

S.W.Cen. 

576 

17,224 

15,977 

27.73 

E.Cen. 

385 

22,052 

24,348 

63.24 

N.E. 

664 

13,906 

14,135 

21.28 

Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Madison,  Miss 

Madison,  Mo 

Madison,  Mont 

Madison,  Neb 

Madison,  N.Y 

Madison,  N.C 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  Tenn 

Madison,  Tex 

Madison,  Va 

Magoffin,  Ky 

Mahaska,  Iowa 

Mahoning,  O 

Malheur,  Ore 

Manatee,  Fla 

Manistee,  Mich 

Manitou,  Mich 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Marathon,  Wis 

Marengo,  Ala. 

Maricopa,  Ariz 

Maries,  Mo 

Marin,  Cal 

Marinette,  Wis 

Marion,  Ala 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Fla 

Marion,  Ga. 

Marion,  111 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Ky 

Marion,  Miss 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  Ore 

Marion,  S.C 

Marion,  Tenn 

Marion,  Tex 

Marion,  W.  Va 

Mariposa,  Cal 

Marlborough,  S.C... 
Marquette,  Mich.... 

Marquette,  Wis 

Marshall,  Ala 

Marshall.IU 

Marshall,  Ind 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Kan 

Marshall,  Ky 

Marshall,  Minn 

Marshall,  Miss 

Marshall,  S.D 

Marshall.  Tenn 

Marshall,  W.  Va.... 

Martin,  Ind 

Martin,  Ky 

Martin,  Minn 

Martin,  N.C 

Martin,  S.D 

Martin,  Tex 

Mason,  111 

Mason,  Ky 

Mason,  Mich 

Mason,  Tex 

Mason,  Wash 

Mason,  W.  Va 

Massac,  111 

Matagorda,  Tex 

Matthews,  Va 

Maury,  Tenn 

Maverick,  Tex 

Meade,  Kan 

Meade,  Ky 

Meade,  S.D 

Meagher,  Mont 

Mecklenburg,  N.C. 
Mecklenburg,  Va... 

Mecosta,  Mich 

Medina,  0 

Medina,  Tex 

Meeker,  Minn 

Meigs,  0 

Meigs,  Tenn 

Menard,  III 

Menard,  Tex 

Mendocino,  Cal 

Menifee,  Ky 

Menominee,  Mich... 

Merced,  Cal 

Mercer,  111 

Mercer,  Ky 

Mercer,  Mo 

Mercer,  NJ 

Mercer,  N.D 


Location 
in  state. 


Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

N.£.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

E. 

Cen. 

W.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

Cen. 

SCen. 

E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

E. 

S. 

N.E, 

N. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

N. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N. 

N.E. 

s.s.w. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

8. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

w. 
w. 

S.K 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.S.W. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

w. 

Cen. 

S.S.W. 

S. 

W.Cen, 

N  E 

S.w!cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.B.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 


720 
492 

4^250 
576 
628 
480 
465 
520 
450 
290 
300 
676 
422 

9,936 

1,240 
550 
120 
587 

1,584 
960 

9,892 
515 
590 

1,118 
796 
631 

1,600 
330 
580 
400 
576 
964 
336 

1,055 
420 
416 
830 

1,024 
500 
420 
314 

1,570 
530 

2,399 
481 
580 
400 
441 
576 
900 
330 

1,810 
720 
900 
350 
248 
340 
235 
720 
670 
755 
900 
560 
225 
500 
960 
996 
440 
240 

1,150 
100 
600 

1,320 
975 
332 

1,405 

7,000 
640 
658 
580 
420 

1,270 
630 
415 
200 
320 
880 

3,694 
150 

1,362 

2,270 
655 
250 
484 
226 
711 


Population. 


1880,        1890.     ^Y890"™" 


25,866 

8,876 

3,915 

5,689 

44,112 

12,810 

20,129 

30,874 

5,395 

10,562 

6,944 

25,202 

42,871 

'"3,544 
12,632 

1,334 

.  37,506 

17,121 

30,890 

5,689 

7,304 
11,324 

8,929 

9,364 

7,907 
13,046 

8,598 
23,686 
102,782 
26,111 
12,453 
14,693 

6,901 
24,837 
20,565 
14,576 
34,107 
10,910 
10,983 
17,198 

4,:«9 
20,598 
25,294 

8,908 
14,586 
15,055 
23,414 
23,752 
16,136 

9,647 

992 

29,330 


19,269 
18,840 
13,476 
3,057 
5,249 
13,140 


12 

16,242 

20,469 

10,065 

2,655 

639 

22,293 

10,443 

3,940 

7,501 

39,904 

2,967 

296 

10,323 


2,743 
34,175 
24,610 
13,973 
21,463 

4,492 
11,739 
32,325 

7,117 
13,024 

1,239 
12,8fK) 

3,755 
11,987 

6,666 
19,502 
14,142 
14,673 
68,061 


27,321 

9,268 

4,692 

13,669 

42,892 

17,805 

20,057 

30,497 

8,512 

10,226 

9,196 

28,806 

55,979 

2,601 

2,896 

24,230 

860 

37,831 

30,369 

33,095 

10,986 

8,600 

13,072 

20,.301 

11,347 

10,390 

20,796 

7,728 

24,341 

141,156 

23,058 

20,539 

15,648 

9,632 

26,233 

24,727 

22,934 

29,976 

16,411 

10,862 

20,721 

3,787 

23,500 

39,521 

9,676 

18,935 

13,663 

2.3,818 

26,842 

2.3,912 

11,287 

9,130 

26,043 

4,544 

18,906 

20,735 

13,973 

4,209 

9,403 

16,221 

7 

264 

lf,067 

20,773 

16,385 

6,168 

2,826 

22,863 

11,313 

3,986 

7,584 

38,112 

3,698 

2,542 

9,484 

4,640 

4,749 

42,673 

25,369 

19,697 

21,742 

6,730 

15,456 

29,813 

6,930 

13,120 

1,207 

17,612 

4,666 

33,639 

8,086 

18,545 

15,034 

14,681 

79,978 

428 


37.94 
18.83 

1.104 
23.73 
68.29 
37.093 
43.13 
58.64 
18.915 
35.25 
30.653 
50.008 
132.664 

0.26 

2.334 
44.054 

7.166 
63.08 
19.17 
34.47 

1.11 
16.699 
22.15 
18.16 
14.25 
16.46 
12.93 
23.418 
41.96 
362.89 
40.031 
21.52 
46.67 

9.035 
62.459 
59.43 
27.63 
29.27 
30.822 
26.86 
65.99 

2.413 
44.33 
12.305 
20.11 
32.64 
34.132 
64.009 
44.87 
26,56 
34.203 

5.04 
36.17 

5.048 
64.017 
83.605 
41.09 
17.91 
13.059 
26.7 

0.00» 

0.293 
28.691 
92.32 
32.77 

6.38 

2.83 
51.961 
47.137 

3.465 
76.84 
63.62 

2.801 

2.607 
28.66 

3.302 

0.678 
66.67 
38.56 
33.96 
51.76 

4.511 
24.63 
71.83 
34.65 
4L 

1.371 

4.76 
31.106 
24.77 

3.617 
33.414 
60.13 
30.126 
355.46 

0.601 


39 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETUKNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  county 
and  state. 


Mercer,  0 

Mercer,  Pa 

Mercer,  W.  Va 

Meriwether,  Ga: 

Merrick,  Neb 

Merrimack,  N.H 

Mesa,  Col 

Metcalfe,  Ky 

Meyer,  S.D 

Miami,  Ind 

Miami,  Kan 

Miami,  0 

Middlesex,  Conn 

Middlesex,  Mass - 

Middlesex,  N.J 

Middlesex,  Va 

Midland,  Mich 

Midland,  Tex 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Milam,  Tex 

Millard,  Utah 

Mille  Lacs,  Minn 

Miller,  Ark 

Miller,  Ga 

Miller,  Mo 

Mills,  Iowa 

Mills,  Tex 

Milton,  Ga 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Miner,  S.D 

Mineral,  W.  Va 

Minnehaha,  S.D 

Missaukee,  Mich 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Mo 

Missoula,  Mont 

Mitchell,  Ga 

Mitchell,  Iowa 

Mitchell,  Kan.... 

Mitchell,  N.C 

Mitchell,  Tex 

Mobile,  Ala 

Modoc,  Cal 

Mohave,  Ariz 

Moniteau,  Mo 

Monmouth,  N.J 

Mono,  Gal 

Monona,  Iowa 

Monongalia,  W.  Va... 

Monroe,  Ala 

Monroe,  Ark 

Monroe,  Fla 

Monroe,  Ga 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Ky 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Miss 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  N.T 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Tenn 

Monroe,  W.  Va 

Monroe,  Wis 

Montague,  Tex 

Montcalm,  Mich 

Monterey,  Cal 

Montezuma,  Col 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Montgomery,  Ark 

Montgomery,  Gfa 

Montgomery,  111 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Iowa... 
Montgomery,  Kan.... 

Montgomery,  Ky 

Montgomery,  Md 

Montgomery,  Miss.... 

Montgomery,  Mo 

Montgomery,  N.C 

Montgomery,  N.Y 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  Pa 

Montgomery,  Tenn... 

Montgomery,  Tex 

Montgomery,  Va 

Montmorency,  Mich. 

Montour,  Pa 

Montrose,  Col 

Moody,  S.D 

Moore,  N.C 

Moore,  Tenn 

Moore,  Tex 

Moro,  N.M 

40 


Location 
in  state. 


W.N.W. 
W.N.W. 

S. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W. 

S. 


Area 


S. 
N.Cen, 

1,440 
360 

E. 

688 

W. 

396 

s. 

390 

N.E. 

827 

Cen. 

310 

E.S.E. 

135 

E.Cen. 

530 

W.Cen. 

900 

S.Cen. 

375 

E.Cen. 

1,000 

W. 

6,712 

E.Cen. 

580 

S.W. 

648 

S.W. 

240 

Cen. 

590 

S.W. 

448 

Cen. 

640 

N.W.Cen 

110 

8.E. 

332 

E.S.E. 

580 

N.E. 

370 

S.E. 

790 

N.Cen. 

580 

N.E. 

803 

S.E. 

430 

W. 

18,550 

S.W. 

507 

N.N.E. 

480 

N.Cen. 

720 

W.N.W. 

324 

W.Cen. 

900 

S.W. 

1,234 

N.E. 

4,198 

N.W. 

11,332 

Cen. 

420 

B. 

475 

E. 

3,384 

E. 

684 

N. 

325 

S.W.Cen. 

990 

E. 

696 

S.W. 

692 

W.Cen. 

490 

S.W. 

380 

S.Cen. 

430 

S.E. 

432 

S. 

272 

S.E. 

530 

E.N.E. 

770 

N.E. 

644 

W. 

721 

E.S.E. 

468 

E. 

625 

S.E. 

580 

S. 

460 

S.W. 

900 

N.N.E. 

890 

S.Cen. 

720 

W.S.W. 

3,452 

S.W. 

2,640 

S.E.Cen. 

772 

W.Cen. 

834 

S.E.Cen. 

763 

S.Cen. 

702 

W.Cen. 

504 

S.W.   , 

432 

S.E. 

648 

N.E.  Cen. 

200 

W. 

508 

N.Cen. 

395 

E.Cen. 

546 

Cen. 

596 

E.Cen. 

396 

S.W. 

480 

S.E. 

480 

N.N.W. 

540 

E.S.E. 

1,100 

S.W. 

422 

N.E. 

580 

E.Cen. 

130 

W.S.W. 

2,300 

E.S.E. 

500 

S.E.Cen. 

924 

8. 

170 

N. 

900 

N.E. 

4,000 

460 
660 
420 
652 
440 
909 
3,000 
410 


Population. 


1880.        1890.      ^Ys^*™' 


21,808 
56,161 

7,467 
17,651 

5,341 
46,300 


9,423 

115 

24,083 

17,802 

36,158 

35,589 

317,830 

52,286 

6,252 

6,893 


19,577 
18,659 
3,727 
1,501 
9,919 
3,720 
9,805 
14,137 


6,261 

138,537 

363 

8,630 

8,261 

1,553 

7,332 

9,270 

2,537 

9,392 

14,363 

14,911 

9,435 

117 

48,653 

4,399 

1,190 

14,346 

55,538 

7,499 

9,055 

14,985 

17,091 

9,574 

10,940 

18,808 

13,682 

15,875 

13,719 

10,741 

33,624 

28,553 

19,071 

144,903 

26,496 

20,175 

14,283 

11,501 

21,607 

11,257 

33,148 

11,302 


52,356 
6,729 
6,381 
28,078 
27,316 
15,895 
18,213 
10,566 
24,759 
13,348 
16,249 
9,374 
38,315 
78,550 
96,494 
28,481 
10,154 
16,693 


15,468 


3,915 

16,821 

6,233 


9,751 


27,220 

55,744 

16,002 

20,740 

8,758 

49,435 

4,260 

9,871 


25,823 
19,614 
39,754 
39,524 
431,167 
61,754 

7,458 
10,657 

1,033 
19,996 
24,773 

4,033 

2,846 
14,714 

4,275 
14,162 
14,548 

5,493 

6,208 
236,101 

5,166 
12,085 
21,879 

5,048 
ll,6:i5 
10,134 
14,427 
10,906 
13,299 
15,037 
12,807 

2,069 
51,587 

4,986 

1  444 
15' 630 
69,128 

2,002 
14,516 
15,705 
18,990 
15,336 
18,786 
19,137 
12,948 
17,673 
13,666 
10,989 
32,337 
30,730 
20,790 
189,586 
25,175 
20,111 
15,329 
12,429 
23,211 
18,86;i 
32,637 
18,6.H7 

1,529 
56,172 

7,923 

9,248 
30,003 
28,025 
15,848 
23,104 
12,367 
27,185 
14,469 
16,850 
11,239 
45,699 
100,862 
123,290 
29,697 
11,765 
17,742 

1,487 
15,645 

3,980 

6,941 
20,479 

6,975 

15 

10,618 


69.17 
84.46 
38.1 
37.58 
19.904 
64.38 
1.42 
24.076 

"7i".73 

33.369 

100.38 

101.34 

521.36 

199.206 

55.17 

20.107 

1.147 
63.32 
24.773 

0.6 

4.905 
22.706 
17.812 
24.003 
32.47 

8.582 
56.436 
711.14 

8.905 
32.662 
27.68 

8.703 
14.45 
23.56 

0.777 
21.51 
27.706 
20.884 
39.52 

2.287 
41.803 

1.187 

0.127 
37.214 
146.53 

0.592 
21.22 
45.24 
19.181 
22.04 
27.14 
39.065 
34.07 
41.1 
31.63 
40.4 
61.013 
39.909 
32.28 
262.94 
53.79 
32.177 
26.429 
27.019 
25.79 
21.19 
45.329 

5.39 

0.678 
72.76 

9.5 
12.12 
42.73 
65.605 
36.68 
36.654 
61.836 
63.51 
36.605 
30.86 
18.85 
116.4 
210.108 
256.86 
54.99 
10.695 
42.04 

2.565 
120..34 

1.3 

11.882 
22.0.55 
36.14 

0.016 

2.6645 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Morehouse,  La.... 

Morgan,  Ala 

Morgan,  Col 

Morgan,  Ga 

Morgan,  111 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Ky 

Morgan,  Mo 

Morgan,  0 

Morgan,  Tenn 

Morgan,  Utah 

Morgan,  W.  Va..., 

Morris,  Kan 

Morris,  N.J 

Morris,  Tex 

Morrison,  Minn..., 

Morrow,  0 

Morrow,  Ore 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  N.D 

Motley,  Tex 

Moultrie,  111 

Mountraill,  N.D... 

Mower,  Minn , 

Muhlenberg,  Ky., 
Multnomah,  Ore.., 

Murray,  Ga 

Murray,  Minn 

Muscatine,  Iowa.., 

Muscogee,  Ga , 

Muskegon,  Mich... 

Muskingum,  O 

Nacogdoches,  Tex 

Nance,  Neb 

Nansemond,  Va.... 
Nantucket,  Mass.. 

Napa,  Cal 

Nash,  N.C 

Nassau,  Fla 

Natchitoches,  La.. 

Natrona,  Wyo 

Navarro,  Tex 

Nelson,  Ky 

Nelson,  N.D 

Nelson,  Va , 

Nemaha,  Kan 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neshoba,  Miss 

Ness,  Kan 

Nevada,  Ark 

Nevada,  Cal 

Newaygo,  Mich.... 

Newberi-y,  S.C 

New  Castle,  Del..., 
New  Hanover,  N.C... 
New  Haven,  Conn.... 

New  Kent,  Va 

New  London,  Conn... 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

Newport,  R.I 

Newton,  Ark 

Newton,  Ga 

Newton,  Ind 

Newton,  Miss 

Newton,  Mo 

Newton,  Tex 

New  York,  N.Y 

Nez  Perces,  Idaho 

Niagara,  N.Y 

Nicholas,  Ky 

Nicholas,  W.  Va 

Nicollet,  Minn 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  0 

Nobles,  Minn 

Nodaway,  Mo 

Nolan,  Tex 

Norfolk,  Mass 

Norfolk,  Va 

Northampton,  N.C... 

Northampton,  Pa 

Northampton,  Va 

Northumberland,  Pa. 
Northumberland,  Va. 

Norman,  Minn 

Norton,  Kan 

Nottoway,  Va 

Nowlin,  S.D 

Noxubee,  Miss 

Nuckolls,  Neb 

Nueces,  Tex 

Nye,  Nev 

Oakland,  Mich 

Obion,  Tenn 

O'Brien,  Iowa 


Location 
in  state. 


Area 


N.E. 

N. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.S.W. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.S.W. 

w.s.w. 

E.Cen. 

E 

EiCen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Ceu. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N. 

N.Cen. 

S.8.W, 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

E. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

W. 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

E. 

S.E. 

N.K. 

E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

8. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 


845 
686 

1,290 
322 
580 
430 
288 
638 
400 
448 
725 
230 
684 
470 
260 
970 
432 

2,020 
729 

3,168 

1,080 
340 

2,895 
675 
484 
440 
410 
720 
435 
244 
520 
651 
960 
436 
400 
65 
850 
648 
640 

1,285 

5,475 

1,020 
380 

1,008 
375 
720 
391 
576 
560 

1,080 
616 

1,000 
860 
600 
430 
90 
619 
210 
687 
620 
100 
838 
260 
400 
576 
648 
970 
40 

1,610 
604 
190 
720 
455 
420 
415 
720 
848 
900 
494 
476 
668 
380 
290 
463 
180 

1,440 
900 
281 

1,220 
668 
676 

2,430 

16,908 

900 

540 

576 


Population. 


1880. 


14,206 
16,428 


14,032 

31,514 

18,900 

8,455 

10,132 

20,074 

5,156 

1,783 

5,777 

9,265 

50,861 

6,032 

5,875 

19,072 


200 
24 
13,699 
13 
16,799 
15,098 
25,203 

8,269 

3,604 
23,170 
19,322 
26,586 
49,774 
11,590 

1,212 
15,903 

3,727 
13,235 
17,731 

6,635 
19,707 


21,702 
16,609 

16,536 
12,462 
10,461 
16,121 

8,741 

3,722 
12,959 
20,823 
14,688 
26,497 
77,716 
21,376 
156,523 

5,615 
73,152 

7,694 
24,180 

6,120 
13,623 

8,167 
13,436 
18,947 

4,359 
1,206,299 

3,965 
54,173 
11,869 

7,223 
12,333 
22,956 
21,138 

4,435 
29,644 
640 
96,507 
68,657 
20,032 
70,312 

9,152 
53,123 

7,929 


11,166 


1890.      P«-^-- 


29,874 
4,235 
7,673 
1,875 
41,537 
22,912 
4,155 


16,786 
24,089 

1,601 
16,041 
32,636 
18,643 
11,249 
12,311 
19,143 

7,639 

1,780 

6,744 
11,381 
54,101 

6,680 
13,325 
18,120 

4,205 
724 

4,728 
139 
14,481 
122 
18,019 
17,955 
74,884 

8,461 

6,692 
24,504 
27,761 
40,013 
51,210 
15,984 

5,773 
19,692 

3,268 
16,411 
20,707 

8,294 
25,836 

1,094 
26,373 
16,417 

4,293 
15,336 
19,249 
12,930 
18,561 
11,146 

4,944 
14,832 
17,369 
20,476 
26,434 
97,182 
24,026 
209,058 

6,511 
76,634 

9,317 
28,552 

9,950 
14,310 

8,803 
16,625 
22,108 

4,650 
1,515,301 

2,847 
62,491 
10,764 

9,309 
13,382 
23,359 
20,753 

7,958 
30,914 

1,573 
118,950 
77,038 
21,242 
84,220 
10,313 
74,698 

7,886 
10,618 
10,617 
11,582 
149 
27,3:38 
11,417 

8,093 

1,290 
41,245 
27,273 
13,060 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Ocean,  N.J 

Oceana,  Mich 

Ochiltree,  Tex 

Oconee,  Ga 

Oconee,  S.C 

Oconto,  Wis 

Ogemaw,  Mich. 

Ogle,  111 

Oglethorpe,  6a 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ky 

Ohio,  W.  Va 

Okxnogan,  Wash 

Oklahoma,  Okla 

Oktibbeha,  Miss 

Oldham,  Ky 

Oldham,  Tex 

Oliver,  N.D 

Olmsted,  Minn 

Oneida,  Idaho 

Oneida,  N.Y 

Oneida,  Wis 

Onondaga,  N.Y 

Onslow,  N.C 

Ontario,  N.Y 

Ontonagon,  Mich 

Orange,  Cal 

Orange,  Fla 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  N.Y 

Orange,  N.C 

Orange,  Tex 

Orange,  Vt 

Orange,  Va 

Orangeburg,  S.C 

Oregon,  Mo 

Orleans,  La 

Orleans,  N.Y 

Orleans,  Vt 

Ormsby,  Nev 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Mo 

Osborne,  Kan 

Osceola,  Fla 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Mich 

Oscoda,  Mich 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Otero,  Col 

Otoe,  Neb 

Otsego,  Mich 

Otsego,  N.Y 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Mich 

Ottawa,  0 

Otter  Tail,  Minn 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ouachita,  La 

Ouray,  Col 

Outagamie,  Wis 

OvertoQ,  Tenn 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen.  Ky 

Owsley,  Ky 

Owyhee,  Idaho 

Oxford,  Me 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozaukee,  Wis 

Pacific,  Wash 

Page,  Iowa 

Page,  Va 

Palo  Alto,  Iowa 

Palo  Pinto,  Tex 

Pamlico,  N.C 

Panola,  Miss 

Panola,  Tex 

Park,  Col 

Park,  Mont 

Parke,  Ind 

Parker,  Tex 

Parmer,  Tex 

Pasco,  Fla 

Pasquotank,  N.C 

Passaic,  N.J 

Patrick,  Va 

Paulding,  Ga 

Paulding,  0 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee,  Neb 

Payne,  Okla 

Pearl  River,  Miss 

Pecos,  Tex 

Pembina,  N.D 

Pemiscot,  Mo 

Pender,  N.C 

Pendleton,  Ky 

4 


Location 
in  state. 


E.S.E. 

W. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 
N.W. 

N.E. 
E.N.E. 

N. 

N.Cen. 
E.S.E. 
W.Cen. 

N. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

s.w. 

E. 

S. 

S.W. 
N.E.  Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.S.E. 

S.E. 

W. 

N. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.N.W. 

W. 

S.S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.S.W. 

s. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

E.N.B. 

Cen. 

S. 

w. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.N.E. 


Area 
in 

sq.  m. 


578 
540 
900 
168 
620 

1,127 
570 
780 
628 
90 
610 
120 

7,258 
750 
460 
170 

1,460 
720 
648 

2,700 

1,196 

2,036 
824 
640 
674 

1,342 
740 

1,566 
400 
791 
380 
390 
659 
360 

1,400 
780 
187 
399 
728 
144 
720 
586 
900 

1,758 
408 
580 
580 
962 

2,050 
609 
540 
956 
720 
570 
311 

2,200 
732 
644 
450 
640 
360 
390 
312 
176 

7,800 

1,892 
780 
232 
896 
528 
288 
576 
960 
460 
680 
800 

2,100 

5,558 
440 
900 
850 
800 
200 
197 
521 
340 
414 
756 
432 
600 
666 

6,700 

1,120 
480 
800 
310 


Population. 


1880.         1890.     ^Y89(r' 


14,555 
11.699 


6,351 
16,256 

9,848 

1,914 
29,937 
15,400 

5,563 
19,669 
37,457 


15,978 
7,667 

287 


21,543 

6,964 

115,475 


117,893 

9,829 

49,541 

2,565 


6,618 
14,363 
88,220 
23,698 

2,938 
23,525 
13,052 
41,395 

5,791 

216,090 

30,128 

22,083 

5,412 
19,642 
11,824 
12,617 


2,219 

10,777 

467 

77,911 


15,727 

1,974 

51,397 

10,307 

33,126 

19,762 

18,675 

11,758 

14,685 

2,669 

28,716 

12,153 

15,901 

17,401 

4,942 

1,426 

32,627 

5,618 

15,461 

1,645 

19,667 

9,965 

4,131 

5,886 

6,323 

28,352 

12,219 

3,970 


19,460 
15,870 


10,369 
68,860 
12,833 
10,887 
13,485 
5,396 
6,920 


1,807 
4,862 
4,299 
12,468 
16,702 


15,974 

15,698 

198 

7,713 

18,687 

15,009 
5,583 

28,710 

16,951 

4,955 
22,946 
41,557 

1,467 
11,742 
17,694 

6,754 

270 

464 

19,434 

6,819 
122,922 

5,010 

146,247 

10,303 

48,453 

3,756 
13,589 
12,584 
14,678 
97,859 
14,498 

4,770 
19,575 
12,814 
49,393 
10,257 
242,039 
30,803 
22,101 

4,883 
25,062 
13,080 
12,083 

3,133 

5,574 
14,630 

1,904 
71,883 

4,192 
25,403 

4,272 
60,861 
12,581 
35,358 
21,974 
34,232 
17,033 
17,985 

6,510 
38,690 
12,039 
15,040 
17,676 

5,975 

2,021 
30,586 

9,795 
14,943 

4,358 
21,341 
13,092 

9,318- 

8,320 

7,146 
26,977 
14,328 

3,548 

6,881 

20,296 

21,682 

7 

4,249 
10,748 
105,046 
14,147 
11,948 
25,932 

5,204 
10,340 

7,215 

2,967 

1,326 
14,334 

5,975 
12,514 
16,346 


27.636 
29.07 

0.22 
45.31 
30.14 

13.31 

9.79 
36.807 
32.104 
55.055 
37.616 
346.3 

0.202 
15.666 
38.48 
39.72 

0.116 

0.644 
29.99 

2.52 
102.861 

2.46 
177.48 
16.098 
71.888 

2.79 
18.363 

8.035 
36.696 
123.71 
38.15 
12.23 
29.704 
36.69 
35.28 
13.15 
1294.3 
77.2 
30.35 
33.909 
34.808 
22.32 
13.42 

1.78 
13.66 
25.22 

3.282 
74.72 

2.044 
41.71 

7.91 
53.201 
17.47 
62.031 
70.655 
15.56 
23.29 
27.7 
14.46 
60.45 
33.44 
38.56 
56.653 
33.94 

0.259 
16.16 
12.55 
64.409 

4.86 
40.41 
45.458 
16.17 

8.66 
15.534 
39.67 
17.91 

1.213 

1.237 
46.127 
24.091 

0.008 

6.311 
53.74 
533.24 
27.153 
35.141 
62.6.37 

6.87 
24.19 
12.02 

4.43 

0.197 
12.798 
12.447 
15.64 
52.7 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Pendleton,  W.  Va, 
Pennington,  S.D... 

Penobscot,  Me 

Peoria,  III 

Pepin,  Wis 

Perkins,  Neb 

Perquimans,  N.C. 

Perry,  Ala 

Perry,  Ark 

Perry,  111 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ky 

Perry,  Miss 

Perry,  Mo 

Perry,0 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Tenn 

Person,  N.C 

Pettis,  Mo 

Phelps,  Mo 

Phelps,  Neb 

Philadelphia,  Pa.. 

Phillips,  Ark 

Phillips,  Col 

Phillips,  Kan 

Piatt,  111 

Pickaway,  O 

Pickens,  Ala 

Pickens,  Ga 

Pickens,  S.C 

Pickett,  Tenn 

Pierce,  Ga 

Pierce,  Neb 

Pierce,  N.D 

Pierce,  Wash 

Pierce,  Wis 

Pike,  Ala 

Pike,  Ark 

Pike,  Ga 

Pike,  III 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ky 

Pike,  Miss 

Pike,  Mo 

Pike,  0 

Pike,  Pa 

Pima,  Ariz 

Pinal,  Ariz 

Pine,  Minn 

Pipe  Stone,  Minn. 
Piscataquis,  Me.... 

Pitkin,  Col 

Pitt,  N.C 

Pittsylvania,  Va 

PiUte,  Utah 

Placer,  Cal 

Plaquemines,  La 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte.  Neb 

Pleasants,  W.  Va 

Plumas,  Cal 

Plymouth,  Iowa 

Plymouth,  Mass 

Pocahontas,  Iowa 

Pocahontas,  W.  Va... 

Poinsett,  Ark 

Point  Coupe,  La 

I'olk,  Ark 

Polk,  Fla 

Polk,  Ga... 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Minn 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Neb 

Polk,  N.C 

Polk,  Ore 

Polk,  Tenn 

Polk,  Tex 

Polk,  Wis 

Pontotoc,  Miss 

Pope,  Ark 

Pope,  111 

Pope,  Minn 

Portage,  O 

Portage,  Wis 

Porter,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Pottawatomie,  Kan... 
Pottawattamie,  Iowa 

Potter,  Pa 

Potter,  S.D 

Potter.  Tex 

Powell,  Ky 

Poweshiek,  Iowa 

Powhatan,  Va 

Prairie,  Ark 


Location 
in  state. 


E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

N.N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen 

W. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S. 

E.N.E. 

S. 

N.E. 

S. 

S.Cen. 

E. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.E.  Cen 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen 

W. 

Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

8.S.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


660 

1,621 

3,332 
615 
244 
882 
240 
774 
560 
440 
380 
448 

1,116 
436 
402 
550 
420 
420 
668 
640 
576 
130 
650 
570 
900 
440 
501 
934 
276 
464 
240 
555 
576 
864 

1,376 
570 
710 
620 
262 
795 
310 
780 
720 
620 
436 
620 
10,596 

5,300 

1,400 
460 

3,772 
950 
658 
914 

3,659 

1,492 
930 
410 
682 
160 

2,720 
818 
671 
576 
765 
720 
580 
935 

2,060 
330 
676 

3,030 
640 
439 
276 
615 
400 

1,200 
955 
630 
795 
360 
720 
480 
792 
410 
398 
848 
900 

1,070 
900 
900 
144 
676 
255 
658 


Population. 


1880.   1890.  ^YsW™' 


8,022 

2,244 

70,476 

55,355 

6,226 


9,466 
30,741 

3,872 
16,007 
16,997 

5,607 

3,427 
11,895 
28,218 
27,522 

7,174 
13,719 
27,271 
12,568 

2,447 
847,170 
21,262 


12,014 
15,583 
27,415 
21,479 
6,790 
14,389 


4,638 
1,202 


3,319 

17,744 

20,640 

6,345 

15,849 

33,751 

16,383 

13,001 

16,688 

26,715 

17,927 

9,663 

17,006 

3,044 

1,365 

2,092 

14,872 


21,794 

52,689 

1,651 

14,232 

11,575 

17,366 

9,511 

6,256 

6,180 

8,666 

74,018 

3,713 

5,591 

2,192 

17,785 

5,857 

3,181 

11,952 

42,395 

11,433 

15,734 

6,846 

5,062 

6,601 

7,269 

7,189 

10,018 

13,858 

14,222 

13,266 

5,874 

27,500 

17,731 

17,227 

20,857 

16,350 

39,850 

13,797 


28 

3,639 

18,936 

7,817 

8,436 


8,711 

6,540 

72,865 

70,378 

6,932 

4,364 

9,293 

29,332 

5,538 

17,629 

18,240 

6,331 

6,494 

13,237 

31,151 

26,276 

7,785 

15,151 

31,151 

12,636 

9,869 

1.046,964 

25,341 

2,642 

13,661 

17,062 

26,959 

22,470 

8,182 

16,389 

4,736 

6,379 

4,864 

905 

50,940 

20,385 

24,423 

8,537 

16,300 

31,000 

18,644 

17,378 

21,203 

26,321 

17,482 

9,412 

12,673 

4,251 

4,052 

5,132 

16,134 

8,929 

25,519 

59,941 

2,842 

15,101 

12,541 

16,248 

15,437 

7,539 

4,933 

19,668 

92,700 

9,663 

6,814 

4,272 

19,613 

9,283 

7,905 

14,945 

65,410 

30,192 

20,339 

10,817 

5,902 

7,868 

8,361 

10,332 

12,968 

14,940 

19,458 

14,016 

10,032 

27,868 

24,798 

18,052 

21,629 

17,722 

47,430 

22,778 

2,910 

849 

4,698 

18,394 

6,791 

11,374 

41 


13.401 
4.299 
21.86 
114.43 
28.409 
4.947 
38.72 
37.89 
9.88 
39.83 
48. 
14.13 
5.81 
30.36 
77.48 
47.77 
18.635 
36.07 
46.618 
19.74 
17.133 
8063.56 
38.98 
4.635 
15.17 
38.77 
53.81 
24.057 
29.64 
35.322 
19.733 
11.493 
8.44 
1.047 
37.02 
35.76 
34.39 
13.753 
62.213 
38.113 
59.819 
22.27 
29.448 
42.453 
40.096 
16.18 
1.196 
0.802 
2.894 
11.16 
4.27 
9.39 
38.75 
66.68 
0.77 
10.12 
13.48 
39.62 
22.63 
50.26 
1.813 
23.92 
138.152 
16.571 
8.81 
6.93 
33.81 
9.92 
3.83 
45.28 
113.56 
9.964 
31.77 
24.64 
21.38 
12.77 
20.902 
8.61 
13.679 
28.18 
24.47 
38.93 
13.933 
68.06 
31.31 
44.029 
64.09 
20.89 
62.7 
21.287 
3.83 
0.943 
32.62 
31.93 
26.631 
17.28 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUKNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Pratt,  Kan 

Pratt,  S.D 

Preble,  0 

Prentiss,  Hiss 

Presho,  S.D 

Presidio,  Tex 

Presque  Isle,  Mich.... 

Preston,  W.  Va 

Price,  Wis 

Prince  Edward,  Va... 
Prince  George,  Va.... 
Prince  George's,  Md. 
Princess  Anue,  Va.... 
Prince  William,  Va... 

Providence,  B.X. 

Prowers,  Col 

Pueblo,  Col 

Pulaski,  Ark 

Pulaski,  Ga 

Pulaski,  111 

Pulaski,  Ind 

Pulaski,  Ky 

Pulaski,  Mo 

Pulaski,  Va 

Putnam,  Fla 

Putnam,  Ga 

Putnam,  111 

Putnam,  Ind 

Putnam,  Mo 

Putnam,  N.Y 

Putnam,  0 

Putnam,  Tenn 

Putnam,  W.  Va 

Pyatt,S.D 

Queen  Anne's,  Hd.... 

Queens,  N.Y 

Quitman,  Ga 

Quitman,  Miss 

Rabun,  Ga 

Bacine,  Wis 

Rains,  Tex 

Raleigh,  W.  Va 

Ralls,  Mo 

Ramsey,  Minn 

Ramsey,  N.D 

Randall,  Tex 

Randolph,  Ala 

Randolph,  Ark 

Randolph,  Ga 

Randolph,  111 

Randolph,  Ind 

Randolph,  Mo 

Randolph,  N.O , 

Randolph,  W.  Va. 

Rankin,  Miss 

Ransom,  N.D , 

Rapides,  La 

Rappahannock,  Va... 

Rawlins,  Kan 

Ray,  Mo , 

Red  River,  La. , 

Red  River,  Tex 

Red  Willow,  Neb 

Redwood,  Minn 

Reeves,  Tex 

Refugio,  Tex , 

Reno,  Kan 

Renville,  Minn 

Renville,  N.D 

Rensselaer,  N.Y 

Republic,  Kan 

Reynolds,  Mo 

Rhea,  Tenn 

Rice,  Kan 

Rice,  Minn 

Rich,  Utah 

Richardson,  Neb 

Richland,  111 

Richland,  La 

Richland,  N.D 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  S.C 

Richland,  Wis 

Richmond,  Ga. 

Richmond,  N.Y. 

Richmond,  N.O 

Richmond,  Va 

Riley,  Kan 

Rinehart,  S.D 

Ringgold,  Iowa 

Rio  Arriba,  N.M 

Bio  Blanco,  Col , 

Rio  Grande,  Col , 

Ripley,  Ind 

Ripley,  Mo , 

Ritchie,  W.  Va , 

42 


Location 
in  state. 


S.Cen. 
N.W.Cen 

8.W. 

N.E. 

S.Oen. 

W. 

N.E. 

N.N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

W. 

8.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

8.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

S.S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

S.B. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

W. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

S.E. 

w.s.w. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

E 

N.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

8. 

S.W. 

w. 

E.S.E. 
8.  Cen. 
S.W.Cen. 
N.N.W. 

N.N.E. 

S.E.  Cen. 

S.E. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen 

S.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

8. 

E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


720 

1,220 
432 
415 

1,185 

3,470 
715 
709 

1,160 
348 
268 
480 
270 
367 
440 

1,650 

2,400 
883 
435 
190 
430 
870 
520 
345 
776 
335 
170 
490 
542 
241 
480 
430 
350 

1,510 
352 
250 
168 
400 
464 
340 
270 
570 
490 
162 
936 
900 
599 
622 
449 
560 
460 
470 
750 

1,175 
755 
864 

1,495 
270 

1,080 
684 
386 

1,060 
720 
870 

2,390 
760 

1,260 
900 

1,332 
643 
720 
830 
360 
720 
605 
980 
545 
361 
575 

1,440 
487 
608 
670 
329 
61 
789 
210 
612 
835 
645 

7.150 

3,600 

1,260 

450 

640 

612 


Population. 


1880.         1890.     ^'g^:^- 


1,890 


24,533 
12,168 


2,873 

3,113 

19,091 

785 

14,668 

10,054 

26,451 

9,394 

9,180 

197,874 


7,617 

32,616 

14,058 

9,607 

9,861 

21,318 

7,250 

8,755 

6,261 

14,539 

5,664 

22,601 

13,655 

15,181 

2.3,713 

11,501 

11,375 


19,257 

90,674 

4,392 

1,407 

4,634 

30,922 

3,035 

7,367 

11,838 

45,890 

281 

3 

16,675 

11,724 

13,341 

26,690 

26,436 

22,751 

20,836 

8,102 

16,752 

637 

23,563 

9,291 

1,623 

20,190 

8,673 

17,194 

3,044 

5,376 


1,685 
12,826 
10,791 


115,328 

14,913 

5,722 

7,073 

9,292 

22,481 

1,263 

15,031 

15,546 

8,440 

3,697 

36,306 

28,673 

18,174 

34,666 

38,991 

18,245 

7,195 

10,430 

12,085 
11,023 


1,944 
21,627 

5,377 
13,474 


8,118 

23 

23,421 

13,679 

181 

1,698 

4,687 

20,355 

6,258 

14,694 

7,872 

26,080 

9,610 

9,806 

255,123 

1,969 

31,491 

47,329 

16,559 

11,355 

11,233 

26,731 

9,387 

12,700 

11,186 

14,842 

4,730 

22,335 

16,366 

14,849 

30,188 

13,683 

14,342 

34 

18,461 

128,059 

4,471 

3,286 

6,606 

36,268 

.3,909 

9,597 

12,294 

139,796 

4,418 

187 

17,219 

14,485 

16,267 

25,049 

28,086 

24,893 

25,195 

11,633 

17,922 

5,393 

27,642 

8,678 

6,766 

24,215 

11,318 

21,452 

8,837 

9,386 

1,247 

1,239 

27,079 

17,099 

99 

124,611 

19,002 

6,633 

12,647 

14,451 

23,968 

1,627 

17,674 

15,019 

10,230 

10,761 

38,072 

36,821 

19,121 

45,194 

61,693 

23,948 

7,146 

13,183 

"l3,'556 

11,634 

1,200 

3,461 

19,360 

8,322 

16,621 


11.275 
0.018 
64.215 
32.23 
0.152 
0.48 
6.556 
28.709 
4.624 
42.224 
25.94 
64.333 
36.22 
27.46 
679.82 
1.193 
13.121 
53.484 
38.066 
59.76 
26.123 
29.67 
18.061 
33.91 
14.414 
44.3 
27.82 
45.68 
28.34 
61.61 
62.89 
31.58 
40.98 
0.021 
52.44 
512.236 
26.61 
8.215 
12.08 
106.66 
14.477 
16.83 
25.08 
862.93 
4.709 
0.2 
28.74 
23.28 
34.002 
44.73 
61.054 
62.76 
33.59 
9.9 
23.73 
6.24 
18.48 
32.14 
6.26 
41.464 
29.32 
20.237 
12.273 
10.788 
0.52 
1.63 
13.654 
18.998 
0.074 
193.79 
26.391 
7.991 
35.13 
20.07 
47.46 
1.668 
32.24 
41.6 
17.79 
7.466 
78.17 
60.66 
33.64 
13.73 
847.42 
30.362 
34.028 
21.54 

'24.87' 
1.613 
0.33 
2.73 

43. 

13.003 

32.462 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Roane,  Tenn 

Boane,  W.  Va. 

Roanoke,  Va 

Roberts,  S.D 

Roberts,  Tex 

Robertson,  Ky 

Robertson,  Tenn 

Bobertsou,  Tex 

Bobeson,  N.O 

Rock,  Minn 

Bock,  Neb 

Bock,  Wis 

Bockbridge,  Va 

Bock  Castle,  Ky 

Bockdale,  (Ja 

Bockingham,  N.H.... 

Bockingham,  N.C 

Bockingham,  Va 

Bock  Island,  111 

Bockland,  N.Y 

Bockwall,  Tex 

Bolette,  N.D 

Books,  Kan 

BoBcommon,  Mich.... 

Boss,  0 

Boutt,Col 

Bowan,  Ky 

Bowan,  N.C 

Bunnels,  Tex 

Bush,  Ind 

Bush,  Kan 

Busk,  Tex 

Bnssell,  Ala 

Bussell,  Kan 

Bussell,  Ky 

Bussell,  Va 

Butherford,  N.C 

Butherford,  Tenn 

Butland,  Vt 

Sabine,  La 

Sabine,  Tex 

Sac,  Iowa 

Sacramento,  Cal 

Sagadahoc,  Me 

Saginaw,  Mich 

Saguache,  Col 

Saint  Bernard,  La 

Saint  Charles,  La 

Saint  Charles,  Mo 

Saint  Clair,  Ala 

Saint  Clair,  111 

Saint  Clair,  Mich 

Saint  Clair,  Mo 

Saint  Croix,  Wis 

Sainte  Genevieve,Mo, 
Saint  Francis,  Ark.... 
Saint  Francois,  Mo..., 

Saint  Helena,  La 

Saint  James,  La 

St.  John  Baptist,  La.. 

Saint  John's,  Fla 

Saint  Joseph,  Ind 

Saint  Joseph,  Mich.., 

Saint  Landry,  La 

Saint  Lawrence,  N.Y 
Saint  Louis,  Minn.... 

Saint  Louis,  Mo 

Saint  Martin,  La 

Saint  Mary's,  La 

Saint  Mary's,  Md 

Saint  Tammany,  La. 

Salem,  N.J 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  III 

Saline,  Kan 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Neb. 

Salt  Lake,  Utah 

Sampson,  N.C 

San  Augustine,  Tex... 

San  Benito,  Cal 

San  Bernardino,  Cal, 

Sanborn,  S.D 

San  Diego,  Cal 

Sandusky,  0 

San  Francisco,  Cal... 

Sangamon,  111 

Sanilac,  Mich 

San  Jacinto,  Tex 

San  Joaquin,  Cal 

San  Juan,  Col 

San  Juan,  N.M 

San  Juan,  Utah 

San  Juan,  Wash , 

San  Luis  Obispo,  &1I 
San  Mateo,  Cal 


Location 
in  state. 


E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

N. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

N. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.  Cen. 

N. 

N.N.W. 

N.  Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

W. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

W. 

w. 

E 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.S.W. 

W.N.W. 

E.S.E. 

E. 

E.S.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.E.  Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

S.W, 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

E 

S.Cen. 

S. 

s. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

8.E. 

E 

W.S.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

N. 

W. 

Cen. 

E. 

E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

w. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 

Population. 

1880. 

1890. 

Per  sq.m. 
1890. 

460 

15,237 

17,418 

38.7 

470 

12,184 

15,303 

32.56 

321 

13,105 

30,101 

93.74 

1,100 
900 

1,997 
326 

1  815 

32 

0.362 

210 

5,814 

4,684 

22.3 

636 

18,861 

20,078 

37.44 

850 

22,383 

26,606 

31.183 

1,040 

23,880 

31,483 

30.27 

470 

3,669 

6,817 

14.6 

856 
720 

3,083 
43,220 

36 

38,823 

60.027 

760 

20,003 

23,062 

30.76 

280 

9,670 

9,841 

35.14 

126 

6,838 

6,813 

64.071 

709 

49,064 

49,660 

70.028 

608 

21,744 

25,363 

41.71 

883 

29,667 

31,299 

35.44 

440 

38,302 

41,917 

96.26 

200 

27,690 

35,162 

176.81 

150 

2,984 

5,972 

39.813 

936 

2,427 

2.69 

900 

8,112 

8,018 

8.9 

580 

1,459 

2,033 

3.6 

658 

40,307 

39,454 

59.96 

6,000 

140 

2,369 

0.394 

320 

4,420 

6,129 

19.15 

468 

19,965 

24,123 

62.648 

910 

980 

3,193 

3.508 

414 

19,238 

19,034 

46.975 

720 

6,490 

5,204 

7.22 

930 

18,986 

18,569 

19.95 

670 

24,837 

24,093 

35.81 

900 

7,351 

7,333 

8.14 

260 

7,591 

8,136 

31.29 

463 

13,906 

16,126 

35.69 

498 

16,198 

18,770 

37.69 

680 

36,741 

35,097 

60.51 

903 

41,829 

45,397 

50.273 

1,010 

7,344 

9,390 

9.297 

580 

4,161 

4,969 

8.667 

576 

8,774 

14,522 

25.21 

1,010 

34,390 

40,339 

39.92 

260 

19,272 

19,462 

74.81 

816 

59,096 

82,273 

100.824 

3,240 

1.973 

3,313 

1.022 

680 

4,405 

4,326 

6.36 

288 

7,161 

7,737 

26.86 

520 

23,066 

22,977 

44.186 

648 

14,462 

17,353 

26.77 

680 

61,806 

66,571 

97.7 

705 

46,197 

52,105 

73.9 

690 

14,126 

16,747 

24.27 

730 

18,956 

23,139 

31.69 

460 

10,890 

9,883 

21.74 

612 

8,389 

13,643 

22.127 

410 

13,822 

17,347 

42.309 

420 

7,504 

8,062 

19.195 

300 

14,714 

15,715 

52.383 

195 

9,686 

11,359 

68.261 

990 

4,535 

8,712 

8.8 

470 

33,178 

42,457 

90.33 

504 

26,026 

26,356 

50.309 

1,700 

40,004 

40,250 

23.676 

2,926 

86,997 

85,048 

29.06 

6,860 

4,504 

44,862 

7.66 

492 

31,888 

36,307 

73.8 

620 

12,663 

14,884 

24.006 

640 

19,891 

22,416 

35.025 

360 

16,934 

16,819 

43.94 

915 

6,887 

10,160 

11.1 

340 

24,579 

25,151 

73.97 

622 

8,963 

11,311 

18.184 

380 

15,940 

19,342 

50.9 

720 

13,808 

17,442 

24.22 

760 

29,911 

33,762 

44.42 

576 

14,491 

20,097 

34.8 

784 

31,977 

58,457 

74.56 

996 

22,894 

25,096 

25.1 

560 

6,084 

6,688 

11.94 

1,000 

6,584 

6,412 

6.412 

21,000 

7,786 

25,497 

1.214 

680 
14,648 

4,610 
34,987 

7.948 

8,618 

2.4 

418 

32,057 

30,617 

73.24 

50 

233,959 

298,99" 

6979.8 

860 

62,894 

61,195 

71.156 

960 

26,341 

32,589 

33.94 

640 

6,186 

7,360 

11.5 

1,380 

24,349 

28,629 

20.74 

600 

1,087 

1,572 

3.144 

6,008 
9,178 

1,890 

0.314 

204 

365 

0.03 

600 

948 

2,072 

3.45 

3,404 

9,142 

16,072 

4.72 

460 

8,669 

10,087 

21.9 

AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


San  Mig^nel,  Col 

San  Miguel,  N.M 

San  Patricio,  Tex 

Sanpete,  Utsih 

San  Saba,  Tex 

Santa  Barbara,  Cal.... 

Santa  Clara,  Cal 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal 

Santa  Fe,  N.M 

Santa  Bosa,  Fla. 

Saratoga,  N.Y 

Sargent,  N.D 

Sarpy,  Neb 

Sauk,  Wis 

Saunders,  Neb 

Sawyer,  Wis 

Schenectady,  N.Y 

Schleicher,  Tex 

Schley,  Ga 

Schnasse,  S.D 

Schoharie,  N.Y 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schuyler,  111 

Schuyler,  Mo 

Schuyler,  N.Y 

Schuylkill,  Pa 

Scioto,  O 

Scobey,S.D 

Scotland,  Mo 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  111 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Ky 

Scott,  Minn 

Scott,  Miss 

Scott,  Mo 

Scott,  Tenn 

Scott,  Va 

Scott's  Bluff,  Neb 

Screven,  Ga 

Scurry,  Tex 

Seary,  Ark 

Sebastian,  Ark 

Sedgwick,  Col 

Sedgwick,  Kan 

Seneca,  N.Y 

Seneca,  0 

Sequatchie,  Tenn 

Sevier,  Ark 

Sevier,  Tenn 

Sevier,  Utah 

Seward,  Kan 

Seward,  Neb 

Shackelford,  Tex 

Shannon,  Mo 

Shannon,  S.D 

Sharkey,  Miss 

Sharp,  Ark 

Shasta,  Cal 

Shawano,  Wis 

Shawnee,  Kan 

Sheboygan,  Wis 

Shelby,  Ala 

Shelby,  111 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Iowa 

Shelby,  Ky 

Shelby,  Mo 

Shelby,  O 

Shelby,  Tenn 

Shelby,  Tex 

Shenandoah,  Va 

Sherburne,  Minn 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  N.D 

Sheridan,  Wyo 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Ore 

Sherman,  Tex 

Shiawassee,  Mich 

Shoshone,  Idaho... 

Sibley,  Minn 

Sierra,  Cal 

Sierra,  N.M 

Silver  Bow,  Mont 

Simpson,  Ky 

Simpson,  Miss 

Sioux,  luwa 

Sioux,  Neb 

Siskiyou,  Cal 

Skagit,  Wash 

Skamania,  Wash. 


Location 
in  state. 


S.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

Cen. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

W. 

W. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E. 

S.E. 

E. 

S.Cen. 

E 

N.W.Cen 

E 

W.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen, 

E.Cen. 

S. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

W. 

W. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.  E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

w. 

E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

W. 

N.E. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

S.S.E. 

S.W. 

E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W. 

N.E. 

N. 

N.E.Cen, 

N.E.Cen 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen, 

N. 

N.E. 

W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

8.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 


Area 


sq.m. 


1,300 

13,246 

630 

1,784 

1,180 

2,380 

1,380 

425 

2,292 

1,296 

800 

864 

230 

8.37 

740 

1,368 

200 

1,500 

163 

1,580 

647 

1,216 

430 

336 

335 

816 

613 

1,045 

440 

930 

250 

190 

440 

720 

272 

355 

600 

434 

620 

628 

756 

786 

900 

768 

600 

650 

1,008 

346 

544 

252 

547 

560 

1,872 

648 

576 

900 

960 

1,080 

425 

670 

3,960 

1,152 

558 

615 

772 

776 

400 

576 

405 

514 

420 

728 

800 

495 

424 

900 

2,180 

900 

2,775 

1,080 

576 

610 

900 

628 

4,400 

588 

900 

3.116 

915 

320 

680 

768 

2,046 

5,680 

1,916 

1,636 


Population. 


1880.    1890.  ^\y^"- 


20,638 

1,010 

11,567 

5,324 

9,513 

36,039 

12,802 

10,867 

6,646 

65,156 


4,481 
28,729 
15,810 


23,538 
"5*302 


32,910 
1,575 
16,249 
10,470 
18,842 
129,974 
33,511 


12,508 
9,174 

10,741 
8,343 

41,266 
43 

14,965 

13,516 

10,845 
8,587 
6,021 

17,233 


12,786 

102 

7,278 

19,560 


18,753 

29,278 

36,947 

2,565 

6,192 

15,641 

4,467 

5 

11,147 

2,037 

3,441 

113 

6,306 

9,047 

9,492 

10,371 

29,093 

34,206 

17,236 

30,270 

25,257 

12,696 

16,813 

14,024 

24,137 

78,430 

9,523 

18,204 

3,855 

1,667 


13 

2,067 


27,059 

469 

10,637 

6,623 


10,641 

8,008 

6,426 

699 

8,610 


2,909 
24,204 

1,312 
13,146 

6,621 
16,754 
48,005 
19,270 
13,562 

7,961 
57,663 

5,076 

6,875 
30,575 
21,577 

1,977 

29,797 

155 

5,443 


29,164 

5,818 
16,013 
11,249 
16,711 
154,163 
35,377 
32 
12,674 
12,635 
10,304 

7,833 
43,164 

1,262 
16,546 
13,831 
11,740 
11,228 

9,794 
21,694 

1,888 
14,424 

1,415 

9,664 
33,200 

1,293 
43,626 
28,227 
40,869 

3,027 
10,072 
18,761 

6,199 

1,503 
16,140 

2,012 

8,718 


809 


8,382 

10,418 

12,133 

19,236 

49,172 

42,489 

20,886 

31,191 

25,454 

17,611 

16,521 

15,642 

24,707 

112,740 

14,365 

19,671 

5,908 

3,733 

8,687 

"i','972 

6,261 

6,399 

1,792 

71 

30,952 

5,382 

15,199 

5,051 

3,630 

23,744 

10,878 

10,138 

18,370 

2,452 

12,163 

8,747 

774 


2.23 

1.82 

2.08 

7.36 

6.61 

6.61 

34.78 

45.341 

5.91 

6.14 

72.078 

6.876 

29.89 

36.52 

29.15 

1.43 

148.985 

0.103 

33.39 


46.07 

4.78 
37.24 
33.47 
46.89 
188.92 
57.71 

0.03 
28.804 
1.3.58 
41.21 
41.22 
98.1 

1.75 
60.83 
38.96 
19.66 
25.87 
15.79 
41.08 

2.49 
18..36 

1.572 
12.58 
55.33 

1.989 
43.279 
81.58 
75.12 
12.011 
18.41 
33.501 

3.31 

2.304 
28.02 

2.235 


19.72 

18.27 

3.06 

16.7 

84.36 

82.502 

27.06 

40.19 

63.635 

30.67 

40.79 

30.43 

68.82 

154.8 

17.95 

39.73 

13.93 

4.147 

3.98 

'"o.*7i" 

4.87 

11.109 

3.61 

0.078 

68.62 

1.22 

26.84 

6.61 

1.16 

25.94 

33.99 

17.47 

23.91 

1.19 

2.14 

4.66 

0.47 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Smith,  Kan.. 

Smith,  Miss 

Smith,  Tenn 

Smith,  Tex 

Smyth,  Va 

Snohomish,  Wash.... 

Snyder,  Pa 

Socorro,  N.M 

Solano,  Cal 

Somerset,  Me. 

Somerset,  Md 

Somerset,  N.J 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerville,  Tex 

Sonoma,  Cal 

Southampton,  Va 

Spalding,  Ga 

Spartanburg,  S.C 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Ky 

Spink,  S.D 

Spokane,  Wash 

Spottsylvania,  Va.... 

Stafford,  Kan 

Stafford,  Va 

Stanislaus,  Cal 

Stanley,  S.D 

Stanly,  N.C 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stark,  111 

Stark,  N.D 

Stark,  0 

Starke,  Ind 

Starr,  Tex 

Stearns,  Minn 

Steele,  Minn 

Steele,  N.D 

Stephens,  Tex 

Stephenson,  111 

Sterling,  S.D 

Steuben,  Ind 

Steuben,  N.Y 

Stevens,  Kan 

Stevens,  Minn 

Stevens,  N.D 

Stevens,  Wash 

Stewart,  Ga 

Stewart,  Tenn 

Stoddard,  Mo 

Stokes,  N.C 

Stone,  Ark 

Stone,  Mo 

Stonewall,  Tex 

Storey,  Nev 

Story,  Iowa 

Strafford,  N.H 

Stutsman,  N.D 

Suffolk,  Mass 

Suffolk,  N.Y 

Sullivan,  Ind 

Sullivan,  Mo 

Sullivan,  N.H 

Sullivan,  N.Y , 

Sullivan,  Pa 

Sullivan,  Tenn 

Sully,  S.D 

Summers,  W.Va... 

Summit,  Col 

Summit,  0 

Summit,  Utah 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Tenn 

Sumter,  Ala 

Sumter,  Fla 

Sumter,  Ga 

Sumter,  S.C 

Sun  Flower,  Miss. 

Surry,  N.C 

Surry,  Va 

Susquehanna,  Pa.. 

Sussex,  Del 

Sussex,  N.J 

Sussex,  Va 

Sutter,  Cal 

Sutton,  Tex 

Suwannee,  Fla...., 

Swain,  N.C 

Sweetwater,  Wyo .. 

Swift,  Minn 

Swished,  Tex , 

Switzerland,  Ind., 

Talbot,  Ga 

Talbot,  Md 

Taliaferro,  Ga, 

Talladega,  Ala.... 


Location 
in  state. 


N. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

W. 

W.Cen. 

W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen, 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.B.Cen. 

E. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

8. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

s.s.w. 

S.W. 

W.S.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E. 

S.E. 

W.S.W. 

N. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.N.E. 

S.S.E. 

N. 

W. 

Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S. 

N. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W. 

S. 

W.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E.Cen. 

EJJ.E. 


Area 

in 

Bq.  m. 


900 
630 
368 
930 
450 

1,720 

325 

16,476 

960 

3,664 
365 
303 

1,106 
200 

1,648 
667 
189 
949 
390 
200 

l,5a5 

1,680 
400 
792 
245 

1,486 

1,156 
390 
672 
432 
290 

1,310 
660 
300 

2,570 

1,334 
430 
720 
900 
560 

1,185 
330 

1,490 
728 
576 

1,116 

6,194 
450 
600 
840 
610 
619 
616 
900 
270 
576 
376 

2,304 
45 
720 
440 
656 
647 
911 
446 
410 

1,060 
400 
690 
391 

3,062 

1,188 
636 
970 
600 
616 
870 
720 
490 
298 
850 
900 
525 
420 
590 

1,620 
640 
425 

10,230 
66;^ 
900 
230 
360 
285 
168 
784 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^Ys^'™* 


13,883 

8,088 
17,799 
21,863 
12,160 

1,387 
17,797 

7,876 
18,475 
32,333 
21,668 
27,162 
33,110 

2,649 
25,926 
18,012 
12,585 
40,409 
22,122 

7,040 
477 

4,262 
14,828 

4,755 

7,211 

8,751 

793 

10,605 

5 

1,813 
11,207 


64,031 

6,105 

8,304 

21,966 

12,460 


4,726 
31,963 

"lijeiB 

77,586 

12 

3,911 
247 

1,245 
13,998 
12,690 
13,431 
15,353 

6,089 

4,404 
104 
16,115 
16,906 
35,558 

1,007 
387,927 
53,888 
20,336 
16,569 
18,161 
32,491 

8,073 

18,321 

296 

9,033 

6,459 
43,788 

4,921 
20,812 
23,625 
28,728 

4,686 
18,239 
37,037 

4,661 
16,302 

7,391 
40,354 
36,018 
23,639 
10,062 

6,159 


7,161 

3,784 

2,661 

7,473 

4 

13,336 

14,116 

19,065 

7,034 

23,360 


16,613 
10,635 
18,404 
28,324 
13,360 

8,514 
17,651 

9,595 
20,946 
32,627 
24,155 
28,311 
37,317 

3,411 
32,721 
20,078 
13,117 
55,385 
22,060 

6,760 
10,581 
37,487 
14,233 

8,520 

7,302 
10,040 

1,028 
12,136 

1,031 

4,619 

9,982 

2,304 
84,170 

7,339 
10,749 
34,844 
13,232 

3,777 

4,926 
31,338 
96 
14,478 
81,473 

1,418 

5,261 
16 

4,341 
15,682 
12,193 
17,327 
17,199 

7,043 

7,090 

1,024 

8,806 
18,127 
38,442 

5,266 
484,780 
62,491 
21,877 
19,000 
17,304 
31,031 
11,620 
20,879 

2,412 
13,117 

1,906 
54,089 

7,733 
30,271 
23,668 
29,574 

6,363 
22,107 
43,605 

9,384 
19,281 

8,256 
40,093 
38,647 
22,259 
11,100 

6,469 

658 

10,624 

6,577 

4,941 
10,161 
100 
12,514 
13,258 
19,736 

7,291 
29,346 

48 


17.34 
16.88 
60.01 
30.45 
29.68 

4.96 
64.31 

0.62 
21.81 

8.904 
66.17 
93.43 
33.74 
17.055 
21.13 
36.41 
69.402 
58.36 
66.56 
33.8 

7.03 
22.31 
36.582 
10.75 
30.04 

6.75 

0.89 
31.11 

1.53 
10.69 
34.42 

1.76 
150.3 
24.46 

4.22 
26.11 
30.772 

5.24 

5.473 
66.96 

0.081 
43.87 
64.67 

1.946 

9.11 

0.014 

0.7 
34.84 
24.386 
20.62 
33.72 
11.37 
13.74 

1.137 
32.61 
31.47 
102.23 

2.28 
10772.88 
86.79 
49.72 
28.81 
31.63 
34.062 
26.06 
60.92 

2.3 
32.79 

2.76 
138.33 

2.62 
25.48 
44.15 
30.48 

8.938 
42.926 
60.12 
13.03 
39.35 
27.7 
47.16 
42.941 
42.39 
26.42 

9.27 

0.406 
16.44 
16.47 

0.482 
16.66 

0.11 
64.408 
36.82 
69.24 
43.39 
37.43 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE   UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Tallahatchie,  Miss.... 
Tallapoosa,  Ala... 

Tama,  Iowa 

Taney,  Mo 

Tangipahoa,  La... 

Taos,  N.M 

Tarrant,  Tex , 

Tate,  Miss 

Tattnal,  Ga 

Taylor,  Fla 

Taylor,  Ga 

Taylor,  Iowa , 

Taylor,  Ky , 

Taylor,  Tex 

Taylor,  W.  Va 

Taylor,  Wis 

Tazewell,  111 , 

Tazewell,  Va , 

Tehama,  Cal , 

Telfair,  Ga , 

Tensas,  La 

Terre  Bonne,  La... 

Terrell,  Ga 

Terry,  Tex 

Texas,  Mo 

Thayer,  Neb 

Thomas,  Qa 

Thomas,  Kan 

Thomas,  Neb 

Throckmorton,  Tex... 

Thurston,  Neb 

Thurston,  Wash 

Tillamook,  Ore 

Tioga,  N.Y 

Tioga,  Pa 

Tippah,  Miss 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tipton,  Ind 

Tipton,  Tenn 

Tishomingo,  Miss 

Titus,  Tex 

Todd,  Ky 

Todd,  Minn 

Toild.SD 

Tolland,  Conn 

Tom  Green,  Tex 

Tompkins,  N.Y 

Tooele,  Utah 

Towner,  N.D 

Towns,  Ga 

Traill,  N.D 

Transylvania,  N.C.... 

Traverse,  Minn 

Travis,  Tex 

Trego,  Kan 

Trempealeau,  Wis 

Trigg,  Ky 

Trimble,  Ky 

Trinity,  Cal 

Trinity,  Tex 

Tripp,  S.D 

Troup,  Ga 

Trousdale,  Tenn 

Trumbull,  0 

Tucker,  W.  Va 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tunica,  Miss 

Tuolumne,  Cal 

Turner,  S.D 

Tuscaloosa,  Ala 

Tuscarawas,  O 

Tuscola,  Mich 

Twiggs,  €la 

Tvler,  Tex 

Tyler,  W.  Va. 

Tyrrell,  N.C 

Uintah,  Utah 

Uintah,  Wyo 

Ulster,  N.Y 

Umatilla,  Ore 

Unicoi,  Tenn 

Union,  Ark 

Union,  Ga 

Union,  111 

Union,  Ind 

Union,  Iowa 

Union,  Ky 

Union,  La. 

Union,  Miss 

Union,  N.J 

Union,  N.C 

Union,  0 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  S.C 

Union,  S.D 

44 


Location 
in  state. 


N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

E.Ceu. 

S.S.W. 

B.S.E. 

N. 

N.E.Cen 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.B. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

S.E.Cen 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S. 

N. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

8.S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.8.E. 

N.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.N.E. 

N. 

K. 

S.W. 

W. 

E.S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

W.S.W. 

S.W. 

N. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

w. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

Cen. 

E 

N.N.W. 

E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

8.E. 

N.E. 

N.B. 

S. 

N. 

S. 

E.S.B. 

S.S.W. 

w. 

N. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

s.s.w. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 
E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 
S.E. 


Area 

in 

sq.  m. 

Population.                1 

1880. 

1890. 

Per  sq.m. 
1890. 

635 

10,926 

14,361 

22.6 

795 

23,401 

25,460 

32.02 

720 

21,585 

21,651 

30.07 

660 

5,599 

7,973 

12.08 

780 

9,638 

12,655 

16.22 

2,300 

11,029 

9,868 

4.29 

900 

24,671 

41,142 

45.71 

390 

18,721 

19,253 

49.36 

1,123 

6,988 

10,253 

9.13 

1,079 

2,279 

2,122 

1.039 

356 

8,597 

8,666 

24.34 

540 

15,636 

16,384 

30.36 

270 

9,259 

9,353 

34.64 

900 

1,736 

6,946 

7.717 

177 

11,455 

12,147 

68.62 

990 

2,311 

6,731 

6.79 

660 

29,666 

29,556 

46.47 

536 

12,861 

19,899 

37.12 

2,988 

9,301 

9,916 

3.31 

491 

4,828 

6,477 

11.15 

610 

17,816 

16,648 

27.29 

1,800 

17,957 

20,167 

11.2 

320 

10,451 

14,503 

45.32 

900 
1,145 

21 
19,406 

0.023 
16.94 

12,206 

576 

6,113 

12,738 

22.11 

784 

20,597 

26,164 

33.36 

1,080 

161 

5,538 

6.127 

720 
900 

517 
902 

0.718 
1.002 

711 

398 

109 

3,176 

7.97 

768 

3,270 

9,675 

12.59 

1,525 

970 

2,932 

1.92 

498 

32,673 

29,9.35 

60.11 

1,120 

45,814 

62,313 

46.708 

490 

12,867 

12,961 

26.43 

500 

35,966 

35,078 

70.156 

260 

14,407 

18,157 

69.83 

404 

21,033 

24,271 

60.076 

435 

8,774 

9,302 

21.38 

400 

5,959 

8,190 

20.476 

360 

15,994 

16,814 

46.705 

972 

6,1.33 

12,930 

13.302 

45 

203 

188 

4.17 

403 

24,112 

25,081 

62.23 

2,940 

3,615 

5,152 

1.762 

494 

34,445 

32,923 

66.64 

6,240 

4,497 

3,700 

0.59 

1,044 
180 

1,450 
4,064 

1.37 

3,261 

22.67 

864 

4,123 

10,217 

11.82 

335 

5,340 

5,881 

17.66 

552 

1,507 

4,516 

8.18 

1,040 

27,028 

37,019 

36.596 

900 

2,535 

2,535 

2.816 

732 

17,189 

18,920 

25.84 

425 

14,489 

13,902 

32.71 

155 

7,171 

7,140 

46.06 

3,000 

4,999 

3,719 

1.239 

710 

4,915 

7,648 

10.77 

1,800 
493 

20,665 

20,723 

42.03 

166 

6,646 

5,860 

35.24 

625 

44,880 

42,373 

67.79 

500 

3,151 

6,469 

12.918 

5,592 

11,281 

24,574 

4.39 

450 

8,461 

12,158 

27.01 

2,048 

7,848 

6,082 

2.96 

615 

5,320 

10,256 

16.67 

1,346 

24,957 

30,352 

22.54 

539 

40,198 

46,618 

86.48 

830 

25,738 

32,508 

39.16 

376 

8,918 

8,195 

21.76 

930 

5,825 

10,877 

11.69 

330 

11,073 

11,962 

36.24 

380 

4,545 

4,225 

11.118 

5,834 

799 

2,762 

0.47 

14,830 

2,879 

7,881 

0.53 

1,157 

85,838 

87,062 

75.25 

2,885 

9,607 

13,381 

4.63 

196 

3,64.5 

4,619 

23.5 

1,138 

13,419 

14,977 

13.24 

325 

6,431 

7,749 

23.84 

400 

18,102 

21,549 

53.87 

170 

7,673 

7,006 

41.21 

432 

14,980 

16,900 

39.12 

380 

17,809 

18,229 

47.97 

905 

1.3,526 

17,304 

19.12 

424 

13,030 

15,606 

36.806 

102 

55,571 

72,467 

710.46 

640 

18,056 

21,251 

33.204 

427 

22,375 

22,860 

53.53 

3,035 

6,650 

12,044 

3.96 

315 

16,905 

17,820 

56.57 

660 

24,080 

25,363 

38.42 

430 

6,813 

9,130 

21.232 

Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Union,  Tenn 

Upshur,  Tex 

Upshur,  W.Va 

Upson,  Ga 

Upton,  Tex 

Utah,  Utah 

UTalde,  Tex 

Valencia,  N.M 

Valley,  Neb 

Val  Verde,  Tex 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Mich 

Van  Buren,  Tenn 

Vance,  N.C 

Vanderburg,  Ind 

Van  Wert,  O 

Van  Zandt,  Tex 

Venango,  Pa 

Ventura,  Cal 

Vermilion,  111 , 

Vermilion,  Ind 

Vermilion,  La , 

Vernon,  La 

Vernon,  Mo 

Vernon,  Wis 

Victoria,  Tex 

Vigo,  Ind 

Vinton,  O 

Volusia,  Fla 

Wabash,  111 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabasha,  Minn 

Wabaunsee,  Kan.... 

Wadena,  Minn 

Wagner,  S.D 

Wahkiakum,  Wash 

Wake,  N.C 

Wakulla,  Fla 

Waldo,  Me 

Walker,  Ala. 

Walker,  Ga 

Walker,  Tex 

Wallace,  N.D 

Wallace,  Kan 

Walla  Walla,  Wash 

Waller,  Tex 

Wallowa,  Ore 

Walsh,  N.D 

Walton,  Fla 

Walton,  Ga 

Walworth,  S.D 

Walworth,  Wis 

Wapello,  Iowa. 

Ward,  N.D 

Ward,  Tex 

Ware,  Ga 

Warren,  Ga 

Warren,  111 

Warren,  Ind 

Warren,  Iowa 

Warren,  Ky 

Warren,  Miss 

Warren,  Mo 

Warren,  N.J 

Warren,  N.Y 

Warren,  N.C 

Warren,  0 

Warren,  Pa 

Warren,  Tenn 

Warren,  Va 

Warrick,  Ind 

Warwick,  Va 

Wasatch,  Utah 

Waseca,  Minn 

Wasco,  Ore 

Washabaugh,  8.D.... 

Washburn,  Wis , 

Washington,  Ala 

Washington,  Ark.... 

Washington,  Col , 

Washington,  Fla , 

Washington,  Ga , 

Washington,  Idaho. 

Washington,  111 

Washington,  Ind 

Washington,  Iowa.., 
Washington,  Kan.... 

Washington,  Ky 

Washington,  La 

Washington,  Me 

Washington,  Md 

Washington,  Minn.., 
Washington,  Miss..., 

Washington,  Mo 

W^ashington,  Neb..., 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.  Cen 

N.E. 

Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

w. 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E.  Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

E. 

W. 

S. 

w. 

W.S.W. 
S.W. 

S.E. 
W.S.W. 

S.E. 

E.NK. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

8.E. 

E.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

W.S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

S.W. 

8.E. 

N.E.Cen 

S.S.E. 

N. 

S.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.N.E. 

Cen. 

E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

W.N.W. 

E.S.E. 

E. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 


220 

620 

350 

321 

1,140 

1,986 

1,420 

8,900 

576 

2,880 

998 

480 

630 

322 

342 

230 

405 

840 

655 

1,682 

926 

270 

1,230 

1,640 

850 

800 

850 

410 

402 

1,288 

220 

430 

640 

804 

540 

720 

244 

940 

640 

705 

824 

404 

740 

1,323 

900 

1,296 

500 

2,890 

1,684 

1,360 

389 

740 

570 

432 

1,612 

1,160 

893 

264 

640 

360 

676 

530 

590 

435 

360 

940 

454 

428 

855 

446 

234 

390 

165 

3,444 

430 

3,315 

1,260 

864 

1,050 

927 

1,080 

1,340 

688 

2,700 

640 

500 

576 

900 

300 

660 

2,452 

435 

400 

880 

780 

381 


Population. 


1880. 


10,260 
10,266 
10,249 
12,400 


17,973 
2,541 

13,095 
2,324 


9,565 
17,043 
30,807 

2,933 


42,193 

23,028 

12,619 

43,670 

6,073 

41,688 

12,025 

8,728 

5,160 

19,369 

23,232 

6,289 

45,658 

17,223 

3,294 

9,945 

25,241 

18,206 

8,756 

2,080 


1,598 
47,939 

2,723 
32,463 

9,479 
11,056 
12,024 


8,716 
9,024 


iSQn      Per  sq.m. 
^^^^-         1890. 


4,201 

15,622 

46 

26,249 

25,285 


4,169 
10,885 
22,9.33 
11,497 
19,578 
27,531 
31,238 
10,806 
36,589 
25,179 
22,619 
28,392 
27,981 
14,079 

7,399 
20,162 

2,258 

2,927 
12,385 
11,120 


4,538 
23,844 


4,089 
21,964 
879 
21,112 
18,955 
20,374 
14,910 
14,419 

5,190 
44,484 
38,561 
19,563 
26,367 
12,896 

8,631 


11,459 
12,695 
12,714 
12,188 
52 
23,416 

3,804 
13,876 

7,092 

2,874 

8,567 
16,253 
30,541 

2,863 
17,581 
59,809 
29,671 
16,225 
46,640 
10,071 
49,905 
13,154 
14,234 

5,903 
31,605 
25,111 

8,737 
50,195 
16,045 

8,467 
11,866 
27,126 
16,972 
11,720 

4,053 


2,526 
49,207 

3,117 
27,759 
16,078 
13,282 
12,874 
24 

2,468 
12,224 
10,888 

3,661 
16,587 

4,816 
17,467 

2,163 
27,860 
30,426 

1,681 
77 

8,811 
10,957 
21,281 
10,955 
18,269 
30,168 
33,164 

9,913 
36,553 
27,866 
19,360 
25,468 
37,585 
14,413 

8,280 
21,161 

6,650 

3,595 
13,313 

9,183 


2,926 

7,935 

32,024 

2,3(J1 

6,426 

26,237 

3,836 

19,262 

18,619 

18,468 

22,894 

13,622 

6,700 

44,482 

39,782 

25,992 

40,414 

13,163 

11,869 


62.08 
24.413 
36.32 
37.93 

0.045 
11.79 

2.74 

1.559 
12.31 

0.99 

8.604 
33.8 
48.47 

8.89 
51.4 
260.03 
73.26 
19.31 
71.206 

6.9 
53.89 
48.71 
11.57 

3.83 
37.06 
31.39 
10.27 
122.42 
39.91 

6.67 
53.93 
63.08 
31.42 
14.57 

7.605 

'io.35" 

62.34 

6.77 

39.37 

19.51 

32.87 

17.39 

0.018 

2.74 

9.43 

21.77 

1.26 

10.47 

3.54 

44.902 

2.909 

48.87 

70.43 

1.111 

0.066 

9.86 

41.503 

39.409 

30.43 

31.71 

66.901 

56.21 

22.79 

101.53 

29.64 

42.64 

69.504 

43.95 

32.31 

36.38 

54.25 

40.303 

1.04 

30.96 

2.77 


3.38 

7.56 

34.54 

2.13 

4.79 

36.68 

1.42 

35.67 

37.238 

32.06 

26.43 

45.406 

10.16 

18.14 

91.22 

64.98 

45.9 

16.86 

31.15 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Location 
in  state. 


Washington,  N.T 

Washington,  N.C 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  Ore 

Washington,  Pa 

Washington,  R.I 

Washington,  S.D 

Washington,  Tenn.... 

Washington,  Tex 

Washington,  Utah.... 

Washington,  Vt 

Washington,  Va 

Washington,  Wis 

Washoe,  Nev 

Washtenaw,  Mich 

Watauga,  N.C 

Watonwan,  Minn 

Waukesha,  Wis 

Waupaca,  Wis 

Waushara,  Wis 

Wayne,  Ga 

Wayne,  111 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Iowa. 

Wayne,  Ky 

Wayne,  Mich 

Wayne,  Miss 

Wayne,  Mo 

Wayne,  Neb 

Wayne,  N.Y 

Wayne,  N.C 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Tenn 

Wayne,  W.Va 

Weakley,  Tenn 

Webb,  Tex 

Weber,  Utah 

Webster,  Ga 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Ky 

Webster,  La 

Webster,  Miss 

Webster,  Mo 

Webster,  Neb 

Webster,  W.  Va 

Weld,  Col 

Wells,  Ind 

Wells,  N.D 

West  Baton  Bouge, La 

West  Carroll,  La 

Westchester,  N.Y 

West  Feliciana,  La... 

Westmoreland,  Pa 

Westmoreland,  Va.... 

Weston,  Wyo 

Wetzel,  W.  Va 

Wexford,  Mich 

Wharton,  Tex 

Whatcom,  Wash 

Wheeler,  Neb 

\Vheeler,  Tex 

White,  Ark 

White,  Ga 

White,  111 

White,  Ind 

White,  Tenn 

White  Pine,  Nev 

Whiteside,  111 

Whitfield,  Ga 

Whitley,  Ind 

Whitley,  Ky 

Whitman,  Wash 

Wichita,  Kan 

Wichita,  Tex 

Wicomico,  Md 

Wilbarger,  Tex 

Wilcox,  Ala 

Wilcox,  Ga 

Wilkes,  Ga 


E. 

N.B. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

s.w. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W. 

S.B. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.E. 

S.G.Cen. 

E. 

S. 

S.S.B. 

S.E, 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.B. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.S.W. 

w. 

N.W. 
S.W. 

N. 

w.s.w. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

S.S.B. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.B.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

8.E. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.S.B. 

S.E. 

W. 

N. 

S.E. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.B. 


sq.  m. 


861 
360 
635 
645 
890 
340 

1,510 
344 
600 

2,446 
703 
622 
430 

6,620 
720 
392 
430 
576 
756 
645 
721 
720 
380 
625 
590 
665 
775 
800 
444 
621 
615 
540 
738 
720 
445 
620 

1,680 
650 
225 
720 
340 
609 
430 
630 
576 
415 

4,075 
357 

1,296 
210 
380 
463 
365 

1,035 
170 

4,830 
550 
580 

1,100 

2,468 
576 
900 

1,137 
170 
500 
500 
390 

9,892 
700 
286 
330 
580 

2,124 
720 
600 
369 
940 
940 
663 
464 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^Y8^*™' 


47,871 
8,928 

43,244 
7,082 

55,418 

22,495 


16,181 
27,567 

4,235 
25,404 
25,203 
23,442 

5,664 
41,848 

8,160 

5,104 
28,957 
20,955 
12,687 

5,980 
21,291 
38,613 
»6,127 
12,512 
166,444 

8,741 

9,096 
813 
51,700 
24,951 
40,076 
33,513 
11,301 
14,739 
24,538 

5,273 
12,.344 

5,237 
15,9.')1 
14,246 
10,005 


12,175 
7,104 
3,207 
5,646 

18,442 


7,667 

2,776 

108,988 

12,809 

78,036 

8,846 


13,896 

6,815 

4,549 

3,137 

644 

512 

17,794 

5,341 

23,087 

13,795 

11,176 

2,682 

30,885 

11,900 

16,941 

12,000 

7,014 

14 

433 

18,016 

126 

31,828 

3,109 

16,986 


46,690 
10,200 
42,380 
11,972 
71,155 
23,649 
40 
20,354 
29,161 

4,009 
29,606 
29,020 
22,751 

6,437 
42,210 
10,611 

7,746 
33,270 
26,794 
13,507 

7,485 
23,806 
37,628 
15,670 
12,852 
257,114 

9,817 
11,927 

6,169 
49,729 
26,100 
39,006 
31,010 
11,471 
18,652 
28,955 
14,842 
22,723 

5,695 
21,582 
17,196 
12,466 
12,060 
15,177 
11,210 

4,783 
11,736 
21,514 

1,212 

8,363 

3,748 

146,772 

15,062 

112,819 

8,399 

2,422 
16,841 
11,278 

7,584 
18,591 

1,683 

778 

22,946 

6,151 
25,005 
15,671 
12,348 

1,721 
30,854 
12,916 
17,768 
17,690 
19,109 

1,827 

4,831 
19,930 

7,092 
30,816 

7,980 
18,081 


63.06 

28.33 

66.74 

18.56 

79.94 

69.55 

0.02 

59.16 

48.601 

1.63 

42.11 

46.65 

52.909 

1.14 

58.63 

27.06 

18.01 

67.76 

35.44 

20.94 

10.38 

33.06 

99.02 

29.85 

21.78 

465.06 

12.66 

14.908 

13.89 

80.07 

42.43 

72.23 

42.01 

15.93 

41.01 

46.7 

8.83 

34.96 

26.31 

29.97 

60.57 

20.46 

28.04 

24.07 

19.46 

11.52 

2.88 

60.26 

0.93 

39.82 

9.86 

317.002 

41.26 

109.003 

49.405 

0.6 

30.62 

19.44 

6.89 

7.5 

2.92 

0.856 

20.18 

36.18 

60.01 

31.342 

31.66 

0.17 

44.07 

45.31 

53.84 

30.32 

8.99 

2.63 

8.06 

64.01 

7.64 

32.78 

14.17 

38.96 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Wilkes,  N.C 

Wilkin,  Minn 

Wilkinson,  Ga. 

Wilkinson,  Miss 

Will,  111 

Williams,  N.D 

Williams,  0 

Williamsburg,  S.C... 

Williamson,  111 

Williamson,  Tenn.... 

Williamson,  Tex 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  N.C 

Wilson,  Tenn 

Wilson,  Tex 

Windham,  Conn 

Windham,  Vt 

Windsor,  Vt 

Winkler,  Tex 

Winn,  La 

Winnebago,  111 

Winnebago,  Iowa.... 

Winnebago,  Wis 

Winneshiek,  Iowa... 

Winona,  Minn 

Winston,  Ala 

Winston,  Miss 

Wirt,  W.Va 

Wise,  Tex , 

Wise,  Va 

Wolfe,  Ky 

Wood,  0 

Wood,  Tex , 

Wood,  W.  Va 

Wood,  Wis , 

Woodbury,  Iowa , 

Woodford,  111 

Woodford,  Ky , 

Woodruff,  Ark , 

Woodson,  Kan 

Worcester,  Md , 

Worcester,  Mass 

Worth,  Ga , 

Worth,  Iowa 

Worth,  Mo 

Wright,  Iowa 

Wright,  Minn 

Wright,  Mo , 

Wyandot,  0 

Wyandotte,  Kan 

Wyoming,  N.Y 

Wyoming,  Pa 

Wyoming,  W.  Va 

Wythe,  Va 

Yadkin,  N.C 

Yakima,  Wash , 

Yalabusha,  Miss 

Yam  Hill,  Ore 

Yancey,  N.C 

Yankton,  S.D 

Yates,  N.Y 

Yavapai,  Ariz 

Yazoo,  Miss 

Yell,  Ark 

Yellow  Med.,  Minn... 
Yellowstone,  Mont.... 

Yoakum,  Tex 

Yolo,  Cal 

York,  Me 

York,  Neb 

York,  Pa 

York,  S.C 

York,  Va 

Young,  Tex 

Yuba,  Cal 

Yuma,  Ariz 

Yuma,  Col 

Zapata,  Tex 

Zavala,  Tex 

Ziebach,  S.D 


.Location 
in  state. 


N.W. 
W. 

B.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.E. 

B.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N. 

N. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

E.N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

Cen. 

S.W, 

N. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

N. 

S.B. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

S.W.Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.m. 


725 
417 
692 
860 

1,260 
415 
948 
440 
650 

1,070 
576 
365 
636 
940 
620 
766 
900 
800 
960 
562 
408 
460 
696 
630 
630 
640 
290 
900 
386 
190 
623 
700 
375 
828 
800 
640 
247 
677 
604 
475 

1,551 
750 
408 
270 
676 
684 
700 
404 
160 
606 
396 
660 
496 
320 

6,760 
472 
640 
298 
615 
342 
29,236 

1,020 
963 
612 

3,105 
840 
972 
920 
576 
910 
750 
76 
900 
714 
10,136 

1,180 

1,370 

1,200 

1,040 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^^I'g^""* 


19,181 
1,906 
12,061 
17,816 
53,422 
14 
23,821 
24,110 
19,324 
28,313 
15,155 
13,775 
16,064 
28,747 
7,188 
43,856 
26,763 
35,196 


5,846 

30.505 

4;  91 7 

42,740 

23,938 

27,197 

4,253 

10,087 

7,104 

16,601 

7,772 

6,638 

34,022 

11,212 

25,006 

8,981 

14,996 

21,620 

11,800 

8,646 

6,535 

19,539 

226,897 

5,892 

7,953 

8,203 

5,062 

18,140 

9,712 

22,395 

19,143 

30,907 

15,598 

4,322 

14,318 

12,420 

2,811 

16,649 

7,945 

7,694 

8,390 

21,087 

5,013 

33,845 

13,852 

5,884 


11,772 

62,257 

11,170 

87,841 

30,713 

7,349 

4,726 

11,284 

3,216 


3,636 
410 


22,675 

4,346 

10,781 

17,692 

62,007 

109 

24,897 

27,777 

22,226 

26,321 

25,909 

15,286 

18,644 

27,148 

10,665" 

45,158 

26,547 

31,706 

18 

7,082 

39,938 

7,326 

50,097 

22,628 

33,797 

6,652 

12,089 

9,411 

24,134 

9,345 

7,180 

44,392 

13,932 

28,612 

18,127 

55,632 

21,429 

12,380 

14,009 

9,021 

19,747 

280,787 

10,048 

9,247 

8,738 

12,057 

24,164 

14,484 

21,722 

64,407 

31,193 

15,891 

6,247 

18,019 

13,790 

4,429 

16,629 

10,692 

9,490 

10,444 

21,001 

8,686 

36,394 

18,015 

9,854 

2,065 

4 

12,684 

62,829 

17,279 

99,489 

38,831 

7,596 

5,049 

9,636 

2,671 

2,596 

3,662 

1,097 

610 


33.34 

5.994 

25.8 

29.71 

72.94 
0.086 

69.99 

29.3 

60.51 

47.86 

24.2 

26.63 

52.51 

50.64 

11.33 

86.84 

34.7 

35.22 
0.0225 
7.377 

72.35 

17.95 
108.9 

32.36 

53.64 

10.4 

18.88 

32.45 

26.81 

24.27 

37.78 

71.25 

19.9 

76.29 

21.89 

69.54 

39.68 

50.12 

24.29 

17.89 

41.57 
181.03 

13.39 

22.66 

32.35 

20.93 

35.32 

20.69 

63.76 
340.04 

51.47 

40.12 
9.46 

36.32 

43.09 
0.76 

36.2 

16.7 

31.86 

20.28 

61.4 
0.29 

35.68 

18.7 

16.1 
0.66 
0.004 

13.04 

68.29 

29.99 
109.32 

61.77 

101.29 

5.61 

13.36 
0.25 
2.2 
2.6 
0.9U 
0.49 


46 


Y. 
POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  VILLAGES,  ETC., 

OF  THE 

UIsriTED   STATES. 


A  COMPARATIVE  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS,  AND  THEIR 
GROWTH  OR  DECLINE,  ACCORDING  TO  THE  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890. 

[Abbeeviationb  of  the  Bank  of  Places  and  Locai.itie8.->-boeo',  borough;  post-boro',  post-horough ;  vibt,  district ;  mao.-dist, 
magiiierial  district;  hil.-dist,  militia  district ;  hmlt,  AamW ;  post-bmvt,  pott-hamlet ;  vkkct,  precinct ;  JVB.-fnECT,  justice  precinct ;  post- 
f&sci,  post^eeinct;  Twt>,toum;  vosi-Tiviii, post-town;  ry/e,  townsh^ ;  roe^-rw,  postrloumship ;  vill,  rfliajjre;  post-vill,  j>o»<-»<IIa^e.] 

CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Aaron  Run,  Ky 

Aastad,  Minn 

Abbeville,  Ala 

Abbeville,  Ala 

Abbeville,  Qa 

Abbeville,  La 

Abbeville,  S.C 

Abbeville,  S.C 

Abbot,  -Me 

Abbott,  Col 

Abbott,  Ky 

Abbott,  Ky 

Abbott,  Pa 

Abbott,  Tenn 

Abbott  Creek,  N.O 

Abbottaburg,  N.C 

Abbott's  Creek,  N.C 

Abby,  Neb 

Abercrombie,  N.D 

Aberdeen,  Md 

Aberdeen,  Miss 

Aberdeen,  N.C 

Aberdeen,  0 

Aberdeen,  S.D 

Aberdeen,  S.D 

Aberdeen,  Wash 

Abernathy,  Ala 

Abernathy,  Tenn 

Abe's  Spring,  Fla 

Abilene,  Kan 

Abilene,  Tex 

Abingdon,  111 

Abingdon,  Md 

Abingdon,  Va 

Abingdon,  Va 

Abingdon,  Va 

Abington,  111 

Abington,  Ind 

Abington,  Mass 

Abington,  Pa 

Abiqua,  Ore 

Abiquiu,  N.M 

Ableman,  Wis 

Aboite,  Ind 

Absecon,  N.J 

Academy,  W.  Va 

Accident,  Md , 

Acbilles,  Kan 

Ackley,  Iowa 

Ackley,  Wis , 

Acoma,  Minn , 

Acoma  fProper),  N.M.. 
Acoma  (Pueblo),  N.M.. 

Acorn  Tree,  Ga 

Acqnackanonck,  N.J... 

Acquinton,  Va 

Acron,  Fla 

Acton,  Me 

Acton,  Mass , 

Acton,  Minn 

Acton,  N.D 

Acushnet,  Mass 

Acworth,  Ga , 

Acworth,  Ga 

Acworth,  N.H 

Ada,.Mich 

Ada,  Minn 

Ada,  O 

Adair,  II] 

Adair,  Iowa 

Adair,  Mo 

Adairsville,  Ga 

Adairsville,  Ga 

Adairville,  Ky 

Adams,  111 

Adiini8,  Ind 

46 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

city 

post-town 

city 

post-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

village 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

townsliip 


County. 


Montgomery ... 

Otter  Tail 

Henry , 

Henry 

Wilcox , 

Vermilion , 

Abbeville , 

Abbeville 

Piscataqais 

Arapahoe 

Floyd 

Trimble 

Potter. 

Gibson 

Forsyth , 

Bladen 

Davidson 

Hooker. , 

Bichland 

Harford 

Monroe 

Moore 

Brown 

Brown 

Brown - 

Chehalls 

Cleburne 

Weakley 

Calhoun 

Dickinson 

Taylor 

Knox 

Harford 

Gloucester 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Plymouth 

Montgomery .. 

Marion 

Bio  Arriba 

Sauk 

Allen 

Atlantic 

Pocahontas 

Garrett 

Bawlins 

Hardin 

Langlade 

McLeod 

Valencia 

Valencia 

Paulding 

Passaic 

King  William. 

Lake 

York 

Middlesex 

Meeker 

Walsh 

Bristol 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Sullivan 

Kent 

Norman 

Hardin 

McDonougli ... 

Adair 

Camden 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Logan  

La  Salle 

Allen 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


2,081 

227 

2,268 


61 

255 

3,427 

1,543 

695 


609 
741 
623 
601 
747 
948 
1,069 


191 
2,339 


885 


1,126 
993 
607 

2,360 


1,511 

2,888 

5,126 

4,721 

1,064 

909 

837 

3,697 

2,185 

883 


163 

918 

507 

1,596 

1,369 


1,517 


588 


995 
1,781 
3,142 


1,050 

1,797 

726 


1,105 

1,821 

633 

982 

1,441 

138 

1,760 

138 

306 

900 

1,559 

391 

3,326 

1,612 

2,558 


2,097 

486 

1,826 

465 

667 

637 

4,028 

1,696 

622 

360 

766 

665 

823 

858 

784 

875 

1,112 

33 

787 

448 

3,449 

227 

874 

3,643 

3,182 

1,638 

1,364 

1,130 

212 

3,547 

3,194 

1,321 

2,786 

5,510 

5,506 

1,674 

832 

759 

4,260 

2,703 

1,101 

617 

332 

970 

601 

1,972 

1,432 

217 

1,286 

374 

716 

91 

475 

879 

2,662 

2,672 

125 

878 

1,897 

657 

540 

1,027 

2,159 

815 

717 

1,296 

622 

2,079 

169 

722 

1,680 

2,186 

531 

3,371 

1,328 

3,272 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind. 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Iowa„ 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Kan 

Adams,  Mass 

Adams,  Mich 

Adams,  Mich 

Adams,  Mich 

Adams,  Minn 

Adams,  Minn 

Adams,  Mo 

Adams,  Mo 

Adams,  Neb 

Adams,  Neb 

Adams,  N.Y 

Adams,  N.Y 

Adams,  N.D 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  O 

Adams,  O 

Adams,  0 ~ 

Adams,  O 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  O 

Adams,  Ore 

Adams,  Pa 

Adams,  Pa 

Adams,  Pa „... 

Adams,  S.D 

Adams,  S.D 

Adams,  Wis 

Adams,  Wis 

Adamsburg,  Pa. 

Adamson,  Ga 

Adams  Run,  S.C 

Adams  Station,  Tenn... 

Adamstown,  Pa 

Adamsville,  Ga 

Adamsville,  0 

Adamsville,  S.C 

Adamsville,  Tenn 

Adamsville,  Utah 

Addieville,  111 

Addison,  111 

Addison,  111 

Addison,  Ind 

Addison,  Me 

Addison,  Mich 

Addison,  Mich 

Addison,  N.Y 

Addison,  N.Y 

Addison,  N.D 

Addison,  O 

Addison,  Pa 

Addison,  Vt 

Addison,  Wis 

Adel,  Ga 

Adel,  Iowa 

Adel,  Iowa 

Adeline,  111 

Adell,  Kan 

Adelphi,  O 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 


County. 


Carroll 

Cass 

Decatur 

Hamilton 

Madison 

Morgan 

Parke 

Bipley 

Dallas 

Delaware 

Keokuk 

Mahaska 

Wapello 

Nemaha 

Berkshire 

Arenac 

Hillsdale 

Huughton 

Mower 

Mower 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Colfax 

Gage 

JefTerson 

Jefferson 

Walsh 

Champaign 

Clinton 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Guernsey 

Lucas 

Monroe 

Muskingum 

Seneca 

Washington.... 

Umatilla 

Butler 

Cambria. 

Snyder , 

Grant 

Miner , 

Adams 

Green , 

Westmoreland 

Clayton 

Colleton 

Robertson 

Lancaster 

Fulton 

Muskingum..... 
Marlborough.., 

McNairy 

Beaver 

Washington..., 

Du  Page 

Du  Page , 

Shelby 

Washington..., 

Lenawee 

Oakland , 

Steuben , 

Steuben , 

Cass , 

Gallia 

Somerset 

Addison 

Washington.... 

Berrien 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Ogle 

Sheridan 

1  Ross 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,000 

886 

2,215 

2,968 

1,663 

1,252 

3,637 

2,608 

1,093 

664 

866 

940 

1,211 


5,691 


1,865 

1,148 

971 

96 

1,163 

675 

617 

507 

3,302 

1,250 


1,445 

921 

1,246 

2,820 

1,509 

806 

1,611 

1,317 

785 

1,624 

1,856 


1,166 

1,004 

831 


447 
930 
199 

1,636 

4,409 
237 
701 

1,045 
280 

2,696 


192 

78 

1,961 


6,769 
1,238 
291 
975 
2,534 
1,596 


1,440 

1,582 

847 

1,774 


2,302 
989 
196 

'""469 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Adin,  Cal 

Adler,  N.D 

Adrian,  Kan 

Adrian,  Mich 

Adrian,  Mich 

Adrian,  Minn 

Adrian,  Minn 

Adrian,  Mo 

Adrian,  Wis 

Adsboro,  6a 

^tna.  111 

^tna,  Kan 

iGtna,  Mich 

Mtna,  Mich 

^tna,  Minn 

Afoguak,  Alaska 

Africa,  6a 

Afton,  Ark 

Afton,  111 

Afton,  Iowa 

Afton,  Iowa 

Afton,  Iowa 

Afton,  Kan 

Afton,  Minn 

Afton,  N.Y 

Afton,  N.Y 

Afton,  S.D 

Aftou,  S.D 

Agassiz,  Minn 

Agawam,  Mass 

Agency,  Iowa 

Agency,  Iowa 

Agency,  Kan 

Agency,  Mo 

Agivavik,  Alaska 

Agnes,  N.D 

Agnes  City,  Kan 

Agowik,  Alaska 

Agram,  Minn 

Agua  Negra,  N.M 

Aguliagamute,  Alaska.. 
Agulukpukmute,  Alas.. 

Aguniak,  Alaska 

Ahgoniekhelanagha- 

mute,  Alaska 

Ahgulakhpaghamute, 

Alaska 

Ahguliagamute,  Alas... 

Ahnapee,  Wis 

Ahnapee,  Wis 

Ahpokagaraute,  Alas... 
Ahquenach-khluga- 

mute,  Alaska 

Aid,  O 

Aiken,  S.C 

Aiken,  S.C 

Aineyville,  Pa 

Ainsworth,  Neb 

Ainsworth,  Neb 

Aitkin,  Minn 

Aitkin,  Minn 

Akakhpnk,  Alaska 

Akan,  Wis 

Akeklebahamnte,  Alas. 
Akgulurigiglak,  Alas... 
Akiagamute,  Alaska.... 
Akiakchagmute,  Alas... 

Akins,  6a 

Akra,  N.D 

Akron,  Col 

Akron,  Col 

Akron,  111 

Akron,  Iowa 

Akron,  Mich 

Akron,  Minn 

Akron,  Minn 

Akron,  N.Y 

Akron,  O 

Akron,  Pa 

Akutan,  Alaska. 

Alabama,  Ark 

Alabama,  Cal 

Alabama,  N.Y 

Alabaster,  Mich 

Alaculsy,  6a 

Alafla,  Fla 

Alaganok,  Alaska 

Alagnagmute,  Alaska... 

Alaiedon,  Mich 

Alameda,  Cal 

Alameda,  N.M 

Alamo,  Ind 

Alamo,  Mich 

Alamo,  Tenn 

Alamo  Gordo,  N.M 

Alamosa,  Col 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

township 

township 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

village 

township 

city 

village 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vitl 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Modoc 

Nelson 

Jackson 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Nobles 

Watonwan. 

Bates 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Logan 

Barber 

Mecosta 

Missaukee. . 
Pipestone... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


949 


Spalding 

Fulton 

DeKay> 

Cherokee 

Howard 

Union 

Sedgwick 

Washington..., 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Brookings 

Sanborn 

Lac-qui-  Parle. 

Hampden 

Wapello 

Wapello 

Osage 

Buchanan 


6rand  Forks. 
Lyon 


Morrison.. 
Mora 


Kewaunee.. 
Kewaunee., 


Lawrence., 

Aiken 

Aiken 

Lehigh , 

Brown 

Brown 

Aitkin 

Aitkin 


Bichland.. 


Spalding 

Pembina 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Peoria 

Plymouth 

Tuscola 

Big  Stone 

Wilkin 

Erie 

Summit , 

Lancaster 


Nevada , 

Sacramento.... 

6enesee , 

Iosco 

Murray , 

Hillsborough. 


Ingham 

Alameda 

Bernalillo 

Montgomery., 
Kalamazoo.... 

Crockett 

San  Miguel..., 
Conejos 


1,462 

7,849 

193 

317 


715 
643 

990 


894 

72 

'1,417 
""849 


871 
1,231 

407 

928 
2,248 

734 


2,216 

1,126 

566 

1, 
810 


943 


1,430 
948 


1,530 
3,531 
1,817 


366 
136 


841 


1,479 


1,216 
'l,'367 


1,036 

16,512 

284 


874 
479 
1,975 
266 
787 


1,474 
5,708 


220 

1,218 

276 


870 

77 

424 

1,860 

8,756 
671 
443 
613 
615 

1,009 
946 
225 

1,122 
169 
147 
409 

1,494 
375 
.691 
825 

1,091 

1,045 
442 

1,097 

2,083 
683 
461 
269 
652 

2,352 
972 
442 

1,388 

879 

30 

284 

1,406 
51 
221 
987 
94 
22 
41 

15 

19 

106 

1,384 

1,015 

210 

6 

1,375 

4,497 

2,362 

639 

1,499 

733 

305 

737 

9 

982 

79 

61 

97 

43 

1,511 

838 

1,034 

559 

1,023 

494 

1,693 

345 

330 

1,492 

27,601 

606 

80 

827 

414 

1,654 

372 

641 

388 

48 

68 

1,287 

11,165 

554 

272 

1,186 

340 

618 

1,091 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Alamosa,  Col 

Alamota,  Kan 

Alba,  111 

Alba,  Minn 

Alba,  Pa 

Alban,  Neb 

Alban,  S.D 

Alban,  Wis 

Albano,  Kan 

Albany,  Ark 

Albany,  Col 

Albany,  Ga 

Albany,  III 

Albany,  111 

Albany,  Ind 

Albany,  Ky 

Albany,  Me 

Albany,  Minn 

Albany,  Mo 

Albany,  Neb..„ 

Albany,  N.H 

Albany,  N.Y 

Albany,  0 

Albany,  Ore 

Albany,  Ore 

Albany,  Pa 

Albany,  Pa , 

Albany,  Tex 

Albany,  Vt ..... 

Albany,  Wis 

Albany,  Wis 

Albany,  Wis 

Albee,  Mich 

Albemarle,  N.C 

Albemarle,  N.C 

Albert,  Mich 

Alberta,  Minn , 

Albert  Lea,  Minn., 
Albert  Lea,  Minn.. 

Alberton,  Md 

Albertson,  N.C 

Albertville,  Ala.. 

Alb       " 

Albi 

Albi 

Alb: 

Alb: 

Alb 

Alb; 

Alb 

Albi 

Alb 

Albi 

Albi 

Albi 

Alb 

Albi 

Albi 

Alb 

Albi 

Alb 

Albi 

Alh 

Alb 


a,  Iowa. 

n,  Minn 

na.  Ore 

na.  Ore 

on,  Idaho 

on,  Idaho 

on.  111 

on,  III 

on,  Ind 

on,  Ind 

on,  Iowa 

on,  Iowa 

on,  Iowa 

on,  Kan....'. 

ou,  Kan 

on,  Kan 

on.  Me 

on,  Mich 

on,  Mich 

on,  Minn 

on.  Neb , 

on,  N.Y 

Albion,  N.Y 

Albion,  N.Y , 

Albion,  Pa 

Albion,  Wis , 

Albion,  Wis 

Albion,  Wis 

Albright,  N.C 

Albright,  N.C 

Albritton,  Ala , 

Albuquerque,  N.M. 

Alburg,  Vt 

Alcester,S.D 

Alco,  Ala 

Alcona,  Kan , 

Alcona,  Mich , 

Alcove,  Neb 

Alda,  Neb 

Alden,  111 , 

Alden,  Iowa 

Aldeu,  Iowa , 

Alden,  Minn , 

Alden,  Minn 

Alden,  N.Y 

Alden,  N.Y , 

Alden,  S.D , 

Alden,  Wis 

Alder,  Col 

Alder,  Ore 

Alderbrook,  Ore , 

Alder  Creek,  Wash.. 

Alderson,  W.  Va , 

Alderton,  Wash-...., 


Bank  of 
place. 


poBt-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

city 

village 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

town 

post-vill 

town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 


County. 


Oonejoa„ 

Lane 

Henry  ....„ 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Nuckolls , 

Grant 

Portage , 

Stafford 

Nevada 

Prowers 

Dougherty , 

Whiteside , 

Whiteside , 

Delaware , 

Clinton 

Oxford 

Stearns , 

Gentry , 

Harlan ..., 

Carroll 

Albany , 

Athens , 

Linn 

Linn 

Berks 

Bradford 

Shackelford 

Orleans , 

Green 

Green 

Pepin 

Saginaw 

Stanly 

Stanly 

Montgomery..., 

Benton 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Howard 

Duplin 

Marshall 

Monroe 

Brown 

Multnomah 

Multnomah 

Cassia 

Cassia 

Edwards 

Edwards 

Noble 

Noble 

Butler 

Howard 

Marshall 

Barton 

Beno 

Bepublic 

Kennebec 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Wright 

Boone 

Orleans. 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Erie 

Dane 

Jackson 

Trempealeau... 

Alamance„ 

Chatham 

Mobile 

Bernalillo 

6rand  Isle 

Union 

Escambia. 

Books 

Alcona 

Sheridan..„ 

Hall 

McHenry 

Hardin 

Hardin.„...„.... 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Erie 

Erie 

Hand..  

Polk -.... 

Saguache 

Baker » 

Clatsop 

Klickitat 

Monroe 

Pierce 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


802 


427 
139 
189 
120 


310 


1,342 


3,216 
819 
623 
249 

2,031 
693 
680 
979 
260 
361 
90,758 
469 


1,867 

1,603 

1,464 

129 

1,138 

1,133 

267 

431 

434 

1,802 


413 

878 

1,966 


764 

669 

2,435 

409 


143 


257 

3,302 
875 

1,008 
926 

1,349 
783 
495 
249 
436 
603 

1,191 
964 

2,716 
786 
330 

S,147 


2,669 

433 

1,361 

1,462 

666 

796 

1,507 

500 

2,315 

1,614 


272 
1,214 


953 
1,174 
496 
474 
236 
2,634 
621 

■C274 


478 


47 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Aldine,  Kan 

Aldricb,  Minn 

Aldrich,  Minn 

Aledo,  111 

Aleppo,  Pa 

Aleppo,  Pa 

Alequa,  Fla 

Alessandro,  Cal 

Alexander,  Ark 

Alexander,  Ga 

Alexander,  111 

Alexander,  111 

Alexander,  Kan 

Alexander,  Kan 

Alexander,  Me 

Alexander,  Mo 

Alexander,  N.Y 

Alexander,  0 

Alexander,  Tex 

Alexander  City,  Ala... 
Alexander  City,  Ala... 

Alexandria,  Ala 

Alexandria,  Ind 

Alexandria,  Kan 

Alexandria,  Ky 

Alexandria,  La 

Alexandria,  La 

Alexandria,  Minn 

Alexandria,  Minn 

Alexandria,  Mo 

Alexandria,  Neb 

Alexandria,  K.H 

Alexandria,  N.J 

Alexandria,  N.T 

Alexandria,  0 

Alexandria,  Pa 

Alexandria,  Ya 

Alexandria  Bay,  N.Y.. 

Alexis,  111 

Alexis,  Neb 

Alford,  Ga 

Alford,  Mass 

AlfordBville,  N.C 

Alfred,  Me 

Alfred,  N.Y 

Alfred  Centre,  N.Y 

Alfsborg,  Minn 

Algansee,  Mich 

Algernon,  Neb 

Algodunes,  N.M 

Algoma,  Mich 

Algoma,  Wis 

Algona,  Iowa 

Algona,  Towa 

Algonquin,  111 

Albambra,  Cal 

Alhambra,  III 

Albambra,  Mont 

Ali8aI,Cal 

Alitak,  Alaska 

Alkali,  Neb 

Allamucby,  N.J 

Allapaba,  Ga 

Allatoona,  Ga 

Allegan,  Mich 

Allegan,  Mich 

Alleghany,  N.Y 

Alleghany,  N.C 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Va 

Alleghany,  Ya 

Allen,  Ala 

Allen,  Ark 

Allen,  Col 

Allen,  Ga 

Allen,  111 

Allen,  111 

Allen,  Ind 

Allen,  Ind 

Allen,  Iowa 

Allen,  Iowa 

Allen,  Iowa 

Allen,  Kan 

Allen,  Kan 

Allen,  Ky 

Allen,  Ky 

Allen,  Mich 

Allen,  Mo 

Allen,  N.Y 

48 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vlll 

city 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

ward 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-bo  ro' 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

village 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 


County. 


Norton 

Wadena , 

Wadena , 

Mercer , 

Alleghany. .. 

Greene 

Walton 

San  Bemardinb 

Pulaski 

Jefferson 

Morgan 

Pope 

Cheyenne 

Rush... 

Washington.. 

Benton 

Genesee 

Athens 

Erath 

Tallapoosa.... 
Tallapoosa.... 

Calhoun 

Madison 

Leavenworth 

Campbell 

Rapides 

Rapides 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Clark 

Thayer 

Grafton 

Hunterdon,... 

Jefferson 

Licking 

Huntingdon.. 
Alexandria... 

Jefferson 

Warren 

Butler 

Hart 

Berkshire 

Robeson 

York 

.Alleghany.... 
Alleghany.... 

Sibley 

Branch 

Custer. 

Bernalillo 

Kent 

Winnebago... 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

McHenry 

Los  Angeles.. 

Madison 

Jefferson 

Monterey 


Deuel 

Warren 

Berrien , 

Bartow 

Allegan 

Allegan , 

Cattaraugus, 

Davidson 

Alleghany... 

Blair 

Butler 

Cambria 

Potter 

Somerset 

Yenango , 

Westmoreland.. 

Craig 

Montgomery... 

Calhoun 

Pope 

Gunnison 

Walton 

La  Salle 

McLean 

Miami 

Noble 

Harrison 

Polk 

Warren  „ 

Jewell 

Kingman 

Clay 

Floyd 

Hillsdale 

Worth 

Alleghany 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


631 
692 


1,492 
657 

1,448 
100 


1,444 

736 

1,116 


367 

439 

1,169 

1,608 

1,423 


2,036 

488 

1,250 

2,951 

3,730 

1.800 

139 

1,365 

760 

816 

828 

1,324 

3,136 

269 

484 

13,669 

587 

398 

666 

980 

348 

1,671 

1,101 

1,626 

613 

477 

1,550 


2,100 
791 
2,147 
1,369 
2,321 


1,228 


648 

157 

778 

3,698 

2,306 

4,044 

692 

78,682 

2,149 

2,387 

1,431 

672 

1,201 

1,043 

2,050 

1,268 

3,725 

1,114 

211 


797 

1,016 

1,291 

1,225 

2,036 

297 

673 

1,031 

663 

195 

913 

1,246 

1,580 

1,847 

818 


324 

262 

69 

1,601 

510 
1,637 

192 
51 

146 
1,619 

962 
1,072 

190 

212 

337 
1,730 
1,687 
1,243 

381 
3,146 

679 
2,498 

716 
1,108 
2,828 
4,950 
2,861 

470 
2,118 

536 
1,111 

679 
1,260 
3,601 

296 

438 

14,339 

1,123 

662 

581 
1,008 

297 
2,206 
1,030 
1,699 

786 

631 
1,383 
1,328 

366 
2,077 

757 
2,068 
2,068 
2,512 

808 
1,122 

114 
3,767 

420 
96 

7S9 

449 

706 
3,983 
2,669 
3,611 

546 

105,287 

2,860 

1,224 

1,257 

636 
1,463 

536 
2,216 
1,301 
3,787 
1,086 

177 
69 

841 

1,052 

1,209 

1,173 

1,962 

574 

498 

898 

789 

324 

863 

1,261 

1,429 

1,889 

717 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Allen,  N.D 

Allen,  0 

Allen,  0 

Allen,  0 

Allen,  0 

Allen,  Pa 

Allen,  Pa 

Allen,  S.D 

Alien,  W.  Va 

Allendale,  Mich 

Allendale.  N.D 

Allendale,  S.C 

Allen  Fresh,  Md 

Allen  Grove,  111 

Allen's  Grove,  Iowa.. 

Allenstown,  N.H 

AUensville,  Ky 

Allensville,  Ky 

AUensville,  N.C 

Allensville,  Tenn 

Allenton,  Ala 

Allentown,  Pa 

Allenville,  111 

AUenville,  Mo 

Allertou,  Iowa 

Alley  ton,  Tex 

Alliance,  Minn 

Alliance,  Neb 

Alliance,  0 ^.... 

Alliance,  S.D 

Alligator,  N.C 

Alligator,  S.C 

Allis,  Mich 

Allison,  Ala 

Allison,  111 

Allison,  Iowa„ 

Allison,  Kan 

Allison,  Ky 

Allison,  Pa 

Allison,  S.D 

Allodium,  Kan 

Allouer,  Wis 

Allouez,  Mich 

Allsborough,  Ala 

All8ton,Neb 

Alma,  Ark 

Alma,  Ark 

Alma,  Col 

Alma,  111. 

Alma,  Kan 

Alma,  Kan 

Alma,  Mich 

Alma,  Minn 

Alma,  Mo 

Alma,  Neb 

Alma,  Neb 

Alma,  N.Y 

Alma,  N.D 

Alma,  Wis 

Alma,  Wis 

Alma,  Wis 

Almaden,  Cal 

Almelo,  Kan 

Almena,  Kan 

Alniena,  Kan 

Almena,  Mich 

Aimer,  Mich 

Almira,  Mich 

Almo,  Idaho 

Almon,  Wis 

Almond,  Ala 

Almond,  Minn 

Almond,  N.Y 

Almond,  Wis 

Almonds,  N.C 

Almont,  Mich 

Almon t,  Mich 

Alna,  Me 

Alpena,  Mich 

Alpena,  Mich 

Alpena,  S.D 

Alpha,  Idaho 

Alpha,  Iowa 

Alpha,  S.D 

Alpha,  Wash 

Alpharetta,  Ga 

Alpharetta,  Ga 

Alpine,  Ark , 

Alpine,  Cal , 

Alpine,  Ga 

Alpine,  Mich 

Alpine,  Ore 

Alpine,  Utah 

Alpine  City,  Utah 

Alsace,  Pa 

Alsea,  Ore 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

j)08t-twp 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

city 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township ' 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

poet-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Kidder 

Darke 

Hancock 

Ottawa 

Union 

Northampton.. 
Washington.... 

Beadle 

Morgan 

Ottawa 

Grand  Forks... 

Barnwell 

Charles 

Mason 

Scott 

Merrimack 

Todd 

Todd 

Person 

Sevier 

Wilcox 

Lehigh 

Moultrie 

Cape  Girardeau 

Wayne 

Colorado 

Clay 

Bozbutte 

Stark 

Moody 

Tyrrell 

Chesterfield . 
Presque  Isle. 

Jackson 

Lawrence .... 

Lyon 

Decatur 

Hardin 

Clinton 

Brown 

Graham 

Brown 

Keweenaw.., 

Colbert 

Dundy 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Park 

Marion 

Wabaunsee.. 
Wabaunsee.. 

Gratiot 

Marshall 

Lafayette 

Harlan 

Harlan 

Alleghany... 

Cavalier 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Jackson 

Santa  Clara., 

Norton 

Norton 

Norton 

Yan  Buren.. 

Tu.icola 

Benzie , 

Cassia 

Shawano 

Clay 

Big  Stone 

Alleghany... 

Portage 

Stanly 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Lincoln 

Alpena 

Alpena 

Jerauld 

Boise 

Fayette 

Hand 

Lewis ..., 

Milton 

Milton , 

Clark 

San  Diego.... 
Chattooga.... 

Kent. 

Morrow 

Utah 

Utah 

Berks 

Benton 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,246 
1,026 


1,333 
2,602 
1,236 


907 
1,074 


2,580 
2,727 
1,102 

833 
1,707 
1,288 

396 
1,389 

619 
2,215 
18,063 


122 

888 
189 


4,636 


917 
1,225 


1,068 


2,277 
930 


259 
975 


1,798 
504 


1,024 

1,057 

362 

437 


53 

720 
298 
866 


731 
1,244 

799 
2,418 


876 


936 

1,172 

356 


303 
933 
235 

1,667 
872 
924 

2,050 
837 
687 
726 

6,153 


42 


1,304 
164 

489 


92 
1,378 


319 

319 

1,523 

327 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Alstead,  N.H 

Alta,  Iowa 

AltA,  Kan 

Alta.  Ore 

Altamont,  III 

Altamunt,  Kan 

Altitmoiit,  Ky 

Altamont,  Md 

Altamont,  S.D 

Altiiiiiont,  Tenn 

Altary,  Kan 

Alta  Vista,  Minn 

Altenburg,  Mo... 

Althouse,  Ore 

Alto,  Ga 

Alto,  III 

Alto,  Tex 

Alto,  Wis 

Alto  Chupaderos,  N.M. 

Alton,  111 

Alton,  111 

Alton,  Ind 

Alton,  Iowa 

Alton,  Kan 

Alton,  Ky 

Alton,  Me 

Alton,  Minn 

Alton,  N.H 

Alton,  S.D 

Altona,  Col 

Altoua,  111 

Altona,  Minn 

Altona,  N.Y 

AltoouH,  Fla 

Altoona,  Fla 

Altoona,  Iowa 

Altoona,  Kan.. 

Altoona,  Pa 

Altoona,  S.D 

Altoona,  Wis 

Alto  Pass,  111 

Alto  Pass,  III 

Alturas,  Cal 

Altus,  Ark 

Alum  Bidge,  Va 

Alva,  Fla 

Alvarado,  Tex 

Alvin,  Tex 

Alviso,  Cal 

Alvord,  Ore 

Alvord,  Tex 

Amador,  Minn 

Amador  City,  Cal 

Amana,  Iowa 

Amanda,  0 

Amanda,  0 

Amanda,  0 

Amanda,  0 

Amandale.  S.D 

Amaqua,  Iowa 

Amargo,  N.M 

Amarillo,  Tex 

Amazon,  Mont 

Amazonia,  Mo 

Amber,  Mich 

Ambia,  Ind 

Ambler,  Pa 

Aniboy,  111 

Amboy,  III 

Amboy,  Ind 

Amboy,  Mich 

Amlioy,  Minn 

Amboy,  Minn 

Amboy,  N.Y 

Amboy,  0 

Amelia,  S.C 

Amenia,  N.Y 

Amenia,  N.D 

America,  111 

America,  Iowa 

America,  S.D 

American,  Cal 

American,  Cal 

American  Falls,  Idaho 
American  Fork,  Utah.. 
American  Bidge,  Idaho 

Americas,  Ga 

Americus,  Kan 

Americus,  Kan 

Americus,  N.D 

Amery,  Wis 

Ames,  Cal „., 

Ames,  Col 

Ames,  Iowa , 

Ames,  0 

Amesbury,  Mass...... 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

pout-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-town 

poet- town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

poet-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

township 

poet- vl  11 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 


County. 


Cheshire 

Buena  Vista.. 

Harvey 

Umatilla 

Effingham.... 

Labette 

Laurel 

Garrett 

Deuel 

Grundy 

Decatur 

Lincoln  

Perry 

Josephine 

Gilmer 

Lee , 

Cherokee 

Fond  da  Lac 

Mora 

Madison 

Madison 

Crawford...... 

Sioux 

Osborne 

Anderson , 

Penobscot 

Waseca 

Belknap 

Brookings 

Boulder 

Knox 

Pipe  Stone .... 

Clinton 

Lake 

Lake , 

Polk 

Wilson 

Blair... 

Beadle 

£au  Claire 

Union 

Union 

Modoc 

Franklin 

Floyd 

Lee 

Johnson 

Brazoria , 

Santa  Clara... 

Harney 

Wise 

Chisago , 

Amador 

Iowa 

Allen 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Hancock 

Spink 

Boone 

Rio  Arriba.... 

Potter 

Jefferson , 

Andrew 

Mason 

Benton 

Montgomery. 

Lee 

Lee 

Miami 

Hillsdale 

Blue  Earth... 
Cottonwood... 

Oswego 

Fulton 

Orangeburg.. 

Dutchess 

Cass 

Pulaski 

Plymouth 

Brul6 

San  Bernardino 
Sacramento. . 

Oneida 

Utah 

Latah 

Sumter 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Grand  Forks 

Polk 

San  Diego.... 
San  Miguel.. 

Story 

Athens 

Essex 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,037 
423 
523 
662 
654 


1,661 

""iio 


221 
234 
347 


1,028 

88 

1,335 


9,848 

8,975 

259 


1,165 
419 
947 

1,476 


818 

145 

3,670 


400 
19,710 


2,318 
166 
456 
224 

1,428 


377 


721 
161 


178 
824 
1,633 
1,456 
1,840 
375 
1,474 


597 


262 

747 

263 

261 

3,671 

2,448 

208 

1,379 

66 

139 

1,244 

1,291 

3,664 

2,697 


2,311 


401 
i,'825 


3,636 

1,906 

431 


1,153 
1,392 
3,356 


870 

768 

616 

696 

1,044 

454 

216 

1,002 

265 

67 

301 

287 

183 

226 

363 

923 

210 

1,316 

231 

11,0.'>7 

10,294 

277 

708 

338 

1,269 

348 

1,042 

1,372 

315 

255 

654 

282 

2,368 

463 

120 

326 

265 

30,337 

195 

805 

2,186 

389 

1,145 

469 

1,721 

112 

1,543 

261 

967 

28 

660 

463 

984 

1,687 

1,426 

1,907 

469 

1,250 

121 

785 

604 

482 

3 

282 

1,036 

293 

1,073 

3,139 

2,267 

402 

1,236 

215 

222 

969 

1,450 

4,661 

2,362 

280 

651 

4,764 

407 

878 

648 

278 

1,942 

707 

6,398 

1,857 

393 

664 

451 

71 

104 

1,276 

1,281 

9,798 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Amherst,  Iowa 

Amherst,  Me 

Amherst,  Mass 

Amherst,  Minn 

Amherst,  N.H 

Amherst,  N.Y 

Amherst,  0 

Amherst,  Va 

Amherst,  Va 

Amherst,  Wis 

Amherst,  Wis 

Amicalola,  Ga 

Amiret,  Minn 

Amite  City,  La 

Amity,  Ark 

Amitv,  Ark 

Amity,  111 

Amity,  Iowa 

Amity,  Me 

Amity,  N.Y 

Amity,  Ore 

Amity,  Pa 

Amity,  Pa 

Amityville,  N.Y 

Amo,  Minn 

Amor,  Minn 

Amory,  Miss 

Amsterdam,  Iowa 

Amsterdam,  N.Y 

Amsterdam,  N.Y 

Amsterdam,  Va 

Amwell,  Pa 

Anaconda,  Mont 

Anacortes,  Wash 

Anaheim,  Cal 

Anaheim,  Cal 

Analy,  Cal 

Anamosa,  Iowa 

Anatone,  Wash 

Anchor,  111 

Ancram,  N.Y 

Andalusia,  Ala 

Andalusia,  Ala 

Andalusia,  111 

Andalusia,  111 

Anderson,  Ala 

Anderson,  Ark 

Anderson,  Ark 

Anderson,  Cal 

Anderson,  Cal 

Anderson,  Cal 

Anderson,  Ga 

Anderson,  Ga 

Anderson,  111 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Iowa 

Anderson,  Neb 

Anderson,  N.C 

Anderson,  0 

Anderson,  S.C 

Anderson,  W.  Va 

Anderson  C.-H.,  S.C 

Anderson  Creek,  N.C, 

Andes,  N.Y 

Andes,  N.Y 

Andover,  Oonn 

Andover,  111 , 

Andover,  111 

Andover,  Me 

Andover,  Mass 

Andovor,  Minn 

Andover,  N.H 

Andover,  N.J 

Andover,  N.Y 

Andover,  0 

Andover,  0 

Andover,  S.D 

Andover,  S.D 

Andover,  Vt 

Andrea,  Minn 

Andreievsky,  Alaska... 

Andrew,  Iowa 

Andrews,  Ind 

Andrews,  Neb 

Angel,  Cal , 

Angelica,  N.Y 

Angelica,  N.Y 

Angelica,  Wis 

Angelo,  Wis , 

jVngel's  Camp,  Cal 

Anglesea,  N.J , 

Angnovcbamute,  Alas. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-diet 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-diet 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

poet-Till 

township 

poet-vill 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-lioro' 

hamlet 


County. 


Cherokee 

Hancock 

Hampshire 

Fillmore 

Hillsborough.. 

Erie. 

Lorain 

Amherst 

Amherst 

Portage 

Portage 

Dawson 

Lyon 

Tangipahoa 

Clark 

Clark 

Livingston 

Page 

Aroostook....... 

Alleghany 

Yam  Hill 

Berks 

Erie 

Suffolk 

Cottonwood 

Otter  Tail 

Monroe 

Hancock 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Botetourt 

Washington.... 

Deer  Lodge 

Skagit 

Orange 

Orange 

Sonoma 

Jones 

Asotin 

McLean 

Columbia 

Covington 

Covington 

Rock  Island.... 
Rock  Island.... 

Clarke 

Benton 

Clark 

Mendocino 

Shasta 

Shasta 

Banks 

Wilkes 

Clark 

Madison.... 

Madison 

Perrj- 

Rush 

Warrick 

Mills 

Phelps 

Caswell 

Hamilton 

Williameburg. 

Hancock 

Anderson 

Harnett 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Tolland 

Henry 

Henry 

Oxford 

Essex 

Polk 

Merrimack 

Sussex 

Alleghany 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula. 

Day 

Day 

Windsor 

Wilkin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


341 

400 
4,298 

931 
1,226 
4,619 
3,259 
4,619 


1,376 

298 

399 

282 

1,120 

1,439 

140 

1,290 

1,381 

43211 

1,972 

682 

1,598 

1,033 

1,063 

142 

208 


222 

11,710 

9,466 

5,009 

1,900 


Jackson 

Huntington., 

Sioux 

Calaveras 

Alleghany.... 
Alleghany.... 

Shawano 

Monroe 

Calaveras 

Cape  May — 


1,469 

833 

1,851 

2,083 


942 
1,602 
729 
696 
691 


653 
2,018 
521 
795 
995 


749 
1,066 
1,216 
6,137 
4,126 
1,968 
1,465 

912 
1,074 


1,522 

4,154 

733 


1,860 

824 

2,639 

490 

428 

1,603 

302 

780 

5,169 

286 

1,204 

1,150 

1,988 

1,166 


564 


288 
464 


1,620 
706 
336 
469 
330 


686 

375 

4,612 

815 

1,053 

4,014 

3,464 

4,4-24 

690 

1,762 

438 

445 

294 

1,510 

1,440 

211 

1,252 

1,225 

420 

1,996 

743 

1,562 

912 

2,293 

173 

361 

739 

:i93 

2,948 

17,3:16 

6,477 

1,903 

3,975 

1,131 

2,917 

1,273 

2,709 

2,078 

167 

903 

1,3.32 

1,371 

270 

637 

281 

732 

1,577 

849 

1,061 

1,596 

508 

992 

1,084 

1,293 

12,517 

10,741 

1,990 

1,579 

990 

1,079 

439 

1,467 

4,036 

1,107 

218 

3,018 

851 

2,264 

416 

401 

1,228 

269 

740 

6,142 

304 

1,090 

1,1J6 

1,766 

1,619 

733 

666 

232 

418 

107 

10 

307 

1,390 

88 

1,960 

1,749 

963 

680 

477 

917 

161 

10 


4U 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Angola,  Ind 

Angola,  N.Y 

Angus,  Iowa 

Angus,  Minn 

Animas,  Col 

Animas,  Col 

Animas  Forks,  Col 

Anina,  S.D 

Anita,  Iowa 

Aniwa,  Wis 

Ankahchagmute,  Alas.. 

Ann,  Minn 

Anna,  111 

Anna,  111 

Anna,  0 

Annabella,  Utah 

Annandale,  Minn 

Annapolis,  Md 

Annapolis,  Mo 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich 

Annawan,  111 

Annawan,  111 

Anneta,    and    ConoUo- 

way,  Ky 

Annin,  Pa. 

Anniston,  Ala... 

Anniston,  Ala 

Annona,  Tex 

Annovokhamute,  Alas.. 

Annsville,  N.Y 

Annville,  Pa 

Anoka,  Minn 

Anoka,  Minn 

Ansley,  Neb 

Anson,  Me 

Anson,  Tex 

Anson,  Wis 

Ansonia,  Conn 

Ansonia,  0 

Ansoriville,  N.C 

Antelope,  Cal 

Antelope,  Idaho 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  Neb. 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antelope,  N.D 

Antelope,  Ore 

Antelope,  Ore 

Antelope,  S.I) 

Antelope,  Tex 

Antelope  Spring,  Neb... 
Antelope  Valley,  S.D... 

Anthony,  Fla 

Anthony,  Kan 

Anthony,  Kan 

Anthony,  Minn 

Anthony,  Pa 

Anthony,  Pa 

Anthony  Oreek,  W.  Va. 

Antietam,  Md 

Antigo,  Wis 

Antigo,  Wis 

Antioch,  Ark 

Antioch,  Ark 

Antioch,  Cal 

Antioch,  Ga , 

Antioch,  Ga 

Antioch,  111 

Antioch,  111 , 

Antioch,  Ky 

Antioch,  Ky , 

Antioch,  Mich 

Antioch,  N.C 

Antioch,  S.C 

Amis,  Pa 

Antoine,  Ark 

Autoine,  Ark 

.\nton  Chico,  N.M 

.\ntonito.  Col 

Antonito,  Col 

Antrim,  Mich 

Antrim,  Mich 

Antrim,  Minn 

Antrim,  Neb 

Antrim,  N.H 

Antrim,  0 

Antrim,  Pa 

■Antwerp,  Mich 

"Antwerp,  N.Y 

Antwerp,  N.Y 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

just.-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

district 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Steuben.... 

Erie 

Boone 

Polk 

La  Plata.. 
La  Plata.. 
San  Juan., 
Jerauld..., 

Cass 

Shawano.. 


Cottonwood 

Union 

Union 

Shelby 

Sevier 

Wright 

Anne  Arundel. 

Iron , 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw , 

Henry 

Henry 


Grayson...., 
McKean. ... 
Calhoun.... 
Calhoun.... 
Bed  Biver.. 


Oneida. , 

Lebanon 

Anoka 

Anoka 

Custer 

Somerset 

Jones 

Chippewa 

New  Haven.. 

Darke 

Anson 

Mono 

Alturas 

Dawson , 

Franklin 

Harlan 

Hayes 

Jefferson 

Lincoln 

Sheridan 

Sioux , 

Benson 

Union 

Wasco 

Spink 

Jack 

Dawes 

Deuel 

Marion 

Harper 

Harper 

Norman 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Greenbrier. ... 
Washington.. 

Langlade 

Langlade 

Garland 

Hot  Spring... 
Contra  Costa. 

Stewart 

Troup 

Lake 

Lake 

Floyd 

Wolfe 

Wexford 

Wilkes 

Darlington ... 

Blair 

Clark r.... 

Pike 

Guadaloupe... 

Conejos _. 

Conejos 

Antrim 

Shiawassee  ... 
Watonwan  ... 

Dawes 

Hillsborough ... 

Wyandot 

Franklin 

Van  Buren 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


79 
"286 


479 


290 

3,308 

1,494 

266 

205 


6,642 
153 
1,400 
8,061 
1,287 
396 


1,089 

1,401 

942 


2,654 

1,431 

261 

2,706 


1.555 


723 


542 

2,364 

288 


597 
436 


79 
"996 


1,022 
345 
147 
592 

1,042 
767 

4,591 


362 


1,719 

1,067 

1,472 

134 

753 

426 

114 

675 

1,154 

2,281 

1,288 

634 


1,190 
430 


1,172 
1,928 
4,284 
1,958 
3,414 
731 


1,840 

650 

704 

171 

431 

180 

69 

200 

695 

686 

103 

338 

1,697 

2,295 

527 

280 

211 

7,604 

690 

1,383 

9,431 

1,164 

387 

1,154 

1,188 

10,918 

9,998 

267 

16 

2,068 

1,283 

360 

4,252 

750 

1,444 

495 

533 

10,342 

676 

2,074 

356 

74 

301 

493 

603 

226 

561 

196 

137 

62 

164 

130 

307 

165 

1,052 

748 

103 

231 

840 

1,806 

329 

562 

962 

838 

1,364 

643 

4,424 

434 

392 

635 

1,453 

775 

1,704 

303 

964 

635 

470 

818 

1,458 

2,060 

1,691 

777 

900 

335 

315 

480 

992 

573 

116 

1,248 

1,704 

4,359 

1,922 

3,095 

912 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Antwerp,  O , 

Anvik,  Alaska 

Apache,  Col 

Apalachicola,  Fla 

Apahiachamute,  Alas. 

Apex,  N.C ~ 

Aplin,  Ark.- 

Aplington,  Iowa 

Apolacon,  Pa 

Apollo,  Pa 

Apopka,  Fla 

Appanoose,  III 

Appanoose,  Kan 

Apple  Creek,  Mo 

Apple  Creek,  N.D 

Apple  Creek,  0 

Applegate,  Ore 

Apple  Grove,  Ala. 

Apple  Biver,  111 

Apple  Biver,  111 

Apple  Biver,  Wis 

Appleton,  Kan 

Appleton,  Me 

Appleton,  Minn 

Appleton,  Minn 

Appleton,  Mo 

Appleton,  Mo 

Appleton,  S.C 

Appleton,  Wis 

Appleton  City,  Mo 

Appling,  Ga 

Appomattox,  Kan 

Appomattox,  S.D 

Appoquinimink,  Del... 

Aqua  Fria,  N.M 

Aquango,  Cal 

Aqua  Sarca,  N.M 

Aquafico,  Md 

Aquia,  Va 

Arago,  Neb 

Arapahoe,  Kan 

Arapahoe,  Neb 

Arapahoe,  Neb 

Ararat,  Pa 

Arbacoochee,  Ala 

Arbela,  Mich 

Arbela,  Mo 

Arboles,  N.M 

Arbor,  Kan 

Arborville,  Neb 

Arbuckle,  Cal 

Arbuckle,  W.  Va 

Arcada,  Mich 

Arcade,  Kan -^ 

Arcade,  N.Y 

Arcadia,  Fla 

Arcadia,  111 

Arcadia,  Ind 

Arcadia,  Iowa 

Arcadia,  Iowa 

Arcadia,  Kan 

Arcadia,  La 

Arcadia,  Mich 

Arcadia,  Mich 

Arcadia,  Mo 

Arcadia,  Mo ^. 

Arcadia,  Neb 

Arcadia,  Neb 

Arcadia,  N.Y 

Arcadia,  N.C 

Arcadia,  O 

Arcadia,  Wis 

Arcadia,  Wis 

Arcanum,  0 

Areata,  Cal 

Archbald,  Pa 

Archbold,  O 

Archdale,  N.C 

Archer,  Fla 

Archer,  0 

Archey  Valley,  Ark 

Archie,  Mo 

Arco,  Idaho 

Areola,  111 

Areola,  III 

Areola,  La 

Arctauder,  Minn 

Arden,N.C 

Arden,  W.  Va 

Ardmore,  Pa 

Ardoch.  N.D 

Ardoch,  N.D 

Arena,  Cal 

Arena,  Minn 

Arena,  S.D 

Arena,  Wis 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

village 

precinct 

city 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

hundred 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

district 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post- town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Paulding.. 


Huerfano,  c 
Franklin... 


Wake 

Perry 

Butler 

Susquehanna. 
Armstrong  ... 

Orange 

Hancock 

Franklin 

Cape  Girardeau 

Burleigh 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Morgan 

Jo  Daviess.... 
Jo  Daviess.... 

Polk 

Clark 

Knox 

Swift 

Swift 

Cape  Girardeau 
Saint  Clair.. 
Barnwell  .... 
Outagamie  .. 
Saint  Clair., 
Colombia.... 

Grant 

Potter 

New  Castle., 

Santa  Fe 

San  Diego.... 
San  Miguel. 
Prince  George's 

Stafford 

Bichardson., 

Haskell 

Furnas 

Furnas 

Susquehanna.... 

Cleburne 

Tuscola 

Scotland 

Bio  Arriba.... 

Bawlins 

York 

Colusa 

Mason 

Gratiot 

Phillips 

Wyoming 

De  Soto 

Morgan 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Crawford 

Bienville 

Lai)eer 

Manistee 

Iron 

Iron 

Valley 

Valley 

Wayne 

Davidson 

Hancock 

Trempealeau 
Trempealeau  ... 

Darke 

Humboldt 

Lackawanna. 

Fulton 

Bandolph 

Alachua.  

Harrison 

Van  Buren... 

Cass 

Alturas 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Tangipahoa . 
Kandiyohi  ... 
Buncombe.... 

Berkeley 

Montgomery 

Walsh 

Walsh...* 

Mendocino ... 
Lac-qui-Parle... 

Potter 

Iowa 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,275 


1,336 


228 
467 


639 
1,156 


846 
1,061 
2,924 


385 
365 


1,036 
626 
412 


1,348 
232 
400 
100 

1,983 


8,005 

1,034 

960 


2,351 


1,712 

2,341 

888 


1,130 
470 
639 
877 

1,283 
144 


187 
2,040 
1,952 

476 
2,000 


1,248 

433 

1,111 

426 


1,043 
335 

3,432 
259 


5,702 
857 
396 

3,167 
665 
778 
702 

3,049 
635 
131 
126 
785 
481 


2,925 

1,515 

94 

614 


1,812 
519 


1,689 
94 


1,796 


60 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIYIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Arena,  Wi8.„ post-vill 

Arenac,  Mich post-twp 

Areiulahl,  Minn. post-twp 

Areuzville,  III precinct 

Arenzville,  111 post-vill 

Argeuta,  Mont post-prect 

Argentine,  Kan city 

Argentine,  Mich post-twp 

Argo,  Ac,  Col post-prect 

Ai^o.  S.D post-twp 

Argonia,  Kan post-vill 

Argos,  Ind post-town 

Argyle,  Fla post-prect 

Argyle,  Me post-town 

Argyle,  Mich post-twp 

Argyle,  Minn post-vill 

Argyle,  N.Y township 

Argyle,  N.Y post-vill 

Argyle,  Wis township 

Argyle,  Wis post-vill 

Arickaree,  Col post-prect 

Arietta,  N.Y post-town 

Arion,  Kan township 

Arispie,  111 township 

Arivaca,  Arizona post-town 

Arizona,  La post-vill 

Arizona,  Neb post-prect 

Arkabutla,  Miss post-town 

Arkadelphia,  Ala post-prect 

Arkailelphia,  Ark post-town 

Arkansas.  Ark township 

Arkansiis  City,  Kan city 

Arkaqua,  Ga mil.-dist 

Arkwright,  N.Y post-town 

Arlington,  Col post-prect 

Arlington,  Fla. precinct 

Arlington,  Ga post-vill 

Arlington,  Ga mil.-dist 

Arlington,  111 post-vill 

Arlington,  Iowa township 

Arlington,  Kan post-twp 

Arlington,  Ky mag.-dist 

Arlington,  Ky post-vill 

Arlington,  Mass post-town 

Arlington,  Mich township 

Arlington,  Minn township 

Arlington,  Minn post-vill 

Arlington,  Mo post-twp 

Arlington,  Neb township 

Arlington,  Neb pust-vill 

Arlington,  Ore precinct 

Arlington,  Ore post-vill 

Arlington,  S.D township 

Arlington,  S.D post-town 

Arlington,  Tenn post-vill 

Arlington,  Tex post-town 

Arlington,  Vt post-town 

Arlington,  Va mag.-dist 

Arlington,  Wis post-twp 

Arlington  Heights,  111...  post-vill 
Arlington  Heights,  0...  post-vill 

Armada,  Mich.. township 

Armada,  Mich post-vill 

Armada,  Neb township 

Armagh,  Pa post-boro' 

Armagh,  Pa township 

Armenia,  Pa township 

Armenia,  Wis township 

Armenta,  N.M precinct 

Armington,  111 post-town 

Armour,  SD post-tuwn 

Armstrong,  Ind post-twp 

Armstrong,  Mo post-town 

Armstrong,  Pa township 

Armstrong,  Pa township 

Armstrong  Grove,  Iowa  township 

Arnold,  Neb post-twp 

Arnot,  Pa post-vill 

Aroma,  111 township 

Arriba,  Col precinct 

Arrington,  III township 

Arrington,  Va post-vill 

Arrow  Rock,  Mo township 

Arrow  Rock,  Mo post-vill 

Arrowsic,  Me post-town 

Arrowsmith,  III post-twp 

Arroyo  Grande,  Cal township 

Arroyo  Grande,  Cal post-vill 

Arroyo  de  Los  Yutas, 

N.M precinct 

Arroyo  Hondo,  N.M post-prect 

Arroyo  Seco,  N.M post-prect 

Artesia,  111 township 

Artesia,  Miss post-town 

Artesian,  S.D post-vill 

Arthur,  111 |  post-vill 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


Iowa 

Arenac 

Fillmore 

Cass 

Cass 

Beaver  Head 
Wyandotte... 

Genesee 

Arapahoe 

Brookings.... 

Snmner 

Marshall 

Walton 

Penobscot 

Sanilac 

Marshall 

Washington. 
Washington. 

Lafayette , 

Lafayette - 

Arapahoe 

Hamilton 

Cloud 

Bureau 

Pima 

Claiborne 

Burt 

Tate 

Blount 

Clark 

Arkansas 

Cowley 

Union  

Chautauqua. 

Kiowa 

Duval , 

Calhoun 

Early 

Bureau 

Woodbury ... 

Reno 

Carlisle 

Carlisle 

Middlesex ... 
Van  Buren.. 

Sibley 

Sibley 

Phelps 

Washington. 
Washington. 

Gilliam 

Gilliam........ 

Buffalo 

Kingsbury .. 

Shelby 

Tarrant 

Bennington 
Alexandria.. 

Columbia 

Cook 

Hamilton .... 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Buffalo 

Indiana 

Mifflin 

Bradford 

Juneau 

Mora 

Tazewell 

Douglas 

Vanderburg. 

Howard 

Indiana 

Lycoming.... 

Emmet 

Custer , 

Tioga , 

Kankakee.... 

Lincoln 

Wayne 

Nelson 

Saline 

Saline 

Sagadahoc... 

McLean 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Luis  Obispo 


Mora...... 

Taos 

Taos 

Iroquois. . 
Lowndes.. 
Sanborn... 
Moultrie . 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


266 

678 

1,002 


379 


1,178 


285 
341 


2,776 
316 

1,225 
322 


294 

675 

1,160 


136 
626 


1,506 
567 

1,012 
561 

1,076 


250 


447 
142 


337 
4,100 
1,551 

916 


892 
774 


163 
1,5.32 
1,754 
1,022 

995 


1,793 
656 


123 

2,067 

410 

296 


129 


1,364 

76 

1,340 

1,431 

242 


2,783 
1,200 


1,583 


2,445 
304 
256 

1,256 
998 


1,630 
150 


354 

662 
814 

1,135 
356 
229 

4,732 

1,069 

2,295 
339 
376 

1,101 
237 
263 
767 
306 

2,313 
158 

1,268 
411 
181 
357 
691 

1,043 
236 
148 
705 
148 
173 

2,465 
704 

8,347 
438 
886 
222 
465 
417 

1.284 
436 
833 
745 

1,898 
574 

5,629 

1,549 
925 
417 

1,470 

1,167 
412 
694 
356 
238 
270 
343 
664 

1,352 

2,013 
828 

1,424 
222 

1,770  I 
638  I 
561  I 
162  ! 

2,097  i 
460 
354 
317 
241 
482 

1,238 
248 

1,205 
385 
293 
866 
644 

1,093 
157 

1,808 
208 

2,603 

350 

177 

1,090 

3,434 

466 

367 
611 
803 
1,687 
313 
256 
5:}6 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Arthur,  Mich 

Arthur,  Minn.. 

Arthur,  Minn 

Arthur,  N.D 

Arthur,  Wis 

Artichoke,  Minn 

Artichoke,  S.D 

Artondale,  Wash 

Anrilla,  N.D 

Arvon,  Mich 

Arvonia,  Kan 

Asbury,  III 

Ash,  Mich 

Ash,  Mo 

Ash,  S.D 

Ashbank,  Ga 

Ashborough,  N.C 

Ashborough,  N.C 

Ashburn,  Ga 

Ashburnham,  Mass... 

Ashby,  Ala 

Ashby,  Mass 

Ashby,  Minn 

Ashby,  Neb. 

Ashby,  Tenn 

Ashby,  Va.~ 

Ashby,  Va 

Aahbysburg,  Ky 

Ashcraft,  &c.,  Ky 

Ashcroft,  Col 

Ashcroft,  Col 

Ashcroft,  Pa 

Asher,  Ky 

Asherville,  Kan 

Asheville,  N.C 

Asheville,  N.C 

Ashfield,  Mass 

Ashford,  Conn 

Ashford,  N.Y 

Ashford,  Wis 

Ash  Grove,  111 

Ash  Grove,  111 

Ash  Grove,  Mo 

Ash  Grove,  Neb 

Ash  Hill,  Mo 

Ashippun,  Wis 

Ashkum,  111 

Ashkum,  111 

Ash  Lake,  Minn 

Ashland,  Ala 

Ashland,  Ala 

Ashland,  Ark 

Ashland,  Col 

Ashland,  111 

Ashland,  111 

Ashland,  Ind 

Ashland,  Kan 

Ashland,  Kan 

Ashland,  Ky 

Ashland,  Me 

Ashlitnd,  Mass 

Ashland,  Mich 

Ashland,  Minn 

Ashland,  Miss 

Ashland,  Mo 

Ashland,  Neb 

Ashland,  Neb 

Ashland,  Neb 

Ashland,  N.H 

Ashland,  N.Y 

Ashland,  N.Y 

Ashland,  0 

Ashland,  Ore 

Ashland,  Ore 

Ashland,  Pa 

Ashland,  Pa 

Ashland,  Va 

Ashland,  Va 

Ashland,  Wis 

Ashland,  Wis 

Ashland  City,  Tenn.. 

Ashley,  Ark 

Ashley,  Ark 

Ashley,  111 

Ashley,  111 

Ashley,  Mich 

Ashley,  Minn 

Ashley,  Mo 

Ashley,  Mo 

Ashley,  0 

Ashley,  Pa 

Ashley,  Utah 

Asbmore,  111... 

Ashmore,  III 

Ash  Rock,  Kan 

Ashtabula,  0 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township; 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-di.st 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill     I 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 


aare 

Kanabec 

Traverse 

Cass 

Chippewa 

Big  Stone 

Potter 

Pierce 

Grand  Forks.... 

Baraga 

Osage 

Gallatin 

Monroe 

Barry 

Clark 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Worth 

Worcester 

Bibb 

Middlesex 

Grant 

Grant 

Moore 

Rockingham.... 

Shenandoah 

Hopkins 

Meade 

Pitkin 

Pitkin 

Clearfield 

Clay 

Mitchell 

Buncombe , 

Buncombe 

Fitinklin 

Windham 

Cattaraugus.. .. 

Fond  du  Lac.. 

Iroquois 

Shelby 

Greene 

Franklin 

Butler 

Dodge 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Lincoln 

Clay 

Clay 

Lawrence 

Washington.. .. 

Cass 

Cass 

Morgan 

Clark 

Riley 

Boyd 

Aroostook 

Middlesex 

Newaygo 

Dodge 

Benton 

Boone 

Boone 

Saunders 

Saunders 

Grafton 

Chemung 

Greene 

Ashland 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Clarion 

Schuylkill 

Hanover 

Hanover 

Ashland 

Aahlaud 

Cheatham 

Independence. 

Pulaski 

Washington.... 

Washington.... 

Gratiot 

Steams 

Pike 

Pike 

Delaware 

Luzerne 

Uinta 

Coles 

Coles 

Rooks 

Ashtabula 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


100 
857 


2,262 
373 


867 
708 
299 


432 
7,324 
3,474 

684 
2,712 


630 
693 
6,568 
2,616 
1,066 
1,041 
1,813 
2,038 
1,612 
1,574 
600 


597 

1,369 

1,847 

245 

155 

2,178 

387 

220 


609 
10,71 


266 

3,280 

606 

2,394 

1,346 

589 

174 

371 

250 

1,118 

978 

960 

1,149 

899 

3,004 

1,391 

842 

1,054 

6,052 

6,494 

764 

951 


170 

948 

1,193 


950 


247 

1,425 
407 
483 

2,799 
799 

2,246 
403 
485 

5,622 

51 


168 

707 

321 

129 

622 

370 

126 

298 

259 

209 

770 

1,163 

1,991 

652 

6« 

729 

1,079 

610 

403 

2,074 

1,418 

825 

231 

26 

602 

7,533 

3,734 

?800 

2,786 

80 

41 

786 

?600 

702 

14,996 

10,235 

1,025 

778 

1,710 

1,868 

1,558 

1,437 

1,350 

354 

784 

1,344 

1,8.37 

3(X) 

273 

2,848 

635 

435 

96 

1,477 

1,045 

1,122 

459 

281 

4,195 

568 

2,532 

1,489 

552 

138 

373 

291 

1,822 

1,601 

1,193 

983 

787 

3,666 

2,641 

1,784 

1,268 

7,346 

5,241 

948 

1,507 

9,966 

368 

860 

1,370 

1,668 

1,035 

711 

494 

1,289 

3t>U 

628 

3,192 

776 

2,101 

446 

401 

10,246 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Ashtabula,  0 

AshtoD,  111 

Ashton,  111 

Ashton,  Iowa 

Ashton,  Iowa 

Ashton,  Neb 

Ashton,  S.D 

Ash  Valley,  Kan 

AshTille,  Ala 

Ashville,  0 

Ashville,  Pa 

Ashwaubenon.Wis 

Askew,  Ga 

Askinaghamute,  Alas. 

Asotin,  Wash 

Asotin,  Wash 

Aspen,  Col 

Aspermont,  Tex 

Aspinwall,  Neb 

Assaria,  Kan 

Assumption,  111 

Assumption,  111 

Assyria,  Mich 

Astabula,  Fla. 

Aston,  Pa 

Astor,  Fla 

Astoria,  111 

Astoria,  111 

Astoria,  Ore 

Astoria,  Ore 

Asylum,  Pa 

Atchalugumute,  Alas.. 

Atcher,  Ky 

Atchison,  Kan 

Atchison,  Mo 

Atchison,  Mo 

Atglen,  Pa 

Athalia,  0 

Athelstane,  Kan 

Athena,  Ore 

Athens,  Ala 

Athens,  Ala 

Athens,  6a 

Athens,  Ga 

Athens,  111 

Athens,  Iowa 

Athens,  Kan 

Athens,  Ky 

Athens,  Ky 

Athens,  Me 

Athens,  Mich 

Athens,  Mich 

Athens,  Minn 

Athens,  Mo 

Athens,  N.Y 

Athens,  N.Y 

Athens,  0 

Athens,  0 

Athens,  0 

Athens,  Pa 

Athens,  Pa 

Athens,  Pa 

Athens,  Tenn 

Athens,  Tex 

Athens,  Vt 

Athensville,  111 

Atherton,  Mich 

Atherton,  Minn 

Athol,  Mass 

Athol,  S.D 

Atka,  Alaska 

Atkins,  Ala 

Atkins,  Ark 

Atkinson,  Ala 

Atkinson,  III 

Atkinson,  111 

Atkinson,  Me 

Atkinson,  Md 

Atkinson,  Neb 

Atkinson,  N.H„ 

Atlanta,  6a 

Atlanta,  Idaho 

Atlanta,  111 

Atlanta,  III 

Atlanta,  Kan 

Atlanta,  Minn 

Atlanta,  Neb 

Atlanta,  Tex 

Atlantic,  Iowa 

Atlantic,  Iowa 

Atlantic,  N.J 

Atlantic,  N.C , 

Atlantic,  Va 

Atlantic  City,  N. J , 

Atlantic      Highlands, 
N.J 

62 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


Ashtabula... 

Lee 

Lee 

Monona 

Osceola 

Sherman ..., 

Spink 

Pawnee 

Saint  Clair.. 
Pickaway... 

Cambria 

Brown 

Morgan 


Asotin 

Asotin 

Pitkin 

Stonewall., 
Nemaha.... 

Saline 

Christian.. 
Christian.. 

Barry 

Lake 

Delaware.. 

Lake 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Clatsop 

Clatsop 

Bradford .. 


post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

hamlet 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 


township    Monmouth. 


Hardin 

Atchison 

Clinton 

Nodaway.... 

Chester 

Lawrence... 

Clay  

Umatilla.... 
Limestone.. 
Limestone.. 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Menard 

Ringgold.... 

Jewell 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Somerset.... 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Isanti 

Gentry 

6reene 

Greene 

Athens 

Athens 

Harrison 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford.... 
McMinn..... 
Henderson.. 
Windham.., 

Greene 

Oscoda. 

Wilkin 

Worcester... 
Spink 


Henry 

Pope 

Barbour 

Henry 

Henry 

Piscataquis.. «. 

Worcester 

Holt 

Rockingham. 

Fulton 

Elmore 

Logan 

Logan 

Bice 

Becker 

Saline 


Case 

Cass 

Monmouth.. 
Currituck... 
Accomack.. . 
Atlantic 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


4,445 

1,008 

646 

276 


1,443 


404 
532 


735 

56 

1,768 

706 
1,244 


2,401 


2,652 
1,280 
3,981 
2,803 
1,247 


1,000 

15,105 

1,407 

1,389 

347 

261 

460 


1,011 

7,463 

6,099 

410 

834 

746 

2,545 


1,310 

1,645 

597 

46 

3,045 

3,065 

2,106 

4,517 

2,467 

1,221 

2,402 

1,592 

1,419 

1,100 

368 

284 


95 
4,307 


519 

1,065 

1,423 

604 

828 

1,620 


502 
37,409 


1,932 

1,368 

1,335 

241 

554 

396 

4,544 

3,662 

1,743 

332 

4,974 

6,477 


8,338 

1,031 

680 

813 

309 

645 

369 

180 

2,017 

430 

289 

479 

654 

138 

635 

200 

6,108 

205 

836 

180 

2,096 

1,076 

1,074 

66 

2,454 

119 

2,560 

1,367 

7,127 

6,184 

1,043 

39 

963 

13,963 

1,440 

1,601 

397 

199 

613 

495 

3,099 

940 

9,334 

8,639 

944 

1,041 

601 

2,667 

173 

1,072 

1,469 

441 

421 

3,384 

2,876 

2,024 

6,016 

2,620 

1,195 

4,748 

3,274 

1,244 

2,224 

1,036 

206 

1,425 

99 

210 

6,319 

251 

132 

804 

660 

1,228 

1,187 

634 

605 

1,369 

701 

483 

66,533 

96 

1,698 

1,178 

679 

345 

818 

1,764 

4,351 

4,.35l 

1,605 

504 

6,904 

13,056 

945 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Atlas,  111 

Atlas,  Mich 

Atnik,  Alaska 

Atrisco,  N.M 

Attalla,  Ala 

Attalla,  Ala 

Attapulgus,  6a 

Attica,  Ind 

Attica,  Kan 

Attica,  Kan 

Attica,  Mich 

Attica,  0 

Attica,  N.7 

Attica,  N.Y 

Attlebo  rough.  Mass 

Attn,  Alaska 

Atwater,  Minn 

Atwater,  O 

Atwell,  N.C 

Atwood,  111 

Atwood,  III 

Atwood,  Kan 

Atwood,  Kan 

Atwood,  Pa 

Aubbeenaubbee,  Ind.... 

Aubrey,  Kan 

Auburn,  Ala 

Auburn,  Ala 

Auburn,  Ark 

Auburn,  Cal 

Auburn,  111 

Auburn,  111 

Auburn,  III 

Auburn,  Ind 

Auburn,  Iowa. 

Auburn,  Iowa 

Auburn,  Kan 

Auburn,  Ky 

Auburn,  Me 

Auburn,  Mass 

Auburn,  Neb 

Auburn,  N.H 

Auburn,  N.Y 

Auburn,  O 

Auburn,  0 

Auburn,  0 

Auburn,  Ore 

Auburn,  Ore 

Auburn,  Pa 

Auburn,  Pa 

Auburn,  S.D 

Auburn,  Va. 

Auburn,  Wis 

Auburn,  Wis 

Auburiidale,  0 

Auburndale,  Wis 

Auburndale,  Wis 

Aucilla,  Fla 

Auclote,  Fla 

Audubon,  III 

Audubon,  Iowa 

Audubon,  Iowa 

Audubon,  Ky„ 

Audubon,  Minn 

Audubon,  Minn 

Auglaize,  Mo 

Auglaize,  Mo 

Auglaize,  Mo 

Auglaize,  0 

Auglaize,  0 

Au  Gres,  Mich 

Augsburg,  Minn 

Augusta,  Ark 

Augusta,  Ark 

Augusta,  Ga 

Augusta,  HI 

Augusta,  III 

Augusta,  Iowa 

Augusta,  Kan 

Augusta,  Kan 

Augusta,  Ky 

Augusta,  Ky 

Augusta,  Me 

Augusta,  Mich 

Augusta,  Mich 

Augusta,  Minn 

Augusta,  Miss 

Augusta,  Mo 

Augusta,  Mont 

Augustfi,  N.Y 

Augusta,  0 

Augusta,  Wis 

Augustine,  Kan 

Auk,  Alas 

Aulander,  N.C 

Auraria,  Ga 


Bank  of 

place. 


post-twp 
post-twp 
hamlet 
precinct 
precinct 
post-vill 
mil.-dist 
post-town 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
village 
post-vill 
post-twp 
township 
village 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
township 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-town 
city 

post-town 
city 

post-town 
city 

township 
post-twp 
township 
post-prect 
precinct 
post-boro' 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-vill 
precinct 
township 
township 
post-town 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-vill 
city 

township 
Will 
■twp 


post- 


post  . ..  r 
township 


city 
mag. 
city 
city 
post 


;.-dist 


•vill 


township 
township 


beat 
post- 
post 
post- 
post 
city 
town 


•vill 
■prect 
•town 
-twp 

I  ship 


village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Pike 

Genesee.. 


Bernalillo.. 

Etowah , 

Etowah 

Decatur 

Fountain... 

Harper 

Sedgwick.., 

Lapeer 

Seneca 

Wyoming.. 
Wyoming.. 
Bristol 


Kandiyohi 

Portage 

Rowan 

Douglas 

Piatt 

Rawlins 

Rawlins 

Armstrong 

Fulton 

Johnson. „ 

Lee 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Placer 

Clark 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

DeKalb 

Fayette 

Sac 

Shawnee 

Logan 

Androscoggin... 

Worcester 

Nemaha 

Rockingham... 

Cayuga 

Crawford 

Oeauga 

Tuscarawas 

Baker 

Columbia 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna.... 

Campbell 

Montgomery.... 

Chippewa 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Lucas 

Wood 

Wood 

Jefferson 

Pasco 

Montgomery.... 

Audubon 

Audubon 

Henderson 

Becker 

Becker 

Camden 

Laclede 

Miller 

Allen. 

Paulding 

Arenac 

Marshall 

Woodruff 

Woodruff 

Richmond 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Des  Moines...... 

Butler 

Butler 

Bracken 

Bracken 

Kennebec 

Kalamazoo 

Washtenaw 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Perry 

Saint  Charles... 
Lewis  &  Clarke 

Oneida 

Carroll 

Eau  Claire... 
Logan 


Bertie 

Lumpkin.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,043 
1,346 


1,081 

351 

1,189 

2,150 


652 

449 

66;5 

3,099 

1,935 

11,111 


302 

1,147 

2,641 

212 

212 


149 

871 
1,216 
2,951 
1,161 
1,704 
1,229 

608 
2,080 

788 
1,542 
1,204 


844 

682 

9,555 

1.317 


719 

21,9z4 

1,179 

786 
1,400 

202 

740 
2,089 


3,547 
1,232 
1,651 


809 


1,413 

732 
792 


410 
91 
1,776 
1,001 
1,588 
1,749 
1,069 

316 


2,620 

702 

21,891 

1,893 

1,015 

564 

1,588 

922 

3,517 

1,282 

8.665 


1,640 

83 

885 

318 


2,171 
1,126 
1,116 


1,014 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


r  Anrelia,  Iowa 

Aurelius,  Mich 

Aureliua,  N.Y 

Aurelius,  O 

Aurora,  111 

Aurora,  111 

Aurora,  lud 

Aurora,  Kan 

Aurora,  Me 

Aurora,  Minn 

Aurora,  Mo 

Aurora,  Mo 

Aurora,  Nob 

Aurora,  Neb 

Aurora,  Nev 

Aurora,  N.T 

Aurora,  N.Y 

Aurora,  N.C 

Aurora,  0 

Aurora,  Ore 

Aurora,  S.D 

Aurora,  S.D 

Aurora,  Tex 

Aurora,  Wis 

Aurora  Springs,  Mo 

Au  Sable,  III 

Au  Sable,  Mich 

Au  Sable,  Mich 

Au  Sable,  N.Y 

Au  Sable  Forks,  N.Y.... 

Ausdal,  Minn 

Austell,  6a 

Austell,  Ga 

Austen,  W.  Va 

Austerlitz,  N.Y 

Austin,  Ga 

Austin,  111 

Austin,  111 

Austin,  Mich 

Austin,  Mich 

Austin,  Minn 

Austin,  Minn 

Austin,  Mo 

Austin,  Mo 

Austin,  Nev 

Austin,  Ore 

Austin,  Pa 

Austin,  S.C 

Austin,  Tex 

Austiuburg,  0 

Austiutown,  0 

Autaugaville,  Ala.... 

Au  Train,  Mich 

Auxvasse,  Mo 

Ava,  111 

Ava,  Mo 

Ava,  N.Y 

Avalon,  Mo 

Avena,  ID 

Avendale,  Col 

Avenue,  Pa 

Averasborough,  N.C 

Averill,  Vt 

Avery,  Ala 

Avery,  Iowa 

Avery,  Iowa 

Avery  Island,  La 

Avery's  Creek,  N.C. 

Avilla.  Ind 

Avilla,  Kan 

Avilla,  Kan 

Aviston,  111 

Avnuligmute,  Alas.. 

Avoca,  111 

Avoca,  Minn 

Avoca,  Neb 

Avoca,  Neb 

Avoca,  N.Y 

Avoca,  N.Y 

Avoca,  Pa 

Avoca,  Wis 

Avon,  Conn 

Avon,  111 

Avon,  111 

Avon,  Kan 

Avon,  Kan 

Avon,  Me 

Avon,  Mass 

Avon,  Mich 

Avon,  Minn 

Avon,  N.Y 

Avon,  N.Y 

Avon,  N.C 

Avon,  N.D 

Avon,  0 

Avon,  Wis 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

poat-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

ward 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Cherokee 

Ingham 

Cayuga 

Washington.. 

Kane 

Kane 

Dearborn 

Cloud 

Hancock 

Steele 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Esmeralda.... 

Cayuga 

Erie 

Beaufort.™.... 

Portage 

Marion 

Aurora 

Brookings 

Wise 

Wanshara 

Miller 

Grundy 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Clinton 

Essex 

Otter  Tail 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Preston 

Columbia 

Greene 

Cook 

Macon 

Mecosta 

Sanilac 

Mower 

Mower 

Cass 


Lander 

Grant 

Potter 

Greenville. . 

Travis 

Ashtabula... 
Mahoning... 

Autauga 

Alger 

Callaway... . 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Oneida 

Livingston.. 

Fayette 

Kit  Carson.. 
Alleghany. . 

Harnett 

Essex 

Bibb 

Hancock 

Humboldt... 

Iberia 

Buncombe. . 

Noble 

Comanche.., 
Comanche... 
Clinton , 


Livingston..., 

Murray 

Cass 

Cass , 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Luzerne 

Iowa 

Hartford , 

Fulton 

Lake 

Coffey , 

Sumner 

Franklin , 

Norfolk , 

Oakland , 

Stearns 

Livingston 

Livingston,,.,. 

Dare 

Grand  Forks,. 

Lorain 

Kock „, 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


226 

1,478 

1,954 

999 

13,960 

11,873 

4,435 

647 

212 

600 

1,181 


1,232 


341 
444 
2,723 
81 
666 
291 


1,081 


1,019 

22 

1,328 

2,980 

532 

464 


1,341 
898 

1,359 
944 
687 
691 
657 

2.305 

1,414 
214 

1,679 


2,294 

11,013 

1,208 

2,602 


2,098 
365 
134 

1,039 
256 

1,419 


415 

1,244 

48 

1,538 

378 

236 


787 
446 


367 


871 
136 
672 


1,843 
647 

1,913 
362 

1,067 
689 

1,016 
488 
324 
671 


2,275 

468 

3,469 

1,617 


2,067 
816 


663 

1,489 

1,793 

1,394 

22,259 

19,688 

3,929 

826 

175 

754 

6,075 

3,482 

2,584 

1,862 

225 

555 

3,266 

251 

619 

352 

117 

623 

372 

934 

421 

869 

170 

4,328 

2,532 

757 

787 

894 

582 

269 

1,142 

1,076 

4,061 

733 

696 

1,015 

770 

3,901 

1,395 

130 

1,215 

28 

1,679 

2,557 

14,575 

1,073 

1,668 

2,025 

284 

1,903 

807 

221 

860 

444 

1,428 

114 

1,453 

2,164 

43 

1,680 

627 

528 

339 

730 

676 

300 

34 

381 

30 

876 

170 

892 

166 

2,242 

953 

3,031 

278 

1,182 

692 

1,081 

745 

454 

439 

1,384 

1,946 

644 

3,179 

l,6.'i3 

353 

330 

1,769 

806 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Avondale,  Ala 

Avondale,  0 ..,. 

Avon  Park,  Fla 

Avon  Springs,  S.D 

Axtell,  Kan 

Axtell,  Neb 

Ayaktalik,  Alas 

Ayer,  Mass 

Ayers,  111 

Ayr,  Neb 

Ayr,  Neb 

Ayr,  N.D 

Ayr,  Pa 

Aziavigamute,  Alas 

Aztalan,  Wis 

Aztec,  N.M 

Azusa,  Cal 

Babylon,  N.Y 

Bachelor,  Kan 

Back  Creek,  N.C. 

Back  Creek,  Va 

Back  Swamp,  N.C 

Back  Swamp,  S.C 

Back  Swamp,  S.C 

Bacon,  Mo 

Bacon,  Va , 

Bacon  Level,  Ala 

Bad  Axe,  Mich 

Bad  Creek,  Ky 

Baden,  Pa 

Badger,  Iowa 

Badger,  Minn 

Badger,  Mo 

Badger,  S.D 

Badger,  S.D , 

Badito,  Col 

Bado  de  Juan  Pais,  K,M. 

Badus,  S.D 

Bagdad,  Fla 

Bagley,  Mich 

Baico,  Fla 

Bailey,  Ga 

Bailey,  N,C , 

Bailey's  Harbor,  Wis,. 

Bailey's  Mills,  Oa 

Baileysville,  W,Va 

Baileyton,  Ala 

Baileyville,  111 

Baileyville,  Me 

Bain,  Ark 

Bainbridge,  Ga 

Bainbridge,  Ga 

Bainbridge,  111 

Bainbridge,  111 , 

Bainbridge,  Ind .'. 

Bainbridge,  Ind 

Bainbridge,  Ky 

Bainbridge,  Mich. 

Bainbridge,  N.Y 

Bainbridge,  N.Y 

Bainbridge,  O 

Bainbridge,  Pa 

Baird,  Tex 

Baird  MiUs,  Ala 

Bairdstown,  Ga. 

Bairdstown,  0 

Bake  Oven,  Ore , 

Baker,  Ark 

Baker,  Ark 

Baker,  Ind 

Baker,  Ind 

Baker,  Iowa 

Baker,  Iowa 

Baker,  Iowa 

Baker,  Kan 

Baker,  Kan 

Baker,  Minn 

Baker,  Mo 

Baker,  Neb 

Baker,  Neb 

Baker,  S.D 

Baker.S.D 

Baker,  Wash 

Baker  City,  Ore 

Baker  City,  Ore 

Bnkersfield,  Cal 

Bakersfleld,  Vt 

Bakersville,  N.C 

Bakha,N.D 

Bala,  Kan 

Bald  Eagle,  Pa . 

Balderson,  Kan 

Bald  Hljl,  III 

Bald  Hill,  N.D 

Bald  Knob,  Ark 

Bald  Knob,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

village 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-Till 

village 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag,-di8t 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mil,-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Jefferson.. 
Hamilton. 
De  Soto,... 

Potter 

Marshall.. 
Kearney... 


Middlesex..., 
Champaign, 

Adams 

Adams. 

Cass 

Fulton 


Jefferson 

San  Juan 

Los  Angeles.. 

Suffolk 

Greenwood... 

Randolph 

Frederick 

Robeson 

Darlington,,, 

Florence 

Vernon 

Charlotte 

Randolph 

Huron 

Leslie 

Beaver 

Webster 

Polk 

Vernon 

Davison 

Kingsbury ,»,. 

Huerfano 

San  Miguel,,. 

Lake 

Santa  Rosa... 

Otsego 

Levy 

Laurens 

Nash 

Door 

Camden 

Wyoming 

Cullman 

Ogle 

Washington.. 

Garland 

Decatur 

Decatur , 

Schuyler 

Williamson... 

Dubois 

Putnam 

Christian 

Berrien 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Geauga 

Lancaster 

Callahan 

Mobile 

Oglethorpe...., 

Wood , 

Wasco 

Howard 

Lafayette 

Martin 

Morgan 

Guthrie 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Crawford 

Gove 

Stevens 

Linn 

Lincoln 

York 

Davison 

Kingsbury 

Whatcom 

Baker 

Baker „ 

Kern „. 

Franklin 

Mitchell 

Emmons. 

Riley 

Clinton 

Marshall. ...f.. 

Jefferson 

Griggs 

White 

Franklin.....^ 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,662 
""266 


1,881 


1,123 
128 


1,309 
*i"332 


704 
4,739 


1,188 
2,184 
1,420 
1,587 


1,517 

4,053 

876 

190 


400 

629 


675 


1,178 

1,124 

649 

819 

"301 
20s 
376 


3,556 

1,436 

1,205 

795 

2,039 

420 

2,302 

1,378 

1,924 

781 

683 

669 


400 
619 


206 


1,092 

466 

459 

202 

67 

2,612 


123 
1,175 


1,268 

801 

1,248 

2,469 


681 
939 


874 


666 
2,236 

68 


1,642 

4,473 

64 

138 

«43 

262 

106 

2,148 

719 

792 

173 

120 

1,331 

90 

1,349 

439 

1,851 

6,035 

688 

1,281 

2,149 

1,730 

596 

759 

2,127 

3,704 

1,093 

842 

224 

390 

849 

433 

983 

244 

706 

428 

305 

486 

623 

689 

348 

1,048 

1,244 

603 

664 

628 

1,037 

187 

226 

689 

3,021 

1,668 

1,262 

816 

2,385 

473 

1,249 

1,519 

2,117 

1,049 

654 

652 

860 

270 

711 

347 

163 

274 

602 

1,094 

669 

542 

632 

380 

3,866 

405 

98 

1,108 

93 

733 

339 

994 

349 

2,519 

2,604 

2,626 

1,162 

2,642 

193 

1,326 

818 

773 

936 

183 

866 

1,366 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bald  Mountain,  K.C.... 

Baldwin,  Fla 

Baldwin,  111 

Baldwin,  111 

Baldwin,  Iowa 

Baldwin,  Kan 

Baldwin,  Me 

Baldwin,  Mich 

Baldwin,  Mich 

Baldwin,  Mich 

Baldwin,  Minn 

Baldwin,  N.Y 

Baldwin,  N.C 

Baldwin,  Pa 

Baldwin,  Wis , 

Baldwin,  Wis. 

Baldwinsville,  N.Y 

Balkum,  Ala » 

Ball,  Ark 

Ball,  111 

Ball,  Mich 

Ballard,  Wash.  

Ballardsville,  Ky , 

BalIena,Cal 

Ball  Flat,  Ala. 

Ball  Ground,  Ga ~ 

Ball  Ground,  Ga 

Ball  Ground,  Ga 

Ball  Ground,  Ga. 

Ballona,  Cal 

Ball  Play,  Ala 

Ballston,  N.Y 

Ballston  Spa,  N.Y 

Balltown,  Ky 

Ballville,  0 

Balsam  Lake,  Wis 

Baltimore,  Del 

Baltimore,  Iowa 

Baltimore,  Md 

Baltimore,  Mich 

Baltimore,  0 

Baltimore,  Vt _.............., 

Bamberg,  S.C 

Bamberg,  S.C 

Bancroft,  Iowa. 

Bancroft,  Me 

Bancroft,  Mich 

Bancroft,  Minn 

Bancroft,  Mo 

Bancroft,  Neb 

Bancroft,  Neb , 

Bandana,  Ky 

Bandera,  Texas 

Bandon,  Minn 

Bandon,  Ore 

Bandon,  Ore 

Bandy,  N.C 

Bangor,  Ala 

Bangor,  Iowa - 

Bangor,  Me , 

Bangor,  Mich , 

Bangor,  Mich 

Bangor,  Mich 

Bangor.  Minn 

Bangor,  N.Y 

Bangor,  Pa 

Bangor,  8.D 

Bangor,  Wis 

Bangor,  Wis....; 

Banister,  Va 

Banister,  Va 

Banks,  Iowa , 

Banks,  Mich , 

Banks,  Pa 

Banks,  Pa 

Banks,  W.  Va 

Bannack,  Mont 

Banner,  Ark 

Banner,  Cal 

Banner,  Idaho 

lianner,  111 

Banner,  111 

Banner,  Iowa 

Banner,  Kan 

Banner,  Kan „...„ 

Banner,  Kan 

Banner,  Kan 

Banner,  Kan - 

Banner,  Neb 

Banner,  N.D 

Banner,  S.D 

Banner,  S.D 

Banning,  Cal 

Bannister,  Idaho 

Baraboo,  Wis 

Baraboo,  Wis 

54 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

po8t-twp 

hundred 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

I)Ost-prect 

township 

city 


County. 


Watauga 

Duval 

Bandolpb 

Randolph 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Cumberland... 

Delta. 

Iosco 

Lake 

Sherburne 

Chemung........ 

Chatham 

Alleghany 

St.  Croix , 

St.  Croix , 

Onondaga 

Henry 

Benton , 

Sangamon , 

Crawford 

King 

Oldham 

San  Diego 

Cherokee , 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Gilmer 

Murray 

Los  Angeles... 

Etowah , 

Saratoga. 

Saratoga „. 

Nelson 

Sandusky 

Polk 

Sussex 

Henry 


Barry 

Fairfield , 

Windsor 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Kossuth , 

Aroostook 

Shiawassee.... 

Freeborn 

Daviess 

Cuming 

Cuming , 

Ballard 

Bandera 

Renville 

Coos .* 

Coos 

Catawba 

Blount 

Marshall....... 

Penobscot 

Bay 

Van  Buren.... 
Van  Buren..., 

Pope 

Franklin 

Northampton 

Brookings 

La  Crosse 

La  Crosse , 

Halifax 

Pittsylvania.. 

Fayette 

Antrim 

Carbon 

Indiana 

Upshur , 

Beaver  Head. 

Saline , 

San  Diego - 

Boise , 

Effingham..... 

Fulton 

Woodbury. ... 

Dickinson 

Harper 

Pratt 

Rush 

Smith — 

Banner 

La  Moure 

Beadle 

Hyde 

San  Bernai'dino 
Lemhi.... 

Sauk 

Sauk 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


310 


1,564 
271 
322 
325 

1,123 
295 

1,248 
165 
256 
968 

1,963 

4,373 

1,228 
591 

2,121 


1,049 

1,045 

66 


798 


692 


760 
1,170 
2,493 

417 
2,035 
3,011 
1,128 
1,652 

367 
4,132 
1,275 
332,313 
1,368 

489 

71 

3,479 

648 


220 

387 

959 

97 


454 

91 


1,025 


757 
16,856 

271 
2,572 
1,102 


2,440 
1,328 


1,196 
453 

4,262 

4,253 
520 
611 

4,018 
919 

1,915 


335 


657 

1,276 

64 

523 


1,328 
3,266 


376 

425 

1,353 

298 

227 

935 

932 

385 

2,485 

429 

285 

733 

2,068 

4,860 

1,796 

482 

3,040 

1,111 

554 

1,082 

95 

1,173 

680 

320 

925 

1,155 

296 

511 

935 

4,492 

541 

2,059 

3,527 

1,062 

1,670 

431 

3,913 

1,064 

434,439 

1,266 

506 

64 

3,881 

696 

657 

264 

642 

879 

101 

817 

344 

148 

372 

827 

488 

219 

1,177 

286 

619 

19,103 

745 

2,384 

904 

280 

2,445 

2,5(J9 

213 

1,138 

499 

6,604 

4,245 

668 

802 

4,461 

1,485 

2,577 

203 

436 

150 

117 

612 

953 

469 

728 

629 

281 

243 

483 

285 

77 

181 

63 

201 

&b 

1,386 

4,605 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Barada,  Neb 

Baraga,  Mich 

Barbecue,  N.C 

Barber,  Ark 

Barber,  Minn 

Barber  Creek,  Ga. 

Barbour,  Va 

Barboursville,  Ky 

Barboursville,  Ky 

Barboursville,  W.  Va... 

Barclay,  Iowa 

Barclay,  Kan 

Barclay,  Pa 

Barclay,  Pa 

Barco,  Fla 

Bardolph,  III 

Bardstown,  Ky 

Bardstown,  Ky „ 

Bardstown,  Ky 

Bardwell,  Ky 

Bardwell,  Ky - 

Barela,  Col 

Barelas,  N.M 

Baring,  Me 

Baring,  Mo 

Bark  Camp,  Ga 

Barker,  Ark 

Barker,  Ga 

Barker,  Ga 

Barker,  N.Y 

Barker,  W.  Va 

Barker  Creek,  N.C 

Barker  Mill,  Fla 

Barker  Mills,  Ky- 

Barker  Ridge,  W.  Va... 

Barkhamsted,  Conn 

Barkley,  Ind 

Bark  River,  Mich 

Barlow,  Ky 

Barlow,  O 

Barn,  Ky 

Barnard,  Mo 

Barnard,  Vt 

Barnes,  Ark 

Barnes,  Iowa 

Barnes,  Kan 

Barnes,  N.D 

Barnes,  Wash 

Barnes  Creek,  La. 

Barnes'  Cross  R'ds.Ala.. 

Barnesville,  Ga. « 

Barnesville,  Ga 

Barnesville,  Md 

Barnesville,  Minn 

Barnesville,  Minn 

Barnesville,  O 

Bamet,  Vt 

Barnett,  Ga 

Barnett,  111 

Barnett,  Pa. 

Barnett,  Pa 

Barnett's  Creek,  Ky 

Barnhill,  111 

Barnhill,  O 

Barnstable,  Mass 

Barnstead,  N.H 

Barnston,  Neb 

Barnum,  Minn 

Barnwell,  S.C 

Barnwell,  C.-H.,  S.C 

Barr,  Col 

Barr,  III 

Barr,  Ind 

Barr,  Pa 

Barraque,  Ark 

Barre,  Mass 

Barre,  N.Y 

Barre,  Vt 

Barre,  Vt 

Barre,  Wis 

Barree,  Pa 

Barren,  Ark.... 

Barren,  Ark 

Barren,  111 

Barren  Creek,  Ark 

Barren  Creek,  Md 

Barren  Fork,  Ark. 

Barrett,  Ga 

Barrett,  Kan 

Barrett,  Mont 

Barrett,  Pa 

Barrett,  S.D 

Barrie,  N.D 

Barriens,  N.C 

Barringer,  N.C 

Harrington,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

district  (1) 

district  (9) 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

miL-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

ward 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-dist 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 

Population, 

1880. 

1890. 

Richardson 

1,207 
400 
765 

1,670 

1,090 

1,0.34 

515 

Scott 

Faribault 

649 

850 

2,195 

2,641 

250 

1,644 

774 

509 

2,634 

1,143 

698 

Clarke  

943 

2,020 

Knox 

3,746 

1,162 

Cabell 

1,838 

Hawk 

774 

721 

1,436 

Bradford 

829 

348 

McDonough.... 

409 
2,075 
2,365 
1,803 

447 
'  2,415 

1,727 

1,524 

Carlisle 

2,348 
578 

Carlisle 

155 

642 

Washington 

303 

273 
266 

Hall 

836 

841 

Crawford 

486 

Floyd. 

2,516 

2,340 

Forsyth 

609 

1,333 

2,561 

483 

1,100 

1,726 

536 

157 

1,922 

Wyoming 

Litchfield 

596 
1,297 
1,018 

867 
1,130 
1,093 

Delta 

706 

Ballard 

2,363 

1,200 

1,053 

424 

1,191 

640 

315 

3,231 

Washington 

1,271 
1,270 

427 

Windsor 

Woodruff. 

Buena  Vista 

Washington 

918 
560 
796 
916 

270 

182 

1,176 

912 

3,896 

1,962 

1,645 

Dale 

1,096 

Pike 

3,466 

Pike 

1,839 

Montgomery ... 
Clay 

1,876 
141 

Clay 

1,069 

2,435 

1,907 

79 

1,128 

615 

296 

1,450 

3,463 

■■■4242 
1,296 

3,207 

Caledonia 

1.897 
'  73 

De  Witt 

1,206 

850 

360 

1,536 

1,181 

Tuscarawas 

Barnstable 

969 
4,023 
1,264 

939 

Carlton 

49 

2,306 

648 

417 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

2,994 
937 
291 

Macoupin 

1,135 

3,129 

899 

601 

2,419 

2,325 

2,060 

1,025 

656 

1,085 

865 

467 

746 

600 

1,648 

1,088 
3,551 

920 

1,367 

Worcester 

2,239 
2,164 

Washington 

Washington 

La  Crpsse 

Huntingdon.... 
Independence.. 

6,812 

4,146 

670 

601 

1,003 

535 

846 

Baxter  

655 

Wicomico 

1,576 
385 

600 

523 

486 

Beaver  Head.... 

"i','u9 

102 
947 

Beadle     

170 

309 

408 

Iredell 

1,290 
1,593 

1,399 

Cook 

1,742 

CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Barrington,  III 

Barrington,  111 

Barriugton,  N.H 

BarriugtoD,  N.Y 

Barrington,  B.I 

Barron,  Wis 

Barron,  Wis 

Barrows,  Ga..i 

Barry,  III 

Barry,  111 

Barry,  Mich 

Barry,  Pa 

Barsuess,  Minn 

Barstow,  Cal 

Bart,  Pa 

Bartholomew,  Ark 

Bartholomew,  Ark 

Bartlett,  111 

Bartlett,  Neb 

Bartlett,  N.H , 

Bartlett,  N.D , 

Bartlett,  Tex 

Bartlett  &  Stowe,  Minn 
Bartlett  Bay,  Alaska... 

Bartley,  Neb 

Bartley,  N.D 

Bartlow.O 

Barton,  Ala , 

Barton,  Ind , 

Barton,  Iowa 

Barton,  Md 

Barton,;Mich 

Barton,  N.Y 

Barton,  N.D 

Barton,  Vt 

Bai-t«n,  Vt 

Barton,  Wis 

Barton  City,  Mo 

Barton  Creek,  N.C 

Barton  Cross  R'ds,  Ala.. 
Barton  Landing,  Vt, 

Bartow,  Fla 

Bartow,  Ga 

Bartow,  Ga 

Basco,  111 

Bashaw,  Minn 

Bashaw,  Wis 

Bashi,  Ala 

Basil,  O 

Basin,  Mont 

Baskinville,  Pa. 

Bassett,  Neb 

Bassettville,  Kan 

Bassinger,  Fla 

Bass  River,  N.J 

Bass  Station,  Ala 

Bassville,  Fla 

Bastress,  Pa 

Bastrop,  Tex 

Batavia,  111 

Batavia,  111 

Batavia,  Iowa 

Batavia,  Mich 

Batavia,  N.Y 

Batavia,  N.Y 

Batavia,  0 

Batavia,  O 

Bates,  Ark 

Bates,  Col 

Bates,  Mich 

Bates,  S.C 

Bates,  S.D 

Batesburg,  S.C 

Batcsville,  Ark 

Batesville,  Ga 

Batesville,  Ind 

Batesville,  Miss 

Batesville,  0 

Batesville,  Utah 

Bath,  111 

Bath,  111 

Bath,  Ind 

Bath,  Iowa 

Bath,  Me 

Bath,  Mich 

Bath,  Minn 

Bath,  N.H 

Bath,  N.Y 

Bath,  N.Y 

Bath,  N.C 

Bath,0 

Bath,  O 

Bath,0 

Bath,  Pa 

Bath,  S.D 

Bath,  W.  Va 


poflt-vill 

village 

post-town 

post-twp 

poet- town 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

district 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

village 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-tcrwn 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post  twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Cook 

Lake 

Strafford 

Yates 

Bristol 

Barron 

Barron 

Jones 

Pike 

Pike 

Barry 

Schuylkill... 

Pope 

San  Bernardino 
Lancaster.... 

Drew 

Lincoln 

Cook 

Wheeler 

Carroll 

Ramsey 

Williamson. 
Todd 


Bed  Willow 

Griggs 

Henry 

Colbert 

Gibson 

Worth 

Alleghany 

Newaygo 

Tioga 

Pierce,. 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Washington 

Barton 

Wake 

Walker. 

Orleans 

Polk 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Hancock 

Brown 

Washburn 

Clarke 

Fairfield 

Jefferson 

Perry 

Rock..... 

Decatur 

Osceola 

Burlington 

Jackson 

Osceola 

Lycoming 

Bastrop 

Kane 

Kane 

Jefferson 

Branch 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Clenuont 

Clermont 

Sebastian 

Arapahoe 

Iron 

Greenville 

Hand 

Lexington 

Independence... 

Habersham 

Bipley 

Panola 

Noble 

Tooele 

Mason 

Mason 

Franklin 

Cerro  Gordo 

Sagadahoc 

Clinton 

Freeborn 

Grafton 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Beaufort 

Allen 

Greene 

Summit 

Northampton... 

Brown 

Morgan 


Fopalation. 


1880.      1890. 


610 

610 

1,497 

1,478 

1,369 

170 

183 

686 

2,610 

1,392 

1,329 

1,041 

282 


1,381 


800 
176 


1,044 


1,064 
907 

1,956 
525 

1,937 
638 

5,825 


2,364 
742 

1,275 
604 

1,539 


378 

77 

2,492 

248 


295 


710 
287 


358 
""441 

i,006 


235 
1,546 
3,318 
2,639 

328 
1,305 
7,516 
4,854 
3,787 
1,015 
1,090 


2,166 


286 

1,264 

682 


442 

369 

145 

1,541 

439 

751 

411 

7,874 

1,357 

919 

1,032 

7,390 

3,183 

2,768 

1,532 

2,693 

1,039 

698 


1,161 


848 

848 

1,408 

1,393 

1,461 

400 

829 

977 

2,322 

1,3.54 

1,221 

913 

369 

114 

1,292 

2,176 

1,156 

263 

206 

1,247 

208 

206 

670 

40 

220 

101 

2,270 

1,214 

2,007 

598 

2,242 

773 

6,120 

305 

2,217 

778 

1,169 

938 

1,543 

583 

482 

1,386 

2,842 

437 

327 

410 

394 

859 

406 

270 

514 

681 

256 

143 

853 

1,021 

517 

236 

1,634 

4,292 

3,543 

307 

1,210 

9,341 

7,221 

3,502 

953 

788 

80 

594 

2,344 

140 

528 

2,150 

734 

1,169 

705 

327 

117 

1,303 

384 

658 

516 

8,723 

1,224 

899 

935 

7,881 

3,261 

3,691 

1,448 

2,307 

990 

723 

486 

1,529 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bath  Beach,  N.Y 

Bathgate,  N.D 

Bathgate,  N.D 

Bath-on-the-Hudson, 

N.Y 

Batie,  Ark 

Batin,  Neb 

Baton  Rouge,  Ky 

Baton  Rouge,  La 

Baton  Rouge,  S.C 

Batson,  Ark 

Battelle,  W.  Ya 

Battery  Bock,  111 , 

Battle,  ilowa 

Battle  Creek,  Iowa 

Battle  Creek,  Kan 

Battle  Creek,  Mich 

Battle  Creek,  Mich 

Battle  Creek,  Neb 

Battle  Creek,  Neb 

Battle  Ground,  Idaho.., 

Battle  Ground,  Ind 

Battle  Hill,  Kan 

Battle  Mountain,  Nev., 

Battle  Plain,  Minn 

Battle  Bun,  Ky 

Battles  Wharf.  Ala 

Battletown,  Va 

Baughnian,  0 

Baugo,  Ind 

Baxley,  Ga 

Baxter,  Ark 

Baxter,  Minn 

Baxter  Springs,  Kan.... 

Bay,  Ga 

Bay,  Mich 

Bay,  0 

Bay,  Ore 

Bayard,  Iowa 

Bayard,  Neb 

Bayborough,  N.C 

Bayborough,  S.C 

Bay  City,  Mich 

Bay  Creek,  Ga 

Bay  de  Noc,  Mich 

Bayfield,  Wis 

Bayfield,  Wis 

Bay  Hill,  &c.,  Fla 

Bay  Horse,  Idaho 

Bay  Hundred,  Md 

Baylis,  111 

Baylisfl,  Ark 

Bay  Minette,  Ala 

Bayonne,  N.J 

Bayou,  Ark 

Bayou,  Ark 

Bayou,  Mo 

Bayou  Goula,  La 

Bayou  Labatre,  Ala 

Bayou  Maco,  Ark 

Bayou  Metoe,  Ark 

Bayou  Metoe,  Ark 

Bayou  San  Miguel,  La.. 

Bayou  Sara,  La , 

Bayou  Scie,  La 

Bay  Ridge,  N.Y 

Bay  Saint  Louis,  3Iis8. 
Bay  Saint  Louis,  Miss. 

Bay  Shore,  N.Y 

Baytown,  Minn 

Bay  View,  Wis 

Bazaar,  Kan 

Bazetta,  0 

Bazille,  Neb 

Bazine,  Kan 

Beach  Grove,  Ala. , 

Beacon,  Iowa 

Beacon  Falls,  Conn 

Beale,  Pa 

Beallsville,  0 

Beallsville,  Pa 

Beaman,  Iowa 

Bean  Blossom,  Ind 

Bear,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ala 

Bear  Creek,  Ala 

Bear  Creek,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Idaho 

Bear  Creek,  111 

Bear  Creek,  111 

Bear  Creek,  111 

Bear  Creek,  Ind 

Bear  Creek,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

post-town 

village 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

ward 

post-town 

post- ward 

post-vill 

beat 

city 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Kings 

Pembina . 
Pembina . 


Rensselaer ., 

Benton , 

Webster , 

Mercer , 

£.  Baton  Rouge 

Chester. 

Johnson 

Monongalia. 

Hardin 

Ida 

Ida 

Lincoln 

Calhoun , 

Calhoun 

Madison 

Madison 

Custer 

Tippecanoe., 
McPherson., 

Lander 

Rock 

Fleming 

Baldwin 

Clarke  

Wayne 

Elkhart 

Appling 

Garland 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Cherokee 

Bulloch , 

Charlevoix 

Ottawa 

Tillamook 

Guthrie 

Cheyenne 

Pamlico , 

Horry 

Bay 

Gwinnett 

Delta 

Bayfield 

Bayfield 

Sumter.., 

Custer 

Talbot 

Pike 

Pope.. 

Baldwin , 

Hudson 

Ashley 

Baxter , 

Ozark 

Iberville 

Mobile 

Chicot 

Arkansas 

Pulaski 

Sabine 

West  Feliciana. 

Sabine 

Kings 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Door 

Chase 

Trumbull 

Antelope 

Ness 

Walker 

Mahaska 

New  Haven 

Juniata 

Monroe 

Washington 

Grundy 

Monroe 

Montgomery.... 

Franklin 

Shelby 

Boone 

Lee 

Searcy 

Sevier 

Latah 

Christian 

Gallatin 

Hancock... 

Jay • 

Poweshiek 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,046 

1,114 

270 

689 

7,197 

3,659 

167 

2,293 

642 

148 

205 

459 

1,051 

7,063 


123 


501 
522 
142 


2,629 
2,473 
708 
110 
197 
483 
1,177 


509 

128 


1,270 

20,693 

1,271 


495 


1,645 


9,372 


433 
897 


452 

708 

"463 

1,161 

1,064 

710 

540 


2,435 
1,978 
1,615 
1,262 


1.096 
1,400 


731 


727 
379 

1,130 
391 
376 
201 

1,317 


813 
588 
269 
1792 
409 


1,390 
1,384 
1,188 
1,637 
1,984 

56 


1,619 
603 
377 

2,390 

1,116 

40S 

636 

10,478 

3,538 

322 

2,452 

896 

659 

387 

411 

952 

13,197 

785 

362 

122 

456 

429 

360 

248 

693 

1,314 

2,610 

1,961 

636 

337 

291 

676 

1,248 

1,755 

469 

648 

218 

348 

261 

252 

1,762 

27,839 

1,301 

478 

527 

1,373 

3,414 

237 

1,810 

368 

552 

1,022 

19,033 

266 

493 

1,759 

769 

501 

958 

620 

1,293 

1,209 

608 

888 

1,868 

3,095 

1,974 

2,290 

797 

386 

1,426 

1,298 

4()2 

563 

584 

570 

505 

932 

.512 

360 

262 

1,594 

250 

602 

1,373 

856 

267 

2238 

496 

907 

1,321 

1,748 

983 

1,843 

1,824 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bear  Creek,  Kan 

Bear  Creek,  Ky 

Bear  Creek,  Mich 

Bear  Creek,  Mo 

Bear  Creek,  Mo. 

Bear  Creek,  N.O 

Bear  Creek,  N.D 

Bear  Creek,  N.D 

Bear  Creek,  Ore 

Bear  Creek,  Ore 

Bear  Creek,  Pa 

Bear  Creek,  Wash 

Bear  Creek,  Wis 

Bear  Creek,  Wis 

Beard,  Ala 

Bearden,  Ark 

Beardstown,  111 

Bearfleld,  0 

Beargrass,  N.C 

Bear  Grove,  111 

Bear  Grove,  Iowa 

Bear  Grove,  Iowa 

Bearhouse,  Ark 

Bearhouse,  Ark 

Bear  Lake,  Mich 

Bear  Lake,  Mich 

Bear  Lake,  Mich 

Bear  Lake,  Pa 

Bear  Park,  Minn 

Bear  River,  Utah 

Bear  River  City,  Utah- 
Bear  Valley,  Cal 

Bear  Valley,  Ore 

Bear  Wallow,  Ark 

Beasley  Store,  Tenn 

Beasons,  Ala 

Beatrice,  Neb 

Beatrice,  Neb 

Beattie,  Kan 

Beattyville,  Ky 

Beaucephalia,  N.D 

Beaucoup,  111 

Beaucoup,  III 

Beaucoup,  111 

Beauford,  Minn 

Beaufort,  N.C 

Beaufort,  N.C 

Beaufort,  S.C 

Beaufort,  S.C 

Beaugrand,  Mich 

Beaulieu,  N.D 

Beaumont,  Cal 

Beaumont,  Kan 

Beaumont,  Tex 

Beauvais,  Mo 

Beaver,  Ark 

Beaver,  Ark 

Beaver,  Col 

Beaver,  111 

Beaver,  lud 

Beaver,  Ind 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Ky 

Beaver,  Mich 

Beaver,  Mich 

Beaver,  Minn 

Beaver,  Mo 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb 

Beaver,  0 

Beaver,  0 

Beaver,  0 

Beaver,  Ore 

56 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

tow^nship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 


County. 


Hamilton 

Lawrence , 

Bmmet 

Henry 

Montgomery. 

Chatham 

Dickey , 

Ransom......... 

Clatsop 

Crook , 

Luzerne 

Snohomish.... 

Sauk „., 

Waupaca 

Pickens 

Marion , 


Perry 

Martin 

Fayette 

Cass 

Guthrie 

Ashley 

Drew 

Charlevoix 

Manistee' 

Manistee 

Warren 

Norman 

Box  Elder 

Box  Elder 

San  Bernardino 

Grant 

Logan 

Trousdale 

Saint  Clair. 

Gage 

Gage 

Marshall 

Lee 

Foster 

Perry 

Washington 

Washington 

Blue  Earth 

Carteret 

Carteret 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Cheyboygan 

Pembina 

San  Bernardino 

Butler 

Jefferson 

Ste  Genevieve.. 

Saline 

Searcy 

Garfield 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Pulaski 

Boone 

Butler 

Dallas 

Grundy 

Guthrie 

Humboldt 

Polk 

Barton 

Cheyenne 

Cowley 

Decatur 

Lincoln 

Phillips 

Rawlins 

Republic 

Scott 

Smith 

Wichita 

Menifee 

Bay 

Newaygo 

Fillmore 

Taney 

Boone 

Buffalo 

Hamilton 

Nance 

Nuckolls 

Red  Willow 

Sheridan 

York 

Mahoning 

Noble 

Pike 

Crook 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


910 
2,763 

817 
2,811 
1,647 


984 
620 
350 

3,135 
997 
756 

1,186 
744 
688 
777 
590 
386 
777 
236 
154 


340 
340 


799 


3,386 

2,447 

270 


1,050 


598 
2,981 
2,009 
7,892 
2,549 

594 


1,722 
284 
261 


1,722 
898 
660 
540 
975 
755 
719 

1,300 
471 

1,372 
423 


718 
349 
472 


481 


1,362 


293 
351 
197 
667 
893 


725 


642 
417 


2,150 

1,829 

750 


142 

1,165 

4,025 

773 

2,643 

1,964 

195 

276 

170 

139 

343 

114 

883 

1,136 

722 

465 

4,226 

985 

764 

1,128 

770 

770 

948 

737 

190 

1,287 

432 

313 

531 

321 

321 

39 

188 

382 

828 

410 

13,836 

13,836 

648 

1,616 

44 

949 

934 

48 

725 

2,845 

2,007 

8,942 

3,587 

332 

738 

403 

157 

3,296 

1,760 

449 

387 

184 

1,500 

1,052 

818 

615 

1,074 

775 

805 

1,:J51 

711 

1,236 

350 

351 

782 

261 

293 

414 

246 

640 

215 

429 

229 

413 

879 

409 

665 

1,457 

793 

385 

935 

356 

2,151 

492 

184 

848 

2,001 

1,685 

862 

110 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Beaver,  Ore 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  S.D 

Beaver,  Utah 

Beaver,  W.Va 

Beaver,  Wis 

Beaver,  Wis 

Beaver  Bay,  Minn. .. 
Beaver  Cave,  Idaho.. 

Beaver  City,  Neb 

Beaver  City,  Neb 

Beaver  Creek,  Col.... 

Beaver  Creek,  111 

Beaver  Creek,  Md... 
Beaver  Creek,  Mich. 
Beaver  Creek,  Minn 
Beaver  Creek,  Minn 
Beaver  Creek,  Mont. 
Beaver  Creek,  Neb.., 
Beaver  Creek,  N.C... 
Beaver  Creek,  N.C... 

Beaver  Creek, O 

Beaver  Creek,  Ore... 

Beaver  Dam,  Ga 

Beaver  Dam,  Ky 

Beaver  Dam,  Md 

Beaver  Dam,  Mo i 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C  ... 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C.„.. 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  O 

Beaver  Dam,  Ore 

Beaver  Dam,  Va 

Beaver  Dam,  Wis.... 
Beaver  Dam,  Wis...., 
Beaver  Falls,  Minn.. 

Beaver  Falls,  Ore 

Beaver  Falls,  Pa 

Beaver  Island,  N.C. 
Beaver  Lake,  Mich.. 

Beaver  Lick,  Ky 

Beaver  Meadow,  Ala.... 
Bpaver  Pond,  W.Va..., 

Beaver  Slough,  Ore 

Beaver  Valley,  Col 

Becaria,  Pa , 

Becker,  Minn , 

Becker,  S.D 

Becket,  Mass , 

Beckwith,  Cal 

Beddington,  Me 

Bedford,  Ark , 

Bedford,  111 

Bedford,  Ind , 

Bedford,  Iowa 

Bedford,  Iowa 

Bedford,  Ky 

Bedford,  Ky , 

Bedford,  Mass 

Bedford,  Mich 

Bedford,  Mich , 

Bedford,  Mo 

Bedford,  Mont , 

Bedford,  Neb , 

Bedford,  N.H 

Bedford,  N.Y , 

Bedford,  O 

Bedford,  O 

Bedford,  0 , 

Bedford,  0 

Bedford,  Pa 

Bedford,  Pa 

Bedford  aty,  Va 

Bedminster,  Nj 

Bedminster,  Pa , 

Bed  Rock,  Idaho 

Bed  Rock,  Ore , 

Beebe,  Ark. , 

Beebe  Draw,  Col , 

Bee  Branch,  Mo 

Beech,  Ark , 

Beech  Creek,  Ark , 

Beech  Creek,  Ark 

Beech  Creek,  Ind 

Beech  Creek,  Pa 

Beech  Creek,  Pa 

Beecher,  111 

Beecher  Lake,  Wash. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

district 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

tow^nship 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

precinct 


County. 


Tillamook 

Beaver 

Clarion 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Snyder 

Miner 

Beaver 

Nicholas 

Clark 

Polk , 

Lake 

Bingham 

Furnas 

Furnas 

Fremont 

Hamilton 

Washington... 

Crawford 

Rock 

Rock 

Jefferson 

Webster 

Jones 

Wilkes 

Greene 

Clackamas 

Oglethorpe  .... 

Ohio 

Baltimore 

Butler 

Cherokee 

Cumberland-.. 

Haywood 

Pitt 

Richmond _ 

Watauga 

Allen 

Washington.... 

Hanover 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Renville 

Columbia , 

Beaver 

Stokes 

Ogemaw 

Boone 

Mobile 

Mercer 

Coos 

Kit  Carson , 

Clearfield 

Sherburne 

Roberts 

Berkshire 

Plumas 

Washington.... 

Cross 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Trimble 

Trimble 

Middlesex , 

Calhoun 

Monroe 

Lincoln 

Jefferson 

Nemaha 

Hillsborough... 
Westchester.... 

Coshocton 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

Meigs 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Nez  Perces 

Union 

White 

Weld 

Chariton 

Miller 

Ashley 

Clark 

Greene 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Will 

Siiuliomish 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,178 
3,585 
1,221 
1,136 
1,113 
1,407 


1,911 
263 
106 


591 
153 


1,199 


483 
37 


1,754 
973 

2,470 
496 

1,070 
146 


1,066 

1,222 

853 

l,66;i 


590 

648 

353 

588 

6,753 

1,405 

3,416 

585 


5,104 
1,409 


535 

18,53 

111 


1,461 
500 


1,123 

488 

129 

357 

1,652 

2,198 


1,763 
2,458 
197 
931 
1,304 
1,835 
2,704 


580 
1,204 
3,731 

921 
1,787 

766 
1,720 
2,685 
2,011 
2,191 
1,812 
2.482 


98 
428 


2,298 
720 
617 
654 

2,068 
800 
400 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  pluco  and 
state. 


Beech  Fork,  Tenn. ... 
Beech  Grove,  Tenn... 

Beech  Ridge,  111 

Beech  Springs,  S.C — 

Beekinan,  N.Y 

Beekmantown,  N.Y.. 

Beemer,  Neb 

Beemer,  Neb 

Bee  Ridge,  Mo 

Beersheba,  Ga 

Bee  Spring,  Ky 

Beetown,  Wis 

Beeville,  Tex 

Bebestian,  Ark 

Beirue,  Ark 

Belair,  La 

Belair,  Md 

Belair,  Md 

Belcher,  Ark 

Belcher,  Ga , 

Belcher,  Tex 

Belchertown,  Mass... 

Belding,  Mich 

Beldoc,  S.C 

Belen,  Miss 

Belen,  N.M 

Belen,  Tenn 

Belew  Creek,  N.C 

Belfast,  Me 

Belfast,  Minn 

Belfast,  N.T 

Belfast,  N.Y 

Belfast,  Pa 

Belfield,  Va 

Belfield,Va 

Belford,  N.D 

Belford,  S.B 

Belgium,  Minn.„ 

Belgium,  Wis 

Belgrade,  Me 

Belgrade,  Minn.. 

Belgrade,  Minn 

Belgrade,  Mo 

Bel  Green.  Ala 

Belknap,  111 

Belknap,  III 

Belknap,  Iowa 

Belknap,  Mich 

Belkofsky,  Alaska.... 

Bell,  Ga 

Bell,  Ga 

Bell,  Kan , 

Bell,  Pa 

Bell,  Pa 

Bell,  Pa 

Bell,  Tenn 

Bellair,  Iowa 

Bellaire,  0 

Bellbrook,  0 

Bellbuckle,  Tenn , 

Bell  Creek,  Neb 

Belle,  S.D 

Belle  Centre,  0 

Belle  Creek,  Minn..., 

Belle  Flower,  111 

Bellefontaine,  0 

Bellefonte,  Ala 

Bellefonte,  Ark 

Bellefonte,  Pa 

Bellefonte,  Va , 

Belle  Place,  La 

Belle  Plain,  111 

Belle  Plaine,  Iowa... 
Belle  Plaine,  Iowa... 
Belle  Plaine,  Kan.... 
Belle  Plaine,  Kan.... 
Belle  Plaine,  Kan.... 
Belle  Plaine,  Minn.. 
Belle  Plaine,  Minn.. 

Belle  Plaine,  S.D 

Belle  Plaine,  Wis 

Belle  Prairie,  111 

Belle  Prairie,  Kan... 
Belle  Prairie,  Minn.. 
Belle  Prairie,  Neb.... 

Belle  Prairie.S.D 

Belle  River,  Minn... 

Belle  Vernon,  Pa 

Belleview,  Fla 

Belleview,  111 

Belleview,  Ky 

Belleview,  Ky 

Belleview,  S.D 

Belleville,  Ala 

Belleville,  Ark 

Belleville,  111 

6 


Bank  of 
place. 


ciTil-dist 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

civll-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

clvil-dlst 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-ward 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Campbell 

Trousdale 

Alexander 

Spartanburg.... 

Dutchess 

Clinton 

Cuming 

Cuming 

Knox 

Henry 

Edmonson 

Grant 

Bee 

Ouachita 

Clark 

Plaquemines.... 

Harford 

Harford 

Prairie 

Decatur 

Montague 

Hampshire 

Ionia 

Barnwell 

Quitman 

Valencia 

Gibson 

Forsyth 

Waldo 

Murray 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Fulton 

Greensville 

Greensville 

Richland 

Aurora 

Polk 

Ozaukee 

Kennebec 

Nicollet 

Stearns 

Washington 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Pottawattamie 
Presque  Isle... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


Cherokee 

Foi-syth , 

Reno 

Clearfield , 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland 

Unicoi , 

Appanoose 

Belmont 

Greene 

Bedford , 

Burt 

Edmunds , 

Logan 

Goodhue 

McLean , 

Logan 

Jackson 

Boone , 

Centre 

Nottoway , 

Iberia 

Marshall 

Benton 

Benton 

Norton 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Scott 

Scott 

Spink 

Shawano 

Livingston 

Rush 

Morrison 

Fillmore 

Beadle.. 

Douglas 

Fayette 

Marion 

Calhoun ...', 

Boone 

Christian 

Miner 

Conecuh 

lYell 

Saint  Clair 


397 

567 

373 

5,257 

1,578 

2,644 


669 
732 
576 
1,530 
208 
800 


243 
900 


2,346 
562 


975 
1,010 
5,308 

193 
1,470 

406 

928 
3,024 


1,948 

1,321 

699 


489 
620 


1,000 
484 
348 
998 
887 

1,064 
396 
780 

8,025 
425 
298 
646 


434 
1,078 
1,282 
3,998 


1,379 
3,026 
3,626 
1,169 
1,055 


1,689 


1,564 
348 

1,054 
629 


736 
708 
265 
991 
472 


472 
1,164 


1,263 
713 


1,626 


350 

504 

371 

6,417 

1,113 

2,159 

794 

350 

623 

892 

855 

1,257 

1,311 

1,070 

553 

405 

6,890 

1,416 

391 

813 

516 

2,120 

1,730 

2,157 

184 

685 

919 

1,116 

5,294 

329 

1,500 

600 

895 

4,011 

493 

666 

356 

83 

1,690 

1,090 

1,232 

306 

l,05i3 

1,833 

1,086 

358 

1,164 

744 

185 

672 

539 

481 

1,484 

1,015 

1,168 

436 

1,293 

9,934 

350 

715 

1,471 

135 

927 

937 

1,294 

4,245 

1,519 

1,018 

3,946 

3,554 

1,368 

958 

2,623 

2,623 

266 

1,474 

659 

980 

814 

197 

1,028 

584 

201 

605 

956 

190 

711 

1,147 

130 

1,168 

806 

923 

308 

1,460 

247 

15.361 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Belleville,  HI 

Belleville,  Kan 

Belleville,  Kan 

Belleville,  Kan 

Belleville,  Mich 

Belleville,  N.J 

Belleville,  N.Y 

Belleville,  W.Va 

Belleville,  Wis 

Bellevue,  Idaho 

Bellevue,  Idaho 

Bellevue,  Iowa 

Bellevue,  Iowa 

Bellevue,  Ky 

Bellevue,  Ky 

Bellevue,  La 

Bellevue,  Mich 

Bellevue,  Mich.„ 

Bellevue,  Minn 

Bellevue,  Mo 

Bellevue,  Neb 

Bellevue,  0 

Bellevue,  0 

Bellevue,  Ore 

Bellevue,  Pa 

Bellevue,  Utah 

Bellevue,  Va 

Bellevue,  Wis 

Bellingham,  Mass 

Bellingham,  Minn.... 
Bellingham,  Wash.... 

Bell  Mines,  Ky 

Bellmont,  111 

Bellmont,  111 

Bellmont,  Kan , 

Bellmont,  N.D 

Bellows  Falls,  Vt 

Bell  Point,  Ky 

Bells,  S.C 

Bell's,  Tex 

Bell's  Depot,  Tenn.., 

Bell's  Depot,  Tenn.. 

Bell's  Landing,  Ala.. 

Bell's  Mills,  Ala 

Bellton,  Ga 

Bellville,  Fla 

Bellville,  Iowa 

Bellville,  0 

Bellville,  Tex 

Bellville  Mines,  Mo.- 

Bellwood,  Ga 

Bellwood,  Neb 

Bellwood,  Pa 

Belmond,  Iowa 

Belmond,  Iowa 

Belmont,  Ala 

Belmont,  Fla 

Belmont,  111 

Belmont,  Iowa 

Belmont,  Kan 

Belmont,  Kan 

Belmont,  Kan 

Belmont,  Me 

Belmont,  Mass 

Belmont,  Minn 

Belmont,  Neb 

Belmont,  N.H 

Belmont,  N.Y 

Belmont,  N.Y 

Belmont,  0 

Belmont,  S.D 

Belmont,  S.D 

Belmont,  Wis 

Belmont,  Wis 

Belmont,  Wis 

Belmore,  0 

Beloit,  Col 

Beloit,  Kan 

Beloit,  Kan 

Beloit,  Wis 

Beloit,  Wis 

Belpre,  Kan 

Belpre,  O 

Belpre,  0 

Belt,  Mont 

Belton,  Ga 

Belton,  Mo 

Belton,  S.C 

Belton,  S.C..» 

Belton,  Tex 

Beltahoover,  Pa. 

Belvidere,  111 

Belvidere,  HI 

Belvidere,  Iowa. , 

Belvidere,  Mich , 

Belvidere,  Minn 


Rank  of 

plsM;e. 


County. 


city 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post  vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 


Saint  Clair 

Chautauqua.... 

Republic 

Republic 

Wayne 

Essex 

Jefferson 

Wood 

Dane 

Logan 

Logan 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Bossier 

Eaton 

Eatom 

Morrison 

Washington.... 

Sarpy  

Huron 

Sandusky 

Yam  Hill 

Alleghany 

Washington.... 

Bedford 

Brown , 

Norfolk , 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Whatcom 

Crittenden , 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Rooks c 

Traill 

Windham 

Franklin 

Colleton 

Grayson 

Crockett 

Crockett 

Monroe 

Cleburne 

Hall 

Hamilton 

Pocahontas.... 

Richland 

Austin 

JsMper 

Fulton 

Butler 

Blair 

Wright 

Wright 

Sumter 

Hamilton 

Iroquois 

Warren 

Kingman 

Phillips 

Woodson 

Waldo 

Middlesex 

Jackson 

Otoe 

Belknap 

Alleghany 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Douglas 

Spink 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Portage 

Putnam 

Kit  Carson 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Rock 

Bock 

Edwards 

Washington... 

Washington... 

Cascade 

Banks 

Cass 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Bell 

Alleghany 

Boone > 

Boone 

Monona. 

Montcalm 

Goodhue 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


10,683 
1,262 
763 
238 
314 
3,004 
462 
218 


2,526 
1,681 
1,842 
1.460 


2,057 
628 
246 

1,027 
704 

3,052 

2,169 
346 
915 
68 


777 
1,223 


1,618 

1,661 

350 

240 


2,229 
249 

1,968 
65 

1,404 
540 

1,574 
576 
229 


373 
971 
500 


237 

42 

366 

497 


2,254 
736 

1,237 

1,250 
602 
513 
657 
620 

1,615 
369 
722 

1,226 
804 

2,008 
319 


1,244 
410 
535 
446 


2,793 

1,836 

707 

4,790 


2,636 
901 


229 
5.52 

2,181 
314 

1,797 
664 

3,940 

2,961 
304 
626 
960 

67 


16,361 

1,50« 

721 

1,868 

367 

3,4«7 

462 

208 

319 

1,094 

892 

2,286 

1,394 

3,425 

3,163 

212 

2,084 

914 

302 

858 

1,348 

2,169 

3,052 

370 

1,418 

35 

1,432 

838 

l,3;i4 

166 

293 

1,517 

1,493 

487 

330 

488 

3,092 

457 

2,509 

429 

1.706 

690 

1,639 

610 

211 

1,644 

676 

941 

807 

1,174 

687 

413 

1,146 

625 

803 

1,970 

617 

995 

1,288 

349 

410 

634 

475 

2,098 

628 

680 

1,142 

950 

2,263 

384 

347 

217 

1,185 

378 

622 

414 

97 

1,004 

2,456 

714 

6,315 

227 

2,678 

1,007 

375 

211 

988 

2,508 

494 

3,000 

2,009 

4,832 

3,867 

481 

1,027 

930 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Belvidere,  Neb 

BelTldere,  Neb 

Belvidere,  N.J 

BelTidere,  N.C 

Belvidere,  Vt 

Belvidere,  Wis 

Belroir,  N.C 

Belvue,  Kan 

Bement,  111 

Bement,  111 

Bendersville,  Pa 

Benedict,  Ark 

Benedict,  S.D 

Benedicta,  Me 

Benezett,  Pa 

Bengal,  Mich 

Benicia,  Cal 

Benicia,  Cal 

Benjamin,  Utah 

Benkleman,  Neb 

Benkleman,  Neb 

Ben  Lomond,  Ark 

Benner,  Pa 

Bennet,  Neb , 

Benuet,  Neb 

Bennett,  Kan 

Bennett  Bayou,  Ark..., 
Bennett  Springs,  S.C.... 

Bennettsville,  SO 

Bennettsville,  S.C 

Bennezette,  Iowa 

Bennington,  Idaho 

Bennington,  111 

Bennington,  Iowa 

Bennington,  Kan 

Bennington,  Kan 

Bennington,  Mich , 

Bennington,  Minn 

Bennington,  N.H 

Bennington.  N.Y 

Bennington,  0 

Bennington,  0 , 

Bennington,  Vt. 

Bennington,  Vt , 

Bennkelman,  Kan 

Benona,  Mich 

Bensalem,  N.C 

Bensalem,  Pa 

Bensenville,  111 , 

Ben  Smith,  Ga 

Benson,  Ala 

Benson,  Art 

Benson,  III 

Benson,  Ky 

Benson,  Minn 

Benson,  Minn 

Benson,  N.Y , 

Benson,  N.C 

Benson,  N.D 

Benson,  Utah 

Benson,  Vt 

Benson,  Vt 

Bentley,  Ark 

Bentley,  111 

Bentleyville,  Pa 

Benton,  Ala. 

Benton,  Ala 

Benton,  Ark 

Benton,  Ark 

Benton,  Ark 

Benton,  Cal 

Benton,  111 

Benton,  111 

Benton,  111 

Benton,  111 

Benton,  Ind 

Benton,  Ind 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa. 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa , 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Kan 

Benton,  Kan 

Benton,  Kan 

Benton,  Ky , 

Benton,  Ky 

Benton,  Me , 

Benton,  Mich 

Benton,  Mich 

Benton,  Mich 

Benton,  Minn 

68 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Thayer 

Thayer 

Warren 

Perquimans.... 

Lamoille 

Buffalo 

Pitt 

Pottawatomie.. 

Piatt 

Piatt 

Adams 

Faulkner 

Sanborn 

Aroostook 

Elk 

Clinton 

Solano 

Solano 

Utah 

Dundy 

Dundy 

Sevier 

Centre 

Fillmore 

Lancaster 

Kingman 

Fulton 

Barnwell 

Marlborough... 
Marlborough... 

Butler 

Bear  Lake 

Marshall 

Black  Hawk... 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Shiawassee 

Mower 

Hillsborough.. 

Wyoming 

Licking 

Morrow 

Bennington.... 
Bennington.... 

Cheyenne 

Oceana 

Moore 

Bucks 

Du  Page 

Gwinnett 

Clinton 

Cochise 

Woodford 

Franklin 

Swift 

Swift 

Hamilton 

Johnston 

Benson 

Cache 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Conway 

Hancock 

Washington.... 

Lowndes 

Lowndes 

Faulkner 

Fulton 

Saline 

Mono 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lake 

Massac 

Elkhart 

Monroe 

Benton 

Cass 

Des  Moines..... 

Fremont , 

Keokuk 

Lucas 

Ringgold 

Taylor 

Wayne 

Atchison 

Butler 

Hodgeman 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Kennebec 

Berrien 

Cheboygan.... 

Eaton 

Carver 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


805 
264 

1,773 

2,628 
400 
723 

2,593 
734 

2,030 
963 
331 


302 

835 

1,296 

2,067 

1,794 

150 


1,282 
602 
214 
185 
860 
2,079 
3,171 
343 
527 


964 
812 
832 


1,472 
541 
443 

2,365 
884 
936 

6.333 


877 
1,310 
2,217 

136 
1,727 
1,198 


287 
934 
406 
466 
402 


181 
1,104 
213 
362 
117 
263 
1,094 


600 

1,206 

452 

166 

2,419 

984 

592 

670 

1,567 

925 

551 

698 

1,271 

1,119 

1,082 

713 

760 

2,468 

856 


697 


1,342 
277 
1,173 
2.139 
793 
1,783 
1,262 


1,435 

359 

1,768 

2,596 

671 

750 

1,340 

784 

2,487 

1,129 

370 

700 

261 

317 

1,025 

1,154 

2,951 

2,361 

417 

749 

357 

655 

1,222 

628 

474 

786 

767 

2,284 

3,844 

978 

580 

295 

919 

715 

800 

390 

1,298 

495 

642 

2,029 

792 

1,106 

6,391 

3,971 

386 

1,164 

1,884 

2,499 

295 

1,309 

1,590 

348 

338 

843 

474 

877 

322 

191 

23 

169 

880 

52 

547 

144 

229 

942 

266 

1,013 

1,110 

647 

295 

2,312 

939 

620 

795 

1,372 

1,018 

497 

769 

1,020 

912 

15,76 

627 

749 

463 

693 

1,696 

849 

67 

1,529 

344 

1,136 

6,550 

770 

1,637 

1,175 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Benton,  Minn 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Neb 

Benton,  N.H 

Benton,  N.Y 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  Pa 

Benton,  Pa 

Benton,  8.D 

Benton,  S.D 

Benton,  S.D 

Benton,  Tenn 

Benton,  Tex 

Benton,  Wis 

Benton,  Wis 

Benton  City,  Mo 

Benton  Harbor, Mich.. 

Benton  Ridge,  0 

Bentonsport,  Iowa 

Bentonville,  Ark 

Bentonville,  N.C 

Bentru,N.D 

Ben  Wade,  Minn 

Benwood,  W.Va 

Benzinger,  Pa 

Benzonia,  Mich 

Beotia,  S.D 

Berea,  0 

Beresford,  S.D 

Bergen,  Ctol 

Bergen,  Minn 

Bergen,  N.Y 

Bergen,  N.Y 

Bergen,  N.D._ 

Bergen,  N.D 

Bergen,  N.D 

Bergen,  Wis 

Bergen,  Wis 

Bergen  Park,  Col 

Berkeley,  Cal 

Berkley,  Mafis 

Berkley,  N.J 

Berkley,  Va 

Berkley,  Va 

Berkshire,  Ga 

Berkshire,  N.Y 

Berkshire,  O 

Berkshire,  Vt 

Berlin,  Ark 

Berlin,  Conn 

Berlin,  Ga 

Berlin,  111, 

Berlin,  111 

Berlin,  Iowa 

Berlin,  Kan 

Berlin,  Ky 

Berlin,  Md 

Berlin,  Mass 

Berlin,  Mich 

Berlin,  Mich 

Berlin,  Mich 

Berlin,  Minn 

Berlin.  Neb 

Berlin;  N.H 

Berlin,  N.Y 

Berlin,  N.D 

Berlin,  0 

Berlin,© 

Berlin,  0 ~ 

Berlin,  0 

Berlin,  O 

Berlin,  Pa. 

Berlin,  Pa 

Berlin,  S.D 


Rank  of 
place. 


village 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
precinct 
post-town 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
precinct 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
post-town 
mag.-dist 
mil.-dist 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-town 
post-town 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-prect 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
township 
\  township 


County. 


Carver 

Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Cedar 

Christian 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Holt 

Howell 

Knox 

Linn 

Newton 

Osage 

Polk 

Scott 

Wayne 

Webster 

Nemaha 

Grafton 

Yates 

Hocking 

Monroe 

Ottawa 

Paulding 

Pike 

Columbia 

Lackawanna... 

McCook 

Minnehaha 

Spink 

Polk 

Atascosa 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Audrain 

Berrien 

Hancock 

Van  Buren 

Benton 

Johnston 

Grand  Forks... 

Pope 

Marshall 

Elk 

Benzie 

Spink 

Cuyahoga 

Union 

Jefferson 

McLeod 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Nelson 

Ramsey 

Steele 

Marathon 

Vernon 

Douglas 

Alameda 

Bristol 

Ocean 

Norfolk 

Spottaylvania.. 

Gwinnett 

Tioga 

Delaware. 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Hartford 

Banks 

Bureau 

Sangamon 

Clinton 

Harper , 

Bracken , 

Worcester 

Worcester. , 

Ionia , 

Monroe 

Saint  Clair ..... 

Steele 

Otoe 

Coos 

Rensselaer 


Delaware... 

Erie 

Holmes 

Knox 

Mahoning . 
Somerset... 

Wayne 

aark _ 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


97 
4,229 
1,926 

769 
1,643 

655 
1,134 
2,384 
1,875 

753 
2,025 
1,274 

843 
1,019 
1,437 
2,943 
1,726 

109 
1,666 
1,055 

951 

378 
2,413 
1,628 

937 
2,712 

798 
1,474 
1,062 
1,148 


183 


1,619 

264 

64 

1,230 
179 
305 
696 

1,076 


494 


1,976 
322 


1,682 


1,022 

2,002 

675 


450 
1,014 


927 
683 


2,266 
1,650 
1,304 
1.656 
1,596 


2,385 
363 

1,276 
287 
832 


1, 

1,055 

977 

1,805 

2,246 

1,283 

683 

658 

1,144 

2,202 


1,388 

2,042 

1,378 

910 

862 

728 

1,198 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Berlin,  8.D - 

Berlin,  Vt 

Berlin,  Wis - 

Berlin,  Wis. 

Berlin,  Wis 

Berlin  and  Ivor,  Va 

Berlin  Heights,  0 

Bermuda,  Va 

Bern,  0 

Bernadotte,  111 

Bernadotte,  Minn 

Bernal,  N.M 

Bernalillo,  N.M 

Bernardo,  Cal 

Bernards,  N.J 

BernardBton,  Mass 

Berne,  Ind 

Berne,  N.Y 

Berne,  0 

Berne,  Pa 

Berners  Bay,  Alaska.... 

Bernville,  Pa 

Berreman,  111 

Berrien,  Mich 

Berrien  Springs,  Mich.. 

Berry,  Ala 

Berry,  Ky 

Berry,  Wis 

Berryhill,  N.C 

Berrysburg,  Pa 

Berryville,  Ark 

Bertha,  Minn 

Berthoud,  Col 

Berthoud,  Col 

Bertram,  Iowa 

Bertrand,  Mich 

Bertrand,  Mo 

Bertrand,  Neb 

Bertrandville,  La 

Berwick,  111 

Berwick,  Kan 

Berwick,  La. 

Berwick,  Me 

Berwick,  Pa 

Berwick,  Pa, 

Berwick,  Pa 

Berwyn,  Neb 

Bessemer,  Ala 

Bessemer,  Col 

Bessemer,  Mich 

Bessemer,  Mich 

Bethalto,  111 

Bethania,  N.C.  

Bethany,  Ala 

Bethany,  Conn 

Bethany,  111 

Bethany,  Kan 

Bethany,  Mich 

Bethany,  Mo 

Bethany,  Mo 

Bethany,  N.Y 

Bethany,  N.C 

Bethany,  Pa 

Bethea,  S.C 

Bethel,  Ala 

Bethel,  Ala 

Bethel,  Ala 

Bethel,  Alaska 

Bethel,  Conn 

Bethel,  Conn 

Bethel,  Del 

Bethel,  Qa 

Bethel,  111 

Bethel,  111 

Bethel,  Ind 

Bethel,  Iowa 

Bethel,  Ky 

Bethel,  Me 

Bethel,  Me 

^Bethel,  Mich 

Bethel,  Minn 

Bethel,  Mo 

Bethel,  N.Y 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  O 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 


Bank  of 

place. 


township 

poet-town 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. 


Douglas 

Washington... 
Green  Lake,... 
Green  Lake... 

Marathon 

Southampton. 

Erie 

Chesterfield... 

Athens 

Fulton 

Nicollet 

San  Miguel.... 

Bernalillo 

San  Diego 

Somerset 

Franklin 

Adams 

Albany 

Fairfield 

Berks 


Berks , 

Jo  Daviess 

Berrien 

Berrien , 

Fayette , 

Harrison 

Dane , 

Mecklenburg. 

Dauphin 

Carroll 

Todd 

Larimer 

Larimer , 

Linn 

Berrien 

Mississippi .... 

Phelps 

Plaquemines  . 

Warren 

Nemaha 

Saint  Mary.... 

York 

Adams 

Adams 

Columbia 

Custer 

Jefferson 

Pueblo 

Gogebic 

Gogebic 

Madison 

Forsyth 

Pickens 

New  Haven.... 

Moultrie 

Osborne 

Gratiot 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Genesee 

Iredell 

Wayne 

Marion 

Autauga 

Lee 

Wilcox 


Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Sussex 

Wilkinson..., 
McDonough., 

Morgan 

Posey 

Fayette 

Bath 

Oxford 

Oxford , 

Branch 

Anoka 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Bladen  

Perquimans., 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Clarke 

Clermont 

Miami 

Monroe 

Alleghany,... 
Armstrong ... 

Berks 

Delaware 

Fulton 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,380 

791 

3,364 

1,000 

424 
2,279 
1,073 
1,440 

565 


2,622 
934 


2,616 
2,625 
2,176 


405 

590 

1,392 

758 

637 

2,244 

1,066 

1,626 

476 

253 

247 


798 

1,308 

126 


136 
1,003 


796 

2,774 

514 

368 

2,096 


628 

1,346 

795 

637 

269 

594 

1,715 

2,118 

994 

1,671 

810 

181 

1,438 


1,075 
2.497 


2,727 

1767 

298 

940 

1,399 

1,251 

672 

660 

1,950 

2,077 


1,511 
423 

1,343 

2,562 
833 

1,663 


127 
3,131 

582 
1,864 
1,165 


371 

2,329 

689 

938 


33U 

1,614 

767 

4,149 

1,083 

3,858 

517 

2,044 

1,485 

1,216 

680 

193 

924 

100 

2,558 

770 

544 

2,273 

2,329 

1,935 

6 

365 

561 

1,584 

745 

641 

2,300 

1,003 

1,756 

426 

549 

456 

603 

228 

861 

1,093 

221 

266 

205 

798 

826 

769 

2,294 

551 

381 

2,701 

930 

4,544 

3,317 

680 

2,566 

879 

1,533 

1,121 

550 

688 

619 

2,264 

2,483 

1,106 

1,517 

893 

134 

1,669 

639 

957 

2,741 

20 

3,401 

2,335 

378 

338 

1,222 

1,241 

768 

855 

1,958 

2,209 

783 

1,391 

419 

1,468 

2,158 

945 

1,680 

2,068 

377 

3,407 

625 

1,685 

1,030 

663 

788 

2,139 

696 

1,012 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  S.C 

Bethel,  S.D 

Bethel,  Tenn 

Bethel,  Vt 

Bethel,  W.Va. 

Bethel  Church,  NC... 
Bethel  Springs,  Tenn. 

Bethesda,  Md 

Bethesda,  S.C 

Bethlehem,  Ala 

Bethlehem,  Conn 

Bethlehem,  Ind 

Bethlehem,  Ind 

Bethlehem,  Ky 

Bethlehem,  Mo 

Bethlehem,  N.H 

Bethlehem,  N.J 

Bethlehem,  N.Y 

Betlilehem,  0 

Bethlehem,  O 

Bethlehem,  Pa 

Bethlehem,  Pa 

Bethune,  Col 

Bettie,  Tex 

Betts,  Ala 

Bettsville,0 

Beulah,  Ala 

Beulah,  N.C 

Beulah,  S.D 

Beulah,  S.D 

Beulaville,  N.C 

Beverly,  Ark 

Beverly,  111 

Beverly,  Ky 

Beverly,  Mass 

Beverly,  Neb 

Beverly,  N.J 

Beverly,  N.J 

Beverly,  O 

Beverly,  W.  Va 

Beverly,  W.  Va 

Beverly  Manor,  Va.... 

Bevier,  Ky 

Bevier,  Mo 

Bevier,  Mo 

Bewley,  Tenn 

Bewleyville,  Ky 

Bexar,  Ala. 

Bible  Grove,  111 

Biddeford,  Me 

Bidwell,  Cal 

Biedell,  Col 

Big  Beaver,  Pa 

Big  Beaver,  Pa 

Big  Bend,  Kan 

Big  Bend,  Minn 

Big  Bend,  Ore 

Big  Bend,  Wis 

Big  Blue,  Neb 

Big  Bottom,  Ark 

Big  Bottom,  Wash 

Big  Butte,  Ore 

Bigby,  Tenn 

Big  Camas,  Idaho 

Big  Clear  Creek,  Ky.. 

BigClifty,Ky 

Big  Cottonwood,  Utah.. 

Big  Creek,  Ala 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark. 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark , 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Ark 

Big  Creek,  Fla 

Big  Creek,  Ga , 

Big  Creek,  Ga , 

Big  Creek,  Idaho 

Big  Creek,  Ind 

Big  Creek,  Iowa , 

Big  Creek,  Kan 

•Big  Creek,  Kan 

Big  Creek,  Kan 

Big  Creek,  &c.,  Ky.. 

Big  Creek,  Ky 

Big  Creek,  Ky 

Big  Creek,  Mich 

Big  Creek,  Mo 

Big  Creek,  Mo , 

Big  Creek,  Mo 


Bank  of 

plac^. 


township 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

district 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

civil -dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Conntj. 


Lebanon 

Mercer.. .., 

York , 

Clay , 

Giles 

Windsor , 

Pendleton 

Cabarrus 

McNairy 

Montgomery . 

York 

Chambers 

Litchfield 

Cass. 

Clarke 

Hardin 

Henry 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Albany 

Coshocton 

Stark 

Northampton... 
Northampton. 

Kit  Carson 

Upshur. 

Lamar 

Seneca 

Lee 

Johnston 

Davison 

Hanson 

Duplin 

Sebastian 

Adams 

Christian 

Essex 

Hitchcock 

Burlington.... 
Burlington.... 
Washington.,, 

Randolph 

Bandolph 

Augusta 

Muhlenberg... 

Macon 

Macon 

Hamblen 

Breckenridge.. 

Marion 

Clay 

York 

Butte 

Saguache 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Republic 

Chippewa 

Curry 

Chippewa 

Saline 

Independence 

Kitsap 

Jackson 

Lewis 

Elmore 

Bell 

Grayson 

Salt  Lake 

Limestone 

Cleburne 

Craighead 

Fulton 

Hot  Spring.... 

Lee 

Newton 

Phillips 

Sebastian 

Sharp 

White 

Holmes 

Forsyth 

Milton 

Lemhi 

White 

Black  Hawk.. 

Ellis 

Neosho 

Russell 

Clay _, 

Leelie 

Pike 

Osceola 

Cass 

Henry 

Taney 


Popnlation. 


1880.      1890. 


2,332 
161 

2,672 


163 
1,693 

966 
1,613 


1,488 
3,681 
2,337 

666 
1,163 

798 


1,380 
1,400 
2,830 
3,762 
836 
2,304 
2,282 
6,193 


616 
1,316 
1,481 


32 


1,132 


8,456 


1, 
1,759 

834 
1,075 

236 
12,026 


2,135 
867 


1,044 
12,661 


1,437 

1,645 

1,086 

471 

81 

231 

847 

1,448 


190 
169 


1,147 

1,736 

661 


240 
625 
902 
305 
191 


1,752 

2,030 

484 


1,624 
619 


787 
1,666 
1,390 
1,036 

846 
1,109 

461 

876 


911 

1,038 

666 

69 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Big  Creek,  Ore 

Big  Creek,  Tenn 

Big  Creek,  W.  Va 

Big  Creek  Gap,  Tenn.. 
Big  Dry  Creek,  &c..  Col 

Big  Eagle,  Ky , 

Bigelow,  Minn 

Bigelow,  Mo 

Big  Flat,  Ark 

Big  Flat,  Idaho 

BigFlatB,  N.y 

Big  Flats,  Wis 

Bigfoot,  Mont 

Big  Fork,  Ark 

Big  Fork,  Ark 

Big  Grove,  111 

Big  Grove,  Iowa 

Big  Grove,  Iowa 

Bigger,  Ind 

Biggs,  Cal 

Blggsville,  111 

Big  Hickory,  Ga 

Big  Hole,  Mont 

Big  Horn,  Wyo 

Big  Island,  0 

Big  Lake,  Ark 

Big  Lake,  La 

Sig  Lake,  Minn 

Big  Laurel,  N.C 

Bigler,  Pa 

Big  Lick,  N.C 

Big  Lick,  N.C 

Big  Lick,  0 

Big  Lick,  Va 

Biglow,  Ore 

Biglow  Springs,  Ore 

Big  Mound,  111 

Big  Pine  Creek,  N.C... 
Big  Pot  Latch,  Idaho- 
Big  Prairie,  Mich 

Big  Prairie,  Mo 

Big  Rapids,  Mich 

Big  Rapids,  Mich 

Big  River,  Cal 

Big  River,  Mo 

Big  River,  Mo 

Big  Bock,  Ark 

Big  Rock,  111 

Big  Bock,  Tenn 

Big  Run,  Pa 

Big  Sandy,  Ga 

Big  Sandy,  Tenn 

Big  Sandy,  Tex 

Big  Sandy,  W.  Va 

Big  Shanty,  Ga 

Big  Sioux,  S.D 

Big  Smith,  Ga. 
Big  South  Fork,  Ky. 
Big  South  Fork,  Ky. 
Big  Spring,  Ala 

Big  Spring,  Ark 

Big  Spring,  Ark.... 

Big  Spring,  111 

Big  Spring,  Neb 

Big  Spring,  0 

Big  Springs,  Ala... 
Big  Stone,  Minn... 

Big  Stone,  S.D 

Big  Stone  City,  S.D 
Big  Timber,  Kan... 
Big  Timber,  Mont. 
Big  Timber,  Mont.. 
Big  Woods,  Minn... 

Biler  Road,  Ala 

Bilesville,  N.C 

Billerica,  Mass 

Billingham,  Wash. 

Billings,  Midi 

Billings,  Mo 

Billings,  Mont 

Billings,  Mont 

Biloxi,  Miss 

Blloxi,  Miss 

Bingham,  111 

Bingham,  Iowa 

Bingham,  Me 

Bingham,  Mich 

Bingham,  Mich 

Bingham,  Mich 

Bingham,  Neb 

Bingham,  N.C 

Bingham,  Pa 

Bingham,  Utah 

Binghamton,  N.Y.. 
Biughamton,  N.Y.. 
Binghamton,  N.D.. 

60 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

tow^nsbip 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

ward 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

village 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

beat 

city 

post-town 

township 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 


County. 


Union 

Cocke 

McDowell... 
Campbell.... 
Arapahoe.... 

Scott , 

Nobles 

Holt .... 

Baxter 

Owyhee 

Chemung.... 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Montgomery.... 

Polk 

Kendall 

Benton 

Johnson 

Jennings 

Butte 

Henderson 

Hall 

Beaver  Head... 

Sheridan 

Marion 

Mississippi 

Cameron 

Sherburne 

Madison 

Clearfield 

Stanly 

Stanly 

Hancock 

Roanoke 

Sherman 

Sherman 

Wayne 

Madison 

Nez  Perces 

Newaygo 

New  Madrid.... 

Mecosta 

Mecosta 

Mendocino 

Jefferson 

Saint  Francois. 

Pulaski 

Kane 

Stewart 

Jefferson 

Chattahoochee 

Benton 

Upshur 

Kanawha 

Cobb 

Union 

Franklin 

Casey 

Scott 

Marshall 

Benton 

Izard  

Shelby 

Deuel 

Seneca 

Autauga 

Big  Stone 

Grant 

Grant 

Rush 

Park 

Park 

Marshall 

Winston 

Stanly 

Middlesex 

Whatcom 

Gladwin 

Christian 

Yellowstone 

Yellowstone 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Fayette 

Hancock 

Somerset 

Clinton 

Huron 

Leelanaw 

Sheridan 

Orange 

Potter 

Salt  Lake 

Broome 

Broome 

Barnes 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


159 
1,481 
1,026 

651 


1,760 
215 

1,395 
281 


1,989 
158 


288 

386 

1,604 

833 

1,363 

1,106 

95 

358 

464 


1,226 
549 
293 
330 
428 


1,714 

99 

1,261 

3,659 


1,053 


572 
1,135 

549 
3,552 
3,126 
2,136 

876 
17,791 

963 
1,308 

240 

450 


1,412 
1,463 


1,072 


377 
471 

1,059 
623 

1,981 


2,048 
"*227 


376 

277 


2,000 


144 
129 


2,061 
1,540 


42 
828 

3,602 
969 

1,333 


1,901 

832 

1,022 

2,565 

17,317 


265 

1,721 

1,271 

734 

927 

1,818 

408 

1,450 

443 

63 

1,687 

222 

15 

474 

677 

1,461 
806 

1,196 
929 
671 
487 
447 
382 
287 

1,471 
424 
48(1 
674 
641 

1,841 

1,688 
69 

1,222 

19,362 

84 

39 

1,284 
801 
389 
445 
691 
655 

5,303 

2,460 

1,892 

964 

27,644 

808 

1,333 
731 
415 
273 
323 

1,960 

1,225 
304 

1,047 

1,203 
369 
262 
380 
427 

1,015 
244 

1,964 
360 
265 
744 
471 
428 
491 
265 
484 

1,443 
317 

2,380 
293 
253 
464 
941 
836 

3,839 

3,234 
178 
113 
767 

4,26» 

1,348 

719 

64 

1,965 
877 

1,101 

1,519 

35,005 

i;i5 


Name  of  place  and 
Btata. 


Birch,  W.Va 

Birch  Bay,  Wash.... 
Birch  Cooley,  Minn 
Birch  Creek,  Mont.. 

Birch  Creek,  Va 

Birchdale,  Minn 

Birch  Bun,  Mich.... 

Birch  Tree,  Mo 

Birch  Tree,  Mo 

Bird,  Ark 

Bird,  111 

Bird  City,  Kan 

Bird  City,  Kan 

Bird  Island,  Minn... 
Bird  Island,  Minn... 

Birdsall,  N.Y 

Birdsborough,  Pa 

Birdseye,  Ind 

Birdwood,  Neb 

Birmingham,  Ala.... 

Birmingham,  Col 

Birmingham,  Conn., 

Birmingham,  III 

Birmingham,  Iowa., 

Birmingham,  Ky 

Birmingham,  Ky 

Birmingham,  Mich 

Birmingham,  Mo 

Birmingham,  Pa 

Birmingham,  Pa 

Birmingham,  Pa 

Birnamwood,  Wis 

Birtsell,  N.D 

Bisbee,  Ariz 

Bishop,  Ala 

Bishop,  Cal 

Bishop,  III 

Bishop  Hill,  III 

Bishop  Mill,  Ky 

Bishopville.  Md 

Bishopville,  S.C 

Bishopville,  S.C 

Bismarck,  Ark 

Bismarck,  Mich 

Bismarck,  Minn 

Bismarck,  Mo 

Bismarck,  Neb.. 

Bismarck,  Neb 

Bismarck,  N.D 

Bismarck,  N.D 

Bismarck,  Pa 

Bivens,  Tex 

Black,  Ga 

Black,  Ind 

Black,  Pa 

Blackankle,  Ga 

Blackberry,  III 

Blackberry,  Kv 

Blackbird,  Del. 

Blackbird,  Del 

Blackbird,  Neb 

Black  Bluff,  Ala 

Black  Bluff,  Ala 

Black  Brook,  N.Y 

Black  Brook,  Wis 

Blackburn,  Ala 

Blackbnrn,  Mo 

Black  Butte,  Ore 

Black  Creek,  Miss 

Black  Creek,  Mo 

Black  Creek,  N.C 

Black  Creek,  N.C 

Black  Creek,  0 

Black  Creek,  Pa 

Black  Creek,  S.C 

Black  Creek,  Va 

Black  Creek,  Wis 

Black  Diamond,  Wash.. 

Black  Dirt,  Fla 

Black  Earth,  Wis 

Black  Earth,  Wis 

Blackfish,  Ark 

Blackfoot,  Idaho 

Black  Fork,  Ark 

Black  Fork,  W.Va. 

Black  Hall,  Ga 

Black  Hammer,  Minn.. 

Black  Hawk,  Col 

Black  Hawk,  111 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa 

Black  Hawk,  La 

Black  Hawk,  N.M 

Black  Jack,  N.C 

Black  Jack  Grove,  Tex 


Rank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-lx)ro' 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

poet-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

hundred 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

beat 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Braxton 

Whatcom 

Renville 

Beaver  Head.. 

Halifax 

Todd 

Saginaw 

Shannon 

Shannon 

Jackson 

Macoupin 

Cheyenne 

Cheyenne 

Renville 

Renville 

Alleghany 

Berl^ 

Dubois 

Lincoln 

Jefferson 

Huerfano 

New  Haven.... 

Schuyler 

Van  Buren 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Oakland 

Clay 

Chester 

Delaware 

Huntingdon.... 

Shawano 

Foster 

Cochise 

Jackson 

Inyo 

Effingham 

Henry 

Marshall 

Worcester 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Hot  Spring 

Presque  Isle.... 

Sibley 

Saint  Franfois. 

Cuming 

Platte 

Burleigh 

Burleiglr. 

Lebanon 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Dawson 

Posey 

Somerset 

Upson 

Kane— 

Pike 

New  Castle 

New  Castle...., 

Thurston 

Sumter 

Wilcox 

Clinton 

Polk 

Lauderdale.... 

Saline 

Crook 

Perry , 

Shelby 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Mercer 

Luzerne , 

Lexington 

New  Kent 

Outagamie 

King 

Levy , 

Dane , 

Dane 

Saint  Francis.. 

Bingham 

Scott 

Tucker , 

Fulton 

Houston 

Gilpin 

Bock  Island... 
Black  Hawk... 

Grnndy 

Jefferson 

Concordia 

Grant , 

Richmond 

Hopkins 


2,139 

"m 


6,662 
266 

1,600 
569 


2,428 
1,004 


537 

289 

890 

1,705 


3,086 


3,026 

1,074 

616 

1,126 

224 

733 


603 
739 
231 


159 

915 

350 

1,628 


2,309 
144 


100 
261 
286 


1,768 
340 


492 
7,028 


1,321 

1,212 

486 

1,778 

58 


757 
2,189 
3,365 

722 


214 


777 
2,074 
1,700 

129 
1,441 
1,057 

743 
1,246 
1,285 


169 
902 


246 


312 

429 
3,140 

859 
1,540 
1,422 

887 
1,148 
1,008 


1,388 
193 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Black  Lake,  N.M 

Blackland,  Ark 

Black  Lick,  Pa. 

Black  Lick,  Pa 

Black  Lick,  Va 

Black  Loam,  N.D 

Blackman,  Mich 

Black  Mountain,  N.C... 

Black  Oak,  Iowa 

Black  Oak,  Mo 

Black  Pine,  Mont 

Black  Pond,  Ala 

Black  Biver,  Alaska 

Black  BiTer,  Ark 

Black  Biver,  Ark 

Black  Biver,  Mich 

Black  Biver,  Minn 

Black  Biver,  Mo 

Black  Biver,  Mo 

Black  Biver,  Mo 

Black  Biver,  N.C 

Black  Biver,  N.C 

Black  Biver,  0 

Black  Biver,  S.C 

Black  Biver  Falls,  Wis. 

Black  Bock,  Ark 

Black  Bock,  Ark 

Black  Bock,  Ga 

Blacksbury,  S.C 

Blacksburg,  Va 

Blackshear,  Ga 

Blackstock,  Ga 

Black  Stocks,  S.C 

Blackstone,  Mass 

Blackstone,  Va 

Black  Swamp,  Ala 

Blacktail,  Mont. 

Blackville,  S.C 

Blackville,  S.C 

Black  Walnut,  Va 

Blackwater,  Ky 

Blackwater,  Mo 

Blackwater,  Mo 

Blackwater,  Mo 

Blackwater,  Va 

Blackwater,  Va 

Blackwater,  Va 

Blaokwell,  Ga 

Black  Wolf,  Wis 

Blackwood,  Neb 

Blackwood,  Neb 

Bladenborough,  N.C... 

Bladensburg,  Md 

Bladensburg,  Md 

Bladen  Springs,  Ala 


Bla 
Bla 
Bla 
Bla 
Bla 
Bla 
Bla 
Blai 
Blai 
Bla 
Bla 
Blai 
Blai 
Blai 
Blai 
Blai 
Bla 
Blai 
Bla: 
Bla 
Blai 
Blai 
Blai 
Bla 


n.  Pa., 
ne,  Iowa.. 
ne,  Iowa., 
ne,  Kan.... 
ne,  Kan... 
ne,  Kan... 
ne,  Kan.... 
ne,  Kan... 
ne,  Kan... 

ne,  Me 

ne,  Mich.. 
ne,  Mich., 
ne,  Minn . 
ne,  Neb.... 
ne.  Neb..., 
ne.  Neb... 
ne.  Neb.... 
ne.  Neb... 
ne.  Neb... 
ne.  Neb... 
ne.  Neb. ... 
ne,  S.D„.. 
ne,  S.D. 
ne,  S.D. 


Blaine,  Wash. 

Blai 

Blai 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 

Bla 


ne.  Wash 

ne  City,  Pa 

r,Ill 

r.Ill 

r,  Mich 

r.  Neb 

r,  Neb 

r,Pa 

r  City,  Neb 

r  Creek,  Mo... 
rsburg,  Iowa., 
rstown,  Iowa., 
rstown,  N.J... 

rsville,  Ga 

rsville.Ga 

rsville,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

village 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

village 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 


township 
township 
ihip 


towns! 

post 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

poBt-boro' 


-twp 


County. 


Colfax , 

Howard 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Wythe 

La  Moure.... 

Jackson 

Buncombe-.. 

Mahaska 

Caldwell 

Deer  Lodge. 
Winston 


Independence.. 

Lawrence 

Alcona 

Polk 

Butler. 

Beynolds 

Wayne 

Cumberland.... 

Harnett 

Lorain 

Georgetown 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Fayette 

York 

Montgomery. ... 

Pierce 

Catoosa 

Chester 

Worcester 

Nottoway 

Winston 

Beaver  Head.... 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Halifax 

Morgan 

Cooper 

Pettis 

Saline 

Franklin 

Prince  George.. 

Surry 

Jasper 

Winnebago 


Hitchcock.... 

Bladen 

Prince  George's 
Prince  George's 

Choctaw 

Perry 

Ida 

Wright 

Clay 

Harper 

Lane 

Marion 

Ottawa 

Smith 

Aroostook.... 

Benzie 

Crawford 

Anoka 

Adams 

Antelope 

Cuming 

Dawson 

Kearney 

Nuckolls 

Pierce 

Bock 

Clark 

Jerauld 

Sully 

Whatcom 

Whatcom 

Clearfield.... 

Clay 

Bandolph.... 

Traverse 

Washington. 
Washington. 

Blair 

Washington 

Shannon  

Hamilton 

Benton.-...., 

Warren 

Union 

Union 

Indiana 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,139 
687 
924 

3,019 


1,604 

699 

1,189 

82 


1,650 

1,466 

182 


759 

567 

635 

1,086 

643 

1,937 

2,633 

1,427 


423 

145 

4,649 

778 

625 

2,345 

4,907 


3,573 
684 
4,626 
1,126 
646 
1,339 
1,230 
2,572 
1,618 
1,767 


946 
2,034 
466 
573 
270 
372 
231 


646 
244 


720 

543 

2,197 

1,317 

1,094 


187 
263 
662 

1,468 
641 
101 

1,162 


183 

869 

624 

800 

3,466 

148 

1,713 

988 

1,013 

67 

244 

626 

125 

1,937 

949 

625 

262 

726 

686 

1,076 

1,487 

722 

5,319 

1,656 

2,261 

1,490 

761 

375 

1,249 

3,769 

656 

826 

2,602 

6,138 

680 

1,148 

164 

4,240 

962 

4,476 

1,444 

884 

1,170 

1,330 

2,332 

1,633 

2,050 

561 

837 

282 

289 

1,279 

2,655 

503 

440 

249 

733 

865 

748 

388 

299 

:i66 

437 

668 

784 

346 

51 

205 

622 

322 

548 

365 

446 

623 

185 

218 

310 

376 

60 

1,563 

1,663 

634 

1,026 

502 

676 

1,443 

2,069 

1,143 

2,069 

207 

530 

683 

1,662 

672 

114 

3,126 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Blake,  S.C 

Blake,  Utah 

Blakeley,  Kan 

Blakeley,  Neb 

Blakeley,  Wash.... 

Blakely,  Ga 

Blakely,  Ga 

Blakely,  Minn 

Blakely,  Pa 

Blake's  Mills,  0... 

Blalock,  Ore 

Blanchard,  Iowa.. 

Blanchard,  Me 

Blanchard,  Mich.. 
Blanchard,  N.D... 

Blanchard,  O 

Blanchard,  0 

Blanchard,  0 

Blanchard,  Wis.... 

Blanchester,  0 

Blanco,  Tex 

Bland,  Va 

Blandford,  Mass... 
Blandinsville,  111.. 
Blandinsville,  III.. 

Blandville,  Ky 

Blandville,  Ky 

Blansett,  Ark 

Blasingame,  Ga.... 

Bleecker,  N.Y 

Blendon,  Mich 

Blendon,  O 

Blendon,  S.D 

Blendon,  Va 

Blenheim,  N.r 

Blinsmon,  S.D 

Bliss,  Idaho 

Bliss,  Mich 

Blissheld,  Mich.... 
Blissfleld,  Mich.... 

Blissville,  III 

Blitzen,  Ore 

Blocker,  Ala 

Blocker,  S.C 

Blocton,  Ala 

Bloden,  Cal 

Blom,S.D 

Bloodworth,  Ga.... 

Bloom,  111 

Bloom,  Kan 

Bloom,  Kan 

Bloom,  Kan 

Bloom,  Minn 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  O 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  Pa 

Bloom,  Pa 

Bloom,  Wis 

Bloomer,  Ark 

Bloomer,  Mich 

Bloomer,  Minn 

Bloomer,  Wis 

Bloomer,  Wis 

Bloomery,  W.  Va.. 
Bloomfleld,  Ark... 

Bloomfleld,  Cal 

Bloomfleld,  Conn.. 

Bloomfleld,  111 

Bloomfleld,  Ind.... 
Bloomfleld,  Ind.... 
Bloomfleld,  Iowa.. 
Bloomfleld,  Iowa.. 
Bloomfleld,  Iowa.. 
Bloomfleld,  Iowa.. 
Bloomfleld,  Iowa.. 
Bloomfleld,  Kan... 
Bloomfleld,  Kan.  . 

Bloomfleld,  Ky 

Bloomfleld,  Mich.. 
Bloomfleld,  Mich.. 
Bloomfleld,  Mich.. 
Bloomfleld,  Mich.. 
Bloomfleld,  Minn. 
Bloomfleld,  N.J.... 
Bloomfleld,  N.M... 

Bloomfleld,  0 

Bloomfleld,  0 

Bloomfleld,  0 

Bloomfleld,  0 

Bloomfleld,  Pa 

Bloomfleld,  Pa 

Bloomfleld,  Pa 

Bloomfleld,  Vt 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

Tillage 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

borough 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-towD 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

borouKh 

township 


County. 


Colleton , 

Emery 

Geary 

Gage 

Kitsap 

Early 

Early 

Scott 

Lackawanna. 
Tuscarawas... 
Gilliam 


Piscataquii 

Isabella 

Traill 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Putnam 

Lafayette 

Clinton 

Blanco 

Prince  George. 

Hampden 

McDonough.... 
McDonough.... 

Ballard 

Ballard 

Scott 

Walton 

Fulton 

Ottawa , 

Franklin , 

Davison , 

Nottoway 

Schoharie 

Moody 

Logan , 

Emmet 

Lenawee 

Lenawee  

Jefferson 

Harney 

Tuscaloosa 

Edgefield 

Bibb 

San  Diego 

Deuel 

Wilkinson 

Cook 

Clay 

Ford 

Osborne 

Nobles 

Fairfield 

Morgan 

Scioto 

Seneca 

Wood 

Clearfield 

Columbia 

Bichland 

Sebastian 

Montcalm 

Marshall 

Chippewa 

Chippewa 

Hampshire 

Benton 

Nevada 

Hartford 

Johnson 

Greene 

La  Grange 

Clinton 

Davis 

Davis 

Polk 

Winneshiek 

Mitchell 

Sheridan 

Nelson 

Huron 

Isabella 

Oakland 

Missaukee 

Fillmore 

Essex 

San  Juan 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Logan 

Tmmbull 

Bedford 

Crawford 

Perry 

Essex 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,621 


679 


1,610 
279 
799 
871 


321 
167 
271 


1,286 

2,428 

1,787 

622 

776 

245 

2,208 

979 

1,776 


20,16 
476 
669 

1,477 

1,046 
786 

2,185 


3,306 
1,191 


192 
2,354 
1,222 

964 

98 

1,064 

1.281 


1,617 

1,431 

762 


626 

83 

2,179 

898 
2,211 
2,162 
2,022 

443 
3,702 
1,358 


2,074 


1,278 

304 
1,637 

102 
1,229 
1,346 
1,349 

988 
2,567 
1,403 
2,726 
1,531 
1,606 
1,010 

624 


1,837 
329 
292 

1,962 

76 

886 

6,748 


1,667 
176 
895 
836 
863 

1,491 
6T3 
627 

61 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bloomfield,  Vt... 

Bloomfleld,  Wis. 

Bloomfield,  \Vi».. 

Bloom:         "    " 

Bloom: 

Bloom: 

Bloom 

Bloom: 

Bloom: 

Bloom: 

Bloom 

Bloom 

Bloom: 

Bloom: 

Bloomi 

Bloom: 

Bloomi 

Bloomi 

Bloom 


ng,  Ind 

ng,  N.D 

ngburg,  0 

ngdale,  Ala 

Dgdale,  111 

ngdale,  111 

Dgdale,  Ind 

ngdale,  Mich.... 

ngdale,  Mich.... 

ng  Grove,  Ind... 

ng  Grove,  Minn. 

ng  Grove,  N.Y... 

ng  Grove,  0 

ng  Grove,  Pa 

ng  Grove,  Tex... 

ng  Grove,  Wis... 
Bloom'g  Prairie,  Minn.. 
Bloom'g Prairie,  Minn.. 

Bloomiugton,  Idaho 

Bloomington,  111 

Bloomington,  111 

Bloomington,  Ind 

Bloomington,  Ind 

Bloomington,  Iowa 

Bloomington,  Iowa 

Bloomington,  Kan 

Bloomington,  Ky 

Bloomington,  Md 

Bloomington,  Md 

Bloomington,  Minn 

Bloomington,  Mo 

Bloomington,  Neb 

Bloomington,  Neb 

Bloomington,  N.J 

Bloomington,  Utah 

Bloomington,  Wis 

Bloomington,  Wis 

Blooming  Valley,  Pa... 

Bloomville,  0 

Bloss,  Pa 

Blossburg,  Ala 

Blossburg,  N.M 

Blossburg,  N.M 

Blossburg,  Pa 

Blossom,  Tex 

Blount,  111 

Blount  Springs,  Ac,  Ala 
Blountstown,  &c.,  Fla... 

Blountsville,  Ala 

Blountsville,  Ala 

Blountville,  Tenn 

Blowers,  Minn 

Blowing  Rock,  N.C 

Blue,  Kan 

Blue,  Mo 

Blue  Ball,  Ky 

Blueberry,  Minn 

Blue  Cane,  Ark 

Blue  Creek,  Ga 

Blue  Creek,  Ind 

Blue  Creek,  Neb 

Blue  Creek,  0 

Blue  Earth  City,  Minn 
Blue  Earth  City,  Minn 

Blue  Eye,  Ala 

Bluefle'ld,  W.  Va 

Blue  Grass,  Iowa 

Blue  Grass,  N.D 

Blue  Grass,  Va 

Blue  Hill,  Kan 

Blue  Hill,  Me 

Blue  Hill,  Minn 

Blue  Hill,  Neb 

Blue  Island,  HI 

Blue  Lake,  Mich 

Blue  Mound,  111 

Blue  Mound,  111 

Blue  Mound,  111 

Blue  Mound,  Kan 

Blue  Mound,  Kan 

Blue  Mound,  Mo 

Blue  Mound,  Mo 

Blue  Mounds,  Minn 

Blue  Mounds,  Wis 

Blue  Mountain,  Ark.... 

Blue  Pond,  Ala 

Blue  Bapids,  Kan 

Blue  Bapids,  Kan 

Blue  Rapids  City,  Kan 

Blue  Ridge,  Ark 

Blue  Ridge,  Ga 

Blue  Ridge,  Ga 

Blue  Ridge,  Ga 

62 


Bank  of 
place. 


village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Essex 

Walworth 

Waushara 

Franklin 

Grand  Forks.. 

Fayette 

Chambers 

Du  Page 

Du  Page  

Parke 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Franklin 

Waseca 

Orange 

Richland 

Pike 

Navarro 

Dane 

Steele 

Steele 

Bear  Lake 

McLean 

McLean , 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Decatur 

Muscatine 

Butler 

Magoffin 

Garrett 

Garrett 

Hennepin 

Buchanan 

Franklin. 

Franklin 

Somerset 

Washington.... 

Grant 

Grant 

Crawford 

Seneca 

Tioga 

Jefferson 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Tioga 

Lamar 

Vermilion 

Blount 

Calhoun 

Blount 

Blount 

Sullivan 

Otter  Tail 

Watauga 

Pottawatomie., 

Jackson 

Clark 

Wadena 

Greene 

White 

Adams 

Deuel 

Paulding 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Talladega 

Mercer 

Scott 

Morton 

Highland 

Mitchell 

Hancock 

Sherburne 

Webster 

Cook 

Muskegon 

McLean 

Macon , 

Macon 

Linn 

Linn 

Livingston ..... 

Vernon 

Pope 

Dane 

Stone , 

De  Kalb 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Marshall - 

Howard 

Fannin 

Tattnall 

White 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,097 

1,384 

762 


526 

1,274 

1,433 

226 

355 

1,759 

292 

762 

807 

2,444 

1,181 

472 

79 

927 

562 

338 


14,476 

17,180 

994 

2,766 
498 

9,631 
593 
810 

1,537 
341 
819 

1,506 


624 

671 

86 

1,229 
403 
232 
689 

2,814 


2,140 

639 

1,910 


222 

317 

15 

339 

742 

6,983 

2,067 


159 
537 
931 


616 

620 

1,066 

1,834 


1,487 


1,667 
449 

2,213 
255 
138 

1,542 
307 

1,115 

1,204 
532 
911 


1,268 
734 
315 

1,009 
860 


1,139 

829 

1,299 


434 

1,197 

1,278 

664 

442 

638 

1,663 

1,497 

463 

431 

1,952 

380 

664 

847 

2,236 

1,022 

361 

175 


308 

612 

19,743 

20,484 

996 

4,018 
578 
747 
566 

1,426 

1,062 
296 
969 

1,357 

1,217 

464 

801 

63 

1,174 
587 
206 
758 

2,550 
692 

1,171 
829 

2,568 
695 

1,836 

1,483 
438 

1,021 
288 
224 
216 
602 
730 
10.533 

4^298 

99 

414 

452 

1,212 
269 

2,243 
662 

1,569 

2,364 

1,775 

1,336 
294 

1,762 
422 

1,980 
280 
796 

2,521 
138 

1,057 

1,183 
696 

1,732 
689 

1,036 
963 
565 

1,449 

1,200 
802 

1,378 
905 

1,477 
298 
204 
550 
299 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Blue  Ridge,  111 

Blue  Ridge,  N.C 

Blue  Ridge,  N.C 

Blue  River,  Ind , 

Blue  River,  Ind 

Blue  River,  Ind 

Blue  River,  Ind 

Blue  Rock,  O 

Blue  Spring,  Ga , 

Blue  Springs,  Ga  ... 
Blue  Springs,  Mo.... 
Blue  Springs,  Neb.... 
Blue  Springs,  Neb.... 
Blue  Springs,  N.C... 
Blue  Springs,  Tenn. 

Blue  Stone,  Va , 

Blue  Sulphur,  W.  Va  .. 

Blue  Valley,  Kan 

Bluff,  Ga ^ 

Bluff,  111 

Bluff,  Kan 

Bluff,  Kan 

Bluff,  Neb 

Bluff,  Utah 

Bluff  City,  Tenn 

Bluff  Creek,  Iowa. 

Bluffdale,Ill 

Bluffdale,  Utah 

Bluff  Port,  Ala 

Bluffs,  111 

Bluff  Springs,  111 

Blufftou,  Ala 

Bluffton,  Ark 

Bluffton,  Ga 

Bluffton,  Ga 

Bluffton,  Ind 

Bluffton,  Iowa 

Bluffton,  Minn 

Bluffton,  0 

Bluffton,  S.C 

Bluffton,  S.C 

Blumfield,  Mich 

Blunt,  S.D 

Blunt,  S.D 

Blyth.e,  Ark 

Blythe,  Ark 

Blythe,  Pa 

Board  Head,  Fla 

Boardman,  Iowa 

Boardman,  Mich 

Boardman,  O 

Boardtown,  Ga 

Boca,  Cal 

Bodarc,  Neb 

Bodcaw,  Ark 

Bodega,  Cal 

Bodie,  Cal 

Bodie,  Cal 

Boerne,  Tex 

Boeuf,  Mo 

Boeuf,  Mo 

Bogansville,  S.C 

Bogard,  Ind 

Bogard,  Mo 

Bogard,  Mo 

Boggess,  Ky 

Boggs,  Pa 

Boggs,  Pa 

Boggs,  Pa 

Boggy  Bayou,  Fla 

Bogle,  Mo 

Bogue,  N.C 

Bogue  Chitto,  Miss 

Bogy,  Ark 

Bohemia,  Mich 

Bohemia,  Neb 

Bohemia,  Neb 

Bohnsack,  N.D 

Boiling  Spring,  Va 

Boiling  Springs,  Ala.... 
Boiling  Springs,  Neb... 
Boiling  Springs,  N.J.... 
Boiling  Springs,  N.C... 
Boiling  Springs,  S.C... 

Bois  Brule,  Mo 

Bois  d'Arc,  Ark 

Bois  d' Arc,  111 

Bois6,  Idaho..  

Bois6  City,  Idaho 

Boisfort,  Wash 

Boke  Creek,  O 

Bolckow,  Mo 

Bold  Springs,  Ala 

Boles,  Mo 

Boley  Springs,  Ala 

Boligee,  Ala. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil  -dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

village 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 


County. 


Piatt 

Henderson 

Watauga 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Henry 

Johnson 

Muskingum.... 

Harris 

Pulaski 

Jackson 

Gage 

Gage 

Robeson 

Loudon 

Mecklenburg.. 

Greenbrier 

Pottawatomie. 

Twiggs 

Monroe 

Harper 

Sumner 

Hamilton 

San  Juan 

Sullivan 

Monroe 

Greene 

Salt  Lake 

Sumter 

Scott 


Chambers 

Yell 

Clay 

Clay 

Wells 

Winneshiek.. 

Otter  Tail 

Allen 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Saginaw 

Hughes 

Hughes 

Boone 

Marion 

Schuylkill.... 

Calhoun 

Clayton 

Kalkaska 

Mahoning.... 

Gilmer 

Nevada 

Sioux 

Hempstead.... 

Sonoma 

Mono 

Mono 

Kendall 

Franklin 

Gasconade 

Union 

Daviess 

Carroll 

Henry 

Muhlenberg . 
Armstrong ... 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Walton 

Gentry 

Columbus 

Lincoln 

Jefferson 

Ontonagon.... 

Knox 

Saunders 

Traill 

Alleghany 

Wilcox 

Cherry 

Bergen 

Cleveland 

Lexington 

Perry 

Hempstead.... 
Montgomery. 

Ada 

Ada 

Lewis 

Logan 

Andrew 

Shelby 

Franklin 

Fayette 

Greene 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,960 
1,167 

433 
1,258 
1,245 

805 
2,714 
1,188 
1,624 

888 

129 
1,297 

513 
1.406 

447 
2,257 
1,945 

681 
1,048 

807 


602 
425 
107 
410 
859 


715 
162 


1,979 
749 

1,713 
76 

2,364 
807 
326 

1,290 

2,580 
170 

1,369 


489 

969 

1,049 


1,667 
367 
906 
657 
123 


1,385 
6,001 


346 
3,082 
1,261 
2,232 
1,303 


1,195 

3,654 

1,010 

2,098 

905 

582 

1,431 

1,110 

143 

2,294 


411 

629 


1,305 
892 
1,605 
1,504 
1,230 


1,899 


1,617 
346 
610 

4,321 
448 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bolinas,  Cal 

Bolivar,  Ark 

Bolivar,  Ark 

Bolivar,  Ind 

Bolivar,  Miss 

Bolivar,  Mo 

Bolivar,  N.Y 

Bolivar,  0 ~ 

Bolivar,  Pa 

Bolivar,  Tenn 

Bolivar,  W.Va 

Boliver,  Ala. 

Boiling,  Ky 

Bolo,  111 

Bolton,  Conn 

Bolton,  Kan 

Bolton,  Mass 

Bolton,  K.Y 

Bolton,  Vt 

Bombay,  N.Y 

Bonanza,  Col 

Bonanza,  Col 

Bonanza,  Idaho 

Bonanza,  Neb 

Bonanza  Bar,  Idaho.. 

Bonaparte,  Iowa 

Bonaparte,  Iowa 

Bonars.  Ky.. 
Bonaviile,  Kan., 
Bonbrook,  Va.. 
Bond,  111. 

Bondin,  Minn , 

Bondville,  Neb 

Bone  Creek,  Neb.... 

Bone  Gap,  111 

Bone  Lake,  Wis 

Bonfleld,Ill 

Bonham,  Ala 

Bonham,  Tex 

Bonhomnie,Mo 

Bonifay,  Fla 

Bonilla,  S.D 

Bonito,  N.M 

Bonne  Femme,  Mo.. 

Bunne  Terre,  Mo 

Bonny,  Ky 

Bono,  Ind 

Bonpas,  111 

Bonus,  111 , 

Boomer,  Iowa 

Boon,  Mich , 

Boone,  Ark , 

Boone,  Ark 

Boone,  Ark 

Boone,  111 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Iowa , 

Boone,  Iowa , 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Kan 

Boone,  Mo , 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo , 

Boone,  Neb , 

Boone,  N.C 

Boone,  N.C , 

Boone,  N.C 

Boonevllle,  Ark , 

Booneville,  Ky , 

Bonneville,  Miss 

Boon  Hill,  N.C 

Boon  Lake,  Minn.... 

Boon  Lick,  Mo 

Boonsborough,  Md. 
Boonsborough,  Md. 
Boon  Station,  N.C. 

Boonton,  N.J 

Boonville,  Ind 

Boonville,  Mo 

Boonville,  Mo 

Boonville,  N.Y 

Boonville,  N.Y 

Boonville,  N.C 

Booth,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
(place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Marin 

Jefferson 

Poinsett 

Benton 

Bolivar 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Tuscarawas 

Westmoreland. 

Hardeman 

Jefferson 

Jackson 

Perry 

Washington.... 

Tolland 

Cowley 

Worcester 

Warren 

Chittenden 

Franklin 

Saguache 

Saguache 

Custer 

Boone 

Cassia 

Van  Buren , 

Van  Buren 

Pendleton 

McPherson 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Murray 

Red  Willow.... 

Butler. 

Edwards 

Polk 

Kankakee 

Wilcox , 

Fannin 

St.  Louis , 

Holmes , 

Beadle , 

Lincoln , 

Howard 

Saint  Frangois. 

Morgan , 

Lawrence 

Richland , 

Boone 

Pottawattamie. 

Wexford 

Columbia , 

Logan 

Union 

Boone 

Cass 

Crawford 

Dubois 

Harrison 

Madison 

Porter 

Warrick 

Boone 

Dallas 

Hamilton 

Hancock , 

Wright 

Haskell 

Crawford 

Douglas , 

Franklin , 

Greene 

Maries 

Texas 

Wright 

Boone 

Davidson 

Watauga , 

Watauga , 

Logan 

Owsley 

Prentiss 

Johnston 

Renville 

Howard 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Alamance 

Morris 

Warrick 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Yadkin 

Palo  Alto 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


719 

1,020 

727 

995 


616 
1,029 

564 

378 
1,043 

822 


775 


512 
1,015 

903 
1,132 

674 
1,644 


1,252 
689 

1,1 
424 

2,257 

1,269 
326 


603 


1,904 

1,880 
7,043 


1,786 


488 
1,024 
1,246 
1,102 

870 

115 
1,111 
1,264 

800 
1,429 
1,440 

699 
1,138 
2,097 
1,308 
1,479 
4,668 
3,330 

938 
2,813 


209 


1,117 

482 

2,221 

2,160 

891 

399 

984 

382 

1.524 

1,289 

167 

275 

1,470 

603 

2,283 

454 

2,008 

2,262 

859 

1,150 

2,682 

1,182 

5,606 

3,854 

3,996 

1,677 

1,183 


366 
1,643 
1,302 
1,087 

102 
1,485 
2,233 

676 

410 
1,100 

804 
1,034 
1,051 
1,107 

462 
1,603 

827 
1,387 

547 
1,496 

118 
96 

166 

364 

60 

1,233 

762 
1,377 

329 
2,314 
1,458 

318 

325 

781 

981 
62 

150 

853 
3,361 
5,952 

383 

190 

359 
1,068 
3,719 

631 
1,021 
1,331 
1,015 

914 

764 
1,014 
1,735 

704 
1,474 
1,680 

746 
1,2.56 
1,961 
1,336 
1,357 
5,452 
6,520 

756 
2,829 

246 

348 

96 

1,271 

949 
2,734 
2,923 
1,166 

525 
1,043 

479 
1,631 
1,471 

144 

496 
1,794 

748 
2,650 

578 
1,532 
1,883 

766 
1,246 
3,307 
1,881 
5,714 
4,141 
3,609 
1,613 
1,391 

240 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Boothbay,  Me 

Boothbay  Harbor,  Me., 
Booth  Creek,  W.  Va.... 

Bordeaux,  Neb 

Bordeaux,  S.C 

Borden,  Ala 

Borden  Shaft,  Md 

Bordentown,  N.J 

Bordentown,  N.J 

Border,  Kan 

Bordley,  Ky 

Borka,  Alas 

Borona,  Cal 

Borough,  Pa 

Boscawen,  N.H 

BoBCobel,  Wis 

Boscobel,  Wis 

Boshart,  Ala 

Bosque  Seca,  N.M 

Bosquecito,  N.M 

Bossier  City,  La 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ga 

Boston,  Ga 

Boston,  Ind 

Boston,  Ind 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Mass 

Boston,  Mich 

Boston,  N.Y 

Boston,  0 

Boston,  0 

Bostwick,  Col 

Bostwick,  Neb 

Boswell,  Ind 

Boswell,  Ky 

Botland,  Ky 

Bottineau,  N.D 

Boudre,  111 

Boughton,  Ark 

Boulder,  Col 

Boulder,  Col 

Boulder,  Iowa 

Boulder,  Mont 

Boulder  Creek,  Cal 

Boulware,  Mo 

Boundary  Camp,  Alas. 

Bound  Brook,  N.J 

Bountiful,  Utah 

Bourbois,  Mo 

Bourbon,  111 

Bourbon,  Ind 

Bourbon,  Ind 

Bourbon,  Mo 

Bourbon,  Mo 

Bourbon,  Mo 

Bourbonnais,  111 

Bourne,  Mass 

Bourneville,  0 

Bovina,  Col 

Bovina,  N.Y 

Bovina,  Wis 

Bow,  N.H 

Bow  Creek,  Kan 

Bow  Creek,  Kan 

Bow  Creek,  Kan 

Bowdle,  S.D 

Bowdoin,  Me 

Bowdoiuham,  Me 

Bowdon,  Ga 

Bowdon,  Ga 

Bowdre,  111 

Bowen,  Ark 

Bowen,  111 

Bowen,  Neb 

Bowen,  N.D 

Bowersville,  Ga 

Bowie,  Ark 

Bowie,  Ark 

Bowie,  Md 

Bowie,  Tex 

Bowlan,  Mo 

Bowlesvllle,  111 

Bowling,  111 

Bowling  Green,  Fla.... 

Bowling  Green,  Ga 

Bowling  Green,  III 

Bowling  Green,  Ind.... 

Bowling  Green,  Ky 

Bowling  Green,  'K,y.... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

district 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

townablp 

post-vlir 

mag.jgiet 

mag.-dist 

village 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 


County. 


Lincoln , 

Lincoln , 

Taylor 

Dawes 

Abbeville.... 
Cleburne...., 
Alleghany.. 
Burlington. 
Burlington., 

Stanton 

tlDion 


San  Diego 

Beaver 

Merrimack.... 

Grant 

Grant 

Marshall 

Donna  Ana... 

Socorro 

Bossier 

Franklin 

Madison 

Newton 

Washington., 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Daviess 

Nelson 

Pendleton 

Whitley 

Suffolk 

Ionia 

Erie 

Clermont 

Summit 

Larimer. 

Nuckolls 

Benton 

Graves 

Nelson 

Bottineau 

Douglas 

Nevada 

Boulder 

Boulder. 

Linn 

Jefferson 

Santa  Cruz... 
Gasconade.... 


Somerset 

Davis 

Gasconade 

Douglas 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Boone 

Calloway 

Kn*x 

Kankakee 

Barnstable 

Ross 

Lincoln 

Delaware 

Outagamie 

Merrimack 

Phillips 

Rooks 

Sheridan 

Edmunds., 

Sagadahoc 

Sagadahoc 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Douglas 

Madison 

Hancock 

Sioux 

Sargent 

Hart 

Chicot 

Desha 

Prince  George's 

Montague 

Shannon 

Gallatin 

Rock  Island 

De  Soto 

Oglethorpe 

Fayette 

Clay 

Warren 

Warren 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,676 
i',665 


2,749 
742 


5,334 
4,268 


1,060 


376 
1,381 
1,616 
1,428 

712 


220 

652 

92 


3,591 
366 
936 
137 

1,614 

1,435 
202 

1,456 
362,839 

2,214 

1,617 
307 

1,221 


330 
1,294 


1,620 
929 


3,069 
1,027 


1,074 


934 
1,676 
1,076 
1,461 
3,199 
1,056 
2,832 
1,683 

800 
1,689 


200 


1,022 
690 
734 
479 
331 


1,136 

1,681 

1,172 

333 

1,620 

977 

289 


594 
1.612 


239 
736 
850 


1,162 
1,447 
572 
8,981 
5,114 

68 


1,718 

1,699 

1,663 

359 

3,261 

692 

1,062 

6,090 

4,232 

114 

1,165 

67 

36 

409 

1,487 

1,692 

1,570 

861 

265 

71 

202 

397 

980 

821 

580 

3,375 

646 

832 

146 

1,695 

937 

114 

?  1,500 

448,477 

1,940 

1,278 

292 

1,273 

265 

369 

568 

1,318 

847 

146 

1,896 

942 

3,647 

3,330 

988 

955 

489 

1,148 

18 

1,462 

2,438 

1,331 

1,665 

2,946 

1,064 

2,866 

1,078 

833 

1,523 

1,448 

205 

92 

1,007 

663 

725 

372 

198 

266 

426 

940 

1,.508 

1,756 

364 

1,896 

1,263 

376 

296 

159 

276 

1,470 

769 

1,681 

1,486 

264 

637 

738 

196 

1,421 

951 

467 

12,278 

7,808 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bowling  Green,  Mo. 
Bowling  Green,  Mo. 
Bowling  Green,  Mo. 
Bowling  Green,  0... 
Bowling  Green,  O... 
Bowling  Green,  0.... 
Bowling  Green,  Va. 
Bowling  Green,  Va.. 

Bowman,  Ark 

Bowman,  Ga 

Bowman,  Mo 

Bowne,  Mich 

Box,  Mo 

Boxborough,  Mass... 

Boxbutte,  Neb 

Boxbutte,  Neb 

Box  Elder,  Col , 

Box  Elder,  Neb 

Box  Elder,  Utah 

Boxford,  Mass 

Boxville,  Ky , 

Boxville,  Minn , 

Boyce,  La 

Boyd,  Ala 

Boyd,  Ark 

Boyd,  N.C 

Boyd,  N.D 

Boyd,  Wis 

Boyden,  Iowa 

Boyd's  Creek,  Tenn. 

Boydton,  Va 

Boyer,  Iowa 

Boyer,  Iowa 

Boyertown,  Pa 

Boyer  Valley,  Iowa 

Boykin,  Ala 

Boykins,  Va 

Boylston,  Mass , 

Boylston,  N.Y 

Boyne,  Mich 

Boyne  Valley,  Mich 

Boynton,  III 

Bozeman,  Ala 

Bozeman,  Ga 

Bozeman,  Mont , 

Bozeman,  Mont 

Bozrab,  Conn 

Brace,  Neb 

Braceville,  111 

Braceville,  III 

Braceville,  0 

Bracketts,  N.C 

Brackettville,  Tex... 

Braddock,  Pa 

Braddock,  Pa 

Braddyville,  Iowa... 

Bradford,  Alaska 

Bradford,  Col 

Bradford,  Col .. 

Bradford,  111 

Bradford,  111 

Bradford,  Iowa 

Bradford,  Me 

Bradford,  Mass 

Bradford,  Minn , 

Bradford,  Minn 

Bradford,  N.H 

Bradford,  N.Y 

Bradford,  O , 

Bradford,  0 , 

Bradford,  Pa 

Bradford,  Pa , 

Bradford,  Pa 

Bradford,  Tenn 

Bradford,  Tenn 

Bradford,  Vt 

Bradford,  Vt , 

Bradford,  Wis 

Bradfordsville,  Ky.. 
Bradfordsville,  Ky.. 

Bradley,  Ark 

Bradley,  Ark 

Bradley,  Cal 

Bradley,  111 

Bradley,  Me 

Bradshaw,  Ark 

Bradshaw.  Neb 

Bradshaw,  Neb 

Brady,  Mich 

Brady,  Mich 

Brady,  0 

Brady,  Pa 

Brady,  Pa 

Brady,  Pa 

Brady,  Pa 

Brady,  Pa 

64 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-towuJj 

civil-dist , 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

village 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post- town 

post-town 

village 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Huerfano 

Jefferson.. 

Lee 

Stark 

Chickasaw 

Penobscot 

Essex 

Isanti 

Wilkin 

Merrimack 

Steuben 

Darke 

Miami 

Clearfield 

McKean 

McKean 

Gibson 

Gibson 

Orange 

Orange 

Eock 

Marion 

Marion 

Ouachita 

Van  Buren 

Monterey 

Jackson 

Penobscot 

Clay 

York 

York 

Kalamazoo.... 

Saginaw 

Williams 

Butler... 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Huntingdon.., 
Lycoming 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,246 

1,105 

1,067 

992 

1,219 

1,539 

5,789 

426 

609 


2,184 

824 

1,329 


639 


461 

840 

"2,966 

'894 
1,155 

'i*,*906 
278 

1,019 
461 

1,126 


848 

606 

2,297 

1,460 

2,643 

375 


950 
937 
1,372 
1,338 
1,702 
2,699 
9,197 
1,229 


1,520 
619 
979 

1,679 
150 
315 
536 


1,762 
829 
634 


1,456 
1,247 
1,985 

772 
268 
1, 
909 
447 


1,413 

1,090 

1,564 

864 

1,093 

3,467 

6,083 

511 

737 

323 

1,768 

1,214 

3,493 

325 

741 

451 

62 

482 

2,139 

865 

1,417 

86 

301 

531 

650 

804 

39 

545 

277 

964 

5,467 

373 

1,470 

1,436 

974 

794 

3,949 

770 

1,081 

469 

609 

802 

346 

5,423 

2,796 

2,143 

1,005 

469 

5,638 

2,150 

972 

489 

1,649 

7,230 

8,561 

176 

166 

130 

175 

720 

604 

2,160 

1,215 

3,720 

468 

109 

810 

765 

1,338 

1,373 

1,981 

3,246 

10,514 

1,098 

222 

1,429 

610 

849 

1,787 

179 

354 

1,013 

1,106 

2,427 

823 

441 

1,089 

434 

1,410 

1,469 

1,903 

729 

■  237 

1,918 

817 

475 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Brady,  Tex 

Brady  Island,  Neb 

Brady's  Bend,  Pa 

Bragg,  Ark 

Braggadocio,  Mo 

Bragg's,  Ala 

Braidwood,  111 

Brainard,  Neb 

Brainard,  S.D 

Brainerd,  Kan 

Brainerd,  Minn 

Braintree,  Mass 

Braintree,  Vt 

Braintrim,  Pa 

Bramhall,  S.D 

Brampton,  N.D 

Bramwell,  W.Va 

Branch,  Mich 

Branch,  Pa 

Branchburg,  N.J 

Branche,  Ga 

Branchport,  N.Y 

Branchville,  Ala 

Branchville,  S.C 

Branchville,  S.C 

Branciforte,  Cal 

Brandenburg,  Ky 

Brandenburg,  N.D 

Brandon,  Ala 

Brandon,  Iowa 

Brandon,  Mich 

Brandon,  Minn 

Brandon,  Minn 

Brandon,  Miss 

Brandon,  Miss 

Brandon,  N.Y 

Brandon,  N.Y 

Brandon,  S.D 

Brandon,  Vt....: 

Brandon,  Va 

Brandon,  Wis 

Brandonville,  W.  Va 

Brandrup,  Minn 

Brandsvold,  Minn 

Brandt,  S.D 

Brandy  Springs,  Ky 

Brandywine,  Del 

Brandywine,  Ind 

Brandywine,  Ind 

Brandywine,  Md 

Branford,  Conn 

Branford,  Fla '.'. 

Brannan,  Ala 

Brannan,  Wis 

Branneu,  Ala 

Brant,  Mich 

Brant,  N.Y 

Brantford,  Kan 

Brantford,  S.D 

Brantley,  Ga 

Brantley,  Ga 

Brantley,  Tex 

Brashear,  Mo 

Brasher,  N.Y 

Brasher  Falls,  N.Y 

Brassfield,  N.C 

Brasstown,  Ga 

Brasstown,  Ga 

Brasstown,  N.C 

Brasswell,  Ga 

Brattleboro',  Vt 

Brattleboro',  Vt 

Bratton,  0 

Bratton,  Pa 

Braun  Sch'I  H'se,  Tenn. 

Brawley,  Ark 

Bray,  Minn 

Braymer,  Mo 

Brayton,  Iowa 

Brayton,  Neb 

Brazeau,  Mo 

Brazil,  Ind 

Brazil,  Ind 

Brazil,  Iowa 

Brazil,  Tenn 

Brazoria,  Tex 

Breaux  Bridge,  La 

Breckenridge,  Ark 

Breckenridge,  Col 

Breckenridge,  Minn.... 
Breckenridge,  Minn.... 

Breckenridge,  Mo 

Breckenridge,  Mo 

Breckeni'idge,  Tex 

Brecknock,  Pa 

Brecknock,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

hundred 

township 

township 

post-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


McCulloch 

Lincoln 

Armstrong 

Ouachita 

Pemiscot 

Lowndes 

Will 

Butler 

Brown 

Butler 

Crow  Wing 

Norfolk 

Orange 

Wyoming 

Hyde 

Sargent 

Mercer 

Mason 

Schuylkill 

Somerset 

Greene 

Yates 

Saint  Clair 

Orangeburg 

Orangeburg 

Santa  Cruz 

Meade 

Richland 

DeKalb 

Jackson 

Oakland 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Rankin 

Rankin 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Minnehaha 

Rutland 

Prince  George.. 
Fond  du  Lac  ... 

Preston 

Wilkins 

Polk 

Deuel 

Garrard 

New  Castle 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Prince  George's 

New  Haven 

Suwannee 

Dale 

Price 

Coffee 

Saginaw 

Erie 

Washington 

Hamlin 

Marion 

Walton 

Montgomery.... 

Adair 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Granville 

Towns 

Union 

Clay 

Paulding 

Windham 

Windham 

Adams 

Mifflin 

Weakley 

Scott 

Polk 

Caldwell 

Audubon 

Greeley 

Perry 

Clay 

Clay 

Appanoose 

Gibson 

Brazoria 

Saint  Martin.... 

Jackson 

Summit 

Wilkins 

Wilkins 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Stephens 

Berks 

Lancaster 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


115 

69 

2,340 


214 

1,118 

5,524 

61 


1,865 

3,855 

1,051 

670 


400 

986 
1,316 
1,009 

271 
1,935 
2,010 

517 


587 


1,080 

1,367 

361 


4,195 
864 
815 


3,280 

1,494 

601 

107 


2,540 
3,549 
1,216 
1,400 
1,867 
3,047 


637 
278 
676 
860 
1,527 


1,274 
1.022 


164 
3,578 
513 
2,588 
859 
234 
507 


5,880 
4,471 
1,053 
1,028 
887 
417 


1,576 
4,346 
3,441 


1,166 
676 
443 

1,253 


436 


1,704 
777 
497 
923 

1,653 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Bauk  of 
place. 


BrecksviUe,  0 

Breda,  Iowa ■ 

Breedsville,  Mich 

Breen,  Mich 

Breeae,  111 

Breese,  111 

BreituDg,  Mich 

Breitung,  Minn 

Bremen,  Ala , 

Bremen,  Ga 

Bremen,  Ga. 

Bremen,  111 

Bremen,  111 

Bremen,  Ind 

Bremen,  Iowa 

Bremen,  Me 

Bremen,  0 

Bremond,  Tex 

Brenham,  Kan 

Brenham,  Tex 

Brenna,  Neb 

Brenna,  N.D 

Brenton,  111 

BrentBville,  Va 

Brentwood,  N.H 

BreBlaw,  N.Y 

Breton,  Mo 

Bretton,  S.D 

Brevard,  N.C 

Brevard,  N.D... 

Brevort,  Mich 

Brewer,  Ark 

Brewer,  Ark 

Brewer,  Ga.. 

Brewer,  Me 

Brewer,  N.C 

Brewersville,  Ala 

Brewerton,  N.T 

Brewerville,  III 

Brewington,  S.C 

Brewster,  Mass 

Brewster,  Neb 

Brewton,  Ala 

Brewton,  Ala 

Brexton,  N.D 

Briar,  Tex 

Briar  Creek,  Mo 

Briar  Creek,  Pa 

Briceville,  Tenn 

Brick,  N.J 

Brick  Store,  Ga 

Brickville,  Ala.... 

Bridge  Creek,  Ark 

Bridge  Creek,  Ga 

Bridge  Creek,  Wis 

Bridgehampton,  Mich. 
Bridgehampton,  N.Y... 

Bridgeport,  Ala 

Bridgeport,  Cal 

Bridgeport,  Cal 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Bridgeport,  111 

Bridgeport,  111 

Bridgeport,  Ky 

Bridgeport,  Mich 

Bridgeport,  Mo 

Bridgeport,  0 

Bridgeport,  Ore 

Bridgeport,  Ore 

Bridgeport,  Pa 

Bridgeport,  Pa 

Bridgeport,  Pa 

Bridgeport,  Tetin 

Bridgeport,  Tex 

Bridgeport,  \V.  Va 

Bridgeport,  Wis 

Bridges,  Mo 

Bridgeton,  Mich 

Bridgeton,  Mo 

Bridgeton,  N.J 

Bridgeton,  Pa 

Bridgeville,  Del 

Bridgewater,  Conn 

Bridgewater,  Me 

Bridgewater,  Mass 

Bridgewater,  Mich 

Bridgewater,  Minn 

Bridgewater,  N.H 

Bridgewater,  N.J 

Bridgewater,  N.Y 

Bridgewater,  O 

Bridgewater,  Pa 

Bridgewater,  Pa 

Bridgewater,  S.D 

Bridgewater,  S.D 

Bridgewater,  Vt 


post-twp 

poet-vill 

po8t>vilI 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

borough 

post-boro' 

village 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city. 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Cuyahoga 

Carroll 

Van  Buren 

Menominee 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Menominee 

St.  Louis 

Cullman 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Cook 

Randolph 

Marshall 

Delaware 

Lincoln 

Fairfield 

Robertson 

Kiowa 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Grand  Forks.... 

Ford 

Prince  William 
Rockingham.... 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Hughes 

Transylvania.... 
Transylvania.... 

Mackinac 

Howard 

Pike 

Newton 

Penobscot 

Cabarrus 

Sumter 

Onondaga 

Randolph 

Clarendon 

Barnstable 

Blaine 

Escambia 

Escambia 

Traill 

Wise 

Ripley 

Columbia 

Anderson 

Ocean.. 

Newton 

Lawrence 

Ouachita.......... 

Colquitt........... 

Eau  Claire 

Sanilac 

Suffolk 

JackKun 

Mono 

Nevada 

Fairfield 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Franklin 

Saginaw 

Warren 

Belmont 

Baker 

Polk 

Fayette 

Montgomery.... 
Westmoreland 

Cocke 

Wise 

Harrison 

Crawford 

Ozark 

Newaygo 

St.  Louis 

Cumberland 

Bucks 

Sussex 

Litchfield 

Aroostook 

Plymouth 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Grafton 

Somerset 

Oufida 

Williams 

Beaver 

Susquehanna.... 

McCook 

McCook 

Windsor 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,095 
109 
300 
646 

1,739 
574 

4,569 


243 


1,653 
707 

1,028 
993 
839 
248 
758 


4,101 


1,342 

1,285 
999 
606 

2,591 


223 
1,256 


892 

294 

1,113 

3,170 

1,422 

1,682 

305 

667 

508 

1,144 


1,660 


1,172 


2,990 

1,419 

1,913 

651 

882 

778 

1,634 

1,253 


2,116 

29,148 

890 

460 

1,693 

1,644 

1,236 

2,395 

187 

374 

1,134 

1,802 

635 

694 

39 

395 

448 

1,141 

388 

197 

8,722 

1,058 

398 

708 

722 

3,620 

1,255 

1,683 

384 

7,997 

1,218 

1,398 

1,112 

1,517 


1,084 


1,026 

256 

212 

138 

1,827 

808 

759 

6 

672 

749 

312 

1,453 

668 

1,076 

976 

719 

244 

387 

220 

5,209 

383 

310 

1,315 

1,419 

967 

974 

2,494 

94 

327 

1,439 

313 

682 

434 

1,090 

4,193 

1,470 

1,973 

336 

939 

755 

1,003 

374 

2,820 

1,115 

1,021 

303 

310 

1,292 

1,354 

4,065 

1,809 

1,544 

754 

916 

1,122 

1,479 

1,394 

1,131 

335 

1,053 

48,866 

660 

474 

1,652 

1,813 

983 

3,369 

282 

610 

1,030 

2,661 

1,001 

508 

498 

465 

410 

1,695 

584 

237 

11,424 

846 

576 

617 

946 

4,249 

1,084 

1,058 

332 

9,323 

1,073 

1,390 

1,177 

1,220 

771 

410 

1,124 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bridgton,  Me 

Bridport,  Vt 

Briensburg,  Ky 

Briensburg,  Ky 

Brierfield  Gap,  Ky... 

Brier  Hill,  Ky 

Brier  Patch,  Ga 

Briggsville,  Ark 

Brigham,  Wis 

Brigham  City,  Utah. 

Brighton,  Cal 

Brighton,  Col 

Brighton,  Col 

Brighton,  111 

Brighton,  111 

Brighton.Ill 

Brighton,  Iowa 

Brighton,  Iowa 

Brighton,  Me 

Brighton,  Mich 

Brighton,  Mich 

Brighton,  Minn 

Brighton,  N.Y 

Brighton,  N.Y 

Brighton,  N.Y 

Brighton,  0 

Brighton,  Pa 

Brighton,  Tenn 

Brighton,  Utah 

Brighton,  Vt 

Brighton,  Wis 

Brighton,  Wis 

Brighton  City,  Iowa. 

Brightsville,  S.C 

Brightwater,  Ark.... 
Brightwood,  Ind.... 

Brightwood,  N.D 

Briley,  Mich 

Brilliant,  O 

Brillion,  Wis 

Brillion,  Wis 

Brimfield,  111 

Brimfield,  111 

Brimfield,  Mass 

Brimfield,  0 

Brimstone,  Tenn 

Brindley,  Ala 

Brindley,  Ala 

Brindley,  Ala 

Brinkerhoff,  Neb 

Brinkley,  Ark 

Brinkley,  Ark 

Brinkley,  Ky 

Brinkley,  Md 

BrinkleyviUe,N.C... 
Brinkleyville,  N.C... 

Brinnon,  Wash 

Brisbin,  Pa 

Bristo,  Ky 

Bristol,  Col 

Bristol,  Conn 

Bristol,  Fla 

Bristol,  111 

Bristol,  Ind 

Bristol,  luwa 

Bristol,  Iowa 

Bristol,  Me 

Bristol,  Minn 

Bristol,  Neb 

Bristol,  N.H 

Bristol,  N.Y 

Bristol,  0 

Bristol,  O 

Bristol,  Pa 

Bristol,  Pa 

Bristol,  B.I 

Bristol,  S.D 

Bristol,  S.D 

Bristol,  S.D 

Bristol,  Tenn 

Bristol,  Tex 

Bristol,  Vt 

Bristol,  Va 

Bristol,  Wis 

Bristol,  Wis 

Bristow,  Iowa 

Bristow,  Ky 

Britt,  Iowa , 

Britt,  Iowa 

Britten,  Ore 

Britton,  S.D 

Britton's  Neck,  S.C. 

Britts,  N.C 

Broadalbin,  N.Y 

Broadalbin,  N.Y 

Broad  Bay,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 
post-town 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mil.-dist 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
post-prect 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-twp 
civil-dist 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
district 
township 
post-vill 
post-prect 
post-boro' 
township 
precinct 
post-town 
post-prect 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
post-town 
township 
township 
-     'vill 
town 
:-town 
r— i-town 
township 
township 


post- 
post-: 
poBt- 
post-i 


post 
post- 
mag 


twp 
twp 

dist 


townsh 
post- 
post-; 
post- 
post 
post 


lip 
■vill 
■prect 
•vill 
■twp 
•twp 


township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Cumberland.. 

Addison 

Marshall 

Marshall , 

Harlan 

Fayette 

Bulloch 

Yell 

Iowa 

Box  Elder 

Sacramento... 

Arapahoe 

Arapahoe 

Jersey 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Cass 

Washington.. 

Somerset 

Livingston  ... 
Livingston ... 

Nicollet 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Lorain 

Beaver 

Tipton 

Salt  Lake 


Kenosha 

Marathon 

Washington.... 
Marlborough... 

Benton 

Marion 

Richland 

Montmorency., 

Jefferson 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Hampden 

Portage 

Scott 

Cherokee 

Cullman.- 

DeKalb 

Rock 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Calloway 

Somerset 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Jefferson 

Clearfield 

Rowan 

Larimer 

Hartford 

Liberty 

Kendall 

Elkhart 

Greene 

Worth 

Lincoln 

Fillmore 

Sherman 

Grafton 

Ontario 

Morgan 

Trumbull 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Bristol 

Aurora 

Day 

Day 

Sullivan 

Ellis 

Addison 

Washington.... 

Dane 

Kenosha 

Butler 

Warren 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Baker 

Marshall 

Marion 

Robeson 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Forsyth 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,863 
1,167 
l,3;i9 
67 
299 
1,586 
2,406 


1,877 
1,196 


83 

2,030 

691 

1,153 

1,427 

585 

1,793 

803 

235 

267 

3,736 

198 

517 

815 

104 

387 

1,691 

1,024 

726 


1,889 

1,417 

679 


361 
1,214 

278 
1,843 

832 
1,203 
1,030 

495 


1,437 
325 
1,883 
2,926 
3,610 


5,347 
387 

1,248 
661 
726 
767 

3,190 

1,010 


1,352 
1,650 
1,448 
1,162 
1,682 
6,273 
6,028 


1,647 


1,579 

1,562 

1,139 

1,069 

198 

3,296 

500 

345 


1,420 
1,451 
2,175 


1,103 


2,606 

1,018 

1,745 

87 

269 

2,462 

2,605 

562 

1,341 

2,139 

1,282 

500 

306 

45 

1,749 

697 

1,089 

642 

434 

1,676 

741 

285 

480 

4,53a 

705 

638 

773 

214 

224 

2,020 

926 

686 

861 

1,985 

960 

1,387 

366 

338 

944 

1,510 

582 

1,589 

719 

1,096 

1,033 

575 

473 

692 

474 

188 

2,741 

1,510 

2,071 

3,341 

3,480 

82 

225 

1,508 

105 

64 

7,382 

363 

1,211 

535 

760 

792 

2,821 

969 

592 

1,524 

1,510 

1,213 

1,184 

1,591 

6,553 

6,478 

171 

450 

199 

3,324 

30:t 

1,828 

2,902 

1,093 

1,071 

257 

3,092 

978 

818 

192 

514 

1,406 

1,607 

2,021 

708 

1,508 


65 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Broad  Creek,  Del...., 

Broadford,  Idaho 

Broadkiln,  Del 

Broadland,  S.D 

Broadlawn,  N.D 

Broad  River,  Ga 

Broad  River,  N.C 

Broad  River,  S.C 

Broad  River,  S.C 

Broad  Run,  Va. 

Broad  Top,  Pa 

Broad  Top  Pa 

Broadway,  S.C 

Broadway,  Va 

Broadwell,  111 

Broadwell,  111 

Brock,  Ala 

Brock,  Neb , 

Brockport,  N.Y 

Brocks,  Utah 

Brockton,  Mass 

Brockway,  Mich 

Brockway,  Hinn  .... 
Brockwayville,  Pa... 

Brocton,  111 

Brocton,  N.Y 

Brodhead,  Ky, 

Brodhead,  Wis 

Brodheadsville,  Pa.. 

Brogden,  N.C 

Broken  Arrow,  Ala.. 
Broken  Arrow,  Ga... 
Broken  Bow,  Neb.... 
Broken  Bow,  Neb.... 

Brokenstraw,  Pa 

Bromfleld,  Neb 

Bronaugh,  Mo 

Bronson,  Fla 

Bronson,  Fla 

Bronson,  Kan 

Bronson,  Mich 

Bronson,  Mich 

Bronson,  Neb 

Bronson,  0 

Bronwood,  Ga 

Brook,  Ga 

Brookdale,  Kan 

Brookfield,  Conn 

Brookfield,  111. 

Brookfleld,  Iowa 

Brookfield,  Iowa 

Brookfield,  Mass 

Brookfield,  Mich  .... 

Brookfield,  Mich 

Brookfield,  Minn 

Brookfleld,  Mo 

Brookfield,  Mo 

Brookfield,  N.H 

Brookfleld,  N.Y 

Brookfleld,  N.Y 

Brookfield,  0 

Brookfield,  0 

Brookfield,  Pa 

Brookfield,  S.D 

Brookfield,  Vt , 

Brookfield,  Wis..  .... 

Brookhaven,  Miss... 
Brookhaven,  N.Y... 

Brooking,  Mo 

Brookings,  S.D 

Brookings,  S.D 

Brookland,  Ark 

Brookland,  Va 

Brooklin,  Me 

Brookline,  Mass 

Brookline,  Mo 

Brookline,  N.H 

Brookline,  Vt 

Brooklyn,  Ala 

Brooklyn,  Cal 

Brooklyn,  Conn 

Brooklyn,  Ga 

Brooklyn,  111 

Brooklyn,  111 

Brooklyn,  111 

Brooklyn,  111 

Brooklyn,  Iowa 

Brooklyn,  Mich 

Brooklyn,  Minn 

Brooklyn,  N.Y 

Brooklyn,  O 

Brooklyn,  Pa 

Brooklyn,  S.D 

Brooklyn,  W.  Va..., 

Brooklyn,  Wis 

Brooklyn,  Wis........ 

66 


Bank  of 
place. 


hundred 

precinct 

hundred 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-ilist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

poat-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

I)ost-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 


•      County. 


Sussex 

Logan 

Sussex 

Beadle  

Steele 

Wilkes 

McDowell 

Lexington 

York 

Loudoun 

Bedford 

Huntingdon.... 

Anderson 

Rockingham.... 

Logan 

Logan 

Etowah 

Nemaha 

Monroe 

Emery 

Plymouth 

Saint  Clair 

Stearns 

Jefferson 

Edgar 

Chautauqua..... 

Rock  Castle 

Green 

Monroe 

Wayne 

Saint  Clair 

Walton 

Custer 

Custer 

Warren 

Hamilton 

Vernon 

Levy 

Levy 

Bourbon 

Branch 

Branch 

Cheyenne 

Huron 

Terrell „... 

Walton 

Rush 

Fairfield 

La  Salle 

Clinton 

Worth 

Worcester 

Eaton 

Huron 

Renville 

Linn 

Linn 

Carroll 

Madison 

Madison 

Noble 

Trumbull 

Tioga 

McCook 

Orange 

Waukesha 

Lincoln 

Suffolk 

Jackson 

Brookings , 

Brookings , 

Craighead , 

Henrico 

Hancock 

Norfolk 

Greene 

Hillsborough... 

Windham 

Conecuh 

Alameda 

Windham 

Madison 

Lee 

Massac 

Massac 

Schuyler. 

Poweshiek 

Jackson 

Hennepin 

Kiags 

Cuyahoga 

Susquehanna.. 

Lincoln 

Wetzel 

Green 

Green  Lake 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,624 
"2^677 


1,278 

577 

2,426 

2,246 

3,308 

1,446 

298 

1,903 

323 

866 

214 

456 


4.039 


13,608 

1,839 

743 

360 


288 


1,254 


3,632 
1,290 
1,363 


1,212 


2,116 
826 


1,092 


770 

504 

1,152 

1,087 

1,037 

616 

2,820 

1,425 

432 

178 

3,133 

2,264 

428 

3,685 


1,000 

2,559 

910 


1,239 
2,096 
1,615 
11,544 
1,247 


4,117 

977 

8,057 

1,822 

698 

205 

1,266 

7,484 

2,308 

1,222 

1,296 

912 


1,134 
1,234 
470 
1,060 
566,663 
4,433 
1,100 


1,176 
1,364 


3,074 

320 

2,464 

151 

177 

1,097 

694 

2,668 

2,670 

3,463 

2,370 

240 

2,181 

497 

849 

231 

498 

348 

3,742 

50 

27,294 

2,237 

923 

929 

292 

812 

277 

1,461 

654 

3,725 

1,290 

1,286 

2,619 

1,647 

1,224 

195 

148 

651 

291 

352 

1,991 

875 

242 

926 

406 

629 

310 

989 

881 

925 

7a3 

3,352 

1,344 

867 

227 

5,458 

4,547 

349 

3,262 

661 

908 

1,713 

1,021 

365 

996 

1,960 

2,142 

12,772 

1,416 

1,890 

1,618 

817 

6,347 

1,046 

12,103 

900 

548 

162 

957 

3,108 

2,628 

1,884 

1,154 

924 

216 

1,138 

1,202 

696 

1,254 

806,343 

10,319 

1,000 

434 

285 

1,205 

1,280 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Brooklyn  Village,  0.. 

Brooks,  Ala 

Brooks,  Iowa 

Brooks,  Me 

Brooks,  Mich 

Brooksburg,  Ind 

Brookside,  Ala 

Brookside,  Col 

Brookside,  111 

Brookside,  111 

Brooks'  Station,  Ga... 

Brookston,  Ind 

Brookston,  Tex 

Brooksville,  Ala 

Brooksville,  Ala, 

Brooksville,  Fla 

Brooksville,  Me 

Brookton,  Me 

Brookville,  111 

Brookville,  Ind 

Brookville,  Ind 

Brookville,  Kan 

Brookville,  Ky 

Brookville,  Ky 

Brookville,  Minn 

Brookville,  Miss 

Brookville,  0 

Brookville,  Pa 

Brookville,  Va 

Broome,  N.Y 

Broomtown,  Ala 

Brothers  Valley,  Pa.. 

Brothertown.  Wis 

Broughton,  111 

Brouillett  Creek,  111. 
Broussard  Cove,  La... 

Brower,  N.C 

Browerville,  Minn.... 

Brown,  Ala. 

Brown,  Ala 

Brown,  Ala 

Brown,  Ark 

Brown,  Ark« 

Brown,  111 

Brown,  111 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Iowa 

Brown,  Kan 

Brown,  Kan 

Brown,  Mich 

Brown,  Neb 

Brown,  O 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  O 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  O 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  Pa 

Brown,  Pa 

Brown,  S.D 

Brown,  Tenn 

Brown  City,  Mich 

Brown  Creek,  Kan... 

Brownfield,  Me 

Brown  Grove,  Kan... 

Brownhelm,  0 

Brown  Hill,  Va , 

Browning,  Ga 

Browning,  Ga 

Browning,  111 

Browning,  111 

Browning,  Mo 

Browning,  Mo , 

Browning,  Wis 

Brownington,  Mo 

Brownington,  Vt , 

Brown  Marah,  N.C... 

Brown's,  Ala 

Browns,  111 

Brownsboro'  Ky 

Brownsburg,  Ind 

Brownsburg,  Va 

Brownsdale,  Minn.... 
Brown  Station,  Ga.... 

Brown  Store,  Va 

Brownstown,  Ind 

Brownstown,  Ind 

Brownstown,  Mich.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


poBt-vill 
precinct 
township 
post-town 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
port-prect 
township 
village 
mil.-dist 
post-town 
post-town 
post-prect 
precinct 
post-town 
post-town 
post-town 
I)Ost-twp 
township 
iwst-vill 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
mag.-dist 
township 
post-prect 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
ward 
township 
village 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
civil-dist 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
township 
post-twp 
mag.-dist 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
township 
post-twp 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
post-prect 
post-prect 
mag.-dist 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-vill 
mil.-dist 
mag.-dist 
township 
post-vill 
I  township 


County. 


Cuyahoga 

Lowndes 

Buena  Vista 

Waldo 

Newaygo 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Fremont 

Clinton 

Madison 

Fayette... 

White 

Lamar 

Blount..... 

Coosa 

Hernando 

Hancock 

Washington 

Ogle 

Franklin ;.... 

Franklin 

Saline 

Bracken 

Bracken 

Redwood 

Noxubee 

Montgomery.... 

Jefferson 

Campbell 

Schoharie 

Cherokee 

Somerset 

Calumet 

Livingston 

Edgar 

Vermilion 

Randolph 

Todd 

Crenshaw 

Fayette 

Lamar 

Clay 

Columbia. 

Champaign 

Edwards 

Hancock 

Hendricks 

Martin 

Montgomery.... 

Morgan 

Ripley 

Washington 

Linn 

Clark 

Edwards 

Manistee 

York 

Carroll 

Darke 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Knox 

Miami 

Paulding 

Vinton 

Lycoming 

Mifllin 

Walworth 

Unicoi 

Sanilac 

Jewell 

Oxford 

Pawnee 

Lorain 

Franklin 

De  Kalb 

Polk 

Franklin 

Schuyler 

Linn 

Sullivan 

Taylor 

Henry 

Orleans 

Bladen 

Dallas 

Edwards 

Oldham 

Hendricks 

Rockbridge 

Mower 

Terrell 

Lunenburg 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wayne 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,296 

2,034 

223 

877 

1,497 

148 


951 

36 

762 

561 


831 


1,419 
336 
786 

4,315 

1,813 
511 

2,880 
378 
326 
284 
574 

2,136 
20,318 

1,636 


1,664 
1,752 
1,010 
1,417 
1,353 
1,047 


720 
690 


1,206 
1,119 


1,400 
1,322 
1,234 
2,338 
1,651 
2,067 
1,463 
1,409 


360 
633 


2,305 
1,909 
1,178 

982 
1,152 
1,863 
1,468 
1,241 

296 
1,376 


137 


666 
1,229 

570 
1,497 
2,055 
1,251 


1,111 

1,528 
187 
93 


261 

854 

993 

1,372 


999 

667 

220 

346 

1,367 

2,122 

3,165 

849 

2,567 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Brownstown,  Pa 

Brownstown,  W.  Va.... 
Brown's  Valley,  Minn. 

Brownsville,  Ind 

Brownsville,  lud 

Brownsville,  Ky 

Brownsville,  Ky 

Brownsville,  Minn 

Brownsville,  Minn 

Brownsville,  Ore 

Brownsville,  Ore 

Brownsville,  Pa 

Brownsville,  Pa 

Brownsville,  S.C 

Brownsville,  Tenn 

Brownsville,  Tex 

Brownton,  Minn 

Brown  Valley,  Minn... 

Brownville,  Ala 

Brownville,  Col , 

Brownville,  Me 

Brownville,  Neb , 

Brownville,  Neb 

Brownville,  N.Y 

Brownville,  N.Y 

Brownwood,  Tex 

BroxBon,  S.C 

Bruce,  111 

Bruce,  Iowa 

Bruce,  Mich 

Bruce,  Mich. 

Bruceville,  Ala 

Brule,  Neb 

Brule,  S.D 

Brule,  S.D 

Brul6,  Wis 

Bruneau,  Idaho 

Bruno,  Kan 

Branson,  S.C 

Brunswick,  Ga 

Brunswick,  Me 

Brunswick,  Minn 

Brunswick,  Mo 

Brunswick,  Mo 

Brunswick,  N.Y 

Brunswick,  0 

Brunswick,  Vt 

Brunswick,  Wis 

Brush,  Col 

Brush,  Col 

Brush,  Ky 

Brush  Creek,  Ala 

Brush  Creek,  Ark 

Brush  Creek.  Col 

Brush  Creek,  111 

Brush  Creek,  Iowa 

Brush  Creek,  Ky 

Brush  Creek,  Minn 

Brush  Creek,  Mo 

Brush  Creek,  Mo 

Brush  Creek,  Neb 

Brush  Creek,  N.C 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brash  Creek,  Ore 

Brush  Creek,  Pa 

Brushton,  N.Y 

Brush  Vallev,  Pa 

Brushy,  111." 

Brushy  Creek,  Ala 

Brushy  Creek,  S.C 

Brusliy  Knobs,  6a 

Brushy  Lake,  Ark 

Brushy  Mound,  111 

Brushy  Mountain,  N.C, 

Brusly  Landing,  La 

Brussels,  111 

Brussels,  Wis 

Bniton,  Va 

Brutus,  N.Y 

Bryan,  N.C 

Bryiin,  0 

Bryan,  Tex 

Bryant,  Ark 

Bryant,  Ga. 

Bryant,  111 

Bryant,  Iowa 

Bryant,  Kan 

Bryant,  Neb 

Bryant,  S.D 

Bryant,  S.D 

Bryantown,  Md 

Bryant's,  Ga 

Bryantsville,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


village 

post-vill 

poBt-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post  boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

mil.-dist 

precinct 


County. 


Cambria 

Kanawha 

Traverse 

Union 

Union 

Edmonson 

Edmonson 

Houston 

Houston 

Linn 

Linn 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Marlborough.... 

Haywood 

Cameron 

McLeod 

Big  Stone 

Clay 

Clear  Creek 

Piscataquis 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

Jeffei'son 

Jefferson 

Brown 

Colleton 

La  Salle 

Benton 

Chippewa 

Macomb 

Bullock 

Keith 

Brul6 

Union 

Douglas 

Owyhee 

Butler 

Hampton 

Glyun 

Cumberland 

Kanabec 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Bensselaer 

Medina 

Essex 

Eau  Claire 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Monroe 

Perry 

Washington 

Eagle 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Knox 

Faiilmult 

Gasconade 

Wright 

Saline 

Yancey 

Highland 

Jefferson 

Muskingum 

Scioto 

Linn 

Fulton 

Franklin 

Indiana 

Saline 

Conecuh 

Anderson 

Henry 

Cross 

Macoupin 

Wilkes 

W.  Baton  Rouge 

Calhoun 

Door — 

York..: 

Cayuga 

Surry 

Williams 

Brazos 

Saline 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Clinton 

Graham 

Fillmore. 

Edmunds 

Hamlin 

Charles 

Franklin 

Garrard 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


273 
64 

1,197 
308 

1,513 
116 
706 
607 

1,259 
143 
246 

1,489 

1,938 


4,938 

75 

336 

904 


896 
1,601 
1,309 
2,624 

409 

725 
2,317 
6,508 

774 


2,103 
1,531 


634 

167 

2,891 

5,384 


4,164 

1,801 

3,402 

943 

193 


1,367 

767 
790 


1,582 
417 
687 
561 
683 
665 
792 
395 

1,651 
623 

1,210 

2,093 
344 
820 
328 

1,365 

1,540 
513 

2,459 
646 
342 
917 
684 
216 


999 

1,828 
2,736 
1,295 
2.952 


287 
1,110 
449 
125 
285 
499 


2,758 

854 

2,874 


560 

307 

498 

992 

258 

1,772 

113 

396 

447 

1,298 

580 

252 

1,417 

2,229 

2,516 

6,134 

384 

486 

718 

347 

1,074 

1,262 

980 

3,110 

666 

2,176 

2,828 

12,261 

741 

1,318 

2,021 

1,390 

179 

288 

938 

386 

232 

765 

470 

8,459 

6,012 

340 

3,989 

1,748 

3,654 

865 

160 

1,765 

363 

112 

12,30 

874 

1,050 

241 

1,602 

593 

927 

719 

811 

632 

837 

440 

1,589 

539 

1,413 

2,948 

178 

682 

598 

1,180 

1,593 

745 

3,180 

705 

386 

849 

740 

316 

228 

1,085 

1,768 

2,871 

l,5:i4 

3,068 

2,979 

824 

998 

309 

91 

270 

1,073 

215 

172 

2,275 

1.416 

2,915 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bryantsville,  Ky 

Bryson,  Tex 

Buchanan,  Ga 

Buchanan,  Ga 

Buchanan,  Iowa 

Buchanan,  Iowa. 

Buchanan,  Mich 

Buchanan,  Mich 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan, Mo 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan,  Neb 

Buchanan,  Tex 

Buchanan,  Va 

Buchanan,  Va 

Buchanan,  Wis 

Bucherville,  Idaho 

Buck,  111 

Buck,  O 

Buck,  Pa 

Buck  Branch,  Ga 

Buck  Creek,  Ind 

Buck  Creek,  Ky 

Buckeye,  Cal 

Buckeye,  Ga 

Buckeye,  Ga 

Buckeye,  111 

Buckeye,  Iowa 

Buckeye,  Kan 

Buckeye,  Kan 

Buckeye,  Kan 

Buckeye,  Ky 

Buckeye,  Mich 

Buckeye,  N.D 

Buckeye,  S.D 

Buckeye  City,  0 

Buckeystown,  Md 

Buckfield,  Me 

Buckhannon,  W.  Va.  .. 
Buckhannon,  W.  Va.... 

Buckhart,  111 

Buckhart,  HI 

Buckhead,  Ga 

Buckhead,  Ga 

Buckholts,  Tex 

Buckhorn,  Ala 

Buckhorn,  Ark 

Buckhorn,  Ark 

Buckhorn,  Col 

Buckhorn,  111 

Buckhorn,  N.C 

Buckhorn,  N.C 

Buckhorn,  Va 

Buckingham,  III 

Buckingham,  Iowa 

Buckingham,  Pa 

Buckingham,  Pa 

Buckland,  Mass 

Buckley,  111 

Buckley,  Neb 

Buckley,  Wash 

Bucklin,  Kan 

Bucklin,  Mo 

Bucklin,  Mo 

Buckman,  Minn 

Buckner,  Ark 

Buckner,  Mo 

Buck  Prairie,  Mo 

Bucks,  0 

Bucks,  Pa 

Bucks,  8.0 

Buck  Shoal,  N.C 

Buckskin,  0 

Bucksnort,  Ala 

Bucksnort,  Ky 

Bucksport,  Cal 

Bucksport,  Me 

Bucktown,  Md 

Bucoda,  Wash 

Bucyrus,  O 

Bucvrus,  0 

Buda,  111 

Buda,  Neb 

Buel,  Mich 

Buell  Lowell,  0 

Buena  Vista,  Ark 

Buena  Vista,  Ga 

Buena  Vista,  Ga 

Buena  Vista,  111 

Buena  Vista,  Iowa 

Buena  Vista,  Iowa 

Buena  Vista,  Ky 

Buena  Vista,  Mich 

Buena  Vista,  N.J 

Buena  Vista,  N.M........ 

Buena  Vista,  N.M....\.. 


Banker 
place. 


post-vill 

jus.-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

poet-twp 

township 

precinct 

village 


County. 


Garrard 

Jack 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Jefferson 

Page 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Atchison 

Douglas 

Sullivan 

Lincoln 

Bowie 

Botetourt 

Botetourt 

Outagamie 

Cassia 

Edgar 

Hardin 

Luzerne 

Clarke 

Hancock 

Owsley 

Shasta 

Johnson 

Laurens 

Stephenson 

Hardin 

Dickinson 

Ellis 

Ottawa 

Garrard 

Gladwin 

Kidder 

Hughes 

Knox 

Frederick 

Oxford 

Upshur 

Upshur 

Christian 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Morgan 

Milam 

Cleburne 

Baxter 

Sevier 

Larimer 

Brown 

Harnett 

Wake 

Mecklenburg.. 

Kankakee 

Tama 

Bucks 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Iroquois 

Jefferson 

Pierce 

Ford 

Linn 

Linn 

Morrison 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Tuscarawas 

Luzerne 

Horry , 

Yadkin 

Ross 

Marshall 

Caldwell 

Humboldt 

Hancock 

Dorchester 

Thurston 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Bureau 

Lancaster 

Sanilac 

Washington 

Columbia 

Marion 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Clayton 

Jasper 

Harrison 

Saginaw 

Atlantic 

Colfax 

Colfax 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


119 

966 

1,641 

158 

1,218 

1,044 

2,898 

1,894 

767 

688 

995 


4,808 

414 

1,010 


903 

1,610 
173 
942 

1,466 
727 

1,250 
753 
819 

1,654 
343 
561 


1,860 


2,547 
1,379 

1. 

761 
2,494 
1,757 
1,692 

800 


317 
160 


1,135 

961 

1,910 

2,624 


2,815 

1,265 

1,739 

324 

762 


1,802 
430 
390 


1,338 

1,129 

173 

2,136 

1,466 

2,311 

401 

694 

640 

3,047 

1,143 


5,073 

3,836 

778 

666 

693 

322 

1,083 

1,751 

529 

1,277 

282 

1,064 

1,669 

1,736 

885 


266 

1,647 

1,882 

324 

962 

982 

2,849 

1,994 

773 

784 

1,199 

294 

274 

4,144 

802 

1,397 

255 

930 

1,215 

'       94 

1,385 

1,572 

655 

1,496 

271 

1,205 

1,490 

543 

650 

311 

419 

1,781 

581 

32 

3,266 

215 

2,651 

1,200 

2,542 

1,403 

2,408 

2,076 

1,194 

847 

64 

204 

330 

284 

476 

1,013 

1,028 

1,022 

2,412 

158 

580 

2,544 

1,087 

1,570 

433 

996 

878 

236 

1,700 

711 

679 

312 

164 

2,329 

1,329 

94 

2,105 

1,495 

2,069 

567 

899 

1,312 

2,921 

1,000 

945 

6,988 

5,974 

990 

869 

853 

441 

1,366 

2,745 

788 

1,138 

311 

943 

1,366 

2,998 

1,299 

629 

566 


67 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Buena  Vista,  0 

Bueoa  Vista,  Ore 

Buena  Vista,  Pa 

Buena  Vista,  Va 

Buena  Vista,  Va , 

Buena  Vista,  Wis , 

Buena  Vista,  Wis 

Bueno,  Utah 

Buffalo,  Ark , 

Buffalo,  Ark 

Buffalo,  111 

Buffalo,  Iowa 

Buffalo,  Iowa 

Buffalo,  Iowa 

Buffalo,  Iowa 

Buffalo,  Iowa 

Buffalo,  Iowa 

Buffalo,  Kan 

Buffalo,  Kan 

Buffalo,  Kan 

Buffalo,  Ky 

Buffalo,  Ky 

Buffalo,  Minn 

Buffalo,  Minn 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo.. 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  N.T 

Buffalo,  N.D 

Buffalo,  N.D 

Buffalo,  0 

Buffalo,  Pa 

Buffalo,  Pa. 

Buffalo,  Pa , 

Buffalo,  Pa 

Buffalo,  S.C , 

Buffalo,  S.D , 

Buffalo,  S.D , 

Buffalo,  S.D 

Buffalo,  Tenn 

Buffalo,  Tenn 

Buffalo,  Tenn 

Buffalo,  Va 

Buffalo,  Va 

Buffalo,  W.  Va 

Buffalo,  W.Va 

Buffalo,  W.Va 

Buffalo,  W.Va 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buffalo,  Wy 

Buffalo  Creek,  Tenn 

Buffalo  Gap,  S.D 

Buffalo  Heart,  111 

Buffalo  Lake,&c.,  Minn, 

Buffalo  Lake,  Neb 

Buffalo  Prairie,  111 

BufBngton,  Pa 

Buffum,  Col 

Bnford,  Ga 

Buford,  Ky 

Buford,  N.C 

Buford,  S.C 

Buford's  Bridge,  S.C... 

Bug  Hill,  N.C 

Bull,  Ky 

Bullard,  Ark 

Bullard,  Minn 

Bull  Creek,  N.C 

Bull  Creek,  Tenn 

Bull  Head,  N.C 

Bullion,  Idaho 

Bullock,  Ala 

Bullock  Creek,  S.C 

Bull  Pen,  Ga 

Bull  Pond,  S.C 

Bull  Skin,  Ky 

Bnllskin,  Pa 

Bull  Swamp,  S.C 

Bull  Swamp,  SC 

Bully,  Ore 

Bumbleton,  Ga. 

Bumpass  Cove,  Tenn... 

Bunceton,  Mo 

Buncombe,  Ga 

Buncombe,  Ga 

Buncombe,  Ga 

Buncombe,  Ga. 

68 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Population. 


Scioto 

Polk 

Alleghany....... 

King  &  Queen., 

Bockbridge 

Portage 

Richland 

San  Juan 

Craighead 

Marion 

Ogle 

Buchanan 

Kossuth 

Linn 

Scott 

Scott 

Winnebago 

Barton 

Cloud 

Jewell 

La  Bue 

Owsley 

Wright 

Wright 

Dallas 

Dunklin 

McDonald... 

Morgan 

Newton 

Pike 

Brown- 

Dawson 

Franklin.... 

Wheeler 

Erie 


1880.      1890, 


354 


239 
3,233 


830 
695 


766 

450 

3,444 

621 


659 

1,660 

400 


472 

695 

1,050 


Noble 

Butler 

Perry 

Union 

Washington.... 

Kershaw 

Minnehaha 

Spink 

Sully 

Lewis , 

Scott 

Unicoi 

Prince  Edward 

Rockbridge 

Brooke 

Clay 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Buffalo 

Bijffalo 

Marquette 

Johnson 

Carter 

Custer 

Sangamon 

Renville 

Cherry 

Rock  Island 

Indiana 

Larimer 

Gwinnett 

Ohio 

Union 

Lancaster 

Barnwell 

Columbus 

Floyd 

Prairie 

Wadena 

Madison 

Scott 

Greene 

Alturas 

Crenshaw 

York 

Murray 

Barnwell 

Clay 

Fayette 

Lexington 

Orangeburg 

Malheur 

Quitman 

Unicoi 

Cooper 

Haralson 

Oconee 

Polk 

Walton 


496 
575 
143 
437 
154 
541 
805 
1,181 
7,493 


155,134 


804 
1,263 

703 
1,714 
1,260 
3,325 


399 


346 

3,797 

2,961 

2,252 

664 

1,907 

351 

655 

248 

750 


9-23 


572 


1,122 
819 

"'396 
2,902 
2,022 
1,677 
1,567 
912 
599 


2,212 

313 

1,516 


1,183 
3,346 

249 
2,600 

313 
2,732 

943 
2,116 


659 
91 


498 
1,016 

997 
1,829 


461 
399 
672 
2,829 
1,044 
1,061 
797 
44 
1,309 
446 
2,653 
817 
261 
504 
1,439 
379 
152 
459 
778 
1,393 
214 
643 
719 
606 
861 
352 
915 
1,156 
1,207 
7,889 
369 
210 
223 
111 
255,664 
314 
177 
813 
1,131 
691 
1,694 
2,381 
3,565 
299 
159 
61 
503 
203 
585 
4,002 
3,072 
2,347 
906 
2,090 
238 
647 
223 
805 
1,087 
1,216 
501 
602 
457 
269 
991 
652 
42 
496 
2,449 
2,551 
2,388 
1,375 
1,264 
479 
639 
95 
1,954 
442 
1,045 
119 
1,402 
3,604 
508 
2,198 
?500 
3,519 
1,130 
1,691 
210 
634 
103 
493 
570 
698 
690 
1,961 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Buncombe,  Ga.._ , 

Buncombe,  Iowa , 

Buncombe,  Ky 

Bunker  Hill,  111 

Bunker  Hill,  III 

Bunker  Hill,  Ind 

Bunker  Hill,  Kan 

Bunker  Hill,  Mich 

Bunker  Hill,  Pa 

Bunkie,  La 

Bunola,  Pa 

Burbank,  Minn 

Burbank,  0 

Burch,  Ga 

Burchard,  Neb 

Burch ville,  Mich 

Burden,  Mich 

Burden,  Ga 

Burden,  Kan 

Burden,  Ky 

Burdett,  S.D 

Burdine,  Mo 

Bureau,  111 

Bureau,  Ill.„ 

Burgamies,  Ga 

Burgaw,  N.C 

Burgaw,  N.C 

Burgess,  III 

Burgess,  Utah 

Burgets,  Ala 

Burgettstown,  Pa 

Burgin,  Ky 

Burgin,  Ky 

Burk,  S.D 

Burke,  Ark 

Burke,  Idaho 

Burke,  Minn 

Burke,  N.Y 

Burke,  Vt 

Burke,  Wis 

Bnrkesville,  Ky 

Burkeville,  Va , 

Burkhalter,  Ala. 

Burkittsville,  Md 

Burk's  Fork,  Va 

Burleene,  Minn , 

Burleigh,  Mich 

Burleson,  Ala 

Burley,  Neb 

Burlingame,  Kan 

Burlingame,  Kan 

Burlington,  Col 

Burlington,  Col 

Burlington,  Conn 

Burlington,  111 

Burlington,  Ind 

Burlington,  Iowa 

Burlington,  Iowa 

Burlington,  Kan 

Burlington,  Kan 

Burlington,  Ky 

Burlington,  Me 

Burlington,  Mass 

Burlington,  Mich 

Burlington,  Mich 

Burlington,  Mich 

Burlington,  Minn 

Burlington,  Mont 

Burlington,  N.J 

Burlington,  N.J 

Burlington,  N.T 

Burlington,  N.C 

Burlington,  N.C 

Burlington,  0 

Burlington,  Pa 

Burlington,  Pa 

Burlington,  Vt 

Burlington,  Wis 

Burlington,  Wis 

Burlington  Junct.,  Mo. 

Burnet,  Tex 

Burnett,  Ark 

Burnett,  Cal 

Burnett,  Neb 

Burnett,  Neb 

Burnett,  Tenn 

Burnett,  Wis 

Burnett  Station,  Wis... 

Burnettsville,  Ind 

Burney  Valley,  Cal 

Burnham,  Me 

Burnhamville,  Minn.... 

Burning  Fork,  Ky 

Burning  Spr'gs,  W.  Va. 
Burning  Spr'gs,  W.  Va. 
Burulngtow  n,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

borough 

post-town 

I)ost-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-Till 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 


County. 


Washington.... 

Sioux 

Pulaski 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Miami 

Russell 

Ingham 

Westmoreland, 

Avoyelles 

Alleghany 

Kandiyohi 

Wayne 

Laurens 

Pawnee 

Saint  Clair 

Osceola 

Jones 

Cowley 

Butler 

Hand 

Texas 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Laurens 

Pender 

Pender , 

Bond , 

Piute 

Blount , 

Washington 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Minnehaha 

Little  River 

Shoshone 

Pipe  Stone 

Franklin 

Caledonia 

Dane 

Cumberland 

Nottoway 

Pickens 

Frederick 

Floyd 

Todd 

Iosco 

Franklin ^.. 

Brown 

Osage 


Kit  Carson.. 
Kit  Carson.. 
Hartford  .... 

Kane , 

Carroll , 

Des  Moines., 
Des  Moines., 

Coffey 

Coffey 

Boone 

Penobscot.... 
Middlesex..., 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Lapeer 

Becker 

Silver  Bow... 
Burlington.. 
Burlington.. 


Alamance..., 
Alamance..., 

Licking 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Chittenden.., 

Racine 

Racine 

Nodaway 

Burnet 

Pope 

Santa  Clara.. 

Antelope 

Madison 

Hamblen 

Dodge 

Dodge 

White 

Shasta 

Waldo 

Todd 

MagofiSn 

Wirt 

Wirt 

Macon 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


700 
291 


2,935 

1,441 

696 

135 

1,099 


408 
293 


762 

647 

1,597 

157 


425 
947 
240 
790 
959 
184 


876 

3,015 

150 


113 


152 

2,161 

1,252 

1,002 

3,512 

237 

658 

280 

1,547 


134 


4,031 
1,370 


1,224 
883 

1,364 

20,241 

19,450 

676 

2,011 

1,640 
536 
711 

1,638 
328 

1,252 
338 


7,237 
6,090 
1,599 


81 
1,073 
1,094 

200 

11,365 

2,738 

1,611 

657 

490 


665 


1,117 
113 
296 

483 
967 
392 
420 
1,332 
434 
597 


700 
849 
2,846 
2,748 
1,269 
538 
157 
1,012 
897 
299 
526 
623 
331 
737 
201 
572 
734 
1,487 
508 
3,168 
212 
1,946 
779 
363 
865 
1,164 
366 
1,346 
78 
3S6 
929 
3,004 
303 
462 
691 
482 
337 
2,072 
1,198 
1,129 
2,473 
404 
716 
273 
2,366 
117 
443 
480 
54 
2,942 
1,472 
393 
146 
1,302 
810 
1,683 
23,301 
22,565 
680 
2,239 
1,450 
460 
617 
1,326 
304 
1,518 
603 
344 
8,222 
7,264 
1,334 
2,647 
1,716 
981 
946 
166 
14,590 
3,140 
2,043 
707 
1,464 
564 
659 
471 
847 
745 
1,026 
140 
479 
732 
846 
779 
662 
1,767 
642 
682 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Burnley  Store,  Tenn.... 

Burns,  111 

Burns,  Mich 

Burns,  Minn 

Burns,  N.Y 

Burns,  Ore » 

Burns,  Ore 

Burns,  S.C 

Burns,  Tex 

Burns,  Wis 

Bums  Hole,  Col 

Bumside,  111 

Burnside,  Iowa 

Bumside,  Mich 

Burnside,  Minn 

Burnside,  Pa 

Burnside,  Pa 

Burnside,  Pa 

Burnside,  Wis 

Burnside  Point,  Ky 

Burnstowii,  Minn 

Burnsville,  Ala 

Burnsville,  Minn 

Burnsville,  Misa 

Burnsville,  N.C 

Burnsville,  N.C 

Burnt  Corn,  Ala 

Burnt  Creek,  N.D 

Burnt  Hickory,  Ga 

Burnt  Prairie,  111 

Burnt  Sch'l  House,  Ala. 

Burntwood,  Kan 

Burrell,  Iowa 

Burrell,  Pa 

Bnrrell.Pa 

Burrillville,  R.I 

Burris  Fork,  Mo 

Burritt,  111 

Burr  Oak,  Iowa 

Burr  Oak,  Iowa 

Burr  Oak,  Kan 

Burr  Oak,  Kan 

Burr  Oak,  Kan 

Burr  Oak,  Mich 

Burr  Oak,  Mich 

Burr  Oak,  Mo 

Burr  Oak,  S.D 

Burroughs  Bay,  Alaska 

Burrows,  Neb 

Burrton,  Kan 

Burrton,  Kan 

Burrville,  Utah 

Burson,  Ala 

Burt,  Iowa 

Burt,  Mich 

Burt,  Mich 

Burt,  Neb 

Burton,  111 

Burton,  111 

Burton,  111 

Burton,  Mich 

Burton,  Minn 

Burton,  Mo 

Burton,  Neb 

Burton,  0 

Burton,  0 

Burton,  Tex 

Burton  Bend,  Neb 

Burton  Prairie,  Ore 

Burwell,  Neb 

Buse,  Minn 

Bush,  Ky 

Bushford,  N.Y 

Bushkill,  Pa 

Bushnell,  Fla 

Biishnell,  111 

Bushnell,  111 

Bushnell,  Mich 

Bushnell,  Neb 

Bushville,  Ga 

Bushy  Fork,  Ky 

Bushy  Fork,  N.C 

Bussell,  Neb 

Busseron,  Ind 

Bussey,  Ga 

Busti,  N.Y 

Butler,  Ark- 

Butler,  Ga 

Butler,  6a 

Butler,  111 

Butler,  III 

Butler,  Ind 

Butler,  Ind_ 

Butler,  Ind 

Butler,  Ind 

Sutler,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


ciTll-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post- vi  11 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

poet-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Trousdale 

Henry 

Shiawassee.... 

Anoka 

Alleghany 

Harney. 

Harney 

Colleton 

Cooke , 

La  Crosse 

Eagle 

Johnson 

Webster 

Lapeer 

Goodhue 

Centre , 

Clearfield 

Clearfield 

Trempealeau., 

Pulaski 

Brown 

Dallas 

Dakota 

Tishomingo  .. 

Anson 

Yancey 

Monroe , 

Burleigh 

Paulding 

White 

Talladega 

Rawlins 

Decatur 

Armstrong 

Indiana 

Providence.... 

Moniteau 

Winnebago.... 

Mitchell 

Winneshiek... 

Doniphan 

Jewell 

Jewell 

Saint  Joseph. , 
Saint  Joseph. . 

Lincoln  

Beadle 


Platte 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Sevier 

Randolph 

Kossuth 

Alger 

Cheboygan 

Logan 

Adams 

Adams 

McHenry 

Genesee 

Yellow  Med 

Howard 

Keya  Paha 

Geauga 

Geauga 

Washington.... 

Furnas 

Coos 

Garfield 

Otter  Tail 

Laurel 

Alleghany 

Northampton.. 

Sumter 

McDonough 

McDonough.... 

Montcalm 

Kimball 

Banks 

Rowan 

Person 

Chase 

Knox 

Wilkes 

Chautauqua.. .. 

Lonoke 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Montgomery... 

Vermilion 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb >. 

Franklin 

Miami 

Butler 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


689 
1,023 
1,676 

622 
1,671 


1,021 


2,249 


2,110 
558 
466 

1,613 
279 

1,591 


432 
2,225 
388 
240 
1,567 
709 
770 


1,151 

1,993 

418 


1,368 

1,047 

1,770 

5,714 

1,218 

879 

712 

826 

1,014 

1,237 

425 

1,837 

721 

1,289 


714 

386 

203 

1,466 


340 


1,374 
584 
294 

1,363 
143 


1,130 
480 
125 
303 
148 


315 
1,284 
1,463 
1,779 


2,737 
2,316 
1,482 


966 

416 

1,748 


1,804 
782 

1,901 
863 

2,754 


387 
2,012 

833 
1,056 
1,402 
1,420 
1,532 


680 
845 

1,467 
650 

1,506 
681 
264 

1,819 
65 

1,020 
66 

2,205 
581 

2,055 
629 
530 

1,614 
292 

1,207 

2,647 
517 

1,893 
309 
318 

1,779 

969 

812 

41 

865 

2,051 
537 
648 

1,462 
922 

1,414 

5,492 

1,305 
733 
616 
731 
762 

1,448 
597 

1,738 
687 

1,310 
163 
134 
675 

1,083 
695 
226 

1,769 
660 
177 
376 
118 

1,174 

92 

296 

1,233 
242 

1,064 
483 

1,213 
633 
384 
234 
191 
378 
333 

1,438 

1,365 

1,644 
672 

2,712 

2,314 

1,326 
103 

1,179 
382 

1,703 
417 

1,729 
866 

2,089 
928 

3,259 
712 
311 

2,084 
831 

2,521 

1,243 

1,344 
761 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Butler,  Iowa 

Butler,  Iowa 

Butler,  Iowa 

Butler,  Kan 

Butler,  Ky 

Butler,  Ky 

Butler,  Mich 

Butler,  Minn 

Butler,  Mo - 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mont 

Butler,  Neb 

Butler,  N.Y 

Butler,  0 _ 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 _ 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  S.C 

Butler,  S.D 

Butler,  S.D 

Butler,  W.Va 

Butler,  W.Va 

Butler  Grove,  111 

Butler  Springs,  Ala 

Butlersville,  Ky 

Butlerville,  0 

Butman,  Mich 

Butte,  Cal 

Butte,  Cal 

Butte,  Cal 

Butte  City,  Mont 

Butte  Creek,  Ore 

Butterfield,  Minn 

Butternut,  Wis 

Butternuts,  N.Y 

Butternut  Valley,  Minn 

Butterwood,  N.C 

Butte  Valley,  Col 

Butteville,  Ore 

Button,  111 

Buttrills,  Ga 

Butt's  Road,  Va 

Buxton,  Me 

Buxton,  N.D 

Buyckville,  Ala 

Byers,  Col 

Byesville,  O 

Bygland,  Minn 

Byhalia,  Miss 

Bylor,  Ala. 

Byram,  N.J 

Byrd,  Mo 

Byrd,  0 

Byrd,  Va 

Byron,  Ga. 

Byron,  111 

Byron,  111 

Byron,  Iowa 

Byron,  Kan 

Byron,  Me 

Byron,  Mich 

Byron,  Mich 

Byron,  Minn 

Byron,  Minn 

Byron,  Neb 

Byron,  N.Y 

Byron,  S.D. 

Byron,  Wis 

Byron,  Wis 

Byrum,  Ga 

Cabaniss,  Ga 

Cabery,  III 

Cabin,  Ga 

Cabin  Creek,  W.Va 

Cabin  Run,  W.Va 

Cable,  III 

Cabool,  Mo.. 

Cabot,  Vt 

Cabot,  Vt 

Cabra  Springs,  N.M 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark._ 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-tvyp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

poet-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Calhoun. 

Jackson 

Scott 

Kiowa 

Pendleton 

Pendleton , 

Branch 

Otter  Tail„ 

Bates 

Harrison 

Pemiscot , 

Saint  Clair , 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Platte 

Wayne 

Columbiana 

Darke , 

Knox 

Mercer 

Montgomery.... 

Richland 

Adams 

Butler 

Butler 

Luzerne 

Schuylkill , 

Greenville 

Day 

Sanborn 

Hancock 

Wayne 

Montgomery..., 

Butler 

Allen 

Warren 

Gladwin 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

Sutter 

Silver  Bow 

Gilliam 

Watonwan 

Ashland 

Otsego 

Blue  Earth 

Halifax 

Huerfano 

Marion 

Ford 

Butts 

Norfolk 

York 

Traill 

Elmore 

Arapahoe 

Guernsey 

Polk 

Marshall 

Fayette 

Sussex 

Cape  Girardeau 

Brown 

Goochland 

Houston 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Buchanan 

Stafford 

Oxford 

Kent 

Shiawassee 

Olmsted.... 

Waseca 

Thayer 

Genesee 

Hughes 

Fond  Du  Lac.. 

Monroe.. 

Franklin 

Monroe , 

Ford , 

Spalding 

Kanawha 

Mineral 

Mercer , 

Texas 

Washington..... 

Washington 

San  Miguel 

Clay 

Greene 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Woodruff. 

Johnson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


470 
811 
932 


2,333 
255 

1,461 
27 

2,162 

1,045 
464 

1,399 


2,161 
1,560 
1,739 

788 
1,695 
2,196 

789 
1,405 
1,007 
3,163 
1,917 
4,815 
2,392 


1,003 
4,234 
1,226 
1,306 
2,005 
167 


1,789 


1,391 

3,363 
240 
149 
608 

2,036 
614 

1,634 


440 

846 

1,318 

2,387 

2,230 


848 


188 
346 


1,406 
2,976 
1,299 
3,526 
137 
1,563 


1,091 


191 
1,712 
355 
222 
418 


1,764 


1,284 

415 

1,279 

1,043 

114 

1,723 

4,773 

807 

672 


1,242 


378 

760 

im 

434 
1,436 


1,652 


1,044 

700 

864 

103 

2,336 

660 

1,303 

179 

2,812 

1,130 

669 

1,650 

155 

582 

1,836 

1,547 

1,677 

775 

1,930 

l,9.o7 

814 

1,377 

1,297 

8,734 

1,984 

6,687 

2,841 

279 

221 

1,220 

4,453 

982 

1,573 

1,692 

125 

260 

1,973 

1,304 

977 

10,723 

570 

366 

1,210 

1,813 

659 

1,315 

186 

491 

862 

1,530 

2,163 

2,036 

1,021 

1,213 

155 

789 

433 

474 

594 

1,380 

3,295 

1,216 

3,620 

219 

1,490 

698 

1,059 

312 

189 

1,745 

413 

291 

418 

674 

1,678 

85 

1,216 

468 

1,021 

1,364 

342 

1,489 

7,940 

815 

1,276 

369 

1^4 

199 

178 

635 

823 

907 

305 

2,147 

1,113 

783 


69 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cacheville,  Cal 

Cadaretta,  Miss 

Caddo,  Ark 

Caddo,  Ark 

Caddo  Mills,  Tex.. 

Cadillac,  Mich 

Cadiz,  Ind 

Cadiz,  Ky 

Cadiz,  Ky 

Cadiz,  0 

Cadiz,  0 

Cadiz,  Wis 

Cadott,  Wis 

Cadron,  Ark 

Cadron,  Ark 

Cadron,  Ark 

Cadron,  Ark 

Cady,  Wis 

(Caernarvon,  Pa.... 
Caernarvon,  Pa.... 
Caisar  Creek,  Ind.. 

Caesar  Creek,  0 

Cagle,  Ala 

Cababa,  Ala 

Cahokia,  111 

Cahuenga,  Cal 

Cahuilla,  Cal 

Cain,  Ga 

Cain,  Ind 

Cain,  Kan 

Cain  Creek,  Ga 

Cainesville,  Mo.... 

Cains,  Ga 

Cains,  S.O 

Caintuck,  N.C 

Cairo,  Ga 

Cairo,  Ga 

Cairo,  111 

Cairo,  111 

Cairo,  Ky 

Cairo,  Ky 

Cairo,  Minn 

Cairo,  Mo 

Cairo,  N.Y 

Cairo,  N.Y 

Cairo,  Tenn 

Cajon,  Cal 

Calabasas,  Cal 

Calabaln,  N.C 

Calais,  Me 

Calais,  0 

Calais,  Vt.. 

Calamus,  Iowa 

Calamus,  Neb 

Calamus,  Neb 

Calamus,  Wis 

Calapoola,  Ore 

Calaveras,  Tex 

Calcasieu,  La 

Caldwell,  Ga 

Caldwell,  Ga 

Caldwell,  Idaho.... 
Caldwell,  Idaho..., 

Caldwell,  Iowa 

Caldwell,  Kan 

Caldwell,  Kan 

Caldwell,  Ky 

Caldwell,  Mich...., 

Caldwell,  Mo , 

Caldwell,  Neb 

Caldwell,  N.J , 

Caldwell,  N.Y 

Caldwell,  N.C 

Caldwell,  0 

Caldwell,  S.C 

Caldwell,  Tex 

Caledonia,  111 , 

Caledonia,  III 

Caledonia,  Iowa.., 
Caledonia,  Mich.. 
Caledonia,  Mich.. 
Caledonia,  Mich.. 
Caledonia,  Mich.. 
Caledonia,  Minn.. 
Caledonia,  Minn.. 
Caledonia,  N.Y.... 
Caledonia,  N.D.... 
Caledonia,  N.D.... 

Caledonia,  0 

Caledonia,  Wis.... 
Caledonia,  Wis.... 
Caledonia,  Wis.... 
Caledonia,  Wis.... 

Calera,  Ala 

Calera,  Ala 

Calf  Creek,  Ark.. 

70 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-beat 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

ward 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Yolo 

Webster 

Clark 

Montgomery.... 

Hunt 

Wexford 

Henry 

Trigg 

Trigg 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Green 

Chippewa 

Cleburne 

Faulkner. 

Van  Buren 

White 

St.  Croix 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Dearborn 

Greene 

Walker 

Dallas 

Macoupin 

Los  Angeles 

San  Diego 

Paulding 

Fountain 

nice 

Walker. 

Harrison 

Gwinnett 

Florence 

Pender 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Alexander 

Alexander 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Renville 

Randolph 

Greene 

Greene 

Crockett 

San  Bernardino 
Los  Angeles.... 

Davie 

Washington 

Monroe 

Washington 

Clinton 

Brown 

Garfield 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Wilson 

Rapides 

Fannin 

Greene 

Ada 

Ada 

Appanoose 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Anderson 

Missaukee 

Callaway 

Wheeler 

Essex 

Warren 

Catawba 

Noble 

Newberry 

Burleson 

Boone 

Boone 

O'Brien 

Alcona 

Kent 

Kent 

Shiawassee 

Houston 

Houston , 

Livingston 

Traill 

Traill 

Marion 

Columbia 

Racine 

Trempealeau... 

Waupaca 

Shelby , 

Shelby , 

Searcy 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,820 

5,029 

625 


2,213 

594 

4,220 

646 

3,116 

1,817 

1,358 

72 


2,916 
994 
300 
616 
951 

1,704 
503 

1,174 


2,022 
973 


995 
1,795 


498 

198 

1,706 

2,405 

891 

2,009 

275 

9,583 

9,011 

1,696 

107 

402 

1,193 

2,287 


865 


1,347 
6,173 

169 
1,253 

163 


1,166 
1,495 


697 

741 

1,486 


1,180 
1,979 
1,005 


104 


3,167 
1,223 
1,107 

602 
1,556 

301 
1,267 

134 

177 


1,964 
340 

1,320 
996 
894 

1,927 


627 
1,297 
2,654 
446 
902 
889 
234 
963 


556 

2,564 

6,872 

746 

234 

4,461 

307 

3,917 

890 

3,041 

1,716 

1,507 

889 

1,112 

1,397 

517 

536 

771 

942 

1,580 

425 

1,057 

606 

1,548 

1,171 

1,725 

90 

848 

1,509 

83 

654 

418 

1,316 

2,656 

814 

2,966 

521 

10,422 

10,324 

1,414 

209 

659 

1,334 

2,191 

573 

886 

116 

440 

1,329 

7,290 

136 

1,082 

216 

86 

113 

1,083 

1,537 

369 

824 

783 

1,235 

1,194 

779 

1,289 

840 

1,642 

895 

405 

745 

173 

3,638 

1,377 

991 

1,248 

1,646 

1,250 

1,227 

184 

712 

190 

1,786 

438 

1,387 

920 

927 

2,188 

933 

267 

757 

1,336 

2,732 

379 

943 

1,923 

753 

1,350 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Calhoun,  Ark 

Calhoun,  Ark 

Calhoun,  Col 

Calhoun,  Ga 

Calhoun,  Ga 

Calhoun,  Iowa 

Calhoun,  Iowa 

Calhoun,  Kan 

Calhoun,  Ky 

Calhoun,  Mo 

Calhoun,  S.C 

Calhoun,  Tenn 

Calico,  Cal 

California,  Ark 

California,  Ark 

California,  Ark 

California,  Ga 

California,  Ind 

California,  Kan 

California,  Ky 

California,  Ky 

California,  Mich 

California,  Mo 

California,  Pa 

California  Mesa,  Col... 

Callands,  Va 

Callao,  Mo 

Callao,  Mo 

Callaway,  Mo 

Oallensburg,  Pa 

Callensville,  Ky 

Call  Fort,  Utah 

Callicoon,  N.Y 

Calliope,  Col 

Calliope,  Iowa 

Calmar,  Iowa 

Calmar,  Iowa 

Cain,  Pa 

Calpella,  Cal 

Calumet,  III 

Calumet,  Ind 

Calumet,  Mich 

Calumet,  Mich 

Calumet,  Mo 

Calumet,  Wis 

Calvary,  S.C. 

Calvert,  &c.,  Ala 

Calvert,  Ark 

Calvert,  Md 

Calvert,  Neb 

Calvert,  Tex 

Calvert  City,  Ky 

Calviu,  Kan 

Calvin,  Mich 

Calvy,  Mo 

Calwood,  Mo 

Camanche,  Iowa 

Camanche,  Iowa 

Camargo,  III , 

Camargo,  Ky 

Camas,  Idaho 

Camas,  Ore 

Camas  "Valley,  Ore 

Cambria,  Cal 

Cambria,  Kan , 

Cambria,  Mich 

Cambria,  Minn , 

Cambria,  N.Y 

Cambria,  Pa , 

Cambria,  S.D ..., 

Cambria,  Wis , 

Cambria,  Wyo 

Cambridge,  111 

Cambridge,  111 

Cambridge,  Iowa 

Cambridge,  Me 

Cambridge,  Md 

Cambridge,  Md 

Cambridge,  Mass 

Cambridge,  Mich 

Cambridge,  Minn 

Cambridge,  Minn 

Cambridge,  Mo 

Cambridge,  Neb 

Cambridge,  N.H 

Cambridge,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  N.Y , 

Cambridge,  O 

Cambridge,  0 

Cambridge,  Pa 

Cambridge,  Pa 

Cambridge,  Vt 

Cambridge,  Wis.. 

Cambridge  City,  Ind. . 

Camden,  Ala 

Camden,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poBt-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-dist 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

pos^twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

borough 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 


County. 


Columbia 

Prairie 

El  Paso 

Gordon 

Gordon 

Calhoun 

Harrison 

Cheyenne 

McLean 

Henry 

Abbeville 

McMinn 

San  Bernardino 

Cleburne 

Faulkner 

Madison 

Paulding 

Starke 

Coffey 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Branch 

Moniteau 

Washington 

Montrose 

Pittsylvania 

Macon 

Macon 

Saint  Charles... 

Clarion 

Pendleton 

Box  Elder 

Sullivan 

Ouray 

Sioux 

Winneshiek 

Winneshiek 

Chester 

Mendocino 

Cook 

Lake 

Houghton 

Houghton 

Pike 

Fond  du  Lac.... 

Clarendon 

Blount 

Grant 

Cecil 

Dundy 

Robertson 

Marshall 

Jewell 


Franklin 

Callaway 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Montgomery, 

Bingham 

Umatilla 

Douglas , 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Saline 

Hillsdale 

Blue  Earth.. 

Niagara 

Cambria 

Brown 

Columbia 

Weston 

Henry 

Henry 

Story 

Somerset 

Dorchester .. 
Dorchester  .. 
Middlesex.... 

Lenawee 

Isanti 

Isanti 

Saline 

Furnas 

Coos 

Washington, 
Washington, 

Guernsey 

Guernsey 

Crawford 

Crawford...., 

Lamoille 

Dane 

Wayne 

Wilcox , 

Wilcox 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,005 
378 


1,710 
510 
592 
451 


484 

492 

3,170 

203 


299 
498 
689 
1,274 
333 
838 


179 

963 

1,427 

1,009 


4,500 
1,031 

330 
1,830 

277 
2,069 

350 
2,180 


45 

2,043 

617 

863 

1,252 

2,576 


8,299 


4,845 
1,447 
1,636 


709 
1,502 


2,280 
85 

503 
1,693 
1,417 
1,' 
1,200 

762 
2,096 

964 


249 


641 

1,632 

344 

2,267 

1,047 


504 


2,302 

1,203 

223 

472 

3,987 

2,262 

52,669 

1,075 

698 

136 

2,462 

106 

36 

2,324 

1,482 

4,665 

2,883 

745 

674 

1,750 

303 

2,370 

3,795 

690 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Camdea,  Ark 

Camden,  Del 

Camden,  111 

Camden,  Me 

Camden,  Mich 

Camden,  Minn 

Camden,  Miss. 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  N.J 

Camden,  N.Y 

Camden,  N.Y 

Camden,  O 

Camden,  0 

Camden,  S.C 

Camden,  Tenn 

Camdeu  Point,  Mo 

Cameron,  Iowa 

Cameron,  Minn 

Cameron,  Mo 

Cameron,  Neb 

Cameron,  N.Y 

Cameron,  N.C 

Cameron,  Pa 

Cameron,  Tex 

Cameron,  W.  Va 

Camilla,  Ga. 

CamilluB,  N.Y 

CamilluB,  N.Y 

Camnias  Prairie,  Wash. 

Camp,  Ala 

Camp,  Iowa 

Camp,  Minn 

Campbell,  Ala 

Campbell,  Ala 

Campbell,  Ark 

Campbell,  Ark 

Campbell,  Ark 

Campbell,  Ind 

Campbell,  Ind 

Campbell,  Ky 

Campbell,  Mich 

Campbell,  Minn 

Campbell,  Mo 

Campbell,  Mo 

Campbell,  Mo 

Campbell,  N.Y 

Campbell,  S.D 

Campbell,  Wis 

Campbell  City,  Fla 

Campbell  Hill,  111 

Canipbellsburg,  Ind 

Campbellsburg,  Ky 

Campbellsburg,  Ky 

Cainpbellsville,  Ky 

Campbellsville,  Ky 

Campbelltou,  Ga 

Camp  Branch,  Ky 

Camp  Branch,  Mo 

Camp  Branch,  Mo 

Camp  Carson,  Ore 

Camp  Clarke,  Neb 

Camp  Creek,  N.C 

Camp  Creek,  0 

Camp  Creek,  Ore 

Camp  Creek,  Ore 

Camp  Curry,  &c..  Ore... 
Camp  Douglas,  Wis. 

Camp  Hill,  Ala 

Camp  Hill,  Ala 

Camp  Hill,  Pa 

Camp  Lake,  Minn.., 

Campo,  Cal 

Campobello,  S.C 

Camp  Parapet,  La.. 

Camp  Point,  111 

Camp  Point,  111 

Camp  Powell,  Ala... 
Camp  Release,  Minn.... 
Camp  Smith,  Ala.... 

Campti,  La 

Campton,  111 

Campton,  Ky 

Campton,  Ky 

Campton,  N.H 

Can,  S.D 

Canaan,  Conn 

Canaan,  Iowa 

Canaan,  Me 

Canaan,  Mo 

Canaan,  N.H 

Canaan,  N.Y 

Canaan,  O 

Canaan,  0 

Canaan,  0 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-beat 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vUl 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Ouachita 

Kent 

Schuyler 

Knox 

Hillsdale 

Carver 

Madison 

De  Kalb 

Ray 

Ray 

Camden 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Lorain 

Preble 

Kershaw 

Benton 

Platte 

Audubon 

Murray 

Clinton 

Hall 

Steuben 

Moore 

Northumberl'd 

Milam 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

Onondaga 

Onondaga.. 

Klickitat 

Marion 

Polk 

Renville 

Blount 

Clarke  

Lawrence 

Pulaski 

Searcy  

Jennings 

Warrick 

Perry 

Ionia 

Wilkin 

Douglas 

Greene 

Polk 

Steuben 

Hand 

La  Crosse 

Osceola 

Jackson 

Washington 

Henry 

Henry 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Campbell 

Spencer 

Cass 

Warren 

Union 

Cheyenne 

Rutherford 

Pike 

Crook 

Lane 

Harney 

Juneau 

Tallapoosa 

Tallapoosa 

Cumberland..... 

Swift 

San  Diego 

Spartanburg.... 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Adams 

Baldwin 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Colbert 

Natchitoches... 

Kane 

Wolfe 

Wolfe 

Grafton 

Potter 

Jjitchfield 

Henry 

Somerset 

Gasconade 

Grafton 

Columbia 

Athens. 

Madison 

Morrow 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,603 

702 

1,112 

4,386 

2,048 

908 

4,929 

1,640 

3,353 

509 

41,659 

3,392 

1,589 

968 

800 

1,780 

200 

142 

532 

124 

2,109 


1,611 
117 
976 
441 

1,735 
672 

2,416 
477 


1,397 
585 


963 
1,467 
1,057 

413 
1,474 
1,536 

946 
1,630 

493 

564 
10,771 


1,881 
""885 


214 
386 

1,527 
107 

2,905 
775 
787 

1,002 

1,460 
997 


1,281 

947 

76 

299 

213 


1,129 


467 
377 


3,781 


2,102 
1,131 


319 
480 
101 
956 

1,286 
102 

1,162 


1,157 
1,035 
1,281 
1,451 
1,762 
1,654 
1,499 
896 
1,087 


2,571 

553 

1,247 

4,621 

1,911 

1,421 

5,262 

2,043 

2,480 

650 

58,313 

3,391 

1,902 

953 

846 

3,533 

330 

177 

756 

116 

2,917 

632 

1,564 

236 

1,034 

1,608 

2,047 

866 

2,678 

487 

318 

362 

1,636 

622 

958 

1,214 

2,460 

1,636 

681 

1,268 

1,421 

765 

1,688 

407 

806 

27,112 

611 

1,533 

92 

955 

292 

280 

418 

1,628 

342 

3,238 

1,018 

842 

1,396 

1,713 

1,003 

34 

217 

1,462 

995 

77 

397 

148 

225 

1,469 

366 

191 

609 

418 

4,801 

744 

2,003 

1,160 

668 

475 

662 

310 

938 

1,590 

317 

982 

102 

970 

937 

1,130 

1,446 

1,417 

1,561 

1,201 

842 

1,128 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Canaan,  O— 

Canaan,  Pa 

Canaan,  Vt. 

Canaan,  Vt 

Canada,  Ga 

Canada,  Kan 

Canada,  Neb 

Canada,  N.C 

Canada  de  Aguilar,  N.M 

Cauadian,  Ark 

Canadian,  Col 

Canadice,  N.Y 

Canajoharie,  N.Y 

Canajoharie,  N.Y 

Canal,  Pa 

Canal  Dover,  0 

Canal  Fulton,  O 

Canal  Winchester,  0.... 

Canandaigua,  N.Y 

Canandaigua,  N.Y 

Canarsie,  N.Y 

Canaseraga,  N.Y 

Canastota,  N.Y 

Canastota,  S.D 

Canaville,  Kan 

Canby,  Minn 

Canby,  Neb 

Canby,  Ore 

Candelaria,  Nev 

Candia,N.H 

Candler,  Qa 

Cando,  N.D 

Candor,  Minn 

Candor,  N.Y 

Cane,  Ark 

Caneadea,  N.Y 

Cane  Creek,  Ala 

Cane  Creek,  Ark 

Cane  Creek,  Ark 

Cane  Creek,  Ga 

Cane  Creek,  Mo 

Cane  Creek,  S.C 

Cane  Creek,  Tenn 

Cane  Hill,  Ark 

Canemah,  Ore 

Cane  River,  N.C 

Cane  Valley,  Ky 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Kan 

Caney,  Kan 

Caney,  Ky 

Caney,  Ky 

Caney  Fork,  Ark 

Caney  Fork,  N.C 

Caneyville,  Ky 

Caneyville,  Ky 

Canfield,  Col 

Canfield,  0 

Canfield,  0 

Canisteo,  Minn 

Canisteo,  N.Y 

Canisteo,  N.Y 

Canjilon,  N.M 

Cannelburg,  Ind 

Cannelton,  Ind 

Cannelville,  0 

Canning,  S.D 

Cannon,  Mich 

Cannon  City,  Minn 

Cannon  Falls,  Minn.... 
Cannon  Falls,  Minn.... 

Cannons,  S.C 

Cannonsburg,  Ky 

Cannonsburg,  Pa 

Cannonville,  Utah 

Canoe,  Ala 

Canoe,  Iowa 

Canoe,  Pa 

Canoe  Creek,  111 

Caftoncito,  N.M 

Caflon  City,  Col 

Canon  City,  Col 

Cafion  Creek,  Cal 

Ca&on  Creek,  Mont 

Cafion  de  Los  Manueli- 

tas,  N.M 

Canones,  N.M 

Cafion  Largo,  N.M 

Canosia,  Minn 

Canova,  S.D 

CantaRecio,  N.M 


Rank  of 
place. 


poet-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-diijt 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

tow^nship 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
post-twp 
post-twp 
precinct 


County. 


Wayne 

Wayne , 

Essex 

Essex 

Union 

Labette 

Polk 

Jackson 

San  Miguel 

Mississippi 

Larimer 

Ontario 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Venango 

Tuscarawas 

Stark 

Franklin 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Kings 

Alleghany 

Madison 

McCook 

Chautauqua.... 
Yellow  Med.... 

Chase 

Clackamas 

Esmeralda 

Rockingham... 

Hall 

Towner 

Otter  Tail 

Tioga 

White 

Alleghany 

Clarke 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Lumpkin 

Butler 

Lancaster 

Lewis 

Washington.... 

Clackamas 

Yancey 

Adair 

Faulkner 

Independence. 
Little  River.. .. 
Montgomery... 

Nevada 

Woodruff 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pike 

Jackson 

Grayson 

Grayson 

Boulder 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Dodge 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Rio  Arriba....;. 

Daviess 

Perry 

Muskingum.... 

Hughes 

Kent 

Rice 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Newberry 

Boyd 

Washington.... 

Garfield 

Escambia 

Winneshiek..., 

Indiana 

Rock  Island.... 

Santa  F6 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Trinity 

Yellowstone.... 


San  Miguel.. 
Rio  Arriba... 
San  Miguel.. 

St.  Louis 

Miner 

Socorro 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,136 

676 
637 
162 
388 
676 
823 
382 


672 


895 
4,294 
2,013 
1,030 
2,208 
1,196 

850 
8,363 
5,726 
1,760 

701 
1,569 


864 
331 


756 
1,340 


180 
4,323 

694 
1,764 

716 
1,097 

705 

333 

341 
2,319 

16' 
1,744 


1,858 
l,;i38 


266 


873 

89 

1,151 


767 
1,092 

245 

690 
3,421 

235 


1,528 

660 

914 

3,694 

1,907 


159 
1,834 


1,220 

1,188 

1,046 

942 

1,840 

905 

699 

137 

751 

991 

1,217 

4S6 


1,601 


2,331 
496 
829 
616 
42.S 
741 

1,267 
006 
330 
403 
130 
730 

4,267 

2,089 
959 

3,470 

1,173 
633 

8,229 

5,868 

2,452 
659 

2,774 
388 
974 
470 
359 
787 
345 

1,108 
720 
200 
300 

3,674 
868 

1,639 
942 

1,036 

1,056 
299 
360 

2,706 
306 

1,379 
416 

1,210 

1,494 
605 
168 
363 
7.30 

1,087 
299 

1,967 
542 

1,252 
869 
491 
731 

3,013 
273 
398 

1,666 
675 
832 

3,629 

2,071 
553 
276 

1,991 
177 
116 

1,115 

1,057 
835 

1,078 

1,666 
784 

2,113 
273 
883 
861 

1,276 
389 
370 

3,034 

2,826 

58 

137 

296 

388 
286 
170 
395 
79 


II 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Canterbury,  Conn 

Canterbury,  N.H 

Canton,  Ala 

Canton,  Conn 

Canton,  Ga 

Canton,  Ga. 

Canton,  III 

Canton,  111 

Canton,  Iowa 

Canton,  Kan 

Canton,  Kan 

Canton,  Kan 

Canton,  Ky 

Canton,  Ky 

Canton,  Me 

Canton,  Mass 

Canton,  Mich 

Canton,  Minn 

Canton,  Minn 

Canton,  Miss 

Canton,  Mo 

Canton,  Mo 

Canton,  N.T 

Canton,  N.T 

Canton,  0 

Canton,  0 , 

Canton,  Pa..  , 

Canton,  Pa 

Canton,  Pa. 

Canton,  S.D 

Canton,  S.D 

Canton,  S.D , 

Canton,  Tex 

Canton,  Wis 

Cantril,  Iowa 

Canville,  Kan 

Canyon  City,  Ore 

Canyon  City,  Ore 

Canyon  Creek,  Mont... 

Canyon  Creek,  Ore 

Canyon  Creek,  Utah.... 

Canyonville,  Ore 

Capay,  Cal 

Cape  Douglas,  Alaska.. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  Me 

Cape  Fear,  N.C 

Cape  Fear,  N.C 

Cape  Fear,  N.C 

Cape  Girardeau,  Mo 

Cape  Girardeau,  Mo 

Cape  Krusenstern,  Alas. 

Capel,  Iowa 

Cape  May,  N.J 

Cape  May  Point,  N.J... 
Cape  Nome,  Alaska.... 

Caperton,  \V.  Va 

Cape  Smythe,  Alaska... 

Capeville,  Va 

Cape  Vincent,  N.T 

Cape  Vincent,  N.T 

Capioma,  Kan 

Capital,  111 

Capitan  Grande,  Cal.... 

Capitola,  S.D 

Capon,  W.  Va 

Capon,  W.  Va 

Capp  Creek,  Mo 

Capron,  111 

Capulin,  Col 

Carbon,  Idaho 

Carbon,  Ind 

Carbon,  Pa 

Carbon,  Wyo 

Carbonado,  Wash 

Carbonado,  Wash 

Curliondale,  Col 

Carbondale,  111 

Carbondale,  111 

CHrbondale,  Kan 

Carbondale,  Pa. 

Carbondale,  Pa 

Carbon  Hill,  Ala 

Cardiff,  Ala 

Cardiff,  Col 

Cardiff,  Tenn 

Cardington,  0 

Cardington,  0 

Cardwell,  Mont 

Carencro,  La. 

Carey,  Ky 

Carey,  0 

Caribou,  Col 

Caribou,  Me 

Carimona,  Minn 

Carl,  Iowa 

Carl,  S.D 


Eank  of 
place. 


72 


post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

hamlet 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

hamlet 

post-town 

village 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Windham 

Merrimack.... 

Wilcox 

Hartford 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Benton , 

Kingman 

McPherson 

McPherson..... 

Trigg 

Trigg 

Oxford 

Norfolk 

Wayne , 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Madison 

Lewis 

Lewis 

St.  Lawrence.. 
St.  Lawrence.... 

Stark 

Stark 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Washington 

Lincoln , 

Lincoln 

Potter 

Van  Zandt... 

Buffalo 

Van  Buren.. 

Neosho 

Grant 

Grant 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
Clackamas... 

Morgan 

Douglas 

Tolo 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,272 
1,033 
1,245 
2,301 
1,203 
363 
4,738 
3,762 
1,471 


950 
396 
1,869 
246 
1,029 
4,516 
1,350 
1,347 


Cumberland 

Chatham 

Moore 

New  Hanover... 
Cape  Girardeau 
Cape  Girardeau 


Sioux , 

Cape  May., 
Cape  May., 


Fayette. 


Northampton. 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Nemaha , 

Sangamon 

San  Diego 

Spink 

Hampshire 

Hardy 

Barry 

Boone 

Conejos , 

Shoshone 

Clay 

Huntingdon... 

Carbon , 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Garfield 

Jackson 

Jackson , 


Lackawanna.... 
Lackawanna.... 

Walker 

Jefferson 

Garfield 

Koane 

Morrow 

Morrow 

Jefferson 

Lafayette 

Cumberland 

Wyandot 

Boulder 

Aroostook 

Fillmore 

Adams 

HcPhenon 


2,083 

3,514 

2,632 

6,275 

2,049 

14,873 

12,258 

1,837 

1,194 

605 


675 


331 

738 
252 
878 
658 
393 


417 
931 


5,302 
2,429 


1,293 
5,791 
3,889 


1,699 


2,875 

3,143 

1,361 

864 

19,743 


1,501 

1,879 

1,930 

323 


600 

1,393 

365 


3,551 
2,213 
710 
1,163 
7,714 


2,376 
1,365 


1,156 
1,148 


2,756 
898 
828 


947 

964 

1,487 

2,500 

1,567 

659 

6,807 

5,604 

672 

259 

1,050 

420 

2,142 

339 

1,303 

4,538 

1,184 

1,096 

281 

2,131 

3,607 

2,241 

6,096 

2,580 

28,477 

26,189 

1,835 

1,393 

1,830 

1,642 

1,101 

43 

421 

744 

356 

1,103 

382 

304 

110 

150 

433 

600 

898 

85 

6,459 

2,441 

1,058 

1,166 

6,014 

4,297 

45 

696 

2,136 

167 

41 

562 

246 

3,668 

3,014 

1,324 

797 

24,963 

38 

163 

1,552 

2,117 

3,701 

436 

411 

157 

521 

1,311 

1,140 

727 

705 

166 

3,599 

2,382 

847 

1,784 

10,833 

568 

203 

522 

430 

2,147 

1,428 

49 

289 

?  1,805 

1,605 

169 

4,087 

727 

837 

227 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Carleton,  Mich , 

Carleton,  Neb 

Carleton,  Neb 

Carlin,  111 

Cariin,  Nev 

Carlinville,  111 

Carlinville,  111 

Carlisle,  Ark 

Carlisle,  Ark 

Carlisle,  Col 

Carlisle,  Ind 

Carlisle,  Ky , 

Carlisle,  Ky 

Carlisle,  Mass 

Carlisle,  Minn 

Carlisle,  N.M 

Carlisle,  N.T 

Carlisle,  N.D 

Carlisle,  0 

Carlisle,  Ore 

Carlisle,  Pa 

Carlisle,  S.D 

Carl  Junction,  Mo 

Carlos,  Minn , 

Carlowville,  Ala , 

Carlsbad,  Cal 

Carlson,  S.D , 

Carlston,  Minn 

Carlton,  Col 

Carlton,  Iowa , 

Carlton,  Kan 

Carlton,  Ky 

Carlton,  Mich 

Carlton,  N.T 

Carlton,  Ore 

Carlton,  S.D 

Carlton,  Wis 

Carlyle,  III 

Carlyle.  Ill 

Carlyle,  Kan 

Cariyle,  S.D 

Carmel,  Alaska , 

Carmel,  Ind 

Carmel,  Me 

Carmel,  Mich , 

Carmel,  N.T 

Carmi,  111 

Carmi,  111 , 

Carmi,  Kan 

Carmichael,  Pa 

Carmichael,  S.D. 

Cam,  S.C 

Carnahan,  Ore 

Camero,  Col 

Camesville,  Ga- 

Carnesville,  Ga 

Caro,  Mich 

Caroga,  N.T 

Carolina,  N.C 

Caroline,  Ark 

Caroline,  N.T 

Carondelet,  Mo 

Carothers,  Ala 

Carpenter,  Ala„ 

Carpenter,  Ala 

Carpenter,  Ark 

Carpenter,  Ind 

Carpenter,  Iowa 

Carpentersville,  111.... 
Carpentersville,  Ind... 

Carp  Lake,  Midi 

Carp  Lake,  Mich 

Ciirr,  Col 

Garr,  Ind 

Carr,  Ind 

Carr,  N.C 

Carrabelle,  Fla 

Carr  Creek,  Kan 

Carriboo,  Idaho 

Carrico,  Neb 

Carrier's  Mills,  111 

Carrigan,  111 

Carrington,  N.D 

Carrizo,  N.M 

Carrizo,  Tex 

Carrizo  Springs,  Tex. 

Carroll,  Ark 

Carroll,  111 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Iowa , 

Carroll,  Iowa... , 

Carroll,  Me 

Carroll,  Mo 

Carroll,  Mo «.... 

Carroll,  Mo..... 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

poet- town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

village 

poet-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

townsSip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 


Monroe 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Calhoun 

Elko 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Lonoke 

Lonoke , 

Kit  Carson.... 

Sullivan 

Nicholas , 

Nicholas , 

Middlesex 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Schoharie 

Pembina 

Lorain 

Malheur 

Cumberland.. 

Brown 

Jasper 

Douglas 

Dallas 

San  Diego 

Miner 

Freeborn 

Prowers 

Tama 

Dickinson 

Boone 

Barry 

Orleans 

TamHill 

Hand 

Kewaunee.... 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Allen 

Beadle 


Hamilton.., 
Penobscot.. 

Eaton 

Putnam 

White 

White 

Pratt 

Greene 

Marion 

Colleton 

Tillamook.. 
Saguache... 
Franklin.... 
Franklin.... 

Tuscola 

Fulton 

Pitt 

Lohoke 

Tompkins.. 
St.  Louis... 

Pickens 

Coffee 

Jackson 

Clay 

Jasper 

Mitchell 

Kane 

Putnam 

Emmet 

Ontonagon., 

Weld 

Clarke 

Jackson , 

Greene 

Franklin  .... 

Mitchell , 

Bingham..... 

Hayes 

Saline 

Marion 

Foster 

Colfax 

Zapata 

Dimmit 

Ouachita.... 
Vermilion... 

Carroll 

Carroll 

O'Brien 

Tama 

Penobscot... 

Platte 

Reynolds.... 
Texas. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


434 
757 
274 
630 
394 
4,014 
3,117 
440 
159 


489 

3,013 

909 

478 


1,720 
T,329 
6',"209 


200 
673 


500 


1,009 


818 
1,480 
2,477 

468 


1,604 
2,448 
2,017 


'1,220 
1,175 
2,811 
4,140 
2,512 


489 

1,515 

877 


1,444 
184 

1,282 
8.55 


1,297 
2,171 
5,691 
1,156 


678 
2,088 
131 
348 
218 
109 
73 


1,126 
1,783 


461 


1,630 
875 


832 

1,921 

2,111 

1,385 

329 

790 

625 

2,782 

1,234 

«6l| 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Carroll,  Mont 

Carroll,  Neb 

Carroll,  N.H 

Carroll,  N.Y 

Carroll,  0 ■ 

Carroll,  0 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  S.D 

Carroll,  W.  Va 

Carroll's  Prairie,  Tex..- 

Carrollton,  Ala 

CarrolUou,  Ark 

Carrollton,  Ark 

Carrollton,  Ga 

Carrollton,  Ga 

Carrollton,  111 

Carrollton,  III 

Carrollton,  Ind 

Carrollton,  Ac,  Ky 

Carrollton,  Ky 

Carrollton,  Mich 

Carrollton,  Mich 

Carrollton,  Minn 

Carrollton,  Miss 

Carrollton,  Mo 

Carrollton,  Mo 

Carrollton,  N.Y 

Carrollton,  0 

CarroUtown,  Pa.. 

Carrsville,  Ky 

Carrsville,  Ky 

Carryall,  0 

Carson,  111 

Carson,  Iowa 

Carson,  Iowa 

Carson,  Minn 

Carson,  Wis 

Carson  City,  Mich 

Carson  City,  Nev 

Carson's  Lake,  Ark 

Carsonville,  Ga 

Carsonville,  Minn 

Cartecay,  Ga 

Carter,  Ala 

Carter,  Ark 

Carter,  Ga 

Carter,  Ind 

Carter,  Mo 

Carter  Depot,  Tenn 

Carter's  Crossing,  S.C... 
Carter's  Furnace,Tenn. 

Cartersville,  Ga 

Cartersville,  Ga 

Cartersville,  Mont 

Cartersville,  S.C 

Cartersville,  S.C 

Carterville,  111 

Carterville,  111 

Carterville,  Mo 

Carthage,  Ala 

Carthage,  111 

Carthage,  111 , 

Carthiige,  Ind 

Carthage,  Ky 

Carthage,  Ky 

Carthage,  Me 

Carthage,  Miss 

Carthage,  Miss 

Carthage,  Mo 

Carthago,  N.M 

Carthage,  N.M 

Carthage,  N.Y 

Carthage,  N.C 

Carthage,  N.C 

Carthage,  0 

Carthage,  O 

Carthage,  S.D 

Carthage,  S.D 

Carthage,  Tenn , 

Carthage,  Tex , 

Cartoogechaye,  N.C 

Cartwright,  111 

Caruthersvllle,  Mo 

Carver,  Ala 

Carver,  Ky 

Carver,  Mass 

Carver,  Minn 

Carver  Creek,  N.C , 

Carver  Creek,  N.C 

Cary,N.C 

Cary,N.C 

Caryville,  Fla 

C»8»,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


post' 
post' 


■town 
■town 


township 
township 


post 
tow 


■vill 


w  .,'nship 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
.-dist 
■vill 
.■prect 
■nship 
twp 
•dist 


6 


mag. 

post- 

post- 

towr 

post 

mil.- 

l>o8t-town 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post  vill 

city 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Deer  Lodge 

Wayne 

Coos 

Chautauqua 

Fairfield 

Ottawa 

Cambria 

Perry 

Washington 

York 

Charles  Mix 

Lincoln 

Hopkins 

Pickens 

Boone 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Greene 

Greene 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Fillmore 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus 

Carroll 

Cambria 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Paulding 

Fayette 

Pottawattamie.. 
Pottawattamie.. 

Cottonwood 

Portage 

Montcalm 

Ormsby 

Mississippi 

Taylor 

Becker 

Gilmer 

Morgan 

Ashley 

Laurens 

Spencer 

Carter 

Carter 

Sumter 

Carter 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Florence 

Florence 

Williamson 

Williamson 

Jasper 

Hale 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Rush 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Franklin 

Leake 

Leake 

Jasper 

Socorro 

Socorro 

Jefferson 

Moore 

Moore 

Athens 

Hamilton 

Miner 

Miner 

Smith 

Panola.. 

Macon 

Sangamon 

Pemiscot 

Mobile 

Cumberland 

Plymouth 

Carver 

Bladen 

Cumberland 

Wake 

Wake 

Washington 

Perry 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


632 
1,718 

288 
1,697 
1,29.5 
1,417 
2,064 
1,083 


2,132 


1,834 

802 

1,148 

3,803 

926 


1,934 

1,199 

3,475 

1,332 

1,737 

825 

980 

394 

4,926 

2,313 

2,171 

1,136 

502 

2,507 

178 

2.582 


456 
426 
709 

4,229 
161 

1,167 


900 


1,419 


1,910 
798 
733 
1,623 
1,061 
5,650 
2,037 


1,090 

692 

483 

1,138 

2,679 

1,594 

500 

1,277 


507 
3,857 

285 
4,167 


1,912 

2,336 

366 

1,308 


327 

290 

584 

2,050 


671 

232 

1,039 

683 

1,688 

2,299 

1,380 

316 

561 

iOl 


549 

68 

813 

1,787 

293 

1,793 

1,226 

1,283 

1,919 

993 

229 

2,702 

239 

1,415 

1,129 

1,573 

5,363 

1,451 

3,289 

2,258 

1,247 

3,743 

1,720 

2,075 

1,074 

726 

488 

4,984 

3,878 

1,884 

1,228 

634 

2,231 

240 

2,638 

628 

924 

391 

556 

961 

921 

3,950 

451 

926 

432 

874 

949 

1,696 

311 

2,125 

652 

760 

2,071 

916 

6,508 

3,171 

115 

1,164 

314 

1,352 

969 

2,884 

1,241 

2,536 

1,654 

482 

801 

275 

390 

3,390 

322 

7,981 

367 

257 

2,278 

2,719 

485 

1,240 

2,257 

463 

200 

478 

554 

819 

1,911 

230 

565 

1,018 

994 

625 

1,551 

2,097 

1,334 

423 

871 

532 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Casa  Colorado,  N.M. 
Casa  Grande,  Ariz... 
Casa  Salazar,  N.M... 

Cascade,  Col 

Cascade,  Iowa 

Cascade,  Iowa 

Cascade,  Mich , 

Cascade,  Minn 

Cascade,  Mont , 

Cascade,  Mont 

Cascade,  Ore 

Cascade,  Pa 

Cascade  Locks,  Ore. 

Cascades,  Wash 

Casco,  Me 

Casco,  Mich 

Casco,  Mich 

Casco,  Wis 

Case,  Mich 

Caseville,  Mich 

Caseville,  Mich 

Casey,  111 

Casey,  111 

Casey,  Iowa 

Casey,  N.D 

Casey  Creek,  Ky 

Casey  Creek,  Ky 

Caseyville,  111 

Casey ville.  111 

Caseyville,  Ky , 

Caseyville,  Ky , 

Cashel,  Minn 

Cashier  Valley,  N.C 

Casky,  Ky 

Casner,  111 

Casnovia,  Mich , 

Casnovia,  Mich , 

Casnovia,  Mich 

CasoD,  Ky.. 

Caspar,  Cal 

Casper,  Wyo , 

Cass,  111 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind , 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind , 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind , 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass,  Mo , 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass,  0 , 

Cass,  0 

Cass,  0 

Cass,  Pa , 

Cass,  Pa 

Cass,  W.  Va. 

Cass  City,  Mich 

Casselton,  N.D 

Casselton,  N.D 

Cassia,  Fla 

Cassopolis,  Mich 

Casstown,  0 

Cassville,  Ga 

Cassville,  Mo , 

Cassville,  Pa 

Cassville,  W.  Va 

Cassville,  Wis , 

Cassville,  Wis , 

Cast,  Ala 

Castalia,  N.C 

Castalia,  N.C 

Castalia,  S.D 

Castanea,  Pa. 

Castile,  N.Y , 

Castile,  N.Y 

Castine,  Me 

Castle,  Kan 

Castle,  Mont 

Castleberry,  Ala 

Castle  Dale,  Utah... 
Castle  Dale,  Utah... 
Castle  Gate,  Utah.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mag  -dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

Tillage 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

poet-Till 

post-town 

township 

poet-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-prect 


County. 


Valencia 

Pinal 

Bernalillo 

Montrose 

Dubuque 

Dubuque 

Kent 

Olmsted 

Cascade 

Park 

Clackamas. ... 

Lycoming 

Wasco 

Skamania 

Cumberland.. 

Allegan 

Saint  Clair ... 
Kewaunee  ... 
Presque  Isle.. 

Huron 

Huron 

Clark 

Clark 

Guthrie 

Ransom 

Adair 

Casey 

Saint  Clair.... 
Saint  Clair.... 

Union 

Union » 

Swift 

Jackson 

Christian 

Jefferson 

Kent 

Muskegon.... 
Muskegon.... 

Harrison 

Mendocino 

Natrona 

Fulton 

Clay 

Dubois 

Greene 

La  Porte 

Ohio 

Pulaski 

Sullivan 

White 

Boone 

Cass 

Cedar 

Clayton 

Guthrie 

Hamilton.^... 

Harrison 

Jones 

Shelby 

Wapello 

Douglas 

Greene 

Stone 

Texas 

Hancock 

Muskingum.. 

Richland 

Huntingdon.. 
Schuylkill.... 
Monongalia.. 

Tuscola 

Cass 

Cass 

Lake 

Cass 

Miami 

Bartow 

Barry 

Huntingdon., 

Wayne 

Grant 

Grant 

Talladega 

Nash 

Nash 

Charles  Mix.. 

Clinton 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Hancock 

McPherson... 

Meagher 

Conecuh 

Emery 

Emery 

X^ery.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


33 


1,231 

762 

1,195 

767 


389 
514 


149 

908 

1,660 

2,212 

1,669 

iioM 

634 

2,062 

778 

473 


976 


658 

2,572 

399 

248 

426 

1,122 

1,029 

196 

1,715 

196 

1,649 


1,457 
551 

1,448 
818 

1,398 
775 
595 

1,499 
624 
423 

1,200 
626 

1,604 

2,224 
592 
444 
912 
498 
933 
578 

1,946 
710 

1,122 
829 
962 

1,614 
720 

3,004 

1,469 
313 


361 


912 

331 

1,943 


188 
253 
1,301 
610 
815 
866 
133 


343 
2,315 

966 
1,216 

609 


828 


73 


214 
328 
381 
663 

1,196 
966 

1,147 
687 
134 
230 
609 
609 
275 
164 
844 

1,819 

1,811 

1,211 
246 

1,193 
508 

2,286 
844 
462 
328 
932 
940 

2,160 
475 

2,917 
301 
273 
484 

1,149 

1,0.33 
275 

1,734 
275 

1,990 
206 
544 

1,377 
515 

1,436 
847 

1,442 
701 
594 

2,356 
893 
433 

1,298 
636 

1,690 

2,175 
638 
840 
836 

1,026 
561 

1,346 

2,269 
970 

1,606 
759 
963 

1,489 
590 

2,642 

1,496 
813 

1,002 
840 
205 

1,369 
292 

1,832 
626 
185 
266 

1,465 
886 

1,346 

1,202 
169 
438 
484 

2,4S1 

1,146 
987 
660 
383 

1,738 
409 
303 
699 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Castle  Grove,  Iowa 

Castle  Rock,  Col 

Castle  Rock,  Col 

Castle  Rock,  Minu 

Castle  Rock,  Neb 

Castle  Rock,  Ore 

Castle  Rock,  Ore 

Castle  Rock,  Wash 

Castle  Rock,  Wis 

Castleton,  Col 

Castleton,  Kan 

Castleton,  Mich 

Castleton,  N.Y 

Castleton,  N.Y 

Castleton,  Vt 

Castlewood,  S.D 

Castlewood,  Ya. 

Casto,  Mo 

Castor,  Mo 

Castor,  Mo 

Castoria,  Cal 

Castroville,  Cal 

Castroville,  Cal 

Castroville,  Tex 

Caswell,  Ark 

Caswell,  N.C 

Cataloochee,  N.C 

Catalpa,  Ya 

Catasauqua,  Pa 

Catasauqua,  Pa 

Cataula,  Ga 

Catawba,  N.C 

Catawba,  N.C 

Catawba,  0 

Catawba,  S.C 

Catawba,  Ya 

Catawba  Island,  0 

Catawba  Springs,  N.C. 

Catawissa,  Pa 

Catawissa,  Pa 

Cat  Creek,  Ga. 

Cates,  Ga. 

Catharine,  Kan 

Catharine,  N.Y. 

Catharine,  Pa. 

Catherton,  Neb 

Cathey  Creek,  N.C 

Cathey  Creek,  Tenn.... 

Catlettsburg,  Ky 

Catlettsburg,  Tenn 

Catlin,  Col 

Catlin,  Ac,  111 

Catlin,  111 

Catlin,  Kan 

Catlin,  N.Y 

Cation,  Ore 

Cato,  Ga 

Cato,  Mich 

Cato,  Miss. 

Cato,  N.Y 

Cato,  Wis 

Catoctin,  Md 

Caton,  N.Y 

Catonsville,  Md 

Catoosa,  6a 

Catron  Creek,  Ky 

Catskill,  N.Y , 

Catskill,  N.Y 

Cattaraugus,  N.Y 

Cattle  Creek,  Col 

Cattron,S.D 

Cauthron,  Ark 

Cauthron,  Ark , 

Cavalier,  N.D 

Cave,  Ark 

Cave,  111 

Cave  City,  Ky 

Cave  City,  Ky 

Cave  in  Rock,  111 

Cavendish,  Vt. 

Cave  Spring,  Ala 

Cave  Spring,  Ga 

Cave  Spring,  Ga 

Cave  Spring,  Va 

Cavetown,  Md 

Cavetown,  Md 

Cavour,  S.D 

Caw  Caw,  S.C 

Cawker,  Kan 

Cawker,  Kan 

Cayce,  Ky 

Cayuga,  N.Y 

Cayuta,  N.Y 

Cazenovia,  111 

Cazenovia,  N.Y- 

Cazenovia,  N.Y 

74 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

village 

mil.-dist 

township 

I)ost-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-beat 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Jones 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Dakota 

Scott's  Bluff.... 

Malheur 

Morrow 

Cowlitz 

Grant 

Gunnison 

Reno 

Barry 

Rensselaer.  .... 

Richmond. 

Rutland 

Hamlin 

Russell 

Shannon 

Madison 

Stoddard. 

San  Joaquin.... 

Monterey 

Monterey 

Medina 

Calhoun 

Pender 

Haywood 

Culpeper 

Lehigh 

Northampton.. 

Harris. 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Clarke 

York 

Roanoke 

Ottawa 

Lincoln 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Lowndes 

Gwinnett 

Ellis 

Schuyler 

Blair 

Webster 

Transylvania... 

Lewis 

Boyd 

Sevier 

Otero 

Vermilion 

Vermilion , 

Marion 

Chemung 

Harney 

Washington.... 

Montcalm 

Rankin 

Cayuga 

Manitowoc 

Frederick 

Steuben 

Baltimore 

Catoosa 

Harlan. 

Greene 

Greene 

Cattaraugus.. .. 

Garfield.. 

Potter. 

Logan 

Scott 

Pembina 

Sharp 

Franklin 

Barren 

Barren 

Hardin 

Windsor 

Jackson 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Roanoke 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Beadle 

Orangeburg. . . 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Fulton 

Cayuga 

Schuyler........ 

Woodford 

Madison 

Madison 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


88 
706 


770 


352 

2,421 

912 

12,679 

2,605 


2,622 
213 
1,049 
3,422 
1,364 


533 

731 

320 

1,150 

391 

3,328 

3,066 


948 
2,240 

142 

250 
4,443 
1,032 

520 
3,088 
2,002 
1,427 

789 
1,242 

244 
1,617 

696 


723 

169 

1,226 

980 


1,930 
317 
598 

1,460 


1,900 

1,397 

3,508 

2,069 

1,875 

1,602 

1,642 

1,712 

752 

297 

8,311 

4,320 

705 


648 


395 
1, 
2,234 


1,057 
1,276 


2,181 

836 

3,315 

1,665 

221 


2,881 

1,039 
1,312 
484 
601 
1,402 
4,363 
1,918 


750 

604 

316 

704 

175 

117 

63 

681 

681 

63 

448 

2,391 

1,127 

16,423 

2,396 

356 

3,209 

362 

1,983 

3,670 

1,320 

1,682 

641 

679 

1,164 

999 

600 

3,361 

3,704 

998 

1,167 

2,385 

196 

272 

6,678 

807 

550 

3,058 

2,348 

1,809 

1,021 

1,067 

456 

1,398 

613 

358 

697 

167 

1,374 

1,232 

332 

2,069 

276 

719 

1,180 

67 

1,274 

2,016 

3,858 

1,996 

1,793 

1,392 

1,445 

2,115 

804 

382 

8.263 

4,920 

878 

47 

30 

789 

466 

902 

515 

2,169 

2,138 

362 

1,020 

1,172 

533 

2,143 

952 

3,222 

1,757 

287 

310 

3,503 

1,490 

898 

1,527 

511 

560 

1,436 

4,182 

1,987 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


CearfosB,  Md 

Cebolla,N.M 

Cebolla,N.M 

Cebolla,N.M 

Cecil,  Ga 

Cecil,  0 

Cecil,  Ore 

Cecil,  Pa 

Cecilton,  Md 

Cecilton,  Md 

Cedar,  Ark 

Cedar,  Ark. 

Cedar,  Ark 

Cedar,  111 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Mich 

Cedar,  Mich 

Cedar,  Minn 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mont 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  S.D 

Cedar,  Utah 

Cedar  Bluff,  Ala. 

Cedar  Bluff,  Ala. 

Cedar  Bluff,  Mo 

Cedar  Bluff,  Tenn 

Cedar  Blufls,  Neb 

Cedar  Branch,  &c.,  Ky. 

Cedarburg,  Wis 

Cedarburg,  Wis 

Cedar  City,  Utah 

Cedar  Creek,  Ark 

Cedar  Creek,  Del 

Cedar  Creek,  Ga. 

Cedar  Creek,  Ga 

Cedar  Creek,  Ind 

Cedar  Creek,  Ind 

Cedar  Creek,  Mich 

Cedar  Creek,  Mich 

Cedar  Creek,  Mo 

Cedar  Creek,  Mo 

Cedar  Creek,  N.C 

Cedar  Creek,  Ore 

Cedar  Creek,  S.C 

Cedar  Creek,  Va 

Cedar  Falls,  Ark 

Cedar  Falls,  Iowa.. 

Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. 

Cedar  Fork,  N.C 

Cedar  Fork,  N.C 

Cedar  Fort,  Utah 

Cedar  Grove,  Ga. 

Cedar  Grove,  N.C 

Cedar  Grove,  N.C- 

Cedar  Hill,  Tex 

Cedar  Keys,  Fla 

Cedar  Lake,  Minn 

Cedar  Lake,  Wis 

Cedar  Mills,  Minn 

Cedar  Mountain,  Va.... 

Cedar  Point,  Ala 

Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa..... 
Cedar  Rapids,  Neb 


Bank  of 
place. 


postMlist 

prect (19) 

prect (20) 

prect (23) 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

hundred 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

I)ost-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-Till 


County. 


Washington... 

Mora 

Mora 

Mora 

Berrien 

Paulding 

Morrow..  

Washington... 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Carroll 

Polk 

Scott 

Knox 

Benton 

Black  Hawk.. 

Calhoun 

Cherokee 

Floyd 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lucas 

Mahaska 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Muscatine 

Pocahontas..... 

Sac 

Van  Buren...., 
Washington... 

Barber. 

Chase 

Cowley 

Jackson 

Smith 

Wilson 

Mackinac 

Osceola 

Martin 

Boone 

Callaway 

Cedar 

Dade 

Pettis 

Missoula 

Antelope 

Boone 

Buffalo 

Nance 

Saunders 

Wheeler 

Hand 

Iron 

Cherokee....... 

Cherokee 

Oregon 

Trousdale 

Saunders 

Meade 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Iron 

Crawford 

Sussex 

Coweta 

Taylor. 

Allen 

Lake 

Muskegon 

Wexford 

Taney 

Wayne 

Cumberland.. . 
Washington... 

Lancaster 

Bath 

Conway 

Black  Hawk.. 
Black  Hawk.. 

Durham 

Wake 

Utah 

Walker 

Orange 

Randolph 

Dallas 

Levy 

Scott 

Barron 

Meeker. 

Culpeper 

Mobile ..-. 

Linn 

Boone 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


169 


1,596 

3,528 

473 

4.949 


223 
1,976 
1,136 
691 
199 
459 
678 
639 
740 
963 
928 
813 
1,127 
1,034 
916 
410 
621 
356 
940 
876 


710 
1,209 
1,449 

809 


374 
182 
5,945 
3,306 
877 
1,161 
1,178 


673 
"817 


892 


228 


2,295 

2,536 

946 

691 

1,067 

4,186 

1,056 

958 

1,584 

1,457 

356 

553 


756 
3,114 


2,019 
949 


4,143 
3,020 


1,716 
250 
1, 
2,093 
1,501 


1,458 
944 
351 
474 

2,583 

417 

10,104 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cedar  Rirer,  Mich.... 

Cedar  Rock,  N.C 

Cedar  Run,  Ky 

Cedar  Run,  Va 

Cedar  Shoals,  Ga 

Cedar  Springs,  Ala... 

Cedar  Springs,  Ga 

Cedar  Springs,  Mich. 
Cedar  Springs,  8.C.... 

Cedartown,  Ga. 

Cedartown,  Ga 

Cedarvale,  Kan 

Cedar  Valley,  Neb.... 

Cedar  Valley,  Neb 

Cedarville,  Ala 

Cedarrille,  Ark 

Cedarville,  Ark 

Cedarville,  Cal 

Cedarville,  111 

Cedarville,  Mich 

Cedarville,  O 

Cedarville,  O 

Cedarville,  Va. 

Cedron,  Kan 

Celeste,  Tex 

Celia,  Kan 

Celina,0 

Celina,  Tenn 

Centennial,  Iowa 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Cal 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa. 

Center,  Iowa. 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa. 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

I  Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan , 

Center,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post- v  ill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Menominee 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fauquier 

Newton 

Cherokee 

Early 

Kent 

Abbeville 

Polk 

Polk 

Chautauqua 

Greeley 

Hamilton 

Hale 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Modoc 

Stephenson 

Menominee 

Greene 

Greene 

Warren 

Lincoln 

Hunt 

Rawlins 

Mercer 

Clay 

Lyon 

Montgomery ... 

Polk 

Pope 

Prairie 

Sebastian 

Washington 

Sacramento 

Benton 

Boone 

Clinton 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Gibson 

Grant 

Greene 

Hancock 

Hendricks 

Jennings 

Lake 

La  Porte 

Marion 

Marshall 

Martin 

Porter 

Posey 

Ripley 

Rush , 

Saint  Joseph. ... 

Starke , 

Union 

Vanderburg 

Wayne 

Allamakee 

Calhoun 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Decatur 

Dubuque 

Emmet...  

Fayette 

Henry 

Madison 

Mills 

Monona 

O'Brien 

Pocahontas 

Pottawattamie 

Sioux 

Wapello 

Winnebago 

Atchison 

Chautauqua.. .. 

Clark 

Cloud 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Garfield 

Hodgeman 

Jewell 

Kiowa 

Lyon 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

Ness 

Norton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,725 


2,694 
451 


1,117 
1,141 

1,746 

4,240 

843 

218 

302 

82 

2,803 


97 
911 


229 
2.702 
1,181 
2,050 

574 


1,346 


229 

346 

1,016 


455 
2,516 


422 

1,878 

5,481 

4,598 

6,106 

6,681 

1,672 

4,418 

1,977 

4,284 

3,255 

2,752 

2,864 

7,599 

80,648 

5,133 

1,332 

5,971 

1,006 

1,940 

1,435 

768 

764 

2,518 

1,927 

2,307 

1,079 

243 

2,942 

1,219 

883 

1,276 

196 

810 

6,275 

2,583 

986 

546 

359 

166 

1,148 


10,779 

1,565 

2,444 

631 


967 


1,101 
2,177 


453 
1,017 


848 
1,7-24 
592 
579 
722 
996 


307 

1,816 

854 

2,683 

365 

852 

1,506 

1,035 

1,613 

6,595 

1,625 

640 

170 

135 

3,009 

602 

80 

845 

326 

536 

2,361 

1,355 

2,065 

538 

250 

527 

2,702 

223 

296 

451 

1,430 

360 

806 

2,167 

1,369 

383 

2,219 

6,945 

6,922 

5,371 

12,879 

1,608 

10,310 

1,768 

5,388 

3,221 

2,860 

2,894 

8,661 

117,328 

5,001 

1,519 

6,062 

1,044 

1,948 

1,071 

735 

1,480 

2,544 

1,286 

2,050 

841 

752 

3,117 

1,024 

616 

1,166 

283 

890 

6,007 

2,281 

960 

581 

672 

506 

752 

500 

15,964 

1,493 

1,646 

716 

746 

823 

310 

1,536 

2,175 

329 

624 

1,359 

624 

1,428 

760 

717 

471 

999 

1,762 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Kan.... 

,  Mich... 

,  Mich... 

,  Miss ... 

,Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

•,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

',  Neb..., 

,Neb.... 

,  Neb.... 

,Neb.... 

,  Neb.... 

,Neb.... 

,  Neb.... 

,  Neb.... 

,  N.C...., 

,  N.C... 

,  N.D..., 

,N.D.... 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,  0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,  0 

,  O 

,  Ore.... 

,  Pa 

,  Pa.. 

,  Pa.. 

,  Pa.. 

,  Pa.. 

•,  Pa.. 

,  Pa... 

,  S.D.. 

,  Va., 

,  W.  Va.. 

,  W.  Va.. 

,  W.  Va.. 

,  W.  Va.. 

,  Wis.. 

,Wi8 

Center  Creek,  Minn.. 
Center  Grove,  Iowa... 
Center  Grove,  N.C... 

Center  Hill,  Ga 

Center  Plains,  Mich.. 

Center  Point,  Ky 

Centerville,  Ala 

Centerville,  Ark 

Centerville,  Ga 

Centerville,  Ga 

Centerville,  Iowa 

Centerville,  Kan 

Centerville,  Ky 

Centerville,  Ky 

Centerville,  Md 

Centerville,  Mich 

Centerville,  Neb 

Centerville,  N.C 

Centerville,  0 

Centerville,  Ore 

Centerville,  Pa 

Centerville,  Tenn 

Centerville,  Utah 

Centerville,  Wash 

Centerville,  W.  Va... 

Centerville,  Wis 

Central,  Cal 

Central,  111 

Central,  111 

Central,  Ky 

Central,  Miss 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Neb 

Central,  Neb 


Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 
Center, 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

district 

township 

precinct 

village 

village 

precinct 

borough 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 


Ottawa 

Pottawatomie... 

Pratt 

Reno 

Rice 

Riley 

Ru6h.„ 

Russell 

Smith 

Stevens 

Wilson 

Woodson 

Emmet , 

Lake , 

Jasper 

Buchanan 

Dade 

Hickory 

Knox 

McDonald 

Vernon 

Buffalo 

Butler 

Cass 

Greeley 

Hall 

Johnson 

Phelphs 

Saunders 

Chatham 

Stanly 

Nelson 

Richland 

Carroll 

Columbiana.... 

Guernsey 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Noble 

Williams 

Wood 

Linn 

Berks 

Butler 

Columbia 

Greene 

Indiana 

Perry 

Snyder 

Aurora 

Fauquier 

Calhoun 

Gilmer 

Wetzel 

Wyoming 

Outagamie 

Rock... 

Martin 

Dickinson 

Guilford 

Habersham 

Crawford , 

Monroe 

Coffee 

Yell 

Elbert 

Talbot. 

Appanoose 

Neosho 

Bonrbon 

Fleming , 

Saint  Mary's.., 

Leelanaw , 

Lancaster 

Pitt , 

Gallia 

UmaUUa. 

Butler 

Gibson , 

Davis 

Klickitat 

Tyler 

Manitowoc 

San  Bernardino 

Bond 

Randolph.... 

Muhlenberg, 

Jackson 

Barton 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Perry 

St.  Louis 

Knox 

Merrick 


PopnlatioD. 


1880.     1890. 


1.838 
609 


311 


672 
1,619 
1,827 


1,760 
703 
265 


2,790 
1,279 
1,988 

690 
1,178 

499 
2,796 


501 
702 


2,226 
1,473 


1,690 
3,719 
1,233 
1,466 
2,779 
1,164 
1,860 

1,' 
2,023 

480 
1,627 

980 
1,255 
1,843 

1, 

1,120 

1,060 


5,553 

1,090 

1,728 

2,602 

1,000 

1,596 

1,106 

263 

674 

906 

940 

154 

1,050 

922 


829 

922 

2,475 

1,064 

1,094 

1,728 

1,610 

668 

601 


272 
803 
418 
1,143 
529 


1,486 
1,560 


987 


813 

447 

2.014 

1,832 

2,046 

7,486 

238 

169 


394 

427 

1,728 

692: 

688. 

49fr 

360 

1,170 

1,263 

271 

2,430 

1,866 

219 

111 

3,048 

1,196 

2,383 

1,137 

1,466 

754 

8,427 

630 

696 

823 

843 

593 

609 

634 

910 

2,242 

1,668 

167 

576 

1,605 

3,953 

1,094 

1,639 

2,686 

1,106 

1,937 

1,541 

3,370 

386 

1,418 

1,006 

1,195 

1,767 

1,387 

1,046 

1,060 

166 

5,106 

1,396 

2,476 

2,472 

1,404 

1,488 

1,073 

497 

1,287 

899 

970 

202 

? 1,200 

867 

874 

1,240 

837 

3,668 

1,118 

1,179 

1,797 

1,808 

927 

788 

60 

216 

1,042 

448 

1,404 

632 

606 

1,446 

1,374 

1,134 

2.793 

792 

2,977 

766 

1,208 

2,493 

1,732 

2,289 

9,641 

616 

186 


76 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Central,  N.M 

Central,  N.M 

Central,  S.C 

Central,  S.C 

Cential,  Utah 

Central,  Va 

Central,  Va 

Central,  Va 

Central,  Wash 

Central,  W.  Va 

Central  City,  Col 

Central  City,  111 

Central  City,  111 

Central  City,  Iowa 

Central  City,  Ky 

Central  City,  Ky 

Central  City,  Neb 

Central  City,  S.D 

Central  Colony,  Cal 

Central  Covington,  Ky. 

Centralia,  III 

€entralia.  111 

Centralia,  Kan 

Centralia,  Mo 

Centralia,  Mo 

Centralia,  Pa 

Centralia,  Wash 

Centralia,  Wash 

Centralia,  Wis 

Central  Institute,  Ala.. 

■Central  Lake,  Mich 

Central  Point,  Minn.... 

Central  Point,  Ore 

Central  Point,  Ore 

Central  Point,  S.D 

Centre,  Ala 

Centre,  Ala 

Centre,  Ind 

Centre,  Miss .... 

Centre,  Mo 

Centre,  Mo 

Centre,  N.J 

Centre.  S.C 

Centre,  S.C 

Centreburg,  0 

Centre  Hall,  Pa 

Centre  Harbor,  N.H.... 

Centre  Hill,  Fla 

Centre  Junction,  Iowa 

Centre  Point,  Ark 

Centre  Point,  Ark 

Centre  Point,  Ind 

Centre  Point,  Iowa 

Centre  Point,  Tex 

Centre  Port,  Pa 

Centre  Star,  Ala 

Centre  View,  Mo 

Centreville,  Ala 

Centreville,  Ala 

Centreville,  Idaho 

Centreville,  Ind 

Centreville,  Kan 

Centreville,  La 

Centreville,  Me 

Centreville,  Md 

Centreville,  Md 

Centreville,  Mich 

Centreville,  Minn 

Centreville,  N.Y 

Centreville,  0 

Centreville,  Pa 

Centreville,  S.C 

Centreville,  S.D 

Centreville,  Tenn 

Centreville,  Tex 

Centreville,  Va 

Centreville  Station,  111. 

Centropolis,  Kan 

Ceredo,  W.  Va 

Ceredo,  W.  Va 

Ceres,  Pa 

Ceresco,  Minn 

Ceresco,  Neb 

Cerrillos,  N.M 

Cerrillos,  N.M 

Cerro  Gordo,  Fla 

Cerro  Gordo,  111 

Cerro  Gordo,  111 

Cerro  Gordo,  Minn 

Cerro  Gordo,  N.C 

Cessna,  0 

'"Jhadbourn,  N.C 

Chadbourn,  N.C 

Chadron,  Neb 

Chadron,  Neb 

Chagrin  Falls,  O 

76 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
precinct 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
precinct 
mag.-dist 
city 
village 
post-vill 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-town 
city 
village 
township 
township 
city 

post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
precinct 
city 

post-vill 
precinct 
post-twp 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
post-twp 
post-beat 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
post-town 
post-prect 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-boro' 
post-prect 
post-twp 
precinct 
post-vill 
post-prect 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-vill 
township 
district 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-twp 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
township 
city 

post-vill 
post-town 
mag.-dist 
■twp 
•twp 
;.-dist 

township 


post 
post-( 
mag.- 
post' 


post 
post 


■twp 
;-vill 


precinct 


post- 
post- 


•vill 
■prect 


township 


post 
post- 
post- 


vill 
■twp 
■vill 


township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Grant , 

Grant 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Sevier. 

Bedford 

Essex 

Rockingham... 

Jefferson 

Doddridge 

Gilpin 

Grundy 

Marion 

Linn 

Muhlenberg.... 
Muhlenberg..., 

Merrick 

Lawrence 

Fresno 

Kenton 

Marion 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Boone 

Boone 

Columbia 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Wood 

Elmore 

Antrim 

Goodhue 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Day 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Howard 

Attala 

Ralls 

Ralls 

Camden 

Oconee 

Richland 

Knox 

Centre 

Belknap 

Sumter 

Jones 

Howard 

Howard 

Clay 

Linn 

Kerr 

Berks 

Lauderdale 

Johnson 

Bibb 

Bibb 

BoisS 

Wayne 

Linn 

Saint  Mary 

Washington.... 
Queen  Anne's. 
Queen  Anne's. 
Saint  Joseph... 

Anoka 

Alleghany 

Montgomery... 

Crawford 

Anderson 

Turner 

Hickman 

Leon 

Fairfax 

Saint  Clair 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Wayne 

McKean 

Blue  Earth 

Saunders 

Santa  F6 

Santa  Fe 

Holmes 

Piatt 

Piatt 

Lac-qui-Parle. 

Columbus 

Hardin 

Columbus 

Columbus 

Dawes 

Dawes 

Cuyahoga , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


126 
2,161 
184 
199 
6,811 
3,710 
6,356 


1,185 
2,626 


411 


648 
1,008 

257 

730 
5,054 
3,621 

289 
1,334 

703 
1,886 


806 


401 
178 


144 

5,519 

3,746 

1,153 

55 

1,538 

3,086 

3,874 

400 

350 

521 


190 
1,643 
316 
295 
603 
134 


1,583 
1,644 


875 

1,553 

254 

137 

4,336 

1,196 

705 

876 

956 

274 

307 

1,977 


287 

223 

2,129 


1,057 

2,161 

462 

975 

620 


2,419 

565 

447 

90 

966 


1,562 


851 

257 

2,695 

396 

196 

7,908 

3,226 

6,569 

226 

1,383 

2,480 

673 

304 

467 

2,977 

1,144 

1,368 

519 

510 

981 

6,009 

4,763 

534 

2,122 

1,275 

2,761 

2,842 

2,026 

1,435 

976 

510 

107 

877 

634 

94 

1,909 

347 

10,388 

4,555 

1,226 

155 

1,834 

3,464 

4,798 

585 

441 

479 

428 

210 

1,591 

297 

517 

615 

543 

133 

1,679 

1,622 

1,553 

239 

142 

864 

1,662 

414 

114 

4,125 

1,309 

775 

1,134 

911 

252 

274 

2,327 

723 

498 

288 

2,127 

3,751 

1,036 

3,604 

923 

1,207 

560 

211 

659 

446 

409 

2,822 

939 

727 

129 

873 

943 

156 

2,309 

1,867 

1,504 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Chagrin  Falls,  0 

CbaHooga,  S.C 

Chain  of  Ponds,  Me 

Cbalitmute,  Alaska 

Chalk  Bluff,  Ark 

Chalk  Level,  Mo 

Challis,  Idaho 

Challis,  Idaho 

Chalmers,  111 

Chalybeate,  Ky 

Chalybeate  Sp'gs,  Ark.. 

Chama,  N.M 

Chamberino,  N.M 

Chamberlain,  S.D 

Chamberlain,  S.D 

Chambers,  Ga 

Chambers,  Neb 

Chambers,  Tenn 

Chambersburg,  111 

Chambersburg,  N.C 

Chambersburg,  O 

Chambersburg,  0 

Chambersburg,  Pa 

Chamblissburg,  Va 

Cliamisal,  N.M 

Chamita,  N.M 

Chamois,  Mo 

Champaguolle,  Ark 

Cliampaign,  III 

Champaign,  III 

Champion,  Mich 

Champion,  Minn 

Champion,  Neb 

Champion,  N.Y 

Champion,  O 

Champlain,  N.Y 

Champlain,  N.Y 

Champlin,  Minn 

Champlin,  Minn 

Champoeg,  Ore 

Chanarambie,  Minn 

Ohanayville,  Tex 

Chauceford,  Pa 

Chancellor,  Va 

Chancey  Store,  Ga 

Chancy,  Iowa 

Chandler,  Ga 

Chandler,  Mich 

Chandler,  Mich 

Chandler,  Mich 

Chandlerville,  111 

Chandlerville,  111 

Chanhassen,  Minn 

Cbannahatchee,  Ala.... 

Channabon,  111 

Chanute,  Kan 

Chapel,  Md 

Chapel,  Mo 

Chapel,  Va 

Chapel  Hill,  Ga 

Chapel  Hill,  N.C 

Chapel  Hill,  N.C 

Chapelle,  S.D 

Chaperito,  N.M 

Chapin,  Mich 

Chapin,  Neb 

Chaplin,  Conn 

Chaplin,  Ky 

Chaplin,  Ky 

Chapman,  Kan 

Chapman,  Kan 

Chapman,  Kan 

Chapman,  Neb 

Chapman,  Neb 

Chapman,  Pa 

Chapman,  Pa 

Chapman,  Pa 

Chapmanville,  W.  Va... 

Chappaqua,  N.Y 

Chappell,  Neb 

Chaptico,  Md 

Chardon,  0 

Chardon,  O 

Chariton,  Iowa 

Chariton,  Iowa 

Chariton,  Iowa 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Charity,  Tenn 

Charlemont,  Mass 

Charlemont,  Va 

Charles  City,  Iowa 

Charles  City,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

Tillage 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

district 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

I)ost-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

borough 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Cuyahoga., 

Oconee 

Franklin... 


Clay -. 

Saint  Clair.... 

Caster 

Custer 

McDonough.. 

Wolfe 

Stone 

Rio  Arriba.... 
Donna  Ana... 

Brule 

Brule 

Catoosa 

Holt 

Scott 

Pike 

Iredell 

Gallia... 

Montgomery. 

Franklin 

Bedford 

Taos 

Bio  Arriba 


Calhoun , 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Marquette , 

Wilkin 

Chase , 

Jefferson 

Trumbull 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Marion 

Murray , 

Harris 

York 

Spottsylvania.. 

Houston 

Clinton 

Jackson 

Charlevoix 

Huron 

Manitou 

Cass 

Cass 

Carver 

Elmore 

Will 

Neosho 

Talbot 

Howell 

Clarke 

Douglas 

Orange 

Orange 

Hyde 

San  Miguel 

Saginaw 

Wayne 

Windham 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Clay 

Dickinson 

Ottawa 

Merrick 

Saunders 

Clinton 

Northampton. 

Snyder 

Logan 

Westchester.... 

Deuel 

Saint  Mary's. .. 

Geauga 

Geauga 

Appanoose 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Chariton 

Howard 

Macon 

Randolph 

Schuyler 

Moore 

Franklin 

Bedford 

Floyd 

Floyd 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,211 
718 


920 
861 


614 

1,139 

571 


627 


590 

737 

1,305 

202 

115 

6,877 

3,941 


562 

820 

5,909 

5,103 

1,482 


2,259 
866 
5,407 
1,509 
456 
246 
662 
131 


2,994 

1,982 

839 

623 

1,316 


549 
407 


681 
1,178 

980 
1,105 

887 
3,099 

247 
1,949 

589 
3,124 

831 


646 


627 

2,331 

140 

416 

114 

846 

443 

638 

938 

382 

1,126 

1,374 

330 


2,057 

1,702 

1,081 

836 

2,740 

2,977 

1,356 

4,006 

1,104 

1,964 

765 

913 

932 

3,657 


2,421 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Charleston,  Ark 

Charleston,  111 

Charlestou,  III 

Charleston,  Iowa 

Charleston  Kan 

Charleston,  4c.,  Ky.... 

Charleston,  Me 

Charleston,  Mich 

Charleston,  Minn 

Charleston,  Miss 

Charleston,  Mo 

Charleston,  N.Y 

Charlestou,  N.C 

Charleston,  Pa 

Charleston,  S.C 

Charleston,  Tenn 

Charleston,  Utah 

Charleston,  Vt 

Charleston,  W.  Va 

Charleston,  W.  Va 

Charlestown,  Ind 

Charlestown,  Ind 

Charlestown,  Md 

Charlestown,  N.H 

Charlestown,  0 

Charlestown,  Pa 

Charlestown,  K.I 

Charlestown,  W.  Va.... 
Charlestown,  W.  Va.... 

Charlestown,  Wis 

Charlevoix,  Mich 

Charlevoix,  Mich 

Charlie  Apopka,  Fla.... 

Charlotte,  111 

Charlotte,  Iowa 

Charlotte,  Me 

Charlotte,  Mich 

Charlotte,  Mo 

Charlotte,  N.Y 

Charlotte,  N.Y 

Charlotte,  N.C 

Charlotte,  N.C 

Charlotte,  Tenn , 

Charlotte,  Vt , 

Charlotte  Harbor,  Fla. 

Charlottesville,  Va 

Charlottesville,  Va 

Charlton,  Iowa 

Charlton,  Mass 

Charlton,  Mich 

Charlton,  N.Y 

Charrette,  Mo 

Charter  Oak,  Iowa 

Charter  Oak,  Iowa 

Chartiers,  Pa 

Chartiers,  Pa 

Chartiers,  Pa 

Chase,  Col 

Chase,  Kan 

Chase,  Mich 

Chase,  Mich 

Chase,  Neb 

Chase,  Neb 

Chase,  Wis 

Chase  City,  Va 

Chaseville,  Fla 

Chaska,  Minn.. 

Chaska,  Minn 

Chassell,  Mich 

Chataqua,  Cal 

Chateaugay,  N.Y 

Chateaugay,  N.Y 

Chatfield,  Minn 

Chatfleld,  Minn , 

Chatneld,  Minn 

Chatfield,  0 

Chatham,  Conn 

Chatham,  III 

Chatham,  111 

Chatham,  Ky 

Chatham,  Mass 

Chatham,  Minn 

Cliatham,  N.H 

Chatham,  N.J 

Chatham,  N.Y 

Chatham,  N.Y 

Chatham,  0 

Chatham,  Pa 

Chatham,  Va 

Chatham,  Va 

Chatsworth,  111 

Chatsworth,  111 

Chattahoochee,  Fla.... 

Chattahoochee,  Ga 

Chattanooga,  Col 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

city 


Franklin 

Coles 

Coles 

Lee 

Washington 

Hopkins 

Penobscot 

Kalamazoo 

Redwood 

Tallahatchie.... 

Mississippi  ...... 

Montgomery.... 

Swain 

Tioga 

Charleston 

Bradley 

Wasatch 

Orleans 

Kanawha 

Kanawha 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Cecil 

Sullivan 

Portage 

Chester 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Calumet 

Charlevoix 

Charlevoix 

DeSoto 

Livingston 

Clinton 

Washington 

Eaton 

Bates 

Chautauqua 

Monroe 

Mecklenburg... 
Mecklenburg... 

Dickson 

Chittenden 

DeSoto 

Albemarle 

Albemarle , 

Appanoose , 

Worcester 

Otsego 

Saratoga 

Warren 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Alleghany , 

Washington 

Arapahoe , 

Rice , 

Lake 

Lake 

Chase 

Keith 

Oconto 

Mecklenburg.... 

Duval 

Carver  

Carver 

Houghton.... 
Los  Angeles. 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Olmsted 

Crawford 

Middlesex.... 
Sangamon.... 
Sangamon.... 

Bracken 

Barnstable .. 

Wright 

Carroll 

Morris 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Medina 

Tioga 

Pittsylvania. 
Pittsylvania. 
Livingston  „ 
Livingston .. 

Gadsden 

Forsyth 

San  Juan 

Hamilton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


393 

4,295 

2,867 

1,036 

466 

1,575 

1,110 

1,193 

304 

368 

1,028 

1,334 

1,352 

2,193 

49,984 

359 

246 

1,204 

5,564 

4,192 

3,099 

1,103 

211 

1,587 

633 

902 

1,117 

3,828 

2,016 

1,354 

619 

512 


853 
294 
489 

2,910 
966 

1,667 

962 

10,547 

7,094 


1,342 


5,462 
2,676 

836 
1.900 

100 
1,474 

286 


3,346 
1,852 
2,188 


1,087 
273 


187 
1,068 


2,828 

680 

720 

1,166 

1,166 

1,266 

1,967 

1,377 

464 


2,250 

274 

421 

4,276 

4,574^ 

1,765 

1,006 

1,317 

6,463 

643 

1,869 

1,054 


1,142 
12)892 


370 

5,450 

4,135 

990 

652 

3,920 

971 

984 

546 

412 

1,381 

1,174 

2,669 

1,889 

54,956 

394 

601 

1,058 

10,222 

6,742 

2,773 

888 

228 

1,466 

688 

790 

915 

4,524 

2,287 

1,362 

2,618 

1,496 

270 

747 

231 

381 

3,867 

972 

1,441 

930 

15,304 

11,557 

427 

1,240 

182 

3,978 

5,591 

694 

1,847 

149 

1,176 

2,480 

1,214 

567 

7,808 

2,983 

1,941 

230 

358 

1,169 

388 

171 

83 

913 

618 

306 

366 

2,210 

680 

668 

2,966 

1,172 

647 

1,335 

1,336 

1,201 

1,949 

1,392 

482 

762 

1,954 

498 

329 

4,681 

4,019 

1,912 

987 

1,208 

7,394 

757 

1,578 

827 

383 

1,106 

51 

29,100 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Chattanooga  Valley,Ga. 
Chattooga,  S.C. 
Chaumont,  N.Y 
Chauncey,  Ga. 
Chautauqua,  N.Y, 
Chazy,  N.Y 
Chabanse,  111 
Chebanse,  111 
Cheboygan,  Mich 
Chechers,  Ga. 
Chechinamute,  Alaska 
Cheek  Creek,  N.C 
Cheektowaga,  N.Y, 
Cheever,  Kan, 
Chehalis,  Wash 
Chehalis,  Wash 
Chelmsford,  Mass, 
Chelsea,  Iowa, 
Chelsea,  Kan 
Chelsea,  Me 
Chelsea,  Mass, 
Chelsea,  Mich 

Chelsea,  Neb 

Chelsea,  Vt 

Chelsea,  Wis 

Cheltenham,  Pa 

Chemung,  111 

Chemung,  N.Y 

Chenang,  N.Y 

Cheney,  Kan 

Cheyney,  Wash 

Cheney  Grove,  111 

Cheneyville,  La... 

Chengwatana,  Minn.... 

Chenoa,  111 

Chenoa,  111 

Chepultepec,  Ala 

Chequest,  Iowa 

Cheraw,  S.C 

Cheraw,  S.0 

Chernovsky,  Alaska 

Cherokee,  Ala 

Cherokee,  Ark 

Cherokee,  Iowa 

Cherokee,  Iowa 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  S.C 

Cherokee,  S.C 

Cherry,  Kan 

Cherry,  Pa 

Cherry,  Pa 

Cherry,  S.D 

Cherry  Creek,  Idaho.... 

Cherry  Creek,  Kan 

Cherry  Creek,  Neb 

Cherry  Creek,  N.Y 

Cherry  Creek,  N.Y 

Cherryfield,  Me 

Cherry  Grove,  111 

Cherry  Grove,  Mich 

Cherry  Grove,  Minn.... 

Cherry  Grove,  Pa. 

Cherry  Hill,  Ky 

Cherry  Hill,  Pa. 

Cherry  Lake,  Fla 

Cherry  Lane,  N.C 

Cherry  Log,  Ga 

Cherry  Ridge,  Pa 

Cherry  Tree,  Pa. 

Cherry  Tree,  Pa 

Cherry  Vale,  Kan 

Cherry  Valley,  111 

Cherry  Valley,  Mich... 

Cherry  Valley,  Mo 

Cherry  Valley,  N.M 

Cherry  Valley,  N.Y 

Cherry  Valley,  N.Y 

Cherry  Valley,  0 

Cherry ville,  N.M 

Cherryville,  N.C 

Cherryville,  Ore 

Chesaning,  Mich 

Chesaning,  Mich 

Chesapeake,  Va. 

Chesapeake,  Va 

Chesapeake  City,  Md... 
Chesapeake  City,  Md... 

Chesher,  Ky 

Cheshire,  Conn 

Cheshire,  Mass 

Cheshire,  Mich 

Cheshire,  O 

Cheshire,  Ore 

Chest,  Pa. 


Rank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

I)ost-vill 

post-town 

township 

post- ward 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

borough 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

poBt-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Walker 

Oconee 

Jefferson 

Dodge 

Chautauqua., 

Clinton 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Cheboygan..., 
Rabun , 


Montgomery.., 

Erie , 

Dickinson 

Lewis , 

Lewis 

Middlesex... „., 

Tama 

Butler 

Kennebec 

Suffolk 

Washtenaw.... 

Fillmore , 

Orange 

Taylor 

Montgomery.. 

McHenry , 

Chemung 

Broome 

Sedgwick 

Spokane 

McLean 

Rapides 

Pine 

McLean 

McLean 

Blount 

Van  Buren.... 
Chesterfield... 
Chesterfield... 


Colbert 

Benton 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Montgomery.... 

Spartanburg 

York 

Montgomery..., 

Butler 

Sullivan 

Jerauld , 

Oneida 

Cheyenne 

Buffalo 

Chautauqua 

Chautauqua 

Washington 

Carroll 

Wexford , 

Goodhue , 

Warren 

Trigg 

Indiana , 

Madison , 

Alleghany , 

Gilmer 

Wayne , 

Indiana 

Venango 

Montgomery... 

Winnebago 

Lake 

Carroll 

Mora. , 

Otsego , 


Ashtabula... 

Socorro 

Gaston 

Clackamas.., 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Elizabeth  City.. 

Mathews 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Anderson.... 
New  Haven, 
Berkshire..., 

Allegan 

Gallia 

Lane 

Cambria..... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


687 

718 
479 


3,676 
3,147 
2,561 

728 
2,269 

608 


2,327 
679 


2,563 

263 

340 

1,537 

21,782 

1,160 

577 

1,462 

298 

3,236 

2,690 

2,098 

1,590 


1,826 

4,131 

115 

2,036 
1,063 


982 

3,561 

918 


761 


1,940 

1,523 

996 

556 

837 

2,906 

2,441 

1,670 

1,161 

2,172 


1,354 
448 

1,793 

1,101 
275 

1,086 
158 
756 

2,243 

1,305 
627 
430 
881 
380 

1,618 
690 

1,271 
119 


2,260 
856 


2,366 


2,059 
889 
5,070 
2,384 
3,080 
1,402 
2,192 
2,284 
1,637 
1,404 
2,030 


627 


685 

711 

623 

633 

3,269 

2,867 

2,282 

616 

6,235 

566 

84 

824 

2,974 

733 

1,818 

1,309 

2,695 

318 

658 

2,356 

27,909 

1,356 

786 

1,230 

613 

4,746 

3,057 

1,610 

1,448 

304 

647 

1,849 

4,272 

93 

2,004 

1,226 

1,479 

815 

3,923 

976  ■ 

78 

1,811 

385 

3,936 

3,441 

1,963 

1,087 

736 

3,652 

3,364 

940 

1,433 

2,367 

151 

236 

251 

374 

1,481 

676 

1,787 

988 

216 

901 

383 

781 

1,967 

1,296 

688 

521 

673 

324 

1,246 

2,104 

1,106 

301 

467 

194 

1,803 

685 

677 

36 

2,466 

103 

2,361 

1,06« 

9,815 

2,162 

2,436 

1,166 

2,165 

1,929 

1,308 

1,457 

1,824 

211 

606 


77 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Chest,  Pa 

Chestatee,  Ga 

Chestatee,  Ga 

Chester,  Ark.. , 

Checfter,  Ark , 

Chester,  Ark 

Chester,  Ark , 

Chester,  Conn 

Chester,  111 

Chester,  111 

Chester,  111 

Chester,  Ind 

Chester,  Ind , 

Chester,  Iowa 

Chester,  Iowa 

Chester,  Ky 

Chester,  Me 

Chester,  Mass 

Chester,  Mich , 

Chester,  Mich 

Chester,  Mich 

Chester,  Minn 

Chester,  Neb 

Chester,  Neb 

Chester,  Neb 

Chester,  Neb 

Chester,  N.H 

Chester,  N.J 

Chester,  N.J 

Chester,  N.Y 

Chester,  N.Y 

Chester,  N.D 

Chester,  0 

Chester,  0 

Chester,  0 

Chester,  0 

Chester,  0 

Chester,  Pa 

Chester,  Pa 

Chester,  S.C 

Chester,  S.C 

Chester,  S.D 

Chester,  Utah 

Chester,  Vt 

Chester,  Wis 

Chesterfield,  Idaho.. 

Chesterfield,  111 

Chesterfield,  111 

Chesterfield,  Mass.... 
Chesterfield,  Mich... 

Chesterfield,  N.H 

Chesterfield,  N.J 

Chesterfield,  N.Y 

Chesterfield,  0 

Chester  Hill,  Pa 

Chesterton,  Ind 

Chestertown,  Md 

Chestertown,  Md 

Chesterville,  Me 

Chesterville,  0 

Chestnut,  111 

Chestnut  Bluff,  Tenn... 
Chestnut  Flat,  Ga.... 
Chestnut  Hill,  N.C.. 
Chestnut  Hill,  Pa.... 
Chestnut  Log,  Ga.... 

Chestonia,  Mich 

Chest  Springs,  Pa... 

Chesuncook,  Me 

Chetco,  Ore 

Chetek,  Wis 

Chetek,  Wis 

Chetopa,  Kan 

Chetopa,  Kan 

Chetopii,  Kan 

Chewancan,  Ore 

Chewsville,  Md 

Cheyenne,  Kan 

Cheyenne,  Kan 

Cheyenne,  N.D 

Cheyenne,  Wyo 

Cheyenne    Falls    Mill, 

N.D 

Chicago,  111 

Chicago,  Ky 

Chicago,  Neb 

Chicago  Junction,  0.... 

Chican,  Alaska 

Chicaskia,  Kan 

Chicaskia,  Kan 

Chicaskia,  Kan 

Chichester,  N.H 

Chickalah,  Ark 

Chickabominy,  Va 

Chickamacomico      and 

Kennekeet,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

borough 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

district 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

village 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 


County. 


Clearfield 

Forsyth 

Lumpkin 

Arkansas 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Middlesex 

Logan , 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Wabash 

Wells 

Howard 

Poweshiek 

Mason 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Eaton 

Otsego 

Ottawa 

Wabasha 

Brown 

Saunders 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Rockingham 
Burlington  ... 

Morris 

Orange 

Warren 

Grand  Forks.. 

Clinton 

Geauga 

Meiga 

Morrow 

Wayne 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Chester 

Chester 

Lake 

San  Pete 

Windsor 

Dodge 

Bingham 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Hampshire.... 

Macomb 

Cheshire 

Burlington.... 

Essex 

Fulton 

Clearfield 

Porter 

Kent 

Kent 

Franklin 

Morrow 

Knox 

Crockett 

Walker 

Ashe 

Monroe 

Douglas 

Antrim 

Cambria 

Piscataquis ... 

Curry 

Barron 

Barron 

Labette 

Neosho 

Wilson 

Lake 

Washington.. 

Barton 

Lane 

Richland 

Laramie 


Barnes... 

Cook 

Marion.. 
Douglas.. 
Huron..... 


Harper 

Kingman 

Sumner 

Merrimack... 

Yell 

Charles  City. 

Dare 


Population. 


1880.   1890. 


1,098 

1,604 

422 

226 


554 
1,177 

872 
4,551 
2,580 
4,466 
1,668 

623 

624 


362 
1,473 
1,495 


1,703 
1,067 


501 
310 


1,136 
2,855 
2,337 
2,229 
2,247 


1,443 
748 

1,752 
975 

2,105 

582 

14,997 

5,964 

1,899 


188 

1,901 

750 


1,355 
195 
769 
2,349 
1,173 
1,525 
2,752 
1,011 


488 

4,126 

2,359 

955 

266 

1,087 

1,079 

513 

1,815 

1,513 

659 

248 

305 

82 

236 

1,286 


1,306 

1,203 

793 

179 
973 
586 


503,185 


656 
662 


597 


364 

784 

240 

1,464 

631 


1,314 

1,291 

468 

595 

724 

222 

561 

1,301 

854 

4,344 

2,708 

5,438 

1,937 

487 

579 

1,300 

368 

1,295 

1,420 

177 

1,554 

973 

42 

801 

1,027 

407 

958 

3,768 

1,625 

2,112 

2,173 

384 

1,246 

620 

1,604 

877 

1,837 

578 

20,226 

6,955 

2,703 

329 

259 

1,787 

736 

361 

1,498 

374 

608 

2,121 

1,046 

1,253 

2,548 

997 

563 

931 

4,227 

2,632 

770 

268 

919 

1,031 

560 

1,162 

1,469 

591 

537 

255 

66 

215 

1,728 

406 

2,265 

1,499 

817 

363 

917 

663 

267 

241 

11,690 

320 
1,099,850 
903 
1,075 
1,299 
38 
453 
516 
464 
661 
247 
1,250 

793 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Chickaming,  Mich 

Chickasaw,  Ala 

Chickasaw,  Iowa 

Chickasawba,  Ark 

Chickasaw  Hatchee.Ga. 

Chick's  Springs,  S.C 

Chico,  Cal 

Chico,  Cal 

Chico,  Mont 

Chico,  Tex 

Chicoa,  N.C 

Chicopee,  Kan 

Chicopee,  Mass 

Chico  Springs,  N.M 

Chicota,  Tex 

Chignik  Bay,  Alaska... 

Chihuahua,  Col 

Childersburg,  Ala 

Childersburg,  Ala 

Childersville,  Ala 

Chilhowee,  Mo 

Chili,  111 

Chili,  N.Y 

Chilili,  N.M 

Chilill,  N.M 

Chilkaht  Lake,  Alaska 

Chilkat,  Alaska 

Chilkoot,  Alaska 

Cliillatchie,  Ala 

Chillicothe,  111 

Chillicothe,  111 

Chillicothe,  Iowa 

Chillicothe,  Mo 

Chillicothe,  Mo 

Chillicothe,  0 

Chillisquaque,  Pa 

Chilmark,  Mass 

Chilton,  Wis 

Chilton,  Wis 

Chimacum,  Wash 

Chimayo,  N.M 

Chimayo,  N.M 

Chimingyangamute, 

Alaska 

Chimney  Rock,  N.C 

Chimney  Rock,  Ore 

Chimney  Rock,  Wis 

China,  111 

China,  Me 

China,  Mich 

China  Grove,  Ala 

China  Grove,  N.C 

China  Grove,  N.C 

Chincoteague,  Va 

Chinnabee,  Ala 

Chino,  Cal 

Chinquapin,  N.C 

Chinquapin,  S.C 

Chinquapin,  S.C 

Chipco,  Fla 

Chipeta,  Ac,  Col 

Chipley,  Fla 

Chipley,  Fla 

Chippewa,  Mich 

Chippewa,  Mich 

Chippewa,  O 

Chippewa,  Pa 

Chippewa  Falls,  Minn.. 
Chippewa  Falls,  Wis.... 

Chireno,  Tex 

Chisago  Lake,  Minn. ... 

Chittenango,  N.Y 

Chittenden,  Vt 

Chitwood,  Tenn 

Chivington,  Col 

Chivington,  Col 

ChloHde,  N.M 

Choccolocco,  Ala 

Chocolay,  Mich 

Choconut,  Pa 

Chocowinity,  N.C 

Choctaw,  Ark 

Choctaw,  Ark 

Choctaw  Corner,  Ala.... 

Choestoe,  Ga 

Chokee,  Ga 

Chokfoktoleghaga- 

mnte,  Alaska 

Cholame,  Cal 

Cholame,  Cal 

Chollas,Cal 

Chouteau,  111 

Chrisman,  111 

Christangamute,  Alas... 

Christ  Church,  S.C 

Christian,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

pr«cinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

island 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

township 


County. 


Berrien 

Colbert 

Chickasaw.. 
Mississippi.. 

Terrell 

Greenville.. 

Butte 

Butte 

Park 

Wise 

Pitt 

Crawford..,. 
Hampden... 

Colfax 

Lamar 


Summit 

Talladega.. 
Talladega.. 

Coffee 

Johnson.... 
Hancock.... 

Monroe 

Bernalillo.. 
Santa  ¥6... 


Dallas 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Wapello 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Ross 

Northumberl'd 

Dukes 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Jefferson 

Rio  Arriba. 

Santa  F6 


Rutherford... 

Jackson 

Trempealeau 

Lee 

Kennebec 

Saint  Clair..., 

Pike 

Rowan 

Rowan 

Accomack 

Talladega 

San  Bernardino 

Duplin 

Aiken 

Lexington.... 

Pasco 

Pitkin 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Isabella 

Mecosta 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Pope 

Chippewa 

Nacogdoches 

Chisago 

Madison 

Rutland 

Scott 

Kiowa 

Kiowa 

Sierra 

Calhoun 

Marquette 

Susquehanna 

Beaufort 

Lincoln 

Van  Buren... 

Clarke 

Union 

Lee 


Monterey 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Diego.... 

Madison 

Edgar 


Berkeley 

Independence.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


996 
1,794 
1,289 

864 

2,247 
5,239 
3,300 


292 
2,523 


11,286 


1,243 


198 
1,715 
1,418 
2,274 


669 
1,357 

936 

234 

5,860 

4,078 

10,938 

1,737 

494 
1,361 
1,132 


1,336 
187 


1,411 
1,769 
1,628 
1,044 


26 


1,663 


487 
1,208 


487 
445 

3,527 
908 
273 

3,982 


1,362 
954 

1,092 
875, 


974 

537 

2,460 

952 


1,672 

785 

1,945 


1,094 
541 


5,153 
1,891 


78 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Christiana,  Del 

Christiana,  Del 

Christiana,  Minn 

Christiana,  Wis 

Christiana,  Wis 

Christiansburg,  Ky 

Christiansburg,  Va 

Christiansville,  Va 

Christie  Creek,  Ky 

Christy,  111 

Chuckatuck,  Va 

Chuckey  Bottom,  Tenn. 
Chuckey  Knobbs,  Tenn 

Chulafinnee,  Ala 

Chula  Vista,  Cal 

Chuligmute,  Alaska 

Ohuligmute,  Upper, 

Alaska 

Chulio,  Ga 

Chuucliula,  Ala 

Church,  W.Va 

Church  Creek,  Md 

Church  Creek,  Md 

Churchill.  Ala 

Church  Hill,  Ala 

Church  Hill,  Md 

Church  Hill,  Md 

Churchill,  Mich 

Churchville,  N.Y 

Church ville.  Pa 

Church  wood,  Va 

Churdan,  Iowa 

Churubusco,  Ind 

Cicero,  111 

Cicero,  Ind 

Cicero,  Ind 

Cicero,  N.Y 

Cicero,  Wis 

Cienega,  N.M 

Ciguela,  N.M 

Cimarron,  Col 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  N.M 

Cimilorio,  N.M 

Cincinnati,  Ark 

Cincinnati,  III 

Cincinnati,  111 

Cincinnati,  Iowa 

Cincinnati,  Iowa 

Cincinnati,  0 

Cincinnatus,  N.Y 

Cinesero,  Col 

Cinnaminson,  N.J 

Cinque  Homme,  Mo 

Circleville,  Kan 

Circleville,  O 

Circleville,  0 

Circleville,  Utah 

Circleville,  W.  Va 

Cisco,  Tex 

Citra,  Fla 

Citronelle,  Ala 

City,  Ga 

City  Island,  N.Y 

City  Point,  Va 

Civil  Bend,  Ore 

Civil  Bend,  S.D 

Clackamas,  Ore 

Claiborne,  Ala 

Claiborne,  Ark 

Claiborne,  0 

Clam  Falls,  Wis 

Clam  Lake,  Mich 

Clam  Union,  Mich 

Clancey,  Mont 

Clanton,  Ala 

Clanton,  Ala 

Claquato,  Wash 

Clara,  Pa 

Clare,  Mich 

Clare,  N.Y 

Clare,  S.D 

Claremont,  Cal 

Claremont,  Col 

Claremont,  111 

Claremont,  III 

Claremont,  Minn , 

Claremont,  N.H 

Claremont,  S.D 

Claremont,  S.D 

Clarence,  Iowa 

Clarence,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


hundred 

po8t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 


County. 


New  Castle 

New  Castle 

Jackson 

Dane 

Vernon 

Shelby 

Montgomery.., 
Mecklenburg.. 

Rowan 

Lawrence 

Nansemond 

Cocke 

Cocke 

Cleburne 

San  Diego 


Floyd 

Mobile 

Wetzel. 

Dorchester... 
Dorchester... 

Lowndes 

Tallapoosa... 
Queen  Anne's... 
Queen  Anne's... 

Ogemaw 

Monroe 

Dauphin 

Pulaski 

Greene 

Whitley 

Cook 

Hamilton , 

Tipton 

Onondaga 

Outagamie 

Valencia 

Mora 

Montrose , 

Clark , 

Gray 

Meade , 

Morton , 

Seward 

Colfax , 

Colfax ... 

Washington 

Pike 

Tazewell 

Appanoose , 

Harrison , 

Hamilton 

Cortland 

Conejos 

Burlington , 

Perry 

Jackson 

Pickaway 

Pickaway „ 

Pi  Ute 

Pendleton 

Eastland 

Marion 

Mobile 

Morgan 

Westchester...., 
Prince  George. 

Douglas , 

Union , 

Clackamas 

Monroe 

Izard , 

Union 

Polk , 

Wexford , 

Missaukee 

Jefferson 

Chilton 

Chilton 

Lewis 

Potter , 

Clare , 

Saint  Lawrence 

Moody 

Alameda 

Kit  Carsoa... 

Richland 

Richland  ..., 

Dodge 

Sullivan 

Brown 

Brown 

Cedar 

Barton 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


6,140 

390 

435 

1,869 

1,305 

2,011 

4,772 

2,768 

861 

2,069 

3,848 


1,851 
1,349 


2,219 
214 

2,511 

1,307 
331 

1,032 
714 

4,028 
230 
146 
613 
238 


720 
5,182 

715 
4,078 
2,934 

777 


200 


871 

189 

661 

255,139 

1,093 


2,184 
1,449 

122 
6,541 
6,046 

416 
1,313 


1,081 
2,956 


484 


2,552 


2,558 
115 
620 
402 


2,407 


238 
602 


1,731 
163 
682 

4,704 


607 
489 


6,144 

318 

588 

2,379 

1,521 

3,328 

5,215 

3,419 

1,363 

2,063 

3,700 

917 

1,080 

1,465 

289 

32 

30 

2,286 

268 

2,240 

1,131 

396 

1,034 

720 

2,452 

596 

318 

493 

603 

346 

377 

869 

10,204 

631 

6,010 

2,636 

952 

331 

282 

160 

77 

446 

184 

116 

63 

335 

142 

138 

345 

758 

432 

664 

296,908 

956 

263 

3,966 

1,573 

215 

7,104 

6,556 

458 

1,370 

1,063 

387 

1,228 

3,091 

1,206 

409 

352 

608 

608 

2,802 

531 

2,903 

203 

881 

678 

134 

3,018 

623 

716 

290 

1,174 

281 

331 

272 

166 

1,652 

212 

704 

6,666 

667 

121 

629 

395 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Clarence,  Mich , 

Clarence,  Mo , 

aarence,  N.Y 

Clarendon,  Ark , 

Clarendon,  Mich.... 

Clarendon,  N.Y 

Clarendon,  Pa , 

Clarendon,  Tex 

Clarendon,  Vt 

Claridon,  O 

Claridon,  0 

Clarinda,  Iowa 

Clarington,  0 

Clarion,  111 

Clarion,  Iowa 

Clarion,  Iowa 

Clarion,  Pa 

Clarion,  Pa 

Clark,  Ala 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ind 

Clark,  Ind 

Clark,  Ind 

Clark,  Iowa 

Clark,  Kan 

Clark,  Minn 

Clark,  Mo 

Clark,  Mo 

Clark,  Mo 

Clark,  Mo 

aark.  Mo 

Clark,  Neb , 

Clark,  N.J 

Clark,  S.D 

Clark,  W.  Va 

Clark  City,  N.  D  ... 
Clark  Creek,  Kan.. 

Clarke,  Mo 

Clarke,  0 

Clarke,  0 

Clarke,  0 

Clarkesville,  Ala... 

Clarkesville,  Ga 

Clarkesville,  Ga 

Clarkesville,  Pa 

Clarkfleld,  Minn  .., 
Clark  River,  Ky.... 
Clarksburg,  Cal..... 

Clarksburg,  Md 

Clarksburg,  Ma^... 

Clarksburg,  0 

Clarksburg,  Tenn... 
Clarksburg,  W.  Va. 
Clarksdale,  Miss..... 

Clarksdale,  Mo 

Clarksfield,  0 

Clark's  Fork,  Mo... 

Clarkson,  Neb 

Clarkson,  N.Y 

Clarkston,  Ga 

Clarkston,  Ga 

Clarkston,  Mich.... 

Clarkston,  Utah 

Clarkstown,  N.Y... 
Clarksville,  Ark.... 

Clarksville,  Ind 

Clarksville,  Iowa.... 

Clarksville,  Mo , 

Clarksville,  Neb 

Clarksville,  N.H... 
Clarksville,  N.Y...., 
Clarksville,  N.C...., 

Clarksville,  0 

Clarksville,  Tenn... 
Clarksville,  Tex.... 

Clarksville,  Tex 

aarksville,  Va , 

Clarksville,  Va. 

Clarno,  S.D 

Clarno,  Wis 

Clatonia,  Neb 

Clatskanie,  Ore 

Clatskanie,  Ore 

Clatsop,  Ore 

Claud  Cove,  Ala 

Claude,  Tex , 

Claverack,  N.Y 

Clay,  Ark 

Clay,  Ark , 

Cla3',  Ark , 

Clay,  Ark 

Clay,  Ga 

Clay,  Ind 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post' town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

borough 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill. 

city 

post-town 

village 

.-dist 

•vill 


mag. 


post' .... 
township 


•twp 


township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 


post- 
post-i 


vill 
■town 


township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
mil.-dist 
township 


County. 


Caltaonn 

Shelby 

Erie 

Monroe 

Calhoun 

Orleans 

Warren 

Donley 

Rutland 

Geauga 

Marion 

Page 

Monroe 

Bureau 

Wright 

Wright 

Clarion 

Clarion 

Marion 

Greene 

Logan 

Pike 

Pope 

Johnson 

Montgomery.. 

Perry 

Tama 

Marion 

Faribault 

Atchison 

Chariton 

Cole 

Randolph 

Wright 

Dixon 

Union 

Clark 

Harrison 

Barnes 

Morris 

Lincoln 

Brown 

Clinton 

Coshocton 

Clarke 

Habersham..., 
Habersham.... 

Mercer 

Yellow  Med.., 
McCracken.... 

Yolo 

Montgomery.. 

Berkshire 

Ross 

Carroll 

Harrison 

Coahoma 

De  Kalb 

Huron 

Cooper 

Colfax 

Monroe 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Oakland 

Cache 

Rockland 

Johnson 

Clarke 

Butler 

Pike 

Merrick 

Coos 

Alleghany 

Davie 

Clinton 

Montgomery- 
Red  River 

Travis 

Mecklenburg... 
Mecklenburg... 

Lake 

Green 

Gage , 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Clatsop 

Madison 

Armstrong 

Columbia. 

Bradley 

Columbian 

Howard 

White 

Washington 

Bartholomew... 

79 


PopnlatioD. 


1880.   1890, 


1,178 
670 

3,496 
400 

1,263 

1,797 


1,105 

808 

1,771 

2,011 

915 

851 

463 

147 

1,446 

1,169 


744 
860 
1,056 
1,008 
1,486 
2,401 
2,096 
1,109 


248 
2,037 
1,136 
1,646 


466 


353 

25 

2,661 


447 

1,904 

1,761 

2,006 

1,041 

573 

933 

291 

264 


949 
537 

3,662 
724 
308 
101 

2,307 


1,042 
1,406 


2,100 


33 
368 
464 

4,378 
666 

1,037 
818 

1,493 
873 
328 
862 

1,102 
367 

3,880 


4,056 
682 


1,422 
696 
146 


421 


4,347 
882 
920 
609 
842 
942 
794 


1,129 

1,078 

3,195 

1,060 

1,167 

1,731 

1,297 

949 

928 

785 

1,717 

3,262 

762 

792 

1,071 

744 

1,183 

2,164 

498 

2,574 

1,116 

1,074 

1,160 

1,295 

2,273 

2,432 

1,338 

482 

405 

2,273 

1,225 

1,740 

194 

812 

237 

367 

592 

2,966 

98 

467 

2,078 

1,679 

1,864 

1,057 

621 

1,287 

396 

?360 

178 

1,354 

563 

1,812 

884 

378 

226 

3,008 

781 

145 

1,143 

1,420 

147 

1,741 

794 

271 

387 

440 

5,216 

937 

1,692 

735 

1,186 

1,410 

325 

891 

1,127 

339 

7,924 

1,588 

446 

4,517 

656 

264 

1,319 

798 

624 

212 

623 

308 

285 

4,618 

1,008 

928 

488 

634 

866 

791 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Ind township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa post-twp 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Iowa township 

Clay,  Kan township 

Clay,  Kan township 

Clay,  Ky mag.-dist 

Clay,  Ky village 

Clay,  Ky mag.-dist 

Clay,  Ky post-Till 

Clay,  Mich township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Mo township 

Clay,  Neb precinct 

Clay,  Neb township 

Clay,  N.Y post-town 

Clay,  N.C township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  0 township 

Clay,  Pa township 

Clay,  Pa township 

Clay,  Pa post-twp 

Clay,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  \V.  Va mag.-dist 

Clay,  W.  ya^_-. i  mag.-dist 

""  -    --.  -  post-twp 

post-twp 
post-vill 
township 
city 

post-twp 
post-vill 
post-town 
precinct 
village 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
precinct 
post-vill 


Bank  of 
place. 


Clay  Bank,  Mich. 
Clay  Banks,  Wis... 
Clay  Center,  Neb.. 
Clay  Centre,  Kan.. 
Clay  Centre,  Kan.. 

Clay  City,  III 

Clay  City,  Ind 

Claymont,  Del 

Claysville,  .\la 

Claysville,  Kan 

Claysville,  Ky 

Claysville,  Ky 

Claysville,  Pa 

Clayton,  Ala 

Clayton,  Ala 

Clayton,  Ark 

Clayton,  Ark 

Clayton,  Del 

Clayton,  Ga 

Clayton,  Ga 

Clayton,  Idaho 

Clayton,  Idaho 

80 


County. 


Carroll. 


Dearborn 

Decatur 

Hamilton 

Hendricks.... 

Howard 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pike 

Saint  Joseph. 

Spencer 

Wayne 

Clay 

Grundy 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Jones 

Marion , 

Polk 

Shelby 

Washington.. 

Wayne , 

Webster 

Butler 

Beno , 

Logan , 

Powell 

Webster 

Webster 

Saint  Clair.... 

Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Clark 

Douglas 

Dunklin 

Greene 

Harrison 

Holt 

Lafayette 

Linn 

Monroe , 

Balls 

Saline 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Pawnee 

Sherman 

Onondaga 

Guilford 

Auglaize 

Gallia  

Highland 

Knox 

Montgomery.. 
Muskingum.., 

Ottawa 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas.... 

Butler 

Huntingdon.. 

Lancaster 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Marshall 

Monongalia... 

Bitchie 

Wetzel 

Wirt 

Wood 

Oceana 

Door , 

Clay , 

Clay 

Clay , 

Clay 

Clay , 

New  Castle.... 

Marshall 

Bourbon , 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Washington.. 

Barbour , 

Barbour 

Cleburne 

Desha 

Kent 

Cherokee 

Kabun 

Custer 

Custer 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,001 

833 

1,479 

1,973 

1,533 

1,965 

1,340 

1,153 

9,408 

1,098 

1,363 

1,219 

946 

1,460 

1,855 

1,063 

342 

958 

1,373 

557 

781 

2,593 

1,065 

850 

672 

803 

345 

410 

441 

3,404 


2,458 

248 
1,523 
1,832 
1,193 
2,181 
1,202 

525 
1,760 

852 
1,074 
1,399 
3,461 
1,432 
1,555 
1,700 
2,242 
1,761 
1,062 

658 


2,910 
1,011 
1,346 
1,507 
1,449 

926 
3,063 

887 
3,616 
1,148 
1,293 
1,036 

891 
1,501 
1,878 
1,736 
1,608 
2,522 
3,911 


798 

1,713 

649 

653 

68 

2,852 

l,7.'i3 

1,460 

419 

30 

755 

466 

1,308 

134 

323 

4,306 

761 


148 
916 
618 


1,102 

838 

1,413 

1,681 

1,382 

1,763 

1,466 

1,366 

1,.S06 

1,136 

1,409 

1,159 

1,178 

1,133 

1,644 

894 

627 

1,121 

1,106 

706 

696 

1,125 

925 

1,080 

581 

691 

619 

370 

568 

3,212 

1,065 

3,166 

323 

1,681 

2,019 

1,114 

2,176 

1,178 

778 

2,130 

1,239 

1,115 

1,561 

3,192 

1,340 

1,523 

1,698 

2,072 

2,451 

1,812 

715 

270 

2,630 

1,031 

1,430 

1,409 

1,303 

980 

3,095 

1,021 

2,151 

1,102 

1,346 

1,076 

904 

1,558 

3,240 

2,026 

1,702 

2,827 

4,295 

1,366 

950 

1,868 

798 

609 

390 

1,191 

2,802 

1,505 

1,004 

228 

656 

433 

1,013 

95 

1,041 

4,075 

997 

477 

713 

540 

879 

631 

411 

252 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Clayton,  111 

Clayton,  111 

Clayton,  HI 

Clayton,  Iowa 

Clayton,  Iowa 

Clayton,  Ky 

Clayton,  Mich 

Clayton,  Mich 

Clayton,  Minn 

Clayton,  Mo 

Clayton,  Mo 

Clayton,  N.J 

Clayton,  N.J 

Clayton,  N.M 

Clayton,  N.Y 

Clayton,  N.Y 

Clayton,  N.C 

Clayton,  N.C 

Clayton,  0 

Clayton,  Wis 

Clayton,  Wis 

Clayton,  Wis 

Clay  Village,  Ky.... 

Clayville,  N.Y 

Clayville,  Pa 

Clear  Creek,  Ala.... 
Clear  Creek,  Ala.... 
Clear  Creek,  Ark.... 
Clear  Creek,  Ark...., 
Clear  Creek,  Ark.... 
Clear  Creek,  Idaho. 

Clear  Creek,  111 

Clear  Creek,  Ind  ... 
Clear  Creek,  Ind.... 
Clear  Creek,  Iowa. . 
Clear  Creek,  Iowa. . 
Clear  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Clear  Creek,  Kan... 
Clear  Creek,  Kan... 
Clear  Creek,  Kan.... 
Clear  Creek,  Kan.... 

Clear  Creek,  Ky 

Clear  Creek,  Mo 

Clear  Creek,  Mo 

Clear  Creek,  Neb.... 
Clear  Creek,  Neb.... 
Clear  Creek,  Neb.... 
Clear  Creek,  Neb..., 
Clear  Creek,  Neb.... 
Clear  Creek,  N.C... 
Clear  Creek,  N.C... 

Clear  Creek,  O 

Clear  Creek,  O 

Clear  Creek,  O 

Clear  Creek,  Wis  .... 

Clearfield,  Iowa 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Clearfield,  Wis , 

Clear  Fork,  Kan 

Clear  Fork,  Va 

Clear  Fork,  W.  Va... 
Clear  Fork,  W.Va... 

Clear  Lake,  Ark 

Clear  Lake,  111 

Clear  Lake,  Ind 

Clear  Lake,  Iowa.... 
Clear  Lake,  Iowa.... 

Clear  Lake,  Iowa 

Clear  Lake,  Minn... 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  Wis 

Clearmont,  Mo 

Clear  Spring,  Md.... 
Clear  .Springs,  Ind.. 
Clear  Water,  Kan... 
Clear  Water,  Mich.. 
Clear  Water,  Minn. 
Clear  Water,  Minn., 

Clearwater,  Neb 

Clearwater,  Neb 

Clearwater,  Neb 

Clearwater,  S.D 

Cleburne,  Ark 

Cleburne,  Tex 

Cle-Elum,  Wash 

Clement,  III 

Clement,  Mich 

Clements,  Cal 

Clenimonsville,  N.C, 
Clemmonsville,  N.C, 
Clendennin,  W.Va., 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
post-vill 
township 
poet-twp 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
village 
township 
post-boro' 
post-prect 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
borough 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
township 
-  it-vill 
t-nship 
"twp 


County. 


post 
towi 

post' . ..  r 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

township 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


Adams 

Adams 

Woodford 

Clayton 

Taylor 

Lawrence 

Arenac 

Genesee 

Mower 

St.  Louis 

Vernon 

Gloucester 

Gloucester 

Colfax 

Jefierson 

Jefierson 

Johnston 

Johnston 

Perry 

Craw^ford 

Polk 

Winnebago 

Shelby 

Oneida 

Jefferson 

Etowah 

Fayette 

Drew 

Hot  Spring 

Sevier 

Cassia. 

Alexander 

Huntington.... 

Monroe 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Keokuk 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie.. 

Statford 

Floyd 

Cooper 

Vernon 

Greeley 

Pawnee 

Polk 

Saunders 

Wheeler 

Henderson 

Mecklenburg.. 

Ashland 

Fairfield 

Warren 

Eau  Claire 

Taylor 

Butler 

Cambria 

Clearfield 

Juneau 

Marshall 

Tazewell 

Baleigh 

Wyoming 

Mississippi 

Sangamon 

Steuben 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cerro  Gordo.... 

Hamilton 

Sherburne 

Deuel 

Deuel 

Edmunds 

Minnehaha 

Polk 

Nodaway 

Washington.... 

La  Grange 

Sedgwick 

Kalkaska 

Wright 

Wright 

Antelope 

Antelope 

Wheeler 

Miner 

Monroe 

Johnson 

Kittitass 

Clinton 

Gladwin 

San  Joaquin.... 

Davidson 

Forsyth 

Mason 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,951 
941 

1,261 
960 
717 
658 
249 

1,473 
390 


84 
1,981 
1,433 


4,214 

1,621 

2,645 

352 

1,164 

1,976 

546 

1,270 

1,181 

847 

248 

828 

440 

1,108 

285 

1,044 


488 

1,314 

1,434 

1,194 

642 

1,059 

671 

490 

667 

309 

488 

1,324 

650 


402 
723 


482 
1,350 
1,154 
2,080 
2,782 


1,056 

1,323 

1,809 

283 

619 

4,278 

1,026 

624 

238 

2,031 

433 

1,536 

1,095 

716 

302 


809 


2,715 
1,367 


350 
658 
218 


1,855 

"sei 


1,028 
'2,'741 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cleon,  Mich 

Cleona,  Iowa 

Clermont,  <fec.,  Fla 

Clermont,  Iowa 

Clermont,  Iowa 

Clermont,  N.Y 

Cleveland,  Ark. 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark.„ 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ac,  Col 

Cleveland,  Ga 

Cleveland,  111 

Cleveland,  Ind 

Cleveland,  Ind 

Cleveland,  Iowa. 

Cleveland,  Iowa 

Cleveland,  Iowa 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Mich 

Cleveland,  Minn 

Cleveland,  Minn 

Cleveland,  Mo 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb , 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  N.Y 

Cleveland,  N.C 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  0 , 

Cleveland,  Ore 

Cleveland,  S.C 

Cleveland,  S.D , 

Cleveland,  S.D , 

Cleveland,  S.D 

Cleveland,  Tenn 

Cleveland,  Utah 

Cleveland,  Wash , 

Cleveland,  Wis 

Cleveland,  Wis 

Cleveland,  Wis 

Cleveland  Mills,  N.C... 
Cleveland  Bun,  Kan... 

Cleves,  0 

Cliff,  Neb 

Clifford,  Ind 

Clifford,  Kan 

Clifford,  Mich 

Clifford,  Pa 

Clifton,  Ala 

Clifton,  Ariz 

Clifton,  111 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Ky 

Clifton,  Me 

Clifton,  Ac,  Mich 

Clifton,  Minn 

Clifton,  Minn 

Clifton,  Mo 

Clifton,  N.Y 

Clifton,  N.D 

Clifton,  N.D 

Clifton,  O 

Clifton,  Ore 

Clifton,  Pa 

Clifton,  S.C 

Clifton,  S.D 

Clifton,  S.D 

Clifton,  S.D 

Clifton,  Tenn... 

Clifton,  Tex 

Clifton,  Va 

Clifton,  W.  Va. 

Clifton,  Wis 

Clifton,  Wig 

Clifton,  Win 

Clifton  Forge,  Va 

Clifton  Heights,  Pa...., 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

iwst-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 


County. 


Manistee 

Scott 

Lake 

Fayette 

Fayette... » 

Columbia 

Clay 

Columbia 

Conway 

Faulkner 

Fulton 

Little  Biver 

Miller 

Ouachita 

Van  Buren 

White 

Gagle 

Washington 

Henry 

Elkhart 

Whitley., 

Davis 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Barton 

Lane 

Marshall 

Stafford , 

Stevens , 

Leelanaw 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Callaway , 

Cherry 

Cuming 

Holt 

Howard 

Knox 

Oswego 

Johnston 

Nelson , 

Bamsey 

Bolette , 

Walsh 

Cuyahoga , 

Malheur 

Greenville 

Brule 

Edmunds 

Hamlin 

Bradley , 

Emery 

Klickitat 

Chippewa 

Jackson 

Marathon 

Cleveland 

Cheyenne 

Hamilton 

Custer 

Bartholomew.. 

Butler 

Lapeer 

Susquehanna.. 

Wilcox 

Graham 

Iroquois 

Clay 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Wilson 

Jefferson 

Penobscot 

Keweenaw 

Lyon 

Traverse 

Bandolpb 

Saint  Lawrence 

Cass 

Steele 

Greene 

Clatsop 

Lackawanna. ... 

Spartanburg 

Beadle 

Spink 

Sully 

Wayne 

Bosque 

Alleghany 

Mason 

Grant 

Monroe 

Pierce 

Alleghany 

Delaware. ........ 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,481 
563 
918 


303 

557 

2,295 


380 


395 
991 
156 


724 


160,146 


877 


1,874 


836 


134 

467 


1,454 
2,08.'i 


474 

142 

1,590 

142 

977 


350 

1,222 

204 


844 
71 


310 

186 

282 

1,111 


300 
113 

2,035 
974 

1,078 
884 
703 


810 
766 
408 

1,320 
488 
798 
417 
979 
303 
872 
799 
426 

1,202 
241 
267 
272 
379 
641 
99 
511 

2,516 
871 
807 
376 
305 
101 
360 
142 
126 
562 
859 
132 
805 
125 
804 
330 
243 
342  I 
839  [ 

1,160 

68 

94 

109 

278  1 

261,353  \ 

112 

951 

246 

101 

488 

2,863 
111 
312 
396 
691 
252 
308 
258 

1,227 
656 
175 
690 
306 

1,125 

2,408 
600 
474 
622 

1,201 
622 

1,009 
135 
284 

1,103 
246 
179 
787 
342 
99 
145 
270 
181 
172 

2,639 
197 
218 
49 
629 
204 

4,835 
673 

1,074 
955 
633 

1,792 

1,820 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


aifton  Park,  N.Y 

Clifton  Springs,  N.Y.... 

Clifty,  Ark 

Clifty,  Ind 

Clifty,  Ky 

Clifty,  Ky 

Climax,  6a 

Climax,  Mich 

Climax,  Mich 

Clinchem,  Ga 

Cline,  N.C 

Clinton,  Ala 

Clinton,  Ark 

Clinton,  Conn 

Clinton,  Ga 

Clinton,  111 

Clinton,  111 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Kan 

Clinton,  Kan 

Clinton,  Ky 

Clinton,  Ky 

Clinton,  La 

Clinton,  Me 

Clinton,  Mass 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Minn 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Neb 

Clinton,  N.J 

Clinton,  N.J 

Clinton,  N.J 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  N.C 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  O 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton, 0 

Clinton,  Pa , 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  Pa , 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  S.C 

Clinton,  S.D , 

Clinton,  Tenn 

Clinton,  W.Va 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton  Falls,  Minn.... 

Clintonia,  111 

Clintonville,  Ala 

Clintonville,  Ky 

Clintonville,  N.Y 

Clintonville,  Pa 

Clintonville,  Wis 

Clintwood,  Va 

Clio,  Mich 

Clitherall,  Minn 

Cloar  Sciri  H'se,  Tenn 

Clontarf,  Minn , 

Clopton,  Ala. 

Cloquet,  Minn 

Close,  Tenn 

Cloud  City,  Col 

Clover,  111 

Clover,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-Till 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

civll-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 


Connty. 


Saratoga 

Ontario 

Carroll 

Bartholomew... 

Todd 

Wolfe 

Decatur........... 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Hall 

Catawba 

Greene , 

Van  Buren 

Middlesex 

Jones 

De  Kalb 

DeWitt 

Boone 

Cass 

Decatur 

Elkhart 

La  Porte 

Putnam  

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Linn 

Pocahontas 

Kinggold 

Sac 

Wayne 

Douglas 

Bawlins  

Hickman 

Hickman 

East  Feliciana. 

Kennebec 

Worcester 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Macomb 

Bock 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Henry 

Henry 

Texas 

Sheridan 

Essex 

Hunterdon 

Hunterdon 

Clinton 

Dutchess.., 

Oneida 

Sampson 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Huron 

Knox 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Vinton , 

Wayne , 

Butler. 

Lycoming , 

Venango 

Wayne , 

Wyoming , 

Laurens 

Miner 

Anderson 

Monongalia.... 

Barron 

Bock 

Bock , 

Vernon 

Steele , 

DeWitt 

Coffee 

Bourbon 

Clinton 

Venango , 

Waupaca , 

Dickenson 

Genesee 

Otter  Tail 

Obion 

Swift 

Dale 

Carlton 

Cocke 

Gunnison 

Henry 

Jefferson 


Popalation, 


1880,      1890. 


2,464 

902 
401 
1,067 
906 
513 


1,493 
268 
973 

2,134 

2,453 
166 

1,402 
540 

1,174 

2,709 

1,487 
991 
708 

2,003 
820 

1,016 

3,009 

965 

10,054 

9,052 
307 

1,118 
154 
831 
622 
609 

1,005 


2,519 

506 

1,129 

1,665 

8,029 

1,577 

927 

2,00(1 

237 

874 

975 

3,849 

2,868 

1,145 


2,742 
2,975 

842 
2,194 
1,640 
1,236 

620 
1,700 
3,725 

177 
6,213 
9,581 
4,618 
1,608 
2,077 
1,048 
1,676 
1,752 
1,009 

841 

459 


263 
2,126 

203 
2,126 


1,008 

502 

3,309 

1,274 

1,004 

205 

339 

673 


489 
674 

1,288 
266 

1,112 


1,671 
1,064 


2,228 

1,297 

320 

998 

1,114 

682 

1,275 

1,476 

369 

843 
2,588 
2,199 

176 
1,384 

5.16 
1,174 
2,598 
1,428 
1,415 

699 
1,993 

760 

900 

3,609 

1,365 

14,658 

13,619 

610 

996 
1,077 

795 

695 

474 

968 

359 
3,602 
1,347 

974 

1,518 

10,424 

1,490 

960 
1,819 

473 

785 
1,668 
5,701 
4,737 
1,309 

250 
3,684 
2,888 
1,975 
1,750 
1,426 
1,269 

839 
2;i79 
3,898 

163 
7,121 
1,571 
5,776 
1,707 
2,123 

918 
1,326 

835 

863 

404 
1,021 

263 
1,198 
2,362 

479 
1,105 

856 
1,045 

503 
3,46:i 

864 
1,005 

306 

263 
1,466 
2,068 

677 

831 
1,674 

342 

840 
2,630 

394 

66 

1,329 

642 


81 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Clover,  8.C 

Clover,  Utah 

Clover,  W.  Va 

Clover  Bottom,  Ky 

Clover  Creek,  Wash 

Cloverdale,  Cal 

Cloverdale,  Cal 

Cloverdale,  Cal 

Cloverdale,  Ind 

Cloverdale,  Ind 

Clover  Depot,  Va. 

Clover  Fork,  Ky 

Clover  Hill,  Va 

Clover  Hill,  Va 

Cloverport,  Ky 

Cloverport,  Ky 

Clow,  Minn 

Cloyd  Valley,  S.D 

Club  House,  Ga 

Cluttsville,  Ala 

Clyattville,  Ga 

Clyde,  111 

Clyde,  Kan 

Clyde,  Mich 

Clyde,  Mich 

Clyde,  N.r 

Clyde,  N.C 

Clyde,  N.C 

Clyde,  0 

Clyde,  S.D 

Clyde,  Wis 

Clyman,  Wis 

Clymer,  N.Y 

Clymer,  Pa 

Coal,  Mo 

Coal,  0 

Coal,  O 

Coal,  Pa 

Coal,  W.Va 

Coal  Branch,  Ky 

Coalburg,  Ala 

Coal  Centre,  Pa 

Coal  City,  111 

Coal  Creek,  Col 

Coal  Creek,  Col 

Coal  Creek,  Col 

Coal  Creek,  Col 

Coal  Creek,  Ind 

Coal  Creek,  Tenn 

Ooaldale,  Pa 

Coaldale,  Pa 

Coaledo,  Ore 

Coal  Harbor,  Alaska.... 

Coal  Harbor,  N.D 

Coal  Hill,  Ark 

Coalmont,  Pa 

Coal  Mountain,  Ga 

Coalport,  Pa 

Coal  Ridge,  Col 

Coalton,  Ky 

Coalton,  0 

Coal  Valley,  HI 

Coal  Valley,  111 

Coalville,  Utah 

Coatesville,  Pa 

Coatsburg,  111 

Cobb  Town,  Ga 

Cobbville,  Ga 

Cobden,  111 

Cobden,  111 , 

Cobham,  Va 

Coble,  N.C 

Cobleskill,  N.Y 

Cobleskill,  N.Y , 

Coburg,  Iowa 

Coburn,  N.D 

Cochecton,  N.Y , 

Cochetapa,  Col 

Cochiti,  N.M 

Cochran,  Ga , 

Cochran,  Ind , 

Cochrane,  Mont 

Cochranton,  Pa 

Cockrell,  Col , 

Cockrell,  Mo , 

Cocoa,  Fla 

Coddle  Creek,  N.C 

Codorus,  Pa 

Coe,  111 

Coe,  Mich 

Cceur  d'Alene,  Idaho.. 

Coeymans,  N.Y 

Coffee,  111 

Coffeen,  111 

Coffee  Bidge,  Tenn 

CoffeevUle,  Ala 

82 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-viU 

township 

post-viU 

post-viU 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-viU 

township 

post-viU 

post-viU 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-viU 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vlU 

borough 

post-viU 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-viU 

township 

post-viU 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-viU 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-viU 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

mil.-dist 

post-viU 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-viU 

civil-dist 

post-prect 


County. 


York 

Tooele 

Tucker 

Woodford  ... 

Pierce 

San  Bernardino 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Halifax 

Harlan 

Appomattox 

Chesterfield 

Breckenridge... 
Breckenridge... 

Kittson 

Edmunds 

Bulloch 

Madison 

Lowndes 

Whiteside 

Cloud 

Allegan 

Saint  Clair 

Wayne 

Haywood 

Haywood 

Sandusky 

Beadle 

Iowa 

Dodge 

Chautauqua 

Tioga 

Vernon 

Jackson 

Perry 

Northumberl'd 

Harrison 

Lee 

Jefferson 

Washington 

Grundy 

Arapahoe 

Fremont 

Jefferson 

Bio  Blanco 

Montgomery.... 

Anderson 

Bedford 

SchuylkiU 

Coos 


McLean 

Johnson , 

Huntingdon.... 

Forsyth 

Clearfield 

Garfield 

Boyd 

Jackson 

Bock  Island.... 
Rock  Island.... 

Summit 

Chester 

Adams 

TattnaU 

Telfair 

Union 

Union 

Surry 

Alamance 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Montgomery... 

Ransom 

Sullivan 

Saguache 

Bernalillo 

Pulaski 

Dearborn 

Beaver  Head... 

Crawford 

Conejos 

Chariton 

Brevard 

Iredell 

York 

Rock  Island.... 

Isabella 

Kootenai 

Albany 

Wabash 

Montgomery... 

Unicoi 

Clarke 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


73 
346 

670 
1,287 


1,265 
430 

2,043 
477 


468 
4,273 
3,734 

1*056 


1,200 


1,074 

1,087 

956 

610 

1,252 

2,826 

658 


2,380 


715 
1,235 
1,455 
1,121 

789 


3,836 
4,320 
2,517 


557 


1,836 
800 
258 


200 

171 

1,512 


1,302 


1,023 

311 

911 

2,766 

218 

992 

1,004 

3,072 

800 

2,972 

1,112 

3,370 

1,222 

60 


1,328 


4,130 
1,024 


2,350 
2,261 
1,048 
1,381 


2,912 
1,342 


409 
1,696 


287 

157 

1,085 

1,358 

191 

86 

1,564 

763 

1,827 

437 

422 

548 

3,860 

2,410 

3,757 

1,527 

130 

41 

1,493 

1,775 

?  1,100 

882 

1,137 

850 

1,014 

2,638 

1,044 

90 

2,327 

162 

610 

1,293 

1,363 

1,313 

852 

4,584 

3,747 

8,616 

2,802 

1,252 

842 

669 

1,672 

304 

1,122 

101 

118 

2,169 

1,866 

272 

1,849 

76 

16 

123 

802 

219 

646 

865 

87 

1,165 

1,459 

700 

207 

1,166 

3,680 

308 

1,233 

585 

4,106 

994 

3,195 

1,151 

3,443 

1,822 

83 

155 

1,174 

64 

268 

2,763 

790 

231 

665 

202 

1,011 

312 

2,576 

2,322 

908 

1,801 

491 

3,669 

1,540 

518 

644 

2,287 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Coffeeville,  Miss 

Coffey,  Ark 

Coffeyville,  Kan 

Coffin  Grove,  Iowa.. 

Cogan  House,  Pa 

Cohasset,  .Mass 

Cohoctah,  Mich 

Cohocton,  N.Y 

Cohoes,  N.Y , 

Cohutta,  Ga 

Coitsville,  0 

Cokato,  Minn 

Cokato,  Minn 

Cokedale,  Mont , 

Cokedale,  Mont 

Coker,  Ala 

Coker,  Fla , 

Cokesbury,  S.C 

Cokesbury,  S.C 

Cokeville,  Pa , 

Cokey  Creek,  N.C..., 

Colbourne,  Md 

Colburn,  Wis , 

Colby,  Kan 

Colby,  Wash 

Colby,  Wis 

Colchester,  Conn 

Colchester,  111 

Colchester,  111 , 

Colchester,  N.Y 

Colchester,  Vt 

Ooldbrook,  111 

Colden,  N.Y 

Cold  Spring,  Ala. 

Cold  Spring,  111.. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-preot 

precinct 

township 

post-viU 

post-boro' 

township 

district 

township 

post-Till 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Cold  Spring,  Ky |  mag.-dist 


Cold  Spring,  Mich.. 

Cold  Spring,  Mo 

Cold  Sprinp,  N.Y 

Cold  Spring,  Pa 

Cold  Spring,  Tex 

Cold  Spring,  Wis 

Cold  Springs,  Idaho.. 

Coldwater,  Ark 

Coldwater,  Ga 

Coldwater,  Iowa 

Coldwater,  Kan 

Coldwater,  Kan 

Coldwater,  Mich 

Coldwater,  Mich 

Coldwater,  Mich 

Coldwater,  Miss 

Coldwater,  Mo 

Cold  Water,  O 

ColdweU,  Ark 

Cole,  Ala 

Cole,  Ark 

Cole,  Mo 

Coleau,  La 

Colebrook,  Conn 

Colebrook,  N.H 

Colebrook,  0 

Colebrook,  Pa 

Colebrookdale,  Pa 

Cole  City,  Ga 

Cole  City,  Ga 

Cole  Hill,  S.C 

Coleman,  Ala 

Coleman,  Ga 

Coleman,  Ga 

Coleman,  Ga 

Coleman,  Kan 

Coleman,  Mich 

Coleman,  Neb 

Coleman,  S.C 

Coleman,  Tex 

Cole  MUl,  Ala 

Colerain,  Mass 

Colerain,  N.C 

Colerain,  0 

Colerain,  0 

Colerain,  0 

Colerain,  Pa 

Colerain,  Pa 

Coleridge,  Neb 

Coles,  111 

Coles,  Va 

Colesburg,  Ky 

Coles  Valley,  Ore 

Colesville,  Md 

Colesville,  N.Y 

Coleta,  Ala 

Coleville,  Pa 

Colfax,  Cal 

Colfax,  Col 

Colfax,  lU 


township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-viU 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

ward 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-viU 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-viU 

township 

post-viU 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-viU 

post-viU 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

district 

township 

post-prect 

village 

post-town 

precinct 

township 


Yalabusha 

White 

Montgomery.... 

Delaware 

Lycoming 

Norfolk 

Livingston 

Steuben 

Albany 

Whitfield 

Mahoning 

Wright 

Wright 

Park , 

Park 

Tuscaloosa 

De  Soto , 

Abbeville 

AbbeTille 

Westmoreland. 

Edgecombe 

Worcester 

Chippewa 

Thomas 

Kitsap 

Clark 

New  London... 

j  McDonough 

j  McDonough 

j  Delaware 

I  Chittenden 

Warren 

Erie 

Elmore 

Shelby 

Campbell. „ 

Kalkaska 

Phelps 

Cattaraugus 

Lebanon 

San  Jacinto 

Jefferson 

Elmore 

Cross 

Chattooga 

Butler 

Comanche 

Comanche 

Branch 

Branch 

Isabella 

Tate 

Cass 

Mercer 

White 

Fayette 

Sebastian 

Benton 

Iberia 

Litchfield 

Coos 

Ashtabula 

Clinton 

Berks 

Dade 

Dade 

Chesterfield 

Elmore 

Chattahoochee 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Washington.... 

Midland 

Red  Willow 

Edgefield 

Coleman 

Frankiln 

Franklin 

Bertie 

Belmont 

Hamilton 

Ross 

Bedford 

Lancaster 

Cedar 

Moultrie 

Prince  William, 

Hardin 

Douglas 

Montgomery ... 

Broome 

Clay 

Centre 

Placer 

Custer 

Champaign 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


749 

642 

763 

1,017 

1,002 

2,182 

1,276 

3,346 

19,416 


1,231 

1,342 

274 


2,946 
365 
566 

1,207 
966 


813 
2,974 
1,920 
1,067 
2,941 
4,421 
1,084 
1,464 

921 
1,864 
1,368 

101 
1,298 

984 
40 


560 

976 

1,325 


1,719 

4,681 

377 

397 

688 

237 

316 

589 

1,100 

1,006 

1,806 

1,148 

1,580 

956 

431 

1,150 

937 


987 
1,417 
1,175 
1,370 


111 
'2,461 


1,777 
2,518 
1,499 
3,722 
1,946 
1,022 
1,663 


1,337 

1,015 

498 

3,799 

3,208 

756 

260 

591 


1.073 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Colfax,  Ind 

Culfax,  Ind 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Kan 

Colfax,  Kan 

Colfax,  Kan 

Colfax,  La 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Minn 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Neb 

Colfax,  N.C 

Colfax,  N.D 

Colfax,  Wash 

Colfax,  Wis 

Colgate,  N.D.. 

College,  Iowa 

College,  O 

College,  Pa 

College  City,  Cal 

College  Point,  N.Y 

College  Springs,  Iowa... 

Collegeville,  Minn 

CoUey,  Pa 

Collier,  Ala 

Collier,  Pa 

Collier,  S.C 

Collierville,  Tenn 

Collingswoud,  N.J 

Collins,  Ala 

Collins,  Ala 

Collins,  Ala 

Collins,  Ark 

Collins,  Ga 

Collins,  Iowa 

Collins,  Minn 

Collins,  Mo 

Collins,  (fee.  Neb 

Collins,  N.Y 

Collins,  S.C 

Collins,  S.C 

Collins,  S.C 

Collins,  S.D 

Collins  Settlem't,W.Va. 

Collinston,  Utah 

ColIinsTille,  Ala 

Collinsville,  Ala 

CoUinsville,  111 

Collinsville,  III 

Collinsville,  Tex 

Collinwood,  Minn 

CoUirene,  Ala 

Collote,  N.M 

Colly,  N.C 

Collyer,  Kan 

Colman.S.D 

Colmor,  N.M 

Colo,  Iowa 

Cologne,  Minn 

Cologne,  W.  Va 

Coloma,  Ala 

Coloma,  Cal 

Coloma,  111 

Coloma,  Wis 

Colon,  Mich 

Colon,  Mich 

Colona,  111 

Colony,  Iowa 

Colony,  Iowa 

Colony,  Kan 

Colony,  Kan 

Colony,  Mo 

Colorado,  Kan 

Colorado,  N.M 

Colorado  City,  Col 

Colorado  City,  Col 

Colorado  Springs,  Col... 
Colorado  Springs,  Col.., 

Colorow,  Col 

Colorow,  Col 

Colton,  Cal 

Colton,  Cal 

Colton,  Neb 


Kankof 
place. 


poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 


County. 


Clinton 

Newton 

Boone 

Dallas 

Grundy 

Jasper 

Page 

Pocahontas 

Webster 

Cloud 

Marion 

Wilson 

Grant 

Benzie 

Huron 

Mecosta 

Oceana 

Wexford 

Kandiyohi 

Atchison 

Daviess 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Colfax 

Rutherford 

Richland 

Whitman 

Dunn 

Steele 

Linn 

Knox 

Centre 

Colusa  

Queens 

Page 

Stearns 

Sullivan 

DeKalb 

Alleghany 

Edgefield 

Shelby 

Camden 

Fayette  

Jackson 

Madison 

Drew 

Fulton 

Story 

McLeod 

Saint  Clair 

Grant 

Erie 

Colleton 

Edgefield 

Georgetown 

Clark 

Lewis 

Box  Elder 

DeKalb 

DeKalb 

Madison 

Madison 

Grayson 

Meeker 

Lowndes 

Rio  Arriba 

Bladen 

Trego 

Moody 

Colfax 

Story 

Carver 

Mason 

Cherokee 

Eldorado 

Whiteside 

Waushara 

Saint  Joseph.... 
Saint  .Toseph.... 

Henry 

Adams 

Delaware 

Anderson 

Greeley 

Knox 

Lincoln 

Donna  Ana 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

Grand 

Montrose 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 
Cheyenne.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


638 
150 
695 
819 

1,036 
620 

1,037 
380 
307 
607 


735 


131 

418 
669 
185 
375 
363 


1,167 
1,450 
1,198 
652 
1,537 


444 
460 


1,284 
895 

1,417 
237 

4,192 
531 
318 
373 


1,697 

2,086 

753 


400 


954 


956 
404 
863 


2,371 
1,431 
1,166 
1,633 


2,653 


160 

4,577 
2,887 


1,673 
"865 


296 

60 

1,350 


874 
1,496 

443 
1,518 

422 
1,226 

644 
1,202 

114 


945 
504 


347 
'4,226 


7:w 

128 

686 

851 

1,009 

957 

1,170 

621 

541 

686 

408 

1,008 

161 

404 

1,116 

1,000 

308 

463 

443 

692 

1,330 

1,346 

1,147 

903 

2,135 

335 

1,649 

672 

125 

1,070 

955 

1,666 

387 

6,127 

491 

506 

1,662 

448 

2,691 

2,062 

696 

539 

500 

1,160 

1,009 

1,069 

1,404 

1,044 

507 

932 

211 

2,362 

1,955 

1,349 

1,963 

428 

3,015 

798 

912 

367 

5,224 

3,498 

332 

1,393 

1,794 

346 

961 

480 

429 

198 

261 

193 

1,635 

938 

537 

2,104 

723 

1,515 

489 

983 

794 

1,296 

474 

475 

914 

661 

923 

2,155 

1,788 

11,790 

11,140 

43 

541 

1,716 

1,315 

366 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Colton,  N.Y 

Colton,  N.Y 

Columbia,  Ala 

Columbia,  Ala 

Columbia,  Ark 

Columbia,  Conn 

Columbia,  Ga 

Columbia,  III 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Iowa 

Columbia,  Iowa 

Columbia,  Kan 

Columbia,  Ky 

Columbia,  La 

Columbia,  Me 

Columbia,  Mich 

Columbia,  Mich 

Columbia,  Mich 

Columbia,  Minn 

Columbia,  Mo 

Columbia,  Mo 

Columbia,  N.H 

Columbia,  N.Y 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  0 

Columbia,  0 

Columbia,  O. 

Columbia,  Ore 

Columbia,  Ore 

Columbia,  Ore 

Columbia,  Pa 

Columbia,  Pa 

Columbia^  S.C 

Columbia,  S.C 

Columbia,  S.D 

Columbia,  S.D 

Columbia,  Tenn 

Columbia,  Tex 

Columbia,  Va 

Columbia,  Va 

Columbia  Falls,  Me 

Columbiana,  Ala 

Columbiana,  Ala 

Columbiana,  0 

Columbian  Grove,  Va... 
Columbianville,  Mich... 

Columbus,  Ark 

Columbus,  Ga 

Columbus,  111 

Columbus,  111 

Columbus,  III 

Columbus,  Ind 

Columbus,  Ind 

Columbus,  Kan 

Columbus,  Ky 

Columbus,  Ky 

Columbus,  Mich 

Columbus,  Minn 

Columbus,  Miss 

Columbus,  Mo 

Columbus,  Neb.... 

Columbus,  Neb 

Columbus,  N.Y 

Columbus,  N.C 

Columbus,  0 

Columbus,  Pa. 

Columbus,  Pa 

Columbus,  Tex 

Columbus,  Wash 

Columbus,  Wis 

Columbus,  Wis 

Columbus  City,  Iowa... 
Columbus  City,  Iowa... 

Columbus  Grove,  0 

Columbus  Junction, 

Iowa 

Colusa,  Cal 

Colville,  Ark 

Colville,  Wash 

Colwich,  Kan 

Comanche,  Kan 

Comanche,  Tex 

Combs,  Mo 

Comb  School  House,  Ky 

Comet,  Mont 

Comfort,  Tex 

Comins,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post- bo  ro' 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Henry 

Henry 

Randolph 

Tolland 

Banks 

Monroe 

Dubois 

Fayette 

Gibson 

Jennings 

Martin 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Tama 

Wapello 

Ellsworth 

Adair 

Caldwell 

Washington 

Jackson 

Tuscola 

Van  Buren 

Polk 

Boone 

Boone 

Coos 

Herkimer 

Pender 

Randolph 

Tyrrell 

Tyrrell 

Hamilton 

Lorain 

Meigs 

Multnomah 

Wasco 

Washington 

Bradford 

Lancaster 

Richland 

Richland 

Brown 

Brown 

Maury 

Brazoria 

Fluvanna 

Fluvanna 

Washington 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Columbiana 

Lunenburg 

Lapeer 

Hempstead 

Muscogee 

Adams 

Adams 

Pope 

Bartholomew... 
Bartholomew... 

Cherokee 

Hickman 

Hickman 

Saint  Clair 

Anoka 

Lowndes 

Johnson 

Platte 

Platte 

Chenango 

Polk 

Franklin 

Warren 

Warren 

Colorado 

Klickitat 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Putnam 


Louisa 

Colusa 

Benton 

Stevens 

Sedgwick... 

Barton 

Comanche- 
Carroll 

Menifee 

Jefferson.... 

Kendall 

Oscoda 


Popalation. 


1880.      1890. 


1,974 
606 


1,312 

767 

468 

1,308 

855 

803 

2,104 

1,471 

1,032 

3,583 

2,244 

818 

2,044 

1,017 

3,020 

219 

642 

1,605 

1,194 

1,510 


6,917 
3,326 

762 
1,616 
1,559 
1,495 
1,302 

166 
5,306 

906 

1,116 

84 


364 

1,304 

8,312 

13,083 

10,036 


133 

3,400 

739 

2,643 

239 

685 

2,716 

496 

1,223 

1,543 

326 

171 

10,123 

1,077 

235 

836 

6,592 

4,813 

1,164 

3,042 

1,338 

1,327 

92 

3,965 

1,307 


2,131 
1,177 

838 

51,647 

1,242 

421 
1,959 


805 
1,876 
2,868 

605 
1,392 

793 

1,779 

1,520 

67 


443 
704 


177 


1,843 
636 

3,774 

960 
1,268 

740 

683 
1,267 
1,239 

668 
3,014 
1,244 

899 
4,396 
3,027 

725 
1,557 

798 
2,916 

352 

587 
1,574 
1,527 
1,551 

451 
7,298 
4,000 

606 
1,380 
1,600 
1,854 
1,474 

209 
8,422 

920 
1,087 

119 

335 

761 

1,245 

10,599 

18,437 

16,353 

636 

400 
5,370 

515 
2,309 

239 

698 
3,295 

654 
1,112 
1,530 

578 

217 

17,303 

1,000 

201 

806 
8,723 
6,719 
2,160 
2,307 

873 
1,158 

262 
4,569 
1,195 
3,862 
3,134 
1,109 
1,035 
88,150 
1,062 

292 
2,199 

209 

800 
1,977 
2,595 

459 
1,677 

953 

1,336 

833 

639 

212 

738 

1,226 

1,189 

796 

49 

307 

278 


88 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Commerce,  Mich 

Commerce,  Mo 

Commerce,  Tex 

Commercial,  N.J 

Commercial  Point,  Ky.. 
Commercial  Point,  0.... 
Commonwealth,  Wis.... 

Como,  Col 

Como,  Col 

Como,  Miss 

Como,  S.D 

Competine,  Iowa 

Compromise,  111 

Compton,  Cal 

Compton,  Cal 

Compton,  111 

Compton,  Minn 

Comstock,  Mich 

Comstock,  Mich 

Comstock,  Minn 

Conconully,  Wash 

Concord,  &c.,  Ala 

Concord,  Ala 

Concord,  Cal 

Concord,  Del 

Concord,  Ga.... 

Concord,  111 

Concord,  111 

Concord,  111 

Concord,  111 

Concord,  Ind 

Concord,  Ind 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Kan 

Concord,  Kan 

Concord,  Ky 

Concord,  Ky 

Concord,  Me 

Concord,  Mass 

Concord,  Mich 

Concord,  Mich 

Concord,  Mich 

Concord,  Minn 

Concord,  Mo 

Concord,  Mo 

Concord,  Neb 

Concord,  N.H 

Concord,  N.Y 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  0 

Concord,  0 

Concord,  0 

Concord,  0....' 

Concord,  0 

Concord,  0 

Concord,  0 

Concord,  Pa 

Concord,  Pa 

Concord,  Pa 

Concord,  S.C 

Concord,  S.C 

Concord,  S.D 

Concord,  Tenn , 

Concord,  Vt , 

Concord,  Wis , 

Concordia,  Kan , 

Concordia,  Ac,  Ky 

Concordia,  Mo 

Concow,  Cal 

Concreek,  Ga 

Condit,  111 

Condon,  Ore 

Conemaugh,  Pa , 

Conemaugh,  Pa 

Conemaugh,  Pa 

Conestoga,  Pa 

Conesus,  N.Y , 

Conesville,  N.Y 

Conetoe,  N.D 

Conewago,  Pa. 

Conewago,  Pa 

Conewango,  N.Y 

Conewango,  Pa 

Coney  Island,  N.Y 

Confluence,  Pa 

Congaree,  S.C 

C!ongress,  Ariz 

Congress,  0 

Congress,  0 

84 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

I)08t-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


Oakland 

Scott  

Hunt 

Cumberland.. 

Union 

Pickaway 

Florence 

Park 

Park 

Panola 

Hand 

Wapello 

Champaign.... 
Los  Angeles.. 
Los  Angeles.., 

Lee 

Otter  Tail 

Kalamazoo.... 
Kalamazoo.... 

Marshall 

Okanogan 

Blount 

Coosa 

Contra  Costa., 

Sussex 

Pike 

Adams 

Bureau 

Iroquois 

Morgan 

De  Kalb 

Elkhart , 

Dubuque 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Louisa 

Woodbury 

Ford 

Ottawa 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Somerset 

Middlesex 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wexford 

Dodge , 

Clinton 

Washington.. 

Dixon 

Merrimack.... 

Erie 

Cabarrus , 

Cabarrus 

Iredell 

Randolph 

Champaign... 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Highland 

Lake 

Miami 

Ross , 

Butler 

Delaware....  . 

Erie 

Clarendon 

Sumter 

Lake 

Knox 

Essex 

JefTerson 

Cloud 

Meade 

Lafayette 

Butte 

Cherokee 

Champaign... 

Gilliam 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Somerset 

Lancaster 

Livingston.... 

Schoharie 

Edgecombe... 

Dauphin 

York 

Cattaraugus.. 

Warren 

Kings 

Somerset 

Lexington.... 

Yavapai 

Morrow 

Wayne 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,263 
1,611 


2,265 
"'l69 


134 
149 


900 
1,414 


300 

628 

1,891 

149 


784 
399 
148 


1,089 

;2,636 

1,202 

1,147 

1,630 

8,111 

1,100 

764 

347 

747 

340 


613 

1,592 

178 

406 

3,922 

1,683 

540 

171 

1,040 

2,867 

1,120 


13,843 
3,400 
1,761 
1,264 
1,236 
1,296 
1,157 
1,478 

908 
1,236 

722 
5,354 
2,801 
1,654 
1,311 
1,171 

964 
3,148 


246 

1,612 

1,467 

1,853 

2,295 

391 

530 

800 

822 


437 
1,346 
1,379 
2,350 
1,897 
1,127 


1,495 
1,299 
1,478 
1,184 
430 
1,547 


1,262 
2,851 


1,113 

1,677 

810 

2,344 

146 

266 

895 

867 

374 

178 

78 

760 

1,660 

2,013 

636 

234 

694 

1,779 

393 

214 

232 

1,065 

817 

373 

296 

360 

1,069 

2,759 

1,086 

1,061 

1,912 

1,610 

1,006 

1,176 

811 

700 

478 

94 

498 

1,552 

188 

346 

4,427 

1,416 

580 


1,024 

3,214 

1,270 

433 

17,004 

3,881 

4,339 

4,339 

1,338 

1,332 

1,139 

1,397 

735 

1,164 

601 

5,926 

2,907 

1,138 

1,276 

991 

1,206 

2,321 

331 

271 

1,425 

1,331 

3,184 

2,169 

715 

459 

830 

750 

224 

764 

1,668 

1,629 

2,196 

1,196 

929 

88 

872 

1,556 

1,273 

2,267 

3,313 

444 

1,469 

242 

1,047 

2,603 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Congress,  0 

Conklin,  N.Y 

Conkling,  Kan 

Conkling,  N.D 

Conley,  Neb 

Conneaut,  O 

Conneaut,  0 

Conneaut,  Pa 

Conneaut,  Pa 

Conneautville,  Pa 

Connell,  Mont 

Connells  Mills,  Ga 

Connellsville,  Pa 

Connellsville,  Pa 

Connersville,  Ind 

Connersville,  Ind 

Connor,  Ga 

Connor  Creek,  Ore 

Connor  Patch,  Pa 

Cono,  Iowa. 

Cono,  Iowa 

Conocanary,  N.C 

Conococheague,  Md 

ConoUoway,  <fec.,  Ky.... 

Conoquenessing,  Pa 

Conover,  N.C 

Conowago,  Pa 

Conoy,  Pa 

Conquest,  N.Y 

Conrad  Grove,  Iowa 

Conrad  Hill,  N.C 

Conshohocken,  Pa. 

Constable,  N.Y 

Constantia,  N.Y 

Constantia,  N  Y.. 

Constantine,  Mich 

Constantine,  Mich 

Contentnea,  N.C 

Contentnea  Neck,  N.C. 

Convenience,  Ark 

Convis,  Mich 

Convoy,  0 

Conwa,  Iowa 

Conway,  Ark 

Conway,  Ark 

Conway,  Kan 

Conway,  Mass 

Conway,  Mich 

Conway,  Mo 

Conway,  N.H 

Conway,  S.C 

Conway,  S.C 

Conway  Springs,  Kan. 

Conyers,  Ga 

Conyngham,  Pa 

Conyngham,  Pa 

Coody,  Ga 

Cook,  Ga 

Cook,  Iowa 

Cook,  Kan 

Cook,  Pa 

Cooke,  Mont 

Cooke,  Pa 

Cookeville,  Tenn , 

Cook  Peak.  N.M 

Cook's  Springs,  Ala.... 

Cooksville,  Ga 

Coolbaugh's,  Pa , 

Coolidge,  Kan 

Coolidge,  Kan 

Coolidge,  N.M 

Cool  Spring,  Ga 

Cool  Spring,  Ind 

Cool  Spring,  N.C 

Cool  Spring,  N.C , 

Cool  Spring,  Pa 

Coolville,  0 

Coon,  Iowa 

Coon,  Wis 

Coon  Creek,  Minn 

Cooney,  N.M 

Coon  Rapids,  Iowa 

Coon  Valley,  Iowa 

Cooper,  Ala 

Cooper,  Ga 

Cooper,  111 

Cooper,  Iowa 

Cooper,  Iowa 

Cooper,  Kan 

Cooper,  Me 

Cooper,  Mich 

Cooper,  Mo 

Cooper,  N.C 

Cooper,  Pa 

Cooper,  Pa 

Cooper,  S.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

po8^twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

village 

township 

township 

township 

district 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wayne 

Broome.. 

Pawnee 

McLean 

Holt 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Crawford 

Erie 

Crawford 

Gallatin 

Berrien 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Douglas 

Baker 

Schuylkill 

Buchanan 

Iowa 

Halifax 

Washington 

Grayson 

Butler 

Catawba 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Cayuga 

Grundy 

Davidson 

Montgomery.... 

Franklin 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Saint  Joseph.... 
Saint  Joseph.... 

Pitt 

Lenoir 

Pope 

Calhoun 

Van  Wert 

Taylor 

Faulkner 

Lafayette 

Sumner 

Franklin 

Livingston 

Laclede 

Carroll 

Horry 

Horry 

Sumner 

Rockdale 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Butts 

Fulton 

Sac 

Decatur 

Westmoreland.. 

Park 

Cumberland 

Putnam 

Grant 

Saint  Clair 

Heard. 

Monroe 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Valencia 

Habersham 

La  Porte 

Iredell 

Rutherford 

Mercer 

Athens 

Buena  Vista 

Vernon 

Lyon 

Socorro 

Carroll 

Sac 

Chilton 

Decatui- 

Sangamon 

Monona 

Webster 

Stafford 

Washington 

Kalamazoo 

Gentry 

Nash 

Clearfield 

Montour 

Edgefield 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


301 
1,420 


2,947 
1,256 
1,601 
1,546 
941 


1,366 

3,609 

4,660 

3,228 

965 

145 

362 

697 

252 

1,377 


1,190 
150 
1,211 
2,055 
1,661 


1,218 
4,661 
1,532 
3,124 
366 
2,441 
1,406 
2,069 
1,463 


966 

386 

423 

1,028 


258 
1,760 
1,344 


2,094 

2,362 

575 


1,374 
1,805 

488 
1,000 
2,438 

399 


1,256 


417 

279 


586 
1,223 


377 
1,549 
822 
1,440 
970 
323 
379 
983 
106 


54 

409 

2,342 

1,369 

870 

260 

533 

630 

346 

1,193 

3,273 

1,683 


383 
2,532 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cooper,  S.D 

Cooper,  Tex 

Cooper,  W.  Va 

Cooper  Gap,  N.C 

Coopetsburg,  Pa 

Cooper's  Creek,  Ga 

Coopersdale,  Pa 

Cooperstown,  111 

Cooperstown,  N.Y 

Cooperstown,  N.D 

Cooperstown,  N.D 

Cooperstown,  Pa 

Cooperstown,  Wis 

Coopersville,  Mich 

Coosa,  Ga 

Coosawuttee,  Ga 

Coosa wattee,  Ga 

Coosawhatchie,  8.C 

Coo3awhatchie,  S.C 

Coos  City,  Ore 

Coos  River,  Ore 

Copake,  N.Y 

Cope,  Col 

Copeland,  Pa 

Copenhagen,  N.Y 

Coplay,  Pa 

Cople,  Va. 

Copley,  111 

Copley,  0 

Copley,  0 

Copper  Creek,  Ky 

Copper  Creek,  Va 

Copper  Harbor,  Mich... 

Copper  Mines,  Ala 

Copperopolis,  Cal 

Coquille  City,  Ore 

Coquille  City,  Ore 

Coi'a,  Kan 

Cora,  Mont 

Cora,  S.D 

Coral,  111 

Coral,  Mich 

Coralville,  Iowa 

Coraopolis,  Pa 

Corbin,  Kan 

Corbin,  Mont 

Corcoran,  Minn 

Cordele,  Ga 

Corder,  Mo 

Cordova,  Ala 

Cordova.  Ill 

Cordova,  111 

Cordova,  Ky 

Cordova,  Minn 

Cordova,  Minn 

Cordovas,  N.M 

Core  City,  Ark 

Corfu,  N.Y 

Corinna,  Me 

Corinna,  Minn 

Corinth,  Ala 

Corinth,  Ga 

Corinth,  Iowa. 

Corinth,  Kan 

Corinth,  Ky 

Corinth,  Me 

Corinth,  Miss 

Corinth,  N.Y 

Corinth,  N.Y 

Corinth,  Vt 

Cork,  Fla 

Corley  Sch'l  H'se,  Tenn 

Corliss,  Minn 

Cormorant,  Minn 

Cornelia,  Ga 

Cornelia,  Ga 

Cornelius,  Ala..„ 

Cornelius,  Ore 

Cornell,  111 

Cornell,  Neb 

Cornell,  N.D 

Cornett,  Ky 

Cornie,  Ark 

Comie,  Ark 

Corning,  Ark 

Corning,  Cal 

Corning,  Cal 

Corning,  Iowa 

Corning,  Kan 

Corning,  Kan 

Corning,  Mo 

Corning,  N.Y 

Corning,  N.Y , 

Corning,  0 , 

Corning,  Wis 

Cornish,  Me , 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

I)08t-boro' 

mil.-dist 

borough 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 


County. 


Aurora 

Delta 

Mason 

Polk 

Lehigh 

Union 

Cambria 

Brown 

Otsego 

Griggs 

Griggs 

Venango 

Manitowoc... 

Ottawa 

Union 

Gilmer 

Gordon 

Beaufort 

Hampton 

Coos 

Coos 

Columbia 

Arapahoe 

Alleghany... 

Lewis 

Lehigh , 

Westmoreland.. 

Knox 

Summit 

Summit 

Rock  Castle... 

Russell 

Keweenaw 

Clay 

Calaveras 

Coos 

Coos 

Smith 

Cascade 

Sully 

McHenry 

Montcalm 

Johnson 

Alleghany 

Sumner 

Jefferson 

Hennepin 

Dooly 

Lafayette 

Walker 

Rock  Island... 
Rock  Island... 

Grant 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Taos 

Crawford 

Genesee 

Penobscot 

Wright... , 

De  Kalb 

Heard 

Humboldt 

Osborne , 

Grant 

Penobscot 

Alcorn , 

Saratoga. , 

Saratoga 

Orange 

Hillsborough 

Trousdale 

Otter  Tail 

Becker 

Habersham... 
Habersham... 
Blount 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


post-prect    Washington.. 


post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

post-town 


Livingston. 
Hitchcock., 

Cass 

Clay 

Columbia... 

Union 

Clay 

Tehama 

Tehama...., 

Adams , 

Nemaha..., 

Rooks 

Holt 

Steuben.... 
Stenben.... 

Perry 

Lincoln.... 
York» 


294 

1,94S 

884 

392 

214 

409 

1,649 

2,199 


297 

1,700 

646 

644 

323 

509 

1,766 

1,763 

200 

266 

1,905 


702 

774 

3,698 

1,071 

1,184 

153 


1,697 
141 
747 
148 
296 
176 


1,279 
590 
347 


1,174 


863 
447 


786 
140 


363 

1,503 

386 


630 

322 

581 

1,217 

1,333 

2,275 

1,737 

510 

1,627 


710 
54 
234 


437 


613 

686 

1,110 

393 


1,526 

63 

381 

221 

7,402 

4,802 
270 
112 

1,169 


80 
629 
2,385 
969 
454 
339 
619 
1,466 
2,657 
488 
368 
290 
1,629 
790 
604 
389 
623 
2,423 
2,303 
211 
449 
1,515 
265 
1,349 
777 
880 
3,658 
910 
1,080 
241 
1,152 
1,604 
68 
?800 
232 
814 
494 
605 
137 
57 
1,354 
335 
173 
962 
174 
127 
1,212 
1,578 
1,145 
702 
828 
443 
1,262 
1,046 
1,046 
8.38 
579 
398 
1,207 
564 
571 
627 
486 
462 
1,242 
1,154 
2,111 
2,124 
1,222 
1,027 
547 
611 
294 
604 
862 
176 
201 
1,057 
437 
287 
82 
1,229 
875 
1,150 
584 
1,280 
210 
1,682 
291 
300 
176 
10,188 
8,560 
1,551 
347 
1,118 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cornish,  Minn.... 

Cornish,  N.H 

Cornishville,  Ky, 
Cornplanter,  Pa. 
Cornucopia,  Ore 
Cornville,  Me, 
Cornwall,  Conn 
Cornwall,  Conn 
Cornwall,  111 
Cornwall,  N.Y 
Cornwall,  Pa 
Cornwall,  S.D, 
Cornwall,  Vt 
Cornwall  on  the  Hud- 
son, N.Y 
Corona,  Col 
Corona,  N.Y, 
Coronado,  Kan 
Corpus  Christi,  Tex, 
Corral,  Idaho. 
Corrales,  N.M 
Correctionville,  Iowa... 
Corrigan,  Tex, 
Corry,  Pa, 
Corsica,  Pa 
Corsicana,  Tex 
Cortez,  Col 
Cortez,  Col 
Cortland,  Neb 
Cortland,  N.Y 
Cortland,  0.... 
Cortlandt,  N.Y 

Cortlandt,  S.D 

Cortlandville,  N.Y 

Corvallis,  Mont 

Corvallis,  Ore 

Corunna,  Mich 

Corwin,  III 

Corwin,  Iowa 

Corwitli,  Iowa 

Corwith,  Mich 

Corydon,  Ind 

Corydon,  Iowa 

Corydon,  Iowa 

Corydon,  Ky 

Corydon,  Ky 

Corydon,  Pa 

Corydon,  Pa 

Coshocton,  0 

Cosmo,  Neb , 

Cosmopolis,  Wash 

Cosmos,  Minn 

Coston,  Md 

Cosumne,  Cal 

Cosumnes,  Cal 

Cote  Sans  Dessein,  Mo 

Cotesfield,  Neb 

Cotile,  La 

Cotohaga,  Ala 

Cotopaxi,Col 

Cottage  City,  Mass 

Cottage  Grove,  III 

Cottage  Gro  ve  Kan.. . 

Cottage  Grove,  Minn.. 

Cottage  Grove,  Ore.... 

Cottage  Grove,  Wis.... 

Cottage  Hill,  Kan 

Cotterell,  Neb 

Cotton,  lud 

Cotton  Creek,  Col 

Cottondale,  Ala 

Cotton  Grove,  N.C 

Cotton  Hill,  Ala 

Cotton  Hill,  Ga 

Cotton  Hill,  HI 

Cotton  Hill,  Mo 

Cotton  Plant,  Ark 

Cotton  Plant,  Ark 

Cotton  Valley,  Ala 

Cottonwood,  Ala 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Col 

Cottonwood,  Col 

Cottonwood,  111 

Cottonwood,  Kan 

Cottonwood,  Minn 

Cottonwood,  Neb 

Cottonwood,  Neb 

Cottonwood,  Neb 

Cottonwood,  Neb 

Cottonwood,  N.D 

Cottonwood,  N.D 

I  Cottonwood,  Ore «, 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


township 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

poet-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

poet-town 

post-vill 

city 

post-boro' 

city 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

ward 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poet-prect 

post  prect 

precinct 

poet-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 


Sibley 

Sullivan.... 

Mercer 

Venango.... 

Union 

Somerset.... 
Litchfield.. 
Litchfield... 

Henry 

Orange 

Lebanon ... 

Spink 

Addison 


Orange 

Morgan 

Queens 

Wichita 

Nuecee 

Logan 

Bernalillo 

Woodbury , 

Polk 

Erie 

Jefferson 

Navarro 

Montezuma 

Montezuma , 

Gage , 

Cortland , 

Trumbull 

Westchester.... 

Edmunds 

Cortland 

Missoula 

Benton 

Shiawassee 

Logan 

Ida 

Hancock 

Otsego 

Harrison .... 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Henderson 

Henderson 

McKean 

Warren 

Coshocton 

Kearney 

Chehalis 

Meeker 

Worcester 

Sacramento 

El  Dorado 

Callaway 

Howard 

Rapides 

Sumter. 

Fremont 

Dukes 

Saline 

Allen 

Washington..., 

Lane , 

Dane 

Marshall 

Dodge 

Switzerland.... 

Saguache 

Tuscaloosa 

Davidson 

Barbour 

Clay 

Sangamon 

Dunklin 

Woodruff 

Woodruff. 

Macon 

Henry 

San  Diego 

Shasta 

Tehama 

Yolo 

Fremont 

Montrose 

Cumberland... 

Chase 

Brown 

Adams 

Nance 

Phelps 

Sionx ... 

La  Moure 

Wells 

Umatilla. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


274 
1,156 
1,267 
3,238 


932 
1,583 


887 
3,833 
2,522 


1,070 


750 


3,257 


5,277 

391 

3,373 


4,050 

617 

12,664 


7,114 


1,128 
1,501 
1,024 
1,148 


206 
763 

1,518 
801 

2,789 
644 
154 
335 

3,044 
261 


113 
3,031 

642 

579 
1,630 

608 
2.566 


672 
909 
999 
783 
967 
1,169 


1,609 


1,622 
1,092 
1,073 
3,031 
1,151 
1,095 
1,586 
98 
2,173 
841 


676 
1,866 


1,493 

1,139 

713 

761 


518 


700 

954 

1,174 

2,467 

182 

786 

1,283 

547 

658 

3,766 

2,48T 

104 

927 

760 

108 

2,362 

148 

4,387 

160 

669 

869 

298 

6,677 

338 

6,285 

621 

332 

609 

8,590 

697 

15,139 

121 

11,461 

1,337 

1,527 

1,382 

1,032 

2,163 

334 

699 

880 

1,524 

962 

2,518 

777 

837 

527 

3,672 

702 

287 

311 

3,473 

443 

566 

1,613 

760 

3,048 

509 

184 

1,080 

1,029 

847 

717 

1,527 

1,306 

619 

701 

1,401 

265 

2,248 

1,216 

656 

2,622 

1,140 

2,906 

2,018 

429 

1,910 

1,114 

66 

269 

619 

957 

78 

14 

1,490 

952 

69T 

648 

260 

253 

39S 

361 

78 

350 


85 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Cottonwood,  S.D 

C!ottonwood,  Wash 

Cottonwood  Falls,  Kan 
Cottonwood  Spr'gs,  Neb 

Cottrellville,  Mich 

Coudersport,  Pa 

Coulee,  N.D 

Coultereville,  111 

Coultersville,  111 

Coulterville,  Cal 

Council,  Ark 

Council  Bluffs,  Iowa.... 

Council  Creek,  Neb 

Council  Grove,  Kan 

Council  Grove,  Kan 

Council  Hill,  111 

Council  Valley,  Idaho.. 

County  Line,  Ark 

County  Line,  Ga 

County  Line,  Tenn 

Coupeville,  Wash 

Court  House,  Ala 

Court  House,  Ala 

Court  House,  &c.,  Fla... 

Court  House,  Ga 

Court  House,  Ky 

Court  House,  Ac,  Ky... 

Court  House,  Ky 

Court  House,  Ky 

Court  House,  N.C 

Court  House,  S.C. 

Court  House,  Tenn 

Court  House,  W.  Va 

Court  House,  W.  Va.... 
Court  House  Rock,  Neb. 

Courtland,  Ala 

Courtland,  Ala 

Courtland,  111 

Courtland,  111 

Courtland,  Kan 

Courtland,  Kan 

Courtland,  Mich 

Courtland,  Minn 

Courtland,  Va 

Courtland,  Wis 

Courtois,  Mo 

Coushatta,  La 

Coutre,  Mo 

Cove,  Ark 

Cove,  Ore 

Cove,  Ore 

Cove,  W.  Va 

Cove  City,  Ga 

Cove  Creek,  Ark 

Cove  Creek,  N.C 

Coventry,  Conn 

Coventry,  N.Y 

Coventry,  0 

Coventry,  R.I 

Coventry,  Vt 

Covert,  Kan 

Covert,  Mich 

Covert,  Mich 

Covert,  N.Y 

Coveville,  Utah 

Covington,  Ga 

Covington,  111 

Covington,  Ind 

Covington,  Ky 

Covington,  Ky 

Covington,  La. 

Covington,  Neb 

Covington,  Neb 

Covington,  N.Y 

Covington,  0 

Covington,  Pa 

Covington,  Pa 

Covington,  Pa 

Covington,  Pa 

Covington,  Tenn , 

Covington,  Va , 

Covington,  Va , 

Cowan,  Ky 

Cowan,  Mo , 

Cowan,  Tenn 

Cowanshannock,  Pa..... 

Cow  Castle,  S.C 

Cow  Creek,  Ky , 

Cow  Creek,  Ore 

Cowden,  III 

Cowee,  N.C 

Cow  Island,  La. , 

Cow  Lake,  Ark. , 

Cowlitz,  Wash , 

Cowlitz,  Wash 

CowpeuB,  S.C 

86 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

ward 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 


County. 


Oark. 

Asotin 

Chase 

Lincoln 

Saint  Clair 

Potter 

Ramsey 

Randolph.^ 

Randolph 

Mariposa 

Lee 

Pottawattamie. 

Nance 

Morris 

Morris 

Jo  Daviess 

Washington 

Howard 

Carroll 

Moore 

Island 

Cleburne 

Tuscaloosa. 

Sumter 

Bryan 

Garrard 

Meade 

Hopkins 

Muhlenberg 

Camden 

Chesterfield 

Hamblen 

Lewis 

Taylor , 

Cheyenne 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Republic 

Republic 

Kent 

Nicollet , 

Spottsylvania... 

Columbia 

Crawford , 

Red  River 

Pemiscot 

Polk 

Union 

Union 

Barbour 

Whitfield 

Washington.... 

Watauga 

Tolland 

Chenango.. 

Summit 

Kent 

Orleans 

Osborne 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Seneca. 

Cache 

Newton 

Washington.... 

Fountain 

Kenton 

Oldham 

St.  Tammany... 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Wyoming 

Miami 

Clearfield , 

Lackawanna... 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Tipton 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Letcher 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Armstrong 

Orangeburg 

Owsley 

Douglas 

Shelby 

Macon 

Cameron 

Jackson 

Lewis 

Lewis I 

Spartanburg, 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


518 

283 

1,231 

677 


1,280 

690 

224 

878 

18,063 


1,632 

1,042 

595 


637 

682 

90 

1,496 

5,826 


1,372 
2,678 
2,712 
3,096 
2,967 
1,987 
2,357 


2,142 

2,469 
85 

3,183 
580 

1,413 
963 
661 


1,330 
854 
7,597 
1,321 
1,505 


1,296 
631 


2,008 

599 

571 

1,211 

2,043 

1,317 

2,306 

4,519 

911 


1,136 

228 

2.166 


1,415 


1,920 
29,720 
489 
567 
315 
224 

1,176 

1,458 
729 
880 

1,134 
343 
799 

1,893 
436 
395 
764 
222 

2,611 

1,149 
605 
295 
350 

1,066 
306 
347 


112 


352 

12 

770 

193 

1,054 

1,530 

326 

1,075 

598 

626 

948 

21,474 

350 

487 

2,211 

429 

482 

653 

616 

675 

613 

1,837 

7,436 

3,414 

900 

2,167 

2,786 

2,847 

2,706 

1,684 

2,879 

1,968 

2,629 

2,483 

326 

3,284 

679 

1,262 

313 

961 

267 

1,280 

927 

6,967 

1,245 

1,598 

619 

600 

985 

801 

223 

1,986 

785 

824 

1,632 

1,875 

1,166 

2,309 

5,068 

879 

369 

1,381 

325 

1,963 

248 

1,823 

930 

1,891 

37,371 

384 

976 

1,028 

364 

1,151 

1,778 

747 

884 

1,122 

496 

1,067 

2,481 

704 

432 

966 

624 

2,170 

1,148 

686 

93 

702 

1,263 

335 

677 

383 

375 

349 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cox,  Ala 

Cox,  Neb 

Cox  Creek,  Iowa 

Coxe,  Ga 

Coxsackie,  N.Y 

Coxsackie,  N.Y 

Cox's  Mill,  Ala 

Coxville,  Ind 

Coyle,  Ky 

Coyote,  Neb 

Coyote,  N.M 

Coyote,  Ore 

Coyote,  Utah 

Coyote  Lucero,  N.M 

Cozad,  Neb 

Cozad,  Neb 

Crab  Creek,  N.C 

Crab  Grass,  Fla 

Crab  Orchard,  Ill._ 

Crab  Orchard,  Ky 

Crab  Orchard,  Ky 

Crab  Orchard,  Neb 

Crab  Orchard,  N.C 

Crab  Orchard,  Tenn 

Crab  Tree,  N.C 

Crabtree,  N.C. 

Crab  Tree,  Pa 

Cracker,  Ore 

Craftsbury,  Vt 

Craig,  Ark 

Craig,  Ind 

Craig,  Mo 

Craig,  Mont 

Craig,  Neb 

Craig,  Neb 

Craig,  Tenn 

Cranberry,  N.J 

Cranberry,  N.C 

Cranberry,  N.C 

Cranberry,  0 

Cranberry,  Pa. 

Cranberry,  Pa. 

Cranberry  Isles,  Me.... 

Crandall,  Tex 

Crandon,  S.D 

Crandon,  Wis 

Crane,  Idaho 

Crane,  0 

Crane,  0 

Crane  Creek,  111 

Crane  Creek,  Mo 

Crane  Creek,  Ore 

Cranford,  N.J 

Cranston,  R.I 

Crapoville,  La 

Crate,  Minn < 

Crater,  111 

Crawfish  Springs,  Ga.. 

Crawford,  Ala 

Crawford,  Ala 

Crawford,  Ark 

Crawford,  Ark 

Crawford,  Col 

Crawford,  Ga 

Crawford,  Iowa 

Crawford,  Iowa 

Crawford,  Kan 

Crawford,  Kan 

Crawford,  Ky» , 

Crawford,  Me 

Crawford,  Miss 

Crawford,  Mo 

Crawford,  Mo , 

Crawford,  Neb 

Crawford,  Neb 

Crawford,  Neb 

Crawford,  N.Y 

Crawford,  N.C 

Crawford,  0 

Crawford,  0 , 

Crawford,  Pa 

Crawfordsville,  Ind , 

Craw fordsvi lie,  Ore 

Crawfordville,  Fla 

Crawfordville,  Ga 

Crawfordville,  Ga 

Creagerstown,  Md 

Creal  Springs,  111 

Cream  Ridge,  Mo 

Credill,  Ga 

Credit  River,  Minn 

Creek,  Ga 

Creek,  111 

Creek,  Kan 

Creelsborough,  Ky 

CreightoD,  Mo 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

poet-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

poet-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

ward 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post- town 


County. 


Etowah 

Lincoln 

Clayton 

Cobb 

Greene 

Greene 

Barbour 

Parke 

Jackson 

Dawson 

Mora 

Lane 

Garfield 

Mora 

Dawson 

Dawson 

Henderson 

Osceola. 

Williamson 

Lincolm 

Lincoln 

Johnson 

Mecklenburg... 

Carter 

Haywood 

Yancey 

Westmoreland.. 

Baker 

Orleans 

Van  Buren 

Switzerland 

Holt 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Burt 

Dawes 

Campbell 

Middlesex 

Alleghany 

Mitchell 

Crawford 

Butler 

Venango 

Hancock. 

Kaufman 

Spink 

Forest 

Washington 

Paulding 

Wyandot 

Mason 

Barry 

Harney 

Union 

Providence 

Iberia 

Chippewa.^ 

Calhoun 

Walker 

Marshall 

Russell 

Washington 

Yell 

Delta. 

Oglethorpe 

Madison 

Washington 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Breathitt 

Washington 

Lowndes 

Buchanan 


Antelope 

Dawes 

Dawes 

Orange 

Currituck 

Coshocton 

Wyandot 

Clinton 

Montgomery.. 

Linn 

Wakulla 

Taliaferro 

Taliaferro 

Frederick 

Williamson.... 
Livingston.... 

Greene 

Scott 

Dade 

De  Witt 

Sumner 

Russell 

CasB 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


955 


1,042 
1,642 
4,009 
1,661 
965 


932 
313 


292 


876 

'T,109 

2,681 

538 


2,223 
989 
846 
746 


1,381 
612 

1,980 
541 


1,278 

1,599 

602 


1,824 
983 

2,434 
343 


1,202 

5,027 

804 

848 


1,184 
5,940 
3,801 


675 
639 


1,960 
572 
231 


766 
951 

1,261 
893 

2,799 
793 
206 
304 

1,462 

2,862 


1,951 
2,350 
1,431 
2,213 
463 
5,251 


249 

815 

511 

1,054 


1,208 
897 
383 
492 

1,211 


1.438 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Creighton,  Neb. 

Creighton,  Neb 

Crenshaw,  Ala 

Creola,  Ala 

Crescent,  Cal 

Crescent,  Fla 

Crescent,  111 

Crescent,  Iowa 

Crescent,  Pa 

Crescent  City,  Cal 

Crescent  Mills,  Cal 

Cresco,  Iowa 

Cresco,  Iowa 

Cressona,  Pa 

Crested  Butte,  Col 

Crestline,  0 

Creston,  111 

Creston,  Iowa 

Creston,  Iowa 

Creston,  Neb 

Creston,  Neb 

Creston,  N.C 

Creston,  0 

Crestone,  Col 

Crestones,  Col 

Crestview,  Fla 

Creswell,  Kan 

Creswell,  N.C 

Creswell,  Ore 

Crete,  111 

Crete,  111 

Crete,  Neb 

Crete,  Neb 

Crewe,  Va. 

Crews,  Ala 

Crewsville,  Fla 

Crichton,  Idaho 

CridersTille,  0 

Crisfleld,  Md 

Crisfield,  Md 

Crislet,  Minn 

Crittenden,  111 

Crittenden,  Ky 

Crittenden,  Ky 

Crittenden  Grove,Tenn. 

Croatan,  &c.,  N.C 

Crocker,  Iowa 

Crockery,  Mich 

Crockett,  Ark 

Crockett,  Ark 

Crockett,  Cal 

Crockett,  Tex 

Crockett  Mills,  Tenn... 

Crockettsville,  Ky 

Crocus,  Ky 

Crofte,  N.D 

Crofton,  Ky 

Crofton,  Ky 

Croghan,  N.Y 

Croke,  Minn 

Crombie,  Ga 

Cromers,  S.C 
Cromwell,  Conn 
Cromwell,  Ky 
Cromwell,  Ky 
Cromwell,  Minn 
Cromwell.  Pa, 

Cronly,  N.C 

Crook,  Ark , 

Crook,  Col 

Crook,  111 

Crook,  W.Va 

Crooked  Creek,  Ark... 
Crooked  Creek,  Ark... 

Crooked  Creek,  111 

Crooked  Creek,  III 

Crooked  Creek,  Kan. . 
Crooked  Creek,  Ky.... 
Crooked  Creek,  Ky.... 
Crooked  Creek,  Minn. 
Crooked  Creek,  Mo.... 
Crooked  Creek,  N.C... 
Crooked  Creek,  Ore.... 
Crooked  River,  Mo.... 
Crooked  River,  Ore.... 

Crooks,  Minn 

Crookston,  Minn 

Crookston,  Minn 

Crooksville,  Col 

Cropsey,  111 

Crosby,  0 , 

Cross,  Wis. 

Cross  Anchor,  S.C 

Cross  Creek,  N.C 

Cross  Creek,  0 

Cross  Creek,  Pa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township* 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

civil,  dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

I)ost-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Knox 

Knox 

Walker. 

Mobile 

Del  Norte 

Putnam 

Iroquois 

Pottawattamie 

Alleghany 

Del  Norte 

Plumas 

Howard 

Kossuth 

Schuylkill 

Gunnison 

Crawford 

Ogle 

Union 

Union 

Platte 

Platte 

Ashe 

Wayne 

Saguache „ 

Huerfano 

Walton 

Cowley 

Washington 

Lane 

Will 

Will 

Saline 

Saline 

Nottoway 

Coosa 

DeSoto 

Logan 

Auglaize 

Somerset , 

Somerset 

Polk 

Champaign 

Grant 

Grant 

Obion 

Dare , 

Polk 

Ottawa 

Arkansas 

Marion 

Contra  Costa.... 

Houston 

Crockett 

Breathitt 

Cumberland..... 

Burleigh 

Christian 

Christian 

Lewis 

Traverse 

Douglas 

Newberry 

Middlesex 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Clay 

Huntingdon.... 

Columbus 

Drew , 

Logan 

Hamilton 

Boone 

Boone 

Lonoke 

Cumberland.... 

Jasper, 

Meade 

Estill 

Rock  Castle.... 

Houston 

Bollinger. 

McDowell 

Lake 

Bay 

Crook 

Renville 

Polk 

Polk 

Gunnison 

McLean. 

Hamilton 

Buffalo 

Spartanburg. .. 
Cumberland.... 

Jefferson , 

Washington.... 


Population. 


18«0.      1890. 


795 
10 


369 
1,281 


1,027 
557 
419 


1,876 

781 

1,465 


2,848 
364 


5,081 


1,799 
145 


1,763 

539 

2,509 

1,870 


749 


260 
3,009 


1,004 
1,584 

323 
1,663 

322 

790 
1,240 

342 


599 

741 

1,246 

461 


136 
3,374 


772 
2,681 
1,640 
2,108 

200 


1,713 


649 


869 
1,116 


1,116 
2,011 


2,426 


656 
1,285 

749 

83 

1,883 


109 
1,227 


497 
1,043 

700 
2,264 
6,076 
1,711 
1,136 


1,346 
822 

1,346 
331 

1,620 
664 

1,002 
500 
786 
907 
202 

2,018 
415 

1,481 
857 

2,911 
329 

7,200 

7,200 
706 
200 
658 
584 
151 
834 
220 

1,004 
202 
753 

1,688 
642 

3,283 

2,310 
887 
504 
440 
241 
466 

3,980 

1,565 
116 
932 

1,222 
440 

1,799 
376 
850 

1,247 
628 
267 
301 

1,445 

743 

781 

660 

27 

1,948 
428 

3,527 
223 
496 

2,223 

1,987 

1,984 
185 
161 

1,224 
122 
608 
135 

1,548 

1,189 

1,082 
606 

1,260 

2,631 
172 

1,753 

1,178 
621 

1,455 
879 
176 

2,549 
151 
256 
251 

3,457 
123 
643 
949 
671 

2,901 

6,012 

1,682 
966 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cross  Creek,  W.  Va 

Cross  Hill,  S.C 

Cross  Hill,  S.C 

Cross  Keys,  Ala 

Cross  Keys,  Ga 

Cross  Keys,  S.C 

Crossland,  Ala 

Cross  Plains,  Ga 

Cross  Plains,  Wis 

Cross  Roads,  Ala 

Cross  Roads,  Ala. 

Cross  Roads,  Ala 

Cross  Roads,  Fla 

Cross  Roads,  Ga 

Cross  Roads,  Ga 

Cross  Roads,  Ga 

Cross  Roads,  Ky 

Cross  Roads,  N.C 

Cross  Roads,  N.C 

Cross  Timbers,  Mo 

Cross  Village,  Mich 

Crossville,  Ga 

Crossville,  Tenn 

Croswell,  Mich 

Crothersville,  Ind 

Croton,  Mich 

Croton,  Mich 

Crotty,  111 

Crouch,  111 

Crow,  8.D 

Crow  Creek,  Mont 

Crowder  Mount'n,  N.C. 

Crow  Lake,  Minn 

Crow  Lake,  S.D 

Crowley,  Ark 

Crowley,  La 

Crown  City,  0 

Crown  Point,  Ind 

Crown  Point,  N.Y 

Crown  Rock,  Ore 

Crow  River,  Minn 

Crow's  Bluff,  Fla 

Crow  Wing,  Minn 

Croydon,  N.H 

Croydon,  Utah 

Croyle,  Pa. 

Cruger,  111 

Crumby,  Ga 

Crumley,  Ala 

Crumpton,  Md 

Crumpton,  Md 

Crystal,  Ark 

Crystal,  Col 

Crystal,  Idaho 

Crystal,  Iowa 

Crystal,  Iowa 

Crystal,  Kan 

Crystal,  Kan 

Crystal,  Mich 

Crystal,  Mich 

Crystal,  Minn 

Crystal,  N.D 

Crystal  City,  Mo 

Crystal  Falls,  Mich 

Crystal  Lake,  111 

Crystal  Lake,  Mich 

Crystal  Lake,  Minn 

Crystal  Lake,  S.D 

Crystal  Lake,  Wis 

Crystal  Plains,  Kan 

Crystal  River,  Fla 

Crystal  River,  Fla 

Crystal  Springs,  Miss... 

Cuba,  Ala 

Cuba,  Ga 

Cuba,  111 

Cuba,  III 

Cuba,  Kan 

Cuba,  Ky 

Cuba,  Minn 

Cuba,  Mo 

Cuba,  N.Y 

Cuba,  N.Y 

Cub  Creek,  Neb. 

Cubero,  N.M 

Cub  Bun,  Ac,  Ky 

Cucamonga,  Cal 

Cuchillo,  N.M 

Cuchuras,  Col ^ 

Cuckoo,  Va 

Cuero,  Tex 

Cuffey  Cove,  Cal 

Cuivre,  Mo 

Cnivre,  Mo 

Cuivre,  Mo 

Culbertson,  Neb 


Bank  of 

place. 


mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

iwst-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Brooke 

Laurens 

Laurens 

Macon 

DeKalb 

Union 

Tnscaloosa 

Carroll 

Dane 

Landerdale 

Marshall 

Pike 

Bradford 

Catoosa. 

Cherokee 

Pickens 

Grant 

Martin 

Wilson 

Hickory 

Emmet 

Milton 

Cumberland.... 

Sanilac 

Jackson 

Newaygo 

Newaygo 

La  Salle 

Hamilton 

Jerauld 

Jefferson 

Graston 

Stearns 

Jerauld 

Greene 

Acadia 

Gallia 

Lake 

Essex 

Gilliam 

Steams 

Lake 

Crow  Wing 

Sullivan 

Morgan 

Cambria 

Woodford 

Lumpkin 

De  Kalb 

Queen  Anne's. 
Queen  Anne's. 
Montgomery.., 

Gunnison 

Custer 

Hancock 

Tama 

Norton 

Phillips , 

Montcalm 

Oceana 

Hennepin 

Pembina 

Jefferson , 

Iron 

McHenry 

Benzie 

Hennepin 

Aurora 

Marquette 

Smith 

Citrus 

Citrus 

Copiah 

Sumter 

Early 

Fulton 

Lake 

Republic... 

Graves 

Becker 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Jefferson 

Valencia 

Hart 

San  Bernardino 

Sierra. 

Huerfano 

Louisa 

De  Witt 

Mendocino 

Audrain 

Pike 

Saint  Charles. 
Hitchcock 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,946 

2,953 

149 

2,489 

1,212 

1,495 

409 

955 

1,331 


510 

l,a'J2 
595 
926 

1,000 
471 
806 

1,377 
991 

1,132 
462 
691 
99 
447 
435 
807 
118 
738 


2,824 
225 


248 

1,708 

4,287 

97 

137 


608 
248 
1,236 
548 
557 


312 
179 


747 


674 

1,295 

661 


546 

912 

1,019 


644 


915 
1,140 
329 
656 
981 


1,761 

369 

374 

2,203 

1,251 

690 


6,119 
1,333 


3,309 

3,643 

3,820 

704 


2,078 

2,973 

216 

1,726 

816 

1,443 

623 

1,302 

1,103 

1,106 

311 

1,373 

660 

913 

1,119 

373 

697 

1,052 

1,402 

1,536 

484 

605 

266 

604 

699 

706 

126 

1,190 

1,703 

168 

100 

1,098 

438 

161 

612 

420 

235 

1,907 

3,135 

?150 

417 

100 

211 

612 

240 

1,874 

481 

570 

963 

1,983 

317 

112 

88 

54 

223 

656 

411 

616 

1,344 

760 

1,074 

594 

1,104 

1,176 

781 

1,472 

48 

227 

667 

674 

436 

208 

997 

1,189 

381 

1,114 

956 

415 

2,007 

470 

497 

2,328 

1,386 

1,100 

418 

3,212 

416 

177 

417 

4,294 

2,442 

1,346 

3,919 

4,009 

3,262 

654 


87 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Culbertgon,  Neb 

Culdrum,  Minn 

Cullen,  Mo 

Ciilleoka,  Tenn 

Cullman,  Ala 

Cnllnian,  Ala 

Ciillom,  111 

Cullowhee,  N.C 

Culpeper,  Va 

Culver,  Kan 

Culvert,  Col 

Culverton,  Ga 

Cumberland,  Ky 

Cumberland,  Me 

Cumberland,  Md 

Cumberland,  Miss 

Cumberland,  N.C 

Cumberland,  0 

Cumberland,  Pa 

Cumberland,  Pa 

Cumberland,  R.I 

Cumberland,  Va 

Cumberland,  Wis 

Cumberland,  Wis 

Cumberland  Canal,  Md. 
Cumberland  Cent'l,  Md. 
Cumberland  City,Tenn. 
Cumberland  Iron  W'ks, 

Tenn 

Cumberland  River,  Md 
Cumberland  Valley,  Pa. 

Cuming,  Neb 

Cuming,  Neb 

Cuming  City,  Neb 

Gumming,  Ga 

Cumming,  Ga 

Cumming,  Mich 

Cummings,  Pa 

Cummington,  Mass 

Cumru,  Pa 

Cunningham,  Ala 

Cunningham,  Ga 

Cunningham,  Ky 

Cunningham,  Mo 

Cunningham,  Mo 

Cunningham,  N.C 

Cunningham,  S.D 

Cunningham,  Va 

Curdsville,  Ky 

Curdsville,  Ky 

Curdsville,  Va 

Cureton,  Ala 

Curlew,  Fla 

Curllsville,  Pa 

Currahee,  Ga 

Curran,  111 

Curran,  Wis 

Currant  Creek,  Col 

Current,  Mo 

Current,  Mo 

Current  River,  Ark 

Current  River,  Ark 

Current  River,  Mo 

Currituck,  N.C 

Curry,  Ind... 

Curry,  W.  Va 

Curryville,  Mo 

Curtail,  Ky 

Curtin,  Pa 

Curtis,  Col 

Curtis,  Mich 

Curtis,  Neb 

Curtis,  Neb 

Curtis,  W.Va 

Curweusville,  Pa 

Cushing,  Me 

Cusick's  Cr's  R'ds,  Tenn 

Cusseta,  Ala 

Cusseta,  Ga 

Cusseta,  Ga 

Oussewago,  Pa , 

Custar,  0 , 

Custer,  Idaho 

Custer,  111 

Custer,  Kan 

Custer,  Kan 

Custer,  Mich , 

Custer,  Mich 

Custer,  Mich 

Custer,  Minn 

Custer,  Neb 

Custer,  Neb , 

Custer,  Neb „., 

Custer,  S.D 

Custer,  S.D 

Cuthbert,  Ga 

88 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

post-beat 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

district 

district 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

district 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Hitchcock..... 

Morrison 

Pulaski 

Maury , 

Cullman 

Cullman , 

Livingston.... 

Jackson 

Culpeper 

Ottawa 

Ouray 

Hancock 

Letcher , 

Cumberland., 
Alleghany.... 

Webster 

Cumberland.. 

Guernsey 

Adams 

Greene 

Providence.... 

New  Kent 

Barron , 

Barron 

Alleghany.... 
Alleghany.... 
Stewart 


Stewart 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Cuming 

Dodge 

Washington 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Ogemaw 

Lycoming 

Hampshire....^. 

Berks 

Perry 

Jackson 

Carlisle 

Chariton 

Charitou 

Person 

Potter 

Fluvanna 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Buckingham.... 

Henry 

Hillsborough.... 

Clarion 

Habersham 

Sangamon 

Jackson 

Fremont 

Dent 

Texas 

Clay 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Hyde 

Sullivan 

Putnam 

Pike 

Hopkins 

Centre 

Washington 

Alcona 

Frontier 

Frontier 

Roane 

Clearfield 

Knox 

Sevier. 

Chambers 

Chattahoochee 
Chattahoochee 

Crawford , 

Wood 

Custer , 

Will 

Decatur. 

Mitchell 

Antrim 

Mason , 

Sanilac 

Lyon 

Antelope.. 

Custer 

Keya  Paha 

Beadle 

Custer 

Randolph 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


108 

223 
1,252 

199 
1,249 

426 


713 
1,613 
1,111 


933 
719 

1,619 
10,693 

2,058 


519 
1,512 
1,' 
6,445 
1,626 
396 
246 
4,370 
3,782 


1,492 
2,508 
1,270 


1,815 

260 

122 

319 

881 

3,064 

2,201 

1,344 


1,270 

177 

1,331 


2,714 
2,659 

197 
2,491 

749 


145 
1,377 
1,065 


460 
231 


699 

299 
2,055 
2,270 
2,076 

273 
2,240 

624 


1,108 

706 

805 

1,329 

1,398 

1,282 

166 

1,697 

248 


611 


390 
356 
650 
262 
293 


271 
4,215 


460 

675 

1,668 

334 

1,982 

1,017 

200 

353 

1,620 

635 

614 

1,082 

832 

1,487 

12,729 

2,165 

242 

601 

1,583 

1,729 

8,090 

1,708 

1,546 

1,219 

2,343 

2,146 

244 

1,408 

2,204 

1,108 

747 

1,379 

665 

1,855 

356 

197 

422 

787 

3,927 

1,732 

1,631 

1,294 

1,341 

196 

1,390 

122 

2,378 

2,945 

341 

2,359 

412 

461 

154 

1,220 

994 

706 

105 

682 

441 

146 

1,270 

405 

2,274 

2,443 

2,823 

302 

2,654 

546 

233 

364 

706 

378 

1,302 

1,664 

688 

1,676 

1,736 

1,104 

241 

1,468 

329 

134 

545 

215 

443 

411 

1,287 

721 

321 

272 

927 

577 

220 

790 

4,379 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cuthbert,  Ga 

Cutler,  111 

Cutler,  Kan 

Cutler,  Me 

Cut  Off,  Ark 

Cut  Off.  Ga 

Cut  Shin,  Ky 

Cutt's  Old  Field,  Fla.... 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  0 

Cuyler,  N.Y 

Cygnet,  0 

Cylon,  Wis... 

Cynthiana,  Ky 

Cynthiana,  Ky 

Cynthiana,  0 

Cypress,  Ark 

Cypress,  Ark 

Cypress,  Mo 

Cypress,  N.C 

Cypress,  N.D 

Cypress,  S.C 

Cypress,  Va 

Cypress  Creek,  &c.,  Fla. 

Cypress  Creek,  N.C 

Cypress  Creek,  N.C 

Cypress  Creek,  N.C 

Cypress  Ridge,  Ark 

Dabney,  N.C 

Dabney,  N.C 

Dacusville,  S.C 

Dade  City,  Fla 

Dade  City,  Fla 

Dadeville,  Ala 

Dadeville,  Ala 

Dagget  Brook,  Minn.... 

Daggett,  Cal 

Dagnall,  Ala 

Dagsborough,  Del 

Dahlen,  N.D 

Dahlgren,  111 

Dahlgren,  111 

Dahlgren,  Minn 

Dahlonega,  Ga 

Dablouega,  Ga 

Dahlonega,  Iowa 

Daily,  Neb 

Daily,  N.D 

Daingerfleld,  Tex 

Dairy,  Idaho 

Dairy,  Ore 

Dairy  Creek,  Ore 

Daisy,  Tenn 

Dakota,  111 

Dakota,  111 

Dakota,  Neb 

Dakota,  Wis 

Dakota!],  Iowa 

Dalark,  Ark 

Dalbo,  Minn 

Dale,  111 

Dale,  Ind 

Dale,  Iowa 

Dale,  Iowa 

Dale,  Kan 

Dale,  Minn 

Dale,  Mo 

Dale,  S.D 

Dale,  Va 

Dale,  Wis 

Daleville,  Ala 

Daleville,  Miss 

Daley,  Ore 

Dallas,  Ark 

Dallas,  Ark 

Dallas,  Col 

Dallas,  Col 

Dallas,  Ga 

Dallas,  Ga 

Dallas,  111 

Dallas,  Ind 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Mich 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  N.C 

Dallas,  N.C 

Dallas,  O 

Dallas,  Ore 

Dallas,  Ore 

Dallas,  Pa 

Dallas,  Pa 

Dallas,  Tex 

Dallas,  Wis 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

ix>st-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

hundred 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

]K>8t-VilI 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-beat 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

post-twp 


County. 


Randolph.... 

Perry 

Franklin 

Washington, 

Miller 

Walton 

Leslie 

Holmes 

Summit 

Cortland 

Wood 

St.  Croix 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Shelby 

Faulkner 

Phillips 

Harrison 

Franklin 

Cavalier 

Darlington.., 
Nansemond,, 

Calhoun 

Bladen 

Duplin 

Jones 

Monroe,,..... 

Vance 

Vance 

Pickens 

Pasco 

Pasco 

Tallapoosa.,, 
Talla|KX)sa,., 
Crow  Wing,, 
San  Bernardino 

Cullman 

Sussex 

Nelson 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Carver. 

Lumpkin 

Lumpkin,  ,.. 

Wapello 

Dixon 

Barnes , 

Morris 

Owyhee 

Klamath 

Washington, 

Hamilton 

Stephenson.. 
Stephenson,, 

Dakota 

Waushara.... 
Humboldt,.., 

Dallas 

Isanti 

McLean 

Spencer 

Lyon 

O'Brien 

Kingman 

Cottonwood.. 

Atchison 

Jerauld 

Chesterfield. 
Outagamie... 

Dale 

Lauderdale  , 

Baker 

Calhoun 

Polk 

Ouray 

Ouray 

Paulding 

Paulding 

Hancock 

Huntington, 

Dallas 

Marion 

Taylor 

Clinton 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Saint  Clair ,. 

Gaston 

Gaston , 

Crawford 

Polk 

Polk 

Luzerne 

Luzerne , 

Dallas 

Barron 


Population, 


1880,      1890, 


2,129 
865 
901 
829 
577 

1,204 
919 


2,294 
1,382 


716 

6,126 

2,101 

1,805 

605 

898 

797 

1,104 


1,413 
3,084 


673 

1,234 

700 

322 


1,719 


2,242 
740 


186 
2,641 


205 

1,220 

1,164 

602 

536 


267 
830 
237 
248 


1,133 
318 

208 


227 
1,495 


1,815 
1,123 
1,196 
3,080 


515 
176 


1,635 

169 

1,137 

1,433 

715 

1,093 

1,023 

1,731 

1,161 

1,011 

636 

2,747 

417 

500 

1,062 

670 

879 

272 

10,368 

694 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  TIIE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dallasburg,  Ky 

Dalliia  Centre,  Iowa 

Dallas  City,  111 

Dallastown,  Pa 

Dallymount,  Minn 

Dalton,  Ga 

Dalton,  Ga 

Dalton,  Ind 

Dalton,  Ky 

Dalton,  Mass 

Dalton,  Mich 

Dalton,  Mo 

Dalton,  N.H 

Dalton,  0 

Dalton  City,  111 

Daniariscotta,  Me 

Damascus,  Ga 

Damascus,  Md 

Damascus,  O 

Damiisciis,  Ore 

Damnscus,  Pa 

Dame'a  Quarter,  Md 

Damon,  Mich 

Daua,  III 

Dana,  Ind 

Dana,  Mass 

Daua,  Wyo 

Danbury,  Conn 

Danbury,  Conn 

Daubury,  Iowa 

Danbury,  Neb 

Daubury,  N.H 

Danbury,  0 

Danby,  Mich 

Danby,  N.Y 

Danby,  Vt 

Dan  Creek,  Neb 

Dandridge,  Tenn 

Dane,  Wis 

Dane  Prairie,  Minn 

Danforth,  111 

Danforth,  Me 

Daniel,  Va 

Danielson,  Minn 

DauielsTille,  6a 

Dauielsville,  Ga 

Danley,  Ark 

Dannebrog,  Neb 

Dannebrog,  Neb 

Donnelly  Cr's  K'ds,  Ala. 

Daunemora,  N.Y 

Dannevirke,  <fec..  Neb... 

Dan  River,  N.C 

Dan  River,  Va 

Dan  River,  Va 

Dansville,  Mich 

Dausville,  N.Y 

Dansville,  N.Y 

Dauton,  N.D 

Danube,  N.Y 

Danvers,  111 

Danvers,  111 

Danvers,  Mass 

Danville,  Ala 

Danville,  Ark 

Danville,  111 

Danville,  111 

Danville,  Ind 

Danville,  Iowa 

Danville,  Iowa 

Danville,  Ky 

Danville,  Minn 

Danville,  Mo 

Danville,  Mo 

Danville,  N.H 

Danville,  O 

Danville,  Pa 

Danville,  Tenn 

Danville,  Vt 

Danville,  Va 

Daphne,  Ala 

Darby,  Ala 

Darby,  O 

Darby,  0 

Darby,  0 

Darby,  Pa 

Darby,  Pa 

Darbyville,  0 

Dardanello,  Ark 

Dardanelle,  Ark 

Dardenne,  Mo 

Darien,  Conn 

Darien,  Ga 

Darien,  Ga 

Darien,  N.Y 

Darien,  Wis 

7 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag. 
post- 
post 
post 


;.-di8t 
•town 
■town 
■boro 


township 


mil.H 
city 


■dist 


township 


mag. 
post' 


■dist 
■town 


post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil. -dist 

post-dist 

■^       iship 


■prect 
-twp 
t-dist 
t-twp 
:-vill 
;-towi 


town 
post- 
post- 
post- 
post 
post 
post- 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
city 

post-town 
post-prect 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-twp 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
township 
mil.-dist 
post-vill 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
precinct 
post-town 
post-prect 
township 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-prect 
post-twp 
township 
city 
city 

post-twp 
township 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
post-vill 
post-town 
city 

post-vill 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
city 

post-town 
township 


County. 


Owen 

Dallas 

Hancock  

York 

Traverse 

Whitfield 

Whitfield 

Wayne 

Hopkins 

Berkshire 

Muskegon 

Chariton 

Coos 

Wayne 

Moultrie 

Lincoln 

Early 

Montgomery..., 

Henry 

Clackamas 

Wayne 

Somerset 

Ogemaw 

La  Salle 

Vermilion 

Worcester 

Carbon 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Woodbury 

Red  Willow 

Merrimack 

Ottawa 

Ionia 

Tompkins 

Rutland 

Valley 

Jefferson 

Dane 

Otter  Tail 

Iroquois 

Washington 

Campbell 

Meeker 

Madison 

Madison 

Faulkner 

Howard 

Howard 

Cofifee 

Clinton 

Howard 

Caswell 

Patrick 

Pittsylvania 

Ingham 

Livingston 

Steuben 

Richland 

Herkimer 

McLean 

McLean 

Essex 

Morgan 

Yell 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Hendricks 

Des  Moines 

Worth 

Boyle 

Blue  Earth 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 
Rockingham.... 

Knox 

Montour 

Houston 

Caledonia 

Pittsylvania 

Baldwin 

Pike 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Union 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Pickaway 

Yell 

Yell 

Saint  Charles... 

Fairfield 

Mcintosh 

Mcintosh 

Genesee 

Walworth 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,084 

460 
829 
482 


4,485 

2,516 

748 

1,660 

2,052 

471 

199 

570 

486 

280 

1,142 

2,763 


1,415 


2,871 


156 
183 
736 


11,666 


69 

521 

760 

1,599 

1,423 
2,065 
1,202 


431 

1,161 
437 

1,582 
612 
445 
241 

1,022 
128 
222 

1,083 

53 

393 

2,962 


2,127 
3,702 
8,382 
440 
3,625 
1,788 


1,235 

1,755 

460 

6,598 


1,731 

11,659 

7,733 

1,598 

1,459 

529 

3,074 

707 

2,656 

239 

C13 

254 

8,346 

77 

2,003 

7,526 


2,000 
1,126 
1,500 
1,171 
1,245 
1,779 

262 
2,487 

748 
4,056 
1,949 
4,401 
1,643 
2,046 
1,394 


1,163 

445 

747 

779 

162 

4,823 

3,046 

682 

1,667 

2,886 

638 

332 

696 

610 

334 

1,012 

1,449 

1,522 

1,782 

679 

2,442 

946 

976 

221 

495 

700 

253 

19,473 

16,552 

423 

278 

683 

2,146 

1,284 

1,707 

1,084 

256 

451 

1,161 

526 

1,644 

1,063 

838 

706 

1,610 

149 

396 

852 

280 

447 

3,977 

934 

2,033 

4,659 

8,357 

366 

3,758 

1,659 

205 

1,116 

1,665 

506 

7,454 

1,037 

685 

17,768 

11,491 

1,669 

1,228 

678 

3,766 

738 

2,682 

380 

666 

292 

7,998 

107 

1,784 

10,305 

549 

1,856 

1,504 

1,459 

1,176 

2,031 

2,972 

257 

3,055 

1,456 

4,214 

2,276 

4,514 

1,491 

1,964 

1,218 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Darien,  Wis 

Dark  Corner,  .Ga , 

Dark  Corner,  S.C 

Darlington,  Ind 

Darlington,  Kan 

Darlington,  Md 

Darlington,  Mo 

Darlington,  Pa 

Darlington,  Fa 

Darlington,  S.C 

Darlington,  S.D 

Darlington,  S.D 

Darlington,  Wis 

Darlington,  Wis 

Darlington  C.-H.,  S.C 

Darnell,  Ky 

Daraen,  Minn , 

Darnestown,  Md 

Darrow,  La 

Dartford,  Wis 

Dartmouth,  Mass 

Darvill's,  Va , 

Darwin,  111 

Darwin,  Minn 

Darysaw,  Ark , 

Dassel,  Minn 

Dassel,  Minn 

Dauphin,  Pa 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Davenport,  Neb 

Davenport,  Neb 

Davenport,  N.Y v 

Davenport,  N.D 

Davenport,  Wash , 

Davenport  City,  Iowa... 

David,  Ga , 

David  City,  Neb 

David's  Camp,  Alaska. 

Davidson,  Ala 

Davidson,  Ark 

Davidson,  Ark 

Davidson,  Ga 

Davidson,  Ga 

Davidson,  N.C 

Davidson,  Pa 

Davidson  College,  N.C. 

Davilla,Tex 

Davis,  Ark 

Davis,  Ark.- 

Davis,  Ga 

Davis,  111 , 

Davis,  Ind 

Davis,  Ind 

Davis,  Minn 

Davis,  Mo 

Davis,  Mo 

Davis,  Mo 

Davis,  Ore 

Davis,  Va 

Davis,  W.  Va 

Davisborough,  Ga.. .. 
Davisborough,  Ga.... 

Davis  City,  Iowa 

Davis  Creek,  Mont... 

Davis  Mill,  Fla. 

Davison,  Mich 

Davison,  Mich 

Davison,  Neb 

Davis  Shop,  Ala 

Davis  Shop,  Tenn.... 

Daviston,  Ala. 

Daviston,  Ala / 

Daviston,  Ga 

Davisville,  Ala 

DavisvlUe,  Cal 

Dawson,  Ga 

Dawson,  Iowa 

Dawson,  Ky 

Dawson,  Minn 

Dawson,  Mo 

Dawson,  Neb 

Dawson,  Pa 

Dawson,  Tex 

Dawsonville,  Ga 

Day,  Mich 

Day,  N.Y 

Day,  S.D 

Day,  Wis 

Day  Bend,  Ala 

Day  Creek,  Ark 

Day's  Gap,  Ala 

Dayton,  Ala 

Dayton,  Ala 

Dayton,  Ark 

Dayton,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

poBt-town 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Walworth 

Oconee 

Henderson 

Montgomery.. 

Harvey 

Harford 

Gentry 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Darlington 

Charles  Mix.... 

Clark 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Darlington 

Marshall 

Stevens 

Montgomery.... 
Ascension... 
Green  Lake 

Bristol , 

Dinwiddle... 

Clark 

Meeker 

Grant 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Dauphin 

Scott 

Scott 

Thayer , 

Thayer 

Delaware 


Lincoln.. 

Scott 

Banks..., 
Butler... 


Marshall 

Randolph 

Sharp 

Harris 

Jones 

Iredell 

Sullivan 

Mecklenburg... 

Milam 

Grant 

Van  Buren 

Lumpkin 

Stephenson 

Fountain 

Starke 

Kittson 

Caldwell 

Henry 

Lafayette 

Lane 

Shenandoah.... 

Tucker 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Decatur 

Cascade , 

Washington...., 

Genesee , 

Genesee , 

Cheyenne 

Covington , 

Gibson 

Tallapoosa.. 

Tallapoosa , 

Taylor 

Calhoun 

Yolo 

Terrell 

Greene 

Hopkins 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Phelps 

Richardson 

Fayette 

Navarro 

Dawson 

Montcalm 

Saratoga 

Clark 

Marathon 

Autauga 

Miller 

Walker 

Marengo 

Marengo 

Sebastian 

Butte 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


427 

969 

1,437 

468 

472 

171 

64 

1,464 

247 

2,816 


2,599 

1,372 

940 

618 

250 

1.658 


241 

3,403 

3,348 

1,162 

469 

395 

844 

247 

713 

3,704 

21,831 

233 


1,939 


21,831 

907 

1,000 


880 
1,366 


1,004 
594 

2,292 
955 
391 
285 
770 
819 
423 
539 
798 
322 


932 
1,074 
2,944 


2,006 
131 
348 


1,196 

1,636 

163 


189 
1,192 
2,471 


460 
1,178 

441 
1,676 

369 


691 
*463 


850 
2,136 

i,r  " 


3,084 
473 
976 
686 


3M 

681 

1,692 

461 

612 

239 

242 

1,137 

254 

4,112 

326 

160 

2,682 

1,589 

2,389 

858 

322 

1,684 

399 

204 

3,122 

2,961 

1,103 

604 

694 

1,164 

652 

740 

2,8«3 

26,872 

908 

613 

1,789 

437 

396 

26,872 

1,102 

2,028 

66 

1,361 

1,322 

656 

932 

1,034 

2,302 

1,652 

481 

241 

943 

607 

486 

465 

676 

430 

171 

1,340 

1,122 

4,985 

211 

2,940 

918 

1,715 

■     224 

694 

66 

612 

1,617 

456 

240 

290 

1,322 

2,470 

141 

374 

1,326 

647 

2,284 

760 

626 

418 

621 

153 

668 

366 

842 

1,737 

862 

656 

816 

448 

416 

421 

2,891 

412 

971 

810 


89 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dayton,  Idaho 

Dayton,  111 

Dayton,  111 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Kan 

Dayton,  Kan 

Dayton,  Ky 

Dayton,  Ky 

Dayton,  Me 

Dayton,  Mich 

Dayton,  Mich 

Dayton,  Minn 

Dayton,  Mo 

Dayton,  Mo 

Dayton,  Nev 

Dayton,  N.Y 

Dayton,  N.D 

Dayton,  O 

Dayton,  Ore 

Dayton,  Ore 

Dayton,  Pa. 

Dayton,  S.D 

Dayton,  S.D 

Dayton,  Tenn 

Dayton,  Wash 

Dayton,  Wis 

Dayton,  Wis 

Daytona,  Fla 

Dazey,  N.D 

Dead  Fall,  Ala. 

Deadwood,  Cal 

Deadwood,  Idaho 

Deadwood,  S.D 

Dean,  Ala....... 

Dean,  Iowa 

Dean,  Pa 

Dearborn,  Mich 

Dearborn,  Mo 

Dearborn,  Mont 

Dearborn,  S.D 

Dearborn  Cafion,  Mont. 

Dearing,  Ga 

De  Annanville,  Ala 

Deasons,  Ala 

De  Bastrop,  Ark 

Deblois,  Me 

Decatur,  Ala 

Decatur,  Ala 

Decatur,  Ark 

Decatur,  Ga 

Decatur,  Ga 

Decatur,  111 

Decatur,  111 

Decatur,  Ind 

Decatur,  Ind 

Decatur,  Iowa 

Decatur,  Mich 

Decatur,  Mich 

Decatur,  Neb 

Decatur,  Neb 

Decatur,  N.Y 

Decatur,  0 

Decatur,  O 

Decatur,  Pa. 

Decatur,  Pa 

Decatur,  Tex 

Decatur,  Wis 

Decatur  City,  Iowa 

Decatur  Street,  Md 

Deception,  Wash 

Decherd,  Tenn 

Decker,  111 

Decker,  Ind 

Decorah,  Iowa. 

Decorah,  Iowa 

Decoria,  Minn , 

Dedham,  Iowa , 

Dedham,  Me , 

Dedham,  Mass 

Deep  Creek,  Ga 

Deep  Creek,  Iowa 

Deep  Creek,  N.C 

Deep  Creek,  N.C 

Deep  Creek,  Utah 

Deep  Creek,  Va 

Deep  River,  Iowa 

Deep  Riyer,  Iowa 

Deep  River,  Mich 

Deep  River,  N.C 

90 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

district 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Oneida 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Bremer.» 

Butler 

Cedar 

Chickasaw 

Iowa 

Webster 

Webster 

Wright 

Phillips 

Saline 

Campbell 

Campbell 

York 

Newaygo 

Tuscola 

Hennepin 

Cass 

Newton 

Lyon 

Cattaraugus 

Nelson 

Montgomery.... 

Yam  Hill 

Yam  Hill.„ 

Armstrong 

Lincoln «. 

Marshall 

Rhea 

Columbia 

Richland 

Waupaca 

Volusia 

Barnes 

Butler 

Trinity 

Bois4 

Lawrence 

Coffee 

Appanoose 

Cambria 

Wayne 

Platte 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Beadle 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

McDuffle 

Calhoun 

Tuscaloosa 

Ashley 

Washington 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Benton 

DeKalb 

De  Kalb 

Macon 

Macon 

Adams 

Marion 

Decatur 

Van  Buren..„... 

Van  Buren 

Burt 

Burt 

Otsego 

Lawrence 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Mifflin 

Wise 

Green 

Decatur 

Alleghany 

Skagit 

Franklin 

Richland 

Knox 

Winneshiek 

Winneshiek 

Blue  Earth 

Carroll , 

Hancock 

Norfolk , 

Habersham 

Clinton , 

Edgecombe 

Yadkin 

Tooele 

Norfolk 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Arenac 

Guilford 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


711 
221 

769 

636 

1,400 

765 

1,026 

1,268 

239 

149 

270 

459 

3,440 

3,210 

592 

1,688 

1,039 

1,197 

843 

1,166 

391 

1,705 


38,678 
819 
368 
679 


200 
996 
1,109 
801 
321 


1,339 


3,777 


15 

216 

2,094 


401 

2,247 

105 


1,063 


3,018 

639 

10,922 

9,547 

1,905 

1,647 

1,038 

2,248 

1,267 

1,035 

633 

779 

2,043 

1,504 

2,443 

1,406 

679 

1,920 

235 


1,008 
1,233 

933 
4,560 
2,951 

673 


406 
6,233 

862 
1,042 
1,862 
1,259 

174 
2,482 
1,106 


488 
1,066 


1,230 

761 

232 

842 

667 

1,292 

834 

837 

1,694 

669 

620 

426 

486 

4,437 

4,264 

500 

1,968 

1,279 

1,075 

891 

1,403 

676 

1,735 

126 

61,220 

986 

304 

372 

636 

162 

2,719 

1,880 

1,119 

862 

771 

157 

1,321 

286 

24 

2,366 

724 

30 

501 

2,346 

239 

122 

291 

119 

1,972 

1,168 

414 

2,160 

76 

6,903 

2,765 

592 

2,800 

1,013 

18,684 

16,841 

3,142 

1,656 

890 

1,789 

1,109 

1,336 

593 

597 

1,527 

1,493 

4,779 

1,458 

1,746 

2,146 

215 

1,800 

297 

726 

1,094 

1,000 

4,119 

2,801 

1,011 

273 

366 

7,123 

1,040 

1,012 

1,520 

1,491 

117 

2,589 

1,247 

291 

711 

1,008 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Deep  River,  N.C 

Deepwater,  Mo 

Deepwater,  Mo 

Deepwater,  Mo 

Deep  Well,  Neb 

Deer  Creek,  Idaho 

Deer  Creek,  111 

Deer  Creek,  III 

Deer  Creek,  Ind 

Deer  Creek,  Ind 

Deer  Creek,  Ind 

Deer  Creek,  Iowa 

Deer  Creek,  Iowa 

Deer  Creek,  Iowa. 

Deer  Creek,  Kan 

Deer  Creek,  Kan 

Deer  Creek,  Minn 

Deer  Creek,  Mo 

Deer  Creek,  Mo 

Deer  Creek,  Neb 

Deer  Creek,  Neb 

Deer  Creek,  Neb 

Deer  Creek,  0 

Deer  Creek,  0.. 

Deer  Creek,  Ore 

Deer  Creek,  Pa 

Deer  Creek,  Wis 

Deer  Creek,  Wis 

Deerfleld,  111 

Deerfleld,  Iowa 

Deerfleld,  Mass 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Minn 

Deerfleld,  Mo 

Deerfleld,  Mo 

Deerfleld,  Neb 

Deerfleld,  N.H 

Deerfleld,  N.J 

Deerfleld,  N.Y 

Deerfleld,  N.Y 

Deerfleld,  O 

Deerfleld,  O 

Deerfleld,  0 

Deerfleld,  0 

Deerfleld,  Pa. 

Deerfleld,  Pa- 

Deerfleld,  Wis 

Deerfleld,  Wis 

Deerfleld,  Wis 

Deer  Head,  Ala. 

Deerhead,  Kan 

Deerhorn,  Minn 

Deering,  Me 

Deering,  N.H 

Deer  Island,  Ore 

Deer  Isle,  Me 

Deer  Lake,  Mich 

Deer  Lodge  City,  Mont. 

Deer  Park,  111 

Deer  Park,  Md 

Deer  Park,  Md 

Deer  Park,  N.Y 

Deer  Trail,  Col 

Deer  Trail,  Utah 

Deer  Valley,  Col 

Deer  Wood,  Minn 

Deer  Woods,  Minn 

Deflance,  Iowa 

Defiance,  0 

Deflance,  O 

De  Funiak  Springs,  Fla. 
De  Fii  niak  Springs,  Fla. 

Degognia,  111 

De  Graff,  0 

De  Groat,  N.D 

De  Kalb,  Ark 

De  Kalb,  111 

De  Kalb,  111 

DeKalb,  Miss 

De  Kalb,  Miss 

De  Kalb,  N.Y 

De  Kalb,  S.C 

De  Kalb,  Tex 

De  Kalb,  Va 

De  Kalb,  W.  Va 

Dekorra,  Wis 

Delafield,  Minn 

Delafield,  Wis 

De  Land,  Fla 

Delano,  Cal 

Delano,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

beat 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

poet-town 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Moore 

Bates 

Henry 

Henry 

Hamilton 

Alturas 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Carroll 

Cass 

Miami 

Mills 

Webster 

Worth 

Allen 

Phillips 

Otter  Tail 

Bates 

Henry 

Lincoln 

Madison 

Wayne 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Douglas 

Mercer 

Outagamie 

Taylor 

Fulton 

Chickasaw 

Franklin 

Isabella 

Lapeer 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Livingston 

Mecosta 

Steele 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Hayes 

Rockingham.... 

Cumberland 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Morgan 

Portage 

Ross 

Warren 

Tioga. 

Warren 

Dane 

Dane 

Waushara. 

De  Kalb 

Barber 

Wilkin 

Cumberland 

Hillsborough.... 

Columbia 

Hancock 

Lake 

Deer  Lodge 

La  Salle 

Garrett 

Garrett. 

Orange 

Arapahoe 

Pi  Ute 

Park 

Crow  Wing 

Kittson 

Shelby 

Defiance 

Defiance 

Walton 

Walton 

Jackson 

Logan 

RaJmsey 

Grant 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Kemper 

Kemper 

Saint  Lawrence 

Kershaw 

Bowie 

Scott 

Gilmer 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Wausheka 

Volusia 

Kern 

Humboldt 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,096 
1,652 


449 


857 


3,695 

1,607 

1,222 

840 

499 

361 

953 

642 

302 

976 

1,121 


910 

1,636 

1,659 

681 

653 

?300 

1,004 

1,055 

3,543 

521 

999 

1,680 


1,162 

1,093 

868 

1,061 


1,569 

1,643 

2,082 

716 

1,035 

985 

1,475 

2,011 

908 

657 

972 


307 


4,324 
674 
128 

3,266 


941 

850 


195 
11,420 


6,846 
5,907 


688 
965 


745 
2,465 
1,598 
3,146 


3,027 
7,868 


2,449 
1,583 
1,278 
325 
1,451 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Delano,  Kan 

Delano,  Minn 

Delano,  Neb 

Delano,  Pa. 

Delapre,  S.D 

Delavan,  111 

Delavan,  111 

Delavan,  Minn 

Delavan,  Minn 

Delavan,  Wis 

Delavan,  Wis 

Delaware,  Ark 

Delaware,  Ark 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Iowa 

Delaware,  Iowa. 

Delaware,  Iowa 

Delaware,  Kan 

Delaware,  Kan... 

Delaware,  Kan 

Delaware,  Mich 

Delaware,  Minn 

Delaware,  Mo 

Delaware,  Neb 

Delaware,  N.J 

Delaware,  N.J 

Delaware,  N.Y 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  S.D 

Delaware  City,  Del.. 
Delaware  Water  Gap,Pa 

De  Leon,  Tex 

De  Leon  Springs,  Fla.. 

Delhi,  Iowa 

Delhi,  Kan 

Delhi,  La 

Delhi,  Mich 

Delhi,  Minn 

Delhi,  N.Y 

Delhi,  N.Y 

Delhi,  0 

Delhi,  0 

Delight,  Neb 

Dellona,  Wis 

Dell  Prairie,  Wis 

Dell  Rapids,  S.D 

Dell  Rapids,  S.D 

Dell  Roy,  O 

Delmar,  Cal 

Delmar,  Del 

Delmar,  Iowa 

Delmar,  Pa 

Delmore,  Kan 

Del  Norte,  Col 

Deloit,  Neb 

Delphi,  lud 

Delphos,  Kan 

Delphos,  0 

Delran,  N.J 

Del  Rio,  Tex 

Delta,  Ala 

Delta,  Col 

Delta,  Col 

Delta,  Idaho 

Delta,  Iowa 

Delta,  La 

Delta,  Mich 

Delta,  0 

Delta,  Pa 

Delta,  Wash 

Delton,  Minn 

Delton,  Wis 

Deluz,  Cal 

Delzura,  Cal 

Dement,  111 

Deming,  N.M 

Deming,  N.M 

Democrat,  Ind 

Demopolis,  Ala 

Demopolis,  Ala , 

Demorest,  Ga 

Demossville,  Ky 

Dempster,  S.D 

Demum,  Ark 

Denbigh,  Va 

Denison,  111 , 

Denison,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

poBt-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 


Connty. 


Sedgwick 

Wright 

Cherry 

Schuylkill 

Lincoln 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Logan 

Yell 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Ripley 

Delaware 

Polk 

Sac 

Jefferson 

Leavenworth... 

Wyandotte 

Sanilac 

Grant 

Shannon 

Otoe 

Camden 

Hunterdon 

Sullivan 

Defiance 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Hancock 

Juniata 

Mercer 

Northumberl'd 

Pike 

Lincoln 

New  Castle 

Monroe 

Comanche 

Volusia 

Delaware 

Osborne 

Richland 

Ingham 

Redwood 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Hamilton , 

Hamilton 

Custer 

Sauk 

Adams 

Minnehaha 

Minnehaha 

Carroll 

San  Diego 

Sussex 

Clinton 

Tioga 

McPherson 

Rio  Grande , 

Holt 

Carroll 

Ottawa , 

Allen 

Burlington 

Val  Verde 

Clay 

Delta 

Delta , 

Shoshone , 

Keokuk 

Madison 

Eaton 

Fulton 

York 

Whatcom 

Cottonwood 

Sauk 

San  Diego 

San  Diego 

Ogle 

Grant 

Grant 

Carroll 

Marengo 

Marengo 

Habersham 

Pendleton 

Hamlin 

Randolph 

Warwick 

Lawrence 

Crawford 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


630 
407 


434 


2,044 

1,340 

612 

251 

2,560 

1,798 

G06 

309 

1,351 

1,819 

1,523 

3,033 

687 

310 

2,722 

2,620 

1,167 

2,131 

112 

230 

453 

1,481 

3,092 

1,830 

1,505 

8,091 

6,894 

1,455 

1,171 

1,616 

2,037 

804 


1,086 
201 


1,274 

533 

315 

1,538 

156 

2,941 

1,384 

4,738 

238 


580 
500 


260 
664 


130 
410 
2,524 
596 
729 


2,040 
256 
3,814 
1,760 
50 
1,042 


416 
399 
1,608 
859 
269 


223 

857 


1,008 


1,368 
3,519 
1,389 


141 


1,306 

613 

1,844 

2,023 


729 

889 

78 

1,362 

346 

2,140 

1,176 

687 

252 

2,715 

2,038 

740 

262 

1,579 

1,753 

1,214 

3,061 

495 

583 

2,859 

4,847 

1,765 

2,178 

224 

325 

836 

1,457 

3,037 

1,734 

1,717 

9,372 

8,224 

1,580 

1,144 

1,480 

1,864 

799 

491 

969 

467 

364 

235 

1,039 

667 

620 

1,504 

391 

2,908 

1,564 

6,497 

531 

752 

694 

448 

1,488 

993 

611 

306 

360 

618 

3,081 

504 

736 

391 

1,923 

661 

4,616 

2,267 

1,980 

1,153 

1,225 

470 

106 

409 

320 

1,482 

1,132 

565 

236 

298 

829 

105 

88 

978 

1,183 

1,136 

1,362 

4,023 

1,898 

208 

116 

116 

1,518 

588 

2,263 

2,503 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Denison,  Iowa 

Denison,  Pa 

Denison,  Tex 

Denmark,  Ark 

Denmark,  Iowa 

Denmark,  Iowa 

Denmark,  Me 

Denmark,  Mich 

Denmark,  Minn 

Denmark,  N.Y 

Denmark,  0 

Denning,  111 

Denning,  N.Y 

Dennis,  Md 

Dennis,  Mass 

Dennis,  N.J 

Dennison,  0 

Dennysviile,  Me 

Dent,  Ark 

Dent,  Ark 

Dent,  Cal 

Dent,  Kan 

Dent,  Mo 

Denton,  Ky 

Denton,  Md 

Denton,  Md 

Denton,  Mich 

Denton,  Neb 

Denton,  Tex 

Denver,  Col 

Denver,  111 

Denver,  Mich 

Denver,  Mich 

Denver,  Minn 

Denver,  Mo 

Denver,  Neb 

Denver,  N.C 

Denver,  N.D 

Denver,  S.D 

Denverton,  Cal 

De  Pere,  Wis 

De  Pere,  Wis 

De  Peyster,  N.Y 

Deport,  Tex 

Deposit,  N.Y 

Deposit,  N.Y 

Depot,  Ore 

Deptford,  N.J 

De  Pue,  111 

Derby,  Conn 

Derby,  Kan 

Derby,  Pa 

Derby,  Vt 

Derbyshire,  Ga 

Derinda,  III 

Dermid,  Ala , 

Dermot,  Kan 

De  Roane,  Ark 

De  Roche,  Ark 

Derry,  111 

Derry,  N.H , 

Derry,  Pa 

Derry,  Pa 

Derry,  Pa 

Derry,  Pa 

Derry nane,  Minn.... 

De  Ruyter,  N.Y , 

De  Ruyter,  N.Y.  ... 

Des  Arc,  Ark 

Des  Arc,  Ark 

Des  Arc,  Ark , 

Des  Arc,  Mo 

Descanso,  Ac,  Cal.... 

Deschutes,  Ore 

Deseret,  Utah 

Deshler,  O 

De  Smet,  S.D 

De  Smet,  S.D 

Des  Moines,  Iowa..., 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Iowa.... 
Des  Moines,  Minn.., 

Des  Moines,  Mo 

Des  Moines,  Wash... 
Des  Moines  River.Minn 

De  Soto,  Ark 

DeSoto,  111 

De  Soto,Ill 

De  Soto,  Iowa 

De  Soto,  Mo 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

poBt-twp 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

city 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 


County. 


Crawford 

Luserne 

Grayson 

White 

Emmett 

Lee 

Oxford 

Tuscola 

Washington 

Lewis 

Ashtabula 

Franklin 

Ulster 

Wicomico.. 

Barnstable 

Cape  May 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Lawrence 

Woodruff. 

San  Joaquin.... 

Cheyenne 

Iron 

Carter 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Roscommon 

Lancaster 

Denton 

Arapahoe 

Richland 

Isabella 

Newaygo... 

Rock 

Worth 

Adams 

Lincoln 

Sargent 

Kingsbury 

Solano 

Brown 

Brown 

St,  Lawrence... 

Lamar 

Broome 

Delaware 

Baker 

Gloucester 

Bureau 

New  Haven 

Sedgwick 

Montour 

Orleans 

Wilkes 

Jo  Daviess 

Cullman 

Stevens 

Hempstead 

Hot  Spring 

Pike 

Rockingham.... 

Dauphin 

Montour 

Westmoreland. 
Westmoreland. 

Le  Sneur 

Madison 

Madison 

Prairie 

Prairie 

White 

Iron 

San  Diego. 

Wasco 

Millard 

Henry 

Kingsbury 

Kingsbury 

Boone 

Dallas 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Lee 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Polk 

Van  Buren 

Jackson 

Clark 

King 

Murray 

Marion 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Dallas. 

Jefferson 


PopalatioD. 


1880.      1890. 


1,441 

976 

3,975 

299 


937 

904 
1,642 

711 
2,204 

697 
1,164 
1,036 

788 
3,288 
1,812 
1,618 

622 

420 


1,247 


476 


2,727 
469 
210 
381 

1,194 

35,629 

956 

260 

1,112 
104 
218 

3,830 
148 


369 

817 

2,824 

1,194 


1,419 
1,714 


1,620 

323 

11,650 


814 

2,648 

1,499 

944 

296 


3,878 
775 

1,534 

2,140 

2,013 
814 

6,909 
755 
899 

1,684 

586 

99 

648 

1,027 
94 


617 
762 


116 
6,126 

949 
2,169 
1,146 
1,130 

327 

14,006 

22,408 

1,023 

296 
1,062 


153 


1,388 


347 
1,989 


1,782 
97a 
10,968 
561 
261 
817 
76& 

1,820 
72& 

2,276 
749 

1,161 
89T 
960 

2,89» 

1,70T 

2,925 
462 
701 
164 

1,011 
320 
628 
432 

2,801 

641 

75 

463 

2,568 

106,713 

843 

681 

1,066 
290 
296 
766 
186 
147 
935 
321 
969 

3,625 
947 
274 

1,530 

1,664 
524 

3,064 
466 

6,969 
256 
772 

2,900 

1,241 
743 
658 
101 

4,902 
745 

1,176 

2,604 

2,288 
772 

7,163 

1,968 
970 

1,500 
667 
154 
546 
875 
413 

1,173 
463 
661 

1,114 
904 
541 

7,919 

1,171 

2,090 
892 

1,061 
474 
29,334 
60,093 
883 
441 
947 
212 
316 
281 

1,468 
376 
328 

3,960 


91 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


De  Soto,  Neb 

De  Soto.  Wis 

Des  Plaines,  111 

Detour,  Mich 

Detroit,  111 

Detroit,  111 

Detroit,  Me 

Detroit,  Mich 

Detroit,  Minn 

Detroit,  S.D 

Detroit,  Tex 

Devall's  Bluff,  Ark 

De  View,  Ark 

Deyil  Fork,  Ky 

De  Villo,  N.D 

Devil's  Lake,  N.D 

Dewald,  Minn 

Dewese,  N.C 

Dewese,  N.C 

Dewey, Ind 

Dewey  Flat,  Mont 

Dewey  Lake,  Neb 

DeweyvlUe,  Utah 

De  Witt,  Ark 

DeWitt,  111 

De  Witt,  111 

DeWitt,  Iowa 

De  Witt,  Iowa 

De  Witt,  Mich 

DeWitt,  Mo 

De  Witt,  Mo 

DeWitt,  Neb 

DeWitt,  Neb 

DeWitt,N.T 

Dexter,  Iowa 

Dexter,  Kan 

Dexter,  Kan _ 

Dexter,  Me 

Dexter,  Mich 

Dexter,  Mich 

Dexter,  Minn 

Dexter,  Minn 

Dexter,  Mo 

Dexter,  Neb 

Dexter,  N.Y 

Dexter,  N.D 

Dexter,  S.D 

Dexter,  Tex 

Dexter  City,  0 

Dexterville,  Wis 

D'Hanis,  Tex 

Dial,  S.C 

Diamond,  Ark 

Diamond,  Cal 

Diamond,  Ga 

Diamond,  Ga 

Diamond,  Iowa 

Diamond  Bluff,  Wis 

Diamond  Creek,  Kan.... 

Diamond  Hill,  S.C 

Diamond  Lake,  Iowa... 
Diamond  Lake,  Minn... 

Diamond  Peak,  Col 

Diamond  Spring,  Cal.... 
Diamond  Valley,  Kan.. 

Diana,  N.Y 

Diana,  S.D 

Dickens,  Neb 

Dickerson,  Mo 

Dickinson,  N.Y 

Dickinson,  N.D 

Dickinson,  Pa 

Dick  Johnson,  Ind.. 

Dickson,  Ala 

Dickson,  Ark 

Dickson,  Tenn 

Dickson  City,  Pa 

Dighton,  Kan , 

Dightou,  Kan , 

Dighton,  Mass 

Dillard,  Ark 

Dillard,  Ga 

Diller,  Neb 

Dillon,  Col «.. 

Dillon,  Col 

Dillon,  111 

Dillon,  Mo 

Dillon,  Mont 

Dillon,  Mont 

DlUsboro,  N.C 

Dillsborough,  Ind.... 

Dillsburg,  Pa 

Dimmick,  111 

Dimock,  Pa 

Dimondale,  Mich.. .. 
Dingle,  Idaho.- 

92 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post- vi  11 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

township 

post-vill 

jwst-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

poBt-twp 

•ity 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

poet- town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poet-town 

poBt-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 


County. 


Washington 

Vernon „ 

Cook 

Chippewa 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Becker 

Brown „ 

Red  River 

Prairie 

Woodruff. 

Elliott 

Bichland 

Ramsey 

Nobles 

Cabarrus 

Mecklenburg.... 

La  Porte 

Beaver  Head.... 

Cherry 

Box  Elder 

Arkansas 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Saline 

Saline 

Onondaga 

Dallas 

Cowley 

Cowley 

Penobscot 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Mower 

Mower 

Stoddard  

Furnas 

Jefferson 

Bichland 

Codington 

Cooke 

Noble 

Wood 

Medina 

Laurens 

Sebastian 

San  Diego 

De  Kalb 

Gilmer 

Cherokee 

Pierce 

Chase 

Abbeville 

Dickinson 

Lincoln 

Larimer 

Eldorado 

Morris 

Lewis 

Sanborn 

Lincoln 

Lewis 

Franklin 

Stark 

Cumberland 

Clay 

Colbert 

Benton 

Dickson 

Lackawanna. ... 

Lane 

Lane 

Bristol 

Howard 

Monroe 

Jefferson 

Summit 

Summit 

Tazewell 

Phelps 

Beaver  Head.... 
Beaver  Head.... 

Jackson 

Dearborn 

York 

La  Salle 

Susquehanna.... 

Eaton 

Bear  Lake....... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


224 
301 
818 
471 
1,008 
168 
661 
116,340 
554 


186 

1,086 

509 


210 
1,316 
1,915 

238 


339 
169 
1,141 
293 
2,931 
1,608 
1,564 


530 
886 
305 

3,975 
704 
989 
146 

2,563 
873 

1,008 
316 
168 
489 
349 
487 


266 

62 

210 

3,416 


1,065 


490 
534 
994 
2,077 
81 
186 


903 

358 

2,026 


1,646 
2,329 


1,741 

1,076 

1,782 

821 


1,791 
1,201 


1,082 
1,747 


4.32 

456 

1,012 

1,071 

304 


277 

356 

986 

964 

833 

161 

590 

205,876 

1,510 

447 

604 

380 

1,922 

878 

265 

846 

320 

1,401 

1,197 

307 

174 

75 

183 

246 

1,031 

266 

2,437 

1,359 

1,391 

1,356 

633 

1,486 

761 

4,560 

607 

1,314 

371 

2,732 

702 

879 

348 

150 

792 

713 

737 

276 

314 

226 

217 

364 

266 

3,917 

1,271 

86 

709 

616 

472 

472 

1,154 

2,168 

152 

221 

133 

832 

523 

2,396 

466 

321 

1,449 

1,664 

897 

1,731 

1,495 

998 

1,086 

938 

3,110 

618 

304 

1,889 

438 

1,239 

126 

229 

133 

957 

1,747 

1,119 

1,012 

684 

439 

687 

861 

919 

320 

360 


Name  of  pl{M:e  and 
state. 


Dingman,  Pa 

Dinsmore,  O 

Dirtseller,  Ga 

Dirttown,  Ga 

Dismal,  Ala 

Dismal,  N.C 

District,  Pa 

Divide,  Col 

Divide,  Neb 

Divide,  Neb 

Dlx,  111 

Dix,  Neb 

Dix,N.Y 

Dixfield,  Me 

Dixie,  Ala 

Dixie,  Ga 

Dixie,  Ky , 

Dixie,  Ore , 

Dixmont,  Me , 

Dixon,  Ala 

Dixon,  Ala 

Dixon,  Cal , 

Dixon,  111 , 

Dixon,  111 

Dixon,  111 » , 

Dixon,  Kan 

Dixon,  Ky 

Dixon,  Ky 

Dixon,  Md 

Dixon,  Mo 

Dixon,  0 

Dixon,  S.D 

Dixon's  Mills,  Ala.... 

Dixville,  Ky 

Dixville,  N.H 

Dobbs,  Ala. 

Dobbs  Ferry,  N.Y 

Dobson,  N.C 

Dockum,  Tex 

Dodd,  111 

Dodd,  N.D 

Dodd,  Tex 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Kan , 

Dodge,  Mich 

Dodge,  Neb 

Dodge,  Wis 

Dodge  Centre,  Minn. 

Dodge  City,  Kan 

Dodgeville,  Wis 

Dodgeville,  Wis 

Dodson,  Ala 

Dodson,  0 

Doe  Run,  Mo 

Dog  Bluff,  S.C 

Dog  Fennel,  Ga 

Dog  Fennel,  Ky. 

Dog  Fish  Bay,  Wash 

Dogwood,  Ark... 

Dogwood  Neck,  S.C. 

Dolan,  Mo 

Doland,  S.D 

Dollar  Bay,  Mich , 

Dolores,  Col 

Dolores,  N.M , 

Dolph,  Ore 

Dolson,  111 

Dolton's  Station,  111. 

Donalds,  S.C 

Donalds,  S.C 

Donaldson,  Pa , 

Donaldsonville,  La... 

Donegal,  Ga 

Donegal,  Ga 

Donegal,  Ga 

Donegal,  Pa 

Donegal,  Pa 

Donegal,  Pa 

Donegal,  Pa 

Dongola,  111 

Dongola,  111 

Doniphan,  Idaho 

Doniphan,  Kan 

Doniphan,  Mo 

Doniphan,  Mo 

Doniphan,  Neb 

Doniphan,  Neb 

Donna  Ana,  N.M 

Donnelly,  Minn 

Donnelsville,  0 

Dons,  N.D 

Dooley,  Ala 

Dooley,  6a 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

poet-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Pike 

Shelby 

Chattooga 

Chattooga 

Winston 

Sampson 

Berks 

Garfield 

Buffalo 

Phelps 

Ford 

Kimball 

Schuyler 

Oxford 

Chilton 

Brooks 

Henderson 

Polk 

Penobscot 

Cherokee. 

Pike 

Solano 

Edwards 

Lee 

Lee 

Sumner 

Webster 

Webster 

Queen  Anne's.. 

Pulaski 

Preble 

Hamlin 

Marengo 

Mercer 

Coos 

Greene , 

Westchester 

Surrj- 

Dickens 

Jefferson 

Nelson , 

Fannin 

Boone , 

Dubuque 

Guthrie , 

Union , 

Ford , 

Clare , 

Dodge 

Trempealeau... 

Dodge 

Ford 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Tuscaloosa , 

Highland 

Saint  Franfois. 

Horry 

Tattnall 

Fayette 

Kitsap 

White 

Horry 


Spink , 

Houghton 

Montezuma 

Santa  F6 , 

Tillamook 

Clark 

Cook 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Schuylkill 

Ascension 

Jasper , 

Putnam , 

Wilkes 

Butler 

Washington 

Westmoreland. 
Westmoreland. 

Union , 

Union 

Logan 

Doniphan 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Hall 

Hall 

Donna  Ana 

Stevens 

Clark 


Montgomery....      2,588 
Franklin 1,016 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


606 
2,257 

484 
1,620 


1,272 
798 


1,566 


4,168 
913 
995 


384 
1,132 


2,768 


627 
4,241 
3,658 

351 
3,236 

516 
3,763 


1.162 


947 

1,066 

32 


1,747 

T,'6o« 


1,374 
1,144 

460 

497 

1,854 


669 

726 

996 

1,993 

1,547 

961 

1,871 


830 

962 

2.105 


578 

696 

1,831 


1,324 

448 

1,677 


979 

2,600 

644 

951 

800 

2,156 

1,375 

1,242 

183 

2,553 


618 
791 
167 


86 


211 
194 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dooley,  Ga 

DooUttle,  6a 

Doon,  Iowa. ' 

Doore,  Minn 

Dor,  Kan 

Dora,  111 

Dora,  Minn 

Dora,  Ore 

Doraville,  Ga 

Dorcheat.Ark 

Dorchester,  111 

Dorchester,  111 

Dorchester,  Neb , 

Dorchester,  Neb 

Dorchester,  N.H 

Dorchester,  S.C 

Dorchester,  Wis 

Dorcyville,  La 

Doresis,  Ala 

Dorman,  Ala 

Dorp,  Neb 

Dorr,  111 

Dorr,  Mich 

Dorrance,  Pa 

Dorranceton,  Pa 

Dorses  Creek,  Ala.... 

Dorset,  0 

Dorset,  Vt 

Dorsey,  Neb 

Dorsey,  N.M 

Dothen,  Ala 

Dothen,  Ala 

Dotsero,  Col 

Double  Branch,  Ga.. 
Double  Shoal,  N.C.... 
Double  Springs,  Ala. 
Double  Springs  School- 
House,  Fla 

Dougherty,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Ark 

Douglas,  Cal 

Douglas,  Ga 

Douglas,  111 

Douglas,  111 

Douglas,  111 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Kan 

Douglas,  Kan 

Douglas,  Mass 

Douglas,  Mich 

Douglas,  Mich 

Douglas,  Minn 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Ore 

Douglas,  S.C 

Douglas,  S.D 

Douglas,  Wis 

Douglas,  Wyo 

Douglas  City,  Alaska- 
Douglas  City,  Cal 

Douglas  Grove,  Neb 

Douglass,  Kan 

Douglass,  Kan 

Douglass,  Pa 

Douglass,  Pa 

Douglasville,  Ga 

Douglasville,  Ga. 

Dover,  Ark 

Dover,  Ark 

Dover,  Del 

Dover,  Ga 

Dover,  III 

Dover,  111 

Dover,  Iowa 

Dover,  Iowa 

Dover,  Kan 

Dover,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Union ... 

Murray 

Lyon 

Kandiyohi.., 

Smith 

Moultrie 

Otter  Tail.... 

Coos. 

De  Kalb , 

Columbia 

Macoupin.... 
Macoupin.... 

Saline 

Saline 

Grafton 

Colleton 

Clark 

Iberville 

Walker 

Crenshaw.... 

Logan 

McHenry 

Allegan 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Blount 

Ashtabula.... 
Bennington. 
Box  Butte... 

Colfax 

Henry 

Henry 

Eagle 

Milton 

Cleveland.... 
Winston 


Holmes 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Lafayette , 

San  Joaquin. 

Cofiee 

Clark 

Effingham 

Iroquois , 

Adams , 

Appanoose 

Audubon , 

Boone 

Bremer 

Clay 

Harrison , 

Ida 

Madison 

Mitchell 

Montgomery. 

Page 

Polk , 

Sac , 

Shelby , 

Union 

Webster 

Jackson 

Stafford 

Worcester 

Allegan , 

Montcalm 

Dakota , 

Douglas , 

Nemaha , 

Saunders 

Sheridan 

Polk 

Clarendon , 

Hyde 

Marquette 

Converse , 


Trinity 

Custer 

Butler 

Butler 

Berks 

Montgomery. 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Pope 

Pope 

Kent 

Terrell 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Fayette 

Pocahontas.... 

Shawnee 

Mason 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


661 
866 
167 
653 


1,339 
136 
144 


1,198 

69 

963 

309 

585 

2,658 
244 


777 


2,C62 

1,723 

639 


613 
2,006 


1,145 
1,899 


454 


1,845 
766 
614 

4,007 

2,254 

1,132 
715 
314 
781 
871 
506 
526 
176 
937 
715 
849 
905 

1,038 
443 
677 

5,920 
615 

1,051 


2,241 
522 
847 
861 
918 
880 
960 


373 
691 


657 


624 


1,134 

369 

1,151 

1,676 

1,216 

286 

1,243 

368 

2,811 

1,263 

1,341 

239 

1,339 

269 

833 

1.085 


622 
848 
716 
585 
403 

1,310 
433 
149 
485 
568 

1,049 
104 

1,339 
540 
379 

2,538 
350 
605 
641 

1,197 
300 

2,796 

1,670 
742 
586 
367 
668 

1,696 
706 
161 

2,815 

247 

48 

1,213 

2,717 
787 

105 

623 

862 

1,506 

1,287 

531 

4,211 

2,051 

1,230 

463 

786 

1,068 

875 

591 

726 

639 

891 

695 

943 

754 

733 

462 

925 

864 

650 

1,283 

167 

1,908 

404 

968 

666 

477 

2,170 

1,208 

252 

308 

754 

53 

628 

491 

402 

290 

766 

1,321 

737 

1,143 

1,667 

1,827 

863 

1,387 

528 

3,061 

1,735 

1,188 

220 

1,214 

552 

1,094 

1,174 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dover,  Ky 

Dover,  Me 

Dover,  Mass 

Dover,  Mich 

Dover,  Mich 

Dover,  Mich 

Dover,  Minn 

Dover,  Mo 

Dover,  Mo 

Dover,  N.H 

Dover,  NJ^ 

Dover,  N.T 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  Pa 

Dover,  Pa 

Dover,  Tenn 

Dover,  Utah 

Dover,  Vt 

Dover,  Va 

Dover,  Wis 

Dover,  Wis 

Dover  Plains,  N.Y 

Dovray,  Minn 

Dovre,  Minn 

Dowagiac,  Mich 

Dow  City,  Iowa. 

Dowelltown,  Tenn 

Downe,  N.J 

Downer's  Grove,  111 

Downer's  Grove,  III 

Downey,  Cal 

Downing,  Mo 

Downingsville,  Ky , 

Downingtown,  Pa 

Downs,  111 

Downs,  Kan 

Downs,  Kan 

Downsville,  Md 

Doyal,  Mo 

Doyle,  Iowa , 

Doyle,  Kan , 

Doylesport,  Mo 

Doylestown,  0 

Doylestown,  Pa 

Doylestown,  Pa 

Dracut,  Mass 

Dragoon,  Kan 

Drake,  Mo 

Drakesville,  Iowa 

Drakesville,  Iowa 

Draketown,  Ga 

Drammen,  Minn 

Drammen,  Wis 

Dranesville,  Va , 

Draper,  Utah 

Dravosburg,  Pa 

Drawbridge,  Md 

Drayton,  N.D 

Drayton,  N.D 

Draytonville,  8.0 

Dreher,  Pa 

Dresbach,  Minn 

Dresden,  Iowa 

Dresden,  Kan 

Dresden,  Kan 

Dresden,  Me 

Dresden,  Mo 

Dresden,  N.Y 

Dresden,  N.T 

Dresden,  0 

Dresden,  Tenn 

Dresden,  Tenn 

Drewryville,  Va 

Drewsey,  Ore 

Drew's  Valley,  Ore 

Driftwood,  Ind 

Driftwood,  Kan 

Driftwood,  Neb 

Driftwood,  Neb 

Driftwood,  Pa 

Drlggs,  Ark 

Driskill,Ky 

Drum  Creek,  Kan 

Drummer,  III 

Drummond,  Ala. 

Drummond,  Wis 

Drummond  Isl'd,  Mich. 

Drumore,  Pa 

Drury,  111 

Dry  Cedar,  Neb 

Dry  Creek,  Ala 

Dry  Creek,  Cal 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-town 

poet- town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

IKWt-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

district 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post  twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Mason 

Piscataquis.., 

Norfolk 

Lake 

Lenawee 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Lafayette 

Vernon 

Strafford 

Ocean , 

Dutchess 

Athens 

Cuyahoga 

Fulton 

Tuscarawaa.. 

Union 

York 

York 

Stewart 

San  Pete , 

Windham 

Goochland.... 

Buffalo 

Racine 

Dutchess 

Murray 

Kandiyohi..., 


Crawford 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland.. 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Los  Angeles.. 

Schuyler 

Grant 

Chester 

McLean 

Osborne 

Sumner 

Washington.. 
Saint  Clair.... 

Clarke 

Marion 

Burton 

Wayne 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Middlesex 


Macon 

Davis 

Davis 

Haralson 

Lincoln 

Eau  Claire 

Fairfax 

Salt  Lake 

Alleghany 

Dorchester .... 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Union 

Wayne 

Winona 

Chickasaw 

Decatur 

Kingman 

Lincoln 

Pettis 

Washington... 

Yates 

Muskingum... 

Weakley 

Weakley 

Southampton . 

Harney 

Lake 

Jackson 

Rawlins 

Hitchcock 

Red  Willow... 

Cameron 

Logan 

Livingston 

Montgomery.. 

Ford 

Walker.- 

Bayfield 

Chippewa 

Lancaster 

Rock  Island... 

Garfield 

Blount 

Sacramento.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


446 
1,687 

663 

214 
1,465 

120 
1,006 
2,662 

701 
11,687 
2,439 
2,281 
1,736 
1,784 
1,058 
4,107 
1,006 
2,378 

415 
1,712 


621 

3,238 

722 

927 

721 

153 

563 

2,100 

291 

210 

1,687 

3,294 

586 


152 

1,302 

1,480 

1,356 

465 

232 

1,013 

838 

1,064 

1,489 

832 

1,040 

1,845 

2,070 

1,595 

800 

425 

685 

300 

1,178 

142 

401 

2,567 

465 

850 

1,187 


62 

2,187 

996 

326 

711 


1,032 

1,101 

730 

366 

1,204 

3,244 

314 

2,506 


982 


308 
449 
504 


1,388 

873 

2,383 


3,186 
1,234 


948 


515 

1,942 

727 

303 

1,361 

158 

936 

3,051 

1,127 

12,790 

2,880 

1,863 

1.880 

1,978 

1,049 

5,448 

1,000 

2,349 

466 

1,636 

154 

524 

2,907 

757 

924 

662 

318 

586 

2,806 

461 

233 

1,793 

4,843 

960 

3,538 

406 

1,254 

1,920 

1,330 

938 

762 

1,026 

938 

939 

1,549 

933 

1,131 

1,733 

2,519 

1,996 

734 

666 

617 

303 

1,462 

258 

556 

2,994 

996 

1,089 

1,095 

667 

318 

2,005 

712 

526 

824 

332 

872 

1,043 

960 

636 

348 

1,247 

3,621, 

420 

2,498 

183 

183 

1,066 

586 

131 

273 

628 

892 

1,616 

856 

2,997 

401 

696 

496 

1,484 

1,130 

191 

868 


93 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dry  Creek,  Idaho 

Dry  Creek,  Mo 

Dry  Creek,  Mo 

Dry  Creek,  Neb 

Dry  Creek,  Neb 

Dryden,  Mich 

Dryden,  Mich 

Dryden,  Minn 

Dryden,  N.T 

Dryden,  N.Y 

Dry  Fork,  Ark 

Dry  Fork,  Ky 

Dry  Fork,  Ore 

Dry  Fork,  W.  Va 

Dry  Fork,  W.  Va 

Dry  Grove,  111 

Dry  Lake,  Ga 

Dry  Lake,  N.D 

Dry  Point,  111 

Dry  Prairie,  Fla 

Dry  Ridge,  Ky 

Dry  Bun,  Ark 

Dry  Run,  S.D 

Dry  Town,  Ark 

Dry  Valley,  Ga 

Drywood,  Kan 

Drywood,  Mo , 

Duane,N.Y 

Dnanesburg,  N.T 

Dublin,  Ala , 

Dublin,  Ala 

Dublin,  Ga 

Dublin,  Ga 

Dublin,  Ga , 

Dublin,  Ind 

Dublin,  Md 

Dublin,  Md 

Dublin,  Minn 

Dublin,  Neb 

Dublin,  N.H 

Dublin,  O 

Dublin,  0 , 

Dublin,  Pa , 

Dublin,  Pa 

Dublin,  Tex 

Dublin,  Va. 

Dublin,  Va 

Dubois,  111 

Dubois,  111 

Du  Bois,  Neb 

Du  Bois,  Pa 

Daboistown,  Pa 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Duchouquet,  0 

Duck  Creek,  Del 

Duck  Creek,  Ind 

Duck  Creek,  Kan 

Duck  Creek,  Mo 

Duck  Hill,  Miss 

Duck  Hill,  Miss 

Duck  Springs,  Ala 

Ducktown,  Tenn 

Dudley,  111 

Dudley,  Ind 

Dudley,  Kan , 

Dudley,  Mass 

Dudley,  O 

Dudley,  Pa , 

Dudley,  S.D 

Dudley  Lake,  Ark 

Dndleyville,  Ala , 

Due  West,  S.C 

Due  West,  S.C 

Dufur,  Ore 

Dngger's  Ferry,  Tenn 

Dug  Road,  Ga 

Duke  Centre,  Pa 

Dukedom,  Ky 

Dukedom,  Tenn 

Duluth,  Ga. 

Duluth,  Ga 

Duluth,  Minn 

Duluth,  Minn 

Dnizura,  Cal 

Dumfries,  Va 

Dummer,  N.H 

Dummerston,  Vt 

Dumont,  Col 

Dunbar,  Minn 

Dunbar,  N.D 

Dunbar,  Pa 

Dunbar,  Pa 

Dunbarton,  N.H 

Duncan,  Ark 

Duncan,  111 

94 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

district 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post  boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

township 

hundred 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

mil.'  "" 

post 

mag, 

civil 

mil 


.-dist 
-vill 
;.-dist 
1-dist 

-dist 

post-vill 
township 
city 
post-prect 


•dist 
■town 


mag. 
post-' 
post-town 


post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Ada 

Howell 

Maries 

Dawes 

Pierce 

Lapeer 

Lapeer , 

Sibley 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Carroll 

Lawrence 

Morrow 

Randolph 

Tucker 

McLean 

Brooks , 

Ramsey 

Shelby 

Manatee 

Grant 

Dallas 

Hughes 

Izard 

Walker 

Bourbon 

Vernon 

Franklin 

Schenectady 

Dallas 

Montgomery.... 

Butts 

Laurens 

Laurens „.. 

Wayne 

Harford 

Somerset 

Swift 

Boone 

Cheshire 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Fulton 

Huntingdon 

Erath 

Pulaski.. 

Pulaski 

Washington 

Washington 

Pawnee 

Clearfield 

Lycoming 

Dubuque 

Dubuque 

Auglaize 

Kent 

Madison 

Wilson 

Stoddard 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Etowah 

Polk 

Edgar 

Henry 

Haskell 

Worcester 

Hardin 

Huntingdon 

Aurora 

Jefferson 

Tallapoosa 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Wasco 

Carter 

Pickens 

McKean 

Graves 

Weakley 

Gwinnett 

Gwinnett 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

San  Diego 

Prince  William 

Coos 

Windham.... 
Clear  Creek. 

Faribault 

Sargent 

Fayette , 

Fayette 

Merrimack., 

Monroe 

Mercer 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


601 
625 


379 

1,535 

200 

625 

4,805 

779 

274 

1,244 


1,268 

639 

1,147 

1,574 


2,305 


556 
251 

1,497 
593 
285 

2,995 
874 

1,967 
829 

1,919 
574 

1,070 

5,058 

1,574 
484 
190 
456 
314 

2,027 
931 
925 
264 

3,959 
285 


274 


2,718 

662 

1,399 

22,254 

4,971 

4,241 

1,110 

577 

1,646 

2,786 

151 

1,040 


175 
1,544 


2,803 

1,418 

203 


908 
1,584 
2,457 

44Sr 


1,049 

725 

2,068 

1,076 

1,015 

892 

242 

160 

838 


1,033 
464 
816 


369 
6,327 


708 

1,730 

932 


130 

1,482 
910 
493 

1,214 

1,378 
322 
656 

4,043 
663 
349 

1,475 
13 

1,805 
930 

1,092 
978 
181 

2,409 
226 

1,245 
488 
161 
534 
299 

1,540 

1,665 
421 

2,557 
601 

1,570 
873 

3,015 
862 
806 

5,633 

1,526 
154 
388 
582 
296 

2,625 
941 
967 

2,025 

7,253 
410 

1,271 
304 
316 

6,149 
697 

1,484 
30,311 

5,925 

4,372 

1,325 
559 

2,383 

2,661 
332 
969 
221 
147 

1,395 
68 

2,944 

1,415 
281 
211 

2,165 

1,551 

3,120 
644 
425 
717 

1,026 
924 

1,196 

1,123 

1,072 

319 

345 

33,115 

88 

1,091 
465 
860 
139 
612 
185 
10,503 

1,381 
524 

2,494 
733 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Duncan,  Mich 

Duncan,  Mo 

Duncan,  Pa 

Duncan  Creek,  N.C 

Duncan  Creek,  N.C 

Duncannon,  Pa 

Duncan  Retreat,  Utah. 

Duncansville,  Pa 

Duncanville,  Ga 

Dundaff,  Pa 

Dundas,  Minn 

Dundee,  111 

Dundee,  Mich 

Dundee,  Mich 

Dundee,  N.Y 

Dundee,  N.D 

Dundee,  Ore 

Dunellen,  N.J 

Dungan,  &c.,  Tenn 

Dunham,  III 

Dunham,  0 

Dunkard,  Pa 

Dunkirk,  Ind „.... 

Dunkirk,  N.Y 

Dunkirk,  0 

Dunkirk,  Wis 

Dunklin,  S.C 

Dunlap,  Ala. 

Dunlap,  Iowa. 

Dunlap,  Kan 

Dnnlap,  Tenn 

Donleith,  III 

Dunmor,  Ky 

Dunmore,  Pa , 

Dunn,  Minn 

Dunn,  Neb 

Dunn,  N.C 

Dunn,  N.C 

Dunn,  Wis 

Dunn,  Wis 

Dunn  Chapel,  Ga , 

Dunnellon,  Fla 

Dunnellon,  Fla 

Dunning,  Neb 

Dunning,  Pa 

Dunnington,  Ark 

Dunn  Rock,  N.C 

Dunnville,  Ky 

Dunreitb,  Ind 

Dunstable,  Mass 

Dunstable,  Pa 

Dununuk,  Alaska 

Du  Page,  111 

Du  Plain,  Mich 

Duplin  Road,  N.C 

Du  Pont,  Ga 

Dupont,  0 

Dupont,  Wis 

Duprees,  Ga 

Duquoin,  111 

Duquoin,  111 

Durand,  111 

Durand,  111 

Durand,  Mich 

Durand,  Wis 

Durand,  Wis 

Durango,  Col 

Durant„Iowa 

Durant,  Miss 

Durbin,  Ky 

Durbin,  Ky 

Durbin,  N.D 

Durdin,  Ga 

Durham,  Ark 

Durham,  Conn 

Durham,  III 

Durham,  Kan 

Durham,  Kan 

Durham,  Me 

Durham,  N.H 

Durham,  N.Y 

Durham,  N.C 

Durham,  N.C 

Durham,  Pa 

Durham ville,  N.Y 

Durrow,  Ala 

Dushore,  Pa 

Dustin,  Neb 

Dutch  Bottom,  Tenn.... 

Dutch  Creek,  Ark 

Dutch  Creek,  Iowa 

Dutch  Flat,  Cal 

Dutch  Fork,  S.C 

I  Dutch  Mills,  Ark 

I  Dutchville,  N.C 

!  Dutton  Store,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-^^ll 

post-vill 

I)Ost-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

township 

poet-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

village 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 


County. 


Houghton 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Cleveland 

Rutherford.... 

Perry 

Washington... 

Blair 

Thomas 

Susquehanna.. 

Rice 

Kane 

Monroe.„ 

Monroe 

Yates 

Walsh 

Yam  Hill 

Middlesex 

Carter. 

McHenry 

Washington... 

Greene 

Jay 

Chautauqua... 

Hardin 

Dane 

Greenville 

Saint  Clair 

Harrison 

Morris 

Sequatchie 

Jo  Daviess 

Muhlenberg... 
Lackawanna... 

Otter  Tail 

Blaine 

Franklin 

Harnett 

Dane 

Dunn 

Columbia , 

Citrus , 

Marion , 

Blaine 

Lackawanna. .. 

Jefferson 

Transylvania.. 

Casey 

Henry 

Middlesex 

Clinton 


Will 

Clinton 

Duplin 

Clinch 

Putnam 

Waupaca 

Pulaski 

Perry 

Perry 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Shiawassee 

Pepin 

Pepin 

La  Plata 

Cedar 

Holmes 

Boyd 

Edmonson 

Cass 

Morgan 

Washington.... 

Middlesex 

Hancock 

Marion 

Ottawa 

Androscoggin.. 

Strafford 

Greene 

Durham 

Durham 

Bucks  

Oneida 

Pickens 

Sullivan 

Holt 

Cocke 

Yell 

Washington.... 

Placer 

Lexington 

Washington.. .. 

Granville 

Jackson 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


1, 
1,791 
1,456 
750 
1,027 
79 


2,337 
171 

589 
2,799 
3,242 

932 
1,025 


817 

983 

966 

900 

1,494 

662 

7,248 

1,311 

1,283 

2,007 


1,246 
247 
133 

1,276 


5,151 
137 


1,309 


1,140 
1,115 
1,114 


259 
578 
70 
149 
453 
576 


1,101 

1,862 

144 

555 

166 

654 

1,181 

5,640 

2,807 

1,284 

530 

210 

237 

642 


476 

724 

847 

1,090 


649 


990 
1,073 


l,25t. 
962 
2,173 
5,507 
2,041 
1,420 


383 
377 


1,491 
673 

1,032 
939 

2,074 


2,300 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Duty,  Ark 

DuTal,  Mo ....•■ 

Duvall,  W.Va 

Duxbury,  Mass 

Duxbury,  Vt 

Dwight,  111 

Dwight,  111 

Dwight,  Mich 

Dwight,  N.D 

Dyberry,  Pa 

Dycusburg,  Ky 

Dyer,  Ark 

Dyer  Creek,  Tenn 

Dyer  Hill,  Ky 

Dyersburg,  Tenn 

Dyer  Station,  Tenn 

Dyer  Station,  Tenn 

Dyersville,  Iowa 

Dyke,  Tenn 

Dysart,  Iowa. 

Dysortville,  N.C 

Eadonia,  Wash 

Eads,  Col 

Dagan,  Minn 

Eagle,  Ark , 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Idaho 

Eagle,  111 

Eagle,  111 

Eagle,  Ind 

Eagle,  Iowa 

Eagle,  Iowa 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Mich 

Eagle,  Mich 

Eagle,  Mo 

Eagle,  Neb 

Eagle,  N.T 

Eagle,  N.D 

Eagle,  0 

Eagle,  O 

Eagle,  0 

Eagle,  S.D 

Eagle,  S.D 

Eagle,  W.  Va 

Eagle,  Wis 

Eagle,  Wis 

Eagle  Bend,  Minn 

Eagle  Creek,  Ala 

Eagle  Creek,  111 

Eagle  Creek,  Ind 

Eagle  Creek,  Minn 

Eagle  Creek,  Ore 

Eagle  Grove,  Iowa 

Eagle  Grove,  Iowa 

Eagle  Harbor,  Alaska.. 
Eagle  Harbor,  Mich.... 

Eagle  Lake,  Minn 

Eagle  Lake,  Tex 

Eagle  Mills,  N.C 

Eagle  Point,  111 

Eagle  Point,  Wis 

Eagle  River,  Wis 

Eagle  River,  Wis 

Eagle  Rock,  Col 

Eagle  Rock,  Idaho 

Eagle  Rock,  Va 

Eagleswood,  N.J 

Eagle  Valley,  Minn.... 

Eagle  Valley,  Ore 

Eagleville,  Mo 

Eagle ville,  Tenn 

Earbee,  Ala 

Earl,  111 

Earl,  Pa 

Earl,  Pa 

Earlham,  Iowa 

Earlington,  Ky 

Earlville,  III 

Earlville,  Iowa 

Earlville,  N.T 

Earlville,  N.Y 

Early,  Iowa 

Earneatville,  Fla , 

Easley,  Mo 

Easley,  S.C 

Easley,  S.C 

Easonville,  Ala 

East,  Ala 

East,  Mo 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

naag.-dist 

township 

civil-dist 

mag.-diat 

city 

civil-dist 

village 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Lawrence 

Jasper 

Lincoln 

Plymouth 

Washington.. 
Livingston ... 
Livingston ... 

Huron 

Richland 

Wayne 

Crittenden.... 

Saline 

Stewart 

Livingston ... 

Dyer 

Gibson 

Gibson 

Dubuque 

Hamblen 

Tama 

McDowell 

Lewis 

Kiowa 

Dakota 

Bradley 

Lonoke 

Polk 

Sebastian 

Pulaski 

Shoshone 

La  Salle 

Monroe 

Boone 

Black  Hawk.. 

Sioux 

Barber 

Harper 

Kingman 

Sedgwick 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Macon 

Cheyenne 

Wyoming 

Richland 

Brown 

Hancock 

Vinton 

Brul6 

Hyde 

Harrison , 

Richland 

Wausheka. ... 

Todd 

Tallapoosa.... 

Gallatin 

Lake 

Scott 

Clackamas. ... 

Wright 

Wright 


Keweenaw . 
Otter  Tail... 

Colorado 

Iredell 

Ogle 

Chippewa ... 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Boulder , 

Bingham...., 
Botetourt.... 

Ocean 

Todd 

Union 

Harrison 

Rutherford. 

Sumter 

La  Salle 

Berks 

Lancaster... 

Madison 

Hopkins 

La  Salle 

Delaware.... 
Chenango... 

Madison 

Sac 

Pasco 

Macon 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Saint  Clair.. 

Monroe 

Madrid 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


727 

946 
1,244 
2,196 

884 
2,170 
1,296 

933 


1,020 

1,384 

434 

929 

1,615 

1,010 

1,692 

401 

975 


516 
1,215 


645 
275 
728 


1,300 


1,205 

2,242 

2,204 

748 


540 

1,340 

120 

829 


1,203 


1,249 
1,284 
1,044 


1,813 
1,303 
1,155 


1,700 
967 
721 
759 
520 
303 


527 
457 
406 

1,161 
687 

2,564 


592 
156 
223 
453 
134 
491 
2,034 
1,141 
3,541 
260 
907 
963 
450 
293 
293 


743 

3,030 

327 


1,086 
201 


1,274 

970 

1,523 

1,908 

912 

2,174 

1,354 

1,424 

714 

654 

1,493 

319 

1,058 

1,739 

2,009 

2,082 

606 

1,272 

721 

775 

1,105 

260 

164 

743 

214 

353 

452 

507 

2,016 

56 

2,368 

2,108 

1,982 

693 

384 

381 

274 

359 

642 

1,246 

141 

830 

208 

1,131 

659 

1,220 

1,137 

988 

362 

116 

2,123 

1,153 

1,020 

306 

1,.340 

1,187 

647 

716 

421 

2,355 

1,881 

77 

576 

692 

769 

1,080 

599 

1,282 

1,243 

1,154 

213 

1,588 

223 

791 

696 

349 

305 

275 

946 

2,020 

927 

3,678 

302 

1,748 

1,058 

669 

536 

536 

277 

266 

873 

3,459 

421 

1,314 

634 

400 


Name  of  place  and 
stat^. 


East,  0 

Easta  Boga,  Ala 

East  Albany,  Ore 

East  Allen,  Pa 

East  Allentown,  Pa 

East  Amwell,  N.J 

East  Armuchee,  Ga 

Eastatoe,  N.C 

Eastatoe,  S.C 

East  Aurora,  N.Y 

East  Bakersfield,  Cal.... 

East  Bangor,  Pa 

East  Bay,  Mich 

East  Beardstown,  111.... 
East  Bear  River,  Cal.... 

East  Bend,  111 

East  Bend,  N.C 

East  Berlin,  Md 

East  Berlin,  Pa 

East  Bernstadt,  Ky 

East  Bethlehem,  Pa 

East  Birmingham,  Ala. 
East  Bloomfield,  N.Y.... 

East  Boone,  Mo 

East  Boyer,  Iowa 

East  Bradford,  Pa 

East  Brady,  Pa 

East  Branch,  Kan 

East  Brandywine,  Pa... 
East  Bridge  water,  Mass 

East  Brook,  Me 

East  Brunswick,  N.J... 

East  Brunswick,  Pa 

East  Buffalo,  Pa 

East  Butte,  Ore 

East  Cairo,  Ky 

East  Calhoun,  Ky 

East  Cain,  Pa 

East  Cape  Girardeau,  111 

East  Carondelet,  111 

East  Centre,  Mo 

East  Chain,  Minn 

East  Chehalem,  Ore 

East  Chester,  N.Y........ 

East  Chicago,  Ind 

East  China,  Mich 

East  Chotean,  S.D 

East  Cleveland,  0 

East  Cocalico,  Pa 

East  Conemaugh,  Pa.... 
East  Connersville,  Ind. 

East  Coventrj',  Pa 

East  Dallas,  Mo 

East  Dalles,  &c.,  Ore.... 

East  Deer,  Pa 

East  Deerfield,  111 

East  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

East  Dover,  Del 

East  Donegal,  Pa 

East  Drumore,  Pa 

East  Dubuque,  111 

East  Dundee,  111 

East  Earl,  Pa 

East  El  Dorado,  111 

Eastern,  111 

Eastern,  Minn 

Eastern,  Neb 

Eastern,  &c..  Neb 

East  Fiiirfleld,  Pa 

East  Fallowfield,  Pa 

East  Fallowfield,  Pa 

East  Ferndale,  Wash.... 

East  Finley,  Pa 

East  Fishkill,  N.Y 

Eastford,  Conn 

East  Fork,  Ark 

East  Fork,  Idaho 

East  Fork,  111 

East  Fork,  III 

East  Fork,  Ky 

East  Fork,  Ky 

East  Fork,Ky 

East  Fork,  N.C 

East  Franklin,  Pa 

East  Frostburg,  Md 

East  Galena,  111 

East  Gallatin,  Mont 

East  Germantowu,  Ind. 

East  Glasgow,  Ga 

East  Goshen,  Pa 

East  Granby,  Conn 

East  Grand  Forks.Mlnn 
East  Greenbush,  N.Y... 

East  Greene,  Mo 

East  Greenville,  Pa 

East  Greenwich,  N.J... 


Banker 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

to^vnship 

township 

post-twp 

district 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

borough 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

township 

township 

city 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

district 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 


County. 


Carroll 

Talladega 

Linn 

Northampton.., 

Lehigh 

Hunterdon.. 

Walker 

Transylvania..., 

Pickens 

Erie 

Kern 

Northampton... 
Grand  Traverse 

Cass , 

Yuba 

Champaign., 

Yadkin 

Worcester.. 

Adams 

Laurel 

Washington 

Jefferson , 

Ontario 

Bates 

Crawford 

Chester 

Clarion 

Marion 

Chester 

Plymouth..., 

Hancock 

Middlesex.... 
Schuylkill.... 

Union 

Washington 

Ballard 

McLean , 

Chester , 

Alexander.., 
Saint  Clair.., 

Greene 

Martin 

Yam  Hill 

Westchester, 

Lake 

Saint  Clair... 

Douglas , 

Cuyahoga..., 
Lancaster.... 

Cambria 

Fayette 

Chester 

Webster 

Wasco 

Alleghany.., 

Lake 

Mahaska 

Kent 

Lancaster.... 
Lancaster..., 
Jo  Daviess... 

Kane 

Lancaster 

Saline 

Franklin 

Otter  Tail... 

Knox 

Pierce 

Crawford...., 

Chester , 

Crawford 

Whatcom.... 
Washington. 
Dutchess  ... 
Windham.... 

Faulkner 

Alturas 

Clinton 

Montgomery.... 

Boyd 

Lawrence 

Metcalfe 

Haywood 

Armstrong ... 
Alleghany.... 
Jo  Daviess.,.. 

Gallatin 

Wayne 

Thomas 

Chester 

Hartford 

Polk 

Rensselaer.... 

Lawrence 

Montgomery. 
Gloucester — 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


868 
1,327 


1,195 

516 

1,696 

1,178 

663 

1,167 

1,109 

242 

335 

654 


975 

949 

1,530 

2,831 

510 


1, 


2,527 


529 
1,0.54 
1,242 


1,011 
2,710 
289 
3,272 
1,544 
1,010 


81 

1,270 

539 

734 


142 

481 
8,737 


337 


3,673 

2,226 

756 

193 

1,259 


1,253 


5,028 
3,126 


1,037 

849 

3,028 

l,r 

1,647 
244 
416 


748 
1,461 
1,306 


1,332 

2,574 

856 

708 


835 

1,798 

1,088 

626 

822 

399 

1,695 

3,278 

2,012 


451 
829 
724 
764 


2,127 


331 


640 

1,369 

1,276 

1,104 

699 

1,375 

1,291 

626 

1,117 

1,582 

622 

804 

1,018 

405 

1,029 

1,122 

1,8.54 

2,898 

695 

1,813 

1,757 

308 

2,039 

771 

686 

1,043 

1,228 

572 

995 

2,911 

246 

4,438 

1,462 

1,107 

1,112 

348 

1,312 

256 

502 

404 

1,183 

394 

1,268 

15,442 

1,265 

294 

93 

5,773 

2,674 

1,158 

458 

1,219 

869 

4,207 

1,683 

2,890 

1,831 

6,125 

3,384 

1,602 

1,067 

1,150 

3,445 

2,347 

1,832 

385 

313 

663 

572 

1,505 

1,199 

350 

1,291 

2,176 

561 

894 

135 

789 

2,190 

965 

807 

883 

641 

1,675 

1,672 

1,910 

541 

338 

1,206 

684 

661 

795 

2,171 

1,178 

639 

1,259 


95 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


East  Greenwich,  B.I, 

East  Grove,  111 

East  Gueda  Spr'gs,  Kan. 

East  Guthrie,  Okla 

East  Haddam,  Conn 

East  Hagerstown,  Md... 

Eastham,  Mass 

East  Hamburg,  N.Y 

Easthampton,  Mass 

Easthampton,  N.J 

East  Hampton,  N.Y 

East  Hauover,  Pa 

East  Hanover,  Pa 

East  Hartford,  Conn.... 

East  Haven,  Conn 

East  Haven,  Conn 

East  Helena,  Mont 

East  Hempfield,  Pa 

East  Hickman,  Ky 

East  HoUidaysbnrg,  Pa. 

East  Hopewell,  Pa 

East  Huntingdon,  Pa... 

East  Idaho,  Col... 

East  Idaho  Spr'gs,  Col. 

East  Jordan,  Mich 

East  Keating,  Pa 

East  Kingston,  N.H 

East  Lackawannock,Pa 

Eastlake,  Mich 

East  Lake,  N.C 

East  Lampeter,  Pa 

East  Las  Vegas,  N.M... 
East  Las  Vegas,  N.M... 

East  Lincoln,  III 

East  Livermore,  Me 

East  Liverpool,  0 

East  Lonaconing,  Md.. 

East  Lyme,  Conn 

East  Machias,  Me 

East  Macon,  Ga 

East  McPherson,  Neb... 

East  Mahoning,  Pa 

Eastman,  Ark 

Eastman,  6a 

Eastman,  N.D 

Eastman,  Wis 

East  Manchester,  Pa.... 
East  MarlboroughJ'a  .. 
East  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 
East  Mill  Creek,  Utah.. 

East  Montpelier,  Vt 

East  Muddy,  Neb 

East  Nantmeal,  Pa 

East  Nelson,  HI 

East  Newmarket,  Md... 

East  Norwegian,  Pa 

East  Nottingham,  Pa... 

East  Oakland,  111 

Easton,  Conn 

Easton,  Kan 

Easton,  Me 

Easton,  Md 

Easton,  Md 

Easton,  Mass 

Easton,  Mich 

Easton,  Minn 

Easton,  N.H 

Easton,  N.Y 

Easton,  Pa 

Easton,  Wis 

Easton,  Wis 

Eastonville,  Col 

East  Orange,  Iowa 

East  Orange,  N.J 

East  Otto,  N.Y 

East  Palestine,  0 

East  Penn,  Pa 

East  Penu8borough,Pa. 

East  Petersburg,  Pa 

East  Pikeland,  Pa 

East  Pike  Bun,  Pa. 

East  Point,  No.  1,  Alas. 
East  Point,  No.  2,  Alas. 

East  Point,  Gfa 

East  Point,  Ga 

Eastport,  Me 
East  Portland,  Ore. 
East  Portland,  Ore 
East  Prospect,  Pa, 
East  Providence,  Pa. 
East  Providence,  B.I.. 
East  Biver,  Iowa 
East  Biver,  W.  Va. 
East  Biverside,  Cal 
East  Kockhill,  Pa.. 
East  Borne,  Ga 

96 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

village 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

borough 

township 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

city 

district 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

poBt-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 


County. 


Kent 

Lee 

Cowley 

Logan 

Middlesex 

Washington 

Barnstable 

Erie 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Suffolk 

Dauphin 

Lebanon  

Hartford 

New  Haven.„... 

Essex 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Lancaster 

Fayette 

Blair 

York 

Westmoreland.. 

Clear  Creek 

Clear  Creek 

Charlevoix. 

Clinton 

Bockingham.... 

Mercer 

Manistee 

Dare 

Lancaster 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

Logan 

Androscoggin... 

Columbiana 

Alleghany 

New  London.... 

Washington 

Bibb 

McPherson 

Indiana 

Pulaski...., 

Dodge '. 

Foster 

Crawford 

York 

Chester 

Carbon 

Salt  Lake 

Washington 

Gosper 

Chester 

Moultrie 

Dorchester 

Schuylkill 

Chester 

Coles 

Fairfield 

Leavenworth... 

Aroostook 

Talbot 

Talbot 

Bristol 

Ionia 

Faribault 

Grafton 

Washington 

Northampton... 

Adams 

Marathon 

El  Paso 

Sioux 

Essex 

Cattaraugus 

Columbiana 

Carbon 

Cumberland 

Lancaster 

Chester 

Washington 


Fulton 

Fulton 

Washington- 
Multnomah.. 
Multnomah.. 

York 

Bedford 

Providence... 


Mercer 

San  Bernardino 

Bucks 

Floyd 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,887 
797 


3,032 


692 
2,409 
4,206 

666 
2,515 
1,637 
1,704 
3,500 
3,057 

226 


3,176 
1,749 


4,404 


246 
676 
660 


365 
2,493 


4,066 
1,080 
5,568 
3,357 
1,731 
1,876 
2,827 


1,160 
2,959 


1,459 


1,337 

1,853 

371 

972 

225 

936 

1,241 

2,498 

700 

1,351 

2,086 

1,145 

1,235 

836 

5,977 

3,005 

3,902 

1,871 

68 

302 

2,740 

11,924 

450 

186 


103 
8,349 
1,251 
1,047 

93:^ 
3,084 


804 
1,228 


195 
4,006 
1,441 
2,934 

250 
1,503 
5,056 
1,009 
1,887 


3,127 

659 

169 

2,141 

2,599 

3,451 

602 

2,304 

4,395 

654 

2,431 

1,428 

1,550 

4,465 

955 

236 

469 

3,164 

1,968 

136 

1,234 

8,109 

661 

323 

731 

229 

461 

666 

1,866 

397 

2,603 

2,312 

2,312 

4,480 

1,506 

10,966 

3,056 

2,048 

1,637 

3,777 

239 

1,090 

1,313 

1,082 

23 

1,436 

1,413 

1,327 

2,772 

287 

963 

448 

837 

1,290 

2,679 

586 

1,305 

2,243 

1,001 

1,238 

978 

5,809 

2,939 

4,493 

1,868 

180 

248 

2,600 

14,481 

376 

240 

149 

805 

13,282 

1,288 

1,816 

1,109 

2,751 

558 

823 

1,162 

36 

41 

1,512 

738 

4,908 

11,762 

10,532 

261 

1,476 

8,422 

931 

3,082 

.330 

1,660 

514 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


East  Saint  Clair,  Pa 

East  St.  Louis,  111 

East  St.  Louis,  111 

East  Salem,  Ore 

East  Sioux  Falls,  S.D... 

East  Springfield,  O 

East  Stroudsburg,  Pa... 

East  Syracuse,  N.Y 

East  Tawas,  Mich 

East  Taylor,  Pa. 

Easttown,  Pa 

East  Troy,  Wis 

East  Troy,  Wis 

East  Tyrone,  Pa. 

East  Umqua,Ore 

East  Union,  Kj- 

East  Union,  0 

East  Union,  Pa 

East  Valley,  Neb 

East  Vernon,  Ga 

Eastville,  Va 

East  Vincent,  Pa 

East  Warner,  Ore 

East  Waterloo,  Iowa.... 

East  Wheatfield,  Pa 

East  Whiteland,  Pa.... 

East  Windsor,  Conn 

East  Windsor,  N  J 

Eaton,  Col _ 

Eaton,  Mich 

Eaton,  Neb 

Eaton,  N.H 

Eaton,  N.Y 

Eaton,  0 

Eaton,  0 > 

Eaton,  Pa 

Eaton,  Tenn 

Eaton,  Wis 

Eaton,  Wis 

Eaton,  Wis 

Eaton  Bapids,  Mich 

Eaton  Rapids,  Mich 

Eaton's  Cross  Bds,Tenn 

Eatonton,  Ga 

Eatonton,  Ga 

Eatontown,  N.J 

Eau  Claire,  Wis 

Eau  Galle,  Wis 

Eau  Galle,  Wis 

Eau  Gallic,  Fla 

Eau  Pleine,  Wis 

Eau  Pleine,  Wis 

Ebenezer,  Ala 

Ebenezer,  Ala 

Ebenezer,  Miss 

Ebenezer,  S.C 

Ebenezer,  S.C 

Ebensburg,  Pa 

Ebervale,  Pa 

Echo,  Ala 

Echo,  Mich 

Echo,  Minn 

Echo,  Ore 

Echo  City,  Utah 

Eckery,  Neb 

Eckford,  Mich 

Eckhart,  Md 

Eckhart  Mines,  Md 

Eckland,  N.D 

Eckley,  Col 

Eckley,  Ore 

Eckley,  Pa 

Eclectic,  Ala 

Econflna,  Fla 

Economy,  Pa 

Economy,  Pa_ 

Ecore  Fabre,  Ark 

Ecorse,  Mich 

Eddington,  Me 

Eddins,  Ga ~ 

Eddy,  N.M 

Eddy,  N.M 

Eddystone,  Ac,  Pa 

Eddyville,  111 

Eddyville,  111 

Eddyville,  Iowa 

Eddyville,  Ky 

Eddyville,  Ky 

Eddyville,  N.Y 

Eden,  Ala 

Eden,  Cal 

Eden,  111 

Eden,  Ind 

Eden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-1  wp 

township 

city 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

ix)st-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Bedford 

Saint  Clair., 

Saint  Cluir 

Marion 

Minnehaha 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Onondaga 

Iosco 

Cambria 

Chester 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Blair 

Douglas 

Nicholas 

Wayne 

Schuvlkill 

Bed  Willow 

Troup 

Northampton... 

Chester 

Lake 

Black  Hawk.... 

Indiana 

Chester 

Hartford 

Mercer 

Weld 

Eaton 

Kearney 

Carroll 

Madison 

Lorain 

Preble 

Wyoming 

Gibson 

Brown 

Clark 

Manitowoc 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Loudon 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Monmouth 

Eau  Claire 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Brevard 

Marathon 

Portage 

Butler 

Cullman 

Holmes 

Florence  

York 

Cambria. 

Luzerne 

Dale 

Antrim 

Yellow  Med 

Umatilla 

Summit ~... 

Perkins 

Calhoun 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Burleigh 

Yuma 

Curry 

Luzerne 

Elmore 

Washington 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Ouachita 

Wayne 

Penobscot 

Dodge 

Eddy 

Eddy 

Delaware 

Pope 

Pope „.. 

Wapello 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Ulster 

Saint  Clair 

Alameda 

La  Salle 

La  Grange 

Benton 

Carroll 

Clinton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,114 


9,186 
1,940 


186 
1,102 
1,099 
1,086 


845 

1,407 

368 

279 


1,289 

2,048 

688 


817 
3,663 
1,252 


4,060 
937 
1,273 
3,019 
2,271 


1,217 

196 

629 

3,799 

1,161 

2,143 

956 

1,619 

686 

453 

1,524 

1,336 

1,785 

760 

1,933 

1,371 

2,642 

10,119 

1,154 


598 


453 


1,318 
2,228 
1,123 
1,108 
1,138 
406 
110 


246 

i'iis 


56 
1,070 


319 
1,024 


2,210 

2,648 

746 

730 


2,533 
958 
114 
909 

3,874 
390 
617 


6,687 
1,524 
1,111 
835 
695 
1,010 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Eden,  Iowa. 

Eden,  Iowa 

EdeD,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Kan 

Eden,  Kan 

Eden,  Kan 

Eden,  Ky 

Eden.Ky 

Eden,  Me 

Eden,  Mich 

Eden,  Mich 

Eden,  Minn 

Eden,  Minn 

Eden,  Minn 

Eden,  Neb 

Eden,  Neb 

Eden,  N.Y 

Eden,  N.D 

Eden,  O 

Eden,  0..^ 

Eden,  0 

Eden,  Ore 

Eden,  Pa 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  Utah 

Eden,  Vt 

Eden,  Wig 

Eden,  Wis 

Edenburg,  Pa 

Edenburg,  Va 

Edendale,  N.D 

Eden  Lake,  Minn.... 
Eden  Prairie,  Minn.. 

Edenton,  N.C 

Edenton,  N.C 

Eden  Valley,  Minn.. 

Edenville,  Mich 

Edeeville,  Md 

Edford,  111 

Edgar,  111 

Edgar,  Neb 

Edgar,  Neb 

Edgartowu,  Mass.... 

Edgecomb,  Me 

Edgefield,  C.  H.,  S.C. 

Edgemont,  Pa 

Edge  Moor,  Del 

Edgerton,  Col 

Edgerton,  Kan 

Edgerton,  Minn 

Edgerton,  Mo 

Edgerton,  0 

Edgerton,  S.D 

Edgerton,  Wis 

Edgewater,  Col 

Edgewater,  N.Y 

Edgewater,  Wash.... 

Edgewood,  Ala 

Edgewood,  Ga 

Edgewood,  Ga 

Edgewood,  111 

Edgewood  Park,  Pa., 

Edgington,  111 

Edgwood,  Cal 

Edina,  Minn 

Edlna,  Mo 

Edinborough,  Pa 

Edinburg,  111 

Edinburg,  Ind 

Edinburg,  Me 

Edinburg,  Miss 

Edinburg,  Miss 

Edinburg,  Mo 

Edinburg,  N.Y 

Edinburg,  0 

Edison,  Minn 

Edison,  Neb 

Edison,  0 

Edison,  S.D 

Edisto,  S.C 

Edith,  Neb 

Edmeston,  N.Y 

Edmond,Okla 

Edmonds,  Wash 

Edmonton,  Ky 

Edniore,  Mich 

Edmunds,  Me 

Edna,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

po«^twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

borough 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-Yill 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

j)ost-vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 


CouDty. 


Decatur 

Fayette 

Marshall 

Sac , 

Winnebago.... 

Meade 

Ness 

Sumner 

Martin 

Martin 

Hancock 

Lake 

Mason 

Brown 

Pipe  Stone 

Polk 

Antelope 

Hitchcock 

Erie 

Walsh 

Licking 

Seneca 

Wyandot - 

Jackson 

Lancaster 

Buffalo 

Clark 

Codington 

Hyde 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Weber 

Lamoille 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Iowa 

Clarion 

Shenandoah... 

Steele 

Stearns 

Hennepin 

Chowan 

Chowan 

Meeker 

Midland 

Kent 

Henry 

Edgar 

Clay 

Clay 

Dukes 

Lincoln 

Edgefield 

Delaware 

New  Castle.... 

El  Paso 

Johnson 

Pipe  Stone 

Platte 

Williams 

Hanson 

Bock 

Jefferson 

Richmond 

King 

Elmore 

DeKalb 

Fulton 

Effingham 

Alleghany 

Rock  Island... 

Siskiyou 

Hennepin 

Knox 

Erie 

Christian 

Johnson 

Penobscot 

Leake 

Leake 

Grundy 

Saratoga 

Portage 

Swift 

Furnas 

Morrow 

Minnehaha.... 
Orangeburg.... 

Blaine 

Otsego 

Oklahoma 

Snohomish 

Metcalfe 

Montcalm 

Washington... 
Cass 


Population. 


1880.     189<), 


1,187 

1,154 

788 

480 


239 
308 
465 
108 
1,629 
92 
589 
740 
134 


2,363 


767 
1,598 
1,793 

902 
1,250 


329 

934 
1,404 

909 
1,020 

478 


325 

744 

3,055 

1,382 


419 

3,682 

1,022 

1,641 

1,080 

577 

1,303 

872 

808 

648 

261 


145 

782 


8,044 


252 

218 

1,178 


1,156 
876 
551 

1,814 
45 

2,392 


174 
1,523 
910 
365 
306 
152 


1,035 
'i',784 


2,979 
704 
445 
633 


1,048 

1,381 

1,007 

619 

246 

106 

252 

487 

842 

309 

1,946 

120 

579 

878 

476 

210 

294 

224 

2,288 

410 

674 

1,343 

1,605 

450 

1,229 

186 

267 

357 

89 

698 

202 

106 

521 

851 

1,333 

956 

751 

512 

150 

641 

769 

4,227 

2,206 

327 

460 

4,025 

752 

1,700 

1,678 

1,105 

1,166 

749 

1,168 

567 

322 

156 

321 

178 

482 

967 

371 

1,595 

427 

14,265 

191 

1,066 

1,322 

1,282 

255 

616 

1,220 

710 

531 

1,456 

1,107 

806 

2,031 

54 

3,465 

123 

182 

1,203 

834 

380 

306 

346 

434 

1,217 

77 

1,703 

294 

384 

3,986 

736 

395 

684 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Edna,  Kan 

Edna,  Minn 

Edna,  N.D 

Edna,  Tex 

Edneyville,  N.C 

Edon,  0 

Edray,  W.Va 

Edson,  Wis 

Edwards,  Ga 

Edwards,  Kan 

Edwards,  Kan 

Edwards,  Mich 

Edwards,  Minn 

Edwards,  N.Y 

Edwards,  N.C 

Edwards  Mill,  N.C 

Edwardsport,  Ind 

Edwardsville,  Ala 

Edwardsville,  111 

Edwardsville,  111 

Edwardsville,  Pa 

Eel,  Ind 

Eel  River,  Ind 

Eel  River,  Ind 

Effingham,  111 

Effingham,  Kan 

Effingham,  N.H 

Effingham,  S.C 

Effington,  Minn 

Egan,  S.D 

Egan,  S.D 

Egeland,  S.D 

Egeria,  Col 

Egg  Harbor,  N.J 

Egg  Harbor,  Wis 

Egg  Harbor  City,  N.J.. 

Eggleston,  Mich 

Eggleston,  Mich 

Eglon,  Minn 

Egremont,  Mass 

Egypt,  Ark 

Egypt,  Ga 

Egypt,  Mo 

Egypt,  N.C 

Ehrenfeld,  Pa 

Eidsvold,  Minn 

Eighth,  Ga 

Eighth,  Ga 

Eighth,  Ga 

Eight  Mile,  111 

Eight  Mile,  Ore 

Eight  Mile  Grove,  Neb. 
Ekaluktalugumute, 

Alaska 

Ela,  111 

Elam,  Ala 

Elba,  Ala 

Elba,  Ala 

Elba,  111 

Elba,  Mich 

Elba,  Mich 

Elba,  Minn 

Elba,  NY 

Elba,  N.Y 

Elba,  Wis 

Elberton,  Ga 

Elberton,  Ga 

El  Bosque,  N.M 

Elbow,  Md 

Elbow  Lake,  Minn 

Elbow  Lake,  Minn 

Elbow  Lake,  Minn 

Elbridge,  111 

Elbridge,  111 

Elbridge,  Mich 

Elbridge,  N.Y 

Elbridge,  N.Y 

Elbum,  111 

ElCajon,  Cal 

ElCeno,  N.M 

El  Cerrito,  N.M 

El  Cerro,  N.M 

Elcho,  Wis 

Elco,  111 

El  Dara,  111 

Bldena,  111 

Elder,  Pa 

Elderton,  Pa 

Eldou,  Iowa 

Eldora,  Iowa 

Eldora,  Iowa. 

Eldora,  N.C 

El  Dorado,  Ark 

El  Dorado,  Ark 

El  Dorado,  Ark 

El  Dorado,  111 ^. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


Connty. 


Labette- 

Otter  Tail.... 

Barnes 

Jackson 

Henderson... 

Williams 

Pocahontas.. 

Chippewa 

Muscogee 

Clark 

Wichita , 

Ogemaw 

Kandiyohi... 
Saint  Lawrence 

Wilkes 

Beaufort 

Knox 

Cleburne 

Madison 

Madison 

Luzerne 

Cass 

Allen 

Hendricks. .. 
Effingham... 

Atchison 

Carroll 

Florence 

Otter  Tall..., 

Moody 

Moody 

Day 

Routt 

Atlantic 

Door 

Atlantic 

Emmet 

Muskegon... 

CTay 

Berkshire.... 

Ashley 

Dade 

Carroll 

Yancey 

Cambria 

Lyon 

Gordon 

Murray 

Quitman 

Williamson.. 

Morrow 

Cass. 


Lake 

Montgomery... 

Coffee 

Coffee 

Knox 

Gratiot 

Lapeer 

Winona. 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Dodge 

Elbert 

Elbert 

Valencia. 

Garrett 

Grant 

Grant 

Hubbard 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Oceana 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Kane 

San  Diego 

Valencia 

San  Miguel 

Taos 

Langlade 

Alexander. 

Pike..~ 

Lee 

Cambria. 

Armstrong 

Wapello 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Surry 

Benton 

Union 

Union 

McDonougb. 


Population. 


1880.      189a 


26 


1,615 
613 

1,666 
882 
802 


306 

163 

1,082 

1,906 


777 

267 

4,133 

2,887 


11,419 
1,287 

V 

3,065 
187 
865 

1,160 
312 


33 


4,075 

730 

1,232 


218 


876 
649 
249 


825 


378 

733 

1,239 

2,387 

823 


861 


1,412 

1,987 
989 
222 
902 
734 

1,272 
754 

1,968 


1,341 

1,508 

927 


376 


1,746 
97 

833 
4,087 

616 


909 
307 


579 

299 

729 

2,330 

1,584 

1.087 


2,546 
443 
966 


321 
411 

108 

537 

1,880 

601 

1,961 

2,164 

1,377 

72 

542 

217 

232 

1,267 

2,246 

62 

670 

446 

4,844 

3,  .561 

3,284 

14,052 

1,253 

1,905 

3,260 

361 

720 

1,219 

655 

234 

399 

292 

277 

4,256 

821 

1,439 

140 

289 

652 

845 

737 

266 

1,792 

1,082 

567 

413 

837 

976 

2,425 

838 

445 

958 

24 

1,296 

1,831 

1,285 

285 

775 

1,756 

1,089 

645 

1,746 

428 

1,117 

2,244 

1,572 

290 

626 

440 

267 

217 

1,460 

61 

1,180 

3,560 

693 

584 

562 

230 

331 

490 

176 

1,206 

241 

103 

711 

243 

1,726 

2,146 

1,577 

1,108 

601 

2,660 

466 


97 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Isame  of  place  and 
state. 


El  Dorado,  Iowa 

El  Dorado,  Kan 

El  Dorado,  Kan 

£1  Dorado,  Minn 

El  Dorado,  Neb 

El  Dorado,  N.C 

El  Dorado,  N.D 

El  Dorado,  0 

El  Dorado,  S.D 

El  Dorado,  Wis 

El  Dorado  Springs,  Mo 

Eldred,  N.D 

Eldred,  Pa 


Eldred,  Pa 

Eldred,  Pa 

Eldred,  Pa 

Eldred,  Pa 

Eldred,  Pa 

Eldred,  Pa 

Eldron,  Wis 

El  Emplazado,  N.C 

Elevation,  N.C 

Eleven  Points,  Ark 

Eleventh,  Ga 

Elgin,  111 

Elgin,  111 

Elgin,  Iowa 

Elgin,  Iowa 

Elgin,  Iowa 

Elgin,  Minn 

Elgin,  Neb 

Elgin,  Ore 

Elgin,  Pa 

Eli,  Neb 

Eliam,  Ga 

Elida,  0 

Elida,  S.D 

Eliot,  Iowa 

Eliot,  Me 

Elixir,  Ark 

Eliza,  111 

Elizabeth,  111 

Elizabeth,  111 

Elizabeth,  Ind 

Elizabeth,  Ind 

Elizabeth,  Minn 

Elizabeth,  Minn 

Elizabeth.N.J 

Elizabeth,  0 

Elizabeth,  O 

Elizabeth,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  W.  Va 

Elizabeth,  W.Va 

Elizabeth  Church,Tenn 

Elizabeth  City,  N.C 

Elizabeth  City,  N.C 

Elizabetbton,  Tenn 

Elizabethton,  Tenn 

Elizabethtown,  111 

Elizabethtown,  Ind 

Elizabethtown,  Ky 

Elizabethtown,  Ky 

Elizabethtown,  N.M 

Elizabethtown,  N.Y 

Elizabethtown,  N.Y 

Elizabethtown,  N.C 

Elizabethtown,  Pa 

Elizabeth vi  lie.  Pa 

Elizaville,  Ky 

Elizaville,  Ky 

Elk,Cal 

Elk,  111 

Elk,  Iowa 

Elk,  Iowa 

Elk,  Iowa 

Elk,  Kan 

Elk,  Kan 

Elk,  Mich 

Elk,  Mich 

Elk,  Minn 

Elk,  Mo 

Elk,  Neb 

Elk,  Neb 

Elk,  Neb 

Elk,  N.C 

Elk,  N.C 

Elk,  O 

Elk,  O 

Elk,  Ore 

Elk,  Pa „ 

Elk,  Pa 

Elk,  Pa 

Elk,  Pa 

Elk,  S.D 

98 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

city 

township 

po8t-prect 

post-twp 

township 

poBt-vill 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Benton 

Butler 

Butler , 

Stevens 

Clay 

Montgomery.. 

Traill 

Preble 

Buffalo , 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Cedar. 

Cass 

Jefferson 

Lycoming 

McKean 

McKean 

Monroe 

Schuylkill 

Warren 

Marathon 

San  Miguel .... 

Johnston 

Randolph 

Terrell 

Kane 

Kane 

Fayette 

Lyon 

Plymouth 

Wabasha 

Antelope 

Union 

Erie 

Cherry 

Elbert 

Allen 

Potter 

Louisa 

York 

Boone 

Mercer 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Bartholomew.. 

Harrison 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Union 

Lawrence 

Miami 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Lancaster 

Wirt 

Wirt 

Crockett 

Pasquotank 

Pasquotank 

Carter 

Carter 

Hardin 

Bartholomew.. 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Colfax 

Essex 


Bladen 

Lancaster 

Dauphin 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Mendocino  ... 

Jackson 

Buena  Vista.. 

Clayton 

Delaware 

CToud 


Lake 

Sanilac 

Nobles 

Stoddard.. 
Lancaster. 
Nuckolls .. 
Saunders... 
Watauga .. 

Wilkes 

Noble 

Vinton 

Benton 

Chester 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren.... 
Sully 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,268 

1,411 

127 

621 

1,040 


337 


1,617 


1,271 
695 

2,078 

1,165 
877 

1,190 
797 


1,890 

1,253 

1,418 

10,057 

8,787 

428 

65 

434 

940 


164 


1,336 
302 


414 

1,640 


783 

1,385 

507 

391 

282 

577 

128 

28,229 

4,586 

1,327 

3,361 

1,810 

1,045 

1,348 

395 


2,721 

2,315 

1,153 

362 

484 

391 

6,880 

2,526 


1,363 
445 

2,267 
980 


1,936 
148 


857 

571 

1,314 

1,140 

1,443 


156 

1,332 

176 

894 

464 

588 

856 

328 

894 

1,539 

2,000 


830 

2,169 

462 

637 


926 

648 

3,339 

139 

740 

1,220 

429 

365 

141 

1,468 

1,543 

182 

1,581 

656 

1,588 

1,050 

907 

1,147 

1,720 

232 

339 

2,411 

1,183 

1,788 

19,183 

17,823 

369 

297 

762 

885 

421 

227 

169 

169 

1,180 

399 

121 

377 

1,463 

716 

670 

1,283 

495 

430 

267 

744 

135 

37,764 

3,369 

1,178 

5,149 

1,804 

1,012 

2,193 

710 

462 

3,968 

3,261 

1,560 

734 

662 

430 

6,603 

2,260 

338 

1,399 

573 

2,213 

1,218 

676 

1,424 

164 

216 

894 

782 

1,189 

1,074 

1,883 

1,292 

569 

1,427 

248 

729 

691 

753 

888 

424 

1,204 

1,467 

2,024 

119 

789 

1,283 

693 

880 

111 


Name  of  place  and 
•  state. 


Elk,  Wash 

Elk,  W.Va 

Elk,  W.  Va 

Elk,  W.  Va 

Elk,  W.Va 

Elkader,  Iowa 

Elkader,  Kan 

Elk  City,  Kan , 

Elk  City,  Ore , 

Elk  Creek,  Iowa.... 

Elk  Creek,  Kan 

Elk  Creek,  Ky 

Elk  Creek,  Mo 

Elk  Creek,  Nob 

Elk  Creek,  Neb 

Elk  Creek,  Neb 

Elk  Creek,  Pa 

Elk  Creek,  Tenn... 

Elk  Creek,  Va , 

Elk  Falls,  Kan 

Elk  Falls,  Kan 

Elk  Fork,  Ky 

Elk  Fork,  Ky 

Elk  Fork,  Ac,  Ky.. 

Elk  Fork,  Mo 

Elk  Garden,  Va 

Elk  Garden,  W.  Va 

Elk  Grove,  Cal 

Elk  Grove,  111 

Elk  Grove,  Wis 

Elkhart,  III 

Elkhart,  111 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elkhart,  Iowa 

Elkhart,  Mo 

Elkhorn,  Cal 

Elkhorn,  Col 

Elkhorn,  111 

Elkhorn,  111 

Elkhorn,  Iowa 

Elkhorn,  Iowa 

Elkhorn,  Kan_ 

Elkhorn,  Ky 

Elk  Horn,  Ky 

Elkhorn,  Mo 

Elkhorn,  Mo 

Elkhorn,  Mont 

Elkhorn,  Mont 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  W.  Va....v 

Elkhorn,  Wis 

Elkin,  N.C 

Elkins,  Ark 

Elkins,  N.M 

Elkins,  W.Va 

Elkinsville,  La 

Elk  Lake,  ftlinn.... 

Elkland,  Mich 

Elkland,  Pa 

Elkland,  Pa 

Elk  Lick,  Pa 

Elk  Mound,  Wis.... 

Elkmount,  N.D 

Elk  Park,  Mont.... 

Elk  Park,  N.C 

Elk  Point,  S.D 

Elk  Prairie,  Idaho. 

Elk  Prairie,  111 

Elk  Rapids,  Mich.. 

Elk  Ridge,  Md 

Elk  Ridge,  Md 

Elk  River,  Iowa.... 
Elk  River,  Minn.... 
Elk  River,  Minn.... 

Elk  River,  Mo 

Elk  Run,  0 

Elkton,  Ky 

Elkton,  Ky.„ 

Elkton,  Md 

Elkton,  Md 

Elkton,  Minn 

Elkton,  Ore -. 

Elkton,  S.D 

Elkton,  S.D 

Elkton,  Tenn 

Elk  Valley,  Tenn.. 

Elkville,  111 

Ell,  Iowa 

Ellaville,  Fla 

Ellenborough,  Wis 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-viU 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 


post 
towi 
towi 
mag, 


vill 


township 
township 

.-dist 

■vill 

ict 

■vill 


post-vill 

district 

post 


township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Lewis 

Barbour 

Harrison 

Kanawha 

Mineral 

Clayton 

Logan 

Montgomery... 

Benton 

Jasper 

Republic. 

Spencer 

Wright 

Custer 

Gosper 

Johnson 

Erie 

Carter 

Grayson 

Elk 

Elk 

Lewis 

Morgan 

Whitley 

Pettis 

Russell 

Mineral 

Sacramento 

Cook 

Lafayette 

Logan 

Logan 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Noble 

Polk 

Bates 

San  Joaquin.... 

Saguache 

Brown 

Carroll 

Plymouth 

Webster 

Lincoln 

Letcher 

Taylor 

McDonald 

Warren 

Beaver  Head... 

Jefferson 

Cuming 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Sheridan 

McDowell 

Walworth 

Surry 

Clark 

Colfax 

Randolph 

Saint  Charles.. 

Grant 

Tuscola 

Sullivan 

Tioga. 

Somerset 

Dunn..  

Grand  Forks... 

Jefferson 

Mitchell 

Union 

Shoshone 

Jefferson 

Antrim 

Howard 

Howard 

Clinton 

Sherburne 

Sherburne 

McDonald 

Columbiana 

Todd 

Todd 

Cecil , 

Cecil , 

Clay 

Douglas 

Brookings 

Brookings 

Giles 

Campbell 

Jackson 

Hancock 

Madison 

Grant J 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,008 

1,500 

3,762 

699 

851 


383 

94 

1,221 

669 
1,097 

549 


224 

139 

1,564 


6,299 
1,367 

513 
1,660 

690 


1,060 
2,221 


1,201 

959 

1,623 

393 

6,713 

6,953 

1,668 

961 

632 

1,957 


1,431 
589 
214 
631 

1,009 


1,032 
2,508 


376 
113 


1,008 

1,122 

137 

463 


208 
1,249 

879 

470 
1,501 

588 


1,162 
741 

2,233 
448 

1,271 
260 
636 
686 

1,467 

3,336 
874 

4,325 

1,752 


335 


87 
686 


164 
741 

777 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Ellenburg,  N.T 

EUendale,  N.C 

Ellendale,  N.D 

Ellensbiirg,  Ore 

Kllonsburg,  Wash 

Ellenville,  N.Y 

Ellenwood,  Ga 

EUerslie,  Ga 

Ellerslie,  Md 

Ellerelie,  Md 

Ellery,  N.Y 

Ellettsville,  Ind 

Ellicott,  N.Y 

EUicott  City,  Md 

Ellicottsville,  N.Y 

Ellicottsville,  N.Y 

Ellijay,  Ga 

EUijay,  Ga 

Ellijay,  N.C 

Ellington,  Conn 

Ellington,  111 

Ellington,  Iowa 

Ellington,  Iowa 

Ellington,  Mich 

Ellington,  Minn 

Ellington,  N.Y 

Ellington,  Wis 

Ellinwood,  Kan 

Elliott,  Cal 

Elliott,  Iowa 

Elliott,  S.D 

Elliott  Key,  Fla 

Elliottaville,  Ala 

Elliotts ville,  Ky 

Ellis,  Ala 

Ellis,  Ark 

Ellis,  Ark 

Ellis,  Iowa 

Ellis,  Kan 

Ellis,  Kan 

Ellis,  Mich 

Ellisbnrg,  N.Y 

Ellisburg,  N.Y 

Ellison,  Ala 

Ellison,  111 

Elliston,  Ky 

Ellisville,  111 

Ellisville,  111 

Ellisville,  Ky 

Ellisville,  Miss 

Ellisville,  Miss 

El  Llano,  N.M 

El  Llano,  N.M 

Elloree,  S.C 

Ellsborough,  Minn 

Ellsworth,  Ark 

Ellsworth,  Iowa 

Ellsworth,  Iowa 

Ellsworth,  Kan 

Ellsworth,  Kan 

Ellsworth,  Me 

Ellsworth,  Mich 

Ellsworth,  Minn 

Ellsworth,  Minn 

Ellsworth,  Neb 

Ellsworth,  N.H 

Ellsworth,  O 

Ellsworth,  W.  Va 

Ellsworth,  Wis 

Ellsworth,  Wis 

Elm,  Kan 

Elm,  Kan 

Elm,  Mo 

Elm,  Neb 

Elm,  Neb 

Elm,  Neb 

Elm,  Neb 

Elma,  N.Y 

Elma,  N.D 

Elnia,  Wash 

Elm  Bluff,  Ala 

Elm  Creek,  Kan 

Elm  Creek,  Kan 

Ehn  Creek,  Kan 

Elm  Creek,  Minn 

Elm  Creek,  Neb 

Elm  Creek,  Neb 

Elm  Creek,  Neb 

Kim  Dale,  Minn 

Elmendaro,  Kan 

Elmer,  Mich 

Elmer,  Mich 

Elmer,  Minn 

Elm  Grove,  111 

Elm  Grove,  Iowa 

Elm  Grove,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post- town 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

city 

post- vi  11 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

district 

post-vlU 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

beat 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Clinton 

Alexander.... 

Dickey 

Curry 

Kittitass 

Ulster ;.... 

Clayton 

Harris 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Chautauqua.. 

Monroe 

Chautauqua.. 

Howard 

Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus.. 

Gilmer 

Gilmer 

Macon , 

Tolland 

Adams 

Hancock 

Palo  Alto 

Tuscola 

Dodge 

Chautauqua... 
Outagamie  .... 

Barton 

San  Joaquin.. 
Montgomery.. 

Sanborn 

Dade 

Shelby , 

Breathitt 

Cherokee 

Cross 

Pulaski , 

Hardin 

Ellis 

Ellis 

Cheboygan 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

De  Kalb 

Warren 

Madison 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Nicholas 

Jones 

Jones 

San  Miguel.... 

Taos 

Orangeburg.... 

Murray 

Logan 

Emmett 

Hamilton 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Hancock 

Lake 

Meeker 

Nobles 

Antelope 

Grafton 

Mahoning 

Tyler 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Allen 

Pratt 

Putnam 

Antelope 

Custer 

Gage 

Sherman 

Erie 

Bichland 

Chehalis 

Dallas 

Marshall 

Morris 

Saline 

Martin 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Webster 

Morrison 

Lyon 

Oscoda 

Sanilac 

Pipe  Stone 

Tazewell 

Calhoun 

Louisa 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,162 
1,052 


262 
*2,760 
'1,362 


126 

1,555 

585 

10,842 

1,784 

1,949 

748 

1,515 

200 

689 

1,569 

2,304 

594 

176 

687 

667 

1,602 

1,377 

352 

2,047 

177 


1,112 
625 


78 

243 

674 

1,198 

689 


4,810 
222 


1,041 

2,714 

645 

260 

1,973 

381 

37 


116 
532 

76 
803 

1,378 
929 

5,052 
252 
499 


209 
715 
3,074 
1,070 
432 
630 


2,371 


305 
27555 


526 
387 
931 
467 
107 


367 


1,444 


259 
125 
1,431 
271 
661 


3,046 

1,165 

761 

317 

2,768 

2,881 

752 

1,387 

796 

260 

1,789 

712 

1,746 

1,488 

1,931 

852 

1,797 

437 

812 

1,539 

1,233 

775 

338 

822 

586 

1,430 

1,210 

684 

1,765 

317 

276 

105 

1,144 

1,981 

716 

167 

299 

680 

1,608 

1,107 

159 

4,145 

336 

585 

996 

2,477 

591 

255 

1,051 

1,773 

961 

235 

677 

311 

234 

755 

291 

972 

2,233 

1,620 

4,804 

1,949 

630 

258 

262 

150 

656 

3,442 

1,338 

670 

877 

315 

2,755 

265 

573 

620 

334 

2,163 

334 

346 

669 

686 

1,060 

664 

306 

789 

367 

479 

932 

2,197 

122 

816 

314 

1,178 

555 

696 


Name  of  place  and 
.  state. 


Elm  Grove,  Kan 

Elm  Grove,  N.D 

Elm  Grove,  W.  Va.. 

Elmhurst,  III 

Elmira,  Cal 

Elmira,  Cal 

Elmira,  111 

Elmira,  Mich 

Elmira,  Minn 

Elmira,  N.Y 

Elmira,  N.Y 

Elmira,  S.D 

Elm  Mills,  Kan 

Elmo,  Minn 

El  Monte,  Cal 

Elmore,  Ala 

Elmore,  Ala 

Elmore,  Ind 

Elmore,  Minn 

Elmore,  Minn 

Elmore,  0 

Elmore,  Vt 

El  Moro,  Col 

El  Moro,  Col 

Elm  Kiver,  111 

Elm  River,  N.D 

Elm  Biver,  N.D 

Elm  Springs,  Ark... 

Elmwood,  111 

Elmwood,  111 

Elmwood,  Mich 

Elmwood,  Mich 

Elmwood,  Minn 

Elmwood,  Mo 

Elmwood,  Neb 

Elmwood,  Neb 

Elon,  Va 

Blora,  N.D 

El  Paso,  Ark 

El  Paso,  111 

El  Paso,  111 

El  Paso,  Tex 

El  Paso,  Wis 

El  Pino,  N.M 

El  Pueblo,  N.M 

Elreno,  Okla 

El  Rito,  N.M 

El  Rito,  N.M 

EIrod,  S.D 

Elroy,  S.D 

Elroy,  Wis 

Elsah,  111 

Elsah,  111 

Elsberry,  Mo 

Elsie,  Mich 

Elsinboro,  N.J 

Elsinore,  Cal 

Elsinore,  Utah 

Elsmore,  Kan 

Elton,  Wis 

Elvaston,  111 

Elvira,  111 

Elvira,  Iowa 

Elvira,  S.D 

Elwood,  111 

Elwood,  111 

Elwood,  Ind 

Elwood,  Iowa 

Elwood,  Kan 

Elwood,  Kan 

Elwood,  Neb 

Elwood,  Neb 

Ely,  Mich 

Ely,  Minn 

Ely,  Nev 

Elyria,  Neb 

Elyria,  0 

Elyria,  0 

Elysian,  Minn 

Elysian,  Minn 

Emardsville,  Minn. 

Emashee,  Ala 

Emaus,  Pa 

Embarras,  111 

Embdeu,  Me 

Embree,  Ore 

Embudo,  N.M 

Emerald,  Minn 

Emerald,  0 

Emerald,  Wis 

Emerick,  Neb 

Emerson,  Ga 

Emerson,  Iowa 

Emerson,  Mich 

Emerson,  Neb , 

Emerson,  Neb y 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vlU 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

poBt-twp 


County. 


Labette 

Grand  Forks. . 

Ohio 

Du  Page 

Solano 

Solano 

Stark 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Chemung 

Chemung 

Codington 

Barber 

Otter  Tail 

Los  Angeles.. 

Elmore 

Pickens 

Daviess 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Ottawa 

Lamoille 

Las  Animas... 
Las  Animas... 

Wayne 

Cass 

Traill 

Washington... 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Leelanaw 

Tuscola 

Clay 

Saline 


Cass 

Amherst 

Pembina 

White 

Woodford 

Woodford 

El  Paso 

Pierce 

Valencia 

San  Miguel... 

Canadian 

Rio  Arriba.... 

Valencia 

Clark 

Faulk 

Juneau 

Jersey 

Jersey 

Lincoln 

Clinton 

Salem 

San  Diego 

Sevier 

Allen 

Langlade 

Hancock 

Johnson 

Clinton , 

Buffalo 

Vermilion 

Will 

Madison 

Clinton 

Barber 

Doniphan 

Gosper 

Gosper 

Marquette.... 

St.  Louis 

White  Pine... 

Valley 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Polk 

Talladega 

Lehigh 

Edgar 

Somerset 

Harney 

Rio  Arriba.... 

Faribault 

Paulding 

St.  Croix 

Madison 

Bartow 

Mills 

Gratiot 

Dakota. 

Dixon 


Popnlation. 


1880.      1890. 


1,096 


236 
723 
816 
240 
978 
226 
656 
1,986 
20,641 


177 
1,313 


917 

1,073 

439 


1,044 

682 


1,086 


1,617 
2,430 
1,604 
438 
1,054 


2,297 

769 

38 

4,342 


2,211 

1,390 

736 

690 


663 

1,076 

260 


253 
570 


233 
1,064 


294 
1,165 


2,669 
312 
751 
133 
181 
323 


1,011 


6,648 

4,777 

837 

167 


631 

847 

1,366 

674 


861 
996 
619 


466 
1,377 


1,400 
266 
694 

1,050 
869 
317 
884 
561 
567 
890 
30,893 
162 
316 
403 

2,567 
968 
931 

1,968 
689 
488 

1,198 
593 
691 
355 

1,114 
183 
268 

1,591 

2,451 

1,548 
7.34 

1,422 
368 

2,450 
949 
303 

4,499 
372 
863 

2,068 

1,353 
10,338 
845 
213 
296 
286 
648 
216 
269 
104 

1,413 

1,024 
271 
390 
396 
524 
475 
690 

1,445 
191 
307 

1,026 

31 

194 

2,748 
243 

2,284 
180 
302 
377 
895 
373 
694 
901 
203 
408 

6,419 

6,611 

1,004 

348 

84 

634 

883 

1,729 
579 
130 
685 
791 

1,123 
643 
530 
781 
404 

1,441 
434 
671 


99 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kmeraon,  Neb 

Kmert's  Cove,  Tenn 

Emery,  8.D 

Imery,  Utah 

Emery,  Wis 

Emeryville,  Cal 

Emily,  Ky 

Eminence,  III 

Eminence,  Kan 

Eminence,  Ky 

Eminence,  Ho 

Emington,  111 

Emlenton,  Pa. 

Emma,  Col 

Emma,  111 

Emma,  Kan 

Emmet,  Ark 

Emmet,  Iowa. 

Emmet,  Kan 

Emmet,  Mich 

Emmet,  Neb 

Emmet,  Wis 

Emmetsburg,  Iowa 

Emmetsburg,  Iowa 

Emmett,  Idaho 

Emmett,  111 

Emmett,  Kan 

Emmett,  Mich 

Emmett,  Minn 

Emmett,  Wis 

Emmitsburg,  Md 

Emmitsburg,  Md 

Emmons,  N.C 

Emory,  Tex 

Emory  Gap,  Tenn 

Empire,  Col 

Empire,  Col 

Empire,  111 

Empire,  Kan 

Empire,  Kan 

Empire,  Kan 

Empire,  Ky 

Empire,  Mich 

Empire,  Minn 

Empire,  Mo 

Empire,  Mont 

Empire,  N.D 

Empire,  O 

Empire,  Wis 

Empire  City,  Kan 

Empire  City,  Nev 

Empire  City,  Ore 

Empire  City,  Ore 

Emporia,  Kan 

Emporia,  Kan 

Emporia,  Va 

Emporium,  Pa 

Enchanted  Prairie,  Ore. 

Encinal,  Tex 

Enciuitas,  Cal 

Endee,  N.M 

Endicott,  Neb 

Endicott,  Neb 

Energy,  Miss 

Enfleld,  Conn 

Enfield,  111 

Enfleld,  111 

Enfleld,  Me 

Enfleld,  Mass 

Enfield,  N.H 

Enfleld,  N.Y 

Enfleld,  N.C 

Enfleld,  N.C 

Engelmann,  111 

Enger,  N.D 

Engine  House,  Ky 

Bngle,  Col 

Engle,  Col 

Engle,  N.M 

Englewood,  Ind , 

Englewood,  Kan , 

Englewood,  Kan 

Englewood,  N.J 

English,  Ga. 

English,  111 , 

English,  Ind 

English,  Iowa 

English,  Iowa 

English  Bay,  Alaska... 
English  Greek,  Tenn.. 
English  River,  Iowa... 
English  River,  Iowa.... 

Enlow,  Neb 

Ennis,  Tex 

Enoch,  O 

Enon,  Ala 

100 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

civil-difit 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

poet-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

pos^beat 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

village 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Harlan 

Sevier 

McCook 

Emery 

Price 

Alameda. 

Martin 

Logan 

Woodson 

Henry 

Shannon 

Livingston 

Venango 

Pitkin 

White 

Harvey 

Nevada 

Emmet 

Pottawatomie.. 

Calhoun 

Holt 

Marathon 

Palo  Alto 

Palo  Alto , 

Ad*.. 

McDonough ... 

Norton 

Saint  Clair 

Renville 

Dodge 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Davidson 

Rains 

Roane 

Clear  Creek.... 

Clear  Creek 

McLean 

Ellsworth 

Harper 

McPherson 

Christian 

Leelanaw 

Dakota 

Andrew 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Cass 

Jefferson 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Cherokee 

Ormsby 

Coos 

Coos. 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Greensville... 

Cameron 

Coos , 

La  Salle 

San  Diego 

Guadaloupe.. 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Clarke , 

Hartford 

White 

White 

Penobscot 

Hampshire.... 

Grafton 

Tompkins 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Saint  Clair.... 

Steele 

Garrard , 

Las  Animas.. 
Las  Animas  . 

Sierra 

Montgomery 

Clark 

Clark 

Bergen 

Warren 

Jersey 

Crawford 

Iowa 

Lucas 


Cocke 

Keokuk , 

Washington., 

Cherry 

Ellis 

Noble 

Bullock 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


602 
961 


1,266 
412 

1,043 
535 


1,140 


1,587 
528 
473 
175 
522 

1,188 


1,162 
879 


1,952 


1,480 
812 

1,263 

3,560 
847 

1,097 


2,341 
3,134 


684 
200 
419 
908 
1,283 


1,065 

1,367 

348 

412 


2,525 
4,631 


1,156 
148 


1,050 

6,755 

2,125 

717 

489 

1,043 

1,680 

1,690 

4,681 

504 


1,752 


4,076 
1,561 
1,347 


1,703 
907 


755 
1,240 
1,499 


1,351 
1,480 
1,896 


443 

1,583 

312 

240 

105 

228 

770 

1,155 

411 

1,002 

920 

129 

1,126 

163 

1,861 

716 

608 

293 

344 

911 

269 

439 

457 

1,584 

479 

1,037 

504 

1,251 

625 

1,248 

3,626 

844 

1,298 

353 

386 

214 

134 

2,326 

901 

271 

947 

216 

596 

482 

1,128 

47 

202 

441 

873 

923 

327 

512 

252 

2,374 

7,551 

596 

2,147 

249 

562  ! 

370 

392 

847 

266 

1,760 

7,199 

2,108 

870 

769 

952 

1,439 

1,393 

3,660 

568 

768 

422 

1,772 

878 

701 

92 

66 

297 

175 

4,785 

1,216 

1,154 

423 

1,672 

740 

107 

956 

1,227 

1,505 

55 

2,171 

1,321 

1,468 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Enon,  O 

Enon  Grove,  Ga. 

Enosburg,  Vt 

Ensley,  Mich 

Enterprise,  Ala. 

Enterprise,  Kan 

Enterprise,  Kan 

Enterprise,  Minn 

Enterprise,  Miss 

Enterprise,  Mo 

Enterprise,  Neb 

Enterprise,  Neb 

Enterprise,  N.D 

Enterprise,  0 

Enterprise,  Ore 

Enterprise,  Ore 

Enterprise,  SJD 

Eola,  La 

Eola,  Ore 

Ephraim,  Utah , 

Ephrata,  Pa 

Ephratah,  N.Y 

Eppard  Point,  111 

Epping,  N.H 

Eppinger,  Ga 

Epps,  Mo 

Epsom,  N.H 

Epworth,  Iowa 

Equality,  111 

Equality,  111 

Equality,  Mo 

Era,  Idaho 

Erata,  Miss 

Erdahl,  Minn 

Erhard,  Minn 

Ericson,  Minn 

Ericson,  Neb 

Erie,  CoU 

Erie,  Col 

Erie,  111 

Erie,  111 

Erie,  Ind 

Erie,  Kan 

Erie,  Kan 

Erie,  Kan 

Erie,  Mich 

Erie,  Minn 

Erie,  Mo 

Erie,  N.D 

Erie,  0 

Erie,  Pa 

Erin,  111 

Erin,  Iowa. 

Erin,  Mich 

Erin,  Minn 

Erin,  N.Y- 

Erin,  Tenn 

Erin,  Wis 

Erina,  Neb 

Erin  Prairie,  Wis 

Erkleetpaga,  Alaska. 

Errienna,  111 

Errol,  N.H 

Erve,  S.D 

Ervin,  Ind 

Ervin,  N.D 

Erving,  Kan 

Erving,  Mass 

Erviugton,  Va 

Erwin,  Ga 

Erwiu,  N.Y 

Erwin,  Tenn , 

Esbon,  Kan 

Escalante,  Utah 

Escalante,  Utah 

Escanaba,  Mich 

Escanaba,  Mich 

Escondido,  Cal 

Escondido,  Cal 

Escondido,  N.M 

Esculapia,  Ark , 

Esculapia,  Ky 

Eskridge,  Kan 

Esmen,  111 

Esmond,  S.D 

Esopus,  N.Y 

Espanola,  N.M 

Esperance,  N.Y 

Esperance,  N.Y 

Espy,  Pa 

Essex,  Conn 

Essex,  111 

Essex,  111 

Essex,  111 

Essex,  Iowa 

Essex,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-beat 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

poet-town 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-beat 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 


County. 


Clarke 

Heard 

Franklin 

Newaygo 

Coffee 

Dickinson 

Reno 

Jackson 

Clarke 

Linn 

Chase 

Valley 

Nelson 

Van  Wert , 

Wallowa. 

Wallowa. 

Moody 

Avoyelles 

Polk 

San  Pete 

Lancaster. 

Fulton 

Livingston 

Rockingham. 

Pike..., 

Butler 

Merrimack.... 

Dubuque 

Gallatiu„ 

Gallatin 

Miller 

Alturas 

Jones 

Grant 

Otter  Tail 

Renville 

Wheeler 

Weld 

Weld 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Miami 

Neosho 

Neosho 

Sedgwick 

Monroe 

Becker 

McDonald 

Cass 

Ottawa 

Erie 

Stephenson... 

Hancock 

Macomb 

Rice 

Chemung 

Houston 

Washington.. 

Garfield 

St.  Croix 


Grundy 

Coos 

Campbell.... 

Howard 

Traill 

Jewell 

Franklin 

Dickenson... 

Wilkes 

Steuben 

Unicoi 

Jewell 

Garfield 

Garfield 

Delta 

Delta 

San  Diego... 
San  Diego... 

Socorro 

Benton 

Lewis 

Wabaunsee.. 
Livingston.. 
Kingsbury.. 

Ulster 

Santa  Fe 

Schoharie.... 
Schoharie.... 
Columbia.... 
Middlesex... 
Kankakee... 
Kankakee... 
Stark. 


Garfield. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


362 

819 

2,213 

1,388 


411 
429 
179 
4,226 
644 


488 
1,764 
3,340 
2,157 
1,081 
1,636 
1,571 
381 
909 


1,715 
500 
767 


795 
172 
415 
343 


358 
778 
537 
724 

1,334 
270 
257 

1,721 
177 
650 


595 
27,737 

761 

152 
2,692 

846 
1,562 

485 
1,273 


1,013 


269 
161 


2,159 


565 
872 


635 
2,095 
555 
557 
623 
623 
834 
3,029 


1,250 
""876 
'4,736 


1,378 

341 

462 

1,855 

1,043 


1,462 
617 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Ilssex,  Maw 

Essex,  Micb 

Essex,  N.Y 

Essex,  Vt 

Essexville,  Mich 

Estabrook,  N.D 

Estacado,  Tex 

Estell,  Neb 

Estelline,  S.D 

Eatelline,  S.P 

Estes  Park,  Col 

Estherville,  Iowa 

Estherville,  Iowa 

Estillville,  Va 

Ethridge,  Ga 

Etiwanda,  Cal 

Etna,  Cal 

Etua,  Cal 

Etna,  Ind. 

Etna,  Ind 

Etna,  Iowa 

Etna,  Me 

Etna,  0 

Etna,  Pa 

Etna  Green,  Ind 

Etohlugamute,  Alaska 

Etowah,  Ga 

Ettrick,  Wis 

Ettricks,  Va 

Euchee  Anna,  Fla 

Euclid,  Minn 

Euclid,  Minn 

Euclid,  0 

Eudora,  Kan 

Eudora,  Ran 

Eudora,  Miss 

Eufaula,  Ala 

Eufaula,  Ala 

Eufaula,  Ala 

Eugene,  Ind 

Eugene,  Mo 

Euharlee,  Ga 

Euharlee,  Ga 

Eulalia,  Pa 

Eupora,  Miss 

Eureka,  Cal 

Eureka,  Cal 

Eureka,  Cal 

Eureka,  Col 

Eureka,  Col 

Eureka,  111 

Eureka,  Iowa 

Eureka,  Iowa , 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Mich 

Eureka,  Minn 

Eureka,  Neb 

Eureka,  Neb 

Eureka,  Neb 

Eureka,  Nev 

Eureka,  S.D , 

Eureka,  S.D 

Eureka,  S.D 

Eureka,  Utah 

Eureka,  Wis 

Eureka  Springs,  Ark... 

Europe,  Ga 

Eustis.  Fla 

Enstis,  Me 

Eustis,  Neb 

Eutah.Ga 

Eutaw,  Ala 

Eutaw,  Ala , 

Eutawville,  S.O 

Eva,  Ala 

Evan,  Kan 

Evangeline,  Mich 

Evans,  Col 

Evans,  Col 

Evans,  Ga 

Evans,  111 

Evans,  Iowa 

Evans,  N.Y 

Evansburg,  Pa 

Evans  City,  Pa 

Kvanston,  111 

Evanston,  Wyo 

Evansville,  111 

Evansville,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

township 

post-town 

post  town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vlU 

post-prect 

township 

post-vlll 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poBt-town 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 


County. 


Essex 

Clinton 

Essex 

Chittenden 

Bay 

Foster 

Crosby 

Hayes 

Hamlin 

Hamlin 

Larimer 

Emmet 

Emmet 

Scott 

Jones 

San  Bernardino 

Siskiyou 

Siskiyou 

Kosciusko 

Whitley 

Hardin 

Penobscot 

Licking 

Alleghany 

Kosciusko 


Floyd 

Trempealeau ... 

Chesterfield 

Walton 

Polk 

Polk 

Cuyahoga 

Douglas 

Douglas 

De  Soto 

Tallapoosa 

Barbour 

Barbour 

Vermilion 

Carroll 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Potter 

Webster 

Humboldt 

Humboldt 

Nevada 

San  Juan 

San  Juan 

Woodford 

Adair 

Sac 

Barton 

Cheyenne 

Greenwood 

Greenwood 

Kingman 

Mitchell 

Rice 

Saline 

Montcalm 

Dakota 

Furnas 

Jefferson 

Valley 

Eureka 

Aurora 

Brookings 

McPherson 

Juab 

Polk 

Carroll 

Fayette 

Lake 

Franklin 

Frontier 

Paulding 

Greene 

Greene 

Berkeley  

Morgan 

Kingman 

Charlevoix 

Weld 

Weld 

De  Kalb 

Marshall 

Mahaska 

Erie 

Crawford 

Butler 

Cook 

Uintah 

Randolph 

Randolph 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,670 
1,784 
1,462 
2,104 


356 

138 

2,964 

545 


361 
1,076 

577 
2,466 

895 
1,166 
2,334 

388 


910 

1,656 

677 

366 

200 

67 

2,776 

2,029 

572 


655 
8,162 
3,836 
1,341 


3,425 

24 

564 


3,484 

2,639 

683 


123 
1,185 
506 
361 
327 


1,994 
1,127 


407 


430 
924 
895 
440 
302 


4,207 


122 

595 

3,984 

419 


302 


728 
3,237 
1,101 


383 
366 


761 
1,777 


2,610 
197 


6,705 

1,277 

1,098 

321 


1,713 

1,611 

1,437 

2,013 

1,646 

86 

238 

201 

646 

210 

136 

1,713 

1,475 

3,828 

664 

231 

782 

271 

1,168 

680 

2,277 

646 

1,053 

3,767 

411 

25 

711 

1,841 

991 

293 

262 

262 

3,780 

2,105 

618 

106 

606 

8,217 

4,394 

1,664 

1,834 

1,405 

144 

1,268 

432 

7,011 

4,858 

440 

69 

49 

1,481 

676 

936 

301 

292 

668 

2,269 

330 

393 

542 

974 

933 

761 

345 

806 

418 

1,609 

178 

286 

622 

1,733 

808 

3,706 

458 

835 

321 

145 

815 

3,344 

1,115 

224 

237 

440 

719 

787 

306 

643 

1,898 

609 

2,692 

291 

637 

13,059 

1,995 

1,276 

407 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bvansville,  Ind 

Evansville,  Minn 

Evansville,  Minn 

Evansville,  Wis 

Evart,  Mich 

Evart,  Mich 

Evarts,  Minn 

Eveline,  Mich 

Evening  Shade,  Ark.... 

Evening  Star,  Mont 

Everest,  Kan 

Everest,  N.D 

Everett,  Kan 

Everett,  Mass 

Everett,  Mich 

Everett,  Mo 

Everett,  Neb 

Everett,  Neb 

Everett,  Pa 

Everett's  Springs,  Qa.... 

Everglade,  Minn 

Evergreen,  Ala 

Evergreen,  Col 

Evergreen,  Kan 

Evergreen,  Mich 

Evergreen,  Mich 

Evergreen,  Minn 

Evergreen,  Neb 

Evers,  Ga 

Everson,  Pa 

Evesham,  N.J 

Ewing,  Ark 

Ewing,  111 

Ewing,  111 

Ewing,  Neb 

Ewing,  Neb 

Ewing,  N.J 

Ewington,  Minn 

Example,  Kan 

Excel,  Minn 

Excelsior,  Iowa 

Excelsior,  Mich 

Excelsior,  Minn 

Excelsior,  Minn 

Excelsior,  Wash 

Excelsior,  Wis 

Excelsior  Springs,  Mo, 

Exeter,  111 

Exeter,  Kan 

Exeter,  Me 

Exeter,  Mich 

Exeter,  Mo 

Exeter,  Mo 

Exeter,  Neb 

Exeter,  Neb 

Exeter,  N.H 

Exeter,  N.Y 

Exeter,  Pa 

Exeter,  Pa 

Exeter,  Pa 

Exeter,  Pa 

Exeter,  R.I 

Exeter,  Wis 

Exira,  Iowa 

Exiiu,  Iowa 

Exline,  Iowa 

Exline,  S.D 

Exposition  Mills,  Ga . 

Express,  Ore 

Extra,  Ark 

Bylau,  Tex 

Eyota,  Minn 

Eyota,  Minn 

Ezel,  Ky 

Fabins,  Iowa 

Fabins,  Mich 

Fabins,  Mo 

Fabins,  Mo 

Fabins,  Mo 

Fablus,  N.Y 

Fabius,  N.Y 

Faceville.Ga 

Fackler,  Ala 

Factory,  Ala 

Factory,  Qa 

Factoryville,  Pa 

Faggart,  N.C 

Fahlun,  Minn 

Fair,  Mo , 

Fairbank,  Ariz 

Fairbank,  Iowa 

Fairbank,  Iowa 

Fairbank,  S.D , 

Fairbanks,  Ind 

Fairbanks,  Mich 

Fairbanks,  Minn 


Banker 
place. 


city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

po8t-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vlll 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. 


Vanderburg 

Donglas 

Douglas 

Rock 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Otter  Tail 

Charlevoix 

Sharp , 

Jefferson 

Brown 

Cass 

Woodson 

Middlesex , 

Newaygo 

Cass 

Burt , 

Dodge 

Bedford , 

Floyd 

Stevens , 

Conecuh 

Jefferson 

Cheyenne 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 

Becker 

Dawes 

Monroe 

Fayette 

Burlington 

Boone 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Holt 

Holt 

Mercer 

Jackson 

Haskell 

Marshall 

Dickinson 

Kalkaska 

Hennepin , 

Hennepin 

Whatcom , 

Sauk 

Clay 

Scott 

Clay 

Penobscot 

Monroe 

Barry 

Barry 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Rockingham... 

Otsego 

Berks 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Wyoming 

Washington.... 

Green 

Audubon 

Audubon 

Appanoose 

Spink 

Fulton 

Baker 

Ashley 

Bowie 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Morgan 

Davis 

Saint  Joseph... 

Knox 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Onondaga 

Onondaga. 

Decatur 

Jackson 

Marion 

Warren 

Wyoming 

Cabarrus 

Kandiyohi 

Platte.. 

Cochise 

Buchanan 

Buchanan 

Sully 

Sullivan 

Delta. 

Grow  Wing , 

101 


PopuUtioa. 


1880.      1890. 


29,680 
654 


1,068 

1,077 

1,.<J02 

117 

664 

286 


712 
4,169 

784 
1,131 

916 


1,247 


54 
985 


1,366 
216 


967 


1,602 


1,564 
170 


2,412 

88 


13 

168 
513 
417 


1,109 


291 

477 

1,274 

1,822 


993 
412 
3,569 
1,353 
2,469 
1,021 


159 
1,310 

893 
1,547 

604 
34 


387 


708 

404 

47 

1,072 

1, 

1,095 

1,857 

1,826 

2,069 

405 

1,750 


1,476 
462 
712 
395 

1,276 


1,175 
223 


1,331 
669 


60,766 

680 

462 

1,623 

1,215 

1,269 

366 

923 

281 

84 

478 

816 

736 

11,068 

576 

934 

1,994 

680 

1,679 

615 

168 

1,783 

308 

178 

1,308 

836 

146 

594 

1,023 

906 

1,501 

598 

1,670 

290 

810 

348 

3,129 

202 

166 

336 

124 

339 

468 

619 

319 

1,299 

2,034 

244 

574 

939 

1,716 

1,069 

244 

1,466 

754 

4,284 

1,245 

2,308 

452 

790 

144 

964 

916 

1,739 

676 

76 

106 

601 

418 

536 

200 

610 

377 

124 

1,074 

1,036 

1,104 

1,777 

1,978 

1,717 

S12 

663 

931 

608 

1,652 

677 

748 

473 

1,263 

478 

1,276 

448 

88 

1,268 

740 

122 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Fairbanks,  "Wi8 

Fair  Bluff,  N.C 

Fair  Bluff,  N.C 

Fairburn,  Ga , 

Fairburn,  Ga 

Fairbury,  111 

Fairbury,  Neb 

Fairbury,  Neb 

Fairchance,  Pa 

Fairchild,  Wis 

Fairchild,  Wis 

Fairdale,  Neb 

Fairfax,  Iowa 

Fairfax,  Kan 

Fairfax,  Minn 

Fairfax,  Minn 

Fairfax,  Mo 

Fairfax,  Vt 

Fairfax,  W.  Va 

Fairfield,  Ala 

Fairfield,  Ala 

Fairfield,  Cal 

Fairfield,  Conn 

Fairfield,  111 

Fairfield,  111 

Fairfield,  Ind 

Fairfield,  Ind 

Fairfield,  Ind 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Kan 

Fairfield,  Ky 

Fairfield,  Me 

Fairfield,  Mich 

Fairfield,  Mich 

Fairfield,  Minn 

Fairfield,  Mo 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  N.J 

Fairfield,  N.Y 

Fairfield,  N.C 

Fairfield,  N.D 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  Ore 

Fairfield,  Pa 

Fairfield,  Pa 

Fairfield,  Pa 

Fairfield,  S.D 

Fairfield,  Tex 

Fairfield,  Utah 

Fairfield,  Vt 

Fairfield,  Va 

Fairfield,  Va 

Fairfield,  Wis 

Fair  Forest,  S.C 

Fair  Garden,  Tenn. 
Fair  Grove,  Mich.... 

Fairhaven,  111 

Fairhaven,  Mass 

Fair  Haven,  Mich... 
Fair  Haven,  Minn... 
Fair  Haven,  N.T.... 

Fair  Haven,  Vt 

Fairhaven,  Wash.... 

Fair  Hill,  Md 

Fairland,  Ind 

Fairlee,  Vt 

Fairmont,  Cal 

Fairmont,  Kan 

Fairmont,  Minn 

Fairmont,  Minn 

Fairmont,  Neb 

Fairmont,  Neb 

Fairmont,  Ore 

Fairmont,  W.  Va.... 
Fairmont,  W.  Va.... 
Fairmount,  &c.,  Col. 

Fairmount,  Fla 

Fairmount.  Ga 

Fairmount,  111 

102 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

district 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 


County. 


Shawano 

Columbus 

Columbus 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Livingston 

Jefferson , 

Jefierson 

Fayette 

Eau  Claire 

Eau  Claire 

Howard 

Linn 

Osage 

Polk 

Benville 

Atchison 

Franklin 

Tucker 

Covington 

Pickens 

Solano 

Fairfield 

Bureau 

Wayne 

De  Kalb 

Franklin 

Tippecanoe 

Buena  Vista 

Cedar. 

Fayette 

Grundy 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Palo  Alto 

Bussell 

Nelson 

Somerset 

Lenawee 

Shiawassee 

Swift 

Carroll 

Brown 

Clay 

Harlan 

Hayes 

Cumberland 

Herkimer 

Hyde 

Grand  Forks.... 

Butler 

Columbiana 

Greene 

Highland 

Huron 

Madison 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Marion 

Crawford 

Lycoming 

Westmoreland.. 

Beadle 

Freestone 

Utah 

Franklin 

Henrico 

Northumberl'd 

Sauk 

Spartanburg 

Sevier 

Tuscola 

Carroll 

Bristol 

Huron 

Stearns 

Cayuga 

Butland 

Whatcom 

Cecil 

Shelby 

Orange... 

Los  Angeles 

Butler 

Martin 

Martin 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Benton 

Marion 

Marion 

Otero 

Citrus 

Gordon 

Pike 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


191 
1,807 

218 
2,280 

663 
2,140 
1,581 
1,261 


887 
304 
241 
1,201 
674 


1,820 


2,696 
424 

3,748 
915 

1,391 

1,518 

817 

17,314 

234 

710 

1,330 
834 
807 

4,221 

3,086 
168 


1,036 

3,044 

2,230 

900 

304 


919 
222 


3,215 
1,666 
1,089 


14,692 

3,178 

380 

2,470 

1,359 

1,663 

814 

731 

233 

929 

478 

1,611 


358 

172 

2,172 

6,851 

2,272 

744 

1,730 

1,199 

1,609 

1,177 

2,875 

974 

420 

621 

2,211 


2,088 
367 
469 


519 
385 
541 
1,137 
600 


2,645 
900 


814 
1,028 


792 

1,878 

243 

2,149 

696 

2,324 

3,368 

2,630 

1,092 

1,216 

646 

?400 

1,110 

932 

296 

361 

329 

1,523 

1,606 

583 

3,187 

505 

3,868 

847 

1,881 

1,361 

674 

17,766 

602 

614 

1,642 

836 

798 

4,303 

3,391 

607 

228 

913 

3,619 

2,263 

977 

450 

890 

99 

1,903 

309 

165 

1,688 

1,663 

1,321 

139 

26,010 

2,889 

310 

2,342 

1,138 

1,484 

1,110 

726 

198 

841 

468 

1,757 

147 

499 

273 

1,826 

9,028 

2,313 

672 

1,847 

1,324 

1,968 

1,146 

2,919 

769 

606 

738 

2,791 

4,076 

2,011 

513 

398 

721 

627 

437 

1,206 

1,729 

1,029 

230 

3,228 

1,023 

332 

170 

976 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Fairmount,  111 

Fairmount,  Ind 

Fairmount,  Ind 

Fairmount,  Kan 

Fairmount,  Md 

Fairmount,  N.D 

Fairmount,  N.D 

Fairmount,  Pa 

Fairmount  City,  Pa., 

Fairplain,  Mich 

Fair  Play,  Ark 

Fair  Play,  Col 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ind 

Fair  Play,  Kan 

Fairport,  N.Y , 

Falrport,  0 

Fairview,  Ala 

Fairview,  Ark 

Fairview,  Cal , 

Fairview,  Col 

Fairview,  111 


Fairv 
Fairvi 
Fairv: 
Fairv 
Fairv: 
Fairvi 
Fairv 


Fairview,  Iowa.. 


Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv: 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv 


Fairview,  Ky. 


Fairv: 
Fairv: 
Fairv 


Fairview,  Minn.. 


Fairv: 
Fairv: 
Fairv 
Fairv: 
Fairv: 
Fairvi 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv: 
Fairv 
Fairv: 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairvi 
Fairv 
Fairvi 
Fairv 
Fairv 
Fairv 


ew.  111 

ew,  Ind 

ew,  Iowa., 
ew,  Iowa,, 
ew,  Iowa... 
ew,  Iowa.., 
ew,  Iowa... 


ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan. 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 
ew,  Kan., 


ew,  Ky. 
ew,  Ky.. 
ew,  Ky. 


ew.  Mo., 
ew.  Mo..., 
ew.  Mo... 
ew.  Neb.., 
ew,  Neb.., 
ew.  Neb., 
ew.  Neb.., 
ew,  Neb., 
ew.  Neb.., 
ew,  N.M., 
ew,  N.C, 
ew,  N.D.. 

ew,0 

ew,  Pa.... 
ew.  Pa.... 
ew.  Pa.... 
ew.  Pa.... 

ew.  Pa 

ew.  Pa.... 


Fairview,  Pa., 

Fairv 

Fairv: 

Fairv 

Fairv 

Fairv 

Fairv 

Fairv 

Fairvi 

Fairvi 

Fairv: 

Fairv 

Fairv 

Fairv 


ew,  S.C 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  S.D 

ew,  Utah 

ew,  Utah 

ew,  W.  Va... 

ew,  W.  Va... 

ew,  W.  Va... 

Faison,  N.C 

Faison,  N.C 

Falcon,  Ark 

Falcon,  Col 

Falconer,  N.Y 

Falconer,  N.D 

Falkenstein,  Kan. 

Falkland,  N.C 

Falkland,  N.C 

Falkville,  Ala 

Fall  Brook,  Cal.... 

Fall  Brook,  Pa 

Fall  Creek,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-twp 


County. 


Vermilion 

Grant 

Grant 

Leavenworth... 

Somerset 

Bichland 

Bichlaud 

Luzerne 

Clarion 

Montcalm 

Saline 

Park 

Carroll 

Cherokee 

Douglas 

Fannin 

Habersham 

Morgan 

Greene 

Marion 

Monroe 

Lake 

Etowah 

Independence.. 

Yolo 

Custer 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Fayette 

Allamakee 

Jasper 

Jones 

Monona 

Osceola 

Shelby 

Barton 

Butler 

Cowley 

Ford 

Jefferson 

Labette 

Bepublic 

Bush 

Bussell 

Stafford 

Bracken 

Metcalfe 

Todd 

Todd 

Lyon 

Caldwell 

Henry 

Livingston 

Dawson 

Frontier 

Holt 

Lincoln 

Madison 

Sarpy 

Sierra 

Buncombe 

Bolette 

Guernsey 

Butler 

Butler 

Erie 

Erie 

Luzerne 

Mercer 

York 

Greenville 

Campbell 

Clay 

Hand 

Hanson 

Lincoln 

Potter 

Sully 

San  Pete 

San  Pete 

Hancock 

Marion , 

Wayne 

Duplin , 

Duplin 

Nevada 

El  Paso 

Chautauqua 

Grand  Forks..., 

Stanton 

Pitt , 

Pitt 

Morgan 

San  Diego 

Tioga 

Adams 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


503 
1,802 

563 
1,143 
2,802 


1,086 
644 

1,422 
421 


1,213 
851 
900 
460 
423 
612 
830 
447 

1,920 
296 
442 
319 
448 


1,296 

394 

639 

658 

2,599 

3,325 

501 

76 

919 

266 

383 


705 
852 
667 


1,228 


1,060 
612 

2,741 

95 

287 

890 

848 

1,526 


997 


162 

3,930 

333 

1,482 
425 


834 
2,150 
2,261 


1,014 
863 


195 

157 
2,355 


1,937 


860 
978 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Fall  Creek,  Ind 

Fall  Creek,  Ind 

Fall  Creek,  Ind 

Fall  Creek,  N.C 

Fall  Creek,  Ore 

Falling  Creek,  Ga 

Falling  Creek,  N.C 

Falling  River,  Va. 

Falling  Spring,  W.  Va.. 

Falling  Springs,  Mo 

Falling  Water,  Ga 

Falling  Waters,  W.Va. 

Fallowfleld,  Pa 

Fall  Blver,  Cal 

Fall  Biver,  Col 

Fall  River,  111 

Fall  Biver,  Kan 

Fall  Biver,  Kan 

Fall  Biver,  Kan 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Falls,  Iowa 

Falls,  Kan 

Falls,  Kan 

Falls,  0 

Falls,  0 

Falls,  Ore 

Falls,  Pa 

Falls,  Pa 

Falls,  W.  Va 

Fallsbnrg,  N.Y 

Fallsburg,  0 

Falls  Church,  Va 

Falls  Church,  Va 

Falls  City,  Neb 

Falls  City,  Neb 

Falls  Mills,  Va 

Falls  of  Blaine,  Ky 

Fallston,  Pa 

Fallstown,  N.C 

Falmouth,  Ky 

Falmouth,  Ky 

Falmouth,  Me 

Falmouth,  Mass 

Falmouth,  Va 

Falun,  Kan 

Fancy  Creek,  111 

Fancy  Creek,  Kan 

Fancy  Farm,  Ky 

Fancy  Gap,  Va 

Fannett,  Pa 

Fannin,  Miss 

Fanny,  Minn 

Fanwood,  N.J 

Farber,  Mo 

Farewell  Bend,  Ore 

Fargo,  Kan 

Fargo,  N.D 

Fargo,  N.D 

Faribault,  Minn 

Farina,  111 

Farley,  Iowa 

Farley,  Minn 

Farmdale,  Ky 

Farmer,  111 

Farmer,  Kan 

Fanner,  Kan 

Farmer,  N.Y 

Farmer,  0 

Farmer  City,  111 

Farmer  Creek,  Iowa.... 

Farmer's,  Ky 

Farmer's,  Ky 

Fanner's,  Neb 

Farmer's,  Utah 

Farmersburg,  Ind 

Famiersburg,  Iowa 

Farmers  Valley,  Neb... 

Farmersville,  Ala 

Farmersville,  Ky 

Farmersville,  N.Y 

Farmersville,  0 

Farmersville,  Tex 

Farmerville,  La. 

Farming,  Minn 

Farmingdale,  Me 

Farmington,  Conn 

Farmington,  Del 

Farmington,  Ga 

Farmington,  111 

Farmington,  111 

Farmington,  Iowa 

Farmington,  Iowa 

Farmington,  Iowa 

Farmington,  Kan 

Farmington,  Kan 

Farmington,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
township 
township 
township 
'  -prect 
dist 
•twp 
dlst 
=,-di8t 
nship 
•dist 
.-dist 
-twp 


post-; 

mil. 

post 

mag. 

mag 

tow 

mil 

mag.-i 

post' 


township 

precinct 

township 


lip 


townsh 

post-vil. 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-beat 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Hamilton 

Henry 

Madison 

Yadkin 

Lane 

Oglethorpe ... 

Lenoir 

Campbell 

Greenbrier.... 

Oregon 

Habersham... 

Berkeley 

Washington.. 

Shasta 

Clear  Creek.. 

La  Salle 

Greenwood.... 
Greenwood.... 

Wilson 

Bristol 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Chase 

Sumner 

Hocking 

Muskingum.. 

Wasco 

Bucks 

Wyoming 

Fayette 

Sullivan 

Licking 

Fairfax 

Fairfax 

Richardson... 
Richardson... 

Tazewell 

Lawrence 

Beaver 

Iredell 

Pendleton 

Pendleton 

Cumberland.. 
Barnstable.... 

Stafford 

Saline 

Sangamon 

Riley 

Graves 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Bankin 

Polk 

Union 

Audrain 

Crook 

Seward 


Rice 

Fayette 

Dubuque 

Polk 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Rice 

Wabaunsee.... 

Seneca 

Defiance 

De  Witt 

Jackson 

Rowan 

Bowan 

Franklin 

Salt  Lake 

Sullivan 

Clayton 

Hamilton 

Lowndes 

Caldwell 

Cattaraugus.. . 
Montgomery.. 

Collin 

Union 

Stearns 

Kennebec 

Hartford 

Kent 

Oconee 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Cedar , 

Van  Buren..., 
Van  Buren..., 

Bepublic 

Books 

Stafford 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,778 
2,054 
2,479 
1,525 

185 
1,124 
1,443 
3,230 
2,558 

119 


1,249 
811 
998 


553 
1,019 

102 

1,398 

48,961 

1,112 

1,871 

681 
5,195 
1,733 

583 
2,385 
1,126 

837 
2,945 

929 
3,281 

660 
2,819 
1,583 


799 

560 
1,191 
4,366 

967 
1,622 
2,422 
1,834 

566 
1,299 

760 


2,006 
2,374 
2,926 


1,167 
117 


2,692 

5,415 

318 

471 


1,255 

876 

381 

544 

1,302 

1,289 

1,433 

957 

187 


320 
237 

1,087 
621 
809 
882 

1,128 
794 
230 
712 
286 
789 

3,017 


651 

2,104 

1,111 

1,372 

1,681 

781 

670 

610 


1,629 

2,320 

2,544 

1,756 

437 

1,041 

1,161 

3,662 

2,978 

180 

394 

1,188 

1,084 

988 

57 

395 

1,081 

454 

1,203 

74,398 

1,056 

2,913 

1,031 

5,092 

1,591 

370 

2,463 

1,043 

1,099 

3,041 

871 

3,257 

792 

2,908 

2,102 

228 

1,370 

541 

1,530 

4,558 

1,146 

1,580 

2,567 

1,887 

595 

1,282 

549 

86 

2,272 

2,330 

2,831 

158 

1,305 

272 

68 

381 

102 

5,664 

6,520 

618 

582 

176 

370 

1,288 

721 

386 

660 

1,301 

1,367 

1,232 

1,198 

367 

414 

634 

301 

977 

759 

903 

944 

1,082 

472 

1,093 

472 

623 

821 

3,179 

468 

845 

2,654 

1,375 

1,398 

1,841 

1,002 

843 

246 

462 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Farmington,  Kan.... 

Farmington,  Ky 

Farmington,  Ky 

Farmington,  Me 

Farmington,  Me 

Farmington,  Mich... 
Farmington,  Mich... 
Farmington,  Minn... 
Farmington,  Minn... 

Farmington,  Mo 

Farmington,  N.H.... 
Farmington,  N.M.... 

Farmington,  N.Y 

Farmington,  N.C 

Farmington,  N.D 

Farmington,  0 

Farmington,  Pa 

Farmington,  Pa 

Farmington,  Pa 

Farmington,  S.D 

Farmington,  S.D 

Farmington,  S.D 

Farmington,  Utah... 
Farmington,  Wash... 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farmland,  Ind 

Farm  Ridge,  111 

Farmville,  N.C 

Farmville,  N.C 

Farmville,  Va 

Farmville,  Va 

Farnham,  Va 

Farnhamville,  Iowa. 

Farragut,  Iowa 

Farrierville,  Ala 

Farringtou,  111 

Farris,  Ark 

Far  Bockaway,  N.Y. 

Farwell,  Mich 

Faucett,  N.C 

Faucett,  N.C 

Faulk,  Ala 

Faulkner,  Ark 

Faulkton,  S.D 

Faunsdale,  Ala 

Faunsdale,  Ala 

Fausse  Poiute,  La.... 

Favor,  Ala 

Fawn,  Pa 

Fawn,  Pa 

Fawn  Creek,  Kan.... 

Fawn  Grove,  Pa 

Fawn  Lake,  Minn... 
Fawn  Biver,  Mich... 

Faxon,  Minn 

Fayette,  Ark 

Fayette,  111 

Fayette,  Ind 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Me 

Fayette,  Mich 

Fayette,  Mo 

Fayette,  N.Y 

Fayette,  0 

Fayette,  0 

Fayette,  Pa 

Fayette,  S.D 

Fayette,  Utah 

Fayette,  Wis 

Fayette  City,  Pa 

Fayetteville,  Ala 

Fayetteville,  Ala 

Fayetteville,  Ark 

Fayetteville,  Ga 

Fayetteville,  111 , 

Fayetteville,  111 

Fayetteville,  N.Y 

Fayetteville,  N.C 

Fayetteville,  Tenn... 

Fayetteville,  Tex 

Fayetteville,  W.  Va. 

Fayston,  Vt 

Fearing,  0 

Featherstone,  Minn. 
Federal  Point,  N.C, 
Federalsburg,  Md.... 
Federalsburg,  Md.... 

Felch,  Mich 

Felicity,  0 

Felix,  lU 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

pOBt-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

ward 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

pos^viH 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 


Connty. 


Washington 

Graves 

Graves 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Olmsted 

Saint  Francois.. 

Strafford 

San  Juan 

Ontario 

Davie 

Walsh 

Trumbull 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren 

Day 

Lake 

Sully 

Davis 

Whitman 

Jefferson 

La  Crosse 

Polk 

Washington 

Waupaca 

Bandolph 

La  Salle 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Prince  Edward 
Prince  Edward 

Richmond 

Calhoun 

Fremont 

Bullock 

Jefferson 

Stone 

Queens 

Clare 

Alamance 

Halifax 

Barbour 

Polk 

Faulk 

Marengo 

Marengo 

Iberia 

Tuscaloosa 

Alleghany 

York 

Montgomery.... 

York 

Todd 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Sibley 

Calhoun 

Livingston 

Vigo 

Decatur 

Fayette 

Linn 

Kennebec 

Hillsdale 

Howard 

Seneca 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Juniata 

Potter , 

San  Pete 

Lafayette 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Talladega 

Washington 

Fayette 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Onondaga 

Cumberland 

Lincoln 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Washington 

Washington 

Goodhue 

New  Hanover... 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Iron 

Clermont 

Grundy 

103 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,692 

99 

3,363 

1,482 

1,840 

377 

688 

849 

608 

3,044 


1,978 
2,537 


1,152 

2,185 

995 

1,149 


1,073 

76 

2,039 

1, 

968 
1,770 

764 

661 
1,128 
2,497 

111 
3,310 
2,058 
1,465 


380 

1,400 

936 


521 
1,687 
2,479 
1,760 


3,298 


2,237 

628 

636 

1,685 

1,182 


702 

658 

199 

712 

1,936 

869 

996 

783 

766 

2,125 

1,247 

3,316 

579 

2,308 

2,028 


278 
1,148 

867 
1,190 
1,712 
1,788 

138 


348 
1,666 
3,485 
2,104 


2,784 
638 

1,275 
964 
441 

1,711 
338 


1,047 
882 


699 

1,994 

89 

3,207 

1,243 

1,639 

320 

667 

748 

1,394 

3,064 

336 

1,703 

2,646 

477 

1,226 

2,598 

907 

983 

344 

376 

60 

1,036 

418 

1,847 

1,810 

899 

1,601 

1,087 

770 

1,110 

1,981 

140 

3,684 

i,404 

1,616 

137 

406 

1,217 

1,166 

653 

2,288 

584 

2,099 

2,120 

2,570 

219 

462 

3,020 

211 

2,300 

473 

618 

1,647 

1,422 

199 

128 

602 

498 

138 

648 

1,792 

1,215 

1,062 

622 

649 

1,833 

2,247 

2,912 

890 

2,243 

1,755 

120 

151 

822 

931 

1,737 

2,234 

2,942 

380 

1,644 

312 

1,410 

4,222 

2,410 

269 

4,110 

633 

1,027 

874 

440 

2,191 

643 

414 

779 

l,72e 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Felix,  Iowa 

Fell,  Pa .- 

Felton,  Cal , 

FeltoD,  Del 

Felton,  Ga 

Felton,  6a 

Felton,  Minn 

Femme  Osage,  Mo... 

Fenner,  N.Y 

Fennimore,  Wig 

Fennimore,  Wis 

Fennville,  Mich , 

Fenter,  Ark , 

Fenter,  Ark 

Feuton,  111 

Fenton,  Iowa 

Fenton,  Mich 

Fenton,  Mich 

Fenton,  Minn 

Fenton,  N.Y 

Fentress,  N.C 

Ferdinand,  Ind 

Ferdinand,  Ind , 

Ferdinand,  Vt 

Fergus  Falls,  Minn., 
Fergus  Falls,  Minn.. 

Ferguson,  Ark 

Ferguson,  Pa 

Ferguson,  Pa 

Fermanagh,  Pa 

Fernandez     de     Taos, 

N.M 

Fernandina,  Fla 

Fernbank,  0 

Ferndale,  Cal 

Fern  Hill,  Ac,  Wash... 

Fern  Leaf,Ky 

Fern  Valley,  Iowa 

Fernwood,  111 

Fernwood,  Pa 

Fernwood,  Wash 

Ferrells,  N.C 

Ferris,  III 

Ferris,  Mich 

Ferris,  Tex 

Ferrisburg,  Vt 

Ferron,  Utah 

Ferron,  Utah 

Ferry,  Mich 

Ferry,  N.D 

Ferry  Canyon,  Ore 

Fertile,  Iowa 

Fertile,  Minn 

Fertile,  N.D 

Festus,  Mo 

Fetterman,  W.  Va 

Fetterman,  W.  Va 

Fidelity,  111 

Fidelity,  N.D 

Field,  111 

Field,  N.D 

Field  Creek,  Mo 

Fieldon,  111 

Fieldon,  Minn 

Fife  Lake,  Mich 

Fife  Lake,  Mich 

Fifleld,  Wis 

Fifleld,  Wis 

Fifth,  Ga 

Fifth,  Ga 

Filer,  Mich 

Filley,  Neb 

Filley,  Neb.... 

Fillmore,  111 

Fillmore,  Iowa 

Fillmore,  Ky 

Fillmore,  Mich 

Fillmore,  Minn 

Fillmore,  Mo 

Fillmore,  Mo 

Fillmore,  Utah 

Fincastle,  Va 

Fincher,  Ga 

Findlay,  O 

Findlay,  0 

Findley,  Pa 

Findley,  Pa. 

Fine,  N.Y 

Fine's  Creek,  N.C.  .... 

Fiulayson,  Minn 

Finley,  Ind 

Finley,  Kan 

Finley,  Mo 

Finley,  Mo 

Finley,  Mo 

Finley,  N.C 

104 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post- vi  11 

poat-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Grundy 

Lackawanna.. 
Santa  Cruz..... 

Kent 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Clay 

Saint  Charles. 

Madison 

Grant 

Grant 

Allegan , 

Grant 

Hot  Spring 

Whiteside 

Kossuth , 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Murray 

Broome 

Guilford 

Dubois 

Dubois 

Essex 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Yell 

Centre , 

Clearfield 

Juniata. 


Taos , 

Nassau 

Hamilton , 

Humboldt...., 

Pierce , 

Mason , 

Palo  Alto 

Cook 

Delaware 

Snohomish  ... 

Nash , 

Hancock 

Montcalm...., 

Ellis 

Addison 

Emery , 

Emery 

Oceana 

Grand  Forks, 

Gilliam 

Worth 

Polk 

Walsh 

Jefiferson 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Jersey 

Bottineau 

Jefferson 

Nelson 

Henry 

Jersey 

Watonwan ... 
Grand  Traverse 
Grand  Traverse 

Price 

Price , 

Coweta 

Fayette 

Manistee 

Gage 

Gage 

Montgomery. ., 

Iowa 

Logan 

Allegan 

Fillmore , 

Andrew , 

Bollinger , 

Millard 

Botetourt 

Whitfield 

Hancock 

Hancock , 

Alleghany 

Mercer , 

St.  Lawrence.. 

Haywood 

Pine 

Scott 

Decatur 

Christian 

Douglas 

Webster 

McDowell 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,023 
441 
271 
383 


2,401 

1,272 

1,126 

295 


279 
2,468 

752 

237 

3,807 

2,152 

36 

1,656 

968 
1,748 

500 

40 

1,914 

1,636 


1,817 

704 

1,114 


2,562 
"  178 


732 
170 


1,202 
182 

1,192 
106 

1,684 


701 


2,162 

358 

1,221 


1,184 


852 
298 
383 
974 


230 

54 

3,621 

1,833 

1,033 

364 


1,850 

1,154 

2,259 

2,345 

1,119 

297 

709 

987 

4,992 

613 

5,553 

4,633 

1,471 

1,609 

893 

1,463 


1,248 


1,914 
719 
761 
846 


1,154 

259 

40:i 

1,038 

314 

232 

2,229 

1,040 

1,423 

616 

360 

382 

3,128 

735 

462 

3,667 

2,182 

222 

1,280 

984 

1,787 

627 

73 

479 

3,772 

1,324 

1,748 

981 


978 

2,803 

367 

763 

2,804 

747 

413 

818 

619 

200 

1,590 

306 

1,314 

311 

1,501 

399 

270 

865 

471 

152 

901 

273 

664 

1,335 

2,495 

557 

1,080 

427 

1,161 

269 

767 

292 

487 

810 

394 

857 

646 

4,447 

1,931 

2,101 

911 

301 

2,051 

1,043 

1,926 

2,151 

875 

261 

767 

838 

5,233 

691 

18,553 

18,553 

1,711 

1,393 

1,207 

1,798 

121 

1,226 

265 

2,670 

1,278 

1,806 

843 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Finney,  Ga 

Fir,  Wash 

Firesteel,  S.D 

First,  Ga 

Firth,  Neb 

Fish  Bay,  Alaska 

Fish  Creek,  Ga 

Fish  Creek,  Mont 

Fish  Creek,  Neb 

Fish  Dane,  S.C 

Fish-Eating  Creek,  Fla. 

Fisher,  Iowa 

Fisher,  Minn 

Fisher,  Minn 

Fisher,  Neb , 

Fish  Haven,  Idaho 

Fishhawk,  Ore 

Fish  Hook,  Wash 

Fishing  Creek,  N.C 

Fishing  Creek,  N.C 

Fishing  Creek,  Pa. , 

Fishing  River,  Mo , 

Fishing  River,  Mo 

Fishkill,  N.Y 

Fishkill,  N.Y 

Fishkill  on   the   Hud 

son,  N.Y 

Fish  Lake,  Minn 

Fish  Pond,  S.C 

Fitchburg,  Mass 

Fitchburg,  Wis 

Fitchville,  O 

Fitzgerald  Sch'l  House, 

Tenn 

Fitzpatrick,  Ala. 

Fitzwilliam,  N.H 

Five  Creeks,  Kan 

Five  Mile,  Ala 

Five  Points,  Ala 

Five  Points,  Ala 

Five  Points,  Neb 

Flagatlokai,  Alaska. 

Flagg,Ill 

Flaggville,  La 

Flagler,  Col , 

Flag  Pond,  Tenn.... 

Flagstaff,  Ariz 

Flambeau,  Wis 

Flanagan,  III 

Flandreau,  S.D , 

Flandreau,  S.D 

Flannigan,  III 

Flat  Branch,  111 , 

Flatbush,  N.Y , 

Flat  Creek,  Ky 

Flat  Creek,  Ky 

Flat  Creek,  Mo 

Flat  Creek,  Mo 

Flat  Creek,  Mo 

Flat  Creek,  N.C 

Flat  Creek,  S.C 

Flat  Creek,  Va 

Flat  Gap,  Ky 

Flat  Gap,  Ky 

Flathead,  Mont 

Flathead,  Mont 

Flatlands,  N.Y 

Jlat  Lick,  Ky 

Flatonia,  Tex 

Flat  River,  N.C 

Flat  Bock,  Ala 

Flat  Rock,  111 

Flat  Rock,  Ind 

Flat  Rock,  Ky 

Flat  Rock,  Ky 

Flat  Rock,  Mich 

Flat  Rock,  N.C 

Flat  Rock,  0 

Flat  Rock,  S.C 

Flatwood,  Ga 

Flea  Hill,  N.C 

Fleener,  Ark 

Fleetwood,  Pa 

Fleming,  Col 

Fleming,  Ga 

Fleming,  N.M 

Fleming,  N.Y 

Flemingsburg,  Ky .. 
Flemingsburg,  Ky  .. 

Flemington,  Pa 

Flemington,  W.  Va., 

Fletchall,  Mo 

Fletcher,  Ark 

Fletcher,  Vt 

Flinn,  Ind 

Flint,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

village 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

l)ost-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

poBt-prect 


County. 


Jones 

Skagit , 

Aurora , 

Coweta 

Lancaster.. 


Polk 

Je£ferson.... 

Greeley 

Union 

DeSoto 

Fremont.... 

Polk 

Polk 

Chase 

Bear  Lake» 

Clatsop 

Franklin.... 
Granville ... 

Warren 

Columbia... 

Clay 

Ray 

Dutchess ... 
Dutchess... 


Dutchess.., 

Chisago 

Barnwell.., 
Worcester., 

Dane 

Huron 


Gibson 

Bullock... 
Cheshire., 

Clay 

Hale 

Elmore... 

Henry 

Sioux 


Ogle 

Saint  Charles... 

Kit  Carson 

Unicoi 

Yavapai 

Chippewa 

Livingston 

Moody 

Moody 

Hamilton 

Shelby 

Kings 

Franklin 

Grant 

Barry 

Pettis 

Stone 

Buncombe 

Lancaster 

Mecklenburg... 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Gallatin 

Missoula 

Kings 

Knox 

Fayette 

Person 

Randolph 

Crawford 

Bartholomew... 

Bourbon 

Metcalfe 

Wayne 

Henderson 

Henry 

Kershaw 

Floyd 

Cumberland 

Lee 

Berks 

Logan 

Jefferson 

Grant 

Cayuga 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Clinton 

Taylor 

Worth 

Mississippi 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Morgan 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


681 


3,407 
230 


1,266 


1,714 


1,411 
683 
239 


49 


2,508 
1,482 
1,446 
2,855 
1,961 
10,732 
682 

2,503 
983 

1,504 

12,429 

978 

822 


1,187 

1,184 

691 

714 

928 


2,716 


767 
"261 


471 
1*068 

7,6;u 


894 
1,432 
1,217 

560 
1,521 
2,672 
2,851 
1,882 


3,127 

1,338 

866 

1,295 

946 

140 

1,540 

1,373 

665 

373 


1,701 

6,346 

999 

2,964 

278 

802 


956 


1,233 

2,668 

811 


1,174 
1,380 


927 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Flint,  Ark 

Flint,  Ga 

Flint,  111  

Flint,  Mich 

Flint,  Mich 

Flint  Corner,  Ga 

Flint  Hill,  Ala 

Flint  Hill,  Ga 

Flint  Hill,  Ga 

Flint  Elver,  Iowa 

Flint  Stone,  Md 

Flintsville,  Ga 

Flippin.Ky 

Flora,  111 

Flora,  111 

Flora,  Ind 

Flora,  Kan 

Flora,  Minn 

Flora,  Miss 

Flora  Creek,  Ore 

Floral  City,  Fla 

Florence,  Ala 

Florence,  Ala 

Florence,  Ariz 

Florence,  Cal 

Florence,  Col 

Florence,  Ga 

Florence,  111 

Florence,  111 

Florence,  111 

Florence,  Iowa 

Florence,  Kan 

Florence,  Ky 

Florence,  Mich 

Florence,  Minn 

Florence,  Neb 

Florence,  N.J 

Florence,  N.Y 

Florence,  0 

Florence,  0. 

Florence,  Ore 

Florence,  S.C 

Florence,  S.C 

Florence,  S.D 

Florence,  S.D 

Florence,  Tex 

Florence,  Wash 

Florence,  Wis 

Florence,  Wis 

Floresville,  Tex 

Florida,  Col 

Florida,  Ga 

Florida,  Ind 

Florida,  Mass 

Florida,  Minn 

Florida,  Mo 

Florida,  N.Y 

Florida,  0 

Florissant,  Col 

Florissant,  Col 

Flounce  Rock,  Ore 

Flour,  Minn 

Flovilla,  Ga 

Flowerfield,  Mich 

Flower  Field,  Neb 

Flowery  Branch,  Ga.... 
Flowery  Branch,  Ga.... 

Floyd,  111 

Floyd,  Ind 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  N.Y 

Floyd,  S.D 

Floyd,  Va 

Floyd  Mill,  Ala 

Floyds,  S.C 

Floyds,  S.C 

Floydsburg,  Ky 

Floyd  Springs,  Ga 

Flushing,  Mich 

Flushing,  Mich 

Flushing,  N.Y 

Flushing,  N.Y 

Flushing,  0 

Flushing,  0 

Flynn,  Mich 

Flynn's  Lick,  Tenn 

Fogleman,  Ark 

Foldal,  Minn 

Folden,  Minn 

Folker,  Mo 

Folkston,  Ga 

Folley,  Ore 

Folsom,  Ga 

8 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

district 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

townshij 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Benton 

Ups^ 

Pike , 

Genesee 

Genesee , 

Carroll 

Coosa 

Fannin 

Talbot 

Morris 

Alleghany 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Boone 

Clay 

Carrol! 

Dickinson 

Renville 

Madison 

Curry 

Citrus 

Lauderdale.... 
Lauderdale.... 

Pinal 

Los  Angeles.. . 

Fremont 

Stewart 

Randolph 

Stephenson.... 

Will 

Benton 

Marion , 

Boone 

Saint  Joseph. . 

Goodhue 

Douglas 

Burlington..., 

Oneida 

Erie 

Williams 

Lane 

Florence  

Florence , 

Hamlin 

Hand 

Williamson... 

Snohomish 

Florence 

Florence 

Wilson , 

La  Plata 

Quitman 

Parke 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Med.. 

Monroe 

Montgomery., 

Henry 

El  Paso 

El  Paso , 

Jackson 

Norman , 

Butts 

Saint  Joseph. 

Banner. 

Hall 

Hall , 

Warren , 

Putnam 

Floyd 

O'Brien 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

Oneida , 

Sanborn , 

Scott 

Lee 

Horry 

Newberry 

Oldham 

Floyd , 

Genesee 


Queens , 

Queens , 

Belmont...., 
Belmont...., 

Sanilac , 

Jackson 

Crittenden. 
Marshall.... 
Otter  Tail- 
Clark 

Charlton...., 
Tillamook . 
Lowndes.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,130 
2,340 
424 
1,395 
8,409 


408 
467 
1,189 
1,309 
1,531 
1,159 


1,012 

1,494 

224 

388 

602 


137 


1,359 
902 


1,911 

761 

1,195 

847 

1,267 

954 

1,518 

899 

977 

564 

1,528 

2,073 

1,330 

2,228 


3,082 
1,914 


267 
275 


461 

1,944 

459 

155 


3,249 
245 


146 


1,438 


975 

289 

1,062 

1,152 

1,014 

1,098 

438 

194 

1,115 


1,486 
1,051 
1,270 
2,830 

600 
1,317 
2,192 

690 

15,906 

6,683 

1,705 

334 

526 


240 


74 

1,022 

734 


612 


1,233 

1,371 

345 

1,330 

9,803 

3.50 

372 

656 

1,029 

2,188 

1,524 

1,367 

256 

869 

1,695 

639 

684 

734 

228 

346 

87 

8,310 

6,012 

1,486 

750 

732 

1,572 

682 

1,044 

774 

1,233 

1,229 

1,440 

791 

900 

1,357 

1,922 

1,489 

1,145 

2,438 

444 

6,224 

3,395 

132 

156 

263 

295 

1,709 

444 

913 

351 

518 

3,170 

436 

189 

124 

2,296 

288 

752 

439 

143 

653 

422 

1,184 

118 

1,113 

350 

841 

1,044 

979 

2,108 

992 

475 

920 

238 

1,949 

1,119 

1,704 

2,651 

668 

922 

2,444 

965 

19,803 

8,463 

2,142 

528 

889 

44 

767 

290 

435 

959 

600 

90 

808 


Name  of  place  and 
stftte. 


Rank  of 
place. 


Folsom,  Minn 

Folsom,  N.M 

Folsom  City,  Cal 

Fonda,  Iowa 

Fonda,  N.Y 

Fond  du  Lac,  III 

Fond  du  Lac,  Minn 

Fond  du  Lac,  Minn 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 

Fontana,  Kan 

Fontanelle,  Iowa 

Fontanelle,  Neb 

Fontanel,  Ind 

Foot,  Kan 

Foot  Creek,  Ore 

Forbes,  Col 

Forbes,  Mo 

Forbes,  Ac,  S.D 

Forbush,  N.C 

Ford,  Kan 

Ford,  Kan 

Ford,  Ky 

Ford,  Neb 

Ford,  N.D 

Ford  City,  Pa 

Fordham,  S.D 

Ford  River,  Mich 

Ford's  Ferry,  Ky 

Fordsville,  Ky 

Fordsville,  .Ky 

Fordyce,  Ark 

Fordyce,  Ark 

Forest,  Cal 

Forest,  Ga 

Forest,  Ind 

Forest,  Iowa 

Forest,  Mich 

Forest,  Mich 

Forest,  Mich 

Forest,  Minu 

Forest,  Miss 

Forest,  0 

Forest,  Va 

Forest,  Wis 

Forest,  Wis 

Forest,  Wis 

Forest,  Wis 

Forestburg,  N.Y 

Forest  City,  Cal 

Forest  City,  111 

Forest  City,  Iowa 

Forest  City,  Iowa 

Forest  City,  Me 

Forest  City,  Minn 

Forest  City,  Mo 

Forest  City,  Neb 

Forest  City,  N.C 

Forest  City,  Pa 

Forest  City,  S.D 

Forester,  Mich 

Forest  Grove,  Ore 

Forest  Grove,  Ore 

Forest  Hill,  Cal 

Forest  Hill,  Ind 

Forest  Hill,  W.  Va 

Forest  Home,  Mich 

Forest  Lake,  Minn 

Forest  Lake,  Pa 

Foreston,  Minn 

Poreston,  S.C 

Forestport,  N.Y 

Forest  Prairie,  Minn.. 

Forest  River,  N.D 

Forestville,  Ga 

Forestville,  Minn 

Forestville,  N.Y 

Forestville,  Wis 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ky 

Fork,  Md 

Fork,  Mich 

Fork,  N.C 

Fork,  N.C 

Fork,  S.C 

Fork,  Va 

Forkland,  Ala 

Fork  Lick,  W.  Va 

Fork  of  Sepulga,  Ala., 

Forks,  Ky 

Forks,  Pa 

Forks,  Pa 

Forks  of  Elkhorn,  Ky, 


township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Traverse 

Colfax 

Sacramento 

Pocahontas 

Montgomery.... 

Tazewell 

St  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Fond  du  Lac..., 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Miami 

Adair 

Washington 

Vigo 

Gray 

Jackson 

Las  Animas 

Holt 

Charles  Mix 

Yadkin 

Ford 

Ford , 

Clark 

Scott's  Bluff. 

Nelson , 

Armstrong 

Clark , 

Delta 

Crittenden , 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Dallas 

Dallas , 

Sierra 

Echols , 

Clinton 

Winnebago 

Cheboygan , 

Genesee 

Missaukee 

Rice 

Scott 

Hardin 

Bedford 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Richland 

Saint  Croix 

Vernon 

Sullivan 

Sierra 

Mason 

Howard 

Winnebago 

Washington.... 

Meeker 

Holt 

Sarpy 

Rutherford 

Susquehanna.. 

Potter 

Sanilac 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Placer 

Decatur 

Summers 

Antrim 

Washington.... 
Susquehanna... 

Mille  Lacs 

Clarendon 

Oneida 

Meeker 

Walsh , 

Floyd 

Fillmore 

Chautauqua 

Door 

Habersham 

Hall 

Madison 

Putnam 

Edmonson 

Dorchester , 

Mecosta , 

Warren 

Wayne 

Anderson 

Warren 

Greene 

Webster.. 

Conecuh 

Estill 

Northampton... 

Sullivan 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


168 
944 
776 
150 
200 
1,364 
13,094 
174 
563 
708 


118 


1,009 


1,414 


814 

1,061 

3,333 

85 


1,182 
397 


1,882 

50 

853 


987 
4,008 
1,388 

950 


1,058 
620 
925 
968 


638 
421 
562 


940 
942 
547 
688 
109 
1,300 
201 
233 
990 


1,358 
506 


529 

874 

724 

1,042 

389 

763 

815 

667 

761 

1,820 

343 

1,187 

1,656 

2,055 

1,006 

3,421 

1,083 

963 

1,706 

1,382 

964 

1,386 


17« 

37T 

699 

625 

1,190 

864 

625 

525 

1,126 

12,024 

256 

830 

803 

621 

251 

116 

319 

1,006 

698 

1,565 

467 

148 

381 

117 

140 

1,255 

118 

837 

1,063 

5,005 

281 

1,792 

980 

664 

426 

1,608 

1,690 

161 

1,696 

193 

822 

647 

1,126 

4,041 

1,311 

1,151 

190 

1,055 

714 

238 

888 

1,032 

895 

287 

640 

423 

1,003 

419 

2,319 

222 

933 

1,268 

668 

650 

124 

1,356 

548 

536 

907 

287 

282 

1,519 

814 

586 

771 

755 

788 

1,361 

494 

695 

798 

706 

845 

1,787 

670 

1,191 

1,603 

2,300 

1,218 

3,360 

1,416 

921 

1,129 

1,189 

788 

1,662 


105 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  aixi 
state. 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


Forks  of  Sandy  R'r,Ky.  precinct 

Forkston,  Fa post-twp 

Forksville,  Pa post-boro' 

Fork  Union,  Va mag.-diat 

Forman,  N.D township 

Forman,  N.D post-Till 

Forney,  Tex post-town 

Forney's  Creek,  N.C....  post-twp 

Forrest,  111 township 

Forrest,  111 post-vill 

Forrest  City,  Ark post-town 

Forrester,  Kan post-twp 

Forrester  Creek,  Ky mag.-dist 

Forreston,  111 township 

Forreston,  111 post-vill 

Forsyth,  Ga mil.-dist 

Forsyth,  6a post-vill 

Forsyth,  Mich post-twp 

Forsyth,  Mont post-town 

Fort  Ann,  N.Y post-town 

Fort  Apache,  Ariz post-town 

Fort  Assinaboine,Mont.  post-town 
Fort  Atkinson,  Iowa....  post-vill 

Fort  Atkinson,  Wis city 

Fort  Bassenger,  Fla precinct 

Fort  Bayard,  N.M post-town 

Fort  Bennett,  S.D post-town 

Fort  Benton,  Mont post-town 

Fort  Bragg,  Cal post-town 

Fort  Branch,  Ind post-vill 

Fort  Bridger,  Wyo post-town 

Fort  Brook,  Fla township 

Fort  Browder,  Ala precinct 

Fort  Calhoun,  Neb post-twp 

Fort  Chiswell,  Va mag.-dist 

Fort  Clark,  Tex township 

Fort  Collins,  Col post-town 

Fort  Covington,  N.T....  township 
Fort  Covington,  N.Y....  post-vill 

Fort  Custer,  Mont post-town 

Fort  D.A .  Knssell,Wyo.  post-town 

Fort  Deposit,  Ala precinct 

Fort  Deposit,  Ala post-vill 

Fort  Doane,  Fla precinct 

Fort  Dodge,  Iowa city 

Fort  Duchesne,  Utah....  post-prect 

Fort  Edward,  N.Y post-town 

Fort  Fairfield,  Me post-town 

Fort  Gaines,  Ga. post-town 

Fort  George,  Fla post-prect 

Fort  Grant,  Ariz post-vill 

Fort  Gratiot,  Mich township 

Fort  Gratiot,  Mich city 

Fort  Green,  Fla post-prect 

Fort  Hamilton,  N.Y post-vill 

Fort  Harriman,  Utah...  precinct 

Fort  Howard,  Wis city 

Fort  Huachuca,  Ariz....  post-vill 

Fortier,  Minn township 

Fort  Jennings,  0 post-vill 

Fort  Jones,  Cal post-town 

Fort  Kent,  Me post-town 

Fort  Keogh,  Mont post-town 

Fort  Lewis,  Col post-prect 

Fort  Lowell,  Ariz village 

Fort  Lupton,  Col precinct 

Fort  Lupton,  Col post-vill 

Fort  McKinney,  Wyo..  post-town 

Fort  Madison,  Iowa city 

Fort  Mason,  Fla post-prect 

Fort  Meade,  Fla post-town 

Fort  Meade,  S.D post-town 

Fort  Mill,  S.C township 

Fort  Mill,  S.C post-vill 

Fort  Missoula,  Mont....  post-town 

Fort  Morgan,  Col precinct 

Fort  Morgan,  Col post-town 

Fort  Motte,  S.C post-town 

Fort  Myers,  Fla precinct 

Fort  Myers,  Fla. village 

Fort  Ogden,  Fla post-prect 

Fort  Osage,  Mo township 

Fort  Payne,  Ala precinct 

Fort  Payne,  Ala post-town 

Fort  Perry,  Ga mil.-dist 

Fort  Pierre,  S.D post-vill 

Fort  Plain,  N.Y post-vill 

Fort  Ransom,  N.D post-twp 

Fort  Recovery,  0 post-vill 

Fort  Reed,  Fla post-town 

Fortress  Monroe,  Va....  post-vill 

Fort  Russell,  111 township 

Fort  San  Carlos,  Ariz...  post-vill 

Fort  Scott,  Kan city 

Fort  Shaw,  Mont township 

Fort  Sheridan,  111 post-vill 

106 


Pike 

Wyoming 

Sullivan 

Fluvanna 

Sargent 

Sargent 

Kaufman 

Swain 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Saint  Francis... 

Ness , 

Harlan 

Ogle , 

Ogle 

Monroe 

Monroe , 

Marquette 

Custer 

Washington 

Apache 

Choteau 

Winneshiek 

Jefferson 

De  Soto 

Grant. 

Stanley 

Choteau 

Mendocino 

Gibson 

Uintah 

Hillsborough.... 

Barbour 

Washington 

Wythe 

Kinney 

Larimer 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Custer 

Laramie 

Lowndes 

Lowndes 

Lee 

Webster 

Uintah 

Washington 

Aroostook 

Clay 

Duval 

Graham 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

De  Soto 

Kings 

Salt  Lake 

Brown 

Cochise 

Yellow  Med 

Putnam 

Siskiyou 

Aroostook 

Custer 

La  Plata 

Pima 

Weld 

Weld 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lake 

Polk 

Meade 

York 

York 

Missoula 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Orangeburg 

Lee 

Lee 

DeSoto 

Jackson 

DeKalb 

De  Kalb 

Marion 

Stanley 

Montgomery..,. 

Ransom 

Mercer 

Orange 

Elizabeth  City 

Madison 

Gila 

Bourbon 

Cascade 

Lake 


Population. 


1880. 


953 

754 

108 

3,346 


317 
562 
1,292 
357 
903 


2,374 
1,108 
1,898 
1,105 
291 


3,263 


450 

435 

1,969 


1,618 


778 
44 


3,214 

859 

2,301 

1,030 

1,356 

2,424 

931 

739 

508 

2,230 

350 


3,586 


4,680 

2,807 

867 


243 

622 

1,280 


342 
3,083 


66 
164 


1,512 
600 


227 


279 
4,679 


105 


2,834 
290 


107 


2,207 


817 

287 

2,443 


525 
1,413 


5,372 


1890. 


1,137 

761 

191 

3,033 

329 

178 

811 

926 

1,891 

1,021 

1,021 

187 

394 

2,217 

1,118 

1,681 

920 

270 

308 

2,696 

413 

660 

480 

2,283 

181 

609 

245 

624 

945 

748 

295 

448 

2,223 

1,187 

2,847 

821 

2,011 

2,207 

870 

582 

553 

2,573 

618 

21 

4,871 

470 

4,424 

3,526 

1,097 

85 

498 

774 

2,832 

563 

2,617 

221 

4,754 

296 

190 

286 

266 

1,826 

614 

749 

545 

892 

113 

291 

7,901 

292 

267 

576 

3,244 

689 

271 

810 

488 

279 

628 

575 

352 

2,441 

3,510 

2,698 

353 

360 

2,864 

402 

1,186 

298 

741 

1,284 

344 

11,946 

275 

451 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Fort  Smith,  Ark 

Fort  Snelling,  Minn 

Fort  Spring,  W.  Va 

Fort  Stanton,  N.M 

Fort  Sully,  S.D 

Fort  Sumner,  N.M 

Fort  Susan,  Wash 

Fort  Thompson,  Fla 

Fort  Tongas,  Alaska.... 

Fort  Totten,  N.D 

Fort;Union,  N.M 

Fort  Valley,  Ga. 

Fort  Valley,  Ga 

Fortville,  Ind 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind 

Fort  White,  Fla 

Fort  Wingate,  N.M 

Fort  Winnebago,  Wis.. 

Fort  Worth,  Tex 

Fort  Yates,  Ac,  N.D.... 

Forty  Fort,  Pa 

Forward,  Pa 

Forward,  Pa 

Fossil,  Ore 

Fosston,  Minn 

Fossum,  Minn 

Foster,  Ga 

Foster,  III 

Foster,  Ky 

Foster,  31ich 

Foster,  Minn 

Foster,  Mo 

Foster,  Neb 

Foster,  Ore 

Foster,  Pa 

Foster,  Pa 

Foster,  Pa. 

Foster,  R.I 

Foster,  S.D 

Foster  Bar»  Cal 

Fosterburg,  111 , 

Fosterburg,  111 

Foster's  Mills,  Ga 

Foster  Store,  Ala 

Fostoria,  0 

Fountain,  Col 

Fountain,  Kan , 

Fountain,  Minn , 

Fountain,  Minn , 

Fountain,  S.D 

Fountain,  Wis , 

Fountain,  Wis , 

Fountain  Bluff,  111 , 

Fountain  City,  Ind , 

Fountain  Creek,  111 

Fountain  Green,  111 

Fountain  Green,  Utah. 
Fountain  Green,  Utah. 

Fountain  Inn,  S.C 

Fountain  Prairie.Minn. 
Fountain  Prairie,  Wis.. 

Fourche,  Ark 

Fourchee,  Mo 

Fourche  Lafave,  Ark.. 

Four  Mile,  Col 

Four  Mile,  Ac,  Col...  . 

Four  Mile,  Idaho 

Four  Mile,  111 

Four  Mile,  Iowa 

Four  Mile,  Kan , 

Four  Mile,  Neb , 

Four  Mile,  S.C 

Four  Oaks.  N.C , 

Fourth,  Ga , 

Fourth,  Ga 

Fowler,  Ind 

Fowler,  Kan 

Fowler,  Mich 

Fowler,  N.Y 

Fowler,  0 

Fowl  River,  Ala 

Fowlstown,  Ga 

Fox,  111 

Fox,  III 

Fox,  Iowa 

Fox,  O 

Fox,  Ore 

Fox,  Pa 

Fox,  Pa 

Foxborough,  Mass 

Foxburg,  Pa 

Fox  Creek,  Ala.... 

Fox  Creek,  Ala 

Fox  Creek,  Mo 

Fox  Creek,  Neb 

Foxcroft,  Me 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

poet-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 


County. 


Sebastian 

Hennepin.... 
Greenbrier.. 

Lincoln 

Sully 

Guadaloupe.. 
Snohomish... 
Lee 


Benson , 

Mora 

Houston 

Houston 

Hancock 

Allen 

Columbia 

Bernalillo 

Columbia 

Tarrant 

Boreman 

Luzerne 

Alleghany 

Butler 

Gilliam 

Polk 

Norman 

Greene 

Marion 

Bracken 

Ogemaw 

Faribault , 

Bates 

Pierce 

Umatilla 

Luzerne 

McKean 

Schuylkill 

Providence 

Beadle 

Yuba 

Madison 

Madison 

Floyd 

Tuscaloosa 

Seneca 

El  Paso 

Ottawa 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Edmunds 

Buffalo 

Juneau 

Jackson 

Wayne 

Iroquois 

Hancock 

San  Pete 

San  Pete 

Greenville 

Pipe  Stone 

Columbia 

Pulaski 

Rijpley 

Perry 

El  Paso 

Routt 

Latah 

Wayne 

Polk 

Morris 

Otoe 

Barnwell 

Johnston , 

Coweta , 

Fayette 

Benton 

Meade , 

Clinton 

St.  Lawrence.... 

Trumbull 

Mobile 

Decatur , 

Jasper 

Kendall 

Black  Hawk.... 

Carroll 

Grant 

Elk 

Sullivan 

Norfolk 

Clarion 

Clay 

Randolph 

Harrison , 

Lincoln 

Piscataquis 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


3,099 
352 

1,530 
118 


164 
4,031 
1,277 

634 
26,880 


689 
6,663 


478 
1,740 
1,133 


606 
656 
885 
1,196 
206 
406 


5,116 

5,373 

690 

1,652 


498 

1,652 

130 


1,273 
3,569 


829 
922 


963 
815 
446 
471 
799 
1,268 
881 


157 
1,300 
965 
230 
690 


1,982 
522 


670 
1,972 


1,500 
957 
967 


321 

1,690 

861 

574 


781 
1,251 

930 
1,275 


2,256 
661 

2,950 
514 

1,070 

748 

990 

32 

1,263 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS   OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Nume  of  place  and 
state. 


Fox  Island,  Wash 

Fox  Lake,  MiiiD 

Fox  Lake,  Wis 

Fox  Lake,  Wis 

Fox  Mills,  Ala 

Fox  River,  Iowa 

FoxtoD,  S.D 

Foxtown,  Ky 

Fox  Valley,  Ore 

Frackville,  Pa 

Fragrant  Hill,  Kan.... 

Frailey,  Pa 

Framiiigbain,  Mass.... 

Framnas,  Minn 

Francestown,  N.H 

Fraiicesville,  Ind 

Francis,  Neb 

Francis,  Neb 

Francis,  N.D 

Francisco,  Va 

Franconia,  Ala 

Franconia,  Minn 

Franconia,  Minn 

Franconia,  N.H 

Franconia,  Pa 

Frankenlust,  Mich 

Frankenmuth,  Mich... 

Frankford,  Del 

Frankford,  Minn , 

Frankford,  Mo 

Frankford,  N.J 

Frankford,  Pa 

Frankfort,  Ala 

Frankfort,  111 

Frankfort,  111 

Frankfort,  111 

Frankfort,  Ind 

Frankfort,  Iowa 

Frankfort,  Kan 

Frankfort,  Ky 

Frankfort,  Ky , 

Frankfort,  Me 

Frankfort,  Mich 

Frankfort,  Minn 

Frankfort,  N.Y , 

Frankfort,  N.Y 

Frankfort,  0 

Frankfort,  S.D 

Frankfort,  S.D , 

Frankfort,  W.Va 

Frankfort,  Wis 

Frankfort,  Wis 

Frankfort  Springs,  Pa. 

Franklin,  Ala 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Cal , 

Franklin,  Conn 

Franklin,  Ga , 

Franklin,  Ga 

Franklin,  Idaho 

Franklin,  111 

Franklin,  111 , 

Franklin,  111 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Iowa_ 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-towu 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

lK)8t-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

village 

city 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Pierce 

Martin 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Wilcox 

Davis 

Clark  

Madison 

Linn 

Schuylkill 

Dickinson 

Schuylkill 

Middlesex 

Stevens 

Hillsborough.. 

Pulaski 

Holt 

Wheeler 

Burleigh 

Buckingham.. 

Pickens 

Chisago 

Chisago 

Grafton 

Montgomery.. 

Bay 

Saginaw 

Sussex 

Mower 

Pike , 

Sussex 

Cumberland.... 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Will 

Will 

Clinton 

Montgomery.., 

Marshall 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Benzie , 

Wright 

Herkimer 

Herkimer , 


Spink 

Spink 

Mineral 

Marathon 

Pepin 

Beaver 

Macon 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Desha  

Drew 

Grant 

Howard 

Izard 

Little  Biver... 

Marion 

Stone 

Union 

Sacramento.... 
New  London. . 

Heard 

Heard 

Oneida 

De  Kalb 

Morgan 

Morgan 

DeKalb 

Floyd 

Grant 

Harrison 

Hendricks 

Henry 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Kosciusko 

Marion 

Montgomery.. 

Owen 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Wajhington... 

Wayne 

Allamakee .... 
Appanoose .... 

Bremer 

Cass 

Clarke 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


172 
1,791 
956 
830 
752 


2,309 
194 

1,707 
47V 

1,307 

6,235 
247 
937 
368 


1,985 

1,749 

944 

150 

650 

2,566 


1,691 

380 

741 

462 

1,682 

1,514 


1,554 
2,127 

332 
2,803 

817 


9,957 

6,9.58 

1,157 

782 

868 

3,025 

1,085 

648 


639 
142 
977 
669 


978 

1,849 

439 

186 

711 

915 

550 

849 

1,267 

1,606 

686 

1,466 

269 


1,278 

2,343 

316 

1,311 

798 

1,791 

1,664 

1,.363 

1,616 

5,896 

3,116 

1,302 

2,609 

1,920 

1,407 

324 

1,458 

1,649 

1,872 

1,372 

1,428 

897 

775 

766 

952 

671 


120 

351 

1,616 

814 

951 

718 

366 

2,092 

288 

2,520 

669 

1,321 

9,239 

362 

837 

403 

176 

89 

63 

1,831 

1,947 

816 

252 

594 

2,258 

1,206 

1,815 

619 

639 

662 

1,469 

1,464 

826 

1,609 

1,648 

431 

6,919 

887 

1,063 

12,176 

7,892 

1,099 

1,175 

1,148 

3,988 

2,291 

667 

422 

186 

1,488 

331 

648 

180 

947 

606 

363 

1,272 

2,563 

503 

241 

676 

794 

664 

1,092 

950 

1,886 

586 

1,427 

260 

1,330 

1,441 

2,260 

678 

1,246 

771 

1,706 

1,602 

1,199 

1,330 

4,873 

3,781 

1,540 

2,256 

1,936 

1,383 

462 

1,815 

1,745 

1,766 

1,313 

1,163 

860 

671 

748 

1,013 

614 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Frank!: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank: 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 

Frank 


1,  Iowa... 
,  Iowa.. 
I,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa.. 
1,  Iowa.. 
I,  Iowa.. 
I,  Iowa.. 
I,  Iowa.. 
1,  Iowa. . 
1,  Iowa.. 
I,  Iowa.. 
I,  Iowa.. 
I,  Kan... 
L,  Kan... 
I,  Kan... 
1,  Kan... 
I,  Kan.... 
I,  Kan.... 
I,  Kan... 
I,  Kan... 
I,  Kan.... 

1,  Ky 

1,  Ky 

,  La 

1,  Me 

I,  Md 

I,  Md 

:,  Mass.. 
I,  Mich.. 
,  Mich.., 
1,  Mich.. 
1,  Minn... 
,  Minn.. 

1,  Mo 

1,  Mo 

I,  Mo 

1,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

1,  Mo 

1,  Neb 

,,  Neb 

.,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

I,  Neb 

I,  N.H.... 

I,  N.J 

.,  N.J 

,  N.J 

1,  N.J..... 

1,  N.J 

,  N.J 

i.N.Y... 
,N.Y.... 

I,  N.Y 

1,  N.C 

1,  N.C 

I,  N.C... 
1,  N.C... 
,  N.C... 

I,  0 

I,  0 

1,  0 

I,  0 

,  0 

1,  0 

,  0 

I,  0 

I,  0 

I,  0 

1,  0 

I,  o 

1,  0 

1,  0 

I,  0 

,  0 

1,  0 

I,  0 

1,  o 

,  0 

,  0 

,  o 

1,  0 

.  Pa 

,  Pa 

1,  Pa 

1,  Pa 

I,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


townitaip 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Decatur. 

Des  Moines... 

Greene 

Lee 

Linn 

Marion 

Monona 

Monroe 

O'Brien 

Polk 

Story 

Washington.. 

Bourbon 

Edwards 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Ness 

Trego 

Washington.. 

Simpson 

Simpson 

Saint  Mary... 

Hancock 

Baltimore 

Carroll 

Norfolk 

Clare 

Houghton 

Lenawee 

Renville 

Wright 

Dent 

Greene 

Grundy 

Howard 

Howard 

Laclede 

Miller 

Newton 

Butler 

Fillmore 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Richardson... 
Merrimack... 

Bergen 

Essex 

Gloucester. ... 
Hunterdon... 

Somerset 

Warren 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Macon 

Macon 

Rowan , 

Sampson 

Surry 

Adams 

Brown 

Clermont 

Columbiana.. 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Harrison 

Jackson 

Licking 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morrow 

Portage 

Richland 

Ross 

Shelby. 

Summit 

Tuscarawas... 

Warren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Adams 

Alleghany.... 

Bt-aver 

Bradford 

Butler 

Cambria 

Carbon 

Chester 

Columbia 

Erie 

Fayette 

Greene.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


706 

1,671 

700 

1,673 

2,768 

937 

1,646 

650 

452 

776 

998 

872 

1,6.38 

263 

942 

2,621 

354 

427 

634 


3,748 
l.< 
1,702 
1,102 
268 
2,226 
4,051 


2,987 
1,532 


1,698 

1,330 

1,451 

1,261 

1,938 

260 

933 

1,007 

1,767 

1,613 

540 


78 

677 
3,266 
2,206 
1,617 
2,480 
1,338 
3,818 
1,529 
2,907 

660 
1,184 
1,840 

207 
1,820 
1,774 

899 
1,541 
1,165 
3,402 

869 
1,053 
1,871 
3,810 
1,207 
1,216 
1,602 

818 
1,015 
1,261 

967 
4,141 

967 
1,223 

999 
2,203 
1,166 
4,148 
2,386 
1,460 
2,499 

793 

739 

702 
1,047 

734 
1,741 

966 

643 
1,020 
1,373 
1,986 


908 

1,189 

828 

1,457 

2,904^ 

62Z. 

2,101 

64e^ 

1,45S 

749 

972 

76T 

1,410- 

419 

1,178 

790' 

60T 

819 

613 

176 

861 

4,468 

2,324 

2,127 

1,264 

208 

1,369 

4,831 

545 

2,687 

1,406 

284 

1,169 

1,806 

1,686 

1,662 

1,741 

132 

1,322 

2,160 

1,832 

826 

1,111 

212 

656 

669 

4,086 

2,307 

2,007 

2,021 

1,287 

3,764 

1,283 

2,897 

681 

1,346 

2,249 

281 

1,729 

1,880 

1,087 

1,594 

1,084 

2,858 

761 

1,042 

1,731 

4,626 

1,119 

1,119 

1,091 

74:» 

1,240 

1,111 

806 

4,344 

837 

1,086 

1,232 

1,967 

1,127 

4,434 

2,729 

1,323 

2,426 

731 

734 

626 

990 

662 

2,040 

791 

632 

963 

1,668 

2,0Pfl. 


107 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
I'rankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Trankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frankl 
Frank) 
Frankl 


n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  Pa 

n,  S.D 

n,  S.D 

n,  S.D 

n,  S.D 

n,  Tenn 

n,  Tex 

n,  Vt 

n,  Va 

n,  Va 

n,  Wash 

n,  \V.  Va 

n,  W.  Va 

n,  Wis 

n,  Wis 

n,  Wis 

n,  Wis 

n,  Wis 

n,  Wis 

n  Butte,  Ore 

n  Centre,  Iowa 

nJGrove,  111 

nton,  Ky 

nton.  La 

nton,  N.C 

ntou,  N.C 

ntown,  Pa 

nville,  N.Y 

nville,  N.Y 

nville,  N.C 

Franks,  Ark 

Frankstown,  Pa 

Frankton,  Ind 

Frankton,  Va 

Franktown,  Col 

Fraiikville,  Iowa 

Fraser,  Col 

Fraser,  Mich 

Fraser,  Minn 

Fraser,  S.C 

Frasseysburg,  0 

Frazier,  Ala 

Frederic,  Kan 

Frederic,  Mich 

Frederica,  Del 

Frederica,  Iowa 

Frederick,  111 

Frederick,  Md 

Frederick,  Md 

Frederick,  Mo 

Frederick,  Pa 

Frederick,  S.D 

Frederick,  S.D 

Fredericksburg,  Ind.... 
Fredericksburg,  Iowa.. 
Fredericksburg,  Iowa.. 

Fredericksburg,  0 , 

Fredericksburg,  Pa 

Fredericksburg,  Tex.... 

Fredericksburg,  Va 

Fredericktown,  Ky 

Fredericktown,  O 

Fredonia,  Ala 

Fredonia,  Iowa 

Fredonia,  Kan 

Fredonia,  Ky 

Fredonia,  Ky 

Fredonia,  Mich 

Fredonia,  N.Y , 

Fredonia,  Pa 

Fredonia,  Tex 

Fredonia,  Wis 

Freeborn,  Minn 

Freeborn,  Minn 

Freeborn,  Mo 

Freeburg,  III 

Freeburg,  111 , 

Freeburg,  Pa , 

Freedman,  Va , 

Freedom,  Ark 

Freedom,  111 , 

Freedom,  III 

Freedom,  Ind , 

Freedom,  Iowa 

Freedom,  Iowa : 

Freedom,  Kan , 

Freedom,  Kan 

Freedom,  Kan 

108 


Kank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-yill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

district 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

village 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Huntingdon.... 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Snyder 

Susquehanna... 

Venango 

Washington.... 
Westmoreland. 

York 

Campbell 

Hyde 

Jerauld 

Lake 

Williamson 

Bobertson 

Franklin 

Southampton... 
Southampton..., 

King 

Marshall 

Pendleton , 

Jackson 

Kewaunee 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Sauk 

Vernon 

Linn 

Lee 

Lee 

Henry 

Washington.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

York 

Cattaraugus.... 
Cattaraugus.... 

Bandolph 

Saint  Francis.. 

Blair 

Madison 

Northampton... 

Douglas 

Winneshiek.... 

Grand 

Bay 

Martin 

Colleton 

Muskingnm.... 

Crenshaw 

Bice 

Crawford 

Kent 

Bremer 

Schuyler 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Madison 

Montgomery... 

Brown 

Brown 

Washington.... 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Wayne 

Lebanon 

Gillespie 

Spottsylvania.. 
Washington.... 

Knox 

Chambers 

Plymouth 

Wilson 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Callioun 

Chautauqua.. .. 

Mercer 

Mason 

Ozaukee 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Dunklin 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair. 

Snyder 

Alexandria 

Polk 

Carroll 

La  Salle 

Owen 

Hamilton 

Palo  Alto 

Bourbon 

Ellis 

Phillips 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,129 

593 

994 

1,247 

815 

5,010 

1,189 

1,704 

952 


1,632 

311 

1,439 

2,652 

477 


1,878 

1,363 

531 

1,601 

1,875 

1,819 

1,010 

1,319 

446 

367 

730 

2,029 


3,651 
484 
234 

1,982 
672 
944 

2,074 

1,753 
391 

2,624 


970 


300 

269 

1,708 

484 


171 

696 

514 

489 

12,231 

8,659 


1,944 


255 

965 

202 

550 

585 

1,085 

5,010 

1,175 

850 

1,998 

375 

923 

1,810 

191 

1,097 

2,692 

323 


1,839 

414 

72 

1,653 


1,038 
523 


599 

781 

1,163 

237 


268 
1,159 


1,145 

521 

1,063 

1,144 

656 

6,221 

1,654 

1,754 

962 

170 

28 

405 

263 

2,250 

665 

1,300 

3,638 

875 

647 

1,979 

1,546 

626 

1,623 

1,836 

1,868 

1,044 

1,289 

762 

333 

736 

2,010 

97 

3,753 

683 

232 

2,224 

1,021 

1,978 

2,386 

1,505 

520 

2,833 

369 

913 

157 

950 

470 

1,295 

610 

645 

123 

260 

621 

541 

421 

10,498 

8,193 

917 

1,850 

573 

281 

211 

1,127 

321 

600 

612 

1,532 

4,528 

1,260 

847 

2,146 

680 

1,515 

2,032 

249 

954 

3,399 

429 

273 

1,666 

515 

89 

1,860 

1,767 

848 

540 

338 

801 

682 

1,025 

285 

506 

337 

885 

311 

385 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Freedom,  Kan „ 

Freedom,  Me 

Freedom,  Md 

Freedom,  Mich 

Freedom,  Minn 

Freedom,  Mo 

Freedom,  Neb 

Freedom,  N.H 

Freedom,  N.Y 

Freedom,  0 

Freedom,  0 

Freedom,  0 

Freedom,  Pa 

Freedom,  Pa 

Freedom,  Pa 

Freedom,  Wis 

Freedom,  Wis 

Freehold,  N.J 

Freehold,  N.J 

Freehold,  Pa 

Freeland,  Col 

Freeland,  Minn 

Freeland,  Pa 

Freeman,  Ark 

Freeman,  Ark 

I  Freeman,  Iowa 

'  Freeman,  Me 

'  Freeman,  Minn 

!  Freeman,  Mo 

.  Freeman,  N.C 

Freeman,  Wis 

1  Freeman  Creek,  W.  Va. 
I  Freemansburg,  Pa... 
I  Freeman  Val.,  Ac,  Neb. 

i  Freemont,  S.D 

I  Freeo,  Ark 

I  Freeport,  Fla 

I  Freeport,  111 

Freeport,  Kan. 

I  Freeport,  Me 

!  Freeport,  Neb 

Freeport,  0 

Freeport,  O 

Freeport,  Pa 

Free  Soil,  Mich 

Free  Soil,  Mich 

Freetown,  La 

Freetown,  Mass 

Freetown,  N.Y 

Freevllle,  N.Y 

Freidensburg,  Pa 

Frelinghuysen,  N.J. 

Fremont,  Cal 

Fremont,  111 

Fremont,  Ind 

Fremont,  Ind 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa.. 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Kan 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Minn 

Fremont,  Neb 

Fremont,  Neb 

Fremont,  N.H 

Fremont,  N.Y 

Fremont,  N.Y 

Fremont,  N.C 

Fremont,  N.D 

Fremont,  0 

Fremont,  S.D 

Fremont,  Utah 

Fremont,  Wash 

Fremont,  Wis 

Fremont,  Wis 

Fremont,  Wis 

French,  Ark 

French,  Ind 

French  Broad,  N.C... 

Frenchburg,  Ky 

Frenchburg,  Ky 

French  Camps,  Miss. 

French  Creek,  111 

French  Creek,  Iowa, 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 


County. 


Republic 

Waldo 

Carroll 

Washtenaw 

Waseca 

Lafayette 

Hitchcock 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus.... 

Henry 

Portage 

Wood 

Adams 

Beaver 

Blair 

Outagamie 

Sauk 

Monmouth 

Monmouth 

Warren 

Clear  Creek.... 
Lac-qui-Parle. 

Luzerne 

Pope 

Woodruff. 

Clay 

Franklin 

Freeborn 


Franklin , 

Crawford , 

Lewis 

Northampton. 

Greeley 

Moody 

Ouachita 

Walton 

Stephenson 

Harper 

Cumberland.... 

Banner 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Armstrong 

Mason 

Mason 

Saint  Charles.. 

Bristol 

Cortland 

Tompkins 

Berks 

Warren 

Santa  Clara 

Lake 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Benton 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Cedar 

Clark 

Fayette 

Hamilton 

Johnson 


Winneshiek... 

Lyon 

Isabella 

Newaygo 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Tuscola 

Winona 

Dodge 

Wheeler 

Rockingham.. 

Steuben 

Sullivan , 

Wayne 

Cavalier 

Sandusky 

Campbell 

PiUte 

King 

Clark 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Lafayette 

Adams 

Buncombe 

Menifee 

Menifee 

Choctaw 

Edwards 

Allamakee 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


682 

652 

3,154 

1,373 

989 

2,895 


714 
1,312 
1,236 

804 
1,667 

544 

623 
1,228 
1,663 
1,332 
4,302 
2,432 
1,574 


179 
624 


664 


549 

772 

309 

1,978 

1,544 

3,365 

634 


624 

327 

8,616 


2,279 


1,319 
387 

1,614 
318 


1,329 
844 


379 

1,042 

2,163 

1,116 

1,344 

632 

986 

888 

753 

791 

1,126 

670 

726 

658 

1,210 

1,105 

692 

912 

850 

902 

484 

1,188 

1,117 

893 

3,013 


624 
1,277 
2,025 

246 


8,446 
""424 


203 
879 
303 


1,032 


1,382 
143 
420 

1,291 
761 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


French  Creek,  N.Y 

Frencb  Creek,  N.C 

French  Creek,  Pa... 

French  Creek,  Pa 

French  Gulch,  Cal 

French  Lake,  Minn 

French  Lick,  Ind 

Frenchman,  Neb 

Frenchtown,  Mich 

Frenchtown,  Mont 

Frenchtown,  Neb 

Frenchtown,  N.J 

Frenchville,  Me 

Freshwater,  N.D 

Fresno,  Cal 

Frewsburg,  N.Y 

Friar's  Point,  Miss 

Friberg,  Minn 

Fridley,  Minn 

Fridley,  Mont 

Friedensau,  Neb 

Friend,  Col 

Friend,  Neb 

Friend,  Neb 

Friends  Creek,  111 

Friendship,  Ark 

Friendship,  Ga 

Friendship,  Me 

Friendship,  Mich 

Friendship,  Minn 

Friendship,  N.Y 

Friendship,  N.Y 

Friendship,  N.C 

Friendship,  S.C 

Friendship,  Tenn 

Friendship,  Tenn 

Friendship,  Wis 

Friendsville,  111 

Friendsville,  Pa 

Frierson,  Ala 

Frisco,  Col 

Frisco,  N.M 

Frisco,  Okla 

Fristoe,  Mo 

Frogtown,  Ga 

Front  Creek,  Ala 

Frontenac,  Kan 

Front  Royal,  Va 

Front  Royal,  Va 

Frost,  Mich 

Frostburg,  Md 

Frostburg,  Md 

Frozen,  Ky 

Fruita,  Col 

Fruit  Hill,  Ky 

Fruitland,  Iowa 

Fruitland,  Mich 

Fruitport,  Mich 

Fruitville,  N.C 

Fryeburg,  Me 

Fryeburg,  Me 

Fugit,  Ind 

Fulda,Minn 

Fulkerson,  Va 

Fuller,  S.D 

Fuller  Cross  R'ds,  Ala 

FuUerton,  Neb 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  111 

Fulton,  111 

Fulton,  Ind 

Fulton,  Iowa 

Fulton,  Iowa 

Fulton,  Kan , 

Fulton,  Ky , 

Fulton,  Ky , 

Fulton,  Mich 

Fulton,  Mo 

Fulton,  Mo 

Fulton,  N.Y 

Fulton,  N.Y 

Fulton,  N.C 

Fulton,  O 

Fulton,  Ore 

Fulton,  Pa 

Fulton,  S.C 

Fulton,  Tenn 

Fulton,  Wis 

Fulton  Sta'n,  Ac,  Tenn 
Fulton  Station,  Tenn.. 

Fultonville.N.Y 

Funks  Grove,  111 

Funkstown,  Md 

Funter  Bay,  Alaska.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post- town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post,  town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-dist 

hamlet 


County. 


Chautauqua... 

Bladen 

Mercer 

Venango 

Shasta 

Wright 

Orange 

Hayes 

Mouroe.. 

Missoula 

Antelope 

Hunterdon 

Aroostook 

Ramsey 

Fresno 

Chautauqua... 

Coahoma 

Otter  Tail 

Anoka 

Park 

Thayer 

Arapahoe 

Saline 

Saline. 

Macon 

Greene 

Hall 

Knox 

Emmet 

Yellow  Med.... 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Guilford 

Clarendon 

Crockett 

Crockett 

Fond  du  Lac. . 

Wabash 

Susquehanna.. 

Tuscaloosa 

Summit 

Socorro 

Canadian 

Benton 

Lumpkin 

Saint  Clair 

Crawford 

Warren 

Warren 

Clare 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Breathitt 

Mesa 

Christian 

Muscatine 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Currituck 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Decatur 

Murray 

Scott 

Codington 

Crenshaw 

Nance 

Fulton 

Hempstead 

Polk 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Fountain 

Muscatine 

Webster. 

Bourbon 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Gratiot 

Callaway 

Callaway 

Oswego 

Schoharie 

Davie 

Fulton 

Multnomah..., 

Lancaster 

Clarendon 

Lauderdale.... 

Bock 

Obiou 

Obion 

Montgomery. 

McLean , 

Washington... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,042 
1,372 
1,093 
1,286 

589 
1,701 

"2,485 


1,039 
2,288 


1,112 
538 
676 
178 
257 


1,245 
555 

1,471 
530 


938 

466 

178 

2,127 

1,134 

1,321 

1,860 

1,221 

243 

1,013 

1,263 

176 

1,280 


1,313 

227 

1,140 


2,599 
829 
148 

4,057 


1,129 
*i",218 


494 
880 
599 

1,633 
88 

1,740 
150 

2,087 


796 


592 

374 

450 

1,994 

1,733 

1,145 

1,211 

226 

263 

1,538 

826 

1,403 

5,660 

2,409 

3,941 

2,683 

2,678 

1,559 

545 

1, 

1,155 

224 

1,375 

2,693 

284 

881 

819 

1,534 


1,033 

1,494 

903 

1,187 

496 

1,189 

1,869 

178 

2,023 

616 

410 

1,023 

2,560 

146 

10,818 

570 

674 

674 

476 

75 

326 

190 

2,125 

1,347 

1,561 

716 

417 

877 

305 

348 

2,216 

1,369 

1,351 

2,601 

957 

255 

856 

1,104 

139 

1,438 

100 

152 

327 

1,624 

164 

1,422 

600 

2,860 

868 

134 

3,665 

3,804 

1,981 

476 

732 

789 

580 

1,446 

708 

1,418 

495 

1,605 

348 

2,635 

219 

1,141 

1,422 

916 

337 

551 

2,390 

2,099 

1,255 

1,039 

689 

506 

2,587 

1,818 

1,914 

6,577 

4,314 

4,214 

2,316 

1,550 

1,680 

1,524 

1,828 

1,730 

134 

1,363 

3,484 

623 

1,122 

777 

1,281 

26 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Furman,  Ala post-town 

Furr,  N.C township 

Gaddistown,  Ga mil.-dist 

Gadsden,  Ala precinct 

Gadsden,  Ala post-vill 

Gadsden,  Tenn civil-dist 

Gadsden,  Tenn post-vlll 

GafTney  City,  8.0 post-town 

Gagen,  Wis post-twp 

Gagetown,  Mich post-vill 

Gage  Valley,  Neb precinct 

Gahanna,  0 post-vill 

Gaines,  Qa mil.-dist 

Gaines,  Mich township 

Gaines,  Mich township 

Gaines,  N.Y post-town 

Gaines,  Pa post-twp 

Gainesborough,  Tenn...  post-vill 

Gainesborough,  Va mag.-dist 

Gaines  Station,  Mich....  post-vlll 

Gainestown,  Ala post-prect 

Gainesville,  Ala precinct 

Gainesville,  Ala post-vlll 

Gainesville,  Fla city 

Gainesville,  Ga mil.-dist 

Gainesville,  Ga city 

Gainesville,  Ac,  Ky mag.-dist 

Gainesville,  Miss post-beat 

Gainesville,  Mo post-town 

Gainesville,  N.Y post-town 

Gainesville,  Tex city 

Gainesville,  Va... mag.-dist 

Gainsborough,  Ark township 

Gainsville,  Miss beat 

Gaither,  (ja mil.-dist 

Gaithersburg,  Md district 

Galatea,  Col post-prect 

Gale,  Kan township 

Gale,  Wis township 

Galen,  N.Y township 

Galena,  Col precinct 

Galena,  Idaho precinct 

Galena,  111 city 

Galena,  Ind township 

Galena,  Kan city 

Galena,  Md post-town 

Galena,  Minn township 

Galena,  Mo township 

Galena,  Neb township 

Galena,  Neb post-prect 

Galena,  S.D post-town 

Gales,  Minn township 

Gales,  S.D township 

Galesburg,  111 township 

Galesburg,  111 city 

Galesburg,  Kan township 

Galesburg,  Mich post-vill 

Galesburg,  N.D post-twp 

Gales  Creek,  Ore post-prect 

Galesville,  Wis post-vill 

Galice  Creek,  Ore precinct 

Galien,  Mich township 

Galien,  Mich post-vill 

Galilee,  Mich township 

Gallon,  0 city 

Galisteo,  N.M j  precinct 

Galivant's  Ferry,  S.C.  ..i  post-twp 
Galla  Creek,  Ark !  township 


Bank  of 
place. 


Gallagher,  Pa.. 
Galla  Rock,  Ark.... 

Gallatia,  111 

Gallatia,  111 

Gallatin,  Mo 

Gallatin,  Mo 

Gallatin,  Mont 

Gallatin,  N.Y 

Gallatin,  Tenn 

Gallaway,  Tenn.... 
Galley  Rock,  Ark.. 

Gallina,  N.M 

Gallipolis,  0 

Gallipolis,  0 

Gallitzin,  Pa 

Gallitzin,  Pa 

Galloway,  Mo 

Galloway,  N.J 

Gallup,  N.M 

Gait,  Kan 

Gait,  Mo 

Galva,  111 

Galva,  111 

Galva,  Iowa 

Galva,  Kan 

Galveston,  Tex 

Qalvin,  Mont 

Galway,  N.Y 


township 

township 

township 

post-vlll 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Wilcox 

Stanly 

Union. 

Etowah 

Etowah 

Crockett 

Crockett 

Spartanburg, 

Forest 

Tuscola 

Howard 

Franklin 

Elbert 

Genesee 

Kent 

Orleans 

Tioga 

Jackson 

Frederick 

Genesee 

Clarke 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Alachua 

Hall 

Hall 

Allen 

Hancock 

Ozark 

Wyoming.... 

Cooke 

Prince  William 
Independence... 

Kemper 

Newton 

Montgomery. ... 

Kiowa 

Marion 

Trempealeau ... 

Wayne 

Fremont 

Alturas 

Jo  Daviess 

La  Porte 

Cherokee 

Kent 

Martin 

Jasper 

Dixon 

Hayes 

Lawrence 

Redwood 

Aurora 

Knox 

Knox 

Kingman 

Kalamazoo 

Traill 

Washington 

Trempealeau ... 

Josephine 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Manltou 

Crawford 

Santa  ¥6 

Horry 

Pope 

Clinton 

Pope 

Saline 

Saline 

Clay 

Daviess 

Gallatin ,.. 

Columbia 

Sumner 

Fayette 

Yell 

Rio  Arriba 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Christian 

Atlantic 

Bernalillo 

Rice 

Grundy 

Henry 

Henry 

Ida 

McPherson 

Galveston 

Jefferson 

Saratoga 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,886 

471 

3,732 

1,697 

1,186 

231 

400 


236 

718 

1,782 

1,369 

2,338 

508 

352 

2,247 

344 

1,399 

2,495 

960 


3,007 
1,919 
1,860 
1,295 

166 
1,787 
2,667 
2,488 
1,073 
2,766 

559 


866 
1,786 
6,461 


6,451 
940 

1,463 
347 
188 

6,966 


69 
195 


748 

11,437 

351 


289 
410 


1,292 
413 
177 

6,636 


1,111 


386 

717 

1,874 

674 

2,772 

1,141 


1,262 

1,938 

91 

713 


6,227 

4,400 

437 

799 

776 

2,337 


3,000 

2,148 

320 

87 

22,248 


1,902 


196 

1.660 

602 

6,066 

2,901 

1,360 

267 

1,631 

462 

237 

412 

207 

973 

1,736 

1,361 

2,070 

1,187 

462 

2,379 

304 

1,618 

2,262 

1,017 

2,790 

4,484 

3,202 

1,693 

1,413 

176 

2,16« 

6,594 

2,6H 

1,171 

3,616 

717 

2,260 

134 

722 

1,816 

4,922 

40 

37 

6,636 

833 

2,496 

266 

248 

4,.360 

646 

177 

262 

272 

271 

708 

16,264 

578 

702 

281 

670 

637 

112 

1,238 

492 

89 

6,326 

633 

1,327 

766 

359 

684 

1,311 

619 

3,790 

1,489 

168 

1,016 

2,078 

81 

774 

217 

6,369 

4,498 

1,076 

2,392 

1,370 

2,208 

1,208 

431 

663 

3.142 

2;  409 

732 

266 

29,084 

174 

1,635 


109 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Galway,  N.Y 

Gamaliel,  Ky 

Gambier,  O. 

Gaznbier  Bay,  Alaska... 

Gamble,  Pa 

Gandy,  Neb 

Ganeyville,  Ga 

Ganges,  Mich 

Ganier,  111 

Gantt,  8.0 

Gap,  Ark 

Gap  Civil,  N.C 

Gap  Springs,  Ark 

Gardar,  N.D 

Garden,  Iowa 

Garden,  Kan 

Garden,  Kan 

Garden,  Kan 

Garden,  Mich 

Garden,  Mich 

Garden,  Minn 

Garden,  Va 

Garden  City,  Ala 

Garden  City,  Kan 

Garden  City,  Kan 

Garden  City,  Minn 

Garden  City,  Mo 

Garden  City,  Utah 

Garden  Grove,  Iowa 

Garden  Grove,  Iowa 

Garden  Plain,  III 

Garden  Plain,  Kan 

Garden  Prairie,  111 

Garden  Prairie,  S.D 

Garden  Valley,  Idaho.. 

(harden  Valley,  Wis 

Gardenville,  Md 

Gardi,  Ga 

Gardiner,  Col 

Gardiner,  Me 

Gardiner,  Mont 

Gardiner,  N.Y 

Gardiner,  Ore 

Gardiner,  Ore 

Gardner,  111 

Gardner,  111 

Gardner,  Kan 

Gardner,  Kan 

Gardner,  Mass 

Gardner,  Neb 

Gardner,  N.C 

Gardner,  N.D 

Gardner,  Tenn 

Gardner,  Wis 

Gardner  Station,  Tenn. 

Garfield,  Ark 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

GarfleW,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Minn 

Garfield,  Minn 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Nob 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb , 

Garfield,  Neb , 

Garfield,  Neb , 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

110 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 


townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh: 

townsh 

townsh 

townsh  _ 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 


County. 


Saratoga., 
Monroe..., 
Knox 


Lycoming 

Logan 

Charlton 

Allegan 

Kankakee 

Greenville 

Montgomery.... 

Alleghany 

Polk 

Pembina 

Boone 

Cherokee 

Harper 

Harvey 

Delta 

Delta 

Polk 

Buchanan 

Blount 

Finney 

Finney 

Blue  Earth 


Rich 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Whiteside., 
Sedg^wick... 

Boone 

Brown 

Bois6 

Jackson.... 
Baltimore.. 

Wayne 

Huerfano... 
Kennebec., 

Park 

Ulster 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Grundy 

Sangamon., 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Worcester.. 

Buffalo , 

Wilson , 


Weakley 

Door 

Weakley 

Benton 

Calhoun 

Clay 

Hancock 

Ida 

Kossuth 

Lyon 

Mahaska 

Montgomery 
Plymouth.... 

Sioux 

Clay 

Decatur 

Dickinson.... 

Ellsworth 

Garfield 

Jackson 

Kiowa 

Morris 

Norton 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Bush 

Seward 

Smith 

Wabaunsee.. 

Bay 

Grand  Traverse 

Kalkaska 

Mackinac 

Newaygo 

Lac-qui-Parle, 

Polk 

Antelope 

Brown 

Buffalo 

Cuming 

Ouster 

Keya  Paha 

Lancaster 

Lincoln , 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


187 


576 


779 


631 
1,403 
1,391 
1,732 

941 
1,512 

104 


929 
1,134 


528 


1,623 


817 


161 
1,190 

549 
1,119 

631 

140 


1,111 
449 
542 


4,439 


1,794 
576 


786 
1,246 
1,321 

203 
4,988 


1.469 


289 

603 

1,280 


786 


446 


177 

1,258 
660 
8 
754 
635 
396 

1,477 

1,471 

1,879 
850 

1,729 
217 
715 
912 

1,267 
297 
719 

1,267 
458 
638 

2,299 
295 
603 

1,490 
774 
227 
249 

1,213 
554 

1,098 
761 
194 
671 
196 
7a3 
324 
675 
290 

5,491 
117 

1,703 
828 
229 

1,094 

1,249 

1,286 
515 

8,424 
648 

1,617 
291 
263 
805 

1,379 

1,024 
482 
227 
307 
668 
379 
442 

2,722 
697 

1,224 
265 
818 
270 
506 
836 
112 

1,037 
121 
637 
350 
618 
389 
312 
71 
369 
716 
147 
843 
181 

1,090 

1,686 
149 
615 
342 
276 
968 
681 
619 
536 
611 
207 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  N.D 

Garfield,  Ore 

Garfield,  Ore 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  Wash 

Garfield,  Wis 

Garfield,  Wis 

Garibaldi,  Ore 

Garland,  Ala 

Garland,  Ark 

Garland,  Ark 

Garland,  Me 

Garland,  Tex 

Garman,  Neb 

Gamavillo,  Iowa 

Garner,  Ark 

Garner,  Ark 

Garner,  Iowa 

Garner,  Iowa 

Garner,  Miss 

Gamer,  S.D 

Garnett,  Kan 

Garnettwille,  4c.,  Ky... 

Garo,  Col 

Garrard,  Ga 

Garretson,  S.D 

Garrett,  111 

Garrett,  Ind 

Garrettsburg,  Ky 

Garrettsville,  0 

Garrison,  Iowa 

Garrison,  Minn 

Garrison,  Tex 

Garth,  Ala 

Garvanza,  Cal 

Garvin,  S.C 

Gary,  S.D 

Gascon,  N.M 

Gasconade,  Mo 

Gasconade,  Mo 

Gaskill,  Pa 

Graslin,  Neb 

Gasper,  0 

Gassenville,  La 

Gastuu,  Ala 

Gaston,  N.C 

Gastonia,  N.C 

Gastonia,  N.C 

Gate  Creek,  Ore 

Gate  Rock,  Neb 

Gates.  Ala 

Gates,  N.Y 

Gates,  Tenn 

Gatesville,  N.C 

Gatesville,  N.C 

Gatesville,  Tex 

Gatewood,  Mo 

Gatlinburg,  Tenn 

Gaunt,  Wash 

Gay,  Iowa 

Gay  Head,  Mass 

Graylesville,  Ala 

(Jaylord,  Kan 

Gaylord,  Mich 

Gaylord,  Minn 

Gayoso,  Mo 

Gayoso,  Mo 

Gays,  III 

Gaysport,  Pa 

Geary,  W.  Va. 

Geddes.N.Y 

Geddies,  Ala 

Gees  Bend,  Ala 

Geigers,  Fla 

Gem,  Idaho 

Gem,  S.D 

Genda  Springs,  Kan.... 

Genesee,  Idaho 

Genesee,  Idaho 

Genesee,  111 

Genesee,  Mich 

Genesee,  Minn 

Genesee,  N.Y 

Genesee,  Pa 

Genesee,  Wis 

Genesee  Falls,  N.Y 

Geneseo,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

borough 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. 


Nuckolls 

Phelps 

Wayne 

Webster 

Traill 

ClackamM 

Marion 

Clark 

Clay 

Douglas 

Hamlin 

Roberts 

Spink 

Whitman 

Jackson 

Polk 

Tillamook 

Butler 

Hempstead 

Miller 

Penobscot 

Dallas 

Cheyenne 

Clayton 

Union 

White 

Hancock 

Pottawattamie 

Yalabusha 

Sully 

Anderson 

Meade 

Park 

Putnam 

Minnehaha 

Douglas 

De  Kalb 

Christian 

Portage 

Benton 

Crow  Wing 

Nacogdoches.... 

Jackson 

Los  Angeles 

Anderson 

Deuel 

Mora 

Laclede 

Wright 

Jefferson 

Lincoln 

Preble 

Saint  Charles... 

Sumter 

Northampton... 

Gaston 

Gaston 

Lane 

Banner 

Clarke 

Monroe 

Lauderdale 

Gates 

Gates 

Coryell 

Ripley 

Sevier 

Klickitat 

Taylor 

Dukes 

Cherokee 

Smith 

Otsego 

Sibley 

Pemiscot 

Pemiscot 

Moultrie 

Blair 

Roane 

Onondaga 

Hale 

Wilcox 

Duval 

Shoshone 

Brown 

Sumner 

Latah , 

Latah 

Whiteside 

Genesee 

Kandiyohi 

Alleghany 

Potter 

Wausheka 

Wyoming 

Henry 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


46 

702 

1,549 

4,310 

1,211 


1,176 
606 


321 
903 
166 


1,389 
2,288 


803 


1,643 

1,268 

1,418 

969 

255 


2,239 


729 

1,233 

540 


863 


975 
3,088 


457 
1,988 


1,353 
187 
434 


651 
161 


231 
292 


771 
148 


764 
1,532 
7,088 


1,440 

1,537 
543 
974 
883 

1,368 
860 

4,671 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Geneseo,  111 ...... 

Genesee,  Iowa 

Geneseo,  Iowa 

Geneseo,  Kan........ 

Geneseo,  N.Y 

Geneseo,  N.Y 

Geneseo,  S.D 

Geneva,  Ala 

Geneva,  Ga ~ 

Geneva,  111 

Geneva,  III » 

Genera,  Ind 

Geneva,  Ind 

Geneva,  Iowa 

Geneva,'Kan 

Geneva,  Ey 

Geneva,  Mich 

Geneva,  Mich 

Geneva,  Minn 

Geneva,  Neb 

Geneva,  Neb 

Geneva,  N.Y 

Geneva,  N.Y 

Geneva,  O.. 

Geneva,  0 

Geneva,  Pa 

Geneva,  Wis 

Genoa,  III 

Genoa,  111 

Genoa,  Mich 

Genoa,  Neb 

Genoa,  Neb 

Genoa,  Nev 

Genoa,  N.Y 

Genoa,  N.Y 

Genoa,  0 

Genoa,  0 

Genoa,  Wis 

Gentile  Valley,  Idaho.. 

Gentilly,  Minn 

Gentryville,  Mo 

George,  Ore 

George,  Pa 

George,  S.C 

George  Branch,  Ky 

George  Creek,  111 

George's  Creek,  Ky 

George's  Creek,  S.C 

Georgetown,  Cal 

Georgetown,  Cal 

Georgetown,  Col 

Georgetown,  Col 

Georgetown,  Del 

Georgetown,  Del 

Georgetown,  D.C 

Georgetown,  Ga 

Georgetown,  Idaho 

Georgetown,  Idaho 

Georgetown,  111 

Georgetown,  111 

Georgetown,  Ind 

Georgetown,  Ind 

Georgetown,  Ky. 

Georgetown,  Me 

Georgetown,  Mass 

Georgetown,  Mich 

Georgetown,  Minn 

Georgetown,  N.M 

Georgetown,  N.Y 

Georgetown,  0 

Georgetown,  Pa. 

Georgetown,  S.C 

Georgetown,  S.C 

Georgetown,  Tex 

Georgetown,  Utah 

Georgetown,  Wis 

Georgetown,  Wis 

Georgia,  Ala 

Georgia,  Ark 

Georgia,  Ark 

Georgia,  Ac,  Neb 

Georgia,  S.D „ 

Georgia,  Vt 

Georgia  Factory,  Ga.... 

Georgiana,  Ala 

Georgiana,  Ala 

Georgiana,  Cal 

Geranium,  Neb 

Gering,  Neb 

German,  111 

German,  Ind 

German,  Ind 

German,  Ind 

Oerman,  Ind 

German,  Iowa 

German,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

post-twp 

post- vi  11 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

poet-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

hundred 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 


mil. 
prec 
post 


.-dist 


precinct 


•vill 


township 

post-twp 

poBt-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Cotinty. 


Henry 

Cerro  Gordo.- 

Tama 

Rice 

Livingston... 
Livingston .., 

Roberts 

Geneva 

Talbot 

Kane 

Kane 

Adams 

Jennings 

Franklin 

Allen 

Henderson.... 

Midland 

Van  Buren... 

Freeborn 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ashtabula...., 

Ashtabula 

Crawford 

Walworth...., 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Livingston ... 

Nance 

Nance 

Douglas 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Delaware 

Ottawa , 

Vernon , 

Bingham 

Polk 

Gentry 

Clackamas..., 

Fayette 

Colleton 

Breathitt 

Massac 

Lawrence 

Barnwell 

EI  Dorado.... 
El  Dorado.... 
Clear  Creek... 
Clear  Creek.. 

Sussex 

Sussex 


Quitman 

Bear  Lake , 

Bear  Lake 

Vermilion , 

Vermilion 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Scott 

Sagadahoc 

Essex 

Ottawa 

aay 

Grant 

Madison 

Brown 

Beaver 

Georgetown .... 
Georgetown.... 
Williamson .... 

Kane , 

Polk , 

Price , 

Limestone 

Colombia. 

Nevada 

Cherry , 

Grant , 

Franklin 

Clarke 

Butler 

Butler , 

Sacramento...., 

Valley 

Scott's  Bluff..., 

Richland 

Bartholomew.. 

Marshall , 

Saint  Joseph.., 
Vanderburg..., 

Grundy , 

Hancock 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,518 
7T3 
694 


3,340 
1,926 


1,312 

1,646 

1,239 

467 

2,103 

826 

673 


237 

1,311 

454 

945 

376 

7,412 

5,878 

3,167 

1,903 

346 

930 

1,286 

449 

1,008 


187 
313 

2,517 
397 

1,045 
930 
919 


298 


3,332 

2,028 

681 

726 

1,406 

2,063 

1,217 

415 


3,294 
2,273 

895 
12,578 

245 


134 
2,608 

741 
1,562 

218 
5,216 
1,080 
2,231 
1,816 


1,490 
1,293 
288 
4,233 
2,557 
1,364 


123 


876 
648 


1,504 
1,100 
1,234 
277 
1,692 


1,079 
1,256 
3,348 

678 
1,541 
1,145 

191 


3,182 

1,036 

668 

399 

3,534 

2,286 

198 

637 

862 

2,030 

1,692 

748 

1,831 

733 

636 

1,245 

458 

1,428 

485 

2,217 

1,680 

8,877 

7,567 

3,371 

2,194 

293 

1,073 

1,409 

634 

916 

1,090 

793 

434 

2,320 

437 

924 

839 

1,026 

566 

614 

223 

143 

3,478 

2,289 

765 

823 

1,590 

2,378 

1,026 

320 

2,166 

1,927 

2,436 

1,353 

14,046 

348 

350 

212 

2,636 

662 

1,676 

266 

5,864 

849 

2,117 

1,845 

448 

683 

1,172 

1,473 

274 

4,978 

2,895 

2,447 

91 

86 

167 

1,482 

453 

513 

312 

283 

1,282 

857 

2,266 

466 

1,311 

619 

396 

981 

1,029 

3,077 

613 

1,567 

1,013 

387 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


German,  Iowa 

German,  Iowa 

German,  Kan 

German,  Mo 

German,  Mo 

German,  Ac,  Neb 

German,  N.Y 

German,  0 

German,  0 

German,  O 

German,  0 

German,  0 

German,  0 

German,  0 

German,  0 

German,  Pa 

German  Flats,  N.Y 

Germania,  Minn 

Gennania,  Wis , 

Germantown,  III 

Germantown,  III , 

Germantown,  111 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Minn 

Germantown,  Neb 

Germantown,  N.Y 

Germantown,  0 , 

Germantown,  S.D , 

Germantown,  Tenn 

Germantown,  Wis 

Germantown,  Wis 

Germanville,  111 , 

Germanville,  Neb , 

Germanville,  S.C 

Germany,  Ala 

Germany,  Pa , 

Germfask,  Mich 

Gerrardstown,  W.  Va..., 

Gerrish,  Mich , 

Gerry,  N.Y 

Gervais,  Minn 

Gervais,  Ore 

Gerver,  Neb 

Getty,  Minn 

Gettysburg,  Kan 

Gettysburg,  O 

Gettysburg,  Pa 

Gettysburg,  S.D 

Ghent,  Ky 

Ghent,  Ky 

Ghent,  N.Y 

Giard,  Iowa 

Gibbon,  Minn 

Gibbon,  Neb 

Gibbon,  Neb 

Gibbousville,  Idaho 

Gibbs,  N.D 

Gibraltar,  Wis 

Gibson,  Ala 

Gibson,  Cal 

Gibson,  Ga 

Gibson,  Ind 

Gibson,  Mich 

Gibson,  Neb 

Gibson,  0 

Gibson,  Pa 

Gibson,  Pa 

Gibson,  Wis 

Gibsonburg,  O 

Gibson  City,  III 

Gibson  Station,  Tenn.. 
Gibson  Wells,  Tenn.... 

Giddings,  Tex 

Giddy  Swamp,  S.C 

Gitford,  Ark 

Gig  Harbor,  Wash 

Gig  Harbor,  Wash 

Gila  Bend,  Ariz 

Gilakhamute,  Alaska.. 

Gilbert,  S.D 

Gilbert  Hollow,  S.C 

Gilberton,  Pa 

Gilbertsborough,  Ala.. 

Gilboa,  Ind 

Gilboa,  N.Y 

Gilboa,  0 

GIlby,  N.D 

Gilchrist,  Minn 

Gilchrist,  Neb 

Gile,  Wis 

Gilead,  111 

Gilead,  Me 

Gilead,  Mich 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mag.-dist 

village 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

I)ost-prect 

precinct 

town.ship 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

poet-town 

township 

— t-town 


County. 


post 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 


Keokuk. 

Kossuth 

Smith 

Bollinger 

Madison 

Cherry 

Chanango 

Allen 

Auglaize 

Clark_ 

Darke 

Fulton 

Harrison 

Holmes 

Montgomery.... 

Fayette 

Herkimer 

Todd 

Shawano 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Vermilion 

Bracken 

Bracken 

Clark 

Mason 

Cottonwood 

Seward 

Columbia 

Montgomery.... 

Codington 

Shelby 

Juneau 

Washington 

Livingston 

Hayes 

Edgefield 

Monroe 

Adams 

Schoolcraft 

Berkeley 

Roscommon 

Chautauqua 

Polk 

Marion 

Red  Willow 

Steams 

Graham 

i  Darke 

I  Adams 

Potter 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Columbia. 

Clayton 

Sibley 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Lemhi 

Burleigh 

Door 

Morgan 

Sierra 

Glascock 

Washington 

Bay 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Cameron 

Susquehanna.... 

Manitowoc 

Sandusky 

Ford 

Gibeon 

Gibson 

Lee 

Aiken 

Hot  Spring 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Maricopa 


post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 


Hand 

Lexington...., 

Schuylkill 

Limestone 

Benton 

Schoharie 

Putnam , 

Grand  Forks. 

Pope 

Cheyenne 

.\8hland 

Calhoun 

Oxford 

Branch 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,386 


1,200 
1,387 
1,474 


664 
1,589 
2,239 
2,100 
1,809 
2,989 
1,311 
1,517 
3,451 
1,834 
6,746 
81 


1,177 
493 
640 

1,479 


1,814 

756 

268 

7 

1,608 

1,618 


223 

681 

1,979 

647 


1,382 
1,442 
1,002 


2,368 
214 
1.1 


752 


538 

510 

292 

2,814 


1,719 

387 

2,963 

1,390 


164 


368 

123 

1,680 


356 
1,462 

700 

i,:j60 

1,739 
589 
1,260 
1,078 
933 
624 
609 


1,785 
3,098 


921 

2,040 

287 


333 


611 
293 
818 


1,167 

353 

491 

1,484 

1,609 

312 

642 

1,616 

2,186 

2,058 

1,794 

3,103 

1,2.54 

1,594 

2,989 

1,770 

7,255 

256 

131 

1,363 

6.37 

1,178 

1,247 

229 

2,715 

710 

374 

142 

1,683 

1,437 

262 

268 

510 

2,026 

494 

152 

2,054 

1,717 

954 

148 

2,549 

66 

1,088 

277 

726 

199 

619 

641 

274 

3,221 

431 

1,589 

525 

2,903 

1,147 

282 

1,185 

646 

188 

71 

934 

1,237 

177 

197 

1,680 

335 

617 

1,658 

948 

1,020 

1,651 

585 

1,803 

1,146 

684 

1,203 

722 

516 

407 

321 

135 

22 

194 

2,182 

3,687 

1,621 

854 

1,718 

264 

463 

378 

153 

421 

643 

336 

808 


111 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Gilead,  Neb 

Gilead,  0 

Giles,  Ark. 

Giles,  Ga 

Giles,  Va 

Gilford,  Mich 

Gilford,  N.H 

Gilkey,  Ark 

Gill,  Ind 

Gill,  Kan 

Gill,  Mass 

Gill,  N.D 

Gillam,  Ind 

Gill  Creek,  Va 

Gillespie,  111 

Gillespie,  III 

Gillespie,  Neb 

Gillett,  Wis 

Gillett  Grove,  Iowa.. 

Gilley,Ala 

Gilliam,  Mo 

Gillis  Bluff,  Mo 

Gillsburg,  Miss 

Gills  Creek,  S.C 

Gilman,  Col 

Oilman,  Col 

Gilman,  111 

Oilman,  Iowa 

Gilman,  Iowa 

Gilman,  Kan 

Gilman,  Wis 

Gilmanton,  Minn.... 

Gilmanton,  N.H 

Gilmanton,  Wis 

Gilmanton,  Wis 

Gilmer,  111 

Gilmer,  N.C 

Gilmer,  Tex 

Gilmer  Cut-Off,  Ga... 

Gilmore,  Ga 

Gilmore,'Mich 

Gilmore,  Mich 

Gilmore.  Pa 

Gilpin,  Ala 

Gilpin,  Pa 

Gilroy,  Cal 

Gilroy,  Cal 

Gilsum,  N.H 

Girard,  Ala 

Girard,  111 

Girard,  111 

Girard,  Kan 

Girard,  Mich 

Girard,  Minn 

Girard,  Pa 

Girard,  Pa 

Girard,  Pa 

Oirardville,  Pa 

Givham,  S.C 

Gladbrook,  Iowa , 

Glade,  Ga 

Glade,  Ga 

Glade,  Mich , 

Glade,  Pa , 

Olade,  W.  Va 

Glade,  W.  Va 

Glade  Creek,  N.C 

Glades,  Ga , 

Glades,  Ky , 

Glades,  Ky 

Glade  Spring,  Va.... 
Glade  Spring,  Va.... 

Gladesville,  Ga 

Oladeville,  Va 

Gladstone,  Col 

Gladstone,  Mich , 

Gladstone,  N.M 

Gladstone,  N.D 

Gladwin,  Mich 

Gladwin,  Mich 

Glaize,  Ark 

Glandorf,  0 

Glasco,  Kan 

Glasford,  111 

Glasgow,  111 

Glasgow,  Ky 

Glasgow,  Ky 

Glasgow,  Minn 

Glasgow,  Mo 

Glasgow,  Mont 

Glasgow,  Pa 

Glasgow,  Tenn 

Glasgow  Junction,  Ky, 
Glasgow  Junction,  Ky 

Glass,  Ark 

Glass,  Tenn 

112 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

poBt-prect 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-Till 

post-Till 

post-Till 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

city 

post-town 

borough 

post- Till 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

ciTil-dist 


County. 


Thayer 

Morrow 

Cleburne 

Washington.. 

Amelia 

Tuscola 

Belknap 

Yell 

SuUiTsn 

Clay 

Franklin 

Cass 

Jasper 

Franklin 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Cherry 

Oconto 

Clay 

Dale 

Saline 

Butler , 

Amite 

Lancaster 

Eagle 

Eagle 

Iroquois 

Marshall 

Osceola 

Nemaha 

Pierce 

Benton 

Belknap 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Adams 

Guilford 

Upshur 

Dawson 

Echols 

Benzie 

Isabella 

Greene 

Fayette 

Armstrong ... 
Santa  Clara.. 
Santa  Clara... 

Cheshire 

Russell 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Crawford 

Branch 

Otter  Tail 

Clearfield 

Erie 

Erie 

Schuylkill 

Colleton 

Tama 

Hall 

Oglethorpe.... 

Kalkaska 

Warren , 

Barbour 

Welister 

Alleghany..., 

Putnam 

Madison 

Bock  Castle.. 
Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Jasper 

Wise 

San  Juan 

Delta 

Colfax 

La  Moure.... 

Gladwin 

Gladwin 

Jackson 

Putnam 

Cloud 

Peoria 

Scott 

Barren 

Barren 

Wabasha 

Howard 

Dawson 

BeaTer 

Bhea 

Barren 

Barren 

Jackson 

Obion 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


481 
2,663 

645 
1,960 
4,024 

761 
2,821 


2,200 
'"i'33 


681 
3,747 
1,419 

432 


637 
181 
474 
56 
172 


2,841 


1,299 

553 

317 

637 

888 

461 

1,485 

540 

58 

1,296 

3,124 

386 

402 

437 

494 

261 

874 

631 

1,190 

3,254 

1,621 

663 

4,637 

1,635 

1,024 

1,289 

1,326 

110 

575 

2,338 

703 

2,730 

1,306 


1,487 
1,041 


1,622 

1,447 

872 

817 

669 

2,733 


2,628 
262 
981 

1,891 


467 
"665 


207 
154 

249 

1,510 

694 

1,841 


673 
T,976 


1,077 


2,775 

1,175 

1,174 

3,801 

1,069 

3,585 

369 

2,272 

487 

960 

224 

622 

3,505 

1,775 

948 

91 

938 

468 

935 

321 

353 

95 

3,578 

449 

442 

1,112 

473 

903 

981 

1,239 

643 

1,211 

599 

70 

1,126 

2,760 

591 

433 

706 

756 

671 

948 

691 

1,156 

3,268 

1,694 

643 

5,486 

2,139 

1,524 

2,541 

1,274 

193 

587 

2,280 

626 

3,584 

1,301 

556 

1,749 

991 

183 

2,885 

1,517 

1,460 

890 

721 

2,815 

879 

3,316 

500 

910 

2,860 

18 

1,337 

14 

121 

683 

903 

630 

571 

461 

268 

187 

5,414 

2,051 

566 

1,781 

338 

218 

959 

1,788 

217 

1,190 

1,265 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Glassborough,  N.J 

Glasscock,  Ala 

Glassy  Mountain,  S.C... 

Glastonbury,  Conn 

Glastonbury,  Vt 

Gleesou,  Tenn 

Gleeson  Store,  Tenn 

Glen,  N.Y 

Glen,  S.D 

Glen  Alpine,  N.C 

Glen  Arbor,  Mich 

Glenbrook,  Nev 

Qlenburn,  Me 

Glenbum,  Pa 

Glencoe,  111 

Glencoe,  Kan 

Glencoe,  Kan 

Glencoe,  Ky 

Glencoe,  Mich 

Glencoe,  Minn 

Glencoe,  Minn 

Glencoe,  N.D 

Glencoe,  N.D 

Glencoe,  Wis 

Glendale,  Col 

Glendale,  Col 

Glendale,  Kan 

Glendale,  Minn 

Glendale,  Mont 

Glendale,  Mont 

Glendale,  0 

Glendale,  Ore 

Glendale,  S.C 

Glendale,  S.D 

Glendale,  Utah 

Glendale,  Wis 

Glendon,  Pa 

Olendorado,  Minn 

Glen  Elder,  Kan 

Glen  Elder,  Kan 

Glenfleld,  N.D 

Glenfield,  Pa 

Glengary,  Neb 

GlengroTe,  Col 

Glen  HaTen,  Wis 

Glen  Hope,  Pa 

Glenlyon,  Pa 

Glenujore,  N.D 

Glenmore,  Wis 

Glenn,  S.D 

Glenn,  Tenn 

Glenn's  Ferry,  Idaho... 
Glenn's  Ferry,  Idaho... 

Glenn  Springs,  S.C 

Glen  Bichey,  Pa 

Glen  Bock,  Neb 

Glen  Kock,  Pa. 

Glen  Bose,  Tex 

Glen  Saint  Mary,  Fla... 

Glens  Falls,  N.Y 

Glentena,  Ore 

Glen  Ullin,  N.D 

Glenview,  N.D 

GleuTille,  Ala 

GlenTille,  Ala 

Glenville,  Ky 

GlenTille,  Ky 

Glenville,  Neb 

Glenville,  N.Y 

Glenville,  W.  Va 

Glenville,  W.  Va 

Glen  Wilton,  Va 

Glenwood,  Iowa 

Glenwood,  Iowa 

Glenwood,  Iowa 

Glenwood,  Kan 

Glenwood,  Minn 

Glenwood,  Minn 

Glenwood,  Mo 

Glenwood,  Mo 

Glenwood,  Neb 

Glenwood,  Neb 

Glenwood,  N.D 

Glenwood,  S.D 

Glenwood,  S.D 

Glenwood,  Utah 

Glenwood,  Wis 

Glenwood  Springs,  Col. 
Glenwood  Springs,  Col. 

Glick,  Kan 

Glidden,  Iowa 

Glidden,  Iowa 

Glisson,  N.C 

Globe,  Ariz 

Globe,  N.C 

Globe  Sch'l-House,  Ky. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post- Till 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-Till 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-Till 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-Till 

township 

post-twp 

township 

clvU-dist 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-Till 

post-prect 

borough 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-Till 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

post-Till 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 


County. 


Gloucester 

Cullman 

GreeuTille 

Hartford 

Bennington 

Weakley 

Weakley 

Montgomery.... 

Edmunds 

Burke 

Leelanaw 

Douglas 

Penobscot 

Lackawanna. ... 

Cook 

Butler 

Trego 

Gallatin 

Lake 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Burleigh 

Emmons 

Buffalo 

Arapahoe 

Fremont 

Saline 

Scott 

BeaTer  Head.... 
BeaTer  Head.... 

Hamilton 

Douglas , 

Spartanburg 

Hand 

Kane 

Monroe 

Northampton... 

Benton 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Foster 

Alleghany 

Fillmore 

Douglas 

Grant 

Clearfield 

Luzerne 

La  Moure 

Brown 

Walworth 

Campbell 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Spartanburg.... 

Clearfield 

Nemaha 

York 

SomerTell 

Baker 

Warren 

Lane 

Morton 

Burleigh 

Russell 

Bussell 

Adair 

Washington 

Clay 

Schenectady.... 

Gilmer 

Gilmer 

Botetourt 

Mills 

Mills 

Winneshiek 

Phillips 

Pope 

Pope 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Gage 

Webster 

Walsh 

Clay 

Deuel 

SeTier 

St.  Croix 

Garfield 

Garfield 

Kiowa 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Duplin 

Gila 

Caldwell 

Greenup 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,088 

234 

1,661 

3,580 

241 

121 

1,621 

2,622 


329 
335 
655 
289 
387 
648 
200 
816 
126 
680 
1,078 


336 
376 


678 
1,400 


338 
1,401 
982 
211 
847 
165 


638 

588 


1,022 
164 


1,070 
"621 


2,645 


752 
651 
132 


4,900 


2,122 
99 

1,405 
982 
504 

2,746 

2,045 
236 


2,376 

1,793 

1,192 

388 

464 


1,316 
523 
530 
372 


1,112 

584 
592 
704 
570 
2,408 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


GloriBta,  N.M 

Gloster,  Mim 

GloKter,  Mont 

Gloucester,  Mass 

Gloucester,  NJ _ 

Gloucester,  N.C 

Gloucester,  B.I 

Gloucester  City,  N.J 

Glover,  S.C 

Glover,  S.D 

Glover,  Vt 

Glovereville,  N.Y 

Glyndon,  Md 

Glyndon,  Minn 

Glyndon,  Minn 

Gnadenhiitten,  0 

Gnesen,  Minn 

Gobler  Hill,  Ga 

Godair,  Mo 

Goddard,  Kan 

Godfrey,  Ga 

Godfrey,  111 

Godfrey,  111 

Godfrey,  Minn 

Godley,  111 

Goethe,  S.C 

Groewey,  Iowa 

Goffstown,  N.H 

Golar,  Tenn 

Golconda,  111 

Golconda,  111 

Gold,  111 

Gold  Bar,  Wash 

Gold  Branch,  Ala 

Gold  Creek,  Idaho 

Golden,  Col 

Golden,  Col 

Golden,  111 

Golden,  Mich 

Golden,  N.M 

Golden  and  San  Pedro, 

N.M 

Golden,  N.D 

Golden,  N.D 

Golden  Belt,  Kan 

Golden  City,  Mo 

Golden  City,  Mo 

Goldendale,  Wash 

Goldendale,  Wash 

Golden  Gate,  Cal 

Golden  Glen,  N.D 

Golden  Hill,  Ga. 

Golden  Lake,  N.D 

Golden  Pond,  Ky 

Golden  Valley,  Minn... 

Golden  Valley,  N.C 

Goldfleld,  Iowa 

Gold  Flint,  Mont 

Gold  Hill,  Col 

Gold  Hill,  Idaho 

Gold  Hill,  N.M 

Gold  Hill,  N.C 

Gold  Hill,  N.C 

Gold  Hill,  Ore 

Goldman,  Ark 

Gold  Mine,  N.C 

Gold  Run,  Cal 

Groldsberry,  Mo 

Goldsborough,  N.C 

Goldsliorough,  N.C 

Goldsborough,  Pa 

Goldsmith,  Idaho 

Goldville,  S.C 

Golofnin  Bay,  Alaska... 

Gologamute,  Alaska 

Golondrinas,  N.M 

Golsova,  Alaska. 

Gomer,  Mo 

Gonzales,  Cal 

Gonzales,  Cal 

Gonzales,  Tex 

Goodar,  Mich 

Goodbys,  S.C 

Goode,  Ala 

Goode,  Ga 

Goode,  1)1 

Goode,  Ky 

Goodfarm,  111 

Good  Ground,  N.Y 

Good  Hope,  .\la 

Good  Hope,  111 

Good  Hope,  Miss 

Good  Hope,  0 

Goodhue,  Minn.; 

Goodland,  Ind 

Goodland,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-town 

poet-prect 

city 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

village 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

borough 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-beat 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 


Oonnty. 


Santa  V6 

Amite 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Essex 

Camden 

Transylvania..  „ 

Providence 

Camden 

Colleton 

Edmunds 

Orleans 

Fulton 

Baltimore 

aay 

Clay 

Tuscarawas 

St.  Louis 

Chattahoochee 

Pemiscot 

Sedgwick. 

Bibb 

Madison 

Madison 

Polk 

Will 

Hampton 

Osceola 

Hillsborough... 

Hamblen. 

Pope 

Pope 

Bureau 

Snohomish 

Tallapoosa........ 

Latah 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Oceana 

Grant 


Santa  F6..... 

Steele 

Walsh 

Lincoln 

Barton 

Barton 

Klickitat.... 

Klickitat 

Alameda 

La  Moure..., 

Banks 

Steele , 

Trigg 

Hennepin... 
Rutherford. 

Wright , 

Jefferson , 

Boulder , 

Latah 

Grant 

Rowan 

Rowan 

Jackson 

Arkansas.... 
Franklin.... 

Placer 

Howell 

Wayne 

Wayne 

York 

Nez  Perces.. 
Laurens 


Mora... 


Caldwell 

Monterey 

Monterey 

Gonzales 

Ogemaw 

Orangeburg.. 

Lamar 

Campbell 

Franklin 

Clark 

Grundy 

Suffolk 

Elmore 

McDonough.. 

Leake 

Hocking 

Goodhue 

Newton 

Sherman 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


19,329 
2,527 
377 
2,250 
5,347 
1,337 


1,055 
7,133 


406 
336 
29 
597 
257 


2,959 

2,277 

85 


3,077 

337 

1,699 


3,278 

1,000 

616 


2,730 
317 
962 


318 
813 
139 


545 


774 
"i",995 


1,184 


1,102 

377 

581 

4,940 

3,286 

378 


881 


233 

1,581 


1,490 


936 

779 

1,636 

955 

553 

996 

325 

1,800 

1,083 

1,013 


260 
1,142 

8 

24,661 

3,091 

627 

2,096 

6,564 

1,650 

117 

970 

13,864 

311 

104 

275 

478 

191 

477 

290 

210 

4,260 

2,040 

228 

516 

296 

3,376 

550 

1,981 

1,021 

3,327 

1,174 

499 

134 

1,880 

782 

2,808 

2,383 

466 

956 

124 

796 
109 
346 
373 

1,615 
773 

1,833 
702 
788 
247 
809 
109 

2,173 
509 

1,094 
343 
172 
426 
185 
124 

1,393 
335 
242 
168 

1,463 
211 

1,120 

6,175 

4,017 
345 
151 
204 
25 
29 
293 
44 
912 

1,104 
359 

1,641 
97 

1,696 
353 
762 
751 

1,460 
899 
825 
847 
368 

1,980 

1,121 

1,110 
889 

1,027 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Goodland,  Miclu 

Goodland,  S.C 

Qoodlettsville,  Tenn..... 

Goodman,  Ga 

Goodman,  Miss 

Goodnight,  Ky 

Goodrich,  Iowa 

Goodrich,  Tenn 

Goodrum,  Ark 

Goodson,  Va 

Good  Springs,  Ala. 

Good  Springs,  Ala. 

Good  Water,  Ala. 

Good  Water,  Ala 

Goodwater,  S.D 

Goodwell,  Mich 

Goodwin,  Ark 

Goodwin,  Cal 

Goodwin,  Ga 

Goodwin,  Mont 

Goodwin,  S.D 

Gooseberry,  Ore 

Gooseberry,  Utah 

Goose  Creek,  Idaho 

Goose  Creek,  111 

Goose  Creek,  N.C 

Goose  Island,  111 

Goose  Lake,  «fec.,  Cal.... 

Goose  Lake,  Iowa 

Goose  Lake,  Ore 

Goose  Nest,  Ga 

Goose  Nest,  N.C 

Goose  Pond,  Ga 

Goose  Pond,  Ga 

Goose  Prairie,  Minn 

Gordon,  Ala 

Gordon,  Ga 

Gordon,  Minn 

Gordon,  Neb 

Gordon,  Pa 

Gordon,  Tex 

Gordon,  Va 

Gordon,  Wis 

Gordousville,  .\la 

Gordonsville,  Ky 

Gordonsville,  Va 

Gordonville,  Mo 

Gordonville,  Tex 

Gore,  Kan 

Gore,  Mich 

Gore,  W.  Va 

Gore  Range,  Col 

Goreville,  111 

Gorham,  Me 

Gorham,  N.H 

Gorham,  N.Y 

Gorham,  0 

Gorin,  Mo 

Gorman,  Minn 

Gorton,  Minn 

Gorton,  O 

Goshen,  Ark 

Goshen,  Conn 

Goshen,  Ga. 

Goshen,  Ga 

Goshen,  111 

Goshen,  Ind 

Goshen,  Iowa 

Goshen,  Kan 

Goshen,  Ky 

Goshen,  Mass 

Goshen,  N.H 

Goshen,  N.Y 

Goshen,  N.Y 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  O 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  O 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  Ore 

Goshen,  Pa 

Goshen,  Utah 

Goshen,  Utah 

Goshen,  Vt 

Goshen  Hill,  Ala 

Goshen  Hill,  S.C 

Gosuold,  Mass 

Gosport,  Ala 

Gosport,  lud 

Gothenburg,  Neb 

Gothenburg,  Neb 

Gothic,  Col 

Gondeysville,  S.C 

Gouldsboro,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-diet 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

poBt-boro' 


County. 


Lapeer 

Orangeburg.. 

Davidson 

Harris. 

Holmes 

Anderaon 

Crawford 

Hickman 

Lonoke 

Washington.. 

Clarke 

Walker 

Coosa 

Coosa. 

Sully 

Newaygo 

Saint  Francis... 

Plumas 

Gwinnett 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Deuel 

Morrow 

Sevier 

Cassia 

Piatt 

Union 

Alexander... 

Modoc 

Clinton 

Lake 

Wilkes 

Martin 

Oglethorpe.. 

Warren 

Clay 

Henry 

Wilkinson... 

Todd 

Sheridan 

Schuylkill... 
Palo  Pinto... 

Orange 

Douglas 

Lowndes 

Logan 

Orange 

Cape  Girardeau 

Grayson 

Sumner 

Huron 

Hampshire.. 

Routt 

Johnson 

Cumberland. 

Coos 

Ontario 

Fulton 

Scotland 

Otter  Tail.... 

Grant 

Erie 

Washington. 
Litchfield.... 

Elbert 

Lincoln 

Stark 

Elkhart 

Muscatine.... 

Clay 

Warren 

Hampshire.. 

Sullivan 

Orange 

Orange 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Champaign.. 

Clermont 

Hardin 

Mahoning.... 
Tuscarawas. . 

Lane 

Clearfield..... 

Utah 

Utah 

Addison 

Pike 

Union 

Dukes 

Clarke 

Owen 

Dawson 

Dawson 

Gunnison 

Union 

Lackawanna. ... 

113 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,241 
2,681 
280 
734 
378 
1,500 
442 


6,394 
437 


1,133 


179 

633 

1,553 


1,482 

2,915 

844 

733 

61 


815 
2,164 
1,429 
1,384 


1,100 

2,226 

425 


753 
i',775 


1,945 

1,852 

919 

81 


777 

374 

2,143 


1,482 
3,233 
1,383 
2,621 
2,027 


386 

129 
1,038 

788 
1,093 
1,301 
1,036 
1,192 
4,123 
1,082 

966 
2,756 

327 

611 
4,387 
2,567 

796 
2,208 
2,607 
1,908 
1,030 
1,445 
5,226 


601 
646 
394 
326 
1,073 
1,722 
152 
606 
740 


3,262 
249 


1,128 

2,92T 

529 

1,187 

364 

1,408 

794 

368 

467 

7,456 

637 

632 

1,670 

689 

69 

39 

815 

468 

1,732 

349 

.332 

11« 

112 

32 

1,610 

2,468 

734 

721 

42 

392 

941 

2,206 

1,234 

844 

270 

1,545 

1,932 

725 

716 

1,194 

378 

1,873 

184 

2,087 

1,786 

962 

96 

182 

1,142 

315 

2,279 

83 

1,494 

2,883 

1,710 

2,203 

2,144 

386 

562 

203 

888 

1,247 

972 

1,85? 

912 

1,017 

6,03S 

830 

691 

2,129 

297 

384 

5,021 

2,907 

949 

2,261 

2,446 

1,549 

977 

1,308 

7,640 

168 

476 

450 

298 

311 

1,361 

1,615 

136 

721 

720 

1,053 

635 

48 

3,214 

141 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Gouldsborough,  Me 

GouTerneur,  N.Y 

Gouverneur,  N.Y 

Gove,  Kan , 

Gove,  Kan , 

Gove,  Kan 

Government,  Neb 

Gower,  Iowa 

Gower,  Mo 

Gowrie,  Iowa 

Gowrie,  Iowa 

Grace,  Minn 

Grace,  Mont 

Grace,  Neb 

Grace,  N.D 

Graceville,  Minn 

Graceville,  Minn 

Grady,  N.C 

Gradyville,  Ky 

Grafton,  Cal 

Grafton,  111 

Grafton,  111 

Grafton,  Me 

Grafton,  Mass 

Grafton,  Minn 

Grafton,  Mont 

Grafton,  Neb 

Grafton,  N.H 

Grafton,  N.M 

Grafton,  N.Y 

Grafton,  N.D 

Grafton,  N.D 

Grafton,  N.D 

Grafton,  0 

Grafton,  0 

Grafton,  8.D 

Grafton,  Utah 

Grafton,  Vt 

Grafton,  Va 

Grafton,  W.  Va 

Grafton,  W.  Va 

Grafton,  Wig 

Grafton,  Wig 

Graham,  Ala 

Graham,  Ind 

Graham,  Iowa 

Graham,  Kan 

Graham,  Mo 

Graham,  N.C 

Graham,  N.C.„ 

Graham,  Pa 

Graham,  Tex 

Graham,  Va 

Graham,  W.  Va 

Graham  Lake,  Minn.... 

Graham's  S.C 

Grahamville,  S.C 

Grainfield,  Kan 

Grainfleld,  Kan 

Grain  Valley,  Mo 

Granada,  Col 

Granada,  Col 

Granada,  Kan 

Granbury,  Tex 

Granby,  Conn 

Granby,  Mass 

Granby,  Minn 

Granby,  Mo 

Granby,  Mo 

Granby,  N.Y 

Granby,  Vt 

Grand,  O 

Grand,  S.D 

Grand,  S.D 

Grand  Bay,  Ala , 

Grand  Blanc,  Mich 

Grand  Cane,  La 

Grand  Chain,  111 , 

Grand  Chenier,  La , 

Grand  Chute,  Wig 

Grand  Coteau,  La 

Grand  Crossing,  S.D.... 

Grand  Detour,  111 , 

Grande  Ronde,  Wash... 

Grand  Forks,  Minn 

Grand  Forks,  N.D 

Grand  Forks,  N.D 

Grand  Harbor,  N.D 

Grand  Haven,  Mich.... 
Grand  Haven,  Mich.... 

Grandtn,  Mo 

Grand  Island,  Neb 

Grand  Island,  N.Y 

Grand  Isle,  Vt 

Grand  Junction,  Col... 
Grand  Junction,  Col.... 

114 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

poBt-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-ward 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

city 


County. 


Hancock 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Gove 

Gove 

Pratt 

Hayes 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Webster , 

Webster. 

Chippewa 

Jefferson 

Perkins 

Grand  Forks... 

Big  Stone 

Big  Stone 

Pender 

Adair 

Yolo 

Jersey , 

McHenry 

Oxford 

Worcester. 

Sibley 

Cascade 

Fillmore 

Grafton 

Sierra , 

Rensselaer , 

Richland 

Walsh 

Walsh 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Miner , 

Washington..... 

Windham 

York 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

DeKalb 

Jefferson , 

Johnson 

Graham.. , 

Nodaway , 

Alamance , 

Alamance 

Clearfield , 

Young , 

Tazewell , 

Mason 

Nobles 

Barnwell 

Beaufort 

Gove 

Gove 

Jackson 

Prowers , 

Prowers , 

Nemaha 

Hood , 

Hartford 

Hampshire 

Nicollet 

Newton 

Newton 

Oswego 

Essex 

Marion 

Douglas 

Hand , 

Mobile 

Genesee 

De  Soto 

Pulaski 

Cameron 

Outagamie 

Saint  Landry.. 

Campbell 

Ogle 

Asotin 

Polk 

Grand  Forks... 
Grand  Forks... 

Ramsey 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Carter 

Hall 

Erie 

Grand  Isle 

Mesa 

Mesa. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,825 
4,166 
2,071 


866 
163 

480 
261 


304 
40 


1,602 
1,739 

807 
1,441 

115 
4,030 

259 


725 
934 


1,676 


1,237 


71 
929 
1,729 
4,085 
3,030 
1,570 
415 


1,309 
876 

1,134 
452 

2,440 
379 
645 
576 


2,260 
300 
403 
274 


80 


121 
618 

624 

1,340 

753 

526 

2,777 

1,882 

4,514 

194 

435 


678 
1,338 


1,460 
431 

1,578 
302 


512 


1,705 


642 
4,862 


2,963 

1,166 

149 


1,709 

6,851 

3,458 

512 

118 

277 

141 

932 

328 

1,076 

626 

165 

26 

335 

221 

341 

608 

613 

2,064 

1,034 

927 

1,437 

98 

5,002 

662 

36 

1,008 

787 

16 

1,457 

121 

2,244 

1,594 

1,444 

600 

258 

104 

817 

1,810 

3,159 

3,159 

1,444 

434 

1,135 

1,184 

683 

380 

353 

1,884 

991 

696 

667 

1,021 

2,124 

361 

366 

293 

276 

99 

193 

469 

163 

714 

1,164 

1,251 

765 

490 

2,616 

1,400 

4,138 

361 

514 

327 

214 

661 

1,430 

351 

1,676 

705 

1,574 

333 

90 

406 

276 

330 

6,245 

4,979 

227 

857 

6,023 

579 

7,536 

1,048 

793 

2,294 

2,030 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Grand  Junction,  Iowa.. 

Grand  Lake,  Col 

Grand  Ledge,  Mich 

Grand  Meadow,  Inwa.. 
Grand  Meadow,  Iowa.. 
Grand  Meadow,  Minn 
Grand  Meadow,  Minn. 
Grand  Meadow,  S.D...., 
Grand  Mound,  Iowa.... 

Grand  Pass,  Mo 

Grand  Pass,  Mo 

Grand  Pier,  111 

Grand  Prairie,  111 

Grand  Prairie,  Minn... 

Grand  Prairie,  Neb 

Grand  Prairie,  0 

Grand  Rapids,  111 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.... 
Gland  Rapids,  Mich.... 
Grand  Rapids,  Minn.... 

Grand  Rapids,  N.D , 

Grand  Rapids,  0 

Grand  Rapids,  0 

Grand  Rapids,  Wis 

Grand  Rapids,  Wis 

Grand  Ridge,  111 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Kan 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Grand  River,  Mo...,.-.. 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Grand  Tower,  III 

Grand  Tower,  111 

Grandvlew,  111 

Grandview,  III 

Grandview,  Ind , 

Grandview,  Iowa. 

Grandview,  Kan 

Grandview,  Kan 

Grandview,  Minn 

Grandview,  N.D 

Grand  View,  O 

Grandview,  S.D 

Grandview,  S.D 

Grand  View,  Tex 

Orange,  Ga 

Grange,  Iowa 

Grange,  Minn 

Grange,  S.D 

Grange  City,  Ky , 

Granger,  N.Y 

Granger,  0 

Granger,  Tex 

Granger,  Utah 

Grangeville,  Idaho 

Granite,  Cal 

Granite,  Kan 

Granite,  Md 

Granite,  Mont 

Granite,  Ore 

Granite,  Utah 

Granite  Creek,  Idaho... 
Granite  Falls,  Minn..... 
Granite  Falls,  Minn..... 

Granite  Falls,  N.C 

Granite  Ledge,  Minn... 

Granite  Rock,  Minn 

Graniteville,  Cal 

Graniteville,  Mo 

Graniteville,  S.C 

Grant,  Ala 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Col 

Grant,  III 

Grant,  111 , 

Grant,  111 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa, 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Greene 

Grand 

Eaton 

Cherokee...... 

Clayton 

Mower 

Mower 

Minnehaha... 

Clinton 

Saline 

Saline 

Pope.. 

Jefferson 

Nobles 

Platte 

Marion 

La  Salle 

Kent 

Kent 

Itasca 

La  Moure...... 

Wood 

Wood 

Wood 

Wood 

La  Salle 

Adair 

Decatur 

Madison 

Wayne 

Sedgwick 

Bates 

Cass 

Daviess 

De  Kalb 

Livingston.... 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Edgar. 

Edgar 

Spencer 

Louisa 

Ford 

Morris 

Lyon 

La  Moure 

Washington.. 

Brul6 

Sully 

Johnson 

Jefferson 

Woodbury. ... 
Pipe  Stone.... 

Deuel 

Fleming 

Alleghany.... 

Medina 

Williamson... 

Salt  Lake 

Idaho 

Sacramento... 

Phillips 

Baltimore 

Deer  Lodge... 

Grant 

Salt  Lake 

Boise 

Chippewa 

Yellow  Med... 

Caldwell 

Benton 

Redwood 

Nevada 

Iron 

Aiken 

Coffee 

Ashley 

Johnson 

Newton 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Massac 

Vermilion 

Benton 

De  Kalb 

Greene 

Newton 

Adams 

Boone 

Buena  Vista.. 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Dallas 

Franklin 

Greene 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


762 


1,387 

89 

894 

630 

374 


234 
2,425 


503 
795 
301 


485 

1,034 

3,058 

32,016 


332 

656 

1,360 

135 

625 

674 

947 

1,336 

291 

679 

3,038 

1,662 

1,198 

1,486 

1,634 

966 

1,940 

205 

686 

1,544 


267 
2,663 


287 

1,289 

119 

172 


1,086 
1,008 


145 

129 

1,485 

452 


200 
250 


621 
578 


50 


398 
"i',238 


477 


3,462 
1,175 


782 
1,508 
825 
724 
248 
460 
1,164 
370 
802 
592 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

po8t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Grundy 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Ida 

Linn , 

Lyon 

Monona 

Montgomery.. 

O'Brien 

Page 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas.... 

Ringgold 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor. 

Union 

Winnebago.... 

Woodbury 

Barton 

Clay 

Cloiid 

Cowley , 

Crawford 

Decatur , 

Dickinson 

Douglas 

Harper 

Jackson 

Jewell , 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Neosho 

Norton 


Osborne 

Ottawa , 

Pottawatomie, 

Pratt 

Rawlins 

Reno 

Republic 

Riley , 

Sedgwick 

Sherman 

Washington.., 
Cheboygan.... 

Clare 

Grand  Traverse 

Huron 

Iosco... 

Keweenaw... 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Newaygo 

Oceana 

Saint  Clair... 
Washington. 

Caldwell 

Clark 

Dade 

Dallas. 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Nodaway 

Putnam 

Stone 

Webster 

Antelope 

Buffalo 

Colfax 

Cuming 

Custer 

Franklin 

Frontier 

Gage 

Hamilton 

Hitchcock.... 

Kearney 

Lancaster.... 

Perkins 

Red  Willow. 
Richardson.. 

Sheridan 

Washington, 
Randolph.... 

Sherman 

Indiana 

Beadle 

Buffalo 

Lincoln 

McCook 

Cabell 

Doddridge. .. 
Grant 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


682 
662 
693 
155 

1,082 
213 
367 
980 
368 

2,087 
402 
151 
655 
302 
665 
599 
904 
613 


460 
315 
469 
618 


1,034 
637 
639 
576 


992 
674 
576 
481 
1,035 


557 
384 


1,207 
730 

1,095 
971 


773 

1,308 
525 
622 
174 
365 
217 
307 
512 
453 

1,357 
618 

1,044 
848 
628 
968 

1,518 
808 

1,853 
704 


1,013 


585 


488 
492 


400 
623 


739 
"763 


1,318 


2,260 

1, 

1,829 


667 
838 
682 
690 

1,149 
420 
706 
854 
667 

3,130 
663 
455 
780 
617 
684 
610 

1,169 
768 
218 
684 
359 
482 

1,016 
648 

1,177 
371 
786 
548 
461 

1,231 
828 
486 
675 

1,351 
622 
936 
439 
405 
750 
346 
181 

2,241 
903 
529 
737 
493 
816 
459 

1,968 
498 

1,133 
149 
100 
301 
493 
466 
716 

1,142 
687 

1,263 
664 
868 

1,347 

1,685 

1,107 

1,642 
644 

1,361 

1,114 
420 
583 
631 
537 
830 
495 
647 
693 
878 
212 
612 
893 
315 
173 
905 
270 
926 
980 
300 

1,360 
163 
234 
646 
359 

3,391 

2,067 

1,846 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant,  Wig , 

Grant  Center,  S.D., 

Grant  City,  Mo 

Grantham,  N.H 

Grantham,  N.C 

Grant  Isle,  Me 

Grant  Park,  111. 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

Grantsburg,  111 j  post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

[wst-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post  twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Grantsburg,  Wis. 

Grantsburg,  Wis 

Grant's  Lick,  Ky 

Grant's  Pass,  Ore 

Grant's  Pass,  Ore 

Grantsville,  Md 

Grautsville,  Mo 

Grantsville,  Utah 

Grantville,  Ga 

Grantville,  Ga 

Granville,  III 

Granville,  111 

Granville,  111 

Granville,  Mass 

Granville,  Minn 

Granville,  Neb 

Granville,  N.Y 

Granville,  O 

Granville,  O 

Granville,  O 

Granville,  Pa 

Granville,  Pa 

Granville,  Tenn 

Granville,  Vt 

Granville,  Wis 

Grape  Creek,  III 

Grape  Grove,  Mo 

Grapevine,  N.C 

Grape  Vine,  Tex 

Grass,  Ind 

Grass,  Tenn 

Grass  Creek,  Utah 

Grasshopper,  Kan 

Grass  Lake,  Mich 

Grass  Lake,  Mich 

Grass  Lake,  Minn 

Grass  Lake,  N.D 

Grass  Springs,  Ala 

Grass  Valley,  Cal 

Grass  Valley,  Ore 

Grassy,  Ark 

Grassy,  111 

Grassy,  Ky 

Grassy  Creek,  Ky 

Grassy  Creek,  N.C 

Grassy  Creek,  N.C 

Grassy  Fork,  Ind 

Grassy  Fork,  Tenn 

Grassy  Knob,  Ga 

Grassy  Point,  Fla 

Gratiot,  Wis 

Gratis,  0 

Grattan,  Mich 

Grattan,  Neb. 

Gratz,  Ky 

Gratz,  Ky 

Gratz,  Pa 

Gravel  Hill,  Ark , 

Gravelly  Hill,  Ark 

Gravelly  Spring,  .\la..., 

Gravesend,  N.V , 

Graves  Valley,  Utah 

Gra villa,  Ala 

Gravity,  Iowa. 

Gray,  Ark 

Gray,  Ark 

Gray,  111 

Gray,  Me 

Gray,  Minn 

Gray,  8.0 

Grayling,  Mich 

Gray's  Creek,  N.C 

Gray's  Harbor,  Wash.., 
1  Grayson,  Cal 


Hancock 

Harrison 

Jackson , 

Marion , 

Monongalia..., 

Nicholas 

Pleasants 

Preston „., 

Ritchie 

Wayne 

Wetzel 

Clark , 

Dunn 

I  Portage 

i  Shawano 

'  Grant 

I  Worth 

Sullivan 

'  Wayne 

.\roo8took 

Kankakee 

Johnson 

Burnett 

Burnett 

Campbell 

Josephine 

Josephine 

Garrett 

Linn 

Tooele 

Coweta.„ 

Coweta» 

Jasper 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Hampden 

Kittson 

Platte 

Washington..., 

Licking 

Licking 

Mercer 

Bradford 

Mifflin 

Jackson 

Addison 

Milwaukee 

Vermilion 

Bay 

Madison , 

Tarrant 

Spencer , 

Cocke , 

Summit 

Atchison , 

Jackson , 

Jackson 

Kanabec 

Burleigh 

Jackson 

Nevada 

Sherman 

Cleburne 

Williamson.... 

Morgan 

Pendleton 

Ashe 

Mitchell 

Jackson 

Cocke 

Pickens 

Washington.. . 

Lafayette 

Preble 

Kent. 

Holt 

Owen 

Owen 

Dauphin 

White 

Yell 

Lauderdale.... 

Kings 

Pi  Ute 

Conecuh 

Taylor 

Lonoke 

White 

White 

Cumberland.. . 

Pipe  Stone 

Edgefield 

Crawford 

Cumberland.. . 

Chehalis. 

Stanislaus 


Population. 


1880.  1890, 


1,107 

1,590 

3,4«6 

1,352 

2,156 

906 

673 

2,191 

3,976 

1,286 

1,946 

881 

467 

309 

767 


493 
640 

1,939 
847 
279 

1,140 

1,512 
101 

2,277 


2,152 
1,040 
1,225 
1,468 

618 
1,463 
1,499 

260 
1,205 


4,149 
2,114 
1,127 
1,616 
1,302 
1,489 
179 
830 
2,370 


3,090 


199 

2,196 

906 


1,839 
682 


6,688 


1,727 

686 

2,381 


1,087 

1,045 

868 

461 


1,634 
2,186 
1,238 


2,063 
128 
409 


3,674 


1,320 


346 
2,964 
1,967 
1,798 

223 
2,186 

246 
1,673 


133 


1,120 

1,650 

3.765 

2,085 

2,118 

1,247 

1,066 

2,193 

4,994 

1,689 

3,184 

1,14.^ 

642 

417 

1,026 

429 

1,186 

424 

1,8,52 

964 

340 

1,262 

1,447 

410 

1,745 

2,108 

1,432 

2,034 

937 

979 

1,467 

654 

1,821 

1,270 

148 

1,061 

148 

1,106 

4,716 

2,362 

1,366 

2,013 

1,224 

1,472 

227 

637 

2,272 

778 

2,929 

1,118 

442 

2,167 

750 

62 

1,872 

1,643 

617 

461 

50 

686 

6,798 

186 

699 

1,963 

786 

2,211 

879 

1,196 

1,147 

1,015 

573 

233 

1,511 

2,011 

1,109 

795 

2,196 

205 

490 

237 

670 

1,961 

6,937 

81 

1,494 

210 

462 

3,645 

2,211 

1,617 

228 

2,667 

1,558 

1,633 

623 

331 


115 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Grayson,  Ky 

Grayson,  Ky 

Gray  Station,  Ky 

Graysville,  Ga 

Graysville,  0 

Graysville,  Tenn 

Grayville,  111 

Greasey,  Ky 

Greasy  Cove,  Ala 

Great  Barriugton,Ma88. 

Great  Bend,  Kan 

Great  Bend,  Kan 

Great  Bend,  Minn 

Great  Bend,  Pa 

Great  Bend,  Pa 

Great  Bend,  S.D 

Great  Cacapon,  W.  Va.. 

Great  Crossings,  Ky 

Great  Cypress,  S.C 

Great  Falls,  Mont 

Great  Falls,  Mont 

Great  Falls,  N.C 

Great  Oak,  Iowa 

Great  Swamp,  N.C 

Great  Valley,  N.Y 

Great  Western  Furnace, 

Tenn 

Greece,  N.Y 

Greeley,  Col 

Greeley,  Iowa 

Greeley,  Iowa 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeley,  Neb 

Green,  111 

Green,  111 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Iowa 

Green,  Kan 

Green,  Mich 

Green,  Mich 

Green,  Mo 

Green,  Mo 

Green,  Mo 

Green,  Ac,  Neb 

Green,  Neb 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  Pa 

Green,  Pa 

Green,  Pa 

Green,  W.  Va 

Greenbackville,  Va 

Green  Bank,  W.  Ya 

Green  Bay,  Ala 

Green  Bay,  Iowa 

Green  Bay,  Iowa 

Green  Bay,  Wis. 

Green  Bay,  Wis 

Greenbriar,  Ark 

Greenbrier,  Ala 

Greenbrier,  Iowa 

Greenbrier,  W.  Va 

Greenbrier,  W.  Va 

Greenburg,  N.Y 

Greenbush,  111 

Greenbusb,  Me 

Greenbush,  Mich 

Greenbush,  Mich 

Greenbush,  Minn 

Greenbush,  N.Y 

Greenbush,  N.Y 

Greenbush,  Wis 

Green  Camp,  0 

Green  Camp,  O 

Greencastle,  Ind 

Greencastle,  Ind 

Greencastle,  Iowa 

Green  Castle,  Ky 

Green  Castle,  Mo 

Greencastle,  Pa. 

116 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 


County. 


Carter 

Carter 

Knox 

Catoosa 

Monroe 

Rhea 

White 

Johnson 

Saint  Clair 

Berkshire 

Barton , 

Barton. 

Cottonwood.... 
Susquehanna.. 
Susquehanna.. 

Spink 

Morgan 

Scott 

Barnwell 

Cascade 

Cascade 

Richmond 

Palo  Alto 

Wayne 

Cattaraugus.. . 


Stewart 

Monroe 

Weld 

Audubon 

Shelby 

Anderson 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

Greeley 

Mercer 

Woodford 

Grant 

Hancock  

Marshall 

Noble 

Wayne 

Fremont 

Pottawatomie., 

Alpena 

Mecosta. 

Hickory 

Livingston 

Platte 

Deuel 

Saunders 

Adams 

Brown 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Gallia 

Hamilton 

Hocking 

Mahoning 

Monroe 

Ross 

Scioto 

Summit 

Forest 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Wetzel 

Accomack 

Pocahontas 

Covington 

Clarke 

Lee 

Brown 

Brown 

Independence . 

Limestone 

Green 

Doddridge 

Summers 

Westchester.... 

Warren 

Penobscot 

Alcona 

Clinton 

Mille  Lacs 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

Sheboygan  

Marion 

Marion 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Marshall 

Warren 

Sullivan 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,990 
447 


279 
147 


1,633 
1,090 


4,653 
1,648 
1,071 
234 
1,301 
1,136 


1,559 


2,414 


306 
1,022 
1,869 

963 
4,848 
1,297 
612 
334 
285 
616 
461 


1,545 
897 
1,539 
1,166 
1,249 
1,444 
1,189 


694 


1,132 
1,386 
1,009 
2,425 


685 
1,886 
1,916 
2,758 

916 
1,632 
4,861 
2,070 
1,794 
1,207 
2,058 
1,935 
1,827 

543 
3,831 

881 
1,897 

249 
1,454 

255 

650 

888 
1,085 
7,464 
1,834 


515 


1,872 
8,934 
1,053 

681 

493 
1,653 

412 
6,743 
3,295 
1,977 
1,362 

312 
5,525 
3,644 
1,546 
2,383 

191 
1,735 


2,987 

433 

1,971 

306 

107 

389 

1,999 

1,660 

344 

4,612 

524 

2,460 

274 

1,136 

1,002 

139 

2,070 

356 

2,695 

4,750 

3,979 

240 

436 

1,096 

1,705 

920 

5,146 

2,396 

779 

887 

614 

697 

860 

492 

1,640 

828 

1,624 

1,193 

1,172 

1,436 

1,052 

969 

636 

436 

1,311 

1,375 

1,048 

2,418 

430 

753 

2,023 

1,722 

2,666 

746 

1,306 

5,088 

1,789 

1,893 

1,223 

2,197 

1,751 

1,911 

857 

3,579 

762 

2,461 

320 

1,774 

337 

602 

727 

1,008 

9,069 

2,487 

1,049 

690 

1,655 

3,608 

11,613 

819 

659 

264 

1,453 

438 

7,301 

7,301 

1,690 

1,147 

290 

6,137 

4,390 

1,437 

2,460 

267 

1,525 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Green  City,  Mo 

Green  Cove  Sp'gs,  Fla, 

Green  Creek,  Ga 

Green  Creek,  N.C 

Green  Creek,  O 

Greendale,  Ind 

Greendale,  Mich 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Iowa 

Greene,  Iowa. 

Greene,  Iowa 

Greene,  Kan 

Greene,  Kan 

Greene,  Me 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  N.J 

Greene,  N.Y.... 

Greene,  N.Y 

Greene,  N.C 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  O 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  Pa „ 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa 

Greeneville,  Ga. 

Greeneville,  Tenn 

Greenfield,  Ark 

Greenfield,  Ark 

Greenfield,  Ark 

Greenfield,  111 

Greenfield,  III 

Greenfield,  Ind 

Greenfield,  Ind 

Greenfield,  Ind 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Iowa. 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Iowa. 

Greenfield,  Kan 

Greenfield,  Kan 

Greenfield,  Me 

Greenfield,  Mass 

Greenfield,  Mich 

Greenfield,  Minn 

Greenfield,  Mo 

Greenfield,  N.H 

Greenfield,  N.Y 

Greenfield,  0 

Greenfield,  0 

Greenfield,  0 

Greenfield.  0 

Greenfield,  Pa 

Greenfield,  Pa 

Greenfield,  Pa 

Greenfield,  S.D 

Greenfield,  Tenn 

Greenfield,  Tenn 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Green  Fork,  Ind 

Green  Garden,  111 

Green  Garden,  Kan.... 
Green  Garden,  Neb.... 

Green  Grove,  Wis 

Green  Hill,  Ga 

Green  Hill,  Ind 

Green  Hill,  N.C 

Green  Island,  N.Y 

Green  Isle,  Minn 

Green  Isle,  Minn 

Green  Lake,  Mich 

Green  Lake,  Minn 

Green  Lake,  Wis 

Greenland,  Mich 

Greenland,  N.H 

Greenland,  S.D 

Green  Lane,  Pa 

Greenleaf,  Kan 

Greeuleaf,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Sullivan 

Clay 

Oglethorpe 

Polk 

Sandusky 

Dearborn 

Midland 

Jay 

Madison 

Morgan 

Parke 

Randolph 

Saint  Joseph 

Butler 

Iowa 

Wapello 

Harper 

Sumner 

Androscoggin... 

Nodaway 

Polk 

Worth 

Sussex 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Guilford 

Ashland 

Clark. 

Harrison 

Shelby 

Trumbull 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Clinton 

Erie 

Greene 

Indiana 

Pike 

Meriwether 

Greene 

Craighead 

Monroe 

Poinsett 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hancock 

La  Orange. 

Orange 

Adair 

Adair 

Calhoun 

Jones 

Warren 

Elk 

Rooks 

Penobscot 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Wabasha 

Dade 

Hillsborough.... 

Saratoga 

Fairfield 

Gallia 

Highland 

Huron 

Blair 

Erie 

Lackawanna.... 

Brown 

Weakley 

Weakley 

La  Crosse 

Milwaukee 

Monroe 

Sauk 

Randolph 

Will 

Ellsworth 

Madison 

Clark 

Stewart 

Warren 

Rutherford 

Albany 

Sibley 

Sibley 

Grand  Traverse 

Kandiyohi 

Green  Lake 

Ontonagon 

Rockingham..., 

McCook 

Montgomery.... 

Washington 

Washington 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oreenleaf,  Mich 

Oreenleaf,  Minu 

Oreenleaf,  S.D 

Green  Meadow,  Idaho.. 
Green  Meadow,  Minn... 

Green  Mill,  Fla 

Green  Mountain,  N.C... 
Green  Mountain  Falls, 

Col 

Green  Oak,  Mich 

Greenport,  N.Y 

Green  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Green  Ridge,  Mo 

Green  River,  N.C 

Green  River,  Wyo 

Green sborough,  Ala 

Greensborough,  Ala 

Greenaborough,  Ga 

Greensborough,  Ga 

Greensborough,  lud 

Greensborough,  Ind 

Greensborough,  Md 

Greensborough,  Md 

Greensborough,  Miss.... 

Greensborough,  N.C 

Greensborough,  Pa 

Greensborough,  Vt 

Greensburg,  Ind 

Greensburg,  Kan 

Greensburg,  Ky 

Greensburg,  Ky 

Greensburg,  La 

Greensburg,  Mo 

Greensburg,  O 

Greensburg,  Pa 

Green  Sea,  S.O 

Greensport,  Ala 

Green  Spring,  Del 

Green  Spring,  0 

Green  Spring,  Va 

Green  Sulphur,  W.  Va.. 

Green  Top,  Mo 

Greentown,  Ind 

Green  Tree,  Pa 

Greenup,  HI 

Greenup,  III 

Greenup,  Ky 

Greenup,  Ky 

Greenvale,  Minn 

Green  Valley,  &c.,  Cal.. 

Green  Valley,  Cal 

Green  Valley,  Minn 

Green  Valley,  Neb 

Green  Valley,  S.D 

Green  Valley,  Wis 

Greenview,  III 

Greenview,  N.D 

Greenville,  Ala 

Greenville,  Ala 

Greenville,  Ark 

Greenville,  Fla 

Greenville,  III 

Greenville,  111 

Greenville,  Ind 

Greenville,  Ind 

Greenville,  Ky 

Greenville,  Me 

Greenville,  Mich 

Greenville,  Miss 

Greenville,  Miss 

Greenville,  N.H 

Greenville,  N.Y 

Greenville,  N.Y 

Greenville,  N.C 

Greenville,  N.C 

Greenville,  0 

Greenville,  0 

Greenville,  Pa 

Greenville,  Pa 

Greenville,  S.C 

Greenville,  S.C 

Greenville,  Tex 

Greenville,  Utah 

Greenville,  Va 

Greenville,  Wis 

Greenway,  Ark 

Greenway,  Va 

Greenwich,  Conn , 

Greenwich,  Mass 

Greenwich,  N.J ^.. 

Greenwich,  N.J , 

Greenwich,  N.J 

Greenwich,  N.Y , 

Greenwich,  N.Y , 

Greenwich,  0 , 

Greenwich,  O , 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-beat 

city 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

beat 

post-rill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Sanilac... 
Meeker.. 

Hand 

Ada 

Norman.. 
Holmes.., 
Yancey... 


El  Paso 

Livingston 

Columbia , 

Morrison 

Pettis , 

Henderson , 

Sweetwater , 

Hale 

Hale 

Greene 

Greene 

Henry 

Henry 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Webster 

Guilford 

Greene , 

Orleans 

Decatur 

Kiowa 

Green , 

Green 

Saint  Helena.... 

Knox 

Putnam 

Westmoreland 

Horry 

Saint  Clair 

New  Castle 

Seneca 

Louisa 

Summei-s 

Schuyler 

Howard 

Alleghany 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Greenup 

Greenup , 

Dakota , 

San  Diego 

Solano 

Becker 

Holt 

Miner 

Shawano 

Menard 

Steele 

Butler 

Butler 

Clark 

Madison 

Bond 

Bureau , 

Floyd 

Floyd , 

Muhlenburg. ... 

Piscataquis 

Montcalm 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 
Hillsborough... 

Greene 

Orange 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Darke 

Darke 

Mercer 

Somerset 

Greenville 

Greenville 

Hunt 

Beaver , 

Augusta 

Outagamie 

Clay 

Clarke  

Fairfield 

Hampshire 

Cumberland.... 

Gloucester 

Warren 

Washington..., 
Washington.... 

Huron 

Huron 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


612 

668 


116 
664 


1,002 

1,275 

214 

999 

971 

327 

5,383 

1,833 

2,627 

1,621 

1,445 

223 

2,851 

684 

2,070 

2,105 

432 

1,061 

3,138 


3,365 
620 
297 

1,166 
940 

2,500 
961 

1,013 


720 

4,017 

1,646 

220 

236 


2,495 
605 

3,810 
833 
836 


709 


392 
450 


4,809 

2,471 

1,256 

2,145 

1,; 

1,008 

1,589 

393 

866 

586 

3,144 

7,451 

2,191 

1,072 

2,043 

1,002 

4,647 

912 

6,807 

3,535 

3,007 

557 

8,312 

6,160 


214 

296 

1,326 


1,864 
7,892 

633 
1,246 
2,598 
2,554 
3,860 
1,231 
1,376 

647 


806 
719 
103 
253 
213 
372 
670 

421 

817 

1,247 

834 

1,315 

1,271 

723 

5,144 

1,759 

2,151 

1,313 

1,612 

318 

3,151 

902 

2,430 

3,317 

427 

918 

3,596 

515 

3,250 

552 

280 

1,388 

1,098 

4,202 

1,300 

817 

372 

910 

4,448 

2,135 

238 

721 

685 

2,804 

858 

3,548 

669 

705 

1,173 

774 

123 

294 

208 

784 

1,106 

143 

5,372 

2,806 

1,011 

1,705 

1,868 

946 

1,415 

313 

968 

781 

3,056 

8,902 

6,658 

1,255 

1,951 

862 

6,679 

1,937 

8,497 

5,473 

3,674 

619 

11,039 

8,607 

4,330 

209 

328 

1,246 

33 

1,691 

10,131 

526 

1,173 

1,900 

825 

4,196 

1,663 

1,616 

881 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Greenwich,  Pa 

Greenwich,  Utah 

Greenwood,  Ala 

Greenwood,  Ala 

Greenwood,  Ark 

Greenwood,  Ark 

Greenwood,  Cal 

Greenwood,  Col 

Greenwood,  Del 

Greenwood,  111 

Greenwood,  111 

Greenwood,  Ind 

Greenwood,  Iowa.... 

Greenwood,  Kan 

Greenwood,  Kan 

Greenwood,  La 

Greenwood,  Me 

Greenwood,  Mich.... 
Greenwood,  Mich.... 

Greenwood,  Mich 

Greenwood,  Mich.... 
Greenwood,  Mich.... 
Greenwood,  Minn.... 

Greenwood,  Miss 

Greenwood,  Mo 

Greenwood,  Neb 

Greenwood,  Neb 

Greenwood,  N.Y 

Greenwood,  N.C 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  S.C 

Greenwood,  S.C 

Greenwood,  Wis 

Greenwood,  Wis 

Greer,  Ind 

Greer's  Depot,  S.C... 

Gregg,  Ind 

Gregg,  Pa 

Gregg,  Pa 

Gregg,  S.C 

Gregg,  S.C 

Gregory,  Ark 

Gregory,  Mont 

Greig,  N.Y 

Grenada,  Miss. 

Grenola,  Kan 

Grenville,  S.D 

Gretna,  La 

Gretna,  Neb 

Grey  Eagle,  Minn.... 

Grice,  Tenn , 

Gridley,  Cal 

Gridley,  Cal 

Gridley,  111 

Gridley,  111 

Griffin,  Ark 

Griffin.  Ark 

Griffin,  Ga 

Griffin,  Ga 

Griffin,  N.C , 

Griffin,  N.C 

Grifton,N.C , 

Griggs,  Ark 

Griggs,  Ark 

Griggs,  Iowa 

Griggsville,  111 , 

Griggsville,  111 

Grimes,  Ala , 

Grimes,  Iowa 

Grindstone  City,  Mich. 

Grinnell,  Iowa 

Grinnell,  Iowa 

Grinnell,  Kan 

Grisham,  III 

Griswold,  Conn 

Qriswold,  Iowa 

Gritter,  Ga 

Groesbeck,  Tex 

Grogan,  Ga 

Gross,  Md 

Grosse  Point,  Mich.. 
Grosse  Point,  Mich.. 

Groton,  Conn 

Groton,  Mass 

Groton,  N.H 

Groton,  N.Y 

Groton,  N.Y 

Groton,  0 

Groton,  S.D 

Groton,  S.D 

Groton,  Vt 

Grouse  Creek,  Utah.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

I)ost-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 


County. 


Berks 

Pi  Ute 

Bullock 

Etowah 

Baxter 

Sebastian 

El  Dorado 

Custer 

Sussex 

Christian 

McHenry 

Johnson 

Kossuth 

Franklin 

Phillips 

Caddo 

Oxford 

Clare 

Oceana 

Oscoda 

Saint  Clair 

Wexford 

Hennepin 

Le  Flore 

Jackson 

Cass 

Cass 

Steuben 

Moore 

Clearfield 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Juniata 

Perry 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Taylor 

Vernon 

Warrick 

Greenville 

Morgan 

Centre 

Union 

Aiken  

Edgefield 

Conway 

Jefferson 

Lewis 

Grenada 

Elk 

Day 

Jeffierson 

Sarpy 

Todd 

Gibson 

Butte 

Butte 

McLean 

McLean 

Conway 

Pope 

Spalding 

Wilkinson 

Martin 

Nash 

Pitt 

Saint  Francis..., 

Van  Buren 

Ida 

Pike 

Pike 

Pike 

Cerro  Gordo 

Huron 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Grove 

Montgomery.... 
New  London.... 

Cass 

Cobb 

Limestone 

Milton 

Alleghany 

Wayne 

Wayne 

New  London... 

Middlesex 

Grafton 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Erie 

Brown 

Brown 

Caledonia 

Box  Elder. 

117 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,988 
614 
4,688 
1,263 
246 
204 
602 


109 
1,073 
966 
448 
631 
786 
■  407 
174 
838 
236 
529 


1,568 

122 

604 

308 

234 

883 

179 

1,386 

2,001 

455 

1,710 

1,614 

601 

1,109 

3,768 

745 


1,050 
1,214 

97 

1,181 

1,795 

904 

5,018 

62 


1,570 
1,914 


2,396 


150 
1,249 


352 

1,768 

419 

591 

811 

3,620 

1,363 

750 

1,367 


284 
1,289 

189 
2,540 
1,616 

806 


299 
3,297 
2,415 


774 
2,745 

360 
1,200 

402 

285 


2,468 
189 

6,128 

1,862 
566 

3,450 
913 

1,038 


1,014 
267 


1,651 

181 

4,261 

419 

357 

68T 

411 

410 

254 

1,076 

899 

862 

1,070 

725 

471 

133 

727 

259 

450 

131 

1,457 

197 

704 

1,055 

296 

772 

495 

1,312 

2,153 

566 

1,876 

1,465 

569 

868 

5^083 

1,326 

233 

1,120 

1,208 

320 

961 

1,688 

964 

4,816 

76 

974 

97 

1,481 

2,416 

608 

1,025 

3,332 

256 

408 

1,266 

1,323 

686 

1,699 

474 

640 

811 

4,503 

1,227 

847 

1,967 

121 

580 

868 

1,263 

2,284 

1,400 

1,198 

410 

462 

4,066 

3,332 

664 

896 

3,113 

752 

1,619 

663 

282 

152 

3,146 

298 

6,539 

2,057 

464 

3,672 

1,280 

888 

1,040 

684 

1,940 

274 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Grout,  Mich 

Grove,  111 

Grove,  Iowa 

Grove,  Iowa 

Grove,  Iowa 

Grove,  Iowa. 

Grove,  Iowa 

Grove,  Iowa 

Grove,  Iowa 

Grove,  Kan 

Grove,  Ky 

Grove,  Mich 

Grove,  Minn 

Grove,  Mo 

Grove,  Keb 

Grove,  N.T 

Grove,  N.C 

Grove,  Pa 

Grove,  8.C 

Grove  City,  Fla 

Grove  City,  Minn 

Grove  City,  0 

Grove  City,  Pa 

Grove  Hill,  Ala 

Grove  Hill,  Ala 

Grove  Hill,  Ga 

Grove  Lake,  Minn 

Groveland,  III 

Groveland,  111 

"Groveland,  Kan 

Groveland,  Mass 

Groveland,  Mich 

Groveland,  N.Y 

Groveland,  S.D 

Grovena,  S.D 

Grove  Park,  Minn 

Groveport,  0 

Grover,  Col 

Grover,  111 

Grover,  N.C 

Grover,  Wis 

Groverville,  Ga 

Grovetou,  Tex 

Grovetown,  Ga 

Grow,  Minn 

Grubbs,  Ark 

Grugan,  Pa 

Grundy,  Va 

Grundy  Centre,  Iowa.. 

Guadalupe,  Col 

Guadalupe,  N.M 

Guadalupita,  N.M 

Gubser,  Ky 

Guejito,  Cal 

Guelph,  Kan 

Guide  Rock,  Neb 

Guide  Rock,  Neb 

Guilderland,  N.T 

Guildhall,  Vt 

Guilford,  Conn 

Guilford,  111 

Guilford,  111 

Guilford,  Ind 

Guilford,  Iowa.„ 

Guilford,  Kan 

Guilford,  Me 

Guilford,  Minn 

Guilford,  N.Y 

Guilford,  0 

Guilford,  Pa. 

Guilford,  Vt. 

Guilford,  Va 

Guin,  Ala 

Guittard,  Kan 

Gulf,  N.C 

Gulf  Hammock,  Fla... 

Gulich,  Pa , 

Gulledge,  N.C , 

Gull  River,  Minn , 

Gum,  Ky 

Gum,  Ky 

Gumborough,  Del 

Gum  Creek,  Ga 

Gum  Log,  Ark 

Gum  Log,  Ga 

Gum  Log,  Ga 

Gum  Neck,  N.C 

Gum  Spring,  Ala 

Gum  Springs,  Ala 

Gumwoods,  Ajk 

Gun  City,  Mo 

Guulock,  Utah. 

Gunn,  Ga 

Gunnell,  Ga 

Gunnison,  Col.» 

Gunnison,  Col 

118 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-towa 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

hundred 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mlL-dist 

precinct 

city 


County. 


Gladwin. 
Jasper. ... 
Adair 


Davis 

Humboldt 

Pottawattamie 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Reno 

Green 

Crawford.- 

Stearns 

Johnson 

Madison 

Alleghany 

Harnett 

Cameron 

Greenville 

De  Soto 

Meeker.„ 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Madison 

Pope 

La  Salle 

Tazewell 

McPherson 

Essex 

Oakland 

Livingston 

Spink 

Moody 

Polk 

Franklin 

Weld 

Wayne 

Cleveland 

Taylor 

Brooks 

Trinity 

Columbia 

Anoka. 

Jackson 

Clinton 

Buchanan 

Grundy 

Conejos 

Bernalillo 

Mora 

Campbell 

San  Diego 

Sumner 

Webster , 

Webster 

Albany 

Essex 

New  Haven 

Jo  Daviess 

Winnebago 

Hendricks 

Monroe 

Wilson , 

Piscataquis 

Wabasha 

Chenango 

Medina 

Franklin 

Windham 

Surry 

Marion 

Marshall 

Chatham 

Levy 

Clearfield 

Anson » 


Monroe 

Simpson 

Sussex 

Newton 

Pope 

Franklin 

Union...„ 

Tyrrell 

Blount , 

Etowah , 

Lonoke 

Cass 

Washington.. 

Baldwin 

Franklin 

Gunnison 

Gunnison 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


616 

1,204 

596 


1,052 
381 

1,002 

<  818 
756 
238 

1,426 
166 
726 

1,188 


1,125 
897 
494 

2,361 


230 
150 


1,609 

176 

1,633 

381 

1,688 

1,505 

479 

2,227 

1,126 

1,342 


660 


2,193 


487 
419 


291 

1,871 

960 


723 
967 


8,469 

658 

2,782 

1,080 

1,014 

2,691 

674 

649 

881 

955 

2,441 

1,872 

3,190 

1,096 

2,652 


1,022 
2,133 
681 
1, 
2,285 


1,584 
1,652 
1,611 
1,065 

625 
1,199 

600 
1.129 


660 
467 
135 
156 
781 
1,000 


888 


1,664 

1,332 

750 

869 

926 

672 

926 

721 

791 

1,022 

1,416 

204 

738 

1,026 

541 

956 

1,266 

784 

3,514 

64 

349 

272 

1,160 

2,163 

226 

2,010 

403 

1,601 

1,467 

571 

2,191 

917 

1,307 

131 

669 

306 

678 

156 

2,464 

126 

296 

1,548 

1,076 

1,060 

485 

538 

229 

2,114 

1,161 

610 

250 

309 

945 

143 

1,031 

887 

336 

3,606 

511 

2,780 

933 

969 

2,609 

662 

677 

1,023 

826 

2,236 

1,841 

3,754 

870 

3,011 

1,048 

1,210 

2,623 

650 

1,300 

2,541 

439 

1,578 

1,378 

1,355 

1,049 

650 

950 

789 

960 

683 

929 

1,156 

198 

92 

711 

1,359 

909 

1,105 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Gunnison,  Utah 

Gun  Plains,  Mich 

Gunsight,  Tex 

Guntersville,  Ala 

Guntersville,  Ala 

Gurdon,  Ark 

Gurley,  Ala.... 

Gurley,  Ala. 

Gurnee,  Ala 

Gustavus,  0 

Gustin,  Mich 

Guthrie,  Ark 

Guthrie,  Ind „. 

Guthrie,  Ky 

Guthrie,  Mo 

Guthrie,  Okla. 

Guthrie  Centre,  Iowa.. 

Guttenberg,  Iowa. 

Guttenburg,  NJ 

Guy,  Col 

Guyan,  O 

Gnyandotte,  W.  Va 

Guyandotte,  W.  Va 

Guyton,  Ga 

Gwaltiiey,  N.C 

Gwynedd,  Pa 

Gyjjsum,  Col 

Gypsum,  Kan 

Gypsum,  Kan „ 

Gypsum,  Kan 

Gypsum  Creek,  Kan.... 

Hachita,  N.M 

Hackberry,  Kan 

Hackberry,  Neb 

Hackberry,  Tenn 

Hackensack,  N.J 

Hacker  Creek,  W.  Va.. 
Hacker  Valley,  W.  Va. 

Hackett,  Ark 

Hackett,  Wis 

Hackettstown,  N.J 

Hackleburg,  Ala 

Hackneyville,  Ala. 

Haddam,  Conn 

Haddam,  Kan 

Haddam,  Kan 

Haddon,  Ind 

Haddon,  N.J 

Haddonfield,  NJ 

Hadensville,  Ky 

Hadley,  Ark 

Hadley,  111 

Hadley,  Ky 

Hadley,  Mass 

Hadley,  Mich 

Hadley,  Mich 

Hadley,  N.Y 

Hadley,  N.C 

Hadlock,  Wash 

Hadlock,  Wash 

Hagaman's  Mills,  N.Y, 

Hagan,  Ga 

Hagar,  Mich 

Hageman,  Ind 

Hagen,  Minn 

Hager  Shoal,  Ky 

Hagerstown,  Ind 

Hagerstown,  Md 

Hagerstown,  Md 

Hague,  N.Y 

Hague,  S.D 

Hahnaman,  III 

Hahn's  Peak,  Col 

Hahnstown,  Pa 

Hahnville,  La 

Haighler,  Neb 

Haile  Gold  Mine,  S.C. 

Hailey,  Idaho 

Haines,  III 

Haines,  Neb 

Haines,  Ore 

Haines,  Pa 

Halbert,  Ind 

Halbert,  Ky 

Halcott,  N.Y 

Hale,  Ark 

Hale,  111 

Hale,  Iowa. 

Hale,  Minn 

Hale,  Mo 

Hale,  0 

Hale,  Wis 

Half  Acre,  Ga.. 

Half  Moon,  N.Y 

Half  Moon,  Pa 

Halifax,  ItUss 


Rank  of 
place. 


post, 
town  si 
post- 


■prect 
iship 
•town 


precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

poBt-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

poat-town 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

village 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 


County. 


San  Pete , 

Allegan 

Stephens 

Marshall 

Marshall.. 

Clark 

Madison 

Madison 

Shelby 

Trumbull 

Alcona. 

Izard 

Lawrence 

Todd , 

Callaway ^ 

Logan 

Guthrie , 

Clayton 

Hudson 

Jefferson 

Gallia. 

Cabell 

Cabell 

Effingham 

Alexander 

Montgomery.... 

Eagle 

Saline 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

McPherson 

Grant , 

Labette.. 

Polk 

Loudon 

Bergen 

Lewis , 

Webster , 

Sebastian 

Price , 

Warren 

Marion 

Tallapoosa 

Middlesex 

Washington.... 

Washington 

Sullivan , 

Camden 

Camden 

Todd 

Columbia 

Pike 

Warren 

Hampshire 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Saratoga 

Chatham 

Jefferson 

Jefferson , 

Montgomery..., 

Bulloch 

Berrien , 

Porter 

Clay ^. 

Floyd 

Wayne 

Washington...., 
Washington...., 

Warren 

Clark 

Whiteside 

Routt 

Westmoreland. 
Saint  Charles.. 

Dundy 

Lancaster 

Alturas 

Marion 

Cheyenne 

Baker 

Centre 

Martin 

Floyd 

Greene 

Grarland 

Warren 

Jones. 

McLeod 

Carroll 

Hardin 

Trempealeau... 

Putnam 

Saratoga 

Centre 

Plymouth.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


729 
2,621 


1,080 
325 


653 

1,224 

322 


571 
1,076 
1,206 


2,277 

6,883 

819 


1,321 
2,041 


465 


676 
642 


1,104 
827 
623 
4,248 
3,696 
655 
172 


2,602 


2,218 
2,419 


93 
2,725 
2,651 
1,480 
1,855 

668 
1,264 
1,746 
1,938 
1,474 

293 
1,095 
1,488 


1,073 
946 


702 

898 

4,031 

6,627 

807 


806 


1,129 


1,422 

1,913 
600 
396 
387 

1,041 
966 

1,233 


1,740 

1,301 

709 

3,102 

664 

642 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Halifax,  N.C 

Halifax,  N.C 

Halifax,  Pa 

Halifax,  Pa. 

Halifax,  Vt 

Hall,  Ga. 

Hall,  111 

Hall,  Ind 

Hall,  Kan 

Hall,  Neb 

Hall,  N.C 

Hall,  N.C 

Hall,  N.D 

Hall,  S.C 

Halladaw,  Ga 

Hall  Cross  Roads,  Md... 

Hallet,  Kan 

Halletsville,  Tex 

Halliduy,  Ark 

Hallnian,  Ala 

Halloca,  Ga 

Hallock,  111 

Hallock,  Minn 

Hallock,  Minn 

Hallowell,  Me 

Hallsborough,  N.C 

Hallstead,  Pa 

Hallsville,  Mo 

Hallsville,  N.C 

Hall  Valley,  Col 

Halmons,  Ala 

Halpin,  Ala 

Halsellville,  S.C 

Halsey,  Ore 

Halsey,  Ore 

Halsey,  Wis 

Halstad,  Minn 

Halstead,  Kan 

Halstead,  Kan 

Hambliu,  Ind 

Hamblin,  Utah 

Hamburg,  Ala 

Hamburg,  Ala 

Hamburg,  Ark 

Hamburg,  Fla 

Hamburg,  111 

Hamburg,  Iowa 

Hamburg,  Iowa 

Hamburg,  Mich 

Hamburg,  N.T 

Hamburg,  N.Y 

Hamburg,  NC 

Hamburg,  Pa 

Hamburg,  S.C 

Hamburg,  Tenn 

Hamburg,  Wis 

Hamburg,  Wis 

Hamby,  Ky 

Hamden,  Conn 

Hamden,  Minn 

Hamden,  N.Y 

Hamden,  O 

Hamel,  111 

Hamer,  0 

Hamersville,  0 

Hamilton,  Ala 

Hamilton,  Ark 

Hamilton,  Cal 

Hamilton,  Ga 

Hamilton,  111 

Hamilton,  111 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Iowa 

Hamilton,  Iowa 

Hamilton,  Iowa 

Hamilton,  Kan 

Hamilton,  Kan 

Hamilton,  Ky 

Hamilton,  Ky 

Hamilton,  Mass 

Hamilton,  Mich.. 

Hamilton,  Mich 

Hamilton,  Mich 

Hamilton,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Neb , 

Hamilton,  Neb 

Hamilton,  N.J 

Hamilton,  N.J 

Hamilton,  N.T , 

Hamilton,  N.Y , 

Hamilton,  N.C 

Hamilton,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-Till 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

district 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

pos^vill 

city 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mug.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 


GountT. 


Halifoz 

Halifax 

Dauphin  

Dauphin 

Windham 

Hart 

Bureau 

Dubois 

Thomas. 

Lincoln 

Gates 

Sampson 

Sargent 

Anderson 

Greene 

Harford 

Hodgeman 

Lavaca 

Greene 

Bibb 

Chattahoochee 

Peoria. 

Kittson 

Kittson 

Kennebec 

Columbus 

Susquehanna.... 

Boone 

Duplin 

Park 

Baldwin 

Bandolph 

Chester 

Linn 

Linn 

Marathon 

Norman 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Brown 

Washington 

Chambers 

Perry 

Ashley 

Madison 

Calhoun 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Livingston 

Erie 

Erie 

Jackson 

Berks 

Aiken 

Hardin 

Marathon 

Vernon 

Christian 

New  Haven 

Becker , 

Delaware 

Vinton 

Madison 

Highland 

Brown 

Marion 

Lonoke 

Butte 

Harris 

Hancock 

Lee 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Sullivan 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Ellis. 

Greenwood 

Boone 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,888 
376 

1,406 
586 
852 
589 

1,058 

1,306 


1,248 


1,517 

511 

6,817 


588 


450 

600 

1,0&5 


3,154 


546 
60 
50 


719 

1,388 

885 

306 


292 
870 


2,093 


1,806 
2,218 

747 
2,374 

904 


2,036 

919 

3,234 

758 

588 

2,010 

485 

121 

563 

1,156 

1,677 

3,408 

316 

1,496 

520 

1,222 

1,051 

231 


583 

2,756 

1,703 

1,026 

427 

1,217 

1,924 

4,485 

840 

417 

886 

232 


1,293 


Ohio 

283 

935 

Clare 

656 

Van  Buren 

Caldwell 

1,127 

2,004 

1,200 

803 

Caldwell 

Fillmore 

440 

439 

1,464 

3,370 
3,912 

1,638 

Martin 

1,933 

Martin 

369 

3,476 

361 

1,208 

615 

702 

975 

6,683 

1,406 

670 

373 

856 

1,338 

311 

1,793 

568 

6,729 

122 

1,011 

327 

789 

476 

1,084 

496 

302 

3,181 

146 

1,167 

92 

24 

40 

492 

807 

1,896 

719 

270 

664 

799 

1,817 

1,071 

1,969 

41 

2,353 

1,702 

656 

2,416 

962 

1,634 

1,634 

918 

3,802 

1,331 

842 

2,127 

484 

111 

693 

1,081 

967 

3,882 

437 

1,507 

622 

1,206 

938 

264 

1,525 

720 

1,819 

2,010 

1,301 

329 

1,340 

1,858 

4,241 

800 

591 

647 

327 

206 

1,042 

302 

961 

508 

752 

966 

2,527 

1,641 

869 

623 

710 

1,512 

4,163 

3,923 

1,744 

2,247 

781 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hamilton,  N.D 

Hamilton,  N.D 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  O 

Hamilton,  Ore 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  S.D 

Hamilton,  Tex 

Hamilton,  Va 

Hamilton,  Va 

Hamilton,  Wash 

Hamilton,  W.  Va 

Hamilton,  Wis 

Hamiltonban,  Pa 

Ham  Lake,  Minn 

Hamler,  0 

Hamlin,  Iowa. 

Hamlin,  Kan 

Hamlin,  Kan 

Hamlin,  Mich 

Hamlin,  Mich 

Hamlin,  Minn 

Hamlin,  N.Y 

Hamlin,  N.D 

Hamlin,  N.D 

Hamlin,  Pa 

Hamlin,  S.D 

Hammer,  Minn 

Hammock,  Ga 

Hammock,  Ga 

Hammond,  Ind 

Hammond,  Ind 

Hammond,  La 

Hammond,  Minn 

Hammond,  Neb 

Hammond,  N.Y 

Hammond,  S.C 

Hammond,  Wis 

Hammond,  Wis 

Hammondsport,  N.Y... 

Hammonton,  N.J 

Hammonville,  Ky 

Hampden,  Ala 

Hampden,  Kan 

Hampden,  Me 

Hampden,  Mass 

Hampden,  Minn 

Hampden,  0 

Hampden,  Pa 

Hampden,  Va 

Hampden,  Wis 

Hampshire,  111 

Hampshire,  III 

Hampshire,  Iowa 

Hampstead,  Md 

Hampstead,  Md 

Hampstead,  N.H 

Hampton,  Ark 

Hampton,  Ark 

Hampton,  Ark 

Hampton,  Conn 

Hampton,  Ga 

Hampton,  Ga 

Hampton,  Ga 

Hampton,  111 

Hampton,  111 

Hampton,  Iowa. 

Hampton,  Kan 

Hampton,  Mich 

Hampton,  Minn 

Hampton,  Neb 

Hampton,  N.H 

Hampton,  N.J 

Hampton,  N.Y 

Hampton,  Pa 

Hampton,  S.C 

Hampton,  Tenn 

Hampton,  Va 

Hampton,  Va 

Hampton,  Va. 

Hamptonburg,  N.Y 

Hampton  City,  Ky 

Hampton  Falls,  N.H... . 

Hampton  Mill,  Ga 

Hamtramck,  Mich 

Hanaford,  Wash 

Hanceville,  Ala 

Hancock,  111 

Hancock,  Iowa.........u. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

poet-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

mag..di8t 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 


County. 


Pembina. 

Pembina 

Butler 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Warren 

Grant 

Adams 

Franklin 

McKean 

Monroe 

Tioga 

Charles  Mix 

Hamilton 

Cumberland 

Loudoun 

Skagit 

Nicholas 

La  Crosse 

Adams 

Anoka 

Henry 

Audubon 

Brown , 

Brown 

Eaton 

Mason 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Monroe 

Nelson 

Sargent 

McKean 

Hamlin 

Yellow  Med 

Jones 

Twiggs 

Lake , 

Spencer 

Tangipahoa 

Polk , 

Nuckolls , 

Saint  Lawrence 

Aiken 

St.  Croix , 

St.  Croix , 

Steuben 

Atlantic 

Hart , 

Marengo 

Coffey 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Kittson , 

Geauga 

Cumberland .... 
Prince  Edward 

Columbia 

Kane 

Kane 

Clinton 

Carroll , 

Carroll 

Rockingham... 

Calhoun 

Lee 

Marion 

Windham - 

Henry 

Henry , 

Polk 

Rock  Island 

Rock  Island..... 

Franklin 

Rush 

Bay 

Dakota 

Hamilton 

Rockingham... 

Sussex 

Washington.... 

Alleghany 

Hampton 

Carter 

Elizabeth  City. 
Elizabeth  City.. 
Rappahannock 

Orange 

Boyd 

Rockingham.... 

Laurens. 

Wayne 

Lewis 

Blount 

Hancock 

Plymouth 

119 


Popnlatioii. 


1880.      1890. 


12,122 
1,486 
819 
1,168 
2,623 


721 
1,766 

639 
1,876 
2,060 


277 
3,930 

248 


1,956 

1,661 

1,669 

236 

231 

376 

1,025 

136 

1,316 

306 

146 

2,556 


330 


238 

688 
579 
699 
2,890 
277 


1,860 

3,589 

1,418 

361 

755 

1,776 

3,012 

969 

585 

2,911 

958 

416 

666 

1,000 

3,178 

944 

1,486 

483 

959 

1,983 

306 

959 

150 

899 

629 

827 

2,311 

621 

1,470 

3,437 

576 

1,598 

675 

2,016 

806 


1,184 
895 
833 

1,003 
169 


1,694 
2,684 
2,006 
1,143 
384 
678 
1,099 
4,440 


1,130 


700 

257 

17,565 

1,607 

623 

1,389 

1,996 

362 

661 

1,680 

1,734 

1,626 

2,375 

207 

726 

3,276 

407 

203 

1,787 

1,942 

1,831 

384 

556 

806 

1,207 

216 

1,224 

85 

292 

2,338 

180 

216 

1,722 

278 

315 

637 

388 

6,428 

2,629 

692 

100 

457 

1,774 

3,276 

1,278 

388 

934 

3,833 

2,475 

933 

598 

2,484 

831 

242 

606 

964 

2,945 

861 

1,618 

696 

904 

2,202 

521 

860 

132 

1,520 

750 

632 

2,256 

422 

1,678 

2,164 

341 

2,067 

690 

2,890 

726 

430 

1,330 

866 

791 

1,324 

318 

607 

2,613 

2,613 

1,860 

1,129 

426 

622 

489 

4,026 

138 

530 

894 

160 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hancock,  Iowa 

Hancock,  Kan 

Hancock,  Me 

Hancock,  Md 

Hancock,  Md 

Hancock,  Mass 

Hancock,  Mich 

Hancock,  Mich 

Hancock,  Minn 

Hancock,  Minn 

Hancock,  Keb 

Hancock,  N.H 

Hancock,  N.Y 

Hancock,  NY 

Hancock,  N.D 

Hancock,  Vt 

Hancock,  Wis 

Handsborough,  Miss... 

Handy,  Mich 

Haney,  Wis 

Hanford,  Cal 

Hanging  Grove,  Ind... 

Hanging  Eock,  0 

Hanmann,  Col 

Hanna,  111 

Hanna,  Ind 

Hanna,  Wyo 

Hannan,  W.  Va 

Hannibal,  Mo 

Hannibal,  N.Y 

Hannibal,  N.Y 

Hanover,  Ala 

Hanover,  111 

Hanover,  111 

Hanover,  111 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Iowa 

'Hanover,  Iowa 

Hanover,  Kan 

Hanover,  Kan 

Hanover,  Kan 

Hanover,  Me 

Hanover,  Mass 

Hanover,  Mich 

Hanover,  Mich 

Hanover,  Mich 

Hanover,  Neb 

Hanover,  Neb 

Hanover,  N.H 

Hanover,  N.J 

Hanover,  N.Y 

Hanover,  O 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  O 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hansford,  Tenn 

Hansford  Mill,  Fla 

Hanson,  Ky 

Hanson,  Ky 

Hanson,  Mass 

Hanson,  S.D 

Hanson,  S.D 

Hansonville,  Minn 

Hantho,  Minn 

Hanvers,  Md 

Happy  Camp,  Cal 

Happy  Hollow,  Kan.... 

Haralson,  Ga 

Haralson,  Ga 

Harbin,  Ga 

Harbin,  Ga 

Harbison,  Ind 

Harbor  Creek,  Pa 

Harbor  Springs,  Mich. 

Hardee,  W.Va 

Hardeeville,  S.C , 

Hardenburg,  N.Y 

Hardin,  Ark 

Hardin,  Col 

Hardin,  111 

Hardin,  111 

Hardin,  111 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Iowa. 

120 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

precinct 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-twp 

township 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Pottawattamie 

Osborne „ 

Hancock 

Washington.... 

Washington 

Berkshire 

Houghton 

Houghton 

Carver 

Stevens 

Wayne 

Hillsborough... 

Delaware 

Delaware 

McLean 

Addison 

Waushara 

Harrison 

Livingston 

Crawford 

Tulare 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Saguache 

Henry 

La  Porte 

Carbon 

Mason 

Marion 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Coosa 

Cook 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

JefTersou 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Shelby 

Allamakee 

Crawford 

Lincoln 

Washington 

Washington 

Oxford 

Plymouth 

Jackson  

Jackson , 

Wexford 

Adams 

Gage 

Grafton , 

Morris ..'. 

Chautauqua 

Ashland 

Butler 

Columbiana...., 

Columbiana 

Licking 

Licking , 

Beaver 

Lehigh 

Luzerne 

Northampton.., 
Washington...., 

York 

Lauderdale 

Calhoun 

Hopkins 

Hopkins 

Plymouth 

Brown 

Hanson 

Lincoln 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Frederick 

Siskiyou 

Graham 

Coweta 

Coweta 

Cherokee 

Gwinnett 

Dubois 

Erie 

Emmet 

Logan 

Beaufort 

Ulster 

Faulkner 

Weld 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Pike 

Greene 

Hardin , 

Jobnaon.. , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,093 

2,233 

931 

642 

3,041 

1,783 

681 

91 


689 

3,238 

686 


382 
675 
519 
2,301 
636 
269 
448 
624 


785 
595 


3,285 
11,074 

3,173 
490 
822 

1,300 

1,410 
459 

1,143 
376 

1,009 

1,687 
601 
532 


2,108 
578 
203 
1,897 
1,732 
300 
154 


267 
2,147 
4,138 
4,221 
2,316 
1,352 
2,258 

443 
1,236 

302 
1,351 
3,813 
2,000 

503 

2,317 


218 
2,020 


1,309 


152 

243 

1,605 

696 


1,356 

786 

1,023 

1,781 


1,386 
252 
801 
886 


807 

300 
1,410 

597 
1,986 

834 


167 

341 

1,190 

2,079 

815 

506 

2,735 

1,772 

550 

218 

388 

637 

4,745 

1,279 

71 

283 

660 

1,021 

2,103 

738 

942 

479 

846 

56 

537 

717 

260 

2,2.36 

12,857 

2,688 

452 

587 

1,501 

1,666 

743 

1,082 

459 

985 

1,858 

639 

821 

342 

1,757 

903 

212 

2,093 

1,675 

363 

209 

655 

641 

1,817 

4,481 

4,616 

1,092 

1,160 

2,082 

366 

1,172 

288 

1,213 

2,863 

2,579 

440 

1,757 

3,746 

441 

257 

?  2,300 

376 

1,267 

620 

268 

403 

514 

1,415 

403 

275 

676 

114 

1,058 

943 

1,019 

1,660 

1,052 

2,490 

649 

784 

1,128 

259 

807 

311 

1,051 

601 

2,717 

719 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Mo 

Hardin,  Mo 

Hardin,  Ore 

Harding,  Ore 

Hardinsburg,  Ind 

Hardinsburg,  Ky 

Hardinsburg,  Ky 

Hardison,  Ky 

Hardison,  Wa«h 

Hardman,  Ore 

Hardacrabble,  Col 

Hardwick,  Ala 

Hardwick,  Ala 

Hardwick,  Mass 

Hardwick,  N.J 

Hardwick,  Vt 

Hardwick  Creek,  Ky.... 

Hardy,  Ark 

Hardy,  Ark 

Hardy,  Neb 

Hardy,  Neb 

Hardy,  0 

Hardy,  Va 

Hardyston,  N.J 

Hardy ville,  Ky 

Hares,  Ala 

Harford,  N.Y 

Harford,  Pa 

Haring,  Mich 

Harlan,  Iowa 

Hanlan,  Iowa 

Harlan,  Iowa 

Harlan,  Iowa 

Harlan,  Kan 

Harlan,  Kan 

Harlan,  Kan 

Harlan,  Ky 

Harlan,  Neb 

Harlan,  0 .* 

Harleeville,  S.O. 

Harlem,  Ga. 

Harlem,  Ga 

Harlem,  111 

Harlem,  111 

Harlem,  N.D 

Harlem,  N.D 

Harlem,  0 

Harlem  Springs,  0 

Harman,  Col 

Hamier,  Pa 

Harmon,  HI 

Harmon,  111 

Harmon,  Kan 

Harmon,  Mich 

Harmony,  Ala 

Harmony,  Ala 

Harmony,  111 

Harmony,  Ind 

Harmony,  Ind 

Harmony,  Ind 

Harmony,  Kan 

Harmony,  Ky 

Harmony,  Ky 

Harmony,  Ky 

Harmony,  Me 

Harmony,  Md 

Harmony,  Minn 

Harmony,  Minn 

Harmony,  Mo 

Harmony,  Neb 

Harmony,  N.J 

Harmony,  N.Y 

Harmony,  N.D 

Harmony,  0..., 

Harmony,  O , 

Harmony,  Pa , 

Harmony,  Pa 

Harmony,  Pa , 

Harmony,  Pa 

Harmony,  S.C , 

Harmony,  S.D 

Harmony,  S.D 

Harmony,  S.D 

Harmony,  Wis 

Harmony,  Wis 

Harmony  Grove,  Ga.... 

Harnett,  N.C 

Harney,  Ore 

Harney,  Ore 

Harp,  111 

Harper,  Ark 

Harper,  Iowa 

Harper,  Kan 

Harper,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 


County. 


Pottawattamie 

Webster 

Clinton 

Bay 

Crook , 

Clackamas , 

Washington 

Breckenridge... 
Breckenridge... 

Logan 

Klickitat 

Morrow 

Fremont 

Blount 

Henry  

Worcester 

Warren 

Caledonian 

Estill , 

Lee 

Sharp 

Nuckolls 

Nuckolls 

Holmes , 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Sussex. , 

Hart , 

Sumter 

Cortland 

Susquehanna... 

Wexford , 

Faj-ette , 


Shelby 

Shelby 

Decatur........ 

Smith 

Smith 

Harlan 

Bock 

Warren 

Marion 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Stephenson ... 
Winnebago... 

Sargent 

Sargent 

Delaware 

Carroll 

Arapahoe 

Alleghany.... 

Lee 

Lee 

Sumner. 

Oscoda 

Blount 

Jackson 

Hancock.^.... 

Clay 

Posey 

Union 

Stevens  

Adair 

Caldwell 

Owen 

Somerset 

Caroline 

Fillmore , 

Fillmore , 

Washington.. 
Webster........ 

Warren 

Chautauqua.. 


Clark- , 

Morrow , 

Beaver 

Butler , 

Forest 

Susquehanna... 

Clarendon 

Edmunds 

Jerauld 

Spink 

Kock 

Vernon 

Jackson 

New  Hanover.. 

Harney 

Harney 

De  Witt 

Cleveland 

Keokuk 

Harper 

Harper 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Harpifr,  Kan 

Harper,  W.  Va 

Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va. 
Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va 

Harpersfleld,  N.Y 

Harpersfleld,  0... 

Harpersville,  Ala 

Harpersvllle,  Miss 

Harpswell,  Me 

Barrel  Cross  R'ds,  Ala. 

Barren's,  N.C ,.... 

Harrellsville,  N.C 

Harrellsville,  N.C 

Harrietstown,  N.Y 

Harrietta,  Mich 

Harriman,  Tenn 

Harrington,  Me 

Harrington,  N.J 

Harris,  Ark 

Harris,  Ga 

Harris,  111 

Harris,  Ind 

Harris,  Minn 

Harris,  Mo •. 

Harris,  N.C 

Harris,  N.C 

Harris,  0 

Harris,  Pa 

Harris,  W.  Va 

Harris,  Wis 

Barrisburg,  Ark 

Harrisburg,  Col 

Barrisburg,  Ga 

Barrisburg,  111 

Barrisburg,  111 

Barrisburg,  Ind 

Harrisburg,  Iowa 

Barrisburg,  Mo 

Harrisburg,  N.Y 

Harrisburg,  O 

Barrisburg,  0 

Harrisburg,  Ore 

Harrisburg,  Ore 

Harrisburg,  Pa 

Harrisburg,  Tenn 

Harris  Lot,  Md 

Harrison,  Ala 

Harrison,  Ark 

Barrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Barrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ga 

Barrison,  Ga 

Harrison,  Ga 

Barrison,  Ga 

Harrison,  111 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Barrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa. 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Barrison,  Iowa. 

Barrison,  Iowa 

Barrison,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan , 

Harrison,  Kan 

Barrison,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan , 

Barrison,  Kan 

g 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

Tillage 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

luil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-Till 

Tillage 

precinct 

post-Till 

city 

ciTil-dist 

district 

precinct 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

tow^nship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


McPherson 

Roane 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Delaware 

Ashtabula 

Shelby 

Scott 

Cumberland 

Dallas 

Mitchell 

Bertford 

Hertford 

Franklin 

Wexford 

Roane 

Washington 

Bergen 

Stonel 

Morgan 

Fulton 

Saint  Joseph,... 

Chisago 

Ripley  

Franklin 

Stanly 

Ottawa 

Centre 

Wood 

Marquette 

Poinsett 

Arapahoe 

Jackson 

Saline 

Saline 

Grant 

Van  Buren 

Boone 

Lewis 

Franklin 

Stark 

Linn 

Linn 

Dauphin 

SeTier 

Charles 

Hale 

Boone 

Boone 

Columbia 

Bot  Spring 

Union 

White 

Decatur 

Madison 

Putnam 

Washington 

Winnebago 

Bartholomew... 

Blackford 

Boone 

Cass 

Clay 

DaTiess 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Fayette 

Barrison 

Benry 

Howard 

Knox 

Kosciusko 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pulaski 

Spencer 

Union 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Wells 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Harrison 

Lee 

Mahaska 

Osceola 

Chautauqua 

Franklin 

Greeley 

Jewell 

Nemaha 

Norton 

Wallace 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


480 
1,731 
1,219 

764 
1,420 
1,116 
1,375 


1,773 

747 

1,053 

2,233 


533 


1,290 

2,570 

332 

945 

1,220 

450 


566 
1,900 
1,190 
2,515 

942 
2,544 

534 


1,440 

2,302 

934 

145 

971 

88 

1,089 
186 
136 

1,274 

422 

30,762 

1,005 

2,101 
822 

1,834 
582 

1,216 


793 
1,596 
1,024 

396 
1,167 


650 

1,162 

2,163 

1,401 

1,157 

3,043 

1,289 

1,090 

1,786 

1,888 

999 

3,562 

1,914 

1,086 

3,266 

1,803 

1,249 

445 

523 

819 

2,279 

816 

27,910 

588 

4,389 

841 

698 

680 

1,999 

1,007 

1,515 


638 
659 


427 

2,305 

3,264 

958 

1,.S86 

944 

1,921 

138 

1,766 

507 

1,388 

2,392 

110 

1,582 

336 

716 

1,150 

2,769 

579 

970 

1,260 

486 

504 

588 

1,801 

1,413 

2,330 

869 

2,491 

576 

482 

212 

1,897 

2,150 

1,723 

146 

920 

135 

816 

211 

107 

959 

413 

39,386 

1,095 

1,837 

664 

2,240 

1,438 

474 

541 

877 

2,097 

830 

949 

961 

575 

577 

930 

2,708 

1,328 

1,189 

3,667 

1,300 

1,047 

2,041 

1,915 

1,119 

3,537 

1,674 

1,110 

3,244 

2,156 

1,248 

346 

471 

842 

2,167 

741 

31,277 

503 

6,764 

808 

677 

902 

1,797 

836 

2,068 

303 

834 

694 

166 

702 

970 

636 

209 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Barrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison. 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Barrison 
Barrison, 
Barrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison. 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Barrison, 
Barrison 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison, 
Barrison, 
Barrison 
Barrison 
Barrison 
Barrison 
Harrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison 
HaiTison 
Barrison, 
Barrison 
Harrison, 
Harrison, 


Me 

Mich... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn..., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Neb 

Neb , 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

N.J 

N.J 

N.Y 

0 

0 

0 

0 


0. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa •„,.., 

8.D , 

S.D 

S.D 

Va 

Wis , 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Harrisonburg,  La. 

Harrisonburg,  Va 

BarrisonTille,  Ga. 

Harrisonville,  111 

BarrisonTille,  Ky 

BarrisonTille,  Mo 

Barris  School-House, 

Tenn 

Barris  Station,  Tenn... 

Barriston,  N.D 

Harristown,  111 

BarrisTille,  Mich 

Barrisville,  Mich 

Harrisville,  N.H 

Barrisville,  N.Y 

Barrisville,  0 

Harrisville,  O 

Barrisville,  Pa 

BarrisTille,  W.  Va. 

HarrisTille,  Utah 

Harrod,  0 

Barrodsburg,  Ky 

Harrodsburg,  Ky 

Harrold,  S.D 

Barshaw,  Ariz 

Bart,  Ala 

Hart,  Ga. 

Bart,  Ind 

Hart,  Mich 

Hart,  Mich 

Hart,  Minn 

Hart,  Mo 

Hart  Creek,  W.  Va 

Harter,  111 

Hartford,  Ark 

Hartford,  Conn 

Hartford,  Ga 

Hartford,  Ind 

Hartford,  Iowa 

Hartford,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat>town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

po0t-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post- Till 

township 

post-Till 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post- town 

ciTil-dist 

ciTil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-Till 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-Till 

po8t-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

poet-Till 


County. 


Cumberland..., 

Clare 

Macomb , 

Schoolcraft , 

Kandiyohi 

DaTiess , 

Grundy , 

Mercer 

Moniteau 

Scotland , 

Vernon .., 

Buffalo , 

Dundy ......... 

Gosper , 

Hall , 

Hayes , 

Lincoln 

Perkins 

Rock 

Sherman 

Sioux 

Gloucester 

Hudson 

Westchester.... 

Carroll. 

Champaign 

Darke 

GalUa 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Knox 

Licking 

Logan , 

Montgomery..., 
Muskingum...., 

Paulding , 

Perry , 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Ross 

Scioto , 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Potter , 

Hand 

Spink , 

Sully 

Charles  City 

Calumet 

Grant 

Lincoln.... 

Lincoln , 

Marathon 

Catahoula 

Bockingham.... 

Troup 

Monroe , 

Shelby 

Cass 


Weakley..., 

Obion 

Walsh 

Macon 

Alcona 

Alcona 

Cheshire..., 

Lew^is 

Harrison.... 

Medina 

Butler 

Ritchie 

Weber 

Allen 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Hughes 

Pima 

CoTington . 

Talbot 

Warrick.... 

Oceana 

Oceana. 

Winona„... 

Wright 

Lincoln 

Clay 

Sebastian... 
Hartford.... 

Pulaski 

Adams 

Iowa 

Lyon 


Population. 


1880.     1890 


1,168 
129 
744 


624 

756 

667 

1,268 

964 

1,804 

1,050 


2,841 
6,898 
1,494 
1,076 

973 
2,174 
1,426 
2,277 
1,850 
1,372 

723 
1,329 

978 
2,667 
1,245 

770 
1,562 
1,461 
2,663 
1,226 
1,325 
1,481 
1,172 
2,352 

978 
1,162 


1,987 
2,036 
1,090 


243 
2,831 
1,169 

741 
1,223 
1,113 

705 
1,739 


963 
1,400 
549 
870 
363 
318 
1,382 
386 
221 
682 


4,166 
2,202 


1,209 

2,166 

1,392 

464 

906 

1,097 

1,116 

2,878 

1,040 

42,561 

1,249 

1,103 

1,579 


1,071 

762 

695 

422 

666 

681 

634 

1,438 

949 

1,220 

1,093 

309 

232 

429 

671 

121 

114 

145 

267 

730 

111 

1,645 

8,338 

1,485 

915 

935 

1,996 

1,267 

2,391 

2,010 

1,349 

622 

1,224 

1,049 

2,665 

1,260 

2,252 

1,771 

1,618 

2,620 

1,087 

1,340 

1,531 

1,250 

4,685 

804 

1,784 

85 

16« 

65 

2,036 

1,987 

1,020 

467 

430 

926 

359 

2,792 

1,151 

683 

2,478 

1,645 

908 

1,304 

827 

797 

1,923 

987 

748 

617 

252 

1,618 

?400 

361 

715 

269 

2,172 

3,230 

167 

260 

633 

1,292 

2,073 

1,841 

757 

818 

1,430 

1,456 

2,987 

1,035 

63,230 

2,669 

1,276 

1,622 

441 


121 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hartford,  Ky 

Hartford,  Ky 

Hartford,  Me 

Hartfordj  Mich 

Hartford,  Mich 

Hartford,  Minn 

Hartford,  Mo 

Hartford,  N.Y 

Hartford,  0 

Hartford,  O 

Hartford,  0 

Hartford,  S.D 

Hartford,  S.D 

Hartford,  Vt 

Hartford,  Wis 

Hartford,  Wis 

Hartford  City,  Ind 

Hartford  City,  W.  Va... 

Hartland,  Conn 

Hartland.Ill 

Hartland,  Iowa 

Hartland,  Kan 

Hartland,  Kan 

Hartland,  Me 

Hartland,  Mich 

Hartland,  Minn 

Hartland,  N.Y 

Hartland,  0 

Hartland,  S.D 

Hartland,  Vt 

Hartland,  Wis 

Hartland,  Wis 

Hartland,  Wis 

Hartleton,  Pa 

Hartley,  Iowa 

Hartley,  Iowa 

Hartley,  Pa 

Hartman,  Tenn 

Hartsburg,  111 

Hartsel,  Col 

Hartsell's,  Ala 

Hartsell's,  Ala 

Hart's  Grove,  O 

Hartsook,  Kan 

Hartstown,  Pa 

Hartsugg,  Ark 

Hartsville,  Ind »... 

Hartsville,  N.Y 

Hartsville,  S.C 

Hartsville,  S.C 

Hartsville,  Tenn 

Hartsville,  Tenn 

Hartwell,  0 

Hartwick,  Mich 

Hartwick,  N.Y 

Hartwood,  Va 

Harvard,  Ga 

Harvard,  111 

Harvard,  Mass 

Harvard,  Neb 

Harvard,  Neb 

Harvel,Ill 

Harvel,  111 

Harvel,  Kan 

Harvel,  Kan 

Harvey,  Minn 

Harvey,  N.D 

Harvey,  N.D 

Harveysburg,  0 

Harviell,  Mo 

Harviell,  Mo 

Harwich,  Mass 

Harwinton,  Conn 

Harwood,  111 

Harwood,  Mo 

Harwood,  N.D 

Haskell,  Kan 

Haskell,  Tex 

Haskins,  O 

HaslettjN.C 

Hassan,  Minn 

Hastings,  &c..  Col 

Hastings,  Iowa , 

Hastings,  Mich 

Hastings,  Mich 

Hastings,  Minn 

Hastings,  Neb 

Hastings,  N.Y 

Hastings,  Pa 

Hastings  upon  Huds'n, 

N.Y 

Hatborongh,  Pa 

Hatchechnbbee,  Ala. ... 

Hatchie,  Tenn 

Hat  Creek,  Neb 

Hatfield,  Mass 

122 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

village 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

poBt-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

poet-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

raag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township  I 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

city 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 


County. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

Oxford 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Todd 

Pike 

Washington.... 

Licking 

Licking 

Trumbull 

Minnehaha 

Sully 

Windsor 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Blackford 

Mason 

Hartford.. 

McHenry 

Worth 

Kearney 

Kearney 

Somerset 

Livingston.^... 

Freeborn 

Niagara 

Huron 

Beadle 

Windsor 

Pierce ..... 

Shawano.  .„ 

Waukesha 

Union 

O'Brien 

O'Brien 

Union 

Hamblen 

Logan 

Park 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Ashtabula 

Ellis 

Crawford 

Van  Buren 

Bartholomew.. 

Steuben 

Darlington 

Darlington..-.. 

Trousdale 

Trousdale 

Hamilton  ...... 

Osceola 

Otsego 

Stafford 

Laurens 

McHenry 

Worcester 

Clay 

Clay 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery.. 

Cowley 

Smith 

Meeker  „ 

Cavalier 

Grand  Forks.. 

Warren 

Butler 

Butler. 

Barnstable .... 

Litchfield 

Champaign.... 

Vernon 

Cass. 

HaskelL 

Haskell 

Wood 

Gates 

Hennepin 

San  Miguel.... 

Mills 

Barry 

Barry 

Dakota 

Adams 


Cambria. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Westchester... 
Montgomery., 

Russell 

Madison 

Sioux 

Hampshire ... 


4,275 

624 

863 

2,308 

838 

634 

1,959 

1,760 

1,164 

349 

1,382 


2,954 

1,396 

1,343 

1,470 

667 

643 

1,054 

619 


1,047 
1,250 

699 
3,340 

954 


1,598 

1,215 

1,196 

287 

300 

104 


1,561 


226 
798 
439 
167 
399 
486 
1,015 
1,537 


1,966 

604 

,892 

239 

2,340 

1,703 

984 

1,607 

1,253 

1,384 

768 

670 


670 

1,431 

668 


539 


82 

3,266 

1,016 

869 


381 

1,103 

735 


440 
1,284 
2,531 
3,809 
2,817 
2,866 


1,290 

586 

1,709 


1,495 


6,342 

740 

689 

2,430 

1,044 

1,051 

1,882 

1,470 

1,089 

346 

1,170 

635 

101 

3,740 

1,339 

1,296 

2,287 

446 

565 

960 

606 

301 

193 

974 

1,049 

768 

2,843 

867 

74 

1,393 

1,201 

1,379 

486 

261 

902 

619 

1,712 

661 

269 

186 

2,192 

596 

650 

636 

160 

122 

474 

767 

1,913 

342 

1,720 

664 

1,507 

417 

1,894 

1,726 

1,182 

1,967 

1,096 

1,736 

1,076 

723 

246 

667 

721 

634 

448 

85 

402 

l;039 

111 

2,734 

943 

761 

240 

369 

249 

746 

321 

1,207 

740 

1,254 

.322 

1,187 

2,972 

3,706 

13,584 

2,364 

1,070 

1,466 
781 

1,669 
85 
192 

1,246 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hatfield,  Pa 

Hatmaker,  Tenn 

Hatteras,  N.C 

Uattiesburg,  Miss. 

HattoD,  Mich 

Hatwai,  Idaho 

Haughton,  La 

Haughville,  Ind 

Havana,  Ala 

Havana,  111 

Havana,  III 

Havana,  Minn 

Havana,  N.Y 

Havana,  S.D 

Havelock,  Minn 

Haven,  Kan 

Haven,  Minn 

Havensport,  0 

Haverford,  Pa. 

Haverhill,  Mass. 

Haverhill,  Minn„ 

Haverhill,  N.H 

Haverstraw,  N.Y 

Haverstraw,  N.Y 

Havre,  Ark 

Havre  de  Grace,  Md..... 

Havre  de  Grace,  Md 

Hawarden,  Iowa.._ 

Haw  Creek,  111 

Haw  Creek,  Ind 

Haw  Creek,  Mo 

Hawesville,  Ky 

Hawesville,  Ky 

Hawk  Creek,  Minn 

Hawkeye,  Kan 

Hawkin,  Ga 

Hawkins,  Ga _ 

Hawkinsville,  Ala. 

Hawkinsville,  Ga 

Hawkinsville,  Ga.„ 

Hawk  Spring,  Ala. 

Hawley,  Cal 

Hawley,  Mass 

Hawley,  Minn 

Hawley,  Minn „.... 

Hawley,  Neb » 

Hawley,  Pa 

Haw  Pond,  Gcl 

Haw  Ridge,  Ala 

Haw  River,  N.C 

Hawthorn,  111 

Hawthorn,  Va 

Hawthorne,  Ner 

Hawtree,  N.C 

Hay,  Ga 

Hay,  Miss 

Haycock,  Pa 

Haycraft,  Ky 

Hay  Creek,  Minn 

Hay  Creek,  N.D 

Hay  Creek,  Ore 

Hayden,  Col 

Hayden  Divide,  Col 

Hayes,  Iowa. 

Hayes,  Iowa 

Hayes,  Iowa 

Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kan „ 

Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kan ^ 

i\  Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Ky 

Hayes,  Ky 

Hayes,  Mich 

Hayes,  Mich 

Hayes,  Mich 

Hayes,  Minn 

Hayes,  Neb 

Hayes,  Neb 

Hayes  Centre,  Neb 

Hayesville,  N.C 

Hayesville,  N.C 

Hayesville,  0 

Hayfield,  Minn 

Hayfield.Pa 

Haynes,  Ala 

Haynes,  Ark 

Haynes,  Ky 

Haynes,  Mich 

Haynesville,  Kan 

Haynesville,  Me 

Hayneville,  Ala. 

Hayneville,  Ala. 

Hayneville,  Ga 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

poet- town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

village 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

beat 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Montgomery.. 

Campbell 

Dare 

Perry 

Clare 

Nez  Perces.... 

Bossier 

Marion 

Hale 

Mason 

Mason 

Steele 

Schuyler 

Deuel 

Chippewa 

Reno 

Sherburne 

Fairfield 

Delaware 

Essex 

Olmsted. 

Grafton 

Rockland 

Rockland 

Faulkner 

Harford 

Harford 

Sioux , 

Knox 

Bartholomew 

Morgan 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Renville 

Osborne 

Jones 

Putnam 

Barbour 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Jackson 

San  Bernardino 

Franklin 

Clay 

Clay 

Blaine 

Wayne 

Tatnall 

Coffee 

Alamance 

White 

Rappahannock 

Esmeralda 

Warren 

Newton 

Neshoba 

Bucks 

Hardin 

Groodhue 

Burleigh 

Crook 

Routt 

El  Paso 

Buena  Vista..... 
Crawford.... 

Ida 

Clay 

Dickinson.... 

Franklin 

McPherson.. 

Mitchell 

Reno 

Stafford 

Hickman..... 
McCracken.. 
Charlevoix.. 

Clare 

Otsego , 

Swift 

Custer 

Kearney.... 

Hayes , 

Clay 

Franklin..... 

Ashland 

Dodge 

Crawford.... 

Etowah 

Lee 

Graves 

Alcona 

Pratt 

Aroostook.... 

Lowndes 

Lowndes 

Houston 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,694 

1,062 

821 


70 
1,992 
3,204 
2,118 
861 
1,274 


164 

867 

290 

79 

1,488 

18,472 

704 

2,465 

6,973 

3,506 

792 

2,816 

2,816 


1,049 
2,620 
2,036 


872 

609 

554 

791 

1,071 

2,310 

3,844 

1,642 


692 

77 

"i",882 
""299 
T,942 


1,649 
2,136 
2,698 
1,332 
1,433 
929 


371 
662 
391 


654 
690 
609 
524 
664 
329 
1,460 
1,864 
467 
373 
101 
409 


428 


1,300 

2,548 

563 

600 

1,954 

435 


2,918 


532 

224 

2,152 


1,612 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hay  River,  Wis 

Hays,  Ky 

Hays,  Neb 

Hays,  Tenn 

Hays  City,  Kan 

Hay  Springs,  Neb 

Hay  Springs,  Neb 

Hays  Store,  Ala 

Haystack,  Ore 

Haystack,  Ore 

Haysville,  Ky 

Hayti,  S.D 

Haytokah,  Va 

Hayward,  Minn 

Hayward,  S.C 

Hayward,  "Wis 

Haywards,  Cal 

Haywood,  ic,  Ala 

Haywood,  Ark 

Haywood,  Ga 

Haywood,  Neb 

Haywood,  N.C 

Hazard,  Ky 

Hazard,  Neb 

Hazel,  Pa 

Hazel  Dell,  Iowa 

Hazel  Dell,  Ore 

Hazel  Green,  Ala. 

Hazel  Green,  Ky 

Hazel  Green,  Ky 

Hazel  Green,  Wis 

Hazel  Green,  Wis 

Hazel  Hill,  Mo 

Hazelhurst,  Wis 

Hazel  Run,  Minn 

Hazeltou,  Kan 

Hazelton,  Kan 

Hazelton,  Mich 

Hazelton,  Minn 

Hazelwood,  Mo 

Hazen,  Ark 

Hazen,  Ark 

Hazen,  6a. 

Hazle  Green,  Iowa 

Hazlehurst,  Ga 

Hazle  Patch,  Ky 

Hazleton,  Ind 

Hazleton,  Iowa 

Hazleton,  Pa. 

Hazlewood,  S.C 

Hazzard,  Ga 

Headland,  Ala 

Head  Quarters,  Ky 

Healdsburg,  Cal 

Healing  Springs,  Ark... 
Healing  Springs,  N.C... 

Heard,  Ala 

Heath,  Mass 

Heath,  Mich 

Heath,  Pa 

Heath  Creek,  Mo 

Heathsville,  Va 

Hebbardsville,  Ky 

Heber,  Utah 

Heber,  Utah 

Hebo,  Ore 

Hebron,  Col 

Hebron,  Conn 

Hebron,  Ga 

Hebron,  111 

Hebron,  Ind 

Hebron,  Me 

Hebron,  Mich 

Hebron,  Neb 

Hebron,  Neb 

Hebron,  N.H 

Hebron,  N.T 

Hebron,  O 

Hebron,  Pa 

Hebron,  S.C 

Hebron,  S.C 

Hebron,  Utah 

Hebron,  Wis 

Hecla,  Pa. 

Hector,  Minn 

Hector,  Minn 

Hector,  N.Y.., 

Hector,  Pa 

Hector  Creek,  N.C 

HedgesTille,  W.  Ya 

Hedgesville,  W.  Va 

Hedrick,  Iowa 

Heflin,  Ala. 

Heflin,  Ala 

Hegbert,  Minn 

Begins,  Pa 


Rank  of 
place. 


towaehip 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

village 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-tw]) 

poet-twp 


County. 


Dunn 

Clinton 

York 

Weakley , 

Ellis 

Sheridan 

Sheridan , 

Madison 

Crook , 

Grant 

Marion 

Hamlin 

Nottoway 

Freeborn 

Colleton. 

Sawyer ., 

Alameda 

Jackson 

Clay 

Chattooga 

Sheridan 

Chatham 

Perry 

Sherman 

Luzerne 

Pottawattamie 

Lane 

Madison 

Wolfe 

Wolfe 

Grant. 

Grant 

Johnson 

Oneida 

Yellow  Med 

Barber 

Barber 

Shiawassee 

Kittson 

Webster , 

Prairie , 

Prairie 

Columbia 

Delaware 

Appling , 

Laurel 

Gibson 

Buchanan 

Luzerne 

Chester 

Bibb 

Henry 

Nicholas 

Sonoma 

Cleburne... 

Davidson 

Perry 

Franklin._ 

Allegan 

Jefferson 

Pettis 

Northumberl'd 

Henderson 

Wasatch 

Wasatch 

Tillamook 

Larimer 

Tolland 

Washington 

McHenry 

Porter 

Oxford 

Cheboygan 

Thayer 

Thayer « 

Grafton 

Washington..... 

Licking 

Potter 

Marlborough..., 
Orangeburg..... 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland. 

Renville 

Renville 

Schuyler 

Potter 

Harnett 

Berkeley 

Berkeley 

Keokuk 

Cleburne.... 

Cleburne 

Swift 

Schuylkill ... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


340 
1 110 


872 
860 


148 
1,346 

'4,324 
659 

1,748 

ijijai 


182 
1,814 


10,547 

919 

46 


1,142 
132 

1,821 
598 

1,263 


117 


1,820 


1,232 
617 


807 
973 


618 

1,088 

6,935 

2,654 

1,023 

1,350 

2,601 

1,133 

797 

643 

517 

560 

815 

207 

1,273 

2,063 

2,280 

1,616 

1,291 


1,243 

1,072 

918 

715 

601 


1,132 
466 
329 

2,383 
489 
836 

2,829 
960 
110 

1,118 


394 
196 

5,025 
958 
732 

2,714 
383 


619 


336 
1,430 


486 

1,153 

857 

?900 

1,242 

685 

378 

1,510 

199 

290 

1,391 

157 

4,761 

735 

2,098 

1,349 

1,419 

1,299 

1,352 

619 

103 

195 

2,066 

364 

13,494 

1,092 

76 

2,158 

1,478 

218 

1,549 

426 

1,240 

355 

163 

696 

319 

1,801 

203 

1,271 

1,662 

458 

784 

1,185 

290 

258 

608 

1,128 

11,872 

2,530 

1,194 

1,980 

2,106 

1,485 

585 

743 

695 

503 

930 

236 

1,426 

1,990 

2,351 

1,929 

1,538 

159 

207 

1,039 

1,060 

1,167 

689 

600 

207 

2,266 

1,602 

245 

2,044 

415 

876 

3,001 

961 

79 

1,060 

610 

369 

354 

4,443 

1,180 

849 

2,904 

448 

592 

1,226 

383 

368 

1,896 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hegme,  Minn 

Hegton,  N.D 

Heidelberg,  Miss 

Heidelberg,  Pa 

Heidelberg,  Pa 

Heidelberg,  Pa 

Heidelberg,  Pa 

Height  of  Land,  Minn. 

Helen,  Minn 

Helena,  Ala 

Helena,  Ark. 

Helena,  Mich 

Helena,  Minn 

Helena,  Mont 

Helena,  Neb 

Helena,  N.D 

Helena,  S.C 

Helendale,  N.D 

Helenwood,  Tenn 

Helicon,  Ala 

Helix,  Ore 

Hellam,  Pa. 

Hellers,  S.C 

Hellertown,  Pa 

Hell  Gate,  Mont 

Hello,  Ga 

Hello,  Ga 

Helt,  Ind 

Helton,  Ala. 

Helton,  Ala 

Helton,  N.C 

Helvetia,  111 

Helvetia,  Wis 

Hemlock,  Pa 

Hempfleld,  Pa 

Hempfield,  Pa 

Hempstead,  N.Y 

Hempstead,  N.Y 

Hempstead,  Tex 

Hemptown,  Ga 

Heuden,  S.D 

Henderson,  Ga 

Henderson,  111 

Henderson,  111 

Henderson,  Iowa 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  Md.„ 

Henderson,  Mich 

Henderson,  Minn 

Henderson,  Minn 

Henderson,  Neb 

Henderson,  N.Y 

Henderson,  N.Y 

Henderson,  N.C 

Henderson,  N.C 

Henderson,  Pa 

Henderson,  Pa 

Henderson,  Tenn 

Henderson,  Tex 

Henderson  &  Cook,  Ga. 
Hendcrsonville,  N.C... 
Hendersonville,  N.C... 

Hendersonville,  S.C 

Hendersonville,  Tenn... 

Hendren,  Ky 

Hendrick,  &c.,  Ala 

Hendricks,  Col 

Hendricks,  Ind 

Hendricks,  Kan 

Hendricks,  Mich 

Hendricks,  Minn 

Hendricks,  Neb 

Hendrixville,  Ala. 

Hendrum,  Minn 

Henefer,  Utah 

Hennepin,  111 

Hennepin,  HI 

Henniker,  N.H 

Henniug,  Minn 

Henning,  Minn 

Henning,  Tenn 

Henrietta,  Mich 

Henrietta,  Mo 

Henrietta,  N.Y 

Henrietta,  N.D 

Henrietta,  O 

Henrietta,  Tex 

Henrietta,  Wis 

Henry,  111 

Henry,  111 

Henry,  Ind 

Henry,  Ind 

Henry,  Iowa 

Henry,  Iowa. ,.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

poBt-boro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

precinct 

district 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

townahip 


County. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Norman 

Grand  Forks, 

Jasper 

Berks 

Lebanon 

Lehigh 

York 

Becker 

McLeod 

Shelby 

Phillips 

Antrim 

Scott 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Johnson 

Griggs 

Newberry.... 

Richland. 

Scott 

Crenshaw.... 

Umatilla 

York , 

Newberry..., 
IA>rthampton... 

Missoula 

Morgan 

Warren 

Vermilion 

Baldwin 

Covington 

Ashe 

Madison 

Waupaca 

Columbia 

Mercer 

Westmoreland 

Queens 

Queens 

Waller 

Fannin 

Miner 

Houston 

Knox 

Knox 

Mills 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Lewis 

Caroline 

Wexford 

Sibley 

Sibley 

York 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Vance 

Vance 

Huntingdon.... 

Jefferson 

Chester 

Rusk , 

Jasper , 

Henderson 

Henderson , 

Colleton , 

Sumner 

Washington.... 

Blount , 

Fremont 

Shelby , 

Chautauqua 

Mackinac 

Lincoln 

Otoe 

De  Kalb 

Norman 

Summit 

Putnam 

Putnam , 

Merrimack 

Otter  Tall 

Otter  Tail 

Lauderdale 

Jackson 

Ray 

Monroe 

La  Moure 

Lorain 

Clay 

Richland 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Fulton ~. 

Henry 

Plymouth 

Van  Buren 

12S 


1,281 

2,408 

1,567 

916 


967 
1,397 
3,662 

391 
1,383 
3,624 

722 


B41 


1, 

2,400 
605 


522 

990 

3,027 


1,211 
3,359 

243 
1,080 
1,006 
6,286 
18,164 
2,521 
1,612 

424 


2,139 

1,454 

198 


10,100 
6,366 
910 
1,541 
194 
684 
964 


1,842 
407 

4,696 

1,421 
738 
872 
493 

1,656 
668 

2,561 
654 
263 
170 

1,342 


1,829 
860 
434 
218 
396 


267 

262 
1,734 

623 
1,326 

209 


148 
1,134 


2,243 
""894 


1,005 
2,168 
1,728 
1,889 
3,656 


690 


408 
191 

216 

1,440 

2,376 

1,437 

954 

218 

1,045 

1,307 

6,189 

637 

1,245 

13,834 

918 

83 

481 

102 

299 

1,130 

301 

2,164 

2,193 

708 

6,433 

686 

789 

3,474 

346 

534 

1,286 

3,162 

511 

946 

951 

9,948 

23,756 

4,831 

1,671 

483 

343 

1,336 

1,218 

163 

201 

13,194 

8,8.35 

943 

1,639 

1.38 

719 

909 

1,081 

1,688 

358 

6,062 

4,191 

630 

1,024 

1,069 

1,636 

571 

3,355 

1,216 

286 

215 

1,019 

1,767 

197 

1,790 

929 

282 

436 

634 

379 

884 

291 

1,417 

674 

1,386 

466 

254 

420 

1,146 

316 

2,156 

69 

81B 

2,100 

1,143 

1,865 

1,512 

2,374 

4,000 

450 

494 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Henry,  Kan 

Henry,  Mo 

Henry,  O 

Henry,  S.D 

Henry,  S.D 

Henry,  S.D 

Henry,  Va 

Henry,  Va 

Henry,  W.Va 

Henry  Clay,  Pa 

Henry  Clay  Fact'y,  Del. 

Henryellen,  Ala 

Henry  Island,  Wash.... 

Henry  Lake,  Idaho 

Henry's  Cr's  E'ds,  Tenn 

Henryville,  Minn 

Hensley,  111 

Hensley,  Ind 

Henson,  Ala 

Hepburn,  Iowa 

Hepburn,  Pa 

Hepler,  Kan 

Heppner,  Ore 

Heppiier,  Ore 

Herald  Prairie,  111 

Herdland,  Iowa 

Hereford,  Ore 

Hereford,  Pa 

Herington,  Kan 

Herkimer,  Kan 

Herkimer,  N.T 

Herman,  Minn 

Herman,  Minn 

Herman,  Neb 

Herman,  Neb 

Herman,  S.D 

Herman,  Wis 

Herman,  Wis 

Herman,  Wis 

Hermann,  Mo 

Hermann,  Ore 

Herniansville,  Mich 

Hermitage,  Col 

Hermitage,  Fla 

Hermon,  Me 

Hermon,  N.Y 

Hermon,  N.Y 

Hermosa,  N.M 

Hermosa,  S.D 

Hernando,  Miss 

Herndon,  Kan 

Herndon,  Va 

Heron  Lake,  Minn 

Heron  Lake,  Minn 

Herrick,  Pa 

Herrick,  Pa 

Herrick,  S.D 

Herring,  Ark 

Herrin's  Prairie,  111 

Herscher,  111 

Hersey,  Mich 

Hersey,  Mich 

Hersey,  Minn 

Hertford,  N.C 

Hertford,  N.C 

Hesler,  Ky 

Heaper,  Iowa 

Hesperia,  Mich 

Hess,  111 

Hess,  Kan 

Heth,  Ind 

Hetland,  S.D 

Hewett,Wis 

Heyworth,  111 

Hiawatha,  Kan 

Hiawatha,  Kan 

Hiawatha,  Mich 

Hibbard,  Kan 

Hibler,  S.C 

Hickey,  Ark 

Hickman,  Ark 

Hickman,  Ark 

Hickman,  Ky 

Hickman,  Ky 

Hickman,  Neb 

Hickman,  S.D 

Hickman,  Tenn 

Hickman's,  Ala 

Hickory,  Ark 

Hickory,  111 

Hickory,  111 

Hickory,  Kan 

Hickory,  Mo 

Hickory,  N.C 

Hickory,  N.C,_ 

Hickory,  Pa. 

124 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


mag. 
post 
post 
town 
post 


■dist 
vill 
■vill 
I  ship 
•vill 


post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Ottawa 

Vernon 

Wood 

Brown 

Codington 

Codington 

Hanover 

Sussex 

Clay 

Fayette 

New  Castle 

Jefferson 

San  Juan 

Bingham 

Sevier 

Eenville 

Champaign 

Johnson 

Lamar 

Page 

Lycoming 

Crawford 

Morrow 

Morrow 

White 

Clay 

Baker 

Berks 

Dickinson 

Marshall 

Herkimer 

Grant 

St.  Louis 

Washington 

Washington 

Lake 

Dodge 

Shawano 

Sheboygan 

Gasconade 

Lane 

Men(^minee 

Grand 

Hillsborough... 

Penobscot 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Sierra 

Custer „ 

De  Soto 

Rawlins 

Fairfax 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Susquehanna.... 

Deuel 

Yell 

Williamson 

Kankakee 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Nobles 

Perquimans 

Perquimans 

Owen 

Winneshiek 

Newaygo 

Union 

Gray 

Harrison„ 

Kingsbury^ 

Clark 

McLean 

Brown 

Brown 

Schoolcraft 

Kearney 

Edgefield 

Johnson 

Mississippi 

Scott 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Lancaster 

Marshall 

Smith 

Tuscaloosa 

Carroll 


Schuyler.. 

Butler 

Holt , 

Catawba... 
Catawba... 
Forest 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


364 
1,152 
1, 


6,341 

1,855 

804 

1,232 


1,134 
337 
765 

1,712 


857 
100 
895 
318 

1,983 

153 

61 

1,406 


3,693 

184 

293 

640. 

95 


1,641 

462 

2,133 

1,314 


232 


1,394 

1,634 

622 


683 


422 

.  226 

163 

935 

1,104 


779 
103 
778 
472 
199 
1,416 
661 


1,000 


1,729 


156 

560 

2,849 

1,375 

192 


1,783 
248 


3,005 
3,186 
1,264 


623 
1,020 


580 

431 

988 

3,071 

831 


382 

1,317 

4,496 

366 

695 

194 

6,417 

2,073 

1,091 

1,311 

829 

469 

13 

61 

1,300 

644 

642 

1,665 

467 

75 

769 

269 

1,387 

675 

2,342 

494 

208 

1,367 

1,353 

693 

4,666 

322 

492 

827 

319 

271 

1,478 

853 

1,998 

1,410 

83 

662 

27 

243 

1,282 

1,521 

473 

206 

172 

602 

644 

795 

491 

496 

813 

721 

488 

349 

793 

224 

908 

328 

282 

1,499 

733 

893 

849 

606 

3,191 

334 

1,775 

744 

151 

666 

1,601 

2,486 

1,382 

158 

2,027 

412 

398 

3,939 

3,803 

1,652 

341 

464 

229 

994 

1,372 

396 

541 

552 

906 

4,531 

2,023 

1,099 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hickory,  Pa 

Hickory,  Pa 

Hickory  Flat,  Ala 

Hickory  Flat,  Ga 

Hickory  Flat,  La _.. 

Hickory  Flat,  Miss 

Hickory  Grove,  Ga 

Hickory  Grove,  Ind 

Hickory  Grove,  Iowa... 
Hickory  Grove,  Iowa... 

Hickory  Grove,  Ky 

Hickory  Grove,  Mo 

Hickory  Grove,  Tenn... 

Hickory  Grove,  Wis 

Hickory  Head,  Ga 

Hickory  Hill,  Ala. 

Hickory  Hill,  HI 

Hickory  Mountain,N.C. 
Hickory  Plains,  Ark.... 

Hickory  Point,  111 

Hickory  Ridge,  Ark 

Hickory  Valley,  Tenn.. 

Hicksford,  Va 

Hickstown,  Fla.„ 

Hicksvllle,  O 

Hicksville,  O 

Hico,  Ala. 

Hico,  Ark „.. 

Hico,  Tex 

Hidalgo,  Tex 

Hidewood,  S.D 

Higbee,  Col 

Higbee,  Mo 

Higdem,  Minn............ 

Higgins,  Ark 

Higgius,  Mich 

Higgins,  N.C 

Higginson,  Ark 

Higginsport,  0 

Higginsville,  Mo......... 

Higgsville,  Ga 

High  Bridge,  N.J 

High  Falls,  N.Y 

High  Forest,  Minn 

High  Forest,  Minn 

Highgate,  Vt 

High  Grove,  Ky 

High  Hill,  Ala 

High  Hill,  Ga 

High  Hill,  S.C 

High  Lake,  Iowa 

Highland,  Ala. 

Highland,  Ark 

Highland,  Cal 

Highland,  Fla 

Highland,  111 

Highland,  111 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Iowa. 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa. 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Ky 

Highland,  Ky 

Highland,  Mich 

Highland,  Mich 

Highland,  Minn 

Highland,  Mo 

Highland,  Mo 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb „.. 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-prect 

mil. -dist 

ward 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

mlL-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

poit-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Lawrence 

Mercer 

Chambers 

Cherokee 

Calcasieu 

Benton 

Houston 

Benton 

Jasper 

Scott 

Graves 

Warren 

Gibson 

Grant 

Brooks..- 

Lowndes 

Wayne 

Chatham 

Prairie 

Macon 

Phillips 

Hardeman 

Greensville 

Madison 

Defiance 

Defiance 

Fayette 

Benton 

Hamilton 

Hidalgo 

Deuel 

Otero 

Randolph 

Polk 

Conway 

Roscommon 

McDowell 

White 

Brown 

Lafayette 

Twiggs 

Hunterdon...... 

Ulster 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Franklin 

Nelson 

Walker 

Wilkinson 

Darlington 

Emmet 

Shelby 

Sharp 

San  Bernardino 

Clay 

Grundy 

Madison 

Franklin 

Greene 

Montgomery.... 

Vermilion 

Clayton 

Greene 

Guthrie 

O'Brien 

Palo  Alto 

Tama 

Union 

Wapello 

Washington 

Winneshiek 

Clay 

Doniphan 

Harvey 

Jewell 

Lincoln 

Morris 

Norton 

Washington 

Campbell 

Lincoln 

Oakland 

Osceola 

Wabasha 

Lewis 

Oregon 

Adams 

Gage 

Garfield 

Gosper 

Hayes 

Lancaster 

Madison 

Nuckolls 

Perkins 

Scott's  Bluff..... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,002 
5,926 
2,056 
1,159 
1,795 


1,194 
807 
747 

1,261 


2,140 

1,102 

771 

*"989 

1,017 
1,955 
1,461 
1,205 
1,188 
78 
3,114 


2,381 

1,212 

581 

1,070 


269 


347 

200 
428 
687 
406 


762 

797 

1,104 

2,209 

671 

962 

180 

2,088 

753 


1,079 

1,654 

319 

494 


1,042 
1,969 
1,826 
1,219 


2,433 
847 
237 
608 
387 
289 
703 
640 
963 
866 
782 
622 
441 
638 
658 
250 
469 


841 
1,541 
1,414 

198 

858 
1,600 

268 


592 


622 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Highland,  N.T 

Highland,  N.T 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  0 

Highland,  0 

Highland,  Ore 

Highland,  Pa „.. 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  S.C 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  Wash 

Highland,  Wash 

Highland,  Wis 

Highland,  Wis 

Highland  Falls,  N.Y.... 
Highland  Grove,  Minn. 

Highland  Park,  111 

Highlands,  &c.,  Ck>l 

Highlands,  Col 

Highlands,  Del 

Highlands,  N.C 

Highlands,  N.C 

High  Market,  N.T 

Highnjore,  S.D 

Highmore,  S.D 

High  Point,  Iowa 

High  Point,  Kan 

High  Point,  N.C 

High  Prairie,  Kan 

High  Prairie,  Mo 

High  Ridge,  Neb 

High  Shoal,  N.C 

High  Shoals,  Ga 

High  Shoals,  Ga 

High  Shoals,  Ga 

High  Spire,  Pa 

High  Tower,  Ga 

High  Tower,  Ga 

Higlitowers,  N.C 

Hightstown,  N.J 

HiglnvHssie,  Va 

Highwater,  Minn 

Higley,  Fla 

Hilburn,  Ark 

Hilde,  S.D 

Hildreth,  Neb 

Hilgard,  Ore 

Hilgard,  Ore 

Hill,  Ala 

Hill,  Ark 

Hill,  Ark 

Hill,  Ga 

Hill,  Kan 

Hill,  Mich 

Hill,  Mo 

Hill,  Neb 

Hill,  N.H 

Hill,  N.C 

Hill,  N.D 

Hill  City,  Kan 

Hill  City,  S.D 

Hill  City,  Tenn 

Hillennan,  111 

Hilliar,0 

Hilliard,  Col 

Hilliards,  0 

Hillnian,  Mich 

Hill  River,  Minn 

Hillsboroiigh,  Ala 

Hillsborough,  Col 

Hillsborough,  Ga 

Hillsborough,  Ga 

Hillsborough,  111 

Hillslwrough,  Kan 

Hillsborough,  Ky 

Hillsborough,  Ky 

Hillsborough,  Md 

Hillsborough,  Md 

Hillglxirough,  Miss 

Hillsborough,  Mo 

Hillsborough,  N.H 

Hillsborough,  N.J 

Hillsborough,  N.M 

Hillsborough,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

village 

post  town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

poit-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

jioat-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Orange 

Sullivan. 

Cass 

Morton 

Sargent 

Steele 

Defiance 

Muskingum.... 

Clackamas 

Adams 

Chester 

Clarion 

Danphin 

Elk 

Luzerne 

Greenville 

Brul6 

Day — 

Hand 

Lincoln 

Minnehaha 

Walworth 

Klickitat 

Snohomish 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Orange 

Clay 

Lake 

Arapahoe 

Arapahoe 

New  Castle 

Macon 

Macon 

Lewis 

Hvde 

Hyde 

Decatur 

Ness , 

Guilford 

Leavenworth.. 

Webster 

Hayes 

Rutherford 

Dawson 

Oconee 

Walton 

Dauphin 

Forsyth 

Lumpkin 

Caswell 

Mercer. 

Pulaski 

Cottonwood.... 

Lake 

Madison 

Walworth 

Franklin 

Union 

Union 

Marengo 

Johnson 

Pulaski 

Baldwin 

Graham 

Ogemaw 

Carroll 

Knox.. 

Merrimack...... 

Montgomery... 

Cass 

Graham 

Pennington.... 

Hamilton 

Massac 

Knox 

Larimer 

Franklin 

Montmorency. 

Polk 

Lawrence 

Weld 

Jasper. 

Jasper 

Montgomery... 

Marion 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Scott 

Jefferson , 

Hillsborough... 

Somerset 

Sierra 

Orange 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,404 
1,013 


1,226 
953 


524 
896 
698 
289 
261 
571 
1,836 


2,436 

668 

1,976 


1,164 


436 

82 

941 


815 

670 

2,060 

1,238 

908 


1,164 
225 
560 


752 
1,203 

400 
1,555 
1,355 
2,333 

407 


1,408 


1,045 
539 


667 
667 


971 
1,141 


400 


2,367 
"  "491 


2,858 
133 

2,210 
194 

2,105 
264 


1,646 
3,248 


4,096 


4,099 

979 

299 

63 

343 

92 

1,445 

795 

402 

483 

910 

624 

845 

849 

657 

2,259 

190 

237 

109 

565 

321 

203 

207 

150 

2,328 

751 

2,237 

523 

2,163 

6,623 

5,161 

325 

788 

233 

723 

514 

435 

766 

399 

3,481 

1,286 

1,026 

104 

2,094 

214 

1,136 

210 

971 

938 

254 

1,639 

1,875 

2,605 

511 

161 

1,325 

95 

141 

988 

429 

1,745 

406 

3,536 

1,276 

875 

47 

686 

366 

648 

878 

210 

645 

479 

1,763 

1,545 

1,296 

166 

338 

635 

416 

2,505 

466 

766 

166 

2,691 

555 

2,056 

•Jl2 

2,036 

174 

112 

264 

2,120 

2,826 

621 

4,160 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hillsborough,  N.C 

Hillsborough,  N.D 

Hillst)orough,  N.D 

Hillsborough,  O 

Hillsborough,  Ore 

Hillsborough,  S.C 

Hillsborough,  Tex 

Hillsborough,  W.  Va... 

Hillsborough,  Wis 

Hillsborough,  Wis 

Hillsdale,  Iowa 

Hillsdale,  Mich 

Hillsdale,  Mich 

Hillsdale,  Minn 

Hillsdale,  Mont 

Hillsdale.  N.Y 

Hillsdale,  Utah 

Hill's  Grove,  Pa. 

Hillside,  Col 

Hillside,  Neb 

Hillside,  S.D 

Hill  Top,  Md 

Hilltown,Pa 

Hillville,  Md 

Hillyard,Ill 

Hilton,  Ala 

Hilton,  Iowa 

Hilton,  N.M 

Hilton  Head,  S.C 

Hinckley,  111 

Hinckley,  Minn 

Hinckley,  Minn 

Hinckley,  0 

Hindasetukee,  Alaska.. 

Hinesborough,  III 

Hinesburg,  Vt 

Hineston,  La 

Hingham,  Mass 

Hinman,  Neb 

Hinsdale,  111 

Hinsdale,  Mass 

Hinsdale,  N.H 

Hinsdale,  N.Y 

Hinton,  Mich 

Hinton,  W.Va 

Hiram,  Ga > 

Hiram,  Me 

Hiram,  0 

Hire,  III 

Hiseville,  Ky 

Hiseville,  Ky 

Hitesville,  Ky 

Hittle,  111 

Hiwassee,  N.C 

Hixon,  Wis 

Hixson,  Ark 

Hixtoii,  Wis 

Hoaglin,  0 

Hoard,  Wis 

Hobart,  Ind 

Hobart,  Ind 

Hobart,  Kan 

Hobart,  Minn 

Hobart,  N.Y 

Hobart,  N.D 

Hoboken,  Ala 

Hobokeu,  N.J 

Hockessin,  Del 

Hocking,  0 

Hockley,  Tex 

Hodgdou,  Me 

Hodgensville,  Ky 

Hodges,  Minn 

Hodges,  S.C 

Hoff,  Minn 

Hoffmingfeld,  S.D 

Hogan,  Ala 

Hogan,  Ark 

Hogan,  Ind 

Hogan,  Ky 

Hogan,  Mont 

Hogansville,  Ga 

Hogansville,  Ga 

Hogback,  N.C 

Hoggins,  Ky 

Hog  Mountain,  Ga 

Hog  Wallow,  Ga 

Hohokus,  N.J 

HoisiDgton,  Kan 

Hokah,  Minn 

Hokah,  Minn 

Hokeudauqua,  Pa 

Hokes  Bluif,  Ala 

Holabird,  S.D 

Holbrook,  Ariz 

Holbrook,  Mass. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

poet-prect 

township 

city 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

district 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-prect 

township 

poet-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-ward 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 


County. 


Orange 

Traill 

Tniill 

Highland 

Washington... 

Marion 

Hill 

Pocahontas.... 

Vernon. 

Vernon 

Mills 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Winona 

Gallatin 

Columbia 

Garfield 

Sullivan 

Fremont 

Dawson 

Edmunds 

Charles 

Bucks 

Saint  Mary's.. 

Macoupin 

Covington 

Iowa 

Donna  Ana.... 

Beaufort 

De  Kalb 

Pine 

Pine 

Medina 


Douglas 

Chittenden 

Rapides 

Plymouth 

Lincoln 

Du  Page 

Berkshire 

Cheshire 

Cattaraugus.. .. 

Mecosta 

Summers 

Paulding 

Oxford 

Portage 

McDonougb.... 

Barren 

Barren 

Union 

Tazewell 

Clay 

Clark 

Stone 

Jackson 

Van  Wert 

Clark 

Lake 

Lake 

Rooks 

Otter  Tail 

Delaware 

Barnes 

Marengo 

Hudson 

New  Castle 

Fairfield 

Harris 

Aroostook 

La  Rue 

Stevens 

Abbeville 

Pope 

Campbell 

Walker 

Franklin 

Dearborn 

Logan 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Troup 

Troup 

Transylvania... 

Gallatin 

Gwinnett 

Tatnall 

Bergen  

Barton 

Houston 

Houston 

Lehigh 

Etowah 

Hyde 

Apache 

Norfolk 

125 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


781 


3,234 

886 

2,269 


1,218 
195 
241 
639 

3,441 
584 


1,939 
179 
486 


1,733 
3,152 
2,184 
1,123 
259 
860 


2,613 
368 
142 


962 


97 
1,330 
1,333 

4,485 


819 

1,595 

1,868 

1,594 

986 

879 


1,452 

1,058 

1,296 

2,207 

166 

1,047 

921 

415 

500 

201 

1,363 

1,180 


1,650 
600 
301 
246 
390 


528 
30,999 


2,412 
308 

1,089 
382 
306 
271 
283 


1,201 

912 

2,069 


2,054 

400 

309 

1,070 

1,280 


2,920 


616 

961 


2,130 


910 

716 

3,620 

1,652 

2,705 

2,641 

166 

1,639 

461 

193 

455 

3,915 

549 

136 

1,554 

333 

806 

149 

252 

62 

1,480 

3,032 

1,970 

1,020 

534 

714 

52 

2,369 

496 

173 

618 

878 

143 

288 

1,205 

1,265 

4,564 

137 

1,584 

1,739 

2,258 

1,312 

1,152 

2,570 

931 

1,063 

1,130 

1,148 

2,172 

194 

1,061 

943 

680 

578 

351 

696 

1,834 

310 

2,197 

1,010 

203 

44» 

561 

263 

770 

43,648 

361 

2,372 

296 

1,113 

542 

165 

256 

417 

252 

1,799 

1,524 

731 

2,341 

127 

2,469 

518 

462 

671 

781 

662 

2,373 

446 

867 

682 

963 

1,246 

127 

20« 

2,474 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Holcomb  Island,  Mo.... 
Holcomb  Valley, Cal.... 

Holden,  Me 

Holden,  Mass 

Holden,  Minn 

Holden,  Mo 

Holden,  S.D 

Holden,  Utah 

Holdenville,  Ac,  Col.... 

Holderness,  N.H 

Holding,  Minn 

Holdrege,  Keb 

Holgate,  0 

Holikitsak,  Alaska 

Holla  Bend,  Ark.., 

Holland,  Ark 

Holland,  111 

Holland,  Iowa 

Holland,  Kan 

Holland,  Mass 

Holland,  Mich 

Holland,  Mich 

Holland,  Minn 

Holland,  N.J 

Holland,  N.Y 

Holland,  N.Y 

Holland,  Tex 

Holland,  Vt 

Holland,  Wis 

Holland,  Wis 

Holland,  Wis 

Holland  Patent, N.Y... . 

Hollen,  Ky 

Hollenback,  Pa 

Hollenberg,  Kan 

Holley,  Ala 

Holley,  N.Y 

Holliday,  Mo 

Hollidaysburg,  Pa 

Hollingsworth,  Ala 

Hollingsworth,  N.C 

HoUins,  Ala 

HoUins,  Ala 

HoUis,  111 

Hollis,  Me 

Hollis,  N.H 

Hollister,  Cal 

Hollister,  Cal 

Holliston,  Mass 

HoUoday  Creek,  Miss... 

Hollonville,  Ga 

Hollow,  N.C 

Hollow  Creek,  S.C 

Hollow  Poplar,  N.C 

Hollow  Square,  Ala..... 

Hollo  way's,  N.C 

Holly,  Ark 

Holly,  Col 

Holly,  Ky 

Holly,  Mich 

Holly,  Mich 

Holly,  Minn 

Holly,  N.C 

Holly,  W.  Va 

Holly,  W.Va 

Holly  Beach,  N. J 

Holly  Creek,  Ark 

Holly  Grove,  Ala 

Holly  Grove,  Ark 

Holly  Grove,  N.C 

Holly  Hill,  S.C 

Holly  Neck,  Va 

Holly  Springs,  Ala 

Holly  Springs,  Ala 

Holly  Springs,  Ark 

Holly  Springs,  Miss 

Holly  Springs,  N.C 

Holly  Springs,  N.C 

Holly  Tree,  Ala 

Hollywood,  Ark 

Hollywood,  Minn 

Hollywood,  Pa 

Holman,  Iowa 

Holmdel,  N.J 

Holmes,  Mich 

Holmes,  Mich 

Holmes,  Neb 

Holmes,  O 

Holmes  City,  Minn 

Holmes  Gap,  Ala 

Holmesville,  Minn 

Holmwood,  Kan 

Holstein,  Iowa 

Holstein,  Neb 

Holston,  Va 

Holt,  Iowa 

126 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

beat 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-towu 

post-twp 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 


County. 


Dunklin 

San  Bernardino 

Penobscot 

Worcester 

Croodhue 

Johnson 

Hand 

Millard 

Arapahoe... . 

Grafton 

Stearns 

Phelps 

Henry , 


Pope , 

Saline 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Dickinson 

Hampden 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Kandiyohi 

Hunterdon 

Erie 

Erie 

Bell 

Orleans 

Brown 

La  Crosse 

Sheboygan  

Oneida 

Breathitt 

Luzerne 

Washington.... 

Coffee 

Orleans 

Monroe 

Blair 

Calhoun 

Montgomery... 

Clay 

Clay 

Peoria 

York 

Hillsborough... 

San  Benito 

San  Benito 

Middlesex 

Covington 

Pike 

Bladen 

Lexington 

Mitchell 

Hale 

Person 

VanBuren 

Prowers 

Wolfe 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Murray 

Pender 

Braxton 

Webster 

Cape  May 

Howard 

Walker 

Monroe 

Gates 

Berkeley 

Nansemond 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Dallas 

Marshall 

Wake 

Wake 

Jackson 

Clark 

Carver 

Luzerne 

Osceola 

Monmouth 

Mackinac 

Menominee 

Dawson 

Crawford 

Douglas 

Cullman 

Becker 

Jewell 

Ida 

Adams 

Washington.... 
Taylor 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


828 


717 
2,499 
1,183 
2,014 


355 


703 
603 


695 


831 

254 

1,460 

1,028 

367 

302 

3,064 

2,620 


1, 
1,720 


913 
1,448 

874 
3,012 

401 


736 


1,018 
115 

3,150 
811 
495 


1,160 

1,642 

1,077 

3,206 

1,034 

3,098 

974 

1,467 

1,313 

1,264 

•749 

2,912 

1,653 

95 


379 
2,393 
1,443 

255 
1,189 
2,140 

697 


161 
1,641 


6,161 
649 


807 
2,370 


138 
900 
260 
831 
1,575 
910 
158 


1,660 
582 
659 


2,557 
968 


1,446 

20 

609 

2,623 

1,005 

2,520 

24<J 

363 

2,295 

595 

1,021 

2,601 

1,134 

114 

1,111 

490 

1,724 

2,208 

461 

201 

3,086 

3,946 

136 

1,704 

1,595 

582 

368 

878 

1,249 

1,009 

2,874 

406 

867 

724 

166 

373 

1,381 

264 

2,975 

971 

915 

873 

422 

1,266 

1,278 

1,000 

2,700 

1,234 

2,619 

1,608 

1,282 

1,148 

1,571 

921 

2,973 

1,734 

251 

192 

710 

2,120 

1,266 

258 

1,232 

2,450 

813 

217 

638 

719 

363 

1,802 

814 

8,759 

651 

161 

753 

2,246 

1,733 

218 

651 

103 

1,042 

598 

1,807 

1,479 

1,030 

376 

182 

1,423 

746 

842 

141 

628 

639 

118 

2,485 

811 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Holt,  Minn 

Holt,  Minn 

Holt,  Mo... 

Holt,  Neb 

Holt,  Neb 

Holton,  Kan 

Holton,  Mich 

Holton,  Wis 

Holy  Cross,  Minn.... 

Holyoke,  Col 

Holyoke,  .Mass 

Homan,  Ark 

Homan,  Col 

Home,  Col 

Home,  Kan 

Home,  Kan 

Home,  Mich 

Home,  Mich 

Home,  Minn 

Home  City,  0 

Home  Lake,  Minn... 

Homer,  Cal 

Homer,  Ga 

Homer,  111 

Homer,  111 

Homer,  Iowa 

Homer,  Iowa. 

Homer,  La. 

Homer,  Mich 

Homer,  Mich 

Homer,  Mich 

Homer,  Minn 

Homer,  Mo ^... 

Homer,  Neb.„ 

Homer,  N.Y 

Homer,  0 

Homer,  0 

Homer,  Pa 

Homer,  S.D 

Homer  City,  Pa 

Homerville,  Ga 

Homestead,  Cal 

Homestead,  Kan 

Homestead,  Mich 

Homestead,  Minn.... 

Homestead,  Pa 

Homewood,  Kan 

Homosassa,  Fla 

Honcut,  Cal 

Honea  Path,  S.C 

Honea  Path,  S.C 

Honeoye  Falls,  N.Y.. 

Honesdale,  Pa 

Honey  Brook,  Pa , 

Honey  Brook,  Pa , 

Honey  Comb,  Ala..... 

Honey  Creek,  Ga , 

Honey  Creek,  111 

Honey  Creek,  111 , 

Honey  Creek,  Ind.... 
Honey  Creek,  Ind...., 

Honey  Creek,  Ind 

Honey  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Honey  Creek,  Iowa.. 

Honey  Creek,  Mo , 

Honey  Creek,  Wis..... 

Honey  Cut,  Ala 

Honeycutt,  N.C 

Honey  Grove,  Tex.... 

Honey  Point,  111 

Honner,  Minn , 

Honnerstown,  Pa..... 

Honoraville,  Ala 

Hoochinoo,  Alaska... 

Hood,  Ala 

Hood  Fork,  Ky 

Hood  Fork,  Ky 

Hood  River,  Ore , 

Hood  River,  Ore 

Hooker,  Mo 

Hooker,  Neb 

Hooker,  Neb 

Hookerton,  N.C 

Hookerton,  N.C 

Hookset,  N.H 

Hookstown,  Pa 

Hoonah,  Alaska 

Hooper,  Neb 

Hooper,  Neb 

Hooper,  Utah 

Hooper,  Utah 

Hooper  Creek,  N.C... 
Hooper  Island,  Md... 

Hoopeston,  III 

Hooaick,  N.Y 

Hoosick  Falls,  N.Y... 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-Till 

township 

poet-tvrp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poet-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

poet-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

poet-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

village 

post-prect 

village 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

village 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

district 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 


County. 


Fillmore 

Marshall 

Clay 

Gage 

Keya  Paha... 

Jackson 

Muskegon.... 

Marathon 

Clay 

Phillips 

Hampden 

MUler 

Eagle 

Larimer 

Marshall 

Nemaha 

Montcalm 

Newaygo 

Brown 

Hamilton 

Norman 

Mono 

Banks 

Champaign... 

Will 

Benton 

Buchanan 

Claiborne 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Midland 

Winona 

Bates 

Dakota. 

Cortland 

Medina 

Morgan 

Potter... 

Day 

Indiana 

Clinch 

San  Joaquin. 

Barton 

B«nzie 

Otter  Tail 

Alleghany.... 

Franklin 

Citrus 

Butte 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Monroe 

Wayne 

Chester , 

Chester 

Marshall 

Rockdale 

Adams 

Crawford 

Howard , 

Vigo 

White 

Delaware 

Iowa. 

Henry 

Sauk 

Macon 

Sampson 

Fannin 

Macoupin 

Redwood 

Cambria 

Crenshaw 


Blount....... 

Johnson 

Lawrence... 

Wasco 

Wasco 

Laclede 

Dixon 

Gage 

Greene 

Greene 

Merrimack.. 
Beaver 


Dodge 

Dodge 

Davis 

Weber 

Henderson.. 
Dorchester.. 
Vermilion... 
Rensselaer. 
Rensselaer.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


162 
277 


892 
490 


21,915 
1,122 


963 
1,982 


1,060 
422 


360 
883 
924 

1,233 
843 
867 
718 

1, 
893 
601 
860 
842 


3,691 
863 

1,693 
189 


381 
607 
367 
650 
208 
39 
692 


2,320 

228 

1,098 

2,620 

1,849 

470 

391 

1,190 

1,412 

2,264 

1,110 

1,455 

904 

976 

1,078 

480 

1,248 

1,246 

1,691 

884 

942 

96 


1,015 

1,131 

364 


889 


179 
1,470 

179 
1,766 


204 

332 

849 

956 

947 

1,272 

7,914 

4,630 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hoosier,  111 

Hoosier,  Kan 

Hootenville,  Ga 

Hoover,  Neb 

Hop  Bottom,  Pa. 

Hope,  Ark 

Hope,  111 

Hope,  Ind 

Hope,  Kan 

Hope,  Kan 

Hope,  Me 

Hope,  Mich 

Hope,  Mich 

Hope,  Minn 

Hope,  N.J 

Hope,  N.Y 

Hope,  N.D 

Hope,  N.D 

Hope,  N.D 

Hope,  N.D 

Hope,  S.C 

Hopedale,  III 

Hopedale,  111 

Hopedale,  Mass 

Hopedale,  0 

Hopeful,  Ga 

Hope  Mills,  N.C 

Hopewell,  Ala 

Hopewell,  111 

Hopewell,  Neb 

Hopewell,  N.J 

Hopewell,  N.J 

Hopewell,  N.Y 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  O 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  S.C 

Hopewell,  S.C 

Hopkins,  111 

Hopkins,  Mich 

Hopkins,  Mo 

Hopkins,  Mo 

Hopkinsville,  Ky 

Hopkinsville,  Ky 

Hopkinton,  Iowa. 

Hopkinton,  Mass 

Hopkinton,  N.H 

Hopkinton,  N.Y 

Hopkinton,  R.I 

Hopper,  8.D 

Hoppers,  Ala 

Hoquarton,  Ore 

Hoquiam,  Wash 

Horace,  Kan 

Horeb,  Ga 

Horeb,  Ore 

Horlcon,  N.Y 

Horicon,  Wis 

Horubeak,  Tenn 

Hornby,  N.Y 

Hornellsville,  N.Y 

Hornellsville,  N.Y 

Horn  Island,  Miss 

Hornitos,  Cal 

Horr,  Mont 

Horse  Cave,  Ky 

Horse  Cave,  Ky 

Horse  Creek,  Ala 

Horse  Creek,  N.C 

Horsehead,  Ark 

Horseheads,  N.Y 

Horseheads,  N.Y 

Horse  Lick,  Ky , 

Horse  Pasture,  Va 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  &c. 

Idaho , 

Horse  Stamp,  Ga , 

Horsham,  Pa 

Hortense,  Ga , 

Ilorton,  Iowa 

Horton,  Kan 

Horton,  Mich 

Ilorton,  Minn 

Hortjti,  Pa 

Hortonia,  Wis 

Hortonville,  Wis 

Hoschton,  Ga 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

po8t-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

village 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Clay 

Kingman 

Upson 

Dundy 

Susquehanna... 

Hempstead 

La  Salle 

Bartholomew... 

Dickinson 

Dickinson 

Knox 

Barry 

Midland 

Lincoln 

Warren 

Hamilton 

Cavalier 

Ramsey 

Steele 

Steele 

Williamsburg... 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Worcester 

Harrison 

Fayette 

Cumberland 

Lowndes 

Marshall 

Hayes 

Cumberland 

Mercer 

Ontario 

Licking 

Mercer 

Muskingum 

Perry 

Seneca 

Beaver 

Bedford 

Chester 

Cumberland 

Huntingdon 

Washington 

York 

Aiken 

Anderson 

Whiteside 

Allegan 

Nodaway 

Nodaway 

Christian 

Christian 

Delaware 

Middlesex 

Merrimack 

Saint  Lawrence 
Washington, 

Aurora 

Etowah , 

Tillamook.... 

Chehalis 

Greeley 

Jasper. 

Marion 

Warren 

Dodge 

Obion , 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Jackson 

Mariposa.... 

Park 

Hart 

Hart 

Marengo 

Ashe , 

Johnson 

Chemung.... 
Chemung.... 

Jackson 

Henry 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Boi86 

Camden 

Montgomery., 

Wayne 

Osceola , 

Brown 

Ogemaw , 

Stevens 

Elk 

Outagamie 

Outagamie..... 
Jackson 


1,136 

379 

1,062 


1,233 

1,235 

836 

647 


830 
1,302 

455 

169 
1,569 

651 


2,326 

1,354 

262 


414 
591 


1,172 
705 


1,764 
4,462 
1,894 
1,062 
1,185 
1,674 
1,284 
1,632 
1,082 
1,404 

216 
1,069 

579 

798 
3,773 

375 
1,546 
1,308 

1,883 
920 
7,150 
4,229 
645 
4,601 
1,836 
1,922 
2,952 


607 
299 


619 


1,633 
1,250 
1,121 
1,209 
9,852 
8,195 


350 


3,245 

526 

673 

1,237 

1,240 

3,449 

1,684 

745 

4,975 


596 

1,315 

383 

86 


212 


1,193 
311 


1,214 

396 

894 

141 

299 

1,937 

1,054 

1,009 

1,276 

632 

641 

1,214 

655 

382 

1,332 

560 

842 

42 

334 

238 

2,719 

1,409 

471 

1,176 

424 

631 

773 

709 

624 

279 

1,743 

4,338 

1,655 

891 

1,414 

1,579 

1,238 

1,474 

1,447 

1,356 

213 

1,027 

611 

788 

1,540 

734 

2,018 

1,115 

1,821 

1,827 

846 

9,112 

5,838 

668 

4,088 

1,817 

1,832 

2,864 

268 

290 

911 

1,302 

160 

667 

524 

1,582 

1,354 

1,325 

1,011 

1,939 

10,996 

8 

276 

232 

1,917 

598 

787 

1,626 

1,021 

3,482 

1,716 

718 

4,924 

644 

708 

1,239 

427 

198 

3,316 

224 

181 

2,204 

1,307 

440 

1,203 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hoechton,  Ga 

Hosmer,  S.D 

Hotchkiss,  Col 

Hotel,  N.C 

Hot  House,  Ga 

Hot  House,  N.C 

Hot  Springs,  Ark 

Hot  Springs,  Ark 

Hot  Springs,  Cal 

Hot  Springs,  Cal 

Hot  Springs,  Cal 

Hot  Springs,  Col 

Hot  Springs,  N.M 

Hot  Springs,  N.M 

Hot  Springs,  N.C 

Hot  Springs,  N.C 

Hot  Springs,  S.D 

Hot  Sulphur  Spr'g8,Col. 

Houghton,  Mich 

Houghton,  Mich 

Houlka,  Miss 

Houlton,  Me 

Houma,  La 

Hounsfleld,  N.Y 

House,  Ga 

House  Creek,  N.C 

Houseman,  Ky 

Houser,  Ky 

Houston,  Ala 

Houston,  Ark 

Houston,  Ga 

Houston,  Idaho 

Houston,  111 

Houston,  Kan 

Houston,  Minn 

Houston,  Minn 

Houston,  Miss 

Houston,  Mo 

Houston,  Tex 

Houston,  Va 

Houstonia,  Mo 

Houstonia,  Mo 

Houtzdale,  Pa 

Hoven,  S.D 

Hovey,  Pa 

Howard,  Ark 

Howard,  Col 

Howard,  Ga 

Howard,  Ga 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Mich 

Howard,  Mo 

Howard,  Mo ., 

Howard,  N.Y 

Howard,  0 

Howard,  Ore 

Howard,  Pa 

Howard,  Pa 

Howard,  S.D 

Howard,  Wis 

Howard  Centre,  Iowa.. 

Howard  City,  Mich 

Howard  City,  Neb 

Howard  Creek,  N.C 

Howard  Lake,  Minn... 

Howard  Mill,  Ky 

Howard's  Mills,  Ky 

Howardsville,  Col 

Howbert,  Col 

Howe,  Pa 

Howe,  Pa 

Howe,  Tex 

Howe,  Wis 

Howel,  Ark 

Howell,  Ala 

Howell,  Ark , 

Howell,  Ga 

Howell,  Mich 

Howell,  Mich 

Howell,  Mo 

Howell,  Neb 

Howell,  N.J 

Howell,  S.D 

Howell  Cove,  Ala. 

Howell  Prairie,  Ore 

Howellsville,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 
post-twp 
post-prect 
township 
mil.-dist 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-prect 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
mil.-dist 
township 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
post-prect 
post-twp 
mil.-dist 
post-prect 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-twp 
city 

post-town 
township 
post-vill 
postboro' 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-prect 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
city 

township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-town 
post-twp 
precinct 
township 
post-boro' 
post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
post-vill 
village 
township 
Tillage 
mag.-dist 
post-prect 
'  post-prect 
post-prect 
township 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
precinct 
township 
mil.-dist 
township 
post-vill 
township 
poet-vill 
post-twp 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
post-twp 


County. 


Jackaon 

Edmunds 

Delta 

Surry 

Fannin 

Cherokee 

Garland 

Garland 

Modoc 

Napa 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Pitkin 

Bernalillo 

San  Miguel 

Madison 

Madison 

Fall  River 

Grand 

Houghton 

Keweenaw 

Chickasaw 

Aroostook 

Terre  Bonne.... 

Jefferson 

Jackson 

Wake 

Graves 

McCracken 

Winston 

Perry 

Heard 

Custer 

Adams 

Smith 

Houston 

Houston 

Chickasaw 

Texas 

Harris 

Halifax 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Clea.-fleld 

Potter 

Armstrong....... 

Conway 

Fremont 

Bibb 

Taylor 

Howard 

Parke 

Washington .... 

Howard; 

Story 

Tama 

Wayne 

Elk 

Elk 

Grant 

Labette 

Case 

Bates 

Gentry 

Steuben 

Knox 

Crook 

Centre 

Centre 

Miner 

Brown 

Howard 

Montcalm 

Howard 

Lincoln 

Wright 

Nelson..^ 

Montgomery ... 

San  Juan 

Park 

Forest 

Perry 

Grayson 

Oconto 

Johnson 

Marion 

Perry 

Cobb 

Livingston... 
Livingston... 

Howell 

Colfax 

Monmouth... 

Hand 

Talladega.... 

Marion 

Robeson 

127 


Popalatioo. 


1880.      1890, 


803 

624 

864 

5,179 

3,654 

402 

3,183 


1,169 


1,438 

1,004 


3,228 
1,084 
2,770 
1,310 
2,304 
1,520 
1.196 


961 


1,112 
1,819 
691 
510 
480 
191 
16,613 


141 


2,060 


689 
2,624 

'i*45'6 
684 

1,328 
664 

1,260 
781 

1,098 
900 
676 

1,696 
683 


762 
975 
615 
1,671 
2,131 
983 


947 

498 


1,171 
592 
924 


1,986 
477 


1,277 


382 

398 


178 
497 


3,250 
2,071 
1,674 


3,374 


637 
1,240 


20T 

229 

373 

1,120 

732 

775 

9,480 

8,086 

429 

4,677 

1,524 

106 

83 

267 

1,49« 

695 

1,423 

82 

2,062 

189 

99 

4,015 

1,280 

2,661 

1,408 

2,226 

1,470 

1,054 

602 

666 

747 

274 

981 

784 

643 

636 

893 

355 

27,557 

1,285 

784 

278 

2,231 

130 

346 

3,192 

461 

1,731 

766 

1,324 

666 

1,168 

1,021 

1,127 

766 

689 

2,026 

1,015 


829 

1,479 

1,670 

1,938 

989 

113 

940 

654 

778 

1,261 

669 

1,137 

150 

2,638 

610 

476 

873 

61 

109 

1,276 

383 

284 

770 

769 

646 

109 

621 

3,388 

2,387 

3,906 

197 

3,018 

92 

948 

764 

1,410 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


HoweltoD,  Ala 

Howes,  N.D 

Howkan,  Alaska 

Howland,  Me , 

Howland,  0 

Howville,  &c.,  Col 

Hoxie,  Ark 

Hoxie,  Kan 

Hoyleton,  111 

Hoyleton,  111 

HoytBville,  Utah 

HoytYllle,  0 

Hoytville,  Pa 

Hubbard,  Iowa 

Hubbard,  Minn 

Hubbard,  Minn 

Hubbard,  Neb 

Hubbard,  0 

Hubbard,  0 

Hubbard,  Ore 

Hubbard,  Ore , 

Hubbard,  Tex 

Hubbard,  Wis 

Hubbardston,  Mass 

Hubbardton,  Vt 

Hubbell,  Neb 

Hubbell,  Neb 

Hubble,  Ky 

Hubble,  Mo 

Hubley,  Pa 

Huckiung,  Alaska 

Hudson,  Col 

Hudson,  Fla. 

Hudson,  111 

Hudson,  111 

Hudson,  Ind 

Hudson,  Me 

Hudson,  Mass 

Hudson,  Mich 

Hudson,  Mich 

Hudson,  Mich , 

Hudson,  Minn 

Hudson,  Mo , 

Hudson,  Mo 

Hudson,  N.H 

Hudson,  N.Y 

Hudson,  0 

Hudson,  0 

Hudson,  S.D 

Hudson,  Wis 

Hudson,  Wis 

Hudson  Mill,  Ala 

Hudsonville,  Ky 

Hueneme,  Cal 

Huev,  Ark 

Huft,  Ind 

Huff  Creek,  W.  Va  .... 

Huggins,  Mo 

Hughes,  Ala 

Huglies,  Ala 

Hughes,  Mo 

Hughes  Mill,  Tenn 

Hughes  Springs,  Tex.. 

Hughestown,  Pa 

Hughesville,  Mo 

Hughesville,  Pa 

Hugo,  Col 

Hugoton,  Kan 

Huguenot,  Va 

Huiet,  S.C 

Hulbert,  S.D 

Bull,  Iowa 

Hull,  Mass 

Hull,  Neb 

Hull,  Wis 

Hull,  Wis 

Hullsville,  Md 

Hulmeville,  Pa 

Humansville,  Mo 

Humboldt,  Iowa 

Humboldt,  Kan 

Humboldt,  Kan 

Humboldt,  Mich 

Humboldt,  Minn , 

Humboldt,  Neb 

Humboldt,  Neb 

Humboldt,  S.D 

Humboldt,  Tenn 

Humboldt,  Tenn 

Humboldt.  Wis 

Humbolt,  III 

Humbolt,  111 

Humbug,  Neb 

Hume,  111 

Hume,  111 

Hume,  Mich 

128 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

{(ost-prect 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-town 

borough 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 


County. 


Etowah., 
Cass 


Penobscot 

Trumbull 

Gunnison 

Lawrence 

Sheridan 

Washington 

Washington 

Summit 

Wood 

Tioga 

Hardin 

Hubbard 

Polk 

Dakota 

Trumbull 

Trumbull 

Marion 

Marion 

Hill 

Dodge 

Worcester 

Rutland 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Lincoln 

Cape  Girardeau 
Schuylkill 


Weld 

Pasco 

McLean 

McLean 

La  Porte 

Penobscot....... 

Middlesex....... 

Charlevoix 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Douglas 

Bates 

MacoD 

Hillsborough.. 

Columbia 

Summit 

Summit 

Edmunds 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

De  Kalb 

Breckenridge.. 

Ventura 

Calhoun 

Spencer 

Wyoming 

Gentry 

Covington 

Tuscaloosa 

Nodaway 

London 


Luzerne 

Pettis 

Lycoming.... 

Lincoln 

Stevens 

Powhatan.... 

Edgefield 

Hand 

Sioux 

Plymouth.... 

Banner 

Marathon.... 

Portage 

Baltimore.... 

Bucks..! 

Polk 

Humboldt.... 

Allen 

Allen 

Marquette... 

Clay 

Richardson.. 
Richardson.. 
Minnehaha.. 

Gibson 

Gibson 

Brown 

Coles 

Coles 

Stanton 

Edgar 

Whiteside..., 
Huron 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


137 
762 


312 
281 


5,102 

1,511 

283 

141 


2,055 

1,386 

533 


1,679 
740 


1,308 

276 

649 

659 

3,739 

148 

3,782 

2,254 

452 

1,434 

4,235 

1,046 

8,670 

1,817 


665 
2,298 


1,130 

189 
1,662 

587 
1,179 

265 
1,476 
2,565 

746 

69 

1,192 

1,353 

899 


2,409 
2,376 


383 


720 
1,044 


376 

328 

655 

2,528 

1,542 


1,627 
917 


3,017 

1,572 

1,060 

1,719 

237 

251 

179 

633 

938 


419 

157 

105 

171 

771 

189 

102 

245 

1,775 

361 

288 

395 

560 

452 

533 

630 

385 

3,520 

1,498 

402 

117 

894 

1,690 

1,346 

506 

955 

330 

347 

2,103 

968 

32 

196 

194 

1,269 

273 

497 

510 

4,670 

118 

3,479 

2,178 

609 

1,209 

4,464 

1,092 

9,970 

1,797 

1,143 

96 

693 

2,885 

.315 

2,995 

2,657 

328 

1,692 

483 

1,229 

179 

916 

1,910 

768 

296 

1,464 

857 

1,358 

121 

136 

2,102 

2,215 

173 

666 

989 

278 

893 

1,477 

486 

418 

791 

998 

1,841 

1,361 

608 

268 

1,928 

1,114 

324 

3,367 

1,837 

1,068 

1,7.32 

279 

584 

433 

534 

781 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hume,  Mo 

Hume,  N.Y 

Humeston,  Iowa.... 
Hummelstown,  Pa. 

Humphrey,  Ga 

Humphrey,  Neb..,, 
Humphrey,  Neb..,. 
Humphrey,  N.Y.... 

Humphreys,  Ga 

Humphreys,  Mo.... 
Hungerford,  Iowa. 

Hunlock,  Pa 

Hunnewell,  Kan ... 

Hunnewell,  Ky 

Hunnewell,  Mo 

Hunt,  Ark 

Hunter,  Ala 

Hunter,  111 

Hunter,  Minn 

Hunter,  Neb , 

Hunter,  Neb 

Hunter,  Neb 

Hunter,  N.Y 

Hunter,  N.Y 

Hunter,  N.D 

Hunter,  N.D 

Hunter,  S.C 

Hunter,  Utah 

Hunter  Mill,  N.C... 
Hunter's  Hot  Springs, 

Mont 

Huntersville,  N.C 

Huntersville,  N.C 

Huntersville,  0 

Huntersville,  W.  Va.... 

Huntingburg,  Ind 

Huntingdon,  Pa 

Huntingdon,  Tenn 

Hunting  Quarter,  N.C, 

Huntington,  Ark 

Huntington,  Conn 

Huntington,  Ind 

Huntington,  Ind 

Huntington,  Mass 

Huntington,  Miss 

Huntington,  N.Y 

Huntington,  N.Y 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  Ore 

Huntington,  Ore 

Huntington,  Pa 

Huntington,  Pa 

Huntington,  Utah 

Huntington,  Utah 

Huntington,  Vt 

Huntington,  W,  Va 

Huntley,  111 

Huntley,  Mont 

Huntley,  S.D 

Huntsburg,  0 

Hunt  Store,  Ala 

Huntsville,  Ala 

Huntsville,  Ala , 

Huntsville,  Ark 

Huntsville,  111 

Huntsville,  Ind , 

Huntsville,  Kan 

Huntsville,  Ky 

Huntsville,  Minn 

Huntsville,  Mo 

Huntsville,  N.C , 

Huntsville,  0 

Huntsville,  Tenn 

Huntsville,  Tex ••..., 

Huntsville,  Utah 

Huntsville,  Utah 

Hurdland,  Mo 

Hurlburt,  111 
Hurley,  N.Y 
Hurley,  S.D 
Hurley,  Wis. 
Huron,  Iowa, 
Huron,  Mich 
Huron,  Mich 
Huron,  N.Y 
Huron,  O, 
Huron,  0 

Huron,  S.D 

Hurrah,  Fla 

Hurricane,  Ark. 
Hurricane,  Ark, 
Hurricane,  Ark, 
Hurricane,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post- town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Bates ;.., 

Alleghany.... 

Wayne 

Dauphin 

Paulding 

Platte 

Platte 

Cattaraugus., 

Clinch 

Sullivan 

Plymouth 

Luzerne 

Sumner 

Greenup 

Shelby , 

Scott 

Cullman 

Edgar 

Jackson 

Dawes , 

Sheridan ..... 

Wayne 

Greene 

Greene 

Cass 

Cass 

Laurens 

Salt  Lake 

Gates 


Park 

Mecklenburg.. 
Mecklenburg.. 

Miami 

Pocahontas...., 

Dubois , 

Huntiugdon.... 

Carroll 

Carteret 

Sebastian........ 

Fairfield 

Huntington... 
Huntingtou... 

Hampshire 

Bolivar 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Brown 

Gallia 

Lorain 

Ross 

Baker 

Baker 

Adams 

Luzerne 

Emery 

Emery 

Chittenden.... 

Cabell 

McHenry 

Yellowstone... 

Edmunds 

Geauga 

Jackson 

Madison 

Madison 

Madison 

Schuyler 

Randolph 

Reno 

Butler. 

Polk 

Randolph 

Rockingham . 

Logan 

Scott 

Walker 

Weber 

Weber 

Knox 

Logan 

Ulster 

Turner 

Ashland 

Des  Moines.... 

Huron 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Erie 

Erie 

Beadle 

Hillsborough . 

Cleveland 

Franklin 

Greene 

Saline 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,905 


1,043 
863 


997 


473 
759 


1,886 
424 
245 
174 

1,190 
80 


1,882 
481 


4,867 
T,64i 


223 
976 
781 

4,125 
646 

1,069 


2,499 
6,475 
3,863 
1,236 


8,098 
2,952 
3,085 
1,758 

767 
2,400 

218 


1,642 
1,596 


808 

3,174 

505 


4,977 
312 

1,192 
163 


724 
1,527 
1,297 

429 
1,560 
2,536 

819 


108 

668 

2,621 


866 
768 
2,019 
2,036 
1,910 
1,038 
164 


493 

646 

1,224 

619 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hurricane,  Ga 

Hurricane,  III 

Hurricane,  Ky 

Hurricane,  Mo 

Hurricane,  Mo 

Hurricane,  S.C 

Hurricane,  Tenu 

Hurricane,  W.  Va 

Hurricane  Creek,  Mise. 
Hurricane  Island,  Me.. 
Hurricane  Lake,  N.D... 

Hurtsborongh,  Ala 

Hurtville,  Ala 

Husted,  Col 

Hustisford,  Wis 

Huslisford,  Wis 

Huston,  Pa 

Huston,  Pa 

Huston,  Pa 

Hnstonville,  Ky 

Hnstonville,  Ky 

Hutchings,  Ga 

Hutchins,  Wis 

Hutchinson,  Ga 

Hutchinson,  Kan 

Hutchinson,  Minn 

Hutchinson,  Minn 

Hutchison,  Ky 

Hutsonville,  III 

Hutsonville,  III 

Button,  111 

Huttonsville,  W.  Va.... 

Hutton  Valley,  Mo 

Hyannis,  Neb 

Hyatt,  Tex 

Hyattsville,  Md 

Hyde,  Col 

Hyden,  Ky 

Hyden,  Ky 

Hyde  Park,  Mass 

Hyde  Park,  Minn 

Hyde  Park,  N.Y 

Hyde  Park,  Utah 

Hyde  Park,  Vt 

Hydesville,  Cal 

Hydetown,  Pa, 

Hydraulic,  Col 

Hyndman,  Pa 

Hyrum,  Utah 

lantha,  Mo 

Icard.N.O 

Iconium,  Iowa 

Icy  Cape,  Alaska ^ 

Ida,  Mich 

Ida,  Minn 

Ida  QroTe,  Iowa 

Idaho,  Col 

Idaho  City,  Idaho 

Idaho  Springs,  Col 

Idalia,  Col 

Idea,  Ore 

Idlewild,  Tenn 

IgHgik,  .\laska 

Ighiak,  Alaska 

Ighiakchaghamute, 

Alaska 

IgiTHchocbamute,  Alas. 

Ignalook,  .\laska 

Ignigtok,  Alaska 

Igo,  Cal 

Ikaleaveagmute,  Alas.. 
Ikalinkamute,  Alaska.. 

Iko-agmute,  Alaska 

Ikogmute,  Alaska 

Ilianina,  Alaska 

Ilion,  N.Y 

mini.  111 

Illinois,  Ark 

Illinois,  Ark 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  N.D 

Illinois,  S.D 

llliopolis,  111 

iniopoli8,in 

Illwill,  Ky 

Illyrla,  Iowa 

Use,  Col 

Ilwaco,  Wash 

Imboden,  Ark 

Iniliiy,  Mich 

Imlay  City,  Mich 

luinaha.  Ore 

Imngene,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-beat 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

civil-dist 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-twp 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

village 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

poBt-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 


County. 


Coweta 

Fayette 

Crittenden 

Carroll 

Lincoln 

Pickens 

Moore 

Putnam 

Lauderdale 

Knox 

Pierce 

Russell 

Russell 

El  Paso 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Blair 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Polk 

Shawano 

Greene 

Reno 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Bourbon  

Crawford 

Crawford 

Coles 

Randolph 

Howell 

Grant 

Tyler 

Prince  George's 

Washington 

Leslie 

Leslie 

Norfolk 

Wabasha 

Dutchess. 

Cache 

Lamoille 

Humboldt 

Crawford 

Montrose 

Bedford 

Cache 

Barton 

Burke 

Appanoose 


Monroe 

Douglas 

Ida 

Clear  Creek., 

Bois^ 

Clear  Creek., 

Arapahoe 

Gilliam 

Gibson 


Shasta.. 


Herkimer 

Macon 

Pope 

Washington. 

Nemaha 

Rush 

Sedgwick 

Sumner 

Nelson 

Hyde 

Sangamon.... 
Sangamon.... 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Custer , 

Pacific 

Lawrence.... 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Wallowa 

Fremont , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,146 

1,605 
1,821 


2,827 
1,470 

473 

67 

3,081 

220 


2,239 


1,666 

488 
1,533 

892 
1,354 
2,775 

353 
1,080 

280 
1,044 
1,540 
1." 

580 
1,057 
1,993 

418 
2,252 

837 

630 


288 


1,355 

57 

7,088 

423 
2,873 

433 
1,715 

723 

405 


323 
1.234 


1,281 


1,369 
477 
759 


733 
"636 


3,711 

1,232 

2,583 

2,195 

554 

604 

432 

430 


1,322 

686 

1,040 

1,160 


86 


2,400 
971 


168 


1,016 
1,457 
2.466 
1,894 
2,798 
1,723 

414 

207 
3,214 

266 

163 

433 
1,913 

311 
1,639 

513 
1,391 

766 
2,443 
2,649 

435 

785 

620 

819 
8,682 
1,869 
1,414 
1,066 
2,217 

582 
2,180 
1,172 
1,176 

221 

429 
1,509 

196 

1,296 

80 

10,193 

472 
2,821 

491 
1,633 
1,511 

247 

60 

1,056 

1,423 

206 
1,386 

111 

67 

1,410 

746 
1,563 
2,119 

459 
1,338 

393 
92 

731 
60 
94 

81 

31 

85 

64 

1,076 

38 

60 

65 

140 

76 

4,067 

1,185 

2,808 

1,169 

929 

256 

484 

606 

146 

90 

1,607 

689 

975 

1,036 

200 

617 

167 

2,620 

1,251 

83 

279 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Imperial,  Neb... 

Imperial,  Neb 

Inavale,  Neb 

Independence,  Ala 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  III 

Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Ky 

Independence,  Ky 

Independence,  Mich.... 
Independence,  Minn.... 
Independence,  Minn.... 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  N.J 

Independence,  N.Y 

Independence,  0 

Independence,  0 

Independence,  0 

Independence,  Ore 

Independence,  Pa 

Independence,  Pa 

Independence,  S.D 

Independence,  Tex 

Independence,  W.  Va... 

Independence,  Wis 

Independent,  Kan 

Independent,  Neb 

Index,  Mo 

Indian,  Cal 

Indian,  Mo 

Indian,  S.C 

Indiana,  Iowa 

Indiana,  Kan 

Indiana,  Kan 

Indiana,  Pa 

Indiana,  Pa 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Indian  Bay,  Ark 

Indian  Bayon,  Ark 

Indian  Bottom,  Ky 

Indian  Branch,  Ala 

Indian  Oeek,  Ala 

Indian  Creek,  111 

Indian  Creek,  111 

Indian  Creek,  Ind 

Indian  Creek,  Ind 

Indian  Creek,  Ind 

Indian  Creek,  Iowa 

Indian  Creek,  Iowa 

Indian  Creek,  Kan 

Indian  Creek,  Ky 

Indian  Creek,  Mo 

Indian  Creek,  Neb 

Indian  Fields,  Mich 

Indian  Grove,  111 

Indian  Hill,  S.C 

Indian  Lake,  Minn..... 

Indian  Lake,  N.Y 

Indian  Land,  S.C 

Indian  Mound,  Tenn.... 

Indianola,  111 

Indianola,  Iowa 

Indianola,  Neb 

Indianola,  Neb 

Indianola,  Utah 

Indian  Point,  III 

Indian  Prairie,  111 

Indian  River,  Del 

Indian  Springs,  Ga 

Indian  Springs,  Ky 

Indian  Springs,  Md 

Indian  Springs,  Mo 

Indian  Springs,  N.C 

Indiantown,  111 

Indian  Valley,  Idaho.... 

Indian  Valley,  Ore 

Indian  Valley,  Va 

Indian  Village,  Iowa..„ 

Indian  Woods,  N.C 

Indio,  Cal 

Industrial,  Minn 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

hundred 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Chase , 

Chase , 

Webster 

Autauga , 

Baxter 

Lee 

Madison 

Pope 

Saline 

Appanoose 

Buchanan 

Hamilton 

Jasper 

Palo  Alto 

Montgomery..., 
Montgomery..., 

Osborne , 

Washington.... 

Kenton , 

Laurel , 

Oakland , 

Hennepin., , 

St.  Louis , 

Dunklin , 

Jackson 

Macon 

Nodaway , 

Schuyler , 

Warren 

Alleghany , 

Cuyahoga , 

Richland 

Washington.... 

Polk 

Beaver 

Washington 

Day 

Washington...., 

Preston , 

Trempealeau... 

Barton 

Valley 

Cass 

Plumas , 

Pike 

Williamsburg.., 

Marion 

Graham 

Lincoln 

Alleghany , 

Indiana 

Marion 

Monroe , 

Lonoke 

Letcher 

Pike 

Bullock 

Cass 

White 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Pulaski 

Mills 

Story 

Anderson 

Knox 

Monroe 

Dundy 

Tuscola 

Livingston 

Abbeville 

Nobles 

Hamilton 

Lancaster 

Stewart 

Vermilion 

Warren 

Red  Willow.... 
Red  Willow.... 

San  Pete , 

Knox , 

Wayne 

Sussex , 

Butts 

Campbell 

Washington 

McDonald 

Wayne 

Bureau , 

Washington 

Union , 

Floyd 

Tama 

Bertie 

Sitn  Diego 

Saint  Louis 

129 


PopnUtioD. 


1880.      1890, 


427 


820 
2,626 


614 
1,058 

707 
3,128 


1,070 


1,605 

2,915 

442 


1,964 
397 

1,386 
842 


1,578 
3,146 
1,098 
1,431 
1,496 
1,018 
1,186 
1,993 
394 
1,792 


829 
1,012 


424 
244 
365 

757 


1,083 

1,716 

1,247 

1,914 

1,131 

511 

463 

1,189 

1,907 

75,056 

167 

273 

722 

881 

1,134 


2,926 
1,643 
1,131 

948 
1,917 
1,212 

373 
1,677 

567 


1,869 
3,143 
1,864 

200 

615 
1,409 
1,243 

308 
4,110 
1,231 

233 


1,725 
1,763 
1,813 
987 
827 
1,736 


1,763 
1,607 


663 
2,171 
1,369 


722 

169 

378 

892 

809 

3,537 

264 

6X8 

1,606 

696 

3,163 

564 

1,277 

295 

1,859 

3,127 

340 

805 

1,818 

6T9 

1,297 

1,035 

86 

2,696 

6,380 

964 

1,818 

1,694 

904 

1,249 

1,973 

266 

1,611 

1,061 

932 

899 

390 

373 

273 

382 

574 

240 

1,211 

1,268 

1,306 

1,919 

1,000 

484 

643 

1,067 

1,963 

105,436 

140 

936 

1,066 

1,101 

1,240 

392 

2,806 

1,891 

1,036 

1,027 

1,440 

1,326 

713 

831 

695 

186 

2,469 

3,117 

2,636 

320 

1,047 

1,635 

1,201 

472 

2,264 

1,303 

679 

148 

1,496 

1,812 

1,766 

1,391 

772 

1,683 

131 

1,688 

1,277 

210 

1,332 

2,012 

1,128 

1,699 

191 

61 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
Tillage 
post-twp 
hamlet 
post-twp 
township 
hamlet 
hamlet 
Ingersoll,  Mich I  township 


Industry,  111 , 

Industry,  111 

Industry,  Me 

Industry,  Neb 

Industry,  Pa 

Industry,  Pa 

Ingahamute,  Alaska 

Ingalls,  Kan 

Ingallston,  Mich 

Ingamatsha,  Alaska. 
Ingeramute,  Alaska. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Ingersoll,  Tex. 

Ingham,  Iowa 

Ingham,  Mich 

Ingle,  Idaho 

Ingold,  N.C 

Ingraham,  Iowa 

Ingram,  N.C 

Inkster,  N.D 

Inkster,  N.D 

Inland,  Iowa 

Inland,  Mich 

Inland,  Neb 

Inman,  Minn 

Inman,  Neb 

Inman,  Tenn 

Insiachamute,  Alaska. 

Intercourse,  Ala 

Interior,  Mich 

Inter  Lachen,  Fla , 

Invergrove,  Minn 

Inverness,  Mich 

Inwood,  N.Y 

lola,  Fla 

lola,  Kan 

lola,  Kan 

lola.  Wis , 

lona,  Minn 

lone,  Cal 

lone.  Ore 

Ionia,  Kau 

Ionia,  Mich 

Ionia,  Mich 

Ionia,  Neb 

Iosco,  Mich 

loaco,  Minn 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Kan 

Iowa,  Kan 

Iowa,  Kan 

Iowa,  Minn 

Iowa,  Neb 

Iowa,  S.D 

Iowa,  S.D 

Iowa,  S.D 

Iowa  City,  Iowa 

Iowa  Falls,  Iowa 

Iowa  Lake,  Iowa 

Iowa  Park,  Tex.. 

Ipaya,  111 

Ipawich,  Mass 

Ipswich,  S.D 

Ipewich,  S.D 

Ira,  Mich 

Ira,  N.Y 

Ira,  Vt 

Irasburg,  Vt 

Irdin,  N.D 

Iredell,  Tex 

Ireland,  Ky 

Ireland,  Ore 

Ireton,  Iowa 

Irisburg,  Va 

Irish  Bottom,  Tenn.... 
Irish  Corner,  W.  Va.... 

Irishtown,  111 

Iron,  Mo 

Iron,  Mo 

Ironaton,  Ala 

Iron  Creek,  Ark 

Irondale,  O 

Irondale,  Wash 

Irondequoit,  N.Y 

Iron  Duff,  N.C 

Iron  Hill,  Ga 

Iron  Mountain,  Mich. 

130 


post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poBt-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

towniihip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

city 


County. 


McDonough.. 
McDonough.. 

Franklin 

Phelps 

Alleghany.... 
Beaver 


Gray 

Menominee. 


Midland 

Bowie 

Franklin 

Ingham 

Nez  Perces.... 

Sampson 

Mills 

Johnston 

Grand  Forks. 
Grand  Forks. 

Cedar 

Benzie 

Clay  

Otter  Tail 

Holt 

Marion 


Sumter 

Ontonagon  

Putnam 

Dakota 

Cheboygan , 

Queens , 

Calhoun 

Allen 

Allen 

Waupaca „., 

Murray 

Amador 

Morrow 

Jewell  

Ionia 

Ionia 

Dixon 

Livingston 

Waseca. 

Allamakee 

Benton 

Cedar 

Crawford 

Dubuque 

Iowa 

Jackson... .M..... 

Marshall 

Washington 

Wright 

Doniphan 

Books 

Sherman 

Todd 

Holt 

Beadle 

Douglas 

Sully 

Johnson 

Hardin 

Emmet 

Wichita 

Fulton 

Essex 

Edmunds 

Edmunds 

Saint  Clair. 

Cayuga 

Butland 

Orleans 

Bamaey 

Bosque 

Taylor 

Crook 

Sioux 

Henry 

Cocke 

Greenbrier 

Clinton 

Iron 

Saint  Franjois., 

Talladega 

Yell 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Haywood 

Bartow 

Dickinson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,450 
366 
715 


751 
"U5 


738 


592 
1.411 


1,034 
1,755 


1,059 
287 
500 
174 


805 


791 
1,027 


2,307 

1,096 

979 

112 

636 


1,142 
1,813 
4,190 


1,018 
1,058 

787 
2,884 
1,026 

536 

768 
1,036 
1,270 
1,032 
1,626 

369 
3,607 

421 


7,123 
955 
44 


675 
3,699 


1,645 

2,113 

479 

1,064 


171 
1,740 


2,001 


1,188 

886 

1,348 

2,159 


145 

399 


446 


1,419 

432 

545 

514 

660 

618 

50 

549 

491 

73 

35 

1,130 

215 

671 

1,232 

190 

78 

1,081 

2,053 

4U 

211 

1,054 

419 

690 

292 

558 

520 

42 

823 

559 

207 

1,211 

1,153 

1,277 

119 

2,743 

1,706 

1,315 

341 

806 

339 

684 

1,482 

4,482 

321 

947 

942 

698 

792 

855 

921 

703 

971 

1,106 

795 

1,495 

537 

3,280 

327 

228 

456 

281 

141 

250 

65 

7,016 

1,796 

67 

442 

667 

4,439 

615 

539 

1,495 

1,873 

421 

999 

67 

251 

1,716 

41 

412 

2,324 

652 

1,499 

829 

1,985 

2,403 

562 

366 

694 

42 

2,415 

498 

723 

8,599 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Iron  Mountain,  Mo.. 
Iron  Biver,  Mich..... 

Iron  River,  Mich 

Iron  Spring,  Ga 

Ironton,  Col 

Irouton,  Mo 

Ironton,  N.C 

Ironton,  0 

Ironton,  Wis 

Ironwood,  Mich 

Ironwood,  Mich 

Iroquois,  III 

Iroquois,  111 

Iroquois,  Ind.... 

Iroquois,  S.D™ 

Iroquois,  S.D 

Irvin,  Pa 

Irvine,  Ky 

Irving,  III 

Irving,  III 

Irving,  Kan 

Irving,  Kan 

Irving,  Mich 

Irving,  Minn..„ 

Irving,  Ore 

Irving,  Wis , 

Irvington,  111 

Irvington,  Ind 

Irvington,  Iowa. 

Irvington,  N.Y 

Irwin,  Col 

Irwin,  Kan 

Irwin,  Pa..« , 

Irwinton,  Ga , 

Isabel,  111 

Isabel,  Kan , 

Isabella,  Mich... , 

Isabella,  Wis 

Isanti,  Minn 

Isbell,  Ala 

Ischua,  N.Y 

Isha,  Alaska 

Ishpeming,  Mich 

Ishpeming,  Mich 

Island,  Col 

Island,  Idaho 

Island,  Ky 

Island,  Neb 

Island,  Neb 

Island  City,  Ore 

Island  Creek,  Ky 

Island  Creek,  N.C 

Island  Creek,  0 

Island  Falls,  Me 

Island  Grove,  111 

Island  Grove,  Neb. ... 
Island  Lake,  Minn... 

Isle  au  Haut,  Me 

Isle  la  Motte,  Vt 

Isle  Piquante,  Ia 

Isle  Royal,  Mich 

Islesborough,  Me 

Isleta,  N.M 

Islip,  N.Y 

Israel,  0 

Italy,  N.Y 

Italy,  Tex 

Itasca,  Kan 

Itaska,  Tex 

Ithaca,  Mich 

Ithaca,  Mich 

Ithaca,  N.Y 

Ithaca,  N.Y 

Ithaca,  O 

Ithaca,  Wis 

Itkarapaga,  Alaska... 

luka.  111 

Iuka,Ill 

luka,  Kan 

luka.  Miss 

Ivanhoe,  Cal 

Ivanhoe,  Col 

Ivanhoe,  Kan 

Ivanhoe,  Kan 

Ivanpah,  Cal , 

Ivesdale,Ill , 

Ivy,  Ark 

Ivy,  Ga 

Ivy,  Ga 

Ivy,  Kan 

Ivy,  N.C 

Ivy,  Va 

Ivy  Hill,  N.C 

Ivy  Log,  Ga , 

Ixonia,  Wis 

Jack  Creek,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poet-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post- bo  ro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp  ( 

post-prect 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

citj- 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

ward 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Saint  Franpois. 

Iron 

Iron 

Butts 

Ouray 

Iron 

Lincoln 

Lawrence 

Sauk 

Gogebic 

Gogebic 

Iroquois. 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Kingsbury 

Kingsbury 

Venango 

Estill 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Brown 

Marshall 

Barry.. 

KandlyohL 

Lane 

Jackson 

Washington.... 

Marion 

Koesuth 

Westchester.. .. 

Gunnison 

Comanche , 

Westmoreland. 

Wilkinson 

Fulton , 

Scott 

Isabella , 

Pierce „..., 

Isanti 

Franklin 

Cattaraug^iB 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,243 


Marquette .. 
Marquette... 
Arapahoe.... 

Alturas 

McLean , 

Nemaha 

Polk 

Union 

Owsley , 

Duplin 

Jefferson 

Aroostook... 
Sangamon... 

Gage , 

Lyon , 

Hancock , 

Grand  Isle... 

Iberia. , 

Isle  Boyale.c 

Waldo 

Bernalillo... c 

Suffolk 

Preble 

Yates 

Ellis 

Sherman 

Hill 

Gratiot 

Gratiot 

Tompkins.... 
Tompkins.... 

Darke 

Bichland 


Marion 

Marion 

Pratt 

Tishomingo 

Los  Angeles 

Pitkin 

Finney 

Haskell 

San  Bernardino 

Champaign 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Washington 

Lyon 

Buncombe 

Albemarle 

Haywood 

Union 

Jefferson 

Emmet 


1,045 

""759 
1, 
8,857 
1,310 


865 

"si's 


1,584 

1,676 

1,504 

559 

967 


1,423 
426 
461 


652 

679 

1,904 


1,444 

1,324 

823 


1,170 
250 
769 


935 


1,967 
6,039 


606 

107 

278 

735 

724 

2,118 

2,029 

236 

1,000 


177 
274 
504 

1,471 
55 

1, 


6,453 
1,807 
1,444 


600 
11,198 
9,105 

128 
1,110 


1,311 
315 

1,039 
845 


235 

750 

755 

1,310 


1,709 

1,413 

664 

502 

1,597 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jack  Creek,  N.C 

Jacks,  S.C 

Jacksborough,  Tenn.. 
Jacksborough.  Tenn.. 

Jacksborough,  Tex 

Jacksborough,  Tex.... 

Ark 

Jackson 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Jackson, 

Ga 

Ga 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Jackson, 

Ill 

Tnd 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson, 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Jackson 

Ind 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Iowa 

Jackson 

,  Iowa 

Jackson 

,  Iowa 

Jackson 

,  Iowa 

Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-rill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Yancey 

Laurens 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Jack 

Jack 

Clarke 

Boone 

Calhoun , 

Crittenden 

Dallas 

Little  River.... 

Monroe 

Nevada 

Newton 

Pope 

Sharp 

Union 

White 

Butts 

Butts , 

Laurens , 

Effingham 

Massac 

Pope 

Will 

Allen , 

Bartholomew.. 

Blackford 

Boone , 

Brown 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clay 

Clinton 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

DeKalb 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Fayette 

Fountain 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Howard 

Huntington,... 

Jackson 

Jay 

Kosciusko 

Madison 

Miami 

Morgan 

Newton 

Orange 

Owen , 

Parke 

Porter , 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Biplev 

Rush 

Shelby 

Spencer , 

Starke 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Tippecanoe..... 
Washington... 

Wayne 

Wells 

White. 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Bremer 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Dee  Moinea.... 

Greene 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Jackson 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Linn 

Lucas 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


903 
2,797 
1,398 

274 
1,741 

387 
1,012 

710 

688 
1,432 

979 
2,014 
1,068 

964 
1,320 


512 

1,235 

397 

1,193 

212 

270 

1,233 

1,486 

890 

1,399 

295 

776 

1,756 

2,919 

2,143 

1,449 

1,606 

2,542 

1,545 

1,361 

1,811 

1,342 

1,085 

1,591 

982 

1,409 

2,516 

4,344 

1,928 

1,497 

1,018 

2,055 

5,549 

1,299 

1,028 

1,423 

1,864 

1,853 

795 

1,351 

728 

1,474 

1,029 

1,487 

1,380 

1,482 

868 

1,676 

968 

129 

1,167 

1,984 

1,133 

828 

5,294 

1,496 

1,724 

679 

1,221 

1,161 

973 

746 

697 

1,160 

591 

106 

720 

895 

920 

479 

1,064 

897 

914 

1,392 

13,502 

1,000 

1,985 

819 

1,068 

2,203 


1,026 

2,572 

1,462 

374 

2,253 

751 

1,160 

717 

737 

2,914 

578 

2,642 

1,308 

956 

1,082 

747 

365 

1,664 

579 

2,316 

922 

1,194 

1,149 

1,288 

919 

1,180 

904 

661 

2,075 

2,834 

2,012 

1,546 

1,655 

2,443 

1,551 

1,203 

1,562 

1,412 

1,297 

1,430 

841 

1,407 

2,185 

4,255 

1,759 

1,527 

1,370 

1,948 

6,502 

1,547 

1,435 

1,299 

2,313 

1,586 

947 

1,372 

595 

1,506 

1,009 

1,376 

1,431 

1,218 

789 

1,313 

1,158 

225 

1,029 

2,689 

1,048 

766 

4,021 

1,731 

1,958 

872 

1,175 

1,041 

824 

704 

692 

978 

655 

135 

695 

721 

813 

526 

795 

869 

825 

1,244 

15,511 

1,198 

2,675 

749 

934 

2,636 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 
Jackson, 


Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan..., 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan..., 
Kan... 
Ky.... 

La 

Me 

Md 

Mich... 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 
Miss.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo..... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Neb... 
Neb... 
Neb... 
Neb... 
N.H... 
N.J.... 
N.T... 
N.C... 
N.C... 
N.C... 
N.C... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

O 

0 

O 

0 

0 

0 

O 

0 

0 

0 

O 

0 

0 

0 

o 

0 

o 

0 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
ip 
lip 
-lip 
iship 
ihip 
ihip 


township 

township 

township 

tow   -■  '- 

tow 

tow 


township 


.-dist 
•town 
:-town 


..^..nsL..!.. 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
mag  ^--' 
post 

p08t-t-  . 

district 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Poweshiek 

Sac 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Van  Buren 

Warren 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winneshiek.... 

Anderson 

Edwards 

Geary 

Jewell 

Lyon 

McPherson 

Osborne 

Riley , 

Sumner 

Breathitt 

East  Feliciana, 

Waldo 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Scott 

Hinds 

Andrew 

Buchanan 

Callaway 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau 

Carter 

Clark 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Linn 

Livingston ., 

Macon 

Maries 

Monroe 

NodaM'ay 

Osage 

Ozark 

Polk 

Putnam 

Randolph.... 
Reynolds..... 
Saint  Clair... 
Ste.  OenevieTe... 

Shannon 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Texas. 

Webster 

Dakota 

Hall 

Knox 

Loup.„ 

Carroll 

Ocean 

Washington. 

Nash 

Northampton... 
Northampton 

Union 

Allen 

Ashland 

Auglaize 

Brown 

Champaign.... 

Clermont 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Darke 

Franklin 

Guernsey 

Hancock , 

Hardin 

Highland 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Mahoning 

Monroe 

Montgomery., 
Muskingum... 

Noble 

Paulding 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,081 

1,066 

800 

487 

1,833 

971 

943 

916 

509 

797 

626 

286 

668 

496 

1,631 

606 

450 

1,064 

888 

1,271 

880 

682 

1,499 

16,105 

601 

270 

5,204 

1,641 

900 

1,404 

1,004 

795 

747 

1,464 

1,093 

1,691 

1,605 

249 

1,735 

1,725 

640 

1,416 

2,168 

1,740 

1,963 

767 

1,729 

1,708 

984 

638 

1,746 

1,006 

975 

540 

775 

1,364 

332 

2,057 

2,043 

632 


464 
1,803 
1,562 
1,290 

745 

265 
1,530 
1,893 
1,486 
1,991 

963 
1,901 
1,761 
1,969 
3,216 
2,860 
2,092 
1,140 
1,338 
2,176 

942 
1,869 
3,021 

806 

948 
1,382 
2,451 
1,600 
1,267 

974 

131 


2,087 

1,763 

1,009 

542 

1,923 

898 

760 

973 

636 

764 

833 

195 

302 

681 

1,845 

684 

449 

861 

709 

1,493 

1,276 

522 

1,390 

20,798 

720 

209 

6,920 

1,347 

656 

1,830 

1,124 

941 

636 

1,287 

986 

2,212 

1,658 

741 

2,169 

2,078 

619 

1,315 

2,100 

1,649 

1,904 

868 

1,992 

5,177 

1,901 

1,056 

992 

1,929 

1,035 

765 

590 

917 

1,186 

520 

1,929 

2,251 

868 

1,168 

308 

867 

616 

88 

579 

1,717 

1,278 

1,411 

1,318 

750 

2,202 

1,818 

1,276 

1,966 

918 

1,827 

1,418 

1,628 

3,248 

2,927 

1,898 

2,193 

1,168 

2,177 

953 

1,847 

4,320 

841 

966 

1,191 

2,472 

1,479 

1,216 

2,266 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 -.. 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

.Tackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  Ore , 

Jackson,  Pa.... 

Jackson,  Pa. , 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  Pa 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jackson,  S.D 

Jackson,  S.D 

Jackson,  Tenn 

Jackson,  Va 

Jackson,  Ya. 

Jackson,  Va. 

Jackson,  Wis. 

Jackson,  Wis 

Jacksonborongh,  0 

Jackson  Centre,  Pa 

Jackson  Hill,  N.C 

Jacksonport,  Ark 

Jacksonport,  Wis 

Jackson's  Gap,  Ala 

Jackson's  Gap,  Ala 

JacksonTiile,  Ala 

Jacksonville,  Ala 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Jacksonville,  Ga 

JacksonTiile,  Ga 

Jacksonville,  111 

Jacksonville,  111 

Jacksonville,  Iowa 

Jacksonville,  Mo„ 

Jacksonville,  N.C 

Jacksonville,  N.C 

Jacksonville,  0 

Jacksonville,  Ore 

Jacksonville,  Ore 

Jacksonville,  Pa 

Jacksonville,  Tex 

Jacksonville,  Va 

Jack  Springs,  Ala. 

Jacobs,  Wis 

Jacob's  Fork,  N.C 

Jaflirey,  N.H 

Jamaica,  N.Y 

Jamaica,  N.Y 

Jamaica,  Vt  

Jamaica,  Va 

James,  Ark 

James,  Iowa 

James,  Mich 

James,  Mo 

James'  Bayou,  Mo 

James  City,  N.C 

James  Creek,  Ark 

James  Cross  Roads,  S.C, 

James'Island,  S.C 

Jameson,  Mo 

Jamesport,  Mo 

Jamesport,  Mo 

James  River,  Va 

James  RiverVary,N.D 

Jamestown,  Ala 

Jamestown,  Col 

Jamestown,  Col 

Jamestown,  Ga 

Jamestown,  Ind 

Jamestown,  Ind 

Jamestown,  Iowa 

Jamestown,  Kan .. 

182 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dlst 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

borough 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 


County. 


Perry - 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Preble 

Putnam 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Stark 

Union 

Van  Wert. 

Vinton 

Wood 

Wyandot 

Polk 

Butler 

Cambria 

Columbia. 

Dauphin 

Greene 

Huntingdon 

Lebanon  

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Northumberl'd 

Perry 

Snyder 

Susquehanna.... 

Tioga 

Venango 

York 

Charles  Mix 

Sanborn 

Madison 

Amelia 

Louisa 

Rappahannock 

Adams 

Washington 

Butler 

Mercer 

Davidson 

Jackson 

Door 

Tallapoosa 

Tallapoosa...^... 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Duval 

Marion.... 

Telfair 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Chickasaw 

Randolph 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Athens 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Indiana 

Cherokee 

Floyd 

Escambia... 

Ashland 

Catawba 

Cheshire 

Queens 

Queens 

Windham 

Middlesex 

Scott 

Pottawattamie 

Saginaw 

Stone 

Mississippi 

Craven 

Marlon 

Florence 

Charleston 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Buckingham.... 

Dickey 

Conecuh 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Chattahoochee.. 

Boone 

Steuben 

Howard 

Cloud , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,896 
1,339 
2,067 
1,389 
1,047 

977 
1,485 
1,399 
1,852 
2,079 
1,464 

800 
1,288 
1,028 
1,331 

453 
1,267 
1,004 

675 
1,191 
1,244 
1,663 
3,709 

661 

620 
1,111 

802 

959 
1,004 

728 
1,095 
1,824 

789 
1,836 


6,377 
2,708 
3,878 
1,702 

482 
1,844 

108 

"'5^ 
666 
432 


2,033 

882 

7,650 

1,841 

1,004 

14,829 

10,927 

1,183 

163 

1,846 

94 


1,463 
839 
114 
349 

2,748 
276 


1,443 

1,267 

10,088 

3,922 

1,252 

1,785 

217 

638 

572 

395 

668 

1,100 

273 

671 


405 
1,369 

608 
3,397 


505 


956 
696 
715 
540 
101 


1,713 

1,136 

1,962 

1,213 

1,235 

822 

1,509 

1,360 

1,794 

2,112 

1,388 

1,340 

1,145 

1,687 

1,111 

537 

1,164 

987 

738 

1,137 

1,226 

1,450 

3,830 

657 

619 

1,226 

741 

1,046 

955 

730 

946 

1,704 

843 

1,003 

737 

136 

10,039 

2,411 

3,510 

1,488 

604 

1,680 

79 

232 

621 

421 

817 

995 

207 

2,420  I 

1,237  I 

17,201 

1,687 

742  \ 

16,899  i 

12,935 

1,096 

166 

1,865 

170 

727 

1,203 

743 

83 

970 

2,735 

397 

1,277 

1,622 

1,469 

14,441 

5,361 

1,074 

1,948 

275 

788 

665 

360 

619 

1,237 

578 

534 

2,915 

429 

1,446 

790 

3,098 

338 

436 

529 

212 

644 

616 

691 

659 

372 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jamestown,  Ky precinct 

Jamestown,  Ky post-vill 

Jamestown,  Mich post-twp 

Jamestown,  Minn township 

Jamestown,  Mo post-town 

Jamestown,  Neb township 

Jamestown,  N.Y city 

Jamestown,  N.C post-twp 

Jamestown,  N.D city 

Jamestown,  0 post-vill 

Jamestown,  Pa post-boro' 

Jamestown,  R.I poet-town 

Jamestown,  Tenn post-vill 

Jamestown,  Va mag.-dist 

Jamestown,  Wis post-twp 

Jamesville,  N.C township 

Jamesville,  N.C post-town 

Jamul,  Cal post-prect 

Janelew,  W.  Va post-town 

Janes  Creek,  Ark |  township 

Janesville,  111 i  post-vill 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


Janesville,  Kan.. 
Janesville,  Minn. 
Janesville,  Minn.. 
Janesville,  Wis.... 
Janesville,  Wis..... 

Jaqua,  Kan 

Jarales,  N.M 

Jarvis,  111 

Jasper,  Alsk. 

Jasper,  Ala. 

Jasper,  Ark 

Jaaper,  Ark 

Jasper,  Fla 

Jaaper,  Ga. 

Jasper,  111 

Jasper,  Ind 

Jasper,  Iowa , 

Jasper,  Iowa. 

Jasper,  Mich 

Jasper,  Minn 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo ..„ 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  N.Y 

Jasper,  O 

Jasper,  Ore 

Jasper,  S.D 

Jasper,  Tenn 

Java,  N.Y , 

Jay,  Me 

Jay,  Minn 

Jay,  N.Y 

Jay,  Pa 

Jay,  Vt 

Jay  Bird.  Ala 

Jay  Gould,  Mont.. 
Jeanerette,  La...., 

Jeannette,  Pa 

Jeddo,  Mo , 

Jeddo,  Pa 

Jeddo,  Tex , 

Jeffers,  Tenn 

Jefferson,  Ala 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefierson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark , 

Jefferson,  Col 

Jefferson,  Ga 

Jefferson,  Ga 

Jefferson,  111 

Jefferson,  111 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 


township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Russell 

Russell 

Ottawa 

Blue  Earth 

Moniteau 

Chase 

Chautauqua 

Guilford 

Stutsman 

I  Greene 

I  Mercer 

I  Newiwrt 

j  Fentress 

'  James  City....... 

!  Grant 

Martin 

Martin 

San  Diego 

I  Lewis 

I  Randolph 

!  Coles 

I  Greenwood 

I  Waseca 

j  Waseca 

Bock 

Rock 

Cheyenne 

Valencia 

Madison 

Walker 

Walker 

Crawford 

Crittenden 

Hamilton 

Pickens 

Wayne 

Dubois 

Adams 

Carroll 

Midland 

Pipe  Stone 

Camden 

Dallas 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Ozark 

RalU 

Shannon 

Taney 

Steuben 

Fayette 

Lane 

Hanson 

Marion 

Wyoming 

Franklin 

Martin 

Essex 

Elk 

Orleans „„.. 

Marshall 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Iberia 

Westmoreland.. 

Knox 

Luzerne 

Bastrop 

Scott 

Marengo 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Desha 

Independence... 

Izard 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Newton 

Ouachita 

Saline 

Sevier 

Park 

Jackson 

Jackson. 

Pope....'. 

Stephenson 

Adams 

Allen 

Boone 

Carroll 


Dubois 

Elkhart 

Grant 

Greene 

Henry , 

Huntington,. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


3,194 
121 

2,066 
603 
185 


9,357 

1,437 

393 

877 

974 

469 

86 

1,235 

1,215 

1,699 

299 


142 
684 


688 
752 

1,021 
900 

9,018 


1,942 


269 
1,654 
2,332 
2,311 

146 
1,143 
1,040 
1,024 

439 

602 


497 
902 
884 


953 

1,866 

177 

625 

1,806 

2,072 


641 

1,953 

1,291 

217 

2,443 

600 

696 

616 


624 

360 


416 
2,459 
987 
281 
725 
469 
465 
1,972 


363 
470 
335 
659 


1,484 

419 

632 

650 

684 

1,582 

1,998 

1,118 

1,135 

1,262 

1,265 

1,521 

1,907 

1,298 

1,464 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Jefferson 
Jeffersou 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jeffei-son 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson. 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson! 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson, 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 
Jefferson 


,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 
,  Ind...., 
,  Ind..., 

,  Ind 

,Ind 

,  Ind 

,  Ind...., 

,  Ind 

,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 
,  Ind.... 

,Ind 

,  Iowa... 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa... 
,  Iowa.., 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa.., 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa. . 
,  Iowa.., 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa. . 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa. . 
,  Iowa.., 
,  Iowa.., 
,  Iowa... 
,  Iowa. . 
,  Iowa. . 
,  Iowa. . 
,  Iowa.. 
,  Iowa.., 
,Kan..., 
,Kan..., 
,Kan... 
,Kan... 
,  Kan..., 
,Kan..., 
,Kan..., 
,Kan.... 

,  Me 

,  Md 

,  Md 

,  Mich.. 
,  Mich.. 
,  Minn.. 

,Mo 

,,  Mo 

:,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo...., 

,  Mo 

,  Mo.... 
,  Mo...., 
,  Mo...., 

,  Mo , 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Neb... 
,  Neb.... 
,  Neb.... 
,  N.H... 
,  N.J.... 
,N.Y... 
,  N.C.... 
,  N.C.... 
I,  N.C.... 

,  O 

,0 

,  0 

,0 

,  o 

,  0 

,  0 

,0 

,0 

,  0 

,0 

,0 

,  0 

,0 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Jay 

Kosciusko 

Miami 

Morgan , 

Newton 

Noble 

Owen 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Sullivan 

Switzerland.. 

Tipton 

Washington.. 

Wayne 

Weils 

Whitley 

Adair 

Allamakee.... 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Clayton 

Dubuque 

Fayette 

Greene 

Harrison 

Henry 

Johnson 

Lee 

Louisa 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marshall 

Polk 

Poweshiek.... 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Warren 

Wayne 

Chautauqua.. 

Cheyenne 

Dickinson 

Geary 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Bawlins 

Republic 

Lincoln , 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Cass 

Hillsdale 

Houston 

Andrew 

Cedar 

Clark 

Cole 

Daviess 

Grundy , 

Harrison 

Johnson 

Linn 

Maries 

Monroe 

Nodaway 


Polk 

Saline 

Scotland 

Shelby , 

Wayne 

Douglas , 

Jefferson 

Richardson. 

Coos 

Morris 

Schoharie..., 

Ashe 

Ashe 

Guilford 

Adams 

Ashtabula... 
Ashtabula... 

Brown 

Clinton 

Coshocton... 
Crawford.... 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Greene 

Guernsey.... 

Jackson 

Knox 

Logan 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,757 

1,073 

1,616 

1,026 

1,964 

1,226 

1,909 

2,505 

364 

1,108 

1,797 

3,9a^ 

2,246 

1,556 

2,007 

2,262 

1,523 

844 

1,135 

795 

1,095 

774 

2,277 

1,585 

1,131 

1,444 

1,697 

1,370 

789 

979 

678 

894 

996 

864 

1,092 

948 

833 

361 

793 

1,120 

829 

1,068 


667 


826 
1,639 


580 
1,590 
1,578 

274 
1,014 
2,007 

483 
1,196 
1,109 

923 
7,831 
1,372 
1,189 
1,120 
1,403 
2,040 
1,310 
2,416 
1,148 
1,562 

885 
1,542 
4,243 
1,548 

230 

325 

236 


951 
1,792 
1,636 
2,032 

196 
1,266 
3,444 
1,952 
1,008 
1,300 
1,448 
1,143 
1,224 
2,625 
1,288 
1,643 

931 
2,443 

967 
1,572 


1,787 

1,169 

1,967 

1,024 

1,875 

1,179 

1,943 

2,474 

475 

1,029 

1,837 

3,491 

2,666 

1,448 

1,784 

2,476 

1,677 

758 

961 

740 

954 

642 

2,140 

1,491 

1,511 

1,875 

2,022 

1,410 

796 

894 

626 

804 

745 

1,007 

732 

916 

936 

993 

735 

1,036 

834 

1,662 

140 

793 

647 

1,130 

1,669 

211 

725 

1,391 

1,536 

320 

894 

1,771 

357 

1,274 

1,680 

870 

9,234 

1,213 

1,089 

898 

1,270 

1,842 

1,407 

2,610 

1,539 

1,662 

998 

1,503 

4,276 

1,634 

345 

801 

672 

702 

1,062 

1,611 

1,469 

1,676 

413 

1,288 

3,947 

2,184 

1,346 

1,048 

1,438 

1,261 

1,009 

3,092 

1,070 

1,529 

884 

1,793 

1,011 

1,459 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  O 

Jefferson,  O 

Jefferson,  0» 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  O 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jeffersou,  O 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  Ore 

Jefferson,  Ore 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa. 

Jefferson,  Pa. , 

Jeffersou,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa , 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jeffersou,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jeffersou,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  S.C 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jefferson,  Tex 

Jefferson,  Va 

Jefferson,  Va 

Jefferson,  Va 

Jefferson,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  W.  Va. 

Jefferson,  W.  Va. 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jefferson,  Wis..„ 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jefferson  City,  Mo 

Jefferson  City,  Mont.... 
Jefferson  River,  Mont. 

Jeffersontown,  Ky 

Jeffersonville,  Ga. 

Jeffersonville,  111 

Jeffersonville,  Ind 

Jeffersonville,  Ind 

Jeffersonville,  Ky 

Jeffersonville,  Va 

Jeffersouville,  Va 

Jeffreys,  S.C 

Jellico,  Tenn 

Jellico,  Tenn 

Jellico  Creek,  Ky 

Jemes,  N.M 

Jemez,  N.M 

Jenifer,  Ala 

Jenkins,  Ga 

Jenkins,  Iowa 

Jenkins,  Ky ^ 

Jenkins,  Pa 

Jenkintown,  Pa 

Jenks,  Pa 

Jenner,  Pa 

Jennerstown,  Pa 

Jennie  Creek,  Ky 

Jennings,  Fla 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Kan 

Jennings,  La 

Jennings,  Mich 

Jennings,  0 

Jennings,  0 

Jenny  Lind,  Cal 

Jericho,  Ky 

Jericho,  Vt 

Jerico,  Mo 

Jermyn,  Pa 

Jernigan,  Ala. 

Jerome,  Ariz 

Jerome,  Kan 

Jerome,  Mich 

Jerome,  0 

Jerome  Park,  Col.- 

Jeromesville,  0 

Jerry  City,  O 

Jerry  Flat,  Ore. 

Jersey,  III 

Jersey,  0 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vlU 

civll-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

— Vtwp 

•town 
r™.-vin 
township 


poet-l 
po8t-1 
post-' 


township 


post' 
mag 
poet' 


•twp 
.-dist 
•town 


post-vill 


•bore' 
•prect 


post-1 

post-1, 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 


poet-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 


Madison. ..„ 

Mercer 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Preble 

Richland_„ 

Ross 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas 

Williams 

Marion 

Marion 

Alleghany.™ 

Berks 

Butler 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Greene 

Greene 

Lackawanna.... 

Mercer 

Somerset 

Washington 

York 

Chesterfield 

McCook 

Moody 

Union 

Union 

Marion 

Alexandria 

Culpeper 

Loudoun 

Kanawha 

Lincoln 

Nicholas 

Pleasants 

Green 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Vernon 

Cole 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Twiggs 

Wayne 

Clarke 

Clarke  

Montgomery.... 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Florence 

Campbell 

Scott 

Whitley 

Bernalillo 

Bernalillo 

Talladega 

Wilkes 

Mitchell 

Casey 

Luzerne 

Montgomery ... 

Forest 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Johnson 

Hamilton 

Crawford 

Fayette 

Owen 

Scott 

Decatur 

Calcasieu 

Missaukee 

Putnam. 

Van  Wert. 

Calaveras 

Henry 

Chittenden 

Cedar 

Lackawann*.... 

Russell 

Tavapai 

(}ove 

Midland 

Union 

Pitkin 

Ashland 

Wood 

Curry 

Jersey 

Licking.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,301 
2,406 
6,096 
1,230 
1,506 
2,244 
2,449 
1,060 

919 
1,258 
1,573 

669 


3,227 

1,072 

1,214 

369 

1,613 

967 

347 

790 

1,126 

80" 

979 

320 

1,761 


90 
3,260 
1,319 
2,262 
3,239 
2,615 
764 
820 
1,173 
1,437 
3,788 
2,115 
1,087 
1,284 
6,271 


243 
1,100 

238 

13,177 

9,367 

1,461 

4,508 

508 
2,627 


391 


830 


2,202 
810 
219 

1,725 
106 


2,306 

2,364 

846 

684 

1,346 

946 


1,443 
1,236 


1,438 
1,687 


1,541 
1,614 


339 
1,603 


314 

224 

213 

4,244 

1,348 

133 


1,967 

3,962 

7,001 

1,288 

1,297 

2,069 

2,312 

959 

1,008 

1,210 

1,398 

806 

307 

3,194 

969 

1,600 

319 

1,656 

922 

327 

696 

982 

866 

825 

374 

2,340 

252 

260 

690 

229 

3,072 

1,303 

2,264 

3,307 

3,270 

999 

991 

1,644 

1,278 

4,053 

2,287 

1,315 

1,400 

6,742 

209 

65 

348 

1,041 

266 

16,009 

10,666 

1,736 

6,815 

604 

2,366 

768 

548 

1,493 

272 

428 

323 

1,090 

860 

1,903 

2,320 

1,609 

1,752 

1,699 

95 

855 

779 

2,224 

731 

499 

1,142 

406 

412 

480 

1,741 

1,374 

1,468 

1,432 

1,461 

486 

2,660 

1,689 

250 

320 

609 

1,486 

132 

301 

630 

2.32 

4,346 

1,206 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OE   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jersey,  0 

Jersey  CSty,  N.J 

Jersey  Shore,  Pa 

Jerseyville,  III 

Jerusalem,  Ga 

Jerusalem,  N.Y , 

Jerusalem,  N.C„ 

Jerusalem,  0 

Jerusalem,  Va 

Jesse!,  Neb 

Jessenland,  Minn 

Jessup,  Pa 

Jesuit's  Bend,  La 

Jesup,  Ga 

Jesup,  Iowa 

Jetmore,  Kan 

Jewell,  Ga 

Jewell,  Iowa 

Jewell,  Ean „ 

Jewett,  111 

Jewett,  N.Y 

Jewett,  Tex 

J.  F.  Reeves,  Tenn 

Jim  Henry,  Mo .^ 

Joachin,  Mo 

Job,  Ky ..^ 

Job  Cabin,  N.C — 

Jobe,  Mo 

Jocko,  Mont 

Jo  Daviess,  Minn 

Johannisburg,  III 

John  Creek,  Ky„. ....... 

John  Day,  Ore 

John  Day,  Ore 

John  Day,  Ore 

John  Davis,  Ky 

John  Q.  Adams,  Ind.... 

JohQ  Kiver,  N.C „.. 

John's,  Iowa 

Johnsburg,  N.Y 

Joho's  Creek,  Ky 

John's  Hill,  Ky ^ 

Johnson,  Ala 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  111 

Johnson,  111 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Iowa 

Johnson,  Iowa 

Johnson,  Kan 

Johnson,  Kan 

Johnson,  Md 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Neb 

Johnson,  0 

Johnson,  S.C 

Johnson,  Utah 

Johnson,  Vt 

Johnson,  Ya 

Johnson,  Wis 

Johnson  &  Malone,  Ga, 

Johnsonburg,  Pa 

Johnson  City,  Tenn 

Johnson  Fork,  Ky 

Johnson's  Bayou,  La.... 
Johnson's  Creek,  Wis... 
Johnson's  Grove,'Tenn, 

Johnsonville,  Minn 

Johnsouville,  N.C 

John's  Pass,  Fla. 

Johnston,  Ga 

Johnston,  0 

Johnston,  R.I 

Johnston,  S.C 

Johnston,  Va , 

Johnston,  Wis 

134 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

city 

post-boro' 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-ward 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 


County. 


Licking 

Hudson 

Lycoming 

Jersey 

Pickens 

Yates 

Davie 

Monroe 

Southampton... 

Sheridan 

Sibley 

Susquehanna... 
Plaquemines  ... 

Wayne 

Buchanan 

Hodgeman 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Jewell 

Cumberland 

Greene 

Leon 

Obion 

Miller 

Jefferson 

McLean 

Wilkes 

Oregon 

Missoula 

Faribault 

Washington 

Floyd 

Clatsop 

Grant. 

Grant 

Martin 

Warren 

Caldwell 

Appanoose 

Warren 

Johnson 

Campbell 

De  Kalb 

Clay 

Little  River 

Logan 

Saint  Francis... 

Sharp 

Union 

Christian 

Clark 

Brown 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Gibson 

Knox 

La  Grange 

La  Porte 

Ripley 

Scott 

Plymouth 

Webster 

Ness 

Stanton 

Garrett 

Carter 

Macon 

Maries 

Oregon 

Polk 

Ripley 

Scotland 

Washington 

Nemaha 

Champaign 

Williamsburg... 

Kane 

Lamoille 

Scott 

Marathon 

Jasper 

Elk 

Washington 

Magoffin 

Cameron 

Jefferson 

Crockett 

Redwood 

Harnett 

Hillsborough.... 

Putnam 

Trumbull 

Providence 

Edgefield 

Shenandoah 

Polk 


Population. 


1880.   1890. 


128 

120,722 

1,411 

2,894 

914 
2,626 
1,678 

135 
2,739 


973 

762 


562 
669 


1,018 


372 
138 

1,075 
227 
548 
901 

2,858 

1,807 
706 

1,039 


372 


696 

76 

560 


638 
690 
964 
863 
2,742 
716 
747 


1,306 
546 


974 

350 

1,565 

1,084 

1,176 

926 

2,278 

323 

3,211 

1783 

1,564 

218 

2,495 

1,361 

390 

484 

170 


402 
516 
601 

1,364 
400 

1,278 
271 

1,230 
863 


2,479 
2,397 
87 
1,495 
2,276 


990 


685 
1,002 
591 
208 
744 
124 
586 


583 
790 

6,765 
463 

2,392 


158 

163,003 

1,863 

3,207 

602 

2,957 

1,577 

112 

3,142 

198 

871 

641 

243 

907 

673 

324 

980 

414 

702 

336 

976 

363 

1,044 

1,223 

5,208 

1,883 

856 

915 

932 

452 

990 

620 

104 

331 

211 

627 

792 

1,039 

887 

2,894 

947 

478 

653 

1,444 

809 

614 

1,239 

383 

1,999 

983 

1,206 

1,066 

1,588 

1,143 

3,134 

1,967 

1,468 

212 

2,041 

1,127 

666 

640 

247 

143 

576 

1,806 

478 

1,725 

494 

1,553 

326 

755 

968 

234 

2,572 

2,485 

63 

1,462 

2,762 

313 

814 

1,280 

4,161 

1,221 

367 

176 

725 

249 

722 

321 

662 

792 

9,778 

778 

2,401 

100 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Johnstown,  Mich 

Johnstown,  Neb» 

Johnstown,  N.Y 

Johnstown,  N.Y. 

Johnstown,  N.D 

Johnstown,  0 

Johnstown,  Pa 

Johnstown,  Wis 

Johnsville,  Fla 

Johnsville,  Md 

Joliet,  111 

Joliet,  111 

Joliet,  Neb 

Joliette,  N.D 

Jolla  Largo,  N.M 

Jonathan  Creek,  111 

Jonathan's  Creek,  N.C. 

Jones,  Ala 

Jones,  Ark 

Jones,  Iowa 

Jones,  N.D 

Jones,  Pa 

Jones  Bluff,  Ala 

Jonesboro,  Tex 

Jonesborough,  Ark 

Jonesborough,  Ark 

Jonesborough,  Ga 

Jonesborough,  Ga 

Jonesborough,  111 

Joneslx>rough,  Ind 

Jonesborough,  Me. 

Jonesborough,  N.C 

Jonesborough,  N.O 

Jonesborough,  Tenn.... 

Jonesburg,  Mo 

Jones's  Cove,  Tenn 

Jones  Creek,  Ga 

Jones  Creek,  Ga 

Jonesfleld,  Mich 

Jones'  Mills,  Ga 

Jonesport,  Me 

Jones  Stand,  Ky 

Jonestown,  Miss. 

Jonestown,  Pa 

Jonesville,  La 

Jonesville,  Mich 

Jonesville,  S.C 

Jonesville,  S.C 

Jonesville,  Va 

Joplin,  Mc 

Joplin,  Mo 

Jordan,  Ala 

Jordan,  111..-. 

Jordan,  Ind 

Jordan,  Ind 

Jordan,  Iowa 

Jordan,  Ac,  Ky 

Jordan,  Mich 

Jordan,  Minn 

Jordan,  Minn 

Jordan,  Mo 

Jordan,  N.Y 

Jordan,  Pa. 

Jordan,  Pa 

Jordan,  Pa 

Jordan,  Wis 

Jordan  River,  Miss 

Jordan  Valley,  Ore 

Joseph,  Ore 

Joseph,  Ore 

Joseph,  Utah 

Joshua,  111 

Josie,  Ala 

Josserand,  Tex 

Joyfield,  Mich 

Juab,  Utah 

Juan  Tafoya,  N.M 

Jubilee,  111 

Judkins,  N.C 

Judson,  Fla 

Judson,  Minn 

Judsouia,  Ark 

Jug,  Ga 

Juggernaut,  Ky 

Jug  Tavern,  Ga 

Julesburg,  Col 

Juliaetta,  Idaho 

Julian,  Cat 

Julien,  Iowa 

Jumping  Branch,W.Va 
Jumping  Branch.W.Va 

Jump  Off  Joe,  Ore 

Junction,  Col 

Junction,  Iowa 

Junction,  Kan 

Junction,  Mont... 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

district 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet-vill 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

beat 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil  .-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 


County. 


Barry 

Brown 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Grand  Forks.... 

Licking 

Cambria 

Rock 

Baker 

Frederick 

Will 

Will 

Platte 

Pembina 

San  Miguel 

Moultrie 

Haywood 

Tuscaloosa 

Greene 

Union 

Foster 

Elk 

Sumter 

Coryell , 

Craighead 

Craighead 

Clayton 

Clayton 

Union 

Grant 

Washington 

Moore 

Moore 

Washington 

Montgomery..,, 

Sevier 

Clinch 

Lumpkin 

Saginaw 

Meriwether 

Washington 

Webster 

Coahoma 

Lebanon 

Catahoula 

Hillsdale 

Union 

Union 

Lee 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Coosa 

Whiteside 

Jasper 

Warren 

Monona 

Carroll 

Antrim 

Fillmore 

Scott 

Ripley 

Onondaga 

Clearfield 

Lycoming 

Northumberl'd 

Green 

Hancock 

Malheur 

Wallowa 

Wallowa 

Sevier 

Fulton 

Pike 

Trinity 

Benzie 

Juab 

Valencia 

Peoria 

Warren 

Levy 

Blue  Earth 

White 

Upson 

Pulaski 

Walton 

Sedgwick 

Latah 

San  Diego 

Dubuque 

Mercer 

Summers 

Josephine... 

Jefferson 

Greene 


Yellowstone.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,169 


16,626 
5,013 


278 

8,380 

1,217 

522 

1,727 

16,149 

11,657 


1,081 
851 

1,134 
231 

1,096 


1,427 
2,458 


2,650 


3,427 

1,048 

2,009 

729 

556 

2,948 

372 

895 

446 

1,426 

253 


317 


1,663 

1,048 

147 

703 

90 

1,446 

2,138 

206 

4,061 

6,322 

7,038 

650 

1,208 

669 

610 

387 

1,269 

323 

661 

916 

289 

1,344 

685 

825 

973 

1.094 

809 


370 

1,138 

715 


872 
1,668 


651 

267 

1,595 


22,254 

729 

1,499 


1,687 
1,264 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Juuction,  Ore 

Jnnctiou,  Utah 

Junctiou,  Utah , 

Junction  Bar,  Idaho.... 

Junction  City,  Cal 

Junction  City,  111 

Junction  City,  Kan 

Junction  City,  Ky 

Junction  City,  0 

Junction  City,  Ore 

Junction  City,  Tex 

Juneau,  Alaska 

Juneau,  Wis 

June  Bug,  Ala 

Juniata,  Mich 

Juniata,  Neb 

Juniata,  Neb 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniper,  Ore 

Junius,  N.Y 

Jupiter,  Fla. 

Jupiter,  Minn 

Jurupa,  Cal 

Kabletown,  W.  Va 

Kadiak,  Alaska 

Kaguiak,  Alaska 

Kahlukhtughamute, 

Alaska 

Kahmute,  Alaska 

Kahoka,  Mo 

Kailwigamute,  Alaska 
Eakawaterka,  .\laska... 

Kakhonak,  Alaska 

Kakwaltoo,  Alaska 

Kakwok,  Alaska 

Kalama,  Wash 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 

Kalamazoo,  Neb 

Kalamo,  Mich 

Kalhonehagmute,  Alas. 

Kalida,  O 

Kalkaska,  Mich 

Kalkaska,  Mich 

Kalmar,  Minn 

Kalona,  Iowa 

Kaltkagamute,  Alaska 

Kalvesta,  Kan 

Kamas,  Utah 

Kampeska,  S.D 

Kampsville,  111 

Kanab,  Utah 

Kanab,  Utah 

Kanaganiute,  Alaska... 
Kanagamute,  Alaska... 

Kanakanak,  Alaska 

Kanaraazi,  Minn 

Kanarra,  Utah 

Kanatak,  Alaska 

Kanawha,  W.  Va. 

Kanawha,  W.  Va„ 

Kandiyohi,  Minn 

Kandota,  Minn 

Kane,  111 

Kane,  111 

Kane,  Iowa 

Kane,  Iowa 

Kane,  Pa 

Kane,  Utah 

Kauogmute,  Alaska 

Kanesville,  Utah 

Kaneville,  111 

Kangley,  111 

Kanikhluk,  Alaska. 

Kankakee,  111 

Kankakee,  111 

Kankakee,  Ind 

Kankakee,  Ind 

Kanopolis,  Kan 

Kanush,  Utah 

Kansas,  Ala 

Kansas,  Ga 

Kansas,  111 

Kansas,  III 

Kansas,  111 

Kansas  City,  Kan 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Kanulik,  Alaska 

Kanwaka,  Kan 

Kaolin,  Mo 

Kapioma,  Kan 

Karluk,  Alaska 

Karns  City,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
precinct 
post-prect 
precinct 


post 
post 
city 


■twp 
vlll 


post- town 


post- 


vill 
■prect 


post-town 
post- 


■vill 


post-Till 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

po8t-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

Tillage 

hamlet 

hamlet 

city 

village 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp  ■ 

post- twp 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-twp 

precinct 

hamlet 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

city 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

township 

village 

post-boro' 


County. 


Malheur ... 
Box  Elder.. 

Pi  Ute 

Elmore 

Trinity 

Gallatin 

Geary 

Boyle 

Perry 

Lane 

Kimble 


Dodge. 

Calhoun 

Tuscola 

Adams 

Adams 

Bedford 

Blair 

Huntingdon 

Perry 

Umatilla 

Seneca 

Dade 

Kittson 

San  Bernardino 
Jefferson 


Clark., 


Cowlitz 

Kalamazoo. c 
Kalamazoo.. 

Madison 

Eaton 


Putnam 

Kalkaska. 

Kalkaska 

Olmsted 

Washington.. 


Garfield 

Summit 

Codington.. 
Calhoun..,. 

Kane 

Kane 


Rock., 
Iron .. 


Braxton 

Fayette 

Kandiyohi 

Todd 

Greene 

Greene 

Benton 

Pottawattamie 

McKean 

Pi  Ute 


Weber..., 

Kane 

La  Salle.. 


Kankakee... 
Kankakee... 

Jasper 

La  Porte 

Ellsworth... 

Millard 

Etowah 

Carroll 

Edgar 

BMgar 

Woodford.... 
Wyandotte . 
Jackson 


Douglas... 

Iron 

Atchison . 


Butler  , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,684 
174 


1,007 


454 

966 

1,300 

1,440 

494 

1,437 

729 

438 

958 


1,356 


704 


129 

1,615 

11,937 


1,638 


404 
690 
496 


564 


79 
394 
394 


192 


1,814 

2,076 

658 

244 


408 

872 

18,063 


970 


6,782 

6,651 

288 

1,163 


666 
341 
502 

1,713 
723 
475 

3,200 
66,786 


919 

539 

1,306 


701 


83 

132 
126 
7 
403 
901 

4,502 
648 
394 
870 
449 

1,253 
701 

1,164 

1,157 

1,231 
528 

1,401 
684 
403 
938 
336 

1,134 
107 
242 
216 

2,062 
495 
112 

29 

40 

1,425 

157 

70 

28 

77 

45 

325 

2,293 

17,853 

571 

1,591 

45 

444 

1,542 

1,161 

763 

211 

29 

103 

458 

425 

172 

533 

409 

.35 

41 

53 

343 

282 

26 

2,468 

4,451 

807 

298 

1,766 

946 

21,474 

2,944 

138 

53 

248 

833 

9.-M 

73 

9,285 

9,025 

413 

1,166 

272 

536 

727 

1,056 

1,983 

1,037 

458 

38,316 

132,716 

64 

904 

608 

1,123 

1,123 

427 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Karthaus,  Pa 

Kashnnahmute,  Alas.. 

Kaskanak,  Alaska. 

Kaskaskia,  111 

Kaskaskia,  III 

Kasota,  Minn 

Kasota,  Miun 

Kassan,  Alaska 

Kassiachamute,  Alaska 

Kassilof,  Alaska 

Kassou,  Mich 

Kasson,Minn 

Katmai,  Alaska 

Katonah,  N.Y 

Kaufman,  Tex 

Kaukauna,  Wis 

Kaukauna,  Wis 

Kavalonab,  Alaska 

Kavanaugb,  Ky 

Kaviaghamute,  Alaska 

Kaw,  Kan 

Kaw,  Kan 

Kaw,  Mo 

Kaweah,  Cal 

Kawkawlin,  Mich 

Kaysville,  Utah 

Kaysville,  Utah 

Kearney,  Kan 

Kearney,  Mich 

Kearney,  Mo 

Kearney,  Mo 

Kearney,  Neb 

Kearney,  Neb 

Kearney,  N.J 

Keatchie,  La 

Keating,  Pa 

Keating,  Pa 

Keaton,  Ark 

Keavyamute,  Alaska.... 

Kechi,  Kan 

Kedron,  Iowa 

Keedysville,  Md 

Keedysville,  Md 

Keeler,  Mich 

Keene,  III 

Keene,  Ky 

Keene,  Ky 

Keene,  Mich 

Keene,  Minn 

Keene,  N.H 

Keene,  N.Y 

Keene,  O 

Keener,  Ind 

Keeseville,  N.Y 

Keevil,  Ark 

Keg  Creek,  Iowa 

Keithsburg,  III 

Keithsburg,  111 

Kellerton,  Iowa 

Kelley,  Mo 

Kelley's  Island,  0 

Kellis'  Store,  Miss 

Kellogg,  Idaho 

Kellogg,  Iowa 

Kellogg,  Iowa 

Kellogg,  Minn 

Kellogg.  S.D 

Kelly,  111 

Kelly,  Ky 

Kelly,  Mo. 

Kelly,  Mo 

Kelly,  N.M 

Kelly,  Pa 

Kelly  Creek,  Ala 

Kellyville,  Tex 

Kelsey,  Cal 

Kelsey,  Ga 

Kelseyville,  Cal 

Kelso,  Ind , 

Kelso,  Mian 

Kelso,  Mo 

Kelso,  Neb 

Kelso,  N.D 

Kelso,  Wash.. 

Kelton,  Utoh 

Kemp,  Ga 

Kemp,  Tex 

Kemper,  Ky 

KempsTille,  Va. 

Kempton,  111 

Kempville,  Ala 

Kenni,  Alaska 

Kenansville,  N.C , 

Kenansville,  N.C , 

Kendall,  III 

Kendall,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-twp 

village 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

hamlet 

village 

post-twp 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

hamlet 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

poBt-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-beat 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

village 

township 

poflt-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Clearfield.. 


Fayette.... 
Bandolph.. 
Le  Sueur.. 
Le  Sueur.., 


Leelanaw... 
Dodge 


Westchester.. 

Kaufman 

Outagamie.... 
Outagamie.... 


Jackson.. 


Jefferson 

Wabaunsee.. 

Jackson 

Tulare , 

Bay 

Davis 

Davis 

Kearney 

Antrim 

Clay 

Clay , 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Hudson 

De  Soto 

McKean 

Potter 

Arkansas 


Sedgwick 

Woodbury 

Washington 

Washington 

Van  Buren 

Adams 

Jessamine 

Jessamine 

Ionia 

Clay 

Cheshire 

Essex 

Coshocton 

Jasper 

Essex 

Monroe , 

Pottawattamie 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Ringgold 

Ripley , 

Erie 

Kemper 

Shoshone 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Wabasha 

Beadle 

Warren 

Christian 

Carter 

Cooper 

Socorro 

Union 

Shelby 

Marion 

El  Dorado 

Monroe 

Lake 

Dearborn.^ 

Sibley 

Scott 

Howard 

Traill 

Cowlitz 

Box  Elder 

Houston 

Kaufman 

Laurel 

Princess  Anne.. 

Ford 

Monroe 


Duplin 

Duplin 

Kendall.... 
Hamilton . 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


618 


916 
1,213 
1,071 

166 


489 
1,064 


490 

1,401 

834 


892 


838 

594 

58,343 


1,118 
1,430 
1,187 


306 

2,667 

464 


1,782 
777 
316 

2,974 
204 

1,016 


617 

373 
1,205 

389 
1,153 
1,378 
2,046 

458 
1,284 


6,784 
910 
839 
341 

2,181 


692 
1,278 
942 
169 
496 
888 
2,585 


1,605 
772 
221 


1,135 


107 
1,631 


1,041 
490 


438 
796 


1,875 
716 

1,101 
570 


183 
1,673 


372 

3,277 

114 


2,861 

876 

1.446 


1.368 

232 

66 

931 

862 

1,038 

655 

47 

60 

117 

568 

992 

132 

524 

1,282 

1,728 

4,667 

13 

1,173 

59 

785 

701 

132,716 

4,068 

1,249 

1,088 

648 

178 

437 

2,533 

588 

8,074 

8,074 

7,064 

326 

2,877 

382 

1,610 

97 

932 

927 

1,127 

420 

1,114 

1,280 

2,403 

500 

1,024 

199 

7,446 

1,258 

783 

492 

2,103 

339 

712 

1,747 

1,484 

277 

796 

1,156 

2,972 

324 

1,398 

700 

?360 

131 

882 

769 

330 

1,932 

351 

1,108 

722 

279 

376 

683 

282 

1,441 

1,033 

1,118 

1,088 

243 

364 

77 

1,678 

336 

279 

3,193 

201 

1,169 

264 

2,350 

291 

1,322 

248 


185 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF    1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kendall,  Kan 

Kendall,  Kan 

Kendall,  N.Y 

Kendall,  Pa , 

Kendall,  Wis 

Kendall,  Wis 

Kendallville,  Ind 

Kendrick,  Iowa 

Kendricks,  Ga 

Kenduakeag,  Me 

Kenesaw,  Neb , 

Kengugmute,  Alaska.. 

Kenka,  Neb 

Kenly,  N.C 

Kennacbananagha- 

mute,  Alaska 

Kennan,  Wis 

Kennebec,  Iowa 

Kennebec,  Neb 

Keunebunk,  Me 

Kennebunkport,  Me.., 

Kennedy,  Neb 

Kennedy,  N.Y 

Kennedyville,  Md , 

Kennemer,  Ala 

Kenner,  La 

Kenneaaw,  Ga 

Kenneth,  Kan 

Kennett,  Mo , 

Kennett,  Pa , 

Kennett  Square,  Pa.. . 

Kenney,  Ga 

Keuney,  111 

Kennison,  N.D 

Kenockee,  Mich 

Kenoma,  Mo 

Kenosha,  Wis 

Kensett,  Ark 

Kensett,  Iowa.. 

Kensington,  N.H 

Kensington,  N.D 

Kent,  Conn 

Kent,  111 , 

Kent,  Ind 

Kent,  Md 

Kent,  Neb , 

Kent,  N.Y , 

Kent,  0 

Kent,  S.D 

Kent,  Wash 

Kent  Island,  Md 

Kentland,  Ind 

Kentmere,  Del 

Kenton,  Del 

Kenton,  Del 

Kenton,  0 

Kenton,  Tenn 

Kenton,  Tenn 

Keutontown,  Ky 

Kent  Prairie,  Wash... 

Kentucky,  Ark 

Kentucky,  Ark 

Kentucky,  Ark 

Kentucky,  Kan 

Kentucky,  W.  Va 

Kenwood,  Iowa 

Kenyon,  Minn 

Kenyon,  Minn 

Keokuk,  Iowa 

Keokuk,  Iowa 

Keosauqua,  Iowa 

Keota,  Col 

Keota,  Iowa 

Keowee,  S.O. 

Kerbyville,  Ore 

Kerkhoven,  Minn 

Kernersville,  N.C 

KernersTille,  N.C 

Kerr,  111 

Kerr's  Creek,  Va 

Kerrtowu,  Pa 

Kerrvine,Tex 

Kerton,  111 

Kertsonville,  Minn.... 

Kessler,  Mont 

Kester,  Col 

Ketchum,  Idaho 

Ketchum,  Idaho 

Kettle  Creek,  Ky 

Kettle  River,  Minn..., 

Kewanee,  111 

Kewanee,  111 , 

Kewanna,  Ind 

Kewaskum,  Wis 

Kewaskum,  Wis 

Kewaunee,  Wis 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

post-town 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-town 

illage 
post-twp 
township 
precinct 
post-town 
post-town 
post-prect 
post-vlU 
district 
precinct 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-boro' 
mil.-dist 
post-vill 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
city 

post-twp 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
district 
post-prect 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
district 
post-town 
post-town 
hundred 
post-vill 
city 

civil-dist 
post-vlU 
post-prect 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
village 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
township 
post-town 
precinct 
post-town 
post-twp 
precinct 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
township 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
township 
precinct 
post-prect 
precinct 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
city 


County. 


Hamilton . 
Kearney .. 
Orleans .... 
McKean.... 
Lafayette... 
Monroe...., 

Noble 

Greene 

Decatur..... 
Penobscot.. 
Adams 


Wheeler.., 
Johnston. 


Price , 

Monona 

Dawson 

York , 

York , 

Cherry 

Chautauqua. 

Kent , 

Marshall 

Jefferson 

Cobb 

Sheridan , 

Dunklin 

Chester 

Chester 

Clarke , 

De  Witt 

La  Moure , 

Saint  Clair..., 

Barton 

Kenosha 

White 

Worth 

Rockingham 

Walsh 

Litchfield.... 
Stephenson.. 

Warren 

Prince  George's 

Loup 

Putnam , 

Portage , 

Edmunds 

King 

Queen  Anne's. 

Newton , 

New  Castle.... 

Kent 

Kent.y 

Hardin 

Obion 

Obion 

Robertson 

Snohomish 

Madison 

Saline.. .......... 

White 

Jefferson 

Nicholas 

Linn 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Lee 

Wapello 

Van  Buren.... 

Weld 

Keokuk 

Oconee 

Josephine 

Swift 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Champaign.... 
Rockbridge.... 

Crawford 

Kerr 

Fulton 

Polk 

Lewis  <Sc  Clarke 

Park 

Alturas 

Alturas 

Cumberland, 

Pine 

Henry 

Henry 

Fulton 

Washington, 
Washington. 
Kewaunee... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,893 

2,689 

849 

282 

2,373 

813 


650 
738 


463 


2,852 
2,405 


417 
3,191 
671 
970 
244 


171 
1,247 
1,021 


419 


1,591 


6,039 
516 
562 
614 


1,622 

1,214 

728 

1,533 


1,361 
3,309 


2,137 

982 


2,817 
197 

3,940 

1,489 
298 

1,137 


665 
1,566 
1,199 


1,042 


12,117 
654 
883 


710 

1,848 

380 

440 

1,435 

685 

426 

2,661 


156 


1,275 
161 

4,207 

2,704 
288 

1,436 
471 

1,050 


67 

186 

1,775 

1,937 

754 

304 

2,960 

770 

401 

536 

668 

54 

228 

137 

181 

96 

637 

380 

3,172 

2,196 

91 

514 

3,008 
613 
963 
168 
379 
302 

1,185 

1,326 
661 
497 
107 

1,202 
92 

6,632 
639 
689 
647 

1,029 

1,383 

1,058 
629 

1,563 
288 

1,147 

3,601 
164 
863 

2,230 
918 
392 

2,886 
241 

6,657 

1,628 
395 
922 
614 
936 
441 
7.30 

1,560 

1,360 
136 
796 
666 
14,101 
640 
831 
77 
777 

2,179 
460 
638 

1,889 
900 
366 

2,757 
677 

1,044 
534 
250 
291 
145 
465 
450 
?  1,200 
377 

5,988 

4,569 

647 

1,572 

557 

1,216 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Keya  Paha,  Neb 

Keyport,  N.J.„ 

Keysburg,  Ky 

Keyser,  Ind 

Keyser,  N.C 

Keyser,  W.  Va 

Keystone,  Kan 

Keystone,  Minn 

Keystone,  Neb 

Keystone  Park,  Fla.... 

Keysville,  Fla 

Keysville,  Kan 

Keytesville,  Mo 

Keytesville,  Mo 

Key  West,  Fla 

Key  West,  Kan 

Kezar,  Col 

Kiantone,  N.Y 

Kibbey,  Mont 

Kichikan,  Alaska 

Kickapoo,  111 

Kickapoo,  Kan 

Kickapoo,  Wis 

Kidder,  Mo 

Kidder,  Mo 

Kidder,  Pa 

Kidder,  S.D 

Kiddville,  Ky 

Kiel,  Wis 

Kiester,  Minn 

Kikikhtagmute,  Alas.. 
Kikiktowrik,  Alaska.. 

Kilboru,  S.D 

Kilbourn,  111 

Kllbourn  City,  Wis 

Kilbuck,  Pa 

Kildare,  Minn 

Kildare,  Tex 

Kildare,  Wis „.. 

Kilfoil,  Neb 

Kilgore,  Tex 

Kilkenny,  Minn 

Kilkenny,  Minn 

Kill  Buck,  0 

Kill  Creek,  Kan 

Killeen,  Tex 

Killgore,  Ark 

Killiugly,  Conn 

Killingworth,  Conn 

Killisnoo,  Alaska 

Killude,  Alaska 

Kilmer,  Neb 

Kilough,  Ala. 

Kilow,  Ga 

Kimball,  Mich 

KimbHil,  Minn 

Kimball,  Neb 

Kimball,  Neb 

Kimball,  S.D 

Kimball,  S.D 

Kimberly,  Minn 

Kimbolton,  0 

Kimbrough,  Ala 

Kimbrough,  Ark 

Kimeo,  Kan 

Kimmell,  Pa 

Kimmons,  Ala 

Kimmswick,  Mo 

Kimshew,  Cal 

Kiucaid,  III 

Kincaid,  Kan 

Kinder,  Mo 

Kinderbook,  Ga 

Kinderhook,  111 

Kinderbook,  Mich 

Kinderhook,  N.Y 

Kinderbook,  N.Y 

Kinderhook,  Va 

Kinegnagamute,  Alas.. 
Kinegnagmute,  Alaska 

King,  Ark 

King,  III 

King,  Iowa 

King,  Minn 

King,  Mo 

King,  Pa 

Kingahee,  Alaska... 

King  City,  Cal 

King  City,  Kan 

King  City,  Mo 

Kingdom,  Ala 

Kingery,  Kan 

Kingfield,  Me 

Kingfisher,  Okla.... 

Kingman,  Ariz 

Kingman,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

poet-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

hamlet 

poBt-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

poet-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-hmlt 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

pr«cinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Keya  Paha 

Monmouth 

Logan 

De  Kalb 

Moore 

Mineral 

Scott 

Polk 

Dawson 

Hillsborough.. 
Hillsborough., 

Pawnee 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Monroe 

Coffey 

Gunnison 

Chautauqua... 
Cascade 


Peoria 

Leavenworth. 

Vernon 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Carbon 

Day 

Clark 

Manitowoc... 
Faribault 


Grant 

Mason 

Columbia... 
Alleghany. 

Swift 

Cass 

Juneau 

Custer 

Gregg 

Le  Sueur... 
Le  Sueur... 

Holmes 

Osborne 

Bell 

Clay 

Windham... 
Middlesex.. 


Lincoln 

Montgomery.... 

Dawson 

Saint  Clair... 

Jackson 

Kimball 

Kimball 

Brule 

Brule 

Aitkin 

Guernsey 

Marion 

Lincoln 

Washington 

Bedford 

Coffee 

Jefferson 

Butte 

Jackson 

Anderson 

Cape  Girardeau 

Putnam 

Pike 

Branch 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Washington. 


Johnson 

Christian..... 
Winnebago.. 

Polk 

Oregon 

Bedford 


Monterey.... 
McPherson. 

Gentry 

Bibb 

Thomas 

Franklin 

Kingfisher.. 

Mohave 

Kingman... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,175 

2,258 


1,693 


3,337 
737 

9,890 
614 


613 


1,417 

2,772 
1,233 
1,119 
260 
1,207 


1,513 
363 
123 


845 

945 

1,432 

666 


667 


1,375 
379 


1,303 
6,921 

748 


2,305 
236 

1,429 
239 


863 


1,465 
814 


973 
656 

1,504 
704 

4,200 


3,829 


1,032 


1,168 


467 

196 

1,536 


454 


136 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kingman,  Kan 

Kingmau,  Me 

Kingman,  Minn 

King  Prairie,  Mo 

King  River,  Ark 

King  Kiver,  Ark 

Kings,  Ala 

Kings,  8.C 

Kings,  Tenn 

Kingsliurg,  Cal 

Kingsburg,  Neb 

Kingsbury,  N.Y 

King's  Creek,  N.C 

King's  Ferry,  Fla 

Kingsland,  Ark 

Kingsley,  Iowa 

Kingsley,  Ore 

Kingsley,  Pa 

King's  Mountain,  N.C 
King's  Mountain,  N.C. 
King's  Mountain,  S.C... 

Kingston,  Ga 

Kingston,  Ga 

Kingston,  Ga 

Kingston,  Idaho 

Kingston,  111 

Kingston,  111 

Kingston,  Mass 

Kingston,  Mich 

Kingston,  Minn 

Kingston,  Mo 

Kingston,  Mo 

Kingston,  Mo 

Kingston,  N.H 

Kingston,  N.M 

Kingston,  N.M 

Kingston,  N.Y 

Kingston,  N.Y 

Kingston,  N.D 

Kingston,  0 

Kingston,  0 

Kingston,  Pa 

Kingston,  Pa, 

Kingston,  Tex 

Kingston,  Wis 

Kingston,  Wis 

Kingstree,  S.C 

King's  Valley,  Ore 

Kingsville,  Ky 

Kingsville,  Mo 

Kingsville,  Mo 

Kingsville,  0 

Kingwood,  N.J 

Kingwood,  W.  Va 

Kinik,  Alaska 

Kinloss,  N.D 

Kinmundy,  111 

Kinmundy,  111 

Kinnickinnick,  Wis 

Kinsley,  Kan 

Kinsley,  Kan 

Kinsman,  111 

Kinsman,  0 

Kinston,  N.C 

Kinston,  N.C 

Kintire,  Minn 

Kinuyak,  Alaska 

Kinyon,  N.D 

Kinzua,  Pa 

Kiokee,  Ga 

Kiowa,  Col „ 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kiowa,  Neb 

Kiowa,  Neb 

Kirby,  Ala 

Klrby,  N.C 

Kirby,  O 

Kirby,  S.C 

Kirby,  Vt 

Kirby  Mills,  Ala 

Kirkland,  111 

Kirkland,  Ind 

Kirkland,  N.Y 

Kirklin,  Ind 

Kirklin,  Ind 

Kirkmansville,  Ky 
Kirkmansville,  Ky 
Kirksville,  Ky, 
Kirksville,  Mo..., 
Kirkville,  Iowa., 
Kirkwood,  111.... 
Kirkwood,  Mo... 
Kirkwood,  Neb.., 
Kirkwood,  N.Y.. 

10 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

P08t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

village 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 


County. 


Kingman 

Penobscot 

Kenville 

Barry 

Carroll 

Madison 

Dallas 

Williamsburg.. 

Trousdale 

Fresno 

Stanton 

Washington.... 

Caldwell 

Nassau 

Cleveland 

Plymouth 

Wasco 

Forest. 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

York 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Morgan 

Shoshone 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Plymouth 

Tuscola. 

Meeker 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Washington.... 
Rockingham... 

Sierra 

Sierra 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Sargent 

Delaware 

Ross 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Hunt 

Green  Lake 

Juneau 

Williamsburg.. 

Benton 

Lincoln 

Johnson 

Johnson.. 

Ashtabula 

Hunterdon 

Preston 


Walsh 

Marion 

Marion 

St.  Croix... 
Edwards... 
Edwards... 
Grundy.... 
Trumbull.. 

Lenoir 

Lenoir 

Redwood.. 


Warren 

Columbia 

Arapahoe 

Barber 

Barber 

Kiowa.. 

Scotts  Bluff..... 

Thayer 

Marshall 

Northampton.. 

Wyandot 

Marion 

Caledonia 

Jackson 

De  Kalb 

Adams 

Oneida 

Clinton , 

Clinton 

Todd 

Todd 

Madison 

Adair 

Wapello 

Warren , 

St.  Louis , 

Rock , 

Broome 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


646 

78 

1,317 

410 
1,270 

903 
2,842 

165 
88 

179 
4,614 

683 

187 


460 
2,069 

337 
2,674 
1,908 

483 

481 


1,188 
138 

1,624 
650 
865 

1,509 
470 

1,266 

1,080 


1,093 
18,344 


662 

442 

5,878 

1,418 


825 
111 
384 
804 


1,100 

174 

1,621 

1,694 

2,027 


1,941 
1,096 

778 
1,032 

457 


1,224 

2,778 

1,216 

71 


413 
42 


387 
984 

2,722 
294 

1,678 


793 
4, 
1,713 

252 

1,195 

75 

2,368 

2,314 

280 
1,079 
1,280 


1,344 


2,390 

671 

132 

1,144 

828 

1,568 

1,473 

3,253 

78 

291 

573 

4,677 

961 

260 

464 

649 

397 

779 

2,327 

429 

3,451 

1,778 

559 

478 

158 

1,214 

295 

1,669 

1,110 

1,165 

1,386 

465 

1,123 

1,120 

816 

633 

651 

21,261 

311 

573 

751 

3,809 

2,381 

338 

816 

211 

539 

325 

414 

1,090 

317 

1,712 

1,424 

2,315 

160 

135 

1,735 

1,045 

614 

1,080 

771 

129 

1,331 

2,985 

1,726 

2.\3 

61 

310 

941 

1,558 

93 

993 

893 

76 

277 

474 

1,079 

2,924 

139 

1,812 

366 

707 

410 

1,094 

4,852 

2,219 

550 

1,800 

las 

2,837 

3,610 
714 
949 

1,777 
4;« 

1,119 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kirkwood,  0 

Kirtland,  0 

Kirwin,  Kan 

Kirwin,  Kan 

Kiskiminitas,  Pa 

Kissimmee  City,  Fla.... 
Kissimmee  City,  Fla. ... 

Kitchafoonee,  Ga 

Kitchen,  Ky 

Kite,  Ga 

Kittauning,  Pa 

Kittanning,  Pa 

Kittery,  Me 

Kittrell,  N.C 

Kittrell,  N.C 

Kivichakh,  Alaska 

Klacking,  Mich 

Klakwau,  Alaska 

Klamath,  Cal 

Klamath,  Cal 

Klamath  Lake,  Ore 

Klawock,  Alaska 

Kl-cbangamute,  Alaska 

Klickitat,  Wash 

Kline,  Pa 

Klinqnan,  Alaska 

Klukukhu,  Alaska 

Klutagmute,  Alaska.... 

Knapp,  Wis 

Knapp,  Wis 

Knappa,  Ore 

Kniest,  Iowa 

Knife  Falls,  Minn 

Knight,  Ind 

Knight,  Wis 

Knight  Mill,  Ala 

Knight  Prairie,  111 

Knight's  Landing,  Cal. 

Knightstown,  Ind 

Knightsville,  Ind. 

Knight  Valley,  Cal 

Knob,  N.C 

Knob  Creek,  N.C 

Knobnoster,  Mo 

Knobview,  Mo 

Knottsville,  Ky 

Knottsville,  Ky 

Knottsville,  W.  Va 

Knowles,  Neb 

Knowlton,  N.J 

Knowlton,  Wis 

Knox,  Cal 

Knox,  111 

Knox,  Ind 

Knox,  Ind 

Knox,  Iowa 

Knox,  Iowa 

Knox,  Me 

Knox,  N.Y 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  O 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  Pa 

Knox,  Pa 

Knox,  Pa 

Knox  City,  Mo 

Knox  Hill,  Fla. 

Knoxville,  Ala 

Knoxville,  Ga 

Knoxville,  111 

Knoxville,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Md 

Knoxville,  Miss 

Knoxville,  Mo 

Knoxville,  Mo 

Knoxville,  Pa 

Knoxville,  Pa 

Knoxville,  Tenn 

Knute,  Minn 

Koch,  Ky 

Koc  1 1  logtopagamu  te, 

Alaska 

Kochville,  Mich 

Koenig,  Ala 

Koeppell  Store,  Ala 

Koggiung,  Alaska 

Koittokaket,  Alaska 

Kokomo,  Col 

Kokomo,  Ind 

Kolmakovsky,  Alaska.. 
Koosliarem,  Utah.... 

Root,  Alaska 

Koot  River,  Alaska. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

township 

precinct 

city 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

village 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

poBt-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

borough 

post-boro' 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

hamlet 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

village 

hamlet 

post-prect 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

village 

hamlet 


Conntj. 


Belmont 

Lake 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Armstrong.. 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Marion 

Hopkins 

Johnson 

Armstrong. 
Armstrong . 

York 

Vance 

Vance 


Ogemaw. 


Del  Norte.. 
Humboldt.. 
Klamath.... 


Lewis 

SchuylkiU. 


Dunn 

Jackson 

Clatsop , 

Carroll 

Carlton , 

Vanderburg...., 

Ashland , 

Elmore , 

Hamilton 

Yolo 

Henry 

Clay 

Sonoma 

Yadkin 

Cleveland 

Johnson 

Crawford 

Daviess , 

Daviess.- , 

Taylor 

Frontier , 

Warren... , 

Marathon , 

Napa.„ , 

Knox , 

Jay 

Starke , 

Clarke 

Pottawattamie 

Waldo 

Albany 

Columbiana 

Guernsey , 

Holmes , 

Jefferson 

Vinton , 

Clarion , 

CIenrfield„ , 

Jefferson 

Knox 

Walton 

Greene , 

Crawford 

Knox 

Marion 

Marion 

Frederick , 

Franklin 

Ray 

Ray 

Alleghany , 

Tioga 

Knox , 

Polk 

Kenton , 


Saginaw 

Cullman .... 
Tuscaloosa . 


Summit- 
Howard.. 


PiUte. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,028 

984 

1,421 

807 
1.698 


1,819 
4,308 
402 
1,681 
2,624 
3,230 
2,836 


470 


191 
1,143 


1,636 


299 
801 


632 


367 

1,670 

958 

230 

1,616 

759 

689 

693 

2,624 

157 


1,476 
379 
851 

2,579 
840 
316 
903 

2,344 
862 

1,694 

2,240 
964 

1,005 

2,011 
947 
767 
788 

1,011 
234 
552 
849 


1,600 

.5,728 

2,677 

265 


2,301 

88 

393 

459 

9,693 


1,9 


1,768 
227 


4,042 


l,8fiO 

909 
1,180 

689 
2,463 
1,494 
1,086 

992 
4,798 

926 
1,393 
3,095 
2,864 
3,066 

317 
37 

291 

326 

263 

792 
59 

287 
49 

434 

3,068 

27 

IS 

21 

48U 
1,005 

381 

821 

50 

1,604 

639 

474 
1,580 

287 
1,867 
1,148 

418 
1,619 
1,074 

851 

580 
2,670 

216 
1,228 

605 
1,411 

333 

719 
2,677 

966 

790 

703 
2,331 

657 
1,411 
2,034 
1,008 

989 
2,193 
1,069 

888 

810 
1,360 

288 

616 
1,187 

680 
1,728 
6,616 
2,632 

319 

91 

2,268 

81 

1,723 

679 
22,536 

566 
1,902 

20 
863 
896 
66T 
133 

24 

192 

8,261 

26 
232 
117 

74 


137 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Korovinsky,  Matika, 

Kortright,  N.Y 

Kosciusko,  Miss 

Kosciusko,  Miss 

Kosh,  Ala 

Koshigin,  Alaska. 

Koshkonong,  Wis 

Kosse,  Tex 

Kossuth,  Me 

Kossuth,  Miss 

Kossuth,  Wis 

Koster,  Ala 

Kotlik,  Alaska 

Kountze,  Tex 

Koylton,  Mich 

Koyukuk,  Alaska 

Kozer,  S.C 

Kozerevsky,  Alaska 

Kragero,  Minn 

Kragnes,  Minn 

Krain,  Minn 

Krakow,  Mich 

Kranzburg,  S.D 

Kremmling,  Col 

Kronenwetter,  Wis 

Kuskobkagamute,  Alas 

Kustatan,  Alaska 

Kuttawa,  Ky 

Kutztown,  Pa 

Kwichampingagamute, 

Alaska. 

Kwigamnte,  Alaska..... 
Kyktoltowtin,  Alaska.. 

Kyle,  Tex 

Kyle  Spring,  Ala 

Kymulga,  Ala 

Labadieville,  La 

La  Bajada,  N.M 

La  Belle,  Mo 

La  Belle,  Mo 

Labette,  Kan 

Labish,  Ore 

La  Camas,  Wash 

Lacey,  Kan 

Lacey,  N.J 

Lack,  Pa ^ 

Lackawanna,  Pa 

Lackawannock,  Fa...... 

Lackawazen,  Pa 

Laclede,  111 

Laclede,  Mo 

Lacon,  111 

Lacon,  111 

Lacona,  Iowa 

Lacona,  N.Y 

La  Concepcion,  N.M.... 

Laconia,  Ind 

Laconia,  N.H 

La  Conner,  Wash 

La  Costa,  Fla 

Lac-<jui-Parle,  Minn.... 

La  CYescent,  Minn 

La  Crosse,  Ark 

La  Crosse,  Ga. 

La  Crosse,  Kan 

La  Crosse,  Kan 

La  Crosse,  Minn 

La  Crosse,  Wis 

La  Cuesta,  N.M 

La  Cueva,  N.M 

Lacy,  Ala 

La  Cygne,  Kan 

Laddonia,  Mo 

Ladies  Spring,  Ky 

Ladiga,  Ala 

Ladoga,  Ind 

Ladonia,  Tex 

Ladora,  Iowa 

Ladore,  Col 

Ladore,  Kan 

La  Due,  Mo 

Lady  Lake,  Fla 

Laenna,  111 

Lafave,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ala 

Lafayette,  Ala 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Col 

Lafayette,  Col 

Lafayette,  Ga. 

Lafayette,  Ga 

Lafayette,  111 

Lafayette,  111 

138 


Bank  of 
place. 


hamlet 

post-town 

beat 

post-vill 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-Till 

township 

village 

township 

Tillage 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

village 

hamlet 

post-town 

post-boro' 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

jwst-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 


County. 


Delaware.. 

Attala. 

Attala 

Jackson.... 


Jefferson 

Limestone 

Washington.. 

Alcorn 

Manitowoc..., 
Mobile 


Hardin... 
Tuscola.„ 


Colleton., 


Chippewa-.... 

Clay 

Steams 

Presque  Isle.. 

Codington 

Grand 

Marathon 


Lyon.. 
Berks.. 


Hays 

Jackson 

Talladega. 

Assumption 

Santa  F6 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Labette. 

Marion 

Clarke 

Thomas 

Ocean 

Jnniata. 

Lackawanna.... 

Mercer 

Pike 

Fayette 

Linn 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Warren 

Oswego 

San  Miguel 

Harrison 

Belknap 

Skagit 

Lee 

Lac-qui-PsrIe.. 

Houston 

Izard 

Schley 

Rush 

Bush 

Jackson 

La  Crosse 

San  Miguel 

Mora 

Sumter 

Linn 

Audrain 

Lyon 

Calhoun 

Montgomery.... 

Fannin 

Iowa 

Routt 

Neosho 

Henry 

Lake 

Logan 

Scott 

Chambers 

Chambers 

Crawford 

Lonoke 

Ouachita 

Scott 

Boulder 

Boulder., 

Walker 

Walker 

Coles 

Ogle 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,730 
4,230 
1,126 


3,406 

476 

122 

132 

2,168 

1,392 


919 
'i',496 
""379 


214 

242 


294 
1,178 


1,724 
216 


1,746 
340 
626 
415 


814 
1,439 
5,821 
1,092 
1,588 
1,209 

694 
2,214 
1,814 

282 

378 


112 
3,790 


460 

844 

1,412 

1,415 

531 


373 
14,605 


1,558 
835 


1,193 
809 
928 
223 
211 


1,055 
140 


1,090 

454 

2,712 

1,061 

1,614 

182 

1,181 

971 


1,249 
207 

1,162 
384 


41 

1,588 

4,968 

1,394 

943 

46 

3,782 

647 

68 

165 

1,973 

1,195 

31 

295 

1,069 

174 

1,683 

131 

880 

249 

734 

385 

465 

49 

264 

115 

45 

587 

1,596 

26 
43 

23 
779 
703 

1,701 

408 

99 

2,201 
702 
773 
485 
417 
185 
711 

1,221 

8,061 
937 

1,547 

1,451 
688 

2,035 

1,649 
301 
333 
217 
133 

6,143 

398 

3 

497 

793 

1,091 

1,442 
727 
513 
464 
26,090 
462 
483 

1,569 

1,136 
520 

1,544 
631 
857 
765 
224 
64 

1,046 
236 
487 
964 
589 

3,047 

1,369 
952 
744 

1,552 
564 
521 
410 

1,685 
377 

1,276 
338 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lafayette,  111 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Kan 

Lafayette,  Kan 

Lafayette,  Ky 

Lafayette,  Ky 

Lafayette,  Ky 

Lafayette,  La 

Lafayette,  Mich 

Lafayette,  Minn 

Lafayette,  Mo 

Lafayette,  Neb 

Lafayette,  N.J 

Lafayette,  N.Y 

Lafayette,  O 

Lafayette,  0 

Lafayette,  Ore 

Lafayette,  Ore 

Lafayette,  Pa 

Lafayette,  Tenn 

Lafayette,  W.  Va 

Lafayette,  Wis 

Lafayette,  Wis 

Lafayette,  Wis 

Lafferty,  Ark 

Laflin,  Pa 

Lagarto,  Tex 

Lagoon  (I),  Alaska 

Lagoon  (2),  Alaska 

La  Grand,  Minn 

La  Grande,  Ore 

La  Gninde,  Ore 

La  Grange,  Ark 

La  Grange,  Ark, 

La  Grange,  Col 

La  Grange,  Ga. 

La  Grange,  Ga 

La  Grange,  111 

La  Grange,  111 

La  Grange,  Ind 

La  Grange,  Iowa 

La  Grange,  Ky 

La  Grange,  Ky 

La  Grange,  Me 

La  Grange,  Mich 

La  Grange,  Mo 

La  Grange,  N.Y 

La  Grange,  N.C 

La  Grange,  0 

La  Grange,  0 

La  Grange,  Tenn 

La  Grange,  Tex 

La  Grange,  Wis 

La  Grange,  Wis 

La  Grange  Iron  Works, 

Tenn 

La  Gro,  Ind 

La  Gro,  Ind 

Lagrue,  Ark 

Laguna  Proper,  N.M... 
Laguna  Pueblo,  N.M... 

La  Harpe,  111 

La  Harpe,  111 

Laing,  Kan 

Laingsburg,  Mich 

Laird,  Col 

Laird,  Mich 

Laird,  Neb 

Laird,  Neb 

La  Isle,  Col 

La  Jara,  Col 

La  Joya,  N.M 

La  Junta,  Col 

La  Junta,  N.M 

Lake,  Ark 

Lake,  Ark 

Lake,  Ark 

Lake,  Cal 

Lake,  Cal 

Lake,  111 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

city 

township 

poBt-viJl 

post-prect 

poet-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Stark 

Allen 

Floyd 

Madison 

Owen 

Tippecanoe... 
Allamakee  ... 

Bremer ..., 

Keokuk 

Story 

Chautauqua.. 

Stevens 

Christian 

Christian 

Metcalfe 

Lafayette 

Gratiot 

Nicollet 

Clinton 

Nemaha 

Sussex 

Onondaga 

Coshocton 

Medina 

Yam  Hill 

Yam  Hill 

McKean 

Macon 

Pleasants 

Chippewa. 

Monroe 

Walworth 

Izard 

Luzerne 

Live  Oak 


Douglas 

Union 

Union 

Lafayette... 

Lee 

Weld 

Troup 

Troup 

Bond 

Cook 

La  Grange. 
Harrison.... 

Oldham 

Oldham 

Penobscot. . 

Cass 

Lewis 

Dutchess.... 

Lenoir 

Lorain 

Lorain..».... 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Monroe , 

Walworth.., 


Stewart , 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Arkansas 

Valencia 

Valencia 

Hancock , 

Hancock 

Bawlins 

Shiawassee.... 

Yuma 

Houghton 

Frontier 

Phelps 

Conejos 

Conejos , 

Socorro 

Otero 

San  Miguel... 

Greene 

NeTada 

Phillips , 

San  Diego 

Siskiyou 

Clinton 

Allen 

Kosciusko 

Newton 

Cerro  Gordo., 

Clay 

Humboldt..... 

Monona 

Muscatine 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


265 
1,425 
1,660 
1,626 

955 

14,860 

1,161 

750 
1,986 
1,145 

817 


2,556 

970 

2,547 


1,005 

904 

1,645 

1,072 

781 

2,160 

1,018 

1,105 

863 

396 

1,266 


836 
1,903 

402 
1,028 

607 


209 
836 


2,960 
153 


4,136 
2,295 


531 

1,367 

630 

2,060 

490 

721 

2,032 

1,336 

1,745 

522 

1,429 

611 

277 

1,325 

839 

921 

1,107 

4,248 
600 
900 


968 

"ei'e 


967 
1,667 


681 

1,338 

1,382 

693 

699 


101 
332 
703 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Kan 

Lake,  Kan 

Lake,  Kan 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Mich , 

Lake,  Minn , 

Lake,  Mo 

Lake,  Mo 

Lake,  Neb , 

Lake,  Neb , 

Lake,  Neb 

Lake,  Neb 

Lake,  N.D 

Lake,  N.D 

Lake,  N.D 

Lake,  0 

Lake,  0 

Lake,  0 

Lake,  0 

Lake,  Ore 

Lake,  Pa , 

Lake,  Pa. , 

Lake,  Pa 

Lake,  S  C 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  Wash 

Lake,  Wash 

Lake,  Wash , 

Lake,  Wis 

Lake,  Wis 

Lake  Andrew,  Minn... 

Lake  Basin,  Mont 

Lake  Bay,  Alaska 

Lake  Bay,  Wash 

Lake  Belt,  Minn , 

Lake  Benton,  Minn.... 
Lake  Benton,  Minn.... 

Lake  Butler,  Fla - 

Lake  Bynn,  S.D 

Lake  Charles,  La 

Lake  Charles,  La 

Lake  City,  Ark 

Lake  City,  Cal 

Lake  City,  Col 

Lake  City,  Fla 

Lake  City,  111 

Lake  City,  Iowa 

Lake  City,  Kan 

Lake  City,  Mich 

Lake  City,  Minn 

Lake  Creek,  III 

Lake  Creek,  Iowa 

Lake  Creek,  Mo 

Lake  Creek,  N.C 

Lake  Creek,  Ore 

Lake  Crystal,  Minn 

Lake  Elizabeth,  Miifn 

Lake  Eunice,  Minn 

Lakefleld,  Mich 

Lakofiekl,  Mich 

Lakefield,  Minn 

Lake  Forest,  III 

Lake  Fork,  111 

Lake  Fremont,  Minn., 

Lake  Geneva,  Wis 

Lake  George,  Minn 

Lake  George,  S.D 

Lake  Gulch,  Col 

Lake  Hanska,  Minn... 
Lake  Hendricks,  S.D.. 

Lake  Henry,  Minn 

Lake  Ida,  Minn 

Lake  Johanna,  Minn.. 

Lakeland,  Fla 

Lakeland,  Minn 

Lakeland,  Minn 

Lakeland,  Neb 

Lake  Landing,  N.C... 
Lake  Lillian,  Minn.... 
Lake  Marshall, Minn. 

Lake  Mary,  Minn 

Lake  Milligan,  111 

Lake  Mills,  Iowa 

Lake  Mills,  Wis 

Lake  Mills,  Wis 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

ward 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

{)ost-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Pocahontas.. 

Wright 

Harper 

Harvey 

Scott , 

Benzie 

Berrien 

Huron 

Lake 

Mecosta 

Missaukee... 

Wabasha 

Buchanan.... 

Vernon 

Boxbutte 

Hall 

Holt 

Phelps 

Cass 

Nelson 

Ramsey 

Ashland 

Logan 

Sterk 

Wood 

Coos 

Luzerne 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Williamsburg... 

Clark 

Codington ... 
McPherson.. 

Roberts 

Spink 

Sully 

Asotin 

Snohomish  „ 

Whatcom 

Milwaukee.. 

Price 

Kandiyohi... 
Yellowstone. 


Pierce 

Martin 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Bradford 

Beadle... 

Calcasieu 

Calcasieu 

Craighead 

Modoc 

Hinsdale 

Columbia 

Moultrie 

Calhoun 

Barber 

Missaukee.... 

Wabasha 

Williamson... 

Calhoun 

Pettis 

Bladen 

Lane 

Blue  Earth... 
Kandiyohi.... 

Becker 

Luce 

Saginaw 

Jackson 

Lake 

Logan 

Martin 

Walworth 

Steams 

Charles  Mix.. 

Douglas 

Brown 

Brookings..... 

Stearns 

Norman 

Pope 

Polk 

Washington.. 
Washington- 
Brown 

Hyde 

Kandiyohi.... 

Lyon 

Douglas 

Alexander..., 
Winnebago... 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 


Population. 


1880.      1-890. 


121 
144 

260 
375 


42 

1,247 

275 

90 


446 
316 
692 


4,640 

2,177 

2,207 

69 

863 

638 

1,234 

1,272 


5,430 
""435 


119 

369 

184 

1,511 


2,821 
838 


949 
'i,379 


249 

504 

61 

2,596 

2,233 

208 

565 

853 


483 
250 
260 


193 


877 
431 
165 
1,969 
186 


336 


346 
125 
263 


732 
303 


3,043 
283 
265 

60 

414 

1,568 

671 


490 
376 
502 
476 
122 
170 

1,618 
333 
69 
391 
636 
393 
212 
815 

1,666 

424 

238 

676 

89 

82 

1,083 
862 

4,921 

2,164 

2,131 
221 

1,144 
885 

1,189 

1,595 
281 
123 
845 
410 
207 
61 
134 
126 
82 

4,899 
409 
509 
139 
31 
124 
388 
236 
613 

1,678 
152 

5,771 

3,442 
655 
972 
607 

2,020 
115 

1,160 
189 
663 

2,128 

2,272 
488 
625 
770 
80 
824 
473 
479 
159 
543 
276 

1,203 
438 
343 

2,297 
457 
221 
149 
742 
348 
648 
371 
368 
562 
880 
523 
159 

3,434 
677 
233 
506 
357 
604 

2,107 

1,053 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lake  Odessa,  Mich.. 
Lake  Park,  Minn..., 
Lake  Park,  Minn..., 
Lake  Peigneur,  La., 
Lake  Pleasant,  Minn... 
Lake  Pleasant,  N.Y. 

Lake  Point,  Utah 

Lakeport,  Cal 

Lakeport,  Iowa 

Lake  Prairie,  Iowa., 
Lake  Prairie,  Minn. 
Lake  Preston,  S.D.... 
Lake  Providence,  La... 

Lakes,  &c..  Col 

Lakes,  Md 

Lake  Sarah,  Minn 

Lake  Shore,  Minn..... 

Lake  Shore,  Utah 

Lakeside,  Cal 

Lakeside,  Col 

Lakeside,  Minn 

Lakeside,  Minn 

Lakeside,  Neb 

Lake  Sinai,  S.D 

Lake  Springs,  Ky 

Lake  Stay,  Minn 

Lake  Tapps,  Wash.... 

Laketon,  Ind 

Laketon,  Mich 

Laketon,  S.D 

Laketown,  Mich 

Laketown,  Minn 

Laketown,  Utah 

Laketown,  Wis 

Lake  Valley,  Cal 

Lake  Valley,  Minn.... 

Lake  Valley,  N.M 

Lakeview,  Fla 

Lake  View,  Iowa 

Lakeview,  Mich 

Lakeview,  Minn 

Lakeview,  N.D 

Lakeview,  Ore 

Lake  View,  S.D 

Lakeview,  Utah 

Lakeview,  Utah 

Lake  View,  Wash 

Lake  View,  Wash 

Lake  Village,  Alaska 
Lake  Village,  Alaska... 

Lake  Village,  La 

Lakeville,  Iowa , 

Lakeville,  Mass , 

Lakeville,  Minn 

Lakeville,  Minn 

Lakeville,  N.D 

Lake  Worth,  Fla 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakota,  N.D 

Lakota,  N.D 

La  Liendre,  N.M 

La  Luz,  N.M 

Lamar,  Ala 

Lamar,  Ark 

Lamar,  Ark 

Lamar,  Col 

Lamar,  Col 

Lamar,  Mo 

Lamar,  Mo 

Lamar,  Neb 

Lamar,  Pa 

Lamard,  111 

Lamartine,  Ark 

Lamartine,  Wis 

Lamasco,  Ky 

Lamasco,  Ky 

Lamb,  Ga 

Lambert,  Minn 

Lamberton,  Minn..., 
Lamberton,  Minn.... 
Lambertville,  N.J.... 

Lames,  Ala 

La  Mesa,  N.M 

Ija  Mine,  Mo 

Lamoille,  111 

Lamoille,  111 

Lamoine,  Me 

Lamont,  &c.,  Kan.... 

Lamont,  Wis 

Lamonte,  Mo 

Lamonte,  Mo 

Lamotte,  111 

La  Motte,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

ward 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

district 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post- Till 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 


Conuty. 


Ionia. 

Becker 

Becker 

Vermilion..., 

Polk 

Hamilton 

Tooele 

Lake 

Woodbury. ., 

Marion 

Nicollet 

Kingsbury  ., 
East  Carroll. 

Eagle 

Dorchester .. 

Murray 

Lac-qol-Parle... 

Utah 

San  Diego.... 

Summit 

Cottonwood. 
St.  Louis.... 

Sheridan 

Brookings.... 

Simpson 

Lincoln 

Pierce 

Wabash 

Muskegon.. 
Brookings... 

Allegan 

Carver........ 

Rich 

Polk 

El  Dorado... 
Traverse.... 

Sierra 

Osceola 

Sac 

Montcalm.... 

Becker 

La  Moure.. . 

Lake 

Lake 

Tooele 

Utah 

Pierce 

Pierce 


Natchitoches .. 

Dickinson 

Plymouth 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Grand  Forks... 

Dade 

Barton 

Harvey 

Kearney 

Kearney 

Nelson 

Nelson 

San  Miguel 

Donna  Ana 

Randolph 

Madison 

Tell 

Prowers 

Prowers 

Barton 

Barton 

Chase 

Clinton 

Wayne 

Columbia 

Fond  da  Lac... 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Washington.... 

Polk 

Redwood 

Redwood 

Hunterdon 

Morgan 

Donna  Ana..... 

Cooper.... 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Lafayette 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Crawford 

Jackson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,331 
164 
343 


662 

436 

3,714 

1,241 


1,583 
217 
349 


367 


1,010 
172 


206 
918 


910 

1,056 

269 

461 

71 


699 
179 


27 

114 

1,008 

802 

168 


1,216 
454 


1,332 
861 


2,209 
907 


1,524 
1,301 


1,378 

1,701 

49 

1,821 


224 

149 

4,183 


1,193 

1,391 

488 

749 


1,263 
396 

1,888 
161 

189 


638 
913 
349 

1,889 
345 
416 
206 
991 
749 

4,621 

1,110 
337 
642 
379 

1,493 
314 
718 
390 
160 
88 
396 
897 
78 
435 
972 
229 
226 
528 

2,204 
361 
905 

1,007 
321 
668 
268 
379 
868 
262 
366 

1,024 

318 

82 

775 

2,068 
140 
376 
439 
266 
3 
136 
468 
146 
935 
701 
258 
308 
244 

1,603 
621 
620 
258 
392 
227 
388 
459 

1,772 
941 
601 

1,087 
566 

4,412 

2,860 
328 

1,393 

1,327 

1,919 

1,232 

1,343 
186 

1,397 
401 
350 
202 

4,142 
599 
436 

1,146 

1,312 
616 
726 
370 
616 

1,433 
638 

2,229 
164 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Kanie  of  place  and 
state. 


Lamotte,  Mich 

La  Moure,  N.D 

La  Moure,  N.D 

Lamourie,  La 

Lampasas,  Tex 

Lampton,  N.D 

Lamj',  &c.,  N.M 

Lanark,  111 

Lanark,  Kan 

Lanark,  Wis 

Lancaster,  Ark 

Lancaster,  III 

Lancaster,  III 

Lancaster,  Ind 

Lancaster,  Ind 

Lancaster,  Ind 

Lancaster,  Iowa 

Lancaster,  Kan 

Lancaster,  Mass 

Lancaster,  Mo 

Lancaster,  Neb 

Lancaster,  N.H 

Lancaster,  N.Y 

Lancaster,  N.Y 

Lancaster,  0 

Lancaster,  Pa 

Lancaster,  Pa 

Lancaster,  Pa 

Lancaster,  S.C 

Lancaster,  Tex 

Lancaster,  Wis 

Lancaster,  Wis 

Land,  Minn 

Landafif,  N.H 

Lander,  Wy 

Landgrove,  Vt 

Landingville,  Pa 

Landis,  N.J 

Landisburg,  Pa 

Landsford,  S.C 

Lane,  Ind 

Lane,  Kan 

Lane,  Kan 

Lane,  Ky 

Lane,  Ore 

Lane  Park,  Fla 

Lanesborough,  Mass. ... 
Lanesborougb,  Minn... 

Lanesborough,  N.C 

Lanesborough,  Pa 

Lanesburg,  Minn 

Lane's  Creek,  N.C 

Lanesvill«,  111 

Lanesville,  Ind 

Laneville,  Ala 

Langfion,  Kan 

Langdon,  N.H 

Laiigdon,  N.D 

Langdon,  N.D 

Langford,  Col 

Langford,  Col 

Langford,  S.D 

Langhei,  Minn 

Langhorne,  Pa 

Langlade,  Wis 

Langley,  Kan 

Langley,  S.C 

Langola,  Minn 

Langston,  &c.,  Ala 

Langston,  Fla 

L'Anguille,  Ark 

L'Anguille,  Ark 

Lanier,  Ala 

Lanier.  0 

Lansdale,  Pa 

Lansdowne,  Pa 

L'Anse,  Mich 

L'Anse,  Mich 

Lansford,  Pa 

Lansing,  Col 

Lansing,  Iowa 

Lansing,  Iowa 

Lansing,  Kan 

Lansing,  Mich 

Lansing,  Mich , 

Lansing,  Minn , 

Lansing,  N.Y 

Lansing,  S.D 

Lansingburg,  N.Y 

Lansingbnrg,  N.Y 

Laona,  111 

Lapascong,  N.J 

Lapeer,  Mich 

Lapeer,  Mich 

Lapeer,  N.Y 

Lapile,  Ark 

140 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

ward 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

city 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Sanilac 

La  Moure , 

La  Moure , 

Rapides 

Lampasas 

Walsh 

Santa  Fe 

Carroll 

Rooks. 

Portage 

Crawford 

Stephenson 

Wabash 

Huntington.... 

Jefferson 

Wells 

Keokuk 

Atchison 

Worcester 

Schuyler 

Lancaster 

Coos 

Erie 

Erie 

Fairfield 

Butler 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Dallas. 

Granr 

Grant 

Grant 

Grafton 

Fremont , 

Bennington 

Schuylkill 

Cumberland.. ., 

Perry 

Chester 

Warrick 

Greenwood 

Smith 

Hancock 

Lane 

Lake 

Berkshire 

Fillmore 

Anson 

Susquehanna.. 

Le  Sueur 

Union 

Sangamon 

Harrison 

Hale 

Reno 

Sullivan 

Cavalier 

Cavalier 

Boulder 

Boulder , 

Marshall , 

Pope ...., 

Bucks 

Langlade 

Ellsworth 

Aiken , 

Benton , 

Jackson 

Liberty , 

Phillips , 

Saint  Francis. 

Madison 

Preble 

Montgomery. . 
Delaware 


Baraga 

Carbon 

Arapahoe 

Allamakee 

Allamakee 

Leavenworth.. 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Mower 

Tompkins 

Brown 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

Winnebago.... 

Warren 

Lapeer. 

Lapeer 

Cortland 

Union 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


3,689 
653 


1,198 


663 


1,172 

1,002 

1,782 

1,307 

1,806 

1,306 

1,321 

2,008 

528 

667 

2,721 

3,944 

1,602 

6,803 

1,070 

1,261 

26,769 

681 

497 

2,810 

1,069 

213 

506 

193 

246 

712 

3,486 

336 

2,646 

1,165 

394 


1,286 

1,032 

2,041 

348 

1,637 

2,508 

763 

280 

2,600 

565 

364 


297 
658 
368 


800 
312 


91 

2,438 
327 


1,909 
798 


1,184 
1,014 
2,206 


2,723 
1,811 

933 
1,209 
8,319 

652 
3,000 


7,759 

7,432 

742 

1,591 

1,168 

2,911 

757 

967 


649 

173 

309 

4,031 

2,408 

519 

370 

1,295 

271 

797 

486 

1,070 

933 

1,811 

1,272 

2,a30 

1,221 

1,665 

2,201 

811 

1,397 

3,373 

3,962 

1,692 

7,555 

946 

1,177 

32,011 

1,094 

741 

3,289 

1,543 

714 

499 

525 

220 

316 

3,855 

418 

2,967 

1,242 

710 

628 

912 

64 

109 

1,018 

898 

2,087 

876 

1,374 

2,568 

809 

277 

2,931 

456 

305 

642 

291 

436 

233 

198 

512 

727 

153 

290 

671 

785 

1,299 

173 

2,171 

668 

1,024 

1,824 

1,858 

875 

1,468 

655 

4,004 

362 

2,450 

1,668 

1,468 

1,422 

13,102 

710 

2,505 

132 

10,871 

10,550 

664 

1,738 

957 

2,763 

685 

1,536 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


La  Place,  Ala 

La  Plata,  Mo 

La  Plata,  Mo 

La  Plata,  N.M 

La  Platte,  Neb 

La  Plume,  Pa 

La  Porte,  Cal 

La  Porte,  Col 

La  Porte,  Ind 

La  Porte,  Pa 

La  Porte,  Pa 

La  Porte  City,  Iowa, 

La  Prairie,  111 

La  Prairie,  111 

La  Prairie,  Wis 

Laramie,  Col 

Laramie,  Wyo 

Larch  wood,  Iowa..,.. 

Laredo,  Tex 

Largo,  N.M 

Larimer,  Pa 

Larimore,  N.D 

Larimore,  N.D 

Larkin,  Fla 

Larkin,  Mich 

Larkin,  Minn 

Larkinsburg,  111 

Larkinsville,  Ala 

Larkinsville,  Ala 

Larkspur,  Col 

Larned,  Kan 

Lamed,  Kan 

La  Roche,  S.D 

Larrabee,  Kan 

Larrabee,  Neb 

Larrabee,  N.D 

Larrabee,  Wis 

Larue,  O 

La  Salle,  111 

La  Salle,  III. 

La  Salle,  Mich 

Las  Animas,  Col 

La  Sauses,  Col 

Las  Colonias,  N.M... 

Las  Cruces,  N.M 

Las  Cruces,  N.M 

Las  Gillinas,  N.M.... 

Las  Mulos,  N.M 

Las  Nutrias,  N.M.... 
Las  Palomas,  N.M... 
LasPlacitas,  N.M.... 

Lassen,  Cal 

Las  Tablas,  N.M 

Laston,  Ga 

Las  Truchas,  N.M.... 

Las  Vegas,  N.M 

Latah,  Wash 

Latham,  111 

Latham,  Kan 

Lathamville,  Ala 

Lathrop,  Cal 

Lathrop,  Mo 

Lathrop,  Mo 

Lathrop,  Pa 

Latimore,  Pa 

Latona,  N.D 

Latrobe,  Pa 

Lattimer,  Pa 

Latty,  O 

Latty,0 

Lauderdale,  Ala 

Lauderdale,  Miss 

Lauderdale,  Sta'n,  Miss 

Laughery,  Ind 

La  Union,  N.M 

Lauramie,  Ind 

Laurel,  Del 

Laurel,  Ind 

Laurel,  Ky 

Laurel,  Md 

Laurel,  Md 

Laurel,  Miss 

Laurel,  Mont 

Laurel,  N.C 

Laurel,  O 

Laurel  Cr«ek,  N.C 

Laurel  Fork,  Va 

Laurel  Hill,  N.C 

Laurel  Hill,  W.  Va 

Laurel  Run,  Pa 

Laurelville,  O 

Laurence  Mill,  Tenn.... 

Laurens,  Iowa 

Laurens,  N.Y 

Laurens,  N.Y 

Laurens,  S.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-precl 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

poet-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

beat 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post  tvirp 

precinct 

district 

post-vill 

post-beat 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

borough 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Macon 

Macon 

Macon 

San  Juan 

Sarpy 

Lackawanna.... 

Plumas 

Larimer 

La  Porte 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Black  Hawk.... 

Adams 

Marshall 

Rock 

Larimer 

Albany 

Lyon 

Webb 

San  Juan 

Somerset 

Grand  Forks.... 
Grand  Forks.... 

Liberty 

Midland. 

Nobles 

Clay 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Charles  Mix 

Gove 

Sheridan 

Foster 

Waupaca 

Marion 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Monroe 

Bent 

Conejos 

Guadalonpe. 

Donna  Ana 

Donna  Ana 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel...... 

Socorro 

Sierra 

Bernalillo 

Tehama 

Lincoln 

Bulloch  _ 

Rio  Arriba 

San  Miguel 

Spokane 

Logan 

Butler 

De  Kalb 

San  Joaquin.... 

Clinton „ 

Clinton 

Susquehanna.... 

Adams 

Walsh 

Westmoreland.. 

Luzerne.....*. 

Paulding 

Paulding 

Coosa 

Lauderdale 

Lauderdale 

Ripley 

Donna  Ana. 

Tippecanoe 

Sussex 

Franklin 

Lewis 

Prince  George's 
Prince  George's 

Jones 

Yellowstone 

Ashe 

Hocking 

Watauga 

Carroll 

Richmond.... 

Lincoln 

Luzerne 

Hocking 

Hamilton 

Pocahontas.. 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Laurens.  .„... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,289 
529 


389 
"274 


6,195 
672 
192 

1,006 
233 

1,206 
819 


2,696 

43 

3,521 


146 

210 

46 

1,179 


1,842 
1,066 


812 
614 

8,987 

7,847 

1,506 

52 


579 


2,283 

746 

l,a54 

1,283 


1,815 

784 
609 


3,580 

266 

1,930 


2,381 
1,022 
1,865 
761 
1,714 
1,206 
1,297 


772 
1,292 

887 
3,331 
2,487 

633 


1,827 

252 

4,587 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISION'S  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lanrens  C.-H.,  S.C 

Lanrinburg,  N.C 

Lausanne,  Pa 

Lavaca,  Neb 

La  Valle,  Wis 

LaValle.Wis 

La  Valley,  8.D 

Lave  Creek,  Ark 

La  Vegnita,  N.M 

La  Ventana,  N.M 

La  Veta,  Col 

La  Veta,  Co) 

Lavonia,  6a 

Lawler,  Iowa 

Lawn,  Kan 

Lawn,  Neb 

Lawndale,  111 

Lawnridge,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Ala 

Lawrence,  Ark 

Lawrence,  Ga 

Lawrence,  111 

Lawrence,  Ind 

Lawrence,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Mass 

Lawrence,  Mich 

Lawrence,  Mich 

Lawrence,  Minn 

Lawrence,  N.J 

Lawrence,  N.J 

Lawrence,  N.Y 

Lawrence,  N.Y 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  O 

Lawrence,  Pa 

Lawrence,  Pa 

Lawrence,  Utah 

Lawrence,  Wis 

Lawrence,  Wis 

Lawrenceburg,  Ind 

Lawrenceburg,  Ind 

Lawrenceburg,  Ky 

Lawrenceburg,  Ky 

Lawrenceburg,  Tenn... 

Lawrence  Cove,  Ala 

Lawrenceville,  Ala 

Lawrenceville,  Ga 

Lawrenceville,  Ga 

Lawrenceville,  111 

Lawrenceville,  Pa 

Lawrenceville,  Va 

Laws,  Neb 

Laws,  S.C 

Lawson,  Col 

Lawson,  Md 

Lawson,  Mo 

Lawtey,  Fla. 

Lawton,  Mich 

Lawton,  S.C 

Lawtonville,  Ga 

Lay,  Col 

Lay,  Neb 

Layton,  Iowa 

Layton,  Utah 

Laytonsville,  Md 

Lazearville,  W.  Va 

Lazenby,  Ga 

Leaches,  Ga 

Leaches,  Ky 

Leacock,  Pa 

Lead,  S.D 

Lead  Hill,  Ark 

Lead  Mines,  Va 

Leadsville,  W.  Va 

Leadville,  Col 

Leaf  Lake,  Minn 

Leaf  Mountain,  Minn.. 

Leaf  River,  111 

Leaf  Kiver,  111 

Leaf  River,  Minn 

Leaf  Valley,  Minn 

Leakesville,  Miss 

Leaksville,  N.C 

Leaksville,  N.C 

Leaksville  Cotton  Mills, 

N.C 

Leamington,  Utah... 

Leard,  Ark 

Learned,  Miss 

Leary's,  Ga 

Leasburg,  N.C 

Leatherwood,  Ky 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

poet-beat 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 


County. 


Laurens 

Richmond 

Carbon 

Cherry 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Lincoln 

Sharp 

Socorro 

Bernalillo 

Huerfano 

Huerfano 

Franklin 

Chickasaw 

Harper 

Boxbutte 

McLean 

Cheyenne 

Lamar 

Lawrence 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Cloud 

Douglas 

Osborne 

Essex 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Grant 

Cumberland 

Mercer 

Queens 

Saint  Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Tioga 

Emery 

Brown 

Chippewa 

Dearborn 

Dearborn 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Lawrence 

Morgan 

Henry 

Gwinnett 

Gwinnett 

Lawrence 

Tioga 

Brunswick 

Frontier 

Williamsburg... 

Clear  Creek 

Somerset 

Bay 

Bradford 

Van  Buren 

Hampton 

Burke 

Routt 

Rock 

Pottawattamie 

Davis 

Montgomery.... 

Brooke 

Jasper 

Gilmer 

Bullitt 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Boone 

Wythe 

Randolph 

Lake 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Wadena. 

Douglas 

Greene 

Rockingham.... 
Rockingham... 

Rockingham  ... 

Millard 

Clark 

Hinds 

Calhoun 

Caswell 

Adair 


Population, 


1880.      1890. 


752 

908 

1,421 


1,364 
300 


166 

72 
487 


977 


501 
1,709 
2,579 

512 
8,510 

510 

39,151 

1,999 

550 
79 


3,174 


2,483 
1,788 
4,351 
1,723 
2,335 
2,233 
1,168 


837 


5,859 

4,6fi8 

3,080 

638 

503 


1,551 
1,862 
463 
514 
426 
238 


1,295 


1,721 
223 
588 
747 

4,605 
247 


1,486 


2,419 

68 

538 

396 

1,325 

2,142 

1,437 

253 

2,415 

966 

14,820 

159 

289 

1,247 


323 
413 
455 
2,354 
582 


.304 
1,647 
1,498 


2,246 

1,367 

136 

607 

1,367 

333 

329 

336 

124 

464 

1,071 

361 

283 

464 

419 

688 

946 

238 

805 

859 

404 

1.826 

2,367 

823 

9,997 

411 

44,654 

1,779 

664 

120 

1,729 

1,448 

626 

2,037 

1,957 

4,146 

1,715 

1,799 

2,773 

1,017 

107 

949 

272 

5,517 

4,284 

3,701 

1,382 

618 

623 

1,283 

2,171 

566 

865 

441 

305 

336 

2,225 

465 

1,850 

520 

1,098 

788 

4,719 

112 

22 

107 

1,499 

809 

1,959 

317 

452 

425 

1,289 

2,196 

2,681 

333 

4,114 

1,913 

10,384 

640 

623 

1,479 

339 

321 

614 

684 

2,965 

726 

315 
169 
346 
119 
267 
1,364 
1,648 


Name  of  plac«  and 
state. 


Leatherwood,  Ky 

Leatherwood,  Va 

Leavenworth,  Ind.... 
Leavenworth,  Kan... 
Leavenworth,  Minn.. 
Leavenworth,  S C... 

Leavltt,  Mich 

Lebanon,  Ala 

Lebanon,  Ark 

Lebanon,  Conn 

Lebanon,  111 

Lebanon,  111 

Lebanon,  Ind 

Lebanon,  Kan 

Lebanon,  Ky 

Lebanon,  Ky 

Lebanon,  Me 

Lebanon,  Mich 

Lebanon,  Minn , 

Lebanon,  Mo 

Lebanon,  Mo 

Lebanon,  Mo 

Lebanon,  Neb 

Lebanon,  N.H 

Lebanon,  N.J 

Lebanon,  N.Y 

Lebanon,  N.C 

Lebanon,  0 

Lebanon,  O 

Lebanon,  Ore 

Lebanon,  Ore 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Lebanon,  Tenn 

Lebanon,  Va 

Lebanon,  Va 

Lebanon,  Wis 

Lebanon,  Wis 

Lebo,  Kan 

Le  Boeuf,  La 

Leboeuf,  Pa 

Lecanto,  Fla 

Le  Claire,  Iowa 

Le  Claire,  Iowa 

Lecompton,  Kan 

Lecompton,  Kan 

Ledyard,  Conn 

Ledyard,  N.Y 

Lee,  Ala 

!,  Ark 

,  .Ark 

,  Ark. 

,  Ark 

,  Ark 

,  Cal 

,  111 

,  111 

,  111 

,  111 

,  Iowa. 

,  Iowa 

,  Iowa 

, Iowa 

,  Iowa 

I,  Ac,  Ky 

,  Ky 

.,  Me 

,  Mass. 

,  Mich 

i,  Mich 

!,  Mich 

,  Minn 

,  Mo 

,  N.H 

,  NY. 

,  N.C 

,  N.D 

,  0 

,  0 

,  0 

,  Va 

,  Va 

,  Va 

,  Va 

,  W.  Va 

,  W.  Va. 

Lee  Centre,  111 

Leech,  111 

Leechburg,  Pa 

Lee  Creek,  Ark 

Lee  Creek,  Ark 

Leeds,  Ala 

Leeds,  Me 

Leeds,  Minn 

Leeds,  N.D 

Leeds,  Utah 


Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee. 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee. 
Lee, 
Lee. 
Lee. 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee 
Lee 
Lee 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 
Lee, 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
post-town 
city 

P08t-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

ward 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

"""it-twp 

r-Jt-twp 

township 


township 


mag. 
mag 
mag. 
mag. 
mag 
mag. 
post 


■dist 
-dist 
.-dist 
.-dist 
.-dist 
'dist 
wp 


townsh 


post- 
tow 


ip 
•bom' 


nsliip 

township 
— '-town 


■town 


post 
post ._ . 
townwh 
post-twp 
precinct 


County. 


Perry 

Henry 

Crawford 

Leavenworth. 

Brown 

Darlington 

Oceana 

De  Kalb 

Sharp 

New  London. 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Boone 

Smith 

Marion , 

Marion „.. 

York 

Clinton 

Dakota , 

Cooper.. 

Laclede 

Laclede , 

Red  Willow... 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Madison , 

Durham , 

Meigs 

Warren 

Linn 

Linn 

Lebanon  

Wayne 

Wilson 

Russell 

Russell 

Dodge 

Waupaca 

Coffey 

Cameron , 

Erie , 

Citrus 

Scott , 

Scott , 

Douglas 

Douglas 

New  London. 

Cayuga 

Fayette 

Boone 

Cleveland , 

Garland , 

Johnson 

Pope 

Sacramento...., 

Brown , 

De  Kalb 

Fulton 

Lee 

Adair 

Biiena  Vista..., 

Franklin 

Madison 

Polk 

Casey 

Jeesamine 

Penobscot 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Calhoun 

Midland 

Norman 

Platte 

Strafford 

Oneida 

Columbus 

Nelson 

Athens 

Carroll 

Monroe 

Accomack 

Fairfax 

Fauquier 

Shenandoah.... 

Calhoun 

Logan 

Lee 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Crawford 

Washington.... 

JefiTeraon 

Androscoggin.. 

Murray 

Benson 

Washington.... 


Population. 
1880.      1890. 


774 

2,840 

716 

16,546 

432 

1,564 
505 


517 
1,845 


1,924 
2,625 


6,006 
2,054 
1,601 
1,299 
252 
1,237 
2,949 
1,419 


3,354 
2,699 
1,586 
804 
2,020 
2,703 


8,778 
590 

2,296 

2,690 
244 

1,580 
843 


795 
1,420 


1,876 

1,061 

1,004 

284 

1,373 

2,199 

493 

288 

546 

633 

678 

664 

518 

1,465 

218 

1,092 

218 


393 

411 

756 

8,403 


2,198 
894 

3,939 
664 

1,226 


1,117 

715 

2,360 

1,148 


1,086 

933 

1,241 

7,486 

1,643 

4,136 

3,236 

1,365 

843 

984 

1,231 

1,123 

1,202 

600 


1,194 
213 


334 
141 


7800 

2,889 

792 

19,768 

431 

2,023 

827 

716 

521 

1,670 

3,172 

1,636 

3,682 

301 

6,451 

2,816 

1,263 

1,236 

242 

1,262 

3,930 

2,218 

333 

3,763 

2,337 

1,277 

1,183 

2,042 

3,050 

1,636 

829 

14,664 

641 

1,883 

2,861 

310 

1,606 

932 

538 

941 

1,215 

136 

1,604 

906 

1,239 

460 

1,183 

2,185 

658 

550 

717 

556 

476 

1,192 

541 

1,277 

264 

918 

264 

620 

461 

586 

593 

20,759 

2,928 

2,291 

929 

3,786 

900 

1,117 

264 

544 

814 

606 

1,846 

1,422 

275 

993 

926 

1,347 

7,889 

1,669 

4,212 

3,406 

1,966 

831 

789 

1,660 

1,921 

646 

740 

260 

999 

300 

268 

223 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Leeds,  Wis 

Leef,  111 

Leelanaw,  Mich 

Lee  Mill,  N.O 

Leenthrop,  Minn 

Leepertown,  111 

Lees,  Miss 

Lees,  S.C 

Leesburg,  Fla 

Leesburg,  Fla 

Leesburg,  6a 

Leesburg,  Ga 

Leesburg,  Idaho 

Leesburg,  Ind 

Leesburg,  Ky 

Leesburg,  Ky 

Leesburg,  O 

Leesburg,  0 

Leesburg,  O 

Leesburg,  Va 

Leesburg,  Va. 

Lee's  Summit,  Mo 

Leesville,  Mo 

Leesville,  Mo 

Leesville,  S.C 

Leesville  Cross  R'ds,  0. 

Leet,  Pa 

Loetonia,  0 

LeGetts,  S.C 

Le  Grand,  Iowa 

Lebi,  Ariz 

Lehi,  Utah 

Lehigh,  Iowa 

Lehigh,  Kan 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lehighton,  Pa 

Lehman,  Pa 

Lehman,  Pa 

Leicester,  Mass 

Leicester,  Neb 

Leicester,  N.Y 

Leicester,  N.C 

Leicester,  Vt 

Leidy,  Pa 

Leigh,  Neb 

Leigh,  Va 

Leigh,  Va 

Leighton,  Ala 

Leighton,  Ala 

Leighton,  Mich 

Leipsic,  Del 

Leipsic,  0 

Leis,  Kan 

Leisenring,  Pa 

Leitchfield,  Ky 

Leitchfield,  Ky 

Leitersburg,  Md 

Leiand,  111 

Leland,  Mich 

Leiand,  Miss 

Leland,  Wash 

Le  Mars,  Iowa 

Lemington,  Vt , 

Lemitar,  N.M 

Lemly,  N.C 

Le  Moine,  111 , 

Lemon,  0 , 

Lemon,  Pa , 

Lemond,  Minn 

Lemons,  Ga , 

Lemont,  111 

Lemonweir,  Wis 

Lemoore,  Cal...„ 

Lempster,  N.H , 

Lena,  111 

Lena,  Ore 

Lenhart«ville,  Pa 

Lennox,  S.D 

Lenoir,  N.C 

Lenoir,  N.C 

Lenoir,  Institute,  N.C. 

Lenoir's,  Tenn 

Leuora,  Kan 

Lenora,  Kan. 

Lenox,  111 

Lenox,  Iowa 

Lenox,  Iowa 

Lenox,  Mass 

Lenox,  Mich 

Lenox,  N.Y 

Lenox,  O 

Lenox.  Pa. 

Lent,  Minn 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Columbia 

Madison 

Leelanaw 

Washington 

Chippewa 

Bureau 

Neshoba 

Williamsburg... 

Lake 

Lake 

Lee 

Lee 

Lemhi 

Kosciusko 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Carroll 

Highland 

Union 

Loudoun 

Loudoun 

Jackson 

Henry 

Henry 

Lexington 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Columbiana 

Marion 

Marshall 

Maricopa 

Utah 

Webster 

Marion 

Carbon 

Lackawanna.... 
Northampton... 

Wayne 

Carbon 

Luzerne 

Pike 

Worcester 

Clay 

Livingston 

Buncombe _, 

Addison 

Clinton 

Colfax 

Amelia 

Prince  Kdward 

Colbert 

Lawrence 

Allegan 

Kent 

Putnam 

Logan 

Fayette 

Grayson 

Grayson 

Washington 

La  Salle 

Leelanaw 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Plymouth 

Essex , 

Socorro 

Mecklenburg... 

McDonough 

Butler , 

Wyoming 

Steele 

Cobb 

Cook 

Junean 

Tulare 

Sullivan 

Stephenson , 

Morrow 

Berks , 

Lincoln 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Lenoir , 

Loudon 

Norton 

Norton 

Warren 

Iowa 

Taylor 

Berkshire 

Macomb 

Madison 

Ashtabula 

Susquehanna... 
Chisago 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,157 
919 

1,015 

2,218 
387 
450 
992 

1,619 


200 

2,027 

368 


354 

1,692 

107 

408 

513 

1,552 

4,285 

1,726 

693 

1,253 

70 

177 

213 

890 

2,552 

1,612 

1,906 


1,638 


36 

196 

3,338 


1,93' 

840 

812 

2,779 

608 

1,679 

2,838 

634 

683 

64 

3,646 

2,256 

1,230 

3,322 

1,360 

407 

681 


4,225 
491 

1,546 
663 

874 


1,895 
222 


1,492 

1,290 

6,775 

568 

648 

1,011 

3,798 

1,011 

463 

602 

1,520 

142 

161 

89 

1,789 

422 

1,087 

1,183 


34 

992 

496 

635 

2,043 

2,516 

10,246 

820 

1,730 

176 


1,171 

790 

1,397 

2,858 

609 

656 

1,427 

993 

2,015 

722 

1,991 

442 

128 

345 

1,369 

101 

373 

617 

1,686 

4,246 

1,650 

1,369 

1,317 

124 

229 

203 

1,117 

2,826 

1,894 

1,744 

259 

1,907 

870 

890 

665 

146 

3,570 

366 

2,959 

1,033 

742 

3,120 

698 

1,647 

3,274 

662 

677 

249 

2,856 

2,051 

1,018 

1,422 

1,162 

356 

1,363 

74 

836 

6,113 

421 

1,368 

654 

708 

485 

239 

4,036 

227 

390 

1,741 

1,096 

10,052 

604 

672 

362 

6,639 

1,076 

651 

519 

1,270 

243 

152 

363 

2,060 

673 

886 

1,260 

460 

231 

837 

414 

706 

2,889 

2,385 

12,815 

724 

1,463 

245 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lents,  Ore 

Lenzburg,  111 

Lenzburg,  111 

Leola,  S.D 

Leola,Wi8 

Leominster,  Mass 

Leon,  Ala 

Leon,  Iowa 

Leon,  Kan 

Leon,  Minn 

Leon,  N.Y 

Leon,  W.  Va 

Leon,  Wis 

Leon,  Wis 

Leona,  Kan „ 

Leonard,  Neb 

Leonard,  N.D 

Leonard,  Tex 

Leonardsville,  Minn.... 

Leonardtown,  Md 

Leonardtown,  Md 

Leonard ville,  Kan 

Leoni,  Mich 

Leonidas,  Mich 

Leopold,  Ind „ 

Leota,  Kan 

Leota,  Minn 

Leoti,  Kan _ 

Leoti,  Kan 

Leo  Valley,  Ac,  Neb.... 

Le  Ray,  N.Y 

Le  Raysville,  Pa. 

LeRoy,  Col 

Le  Roy,  111 

Le  Roy,  III 

Le  Boy,  Iowa 

Le  Roy,  Iowa 

Le  Boy,  Iowa 

Le  Roy,  Kan 

Le  Roy,  Kan 

Le  Roy,  Mich 

Le  Roy,  Mich , 

Le  Roy,  Mich 

Le  Roy,  Mich 

Le  Roy,  Minn , 

Le  Roy,  Minn 

Le  Roy,  Minn 

Le  Roy,  Mo , 

Le  Roy,  Neb , 

Le  Boy,  N.Y , 

Le  Roy,  N.Y 

Le  Roy,  0 , 

Le  Boy,  Pa 

Le  Boy,  S.D , 

Le  Boy,  Wis , 

Le  Sauk,  Minn , 

Le  Sieur,  Mo , 

Leslie,  Oal 

Leslie,  Ac,  Ky 

Leslie,  Mich 

Leslie,  Mich 

Leslie,  Minn 

Leslie,  Mo 

Leslie,  Neb , 

Lessor,  Minn 

Lessor,  Wis 

Lester,  Ark , 

Lester,  Ga 

Lester,  Iowa 

Lester  Prairie,  Minn... 

Lesterville,  Mo 

Le  Sueur,  Minn 

Le  Sueur,  S.D 

Le  Sueur  Centre,  Minn. 

Letart,  0 

Letcher,  S.D 

Letohatchee,  Ala...., 
Letohatchee,  Ala...., 

Letterkenny,  Pa 

Letts,  Iowa 

Levan,  111 

Levan,  Utah , 

Levant,  Me 

Levant,  N.D 

Levee,  111 

Levee,  Ky 

Leven,  Minn 

Leverett,  Mass 

Levervey,  Ark 

Levey,  Iowa 

Levis,  Wis 

Levyville,  Fla 

Lewes,  Del 

Lewis,  Ala 

Lewis,  Ark 

Lewis,  Ind 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

poet-town 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 

Population. 

1880. 

1890. 

62( 

Saint  Clair 

914 

Saint  Clair 

26( 

221 

238 

6,772 

1,072 

1,367 

113 

1,138 

1,192 

127 

748 

768 

135 

24( 

Worcester 

Crenshaw 

7,265 
1,03; 
1,425 

Butler 

45( 

1,08C 

Cattaraugus 

Mason 

1,19< 
24i 

Monroe 

6Bi 

Waushara 

Doniphan 

731 
171 
362 

Cass    

22: 

39! 

24 

Saint  Mary's.... 
Saint  Mary's. ... 
Biley 

3,414 
466 

2,73' 
621 
41( 

1,667 

1,512 

890 

969 

97 

1,38 

Saint  Joseph.... 

1,45! 
89! 

Norton 

82! 

Nobles 

1» 

Wichita 

411 

Wichita 

34 

Greeley 

46 

2,660 
324 

2.66! 

Bradford 

37' 

44( 

884 

1,068 

1,302 

1,800 

430 

975 

545 

1,278 

1,911 

819 

134 

1,170 

769 

432 

667 

86! 

l,26i 

2,1« 

1,62; 

49< 

Coffey 

1,20! 

Coffey 

89,' 

1,1« 

1,67! 

1,08' 

46! 

Blue  Earth 

1,67( 
60* 

52! 

Barton 

67' 

York 

681 

4,469 

4,72 

2,74, 

722 
1,196 

63 

Bradford 

1,00. 

49< 

Dodge 

1,588 

293 

1,686 

1,41. 

30. 

New  Madrid 

Washington 

l,68f 
11, 

1,77 

2,501 

1,113 

199 

2,33 

1,05 

Todd 

61< 

Carroll 

1,02< 

232 

35! 

Polk 

51. 

465 
194 
613 
966 

74! 

Craighead 

39^ 
801 

Black  Hawk 

92 
18< 

1,068 
1,414 

1,03! 

1,7K 

42! 

73 
1,366 

16< 

1,32< 

29! 

1,500 
73 

2,476 
300 
864 
624 

1,076 

l,63i 

115 

Franklin 

2,29J 

32. 

1,11' 

44( 

Penobscot 

88( 
18' 

Pike 

763 

1,446 

207 

742 

49{ 

Montgomery.... 
Pope 

1,505 
371 

Franklin 

705 

381 

Sac 

625 
266 

1,161 

Clark 

32< 

65' 

3,103 
639 

2,99' 

48( 

Scott 

98^ 

Clay 

1,494 

1,97( 

142 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Lewis,  Iowa 

Lewis,  Iowa. 

Lewis,  Kan 

Lewis,  Mo 

Lewis,  Neb 

Lewis,  N.Y 

Lewis,  N.Y 

Lewis,  0 

Lewis,  Pa 

Lewis,  Pa 

Lewis,  Pa 

Lewis,  W.  Va 

Lewis  A  Clarlse,  Ore... 

Lewisberry,  Pa 

Lewislioroiigli,  N.Y.... 

Lewisburg,  Ky 

Lewisburg,  Ky 

Lewisburg,  Neb 

Lewisburg,  0 

Lewisburg,  Pa 

Lewisburg,  Tenn 

Lewisburg,  W.  Va 

Lewisburg,  W.  Va 

Lewis  Fork,  Ky 

Lewis  Fork,  N.C 

Lewisport,  Ky 

Lewisport,  Ky 

Lewis  Station,  Mo 

Lewiston,  Cal 

Lewiston,  Idaho 

Lewiston,  Idaho 

Lewiston,  Me 

Lewiston,  Minn 

Lewiston,  Mo , 

Lewiston,  N.Y , 

Lewiston,  N.Y , 

Lewiston,  N.C 

Lewiston,  Utah 

Lewiston,  Va 

Lewiston,  Wis 

Lewistown,  111 

Lewistown,  111 , 

Lewistown,  Md , 

LewistowD,  Pa 

Lewisville,  .\rk 

Lewisville,  Ind 

Lewisville,  N.C 

Lewisville,  N.C 

Lewisville,  Pa , 

Lewisville,  S.C 

Lewisville,  Tex 

Lexington,  Ala , 

Lexington,  Ala 

Lexington,  Ga 

Lexington,  III 

Lexington,  111 

Lexington,  Ind 

Lexington,  Kan 

Lexington,  Kan 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington,  Mass 

Lexington,  Mich 

Lexington,  Mich 

Lexington,  Minn , 

Lexington,  Miss 

Lexiugton,  Mo 

Lexington,  Mo 

Lexington,  Neb 

Lexington,  Neb 

Lexington,  N.Y 

Lexington,  N.C 

Lexington,  N.C 

Lexington,  O 

Lexington,  0 

Lexington,  Okla 

Lexington,  Ac,  Ore.... 

Lexington,  S.C 

Lexington,  Tenn 

Lexington,  Va 

Lexington,  Va 

Lexington  C.-H.,  S.C. 

Leyden,  111 

Leyden,  Mass 

Leyden,  N.Y 

Liberal,  Iowa 

Liberal,  Kan 

Liberal,  Mo 

Liberty,  Ala 

Liberty,  Ala 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-yill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

City 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post -town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Cass 

Pottawattamie 

Gove 

Holt 

Clay 

Essex 

Lewis 

Brown 

Lycoming 

Northumberl'd 

Union 

Mason 

Clatsop.... 

York 

Westchester 

Logan 

Mason 

Harlan 

Preble 

Union 

Marshall 

Greenbrier 

Greenbrier 

Breathitt 

Wilkes 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Henry 

Trinity 

Nez  Perces 

Nez  Perces 

Androscoggin... 

Winona 

Lewis 

Niagara. 

Niagara 

Bertie 

Cache 

Lunenburg 

Columbia 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Frederick 

Mifflin 

Lafayette. 

Henry 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Potter 

Chester 

Denton 

Dallas 

Lauderdale 

Oglethorpe 

McLean 

McLean 

Scott 

Clark 

Johnson 

Fayette 

Middlesex 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Le  Sueur 

Holmes 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Dawson 

Dawson 

Green 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Richland 

Stark 

Cleveland 

Morrow 

Lexington 

Henderson 

Rockbridge 

Rockbridge 

Lexington 

Cook 

Franklin 

Lewis 

Lyon 

Seward 

Barton 

Autauga 

Blount 

Carroll 

Independence.. 

Lee 

Ouachita 

Pope 

Saline 

Van  Buren 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


550 
975 


4,087 

503 
1,774 
1,161 
3,188 
1,066 
1,173 

845 

1,646 

94 

283 
1,612 

111 
1,550 

400 

409 
3,080 

460 
1,913 

985 


907 


362 
154 
588 


739 
19,083 
241 
127 
2,768 
680 


525 
1,995 

993 
3,136 
1,771 
1,326 
3,222 

301 

446 

894 
48 

366 
3,676 

466 
1,713 


1,408 
2,404 
1,254 
2,466 


2,042 

16,656 

2,460 

2,993 

955 
1,047 

798 
6,970 
3,996 


1,356 

2,877 
626 
508 

6,287 


2,065 
329 

4,051 

2,771 
262 

1,383 
507 

1,933 


295 
512 
295 
1,196 
1,312 
260 
646 


579 

834 

212 

3,733 

818 

1,323 

999 

2,830 

985 

1,151 

1,017 

2,436 

324 

170 

1,417 

224 

1,799 

393 

486 

3,248 

631 

2,213 

1,016 

469 

1,122 

2,453 

436 

262 

666 

1,069 

849 

21,701 

324 

200 

2,577 

633 

373 

764 

1,700 

936 

3,246 

2,166 

1,256 

3,273 

255 

420 

1,079 

439 

459 

4,311 

498 

1,873 

940 

1,751 

2,174 

1,187 

2,195 

309 

1,871 

21,567 

3,197 

2,602 

712 

1,337 

1,076 

7,968 

4,637 

2,176 

1,392 

1,229 

3,584 

1,440 

432 

8,994 

223 

441 

2,468 

716 

4,418 

3,069 

342 

1,558 

407 

1,624 

469 

493 

546 

1,235 

742 

623 

722 

614 

534 

951 

263 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 


Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

Idaho... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan...... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan...... 

Kan 

Ky 

<fec.,  Ky. 

Ky 

Ky 

Me 

Md 

Mich 

Mich 

Minn...., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


White 

San  Joaquin  .... 

Siskiyou 

Bear  Lake 

Adams 

Efhngbam 

Crawford 

Delaware 

Fulton 

Grant... 

Hendricks 

Henry 

Howard 

Parke 

Porter 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Shelby 

Tipton 

Union 

Union 

Wabash 

Warren 

Wells 

White 

Buchanan 

Cherokee 

Clarke 

Clinton 

Dubuque 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Keokuk 

Lncas 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

O'Brien 

Plymouth 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Warren 

Woodbury 

Wright 

Barton 

Clark 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Elk 

Geary 

Hamilton 

Jackson 

Kingman 

Labette 

Linn 

Marion 

Montgomery ... 
Montgomery  ... 

Osborne 

Republic 

Saline 

Woodson 

Calloway 

Casey 

Casey 

Greenup 

Waldo 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Wexford 

Polk 

Adair 

Barry« 

Bollinger 

Callaway 

Cape  Girardeau 

Clay 

Clay 

Cole 

Crawford 

Daviess 

Grundy 

Holt 

Iron 

Knox 

Macon 

Madison 

Marion 

Phelps 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Saint  Fran9oi8.. 

Saline 

Schuyler.- 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


862 
588 
464 


1,464 
641 
882 

1,660 

1, 

2,524 

2,604 

1,839 

1,580 

1,772 

902 

1, 

1,577 

2,115 

939 

1,096 

2,013 

1,330 

1,762 

1,149 

1,286 

298 

791 

822 

949 


1,118 
668 

1,115 
866 

1,694 
872 
423 
360 
365 
574 

1,167 

1,089 
727 
351 
360 


752 
747 


893 
876 
665 


646 


906 
994 

1,702 

1,022 

93 

949 

713 

480 

1,100 

1, 


970 
1,660 
1,066 

109 


1,030 

918 

2,026 

1,230 

733 

3,714 

1,476 

1,260 

1,154 

988 

907 

1,065 

666 

869 

1,236 

420 

3,694 

536 

1,684 

1,402 

1,802 

1,819 

1,729 

148 


442 

666 

798 

426 

1,236 

783 

1,379 

1,615 

1,989 

2,139 

2,678 

1,638 

2,432 

1,814 

865 

1,733 

1,345 

2,205 

797 

1,314 

1,828 

1,239 

2,037 

1,221 

1,242 

649 

816 

689 

940 

638 

893 

512 

956 

796 

1,423 

873 

399 

635 

529 

658 

1,047 

993 

1,168 

828 

468 

93 

1,234 

759 

278 

656 

866 

750 

67 

714 

292 

861 

1,423 

1,118 

1,211 

344 

159 

755 

472 

898 

1,789 

2,928 

136 

1,362 

836 

1,536 

974 

274 

275 

1,208 

1,239 

2,666 

921 

716 

4,872 

2,568 

1,077 

1,240 

1,007 

1,661 

1,19« 

853 

796 

1,140 

?550 

3,377 

476 

2,477 

1,540 

1,898 

1,836 

2,009 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Liberty,  Mo 

Liberty,  Mo 

Liberty,  Mo 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  N.M 

Liberty,  N.T 

Liberty,  N.Y 

Liberty,  N.C 

Liberty,  N.C 

Liberty,  N.D 

Liberty,  N.D 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,© 

Liberty, 0 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O , 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  O - 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  Ore 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  S.C 

Liberty,  S.C 

Liberty,  S.C 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  W.Va 

Liberty,  W.  Va. 

Liberty,  Wis 

Liberty,  Wis 

Liberty,  Wis 

Liberty,  Wis 

Liberty  Centre,  0 

Liberty  Grove,  Wis.... 

Liberty  Hill,  Ala 

Liberty  Hill,  Tex 

Libertytown,  Md 

Libertyville,  111 

Libertyville,  111 

Lick,  O 

Lick  Branch,  Ky , 

Lick  Creek,  Ark , 

Lick  Creek,  111 , 

Lick  Creek,  Iowa , 

Lick  Creek,  Iowa 

Lick  Creek,  Ky , 

Licking,  111 , 

Licking,  Ind , 

Licking,  0 

Licking,  0 

Licking,  Pa 

Licking,  Wash 

Licking,  W.  Va 

Licking  Creek,  Pa.... 

Licking  Hole,  Va 

Lick  Monntain,  Ark. 

Lick  Prairie,  111 , 

Lickskillet,  Ga 

Lickskillet,  Ga 

lickskillet,  Tenn 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

clvil-dist 


County. 


Stoddard 

Sullivan 

Washington... 

Boxbutte 

Cass 

Fillmore 

Gage 

Gage 

Kearney 

Nuckolls 

Perkins 

Richardson.... 

Sheridan 

Valley 

San  Miguel.... 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Yadkin 

Kidder 

Adams 

Butler 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Delaware 

Fairfield 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Highland 

Jackson 

Knox 

Licking i 

Logan 

Mercer 

Putnam 

Ross 

Seneca 

Trumbull 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Washington... 

Wood 

Linn 

Adams i 

Bedford 

Centre 

McKean 

Mercer 

Montour 

Susquehanna.. 

Tioga 

Orangeburg.... 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Beadle 

Brown 

Day 

Edmunds 

Hutchinson.... 

Marshall 

Ohio 

Grant 

Manitowoc .... 

Outagamie 

Vernon 

Henry 

Door 

Dallas 

Williamson.... 

Frederick 

Lake 

Lake 

Jackson 

Martin 

Little  River... 

Union 

Davis 

VanBuren 

Pike 

Crawford 

Blackford 

Licking 

Muskingum... 

Clarion 

Whatcom 

Tucker 

Fulton 

Goochland 

Conway 

Wabash 

Cherokee 

Schley 

Cocke 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,809 

1,063 

999 


1,281 
695 
764 
27 
280 
400 


685 


3,209 

478 

i,a35 


1,847 


1,365 
1,468 
1,382 
1,679 
1,481 
3,070 
1,503 
1,101 
3,295 
1,946 
6,381 
1,784 
1,034 
752 
1,666 
1,196 
1,636 
1,675 
2,157 
4,068 
1,398 
1.653 
1,614 
1,292 
278 
892 
914 
1,284 
2,l»29 
642 
1,168 
1,108 
1,629 
1,216 
2,145 
149 


2,764 

1,639 

895 

1,387 

604 

643 

604 

1,092 

1,656 


542 
1,327 

695 
5,213 

658 

217 


1,379 

914 

940 

1,913 

2,828 

1,256 

948 

1,123 


660 

1,077 

3,528 

1,898 

571 

898 

949 

1,144 


4,336 

1,297 

1,060 

249 

1,502 

789 

1,195 

469 

500 

616 

882 

1,030 

308 

403 

306 

3,357 

734 

1,410 

366 

2,078 

33 

1,246 

1,167 

1,299 

1,591 

1,406 

3,065 

1,463 

1,287 

3,503 

1,880 

6,698 

1,345 

1,044 

702 

1,563 

1,652 

2,060 

1,664 

2,012 

3,631 

1,431 

2,383 

1,566 

2,013 

294 

761 

1,332 

1,244 

2,174 

607 

1,081 

899 

1,756 

1,164 

2,318 

211 

261 

361 

383 

180 

598 

2,667 

1,572 

881 

1,277 

492 

663 

500 

1,536 

1,641 

309 

689 

1,694 

550 

5,711 

752 

412 

996 

1,179 

961 

1,461 

1,940 

3,955 

1,111 

872 

914 

221 

663 

961 

8,431 

1,643 

684 

993 

823 

728 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lida,  Minn 

Liddell,  Ark 

Lien,  Minn 

Ligonier,  Ind 

Ligonier,  Pa 

Ligonier,  Pa 

Likes,  Col 

Lilesville,  N.C 

Lilesville,  N.C 

Liletown,  Ky 

Lillian,  Neb 

Lillington,  N.C 

Lillington,  N.C 

Lilly,  Pa 

Lily,  Col 

Lily  Bay,  Me 

Lily  Pond,  Ga 

Lima,  111 

Lima,  111 

Lima,  111 

Lima,  Ind 

Lima,  Ind 

Lima,  Mich 

Lima,  Mont 

Lima,  N.Y 

Lima,  N.Y 

Lima,0 

Lima,  O 

Lima,  Pa 

Lima,  Wis 

Lima,  Wis 

Lima,  Wis 

Lima,  Wis ^... 

Llmaville,  0 

Lime,  Minn 

Lime  Creek,  4c.,  Col. 

Lime  Creek,  Ga 

Lime  Creek,  Iowa..... 

Lime  Creek,  Iowa 

Lime  Lake,  Minn 

Limerick,  Me 

Limerick,  Pa , 

Limesink,  Ga 

Lime  Spring,  Iowa.... 

Limestone,  Ark 

Limestone,  Fla. 

Limestone,  111 

Limestone,  III 

Lime.<itone,  Kan 

Limestone,  Me 

Limestone,  Minn 

Limestone,  N.C_ 

Limestone,  N.C 

Limestone,  Pa. 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  S.C 

Limington,  Me 

Limoti,  Col 

Lim  Rock,  Ala 

Lincklaen,  N.Y 

Lincoln,  Ark 

Lincoln,  Ark 

Lincoln,  Cal 

Lincoln,  Cal 

Lincoln,  Col 

Lincoln,  Col 

Lincoln,  Del 

Lincoln,  III 

Lincoln,  111 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa < 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

poBt-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poet-viU 

poet-twp 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

poet- vi  11 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

poet-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Otter  Tail , 

Clay 

Grant 

Noble 

Westmoreland. 
Westmoreland. 

Las  Animas 

Anson 

Anson 

Green 

Ouster...... 

Harnett 

Pender 

Cambria. 

Routt 

Piscataquis 

Gordon 

Adams 

Adams 

Carroll 

La  Grange 

La  Grange 

Washtenaw 

Beaver  Head..., 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Allen 

Licking 

Delaware 

Grant 

Pepin 

Rock 

Sheboygan  

Stark 

Blue  Earth 

Pitkin 

Spalding 

C>rro  Gordo 

Washington 

Murray 

York 

Montgomery.... 

Decatur 

Howard 

Franklin 

Walton 

Kankakee 

Peoria 

Jewell 

Aroostook 

Lincoln 

Buncombe 

Duplin 

Clarion 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Union 

Warren 

Spartanburg.... 

York 

Lincoln 

Jackson 

Chenango 

Garland 

Newton 

Placer 

Sierra 

Pitkin 

Summit 

Sussex 

Logan 

Ogle 

Hendricks 

La  Porte 

Newton 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Adair 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Black  Hawk.... 

Buena  Vista 

Calhoun 


Cerro  Gordo., 

Clay 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Grundy 

Hamilton 

Harrison 

Iowa 

.Tohnson 

Lucas 

Madison 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


109 


295 
2,010 
2,646 

634 


2,420 

192 

1,369 


802 


13 

907 
1.577 

^0 

676 
1,336 

660 
1,021 


2,782 
1,878 
7,567 
1,803 

114 
1,154 

605 
1,094 
2,126 

164 

592 


668 

700 

1,802 

373 

1,253 

2,366 

1,695 

470 

364 

330 

916 

2,601 

702 

665 

201 

909 

1,203 

1,354 

1,241 

731 

880 

446 

3,880 

1,431 


901 


275 
673 


234 

5,639 

1,334 

1,610 

624 

181 

1,390 

1,281 

755 

690 

367 

708 

127 

940 

570 

552 

345 

362 

691 


395 
248 
830 
588 
1,062 
916 


144 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lincoln,  Iowa 

LIucuIn,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  luwa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa , 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Me 

Lincoln,  Mass 

Lincoln,  Mich 

Lincoln,  Mich 

Lincoln,  Mich , 

Lincoln,  Mich 

Lincoln,  Mich 

Lincoln,  Mich 

Lincoln,  Mich , 

Lincoln,  Mich 

Lincoln,  Minn 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo , 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb_ 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  N.H 

Lincoln,  N.M 

Lincoln,  N.D 

Lincoln,  N.D 

Lincoln,  N.D 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Mitchell , 

Monona 

Montgomery., 
O'Brien 


Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Union , 

Warren , 

Winnebago , 

Winneshiek 

Worth 

Wright , 

Anderson , 

Butler 

Cloud 

Coffey 

Crawford 

Decatur , 

Dickinson 

Edwards , 

Ellsworth 

Franklin 

Grant 

Kiowa 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Neosho 

Norton 


Ottawa 

Pottawatomie.. 

Reno 

Republic 

Bice 

Russell 

Sedgwick 

Smith 

Stafford 

Stevens 

Washington.... 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Arenac 

Berrien 

Huron 

Isabella 

Mason 

Midland 

Newaygo 

Osceola 

Blue  Earth 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Caldwell 

Christian 

Clark 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Holt 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Nodaway 

Putnam 

Antelope 

Chase 

Colfax 

Cuming 

Franklin 

Furnas 

Gage 

Gosper 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Kearney 

Knox 

Lancaster 

Saline 

Washington.... 

Grafton 

Lincoln 

Bottineau 

Pembina 

Steele 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


954 
1,052 
885 
23 
940 
315 
125 
1,218 
628 
889 
815 
966 
882 
517 
387 
624 
782 


992 

677 


560 

218 

2,251 


2,912 
"894 


302 
719 


422 
2,113 
1,228 


400 
459 
568 
736 
460 


520 

1,488 

371 


1,439 
1,659 

907 

27 

1,408 

230 
1,237 

140 

173 


902 

515 

1,737 

1,830 

896 

1,029 

1,855 

999 

846 

377 

1,170 

795 

761 

815 

1,086 

2,197 

1,285 


592 


400 
165 


196 
568 
433 


13,003 

767 

671 

65 


781 

1,022 

801 

299 

1,042 

684 

396 

904 

688 

881 

730 

812 

9.35 

1,266 

827 

744 

779 

1,809 

283 

965 

862 

520 

794 

447 

460 

1,167 

2,496 

594 

1,274 

447 

306 

600 

460 

186 

1,100 

2,258 

1,018 

264 

714 

555 

433 

861 

766 

847 

709 

646 

501 

349 

74 

604 

1,756 

987 

1,007 

2,112 

532 

1,248 

171 

262 

695 

1,084 

458 

1,588 

1,945 

1,124 

1,353 

2,645 

1,309 

831 

711 

1,185 

813 

618 

821 

991 

2,219 

1,917 

235 

131 

1,152 

398 

498 

411 

518 

379 

641 

637 

1,495 

190 

55,154 

8S9 

856 

110 

1,077 

252 

293 

116 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lincoln,  0 

Lincoln,  Ore 

Lincoln,  Pa 

Lincoln,  Pa 

Lincoln,  R.I 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  Vt 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  W.  Va. 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln  Creek,  Wash. 

Lincolnton,  Ga 

Lincolnton,  Ga 

Lincolnton,  N.C 

Lincolnton,  N.C 

Lincolnville,  Me 

Lincolnville,  S.C 

Lind,  N.D 

Lind,  Wis 

Linda,  Cal 

Linda  Vista,  Cal 

Linden,  Ala 

Linden,  Col 

Linden,  Iowa 

Linden,  Mich 

Linden,  Minn 

Linden,  Mo 

Linden,  N.J 

Linden,  N.M 

Linden,  N.D 

Linden,  Tenn 

Linden,  Tex 

Linden,  Wis 

Linden,  Wis 

Linder,  III 

Lindina,  Wis 

Lindle,  Ky 

Lindley,  Ga 

Lindlev,  Mo 

Lindley,  N.Y 

Lindsay,  Neb 

Lindsay,  Neb 

Lindsay,  Tenn 

Lindsborg,  Kan 

Lindsey,  Mo 

Liudsey,  0 

Line,  Neb 

Line  Fork,  Ky 

Linesville,  Pa. 

Lineville,  Ala. 

Lineville,  Ala 

Lineville,  Iowa 

Linganore,  Md 

Lingo,  Mo 

Linkville,  Ore 

Linkville,  Ore 

Linkwood,  Md 

Linn,  111 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Kan 

Linn,  Kan 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  S.D „ 

Linn,  Wis 

Linneus,  Me 

Linneus,  Mo 

Linolenmville,  N.Y 

Linton,  Ga 

Linton,  Ind 

Linton,  Ind 

Linton,  Iowa 

Linton,  Ky 

Linton,  0, 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dii<t 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

poet-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

district 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

poet-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

,  _ township 

Linyille,  N.C t.\  township 


Goanty. 


Morrow 

Marion 

Alleghany 

Huntingdon..... 

Providence 

Clark 

Douglas 

Hyde 

Lincoln 

McPherson 

Potter 

Sully 

Addison 

Marion 

Tyler 

Wayne 

Adams 

Buffalo 

Eau  Claire 

Kewaunee 

Monroe 

Polk 

Trempealeau.... 

Wood 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Waldo 

Berkeley 

Grand  Forks.... 

Waupaca 

Yuba 

San  Diego 

Marengo 

Arapahoe 

Winnebago 

Genesee 

Brown 

Christian 

Union 

Donna  Ana 

Cavalier.  .„ 

Perry 

Cass 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Greene 

Juneau 

Union „ 

Walton 

Mercer 

Steuben 

Knox 

Platte 

Campbell 

McPherson „ 

Benton 

Sandusky 

Webster 

Letcher 

Crawford 

Clay 

Clay 

Wayne 

Frederick 

Macon 

Klamath 

Klamath 

Dorchester 

Woodford 

Cedar 

Dallas 

Linn 

Marshall 

Warren 

Washington 

Wichita 

Cedar 

Christian 

Dent 

Moniteau 


Hand 

Walworth.. 
Aroostook.., 

Linn 

Richmond.. 

Hancock 

Greene 

Vigo 

Allamakee.. 

Trigg 

Coshocton.., 
Burke 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


901 

499 

1,646 

604 

13,766 


1,368 

2,684 

1,785 

2,259 

434 

673 

1,481 

1,147 

975 

557 

863 

532 


l,i:i3 

70 

2,698 

708 
1,705 

350 


978 
359 


1,976 


676 
731 

1,650 

1,1 


1,996 
571 


1,062 
1,039 
996 
1,695 
1,563 


644 

466 

1,921 

409 


547 

550 

1,169 


622 

1,439 

1,287 

737 

250 

1,275 

912 

457 

990 

985 

291 

984 


2,576 

646 

433 

2,432 

1,804 


823 
917 
860 
134 


1,648 
746 


1,918 
839 

145 


996 

622 

1,332 

652 

20,355 

411 

328 

CO 

404 

146 

78 

87 

1,255 

2,982 

1,796 

3,144 

440 

556 

1,786 

1,181 

1,065 

1,072 

9:^7 

870 

294 

1,185 

220 

2,960 

957 

1,361 

388 

337 

1,016 

295 

191 

2,454 

146 

408 

562 

762 

775 

2,057 

142 

269 

330 

444 

1,861 

462 

991 

957 

909 

986 

1,658 

1,537 

314 

125 

810 

968 

2,097 

458 

463 

604 

562 

1,549 

2.34 

606 

1,221 

1,727 

787 

364 

1,178 

9a3 

422 

966 

905 

706 

1,031 

982 

192 

3,376 

636 

331 

2,663 

1,78a 

108 

864 

969 

813 

666 

176 

968 

1,606 

598 

29 

1,83S 

961 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Linville,  N.C 

Linville,  Va 

Linwood,  Ala 

Lin  wood,  Kan 

Linwood,  Minn 

Linwood,  Neb 

Linwood,  Neb 

Linwood,  N.J 

Linwood,  0 

Linwood,  Wis 

Lipps,  Va 

Lisbon,  Conn 

Lisbon,  III 

Lisbon,  Iowa 

Lisbon,  Me 

Lisbon,  Mich 

Lisbon,  Minn 

Lisbon,  Neb 

Lisbon,  N.H 

Lisbon,  N.Y 

Lisbon,  N.C 

Lisbon,  N.D 

Lisbon,  S.C 

Lisbon,  S.D 

Lisbon,  Va 

Lisbon,  Wis 

Lisbon,  Wis 

Lisbon  Falls,  Me 

Lisco,  Neb 

Lisco,  Neb 

Liscomb,  Iowa 

Llscomb,  Iowa 

Lisle,  111 

Lisle,  N.Y 

Lisle,  N.Y 

Lismore,  Minn 

Liston,  Iowa 

Litaker,  N.C 

Litchfield,  Conn 

Litchfield,  Conn 

Litchfield,  111 

Litchfield,  Kan 

Litchfield,  Me 

Litchfield,  Mich 

Litchfield,  Mich 

Litchfield,  Minn 

Litchfield,  Minn 

Litchfield,  N.H 

Litchfield,  N.Y 

Litchfield,  O 

Litchfield,  Pa 

Lltchville,  N.D 

Lithia  Springs,  Crft 

LithonJa,  Ga 

Lithonia,  Ga 

Lithiipolis,  O 

Lititz,  Pa 

Little  Bass,  Ark 

Little  Bayou  Scie,  La... 

Little  Beaver,  Pa 

Little  Black,  Ark 

Little  Black,  Ac,  Wis... 
Little  Blackfoot,  Idaho 

Little  Blaine,  Ky 

Little  Blue,  Kan 

Little  Blue,  Neb 

Little  Britain,  Pa 

Little  Butte,  Ore 

Little  Camas,  Idaho 

Little  Cana,  Kan 

Little  Chute,  Wis 

Little  Coharie,  N.C 

Little  Compton,  B.I 

Little  Cottonwood, 

Utah 

Little  Creek,  Del 

Little  Creek,  Del 

Little  Creek,  Del 

Little  Creek,  Va 

Little  Egg  Harbor.N.J. 

Little  Elk,  Ore 

Little  Falls,  Minn 

Little  Falls,  Minn 

Little  Falls,  N.J 

Little  Falls,  N.Y 

Little  Falls,  N.Y 

Little  Falls,  Wash 

Little  Falls,  Wis 

Littlefleld.  Mich 

Little  Fork,  Ky 

Little  Grant,  Wis 

Little  Hickman,  Ky 

Little  Jennie  Mine, 

Mont 

Little  Lake,  Cal 

Little  Mackinaw,  111.... 

146 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-Till 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poet- town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

ward 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

hundred 

post-vill 

hundred 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 


Mitchell 

Bockingham.. 

Pike 

Leavenworth.. 

Anoka 

Butler 

Butler , 

Atlantic 

Hamilton 

Portage 

Wise 

New  London.... 

Kendall 

Linn 

Androscoggin.. 

Kent 

Yellow  Med 

Perkins 

Grafton 

Saint  Lawrence 

Sampson 

Bansom 

Darlington 

Davison , 

Bedford 

Juneau 

Waukesha. 

Androscoggin.. 

Cheyenne.. 

Deuel 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Du  Page 

Broome 

Broome 

Nobles 

Woodbury 

Bowan 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Montgomery.... 

Crawford 

Kennebec 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Hillsborough.... 

Herkimer 

Medina 

Bradford.. ....... 

La  Moure 

Douglas 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Fairfield 

Lancaster 

Sel)astian 

Sabine 

Lawrence 

Bandolph 

Taylor 

Bingham 

Lawrence 

Washington 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Elmore 

Chautauqua 

Outagamie 

Sampson 

Newport 


Salt  Lake.... 

Kent 

Kent 

Sussex 

Franklin.... 
Burlington.. 

Benton 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Passaic 

Herkimer... 
Herkimer... 

Lewis 

Monroe 

Emmet 

Elliott 

Grant 

Jessamine... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


Lewis  &  Clarke 
Mendocino .. 
Tazewell 


1,186 

4,182 

596 


227 
1.078 


723 
406 

1,394 
630 

1,262 
776 

2,641 
124 
673 


1,807 
4,297 
1,590 


2,225 


4,231 

491 

1,437 


1,127 

452 

1,819 

2,399 

429 

119 

406 

1,944 

3,410 

452 

326 


1^10 
1,958 
1,029 

498 
1,260 

291 
1,218 

653 
1,159 


1,169 
266 
404 

1,113 


365 
1,282 
1,574 

763 


1,231 
1,526 

841 
1,574 

567 


889 


1,481 
1,202 

300 
1,878 

202 
3,457 
1,663 
1,881 


484 

508 

1,404 

6,913 

6,910 


705 

266 

1,174 

718 


1,516 
1,575 


1,410 

4,210 

585 

306 

242 

943 

309 

536 

1,291 

368 

2,326 

548 

1,112 

1,079 

3,120 

136 

682 

387 

2,060 

3,809 

1,762 

935 

2,693 

164 

3,885 

444 

1,443 

1,585 

20 

61 

980 

313 

1,794 

1,962 

421 

328 

1,099 

1,452 

3,  .304 

1,058 

5,811 

888 

1,126 

1,714 

601 

501 

1,899 

252 

1,055 

807 

946 

210 

290 

2,493 

1,182 

369 

1,494 

710 

351 

1,193 

2,111 

1,131 

248 

1,275 

765 

517 

1,590 

726 

45 

924 

380 

1,904 

1,128 

70 

1,722 

285 

4,511 

1,762 

1,771 

198 

217 

2,354 

1,890 

7,512 

8,783 

440 

993 

343 

1,788 

688 

632 

74 
1,048 
1,551 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Little  Mahanoy,  Pa. 
Little  Manatee,  Fla. 
Little  Meadows,  Pa. 
Little  Piue  Creek,  N.C. 
Little  Pot  Latch,  Idaho 

Little  Prairie,  Mo 

Little  Biver,  Ark 

Little  Biver,  Ark 

Little  Elver,  Ark 

Little  Biver,  Cal 

Little  Biver,  Ga 

Little  Biver,  Ga 

Little  Biver,  Kan 

Little  Biver,  Kan 

Little  Biver,  Mo , 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  N.C 

Little  Biver,  S.C 

Little  Biver,  Va 

Little  Elver,  Wis 

Little  Bock,  Ark 

Little  Eock,  111 

Little  Bock,  Minn 

Little  Eock  Creek,  N.C. 

Little  Salt,  Neb 

Little  Sank,  Minn 

Little  Sioux,  Iowa 

Little  Sioux,  Iowa. 

Little  Sioux,  Iowa 

Little  Smoky,  Idaho. ... 
Little  South  Fork,  ice., 

Ky 

Littlestown,  Pa 

Little  Suamico,  Wis 

Littleton,  Col 

Littleton,  111 

Littleton,  Me 

Littleton,  Mass 

Littleton,  N.H.. 

Littleton,  N.C 

Littleton,  N.C 

Littleton,  N.C 

Little  Traverse,  Mich... 

Little  Valley,  Kan 

Little  Valley,  N.Y 

Little  Valley,  N.Y 

Little  Walnut,  Kan 

Little  Wolf,  Wis 

Little  Wood  Biver, 

Idaho 

Little  Yadkin,  N.C 

Little  York,  Cal 

Little  York,  Neb 

Lively  Grove,  111 

Live  Oak,  Fla 

Live  Oak,  Fla 

Livermore,  Cal 

Livermore,  Col 

Livermore,  Iowa 

Livermore,  Ky 

Livermore,  Ky 

Livermore,  Me 

Livermore,  N.H 

Livermore,  Pa.„ 

Liverpool,  111 

Liverpool,  Kan 

Liverpool,  N.Y 

Liverpool,  0 

Liverpool,  0 

Liverpool,  O 

Liverpool,  Pa 

Liverpool,  Pa 

Livingston,  Ala. 

Livingston,  Ala. 

Livingston,  Ala 

Livingston,  Ga 

Livingston,  Ky 

Livingston,  Mich 

Livingston,  Miss 

Livingston,  Mont 

Livingston,  N.J 

Livingston,  N.Y 

Livingston,  Tenn 

Livingston,  Va 

Livonia,  Ind 

Livonia,  Mich 

Livonia,  Minn 

Livonia,  N.Y 

Livonia  Station,  N.Y... 

Lizard,  Iowa 

Llanos,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

IKJst-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-beat 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Northumberi'd 
Hillsborough... 
Susquehanna... 

Madison 

Latah 

Pemiscot 

Little  Biver 

Mississippi 

Poinsett 

Mendocino 

Cherokee 

Milton 

Beno , 

Bice 

Pemiscot 

Alexander 

Caldwell 

Cumberland 

Montgomery.... 

Orange 

Transylvania... 

Wake 

Horry_ 

Floyd 

Oconto 

Pulaski 

Kendall 

Nobles 

Mitchell 

Lancaster 

Todd 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Woodbury 

Alturas 


Casey 

Adams 

Oconto 

Arapahoe 

Schuyler 

Aroostook 

Middlesex 

Grafton 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Warren 

Emmet 

McPherson.... 
Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus.. 

Butler 

Waupaca 


Logan 

Yadkin 

Nevada 

Loup 

Washington.... 

Suwannee 

Suwannee 

Alameda 

Larimer 

Humboldt 

McLean 

McLean 

Androscoggin.. 

Grafton 

Westmoreland. 

Fulton 

Stanton 

Onondago 

Columbiana 

Medina 

Medina 

Perry 

Perry 

Cullman 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Floyd 

Bock  Castle..... 

Otsego 

Madison 

Park 

Essex 

Columbia 

Overton 

Spottsylvania... 

Washington 

Wayne 

Sherburne 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Pocahontas 

Sherman 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


326 
169 


1,086 
530 

2,049 
142 


655 
551 
731 


220 
768 

1,065 
484 
532 

2,178 
795 

2,056 

1,254 

2,592 

695 

13,138 

2,711 
320 
388 
493 
363 

1,0.36 
369 
878 


913 
942 


1,060 
904 
994 

2,936 

2,790 
113 
111 

1,029 
435 

1,196 
556 
748 

1,342 


581 
1,031 


2,282 
468 
855 


168 
1,481 

399 
1,262 

103 

164 
1,302 


1,.S50 

6,229 

1,339 

198 

825 

838 

408 

3,776 

738 

1,677 


626 
6,002 


1,401 
2,060 

312 
2,993 

211 
1,638 

321 
3,119 

688 

537 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Llewellyn,  S.D 

Lloyd,  Iowa 

Lloyd,  N.y 

Loa,  Utah 

Loachapoka,  Ala 

Loachapoka,  Ala 

Loam,  N.D 

Loami,  III 

Loanii,  III 

Lobelville,  Tenn , 

Lobster,  Ore 

Lochleven,  Va , 

Locke,  Ind 

Locke,  Mich 

Locke,  N.Y , 

Locke,  N.C 

Lockeford,  Cal 

Lockesburg,  Ark., , 

Lockett,  Ya 

Lockhart,  Ga , 

Lockhart,  Ind 

Lockhart,  Minn , 

Lockhart,  Tex 

Lock  Haven,  Pa , 

Lockington,  0 

Lockland,  0 

Lockport,  111 

Lockport,  111 

Lockport,  Kan 

Lockport,  Ky 

Lockport,  Ky 

Lockport,  Mich 

Lockport,  N.Y 

Lockport,  N.Y 

Lockport,  Pa , 

Lockridge,  Iowa 

Lockridge,  Neb 

Lock  Spring,  Mo 

Lockville,  0 

Lockwood,  Mo 

Lockwood,  Mo 

Lockwood,  S.D 

Lockwood  Folly,  N.C, 

Loco,  Kan 

Locust,  111 

Locust,  Ky , 

Locust,  Pa 

Locust  Bayou,  Ark 

Locust  Creek,  Mo , 

Locust  Dale,  Va 

Locust  Grove,  Ark 

Locust  Grove,  Ga 

Locust  Grove,  Ga 

Locust  Grove,  Iowa.... 
Locust  Grove,  Iowa.... 

Locust  Grove,  Va 

Locust  Hill,  N.C 

Loda,Ill 

Loda,Ill 

Loda,  Kan 

Lodema,  N.D 

Lodge  Pole,  Neb 

Lodgetown,  Ky 

Lodi,  Cal 

Lodi,  Mich 

Lodi,  Minn 

Lodi,  Misa 

Lodi,  N.J 

Lodi,  N.Y 

Lodi,  0 

Lodi,  0 

Lodi,  S.D 

Lodi,  Wis 

Lodi,  Wis , 

Lodomillo,  Iowa 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Col 

Logan,  Col 

Logan,  111 

Logan,  III 

Logan,  Ind 

Logan,  Ind 

Logan,  Ind 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post- beat 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 


■twp 
"lip 
lip 


township 

precinct 

post-tw 

townsh 

townsh.,, 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Sully 

Dickinson 

Ulster 

Pi  Ute 

Lee , 

Lee 

Cavalier 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Perry 

Benton 

Lunenburg 

Elkhart 

Ingham 

Cayuga 

Rowan 

San  Joaquin 

Sevier 

Prince  Edward 

Bulloch 

Pike 

Norman 

Caldwell 

Clinton 

Shelby 

Hamilton^ 

Will 

Will 

Haskell 

Henry 

Henry 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Niagara 

Niagara 

Erie 

Jefferson 

York. 

Daviess 

Fairfield 

Dade 

Dade 

Roberts 

Brunswick 

Haskell 

Christian 

Carroll 

Columbia 

Calhoun 

Linn 

Madison 

Stone 

Henry 

Henry 

Fremont..., 

Jefferson 

Floyd 

Caswell 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Reno 

Pembina 

Cheyenne 

Fulton 

San  Joaquin 

Washtenaw 

Mower 

Montgomery.... 

Bergen 

Seneca 

Athens 

Medina 

Spink 

Columbia 

Columbia. 

Clayton 

Baxter 

Independence.. 

Logan 

Arapahoe.. , 

Conejos 

Peoria 

Pope 

Dearborn 

Fountain 

Pike , 

Calhoun , 

Clay , 

Harrison 

Ida 

Lyon 

Marshall 

Sioux 

Winnebago 

Allen 

Barton 

Butler, 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


105 
2,713 


1,785 
408 


1,550 
306 


1.1 
1,365 
1,494 
1,141 
l,3ai 
322 
256 
2,127 
1,350 
2,460 


718 
5,845 

219 
1,884 
3,260 
1,679 


2,186 
139 

3,464 

2,847 

13,522 

345 

1,478 


1,245 


1,329 
1,019 
2,014 

325 
2,155 
4,405 

892 
1,097 


772 
1,410 
2,769 
1,954 
1,427 

63.5 


97 
1,217 

606 
1,377 

619 
2,046 
4,071 
1,947 
1,550 

437 


1,462 

723 

1,332 


1,055 


1,046 

845 

838 

2,687 

1,097 

144 


644 
226 


422 
446 


57 

210 

2,516 

411 

1,632 

357 

551 

1,542 

383 

171 

146 

1,791 

989 

1,265 

1,001 

1,262 

472 

451 

2,012 

2,009 

2,220 

182 

1,233 

7,a58 

170 

2,474 

4,088 

2,449 

109 

1,603 

152 

3,872 

2,773 

16,038 

240 

1,248 

704 

212 

80 

1,274 

633 

119 

1,456 

107 

1,254 

1,067 

1,973 

502 

1,922 

3,826 

522 

1,448 

255 

754 

1,266 

2,950 

1,872 

1,32:^ 

598 

541 

386 

670 

1,298 

1,013 

1,264 

529 

2,128 

5,131 

1,694 

1,390 

668 

276 

1,375 

736 

1,305 

541 

341 

642 

327 

94 

1,3,32 

862 

772 

2,825 

1,226 

544 

202 

827 

606 

252 

948 

789 

424 

656 

614 

410 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 
Logan, 


I,  Kan 

1,  Kan 

1,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

>,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

1,  Kan 

1,  Kan 

,,  Kau 

I,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

1,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

1,  Kan 

,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

I,  Kan 

I,  Mich 

I,  Minn 

1,  Mo 

1,  Mo 

1,  Mo 

,,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

I,  Neb 

i,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

,,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

I,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

I,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

t,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

I,  Neb 

I,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

1,  Neb 

i,  N.J 

1,  N.D 

1,  N.D 

1,  N.D 

1,  N.D 

1,  0 

1,  0 

1,  Pa 

I,  Pa 

1,  Pa 

I,  S.D 

I,  S.D 

I,  S.D 

1,  S.D 

1,  S.D 

I,  S.D 

I,  S.D 

1,  S.D 

1,  S.D 

,,  Utah 

i,  Utah 

I,  W.  Va 

Logansport,  Ind 

Logansport,  Kan 

Logansport,  La 

Logan's  Store,  N.C 

Logansville,  Pa 

Loganton,  Pa 

Loganville,  Ga 

Logtown,  Miss 

Lohrville,  Iowa. 

Lola,  Kan 

Lola,  Ky 

Loma  Parda,  N.M 

Lomavigamute,  Alaska 

Lombai^,  111 

Lomira,  Wis 

Lompoc,  Cal 

Lonaconing,  Md 

London,  Kan 

London,  Ky 

London,  Ky 

London,  Mich 

London,  Minn 

London,  Neb 

London,  0._ .^ 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

borough 

post-lwro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

poet-prect 

city 


County. 


Comanche 

Decatur 

Dickinson...... 

Edwards 

Gray 

Lincoln.. 

Marion 

Marshall 

Meade , 

Mitchell 

Ottawa , 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Pratt 

Rawlins 

Rooks 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Smith 

Washington.. 

Ogemaw 

Grant , 

Christian 

Reynolds 

Wayne 

Adams 

Antelope 

Buffalo 

Chase 

Clay 

Cuming 

Dawson 

Dixon 

Dodge 

Franklin...... 

Frontier....... 

Gage 

Greeley 

Hayes 

Hitchcock...,, 

Howard 

Kearney 

Keith 

Knox 

Logan 

Pierce , 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Wayne 

Gloucester.... 

Burleigh 

Grand  Forks. 

La  Moure 

Traill 

Auglaize 

Hocking, 

Blair 

Clinton 

Huntingdon.. 

Beadle 

Campbell 

Clark 

Hand 

Hughes 

Jerauld 

Minnehaha... 

Potter , 

Sanborn 

Cache 

Cache 

Logan 

Cass , 

Logan , 

De  Soto 

Rutherford..., 

York 

Clinton 

Walton , 

Hancock 

Calhoun 

Cherokee 

Livingston...., 
Mora 


Du  Page 

Dodge 

Santa  Barbara.. 

Alleghany 

Sumner 

Butler 

Laurel 

Monroe 

Freeborn 

Nemaha 

Madison 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


469 


383 


665 
1,198 


626 
275 


1,159 
1,156 


.  379 


1,765 


1,206 

2,666 

4,590 

959 

611 


3,396 

3,396 

1,769 

11,198 


1,631 
312 
423 
242 


1,052 


378 
1,846 

226 
2,808 

743 


2,438 

1,408 

614 

699 

3,067 

147 


154 

486 

553 

146 

302 

400 

663 

840 

206 

677 

663 

172 

701 

390 

278 

327 

425 

251 

325 

697 

688 

59 

126 

411 

1,781 

1,413 

324 

512 

311 

191 

707 

626 

367 

576 

673 

342 

384 

670 

265 

243 

243 

420 

477 

271 

247 

326 

196 

282 

330 

415 

1,523 

5 

102 

20 

263 

1,369 

3,119 

7,688 

938 

586 

227 

94 

158 

99 

47 

132 

407 

165 

215 

4,620 

4,565 

2,746 

13,328 

199 

281 

1,797 

296 

385 

338 

353 

435 

1,304 

634 

237 

63 

616 

1,816 

1,016 

2,763 

786 

2,260 

4,119 

1,316 

664 

669 

3.313 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


London  Britain,  Pa , 

Londonderry,  N.H 

Londonderry,  O 

Londonderry,  Pa 

Londonderry,  Pa 

Londonderry,  Pa 

Londonderry,  Pa 

Londonderry,  Vt 

London  Grove,  Pa 

London  Mills,  III 

Lone  Cone,  Col 

Lone  Elm,  Kan 

Lone  Grove,  111 

Lone  Hill,  Ark 

Lone  Oak,  Ga. 

Lone  Oak,  Mo 

Lone  Oak,  Tex 

Lone  Pine,  Ark 

Lone  Pine,  Neb 

Lone  Rock,  Ore 

Lone  Bock,  S.D 

Lone  Bock,  Wis. 

Lone  Star,  Kan 

Lone  Tree,  Iowa 

Lone  Tree,  Kan 

Lone  Tree,  Kan 

Lone  Tree,  Minn 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 

Long  Acre,  N.C 

Long  Bar,  Cal 

Long  Beach,  Cal 

Long  Beach,  Cal 

Long  Branch,  111 

Long  Branch,  N.J 

Long  Branch,  Va 

Long  Cane,  Ga 

Long  Cane,  S.C 

Long  Creek,  Ark 

Long  Creek,  Ark 

Long  Creek,  Ark 

Long  Creek,  III 

Long  Creek,  Iowa 

Long  Creek,  N.C. 

Long  Creek,  N.C 

Long  Creek,  Ore 

Long  Creek,  Ore 

Long  Dale,  Va 

Long  Island,  Kan 

Long  Island  City,  N.Y. 

Long  Lake,  Mich 

Long  Lake,  Mich 

Long  Lake,  Minn 

Long  Lake,  Minn 

Long  Lake,  N.Y 

Long  Lake,  N.D 

Long  Lake,  Wis 

Long  Marsh,  Va 

Long  Meadow,  Mass.... 

Longmont,  Col 

Longmont,  Col 

Longmont,  Col 

Long  Pine,  Neb 

Long  Pine,  Neb 

Long  Point,  III 

Long  Prairie,  Minn 

Long  Prairie,  Minn 

Long  Prairie,  Mo 

Long  Rapids,  Mich 

Long  Ridge,  Cal 

Long  Springs,  Neb 

Longstreet,  Ga 

Long  Swamp,  Pa 

Long  Tom,  Ore 

Longton,  Kan 

Longton,  Kan 

Longueville,  La. 

Long  Valley,  Cal 

Long  View,  Ark 

Longview,  Ind 

Long  View,  Ky 

Longview,  Tex 

Longwood,  Fla 

Longwood,  Mo 

Lonoke,  Ark 

Lonoke,  Ark 

Loogootee,  Ind 

Looking  Glass,  111 

Looking  Glass,  Ore 

Lookout,  Kan 

Lookout,  N.M 

Lookout  Mountain,  Ga. 

Loomis,  S.D 

Looney,  Mo 

Loorey  Tavern,  Ala 

148 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-towu 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Chester 

Rockingham.... 

Guernsey 

Bedford 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Windham 

Chester 

Fulton 

San  Miguel 

Anderson 

Fayette 

Hot  Spring 

Meriwether 

Bates 

Hunt 

Lincoln 

Banner 

Gilliam 

Moody 

Eichland 

Rush 

Clay 

McPherson 

Pottawatomie... 

Chippewa 

Clay 

Dawes 

Merrick. 

Beaufort 

Yuba 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

Saline 

Monmouth 

Franklin 

Troup 

Abbeville.... 

Boone 

Carroll 

Clark 

Macon 

Decatur 

Mecklenburg.... 

Pender 

Grant 

Grant 

Alleghany 

Phillips 

Queens 

Grand  Traverse 

Osceola 

Crow  Wing 

Watonwan 

Hamilton 

Burleigh 

Washburn 

Clarke 

Hampden 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Weld 

Brown 

Rock 

Livingston 

Todd 

Todd 

Mississippi 

Alpena 

Trinity 

Banner 

Elbert 

Berks 

Lane 

Elk.... 

Elk 

La  Fourche 

Mendocino 

Ashley 

Montgomery.... 

Christian 

Gregg 

Orange 

Pettis 

Lonoke 

Lonoke 

Martin 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Ellis 

Lincoln 

Walker 

Hyde 

Polk 

Winston 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


621 
1,363 
1,320 
1,233 

727 
2,024 
2,454 
1,154 
2,148 


1,027 


1,497 

1,244 

79 

682 


329 


380 


85 

1,139 

576 

128 

544 


1,319 

2,068 

597 


1,152 
3,833 
1,947 
1,334 
2,138 
486 
674 


1,377 

795 

1,915 

1,392 

150 


•  633 

17,129 

454 


369 
324 


1,250 
1,401 


773 


1,125 
570 
220 
927 
891 
241 


956 
3,426 

356 
1,862 

255 

101 


385 

78 

3,182 

1,525 


969 
1,874 
659 
885 
1,916 
758 
252 


395 


2,117 


607 

1,220 

1,244 

1,611 

671 

2,381 

2,679 

1,010 

2,613 

661 

57 

864 

947 

403 

2,293 

841 

443 

763 

160 

221 

272 

342 

384 

520 

1,089 

530 

185 

1,075 

204 

2,327 

2,233 

480 

1,051 

564 

928 

7,231 

1,892 

982 

2,2a5 

518 

936 

147 

1,353 

994 

1,925 

1,080 

533 

60 

810 

877 

30,506 

492 

218 

249 

538 

580 

17 

118 

1,413 

2,183 

1,987 

1,543 

244 

562 

172 

1,129 

?800 

M06 

1,132 

817 

261 

388 

1,016 

3,007 

318 

1,225 

624 

228 

700 

364 

110 

977 

2,034 

57 

1,032 

2,491 

858 

988 

1,806 

349 

364 

406 

688 

70 

2,385 

845 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lopez  Island,  Wash.. 

Lorain,  Minn 

Lorain,  O 

Loraine,  III 

Loraine,  111 

Loraine,  Neb 

Loraine,  Wis 

Loramie,  O , 

Loramie's,  0 

Loran,  111 

Lorance,  Mo 

Lordsburg,  N.M 

Lordsburg,  N.M 

Lordstown,  0 

Lorenz,  Kan 

Loretta,  N.D 

Loretto,  Ky , 

Loretto,  Pa 

Lorin,  Cal 

Loring,  Alaska 

Lorraine,  Ga 

Lorraine,  N.Y 

Los  Alamos,  N.M 

Los  Alamositos,  N.M 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Los  Candelaries,  N.M... 

Los  Cenos,  N.M 

Log  Chavez,  N.M...., 
Loe  Coloniaa,  N.M.., 
Los  Dispensos,  N.M. 
Los  Esteritos,  N.M.. 

Los  Fuertes,  N.M 

Los  Gatos,  Cal 

Los  GriegoB,  N.M..., 
Los  Lentes,  N.M...., 

Lob  Lunas,  N.M 

Los  NietoB,  Cal , 

Lob  Ojos,  N.M 

Los  Padillas,  N.M.... 

Lob  PinoB,  Col 

Los  PinoB,  Col 

Los  PInos,  N.M , 

Los  Ranchos,  N.M... 

Lostant,  111 

Lost  Creek,  Ala 

Lost  Creek,  Ind , 

Lost  Creek,  Ky , 

Lost  Creek,  Mo 

Lost  Creek,  Neb 

Lost  Creek,  Neb , 

Lost  Creek,  O 

Lost  Grove,  Iowa 

Lostine,  Ore 

Lost  Island,  Iowa 

Lost  Nation,  Iowa... 
Lost  Torres,  N.M...., 

Lost  Prairie,  Ark 

Lost  Prairie,  Ore 

Lost  River,  Ind 

Lost  River,  Ore 

Lost  River,  W.  Va... 
Lost  Springs,  Kan... 

Lost  Valley,  Ore 

Los  Vigiles,  N.M 

Los  Yutas,  N.M 

LottB,  Iowa 

Lottsburg,  Va 

Lott's  Creek,  Iowa.. 

Louden,  III 

Loudon,  Ky 

Loudon,  N.H 

Loudon,  O 

Loudon,  0 

Loudon,  Tenn 

Loudon,  Tenn 

Loudon,  W.  Va 

Loudonville,  0 

Louergon,  Neb 

Louina,  Ala 

Louisa,  Ky 

Louisa,  Ky 

Louisa,  Va 

Louisburg,  Kan 

Louisburg,  Kan 

Louisburg,  N.C 

Louisburg,  N.C 

Louisiana,  Ark 

Louisiana,  Mo 

Louisville,  Ala 

Louisville,  Ala 

Louisville,  Col 

Louisville,  Col 

Louisville,  Ga 

Louisville,  Ga 

Louisville,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


poBt-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

civil  -■■■-*• 

post 

mag 

post- 


l-dist 
town 
.-fiist 
■vill 


precinct 


post 
mag 


■prect 
.-dist 


post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


San  Juan , 

Nobles 

Lorain 

Adams 

Henry , 

Banner 

Polk 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Stephenson.... 

Bollinger 

Grant , 

Grant 

Trumbull 

Garfield 

Grand  Forks., 

Marion 

Cambria 

Alameda 


Rockdale , 

Jefferson , 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel , 

Los  Angeles.... 
Los  Angeles.... 

Bernalillo 

Valencia , 

Valencia , 

San  Miguel , 

Sau  Miguel , 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel , 

Santa  Clara , 

Bernalillo , 

Valencia , 

Valencia , 

Los  Angeles..... 

Rio  Arriba 

Bernalillo 

Conejos 

Ouray , 

Rio  Arriba , 

TaoB , 

La  Salle 

Cleburne 

Vigo 

Perry , 

Wayne 

Deuel 

Platte 

Miami 

Webster 

Wallowa 

Palo  Alto 

Clinton 

San  Miguel 

Miller 

Wallowa 

Martin 

Klamath 

Hardy 

Marion 

Lane 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

Ringgold 

Northumberl'd 

Kossuth 

Fayette 

Whitley 

Merrimack 

Carroll 

Seneca 

Loudon 

Loudon 

Kanawha 

Ashland 

Keith 

Randolph 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Louisa 

Miami 

Montgomery.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Chicot 

Pike 

Barbour 

Barl)our 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Clay 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


169 
1,695 


618 


109 
1,730 


1,249 
2,836 


805 


2,341 

280 


669 
1,435 


11,183 


3,241 


363 
1,003 
1,835 


420 


1,450 
614 


132 
193 


1,323 

374 

1,765 


226 


779 
1,892 

443 
1,789 


1,221 
9B5 
4,315 
1,723 
832 
2,966 
1,497 


1,591 
2,394 

496 
6,928 

499 
1,867 
3,458 

730 
2,582 
4,325 
1,939 

211 


1,368 

575 

1,235 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Louisville,  111 post-Till 

Louisville,  Kan township 

Louisville,  Kan post-vill 

Louisville,  Ky city 

Louisville,  Minn township 

Loui.-iville,  Minn township 

Louisville,  Miss beat 

Louisville,  Miss post-vill 

Louisville,  Neb precinct 

Louisville,  Neb post-vill 

Louisville,  N.Y post-town 

Louisville,  0 post-vill 

Louisville,  Tenn post-vill 

Loup,  Neb township 

Loup,  Neb precinct 

Loup,  Neb township 

Loup,  Neb township 

Loup,  Neb township 

Loup,  Neb township 

Loup  City,  Neb post-vill 

Loup  Ferry,  Neb township 

Loup  Fork,  Neb precinct 

Louriston,  Minn post-twp 

Lousville,  N.C township 

Loutre,  Mo township 

Love,  Ga mil.-dist 

Lovejoy,  111 township 

Lovelace,  N.C post-twp 

Lovelaceville,  Ky mag.-dist 

Lovelaceville,  Ky post-vill 

Lovelady,  N.C township 

Lovelady,  N.C „ township 

Lovelaud,  Col precinct 

Loveland,  Col post-vill 

Loveland,  0 post-vill 

Loveland,  0 village 

Loveland,  O village 

Lovell,  Me post-town 

Lovelock's,  Nev post-vill 

Lovett,  Ind post-twp 

Lovettsville,  Va. mag.-dist 

Lovingston,  Va mag.-dist 

Lovingston,  Va post-vill 

Lovington.IlI township 

Lovington,  111 post-vill 

Lowden,  Iowa post-town 

Lowe,  Ga mil.-dist 

Lowe,  111 township 

Lowe,  Kan township 

Loye,  S.D township 

Lowe,  Tenn civil-dist 

Lowell,  Ala precinct 

Lowell,  Alaska hamlet 

Lowell,  Ga mil.-dist 

Lowell,  Ind posttown 

Lowell,  Kan post-twp 

Lowell,  Kan township 

Lowell,  Me township 

Lowell,  Me post-town 

Lowell,  Mass city 

Lowell,  Mich township 

Lowell,  Mich po8^vill 

Lowell,  Minn township 

Lowell,  Neb post  twp 

Lowell,  S.D township 

Lowell,  S.D township 

Lowell,  Vt post-town 

Lowell,  Wash post-prect 

Lowell,  Wis township 

Lowell,  Wis post-vill 

Lowellville,  0 post-vill 

Lower,  Ga township 

Lower,  N.J township 

Lower,  S.C township 

Lower  Allen,  Pa township 

Lower  Alloways  Creek, 

N.J township 

Lower  Alsea,  Ore precinct 

Lower  Apishapa,  Col....  precinct 

Lower  Ashland,  Ky mag.-dist 

Lower  Augusta,  Pa township 

Lower  Beaver,  Col precinct 

Lower  Blue  Lick,  Ky...  precinct 

Lower  Bois6,  Idaho precinct 

Lower  Boulder,  Mont.,   precinct 
Lower  Brush  Creek,  Ky  mag.-dist 

Lower  Burrell,  Pa. township 

Lower  Catlett8liurg,Ky  precinct 
Lower  Chanceford,  Pa.,  township 
Lower    Cherry    Creek, 

*c-.  Col precinct 

Lower  Chichester.  Pa...  township 
Lower  Clear  Creek,  &c., 

Col precinct 

Lower  Conetoe,  N.C township 

Lower  Cosby,  Tenn.„...  ciTil-dist 


Bank  of 
place. 


County. 


Clay 

Pottawatomie.^ 
Pottawatomie... 

Jefferson 

Polk 

Scott 

Winston 

Winston 

Cass 


614 

1,110 

432 

123,758 


Saint  Lawrence 

Stark 

Blount 

Buffalo 

Cherry 

Custer 

Merrick 

Platte 

Sherman 

Sherman  

Nance 

Howard 

Chippewa 

Columbus 

Audrain 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Wilkes 

Ballard 

Ballard 

Burke  

Caldwell 

Larimer 

Larimer 

Clermont 

Hamilton 

Warren 

Oxford 

Humboldt 

Jennings 

Loudoun 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Cedar 

Henry 

Moultrie 

Washington 

Deuel 

Campbell 

Baldwin 


Carroll 

Lake 

Cherokee 

Books 

Franklin 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Kent 

Kent 

Polk 

Kearney 

Marshall 

Potter 

Orleans 

Snohomish  ... 

Dodge 

Dodge , 

Mahoning 

Houston 

Cape  May 

Richland 

Cumberland.. 


Salem 

Benton 

Las  Animas 

Boyd 

Northumberl'd 

Fremont 

Nicholas 

Ada 

Jefferson 

Green 

Westmoreland.. 

Boyd 

York 


Arapahoe.. 
Delaware.. 


Arapahoe..... 
Edgecombe.. 
Cocke 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


408 

2,467 

418 

749 

321 

2,019 

1,050 

215 


300 


1,455 
727 
799 
756 

1,866 
181 

1,012 

1,804 


236 
595 


595 

1,077 


994 
3,442 
6,442 


2,063 
557 


1,356 
1,311 


1,010 


940 

458 

6,224 

367 

3 

433 

69,475 

3,037 

1,538 

329 

262 


1,057 


2,580 

400 

816 

1,942 

1,977 

8,881 

972 

1,373 
193 


1,904 
1,194 


1,392 


1,837 
940 
939 

2,471 


1,700 


637 
980 
382 
161,129 
467 
422 

3,433 
484 

1,043 
653 

1,676 

1,323 
314 
571 
232 
947 
785 
437 
990 
671 
363 
743 
271 
72 

1,632 
834 
874 
814 

2,047 
169 

1,130 

1,602 

1,733 
698 
761 
392 
761 
853 
552 
849 

3,210 

5,993 
300 

2,245 
767 
405 

1,148 

1,470 
549 
151 
949 
506 
12 

1,053 
761 

2,694 

531 

49 

439 

77,696 

3,145 

1,829 

498 

367 

246 

99 

1,178 
287 

2,492 
304 
762 

1,758 

1,156 
11,0;J2 

1,018 

1,308 
467 
122 

3,175 
839 
156 

1,235 

294 

44 

1,765 
839 

1,396 

2,512 

1,.318 
2,292 


2,295 
2,617      2,661 
8781        900 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Lower  Costilla,  N.M. 
Lower  Creek,  N.C... 
Lower  Craek,  N.C... 
Lower   Dry  Cimarron, 

N.M _ 

Lower  Elk,  Tenn 

Lower  Elkhorn,  Ky. 

Lower  Fifth,  Ga 

Lower  Fishing  Creek, 

N.C 

Lower  Fork,  Ga. 

Lower  Fork,  N.C 

Lower  Fourteenth,  Ga.. 
Lower  Gila  Biver,  N.M. 
Lower  Heidelberg,  Pa., 
Lower  Hightower,  Ga.. 
Lower  Hiwassee,  Ga.... 

Lower  Hominy,  N.C 

Lower  Johns  Creek,  Ky. 

Lower  Lafave,  Ark 

Lower  Loutre,  Mo 

Lower  Macungie,  Pa.... 
Lower  Mahanoy,  Pa..., 
Lower  Makefield,  Pa... 
Lower  Medicine,  Neb... 

Lower  Merion,  Pa 

Lower  Milford,  Pa 

Lower  Mimbres  Biver, 

N.M : 

Lower  Molalla,  Ore 

Lower  Mt.  Bethel,  Pa- 
Lower  Nazareth,  Pa, 
Lower  Nineteenth,  Ga.. 
Lower  Oxford,  Pa... 
Lower  Paxton,  Pa. . 
Lower  Peach  Tree,  Ala. 
Lower  Penasco,  N.M.. 
Lower    Penn's    Neck, 

N.J 

Lower  Platte,  Col... 
Lower  Poor  Fork,  Ky.. 
Lower  Precinct,  Ky..,, 
Lower  Providence,  Pa. 

Lower  Begions,  Ky 

Lower  Running  Water, 

Neb 

Lower  Sabine,  La... 
Lower  Saguache,  Col... 
Lower  Saint  Clair,  Pa. 

Lower  Salford,  Pa 

Lower  Santa  Fe,  N.M.. 
Lower  Saucon,  Pa.. 
Lower  Seventh,  Ga. 
Lower    Spring    Creek, 

Ga 

Lower    Squaw    Creek, 

Idaho 

Lower  Swatara,  Pa.... 
Lower  Surrounded 

Hill,  Ark 

Lower  Tenth,  Ga 

Lower  Towamensing, 

Pa 

Lower  Town,  Ky 

Lower  Town  Cr'k,  N.C. 

Lower  Trout,  Ore 

Lower  Turkeyfoot,  Pa. 

Lower  Tyrone,  Pa 

Lower  Windsor,  Pa,.... 

Lowery,  Ga 

Lower  Yoder,  Pa 

Lower  You  ng  Cane,  Ga. 

Lowe's,  Ky 

Low  Gap,  Ark 

Lowhill,  Pa 

Lowmoor,  Va 

Lowndes,  S.C 

Lowndesborough,  Ala 

Lowndesville,  S.C 

Lowndesville,  S.C 

Lownesville,  S.C 

Lowry  City,  Mo 

Lowville,  Minn 

Lowville,  N.Y 

Lowville,  N.Y 

Lowville,  Wis 

Loyal,  Wis 

Loyalhanna,  Pa 

Loyalsock,  Pa 

Loyal  Valley,  Tex 

Loyce,  Fla 

Lubec,  Me 

Lubeck,  W.  Va 

Lucas,  Ark 

Lucas,  111 

Lucas,  Iowa. , 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 
civil-dist 
precinct 
mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

ward 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 
township 

township 
mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

village 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Taos 

Burke.. 

Caldwell .. 


Colfax 

Campbell.. 

Pike , 

Houston... 


Edgecombe 

Lowndes 

Burke 

Houston 

Grant 

Berks 

Towns 

Towns 

Buncombe 

Pike 

Yell 

Montgomery.... 

Lehigh 

Northumberl'd 

Bucks 

Frontier 

Montgomery.... 
Lehigh 


Grant 

Clackamas 

Northampton.. 
Northampton.. 

Harris 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Wilcox 

Lincoln 


Salem 

Arapahoe 

Harlan 

Powell 

Montgomery.. 
Whitley 


Sioux 

Calcaaieu 

Saguache 

Alleghany 

Montgomery.. 

Santa  Fe 

Northampton.. 
Fayette 


Decatur.. 


Bois6 

Dauphin . 


Prairie 

Whitfield.. 


Carbon 

Daviess 

Edgecombe 

Crook 

Somerset 

Fayette 

York 

Laurens 

Cambria... 

Union 

Graves 

Johnson 

Lehigh 

Alleghany 

Colleton 

Lowndes 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Chester 

Saint  Clair 

Murray 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Columbia. 

Clark 

Westmoreland. 

Lycoming 

Mason 

Pasco 

Washington.... 

Wood 

Crittenden 

EflSngham 

Johnson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


901 
1,627 


901 

624 

1,016 

2,119 

1,011 

978 

1,000 


2,862 

464 

494 

1,030 

861 

1,046 

2,776 

3,952 

1,866 

2,163 


6,287 
1,563 


498 
1,661 
1,101 
1,209 
1,429 
1,615 
2,307 


1,334 


376 

794 

1,586 

1,266 


2,329 
1,828 


6,304 
1,520 

1,026 


1,601 

829 
730 

1,732 
8,355 
1,239 


806 
1,976 
2,638 


957 
612 


914 


1,666 

2,489 

2,930 

116 


68 

71 

3,188 


818 

560 

848 

1,818 


2,109 

2,123 

774 

938 

1,494 

149 


328 

767 

1,644 

97 

2,627 

914 

1,690 

1,713 

1,398 

1,040 

1,161 

190 

2,876 

397 

579 

1,233 

838 

480 

2,686 

3,657 

1,760 

2,028 

350 

10,362 

1,424 

630 

?600 
1,322 

930 
1,298 
1,384 
1,617 
2,309 

122 

1,289 
199 
480 
1,124 
1,374 
1,342 

123 
1,545 

186 
4,302 
1,755 
3,120 
3,913 
1,169 

1,082 

544 
793 

1,368 
662 

1,726 

7,364 

943 

89 

933 

2,163 

2,764 

662 

4,290 

674 

112 

149 

763 

989 

1,243 

2,983 

3,197 

268 

283 

368 

172 

8,684 

2,611 

733 

979 

930 

2,498 

119 

62 

2,069 

2,491 

1,109 

980 

1,242 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lncas,  Iowa 

Lucas,  Minn 

Lucas,  0 , 

Lucas,  S.D 

Lucas,  Wis 

Lucas  Mill,  Ky 

Luce,  Ind 

Luck,  Wis 

Luckamute,  Ore 

Luckeubach,  Tex 

Luddingtun,  Wis 

Ludell,  Kan 

Ludiugton,  Mich 

Ludlow,  111 

Ludlow,  111 

Ludlow,  Iowa. 

Ludlow,  Ky 

Ludlow,  Ky 

Ludlow,  Me 

Ludlow,  Mass 

Ludlow,  O 

Ludlow,  Vt 

Ludlow,  Vt 

Ludville,  Oa 

Ludwig,  Pa 

Lufkiu,  Tex 

Luis  Lopez,  N.M 

Lukin,  111 

Lulaton,  Ga 

Luling,  Tex -„... 

Lulu,  Kan 

Lumas,  Wash , 

Lumber,  Pa 

Lumber  Bridge,  N.C.. 

Lumber  City,  Ga 

Lumber  City,  Ga 

Lumber  City,  Pa , 

Lumberland,  N.T 

Lumberton,  N.J 

Lumberton,  N.C 

Lumberton,  N.C 

Lummi,  Wash , 

Lumpkin,  Ga 

Luna,  Wash 

Luna  Valley,  N.M 

Lund,  Minn 

Lunenburg,  Ark 

Lunenburg,  Mass 

Lunenburg,  Vt 

Lura,  Minn 

Luray,  Mo , 

Luray,  Va _ 

Luray,  Va 

Lurgan,  Pa '. , 

Lusby's  Mill,  Ky 

Lusk,  Wyo 

Lutesville,  Mo 

Luther,  Mich 

LuthersTille,  Ga , 

Lutherville,  Md , 

Lutz,  Neb , 

Luverne,  Ala 

Luverne,  Iowa 

Luverne,  Minn , 

LuTerne,  Minn , 

Luxembourg,  Wis 

Luxemburg,  Minu 

Luzerne,  N.Y 

Luzerne,  N.Y 

Luzerne,  Pa 

Luzerne,  Pa 

Lybert,  Ga 

Lycoming,  Pa 

Lyda,  Mo , 

Lydia,  Ala 

Lydia,  S.C , 

Lykens,  O , 

Lykens,  Pa. , 

Lykens,  Pa , 

Lyle,  Minn , 

Lyle,  Minn , 

Lyman,  111 

Lyman,  Me 

Lyman,  N.H 

Lyme,  Conn 

Lyme,  N.H 

Lyme,  N.Y 

Lyme,  O 

Lynch,  Mo 

Lynchburg,  111 

Lynchburg,  0 

Lynchburg,  S.C 

Lynchburg,  Tenn 

Lynchburg,  Va 

Lynches,  S.C 

Lynch's  Station,  Va... 
160 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

borough 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poet-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Lucas 

Lyon 

Richland 

Potter 

Dunn 

Russell 

Spencer 

Polk 

Polk 

Gillespie 

Eau  Claire 

Rawlins 

Mason 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Allamakee 

Kenton 

Kenton 

Aroostook. 

Hampden 

Washington.... 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Pickens 

Westmoreland. 

Angelina 

Socorro... , 

Lawrence , 

Wayne 

Caldwell , 

Mitchell 

Whatcom 

Cameron 

Robeson 

Telfair , 

Telfair 

Clearfield , 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Robeson 

Robeson 

Whatcom 

Stewart 

Klickitat 

Socorro 

Douglas , 

Izard , 

Worcester , 

Essex , 

Faribault 

Clark 

Page. 

Page 

Franklin , 

Owen 

Converse 

Bollinger 

Lake 

Meriwether 

Baltimore 

Dundy 

Crenshaw 

Kossuth 

Rock 

Rock 

Kewaunee 

Stearns^ 

Warren , 

Warren 

Fayette 

Luzerne 

Lincoln 

Lycoming 

Macon 

De  Kalb 

Darlington 

Crawford 

Dauphin , 

Dauphin 

Mower 

Mower 

Ford 

York 

Grafton 

New  London... 

Grafton , 

Jefferaon 

Huron , 

Texas 

Mason 

Highland 

Sumter 

Moore 

Campbell 

Florence 

Campbell 


981 
226 
381 


497 

956 

2,527 

270 


212 


4,190 
1,117 
293 
1,001 
6,073 


468 
1,526 
1,375 
2,005 
1,179 


603 


1,832 
779 

1,114 
745 


902 
1,356 
1,285 


298 
1,050 
1,689 
1,849 

533 


2,784 


348 

843 

1,101 

1,038 

580 

217 

2,301 

632 

1,324 

1,773 


311 


1,613 
382 


221 
679 


299 
1,438 

468 
1,744 


371 
639 
997 


1,543 

1,225 

1,256 

2,154 

636 

182 

1,235 

1,004 

654 

1,025 

1,313 

2,277 

2,575 

792 

684 

664 

2,780 

345 

15,959 


1,320 

466 

347 

187 

705 

1,065 

2,907 

393 

664 

345 

558 

506 

7,517 

1,152 

298 

860 

7,507 

2,469 

375 

1,939 

1,218 

1,768 

1,081 

541 

891 

529 

238 

1,765 

992 

1,792 

796 

178 

907 

2,110 

1,442 

471 

266 

875 

1,799 

2,420 

584 

230 

3,845 

222 

122 

627 

880 

1,146 

1,019 

487 

246 

3,737 

2,809 

1,281 

1,383 

253 

235 

1,084 

1,140 

663 

448 

451 

546 

394 

1,466 

1,600 

860 

1,679 

868 

1,849 

2,398 

436 

643 

983 

385 

1,513 

1,058 

1,242 

2,450 

683 

306 

1,298 

854 

543 

977 

1,154 

2,175 

2,988 

1,186 

668 

763 

3,441 

500 

19,709 

1,013 

213 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lynd,  Minn 

Lyndeborough,  N.H.... 

Lynden,  Minn 

Lynden,  Wash 

Lynden,  Wash 

Lyndon,  111 

Lyndon,  111 

Lyndon,  Kan 

Lyndon,  Mich 

Lyndon,  Neb 

Lyndon,  N.Y 

Lyndon,  Vt 

Lyndon,  Wis 

Lyndon,  Wis 

Lyndon  Station,  Wis... 

Lyndonville,  Vt 

Lynn,  111 

Lynn,  111 

Lynn,  Ind 

Lynn,  Ind 

Lynn,  Iowa 

Lynn,  Mass 

Lynn,  Mich 

Lynn,  Minn , 

Lynn,  Mo 

Lynn,  Mo 

Lynn,  Neb , 

Lynn,  O , 

Lynn,  Pa. , 

Lynn,  S.D 

Lynn,  S.D 

Lynn,  S.D 

Lynn,  Wis 

Lynne,  Utah 

Lynnfield,  Mass 

Lynn  Grove,  Iowa. 

Lynnville,  111 

Lynnville,  111 

Lynnville,  Iowa. 

Lynnville,  Ky 

Lynnville,  Tenn 

Lynxville,  Wis , 

Lyon,  Iowa 

Lyon,  Iowa. 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Kan„ 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Ky 

Lyon,  Mich 

Lyon,  Mo 

Lyon,  Mo 

Lyon,  Mo 

Lyon,  S.D 

Lyon,  W.  Va 

Lyons,  Ac,  Cal 

Lyons,  Col 

Lyons,  Col 

Lyons,  111 

Lyons,  111 

Lyons,  Iowa 

Lyons,  Iowa 

Lyons,  Iowa 

Lyons,  Kan 

Lyons,  Mich 

Lyons,  Mich 

Lyons,  Minn 

Lyons,  Neb 

Lyons,  N.Y 

Lyons,  N.Y 

Lyons,  S.C 

Lyons,  S.D 

Lyons,  Wis 

Lyonsdale,  N.Y 

Lyra,  Minn 

Lysander,  N.Y 

Lytle  Fork,  Ky 

Mabel,  Minn 

Mable,  Ore 

Mableton,  Ga 

MacAdoo,  Kan 

MacAfee,  Ky 

MacA lister,  Ky 

MacAlliister,  Kan 

MacArthur,  O 

MacArthur,  0 

MacBride,  Ala 

MacBride,  Ga 

MacBride's,  Mich 

MacCalmont,  Pa 

MacCameron,  Ind. 

MacCamish,  Kan 

MacCammon,  Idaho 

MacCandless.  Pa 

MacCardle,  Neb 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

I)ost-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Lyon 

Hillsborough.. 

Stearns 

Whatcom 

Whatcom 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 


Washtenaw.. 

Furnas 

Cattaraugus.. 

Caledonia 

Juneau 

Sheboygan ... 

Juneau 

Caledonia 

Henry 

Knox 

Posey 

Randolph 

Sioux 

Essex 

Saint  Clair... 

McLeod 

Audrain , 

Oregon 

Clay 

Hardin 

Lehigh 

Day 

Lincoln 

Moody 

Clark 

Weber 

Essex 

Jasper „ 

Morgan 

Ogle 

Jasper 

Graves 

Giles 

Crawford 

Hamilton 

Lyon 

Cherokee 

Cloud 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Geary 

Lawrence 

Oakland 

Franklin 

Knox 

Lewis 

Brul6 

Preston 

San  Diego 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Cook 

Cook 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Mills 

Rice 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Lyon 

Burt 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Orangeburg .. 
Minnehaha... 

Walworth 

Lewis 

Blue  Earth... 

Onondaga 

Scott 

Fillmore 

Lane 

Cobb 

Barber 

Mercer 

Hickman 

Logan 

Logan 

Vinton 

Butler 

Washington.. 

Montcalm 

Jefferson 

Martin 

Johnson 

Bingham 

Alleghany.... 
Douglas 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


MacCartby,  Cal 

MacCauIeyville,  Minn.. 

MacClellan,  111 

MacClellan,  Ind 

MacClellan,  W.  Va 

MacClelland,  Kan 

MacCIellanville,  S.C 

MacCIure,  Neb 

MacClure,  O 

MacCotnas,  W.  Va. 

MacComb,  Miss 

MacCoinb,  0 

MacConathy,  Ala 

MacCoDuell,  Ark 

MacConnellsburg,  Pa  .. 

MacCionnelsville,  0 

MacCook,  Neb 

MacCool,  Ark 

MacCool,  Miss 

MacCool  Junct'n,  Neb. 

MacCord,  Ala 

MacCoy,  Ore 

MacCracken,  Kan 

MacCrea,  Minn 

MacCredie,  Mo 

MacCrory,  Ark 

MacCune,  Kan 

MacCurry,  Qa 

MacDades  Pond,  Fla.... 

MacDaniel,  N.C 

MacDonald,  Ga. 

Mac  Donald,  Ga 

MacDonald,  Ga 

MacDonald,  Mo 

MacDonald,  Mo 

MacDonald,  0 

MacDonald,  Pa 

MacDonald8yille,Minn. 

MacDonongli,  Ga 

MacDonough,  Ga 

MacDonough,  N.T 

MacDonougb  villa,  La... 

Macedon,  N.Y 

Macedon,  N.Y 

Macedonia,  Fla. 

Macedonia,  Iowa 

Macedonia,  Neb 

Macedonia,  Tenn 

MacElmo,  Utah 

MacElroy,  W.  Va. 

MacEwen,  Tenn 

MacEwensville,  Pa 

MacFadden,  Neb 

MacFall,  Ark 

MacFall,  Mo 

MacFarlan,  111 

MacFarland,  Wis 

MacFerran,  Col 

MacGehee,  Ala 

MacGill,  Ala 

MacGrawville,  N.Y 

MacGregor,  Iowa 

MacGregor,  Tex 

MacGuire,  Neb 

MacHague,  Ky 

Maclien,  Ga 

MacHenry,  III 

MacHenry,  111 

MacHenry,  Ky 

MacHenry,  Pa 

Machias,  Me 

Macbias,  N.Y 

Machiasport,  Me 

Macintosh,  Ga 

Maclntyre,  Pa. 

MacKean,  0 

MacKean,  Pa 

MacKee,  111 

MacKee,  Ky 

MacKeesport,  Pa 

MacKee's  Bocks,  Pa.... 

MacKennon,  Ark 

MacKenzie,  N.D 

MacKenzie,  Ore 

MacKenzie,  Tenn 

Mackford,  WiB..„ 

MacKinn,  W.  Va 

Mackinac,  Micb 

Mackinaw,  111 

Mackinaw,  111 

Mackinaw,  Mich 

Mackinaw  City,  Mich.. 

MacKinley,  Ala , 

MacKinley,  .Ma , 

MacKinney,  Ky , 

MacKinney,  Tex 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

inag.^dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

Ix)st-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 


County. 


San  Diego 

Wilkin 

Jefferson..- 

Newton 

Do<ldridge 

Pratt 

Charleston 

Holt 

Henry 

Cabell 

Pike 

Hancock 

Clay 

Chicot 

Fulton 

Morgan 

Bed  Willow 

Perry 

Attala 

York 

Coosa 

Polk 

Bush 

Marshall 

Callaway 

Woodruff. 

Crawford 

Hart 

Walton 

Sampson 

Coffee 

Murray 

Twiggs 

Barry 

Jasper 

Hardin 

Washington 

Norman 

Henry 

Henry 

Chenango 

Jefferson 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Madison 

Pottawattamie 

Chiise 

Maury 

San  Juan 

Tyler 

Humphreys 

Northumberl'd 

York 

Arkansas 

Gentry 

Hardin 

Dane 

El  Paso 

Montgomery ... 

Mobile 

Cortland 

Clayton 

MacLennan 

Keya  Paha 

Laurel 

Jasper 

McHenry 

McHenry 

Ohio 

Lycoming 

Washington.... 

Cattaraugus 

Washington .... 

Butts 

Lycoming 

Licking. 

Erie 

Adams 

Jackson 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Johnson 

Burleigh 

Lane 

Carroll 

Green  Lake 

Pleasants 

Mackinac 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Cheboygan 

Cheboygan. ...„. 

Marengo 

Monroe 

Lincoln 

Collin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


291 
1,026 

155 
1,717 


1,964 

1,982 
417 
958 

2,575 
684 

1,473 


322 


170 
1,354 

295 
1,086 


904 
909 
659 
1,181 
1,449 
425 
500 

320 
1,298 


2,871 
538 


1,051 
'i',672 

1,944 
""283 


212 

115 

1,006 

168 


3,048 
409 
637 

1,602 


1,102 


2,313 

874 

124 

362 

2,203 

1,545 

1,531 


1,637 
981 

1,394 

1,302 
787 

8,212 


194 


49 


1,382 
977 
720 

1,627 
482 


3,121 

1,524 

200 

1,479 


172 

270 

1,105 

178 

2,270 

318 

974 

143 

332 

2,178 

2,383 

1,030 

1,254 

3,111 

594 

1,771 

2,346 

266 

246 

204 

813 

370 

281 

191 

693 

299 

700 

1,581 

214 

1,078 

1,350 

1,033 

703 

1,244 

1,205 

1,809 

1,698 

322 

2,414 

515 

1,025 

2,236 

2,564 

633 

989 

802 

448 

808 

16 

2,363 

213 

262 

913 

1,616 

528 

1,170 

166 

266 

2,955 

.339 

732 

1,160 

774 

366 

1,283 

228 

2,655 

979 

463 

608 

2,036 

1,536 

1,437 

315 

845 

866 

1,330 

1,065 

1,101 

20,741 

1,687 

217 

112 

117 

1,166 

1,514 

1,064 

750 

1,474 

545 

475 

333 

3,173 

2,009 

226 

2,489 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


MacKinneysbnrg,  Ky.. 

Macksburg,  Iowa 

Macksburg,  0 

Macksville,  Kan 

Mackville,  Ky 

MacLaren,  Ark 

MacLean,  111 

MacLean,  0 

MacLeanaborough,  111.. 
MacLeansborough,  III.. 

MacLendon,  Ga 

Maclenny,  Fla 

Maclenny,  Fla 

MacLeod,  Ala 

MacLeod,  Mont 

MacLouth,  Kan 

MacMahon,  Ga 

MacMechen,  W.  Va 

MacMillan,  Mich 

MacMillan,  Mich 

MacMillan,  Mo 

MacMillan,  Wis 

MacMillans,  S.C 

MacMinnville,  Ore 

MacMinnrille,  Tenn.... 

MacMullen,  Ga 

MacMurie,  Ala.........^. 

MacNeil,  Ark 

MacNeil,  Ark 

MacNeil  Island,  Wash.. 

MacNeills,  N.C 

MacNett,  Pa 

Macomb,  111 

Macomb,  111 

Macomb,  Mich 

Macomb,  N.Y 

Macon,  Ala 

Macon,  Ala 

Macon,  Fla 

Macon,  Ga 

Macon,  111 

Macon,  111 

Macon,  Kan 

Macon,  Mich 

Macon,  Miss 

Macon,  Neb 

Macon,  Va 

Macon  City,  Mo 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Minn. 

MacBae,  Ga 

MacSherrystown,  Pa.... 

MacTier,  S.C 

Macungie,  Pa 

MacVeytown,  Pa 

MacWilliams,  Ga 

MacWilliams,  Neb 

Macy,  Ind 

Madawaska,  Me 

Madbury,  N.H 

Maddox,  Ala 

Madelia,  Minn 

Madelia,  Minn 

Madera,  Cal 

Madison,  Ala 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Conn 

Madison,  Fla 

Madison,  Fla 

Madison,  Oa 

Madison,  111 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  lud 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Iowa 

Mauligon,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

post  boro' 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Coanty. 


Pendleton 

Madison 

Washington 

Stafford „. 

Washington 

Conway 

McLean „ 

Shelby 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Troup 

Baker 

Baker 

Qarke 

Park 

Jefferson 

Dade 

Marshall 

Luce 

Ontonagon 

McDonald 

Marathon 

Florence 

Yam  Hill 

Warren 

Henry 

Blount 

Columbia 

Columbia. 

Pierce 

Moore 

Lycoming 

McDonough .... 
McDonough . ... 

Macomb 

Saint  Lawrence 

Hale 

Marengo 

Pasco 

Bibb 

Bureau 

Macon 

Harvey 

Lenawee 

Noxubee 

Franklin 

Powhatan 

Macon.. 

McPherson 

McPherson 

Pratt 

Sherman 

Blue  Earth 

Telfair 

Adama 

Aiken 

Lehigh 

Mifflin 

De  Kalb 

Otoe 

Miami 

Aroostook 

Strafford 

Calhoun 

Watonwan 

Watonwan 

Fresno 

Madison 

Grant 

Howard 

Saint  Francis.... 

New  Haven 

Madison 

Madison.._ 

Morgan 

Bichland 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Dubois 

Jay 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Montgomery,... 

Morgan 

Pike 

Putnam 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Tipton 

Washington 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Clarke 

Fremont. 

Hancock -... 


Popnlation. 


1880.      1800. 


1,329 
204 
249 

1,977 


490 
1,645 


1,341 
921 
647 


371 


283 


632 


2,120 
670 

1,244 
966 


1,213 
399 
3,273 
3,140 
2,045 
1,731 
3,434 
1,932 


12,749 

768 

793 

574 

1,423 

2,074 


2,964 
3,046 
2,267 
1,590 


1,017 
847 
439 
660 
701 
679 


467 
290 

1,391 
396 

1,269 
678 
489 
217 


1,035 

836 

2,661 

1,672 

5,176 

766 

1,974 

1,572 

1,477 

785 

1,313 

1,743 

1,171 

1,371 

13,628 

8,946 

1,142 

865 

746 

1,090 

1,907 

2,074 

902 

710 

475 

714 

1,089 

227 

161 


1,492 

186 

633 

16« 

1,728 

794 

600 

1,668 

2,562 

1,365 

904 

898 

334 

633 

lU 

311 

643 

427 

1,949 

507 

1,363 

439 

2,187 

1,368 

1,677 

828 

189 

843 

294 

161 

1,396 

619 

1,221 

4,062 

1,721 

1,416 

3,524 

1,968 

425 

22,746 

731 

819 

713 

1,196 

1,565 

398 

2,785 

3,371 

699 

3,172 

421 

537 

1,242 

871 

1,020 

600 

64i 

699 

416 

1,123 

316 

1,451 

367 

1,796 

641 

862 

950 

1,619 

1,326 

394 

4,026 

1,429 

3,040 

781 

2,131 

1,444 

1,619 

985 

1,442 

2,352 

1,166 

1,435 

13,027 

8,936 

1,142 

773 

826 

1,082 

2,065 

2,703 

949 

884 

604 

687 

1,048 

436 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Madison,  Iowa.. 


Mad 
Mad; 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad: 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad: 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 


son,  Iowa.. 
ison,  Iowa., 
son,  Iowa., 
son,  Iowa., 
son,  Iowa.. 
son,  Iowa., 
son,  Iowa., 
son,  Kan... 
son,  Kan. .. 
son,  Kan... 
son,  Kan... 

son.  Me 

son,  Mich- 
son,  Minn., 
son,  Minn. 

sou,  Mo 

son.  Mo 

son,  Mo..... 

son.  Mo 

son.  Mo..... 

son.  Mo 

son,  Mo 

son.  Mo 

son.  Mo.... 
son  Mont., 
son.  Neb... 
son.  Neb.... 
son.  Neb.... 
son,  N.H.... 


Madison,  N.J.. 


Mad 


son,  N.Y.. 


Madison,  N.Y.. 


Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad: 
Mad: 
Mad: 
Mad 
Mad 
Mad: 


Mad 
Mad 
Mad 


son,  N.C., 
son,  N.C. 
son,  N.C. 

son,  0 

son,  0..... 

son,  0 

son,  0..... 

son,  0 

son,  O 

son,  0 

son,  0 


Madison,  0. 


son,  0.. 
son,  0. 
son,  0.. 


Madison,  O.. 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad: 

Mad 

Mad: 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad 

Madi 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad 

Mad: 

Mad 

Mad 


son,  0. 

son,  0. 

son,  0. 

ison,  0. 

son,  0 

son,  0 

sou,  0 

son,  0 

son,  0 

son.  Pa 

son.  Pa 

son.  Pa 

son,  Pa 

son.  Pa 

son,  Pa 

son,  S.D 

son,  S.D 

son,  S.D 

Madison,  Ya 

Madison,  Va 

Madison,  Ya 

Madison,  Ya 

Madison,  Ya 

Madison,  Wis 

Madison,  Wis 

Madison  C.-H.,  Ya 

Madison  C's  BMs,  Ala. 

Madisonville,  Ky 

Madisonville,  La 

Madisouville,  La 

Madisonville,  O 

Madisonville,  Tenn 

Madisonville,  Tex 

Madrid,  Iowa 

Madrid,  Me 

Madrid,  Neb 

Madrid,  Neb 

Madrid,  N.Y 

Madrid,  N.Y 

Madrid  Bend,  Ky 

Mad  River,  Cal._ 

Mad  River,  0 

Mad  River,  0 

Mad  River,  O 

Maesville,  Minn 

Magazine,  Ark 

Magazine,  Ark 

152 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-viU 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vlU 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town. 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

village 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vlU 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dlst 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Johnson 

Jones 

Lee 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Polk 

Poweshiek 

Winneshiek 

Greenwood 

Greenwood 

Lincoln 

Biley 

Somerset 

Lenawee 

Lac-qui-Parle.. . 
Lac-qui-Parle.„ 

Cedar 

Clark 

Grundy 

Harriaon 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Polk 

Gallatin„ 

Fillmore 

Madison 

Madison 

Carroll 

Middlesex 

Madison 

Madison 

Guilford 

Rockingham.... 
Rockingham.... 

Butler 

Clark 

Columbiana 

Fayette 

Fairfield 

Fraukliu 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Highland 

Jackson 

Lake 

Lake 

Licking 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Blchland 

Sandusky 

Scioto 

Vinton 

Williams 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Columbia 

Lackawanna.... 

Perry 

Westmoreland.. 

Edmunds 

Grant 

Lake 

Caroline 

Charlotte 

Cumberland 

Orange 

Shenandoah 

Cane 

Dane 

Madison 

Madison 

Hopkins 

Saint  Charles... 
St.  Tammany... 

Hamilton 

Monroe 

Madison 

Boone 

Franklin 

Perkins 

Perkins 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Fulton 

Humboldt .... 
Champaign... 

Clark 

Montgomery 

Grant 

Logan 

Yell , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


625 

1,262 

4,860 

842 

954 

1,892 

805 

781 

849 

123 

323 

727 

1,315 

1,313 

222 


1,695 
908 
1,091 
1,089 
1,234 
3,012 
1,286 
315 
1,709 


683 


417 

586 

1,662 

2,474 

320 

829 

1,851 

361 

2,556 

2,396 

1,144 

1,406 

1,387 

.3,853 

1,160 

1,232 

3,668 

2,113 

2,720 

793 

929 

2,306 

1,128 

714 

896 

11,675 

1,886 

1,852 

2,217 

1,798 

1,950 

2,100 

1,074 

1,091 

1,699 

190 


96 
4,086 
3,562 
3,485 
4,233 
3,241 
736 
10,324 
461 


1,544 


441 
1,274 


200 
437 


2,145 

761 

332 

638 

1,997 

1,812 

2,091 

159 

478 

1,676 


531 

1,124 

7,901 

1,061 

764 

1,501 

736 

676 

1,665 

623 

314 

1,027 

1,815 

1,406 

486 

626 

1,912 

921 

1,170 

1,437 

1,248 

3,348 

1,363 

486 

2,351 

116 

749 

1,336 

930 

554 

1,520 

2,316 

390 

901 

1,952 

460 

2,181 

2,204 

970 

1,429 

1,285 

3,367 

1,038 

1,433 

3,675 

1,998 

2,630 

738 

1,014 

2,173 

979 

666 

828 

16;467 

2,115 

1,608 

1,640 

1,868 

1,763 

1,759 

1,072 

1,267 

1,584 

201 

46 

266 

1,736 

.3,840 

3,370 

3,196 

4,1-29 

3,332 

919 

13,426 

353 

1,257 

2,212 

469 

574 

2,214 

313 

418 

565 

441 

687 

178 

1,969 

606 

322 

1,303 

2,026 

1,750 

4,005 

241 

183 

1,433 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Magdalena,  N.M 

Magee,  Col 

Maggodee,  Ya 

Maguess,  Ark 

Mi^et  Cove,  Ark 

Magnetic  Springs,  0... 

Magnolia,  Ark 

Magnolia,  Ark 

Magnolia,  Col 

Magnolia,  Del 

Magnolia,  Ga 

Magnolia,  111 

Magnolia,  111 

Magnolia,  Iowa 

Magnolia,  Minn 

Magnolia,  Miss 

Magnolia,  N.C 

Magnolia,  N.C 

Magnolia,  S.C~ 

Magnolia,  S.C 

Magnolia,  W.  Ya 

Magnolia,  W.  Ya 

Magnolia,  Wis 

Magor,  Iowa 

Mahaffey,  Pa 

Mahauoy,  Pa 

Mahauoy  City,  Pa 

Mahumet,  111 

Mahomet,  111 

Mahoning,  Pa 

Mahoning,  Pa 

Mahoning,  Pa 

Mahoning,  Pa 

Mah-to-wa,  Minn 

Maiden,  N.C 

Maiden  Creek,  Pa- 

Maiden  Bock,  Wis 

Maiden  Bock,  Wis 

Maidstone,  Yt 

Maiden  Spring,  Ya 

Maine,  111 

Maine,  Iowa 

Maine,  Minn 

Maine,  N.Y 

Maine,  Pa 

Maine,  WtB« 

Maine,  Wis 

Maine  Prairie,  Cal 

Maine  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Maiuesburg,  Pa 

Maineville,  O 

Main  Shore,  Ark 

Maltland,  Mo 

Makanda,  111 

Makauda,  111 

Makee,  Iowa 

Makeymute,  Alaska 

Makushln,  Alaska 

Malad,  Idaho 

Malad,  Idaho 

Malad,  Utah 

Malaga,  O 

Malaka,  Iowa 

Malco,  Fla 

Malcom,  Iowa 

Maiden,  111 

Maiden,  Mass 

Maiden,  Mo 

Maiden,  W.  Ya 

Maiden,  W.Va 

Malheur,  Ore 

Malheur,  Ore 

Mallard  Creek,  N.C 

Mallory,  Ga 

Mallory,  Iowa 

Malone,  111 

Malone,  N.M 

Malone,  N.Y 

Malone,  N.Y 

Malta,  Col 

Malta,  Idaho 

Malta,  111 

Malta,  111 

Malta,  Minn 

Malta,  N.Y 

Malta,  0 

Malta,  O 

Malta  Bend,  Mo 

Malvern,  Ark 

Malvern,  Iowa 

Malvern,  Iowa 

Malvern,  0 

Malvern,  Pa 

Mamakating,  N.Y 

Mamaroneck,  N.Y 

Mamelle,  -Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

mll.-dlst 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

po6t-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post- Till 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dlst 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 


post 
post 


■viU 
■prect 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 


post- 
post- 
post 
townsh 


vill 
•town 
•town 
lip 
vill 


post 

post 

post-boro' 


t-vill 


township 
post-town 
township 


County. 


Socorro 

Yuma 

Franklin 

Lonoke 

Hot  Spring.. 

Union 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Boulder 

Kent 

Clinch 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Harrison 

Bock 

Pike 

Duplin 

Dupliu 

Abbeville 

Sumter... 

Logan 

Wetzel 

Bock 

Hancock 

Clearfield 

Schuylkill. .. 
Schuylkill... 
Champaign.. 
Champaign.. 
Armstrong.. 

Carbon 

Lawrence.... 

Montour 

Carlton , 

Catawba 

Berks. 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Essex 

Tazewell ., 

Cook 

Linn 

Otter  Tail.... 

Broome 

Columbia 

Marathon.... 
Outagamie.. 

Solano 

Stearns 

Tioga. 

Warren 

Greene 

Holt 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Allamakee .. 


Logan 

Oneida 

Box  Elder 

Monroe 

Jasper. 

Lee 

Poweshiek...... 

Bureau 

Middlesex 

Dunklin. 

Kanawha 

Kanawha 

Harney 

Malheur 

Mecklenburg.. 

Wilkes 

Clayton 

Tazewell 

Grant 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lake 

Cassia 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Big  Stone 

Saratoga 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Saline 

Hot  Spring 

Mills 

Mills 

Carroll 

Chester 

Sullivan 

Westchester... 
Pulaski 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Mauiniotb  HoIlow,Utah 
Mauiiiioth  Spring,  Ark. 

Mamre,  Miuu 

Manalapan,  N.J 

lUananaah,  Minn 

Maiiauuan,  Minn 

Manasquan,  N.J 

Manassa,  Col 

Mauassa,  Col 

MauasHas,  Va 

Manassas,  Ya 

Manatee,  Fla 

Manatee,  Fla 

Mauawa,  Wis 

Maiicelona,  Mich 

Mtincelona,  Mich 

Manchester,  Ark 

Manchester,  Ark 

Manchester,  Conn 

Manchester,  111 

Manchester,  111 

Manchester,  Ind 

Manchester,  Iowa 

Manchester,  Ky 

Manchester,  Me 

Manchester,  Md 

Manchester,  Md 

Manchester,  Mass 

Manchester,  Mich 

Manchester,  Mich 

Manchester,  Minn 

Manchester,  Neb 

Manchester,  N.H 

Manchester,  N.J 

Manchester,  N.J , 

Manchester,  N.Y , 

Manchester,  0 

Manchester,  O 

Manchester,  0 

Manchester,  Pa 

Manchester,  Pa 

Manchester,  Pa 

Manchester,  S.C 

Manchester,  S.D , 

Manchester,  Tenn 

Manchester,  Vt 

Manchester,  Va ..., 

Manchester,  Va 

Manchester,  Wis 

Manchester,  Wis 

Mancos,  Col 

Mandan,  N.D 

Mandarin,  Fla 

Mandeville,  La 

Mandt,  Minn 

Manfred,  Minn 

Mangohick,  Va ». 

Mangum,  N.C 

Mangum,  Okia 

Maugus,  N.M 

Manhattan,  111 

Manhattan,  111 

Manhattan,  Kan 

Manhattan,  Kan , 

Manhoim,  N.Y 

Manheim,  Pa 

Manhuim,  Pa 

Manheim,  Pa 

Manilla,  Iowa 

Manistee,  Mich 

Manistee,  Mich 

Manistique,  Mich 

Manistique,  Mich 

Manito,  III 

Manito,  111 

Manitou,  Col 

Manitou,  Mich 

Manitou  Springs,  Col... 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Manitowoc  Rapids, Wis, 

Mankato,  Kan 

Mankato,  Minn 

Mankato,  Minn , 

Manley,  Ga 

Manlius,  III 

Manilas,  111 

Manlius,  Mich 

Manlius,  N.Y 

Manlius,  N.Y , 

Manly,JS.C 

Mann,  Ga , 

Mann,  Pa 

Mann  Creek,  Idaho 

Manney  Neck,  N.C 

Mannfield,  Fla 

11 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

po6t-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

I)08t-Vill 
I)08t-Vlll 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 


County. 


Juab 

Fulton 

Kandiyohi.. 
Monmouth.. 

Meeker , 

Meeker. 

Monmouth.. 

Conejos 

Conejos 

Prince  William 
Prince  William 

Manatee 

Manatee 

Waupaca 

Antrim 

Antrim 

Clark 

Dallas 

Hartford 

Boone 

Scott 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Clay 

Kennebec 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Essex 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw...... 

Freeborn 

Boone 

Hillsborough... 

Ocean 

Passaic 

Ontario 

Adams 

Adams 

Morgan 

Wayne 

York 

York 

Sumter 

Kingsbury 

Coffee 

Bennington 

Chesterfield 

Chesterfield 

Green  Lake 

Jackson 

Montezuma 

Morton 

Duval 

St.  Tammany... 

Chippewa 

Lac-qui-Parle... 
King  William- 
Durham 

Greer. 

Socorro 

Will 

Will 

Biley 

Riley 

Herkimer 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

York 

Crawford 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Schoolcraft 

Schoolcraft 

Mason 

Mason 

El  Paso 

Manitou 

El  Paso 

Manitowoc- 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Jewell 

Blue  Earth 

Blue  Earth 

Franklin 

Bureau 

La  Salle 

Allegan 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Moore 

Morgan 

Bedford 

Washington 

Hertford 

Citrus 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


291 
656 
2,175 
650 
114 


260 

1,949 

361 


364 

429 

105 

1,220 

800 

6,462 

929 

394 

2,213 

2,275 

3,833 

623 

3,501 

640 

1,640 

2,394 

1,156 

784 

816 

32,630 

1,057 

1,513 

3,920 

1,493 

1,455 

723 

1,393 

2,636 

430 

690 


438 
1,928 
8,887 
6,729 
1,199 

505 


239 


763 

172 

138 

2,549 

2,354 


930 


961 
2,105 
2,421 
2,935 
1,666 
1,293 


773 

6,930 

693 


1,237 
434 


73 

422 

1,282 

6,367 

2,077 

506 

1,284 

5,550 

967 

984 

2,114 

1,026 

5.954 

834 

161 

729 

834 


1,482 


286 

1,697 

608 

2,002 

562 

662 

1,506 

769 

642 

2,287 

630 

643 

289 

350 

2,323 

1,205 

1,648 

1,476 

8,222 

.     936 

408 

1,776 

2,344 

?  4,000 

612 

3,464 

273 

1,789 

2,178 

1,191 

860 

1,485 

44,126 

1,057 

2,576 

4,439 

1,988 

1,965 

621 

1,262 

1,783 

613 

653 

380 

621 

1,907 

13,6.S2 

9,246 

1,024 

660 

635 

1,328 

2,307 

1,012 

450 

138 

2,411 

2,419 

202 

193 

1,061 

267 

995 

3,004 

3,809 

2,883 

2,070 

1,258 

526 

2,631 

12,812 

2,161 

2,940 

1,187 

444 

1,613 

105 

1,439 

1,275 

7,710 

1,914 

800 

1,364 

8,838 

692 

810 

2,683 

1,140 

6,463 

942 

192 

882 

891 

292 

1,628 

303 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Manning,  Iowa 

Manning,  N.C 

Manning,  N.D 

Manning,  S.C 

Manning,  S.C 

Manning,  S.C 

Mauningbam,  Ala.... 

Mannington,  N.J 

Mannington,  W.  Va.. 
Mannington,  W.  Va.. 
Mann's  Choice,  Pa.... 

Mannsville,  Ky 

Mannsville,  Ky 

Mannsville,  N.Y 

Manor,  Pa 

Manor,  Pa 

Manor,  Pa 

Manor,  Tex 

Manorville,  Pa 

Mansfield,  Ark 

Mansfield,  Conn 

Mansfield,  111 

Mansfield,  La 

Mansfield,  Mass 

Mansfield,  Minn 

Mansfield,  N.J 

Mansfield,  N.J 

Mansfield,  N.Y 

Mansfield,  0 

Mansfield,  Pa. 

Mansfield,  Pa 

Mansfield,  Tex 

Manson,  Iowa 

Manston,  Minn 

Mansura,  La 

Manteno,  III 

Manteno,  III 

Manti,  Utah 

Manti,  Uteh 

Manton,  Mich 

Mantorville,  Minn... 
Mantorville,  Minn... 

Mantua,  Ala 

Mantua,  Iowa 

Mantua,  N.J 

Mantua,  O 

Mantua,  Utah 

Mantua,  Va 

Mantua  Station,  0..... 

Manuelitas,  N.M 

Manvilla,  Ala. 

Many,  La 

Many,  La , 

Manyaska,  Minn 

Manzano,  N.M 

Maple,  Iowa 

Maple,  Iowa 

Maple,  Kan 

Maple,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Wis 

Maple  Forest,  Mich... 
Maple  Grove,  Mich... 
Maple  Grove,  Mich.... 
Maple  Grove,  Mich... 
Maple  Grove,  Minn... 

Maple  Grove,  Neb 

Maple  Grove,  Wis 

Maple  Grove,  Wis. 

Maple  Grove,  Wis 

Maple  Hill,  Kan , 

Maple  Lake,  Minn.... 

Maple  Park,  111 , 

Maple  Rapids,  Mich.. 
Maple  Ridge,  Mich..., 
Maple  Ridge,  Mich.... 
Maple  Ridge,  Minn.. 
Maple  River,  Mich... 
Maple  River,  N.D..... 

Maple  River,  N.D 

Maplesville,  Ala. 

Mapleton,  Iowa 

Maploton,  Kan 

Mapleton,  Me 

Maploton,  Minn 

Mapleton,  Minn 

Mapleton,  N.D 

Mapleton,  N.D 

Mapleton,  Ore , 

Mapleton,  Pa 

Mapleton,  S.D 

Maple  Valley,  Iowa.., 
Maple  Valley,  Mich.., 
Maple  Valley,  Mich.., 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-hmlt 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

ward 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Carroll 

Nash 

Kidder 

Clarendon... 
Clarendon... 

Marion 

Butler. 

Salem. 

Marion 

Marion 

Bedford 

Taylor... 

Taylor 

Jefferson 

Armstrong . 
Lancaster... 
Westmoreland. 

Travis 

Armstrong ... 

Sebastian 

Tolland 

Piatt 

DeSoto , 

Bristol 

Freeborn 

Burlington... 

Warren 

Cattaraugus.. 

Richland 

Alleghany.... 

Tioga 

Tarrant 

Calhoun 

Wilkin 

Avoyelles 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

San  Pete 

San  Pete 

Wexford , 

Dodge 

Dodge , 

Greene 

Monroe 

Gloucester.... 

Portage 

Box  Elder 

Lancaster 

Portage 

San  Miguel... 

Mobile 

Sabine 

Sabine 

Martin 

Valencia 

Ida 

Monona 

Cowley 

Dodge 

Colfax 

Furnas 

Stanton 

Outagamie.... 

Crawford 

Barry 

Manistee 

Saginaw 

Hennepin 

Johnson 

Barron 

Manitowoc... 

Shawano 

Wabaunsee... 

Wright 

Kane 

Clinton 

Alpena 

Delta 

Isanti 

Emmet 

Cass 

Ransom 

Chilton 

Monona 

Bourbon 

Aroostook 

Blue  Earth... 
Blue  Earth... 

Cass 

Cass 

Lane 

Huntingdon.. 
Minnehaha... 
Buena  Vista.. 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


1,786 
1,440 


1,770 
1,766 
2,230 
4,863 


1,344 

77 

473 

1,608 

5,186 


120 
327 


2,164 

398 

770 

2,165 

562 

1,648 

1,709 

1,106 

9,859 

1,172 

1,611 

249 

377 

237 


1,519 

632 

1,801 

1,748 

214 

832 

477 

1,125 

1,217 

1,718 

1,150 

356 

1,744 

215 


926 

1,948 

143 

271 


869 
926 
581 


527 
346 


818 

80 

1,636 

97 

1,383 

1,155 


606 
1,523 
600 
604 
676 
385 
606 


242 
376 
164 


1,122 
379 
63 
705 
686 
361 


444 


657 

2,293 

939 

163 


1,233 

2,622 

64 

2,134 

1,069 

2,462 

1,638 

1,870 

6,605 

906 

363 

1,629 

83 

389 

2,869 

4,960 

678 

406 

392 

243 

1,911 

633 

908 

3,432 

653 

1,671 

1,362 

1,022 

13,473 

2,352 

1,762 

418 

822 

241 

144 

1,398 

627 

2,022 

1,950 

661 

749 

460 

1,166 

1,340 

1,791 

1,36« 

337 

1,761 

676 

306 

867 

2,660 

133 

460 

668 

1,095 

1,674 

693 

778 

761 

436 

346 

816 

316 

1,376 

361 

1,703 

1,197 

637 

976 

1,685 

1,400 

882 

899 

382 

633 

698 

241 

664 

603 

338 

310 

947 

782 

176 

832 

610 

607 

316 

119 

183 

716 

369 

746 

1,808 

1,692 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Maple  Valley,  Wis.... 

Maplewood,  Ind 

Maplewood,  Minn 

Maquoketa,  Iowa 

Maquoketa,  Iowa 

Maquon,  111 

Maquon,  111 

Marathon,  Mich 

Marathon,  N.Y 

Marathon,  N.Y 

Marathon,  Wis 

Marathon,  Wis 

Marble,  Ark 

Marble,  Ark 

Marble,  Ark... , 

Marble,  Minn 

Marble,  Neb 

Marble  Creek,  Ky 

Marble  Falls,  Tex 

Marblehead,  Mass 

Marble  Hill,  Mo....... 

Marble  Rock,  Iowa.... 

Marbletown,  N.Y , 

Marble  Valley,  Ala..., 

Marceline,  Mo 

Marceline,  Mo , 

Marcellon,  Wis 

Marcellus,  Mich - 

Marcellus,  Mich 

Marcellus,  N.Y , 

Marcellus,  N.Y 

Marcumville,  Ala 

Marcus,  Iowa..„ 

Marcus,  Iowa 

Marcus,  Wash 

Marcy,  Iowa , 

Marcy,  N.Y 

Marcy,  Pa 

Mardisville,  Ala 

Marena,  Kan , 

Marengo,  111 

Marengo,  111 

Marengo,  Ind , 

Marengo,  loiva 

Marengo,  Iowa 

Marengo,  Mich , 

Marengo,  0 

Marenisco,  Mich 

Maressa,  111 

Margaretta,  O 

Margarettsville,  N.C.. 
Margaretville,  N.Y..., 

Mariauna,  Ark 

Marianna,  Fla 

Mariaville,  Me , 

Marice  City,  0 , 

Marie  Saline,  Ark 

Marietta,  Ga 

Marietta,  Ga 

Marietta,  Iowa 

Marietta,  Neb 

Marietta,  0 ..., 

Marietta,  0 , 

Marietta,  Pa , 

Marietta,  Wis , 

Mariila,  Mich 

Marilla,  N.Y , 

Marine,  111 , 

Marine,  111 , 

Marine,  Minn 

Marine,  Minn .,.., 

Marine  City,  Mich..., 

Marinette,  Wis 

Marion,  Ala........ , 

Marion,  Ala , 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Fla 

Marion,  Ga 

Marion,  HI 

Marion,  111 

Marion,  111 

Marion,  111 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind. 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 


Bank  of 
place. 


164 


pOBt-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Oconto 

Fayette 

Otter  Tail.. 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Knox 

Lapeer 

Cortland...! 
Cortland..., 
Marathon.. 
Marathon.. 

Garland 

Madison.... 

Saline 

Lincoln 

Saunders... 
Jessamine.. 

Burnet 

Essex 

Bollinger... 

Floyd 

Ulster 

Coosa 

Linn 

Linn 

Columbia... 


Cass 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Tuscaloosa 

Cherokee , 

Cherokee , 

Stevens , 

Boone 

Oneida 

Luzerne , 

Talladega 

Hodgeman  ..... 

McHenry 

McHenry , 

Crawford , 

Iowa , 

Iowa , 

Calhonn 

Morrow 

Gogebic , 

Saint  Clair 

Erie 

Northampton.. 

Delaware 

Lee 

Jackson 

Hancock 

Putnam 

Ashley 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Marshall 

Saunders 

Washington..., 
Washington..., 

Lancaster 

Crawford , 

Manistee 

Erie , 

Madison 

Madison 

Washington..., 
Washington..., 

Saint  Clair 

Marinette , 

Perry , 

Perry , 

Bradley 

Drew 

Lawrence 

Ouachita 

Phillips 

Sebastian 

White 

Hamilton 

Twiggs 

Lee 

Ogle 

Williamson. ... 
Williamson.... 

Allen 

Boone 

Decatur 

Dubois 

Grant 

Hendricks 

Jasper 

Jennings 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


689 
34 

113 
2,188 
2,467 
1,448 

548 
1,702 
1,700 
1,006 

871 


337 
554 
99 
211 
806 
1,604 


7,467 
265 
409 

3,970 
657 


836 
1,829 

636 
2,678 

489 
1,477 

412 

171 


2,804 
1,413 
1,168 
1,495 
466 
2,082 
1.264 


2,487 

1,738 

1,272 

91 


2,302 


418 
627 
586 
382 


624 
5,461 
2,227 

990 

576 
8,830 
5,444 
2,603 
1,037 

166 
1,825 
1,925 

774 
1,467 

460 
1,673 
2,750 
6,684 
2,074 

366 
3,060 
1,141 

949 
1,619 
1,649 

760 


506 

902 
1,167 
2,585 

881 
1,375 
2,307 
2,424 

920 
3,182 
1,298 
1,958 
1,071 


1,336 

659 

436 

971 

3,077 

1,330 

501 

1,846 

1,806 

1,198 

1,438 

268 

336 

672 

167 

386 

814 

1,650 

587 

8,202 

267 

433 

3,639 

881 

2,638 

1,977 

845 

1,849 

830 

2,739 

663 

939 

1,337 

671 

311 

1,842 

1,213 

2,904 

1,546 

450 

2,265 

1,445 

669 

2,227 

1,710 

1,110 

276 

225 

1,766 

2,281 

63 

616 

1,126 

926 

271 

896 

456 

6,515 

3,384 

825 

921 

9,944 

8,273 

2,402 

1,300 

341 

1,699 

1,650 

637 

1,687 

679 

3,268 

11,523 

6,289 

1,982 

466 

4,163 

786 

1,349 

2,080 

1,587 

861 

1,019 

484 

750 

1,332 

2,876 

1,338 

1,220 

2,618 

2,038 

939 

8,769 

1,097 

2,.'>68 

979 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind , 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind , 

Marion,  Iowa , 

Marion,  Iowa , 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Kan , 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Kan , 

Marion,  Kan , 

Marion,  Kan , 

Marion,  Kan , 

Marion,  Ky 

Marion,  Ky , 

Marion,  Me 

Marion,  Mass 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Minn , 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo » , 

Marion,  Mo.... , 

Marion,  Mo , 

Marion,  Mo , 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo , 

Marion,  Mo , 

Marion,  Mo , 

Marion,  Mo... 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Neb , 

Marion,  N.Y , 

Marion,  N.C , 

Marion,  N.C , 

Marion,  O , 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  O , 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O , 

Marion,  O , 

Marion,  O , 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  0 , 

Marion,  0 , 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  Ore 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa , 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  S.C 

Marion,  S.C , 

Marion,  Va 

Marion,  Va 

Marion,  Wis 

Marion,  Wis , 

Marion,  Wis , 

Marion,  Wis 

Marion  Junction,  Ala. 

Marionville,  Mo , 

Marionville,  Pa. , 

Mariposa,  Cal 

Mariposa,  Iowa 

Mariposa,  Neb 

Marissa,  111 

Mark,  0 

Mark  Creek,  N.C 

Markesan,  Wis 

Market  Lake,  Idaho... 

Markey,  Mich 

Markle,  Ind 

Markleeville,  Cal 

Marklesburp,  Pa 

Marks  Creek,  N.C 

Marksville,  La 

Marksville,  Va 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
city 

township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
city 

township 
mag.-dist 
poet-vill 
poet-town 
post-town 
township 
township 
poet-twp 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
poet-town 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
city 

township 
township 
township 
township 
post-prect 
township 
township 
township 
township 
borough 
township 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
precinct 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
rnship 
;-vill 
,  _  -  >prect 
township 
>town 
•town 


post-' 
post- 
town 
post- 
post-1 
borough 
township 
post 
mag. 


town 
;.-dist 


County. 


Lawrence 

Monroe 

Owen 

Pike 

Putnam.... 

Shelby 

Clayton. .......... 

Davis 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Henry^ 

Lee 

Linn 

Linn 

Marshall 

Plymouth 

Washington 

Bourbon  

Doniphan 

Douglas 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Nemaha , 

Crittenden 

Crittenden 

Washington 

Plymouth 

Charlevoix 

Livingston 

Osceola , 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Olmsted , 

Buchanan , 

Cole , 

Dade 

Daviess , 

Grundy , 

Harrison 

Jasper 

Mercer. 

Monroe 

Newton 

Ozark , 

Polk 

Saint  Francois 

Franklin 

Wayne 

McDowell 

McDowell., 

Allen 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Hocking 

Marion 

Marion 

Mercer 

Morgan 

Noble 

Pike 

Marion 

Beaver 

Berks 

Butler 

Centre 

Indiana 

Marion 

Marion 

Smyth 

Smyth 

Grant 

Juneau 

Waupaca 

Waushara 

Dallas 

Lawrence 

Forest 

Mariposa 

Jasper 

Saunders 

Saint  Clair 

Defiance 

Wake 

Green  Lake 

Bingham 

Roscommon 

Huntington 

Alpine 

Huntingdon ..., 

Richmond , 

Avoyelles 

Page 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


3,989 

493 

1,658 

1,505 

1,430 

1,126 

1,073 

965 

432 

1,111 

1,163 

1,124 

4,023 

1,939 

863 

529 

1,181 

1,811 

619 

1,417 

467 

867 

370 

3,230 

365 

182 

958 

306 

1,255 

92 

80 

1,418 

873 

1,726 

1,846 

594 

1,520 

1,307 

1,485 

5,316 

1,631 

2,273 

1,483 

1,041 

3,282 

1,183 


2,100 

2,312 

372 

4,488 

1,966 

971 

2,342 

987 

982 

1,202 

1,426 

6,151 

3,899 

1,933 

1,' 

1,682 

908 

199 

360 

1,392 

1,086 

674 

398 

3,259 

824 

5,377 

919 

639 

372 

161 

582 

889 

432 


342 
710 
779 


1,096 

2,043 

361 


220 

80 

232 


2,760 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


M&rlar,  S.D 

Marlborough,  Conn 

Mnrlborough,  Md 

Marlborough,  Mass 

Marlborough,  N.H 

Marlborough,  N.J 

Marlborough,  N.T 

Marlborough,  N.T 

Marlborough,  N.C 

Marlborough,  0 

Marllwrougli,  0 

Marlborough,  0 

Marlborough,  Pa 

Marlborough,  Vt 

Marlette,  Mich 

Marlin,  Tex 

Marlow,  N.H 

Marmaton,  Kan 

Marmaton,  Kan 

Maroa,  111 

Maroa,  111 

Marple,  Pa 

Marquam,  Ore 

Marquette,  Kan 

Marquette,  Kan 

Marquette,  Mich 

Marquette,  Mich 

Marquette,  Mich 

Marquette,  Neb 

Marquette,  Wis 

Marr,  Ind 

Marriott,  Utah 

Marrowbone,  111 

Marrrowbone,  Ky 

Marrowbone,  Ky 

Marrowbone  Creek,  Ky 

Marseilles,  III 

Marseilles,  0 

Marseilles,  0 

Marsh,  N.C 

Marshall,  Ark 

Marshall,  Ark 

Marshall,  111 

Marshall,  111 

Marshall,  Ind 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Iowa. 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Iowa. 

Marshall,  Md 

Marshall,  Mich 

Marshall,  Mich 

Marshall,  Minn 

Marshall,  Minn 

Marshall,  Mo 

Marshall,  Mo 

Marshall,  Mo 

Marshall,  Neb 

Marshall,  N.T 

Marshall,  N.C 

Marshall,  N.C 

Marshall,  0 

Marshall,  Pa 

Marshall,  Tex 

Marshall,  Va 

Marshall,  Va 

Marshall,  Va 

Marshall,  Wis 

Marshall,  Wis 

Marshall  Basin,  Col 

Marshallton,  Del 

Marshalltown,  Iowa.... 

Marshallville,  Ga 

Marshall ville,  Ga 

Marshallville,  0 

Marshan,  Minn 

Marslifield,  Me 

Marslifield,  Mass 

Marshfleld,  Minn 

Marshfield,  Mo 

Marshfleld,  Ore 

Marshfleld,  Ore 

Marshfleld,  Vt 

Marshfield,  Wis 

Marshfield,  Wis 

Marshflold,  Wis 

Marsh  Fork,  W.  Va 

Marsh  Grove,  Minn 

Mars  Hill,  Ark 

Mars  Hill,  Ark 

Mars  Hill,  Ga 

Mars  Hill,  Me 

Marshland,  Ore 

Marshland,  Wis 

Marsh  Mill,  N.D 

Martel,  Wis 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post- town 

district 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

.township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 


city 
mil.- 
post-' 


l.-dist 
;-vill 
;-vill 
lip 

jiip 

post-town 
township 
post-town 
precinct 


post .... 
townshi 
towns! 


post 
post- 


vill 
■town 


township 
townsh'" 


city 
mag 


'P 
.-dist 


township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Jerauld 

Hartford 

Prince  George'i 

Middlesex 

Cheshire 

Monmouth 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Pitt 

Delaware 

Stark 

Stark 

Montgomery... 

Windham 

Sanilac 

Falls 

Cheshire 

Allen 

Bourbon , 

Macon. „ , 

Macon 

Delaware , 

Clackamas 

McPherson , 

McPherson 

Mackinac 

Marquette.. .„... 

Marquette 

Hamilton 

Green  Lake 

Posey 

Weber 

Moultrie 

Cumberland.... 

Leslie 

Pike 

La  Salle 

Wyandot 

Wyandot , 

Surry , 

Searcy , 

White 

Clark 

Clark , 

Lawrence 

Louisa 

Marshall 

Pocahontas 

Taylor 

Harford 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Lyon 

Mower 

Platte 

Saline 

Saline 

Clay 

Oneida 

Madison 

Madison 

Highland 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Buckingham... 

Fauquier , 

Richmond 

Dane 

Richland 

San  Miguel 

New  Castle 

Marshall , 

Macon 

Macon 

Wayne 

Dakota 

Washington.... 

Plymouth 

Lincoln 

Webster 

Coos 

Coos 

Washington.... 
Fond  da  Lac... 

Wood   

Wood 

Raleigh 

Marshall 

Lafayette 

Washington.... 

Oconee 

Aroostook 

Columbia 

Buffalo 

Barnes 

Pierce 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


391 
4,014 
10,127 
1,286 
2,193 
3,472 


79 
360 

1,942 
285 

1,212 
553 

1,700 


701 
712 
1,071 
1,958 
870 
899 
531 
537 


211 
3,931 


938 

2,050 

243 

1,678 

1,458 

709 

650 

1,882 

840 

273 

813 

160 

550 

2,928 

1,885 

972 

769 

6,240 


1,265 

4,877 

989 

3,795 

961 

578 

1,910 

6,945 

2,701 

408 

2,276 

2,586 

175 

811 

748 

6,624 

2,626 

6,461 

2,109 

332 


131 

6,240 

1,821 

643 

376 

563 

3001 

1,781 

170 

666 

1,006 

642 

1,102 

2,014 

332 

669 

1,121 


457 
1,746 


716 
160 
302 


1,284 


138 

682 

3,674 

13,806 

1,695 

1,913 

3,598 

870 

92 

433 

1,808 

271 

1,151 

496 

2,370 

2,058 

584 

1,477 

1,456 

2,084 

1,164 

884 

1,583 

929 

367 

310 

268 

6,078 

261 

812 

2,066 

223 

1,888 

1,771 

701 

855 

2,210 

828 

213 

902 

278 

744 

2,931 

1,900 

1,463 

656 

8,914 

420 

1,200 

4,712 

873 

3,968 

1,203 

608 

1,623 

7,876 

4,297 

596 

2,146 

3,841 

203 

663 

960 

7,207 

2,409 

6,601 

2,088 

282 

909 

287 

419 

8,914 

2,669 

1,086 

366 

499 

299 

1,713 

269 

980 

1,636 

1,461 

1,121 

1,938 

701 

3,460 

1,639 

268 

511 

584 

453 

837 

180 

678 

146 

1,292 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Marthaville,  La 

Martic,  Pa ~ 

Martin,  Ala 

Martin,  Ark 

Martin,  Cal 

Martin,  6a 

Martin,  Ga 

Martin,  Idaho 

Martin,  111 

Martin,  111 

Martin,  Kan 

Martin,  Kan 

Martin,  Mich 

Martin,  Minn 

Martin,  Miss 

Martin,  Neb 

Martin,  N.D 

Martin,  S.C 

Martin  &  Burney,  Ga... 

Martiney,  Mich 

Martinez,  Cal 

Martinez,  N.M 

Martin  Ford,  Ga 

Martin  Fork,  Ky 

Martinsburg,  III 

Martinsburg,  Ind 

Martinsburg,  Iowa 

Martinsburg,  Ky 

Martinsburg,  Ky 

Martinsburg,  Ky 

Martinsburg,  Minn 

Martinsburg,  Mo 

Martinsburg,  N.T 

Martinsburg,  O 

Martinsburg,  Pa 

Martinsburg,  W.  Va.... 

Martin's  Ferry,  0 

Martin  Springs,  Ky 

Martin  Store,  Tenn 

Martinsville,  III 

Martinsville,  111 

Martinsville,  Ind 

Martinsville,  0 

Martinsville,  Va 

Martinton,  111 

Martinton,  111 

Marville,  Ga 

Marvin,  Neb 

Marvyn,  Ala 

Mary,  Minn 

Mary  Ann,  0 

Mary   Hays   Academy, 

Tenn 

Maryland,  111 

Maryland,  N.T 

Marysland,  Minn 

Marysvale,  Utah 

Marysville,  Cal 

Marysville,  Cal 

Marysville,  111 

Marysville,  Iowa 

Marysville,  Kan 

Marysville,  Kan 

Marysville,  Kan 

Marysville,  Minn 

Marysville,  Mont 

Marysville,  Mont 

Marysville,  0 

Marysville,  Ore 

Marysville,  Pa 

Marysville,  8.0 

Marysville,  Wash 

Marysville,  Wash 

Maryville,  Mo 

Maryville,  Tenn 

Masardis,  Me 

Mascotte,  Fla 

Mascoutah,  111 

Mascoutah,  111 

Mashpee,  Mass 

Mason,  Ark 

Mason,  Idaho 

Mason,  111 

Mason,  111 

Mason,  Iowa 

Mason,  Iowa 

Mason,  Ky 

Mason,  Me 

Mason,  Mich 

Mason,  Mich 

Mason,  Mich 

Mason,  Minn 

Mason,  Mo 

Mason,  N.H 

Mason,  O 

Mason,  0 


Rank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

mag.-dist 

city 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

village 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-bo  ro' 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Natchitocbee 

Lancaster 

Dallas 

Pope 

San  Bernardino 

Gwinnett 

Morgan 

Alturas 

Crawford 

McLean 

Kiowa 

Smith 

Allegan 

Rock 

Claiborne 

Hall 

Walsh 

Anderson 

Jasper 

Mecosta 

Contra  Costa. 

Colfax 

Lumpkin 

Harlan 

Pike 

Washington.. 

Keokukl 

Elliott 

Elliott 

Monroe 

Renville 

Audrain 

Lewis 

Knox 

Blair 

Berkeley 

Belmont 

Whitley 

Weakley 

Clark 

Clark 

Morgan 

Clinton. 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Columbia 

Perkins 

Russell 

Norman 

Licking 


Weakley 

Ogle 

Otsego 

Swift.......... 

Pi  Ute 

Tuba 

Tuba 

Vermilion.... 

Marion 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Miami 

Wright 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
Lewis  &  Clarke 

Union 

Grant. 

Perry 

Berkeley 

Snohomish 

Snohomish 

Nodaway 

Blount 

Aroostook 

Lake 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Barnstable 

Yell 

Nez  Perces 

Effingham 

Effingham 

Cerro  Gordo.... 

Taylor 

Grant 

Oxford 

Arenac • 

Cass 

Ingham 

Murray ■ 

Marion 

Hillsboroogb... 

Lawrence ■ 

Warren ■ 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,1 

1,909 

824 


1,087 
800 


1,126 
1,026 


1,213 
645 


1,910 
696 
192 


280 
633 

1,363 
126 
164 

1,672 

83 

636 

160 

225 

2,386 
199 
667 

6,335 

3,819 
700 

1,417 

1,938 
663 

1,943 
366 

3,786 

1,276 
142 


2,122 
248 
961 

1,208 

1,301 

2,324 

218 

297 

6,012 

4,321 

368 

340 

3,781 

1,249 

1,699 

1,112 


2,061 

460 

1,206 


3,485 

1,098 

212 


2,668 
346 


1,828 
621 

3,077 
824 


94j 

112 

889 

1,809 

148 

11,634 

646 

2,021 

431 

155 


1,828 

1,797 
892 
134 

1,022 

695 

22 

1,383 

1,428 
365 
663 

1,313 

1,010 

76 

360 

373 

2,098 
773 
633 

1,600 
477 
268 
964 

1,166 

85 

322 

2,106 
151 

1,607 
360 
276 

1,982 
267 
688 

7,226 

6,250 
984 

2,640 

2,056 
779 

2,680 
336 

3,768 

1,099 
125 

1,786 
431 

2,412 
436 
882 

1,143 

1,270 

2,199 

248 

228 

4,636 

3,991 

186 

348 

666 

1,913 

1,697 

1,242 

1,489 

1,489 

2,810 

227 

1,115 

421 

664 

262 

4,037 

1,686 

260 

608 

3,276 

2,032 

298 

265 

195 

1,695 

426 

4,698 

806 

742 

80 

399 

776 

1,875 

262 

13,720 

629 

1,778 

56i 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mason,  Tenn 

Mason,  W.  Va , 

Mason,  Wis , 

Masona,  Ark 

Masonborough,  N.C.. 

Mason  City,  111 

Mason  City,  111 

Mason  City,  Iowa 

Mason  Creek,  Ky 

Mason  Grove,  Tenn.. 
Mason  Hall,  Tenn. ... 

Masontown,  Pa 

Mason  "Valley,  Nev... 

Mason ville,  Ky 

Masonville,  Mich 

Masonville,  N.Y 

Massacre,  Fla 

Massena,  Iowa 

Massena,  Iowa 

Massena,  N.T 

Massena,  N.Y 

Massey,  Ky 

Massey,  Md 

Massie,  0 

Massie's  Mills,  Va 

Massillon,  111 

Massillon,  Iowa 

Massillon,  0 

Mastodon,  Mich 

Matagorda,  Tex 

Matawan,  K.J 

Matney,  Ark 

Matney,  Ore 

Matoaca,  Va 

Matoaca,  Ta 

Mattamiscontis,  Me.. 
Mattapoisett,  Mass... 
Mattawamkeag,  Me.. 

Matteawan,  N.Y 

Matteson,  Ore 

Matteson,  Wis 

Matthews,  Ark 

Matthews,  N.C 

Matthews,  N.C 

Matthews,  S.D 

Mattison,  111 

Mattison,  Mich._ 

Mattole,  Cal 

Mattoon,  III 

Mattoon,  111 

Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.... 
Mauch  Chunk,  Pa.... 

Mauckport,  Ind. 

Maud,  Kan 

Maumee,  Ind 

Maumee,  O 

Maumelle,  Ark 

Maumelle,  Ark. 

Maumelle,  Ark 

Maurice  River,  N.J... 
Maury  City,  Tenn.... 

Mauston,  Wis 

Mavity,  Ky 

Max,  Neb 

Maxatawny,  Pa. 

Maxey,  Ark , 

Maxfleld,  Iowa 

Maxfield,  Me 

Maxton,  N.C 

Maxville,  Fla 

Maxville,  Miss 

Maxville,  Wis 

Maxwell,  Cal 

Maxwell,  Col 

Maxwell,  Iowa 

Maxwell,  Minn 

Maxwell,  Neb 

May,  111 

May,  lU 

May,  Mo 

May,  Neb 

Maybell,  Col , 

Mayberry,  111 

Mayberry,  Pa 

Maybinton,  S.C 

May  Day,  Kan 

Maydell,S.D 

Mayesville,  S.C 

Mayesville,  S.C , 

Majfield,  Cal 

Maytield,  Idaho 

Mayfleld,  111 

Mayfleld,  Ky 

Mayfield,  Ky 

Mayfleld,  Mich 

Mayfield,  Mich 

156 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

poet-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

district 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

beat 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-rill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Tipton 

Mason 

Bayfield 

Chicot 

New  Hanover... 

Mason 

Mason 

Cerro  Gordo 

Perry 

Crockett 

Obion 

Fayette 

Lyon 

Daviess 

Delta 

Delaware 

Sumter 


Cass 

St.  Lawrence... 
St.  Lawrence... 

Allen 

Kent 

Warren 

Nelson 

Wayne 

Cedar 

Stark 

Iron  

Matagorda 

Monmouth 

Baxter 

Gilliam 

Chesterfield 

Chesterfield 

Penobscot 

Plymouth 

Penobscot 

Dutchess 

Morrow 

Waupaca 

Faulkner 

Chatham 

Mecklenburg... 

Kingsbury 

Cook 

Branch 

Humboldt 

Coles 

Coles 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Harrison 

Morton 

Allen 

Lucas 

Craighead 

Perry 

Pulaski 

Cumberland 

Crockett 

Juneau 

Boyd 

Dundy 

Berks 

Franklin 

Bremer 

Penobscot 

Kobeson 

Duval 

Clarke 

BufEalo 

Colusa 

Las  Animas 

Story 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Lincoln 

Christian 

Lee 

Platte 

Kearney 

Routt 

Hamilton 

Montour 

Newberry 

Riley , 

Clark 

Sumter 

Sumter , 

Santa  Clara 

Elmore 

De  Kalb 

Graves 

Graves 

Grand  Traverse 
Lapeer 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


1,186 


259 

627 

2,443 

1,714 

2,510 


524 
732 
376 


949 

265 

1,673 


434 


2,739 


672 
3,975 
1,431 

6,758 
550 
891 

6,836 


438 

2,699 

353 


4,415 

596 

64 

1,365 
466 

4,411 


520 

450 

1,381 

191 


451 
1,339 

663 
6,644 
5,737 
4,082 
3,752 

278 


437 

1,780 

821 

141 

200 

2,374 

1,511 

1,013 


2,843 

1,048 

863 

139 

214 


2,900 
414 


180 


793 
848 
899 
192 


1,504 
705 


2,304 
396 


5,417 

1,839 

449 

1,730 


252 

1,029 

1,095 

318 

630 

2,606 

1,869 

4,007 

?100 

716 

766 

391 

677 

977 

924 

1,397 

111 

949 

279 

2,740 

1,049 

735 

3,660 

1,203 

5,186 

697 

882 

10,092 

111 

399 

3,183 

690 

126 

4,162 

645 

47 

1,148 

633 

4,278 

264 

860 

570 

1,848 

aw 

612 

323 

1,169 

629 

7,790 

6,833 

2,448 

4,101 

272 

80 

614 

1,645 

884 

156 

337 

2,279 

1,662 

1,343 

309 

357 

2,264 

1,366 

912 

134 

694 

349 

2,779 

602 

500 

217 

453 

250 

141 

864 

703 

967 

647 

88 

1,981 

198 

1,181 

570 

190 

2,720 

706 

1,100 

111 

787 

8,070 

2,909 

560 

1,204 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mayfleld,  Miss 

Mayfleld,  Mo 

Mayfield,  Neb 

Mayfleld,  N.Y 

Mayfield,  O 

Mayfield,  Utah 

Mayhew,  &c.,  Ky 

Mayhew,  Miss 

Mayhew  Lake,  Minn... 

Maynard,  Iowa 

Maynard,  Mass 

Maynardville,  Tenn 

Mayo,  N.C 

Mayo  River,  Va. 

Mayport,  Fla 

Mayport,  Fla 

Maysfleld,  Tex 

May's  Lick,  Ky 

May's  Lick,  Ky 

Maysville,  Ala 

Maysville,  Ala 

Maysville,  Col 

Maysville,  Ga 

Maysville,  Ky 

Maysville,  Ky 

Maysville,  Mo 

Maysville,  Va 

Maytown,  Ky« 

Maytown,  Pa 

Mayville,  Mich 

Mayville,  Minn 

Mayville,  N.Y 

Mayville,  N.D 

Mayville,  N.D 

Mayville,  Ore 

Mayville,  Pa 

Mayville,  Wis 

Mayville,  Wis 

Maywood,  Minn 

Mazarn,  Ark 

Mazeppa,  Minn 

Mazeppa,  Minn 

Mazei>pa,  S.D 

Mazo  Manie,  Wis 

Maze  Manie,  Wis 

Mazon,  III 

Meacham,  III 

Meacham,  Ore 

Mead,  Neb 

Mead,  Neb 

Mead,  0 

Mead,  Pa 

Mead,  Pa 

Meade,  Kan 

Meade,  Mich 

Meade,  W.  Va 

Meade,  W.  Va 

Meade,  W.Va. 

Meade  Centre,  Kan 

Meaderville,  Mont 

Meadow,  Iowa 

Meadow,  Iowa 

Meadow,  N.C 

Meadow,  Utah 

Meadow  Bluff,  W.  Va... 
Meadow  Fork  of  Spring 

Creek,  N.C 

Meadow  Lake,  Cal 

Meadows,  Idaho 

Meadows,  Ky 

Meadows,  N.C 

Meadows,  Ore 

Meadows  Cr's  R'ds,  Ala. 

Meadowville,  Utah 

Meadville,  Mo 

Meadville,  Pa 

Meadville,  Va 

Meansville,  Gra. 

Meat  Camp,  N.C 

Mecan,  Wis 

Mecca,  0 

Mechanic,  0 

Mechanicsburg,  111 

Mechanicsburg,  III 

Mechanicsburg,  0 

Mechanicsburg,  Pa 

Mechanicsburg,  Pa 

Mechanicsburg,  Va 

Mechanicstown,  Md 

Mechanicstown,  Md 

Mechanicsville,  Iowa... 

Mechanicsville,  Md 

Mechanicsville,  N.Y 

Mechanicsville,  S.C 

Meckling,  S.D 

Mecosta,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-beat 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

borough 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

borough 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Montgomery. 

Laclede 

Hall 

Fulton 

Cuyahoga 

San  Pete 

Allen 

Lowndes 

Benton 

Fayette 

Middlesex 

Union 

Rockingham  . 

Patrick 

Duval 

Duval 

Milam 

Mason 

Mason 

Madison 

MsMlison 

Chaffee 

Jackson 

Mason 

Mason 

DeKalb 

Buckingham . 

Morgan 

Lancaster 

Tuscola 

Houston 

Chautauqua... 

Traill 

Traill 

Gilliam 

Lackawanna.. 

Clark 

Dodge 

Benton 

Montgomery . 

Wabasha. 

Wabasha 

Grant 

Dane 

Dane 

Grundy 

Marion 

Umatilla 

Merrick 

Saunders 

Belmont 

Crawford 

Warren 

Meade 

Huron 

Marshall 

Tyler 

Upshur 

Meade 

Silver  Bow 

Clay 

Plymouth 

Johnston 

Millard 

Greenbrier .... 


Madison 

Nevada. 

Washington.. 


Stokes 

Jackson 

Lee 

Rich 

Linn 

Crawford 

Halifax 

Pike 

Watauga 

Marquette 

Trumbull 

Holmes 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Champaign..., 
Cumberland... 

Indiana 

Bland 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Cedar , 

Saint  Mary's.. 

Saratoga 

Darlington.... 

Clay 

Mecosta 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,666 
317 


2,231 

879 

330 

2,075 

197 


270 
2,291 

178 
9,409 
6,021 


153 

2,151 

355 


561 
116 


6,220 

418 

2,167 


660 

248 

712 

1,051 


1,249 
1,051 
126 
686 
377 
460 


1,646 


1,114 
927 


325 


1,970 
2,857 
1,156 


670 
1,402 
1,410 
1,769 


112 
1,727 

212 
2,113 


1,479 


1,100 
2,659 


921 

119 

446 

8,860 

2,433 

1,579 

629 

621 

950 

1,271 

1,784 

396 

1,522 

3,018 

226 

1,480 

2,738 

730 

545 

2,030 

1,265 

1,512 


759 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mecosta,  Mich 

Medary,  S.D 

Meddybemps,  Me  

Medfield,  Maes 

Medford,  Kan 

Medford,  Me 

Medford,  Mass 

Medford,  Minn 

Medford,  N.J 

Medford,  N.D 

Medford,  Ore 

Medford,  Ore 

Medford,  Wis 

Medford,  Wis 

Media,  Pa 

Media,  S.D 

Mediapolis,  Iowa. 

Medical  Lake,  Wash.... 

Medicine,  Kau 

Medicine,  Mo 

Medicine,  Mo 

Medicine,  Mo 

Medicine,  Neb 

Medicine  Creek,  Neb- 
Medicine  Lodge,  Idaho 
Medicine  Lodge,  Kan... 
Medicine  Lodge,  Kan... 

Medina,  111 

Medina,  Ind 

Medina,  Mich 

Medina,  Minn 

Medina,  N.Y 

Medina,  0 

Medina,  0 

Medina,  Tenn 

Medina,  Wis 

Medo,  Minn 

Medora,  111 

Medora,  Kan 

Medway,  Me 

Medway,  Mass 

Medway,  S.C 

Meeker,  Col 

Meeker,  Col 

Meeme,  Wis 

Meeting  Creek,  Ky 

Mehama,  Ore 

Meherrin,  Va 

Mehoopany,  Pa 

Mehurin,  Minn 

Meigs,  0 

Meigs,  O 

MeigBville,  0 

Mekinock,  N.D 

Melbourne,  Ark 

Melbourne,  Fla 

Mellenville,  N.Y 

Mellette,  S.D 

Mellette,  S.D 

Melrose,  Fla 

Melrose,  111 

Melrose,  111 

Melrose,  Iowa 

Melrose,  Mass 

Melrose,  Mich 

Melrose,  Minn 

Melrose,  Minn 

Melrose,  0 

Melrose,  N.D 

Melrose,  N.D 

Melrose,  S.D 

Melrose,  Wis 

Melton,  Ark 

Melvern,  Kan 

Melvern,  Kan 

Melville,  Iowa 

Melville,  La 

Melville,  Minn 

Melville,  Mont 

Melville,  N.C 

Melville,  N.D 

Melvin,  111 

Memphis,  Ala 

Memphis,  Mich 

Memphis,  Mich 

Memphis,  Mo 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Menallon,  Pa. 

Menallen,  Pa 

Menardville,  Tex 

Menasiia,  Wis 

Menasha,  Wis 

Mendenhalls,  S.C 

Mendham,  N.J 

Mendocino,  Cal 

Mendocino,  Cal 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post.town 

post-twp 

po8t-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Mecosta. 

Brookings 

Washington... 

Norfolk 

Reno , 

Piscataquis.... 

Middlesex 

Steele 

Burlington 

Walsh , 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Taylor. , 

Taylor 

Delaware 

Jerauld 

Des  Moines 

Spokane 

Books 

Livingston 

Mercer 

Putnam 

Lincoln 

Furnas 

Lemhi 

Barber 

Barber 

Peoria...... 

Warren 

Lenawee 

Hennepin 

Orleans 

Medina 

Medina 

Gibson 

Dane 

Blue  Earth 

Macoupin 

Reno 

Penobscot 

Norfolk 

Clarendon 

Rio  Blanco 

Rio  Blanco 

Manitowoc 

Hardin 

Marion 

Brunswick 

Wyoming 

Lac-qui  -Parle.. 

Adams 

Muskingum.... 

Morgan 

Grand  Forks.., 

lizard 

Brevard 

Columbia 

Spink 

Spink 

Alachua 

Adams 

Clark 

Grundy 

Middlesex 

Charlevoix 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Paulding 

Nelson 

Steele 

Grant 

Jackson 

Jefferson 


Osage 

Audnbon , 

Saint  Landry. 

Renville 

Park 

Alamance 

Foster 

Ford 

Pickens 

Macomb 

Saint  Clair 

Scotland 

Shelby 

Adams 

Fayette 

Menard 

Winnebago.... 
Winnebago.... 

Newberry 

Morris 

Mendocino 

Sonoma 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


189 


172 
1,371 

577 

398 
7,573 

761 
1,980 


616 

504 

1,919 


423 


474 

655 

1,.315 

818 


463 


1,204 

373 

723 

699 

1,907 

1,462 

3,632 

1,849 

1,484 


1,406 
850 
397 


628 
3,956 
1,039 


1,684 
1,629 

318 
4,112 

779 

76 

2,124 

1,628 

1,201 


149 
360 


2,175 
1,187 

763 

4,660 

79 

611 


1,320 
671 

1,305 
103 
470 


161 
*i',667 


832 

679 

579 

1,418 

33,592 

2,010 

1,461 

67 

631 

3,144 

2,230 

1,526 


2,874 


472 

398 

156 

1,493 

556 

306 

11,079 

654 

1,864 

243 

1,196 

967 

1,094 

1,193 

2,736 

303 

489 

617 

236 

606 

1,257 

949 

458 

994 

83 

1,910 

1,095 

738 

700 

1,687 

840 

4,492 

686 

2,073 

273 

1,393 

866 

470 

306 

633 

2,985 

820 

539 

260 

1,434 

1,496 

378 

4,333 

831 

169 

2,646 

1,446 

1,129 

382 

209 

99 

564 

1,250 

241 

267 

2,077 

1,262 

622 

8,519 

436 

485 

780 

430 

149 

73 

603 

1,304 

1,095 

1,543 

461 

729 

361 

364 

300 

2,289 

228 

491 

594 

588 

588 

1,780 

64,496 

1,598 

1,392 

185 

595 

4,581 

2,125 

1,266 

806 

3,469 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mendon,  111 

Mendon,  111 

Mendon,  Iowa 

Mendon,  Mass 

Mendon,  Mich 

Mendon,  Mich 

Mendon,  Mo 

Mendon,  Mo 

Mendon,  N.Y 

Mendon,  N.Y 

Mendon,  0 

Mendon,  Utah 

Mendon,  Vt 

Mendota,  111 

Mendota,  III 

Mendota,  Minn 

Mendota,  Minn 

Mendota,  Mo 

Mendota,  Wis 

Menlo,  Iowa 

Menno,  Kan 

Menno,  Pa. 

Menno,  S.D 

Menoken,  Kan 

Menoken,  N.D 

Menominee,  111 

Menominee,  Mich 

Menominee,  Mich 

Menomonee,  Wis 

Menomonee  Falls,  Wis.. 

Menomonie,  Wis 

Menomonie,  Wis 

Mentone,  Ind 

Mentor,  Mich 

Mentor,  Mich 

Mentor,  O 

Mentor,  0 

Mentor,  S.D 

Mentor,  Wis 

Mentz,  N.Y 

Mequon,  Wis 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Merced,  Cal 

Mercer,  111 

Mercer,  Iowa 

Mercer,  Me 

Mercer,  Pa. 

Mercer,  Pa 

Mercer,  Va 

Mercersburg,  Pa 

Merchantville,  N.J 

Mercier,  S.D 

Meredith,  Kan 

Meredith,  N.H 

Meredith,  N.Y 

Meredosia,  111 

Meredosia,  111 

Merideu,  Conn 

Meriden,  Conn 

Meriden,  HI 

Meriden,  111 

Meriden,  Iowa 

Meriden,  Minn 

Meridian,  111 

Meridian,  Kan 

Meridian,  Mich 

Meridian,  Miss 

Meridian,  Miss 

Meridian,  Neb 

Meridian  Church,  Tenn 

Meridian ville,  Ala 

Meriwether,  S.C 

Merkel,  Tex 

Mermenton,  La 

Merom,  Ind 

Merrill,  Mich 

Merrill,  Wis 

Merrill,  Wis 

Merrillon,  Wis 

Merrimac,  Mass 

Merrimack,  N.H 

Merrimack,  Wis 

Merrimon,  N.C 

Merritt,  Ga 

Merritt,  Mich 

Merry  Green,  Ark 

Merry  Hill,  N.C 

Mershon's  Cr's  R'd8,Ky 

Mertilla,  Kan 

Merton,  Minn 

Merton.S.D 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

beat 

city 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

ward 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

IKMSt-tWp 

post-twp 


County. 


Population. 


AdamB„ 

Adams 

Clayton 

Worcester 

Saint  Joseph 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Monroe 

Moni-oe 

Mercer 

Cache™ 

Rutland 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Putnam 

Dane 

Guthrie 

Marion 

Mifflin 

Hutchinson 

Shawnee 

Burleigh 

Jo  Daviess 

Menominee 

Menominee 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Dunn 

Dunn 

Kosciusko 

Cheboygan 

Oscoda 

Lake 

Lake 

Hughes 

Clark 

Cayuga 

Ozaukee 

Crawford 

Dent 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Phelps 

St.  Louis 

Merced 

Mercer 

Adams 

Somerset 

Butler. 

Mercer 

Loudoun 

Franklin 

Camden 

Brown 

Cloud 

Belknap 

Delaware 

Morgan 

Morgan 

New  Haven 

New  Haven 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Cherokee 

Steele 

Clinton 

McPherson 

Ingham 

Lauderdale 

Lauderdale 

Jefferson 

Weakley 

Madison 

Edgefield 

Taylor 

Calcasieu 

Sullivan 

Saginaw 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Jackson  

Essex 

Hillsborough.... 

Sauk 

Carteret. 

Cobb.... 

Bay    

Grant 

Bertie 

Laurel 

Meade 

Steele 

Clark 


1880.      1890, 


1,726 

662 

3,440 

1,094 

2,040 

854 

680 


3,193 
220 
242 
643 
629 
4,673 
4,142 
741 
348 


657 


1,191 
62 

889 


736 
669 
3,288 
2,258 
366 
1,588 
2,589 


1,822 
540 


754 

2,288 

3,023 

1,954 

321 

1,142 

3,097 

1,424 

3,746 

1,446 

2,490 

583 

755 

986 

2,344 

4,866 

970 

439 


697 

1,800 

1,663 

1,559 

760 

18,340 

16,640 

991 

130 


809 

960 

643 

1,630 

9,110 

4,008 

507 

926 


3,646 


973 
407 


1,003 

2,237 

1,042 

829 


1,354 


428 
1,680 


756 

167 


1,48» 

640 

2,864 

919 

1,893 

803 

735 

137 

2,991 

204 

400 

647 

670 

4,285 

3,542 

741 

248 

851 

627 

389 

799 

1,021 

413 

862 

134 

744 

1,566 

10,630 

2,480 

422 

1,633 

6,491 

780 

391 

607 

1,650 

502 

34 

684 

1,952 

2,902 

2,175 

415 

1,643 

2,914 

988 

3,858 

2,009 

2,330 

644 

684 

?900 

2,138 

4,670 

967 

1,225 

136 

636 

1,642 

1,566 

1,349 

621 

26,423 

21,652 

797 

66 

241 

834 

852 

765 

1,720 

16,926 

10,624 

674 

?900 

2,893 

3,074 

363 

3,170 

412 

412 

639 

6,809 

639 

2,633 

951 

847 

481 

1,097 

1,077 

868 

1,604 

878 

78 

667 

267 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Merton,  Wis , 

Mesa  Grande,  Cal.... 

Mescalero,  N.M 

Mesliik,  Alaska 

Meshoppen,  Pa , 

Meshuppen,  Pa 

Blesupotamia,  0 

Mesquite,  Tex 

Metal,  Pa 

Metamora,  111 

Metanioru,  III 

Metamora,  Ind , 

Metamora,  Mich 

Metamora,  Mich , 

Metcalf,  Ga.... 

Metcalf,  III 

Methuen,  Mass 

Metlakahtia,  Alaska.... 

Metomen,  Wis 

Metompkin,  Va 

Metropolis,  111 

Metropolis  City,  111 

Metz,  Mich 

Metz,  Mo 

Hexia,  Tex 

Mexico,  Me 

Mexico,  Mo 

Mexico,  N.Y 

Mexico,  N.Y 

Meyersburg,  Mont 

Meyerstlale,  Pa 

Miakka,  Kla 

Miami,  Fla 

Miami,  Ind 

Miami,  Kan 

Miami,  Mo 

Miami,  Mo 

Miami,  O 

Miami,  0 

Miami,  O 

Miami,  0 

Miami,  O 

Miamisburg,  0 

Miamiville,  0 

Micanopy,  Fla 

Michigamme,  Mich 

Michigan,  Ind 

Michigan,  lud 

Michigan,  Kan 

Michigan,  Kan 

Michigan,  Neb 

Michigan,  N.D 

Michigan  Bluff,  Cal 

Michigan  City,  Ind 

Michigan  City,  Miss.... 

Michigan  City,  N.D 

Michigantown,  Ind 

Middle,  Ark 

Middle,  Ga „ 

Middle,  Ind 

Middle,  N.J 

Middle,  N.C 

Middle,  Ore 

Middle,  S.C 

Middle  Apishapa,  Col... 
Middlelx>rough,  Mass... 

MIddleborough,  Pa 

Middle  Branch,  Mich... 

Middlebrook,  Va 

Middlebrooks,  Ga 

Middleburg,  Fla 

Middleburg,  &c.,  Ky.... 

Middleburg,  Ky 

Midiileburg,  Md 

Middleburg,  N.Y 

Middleburg,  N.Y 

Middleburg,  N.C 

Middleburg,  0 

Middleburg,  0 

Middleburg,  Pa 

Middleburg,  Pa 

Middleburg,  Va 

Middlebury,  Conn 

Middlebury,  Ind 

Middlebury,  Ind 

Middlebury,  Mich 

Middlebury,  N.Y 

Middlebury,  O 

Middlebury,  Pa 

Middlebury,  Vt 

Middlebury,  Vt 

Middle  Creek,  Kan 

Middle  Creek,  Ky 

Middle  Creek,  La 

Middle  Creek,  Neb 

Middle  Creek,  N.C 

158 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

village 

village 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

ward 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Waukesha. . 
San  Diego..., 
Donna  Ana., 


Wyoming.. 
Wyoming.. 
Trumbull.. 

Dallas 

Franklin... 
Woodford.. 
Woodford.., 
Franklin,.., 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Thomas 

Edgar 

Essex 


Fond  du  Lac.. 

Accomack 

Massac , 

Massac , 

Presque  Isle.., 

Vernon 

Limestone 

Oxford 

Andraln 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Park 

Somerset , 

Manatee 

Dade 

Cass. 

Miami 

Carroll..- 

Saline „ 

Clermont 

Greene _., 

Hamilton 

Logan 

Montgomery., 
Montgomery.. 

Clermont 

Alachua 

Marquette 

Clinton 

La  Porte 

Garfield 

Scott 

Valley 

Grand  Forks., 

Placer 

La  Porte 

Benton 

Nelson 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Douglas 

HendrickB 

Cape  May 

Chowan 

Grant 

Orangeburg..., 
Las  Animas... 

Plymouth 

Erie 

Osceola 

Augusta. 

Monroe.,.. 

Clay 

Casey 

Casey 

Carroll 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Vance 

Cuyahoga. 

Noble 

Luzerne 

Snyder 

Loudoun 

New  Haven.., 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Shiawassee...., 

Wyoming 

Knox 

Tioga 

Addison 

.\ddison 

Miami 

Floyd 

Sabine 

Lancaster 

Wake 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,677 


654 

742 


1,702 
1, 

828 
1,040 
1,384 

236 


50 
4,392 


4,782 
4,531 
2,668 

100 
1,355 
1,298 

403 
3,836 
3,687 
1,273 


1,423 


896 
1,206 


813 
4,346 
2,733 
2,317 
2,167 
6,024 
1,936 
211 
432 
1,124 
2,214 
7,772 


468 

6,366 

91 


342 
1,008 

951 
1,828 
2,676 
1,912 

244 
1,663 


6,237 
210 
169 
274 
976 


1,221 
3,376 
1,123 


4,063 
102 


398 

419 

687 

1,907 

502 

1,006 

1,822 

911 

1,737 

2,993 

1,834 

1,260 

851 

723 

467 

2,087 


1,604 

140 

210 

74 

596 

697 

721 

l;i5 

1,627 

1,710 

758 

928 

1,306 

314 

156 

244 

4,814 

823 

1,853 

5,122 

3,815 

3,573 

267 

1,410 

1,674 

355 

4,789 

3,404 

1,315 

160 

1,847 

336 

364 

938 

961 

433 

647 

4,109 

2,493 

3,990 

2,290 

6,704 

2,962 

203 

494 

1,435 

2,177 

11,186 

112 

148 

318 

369 

377 

10,776 

129 

243 

298 

1,165 

867 

1,837 

2,368 

2,002 

200 

1,539 

641 

6,065 

195 

219 

222 

1,165 

217 

3,106 

145 

1,231 

3,007 

1,139 

1,970 

4,939 

76 

532 

420 

429 

656 

1,728 

542 

966 

1,781 

811 

1,658 

2,793 

1,762 

1,233 

1,119 

1,017 

756 

1,513 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Middle  Creek,  Pa 

Middle  Creek,  Pa 

Middlefield,  Conn 

Middlefield,  Iowa 

Middlefield,  Mass 

Middlefield,  N.Y 

Middlefield,  0 

Middlefork,  111 

Middle  Fork,  Iowa... 

Middle  Fork,  Ky 

Middle  Fork,  Mo 

Middle  Fork,  Mo 

Middle  Fork,  Mont... 

Middle  Fork,  N.C 

Middle  Fork,  W.  Va. 
Middle  Fork  of  Ivy.N.C. 

Middle  Grove,  Mo 

Middle  Ninth,  Ga 

Middle  Paxton,  Pa 

Middle  Point,  O 

Middleport,  111 

Mlddleport,  N.Y 

Middleport,  O 

Middleport,  Pa 

Middle  River,  Ga 

Middle  River,  Minn 

Middle  River,  Vs. 

Middlesborough,  Ky.... 

Middlesex,  N.Y 

Middlesex,  Pa 

Middlesex,  Pa 

Middlesex,  Vt 

Middle  Smithfield,  Pa.. 

Middleton,  Idaho 

Middleton,  Ky 

Middleton,  Mass 

Middleton,  Minn 

Middleton,  N.H 

Middleton,  0 

Middleton,  O 

Middleton,  S.C 

Middleton,  Tenn 

Middleton.  Wis 

Middletown,  Cal 

Middletown,  Conn 

Middletown,  Conn 

Middletown,  Del 

Middletown,  Ind 

Middletown,  Ky 

Middletown,  Md 

Middletown,  Md 

Middletown,  Md 

Middletown,  Mo 

Middletown,  Mo 

Middletown,  N.J 

Middletown,  N.Y., 

Middletown,  N.Y 

Middletown,  N.Y... 

Middletown,  O 

Middletown,  Pa 

Middletown,  Pa 

Middletown,  Pa. 

Middletown,  Pa 

Middletown,  R.I 

Middletown,  Va. 

Middletown,  Vt 

Middle  Valley,  Idaho... 
Middle  Village,  N.Y... . 

Middlevllle,  Mich 

Mlddlevllle,  Minn 

Middleway,  W.  Va 

Midland,  Iowa 

Midland,  Md 

Midland,  Mich 

Midland,  Mich 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  N.J 

Midland,  N.D 

Midland,  S.D 

Midland,  Tex 

Midland  City,  0 

Midlothian,  Tex 

Midlothian,  Va 

Midvale,  Neb 

Midway,  Ala 

Midway,  Ala 

Midway,  Ala 

Midway,  Ga. 

Midway,  Ga 

Midway,  Kan 

Midway,  &c.,  Kan 

Midway,  Ky 

Midway,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

district 

district 

post-vlU 

township 

poet-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

district 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vlli 


County. 


Somerset 

Snyder 

Middlesex .. 
Buchanan... 
Hampshire.. 

Otsego 

Geauga 

Vermilion... 
Ringgold.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


Macon 

Worth 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Forsyth 

Randolph 

Madison 

Monroe 

Meriwether 

Dauphin 

Van  Wert 

Iroquois 

Niagara 

Meigs 

Schuylkill 

Franklin 

Marshall 

Augusta 

Bell 

Yates 

Butler 

Cumberland .... 

Washington 

Monroe 

Ada 

Simpson 

Essex 

.lackson „ 

Strafford 

Columbiana 

WocKl 

Sumter 

Hardeman 

Dane 

Lake 

Middlesex 

Middlesex.- 

New  Castle 

Henry 

Jefferson 

Charles 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Lafayette 

Montgomery  ... 

Monmouth 

Delaware 

Orange 

Richmond 

Butler 

Bucks 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Susquehanna... 

Newport 

Frederick 

Rutland 

Washington 

Queens 

Barry 

Wright 

Jefferson 

Lyon 

Alleghany 

Midland 

Midland 

Boone 

Colfax 

Gage 

Merrick 

Bergen 

Pembina 

Hand 

Midland 

Clinton 

Ellis 

Chesterfield 

Garfield 

Bullock 

Bullock 

Monroe 

Meriwether 

Stewart 

Crawford 

Hamilton 

Woodford 

Woodford. _ 


680 
727 
928 
647 
648 

2,726 
835 

1,979 
704 
878 
916 
768 


1,386 
1,020 
1,197 

169 
1,651 
1,443 

442 
2,211 

771 
3,032 

230 


6,649 


1,457 
1,100 
1,466 
1,087 
1,339 


1,544 
1,000 

154 

355 
1,690 
1,606 
1,773 

189 
1,513 

271 
11,732 
6,826 
1,280 

6U6 


2,293 
2,821 

705 
2,316 

391 
6,059 
2,977 
8,494 
9,029 
4,638 
1,360 
3,361 
2,798 

833 
1,139 

372 

823 


712 
1,174 
1,864 


765 
1,629 


651 


332 
1,591 


2,643 


4,073 

450 

1,364 


1,420 


2,318 
950 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Midway,  N.C 

Midway,  S.C 

Midway,  Utah 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Wis 

Mifflin,  Wis 

Mifflinburg,  Pa 

Mifflintown,  Pa 

Mikado,  Mich 

Mikesell,  Kan 

Milaca,  Minn 

Milaca,  Minn 

Milan,  111 

Milan,  111 

Milan,  111 

Milan,  Ind , 

Milan,  Ind 

Milan,  Kan 

Milan,  Mich 

Milan,  Mich , 

Milan,  Mo 

Milan,  Neb 

Milan,  N.H 

Milan,  N.Y 

Milan,  0 

Milan,  0 

Milan,  Tenn 

Milbiirn,  Ky 

Milburn,  Ky 

Milburn,  Utah 

Mildred,  N.O 

Milee,  Neb 

Miles,  Pa 

Milesburg,  Pa , 

Miles  City,  Mont 

Miles'  Grove,  Pa 

Milestown,  Md 

Milford,  Conn 

Milford,Del 

Milford,  Del 

Millord,  111 

Milford,  111 

Milford,  Ind 

Milford,  Ind 

Milford,  Ind 

Milford,  Iowa 

Milford,  Iowa 

Milford,  Iowa 

Milford,  Kan 

Milford,  Ky 

Milford,  Me 

Milford,  Mass 

Milford,  Mich 

Milford,  Mich 

Milford,  Minn 

Milford,  Mo 

Milford,  Mo 

Milford,  Neb 

Milford,  N.H 

Milford,  N.Y 

Milford,  0 

Milford,  0 

Blilford.O 

Milford,  0 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  S.D 

Milford,  S.D 

Milford,  Tex 

Milford,  Utah 

Milford,  Wis 

Milford,  Wis 

Milford  Centre,  0 

Military,  Iowa 

Military  Springs,  Ala., 

Milks  Grove,  111 

Mill,  Ala 

Mill,  Ark 

Mill,  Ark 

Mill,  Cal 

Mill.Ga 

Mill.Ga 

Mill.Ga 

Mill,  Ind 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

poet-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

hundred 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

poet- town 

post-prect 

township 

poet-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 


County. 


Davidson 

Barnwell 

Wasatch 

Ashland 

Franklin... 

Pike 

Richland 

Wyandot 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Cumberland 

Dauphin 

liycoming 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Union 

Juniata 

Alcona 

Bawlins 

Mille  Lacs 

Mille  Lacs 

De  Kalb , 

Macon 

Rock  Island..., 

Allen 

Ripley , 

Sumner 

Monroe.... 

Washtenaw 

Sullivan 

Sheridan 

Coos 

Dutchess 

Krie 

Erie 

Gibson 

Carlisle 

Carlisle 

San  Pete 

Edgecombe 

Pawnee 

Centre 

Centre 

Custer 

Erie -. 

Saint  Mary's... 
New  Haven.... 

Kent 

Kent 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Decatur 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Crawford 

Dickinson 

Story 

Geary 

Bracken 

Penobscot 

Worcester 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Brown 

Barton 

Barton 

Seward 

Hillsborough... 

Otsego 

Butler 

Clermont 

Defiance 

Knox 

Bucks 

Juniata. 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Beadle 

Sully 

Ellis 

Beaver 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Union 

Winneshiek.. .. 

Lamar 

Iroquois 

Conecuh 

Baxter 

Garland 

San  Bernardino 

Dade 

De  Kalb 

Madison 

Grant 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,094 
2,100 

718 

846 
1,845 
1,230 

930 
1,465 
6,483 
1,038 
1,507 

647 
1,138 
1,529 

269 
1,168 

842 


944 
631 
845 
1,451 
106 


1,882 

320 

1,117 


895 
1,275 
2,239 

797 
1,600 


309 


356 

1,512 

643 

629 


1,774 

3,347 

3,429 

1,240 

1,570 

612 

305 

492 

1,311 

834 

179 

799 

597 

1,609 

734 

9,310 

2,200 

1,261 

728 

930 


402 
2,398 
2,319 
1,884 

732 
1,460 

876 
2,975 
1,341 

207 

983 
1,776 


164 


1,460 
138 
490 

1,521 


722 

1,460 

284 

603 


312 


731 
1,878 


1,374 

2,226 

769 

770 

1,873 

1,294 

995 

1,333 

11,144 

1,022 

1,388 

546 

696 

1,465 

255 

1,417 

•  877 

.318 

121 

413 

404 

784 

632 

692 

1,587 

318 

229 

2,079 

917 

1,234 

262 

1,029 

1,026 

1,936 

627 

1,546 

2,072 

297 

176 

81 

760 

1,438 

714 

956 

670 

1,920 

3,811 

3,364 

1,226 

1,999 

957 

231 

677 

1,132 

950 

500 

732 

746 

1,413 

835 

8,780 

1,962 

1,138 

761 

995 

145 

555 

3,014 

2,051 

1,649 

995 

1,337 

792 

2,725 

1,276 

158 

793 

869 

136 

79 

363 

576 

1,439 

128 

718 

1,611 

716 

741 

1,876 

401 

788 

446 

314 

1,314 

704 

1,809 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mill,  Neb 

Mill,  Neb 

Mill,  0 

Milladore,  Wis 

Millard,  Neb 

Millard,  Neb 

Millbank,  S.D 

Mill  Bayou,  Ark 

Millborough,  Va. 

Millbrae,  Cal 

Millbridge,  Me 

Millbrook,  111 

Millbrook,  Kan 

Millbrook,  Mich 

Millbrook,  N.Y 

Millbrook,  S.C 

Millburn,  N.J 

Millbury,  Mass 

Millbury,  0 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Del 

Mill  Creek,  Ga 

Mill  Creek,  Ga 

Mill  Creek,  111 

Mill  Creek,  Ind 

Mill  Creek,  Ind 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Ky 

Mill  Creek,  Mo 

Mill  Creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  O 

Mill  Creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  Ore 

Mill  Creek,  Ore 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Utah 

Mill  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Mill  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Milldale,  Ky , 

Milledgeville,  Ga...., 

Milledgeville,  Ga...., 

Milledgeville,  111 

Miller,  Ark 

Miller,  Ga , 

Miller,  111 

Miller,  Ind 

Miller,  Iowa m.. 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo , 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Neb 

Miller,  Neb 

Miller,  N.C 

Miller,  0 

Miller,  Pa 

Miller,  Pa 

Miller,  S.D , 

Miller,  S.D 

Miller,  S.D 

MiUersburg,  111 

Millersburg,  Ind 

MiUersburg,  Ky , 

Millersburg,  Ky 

Millersburg,  0 

Millersburg,  Pa 

Miller's  Creek,  Ky... 

Miller's  Ferry,  Fla., 

Millersport,  0 

MlUersport,  0 

Millerstown,  Ky 

Millerstown,  Pa 

Millerstown,  Pa 

Millersville,  La , 

Millersville,  Pa 

Millerton,  Alaska.... 

Millerton,  N.Y 

Millerville,  Minn 

i  Mill  Grove,  Ind 

I  Mill  Hall,  Pa , 

1  Millheim,  Pa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-twp 
precinct 
post-vill 
city 

township 
mag.-dist 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-vill 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
hundred 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
post-prect 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-prect 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
mil.-dist 
city 

post-Till 
township 
mil.-dist 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
township 
borough 
township 
township 
city 

township 
post-twp 
post-* — 
mag, 
post' 
post- 
post' 
mag 
post 
post' . .. 
village 
post-town 
borough 
post-boro' 
post-town 
post-vill 


;-town 
;.-di9t 

•vill 

vill 
t-boro' 

.-dist 

■prect 

■vill 


villagi 
post' 
post 
towns 

D08t-b„.» 

poa  t-boro 


;-vill 
;-twp 
_jhip 
;-boro' 


County. 


Lancaster 

Sheridan 

Tuscarawas 

Wood 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Grant 

Arkansas 

Bath 

San  Mateo 

Washington.... 

Peoria 

Graham 

Mecosta. 

Dutchess 

Aiken 

Essex 

Worcester 

Wood 

Ashley 

Franklin 

Izard 

Lincoln 

Newton 

Scott 

New  Castle 

Lumpkin 

Whitfield 

Union ., 

Fountain 

Putnam 

Bourbon 

Pottawatomie. 

Wabaunsee 

Washington... 

Carroll , 

Morgan.. 

Coshocton 

Hamilton , 

Union , 

Williams , 

Clackamas  ...., 

Crook 

Clarion , 

Erie 

Lebanon , 

Lycoming , 

Mercer 

Salt  Lake , 

Berkeley 

Hampshire 

Kenton 

Baldwin 

Baldwin 

Carroll 

Cleveland...... 

Jackson 

LaSallo 

Dearborn 

Woodbury 

Dallas. 

Gentry 

Maries 

Marion 

Phelps 

Scotland 

Knox 

Lincoln 

Alexander..... 

Knox 

Huntingdon... 

Perry 

Hand 

Hand 

Marshall , 

Mercer 

Elkhart 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Holmes 

Dauphin 

Estill.- 

Washington... 

Fairfield. 

Lawrence , 

Grayson 

Butler 

Perry , 

Acadia 

Lancaster , 


Dutchess. 
Douglas... 
Steuben... 
Clinton.... 
Centre .... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


627 
'6,514 


520 
131 


190 
1,360 

195 
1,752 
1,163 

446 

706 


1,928 

1,743 

4,741 

483 

941 

1,109 

990 

669 

496 

104 

3,474 


474 

400 
1,918 

511 

894 
1,679 

521 
1,222 

747 
1,631 

626 
11,286 

867 
1,102 

305 


807 
3,279 
2,238 

386 

876 
1,416 
1,306 

710 


3,800 
3,800 

216 
1,153 

916 
1,171 
1,130 


674 
3,441 
1,038 
1,230 

932 
1,227 


890 
826 


379 


1,174 
449 
2,074 
868 
1,814 
1,440 
2,007 


180 
250 


1,108 
662 


1,121 


600 
646 
1,021 
398 
677 

159 


686 

227 

7,933 

760 

798 

328 

1,207 

667 

1,642 

243 

1,963 

966 

167 

971 

693 

2,788 

2,437 

4,428 

646 

1,169 

1,400 

1,336 

647 

626 

123 

3,786 

249 

662 

670 

1,974 

468 

1,208 

1,078 

642 

796 

926 

1,918 

626 

20,169 

800 

1,317 

275 

80 

842 

3,279 

2,465 

345 

821 

1,634 

1,276 

918 

1,003 

3,322 

3,322 

446 

1,298 

1,442 

1,016 

938 

476 

1,006 

3,721 

1,090 

1,257 

955 

1,126 

323 

89 

993 

750 

346 

366 

692 

636 

861 

1,248 

394 

2,113 

850 

1,923 

1,527 

2,097 

762 

269 

231 

133 

1,162 

6i>« 

62 

1,241 

166 

638 

673 

934 

603 

700 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Hillhousen,  Ind 

Milligan,  Neb 

Millington,  111 

MlUlington,  111 

Millington,  Md 

Millington,  Mich 

Millington,  Mich 

Million,  Ky 

Minis,  Mass 

Millport,  Ala 

Millport,  Ala 

MillRun,  W.  Va 

Mills,  111 

Mills,  Mich 

Mills,  Neb 

Millsborough,  Del 

Millsfield,  N.H 

Mill  Shoal,  N.C 

Mill  Shoals,  111 

Mill  Shoals,  111 

Mill  Spring,  Mo 

Mill  Springs,  Ky 

Mill  River,  N.C 

Millstadt,  111 

Millstadt,  111 

Millston,  Wis 

Millstone,  Ky 

Millstone,  N.J 

Millstone,  Pa 

Milltown,  Ala 

Milltown,  Wis.... 

Millvale,  Pa 

Mill  Village,  Pa 

Millvnie,  Ala 

Millville,  Cal 

MillTille,  Iowa 

Millville,  Ky 

Millville,  N.J 

Millville,  Utah 

Millville,  Wis 

Millwood,  Minn 

Millwood,  Mo 

Millwood,  0 

Millwood,  Va 

Milner,  Ga 

Milner  Cross  Boads,  Ga. 

Milnesville,  Pa. 

Milnor,  N.D 

Milnor,  N.D 

Milo,  111 

Milo,  Iowa 

Milo,  Iowa 

Milo,  Me 

Milo,  Minn 

Milo,  N.Y 

Milpitas,  Cal 

Milroy,  Ind 

Mllroy,  Pa 

Milroy,  W.Va 

Milton,  Ala 

Milton,  Del 

Milton,  Fla 

Milton,  111 

Milton,  111 

Milton,  Ind 

Milton,  Ind 

Milton,  Iowa 

Milton,  Kan 

Milton,  Kan 

Milton  and  Trout,  Ky.. 

Milton,  Ky 

Milton,  Mass 

Milton,  Mich 

Milton,  Mich 

Milton,  Minn 

Milton,  N.H 

Milton,  N.Y 

Milton,  N.Y 

Milton,  N.C 

Milton,  N.C 

Milton,  N.D 

Milton,  0 

Milton.O 

Milton,  O 

Milton,  0 

Milton,  0 

Milton,  Ore 

Milton,  Ore 

Milton,  Pa 

Milton,  Utah 

Milton,  Vt 

Milton,  W.Va 

Milton,  Wig 

Milton,  Wis 

Milton,  Wis 

Miltona,  Minn 

160 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

borough 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 


County. 


Decatur. 

Fillmore 

Kendall 

La  Salle 

Kent 

Tuscola 

Tuscola 

Madison 

Norfollc 

Lamar 

Lamar 

Pendleton...., 

Bond 

Ogemaw , 

Pierce 

Sussex 

Coos 

Macon 

White 

White , 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Henderson..., 
Saint  Clair..., 
Saint  Clair.... 

Jackson 

Letcher 

Somerset 

Elk 

Chambers 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Brie 

Lamar 

Shasta 

Clayton 

Woodford 

Cumberland., 

Cache , 

Grant 

Stearns , 

Lincoln 

Guernsey , 

Clarke 

Pike 

Harris , 

Luzerne 

Sargent 

Sargent 

Bureau 

Delaware , 

Warren 

Piscataquis.., 
Mille  Lacs..., 

Yates 

Santa  Clara.. 

Jasper 

Mifflin 

Grant , 

Autauga 

Sussex 

Santa  Bosa.., 

Du  Page 

Pike 

Jefferson 

Wayne , 

Van  Buren... 

Butler 

Marion 

Trimble 

Trimble 

Norfolk 

Antrim 


Dodge 

Strafford 

Saratoga 

Ulster 

Caswell 

Caswell 

Cavalier 

Ashland 

Jackson 

Mahoning 

Wayne 

Wood 

Umatilla 

Umatilla , 

Northumberl'd 

Morgan 

Chittenden 

Cabell 

Buffalo.... 

Bock 

Bock 

Douglas 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


331 


255 
265 
444 

1,641 
492 

1,933 


1,421 


200 
62 

671 
2,083 

263 
1,262 
2,312 
1,754 


1,229 
463 
941 

2,080 
209 

1,779 
282 

1,824 
388 


1,674 
994 
930 

7,660 
539 
204 
283 

1,107 

1,984 


2,069 
772 
672 


990 
688 
100 
934 
172 

5,766 
786 
230 
626 

2,374 


1,026 

1,058 

2,300 

467 

1,913 

866 

412 

469 


2,114 
352 

3,206 
654 
535 
967 

1,516 

5,566 


2,933 
613 


1,192 
3,404 
688 
1,864 
2,181 
1, 


2,102 
235 

2,006 
377 
441 

1,794 
608 
162 


224 

184 

301 

301 

486 

1,616 

464 

1,974 

786 

710 

244 

1,568 

1,084 

66 

173 

324 

62 

699 

2,642 

221 

1,482 

2,368 

1,947 

2,952 

1,186 

399 

1,122 

1,782 

357 

1,743 

459 

3,809 

320 

790 

992 

936 

1,096 

10,002 

679 

197 

519 

986 

2,131 

400 

1,848 

701 

824 

436 

279 

792 

657 

318 

1,029 

252 

6,028 

1,150 

269 

598 

2,456 

1,231 

1,074 

1,455 

2,895 

415 

1,871 

742 

643 

984 

432 

2,759 

458 

4,278 

868 

484 

995 

1,640 

6,820 

531 

2,808 

705 

202 

1,043 

6,056 

687 

1,846 

2,287 

1,937 

544 

5,317 

203 

1,585 

648 

389 

2,300 

685 

228 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Milton  Centre,  0 

Milton  Junction,  Wis... 

Miltonsburg,  0 

Miltonvale,  Kan 

Milwaukee,  Ore 

Milwaukee,  Ore 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Mim,  Ala 

Mimbres  Mill,  N.M 

Mims  Cross  Boada,  Ala. 

Mina,  N.Y 

Minden,  Iowa 

Minden,  Iowa 

Minden,  La 

Minden,  Mich 

Minden,  Minn 

Minden,  Neb 

Minden,  N.Y 

Minden  City,  Mich 

Minden  Mines,  Mo 

Mine  Creek,  Ark 

Mineola,  Tex 

Miner,  Col 

Miner,  S.D 

Mineral,  Ark 

Mineral,  Ark 

Mineral,  Cal 

Mineral,  Idaho 

Mineral,  111 

Mineral,  111 

Mineral,  Kan 

Mineral,  Mo 

Mineral,  Pa 

Mineral  Bluff,  Ga 

Mineral  City,  0 

Mineral  Point,  Col 

Mineral  Point,  Wis 

Mineral  Point,  Wis 

Mineral  Bidge,  0 

Mineral  Springs,  Ark... 

Mineral  Springs,  Ga 

Mineral  Springs,  N.C... 
Mineral  Springs,  N.C... 

Mineral  Wells,  Tex 

Miners  Mills,  Pa 

Minersville,  Cal 

Minersville,  Pa 

Minersville,  Utah 

Minerva,  Iowa 

Minerva,  Ky 

Minerva,  N.Y 

Minerva,  O 

Mineville,  N.Y 

Mingo,  Mo 

Mingo,  N.C 

Mingo,  S  C 

Mingo,  W.  Va 

Mingona,  Kan 

Minier,  III 

Minisink,  N.Y 

Minister,  Ga 

Minneapolis,  Kan 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Minneha,  Kan 

Minneiska,  Minn 

Minneiska,  Minn 

Minnekaduza,  <kc.,  Neb. 

Minnekonta,  Neb 

Minneola,  &c.,  Fla 

Minneola,  Minn 

Minneota,  Minn 

Minneota,  Minn 

Minnesota  Falls,  Minn. 
Minnesota  Lake,  Minn. 
Minnesota  Lake,  Minn. 

Minnetonka,  Minn 

Minnetrista,  Minn 

MinnewMka,  Minn 

Minnewaukon,  N.D 

Minnewaukon,  N.D 

Minnlck,  Tenn 

Minnie  Lake,  N.D 

Minocqua,  Wis 

Minonk,  111 

Minonk,  111 

Minooka,  111 

Minot,  Me 

Minot,  N.D 

Minster,  O 

Minter,  Wash 

Minter  &  Gilstrap,  Ga.. 

Minto,  N.D 

Miiitonsville,  N.C 

Minturn,  Col 

Mirabile,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post'prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

I)OBt-tWp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

l)ost-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

poBt-twp 


County. 


Wood 

Bock 

Monroe 

Cloud 

Clackamas 

Clackamas 

Milwaukee 

Milwaukee 

Wilcox 

Grant 

Chilton.. 

Chautauqua 

Pottawattamie 
Pottawattamie 

Webster. 

Sanilac 

Benton  

Kearney 

Montgomery.... 

Sanilac 

Barton 

Hempstead 

Wood 

Larimer 

Miner 

Pulaski 

Sevier] 

Plumas 

Washington 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Cherokee 

Jasper 

Venango 

Fannin 

Tuscarawas 

San  Juan 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Trumbull 

Howard 

Stewart 

Moore 

Bichmond 

Palo  Pinto 

Luzerne 

Trinity 

Schuylkill 

Beaver 

Marshall 

Mason 

Essex 

Stark 

Essex 

Bates 

Sampson 

Williamsburg... 

Randolph 

Barber 

Tazewell 

Orange 

Jackson 

Ottawa, 

Hennepin 

Sedgwick 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Cherry 

Sheridan 

Lake 

Goodhue 

Jackson 

Lyon 

Yellow  Med 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Pope 

Ramsey 

Benson 

Obion 

Barnes 

Oneida 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Grundy 

Androscoggin... 

Ward 

Auglaize 

Pierce 

Jasper 

Walsh 

Gates 

Eagle 

Caldwell 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


106 


125 

3,472 

116,587 

1,049 


1,134 

1,102 

699 


1,113 

871 

207 

98 

5,100 
191 


2,071 
1,175 


697 
387 
741 


997 

173 

1,144 

1,892 

831 


642 


1,490 
2,916 
1,160 
1,363 
1,768 
787 
1,159 


371 
3,249 

487 

762 

769 
1,162 

666 
2,561 

735 
1,623 
1,371 

831 


600 

1,360 

1,817 

1,084 

46,887 

487 

385 


1,079 
119 
113 
306 
576 
208 

1,069 
844 


2,992 

1,913 

416 

1,763 


1,123 
""580 
*i',389 
""'900 


334 

681 

123 

591 

907 

489 

6,403 

204,468 

891 

352 

1,078 

1,126 

1,048 

287 

1,298 

1,114 

370 

1,380 

5,198 

394 

219^ 

1,173 

1,333 

166 

240 

601 

851 

496 

153 

905 

188 

1,91» 

2,145 

602 

76 

893 

64 

1,271 

2,694 

851 

1,163 

1,981 

1,661 

1,266 

677 

2,075 

81 

3,604 

463 

744 

861 

979 

1,139 

1,844 

623 

2,281 

1,886 

1,055 

452 

664 

1,269 

2,335 

1,766 

164,738 

571 

254 

325 

599 

132 

408 

916 

225 

325 

368 

698 

340 

1,441 

995 

210 

399 

517 

1,621 

212 

463 

3,398 

2,316 

360 

1,355 

575 

1,126 

174 

807 

467 

1,476 

191 

1,01» 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Mirage,  Kan „... 

Mirage,  Neb 

Mirage,  Neb 

MiBeaheimer,  111 

Misenbeiiner,  N.C 

Mishawaka,  Ind 

Misbawaka,  Ore 

Mishicot,  Wis 

Mispillion,  Del 

Mission,  Cal 

Mission,  Cal 

Mission,  111 

Mission,  Kan 

Mission,  Kan 

Mission,  Kan 

Mission,  Mont 

Mission,  Mont 

Mission  Creek,  Kan.... 
Mission  Creek,  Minn.. 

Mission  Creek,  Neb 

Mississinewa,  0 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Cal 

Mississippi,  111 

Mississippi,  Mo 

Mississippi  City,  Mias., 
Mississippi  City,  Miss.. 

Missoula,  Mont 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  III 

Missouri,  Kan 

Missouri,  Mo 

Missouri,  Mo 

Missouri,  Ore 

Missouri  City,  Mo 

Missouri  Ridge,  Neb... 
Missouri  Valley,  Iowa.. 

Mitchel,  Ga 

Mitchell,  Ala , 

Mitchell,  Ala , 

Mitchell,  Ala 

Mitchell,  Ala 

Mitchell,  Alaska 

Mitchell,  Ark 

Mitchell,  Col 

Mitchell,  Ind 

Mitchell,  Iowa 

Mitchell,  Iowa 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  Mich 

Mitchell,  Minn 

Mitchell,  Mont 

Mitchell,  Neb 

Mitchell,  N.C 

Mitchell,  Ore 

Mitchell,  S.D 

Mitchell,  S.D 

Mitchell,  Wis 

Mitchell  Gulch,  Mout.. 

Mitchell  Mill,  Ala 

Mitchell  Mills,  Ky 

Mitchell  Mills,  Miss 

Mitchellsburg,  Ky 

Mitchell  Station,  Ala... 

Mitchelltree,  Ind 

Mitchellville,  Fla 

Mitchellville,  Iowa 

Mitchie,  III 

Mitrofania,  Alaska 

Mixon,  Ala 

Mizell,  Ala 

Moab.  Utah 

Moberly,  Mo 

Mobile,  Ala 

Mobile,  Ga 

Mobley,  S.C 

Moccasin,  Ga 

Moccasin,  III 

Moccasin,  Ky 

Moccasin,  Va 

Mocksville,  N.C 

Modale,  Iowa 

Modell,  Kan 

Modena,  S.D 

Modena,  Wis , 

Modesto,  Cal , 

Moe,  Minn , 

Moffat,  Col , 

Moffat,  Mich , 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

hundred 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

beat 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

city 

mil.-dist 

townsliip 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Rawlins 

Kearney 

Sheridan. 

Union 

Cabarrus 

St.  Joseph.... 

Clatsop 

Manitowoc.., 

Kent 

San  Bernardino 

San  Diego 

La  Salle 

Brown 

Neosho 

Shawnee 

Cascade 

Park 

Wabaunsee 

Pine 

Pawnee 

Darke 

Columbia 

Desha 

Sebastian 

Sacramento 

Jersey 

Mississippi 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Missoula 

Clarke 

Montgomery.... 

Nevada 

Pike 

Brown 

Morton 

Boone 

Chariton 

Coos 

Clay 

Red  Willow 

Harrison 

Pulaski 

Dallas 

Lauderdale 

Pike 

Tuscaloosa 


Cross 

Eagle 

Lawrence 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Nemaha 

Rice 

Stanton 

Alcona 

Wilkin 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Scott's  Bluff 

Bertie 

Crook 

Davison 

Davison 

Sheboygan 

Jefferson 

Elmore 

Robertson 

Attala. 

Boyle 

Bullock 

Martin 

Manatee 

Polk 

Monroe 


Conecuh.... 

Etowah 

Grand 

Randolph .. 

Mobile 

Fannin 

Edgefield... 

Rabun 

Effingham. 

Elliott 

Kussell 

Davie 

Harrison.... 

Norton 

Edmunds... 

Buffalo 

Stanislaus.. 

Douglas 

Saguache... 
Arenac 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


360 


671 
1,042 
2,640 
73 
1,568 
4,334 


1,617 

1,789 

2,266 

796 


1,068 
71 

413 
1,506 

802 
2,343 

691 

384 
1,029 
1,091 
1,989 

266 


945 
170 

2,809 
807 

1,020 


3,443 

1,151 

212 

681 


1,154 

566 

2,229 


849 
424 


1,439 

1,184 

295 


1,358 
270 


320 
1,178 


1,053 

1,410 

3,166 

239 


1,159 


745 

857 


1,009 
568 


6,070 

29,132 

537 

2,896 

405 

1,123 

•1,684 

1,369 

1,764 


811 

1,693 

669 


264 

904 

211 

685 

991 

3,371 

140 

1,417 

4,679 

327 

123 

1,394 

2,597 

2,152 

1,216 

129 

198 

1,080 

85 

627 

1,562 

1,127 

1,621 

854 

316 

1,046 

786 

2,695 

534 

3,426 

2,012 

176 

3,227 

1,204 

873 

85 

3,023 

887 

330 

422 

282 

2,797 

905 

2,348 

616 

1,157 

381 

238 

1,172 

432 

1,583 

995 

309 

713 

562 

68 

83 

162 

48 

97 

1,798 

452 

2,508 

2,217 

1,012 

66 

938 

1,028 

3,766 

230 

296 

1,267 

391 

704 

1,016 

49 

1,200 

496 

333 

8,215 

31,076 

636 

3,446 

728 

950 

2,327 

1,46:^ 

2,016 

288 

350 

227 

828 

2,402 

672 

104 

240 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Moguehesha,  Miss... 

Mohawk,  N.Y 

Mohawk,  N.Y 

Mohawk,  Ore 

Mohican,  0 

Mohican,  O 

Mobrsville,  Pa 

Moira,  N.Y 

Mokelumne,  Cal 

Mokelumne  Hill,  Cal... 

Mokena,  111 

Moland,  Minn 

Molen,  Utah 

Molena,  Ga 

Molena,  Qa 

Moline,  111 

Moline,  Kan 

Molitor,  Wis 

Moltke,  Mich 

Moltke,  Minn 

Momence,  111 

Momeuce,  III 

Momence,  Neb 

Mona,  111 

Mona,  Utah 

Monaghan,  Pa 

Monarch,  Mont 

Monclova,  0.'. 

Moucrief,  Fla 

Mondamin,  Iowa 

Mondamin,  S.D 

Monday  Creek,  0 

Mondovi,  Wis 

Mondovi,  Wis 

Monee,  111 

Monee,  111 

Monegan,  Mo 

Monett,  Mo 

Money  Creek,  111 

Money  Creek,  Minn.... 

Monguagon,  Mich 

Monico,  Wis. 

Moniteau,  Mo 

Moniteau,  Mo 

Monitor,  Mich 

Monkland,  Ore 

Monkton,  Vt 

Monmouth,  III 

Monmouth,  III 

Monmouth,  Iowa 

Monmouth,  Kan 

Monmouth,  Me 

Monmouth,  Ore 

Monon,  Ind 

Monon,  Ind 

Monona,  Iowa 

Monona,  Iowa 

Monongahela,  Pa 

Monongahela  City,  Pa. 

Monroe,  Ark 

Monroe,  Ark 

Monroe,  Conn 

Monroe,  Ga 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  led 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa , 

Monroe,  Iowa , 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa , 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


beat 

post-vlU 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

towne^ip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Neshoba 

Herkimer , 

Montgomery.... 

Lane 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Berks 

Franklin 

Calaveras , 

Calaveras 

Will 

Clay 

Emery , 

Pike , 

Pike 

Rock  Island..... 

Elk 

Taylor 

Presque  Isle .... 

Sibley 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Fillmore 

Ford 

Juab 

York 

Cascade 

Lucas 

Duval 

Harrison 

Hand 

Perry , 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Will 

Will , 

Saint  Clair , 

Barry 

McLean 

Houston 

Wayne , 

Forest 

Cooper 

Randolph 

Bay 

Sherman 

Addison 

Warren , 

Warren 

Jackson , 

Shawnee , 

Kennebec 

Polk 

White , 

White 

Clayton. 

Clayton 

Greene 

Washington 

Mississippi 

Sevier , 

Fairfield , 

Walton 

Cass 

Hardin 

Ogle 

Pope 

Adams 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Delaware 

Grant 

Howard 

Jefferson 

Kosciusko 

Madison 

Morgan 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Washington 

Benton 

Butler 

Fremont 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Linn 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Monroe 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Wayne 

Anderson 


PopnlatioD. 


1880.      1890, 


2,051 

1,441 

2,943 

298 

1,693 

141 

267 

2,264 


515 
522 


1,792 


7,800 
79 


490 

145 

1,213 

1,037 

502 

744 

602 

1,055 


1,031 


158 


1,636 


295 
1,594 

603 
1,321 


1,104 

764 

2,301 


1,539 

1,472 

931 

"i',625 
6,420 
6,000 
1,694 
1,176 
1,620 
1,257 
1,215 

288 
1,623 

420 

930 
2,904 
2,049 

971 
1,167 

630 


1,484 

968 

1,000 

1,634 

1,612 

1,566 

1,887 

1,433 

1,287 

1,159 

1,362 

1,026 

2,648 

1,638 

2,115 

1,774 

1,477 

1,875 

1,076 

829 

891 

985 

982 

941 

1,192 

760 

1,254 

753 

546 

1,012 

648 

2,144 

161 


2,345 

1,806 

2,839 

368 

1,636 

140 

620 

2,512 

2,002 

573 

364 

356 

i:m 

2,160 

198 

12,000 

527 

117 

465 

553 

1,645 

1,635 

717 

756 

469 

923 

39 

1,022 

665 

267 

177 

1,090 

587 

603 

1,309 

445 

1,174 

1,699 

882 

700 

1,866 

128 

1,573 

1,609 

1,702 

283 

847 

7,081 

5,936 

1,597 

1,279 

1,362 

666 

1,960 

1,064 

1,475 

460 

814 

4,096 

2,723 

1,101 

994 

983 

312 

1,822 

928 

1,030 

2,685 

1,838 

2,078 

2,071 

1,432 

1,303 

1,135 

1,267 

1,009 

3,014 

1,438 

2,240 

2,332 

1,414 

2,106 

1,041 

744 

1,088 

1,030 

952 

822 

1,261 

771 

1,070 

1,064 

772 

932 

586 

767 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Monroe,  La 

Monroe,  Me 

Monroe,  Mass 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Minn.. 

Monroe,  Miss 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  Mo...., 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  Mo , 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  Neb 

Monroe,  Neb 

Monroe,  Neb 

Monroe,  N.H 

Monroe,  N.J 

Monroe,  N.J 

Monroe,  N.Y 

Monroe,  N.Y 

Monroe,  N.C 

Monroe,  N.C 

Monroe,  N.C 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  Ore 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa. 

Monroe,  Utah 

Monroe,  Utah 

Monroe,  Va. 

Monroe,  Wis , 

Monroe,  Wis 

Monroe,  Wis 

Monroe  City,  Ind.. 
Monroe  City,  Mo.., 
Monroeville,  Ala..., 
Monroeville,  Ind... 

Monrovia,  Ala 

Monrovia,  Cal 

Monson,  Me 

Monson,  Mass 

Monson,  Minn 

Montague,  Cal 

Montague,  Mass..., 
Montague,  Mich..., 
Montague,  Mich.... 

Montague,  N.J 

Montague,  N.Y 

Montague,  Tex 

Mont  Alto,  Pa 

Montana,  Col........ 

Montana,  Kan , 

Montana,  Kan 

Montana,  Wis 

Montcalm,  Mich..., 
Montclair,  &c..  Col 

Montclair,  Col 

Montclair,  N.J 

Mont  Clare,  Pa 

Monte  Bello,  111... 
Montecillo,  N.M... 

Monteer,  Mo 

Montello,  Wis 

Montello,  Wis 

Monterey,  Ala 

Monterey,  Cal 

Monterey,  Cal 

162 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

poBt-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vlU 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Ouachita 

Waldo 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Newaygo- 

Lyon 

Perry 

Andrew 

Daviess 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Monroe - 

Nodaway....... 

Hamilton 

Platte 

Saline 

Grafton 

Gloucester 

Middlesex 

Orange 

Orange 

Guilford 

Union 

Union 

Adams 

Allen 

Ashtabula 

Carroll 

Clermont 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Guernsey 

Harrison 

Henry 

Holmes , 

Knox 

Licking , 

Logan 

Madison 

Miami 

Muskingum... 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Putnam „. 

Richland 

Benton 

Bedford 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Clarion 

Cumberland... 

Juniata 

Snyder 

Wyoming 

Sevier 

Sevier 

Greene 

Adams 

Green 

Green 

Knox 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Allen 

Madison 

Los  Angeles... 

Piscataquis 

Hampden 

Traverse 

Siskiyou 

Franklin 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Sussex 

Lewis 

Montague 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Jewell 

Labette 

ButTalo 

Montcalm 

Arapahoe 

Arapahoe 

Essex 

Montgomery., 

Hancock , 

Sierra 

Shannon 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Butler 

Monterey 

Monterey 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,070 
1,366 

166 
1,018 
4,930 

362 

281 

90 

1,172 

869 
1,944 

961 
1,130 


664 


631 

604 
1,858 
3,017 
5,096 

459 

905 
4,051 
1,564 
1,400 
2,182 
1,459 
1,283 
2,101 
1,003 
1,400 
1,080 
1,364 
1,148 
1,054 
1,031 
1,339 
1,309 

650 
2,829 

980 
1,780 
1,880 
1,986 

788 
1,888 

801 
1,911 
1,388 

383 
1,161 
1,905 
1,125 
1,477 
1,171 

744 


1,692 

448 
902 

3,293 
401 
640 

1,832 
578 


827 
3,758 


4,875 
1,950 
1,297 
1,022 
975 
328 


788 

871 

847 

1,724 


5,147 
'i','976 


950 

394 

1,505 


1,396 


3,256 

1,079 

282 

890 

5,268 

1,066 

252 

2,375 

1,153 

1,012 

2,679 

992 

2,366 

1,334 

856 

780 

783 

478 

1,945 

3,040 

1,694 

630 

936 

4,876 

1,866 

1,430 

1,995 

1,492 

1,487 

1,837 

1,031 

1,339 

966 

1,882 

2,037 

1,062 

874 

1,340 

1,260 

704 

2,718 

878 

4,506 

1,714 

2,067 

2,697 

1,779 

60:i 

1,909 

1,596 

496 

1,047 

1,744 

1,092 

1,279 

1,345 

880 

880 

1,714 

462 

966 

3,768 

589 

1,830 

2,286 

673 

1,479 

907 

1,237 

3,650 

364 

250 

6,296 

1,967 

1,623 

797 

905 

795 

658 

505 

772 

838 

840 

1,510 

2,182 

380 

8,656 

666 

2,129 

426 

836 

1,177 

761 

1,271 

4,677 

1,662 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Monterey,  Ind 

Monterey,  Ky 

Monterey,  Ky 

Monerey,  Mass 

Monterey,  Mich 

Monterey,  Neb 

Monterey,  O 

Monterey,  Va 

Montesano,  Wash 

Montevallo,  Ala 

Montevallo,  Ala 

Montevallo,  Mo 

Montevideo,  Minn.... 

Monte  Vista,  Col 

Montezuma,  Cal 

Montezuma,  &c..  Col. 

Montezuma,  Ga 

Montezuma,  Ga 

Montezuma,  111 

Montezuma,  Ind 

Montezuma,  Iowa.... 

Montezuma,  Kan 

Montezuma,  N.Y 

Montezuma,  N.Y 

Moutford  Cove,  N.C. 

Montfort,  Wis 

Montforton,  Mont.... 
Montgomery,  Ala..... 

Montgomery,  Ark 

Montgomerj-,  111 

Montgomerj-,  111 

Montgomery,  III 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery',  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ky 

Montgomery,  La. , 

Montgomery,  Mass..., 
Montgomery,  Minn... 
Montgomery,  Minn... 

Montgomery,  Mo , 

Montgomery,  Mo....... 

Montgomery,  Mo„ 

Montgomery,  N.J...... 

Montgomery,  N.Y...., 

Montgomery,  N.Y 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  O 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  Pa..»..., 

Montgomery,  Pa. 

Montgomery,  Pa. 

Montgomery,  Vt. 

Montgomery  City,  Mo.. 
Montgomery  Hill,  Ala.. 
Montgomery  Sta'n,  Pa. 

Monticello,  Ala 

Monticello,  Ark 

Monticello,  Fla. 

Monticello,  Ga 

Monticello,  Ga 

Monticello,  111 

Monticello,  111 

Monticello,  Ind_. 

Monticello,  Iowa 

Monticello,  Iowa 

Monticello,  Kan 

Monticello,  Ky 

Monticello,  Ky 

Monticello,  Me 

Monticello,  Minn 

Monticello,  Minn 

Monticello,  Mo 

Monticello,  N.Y 

Monticello,  Utah 

Monticello,  Wis 

Monticello,  Wis 

Montiflore,  N.D 

Montmorency,  111 

Montmorency,  Mich.... 

Montour  Cove,  La^ 

Montour,  Iowa 

Montour,  N.Y 

Montour,  Pa.: 

Montoursville,  Pa. 

Montpelier,  Idaho 

Montpelier,  Idaho 

Montpelier,  Ind 

Montpelier,  Iowa. 

Montpelier,  0 

Montpelier,  S.D 

Montpelier,  Vt 

Montpelier,  Vt 

Montpelier,  Wis 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mll.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poBt-vUl 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 


township 

township 

township 

ward 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-to'" 

post-tw 

post-vil. 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


■town 

vp 
t-vill 


County. 


Pulaski 

Owen 

Owen 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Cuming 

Putnam 

Highland 

Chehalis 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Vernon 

Chippewa 

Rio  Grande 

Solano 

Summit 

Macon 

Macon 

Pike 

Parke 

Poweshiek 

Gray 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

McDowell 

Grant 

Gallatin 

Montgomery... 

Monroe 

Crawford 

Kane 

Woodford 

Daviess 

Gibson 

Jennings 

Owen „ 

Trigg 

Grant 

Hampden 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Hickory 

Montgomery.  „ 

Wright 

Somerset 

Orange 

Orange 

Ashland 

Franklin 

Marion 

Wood 

Franklin 

Indiana 

Montgomery... 

Franklin 

Montgomery... 

Baldwin 

Lycoming 

Pike 

Drew 

Jefferson 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Piatt 

Piatt 

White 

Jones 

Jones 

Johnson 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Aroostook 

Wrigh 

Wright 

Lewis. 

Sullivan 

San  Juan 

Green 

Lafayette 

McLean 

Whiteside 

Montmorency.. 

Vermilion 

Tama 

Schuyler 

Columbia 

Lycoming 

Bear  Lake 

Bear  Lake 

Blackford 

Muscatine 

Williams 

Edmunds 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 
Kewaunee 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


144 

2,490 

235 

635 

1,533 


1,354 
1,406 


2,334 
402 

1,095 
682 


619 


3,496 
440 

1,478 
781 
921 


1,294 

448 

798 

64 


16,713 

1,721 

1,941 

209 

902 

155 

3,180 

770 

668 

103 


303 
1,092 

261 
1,875 
2,778 

841 
1,928 
4,795 

936 
4,638 
61,647 
1,765 
2,283 
1,211 
3,408 

876 
1,642 
1,165 


414 
766 
891 


1,473 

511 

2,.552 

1,337 

1,193 

2,905 

1,877 

1,396 

3,273 

354 

966 

616 

290 

324 

941 


156 
413 


654 


1,308 
457 

1,771 
660 

1,193 


546 
618 
628 
406 


3,219 
1,874 
1,405 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Montrose,  Col 

Montrose,  Ck)l 

Montrose,  Iowa 

Montrose,  Iowa 

Montrose,  Mich 

Montrose,  Minn 

Montrose,  Mo 

Montrose,  Neb 

Montrose,  N.D 

Montrose,  Pa 

Montrose,  S.  D 

Montrose,  Wis 

Montross,  Va 

Montverde,  Fla 

Montville,  Conn 

Montville,  Me 

Montville,  0 

Montville,  0 

Monument,  Cal 

Monument,  Col 

Monument,  Col 

Monument,  Kan 

Monumental,  Ore 

Moody,  Ala , 

Moody,  S.C , 

Moody,  Tex , 

Mooers.  N.Y 

Moon,  Pa , 

Moon,  Pa - 

Mooney,  Ark , 

Moouey,  Mo 

Moons,  S.C 

Moonshine,  Minn 

Moore,  Kan 

Moore,  Mich 

Moore,  Minn 

Moore,  Mo 

Moore,  Mo 

Moore,  Pa 

Moore  Creek,  Idaho.... 

Moorefleld,  Ind 

Moorefield,  Neb 

Moorefleld,  0 

Moorefleld,  0 

Moorefield,  W.  Va 

Moorefleld,  W.  Va 

Mooreland,  Pa 

Moore  Prairie,  111 

Mooresborough,  N.C. .. 
Moore's  Bridge,  Ala.... 

Moore's  Hill,  Ind 

Moore's  Station,  Cal.... 

MooresTille,  Ala 

Mooresville,  Ala 

Mooresville,  Ind 

Mooresville,  Minn 

Mooresville,  Mo 

Mooresville,  Mo 

Mooresville,  N.C 

Moorhead,  Minn 

Moorbead,  Minn 

Moorland,  Mich 

Moors,  Ala , 

Moose  Lake,  Minn 

Moose  Lake,  Minn 

Mora,  N.M 

Mora  Cordillera,  N.M 

Moraine,  N.D 

Moral,  Ind 

Moran,  Mich 

Moran,  Minn 

Morantown,  Kan 

Moravia,  Iowa , 

Moravia,  N.Y 

Moravia,  N.Y 

Moravian  Falls,  N.C 

Morea,  Pa 

Moreau,  Mo 

Moreau,  Mo 

Moreau,  Mo 

Moreau,  N.Y , 

Moredock,  111 , 

Morehead,  Ky 

Morehead,  Ky , 

Morehead,  N.C 

Morehead,  N.C 

Morehead  City,  N.C... 

Morehouse,  N.if 

Moreland,  Ark 

Moreland,  Mo 

Moreland,  Mont 

Moreland,  Pa 

Morelaw,  Kan 

Morenci,  Ariz 

Morenci,  Mich 

Moretown,  Vt 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

po8t-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-towu 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

poat-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township. 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

poat-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Montrose 

Montrose 

Lee 

Lee 

Genesee 

Wright 

Henry 

Sioux 

Cavalier 

Susquehanna.... 

McCook 

Dane 

Westmoreland.. 

Lake 

New  London.... 

Waldo 

Geauga 

Medina 

San  Diego 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

Logan 

Harney 

Saint  Clair 

Marion 

McLennan  

Clinton 

Alleghany 

Beaver 

Phillips 

Polk 

Newberry 

Big  Stone 

Barber 

Sanilac 

Stevens .*.. 

Oregon 

Shannon  

Northampton... 

Boise 

Switzerland 

Frontier 

Clark 

Harrison 

Hardy 

Hardy 

Montgomery  ... 

Jefferson 

Cleveland 

Tuscaloosa 

Dearborn 

Butte 

Limestone 

Limestone 

Morgan 

Crow  Wing 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Iredell 

Clay 

Clay 

Muskegon 

De  Kalb 

Carlton 

Carlton 

Mora 

Mora 

Grand  Forks.... 

Shelby 

Mackinac 

Todd 

Allen 

Appanoose 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Wilkes 

Schuylkill 

Cole 

Moniteau 

Morgan 

Saratoga 

Monroe 

Bowan 

Rowan 

Carteret 

Guilford 

Carteret 

Hamilton 

Pope 

Scott 

Gallatin 

Lycoming. 

Graham 

Graham 

Lenawee 

Washington 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,272 
983 

1,:J57 
141 
495 


1,108 
2,156 


2,664 

1,255 

824 

1,304 


125 


1,378 


4,381 
1,.H89 
1,124 
396 
1,561 
2,102 


359 
236 
673 
149 
2,728 


1,345 
1,075 
1,635 
554 
1,746 
1,214 


281 
333 


183 
864 


1,112 
172 
608 


409 


613 
100 


1,814 
306 
464 


173 
2,699 
1,540 


1,736 

1,365 

3,045 

2,555 

662 

1,051 

163 

1,365 

2,699 

520 

181 

394 

1,371 


828 
381 


1,209 
1,180 


685 

1,330 

1,788 

778 

1,654 

214 

644 

3;i6 

897 

1,735 

563 

1,251 

2,032 

141 

2,344 

1,049 

691 

854 

360 

443 

177 

429 

100 

805 

1,720 

432 

3,467 

1,449 

1,092 

532 

1,826 

2,265 

198 

397 

883 

220 

740 

309 

2,644 

90 

115 

443 

1,307 

1,150 

1,744 

495 

1,889 

1,164 

197 

612 

469 

437 

1,664 

143 

891 

787 

1,099 

300 

886 

294 

2,088 

738 

750 

474 

169 

688 

242 

64 

1,626 

452 

273 

463 

311 

2,498 

1,486 

1,196 

823 

2,029 

1,248 

3,816 

2,698 

677 

1,790 

491 

1,663 

2,331 

1,064 

182 

2.34 

1,808 

125 

737 

347 

758 

1,248 

952 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Morgan,  Ala 

Morgan,  Ark 

Morgan,  Ark. 

Morgan,  Ark 

Morgan,  Oa 

Morgan,  Oa 

Morgan,  Ga 

Morgan,  III 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa. 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Kan 

Morgan,  Minn 

Morgan,  Minn 

Morgan,  Mo 

Morgan,  Mo 

Morgan,  N.C 

Morgan,  N.C 

Morgan,  N.D 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  0 

Morgan,  0 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  Pa 

Morgan,  Tex 

Morgan,  Utah 

Morgan,  Utah 

Morgan,  Vt 

Morgan,  W.  Va 

Morgan  City,  La 

Morganfield,  Ky 

Morganfleld,  Ky 

Morgan  Park,  111 

Morganton,  Ga. 

Morganton,  Ga 

Morganton,  N.C 

Morganton,  N.C 

Morganton,  Tenn 

Morgantown,  Ky 

Morgantown,  Ky 

Morgantown,  W.  Va... 

Morganville,  Kan 

Moriah,  N.Y 

Moritzius,  Minn 

Morken,  Minn 

Morley,  Mich 

Morley,  Mo 

Morley,  Mo 

Mormon  Basin,  Ore 

Morning  Star,  N.C 

Morning  Sun,  Iowa.... 

Morning  Sun,  Iowa 

Moro,  Ark 

Moro,  Ark 

Moro,  III 

Moro,  Ore 

Morocco,  Ind ;.... 

MoR)ni,  Utah 

Moroni,  Utah 

Morrellville,  Pa. 

Morrice,  Mich 

Morrill,  Kan 

Morrill,  Kan 

Morrill,  Me 

Morrill,  Minn 

Morrillton,  Ark 

Morris,  Ala 

Morris,  Ark 

Morris,  Conn 

Morris,  111 , 

Morris,  111 

Morris,  Kan 

Morris,  Minn 

Morris,  Minn 

Morris,  Mo 

Morris,  Mo 

Morris,  N.J 

Morris,  N.Y 

Morris,  N.Y , 

Morris,  N.D , 

Morris,  0 , 

Morris,  Pa , 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa , 

Morris,  Wis 

Morrisdale,  Pa. 

Sfbrrison,  Ala. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
township 
township 
township 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
precinct 
post-vill 
post-town 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
mag.-dist- 
post-vill 
post-vill 
mil.-dist 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
civil-dist 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-vill 
post-town 
village 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
precinct 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-prect 
post-town 
precinct 
post-vill 
village 
post-vill 
township 
•vill 
•town 
■twp 


post 
post-1 


post-i 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poet- vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

Tillage 

precinct 


County, 


Winston 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Sharp 

Calhoun 

Clinch 

Hall  

Coles 

Harrison 

Owen 

Porter 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Woodbury 

Thomas 

Redwood 

Redwood 

Dade 

Mercer 

Rowan 

Rutherford.... 

Traill 

Ashtabula 

Butler 

Gallia , 

Knox 

Morgan 

Scioto 

Greene 

Bosque 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Orleans 

Monongalia.... 
Saint  Mary's. . 

Union 

Union 

Cook 

Fannin 

Fannin 

Burke 

Burke 

Loudon 

Butler 

Butler 

Monongalia... 

Clay 

Essex 

Wright 

Clay 

Mecosta 

Scott. 

Scott. 

Malheur 

Mecklenburg. 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Bradley 

Calhoun 

Madison 

Sherman 

Newton , 

San  Pete 

San  Pete.„ 

Cambria. 

Shiawassee 

Brown 

Brown , 

Waldo 

Morrison 

Conway , 

Jefferson 

Arkansas 

Litchfield 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Sumner 

Stevens... 

Stevens , 

Sullivan 

Texas 

Morris 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Ramsey 

Knox 

Clearfield 

Greene 

Huntingdon ... 

Tioga. 

Washington.... 

Shawano 

CTearfleld 

Randolph 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


449 
111 

392 

1,264 

895 

1,391 

918 

708 

464 

GOl 

484 

711 

63 


66 


1,679 

2,867 

1,180 

713 


1,223 

1,884 

1,466 

728 

2,005 

1,019 

1,035 

347 

682 

433 

711 

2,722 

2,016 

2,900 

744 

187 

1,482 

143 

2,966 

861 

762 


204 
746 


7,379 
104 


299 
828 
232 


1,593 

1,734 

812 

292 

786 

1,249 


174 
838 
838 
659 
229 
972 


494 


770 


408 

627 

3,671 

3,486 

322 

269 

743 

909 

1,080 

6,837 

2,404 

768 


833 

1,969 

1,390 

678 

622 

1,161 


409 

967 

163 


292 
411 
338 
374 
180 
615 
773 
1,046 
1,333 
790 

sao 

874 

638 

820 

751 

661 

1,009 

196 

301 

1,812 

3,064 

1,265 

836 

288 

1,016 

1,519 

1,415 

645 

2,189 

934 

1,036 

426 

633 

333 

520 

2,973 

2,291 

3,106 

1,094 

1,027 

1,762 

170 

4,318 

1,657 

958 

2,957 

250 

1,011 

233 

6,787 

161 

232 

486 

1,223 

396 

61 

2,184 

1,617 

881 

412 

1,010 

1,107 

243 

397 

1,251 

958 

2,827 

420 

1,355 

308 

460 

132 

1,644 

156 

1,057 

684 

3,745 

3,653 

463 

237 

1,266 

1,106 

1,671 

10,156 

1,920 

601 

138 

843 

8,297 

1,585 

726 

1,849 

1,076 

400 

669 

1,078 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Morrison,  Col 

Morrison,  Col 

Morrison,  111 

Morrison,  Iowa 

Morrison,  Wis 

Morrisonville,  111 

Morristown,  Ind 

Morristown,  Minn 

Morristown,  Minn 

Morristown,  N.J 

Morristown,  N.T 

Morristown,  N.Y 

Morristown,  0 

Morristown,  Tenn 

Morristown,  Vt 

Morrisville,  N.T 

Morrisville,  N.C 

Morrisville,  Pa 

Morro,  Cal 

Morrow,  Qa 

Morrow,  Mo 

Morrow,  Mo 

Morrow,  O 

Morse,  Idaho 

Morse,  Minn 

Morse,  Wis 

Morton,  111 

Morton,  111 

Morton,  Iowa 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Mich 

Morton,  Minn 

Morton,  Neb 

Morton,  N.C 

Morton,  N.D 

Morton,  Pa 

Morton,  S.D 

Morton,  S.D 

Morton's  Gap,  Ky 

Mortonsville,  Ky 

Morven,  Ga 

Morren,  N.C 

Morzhovoi,  Alaska 

Mosalem,  Iowa 

Moscow,  Ala 

Moscow,  Idaho 

Moscow,  Iowa 

Moscow,  Kan 

Moscow,  Ky 

Moscow,  Ky 

Moscow,  Me 

Moscow,  Md 

Moscow,  Mich 

Moscow,  Minn 

Moscow,  Miss 

Moscow,  N.D 

Moscow,  0 

Moscow,  Pa 

Moscow,  Tenn 

Moscow,  Wis 

Mosel,  Wis 

Mosely  Hall,  N.C 

Mosier,  Ore 

Mosinee,  Wis 

Mosinee,  Wis 

Mosquito,  111 

Moss,  Ark. 

Moss,  Ga 

Moss,  S.C 

Moss  Creek,  Mo 

Mossy  Bend,  Fla 

Mossy  Creek,  Ga 

Mossy  Head,  Fla 

Motley,  Minn , 

Motley,  Minn 

Mott,  Cal , 

Mott,  Iowa 

Mottville,  Mich 

Mottville,  N.Y , 

Moulton,  Ala 

Monlton,  Iowa 

Moulton,  Minn 

Moulton,  O 

Moulton,  Tex 

Moultonborough,  N.H 

Moultrie,  Gra 

Mound,  111 

Mound,  111 

Mound,  Ind 

Mound,  Kan 

Mound,  Kan 

Mound,  Kan 

Mound,  Minn 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

Tillage 

post-twp 

township 

post-beat 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Whiteside 

Grundy 

Brown 

Christian 

Shelby 

Rice 

Bice 

Morris 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Belmont 

Hamblen 

Lamoille 

Madison 

Wake 

Bucks 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Columbia 

Adair 

Macon 

Warren 

Lemhi 

St.  Louis 

Ashland 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Page 

Morton 

Ottawa 

Sedgwick 

Wallace 

Mecosta 

Kenville 

York 

Alamance 

Burleigh 

Delaware 

Day 

Sully 

Hopkins 

Woodford 

Brooks 

Anson 


Dubuque 

Lamar 

Latah 

Muscatine 

Stevens 

Hickman 

Hickman 

Somerset 

Alleghany 

Hillsdale 

Freeborn 

Kemper 

Cavalier 

Clermont 

Lackawanna.... 

Fayette 

Iowa 

Sheboygan  

Lenoir 

Wasco 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Christian 

Columbia 

Elbert 

Edgefield 

Carroll 

Walton 

White 

Walton 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Siskiyou 

Franklin 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Onondaga 

Lawrence 

Appanoose 

Murray 

Auglaize 

Lavaca 

Carroll 

Colquit 

E£Bngham 

McDonough..... 

Warren , 

McPherson 

Miami , 

Phillips 

Bock 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


186 

1,981 

116 

1,543 

748 

375 

1,422 

517 

5,418 

2,186 

397 

434 

1,350 

2,099 

741 

165 

968 

281 

927 

1,683 

798 

946 


1,490 
426 

707 


276 
"471 


984 
"327 


241 

1,270 
1,856 
2,225 


900 


873 


1,828 
288 
522 
264 

1,337 
650 

2,860 


516 
320 
193 
921 

1,011 

2,446 
116 
882 
201 

1,551 
826 
768 

1,480 


205 
199 


2,304 
690 
533 

3,503 

681 

69 

1,436 
109 

1,254 
790 

1,870 

1,305 
484 
663 
739 
375 
244 


450 
254 

2,088 
165 

1,449 
844 
561 

1,557 
517 

8,156 

1,966 
472 
371 

1,999 

2,411 
726 
149 

1,203 

1,817 

1,095 

1,472 
688 
842 
75 
702 
331 

1,661 
657 
704 
150 
697 
695 
218 
967 
453 
916 

1,240 

16 

821 

344 

39 

548 

1,119 

2,300 

2,562 

68 

814 

1,778 

2,861 
640 
184 

1,913 
315 
422 
218 

1,127 
639 

3,412 
143 
591 
582 
201 

1,145 
863 

2,471 
240 
626 
427 

1,377 

1,000 
912 

1,353 
620 
279 

1,009 

.54 

365 

525 

1,173 
499 
544 
551 

2,925 
769 
144 

1,339 
231 

1,034 
645 

2,225 

1,145 
515 

1,150 
736 
539 
3Z5 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mound,  Mo 

Mound  City,  Ark 

Mound  City,  111 

Mound  City,  Kan 

Mound  City,  Kan 

Mound  City,  Mo 

Mound  Prairie,  Iowa... 
Mound  Prairie,  Minn... 

Moundridge,  Kan 

Mounds  Junction,  HI... 

Mound  Station,  111 

Moundsview,  Minn 

Moundsville,  W^.  Va 

Mound  Valley,  Kan .... 

Mound  Valley,  Kan 

Moundville,  Mo 

Moundville,  Mo 

Moundville,  Wis 

Mountain,  Ala 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Cal 

Mountain,  Ac,  Cal 

Mountain,  Cal 

Mountain,  Ga 

Mountain,  Ga .' 

Mountain,  111 

Mountain,  Mo 

Mountain,  Mo 

Mountain,  Ore 

Mountain,  Wash 

Mountain  City,  Tenn... 
Mountain  Cove,  W.  Va. 
Mountain  Creek,  Ala.... 
Mountain  Creek,  N.C... 
Mountain  Creek,  Ore... 
Mountain  Dell,  Utah... 
Mountain  Grove,  Mo... 
Mountain  Grove,  Mo... 
Mountain  Home,  Ark.. 
Mountain  Home,  Ark... 
Mountain  Home,  Idaho 
Mountain  Home,  Idaho 
Mountain  Island,  N.C. 
Mountain  Lake,  Minn 
Mountain  Lake,  Minn. 
Mountain  Meadow, 

Idaho 

Mountain  Meadows, Col 
MountHin  Banch,  Ore.. 
Mountain  Spring,  Ala.. 
Mountain  Spring,  Cal. 

Mountain  Top,  Pa 

Mouutaintown,  Ga...... 

Mountain ville.  Pa 

Mount  Airy,  Ga. 

Mount  Airy,  Md 

Mount  Airy,  N.C 

Mount  Airy,  N.C 

Mount  Andrew,  Ala.... 

Mount  Auburn,  Ga 

Mount  Auburn,  111 

Mount  Auburn,  111 

Mount  Auburn,  Ind... 

Mount  Ayr,  Iowa 

Mount  Ayr,  Kan 

Mount  Blanchard,  O.... 

Mount  Blanco,  Tex 

Mount  Calm,  Ark 

Mount  Carbon,  Pa 

Mount  Carbon,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Carmel,  111 

Mount  Carmel,  111 

Mount  Carmel,  111 

Mount  Carmel,  Ind 

Mount  Carmel,  Ky 

Mount  Carmel,  Ky 

Mount  Carmel,  Miss.... 

Mount  Carmel,  Pa 

Mount  Carmel,  Pa 

Mount  Carmel,  Utah... 

Mount  Carmel,  Va 

Mount  Carroll,  111 

Mount  Carroll,  111 

Mount  Chase,  Me 

Mount  Clemens,  Mich. 


B&nkof 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

poBt-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

borough 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-beat 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

city 


County. 


Bates 

Crittenden.... 

Pulaski 

Linn 

Linn 

Holt 

Jasper 

Houston 

McPherson... 

Pulaski 

Brown 

Ramsey 

Marshall 

Labette 

Labette 

Vernon.™ 

Vernon 

Marquette.... 

Clay 

Cleburne....  ~. 

Crawford 

Franklin , 

Garland 

Howard.. 

Logan 

Montgomery. 

Pike 

Polk 

Scott 

Washington. 

Yell 

El  Dorado..... 
San  Bernardino 

Siskiyou 

Dade 

Walton 

Saline 

Barry 

McDonald.... 

Umatilla. 

Snohomish  .. 

Johnson 

Fayette , 

Autauga , 

Catawba 

Grant 

Salt  Lake 

Wright 

Wright 

Baxter 

Baxter , 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Gaston 

Cottonwood. 
Cottonwood. 


Latah 

Boutt 

Curry 

Franklin 

Butte 

Luzerne 

Gilmer. 

Lehigh 

Habersham 

Carroll 

Surry 

Surry 

Barbour 

McDuffle 

Christian 

Christian 

Wayne 

Binggold 

Osborne 

Hancock 

Crosby 

Fulton 

Schuylkill 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Franklin 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Covington 

Northumberl'd 
Northumberl'd 

Kane 

Halifax 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Penobscot 

Macomb 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


586 
595 
2,222 
1,471 
443 
678 
843 
756 


684 

196 

673 

1,774 

1,408 

138 

704 

85 

334 

190 

147 

1,066 


359 


900 
632 
446 
682 
411 
1,068 
365 
268 


202 
130 
1,521 
975 
990 
297 
300 


278 
3,041 


1,614 


95 
721 

92 

1,008 

137 


321 
1,043 


400 


796 
108 
112 


2,893 

519 

1,199 

1,182 

1,741 

208 

171 

1,275 

657 

285 


327 


2,753 
2,047 

182 
1,518 

185 
1,913 
3,126 
2,378 

137 
2,773 
2,878 


310 
3,057 


164 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


,  Mount  OHo,  S.C 

Mount  Cory,  0 

Mount  Croghan,  S.C... 

Mount  Desert,  Me 

Mount  Dora,  Fla 

Mount  Eaton,  O 

Mount  Eden,  Ky 

Mount  Eden,  Ky 

Mount  Erie,  111 

Mount  Erie,  111 

Mount  Fairview,  Cal... 

Mount  Gilead,  N.C 

Mount  Gilead,  0 

Mount  Gilead,  Va 

Mount  Haley,  Mich 

Mount  Hebron,  Ala 

Mount  Hermon,  N.C... 

Mount  High,  Ala 

Mount  Hilliard,  Ala.... 

Mount  Holly,  N.C 

Mount  Holly,  Vt 

Mount  Holly  Spr'gs,  Pa 

Mount  Hope,  Ala 

Mount  Hope,  Ala 

Mount  Hope,  111 

Mount  Hope,  Kan 

Mount  Hope,  N.Y 

Mount  Hope,  Wis 

Mount  Horeb,  Tenn.... 

Mount  Ida,  Ala 

Mount  Ida,  Wis 

Mount  Idaho,  Idaho.... 
Mount  Jackson,  Ind.... 

Mount  Joy,  Pa 

Mount  Joy,  Pa 

Mount  .loy.  Pa 

Mount  Kisco,  N.Y 

Mount  Laurel,  N:J 

Mount  Meigs,  Ala 

Mbunt  Morris,  111 

Mount  Morris,  111 

Mount  Morris,  Mich.... 
Mount  Morris,  Mich.... 

Mount  Morris,  N.Y 

Mount  Morris,  N.Y 

Mount  Morris,  Wis 

Mount  Olive,  Ala 

Mount  Olive,  Ala 

Mount  Olive,  111 

Mount  Olive,  N.J 

Mount  Olive,  N.C 

Mount  Olivet,  Ky 

Mount  Olivet,  Ky 

Mount  Orab,  0 

Mount  Pindus,  Mich... 

Mount  Pitt,  Ore 

Mount  Pleasant,  Ala... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Ark... 

Mount  Pleasant,  Ga 

Mount  Pleasant,  111 

Mount  Pleasant,  Ind... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa- 
Mount  Pleasant,  Kan... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Kan... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Ky.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Md.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mich. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Minn. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Miss.. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mouut  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Neb... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Neb.. 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.Y.. 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.C. 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.C... 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.D... 

Mount  Pleasant,  0 

Mount  Pleasant,  0 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  S.C... 
Mount  Pleasant, S.D..., 
Mount  Pleasant,  Tenn. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Tex.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Utah 
Mount  Pleasant,  Wis.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Wis.... 

Mount  Pulaski,  111 

Mount  Pulaski,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vlll 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vlll 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

town.ship 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Sumter 

Hancock 

Chesterfield 

Hancock 

Lake 

Wayne 

Spencer , 

Spencer , 

Wayne 

Wayne 

San  Diego 

Montgomery.... 

Morrow 

Loudonn 

Midland 

Greene 

Pasquotank 

Marshall 

Bullock 

Gaston 

Rutland 

Cumberland 

Lawrence 

Wilcox 

McLean 

Sedgwick 

Orange 

Grant 

Jefferson 

Crenshaw 

Grant 

Idaho 

Marion 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Westchester 

Burlington 

Montgomery  ... 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Waushara 

Butler 

Coosa 

Macoupin 

Morris 

Wayne 

Robertson 

Robertson 

Brown 

Oscoda 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Searcy  

Wayne 

Whiteside 

Delaware 

Henry 

Atchison 

Labette 

Harlan 

Frederick, 

Isabella^ 

Wabasha 

Marshall 


Cass 

Lawrence . 
Scotland... 


Greeley , 

Westchester...., 

Cabarrus 

Cabarrus 

Rolette 

Jefferson - 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Columbia 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Westmoreland. 
Westmoreland. 

Berkeley 

Clark 

Maury..„ 

Titus 

San  Pete 

Green 

Racine 

Logan 

Logan 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,456 


2,269 
1,017 


1,628 
115 

1,471 
294 


2,119 

1,216 

4,494 

223 

3,167 

1,471 

578 

111 


1,390 
1,256 
2.199 


1,490 


1,649 
742 


661 

871 

159 

110 

1,296 

2,554 

2,058 

728 

1,739 

2,893 

1,959 

855 

1,915 

502 

3,931 

1,899 

665 

481 

508 

709 

1,982 


2,411 
317 
242 


996 

278 

618 

3,048 

1,994 

4,410 

1,505 

657 

820 

1,598 

1,115 

642 

136 

3,428 

1,210 

1,040 

1,239 

568 


6,450 

1,234 

314 


1,582 

693 

2,138 

759 

1,677 

1,880 

4,224 

1,197 

783 


452 
2,004 
1, 
2,166 
2,348 
1,126 


2,831 

334 

2,425 

1,355 

174 

278 

2,116 

193 

1,413 

266 

254 

2,322 

1,329 

4,478 

444 

1,663 

1,246 

7.55 

195 

472 

1,214 

1,190 

2,086 

1,611 

6,432 

241 

1,437 

640 

341 

800 

799 

159 

313 

1,392 

2,258 

1,848 

1,095 

1,699 

2,912 

1,875 

895 

1,223 

351 

3,761 

2,286 

668 

380 

754 

1,986 

1,848 

393 

2,066 

327 

336 

107 

136 

830 

364 

374 

3,080 

1,925 

3,997 

1,465 

1,230 

1,491 

1,756 

2,701 

662 

110 

3,821 

1,695 

1,364 

1,276 

686 

160 

6,844 

1,332 

375 

335 

2,327 

644 

2,039 

786 

1,487 

1,640 

7,788 

3,652 

1,138 

232 

466 

963 

2,254 

1,248 

2,192 

2,606 

1,357 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mount  Savage,  Md 

Mount  Scott,  Ore 

Mount  Sidney,  Va 

Mount  Sneffels,  Col 

Mount  Sterling,  111 

Mount  Sterling,  III 

Mount  Sterling,  Ky 

Mount  Sterling,  Ky 

Mount  Sterling,  0 

Mount  Summit,  Ind.... 

Mount  Tabor,  Ore 

Mount  Tabor,  Vt 

Mount  Tirzah,  N.C 

Mount  UUa,  N.C 

Mount  Union,  Pa 

Mount  Valley,  Iowa.... 

Mount  Vernon,  Ala 

Mount  Vernon,  Ark 

Mount  Vernon,  Ark 

Mount  Vernon,  Cal 

Mount  Vernon,  Ga 

Mount  Vernon,  111 

Moumt  Vernon,  111 

Mount  Vernon,  Ind 

Mount  Vernon,  Iowa... 
Mount  Vernon,  Iowa... 
Mount  Vernon,  Iowa... 

Mount  Vernon,  Ky 

Mount  Vernon,  Ky 

Mount  Vernon,  Me 

Mount  Vernon,  Md 

Mount  Vernon,  Minn... 

Mount  Vernon,  Mo 

Mount  Vernon,  Mo 

Mount  Vernon,  N.H.... 
Mount  Vernon,  N.Y.... 

Mount  Vernon,  0 

Mount  Vernon,  S.D 

Mount  Vernon,  S.D 

Mount  Vernon,  Tex 

Mount  Vernon,  Va 

Mount  Vernon,  Wash.. 

Mount  Victory,  O 

Mountville,  Ga 

Mountville,  N.J 

Mount  Washington, Ky 
Mouut  Washington, Ky 
Mount  Washington, 

Mass 

Mount  Willing,  Ala 

Mount  Willing,  Ala 

Mount  Winans,  Md 

Mount  Zion,  Ga 

Mount  Zion,  111 

Mount  Zion,  Ky 

Mount  Zion,  S.C 

Mouth  of  Beaver,  Ky... 
Mouth  of  Caney  Creek, 

Ky 

Mouth  of  Mud,  Ky. 
Mouth  of  Nelson,  Mont 

Moville,  Iowa 

Moville,  Iowa 

Moweaqua,  111 

Moweaqua,  111 

Mower,  Ky , 

Mowry,  Ore 

Moyer,  Minn 

Moyock,  N.C 

Muck,  Wash 

Mud  Creek,  Ala 

Mud  Creek,  Ga 

Mud  Creek,  Qa 

Mud  Creek,  Neb 

Muddy,  Col 

Muddy,  Neb 

Muddy,  Neb 

Muddy,  Neb 

Muddy,  Ore 

Muddy  Bayou,  Ark. 

Muddy  Creek,  Pa 

Muddy  Fork,  Ark..., 
Muddy  Fork,  Ark.... 

Mud  Lick,  Ky 

Mud  Springs,  Cal 

Muhlenberg,  Pa. 

Muhlenburg,  O 

Muir,  Mich 

Mukilteo,  Wash 

Mnkwa,  Wis 

Mukwonago,  Wis.... 
Mukwonago,  Wis.... 

Mulberrj',  Ala 

Mulberry,  Ark 

Mulberry,  Ark 

Mulberry,  Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


district 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

I)08t-Vlll 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

po«t-boro' 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Alleghany , 

Douglas 

Augusta 

Ouray 

Brown. , 

Brown 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Madison 

Henry 

Multnomah 

Rutland 

Person 

Rowan 

Huntingdon-.. 

Winnebago 

Mobile 

Benton 

Faulkner 

San  Bernardino 
Montgomery.... 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Posey 

Black  Hawk.... 

Cerro  Gordo 

Linn 

Christian 

Rock  Castle 

Kennebec 

Somerset 

Winona 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Hillsborough... 

Westchester 

Knox 

Davison 

Davison 

Franklin 

Fairfax 

Skagit 

Hardin 

Troup 

Morris 

Bullitt 

Bullitt 


Berkshire.. 
Lowndes ... 
Lowndes... 
Baltimore.. 
Spalding.... 

Macon 

Grant 

Clarendon.. 
Floyd 


Pike 

Floyd 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Woodbury 

Woodbury 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Lewis 

Crook 

Swift 

Currituck 

Pierce 

Cherokee 

Clinch 

Habersham 

Wheeler 

Montrose 

Dundy 

Frontier 

Richardson 

Baker 

Faulkner. 

Butler 

Howard 

Pike 

Bell 

EI  Dorado 

Berks 

Pickaway.™ 

Ionia 

Snohomish 

Waupaca 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Antauga. 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Johnson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,034 
376 
244 


2,780 

1,446 

3,337 

2,087 

482 

200 

421 

495 

1,377 

1,803 

764 

795 

1,314 

739 

678 


3,625 

2,324 

3,730 

916 

266 

977 

1,673 


1,170 

1,166 

703 

2,999 

527 

617 

4,686 

6,249 


311 
2,565 


674 
1,475 
1,270 
1,459 

387 

205 
1,546 


699 
763 
1,202 
799 
674 
960 

635 
824 


116 


1,123 

673 

1,336 


268 
1,381 


756 
1,060 


728 


826 

790 

634 

394 

472 

1,661 

1,913 

1,139 

714 


1,022 

1,084 

239 


990 


658 
165 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mulberry,  Ind 

Mulberry,  Kan 

Mulberry,  N.C 

Mulberry,  Tenn 

Mulberry  Grove,  111.... 

Muldoon,  Idaho 

Mulford,  Ky 

Mullally,  Neb 

MuUan,  Idaho 

Mullen,  Neb 

Mullentown,  Ky 

Mullica,  N.J 

Mulligan,  Minn 

MuUin,  Ga 

Mullin8,S.C 

MulliuTille,  Kan 

Mulvane,  Kan 

Mumtrahamiite,  Alas.. 
Mumtrekhlagamute, 

Alaska , 

Muncie,  Ind 

Muncy,  Pa , 

Muncy,  Pa 

Muncy  Creek,  Pa 

Mundine,  Ala 

Mundy,  Mich 

Munfordville,  Ky 

Munising,  Mich 

Munro,  Mich 

Munson,  III 

Munson,  Minn 

Munson,  O 

Munster,  Pa 

Murdock,  111 

Murdock,  Kan 

Murdock,  Minn 

Murfreesborough,  Ark. 
Murfreesborough,  N.C. 
Murfreesborough,  N.C. 
Mu  rfreesborou  gh,Tenn 

Murphy,  Cal 

Murphy,  Ga 

Murphy,  N.C 

Murphy,  N.C 

Murphy,  W.  Va 

Murphy  Creek,  Ore 

Murphy's,  Cal 

Murphysborough,  111... 
Murphysborough,  111... 

Murphysville,  Ky 

Murray,  Cal 

Murray,  Idaho 

Murray,  Iowa 

Murray,  Kan 

Murray,  Ky 

Murray,  Ky 

Murray,  Ky 

Murray,  Minn 

Murray,  N.Y 

Murrayville,  111 

Murrietta,  Cal 

Muscadine,  Ala 

Muscadine,  Ala 

Muscatine,  Iowa 

Muscatine,  Iowa 

Muscle  Fork,  Mo 

Muscoda,  Wis 

Muscoda,  Wis 

Muscotah,  Kan 

Mutse,  Ky 

Muskego,  Wis 

Muskegon,  Mich 

Muskegon,  Mich 

Muskingum,  0 

Muskingum,  0 

Mussel  Slough,  Cal 

Mussey,  Mich 

Mutual,  0 

Myatt,  Ark 

Myatt,  Mo 

Myer,  Mich 

Myers,  Ky 

Myers,  Md 

Myers,  Mo 

Myerstown,  Pa 

Mylander,  Neb 

Myler,  Ind 

Myrtle,  Mo 

Myrtle,  Neb 

Myrtle,  Neb 

Myrtle  Creek,  Ore 

Myrtle  Point,  Ore 

Myrtle  Point,  Ore 

Mystic,  Iowa 

Naausay,  111 

Nachusa,  111 

166 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

village 

hamlet 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

I)OBt-prect 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-disb 

district 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Clinton...., 

Clay , 

Wilkes...., 
Lincoln.... 

Bond 

Alturas 

Union 

Harlan 

Shoshone.. 

Hooker 

Wayne 

Atlantic... 

Brown 

Cherokee.. 

Marion 

Kiowa 

Sumner.... 


Delaware 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Saint  Clair... 

Genesee 

Hart 

Alger 

Cheboygan.... 

Henry , 

Stearns 

Geauga 

Cambria 

Douglas 

Butler 

Swift 

Pike 

Hertford 

Hertford , 

Rutherford..., 

Calaveras 

Thomas 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Ritchie 

Josephine 

Calaveras 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Mason 

Alameda. 

Shoshone 

Clarke 

Marshall 

Calloway 

Calloway 

Daviess 

Murray 

Orleans 

Morgan 

San  Diego 

Cleburne 

Cleburne 

Muscatine 

Muscatine 

Chariton 

Grant 

Grant 

Atchison 

Fleming 

Waukesha 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Muskingum... 
Washington... 

Tulare 

Saint  Clair.... 
Champaign.... 

Fulton 

Howell 

Menominee..., 
Muhlenburg.. 

Carroll 

Grundy 

Lebanon 

Lincoln , 

Saint  Joseph. 

Knox 

Custer 

Lincoln 

Douglas 

Coos 

Coos 

Appanoose  ... 

Kendall 

Lee 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


229 

911 

1,457 

148 


376 


1,663 
717 
343 
805 


5,219 

809 

1,174 

1,709 


1,546 
4,226 
270 
140 
1,039 
810 
774 
546 


406 


84 

2,152 

645 

3,800 


466 
2,233 

170 
2,483 


384 
4,197 
2,196 
1,007 
4,361 


491 
1,178 
3,914 

636 
2,041 

288 
2,812 

385 


712 


8,295 

1,061 

1,226 

740 

412 

788 

1,422 

924 

11,262 

1,018 

1,350 

1,776 

1,746 

189 

646 

446 


1,463 

1,959 

750 

1,580 


568 

404 

52 


831 
1,148 


629 

1,227 

1,398 

206 

2,008 

64 

213 

356 

818 

295 

1,814 

697 

393 

876 

242 

79 

724 

162 

33 

11,346 

701 

1,295 

1,740 

699 

1,390 

4,321 

288 

254 

844 

973 

713 

400 

1,035 

622 

130 

159 

2,417 

674 

3,7.39 

1,532 

862 

2,889 

803 

3,495 

279 

570 

6,838 

3,880 

859 

5,937 

450 

666 

1,615 

4,694 

518 

2,067 

544 

2,465 

422 

464 

1,210 

100 

11,454 

11,454 

1,156 

1,160 

605 

524 

1,126 

1,390 

1,498 

22,702 

817 

1,192 

6,525 

1,683 

174 

660 

882 

1,252 

1,423 

2,164 

686 

1,880 

95 

174 

1,138 

741 

186 

652 

968 

354 

875 

736 

913 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Nachusa,  111 

Nacimiento,  N.M.... 
Nacogdoches,  Tex... 

Nacoochee,  Ga 

Nadeau,  Mich 

Nag's  Head,  N.C 

Nahant,  Mass 

Nahma,  Mich 

Nahunta,  N.C 

Nameoki,  111 

Namozine,  Va 

Nampa,  Idaho 

Nampa,  Idaho 

Nanafalia,  Ala 

Nance,  Ga 

Nance,  S.D 

Nanjemoy,  Md 

Nankin,  Ga 

Nankin,  Mich 

Nantahala,  N.C 

Nantahala,  N.C 

Nantan,  Cal 

Nanticoke,  Del 

Nanticoke,  N.Y 

Nanticoke,  Pa 

Nantucket,  Mass.... 

Naomi,  Col 

Napa,  Cal 

Napa,  Cal 

Napaimute,  Alaska. 

Napavine,  Wash 

Naperville,  111 

Naperville,  HI 

Napier,  Pa 

Naples,  Fla 

Naples,  111 

Naples,  Me 

Naples,  N.Y 

Naples,  N.Y 

Naples,  Wis 

Napoleon,  Ky 

Napoleon,  Mich 

Napoleon,  Mich 

Napoleon,  Mo 

Napoleon,  O 

Napoleon,  0 

Napoleonville,  Ala. 
Napoleonville,  La... 

Napoli,  N.Y 

Nappanee,  Ind 

Naramore,  Ga 

Narcoossee,  Fla 

Naron,  Kan 

Narrows,  Mo 

Nasewaupee,  Wis.... 

Nash,  N.D 

Nashua,  III 

Nashua,  Iowa 

Nashua,  N.H 

Nashville,  Ala 

Nashville,  Ark 

Nashville,  Ark 

Nashville,  Ga 

Nashville,  Ga 

Nashville,  III 

Nashville,  111 

Nashville,  Ind 

Nashville,  Mich 

Nashville,  Minn 

Nashville,  Mo 

Nashville,  N.C 

Nashville,  N.C 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Nassau,  Iowa 

Nassau,  N.Y 

Nassau,  N.Y 

Natchez,  Miss 

Natchitoches,  La 

Natick,  Mass 

Natick,  Neb 

National,  Ark 

National  City,  Cal... 
National  City,  Cal... 

Natoma,  Cal 

Natoma,  Kan 

Natural  Bridge,  Va. 

Naturita,  Col 

Naubinway,  Mich... 
Naugatuck,  Conn.... 

Nauvoo,  III 

Nauvoo,  111 

Navarino,  Wis 

Navarre,  0 

Navarro,  Cal 

Navasota,  Tex 

Naylor,  Ga 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

district 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

hundred 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Lee 

Bernalillo.... 
Nacogdoches, 

White 

Menominee.. 

Dare , 

Essex 

Delta , 

Wayne 

Madison 

Dinwiddle .... 

Ada 

Ada 

Marengo 

Muscogee 

Beadle 

Charles 

Brooks 

Wayne 

Macon 

Swain 

San  Bernardino 

Sussex 

Broome 

Luzerne 

Nantucket... 

Summit 

Napa 

Napa 


Lewis 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Bedford 

Lee 

Scott 

Cumberland 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Buffalo 

Gallatin 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Lafayette 

Henry 

Henry 

Mobile 

Assumption 

Cattaraugus 

Elkhart 

Hall 

Osceola 

Pratt 

Macon 

Door 

Nelson 

Ogle 

Chickasaw 

Hillsborough.... 

Jackson 

Howard 

Howard.... 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Washington 

Washington 

Brown 

Barry 

Martin 

Barton 

Nash 

Nash 

Davidson 

Sioux 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

Adams 

Natchitoches  ... 

Middlesex 

Thomas 

Logan 

San  Diego 

San  Diego 

Sacramento 

Osborne 

Rockbridge 

Montrose 

Mackinac 

New  Haven 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Shawano 

Stark 

Mendocino 

Grimes 

Lowndes 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


165 


333 
1,142 


1,104 
808 
388 
2,769 
1,466 
3,925 


877 
3,684 


2,142 
1,400 
3,231 
855 
1,003 


2,248 

999 

3,884 

3,727 


7,143 
3,731 


2,511 

2,073 
2.011 


442 
1,007 
2,629 
1,360 
1,330 
1,118 
1,177 

379 


4,504 
3,032 
969 
497 
1,126 
547 
581 


155 

1,111 

762 


432 

1,116 

13,397 


1,243 

172 

1,216 


2,222 

348 

978 

466 

466 

1,648 

212 

43,360 

696 

2,629 

449 

7,058 

2,785 

8,479 


248 
606 


4,001 


4,274 
1,402 


189 
867 


1,611 
1,688 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Nazareth,  Pa 

Neal,  Kan 

Neatliery,  Ky 

Neatsville,  Ky 

Neave,  O 

Nebagamaln,  Wis 

Nebo,  111 

Nebo,  ky 

Nebo,  Ky 

Nebraska,  111 

Nebraska,  Iowa 

Nebraska  City,  Neb 

Nebraska  City,  Neb 

Necedah,  Wis 

Necedah,  Wis 

Neche,  N.D 

Neche,  N.D 

Neck,  Md 

Nectar,  Ala 

Nederland,  Col 

Needham,  Ind 

Needham,  Mass 

Needles,  Cal 

Needy,  &c..  Ore 

Neely,  Mo 

Neenah,  Wis 

Neenab,  Wis 

Negaunee,  Mich 

Negaunee,  Mich 

Negreet,  La 

Negrita,  N.M 

Negro  Hill,  Ark 

Nehalem,  Ore 

Nehalem,  Ore 

Neill  Creek,  N.C 

Neillsville,  Wis 

Nekimi,  Wis 

Neligh,  Neb 

Neligh,  Neb 

Neligh,  Neb 

Nelliston,  N.Y 

Nelson,  Ark 

Nelson,  Cal 

Nelson,  Ga 

Nelson,  III 

Nelson,  111 

Nelson,  Kan 

Nelson,  Mich 

Nelson,  Minn 

Nelson,  Mo 

Nelson,  Neb 

Nelson,  Neb 

Nelson,  N.H 

Nelson,  N.Y 

Nelson,  O 

Nelson,  Pa 

Nelson,  Va 

Nelson,  Wis 

Nelson  Park,  Minn 

Nelsonville,  Ky 

Nelsonville,  0 

Nemaha,  Kan 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Neodesha,  Kan 

Neodesha,  Kan 

Neoga,  111 

Neoga,  111 

Neola,  Iowa 

Neola,  Iowa 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Mo 

Neosho,  Mo 

Neosho  Falls,  Kan 

Neosho  Falls,  Kan 

Neosho  Rapids,  Kan.... 
Nepaskeagamute,  Alas. 

Nepeuskun,  Wis 

Nephi,  Utah 

Nephi,  Utah 

Neponset,  111 

Neponset,  111 

Nepton,  Ky 

Neptune,  N.J 

Nesbit,  Minn 

Nesbitt,  Miss 

Nesbitt,  Tex 

Nescatunga,  Kan 

Nescatunga,  Kan 

Nescupeck,  Pa. 


Rank  of 
place. 


poet-boro' 

post-Till 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

district 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-ward 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 


post 
post- 


t-vill 
vill 


hamlet 


■nship 


post- 
post-.. 
townsh 


precinct 

city 

township 


•vill 
■town 
ip 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Northampton... 

Greenwood 

Clinton 

Adair 

Darke 

Douglas 

Pike  

Hopkins 

Hopkins 

Livingston....... 


Otoe „.. 

Otop 

Juneau 

Juneau 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Dorchester 

Blount 

Boulder 

Johnson 

Norfolk 

San  Bernardino 

Clackamas 

Butler 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Sabine 

Socorro 

White 

Columbia 

Tillamook 

Harnett 

Clark 

Winnebago 

Antelope 

Antelope 

Cuming 

Montgomery.... 

Clay 

Butte 

Pickens 

Lee 

Lee 

Cloud 

Kent 

Watonwan 

Saline 

Nuckolls 

Nuckolls 

Cheshire 

Madison 

Portage 

Tioga 

York 

BufTalo... 

Marshall 

Nelson 

Athens 

Nemaha 

Gage 

Johnson 

Lancaster 

Nemaha 

Richardson 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Pottawattamie 
Pottawattamie 

Cherokee 

Coffey 

Labette 

Morris 

Newton 

Newton 

Woodson 

Woodson 

Lyon 


Winnebago., 

Juab 

Juab 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Fleming 

Monmouth... 

Polk 

De  Soto 

Robertson... 
Comanche..., 
Comanche..., 
Luzerne 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


984 


1,138 
1,287 
1,082 


136 
2,095 

174 
1,251 

670 
4,818 
4,183 
1,855 
1,475 


1,336 


5,252 


642 
688 

4,202 
335 

3,931 


119 
362 

108 

776 

1,050 

1,226 


326 


579 

82 

722 

2,598 

462 


196 

438 

1,649 

890 

604 

1,820 

1,651 


3,095 
566 
413 

2,177 

1,024 
908 
566 

1,792 
924 

2,463 


286 

1,246 

644 

728 

723 

3,337 

1,631 

1,193 

662 

80 


1,050 
1,797 
1,797 
1,467 
662 


4,187 


117 


1,205 


1,318 

144 

1,123 

1,427 

1,036 

554 

453 

2,402 

183 

1,481 

629 

11,941 

11,494 

2,242 

1,708 

761 

314 

1,267 

3.50 

111 

1,254 

3,035 

748 

1,583 

821 

538 

5,083 

333 

6,078 

1,366 

82 

116 

472 

136 

849 

1,936 

1,028 

1,585 

1,209 

697 

721 

389 

232 

266 

454 

48 

774 

2,147 

733 

383 

1,506 

913 

332 

1,350 

798 

540 

1,550 

1,919 

242 

600 

4,558 

659 

615 

2,297 

1,352 

968 

699 

2,365 

1,528 

2,710 

829 

1,667 

917 

1,159 

768 

621 

698 

4,28:J 

2,198 

1,408 

606 

308 

97 

908 

2,114 

2,034 

1,209 

642 

212 

8,383 

248 

152 

218 

163 

46 

1,466 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Nescopeck,  Pa 

Neshannock,  Pa 

Neshkoro,  Wis 

Nesquehoning,  Pa 

Nessel,  Minn 

Nester,  Mich 

Nestucca,  Ore 

Netarts,  Ore 

Netawaka,  Kan 

Netawaka,  Kan , 

Nether  Providence,  Pa, 

Nettle  Creek,  111 

Nettle  Creek,  Ind..  

Nettle  Creek,  N.D 

Neuchatel,  Kan 

Neuse,  N.C 

Neuse,  N.C 

Neva,  Wis 

Nevada,  Cal 

Nevada,  III 

Nevada,  Iowa 

Nevada,  Iowa 

Nevada,  Iowa 

Nevada,  Kan 

Nevada,  Ky 

Nevada,  Minn 

Nevada,  Mo 

Nevada,  O 

Nevada,  Tex 

Nevada  City,  Cal 

Nevadaville,  Col 

Neversink,  N.Y 

Neville,  0 

Neville,  Pa 

Nevins,  111 

Nevins,  Ind 

New  Abington,  Pa 

New  Albany,  Ind 

New  Albany,  Ind 

New  Albany,  Iowa 

New  Albany,  Miss 

New  Albany,  0 

New  Albany,  Pa 

New  Albin,  Iowa 

New  Albion,  N.Y 

New  Alexandria,  0 

New  Alexandria,  Pa.... 
New  Amsterdam,  Ind.. 

Newark,  Del 

Newark,  111 

Newark,  Iowa 

Newark,  Kan 

Newark,  Md 

Newark,  Mich 

Newark,  Mo 

Newark,  Neb 

Newark,  N.J 

Newark,  N.Y 

Newark,  0 

Newark,  0 

Newark,  S.D 

Newark,  Vt 

Newark,  W.  Va 

Newark,  Wis 

Newark  Valley,  N.Y.... 
Newark  Valley,  N.Y.... 

New  Ashford,  Mass 

New  Athens,  111 

New  Athens,  111 

New  Athens,  0 

New  Auburn,  Minn 

New  Augustiue,  Fla 

Newaygo,  Mich 

New  Baltimore,  Mich.. 
New  Baltimore,  N.Y.... 
New  Baltimore,  N.Y.... 

New  Baltimore,  Pa 

New  Barbadoes,  N.J.. .. 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

Newberg,  Ore 

New  Berlin,  Fla 

New  Berlin,  111 , 

New  Berlin,  111 

New  Berlin,  N.Y 

New  Berlin,  N.Y 

New  Berlin,  0. 

New  Berlin,  Pa 

New  Berlin,  Wis 

Newbern,  Ala 

Newbern,  Kan 

Newborn,  N.C 

Newbern,  Tenn 

Newbern,  Va 

Newberry,  Ala 

Newberry,  Cal 

Newberry,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-Till 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

district 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro 

township 

city 

poet-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

poBt-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Luzerne 

Lawrence 

Marquette 

Carbon... 

Chisago 

Roscommon 

Tillamook 

Tillamook 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Delaware 

Grundy 

Randolph 

McLean 

Nemaha 

Lenoir 

Wake 

Langlade 

Nevada 

Livingston 

Palo  Alto 

Story 

Story 

Ness 

Mercer 

Mower 

Vernon 

Wyandot 

Collin 

NeTada 

Gilpin 

Sullivan 

Clermont 

Alleghany 

Edgar 

Vigo 

Lackawanna.... 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Story 

Union 

Franklin 

Bradford 

Allamakee 

Cattaraugus 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland.. 

Harrison 

New  Castle.. 

Kendall 

Webster 

Wilson 

Worcester.... 

Gratiot 

Knox 

Kearney 

Kssex 

Wayne 

Licking 

Licking 

Marshall 

Caledonia.... 

Wirt 

Rock 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Berkshire.... 
Saint  Clair... 
Saint  Clair... 

Harrison 

Sibley 

Saint  John's. 

Newaygo 

Macon 

Greene 

Greene 

Somerset 

Bergen 

Bristol 

Yam  Hill .... 

Duval 

Sangamon.... 
Sangamon... 
Chenango.... 
Chenango.... 

Stark 

Union 

Waukesha... 

Hale 

Dickinson.... 

Craven 

Dyer 

Pulaski 

Covington.... 
San  Bernardino 
Wabaunsee.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


360 
1,364 
589 
957 
867 
234 
77 


768 


1,726 

902 

1,468 


624 


1,409 


5,606 

1,127 

170 

2,357 

1,641 

184 

131 

877 

1,913 

1,036 


4,022 

1,084 

2,152 

445 

306 

31 

1,579 

1,071 

18,982 

16,423 

1,042 

250 

213 

222 

423 

1,732 

175 

336 

18C 

1,148 

442 

253 

824 

1,262 

1,645 

304 

384 

136,608 

2,450 

10,613 

9,600 


679 

681 

1,130 

2,577 


203 


603 
378 
670 


1,097 
1,024 
2,620 


160 

4,248 

26,845 


962 
403 

2,672 
937 
297 
605 

1,620 

2,694 
640 

6,443 
606 

2,463 


91 G 
167 


1,171 
661 

1,666 

1,066 
169 
224 
163 
846 
241 

1,817 
824 

1,641 

68 

631 

822 

1,372 
602 

4,013 
833 
276 

2,237 

1,662 
600 
101 
857 

7,262 
802 
247 

2,524 
933 

2,013 

340 

353 

24 

3,050 

1,090 
24,156 
21,059 
965 
648 
223 
287 
411 

1,858 
122 
338 
172 

1,191 
390 
682 
786 

1,093 

1,338 

303 

261 

181,830 

2,824 

15,286 

14,270 

872 

636 

640 

1,OT9 

2,339 
875 
125 

1,400 
624 
420 
980 
663 

1,330 
866 

2,456 
734 
186 

6,004 

40,733 

514 

550 

1,081 
494 

2,427 
979 
463 
617 

1,519 

2,509 
728 

7,848 

1,236 

1,932 

366 

87 

1,296 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kewberry,  Mich 

Newberry,  0 

Newberry,  Pa 

Newberry,  S.C 

Newberry  C.-H.,S.C.. .. 

New  Bethel,  N.C 

New  Bethlehem,  Pa 

New  Birmingham,  Tex. 

Newborn,  Ga 

New  Boston,  111 

New  Boston,  111 

New  Boston,  Mich 

New  Boston,  N.H 

New  Boston,  Pa 

New  Boston,  Tex 

New  Braintree,  Mass... 

New  Braunfels,  Tex 

New  Bremen,  If.Y 

New  Bremen,  0 

New  Brighton,  111 

New  Brighton,  Minn... 

New  Brighton,  Pa 

New  Britain,  Conn 

New  Britain,  Pa 

New  Brunswick,  N.J.... 

New  Buda,  Iowa 

New  Buffalo,  Mich 

New  Buffalo,  Mich 

New  Buffalo,  Pa 

Newburg,  Ala 

Newburg,  Ark 

Newburg,  111 

Newburg,  Ind 

Newburg,  Iowa 

Newburg,  Me 

Newburg,  Mich 

Newburg,  Minn 

Newburg,  Mo 

Newburg,  N.Y 

Newburg,  N.Y 

Newburg,  N.D 

Newburg,  0 

Newburg,  Pa 

Newburg,  Pa 

Newburg,  W.  Va 

New  Burnside,  III 

Newbury,  Ind 

Newbury,  Mass 

Newbury,  N.H 

Newbury,  O 

Newbury,  Vt 

Newburyport,  Mass 

New  Cambria,  Mo 

New  Canaan,  Conn 

New  Canada,  Minn 

New  Canton,  111 

New  Carlisle,  0 

New  Carrollton,  La 

Newcastle,  Cal 

New  Castle,  Col 

New  Castle,  Col 

New  Castle,  Del 

New  Castle,  Del 

New  Castle,  Ind 

New  Castle,  Ind 

New  Castle,  Ind 

New  Castle,  Ky 

New  Castle,  Ky 

New  Castle,  Me 

New  Castle,  Neb 

Newcastle,  N.H 

New  Castle,  N.Y 

New  Castle,  N.C 

Newcastle,  0 

New  Castle,  Pa 

New  Castle,  Pa 

New  Castle,  Va 

New  Castle,  Va 

New  Castle,  Wyo 

New  CentreTille,  Pa 

New  Chester,  Wis 

New  Columbus,  Ky 

New  Columbus,  Ky 

New  Columbus,  Pa 

Newcomb,  111 

Newcomb,  Ky 

Newcomb,  N.Y 

Newcomb,  Tenn 

Newcombe,  Ky 

New  Comerston,  0 

New  Concord,  Ky 

New  Concord,  0 

New  Creek,  W.  Va 

New  Cumberland,  Pa... 
New  Cumberland,'W.Va 
New  Decatur,  Ala.... 

168 


Bank  of 

place. 


poBt-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

hundred 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

borough 


post 
mag, 
post- 
post 


•twp 
;.-di8t 
•vill 
■boro' 


township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 


County. 


Luce 

Miami 

York 

Newberry 

Newberry 

Rockingham  . 

Clarion 

Cherokee 

Newton 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Hillsborough., 

Schuylkill 

Bowie 

Worcester 

Comal 

Lewis 

Auglaize 

Saint  Clair 

Bamsey 

Beaver 

Hartford 

Bucks 

Middlesex 

Decatur 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Perry 

Franklin 

Izard 

Pike 

Warrick 

Mitchell 

Penobscot 


Fillmore 

Phelps 

Orange 

Orange 

Steele 

Cuyahoga 

Clearfield 

Cumberland.. . 

Preston 

Johnson 

La  Grange 

Essex 

Merrimack.... 

Geauga 

Orange 

Essex 

Macon 

Fairfield 

Ramsey 

Pike 

Clark 

Jefferson 

Placer 

Garfield 

Garfield 

New  Castle.... 
New  Castle.... 

Fulton 

Henry 

Saint  Joseph. , 

Henry 

Henry 

Lincoln 

Dixon 

Rockingham  , 
Westchester.. . 

Wilkes 

Coshocton 

Lawrence 

Schuylkill 

Craig 

Craig 

Weston 

Somerset 

Adams 

Owen 

Owen 

Luzerne 

Champaign.... 

Laurel , 

Essex 

Campbell 

Elliott , 

Tuscarawas.... 

Calloway , 

Muskingum... 

Mineral 

Cumberland... 

Hancock , 

Morgan 


.Population. 


1880.      1890, 


4,615 
2,224 
4,482 
2,342 
1,795 
773 


1,526 
633 
284 

1,144 
138 


610 
1,938 
2,414 
1,169 


3,653 

13,979 

1,844 

17,166 

664 

1,191 

523 

222 


918 
1,243 
1,282 

880 
1,057 
1,549 
1,094 


3,918 
18.049 


1,613 
184 
433 
802 
650 

1,392 

1,566 
690 
889 

2,316 

13,638 

275 

2,673 
994 
424 
818 


162 


5,268 
3,700 
1,421 
2,299 

630 
3,478 

500 
1,534 


610 
2,297 
1,039 

885 
8,418 
1,512 
1,536 

182 


140 
304 
960 
84 
267 
992 
450 
237 


549 

926 
2,161 

514 
2,786 

569 
1,218 


1,115 

4,915 

2,238 

4,865 

3,020 

2,061 

1,026 

668 

230 

1,285 

446 

218 

1,067 

636 

382 

673 

1,608 

1,974 

1,239 

868 

365 

6,616 

19,007 

1,704 

18,603 

680 

1,192 

653 

220 

1,227 

1,054 

1,060 

1,046 

767 

867 

1,426 

882 

568 

4,543 

23,087 

541 

2,761 

354 

376 

778 

596 

1,608 

1,427 

487 

824 

2,080 

13,947 

410 

2,701 

1,276 

424 

958 

201 

335 

650 

311 

5,980 

4,010 

1,346 

2,697 

607 

3,355 

485 

1,282 

306 

488 

2,110 

1,125 

892 

11,600 

1,317 

1,601 

214 

1,715 

104 

344 

1,046 

146 

214 

959 

863 

283 

264 

853 

1,251 

2,331 

719 

3,337 

754 

2,305 

3,565 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


New  Denmark,  Wis 

New  Design,  111 

New  Diggings,  Wis 

New  Douglas,  111 

New  Douglas,  111 

New  Durham,  Ind 

New  Durham,  N.H 

New    Dyer      Church, 

Tenn 

Newell,  111 

Newell,  Iowa 

New_England  City,  Ga, 

New  Era,  Neb 

New  Era,  Ore 

New  Fairfield,  Conn.... 

Newfane,  N.Y 

Newfane,  Vt 

Newfteld,  Me 

Newfield,  Mich 

Newfield,  N.Y 

New  Florence,  Mo 

New  Florence,  Pa 

New  Folden,  Minn 

Newfoundland,  Ky 

Newfoundland,  Ky 

New  Franklin,  0 

New  Freedom,  Pa 

New  Galilee,  Pa. 

New  Garden,  Ind 

New  Garden,  Pa 

New  Garden,  Va 

New  Glarus,  Wis 

New  Glarus,  Wis 

New  Gloucester,  Me 

New  Gottland,  Kan 

New  Hampton,  Iowa... 
New  Hampton,  Iowa... 

New  Hampton,  Mo 

New  Hampton,  N.H 

New  Hanover,  111 

New  Hanover,  N.J 

New  Hanover,  Pa 

New  Harmony,  Ala.... 

New  Harmony,  Ind 

New  Harmony,  Utah... 
New  Hartford,  Conn..., 
New  Hartford,  Minn.... 

New  Hartford,  N.Y 

New  Hartford,  N.Y 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Haven,  111 

New  Haven,  111 

New  Haven,  Ind 

New  Haven,  Ky 

New  Haven,  Ky 

New  Haven,  Mich 

New  Haven,  Mich 

New  Haven,  Mich 

New  Haven,  Minn 

New  Haven,  Minn 

New  Haven,  Mo 

New  Haven,  Mo 

New  Haven,  N.Y 

New  Haven,  0 

New  Haven,  Pa 

New  Haven,  Vt 

New  Haven,  W.  Va 

New  Haven,  Wis 

New  Haven,  Wis 

New  Holland,  0 

New  Holland,  0 

New  Holland,  Pa. 

New  Holstein,  Wis 

New  Holstein,  Wis 

New  Home,  Mo 

New^  Hope,  Ala 

New  Hope,  Ark 

New  Hope,  Ark 

New  Hope,  Fla 

New  Hope,  Fla 

New  Hope,  Iowa 

New  Hope,  Ky 

New  Hope,  Ky 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  Pa 

New  Hope,  S.C 

New  Hope,  S.D 

New  Hope,  Tex 

New  Hope,  Wis 

New  Hudson,  N.Y 

New  Iberia,  La , 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

civil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 


County. 


Brown 

Monroe 

Lafayette., 
Madison... 
Madison... 
La  Porte... 
Strafford  .. 


Crockett 

Vermilion 

Buena  Vista 

Dade 

Furnas 

Clackamas 

Fairfield 

Niagara 

Windham 

York 

Oceana 

Tompkins 

Montgomery... 
Westmoreland. 

Marshall 

Elliott 

Elliott 

Stark 

York 

Beaver 

Wayne 

Chester 

Russell 

Green 

Green 

Cumberland 

McPherson 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Harrison 

Belknap 

Monroe 

Burlington 

Montgomery... 

Chambers 

Posey 

Washington.... 

Litchfield 

Winona 

Oneida 

Oneida 

New  Haven 

New  Haven,... 

Gallatin 

Gallatin 

Allen 

Nelson. 

Nelson 

Gratiot 

Macomb 

Shiawassee 

Olmsted 

Redwood 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Oswego 

Huron 

Fayette 

Addison 

Mason 

Adams 

Dunn 

Fayette 

Pickaway 

Lancaster 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Bates 

Elmore 

Izard 

Newton 

Citrus 

Hillsborough.., 

Union 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Chatham 

Iredell 

Perquimans 

Randolph 

Wayne 

Bucks 

Orangeburg 

Brown 

Jack 

Portage 

Alleghany 

Iberia 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,386 

1,543 

1,641 

967 

400 

2,011 

772 

1,149 

1,977 
760 


320 


791 

3,462 

1,031 

995 

495 

2,608 

373 

631 


1,079 


170 
324 
259 
1,443 
1,942 
3,407 
1,060 


1,382 

634 

1,861 

1,105 


1,069 

668 

2,373 

1,905 

1,542 

1,095 

150 

3,302 

1,004 

4,394 

710 

62,882 

62,882 

1,336 


858 

2,632 

437 

1,182 

600 

1,638 

1,011 

140 

471 

471 

1,713 

1,807 

442 

1,356 

638 

836 

269 

478 

478 

1,006 

2.059 


1,473 
272 
874 


528 


204 
2,265 

934 
2,221 
1,068 
2,082 
1,152 
1,267 


1,272 

801 

1,034 

2,709 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Newington,  Conn 

Newington,  N.H 

New  Interest,  W.  Va... 

New  Ipswich,  N.H 

New  .Jasper,  0 

Newland,  N.C 

New  LelMtnon,  N.T 

New  Lebanon,  O 

New  Lebanon,  Pa 

New  Lenox,  111 

New  Lewisville,  Ark... 
New  Lexington,  Ala... 

New  Lexington,  0 

New  Lexington,  O 

New  Liberty,  Ky 

New  Light,  N.C 

New  Limerick,  Me 

Newlin,  N.C 

Newlin,  Pa 

New  Lisbon,  Ind 

New  Lisbon,  Mo 

New  Lisbon,  N.Y 

New  Lisbon,  0 

New  Lisbon,  Wis 

New  London.  Conn 

New  London,  Iowa 

New  London,  Iowa 

New  London,  Minn 

New  London,  Minn 

New  London,  Mo 

New  London,  N.H 

New  London,  0 

New  London,  0 

New  London,  Pa 

New  London,  Wis 

New  Lyme,  0 

New  Lyme,  Wis 

New  Madison,  0 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

Newman,  Cal 

Newman,  III 

Newman,  111 

Newman,  Neb 

Newman,  Neb 

Newman  Grove,  Neb.... 

Newraanstown,  Pa 

New  filarket,  Ala 

New  Market,  Iowa 

New  Market,  Ky 

New  Market,  Md 

New  Market,  Md 

New  Market,  Minn 

New  Market,  N.H 

New  Market,  N.C 

New  Market,  O 

New  Market,  Va 

New  Marlborough, 

Mass 

New  Martinsville, W.Va 

New  Matamoras,  O 

New  Maysville,  Ind 

New  Mexico,  Ga 

Now  Middletown,  Ind.. 

New  Milford,  Conn 

New  Milford,  111 

New  Milford,  Pa 

New  Milford,  Pa 

New  Milton,  W.  Va 

New  Minden,  111 

New  Munster,  Wis 

Newnan,  Ga 

New  Oregon,  Iowa 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  Oxford,  Pa 

New  Palestine,  Ind 

Now  Paltz,  N.Y 

New  Paltz,  N.Y 

New  Paris,  0 

New  Paris,  Pa 

New  Petersburg,  O 

New  Philadelphia,  111.. 
New  Philadelphia,  0.... 
New  Philadelphia,  Pa.. 
New  Pine  Creek,  Ore... 

Newport,  Ark 

Newport,  Del 

Newport,  111 

Newport,  Ind 

Newport,  Iowa 

Newport,  Ky 

Newport,  Me 

Newport,  Minn 

Newport,  Minn 

Newport,  Miss 

Newport,  Miss 

12 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

village 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

borough 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

towuship 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 


County. 


Hartford 

Rockingham.... 

Randolph 

Hillsborough.... 

Greene 

Pasquotank 

Columbia 

Montgomery.... 

Mercer 

Will 

Lafayette 

Tuscaloosa 

Highland 

Perry 

Owen 

Wake 

Aroostook 

Alamance 

Chester 

Henry 

Stoddard 

Otsego 

Columbiana 

Juneau 

New  London.... 

Henry 

Henry 

Kandiyohi 

Kandiyohi 

Ralls 

Merrimack 

Huron 

Huron 

Chester 

Waupaca 

Ashtabula 

Monroe 

Darke 

New  Madrid.... 
New  Madrid.... 

Stanislaus 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Nance 

Saunders 

Madison 

Lebanon 

Madison 

Taylor 

Marion 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Scott 

Rockingham.... 

Randolph 

Highland 

Shenandoah 


Berkshire.... 

Wetzel 

Washington. 

Putnam 

Carroll 

Harrison 

Litchfield.... 
Winnebago.. 
Susquehanna.... 
Susquehanna.... 

Doddridge 

Washington 

Kenosha 

Coweta 

Howard 

Orleans 

Adams 

Hancock 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Preble 

Bedford 

Highland 

McDonough 

Tuscarawas 

Schuylkill 

Lake 

Jackson 

New  Castle 

Lake 

Vermilion 

Johnson 

Campbell 

Penobscot 

Washington 

Washington 

Attala 

Attala. 


Population. 


1880.   1890, 


934 

433 

764 

1,222 

1,013 

1,518 

2,245 

76 

279 

1,244 


576 

139 

1,357 

1,947 

1,295 

590 

1,167 

779 

187 

1,850 

1,569 

2,028 

1,024 

10,537 

1,735 

658 

302 

55 

502 

875 

1,764 

1,011 

891 

1,808 

893 

140 

544 

3,702 

712 


2,140 
906 


662 
"511 


1,775 

3,097 

402 

955 

2,368 

1,222 

1,080 

662 

1,876 
778 
631 
114 
660 
171 

3,907 
920 

1,465 
803 

2,934 

145 

87 

2,006 

1,199 

216,090 

601 

391 

1,958 
493 
835 
176 
227 
167 

3,070 
360 


683 
535 

1,231 

591 

836 

20,433 

1,451 
342 


6,724 
107 


953 

401 

1,122 

969 

918 

1,467 

1,766 

149 

263 

1,164 

500 

768 

210 

1,470 

1,469 

1,979 

567 

1,123 

680 

183 

2,054 

1,323 

2,278 

990 

13,757 

1,406 

580 

308 

211 

683 

799 

1,731 

1,096 

789 

2,050 

952 

512 

478 

4,569 

1,193 

621 

2,026 

990 

365 

668 

330 

612 

1,887 

320 

1,807 

2,854 

423 

1,009 

2,742 

1,347 

1,029 

697 

1,305 
692 
590 
102 
503 
212 

3,917 
866 

1,244 
763 

1,692 

217 

96 

2,859 

1,195 

242,039 

685 

404 

2,242 
935 
842 
196 
232 
181 

4,456 

562 

69 

1,571 
711 

1,164 

551 

638 

24,918 

1,188 

1,691 

1,691 

6,172 
62 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Newport,  Mo 

Newport,  Neb 

Newport,  N.H 

Newport,  N.Y 

Newport,  N.Y 

Newport,  N.C 

Newport,  N.C 

Newport,  0 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Pa 

Newport,  Pa 

Newport,  R.I 

Newport,  &c.,  S.D 

Newport,  Tenn 

Newport,  Tex 

Newport,  Vt 

Newport,  Vt 

Newport,  Va 

Newport,  Va 

Newport,  Va 

Newport,  Wis 

New  Portland,  Me 

Newport  News,  Va 

New  Prague,  Minn 

New  Prague,  Minn 

New  Prairie,  Minn 

New  Prospect,  Ala 

New  Prospect,  Ala 

New  Prospect,  Fla 

New  Providence,  Ala... 
New  Providence,  N.J... 
New  Redding,  Iowa.... 
New  Richland,  Minn... 
New  Richland,  Minn... 

New  Richmond,  0 

New  Richmond,  Wis.... 

New  Riegel,  O 

New  Ringgold,  Pa 

New  River,  Ala.... 

New  River,  Cal 

New  River,  Tenn 

New  River  Depot,  Va... 

New  Rochelle,  N.Y 

New  Rochelle,  N.Y 

New  Roe,  &c.,  Ky 

New  Ross,  Ind 

Newry,  Me 

Newry,  Minn 

Newry,  Pa 

New  Salem,  III 

New  Salem,  111 

New  Salem,  III 

New  Salem,  Mass 

New  Salem,  N.C... 

New  Salem,  N.D 

New  Salem,  O 

New  Salem,  Pa 

New  San  Marcial,  N.M. 
New  Scotland,  N.Y... 
New  Sewickley,  Pa... 
New  Sharon,  Iowa... 

New  Sharon,  Me 

New  Shoreham,  B.I.. 

New  Site,  Ala 

New  Site,  Ala 

New  Smyrna,  Fla , 

New  Socorro,  N.M..... 

New  Solum,  Minn 

Newsom's,  Va 

Newstead,  N.Y 

New  Straitsville,  O..., 
New  Sweden,  Minn... 
New  Tennessee,  Ark. 

Newton,  Ala 

Newton,  Ala 

Newton,  Ark 

Newton,  Fla 

Newton,  III 

Newton,  Ill„ 

Newton,  Ind 

Newton,  Iowa , 

Newton,  Iowa , 

Newton,  Iowa , 

Newton,  Iowa 

Newton,  Iowa 

Newton,  Kan 

Newton,  Kan 

Newton,  Mass 

Newton,  Mich 

Newton,  Mich 

Newton,  Minn 

Newton,  Mo 

Newton,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet 
post 
post 


•twp 

•prect 

■town 


township 

post-Till 

towuship 


post 
post- 


vill 
■twp 


precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

village 

towr 

post 

city 


nship 
■  -boro' 


township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 


post 
mag. 
mag. 
mag. 


■vill 
.-dist 
■dist 
■dist 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

towuship 

post-twp 

post-vill 

borough 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

towuship 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Barton ^„ 

Bock... 

Sullivan , 

Herkimer 

Herkimer , 

Carteret , 

Carteret 

Washington..... 

Benton..... , 

Benton 

Coos 

Coos 

Luzerne 

Perry , 

liewport 

Marshall 

Cocke 

Clay 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Giles 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Warwick 

Columbia 

Somerset 

Warwick 

Le  Sueur 

Scott 

Pope 

Clarke 

Hale 

Lee 

Crenshaw 

Union 

Binggold 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Clermont 

Saint  Croix 

Seneca 

Schuylkill 

Marion 

Trinity 

Scott 

Pulaski 

Westchester.... 

Westchester 

Allen 

Montgomery 

Oxford 

Freeborn 

Blair 

McDonough.. 

Pike 

Pike 

Franklin 

Union 

Morton 

Fairfield 

York 

Socorro 

Albany 

Beaver 

Mahaska 

Franklin 

Newport 

Tallapoosa. ... 
Tallapoosa.... 

Volusia 

Socorro 

Marshall 

Southampton 

Erie 

Perry 

Nicollet 

Perry 

Dale 

Dale 

Faulkner. 

Holmes 

Jasper 

Whiteside 

Jasper 

Buchanan 

Carrroll 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Winnebago.... 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Mackinac 

Otter  Tail 

Shannon 

Taney 


Popalation. 


1880.      1890. 


618 


2,612 
1,953 

713 
1,027 

165 
2,648 


62 


110 

1,531 

1,399 

15,693 


347 
1,667 
2,426 

920 
1,531 
3,802 

948 
1,520 
1,271 


384 
384 
217 
422 
1.147 


786 
781 
86 
746 
304 
2,545 
729 
367 
100 


217 

126 

192 

5,276 

*2,'675 
317 
337 
737 
326 

1,211 

1,704 
175 
869 

2,511 


196 
224 


3,251 
1,878 

806 

1,306 

1,203 

1,059 

72 

119 


2,894 
3,670 
2,782 
776 
364 
863 
469 
740 


1,168 
891 
676 
876 
688 
3,228 
2,607 


728 
2,601 
16,996 
983 
286 
360 
261 
675 

169 


806 

659 

2,623 

1,835 

659 

1,182 

218 

2,406 

693 

121 

391 

312 

6,411 

1,417 

19,467 

616 

668 

962 

3,047 

1,730 

1,424 

3,792 

6,389 

1,448 

1,034 

4,449 

955 

965 

543 

387 

1,028 

143 

922 

839 

214 

764 

423 

2,379 

1,408 

393 

240 

691 

?200 

170 

685 

9,057 

8,217 

2,540 

270 

343 

648 

335 

1,155 

1,695 

307 

856 

2,647 

715 

189 

231 

600 

3,307 

1,922 

1,026 

1,064 

1,320 

1,123 

109 

287 

296 

546 

2,993 

3,721 

2,782 

724 

226 

2,144 

620 

819 

722 

1,428 

794 

685 

765 

970 

3,473 

2,564 

608 

737 

6,605 

24,379 

847 

762 

353 

412 

707 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  -RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Newton,  Neb 

Newton,  Neb 

Newton,  N.H 

Newton,  N.J 

Newton,  N.C 

Newton,  N.C 

Newton,  0 

Newton,  0 

Newton,  O 

Newton,  0 

Newton,  0 

Newton,  Pa 

Newton,  Pa 

Newton,  Pa 

Newton,  Utah 

Newton,  Wis 

Newton,  Wis 

Newton  Falls,  0 

Newton  Grove,  N.C 

Newton  Grove,  N.C 

Newton  Hamilton,  Pa.. 

Newtonia,  Mo 

Newtown,  Conn 

Newtown,  Ga 

Newtown,  Ga 

Newtown,  Ga 

Newtown,  111 

Newtown,  Ky 

Newtown,  La 

Newtown,  Mo 

Newtown,  N.T 

Newtown,  0 

Newtown,  Pa 

Newtown,  Pa 

Newtown,  Va 

New  Trier,  111 

New  Trier,  Minn 

Newturit,  Alaska 

New  Ulm,  Minn 

New  Utrecht,  N.Y 

New  Vernon,  Pa 

New  Vienna,  0 

Newville,  Ind 

Newville,  Pa 

Newville,  Va 

Newville,  Va 

New  Vineyard,  Me 

New  Washington,  0.... 
New  Washington,  Pa... 
New  Whatcom,  Wash.. 
New  Wilmington,  Pa... 

New  Windsor,  Col 

New  Windsor,  Col 

New  Windsor,  111 

New  Windsor,  Md 

New  Windsor,  Md 

New  Windsor,  N.Y 

New  Windsor,  N.Y 

New  Wine,  Iowa 

New  York,  Cal 

New  York,  Mo 

New  York,  Neb 

New  York,  N.Y 

New  York  Mills,  Minn. 
New  York  Mills,  N.Y... 

New  Zion,  S.C 

Niagara,  Kan 

Niagara,  Ky 

Niagara,  N.Y 

Niagara,  N.D 

Niagara  Falls,  N.Y 

Niangua,  Mo 

Niantic,  111 

Niantic,  111 

Nicasio,  Cal 

Nichol,  Iowa 

Nicholas,  Ky 

Nicholasville,  Ky 

Nicholasville,  Ky 

Nicholia,  Idaho 

Nichols,  Ark 

Nichols,  Neb 

Nichols,  N.Y 

Nicholson,  Pa 

Nicholson,  Pa 

Nicholson,  Pa 

Nickerson,  Kan 

Nickerson,  Neb... 

Nicodemus,  Kan 

Nicolaus,  Cal 

Nicollet,  Minn 

Nicollet,  Minn 

Nidaros,  Minn 

Nieny,Ga 

Nikhkak,  Alaska 

Nile,  0 

170 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

' \[p 

lip 

■psect 

"lip 


townsh 


townsh 
po8t-p«( 
townsh 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

poit-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-tvpp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

hamlet 

township 


County. 


Jefferson 

Loup 

Rockingham ... 

Sussex 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Licking 

Miami 

Muskingum 

Pike 

Trumbull 

Cumberland 

Delaware 

Lackawanna.... 

Cache 

Manitowoc 

Marquette 

Trumbull 

Sampson 

Sampson 

Mifflin 

Newton 

Fairfield 

Jackson 

Milton 

Wilkes 

Livingston 

Scott 

Terre  Bonne.... 

Sullivan 

Queens 

Hamilton 

Bucks 

Bncks 

King  &  Queen.. 

Cook 

Dakota 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,216 


Brown 

Kings 

Mercer 

Clinton 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland.... 
Prince  George. 

Sussex 

Franklin 

Crawford 

Clearfield 

Whatcom 

Lawrence 

Weld 

Weld 

Mercer 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Orange 

Orange 

Dubuque 

Yuba 

Caldwell 

York 

New  York 

Otter  Tail 

Oneida 

Clarendon .'. 

Stevens 

Henderson 

Niagara 

Grand  Forks... 

Niagara 

Webster 

Macon 

Macon 

Marin 

Muscatine 

Marshall 

Jessamine 

Jessamine 

Lemhi 

Conway 

Lincoln 

Tioga 

Fayette 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Beno 

Dodge 

Graham 

Sutter 

Nicollet 

Nicollet 

Otter  Tail 

Telfair 


Scioto . 


1,006 
2,513 
2,312 

583 
1,332 
2,829 
2,250 
1,369 
1,358 
1,843 

734 
1,027 

304 
1,867 

724 

575 


61 

317 

1,612 

4,013 

1,884 

818 

818 

1,344 

800 


24 

9,804 

424 

970 

1,001 

3,287 

2,223 

104 


2,471 

4,742 

845 

797 

744 

1,547 


1,685 
788 
675 
280 


628 


513 
2,199 

426 
2,576 


2,334 
647 
988 


1,833 
795 


1,102 
7,432 


3,320 


1,062 
321 
554 

286 

677 

2,489 

2,303 


1,709 
1,513 


586 
597 


452 
907 
939 
99 
311 


1,905 


1,058 

103 

1,064 

3,003 

3,633 

1,038 

1,208 

2,680 

2,131 

1,386 

1,383 

1,713 

648 

1,059 

473 

1,726 

711 

698 

1,242 

63 

333 

1,538 

3,539 

1,811 

773 

1,532 

1,589 

799 

411 

303 

17,549 

552 

759 

1,213 

3,178 

3,703 

129 

9 

3,471 

8,854 

720 

871 

687 

1,562 

309 

1,991 

660 

704 

178 

2,140 

684 

506 

173 

477 

2,047 

414 

2,621 

6U 

2,579 

770 

963 

681 

1,515,301 

260 

2,552 

868 

79 

1,176 

10,979 

236 

5,502 

367 

1,259 

639 

538 

237 

869 

2,435 

2,157 

110 

1,565 

218 

1,701 

1,483 

905 

734 

1,662 

633 

300 

1,096 

766 

263 

684 

323 

42 

2,018 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Niles,  111 

Niles,  Ind 

Niles,  Iowa 

Niles,  Mich , 

Niles,  Mich , 

Niles,  N.Y 

Niles,  0 

Nilwood,  111 , 

Nimblewill,  Ga 

Nimishillen,  0 , 

Nine  Mile,  Utah 

Nine  Mile  Prairie,  Mo. 

Nineteenth,  Ga , 

Ninety-Six,  S.C 

Ninety-Six,  S.C 

Nineveh,  Ind , 

Nineveh,  Ind 

Nineveh,  Mo 

Nineveh,  Mo 

Ninilchick,  Alaska 

Nininger,  Minn 

Ninnescah,  Kan , 

Ninnescah,  Kan 

Ninnescah,  Kan 

Ninnescah,  Kan 

Ninth,  Ga , 

Ninth,  Ga 

Niobrara,  Neb , 

Niobrara,  Neb , 

Niobrara,  Neb 

Nipomo,  Cal 

Nippa walla,  Kan 

Nippenose,  Pa 

Nisbnabotany,  Iowa.... 

Nishnabotna,  Mo 

Niskayuna,  N.Y , 

Niven,  Ark 

Niven,  Ark 

Ni  Wot,  Col , 

Nixburg,  Ala 

Nixon.  Ill 

Nixonton,  N.C , 

Noble,  111 , 

Noble,  111 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind , 

Noble,  Iowa 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Mich 

Noble,  Neb 

Noble,  N.D , 

Noble,  O , 

Noble,  O , 

Noble.  0 , 

Nobleborough,  Me , 

Noblesville,  Ind 

Noblesville,  Ind , 

Nocatee,  Fla 

Nockamixon,  Pa 

Nocona,  Tex 

Nodaway,  Iowa ., 

Nodaway,  Iowa ., 

Nodaway,  Iowa 

Nodaway,  Mo 

Nodaway,  Mo , 

Nodaway,  Mo 

Nogal,  N.M , 

Nogales,  Ariz 

Noghelingamute,  Alas. 
Noh-chamute,  Alaska.. 

Nokomis,  111 

Nokomis,  111 

Nokomis,  Iowa. 

Nolin,  Ky 

Nonpareil,  Neb 

Nooksachk,  Wash 

Noontootla,  Ga , 

Nora,  111 

Nora,  111 

Nora,  Minn 

Nora,  Neb...., 

Nora,  N.D 

Nora  Springs,  Iowa 

Norborne,  Mo , 

Norcross,  Ga 

Norden,  Minn 

Norden,  Neb 

Norden,  S.D 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Cook 

Delaware 

Floyd 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Cayuga 

Trumbull 

Macoupin 

Lumpkin 

Stark 

Emery 

Callaway 

Paulding 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Bartholomew... 

.Tohnson 

Adair 

Lincoln 


Dakota 

Cowley 

Kingman 

Beno 

Sedgwick 

Catoosa 

Whitfield 

Knox 

Knox 

Sheridan 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Barber 

Lycoming 

Crawford 

Atchison 

Schenectady 

Cleveland 

Jefferson 

Boulder 

Coosa 

De  Witt 

Pasquotank 

Richland 

Richland 

Cass 

Jay 

La  Porte 

Noble 

Bush 

Shelby 

Wabash 

Cass 

Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Marshall 

Norton 

Branch 

Valley 


Anglaiz.e..., 
Defiance.... 

Noble 

Lincoln 

Hamilton.. 
Hamilton... 

De  Soto 

Bucks 

Montague.. 
Adams 


Taylor 

Andrew... 

Holt 

Nodawa:y.. 
Xincoln.... 
Pima , 


Montgomery  ... 
Montgomery  ... 

Buena  Vista 

Hardin 

Box  Butte 

Whatcom 

Fannin 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Pope 

Nuckolls 

La  Moure 

Floyd 

Carroll 

Gwinnett 

Polk 

Keya  Paha 

Deuel 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,503 
1,154 

902 
1,663 
4,197 
1,875 
3,879 
1,344 

637 
3,114 


2,632 

660 

3,326 

468 

720 

1,689 

1,218 

1,005 


239 

677 
970 


380 
297 
719 
849 
475 


656 
304 
1,158 
990 
384 


2,469 

896 

1,996 

1,657 

502 

953 

1,320 

1,154 

1,315 

1,136 

1,845 

7,609 

845 

553 

408 

620 


723 


1,303 
912 
1,420 
1,142 
4,550 
2,221 


1,554 


1,108 
3,602 

878 
2,621 

752 
2,055 


2,043 
1,062 
1,081 
1,872 


717 
1,007 
333 
309 
208 


617 
602 
500 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Norden,  S.D 

Nordhoff,  Cal 

Nordland,  Minn 

Nordland,  Minn 

Nordland,  S.D 

Nordmer,  N.D 

Norfolk,  Conn 

Norfolk,  Mass 

Norfolk,  Minn 

Norfolk,  Neb , 

Norfolk,  Neb 

Norfolk,  N.Y 

Norfolk,  S.D 

Norfolk,  Va 

Norkluk,  Alaska 

Normal,  111 , 

Normal,  III , 

Norman,  Idaho , 

Norman,  111 

Norman,  Minn 

Norman,  Mo 

Norman,  N.D 

Norman,  N.D , 

Norman,  N.D 

Norman,  N.D 

Norman,  Okla 

Normania,  Minn 

Normania,  N.D 

Norridgewock,  Me 

Norrie,  Wis 

Norri8,S.C 

Norris  City,  111 

Norristown,  Pa 

Norriton,  Pa 

North,  Ark 

North,  Ind 

North,  Ind 

North,  Kan 

North,  Kan 

North,  Ky 

North,  Minn 

North,  Mo 

North,  0 

North  Adama,  Mass... 
North  Adams,  Mich... 

North  Alton,  111 .'.. 

North  Amherst,  0 

Northampton,  Kan..,. 
Northampton,  Mass.... 

Northampton,  N.J 

Northampton,  N.Y.... 

Northampton,  0 

Northampton,  Pa 

Northampton,  Pa 

North  Andover,  Mass. 
North  Annville,  Pa.... 
North  Attleborough, 

Mass 

North  Baltimore,  0.... 

North  Beaver,  Pa 

North  Belle  Vernon,  Pa 

North  Bend,  Ind 

North  Bend,  Neb 

North  Bergen,  N.J 

North  Berwick,  Me 

North  Bloomfield,  Cal.. 

North  Bloomfleld,0 

North  Bluff,  Neb 

Northborough,  Mass.... 

North  Branch,  Md 

North  Branch,  Mich.... 
North  Branch,  Mich.... 
North  Branch,  Minn... 
North  Branch,  Minn... 

North  Branch,  Neb 

North  Branch,  Pa 

North  Brauford,  Conn.. 

Northbridge,  Mass 

North  Brook,  N.C 

North  Brookfleld,  Mass. 
North  Brunswick,  N.J. 

North  Buffalo,  Pa 

North  Carolina,  Ga 

North  Carolina,  Qa 

North  Castle,  N.Y 

North  Catawba,  N.C 

North  Clinton,  N.C 

North  Codorus,  Pa 

North  Collins,  N.Y 

North  Collins,  N.Y 

North  Coos  River,  Ore.. 

North  Cornwall,  Pa 

North  Corvallis,  Ore.... 

North  Cove,  N.C 

North  Coventry,  Pa 

North  Dausville,  N.Y... 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

hamlet 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

towbship 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. 


Hamlin 

Ventura 

Aitkin 

Lyon 

Marshall 

Foster 

Litchfield... 

Norfolk 

Renville  .... 

Madison 

Madison 

Saint  Lawrence 

Sully 

Norfolk 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


343 


McLean 

McLean 

Bear  Lake 

Grundy 

Yellow  Med.... 

Dent 

Barnes 

Cass , 

Steele 

Traill 

Cleveland 

Yellow  Med 

Benson , 

Somerset , 

Marathon 

Edgefield , 

White 

Montgomery.... 
Montgdmery..., 

Sharp , 

Lake 

Marshall 

Labette 

Woodson 

Washington 

Polk 

Dade 

Harrison 

Berkshire 

Hillsdale 

Madison 

Lorain 

Rooks 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Fulton. 

Summit 

Bucks 

Somerset..™ 

Essex 

Lebanon 


Bristol 

Wood , 

Lawrence 

Westmoreland. 

Starke 

Dodge 

Hudson , 

York , 

Nevada 

Morrow , 

Lancaster 

Worcester 

Alleghany 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Chisago 

Isanti 

Otoe 

Wyoming 

New  Haven 

Worcester , 

Lincoln 

Worcester , 

Middlesex , 

Armstrong 

Floyd , 

Quitman , 

Westchester...., 

Caldwell 

Sampson , 

York 

Erie 

Erie 

Coos , 

Lebanon 

Benton , 

McDowell , 

Chester... , 

Livingston 


1,418 

930 
296 


547 
2,471 


21,966 


8,045 
2,470 


445 
340 
613 


263 
'i',"49i 


2,958 

400 

13,065 

1,368 
331 

2,540 

1,727 


2,108 


1,209 

1,410 

10,191 

433 

838 
1,642 

546 
12,172 
4,630 
2,069 

977 
1,768 

842 
3,217 
2,134 


701 

1,984 

208 

594 

415 

4,268 

1,801 

724 

1,227 


1,676 


1,656 


141 

707 

564 

400 

1,025 

4,053 

1,401 

4,459 

1,251 

1,216 

2,066 

885 

1,818 


2,550 

1,856 

421 

103 


990 
1,441 
4,178 


657 

244 

121 

357 

164 

68 

1,546 

913 

426 

4,120 

3,038 

2,024 

100 

34,871 

13 

7,312 

3,459 

138 

354 

378 

1,083 

278 

734 

125 

270 

787 

529 

220 

1,656 

353 

2,803 

223 

19,791 

1,236 

722 

9,631 

1,956 

850 

470 

1,219 

95 

1,413 

1,-199 

16,074 

504 

762 

1,648 

309 

14,990 

5,378 

1,992 

896 

2,049 

784 

3,742 

2,008 

6,727 

2,857 

2,035 

435 

884 

897 

6,715 

1,803 

497 

1,105 

501 

1,952 

553 

1,886 

705 

685 

885 

774 

.  365 

825 

4,603 

1,956 

3,871 

1,238 

1,108 

1,891 

894 

1,475 

823 

2,029 

2,639 

2,016 

636 

267 

1,468 

364 

1,178 

1,605 

4,099 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


North  Danville,  Va 

North  Derry,  Pa. 

North  East,  Cal 

North  East,  111 

North  East,  Ind 

North  East,  Md 

North  East,  Md 

North  East,  Miss 

North  East,  Miss 

North  East,  Miss 

North  East,  Miss 

North  East,  N.Y 

North  East,  Pa 

North  East,  Pa 

North  East  Greeley,  Col 

North  Elba,  N.Y 

Northern,  111 

Northern,  111 

North  Eugene,  Ore 

Northfleld,  111 

Northfleld,  Me 

Northfleld,  Mass 

Northfleld,  Mich 

Northfleld,  Minn 

Northfleld,  Minn 

Northfleld,  N.H 

Northfleld,  N.Y 

Northfleld,  0- 

Northfleld,  Vt 

Northfleld,  Vt 

Northfleld,  Wis 

North  Fork,  Ark 

North  Fork,  Ark 

North  Fork,  Ark 

North  Fork,  Cal 

North  Fork,  Iowa 

North  Fork,  Ky 

North  Fork,  Ky 

North  Fork,  Minn 

North  Fork,  Mo 

North  Fork,  Neb 

North  Fork,  N.C 

North  Fork,  Ore 

North  Fork,  Va 

North  Fork,  Wash 

North  Fort  Collins,  Col. 
North  Franklin,  Neb... 
North  Freedom,  Wis.... 
North  Great  Falls,Mont 
North  Oreenbush,  N.Y. 
North  Hampton,  N.H... 

North  Haven,  Conn 

North  Haven,  Me 

North  Heidelberg,  Pa... 
North  Hempstead,  N.Y. 
North  Henderson,  111... 

North  Hero,  Minn 

North  Hero,  Vt 

North  Hopewell,  Pa.... 
North  Hudson,  N.Y.... 
North  Humphries,  Ky 
North  Huntingdon,  Pa. 
North  IndianapoIi8,Ind 
North  Islands,  <fec..  Col. 

North  Jordan,  Utah 

North  Judson,  Ind 

North  Kingston,  B.I.... 
North  Knoxville,  Tenn 

Northland,  Minn 

North  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 

North  Lawrence,  0 

North  Lebanon,  Pa 

North  Lewisburg,  0 

North  Lincoln,  Neb 

North  Litchfield,  111.... 

North  Loup,  Neb 

North  Loup,  Neb 

North  MacGregor,Iowa 
North  MacMinnville, 

Ore 

North  Mahoning,  Pa... 
North  Manchester,  Ind. 

North  Manheim,  Pa 

North  Marion,  &c..  Mo. 
North  Middleton,  Pa.... 
North  Middletown,  Ky. 
North  Middletown,  Ky. 
North  Moniteau,  Mo.... 

North  Moreland,  Pa 

North  Muddy,  111 

North  Murderkill,  Del. 
North  Muskegon,  Mich 
North  Norwich,  N.Y.... 

North  Ogden,  Utah 

North  Okaw,  III 

North  Ottawa,  Minn.... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-town 

beat 

beat 

beat 

beat 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post  town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 


County. 


Pittsylvania.... 

Mifflin 

Yuba 

Adams 

Orange 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Attala 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Winston 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Erie 

Weld 

Essex 

Franklin 

Williamson 

Lane , 

Cook 

Washington..... 

Franklin , 

Washtenaw , 

Rice 

Rice 

Merrimack 

Richmond 

Summit , 

Washington 

Washington 

■Tackson , 

Baxter 

Marion 

Pope , 

Trinity 

Delaware 

Morgan 

Powell 

Stearns 

Barton , 

Saline 

Ashe , 

Grant 

Washington...., 

Snohomish 

Larimer , 

Franklin- 

Sauk , 

Cascade 

Rensselaer , 

Rockingham..., 

New  Haven 

Knox , 

Berks 

Queens , 

Mercer , 

Redwood 

Grand  Isle 

York 

Essex 

Ballard 

Westmoreland., 

Marion 

Arapahoe 

Salt  Lake 

Starke 

Washington 

Knox 

Polk 

San  Miguel 

Stark 

Lebanon 

Champaign 

Frontier 

Montgomery.... 

Valley 

Valley 

Clayton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Yam  Hill 

Indiana 

Wabash 

Schuylkill 

Christian 

Cumberland.... 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Howard 

Wyoming 

Jasper. 

Kent 

Muskegon 

Chenango 

Weber 

Coles 

Grant 


1,200 


244 
1,453 

997 
4,006 

988 
3,122 

672 
2,452 

912 
2,181 
2,152 
1,396 


480 

1,266 

1,838 

1,433 

1,807 

193 

1,603 

1,273 

3,150 

2,296 

918 

7,014 

1,076 

2,836 

1,313 

1,175 

462 

600 

250 

506 

866 

234 

362 

470 

755 

692 

1,239 

192 

2,964 


4,131 
774 

1,763 
755 
950 

7,560 

1,138 
196 
637 


693 
2,021 
6,341 


282 

166 

3,949 


494 

2,660 

936 


961 


619 


1,317 
1,585 
2,607 


1,115 

1,476 

377 


892 
1,254 
4,078 


964 

966 

1,721 


3,799 

2,075 

269 

1,488 

898 

3,998 

1,249 

3,762 

1,156 

2,660 

974 

2,026 

2,124 

1,538 

603 

1,117 

1,574 

1,939 

1,809 

1,866 

143 

1,869 

1,210 

3,485 

2,659 

1,115 

9,811 

940 

2,628 

1,222 

787 

486 

838 

518 

?500 

817 

331 

478 

683 

880 

829 

1,414 

179 

3,214 

186 

1,502 

699 

316 

270 

4,768 

804 

1,862 

652 

854 

8,134 

912 

265 

660 

1,199 

668 

1,973 

7,125 

1,479 

2,295 

636 

672 

4,193 

2,297 

287 

1,036 

837 

3,723 

866 

263 

1,039 

796 

386 

609 

1,099 
1,265 
2,384 
2,391 
1,237 

994 
1,644 

496 
1,067 

803 
1,683 
3,954 
1,590 

858 

758 
1,822 

237 


171 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


North  Otter,  111 

North  Palmyra,  111 

North  Parma,  N.Y 

North  Pendleton,  Ore... 

North  Peoria,  111 

North  Plaiofield,  N.J... 

North  Plains,  Mich 

North  Platte,  Neb 

North  Platte,  Neb 

North  Plea8ureville,Ky 
North  Point,  Utah.. 

Northport,  Ala 

Northport,  Ala , 

Northport,  Me , 

Northport,  Mich 

North  Portland,  &c.,Ore 

North  Powder,  Ore 

North  Powder,  Ore 

North  Powder,  Ore 

North  Providence,  E.I 
North  Reading,  Mass.. 

North  River,  Ala 

North  River,  Va 

North  Robinson,  0 , 

North  Roscoe,  Kan , 

North  Saint  Paul, Minn 

North  Salem,  Ind 

North  Salem,  Mo 

North  ^lem,  N.Y 

North  Salem,  Ore 

North  San  Juan,  Cal.... 
North  Sewickley,  Pa.... 

North  Shade,  Mich 

North  Shawneetown,Ill 
North  Shenango,  Pa..... 
Northside  Boulder, 

Mont 

North  Smithfleld,  R.I... 

North  Smoky,  Col 

North  Springfield,  111... 

North  Star,  &c..  Col 

North  Star,  Mich 

North  Star,  Minn 

North  Star,  Neb 

North  Star  Mine,  Col... 
North  Stonington,Conn 

North  Strabaue,  Pa 

North  Tarrytown,  N.Y. 
North  Tonawanda,N.Y. 

North  Towanda,  Pa 

North  Troy,  Vt 

Northumberland,  N.H.. 
Northumberland,  N.Y.. 
Northumberland,  Pa.... 

North  Union,  Pa 

North  Union,  Pa 

North  Utica,  III 

North  Valley,  Neb 

North  Vernon,  Ind 

North  Versailles,  Pa..... 

North  Veta,  Col 

Northville,  Ga 

Northville,  111 

Northville,  Mich 

Northville,  N.Y 

Northville,  S.D 

North  Wales,  Pa 

North  Warner,  Ore 

North  West,  Ark 

North  West,  Ind 

North  West,  Miss 

North  West,  Miss 

North  West,  N.C 

North  West,  0 

North  West  Fork,  Del.. 
North  West  Greeley ,CoI 
North  Whitehall,  Pa.... 

North  Windsor,  Col 

Northwood,  Iowa 

North  wood,  Iowa 

Northwood,  N.H 

Northwood,  N.D 

Northwood,  N.D 

North  Woodbury,  Pa... 
North  Yakima,  Wash... 
North  Yam  Hill,  Ore... 
North  Yarmouth,  Me... 

Norton,  111 

Norton,  Kan 

Norton,  Kan 

Norton,  Mass 

Norton,  Mich 

Norton,  Minn 

Norton,  N.D 

Norton,  0 

Norton,  Vt 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

village 

precinct 

city 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

beat 

beat 

township 

post-twp 

hundred 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Macoupin.... 

Macoupin 

Monroe 

Umatilla 

Peoria 

Somerset 

Ionia 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Henry 

Salt  Lake , 

Tuscaloosa..., 
Tuscaloosa...  c 

Waldo 

Leelanaw 

Multnomah.. 

Baker. 

Union 

Union 

Providence..., 

Middlesex 

Fayette 

Augusta 

Crawford 

Hodgeman  ... 

Ramsey 

Hendricks 

Linn 

Westchester.. 

Marion 

Nevada 

Beaver 

Gratiot 

Gallatin 

Crawford 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Jefferson 

Providence 

Kit  Carson 

Sangamon 

Gunnison 

Gratiot 

Brown 

Frontier 

San  Juan 

New  London ... 

Washington 

Westchester 

Niagara 

Bradford 

Orleans 

Coos 

Saratoga 

Northumberl'd 

Fayette 

Schuylkill 

La  Salle 

Red  Willow 

Jennings 

Alleghany 

Huerfano 

Butts 

La  Salle 

Wayne 

Fulton 

Spink 

Montgomery.... 

Lake 

Stone 

Orange 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Brunswick 

Williams 

Sussex 

Weld 

Lehigh 

Weld 

Worth 

Worth 

Rockingham.... 
Grand  Forks.... 
Grand  Forks. ... 

Blair 

Yakima 

Yam  Hill 

Cumberland 

Kankakee 

Jefferson 

Norton 

Bristol 

Muskegon 

Winona 

Walsh 

Summit 


1,087 

1,199 

376 


3,217 

1,902 

2,873 

363 


1,953 
664 
872 
198 
17,577 
276 
200 


1,467 
900 
758 

4,313 
182 


358 
872 

1,693 
930 
656 
971 

1,365 


942 


3,088 


1,467 
294 


1,769 

1,324 

2,684 

1,492 

746 

469 

1,062 

1,583 

2,293 

3,169 

848 

767 


1,842 
3,051 


865 

1,061 

934 

763 


673 


1,076 
360 
1,412 
1,313 
1,582 
2,193 


3,245 


l,3a3 

844 

1,346 


1,695 


982 

827 

1,541 

1,376 

634 

1,732 

656 

827 


2,066 
239 


961 

1,446 

487 

1,192 

1,086 

4,250 

1,477 

3.055 

3,055 

194 

157 

2,462 

413 

691 

204 

47,447 

115 

599 

185 

2,084 

874 

859 

4,153 

257 

227 

1,099 

505 

978 

1,730 

2,145 

303 

1,154 

1,421 

1,570 

804 

129 

3,173 

190 

1,043 

189 

1,645 

366 

282 

35 

1,463 

1,492 

3,179 

4,793 

753 

600 

1,356 

1,410 

2,744 

5,099 

1,124 

1,094 

426 

2,012 

2,882 

605 

1,107 

857 

1,573 

792 

868 

1,060 

78 

132 

972 

638 

1,633 

1,765 

1,486 

2,793 

1,412 

2,847 

329 

1,385 

859 

1,478 

828 

268 

1,661 

1,635 

1,392 

709 

1,658 

1,508 

1,074 

1,785 

723 

776 

236 

1,973 

900 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Norton,  Vt 

Norton  Creek,  Fla 

Norton  Sound,  Alaska. 

Nortonville,  Kan 

Norvell,  Mich 

Norwalk,  Conn 

Norwalk,  Iowa 

Norwalk,  O 

Norwalk,  0 

Norway,  111 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Kan 

Norway,  Me 

Norway,  Me 

Norway,  Mich 

Norway,  Minn 

Norway,  Neb 

Norway,  N.Y 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  Ore. 

Norway,  S.D 

Norway,  S.D 

Norway,  Wis 

Norway  Lake,  Minn... 

Norwegian,  Pa 

Norwegian  Grove,Minn 

Norwell,  Mass 

Norwich,  Conn 

Norwich,  Conn 

Norwich,  Kan 

Norwich,  Mich 

Norwich,  Mich 

Norwich,  N.Y 

Norwich,  N.Y 

Norwich,  0 

Norwich,  0 

Norwich,  O 

Norwich,  Pa 

Norwich,  Vt 

Norwood,  Col 

Norwood,  Ga 

Norwood,  Ga. 

Norwood,  Mass 

Norwood,  Mich 

Norwood,  Minn 

Norwood,  N.Y 

Norwood,  N.C 

Norwood,  Wis 

Norwood  Park,  111 

Notaloten,  Alaska 

Notasulga,  Ala 

Notasulga,  Ala 

Notre  Dame,  Ind 

Nottawa,  Mich 

Nottawa,  Mich 

Nottingham,  Ind 

Nottingham,  Md 

Nottingham,  N.H 

Nottingham,  0 

Nottingham,  Pa 

Nottla,  N.C 

Noughton,  N.D 

Novato,  Cal 

Novesta,  Mich 

Novi,  Mich 

Novokhtolahamnte, 

Alaska 

Nowell,  Neb 

Nowikakat,  Alaska 

Nowland,  Ark 

Noyes,  Pa 

N.  P.  Junction,  Minn... 

Ntealeyta,  Alaska 

Nuchek,  Alaska 

Nuklukayet,  Alaska.... 

Nulato,  Alaska 

Nulochtagamute,  Alas.. 

Numa,  Iowa 

Numedal,  Minn 

Nunachanaghamute, 

Alaska 

Nunavokuak-chluga- 

mute,  Alaska 

Nunda,  111 

Nunda,  III 

Nunda,  Mich 

Nunda,  Minn 

Nunda,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


Tilltige 

precinct 

village 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

pc«t-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post- town 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

hamlet 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

township 

village 

hamlet 

village 

village 

village 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

Tillage 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Essex 

Madison. 


Jefferson 

Jacksoni 

Fairfield 

Pottawattamie 

Huron 

Huron 

La  Salle 

Benton 

Humboldt 

Wright 

Winnebago 

Republic 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Dickinson 

Fillmore 

Thomas , 

Herkimer 

Dickey 

La  Moure 

Nelson 

Ramsey 

Steele 

Traill 

Coos 

aay 

Lincoln 

Racine 

Kandiyohi 

Schuylkill 

Otter  Tail 

Plymouth 

New  London.... 
New  London.... 

Kingman 

Missaukee... 

Newaygo 

Chenango.... 
Chenango.... 

Franklin 

Huron 

Muskingum 

McKean 

Windsor 

San  Miguel., 

Warren 

Warren 

Norfolk 

Charlevoix.. 

Carver 

Saint  Lawrence 

Stanly 

Langlade 

Cook 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Macon 

Macon 

Saint  Joseph... 

Isabella 

Saint  Joseph. .. 

Wells 

Prince  George's 
Rockingham.... 

Harrison 

Washington 

Cheroliee 

Burleigh 

Marin 

Tuscola 

Oakland 


Lincoln. 


Hempstead.. 

Clinton 

Carlton 


Appanoose . 
Polk 


McHenry.... 
McHenry.... 

Cheboygan.. 
Freeborn.... 
Livingston.. 


544 


350 

908 
13,956 

613 
7,078 
5,704 

130 


512 

77 

959 

492 

2,519 

1,467 


1,105 
"1,045 


981 

492 

932 

569 

1,820 

21,143 

15,112 


637 
6,756 


1,690 

1,157 

265 

431 

1,471 


1,399 


2,346 
306 
338 

1,221 


1,676 


1,751 
236 


293 
1,916 
2,057 
1,980 
1,096 
964 
868 
1,216 


471 

390 

1,278 


696 


1,721 
388 


776 
2,790 


172 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Nnnda,  N.Y 

Nunda,  S.D 

Nunn  Mill,  i&c,  Ala.... 

Nushagak,  Alaska 

Nutbush,  N.C 

Nutbush,  N.C 

Nutria,  N.M 

Nuttallburg,  W.  Va.... 

Nutters,  Md 

Nuttycombe,  Kan 

Nyack,  N.Y 

Oak,  Ga 

Oak,  Iowa 

Oak,  Kan 

Oak,  Minn 

Oak,  Neb 

Oak  Bluff,  Ark 

Oak  Bowery,  Ala 

Oak  Cliff,  Tex 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Utah 

Oak  Creek,  Wis 

Oakdale,  Cal , 

Oakdale,  Fla 

Oakdale,  111 , 

Oakdale,  Iowa 

Oakdale,  Minn 

Oakdale,  Neb 

Oakdale,  Neb 

Oakdale,  Wis 

Oakes,  N.D 

Oakesdale,  Wash 

Oakfield,  Iowa 

Oakfleld,  Mich 

Oakfield,  N.Y 

Oakfield,  N.Y 

Oakfield,  Wig 

Oakford,  Ky 

Oak  Forest,  Ark 

Oak  Fuska,  Ala 

Oak  GroTe,  Ala 

Oak  Grove,  Fla 

Oak  Grove,  Ga....> 

Oak  Grove,  Ind , 

Oak  Grove,  Minn 

Oak  Grove,  Mo 

Oak  Grove,  Neb 

Oak  Grove,  N.M 

Oak  Grove,  N.C 

Oak  Grove,  N.C. 

Oak  Grove,  Wis 

Oak  Grove,  Wis 

Oak  Grove,  Wis 

Oak  Gulch,  S.D 

Oakham,  Mass 

Oak  Harbor,  0 

Oak  Hill,  Ga , 

Oak  Hill,  Ky 

Oak  Hill,  Mo 

Oak  Hill,  N.C 

Oak  Hill,  0 

Oak  Lake,  8.D , 

Oakland,  Ala 

Oakland,  Cal 

Oakland,  Cal 

Oakland,  111 

Oakland,  111 

Oakland,  Iowa 

Oakland,  Iowa 

Oakland,  Iowa 

Oakland,  Kan 

Oakland,  Kan 

Oakland,  Me 

Oakland,  Md 

Oakland,  Md    

Oakland,  Mich 

Oakland,  Minn , 

Oakland,  Miss 

Oakland,  Neb 

Oakland,  Neb , 

Oakland,  Neb 

Oakland,  N.C 

Oakland,  0 

Oekland,  Ore 

Oakland,  Pa , 

Oakland,  Pa 

Oakland,  Pa 

Oakland,  Pa 

Oakland,  S.C 

Oakland,  Tex 

Oakland,  Wis 

Oakland  City,  Ind 

Oak  Lawn,  Minn 


Rank  of 
place. 


poet-vill 

township 

precinct 

village 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

village 

city 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Livingston., 

Lake 

Morgan 


Vance 

Warren 

Valencia 

Fayette 

Wicomico 

Cheyenne 

Rockland 

Clayton 

Mills 

Smith 

Stearns , 

Lancaster 

Clay 

Chambers , 

Dallas , 

Butler 

Saunders 

Sherman , 

Webster , 

Millard , 

Milwaukee 

Stanislaus 

Citrus 

Washington 

Howard 

Washington 

Antelope 

Antelope 

Monroe 

Dickey 

Whitman 

Audubon 

Kent 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Fond  du  Lac  ... 

Daviess 

Lee 

Tallapoosa 

Perry 

Liberty 

Fulton 

Benton 

Anoka 

Oregon 

Franklin 

Grant 

Durham 

Wake 

Barron 

Dodge 

Pierce 

Day 

Worcester 

Ottawa 

Newton 

Taylor 

Crawford 

Granville 

Jackson 

Brookings. 

Lauderdale 

Alameda 

Alameda 

Coles 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Louisa 

Pottawattamie 

Clay 

aoud 

Kennebec 

Garrett 

Garrett 

Oakland 

Freeborn 

Yalabusha 

Boone 

Burt..„ , 

Burt , 

Chatham 

Fairfield , 

Douglas 

Butler 

Susquehanna... 
Susquehanna... 

Venango 

Greenville , 

Colorado , 

Jefferson , 

Gibson , 

Crow  Wing 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,037 


3,072 


277 
920 


3,881 


1,031 

1,673 

682 


1,066 
1,416 


254 
600 


418 

184 

2,097 

376 


447 
841 


338 
733 


536 
1,112 
1,495 


1,304 

1,376 
792 
472 

1,099 
475 
782 

1,434 
305 

1,303 


1,717 
973 


987 

779 

1,270 

1,103 

2,341 

646 


35,144 

34,565 

727 

1,261 

554 

508 


655 
475 

1,677 

2,077 
910 

1,041 
629 
288 
377 

1455 
345 

1,837 
139 
369 

1,039 

1,415 


1,214 
1,681 

167 
1,043 

731 


1,010 

403 

2,227 

268 

654 

1,639 

3.32 

342 

1,051 

176 

4,111 

1,059 

986 

1,093 

931 

734 

1,827 

1,546 

2,470 

951 

1,016 

■  338 

609 

186 

2,087 

1,012 

159 

954 

444 

964 

883 

630 

680 

379 

528 

1,004 

1,048 

1,441 

578 

1,324 

1,720 

1,402 

371 

1,044 

535 

756 

1,495 

293 

1,798 

388 

17 

1,619 

1,100 

608 

1,599 

824 

103 

738 

1,681 

526 

947 

1,330 

2,172 

657 

313 

2,139 

12,040 

48,682 

905 

1,301 

711 

447 

686 

576 

535 

2,044 

2,525 

1,046 

896 

639 

327 

1,177 

2,353 

807 

1,964 

165 

.339 

1,198 

690 

956 

1,063 

1,841 

250 

1,168 

1,524 

202 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oak  Level,  Ala 

Oakley,  Idaho 

Oakley,  111 

Oakley,  Kan 

Oakley,  Kan 

Oakley,  Mich 

Oakmont,  Pa. 

Oak  Park,  III 

Oak  Park,  Minn 

Oak  Park,  Minn 

Oak  Point,  Ore 

Oakport,  Minn 

Oak  Ridge,  La 

Oak  Ridge,  Mo 

Oak  Ridge,  N.C 

Oak  Run,  0 

Oak  Valley,  Kan 

Oak  Valley,  Kan 

Oak  Valley,  Minn 

Oakville,  Ala. 

Oakville,  La 

Oakville,  N.D „... 

Oakville,  Tex 

Oakwood,  111 

Oakwood,  Md 

Oakwood,  Minn 

Oakwood,  N.D 

Oakwood,  N.D 

Oakwood,  0 

Oakwood,  S.D 

Oakwood,  Tex 

Oaky  Streak,  Ala. 

Oasis,  Utah 

Oasis,  Wis 

Obed,  N.C 

Oberlin,  Kan 

Oberlin,  Kan 

Oberlin,  0 , 

Obion,  Tenn 

Obion,  Tenn 

Oblong,  111 

Oblong,  111 

Ocala,  Fla 

Ocala,  Fla 

Ocate,  N.M 

Ocate  Naraujos,  N.M... 

Occoquan,  Va 

Occoquan,  Va 

Occupacia,  Va 

Ocean,  Cal 

Ocean,  N.J 

Ocean,  N.J 

Oceana,  W.  Va 

Ocean  City,  Md 

Ocean  City,  N.J 

Ocean  Grove,  N.J 

Ocean  Pond,  Ga 

Oceanside,  Cal 

Ocean  Springs,  Miss 

Ocheyedan,  Iowa 

Ochlochnee,  Ga 

Ochlochnee,  Ga 

Ocklockonee,  Fla 

Ocoha,  Miss 

O'Cona  Lufty,  N.C 

Oconee,  Ga 

Oconee,  III 

Oconee,  111 

Oconeechee,  N.C 

O'Connor,  Neb 

Oconomowoc,  Wis 

Oconomowoc,  Wis 

Oconto,  Wis 

Oconto,  Wis 

Oconto  Falls,  Wis 

Ocracoke,  N.C 

Odebolt,  Iowa 

Odee,  Kan 

Odell,  III 

Odell,  111 

Odell,  Kan 

Oden,  Ark 

Odessa^  Del 

Odessa,  Kan 

Odessa,  Mich 

Odessa,  Minn 

Odessa,  Mo 

Odessa,  Neb 

Odessa,  N.D „ 

Odessa,  S.D 

Odiak,  Alaska 

Odin,  111 

Odin,  111 

Odin,  Minn 

Odon,  Ind.. 

Oella,  Md 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

borough 

post-vill 

township 

village 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

village 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

beat 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 


County. 


Cleburne , 

Cassia.. 

Macon 

Logan , 

Logan 

Saginaw 

Alleghany. ., 

Cook 

Marshall 

Washington 
Columbia.,... 

Clay 

Morehouse  .. 
Cape  Girardeau 

Guilford 

Madison 

Elk.„„ 

Elk 

Otter  Tail..... 
Lawrence...., 
Plaquemines 
Grand  Forks. 

Live  Oak 

Vermilion 

Cecil 

Wabasha 

Grand  Forks, 

Walsh 

Paulding 

Brookings..... 

Leon 

Butler 

Millard 

Waushara 

Ashe 

Decatur 

Decatur , 

Lorain 

Obion 

Obion 

Crawford 

Crawford , 

Marion 

Marion 

Mora. 

Mora 

Prince  William 
Prince  William 

Essex 

Sonoma 

Monmouth 

Ocean 

Wyoming 

Worcester 

Cape  May 

Monmouth 

Lowndes 

San  Diego 

Jackson 

Osceola 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Wakulla 

Covington 

Swain 

Laurens 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Northampton.. 

Greeley 

Waukesha , 

Waukesha 

Oconto 

Oconto 

Oconto , 

Hyde 

Sac 

Meade 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Harper , 

Chicot 

New  Castle , 

Jewell 

Ionia 

Big  Stone 

Lafayette 

Buffalo 

Ramsey 

Campbell 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Marion 

Marion 

Watonwan . 

Daviess 

Baltimore... 


1,198 


1,045 


298 


1,888 


159 
142 


180 
931 
613 


262 
2,251 


235 
2,559 
1,415 

988 


96 
908 


628 


1,196 


3,242 


1,885 


803 


1,088 
306 

3,646 
675 

6,027 

484 

939 

49 


620 
1,100 


849 
215 

1,729 
117 
137 

1,044 
867 


1, 

259 
2,446 

2^ 
1,336 
2,174 

893 
4,171 


400 
637 


2,004 
908 


2,497 
675 


1,699 
186 
100 


2,042 
724 
500 


1,310 

1,141 

1,070 
565 
176 
299 

1,678 

4,771 
453 
390 
424 
176 
296 
111 
972 
544 
889 
202 
357 

2,109 
390 
247 
329 

2,873 

1,249 
764 
157 
681 
378 
805 
231 
691 
199 
707 
572 

1,243 
976 

4,376 
916 
660 

2,069 
390 

4,388 

2,904 
904 
411 

1,223 
297 

3,140 

967 

10,209 

482 

1,343 

86 

462 

2,754 

1,433 
427 

1,148 
563 

1,451 
202 
150 

1,567 

1,367 
582 

1,660 
332 

2,229 
437 

1,373 

2,729 

1,068 

5,219 
494 
466 

1,122 
183 

1,658 
800 
688 

2,035 
640 
588 

2,251 
334 

1,272 
635 
160 
302 
273 

2,390 
817 
643 
192 
61S 


178 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oelrichs,  S.D 

Oelwein,  Iowa 

O'Kallon,  111 

O'Fallon,  III 

O'Fallon,  Neb 

Ogallah,  Kan 

Ogallala,  Neb 

Ogallala,  Neb 

Ogden,  111 

Ogden.IIl 

Ogden,  Iowa 

Ogden,  Kan 

Ogden,  Kan 

Ogdeu,  Mich 

Ogden,  N.Y 

Ogden,  Utah 

Ogden,  Utah 

Ogdensburg,  N.Y 

Ogema,  Wis 

Ogemaw,  Mich , 

Ogle,  Pa 

Oglethorpe,  Ga 

Oglethorpe,  Ga 

O'Hara,  Pa 

Ohatchee,  Ala 

Oh-hagamute,  Alaska.. 

Ohio,  111 

Ohio,  111 

Ohio,  111 

Ohio,  111 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Iowa 

Ohio,  Iowa.„ 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Mo 

Ohio,  Neb 

Ohio,  N.Y 

Ohio,  0 

Ohio,  0 

Ohio,  0 

Ohio,  Pa 

Ohio,  Pa 

Ohio,  S.D 

Ohio  City,  Ctol 

Ohio  Grove,  111 

Ohiowa,  Neb 

Oil,  Ind 

Oil  City,  Pa 

Oil  Creek,  Pa 

Oil  Creek,  Pa 

OiUtill,  Fla 

Ojitoe,  N.M 

Ojo  Caliente,  N.M 

Ojo  Caliente,  N.M 

Ojo  Caliente,  N.M 

Ojo  Sarco,  N.M 

Okahiimpka,  Fla. 

Okaw,  111 

Okawville,  111 

Okawville,  111 

Oketo,  Kan 

Oketo,  Ks,n 

Oklahoma,  Okla 

Okoboji,  Iowa 

Okobojo,  S.D 

Okolona,  Miss 

Ola,  S.D 

Olalla,  Wash 

Olathe,  Kan 

Olathe,  Kan 

Oldenburg,  Ind 

Old  Field,  N.C 

Old  Fields,  N.C 

Old  Fields  Creek,  N.C. 

Old  First,  Ga 

Old  Forge,  Pa 

Old  Fort,  N.C 

Old  Fort,  N.C 

Old  Harbor,  Alaska 

Old  Landing,  Ky 

Old  Lycoming,  Pa 

Old  Lyme,  Conn , 

Oldman's,  N.J , 

Old  Ninth,  Ga , 

Old  Orchard,  Me , 

Old  Richmond,  N.C 

Old  Ripley,  111 

OldEiver,  Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

village 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Fall  Biver... 

Fayette 

Saint  Clair... 
Saint  Clair. .. 

Lincoln 

Trego 

Keith 

Keith 

Champaign.. 
Chaniimign.. 

Booue 

Riley 

Riley 

Lenawee 

Monroe 

Weber 

Weber 

Saint  Lawrence 

Price 

Ogemaw 

Somerset 

Macon 

Macon 

Alleghany... 
Calhoun 


Bureau 

Bureau , 

Pulaski 

Woodford , 

Bartholomew. 

Crawford 

Spencer , 

Warrick 

Madison 

Webster 

Franklin 

Morris 

Ness 

Saline 

Sedgwick. 

Stafford 

Mississippi 

Richardson.... 

Herkimer 

Clermont 

Gallia 

Monroe < 

Alleghany 

Beaver 

Hand 

Gunnison....... 

Mercer 

Fillmore 

Perry 

Venango.- 

Crawford 

Venango 

Wakulla 

San  Miguel.... 
Rio  Arriba..... 

Taos 

Valencia. 

Rio  Arriba 

Lake 

Shelby 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Marshall 

Marshall.. . 

Oklahoma 

Dickinson 

Sully 

Chickasaw 

Brule 

Kitsap 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Franklin 

Cabarrus....... 

Wilson 

Ashe 

Milton 

Lackawanna . 

McDowell 

McDowell-.... 


Lee 

Lycoming , 

New  London. 

Salem 

Campbell 

York 

Forsyth 

Bond 

Desha 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


397 


923 
284 
483 
148 
114 
1,311 
239 
668 
828 


2,038 
2,967 
5,246 
6,069 
10,341 


301 


1,888 

442 

2,498 


1,314 

386 

1,472 

1,973 

880 

1,079 

5,845 

3,413 

879 

633 

798 

695 

190 

607 

330 


1,423 

921 

961 

3,531 

1,429 

1,906 

737 

1,376 


1,057 


1,806 
7,. 315 
1,578 
526 
1,795 


946 

"m 


182 
'i',858 


1,545 

2,285 
673 
1,393 
1,612 
1,034 
948 
1,408 
1,483 


554 
1,387 


824 

'i'oio 


303 

830 

2,113 

865 

48 

437 

964 

494 

1,433 

334 

689 

978 

173 

2,136 

2,571 

?  12,000 

14,889 

11,662 

775 

272 

161 

1,991 

486 

3,402 

879 

36 

1,197 

364 

1,396 

2,091 

735 

1,199 

5,571 

3,311 

866 

904 

912 

734 

410 

469 

565 

435 

1,377 

826 

832 

3,301 

1,460 

1,891 

661 

1,072 

94 

96 

909 

369 

1,992 

10,932 

1,489 

852 

?  1,900 

366 

215 

82 

462 

149 

297 

1,129 

1,811 

472 

1,104 

334 

4,151 

604 

106 

2,099 

378 

160 

1,495 

3,294 

690 

1,227 

1,660 

989 

978 

4,422 

1,408 

249 

86 

936 

689 

1,319 

1,432 

83R 

877 

1,228 

1,099 

83 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Old  Biver,  Ark 

Olds,  N.C 

Old  San  Marcial,  N.M. 
Old  Saybrook,  Conn... 

Old  Store,  S.C..^ 

Old  Texaa,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala. 

Oldtown,  111 

Oldtown,  Ky 

Old  Town,  Me 

Oldtown,  Md , 

Oldtown,  N.C 

Old  Town,  Va 

Old  Twentieth,  Ga 

Clean,  N.Y 

Olean,  N.Y 

Olean,  S.D 

Oleander,  Ala. 

Oley,  Pa , 

Olga,  N.D ^ 

Oliu,  Iowa 

Olin,  N.C 

Olln,  N.C 

Olio.  N.M 

Olive,  111 

Olive,  Ind 

Olive,  Ind 

Olive,  Iowa. 

Olive,  Kan 

Olive,  Mich 

Olive,  Mich 

Olive,  Neb 

Olive,  Neb 

Olife,  N.Y 

Olive,  0 

Olive,  0 

Olive,  Tex 

Olive  Branch,  Miss.... 

Olive  Branch,  Neb 

Olive  Creek,  Ore 

Olive  Hill,  Ky 

Olive  Hill,  N.C 

Oliver,  Mich 

Oliver,  Mich 

Oliver,  Mo 

Oliver,  0 

Oliver,  Pa. 

Oliver,  Pa 

Oliver,  Pa 

Oliver  Springs,  Ark... 
Oliver  Springs,  Tenn. 

Olivet,  Kan 

Olivet,  Mich 

Olivia,  Minn..... 

Olmsted,  111 

Olmsted,  O  

Olmsted  Falls,  0 

01ney,Ala 

Olney,  111 

Olney,  III 

Olney,  Md 

Olney,  Minn 

Olsburg,  Kan 

Olso,  S.D 

Olustee,  Fla 

Olympia,  Ky 

Olympia,  Wash. 

Olyphant,  Pa 

Omadi,  Neb 

Omaha,  Ark 

Omaha,  111 

Omaha,  Neb 

Omaha,  Neb 

Omaha,  Tex 

Omega,  Ark 

Omega,  Idaho 

Omega,  111 

Omega,  Iowa 

Omen,  Tex 

Omnia,  Kan 

Omphghent,  III 

Omro,  Minn 

Omro,  Wis 

Omro,  Wis 

Onaga,  Kan 

Onalaska,  Wis 

Onalaska,  Wis 

Onarga,  III 

Onarga,  111 

Onawa,  Iowa 

O'Neal,  Cal 

O'Neal,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

district 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

city 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


Jefferson 

Greene 

Socorro 

Middlesex 

Chesterfield.. .. 

Monroe 

Coffee 

Conecuh 

Dallas 

Perry 

Saint  Clair 

McLean 

Greenup 

Penobscot 

Alleghany 

Forsyth 

Grayson 

Paulding 

Cattaraugus.... 
Cattaraugus.... 

Spink 

Marshall 

Berks 

Cavalier 

Jones 

Iredell 

Iredell. 

San  Juan 

Madiaon 

Elkhart 

Saint  Joseph... 

Clinton 

Decatur 

Clinton 

Ottawa 

Butler 

Saline 

Ulster 

Meigs , 

Noble 

Hardin 

DeSoto 

Lancaster 

Grant 

Carter 

Person 

Huron 

Kalkaska 

Taney 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Mifflin 

Perry 

Crawford 

Anderson— 

Osage 

Eaton 

Renville 

Pulaski 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

Pickens 

Richland 

Richland 

Montgomery... 

Nobles 

Pottawatomie.. 

Brookings 

Baker-.' 

Bath 

Thurston 

Lackawanna... 

Dakota 

Boone 

Gallatin 

Douglas 

Thurston 

Morris 

Perry 

Boise 

Marion 

O'Brien 

Smith 

Cowley 

Madison 

Yellow  Med-.., 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Pottawatomie.. 

La  Crosse 

La  Crosse 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Monnnii 

San  Joaquin-.. 
Johnston 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,696 
2,855 


1,302 
2,105 
1,062 

284 
2,005 
1,456 
1,705 

804 
1,027 
2,352 
3,395 
1,194 
1,066 
3,084 
1,116 
6,575 
3,036 


1,291 
2,176 


362 
1,084 


852 
1,397 
1,901 
1.453 


1,372 
1,601 
601 
300 
2,927 
2,244 
2,332 


73 
749 
88 
56 
1,611 
194 


869 
1,064 
1,305 
l,.i86 

811 


582 

620 

48 

57 

1,817 

404 
1,353 
4,851 
3,512 
3,288 

284 


266 


1,232 

2,094 

915 

273 

187 

30,618 


1,055 


461 
1,308 

139 
2,694 
1,476 

242 
1,090 

826 
2,249 
1,061 

882 
2,740 
1,932 


1,452 

1,406 

111 

1,484 

2,363 

1,110 

425 

1,548 

1,673 

1,659 

613 

906 

2,190 

5,312 

871 

1,473 

3,400 

932 

11,507 

7,358 

181 

1,523 

2,098 

722 

519 

1,142 

81 

168 

697 

1,375 

2,111 

1,247 

309 

1,245 

1,968 

675 

1,193 

2,649 

2,051 

2,604 

383 

199 

779 

62 

186 

1,610 

692 

131 

867 

1,051 

1,362 

1,099 

969 

686 

643 

867 

790 

263 

203 

1,826 

342 

847 

4,951 

3,831 

3,216 

257 

186 

480 

435 

303 

4,698 

4,083 

1,028 

532 

428 

140,452 

498 

219 

45 

261 

1,031 

608 

503 

482 

1,472 

407 

2,270 

1,232 

423 

1,030 

1,587 

2,145 

994 

1,358 

3,287 

2,276 


174 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CiyiL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


O'Neal,  8.C 

O'Neal's  Mills,  Qa... 

Oneco,  111 

Oneida,  Cal 

Oneida,  Idaho ■ 

Oneida,  HI 

Oneida,  Iowa 

Oneida,  Iowa 

Oneida,  Kan 

Oneida,  Mich 

Oneida,  Neb 

Oneida,  N.Y 

Oneida,  Pa 

Oneida,  S.D 

Oneida,  S.D 

Oneida  Castle,  N.Y., 

O'Neil,  Ga , 

O'Neill,  Neb 

Oneka,  Minn 

Onekama,  Mich 

Oneonta,  N.Y , 

Oneonta,  N.Y , 

Oneota,  Minn 

Oneota,  S.D 

Onion  Peak,  Ore 

Onondaga,  Mich 

Onondaga,  N.Y 

Onota,  Mich 

Onslow,  Iowa 

Oustad,  Minn 

Ontario,  Cal 

Ontario,  Cal 

Ontario,  111 

Ontario,  N.Y 

Ontario,  N.D 

Ontario,  N.D 

Ontario,  Ore 

Ontario,  S.D 

Ontelaunee,  Pa 

Ontonagon,  Mich.... 

Ontwa,  Mich 

Ooltewah,  Tenn 

Oostanaula,  Ga 

Opelika,  Ala 

Opelika,  Ala 

Opelousas,  La 

Opequou,  Va 

Opequon,  W.  Va 

Ophdal,  S.D 

Ophir,  Cal 

Ophir,  Col 

Ophir,  Col 

Ophir,  111 

Ophir,  N.C 

Ophir,  Utah 

Opolis,  Kan 

Oppenheim,  N.Y.... 

Opposition,  Ga 

Ops,  N.D 

Ora,  III 

Ora,  N.D 

Oian,  111 

Oran,  Iowa 

Oran,  Mo 

Orange,  Cal 

Orange,  Cal 

Orange,  Conn 

Orange,  111 

Orange,  111 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  Iowa 

Orange,  Iowa 

Orange,  Iowa 

Orange,  Kan 

Orange,  Kan 

Orange,  Mass 

Orange,  Mich 

Orange,  Mich 

Orange,  Minn 

Orange,  Neb 

Orange,  N.H 

Orange,  N.J 

Orange,  N.Y 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  Pa 

Orange,  S.C 

Orange,  Tex 

Orange,  Vt 


Bank  of 
place. 


po8t-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist . 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 


County. 


Greenville 

Troup 

Stephenson 

Sierra 

Bingham 

Knox 

Delaware 

Tama 

Nemaha 

Eaton 

Kearney 

Madison 

Huntingdon 

Sanborn 

Sully 

Oneida. 

Talbot 

Holt 

Washington 

Manistee 

Otsego 

Otsego 

St.  Louis 

Brown 

Tillamook 

Ingham 

Onondaga 

Alger 

Jones 

Polk 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 

Knox 

Wayne 

Ramsey 

Wells 

Malheur 

Hand 

Berks 

Ontonagon 

Cass 

James 

Gordon 

Lee 

Lee 

Saint  Landry... 

Frederick 

Berkeley 

Hamlin 

Butte 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

La  Salle 

Montgomery.... 

Tooele 

Crawford 

Fulton 

Putnam 

Walsh 

Jackson 

Nelson 

Logan 

Fayette 

Scott 

Orange 

Orange 

New  Haven 

Clark 

Knox 

Fayette 

Noble 

Bush 

Black  Hawk.... 

Clinton 

Guthrie 

Lincoln 

Norton 

Franklin 

Ionia 

Kalkaska 

Douglas 

Dawes 

Grafton 

Essex 

Schuyler 

Ashland 

Carroll 

Cuyahoga 

Delaware 

Hancock 

Meigs 

Shelby 

Columbia 

Orangeburg 

Orange 

Orange 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,267 

1,452 

1,575 

182 


919 
1,453 

874 

163 
2,6.52 

348 
3,934 

353 


239 

1,312 

57 

379 

684 
4,461 
3,002 

123 


1,453 

6,358 

420 

233 


1,667 
2,962 


1,266 

780 

1,145 

263 

821 

6,487 

3,245 

1,676 

3,003 

1,606 


3,728 


130 
979 
501 
392 


1,845 
729 


1,048 


1,002 
874 


679 
3,341 
1,183 
1,130 

812 
2,037 
1,301 

861 
1,056 

400 

578 


3,169 

1,521 

324 

273 


335 

13,207 

2,020 

1,448 

1,327 

783 

1,227 

1,451 

922 

984 

901 

6,046 


731 


2,616 

1,541 

1,453 

168 

805 

699 

1,564 

773 

311 

2,930 

256 

6,083 

401 

209 

172 

317 

1,279 

1,226 

717 

1,082 

8,018 

6,272 

74 

394 

137 

1,392 

5,135 

161 

237 

178 

1,229 

683 

1,337 

2,611 

147 

72 

280 

142 

1,129 

1,664 

929 

233 

791 

6,875 

3,703 

1,572 

3,068 

1,739 

356 

2,210 

140 

113 

843 

586 

249 

178 

1,563 

884 

363 

1,629 

196 

943 

864 

271 

2,721 

866 

4,537 

1,169 

851 

751 

1,943 

1,060 

824 

866 

527 

604 

229 

4,668 

1,311 

383 

343 

306 

245 

18,844 

1,557 

1,294 

2,705 

806 

973 

1,448 

1,021 

1,012 

1,000 

7,696 

3,173 

589 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Orange,  Va 

Orange,  Wis 

Orangeburg,  Ky 

Orangeburg,  C.-H.,  S.C. 

Orange  City,  Iowa 

Orange  Creek,  Fla 

Orange  Park,  Fla 

Orangetown,  N.Y........ 

Orangeville,  III 

Orangeville,  Ind 

Orangeville,  Mich 

OrangevjUe,  N.Y 

Orangeville,  Utah 

Orangeville,  Utah 

Oraville,  111 

Orbisooia,  Pa 

Orcas  Island,  Wash 

Orchard,  Col 

Ord,  Neb 

Ord,  Neb 

Ord,  Neb.» 

OrderviUe,  Utah 

Orderville,  Utah 

Ordway,  Col 

Ordway,  S.D 

Oreana,  Idaho 

Oregon,  Cal 

Oregon,  Ga 

Oregon,  111 

Oregon,  111 

Oregon,  111 , 

Oregon,  Ind 

Oregon,  Ind 

Oregon,  Iowa 

Oregon,  Mich.... , 

Oregon,  Mo 

Oregon,  0 

Oregon,  Pa 

Oregon,  Wis 

Oregon,  Wis 

Oregon  City,  Ore  ........ 

Oregon  City,  Ore 

Orel,  111 

Orford,  N.H 

Organ,  N.M 

Orient,  Iowa 

Orient,  Iowa 

Orient,  Me , 

Orient,  Mich 

Orient,  N.Y 

Orient,  S.D 

Orion,  Ala 

Orion,  111 

Orion,  111 

Orion,  Mich 

Orion,  Mich , 

Orion,  Minn 

Orion,  Wis 

Oriska,  N.D 

Oriskany,  N.Y 

Oriskany  Falls,  N.Y.... 

Orland,  Cal 

Orland,  111 

Orland,  Me 

Orland,  S.D 

Orlando,  Fla 

Orlando,  Kan 

Orleans,  Cal 

Orleans,  Ind 

Orleans,  Ind 

Orleans,  Iowa 

Orleans,  Md 

Orleans,  Mass 

Orleans,  Mich 

Orleans,  Neb 

Orleans,  Neb 

Orleans,  N.Y 

Orleans,  Ore 

Ormond,  Fla 

Ormondsville,  N.C 

Omeville,  Me 

Oro,  Cal 

Oro  City,  Col 

Oro  City,  Col 

Oro  Grande,  Sec,  Cal.... 

Orono,  Iowa 

Orono,  Me 

Orono,  Minn 

Oronoco,  Minn 

Oronoko,  Mich 

Oroville,  Cal 

Orr,Ga 

Orrick,  Mo 

Orrick,  Mo 

Orrington,  Me.... 

Orrock,  Minn 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

poit-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

poet-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-town 

poet-twp 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

t(^wnsbip 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet-twp 


County. 


Orange 

Juneau 

Mason 

Orangeburg.. 

Sioux 

Lee..M 

Clay 

Rockland 

Stephenson.. 

Orange 

Barry 

Wyoming.... 

Emery 

Emery 

Jafkson 

Huntingdon. 

San  Juan 

Morgan 

Antelope 

Valley 

Valley 

Kane 

Kane 

Otero 

Brown 

Owyhee 

Butte 

Cobb 

Cass 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Clarke 

Starke 

Washington, 

Lapeer 

Holt 

Lucas 

Wayne 

Dane 

Dane 

Clackamas... 
Clackamasi.. 

Wayne 

Grafton 

Donna  Ana.. 

Adair 

Adair 

Aroostook.... 

Osceola 

Suffolk 

Faulk 

Pike 

Fulton 

Henry 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Olmsted , 

Richland 

Barnes 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Glenn , 

Cook 

Hancock .... 

Lake 

Orange 

Cheyenne.... 
Humboldt.... 

Orange 

Orange 

Winneshiek. 
Alleghany... 
Barnstable... 

Ionia 

Harlan , 

Harlan 

JefTerson 

Linn 

Volusia 

Greene 

Piscataquis.. 

Butte 

Lake 

Lake 

San  Bernardino 
Muscatine... 
Penobscot.... 
Hennepin.... 

Olmsted 

Berrien 

Butte 

Spalding 

Ray 

Ray 

Penobscot.... 
Sherburne... 


Popnlatton. 


1880.      1890. 


647 

638 
1,877 
2,140 

320 


8,077 

326 

815 

1,096 

1,164 


766 


181 
614 
614 


1,910 
1,241 


1,766 

1,088 
1,315 

706 
1,367 
1,420 

862 
2,321 

641 
1,514 

527 
1,707 
1,263 


1,060 


608 

31 

224 

508 

786 


1,286 
1,308 
604 
1,292 
429 
645 
733 


697 
598 
292 

1,208 

1, 


447 

1,830 

812 

636 

1,016 

1,294 

1,666 

970 

409 

2,318 

466 


601 
432 


621 
2,245 


916 
1,812 
1,743 
1,229 


193 

1,529 
368 

175 


671 

694 

1,957 

2,964 

1,246 

103 

228 

10,343 

347 

749 

968 

1,148 

363 

313 

126 

963 

643 

159 

289 

1,603 

1,208 

339 

289 

148 

631 

186 

1,010 

1,361 

763 

1,961 

1,666 

1,149 

773 

1,130 

1,296 

948 

3,160 

462 

1,436 

595 

3,167 

3,062 

1,586 

916 

101 

801 

130 

244 

707 

808 

156 

1,829 

1,289 

624 

1,297 

622 

639 

665 

201 

860 

625 

440 

1,163 

1,390 

300 

2,866 

139 

317 

1,865 

867 

668 

910 

1,217 

1,397 

1,149 

812 

2,196 

473 

239 

1,082 

492 

284 

618 

222 

668 

470 

2,790 

872 

789 

1,816 

1,787 

1,331 

1,682 

370 

1,406 

469 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Orr  Spring,  Tenn 

Orretown,  Pa 

Orrville,  Ala 

Orrville,  Ala , 

Orrville,  O 

Orthel,  Iowa 

Orting,  Wash , 

Orting,  Wash 

Ortonville,  Mich 

Ortonville,  Miun 

Ortonville,  Minn 

Orvil,  111 

Orvil,  NJ 

Orville,  Neb 

Orwell,  Minn 

Orwell,  N.Y 

Orwell,  0 

Orwell,  Pa 

Orwell,  Vt 

OrwigBburg,  Pa. 

Osage,  Ark , 

Osage,  Ark 

Osage,  Ark 

Osage,  111 

Osage,  Iowa 

Oaage,  Iowa. 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo , 

Osage,  Mo , 

Osage,  Mo ; 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo , 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Neb.... 

Osage  City,  Kan 

Osage  Mission,  Kan.. 

Osago,  N.D 

Osakis,  Minn 

Osakis,  Minn 

Osawatomie,  Kan 

Osawatomie,  Kan 

Osborn,  Mo 

Osborn,  0 

Osborn,  Pa 

Osborn,  Wis 

Osborne,  Kan.. 

Osborne,  Kan 

Osborne,  Minn 

Osburn,  Idaho 

Osburn,  Neb 

Oscar,  Minn , 

Osceola,  Ark 

Osceola,  111 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Ky 

Osceola,  Mich 

Osceola,  Mich 

Osceola,  Mich 

Osceola,  Minn 

Osceola,  Mo , 

Osceola,  Mo 

Osceola,  Neb „ 

Osceola,  Neb , 

Osceola,  N.Y 

Osceola,  Pa , 

Osceola,  S.D 

Osceola,  S.D 

Osceola,  Wis 

Osceola,  Wis 

Osceola  Mills,  Mich.. 

Osceola  Mills,  Pa 

Osceola  Mills,  Wis... 
Osceola  Mine,  Mich. 

Osco,  111 

Oscoda,  Mich 

Oscoda,  Mich 

Osgood,  Ind 

Osgood,  Neb 

Osgood, 0 

Oshawa,  Minn 

Oshkosh,  Minn 

Oshkosh,  Wis 

Oshkosh,  Wis 

Oshtemo,  Mich 

Osier,  Col 


Bank  of 
place. 


civil-dist 

poBt-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

borough 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Weakley , 

Franklin„ , 

Dallas 

Dallas „. 

Wayne 

Hancock 

Pierce , 

Pierce , 

Oakland , 

Big  Stone 

Big  Stone 

Logan 

Bergen 

Hamilton 

Otter  Tail 

Oswego 

Ashtabula. 

Bradford 

Addison 

Schuylkill 

Benton 

Carroll 

Newton 

La  Salle 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Crawford 

Labette 

Miami 

Bates 

Camden 

Cole 

Crawford 

Dent 

Henry 

Laclede... 

Miller 

Morgan 

Saint  Clair 

Vernon 

Otoe 

Osage 

Neosho 

Nelson 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Miami 

Miami 

De  Kalb 

Greene 

Alleghany 

Outagamie 

Osborne 

Sumner 

Pipe  Stone 

Shoshone 

Frontier 

Otter  Tail 

Mississippi 

Stark 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Franklin 

Green 

Houghton 

Livingston .... 

Osceola 

Renville 

Saint  Clair .... 
Saint  Clair..... 

Polk 

Polk , 

Lewis 

Tioga 

Brown , 

Grant - 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Polk 

Houghton ..... 

Clearfield 

Polk , 

Houghton 

Henry 

Iosco 

Iosco..... 

Ripley 

Lincoln 

Darke 

Nicollet 

Yellow  Med.. 
Winnebago... 
Winnebago... 
Kalamazoo.... 
Conejos 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


984 
302 

1,414 
270 

1,441 


308 

709 


1,521 


485 


1,650 

973 

1,307 

1,351 

792 

3,234 

563 

267 

1,104 

2,563 

2,012 

769 

1,234 

1,663 

1,394 

1,196 

1,330 

1,244 

1,196 

780 

258 

1,010 

1,041 

2,383 

1,022 


1,052 

660 

2,098 

1,306 


462 
262 
1,999 
681 
412 
656 


612 
719 
485 
244 


648 
317 
1,519 
2,401 
1,769 
856 
1.990 


1,022 

1,318 
72 

1,162 
373 

1,315 
527 
666 
790 


1,363 
1,297 


1,253 
311 


1,094 
1,998 
1,951 

758 


581 
207 

1,384 
15,748 

1,429 


1,183 

262 

1,467 

321 

1,765 

281 

986 

623 

313 

113 

768 

1,603 

1,690 

832 

191 

1,370 

936 

1,021 

1,265 

1,290 

3,737 

618 

394 

1,036 

2,346 

1,913 

1,006 

1,305 

2,159 

1,583 

1,193 

6,314 

1,930 

1,342 

1,046 

438 

1,161 

1,026 

3,155 

1,359 

694 

1,312 

600 

3,469 

1,097 

154 

479 

472 

3,618 

662 

373 

713 

221 

686 

1,174 

638 

267 

259 

665 

742 

458 

1,484 

572 

2,120 

859 

2,021 

3,630 

914 

1,.550 

163 

2,065 

995 

2,196 

947 

587 

838 

141 

284 

1,272 

1,067 

566 

1,730 

384 

1,413 

841 

3,848 

3,593 

841 

96 

242 

679 

349 

1,489 

22,836 

1,206 

167 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oskaloosa,  III 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa.... 
Oskaloosa,  Iowa.... 

Oskaloosa,  Kan 

Oskaloosa,  Kan 

Osnabrock,  N.D 

Osnaburg,  0 

Osolo,  Ind 

Osseo,  Minn 

Ossian,  Iowa 

Ossian,  N.Y 

Ossineke,  Mich 

Ossining,  N.Y 

Ossipee,  N.H 

Ostrander,  O 

Oswayo,  Pa 

Oswegatchie,  N.Y.. 

Oswego,  111 

Oswego,  III 

Oswego,  Kan 

Oswego,  Kan.„ 

Oswego,  N.Y„ 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Oswego,  Ore , 

Oswego,  Ore « 

Oswego  Falls,  N.Y. 

Oswichee,  Ala 

Osyka,  Miss. 

Otay,  Cal 

Otego,  111 

Otego,  N.Y 

Otho,  Ala. 

Otis,  Col 

Otis,  Col 

Otis,  Me 

Otis,  Mass 

Otis,  Minn 

Otis,  Neb 

Otisco,  Mich 

Otisco,  Minn 

Otisco,  N.Y 

Otisfield,  Me 

Otisville,  Mich 

Oto,  Iowa 

Oto,  Iowa 

Otoe,  Neb 

Otranto,  Iowa 

Otrey,  Minn 

Otsego,  Ind 

Otsego,  Mich 

Otsego,  Mich 

Otsego,  Minn 

Otsego,  N.Y 

Otsego,  Wis 

Otsego  Lake,  Mich 

Otselic,  N.Y 

Ottawa,  III 

Ottawa,  Ill._ 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Minn 

Ottawa,  O 

Ottawa,  O 

Ottawa,  O 

Ottawa,  Wis 

Otter,  Ark 

Otter,  Iowa. 

Otter,  Kan 

Otter,  Va _. 

Otter,  W.  Va 

Otter,  W.  Va 

Otter  Creek,  111 

Otter  Creek,  III 

Otter  Creek,  Ind.... 
Otter  Creek,  Ind.... 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Kan... 
Otter  Creek,  Ky.... 
Otter  Creek,  Neb... 
Otter  Creek,  N.C... 

Otter  Creek,  Pa 

Otter  Creek,  Wis.... 
Otter  Creek,  Wis.... 
Otter  Lake,  Mich... 

Otter  River,  Va 

Otter  Tail,  Minn.... 

Otterville,  111 

Otterville,  Mo 

Otterville,  Mo 

Otto,  111...  

Otto,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-towB 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

pos^town 

poat-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 


County. 


Clay 

Mahaska 

Mahaska 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Cavalier..™ 

Stark 

Elkhart 

Hennepin 

Winneshiek 

Livingston 

Alpena. 

Westchester 

Carroll 

Delaware 

Potter 

Saint  Lawrence 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Labette 

Labette 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Clackamas 

Clackamas 

Oswego 

Russell 

Pike 

San  Diego 

Fayette 

Otsego 

Henry 

Washington 

Washington 

Hancock 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Med 

Hamilton 

Ionia 

Waseca 

Onondaga 

Cumberland 

Genesee 

Woodbury 

Woodbury 

Otoe 

Mitchell 

Big  Stone 

Steubep 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Wright 

Otsego 

Columbia 

Otsego 

Chenango 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ottawa 

Le  Sueur 

Allen 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Waukesha 

Saline 

Warren 

Cowley 

Bedford 

Braxton 

Clay 

La  Salle 

Jersey 

Ripley 

Vigo 

Crawford 

Jackson 

Linn 

Lucas 

Tama 

Greenwood 

Clay 

Dixon 

Edgecombe 

Mercer 

Dunn 

Eau  Claire 

Lapeer 

Campbell 

Otter  Tail 

Jersey 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Kankakee 

Oceana 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,035 
7,985 
4,598 
2,000 
725 


2,298 

1,031 

206 

444 

1,204 

244 

8,769 

1,782 

269 

883 

2,881 

1,718 

663 

942 

2,351 

3,022 

21,116 

430 

96 

1,831 

2,868 

542 


1,023 
1,918 
1,776 


304 

785 

48 

546 

2,172 
916 

1,568 
927 
349 


1,013 

984 

138 

1,.347 

2,340 

1,000 

740 

4,690 

1,212 

696 

1,512 

7,598 

7,834 

1,236 

4,032 

662 

667 

7,669 

3,177 

1,293 

841 

375 

1,002 

446 

4,236 

2,138 

629 

926 

1,324 

1,696 

1,337 

676 

891 

930 

767 

997 

882 

372 


828 

530 

219 
1,060 

306 

3,834 

46 

223 
1,310 

505 
1,543 

148 


176 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Otto,  Minn 

Otto,  N.Y 

Otto,  Pa 

Ottumwa,  Iowa 

Ottumwa,  Kau 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ough,  Neb 

Ouray,  Col 

Ouray,  Col 

Ousley,  Ga 

Overbrook,  Kan 

Overfleld,  Pa 

Overisel,  Mich 

Overton,  Neb 

Overton,  Pa 

Overton,  Tex 

Ovid,  Idaho 

Ovid,  Mich 

Ovid,  Mich 

Ovid,  Mich 

Ovid,  N.Y 

Ovid,  N.Y 

Ovid,  N.D 

Owaeco,  N.Y 

Owatonna,  Minn 

Owatonna,  Minn 

Owatonna,  S.D 

Owego,  111 

Owego,  N.Y 

Owego,  N.D 

Owen,  Ala 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  111 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Iowa 

Owensborough,  Ky 

Owen's  Cross  Roads,  Ala 

Owensville,  Ind 

Owenton,  Ky 

Owenton,  Ky 

Owing's  Mills,  Md 

Owingsville,  Ky 

Owingsville,  Ky 

Owl  Creek,  Kan 

Owltown,  Ga 

Owosso,  Mich 

Owosso,  Mich 

Owyhee,  Ore 

Oxanna,  Ala 

Ox  Creek,  N.D 

Oxen  Hill,  Md 

Oxford,  Ala 

Oxford,  Ala 

Oxford,  Col 

Oxford,  Conn 

Oxford,  &c.,  Fla 

Oxford,  Ga 

Oxford,  Idaho 

Oxford,  III 

Oxford,  Ind 

Oxford,  Iowa. 

Oxford,  Iowa 

Oxford,  Iowa 

Oxford,  Kan 

O.xford,  Kan 

Oxford,  Kau 

Oxford,  Ky 

Oxford,  Ky 

Oxford,  Me 

Oxford,  Md 

Oxford,  Mass 

Oxford,  Mich 

Oxford,  Mich 

Oxford,  Minn 

Oxford,  Miss 

Oxford,  Neb 

Oxford,  N.J.. 

Oxford,  N.Y 

Oxford,  N.Y 

Oxford,  N.C 

Oxford,  N.C 

Oxford,  N.D 

Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  0 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

district 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Otter  Tall 

Cattaraugus.. . 

McKean 

Wapello 

Coffey 

Bradley 

Garland 

Hot  Spring.... 
Montgomery . 

Polk 

Dundy 

Ouray 

Ouray 

Lowndes 


Wyoming.... 

Allegan 

Dawson 

Bradford 

Rusk 

Bear  Lake... 

Branch 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Seneca 

Seneca 

La  Moure.... 

Cayuga 

Steele 

Steele 

Potter 

Livingston.., 

Tioga 

Ransom 

Escambia 

Dallas 

Lincoln 

Poinsett 

Pulaski 

Saline 

Winnebago.. 

Clarke 

Clinton 

Jackson 

Warrick 

Cerro  Gordo. 

Daviess 

Madison 

Gibson 

Owen 

Owen 

Baltimore.... 

Bath 

Bath 

Woodson 

Union 

Shiawassee.., 
Shiawassee... 

Malheur 

Calhoun 

Rolette 

Prince  George's 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Otero 

New  Haven. 

Sumter 

Newton 

Bingham 

Henry 

Benton 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Jones.... 

Johnson 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Scott 

Scott 

Oxford 

Talbot 

Worcester.... 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Isanti 

Lafayette 

Furnas 

Warren 

Chenango.... 
Chenango.... 

Granville 

Granville 

Rolette 

Butler 

Butler 

Coshocton..., 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,111 

4,277 

9,004 

753 

438 

172 

1,047 


477 


864 
1,011 


394 
1,611 


503 
353 


1,181 
3,174 
1,479 
3,569 
705 


1,297 

584 

3,161 


975 
9,884 


481 
949 
684 


862 

582 

879 

815 

1,540 

1,698 

1,517 

451 

6,231 


685 

3,717 

654 


2,576 
773 
768 


7,217 
2,501 


1,289 

2,207 

780 


1,120 


564 


1,367 

713 

1,436 

560 

1,397 

1,950 

1,052 

403 

906 

64 

1,655 

689 

2,604 

1,887 

851 

91 

1,534 


4,594 
.3,035 
1,209 
3,938 
1,349 


3,644 
1,743 
1,201 


456 

1,042 

2,429 

14,001 

1,014 

230 

157 

1,006 

418 

622 

289 

2,789 

2,534 

?  1,100 

172 

391 

1,788 

675 

776 

401 

274 

1,036 

2,836 

1,423 

3,651 

641 

54 

1,162 

556 

3,849 

144 

877 

9,008 

126 

916 

1,276 

522 

298 

943 

482 

762 

700 

1,170 

1,722 

1,475 

519 

9,837 

961 

759 

3,105 

847 

212 

2,911 

763 

738 

365 

1,191 

6,564 

79 

748 

250 

1,265 

2,628 

1,473 

368 

902 

3,414 

791 

609 

949 

808 

1,309 

515 

1,643 

1,911 

1,448 

665 

918 

83 

1,455 

1,135 

2,616 

2,080 

1,128 

235 

1,546 

428 

4,002 

3,138 

1,477 

5,793 

2,907 

73 

3,689 

1,922 

1,047 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oxford,  0 .., 

Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  O 

Oxford,  O 

Oxford,  Pa. ~.... 

Oxford,  Pa 

Oxford,  S.D 

Oxford,  Wis 

Oxford  Junction,  Iowa 

Oxmoor,  Ala 

Oyster  Bay,  N.Y 

Oysterville,  Wash.... 

Ozan,  Ark 

Ozan,  Ark 

Ozark,  Ala 

Ozark,  Ala 

Ozark,  Ark 

Ozark,  Ark 

Ozark,  Kan 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozawkie,  Kan 

Ozernoy,  Alaska 

Ozone  Park,  N.Y 

Pablo,  Fla 

Pablo  Beach,  Fla 

Pacheco,  Cal 

Pacific,  Cal 

Pacific,  Mo 

Pacific,  Wis 

Pacific  Grove,  Cal.... 
Pacific  Junction,  Iowa 

Packer,  Pa 

Packwaukee,  Wis 

Pacolet,  S.O 

Pacolet  Mills,  S.C 

Pactolus,N.C 

Paddock,  Minn 

Paddock,  Neb 

Paddock,  Neb 

Paden,  Ala 

Padonia,  Kan 

Padua,  111 

Paducah,  Ky 

Page,  N.D 

Pahaquarry,  N.J 

Pahreah,  Utah 

Pahsamaroi,  Idaho 

Paimute,  Alaska 

Painesville,  0 

Painesville,  0 

Paint,  Ky 

Paint,  0 ~ 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  Pa 

Paint,  Pa 

Paint  Creek,  Iowa. 

Painted  Post,  N.Y 

Painted  Woods,  N.D.... 

Painterhood,  Kan 

Paint  Rock,  Ala 

Paint  Rock,  Ala 

Paint  Rock,  Tex 

Paintsville,  Ky 

Paintsville,  Ky 

P^arito,  N.M 

Pajaro,  Cal 

Pt^jaro,  Cal 

Pakwik,  Alaska. 

Pala,  Cal 

Palarm,  Ark 

Palatine,  111 

Palatine,  111 

Palatine,  N.Y 

Palatine,  S.D 

Palatine,  W.  Va. 

Palatka,  Fla 

Palatka  Heights,  Fla... 

Palenville,  N.  Y 

Palermo,  Iowa 

Palermo,  Me 

Palermo,  N.Y 

Palestine,  Ark 

Palestine,  Ark 

Palestine,  Fla 

Palestine,  III 

Palestine,  111 

Palestine,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post  town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

iwst-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

poet- town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Delaware 

Erie 

Guernsey  ... 
Tuscarawas.. 

Adams 

Chester 

Hamlin 

Marquette... 

Jones 

JefTerson 

Queens 

Pacific 

Hempstead.. 
Hempstead.. 

Dale 

Dale 

Franklin 

Polk 

Anderson 

Barry 

Barton 

Christian 

Lawrence.... 

Texas 

Webster 

Jefferson 


Queens 

Duval i. 

Duval 

Contra  Costa.. 

Humboldt 

Franklin 

Columbia........ 

Monterey 

Mills 

Carbon 

Marquette 

Spartanbui^. . 
Spartanburg.., 

Pitt 

Otter  Tail 

Gage 

Holt 

Cherokee 

Brown 

McLean 

McCracken 

Cass 

Warren 

Kane , 

Custer 


Lake „ 

Lake 

Morgan 

Fayette. 

Highland.... 

Holmes 

Madison 

Ross 

Wayne 

Clarion 

Somerset...., 
Allamakee . 

Steuben 

Burleigh 

Elk 

Jackson 

Marshall..... 
Concho........ 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Bernalillo... 
Monterey...., 
Santa  Cruz., 


San  Diego 

Faulkner......'. 

Cook 

Cook 

Montgomery.. 

Aurora 

Marion 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Greene 

Grundy 

Waldo 

Oswego 

Bradley , 

Saint  Francis., 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Randolph 

Woodford 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,266 

1,616 

1,968 

861 

1,502 


632 
349 
648 
11,923 
125 
4,021 


1,712 
512 
824 
340 
636 


250 

235 
1,644 

476 
2,633 

965 


400 
2,293 
1,276 

249 


123 

496 

691 

1,851 


2,898 

14 

712 


756 
1,606 
8,036 


418 
94 


5,616 
3,841 

968 
2,046 
2,476 
1,381 
1,429 
1,153 
1,474 

673 
1,236 
1,156 

701 


638 
"713 


1,805 
310 


743 
1,974 

731 
2,786 


665 
1,616 


1,523 

1,118 

1,996 

629 


371 
736 


1,504 

177 


1,306 

1,041 

1,604 

2,319 

906 

1,711 

287 

567 

762 

656 

13,870 

197 

4,318 

91 

3,067 

1,195 

862 

1,049 

1,021 

792 

1,540 

490 

1,842 

755 

2,536 

1,078 

46 

639 

282 

267 

232 

3,120 

1,184 

265 

1,336 

744 

666 

711 

2,668 

1,125 

1,768 

317 

1,103 

626 

786 

928 

1,264 

12,797 

205 

291 

61 

84 

66 

7,558 

4,766 

1,366 

2,326 

2,269 

1,264 

1,129 

1,074 

1,333 

600 

1,451 

1,082 

688 

117 

682 

1,429 

746 

323 

1,304 

506 

381 

1,428 

4,821 

93 

215 

1,160 

2,049 

891 

2,871 

268 

860 

3,039 

464 

668 

1,788 

887 

1,607 

768 

163 

364 

732 

632 

1,270 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Palestine,  Iowa 

Palestine,  Kan 

Palestine,  Mo 

Palestine,  Tenn 

Palestine,  Tex 

Palisade,  Neb 

Palisade,  Neb 

Palisade,  Neb 

Palisade,  N.J 

Palisade,  S.D , 

Palm  City,  Cal 

Palmer,  111 

Palmer,  Kan , 

Palmer,  Ky , 

Palmer,  Mass 

Palmer,  Mich 

Palmer,  Minn 

Palmer,  O 

Palmer,  0 

Palmer,  Pa. 

Palmer,  Tex , 

Palmer  Lake,  Col 

Palmer's  Springs,  Va.... 

Palmersville,  N.C 

Palmersville,  Tenn 

Palmetto,  Ala 

Palmetto,  Fla 

Palmetto,  Fla 

Palmetto,  Ga 

Palmetto,  Ga 

Palmetto,  S.C 

Palmyra,  Ga 

Palmyra,  111 

Palmyra,  111 

Palmyra,  lud 

Palmyra,  Iowa 

Palmyra,  Kan 

Palmyra,  Ky 

Palmyra,  Me 

Palmyra,  Mich 

Palmyra,  Minn 

Palmyra,  Mo 

Palmyra,  Neb 

Palmyra,  N.Y 

Palmyra,  N.Y 

Palmyra,  N.C 

Palmyra,  N.C 

Palmyra,  0 

Palmyra,  Pa...; 

Palmyra,  Pa 

Palmyra,  Pa 

Palmyra,  S.D 

Palmyra,  Va 

Palmyra,  Wis 

Palmyra,  Wis 

Palo  Alto,  Iowa 

Palo  Alto,  Pa 

Palocky,  Kan 

Palos,  111 

Palouse,  Wash 

Palouse  Bridge,  Idaho.. 

Pamelia,  N.Y 

Pamplin  City,  Va 

Paua,  111 

Pana,  111 

Panaca,  Nev 

Panama,  Fla 

Panama,  Iowa 

Panama,  Neb 

Panama,  N.Y 

Panguitch,  Utah 

Pan  Handle,  Ga 

Pan  Handle,  Ga 

Pan  Handle,  Ga 

Pan  Handle,  Ky 

Panola,  111 

Panola  Station,  III 

Panora,  Iowa 

Pantego,  N.C 

Pantego,  N.C 

Panther  Branch,  Ky.... 
Panther  Branch,  N.C... 

Panther  Creek,  Ga 

Panther  Creek,  Ky 

Panther  Creek,  Tenn... 
Panther  Springs,  Tenn. 

Pauthersville,  Gra 

Panton,  Vt 

Paola,  Kan , 

Paula,  Kan 

Paoli,  Ind 

Paoli,  Ind , 

Paonia,  Col , 

Papillion,  Neb , 

Papillion,  Neb 

Papineau,  111 

m 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

city 

Tillage 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

miL-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

poet-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Story 

Sumner 

Cooper 

Lewis 

Anderson 

Hayes 

Hitchcock 

Hitchcock 

Bergen 

Minnehaha.... 

San  Diego , 

Christian , 

Washington... 

Anderson 

Hampden 

Marquette 

Sherburne 

Putnam 

Washington.... 
Northampton.. 

Ellis , 

El  Paao 

Mecklenburg.. 

Stanly , 

Weakley 

Pickens 

Manatee 

Manatee 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Darlington 

Lee 

Lee 

Macoupin 

Knox 

Warren 

Douglas 

Trimble 

Somerset 

Lenawee 

Benville 

Marion 

Otoe 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Portage 

Lebanon  

Pike 

Wayne 

Brown 

Fluvanna 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Jasper 

Schuylkill 

Ellsworth 

Cook 

Whitman 

Latah 

Jefferson 

Appomattox.... 

Christian 

Christian 

Lincoln 

Duval 

Shelby 

Lancaster 

Chautauqua.. .. 

Garfield 

Clayton 

Stewart 

Taylor 

Livingston 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Guthrie 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Morgan 

Wake 

Coweta 

Graves 

Stewart 

Hamblen 

De  Kalb 

Addison 

Miami 

Miami 

Orange 

Orange 

Delta 

Saipy 

Sarpy 

Iroquois 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,302 
636 

1,703 
405 

2,997 


2,302 


364 

125 

1,434 

5,504 

'*io5 

929 

591 

2,022 

63 

'2^*344 

T,829 
365 


1,354 

473 
1,638 
3,190 
1,118 

222 
1,278 
1,122 
2,478 

739 
1,271 
1,959 

308 
2,479 
1,.392 
4,435 
2,308 
2,425 

'i',io5 

531 

667 

2,727 

"2^099 
1,361 
598 
1,465 
1,588 

*i',209 
148 

'i'lij 

117 
4,233 
3,009 


649 

473 

846 

1,146 

795 
900 

1,132 

127 

795 

2,136 

71 

596 

1,462 

1,049 

1,419 

891 

2,503 
419 
1,008 
2,312 
2,510 
696 

""943 

444 

1,469 


1,436 

6=32 

1,744 

636 

5,838 

126 

365 

126 

2,590 

707 

39 

432 

203 

1,172 

6,520 

1,011 

204 

1,864 

541 

2,396 

250 

213 

2,114 

317 

1,874 

507 

634 

224 

1,375 

552 

816 

2,147 

1,016 

505 

1,241 

895 

2,772 

674 

1,004 

1,765 

552 

2,515 

1,637 

4,188 

2,131 

2,301 

114 

1,392 

768 

810 

929 

172 

1,788 

1,357 

667 

1,088 

1,425 

404 

998 

1,119 

770 

1,104 

294 

6,143 

5,077 

324 

547 

379 

814 

379 

1,015 

1,060 

812 

1,184 

254 

971 

132 

809 

2,515 

151 

915 

1,607 

1,237 

1,323 

796 

1,082 

1,140 

382 

762 

2,943 

2,719 

707 

271 

1,269 

600 

1,267 


Name  of  place  and 
•tate. 


Papineau,  111 

Parachute,  Col 

Paraclifta,  Ark 

Paradise,  Cal 

Paradise,  111 

Paradise,  111 

Paradise,  Iowa 

Paradise,  Kan 

Paradise,  Kan 

Paradise,  Ky 

Paradise,  Mich 

Paradise,  Ore 

Paradise,  Pa 

Paradise,  Pa 

Paradise,  Pa 

Paradise,  Utah 

Paradise,  Wash 

Paradox,  Col 

Paragouah,  Utah 

Paragould,  Ark 

Paraje,  N.M 

Paris,  Ark 

Paris,  Idaho .V 

Paris,  Idaho 

Paris,  111 

Paris,  111 

Paris,  Iowa 

Paris,  Kan 

Paris,  Ky 

Paris,  Ky 

Paris,  Me 

Paris,  Me 

Paris,  Mich 

Paris,  Mich 

Paris,  Mo 

Paris,  N.Y 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  Tenn 

Paris,  Tsx 

Paris,  Wis 

Paris,  Wis 

Parish,  N.Y 

Parish,  N.Y 

Parish  Grove,  Ind.. 

Parishville,  N.Y 

Parishville,  N.Y 

Paris  Mountain,  S.C... 

Park,  Cal 

Park,  Col 

Park,  Kan 

Park,  Mich , 

Park,  Minn 

Park,  Neb 

Park,  N.D 

Park,  N.D 

Park,  S.D 

Park  City,  Mont 

Park  City,  Utah 

Park  City,  Utah.. , 

Parkdale,  Col 

Parker,  Ala 

Parker,  Ark , 

Parker,  Fla , 

Parker,  111 , 

Parker,  Kan 

Parker,  Kan 

Parker,  Ky , 

Parker,  Minn 

Parker,  Minn 

Parker,  Ore 

Parker,  Pa 

Parker,  S.D 

Parker  City,  Pa. 

Parkersburg,  Dl 

Parkersburg,  Iowa 

Parkersburg,  Md 

Parkersburg,  Ore 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

Parker  Sch.  H'8e,Tenn. 
Parker's  Prairie,  Minn. 

Parkersville,  Kan 

Parkesburg,  Pa 

Parkland,  Ky 

Parkmau,  Me 

Parkman,  0 

Park  Place,  Wash 

Park  RapidJs,  &c.,  Minn. 

Park  Ridge,  111 

Park  River,  N.D 

i  Parks,  Ark 

Parks,  Ark 

Parks,  Ga 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

poet-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poet-viU 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

borough 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

city 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mU.-diBt 


Oounty. 


Iroquois 

Garfield 

Sevier 

San  Diego.... 

Coles 

Perry 

Crawford 

Rooks 

Russell 

Muhlenburg, 
Grand  Traverse 

Wallowa 

Lancaster..., 

Monroe 

York 

Cache 

Klikitat 

Montrose.... 

Iron 

Greene 

Socorro 

Logan...'..... 
Bear  Lake. . 
Bear  Lake. . 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Howard 

Linn 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Huron 

Kent 

Monroe 

Oneida 

Portage 

Stark 

Stark- 

Union 

Henry 

Lamar 

Grant 

Kenosha 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Benton 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Greenville 

Yuba 

Jefferson 

Sedgwick 

Saint  Joseph.. 

Clay , 

Deuel 

Pembina 

Richland 

Hand , 

Yellowstone..., 

Summit 

Summit 

Fremont 

Escambia , 

Nevada 

Washing^n^., 

aark 

Montgomery.., 

Morris 

Edmonson 

Marshall 

Morrison 

Baker 

Butler 

Turner 

Armstrong 

Richland 

Butler 

Alleghany 

Coos 

Wood 

Wood 

Gibson 

Otter  Tail 

Morris 

Chester 

Jefferson 

Piscataquis 

Geauga 

Snohomish 

Hubbard 

Cook 

Walsh 

Montgomery... 

Scott : 

Greene 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


61 


603 


1,122 
608 
374 
600 
584 

1,794 
555 


2,619 
688 

1,372 
512 


256 


611 
5,769 
4,373 

921 
1,500 
6,489 
3,204 
2,931 

338 
1,497 
2,038 
1,263 
3,573 

666 
2,639 

229 
3,718 
1,767 
3,980 

876 
1,002 
1,817 

402 

603 
2,384 

496 
1,473 

372 


406 
1,283 


1,581 
1,542 


640 
936 


801 
1,527 
1,002 
1,549 


74 


2,516 
113 

1,835 
268 
652 
100 


7,869 

6,582 

830 

431 


817 


1,005 
961 


467 


427 
931 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Parks,  Neb 

Parks,  Pa 

Parks,  Tenn 

Parksborough,  Ga 

Park  Springs,  Tenn.. 

Parkston,  S.l> 

Parksville,  Ky 

Parkaville,  N.C 

Park  Valley,  Utah.... 

Parkville,  Col 

Parkville,  Mo 

Parkville,  N.Y 

Pwley  Park,  Utah.... 

Parliu,  Col 

Parma,  Mich 

Parma,  Mich 

Parma,  N.Y 

Parma,  O 

Parmleysville,  Ky.... 

Parnassiu,  Pa 

Paruell,  Kan 

Parnell,  Ky 

Parnell,  Minn 

Paruell,  Miun 

Parnell,  Mo 

Parnell,  Neb 

Paruell,  S.D 

Parowan,  Utah 

Parrish,  Wis 

Parrottsville,  Tenn... 

Parry ville,  Pa 

Parson  Creek,  Mo 

Parsons,  Ala 

Parsijiis,  Kan 

Parsons,  Md 

Parsons,  Pa 

Parson's  Creek,  Md... 

Parf>ousfield,  Me 

Partee,  Ga 

Partridge,  111 

-Pasadena,  Cal 

Pasadena,  Cal 

Pasco,  Wash 

Paskenta,  Cal 

Paso  Robles,  Cal 

Pass,  Cal 

Passadumkeag,  Me... 

Passaic,  N.J 

Passaic,  N.J 

Pass  Christian,  Miss.. 
Pass  Christian,  Miss.. 

Pass  Creek,  Ore 

Passmore,  Ga 

Pastolik,  Alaska 

Paatoria,  Ark 

Pastures,  Va 

Pataskala,  O 

Pataula,  Ga 

Patch  Grove,  Wis 

Patersou,  N.J 

Patesville,  Ky 

Patoka,  111 

Patoka,  111 , 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Paton,  Iowa .,,, 

Paton,  Iowa 

Patrick,  Ga 

Patriot,  Ind 

Patten,  Me 

Patterson,  111 

Patterson,  Iowa , 

Patterson,  La 

Patterson,  N.Y 

Patterson,  N.C 

Patterson,  N.C 

Patterson,  N.C 

Patterson,  0 

Patterson,  0 

Patterson,  Pa 

Patterson,  Pa 

Patton,  111 

Patton,  Pa 

Patton,  Pa , 

Patton,  S.D 

Pattonsburg,  Mo 

Patuxent,  Md 

Paul,  Ala 

Paulding,  0 

Paulding,  0 , 

Panllina,  Iowa 

Paupack,  Pa 

Pavilion,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

city 

district 

post-boro' 

district 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

beat 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

[)08t-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

poit-twp 


County. 


Dundy 

Armstrong .. 

Moore 

Jackson 

Weakley 

Hutchinson. 

Boyle 

Perquimans. 
Box  Elder... 

Saguache 

Platte 

Kings 

Summit 

Gunnison 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Monroe.. 

Cuyahoga,... 

Wayne 

Westmoreland.. 

Sheridan 

Wayne 

Polk 

Traverse 

Nodaway 

Greeley 

Brookings 

Iron 

Langlade 

Cocke 

Carbon 

Liun 

Tuscaloosa 

Labette 

Wicomico 

Luzerne 

Dorchester 

York 

Greene 

Woodford 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

Franklin 

Tehama. 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Bernardino 

Penobscot 

Morris 

Passaic 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Douglas 

Wilkinson 


Jefferson 

Augusta 

Licking 

Stewart 

Grant 

Passaic 

Hancock 

Marion 

Marlon 

Crawford 

Dubois 

Gibson 

Gibson 

Pike 

Greene 

Greene 

Putnam 

Switzerland 

Penobscot 

Greene 

Madison 

Saint  Mary's.... 

Putnam 

Alamance 

Caldwell 

Durham 

Darke 

Hardin 

Beaver 

Juniata 

Ford 

Alleghany 

Centre 

Aurora 

Daviess 

Charles 

Coffee 

Paulding 

Paulding 

O'Brien 

Wayne 

I  Kalamazoo 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


716 

345 

1,416 

1,261 


220 

1,548 

275 


482 
"2(X) 


1,418 
482 
3,180 
1,444 
1,543 
620 


957 


1,364 

657 

1,628 

619 

4,199 

1,283 

1,498 

1,928 

1,613 

973 

469 


391 
1,643 


302 
1,896 
6,532 
2,702 
1,410 
613 
934 


1,230 

3,991 

634 

946 

826 

51,031 


1,.^66 

444 

1,618 

1,997 

6,017 

775 

2,039 

636 

84 

901 

467 

716 


186 

500 

1,679 

816 

1,038 

1,642 

1,280 

386 

130 

763 

3,139 

1,730 

761 


399 
1,291 


1,065 


628 
1,138 


216 

704 

322 

1,527 

1,454 

262 

160 

1,690 

196 

68 

769 

831 

465 

89 

1,175 

490 

2,912 

1,478 

1,718 

516 

202 

253 

140 

318 

267 

163 

382 

937 

392 

1,257 

605 

1,690 

632 

6,736 

1,566 

2,412 

1,914 

1,398 

600 

605 

7,222 

4,882 

480 

813 

827 

184 

343 

1,821 

13,028 

3,654 

1,705 

1,440 

886 

113 

1,730 

3,554 

668 

497 

690 

78,347 

162 

1,501 

502 

1,815 

4,210 

6,530 

729 

8,095 

892 

245 

608 

434 

936 

1,385 

133 

1,414 

1,402 

928 

1,183 

1,768 

1,712 

247 

529 

826 

3,569 

2,173 

1,046 

124 

632 

1,150 

274 

4,492 

1,879 

510 

688 

1,014 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pavilion,  N.Y 

Paw  Creek,  N.C 

Pawlet,Vt 

Pawling,  N.Y 

Pawling,  N.Y 

Pawnee,  111 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee  City,  Neb.... 
Pawnee  City,  Neb.... 
Pawnee  Rock,  Kan.. 
Pawnee  Uock,  Kan.., 

Paw  Paw,  111 

Paw  Paw,  Ind 

Paw  Paw,  Kan 

Paw  Paw,  Mich 

Paw  Paw,  Mich 

Paw  Paw,  W.  Va 

Paw  Paw,  W.  Va 

Pawtucket,  B.I 

Paxon,  Kan 

Paxton,  111 

Paxtoo,  Kan 

Paxton,  Mass 

Paxton,  Minn 

Paxton,  Neb 

Paxton,  0 

Payette,  Idaho 

Paymaster,  Cal 

Payne,  Kan 

Payne,  Kan 

Payne,  Ky 

Payne,  0 

Payne's  Depot,  Ky... 

Paynesville,  Ala 

Paynesville,  Minn... 
Paynesville,  Minn... 

Payson,  111 

Payson,  Utah 

Peabody,  Kan 

Peabody,  Kan 

Peabody,  Mass 

Peacham,  Vt 

Peach  Bottom,  Pa.... 

Peachland,  N.C 

Peach  Orchard,  111... 
Peach  Orchard,  Ky.. 

Peach  Tree,  Cal 

Peach  Tree,  Ga. 

Peacock,  Ala 

Peacock,  Ga 

Peaine,  Mich 

Peak  Creek,  N.C 

Peak's  Mill,  Ky 

Peale,  Pa 

Pearce,  Ala 

Pearce,  Ky 

Pearces,  Ga 

Pea  Ridge,  111 

Pearisburg,  Va 

Pearisburg,  Va. 

Pea  River,  Ala 

Pearl,  III 

Pearl,  111 

Pearl,  S.D 

Pearl,  S.D 

Pearl,  S.D 

Pearl  Creek,  S.D 

Pearlineton,  Miss.... 

Pearsali,  Tex 

Pearson,  Ga 

Pearson,  Ga 

Pearson  Mills,  Tenn 

Pease,  0 

Peavine,  Ga 

Pebble,  Neb 

Pebble,  0 

Pecan,  Ark 

Pecatonica,  111 

Pecatonica,  111 

Peckham,  Neb 

Pecos,  N.M 

Peculiar,  Mo 

Pedlar,  Va 

Peebles,  0 

Pee  Dee,  N.C 

Pee  Dee,  8.C 

Pee  Dee,  8.0 

Pee  Pee,  0 

Peek's  Hill,  Ala 

Peeksklll,  N.T 

Peeples,  8.C 

Pekin,  111 

Pekin,  111 

Pekin,  Md 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-beat 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 


County. 


Genesee , 

Mecklenburg.. 

Rutland , 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Sangamon 

Bourbon  

Pawnee 

Smith 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Barton 

Barton 

De  Kalb 

Wabash 

Elk 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Marion , 

Morgan 

Providence 

Pratt , 

Ford.._ 

Logan 

Worcester , 

Redwood 

Keith 

Boss 

Ada 

San  Diego 

Gove 

Sedgwick 

Knox 

Paulding 

Scott 

Sumter..., , 

Stearns , 

Stearns , 

Adams. 

Utah 

Marion , 

Marion 

Essex , 

Caledonia 

York 

Anson , 

Ford., 

Lawrence 

Monterey 

Fnlton 

Coffee 

Washington... 

Manitou 

Ashe , 

Franklin 

Clearfield 

Marlon , 

Rowan 

Decatur 

Brown 

Giles 

Giles 

Barbour 

Pike , 

Pike i , 

Hand 

McCook , 

Sully 

Beadle 

Hancock 

Frio 

Coffee 

Twiggs , 

Crockett , 

Belmont , 

Walker 

Dodge , 

Pike.. 

Mississippi , 

Winnebago 

Winnebago...., 

Lincoln , 

San  Miguel 

Cass , 

Amherst , 

Adams 

Montgomery.. 

Florence 

Georgetown... 

Pike 

Calhoun 

Westchester... 

Hampton 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Alleghany 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,649 
1,739 
1,696 
2,006 

580 
1,131 

800 

672 
1,634 
1,332 

763 

493 
84 

909 
2,130 

951 
2,707 
1,482 
2,081 


19,030 


1,725 


592 
259 


2,119 


524 
1,919 


1,044 

405 

127 

29,243 

1,788 

1,585 

1,087 

9,028 

1,041 

2,130 


747 
1,020 


646 
2,092 

666 
1,913 
2,513 


477 

425 

1,094 

2,677 

286 

814 

845 

73 


1,301 


1,020 

878 

1,161 

8,819 

904 


1,594 

764 

1,847 

1,029 


1,069 
6,666 


742 
1,776 
3,341 
2,726 
1,328 
6,893 
4,73S 
6,164 
5,993 

605 

179 


1,581 

1,938 

1,746 

1,949 

630 

1,404 

1,114 

319 

526 

2,214 

1,560 

674 

204 

850 

2,294 

934 

2,450 

1,391 

2,311 

772 

27,633 

404 

2,187 

224 

445 

423 

608 

1,888 

691 

38 

311 

708 

2,265 

1,146 

660 

1,046 

697 

352 

33,313 

2,135 

2,118 

1,474 

10,158 

892 

2,198 

58 

1,008 

1,973 

1,103 

1,188 

1,152 

904 

383 

1,033 

1,893 

600 

678 

502 

?400 

1,012 

2,969 

341 

904 

1,256 

928 

123 

365 

73 

216 

1,598 

766 

1,946 

?800 

1,294 

12,994 

1,143 

871 

1,268 

1,047 

1,796 

1,059 

206 

673 

917 

4,993 

358 

838 

2,172 

4,048 

2,588 

886 

9,676 

5,128 

6,537 

6,347 

424 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pelahatchee,  Miss 

Pelahatchee,  Miss 

Pelham,  Ala 

Pelliam,  Ga 

Pelham,  Mass 

Pelham,  N.H 

Pelham,  N.Y 

Pelham,  N.C 

Pelican,  Minn 

Pelican,  S.D 

Pelican,  Wis 

Pelican,  Wig 

Pelican  Lake,  Minn 

Pelican  Rapids,  Minn.. 

Pella,  Col 

Pella,  111 

Pella,  Iowa 

Pella,  Wis 

Pellville,  Ky 

Pellville,  Ky 

Pelot  Chapel,  Fla. 

Pelzer,  S.C 

Pemberton,  N.J 

Pemberton,  N.J_ 

Pemberville,  0 

Pembina,  N.D 

Pembina,  N.D 

Pembroke,  111 

Pembroke,  Ky 

Pembroke,  Ky 

Pembroke,  Me 

Pembroke,  Mass 

Pembroke,  N.H 

Pembroke,  N.Y 

Pembroke,  Va 

Pembrook,  S.D 

Pemiscot,  Mo 

Pena  Blanca,  N.M 

Pena  Blanca,  N.M 

Pena  Flor,  N.M 

Pen  Argyl,  Pa 

Penasco,  N.M 

Penasco  Blanco,  N.M... 

Pencader,  Del 

Pence,  Ala , 

Pence,  Wis 

Penco,  Ga 

Pender^  Neb 

Pender,  Neb 

Pendleton,  Ark 

Pendleton,  111 

Pendleton,  Ind 

Pendleton,  Mo 

Pendleton,  N.Y 

Pendleton,  Ore 

Pendleton,  S.C 

Pendleton,  S.C , 

Penfleld,  Ga 

Penfield,  N.Y 

Penfleld,  0 

Penfield,  Pa. 

Peninsula,  Mich 

Peninsula,  0 

Penn,  111 

Penn,  111 

Penn,  Ind 

Penn,  Ind 

Penn,  Ind 

Penn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Kan 

Penn,  Mich 

Penn,  Minn 

Penn,  Mo 

Penn,0 

Penn,0 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa ^ 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa , 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa. 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa , 

Penn,  S.C 

Pennfield,  Mich 

Penn  Forest,  Pa 

180 


Bank  of 
place. 


beat 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post- tow  II 

po8t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

township 

city 

pos^twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

precinct 

hundred 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Connty. 


Rankin 

Rankin 

Shelby 

Mitchell 

Hampshire 

Hillsborough.... 

Westchester 

Caswell 

Otter  Tail 

Codington 

Forest 

Oneida- 

Grant 

Otter  Tail.. ...... 

Boulder 

Ford 

Marion 

Shawano 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Hillsborough.... 

Anderson 

Burlington 

Burlington....... 

Wood 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Kankakee 

Christian 

Christian 

Washington 

Plymouth 

Merrimack 

Genesee 

Giles 

EMmunds 

Pemiscot 

Bernalillo 

San  Miguel 

Colfax 

Northampton... 

Taos 

San  Miguel 

New  Castle 

Dallas 

Ashland 

Wilkes 

Thurston 

Thurston 

Desha. 

Jefferson 

Madison 

Saint  Fran9ois.. 

Niagara 

Umatilla 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Greene 

Monroe 

Lorain 

Clearfield 

Grand  Traverse 

Summit 

Shelby 

Stark 

Jay 

Parke 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Guthrie 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

MculisoD 

Osborne 

Cass 

McLeod 

Sullivan 

Highland 

Morgan 

Alleghany. .. 

Berks 

Butler 

Centre 

Chester 

Clearfield 

Cumberland. 
Huntingdon 
Lancaster.... 

Lycoming. 

Perry 

Snyder 

Westmoreland.. 
Westmoreland., 

York 

Williamsburg... 

Calhoun 

Carbon 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,574 
117 


168 
614 
848 
2,540 
2,113 
644 


860 

2,430 

586 


2,885 
799 
644 


287 
223 
2,606 
202 
2,324 
1,406 
2,797 
2,845 
1,961 


644 


572 


2,360 
1,406 


1,558 

614 

958 

1,730 

730 

2,559 

672 

1,357 

2,955 

735 

299 

849 

488 

662 

1,216 

1,710 

1,552 

4,958 

2,354 

1,727 

702 

1,212 

1,495 

1,527 

496 

1,713 

1,507 

1,245 

3,291 

1,530 

1,131 

814 

739 

611 

1,521 

998 

2,269 

793 

1,771 

1,373 

2,798 

604 

1,962 

1,481 

1.072 

653 


2,873 

139 

493 

385 

486 

791 

3,941 

1,546 

629 

219 

180 

2,949 

471 

624 

383 

860 

2,408 

816 

2,567 

119 

180 

1,878 

2,639 

834 

843 

1,268 

670 

246 

2,577 

466 

1,514 

1,320 

3,172 

2,679 

2,051 

108 

662 

673 

324 

310 

2,108 

641 

181 

2,126 

1,332 

409 

1,019 

624 

429 

482 

1,511 

996 

2,184 

1,514 

2,506 

2,806 

476 

1,753 

2,845 

708 

603 

957 

562 

615 

1,022 

2,010 

1,260 

6,678 

2,102 

1,283 

638 

773 

552 

1,530 

592 

1,836 

1,266 

1,110 

2,932 

1,282 

1,814 

978 

632 

806 

1,415 

934 

2,216 

877 

1,965 

1,261 

3,811 

931 

1,501 

1,951 

1,047 

627 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pennington,  Ark 

Pennsborough,  W.  Va.. 

Pennsburg,  Pa 

Pennsbury,  Pa 

Pennsylvania,  111 

Pennville,  Ind 

Pennville,  Pa 

Penn  Yan,  N.Y 

Peno,  Mo 

Penobscot,  Me 

Penrod,  Ky 

Penryn,  Cal 

Pensacola,  Fla 

Pensacola,  N.C 

Pensaukee,  Wis 

Pentland,  Mich 

Pentwater,  Mich 

Pentwater,  Mich 

Peoa,  Utah 

Peoples,  Iowa 

Peoria,  111 

Peoria,  111 

Peoria,  Kan 

Peoria,  Ore 

Peoria,  S.D 

Peoria,  Tex 

Peotone,  HI 

Peotone,  III 

Pepin,  Minn 

Pepin,  Wis 

Pepin,  Wis 

Pepperell,  Mms 

Pepperton,  Minn 

Pequamock,  N.J 

Peqnea,  Pa 

Peralta,  Cal 

Peralta,  N.M 

Perche,  Mo 

Perdew,  Cal 

Perdido  Station,  Ala.... 

Perdue  Hill,  Ala 

Pere  Marquette,  Mich., 

Perham,  Minn 

Perham,  Minn 

Perinton,  N.Y 

Perkasie,  Pa 

Perkins,  Ark. 

Perkins,  Me 

Perkins,  O 

Perkiomen,  Pa 

Perote,  Ala. 

Perote,  Ala 

Perrinton,  Mich 

Perris,  Cal 

Perry,  Ark 

Perry,  Ark 

Perry,  Ga. 

Perry,  111 

Perry,  111 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perrj',  Ind , 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa , 

Perry,  Iowa , 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Kan '..... 

Perry,  Me 

Perry,  Mich 

Perry,  Mich , 

Perry,  Minn 

Perry,  Mo 

Perry,  Mo 

Perry,  Neb 

Perry,  Neb 

Perry,  N.Y , 

Perry,  N.Y 

Perry,  N.D 

Perry,  O - 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry, O 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

poet-town 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County, 


Bradley , 

Ritchie 

Montgomery 

Chester 

Mason 

Jay 

Clearfield 

Yates 

Pike 

Hancock 

Muhlenburg. 

Placer 

Escambia 

Yancey 

Oconto 

Luce 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Summit 

Boone 

Peoria 

PeorisL 

Franklin 

Linn 

Hughes 

Hill 

Will 

Will 

Wabasha 

Pepin 

Pepin 

Middlesex.... 

Stevens 

Morris 

Lancaster.... 

Alameda 

Valencia 

Boone 

San  Bernardino 

Baldwin 

Monroe 

Mason 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Monroe 

Bucks 

Saline 

Sagadahoc 

Erie 

Montgomery.... 

Bullock 

Bullock 

Gratiot.. 

San  Diego 

Johnson 

Perry 

Houston 

Pike 

Pike 

Allen 

Boone 

Clay 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Martin 

Miami 

Monroe 

Noble 

Tixjpecanoe 

Vanderburg 

Wayne 

Buchanan 

Dallas 

Davis 

Jackson 

Marion 

Plymouth 

Tama 

Woodson 

Washington 

Shiawassee 

Shiawassee 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Balls 

Saint  Francois. 

Bed  Willow 

Thurston 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Cavalier , 

Allen 

Ashland 

Brown 

Carroll 


1880.      1890. 


238 

859 

30,251 

29,259 

1.165 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  S.D 

Perry,  S.D 

Perry,  Wis 

Perryman,  Md 

Perry  Mill,  Ga 

Perrysburg,  N.T 

Perrysburg,  0 

Perrysburg,  0 

Perrysville,  Ind 

Perrysville,  0 

Perryton,  111 

Perry ville,  Ala 

Perry ville.  Ark 

Perryville,  Ky 

Perryville,  Md 

Perryville,  Mo 

Persia,  N.T 

Persifer,  111 

Persimmon,  Ga 

Persimmon  Grove,  Ky.. 
Persimmon  Tree,  CJa.... 

Perth,  N.T 

Perth,  N.D 

Perth  Amboy,  N.J 

Peru,  Fla 

Peru,  111 

Peru,  111 

Peru,  Ind 

Peru,  Ind 

Peru,  Iowa 

Peru,  Me 

Peru,  Mass 

Peru,  Neb 

Peru,  Neb 

Peru,  N.T 

Peru,  0 

Peru,  0 

Peru,  Vt 

Peru,  Wis 

Pescadero,  Cal 

Pescado,  N.M 

Peshtigo,  Wis 

Peshtigo,  Wis 

Peshtigo  Harbor,  Wis... 

Pesotum,  111 

Petaca,N.M 

Petaluma,  Cal 

Petaluma,  Cal 

Peterboro,  Utah 

Peterborough,  N.H 

Peter  Creek,  Ark 

Peter  Creek,  N.C 

Peters,  Kan 

Peters,  Pa 

Peters,  Pa 

Petersburg,  Col 

Petersburg,  Ga 

Petersburg,  111 

Petersburg,  Ind 

Petersburg,  Ky 

Petersburg,  Ky 

Petersburg,  Ky 

Petersburg,  Mich 

Petersburg,  Minn 

Petersburg,  N.D 


Sank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twj) 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Columbiana... 

Coshocton 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Gallia 

Hocking 

Lake 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 

Morrow 

Muskingum.. 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Putnam 

Richland 

Shelby 

Stark 

Tuscarawas... . 

Wood 

Armstrong .... 

Berks 

Clarion 

Fayette 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Snyder 

Davison 

Lincoln 

Dane.. 

Harford 

Tatnall 

Cattaraugus.. . 

Wood 

Wood 

Vermilion 

Ashland 

Mercer 

Perry 

Perry 

Boyle 

Cecil 

Perry 

Cattaraugus... 

Knox 

Rabun 

Campbell 

Pickens 

Fulton 

Walsh 

Middlesex 

Hillsborough . 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Miami 

Miami 

Dubuque 

Oxford 

Berkshire 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

Clinton 

Huron 

Morrow 

Bennington... 

Dunn 

San  Mateo 

Valencia 

Marinette 

Marinette 

Marinette 

Champaign.... 

Eio  Arriba 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Cache 

Hillsborough.. 

Cleburne 

Stokes 

Kingman 

Franklin 

Washington... 

Arapahoe 

Elbert 

Menard 

Pike 

Boone 

Boone 

Webster 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Nelson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


4,868 

901 
1,320 
1,489 
1,329 
1,995 
1,316 
2,217 
1,032 
1,007 
1,214 
2,272 
1,106 
1,050 
1,794 

879 
1,073 

656 
1,242 
9,219 
1. 
1,474 
1,309 
1,527 
2,458 
1,476 
1,339 
1,293 

827 
1,160 
1,212 


924 


1,048 

1,376 

4,112 

1,909 

645 

476 

1,059 

1,200 

256 

498 

143 

754 

1,370 

765 

594 


605 
915 


4,808 


5,053 

4,632 

6,220 

5,280 

1,071 

825 

403 

1,187 

567 

2,610 

1,194 

916 

556 

296 

238 


3,517 


1,010 


4,854 
3,326 
76 
2,206 
251 
1,906 


3,166 
955 


800 
2,332 
1,193 
1,360 

441 
2,428 

420 

243 


7,209 

873 

1,102 

1,490 

1,184 

1,882 

1,365 

2,039 

1,007 

1,109 

1,270 

2,153 

943 

923 

1,698 

715 

1,710 

595 

1,134 

12,289 

931 

1,449 

938 

1,575 

1,706 

1,623 

1,610 

1,228 

764 

1,125 

1,261 

197 

785 

996 

271 

876 

1,123 

4,121 

1,747 

507 

622 

913 

1,210 

310 

436 

344 

875 

1,506 

711 

680 

567 

676 

769 

178 

9,512 

373 

5,883 

5,550 

7,958 

7,028 

1,020 

692 

305 

1,228 

624 

2,356 

1,018 

824 

445 

342 

221 

261 

7,202 

1,719 

719 

1,038 

244 

5,304 

3,692 

337 

2,607 

343 

2,034 

235 

3,088 

1,225 

1,153 

567 

2,342 

1,494 

1,331 

625 

3,389 

408 

481 

169 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Petersburg,  N.T 

Petersburg,  0 

Petersburg,  Pa 

Petersburg,  Tenn 

Petersburg,  Va 

Peters  Creek,  Ky„ 

Petersham,  Mass 

Peterson,  Iowa 

Peterson,  Iowa 

Peterson,  Utah 

Petersville,  Md 

Petite  Anse,  La 

Petit  Jean,  Ark 

Petit  Jean,  Ark 

Petit  Jean,  Ark 

Petoskey,  Mich 

Petrolia,  Pa 

Petsworth,  Va 

Pettis,  Mo 

Pettis,  Mo 

Pettus,  Ark .*. 

Pettusville,  Ala 

Petty,  111 

Petty,  Tex 

Pewamo,  Mich 

Pewaukee,  Neb 

Pewaukee,  Wis 

Pewaukee,  Wis 

Pewee  Valley,  Ky 

Peyton,  Col 

Peytona,  W.  Va 

Pharsalia,  N.T 

Phelps,  N.T 

Phelps,  N.T 

Phelps  City,  Mo 

Philadelphia,  111 

Philadelphia,  Miss 

Philadelphia,  Mo 

Philadelphia,  N.T 

Philadelphia,  N.T 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Philadelphia,  S.C 

Philadelphia,  Tenn 

Philadelphus,  N.C 

Philippi,  W.  Va 

Philippi,  W.  Va 

Philips,  Fla 

Philips,  Ga 

Philipsburg,  0 

Philipsburg,  Pa 

Phillips,  Ala 

Phillips,  Ala 

Phillips,  Ark 

Phillips,  111 

Phillips,  Me 

Phillips,  Neb 

Phillipsburg,  Kan 

Phillipsburg,  Kan 

Phillipsburg,  Mont 

Phillipsburg,  N.J 

Phillipsburg,  Pa 

Phillipston,  Mass 

Phillipstown,  N.T 

Philmont,  N.T 

Philo,  111 

Philo,  111 

Philomath,  Ore 

Phipps,  Ala 

Phipps,  S.D 

Pbippsburg,  Me 

Phoenix,  Ariz 

Phcenix,Ill 

Phoenix,  N.T 

Phoenix  City,  Ala 

Phoenix  City,  Ala 

Phoenixville,  Pa 

Piankatank,  Va. 

Piasa,  111 

Piatt,  Pa. 

Picacho,  N.M 

Picc^uee  Creek,  Col 

Pickaway,  111 

Pickaway,  0 

Pickens,  S.O 

Pickens,  S.C 

Pickens  C.-H.,  S.C 

Pickeusville,  Ala 

Pickerel  Lake,  Minn.... 

Pickering,  Mo 

Pickerington,  O 

Pickert,  N.D 

Pickford,  Mich 

Pickren,  Ga 

Picture  Bocks,  Pa 

Piedmont,  Ala 

Piedmont,  Ala. 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

Tillage 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

district 

ward 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-beat 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

civil-diet 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

poet- town 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city. 

borough 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

postprect 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

poBt-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-Till 


County. 


Reniaelaer.... 

Lawrence 

Huntingdon. 
Lincoln 


Pike 

Worcester 

Clay 

Clay , 

Morgan 

Frederick 

Iberia 

Conway 

Logan , 

Perry 

Emmet. 

Butler 

Gloucester 

Adair , 

Platte 

Lonoke 

Limestone 

Lawrence 

Lamar 

Ionia 

Bock 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Oldham 

ElPaso 

Boone 

Chenango 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Atchison 

Cass. 

Neshoba 

Marion 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Philadelphia. 
Darlington.... 

Loudon 

Bobeson 

Barbour 

Barbour 

Duval 

DeKalb 

Montgomery 

Centre 

DeKalb 

Etowah 

Garland 

White 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Deer  Lodge... 

Warren 

Beaver 

Worcester 

Putnam 

Columbia 

Champaign.... 
Champaign.... 

Benton 

Hale 

Codington 

Sagadahoc 

Maricopa 

Henry 

Oswego 

Lee 

Lee 

Chester 

Matthews 

Jersey 

Lycoming...... 

Lincoln 

Bio  Blanco.... 

Shelby 

Pickaway 

Edgefield 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Freeborn 

Nodaway 

Fairfield 

Steele 

Chippewa 

Coffee 

Lycoming 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 


Population. 


1880.       1890. 


1,786 


381 

160 

21,666 

1,138 

1,109 

228 


301 

2,603 

1, 

289 

541 

346 

1,816 

1,186 

3,197 

1,113 

2,354 

443 


1,699 


316 


2,192 
666 


1,321 
1,147 
6,189 
1,369 
302 


1,602 

173 

1,760 


847,170 

1,309 

811 

1,876 

2,009 


1,268 

215 

1,779 


628 

185 

2,365 

1,437 


1,043 

309 

299 

7,181 

458 

621 

4,375 

1,343 

1,367 

4.35 

746 

390 


1,497 
1,708 

691 
1,312 
3,729 
2,224 
6,682 
2,260 
1,418 

611 


820 

1,514 

3,939 

1,856 

212 

1,548 

630 

118 

188 


1,049 
321 
600 
381 

181 


1,461 
606 
666 

290 

22,680 

1,481 

1,060 

730 

371 

271 

2,943 

■      2,171 

272 

989 

382 

2,872 

646 

2,373 

1,200 

2,466 

962 

2,498 

1,694 

206 

384 

181 

2,767 

680 

436 

41 

1,131 

916 

6,086 

1,336 

203 

644 

2,390 

230 

1,662 

783 

,046,964 

1,966 

821 

1,916 

2,443 

378 

668 

664 

270 

3,246 

620 

721 

179 

2,721 

1,394 

637 

1,633 

992 

1,068 

8,644 

1,494 

602 

4,113 

1,818 

1,240 

491 

817 

331 

166 

1,396 

3,162 

667 

1,466 

6,117 

3,700 

8,614 

2,493 

1,274 

621 

40S 

165 

824 

1,443 

8,944 

2,321 

283 

1,782 

613 

203 

290 

91 

993 

1,722 

610 

1,677 

7U 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Piedmont,  Cal 

Piedmont,  Mo 

Piedmont,  8. C 

Piedmont,  Va 

Piedmont,  W.  Va 

Pierce,  111 

Pierce,  Ind 

Pierce,  Iowa 

Pierce,  Mo 

Pierce,  Mo 

Pierce,  Mo 

Pierce,  Neb 

Pierce,  Neb 

Pierce,  N.D 

Pierce,  0 

Pierce,  Wis 

Pierce  Chapel,  Ala.... 
Pierce  City,  Idaho. ... 

Pierce  City,  Mo 

Pierce  Creek,  Ark.... 

Pierceton,  Ind 

Pierceville,  Kan 

Piermont,  N.H 

Piermont,  N.Y 

Pierpont,  0 

Pierre,  S.D 

Pierrepont,  N.Y 

Piereon,  Ind 

Piersou,  Mich 

Pierson,  Mich 

Pierz,  Minn 

Pigeon,  Ark 

Pigeon,  Ind , 

Pigeon,  N.C - 

Pigeon,  Wis 

Pigeon  Creek,  Neb.... 

Pigeon  Grove,  111 

Pigeon  River,  N.O. ... 

Pigeon  Roost,  Ky 

Pig  River,  Va 

Pike,  Qa 

Pike,  111 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Iowa 

Pike,  Kan 

Pike,  Mo 

Pike,  Mo 

Pike.  N.Y 

Pike,  N.Y 

Pike,  O 

Pike,0 

Pike,0 

Pike,0 

Pike,  0 

Pike,  O 

Pike,0 

Pike,0 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike  Creek,  Minn 

Pike  Creek,  Mo 

Pike  Lake,  Wis 

Pike  Road,  Ala 

Piketon,  0 

Pikeville,  Ala 

Pikeville,  Ky 

Pikeville,  Ky 

Pikeville,  N.C 

Pilchuck,  Wash 

Pilesgrove,  N.J 

Pilger,  Neb 

Pillsbury,  Minn 

Pilot,  111 

Pilot,  111 

Pilot,  Iowa 

Pilot,  Iowa. 

Pilot,  N.C 

Pilot  Grove,  111 

Pilot  Grove,  Iowa 

Pilot  Grove,  Minn.... 

Pilot  Grove,  Mo 

Pilot  Grove,  Mo 

Pilot  Grove,  Mo 

Pilot  Knob,  111 

Pilot  Knob,  Kan 

Pilot  Knob,  Ky , 

Pilot  Knob,  Mo , 

Pilot  Mound,  Iowa.... 
Pilot  Mound,  Minn... 
Pilot  Mound,  N.D.... 
Pilot  Point,  Tex 

182 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-Till 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 


County. 


Alameda.......... 

Wayne 

Anderson 

Rappahannock 

Mineral 

De  Kalb 

Washington 

Page 

Lawrence 

Stone 

Texas 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Barnes 

Clermont 

Kewaanee 

Lee 

Shoshone 

Lawrence 

Fanlkner. 

Kosciusko 

Finney 

Grafton 

Rockland 

Ashtabula 

Hughes 

Saint  Lawrence 

Vigo 

Montcalm 

Montcalm 

Morrison 

Baxter 

Warrick 

Haywood 

Trempealeau ... 

Dakota 

Iroquois 

Haywood 

Clay 

Pittsylvania..... 

Elbert 

Livingston 

Jay 

Marion 

Ohio 

Warren 

Muscatine 

Lyon 

Carter 

Stoddard  

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Brown 

Clark 

Coshocton 

Fulton 

Knox 

Madison 

Perry 

Start 

Berks 

Bradford 

Clearfield 

Potter 

Morrison 

Shannon 

Marathon 

Montgomery.... 

Pike 

Marion 

Pike 

Pike 

Wayne 

Snohomish 

Salem 

Stanton 

Swift 

Kankakee 

Vermilion 

Cherokee 

Iowa 

Surry 

Hancock 

Montgomery.... 

Faribault 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Moniteau 

Washington 

Harper 

Simpson 

Iron 

Boone 

Fillmore 

Griggs 

Denton 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


666 


2,170 

2,108 

907 

1,098 

1,421 

2,383 

1,388 

474 

323 

73 


1,984 
1,743 
1.828 


1,360 

198 

1,084 


752 
1,369 
1,046 


2,494 

1,707 

1,572 

372 

924 

277 

1,927 

1,233 

793 


716 


1,275 
4,134 
1,465 

990 
1,750 
2,423 

852 
1,100 
1,086 

987 


1,834 
1,797 

644 
1,339 
1,758 

720 

990 
1,307 

548 
3,059 
1,514 

921 
1,496 
1,441 

281 


340 


2,726 
665 


2,071 

246 

2,155 


3,497 

11 

231 

1,289 

1,523 
631 
884 

1,967 

1,229 
878 
324 

1,467 
209 

1,478 


1,341 

1,359 

668 

1,002 


790 


634 

829 

2,436 

1,569 

2,236 

778 

1,048 

1,276 

3,718 

864 

800 

752 

563 

193 

1,731 

852 

1,984 

238 

2,611 

326 

897 

248 

709 

1,219 

1,021 

3,235 

1,954 

1,517 

1.410 

215 

1,387 

613 

1,878 

1,348 

1,038 

359 

1,072 

236 

1,150 

4,578 

1,926 

873 

1,646 

1,999 

666 

1,043 

1,048 

1,002 

1,236 

2,672 

1,443 

483 

1,146 

1,758 

717 

1,121 

1,172 

602 

3,083 

1,604 

882 

1,308 

1,445 

1,111 

809 

418 

642 

2,580 

1,022 

567 

1,792 

456 

2,022 

488 

3,312 

162 

613 

1,292 

1,685 

695 

790 

2,322 

1,086 

913 

386 

1,788 

660 

2,003 

775 

537 

1,198 

757 

776 

781 

182 

1,090 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pilot  Rock,  Ark 

Pinchem,  Ky 

Pinckney,  Mich , 

Pinckney,  Mo , 

Pinckney,  N.Y 

Pinckneyville,  Ala.... 

Pinckneyville,  Ga 

Pinckneyville,  111...... 

Pinckneyville,  111 

Pinconning,  Mich 

Pinconning,  Mich 

Pine,  Ark , 

Pine,  Col 

Pine,  Ind 

Pine,  Ind 

Pine,  Ind 

Pine,  Mich 

Pine,  Mo 

Pine,  Neb 

Pine,  Neb 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa , 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine  Apple,  Ala 

Pine  Apple,  Ala 

Pine  Bluff,  Ark 

Pine  Cinnega,  N.M.... 

Pine  City,  Minn , 

Pine  City,  Minn , 

Pine  City,  Ore 

Pine  Creek,  Idaho 

Pine  Creek,  Idaho 

Pine  Creek,  111 

Pine  Creek,  Neb , 

Pine  Creek,  Ore , 

Pine  Creek,  Ore , 

Pine. Creek,  Pa 

Pine  Creek,  Pa 

Pine  Creek,  Va. 

Pine  Creek,  Wis 

Pine  Flat,  Ala 

Pine  Glen,  Neb 

Pine  Grove,  Ala. , 

Pine  GroTe,  Ala. 

Pine  Grove,  Col , 

Pine  Grove,  Idaho 

Pine  Grove,  Ky , 

Pine  GroTe,  Ky 

Pine  Grove,  Mich 

Pine  Grove,  Pa 

Pine  Grove,  Pa. 

Pine  Grove,  Pa , 

Pine  GroTe,  Pa. 

Pine  GroTe,  S.C 

Pine  GroTe,  S.C 

Pine  Grove,  Wis , 

Pine  Hill,  Fla 

Pine  Hill,  Ga 

Pine  Island,  Minn 

Pine  Island,  Minn..... 

Pine  Knot,  Ala 

Pine  Knot,  Ga. 

Pine  Knot,  Ga 

Pine  Knot,  Ky 

Pine  Lake,  Minn 

Pine  Level,  Ala 

Pine  Level,  Fla 

Pine  Level,  N.C 

Pinellas,  Fla 

Pine  Log,  Ga , 

Pine  Mountain,  Ark. 

Pine  Plains,  Mich , 

Pine  Plains,  N.Y 

Pine  Prairie,  Ark , 

Pine  Ridge,  Ark 

Pine  River,  Col 

Pine  River,  Mich , 

Pine  River,  N.M , 

Pine  River,  Wis. 

Pine  Rock,  111 

Pinery,  Cal 

Pine  Springs,  Ala 

Pine  Swamp,  N.C 

Pine  Tavern,  Ky 

Pine  Top,  Va 

Pine  Tucky,  Ala 

Pinetucky,  Ga 

Pine  Valley,  Ore 

Pine  Valley,  Utah 

Pine  Valley,  Wis 

Pineville,  Ala 

Pineville,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

poet-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

poet-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 


County. 


Johnson 

Clarke 

Livingston 

Warren 

Lewis 

Clay 

Gwinnett 

Perry 

Perry 

Bay 

Bay 

Cleburne 

Jefferson 

Benton 

Porter 

Warren 

Montcalm 

Stone 

Brown 

KeyaPaha 

Alleghany 

Armstrong 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Indiana. 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Wilcox 

Wilcox 

Jefferson 

Grant 

Pine 

Pine 

Morrow 

La  tab 

Lemhi 

Ogle 

Sheridan 

Harney 

Wallowa 

Clinton 

Jefferson 

Carroll 

Taylor 

Dallas 

Brown 

DeKalb 

Escambia 

Douglas 

Elmore 

Greenup 

Rowan 

Van  Buren 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Venango 

Warren 

Edgefield 

Orangeburg 

Portage 

Bradford 

Decatur 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Cleburne 

Chattahoochee 

Marion 

Whitley 

Otter  Tail 

Montgomery.... 

De  Soto 

Johnston 

Hillsborough.... 

Bartow 

Faulkner 

Allegan 

Dutchess 

Crawford 

Monroe 

La  Plata 

Gratiot 

San  Juan 

Lincoln 

Ogle 

San  Diego. 

Lamar 

Ashe 

Bullitt 

Middlesex 

Perry 

Laurens 

Union 

Washington 

Clark 

Marengo , 

Monroe 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


267 

1,548 

427 

1,119 

1,152 

718 

1,694 

3,583 

964 

738 

300 

254 


556 
597 
972 


773 
728 
911 
385 

1,189 
640 

1,652 

2,426 
358 

3,203 


600 


1,199 


1,078 
1,189 
2,582 


1,512 


482 


659 

1,887 

2,327 

957 

956 

1,332 

2,656 

2,426 

339 

769 

1,575 

949 

656 

706 

610 


2,611 
'2,097 
"219 


1,120 
447 
643 

1,352 
839 
828 


2,749 


278 
1,137 


777 
1,984 
2,363 

809 
1,563 


234 

682 

695 

1,573 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Plneville,  Fla 

Pineville,  Ky 

PineTille,  La 

PineTille,  La 

Pineville,  Mo 

Pineville,  Mo 

Pineville,  N.C 

Pine  Wood,  Tenn... 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ky 

Piney,  Mo 

Piney,  Mo 

Piney,  Mo 

Piney,  Pa 

Piney,  Tenn 

Piney  Creek,  N.C... 
Piney  Creek,  N.C... 
Piney  Fork,  Ark.... 
Piney  Grove,  N.C... 
Piney  Woods,  Ky.... 

Pin  Hook,  Ala. 

Pinhook,  Ky 

Pink  Hill,  N.C 

Pinkney,  S.C 

Pinneo,  Col 

Pin  Oak,  III 

Pinole,  Cal 

Pinora,  Mich 

Pinos  Altos,  N.M.... 
Pinos  Altos,  N.M..., 

Pinson,  Tenn 

Pintlala,  Ala 

Pinto,  Utah 

Pioche,  Nev 

Pioneer,  Iowa 

Pioneer,  Kan 

Pioneer,  Kan 

Pioneer,  Kan 

Pioneer,  Mich 

Pioneer,  Neb 

Pioneer,  Neb 

Pioneer,  0 

Pioneer,  Tenn 

Pioneervllle„Idaho 

Pipe  Creek,  Ind. 

Pipe  Creek,  Ind 

Piper  City,  111 

Piper's  Gap,  Va 

Pipersville,  Wis. 

Pipestem,  W.  Va 

Pipestone,  Mich 

Pipe  Stone,  Minn.... 
Pippins  Mill,  Fla..., 

Piqua,  0 , 

Pireway,  N.C 

Piru,  Cal 

Piscataway,  Md , 

Piscataway,  N.J 

Pitcairn,  N.Y , 

Pitcher,  Iowa 

Pitcher,  N.Y , 

Pitkin,  Col 

Pitkin,  Col 

Pitman,  Ga 

Pitman,  111 

Pitt,  0 

Pittsburg,  Ark 

Pittsburg,  Col 

Pittsburg,  Ga 

Pittsburg,  Ga , 

Pittsburg,  Ind 

Pittsburg,  Kan , 

Pittsburg,  Kan , 

Pittsburg,  Ky , 

Pittsburg,  Md 

Pittsburg,  N.H 

Pittsburg,  Pa 

Pittsburg,  Tex , 

Pittsfield,  III 

Pittsfield,  111 , 

Pittsfield,  Me 

Pittsfield,  Mass 

Pittsfield,  Mich 

Pittsfield,  N.H 

Pittsfield,  N.Y 

Pittsfield,  0 

Pittsfield,  Pa 

Pittsfield,  Vt 

Pittsfield,  Wis 

Pittsford,  Iowa 

Pittsford,  Mich 

Pittsford,  N.Y 

Pittsford,  N.Y 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

mag.-dist 

ward 

post-vill 

township 

post-vlll 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

district 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 


Connty. 


Hamilton 

Bell 

Bapldes 

Bapides 

McDonald 

McDonald 

Mecklenburg... 

Hickman 

Carroll 

Cleburne 

Johnson 

Madison 

Crittenden 

Oregon 

Pulaski 

Texas 

Clarion 

Loudon 

Alleghany 

Ashe 

Sharp 

Sampson 

Clinton 

Lawrence 

Bobertson 

Lenoir 

Union 

Washington 

Madison 

Contra  Costa.... 

Lake 

Grant 

Grant 

Madison 

Lowndes 

Washington 

Lincoln 

Cedar 

Graham 

Bice 

Bnsh 

Missaukee 

Chase 

Deuel 

Williams 

Campbell 

BoisS 

Madison 

Miami 

Ford 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Summers 

Berrien„ 

Pipe  Stone 

Calhoun 

Miami 

Columbus 

Ventura 

Prince  George's 

Middlesex 

Saint  Lawrence 

Cherokee 

Chenango 

Gunnison 

Gunnison 

Madison 

Montgomery.... 

Wyandot 

Johnson 

Gunnison 

Baldwin 

Fulton 

Carroll 

Crawford 

Mitchell 

Laurel 

Wicomico 

Coos 

Alleghany 

Camp 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Berkshire 

Washtenaw 

Merrimack 

Otsego 

Lorain 

Warren 

Butland 

Brown 

Butler 

Hillsdale 

Monroe 

Monroe.» 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,323 

2,117 

763 

1,358 

147 

1,401 

288 

319 

274 

226 

411 

1,576 

604 

536 

1,725 

822 

1,000 

988 

1,120 

1,290 

2,569 

1,241 

1,127 

856 

767 

3,127 


1,149 


375 


150 
220 

1,959 
156 
745 

1,395 


393 
549 
299 


754 


2.958 

1,619 

423 

2,742 

89 

1,307 

1,495 

222 

515 

6,031 


2,063 

3,242 

790 

864 

1,075 


1,891 

981 

896 

1,268 

1,364 


1,248 


400 
624 
529 


2,117 

681 

156,389 

745 

3,254 

2,104 

1,909 

13,364 

1,233 

1,974 

1,450 

976 

1,740 

555 

712 

730 

1,614 

2,236 

756 


294 

3,773 

2,195 

640 

1,686 

192 

1,340 

304 

684 

361 

333 

569 

1,631 

1,064 

713 

2,601 

742 

940 

1,166 

1,296 

1,041 

2,401 

1,132 

1,273 

668 

867 

3,087 

91 

1,119 

340 

890 

1,015 

870 

264 

2,037 

108 

676 

1,266 

362 

565 

489 

164 

259 

98 

596 

225 

137 

4,660 

1,506 

460 

2,973 

49 

1,655 

1,446 

1,232 

?250 

9,090 

133 

174 

1,650 

3,286 

1,103 

1,303 

983 

410 

371 

1,638 

919 

1,228 

1,682 

59 

1,422 

684 

327 

6,697 

566 

641 

2,462 

669 

238,617 

1,203 

3,270 

2,295 

2,503 

17,281 

1,158 

2,605 

1,218 

893 

1,851 

468 

941 

782 

1,560 

2,129 

852 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pittsford,  Vt 

Pitt's  Grove,  NJ.... 

Pittston,  Me 

I'ittston,  Pa 

Pittston,  Pa 

Pittstown,  N.Y 

Pittsville,  Wis 

Pixley,  HI 

Placer,  Mont 

Placerville,  Cal 

Placerville,  Cal 

Placerville,  Ac,  Col 
Placerville,  Idaho.. 

Placita,  N.M 

Plain,  Ind 

Plain,  0 

Plain, O 

Plain,  O 

Plain,  0 

Plain  City,0 

Plain  City,  Utah..., 

Plainfield,  Conn 

Plainfield,  111 

Plainfield,  111 

Plainfield,  Ind 

Plainfield,  Mass 

Plainfield,  Mich 

Plainfield,  Mich 

Plainfield,  N.H 

Plainfield,  N.J 

Plainfield,  N.Y 

Plainfield,  0 

Plainfield,  Pa 

Plainfield,  S.D 

Plainfield,  Vt 

Plainfield,  Wis 

Plain  Grove,  Pa 

Plains,  Pa 

Plains,  Va 

Plainview,  Kan 

Plaiuview,  Minn..., 
Plainview,  Minn..., 

Plainview,  Neb 

Plainville,  Conn 

Plainville,  Ga 

Plainville,  Kan 

Plainville,  Kan 

Plainweli,  Mich 

Plaistow,  N.H 

Plankinton,  S.D 

Plankinton,  S.D 

Piano,  111 

Piano,  S.D 

Piano,  Tex 

Plant,  Neb 

Plant  City,  Fla 

Plant  City,  Fla. 

Planter,  Ark 

Plantersville,  Ala.;. 

Plaqueraine,  Ky 

Plato,  111 

Plato,  Iowa 

Plato,  Minn 

Plato,  S.D 

Platoro,  Col 

Platte,  Col 

Platte,  Col 

Platte,  Iowa 

Platte,  Iowa 

Platte,  Mich 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  &c.,  S.D 

Platte  Centre,  Neb.. 

Platte  City,  Mo 

Plattekill,  N.Y 

Platte  Valley,  Neb.. 

Platteville,  Col 

Platteville,  Col 

Platteville,  Wis , 

Platteville.  Wis , 

Plattford,  Neb 

Plattin,  Mo ..., 

Plattsburg,  Miss...., 

Plattsbnrg,  Mo 

Plattsburg,  N.Y 

Plattsburg,  N.Y....», 
Plattsmouth,  Neb.. . 
Plattsmoutb,  Neb... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vlll 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-beat 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 


Connty. 


Rutland 

Salem 

Kennebec 

Lnzerne 

Luzerne 

Bensselaer 

Wood 

Clay 

Jefferson 

Kl  Dorado.. 

El  Dorado 

San  Miguel.... 

Bois^ 

Taos 

Kosciusko 

Franklin 

Stark 

Wayne 

Wood 

Madison.... 

Weber 

Windham ., 

Will „.., 

Will 

Hendricks 

Hampshire 

Iosco , 

Kent , 

Sullivan 

Union 

Otsego 

Coshocton , 

Northampton. 

Brul6 

Washington... 

Waushara 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Rockingham.. 

Phillips , 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Pierce 

Hartford 

Gordon 

Books i 

Rooks 

Allegan 

Rockingham.. 

Aurora , 

Aurora 

Kendall 

Hanson , 

Collin 

Lincoln 

Hillsborough. 
Hillsborough., 

Chicot 

Dallas , 

Jessamine 

Kane 

Sioux , 

McLeod 

Hand 

Conejos , 

Douglas , 

Jefferson , 

Taylor , 

Union 

Benzie , 

Andrew , 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Clinton , 

Buffalo , 

Butler 

Dawson , 

Dodge 

Polk 

Charles  Mix... 

Platte , 

Platte , 

Ulster 

Douglas 

Weld 

Weld 

Grant , 

Grant 

Sarpy 

Jefferson , 

Winston , 

Clinton , 

Olinton.- 

Clinton 

Cass 

Cass 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,982 
1,778 
2,458 
2,666 
7,472 
4,095 
163 
1,666 


2,949 
1,961 


1,467 
1,270 
2,540 
1,993 
1,986 

908 

663 
4,021 
1,713 

686 
60 

467 
61 
1,608 
1,372 
8,125 
1,195 

300 
2,468 


729 
348 
788 
6,.354 
5,529 
272 
675 
668 


1,' 

993 

651 

39 

1,366 

1,002 


1,782 
556 


649 
1,089 
2,627 

982 


49 


1,367 
963 
170 
1,610 
1,218 
2,352 
1." 


400 


673 


47 

670 

2,205 

997 


3,813 
2,687 
632 
1,692 
2,642 
1,344 
8,283 
6,246 
1,208 
4,175 

188 


1,775' 

2,75fl 

1,281 

3,284 

10,302 

4,066 

663 

1,600 

314 

2,693 

1,690 

1,364 

173 

729 

1,364 

1,163 

3,082 

1,838 

2,673 

1,245 

829 

4,682 

1,779 

852 

909 

435 

200 

1,671 

1,173 

11,267 

1,025 

234 

2,621 

171 

145 

459 

728 

6,576 

6,223 

173 

1,392 

1,392 

375 

1,993 

894 

973 

347 

1,414 

1,085 

892 

604 

1,825 

295 

842 

173 

1,361 

349 

648 

674 

1,937 

1,114 

459 

130 

255 

248 

384 

313 

1,490 

800 

198 

1,695 

968 

2,643 

1,328 

204 

580 

223 

741 

1,091 

690 

302 

706 

2,038 

943 

787 

213 

3,687 

2,740 

471 

1,804 

2,499 

1,634 

9,500 

7,010 

1,069 

8,392 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Piatt  Springs,  8.C 

Plattville,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  111 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Neb 

Pleasant,  N.D„ 

Pleasant,  N.D 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 ».. 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  Pa 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  Wash 

Pleasant,  W.  Va 

Pleasant,  W.  Va 

Pleasant,  W.  Va. 

Pleasant  Creek,  Ore 

Pleasant  Creek,  Utah... 

Pleasant  Dale,  Kan 

Pleasant  Gap,  Mo 

Pleasant  Green,  Utah... 

Pleasant  Qrove,  Ala 

Pleasant  Grove,  Ala 

Pleasant  Grove,  Ala 

Pleasant  Grove,  111 

Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa.., 
Pleasant  Grove,  Kan.... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Minn., 
Pleasant  Grove,  N.C...., 

Pleasant  Grove,  N.C 

Pleasant  Grove,  N.C 

Pleasant  Grove,  S.D 

Pleasant  Grove,  Utah... 

Pleasant  Grove,  Va 

Pleasant  Grove,  Va 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ala 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ala , 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ala , 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ark 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ark 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ga 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ga 

Pleasant  Hill,  111 

Pleasant  Hill,  111 , 

Pleasant  Hill,  Minn...., 

Pleasant  Hill,  Mo 

Pleasant  HiU,  Mo 

Pleasant  Hill,  Mo 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb , 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  N.D 

Pleasant  Hill,  0 

184 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Lexington.... 

Mills 

Fulton 

Allen 

Grant 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Porter 

Steuben 

Switzerland. 

Wabash 

Appanoose..., 


Hardin 

Lucas 

Monroe 

Pottawattamie 

Poweshiek 

Union 

Wapello 

Winneshiek 

Wright 

Butler. 

Coffey 

Harvey... , 

Lincoln 

Smith 

Jefferson 

Cass 

Griggs 

Brown 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin , 

Henry 

Knox 

Logan 

Madison 

Marion 

Perry 

Putnam. 

Seneca.... 

Van  Wert 

Warren , 

Clark 

Hanson 

Jerauld 

Lincoln 

Sully 

Asotin 

Barbour.... 

Clay 

Preston 

Jackson 

Pi  Ute 

Bush 

Bates 

Salt  Lake 

Limestone 

Pickens 

Walker 

Coles 

Des  Moines 

Floyd 

Mahaska 

Marion , 

Greenwood....... 

Olmsted 

Alamance 

Johnston 

Randolph 

Brule 

Utah , 

Lunenburg 

Norfolk 

Clarke 

Cullman 

Dallas 

Izard 

Newton 

Oglethorpe...... 

Talbot 

Pike 

Pike 

Winona.. , 

Cass 

Cass 

Sullivan , 

Cherry , 

Hitchcock. 

Saline < 

Webster 

Kidder. 

Mij^mi. 


Population. 


1880.       1890. 


851 

1,095 

1,937 

1,641 

1,643 

2,673 

574 

892 

2,483 

2,024 

2,184 

1,010 

1,174 

1,180 

895 

1,350 

655 

707 

682 

1,034 

929 

594 

629 

1,021 

587 

803 


227 


2,940 
1,581 
2.281 
2,291 
1,866 
6,492 
1,773 
1,032 
1,123 
1,433 
1,188 
1,053 
3,013 
1,417 
5,413 
395 


1,430 

813 

1,826 


474 

1,453 

179 


195 


1,490 

1,150 

665 

912 

1,557 

609 

1,044 

1,514 

1,850 

1,397 


1,775 

1,946 

2,739 

427 

626 

1,571 

814 

424 

822 

1,432 

1,485 

276 

819 

3,073 

2,372 

1,062 


1,014 
409 


461 


1,283 

1,421 

1,843 

1,377 

1,676 

2,724 

712 

984 

2,971 

1,784 

2,474 

1,348 

1,501 

1,202 

804 

1,212 

781 

674 

639 

929 

863 

1,240 

661 

1,193 

729 

466 

621 

891 

638 

168 

3,010 

1,597 

2,113 

2,232 

2,587 

1,467 

2,773 

865 

1,114 

1,910 

1,077 

1,098 

3,286 

1,470 

6,896 

540 

296 

413 

281 

619 

106 

132 

1,620 

986 

1,891 

247 

31 

292 

1,246 

310 

1,263 

221 

716 

1,936 

912 

619 

909 

1,495 

640 

864 

1,716 

1,393 

1,537 

220 

1,926 

2,000 

3,084 

624 

1,223 

1,687 

818 

637 

1,223 

1,469 

1,411 

310 

791 

2,780 

2,217 

1,242 

202 

241 

970 

686 

68 

521 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pleasant  Hill,  Ore 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ore 

Pleasant  Hill,  S.C 

Pleasant  Home,  Neb. 
Pleasant  Lake,  Ind.., 
Pleasant  Lake,  S.D... 
Pleasant  Mound,  111., 
Pleasant  Mounds,  Minn 

Pleasanton,  Kan 

Pleasanton,  Mich..., 

Pleasanton,  Tex 

Pleasant  Plains,  111.. 
Pleasant  Plains,  Mich.. 
Pleasant  Prairie,  Minn. 
Pleasant  Prairie,  Wis. 
Pleasant  Ridge,  Ala... 
Pleasant  Ridge,  Ark.. 
Pleasant  Ridge,  III.... 
Pleasant  Ridge,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Ridge,  Kan.... 
Pleasant  Ridge,  Mo...... 

Pleasant  Ridge,  O 

Pleasant  Run,  Ind 

Pleasant  Site,  Ala 

Pleasant  Springs,  Wis.. 

Pleasant  Unity,  Pa 

Pleasant  Vale,  111 

Pleasant  Valley,  Idaho 
Pleasant  Valley,  111. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Md.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Minn. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Mo.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Neb... 
Pleasant  Valley,  N.Y... 
Pleasant  Valley,  N.Y... 
Pleasant  Valley,  N.D... 

Pleasant  Valley,  Pa 

Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Wis... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Wis.... 
Pleasant  Valley  Junc- 
tion, Utah 

Pleasant  View,  III 

Pleasant  View,  Kan.... 

Pleasant  View,  Ky 

Pleasant  View,  Mich... 
Pleasant  View,  Minn... 

Pleasant  View,  Neb 

Pleasant  View,  N.D 

Pleasant  View,  N.D 

Pleasant  View,  S.D.„... 

Pleasant  View,  S.D 

Pleasant  View,  Utah.... 

Pleasantville,  Iowa 

Pleasantville,  0 

Pleasantville,  Pa 

Pleasantville,  Pa 

Pleasureville,  Ky 

Pleasureville,  Ky.„ 

Plevna,  Ala 

Plevna,  Kan 

Plevna,  Ore 

Plotts,  N.C 

Plover,  Wis 

Plover,  Wis 

Plowden's  Mills,  S.C... 

Plum,  Kan 

Plum,  Pa 

Plum,  Pa 

Plumas,  Cal 

Plumb,  Col 

Plumb,  Kan 

Plum  Bayou,  Ark 

Plum  Creek,  Iowa 

Plum  Creek,  Kan: 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Neb.„ 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

borough 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Clackamas 

Laneu 

Lancaster 

Polk 

Steuben 

Aurora 

Bond 

Blue  Earth 

Linn 

Manistee.. 

Atascosa 

Sangamon 

Lake 

Martin 

Kenosha 

Greene 

Fulton 

Livingston 

Lee 

Pawnee 

Barry 

Hamilton 

Lawrence 

Franklin 

;  Dane 

Westmoreland. 

Pike 

Owyhee 

Jo  Daviess , 

Carroll , 

Cerro  Gordo...., 

Fayette 

Grundy ..., 

Johnson 

Scott 

Webster. 

Cowley..... , 

Decatur 

Finney 

Ford 

Pawnee , 

Saline 

Wilson 

Washington 

Mower , 

Wright 

Dodge , 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Foster 

Potter 

Aurora 

Clay 

Hand 

Hughes 

Marshall 

Eau  Claire 

Saint  Croix 


Utah , 

Macon 

Cherokee , 

Whitley 

Emmet 

Norman 

Holt 

Grand  Forks. 

Griggs 

Beadle , 

Potter 

Weber 

Marion , 

Fairfield 

Bedford , 

Venango 

Henry 

Henry 

Madison 

Reno 

Klamath 

Cabarrus 

Portage 

Portage , 

Clarendon 

Phillips , 

Alleghany 

Venango 

Plumas 

Weld 

Wabaunsee... 

Jefferson 

Kossuth 

Mitchell 

Boone 

Butler. , 

Frontier........ 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


331 
339 
2,426 
868 
451 


595 
709 
481 
393 
417 
350 
238 
1,386 
2,002 
782 
737 
903 
326 


1,768 


1,278 

298 

1,823 


923 
493 
319 

1,601 
880 
604 
821 
905 

1,099 


913 
426 
848 
1,304 
599 
722 


1,786 
429 


211 


941 
693 


1,331 

1,107 


449 
334 
227 
855 
1,731 
175 


198 

139 

997 

1,220 

412 

955 

665 

1,721 

1,116 

1,057 


2,968 


673 

284 

53 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF    1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  uf  place  and 
state. 


Phim  Creek,  Neb... 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Pa... 

Plum  Gruve,  Kan 

Plum  Grove,  Neb 

Plum  Hill,  III 

Pluinlee,  Ark 

Plummer,  S.D 

Plummer  Mill,  Ky 

Plummerville,  Ark 

Plumstead,  Pa 

Plumsted,  N.J 

Plunkett  Creek,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Cal 

Plymouth,  111 

Plymouth,  Ind 

Plymouth,  Iowa 

Plymouth,  Iowa 

Plymouth,  Kan 

Plymouth,  Me 

Plymouth,  Mass 

Plymouth,  Mich. 

Plymouth,  Mich 

Plymouth,  Minn 

Plymouth,  Neb 

Plymouth,  N.H 

Plymouth,  N.Y 

Plymouth,  N.C 

Plymouth,  N.C 

Plymouth,  0 

Plymouth,  O 

Plymouth,  0 

Plymouth,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Utah 

Plymouth,  Vt 

Plymouth,  W.  Va 

Plymouth,  Wis 

Plymouth,  Wis 

Plymouth,  Wis 

Plymouth,  Wis 

Plympton,  Mass 

Poca,  W.  Va 

Poca,  W.Va 

Pocahontas,  Ala 

Pocahontas,  Ark 

Pocahontas,  111 

Pocahontas,  Ore 

Pocahontas,  Tenn 

Pocahontas,  Va 

Pocatalico,  W.  Va 

Pocatello,  Idaho 

Pocket,  N.C 

Pocomoke  City,  Md 

Pocono,  Pa 

Pocopson,  Pa 

Pocotalago,  Ga 

Pocotaligo,  S.C 

Poe,  Iowa 

Poe,  W.  Va 

Poesteukill,  N.Y 

Poe  Valley,  Ore 

Pohatcong,  N.J 

Pohocco,  Neb 

Point,  Ark 

Point,  III 

Point,  Ind 

Point,  Ky 

Point,  Pa. 

Point  Arena,  Cal 

Point  Barrie,  Alaska.... 
Point  Barrow,  Alaska.. 
Point  Belcher,  Alaska.. 

Point  Caswell,  N.C 

Point  de  Luce,  Aik 

Point  Kills,  Alaska 

Point  Hope,  Alaska 

Point  Isabel,  Tex 

Point  Lay,  Alaska 

Point  of  Rocks,  Md 

Point  of  Rocks,  Mont... 

Point  Pleasant,  111 

Point  Pleasant,  Mo 

Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va. 
Point  Remove,  &c.,  Ark 

Point  Reyes,  Cal 

Point  Washington,  Fla. 

Pojuaque,  N.M 

Pojuaque,  N.M 

Pokagon,  Mich 

Poland,  Ark 

Poland,  Iowa 

Poland,  Me 

Poland,  N.Y 

13 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-towu 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

village 

village 

post-vill 

township 

village 

village 

township 

hamlet 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Gosper 

Pawnee 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Butler 

Pierce 

Washington 

Newton 

Bnil6 

Fleming 

Conway 

Bucks 

Ocean 

Lycoming 

Amador 

Hancock 

Marshall.. 

Cerro  Gordo 

Plymouth 

Russell 

Penobscot 

Plymouth 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hennepin 

Jefl'erson 

Grafton 

Chenango 

Washington 

Washington 

Ashtabula 

Richland 

Richland 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Montgomery.... 

Box  Elder 

Windsor 

Mercer 

Juneau 

Rock 

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Plymouth 

Kanawha 

Putnam 

Blount 

Randolph 

Bond 

Baker 

Hardeman 

Tazewell 

Putnam 

Bingham 

Moore 

Worcester 

Monroe 

Chester 

Madison 

Hampton 

Ringgold.. 

Hancock 

Rensselaer 

Klamath 

Warren 

Saunders 

Woodruff. 

Calhoun 

Posey 

Henderson 

Northumberl'd 
Mendocino 


Pender 

Arkansas.. 


Cameron., 


Frederick 

Beaver  Head... 

Warren 

New  Madrid.... 

Mason 

Conway 

Marin 

Washington.... 

Santa  F6 

Santa  Fe 

Cass 

Greene 

Buena  Vista-.. 
Androscoggin. 
Chautauqua.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,996 
377 


140 


723 

136 

2,537 

1,661 

777 

740 

593 

2,670 

339 

357 

1,073 

828 

7,093 

3,339 

1,025 

1,072 

443 

1,719 

1,302 

3,399 

836 

780 

1,700 

1,145 

7,318 

6,065 

1,916 

300 

1,075 

1,263 

840 

1,245 

1,482 

1,0.52 

694 

2,587 

145 


325 

369 

1,800 

192 


1,860 


1,939 

1,426 

1,208 

564 

1,278 

1,922 

552 

894 

1,672 


753 

1,020 

1,584 

1,161 

978 

926 

198 


432 


290 


915 
221 
1,036 
600 
403 
312 


1,323 

981 

133 

2,442 

1,639 


895 

745 

495 

1,788 

635 

210 

902 

334 

125 

924 

214 

2,336 

1,327 

777 

768 

710 

2,723 

246 

586 

1,096 

689 

7,314 

3,950 

1,172 

1,063 

719 

1,8.52 

1,156 

3,900 

1,212 

766 

1,686 

1,133 

8,363 

9,344 

2,244 

319 

765 

1,848 

829 

1,188 

1,366 

1,503 

597 

3,038 

284 

632 

507 

372 

366 

274 

2,953 

2,885 

2,330 

1,306 

1,866 

1,041 

513 

1,431 

1,917 

1,807 

834 

1,602 

141 

1,483 

899 

1,300 

1,741 

1,086 

1,270 

778 

709 

92 

K.V2 

11* 

127 

528 

170 

301 

479 

77 

364 

49 

812 

137 

1,863 

1,141 

770 

384 

665 

101 

1,214 

1,131 

683 

2,472 

1,608 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Poland,  0 

Poland,  O 

Polar,  Wis 

Polecat,  Ala 

Polecat,  Ga 

Polk,  Ark 

Polk,  Ark 

Polk,  Ark ..., 

Polk,  III 

Polk,  III 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Iowa , 

Polk,  Iowa , 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa. 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  O 

Polk,  O 

Polk,  Pa 

Polk,  Pa 

Polk,  Wis 

Polk  Center,  Minn 

Polksville,  Ga 

Polksville,  Ky 

Polkton,  Mich 

Polkton,  N.C 

Polkville,  Ala 

Pollard,  Ala 

Pollard,  Ala 

Pollard,  Ark 

Pollocksville,  N.C 

PoUocksville,  N.C 

Polo,  Ark , 

Polo,  III 

Polo,  Mo 

Polvadera,  N.M 

Pomeroy,  Idaho , 

Pomeroy,  Iowa 

Pomeroy,  0 

Pomeroy,  Wash 

Pomfret,  Conu , 

Pomfret,  N.Y 

Pomfret,  Vt 

Pomme  de  Terre,  Minn 

Pomona,  Cal 

Pomona,  III , 

Pomona,  Kan 

Pomona,  Kan , 

Pomona  View,  N.D , 

Pomonkey,  Md 

Pompey,  N.Y , 

Pompton,  N.J , 

Ponca,  Neb 

FoDca,  Neb , 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Fla 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Mo , 

Ponchatoula,  La 

Poncho  Springs,  Col..... 

Pond  Creek,  Ky 

Pond  Creek,  Ky 

Pond  Creek,  Mo 

Ponds,  Ga 

Pond  Spring,  Ga 

Ponil,  N.M , 

Ponil  Park,  N.M 

Pontiac,  III 

Pontiac,  HI 

Pontiac,  Mich 

Pontiac,  Mich 

Pontiac,  N.D 

Pontoosuc,  III 

Pontoosuc,  111 , 

Pontotoc,  Miss 

Pontotoc,  Tex , 

Pool  Mill,  Ga 

Poolesville,  Md 

Pop  Castle,  Ga. , 

Pope,  Ga ^ 

Pope,IU 


Banker 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-towu 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-twp 

poet*  town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

district 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 


County. 


Hahoning 

Mahoning 

Langlade 

Perry 

Habersham.... 

Calhoun 

Montgomery.. 

Newton 

Maconpin 

Pope 

Huntington... 

Marshall 

Monroe 

Washington... 

Benton 

Bremer 

Jefferson 

Marvin 

Polk 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Wapello 

Adair 

Atchison 

Cass 

Christian 

Dade 

DeKalb. 

Madison 

Nodaway 

Ray 

Saint  Clair..... 

Sullivan 

Ashland 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Washington... 

Polk 

Hall 

Bath 

Ottawa 

Anson 

Calhoun 

Escambia 

E!<cambia 

Clay 

Jones 

Jones 

Carroll 

Ogle 

Caldwell 

Socorro 

Ada 

Calhoun 

Meigs 

Garfield 

Windham 

Cliautauqua... 

Windsor 

Grant 

Los  Angeles... 

Jackson 

Franklin 

Franklin 

La  Moure 

Charles 

Onondaga 

Passaic 

Dixon , 

Dixon  

Holmes 

Stone 

Tangipahoa... 

Chaffee 

Jackson 

Pike 

Greene 

Warren 

Walker 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Cass 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Pontotoc 

Mason 

Troup 

Montgomery.. 

Putnam 

Jones. 

Fayette 


Popnlatiop. 


1880.      1890. 


2,512 
462 


667 

197 

440 

603 

459 

869 

931 

1,167 

1, 

1,043 

1,057 

1,410 

1,252 

1,180 

735 

443 

443 

893 

910 

716 

1,828 

1,499 

1,416 

1,117 

1,345 

875 

6,662 

1,534 

6a5 

3,002 

335 

6,518 

361 

1,100 

2,037 


877 
1,344 
2,688 

183 

892 
1,429 

347 


2,228 

53 

781 

1,819 
72 


185 
5,560 


1,470 

4,551 

1,139 

160 


1,396 
"'259 


1,276 
3,240 
2,251 


594 


293 
170 
1,900 
1,127 
1,009 
476 
1,356 


3,414 

2,242 
1,000 
4,509 


789 
266 
447 


901 
4,262 
921 
999 
700 

186 


2,692 
391 
444 

726 

270 

630 

834 

63T 

890 

873 

1,010 

1,949 

1,080 

919 

1,361 

1,233 

1,096 

669 

446 

809 

790 

865 

860 

1,690 

1,267 

2,236 

1,572 

1,731 

?1,()00 

7,102 

2,159 

688 

2,943 

264 

7,200 

616 

1,125 

2,071 

307 

796 

1,461 

2,584 

247 

802 

1,469 

389 

981 

2,259 

143 

1,240 

1,728 

415 

381 

671 

481 

4,726 

661 

1,471 

6,479 

865 

426 

3,634 

1,546 

960 

466 

47 

1,167 

3,869 

2,153 

663 

1,009 

297 

301 

469 

101 

2,463 

1,858 

865 

612 

1,805 

350 

164 

4,066 

2,784 

947 

6,200 

211 

742 

249 

636 

274 

620 

2,416 

1,178 

1,050 

6S« 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pope  Hlll,:Ga 

Poplar,  S.C. 

Poplar  Bluff,  Mo 

Poplar  Bluff,  Mo 

Poplar  Branch,  N.C.„... 

Poplar  Creek,  Ky 

Poplar  Creek,  Miss 

Poplar  Grove,  Ark 

Poplar  Grove,  III 

Poplar  Grove,  Ky 

Poplar  Grove,  N.D 

Poplar  Hill,  Ga 

Poplar  Plains,  Ky 

Poplar  Plains,  Ky 

Poplar  Point,  N.C 

Poplar  Kidge,  Ala 

Poplar  River,  Minn 

Poplar  Spring,  Ga 

Poplar  Springs,  Ala 

Poplar  Springs,  Ala 

Poplar  Springs,  Ga, 

Poplar  Tent,  X.C 

Poplarville,  Miss 

Popof  Island,  Alaska... 

Poquoson,  Va 

Porcupine  River,  Alas.. 

Portage,  Ind 

Portage,  Ind 

Portage,  Mich 

Portage,  Mich 

Portage,  Mich 

Portage,  Mo 

Portage,  N.T 

Portage,  0 

Portage,  0 

Portage,  O 

Portage,  0 

Portage,  O 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  S.D 

Portage,  Utah 

Portage,  Wash 

Portage,  Wis 

Portage  Creek,  Pa 

Portage  des  Sioux,  Mo. 

Port  Alleghany,  Pa 

Port  Austin,  Mich 

Port  Austin,  Mich 

Port  Blakeley,Wa8h.... 

Port  Byron,  111 

Port  Byron,  111 

PortBryon,  N.Y 

Port  Carbon,  Pa 

Port  Chester,  N.Y 

Port  Clarence,  Alaska.. 

Port  Clinton,  0 

Port  Clinton,  Pa 

Port  Costa,  Cal 

Port  Crescent,  Wash.... 

Port  Deposit,  Md 

Port  Deposit,  Md 

Port  Dickinson,  N.Y.... 
Port  Discovery,  Wash... 

Port  Edwards,  Wis 

Porter,  Ala 

Porter,  Ark 

Porter,  Col 

Porter,  Ind 

Porter,  Me 

Porter,  Mich 

Porter,  Mich 

Porter,  Mich 

Porter,  Mo 

Porter,  Neb- ^ 

Porter,  N.Y 

Porter,  O 

Porter,  0 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa. 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Wis 

Porterfleld,  Wis 

Porter  Mill,  Ga 

Porter's  Mills,  Wis 

Portersville,  Ala 

Portersville,  Cal 

Portersville,  Pa 

Port  Ewen,  N.Y 

Port  Fulton,  Ind 

186 


Rank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-beat 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

luil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

village 

mag.-dist 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-boro' 

poBt-vill 

township 


County. 


Jefferson 

Orangeburg.-, 

Butler 

Butler 

Currituck 

Knox 

Montgomery.. 

Phillips 

Boone 

Owen 

Burleigh 

Telfair 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Martin 

Madison 

Polk 

Banks 

DeKalb 

Tallapoosa 

Clayton 

Cal»rru8.„ 

Pearl  Eiver.... 


York 


Porter 

Saint  Joseph... 

Houghton 

Kalamazoo 

Mackinac 

New  Madrid... 

Livingston 

Hancock 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Wood 

Wood 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Cameron 

Potter 

Brown 

Box  Elder 

Snohomish 

Columbia. 

McKean 

Saint  Charles., 

McKean 

Huron 

Huron 

Kitsap 

Rock  Island.... 
Rock  Island.... 

Cayuga.... 

Schuylkill 

Westchester.... 


Ottawa 

Schuylkill 

Contra  Costa.. 

Clallam 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Broome 

Jefferson 

Wood 

Montgomery. 

Crawford 

Ouray 

Porter 

Oxford 

Cass 

Midland 

Van  Buren.... 

Christian 

Richardson... 

Niagara., 

Delaware 

Sciota 

Clarion 

Clinton 

Huntingdon.. 

Jefferson 

Lycoming 

Pike 

Schuylkill 

Rock 

Marinette 

Habersham... 

Fan  Clair 

De  Kalb 

Tulare 

Butler. 

Ulster 

CUrke 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,881 

1,512 

1,778 

791 

1,814 

1,310 

2,353 

119 

163 

1,232 


1,865 
278 


944 


930 
1,918 
1,495 


1,972 


808 

14,050 

2,863 

1,007 


503 

1,296 

914 

2,094 

2,540 

1,434 

304 

766 

274 

186 

114 


4,346 


2,641 
731 

1,366 
757 


934 

799 

1,146 

2,346 

3,254 


1,600 
686 


4,260 

1,950 

373 


348 
2,809 


980 
1,095 
1,954 

302 
1,224 

838 

546 
2,278 

925 
2,274 
1,692 
1,056 
1,0.39 

669 

636 

99 

2,625 

1,224 


202 

216 

1,580 

907 


1,746 

2,137 

4,796 

2,187 

1,910 

1,205 

2,090 

200 

232 

1,516 

8 

364 

1,869 

229 

880 

980 

378 

1,127 

628 

1,063 

•1,103 

1,736 

232 

146 

2,468 

150 

954 

22,858 

3,531 

941 

171 

446 

1,130 

811 

2,572 

2,669 

2,328 

438 

1,810 

564 

226 

314 

611 

646 

129 

6,143 

690 

2,309 

1,230 

1,469 

571 

967 

855 

775 

1,105 

1,976 

6,274 

485 

2,049 

606 

627 

364 

4,313 

1,908 

345 

913 

682 

2,916 

400 

90 

1,121 

1,015 

1,575 

504 

1,091 

1,057 

747 

2,210 

774 

2,401 

1,861 

1,038 

906 

647 

1,007 

89 

3,691 

1,235 

460 

148 

1,196 

394 

:606 

190 

1,211 

1,104 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Port  Gamble,  Wash 

Port  Gamble,  Wash 

Port  Gibson,  Miss 

Port  Henry,  N.Y 

Port  Hope,  Mich 

Port  Huron,  Mich„ 

Port  Huron,  Mich 

Portia,  Ark 

Port  Jefferson,  O 

Port  Jervis,  N.Y 

Port  Jervis,  N.Y 

Portland,  Ala 

Portland,  Ark 

Portland,  Col 

Portland,  Col 

Portland,  Conn 

Portland,  Fla 

Portland,  III 

Portland,  Ind 

Portland,  Iowa. 

Portland,  Iowa. 

Portland,  Iowa 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Mich 

Portland,  Mich 

Portland,  N.Y 

Portland,  N.D 

Portland,  O 

Portland,  Ore 

Portland,  Pa 

Portland,  S.D 

Portland,  W.  Va. 

Portland,  Wis 

Portland,  Wis 

Port  Lavaca,  Tex 

Port  Leyden,  N.Y 

Port  Louisa,  Iowa 

Port  Ludlow,  Wash 

Port  Ludlow,  Wash 

Port  Madison,  Wash.... 
Port  Madison,  Wash.... 

Port  Orchard,  Wash 

Port  Orford,  Ore 

Port  Penn,  Del 

Port  Perry,  Pa 

Port  Richmond,  N.Y.... 

Port  Royal,  Ky 

Port  Royal,  Pa 

Port  Royal,  Pa 

Port  Royal,  SC 

Port  Royal,  Va 

Port  Royal,  Va. 

Portsmouth,  Iowa. 

Portsmouth,  Mich 

Portsmouth,  N.H 

Portsmouth,  N.C 

Portsmouth,  0 

Portsmouth,  R.I 

Portsmouth,  Va. 

Port  Tampa,  Fla 

Port  Tobacco,  Md 

Port  Tobacco,  Md 

Port  Townsend,  Wash.. 
Port  Townsend,  Wash.. 

Port  Union,  0 

Portville,  N.Y 

Port  Washington,  O 

Port  Washington, Wash 
Port  Washington,  Wis. 
Port  Washington,  Wis.. 

Port  William,  0 

Posen,  Mich 

Posen,  Minn 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ky 

Poseyville,  Ind 

Posom  Rock,  Tenn 

Post,  Iowa 

Post  Oak,  Ga 

Post  Oak,  Mo 

Post  Oak,  Tex 

Postville,  Iowa 

Potomac,  Md 

Potomac,  Va 

Potosi,  Kan 

Potosi,  Mo 

Potosi,  Wis 

Potrero,  Cal 

Potsdam,  N.Y 

Potsdam,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

poBt-vill 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-Till 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

village 

post-boro' 

poet- town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


mag. 
post- 
civil 


;.-di8t 
•town 
■dist 


township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 


district 

mag.-dist 

township 


post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 


County. 


Kitsap 

Kitsap 

Claiborne 

Essex 

Huron 

Saint  Clair.... 
Saint  Clair.... 

Lawrence 

Shelby 

Orange 

Suffolk 

Dallas; 

Ashley 

Ouray 

Ouray 

Middlesex 

Walton 

Whiteside 

Jay 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Kossuth 

Plymouth 

Cumberland.. 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Chautauqua.. 

Traill 

Erie 

Multnomah... 
Northampton 

Deuel 

Preston 

Dodge 

Monroe 

Calhoun 

Lewis 

Louisa 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Kitsap 

Kitsap 

Kitsap 

Curry 

New  Castle.... 

Alleghany 

Richmond-... 

Henry 

Danphin 

Juniata 

Beaufort. 

Caroline 

Caroline , 

Shelby 

Bay 

Rockingham. 

Carteret 

Scioto 

Newport 

Norfolk 

Hillsborough. 

Charles 

Charles 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Butler 

Cattaraugus.. 
Tuscarawas... 

Kitsap 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Clinton 

Presque  Isle.. 
Yellow  Med.. 

Clay 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Rush 

Switzerland.. 
Washington.. 

Madison 

Posey 

Scott 

Allamakee ... 

Cobb 

Johnson 

Jack 

Allamakee ... 
Montgomery. 
King  Creorge. 

Linn 

Washington.. 

Grant 

San  Diego 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


421 

2^494 

iVoio 


421 
8,678 
1,724 

8:37 
1,085 


4,157 

900 

926 

1,694 

629 

631 

305 

33,810 

2,809 

1,670 

2,014 


15,838 

17,577 

608 


2,875 
1,271 
1,056 


212 


223 

252 

1,100 

3,561 

2,103 

565 

621 

387 

3,826 

347 


779 

9,690 

222 

11,321 

1,979 

11,390 


2,227 
202 


917 

76 

2,400 

634 


2,601 

1,386 

181 

858 

133 

2,477 

981 

1,039 

1,978 

1,846 

2,105 

1,411 

839 


1,650 

650 

1,868 


732 


2,222 

2,347 

715 

2,375 


7,610 
2,762 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Pottawatomie,  Kan 

Pottawatomie,  Kan 

Pottawatomie,  Kain 

Potter,  Neb 

Potter,  N.Y 

Potter,  Pa 

Potter  Valley,  Cal 

Potterville,  Mich 

Potta,  Mich 

PottB,  S.O 

Pottsborou^h,  Tex 

Pottsdani,  Neb 

Pott's  GroTe,  Pa. 

Pottstown,  Pa 

Pottsville,  Ky 

Pottsville,  Pa 

Poughkeepsie,  N.Y 

Pougbkeepsie,  N.Y , 

Poultney,  Vt 

Poundridge,  N.Y 

Poway,  Cal 

Powderborn,  Col 

Powder  Springs,  Ga 

Powder  Springs,  Ga 

Powel,  Neb 

Powell,  Ark 

Powell,  Ark 

Powell,  Ga 

Powell,  Kan 

Powell,  S.D 

Powell,  Va 

Powell  Creek,  Col 

Powell's  Valley,  Ore.... 

Powellton,  Ga 

Powellton,  Va 

Powellton,  W.  Va 

Poweshiek,  Iowa 

Powhatan,  Ark 

Powhatan,  Iowa 

Powhatan,  Md 

Powhatan,  Va 

Powhattan,  Kan 

Pownal,  Me 

Pownal,  Vt 

Poygan,  Wig 

Poyner,  Iowa. 

Poynette,  Wig 

Poy  Sippi,  Wis 

Prague,  Neb 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  111 

Prairie,  111 

Prairie,  111 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Kan 

Prairie,  Kan 

Prairie,  Kan 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo , 

Prairie,  Mo , 

Prairie,  Neb 

Prairie,  N.D 


Bank  of 
place. 


po«t-twp 

township 

township 

poet-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

poBt-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Coffey..™ 

Franklin 

Pottawatomie... 

Cheyenne 

Yates 

Centre 

Mendocino 

Eaton 

Oscoda 

Florence 

Grayson 

Webster 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Washington 

Schuylkill 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Rutland 

Westchester..... 

San  Diego. 

Gunnison 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Jefferson 

Faulkner 

Craighead 

Johnson 

Comanche 

Edmunds 

Scott 

Rio  Blanco 

Multnomah 

Hancock 

Bmnswick 

Fayette 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Pocahontas 

Baltimore 

James  City 

Brown 

Cumberland 

Bennington 

Winnebago 

Black  Hawk.... 

Columbia 

Waushara 

Saunders 

Arkansas 

Boone 

Carroll 

Cleveland 

Drew 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Lonoke 

Madison 

Marion 

Newton 

Saint  Francis... 

Searcy  

Sebastian 

Washington 

Yell 

Edgar 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Henry 

Kosciusko 

Tipton 

Warren 

White 

Davis 

Delaware 

Fremont 

Keokuk 

Kossuth 

Mahaska 

Jewell 

Wilson 

Wyandotte 

Audrain 

Bates 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Howard 

Jackson 

Lincoln 

McDonald 

Montgomery.... 

Pettis 

Randolph 

Schuyler 

Phelps. 

La  Moure 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


471 

817 

1,105 

66 

1,940 

2,375 


471 
"927 


485 
3,984 
6,305 
1,282 

13,253 
4,628 

20,207 
2,717 
1,034 


1,978 


3,513 


358 

772 

2,933 


1,282 
196 
258 


1,488 
1,214 

874 
2,019 

925 
1,1.57 

366 
1,031 


1,359 
667 

2,190 
405 
643 

2,417 
690 
666 

1,441 
839 
751 
338 
331 
927 

5,110 


1,031 

1,223 

2,142 

1,708 

1,206 

1,922 

988 

2,140 

719 

693 

611 

1,105 


1,883 

701 

423 

1,161 

1,780 

841 


1,628 

2,686 

3,270 

988 

762 

2,774 

766 

3,081 

2,227 


791 

1,062 

956 

430 

1,680 

1,764 

638 

606 

508 

1,202 

286 

1,402 

1,886 

13,286 

1,188 

14,117 

4,782 

22,206 

3,031 

830 

406 

57 

1,808 

262 

300 

326 

907 

620 

193 

234 

4,336 

34 

800 

765 

2,898 

491 

2,105 

220 

648 

310 

1,536 

1,494 

712 

1,919 

747 

990 

517 

912 

185 

2,321 

617 

2,966 

1,882 

881 

2,671 

806 

734 

1,600 

969 

868 

1,142 

448 

1,013 

6,032 

506 

1,078 

1,088 

2,267 

1,663 

1,098 

2,191 

763 

1,885 

731 

688 

691 

1,629 

434 

2,044 

773 

461 

1,042 

2,112 

710 

744 

1,483 

2,107 

4,186 

972 

1,423 

2,644 

696 

3,066 

2,377 

1,609 

208 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Prairie,  0 

Prairie,  O 

Prairie,  S.D 

Prairie  Bayou,  Ark 

Prairie  Bluff,  Ala 

Prairie  Centre,  N.D 

Prairie  Centre,  S.D 

Prairie  Centre,  S.D 

Prairie  City,  111 

Prairie  City,  111 

Prairie  City,  Iowa 

Prairie  City,  Ore„ 

Prairie  Creek,  111 

Prairie  Creek,  Ind 

Prairie  Creek,  Iowa 

Prairie  Creek,  Neb 

Prairie  Creek,  Neb 

Prairie  Creek,  Neb 

Prairie  Creek,  Ore 

Prairie  Dog,  Kan 

Prairie  Dog,  Kan 

Prairie  Dog,  Neb 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.. 
Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.. 

Prairie  du  Long,  111 

Prairie  du  Long,  111 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  111.. 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  III.. 

Prairie  du  Sac,  Wis 

Prairie  du  Sac,  Wis 

Prairie  Farm,  Wis 

Prairie  Gregg,  La 

Prairie  Green,  111 

Prairie  Grove,  Ark 

Prairie  Grove,  Ark 

Prairie  Hill,  Ala 

Prairie  Home,  Mo 

Prairie  Island,  Neb 

Prairie  Roiide,  Mich.... 
Prairie  Spring,  Iowa.... 

Prairieton,  111 

Prairieton,  Ind 

Prairie  View,  Kan 

Prairie  View,  Minn 

Prairieville,  Mich 

Prairieville,  Minn 

Prairieville,  Mo.. 

Prather's  Creek,  N.C.... 

Pratt,  Kan 

Pratt  Mines,  Ala 

Prattsburg,  Ga 

Prattsburg,  N.Y 

Prattsburg,  N.Y 

Prattsville,  N.Y 

Prattsville,  N.Y 

Prattville,  Ala 

Prattville,  Ala 

Preble,  Ind 

Preble,  Minn 

Preble,  N.Y 

Preble,  Wis 

Pre-emption,  III 

Prentice,  Wis 

Prentice,  Wis 

Prentiss,  Me 

Prescott,  Ariz 

Prescott,  Ark 

Prescott,  Iowa 

Prescott,  Kan 

Prescott,  Mass 

Prescott,  Minn 

Prescott,  Wash 

Prescott,  Wis 

President,  Pa 

Presque  Isle,  Me 

Presque  Isle,  Mich 

Presto,  Minn 

Preston,  Ala 

Preston,  Conn 

Preston,  Idaho 

Preston,  III 

Preston,  III 

Preston,  Iowa 

Preston,  Iowa 

Preston,  Ky 

Preston,  Minn 

Preston,  Minn 

Preston,  Mo , 

Preston,  Mo 

Preston,  N.Y 

Preston,  Pa 

Preston,  S.D 

Preston,  Wis 

Preston,  Wis 

Prestonburg,  Ky 

Prestonburg,  Ky 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

ward 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post  twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 


Connty. 


Franklin 

Holmes 

Union 

Hot  Spring 

Wilcox 

Walsh 

Clay 

Spink 

McDonough.... 
McDonough.... 

Jasper 

Grant 

Logan 

Vigo 

Dubuque 

Hall 

Merrick 

Nance 

Wallowa , 

Decatur 

Sheridan 

Harlan 

Crawford , 

Crawford , 

Monroe 

Saint  Clair  ....c 

Randolph , 

Randolph , 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Barron , 

Vermilion 

Iroquois 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Lowndes. 

Cooper 

Merrick 

Kalamazoo 

Jackson 

Christian 

Vigo 

Phillips 

Wilkin 

Barry 

Brown 

Pike 

Alleghany 

Pratt 

Jefferson 

Talbot 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Greene 

Greene 

Autauga 

Autauga 

Adams 

Fillmore 

Cortland 

Brown 

Mercer 

Price 

Price 

Penobscot 

Yavapai 

Nevada. 

Adams 

Linn 

Hampshire.... 

Faribault 

Walla  Walla.. 

Pierce 

Venango 

Aroostook 

Presque  Isle... 

Todd 

Sumter 

New  London.. 

Oneida 

Richland 

Union 

Jackson 

Plymouth 

Bath 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Jasper 

Platte..» 

Chenango 

Wayne 

Brookings 

Adams 

Trempealeau.. 

Floyd 

Floyd 


PopnlatioD. 


1880.   1890. 


1,926 
1,462 


1,358 
1,863 


1,359 
944 
691 


1,112 
1,382 


400 


314 

612 


337 

724 
2,777 
1,461 


1,189 
228 
613 
433 
828 

1,044 
962 
994 


798 

905 

83 

1,100 

1,027 

960 

1,020 

638 

156 

1,191 

552 

1,283 

1,040 


975 
2,349 

661 
1,118 

398 


977 

997 

900 

1,138 

1,153 

1,113 


416 
1,8.% 
1,263 
891 
161 
460 
605 


976 

416 

2,446 

228 


1,486 
2,623 


1,220 
283 


236 
1,156 
1,826 

939 
1,040 
1,608 

909 
1,692 


136 

1,630 

936 

266 

187 


1,776 

1,424 

1,27* 

61T 

1,676. 

68e- 

610- 

141 

1,2M 

812 

684 

222 

1,036- 

1,64» 

808- 

377 

702 

635 

280 

237 

184 

393 

602 

2,131 

1,287 

1,106 

1,396 

408 

618 

562 

1,047 

1,893 

915 

1,337 

412 

814 

1,051 

91 

998 

764 

1,067 

962 

666 

283 

1;040 

730 

1,126 

1,215 

1,418 

1,946 

849 

2,170 

607 

876 

384 

3,143 

724 

1,122 

780 

886 

1,160 

864 

670 

365 

401 

1,759 

1,287 

1,017 

241 

376 

613 

313 

911 

366 

3,046 

219 

686 

1,167 

2,663 

1,504 

1,307 

316 

489 

666 

1,363 

1,680 

1,680 

1,366 

1,696 

702 

1,317 

280 

209 

1,811 

1,248 

3C& 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


PrestoD  Lake,  Minn.... 
Prestonville,  Ac,  Ky.. 

Price,  Ark 

Price,  Ga 

Price,  Ga 

Price,  Pa 

Price,  Utah 

Price,  Utah 

Price,  Wis 

Prices,  Fla 

Price's  Creek,  N.C 

Priceville,  Ky , 

Pride,  Ala 

Priinghar,  Iowa , 

Primrose,  N.D 

Primrose,  Wis 

Princess  Anne,  Md 

Princess  Anne,  Md 

Princeton,  Ark 

Princeton,  Ark 

Princeton,  111 

Jrlncetou,  III 

Princeton,  111 

Princeton,  Ind 

Trinceton,  Ind 

Princeton,  Iowa 

Princeton,  Iowa 

Princeton,  Ky 

Princeton,  Ky 

Princeton,  Me 

Princeton,  Mass 

•Princeton,  Minn 

Princeton,  Minn 

Princeton,  Mo 

Princeton,  N.J 

Princeton,  N.J 

Princeton,  N.C 

Princeton,  W.  Va 

Princeton,  Wis 

Princeton,  Wis 

Princetown,  N.T 

Princeville,  111 

Priuceville,  111 

Princeville,  N.C 

Prineville,  Ore 

Priueville,  Ore 

Prior,  Minn 

Privateer,  S.C 

Proctor,  Ark 

Proctor,  Ky 

Proctor,  Ky 

Proctor,  Vt 

Proctor,  W.  Va 

ProctorvlUe,  O 

Promised  Land,  Ark.... 

Promontory,  Utah 

Pronipton,  Pa 

Prophetstown,  III 

Prophetstown,  111 

Prospect,  Conn 

Prospect,  Kan 

Prospect,  Me 

Prospect,  0 

Prospect,  0 

Prospect,  Ore 

Prospect,  Pa 

Prospect  Park,  111 

Prosper,  S.D 

Prosperity,  S.C 

Prosser,  Ga 

Protection,  Kan 

Provencal,  La , 

Providence,  Ala 

Providence,  Ala 

Providence,  Cal 

Providence,  Fla 

Providence,  Iowa 

Providence,  Iowa 

Providence    and   Anti 

och,  Ky 

Providence,  Ky 

Providence,  Ky 

Providence,  Minn 

Providence,  N.Y 

Providence,  N.C 

Providence,  N.C 

Providence,  N.C 

Providence,  N.C 

Providence,  0 

Providence,  Pa 

Providence,  K.I 

Providence,  S.C 

Providence,  S.C 

Providence,  Tenn 

Providence,  Utah 

Providence,  Va , 

188 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post- town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-boro' 

village 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-distj 


County. 


Renville 

Carroll 

Washington... 
Haralson....... 

Johnson 

Monroe 

Emery 

Emery 

Langlade 

Duval 

Yancey 

Hart 

Colbert 

O'Brien 

Steele 

Dane 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Cass.  

Bureau 

Bureau 

Gibson 

White 

Scott 

Scott 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Washington... 

Worcester 

MilleLacs 

Mille  Lacs 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Johnston 

Mercer 

Green  Lake... 
Green  Lake ... 
Schenectady.. 

Peoria. 

Peoria 

Edgecombe. .. 

Crook 

Crook 

Big  Stone 

Sumter 

Crittenden 

Lee 

Lee 

Rutland 

Wetzel 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Box  Elder 

Wayne 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

New  Haven.... 

Butler 

Waldo 

Marion 

Marion 

Umatilla 

Butler 

DuPage 

Davison 

Newberry 

Washington... 

Comanche 

Natchitoches.. 

Chilton 

Pickens 

San  Bernardino 

Bradford 

Buena  Vista. 
Hardin 


Trimble 

Webster 

Webster 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Saratoga 

Mecklenburg 
Pasquotank... 

Randolph 

Rowan 

Lucas 

Lancaster 

ProTidence..., 
Orangeburg... 

Sumter , 

Trousdale 

Cache , 

Fairfax 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


256 
3,475 


660 
"262 


2,768 
647 
143 


4,107 
761 

.1,294 
205 


4,810 
3,439 
2,566 
1,395 
1,227 
494 
4,768 
1,234 
1,038 
1,100 
330 
687 
1,240 
4,348 
3,209 


2,074 
961 
826 

1,682 
609 


1,103 


678 
2,171 
2,280 


100 


2,662 
385 


131 
310 

1,709 
803 
492 
841 
770 

1,724 
609 


362 
197 


367 
811 


1,695 
415 


761 

376 

1,151 

1J19 

1,722 

267 

177 

994 

2,189 

783 

930 

1,585 

1,164 

2,134 

104,857 

1,260 

2,034 

323 

578 

3,850 


?300 

3,743 

573 

1,042 

303 

181 

602 

209 

233 

1,489 

1,063 

?  2,800 

627 

519 

316 

889 

4,414 

865 

1,333 

164 

321 

4,491 

3,396 

3,076 

1,466 

1,032 

398 

5,661 

1,857 

1,027 

982 

619 

816 

1,410 

4,231 

3,422 

248 

320 

2,153 

986 

732 

1,663 

641 

428 

835 

460 

652 

2,697 

2,880 

963 

277 

1,758 

2,616 

480 

206 

70 

269 

1,568 

694 

445 

820 

697 

1,765 

830 

288 

343 

473 

225 

666 

1,038 

304 

482 

2,079 

456 

119 

906 

648 

1,079 

1,042 

2,309 

522 

400 

874 

2,499 

675 

1,040 

1,864 

1,265 

1,856 

132,146 

1,591 

2,333 

247 

782 

3,936 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Provincetown,  Mass... 

Proviso,  111 

Provo  Bench,  Utah.... 

Provo  City,  Utah 

Prussia,  Iowa 

Pryorsburg,  Ky 

Pryorsburg,  Ky 

Puckett,  Ga , 

Puckett,  Ky 

Pueblo,  Col 

Puertocito,  N.M 

Puerto  de  Luna,  N.M, 
Puesta  de  Luna,  N.M... 

Pukwana,  S.D 

Pulaski,  Ark 

Pulaski,  111 

Pulaski,  Mich 

Pulaski,  N.Y 

Pulaski,  N.D 

Pulaski,  O 

Pulaski,  Pa. 

Pulaski,  Pa 

Pulaski,  S.C 

Pulaski,  Tenn 

Pulaski,  Wis 

Pulaski  City,  Va 

Pullen,  Ga 

Pullman,  Wash 

Pulteney,  N.Y 

Pultney,0 

Pumpkin,  Ark 

Pumpkin,  Neb 

Pumpkintown,  S.C 

Pumpkin  Vine,  Ga 

Puncheon,  Ky 

Puncheon,  Ky 

Pungo,  Va 

Pungoteague,  Va 

Pniita  de  Agua,  N.M.... 

Punta  Gorda,  Fla 

Punta  Gorda,  Fla 

Punta  Rassa,  Fla 

Punxsutawney,  Pa 

Purdum,  Neb 

Purdy,  Ga 

Purdy,  Mo 

Purdy,  Tenn 

Purvis,  Miss. 

Puryear,  Ga 

Puslieta,  O 

Putah,  Cal 

Put-in  Bay,  0 

Put-in  Bay.O 

Putnam,  Conn 

Putnam,  111 

Putnam,  Iowa 

Putnam,  Iowa 

Putnam,  Kan 

Putnam,  Kan 

Putnam,  Mich 

Putnam,  N.Y 

Putnam  Valley,  N.Y.... 

Putnamville,  Ind 

Putney,  Vt 

Puxico,  Mo 

Puyallup,  Wash 

Puyallup,  Wash 

Pybus  Bay,  Alas 

Pycatt,  Ark 

Pymatuning,  Pa 

Pymosa,  Iowa 

Pyramid  Harbor,  Alas.. 

Quaker  City,  0 

Quaker  Gap,  N.C 

Quaker  Meadow,  N.C... 

Quakertown,  Pa 

Quallatown,  N.C. 

Quanali,  Tex 

Quantico,  Md 

Quarry,  111 

Quartz,  Cal 

Quartzburg,  Idaho 

Queakhpaghamute, 

Alaska 

Queen,  Minn 

Queen  Anne,  Md 

Queen  City,  Mo 

Queen  City,  Tex 

Queensbury,  N.Y 

Queenstown,  Md 

Queenstown,  Pa 

Quelelochamute,  Alas... 

Quemado,  N.M 

Quemahoning,  Pa 

Quenemo,  Kan... 

Queue  Tortne,  La 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

townshii) 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro" 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

po8t>vill 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

township 

township 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

district 

post-boro' 

village 

precinct 

post-twp ' 

post-vill 

ward 


County. 


Barnstable 

Cook 

Utah 

Utah 

Adair 

Graves 

Graves 

Gwinnett 

Harlan 

Pueblo 

San  Miguel 

Guadaloupe 

San  Miguel 

Brol6 

Lonoke 

Pulaski 

Jackson 

Oswego 

Walsh 

Williams 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Oconee 

Giles 

Iowa 

Pulaski 

Johnson 

Whitman 

Steuben 

Belmont 

Woodruff. 

Banner 

Pickens.. 

Paulding 

Allen 

Magoffin 

Princess  Anne. 

Accomack 

Valencia 

DeSoto 

DeSoto 

Lee 

Jefferson 

Thomas 

Dawson 

Barry 

McNairy 

Marion 

Clarke 

Auglaize 

Yolo 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Windham 

Fulton 

Fayette 

Linn 

AndersoH 

Stafford 

Livingston 

Washington.... 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Windham 

Stoddard 

Pierce 

Pierce 


Pulaski., 
Mercer.. 
Cass 


Guernsey... 

Stokes 

Burke 

Bucks 

Jackson 

Hardeman. 
Wicomico.. 

Jersey 

Plumas 

BoisS 


Polk 

Prince  George's 

Schuyler 

Cass 

Warren 

Queen  Anne's.. 
Armstrong 


Rio  Arriba., 
Somerset 


Vermilion.. 


Population. 


1880.   1890. 


4,346 
3,061 


3,432 
5,36 

2,168 
129 


290 
3,217 


655 

819 

1,168 

1,601 


4,430 
903 

1,684 
741 

2,089 

1,402 


243 


1,660 
10,492 


841 

600 

1,022 


2,436 
6,504 


674 
445 


657 

1,456 

1,060 

1,222 

381 

5,827 

1,917 

790 

887 

626 


1,294 
611 

1,555 
204 

1,124 


297 


928 
2,319 


594 
2,681 

884 
1,769 

967 


1,608 
1,268 
1,006 


2,346 

357 

301 

9,805 

2,953 

217 


1,339 
122 
864 


4,642 

6,331 

435 

5,159 

748 

2,425 

227 

896 

283 

24,658 

193 

658 

318 

374 

1,051 

1,435 

1,046 

1,617 

632 

4,553 

1,196 

1,609 

658 

2,274 

1,239 

2,112 

432 

868 

1,769 

12,867 

159 

313 

973 

627 

1,113 

437 

2,605 

6,217 

290 

:^44 

262 

165 

2,792 

163 

363 

325 

262 

287 

1,006 

1,437 

978 

1,051 

282 

6,512 

2,136 

710 

943 

638 

267 

1,242 

668 

1,193 

204 

1,075 

212 

2,001 

1,732 

26 

399 

2,095 

865 

77 

845 

3,001 

1,023 

2,169 

1,085 

1,477 

1,5.38 

1,333 

935 

124 

75 
373 

2,152 

377 

672 

11,849 

2,767 
123 
112 
310 

1,453 
643 

1,39S 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Qnewhiffle,  N.C 

Quid  Nunc,  Ala 

Quiechloh-chamute, 
Alaska 

Quiechochlogamute, 
Alaska 

Quilcene,  Wash 

Quillian,  Ga 

Qullochugamute,  Alas.. 

Qulncy,  Cal 

Quincy,  Fla 

Quincy,  111 

Qulncy,  Iowa 

Quincy,  Kan 

Quincy,  Ky 

Quiucy,  Ky 

Quincy,  Mass 

Quincy,  Mich 

Quincy,  Mich 

Quincy,  Mich 

Quincy,  Minn 

Quiucy,  0 

Quincy,  Pa 

Quincy,  Teun 

Quincy,  Wis 

Quiiidaro,  Kan 

Quinhaghaniute,  Alaa.. 

Quinnesec,  Mich 

Quinnimont,  W.  Va 

Quintaua,  Tex 

Quinton,  N.J 

Quitman,  Ark 

Quitman,  Ga 

Quitman,  Ga 

Quitman,  Miss 

Quitman,  Miss 

Quitman,  Mo 

Quiver,  III 

Quosatin,  Ore 

Rabbit  Town,  Ala 

Rabbitville,  Ga 

Baccoon,  111 

Raccoon,  Ind 

Raccoon,  Ky 

Raccoon,  O 

Baccoon,  Pa. 

Race  Pond,  Ga 

Bacine,  Minn 

Bacine,  Wis 

Badersburg,  Mont 

Badford,  Va 

Badfordsville,  Ala 

Badnor,  111 

Badnor,  0 

Baduor,-  Pa 

Eaftiug  Creek,  S.C 

Raglan,  Iowa 

Rahn,  Pa. 

Rahway,  N.J 

Railroad,  Ark 

Bailroad,  Ind 

Bailroad,  Pa 

Bailsbacb,  Fla 

Bainier,  Ore 

Rainier,  Ore 

Rainsburg,  Pa 

Raisin,  Mich 

Baisinville,  Mich 

Baleigh,  Ala 

Baleigh,Ill 

Baleigh,  Ky 

Baleigh,  Ky 

Baleigh,  N.C 

Baleigh,  N.C 

Raleigh,  Tenn 

Raleigh  C.-H.,  W.  Va... 

Ralpho,  Pa 

Ralston,  Col 

Ralston's  Station,Tenn. 

Bamah,  N.M 

Bamapo,  N.Y 

Bam  Horn,  Ga 

Ramsay,  Iowa 

Bamsaytown,  N.C. 

Ramsey,  111 

Ramsey,  111 

Ramsey,  Minn 

Bamsey,  S.D 

Bamshorn,  Idaho 

Banch,  Neb 

Ranch,  Utah 

Ranches  de  Albu- 
querque, N.M 

Ranchos  de  Atrisco, 
N.M 

Ranchos  La  Joya,  N.M. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
poet-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

hamlet 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 
precinct 


County. 


Cumberland.. 
Limestone.... 


Jefferson . 
Hall 


Plumas 

Gadsden , 

Adams 

Adams 

Greenwood., 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Norfolk 

Branch 

Branch 

Houghton..., 

Olmsted 

Logan , 

Franklin.... 

Crockett 

Adams 

Wyandotte.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


Dickinson , 

Fayette , 

Brazoria 

Salem 

Cleburne 

Brooks 

Brooks 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Nodaway 

Mason 

Curry , 

Calhoun 

Clinch 

Marion 

Parke 

Laurel 

Gallia 

Beaver. 

Charlton 

Mower 

Bacine 

Jefferson 

Montgomery ... 

Perry 

Peoria 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Sumter 

Harrison 

Schuylkill 

Union 

Chicot 

Starke 

York 

Calhoun 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Bedford 

Lenawee 

Monroe 

Pickens 

Saline 

Allen 

Union 

Wake 

Wake 

Shelby 

Raleigh 

Northumberl'd 

Jefferson 

Weakley 

Valencia 

Bockland 

Tatnall 

Kossuth 

Yancey 

Fayette 

Fayette „.. 

Anoka 

McCook  

Custer 

Sheridan 

Kane 


1,012 


432 

639 

27,268 

2,346 
573 

1,405 

162 

10,570 

2,526 

1,120 

1,490 
745 
442 

3,187 
748 
397 

2,123 


Bernalillo.. 


Bernalillo., 
Socorro 


47 

1,390 

177 

3,692 

1,400 

2,521 

410 

335 

827 


831 

724 

1,181 

1,294 


1,821 
1,092 


885 
16,031 


1,246 

1,197 

1,209 

1,924 

2,176 

432 

2,129 

6,455 

947 

730 

220 


372 


280 
1,564 
2,035 

561 
1,396 
1,2.37 
1,470 
13,843 
9,265 

108 

144 


1,594 


4,954 
649 
186 
675 

1,742 
376 
387 


1,448 
1,210 

83 

65 

274 

1,203 

12 

546 

681 

31,494 

2,472 

877 

1,701 

279 

16,723 

2,586 

1,250 

1,258 

687 

488 

2,972 

738 

393 

1,997 

109 

322 

2,659 

475 

1,307 

327 

3,937 

1,868 

2,492 

395 

332 

718 

87 

929 

422 

1,137 

1,702 

1,491 

1,594 

1,012 

295 

781 

21,014 

364 

2,060 

1,180 

1,096 

1,152 

3,799 

2,715 

566 

2,648 

7,106 

717 

875 

201 

113 

681 

238 

247 

1,444 

1,830 

628 

1,694 

1,297 

1,217 

16,784 

12,678 

139 

158 

1,001 

109 

1,812 

370 

5,910 

797 

864 

927 

1,990 

598 

398 

240 

70 

162 

120 

638 

403 
264 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bandall,  Kan 

Bandall,  Kan 

Bandall,  Wis 

Bandleman,  N.C 

Bandleman,  N.C 

Bandol,  Mo 

Bandolph,  Ala 

Bandolph,  Ark 

Randolph,  Ga 

Bandolph,  111 

Randolph,  Ind 

Bandolph,  Ind 

Bandolph,  Iowa. 

Bandolph,  Kan 

Bandolph,  Me 

Randolph,  Mass 

Randolph,  Minn 

Bandolph,  Mo 

Bandolph,  Neb 

Randolph,  N.H 

Randolph,  N.J 

Randolph,  N.J , 

Randolph,  N.Y 

Randolph,  N.Y 

Randolph,  O 

Randolph,  O 

Randolph,  Ore , 

Randolph,  Pa. 

Bandolph,  Utah 

Bandolph,  Vt 

Randolph,  Va , 

Randolph,  Wis 

Randolph,  Wis 

Range,  0 

Rangley,  Col 

Rangeley,  Me 

Rankin,  Ark 

Rankin,  III 

Rankin,  Neb 

Ransom,  111 

Ransom,  Mich 

Ransom,  Minn 

Ransom,  NC 

Ransom,  N.D 

Ransom,  Pa 

Rantoul,  111 

Rantoul,  111 

Rantoul,  Wis 

Raphe,  Pa 

Bapidan,  Minn 

Bapidan,  Va 

Rapid  City,  S.D , 

Bapides,  La 

Bapid  River,  Mich  ... 

Bapids,  Iowa 

Rapids  City,  111 

Rappahannock,  Pa... 
Rappahannock,  Va... 
Rappahannock,  Va... 

Rarden,  O 

Raritan,  N.J 

Raritan,  N.J 

Raritan,  N.J 

Raritan,  N.J 

Baritan,  N.D 

Baritan,  S.D 

Rathbone,  N.Y , 

Bathdrum,  Idaho 

Baton,  N.M 

Baton,  N.M 

Bavanua,  Mo 

Bavanna,  Mo 

Bavenna,  Mich 

Bavenna,  Minn 

Bavenna,  Neb 

Bavenna,  O 

Ravenna,  O 

Bavenna,  S.D 

Bavenna,  Tex 

Ravenswood,  W.  Va.. 
Ravenswood,  W.  Va.. 

Raw  Hide,  Ala 

Rawlings,  Md 

Rawlins,  Ga 

Rawlins,  III 

Rawlins,  Wyo 

Rawls,  Iowa 

Rawson,  0 

Bawville,  S.D 

Bay,  Ga 

Bay,  Ind 

Bay,  Ind 

Ray,  Mich 

Ray,  N.D 

Rayado,  N.M 

Rayborn,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

l)ost-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

post- ward 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

district 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Jewell 

Thomas 

Kenosha.... 
Randolph... 
Randolph... 
Cape  Girardeau 

Bibb 

Desha 

Jackson , 

McLean 

Ohio 

Tippecanoe 

Fremont 

Riley 

Kennebec 

Norfolk 

Dakota 

Saint  Fran9oi8., 

Cedar 

Coos 

Burlington 

Morris 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Montgomery.... 

Portage.. 

Coos 

Crawford 

Rich 

Orange 

Cumberland 

Columbia 

Dodge 

Madison 

Rio  Blanco 

Franklin 

Perry 

Vermilion 

Blaine 

La  Salle 

Hillbdale 

Nobles 

Columbus 

Sargent 

Lackawanna.... 

Champaign.. 

Champaign.., 

Calumet 

Lancaster.... 
Blue  Earth.. 

Madison , 

Pennington.. 

Bapides 

Kalkaska 

Linn 

Bock  Island. 
SchuylkilL... 

Fssex , 

King  George, 

Scioto 

Hunterdon... 
Middlesex...., 
Monmouth ... 

Somerset , 

Barnes 

Day 

Steuben , 

Kootenai 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Muskegon..., 

Dakota 

Buffalo 

Portage 

Portage 

Sanborn , 

Fannin 

Jackson 

Jackson , 

Lauderdale... 
Alleghany.... 

Dodge 

Jo  Daviess.... 

Carbon 

Mills 

Hancock. 

Codington 

Hart 

Franklin 

Morgan 

Macomb 

La  Moure 

Colfax 

Walker 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


451 

1,383 

1,027 

1,833 

1,929 

652 

1,845 

1,9.57 

3,377 

840 

213 

262 


4,027 
236 
765 


203 

428 
7,700 
2,459 
1,111 
2,327 
1,684 

363 
V 

446 
2,910 
3,125 
1,057 

421 
1,884 


563 


258 


132 
1,563 

165 
1.463 


646 
2,167 

850 
1,761 
3,799 

796 
2,712 

292 
2,919 

382 
12,008 

920 

731 
3,676 
2,176 


4,188 
3,789 
3,891 
2,046 


1,371 


1,672 
171 

1,189 
283 


4,224 
3,265 


3,805 
681 


928 
1,198 


1,461 
909 
227 


1,102 

2,141 

969 

1,538 


U9 


2.39 

1,040 

668 

2,527 

1,754 

1,761 

1,326 

800 

747 

1,833 

3,066 

786 

276 

306 

1,281 

3,946 

218 

837 

374 

137 

302 

7,972 

2,448 

1,201 

2,096 

1,492 

145 

1,906 

472 

3,232 

3,010 

974 

406 

1,787 

162 

616 

316 

314 

56 

338 

1,403 

249 

1,H20 

416 

650 

2,391 

1,074 

1,686 

3,668 

1,060 

2,496 

2,128 

3,824 

549 

18,939 

288 

549 

3,681 

2,030 

296 

3,798 

3,788 

4,779 

2,  ,556 

166 

286 

1,269 

218 

1,481 

1,265 

1,464 

348 

1,466 

264 

628 

4,421 

3,417 

239 

237 

4,830 

817 

1,481 

762 

2,388 

264 

2,235 

910 

468 

268 

1,284 

2,244 

1,032 

1,404 

66 

123 

1,40« 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Ksme  of  place  and 
state. 


Rayes,  Ala 

Baymer,  Col 

Raymond,  Col 

Raymond,  111 

Raymond,  111 

Raymond,  III 

Raymond,  Kan 

Raymond,  Kan 

Raymond,  Me 

Raymond,  Minn 

Raymond,  N.H 

Raymond,  N.D 

Raymond,  S.D 

Raymond,  Wis 

Raymore,  Mo 

Bayne,  La 

Rayne,  Pa 

Rayuer,  Tex 

Raynliam,  Mass 

Raytown,  Ga 

Bayville,  La 

Baywick,  Ky 

Read,  Iowa 

Read,  Minn 

Read,  Neb 

Reade,  Pa 

Readfleld,  Me 

Reading,  111 

Reading,  Iowa 

Reading,  Iowa 

Beading,  Kan 

Reading,  Mass 

Reading,  Mich 

Reading,  Neb 

Beading,  N.Y 

Beading,  0 

Beading,  Pa 

Reading,  Pa 

Reading,  Vt 

Readington,  N.J 

Readmond,  Mich.... 
Readsborough,  Vt.. 
Ready  Branch,  Fla. 

Reagan,  Tex 

Reanistown,  Pa 

Reaves,  Ala 

Recen,  Col 

Recovery,  Ga 

Recovery,  0 

Rector,  Ark , 

Rector,  111 

Redan,  Ga 

Red  Apple,  Ala 

Red  Bank,  N.J 

Red  Bank,  Pa 

Red  Bank,  Pa 

Bed  Bank,  Va 

Bed  Bluff,  Cal , 

Bed  Bluff,  Cal , 

Bed  Bluff,  S.C 

Bedboue,  Ga 

Bedbone,  Ga 

Bedbone,  Ga 

Bed  Bud,  111 

Bed  Bnd,  111 

Bed  Cedar,  Wis 

Bed  Clay,  Ga 

Bed  Cliff,  Col 

Bed  Cliff,  Col 

Bed  Cloud,  Neb 

Red  Cloud,  Neb 

Red  Cloud,  N.M 

Red  Colony,  Ark.... 

Red  Creek,  Col 

Red  Creek,  N.Y 

Reddle's  River,  N.C 

Redding,  Ala 

Redding,  Cal 

Redding,  Conn 

Redding,  Ind 

Reddish,  Mo 

Red  Eye,  Minn 

Redfleld,  Ark 

Rediield,  Iowa 

Bedfield,  Kan 

Redfleld,  N.Y 

Bedfield,  S.D 

Redford,  Mich 

Bed  Fork,  Ark 

Bed  Hill,  Ala 

Bod  Hill,  Ark 

Bed  Hill,  N.C 

Bed  Hill,  S.C 

Bed  Hook,  N.Y 

Red  Hook,  N.Y 

Red  Hollow,  Ga 

190 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

po8t-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post  town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Marion 

Weld , 

Routt , 

Champaign., 

Montgomery.... 

Montgomery.. 

Rice 

Rice 

Cumberland... 

Stearns 

Rockingham.. 


Clark 

Racine 

Cass. 

Acadia 

Indiana 

Stonewall 

Bristol 

Taliaferro 

Richland 

Marion 

Clayton 

Wabasha 

Butler 

Cambria. 

Kennebec 

Livingston 

Calhoun 

Sioux 

Lyon 

Middlesex 

Hillsdale 

Butler  

Schuyler 

Perry 

Adams 

Berks 

Windsor 

Hunterdon 

Emmett 

Bennington 

Liberty 

Falls..". 

Lancaster 

Etowah 

Summit 

Decatur 

Mercer 

Clay 

Saline 

De  Kalb 

Marshall 

Monmouth 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Halifax 

Tehama 

Tehama 

Marlborough.... 

Lee 

Talbot 

Upson 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Dunn 

Whitfield 

Eagle 

Eagle 

Webster 

Webster 

Lincoln 

Sevier 

La  Plata 

Wayne 

Wilkes 

Jefferson 

Shasta 

Fairfield 

Jackson 

Lewis 

Wadena 

Jefferson 

Dallas 

Bourbon 

Oswego 

Spink 

Wayne 

Desha 

Marshall 

Ouachita 

Mitchell 

Marlborough.... 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


973 

1,455 

'     543 

572 

87 

1,132 

389 

1,053 


1,667 
646 


1,958 


1,681 

1,105 

216 

1,580 

936 

579 

382 

1,532 

1,243 

1,354 

197 

437 

715 

3,181 

2,175 

805 

1,581 

3,367 

1,382 

43,278 

953 

3,103 

516 

743 

263 


333 


1,272 

""to? 


497 
2,684 
1,667 
2,308 
2,491 
3,976 
2,106 
2,435 
1,472 

657 
1,761 
2,539 
1,338 

786 

561 


1,960 

677 


525 
1,257 


600 
1,540 
1,690 
1,720 


394 


1,294 


1,947 

2,027 

508 

591 

633 

3,010 

4,471 

936 


562 

110 

28 

1,204 

1,642 

841 

904 

137 

927 

478 

1,131 

283 

282 

1,784 

969 

569 

1,897 

284 

1,340 

1,771 

366 

1,657 

804 

446 

804 

2,235 

1,176 

1,513 

807 

1,133 

948 

4,088 

1,989 

1,314 

1,386 

3,156 

1,368 

58,661 

749 

2,813 

4:^3 

910 

138 

298 

539 

403 

147 

657 

1,487 

490 

890 

675 

988 

4,145 

1,892 

2,0:J5 

2,250 

4,285 

2,608 

3,492 

1,267 

675 

1,763 

2,262 

1,176 

1,127 

862 

818 

383 

2,263 

1,839 

27 

2,115 

65 

492 

1,626 

474 

1,821 

1,546 

1,423 

1,632 

92 

400 

397 

162 

1,060 

796 

1,866 

1,985 

450 

1,472 

701 

2,935 

4,388 

935 

996 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Red  House,  N.Y 

Redington,  Neb 

Red  Jacket,  Mich 

Redkey,  Ind 

Red  Lake,  S.D 

Red  Lake  Falls,  Minn. 
Red  Lake  Falls,  Minn. 

Redland,  Ark 

Redlaud,  Ark , 

Kedland,  Ark 

Bedlands,  Cal 

Redlands,  Cal , 

Red  Level,  Ala 

Red  Level,  Fla , 

Red  Lick,  Ark 

Red  Lion,  Del 

Red  Lion,  Pa 

Red  Lodge,  Mont. , 

Red  Lodge,  Mont 

Redmon,  III 

Redmond,  Utah 

Red  Mountain,  Col 

Red  Oak,  Ga 

Bed  Oak,  Iowa 

Red  Oak,  Iowa 

Red  Oak,  Iowa 

Red  Oak,  S.C 

Red  Oak,  Va 

Redondo  Beach,  Cal 

Redpath,  Minn 

Red  Ridge,  Ala 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ky 

Red  River,  Minn 

Red  River,  Wis 

Red  Bock,  Ga 

Red  Rock,  Iowa 

Red  Rock,  Minn 

Red  Buck,  Mont 

Red  Rock,  S.D 

Red  Springs,  N.C 

Redstone,  Pa 

Redstone,  8.D 

Red  Store,  Ala 

Red  Sulphur,  W.  Va.... 
Red  Vermilion,  Kan.... 

Red  Willow,  Neb 

Red  Wing,  Minu 

Redwood,  Cal 

Redwood,  Cal 

Redwood  City,  Cal 

Redwood  Fails,  Minn... 
Redwood  Falls,  Minn... 

Reece,  Kan 

Reed,  .\rk 

Reed,  111 

Reed,  N.D 

Reed,  0 

Reed,  Pa 

Reedbrake,  Ala 

Reed  City,  Mich 

Reed  Creek,  Ark 

Reed  Creek,  Ga 

Reed  Creek,  Va 

Reed  Crossing,  Mont.... 

Reed  Gap,  Ala 

Reeder,  Kan 

Reeder,  Kan 

Reeder,  Mich 

Reeders,  S.C 

Reed  Mi8enheimer,N.C. 

Reedsburg,  Wis 

Reedsburg,  Wis 

Reedy,  W.Va 

Reedy,  W.  Va 

Reedy  Church,  Va 

Reedy  Creek,  N.C... 

Reedy  Springs,  Ga 

Bee  Heighta,  S.D 

Reeltown,  Ala 

Reem  Creek,  N.C 

Recs,  Ala 

Reese,  Ala 

Reese,  Ala 

Reeseville,  Wis 

Reeve,  Ind 

Reeve,  Iowa 

Beeves,  Ga 

Reeves,  S.C 

Reform,  Ala. 

Rehobotb,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

hundred 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

I)08t-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 


County. 


Cattaraugus. 
Cheyenne..., 
Houghton.... 

Jay 

Brule 

Polk 

Polk 

Cleveland .... 
Hempstead.. 

Nevada 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 

Covington 

Citrus 

Johnson 

New  Castle 

York 

Park , 

Park 

£Mgar 

Sevier 

Ouray , 

Campbell 

Cedar , 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery..., 

Barnwell 

Brunswick 

Los  Angeles 

Traverse 

Tallapoosa 

Little  River 

Miller 

Searcy 

Stone 

Van  Buren 

White 

Wolfe 

Kittson 

Kewaunee 

Cobb 

Marion 

Mower 

Beaver  Head.... 

Minnehaha 

Robeson 

Fayette 

Miner 

Mobile 

Monroe 

Nemaha 

Red  Willow 

Goodhue 

Santa  Clara 

Sonoma 

San  Mateo 

Redwood 

Redwood _.. 

Greenwood 

Washington 

Will 

Coss 

Seneca. 

Dauphin 

Marshall.^ 

Osceola. 

Lawrence 

Hart 

Henry 

Yellowstone 

Blount 

Anderson 

Kiowa 

Missaukee 

Newberry 

Cabarrus 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Roane 

Wirt 

Caroline 

Davidson 

Laurens 

Hand 

Tallapoosa 

Buncombe 

Etowah 

Montgomery.... 

Tuscaloosa 

Dodge 

Daviess 

Franklin 

Upson 

Marion 

Pickens 

Wilcox 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


487 


2,140 
386 


32 

1,712 

678 

624 


2,480 
241 


71 
158 


1,063 
503 
4,646 
3,755 
1,761 
4,069 


838 

2,069 

887 

600 


724 
666 
375 


1,682 
660 

1,247 
488 


1,066 


1,552 

2,557 

528 

426 

5,876 

2,244 

913 

1,383 

100 

981 


6,981 


1,527 
324 


1,091 
838 
800 


1,294 


323 
2,244 

667 
1,215 
1,331 
1,546 

834 
3,542 

816 


1,379 
1.762 


2,724 


248 

1,682 

763 


2,907 

687 

2,095 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rebotx>th,  Mam. 

Rehoboth,  Va 

Reid,  Ala 

ReidsTille,  Ga 

Ried8ville,N.C 

Riedsville,  S.C 

Reiley,  0 

Reilly,  Kan 

Reilly,  Pa 

Reinbeck,  Iowa 

Reis,  Minn 

Reitbrock,  Wis 

Relay,  Md 

Remington,  lud 

Remington,  Wis 

Remsen,  Iowa 

Remsen,  Iowa 

Remsen,  N.Y 

Remsen,  N.Y 

Renault,  111 

Rendsville,  Minn 

Bendville,  O 

Renfrew,  Ky 

Renfioe,  Ala 

Renick,  Mo 

Reno,  Kan 

Reno,  Kan 

Reno,  Mich 

Reno,  Minn 

Reno,  W.Va 

Reno  City,  Okla 

Benovo,  Pa 

Renssolaer,  Ind 

Sensselaerville,  N.T.... 

Renton,  Wash 

Renville,  Minn 

Repton,  Ala 

Republic,  Kan 

Republic,  Mich 

Republic,  Mo 

Republic,  Mo 

Republic,  0 

Republican,  Ga.. 

Republican,  Ind 

Republican,  Kan 

Republican  City,  Neb... 
Republican  City,  Neb... 

Besaca,  Ga I 

Reaaca,  Ga 

Reserve,  Ind 

Reserve,  Pa 

Resort,  Mich 

Reuben,  Neb 

Reusens,  Va 

Revere,  Mass... 

Review,  Kan 

Revilee,  Ark 

Rexburg,  Idaho 

Beymert,  Ariz 

Reynolds,  Ala 

Reynolds,  Ala 

Reynolds,  Ga 

Reynolds,  Ga 

Reynolds,  Idaho 

Reynolds,  111 

Reynolds,  Ind 

Beynolds,  Mich 

Beynolds,  Minn 

Reynolds,  Neb 

Reynoldsburg,  0 

Reynoldson,  N.C 

Reynoldsville,  Pa 

Reynoldton,  Pa 

Rhea's  Mills,  Ark.... 
Rbeiderland,  Minn.. 

Rhine,  Wis 

Bhinebeck,  N.Y 

Rhinebeck,  N.Y 

Rhinelander,  Wis.... 

Rhoda,  S.D 

Rhodes,  Iowa 

Rialto,  Cal 

Rib  Falls,  Wis 

Rib  Lake,  Wis 

Rico,  Ga 

Rice,  111 

Bice,  Iowa „,.. 

Rice,  Ky 

Rice  Wilson,  Ky 

Bice,  0 

Rice  Lake,  Minn.... 

Rice  Lake,  Wis 

Biceland,  Minn 

Biceville,  Pa 

Biceville,  Tenn 

Bich,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 


post 
po«t- 
iuil.- 


■twp 
■twp 
dist 


township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Bristol 

Lunenburg 

Marion 

Tatnall 

Rockingham  .. 
Spartanburg. .. 

Butler 

Nemaha 

Schuylkill 

Grundy 

Polk 

Marathon 

Baltimore 

Jasper 

Wood 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Monroe 

Stevens 

Perry 

Butler 

Talladega 

Randolph 

Leavenworth... 

Reno 

Iosco 

Pope 

Preston 

Canadian 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Albany 

King 

Renville 

Conecuh 

Republic 

Marquette 

Greene 

Greene 

Seneca 

McDuffle 

Jefferson 

Clay 

Harlan 

Harlan 

Gordon 

Gordon 

Parke 

Alleghany 

Charlevoix 

Harlan 

Campbell 

Suffolk 

Haskell 

Logan 

Bingham 

Pinal 

Dale 

Henry 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Owyhee 

Lee 

White 

Montcalm 

Todd 

Jefferson 

Franklin 

Gates 

Jefferson 

Alleghany 

Washington.... 

Chippewa 

Sheboygan 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Oneida 

Cliarles  Mix.... 

Marshall 

San  Bernardino 
Marathon.... 

Taylor 

Johnson 

Jo  Daviess... 

Ringgold 

McCrackin .. 

Russell 

Sandusky.... 

St.  Louis 

Barron 

Freeborn...., 
Crawford...., 

McMinn 

Cook 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,891 
2,0*1 


1,626 
1,316 
4,420 
1,499 

aoi 

1,452 
482 
208 
409 


761 
196 


1,195 


1,692 
231 
349 


460 

987 

2,116 


342 
3,237 


3,708 

968 

2,488 


50 
1,787 


81 

715 

1,594 

1,056 

1,017 

604 

282 

853 

191 

1,550 

1,786 


2,263 
r,'923 


1,674 

278 


743 
370 


470 


375 
1,184 
1,410 


1,542 
3,902 
1,569 


574 


676 

666 

1,475 

1,088 

949 

63 

362 

783 

314 

286 

1.702 


1,786 

1,828 

429 

1,261 

2,969 

4,938 

1,244 

612 

1,715 

731 

203 

717 

419 

940 

427 

1,271 

580 

1,099 

358 

1,564 

304 

859 

2,164 

202 

437 

1,003 

825 

368 

468 

3,565 

234 

4,154 

1,455 

2,112 

406 

413 

263 

228 

2,594 

1,327 

381 

584 

1,489 

872 

817 

750 

428 

985 

197 

1,346 

2,941 

227 

335 

361 

5,668 

36 

1,875 

2,967 

254 

792 

623 

1,468 

283 

179 

674 

348 

1,804 

443 

271 

393 

1,346 

2,789 

1,379 

387 

248 

1,612 

3,367 

1,649 

2,668 

414 

434 

329 

674 

520 

463 

488 

740 

1,171 

1,311 

982 

100 

2,130 

727 

245 

379 

1.435 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rich,  111 

Rich,  Kan 

Rich,  Mich 

Rich,  N.D 

Richards.  Ala 

Richardson,  Ga 

Richardson,  Neb. 

Richardson,  Ore 

Richardson's  Cove, 

Tenn 

Bichburg,  N.Y 

Richfield,  III 

Richfield,  Kan 

Richfield,  Kan 

Richfield,  Mich 

Richfield,  Mich 

Richfield,  Minn 

Richfield,  N.Y 

Bichiield,0 

Richfield,  0 

Richfield,  0 

Richfield,  S.D 

Richfield,  Utah 

Richfield,  Wis 

Richfield,  Wis 

Richfield,  Wis 

Richfield  Springs,  N.Y. 

Richford,  N.Y 

Richford,Vt 

Richford,  Vt 

Richford,  Wis 

Rich  Grove,  Ind. 

Rich  Hill,  Mo 

Bich  Hill,  Mo 

Rich  Hill,  0 

Richhill,  Pa 

Richland,  Ala 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Fla 

Richland,  Ga 

Richland,  Ga 

Richland,  III 

Richland,  111 

Richland,  111 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Bichland,  Iowa 

Bichland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Union 

Anderson. 

Lapeer 

Cass 

Barbour... 

Walton 

Butler 

Lane 


Sevier 

Alleghany.... 

Adams 

Morton 

Morton 

Genesee 

Roscommon.. 

Hennepin 

Otaego 

Henry 

Lucas 

Summit 

Spink 

Sevier 

Adams 

Washington.. 

Wood 

Otsego 

Tioga 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waushara 

Pulaski 

Bates 

Livingston ... 
Muskingum.. 

Greene 

Limestone.... 

Crawford 

Desha 

Jefferson 

Lee 

Madison 

Monroe 

Newton 

Searcy 

Washington.. 

Yell 

Pasco 

Stewart 

Stewart 

La  Salle 

Marshall 

Shelby 

Benton 

DeKalb 

Fountain 

Fulton 

Grant 

Greene 

Jay 

Madison 

Miami 

Monroe 

Rush 

Steuben 

Whitley 

Adair 

Carroll 

Chickasaw.... 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Franklin 

Guthrie 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Lyon 

Mahaska 

Sac 

Story 

Tama. 

Wapello 

Warren 

Butler 

Cowley 

Ford 

Gray 

Hamilton 

Harvey. « 

Jewell 

Kingman 

Labette 

Marshall 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,427 

1,139 

881 


1,441 

1,123 

91 

650 

716 

*1,372 


1,671 


1,501 
2,516 
857 
1,070 
1,253 


1,167 

308 

1,708 


1,307 

1,477 

1,818 

789 

449 

492 


1,027 
1,404 
2,795 


933 
286 

1,631 

1,723 
e05 

1,043 
210 
694 

1,087 


952 


778 

807 

1,140 

1,151 

1,360 

1,913 

1,329 

1,028 

2,663 

2,036 

985 

1,672 

1,610 

941 

742 

1,917 

670 

381 

690 

1,100 

840 

54 

409 

624 

1,056 

951 

792 

1,402 

264 

117 

1,261 

1,044 

637 

808 

1,348 

1,316 

666 

1,045 


371 
714 


2,585 

191 


4A1 

Mw 

1,218 

130 

1,082 

1,241 

305 

626 

906 

374 

1,114 

244 

164 

1,471 

76 

1,324 

2,699 

1,448 

1,056 

921 

138 

1,531 

335 

1,584 

194 

1,623 

1,267 

2,196 

1,162 

573 

621 

4,008 

1,067 

1,301 

2,900 

950 

1,559 

305 

2,436 

2,147 

1,016 

1,489 

339 

784 

1,066 

595 

613 

2,039 

457 

712 

805 

1,241 

1,124 

1,427 

1,981 

1,426 

923 

2,859 

2,785 

891 

1,343 

1,608 

862 

717 

1,683 

711 

590 

756 

1,096 

787 

253 

551 

1,268 

726 

776 

745 

1,466 

531 

647 

1,366 

1,742 

688 

707 

1,910 

1,101 

762 

1,396 

128 

180 

130 

49S 

678 

4M 

1,068 

796 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Richland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Kan 

Bicbland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Kan 

Bichland,  Ky 

Bichland,  Mich 

Bichland,  Midi 

Richland,  Mich 

Bichland,  Mich 

Bichland,  Mich 

Bichland,  Mich , 

Bichland,  Minn , 

Bichland,  Mo , 

Bichland,  Mo , 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo , 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mo 

Bichland,  Mont 

Bicbland,  Neb 

Bichland,  Neb 

Richland,  Neb 

Bichland,  Neb 

Richland,  Neb 

Richland,  N.Y 

Bichland,  N.C 

Bichland,  N.C 

Bichland,  0 

Bichland,  0 

Bichland,  0 

Bichland,  0 

Bichland,  O 

Bichland,  O 

Bichland,  0 

Bicbland,  0 

Bichland,  0 

Bichland,  0 

Bichland,  0 

Richland,  0 

Bichland,  Pa 

Bichland,  Pa 

Bichland,  Pa 

Bichland,  Pa 

Bichland,  Pa 

Bichland,  S.C 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  SD 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  W.  Va 

Richland,  Wis 

Richland  Centre,  Wis, 
Richland  Grove,  111.... 

Ricblands,  N.C 

Richlands,  N.C 

Richman,  Iowa 

Richmond,  Ala 

Richmond,  Ark 

Richmond,  111 

Richmond,  III 

Richmond,  III 

Richmond,  Ind 

Richmond,  Kan 

Richmond,  Kan 

Richmond,  Ky 

Richmond,  Ky 

Richmond,  Me 

Richmond,  Mass 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Minn , 

Richmond,  Mo 

Richmond,  Mo , 

Bichmond,  Mo 

Richmond,  Neb 

Richmond,  N.H 

Bichmond,  N.Y , 

Richmond,  0 , 

Richmond,  0 

Richmond,  0 

Richmond,  Pa 

Richmond,  Pa 

Richmond,  Pa 

Richmond,  R.I 

192 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Miami „ 

Ottawa 

Pratt 

Rawlins 

Republic 

Rooks 

Stafford 

Harrison 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Missaukee 

Montcalm 

Ogemaw , 

Saginaw..„ 

Rice 

Barton , 

Douglas , 

Gasconade 

Macon 

Morgan 

Ozark 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Scott 

Stoddard 

Vernon 

Park 

Colfax 

Jefferson 

Sarpy 

Saunders 

Washington 

Oswego 

Beaufort 

Randolph 

Allen 

Belmont. 

Clinton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Fairfield 

Guernsey 

Holmes 

Logan 

Marion 

Vinton 

Wyandot 

Alleghany 

Bucks 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Venango 

Barnwell 

Beadle 

Brooking 

Brul6 

Clark 

Edmunds 

McOook 

Ohio 

Bichland 

Richland 

Mercer 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Wayne 

Dallas 

Little  Biver 


McHenry 

McHenry 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Nemaha 

Madison 

Madison 

Sagadahoc 

Berkshire 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Marquette 

Osceola 

Winona 

Howard 

Ray 

Bay 

Furnas 

Cheshire 

Ontario 

Ashtabula 

Huron , 

Jefferson 

Berks 

Crawford , 

Tioga 

Washington.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,436 


849 


1,480 

1,189 
223 
76 
880 
101 
700 
957 

1,068 
788 

1,176 
839 

1,594 
948 
360 
785 

1,264 
976 
615 


409 

623 

600 

592 

605 

3,991 

3,253 

842 

3,372 

4,361 

2,338 

1,252 

1,427 

1,502 

1,439 

1,463 

1,761 

1,210 

1,668 

1,676 

760 

1,994 

996 

2,740 

1,221 

1,202 


1,526 
821 
1,227 
2,019 
2,630 


911 

1,076 

150 


1,359 

464 

12,742 

681 

1,971 

4,622 

2,909 

2,658 

1,124 

2,613 

750 

750 

2,352 

284 

3,606 

6,068 

1,424 

453 

669 

1,772 

1,011 

1,014 

491 

2,226 

1,490 

1,512 

1,949 


1,370 

417 

307 

383 

1,321 

193 

312 

1,399 

1,136 

293 

534 

1,140 

382 

1,221 

743 

1,588 

1,366 

1,330 

854 

1,776 

1,817 

653 

993 

2,216 

1,683 

780 

62 

520 

777 

998 

1,111 

1,000 

3,771 

3,751 

953 

3,434 

4,289 

2,488 

1,176 

1,457 

1,456 

1,471 

1,433 

2,005 

1,124 

1,439 

1,590 

816 

2,088 

920 

1,869 

1,229 

1,262 

262 

267 

396 

161 

194 

303 

1,608 

847 

1,819 

2,410 

2,768 

198 

1,271 

1,080 

307 

978 

1,212 

415 

16,608 

837 

914 

6,870 

4,753 

3,082 

796 

2,486 

1,074 

1,132 

3,064 

252 

4,021 

8,009 

2,895 

635 

476 

1,511 

912 

979 

444 

1,916 

1,384 

1,640 

1,669 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bichmond,  Tex 

Bichmond,  Utah , 

Richmond,  Vt 

Richmond,  Va , 

Richmond,  Va , 

Richmond,  W.  Va 

Richmond,  Wis 

Richmond,  Wis 

Richmond,  Wis , 

Richmond  Hill,  N.Y. 
Richmondville,  N.Y.. 
Richmondville,  N.Y.. 

Rich  Pond,Ky 

Rich  Pond,  Ky 

Rich  Square,  N.C 

Rich  Square,  N.C 

Rich  Valley,  Minn 

Rich  Valley,  S.D 

Rich  Valley,  Va 

Richview,  111 

Richview,  Ill_ 

Richville,  N.Y 

Richville,  O 

Richwood,  Ark 

Richwood,  111 

Richwood,  Minn 

Richwood,  Mo 

Richwood,  0 

Richwood,  Wis 

Richwoods,  Ark 

Rlchwoods,  Ark 

Richwoods,  Ark 

Richwoods,  III 

Richwoods,  111 

Richwoods,  Mo 

Ricks,  111 

Rico,  Col 

Riddles,  Ore 

Riddleville,  Ga 

Ridenhour,  N.C 

Ridge,  Ala 

Ridge,  Ala 

Ridge,  Ala 

Ridge,  III 

Ridge,  Kan 

Ridge,  Ky 

Ridge,  Mo 

Ridge,  0 

Bidge,0 

Bidge,  S.C 

Eidgebury,  Pa 

Bidgedale,  Tenn 

Bidge  Farm,  HI 

Ridgefield,  Conn 

Ridgefield,  N.J 

Ridgefield,  0 

Ridge  Grove,  Ala 

Ridge  Grove,  Ala 

Ridgeland,  III 

Ridgeley,  Neb 

Ridgely,  111 

Ridgely,  Md 

Ridgely,  Minn 

Ridge  Spring,  S.C 

Ridgeville,  Ind 

Ridgeville,  0 

Ridgeville,  0 

Ridgeville,  S.C 

Ridgeville,  Tenn 

Ridgeville,  Wis 

Ridgeway,  Ala 

Ridgeway,  Ga 

Ridgeway,  Kan 

Ridgeway,  Mich 

Ridgeway,  Mo 

Ridgeway,  N.Y 

Ridgeway,  0 

Ridgeway,  S.C 

Ridgeway,  Va. 

Ridgeway,  Va 

Ridgeway,  Wis 

Ridgewood,  NJ 

Ridgway,  III 

Ridgway,  111 

Ridgway,  Pa 

Ridgway,  Pa 

Ridley,  Ac,  Pa 

Ridley  Park,  &c..  Pa. . 

Ridnour,  Neb 

Ridott,  III 

Rifle,  Col 

Riga,  Mich 

Riga,  N.Y 

Riggln,  N.D 

Rigolette,  La 

Riley,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 
post-prect 
post-town 
city 

mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-town 
post-prect 
mil.-dist 
township 
post-prect 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
township 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-twp 
post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-town 
civil-dist 
township 
precinct 
■'.-dist 
:-twp 
■twp 
vill 
■town 
■vill 
■town 
;.-dist 
•vill 
■twp 
•town 


mil. 

post-l 

P08t-1 

post-' 

post 

post' 

post' 

mag. 

post 

post 

post 


precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

ward 

po8t-twp 


County. 


Fort  Bend.... 

Cache , 

Chittenden.... 

Henrico 

Wise 

Raleigh 

St  Croix , 

Shawano 

Walworth 

Queens 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Warren 

Warren 

Northampton 
Northampton. 

McLeod 

Sully 

Smyth  

Washington .. 
Washington... 
Saint  Lawrence 

Stark 

Jackson 

Peoria , 

Becker 

McDonald 

Union 

Richland 

Lonoke 

Sharp , 

Stone 

Calhoun 

Jersey , 

Washington 

Christian 

Dolores 

Douglas 

Washington...., 

Stanly 

Fayette 

Lamar 

Monroe 

Shelby , 

Dickinson 

Menifee 

Carroll 

Van  Wert 

Wyandot 

Williamsburg.. 

Bradford 

Hamilton 

Vermilion 

Fairfield 

Bergen , 

Huron , 

Chambers 

Lee 

Iroquois 

Dodge 

Sangamon 

Caroline 

Nicollet , 

Edgefield 

Randolph 

Henry 

Lorain 

Colleton 

Moore 

Monroe 

Bullock 

Gilmer 


Lenawee 

Harrison.... 

Orleans 

Hardin 

Fairfield 

Henry 

Henry 

Iowa 

Bergen 

Gallatin 

Gallatin 

Elk 

Elk 

Delaware.... 
Delaware.... 
Hitchcock .. 
Stephenson. 

Garfield 

Lenawee 

Monroe 

Benson 

Rapides. 

Yell 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,156 

1,198 

1,264 

63,600 

1,333 

726 

813 

706 

882 


2,082 
653 

1,589 
146 

3,619 

63 

991 


4,379 


559 
339 


267 
1,282 

439 

809 
1,317 
1,615 

714 
1,529 

544 
1,193 
1,147 
1,127 
1,60C 

894 


1,085 
875 
497 


1,316 

1,013 

406 

927 


1,587 

639 

2,001 

1,489 


237 
2,028 
3,962 
2,359 
1,536 
1,516 

805 


81 

348 

328 

775 

1,119 

1,660 

250 

661 

1,286 

2,498 

322 

2,696 

1,167 


5,495 
342 


2,408 


2,348 
1,478 
2,149 
174 
1,480 
1,100 
2,533 
2,533 


2,011 


2,320 
2,221 


1,074 
1,199 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Biley,  111 

Biley,  Ind , 

Biley,  Iowa 

Biley,  Mich 

Biley,  Mich 

Biley,  Miss 

Biley,  O 

Biley,  0 

Bimersburg,  Pa 

Biniini,  Mont 

Bincon,  Cal 

Bincon,  N.M 

Bincon,  N.M 

Bindge,  N.H 

Bindosa,  N.M 

Binehart,  Kan 

Binggold,  Ga 

Binggold,  Ga 

Binggold,  Md 

Binggold,  Pa 

Bing  Jaw,  Ga 

Bingold,  Neb 

Bingwood,  N.C 

Bio,  111 

Bio,  Wis 

Bio  Arriba,  N.M 

Bio  Colorado,  N.M 

Biode  Chama,  N.M... 

Bio  Dell,  Cal 

Bio  Grande  City,  Tex 

Bio  Vista,  Cal 

Bio  Vista,  Cal 

Bipley,  111 

Bipley,  111 

Bipley,  Ind 

Bipley,  Ind 

Bipley,  Iowa 

Bipley,  Me 

Bipley,  Minn 

Bipley,  Minn 

Bipley,  Miss 

Bipley,  N.Y 

Bipley, 0 

Biplev,  0 

Bipley,  0 

Bipley,  Tenn 

Bipley,  W.  Va 

Bipley,  W.  Va 

Bipon,  Wis 

Bipon,  Wis 

Bippys,  N.C 

Bipton,  Vt 

Biser,  Ala 

Bising  City,  Neb 

Bising  Fawn,  Ga. 

Bising  Fawn,  Ga 

Bising  Sun,  Ind 

Bising  Suu,  Md 

Bising  Sun,  Md 

Bising  Sun,  0 

Bisley,  Kan 

Bitter,  N.  C , 

Bivanua,  Vat 

Biyer,  Ala 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ac,  Ark 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ga 

Biver,  Kan 

Biver,  Ky 

Biver,  Ky 

Biver,  N.C 

Biver,  N.C 

Biver,  N.C 

Biver,  S.D , 

Biver  Bend,  Ala 

Biver  Bend,  N.C 

Biverdale,  Iowa 

Biverdale,  Minn 

Biverdale,  Neb 

River  Dale,  Utah 

Biverdale,  Utah 

River  Falls,  Minn 

Biver  Falls,  Wis 

Biver  Falls,  Wis , 

River  Grove,  111 

Biverhead,  N.Y , 

Biverhead,  Va , 

Biver  Hill,  Ala , 

Riverside,  Cal 

Biverside,  111 

Biverside,  111 , 

Biverside,  Iowa 

Riverside,  Iowa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

po8t-twp 

township 

poet-twp 

township 

beat 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

village 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vlU 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. 


McHenry 

Vigo 

Binggold 

Clinton 

Saint  Clair 

Neshoba 

Putnam 

Sandusky 

Clarion 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
San  Bernardino 

Donna  Ana 

San  Miguel 

Cheshire 

Lincoln 

Dickinson 

Catoosa 

Catoosa 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Dawson 

Halifax 

Knox 

Columbia 

Rio  Arriba 

Taos 

Rio  Arriba 

Humboldt 

Starr 

Solano 

Solano 

Brown 

Brown 

Montgomery  ... 

Rush 

Butler 

Somerset 

Dodge 

Morrison 

Tippah 

Chautauqua 

Brown 

Holmes 

Huron 

Lauderdale 

.Jackson 

Jackson 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Cleveland 

Addison 

Talladega 

Butler 

Dade 

Dade 

Ohio 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Wood 

Marion 

Moore 

Albemarle....... 

Dallas 

Bradley 

Calhoun 

Conway 

Crawford 

Logan 

Early 

Pawnee 

Jackson 

Morgan 

Cleveland 

Jackson 

Warren 

Walworth 

Bibb 

Gaston 

Kossuth 

Watonwan 

Buffalo 

Uintah 

Weber 

Polk 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Cook 

Suffolk 

Augusta 

Clarke 

San  Bernardino 

Adams 

Cook 

Fremont 

Lyon , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


864 
1,632 

404 
1,501 
2,002 
1.398 
1,484 
1,621 

334 


934 


1,142 
436 
823 

1,078 
431 


137 

1,126 

230 


1,232 
666 
632 
418 
1,349 
1,986 
453 
550 
384 


637 
1,990 
2,646 
1,369 
1,038 

353 
4,208 

425 
1,157 
3,117 
1,665 

672 
1,607 


1,128 

827 

1,806 

2,904 

314 

344 

698 

1,761 

6,449 

1,708 

344 

449 

500 


836 


422 
686 
502 
367 
1,417 


301 


272 


1,017 
1,499 


3,939 

4,757 

604 


498 
960 
128 


830 

1,653 

475 

1,277 

1,605 

1,576 

1,566 

1,543 

360 

282 

295 

284 

225 

996 

270 

511 

1,096 

465 

998 

1,004 

342 

428 

92 

925 

339 

1,286 

583 

269 

213 

1,968 

1,236 

648 

496 

304 

1,402 

2,174 

493 

478 

323 

614 

574 

2,020 

2,483 

1,386 

838 

652 

4,961 

417 

1,186 

3,358 

1,649 

668 

1,7.30 

610 

1,278 

927 

1,689 

2,661 

384 

485 

1,406 

1,372 

6,536 

1,848 

423 

545 

1,141 

629 

766 

1,617 

279 

527 

830 

531 

476 

1,336 

30 

390 

3,437 

607 

509 

826 

212 

489 

259 

1,073 

1,783 

287 

4,010 

4,785 

876 

4,683 

2,168 

1,066 

948 

243 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Biveraide,  Iowa 

Biverside,  Kan 

Riverside,  Mich 

Biverside,  Minn 

Riverside,  Neb 

Riverside,  Neb 

Riverside,  Neb 

Riverside,  N.D 

Riverside,  O 

Riverside,  Pa 

Riverside,  S.D 

Riverside,  S.D 

Riverside,  S.D 

Biverside,  S.D 

Riverton,  Ga. 

Riverton,  111 

Riverton,  Iowa 

Riverton,  Iowa 

Riverton,  Iowa 

Riverton,  Iowa 

Riverton,  Mich 

Riverton,  Minn 

Riverton,  Neb 

Riverview,  N.D 

Riverview,  S.D 

Rives,  Mich 

Rives,  Tenn 

Rives,  Va 

Rives  Station,  Tenn 

Rivesville,  W.  Va 

Bivoli,  111 

Rixford,  Pa 

Roan  Creek,  Col 

Roane,  Ark 

Roann,  Ind 

Roanoke,  Ala 

Roanoke,  Ala 

Roanoke,  Ark 

Roanoke,  111 

Roanoke,  111 

Roanoke,  Ind 

Roanoke,  Kan 

Roanoke,  Mo 

Roanoke,  N.C 

Roanoke,  N.C 

Roanoke,  Tex 

Roanoke,  Va 

Roanoke,  Va 

Roanoke,  Va 

Roaring  Brook,  Pa 

Roaring  Creek,  Pa 

Roaring  Creek,  W.  Va., 

Roaring  Fork,  Col 

Roaring  Biver,  Mo 

Roaring  Spring,  Ky 

Roaring  Spring,  Pa 

Roark,  Mo 

Robard,  Ky 

Robanl,  Ky 

Robb,  Ind 

Robb,Neb 

Robberson,  Mo 

Robbins,  Tenn 

Robbinston,  Me 

Robbinsville,  N.C 

Robeline,  La 

Koberson,  Va 

Robersonville,  N.C 

Robersonville,  N.C 

Robert,  Qa 

Robert,  S.C 

Boberts,  Ark 

Boberts,  Ga 

Boberts,  111 

Boberta,  111 

Boberts,  Minn 

Bobertsdale,  Pa , 

Robertson,  Va 

Robertson  Cross  Roads. 

Ala : 

RobertsYille,  La 

Robeson,  Pa 

Robideaux,  Mo , 

Bobinson,  Col 

Bobinson,  Ga 

Bobinson,  III 

Bobinson,  III 

Robinson,  Ind 

Robinson,  Kan 

Robinson,  Kan 

Robinson,  Mich 

Robinson,  Pa 

Robinson,  Pa 

Robinson,  W.  Va 

Bobinson  &  Kelly,  Ga.. 
Bobinson  Springs,  Ala, 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-lwro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 


County. 


Washington 

Trego 

Wissaukee 

Lac-qui-Parle... 
Burt 


Hitchcock 

Steele 

Hamilton 

Northumberl'd 

Brown 

Clay 

Hand 

Potter , 

Campbell 

Sangamon 

Clay 

Floyd ..... 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Mason , 

Clay , 

Franklin 

Burleigh 

Moody 

Jackson 

Obion 

Prince  George.. 

Obion 

Marion 

Mercer 

McKean 

Garfield 

Lafayette 

Wabash 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Huntington 

Stanton 

Howard 

Northampton  . 

Warren 

Denton. , 

Charlotte 

Halifax 

Roanoke 

Lackawanna... 

Columbia 

Randolph 

Eagle 

Barry 

Trigg 

Blair 

Grasconade 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Posey 

Gosper 

Greene 

Scott 

Washington.... 

Graham 

Natchitoches .. 

Wise 

Martin 

Martin 

Jones 

Hampton 

Jefferson 

Hall 

Ford 

Marshall 

Wilkin 

Huntingdon.... 
Madison 


Montgomery... 
Natchitoches... 

Berks 

Pulaski 

Summit 

Colquitt. 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Poeey 

Brown 

Stanton 

Ottawa 

Alleghany 

Washington.... 

Mason 

Jasper. 

Elmore. » 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


412 


168 
319 
325 


1,268 
336 


1,044 
706 
377 
969 

1,069 
497 
681 


426 


1,338 
180 

1,884 
800 
136 

1,407 

1,127 


1,683 
350 

2,379 
327 
816 

1,403 
355 
697 


215 

2,275 


5,703 
7,124 
669 
760 
553 
822 


702 
2,269 

489 
3,165 
1,367 


1,778 
233 

1,299 
690 
91(1 

1,774 


1,321 
1,346 
148 
1,046 
2,639 


664 

228 

1,017 


694 
3,445 


2,322 
768 


619 
2,874 
1,380 
1,733 
1,146 


439 
1,170 
1,798 
1,267 

473 
1,979 

198 


606 

209 
617 
434 
346 
628 
228 
134 

2,169 
394 
530 
472 
73 
38 
797 

1,127 
625 

1,020 

1,078 
660 

1,203 

296 

389 

71 

390 

1,305 
377 

1,517 

1,198 
166 

1,247 
506 
157 

1,261 
582 

1,901 
631 

1,148 

1,878 

831 

5.32 

59 

207 

2,576 
496 
292 

4,962 

6,791 
16,159 
336 
580 
872 
300 

1,097 

2,010 
920 

3,142 

1,822 
682 

2,072 
321 

1,475 

2,065 
787 

1,723 
676 

1,676 

1,904 
228 

1,014 

3,101 
321 
611 
325 

1,065 
204 
6;>1 

3,903 

3,020 

269 

2,483 

829 

164 

831 

2,990 

1,387 

1,638 

1,273 

168 

510 

1,242 

1,820 

1,129 

1,039 

639 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Boca,  Neb 

Kochdale,  Ind 

Roche  Harbor,  Wash.., 

Rochelle,  111 

Rocheport,  Mo 

Rochester,  111 

Rochester,  Ind 

Rochester,  Ind 

Rochester,  Iowa 

Rochester,  Kan 

Rochester,  Ky 

Rochester,  Ky 

Rochester,  Mass 

Rochester,  Mich 

Rochester,  Minn , 

Rochester,  Minn , 

Rochester,  Mo , 

Rochester,  N.H 

Rochester,  N.Y , 

Rochester,  N.Y 

Rochester,  N.D , 

Rochester,  N.D , 

Rochester,  0 

Rochester,  0 

Rochester,  Pa 

Rochester,  Pa 

Rochester,  Vt 

Rochester,  Wis 

Rock,  Iowa 

Rock,  Iowa 

Rock,  Iowa , 

Rock,  Iowa 

Rock,  Iowa 

Rock,  Kan 

Rock,  Minn 

Bock,  Mo 

Rock,  W.  Va 

Rock,  Wis 

Rock,  Wis 

Rockaway,  N.J 

Rockaway  Beach,  N.Y. 

Rock  Bluff,  Neb 

Rock  Branch,  Kan 

Rock  Bridge,  Ga 

Rockbridge,  111 

Rockbridge,  III 

Rockbridge,  Wis 

Rock  Castle,  Ky 

Rock  Castle,  Ky , 

Rock  Castle,  Ky 

Rock  City,  111 

Rock  Creek,  Ala 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Ga 

Rock  Creek,  Idaho 

Rock  Creek,  111 

Rock  Creek,  111 

Rock  Creek,  111 

Rock  Creek,  III 

Rock  Creek,  Ind 

Rock  Creek,  Ind 

Rock  Creek,  Ind 

Rock  Creek,  lud 

Rock  Creek,  Iowa 

Rock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Rock  Creek,  Kan 

Rock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Ky 

Rock  Creek,  Minn 

Rock  Creek,  Neb 

Bock  Creek,  Neb 

Rock  Creek,  Neb 

Rock  Creek,  Neb 

Rock  Creek,  N.C 

Rock  Creek,  N.C 

Rock  Creek,  0 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  S.D 

Rock  Creek,  Wis 

Rock  Creek  Basin,Mont 

Rockdale,  Ala 

Rockdale,  Pa 

Rockdale,  S.D 

Rockdale,  Tex 

Rock  Dell,  Minn 

Bock  Elm,  Wis 

194 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

P08t-twp 


County. 


Lancaster 

Putnam , 

San  Juan 

Ogle 

Boone , 

Sangamon , 

Fulton , 

Fulton..„ , 

Cedar 

Kingman 

Butler. , 

Butler 

Plymouth 

Oakland 

Olmsted , 

Olmsted 

Andrew , 

Strafford , 

Monroe 

Ulster 

Cass 

Nelson 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Windsor 

Racine 

Cherokee 

Lyon 

Mitchell 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

Marshall 

Pipe  Stone 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Rock 

Wood 

Morris 

Queens 

Cass 

Norton 

Gwinnett 

Greene 

Greene 

Richland 

Lawrence 

Trigg 

Trigg 

Stephenson 

Colbert 

Garfield 

Pitkin 

Routt 

Washington.... 

Fannin 

Cassia 

Carroll 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Williamson 

Bartholomew.. 

Carroll 

Huntington.... 

Wells 

Jasper 

Butler 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Jefferson 

Nemaha. 

Pottawatomie... 
Wabaunsee., 

Grayson 

Pine 

Jefferson 

Lancaster... 

Otoe 

Saunders.... 

Guilford 

Wilkes 

Ashtabula... 

Baker 

Gilliam 

Grant 

Linn 

Miner 

Dunn 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Randolph... 

Crawford.... 

Hand 

Milam 

Olmsted 

Pierce 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


115 

86 


1,893 
728 
1,318 
4,448 
1,869 
693 


189 

1,043 

996 

612 

5,103 

2,039 

5,784 

89,366 

4,109 


733 

237 

651 

2,552 

1,362 

775 

236 

353 

840 

264 

196 

540 

103 

3,517 

1,715 

1,006 

261 

7,366 


1,211 

778 

1,373 


202 
1,200 

508 
1,603 
s     71 

161 

536 


189 


2,184 

1,444 

841 

1,196 

1,099 

1,432 

1,834 

1,412 

717 

632 

658 

1,170 

1,147 

1,854 

1,123 

673 

2,414 

221 

352 

661 

721 

602 

1,213 

1,071 

558 


1,527 
185 


1,000 
1,603 


1,185 

1,008 

899 


191 

428 

247 

1,789 

631 

1,332 

5,063 

2,467 

689 

348 

3,407 

510 

1,012 

900 

612 

6,321 

1,896 

7,396 

133,896 

3,557 

84 

127 

665 

218 

925 

3,649 

1,257 

699 

562 

1,690 

746 

1,016 

1,010 

712 

150 

3,266 

5,623 

976 

597 

6,033 

1,502 

1,168 

447 

1,281 

2,737 

336 

1,148 

663 

1,305 

101 

148 

490 

612 

95 

184 

162 

332 

292 

2,144 

1,217 

1,254 

1,293 

4,030 

1,409 

2,081 

1,609 

707 

480 

1,588 

709 

1,613 

2,078 

938 

757 

2,420 

464 

587 

961 

754 

692 

1,217 

1,246 

448 

33 

406 

85 

316 

292 

843 

45 

1,047 

1,309 

92 

1,505 

877 

1,047 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rockeyhead,  Ala.... 

Rock  Falls,  111 

Rock  Falls,  Iowa.-.. 

Rock  Falls,  Neb 

Rock  Falls,  Neb 

Rock  Falls,  Wis 

Rockfeller,  Pa. 

Rockfield,  Ky 

Rockfish,  N.C 

Rockfish,  N.C 

Rockfish,  Va 

Rockford,  Ala» 

Rockford,  Ala 

Rockford,  111 

Rockford,  111 

Rockford,  Iowa. 

Rockford,  Iowa 

Rockford,  Iowa. 

Rockford,  Kan 

Rockford,  Minn 

Rockford,  Mo 

Rockford,  Mo 

Rockford,  Neb 

Rockford,  Neb 

Rockford,  N.C 

Rockford,  Wash 

Rock  Gap,  W.  Va.... 

Rock  Grove,  111 

Rock  Grove,  Iowa... 

Rock  Hill,  Pa 

Rock  Hill,  S.C 

Rock  Hill,  Va 

Rockhold's,  Ky 

Rock  House,  Ky 

Rock  House,  Ky 

Rockingham,  Iowa. 
Rockingham,  N.C... 
Rockingham,  Vt..... 

Rock  Island,  111 

Rockland,  Col 

Rockland,  Idaho 

Rockland,  Me , 

Rockland,  Mass 

Rockland,  Mich 

Rockland,  Mich 

Rockland,  Minn 

Rockland,  N.Y 

Rockland,  Pa 

Rockland,  Pa 

Rockland,  Tex 

Rockland,  Wash 

Rockland,  Wis 

Rockland,  Wis 

Rock  Lick,  Va 

Rocklin.Cal 

Rockmart,  Ga , 

Rockmart,  Ga 

Rock  Mills,  Ala 

Rock  Mills,  Ala 

Rock  Mills,  S.C 

Rock  Point,  Ore 

Rock  Pond,  Ga 

Rockport,  Ind 

Rockport,  Ky 

Rockport,  Ky 

Rockport,  Mass 

Rockport,  Mo 

Rockport,  0 

Rockport,  Tex 

Rockport,  Utah 

Rock  Prairie,  Mo... 
Rock  Rapids,  Iowa. 
Rock  River,  Mich.. 

Rockroe,  Ark 

Rockroe,  Ark 

Rock  Run,  Ala 

Rock  Run,  Ala 

Rock  Run,  III 

Rocksbury,  Minn.. 
Rock  Springs,  Wyo 

Bockton,  111 

Rockton,  111 

Rockton,  Neb 

Rockvale,  Col 

Rockvale,  111 

Rock  Valley,  Iowa. 
Rockville,  Conn...., 

Rockville,  Ga 

Rockville,  111 

Rockville,  Ind 

Rockville,  Kan 

Rockville,  Md 

Rockville,  Md 

Rockville,  Minn.... 

Rockville,  Mo 

Rockville,  Mo 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

borough 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-tw-p 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 


Coanty. 


Dale „... 

Whiteside 

Cerro  Gordo„... 

Holt 

Phelps 

Lincoln „.. 

Northumberl'd 

Warren 

Cumberland 

Duplin 

Nelson 

Coosa 

Coosa 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Pottawattamie 

Sedgwick 

Wright 

Caldwell 

Carroll.- 

Gage 

Garfield , 

Surry 

Spokane 

Morgan 

Stephenson 

Floyd 

Huntingdon 

York 

Stafford 

Whitley , 

Laurel 

Letcher 

Scott 

Richmond , 

Windham , 

Rock  Island 

Logan , 

Oneida 

Knox 

Plymouth 

Ontonagon , 

Ontonagon , 

Lyon 

Sullivan 

Berks 

Venango 

Tyler 

Klikitat 

Brown 

Manitowoc , 

Buchanan 

Placer 

Polk 

Polk 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Anderson 

Jackson 

Decatur 

Spencer 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Essex 

Atchison 

Cuyahoga 

Aransas 

Summit 

Dade 

Lyon 

Alger 

Monroe 

Prairie 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Stephenson 

Polk 

Sweetwater 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Furnas 

Fremont 

Ogle 

Sioux 

Tolland 

Putnam 

Kankakee 

Parke 

Rice 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery... 

Stearns , 

Bates 

Batee 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


826 
894 
221 


101 

836 
1,889 
2,184 
1,652 
4,336 
1,633 


14,525 
13,129 
1,368 
739 
931 
798 
901 
779 


569 


1,144 


761 
1,071 
1,451 


809 
1,333 


450 

824 

369 

2,482 

3,797 

11,659 


7,599 

4,553 

887 


248 
2,481 
1,527 
1,977 


803 
1,234 
2,200 

624 
1,939 

450 
1,256 


1,293 
281 


2,382 
3,615 

399 
3,912 

715 
2,676 


127 
1,097 


436 


2,202 


763 

1,687 

949 

184 


846 
100 
5,902 
1,229 
1,075 
1,684 


4,203 
688 
660 
947 
315 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bockville,  Neb 

Rockville,  Utah 

Bockwall,  Tex 

Rockwell,  Iowa. 

Rockwell,  Kan 

Rockwell,  Minn 

Rockwell  City,  Iowa.... 

Eockwood,  III 

Rockwood,  Minn 

Rockwood,  Pa 

Rockwood,  Tenn 

Rocky,  Col 

Rocky  Bar,  Idaho 

Rocky  Comfort,  Ark.... 

Rocky  Creek,  Ala 

Rocky  Ford,  Col 

Rocky  Ford,  Col 

Rocky  Fork,  Mo 

Rocky  Fork,  Tenn 

Rocky  Gap,  Va 

Rocky  Grove,  S.C 

Rocky  Grove,  S.C 

Rocky  Hill,  Conn 

Rocky  Hill,  Ky 

Rocky  Mound,  Tenn.... 

Rocky  Mount,  Ga 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  Va 

Rocky  Mount,  Va 

Rocky  Plains,  Ga 

Rocky  Point,  N.C 

Rocky  Ridge,  0 

Rocky  River,  N.C 

Rocky  Run,  111 

Rocky  Springs,  N.C 

Rocky  Station,  Va 

Rodman,  N.Y 

Rodney,  Mich 

Rodney,  Miss 

Rogers,  Ark 

Rogers,  Ark 

Rogers,  111 

Rogers,  Mich 

Rogers  City,  Mich 

Rogers  Park,  HI 

Rogersville,  Ala 

Rogersville,  Tenn 

Roggen,  Col 

Rohnerville,  Cal 

Roland,  Ga 

Roland,  Iowa 

Rolesville,  N.C 

Rolfe,  Iowa 

RoIIh,  Mo 

Rolla,  Mo 

Bella,  N.D 

Bolland,  Mich 

Boiler  Ridge,  Ark 

Rollin,  Mich 

Rolling,  Wis 

Rolling  Fork,  Minn 

Rolling  Green,  Minn... 
Boiling  Prairie,  Kan.... 

Bollingstone,  Minn 

Bollington,  Ky 

Rollinsford,  N.H.^ 

Rome,  Ala X 

Rome,  Ga 

Rome,  Ga 

Rome,  111 

Rome,  111 

Borne,  Iowa 

Borne,  Me 

Rome,  Mich 

Rome,  Minn 

Rome,  Minn 

Rome,  N.Y 

Rome,  0 

Rome,  0 

Rome,  0 

Rome,  Pa 

Rome,  Pa 

Rome,  Pa 

Rome,  S.D 

Rome,  S.D 

Rome,  Wash 

Rome,  Wis 

Romeo,  Mich 

Romeroville,  N.M 

Bomine,  111 

Bomness,  N.D 

Bomney,  W.  Va 

Bomney,  W.  Va 


Rank  of 
place. 


po8t-twp 

poat-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-prect 

lK)st-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

civil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dlst 

po8t-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

village 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 


County. 


Sherman 

Washington.... 

Rockwall 

Cerro  Gordo 

Norton 

Norman 

Calhoun 

Randolph 

Wadena. 

Somerset 

Roane 

Park 

Elmore 

Little  River 

Butler 

Otero 

Otero 

Boone , 

Unicoi 

Bland 

Aiken 

Orangeburg 

Hartford 

Barren 

Trousdale 

Meriwether 

Edgecombe 

Edgecombe 

Nash 

Nash 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Newton 

Pender 

Ottawa 

Cabarrus 

Hancock 

Montgomery..., 

Lee 

Jefferson 

Mecosta 

Jefferson 

Benton 

Sebastian 

Ford 

Presque  Isle 

Presquelsle 

Cook 

Lauderdale 

Hawkins 

Weld 

Humboldt 

Forsyth 

Webster 

Wake 

Pocahontas 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Rolette 

Isabella 

Benton 

Lenawee 

Langlade 

Pope 

Martin 

Morris 

Winona 

Oldham 

Strafford 

Tallapoosa 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Jones 

Kennebec 

Lenawee 

Faribault 

Polk , 

Oneida 

Ashtabula 

Athens 

Lawrence 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Davison 

Deuel 

Whatcom 

Adams 

Macomb 

San  Miguel 

Marion 

Griggs 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


232 
215 
249 


90 
987 


331 
1,011 


222 
916 


47 
2,430 

154 
1,180 

901 


1,108 
2,384 

817 
1,467 
1,850 

552 
1,702 

552 
3,370 

315 

972 
1,830 


1,512 

844 

758 

2,778 

1,517 


733 


775 
475 
325 
529 


740 


909 


321 
115 


2,687 
1,582 


895 

404 

1,425 


296 

323 

509 

808 

819 

1,712 

1,312 

8,099 

3,877 

1,494 

153 

1,270 

606 

1,369 

505 

121 

12,194 

668 

2,207 

2,512 

1,045 

236 

1,324 


219 
1,629 


1,000 


1,566 
371 


747 
194 
843 
381 
363 
197 
516 
946 
183 
653 

2,429 
236 
505 
234 
865 

1,019 
468 

2,594 
176 

1,429 

1,371 
771 

1,069 

2,358 
584 

1,406 

1,870 
816 

1,981 
816 

3,399 
628 

1,012 

1,586 
483 

1,604 
704 
863 

3,257 

1,287 
199 
702 

1,265 
905 
851 
766 
431 

1,708 

1,496 

1,163 
110 

1,665 
639 
748 
150 
529 

2,513 

1,592 
265 

1,061 
426 

1,559 
685 
399 
438 
999 
923 
739 

2,003 

1,479 
12,463 

6,957 

1,527 
186 

1,335 
500 

1,266 

641 

391 

14,991 

607 

1,957 

2,861 
919 
226 

1,353 
360 
168 
248 
238 

1,687 
326 

1,136 
186 

1,743 
461 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Romulus,  Ala poBt-prect 

Romulus,  Mich township 

Romulus,  N.Y post-town 

Ronald,  Mich township 

Ronceverte,  W.  Va poet-town 

Rondell,  S.I) poet-twp 

Roodhouse,  III township 

Roodhouse,  III city 

Rook  Creek,  111 township 

Roopville,  Ga miL-dist 

Roopville,  Ga.... post-vill 

Rooster,  Tenn civil-dist 

Rooster  Rock,  Ore precinct 

Root,  Ind township 

Root,  N.Y township 

Rootstown,  O post-twp 

Roper,  N.C post-Till 

Rosalia,  Kan post-twp 

Rosalia,  Wash post-town 

Roscoe,  111 post-twp 

Roscoe,  Iowa township 

Roscoe,  Kan township 

Roscoe,  Minn post-twp 

Roscoe,  Mo.„ township 

Roscoe,  Mo post-vill 

Roscoe,  N.D township 

Roscoe,  S.D post-vill 

Roscommon,  Mich township 

Roscommon,  Mich post-vill 

Rose,  111 township 

Rose,  Mich post-twp 

Rose,  Mich township 

Rose,  Minn township 

Rose,  Neb precinct 

Rose,  N.Y post-town 

Rose,  0 township 

Rose,  Pa township 

Rose,  Wis township 

Rose  Bar,  Cal township 

Roseboom,  N.Y post-town 

Rosebud,  Minn township 

Rose  Bud,  Ore precinct 

Roseburg,  Ore city 

Rose  Bush,  Ore precinct 

Rose  Creek,  Ark township 

Rose  Creek,  Kan township 

Rose  Creek,  Neb precinct 

Rosedale,  111 post-twp 

Rosedale,  Ind post-town 

Rosedale,  Kan post-twp 

Rosedale,  Miss {  poet-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 


Ranker 
place. 


Rosedale,  S.D.. 
Rosedale,  S.D.. 
Rosedale,  Wash...., 
Rose  Dell,  Minn.... 

Rosefleld,  111 

Rose  Grove,  Iowa., 

Rose  Hill,  Ala 

Rose  Hill,  Iowa 

Rose  Hill,  Minn.... 

Rose  Hill,  Mo 

Rose  Hill,  N.D 

Rose  Hill,  S.D 

Rose  Hill,  Va 

Rose  Lake,  Mich... 

Roselaiid,  La... 

Roseland,  Minn.. 
Roseland,  Neb.. 
Roselle,  Iowa.. 
Roselma,  Neb. 
Rosemary,  S.C, 
Rosemond,  111. 
Rosemont,  Minn., 
Rosemont,  Minn., 

Rosendale,  Minn , 

Rosendale,  Mo 

Rosendale,  N.Y 

Rosendale,  N.Y 

Rosendale,  Wis 

Boeeneath,  N.C 

Rosette,  S.D 

Roee  Valley,  Kan... 

Roseville,  Ark 

Roseville,  Ark 

Roseville,  Cal , 

Roseville,  111 

Roseville,  111 , 

Roseville,  Ky 

Roseville,  Minn 

Roseville,  Minn 

Roseville,  N.D , 

Roseville,  0 

Roseville,  Pa 

Rosewood,  Ac,  Fla., 

Rosewood,  Ky , 

Rosewood,  Minn , 


County. 


Tuscaloosa 

Wayne 

Seneca 

Ionia 

Greenbrier 

Brown 

Greene 

Greene 

Livingston 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cocke 

Multnomah 

Adams 

Montgomery.... 

Portage 

Washington 

Butler 

Whitman 

Winnebago 

Davis. 

Reno 

Goodhue 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

La  Moure 

Edmunds. 

Roscommon 

Roscommon 

Shelby 

Oakland 

Ogemaw 

BAmsey 

Scott's  Bluflf..... 

Wayne 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Waushara 

Yuba 

Otsego 

Polk 

Grant 

Douglas 

Wasco 

Perry 

Republic 

Thayer 

Jersey 

Parke 

Wyandotte 

Bolivar 

Clark 

Hanson 

Pierce 

Bock 

Peoria 

Hamilton 

Covington 

Mahaska 

Cottonwood 

Johnson 

Foster 

Hand 

Lee 

Osceola 

Tangipahoa 

Kandijohi 

Adams 

Carroll 

Boone 

Barnwell 

Christian 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Watonwan 

Andrew 

Ulster. ,.... 

Ulster 

Fond  du  Lac.. 

Halifax 

Edmunds 

Stafford 

Logan 

Logan 

Placer 

Warren 

Warren 

Barren 

Grant 

Kandiyohi 

Traill 

Muskingum 

Tioga  

Levy 

Mnhlenburg 

Chippewa 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


760 
1,741 
2,765 
1.499 


1,111 
902 


306 
1,270 
2,275 
1,217 


645 


938 
702 
328 
1,106 
1,253 
172 


114 


1,380 

1,159 

262 

877 


2,244 
1,195 
1,601 
464 
1,496 
1,515 


822 


1,385 
730 
729 
207 
962 


196 
1,220 

267 
1,036 

199 

123 
1,653 


3,287 
470 


821 


863 
1,274 
848 
116 
211 
128 
4,724 


1,193 
1,462 


981 
216 
258 

1,708 
804 

1,336 
194 
286 


631 
186 


448 

196 


616 

1,748 

2,862 

1,371 

481 

666 

3,636 

2,360 

1,135 

1,384 

123 

487 

1,323 

1,394 

2,041 

1,261 

423 

633 

248 

894 

471 

344 

1,056 

1,397 

159 

92 

114 

176 

511 

1,199 

958 

211 

825 

210 

2,107 

1,196 

1,830 

677 

728 

1,190 

620 

135 

1,472 

343 

214 

818 

600 

640 

873 

2,276 

376 

288 

248 

79 

307 

1,116 

660 

1,293 

200 

407 

1,380 

53 

164 

3,762 

627 

281 

183 

782 

1,015 

384 

1,052 

1,180 

589 

198 

369 

288 

6,063 

1,706 

1,099 

1,802 

61 

343 

1,228 

103 

346 

1,476 

788 

1,290 

372 

463 

1,179 

714 

211 

1,869 

1,383 

631 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bosiclair,  111 

Rosiclair,  lU 

Bosine,  Ky 

BoBlne,  Ky 

Rosita,  Col 

Rosita,  Col 

Boslyn,  N.Y 

Roslyu,  Wash 

Ross,  111 

Ross.  Ill 

Ross,  111 

Robs,  Ind 

Ross,  Ind 

Ross,  Iowa. 

Ross,  Iowa 

Ross,  Iowa 

Ross,  Kan 

Ross,  Kan 

Ross,  Mich„ 

Ross,  O 

Ross,  0 

Ross,  0 

Boss,  0 

Ross,  Pa 

Boss,  Pa 

Boss,  Pa 

Boss,  Wash 

Bossie,  N.Y 

Bossville,  111 

Bossville,  Ind 

Bossville,  Kan 

Bossville,  Kan 

Bossville,  0 

Bossville,  S.C 

Bossville,  Tex 

Bost,  Minn 

Bostraver,  Pa 

Boswell,  Col 

Boswell,  Ga 

Boswell,  X.M 

Boswell,  N.M 

Boswell,  S.D 

Rotate,  Kan 

Rothsay,  Minn 

Rotterdam,  N.Y 

Roubidonx,  Mo 

Roubidoux,  Neb 

Rough  and  Ready,  Cal. 
Rough  and  Ready  Fur- 
nace, Tenn 

Rough  Creek,  Ky 

Rough  Edge,  Ga 

Rough  Edge,  Ga 

Roulette,  Pa 

Bound  Grove,  111 

Round  Grove,  Ind 

Round  Grove,  Minn 

Round  Grove,  Mo 

Bound  Grove,  Mo 

Boundhead,  0 

Bound  Hill,  Va 

Bound  Lake,  Minn 

Bound  Mound,  Kan 

Bound  Mountain,  Ala.. 

Bound  Pond,  Ky 

Bound  Prairie,  Ark 

Bound  Prairie,  Iowa.... 
Bound  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Bound  Prairie,  Mo 

Bound  Springs,  Kan 

Bound  Top,  Tex 

Boundup,  Mont 

Bound  Valley,  Cal 

Bountree,  111 

Bouse,  Col 

House's  Point,  N.Y 

Rousseau,  S.D 

Bover,  Ark 

Bovohl,  Kan 

Bowanta,  Va 

Bowe,  Mass 

Eowe,  N.M 

Bowe  Creek,  <fec..  Ore... 

Bowell,  S.C 

Bowena,  Ky 

Bowena,  S.D 

Bowland,  Ark 

Rowland,  Cal 

Bowland,  Ky 

Bowland,  N.C 

Bowland,  Ore 

Bowlesburg,  W.  Va 

Bowley,  Mass 

Boxana,  Mich 

Boxborough,  N.C 

Boxborougb,  N.C 

196 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

poBt-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

po8t-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

civil-dlst 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twpj 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Hardin 

Hardin 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Custer 

Custer 

Queens 

Kittitass 

Edgar 

Pike. 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Lake 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Taylor 

Cherokee 

Osborne 

Kalamazoo 

Butler 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Wood 

Alleghany 

Luzerne 

Monroe 

King 

Saint  Lawrence 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Darks 

Chester 

Atascosa..... 

Jackson 

Westmoreland.. 

El  Paso 

Cobb 

Chaves 

Chaves 

Miner 

Rawlins 

Wilkin 

Schenectady 

Texas 

Bluff. 

Nevada 


Stewart 

Breckenridge.. 

Talbot 

Troup 

Potter 

Livingston 

White , 

McLeod , 

Macon , 

Marion , 

Hardin 

Loudoun 

Jackson 

Osborne 

Cherokee , 

Simpson 

Benton 

Jefferson , 

Todd 

Callaway 

Mitchell 

Fayette 

Yellowstone... 

Mendocino 

Montgomery.. 

Huerfano , 

Clinton 

Hughes 

Yell 

Thomas 

Dinwiddle 

Franklin 

San  Miguel.... 

Gilliam 

Marion 

Russell 

Minnehaha.... 

Pulaski 

Los  Angeles... 

Lincoln 

Bobeson 

Coos 

Preston 

Essex 

Eaton 

Person 

Person 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


994 

368 

3,436 

146 


1,008 
1,101 


1,306 

333 

2,654 

1,870 

1,584 

624 

1,280 

738 

1,071 

1,119 

1,617 

1,693 

1,335 

741 

639 

1,976 

1,053 

710 


1,709 
768 
471 

1,466 
323 


1,922 


124 
3,231 


1,180 


2,326 
467 


1,664 
906 


960 

1,856 

648 

906 

804 

386 

911 

1,808 

1,035 


116 
465 


1,346 
1,502 
1,116 

440 
1,312 

304 


742 
822 


1,485 
"447 


3,981 
502 


1,122 
921 


110 

402 

1,201 

1,597 

1,939 

483 


1,072 

274 

4,194 

160 

473 

304 

1,261 

1,484 

1,591 

415 

3,129 

1,866 

1,427 

685 

503 

706 

1,204 

1,569 

1,347 

1,450 

1,230 

660 

728 

2,202 

1,102 

727 

218 

1,493 

879 

694 

1,466 

420 

264 

1,861 

760 

319 

3,895 

175 

1,138 

752 

343 

263 

230 

174 

3,098 

968 

105 

1,131 

706 

2,860 

875 

1,809 

1,135 

983 

779 

589 

900 

1,516 

1,167 

207 

316 

264 

1,142 

1,153 

849 

890 

503 

820 

220 

238 

95 

975 

842 

580 

1,856 

93 

688 

454 

3,919 

541 

315 

220 

1,245 

965 

126 

713 

736 

512 

72 

150 

560 

1,248 

1,731 

2,626 

421 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Boxbury,  Conn 

Boxbury,  Me , 

Boxbury,  N.H 

Roxhury,  N.J , 

Roxbury,  N.Y 

Roxbury,  Vt , 

Roxbury,  Wis , 

Roxobel,  N.C , 

Roxton,  Tex 

Boy,  S.D , 

Roy,  Wash 

Royal,  Ark 

Royal,  Kan , 

Royal,  Minn , 

Boyal,  Neb , 

Boyal  Centre,  Ind , 

Royal  Oak,  Mich , 

Royalston,  Mass 

Royalton,  Mich 

RoyaltoD,  Minn 

Royalton,  Minn , 

Royalton,  N.Y 

Royalton,  0 

Royalton,  0 

Royalton,  0 

Royalton,  Vt 

Royalton,  Wis. 

Royer's  Ford,  Pa 

Royse  City,  Tex 

Boyston,  Ga 

Bnbicon,  111 

Bubicon,  Mich 

Bubicon,  Wis 

Buckersville,  Ga 

Buckersville,  Va 

Budd,  Iowa 

Buddell,  Ark 

Buddel's  Mills,  Ky 

Ruddel's  Mills,  Ky 

Ruddock,  Ore 

Budolph,  Wis 

Budy,  Ark 

Buedi,  Col 

Buella,  Kan 

BufBn,  N.C 

Bugby,  N.D 

Buggies,  O 

Bugh,  N.D 

Bulo,  Neb 

Bulo,  Neb 

Bnma,  111 

Bnmford,  Me 

Burnley,  0 

Bumney,  N.H 

Bumsey,  Kan 

Bumsey,  Ky 

Bumsey,  Ky 

Buneberg,  Minn 

Bunnells,  Iowa 

Banning  Water,  Neb.. 
Bunning  Water,  Neb.., 
Bunning  Water,  Neb.. 

Bupert,  Vt 

Bural,  III 

Rural,  Kan 

Bural,  Kan 

Busco,  Neb 

Ruscombmanor,  Pa 

Bush,  111 , 

Bush,  Kan 

Rush,  Mich 

Rush,  Mo 

Rush,  N.Y 

Rush,  O , 

Rush,  0 

Rush,  O 

Rush,  Pa 

Rush,  Pa. 

Rush,  Pa 

Rush.  Pa 

Rush,  Pa 

Rush  Centre,  Kan 

Bush  City,  Minn 

Rush  Creek,  Col 

Rush  Creek,  Ac,  Neb.., 

Rush  Creek,  O 

Rush  Creek,  0 

Rusliford,  Minn 

Rushford,  Minn 

Rushford,  N.D 

Rushford,  Wis 

Rush  Hill,  Mo 

Rush  Lake,  Iowa. 

Rush  Lake,  Minn 

Rush  River,  N.D 

Rush  River,  Wis , 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

poBt-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post  twp 

post-viU 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poet-towu 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-diiit 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

po8t-twp 

P08t-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post' town 

township 

mag.-dist 

poet-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Litchfield 

Oxford 

Cheshire 

Morris 

Delaware 

Washington 

Dane 

Bertie 

Lamar 

Potter 

Pierce 

White 

Ford 

Lincoln 

Antelope 

Cass 

Oakland 

Worcester 

Berrien 

Morrison 

Pine 

Niagara 

Cuyahoga 

Fairfield 

Fulton 

Windsor 

Waupaca 

Montgomery.... 

Rockwall 

Franklin 

Greene 

Huron 

Dodge 

Elbert 

Greene 

Floyd 

Independence . 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Umatilla 

Wood 

Crawford 

Eagle 

Harper , 

Rockingham.... 

Pierce 

Ashland 

Nelson 

Richardson 

Richardson 

Randolph 

Oxford , 

Harrison 

Grafton 

Comanche 

McLean 

McLean 

Becker 

Polk „... 

Boxbutte 

Sheridan 

Sioux 

Bennington 

Rock  Island 

Jefferson 

Kingman 

Buffalo 

Berks 

Jo  Daviess 

Books 

Shiawassee 

Buchanan 

Monroe 

Champaign 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas 

Centre 

Dauphin 

Northumberl'd 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna.... 

Bush 

Chisago 

Lincoln 

Deuel 

Fairfield 

Logan 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Walsh 

Winnebago 

Audrain 

Palo  Alto 

Otter  Tail 

Cass 

St.  Croix 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


950 

176 

126 

2,139 

2,344 

938 

1,157 

1,702 


1,264 


221 


399 
1,709 
1,192 
1,024 


65 
4, 
1,124 

170 
1,096 
1,558 
1,086 

558 


127 


1,229 
1,630 
1,141 
1,911 

795 
2,176 
1,389 

250 


908 


261 
3,706 


726 


1,418 
673 
888 
1,006 
1,261 
1,050 


1,049 
204 


957 

943 

1,027 


1,466 
1,106 

314 
1,286 
2,325 
1,741 
2,150 

778 
1,037 
1,591 

124 
1,263 

599 
1,357 


580 


8,605 

2,266 

863 

941 


2,059 


237 

448 


677 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rushseba,  Minn 

RushsylTania,  0 

Rushville,  111 

Rushville,  III 

Rushville,  Ind 

Rushville,  Ind 

Rushville,  Kan 

Rushville,  Neb 

Rushville,  Neb 

Rushville,  N.Y 

Rushville,  0 

Rusk,  S.D 

Rusk,  Tex 

Rusk,  Wig 

Russell,  Ala 

Russell,  Ark 

Russell,  III 

Russell,  Ind 

Russell,  Iowa 

Russell,  Kan 

Russell,  Kan 

Russell,  Ky 

Russell,  Mass 

Russell,  Mo 

Russell,  Mo 

Russell,  Neb 

Russell,  Neb 

Russell,  N.Y 

Russell,  N.D 

Russell,  0 

Russell,  Wis 

Russell,  Wis 

Russell  Gulch,  C!ol 

Russell  Springs,  Col 

Russell  Springs,  Kan... 
Russell  Springs,  Kan... 

Rusaellville,  Ala 

Russellville,  Ala 

Russellville,  Ark 

Russellville,  Ga 

Russellville,  111 

Russellville,  Ind 

Russellville,  Ky 

Russellville,  Ky 

Russellville,  0 

Russellville,  Tenn 

Russia,  Minn 

Russia,  N.Y 

Russia,  0 

Russian  River,  Cal 

Russiaville,  Ind 

Rust,  Mich 

Rustburg,  Va 

Rustburg,  Va 

Ruston,  La 

Ruth,  Mo 

Ruthimrg,  Idaho 

Rutherford,  Ind 

Rutherford,  N.J 

Rutherford,  Tenn 

Rutherfordton,  N.C 

Ruthsburg,  Md 

Ruthven,  Iowa 

Rutland,  &c.,  Fla 

Rutland,  Ga 

Rutland,  III 

Rutland,  111 

Rutland,  III 

Rutland,  Iowa 

Rutland,  Iowa 

Rutland,  Kan 

Rutland,  Ky 

Rutland,  Mass 

Rutland,  Mich 

Rutland,  Minn 

Rutland,  N.Y 

Rutland,  N.D 

Rutland,  0 

Rutland,  Pa 

Rutland,  S.D 

Rutland,  Vt 

Rutland,  Vt 

Rutland,  Wis 

Rutledge,  Ala 

Rutledge,  Ala 

Rutledge,  Ga 

Rutledge,  111 

Rutledge,  Pa 

Ruyle,  111 

Ryan,  Kan 

Ryan,S.C 

Ryan,  Glades,  Md 

Rye,  N.H 

Rye,  N.Y 

Rye,  N.D , 

Eye,  Pa 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mll.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

l)08t-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


Chisago 

Logan 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Rush 

Rush 

Phillips 

Sheridan 

Sheridan 

Yates 

Fairfield 

Day 

Cherokee 

Burnett 

Fayette 

White 

Lawrence 

Putnam 

Lucas 

Russell 

Russell 

Greenup 

Hampden 

Camden 

Macon 

Frontier 

Otoe 

Saint  Lawrence 

La  Moure 

Geanga 

Lincoln 

Sheboygan  

Gilpin 

Saguache 

Logan 

Logan 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Pope 

Monroe 

Lawrence 

Putnam 

Logan 

Logan 

Brown 

Hamblen 

Polk 

Herkimer 

Lorain 

Sonoma 

Howard 

Montmorency.. 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Lincoln 

Stone 

Washington 

Martin 

Bergen 

Gibson 

Rutherford 

Queen  Anne's... 

Palo  Alto 

Sumter 

Bibb 

Kane 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Humboldt 

Woodbury 

Montgomery.... 

Harrison 

Worcester 

Barry 

Martin 

Jefferson 

Sargent 

Meigs 

Tioga 

Lake 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Dane 

Crenshaw 

Crenshaw 

Morgan 

De  Witt 

Delaware 

Jersey 

Sumner 

Edgefield 

Garrett 

Rockingham.... 

Westchester 

Grand  Forks.... 
Perry 


Population. 


1880.   1890. 


3M 

44.5 
2,956 
1,662 
4,396 
2,515 

248 


503 
227 


359 


1,283 

1,294 
345 

2,001 
861 
175 
823 

1,156 


1,148 
2,403 


713 


557 
643 


186 
825 
834 
265 
157 
5,783 
2,058 
478 


2,177 

4,376 

1,076 

419 


5,359 
194 


1,315 
2,299 
323 
1,243 
2,040 
73 


1,999 

1,033 

1,767 

402 

444 

192 

1,061 

1,406 

1,069 

1,225 

264 

1.796 


2,340 
1,064 


12,149 

7,502 

1,133 

1,286 

215 

273 

648 


740 
453 
1,117 
1,0311 
1,111 
6,576 


849 


669 

497 

1,266 

2,031 

5,101 

3,476 

327 

782 

484 

450 

291 

281 

1,383 

232 

879 

583 

1,500 

1,327 

44;i 

1,159 

961 

323 

879 

1,617 

959 

539 

1,410 

2,132 

38 

632 

402 

439 

673 

137 

414 

117 

2,988 

920 

1,321 

812 

284 

327 

5,011 

2,253 

324 

761 

166 

2,146 

5,369 

1,219 

603 

203 

6,477 

362 

767 

241 

71 

1,218 

2,293 

536 

1,904 

2,001 

580 

3,414 

2,440 

1,140 

1,779 

609 

700 

860 

1,251 

1,472 

980 

1,030 

414 

1,798 

236 

2,201 

860 

416 

11,760 

8,239 

1,222 

3,007 

314 

688 

688 

269 

692 

748 

1,321 

1,457 

978 

9,477 

106 

710 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Byegate,  Vt 

Rye  Valley,  Ore 

Sabetha,  Kan 

Sabina,  0 

Sabinal,  N.M 

Sabinosa,  N.M 

Sabula,  Iowa 

Sac,  Iowa 

Sac,  Mo 

Sac  Bay,  Mich 

Sac  City,  Iowa 

Sackett's  Harbor,  N.Y.. 

Saco,  Me 

Sacramento,  Cal 

Sacramento,  Ky 

Sacramento,  Ky 

Sacramento  River,  Cal. 

Sacred  Heart,  Minn 

Sacred  Heart,  Minn 

Saddle  Butte,  Ore 

Saddle  River,  N.J 

SadieviUe,  Ky 

Sadorus,  111 

Sadorus,  111 

Sadsbury,  Pa 

Sadsbury,  Pa 

Sadsbury,  Pa 

Saegerstown,  Pa 

Safe  Harbor,  Pa 

Sage,  Mich 

Saginaw,  Mich 

Saginaw,  Mich 

Saguache,  Col 

Saguache,  Col 

Sahruyuk,  Alaska 

Saint  Albans,  111 

Saint  Albans,  Me 

Saint  Albans,  0 

Saint  Albans,  Vt 

Saint  Andrew,  S.C 

Saint  Andrews,  N.D 

Saint  Andrew's  Bay,Fla 
Saint  Andrew's  Bay,Fla 

Saint  Anne,  111 

Saint  Anne,  111 

Saint  Ansgar,  Iowa 

Saint  Ansgar,  Iowa 

Saint  Anthony,  Minn... 

Saint  Armand,  N.Y 

Saint  Aubert's,  Mo 

Saint  Augusta,  Minn.... 
Saint  Augustine,  Fla.... 

Saint  Augustine,  III 

Saint  Bernard,  Neb 

Saint  Bernard,  0 

Saint  Bridget,  Kan 

Saint  Charles,  Idaho.... 

Saint  Charles,  111 

Saint  Charles,  111 

Saint  Charles,  Iowa 

Saint  Charles,  Iowa 

Saint  Charles,  Ky 

Saint  Charles,  Ky.. 

Saint  Charles,  Mich 

Saint  Charles,  Minn 

Saint  Charles,  Minn 

Saint  Charles,  Mo 

Saint  Charles,  Mo 

Saint  Charles,  Neb 

Saint  Clair,  Ala 

Saint  Clair,  III 

Saint  Clair,  Iowa 

Saint  Clair,  Iowa 

Saint  Clair,  Mich 

Saint  Clair,  Mich 

Saint  Clair,  Mo 

Saint  Clair,  Mont 

Saint  Clair,  0 

Saint  Clair,  0 

Saint  Clair,  Pa 

Saint  Clair,  Pa 

Saint  Clair,  Pa 

Saint  Clair,  Tenn 

Saint  Clair,  Va 

Saint  Clairsville,  0 

Saint  Clairsville,  Pa..... 

Saint  Clere,  Kan 

Saint  Cloud,  Minn 

Saint  Cloud,  Minn 

Saint  Croix  Falls,  Wis. 
Saint  Croix  Falls,  Wis. 
Saint  Dennis  and  Saint 

Thomas,  S.C 

Saint  Deroin,  Neb 

Saint  Edward,  Neb.... 
Sainte  Genevieve,  Mo. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 
post-prect 
post-town 
township 


County. 


Caledonia.... 

Baker 

Nemaha 

Clinton 

Socorro 

San  Miguel.. 

Jackson 

Sac 

Dade 

Delta 

Sac 

Jefferson 

York 

Sacramento., 

McLean 

McLean 

Shasta 

Renville 

Renville 

Harney 

Bergen 

Scott 

Champaign., 
Champaign... 

Chester 

Crawford 

Lancaster 

Crawford 

Lancaster.... 

Gladwin 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Saguache.:... 
Saguache..... 


Hancock 

Somerset 

Licking 

Franklin 

Berkeley 

Walsh 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Mitchell 

Mitchell  

Hennepin... 

Essex 

Callaway 

Stearns 

Saint  John's.... 

Knox 

Platte 

Hamilton 

Marshall 

Bear  Lake 

Kane.. 

Kane 

Floyd 

Madisou 

Hopkins... 

Hopkins 

Saginaw 

Winona 

Winona 

Saint  Charles... 
Saint  Charles... 

Cuming 

Lowndes 

Saint  Clair 

Benton 

Monona 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Franklin 

Cascade 

Butler 

Columbiana 

Beaver 

Schuylkill 

Westmoreland. 

Hawkins 

Smyth 

Belmont 

Bedford 

Pottawatomie.. 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Polk 


Berkeley 

Nemaha 

Boone 

Ste.  Genevieve. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,046 
122 

849 
767 


1,223 
681 

1,200 
379 
695 
885 

6,389 
21,420 

1,420 
172 
468 

1,171 
76 


1,356 


1,598 
250 
749 
895 

1,782 
678 
691 


1,376 
29,541 


325 


1,284 
1,394 
1,18" 
7,193 
6,215 


371 


1,168 
412 

1,215 
552 
485 
462 

1,320 
798 

2,293 
289 


1,022 


2,519 
1,633 
3,942 
183 
1,444 


1,639 
740 
1,165 
8,417 
5,014 


1,398 


907 

331 

1,996 

1,923 

217 


1,262 
1,186 

289 
4,149 

783 

192 
2,404 
1,128 

144 


698 

2,462 

642 

216 

2,342 
190 
168 

3,929 

197 


1,126 

120 

1,368 

1,080 

379 

199 

918 

920 

1,626 

186 

1,249 

787 

6,076 

26,386 

1,278 

297 

706 

1,098 

327 

115 

2,197 

170 

1,665 

277 

843 

846 

1,861 

746 

613 

547 

1,340 

46,322 

943 

660 

32 

1,263 

1,206 

1,053 

7,771 

5,671 

418 

399 

367 

1,433 

718 

1,200 

609 

92 

633 

1,227 

791 

4,742 

266 

720 

1,779 

889 

783 

2,678 

1,690 

1,636 

387 

?  1,500 

449 

1,807 

661 

1,178 

9,298 

6,161 

523 

1,277 

2,741 

766 

798 

1,807 

2,363 

208 

236 

1,097 

1,021 

411 

3,680 

836 

366 

2,768 

1,191 

134 

339 

774 

7,686 

798 

746 

2,906 
138 
193 

3,992 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sainte  Genevieve,  Mo... 

Saint  Elmo,  Ala. 

Saint  Elmo,  111 

nt  Elmo,  Tenn 

nt  Ferdinand,  Mo.... 

nt  Ferdinand,  Mo.... 

nt  Francis,  Ark 

nt  Francis,  Ark 

nt  Francis,  Ark 

nt  Francis,  Ark 

nt  Francis,  Ark 

nt  Francis,  111 

nt  Francis,  Minn.... 

ut  Francis,  Mo 

nt  Francis,  Mo 

nt  Francisville,  111... 
Saint  Francisville,  La.. 

"nt  Francois,  Mo 

nt  Franfois,  Mo 

nt  George,  Alaska... 

nt  George,  Kan 

nt  George,  Me 

nt  George,  Minn 

nt  George,  Utah 

nt  George,  Vt 

nt  George,  W.  Va.... 

nt  George,  W.  Va.... 

nt  George  Isl'd,  Md. 

nt  George's,  Del 

nt  George's,  Del 

nt  George's,  S.C 

ut  Helen,  Mich 

nt  Helen,  Ore  ....".... 

nt  Helena,  Cal 

nt  Helena,  Neb 

ut  Helena,  S.C 

nt  Hilaire,  Minn 

nt  Ignace,  Mich 

nt  Ignace,  Mich 

nt  Inigoes,  Md 

nt  Jacob,  111 

ut  Jacob,  111 

Qt  James,  Minn 

nt  James,  Minn 

nt  James,  Mo 

nt  James,  Mo 

nt  James,  Mo 

nt  James,  S.C 

nt  James  Goose 

Creek,  S.C 

Saint  James  Santee,S.C. 

Saint  Jo,  Tex 

Saint  Joe,  Ark 

Saint  John,  Ind 

Saint  John,  Iowa 

Saint  John,  Kan 

Saint  John,  Kan 

Saint  John,  Minn 

Saint  John,  Mo 

Saint  John,  Mo 

Saint  .John,  Neb 

Saint  John,  N.C 

Saint  John,  Utah 

Saint  John  Berkeley, 

S.C 

Sai 


Sa; 


nt  John  Colleton,S.C 

nt  John's,  Ariz 

nt  John's,  Idaho 

nt  John's,  Mich 

nt  John's,  Ore 

nt  John's,  Ore 

nt  Johnsbury,  Vt.... 

nt  Johnsbury,  Vt.... 

nt  Johnsville,  N.Y... 

nt  Johnsville,  N.Y... 

nt  Joseph,  111 

ut  Joseph,  111 

nt  Joseph,  Ind 

nt  Joseph,  La 

nt  Joseph,  Mich 

nt  Joseph,  Mich 

nt  Joseph,  Minn 

nt  Joseph,  Minn 

nt  Joseph,  Mo 

nt  Joseph,  N.D 

nt  Joseph,  0 

nt  Joseph,  Wis 

nt  Lawrence,  Minn. 

nt  Lawrence,  S.D.... 

nt  Lawrence,  S.D.... 

nt  Lawrence,  Wis... 
Saint  Lawrence  Island, 

Alaska 

Saint  Leon,  Ind 

Saint  Libory,  Neb 

Saint  Louis,  Mich 

198 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vlll 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

hundred 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

village 
post-town 
post-prect 
post-Till 


County. 


Ste.  Genevieve.. 

Mobile 

Fayette.. ..«. 

Hamilton 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Clay 

Clay 

Greene 

Lee 

Phillips 

Effingham.... 

Anoka 

Madison 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

West  Feliciana 

Butler 

Saint  Francois 


Pottawatomie... 

Knox 

Benton 

Washington 

Chittenden 

Tucker 

Tucker 

Saint  Mary's.... 

New  Castle 

New  Castle 

Colleton 

Koscomraon 

Columbia 

Napa 

Cedar  

Beaufort 

Polk 

Mackinac 

Mackinac 

Saint  Mary's. ... 

Madison 

Madison 

Watonwan 

Watonwan 

Mississippi 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Clarendon 


Berkeley , 

Berkeley 

Montague 

Searcy  

Lake 

Harrison 

Stafford 

Stafford 

Kandiyohi 

Franklin 

New  Madrid. 

Dakota. 

Hertford 

Tooele 


Berkeley 

Berkeley 

Apache 

Oneida 

Clinton 

Multnomah.., 
Multnomah... 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Montgomery , 
Montgomery  , 
Champaign..., 
Champaign..., 

Allen 

Tensas 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Buchanan 

Pembina , 

Williams 

St.  Croix 

Scott 

Hand , 

Hand , 

Waupaca 


Dearborn., 
Howard.... 
Gratiot 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,422 
787 
323 


7,923 
817 
132 


815 
688 

7,014 
828 
270 
62(» 

1,422 
334 
721 
275 

2,325 


762 
2,875 

453 

1,384 

93 

863 

150 


5,073 
338 
279 


209 
1,339 

200 
6,644 


32 
934 
2,195 
1,779 
461 
282 
444 
924 
841 
392 
951 

10,606 
3,744 

342 

682 
1,513 
2,297 

678 
56 

167 
1,910 

467 


3,300 


9,586 

10,388 

546 


2,370 
209 


5,800 
3,360 
2,002 
1,072 
1,454 

328 
1,521 

486 
3,550 
2,603 

571 

292 
32,431 


2,073 
642 
297 


874 


254 

341 

1,«76 


1,586 
370 
354 

2,577 

8,399 
769 
813 
356 

1,072 
798 

9,880 
897 
324 
626 

2,071 
432 
950 
334 

2,953 

93 

544 

2,491 
528 

1,377 
106 

1,157 
316 
333 

4,785 
323 
629 
867 
220 

1,705 
189 

7,747 
193 
130 

2,704 

1,664 

1,648 
475 
473 
939 

1,625 
898 
467 

1,423 

12,603 

2,894 

710 

738 

1,686 

3,792 

1,128 

865 

312 

1,773 

447 

676 

4,184 

152 

9,381 

12,244 

482 

321 

3,127 

579 

310 

6,567 

3,857 

2,081 

1,263 

1,599 

552 

1,546 

473 

4,826 

3,733 

562 

503 

52,324 

1,131 

2,124 

774 

334 

497 

320 

1,004 

267 

368 

697 

2,246 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Saint  Louis,  Mo 

Saint  Louis,  Mont. 

Saint  Louis  Park,Minn. 

Saint  Louisville,  0 

Saint  Marie,  III 

Saint  Marie,  111 

Saint  Marie,  Wis 

Saint  Mark,  S.C 

Saint  Mark's,  Fla 

Saint  Martin,  Minn 

Saint  Martin's,  Md 

Saint  Martinville,  La... 

Saint  Mary,  Minn 

Saint  Mary's,  Col 

Saint  Mary'^,  Ga 

Saint  Mary's,  Ga 

Saint  Mary's,  111 

Saint  Mary's,  Ind 

Saint  Mary's,  Iowa 

Saint  Mary's,  Kan 

Saint  Mary's,  Kan 

Saint  Mary's,  Ky 

Saint  Mary's,  Mo 

Saint  Mary's,  Mo 

Saint  Mary's,  N.C 

Saint  Mary's,  0 

Saint  Mary's,  0 

Saint  Mary's,  Pa 

Saint  Mary's,  W.  Va 

Saint  Matthew's,  N.C... 
Saint  Matthew's,  S.C... 

Saint  Meinrad,  Ind 

Saint  Michael,  Alaska.. 

Saint  Michael,  Mo 

Saint  Michael's,  Md 

Saint  Michael's,  Md 

Saint  Nicholas.  Fla 

Saint  Nicholas,  Pa 

Saint  Olaf,  Minn 

Saint  Paris,  O 

Saint  Paul,  Alaska 

Saint  Paul,  Ark 

Saint  Paul,  Minn 

Saint  Paul,  Neb 

Saint  Paul,  Neb 

Saint  Paul,  Ore 

Saint  Paul  Park.  Minn. 

Saint  Paul's,  N.C 

Saint  Peter,  Md 

Saint  Peter,  Minn 

Saint  Peter,  Va. 

Saint  Petersburg,  Fla... 
Saint  Petersburg,  Pa.... 

Saint  Philip,  S.C 

Saint  Regis  Falls,  N.Y. 

Saint  Rose,  111 

Saints,  Ala 

Saint  Sophie,  La 

Saint  Stephen,  S.C 

Saint  Stephen,  S.C 

Saint  Stephens,  Ala 

Saint  Stephens,  Neb 

Saint  Thomas,  Fla 

Saint  Thomas,  N.D 

Saint  Thomas,  N.D 

Saint  Thomas,  Pa 

Saint  Vincent,  Minn.... 
Saint  Wendall,  Minn... 

Sakar,  Alaska 

Sakataloden,  Alaska.... 

Salocoa,  Ga 

Salado,  Ark 

Salamanca,  Kan 

Salamanca,  N.Y 

Salamanca,  N.Y 

Salamonia,  Ind 

Salamonie,  Ind 

Sale  Creek,  Tenn 

Salem,  Ala 

Salem,  Ark 

Salem,  Ark 

Salem,  Conn 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  III 

Salem,  111 

Salem,  111 

Salem,  111 

Salem,  111 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

poat-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

preciuct 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


County. 


St.  Louis 

Jefferson 

Hennepin 

Licking 

Jasper. 

Jasper 

Green  Lake 

Clarendon 

Wakulla 

Stearns 

Worcester 

Saint  Martin... 

Waseca 

Huerfano 

Camden 

Camden 

Hancock 

Adams 

Mills 

Pottawatomie.. 
Pottawatomie.. 

Marion 

Perry 

Ste.  Genevieve. 

Wake 

Auglaize 

Auglaize 

Elk 

Pleasants 

Wake 

Orangeburg.... 
Spencer 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


350,518 


Madiaon 

Talbot 

Talbot 

Duval 

Schuylkill.. 
Otter  Tail... 
Champaign. 


Madison 

Ramsey 

Howard 

Howard 

Marion 

Washington... 

Robeson 

Somerset 

Nicollet 

New  Kent 

Hillsborough., 

Clarion 

Charleston 

Franklin 

Clinton 

Colbert 

Plaquemines  . 

Berkeley 

Berkeley 

Washington.. . 

Nuckolls 

Pasco 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Franklin 

Kittson 

Stearns 


Bartow 

Independence., 

Cherokee , 

Chattaraugus.., 
Chattaraugus.., 

Jay 

Huntington 

Hamilton 

Lee 

Greene 

Sebastian 

New  London .., 

Baldwin 

Lincoln 

Oconee 

Pulaski 

Carroll 

Edwards 

Knox 

Marion 

Marion 

Delaware 

Pulaski 

Steuben 

Washington 

Henry. 


215 
918 
243 
705 
709 


516 
1,382 
1,606 

767 


1,375 


1,542 

979 

271 

1,418 

884 

966 

1,493 

419 

2,944 

3,147 

1,745 

1,501 

350 

1,878 

271 


3,549 
3,791 
1,175 


658 
1,099 


41,473 

1,322 

482 


1,622 
1,424 
3,436 
1,408 


1,044 
1,183 


1,226 
1,651 


3,599 
79 


2,358 
489 
510 


1,993 
3,498 
2,531 
133 
1,864 


2,035 

742 

168 

574 

1,966 

868 

610 

354 

850 

1,856 

1,794 

2,182 

1,327 

1,592 

936 

1,567 

1,615 

1,686 


461,770 

71 

499 

264 

1,242 

318 

751 

749 

268 

692 

1,466 

1,814 

R9» 

78 

1,13» 

575 

1,561 

l,0fi6 

218 

2,163 

1,174 

1,111 

1,568 

446 

2,680 

4,388 

3,000 

1,745 

520 

1,912 

524 

483 

101 

3,438 

4,126 

1,329 

350 

823 

681 

1,145 

244 

417 

133,156 

2,140 

1,263 

4i)l 

1,173 

2,066 

1,363 

3,671 

1,424 

273 

665 

1,069 

1,210 

1,022 

1,294 

566 

4,200 

230 

387 

396 

468 

1,219 

477 

2,180 

507 

631 

21 

39 

167 

281 

992 

4,572 

3,692 

160 

2,346 

486 

1,999 

1,111 

117 

481 

1,686 

643 

594 

1,286 

803 

1,811 

1,677 

2,250 

1,493 

1,583 

1,000 

1,696 

1,975 

1,470 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Salem,  Iowa. 

Salem,  Kan 

Salem,  Kan 

Salem,  Kan 

Salem,  Ky 

Salem,  Ky 

Salem,  Ky 

Salem,  Me 

Salem,  Mass 

Salem,  Mich 

Salem,  Mich 

Salem,  Minn 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Neb 

Salem,  Neb 

Salem,  Neb 

Salem,  N.H 

Salem,  N.J 

Salem,  N.Y 

Salem,  N.C 

Salem,  N.C 

Salem,  O 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  O 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  O 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  Ore 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  S.D 

Salem,  S.D 

Salem,  Utah 

Salem,  Utah 

Salem,  Va 

Salem,  Ya 

Salem,  Va. 

Salem,  W.Va 

Salem,  Wis 

Salem,  Wis 

Salem  Chapel,  N.C... 

SaivesTille,  Mont 

Salesville,  0 

Salida,  Col 

Salina,  Col 

Salina,  111 

Saliua,  Kan 

Salina,  N.Y 

Salina,  Utah 

Salinas,  Cal 

Salinas,  Cal 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  111 

Saline,  111 

Saline,  Kan 

Saline,  Kan 

Saline,  Mich 

Saline,  Mich 

Saline,  Miss 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  O 

Saline,  Tenn 

Saline  Mines,  Ill..„... 

Salineyille,  O 

Saling,  Mo 

Salisbury,  Conn 

Salisbury,  HI 

Salisbury,  Md. 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-rill 

township' 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vlll 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

city 

precinct 

poBt-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post  twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

poit-twp 

district 


County. 


Heniy 

Allen 

Greenwood.. 
Sedgwick.... 
Livingston.. 

Morgan 

Union 

Franklin 

Essex 

Allegan 

Washtenaw. 

Olmsted 

Daviess 

Dent , 

Dunklin 

Lewis 

Perry , 

Franklin 

Richardson.. 
Bichardson., 
Bockingham.... 

Salem 

Washington.... 

Forsyth 

Pasquotank 

Auglaize....  .  .. 

Champaign 

Columbiana.... 
Columbiana..... 

Highland 

Jefferson 

Meigs , 

Monroe 

Muskingum..... 

Ottawa 

Shelby 

Tuscarawas 

Warren , 

Washington 

Wyandot 

Marion 

Clarion 

Luzerne 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Westmoreland. 
Westmoreland. 

McCook 

McCook 

Utah 

Utah 

Culpeper 

Boanoke 

Boanoke , 

Harrison 

Kenosha 

Pierce 

Forsyth 

Gallatin 

Guernsey 

Chaffee 

Buulder 

Kankakee 

Saline 

Onondaga 

Sevier 

Monterey 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Cleburne 

Cleveland 

Drew 

Hempstead 

Hot  Spring 

Howard 

Saline 

Sevier i.... 

Madison 

Williamson 

Ellis 

Sheridan 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Greene 

Cooper 

Miller 

Perry 

Balls 

Ste.  Genevieve. 

Jefferson 

Stewart 

GallaUn 

Columbiana 

Audrain 

Litchfield 

Sangamon 

Wicomico 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


S24 

678 
621 
584 

1,616 
471 

1,282 

273 

27,563 

1,574 

1,192 
990 
982 

1,624 
756 

1,197 

1,087 


1,036 

473 
1,809 
5,056 
3,498 
1,340 
1,880 
1,160 
2,108 
5,142 
4,041 
1,144 
1,907 
1,668 
2,377 

874 
2,683 
1,576 
2,467 
2,052 
1,638 
1,547 
1,088 
1,496 
1,448 

692 
1,635 
1,851 

440 


510 


2,590 
5,099 
1,759 

248 
1,286 

478 
1,226 


266 


946 
3,111 
2,888 

438 
1,854 
1,209 


397 
934 

1,731 
264 
688 

2,417 


1,302 

1,468 

436 


1,927 

858 

476 

1,630 

2,404 

1,331 

1,682 

1,493 

1,480 

1,066 

594 

2,302 

1,597 

3,715 

689 

1,486 


661 

825 
1,010 

746 
1,453 

754 
1,221 

218 

30,801 

1,684 

1,182 

765 
1,133 
1,315 
1,473 
1,173 
1,246 

696 
1,171 

604 
1,805 
6,516 
3,127 
2,711 
1,674 
1,136 
1,875 
5,477 
5,780 
1,068 
1,621 
1,551 
1,975 

872 
3,054 
1,569 
1.838 
1,724 
1,571 
1,291 
1,886 
1,147 
1,303 

640 
1,416 
2,395 

311 

791 

429 

627 

627 
2,570 
6,710 
3,279 

310 
1,493 

845 
1,287 

329 

296 
2,586 

206 

953 
6,149 
3,490 

628 
2,339 
1,728 

347 

390 
1,493 
1,969 

532 

770 
2,430 
1,063 
1,142 
1,900 

406 

413 
1,659 

706 

580 
1,489 
3,132 
1,479 
1,728 
1,399 
1,773 
1,329 

658 
2,369 
1,741 
3,420 

566 
1,683 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Salisbury,  Md 

Salisbury,  Mass 

Salisbury,  Mo 

Salisbury,  Mo 

Salisbury,  N.H 

Salisbury,  N.Y , 

Salisbury,  N.C 

Salisbury,  N.C 

Salisbury,  O 

Salisbury,  Pa. 

Salisbury,  Pa 

Salisbury,  Pa 

Salisbury,  Vt 

Salkum,  Wash 

Sallacoa,  Ga 

Salladasburg,  Pa 

Sallis,  Miss 

Sallys,  S.C 

Salmon  Bay,  Alas 

Salmon  City,  Idaho 

Salmon  Creek,  Wash.., 

Salmon  Falls,  Cal 

Salmon  Falls,  Idaho.... 

Saloma,  Ky 

Salt  Creek,  111 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Iowa 

Salt  Creek,  Iowa 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Mo 

Salt  Creek,  Neb 

Salt  Creek,  0 

Salt  Creek,  O 

Salt  Creek,  0 

Salt  Creek,  0 

Salt  Creek,  0 

Salt  Fork,  Mo 

Saltillo,  Ky 

Saltillo,  Neb 

Saltillo,  Pa 

Saltillo,  Tenn 

Salt  Lake,  Ore 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah... 

Salt  Lick,  Ky 

Salt  Lick,  O 

Salt  Lick,  Pa 

Salt  Lick,  W.  Va 

Salt  Point,  Cal 

Salt  Pond,  Mo 

Salt  Biver,  Mo 

Salt  Biver,  Mo 

Salt  Biver.  Mo 

Salt  Biver,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  Biver,  Mo 

Salt  Biver,  Mo 

Salt  Biver,  Mo 

Salt  Bock,  O 

Saltsburg,  Pa 

Salt  Springs,  Qa 

Salt  Springs,  Kan 

Salt  Springs,  Mo 

Saltville,Va 

Salt  Works,  Ala 

Salt  Works,  Col 

Salt  Works.  La 

Saltzman,  Ore 

Salnbria,  Idaho 

Saluda,  Ind 

Saluda,  S.C. 

Saluda,  S.C 

Saluda,  Va 

Salvisa,  Ky 

Salyersville,  Ky 

Salyersville,  Ky 

Samaria,  Idaho 

Sammy  Swamp,  S.C 

Sampit,  S.C 

Sampsell,  Mo 

Samuel,  6a 

Samuel  Miller,  Va 

Samuel  Moor,  Ky 

Samuels  Depot,  Ky 

San  Acacia,  N.M , 

San  Andreas,  Cal 

San  Andrea-i,  Cal 

San  Angelo,Tex 

San  Antonio,  Cal 

San  Antonio,  Cat 

San  Antonio,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

borough 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post  prect 

post-boro' 

post- town 

precinct 

city 

post  vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precitct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wicomico... 

Essex 

Chariton 

Charitoi 

Merrimack,. 
Herkimer,.. 

Bowan 

Bowan 

Meigs 

Lancaster... 

Lehigh 

Somerset 

Addison 

Lewis 

Cherokee.... 
Lycoming.. 

Attala 

Aiken 


Lemhi 

Lewis 

El  Dorado.... 

Cassia. 

Taylor 

Mason 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Davis 

Tama. 

Chatauqua.... 

Lincoln 

Mitchell 

Beno 

Chariton 

Cass 

Hocking , 

Holmes 

Muskingum.. 

Pickaway 

Wayne 

Saline 

Oldham 

Lancaster 

Huntingdon.. 

Hardin 

Polk 

Salt  Lake 

Bath 

Perry 

Fayette 

Braxton , 

Sonoma 

Saline 

Adair 

Audrain 

Knox 

Pike 

Balls 

Bandolph 

Schuyler 

Shelby 

Marion , 

Indiana 

Douglas 

Greenwood 

Bandolph 

Washington... 

Clarke 

Park 

Plaquemines.. 

Crook 

Washington... 

Jefferson 

Greenville 

Lexington 

Middlesex 

Mercer 

Magoffin 

Magoffin 

Oneida. 

Clardendon.... 
Georgetown... 

Livingston 

Lincoln 

Albemarle 

Martin 

Nelson 

Socorro 

Calaveras 

Oalaveras 

Tom  Green 

lios  Angeles... 

Marin 

Monterey 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,581 

4,079 

3,809 

908 

796 

1,884 

4,086 

2,72:j 

10,992 

3,873 

3,078 

621 

775 


566 
312 
132 


492 


2,000 

978 

1,565 

1,239 

2,316 

784 

1,258 

1,222 

753 

429 

514 

478 

901 

653 

1,486 

1,494 

1,131 

1,858 

1,775 

2,526 

1,145 

866 

22 

263 

356 

20,768 


3,970 

1,371 

1,666 

876 

2,526 

1,377 

7,773 

1,421 

489 

1,681 

861 

1,111 

2,866 

651 

865 

892 

1,293 

3,218 

3,120 

1,451 


157 


1,649 
1,938 
1,475 
2,104 
1,779 
1,096 


1,029 
1,325 
1,264 

604 
6,086 

621 
1,027 


607 


1,679 
623 


2,905 

1,316 

4,310 

1,672 

655 

1,800 

6,411 

4,418 

10,218 

3,761 

4,100 

689 

740 

337 

545 

374 

156 

252 

42 

916 

280 

361 

37 

1,923 

835 

1,T33 

1,073 

2,466 

851 

1,106 

1,066 

760 

470 

370 

750 

992 

1,034 

1,424 

1,637 

1,148 

1,797 

1,735 

2,843 

950 

1,266 

254 

364 

223 

44,843 

150 

4,682 

1,339 

2,631 

952 

2,843 

1,544 

8,;i58 

1,392 

625 

1,849 

993 

1,164 

3,336 

639 

1,088 

1,173 

1,507 

2,616 

3,109 

1,717 

113 

212 

106 

733 

1,482 

1,853 

1,726 

2,647 

1,689 

1,424 

339 

574 

1,296 

1,877 

1,171 

820 

6,268 

639 

i.on 

319 
1,640 

462 
2,616 
3,269 

337 
1,117 


199 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


San  Antonio,  Fla 

San  Antonio,  N.M 

San  Antonio,  N.M 

San  Antonio,  N.M 

San  Antonio,  Tex 

San  Augustin,  N.M 

San  Augustine,  Tex 

San  Benito,  Cal 

San  Bernardino,  Oal 

San  Bernardino,  Cal 

Sanborn,  Col 

Sanborn,  Iowa 

Sanborn,  Mich 

Sanborn,  N.D 

Sanbornton,  N.H 

San  B\ieiiaventiira,Cal. 

Sand  Bank,  N.Y 

Sand  Beach,  Mich 

Sand  Beach,  Mich 

Saudcoulee,  Mont 

Sand  Creek,  Ac,  Col 

Sand  Creek,  Ind 

Sand  Creek,  Ind 

Sand  Creek,  Ind 

Sand  Creek,  Iowa 

Sand  Creek,  Kan 

Sand  Creek,  Kan 

Sand  Creek,  Minn 

Sand  Creek,  Neb 

Sand  Creek,  Neb 

Sand  Creek,  S.D 

Sand  Creek,  Wis 

San  de  Fuca,  Wash 

Sanders,  Ala 

Sanders  &  Jordan,  Ky.. 

Sanders,  Ky 

Sanders,  Minn 

Sanderson,  Fla 

Saudersville,  Ga 

Sandersville,  Ga 

Sandersville,  Ky 

Sandgate,  Vt 

Sand  Hill,  Mo 

Sand  Hill,  N.C 

Sand  Hill,  W.  Va 

Sand  Hills,  N.C 

Sandia,  N.M 

San  Diego,  Cal 

San  Diego,  Tex 

Saudie  Point,  Ala 

Sandisfleld,  Mass 

Sand  Lake,  Mich 

Sand  Lake,  N.Y 

Sand  Lick,  Va 

Sandoval,  111 

Sandown,  N.H 

Sand  Prairie,  111 

Sand  Ridge,  111 

Sand  Spring,  Ala 

Sand  Spring,  Ark 

Sand  Springs,  Ky 

Sandstone,  Mich 

Sandstone,  Minn 

Sandsiick,  Ky 

SandsTille,  Minn 

Sandtown,  Ga 

Sandusky,  111 

Sandusky,  0 

Sandusky,  0 

Sandusky,  0 

Sandusky,  0 

Sandwich,  III 

Sandwich,  Mass 

Sandwich.N.H 

Sandy,0 

Sandy,  0 

Sandy,  Ore 

Sandy,  Pa. 

Sandy,  Utah 

Sandy  Creek,  Fla 

Sandy  Creek,  Fla 

Sandy  Creek,  Ga 

Sandy  Creek,  N.Y 

Sandy  Creek,  N.Y 

Sandy  Creek,  N.C 

Sandy  Creek,  N.C 

Sandy  Creek,  N.C 

Sandy  Creek,  Pa 

Sandy  Creek,  Pa 

Sandy  Grove,  S.C 

Sandy  Hill,  N.Y 

Sandy  Hook,  Md 

Sandy  Lake,  Pa 

Sandy  Lake,  Pa 

Sandy  Mush,  N.C 

Sandy  Mush,  N.C 

200 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

postprect 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Pasco 

Bernalillo... 

Mora 

Socorro 

Bexar 

Donna  Ana. 
San  Augustine.. 
San  Benito.. 
San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 

Lincoln 

O'Brien 

Alpena 

Barnes 

Belknap 

Ventura. 

Oswego „... 

Huron 

Huron 

Cascade 

Arapahoe 

Bartholomew... 

Decatur 

Jennings 

Union 

Meade 

Norton 

Scott 

Cherry 

Holt 

Beadle 

Dunn ; 

Island 

Jackson 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Polk 

Baker 

Washington 

Washington 

Fayette 

Bennington 

Scotland 

Lenoir 

Marshall 

Moore 

Bernalillo 

San  Diego 

Duval 

Barbour 

Berkshire 

Kent 

Rensselaer 

Dickenson 

Marion 

Rockingham.... 

Tazewell 

.Tacl^son 

Limestone 

Pope 

Grayson 

Jackson 

Pine 

Pendleton 

Polk 

Campbell 

Alexander 

Crawford 

Brie 

Richland 

Sandusky 

De  Kalb 

Barnstable 

Carroll 

Stark 

Tnscarawas 

Multnomah 

Clearfield 

Salt  Lake 

Holmes 

Walton 

Clarke 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Franklin 

Vance 

Warren 

Mercer 

Venango 

Clarendon 

Washington 

Washington 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Buncombe 

Madiaon 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


20,560 


503 
672 


1,673 
*36i 


1,192 
1,370 

753 
1,515 

534 


1,501 

2,161 

967 

611 


1,168 


667 
1,259 


2,199 
1,279 
2,509 

681 
1,065 

693 
1,197 

837 


2,637 
1,572 


1,107 

581 

2,550 


564 

500 

1,020 


1,077 
1,572 


1,536 


1,091 

439 

658 

15,838 

723 

1,785 

2,352 

3,543 

1,701 

1,265 

1,864 

320 

3,840 

488 


299 
690 

2,878 
951 

2,054 


3,489 

745 

804 

402 

2,487 

1,585 

1,097 

730 

1,175 

614 


535 

730 

530 

460 

37,673 

92 

744 

1,129 

4,012 

4,01  ii 

29 

1,075 

204 

227 

1,027 

2,320 

551 

2,288 

1,046 

873 

2,182 

1,324 

2,499 

1,039 

621 

217 

316 

1,045 

572 

406 

139 

620 

249 

287 

1,269 

277 

383 

952 

2,724 

1,760 

2,941 

587 

1,286 

711 

1,272 

1,526 

140 

16,159 

1,877 

892 

•  807 

386 

2,555 

1,140 

834 

475 

1,036 

758 

1,2.37 

217 

1,069 

1,511 

517 

1,414 

127 

904 

747 

615 

18,471 

613 

1,829 

2,516 

1,819 

1,303 

1,171 

2,144 

687 

2,152 

1,066 

329 

321 

1,000 

2,279 

723 

2,051 

1,799 

1,414 

674 

779 

518 

2,895 

1,602 

1,118 

721 

1,259 

788 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sandy  Ridge,  Ala 

Sandy  Ridge,  Ga 

Sandy  Ridge,  N.C... 
Sandy  River,  W.  Va. 

Sandy  Bun,  N.C 

Sandy  Run,  Pa 

Sandy  Run,  S.C 

Sandyston,  N  J 

Sandy  wood.  Mo 

Sanel,  Cal 

San  Elizario,  Tex 

San  Fernando,  Cal... 

San  Felipe,  N.M 

San  Felipe,  Tex 

Sanford,  Col 

Sanford,  Fla 

Sanford,  Ga 

Sanford,  Me 

Sanford,  Minn 

Sanford,  N.Y 

Sanford,  N.C 

Sanford,  N.C 

San  Francisco,  Cal... 
San  Francisco,  Minn.... 
San  Francisco,  N.M. 

San  Gabriel,  Cal 

San  Gabriel,  Cal 

Sangamon,  III 

Sanger,  Cal 

Sanger,  Ore 

Sangerfleld,  N.Y 

San  Geronimo,  N.M. 

Sangerville,  Me 

Sang  Run,  Md 

San  Ignacio,  N.M.... 

Sanilac,  Mich 

Sanilac  Centre,  Mich... 
San  Ildefonso,  N.M. 
San  Ildefonso,  N.M. 

San  Jacinto,  Cal , 

San  Jacinto,  Cal 

San  Joaquin,  Cal...., 

San  Jos§,  Cal 

San  Jose,  Cal 

San  Jose,  Cal 

San  Jo86,  Cal 

San  Jos6,  III 

San  Jose,  N.M 

San  Jos6,  N.M 

San  Jos6,  N.M , 

San  Jos6,  N.M 

San  Juan,  Cal 

San  Juan,  Cal 

San  Juan,  Cal 

San  Juan,  N.M 

San  Juan,  N.M , 

San  Juan  Island,  Wash. 

San  Lorenzo,  Cal 

San  Lorenzo,  N.M 

San  Lorenzo,  N.M 

San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal.... 
San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal.... 

San  Luis  Bey,  Cal 

San  Marcos,  Cal 

San  Marcos,  Tex 

San  Mateo,  N.M 

San  Miguel,  Cal 

San  Miguel,  Cal 

San  Miguel,  Col 

San  Miguel,  Col 

San  Miguel,  N.M 

San  Miguel,  N.M 

Sannak,  Alaska 

Sanner,  S.D 

Sannes,  Minn 

San  Pablo,  Cal 

San  Pasqunl,  Cal 

San  Patricio,  La 

San  Patricio,  N.M 

San  Patricio,  Tex..- 

San  Pedro,  Cal 

San  Pedro,  N.M 

San  Pedro,  N.M 

San  Pedro,  Ac,  N.M 

San  Rafael,  Cal 

San  Rafael,  Cal 

San  Rafael,  Col 

San  Bafael,  N.M 

San  Saba,  Tex 

San  Salvador,  Cal 

San  Simeon,  Cal 

Santa  Ana,  Cal 

Santa  Ana,  Cal 

Santa  Ana,  N.M 

Santa  Anna,  111 

Santa  Anna,  lex 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

poat-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

district 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post- ward 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-town 


County. 


Lowndes 

Henry 

Union 

McDowell 

Cleveland 

Luzerne 

Lexington 

Sussex 

Scott 

Mendocino 

El  Paso 

Los  Angeles.... 

Bernalillo 

Austin 

Conejo8„ 

Orange 

Dawson 

York 

Grant 

Broome. 

Moore 

Moore 

San  Francisco. 

Carver 

Socorro 

Los  Angeles.... 
Los  Angeles.... 

Piatt 

Fresno 

Union 

Oneida 

San  Miguel 

Piscataquis 

Garrett 

Bernalillo 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Santa  Fe 

Santa  F6 

San  Diego 

San  Diego 

Sacramento 

Los  Angeles.... 
San  Luis  Obispo 
Santa  Clara. 
Santa  Clara. 

Mason 

Mora 

San  Miguel.. 

Sierra 

Valencia..... 
San  Benito.. 
San  Benito.. 

Orange 

Grant 

Rio  Arriba .. 

San  Juan 

Santa  Cruz.. 

Grant 

San  Miguel., 
San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Diego.... 
San  Diego.... 

Hays 

Valencia...., 
San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Luis  Obispo 
Las  Animas. 
San  Miguel.. 
Donna  Ana . 
San  Miguel.. 


Potter 

Yellow  Med 

Contra  Costa.... 

San  Diego 

Sabine 

Lincoln 

San  Patricio 

Los  Angeles 

Bernalillo 

Santa  Fe 

Socorro 

Marin 

Marin 

Conejos 

Valencia 

San  Saba 

San  Bernardino 
San  Luis  Obispo 

Orange 

Orange 

Bernalillo 

De  Witt 

Coleman 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,330 
738 
2,519 
1,040 
1,512 


1,301 

1,195 

879 

746 

910 

1,305 


156 


523 
2,734 


236 
223,959 
736 


1,517 


1,568 


3,171 


1,047 
794 


2,457 


1,236 

1,170 

872 

18,103 

12,567 

285 


906 
484 


3,754 
2,243 


1,232 


1,091 
""2J« 


6,202 
2,276 


598 


1,860 

3,024 

711 


2,317 

1,098 

2,500 

1,834 

2,063 

596 

1,610 

1,084 

1,112 

?850 

1,397 

1,110 

554 

177 

803 

2,016 

519 

4,201 

384 

3,266 

1,365 

367 

298,997 

667 

105 

1,713 

737 

1,606 

428 

93 

3,017 

749 

1,236 

871 

223 

1,889 

403 

394 

148 

1,192 

661 

1,383 

5,010 

810 

26,508 

18,060 

307 

305 

483 

250 

192 

1,112 

463 

801 

432 

406 

992 

2,697 

334 

300 

3,359 

2,996 

434 

369 

2335 

363 

1,663 

458 

207 

143 

294 

476 

132 

61 

801 

367 

327 

936 

383 

316 

1,240 

113 

796 

168 

7,008 

3,290 

791 

449 

679 

228 

931 

4,220 

3,628 

253 

2,181 

468 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Santa  Barbara,  Cal 

Santa  Clara,  Cal 

Santa  Clai'a,  Cal 

Santa  Clara,  Col 

Santa  Clara,  N.M 

Santa  Clara,  N.Y 

Santa  Clara,  Utah 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal 

Santa  Cruz,  N.M 

Santa  Fe,  Ga 

Santa  Fe,  111 

Santa  F6,  III 

Santa  F6,  Kan 

Santa  Fe,  N.M 

Santa  F&,  Tenn 

Santa  Maria,  Cal 

Santa  Monica,  Cal 

Santa  Monica,  Cal 

Santa  Paula,  Cal 

Sautaquin,  Utah 

Santa  Rita,  N.M 

Santa  Rita,  N.M 

Santa  Rosa,  Cal 

Santa  Rosa,  Cal 

Santa  Rosa,  N.M 

Santa  Ynez,  Cal 

Santee,  S.C 

Santee,  S.C 

Santee  Agency,  Neb... 

Santiago,  Minn 

Saiitiam,  Ore 

San  Timoteo,  Cal 

Santo  Domingo,  N.M.., 

Siintuck,  Ala 

Santuck,  S.C 

Sapello,  N.M 

Sapinero,  Col 

Sapliony,  Va 

Sappa,  Neb 

SaralisTille,  0 

Sarauac,  Mich 

Saranac,  N.Y 

Saianac  Lake,  N.Y 

Sarasota,  Fla 

Saratoga,  Ark 

Saratoga,  Ark 

Saratoga,  Cal 

Saratoga,  III 

Saratoga,  III 

Saratoga,  Iowa 

Saratoga,  Kan 

Saratoga,  Minn 

Saratoga,  Neb 

Saratoga,  N.Y 

Saratoga,  N.C 

Saratoga,  N.C 

Saratoga,  N.D 

Saratoga,  Wis 

Saratoga,  Wyo 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y. 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y, 

Sarcoxie,  Kan 

Sarco.xie,  Mo 

Sarcoxie,  Mo 

Sardinia,  N.Y 

Sardis,  Ky 

Sardis,  Ky 

Sardis,  Miss 

Sardis,  W.  Va 

Sargeant,  Minn 

Sargent,  111 

Sargent,  Neb 

Sargent,  N.D 

Sargent,  Pa 

Sargents,  Col 

Saruia,  N.D... 

Saro,  S.D 

Sarcain,  Ky 

Sartain,  Ky 

Sartoria,  Neb 

Sassafras,  Md 

Sassafras  Fork,  N.C 

Sassafras  Ridge,  Ky.... 

Saticoy,  Cal 

Saticoy,  Cal 

Satilla,  Ga 

Satilla,  Ga 

Satterland,  N.D 

Saugatuck,  Mich 

Saugatuck,  Mich 

Saugerties,  N.Y 

Saugerties,  N.Y 

SaugUB,  Mass 

Sauk  Centre,  Minn 

Sauk  Centre,  Minn 

14 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

post-Till 

post-prect 

village 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-prect 

inil.-dist 

po8t-i)rect 

township 

poBt-vill 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poat-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 


Connty. 


Santa  Barbara, 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Clara 

Huerfano........ 

Santa  F6 

Franklin 

Washington.... 

Santa  Cruz 

Santa  Cruz 

Santa  Fg 

Jackson 

Alexander 

Clinton 

Haskell 

Santa  F6 

Maury 

San  Diego 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles.... 

Ventura 

Utah 

Grant 

Socorro 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Guadaloupe 

Santa  Barbara. 

Clarendon 

Georgetown.... 

Knox 

Sherburne. 

Linn 

San  Bernardino 
Bernalillo..., 

Elmore 

Union , 

San  Miguel.. 

Gunnison 

Dinwiddle..., 

Harlan , 

Noble 

Ionia 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Manatu 

Howard , 

Howard 

Santa  Clara  , 

Grundy 

Marshall 

Howard 

Pratt 

Winona 

Holt 

Saratoga 

Wilson 

Wilson 

La  Moure 

Wood 

Carbon 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Jefferson 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Erie 

Mason 

Mason 

Panola 

Harrison 

Mower 

Douglas 

Custer 

Sargent 

McKean 

Saguache 

Nelson 

Brown 

Barren 

Metcalfe 

Buffalo 

Kent 

Granville 

Fulton 

Ventura 

Ventura 

Camden 

Charlton 

McLean 

Allegan 

.\.IIegan 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Essex 

Stearns 

Stearns 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


3,460 
4,785 
2,416 


194 
3,898 


710 
315 
526 


6,635 
166 


417 

188 
715 


5,761 
3,616 


1,751 
2,732 


243 

587 


701 
2,576 


2,465 
295 
249 
877 

4,652 
191 


1,133 

1,020 

567 


907 


4,539 

1,434 

81 


316 


10,820 
8,421 

716 
1,546 

341 
1,767 
1,074 

224 

986 
1,930 

524 
1,162 


922 


1,219 
l.i  " 


200 
1,983 

392 
1,680 


1,116 


2,220 
794 
10,375 
3,923 
2,626 
398 
1,201 


5,864 

6,577 

2,891 

329 

225 

1,690 

202 

736 

5,596 

540 

764 

279 

494 

166 

6,186 

269 

394 

2,327 

1,580 

1,047 

769 

133 

300 

8,620 

5,220 

217 

211 

2,097 

2,737 

534 

446 

911 

330 

671 

845 

2,743 

404 

53 

2,285 

417 

306 

790 

3,496 

768 

392 

1,032 

211 

1,330 

971 

779 

478 

234 

724 

456 

3,856 

1,483 

102 

42 

326 

274 

13,171 

11,975 

617 

2,532 

1,172 

1,728 

1,045 

255 

1,044 

2,323 

473 

1,319 

1,365 

224 

948 

166 

119 

399 

1,286 

1,7,59 

421 

210 

1,776 

468 

3,371 

218 

911 

650 

80 

2,2;$3 

799 

10,436 

4,2:17 

3,673 

617 

1,695 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sauk  City,  Wis , 

Sauk  Rapids,  Minn 

Sauk  Rapids,  Minn  — 

Saukville,  Wis 

Sauisbury,  Tenn 

Saulston,  N.C 

Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.. 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich. 

Saunder,  Ga 

Saunders,  Ky 

Saunemin,  III 

Saunemin,  111 

Sauquoit,  N.Y 

Sauratown,  N.C 

Sausalito,  Cal 

Sausalito,  Cal 

Saussy,  Ga 

Sauvies  Island,  Ore 

Savage,  Md 

Savanna,  III 

Savanna,  111 

Savannah,  Ga 

Savannah,  Ga , 

Savannah,  Mo 

Savannah,  Neb 

Savannah,  N.Y 

Savannah,  N.Y 

Savannah,  N.C 

Savannah,  0 

Savannah,  S.C 

Savannah,  Tenn 

Saverton,  Mo 

Saville,  Ala 

Saville,  Pa 

Savona,  N.Y 

Savoy,  Mass 

Savoy,  Tex 

Sawdust,  Ga 

Saw  Log,  Kan 

Saw  Tooth,  Idaho 

Sawyer,  Neb 

Sawyer,  Neb 

Saxeville,  Wis 

Saxon,  Ala 

Saxonburg,  Pa 

Saxton,  Pa. 

Saybrook,  Conn 

Saybrook,  111 

Saybrook,  O 

Saylor,  Iowa 

Sayreville,  N.J 

Scaffold  Cane,  Ky 

Scagg's  Creek,  Ky 

Scales  Mound,  111 

Scambler,  Minn 

Scammonville,  Kan 

Scandia,  Kan 

Scandia,  Kan 

Scandinavia,  Neb 

Scandinavia,  S  D 

Scandinavia,  Wis. 

Scappoose,  Ore 

Scarborough,  Me 

Scarsdale,  N.Y 

Scate's  Mill,  Ky , 

Schaghticoke,  N.Y 

Schaghticoke,  N.Y 

Schaller,  Iowa 

Schaumberg,  111 

Schell  City,  Mo 

Schellsburg,  Pa 

Schenectady.  N.Y 

Schenevus,  N.Y 

Schlagle,  Neb 

Schleisingerville,  Wis.., 

Schleswig,  Wis 

Schneider,  Neb 

Schocboh,  Ky 

Schodack,  N.Y 

Schoharie,  N.Y 

Schoharie,  N.Y 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schoolcraft,  Neb 

School  Creek,  Neb 

Schroeppel,  N.Y 

Schroon,  N.Y 

Schulenbnrg,  Tex 

Schnltz,  S.C 

Schuyler,  Col 

Schuyler,  Neb 

Schuyler,  Neb  

Schuyler,  N.Y 

Schuyler's  Falls,  N.Y... 
Scbuylersville,  N.Y 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-to  wu 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-Till 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag  -dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill  ■ 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

prednct 

city 

township 

post-town 

port-Till 


Cbuuty. 


Sauk 

Benton , 

Benton , 

Ozaukee , 

Hardeman.... 

Wayne 

Chippewa...., 

Chippewa 

Jones 

Barren 

Livingston..., 
Livingston..., 

Oneida , 

Stokes 

Marin , 

Marin 

Clinch 

Multnomah^. 

Howard 

Carroll 

Carroll„ 

Chatham , 

Dawson. , 

Andrew , 

Butler 

Wayne , 

Wayne , 

Jackson , 

Ashland 

Anderson 

Hardin , 

Ralls 

Crenshaw 

Perry 

Steuben 

Berkshire 

Fannin 

Tatnall 

Hodgeman... 

Altnras 

Loup 

Perkins 

Waushara 

Randolph 

Butler 

Bedford 

Middlesex 

McLean , 

Ashtabula 

Polk 

Middlesex.... 
Rock  Castle.. 
Rock  Castle.. 
Jo  Daviess..., 

Otter  Tail 

Cherokee 

Republic 

Republic 

Harlan , 

Deuel 

Waupaca 

Columbia 

Cumberland.. 
Westchester., 

Christian 

Rensselaer.... 
Rensselaer.... 

Sac 

Cook 

Vernon 

Bedford 

Schnectady... 

Otsego 

Cherry 

Washington.. 
Manit«)Woc.... 

Buffalo 

Logan 

Rensselaer..., 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Houghton 

Kalamazoo.... 
Kalamazoo.... 

Madison 

Clay 

Oswego 

Essex 

Fayette 

Aiken 

Arrspaboe.... 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Herkimer , 

Clinton 

Saratoga 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


917 
698 

698 
1,941 

96 
1,511 
2,286 
1,947 
614 
1,665 
1,268 


1,816 

1,372 

476 


152 

164 

1,275 

1,000 

30,709 

412 

1,206 

401 

1,867 

418 

694 

342 

1,604 

1,006 

1,488 

959 

1,743 

447 

715 

348 


719 
9:18 
319 
369 

1,362 
734 

1,384 
878 

1,930 


1,139 
673 


168 
1,847 

614 
1,803 
3,691 


964 

676 

369 

13,666 


358 
2,069 


1, 
4,319 
3,350 
1,188 
2,646 
2,384 
961 


803 
3,381 
1,731 

719 
2,442 


1,377 
1,017 
1,462 
1,640 
1,617 

201 


876 

216 

1,185 

1,647 

77 

1,149 

669 

6,760 

699 

1,350 

1,466 

366 

504 

1,994 

2,403 

1,334 

771 

127 

667 

3,445 

3,097 

43,189 

364 

1,288 

933 

1,788 

505 

889 

326 

1,828 

1,087 

1,422 

1,080 

1,542 

669 

569 

344 

1,115 

133 

33 

278 

210 

766 

1,147 

258 

712 

1,484 

851 

1,513 

518 

3,509 

1,455 

1,479 

686 

446 

748 

1,394 

653 

318 

660 

1,142 

364 

1,794 

633 

1,307 

3,059 

1,268 

3.33 

948 

847 

281 

19,902 

665 

250 

432 

2,063 

603 

1,368 

4,388 

2,944 

1,028 

3,326 

2,124 

836 

486 

841 

3,026 

1,474 

•816 

2,295 

266 

2,624 

2,160 

1,269 

1,466 

1,38T 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Schuylkill,  Pa 

Schuylkill,  Pa 

Schuylkill  Haven,  Pa... 

Scienceville,  Ga 

Scio,  Mich 

Scio,  N.Y 

Sclo,  0 

Scio,  Ore 

Scio,  Ore 

Sciota,  111 

Sciota,  111 

Sciota,  Mich 

Sciota,  Minn 

Scioto,  O 

Scioto,  0 

Scioto,  O 

Scioto,  0 

Scipio,  Ind 

Scipio,  Ind 

Scipio,  Mich 

Scipio,  N.Y 

Scipio,  0 

Scipio,  0 

Scipio,  Utah 

Scituate,  Mass 

Scituate,  R.I 

Scivally,  Tenn 

Scofield,  Utah 

Scooba,  Miss 

Scotch  Grove,  Iowa 

Scotch  Irish,  N.C 

Scotia,  Cal 

Scotia,  Neb 

Scotia,  Neb 

Scotland,  Conn..., 

Scotland,  Ga 

Scotland,  Ga 

Scotland,  III 

Scotland,  S.D 

Scotland,  S.D 

Scotland  Neck,  N.C 

Scotland  Neck,  N.C 

Scott,  Ala. 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  111 

Scott,  IlL 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa ■. 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa. 

Scott,  Iowa „., 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Kan „ 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Ky 

Scott,  Minn 

Scott,  Mo 

Scott,  Neb 

Scott,  Neb 

Scott,  Neb. 

Scott,  N.Y 

Scott,  0 

Scott,  0 

Scott,  0 

Scott.  0 

Scott,  0 

Scott,  0 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Va 

Scott,  W.  Va 

Scott,  W.  Va 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wig 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wis 

Scottdale,Pa 

202 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-beat 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


township 

township 

village 

township 

post-vir 

townsh 

townsh., 

post-twp 

township 

township 


vill 
lip 
lip 


mag. 
mag. 
mag. 


-dist 
-dist 
'dist 


township 


townsh 
townsh 


•  v..  «.-... J. 

township 
post-twp 
post-boro' 


County. 


Chester 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Stewart 

Washtenaw 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Linn 

Linn 

McDonough 

McDonough 

Shiawassee 

Dakota 

Delaware 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Ross 

Allen 

La  Porte 

Hillsdale 

Cayuga 

Meig8„ 

Seneca 

Millard. 

Plymouth 

Providence 

Moore 

Emery 

Kemper. 

Jones 

Rowan 

Humboldt 

Greeley 

Greeley 

Windham 

Telfair 

Telfair. 

McDonough 

Bon  Homme 

Day..- 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Perry 

Mississippi 

Poinsett 

Sharp 

Champaign 

Ogle 

Harrison 

Kosciusko 

Montgomery.... 

Vanderburg 

Buena  Vista 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Johnson 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Montgomery.... 

Poweshiek 

Bourbon 

Lincoln 

Linn ,... 

Scott 

Scott 

Kenton 

Stevens 

Taney 

Buffalo „. 

Holt 

Sherman 

Cortland 

Adams 

Brown 

Marion 

Paulding 

Sandusky 

Van  Wert 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Lackawanna..., 

Lawrence 

Wayne 

Fauquier 

Boone 

Putnam 

Brown 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Lincoln 

Sheboygan 

Westmoreland. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,416 

621 
3,052 

943 
2,291 
1,555 

509 
1,144 

193 
1,501 

349 
1,565 

276 
1,667 
2,310 

921 
12,689 

514 

745 
1,012 
2,093 
1,720 
1,836 

574 
2,466 
3,810 

639 


4,362 

778 
1,605 


618 
"596 


1,247 
160 


2,835 

482 

2,750 

1,117 

872 

872 

1,031 

1,002 

1,034 

786 

1,289 

1,676 

239 

521 

570 

63 

1,677 

734 

1,314 

897 

1,103 

1,049 

1,139 

821 

2,316 

412 

1,427 


2,187 
202 
742 


980 
1,192 
1,224 

553 


1,452 


1,532 
1,347 
1,263 

985 
1,097 
5,149 
1,177 
2,375 
1,352 

830 
1,046 


1,584 
1,276 


1,264 

630 

3,088 

1,243 

1,946 

1,391 

616 

1,101 

253 

1,031 

238 

1,448 

239 

1,655 

2,268 

1,078 

12,946 

505 

767 

960 

1,836 

1,491 

1,682 

567 

2,318 

3,174 

399 

680 

4,663 

706 

1,611 

464 

809 

418 

506 

762 

268 

874 

1,083 

192 

3,065 

778 

2,746 

2,144 

1,375 

993 

978 

983 

976 

1,027 

1,220 

1,664 

534 

614 

626 

616 

1,528 

1,002 

1,389 

744 

974 

978 

1,386 

697 

2,566 

488 

1,216 

325 

229 

2,383 

289 

381 

361 

312 

486 

987 

1,182 

1,096 

575 

733 

1,416 

733 

2,651 

1,373 

1,213 

907 

1,147 

4,988 

1,403 

2,295 

1,288 

824 

1,079 

570 

1,473 

2,693 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Scott  Haven,  Pa 

ScoltHill,  Pa 

Scott  Land,  111 

Scott  River,  Cal 

Scottsborough,  Ala 

Scottsborough,  Ala 

Scottsborough,  Ga 

Scottsburg,  Ind 

Scottsburg,  Ore 

Scottsburg,  Va 

Scott's  Creek,  N.C 

Scottsville,  Ala 

Scottsville,  Ky 

Scottsville,  Ky 

Scottsville,  Va 

Scottsville,  Va 

Scott  Valley,  Cal 

Scottville,  111 

Scottville,  111 

Scottville,  Mich 

Scoville,  Neb 

Scranton,  Iowa 

Scranton,  Kan 

Scranton,  Kan 

Scranton,  Miss 

Scranton,  Pa 

Scranton  City,  Iowa 

Scriba,  N.Y 

Scribner,  Neb 

Scroggin,  Ala 

Scruhgrass,  Pa 

ScnfBetown,  S.C 

Scull  Shoals,  Ga 

Scuppernong,  N.C 

Scuppernong,  N.C 

Seabeck,  Wash 

Seaboard,  N.C 

Seaboard,  NC 

Seaboard,  Va 

Seabrook,  N.H 

Sea  Foam,  Idaho 

Seaford,  Del 

Seaford,  Del 

Seaford,  N.Y 

Sea  Horse  Island,  Alas. 

Sea  Islands,  Ga 

Sea  Islands,  Ga. 

Sea  Isle  City,  N  J 

Seal,  O 

Seale,  Ala 

Seale,  Ala 

Sealy,  Tex 

Sear  Cross  Roads,  Ala... 

Searcy,  Ark 

Searcy,  Ark 

Searcy,  Ark 

Sears,  Cal 

Searsborough,  Iowa 

Searsburg,  Vt 

Searsmont,  Me 

Searsport,  Me 

Seaside,  Ore 

Seatonville,  111 

Seats,  Ga 

Seattle,  Wash 

Sebago,  Me 

Sebec,  Me 

Sebewa,  Mich 

Sebewaing,  Mich 

Sebewaing,  Mich 

Seboyeta,  N.M 

Sebree,  Ky 

Second,  Ga 

Second  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Secor,  111 

Sedalia,  Col 

Sedalia,  Mo 

Sedalia,  Mo 

Sedan,  Ala 

Sedan,  Kan 

Sedan,  Kan 

Seddon,  Ala 

Seddon,  Va 

Sedgwick,  Kan 

Sedgwick,  Kan 

Sedgwick,  Me 

Seek,  Pa 

Seekonk,  Mass 

Seely,  Iowa 

Seely,  Minn 

Sefton.Ill 

Seguin,  Tex 

Seibert,  Col 

Sekitan,  O 

Selby,  111 

Selbysport,  Md 


Sank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

poet-town 

precinct 

hundred 

post-vill 

post-vill 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post  town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

I)ost-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

iwst-vill 

township 

district 


County. 


Westmoreland.. 
Northumberl'd 

Edgar 

Siskiyou 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Baldwin 

Scott 

Douglas 

Halifax 

Jackson 

Bibb 

Allen 

Allen 

Albemarle 

Albemarle 

Siskiyou 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Mason 

Hamilton 

Greene 


Osage 

Jackson 

Lackawanna... 

Greene 

Oswego 

Dodge 

Barbour 

Venango 

Laurens 

Oconee 

Tyrrell 

Washington.... 

Kitsap 

Northampton.. 
Northampton- 
Princess  Anne. 
Rockingham... 

Custer 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Queens 


Glynn , 

Mcintosh 

Cape  May 

Pike 

Russell 

Russell 

Austin , 

Lee 

Cross 

Phillips 

White 

Sierra , 

Poweshiek.... 
Bennington., 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Clatsop , 

Bureau 

Morgan........ 

King 

Cumberland., 
Piscataquis... 

Ionia 

Huron 

Huron 

Valencia 

Webster 

Coweta 

Monroe 

Woodford 

Douglas 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Wilcox 

Chautauqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 
Saint  Clair,... 

Bland 

Harvey. i... 

Harvey 

Hancock 

Schuylkill. ... 

Bristol 

Guthrie 

Faribault 

Fayette 

Guadalupe,... 
Kit  Carson... 

Hamilton 

Bureau 

Garrett 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


837 
127 
625 


722 
2,189 

454 

199 
87 

621 
1,391 
3,218 

395 
7,290 

465 
1,578 
1,623 

284 


461 
1,007 


836 

1,052 

46,860 


2,971 

193 

895 

1,503 

2,060 

661 

1,017 

2,253 


2,595 

167 

3,681 

1,745 


3,160 
1,542 


664 


1,411 

3,620 

257 

24 

998 

1,064 

1,782 

840 

685 

225 

232 

1,330 

2,322 

81 


937 
3,533 

808 

876 
1,660 
1,489 

553 


360 
2,616 
1,464 

456 


10,845 

9,561 

1,468 

1,476 

665 


1,058 
939 
415 

1,128 


1,227 

438 

441 

1,366 

1,363 


1,684 
1,250 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


SelbyviUe,  Del 

Seldovia,  Alaska 

Self  Creek,  Ark 

Selfville,  Ala 

Seligtnan,  Mo 

Selin's  Grove,  Pa 

Sellar,  Col 

Selle,  N.D 

Sellersburg,  Ind 

Selleraville,  Pa 

Sellwood,  Ore 

Seltna,  Ala 

Selma,  Cal 

Selma,  Mich 

Selma,  Minn 

Selma,  N.C 

Selma,  N.C- 

SemeuoTsky,  Alaska.... 

Semiahmoo,  Wash 

Seminary,  111 

Seminola,  Ga 

Semper,  Col 

Semproniua,  N.Y 

Seuachwiue,  111 

Senati,  Alaska 

Senatobia,  Miss 

Seneca,  Cal 

Seneca,  Fla 

Seneca,  111 

Seneca,  Iowa 

Seneca,  Kan 

Seneca,  Mich 

Seneca,  Mo 

Seneca,  Mo 

Seneca,  Neb 

Seneca,  N.Y 

Seneca,  O 

Seneca,  O 

Seneca,  0 

Seneca,  8.0 

Seneca,  Va 

Seneca,  Wis 

Seneca,  Wis 

Seneca,  Wis - 

Seneca,  Wis 

Seneca  Falls,  N.Y 

Seneca  Falls,  N.Y 

Senecaville,  0 

Seney,  Mich 

Sennett,  N.Y 

Senoia,  Ga 

Sequan,  Ac,  Cal 

Serena,  111 

Serena,  111 

Sergeant  Bluff,  Iowa.... 

Settendown,  Ga 

Settler,  Iowa 

Sevastopol,  Wis 

Seven  Creeks,  Neb 

Seven  Devils,  Idaho 

Seven  Hickory,  111 

Seven  Mile,  0 

Seven  Mile  Creek,  Wis. 

Seven  Oaks,  Cal 

Seven  Rivers,  N.M 

Seventh,  Ga 

Seventh,  Ga 

Seventy-First,  N.C 

Seventy-Six,  Iowa 

Seventy-Six,  Iowa 

Seventy-Six,  Kan 

Severance,  Kan 

Severance,  Minn 

Severe,  Ala 

Severy,  Kan 

Sevierville,  Tenn 

Sevierville,  Tenn 

Seville,  Ga 

Seville,  Mich 

Seville,© 

Seward,  111 

Seward,  111 

Seward,  Ind 

Seward,  Kan 

Seward,  Kan 

Seward,  Minn 

Seward,  Neb 

Seward,  N.Y 

Sewell  Mountain, W.Va 

Sewickley,  Pa. 

Sewickley,  Pa 

Sewickley,  Pa 

Sexton's  Ch-eek,  Ky. 

Seymour,  Conn 

Seymour,  Ind 

Seymour,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat-towni 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

poet- town 


County. 


Sussex.. 


Pike 

Blount 

Barry 

Snyder 

Pitkin 

Emmons 

Clark... 

Bucks 

Multnomah.. 

Dallas 

Fresno 

Wexford 

Cottonwood.. 

Johnston 

Johnston 


Whatcom.., 

Fayette 

Chattooga.. 
Jefferson..., 

Cayuga 

Putnam 


Tate 

Plumas 

Lake 

McHenry 

Kossuth 

Nemaha 

Lenawee 

Newton 

Newton 

Thomas 

Ontario 

Monroe 

Noble 

Seneca 

Oconee 

Campbell 

Crawford 

Green  Lake 

Shawano 

Wood 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Guernsey 

Schoolcraft 

Cayuga 

Coweta 

San  Diego 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Woodbury 

Forsyth 

Sioux 

Door 

Cherry 

Washington 

Coles 

Butler 

Juneau 

San  Bernardino 

Eddy 

Coweta 

Gordon 

Cumberland 

Muscatine 

Washington 

Sumner 

Doniphan 

Sibley 

Perry 

Greenwood 

Sevier 

Sevier 

Wilcox 

Gratiot 

Medina 

Kendall 

Winnebago 

Kosciusko 

Seward 

Stafford 

Nobles 

Seward 

Schoharie 

Fayette 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Westmoreland.. 

Clay 

New  Haven 

Jackson 

Wayne 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


149 


1,431 


169 
490 


7,529 


233 

292 

1,821 

256 


1,306 

788 


1,138 
831 


9.35 
539 


1,025 


1,203 

2,693 

965 

380 


2,877 

1,302 

1,004 

1,519 

3,613 

3,509 

1,446 

445 

346 

567 

6,853 

5,880 

402 


1,644 
731 


1,077 
108 
167 


187 
865 


1,411 
251 
785 


1,136 
970 

3,236 
823 
873 
419 
376 
331 

1,006 
306 

1,401 
263 


1,216 
689 
1,012 
1,111 
1,421 


399 

226 
1,525 
1,734 
2,822 

392 
2,063 
3,457 
1,264 
2,318 
4,250 

601 


254 

99 

361 

537 

242 

1,316 

36 

47 

508 

794 

953 

7,622 

1,150 

242 

310 

2,322 

527 

3 

190 

1,100 

1,006 

228 

981 

717 

40 

1,077 

394 

120 

1,046 

444 

2,032 

2,679 

1,667 

1,101 

89 

2,690 

1,329 

1,014 

1,390 

4,493 

3,181 

1,440 

585 

350 

875 

6,961 

6,116 

461 

774 

1,498 

863 

1,173 

919 

76 

425 

1,009 

571 

1,313 

60 

157 

1,466 

288 

697 

22 

453 

1,024 

1,146 

3,648 

658 

730 

602 

.S77 

650 

1,091 

389 

1,955 

283 

291 

1,322 

599 

830 

960 

1,586 

148 

556 

324 

2,108 

1,626 

3,100 

359 

2,776 

3,997 

1,590 

3,300 

5,337 

1,068 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Seymour,  Mo 

Seymour,  Tex 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour  Channel, Alas. 

Shabbona,  111 

Shabbona,  111 

Shacktolit,  Alaska 

Shade,  Pa 

Shade  Gap,  Pa 

Shady  Dale,  Ga 

Shady  Dale,  Ga 

Shady  Grove,  Ala 

Shady  Grove,  Ala 

Shady  Grove,  Ga 

Shady  Grove,  Ky 

Shady  Grove,  N.C 

Shady  Spring,  W.  Va... 

Shafer,  Minn 

Shaftsbury,  Vt 

Shake,  Ore 

Shake  Bag,  Ga 

Shakespeare,  N.M 

Shakopee,  Minn 

Shaler,  Pa , 

Shalersville,  0 

Shallotte,  N.C 

Shallow  Ford,  Ga 

Shamokin,Pa 

Shamokin,  Pa 

Shamong,  N.J 

Shamrock,  Mo 

Shandaken,  N.Y 

Shane  Crossing,  0 

Shannon,  111 

Shannon,  111 

Shannon,  Kan , 

Shannon,  Kan 

Shannon,  Miss 

Shaokatan,  Minn 

Shapleigh,  Me 

Sharon,  Conn 

Sharon,  Ga 

Sharon,  111 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Kan 

Sharon,  Ky 

Sharon,  Mass 

Sharon,  Mich 

Sharon,  Minn 

Sharon,  Miss 

Sharon,  Neb 

Sharon,  N.H 

Sharon,  N.Y 

Sharon,  N.C. 

Sharon,  O , 

Sharon,  O 

Sharon,  0 , 

Sharon,  0 

Sharon,  Pa 

Sharon,  Pa , 

Sharon,  Vt , 

Sharon,  Va , 

Sharon,  Wis , 

Sharon,  Wis 

Sharon,  Wis 

Sharon  Springs,  Kan..., 
Sharon  Springs,  Kan..., 
Sharon  Springs,  N.Y..., 
Sharon  Station,  Tenn.., 

Sharonville,  0 

Sharp,Ky 

Sharp,  Neb , 

Sharpe,  N.C 

Sharp  Ranch,  Neb 

Sharpsburg,  Ga 

Sharpsburg,  Ky , 

Sharpsburg,  Ky 

Sharpsburg,  Md , 

Sharpsburg,  Md 

Sharpsburg,  N.C 

Sharpsburg,  Pa 

Sharpsburg,  Tex 

Sharpsville,  Ind 

Sharpsvllle,  Pa , 

Sharp  Top,  Ga 

Sharptown,  Md 

Sharptown,  Md , 

Shasta,  Cal 

Shaw,  Ark 

Shaw,  Misa _ 


Bank  or 
place. 


post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-beat 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

po«t-twp 

post-town 


Conntjr. 


Webster. 

Baylor 

Eait  Claire- 
Lafayette.... 
Outagamie.. 
Outagamie . 


De  Kalb. 
De  Kalb. 


Somerset 

Huntingdon .... 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Morgan 

Walker 

Twiggs 

Crittenden 

Davie 

Raleigh 

Chisago 

Bennington 

Jackson 

Henry 

Grant 

Scott 

Alleghany 

Portage 

Brunswick 

De  Kalb 

Northumberl'd 
Northumberl'd 

Burlington 

Callaway 

Olster 

Mercer 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Atchison 

Pottawatomie... 

Lee 

Lincoln 

York 

Litchfield 

Taliaferro 

Fayette 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Clinton 

Johnson 

Barber 

Todd 

Norfolk 

Washtenaw 

Le  Sueur 

Madison 

Buffalo 

Hillsborough... 

Schoharie 

Mecklenburg... 

Franklin 

Medina 

Noble 

Richland 

Mercer 

Potter 

Windsor 

Bland 

Portage 

Walworth 

Wadworth 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Schoharie 

Weakley 

Hamilton 

Mercer 

Sheridan 

Alexander 

Cherry 

Coweta 

Bath 

Bath 

Washington 

Washington 

Iredell 

Alleghany 

San  Patricio..... 

Tipton -.... 

Mercer 

Pickens ~. 

Wicomico 

Wicomico 

Shasta. 

Saline 

Bolivsr 


Popnlation. 


1880.     1890. 


183 
616 


762 
860 


1,4.32 
399 


1,287 
170 
738 


807 


1,223 

680 

1,887 


699 


2,011 
1,929 

960 
1,630 

462 
2,218 
8,184 
1,097 


2,829 
404 

1,193 
713 

1,816 
921 
232 
163 

1,128 

2,580 


1,789 

609 

219 

1,154 

1,159 


1,105 
1,492 
1,161 
1,202 
3,360 


203 
2,691 
2,048 
1,621 
1,195 
1,221 
2,981 
6,684 
1,066 
1,012 
1,286 
1,639 
1,966 

667 


627 

2,078 

469 

729 


110 
1,786 

366 
2,311 
1,260 
1,134 
3,466 
.33 

280 
1,824 

4.38 

869 

411 
1,600 

469 


1,126 

406 

783 

977 

739 

» 

1,43» 

602 

3» 

1,299> 

20» 

1,14% 

162 

641 

1,399 

?900 

79 

1,476 

1,686 

812 

1,662 

.32 

747 

238 

1,767 

4,969 

968 

1,702 

494 

1,443 

14,403 

968 

1,278 

3,170 

993 

979 

691 

2,131 

620 

329 

299 

968 

2,149 

172 

1,621 

497 

972 

1,114 

1,076 

676 

1,146 

1,634 

1,014 

1,142 

4,018 

633 

137 

2,202 

2,160 

1,666 

1,276 

1,106 

2,963 

7,469 

1,164 

737 

1,240 

1,940 

2,0.38 

878 

790 

178 

622 

2,765 

713 

611 

132 

994 

196 

177 

2,074 

616 

2,114 

1,163 

1,316 

4,898 

371 

377 

2,330 

411 

820 

427 

3,106 

646 

201 


203 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Shawangunk,  N.T 

Shawano,  Wis 

Shawnee,  Ind 

Shawnee,  Kan 

SliHwnee,  Kan 

SI  awnee,  Kan 

Shawnee,  Mo 

Shawnee,  Mo 

Shawnee,  Mo 

Shawnee,  O 

Shawnee,  0 

Shawnee,  Va 

Shawneehaw,  N.C 

Sliawneetown,  111..  

Shaw  Point,  III 

Sbawg,  S.C 

Sbawswick,  Ind 

Sheakleyville,  Pa .'... 

Sheard,  N.D 

Sheboygan,  Wis 

Shebiiygan,  Wis 

Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.. 
Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.. 

Shedd's,  Ore 

Shedd's,  Ore 

Sheep  Creek,  Neb 

Sheep  Horn,  Col 

Sheep  Ranch,  Cal 

Sheffield,  Ala 

Sheffield,  Ala 

Sheffield,  Ga 

Sheffield,  III 

Sheffield,  Ind 

Sheffield,  Mass 

Sheffield,  0 

Sheffield,  0 

Sheffield,  Pa 

Sheffield,  Pa 

Sheffield,  Vt 

Sbelbina,  Mo 

Shelburn,  Ind 

Shelburne,  Mass 

Shelburne,  Minn 

Shelburne,  N.H 

Shelburoe,  Vt 

Shelby,  Ala 

Shelby,  111 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Iowa 

Shelby,  Iowa 

Shelby,  Ky 

Shelby,  Mich 

Shelby,  Mich 

Shelby,  Mich 

Shelby,  Minn 

Shelby,  Neb 

Shelby,  N.T 

Shelby,  N.C , 

Shelby,  N.C 

Shelby,  0 

Shelby,  S.D 

Shelby,  Wis 

Shelby  City,  Ky 

Shelby  Creek,  Ky 

Shelbyville,  111 

Shelbyville,  111 

Shelbyville,  Ind 

Shelbyville,  Ky 

Shelbyville,  Ky .. 

Shelbyville,  Mo 

Shelbyville,  Tenn 

Sheldon,  III 

Sheldon,  111 

Sheldon,  Iowa 

Sheldon,  Minn 

Sheldon,  Mo 

Sheldon,  N.Y 

Sheldon,  N.D 

Sheldon,  N.D 

Sheldon,  S.C 

Sheldon,  Vt 

bheldon.  Wis 

Shell  Banks,  Ala 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Creek,  Neh 

Shell  Lake,  Wis 

Shellman,  Ga. 

Sliellman,  Ga 

Shell  Pond,  Fla 

Shell  River,  Minn 

Shell  Rock,  Iowa 

ao4 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-Till 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post  town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 


Ulster 

Shawano 

Fountain 

Cherokee 

Johnson 

Wyandotte 

Bates 

Cape  Girardeau 

Henry 

Allen 

Perry 

Frederick 

Watauga 

Gallatin 

Macoupin 

Edgefield 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Wells 

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Linn 

Linn 

Sioux 

Eagle 

CalaTeras 

Colbert 

Colbert 

Rockdale 

Bureau 

Tippecanoe 

Berkshire 

Ashtabula 

Lorain 

Wiirren 

Warren 

Caledonia 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Franklin 

Lyou 

Cooe 

Chittenden 

Shelby 

Edwards   

Jefferson 

Ripley 

Shelby 

Tippecanoe 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Clinton 

Macomb 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Blue  Earth 

Polk 

Orleans 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

Richland 

Brown 

La  Crosse 

Boyle 

Pike 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby , 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby , 

Bedford 

Iroquois 

Iroquois. , 

O'Brien 

Houston 

Vernon 

Wyoming 

Ransom 

Ransom 

Beaufort 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Baldwin 

Boone 

Colfax 

Madison 

Platte 

Washburn 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Levy 

Wadena 

Butler. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,910 

890 
1,096 

995 
2,477 
2,377 

809 
2,200 
1,104 
1,241 
2,770 
1,812 

463 


957 
1,559 
3,966 

222 


1,616 
7,314 
1,810 
1,148 
603 
65 


1,639 

906 

1,644 

2,204 

688 

1,046 

1,424 

684 

884 

1,289 

387 

1,621 

140 

262 

1,096 

667 

1,521 

1,749 

2,902 


1,487 

1,299 

449 

662 

1,657 

1,496 

81 

882 


3,824 

2,606 

990 

1,871 


796 

466 

887 

1,166 

2,939 

3,745 


2,393 
619 
1,869 
1,939 
947 
730 
866 


2,267 


5,466 

1,629 

794 


695 
448 


1,624 


2,466 
1,506 
1,178 
1,000 
2,495 
2,068 

735 
2,502 
1,038 
1,279 
3,266 
1,975 

791 
1,066 

995 
1,883 
5,606 

191 

62 

2,117 

16,359 

1,677 

1,118 

437 

366 
30 
69 

368 
2,976 
2,731 
1,411 

993 
1,376 
1,064 

669 

839 
2,202 
1,205 

760 
1,691 

378 
1,653 

275 

336 
1,300 

763 
1,474 
1,583 
2.365 
1,339 
1,453 
1,467 

682 

691 
1,663 
2,470 

994 

728 

333 
3,702 
3,670 
1,394 
1,977 

317 
1,003 

325 
1,315 
1,058 
3,162 
5,451 
7,274 
2,079 

486 
1,823 
1,770 

910 
1,478 

726 

396 
2,069 

476 

253 
5,979 
1,365 

813 

310 

962 
619 
931 

569 

1,535 

2,689 

462 

660 

183 

1.482 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Shell  Rock,  Iowa 

Shell  Rock,  Kan 

Shell  Rock,  Minn. 

Shellsburg,  Iowa 

Shelocta,  Pa 

Shelter  Island,  N.Y 

Shelton,  Conn 

Shelton,  Mo 

Shelton,  Neb 

Shelton,  Neb 

Shelton,  Wash 

Shelton  Laurel,  N.O 

Shely,  Minn 

Shenandoah,  Iowa. 

Shenandoah,  Pa. 

Shenandoah,  Va. 

Shenandoah  Iron 
Works,  Va 

Shenango,  Pa 

Shenango,  Pa 

Shenford,  N.D 

Shepherd,  Ark 

Shepherd,  Ga 

Shepherd,  Mich 

Shepherdstowo,  W.  Va. 

ShepherdsTille,  Ky 

Shepherdsville,  Ky 

Sherborn,  Mass 

Sherbrooke,  N.D 

Sherburne,  Ky 

1  Sherburne,  Ky 

Sherburne,  Minn 

Sherburne,  N.Y 

Sherburne,  NY 

I  Sherburne,  Vt 

Sheridan,  Ark 

Sheridan,  111 

Sheridan,  111 

Sheridan,  Ind 

Sheridan,  Iowa. 

Sheridan,  Iowa 

Sheridan,  Iowa 

Sheridan,  Iowa. 

Sheridan,  Iowa. 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Minn 

Sheridan,  Mo 

Sheridan,  Mo 

Sheridan,  Mont 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Ac,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  N.Y 

Sheridan,  N.D 

Sheridan,  Ore 

Sheridan,  Ore 

Sheridan,  S.C 

Sheridan,  S.D 

Sheridan,  W.  Va 

Sheridan,  W.  Va 

Sheridan,  Wis 

Sheridan,  Wyo 

Sheridan  Lake,  Col 

Sherlock,  Kan 

Sherman,  Ark 

Sherman,  Conn 

Sherman,  111 

Sherman,  Iowa. 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa, 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa , 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

popt-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Butler. 

Greenwood.. 
Freeborn.... 

Benton 

Indiana 

Suffolk 

Fairfield 

Knox 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Mason 

Madison 

Norman 

Page 

Schuylkill.. 
Page 


Page 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Ransom 

Crawford 

Morgan 

Isabella 

Jefferson 

Bullitt 

Bullitt 

Middlesex 

Steele 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Martin 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Rutland 

Grant 

La  Salle 

Logan 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

Cherokee 

Poweshiek 

Scott , 

Sioux 

Cherokee 

Cowley , 

Crawford^.... 

Grant 

Linn 

Ottawa 

Sheridan 

Washington.. 

Calhoun 

Clare 

Huron 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Newaygo 

Redwood 

Daviess 

Jasper 

Madison 

Clay 

Frontier 

Holt 

Pawnee 

Philips 

Sheridan 

Washington.. 
Chautauqua.. 

La  Moure 

Yam  Hill 

Yam  Hill 

Colleton 

Codington..  .. 

Calhoun 

Lincoln 

Dunn 

Sheridan 

Kiowa 

Finney 

.Johnson 

Fairfield 

Mason 

Calhoun 

Hardin 

Jasper 

Kossuth 

Monona 

Montgomery.... 

Pocahontas 

Sioux 

Story 

Clay 

Crawford 

Decatur 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


719 

469 

1,013 

647 

121 

732 

1,362 

1,087 


979 

369 

1,387 

10,147 

197 

2,627 
2,040 
1,595 


280 
1,689 


3,753 

299 

1,401 


810 
177 
131 

3,128 
944 
460 
42 
442 
948 
308 
720 
667 
747 

1,247 
425 

1,6>2 
606 

2,348 


1,291 
1,240 


1,234 
496 
640 


207 
1,181 
165 
967 
913 
160 
405 


367 


612 
1,661 


993 

196 

1,612 


1,123 

1,124 

687 


266 
828 
765 
649 
644 
1,092 


384 
979 
54 
336 
621 
1,114 
967 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sherman,  Kan 

Sberman,  Kan 

Sbeniian,  Kan. 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherniiin,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Me 

Shermai),  Mich 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Midi 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Mich..  .... 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Minn 

Sherman,  Miss 

Sberman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sberman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  N.Y 

Sherman,  N.Y 

Sherman,  0 

Sherman,  S.D 

Sberman,  Tex 

Sherman,  W.  Va 

Sherman,  W.  Va 

Sherman,  W.  Va 

Sherman,  Wis 

Sherman,  Wis 

Sherman,  Wis 

Shermanville,  Kan.. 

Sberodsville,  0 

Sherrill,  Mo 

Sherry,  Wis 

Sherwood,  Mich , 

Sherwood,  Mich , 

Sherwood,  Tex 

Sherwood  Forest,  Wis... 

Sheshequin,  Pa. 

Slietek,  Minn 

Shiawassee,  Mich 

Shible,  Minn 

Shickley,  Neb 

Shicktihinny,  Pa 

Shields,  111 

Shields,  Neb 

Shields,  Wis 

Shields,  Wis 

Shields  River,  Mont 

ShieldsTille,  Minn 

Sbillington,  Pa 

Shilob,  Ala 

Shilob,  Ark 

Shilob,  Ga 

Shilob,  111 

Shilob,  III 

Shilob,  Iowa 

Shilob,  Kan 

Shilob,  Ky 

Shilob,  Ky 

Shilob,  N.C 

Shiloh,  N.C 

Shilob,  0 

Shiloh,  S.C 

Shilob,  Va 

Shiloh  Valley,  111 

Shinier,  Kan 

Shine,  N.C 

Shiner,  Tex 

Shingle  Creek, Fla 

Shingletown,  Cal 

Shinnstou,  W.  Va 

Shinyaganiute,  Alaska 

Sbipman,  111 

Shipman,  111 

Shippen,  Pa , 

Shippen,  Pa , 

Shippensburg,  Pa , 

Shippen8burg,Pa 

Shippensville,  Pa 

Sbirenianstown,  Pa 

Shirland,  111 

Shirley,  Ala 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post"prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

haralet 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Grant 

Leavenworth.. 

Ottawa 

Pottawatomie.. 

Riley 

Sedgwick 

Washington.... 

Aroostook 

Huron 

Iosco 

Isabella 

Keewenaw 

Mason 

Newaygo 

Osceola 

Saint  Joseph... 

Redwood 

Pontotoc 

Cass 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Putnam 

Antelope 

Cuming 

Furnas 

Gage 

Kearney 

Nuckolls 

Platte 

Wayne 

Chautauqua,... 
Chautauqua.. .. 

Huron 

Brooking 

Grayson. 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Hampshire 

Clark 

Dunn 

Sheboygan 

Sherman 

Carroll 

Texas 

Wood 

Branch 

Branch 

Irion 

Clark 

Bradford 

Murray 

Shiawassee 

Swift 

Fillmore 

Luzerne 

Lake 

Holt 

Dodge 

Marquette 

Park 

Rice 

Berks 

Marengo 

Cleburne 

Carroll 

Edgar 

Je^erson 

Grundy 

Neosho 

Calloway 

Union 

Camden 

Iredell , 

Richland 

Sumter 

King  George  ., 

Saint  Clair 

Comanche 

Greene , 

Lavaca 

Osceola 

Shasta 

Harrison  , 


Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Cameron 

Tioga 

Cumberland.. 
Cumberland.. 

Clarion 

Cumberland.. 
Winnebago... 
Covington 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


440 

1,403 


354 

2,045 
798 

1,094 
217 
382 

1,011 
409 
644 
568 

1,204 
142 


1,020 

1,621 

806 

1,058 


144 
171 
387 
493 


1,558 

731 

1,223 


6,093 
1,136 
1,201 
1,492 
300 
548 
1,750 


1,346 
211 


115 
1,460 

242 
1,929 

233 


1,058 
1,336 


1,025 
620 


771 

136 

1,857 


1,202 

1,314 

675 

988 

33 

1,041 

1,854 

1,860 

661 

2,405 

1,999 


1,682 
486 

1,217 
441 
494 

2,213 
388 
404 
474 
544 


548 
369 
238 

1,487 
544 
640 
588 
790 
953 
909 

1,318 
168 
533 
868 
550 
625 
810 

1,048 

249 

79 

1,199 

1,755 
785 
892 
267 
598 
237 
580 
658 
674 
635 
214 

1,631 
785 
935 
307 

7,335 

1,522 

1,692 

1,911 
470 
635 

1,736 
267 
893 

2,124 
487 

1,405 
447 
264 
155 

1,272 
346 

1,892 
343 
307 

1,448 

1,751 
456 
919 
608 
242 
875 
600 

2,006 

94 

681 

1,328 

1,344 
864 

1,092 
49 

1,057 

1,773 

2,121 
644 

2,501 

2,126 

1,286 
201 

1,000 
340 
154 
945 
403 
7 

1,521 
410 

1,698 
732 
744 

2,183 
336 
432 
491 
653 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Shirley,  Kan 

Shirley,  Me 

Shirley,  Mass 

Shirley,  Pa 

Shirleysburg,  Pa 

Shoal,  Mo 

Shoal  Creek,  Ala 

Shoal  Creek,  Ark 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga. 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga 

Shoal  Creek,  111 

Shoal  Creek,  Mo 

Shoal  Creek,  Mo 

Shoal  Creek,  N.O 

Shoalford,  Ala 

Shoal  River,  Fla 

Shoals,  Ind 

Shocco,  N.C 

Shoe  Heel,  N.C 

Shoemakersvilie,  Fa..... 

Shobola,  Pa 

Shoo  Fly,  Ore 

Shooting  Creek,  N.C... 

Shoreham,  Vt 

Short  Bend,  Mo 

Short  Creek,  Ala 

Short  Creek,  Ky 

Short  Creek,  Ky 

Short  Creek,  O 

Shorterville,  Ala 

Short  Mountain,  Ark... 

Shoshone,  Idaho 

Shoshone,  Idaho 

Shottsville,  Ala 

Shoup, Idaho 

Shovenaghamute,  Alas. 

Shreve,  O 

Shreveport,  La 

Shrewsbury,  Mass 

Shrewsbury,  N.J 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Pa. 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Vt 

Shubuta,  Miss 

Sbubuta,  Miss 

Shuck  Pen,  Ga 

SbiiflBeld,  N.C 

Shullsburg,  Wis 

ShuUsburg,  Wis 

Shunesburg,  Utah 

Shuqualak,  Miss 

Shutesbury,  Mass 

Sibley,  111 

Sibley,  Iowa 

Sibley,  Kan 

Sibley,  Minn 

Sibley,  N.D 

Sibley,  N.D 

Sibley  Mills,  Ala 

Sicily,  Neb 

Sidell,  III 

Sidney,  111 , 

Sidney,  111 

Sidney,  Iowa , 

Sidney,  Iowa 

Sidney,  Me 

Sidney,  Mich 

Sidney,  Neb 

Sidney,  NY , 

Sidney,  N.Y , 

Sidney,  O , 

Sidney,  Wash 

Sidon,  Miss 

Sienega,N.M , 

Sierra,  Cal , 

Sierra,  Cal 

Sierra  City,  Cal 

Sievers,  Ore 

Sigel,  III 

Sigel,  111 

Sigel,  Mich 

Sigel,  Minn 

Sigel,  WU , 

Sigel,  Wis 

Signal,  S.D , 

Sigourney,  Iowa , 

Sigournev,  Iowa 

Sigurd,  Utah 

Sikeston,  Mo 

Silex,  Mo.. 

Siloam,  N.C , 

Siloam  Springs,  Ark.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

towtiship 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

beat 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-Till 

post-twp 

poet- town 


County. 


aoud 

Piscataquis... 
Middlesex..... 
Huntingdon.. 
Huntingdon.. 

Clinton 

Cleburne 

Logan 

Dawson 

Hart 

Lumpkin 

White 

Bond 

Barry- 

Newton 

Cherokee 

Limestone.... 

Walton.., 

Martin 

Warren 

Robeson 

Berks 

Pike 

Grant 

Clay 

Addison 

Dent , 

Etowah 

Grayson 

Pendleton 

Harrison , 

Henry , 

Logan 

Logan 

Logan 

Marion 

Lemhi 


Wayne 

Caddo 

Worcester 

Monmouth.... 

Lycoming 

Sullivan 

York 

York 

Rutland 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Murray , 

Moore 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Washington.. 

Noxubee 

Franklin 

Ford 

Osceola 

Cloud 

Sibley 

Burleigh 

Kidder 

Baldwin 

Gage 

Vermilion....- 
Champaign... 
Champaign... 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Kennebec...., 
Montcalm.... 

Cheyenne 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Kitsap 

Le  Flore 

Santa  ¥6 

Sierra 

Tehama 

Sierra 

Clackamas.,... 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Huron 

Brown 

Chippewa 

Wood 

Charles  Mix. 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Sevier- 

Scott 

Lincoln 

Surry 

Benton 


PopnlatioD. 


1880.      1890. 


912 
263 

1,366 

1,703 
367 

3,340 
260 
843 
378 

1,398 
378 
520 


1,667 
1,383 
1,604 


300 
706 
1,619 
1,661 
429 
715 


636 
1,354 
1,161 


2,911 
1,036 
1,831 
1,717 
1,297 


908 
8,009 
1,600 
6,526 

477 

343 
2,087 

665 
1,236 
4,324 

754 
1,100 
1,689 
2,245 
1,168 
82 

362 

629 


301 
768 
499 


624 
1,186 
1,603 

468 
1,994 

866 
1,396 
1,747 
1,173 
2,461 


3,823 


930 
476 
401 


362 
621 
662 
866 
666 


2,207 
1,736 


191 


1,149 

291 

1,191 

1,622 

326 

4,040 

264 

1,131 

333 

1,616 

381 

622 

2,170 

2,367 

1,721 

1,739 

1,198 

133 

738 

1,364 

2,682 

602 

960 

131 

779 

1,240 

1,296 

617 

3,161 

964 

1,712 

1,886 

2,232 

961 

968 

679 

91 

62 

1,012 

11,979 

1,449 

8,357 

670 

811 

2,041 

662 

974 

4,116 

589 

1,111 

1,818 

2,270 

1,391 

61 

601 

463 

404 

1,090 

698 

731 

39 

170 

641 

787 

1,683 

1,623 

581 

3,061 

839 

1,334 

1,614 

1,366 

3,122 

1,368 

4,860 

226 

119 

326 

962 

829 

632 

107 

934 

268 

907 

680 

1,687 

1,232 

60« 

1,948 

1,623 

44 

636 

161 

7ia 

821 


205 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Silver,  Iowa 

Silver,  Utah 

Silver  City,  Ga 

Silver  City,  Idaho 

Silver  City,  Idaho 

Silver  City,  Iowa 

Silver  City,  Mont 

Silver  City,  Nev 

Silver  City,  N.M 

Silver  City,  N.M 

Silver  City,  N.C 

Silver  Cliff,  Col 

Silver  Cliff,  Col 

Silver  Creek,  Idaho 

Silver  Creek,  111 

Silver  Creek,  Ind 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa 

Silver  Creek,  Kan 

Silver  Creek,  Kan 

Silver  Creek,  Mich 

Silver  Creek,  Minn 

Silver  Creek,  Mo 

Silver  Creek,  Neb 

Silver  Creek,  Neb 

Silver  Creek,  Neb 

Silver  Creek,  N.Y 

Silver  Creek,  N.C 

Silver  Creek,  O 

Silver  Creek,  Ore 

Silver  Creek,  S.D 

Silver  Dale,  Kan , 

Silver  Hill,  N.C 

Silver  Hill,  Pa 

Silver  King,  Ariz 

Silver  Lake,  Ark 

Silver  Lake,  Col 

Silver  Lake,  Ind 

Silver  Lake,  Iowa 

Silver  Lake,  Iowa 

Silver  Lake,  Iowa 

Silver  Lake,  Kan 

Silver  Lake,  Kan 

Silver  Lake,  Minn 

Silver  Lake,  Neb 

Silver  Lake,  Ore 

Silver  Lake,  Pa 

Silver  Leaf,  Minn 

Silver  Plume,  Col 

Silver  Plume,  Col 

Silver  Reef,  Utah 

Silver  Run,  Ala 

Silver  Spring,  Pa. 

Silver  Springs,  Fla 

Silverton,  Ore 

Silverton,  S.C 

Silverville,  Cal 

Silvies,  Ore 

Silvista,  N.D 

Simmons  Mills,  Ala 

Simmonsville,  Va 

Simpson,  Ark 

Simpson,  111 

Simpson,  Mo 

Simpson,  Neb 

Simpson,  W.  Va 

Simpsons  Creek,  S.C... 

Simpsonville,  Ky 

Simpsonville,  Ky 

Simpsonville,  N.C 

Sims,  Ind 

Sims,  N.D 

Simsborough,  La 

Simsbury,  Conn 

Simstown,  6a 

Sinclair,  Kan 

Sinclairville,  N.Y 

Singick,  Alaska 

Sing  Sing,  N.V 

Sinker  Creek,  Idaho.... 

Sink  Hole,  Ga 

Sinking,  Ky 

Sinking,  Mo 

Sinking  Spring,  Tenn. 

Sinnot,  Minn 

Sioux,  Iowa 

Sioux,  Iowa 

Sioux,  Iowa 

Sioux  Agency,  Minn.... 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 

Sioux  Falls,  S.D 

Sioux  Falls,  S.D 

Sioux  Rapids,  Iowa., 
Sioux  Valley,  Minn. 

206 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinet 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

postprect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

u)ag.-di8t 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 


County. 


Cherokee 

Salt  Lake 

Dawson 

Owyhee 

Owyhee 

Mills 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Lyon 

Grant 

Grant 

Chatham 

Custer 

Custer 

Logan 

Stephenson 

Clarke 

Ida 

Mills 

Pottawattamie 

Cowley 

Harper 

Cass 

Wright 

Randolph 

Burt 

Dixon 

Merrick 

Chautauqua 

Burke 

Greene 

Marion 

Sanborn 

Cowley 

Davidson 

Northumberl'd 

Pinal 

Desha 

San  Juan 

Kosciusko 

Dickinson 

Palo  Alto 

Worth 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Martin 

Adams 

Lake 

Susquehanna.... 

Becker 

Clear  Creek 

Clear  Creek 

Washington 

Talladegar 

Cumberland 

Marion 

Marion 

Aiken 

Solano 

Grant 

Walsh 

Coffee 

Craig 

Grant 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Keya  Paha 

Harrison 

Horry 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Rockingham.... 

Grant 

Morton 

Lincoln 

Hartford 

Oglethorpe 

Jewell 

Chautauqua 


Westchester.. 

Owyhee 

Bulloch 

Wayne 

Dent 

Sevier 

Marshall 

Lyon 

Monona 

Plymouth 

Yellow  Med.. 

Woodbury 

Woodbury.... 
Minnehaha... 
Minnehaha... 
Buena  Vista.. 
Jackson 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


463 
121 


693 
185 


605 

"i.s'oo 


5,040 


1,312 

1,186 
388 

1,169 
620 
857 
499 
984 
381 

1,391 
476 


421 
1,036 
1,487 
2,155 
1,238 


711 
958 


640 


534 

45 

296 

573 

995 

268 

250 

584 

92 

1,105 


1,046 
1,523 
2,263 


229 
2,036 
1,921 


497 
990 
592 
1,064 
978 


1,685 
2,426 
2,577 
253 
1,833 
1.185 


1,830 

2,088 

584 

540 


6,578 


1,864 
326 
661 


40 

182 

274 

171 

7,845 

7,366 


2,164 
181 


680 

27 

362 

683 

433 

324 

27 

342 

2,268 

2,102 

254 

677 

646 

144 

1,217 

1,896 

630 

473 

713 

1,226 

621 

859 

657 

970 

694 

480 

729 

1,678 

1,979 

2,317 

1,620 

241 

772 

1,008 

593 

212 

945 

51 

670 

263 

684 

638 

882 

256 

469 

518 

264 

866 

142 

943 

908 

177 

2,427 

2,005 

64 

511 

1,731 

1,869 

29 

271 

692 

933 

643 

1,524 

1,055 

251 

1,777 

2,746 

1,429 

290 

2,268 

1,826 

249 

248 

1,874 

1,924 

644 

610 

12 

9,352 

41 

1,336 

1,983 

402 

693 

183 

264 

393 

354 

392 

38,219 

37,806 

10,438 

10,177 

650 

327 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sioux  Valley,  S.D 

Sisseton,  S.D 

Sisson,  Cal 

Sisson,  Mo 

Sistersville,  W.  Va 

Sitka,  Alaska 

Sitka,  Kan 

Siuslaw,  Ore 

Siverly,  Pa 

Sixes,  Ga 

Six  Mile,  Ala 

Six  Mile,  Ark 

Six  Mile,  111. 

Six  Mile  Grove,  Minn. 

Six  Pound,  N.C 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sizemoore,  Ala 

Skalkaho,  Mont 

Skandia,  Minn 

Skane,  Minn 

Skaneateles,  N.Y 

Skaneateles,  N.Y 

Skeinah,  Ga 

Skelton,  Ind 

Skin  Creek,  W.  Va. 

Skinnersville,  N.C 

Skippack,  Pa 

Skipperville,  Ala 

Skowhegan,  Me 

Skree,  Minn 

Skull  Creek,  Neb, 

Slab  Fork,  W.  Va 

Slab  Fork,  W.  Va 

Slate,  Ky 

Slate,  W.  Va 

Slater,  Mo 

Slate  Range,  Cal 

Slate  River,  Va 

Slatersville,  Utah 

Slatington,  Pa 

Slaughter,  Wash 

Slaughterville,  Ky 

Slaughterville,  Ky 

Slayton,  Minn 

Slayton,  Minn 

Sledge  Island,  Alaska. 
Sleepy  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Sleepy  Eye,  Minn 

Sleepy  Hole,  Va 

Sleepy  Hollow,  S.C 

Slettin,  Minn 

Slick  Ford,  Ky 

Slick  Rock,  Ky 

Slidell,  La 

Sligo,  Ga 

Sligo,  Mo 

Sligo,  Pa 

Slippery  Rock,  Pa 

Slippery  Rock,  Pa 

Sloan,  luwa 

Sloan,  Iowa...... 

Slocum,  Pa 

SIoss,  Ala 

Slough,  Ala 

Slough,  Neb 

Smackover,  Ark 

Smallwood,  111 

Smelly,  Ala 

Smelser,  Wis 

Smelter,  Mont 

Smelter,  N,M 

Smethport,  Pa 

Smicksburg,  Pa 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ind 

Smith,  Ind 

Smith,  Ind 

Smith,  Kan 

Smith,  Ky 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  N.C 

Smith,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

poet-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Union 

Marshall.. 
Siskiyou . 
Howell.... 
Tyler 


Clark 

Lane. 

Venango 

Cherokee 

Bibb 

Logan 

Franklin 

Swift 

Warren 

Bartow 

Coweta 

Fayette 

Henry 

Houston 

Lamar 

Missoula 

Murray 

Kittson 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Fannin 

Warrick 

Lewis 

Washing^ton... 
Montgomery., 

Dale 

Somerset 

Clay  

Butler 

Raleigh 

Wyoming 

Menifee 

Wood 

Saline 

Yuba 

Buckingham . 

Weber 

Lehigh 

King 

Webster. 

Webster 

Murray 

Murray 


Morgan 

Brown 

Nansemond. 

Aiken 

Polk.> 

Wayne 

Barren 

SaintTammany 

Dade 

Dent 

Clarion 

Butler 

Lawrence... 
Woodbury.. 
Woodbury. . 

Luzerne 

Jefferson 

Limestone.. 

Pierce 

Ouachita 

Jasper 

Talladega... 

Grant 

Cascade 

Socorro 

McKean 

Indiana 

Cleveland... 

Cross 

Dallas 

Lincoln 

Hart 

Johnson 

Laurens 

Twiggs 

Greene 

Posey 

Whitley 

Thomas 

Marshall 

Carroll 

Dade 

Laclede 

Worth 

Duplin 

Robeson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


873 
386 


279 

667 

600 

999 

1,121 

883 

269 

2,127 

884 

1,730 

1,112 

1,103 

1,651 


197 


4,866 
1,669 
491 
1,644 
1,413 
1,058 


1,466 
3,860 


659 
813 
672 

1,153 

1,067 
771 
713 

2,874 
328 

1,634 


2,008 
269 
188 


646 

997 

2,810 

1.931 


1,867 
1,022 


242 


543 
1,007 
1,741 

310 


377 


110 

831 

1,106 


872 

221 

1,197 

1,963 

1,122 

993 

1,075 

312 

1,431 

826 

861 

1,105 

1,892 


1.000 


741 
621 

1,609 
852 

2,244 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Smith,  0 

Smith,  0 

Smith,  Pa 

Smith,  S.D 

Smith,  Tenn 

Smith  &  Jordan,  Ga 

Smithborough,  III 

Smith  Bridge,  N.C 

Smith  Centre,  Kan 

Smith  Creek,  N.C 

Smitli  Cross  Koads,  Ga. 

Smithtield,  Ga 

Smithfield,  Ind 

Smiihfleld,  Towa 

Smithtield,  Me 

Smithfield,  N.Y 

Smithfield,  N.C 

Smithfield,  N.C 

Smithfield,  O 

Smithfield,  O 

Smithfield,  Pa 

Smithfield,  Pa 

Smithfield,  Pa 

Smithfield,  B.l 

Smithfield,  Utah 

Smithfield,  Utah 

Smithfield,  Va 

Smithfield,  W.  Va 

Smith  Grove,  Ky 

Smith  Island,  Md 

Smith  Island,  Wash 

Smithlnnd,  Iowa 

Sniithland,  Ky 

Smithlaud,  Ky 

Smith  Mountain,  Cal... 
Smith  Prairie,  Idaho.... 

Smith  River,  Cal 

Smith  River,  Va 

Smithsburg,  Md 

Smith's  Mills,  Ky 

Smithton,  111 

Smithton,  111 

Smithton,  Mo 

Smithton,  Mo   

Smithtown,  N.Y 

Smithville,  Ga 

Smithville,  Mo 

Smithville,  N.Y 

Smithville,  N.C , 

Smithville,  O 

Smithville,  S.C 

Smithville,  S.C 

Smithville,  Tenn 

Smithville,  Tex 

Smithville,  Utah 

Smokey,  Tenn 

Smoky,  Kan 

Smoky  Creek,  N.C 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  View,  Kan 

Smolan,  Kan 

Srayly,  Ala 

Smyrna,  Del , 

Smyrna,  Ga , 

Smyrna,  Ga , 

Smyrna,  Ind 

Smyrna,  Me , 

Smyrna,  N.Y 

Smyrna,  N.C 

Snake,  Neb 

Snake  Bite,  N.C 

Snake  Creek,  Neb - 

Snake  Creek,  Neb 

Snake  lliver,  Ore 

Snake  Spring,  Pa 

Sneedville,  Tenn 

Sniabar,  Mo 

Siiiabar,  Mo 

Snohomish,  Wash 

Snohomish,  Wash 

Snow  Creek,  N.C 

Snow  Creek,  N.C 

Snow  Creek,  Va 

Snowden,  Pa 

Snow  Hill,  Ala 

Snow  Hill,  Mo 

Snow  Hill,  Md 

Snow  Hill,  Md 

Snow  Hill,  N.O 

Snow  Hill,  N.C 

Snow  Shoe,  Pa 

Snowville,  Utah 

Snyder,  Col 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-towu 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 


County. 


Belmont 

Mahoning. 

Washington..., 

Brul6 

Gibson 

Jasper 

Bond 

Macon 

Smith 

Warren 

Harris 

Carroll..! 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Somerset 

Madison 

Johnston 

Johnston 

JefTerson 

Jefferson. 

Bradford 

Huntingdon ... 

Monroe 

Providence , 

Cache 

Cache 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Roane 

Warren , 

Somerset , 

San  Juan 

Woodbury 

Livingston 

Livingston 

San  Diego , 

Elmore 

Del  Norte 

Patrick 

Washington... 

Henderson 

Saint  Clair  .... 
Saint  Clair.... 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Suffolk 

Lee 

Clay 

Chenango 

Brunswick .... 

Wayne 

Abbeville 

Marlboro 

DeKalb 

Bastrop 

Millard 

Scott 

Sherman 

Burke 

Ellis 

Geary 

McPherson.... 

Saline 

Saline 

Saline 

Dallas 

Kent 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Jefferson 

Aroostook...... 

Chenango 

Carteret 

Cherry 

Bertie 

Boxbutte 

Sioux 

Malheur 

Bedford 

Hancock 

Jackson 

Lafayette 

Snohomish 

Snohomish 

Mitchell 

Stokes 

Franklin 

Alleghany 

Wilcox 

Lincoln 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Greene 

Greene 

Centre 

Box  Elder 

Morgan , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,977 
1,941 
2,449 


1,230 

685 

40 

890 

254 

1,303 

1,200 
926 

1,423 
764 
564 

1,226 

3,522 
485 

1,887 
529 

1,826 


1,667 

3,085 

1,177 

209 

814 

1,650 

3,589 

458 


516 
4,110 

433 
2,538 


400 
1,237 

307 
2,249 
1,943 

231 
1,492 
2,116 

546 
2,106 
2,630 


323 


265 

1,074 

1,177 

750 

940 

842 

718 

2,423 

1,087 

259 

961 

237 

1,651 

863 


1,271 


716 

157 

3,908 

1,637 


149 

765 
2,375 
2,705 
1,259 
3,862 

888 
3,427 
1,276 
1,703 

332 
1,410 

197 


1,806 
1,913 
1,592 

162 
1,286 

666 

393 
1,123 

767 
1,120 
1,188 

678 
1,279 

677 

479 
1,043 
2,862 

550 
1,881 

639 
1,630 

621 
1,099 
2,500 
1,080 

246 

891 
2,165 
3,273 

534 
8 

369 
1,547 

541 
61 
17 

709 
4,663 

487 
1,807 
1,753 

411 
1,347 

369 
3,357 
1,646 

372 
1,318 
2,295 

482 
2,638 
2,744 

572 

616 

170 

253 

515 

297 

280 
2,143 
1,686 

621 
1,187 

678 

669 
2,4.55 
1,430 

416 

867 

303 
1,396 

972 

117 
1,667 

246 
26 
47 

774 

156 
4,283 
2,698 
2,469 
1,993 
1,069 
2,313 
2,459 

766 
3,2.36 

880 
3,1597 
1,483 
1,059 

283 
2,397 

175 
60 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Snyder,  Pa 

Snyder,  Pa 

Snyder,  Tex 

Snydertown,  Pa 

Soap  Oeek,  Iowa 

Soap  Creek,  Ore 

Socastee,  S.C 

Soccopatoy,  Ala 

Social  Circle,  Ga 

Social  Circle,  Ga 

Society  Hill,  Ala 

Society  Hill,  S.C 

Socorro,  N.M 

Socorro,  Tex 

Soda  Springs,  Idaho 

Soda  Springs,  Ore 

Sodaville,  Ore 

Soddy,  Tenn 

Sodus,  Mich 

Sodus,  Minn 

Sodus,  N.Y 

Sodus,  N.Y 

Sodville,  Kan 

Soldier,  Idaho 

Soldier,  Iowa 

Soldier,  Iowa 

Soldier,  Kan 

Soldier,  Kan 

Soldier,  Kan 

Soldier  Creek,  Mont 

Solebury,  Pa 

Soledad,  Cal 

Soledad,  Cal 

Soledad,  Cal 

Solem,  Minn 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon  City,  Kan 

Solomon  Rapids,  Kan... 

Solomonsville,  Ariz 

Solon,  Iowa 

Solon,  Me 

Solon,  Mich 

Solon,  Mich 

Solon,  N.Y 

Solon,  0 

Solvay,  N.Y 

Somer,  III 

Somers,  Conn 

Somers,  N.Y 

Somers,  N.C 

Somere,  O 

Somers,  Wis 

Somerset,  III 

Somerset,  Ky.. 

Somerset,  Ky 

Somerset,  Mass 

Somerset,  Mich 

Somerset,  Minn 

Somerset,  Mo 

Somerset,  Neb 

Somerset,  N.Y 

Somerset,  0 

Somerset,  0 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerset,  Vt 

Somerset.  Wis 

Somersville,  Cal 

Somersworth,  N.H 

Somerville,  &c.,  Ala.... 

Somerville,  Me 

Somerville,  Mass 

Somerville,  N.J 

Somerville,  0 

Somerville,  Tenn 

Somonauk,  111 

Somonauk,  III 

Songer,  111 

Sonoma,  Cal 

Sonoma,  Cal 

Sonora,  Cal 

Sonora,  III 

Sonora,  Ky 

Sonoravllle,  Ga 

Sopchoppy,  Fla 

Sopris,  Col ». 

Soquel,  Cal 

Soreuto,  111 

Sorghotown,  Ky 

Sorrento,  Fla. , 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

poet-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

poet-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

poet-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 


Coanty. 


Blalr 

Jefferson 

Scurry  

Northumberl'd 

Davis 

Benton 

Horry 

Coosa 

Walton 

Walton 

Macon 

Darlington 

Socorro 

El  Paso 

Bingham 

Clackamas 

Linn 

Hamilton 

Berrien 

Lyon 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Ford 

Logan 

Crawford 

Monona 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Shawnee 

Cascade 

Bucks 

Los  Angeles 

Monterey 

Monterey 

Douglas 

Cloud 

Graham  

Norton 

Phillips 

Saline 

Sheridan 

Dickinson 

Mitchell 

Graham 

Johnson 

Somerset 

Kent 

Leelanaw 

Cortland , 

Cuyahoga 

Onondaga 

Champaign 

Tolland 

Westchester.. ... 

Wilkes 

Preble 

Kenosha 

Jackson 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Bristol 

Hillsdale 

Steele 

Mercer 

Lincoln 

Niagara 

Belmont 

Perry 

Somerset 

Somei'set 

Washington.... 

Windham 

St.  Croix 

Contra  Costa... 

Strafford 

Morgan 

Lincoln.. 

Middlesex 

Somerset 

Butler 

Fayette 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Clay 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Tuolumne 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Gordon 

Wakulla 

Las  Animas.... 

Santa  Cruz 

Bond 

Daviess 

Lake 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,424 
1,048 


209 

993 

649 

1,258 

1,135 

2,044 

606 

1,331 

2,664 


191 
56 
454 
960 
213 
5,285 
842 


297 

381 

599 

98 

2,621 


2,648 
412 


136 

353 

1,073 


604 
526 
609 


618 
637 
175 
383 
1,013 
1,693 
303 
842 
867 

'i',"l59 
1,242 
1,630 
883 
2,233 
1,458 
l,47t 


805 
2,006 
1,356 

811 
1,123 


2,015 
2,241 
1,207 
3,276 
1,197 
983 
67 


5,586 


539 

24,933 

3,105 

370 

834 
3,865 

587 
1,000 
2,153 


1,492 
1,401 

289 
1,231 

642 


1,162 


2,011 

2,011 

600 

242 

910 

248 

1,693 

1,285* 

2,681 

737 

1,748 

2,694 

1,601 

801 

547 

274 

66 

1,173 

953 

280 

5,157 

1,028 

106 

267 

687 

701 

975 

193 

2,762 

84 

2,371 

2,711 

1,720 

217 

714 

1,392 

328 

399 

679 

636 

388 

839 

574 

287 

353 

977 

1,769 

367 

687 

847 

663 

1,072 

1,407 

1,897 

1,037 

1,869 

1,632 

1,771 

6,720 

2,625 

2,106 

1,237 

878 

948 

245 

1,962 

2,046 

1,127 

3,462 

1,713 

1,273 

61 

1,148 

371 

6,207 

2,227 

453 

40,152 

3,861 

330 

892 

3,842 

468 

877 

2,590 

767 

1,441 

1,098 

228 

1,488 

636 

983 

2,982 

638 

1,02» 

366 


207 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
Btate. 


SoudertOD,  Pa. 

South,  Cal 

South,  Iowa. 

South,  Mo 

South  Abington,  Pa 

South  Amboy,  N.J 

South  America,  Ky 

Southampton,  Mass 

Southampton,  N.J 

Southampton,  N.Y 

Southampton,  Pa 

Southampton,  Pa 

Southampton,  Pa 

Southampton,  Pa 

Southampton,  Pa 

South  Ann,  Mich 

South  Annville,  Pa 

South  Beaver,  Pa 

South  Bend,  Ga 

South  Bend,  Ind 

South  Bend,  Kan 

South  Bend,  Minn 

South  Bend,  Neb 

South  Bend,  Neb 

South  Bend,  Pa.. 

South  Berwick,  Me 

South  Bethlehem,  Pa... 
South  Bethlehem,  Pa... 

South  Bloomfield,  O 

South  Bloomfield,  0 

Southborough,  Mass 

South  Boston,  Va 

South  Boulder,  Col 

South  Branch,  Mich.... 
South  Branch,  Mich.... 
South  Branch,  Minn.... 

South  Branch,  Neb 

South  Branch,  Neb 

South  Branch,  Neb 

Southbridge,  Mass 

South  Bristol,  N.Y 

South  Brook,  Minn 

South  Brunswick,  N.J.. 

South  Buffalo,  Pa 

South  Burlington,  Vt... 

Southbury,  Conn 

South  Butler,  Ala 

South  Butler,  Mont 

South  Canaan,  Pa 

South  Canon,  Col 

South  CarroUton,  Ky... 
South  CarroUton,  Ky... 
South  CarroUton,  Mo... 

South  Charleston,  0 

South  Chester,  Pa 

South  Clinton,  N.C 

South  Corvallis,  Ore 

South  Cottonwood, 

Utah 

South  Coventry,  Pa 

South  Covington,  Ky... 

South  Creek,  Pa 

South  Danville,  III 

South  Delphi,  Ind 

South  Denver,  Col 

South  Derry,  Pa 

South  Divide,  Neb 

South  Dixon,  111 

Southeast,  Ind 

Southeast,  Miss 

Southeast,  Miss 

Southeast,  Miss 

Southeast,  Miss 

Southeast,  N.Y 

Southeast  Greeley,  Col. 

South  Easton,  Pa 

South  Elgin,  111 

South  Elkhorn,  Ky 

Southern,  111 

South  Fayette,  Pa 

Southfield,  Mich 

Southfield,  N.Y 

South  Florence,  Ala.... 

South  Fork,  Ark 

South  Fork,  Ark 

South  Fork,  Ark 

South  Fork,  Cal 

South  Fork,  CaL 

South  Fork,  111 

South  Fork,  Iowa 

South  Fork,  Iowa 

South  Fork,  Iowa 

South  Fork,  Ky 

South  Fork,  Mo 

South  Fork,  Mo 

South  Fork,  Neb 

208 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

borough 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

borough 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

beat 

beat 

beat 

heat 

township 

precinct 

borough 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Montgomery.. 

Siskiyou 

Madison 

Dade 

Lackawanna.. 

Middlesex , 

Whitley.. 

Hampshire 

Burlington....  , 

Suffolk 

Bedford 

Bucks 

Cumberland..., 

Franklin 

Somerset 

Charlevoix 

Lebanon 

Beaver 

Fulton 

Saint  Joseph... 

Barton 

Blue  Earth 


Cass 

Armstrong ..... 

York 

Armstrong 

Northampton. 

Morrow 

Pickaway 

Worcester 

Halifax 

Boulder 

Crawford 

Wexford , 

Watonwan ..... 

Nance 

Otoe 

Pierce 

Worcester 

Ontario 

Cottonwood.... 

Middlesex 

Armstrong .... 

Chittenden 

New  Haven.... 

Butler 

Silver  Bow..... 

Wayne 

Fremont 

Muhlenberg... 
Muhlenberg... 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Delaware 

Sampson 

Benton 


Salt  Lake 

Chester. , 

Kenton , 

Bradford 

Vermilion 

Carroll 

Arapahoe 

MiflHin 

Kimball 

Lee 

Orange 

Jackson 

Jasper. 

Jones 

Winston 

Putnam 

Weld 

Northampton. 

Kane 

Fayette 

Williamson..,. 

Alleghany 

Oakland 

Richmond 

Colbert 

Clark 

Fulton 

Montgomery . 

Humboldt 

Trinity 

Christian 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Wayne 

Powell 

Howell 

Monroe 

Pawnee 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,374 
1,016 
1,143 
923 
3,648 


1,046 
2, 
6,362 
1,206 
1,435 
1,992 
1,738 
629 
737 
1,809 
1.025 


13,280 
290 
514 
741 
232 
1,161 
2,677 


4,926 
1,067 

303 
2,142 

328 


192 

'l89 


316 

266 
6,464 
1,327 

211 
2,803 
1,716 

604 
1,740 

868 


1,176 


3,297 
493 
361 
932 

3,664 


1,288 
669 


1,113 
718 


373 
1,644 
3,654 
3,633 

466 
2,043 
3,500 


4,534 


1,874 

1,647 

1,766 

1,634 

4,980 

1,962 

1,329 

842 

850 

809 

358 

1,600 

1,758 

2,326 

917 

1,033 

1,059 

1,614 

786 


679 

448 

1,196 

931 

1,083 

4,330 

880 

1,017 

1,849 

8,200 

1,066 

1,637 

1,917 

1,674 

749 

2,103 

1,806 

926 

1,980 

21,819 

368 

547 

698 

132 

1,016 

3,434 

111 

10,302 

1,048 

272 

-2,114 

1,789 

80 

106 

176 

380 

279 

673 

552 

7,656 

1,225 

263 

2,403 

1,634 

845 

1,089 

884 

801 

1,067 

801 

2,361 

525 

177 

1,041 

7,076 

1,659 

244 

1,961 

493 

1,003 

936 

799 

168 

1,491 

1,208 

47 

841 

1,789 

6,228 

4,504 

597 

2,643 

4,082 

92 

5,616 

505 

2,016 

1,730 

2,484 

1,444 

6,644 

1,546 

1,411 

997 

712 

956 

467 

1,506 

1,703 

1,217 

843 

1,397 

2,129 

1,496 

1,137 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


South  Fork,  Nob 

South  Fork,  N.C 

South  Fork,  N.C 

South  Fork,  Ore 

South  Fork,  Pa. 

South  Fork,  W.  Va 

South  Fort  Collins,  Col. 
South  Glens  Falls,  N.Y. 
South  Greenfield,  Mo... 

South  Grove,  III 

South  Hadley,  Mass 

South  Hampton,  N.H.. 

South  Hanover,  Pa 

South  Harrison,  N.J.... 

South  Haven,  Kan 

South  Haven,  Kan 

South  Haven,  Mich 

South  Haven,  Mich 

South  Hero,  Vt 

South   Highlands,  Ac, 

Col 

South  Hill,  Va 

South  Holland,  111 

South  Homer,  111 

South  Huntingdon,  Pa. 
South  Hutchinson,  Kan 

Southington,  Conn 

Suuthington,  0 

South  JackBonrilIe,Fla. 
South  Kingston,  R.I.... 
South  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
South  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 

South  Lebanon,  Pa 

South  Litchfield,  III 

South  Louisville,  Ky... 

South  Loup,  Neb 

South  Lowell,  Ala 

South  Lyon,  Mich 

South  McMinnville,Ore 

South  Macon,  111 

South  Mahoning,  Pa.... 

South  Mauheim,  Pa 

South  Manistiqiie,Mich 
South  Manitou,  Mich... 
South  Marion,  &c..  Mo. 
South  Middleton,  Pa.... 

South  Milford,  Del 

South  Mills,  N.C 

South  Mills,  N.C 

South  Molino,  III 

South  Moniteau,  Mo.... 
South  Morgantown, 

W.  Va 

South  Muddy,  III 

South  Murderkill,  Del.. 
South  Newmarket,N.H. 

South  Nyak,  NY 

South  Oceanside,  Cal... 

Southold,  N.Y 

South  Omaha,  Neb 

South  Orange,  N.J 

South  Orange,  N.J 

South  Ottawa,  111 

South  Otter,  111 

South  Palmyra,  III 

South  Paris,  Me 

South  Pasadena,  Cal 

South  Pass,  Neb 

South  Pendleton,  Ore... 

South  Peoria,  III 

South  Peru,  Ind 

South  Pittsburg,  Tenn. 

South  Platte,  Neb 

South  Platte,  Neb 

South  Point,  N.C 

Southport,  Ind 

Southport,  Me 

Southport,  N.Y 

Southport,  N.C 

South  Portland,  &c.,Ore 

South  Prairie,  Ore 

South  Prairie,  Wash.... 

South  Renovo,  Pa 

South  River,  Mo 

South  River,  Va 

South  River,  Va 

South  Riverside,  Cal.... 
South  Riverside,  Cal.... 
South  Rock  Island,  III. 

South  Roscoe,  Kan 

South  St.  Paul,  Minn... 

South  Salem,  0 

South  Salem,  Ore 

South  San  Jacinto,  Cal. 
South  Sharp  Creek, 

Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

borough 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Saline 

Forsyth 

Tyrrel 

Grant 

Cambria 

Hardy 

Larimer 

Saratoga 

Dade 

De  Kalb 

Hampshire 

Rockingham  .. 

Dauphin 

Gloucester 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Van  Buren...  .. 

Van  Buren 

Grand  Isle 


Arapahoe 

Mecklenburg... 

Cook 

Champaign 

Westmoreland.. 

Reno 

Hartford 

Trumbull 

Duval 

Washington 

Knox 

San  Miguel 

Leitanoo 

Montgomery.... 

Jefferson 

Hall 

Walker 

Oakland 

Yam  Hill 

Macon 

Indiana 

Schuylkill 

Schoolcraft 

Manitou 

Christian 

Cumberland 

Sussex 

Camden 

Camden 

Rock  Island 

Howard 


Monongalia.... 

Jasper 

Kent 

Rockingham... 

Rockland 

San  Diego 

Suffolk 

Douglas 

Essex 

Essex 

La  Salle 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Oxford 

Los  Angeles.... 

Lancaster 

Umatilla. 

Peoria 

Miami 

Marion 

Hall 

Hamilton 

Gaston 

Marion 

Lincoln 

Chemung 

Brunswick 

Multnomah.... 

Tellamook 

Pierce 

Clinton 

Marion 

Augusta 

Rockbridge 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 
Rock  Island. 
Hodgman.... 

Dakota 

Ross 

Marion 

San  Diego.... 


McPherson  . 


PopuMion. 


1880.      1890. 


649 

1,459 

180 

97 


1,515 


1,083 


779 
3,528 

383 
1,205 


1,214 

124 

2,246 

1,442 

620 


2,567 


2,200 
3,005 


5,411 
916 


5,114 


2,117 
966 


418 

1,611 

1,369 

906 


2,864 
1,034 
2,433 


2,084 


1,003 

4,504 

829 


7,267 


3,911 
2,178 
1,289 
1,110 
1,473 
815 


1,013 


254 
1.045 


452 
3,638 

388 

679 
3,619 
1,008 
17,577 

183 


726 
6,074 
3,059 


489 
299 
838 


370 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


South  Shenango,  Pa 

Bouth  Sbure,  Fla 

Southgide,  Kan 

Bouthside,  Minn 

South  Side,  Va 

South  Sioux  City,  Neb- 
South  Slough,  Ore 

South  Solon,  0 

South  Springfield,  111... 
South  Spring  Rivor, 

N.M 

South  Stillwater,  Minn. 

South  Strabane,  Pa 

Bouth  Sugar  Loaf,  Ark. 
South  Thomaston,  Me. . 

South  Toe,  N.C 

Bouth  Tualatin,  Ore 

South  Union,  Pa 

South  Vallev,  N.Y 

South  Valley,  N.D 

Bouth  Versailles,  Pa 

South  Wabash,  Ind 

South  Warner,  Ore 

South  Waverly,  Pa 

South  Wayne,  Ind 

South  Wayne,  Wis 

South  Weber,  Utah 

South  Webster,  O 

Southwest,  111 

Southwest,  Miss 

Southwest,  Miss 

Southwest,  Miss 

Southwest,  Mo 

Southwest,  N.C. 

Southwest,  N.D 

South  West,  Pa 

South  West,  W.  Ya 

Southwest  City,  Mo 

Southwestern,  III 

Southwest  Greelev,  Col. 
South  Whitehall,"Pa.... 

South  Whitley,  Ind 

South  wick.  Mass 

South  Williamsport,Pa. 
Bouth  Windsor,  Conn... 

Bouthwood,  La 

South  Woodbury,  Pa.... 

Spadra,  Ark 

Spafford,  N.Y 

Spalding,  Md 

Spalding,  Mich 

Spangle,  Wash 

Spanish  Creek,  Mont.... 

Spanish  Fork,  Utah 

Spanish  Fork,  Utah 

Bparkill,  N.Y 

Sparks,  Ga 

Sparlaud,  III 

Sparrow's  Point,  Md 

Sparta,  Ala 

Sparta,  Ga 

Sparta,  111 

Sparta,  111 

Sparta,  111 

Sparta,  Ind 

Sparta,  Ind 

Sparta,  Ky 

Sparta,  Mich 

Sparta,  Mich....^ 

Sparta,  Minn 

Sparta,  Mo 

Sparta,  Neb 

Sparta,  N.J 

Sparta,  N.Y 

Bparta,  N.C 

Sparta,  N.C 

Sparta,  0 

Sparta,  Ore 

Sparta,  Pa 

Sparta,  Tenn 

Sparta,  Wis 

Bparta,  Wis 

Spartanburg,  S.C 

Spartanburg,  S.C 

Spartansburg,  Pa 

Spaulding,  Iowa. 

Spaulding,  Mich 

Spaulding,  Neb 

Speaker,  Mich 

Spearflsh.S.D 

Spearman,  Ala 

Spearville,  Kan 

Speed  Mills,  Ala 

Speedwell,  Mo 

Speedwell,  Va 

Speight's  Bridge,  N.C... 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

township 

township 

inag..di8t 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vlll 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

poet-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vlll 

precinct 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

beat 

beat 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

village 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

poet-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

city 

poat-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 


County. 


Crawford.  ... 

DuTal 

Kearney 

Wright , 

Appomattox.. 

Dakota 

Coos 

Madison 

Sangamon.... 


Lincoln 

Washington 

Washington 

Cleburne 

Knox 

Yancey 

Washington 

Fayette 

Cattaraugus 

Rolette 

Alleghany 

Wabash 

Lake 

Bradford 

Allen 

Lafayette 

Davis 

Scioto 

Crawford 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Barton 

Lenoir 

Sargent 

Warren 

Doddridge 

McDonald 

Perry 

Weld 

Lehigh 

Whitley 

Hampden 

Lycoming 

Hartford 

Ascension 

Bedford 

Johnson 

Onondaga.. 

Prince  George's 

Menominee 

Spokane 

Gallatin 

Utah 

Utah 

Rockland 

Berrien 

Marshall 

Baltimore 

Conecuh 

Hancock 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Knox 

Dearborn 

Noble 

Gallatin 

Kent 

Kent 

Chippewa 

Christian 

Knox 

Sussex 

Livingston 

Alleghany 

Edgecombe 

Morrow 

Union 

Crawford 

White 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Spartanburg.... 
Spartanburg.... 

Crawford 

Union 

Saginaw 

Greeley 

Sanilac 

Lawrence 

Shelby 

Ford 

Pickens 

Saint  Clair 

Wythe 

Greene 


Population. 


1880.      18S0, 


991 


312 
3,061 


185 
262 


601 
1,602 


1,771 
502 
377 

1,177 
996 


8S2 
198 


854 


239 


314 

2,208 

1,939 

890 

440 


660 
1,393 

173 
1,084 


2,884 

408 

1,104 


1,902 


1,630 
3,055 
1,450 
1,671 
1,131 
36 


2,304 
2,304 


375 


235 

848 

3,421 

1,754 

1,682 

1,763 

1,631 

473 

2,103 

607 

594 


2,274 
1,201 


1,620 
236 
235 

1,181 


1,072 

2,387 

7,521 

3,253 

486 

693 

413 


1,473 

170 

796 

718 

624 

1,133 

2,659 

2,493 


909 
1,030 
128 
706 
3,148 
603 
148 
345 


198 

1,304 

3,079 

921 

1,534 

609 

599 

3,740 

1,249 

32 

678 

507 

116 

1,082 

1,107 

285 

267 

323 

333 

3,466 

2,940 

1,940 

1,169 

528 

151 

1,195 

1,492 

707 

737 

1,347 

2,204 

720 

914 

2,900 

1.736 

202 

1,635 

2,686 

1,227 

1,677 

1,915 

303 

44 

2,686 

2,214 

816 

307 

471 

2,607 

173 

1,540 

3,415 

1,979 

1,293 

1,484 

1,401 

206 

2,639 

904 

821 

1,793 

300 

1,724 

1,136 

96 

1,409 

216 

146 

1,209 

712 

996 

2,795 

13,616 

6,544 

516 

671 

616 

356 

1,430 

678 

601 

555 

480 

1,120 

2,603 

1,404 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Spencer,  Oa. 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Iowa 

Spencer,  Iowa 

Spencer,  Mass 

Spencer,  Mich 

Spencer,  Mo 

Spencer,  Mo 

Spencer,  N.Y 

Spencer,  N.Y 

Spencer,  0 

Spencer,  O 

Spencer,  O 

Spencer,  0 

Spencer,  0 

Spencer,  Ore 

Spencer,  Tenn 

Spencer,  Tenn 

Spencer,  Va 

Spencer,  W.  Va 

Spencer,  W.  Va 

Spencer,  Wig 

Spencer,  Wis 

Spencer  Brook,  Minn.. 

Spencerport,  N.Y 

Spencerville,  0 

Sperry,  Iowa 

Spicelaud,  Ind 

Spiceland,  Ind 

Spicer,  Neb 

Spice  Valley,  Ind 

Spickardsville,  Mo 

Spillman,  &c.,  Ky 

Spink,  S.D 

Spirit  Lake,  Iowa 

Spirit  Lake,  Iowa 

Spirit  Lake,  S.D 

Spirit  Mound,  S.D 

Spivey,  Kan 

Split  Rock,  S.D 

Spokane  Falls,  Wash.. 

Spooner,  Wis 

Spottsville,  Ky 

Spotteville,  Ky 

Sprague,  Conn 

Sprague,  Mo 

Sprague,  Wash 

Sprague,  &c..  Wash 

Sprague  River,  Ore 

Sprigg,  0 

Spring,  Ark , 

Spring,  111 

Spring,  lowfi 

Spring,  Kan 

Spring,  Kan 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  S.D 

Spring  Arbor,  Mich.... 

Spring  Bank,  Neb 

Spring  Bay,  111 

Spring  Bay,  111 

Spring  Branch,  Neb.... 

Springborough,  O 

Springborough,  Pa.... 
Spring  Branch,  Neb ... 

Spring  Brook,  Kan 

Spring  Brook,  Minn.... 

Spring  Brook,  Pa 

Spring  Brook,  Wis 

Spring  City,  Pa 

Spring  City,  Tenn 

Spring  City,  Utah 

Spring  Creek,  Ala 

Spring  Creek,  Ala 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Idaho... 

Spring  Creek,  111 

Spring  Creek,  Iowa 

Spring  Creek,  Iowa 

Spring  Creek,  Iowa 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Minn.... 


Rank  of 
place. 


district 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

poet- town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

poBt-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poet-bo  ro' 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Conoty. 


Thomas. 

Harrison 

Jennings 

Owen 

Clay 

Clay 

Worcester 

Kent 

Pike 

Ralls 

Tioga. 

Tioga 

Allen 

Guernsey 

Hamilton 

Lucas 

Medina 

Lane 

Moore 

Van  Buren 

Powhatan 

Roane 

Roane 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Isanti 

Monroe 

Allen 

Clayton 

Henry 

Henry 

Richardson 

Lawrence 

Grundy 

Allen 

Union 

Dickinson 

Dickinson 

Kingsbury 

Clay 

Kingman 

Minnehaha..... 

Spokane 

Washburn 

Henderson 

Henderson 

New  London .. 

Bates 

Lincoln 

Pierce 

Klamath 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Boone 

Cherokee 

Butler 

Harper 

Berks 

Centre 

Crawford 

Perry 

Snyder 

Hand 

Jackson 

Dixon... 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Stanton 

Warren 

Crawford 

Wayne 

Sheridan 

Kittson 

Lackawanna... 

Dunn 

Chester 

Rhea 

San  Pete 

Cherokee 

Shelby 

Lee 

Lee 

Lincoln 

PhiUipe 

Logan 

Pike 

Black  Hawk... 

Mahaska. 

Tama 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Greenwood 

Lane 

Pottawatomie.. 

Saline 

Norman 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,320 

1,803 

1,655 

1,392 

824 

7,466 

1,196 

2,021 

2,268 

2,382 

700 

1,646 

1,652 

996 

686 

898 

195 

480 

217 

2,444 

2,295 

226 

1,091 


295 
670 
632 

1,236 

2,039 
627 
691 

2,121 
330 

1,860 


306 
277 


360 


1,675 

448 

3,207 


118 

2,652 

600 

945 

194 

74;J 

151 

2,340 

2,235 

1,624 

1,538 


1,264 


387 
176 


663 
379 
171 


668 
1,304 
1,112 


1,016 
984 


466 
2,608 


1,366 
707 


974 
616 
511 
295 


1,200 


940 

1,272 

1,410 

1,868 

2,293 

1,813 

8,747 

1,260 

1,897 

2,367 

2,211 

810 

2,444 

1,421 

1,559 

642 

1,008 

361 

603 

138 

1,904 

3,530 

431 

1,018 

626 

.386 

695 

1,266 

1,128 

1,823 

637 

796 

1,843 

481 

1,693 

933 

394 

782 

496 

400 

205 

1,136 

19,922 

734 

1,659 

613 

1,106 

267 

1,689 

2,804 

119 

2,625 

605 

983 

416 

760 

407 

2,544 

3,190 

1,575 

1,340 

1,208 

217 

1,182 

649 

339 

147 

468 

413 

490 

500 

300 

269 

766 

1,267 

1,797 

698 

1,0U 

1,105 

994 

1,789 

64 

492 

2,812 

144 

1,690 

689 

1,706 

1,376 

691 

678 

606 

125 

427 

817 

18B 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Spring  Creek,  Mo 

Spring  Creek,  Mo 

Spring  Creek,  Mo 

Spring  Creek,  Mo 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  N.C 

Spring  Creek,  O 

Spring  Creek,  Pa 

Spring  Creek,  Pa 

Spring  Creek,  S.D 

Spring  Creek,  Waah 

Spring  Creek,  W.  Va.... 

Springdale,  Ark 

Spriugdale,  Ark 

Springdale,  Iowa 

Spriugdale,  Kan 

Springdale,  Mich 

Springdale,  Mion 

Spriugdale,  Mont 

Springdale,  Neb 

Springdale,  Pa 

Spriugdale,  S.D 

Springdale,  S.D 

Spring  Dale,  Utah 

Springdale,  Utah 

Springdale,  Wis 

Springer,  N.M 

Springer,  N.D 

Springerville,  Ariz 

Springfield,  Ala 


Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield. 
Spriugfleld 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Spriugfield 
Springfield 
Springfield. 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Spriugfield 
Spriugfield 
Spriugfield 
Springfield. 
Springfield 
Spriugfield. 
Spriugfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Spriugfield 
Springfield 
Spriugfield, 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Springfield, 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield, 
Spriugfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Springfield 
Spriugfield, 
Springfield! 

210 


Ark 

Col 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Ky 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn.., 
Minn.., 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb...., 
N.H...., 

N.J 

N.J , 

N.Y 

O 

0 

0 

o 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

0 

0 

o 

Ore 

Ore 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C , 

S.D , 

Tenn... , 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

W.Va., 
W.Va.. 

Wis 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post- vi  11 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Dent 

Douglas 

Maries , 

Phelps , 

Greeley , 

Howard 

Johnson 

Nuckolls 

Sheridan 

Thayer. 

Madison 

Miami 

Elk 

Warren 

Moody 

Klikitat , 

Wirt 

Washington 

Washington 

Cedar 

Sumner 

Manistee 

Redwood 

Park 

Valley 

Alleghany 

Lincoln 

Roberts 

Emery 

Washington 

Dane 

Colfax 

Ransom 

Apache 

Greene 

Conway 

Baca 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Allen 

Franklin 

La  Grange 

La  Porte 

Cedar 

Winneshiek 

Seward 

Washington 

Washington 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Kalkaska 

Oakland 

Brown 

Cottonwood 

Greene 

Henry 

Sarpy 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Union 

Otsego 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Gallia 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Lucas 

Mahoning 

Muskingum 

Richland 

Ross 

Summit 

Williams 

Lane 

Lane 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Erie 

Fayette 

Huntingdon 

Mercer 

Montgomery.... 

York 

Orangeburg 

Bon  Homme.... 

Robertson 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Page 

Hampshire 

Monroe 

Dane 

Jackson 

Marquette 

St.  Croix 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,138 
675 
347 

1,521 
243 
226 
546 
237 


472 
1,604 
1,682 

467 
1. 


705 
1,266 
198 
1,852 
587 
102 
307 


738 


50 
1,006 


364 

1,174 

51 


3,481 
19,743 
1,899 
1,376 
1,017 
1,076 
1,402 
1,037 


3,853 

610 

878 

33,340 

404 

1,272 
167 
283 

6,622 
941 


732 

844 

2,016 

24,456 

20,730 

1,782 

7,976 

817 

705 

2,474 

1,280 

1,617 

1,287 

2,332 

2,117 

771 

160 

1,516 

2,525 

1,772 

1,792 

1,713 

816 

1,464 

1,535 

1,864 


236 


3,144 
1,686 
2,277 
1,418 
2,066 
1,240 
838 
428 
1,372 


2,823 

896 

320 

1,832 

222 

441 

676 

662 

171 

769 

1,177 

2,184 

1,403 

1,463 

347 

207 

964 

2,361 

906 

1,676 

531 

105 

299 

61 

259 

997 

378 

366 

12 

73 

1,120 

600 

245 

443 

1,060 

240 

90 

4,702 

24,963 

1,861 

1,224 

1,051 

972 

931 

1,087 

347 

4,147 

642 

677 

44,179 

286 

1,064 

716 

272 

21,860 

922 

746 

540 

1,670 

959 

1,726 

34,846 

31,896 

1,735 

10,793 

922 

719 

2,397 

1,231 

1,366 

1,176 

1,966 

2,302 

876 

371 

1,359 

2,351 

2,436 

1,642 

1,704 

810 

1,368 

1,892 

1,912 

221 

302 

1,372 

2,881 

1,512 

2,407 

1,333 

2,183 

1,111 

903 

605 

1,431 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Springfork,  Ky 

Spring  Garden,  Ala 

Spring  Garden,  111 

Spring  Garden,  111 

Spring  Garden,  Neb 

Spring  Garden,  Pa 

Spring  Garden,  Pa. 

Spring  Glen,  Utah 

Spring  Green,  Wis 

Spring  Green,  Wis 

Spring  Grove,  111 

Spring  Grove,  Ind 

Spring  Grove,  Iowa 

Spring  Grove,  Minn 

Spring  Grove,  Minn 

Spring  Grove,  Neb. 

Spring  Grove,  Pa 

Spring  Grove,  Wis 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill.  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ark 

Spring  Hill,  Ark 

Spring  Hill,  Kan 

Spring  Hill,  Kan 

Spring  Hill,  Ky 

Spring  Hill,  La 

Spring  Hill,  La 

Spring  Hill,  Minn 

Spring  Hill,  N.C 

Spring  Hill,  Pa 

Spring  Hill,  Pa 

Spring  Hill,  S.C 

Spring  Hills,  0 

Spring  Hills,  S.D 

Spring  Hollow,  Mo 

Spring  Hope,  N.C 

Spring  Lake,  III 

Spring  Lake,  Mich 

Spring  Lake,  Mich 

Spring  Lake,  Minn 

Spring  Lake,  Neb 

Spring  Lake,  S.D 

Spring  Lake,  S.D 

Spring  Lake,  S.D 

Spring  Lake, -S.D 

Spring  Lake,  S.D 

Spring  Lake,  Utah 

Spring  Lake,  Wis 

Spring  Mill,  Pa. 

Spring  Place;  Ga 

Spring  Point,  111 

Springport,  Mich 

Springport,  Mich 

Springport,  N.Y 

Spring  Prairie,  Wis 

Spring  Ranch,  Neb 

Spring  River,  Ark 

Spring  River,  Ark 

Spring  River,  Mo 

Spring  Rock,  Iowa 

Springs,  Mont 

Springtown,  Tex 

Springvale,  Iowa 

Springvale,  Kan 

Springvale,  Mich 

Springvale,  Minn 

Springvale,  S.D 

Springvale,  Wis 

Springvale,  Wis 

Spring  Valley,  Ala 

Spring  Valley,  Cal 

Spriug  Valley,  Col 

Spring  Valley,  111 

Spring  Valley,  Iowa..... 

Spring  Valley,  Iowa 

Spring  Valley,  Iowa.... 

Spring  Valley,  Kan 

Spring  Valley,  Kan 

Spring  Valley,  Minn.... 
Spring  Valley,  Minn.... 

Spring  Valley,  Miss 

Spring  Valley,  Mo 

Spring  Valley,  N.Y 

Spring  Valley,  0 

Spring  Valley,  0 

Spriug  Valley,  Ore 

Spring  Valley,  S.D 

Spring  Valley,  S.D 

Spring  Valley,  Wis 

Springville,  Ala 

Springville,  Iowa. 

Springville,  Ky 


Rank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

borough 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

wanl 

ward 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

po8t-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Breathitt 

Cherokee 

Jefierson 

Je£ferson 

Furnas 

Alleghany.... 

York 

Emery 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Warren 

Wayne 

Linn 

Houston 

Houston 

Harlau 

York 

Green 

Barbour 

Butler 

Marengo , 

Pickens 

Mobile 

Pike 

Drew , 

Hempstead.... 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Hickman , 

Rapides , 

Vermilion , 

Stearns , 

Wilson 

Fayette 

Greene 

Sumter 

Champaign..., 

Hand 

Laclede 

Nash 

Tazewell , 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Scott 

Sheridan , 

Hand , 

Hanson 

Hyde 

Kingsbury 

Walworth 

Utah 

Pierce , 

Montgomery. 

Murray , 

Cumberland.., 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Cayuga 

Walworth 

Clay 

Lawrence 

Randolph 

Lawrence 

Clinton 

Beaver  Head.. 

Parker. 

Humboldt 

Pratt„ 

Charlevoix 

Isanti 

Campbell 

Columbia 

Fond  du  Lac.. 

Colbert 

San  Diego 

Douglas 

Bureau 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Monona 

Cherokee 

McPherson.... 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Webster 

Shannon ........ 

Rockland 

Greene 

Greene 

Polk 

Clark 

McCook 

Rock 

Saint  Clair 

Linn 

Greenup 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


632 


1,363 
158 
267 


4,110 


1,090 

450 

1,400 


1,028 

1,281 

293 


208 
1,166 
3,610 
1,288 
2,636 
1,332 

806 
1,010 

967 
2,649 
1,291 

502 

622 
1,307 
1,340 

648 

936 
1,658 
1,721 
1,950 

151 


506 


939 
2,384 
1,372 
1,166 


167 

843 

788 

234 

875 

1,468 

385 

2,125 

1,107 

447 

649 

245 

1,463 

1,431 


166 
606 
83 
336 
360 


680 

1,158 

307 


1,836 
457 

2,499 
668 
850 

1,256 

1,488 
209 
810 

1,562 
376 


1,172 

1,831 

365 

321 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880  AND    1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Springville,  Mich 

Spriiigville,  N.Y 

Spriugrille,  Pa. 

Springville,  Utah 

Springville,  Utah 

Springville,  Wis 

Springwater,  Minn 

Springwater,  N.Y 

Springwater,  Ore 

Spri  ngwater,  Wis 

Springwells,  Mich 

Spruce,  Mo 

Spruce  Grove,  Minn.... 

Spruce  Hill,  Minn 

Spruce  Hill,  Pa 

Spruce  Valley,  Minn.... 

Spurr,  Mich 

Squaw,  Iowa 

Squaw  Grove,  111 

Squaw  Valley,  Cal 

Srygley,  Ala 

Stacyville,  Iowa 

Stafford,  Ala 

Stafford,  Conn 

Stafford,  Ind 

Stafford,  Ind 

Stafford,  Kan 

Stafford,  Kan 

Stafford,  N.J 

Stafford,  N.Y 

Stafford  Pond,  Fla 

Stafford  Springs,  Conn- 
Stage  Pond,  Fla 

Staggs'  Creek,  N.O 

Stag  Hall,  Ga 

Stambaugh,  Mich 

Stamford,  Conn 

Stamford,  N.Y 

Stamford,  N.Y 

Stamford,  N.Y 

Stamford,  Vt 

Stamp  Creek,  Ga 

Stamper,  Ind 

Stamping  Ground,  Ky.. 
Stamping  Ground,  Ky.. 

Stanardsville,  Va 

Stanardsville,  Va 

Stanberry,  Mo 

Stanchfleld,  Minn 

Standard,  Tenn 

Standing  Rock,  Tenn... 

Standing  Stone,  Pa 

Staudish,  Me 

Standigh,  Mich 

Standish,  Mich 

Stanfold,  Wis 

Stanford,  111 

Stanford,  111 

Stanford,  Ky 

Stanford,  Ky.... 

Stanford,  Minn 

Stanley,  Ark 

Stanley,  Minn 

Stanley,  N.D 

Stanley,  Va 

Stanley,  Wis 

Stanley  Basin,  Idaho... 

Stannard,  Vt 

Stansell,  Ga 

Stanton,  Del 

Stanton,  111. 

Stanton,  Iowa 

Stanton,  Iowa 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Kan 

SUinton,  Ky 

Stiiiiton,  Mich 

Stanton,  Minn 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stnnton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Wis 

Stanton,  Wis 

Stanton  Depot,  Tenn.... 

Stantonsburg,  N.C 

Stanwood,  Iowa 

Stanwood,  Wash 

Staples,  Minn 

Stapleton,  Ga 

Stapleton,  Iowa. 

Star,  Kan 

Star,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

poBt-twp 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

townstiip 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post- town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wexford , 

Erie 

Susquehanna,  c 

Utah 

Utah 

Adams. 

Rock 

Livingston 

Clackamas 

Waushara. 

Wayne 

Bates 

Becker 

Douglas 

Juniata 

Marshall 

Baraga 

Warren 

DeKalb 

Siskiyou 

Colbert 

Mitchell 

Cherokee 

Tolland 

De  Kalb 

Greene 

Stafford 

Stafford 

Ocean 

Genesee 

Levy 

Tolland 

Citrus 

Ashe 

Warren 

Iron 

Fairfield 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Bennington 

Bartow 

Orange 

Scott 

Scott 

Greene 

Greene 

Gentry 

Isanti 

Campbell 

Stewart 

Bradford 

Cumberland.... 

Arenac 

Arenac 

Barron 

Clay 

McLean 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Isanti 

Arkansas 

Lyon 

Cass 

Warwick 

Barron 

Custer 

Caledonia 

Newton 

New  Castle 

Champaign 

Montgomery  .. 

Plymouth 

Linn 

Miami  

Ottawa 

Stanton 

Powell 

Montcalm 

Goodhue 

Antelope 

Colfax 

Fillmore 

Stanton 

Stanton 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Haywood 

Wilson 

Cedar 

Snohomish 

Todd 

Jefferson 

Chickasaw 

Coffey 

Antrim 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


150 
1,227 
1,410 
2,312 
2,312 
437 
198 
2,279 


577 
7,960 
1,124 


231 
1,007 


120 

807 

1,224 


466 
914 


4,455 
509 

1,141 
876 


1,008 

1,808 

368 

2,081 


1,287 
1,395 


11,297 
1,638 

822 
2,092 

726 

522 

921 
2,266 

233 
2,227 

308 
1,207 

491 


795 
815 

2,035 
862 
246 
564 

1,268 
353 

4,551 

1,213 
360 
110 
188 


697 


252 
1,189 
153 
1,057 
247 
528 
689 
904 


1,460 

1,760 
512 


333 
403 

1,383 
248 
967 
752 
254 

1,152 
264 


2,198 

1,287 

436 


306 

1,883 

1,177 

2,849 

2,849 

474 

415 

2,085 

291 

541 

7,790 

1,002 

157 

530 

935 

212 

269 

769 

1,314 

70 

446 

915 

461 

4,535 

476 

1,304 

1,075 

640 

1,095 

1,625 

209 

2,353 

92 

1,422 

1,719 

711 

15,700 

1,940 

819 

1,859 

645 

459 

1,001 

2,521 

311 

2,114 

330 

2,035 

759 

359 

714 

758 

1,841 

883 

611 

689 

1,245 

389 

4,770 

1,385 

531 

217 

198 

704 

673 

748 

26 

239 

1,103 

229 

847 

399 

775 

635 

887 

510 

345 

1,699 

1,362 

642 

273 

897 

62:i 

2,210 

867 

1,113 

758 

260 

904 

302 

803 

842 

2,844 

1,234 

641 

3S0 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Star,  Ore 

Star,  S.D 

Starbuck,  Minn 

Star  City,  Ark 

Star  Hill,  Ark 

Stark,  Me 

Stark,  Minn 

Stark,  Mo 

Stark,  N.H 

Stark,  N.Y 

Stark,  Wis 

Starke,  Fla 

Starke,  Fla 

Starkey,  Neb 

Starkey,  N.Y 

Starkey,  Ore 

Starksborough,  Vt 

Starkville,  Col 

Starkville,  Miss 

Star  Lake,  Minn 

Starlington,  Ala 

Star  Prairie,  Wis 

Starr,  Kan 

Starr,  O 

Starr,  S.D 

Starrucca,  Pa 

State  Centre,  Iowa 

State  Centre,  Iowa 

State  Creek,  Ore 

State  Line,  Ga 

State  Line,  Ind 

State  Line,  Kan 

State  Line,  Miss 

Stately,  Minn 

Statenville,  Ga 

State  Road  Fork,Ky.... 

Statesborougb,  Ga 

Statesborough,  Ga 

Statesburg,  S.C 

Statesville,  N.C 

Statesville,  N.C 

Station  Belden,  Tex 

Station  Camp,  Ky 

Staton,Ky 

Staunton,  111 

Staunton,  111 

Staunton,  Ind 

Staunton,  O 

Staunton,  Va 

Staunton,  Va 

Staunton,  Va 

Staunton,  Va 

Stayton,  Ore 

Stayton,  Ore 

Steady  Run,  Iowa 

Steamboat,  Ore 

Steamboat  Rock,  Iowa 
Steamboat  Springs,  Col. 
Steamer  Arctic,  Alaska 

Steam  Mill,  Ac,  Ga 

Stecoah,  N.C 

Steel,  Ark 

Steel  Creek,  Neb 

Steel  Creek,  N.C 

Steele,  Ind 

Steele,  N.C 

Steele,  N.C 

Steele,  N.D 

Steele,  W.  Va 

Steele  City,  Neb 

Steeleville,  111 

Steeleville,  III 

Steeley  Store,  Ala 

Steel  Station,  Ala 

Steelton,  Pa 

Steelville,  Mo 

Steen,  Ind 

Steene,  Neb 

Steen's  Creek,  Miss 

Steep  Creek,  Ala 

8teerpen,8.C 

Steilacoom,  Wash 

Steilacoom  City,  Wash. 

Steinauer,  Neb 

Steiner  Store,  Ala. 

Stella,  Neb 

Stellaville,  Gs 

Stellaville,  Ga 

Stemple,  Mont 

Stemton,  Pa.  

Stena,  S.D 

Stephen,  Minn 

Stephens,  Ark 

Stephensburg,  Ky 

Stephens  City,  Va. 

Stephenson,  IlL. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
township 
post-vill 
post-Till 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
precinct 
post-vill 
precinct 
post-town 
post- 
post' 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
post-prect 
post-twp 
township 


;-prect 
-town 


post-twp 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-beat 

post-twp 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

iiamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

l)08t«vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-beat 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 


Conuty. 


Malhenr 

Clay 

Pope 

Lincoln 

Washington.. 

Somerset 

Brown 

Hickory , 

Coos 

Herkimer 

Vernon 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Hitchcock 

Yates 

Union 

Addison , 

Las  Animas.. 
Oktibbeha .... 

Otter  Tail 

Butler 

St.  Croix 

Cloud 

Hocking 

Hutchinson.., 

Wayne 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Josephine 

Heard 

Warren 

Sherman 

Greene 

Brown 

Echols 

Magoffin 

Bulloch 

Bulloch 

Sumter 

Iredell 

Iredell 

Morris 

Estill 

Marshall 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Clay 

Miami 

Augusta 

Bedford 

Halifax 

Pittsylvania.. 

Marion 

Mtu-ion 

Keokuk 

Jackson 

Hardin 

Routt 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Muscogee 

Graham 

Lafayette.... 

Holt 

Mecklenburg... 

Daviess 

Richmond 

Rowan 

Kidder 

Wood 

Jefferson 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Mobile 

Saint  Clair 

Dauphin 

Crawford 

Knox 

Cherry 

Rankin 

Lowndes 

Chesterfield 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Pawnee 

Butler. 

Richardson 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
Northampton... 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Ouachita _ 

Hardin 

Frederick 

Marion 


929 
613 
667 
690 

1,476 
954 

1,517 
292 


2,729 
1,249 


1,500 
180 
519 
788 
665 

1,411 


635 
1,639 
880 
301 
940 
268 


942 

153 

594 

942 

1,036 

29 

3,061 

2,967 

1,062 


1,454 

1,917 

2,797 

1,358 

581 

1,292 

6,664 

4,321 

4,218 

4,810 

467 

226 

866 


623 


1,747 
561 


2,022 
1,415 
2,303 


2,567 
375 

1,499 
490 
.333 
730 

2,447 
410 

1,216 


3,649 
1,695 
2,080 


250 
518 
848 


1,620 
74 


2,402 


814 

211 


65 

630 

224 

204 

617 

766 

623 

1,128 

703 

1,248 

1,033 

1,989 

669 

232 

2,862 

130 

1,070 

928 

1,725 

150 

623 

761 

1,226 

1,602 

357 

431 

1,650 

864 

311 

1,051 

201 

377 

940 

211 

614 

1,463 

1,845 

425 

3,120 

4,146 

2,318 

309 

2,013 

2,224 

5,285 

2,209 

549 

1,255 

6,975 

4,105 

4,674 

4,978 

661 

381 

986 

58 

367 

420 

27 

1,576 

972 

1,221 

374 

2,152 

1,599 

2,123 

951 

133 

2,663 

380 

1,557 

401 

286 

796 

9,260 

591 

1,355 

96 

4,435 

1,432 

1,964 

878 

270 

446 

622 

399 

1,781 

100 

26 

743 

268 

266 

379 

2,419 

443 

762 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Stephenson,  Ky 

Stephenson,  Mich 

Stephenson,  Mich 

Stephensport,  Ky 

Stephentown,  N.Y 

StepheuTille,  Tex 

Stepping  Rock,  Ky 

Sterling,  Ala 

Sterling,  Col 

Sterling,  Col 

Sterling,  Conn 

Sterling,  111 

Sterling,  111 

Sterling,  Ind 

Sterling,  Kan 

Sterling,  Kan 

Sterling,  Kan 

Sterling,  Mass 

Sterling,  Mich 

Sterling,  Minn 

Sterling,  Neb 

Sterling,  N.Y 

Sterling,  N.D 

Sterling,  0 

Sterling,  Pa 

Sterling,  S.D 

Sterling,  Utah 

Sterling,  Wis 

Sterling,  Wis 

Sterling  Mills,  N.C 

Sterliiigville,  Ore 

Stern,  Ala 

Sterrett,  Pa 

Stetson,  Me 

Stettin,  Wis 

Steuben,  III 

Steuben,  Ind 

Steuben,  Me 

Steuben,  N.Y 

Steuben,  Pa 

Steubenville,  0 

Steubenville,  0 

Stevens,  Minn 

Stevens,  Mont 

Stevens,  N.D 

Stevensburg,  Va 

Stevens  Creek,  Neb 

Stevenson,  Ala 

Stevenson,  Ala 

Stevens'  Point,  Wis 

Stevens'  Point,  Wis 

Stevensville,  Md 

Stevensville,  Va 

Stewardson,  111 

Stewrardson,  Pa 

Stewart,  Col 

Stevrart,  Ky 

Stewart,  Minn 

Stewart,  Neb 

Stewart,  Pa 

Stewart,  Tenn 

Stewart  Creek,  N.C 

Stewart  Creek,  N.C 

Stewartsdale,  N.D 

Stewart  Station,  Ala. ... 

Stewartstown,  N.H 

Stewartstown,  Pa 

Stewartsville,  Ky 

Stewartsville,  Mo 

Stewartsville,  N.C 

Stickney,  Mont 

Stiles,  Wis 

Stiles,  Wis 

Stillaguamish,  Wash.... 

Still  Pona,Md 

Stillwater,  Ky 

Stillwater,  Minn 

Stillwater,  Minn 

Stillwater,  Mont 

Stillwater,  Neb 

Stillwater,  N.J 

Stillwater,  N.Y 

Stillwater,  N.Y 

Stillwater,  Okla 

Stinking  Creek,  Ky 

Stites,  111 

Stock,  0 

Stock,  0 

Stockbridge,  Ga 

Stockbridge,  Ga 

Stockbridge,  Mass 

Stockbridge,  Mich 

Stockbridge,  Mich 

Stockbridge,  N.Y 

Stockbridge,  Vt 

Stockbridge,  Wis 

212 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 


County. 


Kenton 

Menomineo 

Menominee..... 
Breckenridge... 

Bensselaer , 

Erath 

Laurel , 

Cherokee. 

Logan 

Logan 

Windham , 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Crawford 

Hodgeman 

Bice 

Bice 

Worcester 

Macomb 

Blue  Earth 

Johnson 

Cayuga 

Burleigh , 

Brown 

Wayne , 

Brookings 

San  Pete 

Polk 

Vernon 

Bobeson , 

Jackson 

Lamar 

Alleghany 

Penobscot 

Marathon 

Marshall 

Warren 

Washington 

Oneida 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Stevens 

Missoula 

Bamsey 

Culpeper 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Portage 

Portage 

Queen  Anne's.. 
King  &  Queen. 

Shelby 

Potter 

Kiowa 

Christian 

McLeod «... 

York 

Fayette 

Houston 

Harnett 

Surry 

Burleigh 

Hale 

Coos , 

York 

Grant 

De  Kalb 

Richmond 

Cascade 

Oconto 

Oconto 

Snohomish 

Kent 

Wolf 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 
Yellowstone.... 

Webster 

Sussex 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Payne 

Knox 

Saint  Clair 

Harrison 

Noble 

Henry 

Henry 

Berkshire 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Madison 

Windsor 

Calumet 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,109 
1,222 
180 
218 
1,986 
725 
351 


957 
5,837 
5,087 
1,992 

529 
1,702 
1,014 
1,414 
2,088 

704 
1,378 
3,034 


1,662 
705 


216 

406 

1,382 

1,313 

171 


2,366 

729 

684 

1,088 

1,315 

1,165 

1,223 

782 

13,150 

12,093 

101 


2,655 
357 


241 

869 
4,449 

124 
3,982 

385 

223 


1,381 

80 


1,497 

92 

1,3.31 

1,159 

'41 

958 
303 
784 
537 
3,552 


323 


194 

946 

693 

9.055 


589 
1,502 
3,412 

877 


1,015 


713 
1,643 
1,178 


2,367 
1,003 
160 
2,023 
1,124 
2,172 


2,177 
2,279 
456 
262 
1,764 
909 
639 


640 

1,051 

6,655 

5,824 

2,200 

395 

2,522 

1,641 

1,244 

2,038 

730 

1,720 

2,959 

196 

1,431 

710 

393 

296 

667 

1,152 

1,661 

87 

736 

1,182 

618 

962 

1,024 

1,027 

982 

1,005 

997 

16,852 

13,394 

240 

1,568 

232 

2,855 

560 

1,451 

586 

895 

7,896 

187 

3,662 

617 

483 

42 

1,291 

166 

996 

1,694 

162 

1,517 

1,376 

68 

266 

1,002 

441 

810 

557 

4,824 

97 

868 

466 

739 

268 

998 

1,085 

11,260 

138 

676 

1,296 

3,868 

747 

480 

1,012 

793 

714 

1,363 

1,655 

287 

2,132 

1,276 

497 

1,845 

894 

1,948 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Stockham,  Neb 

Stockholm,  Iowa. 

Stockholm,  Minn 

Stockholm,  N.Y 

Stockholm,  S.D 

Stockholm,  Wis 

Stocking,  Neb 

Stockland,  111 

Stockport,  N.Y 

Stockport,  O 

Stockton,  Ala 

Stockton,  Ala 

Stockton,  Cal 

Stockton,  Ga 

Stockton,  Ga 

Stockton,  111 

Stockton,  111 

Stockton,  Ind 

Stockton,  Kan 

Stockton,  Kan 

Stockton,  Md 

Stockton,  Mo 

Stockton,  Neb 

Stockton,  N.J 

Stockton,  N.Y 

Stockton,  Utah 

Stockton,  Utah 

Stockton,  Wis 

Stockton  Springs,  Me... 
Stockton  Valley,  Tenn.. 

Stockville,  Neb 

Stockville,  Neb 

Stoddard,  N.H 

Stohrville,  Kan 

Stokes,  111 

Stokes,  0 

Stokes,  O 

Stokes  Bridge,  S.C 

Stokes  Mound,  Mo 

Stone,  Ark 

Stone,  Ore 

Stoneboro,  Pa 

Stone  City,  Col 

Stone  Coal,  Ky 

Stone  Fort,  111 

Stone  Fort,  111 

Stoneham,  Col 

Stoneham,  Me 

Stoneham,  Mass 

Stoneham,  Minn 

Stonehouse,  Va 

Stone  Lick,  0 

Stone  Mountain,  Ga 

Stone  Mountain,  Ga 

Stouepile,  Ga 

Stoneville,  N.C 

Stonewall,  Ala 

Stonewall,  Ark 

Stonewall,  Ga 

Stonewall,  N.C 

Stonewall,  Tex 

Stonewall,  Va. 

Stonewall,  Va... 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  W.  Va 

Stouingtou,  Conn 

Stonington,  111 

Stouington,  111 

Stony  Battery,  S.C 

Stony  Brook,  Minn 

Stony  Brook,  N.Y 

Stony  Creek,  Ind 

Stony  Creek,  Ind 

Stony  Creek,  Ind 

Stony  Creek,  N.Y 

Stony  Creek,  N.C 

Stony  Creek,  N.C 

Stony  Creek,  N.C 

Stony  Creek,  Pa 

Stony  Creek,  Pa 

Stony  Creek,  Tenn 

Stony  Creek,  Va 

Stony  Fork,  N.C 

Stony  Point,  N.Y 

Stony  Point,  N.Y 

Stony  Bun,  Minn 

Stookey,  III 

Storden,  Minn 

Storm  Lake,  Iowa 

Storrs,  O 

Story  City,  Iowa 

Stoughton,  Mass 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

poet-prect 

township 

city 

mil.^Ust 

post-vlU 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

poet-town 

poBt-twp 

post-town 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 


County. 


Hamilton 

Crawford 

Wright 

Saint  Lawrence 

Grant 

Pepin 

Saunders 

Iroquois 

Columbia 

Morgan 

Baldwin 

Jefferson 

San  Joaquin 

CUnch 

Clinch 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Greene 

Books 

Books 

Worcester 

Cedar 

Lancaster 

Camden 

Chautauqua 

Tooele 

Tooele 

Portage 

Waldo 

Loudon 

Frontier 

Frontier 

Cheshire 

Harper 

Union 

Logan 

Madison 

Darlington 

Carroll 

Faulkner 

Malheur 

Mercer 

Arapahoe 

Pike 

Saline 

Saline 

Weld 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Chippewa 

James  City 

Clermont 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Babun 

Rockingham.... 

Fayette 

Johnson 

Washington 

Pamlicu 

Gillespie 

Appomattox 

Frederick 

Highland 

Rappahannock 

Richmond 

Rockingham.... 

Shenandoah 

Wayne 

New  London.... 

Christian 

Christian 

Newberry 

Grant 

Suffolk 

Henry 

Madison 

Randolph 

Warren 

Caswell 

Nash 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Somerset 

Carter 

Sussex 

Watauga 

Rockland 

Rockland 

Yellow  Med 

Saint  Clair 

Cottonwood 

Buena  Vista 

Hamilton 

Story 

Norfolk 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


640 

1,126 
3,441 


763 
1,804 

979 
1,980 

335 


10,282 

465 

200 

1,208 


1,372 
656 
411 

2,836 
407 
557 

3,093 

515 


1,346 
1,648 

420 


653 

606 

1,236 

1,095 

1,286 
1,300 


381 
1,186 


600 
337 


475 
4,890 


1,219 
1,871 
1,788 
799 
368 
100 
559 


209 


2,743 

3,  .■549 

2,091 

1,766 

1,538 

6,176 

3,226 

1,805 

7,335 

997 

137 

2,628 

281 

649 

947 

1,483 

1,337 

1,253 

1,615 

1,807 

1,492 

881 

1,727 

822 

2,022 

664 

3,308 


630 


209 
1,034 


331 

4,875 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


,atoughton,  Wis 

Stout,  Col 

Stoutsville,  Mo 

Stoutaville,  0 

Stove  Creek,  Neb 

Stow,  Me 

Stow,  Mass 

Stow,  O 

Stow  Creek,  N.J 

Stowe,  Pa • 

Stowe,  Vt 

Stowe  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Stoyestown,  Pa 

Strabau,  Pa 

Strabane,  N.D 

Strafford,  N.H 

Strafford,  Vt 

Strahan,  Neb 

Straight  Creek,  Kan... 

Straight  Creek,  Ky 

Straight  River,  Minn.. 

Strait,  Md 

Straits,  N.C 

Strand,  Minn 

Strang,  Neb 

Strange,  Ga 

Stranger,  Kan 

Strasburg,  111 

Strasburg,  Pa 

Strasburg,  Pa 

Strasburg,  Va 

Stratford,  Conn 

Stratford,  N.H 

Stratford,  N.Y 

Stratham,  N.H 

Stratton,  III 

Stratton,  Neb 

Stratton,  Neb 

Stratton,  Vt 

Stratton  Park,  Col 

Strattonville,  Pa 

Straughn,  Ind 

Strawberry,  Ark 

Strawberry,  Ark 

Strawberry,  Ark 

Strawberry,  Cal 

Strawberry,  Kan 

Strawberry  Point,  Iowa 

Strawn,  111 

Strawn.Tex 

Streator,  111 

Streetsborough,  0 

Strickland,  Ala 

Strohl,  Neb 

Stromsburg,  Neb 

Stronach,  Mich 

Strong,  Kan 

Strong,  Me 

Strong's  Prairie,  Wis 

StrongsTllle,  0 

Stroud,  Ala 

Stroud,  Pa 

Stroudsburg,  Pa 

Stryker.O 

Stuart,  Idaho 

Stuart,  Iowa 

Stuart,  Iowa 

Stuart,  Iowa 

Stuart,  Neb 

Stuart,  Neb 

Stuart,  Va 

Stubbs,  Ark 

Stuckey,  Ala 

Stugarok,  Alaska 

Stump  Sound,  N.C... 

Sturbridge,  Mass 

Sturgeon,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Mo 

Sturgeon,  Va 

Sturgeon  Bay,  Wis... 
Sturgeon  Bay,  Wis... 

Sturgeonville,  Va 

Sturgis,  Ky 

Sturgis,  Mich 

Sturgis,  Mich 

Sturgis,  Miss 

Sturgis,  S.D 

Stuttgart,  Ark 

8tutt8,Ala 

Stuyvesant,  N.T 

Suamico,  Wis 

Sublett,  Idaho , 

Sublette,  111 

Subligna,  Ga. 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

district 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Dane 

Larimer. 

Monroe 

Fairfield 

Cass 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Summit 

Cumberland 

Alleghany 

Lamoille 

Todd 

Somerset 

Adams 

Grand  Forks.... 

Strafford 

Orange 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Harlan 

Hubbard 

Dorchester 

Carteret 

Norman 

Fillmore 

Franklin 

Leavenworth... 

Shelby 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Shenandoah 

Fairfield 

Coos 

Fulton 

Rockingham  ... 

£dgar 

Hitchcock 

Hitchcock 

Windham 

Larimer 

Clarion 

Henry 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Sharp 

San  Diego 

Washington 

Clayton 

Livingston 

Palo  Pinto 

La  Salle 

Portage 

Lamar 

Loup 

Polk 

Manistee 

Chase 

Franklin 

Adams 

Cuyahoga 

Chambers 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Williams 

Ada 

Adair 

Guthrie 

Guthrie 

Holt 

Holt 

Patrick 

Independence.. 
Pickens 


Onslow 

Worcester..., 

Jackson 

Lee 

Owsley 

Boone , 

Brunswick.. 

Door 

Door 

Brunswick .. 

Union 

Saint  Joseph.... 
Saint  Joseph 
Oktibbeha.... 

Meade , 

Arkansas 

Lauderdale.. 
Columbia...... 

Brown 

Cassia. 

Lee 

Chattooga.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,353 


118 
340 
785 
401 

1,045 
911 

1,107 
867 

1,896 
393 
319 

1,712 


1,531 
1,181 


976 
185 


1,379 

1,149 

118 


920 
1,330 

104 
2,011 
1,005 

647 
4,251 
1,016 
1,066 

720 
1,481 


302 


317 
143 


1,420 
358 


1,258 
715 
331 


5,157 
702 


1,091 
621 
324 
6% 
947 

1,029 


1,680 

1,860 

662 


1,994 


2,095 
2,062 
1,000 


920 
656 

2,660 
850 

1,199 


9,677 
2,060 


2,097 
948 


1,104 
1,293 


2,470 

327 

253 

282 

1.120 

291 

903 

936 

972 

3,716 

1,886 

?450 

291 

1,641 

428 

1,304 

932 

515 

696 

185 

157 

1,724 

1,163 

443 

269 

939 

1,102 

258 

1,872 

918 

646 

2,608 

1,128 

997 

680 

1,301 

583 

326 

222 

123 

331 

200 

410 

1,501 

391 

35 

736 

947 

233 

514 

11,414 

707 

998 

359 

2,407 

710 

976 

627 

870 

1,023 

285 

1,565 

2,419 

1,017 

211 

633 

290 

2,052 

1,015 

245 

332 

420 

566 

7 

2,058 

2,074 

1,306 

453 

1,184 

713 

2,922 

1,136 

2,195 

619 

327 

2,989 

2,489 

203 

668 

1,165 

1,486 

1,953 

906 

162 

1,000 

684 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rank  of 

place. 


Sublimity,  Ore 

Sudbury,  Mass 

Sudbury,  Vt 

Sudlersville,  Md 

Suez,  111 

Suffield,  Conn 

Suffleld,  O , 

Suffolk,  Va. 

Sugar,  Ark 

Sugar  Creek,  Ark.... 

Sugar  Creek,  Col 

Sugar  Creek,  Ga 

Sugar  Creek,  111 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Iowa .. 
Sugar  Creek,  Iowa .. 
Sugar  Creek,  Kan.... 

Sugar  Creek,  Mo - 

Sugar  Creek,  Mo 

Sugar  Creek,  Mo 

Sugar  Creek,  0 

Sugar  Creek,  0 

Sugar  Creek,  O 

Sugar  Creek,  O 

Sugar  Creek,  O 

Sugar  Creek,  0. ....... 

Sugar  Creek,  Pa. 

Sugar  Creek,  Pa 

Sugar  Creek,  Wis..... 

Sugar  Fork,  N.C 

Sugar  Grove,  111 

Sugar  Grove,  Iowa.. 

Sugar  Grove,  0 

Sugar  Grove,  Pa 

Sugar  Grove,  Pa 

Sugar  Grove,  W.  Va. 

Sugar  Hill,  Ga 

Sugar  House,  Utah.. 
Sugar  Island,  Mich.. 

Sugar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sugar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sugar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sugar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sugar  Loaf,  111 

Sugar  Loaf,  Kan 

Sugar  Loaf,  N.C 

Sugar  Loaf,  Pa 

Sugar  Loaf,  Pa 

Sugar  Loaf  Spring,  Ark. 

Sugar  Notch,  Pa 

Sugar  Ridge,  Ind 

Sugar  Town,  La 

Sugar  Tree,  Mo 

Sugar  Valley,  Ga 

Sugar  Valley,  Ga 

Suggsville,  Ala 

Sughme,  Neb 

Suisun,  Cal.. 

Suisun  City,  Cal 

Sullivan,  Ark 

Sullivan,  III 

Sullivan,  111 

Sullivan,  III 

Sullivan,  Ind 

Sullivan,  Kan 

Sullivan,  Me 

Sullivan,  Minn.„ 

Sullivan,  N.H 

Sullivan,  N.Y 

Sullivan,  0 

Sullivan,  Pa 

Sullivan,  S.C 

Sullivan,  Wis 

Sullivan,  Wis 

SuUivant,  III 

Sulphur,  Ark 

Sulphur,  Ark 

Sulphur,  Ark 

Sulphur,  Ky 

Sulphur  Ruck,  Ark 

Sulphur  Springs,  Ala... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ala... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  III.... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ind... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ky.... 
Sulphur  Springs,  N.C... 


post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

poBt-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poRt-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post- ward 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 


County. 


Marion ^. 

Middlesex- 

Rutland 

Queen  Anne's.. 

Mercer 

Hartford 

Portage 

Nansemond 

Benton 

Logan 

Douglas 

Fannin 

Clinton 

Boone 

Clinton 

Hamilton 

Montgomery  .. 

Parke 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Cedar 

Poweshiek 

Miami 

BaiTy 

Harrison 

Randolph 

Allen 

Greene 

Putnam 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Venango 

Walworth 

Macon 

Kane 

Dallas 

Fairfield 

Mercer 

Warren 

Pendleton 

Gwinnett 

Salt  Lake 

Chippewa 

Boone 

Cleburne 

Marion 

Sebastian 

Saint  Clair    ... 

Rooks 

Alexander 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Cleburne 

Luzerne 

Clay 

Calcasieu 

Carroll 

Gordon 

Gordon , 

Clarke  

Deuel 

Solano 

Solano 

Sharp 

Livingston 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Sullivan 

Grant , 

Hancock 

Polk 

Cheshire , 

Madison 

Ashland , 

Tioga 

Lawrence 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Ford 

Garland 

Miller 

Seba'ttian 

Henry 

Independence. 

Calhoun 

De  Kalb 

Benton 

Howard 

Montgomery... 

Searcy 

Morgan 

Henrj- 

Edmonson 

Rutherford 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


803 
1,178 

662 

199 

1,072 

3,225 

1,530 

1,963 

659 

694 


602 

2,804 

3,015 

1,410 

2,099 

1,264 

906 

1,181 

2,218 

616 

1,169 

809 

1,774 

676 

7,031 

1,032 

1,588 

1,300 

2,285 

1,462 

2,093 

1,018 

1,923 

980 

436 

80S 

1,125 

262 

655 

1,861 

1,264 

1,408 

738 

554 

1,376 

350 

616 

1,338 


333 

828 

872 

1,390 


1,582 
1,533 
1,945 


1,085 
"*997 


1,944 
554 
844 
1,260 
3,689 
1,305 
2,161 


1,023 
178 
382 

4,803 
795 

1,345 

2,403 
400 

1,357 
717 
196 

2,303 

1,229 

96 

188 

866 


612 
493 
009 
360 
782 
256 
1,733 
1,188 

218 


710 

1,197 

602 

126 

816 

3,169 

1,387 

3,364 

626 

1,026 

225 

669 

2,761 

2,738 

1,546 

1,905 

1,086 

789 

961 

2,260 

039 

982 

777 

1,053 

807 

9,269 

1,010 

1,297 

1,429 

2,782 

1,640 

2,228 

1,070 

2,349 

1,004 

643 

816 

1,016 

275 

654 

1,856 

1,362 

1,740 

1,064 

663 

1,712 

276 

720 

1,201 

1,378 

172 

815 

1,337 

1,864 

322 

2,686 

2,269 

2,417 

527 

1,273 

164 

1,106 

331 

2,140 

499 

1,037 

1,283 

3,840 

1,468 

2,222 

196 

1,379 

238 

337 

4,046 

724 

1,211 

2,218 

329 

1,323 

1,322 

374 

2,382 

1,162 

323 

387 

867 

619 

868 

8«9 

ftB9 

336 

641 

261 

1,10S 

1,287 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sulphur  Springs,  Tex... 

Sulphur  Springs,  Va 

Sulphur  Station,  Tex... 

Sulphur  Well,  Ky 

Sultan,  Wash 

Sumdum,  Alaska 

Summer  Camp,  Alaska 

Summerfield,  Ala 

Summerfield,  Ala 

Summerfield,  111 

Summerfield,  Kan 

Summerfield,  Mich 

Summerfield,  Mich 

Summerfield,  N.C 

Summerfield,  0. 

Summerford,  0. 

Summerford,  0 

Summer  Hill,  N.Y 

Summer  Hill,  Fa 

Summer  Hill,  Pa 

Summer  Lake,  Ore 

Summers,  Ky 

Summerset,  Iowa 

Summer  Shade,  Ky 

Sumraersville,  W.  Va.... 

Summervllle,  Fla 

Summerville,  Ga. 

Summerville,  Ga 

Summerrille,  Ore 

Summerville,  Ore 

Summerville,  Pa 

Summerville,  S.C. 

Summit,  Ala 

Summit,  Ark 

Summit,  Ac,  Cal 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Mich 

Summit,  Mich 

Summit,  Minn 

Summit,  Miss 

Summit,  Mo 

Summit,  Mo 

Summit,  Neb 

Summit,  Neb 

Summit,  Neb 

Summit,  N.J 

Summit,  N.Y 

Summit,  N.D 

Summit,  0 

Summit,  Ore 

Summit,  Ore. 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa. 

Summit,  8.D 

Summit,  S.D 

Summit,  Utah 

Summit,  Wis 

Summit,  Wis 

Summit,  Wis 

Summit  Hill,  Pa 

Summit  Lake,  Minn.... 

Summit  Prairie,  Ore 

Summitt,  111 

Summitville,  Ind 

Sumner,  111 

Sumner,  111 

Sumner,  111 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Me 

Sumner,  Mich 

Sumner,  Minn 

Sumner,  Mo 

Sumner,  N.C 

Sumner,  Ore„ 

Sumner,  S.D 

214 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

po8t-twp 


County. 


Hopkins 

Carroll 

Bowie , 

Jessamine... 
Snohomish. 


Dallas 

Dallas 

Saint  Clair 

Marshall 

Clare 

Monroe 

Guilford 

Noble 

Madison 

Madison 

Cayuga 

Cambria 

Crawford 

Lake 

Muhlenberg ... 

Adair 

Metcalfe 

Nicholas 

Holmes 

Chattooga. 

Chattooga 

Union 

Union 

Jefferson 

Berkeley 

Blount 

Boone 

San  Bernardino 

Adair 

Clay 

Marion 

O'Brien 

Chautauqua. 

Cloud 

Decatur 

Marion 

Saline 

Jackson 

Mason 

Steele 

Pike 

Bates 

Callaway 

Burt 

Butler 

Dakota 

Union 

Schoharie.... 

Bichland 

Monroe 

Benton 

Malheur 

Butler 

Erie 

Crawford 

Potter 

Somerset 

Lake 

Sully.... 

Iron 

Juneau 

Langlade..... 
Waukesha... 

Carbon 

Nobles 

Crook 

Effingham... 

Madison 

Kankakee... 
Lawrence.... 

Warren 

Bremer 

Bremer 

Buchanan.... 

Iowa 

Webster 

Winneshiek. 

Osborne 

Phillips , 

Reno 

Sumner. 

Wichita 

Oxford 

Gratiot 

Fillmore ..... 

Chariton 

Guilford 

Coos 

Spink , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,854 
2,662 


100 


1,354 


640 


195 

1,829 

918 

435 

958 

323 

1,028 

619 

1,202 

146 

1,923 

1,080 

170 

1,071 


1,820 
340 
800 


348 
1,371 


341 


648 
231 
1,412 
161 
762 
977 


421 
148 
999 
387 
536 
1,604 
789 


377 
435 


1,910 
1,405 


914 
153 


1,266 
1,047 
1,058 
202 
1,851 


123 
1,014 


1,138 


68 


1,114 
400 
1,014 
1,021 
948 
996 
285 
686 
811 
959 
863 
923 


536 
401 


1,014 

1,358 

900 


1,074 
158 


3,038 

3,200 

246 

137 

236 

42 

44 

1,255 
.383 
557 
102 
147 

1,868 
975 
682 
904 
282 
864 
602 

1,040 
106 

1,843 

1,407 
210 

1,274 
148 

2,276 
560 

1,275 
280 
335 

2,219 
904 
425 
658 

1,327 
480 

1,137 
798 
891 
932 
312 
488 
178 
967 
508 
658 

1,587 
849 

1,540 
524 
635 
399 

3,502 

1,399 
511 
861 
238 
133 

1,287 
903 

1,008 
176 

2,366 
424 
120 
143 
980 
270 

1,130 

2,816 
148 
60 
941 
762 
918 

1,037 
891 

1,667 
861 
626 
727 
751 
806 
863 
415 
401 
545 
65 
901 

1,371 
824 
286 

1,143 
261 
443 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sumner,  Wash 

Sumner,  Wash 

Sumner,  Wis 

Sumner,  Wis 

Sumner,  Wis 

Sumner's,  Kan 

Sumpter,  Ark 

Sumpter,  111 

Sumpter,  Mich 

Sumpter,  Ore 

Sumpter,  Wis 

Sumter,  Minn 

Sumter,  S.C 

Sumter,  S.C 

Sumter  C.-H.,  S.C 

Sumterville,  Ala. 

Sunapee,  N.H 

Sunbright,  Tenn 

Sunbury,  III 

Sunbury,  0 

Sunbury,  O 

Sunbury,  Pa 

Sunbury,  Pa 

Sun  City,  Kan 

Sundahl,  Minn 

Sundance,  Wyo 

Sunderland,  Mass 

Sunderland,  Vt 

Sundown,  Minn 

Sunfield,  Mich 

Sunfish,  0 

Sun  Prairie,  S.D 

Sun  Prairie,  Wis 

Sun  Prairie,  Wis „ 

Sunrise,  Minn 

Sun  River,  Mont 

Sun    River    Leavings, 

Mont 

Sunset,  Col 

Sunset,  Tex 

Sunshine,  Col 

Sunshine,  Neb 

Sunview,  Col 

Sunville,  Pa 

Superior,  Iowa 

Superior,  Kan 

Superior,  Kan 

Superior,  Mich 

Superior,  Mich 

Superior,  Neb 

Superior,  O.. 

Superior,  Wis 

Superior,  Wis 

Surface  Creek,  Col 

Surles,  Ala 

Surratt,  Md 

Surrency,Ga 

Surrey,  Mich 

Surry,  Me 

Surry,  N.H 

Susanville,  Cal 

Susanville,  Ore.. 

Sushetno,  Alaska 

Suspension,  Ala 

Suspension  Bridge,N.Y 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Susquehanna,  S.D 

Sussex,  Va 

Sutersville,  Pa 

Sutherland,  Iowa 

Sutter,  Cal 

Sutter,  Cal 

Sutter  Creek,  Cal 

Sutton,  Kan 

Sutton,  Mass 

Sutton,  Neb 

Sutton,  Neb 

Sutton,  N.H 

Sutton,  O 

Sutton,  Vt 

Sutton,  W.  Va 

Sutton's,  S.C 

Sutton's  Bay,  Mich 

Suver,  Ore 

Suwanee,  Ga 

Svea,  Minn 

Sverdrup,  N.D 

Sverdrup,  N.D 

Sverdrup,  S.D 

Swainsborough,  Ga 

Swamp  Creek,  Ore 

Swampscott,  Mass 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-Till 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-prect 

district 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

village 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

poet-town 


County. 


Pierce 

Pierce 

Barron 

Jefferson 

Trempealeau.... 

Thomas 

Bradley 

Cumberland 

Wayne 

Baker.. 

Sauk 

McLeod 

Sumter 

Williamsburg... 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Sullivan 

Morgan 

Livingston 

Delaware 

Monroe 

Butler 

North  umberl'd 

Barber 

Norman 

Crook 

Franklin 

Bennington 

Redwood 

Eaton 

Pike 

McCook 

Dane 

Dane 

Chisago 

Cascade 


Cascade 

Boulder 

Montague.... 

Boulder 

Lincoln 

El  Paao.„ 

Venango 

Dickinson.... 
McPherson.. 

Osage 

Chippewa..... 
Washtenaw.. 

Nuckolls 

Williams 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Delta 

Crenshaw.... 
Prince  George's 

Tatnall 

Clare 

Hancock 

Cheshire 

Lassen 

Grant 


Bullock 

Niagara. 

Cambria 

Dauphin 

Juniata. 

Lycoming 

Susquehanna... 

Hutchinson 

Sussex 

Westmoreland.. 

O'Brien 

Sacramento 

Sutter 

Amador 

Lane 

Worcester 

Clay 

Clay 

Merrimack 

Meigs 

Caledonia 

Braxton 

Williamsburg... 

Leelanaw 

Polk 

Gwinnett 

Kittson 

Griggs 

McLean 

Minnehaha 

Emanuel 

Wallowa 

Eswx 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


479 
532 
693 


1,979 

1,446 

261 

746 

740 

6,166 

2,757 

2,011 

2,068 

895 


997 

340 
1,660 

243 
4,077 

369 


755 
655 
231 
1,596 
976 


1,620 


271 


108 


634 
1,881 


1,263 
458 

1,846 
655 


1,131 
1,484 
1,159 
1,184 
326 


1,325 

2,476 
949 

2,411 
733 
330 

3,467 


2,166 
490 


1,455 

895 

1,324 


3,105 


993 

4,466 

838 

279 
779 


186 
2"5o6 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Swan,  &c.,  Col 

Swan,  III 

Swan,  Ind 

Swan,  Iowa 

Swan,  Iowa 

Swan,  Kan 

Swan,  Ky 

Swan,  Mo 

Swan,  Neb 

Swan,  Neb 

Swan,  O 

Swan  Creek,  Mich 

Swan  Creek,  Neb 

Swan  Creek,  0 

Swan  Creek,  S.D 

Swau  Lake,  Iowa 

Swan  Lake,  Iowa 

Swan  Lake,  Minn 

Swan  Lake,  Neb 

Swannanoa,  N.C 

Swan  Quarter,  N.C 

Swan  Kiver,  Minn 

Swansborough,  N.C 

Swansborough,  N.C 

Swansea,  Mass 

Swanton,  Neb 

Swanton,  0 

Swanton,  0 

Swanton,  Vt.... 

Swanville,  Me 

Swanwick,  111 

Swanzey,  N.H 

Swatara,  Pa 

Swatara,  Pa 

Swayne,  Ark 

Swea,  Iowa 

Swede,  N.D 

Swede  Creek,  Kan 

Swede  Grove,  Minn 

Sweden,  Me 

Sweden,  N.Y 

Sweden,  Pa 

Swede  Prairie,  Minn.... 
Swedes  Forest,  Minn.... 

Swedona,  111 

Sweet,  Minn 

Sweet  Grass,  Mont 

Sweet  Home,  Mo 

Sweet  Home,  Ore 

Sweetland,  Iowa 

Sweet  Owen,  Ky 

Sweet  Springs,  Mo 

Sweet  Springs,  W.  Va.. 

Sweet  Water,  Ala 

Sweet  Water,  Col 

Sweet  Water,  Tenn 

Sweet  Water,  Tenn 

Sweet  Water,  Tex 

Swenoda,  Minn 

Swepsonville,  N.C 

Swerdrup,  Minn 

Swetlaya  Retchka,  Alas 

Swift  Creek,  N.C 

Swift  Creek,  N.C 

Swift  Creek,  N.C 

Swift  Creek,  S.C 

Swimming  Pens,  S.C... 

Swingle,  Tenn 

Switzerland,  O 

Sycamore,  111 

Sycamore,  111 

Sycamore,  Kan 

Sycamore,  Kan 

Sycamore,  Ky 

Sycamore,  O 

Sycamore,  0 

Sycamore,  0 

Sydney,  Fla 

Sykeston,  N.D 

Sylacauga,  Ala 

Sylacauga,  Ala 

Sylamore,  Ark 

Sylva,  N.C 

Sylvan,  Mich 

Sylvan,  Mich 

Sylvan,  Wis -. 

Sylvan  Grove,  Ala 

Sylvania,  Ga 

Sylvania,  Mo 

Sylvania,  0 

Sylvania,  O 

Sylvania,  Pa 

Sylvania,  Pa 

Sylvester,  Wis 

Sylvia,  Kan 

Sylvia,  Eao 


Rank  of 
place. 


po«t-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post- vl  II 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

lK)8t-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 


County. 


Summit 

Warren 

Noble 

Marion 

Marion , 

Smith 

Calloway 

Taney 

Deuel 

Holt 

Vinton 

Saginaw 

Saline 

Fulton 

Walworth 

Emmet 

Pocahontas... 

Stevens , 

Hayes , 

Buncombe.... 

Hyde 

Morrison 

Onslow , 

Onslow 

Bristol 

Saline 

Fulton 

Lucas 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Perry 

Cheshire 

Lebanon 

Dauphin 

Mississippi ... 

Kossuth 

La  Moure 

Riley 

Meeker 

Oxford 

Monroe 

Potter 

Yellow  Med.. 

Redwood 

Mercer 

Pipestone.»... 

Park 

Clarke 

Linn 

Muscatine .... 

Owen 

Saline 

Monroe 

Marengo 

Garfield 

Cocke 

Monroe 

Nolan 

Swift 

Allamance.... 
Otter  Tail 


Edgecombe  ... 

Pitt 

Wake 

Darlington 

Sumter 

Unicoi 

Monroe 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Butler 

Montgomery . 

Johnson 

Hamilton 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Hillsborough.. 

Wells 

Talladega 

Talladega 

Stone 

Jackson 

Osceola 

Washtenaw... . 

Richland 

Dale 

Screven 

Scott 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Bradford 

Potter 

Greene 

Reno 

Beno. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,137 
1,630 
1,000 


1,938 
1,239 


1,095 
369 
613 

1,628 


61 

93 

210 


1,238 
1,178 

560 
1,597 

128 
1,355 


335 

668 

3,079 

703 

941 

1,661 

1,249 

2,841 

172 


689 
657 
474 
5,734 
416 
1.52 
261 
213 
167 


1,053 

269 

1,345 


1,182 

1,660 

922 


777 
677 


200 


276 


2,228 
2,630 
1,726 
1,706 
2,091 

511 
1,226 
4,109 
3,028 

301 
1,669 

671 
6,369 
1,068 

272 


744 


366 

2,260 

1,035 

752 

314 

841 

1,421 

623 

227 

214 

928 


106 

1,016 

1,707 

1,055 

419 

539 

1,908 

1,875 

265 

124 

1,001 

493 

1,003 

1,791 

181 

161 

899 

412 

207 

1,394 

1,408 

983 

1,866 

233 

1,456 

184 

608 

599 

3,231 

698 

984 

1,600 

1,143 

3,329 

226 

407 

111 

797 

636 

338 

6,201 

766 

304 

370 

159 

241 

167 

1,088 

474 

1,134 

842 

1,137 

1,756 

1,124 

46 

731 

879 

614 

270 

326 

680 

44 

2,173 

2,631 

1,928 

1,933 

2,400 

614 

1,154 

3,929 

2,987 

478 

1,481 

714 

7,460 

1,509 

722 

340 

194 

2,618 

464 

820 

797 

604 

2,268 

1,013 

1,241 

338 

1,308 

1,476 

645 

241 

713 

906 

633 

206 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Symmes,  III 

Symmes,  0 

Symmes,  0 

Symsonia,  Ky 

Synnet*,  Minn 

Syracuse,  Ind 

Syracuse,  Kan 

Syracuse,  Kan 

Syracuse,  Mo 

Syracuse,  Neb. 

Syracuse,  Neb 

Syracuse,  N.Y 

Syracuse,  Ore 

Syracuse,  Utah 

Taberg,N.Y 

Tabernacle,  Ga 

Tabernacle,  N.C 

Tabernacle,  S.C 

Table,  &c..  Neb 

Table,  Neb 

Table  Bluff,  Cal 

Table  Mound,  Iowa 

Table  Rock,  Cal 

Table  Bock,  Cal 

Table  Rock,  Col 

Table  Rock,  Neb 

Table  Rock,  Neb 

Table  Rock,  Ore 

Tabor,  Iowa.... 

Tabor,  Minn 

Tabor,  Mo 

Tabor,  Neb 

Tacoma,  Wash 

Tadmor,  Ga 

Taghkanick,  N.Y 

Tails  Creek,  Ga 

Tainter,  Wis 

Taitsville,  Mo 

Tajique,  N.M 

Takashki,  Alaska 

Talbert,  S.C 

Talbotton,  Ga 

Talcott,  W.  Va 

Talcott,  W.  Va 

Talent,  Ore 

Talking  Rock,  Ga 

Talking  Rock,  Ga 

Talkington,  III 

Talladega,  Ala 

Talladega,  Ala 

Talladega,  Ark 

Tallahala,  Miss 

Tallahassee,  Fla 

Tallahatta  Spring8,Ala. 

Tallapoosa,  Ga 

Tallapoosa,  Ga... 

Tallapoosa,  Ga 

Tallassee,  Ala 

Tallassee,  Ala 

Talleyrand,  Kan 

Tallmadge,  Mich 

Tallmadge,  0 

Tallokas,  Ga 

Tallula,  III 

Tallulah,  Ga 

Tallulah  Falls,  Ga 

Tally  Ho,  N.C 

Talmage,  Me _ 

Talmage,  Neb 

Taloga,  Kan 

Tama,  Iowa 

Tama,  Iowa 

Tamalco,  111 

Tamaqua,  Pa. 

Tamarac,  Minn 

Tamarack  Mine,  Mich.. 

Tamaroa,  111 

Tammany,  Idaho 

Tamora,  Neb 

Tampa,  Fla 

Tampico,  III 

Tampico,  111 

Tamworth,  N^H 

Tanana,  Alaska 

Tanberg,  Minn 

Taneytown,  Md 

Taneytown,  Md 

Tangent,  Ore „.  .. 

Tangier,  Md 

Tanner,  Ga 

Tanner,  Ga 

Tanner's  Creek,  Va 

Tansem,  Minn 

Tanyard,  Ala 

Tanyut,  Alaska. 

Taopi,  Minn 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

townshi] 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

beat 

city 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

city 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil  -dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

village 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-prect 

district 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

hamlet 

poat-Till 


County. 


Edgar 

Hamilton 

Lawrence.... 

Graves 

Stevens 

Kosciusko .... 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Morgan 

Otoe 

Otoe , 

Onondaga 

Linn 

Davis 

Oneida 

Washington.. 

Randolph 

Aiken 

Cherry 

Dawes 

Humboldt 

Dubuque 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

El  Paso 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Jackson 

Fremont 

Polk 

Saint  Clair.... 
Scott's  Bluff.. 

Pierce 

Hall 

Columbia 

Gilmer 

Dunn 

Bay 

Valencia 


Edgefield 

Talbot 

Summers 

Summers 

■Jackson 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Sangamon 

Talladega 

Talladega 

Jefferson 

Perry 

Leon 

Clarke 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Paulding 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Wilson 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Brooks 

Menard 

Rabun 

Rabun 

Granville 

Washington... 

Otoe 

Morton 

Tama 

Tama 

Bond 

Schuylkill 

Marshall 

Houghton 

Perry 

Nez  Perces 

Seward 

Hillsborough.. 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Carroll 


Wilkin 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Linn 

Somerset 

Coffee 

Washington.. 

Norfolk 

Clay 

Pike- 


Mower.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,521 

1,626 

1,099 

919 

102 

491 


202 

1,138 

610 

61,792 


668 

636 

1,602 

636 


876 

1,176 

696 

633 


1,447 


630 
32() 


961 


1,098 
933 

1,308 
800 
754 
108 


1,268 
1,008 
1.409 


726 


1,064 

6,088 

1,233 

403 

1,005 

2,494 

559 

904 

52 


2,270 

1,182 

676 

1,606 

1,455 

1,012 

646 

854 


3,300 
112 


1,866 
1,289 


6,730 


2,336 


720 
1,066 

424 
1,274 


198 

2,696 

619 


2,491 

485 

1,437 

5,480 


1,163 


1,621 

1,649 

1,062 

882 

197 

618 

454 

324 

187 

1,496 

728 

88,143 

360 

299 

331 

?660 

1,711 

1,060 

599 

363 

828 

1,068 

289 

1,231 

243 

1,312 

673 

613 

603 

388 

726 

211 

36,006 

1,160 

1,062 

660 

442 

90 

360 

80 

1,401 

1,140 

2,175 

288 

567 

571 

141 

923 

6,350 

2,063 

413 

690 

2,934 

607 

3,040 

1,699 

639 

2,867 

1,413 

678 

1,324 

1,445 

1,611 

446 

913 

149 

3,435 

112 

429 

49 

1,926 

1,741 

1,076 

6,054 

340 

768 

2,026 

166 

184 

6,632 

989 

429 

1,026 

203 

324 

2,678 

666 

401 

2,062 

1,017 

1,692 

4,966 

614 

1,1«4 

37 

116 


215 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Taopi,  S.D po8t-twp 

Taos,  N.M post-vlll 

Tapkak,  Alaska hamlet 

Tappahannock,  Va post-vill 

Tara,  Minu township 

Tara,  Minn township 

Tarborougb,  N.C township 

Tarborough,  N.C post-vill 

Tarentum,  Pa postboro' 

Tarkio,  Iowa township 

Tarkio,  Mo „ township 

Tarkio,  Mo post-vill 

Tarlton,  0 post-vill 

Tarpon  Springs,  Fla precinct 

Tarpon  Springs,  Fla post-vill 

Tarryall,  Col precinct 

Tarry  town,  N.T post-vill 

Tarver,  Ga mil.-dist 

Tate,  Ark township 

Tate,  111 township 

Tate,  O township 

Tates,  Ky mag.-dist 

Tatilak,  Alaska hamlet 

Tatoms,  N.C township 

Taunton,  Mass city 

Tans  Bay,  S.C township 

TauwaXjWash post-prect 

Tavares,  Fla post-prect 

Tavern,  Mo township 

Tawaa,  Mich township 

Tawas  City,  Mich post-vill 

Taycheedali,  Wis post-twp 

Taylor,  Ark township 

Taylor,  111 post-twp 

Taylor,  Ind township 

Taylor,  Ind township 

Taylor,  Ind township 

Taylor,  Ind township 

Taylor,  Iowa township 

Taylor,  Iowa township 

Taylor,  Iowa township 

Taylor,  Iowa township 

Taylor,  Iowa township 

Taylor,  Iowa township 

Taylor,  Mich township 

Taylor,  Minn township 

Taylor,  Mo township 

Taylor,  Mo township 

Taylor,  Mo township 

Taylor,  Mo township 

Taylor,  Neb post-prect 

Taylor,  N.Y post-town 

Taylor,  N.C post-twp 

Taylor,  N.D township 

Taylor,  0 township 

Taylor,  Pa township 

Taylor,  Pa township 

Taylor,  Pa township 

Taylor,  Pa township 

Taylor,  S.D township 

Taylor,  Tex post-town 

Taylor,  Va mag.-dist 

Taylor,  Va mag.-dist 

Taylor  Creek,  0 township 

Taylor  Mines,  Ky post-vill 

Taylor's  Bridge,  Del....  post-town 
Taylor's  Bridge,  N.C...  post-twp 
Taylor  Sch'l  House,Fla.  precinct 
Taylor's  Falls,  Minn....  post-vill 

Taylorsport,  Ky mag.-dist 

Taylorsville,  Ga mil.-dist 

Taylorsville,  Ga post-vill 

Taylorsville,  Ky mag.-dist 

Taylorsville,  Ky post-vill 

Taylorsville,  N.C post-twp 

Taylorsville,  0 village 

Taylorsville,  Utah post-town 

Taylortown,  Tenn civil-dist 

Taylorville,  Ala precinct 

Tiiylorville,  111 township 

Taylorville,  111 city 

Taymouth,  Mich precinct 

Tazewell,  Ga mil.-dist 

Tazewell,  Tenn civil-dist 

Teachey's,  N.C post-vill 

Teardale,  Utah post-prect 

Teays  Valley,  W.  Va....  mag.-dist 

Tebo,  Mo township 

Tecolote,  N.M post-prect 

Tecumseh,  Ala post-prect 

Tecumseh,  Kan post-twp 

Tecumseh,  Mich township 

Tecumseh,  Mich post-vill 

Tecumseh,  Neb city 

Teeketnagmute,Alaska  hamlet 
Teenahotozona,  Alaska  hamlet 

216 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


Minnehaha . 
Taos 


Essex 

Swift 

Traverse 

Edgecombe.... 

Edgecombe 

Alleghany 

Page 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Pickaway , 

Hillsboroughc 
Hillsborough.. 

Park 

Westchester... 

Twiggs 

Scott 

Saline 

Clermont 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


574 

225 


3,746 
1,600 
1,245 
929 
1,715 


425 


3,025 
588 
213 


2,764 


Columbus 

Bristol 

Florence 

Pierce 

Lake 

Pulaski 

Iosco , 

Iosco 

Fond  du  Lac 

Nevada 

Ogle 

Greene 

Harrison 

Howard..  .... 

Owen 

Allamakee... 
Appanoose.... 

Benton 

Dubuque 

Harrison 

Marshall 

Wayne 

Traverse 

Greene 

Grundy 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Loup 

Cortland 

Wilson 

Sargent 

Union 

Blair 

Centre 

Fulton , 

Lawrence 

Hanson 

Williamson... 

Orange 

Scott 

Hardin 

Ohio 

New  Castle... 

Sampson 

Hillsborough 

Chisago 

Boone 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Spencer 

Spencer , 

Alexander.... 
Muskingum.. 

Salt  Lake 

Carter 

Tuscaloosa ... 

Christian 

Christian 

Saginaw 

Marion 

Claiborne 

Duplin 

Pi  Ute 

Putnam 

Henry  

San  Miguel.. 

Cherokee 

Shawnee 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Johnson 


1,247 

21,213 

1,091 


1,232 

1,142 

712 

1,376 

970 

352 

1,589 

1,316 

1,480 

807 

877 

724 

1,006 

1,668 

786 

610 

1,161 


896 

479 

1,212 

856 


993 
782 


1,367 

2,011 

617 


4,849 

2,458 

1,189 

113 


1,706 


1,007 
1,636 


95 
2,045 

537 
1,360 

501 


691 


3,322 
2,237 
1,154 
1,096 
2,348 
56 


1,401 
1,725 


1,011 

2,702 

291 

1,268 


398 

509 

51 

452 

267 

264 

4,335 

1,924 

4,627 

938 

2,061 

1,156 

448 

411 

327 

91 

3,562 

516 

305 

970 

2,713 

1,768 

90 

1,359 

26,448 

1,145 

278 

272 

1,665 

2,349 

1,544 

1,269 

1,156 

314 

1,533 

1,231 

2,090 

796 

785 

884 

839 

1,606 

719 

414 

1,216 

263 

886 

440 

1,369 

671 

392 

815 

863 

142 

1,309 

1,116 

577 

1,062 

1,374 

448 

2,584 

4,787 

3,257 

973 

353 

263 

1,557 

729 

667 

1,669 

873 

87 

1,520 

619 

1,730 

631 

269 

916 

1,399 

4,038 

2,829 

1,579 

625 

1,692 

62 

263 

1,690 

2,160 

525 

1,145 

1,085 

2,784 

283 

1,6.54 

27 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Tefaknaghamute,  Alas. 

Tegner,  Minu 

Tehachapi,  Cal 

Tehama.  Cal 

Teien,  Minn 

Tekamah,  Neb 

Tekamah,  Neb 

Tekoa.Wash 

Tekousha,  Mich 

Tekonsha,  Mich 

Telfer,  N.D 

Telford,  Pa 

Telico,  Ark 

Tell,  Pa 

Tell  City,  Ind 

Teller,  Col 

Telluride,  Col 

Telluride,  Col 

Teloga,  Ga 

Temecula,  Cal 

Temescal,  Cal 

Temescal,  Cal 

Temperance,  Ga. 

Temperance,  Va. 

Templar,  N.M 

Temple,  Ga 

Temple,  Ga 

Temple,  Me 

Temple,  N.H 

Temple,  Tex 

Templeton,  Cal , 

Templeton,  Iowa , 

Templeton,  Mass 

Templeton,  Mo < 

Templeton,  Va 

Tenhassen,  Minn 

Tenino,  Wash 

Ten  Mile,  Kan 

Ten  Mile,  Mo 

Ten  Mile,  Mont 

Ten  Mile,  Ore 

Ten  Mile,  Ore 

Ten  Mile,  Wash 

Ten  Mile,  W.  Va 

Ten  Mile  Lake,  Minn. 
Ten  Mile  River,  Cal.... 

Tennessee,  Ark 

Tennessee,  111 

Tennessee,  111 

Tennessee,  Ky 

Tennessee  Valley,  Ga.. 

Tennille,  Ga 

Tennille,  Ga 

Tenth,  Ga 

Tequesquite,  N.M 

Terra  Alta,  W.  Va. 

Terriice,  Utah 

Terraville,  S.  D. 
Terrebonne,  Minn. 
Terre  Haute,  Ind, 
Terre  Hill,  Pa, 

Terrell,  Tex 

Terre  Noire,  Ark 

Terry,  Kan 

Terry,  Pa 

Terry,  Wash , 

Tescot,  Kan , 

Tesnatee,  Ga 

Tesuque,  N.M 

Tesuque,  N.M 

Tete  des  Morts,  Iowa. 

Teton,  Idaho , 

Tetonka,  S.D 

Teutopolis,  111 

Tewksbury,  Mass 

Tewksbury,  N.J 

Texarkana,  Ark 

Texarkana,  Tex 

Texas,  Ala 

Texas,  Ark 

Texas,  Ark 

Texas,  111 

Texas,  Ky 

Texas,  Mich 

Texas,  Mo 

Texas,  0 

Texas,  Pa 

Texas,  Wis 

Texas  Creek,  Col 

Texas  Creek,  Col 

Texas  Valley,  Ga 

Thacker,  Ala 

Thacker,  Ark 

Tharp,  Tex 

Thayer,  Kan 

Thayer,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


village 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 


County. 


Kittson 

Kern 

Tehama 

Kittson 

Burt 

Burt , 

Whitman , 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Burleigh... 

Bucks 

Saint  Francis 
Huntingdon.. 

Perry 

Larimer 

San  Miguel... 
San  Miguel... 

Chattooga , 

San  Diego 

Alameda 

San  Bernardino 

Telfair 

Amherst 

Sierra 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Hillsborough 

Bell 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Carroll 

Worcester 

Atchison 

Prince  George 

Martin 

Thurston 

Miama 

Macon 

Jefferson 

Coos 

Douglas 

Whatcom 

Harrison 

Lac-qni-Parle. 

Mendocino 

Grant 

McDonough..., 
McDonough..., 

Caldwell , 

Kabun 

Washington... 
Washington..., 

Murray , 

Mora 

Preston 

Box  Elder 

Lawrence , 

Polk 

Vigo 

Lancaster 

Kaufman 

Clarke 

Finney 

Bradford 

Whatcom 

Ottawa 

White 

Santa  F6 

Santa  V6 

Jackson 

Bingham 

Spink 

Eflingliam 

Middlesex 

Hunterdon 

Miller 

Bowie 

Macon 

Craighead 

Lee 

DeWitt 

Pulaski 

Kalamazoo 

Dent 

Crawford .'. 

Wayne 

Marathon 

Chester. 

Fremont 

Floyd 

Blount 

Lawrence...... 

Montgomery.. 

Neosho 

Oregon 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,824 


1,082 
776 


1,606 
497 


774 
1,068 
2,112 


728 


688 
4,083 


580 
402 


2,789 
986 

1,657 
227 


33 
360 


2,343 
211 
859 
435 

1,083 
262 

1,233 
661 


1,035 


251 

775 

166 

26,042 


2,003 
1,148 


440 


909 


952 
2,179 
2,108 
1,390 
3,223 

561 

200 
1,124 

951 


1,012 
943 
687 

4,260 
468 


1,149 


811 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


¥ 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Thayer,  Neb 

Thayer,  Neb 

Thebeg,  111 

Thedford,  Neb 

The  Islands,  Va. 

Theodure,  Ala 

Theon,  Wash 

Theresa,  N.Y 

Theresa,  N.Y 

Theresa,  S.D 

Theresa,  Wis 

Thetford,  Mich 

Thetford,  Vt 

Thibodeaux,  La. 

ThingVKlla,  N.D 

Thin  Poiut,  Alaska 

Third,  Ga 

Third  Creek,  Mo 

Thief  River  Falls, 

Miun 

Thistle,  Utah 

Thomas,  Ariz 

Thomas,  Kan 

Thomas,  Kan 

Thomas,  Ky 

Thomas,  Mo 

Thoniiis,  W.  Va 

Thomiis  Fork,  Idaho... 

Thomaston,  Conn 

Thomaston,  Conn 

Thomaston,  Ga , 

Thomaston,  Ga 

Thomaston,  Me 

Thomaston,  Tex 

Thomastown,  Mich , 

Thomastown,  Minn , 

Thomastown,  Miss , 

Thomasville,  Ala 

Thomasville,  Ala 

Thomasville,  6a , 

Thomasville,  Ga 

Thomasville,  N.C 

Thomasville,  N.C , 

Thompson,  Ac,  Ala 

Thompson,  Ala 

Thompson,  Ala , 

Thompson,  Ark , 

Thompson,  Conn , 

Thompson,  111 , 

Thompson,  Iowa , 

Thompson,  Mich 

Thompson,  Mich 

Thompson,  Minn , 

Thompson,  Mont 

Thompson,  Mont , 

Thompson,  Neb , 

Thompson,  N.Y 

Thompson,  N.C 

Thompson,  N.C 

Thompson,  0 

Thompson,  0 , 

Thompson,  0 

Thompson,  Pa 

Thompson,  Pa 

Thompson,  Pa 

Thompson  &  Barnes,Ga 
Thompson  Creek,  Miss 
Thompson  Cross  Roads, 

Ala 

Thompson  Mill,  Ala 
Thompsoiitown,  Pa. 
Thompsonville,  111... 

Thomson,  Ga 

Thomson,  Ga 

Thomson,  111 

Thomson,  Minn 

Thomson,  Mo 

Thonotosassa,  Fla.... 
Thordenskjold,  N.D. 

Thorn,  Tenn 

Thornapple,  Mich... 

Thornburg,  Neb 

Thornbury,  Pa 

Thornbury,  Pa 

Thorn  Creek,  Idaho. 
Thorn  Creek.  Ind.... 

Thorndale,  Tex 

Thorndike,  Me 

Thorne,  0 

Thornton,  Ark 

Thornton,  111 

Thornton,  Neb 

Thornton,  N.H 

Thornton,  Tex 

Thorntown,  Ind. 

Thornville,  Ala 

15 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

po8t-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post,  vi  11 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

village 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-beat 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

beat 


precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 


County. 


Thurston 

York 

Alexander... 

Thomas 

Accomack..,. 

Mobile 

Asotin 

Jefiemon 

Jefferson 

Beadle 

Dodge 

Genesee 

Orange 

La  Fourche.. 
Pembina 


Coweta 

Gasconade.. 


Polk 

Utah 

Graham 

Ellsworth 

Grant 

Lee 

Ripley 

Tucker 

Bear  Lake 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Upson 

Upson 

Knox 

De  Witt. 

Saginaw 

Wadena 

Leake 

Bullock 

Clarke 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Blount 

Fayette 

Marshall 

Pike 

Windham 

Jo  Daviess 

Guthrie 

Iosco 

Schoolcraft 

Kittson 

Missoula 

Missoula 

Pierce ,. 

Sullivan 

Alamance 

Robeson 

Delaware 

Geauga 

Seneca 

Fulton „.. 

Susquehanna... 
Susquehanna... 

Jasper 

Perry 


Blount 

Tuscaloosa 

Juniata 

Franklin 

McDuffle 

McDuffie 

Carroll 

Carlton 

Scotland 

Hillsborough.. 

Barnes 

Weakley 

Barry 

Hayes 

Chester 

Delaware 

Latah 

Whitley 

Milam 

Waldo 

Perry 

Calhoun 

Cook- 

Buflalo 

Grafton 

Limestone 

Boone 

Sumter 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


478 


1,662 


2,389 
882 


2,018 
1,400 
1,529 
1,615 


2,380 
1,267 


81 


241 


3,225 


2,047 

570 

3,017 


1,048 

251 

2,066 

1,308 


5,985 

2,555 

3,957 

450 


552 
1,019 
1,153 
5,051 

948 

1,068 

81 


3,763 

1,280 

2,734 

851 

1,021 

1,901 

732 

656 

249 

698 

670 


441 
275 
172 
3,239 
700 
380 
319 


685 
1,946 


262 
943 


1,488 


713 
1,900 


3,337 


775 

182 

1,515 

828 


428 

774 

673 

237 

2,146 

277 

224 

2,391 

1,028 

144 

1,761 

1,372 

1,287 

2,078 

759 

231 

2,406 

1,188 

191 

365 

195 

280 

168 

985 

322 

269 

246 

3,278 

985 

2,429 

1,181 

3,009 

494 

1,200 

387 

2,276 

1,171 

291 

8,757 

5,514 

3,405 

690 

1,767 

659 

1,159 

1,613 

5,580 

955 

1,047 

55 

931 

101 

1,143 

339 

238 

3,462 

1,241 

3,750 

750 

921 

1,634 

796 

667 

302 

961 

1,124 

381 
347 
291 
309 

3,044 
836 
374 
686 

1,221 
558 
260 
664 

1,684 
281 
251 
926 
672 

1,322 

47 

689 

1,696 
406 

5,201 
426 
632 
466 

1,530 
881 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Thornville,  O 

Thorp,  S.D 

Thorp,  Wis 

Thorp,  Wis 

Thorp's  Spring,  Tex.... 

Three  Buck,  Ore 

Three  Forks,  Mont 

Three  Forks,  Ore 

Three  Lakes,  Minn 

Three  Lakes,  Wis 

Three  Mile,  S.C 

Three  Mile,  Utah 

Three  Oaks,  Mich 

Three  Oaks,  Mich 

Three  Rivers,  Mich 

Three  Rivers,  N.M 

Three  Springs,  Pa 

Throckmorton,  Tex.... 

Thrqop,  N.Y 

Thurber,  Tex 

Thurber,  Utah 

Thurman,  Iowa 

Thurman,  Neb 

Thurman,  N.Y 

Thurston,  N.Y 

Thurston,  0 

Tia  Juana,  Cal 

Tiber,  N.D 

Tickanetley,  Ga. 

Ticklesville,  Tenn 

Ticonderoga,  N.Y 

Ticonderoga,  N.Y 

Tidewater,  Ore 

Tidioute,  Pa 

Tiengaghamute,  Alas.. 
Tierra  Amarilla,  N.M. 
Tierra  Blanca,  N.M.... 

Tiffany,  Wis 

Tiffin,  0 

Tiffin,  0 

Tifiin,  0 

Tioga,  Ga 

Tiger  Fork,  Mo 

Tikina,  Idaho 

Tilden,  111 

Tilden,  Iowa 

Tilden,  Kan 

Tilden,  Mich 

Tilden,  Minn 

Tilden,  Pa 

Tilden,  Tex 

Tilden,  Wis 

Tilghmanton,  Md 

Tilmau  Mill,  Ala 

Tilton,  Ga 

Tilton,  Ga 

Tilton,  III 

Tilton,  Ky 

Tilton,  Ky 

Tilton,  N.H 

Timber,  111 

Timber  Creek,  Iowa 

Timber  Creek,  Neb , 

Timber  Hill,  Kan 

Timberline,  Mont 

Timber  Ridge,  W.  Va.. 
Timber  Valley,  Wash.. 

Time,  III 

Timmonsville,  S.C 

Timmonsville,  S.C 

Timpson,  Tex 

Tin  Cup,  Col 

Tingley,  Iowa. 

Tingley,  Iowa 

Tinlcum,  Pa 

Tinicum,  Pa. 

Tinmath,  Col 

Tinmouth,  Vt 

Tinney's  Grove,  Mo 

Tintah,  Minn 

Tintic,  Utah 

Tioga,  Kan 

Tioga,  N.Y 

Tioga,  Pa 

Tioga,  Pa. 

Tionesta,  Ps. 

Tionesta,  Pa 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Iowa. 

Tippecanoe  City,  0 

Tipton,  Ind 

Tipton,  Ind 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

village 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

poet-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

district 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 


County. 


Perry 

Clark 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Hood 

Wallowa 

OallaUn 

Malheur 

Redwood 

Forest 

Barnwell 

Box  Elder 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Saint  Joseph... 

Donna  Ana 

Huntingdon.... 
Throckmorton 

Cayuga 

Erath 

Pi  Ute 

Fremont 

Rock 

Warren 

Steuben 

Fairfield 

San  Diego 

Walsh 

Gilmer 

Gibson 

Essex 

Essex 

Benton 

Warren 


Rio  Arriba... 

Sierra 

Dunn 

Adams 

Defiance 

Seneca 

Rabun 

Shelby 

Logan 

Randolph 

Cherokee 

Osborne 

Marquette 

Polk 

Berks 

McMuUen .... 

Chippewa 

Washington . 

Coffee 

Whitfield 

Whitfield 

Vermilion 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Belknap 

Peoria 

Marshall 

Nance 

Bourbon 

Gallatin 

Morgan 

Klikitat 

Pike 

Florence 

Florence 

Shelby 

Gunnison...... 

Ringgold 

Ringgold 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Larimer 

Rutland 

Ray 

Traverse 

Juab 

Neosho 

Tioga 

Tioga. 

Tioga 

Forest. 

Forest 

Carroll 

Kosciusko 

Marshall 

Pulaski 

Tippecanoe.... 

Henry 

Miami 

Cass 

Tipton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


200 
"267 


102 
M24 


1,393 

474 

2,626 


239 

37 

1,188 


378 


1,174 
1,366 


1,106 

975 

3,304 


86 
1.266 


413 

2,212 
1,526 
7,879 
298 
1,163 


738 
217 
662 
802 


1,680 

397 

785 

206 

297 

986 

94 

1,282 

1,774 

994 


1,211 


843 

"*  182 

1,641 

667 


616 


2,346 
224 


650 

1,861 

3,192 

1,268 

620 

622 

469 

1,174 

1,323 

1,431 

944 

2,182 

1,496 

1,401 

1.982 

1,260 

217 


406 

166 

1,192 

728 

486 

161 

126 

89 

274 

134 

2,452 

303 

1,754 

886 

3,131 

163 

192 

240 

1,056 

978 

273 

395 

103 

1,106 

1,113 

213 

103 

416 

646 

988 

3,980 

2,267 

82 

1,328 

60 

624 

81 

1,118 

2,609 

1,607 

10,801 

528 

1,451 

95 

622 

616 

512 

908 

219 

1,082 

606 

1,313 

1,392 

352 

732 

182 

474 

869 

96 

1,521 

1,636 

942 

327 

1,119 

477 

874 

131 

146 

1,370 

616 

618 

209 

901 

295 

2,098 

188 

400 

436 

77 

168 

2,364 

994 

2,466 

1,424 

667 

647 

677 

1,046 

1,509 

1,466 

981 

2,232 

1,172 

1,465 

2,016 

2,697 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Tipton,  Iowa. 

Tipton,  Iowa. 

Tipton,  Mo 

Tipton,  Neb 

Tiptonville,  N.M 

Tiptonville,  Tenn 

Tisbury,  Mass 

Tisdale,  Ark 

Tisdale,  Kan 

Tishabee,  Ala 

Tiskilwa,  111 

Tittabawassee,  Mich.. 

Titiisville,  Fla 

Tituaville,  Pa 

Tiverton,  O 

Tiverton,  R.I 

Tivoli,  N.Y 

TIegochitnagmute, 

Alaska 

Tobacco,  Mich 

Tobias,  Neb 

Tobin,  Ind 

Tobin,  S.D 

Toboyne,  Pa 

Toby,  Pa 

Tobyhanna,  Pa 

Toccoah,  G& 

Toccoa,  6a 

Toccoa,  Ga , 

Toccopola,  Miss 

Tod,  0 , 

Todd,  <Scc.,  Minn 

Todd,  Pa 

Todd,  Pa 

Todd  Creek,  Neb 

Todd's  Point,  111 

Toe  Biver,  N.C 

Togiagamute,  Alaska 

Togiak,  Alaska , 

Toisnot,  N.C 

Toisnot,  N.C 

Tokna,  Minn 

Toledo,  111 

Toledo,  Iowa 

Toledo,  Iowa 

Toledo,  Kan 

Toledo,  0 

Toledo,  Ore 

Toledo,  Wash 

Toledo,  Wash 

Tolesborough,  Ky 

Tolland,  Conn , 

Tolland,  Mass 

Tolono,  111 , 

Tolono,  111 

Tolstoi  Bay,  Alaska.. 

Toluka,  Ala , 

Tom,  Mo 

Tomah,  Wis , 

Tomah,  Wis 

Tomahawk,  Ark 

Tomahawk,  Ark 

Tomahawk,  Wis 

Tomales,  Cal 

Tomales,  Cal , 

Tombstone,  Ariz 

Tom  Creek,  Ky , 

Tom  Creek,  Ky , 

Tome,  N.M 

Tomichi,  Col , 

Tomkinsville,  Fla , 

Tomlinson,  Ark 

Tompkins,  Ga , 

Tompkins,  111 

Tompkins,  Mich 

Tompkins,  N.Y 

Tompkinsville,  Ky... 

Tonawanda,  N.Y 

Tonganoxie,  Kan 

Tonganoxie,  Kan 

Tonica,  111 

Tonti,  111 

Tontogany,  0 

Tooele,  Utah 

Toomsborough,  Ga.  ... 

Toone,  Tenn 

Topeka,  111 

Topeka,  Kan 

Topeka,  Kan 

Topolnik,  Alaska 

Toponis,  Idaho 

Topsail,  N.C 

Topsfield,  Me 

Topsfleld,  Mass 

Topsham,  Me 

Topsham,  Vt 

218 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

village 

township 

post- town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post'town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill  ' 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 


County, 


Cedar 

Hardin 

Moniteau... 


Mora 

Lake 

Dukes 

Cleveland., 

Cowley 

Greene 

Bureau , 

Saginaw..., 

Brevard 

Crawford.., 
Coshocton., 
Newport... . 
Dutchess... 


Gladwin 

Saline 

Perry 

Davison 

Perry 

Clarion 

Monroe 

Fannin 

Habersham... 
Habersham... 

Pontotoc 

Crawford 

Hubbard 

Fulton 

Huntingdon.. 

Johnson 

Shelby 

Mitchell 


Wilsoii 

Wilson 

Big  Stone 

Cumberland.. 

Tama 

Tama 

Chase 

Lucas 

Benton 

Lewis. 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Tolland 

Hampden 

Champaign... 
Champaign... 


Butler 

Benton 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Marion 

Searcy , 

Lincoln 

Marin 

Marin 

Cochise 

Bell , 

Johnson 

Valencia 

Gunnison 

Citrus , 

Scott , 

Putnam 

Warren 

Jackson 

Delaware 

Monroe , 

Erie 

Leavenworth., 
Leavenworth. 

La  Salle 

Marion , 

Wood 

Tooele 

Wilkinson 

Hardeman 

Mason 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 


Logan 

Pender 

Washington., 

Kssex 

Sagadahoc 

Orange 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,299 
716 


717 


946 
1,618 


849 

1,562 

753 


9,046 

940 

2,505 

1,264 


2,244 


853 
1,272 

838 

521 
1,478 

679 


1,099 


626 
848 

1,190 
507 

1,106 


2,017 
313 
269 


1,746 
1,026 

981 
50,137 

232 


1,434 
1,169 

462 
1,859 

905 


829 
812 
861 
1,245 
351 
485 


1,080 


973 

1,002 

626 


1,606 

793 

1,994 

1,270 

2,534 

3,319 

3,864 

1,831 

426 

604 

900 

343 

1,096 

1,669 

196 

98 

2,233 

15,452 


1,705 
440 
1,165 
1,544 
1,365 


1,699 

1,083 

1,253 

901 

648 

363 

1,606 

767 

698 

1,684 

801 

1,581 

746 

8.073 

909 

2,837 

1,360 

60 

1% 

639 

2,315 

244 

861 

1,161 

630 

868 

2,682 

1,120 

190 

974 

415 

682 

763 

1,216 

600 

1,236 

94 

14 

2,5:« 

482 

323 

676 

2,393 

1,836 

1,024 

81,434 

645 

364 

276 

1,496 

1,037 

393 

1,777 

902 

17 

538 

1,115 

698 

2,199 

461 

674 

1,816 

1,096 

225 

1,876 

1,225 

675 

1,130 

49 

46 

1,093 

787 

1,667 

1,159 

2,626 

2,949 

7,145 

2,036 

673 

473 

964 

175 

1,008 

1,371 

254 

141 

6,774 

31,007 

42 

94 

1,012 

375 

1,022 

1,394 

1,187 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Topton,  Pa 

Toquerville,  Utah 

Torch  Lake,  Mich 

Torch  Lake,  Mich 

Tordenskjold,  Minn 

Toruing,  Minn 

Toro,  La 

Toronto,  Iowa. 

Toronto,  Kan 

Toronto,  Kan 

Toronto,  O 

Toronto,  S.D 

Torreon,N.M 

Torrev,  N.Y 

Torrey  Lake,  S.D 

Torrington,  Conn 

Torrington,  Conn 

Totaro,  Va 

Totten,  Ark 

Totten,  N.D 

Toulon,  111 

Toulon,  111 

Tourtelotte,  Col 

Towaliga,  Ga. 

Towamensing,  Pa. 

Towamensing,  Pa 

Towanda,  111 

Towanda,  III 

Towanda,  Kan 

Towanda,  Kan 

Towanda,  Kan 

Towanda,  Pa. 

Towanda,  Pa. 

Tower,  Minn 

Tower,  Neb 

Tower,  N.D 

Tower  City,  N.D 

Tower  City,  Pa. 

Tower  Hill,  III 

Tower  Hill,  III 

Towie,  Ga 

Towles,  Cal 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga. 

Town,  Ga. 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  W.  Va 

Town  Creek,  Ala 

Town  Creek,  Ala 

Town  Creek,  Gi». 

Town  Creek,  Ga 

Town  Creek,  N.C 

Towner,  Col 

Towner,  N.D 

Townesville,  N.C 

Townsend,  Del 

Townsend,  Ga 

Townsend,  Mass 

Townsend,  Mont 

Townsend,  O 

Townsend,  0 

Townshend,  Vt 

Townville,  Pa 

Towson,  Md 

Toyonok,  Alaska 

Trace  Fork,  Ky 

Tracey,  Ky 

Tracy,  Minn 

Tracy,  Neb 

Tracy  City,  Tenn 

Trade  Lake,  Wis 

Trader  Hill,  Ga 

Traer,  Iowa 

Trail  Creek,  Mo 

Trail  Creek,  Ore 

Trail  Fork,  Ore 

Trails,  Ala 

Trammett's  Cross 

Boads,  Ala 

Tramperas,  N.M 

Tranquilla,  Ga 

Transit,  Minn 

Trap  Hill,  N.C 

Trap  Hill,  W.Va 

Trappe,  Md 

Trappe,  Md 

Trappe,  Md 

Traskwood,  Ark 

Traveller's  Best,  Ala.... 
Traver,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-bo  ro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-ward 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-^ist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

p<i8t-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

district 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 


County. 


Berks 

Washington... 

Antrim 

Houghton 

Otter  Tail 

Swift 

Sabine , 

Clinton 

Woodson , 

Woodson , 

Jefferson 

Deuel , 

Valencia 

Yates , 

Bnil6 , 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Brunswick 

Lonoke , 

Benson , 

Stark , 

Stark , 

Pitkin 

Butts 

Carbon 

Montgomery.. 

McLean 

McLean 

Butler 

Butler 

Phillips 

Bradford 

Bradford 

St.  Louis 

Cherry 

Cass , 

Cass 

Schuylkill 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Jones 

Placer , 

Clay 

Hart 

Murray , 

Newton , 

Pickens 

Bockdale 

Talbot 

Towns 

Walton 

Wilkes 

Raleigh 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Gilmer 

White 

Brunswick 

Kiowa 

McHenry 

Vance 

New  Castle 

Pickens 

Middlesex 

Meagher 

Huron 

Sandusky 

Windham 

Crawford 

Baltimore 


Magofiin.. 

Barren 

Lyon 

Bock 

Grundy... 
Burnett... 
Charlton., 

Tama 

Harrison., 
Jackson... 
Gilliam.... 
Lamar .... 


Chambers.. 

Mora 

Jones 

Sibley 

Wilkes 

Baleigh.. .. 

Talbot 

Talbot 

Wicomico., 

Saline 

Coosa 

Tulare 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


615 
371 
170 


444 
366 
627 


663 


1,245 


2,933 
846 


2,657 
9C7 


1,074 

931 

1,282 

1,255 

261 

662 

63 

267 

1,142 

3,814 


169 


1,478 

391 

496 

225 

1,906 

1,796 

929 

3,346 

1,005 

3,440 

1,944 

642 

1,476 

2,99(J 

1,498 


160 

381 

826 

2,392 


2,007 
199 
668 

1,967 


1,405 
1,697 
1,099 
610 
1,316 


696 

2,699 

322 


680 

403 

1,100 

922 


1,607 


800 

527 
1,653 

961 
4,553 

301 
1,653 

400 
1,074 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Traverse,  Mich 

Traverse,  Minn 

Traverse  City,  Mich.... 

Tredyffrin,  Pa 

Trementina,  K.M 

Tremont,  Cal 

Tremont,  111 

Tremont,  III 

Tremont,  Me 

Tremont,  Mo 

Tremont,  Pa 

Tremont,  Pa 

Trempealeau,  Wis 

Trent,  N.C 

Trenton,  Ga 

Trenton,  Ga 

Trenton,  111 

Trenton,  Iowa 

Trenton,  Kan...„ 

Trenton,  Ky 

Trenton,  Ky 

Trenton,  Mich 

Trenton,  Mo 

Trenton,  Mo 

Trenton,  Neb 

Trenton,  Neb 

Trenton,  N.J 

Trenton,  N.Y 

Trenton,  N.Y 

Trenton,  N.C 

Trenton,  N.C 

Trenton,  0 

Trenton,  S.O. 

Trenton,  S.D 

Trenton,  Tenn 

Trenton,  Utah 

Trenton,  Wis 

Trenton,  Wis 

Trenton,  Wis 

Trescott,  Me 

Tres  Piedras,  N.M 

Tres  Pinos,  Cal 

Triadelphia,  W.  Va 

Triadelphia,  W.  Va 

Triadelphia,  W.  Va 

Triana,  Ala 

Triangle,  N.Y 

Tribune,  Kan 

Tribune,  Kan 

Trjckuui,  Ga 

Trim  Belle,  Wis 

Trimble,  Ala 

Trimble,  O 

Trimble,  0 

Trimble,  Tenn 

Trinachamute,  Alaska. 

Trinchera,  Col 

Trinidad,  Cal 

Trinidad,  Col 

Trinity,  Ala 

Trinity,  N.C 

Trinity,  N.C 

Trinity,  Tex 

Trinity  Centre,  Cal 

Trion,  Ga 

Trion,  Ga 

Triplett,  Mo 

Triplett,  Mo 

Tripp,  S.D 

Trippville,  Ga 

Triumph,  Neb 

Triumph,  Pa 

Trivoli,  111 

Trondhjen,  Minn 

Trotter,  Mo 

Troublesome,  Col 

Troublesome,  Ky 

Troublesome,  Ky 

Troup,  Tex 

Troupsburg,  N.Y 

Trout,  <&c.,Ky 

Trout  Creek,  Ore ; 

Trout  Lake,  Mich 

Trout  Lake,  Wash 

Troutman's,  N.C 

Trowbridge,  Mich 

Troy,  Ala 

Troy,  Ala 

Troy,  Ark 

Troy,  111 

Troy,  111 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 


Rank  of 
place. 


t'Ownship 

township 

post-viU 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

p08t-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

township 

mll.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mll.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Grand  Traverse 

Nicollet 

Grand  Traverse 

Chester 

San  Miguel 

Solano 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Hancock 

Buchanan 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Trempealeau ... 

Lenoir 

Dade 

Dade 

Clinton 

Henry 

Edwards 

Todd 

Todd 

Wayne 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Hitchcock 

Hitchcock 

Mercer 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Jones 

Jones 

Delaware 

Edgefield 

Brookings 

Gibson 

Cache 

Dodge 

Pierce 

Washington 

Washington 

Taos 

San  Benito 

Logan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Madison 

Browne 

Greeley 

Greeley 

Whitfield 

Pierce 

Cullman 

Athens 

Athens 

Dyer 


Las  Animas., 
Humboldt...., 
Las  Animas.. 

Morgan 

Randolph 

Randolph...., 

Trinity. 

Trinity 

Chattooga.... 
Chattooga.... 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Hutchinson., 

Pulaski 

Custer 

Warren , 

Peoria 

Otter  Tail.... 

Carroll 

Grand 

Breathitt 

Perry , 

Smith 

Steuben 

Trimble 

Harney.™ 

Chippewa..... 

Klikitat 

Iredell 

Allegan 

Pike 

Pike 

Mississippi... 

Madison 

Will 

De  Kalb 

Fountain 

Perry 

Perry 

Whitley 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,679 

550 

1,897 

1.976 


636 
1,236 

417 
2,011 
1,318 
1,001 
1,785 
1,667 

949 

524 

255 
1,188 
1,372 

233 
3,568 

162 
1,103 
4,477 
3,312 


29,910 

3,097 

289 

1,173 

149 

899 


1,383 
209 

1,624 
737 

1,890 
552 


800 

983 

3,027 

313 


2,073 


851 
1,148 

956 
1,367 

121 


618 
2,226 


1,518 
240 


279 
1,486 

513 
1,168 

203 


1,076 


1,100 

1,136 

633 


1,031 
1,298 
362 
2,494 
2,114 


71 

1,437 

4,632 

2,294 

776 

648 

1,035 

606 

3,061 

6,495 

495 

924 


4,833 
583 

4,353 

2,549 
288 
440 

1,280 
508 

2,036 

1,237 
771 

2,064 

1,684 

1,130 
629 
378 

1,384 

1,136 
234 

3,a56 
455 
789 

6,242 

5,039 

601 

267 

67,458 

2,709 
-     284 

1,210 
207 
876 
302 
337 

1,693 
246 

1,472 
951 

1,760 
485 
288 

1,471 

1,524 

3,464 
615 

1,823 

1,879 

623 

90 

772 

1,594 
985 

4,966 
440 
428 
20 
294 
483 

5,523 

1,143 

1,873 
380 
856 
318 

1,767 
807 

1,256 
313 
226 

1,742 
362 
941 

1,101 
794 

1,161 
82 

1,o:j4 

? 1,200 

465 

2,174 

2,759 

56 

112 

63 

109 

1,.311 

6,166 

3,449 

1,206 

826 

895 

607 

2,968 

6,996 

564 

946 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Iowa. 

Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Kan 

Troy,  Kan 

Troy,  Me 

Troy,  Mich 

Troy,  Mich 

Troy,  Minn 

Troy,  Minn 

Troy,  Miss 

Troy,  Mo 

Troy,  N.H 

Troy,  N.Y 

Troy,  N.C 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  O 

Trov,  0 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  O 

Troy,  O 

Troy,  Pa 

Troy,  Pa 

Troy,  Pa 

Troy,  S.C 

Troy,  S.D 

Troy,  S.D 

Troy,  S.D 

Troy,  Tenn 

Troy,  Tenn 

Troy,  Tex 

Troy,  Vt 

Troy,  W.  Va 

Troy,  Wis 

Troy,  Wis 

Troy,  Wis 

Troy  Grove,  111 

Troy  Grove,  111 

Truckee,  Cal 

Truckwheel,  Ga 

Trull,  Col 

Truly,  Mont 

Trumansburg,  N.Y 

Trumbull,  Conn 

Trumbull,0 

Trundle's  C's  Rds,Tenn 

Truro,  111 

Truro,  Mass 

Truro,  O 

Truro,  S.D 

Trussville,  Ala 

Truxton,  N.Y 

Tryon,  N.C 

Tualatin,  Ore 

Tualco,  Wash 

Tubal,  Ark 

Tuckahoe,  N.C 

Tuckahoe,Va 

Tucker,  W.  Va 

Tucker  Store,  Ala 

Tucson,  Ariz 

Tuftonborough,  N.H.... 

Tugaloo,  S.C 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tulare,  S.D 

Tularosa,  N.M 

Tularosa,  N.M 

Tule  Lake,  Ac,  Cal 

Tule  Lake,  Ore 

Tule  River,  Cal 

Tullahoma,  Tenn 

Tully,  N.Y 

Tullv,  N.Y 

Tully,  O 

Tully,0 

Tulpehocken,  Pa 

Tulukagnagamute, 

Alaska 

Tuluksagmute,  Alaska 

Turn  Tum,  Ore 

Tumuli,  Minn 

Tuniwater,  Wash 

Tunaghainute,  Alaska 

Tunbridge,Ill 

Tuubridge,  Vt 

Tunica,  Miss 

Tuiikhannock,  Pa 

Tuukhannock,  Pa 

Tunkhannock,  Pa. 

Tunnel  Hill,  Ga. 

Tunnel  Hill,  Ga. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

civil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

poflt-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-viU 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

|)ost-vill 

township 

post-vlU 

township 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

po8t-l)oro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 


County. 


Clarke 

Iowa 

Monroe 

Wright , 

Doniphan 

Beno 

Waldo 

Newaygo , 

Oakland 

Pipe  Stone 

Renville 

Pontotoc 

Lincoln , 

Cheshire , 

Rensselaer 

Montgomery., 

Ashland 

Athens 

Delaware 

Geauga , 

Miami , 

Morrow , 

Richland 

Wood 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Abbeville 

Day 

Grant 

Sully 

Obion 

Obion 

Bell 

Orleans. 

Gilmer „ 

St.  Croix 

Sauk 

Walworth 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Nevada 

Pickens 

Routt 

Cascade 

Tompkins 

Fairfield 

Ashtabula. 

Levier 

Knox 

Barnstable 

Franklin 

Aurora 

Jefferson 

Cortland 

Polk 

Clackamas .... 

Snohomish 

Union 

Jones 

Henrico 

Wirt 

Montgomery . 

Pima 

Carroll 

Oconee 

San  Joaquin™, 

Tulare...™ 

Tulare 

Spink 

Donna  Ana.... 

Socorro 

Modoc 

Klamath 

Tulare 

Coffee 

Onondaga. 

Onondaga. 

Marion 

Van  Wert 

Berks 


Benton 

Otter  Tail.. 
Thurston.., 


De  Witt.... 

Orange 

Tunica 

Monroe 

Wyoming. 
Wyoming. 
Whitfield.. 
Whitfield™, 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,083 
956 

3,706 
491 
694 
181 

1,059 
186 

1,586 
176 
167 


839 

796 

66,747 

865 

715 

1,858 

964 

901 

3,803 

730 

1,424 

1,407 

1,658 

1,241 

1,327 


2,921 
341 


1,522 
1,752 

979 
1,029 

964 
1,407 

168 
1,147 

777 


1,376 

1,323 

960 

969 

717 

1,017 

1,955 


1,550 
994 
261 


1,427 

676 

4,727 

1,406 

2,646 

7,007 

923 

2,234 

1,308 

802 

447 


2,282 
1,083 
1,476 
434 
878 
1,610 
2,092 


186 
392 
171 


1,601 
1,252 


292 

1,364 

1,116 

784 

268 

219 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Tunnel  Hill,  HI 

Tunnel  Hill,  Miss.... 

Tunnelhill,  Pa 

Tunsburg,  Minn 

Tupelo,  Ala 

Tupelo,  Ark 

Tupelo,  Miss 

Turbett,  Pa ».. 

Turbot,  Pa 

Turbotville,  Pa. 

Turin,  Ga 

Turin,  Ga.: 

Turin,  Mich 

Turin,  N.T 

Turin,  N.Y 

Turkey,  N.C 

Turkey,  S.C 

Turkey  Creek,  Ark.. 
Turkey  Creek,  Col... 
Turkey  Creek,  &c..  Col. 

Turkey  Creek,  Ga 

Turkey  Creek,  Ga 

Turkey  Creek,  Ind 

Turkey  Creek,  Kan 

Turkey  Creek,  Kan 

Turkey  Creek,  Kan 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Tenn.... 

Turkey  Foot,  Ky 

Turkeytown,  Ala 

Turkeytown,  Tenn 

Turlock.Cal 

Turman,  Ind 

Turnback,  Mo 

Turnbon  Mills,  Tenn... 

Turnbull,  N.C 

Turner,  111 

Turner,  Ky 

Turner,  Ky 

Turner,  Me 

Turner,  Mich 

Turner,  Ore 

Turner,  Ore 

Tumersburg,  N.C 

Turnersville,  Ky 

Turney's  Station,  Mo... 

Turnstall,  Va , 

Turpentine,  Ala. 

Turquillo,  N.M 

Turtle,  Wis 

Turtle  Creek,  Neb. .. 

Turtle  Creek,  0 

Turtle  Creek,  O 

Turtle  Lake,  N.D... 

Turtle  Lake,  Wis 

Turtle  River,  N.D.... 

Tuscaloosa,  Ala 

Tuscarawas,  O. ..'..... 

Tuscarawas,  O.. 

Tuscarawas,  O 

Tuscarora,  Md 

Tuscarora,  Mich 

Tuscarora,  Nev 

Tuscarora,  N.Y 

Tuscarora,  Pa 

Tuscarora,  Pa 

Tuscarora,  Pa 

Tuscola,  111 

Tuscola,  111 

Tuscola,  Mich 

Tuscumbia,  Ala, 

Tuscumbia,  Ala. 

Tuscumbia,  Mo 

Tuskegee,  Ala 

Tuskegee,  Ala 

Tusquitee,  N.C 

Tussahaw,  Ga 

Tusten,N.Y 

Tustin,  Cal 

Tutens,  Fla 

Tuttle,  Col 

Tuxedo,  N.Y 

Twelfth,  Ga 

Twelve  Mile,  Mo.... 
Twelve  Mile  Lake,Iowa 
Twenty-fourth,  Ga. 
Twenty  Mile,  Col.... 

Twigg.Ill 

Twin,  0 

Twin,  O 

Twin,0 

Twin  Branches,  Ky 

220 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

beat 

borough 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Johnson 

Lauderdale 

Cambria 

Chippewa 

Jackson 

Faulkner 

Lee 

Juniata. 

Northumberl'd 
Northumberl'd 

Coweta 

Coweta 

Marquette 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Sampson 

Williamsburg... 

Stone 

Huerfano 

San  Miguel 

Carroll 

Wilkinson 

Koscinsko 

Barber 

McPherson 

Mitchell 

Franklin 

Gosper 

Harlan 

Pawnee 

Saline 

Moore 

Scott 

Etowah 

Carter 

Stanislaus 

Sullivan 

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Bladen 

Du  Page 

Henry 

Monroe 

Androscoggin... 

Arenac 

Marion 

Marion 

Iredell 

Lincoln 

Clinton 

Pittsylvania 

Walker 

Mora 

Rock 

Holt 

Shelby 

Warren 

McLean 

Barron 

Grand  Forks.... 

Tuscaloosa 

Coshocton 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Frederick 

Cheboygan 

Elko 

St«uben 

Bradford 

Juniata 

Perry 

Douglas. 

Douglas 

Tuscola 

Colbert 

Colbert 

Miller 

Macon 

Macon 

Clay 

Henry 

Sullivan 

Orange 

Madison 

Kit  Carson 

Orange 

Terrell , 

Madison 

Emmet 

Gordon 

Routt 

Hamilton 

Darke 

Preble 

Ross 

I  Lawrence 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,605 

2,650 

224 

494 


1,008 
747 

2,821 
414 


1,386 

419 

1,396 

1,323 

237 


840 
1,009 
1,616 


659 


700 

227 

267 

655 

289 

1,044 

1,095 

605 

175 

2,045 

1,321 

327 

388 

1,001 

294 

1,811 

2,285 


689 

142 

1,030 

1,198 

93 

20,047 


1,133 


1,359 
6,799 


303 


2,418 
4,082 
2,957 


588 
1,364 
1,544 
1,295 
1,591 

995 
2,806 
1,457 
1,352 
2,949 
1,369 

157 
4,377 
2,370 

458 
1,043 
1,050 


1,416 

989 

82 

545 


2,724 

1,973 

2,447 

713 


1,673 

2,610 

730 

631 

1,025 

614 

1,477 

693 

792 

441 

1,028 

161 

100 

1,277 

359 

1,267 

1,638 

238 

193 

1,254 

678 

753 

1,601 

162 

794 

675 

403 

343 

358 

650 

683 

341 

1,051 

1,202 

6.30 

203 

1,876 

1,662 

301 

406 

1,506 

195 

1,448 

2,016 

48 

692 

208 

1,005 

1,440 

163 

25,708 

432 

324 

993 

250 

1,314 

6,537 

67 

874 

249 

4,215 

4,728 

3,340 

391 

1,110 

380 

1,156 

1,438 

1,357 

1,370 

762 

3,201 

1,897 

1,324 

3,455 

2,491 

138 

4,600 

1,803 

565 

1,272 

1,004 

1,076 

710 

178 

1,678 

2,063 

1,050 

210 

536 

103 

2,416 

2,826 

1,835 

2,397 

806 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Twin  Brooks,  S.D 

Twin  Grove,  Kan 

Twin  Groves,  Mo 

Twin  Lake,  N.D 

Twiu  Lake,  S.D 

Twin  Lakes,  Iowa 

Twin  Lakes,  Iowa 

Twin  Lakes,  Minn 

Twin  Mound,  Kan 

Twiosburg,  0 

Two  Creeks,  Wis 

Two  Harbors,  Minn 

Two  Rivers,  Minn 

Two  Rivers,  Wis 

Two  Rivers,  Wis 

Tyaskin,  Md 

Tygart,W.  Va 

Tygh,  Ore 

Tyler,  Ala 

Tyler,  Ark 

Tyler,  Ark 

Tyler,  Minn 

Tyler,  Mo 

Tyler,  Tex 

Tyler,  Va 

Tymochtee,  0 

Tyndall,  S.D 

Tyngsborough,  Mass.... 

Tynsid,  Minn 

Tyre,  N.Y 

Tyringham,  Mass 

Tyro,  Minn 

Tyro,  N.C 

Tyrol,  N.D 

Tyrone,  111 

Tyrone,  Ky 

Tyrone,  Mich 

Tyrone,  Mich 

Tyrone,  Minn 

Tyrone,  Neb 

Tyrone,  N.Y 

Tyrone,  Pa 

Tyrone,  Pa 

Tyrone,  Pa 

Tyronza,  Ark 

Tyronza,  Ark 

Tyson,  Ga 

Tyson,  N.C 

Ty  Ty,Ga 

Tywappity,  Mo 

Tywappity,  Mo 

Tvastonagamute,  Alas.. 

Tzeeto-at,  Alaska. 

Uchee,  Ala 

Udall,  Kan 

Udell,  Iowa 

Udolpho,  Minn 

Uganak,  Alaska 

Ugashik,  Alaska 

Ugavigamute,  Alaska.. 
Ugokhamute,  Alaska... 

Uhrichsville,  O.... 

Uintah,  Utah 

Ukevok,  Alaska 

Ukiah,  Ac,  Cal 

Ukiah,  Cal 

Ula,  Col 

Ulen,  Minn 

Ullin,  111 

Ulm,  Mont 

Ulakagmiite,  Alaska.... 

Ulrich,  Ala 

Ulster,  Iowa 

Ulster,  N.Y 

Ulster,  Pa 

Ulukuk,  Alaska 

Ulysses,  Kan 

Ulysses,  Neb 

Ulysses,  Neb 

Ulysses,  N.Y 

Ulysses,  Pa 

Umatilla,  Fla 

Umatilla,  Ore 

Umnak,  Alaska. 

Unadilla,  Mich 

Unadilla,  Neb 

Unadilla,  N.Y 

Unadilla,  N.Y 

Unalakhik,  Alaska 

Unalaska,  Alaska 

Unangasliik,  Alaska.... 

Uncompahgre,  Col 

Underbill,  Vt 

Underwood,  Minn 

Utiga,  Alaska 

Union,  Ala... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poBt-vill 

township 

township 

city 

district 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

poet-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

poet-town 

township 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

hamlet 

village 

hamlet 

hamlet 

city 

post-prect 

Tillage 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

village 

village 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

village 

precinct 


County. 


Grant 

Greenwood 

Jasper 

La  Moure 

Sanborn 

Calhoun 

Hancock 

Carlton 

Rooks 

Summit 

Manitowoc 

Lake 

Morrison 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Wicomico 

Wood 

Wasco 

Shelby 

Perry 

Prairie , 

Lincoln 

Hickory 

Smith 

Charles  City.. 

Wyandot 

Bon  Homme. 

Middlesex 

Polk 

Seneca , 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Hed.. 

Davidson 

Griggs 

Franklin 

Anderson 

Kent 

Livingston.... 

Le  Sueur 

Red  Willow.. 

Schuyler 

Adams 

Blair 

Perry 

Crittenden.... 

Cross  

Wilkes 

Stanly 

Worth 

Mississippi.... 
Scott 


Rnssell 

Cowley , 

Appanoose.. 
Mower 


Tuscarawas.. 
Weber 


Mendocino . 
Mendocino . 

Custer 

Clay 

Pulaski 

Cascade 


Mobile 

Floyd 

Ulster 

Bradford.. 


Grant 

Butler 

Butler 

Tompkins.. 

Potter 

Lake 

UmaUlla.... 


Livingston. 

Otoe 

Otsego 

Otsego 


Montrose.... 
Chittenden.. 
Redwood.... 


Clay. 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


1,072 
1,110 


298 
426 
776 
630 


1,056 
1,324 
2,052 
3,175 
1,563 
347 
413 


155 

81 
1,647 
2,423 
2,061 
1.620 


631 
180 

1,168 
542 
147 

1,363 


1,207 
151 
1,319 
1,273 
1,042 


2,059 
985 

1,004 

1,486 
388 
191 
930 

1,141 


3.474 
692 


1,946 

85 

863 

668 


2,790 
247 


2,076 


941 


457 

990 

2,806 

1,168 


669 

305 

3,458 

638 


297 


1,094 
178 

2,523 
922 


1,4.39 
157 


376 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CBNSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kank  of 
place. 


Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 


Ala 

Ala 

Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 

Ark 

Ark.... 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark...., 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark.... 
Ark...., 

Ark 

Ark.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn.., 
Conn.., 

Ga 

Ga , 

Idaho.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa ... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 


precinct 

poBt-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

TiHage 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Countv. 


Dallas 

Greene 

Ashley 

Baxter 

Conway 

Crawford.... 
Faulkner.... 

Fulton 

Garliind 

Greene 

Hempstead. 
Independence.. 

Izard.. 

Jackson 

Lee , 

Madison 

Marion 

Kerada 

Newton 

Ouachita 

Perry 

Prairie 

Pulaski , 

Randolph..., 

Saline 

Sharp 

Van  Burcn.. 

White 

Humboldt..., 
San  Bernardino 

San  Joaquin 

New  Haven.„... 

Tolland 

Campbell 

Spalding 

Ada 

Cumberland 

Effingham 

Fulton 

Livingston 

Pope 

Union 

Williamson 

Adams 

Bartholomew... 

Benton 

Boone 

Clark 

Clinton 

Crawford 

DeKalb 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Fulton 

Hendricks 

Howard 

Huntington 

Jasper 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Madison 

Marshall 

Miami 

Montgomery.... 

Ohio 

Parke 

Perry 

Porter 

Rush 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Shelby 

Tippecanoe 

Union 

Vanderburg 

Wells 

White 

Whitley 

Adair....: 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Benton 

Black  Hawk 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Casrt 

Cerro  Gordo 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis 

Delaware 

Des  Moines 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Guthrie 

Hardin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,669 

1,166 

676 

266 

1,738 


860 

609 

613 

1,304 


700 

1,384 

2,076 

1,145 

443 

1,299 

650 

359 

621 

610 

261 

808 

401 

266 

290 

475 

2,137 

1,788 


981 

1,207 

639 

591 

1,686 


2,133 
765 

1,733 
994 
664 
825 

1,123 
912 
828 
871 

1,092 

1,010 


1,611 

4,121 

1,466 

1,866 

1,433 

1,545 

1,805 

1,290 

408 

1,406 

1,205 

917 

1,389 

1,152 

10,168 

569 

1,401 

1,498 

1,064 

1,393 

2,015 

1,233 

754 

1,454 

1,195 

1,600 

2,217 

1,263 

466 

725 

607 

861 

511 

866 

347 

738 

616 

212 

735 

2,265 

1,231 

646 

1,382 


1,443 

233 

2,010 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


2,613 

1,237 

1,064 

493 

2,004 

605 

1,284 

666 

826 

1,743 

1,772 

818 

1,407 

3,251 

1,775 

973 

1,318 

944 

433 

623 

447 

382 

908 

475 

373 

333 

674 

2,620 

2,984 

131 

972 

1,438 

431 

4;il 

1,387 

331 

2,174 

924 

1,486 

841 

1,168 

922 

2,048 

991 

737 

982 

1,068 

918 

854 

1,726 

3,060 

1,655 

1,543 

1,919 

1,362 

1,492 

1,552 

747 

1,378 

1^154 

897 

1,968 

960 

11,103 

633 

1,211 

1,616 

986 

1,299 

1,768 

1,169 

673 

1,321 

899 

1,646 

2,632 

1,169 

527 

601 

602 

1,206 

482 

1,373 

982 

1,791 

1,021 

317 

1,078 

1,937 

1,096 

611 

1,236 

759 

1,426 

436 

1,690 


Bank  of 
place. 


poBt-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township  I 


County. 


Hardin 

HaniHon 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Kijssuth 

Louisa 

Lucas 

Madison 

Mahaska  _ 

Marion 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

O'Brien 

Plymouth 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Story  

Union 

Van  Buren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Anderson 

Barton 

Butler 

Clay 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Jefferson 

Kingman 

Kiowa 

McPherson 

Pottawatomie... 

Rawlins 

Republic 

Rice 

Rush , 

Sedgwick 

Sherman , 

Stafford 

Washington 

Boone , 

Crittenden.., 

Madison 

Monroe , 

Knox 

Branch 

Grand  Traverse 

Isabella 

Houston , 

Barton 

Benton 

Bollinger 

Cass 

Clark 

Crawford , 

Daviess 

Dunklin.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Harrison , 

Holt , 

Iron 

Jasper 

Laclede 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Perry  

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Ste  Genevieve., 

Scotland 

Sullivan 

Washington 

Webster 

Worth 

Wright 

Butler 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Dundy 

Furnas 

Gosper 

Hamilton 

Hitchcock 

Madison 

Pheljw 

Saunders 

Bergen 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


666 

624 

1,487 

780 


608 

919 

1,020 

1,130 

707 

630 

1,132 


260 

800 

625 

638 

1,111 

2,065 

1,411 

847 

998 

697 

720 


311 
361 
616 
677 
816 
872 


570 
634 


709 

1,460 

240 

983 


536 
1,111 
1, 
2,010 

976 
1,548 
2,672 


1,180 

496 

363 

1,205 

832 

739 

1,367 

1,316 

2,332 

1,780 

2,763 

402 

1,011 

2,028 

1,724 

1,431 

1,329 

3,060 

1,642 

1,667 

1,963 

1,363 

1,308 

1,779 

1,763 

721 

1,417 

1, 

1,700 

1,106 

1,509 

1,674 

1,762 

943 

613 


610 


466 


704 
866 
221 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Union,  N.J.... 
Union,  N.J.... 
Union,  N.J.... 
Union,  N.J.... 
Union,  N.J.... 
Union,  N.Y... 
Union,  N.Y... 
Union,  N.C.... 
Union,  N.O.... 
Union,  N.C.... 
Union,  N.C... 
Union,  N.C... 
Union,  N.D.... 
Union,  N.D..., 
Union,  N.D..., 
Union,  N.D..., 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 , 

Union,  0. , 

Union,  O 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  O 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  O ,, 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Vnion,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  S.C 

Union,  S.C 

Union,  S.C 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  Utah... 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va, 
Union,  W.  Va, 
Union,  W.  Va 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va, 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.Va. 
Union,  W.  Va, 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va, 

222 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townslijp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towusliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-ilist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Hudson 

Hudson 

Hunterdon... 

Ocean 

Union 

Broome 

Broome 

Hertford 

Pender 

Randolph 

Rutherford... 

Wilkes 

Emmons 

Grand 

Griggs 

Sargent 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Brown 

Butler 

Carroll 

Champaign... 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Hancock 

Highland 

Knox 

Lawrence.... 

Licking 

Logan 

Madison 

Mercer 

Miami 

Morgan 

Muskingum., 

Pike 

Putnam 

Boss 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas.., 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren , 

Clackamas..., 

Columbia 

Grant 

Tillamook 

Umatilla 

Union , 

Union , 

Adams , 

Alleghany.... 

Bedford 

Berks 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Crawford 

Erie , 

Fulton , 

Huntingdon., 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Lebanon  

Luzerne , 

Mifflin 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Tioga 

Union 

Washington.. 
Orangeburg... 

Union 

Union 

Day 

Davison 

Edmunds 

Hyde 

McCook 

Moody 

Sanborn 

Spink 

Salt  Lake 

Barbour 

Cabell 

Clay 

Grant 

Harrison 

Jackson 

Kanawha 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Marshall 

Macon 

Monongalia.. 
Monroe 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,310 

5,849 

1,167 

1,024 

2,418 

2,596 

737 

95 

1,793 

813 

530 

900 


1,590 
1, 
5,776 
2,163 

684 
1,588 
1,992 
5,051 
6,175 
1,876 
1,453 
1,728 
2,460 
1,872 

784 
4,443 
1,820 
3,859 
1,595 
1,793 

676 
1,398 
2,527 
1,168 

714 
1,535 
1,026 
1,110 


496 
548 
129 


979 

416 

1,180 

2,367 

956 

1,540 

1,086 

551 

603 

1,377 

602 

780 

809 

2,418 

1,719 

920 

1,417 

1,292 

1,251 

1,789 

724 

1,913 

1,418 

3,637 

1,267 


484 
1,407 
2,003 

650 
1,339 
2,406 
2,254 
3,315 

792 
2,022 
3,804 
2,174 
1,707 
2,026 


2,127 

10,643 

1,134 

1,063 

2,846 

2,711 

821 

102 

1,814 

942 

531 

1,115 

131 

382 

115 

132 

1,661 

1,591 

4,715 

1,926 

653 

1,414 

1,918 

5,280 

8,283 

2,110 

1,258 

1,874 

2,936 

1,764 

688 

4,472 

2,001 

4,178 

1,379 

1,820 

722 

1,482 

2,505 

1,282 

707 

1,799 

2,316 

970 

126 

812 

760 

216 

330 

1,219 

604 

1,128 

1,417 

910 

1,317 

820 

639 

514 

1,366 

735 

831 

803 

1,445 

1,699 

874 

1,381 

1,310 

1,233 

1,876 

750 

3,621 

1,647 

4,389 

1,609 

308 

269 

144 

79 

311 

195 

184 

113 

602 

1,171 

2,643 

825 

2,500 

2,420 

2,442 

3,266 

981 

2,319 

4,872 

2,  .316 

1,488 

2,030 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W.Va , 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.Va 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis , 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis , 

Union,  Wis 

Union  Academy,  Ala... 

Union  Bridge,  Md 

Union  Bridge,  Md 

Union  Center,  Kan 

Union  Church,  Ala 

Union  City,  Ind 

Union  City,  Iowa 

Union  City,  Mich 

Union  City,  O 

Union  City,  Pa 

Union  City,  Tenn 

Union  City,  Tenn.. 

Union  Creek,  Neb 

Uuiondale,  Pa 

Union  Grove,  111 , 

Union  Grove,  Minn 

Union  Grove,  N.C 

Union  Grove,  Wis 

Union  Hall,  Va 

Union  Hill,  Ga 

Union  Point,  Ga 

Union  Prairie,  Iowa 

Union  Sch'l  House,  Ky. 

Union  Springs,  Ala 

Union  Springs,  Ala 

Union  Springs,  N.Y 

Union  Star,  Ky 

Union  Star,  Mo 

Union  Street,  Md 

Uniontown,  Ala. 

Uniontown,  Ala 

Uniontown,  Kan 

Uniontown,  Ky 

Uniontown,  Ky 

Uniontown,  Md... 

Uniontown,  Md 

Uniontown,  Ore 

Uniontown,  Pa 

Uniontown,  Pa 

Uniontown,  Wash 

Unionvale,  N.Y 

Union  Valley,  Neb 

Unionville,  Iowa 

Unionville,  Mich 

Unionville,  Mo 

Unionville,  Mont 

Unionville,  N.Y 

Unionville,  0 

Unionville,  Pa 

Unionville,  Tenn 

Unitia,  Tenn 

Unity,  111 

Unity,  111 

Unity,  Me 

Unity,  N.H 

Unity,  N.C 

Unity,  0 

Unity,  Pa 

Unity,  Wis 

Unity,  Wis 

University  Place,  Neb,. 

Upatoie,  &c.,  Ga 

Upland,  Pa 

Upper,  Ark 

Upper,  Ark 

Upper,  Ga 

Upper,  N.J 

Upper,  N.C 

Upper,  0 

Upper  Allen,  Va 

Upper  Alio  way's  Creek, 

N.J ." 

Upper  Alton,  111 

Upper  Ashland,  Ky 

Upper  Astoria,  Ore 

Upper  Augusta,  Pa 

Upper  Bern,  Pa 

Upper  Blue  Lick,  Ky... 
Upper  Boulder,  Mont... 
Upper  Brush  Creek,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

toyfnship 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

district 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-TlU 

village 

post-boro' 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-prect 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

borough 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Monroe 

Pendleton 

Pleasants 

Preston 

Putnam 

Ritchie 

Tyler 

Upshur 

Wayne 

Wood 

Door 

Eau  Claire 

Pierce 

Rock 

Vernon 

Waupaca 

Montgomery.... 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Elk 

Bullock 

Randolph 

Allamakee 

Branch 

Darke 

Erie 

Obion 

Obion 

Stanton 

Susquehanna.... 

Whiteside 

Meeker 

Iredell 

Racine. 

Franklin 

Upeon 

Greone 

Allamakee 

Christian 

Bullock 

Bullock 

Cayuga 

Breckenridge 

De  Kalb 

Alleghany 

Perry 

Perry 

Bourbon 

Union 

Union 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Jackson 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Whitman 

Dutchess 

Cheyenne 

Appanoose 

Tuscola 

Putnam 

Lewis  <fe  Clarke 

Orange 

Union 

Centre 

Bedford 

Loudon 

Alexander 

Piatt 

Waldo 

Sullivan 

Rowan 

Columbiana 

Westmoreland.. 

Clark 

Trempealeau.... 
Lancaster.... 

Muscogee 

Delaware 

Crawford 

Sebastian 

Dade 

Cape  May.... 

Chowan 

Lawrence.... 
Cumberland. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Salem 

Madison 

Boyd 

Clatsop 

Northumberl'd 

Berks 

Nicholas 

Park 

Green 


372 

1,695 

1,625 

1,986 

1,756 

3,105 

1,375 

1,601 

2,894 

1,615 

610 

631 

734 

1,009 

741 

684 

2,219 

1,235 

579 

1,296 

1,449 

2,478 

679 

1,280 

1,127 

2,171 

3,734 

1,879 


146 
1,091 

503 
1,220 

412 
3,576 
2,274 
1,308 
1,018 
2,827 
6,245 
1,862 
1,210 


72 


6,967 

810 

136 

2,656 

1,015 

2,603 

384 

404 

367 

3,265 


1,407 


772 


316 

200 

399 

180 

783 

595 

1,774 

1,092 

814 

815 

3,114 

4,079 

381 

561 


1,747 
2,028 

388 
4,292 

405 

1,702 

1,423 

11,663 

1,409 

1,917 
1,534 
2,582 
713 
1,735 
2,179 
1,601 


1,884 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Upper  Burrell,  P«l... 
Upper  Catlettsburg,  Ky 

Upper  Chama,  N.M 

Upper    Cherry    Creek, 

Ac,  Col 

Upper  Chichester,  Pa... 
Upper  Clear  Creek,  &c., 

Col 

Upper  Conetoe,  N.C 

Upper  Cosby,  Tenn 

Upper  Costilla,  N.M 

Upper  Creek,  N.C 

Upper  Darby,  Pa 

Upper  Driftwood,  Neb.. 

Upper  Dublin,  Pa 

Upper  Eleventh,  Qa 

Upper  Elkhorn  Creek, 

Ky 

Upper  Fairfield,  Pa 

Upper  Fifth,  Ga 

Upper  Fishing  Creek, 

N.C 

Upper  Fork,  N.C 

Upper  Fourteenth,  Ga.. 
Upper  Freehold,  N.J... 
Upper  Gila  River,  N.M. 

Upper  Hanover,  Pa 

Upper  Hightower,  Ga... 

Upper  Hiwassee,  Ga 

Upper  Hominy,  N.C... 
Upper  John's  Creek,  Ky 

Upper  Lake,  Cal 

Upper  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 

Upper  Laurel,  N.C 

Upper  Leacock,  Pa 

Upper  Little  River,N.C. 

Upper  Loutre,  Mo 

Upper  Macungie,  Pa.... 
Upper  Madison  Basin, 

Mont 

Upper  Mahanoy,  Pa 

Upper  Mahantango,  Pa. 
Upper  Makefield,  Pa,... 
Upper  Marlborough,Md 

Upper  Merion,  Pa 

Upper    Middle    Creek, 

Mont 

Upper  Milford,  Pa 

Upper  Molalla,  Ore 

Upper  Mt.  Bethel,  Pa... 

Upper  Nazareth,  Pa 

Upper  Nineteenth,  Ga.. 

Upper  Ninth,  Ga 

Upper  Nyack,  N.Y 

Upper  Oxford,  Pa 

Upper  Paxton,  Pa 

Upper  Pecos,  N.M 

Upper  Pemis  Neck,  N.J 
Upper  Penasco,  N.M.... 
Upper  Pittsgrove,  N.J.. 
Upper  Poor  Fork,  Ky... 
Upper  Providence,  Pa.. 
Upper  Providence,  Pa.. 

Upper  Sabine,  La 

■Upper  Saguache,  Col.... 
Upper  Saint  Clair,  Pa... 

Upper  Salford,  Pa 

Upper     Sand     Conlee, 

Mont 

Upper  Sandusky,  0 

Upper  Santa  Fe,  N.M... 

Upper  Saucon,  Pa 

Upper  Seventh,  Ga 

Upper  Snake,  Col 

Upper    Squaw    Creek, 

Ac,  Idaho 

Upper  Surrounded  Hill, 

Ark 

Upper  Tenth,  Ga 

Upper  Town,  Ga 

Upper  Town,  Ky 

Upper  Town  Creek,  N.C 

Upper  Trout,  Ore 

Upper  Tulpehocken,  Pa 
Upper  Turkeyfoot,  Pa.. 

Upper  Tyrone,  Pa 

Upper  Uwchland.Pa.... 

Upper  White,  Col 

Upper  Yoder,  Pa 

Upper  Young  Cane,  Ga. 

Upton,  Ga 

Upton,  Me 

Upton,  Mass 

Upton,  Mo 

Upton,  Utah 

Upton,  Utah 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 
township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

ward 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mil.-diMt 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

ixwt-town 

township 

precinct 

village 


County. 


Westmoreland. 

Boyd 

Bio  Arriba 


Arapahoe.. 
Delaware.. 


Arapahoe 

Edgecombe... 

Cocke , 

Taos , 

Burke , 

Delaware , 

Hitchcock 

Montgomery.. 
Houston 


Pike 

Lycoming.. 
Houston.... 


Edgecombe 

Burke 

Houston 

Monmouth 

Grant 

Montgomery.... 

Towns 

Towns 

Buncombe 

Pike 

Lake 

San  Miguel 

Madison 

Lancaster 

Harnett 

Montgomery  ... 
Lehigh 


Gallatin 

Northumberl'd 

Schuylkill 

Bucks 

Prince  George's 
Montgomery.... 


Gallatin 

Lehigh , 

Clackamas 

Northampton. 
Northampton. 

Harris 

Berrien , 

Rockland 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Lincoln 

Salem 

Lincoln , 

Salem 

Harlan 

Delaware 

Montgomery.. 

Calcasieu 

Saguache 

Alleghany 

Montgomery.. 


Cascade... 
Wyandot., 
Santo  F£.. 
Lehigh.... 
Fayette.... 
Routt 


Boi86.. 


Prairie 

Whitfield.... 

Houston 

Daviess 

Edgecomb... 

Crook 

Berks 

Somerset.... 

Fayette 

Chester 

Rio  Blanco., 

Cambria 

Union 

Wilkes 

Oxford 

Worcester... 

Texas 

Summit 

Summit 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


714 
2,184 


1,923 
1,189 


1,193 
4,699 


1,856 
1,100 

929 

808 

1,430 

2,693 

779 

1,586 

3,236 


2,408 

366 

436 

1,676 

1,036 

147 


663 
2,145 
1,301 
2,456 
3,023 


922 
718 

1,470 
541 

3,275 


2,475 
390 

3,645 
838 
887 
695 
412 

1,096 

1,543 


3,361 


2,073 

615 

855 

3,592 

1,347 


829 
1,866 


3,540 
"3,'22"8 


359 

431 

1,302 

3,698 

l,l:J3 


1,274 
953 

3,306 
848 


916 
428 

1,162 
245 

2,023 
788 
174 
174 


606 

2,538 

873 

1,318 
564 

927 
1,998 
1,450 

415 

809 
4,773 

221 
2,008 
1,215 

770 
771 
878 

2,305 

841 

1,401 

2,861 

351 

1,977 

525 

454 

2,139 

1,845 

296 

576 

705 

2,232 

1.796 

2,589 

2,511 

25 
891 
732 

1,236 
4.39 

3,405 

237 
2,394 

582 
3,106 

550 

724 
1,244 

668 
1,096 
1,494 

181 
2,239 

210 
1,923 

631 
1,013 
3,529 
'  1,226 
80 
1,548 
1,869 

210 
3,762 
3,065 
2,832 
1,006 

115 

544 

651 

557 

1,307 

9,510 

506 

98 

1,194 

1,224 

4,718 

824 

106 

1,325 

461 

1,091 

232 

1,878 

1,358 

195 

195 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


UptoDville,  Ga 

Urbana,  Col 

Urbana,  111 

Urbana,  111 

Urbana,  Iowa 

Urbana,  Md 

Urbana,  N.Y 

Urbana,  O 

Urbana,  0 

Urich,  Mo , 

Urness,  Minn 

Urquhart,  Ga 

Ursa,  111 

Ursina,  Pa 

Ursula,  Kan 

Ustick,Ill , 

Ute  Creek,  N.M , 

Ute  Creek,  N.M 

Utica,  111 

Utica,  Ind 

Utica,  Iowa 

Utica,  Mich 

Utica,  Minn , 

Utica,  Miss 

Utica,  Mo 

Utica,  Neb 

Utica,  N.Y 

Utica,  O 

Utica,  Pa , 

Utica,  Wis 

Utica,  Wis 

Utsaladdy,  Wash 

Uvalde,  Tex 

Uwchland,  Pa 

Uwharie,  N.C 

Uxbridge,  Mass 

Uxbridge,  N.D 

Uyak,  Alas 

Uzinkee,  Alas 

Vacaville,  Cal 

Vacaville,  Cal 

Yaiden,  Miss 

Vail,  Ala 

Vail,  Ala 

Vail,  Iowa 

Vail,  Minn 

Vail,  Neb 

Valatie,  N.Y 

Valdosta,  Ga 

Vale,  Ore 

Vale,  Ore 

Valencia,  N.M 

Valentine,  Neb 

Vale  Summit,  Md..  . 
Valhermoso       Springs, 
^jn 

VaUe,Mo."'."!'.','.'.'.'.l!! 

Vallecitas,  Cal 

Vallecitos,  N.M 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Vallers,  Minn 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Col 

Valley,  Ga 

Valley,  III 

Valley,  Iowa 

Valley,  Iowa 

Valley,  Iowa 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Mo 

Valley,  Mont 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb 


Rank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

poet-town 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

district 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precjnct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

preciDct 


County. 


Charlton 

Lincoln 

Champaign.... 
Champaign... 

Monroe 

Frederick 

Steuben , 

Champaign... 
Champaign.... 

Henry 

Douglas 

Early 

Adams 

Somerset 

Kiowa 

Whiteside , 

Colfax 

San  Miguel... 

La  Salle 

Clarke 

Chickasaw.... 

Macomb 

Winona 

Hinds 

Livingston.... 

Seward 

Oneida , 

Licking 

Venango 

Crawford 

Winnebago.... 

Island 

Uvalde 

Chester 

Montgomery.. 

Worcester 

Barnes 


Solano 

Solano 

Carroll 

Lamar 

Pickens 

Crawford... 
Redwood... 

Keith 

Columbia... 
Lowndes.... 
Malheur.... 
Malheur.... 
Valencia.... 

Cherry 

Alleghany. 


Morgan 

Jefferson 

San  Diego 

Rio  Arriba 

Solano 

Solano 

Sonoma 

Lyon 

Cleburne 

Hot  Spring 

Madison 

Ouachita 

Pope 

Yuma 

Talbot 

.Stark 

Guthrie 

Page 

Pottawattamie 

Barber 

Comanche 

Ellsworth 

Hodgeman 

Kingman 

Kiowa 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Miami 

Morris 

Osborne 

Phillips 

Pratt 

Reno 

Rice 

Scott 

Sheridan .. 

Smith 

Macon 

Lewia  &  Clarke 

Buffalo 

Chaw 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


236 


4,175 
2,942 

767 
2,576 
2,318 
7,781 
6,252 
71 

388 
1,056 
1,618 

445 


1,066 


1,273 

1,608 

1,232 

493 

1,094 

230 

661 

194 

33,914 

702 

301 

1,496 

1,045 

187 

794 

698 

676 

3,111 


1,299 
361 
526 


.511 

511 

61 


1,775 
1,515 


3,606 


6,587 
5,987 
1,471 
146 
394 
903 
622 


694 


986 
1,194 
1,012 

842 


763 


208 
1,002 

867 
1,996 


449 
64*6 


911 


764 

20 

4,488 

311 

794 

2,408 

2,590 

7,872 

6,510 

312 

641 

939 

1,614 

405 

164 

1,032 

132 

302 

1,568 

1,580 

1,137 

563 

968 

.370 

657 

466 

44,007 

763 

.321 

1,389 

981 

207 

1,265 

689 

751 

3,408 

76 

246 

74 

2,712 

725 

533 

613 

600 

538 

213 

234 

1,437 

2,854 

484 

131 

494 

1,177 

822 

1,836 

6,668 

94 

486 

6,865 

6,343 

1,347 

397 

402 

1,009 

1,328 

1,025 

882 

61 

681 

810 

1,642 

945 

959 

211 

156 

678 

200 

478 

133 

236 

832 

993 

927 

338 

280 

609 

843 

692 

148 

227 

483 

856 

309 

376 

31& 


228 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Talley,  Neb.... 
Valley,  Neb.... 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb.... 
Valley,  Neb.... 
Valley,  Neb.... 
Valley,  Neb.... 
Valley,  Neb.... 

Valley,  0 

Valley,  0 

Valley,  Pa 

Valley,  Pa 

Valley,  Pa 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D , 

Valley,  W.  Va. 
Valley,  W.  Va. 
Valley  Bend,  W.  Va... 
Valley  Brook,  Kan. 
Valley  Centre,  Cal. 
Valley  Centre,  Kan... 
Valley  Centre,  Kan. . 

Valley  City,  N.D 

Valley  City,  N.D 

Valley  Creek,  Ala 

Valley  Falls,  Kan 

Valley  Grange,  Neb.. 

Valley  Head,  Ala 

Valley  Head,  Ala 

Valley  Lee,  Md 

Valley  Mills,  Tex 

Valley  Plains,  Ga 

Valley  Springs,  S.D.. 
Valley  Springs,  S.D.. 

Valley  Town,  N.C 

Vallicita,  Cal 

Vallonia,  Pa 

Valmont,  Col 

Valona,  Cal 

Valparaiso,  Ind 

Valparaiso,  Neb 

Valverde,  Col 

Valverde,  N.M 

Valverdi,  Kan 

Van  Alstyne,  Tex 

Van  Buren,  Ala 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Me 

Van  Buren,  Mich 

Van  Buren,  Mo 

Van  Buren,  Mo 

Van  Buren,  Mo ., 

Van  Buren,  N.Y ., 

Van  Buren,  O 

Van  Buren,  O 

Van  Buren,  O 

Van  Buren,  O , 

Van  Buren,  0 

Van  Buren,  0 

Vance,  Ala 

Vance,  111 

Vance,  N.O 

Vance,  N.C 

Vance,  Wash 

Vanceborough,  Me.... 

Vanceburg,  Ky 

Vanceburg,  Ky 

Vance  Creek,  Wis.... 

Vances,  S.C 

Vancluse,  S.C 

Vancouver,  Wash.... 

Vandalia,  111 

Vandalia,  111 

224 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

pdst-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

city 


C!ounty. 


Douglas 

Hamilton..., 

Hayes 

Hooker. 

Knox 

Madison 

Polk 

Sheridan 

Wheeler 

Guernsey.... 

Scioto 

Armstrong . 

Chester 

Montour .... 

Beadle 

Campbell.... 

Day 

Douglas 

Hughes 

Hyde 

Barbour 

Preston 

Randolph... 


San  Diego 

Sedgwick 

Sedgwick 

Barnes 

Barnes 

Dallas 

Jefferson 

Red  Willow... 

DeKalb 

De  Kalb 

Saint  Mary's.. 

Bosque 

Harris 

Minnehaha.... 
Minnehaha.... 

Cherokee 

Calaveras 

Crawford 

Boulder 

Contra  Costa.. 

Porter 

Saunders 

Arapahoe 

Socorro 

Sumner 

Grayson 

De  Kalb 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Newton 

Union 

Brown 

Clay 

Daviess 

Fountain 

Grant 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Madison 

Monroe 

Pulaski 

Shelby 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Aroostook 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Newton 

Wright 

Onondaga 

Darke 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Montgomery.. 

Putnam 

Shelby 

Tuscaloosa 

Vermilion 

Lenoir , 

Union 

Lewis 

Washington.. 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Barron 

Orangeburg.. 

Aiken 

Clarke 

Fayette 

Fayette 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


951 
1,861 
1,187 
1,014 


1,547 

519 

1,136 


71 


302 
2,608 
1,016 


1,670 

113 

1,314 


96 

1,043 

214 

628 


4,461 
300 


487 
213 


3,899 
1,029 

608 
1,427 
2,266 
5,161 
1,334 
2,123 
1,651 
1,574 
1,376 
1,691 
1,087 

862 
1,524 
1,375 


1,003 

950 

1,110 

1,918 

2,124 

1,840 

661 

1,091 

1,512 

907 

130 

2,953 

2,444 

1,647 

935 

1,540 

1,196 


381 
2,917 
1,095 


1,286 
657 
1,722 
2,713 
2,066 


378 

1,185 

1,52 

98 

379 

447 

673 

239 

97 

1,018 

1,018 

1,602 

1,072 

890 

162 

79 

285 

232 

49 

37 

1,328 

1,629 

688 

1,855 

265 

1,006 

167 

1,284 

1,089 

3,126 

1,180 

197 

644 

233 

1,522 

300 

1,326 

661 

308 

1,523 

200 

648 

487 

374 

6,090 

615 

404 

370 

674 

737 

984 

6,834 

2,291 

859 

1,596 

2,297 

5,318 

1,295 

2,492 

1,921 

1,731 

1,105 

1,979 

1,025 

922 

1,371 

1,450 

485 

830 

878 

1,168 

1,712 

2,020 

2,249 

884 

3,444 

1,504 

957 

268 

2,815 

3,444 

1,621 

728 

1,875 

894 

1,6,57 

220 

870 

2,891 

1,110 

314 

1,727 

580 

3,545 

2,787 

2,144 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Vandalia,  Mich 

Vandalia,  Mo 

Vandalia,  O 

Vandemere,  N.C 

Vanderbilt,  Mich 

Vanderburg,  Ky 

Van  Dusen,  Cal 

Van  Etteu,  N.Y 

Van  Ettenville,  N.Y. 

Van  Horn,  Iowa 

Van  Horn,  Mo 

Vanlue,  O 

Van  Meter,  Iowa 

Van  Meter,  Iowa 

Vanndale,  Ark 

Van  Order,  S.D 

Vanover,  Ky 

Vansville,  Md 

Vansycle,  Ore 

Van  Wert,  O 

Van  Wyck,  Idaho.... 

Varennes,  S.C 

Varianville,  Idaho... 

Varick,  N.Y 

Varina,  Va 

Varna,  111 

Varnell,  Ga 

Varner,  Mo 

Varnville,  S.C 

Vasa,  Minn 

Vasques,  Col 

Vassalborough,  Me.. 

Vassar,  Mich 

Vassar,  Mich 

Vaughn,  Wash 

Vaughn,  Wis 

Vaugine,  Ark 

Veale,  Ind 

Veasey,  Ark 

Veazie,  Me 

Veazie,  Wis 

Veeder,N.D 

Veedersburg,  Ind.... 

Vega,  Minn 

Velvet  Ridge,  Ark... 

Venango,  Pa 

Venango,  Pa 

Venango,  Pa 

Venango,  Pa 

Venedy,  111 

Venedy,  HI 

Venice,  III 

Venice,  111 

Venice,  Mich 

Venice,  N.Y 

Venice,  0 

Ventura,  Cal 

Vera  Cruz,  Ind 

Verbena,  Ala 

Verdi,  Minn 

Verdier,  S.C 

Verdigris,  Kan 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdon,  Neb 

Verdon,  S.D 

Vergennes,  111 

Vergennes,  111 

Vergennes,  Mich 

Vergennes,  Vt 

Vermilion,  111 

Vermilion,  111 

Vermilion,  Ind 

Vermilion,  Iowa 

Vermilion,  Kan 

Vermilion,  Minn 

Vermilion,  O 

Vermilion,  0 

Vermilion,  S  D 

Vermilion,  S.D 

Vermilion,  Utah 

Vermilion,  Utah 

Vermont,  111 

Vermont,  III 

Vermont,  S.D 

Vermont,  Wis 

Vermontville,  Mich. 
Vermontville,  Mich. 

Vernal,  Miss 

Vernal,  Utah 

Verndale,  Minn 

Verner,  N.D 

Vernon,  Ala 

Vernon,  Ala.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-prect 

city 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-beat 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Cass 

Audrain 

Montgomery. 

Pamlico 

Otsego 

Webster 

Humboldt 

Chuming 

Chuming 

Benton 

Carroll 

Hancock 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Cross 

Hyde 

Daviess 

Prince  George's 

Umatilla 

Van  Wert.... 

Boisfi 

Anderson 

Lemhi 

Seneca 

Henrico 

Marshall 

Whitfield 

Ripley 

Hampton 

Goodhne 

Jefiferson 

Kennebec... 

Tuscola 

Tuscola 

Pierce 

Ashland 

Jefferson 

Daviess 

Drew 

Penobscot.... 
Washburn... 

McLean 

Fountain 

Marshall 

White 

Butler 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Erie 

Washington, 
Washington, 

Madison 

Madison 

Shiawassee... 

Cayuga 

Seneca 

Ventura 

Wells 

Chilton 

Lincoln 

Colleton 

Wilson 

Antelope 

Holt 

Knox 

Knox 

Richardson.. 

Brown 

Jackson 

Jackson ,. 

Kent 

Addison....... 

Edgar 

La  Salle 

Vermilion.... 
Appanoose... 

Marshall 

Dakota 

Ashland 

Erie 

Clay 

Clay 

Kane 

Sevier 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Edmunds 

Dane 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Greene 

Uintah 

Wadena 

Sargent 

Dallas 

Lamar 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


439 
501 
316 


1,346 
681 

1,991 
563 


364 

1,656 

376 


1,418 
1,485 


4,079 
2',*2r6 


1,739 

3,408 

286 

868 


1,167 


2,621 

1,579 

670 


6,746 

1,089 

1,051 

622 


1,322 
602 
347 

1,445 


408 
1,119 

612 
1,424 
1,889 
2,231 
2,263 

260 


195 
8,554 
1,434 


536 


910 


1,148 

1,782 

387 

612 

2,215 

3,261 

1,770 

819 

2,209 

1,944 


714 


112 
2,093 
1,133 


961 

2,015 

623 

649 


1,082 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Ternon,  Ala , 

Vernon,  Cftl 

Vernon,  Conn , 

Vernon,  Fla 

Vernon,  III 

Vernon,  Ind 

Vernon,  lud.... 

Vernon,  Ind 

Vernon,  lud. 

Vernon,  Ind... 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Kan 

Vernon,  Mich 

Vernon,  Mich 

Vernon,  MicJi 

Vernon,  Minn 

Vernon,  Minn 

Vernon,  Miss 

Vernon,  Mo 

Vernon,  N.J 

Vernon,  N.Y 

Vernon,  NY 

Vernon,  N.D 

Vernon,  O 

Vernon,  O 

Vernon,  0 

Vernon,  0 

Vernon,  Pa 

Vernon,  S.D 

Vernon,  S.D 

Vernon,  Tex 

Vernon,  Utah 

Vernon,  Vt 

Vernon,  Wis..„ 

Vernon  Springs,  Iowa.. 

Verona,  111 

Verona,  Ky 

Verona,  Ky 

Verona,  Me 

Verona,  Mich 

Verona,  Minn 

Verona,  Miss 

Verona,  Neb 

Verona,  N.Y 

Verona,  N.D 

Verona,  Pa 

Verona,  Wis 

Verplanck,  N.Y 

Versailles,  111 

Versailles,  111 

Versailles,  Ind 

Versailles,  Ky 

Versailles,  Mo 

Versailles,  O 

Versailles,  Pa 

Vershire,  Vt 

Veseli,  Minn 

Vesper,  Kan 

Vesper,  Ore 

Vesper,  Wis 

Vesta,  Kan 

Vesta,  Minn 

Vesta,  Neb 

Vesta,  N.D 

Vestal,  N.Y 

Veteran,  N.Y 

Vevay,  Ind 

Vevay,  Mich 

Vibbard,  Mo 

Vlckery,  Ga 

Vicksburg,  Kan 

Vicksburg,  Mich._ 

Vicksburg,  Miss 

Victor,  &c.,  Cal 

Victor,  Col 

Victor,  111 

Victor,  Iowa 

Victor,  Iowa..„ 

Victor,  Kan 

Victor,  Mich 

Victor,  Minn 

Victor,  Neb , 

Victor,  N.Y 

Victor,  N.Y 

Victor,  S.D 

Victoria,  Ala 

Victoria,  Ark 

Victoria,  Fla 

Victoria,  111 

Victoria,  III 

Victoria,  Iowa 

Victoria,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat-Till 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

poet- town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Lamar. 

Sutter 

Tolland 

Washington... 

Lake 

Hamilton 

Jackson 

Jennings , 

Jennings 

Washington.... 

Dubuque 

Humboldt 

Palo  Alto 

Van  Buren 

Wright 

Cowley 

Isabella , 

Shiawassee 

Shiawassee 

Blue  Earth.... 

Dodge 

Madison 

Clark 

Sussex 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Walsh 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Scioto 

Trumbull 

Crawford 

Beadle 

Grant 

Wilbarger 

Tooele 

Windham 

Waukesha 

Howard 

Grundy 

Boone 

Boone , 

Hancock 

Huron 

Faribault 

Lee 

Adams 

Oneida 

La  Moure 

Alleghany 

Dane 

Westchester.... 

Brown 

Brown 

Ripley 

Woodford 

Morgan 

Darke 

Alleghany 

Orange 

Kice 

Lincoln 

Clatsop 

Wood 

Clark 

Redwood  

.Johnson 

Walsh 

Broome 

Chemung 

Switzerland.... 

Ingham 

Ray 

Forsyth 

Jewell 

Kalamazoo 

Warren 

San  Bernardino 
Las  Animas. 

De  Kalb 

Iowa 

Poweshiek... 

Osborne 

Clinton , 

Wright 

Nuckolls 

Ontario , 

Ontario 

Marshall 

CoflTee 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Knox 

Knox 

Cass 

Ellis 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


208 

662 

6,915 

1,330 

2,306 

1,897 

1,942 

616 

1,014 

1,077 

432 

186 

939 

328 

952 

1,090 

2,267 

554 

673 

937 

2,978 

927 

1,811 

3,056 

345 


1,552 
1,038 
1,481 
1,018 
1,919 


181 
652 
1,195 
2,545 
153 
836 
163 
356 
740 
560 
596 


5,287 


1,599 
1,017 
1,337 
1,835 

617 

455 
5,995 

578 
1,163 

727 
1,875 


53 
1,014 


2,184 

2,263 

2,884 

1,207 

140 

1,275 

725 

784 

11,814 


842 
691 
691 
376 
1,147 
1,093 


2,804 
704 


1,146 
1,967 


580 
349 


192 

983 

8,808 

1,194 

1,198 

2,239 

2,099 

1,477 

613 

1,013 

882 

795 

197 

854 

541 

1,008 

1,314 

2,291 

585 

729 

895 

3,615 

682 

1,756 

3,018 

377 

230 

1,393 

962 

1,074 

933 

2,014 

113 

555 

2,857 

249 

567 

1,277 

2,682 

212 

1,042 

243 

323 

1,288 

710 

465 

789 

4,535 

165 

1,477 

1,225 

1,515 

1,718 

517 

421 

6,147 

1,211 

1,385 

2,262 

754 

182 

342 

130 

322 

192 

199 

797 

428 

2,076 

1,816 

1,663 

1,131 

127 

930 

716 

921 

13,373 

658 

733 

769 

616 

616 

317 

1,041 

1,159 

796 

2,620 

778 

257 

1,172 

2,084 

47 

1,179 

308 

758 

336 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Victoria,  Kan 

Victoria,  Ky 

Victoria,  La 

Victoria,  Neb 

Victoria,  Tenn 

Victoria,  Tex 

Victory,  Iowa 

Victory,  Mich 

Victory,  N.Y 

Victory,  Pa 

Victory,  Vt 

Victory  Mills,  N.Y 

Vidalia,  La 

Viding,  Minn 

Viejas,  Ac,  Cal 

Vienna,  Ala 

Vienna,  Ala 

Vienna,  6a 

Vienna,  111 

Vienna,  111 

Vienna,  111 

Vienna,  Ind 

Vienna,  Iowa 

Vienna,  Kan 

Vienna,  Ky 

Vienna,  Me 

Vienna,  Md 

Vienna,  Md 

Vienna,  Mich 

Vienna,  Minn 

Vienna,  N.Y 

Vienna,  N.C 

Vienna,  O 

Vienna,  S.D 

Vienna,  Wis 

Vieregg,  Neb 

Vigo,  Ind 

Viking,  Minn 

Viking,  N.D 

Vilas,  Col 

Vilas,  Wis 

Village,  Ark 

Village,  Iowa 

Village  Park,  Col 

Village  Springs,  Ala.... 

Villa  Grove,  Col 

Villard,  Minn 

Villard,  Minn 

Villa  Rica,  Ga 

Villa  Rica,  Ga 

Villa  Ridge,  111^ 

Villemont,  Ark 

Villenova,  N.Y 

Villisca,  Iowa 

Vina,  Cal 

Vinal  Haven,  Me 

Vincennes,  Ind 

Vincennes,  Ind 

Vincent,  Neb 

Vincent  Settlement,  La. 

Vinegar  Hill,  111 

Vine  Grove,  Ky 

Vineland,  Minn 

Vineland,  N.J 

Vineland,  Wis 

Vineville,  Ga 

Vineyard,  Ark 

Vineyard,  Mo 

Vineyard,  Tex 

Vining,  Kan 

Vinisahle,  Alaska. 

Vinita,  Kan 

Vinson,  Ore 

Vinton,  Iowa 

Vinton,  Neb 

Vinton,  0 

Vinton,  0 

Viola,  111 

Viola,  HI 

Viola,  Iowa 

Viola,  Iowa 

Viola,  Iowa 

Viola,  Kan 

Viola,  Minn 

Viola,  Ore 

Viola,  S  D 

Violet,  0 

Violet  Hill.  Ark.  

Vipond,  Mont 

VIrden,  111 

Virden,  III 

Virgil,  111 

Virgil,  Mo 

Virgil,  N.Y .". 

Virgin  City,  Utah 

Virginia,  III 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-towu 

township 

post-town 

poet-vlll 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

jKJSt-tflwn 

township 

township 

pOBt-vill 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

ward 

township 

poet- town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-Till 

village 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 


County. 


Rice 

Hancock 

Natchitoches.. 

Ouster 

Marion 

Victoria 

Guthrie 

Mason 

Cayuga 

Venango 

Eseex 

Saratoga 

Concordia 

Clay 

San  Diego 

Madison 

Pickens 

Dooly 

Grundy 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Scott 

Marshall 

Pottawatomie 

McLean 

Kennebec 

Dorchester.... 
Dorchester .... 

Genesee 

Rock 

Oneida 

Forsyth 

Trumbull 

Campbell 

Dane 

Merrick 

Knox 

Marshall 

Benson 

Baca 

Langlade 

Jackson 

Van  Buren 

Arapahoe 

Blount 

Saguache 

Pope 

Todd 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Pulaski 

Jefferson 

Chautauqua... 
Montgomery  ... 

Tehama 

Knox 

Knox 

Knox 

Furnas 

Calcasieu 

Jo  DaTiess. .. 

Hardin 

Polk 

Cumberland. 
Winnebago.. 

Bibb 

Washington 
Lawrence..., 

Jack 

Clay 


Kingman 

Umatilla 

Benton , 

Valley 

Gallia 

Vinton 

Lee 

Mercer 

Audubon 

Osceola 

Sac 

Sedgwick 

Olmsted ., 

Clackamas 

Jerauld 

Fairfield 

Izard 

Beaver  Head . 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Kane 

Vernon 

Cortland 

Washington... 
Cass. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


900 


648 


797 
515 

1,962 
377 
.321 

1,120 
449 


933 


1,062 
1,572 

494 
1,912 

821 

3.36 
1,760 

644 
1,508 


2,194 
188 

2,834 
918 

1,994 


1,051 

478 

3,196 


743 
1,541 


1,056 

21 
1,366 
344 
1,446 
1,299 
93 
2,866 
9,408 
7,680 


1,329 
649 


2,519 
1,069 
2,554 
1,233 
1,769 


276 


2,906 


196 
1,131 
686 
370 
641 
130 
690 
290 
917 


2,197 


1,987 
1,608 
1,367 

873 
1,864 

254 


1,OT2 
18» 
424 

1,103 
26» 

3,U4» 
91T 
668 

1,706 
351 
564 
822 
821 
14S 

1,173 

1,283 
817 
636 
93» 

2,360 
828 

2,143 
157 
348 

1,812 
49.5 

1,61T 
424 

2,116 
274 

2,220 

1,109 

1,298 
188 

1,00» 
72T 

3,428 
182 
210 
43 
318 
477 

1,404 

1,764 

1,16T 
274 
203 
22fr 

1,93T 
428 

1,481 
718 

1,242 

1,744 
232 

2,617 
10,704 

8,853 
351 

1,408 
507 
397 
471 

3,822 
938 

4,647 
771 

1,931 

1,264 
241 
140 
411 
268 

2,868 
324 
318 

1,202 
698 
421 
709 
409 
860 
537 
830 
224 
291 

1,968 

781 

48 

2,038 

1,610 

1,378 
968 

1,618 
213 

2,634 


225 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Virginia,  111 

Virginia,  Iowa 

Virginia,  Mo 

Virginia,  0 

Virginia,  S.D 

Virginia  City,  Mont 

Virginia  City,  Nev 

Virginia  Dale,  Col 

Viroqua,  Wis , 

Viroqua,  Wis 

Visalia,  Cal 

Visalia,  Cal 

Vivian,  Minn 

Vivian,  N.D 

Volcano,  Cal 

Volga,  Iowa 

Volga,  S.D 

Volga,  S.D 

Voliuia,  Mich 

Volney,  N.Y 

Voltaire,  Kan 

Voluntown,  Conn 

Vona,  Col 

Voorhees,  Kan 

Vozneseusky,  Alaska... 

Vroman,  Neb 

Wabash,  111 

Wabash,  111 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabash,  O 

Wabasha,  Minn 

Wabaunsee,  Kan 

Waccamaw,  N.C 

Waccamaw,  N.C 

Waccamaw,  S.C 

Wackasookee,  Ga 

Waco,  Ga 

Waco,  Kan 

Waco,  Neb 

Waco,  Neb 

Waco,  N.C 

Waco,  Tex 

Waconia,  Minn 

Waconia,  Minn 

Wacoochee,  Ala 

Wacousta,  Iowa 

Wacouta,  Minn 

Waddnms,  111 

Wadilington,  N.Y 

Waddington,  N.Y 

Wade,  111 

Wade,  111 

Wadena,  Minn 

Wadena,  Minn 

Wadesborough,  Ky 

Wadesborough,  N.C 

Wadesborough,  N.C 

Wade's  Mill,  Ky 

Wadley,  Ga 

Wadley,  Ga 

Wadsworth,  Ala 

Wadsworth,  Nev 

Wadsworth,  0 

Wadsworth,  0 

Waelder,  Tex 

Wagener,  S.C 

Wager,  Ark 

Waggoner,  W.  Va 

Wagner,  Iowa 

Wagon  Mound,  N.M..., 

Wagontown,  Idaho 

Waha,  Idaho 

Wahee,  S.C 

Wahoo,  Ga 

Wahoo,  Neb 

Wahoo,  Neb , 

Wahpeton,  N.D , 

Walkousa,  Iowa 

Wainwright  Inlet,  Alas 

Waite.Me 

Waitsburg,  Wash 

Waitsfield,  Vt 

Wakarusa,  Kan 

Wa  Keeney,  Kan 

Wa  Keeney,  Kan 

Wakefield,  Ala 

Wakefield,  Kan 

Wakefield,  Mass 

Wakefield,  Mich 

Wakefield,  Minn 


Kank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

towiisliip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

hamlet 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Cass 

Warren 

Pemiscot... 
Coshocton.. 

Union 

Madison.... 

Storey 

Larimer.... 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Waseca 

Sargent 

Amador 

Clayton 

Brookings.. 
Brookings.. 
Cass 


Sherman 

New  London.. 

Kit  Carson 

Stevens 


Lincoln 

Clark 

WHbash 

Adams 

Fountain 

Gibson 

Jay 

Parke 

Tippecanoe 

Wabash 

Darke 

Wabasha 

Wabaunsee 

Brunswick 

Columbus 

Georgetown 

Wilkes 

Haralson 

Sedgwick 

York 

York 

Cleveland 

McLennan 

Carver 

Carver 

Lee 

Humboldt 

Goodhue 

Stephenson 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Wadena 

Wadena 

Calloway 

Anson 

Anson 

Clark 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Autauga 

Washoe 

Medina 

Medina 

Gonzales 

Oconee 

Benton 

Mason 

Clayton 

Mora 

Owyhee 

Nez  Perces 

Marion 

Lumpkin 

Saunders 

Saunders 

Richland 

Webster 


Washington 

Walla  Walla.... 

Washington 

Douglas 

Trego 

Trego 

Marshall 

Clay 

Middlesex 

Gogebic 

Stearns 


I^jpulation. 


1880.      1890, 


1,420 
816 
653 

1,180 


624 
10,917 


1,606 

762 

2,628 

1,412 

544 


499 
1.430 


287 
1,465 
6,588 


2,375 

1,453 

1,991 

2,283 

560 

1,024 

753 

2,632 

3,800 

1,136 

2,088 

985 

693 

908 

3,716 

797 


710 


7,295 
1,288 

218 
1,671 

213 

88 

1,435 

2,608 

977 

750 
2,969 

430 

307 
1,593 
3,327 

800 


2,523 
281 


661 
2,837 
1,219 


3,247 


4,585 
997 


1,998 
320 
627 

1,064 
400 

3,586 


204 

248 

938 

2,388 


418 
690 


5,547 
""848 


1,602 

887 

688 

1,343 

1,290 

675 

8,511 

83 

1,680 

1,270 

4,293 

2,885 

618 

186 

358 

1,288 

621 

298 

1,239 

6,527 

419 

1,060 

61 

98 

43 

176 

3,017 

1,512 

2,429 

1,293 

802 

1,155 

787 

2,503 

5,105 

1,286 

2,487 

1,025 

1,119 

963 

3,598 

773 

357 

1,028 

1,045 

278 

105 

14,445 

1,206 

441 

1,251 

621 

106 

1,344 

2,209 

900 

746 

3,915 

467 

95 

1,882 

3,959 

1,198 

878 

2,802 

522 

224 

,    5.37 

3,047 

1,674 

388 

3,214 

749 

3,362 

970 

449 

438 

193 

1,855 

391 

738 

2,006 

1,510 

4,871 

72 

159 

817 

815 

2,799 

851 

439 

742 

241 

6,982 

7S2 

938 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wakefield,  Neb 

Wakefield,  N.H 

Wakefield,  Va 

Wakefield,  &c.,  Va 

Wake  Forest,  N.C. 

Wake  Forest,  N.C 

Wakenian,  O 

Wakenda,  Mo 

Wakenda,  Mo 

Wakeshma,  Mich 

Walburg,  N.D 

Walcott,  N.D 

Walcott,  N.D 

Walden,  Col 

Walden,  Minn 

Walden,  N.Y 

Walden,  Vt 

Walden's  Creek,  Tenn.. 

Waldo,  Ark 

Waldo,  Fla. 

Waldo,  111 

Waldo,  Me 

Waldo,  0 

Waldo,  0 

Waldo,  Ore 

Waldo,  S.D 

Waldoborough,  Me 

Waldron,  Ark 

Waldron,  111 

Waldron,  Mich 

Waldron,  Mo 

Waldwick,  Wi8„ 

Wales,  Me 

Wales,  Mass 

Wales,  Mich 

Wales,  N.Y 

Wales,  Utah 

Walhalla,  N.D 

Walhalla,  8.0 

Walker,  Ala 

Walker,  Ala 

Walker,  Ark 

Walker,  Ark 

Walker,  Ga 

Walker,  111 

Walker,  Ind 

Walker,  Ind 

Walker,  Kan 

Walker,  Kan 

Walker,  Mich 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Neb 

Walker,  Neb 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  W.  Va 

Walker  Chapel,  Ala 

Walker  Creek,  Ark 

Walker  Creek,  Va 

Walker  Creek,  Va 

Walker  Springs,  Ala.... 

Walkersville,  Md 

Walkerton,  Ind 

Walkerville,  111 

Walkerville,  Mont 

Wall,  111 

Wall,  N.J 

Wallace,  Ark 

Wallace,  Ark 

Wallace,  Ark 

Wallace,  Ga 

Wallace,  Idaho 

Wallace,  Idaho 

Wallace,  III 

Wallace,  Kan 

Wallace,  Kan 

Wallace,  Neb 

Wallace,  N.M 

Wallace,  Pa...'. 

Wallaceburg,  Ark 

Wallace  Creek,  Neb 

Wallace's  Switch,  Va... 

Wallaceton,  Pa 

Walla  Walla,  Wash  .... 

Walle,  N.D 

Waller,  Tenn 

Wallingford,  Conn 

Wallingtbrd,  Conn 

Wallingford,  Ky 

Wallingford,  Vt 

Wallin's  Creek,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

towaship 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp  - 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

preciiict 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

city 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Dixon 

Carroll 

Rappahan  nock 

Sussex 

Wake 

Wake 

Huron 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Kalamazoo 

Cass 

Richland 

Richland 

Larimer 

Pope 

Orange 

Caledonia 

Sevier 

Columbia 

Alachua 

Livingston 

Waldo 

Marion 

Marion 

Josephine 

Brul6 

Lincoln 

Scott 

Kankakee 

Hillsdale 

Platte 

Iowa 

Androscoggin.., 

Hampden 

Saint  Clair 

Erie 

San  Pete 

Pembina.. „ 

Oconee 

Blount 

Montgomery ... 

Faulkner 

Franklin 

Pulaski 

Hancock , 

Jasper 

Bush 

Anderson 

Ellis 

Kent 

Henry 

Moniteau 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Lincoln 

Platte 

Centre 

Huntingdon.... 

Juniata. 

Schuylkill 

Wood 

De  Kalb 

Lafayette 

Rockbridge 

Giles 

Clarke 

Frederick 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Greene 

Silver  Bow 

Ford 

Monmouth 

Benton 

Franklin 

Stone 

Jones 

Shoshone 

Shoshone 

La  Salle 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Lincoln 

Bernalillo 

Chester 

Hempstead 

Greeley 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Walla  Walla.... 
Grand  Forks.... 

Moore 

New  Haven 

New  Haven 

Hardin 

Rutland 

Harlan 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,392 
1,647 
2,334 
3,809 
456 
1,450 


149 
1,670 


323 

1,804 

931 


1,171 
663 
997 
248 
309 


3,768 
239 
353 


840 

896 

605 

1,030 

1,820 

1,392 

306 


789 


2,730 

399 

395 

680 

1,612 

621 

1,292 

1,136 

583 

1,876 

1,102 

3,664 

760 

200 


1,467 
1,002 
1,699 
610 
2,307 


630 
3,280 
2,726 
575 
160 
754 


444 

745 

3,829 

1,031 


430 
637 


800 
340 
173 


711 
1,134 


137 
196 

3,588 


264 
4,686 
3,017 
2,163 
1,846 

463 


226 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  aud 
state. 


Wallkill,  N.T 

Wall  Lake,  Iowa 

Wall  Luke,  Iowa 

Wall  Lake,  Iowa 

Wall  Lake,  S.D 

Wallonia,  Ky 

Wallowa,  Ore 

Wallpack,  N.J 

Walls,  Minn 

Walls,  Mo 

Wallsburg,  Utah 

Wallula,  Wash 

Walnut,  Ark 

Walnut,  Ark 

Walnut,  111 

Walnut,  111 

Walnut,  Ind 

Walnut,  Ind 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Mo 

Walnut,  Mo 

Walnut,  0 

Walnut,  0 

Walnut,  0 

Walnut,  Tex 

Walnut  Bottom,  Ark.... 

Walnut  City,  Iowa 

Walnut  Cove,  N.C 

Walnut  Creek,  Kan 

Walnut  Cl-eek,  Mo 

Walnut  Creek,  Keb 

Walnut  Creek,  N.C 

Walnut  Creek,  0 

Walnut  Flat,  Ky 

Walnut  Fork,  Ark 

Walnut  Grove,  Ala 

Walnut  Grove,  Cal 

Walnut  Grove,  III 

Walnut  Grove,  III 

Walnut  Grove,  Kan 

Walnut  Grove,  Ky 

Walnut  Grove,  Minn.... 

Walnut  Grove,  Miss 

Walnut  Grove,  Miss 

Walnut  Grove,  Mo 

Walnut  Grove,  Neb 

Walnut  Grove,  N.C 

Walnut  Grove,  N.C 

Walnut  Grove,  Pa 

Walnut  Grove,  S.D 

Walnut  Grove,  Tenn,... 

Walnut  Hill,  Ala 

Walnut  Lake,  Ark 

Walnut  Lake,  Minn 

Walnut  Kidge,  Ark 

Walpole,  Mass 

Walpole,  N.H 

Walsenburg,  Col 

Walsenburg,  Col 

Walsh  Center,  N.D 

Walshville,  III 

Walshville,  III 

Walshville,  N.D 

Walter,  Minn 

Walterborough,  S.C 

Walthall,  Miss 

Walthall,  Miss 

Waltham,  Ala 

Waltham,  111 

Waltham,  Me 

Waltham,  Mass 

Waltham,  Minn 

Waltham,  Vt 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

niaji.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

posttwp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

village 

township 

clvil-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

beat 

post-vill 

precingt 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Orange 

Sac 

Sac 

Wright 

Minnehaha 

Trigg 

Wallowa 

Sussex 

Traverse 

Douglas 

Wasatch 

Walla  Walla... 

Benton 

Lee 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Marshall 

Montgomery..., 

Adair , 

Appanoose 

Dallas , 

Fremont 

Jefferson 

Madison 

Palo  Alto 

Polk 

Pottawattamie 

Wayne 

Atchison 

Barton 

Bourbon , 

Brown , 

Butler , 

Cowley 

Crawford , 

Crawford , 

Jewell , 

Marshall 

Pawnee 

Phillips , 

Reno 

Saline 

Adair , 

Bates 

Fairfield 

Gallia 

Pickaway 

Bosque 

Saline 

Appanoose 

Stokes 

Mitchell 

Macon 

Webster. 

Edgecombe 

Holmes 

Lincoln 

Newton 

Etowah 

Sacramento , 

Knox 

McDonough.... 

Neosho 

Morgan 

Kudwood 

Leake 

Leake 

Greene 

Knox 

Granville 

Wilkes 

Cambria 

Douglas 

Gibson 

Tallapoosa 

Desha 

Faribault 

Lawrence 

Norfolk 

Cheshire 

Huerfano 

Huerfano 

Walsh 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Walsh 

Lac-qui-Parle., 

Colleton 

Webster 

Webster 

Perry 

La  Salle 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Mower. 

Addison 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


11,486 
462 
208 
422 


1,788 
289 
675 


347 
142 
627 
948 

1,377 
515 

2,188 

1,910 
564 
585 

1,040 

mi 

1,108 
863 
264 

7.13 

1,446 

1,3.33 

345 

688 

1,130 

641 

1,253 

1,244 

196 

666 


499 
379 


466 
691 
1,207 
2,070 
1,892 
1,591 


44 


716 
606 
348 
1,116 
1,371 
894 


503 


1,781 
1,079 
1,193 


153 
3,031 


2,189 
1,170 


1,265 
614 


440 

301 

2,494 

2,018 


377 


1,156 
188 


691 
2,098 

101 
1,905 
1,067 

296 
11,712 

656 

248 


2,756 

1,098 

439 

418 

425 

1,574 

620 

436 

287 

930 

396 

518 

785 

883 

1,368 

606 

2,611 

1,677 

789 

1,492 

1,039 

519 

925 

886 

474 

761 

811 

1,812 

1,297 

470 

889 

1,611 

626 

1,227 

2,044 

539 

787 

720 

227 

379 

580 

663 

918 

2,020 

2,459 

1,765 

1,546 

682 

142 

4a 

320 
690 

1,116 
321 
975 

1,541 
876 
219 
698 
212 

1,350 
781 

1,087 
42 
127 

3,692 
166 

1,360 
350 

2,353 

1,293 
535 
297 

1,138 
607 
817 
557 
457 

2,604 

2,163 

1,598 
928 
356 
994 
167 
443 
288 

1,171 

.  2,965 

122 

1,811 
898 
242  i 
18,707  1 
717  ! 
255  ! 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Walton,  Ind 

Walton,  Kan , 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Kan , 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Ky 

Walton,  Ky , 

Walton,  Mich 

Walton,  Mo 

Walton,  N.Y 

Walton,  N.Y 

Walton,  Va 

Walton,  W.Va 

Waltonboro,  III 

Waltz,  Ind 

Walworth,  Minn 

Walworth,  N.Y 

Walworth,  Wis , 

Wamduska,  N.D 

Wamego,  Kan 

Wamic,  Ore 

Wammack,  Ga 

Wampum,  Pa 

Wanamingo,  Minn 

Wanda,  Neb 

Wang,  Minn 

Wano,  Kan 

Wano,  N.D 

Wanship,  Utah 

Wanship,  Utah 

Wantage,  N.J 

Wapakoneta,  O 

Wapato,  Ore 

Wapella,  III 

Wapella,  III 

Wapello,  Iowa 

Wapello,  Iowa 

Wapinitia,  Ore 

Wappanocca,  Ark 

Wappinger,  N.Y 

Wappinger  Falls,  N.Y. 

Wapsinonoc,  Iowa 

Warbonnet,  Neb 

Ward,  Ark.... 

Ward,  Ark 

Ward,  Col 

Ward,  Ga 

Ward,  Ind 

Ward,  Iowa 

Ward,  Minn 

Ward,  N.Y 

Ward,  0 

Ward,  Pa 

Ward,  S.C 

Ward,  S.C. 

Ward,  S.D 

Ward  District,  Col 

Wardensville,  W.  Va..., 

Ward  Grove,  III 

Ward  Mill,  Fla 

Wardner,  Idaho. 

Wardsborough,  Vt 

Ware,  Ga 

Ware,  Mass 

Ware,  Va 

War  Eagle,  Ark 

War  Eagle,  Ark 

War  Eagle,  Idaho 

Ware  Creek,  Va 

Wareham,  Mass 

Warfield,  Ky 

Waring,  Kan 

Warlick,  N.C 

Warminster,  Pa 

Warm  Spring,  Ore 

Warm    Spring    Creek, 

Idaho 

Wann  Springs,  Ark 

Warm  Springs,  Va; 

Warner,  Cal 

Warner,  Mich 

Warner,  N.H 

Warner,  Ore 

Warner,  S.D 

Warner,  Wis. 

Warnerville,  Ga 

Warnervllle,  Neb 

Warren,  Ark 

Warren,  Ark 

Warren,  Conn 

Warren,  III 

Warren,  III 

Warren,  III 

Warren,  Ind 

Warren,  Ind , 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Cass 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Labette 

Rooks....'. 

Sumner 

Boone 

Boone 

Eaton 

Washington..., 

Delaware 

Delaware , 

Roanoke 

Roane 

Gallatin 

Wabash 

Becker 

Wayne. 

Walworth 

Nelson 

Pottawatomie. 

Wasco 

Washington..., 

Lawrence 

Goodhue 

Adams 

Renville 

Cheyenne 

La  Moure 

Summit 

Summit 

Sussex 

Auglaize 

Washington..., 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Wasco 

Crittenden 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Muscatin 

Sioux 

Johnson 

Yell 

Boulder. 

Camden 

Randolph 

Clarke 

Todd 

Alleghany 

Hocking 

Tioga 

Aiken 

Edgefield 

Moody 

Boulder 

Hardy 

Jo  Daviess 

Holmes 

Shoshone 

Windham 

Twiggs 

Hampshire 

Gloucester 

Benton 

Madison 

Owyhee 

New  Kent 

Plymouth 

Martin 

Ness 

Cleveland 

Bucks 

Grant. 


Alturas 

Randolph , 

Bath  

San  Diego , 

Antrim 

Merrimack.... 

Harney 

Brown 

Clarke 

Merri  wether. 

Madison , 

Bradley , 

Columbia 

Litchfield 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Lake 

Clinton 

Huntington.., 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


453 

647 

167 

694 

6.38 

762 

1,072 

289 

1,874 

619 

3,544 

1,389 

3,335 

2,022 

399 

2,591 


2,.338 
1,278 


988 

786 

1,377 


675 


3:i8 


3,361 
2,765 

419 
1,199 

369 
1,928 

928 


1,374 
4,961 


2,200 


661 


1,307 

2,339 
647 
248 
620 

2,272 
327 
927 

2,518 


123 
403 


766 

573 

4,817 

3,553 

422 

1,879 


1,235 
2,896 
976 
282 
1,859 
1,061 


1,369 
1,076 


Ijim 


436 
1,431 


301 

761 

6.39 

1,897 


1,137 
1,843 
1,164 

227 


469 

798 

249 

7U 

346 

1,326 

1,126 

484 

1,996 

612 

4,543 

2,299 

3,041 

2,184 

657 

2,312 

M)0 

2,195 

1,372 

77 

1,473 

363 

760 

766 

1,215 

602 

876 

44)7 

64 

223 

223 

3,412 

3,616 

621 

1,122 

371 

1,845 

1,009 

215 

1,491 

4,675 

3,718 

2,185 

174 

1,133 

.373 

535 

1,6.34 

2,490 

556 

634 

567 

5,(>90 

442 

934 

2,876 

226 

424 

106 

404 

393 

858 

704 

?500 

7,329 

3,770 

471 

2,512 

36 

1,101 

3,451 

679 

774 

2,017 

969 

293 

38 

1,2T6 

1,058 

130 

311 

1,383 

148 

964 

691 

1,172 

457 

492 

767 

477 

1,687 

1,172 

1,077 

1,262 

1,267 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 
Warren, 


.,  Ind 

3,  Ind 

[i,  Tnd 

1,  Ind 

a,  Ind 

1,  Iowa 

a,  Iowa 

a,  Iowa 

a,  Iowa 

n,  Iowa , 

a,  Iowa 

a,  Iowa , 

1,  Kan 

1,  Me 

1,  Mass 

I,  Mich 

a,  Mich. , 

II,  Minn 

a,  Minn 

3,  Mo 

],  Mo , 

a,  N.H , 

a,  N.J 

a,  N.Y 

1,  N.D , 

a,  O 

a,  0 

a,  O 

n,  O 

Q,  0 

a,  O , 

a,  Pa 

a.  Pa 

a.  Pa 

a,  B.I 

1,  S  C 

a,S.D 

a,S.D 

a,  Tex , 

a,Vt 

a,  W.  Va 

a.  Wis 

a,  Wis 

Warrensburg,  Mo 

Warrensburg,  Mo 

Warrensburg,  N.T... 
Warrensburg,  N.T.'... 
Warren  Store,  Ala. ... 

Warrensvllle,  0 

Warrenton,  Ala 

Warrenton,  Qa , 

Warrenton,  Ga , 

Warrenton,  Minn 

Warrenton,  Mo 

Warrenton,  N.C 

Warrenton,  N.O 

Warrenton,  Va 

Warrington,  Fla 

Warrington,  Pa 

Warrington,  Pa 

Warrior,  Ga 

Warrior,  Ga 

Warriors,  Ala , 

Warrior's  Mark,  Pa.. 
Warrior  Stand,  Ala.., 
Warrior  Stand,  Ala.. 

Warsaw,  Ala 

Warsaw,  111 

Warsaw,  Ind 

Warsaw,  Ky 

Warsaw,  Ky , 

Warsaw,  Minn 

Warsaw,  Minn 

Warsaw,  Mo 

Warsaw,  Neb , 

Warsaw,  N.T , 

Warsaw,  N.T 

Warsaw,  N.C 

Warsaw,  N.C 

Warsaw,  0 

Warsaw,  Pa 

Wartburg,  Tenn 

Wartlien,  Ga 

Wartrace,  Tenn 

Warwick,  Md 

Warwick,  Mass 

Warwick,  N.T 

Warwick,  N.T 

Warwick,  O 

Warwick,  Pa 

Warwick,  Pa 

Warwick,  Pa 

Warwick,  B.I 

Warwoman,  Ga. 

Wasatch,  Utah 

Wasco,  Ore 

228 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-Till 

township 

townHhip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

niag.-ilist 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 


County. 


Huntington.. 

Marion 

Putnam 

Saint  Joseph. 

Warren 

Bremer 

Carroll , 

Keokuk... 

Lucas 

Poweshiek 

Story , 

Wayne , 

Morris 

Knox 

Worcester 

Macomb 

Midland 

Marshall 

Winona 

Camden , 

Marion 

Grafton , 

Somerset 

Herkimer 

Cass , 

Belmont , 

Jefferson 

Trumbull 

Trumbull 

Tuscarawas... . 
Washington.., 

Bradford , 

Franklin 

Warren , 

Bristol 

Colleton , 

Clarke 

Sanborn , 

Tyler 

Washington.. 

Upshur , 

St.  Croix 

Waushara 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Warren 

Warren , 

Hale 

Cuyahoga 

Marshall 

Warren 

Warren 

Marshall , 

Warren 

Warren 

Warren 

Fauquier 

Escambia , 

Bucks 

Tork 

Bibb 

Colquitt 

Etowah 

Huntingdon.. 

Macon 

Macon , 

Sumter 

Hancock , 

Kosciusko , 

Gallatin , 

Gallatin 

Goodhue 

Bice , 

Benton 

Howard 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Coshocton....'., 

Jefferson , 

Morgan , 

Washington.. 

Bedford 

Cecil 

Franklin 

Orange 

Orange 

Tuscarawas... 

Bucks 

Chester 

Lancaster 

Kent 

Babun 

Summit 

Sherman 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


603 
3,107 
1,075 

771 
1,27H 
1,044 

419 
1,238 

944 
1,073 

463 
1,703 

603 
2,166 
3,889 
2,401 

300 

108 
1,006 

690 
2,631 

786 
1,204 
1,430 


4,531 
1,923 
5,553 
4,428 

869 
1,903 
1,336 

627 
2,810 
4,007 
1,877 


961 

1,527 

746 

660 

5,778 

4,049 

1,726 

748 

647 

1,408 

1,360 

2,206 

1,022 


299 
3,616 

816 
1,464 


959 
1,825 
1,580 

336 


1,238 
2,466 

146 
2,159 
3,105 
3,123 
1,355 

666 
1,148 
1,018 

515 


3,227 

1,910 

1,904 

182 

277 

1,414 

169 


468 

324 

713 

5,699 

1.043 

1,526 

722 

1,267 

4,038 

12,164 

339 


1,120 

2,854 

974 

894 

1,312 

936 

1,828 

1,218 

719 

780 

666 

1,614 

484 

2,037 

4,681 

2,423 

903 

648 

837 

970 

2,348 

876 

1,046 

1,339 

296 

5,456 

1,921 

7,156 

5,973 

869 

1,709 

1,124 

666 

4,332 

4,489 

2,154 

126 

229 

833 

866 

1,418 

736 

796' 

6,096 

4,706 

1,796 

893 

1,132 

1,410 

1,266 

2,321 

974 

248 

664 

4,062 

740 

1,346 

1,574 

820 

1,830 

1,675 

501 

380 

1,343 

2,700 

215 

1,811 

2,721 

.3,574 

1,750 

676 

999 

867 

700 

700 

4,468 

3,120 

1,938 

401 

376 

1,567 

206 

1,511 

686 

287 

665 

6,000 

1,537 

1,448 

709 

1,487 

3,153 

17,761 

377 

83 

657 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Waseca,  Minn 

Washburn,  Ark 

Washburn,  Ark 

■Washburn,  111 

Washburn,  Me 

Washburn,  Mo 

Washburn,  N.D 

Washburn,  Wis.... 
Washburn,  Wis..... 

Washburn,  Wis 

Washington,  Ala... 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Wasliington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark  . 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Cal.... 
Washington,  Cal... 
Washington,  Cal... 
Washington,  Cal... 
Washington,  Conn. 
Washington,  D.C... 
Washington,  Ga.... 
Washington,  Ga.... 
Washington,  111...., 
Washington,  Ill_... 

Washington,  111 

Washington,  111 

Washington,  111.... 
Washington,  111.... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Wasliington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Wasliington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Wasliington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind.... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind  ... 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
W^ashington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twj) 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Waseca 

Logan 

Sebastian 

Woodford 

Aroostook 

Barry 

McLean 

Bayfield 

Bayfield 

Clarke 

Autauga. 

Benton 

Boone 

Bradley 

Conway 

Fulton 

Grant 

Hempstead 

Howard 

Independence.. 

Jefferson 

Ouachita 

Sevier 

Sharp 

Van  Buron 

Alameda  

Nevada 

Sonoma 

Tolo 

Litchfield 


Banks 

Wilkes 

Carroll 

Massac 

Pope 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Will 

Adams 

Allen 

Blackford 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Gibson 

Grant 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Harrison ... 

Hendricks 

Jackson 

Knox 

Kosciusko 

Marion 

Miami 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Newton 

Noble 

Owen 

Parke 

Pike 

Porter 

Putnam 

Bipley 

Bush 

Shelby 

Starke 

Tippecanoe.... 

Warren 

Washington... 

Wayne 

Whitley 

Adair 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Black  Hawk.. 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

,Buena  Vista... 

Butler 

Carroll 

Cass 

Chickasaw 

Clarke 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,708 

1,019 

681 

450 

809 


810 

731 

1,280 


368 

730 

194 

1,120 

625 

427 

925 

826 

135 

4,592 

627 

643 

1,155 

1,590 

147,293 

755 

2,199 

660 

1,147 

750 

3,205 

1,397 

1,905 

3,159 

1,615 

1,273 

i^r 

2,836 
1,194 
1,544 
1,379 
1,796 
1,228 
7,495 
4,323 

499 
6,182 
1,402 
1,405 
1,406 
1,351 
1,484 
4,058 
1,282 
1,502 
1,001 
1,651 
2,482 
2,399 
1,455 
1,081 
3,996 
1,105 

773 
3,138 
1,504 
2,970 

756 
1,825 
1,112 
1,189 
1,707 

730 
1,526 
1,308 
4,249 
2,015 
1,479 

708 
1,028 
1,816 

505 
3,171 
4,878 

396 

765 

646 

681 
1,199 

768 


2,482 

1,214 

552 

698 

1,097 

1,414 

83 

660 

3,039 

200 

1,037 

1,274 

754 

780 

1,700 

450 

404 

51» 

324 

1,30T 

884 

80& 

957 

970 

395 

6,695 

?500 

641 

1,24T 

1,633 

188,932 

770 

2,631 

598 

862 

655 

2,968 

1,301 

1,574 

4,725 

1,991 

1,723 

1,454 

2,975 

1,360 

1,580 

1,215 

1,524 

1,187 

9,712 

6,064 

432 

5,618 

1,86» 

l,l:i6 

1,576 

1,6.37 

1,804 

4,274 

1,087 

1,382 

89» 

1,556 

2,210 

2,400 

1,443 

1,112 

4,590 

l,0lft 

769 

3,124 

1,641 

3,657 

670 

1,698 

925 

1,033 

1,744 

846 

1,3-25 

1,482 

4,628 

1,740 

1,620 

683 

1,014 

1,533 

423 

762 

5,188 

577 

735 

847 

597 

1,249 

769 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


WasUingtoD,  Iowa. 
Wasliington,  Iowa. 
"Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Wa.shington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Wasliington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Wasliington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan.. 
Washington,  Kan. 
Washington,  Ky.... 
Washington,  Ky.... 
Washington,  La.... 
Washington,  Me.... 
Washington,  Mass. 
Washington,  Mich. 
Washington,  Mich. 
Washington,  Mich. 
Washington,  Minn 
Washington,  Miss.. 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Wasliington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 
Wiishiiigton,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo.... 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo.... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Mo... 
Washington,  Neb.. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Linn 

Lucas 

Marlon 

Marshall 

Montgomery..., 

Page 

Plymouth , 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie. 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Taylor , 

Van  Buren , 

Wapello , 

Warren , 

Washington...., 
Washington...., 

Wayne 

Webster , 

Winneshiek,..., 

Anderson 

Brown 

Chautauqua...., 

Crawford , 

Doniphan , 

Jackson 

Jewell , 

Nemaha , 

Republic 

Bice , 

Saline , 

Sherman 

Smith 

Wabaunsee 

Washington...., 

Washington 

Mason 

Mason 

Saint  Landry.., 

Knox , 

Berkshire , 

Gratiot , 

Macomb , 

Sanilac 

Le  Sueur , 

Greene 

Buchanan 

Cedar „ 

Carroll 

Clark 

Clay 

Dade , 

Dallas , 

Daviess 

De  Kalb , 

Douglas 

Franklin , 

Greene , 

Grundy , 

Harrison 

Jackson , 

Johnson 

Laclede 

Lafayette 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Nodaway , 

Osage 

Pettis 

Ripley 

Saint  Clair , 

Stone , 

Vernon... , 

Webster , 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


935 
401 
780 
1,087 
973 


1,654 

624 

593 

601 

821 

1,365 

999 

721 

2,006 

931 

1,586 

1,181 

1,231 

»80 

760 

880 

350 

84 

979 

524 

810 

817 

506 


2,313 
903 
769 

1,754 

4,  no 

4,078 

2,949 

900 

950 

1,509 

625 

970 

804 

1,282 

1,865 

723 

544 

461 

748 

786 

371 


678 
1,836 

675 
1,548 

553 
1,194 
1,249 

493 
1,144 
2,031 

952 

409 

672 

35,821 

1,136 


1,389 
1,212 


1,645 

946 

2,238 

480 

2,421 

1,094 

516 

776 

1,666 

3,166 

1,209 

2,835 

2,036 

1,436 

934 

1,669 

890 

777 

346 

646 

716 

1,460 


764 

706 

754 

916 

749 

2,067 

1,064 

1,700 

625 

1,222 

528 

901 

1,7.56 

1,0M 

586 

4,777 

863 

1,5.32 

1,172 

986 

853 

839 

796 

720 

405 

818 

895 

637 

909 

952 

642 

2,409 

1,135 

692 

2,903 

2,254 

943 

3,235 

780 

960 

1,435 

625 

1,451 

824 

2,533 

1,916 

641 

628 

1,000 

783 

656 

440 

284 

536 

400 

2,350 

1,613 

1,534 

629 

1,064 

1,230 

434 

1,538 

2,080 

1,447 

347 

957 

67,762 

1,438 

881 

1,390 

1,145 

1,108 

2,091 

926 

2,251 

644 

2,725 

1,022 

462 

816 

1,658 

3,294 

1,104 

3,048 

1,800 

1,223 

1,144 

1,698 

829 

1,012 

.551 

834 

1,503 

842 

496 


Name  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Wasliington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington, 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington, 
Washington, 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington, 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington, 
Washington 
Washington 
Wasliington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington, 
Washington 
Washington. 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington. 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington 
Washington, 
Washington 


,  Neb 

,  Neb 

,  Neb 

,  <J^c.,  Neb, 

,  Neb 

,  Neb 

,  N.H 

,  N.J 

,  N.J 

,  N.J 

,  N.J 

,  N.J 

,  N.J 

,  N.J 

,  N.Y 

,N.T 

,  N.C 

,  N.C 

,  N.C 

,  N.D 

,  O 

,  O 

,0 

,  O 

,  O 

,0 

,  0 

,  O 

,0 

,  0 

,  0 

,  0 

,  0 

,  o 

,  0 

,0 

,0 

,  o 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,  0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,  o 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,  Ore 

,  Ore 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,Pa 

,Pa 

.Pa. 

,  Pa , 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa. 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  8.C 

,  S.D 

,  S.D 

,  Utah 

,  Vt 

,  Va 

,  Va 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

l)08t-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 


Connty. 


Hall 

Harlan 

Jefferson 

Knox 

Nemaha 

Sherman... 

Sullivan , 

Bergen 

Burlington , 

Gloucester , 

Merce/ , 

Morris 

Warren 

Warren 

Dutchess.- 

Orange 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Guilford 

Grand  Forks... 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Brown 

Carroll 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana.... 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Guernsey 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Highland 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Lucas 

Mercer 

Miami 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

Morrow 

Muskingum.... 

Paulding 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Scioto 

Shelby 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Wood 

Washington.... 

Armstrong 

Berks 

Butler 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Erie 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Greene 

Indiana 

.Tefferson 

Vjawrence 

Lehigh 

Tiycomlng 

Sorthampton... 
Northumberl'd 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Washington 

Westmoreland., 

Wyoming 

York 

Bdgefleld.„ 

Aurora. 

Hyde 

Washington 

Orange 

Alexandria 

Norfolk. 


PopulatioD. 


1880.      1890. 


476 
370 


789 


682 
2,863 

389 
1,366 
1,281 
2,681 
3,694 
2,142 
2,797 


4,789 

2,462 

791 


1,616 
1,633 
1,206 

760 
2,876 
1,294 
3,192 

729 
1,612 
1,326 
3,798 
1,326 

742 

600 
1,945 
1,291 
1,211 
1,249 

944 
1,268 
1,416 
1,403 
1,441 
1,521 

886 
2,712 
1,384 
7,204 
1,815 
1,784 

983 
1,305 
1,346 
1,146 
4,118 
1,599 
2,608 
1,131 
1,046 
2,187 
1,069 
1,164 
3,816 
1,390 
1,426 

609 
1,489 
1,924 
1,287 
1,443 
1,496 
1,420 
1,880 
1,267 
2,653 

996 
1,668 
1,282 

634 
2,517 
1,172 
1,920 

811 
1,362 
1,726 
4,292 
1,604 

766 
1,467 
1,674 


637 

922 

814 

4,223 


726 

349 

63« 

792 

1,334 

462 

669 

2,942 

310 

1,156 

1,126 

2,367 

4,138 

2,834 

2,766 

691 

6,436 

3,545 

857 

459 

1,581 

1,645 

1,258 

664 

2,644 

1,140 

3,250 

794 

1,485 

1,449 

5,742 

1,266 

704 

546 

2,732 

1,312 

1,207 

1,231 

892 

989 

1,394 

901 

874 

1,399 

1,109 

4,071 

1,617 

10,127 

1,730 

1,568 

972 

1,038 

1,901 

1,140 

4,566 

1,3.38 

2,479 

1,223 

931 

1,809 

968 

1,285 

4,346 

1,079 

1,212 

805 

1,232 

2,173 

1,351 

1,662 

1,605 

1,698 

1,790 

1,283 

2,732 

866 

1,673 

2,643 

634 

2,668 

937 

2,623 

788 

1,338 

1,600 

7,063 

1,624 

739 

1,464 

1,997 

287 

77 

316 

820 

942 

6,607 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


■Washington,  Va. 

Washington,  Va 

Washington,  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  W.  Va 

Washington,  Wis 

Washington,  Wis 

Washington,  Wis 

Washington,  Wis 

Washington,  Wis 

Washington,  Wis 

Washington    Borough, 

Pa 

Washington  C!olony,Cal 
Washington     Heights, 

IlL 

Washington   Lake, 

Minn 

Washington  Mills,  N.Y, 

Washingtonville,  O 

Washingtonville,  Pa.... 

Washtuena,  Wash 

Wasioja,  Minn 

Watab,  Minn.... 

Wataga,  111 

Watauga,  N.C 

Water,  N.D 

Waterborough,  Me 

Waterbury,  Conn 

Waterbury,  Conn 

Waterbury,  Minn 

Waterbury,  Vt 

Waterbury,  Vt 

Water  Creek,  Ark 

Water  Creek,  Ark 

Wateree,  S.C 

Waterford,  Conn..„ 

Waterford,  111 

Waterford,  Iowa 

Waterford,  Iowa 

Waterford,  Ky 

Waterford,  Me 

Waterford,  Mich 

Waterford,  Minn 

Waterford,  N.J 

Waterford,  N.Y 

Waterford,  0 

Waterford,  Pa 

Waterford,  Pa 

Waterford,  Vt 

Waterford,  Va 

Waterford,  Wis 

W^aterford,  Wis 

Waterloo,  Ala 

Waterloo,  Ala 

Waterloo,  111 

Waterloo,  111 

Waterloo,  Ind. 

Waterloo,  Ind 

Waterloo,  Iowa , 

Waterloo,  Iowa , 

Waterloo,  Iowa , 

Waterloo,  Kan , 

Waterloo,  Ky 

Waterloo,  Mich 

Waterloo,  Neb 

Waterloo,  Neb 

Waterloo,  N.Y 

Waterloo,  N.Y 

Waterloo,  0 

Waterloo,  O 

Waterloo,  Ore 

Waterloo,  S.C 

Waterloo,  S.C 

Waterloo,  Wis 

Waterloo,  Wis 

Waterloo,  Wis 

Waterman,  111 

Waterman,  Iowa 

Waterman,  Ore 

Waters,  Ga. 

Watersmeet,  Mich 

Waterstown,  Wis 

Watertown,  Conn 

Watertown,  Mass 

Watertown,  Mich 

Watertown,  Mich 

Watertown,  Mich 

Watertown,  Minp 

230 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
mag.-dist 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 

post-boro' 
village 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Bappabannock 

Richmond 

Westmoreland.. 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Jackson 

Kanawha 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Ohio 

Pleasants 

Upshur 

Door 

Eau  Claire.. 

Green 

La  Crosse 

Sauk 

Shawano 


Lancaster., 
Fresno , 


Cook.. 


Sibley 

Oneida. 

Columbiana... 

Montour 

Franklin 

Dodge 

Benton 

Knox 

Watauga 

Burleigh 

York 

New  Haven... 
New  Haven... 

Redwood 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Hempstead 

Marion 

Kershaw 

New  London.. 

Fulton 

Clay 

Clinton 

Spencer 

Oxford 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Camden 

Saratoga 

Washington... 

Erie 

Erie 

Caledonia 

Loudoun 

Racine 

Racine..- 

Cherokee 

Lauderdale.... 

Monroe 

Monroe 

DeKalb 

Fayette 

Allamakee 

Black  Hawk. . 
Black  Hawk.. 

Lyon , 

Hart , 

Jackson , 

Douglas , 

Douglas 

Seneca 

Seneca. 

Athens 

Fairfield , 

Linn , 

Laurens 

Laurens 

Grant 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson 

DeKalb 

O'Brien 

Grant 

Jasper 

Gogebic 

Grant 

Litchfield 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Sanilac 

Tuscola 

Carver 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


254 

2,083 

2,992 

1,331 

1,293 

2,579 

1,614 

934 

2,684 

529 

972 

1,451 

427 

954 

882 

1,008 

1,175 

809 

700 
118 

1,036 


676 
203 


875 
131 
734 
959 


1,482 

20,270 

17,806 

54 

2,297 

756 


350 
4,999 
2,701 

565 


1,278 

797 

1,161 

1,324 

424 

2,149 

4,328 

2,128 

1,822 

784 

815 

478 

1,451 


3,109 

1,802 

1,376 

672 

858 

2,983 

5,630 

884 


1,268 


164 
4,399 
3,893 
1,957 
262 
390 
4,018 


1,029 

1,763 

719 

291 

145 


130 


595 
1,897 
5,426 
1,680 

500 
1,098 
1,032 


252 
2,a36 
2,709 
1,640 
1,958 
3,023 
1,636 
1,084 
3,136 

491 
1,296 
2,112 

738 
1,138 

818 

796 
1,206 
1,242 

562 
929 

2,283 

823 

1,195 

922 

171 

110 

897 

147 

586 

1,228 

6 

1,357 

33,202 

28,646 

175 

2,232 

955 

308 

571 

4,698 

2,661 

531 

241 

1,152 

1,728 

1,001 

1,163 

362 

2,421 

5,286 

2,370 

1,537 

838 

734 

385 

1,551 

448 

1,127 

1,506 

3,031 

1,860 

1,473 

547 

693 

3,061 

6,674 

942 

987 

1,171 

850 

272 

4,681 

4,350 

1,961 

146 

715 

3,669 

291 

934 

1,838 

862 

351 

908 

41 

133 

606 

488 

2,323 

7,073 

1,505 

1,224 

1,308 

1,102 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Watertown,  Minn.... 

Watertown,  N.Y 

Watertown,  N.Y 

Watertown,  0 , 

Watertown,  S.D 

Watertown,  Wis 

Watertown,  Wis 

Water  Valley,  Ark.. 
Water  Valley,  Ky... 
Water  Valley,  Miss.. 

Waterville,  Kan 

Waterville,  Kan 

Waterville,  Me 

Waterville,  Minn... 
Waterville,  Minn.... 

Waterville,  N.H 

Waterville,  N.Y 

Waterville,  0 

Waterville,  0 

Waterville,  Vt 

Waterville,  Wash... 

Waterville,  Wis 

Watervliet,  Mich.... 

Watervliet,  N.Y 

Wathena,  Kan 

Watkins,  Ala 

Watkins,  Col 

Wrttkins,  Mo 

Watkinsville,  Ga.... 
Watkinsville,  Ga.... 

Watopa,  Minn 

Watroiis,  N.M 

Wat8eka,Ill 

Watson,  111 

Watson,  111 

Watson,  Mich 

Watson,  Mo 

Watson,  N.Y 

Watson,  N.D 

Watson,  Pa 

Watson,  Pa 

Watsontown,  Pa 

Watsonville,  Cal 

Wattensas,  Ark 

Watter,  Ga 

WatU,  Miss 

Watts,  Pa 

Wattsburg,  Pa 

Watulula,  Ark 

Waubay,  S.D 

Waubeck,  Wis 

Wauchula,  Fla 

Waucoma,  Iowa. 

Wauconda,  111 

Wauconda,  111 

Wauger,  Minn 

Waughton,  N.C 

Waukechon,  Wis.... 

Waukee,  Iowa 

Waukegan,  111 

Waiikegan,  111 

Waukesha,  Wis 

Waukesha,  Wis 

Waukon,  Iowa 

Waukou,  Minn 

Waumandee,  Wis... 

Waunakee,  Wis 

Waupaca,  Wis 

Waupaca^  Wis 

Wauponsee,  111 

Waupun,  Wis 

Waupun,  Wis 

Wausau,  Wis 

Wausau,  Wis 

Wausaukee,  Wis.... 

Wauseon,  0 

Wautoma,  Wis 

Wauwatosa,  Wis 

Wauzeka,  Wis 

Waveland,  Fla 

Waveland,  Ind 

Waveland,  Iowa 

Waveland,  Miss„.... 

Waverly,  111 

Waverly,  111 

Waverly,  Iowa 

Waverly,  Kan 

Waverly,  Ky 

Waverly,  Ky 

Waverly,  Mich 

Waverly,  Mich 

Waverly,  Minn 

Waverly,  Mo 

Waverly,  Mo 

Waverly,  Neb 

Waverly,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

IK)St-Vill 

poet-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

beat 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township. 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Carver 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Washington., 

Codington 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Randolph.... 

Graves 

Yalabusha.... 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Kennebec... 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Grafton 

Oneida 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Lamoille 

Douglas 

Pepin 

Berrien 

Albany 

Doniphan.... 
Covington... 

Arapahoe 

Dent 

Oconee 

Oconee 

Wabasha.  _... 

Mora 

Iroquois 

Effingham.... 
EfiBngham.... 

Allegan 

Atchison 

Lewis 


Lycoming 

Warren 

Northumberl'd 

Santa  Cruz 

Prairie 

Floyd 

Covington 

Perry 

Erie 

Franklin 

Day 

Pepin 

De  Soto 

Fayette 

Lake 

Lake 

Marshall 

Forsyth 

Shawano 

Dallas 

Lake 

Lake 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Allamakee 

Norman 

Buffalo 

Dane 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Grundy 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Fond  du  Lac.... 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Marinette 

Fulton 

Waushara 

Milwaukee 

Crawford 

Dade 

Montgomery.... 
Pottawattamie.. 

Hancock 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Bremer 

Coffey 

Union 

Union 

Cheboygan 

Van  Buren 

Martin 

Lafayette 

Lincoln 

Lancaster 

Franklin.^ 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


316 

1,264 

10,697 

1,894 

746 
1,951 
7,883 


100 
2,220 
2,094 

615 
4,672 

826 

498 
54 


1,925 
382 
547 


1,197 

1,897 

22,220 

710 

253 


1,673 

1,205 

350 

637 


1,507 
1,002 

190 
1,414 

243 
1,470 


316 

258 

1,481 

1,799 

664 

1,295 

808 

451 

389 


197 


225 
1,046 

298 


311 

645 

245 

4,491 

4,012 

4,613 

2,969 

1,350 

143 

950 

279 

841 

1,392 

779 

1,232 

2,353 

1,061 

4,277 


1,905 

708 

5,088 

1,055 


592 

776 


2,783 
1,124 
2,345 


1,423 
179 


1,185 
84 

930 
1,228 

652 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Wayne 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne. 
Wayne. 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne. 
Wayne, 
Wayne. 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne. 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne 
Wayne 
Wayne. 
Wayne, 
Wayne. 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne. 
Wayne 
Wayne. 
Wayne, 
Wayne. 
Wayne 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 
Wayne 
Wayne, 
Wayne, 


Waverly,  N.Y 

Waverly,  0 

Waverly,  Pa 

Waverly,  S.D 

Waverly,  ifec,  Va 

Waverly  Hall,  Ga 

Waverly  Mills,  Minn.. 

Wawarsing,  N.Y 

Wawayanda,  N.Y 

Waxahachie,  Tex 

Waxhaw,  S.C 

Waycross,  Ga 

Wayland,  Mass 

Wayland,  Mich 

■Wayland,  Mich 

Wayland,  Mo 

Wayland,  N.Y 

Wayland,  N.Y 

Waymart,  Pa 

Wayne,  111 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mich 

Mich 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.J 

N.Y 

0 

0 „ 

O 

0. 

0. 

o 

0 
0 
0. 
0 

o. 

0. 

0 

0. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

0 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.D 

S.D 

S.D 

Wis 

Wis 

Waynesborough,  Ga 

Waynesborough,  Miss.. 

Waynesborough,  Pa 

Waynesborough,  Tenu. 

Waynesborough,  Va 

Waynesburg,  Ky 

Waynesburg,  0 

Waynesburg,  Pa 

Waynesfield,  0 


Rank  of 
place. 


p08t-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

poet-town 

township 

po8t-vllI 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-Till 

post-boro' 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 


Gonnty. 


Tioga 

Pike 

Lackawanna. . 

Marshall 

Sussex 

Harris 

Wright 

Ulster 

Orange , 

Ellis 

Lancaster , 

Ware , 

Middlesex , 

Allegan 

Allegan , 

Charlton , 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Wayne 

Du  Page 

Allen 

Bartholomew., 

Fulton , 

Hamilton , 

Henry , 

Huntington... 

Jay 

Kosciusko , 

Marion , 

Montgomery... 

Noble 

Owen 

Randolph 

Starke 

Tippecanoe 

Wayne 

Henry 

Jones 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Doniphan 

Edwards 

Kennebec 

Cass 

Wayne 

Bollinger , 

Buchanan 

Wayne 

Passaic 

Steuben 

Adams 

Ashtabula 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Butler 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana.... 

Darke 

Fayette 

Jefferson 

Knox 

Monroe 

Montgomery ., 
Muskingum.... 

Noble 

Pickaway 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas 

Warren 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Erie 

Greene 

Lawrence. 

Mifflin 

Schuylkill 

Hanson 

Lake 

Minnehaha 

Lafayette 

Washington.... 

Burke , 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Wayne , 

Augusta 

Lincoln 

Stark 

Greene , 

Auglaize„....... 


Population. 


18«0.      1890. 


2,767 

1,539 

329 


2,334 

1,038 

124 

8,647 

1,879 

1,354 

1,541 

628 

1,962 

1,942 

546 

917 

2,591 

605 

503 

1,091 

2,100 

1,943 

1,282 

1,639 

3,251 

963 

3,094 

4,777 

4,772 

1,709 

3,526 

1,288 

4,370 

797 

1,323 

17,113 

1,311 

1,178 

495 

627 

1,961 

2*5 

950 

995 

919 

701 

1,111 


1,757 

827 
1,125 

835 
1,288 
1,719 
1,728 
1,631 
2,164 
1,448 

848 
2,762 
1,627 
1,751 
1,621 
1,284 
1,191 
1,605 

761 

811 
11,321 
1,295 
2,904 
1,831 
1,667 

742 
1,697 

677 


1,306 
1,814 
1,368 
1,329 
1,630 


1,056 
1,594 


166 

1,1 

236 

484 
1,440 

622 
1,208 

306 


4,123 

1,567 

292 

212 

2,392 

1,288 

370 

7,758 

1,626 

3,076 

1,572 

3,364 

2,06f) 

1,763 

523 

1,068 

2,3:H 

679 

438 

1,097 

3,812 

1,981 

1,419 

1,814 

3,333 

1,047 

5,274 

5,2.5(1 

7,949 

1,638 

1,191 

1,201 

4,606 

1,305 

1,208 

19,643 

1,221 

1,094 

593 

492 

1,909 

276 

775 

828 

1,226 

1,145 

1,031 

1,178 

2,004 

889 

1,181 

755 

1,451 

1,704 

1,453 

1,389 

1,907 

1,295 

731 

2,903 

1,606 

1,670 

1,437 

1,175 

1,057 

1,582 

708 

676 

12,394 

1,318 

2,369 

1,756 

1,503 

712 

1,673 

612 

997 

1,124 

1,757 

1,737 

1,379 

1,5.33 

806 

311 

287 

1,170 

1,471 

1,711 

468 

3,811 

239 

646 

1,448 

610 

2,101 

480 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Waynesfield,  0 

Waynesville,  Ga 

WaynesTille,  111 

Waynesville,  111 

WaynesTille,  N.C 

Waynesville,  N.C... 

Waynesville,  0 

Waynetown,  Ind..... 

Ways,  Ga 

Way's  Station,  Ga.... 

Wayzata,  Minn 

Wea,  Ind 

Wea,  Kan 

Weare,  Mich 

Weare,  N.H 

Wear's  Valley,  Tenn.... 

Weatherby,  Mo 

Weatherford,  Tex 

Weathorly,  Pa 

Weathersfield,  O 

Weathersfield,  Vt 

Weaubleau,  Mo 

Weaver,  Iowa. 

Weaver,  Neb 

Weaverville,  Cal 

Weavenrille,  N.C 

Webb,  Mo 

Webb  City,  Mo 

Webber,  Mich 

Webberville,  Mich 

Webb  Mills,  Fla 

Webbsborough,  Ga 

Weber,  III 

Weber,  N.D 

Webster,  Ala 

Webster,  Col 

Webster,  Fla 

Webster,  III 

Webster,  Ind 

Webster,  Ind 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Kan 

Webster,  Me 

Webster,  Mass 

Webster,  Mich 

Webster,  Minn 

Webster,  Miss 

Webster,  Neb 

Webster,  Neb 

Webster,  Neb 

Webster,  N.H 

Webster,  N.Y 

Webster,  N.Y 

Webster,  N.C 

Webster,  N.C 

Webster,  N.D 

Webster,  N.D 

Webster,  0 

Webster,  S.D 

Webster,  S.D 

Webster,  S.D 

Webster,  W.  Va_ 

Wel)ster,  W.  Va 

Webster,  Wis 

Webster  City,  Iowa 

Webster  GroTes,  Mo 

Weddington,  Ga 

Wedington,  Ark 

Wedowee,  Ala. 

Wedron,  111 

Weed,  N.M 

Weedsport,  N.Y 

Weehauken,  NJ 

Weeping  Water,  Neb... 
Weeping  Water,  Neb... 

Weesaw,  Mich 

Weigand,  Neb 

Weimar,  Minn 

Weimar,  Tex 

Wein,  Wis 

Weippe,  Idaho 

Weir,  Kan 

Weisenbnrg,  Pa. 

Weiser,  Idaho 

Weiser,  Idaho 

Weissport,  Pa 

Welbom,  Ark 

Welch,  Minn 

Welch,  Mo 

Welch  Creek,  N.C 

Welcome,  Iowa 

Welcome,  Minn 

Weld,  Me 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mil.-dlst 

township 

post-Till 

township 

poBt-vill 

poet-vill 

po8t-tuwn 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

ciTil-dist 

post-town 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

poat-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-beat 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

Ifost-town 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post- Til  I 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-Till 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-Till 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

township 

po«t-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

poet-town 


County. 


Lncas 

Wayne 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Haywood 

Haywood 

Warren 

Montgomery..., 

Thomas 

Bryan 

Hennepin 

Tippecanoe 

Miami 

Oceana 

Hillsborough... 

SeiTer 

De  Kalb 

Parker 

Carbon 

Trumbull 

Windsor 

Hickory 

Humboldt 

Furnas 

Trinity 

Buncombe 

Reynolds 

Jasper 

Lake 

Ingham 

Holmes 

Elbert 

Jefferson 

Sargent 

Fayette 

Park 

Sumter 

Pope 

Harrison 

Wayne 

Hamilton 

Madison 

Polk 

Webster 

Smith 

Androscoggin... 

Worcester 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Winston 

Dodge 

Hitchcock 

Sherman 

Merrimack 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Cass 

Ramsey 

Wood 

Day 

Day 

Hughes 

Marshall 

Taylor 

Vernon 

Hamilton 

St.  Louis 

Paulding. 

Washington 

Randolph 

La  Salle 

Lincoln 

Cayuga 

Hudson 

Cass. 

Caes. 

Berrien 

Knox 

Jackson 

Colorado 

Marathon 

Shoehone 

Cherokee 

Lehigh 

Washington 

Washington 

Carbon 

Conway 

Goodhue 

Cape  Girardeau 

Columbus 

Sioux 

Martin 

Franklin 


PopuUtiOD. 


1880.      1890. 


2,0»6 

546 

1,043 

200 

1,767 

225 

793 

669 

1,949 

2,136 

132 

1,119 

2,467 

716 

1,829 

ljl68 


2,046 
1,977 
6,683 
1,364 


231 


1,816 

147 

1,154 

1,688 

115 

489 


1,068 
1,142 


660 


854 
1,211 
756 
787 
726 
691 
740 


6,696 


872 
2,123 


647 
2,950 

381 
1,612 

107 


1,197 


1,768 

267 

1,060 

1,848 


880 


2,368 
40 


1,411 

1,102 

818 

317 

1,369 


469 
626 
462 


376 
1,627 


388 

2,178 

928 

674 

1,177 


1,040 

281 


1,910 

686 

1,134 

368 

2,606 

466 

704 

676 

2,669 

1,936 

273 

1,047 

1,706 

822 

1,650 

674 

134 

3,369 

2,961 

6,610 

1,174 

1,078 

742 

290 

768 

216 

1,388 

6,043 

162 

404 

271 

1,227 

1,363 

222 

661 

262 

612 

896 

1,261 

601 

931 

760 

868 

905 

645 

961 

7,031 

863 

1,110 

2,640 

1,227 

217 

221 

564 

3,139 

634 

866 

209 

260 

143 

1,420 

1,033 

618 

78 

1,614 

226 

1,092 

2,829 

1,783 

890 

687 

2,093 

117 

278 

1,680 

1,943 

2,173 

1,360 

1,178 

290 

311 

1,443 

444 

166 

2,138 

1,614 

962 

901 

466 

4,071 

867 

666 

1,301 

682 

140 

886 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


"Welda,  Kan 

Weld  City,  Col 

Welden,  Col 

Weldon,  Mich 

Weldon,  N.O 

Weldon,  N.O 

Well,  Neb 

Weller,  111 

Weller,  N.D 

Weller,  O 

Wellersburg,  Pa 

Wellealey,  Mass 

Wellfleet,  Mass 

Wellington,  Ga 

Wellington,  Kan 

Wellington,  Kan 

Wellington,  Me 

Wellington,  Minn 

Wellington,  Mo 

Wellington,  O 

Wellington,  O 

Wellington,  S.D 

Wellington,  Utah 

Wellington,  Wis 

Wells,  Iowa 

Wells,  Kan 

Wells,  Me 

Wells,  Mich 

Wells,  Minn 

Wells,  Minn 

Wells,  Nev 

Wells,  N.Y 

Wells,  0 

Wells,  Pa 

Wells,  Pa. 

Wells,  Vt 

Wells,  Wis 

Wells  Bayou,  Ark 

Wellsborough,  Pa 

Wellsburg,  W.  Va 

Wellsburg,  W.  Va 

Wellsford,  Kan 

Well  Spring,  &c.,  Ore... 

Well's  River,  Vt 

Wellston,  0 

Wellaville,  Kan 

Wellsville,  Mo 

Wellsville,  N.Y 

Wellsville,  N.Y 

Wellsville,  0 

Wellsville,  Utah 

Welsh,  La 

Welton,  Iowa 

Welton,  W.  Va 

Wendell,  Kan 

Wendell,  Mass 

Wenham,  Mass 

Wenona,  111 

Wentworth,  N.H 

Wentworth,  N.O 

Wentworth,  S.D 

Wentzville,  Mo 

Weogufka,  Ala 

Wergeland,  Minn 

Wert,  N.Y 

Weskau,  Kan 

Wesley,  111 

Wesley,  Iowa 

Wesley,  Iowa 

Wesley,  Me 

Wesley,  0 

Wesley,  Tex 

Wesley  Chapel,  Fla 

Wesobulga,  Ala 

Wessington,  S.D 

Wessington,  S.D 

Wessington  Spr'gs,  S.D. 

Wesson,  Miss , 

West,  111 

West,  111 

West,  Ind 

West,  Iowa 

West,  Mo 

West,  0 

West,  Pa 

West  Albany,  Minn.. ., 

West  Albany,  Ore 

West  Alexander,  Pa.., 
West  Alexandria,  0... 

West  Almond,  N.Y 

West  Amwell,N.J , 

West  Annuchee,  Ga... 

West  Bank,  Minn , 

West  Bath,  Me 

West  Bay  City,  Mich. 
West  Beardstown,  111. 

232 


Bank  of 
pltice. 


post-twp 
precinct 
precinct 
post  "  " 
tow  I 
post 


■twp 


township 
post-vill 
precinct 
township 
— 'twp 


-boro' 


post-t 
townsh 
post- 
post-town 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
township 
city 

post-town 
post-twp 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
precinct 
township 
township 
township 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
mag.-dist 
city 

post-twp 
precinct 
post-vill 
city 

post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
city 

post-prect 
post-town 
post-twp 
mag.-dist 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
city 

post-town 
post-twp 
post-twp 
post-vill 
post-prect 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
village 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-vill 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
post-boro' 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
mil.-dist 
township 
township 
.city 
precinct 


County. 


Anderson 

Yuma 

Morgan 

Benzie 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Lincoln 

Henry 

McLean 

Richland 

Somerset 

Norfolk 

Barnstable 

Morgan 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Piscataquis 

Benville 

Lafayette 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Minnehaha 

Kmery 

Monroe 

Appanoose 

Marshall 

York 

Tuscola 

Faribault , 

Rice 

Elko 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Bradford 

Fulton 

Rutland , 

Monroe , 

Lincoln 

Tioga 

Brooke , 

Brooke 

Kiowa 

Morrow , 

Orange 

Jackson , 

Franklin 

Montgomery.., 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Columbiana... 

Cache - 

Calcasieu 

Clinton 

Mineral 

Thomas 

Franklin 

Essex 

Marshall 

Grafton 

Rockingham.. 

Lake 

Saint  Charles.. 

Coosa 

Yellow  Med... 

Alleghany 

Wallace 

Will 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Austin 

Pasco 

Clay 

Beadle 

Beadle 

Jerauld 

Copiah 

Effingham 

McLean 

Marshall 

Montgomery.. 
New  Madrid... 
Columbiana... 
Huntingdon... 

Wabasha 

Linn 

Washington... 

Preble 

Alleghany 

Henderson 

Walker 

Swift 

Sagadahoc 

Bay 

Caas » 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


94 

3,129 

932 


1,509 


1,076 
226 


1,875 
902 
726 

2,694 
647 
335 
378 

2,384 

1,811 


1,050 

915 

668 

2,450 

440 

661 

1,100 

243 

1,113 

1,406 

1,148 

614 

665 

658 

355 

2,228 

1,815 

1,815 


613 

952 

143 

867 

4,259 

2,049 

3,377 

1,193 


889 
877 


465 
889 
911 
939 
2,488 


543 

836 

215 

1.225 


742 
643 


245 
1,482 


1,707 
1,047 
1,244 

1,770 
974 


2,050 
763 
829 
539 
395 
796 
803 

1,039 
714 
205 
315 

6,397 


762 

120 

102 

97 

3,639 

1,286 

97 

1,353 

109 

922 

183 

3,600 

1,291 

923 

678 

4,391 

584 

586 

446 

2,633 

2,069 

335 

230 

1,120 

922 

764 

2,029 

779 

1,208 

979 

254 

1,298 

1,929 

985 

656 

621 

642 

821 

2,961 

2,236 

2.235 

492 

441 

626 

4,377 

392 

1,138 

4,765 

3,435 

6,247 

1,046 

200 

916 

916 

500 

505 

886 

1,053 

698 

2,622 

417 

467 

818 

403 

1,219 

350 

646 

693 

440 

227 

1,361 

370 

366 

792 

298 

160 

267 

3,168 

901 

1,135 

1,683 

788 

1,176 

1,859 

773 

621 

1,290 

444 

575 

649 

866 

734 

404 

307 

12,981 

58 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


West  Bear  River,  Cal... 

West  Beaver,  Pa 

West  Bellevue,  Pa 

West  Bend,  Iowa 

West  Bend,  Iowa 

West  Bend,  Wis 

West  Bend,  Wis 

West  Berlin,  Md 

West  Bethlehem,  Pa.... 
West  Bethlehem,  Pa. ... 
West  Bloomfleld,  Mich. 
West  Bloomfleld,  N.Y... 

West  Blue,  Neb 

West  Blue,  Neb 

West  Blue,  Neb 

West  Boone,  Mo 

Westborough,  Mass 

Westborough,  Mo 

Westborough,  Wis 

West  Bowersville,  Ga... 
West  Boylston,  Mass.... 

West  Bradford,  Pa. 

West  Branch,  Iowa 

West  Branch,  Iowa 

West  Branch,  Kan 

West  Branch,  Mich 

West  Branch,  Mich 

West  Branch,  Mich 

West  Branch,  Neb 

West  Branch,  Pa 

West  Brandywiue,  Pa... 
West  Bridgewater,Mas8 

Westbrook,  Conn  

Westbrook,  Me 

Westbrook,  Minn 

Westbrook,  N.C 

West  Brookfleld,  Mass 
West  Brownsville,  Pa- 
West  Brunswick,  Pa... 

West  Buffalo,  Pa 

Westburg,  Iowa 

West  Burlington,  Iowa 
West  Burlington,  Pa... 

West  Butte,  Ore 

West  Cairo,  0 

West  Cain,  Pa 

West  Cape  May,  N.J. ... 
West  Carrollton,  0... 
West  Carthage,  N.Y. 
West  Chehalem,  Ore.... 
West  Cherry,  Kan.... 
Westchester,  Ind...., 
West  Chester,  Mo..., 
Westchester,  N.Y.... 

West  Chester,  O 

Westchester,  Pa...., 
West  Clearfield,  Pa., 
West  Cleveland,  0... 

Westcliffe,  Col 

Westcliffe,  Col , 

West  Cocalico,  Pa..., 
West    College    Corner, 

Ind 

West  Columbia,  W.  Va. 
West  Conshohocken,Pa 
West  Covington,  Ky... 

West  Creek,  Ind 

West  Dallas,  Mo 

West  Dallas,  Ac,  Ore. .. 

West  Dallas,  Tex 

West  Decorah,  Iowa.... 

West  Deer,  Pa 

West  Deerfield,  111 

West  Deptford,  N.J 

West  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

West  Dolan,  Mo 

West  Donegal,  Pa... 
West  Duluth,  Minn 
West  Dundee,  III.... 

West  Earl,  Pa 

West  Elizabeth,  Pa. 

West  Elkton,  0 

West  End,  Ga , 

West  End,  N.D 

West  End,  Va 

Westerheim,  Minn.. 

Westerlo,  N.Y 

Westerly,  R.I 

Western,  III 

Western,  III 

Western,  Kan 

Western,  Minn 

Western,  Neb 

Western,  Neb 

Western,  Neb 

Western,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

district 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

tOWDBllip 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

borough 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

pr*:inct 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Yuba 

Snyder. 

Alleghany 

Palo  Alto 

Palo  Alto 

Washington... 
Wa8hington„. 

Worcester. 

Lehigh 

Washington... 

Oakland. 

Ontario 

Adams. 

Fillmore 

York 

Bates 

Worcester 

Atchison 

Taylor 

Franklin 

Worcester 

Chester 

Cedar 

Sioux 

Marion 

Missaukee 

Ogemaw ^ 

Ogemaw 

Pawnee 

Potter 

Chester 

Plymouth 

Middlesex 

Cumberland.., 
Cottonwood.... 

Sampson 

Worcester 

Washington.., 

Schuylkill 

Union 

Buchanan 

Des  Moines..., 

Bradford 

Washington.., 

Allen 

Chester 

Cape  May 

Montgomery., 

Jefferson 

Yam  Hill , 

Montgomery. 

Porter 

Greene 

Westchester.. 

Butler 

Chester 

Clearfield , 

Cuyahoga. 

Custer , 

Custer , 

Lancaster , 


Union 

Mason 

Montgomery., 

Kenton 

Lake , 

Webster , 

Wasco 

Dallas 

Winneshiek.., 

Alleghany 

Lake 

Gloucester 

Mahaska. 

Cass , 

Lancaster 

St.  Louis 

Kane 

Lancaster 

Alleghany 

Preble 

Fulton 

Richland 

Augusta 

Lyon 

Albany 

Washington.., 

Henry 

Williamson..., 

Logan 

Otter  Tail 

Johnson 

Knox 

Saline 

Oneida...... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


371 

1,365 

326 

307 


850 
1,273 
2,285 
1,414 
2,123 
1,096 
1,713 
918 
603 


230 


2,994 

1,620 

601 

420 


139 

334 

374 

874 

1,666 

878 

3,981 

196 

2,027 

1,917 

671 

1,368 

1,208 

620 


915 


316 
1,275 


807 

5.35 

934 

1,884 


6,789 

281 

7,046 


1,781 


2,312 


727 
1,462 
1,526 
1,219 


674 
1,438 


1,399 


1,272 


585 
2,062 
838 
247 
874 


283 
2,324 
6,104 
1,741 

921 


421 
'2,'2&t 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


We8i 
-We* 
■Wes 
••Wes' 
•VVfsi 
Wes 
AVfS 
AVesi 
■Wes 
liWsi 
"VV'es 
■\V>s 

"VVVs 
"Wes 

"Wesi 
"\VeS 

Wesi 
■Wes 
"Wes 
Wes 
"Wes 
Wes 
Wesi 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
•Wes' 
"Wes 
"Wesi 
Wes 
Wes 
Wesi 
■Wesi 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
"Wes! 
Wes 
Wes 
"Wes 
Wes 
Wesi 
Wes! 
Wesi 
Wes 
Wesi 
Wes- 
Wes 
Wes 
W'es 
Wesi 
Wesi 
■Wes 
Wesi 
Wes 
Wes 
AVes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wesi 
Wesi 
Md 
W.s 
Wesi 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
AVes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wesi 
Wesi 
Wes 
W 

Wesi 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wes 
Wesi 
Wesi 
Wes 
W 
W 
Wes 
"Wesi 


em  Branch,  'Va.... 

ern  Mound,  111 

ern  Port,  Md 

em  Port,  Md 

ern  Prong,  N.C 

ern  Springs,  III.... 

ern  Star,  0 ~... 

ern  Star,  0 

erville,  Neb 

erville.  Neb 

erville,  0 

Fairlee,  Vt 

Fairview,  Pa 

fall,  Pa. 

Fallowfleld.Pa.... 

Fallowfleld,Pa.... 

Ferndale,  Wash... 

field.  111 

field,  111 

field,  111 

field,  Ind 

field,  Iowa 

field,  Iowa 

field.  Mass 

field,  Minn 

field,  N.J 

field,  NY 

field,  N.Y 

field,  N.Y 

field,  N.C 

field,  0 

field,  O 

field.  Pa 

field,  Pa 

field,  Vt 

field,  Wis 

field.  Wis 

field.  Wis 

Finley,  Pa 

ford,  Mass 

ford,  Minn 

ford,  N.Y 

ford,  Vt 

ford,  Wis 

ford.  Wis 

Fork,  Ark 

Fork,  Iowa 

Fork,  Iowa 

Fork,  Iowa 

Fork,  N.C 

Four  Mile,  Col.... 

Franklin,  Pa 

Galena,  111 

Gallatin,  Mont.... 

Gardiner,  Me 

Glasgow,  Ga 

Goshen,  Pa 

Grafton,  W.  Va... 

Greene,  Ala 

Greene,  Mo 

Greenwich,  R.I... 

Grove,  Iowa 

Gunnison,  Col 

Guthrie,  Okla 

Hagerstown,  Ac, 


hampton,  Maas 

hampton,  N.J 

Hanover,  Pa 

Harrison,  Ind 

Hiirrisvilie,  Mich. 

Hartford,  Conn... 

Haven,  Vt 

Haverstraw,  N.Y. 

Hazleton,  Pa 

Hemlock,  Pa 

Hempfield,  Pa 

Heron  Lake,Minn 

Hoboken,  N.J 

Indiana,  Pa 

Indianapolis,Ind. 

Jefferson,  0 

Jersey,  111 

Jordan,  Utah 

Keating,  Pa 

Kewaunee,  Wis... 

Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Lafayette,  Ind.... 

Lampeter,  Pa 

land,  0 

Latrobe,  Pa. 

Lebanon, Ind 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Leipsic,  0 

Liberty,  Iowa 

Liberty,  Ky _ 

16 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

poat-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

p^'ecinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

post- bo  ro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

lK)st-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 


County. 


Norfolk , 

Macoupin 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Columbus 

Cook 

Medina 

Summit „, 

Custer 

Custer 

Franklin 

Orange 

Cumberland 

Pike 

Chester 

Crawford 

Whatcom 

Bureau 

Clark 

Clark 

Hamilton 

Plymouth 

Fayette 

Hampden 

Dodge 

Union 

Chautauqua 

Chautauqua..... 

Richmond 

Surry 

Medina 

Morrow 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Orleans 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Sauk 

Washington 

Middlesex 

Martin 

Otsego 

Chittenden 

Dodge 

Richland 

Washington 

Franklin 

Monona 

Woodbury 

Madison 

Park 

Armstrong 

Jo  Daviess 

Gallatin 

Kennebec 

Thomas 

Chester 

Taylor 

Greene 

Lawrence 

Kent 

Davis 

Gunnison 

Logan 


Washington...., 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Dauphin 

Dearborn 

Alcona 

Hartford 

Rutland 

Rockland , 

Luzerne 

Montour 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Hudson 

Indiana 

Marion , 

Madison 

Stark 

Salt  Lake , 

Clinton. ...V < 

Kewaunee 

Knox 

Tipi>ecanoe 

Lancaster 

Guernsey 

Westmoreland. 

Warren 

Lebanon 

Putnam „. 

Muscatine 

Morgan 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


7,990 

984 

2,144 

1,468 

456 

172 

112 

76 


1,148 
1,038 
1,090 
1,542 
1,048 
482 


1,319 

1,234 

647 

350 

104 

999 

7,587 

541 

2,216 

3,323 

1,924 

5,289 

1,495 

1,045 

1,199 

907 

579 

698 

834 

288 

1,462 

1,524 

2,147 

186 

1,271 

1,133 

1,098 

1,002 

798 

615 

181 

285 

621 


1,129 
5,837 


977 
1,712 
1,133 

641 


1,018 
1,100 


563 

715 

1,064 

290 


1,828 
492 


191 

395 

3,916 

96 

5,441 

1,077 


720 

1,207 

857 

273 

1,638 


717 
2,026 
925 
159 
665 


1,141 
1,764 


9,590 

921 

2,401 

1,526 

687 

451 

77 

88 

919 

18 

1,329 

661 

1,137 

1,558 

1,039 

364 

579 

1,224 

1,190 

610 

815 

465 

909 

9,805 

581 

2,739 

3,401 

1,983 

8,258 

1,757 

1,090 

1,036 

1,261 

1,128 

763 

1,012 

500 

1,357 

1,525 

2,250 

260 

1,023 

1,033 

970 

1,124 

1,268 

653 

344 

622 

854 

32 

1,152 

4,683 

224 

853 

1,451 

1,111 

810 

1,119 

925 

798 

927 

616 

404 

3,451 

477 

688 

1,013 

320 

693 

1,930 

412 

180 

931 

390 

3,704 

144 

11,666 

1,634 

3,527 

778 

976 

732 

263 

1,620 

2,114 

1,242 

1,847 

819 

591 

644 

761 

502 

1,268 

1,947 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


West  Liberty,  Ky 

West  Liberty,  Pa 

West  Lincoln,  III 

West  Lincoln,  Neb 

West  Lincoln,  Neb 

West  Line,  Minn 

West  Line,  Mo 

West  MacGregor,  Iowa 
West  MacPherson,Neb. 

West  Madison,  Ind 

West  Mahanoy,  Pa 

West  Mahoning,  Pa 

West  Manchester,  Pa... 

West  Mauheim,  Pa 

West  Mansfield,  0 

Westmark,  Neb 

West  Marlborough,  Pa. 

West  Memphis,  Ark 

West  Middleburg,  0 

West  Middlesex,  Pa 

West  Middletown,  Pa... 

West  Milford,  N.J 

West  Milford,  W.  Va... 

West  Mill  Grove,  0 

West  Millville,  Pa 

West  Milton,  0 

Westminster,  Cal 

Westminster,  Kan 

Westminster,  Md 

Westminster,  Md 

Westminster,  Mass 

Westminster,  S.C 

Westminster,  Vt 

West  Mitchell,  Iowa.... 

West  Monroe,  La 

West  Monroe,  N.Y 

Westmore,  Vt 

Westmoreland,  Kan 

Westmoreland,  N.H 

Westmoreland,  N.Y 

West  Muddy,  Neb 

West  Muddy,  Neb 

West  Nantmeal,  Pa 

West  Nashville,  Tenn.. 
West  Newbury,  Mass... 

West  Newcastle,  Pa 

West  Newton,  Minn.... 

West  Newton,  Pa 

West  Norwood,  0 

West  Nottingham,  Pa.. 

West  Oak,  Neb 

West  Omaha,  Neb 

Weston,  Conn 

Weston,  Ga 

Weston,  Ky 

Weston,  Mo 

Weston,  Mass 

Weston,  Mo 

Weston,  Mo 

Weston,  Neb 

Weston,  0 

Weston,  0 

Weston,  Ore 

Weston,  Ore 

Weston,  Ac,  S.D 

Weston,  Vt 

Weston,  W.  Va 

Weston,  Wis 

Weston,  Wis 

Weston,  Wis 

West  Orange,  N.J 

Westover,  Ala 

West  Peculiar,  Mo 

West  Penn,  Pa 

West  Pennsborough,  Pa 

West  Perry,  Pa 

Westphalia,  Iowa 

Westphalia,  Kan 

Westphalia,  Kan 

Westphalia,  Mich 

Westphalia,  Mich 

West  Pikeland,  Pa 

West  Pike  Run,  Pa 

West  Pittston,  Pa 

West  Plains,  Kan 

West  Plains,  Kan 

West  Plains,  Mo 

West  Point,  Cal 

West  Point,  Ga 

West  Point,  Ga 

West  Point,  111 

West  Point,  Ind 

West  Point,  Iowa. 

West  Point,  Iowa 

West  Point,  Iowa. 

West  Point,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

borongb 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poet-boro' 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

borough 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

village 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

lX)st-twp 

township 

borough 

township 

post-bmlt 

city 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Morgan », 

Alleghany 

Logan 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Redwood 

Cass 

Clayton 

McPherson 

Jefferson 

Schuylkill 

Indiana , 

York 

York 

Logan , 

Phelps , 

Chester 

Crittenden , 

Logan 

Mercer , 

Washington..... 

Passaic 

Harrison 

Wood 

Clarion , 

Miami 

Orange 

Reno 

Carroll , 

Carroll 

Worcester , 

Oconee 

Windham 

Mitchell 

Ouachita 

Oswego 

Orleans 

Pottawatomie.. 

Cheshire 

Oneida 

Frontier 

Gosper 

Chester 

Davidson 

Essex 

Lawrence 

Nicollet 

Westmoreland. 

Hamilton 

Chester 

Lancaster 

Douglas 

Fairfield 

Webster 

Crittenden 

Aroostook - 

Middlesex , 

Platte 

Platte. 

Saunders 

Wood 

Wood 

Umatilla 

Umatilla , 

Marshall 

Windsor , 

Lewis „^ 

Clarke 

Dunn 

Marathon 

Essex 

Covington 

Cass 

Schuylkill 

Cumberland.... 

Snyder 

Shelby 

Anderson....... 

Anderson 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Chester , 

Washington..... 

Luzerne , 

Meade , 

Meade ■ 

Howell 

Calaveras 

Troup 

Troup 

Stephenson 

White 

Butler 

Lee. 

Lee 

Hardin 


PopulatioD. 


1880.      1890. 


226 

866 

3,488 


168 
134 


4,494 
1,170 
2,476 
1,194 
333 


1,146 


272 

918 

312 

2,591 


222 

290 

688 

961 

222 

5,573 

2,507 

1,652 

162 

1,377 

307 


1,314 
480 


1,095 
2,744 


291 

1,027 


1,989 


680 
1,476 


864 

337 

674 

918 

176 

162 

417 

1,448 

2,156 

1,329 

63 

2,351 

698 

1,265 

446 


987 

1,616 

630 

506 

968 

3,385 

300 

776 

2,215 

2,161 

749 

697 


1,738 


1,005 

885 

2,644 


351 

173 

2,372 

1,972 

2,744 

836 

800 

1,840 

704 

1,908 

288 


234 

863 

4,086 

723 

443 

141 

178 

74 

162 

467 

4,743 

1,056 

l,74;i 

1,269 

431 

501 

1,041 

375 

346 

966 

236 

2,486 

210 

207 

376 

796 

1,864 

416 

6,977 

2,903 

1,688 

582 

1,266 

232 

447 

1,100 

395 

478 

830 

2,313 

487 

460 

995 

1,047 

1,796 

1,761 

691 

2,285 

612 

817 

565 

1,049 

772 

216 

168 

404 

1,664 

1,940 

1,134 

341 

1,668 

845 

1,444 

568 

616 

864 

2,143 

863 

690 

1,776 

4,358 

476 

901 

2,266 

2,263 

752 

1,266 

1,201 

376 

1,699 

360 

664 

898 

3,906 

279 

62 

2,091 

266 

2,390 

1,264 

2,389 

906 

1,0.33 

1,426 

498 

1,733 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


West  Point,  Miss 

West  Point,  Mo 

West  Point,  Neb 

West  Point,  Neb 

West  Point,  Va 

West  Point,  Va 

West  Point,  Wis 

Westport,  Cal 

Westport,  Conn 

Westport,  Ind 

Westport,  Iowa 

Westport,  Ky 

Westport,  Ky 

Westport,  Me 

Westport,  Mass 

Westport,  Minn 

Westport,  Mo 

Westport,  N.Y 

Westport,  N.Y 

Westport,  Ore 

Westport,  S.D 

Westport,  Wis 

West  Prairie,  Ark 

West  Providence,  Pa.... 

West  Randolph,  Vt 

West  River,  Ind 

West  Rockhill.  Pa 

West  Roseland,  111 

West  Rushville,  O 

West  Rutland,  Vt 

West  Sadsbury,  Pa 

West  Suiut  Clair,  Pa.... 
West  Saint  Paul,  Minn. 
West  Salamanca,  N.Y.. 

West  Salem,  111 

West  Salem,  O 

West  Salem,  Pa 

West  Salem,  Wis 

West  Saratoga,  111 

West  Seneca,  N.Y 

West  Shenango,  Pa 

West  Side,  Iowa 

West  Side,  Iowa 

Westside,  Minn 

Westside,  Neb 

West  Sparta,  N.Y 

West  Springfield,  111... 
West  Springfield,  Mass. 
West  Stockbridge,Ma88. 

West  Sweden,  Wis 

West  Taylor,  Pa 

Westtown,  Pa 

West  Troy,  N.Y 

West  Turin,  N.Y 

West  Union,  Iowa 

West  Union,  Iowa 

West  Union,  Kan 

West  Union,  Minn 

West  Union,  Neb 

West  Union,  N.Y 

West  Union,  0 

West  Union,  8.C 

West  Union,  W.  Va.  ... 
West  Union,  W.  Va  .... 

West  Unity,  0 

West  Valley,  Minn 

West  Vernon,  Qa 

Westville,  Ala 

Westville,  Fla 

Westville,  Ind 

Westville,  N.Y 

Westville,  Va 

West  Vincent,  Pa 

West  Weber,  Utah 

West  Wheatfield,  Pa.... 
West  Wheeling,  O... 
West  Whiteland,  Pa. 
West  Windsor,  N.J.. 
West  Windsor,  Vt.... 
West  Winfield,  N.Y. 

Westwood,  0 

Wetaug,  III 

Wetheredville,  Md... 
Wethersfield,  Conn., 

Wethersfleld,  111 

Wethersfield,  N.Y.... 

Wetmore,  Kan 

Wetmore,  Kan 

Wetmore,  Pa 

Wetumpka,  Ala 

Wetumpka,  Ala , 

Wewahitchka,  Fla... 

Wexford,  Mich 

Weyauwega,  Wis 

Weyauwega,  Wis 

Weybridge,  Vt 

234 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil. -diet 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Clay 

Bates 

Cuming 

Cuming 

King  William. 
King  William. 

Columbia 

Mendocino 

Fairfield 

Decatur.. 

Dickinson 

Oldham 

Oldham 

Lincoln 

Bristol 

Pope 

Jackson 

Essex 

Essex 

Clatsop 

Brown 

Dane 

Poinsett 

Bedford 

Orange 

Randolph 

Bucks .' 

Cook 

Fairfield 

Rutland 

Chester 

Bedford 

Dakota 

Cattaraugus.... 

Edwards 

Wayne 

Mercer 

La  Crosse 

Union 

Erie 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Nobles 

Phelps 

Livingston 

Sangamon 

Hampden 

Berkshire 

Polk 

Cambria 

Chester 

Albany 

Lewis 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Norton 

Todd 

Custer 

Steuben 

Adams 

Oconee 

Doddridge 

Doddridge 

Williams 

Marshall 

Troup 

Dale 

Holmes 

La  Porte 

Franklin 

Mathews 

Chester 

Weber 

Indiana 

Belmont 

Chester 

Mercer. 

Windsor 

Herkimer 

Hamilton^ 

Pulaski 

Baltimore 

Hartford 

Henry 

Wyoming 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

McKean 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Calhoun 

Wexford , 

Waupaca , 

Waupaca 

Addison 


Population. 


1880. 


1,786 
777 


1,009 

3,000 

557 

852 


3,477 
212 
53 
767 
219 
612 

2,894 
291 

2,577 

1,737 
364 
193 


1,987 
178 
1,179 
1,069 
1,651 


212 


693 
951 


469 
315 
878 
2,071 
432 


3,463 
361 

1,591 
446 
339 


1,157 


4,149 

1,923 

173 


848 
8,820 
2,006 
2,448 
1,551 
684 
407 


1,271 
626 
192 

1,654 
356 
884 


1,022 
797 


627 

1,687 

2,867 

1,238 

603 

1,369 

470 

1,345 

1,396 

690 

694 

852 

543 

316 

2,173 

1,265 

1,311 

663 

340 

1,438 

3,912 

816 

240 

419 

1,243 

722 


1890. 


2,762 

822 

1,842 

1,842 

4,522 

2,018 

701 

1,414 

3,715 

452 

245 

614 

181 

451 

2,599 

467 

1,358 

1,864 

663 

208 

424 

1,893 

323 

1,710 

1,573 

1,746 

1,193 

1,407 

195 

3,680 

774 

944 

1,696 

496 

476 

756 

2,043 

642 

1,168 

3,485 

328 

1,658 

448 

310 

317 

1,008 

668 

5,077 

1,492 

270 

1,277 

895 

12,967 

1,803 

1,676 

1,676 

354 

537 

730 

1,167 

825 

235 

1,724 

.312 

872 

137 

1,009 

874 

286 

622 

1,376 

2,939 

1,081 

722 

1,771 

574 

1,096 

1,329 

570 

741 

1,060 

617 

804 

2,271 

1,210 

1,032 

1,101 

522 

1,959 

4,530 

619 

?200 

6.59 

1,252 

706 

543 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Weymouth,  Mass 

Weymouth,  N.J 

Whalan,  Minn 

Whaleyville,  Va 

Wharton,  Pa 

Wharton,  Pa 

Wharton  Creek,  Ark.... 

What  Cheer,  Iowa 

Whatcom,  Wash 

Whatcom,  Wash 

Whately,  Mass 

Wheatfield,  III 

Wheatfield,  Ind 

Wheatfield,  Mich 

Wheatfield,  Mich 

Wheatfield,  N.Y 

Wheatfield,  N.D 

Wheatfield,  Pa 

Wheatland,  Cal 

Wheatland,  111 

Wheatland,  III 

Wheatland,  III 

Wheatland,  III 

Wheatland,  Iowa 

Wheatland,  Iowa 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Mich 

Wheatland,  Mich 

Wheatland,  Mich 

Wheatland,  Minn 

Wheatland,  Mo 

Wheatland,  N.Y 

Wheatland,  N.D 

Wheatland,  N.D 

Wheatland,  Pa 

Wheatland,  S.D 

Wheatland,  Wis 

Wheatland,  Wis 

Wheatley,  Ark 

Wheaton,  111 

Wheaton,  Md 

Wheaton,  Minn 

Wheaton,  S.D 

Wheaton,  Wis 

Wheeler,  Ala 

Wheeler,  Ark 

Wheeler,  Ark 

Wheeler,  Col 

Wheeler,  Iowa 

Wheeler,  Iowa 

Wheeler,  Mich 

Wheeler,  N.Y 

Wheelersburg,  0 

Wheelerville,  Ala 

Wheeling,  III 

Wheeling,  III 

Wheeling,  Minn 

Wheeling,  Mo 

Wheeling,  O 

Wheeling,  O 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 

Wheelock,  Vt 

Whelchels,  Ga 

Whetstone,  Ky 

Whetstone,  0 

Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh; 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 
Wh 


gham,  Ga 

gham,  6a 

pple  Barracks,  Ariz 
skey  Run,  Ind.. 

stler,  Ala 

taker,  Ga 

taker,  N.C , 

te.  Ark 

te.  Ark 

te.  Ark , 

te,  Ark 

te,  Ga 

te,  Kan 

te,  Mo 

te,  Mo 

te,  N.C 

te,  Pa , 

te.  Pa 

te.  Pa. 

te,  S.D 

te,  S.D 

te  Bear,  Minn.. 
te  Bear  Lake,  Minn 
te  Bear  Lake,  Minn 
te  Breast,  Iowa, 
te  BrcMst,  Iowa. 

te  Castle,  La 

te  Chapel,  Va..., 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-Till 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

p>ost-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-Till 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Norfolk 

Atlantic 

Fillmore 

Nansemoud 

Fayette 

Potter 

Madison 

Keokuk 

Whatcom 

Whatcom 

Franklin 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Ingham 

Montmorency . 

Niagara 

Grand  Forks. .. 

Perry 

Yuba 

Bureau 

Fayette 

Macon 

Will 

Carroll 

Clinton 

Barton 

Dickinson 

Ellis 

Ford 

Hillsdale 

Mecosta 

Sanilac 

Rice 

Hickory 

Monroe 

Cass 

Griggs 

Mercer 

Day 

Kenosha 

Vernon 

Saint  Francis.. 

Du  Page 

Montgomery... 

Traverse 

Hand 

Chippewa 

Colbert 

Van  Buren 

Washington.... 

Summit 

Lyon 

Sac 

Gratiot 

Steuben 

Scioto 

Mobile 

Cook 

Cook 

Rice 

Livingston 

Belmont 

Guernsey 

Ohio 

Caledonia 

Hall 

Cumberland.... 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Yavapai 

Crawford 

Mobile 

Harris 

Nash 

Ashley 

Newton 

Pike 

Polk 

Jones 

Kingman 

Benton 

Macon 

Bertie 

Beavor 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Brookings 

Marshall 

Ramsey 

Ramsey 

Pope 

Lucas 

Warren 

Iberville 

Lancaster 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


10,570 
741 
134 


1,704 
346 
363 
719 


1,074 
954 

238 
1,207 


4,390 


790 
636 
606 
958 
1,187 
1,098 
916 
616 
366 
816 


550 

1,388 

981 


1,464 
*2,599 


683 


835 

917 

357 

1,160 


1,285 
681 


124 

627 
968 

1,424 
422 
413 

2,296 


917 

857 

1,349 

1,284 

30,737 

829 

673 

800 

1,840 

1,545 

144 


1,288 

2,374 

1,204 

3,267 

549 

641 

947 

607 

480 

472 

2,454 

660 

1,164 


383 
1,716 


700 
435 
514 
739 
1,120 


1,8 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


White  City,  Kan 

White  Clay,  Neb 

White  Clay  Creeli,  Del. 

White  Cloud,  Iowa 

White  Cloud,  Kan 

White  Cloud,  Mich 

White  Cloud,  Mo 

White  Creek,  Ga 

White  Creek,  N.Y 

White  Creek,  N.C 

White  Deer,  Pa_ 

White  Earth,  Minn 

White  Eyes,  0 

Whitefield,  111 

Whiteheld,  Me 

Whitefield,  Minn 

Whitefield,  N.H 

Whitefish,  Mich 

Whiteford,  Mich 

Whitehall,  Ala 

Whitehall,  111 

Whitehall,  111 

Whitehall,  Mich 

Whitehall,  Mich 

Whitehall,  Mont 

Whitehall,  N.Y 

Whitehall,  N.Y 

Whitehall,  Pa 

Whitehall,  S.C 

Whitehall,  Va 

Whitehall,  Wis 

Whitehead  Mills,  Tenn 

White  House,  N.C 

White  House,  0 

White  House,  Pa 

White  Lake,  Mich 

White  Lake,  S.D 

White  Lake,  S.D 

Whiteland,  Ind 

Whiteley,  Pa 

Whitemarsh,  Pa 

White  Mound,  Kan 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Cal 

White  Oak,  111 

White  Oak,  111 

White  Oak,  Iowa 

White  Oak,  Iowa 

White  Oak,  Ky 

White  Oak,  Ky 

White  Oak,  Mich 

White  Oak,  Mo 

White  Oak,  Mo 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C ^.. 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  0 

White  Oaks,  N.M 

White  Oaks,  N.M 

White  Oak  Springs, Wis 
White  Pigeon,  Mich.... 
White  Pigeon,  Mich.... 

White  Pine,  Col 

White  Pine,  Col 

White  Plains,  Ala 

White  Plains,  Ala 

White  Plains,  Ga 

White  Plains,  Ga 

White  Plains,  Ga 

White  Plains,  Ky 

White  Plains,  N.Y 

White  Plains,  N.Y 

White  Plains,  S.C 

White  Post,  Ind 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Cal 

White  River,  Col 

White  River,  Ind 

White  River,  Ind 

White  River,  Ind 

White  River,  Ind 

White  River,  Mich 

White  River,  Mo 

White  River,  Neb 

White  Rock,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

precinct 

hundred 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

po8t>twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 


County. 


Morris 

Sheridan 

New  Castle 

Mills 

Doniphan 

Newaygo 

Nodaway 

White 

Washington.... 

Bladen 

Union 

Becker 

Coshocton 

Marshall 

Lincoln 

Kandiyohi 

Coos 

Chippewa 

Monroe 

Lowndes 

Greene 

Greene 

Muskegon 

Muskegon  

Jefferson 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Lehigh 

Abbeville 

Albemarle 

Trempealeau .. 

Carter 

Robe8on...„ 

Lucas 

Luzerne 

Oakland 

Aurora 

Aurora 

Johnson 

Greene 

Montgomery... 

Jewell 

Cleveland 

Franklin 

Sebastian 

Van  Buren 

£1  Dorado 

Gallatin 

McLean 

Mahaska 

Warren 

Adair 

Leslie 

Ingham 

Harrison 

Henry 

Bladen 

Carteret 

Jones 

Onslow 

Polk 

Wake 

Highland 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lafayette 

Saint  Joseph. .. 
Saint  Joseph... 

Gunnison 

Gunnison 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Greene 

Greene 

Lincoln 

Hopkins 

Westchester.... 
Westchester.... 
Spartanburg.... 

Pulaski 

Independence.. 

Izard 

Marion 

Prairie 

Washington.... 

White 

Tulare 

Rio  Blanco 

Gibson 

Hamilton 

Johnson 

Randolph 

Muskegon 

Barry 

Sioux 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


158 


2,776 
776 
826 
440 

1,641 


2,742 

1,612 

1,866 

810 

960 

1,034 

1,611 

434 

1,828 


2,044 
1,213 


1,835 
1,724 


5,347 
4,270 
3,929 
1,793 
4,253 

267 
1,010 
1,428 

564 
1,408 

998 


230 
997 

3,239 
751 
320 

3,863 


729 

841 

532 
1,283 

693 
1,340 

306 
1,181 
1,105 

565 
1,507 
1,108 

961 
1,662 
1,119 
1,948 
1,248 


268 

451 

1,707 

1,021 


1,280 

140 

1,218 

459 

979 

35 

4,094 

2,381 

2,337 

862 

1,778 

307 

641 

2,039 

1,766 

1,141 

96 


2,636 
2,112 
2,062 
6,237 
508 
796 


337 


391 

132 

2,870 

673 

699 

743 

1,652 

564 

2,690 

1,642 

1,907 

207 

1,048 

821 

1,215 

509 

2,041 

251 

1,901 

1,146 

3,244 

1,961 

2,014 

1,902 

216 

5,402 

4,434 

5,514 

2,362 

3,624 

304 

1,212 

1,729 

607 

1,634 

857 

746 

366 

212 

1,068 

3,616 

899 

377 

3,938 

504 

320 

698 

887 

694 

1,449 

534 

1,334 

347 

1,070 

1,148 

680 

1,685 

1,028 

978 

1,756 

1,166 

1,843 

1,205 

719 

385 

384 

1,546 

961 

237 

143 

1,300 

202 

1,326 

510 

802 

59 

4,608 

4,042 

3,362 

922 

1,913 

419 

951 

1,923 

970 

1,343 

639 

86 

2,692 

2,139 

2,072 

5,944 

633 

1,637 

313 

654 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


White  Rock,  HI 

White  Rock,  Kan 

White  Bock,  Kan 

White  Rock,  Kan 

White  Bock,  Mich 

White  Rock,  Mo 

White  Rock,  S.D 

Whites,  Ac,  Ala. 

White  Salmon,  Wash... 
Whitesborough,  N.Y.... 
Whitesborough,  Tex.... 

Whitesburg,  Ala 

Whitesburg,  Ga. 

Whitesburg,  Ga 

Whitesliurg,  Ky 

Whitesburg,  Tenn 

White  Shoals,  Va 

Whiteside,  S.D 

Whiteside,  Tenn 

White  Springs,  Fla 

White  Springs,  Fla 

White's  Store,  N.C 

Whitestone,  N,Y 

Whitestone,  N.D 

White  Stone,  Va 

Whitestown,  N.Y 

Whitestown,  Wis 

White  Sulphur,  Ky 

White  Sulphur,  Ky 

White  Sulphur,  W.  Va. 
White  Sulphur  Springs, 

Ga 

White  Sulphur  Springs, 

Ky 

White  Sulphur  Springs, 

Mont 

Whitesville,  Ga 

Whitesville,  Ky 

White  Tail,  Neb 

Whiteville,  Ark 

Whiteville,  Ark. 

Whiteville,  Ark 

Whiteville,  N.C 

Whiteville,  N.C 

Whiteville,  Tenn 

Whitewater,  Ind 

White  Water.  Ind 

Whitewater,  Iowa 

White  Water,  Kan 

Whitewater,  Mich 

Whitewater,  Minn 

Whitewater,  Mo. 

Whitewater,  Mo 

White  Water,  O 

Whitewater,  S.C 

Whitewater,  Wis 

Whitewater,  Wis 

White  Woman,  Kan.... 

Whitewood,  S.D 

Whitewood,  S.D 

Whitewright,  Tex 

Whitfield,  Ga 

Whitfield  Mills,  Ga 

Whiting,  Ind 

Whiting,  Iowa 

Whiting,  Kan 

Whiting,  Kan 

Whiting,  Me 

Whiting,  Vt 

Whitingham,  Vt 

Whitley,  Ark 

Whitley,  III 

Whitman,  Mass 

Whitman,  &c..  Neb 

Whitmore,  III 

Whitney,  Mich 

Whitney,  Mich 

Whitney,  Neb 

Whitney,  Neb 

Whitney,  N.Y 

Whitney  Mills.  S.C 

Whitneyville,  Me 

Whiton,Ala 

Whitpain,  Pa 

Whitson,  Ala 

Whitt,  Tex 

Whittemore,  Iowa. 

Whittemore,  Iowa. 

Whitten,  Ark 

Whitten,  Iowa 

Whittier,  Cal 

Whittier,  Neb 

Whitwell,  Tenn 

Wiccacanee,  N.C 

Wichita,  Kan 

Wichita,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-diBt 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill  • 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

poet-town 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 


County. 


Ogle , 

Lane 

Republic...., 

Smith 

Huron 

McDonalds, 

Roberts , 

Blount 

Klikitat 

Oneida , 

Grayson 

Madison...., 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Letcher 

Hamblen.... 

Lee 

Beadle 

Marion 

Hamilton.... 
Hamilton..., 

Anson 

Queens 

Sargent , 

Lancaster... 

Oneida 

Vernon , 

Bath 

Scott , 

Greenbrier., 


Meriwether.. 


Boyd. 


Meagher 

Harris , 

Daviess 

Keith 

Baxter.. „ 

Cleveland..., 
Jefferson.-.., 
Columbus.... 
Columbus.... 
Hardeman... 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Dubuque 

Butler 

Grand  Traverse 

Winona 

Bollinger 

Cape  Girardeau 

Hamilton 

Oconee 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Wichita. 

Kingsbury ... 

Lawrence 

Grayson 

Morgan 

Pulaski 

Lake 

Monona. 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Washington.. 

Addison 

Windham 

Crawford 

Moultrie , 

Plymouth 

Grant 

Macon 

Arenac 

Arenac 

Dawes 

Dawes 

Broome 

Spartanburg.. 
Washington.. 

De  Kalb 

Montgomery. 
TuRcal(x>sa.... 

Parker..- 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

Mississippi ... 

Hardin 

Los  Angeles.. 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Northampton 

Sedgwick 

Sedgwick 


PopnUtioD. 


1880.      1890, 


949 

"eei 


376 
660 


1,370 
773 


1,432 

368 

1,019 


2,767 


1,438 


1,775 
2,520 


2,520 
4,498 
830 
1,137 
1,018 
1,499 

1,311 

414 


769 
309 


613 
463 

2,670 
343 
116 

1,519 
181 

1,106 


740 

659 

1,354 

1,315 

1,575 

770 

902 

3,617 


100 
835 
100 
116 
66 
417 
221 
425 
455 
1,240 


1,297 
3,024 


1,320 
230 


818 

""iai 

'i",429 


106 


2,642 

936 

4,911 

285 


1,408 
437 

1,131 
381 
393 
366 

1,191 
931 

1,320 

4,441 
211 

1,046 
334 
301 
862 
100 
842 
336 
413 
766 

1,665 
380 
278 
644 
678 
152 
196 
686 
156 
906 

2,616 

883 

23,853 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF    1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wichita  Falls,  Tex 

Wicker,  Ala 

Wickes,  Mont 

Wickham,  Ala 

Wickliffe,  Ky 

Wicomico,  Va 

Wiconisco,  Pa 

Widner,  Ind 

Wier,  Neb 

Wig;ht,  Ga 

Wilber,  Mich 

Wilber.Neb 

Wilber,  Neb 

Wilber,  Neb 

Wilber,  S.D 

Wilbraham,  Mass 

Wilbur,  Ore 

Wilbur,  Wash 

Wilburn,  Kan 

Wilburton,  111 

Wilcox,  111 

Wilcox,  Mich 

Wilcox,  Neb 

Wilcox,  Pa 

Wildcat,  Ga, 

Wildcat,  Ga 

Wildcat,  Ga 

Wildcat,  Ind 

Wildcat,  Kan 

Wild  Cat,  Kan 

Wildcat,  Ore 

Wilde,  Col 

Wilder,  N.C 

Wilderness,  W.Va 

Wild  Horse,  Kan 

Wild  Horse,  Ore 

Wildomar,  Cal 

Wild  Rice,  Minn 

Wildwood,  <Sc.,  Fla 

Wildwood,  Fla 

Wiley,  Ark 

Wiley  Cove,  Ark 

Wilhite,  Ala 

Wilkoi-son,  Ark 

Wilkes  Barre,  Pa 

Wilkes  Barre,  Pa 

Wilkesborough,  N.C... 
Wilkeaborough,  N.C... 

Wilkeson,  Wash 

Wilkesville,  0 

Wilkesville,  0 

Wilkius,  Pa 

Wilkinsburg,  Pa 

Wilkinson,  Ga 

Will,  III 

Willacoochee,  Ga 

Willacoochee,  Ga 

Willamette,  Ore 

Willamette,  Ore 

Willamette,  Ore 

Willamette,  Ore 

Williiniette  Slough,  Ore 

Willamina,  Ore 

Willard,  Ky 

Willard.  N.C 

Willard,  Utah 

Willard,  Utah 

Willcox,  Ariz 

Willcox,  Kan 

Willemsenburg,  Fla 

Willett,  N.Y 

Willey,  N.D 

William  Forks,  Col 

William  Hamilton,  S.D 
William    H.    Caldwell, 

Tenn 

Williams,  Ariz 

Williams,  Ark 

Williams,  Cal 

Williams,  111 

Williams,  Iowa 

Williams,  Iowa 

Williams,  Mich 

Williams,  Mo 

Williams,  Mo 

Williams,  Mo 

Williams,  N.C 

Williams,  N.C 

Williams,  N.C 

Williams,  N.D 

Williams,  Pa 

Williams,  Pa 

Williams,  W.  Va 

Williamsborough,  N.C. 
Williamsborough,  N  C 
Williams'  Bridge,  N.  Y.. 

236 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp. 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

poRt-prect 

post  town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

l)ost-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

Dost-vill 


County. 


Wichita 

Clay 

Jefferson 

Limestone 

Ballard 

Northumberl'd 

Dauphin 

Knox : 

Cheyenne 

Decatur 

Iosco 

Saline 

Saline 

Wavne 

Brule 

Hampden 

Douglas 

Lincoln 

Ford 

Fayette 

Hancock 

Newaygo 

Kearney 

Elk 

Cherokee 

Haralson 

Oconee 

Tipton 

Elk 

Riley 

Lane 

Prowers 

Johnston 

Nicholas 

Graham 

Harney 

San  Diego 

Norman  

Sumter 

Sumter. 

Randolph 

Searcy 

Cullman 

Desha 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Wilkes 

Wilkes 

Pierce 

Vinton 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Talbot 

Will 

Coffee 

CoflTee 

Benton 

Lane 

Multnomah 

Yam  Hill 

Multnomah 

Yam  Hill 

Carter 

Pender 

Box  Elder 

Box  Elder 

Cochise 

Trego 

Miinatee 

Cortland 

Sargent 

Routt 

Hyde 


Obion - 

Coconino , 

Lonoke 

Colusa 

Sangamon 

Calhoun 

Hamilton 

Bay 

Benton 

Stone 

Wayne 

Chatham 

Columbus 

Martin 

Nelson , 

Dauphin , 

Northampton., 

Wood 

Vance 

Vance , 

Westchester.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,079 


1,T02 
2,130 
1,789 


735 

202 

1,484 

700 


1,628 
206 


1,116 

2,693 

850 


744 
950 
779 
1,972 
872 


1,479 
1,572 


699 
649 
400 
268 

2.445 
23,339 

1,677 
200 


1,812 
309 
4,426 
1,529 
1,375 
882 
1,180 


181 
328 
374 
368 
300 


84 


749 
412 


725 


1,098 

279 

l,6a5 

316 

554 

866 

2,516 

705 

785 

2,622 

1,541 

1,006 


2,764 
2,847 
1,658 


1,987 

1,238 

764 

1,242 

959 

1,509 

2,280 

1,820 

92 

658 

299 

1,986 

1,226 

248 

153 

1,814 

?300 

410 

205 

1,105 

3,246 

1,.307 

2t0 

1,037 

799 

776 

1,008 

2,383 

1,428 

595 

38 

85 

1,464 

1,665 

283 

98 

220 

607 

3,414 

419 

1,092 

947 

728 

266 

2,917 

37,718 

1,898 

336 

499 

1,667 

262 

2,304 

4,662 

1,321 

816 

1,907 

398 

432 

603 

828 

377 

460 

433 

431 

34 

754 

492 

396 

246 

373 

800 

89 

98 

55 

649 

199 

1903 

461 

1,678 

556 

709 

1,300 

2,530 

1,170 

1,281 

2,760 

2,.371 

842 

62 

1,485 

2,676 

1,590 

1,670 

134 

1  385 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Williamsburg,  Col.., 
Williamsburg,  Ga..., 
Williamsburg,  Iowa..... 
Williamsburg,  Kan.... 
Williamsburg,  Kan.... 

Williamsburg,  Ky 

Williamsburg,  Ky 

Williamsburg,  Me 

Williamsburg,  Md 

Williamsburg,  Mass... 
Williamsburg,  Miss... 
Williamsburg,  Neb.... 
Williamsburg,  N.C... 

Williamsburg,  O 

Williamsburg,  O 

Williamsburg,  Pa 

Williamsburg,  Va 

Williamsburg,  W.  Va 
Williamsburg,  Wis.... 
Williams'  Creek,  Ore. 

Williamsfield,  0 

Williams'  Fork,  Col... 
Williams'  Mills,  Ky... 

Williamson,  Ala 

Williamson,  Ga 

Williamson,  N.Y 

Williamson,  N.C 

Williamsport,  Ind 

Williamsport,  Kan.... 

Williamsport,  Md 

Williamsport,  Md 

Williamsport,  N.D 

Williamsport,  0 

Williamsport,  Pa 

Williams'  School-H'se, 

Ala 

Williams'  Store,  Tenn.. 

Williamston,  Mich 

Williamston,  Mich 

Williamston,  N.C 

Williamston,  N.C 

Williamston,  S.C 

Williamston,  S.C 

Williamstown,  Ky 

Williamstown,  Ky 

Williamstown,  Mass... 

Williamstown,  Mo 

Williamstown,  N.Y 

Williamstown,  Pa 

Williamstown,  Vt 

Williamstown,  W.  Va. 

Williamstown,  Wis 

Williamsville,  III 

Williamsville,  Mo 

Williamsville,  Va 

Willimantic,  Conn 

Willimantlc,  Me 

Willing,  N.Y 

Willingborough,  N.J... 

Willingham,  Ga 

Willington,  Conn 

Willis,  Va 

Willisburg,  Ky 

Williston,  Fla 

Williston,  N.D 

Williston,  S.C 

Williston,  S.C 

Williston,  Vt 

Willistown,  Pa 

Willisville,  Ga 

Willits,  Cal 

Willmar,  Minn 

Wilimar,  Minn 

Willoughby,  0 

Willoughby,  0 

Willow,  Cal 

Willow,  Iowa. 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow,  Neb 

Willow,  Neb 

Willow,  Ore 

Willow,  S.C 

Willow,  Wis 

Willow  Bank,  N.D 

Willow  Bend,  Utah 

Willow  Branch,  111 

Willow  City,  N.D 

Willow  Creek,  Idaho.., 
Willow  Creek,  Idaho.. 

Willow  Creek,  111 

Willow  Creek,  Mont... 
Willow  Creek,  Mont... 
Willow  Creek,  Neb 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-beat 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-Till 

city 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

borough 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 


County. 


Fremont , 

Calhoun .., 

Iowa 

Franklin , 

Franklin 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Piscataquis 

Dorchester 

Hampshire 

Covington 

Phelps 

Rockingham.... 

Clermont 

Clermont 

Blair 

James  City 

Greenbrier 

Milwaukee 

Josephine , 

Ashtabula 

Grand , 

Caldwell 

Barbour 

Pike 

Wayne 

Richmond........ 

Warren 

Shawnee 

Washington...., 
Washington...., 

Emmons. 

Pickaway 

Lycoming 


Henry , 

Hamblen , 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Martin 

Martin 

Anderson , 

Anderson , 

Grant 

Grant 

Berkshire...., 

Lewis 

Oswego 

Dauphin 

Orange 

Wood 

Dodge 

Sangamon.... 

Wayne 

Bath 

Windham 

Piscataquis.... 

Alleghany 

Burlington.... 

Worth 

Tolland 

Dickenson.... 
Washington., 

Levy 

Buford 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Chittenden.... 

Chester. 

Charlton 

Mendocino.... 
Kandiyohi... 
Kandiyohi.... 

Lake.. 

Lake 

Glenn 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Greene 

Monona 

Woodbury 

Antelope 

Lincoln 

Baker 

Orangeburg.. 

Richland 

La  Moure 

Sevier 

Piatt 

Bottineau 

Bingham 

Logan 

Loe 

Cascade 

Gallatin 

Dawes 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


nilow  Creek,  Neb 

billow  Creek,  Ore 

ITillowdale,  Kan 

JWillowdale,  Neb 

"Tillow  Fork,  Mo 

nilow  Green,  N.C 

nUow  Grove,  NeJ) 

nilow  Grove,  Tenn.... 

miow  Hill,  111 

'Willov?  Island,  Neb 

Willow  Lake,  Minn 

Willow  Lake,  N.D 

Willow  Lake,  S.D 

Willow  Lake,  S.D 

Willows,  N.D 

Willow  Springs,  Kan... 

Willow  Springs,  Mo 

Willow  Springs,  Mo 

Willow  Springs,  Neb... 
Willow  Springs,  Ore.... 
Willow  Springs,  Ore.... 
Willow  Springs,  Wis. ... 

Wills,  Ala 

Wills,  Ind 

Wills,  O 

Willsborough,  N.Y 

Wills  Creek,  Md 

Willshire,  O 

Willshire,  0 

Will's  Point,  Tex 

Wilmerding,  Pa 

Wilmette,  111 

Wilmington,  Ark 

Wilmington,  Cal 

Wilmington,  Cal 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wilmington,  111 

Wilmington,  111 

Wilmington,  Ind 

Wilmington,  Kan 

Wilmington,  Mass 

Wilmington,  Minn 

Wilmington,  N.Y 

Wilmington,  N.C... 

Wilmington,  0 

Wilmington,  Pa 

Wilmington,  Pa 

Wilmington,  Vt 

Wilmont,  Minn 

Wilmore,  Pa 

Wilmot,  Ga 

Wllmot,  N.H 

Wilmot,  Pa 

Wilmot,  Wis 

Wilmurt,  N.Y 

Wilua,  N.Y 

Wilson,  Ala 

Wilson,  Ala 

Wilson,  Ark 

Wilson,  Ark 

Wilson,  Ark 

Wilson,  Ga 

Wilson,  Ga 

Wilson,  Ga 

Wilson,  Idaho 

Wilson,  111 

Wilson,  Iowa 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Ky 

Wilson,  La 

Wilson,  Mich 

Wilson,  Mich 

Wilson,  Mich 

Wilson,  Minn 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Neb 

Wilson,  N.Y 

Wilson,  N.Y 

Wilson,  N.C 

Wilson,  N.C 

Wilson,  0 

Wilson,  Utah 

Wilson,  Wis 

Wilson,  Wis 

Wilson,  Wis 

Wilson  Creek,  Va 

Wilson's  Mills,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 


County. 


Pierce 

Crook 

Dickinson 

Holt 

Moniteau 

Greene 

Red  Willow 

Trousdale 

Jasper 

Dawson 

Redwood 

Steele 

Brule 

Clark 

Griggs 

Douglas 

Howell 

Howell 

Garfield 

Jackson 

Umatilla 

Lafayette 

Madison 

La  Porte 

Guernsey 

Essex 

Alleghany.  

Van  Wert 

Van  Wert 

Van  Zandt 

Alleghany 

Cook 

Union 

Los  Angeles.  ... 

Los  Angeles 

New  Castle 

Will 

Will 

De  Kalb 

Wabaunsee 

Middlesex 

Houston 

Essex 

New  Hanover... 

Clinton 

Lawrence 

Mercer.... 

Windham 

Nobles 

Cambria 

Banks 

Merrimack 

Bradford 

Kenosha 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Escambia 

Lamar 

Faulkner 

Pope 

Yell 

Hall 

Jackson 

Walker 

Owyhee 

De  Witt , 

Osceola „ 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Lane , 

Marion , 

Rice 

Christian 

East  Feliciana.. 

Apena , 

Charlevoix 

Kalkaska. 

Winona 

Adair 

Andrain 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Putnam 

Colfax 

Niagara 

Niagara 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Clinton 

Weber , 

Dunn , 

St.  Croix 

Sheboygan 

Grayson , 

Johnston 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


124 
148 
601 


2,325 


502 
1,806 


114 


1,374 
672 


1,089 


866 
1,855 
1,450 
3,168 
1,963 
508 
860 


419 

638 

1,865 

911 

42,478 

2,781 

1,872 

2,580 

1,369 

933 

1,047 

899 

17,350 

2,745 

1,132 

556 

1,130 

111 

310 

629 

1,080 

1,680 

190 

271 

4,393 


319 
1,466 
675 
889 
816 
885 


160 

1,066 

458 


640 


868 


775 

361 

151 

1,066 

1,301 

2,869 

1,601 

1,110 

941 

791 

497 

3,234 

662 

3,972 

1,475 

1,159 

344 


442 
1,210 
4,685 


448 

142 

589 

175 

2,392 

629 

2,688 

627 

2,268 

471 

293 

105 

187 

240 

98 

1,223 

2,787 

1,535 

247 

383 

261 

931 

336 

887 

1,627 

1,568 

3,626 

2,286 

666 

1,025 

419 

1,458 

758 

2,360 

687 

61,431 

2,293 

1,576 

3,868 

1,228 

1,213 

1,087 

(i78 

20,056 

3,079 

1,008 

503 

1,106 

329 

360 

693 

840 

1,511 

188 

373 

4,522 

462 

784 

664 

1,348 

986 

995 

1,125 

1,036 

98 

612 

268 

1,328 

770 

168 

861 

487 

961 

281 

996 

676 

148 

1,013 

1,342 

2,963 

1.326 

1,129 

1,167  I 

865 

716  1 

2,978  I 

683  1 

4,90:J  I 

2,126 : 

1,069 
49:^ 
481  j 
393 
1,044  , 
6,608 
904  1 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wilsonvllle,  AU 

Wilsonville,  Neb 

Wilton,  Conn 

Wilton,  III 

Wilton,  Iowa 

Wilton,  Me 

Wilton,  Minn 

Wilton,  N.H 

Wilton,  N.Y 

Wilton,  S.D 

Wilton,  Wis 

Wilton  Junction,  Iowa 

Winamac,  Ind 

Winchendon,  Mass 

Winchester,  Cal 

Winchester,  Conn 

Winchester,  111 

Winchester,  Ind 

Winchester,  Kan 

Winchester,  Ky 

Winchester,  Ky 

Winchester,  Mass 

Winchester,  Minn 

Winchester,  N.H 

Winchester,  0 

Winchester,  0 

Winchester,  Tenn 

Winchester,  Va 

Winchester,  Wis 

Windermere,  Minn 

Windfall,  Ind 

Windham,  Conn 

Windham,  Me 

Windham,  N.H 

Windham,  N.Y 

Windham,  O 

Windham,  Pa 

Windham,  Pa 

Windham,  Vt 

Windham  Bay,  Alaska 

Windom,  Kan 

Wiudom,  Minn 

Windom,  Minn 

Windom  Springs,  Ala... 

Windsor,  Conn 

Windsor,  III 

Windsor,  111 

Windsor,  Iowa 

Windsor,  Kan 

Windsor,  Me 

Windsor,  Mass 

Windsor,  Mich 

Windsor,  Minn 

Windsor,  Mo 

Windsor,  Mo 

Windsor,  N.H 

Windsor,  N.Y 

Windsor,  N.Y 

Windsor,  N.C 

Windsor,  N.C 

Windsor,  O 

Windsor,  O 

Windsor,  0 

Windsor,  Pa 

Windsor,  Pa 

Windsor,  8.C 

Windsor,  Vt 

Windsor,  Vt 

Windsor,  Va 

Windsor,  Wis 

Windsor  Locks, Conn... 
Windsor  Terrace,  N.Y.. 

Wine  Hill,  111 

Winfleld,  Ala 

Winfleld,  Ga 

Winfleld,  111 

Winfleld,  Ind 

Winfleld,  Iowa 

Winfleld,  Iowa 

Winfleld,  Kan 

Winfleld,  Kan 

Winfleld,  Mich 

Winfleld,  Minn 

Winfleld,  N.Y 

Winfleld,  N.Y 

Winfleld,  Pa 

Winfleld,  W.  Va 

Winfleld,  W.Va 

Winfleld,  Wis , 

Winfred,  S.D 

Winger,  Minn 

Wingfleld,  Kan 

Wingham  Island,  Alas 

Wingo,  Ky 

Wingo,  Ky 

Wing  River,  Mino. I 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

city 

poBt-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

po6t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

village 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

village 

township 

mng.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

township 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Shelby 

Furnas 

Fairfleld 

Will 

Muscatine 

Franklin 

Waseca 

Hillsborough.. 

Saratoga 

McPhersou.... 

Monroe 

Muscatine 

Pulaski 

Worcester 

San  Diego 

Litchfield 

Scott 

Randolph 

Jefferson 

Clark 

Clark 

Middlesex 

Norman 

Cheshire 

Adams 

Preble 

Franklin 

Frederick 

Winnebago.... 

Pine 

Tipton 

Windham 

Cumberland... 
Rockingham., 

Greene 

Portage 

Bradford 

Wyoming 

Windham 


McPherson 

Cottonwood... ., 

Mower 

Tuscaloosa...... 

Hartford , 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Fayette 

Cowley , 

Kennebec 

Berkshire 

Eaton 

Traverse , 

Henry 

Henry 

Hillsbo  rough.. 

Broome 

Broome 

Bertie 

Bertie 

Ashtabula. 

Lawrence 

Morgan 

Berks 

York 

Aiken 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Isle  of  Wight. 

Dane 

Hartford 

Kings 

Randolph........ 

Marion 

Greene 

Da  Page 

Lake 

Henry 

Scott 

Cowley 

Osborne 

Montcalm 

Renville 

Herkimer 

Queens 

Butler 

Marion 

Putnam 

Sauk 

Lake 

Polk 

Geary 


Population. 


188<..      1890. 


1,265 
282 
1,8(H 
1,134 
2,547 
1,739 
767 
1,747 
1,118 


1,099 

1,431 

836 

3,722 


6,142 
1,626 
1,958 
413 
1,260 
2,277 
3,802 


2,444 
1,464 
502 
1,039 
4,958 
1,176 


570 
8,264 
2,312 

695 
1,461 
1,029 
1,160 

838 

636 


443 

737 

794 

3,068 

1,954 

768 

922 

1,028 

1,079 

644 

1,748 


1,900 

872 

66 

3,286 


4,686 
461 

964 
2,229 
2,392 

8:J0 
2,154 
1,462 
2,175 
1,696 
2,968 
1,210 
2,332 


881 


979 

2,428 

644 


997 
2,844 
846 
789 
149 
1,597 


1,092 

1,651 

306 

773 


Grave*.... 
Graves..., 
Wadena.. 


2,-376 
212 
177 

287 


l,70fl 

6:17 

1,722 

987 

2,007 

1,622 

743 

1,850 

1,116 

170 

1086 

1,212 

1,215 

4,390 

365 

6,183 

1,642 

3,014 

429 

3,966 

4,51» 

4,861 

236 

2,684 

1,488 

389 

1,313 

5,106 

1,030 

472 

561 

10,032 

2,216 

632 

1,603 

975 

1,020 

771 

379 

11 

165 

85 

748 

496 

2,964 

1,926 

888 

1,033 

1,063 

863 

612 

1,718 

121 

2,383 

1,427 

62 

3,036 

524 

4,643 

522 

971 

2,219 

2,327 

686 

2,372 

2,027 

1,846 

1,384 

3,440 

1,329 

2,768 

1,645 

796 

1,206 

666 

2,786 

683 

461 

903 

5,184 

323 

1,137 

462 

1,625 

819 

1.0S7 

2,101 

308 

798 

36» 

699 

434 

160 

3,022 

451 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF    1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wingville,  Ore 

Wingville.Wis 

WinUall,  Vt 

Wiulock,  Wash 

Winn,  Me 

Winnebago,  lU 

Winnebago,  111 

Winnebago,  Minn 

Winnebago,  Neb 

Winnebago  City,  Minn 
Winnebago  City,  Minn. 

Winneconne,  Wis 

Winueconne,  Wis 

Winnemucca,  Nev 

Winnetka,  111 

Winnsborough,  S.C 

Winnsborough,  Tex 

Winona,  Ark. 

Winona,  Kan 

Winona,  Minn 

Winona,  Minn 

Winona,  Miss 

Winona,  Miss 

Winona,  Mo 

Winona,  Mo 

Winona,  N.D 

Winooski,  Vt 

Wiuside,  Neb 

Winalett,  Ga 

Winglow,  Ariz 

Winslow,  Ark 

Winslow,  111 

Winslow,  III 

Winslow,  Me 

Winslow,  NJf 

Winslow,  Pa 

Winsor,  Mich 

Winsor,  S.D 

Winsted,  Conn 

Winsted,  Minn 

Wineted,  Minn 

Winston,  Mo 

Winston,  N.C 

Winston,  N.C 

Winter,  Cal 

Winter  Creek,  Neb 

Winterfleld,  Mich 

Winter  Park,  Fla 

Wlnterport,  Me 

Winterset,  Kan 

Winterstown,  Pa , 

Winthrop,  Iowa , 

Winthrop,  Me 

Winthrop,  Mass 

Winthrop,  Minn , 

Winthrop,  Mo , 

Winton,  N.C 

Wlnton,  N.C 

Winton,  Pa , 

Wiota,  Iowa 

Wiota,  Wis , 

Wiota,  Wis 

Wiscasset,  Me 

Wisconsin,  Minn , 

Wiscoy,  Minn , 

Wise,  Mich 

Wise,  S.C 

Wiser,  N.D 

Wishart,  N.C 

Wisner,  Iowa , 

Wisner,  Mich 

Wisner,  Neb , 

Wisner,  Neb 

Withee,  Wis 

Withers,  Ga 

Withlacoochee,  Fla 

Witt,  111 

Wittenberg,  Mo 

Wittenberg,  N.C 

Wittenberg,  Wis 

Wittenberg,  Wis 

Wittich,  Ark 

Wittsburg,  Ark 

Witt's  Foundry,  Tenn. 

Woburn,  Mass. 

Wokhlehoghamute, 

Alaska 

Wolcott,  Col 

Wolcott,  Conn 

Wolcott,  Ind 

Wolcott,  Minn 

Wolcott,  N.Y 

Wolcott,  N.Y 

Wolcott,  Vt 

Wolf,  Ala 

Wolf,  Ac,  Col 

238 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

Tillage 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

beat 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

poit-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post'town 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Baker 

Grant 

Bennington.... 

Lewis 

Penobscot 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Houston 

Thurston 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Humboldt 

Cook 

Fairfield 

Wood 

Carroll 

Logan 

Winona 

Winona 

Montgomery .. 
Montgomery .. 

Shannon 

Shannon 

Kmmons 

Chittenden 

Waj'ne 

Greene 

Apache 

Washington.... 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Kennebec 

Camden 

Jefferson 

Huron 

Brookings 

Litchfield 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Daviess 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Yolo 

Scott's  Bluff.... 

Clare 

Orange 

Waldo 

Russell 

York 

Buchanan 

Kennebec 

Suffolk 

Sibley 

Buchanan 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Lackawanna... 

Cass 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lincoln 

Jackson 

Winona 

Isabella 

Edgefield 

Cass 

Robeson 

Franklin 

Tuscola 

Cuming 

Cuming 

Clark 

Clinch 

Madison 

Montgomery  .. 

Perry 

Alexander 

Shawano 

Shawano 

Franklin 

Cross 

Hamblen 

Middlesex 


Eagle 

New  Haven. 

White 

Rice 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Lamoille 

Morgan 

Arapahoe 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


187 

1,178 

722 


1,480 
504 
854 


479 
993 
932 
978 
763 
684 
1,500 


592 

10,208 

4,496 

1,204 


2,833 
'557 


1,004 
330 
1,467 
2,158 
1,904 


4,195 
1,211 
140 
304 
4,470 
2,854 
1,086 


273 
'2,260 


199 

320 

2,146 

1,043 


1,164 

2,676 
253 
905 
110 

1,687 
143 

1,847 
157 
761 
368 

2,830 


710 
'326 
"282 


634 
1,095 

129 
1,154 


601 
209 


10,931 


493 

239 

825 

3,731 


1,166 


252 

1,380 

523 

877 

936 

1,422 

464 

842 

1,121 

486 

1,108 

698 

1,086 

1,037 

1,079 

1,738 

388 

414 

521 

275 

18,208 

5,482 

1,648 

1,916 

602 

78 

3,659 

130 

525 

363 

959 

924 

332 

1,814 

2,408 

3,493 

1,279 

258 

4,846 

1,261 

267 

470 

11,399 

8,018 

1,158 

131 

365 

270 

1,926 

291 

209 

370 

2,111 

2,726 

438 

496 

3,230 

419 

1,797 

168 

1,627 

119 

1,733 

270 

611 

826 

3,026 

225 

912 

310 

472 

1,010 

610 

959 

93 

867 

1,057 

133 

1,394 

1,384 

726 

1,208 

21 

951 

13,499 

19 
81 

522 

246 
1,028 
3,216 

902 
1,158 

485 
6,623 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wolf,  Miss 

Wolf.  Pa 

Wolf,  Tenn 

Wolfborough,  N.H.. 

Wolf  Creek,  Ark 

Wolf  Creek,  Iowa.... 
Wolf  Creek,  &c.,  Ky. 

Wolf  Creek,  Neb 

Wolf  Creek,  Ore 

Wolf  Creek,  Pa 

Wolf  Creek,  W.  Va.. 

Wolfe  City,  Tex 

Wolf  Island,  Mo 

Wolf  Pen,  Ga 

Wolfpit,  Ga 

Wolf  Pit,  N.C 

Wolf  River,  Kan 

Wolf  River,  Wis 

Wolfskin,  Ga 

Wolfscrape,  N.C 

Wolf  Spring,  Ala 

Wolsey,  S.D 

Wolverine,  Mich 

Womack  Hill,  Ala... 

Womelsdorf,  Pa 

Wonewoc,  Wis 

Wonewoc,  Wis 

Wood,  Ind 

Wood,  Mo 

Wood,  Wis 

Woodbine,  111 

Woodbine,  Iowa 

Woodbine,  Ky.  

Woodbridge,  Cal 

Woodbridge,  Conn... 
Woodbridge,  Mich... 

Woodbridge,  N.J 

Woodburn,  III 

Woodburn,  Iowa. 

Woodburn,  Ky 

Woodburn,  Ore 

Woodburn,  Ore 

Woodbury,  Conn 

Woodbury,  Ga 

Woodbury,  Ga 

Woodbury,  III 

Woodbury,  Iowa...!.. 

Woodbury,  Ky 

Woodbury,  Minn..... 

Woodbury,  N.J 

Woodbury,  N.Y 

Woodbm-y,  Pa. 

Woodbury,  Pa 

Woodbury,  Pa 

Woodbury,  S.C 

Woodbury,  Tenn 

Woodbury,  Vt 

Woodcock,  Pa , 

Woodcock,  Pa 

Woodford,  Vt 

WoodhuU,  111 

Woodhull,  Mich 

Woodhull,  N.Y 

Woodington,  N.C....- 
Wo'  d  Lake,  Minn... 

Wood  Lake,  Neb 

Wood  Lake,  Wis.  ... 

Woodland,  Cal 

Woodland,  Cal 

Woodland,  Del 

Woodland,  111 

Woodland,  111 

Woodland,  Iowa , 

Woodland,  Me 

Woodland,  Mich , 

Woodland,  Minn 

Woodland,  N.J 

Woodland,  N.C 

Woodland,  S.D 

Woodland,  Utah 

Woodland,  Wis 

Woodland  Mills,  Tenn.. 
Woodland  Park,  Col 

Woodlawn,  Ala , 

Woodlawn,  Ala 

Woodlawn,  Mo 

Woodlawn,  N.D 

Woodman,  Wis , 

Wood  River,  111 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wood  River,  Neb..... 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wood  River,  Ore 

Woodruff,  S.C 

Woodruff,  Utah , 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dlHt 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

IKJSt-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 


County. 


Harrison 

Lycoming 

Unicoi 

Carroll 

Pike 

Woodbury 

Meade 

Sheridan 

Josephine 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Hunt 

Mississippi 

Bartow 

Franklin 

Richmond 

Doniphan 

Winnebago 

Oglethorpe 

Duplin 

Lawrence 

Beadle 

Cheboygan 

Choctaw 

Berks 

Juneau 

Juneau 

Clarke 

Wright 

Wood 

Jo  Daviess 

Harrison 

Whitley 

San  Joaquin... 

New  Haven 

Hillsdale 

Middlesex 

Macoupin 

Clarke 

Warren 

MHrlon 

Marion 

Litchfield 

Meriwether..., 
Meriwether..... 
Cumberland.... 

Woodbury 

Butler 

Washington... 

Gloucester 

Orange , 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Blair 

Marion 

Cannon 

Washington... 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Bennington... 

Henry 

Shiawassee 

Steuben 

Lenoir 

Yellow  Med... 

Cherry 

Burnett 

Yolo 

Yolo 

Sussex 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Decatur 

Aroostook , 

Barry... 

Wright 

Burlington 

Northampton. 

Clark 

Summit 

Sauk 

Obion 

El  Paso 

Dallas 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Kidder 

Grant 

Madison 

Custer 

Dawson 

Hall 

Hall 

Klamath 

Spartanburg..., 
Rich 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


649 

279 

2,222 

469 

418 

2,295 


636 
1,738 


763 

901 

553 

1,872 

2,198 

940 

1,322 

1,258 

1,527 


1,097 

1,076 
635 

1,210 
841 
203 

1,004 
3,30 
600 
345 
829 

1,680 

4,099 
236 
371 

1,302 
402 


2,149 

1,595 

94 

1,155 

593 

190 

1,109 

2,298 


999 
281 

1,89J 
2:i0 
393 
85(- 

1,499 
184 
487 
650 
883 

1,963 

2,632 
228 


485 


2,257 


919 
1,798 

841 

679 
1,788 
1,037 

325 


1,368 
1,304 


1,393 
*i',319 


553 
3,346 


345 


1,927 
268 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Woodruff  Place,  Ind 

Woodruffs,  S.C 

Woods,  Minn 

Woodeborough,  Md 

Woodsdale,  Kan 

Woodsdale,  Kan 

Woodsdale,  N.O 

Woodsfield,  0 

Woodside,  III 

Woodside,  Minn 

Woodside,  Minn 

Woodside,  Mo 

Woodside,  N.Y 

Woodson,  Ark 

Woodson,  III 

Woodson,  Neb 

Wood  Station,  Ga 

Woodstock,  Conn 

Woodstock,  Ga 

Woodstock,  Ga 

Woodstock,  111 

Woodstock,  111 

Woodstock,  Me 

Woodstock,  Md 

Woodstock,  Mich 

Woodstock,  N.H 

Woodstock,  N.Y..... 

Woodstock,  0 

Woodstock,  Vt 

Woodstock,  Vt 

Woodstock,  Va 

Woodstown,  N.J 

Woodsville,  Md 

Woodville,  Ala 

Woodville.Ga 

Woodville,  III 

Woodville,  Ky 

Woodville,  Minn 

Woodville,  Miss 

Woodville,  Mont 

Woodville,  Neb 

Woodville,  N.O 

Woodville,  0 

Woodville,  Ore 

Woodville,  Tex 

Woodville,  Wis 

Woodward,  Ala 

Woodward,  Iowa 

Woodward,  N.D 

Woodward,  Pa 

Woodward,  Pa 

Woodward,  Pa 

Woodward,  S.C 

Wood  worth  Mills,  Tex. 

Woody,  Col 

Woolery,  Md 

Woolstock,  Iowa 

Woolwich,  Me 

Woolwich,  N.J 

Woonsocket,  R.I 

Woonsocket,  S.D 

Woonsocket,  S.D 

Wooster,  0 

Wooster,  0 

Woosung,  111 

Wootan  Wells,  Tex 

Wooten,  Ga 

Worcester,  Mass 

Worcester,  N.Y 

Worcester,  Pa 

Worcester,  Vt 

Worcester,  Wis 

Worden,  111 

Wormleysburg,  Pa 

Worth,  ill 

Worth,  111 

Worth,  Ind 

Worth,  Iowa 

Worth,  Mich 

Worth,  N.Y 

Worth,  Pa 

Worth,  Pa 

Worth,  Pa 

Wortham,  Tex 

Worthen,  Ark 

Worthen,  S.D 

Worthington,  Ind 

Worthington,  Mass 

Worthington,  Minn 

Worthington,  Minn 

Worthington,  O 

Worthington,  0 

Worthington,  Pa 

Worthville,  Ky 

Worthville,  Ky 

VTorthTille,  N  C_ 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

po8t-vill 

township 

district 

township 

post-hmlt 

post-twp 

post-vili 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

district 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-to  w^n 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Marion 

Spartanburg.. 

Chippewa 

Frederick 

Stevens 

Stevens 

Person 

Monroe 

Sangamon.... 

Otter  Tail 

Polk 

Oregon 

Queens 

Saline 

Morgan 

Perkins 

Catoosa 

Windham 

Chei'okee 

Oglethorpe ... 

McHenry 

Schuyler 

Oxford 

Howard 

Lenawee 

Grafton 

Ulster 

Champaign... 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Shenandoah.. 

Salem 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Greene 

Greene 

McCrackin.,.. 

Waseca 

Wilkinson...., 
Jefferson....... 

Platte 

Bertie 

Sandusky 

Jackson 

Tyler 

Calumet 

Jefferson 

Dallas 

Wells 

Clearfield 

Clinton 

Lycoming 

Fairfield , 


Pitkin 

Carroll 

Wright 

Sagadahoc 

Gloucester 

Providence 

Sanborn 

Sanborn 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Ogle 

Robertson 

Coffee 

Worcester 

Otsego 

Montgomery.... 

Washington 

Price 

Madison 

Cumberland 

Cook 

Woodford 

Boone 

Boone 

Sanilac 

Jefferson 

Butler 

Centre 

Mercer 

Freestone 

Pulaski 

Hanson 

Greene 

Hampshire 

Nobles 

Nobles 

Franklin 

Richland 

Armstrong 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Randolph 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


20 

254 

80 

2,305 


1,376 
861 

1,636 
319 


424 
500 
452 
868 


370 
2,639 
1,080 
1,355 
1,476 
1,381 

952 


1,557 

367 

1.968 

383 

2,815 

1,266 

1,000 

490 

1,126 


1,096 


2,400 
641 
965 


2,111 
1,662 


5,106 

1,099 

785 


2,743 

434 

1,154 

1,974 

16,050 


7,001 
5,840 


570 

58,291 

2,513 

1,641 

802 

277 

384 

297 

2,180 

1,172 

1,425 

707 

1,564 

951 

1,076 

809 

1,094 

245 


1,185 
758 
182 
636 
459 

2,060 
186 
734 
124 


161 

380 

90 

2,492 

189 

68 

1,503 

1,031 

2,356 

329 

351 

735 

710 

647 

1,324 

399 

419 

2,309 

1,189 

870 

1,685 

1,175 

859 

208 

1,434 

341 

1,628 

310 

2,545 

1,218 

1,068 

556 

1,252 

819 

1,395 

1,228 

2,611 

620 

960 

133 

639 

1,738 

1,636 

189 

518 

1,427 

795 

328 

70 

5,596 

1,063 

817 

396 

267 

307 

2,750 

758 

1,007 

2,035 

20,830 

948 

687 

7,101 

5,901 

606 

268 

1,255 

84,655 

2,741 

1,617 

725 

1,582 

622 

555 

3,406 

926 

1,166 

632 

1,284 

905 

939 

840 

987 

401 

957 

201 

1,448 

714 

289 

1,164 

341 

1,941 

2-16 

673 

203 

328 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Worthville,  Pa 

Worton,  Md 

Wounded  Knee,  Neb.. 

Wrangel,  Alaska 

Wrangel  Bay,  Alaska... 

Wray,  Col 

Wray,  Col 

Wren,  Ore 

Wrentham,  Mass 

Wright,  Ala 

Wright,  Ga 

Wright,  111 

Wright,  III 

Wright,  Ind_ 

Wright,  Iowa 

Wright,  Iowa 

Wright,  Mich 

Wright,  Mich 

Wright,  Minn 

Wright,  Neb 

Wright,  Neb 

Wright,  N.Y 

Wright,  N.D 

Wright,  Pa 

Wright  City,  Mo 

Wrightsborough,  Ga.... 

Wrightstown,  Pa 

Wrightstown,  Wis 

Wrightstown,  Wis 

Wrightaville,  Ga 

Wrightsville,  Ga 

Wrightsville,  Pa 

Wurtsborough,  N.Y 

Wyaconda,  Mo 

Wyacondah,  Iowa 

Wyalusing,  Pa 

Wyalusing,  Pa 

Wyalusing,  Wis '. 

Wyandotte,  Cal 

Wyandotte,  Kan 

Wyandotte,  Mich 

Wyandotte,  Minn 

Wyanet,  111 

Wyanet,  III 

Wyanett,  Minn 

Wyard,  N.D 

Wyatt,  Ga 

Wyatt,  Ga 

Wych,  Ga 

Wykeham,  Minn 

Wykoff,  Minn 

Wylie,  Tex 

Wymore,  Neb. 

Wymore,  Neb 

Wynne,  Ark 

Wynne,  Ark 

Wynooche,  Wash 

Wyocena,  Wis 

Wyoming,  Del 

Wyoming,  III 

Wyoming,  111 

Wyoming,  Iowa 

Wyoming,  Iowa 

Wyoming,  Ky 

Wyoming,  Ky 

Wyoming,  Mich 

Wyoming,  Minn 

Wyoming,  Neb 

Wyoming,  Neb 

Wyoming,  N.Y 

Wyoming,  0 

Wyoming,  Pa 

Wyoming,  Wis 

Wysox,  111 

Wysox,  Pa 

Wythe,  III 

Wythe,  Va 

Wytheville,  Va 

Wytheville,  Va 

Xenia,  111 

Xenia,  111 

Xenia,  Ind 

Xenia,  0 

Xenia,  0 

Yadkin,  N.C 

Yadkin  College,  N.C.... 

Yadkin  Valley,  N.C 

Yadkinville,  N.C 

Yahoola,  Ga 

Yakima,  Wash 

Yakutat,  Alaska 

Yale,  Mich 

Yale,  Neh 

Yallaha,  Fla 

Yallaha,  Fla 

Yamacraw,  MIm 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-boro' 

district 

precinct 

village 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

IKMt-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

poat-ylll 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

beat 


CJonnty. 


Jefferson.. 

Kent 

Sheridan., 


Yuma 

Yuma. 

Benton 

Norfolk , 

Henry 

Camden 

Greene 

Morgan „.. 

Greene 

Pottawattamie 

Wayne 

Hillsdale 

Ottawa 

Marshall 

Banner 

Boxbutte 

Schoharie 

Dickey 

Luzerne 

Warren , 

McDuffie 

Bucks , 

Brown , 

Brown 

Johnson 

Johnson 

York 

Sullivan 

Clark 

Davis 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Grant 

Butte 

Wyandotte 

Wayne , 

Polk 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Isanti 

Foster , 

Jasper 

Newton 

Elbert 

Todd 

Fillmore 

Collin 

Gage 

Gage 

Cross 

Cross 

Chehalis 

Columbia 

Kent 

Lee , 

Stark 

Jones 

Jones 

Bath 

Bath 

Kent 

Chisago 

Holt 

Otoe 

Wyoming 

Hamilton 

Luzerne 

Iowa 

Carroll 

Bradford 

Hancock 

Elizabeth  City. 

Wythe 

Wythe 

aay 

Clay 

Miami 

Greene ™ 

Greene , 

Stokes 

Davidson 

Caldwell 

Yadkin 

Lumpkin 

Yakima 


Saint  Clair . 

Valley 

Lake 

Lake 

Hancock .... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


174 
2,031 


2,481 
990 
972 


1,867 
1,534 
680 
1,061 
2,134 
1,922 


1,691 


880 

303 
1,746 

773 
2,196 

450 
1,904 

272 
1,776 

538 
1,021 
1,241 
1,681 


719 

888 

2,976 

3,631 


1,800 
737 
369 


579 

694 

1,077 

84 

271 


1,228 

353 
1,455 
1,086 
1,888 

729 
2,034 

105 
2,117 

450 


801 

387 

840 

1,147 

736 

1,273 

1,406 

1,135 

4,025 

3,924 

1,886 

1,418 

898 

732 

10,381 

7,026 

2,507 

466 

861 

129 

471 

267 


699 

22a 


17ft 

2,661 

324 

318 

62 

666 

125 

296 

2,566 

797 

1,122 

989 

1,812 

1,600 

700 

935 

2,246 

1,611 

208 

318 

668 

1,295 

96 

152 

383 

1,428 

838 

2,169 

476 

1,370 

910 

1,912 

490 

1,221 

1,172 

1,273 

438 

786 

804 

2,211 

3,817 

204 

1,610 

670 

660 

68 

864 

636 

999 

652 

336 

239 

2,759 

2,420 

1,932 

665 

125 

1,303 

497 

1,456 

1,116 

865 

704 

1,798 

97 

3,234 

680 

185 

735 

625 

1,464 

1,794 

629 

1,362 

1,249 

975 

3,840 

4,989 

2,670 

1,314 

878 

921 

10,613 

7,301 

3,049 

488 

994 

176 

501 

196 

308 

937 

236 

376 

101 

1,069 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Yampa,  &c.,  Col 

Yanceyvllle,  N.C 

Yanceyville,  N.C 

Yankee,  Neb 

Yankee  Hill,  Neb 

Yankee  Spring,  Mich... 

Yankton,  8.D 

Yaphank,  N.Y 

Yaquina,  Ore 

Yardley,  Pa 

Yarmouth,  Me 

Yarmouth,  Mass 

Yarrelton,  Tex 

Yates,  111 

Yates,  Kan 

Yates,  Ky 

Yates,  Mich 

Yiites,  N.Y 

Yates  Center,  Kan 

Yates  City,  111 

Yatesville,  111 

Yatesville,  Pa 

Yatesville,  Pa 

Yazoo  City,  Miss 

Yekook,  Alaska 

Yell,  Ark 

Yell,  Iowa 

Yell,  Iowa 

Yellow  Bank,  Minn 

Yellow  Creek,  Ga 

Yellow  Creek,  Ky 

Yellow  Creek,  Mo 

Yellow  Creek,  Mo 

Yellow  Creek,  N.C 

Yellow  Creek,  0 

Yellow  Head,  111 

Yellow  Jacket,  Idaho... 

Yellow  Leaf,  Ala 

Yellow  River,  Fla 

Yellow  Springs,  Iowa... 

Yellow  Springs,  O 

Yellowstone    National 

Park,  Wyo 

Yellville,  Ark 

Yelvington,  Ky 

Yemassee,  S.C 

Yess  Bay,  Alaska 

Yoakum,  Ore 

Yoakum,  Tex 

Yoakum,  Tex 

Yocum,  Ark 

Yokum  Station,  Va 

Yonah,  Ga 

Yoncalla,  Ore 

Yonkers,  N.Y 

Yoppin,  N.C 

York,  Ala 

York,  Ala 

York,  Ark 

York,  111 

York,  111 

York,  111 , 

York,  111 , 

York,  Ind , 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind , 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind , 

York,  Iowa , 

York,  Iowa 

York,  Iowa , 

York,  Kan 

York,  Me 

York,  Mich 

York,  Minn 

York,  Mo 

York,  Neb 

York,  N.Y 

York,  N.D 

York,  0 

York,  0 

York,  O 

York,  0 

York,  0 

York,  0 

York,  O 

York,  O 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
township 
post-vill 
precinct 
precinct 
'•twp 

ill 


post 
city 
post-v 


post-prect 


•vill 


post- 
post 
post' 
post' ._ 
townsh 


■town 

■town 

town 

lip 


township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

borough 

village 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

city 

township 

precinct 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Koutt 

Caswell..... 

Caswell 

Perkins 

Lancaster 

Barry 

Yankton 

Suffolk 

Benton 

Bucks 

Cumberland... 

Barnstable 

Milam 

McLean 

Wichita 

Madison 

Lake 

Orleans 

Woodson 

Knox 

Morgan 

Luzerne 

Schuylkill 

Yazoo 


Benton 

Boone 

Webster 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Dawson 

Bell 

Chariton 

Linn 

Graham 

Columbiana 

Kankakee 

Lemhi 

Shelby 

Walton 

Des  Moines 

Greene 


Uintah 

Marion , 

Daviess 

Beaufort.-. 


Umatilla 

DeWitt 

Lavaca 

Carroll 

Lee 

White 

Douglas 

Westchester 

Chowan 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Lonoke 

Carroll 

Clark 

Clark 

Du  Page 

Benton 

Dearborn 

Elkhart 

Noble 

Steuben 

Switzerland 

Iowa 

Pattawattamie 

Tama 

Stafford , 

York 

Washtenaw , 

Fillmore 

Putnam 

York 

Livingston 

Benson 

Athens 

Belmont 

Darke , 

Fulton 

Medina. 

Morgan 

Sandusky 

Tuscarawas 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,369 


1,111 

984 

3,431 

424 

217 

820 

2,021 

2,173 


•1,186 


2,524 
267 

2,020 
350 
679 

1,368 
415 
708 

2,642 


1,424 
423 
557 
976 

1,111 
730 

1,336 


3,958 
1,607 


916 

150 

2,094 

1,377 


346 
1,934 
3,316 


413 
2,223 

723 

489 

18,892 

1,510 

1,292 

232 

705 
1,621 
1,186 

271 
2,324 

717 
1,043 
1,000 
1,156 
1,021 
1,683 

811 

525 
1,149 

778 
2,463 
1,717 

962 
1,573 
1,259 
2,482 


6,438 
1,420 
1,000 
2,572 
992 
1,112 
2,319 
1,080 


203 

1,908 

460 

514 

1,758 

829 

3,670 

517 

557 

813 

2,098 

1,760 

68 

1,017 

50 

2,629 

121 

1,969 

1,305 

687 

1,411 

414 

950 

3,286 

66 

885 

1,709 

405 

586 

880 

3,369 

1,066 

1,058 

618 

5,768 

1,546 

21 

1,101 

316 

1,885 

1,375 

467 

263 

1,739 

3,756 

86 

164 

767 

978 

768 

2,922 

908 

485 

32,088 

1,469 

1,886 

415 

815 

1,401 

1,272 

294 

2,979  I 

626  ! 

814  I 

776  j 

1,039 

964  . 

1,605  I 

765 

690 

1,267 

490  1 

2,444 

1,906 

890 

1,673 

3,405 

2.868 

148 

8,821 

1,458 

1,026 

2,629 

889 

939 

2,.%6 

1,278 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


York,  0 

York,  0 

York.  Pa 

York,  Pa 

York,  S.D 

York,  S.D 

York,  Wis 

York,  Wis 

York,  Wis 

Yorkshire,  N.Y 

Yorkshire  Center,  N.Y. 

York  Springs,  Pa 

Yorktown,  III 

Yorktown,  N.Y 

Yorktown,  N.D 

Yorktown,  S.C 

Yorktown,  Tex 

Yorktown,  Va 

Yorkville,  Ala 

Yorkville,  111 

Yorkville,  Pa 

Yorkville,  S.C 

Yorkville,  Tenn 

Yorkville,  Wis 

Yosemite,  Ky 

Young,  Ark 

Young,  Ark 

Young,  Pa 

Young,  Pa 

Young  America,  III 

Young  America,  Minn. 
Young  America,  Minn. 

Young  Hickory,  III 

Young  River,  Ore 

Youngs,  Ga 

Youngs,  S.C 

Youngstown,  N.Y 

Youngstown,  0 

Youngstown,  0 

Youngstown,  Pa 

Youngsville,  N.C 

Youngsville,  Pa 

Yount,  Cal 

Yountville,  Cal 

Ypsilanti,  Mich 

Ypeilanti.  Mich 

Yreka,  Cal 

Yreka,  Cal 

Ysleta,  Tex 

Yuba,  Cal 

Yuba  City,  Cal 

Yucatan,  Minn 

Yukokakat,  Alaska 

Yuma,  Ariz 

Yuma,  Cal 

Yuma,  Col 

Yuraa,  Col 

Yutan,  Neb ..... 

Zaieski,  0 

Zana,  Ala ^ 

Zane,0 

Zauesfield,  O 

Zanesville,  III 

Zanesville,  0 

Zeandale,  Kan 

Zearing,  Iowa 

Zebulon,  Ga 

Zebnion,  Ga 

Zeeland,  Mich 

Zeeland,  Mich 

Zelienople,  Pa 

Zell,  S.D 

Zerbe,  Pa 

Zero,  Neb 

Zia,  N.M 

Zif,  111 

Zilwaukee,  Mich 

Zion,  Ala 

Zion,  S.C 

Zion,  Va 

Zions,  Minn 

Zionsville,  Ind 

Zolfo,Fla 

Zuma,  111 

Zumbro,  Minn 

Zumbrota,  Minn 

Zumbrota,  Minn 

Zuni,  N.M 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

borough 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

po«t-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 


County. 


Union 

West 

York 

York 

Day 

Hand 

Clark 

Dane , 

Green , 

Cattaraugus ..., 

Cattaraugus 

Adams 

Henry 

Westchester 

Dickey.... 

York 

De  Witt 

York 

Pickens 

Kendall 

Sthnylkill 

York 

Gibson 

Racine 

Casey 

Boone 

Pulaski 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Edgar 

Carver ." 

Carver 

Fulton 

Clatsop 

Polk , 

Lawrence 

Niagara 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Westmoreland. 

Franklin 

Warren , 

Napa , 

Napa 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Siskiyou , 

Siskiyou 

El  Paso 

Sutter 

Sutter 

Houston 


Yuma 

San  Diego 

Yuma 

Yuma 

Saunders 

Vinton 

Tallapoosa 

Logan 

Logan 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Riley 

Story 

Pike 

Pike 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Butler 

Faulk 

Northumberl'd 

Adams 

Bernalillo 

Wayne 

Saginaw 

Walker 

Orangeburg 

Greensville 

Stearns 

Boone 

De  Soto 

Rock  Island 

Wabasha 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Valencia 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,549 

1,364 

2,379 

13,940 


477 

983 

1,049 

1,784 

430 

378 

740 

2,481 


4,248 

430 

260 

1,116 

365 

640 

1,330 

1,928 

1,532 


970 

1,376 

909 

1,274 

979 

151 

866 

65 

960 

2,343 

500 

21,175 

15,435 

294 

117 

606 

2,058 

256 

1,459 

4,984 

2,666 

1,059 

1,453 

1,304 


844 
3,216 


1,175 


939 

307 

1,066 

18,113 

569 


1,041 
246 

2,715 
484 
497 


1,147 


425 
1,630 


1,672 

2,269 

661 

865 


692 
838 
904 
797 


240 


YI. 
POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES 

OF  THS 

UNITED    STATES. 


A  COMPARATIVE  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OK 
THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  THEIR  GROWTH  OR  DECLINE  DURING 
THE  DECADE  FROM  1870  TO  1880. 

I^Abbbxtiationb.— B.  boroH^A;  Cetfy;  n.  hamlet;  RiCD.  hundred ;  t.b.  poal-borough  ;  v. n.  pott-hamlet ;  t.tp.  pott-townehip ; 

P.T.  pott-viUage  ;  tp.  towtuhip  ;  v.  vinage.] 

CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUoe. 


Aaronsbnrg p.r. 

Aastad p.tp. 

Abbeville p.v. 

Abbeville^ p.T. 

Abbeville p.v. 

Abbeville tp. 

Abbeville p.v. 

Abbot tp. 

Abbot p.T. 

Abbot tp. 

Abbott's tp. 

Abbottsburg p.v. 

Abbott's  Corner8...p.h. 

Abbott's  Creek p.tp. 

Abbott's  Creek tp. 

Abbot  Village v. 

Aberdeen p.T, 

Aberdeen c. 

Aberdeen p.v. 

Abilene p.v. 

Abingdon p.v, 

Abingdon p.v, 

Abingdon p.v, 

Abingdon p.v, 

Abington tp. 

Abington tp. 

Abington p.v, 

Abington  ^ ..^tp. 

Abington p.v, 

Abington p.tp. 

Ableman p.v. 

Aboite M p.tp. 

Absecom p.v. 

Academy v. 

Accident p.v. 

Ackermanville p.v. 

Ackley p.v. 

Ackley tp. 

Ackworth p.h. 

Acoma tp. 

Acquackanonck  ^...tp. 

Acton p.h. 

Acton p.v. 

Acton p.tp. 

Acton.... „ tp. 

Acton p.v. 

Acton  *..., t.p. 

Acton p.v. 

Acushnet* p.tp. 

Aoworth p.v. 

Acworth tp. 

Acwortb p.h. 

Ada tp. 

Ada p.v. 

Ada V. 

Ada p.v. 

Ada p.h. 

Adair p.h. 

Adair... p.v. 

Adair tp. 

Adairsville. p.v. 

AdalrviUe p.v. 


Connty. 


Centre _ 

Otter  Tail.. 

Wilcox 

Vermilion 

Lafayette... 

Abbeville... , 

Abbeville , 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis , 

Potter 

Bladen „.... 

Bladen ^.... 

Erie 

Davidson... 

Forsyth »..., 

Essex 

Harford ».... 

Monroe 

Brown 

Dickinson 

Knox 

Jefferson 

Harford 

Washington.... 

Mercer 

Wayne............ 

Wayne~. 

Plymouth.. 

Plymouth 

Montgomery... 

Sauk 

Allen 

Atlantic 

Belknap. 

Oarrett 

Northampton... 

Hardin.. 

Lincoln 

Warren. 

McLeod 

Passaic. 

Pembina 

Marion.. 

York ..... 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Meeker 

Hood 

Bristol 

Cobb 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Kent 

Kent 

Polk 

Hardin 

Henderson 

McDonongh.... 

Adair 

Camden ».. 

Bartow 

Logan 


State. 


Popnlation. 


1870.       1880. 


Pa 

Minn 
6a — 

La 

Miss... 
S.C... 
8.  C... 
Me.... 
Me.... 
Pa..... 
N.  C. 
N.  C, 
N.  Y. 
N.  C. 
N.  C. 
Mass. 
Md.... 
Miss., 
Ohio.. 
Kan. 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Md... 

Va.... 

111..... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Mass.... 

Mass... 

Pa 

Wis 

Ind 

N.J... 
N.  H.„. 
Md..... 

Pa. 

Iowa. .. 
Wi«..„ 
Iowa... 
Minn.. 
N.  J.... 
Dak.... 

Ind 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mass... 
Minn... 

Tex 

Mass... 

Ga 

N.  H.., 

N.  H 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn.. 

Ohio 

Tenn ... 

Ill- 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

Ga. 

Ky 


645 


3,034 


712 


534 
716 


987 
763 


2,022 
871 


1,700 


]06 
715 
931 
833 
161 
9,308 


2,440 
"906 


392 
4,368 


210 
1,008 
1,593 


486 
'1,132 
1,050 
'i",427 


637 
603 
214 


871 
227 
61 
255 
223 

3,427 

1,543 
695 
117 
623 
948 
277 
110 

1,069 
747 
244 
191 

2,339 
885 

2,360 

1,511 
224 
177 

1,064 
909 
837 
127 

3,007 

2,112 

2,186 
163 
918 
607 
187 
114 
172 

1,617 

184 

72 

688 

1,781 

71 

306 

1,060 

1,797 

188 

726 

35 

1,105 
633 
982 
97 

1,441 
340 
138 

1,760 
33 
138 
306 
900 
391 
476 


Place. 


Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams p.v. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams  ^ tp. 

Adams p.T, 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Ad(ims tp. 

Adams.. p.v. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams p.v, 

Adams tp. 

Adams p.v, 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams p.tp. 

Adams* ...tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.. tp. 

Adams  Baain .p.v. 

Adamsburg ....t. 

Adamsbnrg .;...p.T. 

Adams  Centre p.T. 

Adams  Corner8.....T. 

Adams  Run .tp. 

Adams  Run p.h. 

Adams  Station p.T. 

Adamstown p.T. 

Adamstown -p.b. 

Adanisville p.v. 

Adamsville .p.v. 

Adamsville -p.T. 

Adamsville p.h. 

Adamsville ....tp. 

Adamsville. p.h. 

Addieville p.h. 

Addison  p.tp. 

Addison tp. 

Addison tp. 


County. 


La  Salle 

Carroll 

Cass 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Hamilton. 

Madison , 

Morgan 

Parke 

Ripley 

Dallas 

Delaware 

Keokuk 

Mahaska 

Wapello 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Hillsdale , 

Houghton 

Mower 

Mower 

DeKalb 

Harrison 

Gage 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Champaign 

Clinton 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Guernsey 

Lucas 

Monroe 

Muskingum.... 

Seneca 

Washington.... 

Butler 

Cambria. 

Snyder 

Adams 

Green 

Monroe 

Snyder 

Westmoreland. 

Jefferson 

Worcester 

Colleton 

Colleton 

Robertson 

Frederick 

Lancaster 

Cass 

Muskingum.... 

Crawford 

Newport 

Marlborough... 

Beaver 

Waahing^n.... 

DaPag« 

Shelby 

Washington.... 


State. 


Ill , 

Ind...., 

Ind 

Ind...., 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind...., 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Mass.., 
Mass.. 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo. 

Neb_... 
N.  Y... 
N.Y.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Wis..... 

Wis 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y... 
Masi.. 
8.  0 — 

8.  0 

Tenn.. 

Md 

Pa. 

Mich.. 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

R.I 

8. 0 

Utah.. 

Ill 

111 

Ind 

Me 


PopnlatioB. 


1870.      1880. 


1,662 

1,149 

807 

2,162 


2,178 

1,664 

1,207 

3,286 

2,703 

1,015 

730 

949 

836 

1,363 

12,090 


1,797 
670 
676 

""m 


3348 

1,362 

1,238 

883 

1,113 

2,291 

1,220 

762 

959 

1,201 

727 

1,637 

1,786 

973 

836 


426 
1,007 


431 
104 
280 


1,407 
179 


1,613 
2,677 
1,201 


1,612 

1,000 

88& 

2,216 

361 

2,968 

1,663 

1,252 

3,63T 

2,608 

1,093 

664 

86« 

940 

1,211 

6,691 

2,388 

1,86& 

1,148 

971 

96 

1,163 

676 

62 

3,302 

1,260 

1,446 

921 

1,24& 

2,82& 

1,60» 

80» 

1,611 

1,317 

785 

1,624 

1,866 

1,166 

1,004 

831 

447 

930 

274 

233 

199 

403 

122 

4,409 

271 

237 

66 

701 

133 

280 

137 

118 

8,686 

192 

78 

1,901 

8,014 

1,238 


Since  1870,  parts  to  Rockland      <  In    1870,    including    Passaic 
and  South  Abington.  City. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Danielson. 

*  In  1876,  part  to  New  Bedford. 


*  In  1878,  part  to  North  Adams. 

*  In  1877,  part  of  Union  anncxeA 

241 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUENS   OF   1870  AND   1880  OOMPAEED. 


Place. 


Oonntjr. 


A.ddl8on p.v. 

Addison tp. 

Addison tp. 

Addison p.v, 

Addison t. 

Addison tp. 

Addison p.r 

Addison tp. 

Addison p.tp. 

Addison h. 

Addison p.tp. 

Adel tp. 

Adel... p.T. 

Adeline p.v. 

Adelpbi p.b. 

Adelpbl... p.v. 

Adena p.b. 

Adin ~p.T. 

Adobetown.„ p.v. 

Adrian... p.v. 

Adrian ....c. 

Adrian.- tp. 

Adrian.. p.b. 

Adrian... tp. 

Adrian p.v. 

Adrian... tp. 

Advance p.b. 

£tna tp. 

Minn tp. 

Aflou tp. 

Afton tp. 

Afton tp. 

Afton p.v. 

Afton p.tp. 

Afton tp. 

Afton p.v. 

Afton p.v. 

Afton tp. 

Afton p.v. 

Agawam p.tp. 

Agency tp. 

Agency  1 tp. 

Agency p.v. 

Agency tp. 

Agency  City p.v. 

Agnes  City p.tp. 

Abnapee  .„ tp. 

Ahnapee... p.v. 

Al pJi. 

Aid tp. 

Aiken  > tp. 

Aiken p.v. 

Alnswortb p.v. 

Airdrie b. 

Airey'a p.v. 

Air  Slonut p.h. 

Aitkin... tp. 

Aitkin p.v. 

Aken tp. 

Aker8ville.~ ..p.h. 

Akron... .p.tp. 

Akron p.v. 

Akron' p.tp. 

Akron p.v. 

Akron c. 

Akron p.b. 

Alabama tp. 

Alabama tp. 

Alabama p.v. 

Alabaster^ tp. 

Alabaster^ p.v. 

Alaiedou tp. 

Alameda p.v. 

Alameda v. 

Alamo p.T. 

Alamo tp. 

Alamo p.v. 

Alamosa p.v. 

Alatitbiis  Grove p.v. 

Alaska p.v. 

AlaskH p.v. 

Alba tp. 

Alba. tp. 

Alba._ p.b. 

Alban p.tp. 

Albany p.v. 

Albany tp. 

Albany p.v. 

Albany p.v. 


Lenawee 

Oakland 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Champaign 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Somerset 

Addison 

Webster 

Washiug^n 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Ogle 

Polk 

Boss 

Jefferson 

Modoc 

Madison 

Hancock 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Kobles 

Watonwan , 

Seneca 

Monroe  „ 

Indiana. 

Mecosta , 

Pipe  Stone 

De  Kalb , 

Cherokee 

Howard 

Union 

Sedgwick... 

Washington 

Washington 

Morris 

Chenango.. 

Chenango.. 

Hampden. 

Wapello 


Buchanan 

Buchanan 

Wapello 

Lyon.. 

Kewaunee 

Kewaunee 

Fulton 

Lawrence. 

Aiken 

Aiken 

Washington.... 
Muhleaburg... 
Dorchester..... 

Yalabusha 

Aitkin 

Aitkin 

Bichland.. 

Fulton 

Peoria. 

Fulton 

Tuscola 

Brie 

Summit. 

Lancaster. 

Sacramento.... 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Ingham 

Alameda 

Bernalillo 

Montgomery... 
Kalamazoo.... 

Crockett. 

Ouuejos 

Gentry 

Morgan 

Kent 

Henry 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Portage 

Dougherty .... 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Delaware. 


State. 


Mich. 
Mich. 
N.Y.. 
K.Y. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 

Pa 

Vt 

W.Va« 
Wis..., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Cal.... 
Mon... 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Wis  .... 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn.. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 
N.J.... 
N.  Y..... 

K.  Y 

Mass.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Kan... 
Wi«..... 
Wis...., 
Ohio.... 

Ohio. 

S.  0 

8. 0 

Iowa. ... 

Ky 

Md 

Miss 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Cal 

N.  Y.... 

N.Y 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Oal 

N.  Mex. 

Ind 

Mich... 

Tenn 

Col 

Mo 

Ind 

Mich.... 

lU 

Minn ... 

Pa. 

Wis. 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,063 
2,218 


1,340 


1,456 
911 


1,833 

1,663 

711 


417 


8,438 
1,451 


267 
603 


336 


873 
263 
474 
961 


825 


1,931 
467 
2,001 
1,223 
1,866 


630 

143 

1,544 


1,476 
2,269 


206 


676 


1,186 


685 

444 

10,006 


336 
1,806 

""236 


1,296 

1,667 

648 


1,148 


295 


2,101 
806 
606 


291 

975 

2,634 

1,696 

372 

1,440 

79 

1,582 

847 

120 

1,774 

2,302 

989 

196 

51 

469 

46 

217 

98 

163 

7,849 

1,462 

193 

317 

211 

716 

34 

894 

72 

849 

690 

871 

1,231 

407 

928 

130 

279 

2,248 

734 

2,216 

1,186 

1,809 

266 

810 

666 

943 

1,430 

948 

164 

1,630 

3,531 

1,817 

381 

80 

46 

49 

366 

136 

841 

19 

1,216 

193 

1,367 

1,036 

16,512 

284 

479 

1,976 

173 

266 

167 

1,474 

6,708 

570 

220 

1,218 

276 

802 

122 

37 

225 

427 

139 

189 

310 

3,216 

819 

623 

249 


Place. 


Albany p.tp. 

Albany  i p.tp. 

Albany p.v. 

Albany tp. 

Albany c. 

Albany v. 

Albany p.v. 

Albany. p.tp. 

Albany tp. 

Albany p.v. 

Albany p.tp. 

Albany tp. 

Albany p.v. 

Albany tp. 

Albee tp. 

Albemarle tp. 

Alberta. „ tp. 

Albert  Lea tp. 

Albert'Lea p.v. 

Albertson p.tp. 

Albia. p.v. 

Albin. tp. 

Albina.. p.v. 

Albion -p.v. 

Albion tp. 

Albion. p.v. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. p.v. 

Albion... tp. 

Albion.. ...tp. 

Albion.. p.v. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion p.tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. ....^. 

Albion.. p.tp. 

Albion tp. 

Albion.......... p.tp, 

Albion.. ...tp. 

Albion.. p.b. 

Albion.. p.v. 

Albion.. p.tp. 

Albion  * tp. 

Albion tp. 

Albuquerqne p.v. 

Alburg. p.tp. 

AlborBs p.v. 

Alcona p.tp. 

Alcona.. tp. 

Alcona.. p.v, 

Alden tp. 

Alden p.v, 

Alden tp. 

Alden ...p.v. 

Alden tp. 

Alden ...p.v. 

Alden ..tp. 

Alden p.v. 

Alden .~.tp. 

Alden  Centre p.h. 

Alderson p.v. 

Aldine tp. 

Aldie ...p.v. 

Aldrich tp. 

Aledo p.v. 

Aleppo.. tp. 

Aleppo p.tp. 

Alert pJi. 

Alexander p.v. 

Alexander p.tp. 

Alexander p.tp. 

Alexander tp. 

Alexander tp. 

Alexander p.v. 

Alexander tp. 

Alexander  Cit]r....p.v. 

Alexandria. p.v. 

Alexandria p.v. 

Alexandria p.v. 

Alexandria. tp. 

Alexandria. p.v. 

Alexandria. p.v. 

Alexandria  T tp. 

Alexandria .p.v. 

Alexandria p.v. 

Alexandria p.v. 

Alexandria p.t. 


County. 


State. 


Oxford 

Steams. , 

Gentry 

Carroll 

Albany.. 

Athens 

Linn 

Berks 

Bradford , 

Shackelford.. .. 

Orleans 

Green 

Green 

Pepin 

Saginaw 

Stanley 

Benton 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Duplin 

Monroe 

Brown 

Multnomah.... 

Cassia 

Edwards 

Edwards 

Noble 

Noble 

Butler.......... 

Howard. 

Marshall 

Barton 

Reno 

Bepublic 

Kennebec. 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Wright_ 

Boone 

Orleans. 

Oswegc 

Erie 

Providence 

Dane 

Jackson 

Trempealeau.. 

Bernalillo. 

Grand  Isle , 

Lehigh 

Books 

Alcona 

Alcona , 

McHenry , 

McHenry 

Hardin. 

Hardin 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Erie 

Erie 

Polk 

Brie 

Monroe 

Norton 

Loudoun 

Wadena 

Mercer 

Alleghany 

Greene 

Decatur. 

Morgan. 

Bush.. 

Washington... 

Benton.. 

Genesee. 

Genesee 

Athens 

Tallapoosa 

Calhoun 

Hanson 

Madison 

Leavenworth., 

Campbell , 

Bapides 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Clarke 

Thayer 

Grafton 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Me 

Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  H... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

N.  C 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn .. 

N.C 

Iowa.... 
Minn.. 
Oregon. 
Idaho .. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 

Kan 

Kan.... 
Kan... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich... 
Minn ... 
Neb.... 
N.Y.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

B.  I..... 
Wis.-... 

Wis. 

Wis..... 
N.  Mex. 

Vt 

Pa. 

Kan-.., 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn ... 
Minn  .. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.  Y 

W.Va.. 
Kan..... 

Va 

Minn... 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ill , 

Kan..  .. 

Me 

Mo 

N.  Y...., 

N.Y 

Ohio..... 

Ala 

Ala 

Dak 

Ind : 

Kan.... 

Ky 

La 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H... 


661 

231 

607 

339 

69,422 

480 

1,992 

1.610 

1,379 


1,161 
1,374 


276 
197 

1,600 
168 

1,167 

""667 

1,621 

194 


2,866 
613 
698 
476 

1,039 
682 
476 


1,366 
2,409 


281 


2,369 
462 

'i,i*2 

1,991 


1,307 
1,716 


146 


.722 


739 


381 


2,647 


390 


1,076 


1,382 


456 

921 

1,605 


1,611 


287 
1,179 

381 
1,218 

603 


688 


876 


>  Since  1870,  parts  to  Olivet  and      *  In  1879,  part  of  Geneva  an- 

Melvem.  nexed. 

» In  1871.  from  Barnwell  County. 

242 


*  In  1877,  parts  to  Burleigh  and      «  Since  1870,  parts  to  MillstoB 

Sherman.  and  Sullivan. 

«  In  1872,  part  to  Krain.  '  In  1873,  part  to  L«  Grand. 


POPULATION  OF   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


Alexandria  ^ 

Alexandria < 

Alexandria 

Alexandria 

Alexandria 

Alexandria 

Alexis.. 

Alexis 

Alford 

Alford 

AlfordsTllle 

AlfordsTllle 

Alfred 

Alfred 

Alfred 

Alfred 

Alfred  Centre.... 
Alfsborg  *......_.. 

Algansee 

Algiers 

Algodones 

Algoma*..... 

Algoma 

Algona* 

Algona 

Algonac 

Algonquin 

Algonquin 

Alhambra 

Alhambra 

Allamuchee 

Allapaba 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany  > 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleman's 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen „ 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allen 

Allendale >.. 

Allendale »., 

Allendale 

Allenport 

Allensburg 

AUeu's  Fresh.... 
Allen's  QroTe. .. 
Allen's  Grove..., 
Allen's  Grove.... 

AUenstown 

Allensvllle 

Allensville 

Allensville 

Allensville- 

AUenton 

AUenton 

Alleutown 

Allentown , 

Allentown , 

Allentown 

Allenville , 


..tp. 

,.„tp. 

,..p.v. 

_p.v. 

..p.b. 


..h. 
,.p.T. 

,.tp. 
,.p.h. 

..p.T, 

..tp. 

,.tp. 

,.p.T. 

,.tp. 

..p.h. 

,.p.v. 

,.p.tp. 
.p.tp. 

..p.v 


..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 

»p.v. 

.P.T. 
..tp. 

,.p.v. 

,.tp. 

..p.v. 

,.p.tp, 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 
..p.T. 
,.tp. 


..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.v, 

...tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T, 

..p.T, 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.h, 

...p.v 

...P.tp. 

...tp. 

..p.h. 

«.T. 

...p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.tp 

...p.T. 

.„tp. 

...p.h. 

...p.T. 

•ap. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 
-p.T. 
...p.T. 
...p.T. 
...T. 


.p.h. 


County. 


Hunterdon 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Licking 

Huntingdon. 

Alexandria.- 

Mercer. 

Warren - 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

DaTiess 

Bobesou 

York. „ 

York 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Sibley 

Branch - 

Orleans 

Bernalillo 

Kent > 

Winnebago 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

St.  Clair. 

McHeniy 

McHenry 

Madison 

Madison 

Warren„ 

Berrien - 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Sierra 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Davidson 

Alleghany 

Blair - 

Butler 

Cambria 

Potter. 

Somerset— 

Venango 

Westmoreland.... 

Clearfield 

La  Salle 

McLean 

Miami 

Noble 

Harrison 

Polk 

Warren - 

Jewell 

Kingman- 

Natchitoches 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale- 

Worth 

Alleghany 

Darke 

Hancock 

Union 

Northampton  -.., 

Washington , 

Collin , 

Wabash 

Ottawa , 

Barnwell.- 

Washington 

Highland 

Charles 

Mason , 

Scott _ , 

Walworth 

Merrimac , 

Switzerland. , 

Todd. , 

Person - , 

Mifflin 

Wilcox - 

St.  Loois 

Monmouth 

Allen 

Fayette 

Lehigh 

Cape  Girardeau., 


State. 


N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio. ... 

Pa 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass..... 

Mass 

Ind 

N.  0 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y...., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn.., 
Mich.... 

La 

N.Mex 
Mich..., 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

IlL 

lU. 

Ill 

N.  J-.... 

Oa„ 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

CaL 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 
N.  0.-... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

lU 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

La. 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Mich.... 

8. 0 

Pa. 

Ohio.... 

Md 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Wis.... 
N.  H-., 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  0.-., 

Pa. 

Ala 

Mo. 

N.  J.-., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


4,263 
3,087 


303 

656 

13,570 


430 


128 
1,041 

1,224 


1,666 


264 
1,421 
2,600 

229 
1,969 

807 
2,167 

860 

764 
2,167 


973 
101 


3,642 
2,374 

240 
2,486 

746 

436 

63,180 

1,913 

890 
1,230 

626 
1,133 
1,486 
1,710 


877 
1,224 
1,042 
1,764 


732 

788 


1,769 


1,352 
794 
781 
969 
1,198 
2,040 
815 


799 
1,847 


1,199 
646 


804 


1,120 


13,884 


1,324 

3,135 

687 

269 

484 

13,659 

82 

398 

348 

49 

119 

1,571 

1,101 

306 

1,626 

135 

513 

477 

1,550 

8,855 

376 

2,100 

791 

2,147 

1,359 

712 

2,321 

286 

1,228 

108 

«48 

167 

3,698 

2,305 

277 

4,044 

1,049 

692 

78,682 

2,149 

2,287 

1,431 

672 

1,201 

1,043 

2,050 

66 

1,016 

1,291 

1,226 

2,036 

297 

673 

1,031 

663 

195 

213 

1,680 

594 

1,847 

818 

1,246 

1,025 

1,333 

2,602 

1,236 

96 

283 

1,074 

2,580 

163 

61 

63 

1,102 

833 

201 

1,707 

86 

396 

1,389 

282 

177 

130 

1,010 

73 

97 

18,063 

122 


PUoe. 


AUerton p.T. 

Alleyton.- p.T. 

Alleyton.- p.T. 

Alliance.- p.T. 

Alligator tp. 

Alligator. tp. 

Allison -tp. 

Allison -p.tp. 

Allouez p.tp. 

Allouez tp. 

AUowaystown  ......p.T. 

Allsborough p.h. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma p.tp. 

Alma T. 

Alma* .- tp. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma h. 

Alma' p.h. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma „....tp. 

Alma  ......M.. pJi. 

Alma tp. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma tp. 

Alma  Centre— p.T. 

Almaden tp. 

Almena. p.tp, 

Almena tp. 

Aimer tp. 

Almira .p.tp. 

Almon ....-tp. 

Almond tp. 

Almond tp. 

Almond p.tp. 

Almond's - tp. 

Almont tp. 

Almont.. p.T. 

Almota p.h. 

Almyrille t. 

Alna -p.tp. 

Alpena  T tp. 

Alpena  - c. 

Alpha p.T. 

Alpha p.T. 

Alpha p.T. 

Alpha p.T. 

Alpha p.T. 

Alpharetta. p.T. 

Alpine p.T. 

Alpine - p.tp, 

Alpine -p.T. 

Alpine  City- p.v. 

Alquina p.v. 

Alsace p.tp. 

Alsop h. 

Alatead p.tp. 

Alstead  Centre p.h. 

Alta - p.T. 

Alta p.h. 

Alta p.T. 

Alta p.tp. 

Altamont p.T. 

Altamont p.T. 

AltaTllle h. 

Alta  Vista tp. 

Altay p.T. 

Altenburg p.T. 

Alto tp. 

Alto »..p.T. 

Alto p.h. 

Alto .h. 

Alto tp. 

Alton tp. 

Alton. c. 

Alton p.T. 

Alton p.T. 

Alton p.tp. 

Alton p.h. 

Alton tp. 

Alton p.T. 

Alton tp. 

Alton -....p.T. 

Alton p.T. 

Altona- p.T. 

Altona— pJi. 


County. 


Wayne 

Newaygo- 

Colorado 

Stark 

Tyrrel 

Chesterfield- 

Lawrence 

Clinton 

Keweenaw 

Brown 

Salem 

Colbert 

Crawford- 

Park - 

Marion - 

St.  Clair 

Wabaunsee.- 

Wabaunsee-. 

Gratiot - 

Christian.. 

Lafayette. 

Harlan. - 

Alleghany 

Page 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Santa  Clara- 

Norton 

Van  Buren 

Tuscola - 

Benzie 

Shawano- 

Big  Stone 

Alleghany 

Portage - 

Stanley - 

Lapeer. - 

Lapeer.- 

Whitman- 

Windham- 

Lincoln - 

Alpena - 

Alpena. 

Henry 

Fayette....... 

Grundy - 

Eureka- 

Greene - 

Milton 

Chaffee 

Kent 

Schuyler 

Utah - 

Fayette 

Berks. 

Stutsman 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Placer 

Peoria 

Buena  Vista. 

Harvey 

Effingham 

Grundy - 

Calaveras- 

Lincoln 

Schuyler 

Perry - 

Lee 

Richland. 

Cherokee 

Fond  du  Lac 

Fond  du  Lac 

Madison 

Madison 

Crawfoi-d 

Anderson- 

Penobscot 

Kent - 

Waseca 

Oregon 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Franklin.- 

Knox .M. 

De  Kalb. 


State. 


Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Tex....- 

Ohio 

N.  C 

8.C 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Wis-.... 

N.  J 

Ala 

Ark 

Col 

Ill- 

Ill- 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb-.... 

N.  Y 

Va 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis-.... 

Wis 

Cal 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Wis. 

N.  0.-.~ 

Mich 

Mich.... 
Wash... 
Conn.... 

Me 

Mich 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Nev. 

Ohio 

Ga- 

Col 

Mich.... 
N,  Y„... 
Utah.... 

Ind 

Pa. 

Dak-.... 
N.  H-... 

N.  H 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan  — 

111 

Tenn.... 

Cal 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Ill 

La 

Tex... .. 

Wis- 

Wis.. 

ni-... 
ni-... 

Ind... 

Ky... 

Me... 

Miob 

Minn ... 

Mo... 

N.H. 

N.H, 

Ohio. 

IlL... 

Ind.. 


Popatetkw. 


187a    ism. 


4,063 
778 
669 
856 


704 

'462 


766 


1,049 
666 
731 


1,647 


980 
671 


1,686 
651 
792 

2,298 


747 
8,612 


126 
T,4«i 
"2O8 
1,294 
*i*,2r3 


200 
832 


1,448 
869 

8,666 
137 
160 
608 


429 

76 

1,768 


90S 


888 
464 
189 

4,636 
917 

1,226 

1,068 
930 
975 
269 
684 
108 
604 
446 

1,024 
463 

1,067 

362 

437 

94 

63 

298 

866 

63 

731 

1,244 

1,802 
170 

2,418 
876 

osa 

1,172 
366 
803 
235 

1,667 
872 
924 

2,060 

837 

47 

m 

687 

726 

6,163 

137 

42 
128 

60 
132 
164 
603 
1,378 
180 
319 
111 
l/>23 

28 

1,037 

305 

120 

29 
423 
523 
654 
110 

71 

221 

130 

234 

1,028 

98 

88 

76 
1,335 
873 
8,976 
269 
809 
419 

20 

947 

127 

1<476 

899 

96 
818 
100 


>  In  1879,  part  to  Holland.  «  Since    1870,  area    much    re- 
«  In  1871,  part  to  Cornish.  duced. 

»  In  1870,  including  all  of  Rock-  »  Since  1870,  McOlure  and  parts 
ford. 


of  Reserve  and  Ross  town-  Mill  Creek,  and  WMhing. 

ships  have  been  annexed.  ton. 

•  Since  1870,  parts  to  Fanner,      »  In  1873jj)art«  to  Long  Bapi<it 

and  Wilson. 

243 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUoa. 


P.h. 

pv- 

P.h. 

....p,T. 

....p.T. 

,....p.T. 

,.p.T. 


Altona. pji. 

Altona tp. 

Altona. p.tp. 

Altona... T. 

Alton  Bay p.T, 

Altoona p.v, 

Altoona c. 

Alto  Paaa» p.  v. 

Alturas. p.v 

Altns 

Alum  Creek.. 

Alrada 

Alvarado 

Alvarado 

ilvin 

Alviso 

AlTlfio M tp. 

AlTon p.h. 

Amador tp. 

Amador  City p.T. 

Amaganset ~mP.t. 

Amalthea t. 

Amana tp. 

Amanda tp. 

Amanda t. 

Amanda m tp. 

Amanda p.T. 

Amanda tp. 

Amaqua ..tp. 

Amazonia. p.T. 

Amber  1 p.tp, 

Amber p.v. 

AmbersonTille v. 

Ambia p.h. 

Ambler m v. 

Amboy.. c. 

Amboy tp. 

Amboy p.T. 

Amboy p.tp. 

Amboy„ tp. 

Amboy- p.T. 

Amboy tp. 

Amboy tp. 

Amboy  Centre p.T. 

Amelia. p.T. 

Amelia. tp. 

Amenia. p.tp. 

Amenia  Union p.T. 

America ^ h. 

America tp. 

American tp. 

American  Fork p.T. 

Americas p.v. 

Americus. h. 

AmericoB. tp. 

Americas.. p.T. 

Ames p.T. 

Ames p.T. 

Ames M ....tp. 

Amesbury  « tp. 

Amesville „..t. 

Amesville p.v. 

Amherst  < ....tp. 

Amherst.. p.tp. 

Amherst p.tp. 

Amherst p.^. 

Amherst... tp. 

Amherst p.v. 

Amherst tp. 

Amherst.- p.tp. 

Amherst tp. 

Amherst p.T. 

Amherst  Janction..p.h. 

Amiret tp. 

Amiret p.h. 

Amissville ,»..p.T. 

Amite  City p.T. 

Amity p.T. 

Amity „..tp. 

Amity p.T. 

Amity ^..tp. 

Amity p.tp. 

Amity tp. 

Amity p.T, 

Ami^ T. 

Amity m. ~..p.T, 

Amity tp. 

Amity tp. 

AmityTille p.T, 


County. 


Mecosta. 

Pipe  Stone , 

Clinton 

Calumet 

Belknap 

Polk 

Blair 

Union 

Modoc 

Franklin 

Bastrop 

Seneca 

Alameda 

Johnson 

Vermilion 

Santa  Clara. 

Santa  Clara 

Greenbrier 

Chisago 

Amador 

Suffolk 

Franklin 

Iowa 

Allen- 

Butler 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Hancock , 

Boone 

Andrew 

Mason , 

Onondaga. 

Cherokee 

Benton.- 

Montgomery ..., 

Lee , 

Lee , 

Miami , 

Hillsdale 

Cottonwood-.... 

Blue  Earth , 

Oswego , 

Fulton 

Oswego 

Clermont _ 

Orangeburg 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Wabash 

Plymouth 

Sacramento 

Utah 

Sumter 

Tippecanoe ., 

Lyon ~..... 

Lyon 

Story 

Montgomery .... 

Athens 

Essex 

Litchfield ., 

Athens 

Cherokee 

Hancock 

Hampshire 

Fillmore 

Hillsborough.... 
Hillsborough.... 

Erie 

Lorain 

Portage 

Portage. 

Portage 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Rappahannock . 

Tangipahoa 

Clarke 

Livingston 

Johnson 

Page 

Aroostook 

Alleghany 

Orange 

Knox 

Yam  Hill , 

Berks- 

Erie , 

Suffolk 


State. 


Mich... 
Minn .., 
N.  T„.. 

Wis 

N.H... 
Iowa..., 

Pa. 

lU 

Cal 

Ark.-... 

Tex 

Ohio 

Cal 

Tex 

HI 

Cal 

Cal 

W.  Va... 
Minn.... 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..  .. 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ala 

Ind 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich,... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio...- 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

8.0 

N.  Y 

N.Y-.. 

Ind 

Iowa .... 

Cal 

Utah .... 

Ga 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Mass.... 
Conn.... 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Va- 

La- 

Ark.-... 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa..« 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


2,769 


10,610 


316 


688 
"77 


1,441 

1,376 

226 

1,647 


1,469 


2,826 
1,279 


1,160 


1,431 
1,089 


2,040 
2,662 


416 


3,269 
143 
884 


1,229 
6,681 


162 


360 
4,036 
1,116 
1,353 


4,656 

2,482 

982 


910 
'790 


1,010 

311 

2,087 


1,646 
924 


86 
146 
3,670 
290 
171 
400 

19,710 
166 
148 
224 
181 
63 
364 
377 
165 
141 
721 
65 
178 
824 
648 
87 

1,633 

1,456 
273 

1,840 
375 

1,474 
697 
262 
747 
156 
148 
253 
261 

2,448 

1,223 
208 

1,379 
139 
56 

1,244 

1,291 

46 

881 

3,664 

2,697 
64 
65 

2,311 
401 

1,299 

3,635 
89 

1,906 
431 

1,153 
148 

1,392 

3,355 
377 
169 
341 
400 

4,298 
931 

1,225 
434 

4,519 

3,259 

1,376 

298 

49 

282 

46 

141 

1,120 
140 

1,290 
69 

1,381 
432 

1,972 
131 
116 
216 

1,698 

1,033 

1,063 


Place. 


,.«..T. 

,.tp. 


AmityTille- h. 

Amo.- p.T. 

Amo tp. 

Amor p.tp, 

Amsterdam'* -tp. 

Amsterdam tp. 

Amsterdam- p.T. 

Amsterdam- p.h. 

Amsterdam p.h. 

Amwell tp. 

Anaheim  - p.T. 

Analy'- tp. 

Anamosa p.v. 

Anchor p.h. 

Anchorage .- p.T, 

Anchor  City.. 
Anchor  City.. 

Ancram tp, 

Ancram ,p.T. 

Ancram  Lead  Mlne.p.T. 

Andalusia. p.T. 

Andalusia p.tp. 

Andalusia p.T, 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson- p.T, 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson- tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson p.h. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson p.h 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson- tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson- p.T, 

Anderson  C.  H.-....p.v. 

Andersonville p.T, 

AndersonTille p.T. 

Andes tp. 

Andes p.T. 

Andover p.^. 

Andover p.v, 

Andover tp. 

Andover .- p.tp. 

Andover'- p.tp. 

Andover ....tp. 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.v. 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.v. 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.v. 

Andover p.tp, 

Andover p.tp, 

Andover  Centre. v. 

Andrew p.T. 

Angelica.- tp. 

Angelica.- p.T. 

Angelica.- p.tp. 

Angel  Island 

Angelo tp. 

Angel's  Camp- p.T. 

Angola- 

Angola. 

Angus 

Animas  City 

Animas  Forks... 
Anita 


County. 


..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..p.tp. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 

p.T. 


Ann tp. 

Anna tp. 

Anna. p.T. 

Anna p.v. 

Annandale p.v. 

Annandale- p.v. 

Annapolis. p.v. 

Annapolis p.T. 

Annapolis c. 

Annapolis p.T. 

Annapolis b. 

Annapolis. p.T. 

Ann  Arbor c. 

Ann  Arbor tp. 

Annaton.- p.h. 

Annawan p.T. 

Annawan tp. 

Annin tp. 

Anniston p.v. 


Berks- 

Hendricks 

Cottonwood-... 

Otter  Tail- 

Hancock 

Montgomery ., 
Montgomery .. 

Jefferson 

Botetourt 

Washington-.. 
Los  Angeles-.. 

Sonoma. 

Jones 

McLean 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

McLean 

Columbia 

Columbia. 

Columbia. 

Covington 

Bock  Island..., 

Bucks , 

Mendocino , 

Clark- 

Madison 

Madison 

Perry 

Eush. 

Warrick 

Fremont 

Mills.- 

Warren. 

Caswell 

Hamilton 

Williamsburg  . 

Grimes 

Anderson- , 

Sumter 

Anderson 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Tolland 

Henry , 

Henry 

Oxford „.... 

Essex 

Polk 

Merrimac 

Merrimac- 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Ashtabula- 

Windsor. 

Tolland 

Jackson 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Shawano 

Marin 

Monroe 

Calaveras- 

Steuben 

Erie 

Polk 

La  Plata 

San  Juan 

Cass 

Cottonwood 

Union 

Union 

Shelby 

Hunterdon 

Dutchess 

Crawford 

Parke 

Anne  Arundel.. 

Iron 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Grant 

Henry 

Henry 

McKean 

Calhoun 


State. 


Pa. 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Va 

Pa 

Cal 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ky 

Dak.-... 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 

Ala 

Ill 

Pa 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa... 

N.  J 

N.C 

Ohio 

S.  0 

Tex 

8.  C 

Ga. 

Tenn..., 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Conn.... 

Ill , 

111 

Me 

Mass..., 
Minn .., 

N.  H 

N.  H„.., 
N.  J.-.., 
K.  J.-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Vt 

Conn.... 
Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Cal 

Wis. 

Cal 

Ind 

N.  Y-.„ 
Minn ... 

Col 

Col 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

N.  J. 

K.  Y 

lU 

Ind 

Md 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Ill 

HI 

Pa 

Ala 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


259 

7,706 

6,426 

89 


1,879 

881 

2,374 

1,606 


1,793 


878 


679 
947 
4,713 
3,126 
1,136 
1,462 
842 


631 


1,644 

4,077 
676 


1,432 


2,840 


461 

"l,767 

767 

4,873 

"1,206 


1,126 


1,873 


921 
688 


352 

1,643 

991 

233 


461 


1,072 
600 


2,697 
1,269 


347 


279 
6,744 


263 

139 

7,363 

1,383 


1,261 
760 


>  In  1876,  part  to  Eden. 

■  In  1876,  part  to  Merrimac. 

2U 


«  In  1871,  from  part  of  Sheri- 
dan. 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Magor. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  Bedwood. 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Lawrence. 


1»0PULATI0N  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS-  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUoe. 


Anngrllle tp. 

Anurille p.  v. 

Anoka p.b. 

Anoka ~.tp. 

Anoka^ p.v. 

AnsoD —tp. 

Auson' ~ tp. 

Ausunia p.v. 

AiiBonTille ...tp. 

Ansonvllle -p.v. 

Antelope - tp. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony p.v. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony p.v. 

Antioch p.v. 

Antioch T. 

Antioch tp. 

Antioch p.v. 

Antioch p.r. 

Antioch b. 

Antioch tp. 

Antioch tp. 

Antioch' tp. 

Antiquity p.v. 

Autis - tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim ~tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antwerp tp. 

Antwerp tp. 

Antwerp p.v. 

Antwerp p.T. 

Apalachin p.T. 

Apex _ p.T. 

Apolacon tp. 

Apollo „ p.b. 

Appalachicola. p.T. 

Appanoose p.tp. 

Apiilebach8ville....p.h. 

Apple  Creek tp. 

Apple  Creek p.T. 

Apple  Biver tp. 

Apple  River. p.T. 

Apple  River p.tp. 

Appleton tp. 

Appleton tp. 

Appleton p.b. 

Appleton p.r. 

Appleton tp. 

Appleton p.b. 

Appleton c. 

Appleton  City p.T. 

Apponaug v. 

Aqua  Sarca b. 

Aquebogue t. 

Aqnilla p.h. 

Arabia .p.h. 

Arago p.T. 

Arapahoe p.b. 

Ararat tp. 

Arbacoocbee p.b. 

Arbela.. tp. 

Arbela p.T. 

Arboarville b. 

Arbuckle p.b. 

Arcada tp. 

Arcade t. 

Arcade tp. 

Arcade «p.T. 

Arcadia p.h. 

Arcadia p.T. 

Arcadia. tp. 

Arcadia p.v. 

Arcadia. tp. 

Arcadia. tp. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia p.T. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia. p.T. 

Arcadia p.T. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia p.T. 


Coanty. 


Oneida 

Lebanon 

Cass 

Anoka 

Anoka 

Somerset 

Chippewa. 

New  Haven 

Anson 

Clear&eld  ^ 

Mono _ 

Harper... 

Harper 

Polk 

Lycoming 

Montonr 

Kent 

Contra  Costa.... 

Oglethorpe 

Lake 

Lake... 

Huntington 

Jay 

Wexford , 

Wilkes „... 

Darlington 

Meigs 

Blair 

Shiawassee 

Watonwan 

Hillsborough... 

Wyandot , 

Franklin 

Van  Buren 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Paulding , 

Tioga 

Wake 

Susquehanna.. .< 

Armstrong 

Franklin.. , 

Franklin^ , 

Bucks 

Cape  Girardeau, 

Wayne 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess. 

Polk 

Knox 

Swift „..., 

Swift ~ 

Cape  Qirardeau 

St.  Clair , 

Licking 

Outagamie 

St  Clair 

Kent -..., 

San  Miguel ..... 

Suffolk 

Hill 

Lawrence 

Richardson..... 

Furnas 

Susquehanna.- 

Cleburne 

Tuscola 

Scotland 

Chaffee 

Colusa 

Gratiot 

Polk 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Morgan 

Hamilton 

Carroll -... 

Carroll 

Lapeer 

Manistee 

Iron 

Iron 

Wayne 

Davidson- 

Hancock 

Washington 

Trempealeau... 
Trempealeau... 


Stete. 


N.  T 

Pa- 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Me 

Wis 

Conn.... 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Cal 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  0 

S.  0 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  T 

Ohio 

N.  T 

N.O 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Fla 

Kan 

Pa 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis....- 

Me 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mo 

R.I 

N.  Mex. 

N.  T 

Tex 

Ohio 

Neb 

Neb 

Pa 

Ala 

Micb.... 

Mo 

Col 

Cal 

Mich.... 

Neb. 

N.  T 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Ohio-... 

B.  I 

Wis 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


2,716 


1,498 


1,746 

455 

2,749 

1,843 


162 


543 
959 


1,595 
"*44"9 


704 

669 

280 

1,893 

992 

263 

904 

1,061 

3,762 

2,690 

3,310 

773 

717 


628 

764 

1,129 


2,626 
*i',108 


1,485 


4,518 


364 

"m 

'STO 


1,202 


1,742 
573 


418 

175 

3,068 


6,271 
720 
288 


1,661 


2,664 

1,431 

66 

261 

2,706 

1,655 
723 

3,865 

2,364 
99 
288 

1,022 
.345 
147 
692 

1,042 
628 
626 
107 

1,472 
134 
464 
34 
114 
676 

1,164 
141 

2,281 

1,190 
430 

1,172 

1,928 

4,284 

1,958 

3,414 
731 

1,276 
223 
228 
639 

1,156 

1,336 

1,061 
96 

2,924 
385 

1,035 
626 
412 

1,348 
232 
400 
100 

1,983 
60 

8,006 

1,034 

772 

128 

323 

42 

46 

154 

470 

639 

60 

1,283 
144 
169 
187 

1,611 
93 

2,000 

762 

65 

433 

1,111 
426 

1,043 
3.36 

3,432 
259 

5,702 
857 
396 
102 

3,167 
665 


VUm. 


Arcanum p.v. 

Areata p.T. 

Archbald p.b. 

Arch  bold p.T. 

Archer -p.T. 

Archer -tp. 

Areola tp. 

Areola p.T. 

Areola. p.h. 

Areola .h. 

Areola -pJi. 

Arctander tp. 

Arctic T. 

Ardmore -p.T. 

Arena tp. 

Arena tp. 

Arena ....tp. 

Arena p.T. 

Arenac  * tp. 

Arendabl tp. 

Arendtsville p.b. 

Arenzville -p.v. 

Argenta p.T. 

Argentine p.T. 

Argentine tp. 

Argos p.T. 

Argusville- p.T. 

Argyle -p.v. 

Argyle tp. 

Argyle* p.tp. 

Argyle tp. 

Argyle p.T. 

Argyle* tp. 

Argyle p.v. 

Arietta p.tp. 

Arion p.tp. 

Arispe tp. 

Arizona p.v. 

Arkadelpbia p.T. 

Arkadelpbia p.v. 

Arkansas' tp. 

Arkansas  City p.T, 

Arkansas  City p.T. 

Arkansas  Post p.T. 

Arkansaw p.h. 

Arkdale p.T. 

Arkoe - p.h. 

Arkwright. -tp. 

Arkwrigbt t. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington  * tp. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington p.T. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arling^n p.T. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington ^. 

Arling:ton p.b. 

Arlington  Heights..p.T. 

Armada tp. 

Armada. p.T. 

Armagh p.T. 

Armagh tp. 

Armenia tp. 

Armenia. -p.tp. 

Armington .p.b. 

Armonk p.v. 

Armstrong -p.T. 

Armstrong -tp. 

Armstrong. p.T. 

A  rmstrong .pub. 

Armstrong  » tp. 

Armstrong  10 tp. 

Armstrong's  QroTe.p.tp. 

Arnaudville -p.T. 

ArnettsTille p.b. 

Arneytown t. 

Ambeim p.v. 

AmoldsTille p.b. 


County. 


Darke 

Humboldt 

Lackawanna 

Fulton 

Alachua 

Harrison 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Tan^pahoa. 

Wasuington 

Dade 

Kandiyohi 

Kent 

Montgomery 

Mendocino 

Lac  Qui  Parle-... 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Bay 

Fillmore 

Adams 

Case 

Macon 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Marshall 

Schoharie 

Winnebago 

Penobscot 

Sanilac - 

Washington 

Washington 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Hamilton  - 

Cloud 

Bureau 

Claiborne  - 

Blount - 

Clarke. 

Arkansas. 

Desha 

Cowley 

Arkansas.- 

Pepin 

Adams 

Nodaway- 

Chautauqua 

Providence     and 

Kent.- 

Calhoun , 

Bureau 

Rush 

Woodbury < 

Reno 

Ballard 

Middlesex 

Van  Buren 

Sibley 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Hudson -....., 

Hancock 

Tarrant 

Bennington. 

Columbia 

Columbia- 

Cook 

Macomb 

Macomb. 

Indiana 

Mifflin 

Bradford 

Juneau 

Tazewell 

Westchester 

Vermilion 

Vanderburg 

Wyandotte........ 

Howard 

Indiana - 

Lycoming 

Emmett - 

St.  Landry 

MonongaUa- 

Burlington. 

Browti 

Buchanan • 


Stete. 


Ohio.... 

Cal 

Pa 

Ohio-... 

Fla 

Ohio-... 

Ill 

lU 

La. 

Minn... 

Mo 

Minn... 

R.  I 

Pa. 

Cal 

Minn... 
Wis.-... 

Wis 

Mich.,.. 
Minn... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.,.. 
Mich.... 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ill- 

Me. 

Mich.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

N.  Y.... 

Kan 

Ill 

La. 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark.„, 
Ark.-, 
Kan- 
Ark.-, 
Wis.-. 
Wis™, 
Mo... 
N.  Y. 


R.  I 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky..„.- 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Tex 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Wis 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan-... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

La- 

W.Va- 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Mo 


Popolatloo. 


1870.      1880. 


460 


2,671 
373 


726 
2,332 


1.406 
2^131 


459 
853 


1,061 


307 
161 

2,860 
361 

1,634 


139 


948 
683 


1,030 


218 


3,261 

1,360 

762 

1,100 


1,636 
822 


1,721 
494 
177 

1,873 
391 
264 


1,290 


1,435 

1,424 

45 


117 


778 
702 

3,049 
636 
126 
786 

2,926 

1,615 

94 

24 

87 

614 

846 

619 

1,689 
94 

1,796 
266 
678 

1,002 

248 

379 

74 

112 

1,178 
622 
111 
41 
285 
341 

2,775 
316 

1,225 
322 
294 
676 

1,160 
136 
195 

1,606 
667 
503 

1,012 

37 

212 

36 

33 

1,076 

228 

250 

447 

360 

142 

66 

337 

4,100 

1,661 

916 

802 

66 

777 

136 

163 

1,632 

1,022 

66 

996 

1,793 

666 

123 

8,067 

410 

296 

129 

265 

8u 

1,364 

718 

76 

1,340 

1,431 

242 

149 

64 

64 

98 

40 


'  In    1878,  from  Anoka  town-      *  In  1878,  name  changed  from 

ship.  Lunney. 

<  lu  1876,  part  to  Flambeau.  *  Since  1870,  territory  much  re- 

duced. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  Evergreen. 

*  Since  1870,  part  to  Blanchard. 
'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

>  In  1872,  part  to  Miller. 


•  In  1870,  Inclndlng  Sheloote 

boroQgb. 
to  In  1878,  part  to  Duboistown. 

245 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Arnot p.T. 

Aroma.- tp. 

Axrington tp. 

Arrow  Rock  i -tp. 

Arrow  Bock p.  v. 

ArrowBic....- p.tp. 

Arrowgmith tp. 

Arrowemith p.T. 

Arroyo  Grande' tp. 

Artesia tp. 

Artesia p.T. 

Arthur p.T. 

Arthur p.b. 

Artichoke tp. 

Arvon tp. 

Arronia'. tp. 

Arronia. p.T. 

Asbury. p.T. 

Asbury  Park.. p.T. 

Ash ....tp. 

ABh*- tp. 

Ashaway p.T. 

Ashborough p.T. 

Ashborough  *  » tp. 

Ashborough p.T. 

Ashbourne p.T. 

Ashbumham tp. 

Ashby.- p.tp. 

Asherrille*- tp. 

AsheTille tp. 

AsheTille- .....p.T. 

Ashfleld tp. 

Ashford. tp. 

Ashford; tp. 

Ashford. tp. 

Ash  GroTe p.tp. 

Ash  GroTe tp. 

Ash  GroTe p.T. 

Ash  HUl tp. 

Ash  HiU p.T. 

Ashippun- p.tp. 

Ashkum tp. 

Ashkum p.T. 

Ash  Lake tp. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland p.T. 

Asliland tp. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland  T tp. 

Ashland p.h. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland „ tp. 

Ashland tp. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland tp. 

Ashland > p.T. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland tp. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland tp. 

Ashland tp. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland tp. 

Ashland p.b. 

Ashland p.T. 

Ashland  8 tp. 

Ashland  City p.T. 

Ashley p.T. 

Ashley*. tp, 

Ashley tp. 

Ashley p.T. 

Ashley p.T. 

Ashley p.b. 

Ashley  Falls p.T. 

Ashmore tp. 

Ashmore p.T. 

Ash  Kock tp. 

Ashtabula tp. 

Ashtabula p.T. 

Ash  ton tp. 

Asbton p.T. 

Ashton tp. 

Asbton p.v. 


County. 


Tioga- 

Kankakee 

Wayne 

Saline 

Saline 

Sagadahoc 

McLean 

McLean 

San  Lula  Obispo. 

Iroquois 

Lowndes 

Moultrie 

Pike ~. 

Big  Stone— 

Baraga 


Warren 

Monmouth..., 

Monroe 

Barry 

Washington-. 

Clay 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Montgomery , 

Worcester 

Middlesex 

Mitchell 

Buncombe..... 
Buncombe..... 

Franklin , 

Windham 

Cattaraugus... 
Fond  du  Lac. 

Iroquois 

Shelby 

Greene 

Butler. 

Butler 

Dodge 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Lincoln 

Clay 

Cass 

Biley 

Boyd 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Baltimore 

Middlesex.... 

Kewaygo 

Newaygo 

Dodge 

Benton 

Boone 

Saunders.-... 

Grafton 

Grafton- 

Chemung-... 

Greene 

Greene 

Ashland 

Jackson 

Clarion 

Schuylkill.... 

HanoTer 

Ashland 

Cheatham 

Washington.. 

Stearns 

Pike 

Pike 

Delaware.-,., 

Luzerne 

Berkshire 

Coles 

Coles 

Books 

Ashtabula..... 

Ashtabula 

Lee 

Lee 

Monona 

Osceola 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Pa-.. 

ni„., 

111-.. 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Me... 
111-.. 
lU-.. 
Cal... 
Ill— 
Miss. 
111-.. 

Ind 

Minn  .- 
Mich,... 
Kan  -,.. 

Kan 

N,  J 

N.J 

Mich.,- 

Mo 

B.  I 

Ind 

N.O 

N.O. 

Pa. , 

Mass.-. 
Mass.-. 
Kan  -... 

N.O 

N.  0.— 
Mass,.,. 
Conn.,,. 
N.T-„ 

Wis 

Ill 

HI 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .. 

Ala 

Ill 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass... 
Mich,,, 
Mich... 
Minn  „ 
Miss  — 

Mo 

Neb 

N,  H..- 
N.H..- 
N.  T-.. 
N.  T„„ 
N,T„„ 
Ohio.... 
Oregon.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Wis,- 
Tenn. 

Ill 

Minn 
Mo.,.. 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Mass. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 
Mich 


1,100 
1,640 
3,174 


262 
927 


776 
1,269 


688 


1,461 


1,172 
182 


2,172 
994 
144 


1,400 
1,180 
1,241 
1,801 
1,799 
1,146 
1,499 


491 


1,623 
1,316 


118 
203 


1,469 
446 


2,186 
770 


611 


653 
885 


1,668 
992 


2,601 


758 

6,714 

491 


121 
1,030 


1,222 
368 
464 


2,088 


3,394 
1,999 
1,007 


106 


2,783 
1,200 
1,583 
2,445 

304 

255 

1,256 

240 

998 

1,630 

160 

241 

87 

161 

100 

867 

107 

98 

1,640 

2,252 

373 

638 

126 

708 

299 

342 

1,666 

914 

693 

6,668 

2,616 

1,066 

1,041 

1,813 

2,038 

1,612 

1,574 

600 

597 

63 

1,369 

1,847 

246 

165 

387 

609 

256 

3,280 

605 

86 

446 

2,394 

1,346 

190 

589 

174 

371 

978 

960 

733 

1,149 

899 

268 

3,004 

842 

1,054 

6,052 

764 

951 

170 

950 

247 

1,425 

407 

483 

2,799 

194 

2,245 

403 

485 

6,522 

4,445 

1,008 

646 

276 

91 


Place. 


County, 


Asbton p,T, 

Ashuelot p,T. 

AshTille T. 

Ashville.,,, t. 

Ashwaubenon  W....tp. 

Aspen  Hill.- p.b. 

Assumption tp. 

Assumption p.T. 

Assaria p.T, 

Assawaman b. 

Assyria- tp. 

Aston tp. 

Astoria. tp. 

Astoria. p.T. 

Astoria- p.T, 

Asylum tp. 

Atalissa. p.T. 

Atchison.- c 

Atchison  " tp. 

Atchison  " tp, 

Atglen.  - p.b. 

Athalia- p.h. 

Athelstane  " p.tp. 

Athens.- p.T, 

Athens.- c 

Athens p.T, 

Athens  '>■* tp. 

Athens- p.tp. 

Athens- tp. 

Athens  - p.b. 

Athens- tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens  U. tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens  - tp. 

Athens  _ tp. 

Athens-..  p.T. 

Athens tp. 

Athens- p.T. 

Athens tp. 

Athens  - tp. 

Athens p.b. 

Athens tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens  - p.T, 

Athens p.tp. 

AthensTille p.T. 

Atherton  - tp. 

Athol tp. 

Athol  Centre p.T. 

Atkins.- p.T. 

Atkinson- tp. 

Atkinson- p.T. 

Atkinson p.tp. 

Atkinson p.tp. 

Atlanta p.T. 

Atlanta c. 

Atlanta tp. 

Atlanta p.T, 

Atlanta tp, 

Atlanta tp. 

Atlanta p.T. 

Atlanta p.T. 

Atlantic tp. 

Atlantic p.T. 

Atlantic p.T. 

Atlantic tp. 

Atlantic p.h, 

Atlantic  City c. 

Atlantic  City p.T. 

AtlanticTille p.T. 

Atlas tp. 

Atlas. p.tp. 

Atlas p.T. 

Atsion p.T. 

Attalla p.  T. 

AttapulguB p.T. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica tp. 

Attica tp. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica h. 

Attica tp. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica p.T. 


ProTidence 

Cheshire 

Clay 

Chautauqua-.., 

Brown 

Giles 

Christian- 

Christian ,- 

Saline 

Accomack 

Barry 

Delaware....... 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Clatsop 

Bradford 

Muscatine 

Atchison 

Clinton 

Nodaway- 

Chester 

Lawrence- 

Clay 

Limestone 

Clarke 

Menard 

Ringgold 

Jewell 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Calhonn 

Calhoun 

Isanti 

Clarke 

Gentry 

Greene 

Greene 

Athens.- 

Athens 

Harrison , 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford , 

McMinn 

Henderson..... 
Windham...... 

Greene , 

Wilkin 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Pope 

Henry 

Henry 

Piscataquis.... 
Rockingham  . 

Columbia 

Fulton 

Logan 

Logan 

Bice 

Becker 

Macon 

Cass. 

Cass 

Norfoik!!!!!.".*.' 
Monmouth.... 

Accomack 

Atlantic 

Sweetwater.-. 

Suffolk 

Pike 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Burlington.... 

Etowah 

Decatur 

Fountain 

Marion , 

Sedgwick 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Camden 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Seneca 


State. 


B.I- 

N.H. 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Va 

Mich..,, 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Oregon , 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio- 
Kan  

Ala 

Ga 

HI 

Iowa.... 
Kan  -.> 

Me, 

Me 

Mich..,, 
Mich..., 
Minn  „ 

Mo 

Mo 

N,  T-„ 
N.  Y..., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio— 
Ohio..- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn... 

Tex. 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn .. 


Population, 


1870.      1880, 


1,246 
690 


Mass. 
Ark„. 

111 

lU 

Me.... 
N.H- 
Ark-. 

Ga 

Ill 

lU 

Kan.. 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Tex... 

Iowa, 

Iowa. 

Mass, 

N.  J-. 

Va..... 

N.  J... 

Wvom  - 

N.Y- 

III 

Mich. 
Mich. 
N.  J-. 
Ala,,. 
Ga...., 
Ind.., 
Iowa. 
Kan... 
Mich, 
Mich. 
N.  J.- 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio  - 


1,176 
1,845 
2,118 


639 
1,166 


7,064 


1,219 


887 

4,251 

361 

602 


1,640 


1,294 


2,211 
2,942 
1,793 
3,277 
1,696 
1,232 
2,256 

966 
1,317 

974 


296 


3,617 


1,132 


810 

488! 


21,789 
2,339 


1,200 


1,713 


1,043 

825 

179 

1,584 

1,501 


267 
2,273 


1,620 


2,546 

1,333 

370 


637 
49 
144 

214 

404 

199 

1,768 

706 

66 

44 

1,244 

2401 

2,662 

1,280 

2,803 

1,247 

241 

16,106 

1,407 

1,389 

347 

261 

460 

1,011 

6,099 

410 

884 

746 

1,310 

242 

1,646 

697 

46 

222 

3,046 

3,066 

2,106 

4,617 

2,457 

1,221 

2,402 

1,692 

1,419 

1,100 

368 

284 

14b 

95 

4,307 

1,372 

619 

1,423 

504 

828 

602 

13< 

37,409 

1,932 

1,368 

1,335 

241 

166 

396 

4,644 

3,662 

1,286 

1,743 

28 

5,477 

82 

267 

2,043 

1,346 

120 

94 

361 

266 

2,150 

166 

652 

1,910 

449 

183 

3,009 

1,936 

663 


>  Since  1870,  part  to  Salt  Fork.  »  In  1875,  part  to  Cedar  GroTe.  «  In  1870,  from  part  of  Sauk  "  In  1871,  part  to  Nodaway. 

*  In  1875,  part  to  Oso  Flaco.  •  Since  1870,  parts  to  Logan  and  Centre.  "  In  1877,  from  part  of  Repub 

•  Since  1870,  parte  to  Barclay  and  Lulu.  win  1872,  from  part   of  Fort  lican. 

OliTct.  1 1n  1876,  name  changed  from  Howard  City.  "  In  1871,  part  to  Riley. 

♦  In  1870,  from  part  of  Sugar  Dalton.  "  In  1871,  from  parts  of  Hardin  i*  In  1880,  from  part  of  Isanti 

Creek.  8  Inl879,frompartofLaPointe  and  Lafayette. 


246 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Place. 


Coanty. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Attleborongh tp. 

Atwater p.T. 

Atwater tp. 

Atwater p.y. 

Atwell ip. 

Atwood p.T. 

Atwood p.v. 

Atwood p.b. 

Aubbenaubbee tp. 

Aubrey tp. 

Aubrey >. p.v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn ▼. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn tp. 

Aubnrn t. 

Auburn tp. 

.\uburn p.v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn c. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn .h. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.h. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn  ^ c. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.b. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.h. 

Auburn v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn  3 tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Aubumdale P.tp. 

Audubon tp. 

Audubon  * tp. 

Audubon p.v. 

Audubon .....p.v. 

Auglaize tp. 

Auglaize  * tp. 

Auglaize tp. 

Auglaize tp. 

An  Ores* tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta c. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta* tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta c. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Aullville p.v. 

Aurdale tp. 

Aurelia p.v. 

Aurelius tp. 

Aurelius p.tp. 

Aurelius tp. 

Aurora tp. 

Aurora. « c. 

Aurora p.v. 

Aurora  if tp. 

Aurora p.tp. 

Aurora tp. 

Aurora  8 p.tp, 


Bristol 

Kandiyohi 

Portage 

Portage 

Bowan 

Douglas 

Kosciusko 

Armstrong 

Fnlton 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Lee M«... 

Lincoln 

Placer. 

New  Castle 

Clark , 

Sangamon , 

Sangamon 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Logan 

Androscoggin.. 

Worcester 

Oakland 

Lincoln 

Rockingham ... 
Bockingham ... 

Salem 

Cayuga. 

Crawfoi-d , 

Geauga 

Tuscarawas 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna... 

Cannon 

Montgomery.... 

Bitchie 

Chippewa 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Wood , 

Montgomery ... 

Audubon , 

Audubon 

Becker 

Camden 

Laclede 

Allen 

Paulding 

Bay 

Woodruff. 

Bichmond 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Pike 

Des  Moines 

Des  Moines 

Butler. , 

Butler 

Bracken 

Kennebec 

Washtenaw 

Lac  Qui  Parle . 

Peny 

St  Charles 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Houston 

Eau  Claire 

Lafayette 

Otter  Tail 

Cherokee 

Ingham 

Cayuga 

Washington.... 

Kane 

Kane 

Dearborn.^ 

Cloud 

Hancock 

Steele 

Lawrence 


Mass.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Ala 

Ark 

Cal 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  H..... 

N.  H 

N.  J.... 
N.  Y..... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio...., 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Va. 

W.  Va.. 

Wl8.„.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill , 

Iowa... 
Iowa ... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo...... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Ark... 

6a-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Ky.... 

Me.... 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Miss.. 

Mo.... 

N.  Y.. 

N.  Y., 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Tex ... 

Wis... 

Mo.... 

Minn... 

Iowa.. 

Mich. 

K.  Y., 

Ohio.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind  ... 
Kan... 
Me.... 
Minn 
Mo.... 


6,769 


1,180 
2^051 


745 
1,125 


1,018 

"soo 


602 
1,303 


677 
1,069 


662 


610 
6,169 
1,178 


17,226 

910 

783 

1,261 

611 

2,006 


1,626 


1,260 
381 


1,330 


1,696 
788 
265 


16,389 
1,992 


684 


960 
7,808 
1,470 


80 


2,067 

147 

1,015 


86 


1,606 

1,952 

799 

13,196 

11,162 

3,304 


212 
422 


11,111 

302 

1,147 

220 

2,641 

212 

111 

149 

871 

1,216 

88 

1,161 

1,704 

1,229 

118 

60S 

2,080 

788 

1,542 

1,204 

167 

844 

100 

682 

9,555 

1,317 

111 

66 

719 

92 

208 

21,924 

1,176 

786 

1,400 

740 

2,089 

107 

161 

109 

1,232 

1,651 

809 

1,413 

732 

792 

91 

1,776 

1,001 

1,749 

1,069 

316 

702 

21,891 

1,893 

1,016 

142 

564 

162 

1,588 

922 

1,282 

8,665 

1,640 

83 

62 

318 

2,171 

130 

1,126 

206 

119 

1,116 

280 

464 

225 

1,478 

1,954 

999 

13,950 

11,873 

4,435 

647 

212 

600 

1,181 


Aurora— p.v. 

Aurora p.v, 

Aurora- tp. 

Aurora. p.v. 

Aurora tp. 

Aurora p.v. 

Aurora p.v. 

Aurora tp. 

Auroraville p.v. 

Au  Sable -tp. 

Au  Sable  » tp. 

Au  Sable -p.v, 

Au  Sable tp. 

Au  Sable  Fork8-...p.v, 

Austerlitz tp. 

Austin -p.v. 

Austin -......-tp. 

Austin -p.v. 

Austin -tp. 

Austin -tp. 

Austin » -tp. 

Austin -c. 

Austin p.v, 

Austin - -tp. 

Austin p.v. 

Austin „ .p.v. 

Austin .tp. 

Austin c. 

Austiuburg tp. 

Austinburg p.v. 

Austintown tp. 

Auters  Creek tp. 

Auxvasse tp. 

Ava p.v. 

Ava p.v. 

Ava tp. 

Avalanche .p.h. 

Avalon p.v. 

Avena tp. 

Arena p.v. 

Avenue v. 

Averlll tp. 

Avery tp. 

Avery  10 tp. 

Avery p.v. 

Averysborough tp. 

Averysborough p.v, 

Avery's  Greek. 

Avilla 

Avilla 

Avinger 

Aviston 

Avoca 

Avoca 


p.tp. 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 
.p.h. 
.p.v. 
,.tp. 

p.v. 


Avoca p.h. 

Avoca tp. 

Avoca p.v. 

Avoca p.v. 

Avon - tp. 

Avon p.v. 

Avon -tp. 

Avon  11 ...p.tp. 

Avon tp.. 

Avon tp. 

Avon tp. 

Avon -tp. 

Avon -tp. 

Avon .p.T. 

Avon -tp. 

Avon p.v. 

Avon tp. 

Avondale- p.h. 

Avondale- v. 

Avondale p.v. 

ATondale v, 

Axtell pJi. 

AyerU - tp. 

Aylett's p.v. 

Ayr p.v. 

Ayr tp. 

Azalia p.h. 

Aztalan tp. 

Azusa p.tp. 

Babylon  i» tp. 

Babylon p.v. 

Bachman p.h. 


Esmeralda 

Cayuga_ 

Erie 

Beaufort 

Portage 

Portage 

Preston - 

Waushara. 

Waushara- 

Grundy 

Iosco - 

Iosco - 

Clinton - 

Essex - 

Columbia.- 

Cook 

Macon 

Scott 

Mecosta. 

Sanilac  - 

Mower 

Mower 

Tunica 

Cass 

Cass 

Lander 

Greenville 

Travis 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Mahoning 

Edgecombe 

Callaway 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Oneida 

Vernon 

Livingston 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Alleghany 

Essex 

Hancock 

Humboldt 

Monroe 

Harnett - 

Harnett 

Buncombe 

Noble 

Jasper 

Cass 

Clinton 

Livingston 

Pottawattamie  ... 

Murray 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Iowa 

Hartford 

Fulton 

Lake 

Coffey 

Sumner- 

Franklin 

Oakland 

Steams 

Livingston 

LiTingston 

Lorain 

Lebanon  

Bock - 

Coshocton. 

Hamilton- -., 

Chester- 

Luzerne 

Marshall 

Middlesex 

King  William-... 

Adams 

Fulton 

Bartholomew 

Jefferson 

Los  Angeles 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Montgomery 


NeT 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio-,.. 
W.Va.- 

Wis 

Wis 

111-. 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.Y 

N,  Y 

N.Y-... 

Ill 

HI- 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Miss..... 

Mo 

Mo 

NeT-  ,,. 
8.  C..-,.. 

Tex 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  C 

Mo 

Ill 

Mo 

N.Y 

Wis 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Vt 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..- 
Iowa.... 

N.C 

N.C 

N.C 

Ind 

Mo 

Tex 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Wis. 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Kan 

Mass .... 

Va 

Neb 

Pa 

Ind 

Wis 

Cal 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.  .. 
Ohio 


460 
2,673 


642 


967 


927 
842 


2,863 


1,442 


713 
321 
346 
349 
592 
2,039 


1,366 


1,324 
1,612 
4,428 
1,111 


1,948 

661 

2,050 


1,160 


1,182 


14 


716 


666 
138 


825 


1,740 
492 
418 
987 
672 

1,006 
906 


610 
1,850 

211 
3,038 

900 
1.924 


886 


1.247 

91 

1,261 

320 


1,226 


444 

2,72S 

81 

660 

222 

162 

1,081 
146 

1,019 

1,350 

1,328 

2,980 
532 

1,341 

1,369 
944 
270 
687 
691 
657 

2,306 
252 

1,414 
214 

1,679 

2,294 
10,960 

1,208 
318 

2,602 
828 

2,098 
365 
134 

1,030 

80 

256 

1,449 
91 
415 
48 
378 
236 
193 

1,244 
38 
787 
446 
180 
63 
367 
871 

1,600 
136 

1,843 
647 
362 

1,067 
689 

1,016 
488 
324 
671 

2,276 
468 

3,460 

1,617 

2,067 
136 
816 
83 

2,563 
320 
340 
265 

1,881 

7a 

128 
1,300 

109 
1,332 

704 
4,730 
2,14a 

ITS 


•  In  1871,  part  of  Sennet  an- 
nexed. 

«  In  1873,  from  part  of  Bloomer. 

'  Siuce  1870,  parts  to  Greeley, 
Leroy,  Melville,  and  Viola. 


*  In  1870,  from  part  of  Hooker. 
»  In  1879,  part  to  Whitney. 

•  Since  1870,  parts  to  Blooming- 

ton,  Bruno,  and  Pleasant. 
T  Since  1870,  from  parts  of  Shir- 
ley and  Solomon. 


>  In  1879,  from  parts  ot  Buck 
Prairie  and  Spring  RiTer. 

»  In  1877,  name  changed  from 
Sable.  In  1878,  part  to  Wil- 
ber. 

10  In  1873,  from  part  of  Rutland. 


11  Since  1870,  parts  to  Hninpden. 
Spring  Creek,  and  Star. 

1*  In  1871.  from  parts  of  Oroton 
and  Shirley. 

IS  In  1872,  from  part  of  Hun- 
tington. 

•247 


POPULATION   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


BachinanTille p.b. 

Back  Cre«k tp. 

Back  Swamp tp. 

Back  Swamp tp. 

Bacon v. 

Bacon tp. 

Baconville b. 

Bad  Axe p.T. 

Baden v. 

Baden h. 

Baden p.v. 

Badger tp. 

Badger tp. 

Bailey p.v. 

Bailey tp. 

Bailey's  X  Boads...p.h. 

Bailey's  Harbor p.tp. 

Bailey's  Island isl. 

Baileyyille p.v. 

Bailey  ville p.tp. 

Bainbrifige p.v. 

Bainbridge^ tp. 

Bainbridge tp. 

Baiubridge p.v. 

Bainbridge p.tp. 

Bainbridge p.b. 

Bainbridge tp. 

Bainbridge.., p.v. 

Bainbridge tp. 

Baiubridge p.v. 

Baiubridge p.v. 

Bairdstown p.v. 

Baiting  Hollow p.v. 

Baker tp. 

Baker tp. 

Baker ^. 

Baker tp. 

Baker tp. 

Baker tp. 

BakerS tp. 

Baker  City p.v. 

Baker's  Corner p.b. 

Bakersfield p.v. 

Bakersfield tp. 

Bakersfield... p.b. 

Bakorstuwn. p.v. 

Bakersville p.v. 

Bakersville* tp. 

Bakersville p.v. 

Bakersville p.v. 

Bakerton h. 

Bakerville p.v. 

Bala tp. 

Bala p.v. 

Bald  Eagle tp. 

Bald  Hill tp. 

Bald  Knob tp. 

Bald  Knob p.v. 

Bald  Mountain tp. 

Baldwin p.v. 

Baldwin p.v. 

Baldwin p.v. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin v. 

Baldwin p.v. 

Baldwin^. tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin p.v. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin p.v. 

Baldwin  City p.v. 

Baldwinsville  _ p.v. 

Baldwyn p.v. 

Balktown b. 

Ball tp. 

Ball tp. 

Ballardsville p.b. 

Ballard  Vale p.v. 

Ballena p.tp 

Ballietsville p.b. 

Ballston p.tp 

Ballston  Spa. v. 

Ballville tp. 

Ballwin p.v. 

Balsam  Lake' p.tp. 

Baltimore ..hnd. 


Daupbin 

Bandolpb 

Robeson 

Darlington... 

Mabaska 

Vernon 

Bourbon 

Huron 

Clinton 

Keokuk 

Beaver 

Webster 

Vernon 

Muskegon.... 

Nash 

Fairfax 

Door 

Cumberland., 

Ogle 

Washington., 

Decatur 

Schuyler 

Dubois 

Putnam 

Berrien 

Clinton 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Geauga 


Lancaster 

Oglethorpe..., 

Suffolk 

Martin 

Morgan 

Guthrie 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Crawford. «... 

Linn 

Baker 

Hamilton 

Kern 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Alleghany.... 

Litchfield 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Coshocton.... 
Cumberland , 
Humphreys., 

Riley 

Riley 

Clinton 

Jefferson 

White 

White 

Watauga 

Duval 

Randolph 

Jackson 

Cumberland.. 
Delta 

Iosco 

.Tackson 

Lake 

Sherburne.... 

Chemung 

Queens , 

Chatham 

.\lleghany..., 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Douglas 

Onondaga 

Lee 

Beaver 

Sangamon.... 

Crawford 

Oldham 

Essex 

San  Diego 

Lehigh., 


Saratoga,. 
Sandusky.. 
St.  Louis.. 

Polk , 

Sussex  .... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa. 

N.O.. 
N.  0... 
S.  0... 
Iowa. 
Mo.... 
Ky.... 
Mich. 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Mo.... 
Mich. 
N.  C. 
Va... 

Wis 

Me 

Ill 

Me 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Ga 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa .... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Oregon. 

Ind 

Cal 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Conn.... 
N.  C. 
N.  C. 
Ohio.. 
Ky.... 
Tenn, 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ark... 
Ark.. 
N.  C. 
Fla ... 

Ill 

Iowa, 
Me.... 
Mich, 
Mich, 
Mich, 
Mich, 
Minn 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  C. 

Pa 

Wis.., 
Wis... 
Kan.. 

N.y.. 

Miss.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich. 
Ky..., 
Mass. 
Cal..., 

Pa 

N.Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio.. 
Mo... 
Wis... 
Del... 


1,212 

800 

1,418 


813 


431 


297 


377 
1,351 
1,200 
2,521 


1,337 


1,793 
681 
660 
647 
762 


1,018 
466 


962 

1,269 

312 


1,403 


1,101 


950 
676 


320 


1,101 


234 
969 


3,104 


2,130 
133 


986 


2,180 
2,970 
1,731 


192 


63 

1,188 

1,420 

1,687 

727 

1,517 

60 

190 

187 

36 

400 

629 

675 

196 

1,124 

89 

649 

136 

208 

376 

1,436 

1,205 

2,039 

420 

1,378 

39 

1,924 

781 

683 

825 

669 

232 

340 

1,092 

456 

459 

202 

67 

2,612 

1,175 

1,258 

43 

801 

1,248 

295 

142 

107 

2,469 

476 

263 

23 

88 

681 

61 

939 

874 

656 

221 

310 

240 

271 

322 

1,123 

295 

1,248 

200 

165 

266 

968 

1,019 

1,963 

4,373 

1,228 

691 

325 

2,121 

477 

45 

1,045 

66 

55 

437 

611 

54 

2,035 

3,011 

1,652 

159 

357 

4,132 


Place. 


County. 


Baltimore tp. 

Baltimore c. 

Baltimore tp. 

Baltimore p.v. 

Baltimore tp. 

Bamberg... tp. 

Bamberg... p.v. 

Bancroft tp. 

Bancroft p.v. 

Bancroft.- tp. 

Bancroft p.v. 

Bancroft's  Banks. ..v. 

BandoD tp. 

Bandy's tp. 

Bangall p.v. 

Bangor tp. 

Baugor« p.v. 

Bangor c. 

Bangor  A tp. 

Bangor« tp. 

Bangor p.v. 

Bangor tp. 

Bangor p.v. 

Bangor p.b. 

Bangor tp. 

Bangor.. p.v. 

Bangs p.v. 

Bangs M p.v. 

Banks tp. 

Banks tp. 

Banks tp. 

Banks tp. 

Bannack  City p.v. 

Banner tp. 

Banner. p.tp. 

Banner tp. 

Banner tp. 

Banner tp. 

Bannerville p.b. 

Bantam  Falls. p.v. 

Baptist  Hill v. 

Baptisttown p.v. 

Baraboo tp. 

Baraboo p.v. 

Barada. p.b. 

Baraga tp. 

Barbecue tp. 

Barber tp. 

Barbertown h. 

Barberville h. 

Barbuursville p.v. 

Barboursville p.v. 

Barcelona  City v. 

Barclay p.v. 

Barclay p.tp. 

Barclay p.b. 

Barclay tp. 

Barclay p.v, 

Bardolph p.v. 

Bardstown p.v. 

Bardstowu  Junct'n.p.b. 

Barelas v. 

Baresville p.v. 

Bare  ville p.v. 

Bargersville p.b. 

Bar  Harbor p.v. 

Baring tp. 

Barker tp. 

Barker's  Creek tp. 

Barkersville p.b. 

Barkey  ville p.b. 

Barkhamsted p.tp. 

Berkley tp. 

Bark  River v. 

Barkville p.v. 

Barlow tp. 

Bar  Mills p.b 

Barnard p.tp. 

Barnard p.v. 

Barnard tp. 

Barnard p.b. 

Barnegat p.v, 

Barnes tp. 

Barnes p.b. 

Barnes's  Comers. ..p.b. 

Bamesville p.v. 

Barnesville v. 

Barnesville p.v. 

Barnesville. p.b. 

Barnet tp. 


Henry 

Baltimore 

Barry 

Fairfield 

Windsor 

Barnwell 

Barnwell... 

Aroostook 

Shiawassee 

Freeborn 

Daviess 

New  Castle 

Renville 

Catawba 

Dutchess 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Penobscot. 

Bay 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Northampton... 

La  Crosse 

La  Crosse.- 

Knox 

Montgomery ... 

Fayette 

Antrim 

Carbon 

Indiana 

Beaver  Head.... 

Effingham 

Fulton 

Woodbui-y 

Dickinson , 

Rush 

Snyder 

Litchfield 

Ontario 

Hunterdon. 

Sauk , 

Sauk 

Richardson 

Baraga , 

Hai-uett 

Faribault 

Hunterdon 

Washington...., 

Knox , 

Cabell 

Nye 

Sangamon 

Black  Hawk..., 

Osage 

Bradford 

Bradford 

McDonougb.... 

Nelson , 

Bullitt , 

Bernalillo 

Monroe 

Lancaster , 

Johnson , 

Hancock , 

Washington.... 

Broome , 

Jackson 

Saratoga 

Venango 

Litchfield 

Jasper 

Delta 

Delta 

Washington.... 

York 

Piscataquis 

Nodaway 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Ocean 

Buena  Vista.... 
Washington.... 

Lewis 

Pike 

Reynolds 

Belmont 

Schuylkill 

Caledonia 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Iowa.., 

Md 

Mich... 
Ohio.... 

Vt 

S.  0 

s.  c... 

Me 

Micb.. 
Minn. 

Mo 

Del.... 
Minn . 
N.  C... 
N.  Y... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 

Me 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Pa..... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Ohio... 

Va 

Iowa. 
Mich.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mon... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Kan... 
Kan... 

Pa 

Conn.. 
NY... 
N.  J.... 
Wis.... 
Wis ... 
Neb ... 
Mich.. 
N.  C... 
Minn, 
N.  J... 
R.  I.... 

Ky 

W.Va 
Nev.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ky 

Kv 

N.Mex 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

N.Y 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Conn ... 

Ind 

Micb.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

Vt 

Vt 

N.J 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Ga 

Mo 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Vt 


1,114 

267,354 

1,155 

489 

83 

1,907 


177 


799 


727 


838 


18,289 
3,606 
1,525 


2,431 
1,151 


223 
604 
3,982 
747 
381 


1,104 


2,758 
1,628 


1,111 
661 


438 
371 


861 
"2,609 


369 


364 
1,396 


1,439 
832 


1,194 
'149 
1,208 


764 
'2,063 

'r,9« 


1,276 

332.313 

1,368 

489 

71 

3,479 

648 

220 

387 

959 

97 

395 

454 

1,025 

164 

757 

61 

16,856 

271 

2,672 

1,102 

2,440 

239 

1,328 

1,196 

463 

60 

234 

520 

611 

4,018 

919 

232 

667 

1,276 

64 

623 

932 

69 

93 

150 

112 

4,594 

3,266 

70 

400 

766 

649 

46 

49 

260 

361 

42 

250 

774 

609 

2,634 

1,143 

409 

1,803 


'  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 
«  In  1871,  part  to  Grantaville. 
248 


«  In   1871,  part  of  Little  Rock 
Creek  attached. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Blue  Hill. 
6  In  1876,  part  to  Apple  River. 


•  In  1880,  exclusive  of  West  Bay 
Citv. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF    1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


I 

Pi 


Place. 


County. 


Barnet p.T. 

iBarnetatown t. 

Barnett p.T. 

-Bnruett tp. 

Saruett t. 

Barnett tp. 

Burnett tp. 

Barnhlll tp. 

BarnhiU p.h. 

BaruBborough p.T. 

Barnstable tp. 

Barnstable p.T. 

Barnstead tp. 

Barnstead p.T. 

Barnum p.h. 

Barnwell tp. 

Barnwell p.T. 

Barr tp. 

Barr tp. 

Barr tp. 

BarracksTille -p.T. 

Barre p.tp, 

Barre  1 ~ tp. 

Barre tp. 

Barre p.T. 

Barrel tp. 

Barree tp. 

Barre  Forge p.h. 

Barren .tp. 

Barren  Fork p.h. 

Barren  Hill p.h. 

Barren  Island Isl. 

Barren  Plain p.T. 

Barrett tp. 

Barringer'a tp. 

Barrington ^. 

Barrington t. 

Barrington tp. 

Barrington p.tp, 

Barrington «tp. 

Barrington  Station  p.T, 
Barron* tp. 


.p.T. 
..tp. 

.p.T. 
.tp. 

.p.r. 
,.tp. 

.p.T. 
..p.T. 


Barron  .. 

Barry , 

Barry 

Barry 

Barry 

Barry 

Barry 

Barrytown.. 

Barry  town  Comers.h. 

BarryTille p.T. 

Baranees tp. 

Bart » tp. 

Bartlett p.T. 

Bartlett p.T. 

Bartlett tp. 

Biirtlett p.T. 

BartlettBTille h. 

Bartlow tp. 

Barton ~tp. 

Barton tp. 

Barton p.T. 

Barton »tp. 

Barton ..tp. 

Barton ~ tp. 

Barton .p.T. 

Barton tp. 

Barton p.T. 

Barton  City tp. 

Bartonia p.h. 

Barton  Landing....p.T. 
Barton's  Creek  *....tp. 

BartonsTille t. 

BartonsTille p.b, 

Bartow - p.T, 

Bartow p.T, 

Baacom p.T. 

Bashan „ tp. 

Bashaw p.tp. 

Basil p.T, 

Basking  Ridge p.T, 

Baskinsville T. 

BassettTille tp. 

Bass  RlTer tp. 

Baatresa ^. 

Baatrop p.T. 

Bastrop p.T. 

BataTia ....tp. 

BataTia p.T. 


Caledonia 

Huntingdon... 

Warren 

De  Witt 

Oceana 

Forest 

Jefferson 

Wayne 

Wayne , 

Gloucester 

Barnstable...., 
Barnstable .... 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Carlton 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Macoupin 

Daviess 

Cambria 

Marion 

Worcester 

Orleans 

Washington... 
Washington... 
La  Crosse-.... 
Huntingdon... 
Huntingdon... 

Franklin 

Izard 

Montgomery . 

Kings 

Bobertson 

Monroe 

Iredell 

Cook 

Lake 

Strafford 

Yates 

Bristol 

Cook 

Barron 

Barron -. 

Pike 

Pike 

Barry 

Clay 

SchuylkiU...., 
Schuylkill...., 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Sullivan 

Pope , 

Lancaster-..., 

Cook 

Fremont 

Can'oll , 

Shelby 

Lawrence , 

Henry , 

Gibson , 

Worth 

Alleghany...., 

Newaygo 

Tioga 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Washington . 
Washington . 

Barton 

Randolph 

Orleans- 

Wake 

Frederick 

Windham .... 

Polk 

Jefferson 

Seneca 

Brown 

Burnett 

Fairfield 

Somerset-.... 

Perry 

Decatur- 

Burlington... 

Lycoming 

Morehouse..., 

Bastrop 

Kane 

Kane 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Plac*. 


Vt 

Pa. 

Ga 

Ill 

Mich..., 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  J 

Mass .... 
Mass..., 
N.  H... 
N.  H..., 
Minn.., 

S.  C 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

W.  Va. 
Mass... 
N.  T„.. 

Vt 

Vt 

WlB 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ark 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Tenn ... 

Pa 

N.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  H 

N.  Y-... 
R.  I 

ni 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„  .. 
Minn... 

Pa. 

Ill- 

Iowa.... 

N.  H 

Tenn  ... 
Ind...., 
Ohio..., 
Ind...., 
Iowa. .. 
Md .... 
Mich.. 
N.  Y..., 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis.... 
Wis-.. 

Mo 

Ind.... 

Vt 

N.  0... 
Md.... 

Vt 

Fla.... 

Ga. 

Ohio-. 
Minn. 
Wis.... 
Ohio-. 
N.  J.-. 

Pa. 

Kan-. 
N.  J.-. 

Pa 

La-.... 
Tex.... 
111-.... 
Ill 


1,078 


604 

223 

2,632 


4,793 


1,643 


1,181 


2,758 


114 
2,572 
6,766 


1,392 
1,237 


1,490 


1,681 
1,606 
1,111 


638 


2,496 


1,297 
150 
060 


153 
1,432 


629 
244 


126 
1,626 


383 
5,087 
1,911 


1,376 


1,586 


107 
17 


220 


807 

251 

621 

1,199 

3,018 


241 

110 

79 

1,128 

341 

616 

296 

3,463 

86 

182 

4,242 

780 

1,296 

121 

49 

2,306 

648 

1,135 

S,129 

899 

99 

2,419 

2,326 

2,060 

1,026 

666 

1,086 

260 

746 

78 

416 

309 

117 

1,149 

1,290 

1,593 

200 

1,497 

1,478 

1,359 

410 

363 

183 

2,610 

1,392 

1,329 

45 

1,041 

82 

239 

75 

271 

282 

1,381 

175 

1H9 

1,044 

242 

97 

1,064 

1,956 

625 

1,112 

638 

6,825 

2,364 

742 

1,276 

338 

604 

30 

378 

1,539 

98 

49 

77 

248 

160 

296 

160 

287 

366 

358 

441 

1,006 

236 

822 

1,546 

3,318 

2,639 


County. 


Batavia. p.T. 

BataTia. tp. 

BataTia.. tp. 

Batavia p.T. 

Batavia tp. 

Batavia.... p.T. 

Batcbellerville p.T. 

Bates tp. 

Bates tp. 

Btttesburg p.  v. 

Batesville p.v. 

Bates  ville p.v. 

Batesville t. 

Bath p.v. 

Bath - tp. 

Bath P.T. 

Bath -tp. 

Bath tp. 

Bath c. 

Bath tp. 

Bath p.T. 

Bath tp. 

Bath tp. 

Bath -p.b. 

Bath T. 

Bath- tp. 

Bath -p.T. 

Bath tp. 

Bath - p.T, 

Bath .tp. 

Bath -tp. 

Bath -p.tp. 

Bath -p.h 

Baton  Pilon h. 

Baton  Rouge .c. 

Baton  Rouge p.tp. 

Battenville p.v. 

Battle tp. 

Battle  Creek p.h. 

Battle  Creek tp. 

Battle  Creek tp. 

Battle  Creek p.T. 

Battle  Creek p.T. 

Battle  Hill p.tp. 

Battle  Mountain...p.T. 

Battle  Plain tp. 

Banghnian -.tp. 

Baugo tp. 

Baxley -p.T. 

Baxley T. 

Baxter tp. 

Baxter  Springs p.T. 

Bay tp. 

Bayard p.v. 

Bayborough tp. 

Bay  City p.v. 

Bay  City c. 

Bayfield tp. 

Bayfield p.T. 

Bayonue c. 

Bayou tp. 

Biiyou  Blue t. 

Bayou  Boeuf t. 

Bayou  Macon tp. 

Bayou  Metoe'. p.tp. 

Bayou  Sara p.T. 

Bayport p.T. 

Bay  St.  Louis- p.T. 

Bayshore p.T. 

Baytown - tp. 

Bay  View p.h. 

Bay  View p.T. 

Bazaar -p.tp. 

Bazetta tp. 

Bazile p.b. 

Bazine -tp. 

Beach  City -p.T. 

Beach  Glen h. 

Beach  Haven -p.T. 

Beacon  Falls. -tp. 

Beale tp. 

Beallsville p.h. 

Benllsville p.T. 

Beallsville p.T. 

Beaman p.T. 

Beanisville p.h. 

Beau  liloesom tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 


Jefferson 

Branch 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Clermont 

Clermont , 

Saratoga 

Carroll ,..., 

Greenville 

Lexington 

Independence 

Panula , 

Camden , 

Placer 

Mason 

Mason 

Franklin 

Cerro  Gordo 

Sagadahoc 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Freeborn 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Rensselaer 

Steuben - 

Steuben 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Allen 

Greene 

Summit- 

Northampton.-.. 

Lafourche 

E.  Baton  Rouge. 

Chester 

Washington 

Ida 

Ida 

Lincoln- 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Madison 

McPherson 

Lander 

Rock 

Wayne 

Elkhart 

Appling 

Hamilton 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Cherokee 

Ottawa 

Columbiana 

Horry 

Pope 

Bay 

Bayfield 

Bayfield 

Hudson 

Ozark 

Terre  Bonne 

St.  Mary 

Chicot 

Arkan-as 

West  Feliciana.. 

Suffolk 

Hancock 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Essex 

Milwaukee 

Chase 

Tmmbnll- 

Knox 

Ness 

Stark 

Morris 

Luzerne 

New  Haven- 

Juniata. 

Montgomery 

Monroe 

Washington 

Grundy 

Darke 

Monroe ».... 

Christian.......... 

Hancock 

Jay 


Stot*. 


I  Population. 


1870.  ,  188U. 


310l 
1,3081 
6,486 
3,890 1 
3,334 
827 
21d 

T,400, 


881 
227. 


2,124 
464 
676 


7,371 
1,126 


404 
1,168 


1,466 
6,236 


1,969 


1,266 

2,684 

1,034 

707 


6,498 
3,098 


1,188 
6,83^ 


Iowa.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 
N.  Y„. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
N.  Y....I 

Mo I 

8.  C 

8.C 

Ark 

Miss  — 

N.  J 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
N.  H.... 
N.  H. .. 
N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Pa- 

La. 

La 

S.  0 

N.  Y..... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich. 
Mich. 
Neb- 
Kan - 
NeT.- 
Minn 
Obio- 
Ind... 
Ga..... 
Ind... 
Minn 
Kan. 
Ohio., 
Ohio., 
S.  C.„ 

111 

Mich.... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
N.J.- 
Mo .... 
La... 
La.... 
Ark-. 
Ark- 
La.... 
N.Y- 
Mlas- 
N.Y. 
Minn 
Mass. 
Wis-. 
Kan.. 
Ohio.. 
Neb... 
Kan.. 
Ohio.. 

N.J 

Pa.. I 

Conn.... ! 

Pa !    1,039 

Md.... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Ohio-. 
iDd.... 

Ill 

111-.... 
lad.... 


2,067 
749 


1,284 

609 

89 

885 


7,064 
344 


3,834 
480 


1,200 
594 


364 
1,240 


324 
297 


1,316 

720 

1,117 

1,247 


328 

1,306 

7,616 

4,845 

3,687 

I.OIA 

344 

1,824 

2,16* 

286 

1,264 

442 

114 

172 

1,641 

439 

761 

411 

7,874 

1,367 

270 

910 

1,032 

186 

2,046 

7,396 

3,183 

2,768 

8« 

1,632 

2,593 

1,039 

698 

91 

7,197 

3,669 

142 

148 

206 

469 

1,<I61 

7,063 

123 

601 

622 

142 

2,473 

708 

110 

196 

483 

1,177 

309 

111 

1,270 

39 

20,693 

664 

496 

9,372 

897 

194 

266 

708 

463 

710 

481 

1,978 

1,616 

1,252 

816 

2,862 

1,096 

1,400 

41 

781 

283 

196 

300 

379 

1,130 

108 

391 

376 

201 

126 

1,317 

1,390 

1,188 

1,637 


>  In  1876,  part  to  Albion. 
«  In  1873,  part  to  Hamilton. 

17 


*  Since    1870,    area   much 
diiced. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Neuse  Creek. 


•  Since  1870,  part  to  Stanley. 
249 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Bear  Creekl tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek .^.tp. 

Bear  Creek ..._tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek p.tp. 

Beard  Btown p.y. 

Beardstown y. 

Bearfleld. tp. 

Bear  Grass tp. 

Bear  Groye tp. 

Bear  Groye tp. 

Bear  Groye tp. 

Bear  Lake tp. 

Bear  Lake tp. 

Bear  Lake p.y. 

Bear  Lake p.h. 

Bear  Kiyer  City p.y. 

Bear  Run y. 

Bear  Valley p.y. 

Bear  Valley y. 


..p.y. 
.p.y. 
..p.y. 
.p.h. 
..p.y. 
.tp. 


Beason 

Beatrice 

Beattie 

Beattie's  Ford 
BeattyyiUe...., 

Beaty 

Beanford tp, 

Beaufort... p.y. 

Beaufort tp. 

Beaufort p.y. 

Beau  Grand tp. 

Beauregard p.y. 

BeauTais tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver. ^. 

Beaver. ...^. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver. ^..tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver ^ tp. 

Beaver „..tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver* ~ tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver. »..tp. 

Beaver. ...tp. 

Beaver.. ....tp. 

Beaver. 1p. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver.. ....v. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver p.v. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver » tp. 

Beayer„ tp. 

Beaver. tp, 

Beaver p.v. 

Beaver .p.b. 

Beaver.. tp. 

Beaver- ....tp. 

Beaver..";...... tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver„ tp. 

Beaver„ p.y. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver  Bay tp. 

Beaver  City_ p.v. 

Beaver  City v. 

Beaver  Creek tp. 

Beaver  Creek 1p. 

Beaver  Creek p.h. 

Beaver  Creek- v. 

Beaver  Creek- tp. 

Beaver  Creek tp. 

Beaver  Crossing.  ...p.h. 

Beaver  Dam p.b. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Dam p.v. 

Beaver  Dam c. 

Beaver  Dam tp. 

Beaver  Falls tp. 


County. 


Poweshiek 

Emmett 

Henry 

Montgomery 

Chatham 

Luzerne 

Sauk 

Waupaca 

Cass 

Wood „ 

Peny 

Martin .^ 

Fayette 

Cass 

Guthrie 

Charlevoix 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Warren 

Box  Elder. 

Schuylkill 

Mariposa 

North  umberland. 

Logan 

Gage 

Marshall 

Lincoln 

Lee , 

Carroll , 

Blue  Earth 

Carteret 

Beaufort ,..< 

Beaufort 

Cheboygan 

Copiah 

St.  Genevieve 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Pulaski 

Boone 

Butler 

Dallas 

Grundy 

Guthrie 

Humboldt 

Polk 

Barton 

Cowley.- 

Decatur ».... 

Lincoln 

Bepnblic 

Smith 

Plymouth 

Bay 

Newaygo.- 

Fillmore 

Winona 

Taney 

Mahoning 

Noble 

Pike 

Pike 

Beaver 

Clarion 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Snyder 

Beaver 

Clark 

Lake 

Fumaa.- 

Clarion.- 

Crawford 

Rock 

Rock 

Cumberland 

Wilkes 

Greene 

Seward 

Ohio 

Butler 

Cherokee 

Cumberland 

Haywood 

Richmond 

Watauga 

Allen 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Renville 


State. 


Iowa... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0.... 

Pa 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Ill 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
N.  C... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Pa. 

Utah... 

Pa. 

Cal 

Pa- 

Ill 

Neb.... 
Kan-.. 
N.  0.... 

Ky 

Mo 

Minn.. 
N.  0.... 

8.  0 

S.  0.-.. 
Mich.. 
Miss.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Ind..... 
Ind.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Mass... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah.. 
Wis.-. 
Minn.. 
Neb... 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Minn. 
Minn. 
N.  C-. 
N.  C... 
Ohio.. 
Neb ... 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  0... 
N.  C... 
N.  C„. 
N.  C... 
N.  0„. 
Ohio.. 
Wis  -., 
Wis .... 
Minn. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,852 
264 


2,200 

1,328 

135 

858 

462 

2,528 


901 


992 
163 
417 


417 


289 


123 


336 
2,430 
6,611 
1,739 


316 

1,306 

1,278 

637 

489 

195 

1,084 

343 

401 

620 


1,213 


141 
142 
419 


681 
1,933 
1,684 

694 


1,120 

1,338 

958 

1,177 

1,094 

1,766 

1,207 

197 

119 


960 
2,289 


786 
763 


1,745 
635 
413 


3,265 

1,461 

569 


1,984 

2,763 

817 

2,811 

1,647 

159 

808 

984 

3,136 

311 

997 

766 

1,186 

744 

688 

386 

777 

236 

154 

340 

367 

150 

350 

121 

2,447 

270 

73 

146 

2,323 

598 

2,009 

7,892 

2,549 

594 

517 

1,722 

1,722 

898 

660 

540 

975 

755 

719 

1,300 

471 

1,372 

423 

718 

349 

472 

481 

1,362 

339 

351 

197 

667 

86 

893 

2,150 

1,829 

750 

95 

1,178 

3,585 

1,221 

1,136 

1,113 

1,407 

1,732 

263 

106 

153 

278 

85 

483 

37 

197 

973 

2,470 

49 

146 

1,066 

1,222 

853 

1,563 

590 

648 

353 

3,416 

1,405 

585 


Place. 


Beaver  Falls p.v. 

Beaver  Falls p.b. 

Beaver  Island tp. 

Beaver  Meadow p.h. 

Beaver  Meadow  Mine8.v 
Beaver  Meadow8...p.y. 

Beavertown v. 

Beavertown p.v. 

Beaver  Valley v. 

Beccaria tp. 

Becker tp. 

Becket tp. 

Becket.- p.v. 

Beckleysville p.v. 

Beckville h. 

Beddington p.tp. 

Bedford. tp. 

Bedford p.h. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford p.tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.b. 

Bedford  Station p.v. 

BedmiDster tp. 

Bedminster p.h. 

Bedminster p.tp. 

Beebe's  Comers-. ..v. 

Beebe  Station p.v. 

Bee  Branch tp. 

Beech  Creek p.tp. 

Beech  Creek tp. 

Beech  Creek tp. 

Beech  Creek tp. 

Beech  Creek p.b. 

Beechen  Hollow. ..h. 

Beecher  City p.v. 

Beech  Grove p.v. 

Beech  Spring tp. 

Beech  viile v. 

Beekman tp. 

Beekman p.y. 

Beekmantown tp. 

Bee  Ridge tp. 

Beersheba  Springs.p.v. 

Beersville h. 

Beetown - tp. 

Beetown p.v. 

Beeville p.v. 

Belchertown tp. 

Belchertown p.y. 

Belden p.v. 

Belding p.v. 

Beldoc tp. 

Belew  Creek tp. 

Belfast. c. 

Belfast tp. 

Belfast tp. 

Belfast p.y. 

Belfast. h. 

Belfast tp. 

Belfort p.h. 

Belgium v. 

Belgium p.tp. 

Belgrade tp. 

Belgrade p.h. 

Belgrade.- tp. 

Belgrade tp. 

Belgrade p.y. 

Belgrade  Mills p.h. 

Bel  Green p.v. 

Belknap tp. 

Belknap tp. 

Belknap p.h. 

Bell tp. 

Bell* tp. 

Bell tp. 


County. 


Renville 

Beaver 

Stokes 

Chenango 

Carbon  .„ 

Carbon 

Montgomery 

Snyder 

Forest 

Clearfield 

Sherburne 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Baltimore 

Montgomery 

Washington 

Cross.- 

Pike 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

Taylor 

Trimble 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Monroe- 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Hillsborough 

Westchester 

Westchester 

Coshocton 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

Meigs 

Bedford 

Bedford. 

Westchester 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Macomb 

White 

Chariton 

Ashley 

Clarke 

Greene 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Saratoga 

Effingham 

Coffee 

Spartanburg 

Lapeer.— 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Clinton.- 

Knox 

Grundy 

Northampton .-... 

Grant 

Grant 

Bee 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Wayne 

Ionia 

Barnwell  -. 

Forsyth 

Waldo 

Murray 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Highland— 

Fulton 

Lewis 

Jefferson 

Ozaukee 

Kennebec. 

Kennebec 

Nicollet 

Washington 

Washington. 

Kennebec 

Franklin 

Pottawattamie.... 

Presque  Isle 

Young 

Reno 

Clearfield 

Jefferson 


Population. 

State. 

1870. 

1880. 

Minn-. 

185 

Pa 

3,112 

5,104 

N.  C 

1,247 

1,409 

N.T 

106 

Pa 

806 

Pa 

602 

Ohio-... 

170 

Pa 

363 

Pa 

87 

Pa 

i,239 

1,461 

Minn ... 

600 

Mass.... 

1,346 

1,123 

Mass.... 

439 

Md 

93 

Ind 

86 

Me 

134 

129 

Ark 

319 

357 

Ill 

56 

Ill 

1,336 

1,652 

Ind 

2,198 

Iowa.... 

720 

1,763 

Ky 

200 

197 

Mass.... 

849 

931 

Mich.... 

1,466 

1,304 

Mich.... 

197 

Mich.... 

1,469 

1,835 

Mo 

2,325 

2,704 

Mo 

77 

N.H.„. 

1,221 

1,204 

N.T 

3,697 

3,731 

N.T 

181 

Ohio 

918 

921 

Oliio 

1,788 

1,787 

Ohio 

828 

766 

Ohio 

1,646 

1,720 

Pa 

2,333 

2,686 

Pa 

1,247 

2,011 

N.  T 

209 

N.  J 

1,881 

1,812 

N.  J 

140 

Pa 

2,370 

2,482 

Mich.... 

lOfl 

Ark 

428 

Mo 

1,593 

2,298 

Ark 

269 

617 

Ark 

448 

664 

Ind 

2,059 

2,068 

Pa 

887 

800 

Pa 

384 

400 

N.  Y 

107 

Ill 1 

70 

Tenn.... 

104 

S.C 

3,280 

6,267 

Mich.... 

550 

N.  T 

1,486 

1,578 

N.  T 

105 

N.  T 

2,552 

2,644 

Mo 

669 

Tenn ... 

138 

Pa 

49 

Wis.-... 

1,624 

1,530 

Wis.-... 

239 

Tex 

208 

Mass..- 

2,428 

2,346 

609 

Mich.... 

135 

Mich.... 

662 

S.C 

1,176 

1,764 

N.  C 

817 

1,010 

Me 

5,278 

5,308 

Minn ... 

193 

N.T 

1,488 

1,470 

N.T 

406 

Ohio 

72 

96 

Pa 

856 

928 

N.T 

132 

Pa  

126 

Wis 

1,979 

1,948 

Me 

1,485 

1,321 

Me 

97 

Minn ... 

414 

699 

Mo 

952 

Mo 

71 

Me 

124 

Ala 

81 

489 

Mich.... 

620 

Tex..... 

44 

Kan 

348 

Pa 

918 

998 

Pa 

785 

887 

^  Including  Brooklyn. 

260 


«  In  1878,  part  to  Clay. 


»  In  1876,  part  to  Greenwood. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac*. 


B«ll tp. 

Bell  Air p.h. 

Bellair ....tp. 

Bella!  re p.T. 

Bellaire C 

Bellbrook p.T, 

Bellbuckle p.T. 

Bell  Centre p.h. 

Belle  Centre p.T. 

Belle  Creek tp. 

Belle  Creek p.T. 

Bellefont p.T. 

Bellefontaine b. 

Bellefontaine p.T. 

Bellefonte p.T. 

Bellefonte p.b. 

Belle  Plain„ p.tp, 

Belle  Plaln.~ p.T. 

Belle  Plain.„ p.h, 

Belle  Plain p.T. 

Belle  Plaine tp. 

Belle  Plaine p.T. 

Belle  Plaine  1 tp. 

Belle  Plaine p.b. 

Belle  Plaine tp. 

Belle  Point. p.h. 

Belle  Prairie tp. 

Belle  Prairie tp. 

Belle  Prairie p.tp. 

Belle  River tp. 

Belle  Union p.h. 

Belle  Vernon p.h. 

Belle  Vernon p.b. 

Belleview tp. 

Belle  view p.h. 

Belleview h. 

Belleview v. 

Belleview p.T. 

Belleview p.T. 

Belleville.. p.T. 

Belleville tp. 

Belleville c. 

Belleville tp. 

Belleville tp. 

Belleville p.T. 

Belleville p.T. 

BelleTille p.T. 

Belleville* tp. 

Belleville p.T. 

Belleville p.v. 

Belleville p.T. 

Belleville p.v. 

Bell  eville p.T. 

Bellevue h. 

Bellevue tp. 

Bellevne p.T. 

Bellevue tp. 

Bellevue p.v. 

Bellevue tp. 

Bellevue'. tp. 

Bellevue p.T. 

Bellevue p.T. 

Bellevne b. 

Bellevue* tp. 

Bell  Flower tp. 

Bellingham tp. 

Bellmont p.T. 

Bellniont tp. 

Bellmore p.T. 

Bellona p.T. 

Bellows  Falls p.T. 

Bell  Point t. 

Bellport p.T. 

Bell's tp. 

Bell's  Depot..*. p.v. 

Bell's  Mills p.h. 

Bell  ton p.v. 

Bollton p.h. 

Bellvale p.h. 

Bell  Valley p.T. 

Bellview _h# 

Bellville tp. 

Bell  wood .v. 

Bell  wood p.v. 

Belmond p.T. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont tp. 


County. 


Westmoreland.... 

Crawford 

Appanooee 

Antrim 

Belmont 

Greene 

Bedford , 

Crawford 

Logan 

Goodhue 

Washington 

Nottoway- 

Jay 

Logan 

Boone 

Centre 

Marshall 

Benton 

Cumberland 

Callahan 

Sumner , 

Sumner 

Scott , 

Scott , 

Shawano 

Delaware 

Livingston 

Bush 

Morrison , 

Douglas 

Putnam , 

Wyandot , 

Fayette 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Boone 

Campbell 

Iron 

Lebanon 

Conecuh 

San  Bernardino... 

St.  Claip. 

Chautauqua 

Bepublic 

Republic 

Wayne 

Esmeralda 

Essex 

Jefferson 

Richland 

Mifflin 

Austin 

Wood 

Grand  Forks 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Morrison 

Washington 

Sarpy 

Huron 

Alleghany 

Brown 

McLean 

Norfolk 

Wabash , 

Rooks 

Parke 

Yates 

Windham 

Franklin 

Suffolk 

Colleton 

Crockett 

ladiMiia 

Hall 

Marshall 

Orange 

Noble 

Jefferson 

Pocahontas 

Fulton 

Blair 

Wright. 

Sumter 

San  Mateo 

Iroquois 

Warren 


State. 


Pa.. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Mich..., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
Minn... 

Neb 

Va 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ark 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa..., 

N.J 

Tex 

Kan..... 
Kan..... 
Minn ... 
Minn.... 

Wis 

Ohio..... 

HI 

Kan 

Minn... 
Minn... 

Ind , 

Ohio 

Pa. 

111.. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ky 

Mo 

Pa 

Ala 

Cal 

Ill„ 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Nev 

N.  J.„... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa„ 

Tex 

W.  Va.. 

Dak 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ill 

Mass ..., 

Ill 

Kan  »... 

Ind 

N.  Y.... 

Vt 

Ky 

N.Y.... 

8.  0 

Tenn.... 

Pa 

Oa 

W.Va.. 
N.  Y...., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Iowa..., 

Oa. 

Pa. , 

Iowa.... 

Ala 

Cal , 

111 

Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


810 
656 


4,033 
369 


276 
820 


3,182 


2,656 
1,092 
1,488 


2,375 
497 
676 


630 


344 
166 


906 
947 


61 


66 
8,146 


3,644 
""7*26 


2,402 
1,363 
1,985 
608 
92 
1,867 


1,219 
384 
822 
659 

1,282 


697 
91 


1,361 


327 


833 
1,048 


1,064 

72 

780 

66 

8,025 

426 

298 

94 

434 

1,078 
200 
150 
69 

3,998 
296 

3,026 

1,055 

1,689 
109 
47 

1,664 
348 

1,054 
629 
736 
81 
708 
265 
991 
472 
69 
112 

1,164 

1,263 
62 
124 

1,460 

47 

136 

167 

388 

10,683 

1,262 
763 
238 
314 
380 

3,004 
462 
971 
268 
600 
218 
66 

2,625 

1,681 

2,067 
628 
246 

1,027 
211 

2,169 
915 
777 

1,282 

1,223 
350 
240 
129 
197 

2,229 
249 
297 

1,968 

540 

79 

229 

118 

179 

67 

96 

373 

237 

366 

497 

76 

202 

1,237 

1,250 


Place. 


Belmont tp. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont* tp. 

Belmont p.tp. 

Belmont  •. tp. 

Belmont'. p.tp. 

Belmont _ p.T. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont p.T. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmore p.T. 

Beloit p.T. 

Beloite tp. 

Beloit p.T. 

Beloit p.h. 

Beloit c. 

Beloit tp. 

Belpre tp. 

Belpre p.T. 

Belsano p.h. 

Belt  City h. 

Belton „..T. 

Belton p.T. 

Belton tp. 

Belton p.T. 

Belton p.T. 

BeltzhooTer b. 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere p.T. 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere p.v. 

Belvidere p.v. 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere p.v. 

Belvidere p.tp. 

Belvidere" tp. 

Belvin tp. 

Belvue tp. 

Bement tp. 

Bement p.T. 

Bendersville p.T. 

Benderville t. 

Benedicta p.tp. 

Benezet .tp. 

Benezet p.T. 

Bengal .p.tp. 

Benicia tp. 

Benicia p.T. 

BennerW. tp. 

Bennet  Spring tp. 

Bennett tp. 

Bennettsburg p.v. 

Bennett's  Landing.h. 

Bennett's  Mills p.h. 

Bennett's  Station. ..p.v. 
Bennett's  Switch...p.h. 

Bennettsvllle tp. 

Bennettsville p.v. 

Bennezette tp. 

Bennington p.h. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington p.T. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington p.T. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington P-tp. 

Bennington  Centre  p.T. 
Bennington  Fur. 

nace p.T. 

Benona tp. 

Bensalem p.tp. 

BensenTiUe p.b. 

Benson.'. p.T. 

Benson tp. 

Benson p.T. 


County. 


Kingman , 

Phillips 

Woodson 

Waldo 

Middlesex 

Jackson 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Nye 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Alleghany 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Lafayette , 

Lafayette........ 

Portage 

Putnam 

Lyon 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Mahoning 

Rock 

Rock 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Cambria 

Meagher 

Banks 

Cass 

Anderson 

Anderson  « 

Bell 

Alleghany 

Boone 

Boone 

Monona 

Montcalm. 

Goodhue 

Thayer 

Warren 

Perquimans.... 
Perquimans.... 

Lamoille 

Buffalo- 

Pitt 

Pottawatomie . 

Piatt. 

Piatt 

Adams 

Berks 

Aroostook 

Elk 

Elk 

Clinton 

Solano 

Solano 

Centre 

Barnwell 

Kingman 

Schuyler 

Tunica 

Ocean 

Lancaster. 

Miami 

Marlborough.. 
Marlborough.. 

Butler  

Bear  Lake 

Marshall 

Black  Hawk... 

Ottawa 

Shiawassee 

Mower 

Hillsborough.. 
Hillsborough.. 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Licking 

Morrow 

Bennington..  . 
Bennington.... 

Blair 

Oceana 

Bucks 

Du  Page 

Woodford 

Swift 

Swift 


State. 


Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Me 

Mass.. 
Minn. 
Mont. 
NeT.... 
N.H... 
N.  H... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 
Wis-.., 
Wis...., 

Wis 

Ohio... 
Iowa... 
Kan... 
Kan ... 
Ohio..., 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio..., 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Mont . 

Ga 

Mo..... 
8.O.... 
8.C.... 
Tex  -.. 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Mich.. 
Minn .. 
Neb..... 

N.  J 

N.  C 

N.  C_.., 

Vt 

Wis 

N.  C 

Kan ..., 

HI 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa„ 

Me 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich... 

Cal 

Cal 

Pa 

S.  0 

Kan..., 
N.  Y.... 
Miss.... 
N.J.-., 

Neb 

Ind 

8.  0 

8.  C 

Iowa.., 
Idaho., 

Ill , 

Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Mich.., 
Minn.. 
N.  H... 
N.  H„. 
N.  Y„., 
N.  Y-., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio... 

Vt 

Vt 


Pa. 

Mich.. 

Pa. 

Ill 

HI 

Minn.. 
Miuu., 


Population. 


187a     1880. 


622 

628 

1,513 

625 


1,165 


795 
1,619 

287 
1,303 


508 
261 


173 


4,396 
743 

2,462 
911 


1,364 


281 


4,410 
3,231 

272 
54 

626 


1,882 
2,403 


369 

632 

2,161 


1,471 


413 
902 


1,086 
1,656 


1,362 
1,742 


1,736 
"266 


1,020 
664 


1,424 
257 
401 


2,386 


907 

899 

6,7«0 


637 
2,363 


60S 
613 
657 
620 

1,615 
369 
225 
284 

1,226 
512 
804 

2,098 
319 

1,244 
410 
535 
445 
191 

2,793 

1,835 
162 

4,790 
707 

2,636 

901 

50 

30 

229 

662 

2,181 
314 

1,797 
5G4 

3,940 

2,951 
304 
526 
950 
264 

1,773 

2,628 

91 

40() 

723 

2,593 
734 

2,030 
963 
331 
66 
302 
836 
297 

1,296 

2,067 

1,794 

1,282 

2,079 

185 

113 

10 

61 

214 

60 

3,171 
343 
527 
162 
964 
812 
8-32 

1,472 
641 
44;< 
282 

2,365 
102 
884 
036 

6,333 
176 

064 
877 
2,217 
136 
287 
406 
46« 


1  In  1870,  including  Belle  Plaine 

borough. 
«  Since  1871  area  reduced. 


s  In  1876,  part  to  Belgrade. 
*  In  1874,  part  to  Allouez. 
8  Since  ISJO,  area  reduced. 


•  In  1880,  part  to  Cambridge. 
'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
8  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Lincoln. 
10  In  1876,  part  to  CoUegt 

261 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Oonnty. 


Benson p.tp. 

Benson tp. 

Benson p.v. 

Bentley tp. 

Bentley p.h. 

Bentleyvllle p.  v. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton  ^ tp. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton ^. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton  I tp. 

Benton y tp. 

Benton p.tp. 

Benton. p.v. 

Benton p.T. 

Benton tp. 

Benton* tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton.. tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.h. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton^ tp. 

Benton' tp. 

Benton  * tp. 

Benton  T ^. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.h. 

Bentou tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.tp. 

Benton ..tp. 

Benton t. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.h. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton ....p.T. 

Benton tp. 

Benton v. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.v. 

Benton  Centre p.v. 

Benton  City p.h. 

Benton  Falls p.h. 

Benton  Harbor p.v. 

Benton  Ridge p.v. 

Bentonsport p.v. 

Bentonville p.v. 

Bentonville p.v. 

Bentonville tp. 

Bentonville p.v. 

Bentonville p.v. 

Ben  Wade tp. 

Benzinger tp. 

Benzonia. tp. 

Beowawe. p.h. 

Berdan p.v. 

Berea p.v. 

Berea p.v. 

Bergen p.h. 

Bergen p.tp. 


Hamilton...... 

Butland 

Rutland 

Conway 

Hancock 

Washington.. 

Saline 

Mono 

Mono 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lake 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Monroe 

Benton 

Cass 

Des  Moines... 

Fremont. 

Keokuk.. 

Lucas 

Ringgold 

Taylor 

Wayne 

Butler 

Marshall 

Bossier 

Kennebec.... 

Berrien 

Cheboygan... 

Eaton 

Carver 

Carver 

Yazoo 

Adair 

Andrew 

Atcliison 

Cedar 

Christian 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Holt 

Howell 

Knox 

Linn 

Newton 


Polk 

Scott , 

Wayne , 

Webster 

Grafton 

Yates. , 

Crawford 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Monroe 

Ottawa 

Paulding 

Pike , 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Lackawanna., 
Lackawanna.. 

Polk 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Yates 

Audrain 

Kennebec 

Berrien 

Hancock 

Van  Bnren.... 

Benton 

Fayette.- 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Adams 

Pope 

Elk 

Benzie 

Eureka 

Greene 

Madison 

Cuyahoga...... 

Mercer 

McLeod.. 


State. 


N.T, 

Vt... 

Vt... 

Ark. 

111.... 

Pa... 

Ark- 

CaL.. 

Cal... 

IlL... 

111.... 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Kan.... 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mi88„... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio„... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Me 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Iowa. ... 

Ark 

Ind 

K.C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Nev 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ky 

Minn ... 


Population, 


1870.      1880. 


320 


345 


277 


Oi 


1,468 
616 
640 

1,188 
203 
867 
601 


1,192 
904 

1,309 
696 
367 

1,056 
862 


1,180 
3,116 


1,366 
1,297 


3,369 


680 
1,130 

627 
1,184 
2,066 
1,199 

379 
2,226 

809 
1,602 

696 

968 
2,613 
1,660 

1,291 
768 
376 

2,422 


1,448 
99 

987 
1,162 

404 
1,119 
1,063 


1,065 


250 
1,723 


661 
'432 


922 


310 

240 

1,630 

214 


688 


402 

1,104 

213 

362 

117 

263 

462 

166 

154 

2,419 

984 

692 

1,657 

198 

926 

561 

698 

1,271 

1,119 

1,082 

713 

760 

2,468 

856 

697 

277 

113 

1,173 

2,139 

2,792 

1,783 

1,262 

97 

180 

4,229 

1,926 

769 

1,643 

655 

1,134 

2,384 

1,875 

763 

2,025 

1,274 

843 

1,019 

1,437 

2,943 

1,726 

109 

1,666 

1,056 

378 

2,413 

173 

1,628 

140 

937 

2,712 

798 

1,474 

1,062 

191 

1,148 

69 

183 

1,619 

264 

144 

64 

110 

1,230 

179 

305 

696 

147 

1,076 

27 

289 

494 

1,976 

322 

62 

100 

680 

1,682 

160 

1,022 


Place. 


Bergen tp. 

Bergen p.v. 

Bergen tp. 

Bergen p.tp. 

Berger p.v. 

Berkeley v. 

Berkeley  Spring8...p.v. 

Berkley p.tp. 

Berkley tp. 

Berkley  Heights.. ..p.h. 

Berkshire v. 

Berkshire p.T. 

Berkshire tp. 

Berkshire tp. 

Berkshire p.tp. 

Berlamont p.v. 

Berlin t. 

Berlin p.tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.v. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin ....t. 

Berlin ~..p.T. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.tp. 

Berlin ....p.h. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin ....tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin t. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin v. 

Berl  in p.b. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin ....tp. 

Berlin pJb. 

Berli  n a 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin* ....tp. 

Berlin  Heights p.T. 

Bermuda  Hnndred.v. 

Bern tp. 

Bern tp. 

Bemadotte.„ ....tp. 

Bemadotte p.v, 

Bemadotte p.tp, 

Bernalillo p.T. 

Bernards  „ tp. 

Bernardston tp. 

BernardsTllle pji. 

Berne t. 

Berne tp. 

Berne tp. 

Berne p.h. 

Bemhard's  Bay p.h. 

Bemville p.b. 

Berroman tp. 

Berrien tp. 

Berrien  Springs p.T. 

Berry tp. 

Borrysburg p.b. 

Berry's  Station p.T. 

Berryvale p.h. 

Berryville p.v. 

Bertha tp. 

Bertram tp. 

Bertram p.T. 

Bertrand tp. 

Bertrand p.T. 

Bertrand p.h. 

Bertrandville t. 

Berwick tp. 

Berwick p.T. 

Berwick p.v. 

Berwick tp. 

Berwick p.T. 

Berwick tp. 


County. 


Genesee 

Genesee , 

Marathon .... 

Vernon 

Franklin , 

Providence... 

Morgan 

Bristol , 

Ocean 

Gloucester... 

Fairfield. 

Berkshire.... 

Tioga , 

Delaware 

Franklin , 

Van  Buren.. 
Chambers .... 

Hartford 

Bureau 

Sangamon .... 

Clinton 

Bracken 

Frederick..... 
Worcester..... 

Worcester 

Worcester..... 

Ionia 

Monroe 

Ottawa 

St.  Clair. 

Steele 

Gentry 

Coos 

Camden.. 

Rensselaer..., 
Rensselaer.... 

Delaware 

Erie 

Holmes... 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Knox  »...'. 

Mahoning...., 

Shelby 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 
Green  Lake.« 
Green  Lake... 
Marathon  »... 

Erie 

Chesterfield... 

Athens. « 

Berks. 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Nicollet- 

Bernalillo 

Somerset 

Franklin 

Somerset 

Bear  Lake 

Albany 

Fairfield 

Berks 

Oswego 

Berks 

Jo  Daviess.... 

Berrien.- 

Berrien.- 

Dane 

Dauphin 

Harrison 

Siskiyou 

Carroll 

Todd , 

Linn 

Linn 

Berrien,... 

Berrien 

Mississippi 

Plaquemines., 

Warren 

Warren.- 

St.  Mary's-... 

York 

York 

Adams 


State. 


N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wig 

Wis 

Mo 

R.  I 

W.  Va... 
Mass..... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Conn.... 
Mass.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Vt. 

Mich.... 

Ala 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.,,. 

Ky 

Md 

Md 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich,... 
Mich.,,, 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Vt- 

Vt. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio 

Va 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

HI 

Ill 

Minn  ,„ 
N.  Mex. 

N.  J 

Mass.... 

N.  J 

Idaho... 

N.Y 

Ohio...., 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

HI 

Mich.-. 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Pa 

Ky 

Cal 

Ark 

Minn ... 
Iowa. ... 
lowa..- 
Mich.... 
Altch.... 

Mo 

La. 

IlL 

Ill 

La _ 

Me 

Me 

Pa 


Poptilation, 


1870.      1880, 


1,997 


86 
796 


407 
744 


1,240 

V 

1,609 


2,436 
1,469 


806 


208 

697 

1,016 


1,587 
1,844 


1,231 
409 


629 


2,088 


1,330 

1,741 

1,007 

224 

233 

887 

963 

266 

640 

1,296 

1,474 

'2^777 

1,023 

879 


1,014 
2,124 
1,263 


214 

746 

2,369 

961 


2,662 
3,066 


467 
669 

1,405 
662 

1,166 
461 
236 


827 


1,522 


1,066 


2,291 


507 


>  In  1878,  part  to  Lake. 

s  Including  town  of  Bedford. 

252 


*  In  1880,  excluilTe  of  Benton 
Harbor, 


*  In  1874,  parts  to  Hickory  and 

Liber^. 
»  In  1874,  part  to  South  Fork. 


•  In  1872,  part  to  Colony. 

T  In  1871,  part  to  Grantsville. 

*  In  1876,  part  to  HamburK 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  TIIE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870   AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUuse. 


Berwick b. 

Berwick p.b. 

Berwyn p.b. 

Bethalto p.T. 

Bethania tp. 

Bethaiiia p.T. 

Bethany  1 p.tp. 

Bethany p.b. 

Bethany....^ tp. 

Bethany tp. 

Bethany  « tp. 

Bethany p.T. 

Bethany tp. 

Bethany p.T. 

Bethany .....^....tp. 

Bethany p.T. 

Bethany p.b. 

Bethany p.T. 

Bethany  Church...p.b. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.T, 

Bethel ~ p.T. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.T. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.T. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.h. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.tp. 

Bethel* p.tp. 

Bethel.... tp. 

Bethel p.T. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.T. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.T. 

Betliel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel b. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.h. 

Bethel ...tp. 

Bethel..., p.T. 

Bethesda tp. 

Bethia tp. 

Bethlehem p.tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem p.b. 

Bethlehem _,tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem p.b. 

BettsTille p.T. 

Benlab p.h. 

Beulah tp. 

Beulah h. 

Beulah  Tille p.h. 

BeTerly tp. 

BeTerly tp. 

BeTerly tp. 

BeTerly p.v. 

BeTerly p.v. 

BeTerly p.v. 

Bevier tp. 

Bevier p.v. 

BewleyTlUe p.v. 

Bexar p.h. 

Bible  Grove ^. 

Bicknell p.v. 

Bicknellsvllle h. 

Biddeford c. 

Bidwell tp. 

Big  Be«Ter'< tp. 

Big  BeaTer tp. 

Big  Bend tp. 

Big  Bend tp. 

Big  Bend tp. 


County. 


AdamB..„ 

Columbia....... 

Chester 

Madison 

Forsyth , 

Forsyth 

New  HaTen... 

Moultrie 

Osborne 

Gratiot 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Genesee. 

Genesee 

Iredell 

Butler 

Wayne 

Brooke 

Iredell 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Sussex 

McDonough.. 

Morgan 

Posey 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Bath 

Oxford 

Branch 

Anoka. 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Bladen 

Pitt 

Perquimans... 

Clark 

Clermont 

Miami , 

Monroe 

Armstrong.... 

Berks 

Delaware , 

Fulton 

Lebanon 

Mercer , 

York 

Giles 

Windsor 

Windsor , 

York 

Marion , 

Litchfield 


Stete. 


Clarke 

Henry 

Henry 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Albany 

Coshocton 

Stark 

Northampton.. 
Northampton.. 

Seneca 

Crawford 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Duplin 

Adams 

Essex 

Bnrlington 

Burlington 

Washington... 

Randolph 

Macon 

Macon 

Breckenridge.. 

Marion 

Clay 

Knox 

St.  Lawrence.. 

York 

Butte 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Republic 

Chippewa 

Chippewa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  0»... 
Ohio..... 

Pa 

W.  Va . 

N.  0 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa .... 

Ky 

Me 

Mich... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y ... 

N.  C... 

N.  0..... 

N.  C 

Ohio ... 

Ohio... 

Ohio... 

Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  C 

Tenn.... 

Vt 

Vt 

S.C 

s.  c 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  J>.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ohio 

Kan 

N.  C 

N.  0 

N.  0 

Ill 

Mass.... 

N.J 

N.  J 

Ohio..... 

W.  Va.. 

Mo 

Mo  

Ky 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Me 

Cal 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Kan..... 

Minn ... 

Wli. 


325 
923 


67 
1,162 


1,136 


1,462 
2,460 


1,662 


606 
98 
202 


2,311 


1,040 


681 


406 


2,286 

1,511 

216 

1,224 


2,736 


1,128 
3,086 
634 
1,801 
1,284 


2,286 
664 
861 

2,272 


2,330 


1,817 


2,997 
767 
750 
993 
763 


998 
2,211 
6,950 

850 
2,148 
2,230 
4,612 


1,105 


1,173 
6,507 
2,438 
1,418 
814 


1,631 
833 


998 


10,282 

837 

1,669 

1,406 


368 

2,095 

158 

628 

1,346 

105 

637 

269 

694 

1,716 

2.118 

994 

1,671 

87 

810 

130 

181 

336 

98 

2,727 

1,767 

298 

1,399 

111 

672 

132 

660 

79 

2,077 

1,511 

423 

1,343 

184 

2,562 

833 

127 

1,653 

3,131 

582 

1,864 

1,165 

871 

2,329 

689 

938 

2,332 

151 

2,572 

163 

1,693 

482 

3,681 

1,438 

656 

1,163 

798 

67 

1,380 

1,400 

2,830 

3,752 

836 

2,304 

2,282 

6,193 

616 

44 

1,481 

60 

32 

1,132 

8,466 

3,128 

1,759 

834 

235 

2,136 

867 

120 

37 

1,014 

298 

184 

12,651 

698 

1,437 

1.646 

1,086 

471 

231 


Place. 


Connty. 


Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek* tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Bigelow tp. 

Bigelow p.T. 

Bigelow tp. 

Bigelow p.T. 

Big  Flat p.tp. 

Big  Flats tp. 

Big  Flats p.tp. 

Bigger tp. 

Big  GroTe tp. 

Big  GroTe tp. 

Big  GroTe tp. 

Biggs'  Station p.T. 

Biggsville p.v. 

Big  Hole T. 

Big  Island tp. 

Big  Lake' tp. 

Big  Laurel tp. 

Bigler h. 

Big  Lick tp. 

Big  Lick p.h. 

Big  Lick tp. 

Big  Lick  (Roanoke)  p.T. 

Big  Meadows v. 

Big  Mine  Run t. 

Big  Mound tp. 

Big  Oak  Flat p.T. 

Big  Patch p.h. 

Big  Prairie p.tp. 

Big  Prairie tp. 

Big  Rapids c. 

Big  Rapids tp. 

Big  River tp. 

Big  River tp. 

Big  River tp. 

Big  Rock tp. 

Big  Rock p.T. 

Big  Run : p.T. 

Big  Spring p.tp. 

Big  Spring p.T. 

Big  Spring tp. 

Big  Springs t. 

Big  Springs p.h. 

Big  Springs p.h. 

Big  Stone tp. 

Big  Stone  City p.T. 

Big  Timber tp. 

Billerica tp. 

Billerica „.p.T. 

Billings ,.tp. 

Billings i.p.h. 

Billingsville p.T. 

Biloxi p.T. 

Bingen p.T. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham p.T. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham  Lake.. ..-p.T. 
Bingham's  MillB...h. 

Binghamton c. 

Bingham  ton tp. 

Birch  Cooley p.tp. 

Birch  Creek h. 

Birchdale tp. 

Birch  Hill t. 

Birch  Run -tp. 

Birch  Tree p.tp. 

Birchville t. 

Bird tp. 

Bird  Island tp. 

Bird  Island p.T. 

Birdsall p.tp 

Birdsbo  rough p.b 

Birdville 

Birkner 

Birmingham.. 
Birmingham.. 


..p.h. 

.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.b. 


Craighead 

White 

Black  Hawk.... 

Ellis 

Neosho 

Russell 

Cam 

Henry 

Taney 

NoblM 

Noble* 

Holt 

Holt 

Baxter 

Chemung.- 

Adams 

Jennings 

Kendall 

Benton 

Johnson 

Butte 

Henderson 

BeaTer  Head... 

Marion 

Sherburne 

Madison 

Clearfield 

Stanley 

Stanley 

Hancock 

Roanoke 

Plumas 

Schuylkill 

Wayne 

Tuolumne. 

Grant 

Newaygo 

New  Madrid... 

Mecosta 

Mecosta 

Mendocino 

Jefferson 

St.  Francis... 

Kane 

Scott 

Jefferson 

Shelby 

Breckenridge. 

Seneca 

Crawford 

Douglas 

Logan 

Big  Stone 

Grant 

Bush 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Gladwin 

Christian 

Union 

Harrison 

Northampton., 

Hancock 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Clinton 

Huron 

Leelenaw 

Orange 

Potter 

Cottonwood .... 

Colnmbia 

Broome 

Broome 

Renville 

Umatilla 

Todd 

Kent 

Saginaw 

Shannon 

Nevada 

Macoupin 

Renville 

Renville 

Alleghany 

Berks. 

Tarrant 

St.  Clair. 

Jefferson 

New  Haven.... 


8tet«. 


PopnUtlon. 


1870.      1880, 


Ark.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa., 
Kan,., 
Kan.,, 
Kan... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo  .... 
Minn. 
Minn, 
Mo ..., 
Mo ..., 
Ark... 
N.  Y... 
Wis... 
Ind..., 

Ill 

Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Cal  ,. 

Ill 

Mont.... 

Ohio 

Minn... 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Va 

Cal 

Pa , 

111 

Cal 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Pa 

Ill- 

Ky 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Kan-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Minn.. 

Dak 

Kan-.. 
Mass... 
Mass... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Ind 

Miss.... 

Pa. 

Iowa... 

Me 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Minn .. 
N.  Y-.. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn .. 
Oregon 
Minn .. 
R.  I.-.. 
Mich... 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Minn.. 
Minn.. 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Tex 

Ill 

Ala 

Conn.... 


487 

684 

1,394 


1,077 


1,097 

1,390 

267 


1,902 
89 

946 
1,726 

866 
1,358 


363 

80 

940 

671 


1,364 


1,179 


1,168 


403 
1,089 
1,237 

466 
1,911 
2,033 

436 

829 

'"266 

1,766 

134 

2,084 


1,833 


110 
964 


826 


2,910 
441 

637 

1,604 

773 


12,692 

2,066 

603 


926 
312 


766 


2,103 


626 
787 

1,666 

1,390 

1,U36 
846 
911 

1,038 

666 

215 

28 

1,396 
190 
281 

1,989 
168 

1,106 

1,604 
833 

1,363 

95 

358 

104 

1,226 

330 

428 

99 

1,714 
99 

1,261 
669 
300 
371 

1,053 
73 
49 
572 

1,136 

3,652 
549 

3,126 

2,135 

875 

963 

69 

240 

1,981 
85 

2,048 
187 
39 
61 
227 
376 
277 

2,000 
348 
144 
129 
120 

1,640 

172 

42 

828 

327 

3,602 
969 

1,333 

1,901 

832 

44 

123 

17,817 

2,666 

681 

76 

266 

326 

1,60C 
669 
182 

1,004 
637 
289 
890 

1,706 

M 

S89 

8,068 

8,026 


'  In  1871,  part  to  Beacon  Falls.        »  In  1871,  part  to  LinwootU 
'  Tn  1874,  area  changed. 


«  In  1870,  including  New  Gali- 
lee. 


i  In  1873,  part  to  Raymora. 
•  In  1875,  part  to  Orrock. 
258 


POPULATION  OF   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Flwse. 


Birmingham tp. 

Birmingham p.T. 

Birraiugham p.h. 

Birmingham p.y. 

Birmingham p.v. 

Birmingham p.v. 

Birmingham p.h. 

Birmingham t. 

Birmingham p.v. 

Birmingham tp. 

Birmingham tp. 

Birmingham p.h. 

Bishop tp. 

Bishop  Creek p.v. 

Bishop  Hill p.v. 

Bishopville tp. 

Bishopville p.h. 

Bismarck p.v. 

Bismarck p.v. 

Bismarck p.h. 

Bismarck tp. 

Bismarck tp. 

Bismarck.. p.v. 

Bismarck p.v. 

Black  1 tp. 

Blackberry p.tp. 

Blackberry  Station.p.v. 

Blackbird h. 

Blackburn p.h. 

Blackburn p.v. 

Black  Brook tp. 

Black  Brooks p.tp. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek p.v. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek p.h. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek*. tp. 

Black  Earth tp. 

Blackfoot  City p.v. 

Black  Hammer.»...tp. 

Black  Hawk p.v. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Jack tp. 

Black  Jack  Grove  ..p.v. 

Blackleysville p.v. 

Black  Lick tp. 

Black  Lick tp. 

Black  Lick  Station.p.v. 

Blackman tp. 

Black  Mountain.  ...p.tp. 

Black  Oak tp. 

Black  Oak p.h. 

Black  Oak  Point  ...p.h. 

Black  River p.h. 

Black  River tp. 

Black  River* tp. 

Black  River* tp. 

Black  River p.v. 

Black  River tp. 

Black  River tp. 

Black  River tp. 

Black  River tp. 

Black  River  Falls...p.v. 

Black  Rock p.h. 

Blacksburg p.v. 

Blackshear ....  p.v. 

Black  Springs p.h. 

Black's  Station p.h. 

Black's  Station p.h. 

Black  Stocks tp. 

Black  Stocks p.v. 

Blackstone p.v. 

Blacks  tone... tp. 

Blackstone p.v. 

Blacksville p.v. 

Black  Valley.„ v. 

Blackville tp. 

Blackville p.v. 

Blackwater ...p.tp. 

Blackwater* tp. 

Blackwater' tp. 

Black  Wolf. tp. 

Bladen  ^ p.tp. 


Connty. 


Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Miami 

Van  Buren 

Marshall 

Oakland 

Lee 

Essex c 

Erie 

Chester 

Delaware 

Huntingdon.... 

Effingham 

Inyo 

Henry 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Burleigh 

"Vermilion 

Clayton 

Presque  Isle... 

Sibley 

St.  Fran^oia.... 

Lebanon.. 

Posey , 

Kane 

Kane 

New  Castle.... 

Union 

Saline 

Clinton.. 

Polk 

Shelby «... 

Alleghany 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Mercer 

Luzerne 

Lexington 

Outagamie 

Dane 

Deer  Lodge.... 

Houston 

Gilpin 

Rock  Islands. 
Black  Hawk.. 

Grundy 

Jefferson 

Richmond 

Hopkins 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Indiana. 

Jackson 

Buncombe 

Mahaska 

Caldwell 

Hickory 

Alcona 

Butler 

Reynolds 

Wayne 

Jefferson 

Cumberland... 

Harnett 

Lorain 

Georgetown ... 

Jackson 

Fairfield 

Montgomery  . 

Pierce 

Montgomery.. 

Yolo 

York 

Chester.„ 

Chester 

Livingston 

Worcester , 

Worcester , 

Monongalia.... 

Schuykill 

Barnwell , 

Barnwell 

Cooper , 

Pettis , 

Saline 

Winnebago.... 
Bladen , 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Mich... 
Miss.... 
N.  Y>.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Cal 

Ill 

S.O 

8.0 

Dak 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Del 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  Y..., 
Wis  ... 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  C... 

N.  0 

Ohio..., 

Pa. 

8. 0 

Wis..... 
Wis.... 
Mon.... 
Minn., 
Col ..... 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa .. 
N.0.». 
Tex.... 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

N.  0 

Iowa... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

K.  Y.... 

N.C 

N.C 

Ohio.... 

8.C 

Wis 

Conn... 

Va 

Ga 

Ark.„.. 

Cal 

8.C 

S.C 

S.C 

Ill 

Mass... 
Mass... 
W.  Va. 

Pa 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Wis..... 
N.C... 


1,263 


626 
322 


450 
766 


664 


1,701 


6,291 
1,173 


3,561 

323 

1,418 


1,474 
77 

1,087 
669 
474 
628 
966 
499 
709 

1,068 

1,723 
716 
396 

1,019 
799 


646 
1,016 


1,470 


936 


492 

1,280 

743 


760 


960 
1,101 


490 


479 


6,421 


2,327 


648 
1,603 
1,784 

8-17 
1,005 


1,074 

75 

68 

616 

224 

733 

86 

200 

238 

503 

739 

231 

916 

159 

350 

2,309 
144 

1,758 
138 
44 
100 
261 
286 
340 

7,028 

1,212 

408 

58 

18 

214 

3,366 
722 

2,074 
130 

1,700 
129 

1,441 

1,057 
743 

1,286 

902 

82 

859 

1,540 

1,422 
887 

1,148 

1,008 

1,388 
193 
73 
687 
924 
237 

1,604 
699 

1,189 
82 
31 
182 
759 
567 
635 
195 

1,086 
643 

1,937 

2,633 

1,427 
417 
688 
778 
67 
85 
145 

2,346 
56 
85 

4,907 

3,205 
106 
155 

3,573 
684 
646 

1,339 

1,230 
888 
946 


Place. 


Bladensbarg p.v. 

Bladenshnrg p.v. 

Bladensburg p.v. 

Bladen  Springs p.v. 

Blades  viUe v. 

Blaine tp. 

Blaine tp. 

Blaine p.tp. 

Blaine tp. 

Blaine tp. 

Blaine.. b. 

Blair ..tp. 

Blair tp. 

Blair p.v. 

Blair. tp. 

Blair p.h. 

Blairsbnrg*' tp. 

Blairsburg p.h. 

Blair's  Comers p.h. 

Blair's  Creek tp. 

Blairstown p.v. 

Blairstown tp. 

Blairsville p.v. 

Blairsville p.h. 

Blairsville p.v. 

Blairsville p.b. 

Blairsville  Intersec- 
tion  V. 

Blake tp. 

Blakely ..p.v. 

Blakely tp. 

Blakely p.v. 

Blakely v. 

Blakesburg p.v. 

Blanchard p.v. 

Blanchard p.tp. 

Blanchard p.v. 

Blanchard tp. 

Blanchard tp. 

Blanchard tp. 

Blanchard tp. 

Blanchard p.v. 

Blanchester. p.v. 

Blanco v. 

Blanco.„ p.v. 

Blandford p.tp. 

Blandinsville tp. 

Blandou p.v, 

Blandtown h. 

Blandville p.v. 

Blauveltville.» p.h. 

Bleecker p.tp, 

Blendon p.tp. 

Blendon p.tp, 

Blenheim tp. 

Blenheim v. 

Bliss tp. 

Blissfleld tp. 

Blissfleld p.v. 

Bliss  Mills V. 

Blissville tp. 

Blocker's tp. 

Blocksburg p.h. 

Blockville p.v. 

Blodgett p.h. 

B16od'8  Depot. p.v. 

Blood  ville h. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloomdale p.v. 

Bloomer tp. 

Bloomer  10 tp. 

Bloomer p.v. 

Bloomflold p.h. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfleld p.v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield p.tp, 

Bloomfield p.v. 


Connty. 


Wapello 

Prince  George's., 

Knox 

Choctaw , 

Sussex , 

Ida 

Wright 

Aroostook , 

Benzie 

Anoka 

Perry 

Clay 

Grand  Traverse... 
Washington... 

Blair 

Trempealeau . 

Hamilton , 

Hamilton 

Clarion. „ .., 

Shannon , 

Benton 

Warren 

Union 

Williamson.... 

Posey 

Indiana 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Westmoreland., 

Colleton 

Early 

Scott 

Scott 

Lackawanna..., 

Wapello- 

Page , 

Piscataquis , 

Isabella 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Putnam , 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Clinton , 

Kent 

Blanco , 

Hampden 

McDonough |  111, 

Berks Pa 

Fulton I  Ga 


Iowa .. 

Md 

Ohio... 
Ala.... 
Del .... 
Iowa., 
Iowa. 

Me 

Mich.. 
Minn. 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich., 
Neb..., 

Pa , 

Wis ... 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

N.J, 

Ga.. 

111... 

Ind. 

Pa... 


Pa 

8.  C... 

Ga 

Minn . 
Minn., 

Pa. 

Iowa.. 

loWB.. 

Me 

Mich.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.., 
Wis..., 
Wis.... 
Ohio... 
Del.... 
Tex.... 
Mass., 


Ballard , 

Rockland.-.. 

Fulton , 

Ottawa 

Franklin 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Emmett 

Lenawee , 

Lenawee 

Saginaw , 

Jefferson , 

Edgefield 

Humboldt.... 
Chautauqua . 

Scott 

Steuben , 

Saratoga. , 

Cook 

Clay 

Osborne , 

Nobles 

Fairfield 

Morgan 

Scioto 

Seneca . 

Wood 

Clearfield 

Columbia , 

Richland 

Wood , 

Montcalm 

Chippewa , 

Chippewa 

Benton 

Nevada , 

Sonoma 

Hartford 

Johnson 

Greene 


Ky... 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 

Mich 
Ohio. 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

S.C 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Mo 

N.  Y..-. 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ind 


410 


496 


857 

383 

494 

1,671 


310 


682 
1,379 


1,064 


2,266 


669 


164 


1,304 
1,250 
1,693 


613 


1,026 
1,707 


386 


970 

718 

1,771 

1,437 


1,766 


869 
1,036 


1,213 


2,071 
987 
2,203 
1,492 
1,394 
315 
3,341 
1,171 


1,422 
1,559 


1,473 

1,326 

656 


1  Including  Mount  Vernon. 
*  In  1877,  part  to  Clear  Lake. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  Cicero. 

254 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Lesterville. 
»  In  1872,  part  to  Williams. 

*  Since  1870.  area  reduced. 


'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
«  In  1875.  part  to  Bethel. 


•  Area  changed  in  1876. 
w  In  1873,  part  to  Aubur« 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Ooanty. 


Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfleldi tp. 

Bloomfleld ...p.v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld p.v. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld p.v. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld v. 

Bloomfleld v. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield h. 

Bloomfleld tp. 

Bloomfleld v. 

Bloomfldld tp. 

Bloomfleld p.tp. 

Bloomfleld b. 

Bloomfleld p.h. 

Bloomfleld p.tp, 

Bloomfield p.v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfleld  Centre.h. 

Bloomingburg p.v. 

Bloomlngdale tp. 

Bloomingdale p.v. 

Bloomlngdale p.v. 

Bloomingdale tp. 

Bloomingdale p.v. 

Bloomingdale v. 

Bloomingdale p.v. 

Blooming  Glen .p.v. 

Blooming  Grove. ...tp. 
Blooming  Grove...  .p.v. 
Blooming  Grove. ...p.tp. 
Blooming  Grove... .tp. 
Blooming  Grove....v. 
Blooming  Grove. ...tp. 
Blooming  Grove. ...tp. 
Blooming  Grove. ...p.h. 
Blooming  Grove. ...tp. 
Blooming  Prairie..tp. 
Blooming  Prairie..p.v. 

Bloomingsburg p.v. 

Bloomington ~.pii. 

Bloomington c. 

Bloomington c. 

Bloomington  * tp. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington' tp. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington p.v. 

Bloomington p.v. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington ..p.v. 

Bloomington v. 

Bloomington p.v. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington p.v. 

Blooming  Valley. ..p.b. 

Bloomiugville p.h. 

Bloomingville v. 

BloomsUurg p.b. 

Bloomgbury p.v. 

Bloomville p.v. 

Bloomville p.v. 

Bloserville p.b. 

Bl088« tp. 

filossburg p.b. 

Blossom  Prairie.. ..p.h. 

Blount „p.tp. 

Blount  Spring p.v. 

Blountsville p.v. 

Blountsville p.v. 

Blountsville p.v. 

Blowing  Bock ^. 

Blue tp. 

Blue* tp. 

Bine  Bell v. 

Blue  Bell p.b. 


La  Grange 

Clinton 

Davis 

Davis » 

Polk 

Winneshiek 

Mitchell 

Nelson 

Huron 

Missaukee 

Oakland 

Fillmore 

Stoddard 

Essex 

Richmond 

Coshocton- 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Logan 

Muskingum 

Trumbull- 

Trumbull 

Bedford , 

Crawford 

Perry 

Cooke 

Essex 

Loudoun 

Walworth 

Waushara. 

Oakland 

Fayette 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Parke 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Carbon 

Vernon 

Bucks 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waseca 

Orange 

Morrow 

Bichland 

Pike 

Navarro 

Dane 

Steele 

Steele 

Fulton 

Benton- 

McLean 

Monroe 

Monroe. 

Decatur 

Muscatine 

Butler 

Osborne 

Garrett 

Hennepin- , 

Buchanan 

Franklin 

Somerset. 

Clinton.- 

Grant 

Grant 

Crawford 

Erie 

Hocking 

Columbia 

Hunterdon 

Delaware , 

Seneca 

Cumberland 

Tioga. 

Tioga 

Lamar 

Vermilion 

Blount , 

Blount 

Henry 

Sullivan 

Watauga 

Pottawatomie.. 

Jackson 

Clearfield 

Montgomery ... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Tex 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn 
Ind... 
Ark.- 

Hl 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Kan-, 
Kan-, 
Md.... 
Minn, 
Mo ... 
Neb-. 
N.  J.. 
Ohio- 
Wis.- 
Wis.- 
Pa..... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

N.  J.. 
N.Y- 
Ohlo- 
Pa-... 
Pa-... 
Pa..... 
Tex.  „ 

111 

Ala... 
Ala... 
Ind... 
Tenn 
N.  0. 
Kan- 
Mo... 
Pa-... 
Pa..... 


2,254 
1,231 
2,543 
1,653 
1,132 
1.183 


435 


2,105 


379 
4,580 


1,776 

146 

655 

98 

798 


1,262 
655 


1,091 
1,123 


312 
1,141 


1,496 


801 
130 
676 

2,602 
113 

1,199 
378 


1,011 
344 


14,590 

1,032 

1,828 

266 

8,129 


738 
1,487 


119 

1,246 

365 

209 


133 
3,341 


4,008 


1,632 


178 
180 


644 
3,603 


2,567 

1,403 

2,726 

1,531 

1,606 

1,010 

624 

455 

329 

76 

1,952 

885 

389 

6,748 

149 

91 

1,557 

175 

895 

176 

835 

199 

863 

1,491 

673 

31 

627 

63 

1,097 

1,384 

49 

626 

1,433 

226 

355 

1,749 

292 

168 

96 

125 

762 

120 

807 

2,444 

105 

1,181 

472 

79 

927 

662 

338 

96 

98 

17,180 

2,756 

994 

498 

9,631 

593 

23 

341 

819 

1,506 

524 

671 

162 

1,229 

403 

232 

41 

165 

3,702 

685 

229 

689 

103 

2,814 

2,140 

639 

1,910 

156 

222 

188 

317 

339 

742 

3,837 

176 

61 


Place. 


Blue  Caflon p.h. 

Blue  Creek tp. 

Blue  Creek tp. 

Blue  Earth  City tp. 

Blue  Earth  City p.v, 

Blue  Grass tp. 

Blue  Grass p.v, 

Blue  Hill tp. 

Blue  Hill tp. 

Blue  Hill p.v, 

Blue  Hills tp. 

Blue  Island. p.v. 

Blue  Lake tp. 

Blue  Marsh v. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound p.v, 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mounds p.tp. 

Blue  Mountain p.v. 

Blue  Point p.v. 

Blue  Rapids tp. 

Blue  Rapids p.v. 

Blue  Rapids  Clty...tp. 

Blue  Ridge tp. 

Blue  Ridge -..p.tp. 

Blue  Ridge .tp. 

Blue  Ridge* tp. 

Blue  River tp. 

Blue  River -tp. 

Blue  River tp. 

Blue  River .tp. 

Blue  Rock tp. 

Blue  Spring .v. 

Blue  Springs p.h. 

Blue  Springs -p.v. 

Blue  Springs tp. 

Blue  Tent p.v. 

Blue  Valley tp. 

Bluff tp. 

Bluff V. 

Bins' City p.h. 

Bluff  City pJj. 

Bluff  Creek- p.h. 

Bluff  Creek tp. 

Bluffs p.v. 

Bluffs  Springs p.v. 

Bluffton T. 

Blufftou p.v. 

Bluffton p.v, 

Bluffton tp. 

Bluffton p.v. 

Bluffton tp. 

Bluffton p.h. 

Bluffton p.v. 

Bluffton tp. 

Bluffton p.v. 

Blumfleld, p.tp, 

Blythe tp. 

Boalsburg p.v, 

Boardman tp. 

Boardman tp. 

Boardman p.tp, 

Boardman p.v. 

Boaz p.h. 

Boca. .p.v. 

Bodega -tp. 

Bodega  Comers v. 

Bodie p.v. 

Boerne -p.v. 

BoeufJ tp. 

Boeuf. tp. 

Bogansville tp. 

Bogard tp. 

Bogard tp. 

Bogart— ^. 

Boggs tp. 

Boggs tp. 

Boggs — .tp. 

Boggstown ...,-p.h. 

Bogle tp. 

Bogota -V. 

Bogue  8 tp, 

Bogue  Chitto -p.h. 

Bohemia .h. 

Boiling  Spring p.T. 


County. 


State. 


Placer 

Adams , 

Paulding 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Scott 

Scott. 

Hancock 

Sherburne 

Webeter 

Mitchell 

Cook 

Muskegon 

Berks 

McLean 

Macon 

Macon 

Linn ,. 

Livingston 

Vernon 

Dane 

Pope .■ 

Tippah- 

Suffolk 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Piatt , 

Henderson 

Macon , 

Watauga , 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Henry , 

Johnson 

Muskingum..., 

Greene 

Jackson , 

Gage 

Bobeson , 

Nevada 

Pottawatomie . 

Sumner- 

Cumberland ... 

Schuyler , 

Henderson , 

Johnson , 

Monroe 

Scott 

Escambia. 

Chambers- 

Clay 

Wells. 

Winneshiek-.. 
Winneshiek-., 

Otter  Tall 

Otter  Tall 

Allen , 

Beaufort 

Beaufort , 

Saginaw , 

Schuylkill 

Centre 

Clayton 

Kalkaska 

Mahoning 

St.  Croix 

Richland 

Nevada  - , 

Sonoma.... 

Sonoma 

Mono 

Kendall 

Franklin 

Gasconade , 

Union , 

Daviess- 

Henry , 

Carroll , 

Centre 

Armstrong 

Clearfield  - 

Shelby , 

Gentry , 

Bergen- 

Columbus 

Lincoln 

Suffolk 

Cumberland.... 


PoiNilattoa. 


1870.     1880. 


Cal 

Ind 

Ohio-... 
Minn.., 
Minn .. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me , 

Minn... 

Neb 

Kan-.. 

Ill 

Mich... 

Pa. 

HI 

HI 

Ill 

Kan-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Wis. 

Minn.. 
Miss... 
N.  Y-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 

Ill- 

N.  0-.. 
N,  C-.. 
N.  0-.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 
Tenn .. 

Mo 

Neb.-,. 
N.  0-.. 

Cal 

Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
N.  0-.. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

HI 

Fla 

Ala 

Qa- 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Minn... 
Minn... 
Ohio-.., 

S.  0. 

S.  C. — 
Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Iowa.,,, 
Mich.... 
Ohio-... 
Wis.-.,. 
Wis.-... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex 

Mo 

Mo 

8. 0 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  J — 
N.0-... 
Miss-,,, 
N,Y — 
P»- 


820 

163 

1^21 


1,420 


1,707 


381 


1,219 
1,089 


341 
1,048 


1,166 


321 
1,247 


1,247 

1,120 

1,364 

167 

460 

1,126 

1,198 

862 

2,673 

1,093 


1,014 


1,016 


1,131 
809 


489 
2,047 


1,074 

1,924 

371 

1,806 


817 


1,407 


3,910 
1,277 
1,891 
1,170 
1,117 


2,136 


784 


991 
104 


162 
931 

616 

620 

1,066 

1,487 

70 

2,213 

266 

138 

449 

1,642 

307 

134 

1,116 

1,204 

632 

911 

1,268 

734 

1,009 

315 

156 

372 

1,139 

829 

1,299 

1,960 

1A67 

436 

433 

1,268 

1,245 

805 

2,714 

1,188 

181 

129 

613 

1,406 

350 

681 

603 

136 

93 

48 

61 

869 

162 

133 

655 

76 

2,364 

807 

102 

326 

69 

1,290 

2,580 

170 

1,3C9 

1,049 

329 

1,667 

367 

906 

64 

76 

123 

1,386 

157 

2,712 

346 

3,082 

1,261 

2,232 

1,303 

1,196 

2,123 

2,098 

1,010 

906 

81 

1,431 

146 

1,110 

143 

133 

460 


I  Including  Bloomfield  Village. 
*  Sxclnsive  of  part  of  Blooming- 
ton City. 


*  Including  city  of  Muscatine. 

*  In  1872,  part  to  Hamilton. 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Brooking.  ^  In  1873.  part  to  New  Haven. 

•  In  1876,  partto  Blowing  Rock.    *  Since  1870,  part  to  Waooamaw 

255 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  .STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUENS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COVIPAKED. 


PUco. 


Boiling  Spring tp. 

Boi8BruI6 tp. 

Bois  d'Arc tp. 

Bois  d'Arc p.h. 

Boisfi  City ^ p.T. 

Boke's  Creek tp. 

Bolckow -p.T. 

Boles tp. 

Boligee p.h. 

Bolinas p.tp. 

Bolirar tp. 

Bolivar p.  v. 

Bolivar. p.T. 

Bolivar ^ tp. 

Bolivar p.T. 

Bolivar p.T. 

Bolivar p.T. 

Bolivar- v. 

Bolivar  Point v. 

BoUter's  Mills p.h. 

Bolton p.tp. 

Bolton T. 

Bolton T. 

Bolton.- tp, 

Bolton p.tp. 

Bolton p.h. 

Bolton tp. 

Bolton p.tp. 

Bolton's  Depot p.T. 

Boltonville p.h. 

Bombay tp. 

Bonanza  City p.T. 

Bonaparte tp. 

Bonaparte p.T. 

Bonaville p.tp. 

Bond ....tp. 

Bond  Hill p.T. 

Bondia p.tp. 

Bond's  Village p.T. 

Bondville p.h. 

Bondville p.h. 

Bonham p.T. 

Bonhomme p.tp. 

Bonn h. 

Bonneanville p.h. 

Bonnefemme tp. 

Bonnersville t. 

BonnieTille p.T. 

Bono tp. 

Bono p.h. 

Bonpas tp. 

Bonus tp. 

Boomer tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone ....tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone ....tp. 

Boone »..tp. 

Boone c. 

Boone tp. 

Boone  1- tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone*- tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone p.T. 

Boonesborough p.T. 

Booneville 

Booneville , 

Booneville 

Booneville 

Booneville 

Booneville tp. 

Booneville p.v. 

Booneville p.h 

Boon  Hill tp. 

Boon  Lake tp. 


County. 


.p.v. 

.p.T. 
.p.T, 
..p.T. 
.p.T. 


Lexington 

Perry 

Montgomery  .. 

Greene 

Ada 

Logan 

Andrew- 

Franklin 

Qreene 

Marin 

Benton 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Tuscarawas 

Westmoreland . 

Hardeman 

Jefferson 

Chambers 

Cumberland 

Tolland- 

Saline „ 

Williamson 

Cowley 

Worcester- 

Harrison 

Warren 

Chittenden 

5inds 

Washington-.... 

Franklin 

Lemhi 

Van  Buren , 

Van  Buren 

McPherson , 

Lawrence 

Hamilton- 

Murray 

Hampden 

Champaign .-..., 

Benning^ton 

Fannin 

St.  Louis , 

Washington-.... 

Adams 

Howard- 

Bansom 

Hart 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Richland 

Boone 

Pottawattamie. . 

Columbia. 

Boone 


Crawford.. 

Dubois 

Harrison... 
Madison... 

Porter 

Warrick..., 

Boone 

Dallas 

Hamilton.. 

Wright 

Wexford .. 

Bates 

Crawford.. 
Douglas.... 
Franklin.. 

Greene 

Maries 

Texas 

Wright 

Davidson.. 
Watauga.. 
Watauga.. 

Boone 

Logan 

Warrick... 

Dallas 

Owsley 

Prentiss.... 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Clinton.-.. 
Johnson ... 
ReoTille... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


S.C 

Mo 

Ill 

Mo 

Idaho.. 
Ohio.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ala 

Cal 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  T-.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Tenn... 
W.Va.. 
Tex-.... 

Me 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan-.. 
Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  T-... 

Vt 

Miss...., 
Wis.-.., 

N.  Y 

Idaho.., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Minn ... 
Mass..., 

Ill 

Vt- 

Tex-.... 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Mo 

Dak.-... 

Ky 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill , 

111 

Iowa..., 
Ark.-... 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 

Ark 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Miss-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.C 

Minn ... 


364 
1,337 
1,177 


995 
1,344 


6,183 


625 
776 


969 
413 
298 
889 


676 


1,014 


1,136 
711 


1,488 
1*34*1 


1,087 


928 
6,162 


1,249 


1,005 


891 
1,164 

611 

827 
1,636 
1,262 

494 


1,870 
1,078 
1,216 
4,042 
2,416 

652 
1,837 

146 


1,267 
839 
480 

1,665 

1,692 
692 
323 
123 

1,311 
737 


1,618 


1,039 


111 

458 

4,106 

1,418 


1,445 


892 

1,605 

1,230 

72 

1,899 

1,617 

346 

4,321 

36 

719 

995 

807 

180 

1,029 

664 

378 

1,043 

822 

451 

81 

612 

123 

214 

1,015 

903 

36 

1,132 

674 

440 

119 

1,644 

362 

1,262 

689 

424 

1,269 

392 

326 

781 

49 

123 

1,880 

7,043 

40 

112 

1,786 

196 

180 

1,024 

70 

1,246 

1,102 

870 

1,111 

1,429 

1,440 

699 

1,138 

2,097 

1,308 

1,479 

4,668 

3,330 

938 

2,813 

209 

115 

1,498 

1,117 

482 

2,221 

2,160 

891 

399 

984 

1,624 

1,289 

167 

1,438 

275 

1,182 

116 

201 

603 

3,996 

1,677 

131 

2,283 

464 


Place. 


Boonsborough p.T. 

Boonsborough p.T. 

Boonsborough p.h. 

Boon's  Lick tp. 

Boon's  Station tp. 

BooDton tp. 

Boonton p.T. 

Boonville tp. 

Boonville c. 

Boonville tp. 

Boonville p.h. 

Boothbay- tp. 

Booth  Comer p.v. 

BoothsTille p.T. 

Bordeaux p.tp. 

Bordell , ▼. 

Borden p.T. 

Borden's  Shaft t. 

Borden  town tp. 

Bordentown b. 

Bordley p.T, 

Borodino  - p.T. 

Borough tp. 

Boscawen tp. 

Boscobel p.T. 

Boscobel tp, 

Boscobel p.T. 

Boston p.T. 

Boston tp. 

Boston.- pj), 

Boston.- T, 

Boston.- ▼. 

Boston.- b. 

Boston.- T. 

Boston  •. c, 

Boston.- tp. 

Boston.- T. 

Boston.- 

Boston 

Boston.- 

Boston 

Boston.- 

Boston 

Boston  Run. 

Boswell 

Botkins 

Bottle  Bun.. 
Bottatown ... 

BouckTille »p.T. 

Boulder „..p.T. 

Boulder. tp. 

Boulder  Valley p.T. 

Boulware- tp. 

Boundary p.h. 

Bound  Brook. p.T. 

Bourbois tp. 

Bourbon ^. 

Bourbon p.T. 

Bourbon tp. 

Bourbon ~..p.T. 

Bourbon* tp. 

Bourbon ....tp. 

Bourbon p.T. 

Bourbon ....tp. 

Bourbonnais tp. 

Bourbonnais  QroTO.p.T. 

BourneTille- »...p.T. 

Bovina p.tp. 

Bo  Vina tp. 

Bovine  Bend ....p.h. 

Bow p,tp. 

Bow  Creek.- ..tp. 

Bow  Creek ..tp. 

Bowdoin tp. 

Bowdoinham  - tp. 

Bowdoinham.- p.T. 

Bowdon p.T. 

Bowdre tp. 

Bowensburg p.T. 

Bowen's  Prairie-,.. p.h. 

Bowerston p.T. 

Bowers  Mills p.h. 

Bowersville p.T, 

BowersTilIe ....t, 

Bowlan tp. 

Bowling tp. 

Bowling  Green ^. 

Bowling  Green p.v. 

Bowling  Green c. 


County. 


..tp. 

..p.T, 

..h. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

,.p,v. 

.,T. 
.p,T. 

.,p.v. 
..h. 
.».....▼. 


Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Howard 

Howard 

Alamance 

Morris 

Morris 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Yadkin 

Yadkin 

Lincoln 

Delaware 

Marion 

AbbeTille 

McKean 

Fresno 

Alleghany.... 
Burlington... 
Burlington... 

Union 

Onondaga..... 

BeaTer 

Merrimac 

Westchester- 
Grant 


State, 


Population. 


1870,      1880. 


836 


1,686 
1,100 
3,468 


3,200 


Ark., 
Md... 
Mo... 
Mo,.. 
N.C. 
N.J. 
N.J. 

Mo I    6,319 

Mo 3,506 

N.C I     1,058 

N.C 
Me.. 
Pa... 
W,  Va,., 

S.C 

Pa, 

Cal 

Md 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Pa, 

N.H,... 

N.  Y 

Wis 


Grant Wis.. 


Thomas 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Pendleton-.. 

Scott 

Whitley 

Alleghany,,.. 

Suffolk 

Ionia 

Linn 

Erie 

Erie 

Belmont , 

Summit 

Snmmit- 

Bowie 

Schuylkill.... 

Benton 

Shelby 

Alleghany..., 

York 

Madison , 

Boulder- 

Linn- 

Jefferson 

Gasconade.... 

Jay 

Somerset 

Gasconade.... 

Douglas. 

Douglas 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Boone 

Callaway 

Crawford 

Knox 

Kankakee.... 
Kankakee.,.. 

Ross 

Delaware 

Outagamie ... 

Austin 

Merrimac ..... 

Phillips. 

Rooks 

Sagadahoc.... 
Sagadahoc... 
Sagadahoc,,,, 

Carroll 

Donglas 

Hancock 

Jones- 

Harrison 

Lawrence 

Greene 

Berks 

Shannon 

Rock  Island.. 

Fayette 

Clay 

Warren^ 


Ga 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

Ky 

Md 

Mass..,, 
Mich.,,. 

Mo 

N.  Y..,. 
N.  Y..„ 
Ohio-,, 
Ohio.,,. 
Ohio..,, 

Tex 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio,.,, 

Md 

Pa. 

N.  Y...., 

Col 

Iowa.,,. 
Mon-„. 

Mo 

Ind 

N.J 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Wis.-... 

Tex 

N.H — 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.,,, 

Ohio 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 


126 
2,232 


6,041 


379 
1,637 


1,660 
1,609 


804 


260,526 
1,947 


1,633 


1,142 


343 
937 


656 

800 

1,467 


2,794 

874 

2,384 

1,590 


2,068 


208 

1,022 

437 


746 


1,345 
1,804 


360 
1,313 


193 


166 
952 

1,097 
606 

4,674 


289 

869 

126 

2,008 

1,150 

2,682 

2,277 

6,605 

3,854 

1,183 

46 

3,675 

69 

134 

2,749 

364 

203 

289 

6,334 

4,268 

112 

160 

376 

1,381 

146 

1,616 

1,428 

366 

936 

137 

202 

487 

127 

100 

362,839 

2,214 

76 

1,617 

226 

99 

1,221 

130 

267 

369 

830 

314 

93 

308 

204 

3,069 

1,027 

214 

1,074 

69 

934 

1,076 

1,461 

83 

3,199 

1,066 

2,832 

1,683 

31 

800 

1,689 

496 

200 

1,022 

69U 

100 

734 

479 

331 

1,136 

1,681 

61ft 

333 

1,620 

28» 

87 

320 

69 

84 

192 

239 

850   , 

1,447 

672 

6,114 


'  Area  reduced  in  1876. 
«  In  1872,  part  to  Walnut  GroTe. 
*  Since  1870,  there   h»Te  been 
256 


annexed    Brighton    (1873), 
West    Boxbury    (1872-73), 


Charlestown  (1873),  and  part 
of  Brookllne,  1874,   In  1872, 


part  to  Brookllne,  and   in 
1876,  part  to  Newton. 
*  Since  1870,  part  to  Centralia. 


POPULATION  OF   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  (JNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Oonnty. 


Bowling  Green tp. 

Bowling  Greeni....tp. 

Bowling  Green p.T. 

Bowling  Green tp. 

Bowling  Green..  ...tp. 

Bowling  Green p.T. 

Bowling  Qreen p.T, 

Bowlusville p.b 

Bowman tp. 

Bowman's v. 

Bowmansville v. 

Bo  wmanaville p.r, 

Bowne p.tp. 

Box tp. 

Boxlwrough tp. 

Boxford tp. 

Boxville p.b. 

Boyce p.h. 

Boyd tp. 

Boyd's  Switch p.h. 

Boyd's  Town v. 

Boydsville p.v. 

Boydton p.v. 

Boydtown h. 

Boyer tp. 

Boyer tp. 

Boyertown p.v. 

Boyer  Valley tp. 

Boyler's  Mill p.h. 

Boylston tp. 

Boylston p.h. 

Boylston tp. 

Boyne  Falls p.h. 

Boyne  Valley tp. 

Boynton tp. 

Boynton h. 

Boynton p.h. 

Bozeman p.v. 

Bozrah p.tp. 

Bozrahville p.v. 

Braceville tp. 

Braceville p.v. 

Braceville tp. 

Brackettville p.v. 

Braddock p.b. 

Braddyville p.h. 

Braden  Station p.h. 

Bradford. p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford.^ tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford* tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford  Junctlon.v. 

Bradfordsville p.v. 

Bradley tp. 

Bradley tp. 

Bradley  town h. 

BradleyvlUe v. 

Bradner p.v. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady tp. 

Brady p.v. 

Brady v. 

Brady's  Bend tp. 

Brady's  Bend p. v. 

Bradyville p.v. 

Bradyville p.v. 

Braggadocio tp. 

Braidwood c. 

Bruinard p.h. 

Brainard p.v. 


Stote. 


Chariton 

Pettia 

Pike 

Licking 

Marion 

Wood 

Caroline 

Clark 

Sullivan 

Schuylkill , 

Cook « 

Erie , 

Kent 

Cedar 

Middlesex 

Essex 

Union 

Clarke 

Transylvania. 

Jackson 

Bedford , 

Clay , 

Mecklenburg. 
Northumberland. 

Crawford 

Harrison 

Berks 

Sac , 

Morgan 

Worcester 

Worcester. 

Oswego 

Charlevoix 

Charlevoix 

Tazewell 

Clinton 

Sullivan 

Gallatin 

New  London 

New  London 

Grundy.. , 

Grundy , 

Trumbull 

Kinney 

Alleghany 

Page 

Fayette 

White 

Lee , 

Stark 

Chickasaw 

Penobscot 

Penobscot , 

Essex , 

Isanti 

Merrimac 

Merrimac 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Miami , 

Clearfield 

McKean , 

McKean 

Orange 

Orange... , 

Kock , 

Darke , 

Marion , 

Jackson 

Penobscot , 

Venango 

Fairfield 

Wood 

Kalamazoo 

Saginaw 

Williams 

Butler 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Huntingdon , 

Lycoming 

McCuIloch 

Northumberland 

Armstrong 

Armstrong , 

Adams , 

Cannon 

Pemiscot .» 

Will 

Butler , 

Beusselaer 


Mo 

Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Va..... 
Ohio... 
Mo .... 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y.., 
Mich. 
Mo..., 
Mass. 
Mass. 

Ky 

Va.... 
N.  C. 
Ala... 

Pa 

Ark... 
Va.... 

Pa 

Iowa. 
Iowa.... 

Pa. 

Iowa... 
Mo .... 
Mass.. 
Mass.. 
N.  Y... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Mo.... 
Mon..., 
Conn  ... 
Conn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio.... 

Tex 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Tenn  . 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mass... 
Minn .. 
N.  H... 
N.  H... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio..... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis , 

Ohio.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Me 

Pa 

Conn... 

Ohio.... 

Mich.... 

Mich, 

Ohio., 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa..... 
Tex .. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio- 
Tenn 
Mo... 
111-.., 
Neb... 
N.Y., 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880. 


1,496 

2,467 

599 

1,042 

903 

906 

395 

70 

681 


1,275 

1,307 

338 

847 


261 


135 
689 
690 


800 
T,053 


820 


168 
984 


1,188 


954 

232 

1,290 


1,086 

280 

2,076 

1,487 


2,014 

"i',08i 

1,08*6 


409 
1,172 


1,446 
1,492 


1,006 
243 
155 

1.297 


1,382 
471 

1,681 
600 
263 

2,009 
904 
394 


3,619 


90 


1,246 

1,105 

1,067 

992 

1,219 

1,539 

426 

63 

1,080 

238 

837 

120 

1,387 

1,706 

319 

824 

116 

42 

639 

97 

115 

115 

S82 

94 

292 

996 

1,099 

499 

34 

854 

96 

1,283 

187 

451 

840 

61 

86 

894 

1,155 

266 

1,906 

278 

1,019 

1,126 

3,310 

214 

77 

68 

848 

506 

2,297 

1,460 

96 

2,643 

375 

950 

307 

937 

207 

1,373 

1,702 

9,197 

2,699 

1,520 

619 

979 

539 

150 

1,762 

829 

86 

176 

281 

1,456 

1,247 

1,985 

772 

258 

1,888 

909 

447 

115 

306 

2,340 

1,010 

93 

91 

214 

6,624 

61 

83 


Brainardsville v. 

Brainerd „tp. 

Brainerd p.v. 

Braintree tp. 

Braintree p.tp. 

Braintrim tp. 

Braman's  Corner8..p.h. 

Brambleton v. 

Branch- tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch v. 

Branch p.v. 

Branchburg tp. 

Branch  Dale p.v. 

Branch  Hill p.v. 

Branchport -v. 

Branchport p.v. 

Branchville v. 

Branchville p.h. 

Branchville p.v. 

Branchville tp. 

Branchville p.v. 

Branchville p.b. 

Brandenburg p.v. 

Brandon p.b. 

Brandon p.  v. 

Brandon tp. 

Brandon -.p.tp, 

Brandon -.p.v. 

Brandon tp. 

Brandon p.v. 

Brandon tp. 

Brandon p.v. 

Brandonville p.h. 

Brandonville p.v. 

Brandt p.tp, 

Brandt p.v. 

Brandy  Station p.v. 

Brandywlne tp. 

Brandy  wine tp. 

Brandywine p.h. 

Branford tp. 

Brannan tp. 

Brant tp. 

Brantford p.h. 

Brashear -p.v. 

Brasher tp. 

Brasher  Falls p.v. 

Brassfields tp. 

Brass  town tp. 

Brattleborongh  ...-tp. 

Brattleborough p.v. 

Bratton tp. 

Bratton tp. 

Braxton tp. 

Brayton p.h. 

Brazean  * tp. 

Brazil tp. 

Brazil c. 

Brazil p.v. 

Brazoria p.v. 

Breadysville p.h. 

Breaux  Bridge p.v. 

Breckenridge p.v. 

Breckenridge p.h. 

Breckenridge v. 

Breckenridge p.v. 

Breckenridge tp. 

Breckenridge tp. 

Breckenridge p.v. 

Breckenridge p.v. 

Brecknock ,tp. 

Brecknock tp. 

Brecksville tp. 

Brecksville -p.v. 

Breda p.h. 

Breeds p.v. 

Breedsville p.v. 

Breen tp. 

Breese tp. 

Breese -.v. 

Breeeport p.v. 

Breitung tp. 

Bremen p.h. 

Bremen tp. 

Bremen v. 

Bremen p.T. 

Bremen p.T. 


County. 


Lafayette 

Crow  Wing 

Crow  Wing 

Norfolk 

Orange 

Wyoming 

Schenectady 

Norfolk 

Stanislaus 

Marion 

Mason 

Chisago 

Schuylkill 

Providence 

Manitowoc 

Somerset 

Schuylkill 

Clermont 

Monmouth 

Yates - 

Mitchell 

Perry 

Sussex 

Orangeburg 

Orangeburg 

Milam 

Meade 

DeKalb 

Buchanan 

Jackson 

Oakland 

Bankin 

Franklin 

Knox 

Butland 

Fond  du  Lac 

Schuylkill 

Preston 

Erie 

Miami 

Culpeper 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Prince  George's.. 

New  Haven 

Price 

Saginaw 

Washington 

Adair 

St;  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Granville 

Clay 

Windham 

Windham 

Adams 

Mifflin 

Colleton 

Audubon 

Perry _ 

Clay 

Clay 

Gibson 

Brazoria 

Bucks 

St  Martins 

Summit 

Sangamon 

Hairison 

Gratiot-. «... 

Wilkin 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Stephens 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga. 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Van  Buren 

Menominee 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Chemung 

Menominee 

Cullman 

Cook 

Cook 

Randolph 

Marshall 


State. 


La. 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Maw..... 

Vt- 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Va 

Cal 

Kan  -... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

R.  I 

Wis. 

N.  J 

Pa. 

Ohio 

N.  J 

N.Y 

Qa 

Ind 

N.  J...- 

8.  C 

8.  C 

Tex 

Ky 

Ala 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Mich..., 

Miss 

N.  Y 

Ohio-.. 

Vt 

Wis 

Pa 

W.  Va.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Va 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Conn  .. 

Wis 

Mich... 
Kan-.. 

Mo 

N.Y.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C-.., 

Vt , 

Vt 

Ohio-.., 

Pa. 

8.  C.-... 
Iowa..., 

Mo 

Ind 

Ind 

Tenn ... 

Tex 

Pa. , 

L*. 

Col 

Ill 

Ind...... 

Mich..., 
Minn.., 

Mo , 

Mo 

Tex.-.., 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y 

Mich.... 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind...... 


PopaUtioD. 


1870.      1880, 


8,948 

1,066 

620 


787 


1,200 


1,339 
366 


427 


1,103 

1,284 

756 

692 


3,671 


100 

1,369 

240 


1,061 
1.224 


2,488 

'■■jai 


3,342 
450 

3,016 
396 

4,933 


862 
1,971 


2,281 
2,772 
2,186 


726 


1,336 
616 


813 
1,600 
1,007 


1,612 
489 
292 


1,601 
164 


78 

2,319 

1,866 

3,856 

1,061 

670 

67 

638 

609 

1,131 

400 

191 

986 

178 

77 

1,316 

787 

71 

261 

271 

48 

28 

496 

2,010 

617 

32 

'687 

37 

170 

1,080 

1,367 

864 

816 

96 

3,280 

601 

142 

107 

1,627 

241 

201 

1,216 

1,400 

00 

3,047 

278 

860 

46 

164 

3,678 

613 

2,688 

607 

6,880 

4,471 

1,063 

1,028 

2,317 

38 

1,676 

4,346 

3,441 

136 

676 

42 

443 

1,667 

67 

60 

237 

436 

1,704 

777 

497 

923 

1,663 

1,095 

116 

109 

207 

300 

546 

1,7:« 

674 

420 

4,669 

61 

1,66S 

210 

82 

IflU 


1  Since  187),  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870.  area  rodaecd. 


267 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Bremen p.T, 

Bremen tp. 

Bremen p.T, 

Bremer tp. 

Bremond p.T. 

Brenbam.. p.T. 

Brenton tp. 

Brentwood p.tp. 

Brentwood p.T. 

Breslau p.T. 

Brest - h. 

Breton  1 tp. 

Bretzrille p.b. 

Brevard h. 

Brevard p.v. 

Brewer tp. 

Brewer p.v. 

Brewerton p.v. 

Brewerville t. 

Brewington tp. 

Brewster tp. 

Briar  Creek tp. 

Brick tp. 

Brick  Chapel p.h. 

Brickervllle p.T. 

Brick  Meeting-Honse. 
p.v. 

Bricksborough v. 

Bridgeborough p.v. 

Bridge  Creek* tp. 

Bridgehampton tp. 

Bridgebampton p.v. 

Bridge[>ort tp. 

Bridgeport c. 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridgeport p.v, 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport .v. 

Bridgeport b. 

Bridgeport p.b. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport p.h. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridges tp. 

Bridgeton p.v. 

Bridgeton tp. 

Bridgeton p.v. 

Bridgeton tp. 

Bridgeton p.v. 

Bridgeton c. 

Bridgeton b. 


County. 


State. 


,.p.h. 
.p.h. 
..p.h. 

..p.T. 
..p.h. 
.p.T 


Bridgetown.. 
Bridgetown.., 
Bridge  vllle... 
Bridgeville... 
Bridgeville... 
Bridgeville... 

Bridgewater p.tp, 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.v. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.v. 

Bridgewater p.tp, 

Bridgewater b. 

Bridgewater p.h. 

Bridgewater h. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.v. 

Bridgewater p.v. 

Bridgewater     Cor- 
ners  p.h. 

Bridgman p.T. 

Bridport tp. 


Muhlenburg. .. 

Lincoln  

Fairfield 

Delaware 

Robertson 

Washington.... 

Ford 

Bockingbam  .. 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Honroe„ 

Washing^n-.. 

Dubois 

Gaston 

Transylvania., 

Penobflcot 

Penobscot 

Onondaga. 

Sumter , 

Clarendon 

Barnstable .... 

Columbia .. 

Ocean 

Putnam 

Lancaster 


Cecil 

Cumberland 

Burlington 

Eau  Claire 

Sanilac 

Suffolk 

Nevada 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Lawrence.. 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Franklin 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Warren 

Gloucester 

Madison 

Queens 

Belmont. 

Carbon 

Fayette  ~ 

Montgomery.... 
Westmoreland.. 

Newport 

Wise 

Harrison 

Crawford 

Ozark 

Parke.. 

Cnmberland~... 

Cumberland 

Newaygo 

St.  Louis 

Cumberland 

Bucks 

Caroline 

Northampton... 

Humboldt.. 

Sussex 

Muskingum..... 

Alleghany 

Litchfield 

Clay 

Aroostook 

Plymouth^ 

Plymouth 

Washtenaw ..... 

Rice 

Grafton  » 

Somerset 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Williams 

Beaver 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Susquehanna... 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Rockingham.... 


Windsor. 
Berrien .. 

Addison.. 


Ky 

iMe.... 
Ohio.. 
Iowa. 

Tex 

Tex 

Ill 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  T 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ind 

N.C 

N.  0 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y 

Ala 

S.C 

Mass.... 

Pa 

N.  J 

Ind 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Md , 

N.  J.„... 

N.  J 

Wis 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Conn..., 
Conn..., 

Ill 

Ill , 

Iowa..., 

Ky 

Mich..., 
Mich._, 

Mo 

N.  J.«.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

E.  I 

Tex 

W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Mo 

Ind , 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.J...., 

Pa 

Md , 

Va 

Cal 

Del 

Ohio 

Pa , 

Conn..., 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mass. ... 
Mich..., 
Minn... 
N.  H..., 

N.J , 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 


Vt 

Mich. 
Vt 


797 
265 
821 


2,221 

1,073 

895 


2,396 


3,214 


199 
1,259 
1,077 
2,724 


1,538 

936 

1,334 

1,829 

18,969 

866 


436 


1,171 
"822 
"217 


1,178 


1,199 
1,678 


632 
2^686 
"'397 


6,830 
944 


46 


605 
3,660 


1.379 

957 

453 

6,883 

1,258 

230 

1,207 

1,119 


1,459 
1,141 


1,171 


98 

839 

248 

993 

758 

4,101 

1,342 

999 

125 

606 

130 

2,591 

32 

75 

223 

3,170 

1,408 

305 

123 

508 

1,144 

1,172 

2,990 

46 

127 

132 

129 

400 

1,894 

1,634 

1,253 

2,116 

27,643 

1,505 

890 

450 

74 

90 

1,644 

239 

1,2-36 

441 

212 

122 

2,395 

158 

1,134 

1,802 

635 

213 

39 

395 

448 

1,141 

121 

2,863 

1,418 

388 

197 

8,722 

1,058 

64 

38 

25 

398 

34 

147 

708 

408 

722 

3,620 

392 

1,255 

1,683 

384 

7,997 

1,218 

224 

1,398 

1,112 

50 

91 

1,517 

1,084 

239 

390 

86 

194 

1,167 


Place. 


Bridport 

Briensburg 

Brier  Hill 

Briggsville 

Briggsville 

Brigham  City„.. 
Brigham  City.... 

Brighton.^ 

Brighton 

Brighton.- 

Brighton... 

Brighton  _ 

Brighton.. 

Brighton- 

Brighton- 

Brighton- 

Brighton 

Brighton- 

Brighton- 

Brighton- 

Brighton  - 

Brighton- 

Brighton- 

Brighton  - , 

Brighton 

Brighton- 

Brighton 

Brighton- 

Brighton 

Brighton 

Brighton 

Bright  Star 

Brightsville 

Bright«viUe-.... 
Bright  wood-.... 

Brillion 

Brillion 

Brimfield 

Brimfield 

Brimfield 

Brimfield 

Brimfield- , 

Brimfield 

Brimfield , 

Brindletown...., 

Bringhnrat 

Briukley 

BrinkleyviUe-.. 

Brisben 

Bristol 

Bristol , 

Bristol- 

Bristol- 

Bristol.- , 

Bristol* 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol.- , 

Bristol.- 

Bristol.- 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol— 

Bristol 

BristoL 

Bristol.- 

Bristol 

Bristol.- 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Bristol  Station.. 

Bristolville , 

Bristow 

British  Hollow., 

Britt 

Britt 

Britton's  Neck.. 

Britt's 

Broadalbin 

Broad  Bay 

Broad  Brook...., 

Broad  Creek 

Broadhead , 

Broadkiln 

Broad  River 

Broad  River 


..p.h. 
..p.v. 
..p.h. 
,.h. 

,.p.T. 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 
..tp. 


..p.T. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.h. 

..tp. 

,..p.T. 

...tp. 

..tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.T. 

...h. 

...T. 

..p.tp. 

-.tp. 

,..p.h 

..  p.T. 

,..tp. 

..p.tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.h, 

...tp. 

...p.h, 

-.p.T. 

..tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

,..tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.h. 

...p.tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.tp, 

..p.h. 
...tp. 

...p.T. 

..tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

..tp. 

...p.T. 

..tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.tp, 

..p.tp, 


..tp. 

..p.b. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..p.h. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.tp, 

..tp. 

...p.tp, 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

..hud. 

..p.T. 

..hnd. 

..tp. 

..tp. 


County. 


Addison- , 

Marshall 

St.  Lawrence 

Berkshire , 

Marquette 

Apache 

Box  Elder , 

Sacramento.-... 

Cook 

Macoupin 

Macoupin- 

Cass 

Washington 

Washington , 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Nicollet 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe- 

Clark 

Cnyahoga 

Lorain 

Beaver 

Hampton 

Tipton 

Essex- 

Kenosha 

Marathon- 

Miller 

Marlborough... 
Marlborough... 

Marion .- 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Peoria 

Peoria. 

Noble 

Hampden- 

Hampden  - 

Portage- 

Portage- 

Burke 

Carroll 

Monroe 

Hali&x  - 

Chenango  - 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Elkhart 

Greene 

Worth 

Lincoln  

Anne  Arundel- 
Fillmore 

Lincoln  

Grafton— 

Grafton 

Ontario.- 

Morgan- 

Perry 

Trumbull 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Bristol 

Sullivan 

Addison 

Addison 

Dane 

Kenosha 

Kenosha 

Kendall 

Trumbull 

Butler 

Grant 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Marion 

Robeson 

Fulton 

Forsyth 

Hartford 

Sussex 

Bock  Castle 

Sussex 

McDowell 

Lexington 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Vt-.. 
Ky.. 

N.  Y. 

Mass 

Wis. 

Arizona 

Utah 

Cal... 

111.... 

111-., 

111.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich., 
Mich., 
Minn, 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio- 
Ob  io„ 
Ohio- 
Pa 

8.C..., 
Tenn 

Vt 

Wis.- 
Wis.-, 
Ark.- 
S.C... 
S.  0... 
Ind... 
Wis-. 
Wis.- 
111..... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Mass. 
Mass. 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
N.0-. 
Ind... 
Ark.- 
N.  C... 
N.  Y.. 
Conn.... 
Conn..., 

Ill 

111. 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Me 

Md 

Minn ... 

Nev 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Tenn..., 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill , 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Iowa..,, 
Iowa..., 

S.C 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Conn.... 

Del 

Ky 

Del 

N.  C 

S.C 


1,315 
909 


337 

1,384 

785 

627 


1,440 
454 


204 
4,304 


608 
844 


1,636 
1,186 


867 


672 
T,6i7 


1,288 
"918 


2,967 
3,788 
T,36'2 

"m 


603 
2,916 


933 
1,416 


1,651 
1, 


3,269 
2,040 
5,302 


1,274 
1,140 


884 
1,169 
2,492 

993 


3,480 


2,419 

399 

1,116 


1  In  1872,  part  to  Walton. 
258 


•  since  1870,  area  reduced 


»  In  1871,  from  part  of  Kendrick. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


County. 


Broad  River tp. 

Broad  Top tp. 

Broad  Top p.b. 

Broadway p.v. 

Broadway tp. 

Broadway  Depot...p.T. 

Broadwell tp. 

Broadwell p.T. 

Brockport p.v. 

Brockton tp. 

Brockton p.T. 

Brockway .....tp. 

Brockway p.v. 

Brockway p.tp. 

Brockway  Centre..p.v. 

Brock  wayvllle p.v. 

Brodhead p.v. 

Brogden tp. 

Brogueville p.h. 

Broken  Straw tp. 

Brompton h. 

Bronson p.v. 

Bronson tp. 

Bronson p.v. 

Bronson tp. 

Bronxville p.v. 

Brookdale tp. 

Brookfield ^. 

Brookfleld tp. 

Brookfield p.h. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfleld tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfleld tp. 

Brookfleld tp. 

Brookfield p.v. 

Brookfield p.tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfleld tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield p.v. 

Brookfleld p.tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfleld tp. 

Brookhaven p.v. 

Brookhaven tp. 

Brookhaven p.v. 

Brooking tp. 

Brooklin tp. 

Brookline p.tp. 

Brookllue p.tp. 

Brookline tp. 

Brookline p.tp. 

Brooklina^Station.p.h. 

Brooklyn p.h. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn h. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.b. 

Brooklyn .p.v. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.h. 

Brooklyn h. 

Brooklyn c. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brook  Neal. p.v. 

Brooks M....~p.v. 

Brooks tp. 

Brooks ..>^. 

Brooks p.h. 

Brooks .tp. 

Brooksbnrg. h. 

Brookside tp. 

Brookside h. 

Brookside p.v. 

Brookston p.v. 

Brookston ...., p.v. 

BrooksviUe p.v. 

BrooksviUe p.tp. 

BrAokvale v 


York 

Bedford 

Huntingdon.... 

Warren , 

Anderson 

Rockingham .. 

Logan 

Logan 

Monroe 

Plymouth 

ChButanqoa.... 

StfClair 

St.  Clair 

Steams 

St.  Clair 

Jefferson 

Green 

Wayne 

York 

Warren 

Delta 

Levy 

Branch 

Branch... 

Huron 

Westchester... 

Bush 

Fairfleld 

La  Salle 

Shelby 

Clinton 

Worth 

Worcester.  .... 

Eaton 

Huron 

Renville 

Linn 

Linn 

Carroll 

Madison 

Noble 

Trumbull.. 

Trumbull 

Tioga 

Orange 

Waukesha. 

Lincoln 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Jackson 

Hancock 

Norfolk 

Hillsborough.. 

Greene 

Windham 

Greene 

Conecuh 

Alameda 

Windham„ 

Lee _ 

Lee 

Schuyler 

Schuyler , 

Morgan 

Poweshiek 

Jackson 

Hennepin^ 

Harrison 

Gloucester 

Kings 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga , 

Susquehanna.. 
Susquehanna.. 

Green 

Green  Lake.... 

Campbell 

Adams 

Buena  Vista.., 

Waldo , 

Waldo 

Newaygo 

Jefferson 

Clinton 

Middleaex 

Morris 

White 

Forest 

Bracken 

Hancock 

Fayette  _ 


State. 


8.  C 

Pa 

Pa- 

N.J 

S.C 

Va. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

N.Y 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  C 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Fla 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Kan ... . 
Conn ... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis 

Miss 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Me 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


N.  H.... 

Mo 

Vt 

Mo 

Ala 

Cal 

Conn  ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Mich.  .. 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Va 

Iowa ... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Ill 

Mass.... 
N.  J„... 

Ind 

Pa» 

Ky 

Me 

Pa» 


1,455 

1,626 

327 


1,378 


920 

194 

2,817 

8,007 

329 

1,330 

"478 


1,648 


1,048 


2,100 


980 


1,193 
1,230 


1,040 

274 

2,527 

1,057 

116 


2,321 
402 
416 

3,565 
978 

2,657 


885 
1,269 
2,281 
1,614 
10,159 


966 

6,650 

741 


2,816 
2,364 
1,235 


1,071 


971 

644 

1,024 


396,099 

3,712 

648 

1,128 


1,111 
1,339 


71 
868 


974 


991 


406 


348 
1,276 


2,246 

1,446 

298 

203 

1,903 

323 

866 

214 

4,039 

13,608 

288 

1,839 

126 

743 

352 

360 

1,254 

3,632 

46 

1,212 

94 

381 

2,116 

826 

1,092 

395 

504 

1,152 

1,087 

41 

1,037 

616 

2,820 

1,425 

432 

178 

3,133 

2,264 

428 

3,685 

1,000 

2,559 

296 

910 

1,239 

2,096 

1,615 

11,544 

182 

1,247 

977 

8,057 

698 

1,822 

205 

143 

67 

7,484 

2,308 

1,296 

82 

1,134 

136 

244 

1,2.34 

470 

1,060 

71 

146 

666,663 

4,433 

1,295 

1,100 

156 

1,176 

1,364 

160 

227 

223 

877 

170 

1,497 

148 

951 

86 

187 

661 

276 

378 

1,419 

168 


Place. 


Brookville tp. 

Brookvllle tp. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookvllle p.b. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville tp. 

Brookvllle p.v. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville p.b. 

Broome tp. 

Broomfield tp. 

Brother's  Valley  ...tp. 

Brothertown »tp. 

Brothertown p.h. 

Broughton p.b. 

Broughton tp. 

Brouillett's  Creek.tp. 

Browers tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown  » tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown„ tp. 

Brown._ tp. 

Brown.„ „ tp. 

Brown.- tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brownfleld tp. 

Brownfield p.v. 

Brownhelm tp. 

Browning tp. 

Browning tp. 

Browning p.v. 

Browning p.v. 

Browning v. 

Brownings  ville p.h. 

Brownington v. 

Brownington p.tp. 

Brownmarsh tp. 

Bro  w  nsbo  rough ...  .p.v. 

Brownsburg p.v. 

Brownsburg p.v. 

Brown's  Comers. ..p.h. 

Brown's  Creek tp. 

Brownsdale p.v. 

Browns  Grove tp. 

Browns  Grove p.h. 

Brown's  Station. ...p.h. 
Brown's  Summit...p.h. 

Brownstown v. 

Brownstown p.v. 

Brownstown tp. 

Brownstown p.v. 

Brownstown tp. 

Brownstown h. 

Brownstown v.    ' 

Brownstown h. 

Brownstown p.v. 

Brown's  Valley p.v. 

Brown's  Valley p.v. 

Brown's  Valley tp. 

Brown's  Valley. .—h. 

Brownsville tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville p.h. 

Brownsville p.h. 

Brownsville! tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville v. 

Brownsville p.v, 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville v. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville p.b. 


County. 


Ogle 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Saline 

Montgomery.. 

Redwood 

Noxubee 

Montgomery .. 

Jefferson 

Schoharie 

Isabella- 

Somerset 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Hamilton 

Livingston.... 

Edgar 

Randolph 

Columbia 

Champaign.... 

Hancock 

Hendricks 

Martin 

Montgomery . 

Morgan 

Ripley 

Washington... 

Linn 

Edwards 

Manistee 

Carroll... 

Darke 

Delaware- 

Franklin 

Knox 

Miami 

Paulding 

Vinton 

Lycoming 

Mifflin 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Lorain 

Franklin 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Linn 

Sullivan 

Montgomery . 

Henry 

Orleans 

Bladen  

Oldham 

Hendricks 

Rockbridge.... 
Huntington-. 

Jewell 

Mower 

Pawnee- 

Pawnee 

Boone 

Guilford. 

New  Castle..., 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wayne.- 

Brown 

Indiana. 

Lancaster-.... 

Kanawha 

Yuba 

Montgomery. 

Big  Stone 

Traverse 

Union 

Union 

Edmondson  -. 
Piscataquis  ... 
Piscataquis.... 
Washington... 

Cass 

Houston 

Houston 

Hinds «... 

Saline 

Licking 

Monroe- 

Linn 

Fayette- 


State. 


Popaladon. 


1870.      1880. 


746 
4,207 


201 


1,942 
1,834 
118 
1,697 
1.605 


111 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Kan.... 

Md 

Minn... 

Miss 

Ohio.... 

Pa. 

N.Y-.. 
Mich... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C... 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind ;    1,621 

Iowa.... '     1,681 

Kan. 

Mich  ...  j        459 

Ohio-... '    2,022 


823 
1,086 

781 
1,090 

486 
1,329 
1,233 
1,048 
2,126 
1,673 
2,234 


Ohio. 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Me... 
Me... 
Ohio. 
111.... 
111.... 
111..., 
Mo.. 
Mo.. 
Md., 
Mo.. 
Vt... 
N.  0-... 

Ky 

Ind 

Va 

Ind 

Kan-... 
Minn ... 
Kan-... 
Kan-... 

Mo 

N.  0-... 

Del 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Ohio..... 

Pa 

Pa 

W.Va.- 

Cal 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Minn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Me. 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Oregon. 
Pa 


1,239 
1,108 

819 
1,242 
1,639 
1,140 
1,297 

347 
1,192 
1,323 


1,461 

1,036 

2,139 

214 


901 

800 


651 


2,680 

672 

2,037 


900 
320 


860 


1,689 
626 


384 
120 


1,749 


786 

4,316 

1,813 

61 

611 

206 

328 

284 

674 

2,136 

1,636 

292 

1,664 

1,752 

58 

200 

1,010 

1,417 

1,047 

1,206 

1,119 

1,400 

1,322 

1,234 

2,338 

1,651 

2,067 

1,463 

1,409 

360 

6.33 

2,305 

1,909 

1,178 

982 

1,162 

1,863 

1,468 

1,241 

296 

1,376 

1,229 

269 

1,497 

1,111 

1,628 

230 

187 

93 

64 

261 

854 

993 

142 

667 

220 

81 

666 

346 

670 

41 

65 

94 

693 

121 

3,166 

849 

2,667 

49 

243 

200 

273 

168 

83 

336 

64 

1,197 

308 

116 

896 

374 

68 

89 

70« 

Kfl 

100 

1,182 

280 

84 

143 

1,489 


1  In  1870,  inclading  Brownsville  Villace. 


259 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County, 


BrownsTille tp. 

Brownsville p.tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville p.h. 

Brownton p.h. 

Browntown p.v, 

Brownville v. 

Brownville p.h. 

Brownville p.v. 

Brownville tp. 

Brownville p.v, 

Brownville v. 

Brownville h. 

Brownwood p.v. 

Bruce tp. 

Bruce tp. 

Bruce tp. 

Bruce >tp, 

Bruceton  Mills p.h. 

Brucetown v. 

Bruceville p.v. 

Bruceville v. 

Brumley p.h. 

Brundidge p.v. 

Brunersburg. p.h. 

Brunnerville p.v. 

Bruno tp. 

Bmnot p.h. 

Brunson p.v. 

Brunswick p.v. 

Brunswick p.h. 

Brunswick tp. 

Brunswick p.v. 

Brunswick  1 tp. 

Brunswick p.v. 

Brunswick tp. 

Brunswick tp. 

Bru  ns  wick p.tp, 

Brunswick  2 tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek p.v. 

Brush  Creek p.tp. 

Brush  Creek tp, 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek* tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek p.tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brnshland p.v. 

Brush  Landing v. 

Bnishton p.v. 

Bmshton v. 

Brushtown v. 

Brush  Valley tp. 

Brushy  Creek p.tp. 

Brushy  Mound tp. 

Brushy  Mountain...tp. 

Brussels p.tp. 

Brutus tp. 

Bryan  tp. 

Bryan p.v. 

Bryansville p.h. 

Bryant p.v. 

Bryant p.h. 

Bryant p.v. 

Bryant tp. 

Bryantsburg p.h. 

Bryant's  Pond p.v. 

Bryan  tsville p.v. 

Bryants  ville p.v. 

Bryan  tsville p.h. 

Buchanan p.v. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan h. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan p.v. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan v. 

Buchanan p.v. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchtel p.v. 

Buck tp. 

Buck tp. 

Buck*... tp. 


State. 


Fayette 

Marlborough.. 

Cameron 

Windsor 

McLeod 

Warren 

Lee 

Mitchell 

Nemaha.. 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Ashtabula. 

Lebanon 

Brown 

La  Salle 

Benton 

Macomb 

Guilford 

Preston 

Clarke 

Knox 

Carroll 

Miller 

Pike 

Defiance 

Lancaster 

Butler 

Wayne 

Hampton 

Glynn 

Lake 

Cumberland... 
Cumberland.. 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Bensselaer 

Medina 

Essex 

Eau  Claire 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Faribault 

Gasconade 

Wright 

Yancey 

Highland 

Jefferson 

Muskingum... 

Scioto 

Fulton 

Delaware 

West  BatonRouge 

Franklin 

Alleghany 

Cumberland.., 

Indiana 

Anderson , 

Macoupin 

Wilkes 

Door 

Cayuga 

Surry , 

Williams 

York , 

Fulton 

Jay' 

Clinton 

Graham 

Jefferson 

Oxford 

Lawrence 

Garrard , 

Plymouth 

Haralson 

Jefferson 

Page 

Taylor , 

Berrien 

Berrien... 

Atchison 

Douglas 

Sullivan- 

Pike 

Botetourt 

Outagamie.... 

Athens 

Edgar 

Hardin 

Luzerne 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Pa 

S.  C... 
Tex ... 

Vt 

Minn 
Va.... 

Ala 

Iowa..... 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
N.C.„... 
W.  Va.« 

Va 

Ind 

Md 

Mo« 

Ala 

Ohio 

Pa 

Kan 

Mo 

S.C 

Ga 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Vt 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

La. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

8.C 

Ill 

N.  C 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ind 

Me 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass...., 

Ga 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo 

Ohio...., 

Va., 

Wis 

Ohio...., 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 


286 
1,597 
4,905 


1,305 

3,219 

450 


1,921 

667 

2,145 

1,034 


2,348 


4,687 

1,449 

4,576 

1,645 

8,128 

980 

221 

575 

1,470 


422 
666 


495 
1,601 

697 
1,292 
1,410 

876 


1,606 
1,753 


434 

406 

2,621 

1,032 

2,284 


1,499 
771 


2,867 

1,702 

905 

430 

1,104 


823 


794 

1,259 

674 


246 

1,938 

4,938 

48 

76 

142 

2,224 

65 

1,309 

2,624 

409 

127 

70 

726 

6,508 

774 

2,103 

918 

84 

198 

258 

76 

37 

387 

189 

135 

634 

19 

167 

2,891 

88 

6,384 

2,410 

4,164 

1,801 

3,402 

943 

193 

898 

1,582 

417 

661 

683 

666 

395 

1,661 

623 

1,210 

2,093 

820 

140 

216 

328 

165 

193 

1,365 

2,459 

917 

684 

999 

2,736 

1,295 

2,952 

45 

449 

189 

125 

285 

89 

211 

62 

119 

124 

158 

1,218 

1,044 

74 

2,898 

1,894 

757 

588 

995 

71 

414 

1,010 

417 

903 

1,610 

173 


Place. 


Buck  Creek tp. 

Buckeye tp. 

Buckeye tp. 

Buckeye tp. 

Buckeye tp. 

Buckeystown p.v. 

Buckfleld tp. 

Buckhannon p.v. 

Buckhart tp. 

Buckhart tp. 

Buck  Horn tp. 

Buckhom tp. 

Buckhorn tp. 

Buck  Horn p.v. 

Buckingham tp. 

Buckingham p.tp, 

Buckingham tp. 

Buckland tp. 

Buckland p.v. 

Buckland p.h. 

Buckley p.v. 

Bucklin tp. 

Bucklin p.v. 

Buckman tp. 

Buck  Mountain p.v. 

Buckner p.v. 

Buck  Prairie' tp. 

Bucks tp. 

Bucks tp. 

Buckshoal tp. 

Buckskin- tp. 

Bucksport tp. 

Bucksport tp. 

Bucksport p.v. 

Bucyrus tp. 

Bucyrus p.v. 

Bnda p.v. 

Buel p.tp. 

Buell's  Lowell v. 

Buena  Vista. tp. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista. p.v. 

Buena  Vista. p.v. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista. p.h, 

Buena  Vista v. 

Buena  Vista h. 

Buena  Vista. tp. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista v. 

Buena  Vista v. 

Buena  Vista. p.v. 

Buena  Vista p.v 

Buena  Vista..... h. 

Buena  Vista p.tp. 

Buena  Vista. tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo c. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo™ tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo* tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 


County. 


State. 


Hancock 

Yolo 

Stephenson 

Hardin 

Dickinson 

Frederick 

Oxford 

Upshur 

Christian 

Fulton 

Brown ^.. 

Harnett 

Wake 

Columbia 

Tama 

Bucks 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Auglaize 

Prince  William. 

Iroquois 

Linn 

Linn 

Morrison 

Carbon 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Tuscarawas 

Horry 

Yadkin 

Ross 

Humboldt 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Crawford 

Crawford... 

Bureau 

Sanilac 

Washington 

Columbia 

Stanislaus 

Chaffee 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Stephenson 

Hamilton 

Randolph 

Clayton 

Jasper 

Saginaw 

Atlantic 

Fayette 

Scioto 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Grant 

Portage 

Richland 

Craighead  - 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Sangamon 

Buchanan 

Linn 

Scott 

Scott 

Barton 

Cloud 

Jewell 

Wright 

Wright 

Dallas 

Dunklin 

McDonald 

Morgan 

Newton 

Pike 

Erie 

Caldwell 

Noble 

Butler 

Perry 

Union 

Washington 

Kershaw 

Leon 

Putnam 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 


1870.      1880, 


Ind.. 

Cal... 

111..., 

Iowa.... 

Kan. 

Md 

Me 

W.  Va... 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

N.C 

N.  0. 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mass.... 

Ohio 

Va 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Minn ... 

Pa. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

8.C 

N.C 

Ohio 

Cal 

Me 

Me 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ark 

Cal 

Col 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Mich.... 

N.J. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Wis.. 
Wis.. 
Wis.., 
Ark.. 

Ill 

111...., 

Ill 

Iowa, 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. .. 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 
Kan.... 
Minn  .. 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 

N.  C 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.C 

Tex 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wis 


543 

785 

2,880 

117,714 

792 

780 
1,496 

770 
1,621 
1,189 
1,764 


321 
•   1,594 
268 


>  In  1874,  part  to  Triplett 
»  In  1874,  part  to  Drammen. 

260 


>  In  1878,  part  to  Green  Moun- 
tain. 


*  Since    1870,    part    to    Lacka- 

wanna County. 

•  In  1879,  part  to  Aurora. 


*  In  1870,  including  the  villager 
of  Buffalo  and  Fountain 
City. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED 


Place. 


Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo  Heart tp. 

Buffalo  Park p.T, 

Buffalo  Prairie p.tp. 

ButBngton tp. 

Buford p.T, 

Buford p.T, 

Buford tp. 

Buford tp. 

Buford's  Bridge....tp. 

Bug  Hill p.tp. 

Bull  Creek tp. 

Bull  Head tp. 

BullionTille. p.b 

Bullock  Creek p.tp. 

Bull  Pond tp. 

Bull  Bun .y. 

BuU'g  City .p.T, 

Bullskin. tp. 

Bull  Swamp p.tp. 

Buncombe tp. 

Bunker  Hill p.T. 

Bunker  Hill tp. 

Bunker  Hill p.T. 

Bunker  Hill p.T. 

Bunker  Hill p.tp. 

Bunker  Hill t. 

Bunker  Hill t. 

Bunker  Hill pi. 

Bunker  Hill pi. 

BunkerviUe p.T. 

Bunkum h. 

Burbank p.T. 

Burbank tp. 

Burbank p.tp. 

Burbank p.T. 

BurchTille tp. 

Burdell tp. 

Burden  ville p.T. 

Burdett p.b. 

Burdette _p.T. 

Burdine tp. 

Bureau tp. 

Bureau  Junction. ..p.T. 

Burgaw  Depot p.T. 

Burgettstown p.T. 

Burgh  Hill ...p.T. 

Burgoon p.T. 

Burke tp. 

Bnrke tp. 

Burke p.y. 

Burke tp. 

Burke p.T. 

Burke tp. 

Burkearille p.h. 

BurkesTille p.T. 

Burkeyille p.y. 

BurkeTille p.T. 

BurkittsTlIle p.T. 

Burleigh tp. 

Burleson p.T. 

Burlingame tp. 

Burlingame p.T. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington  i tp. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.tp. 

Burlington p.tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.T. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington t. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.b. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington p.h. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.T. 

Burlington  FIstB...p.T. 
Burlington    Junc- 
tion  p.T. 

BurnersTllle p.h. 


County. 


Marquette ^ 

Sangamon >, 

GloTe- 

Bock  lBl*nd 

Indiana 

Qwinnett , 

Highland , 

Union 

Lancaster 

Barnwell 

Columbus 

Madison , 

Greene..... , 

Lincoln..... 

York... 

Barnwell„ , 

Alleghany... I..., 

Osborne , 

Fayette 

Lexington. 

Sioux 

Macoupin 

I  Macoupin , 

I  Miami 

Russell , 

Ingham 

Schuylkill 

Westmoreland- 

Giles 

Berkeley 

Lincoln 

Dearborn 

Clay 

Piscataquis 

Kandiyohi 

Wayne 

St.  Clair 

Osceola 

Cowley 

Bates 

Schuyler 

Texas 

Bureau 

Bureau... 

Pender 

Washington 

Trumbull 

Sandusky 

Pipe  Stone 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Caledonia 

Caledonia. 

Dane 

Monroe 

Cumberland.... 

Newton 

Nottoway 

Frederick 

Iosco 

Franklin 

Osage 

Osage 

Hartford 

Kane 

Carroll 

Dee  Moines 

Des  Moines 

Coffey 

Coffey 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Lapeer 

Becker.. 

Burlington., 

Burlington., 

Otsego. 

Fulton. 

Licking. 

Bradford., 

Bradford. 

Chittenden., 

Mineral . 

Racine., 

Racine. 

Otsego . 


State. 


Wis..... 

Ill 

Kan.... 

lU 

Pa 

Ga 

Ohio-.. 
N.  0.... 

8.  0 

S.  C 

N.  C... 
N.  0.... 
N.  0.... 
NeT .... 

S.  0 

S.  0 

Pa. 

Kan..., 

Pa. 

S.  C 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan..., 
Mich.., 

Pa , 

Pa 

Tenn.., 

W.Va. 

NeT...., 

Ind.... 

Dakota. 

Me.... 

Minn 

Ohio., 

Mich.... 

Mich. 

Kan.. 

Mo... 

N.T.. 

Mo... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C. 
Pa..... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Minn 
N.T.. 
N.T.. 
Vt.... 
Vt.... 

Wi8.> 

lU 

Ky... 

Tex.., 

Va.... 

Md.... 

Mich. 

Ala... 

Kan.. 

Kan.. 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Kan.. 

Kan- 

Me... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 
i  Mich.. 
I  Mich.. 

Minn. 

N.J... 

N.  J„. 

N.  T... 

Ohio- 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

W.  Va 

Wis.... 

Wis.... 

N.Y-. 


Mo. 
W.  Va- 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


812 
638 


1,291 
877 


1,158 

1,142 

1,385 

513 


3,068 
2,400 


1,657 
933 


967 


258 
726 


316 
1,146 


2,141 


1,162 
'i',127 


1,649 
655 

1,319 
919 

1,198 
14,930 
14,930 
960 
640 
663 
626 

1,486 


880 


6,817 
6,842 
1,476 


1,061 

1,376 

203 

14,387 


2,762 
1,689 


760 

672 

147 

1,122 

819 

396 

126 

2,022 

1,677 

1,667 

912 

2,212 

1,616 

68 

3,346 

2,600 

350 

173 

2,732 

943 

291 

1,441 

2,935 

696 

135 

1,099 

140 

327 

76 

90 

169 

79 

31 

25 

408 

293 

752 

647 

157 

64 

292 

425 

947 

240 

184 

876 

222 

110 

162 

2,161 

96 

1,262 

119- 

1,002 

111 

434 

109 

237 

280 

134 

79 

4,031 

1,370 

1,224 

883 

1,364 

19,450 

2,024 

2,011 

676 

536 

711 

1,638 

328 

1,252 

338 

6,090 

7,237 

1,699 

99 

1,073 

1,094 

200 

ll;J65 

66 

2,738 

1,611 

124 

667 
77 


Place. 


Burnet p.T. 

Burnett p.tp. 

Burnett tp. 

Burnett p.T. 

BuruettsTille -t. 

Burnham tp. 

BumhamsTille tp. 

Burning  Springs. ..p.T. 

Burningtown p.tp. 

Burnip's  Comers  ...p.y. 

Burns p.tp. 

Burns tp. 

Burns p.tp. 

Bums T. 

Bums p.tp. 

Burns tp. 

Burns p.tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside .p.b. 

Burnside tp. 

Bumstown tp. 

BurnsTille p.T. 

BumsTille tp. 

BurusTille p.T. 

BurnsTille tp. 

BurnsTille ^. 

Burnsville p.h. 

Burnt  Cabins p.h. 

Burnt  Chimney p.h. 

Burnt  Corn .p.h. 

Burnt  Hills p.h. 

Burnt  Prairie tp. 

Burnt  Swamp tp. 

Burrell tp. 

Burrell tp. 

Burrell 1p. 

BurrillTlIle p.tp. 

Burris  Fork tp. 

Burritt tp. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak p.T. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak ^. 

Burr  Oak p.y. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak p.y. 

Burr  Oak- tp. 

Burrows pJi. 

BurrsTJlIe p.h. 

Burrton tp. 

Burrton p.h. 

Burrrille h. 

Burt tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton p.y. 

Burton tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton p.y. 

Burton y. 

Burton p.y. 

Burton p.b. 

Burton p.h. 

BurtonsTille p.h. 

Burt's  Creek y. 

Buse .tp. 

Bush  Hill p.y. 

Busbkill tp. 

BushklU p.y. 

Bushnell tp. 

Bushnell p.y. 

Bushnell tp. 

Bushnell's  Basin. ..p.h. 

Bushy  Fork tp. 

Busseron tp. 

Bussey p.y, 

BuBseyTlIIe -p.h. 

Busti tp. 

Butcher  Ranch p.y. 

Butler p.y. 

Butler tp. 

Butler p.y. 

Butler .tp. 

Butler*. tp. 

Butler p.y. 


County. 


Burnet 

Santa  Clara 

Dodge 

Dodge 

White 

Waldo 

Todd „ 

Wirt 

Macon 

Allegan 

Henry 

Shiawassee 

Anoka 

Brown 

Alleghany 

Colleton 

La  Crosse 

Johnson 

Lapeer 

Goodhue 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Clearfield 

Trempealeau 

Brown 

Bartholomew 

Dakota. 

Tlshemingo 

Anson 

Yancey 

Braxton 

Fulton 

Rutherford 

Monroe 

Saratoga 

White 

Robeson 

Decatur 

Armstrong , 

Indiana , 

ProTidence , 

Moniteau— 

Winnebago- 

Mitchell 

Winneshiek 

Winneshiek 

Doniphan , 

Jewell 

Jewell 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Lincoln - , 

Carroll 

Caroline 

Harrey 

Harrey 

Ocean , 

Cheboygan 

Adams 

Adams 

McHenry 

Genesee 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Geauga 

Geauga 

Wayne 

Washington 

Wetzel 

Grant. 

Montgomery 

Middlesex 

Otter  Tail 

Randolph 

Northampton. _... 

Pike 

McDonougb 

McDonougb 

Montcalm- 

Monroe 

Person 

Knox - 

Marion 

Jefferson 

Chautauqua. 

Placer 

Clioctaw 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Vermilion 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb. 


SUte. 


PopnUtton. 


1870.      1880. 


Tex. 

Cal.. 

Wis-.... 

Wis-.. 

Ind...., 

Me 

Minn. 
W.Va 
N.  0-. 
Mich.. 

Ill 

Mich.. 
Minn ... 
Minn .. 
N.  Y-... 

S.  0 

Wis.-... 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Pa , 

Pa. , 

Pa 

WU.-.. 
Minn .. 

Ind 

Minn .. 
Miss-.. 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
W.Va. 

Pa- 

N.O.... 

Ala 

N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

N.  C„.. 
Iowa... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

R.  I.-.. 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Ind 

Md 

Kan 

Kan 

N.J 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Tex 

W.Va.. 

Wis. 

N.  Y-... 
N.  J-... 
Minn ... 
N.  C-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Y„... 
N.  C — 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Wis. 

N.  Y 

CW 

AU.. 
IlL... 
IlL... 
III.... 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 


280 
802 
981 


270 
788 


320 


1,144 

1,667 

340 


1,340 


943 

1,282 

1,173 

396 

386 

1,624 


642 
174 


361 


1,038 
606 
126 


2,186 
1,611 
862 
964 
1,374 
4,674 


991 
426 
960 


1,016 


1,911 
724 


72 

1,423 

130 

281 

1,667 


1,004 


160 


1,901 


2,681 
2,003 
1,266 


1.426 
1,283 


1,844 


2,107 

1,648 

026 

1,809 


I  In  1870,  includiug  city  of  Burlington. 


s  In  1870,  part  to  Keysar. 


261 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


PlMsa. 


Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler  1 tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler p.v. 

Butler p.tp. 

Butler p.v. 

Butler* tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler p.b. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler tp. 

Butler  Centre p.v. 

Butlerville p.v. 

Butlerville p.v. 

Butlerville p.v. 

Butte tp. 

Butte tp. 

Butte  City p.v, 

Butte  des  Mort8.....p.v. 

Bntterfield tp. 

Butternut p.tp. 

Butternuts tp. 

Butternut  Valley...p.tp. 

Butterwood tp. 

Button p.tp. 

Button  ville h. 

Buttsville V. 

Butztown p.h. 

Buxton p.tp. 

Buxton  Centre p.v. 

Byfleld„ p.v. 

Bygland tp. 

Byhalia p.v. 

Bybalia p.h. 

Byington p.h. 

Bynum'e p.h. 

By  ram p.h. 

Byram tp. 

Byrd tp. 

Byrd tp. 

Bymesville. v. 

Byrneville p.h. 

Byron p.v. 

Byron p.tp. 

Byron tp. 

Byron p.tp. 

Byron ...tp. 

Byron p.v. 

Byron p.v. 

Byron tp. 

Byron tp. 

Byron p.v. 

Byron p.h. 

Byron p.tp. 

Byron tp. 

Byron  Centre p. v. 

Cabery p.h. 

Cabin  Hill p.h. 

Cable p.v. 

Cable p.v. 

Cabot .p.v. 

Cabot tp. 

Cabot p.v. 

Cache tp. 

Cache tp. 

Cache 1p. 

Cache tp. 

Cache tp. 

Cache tp. 

Cache  Creek p.tp, 

Cacheville v. 

Cadaretta. p.h. 

Caddo* tp. 

Caddo tp. 

Cades h. 


County. 


Franklin 

Miami 

Butler 

Calhoun , 

Jackson 

Scott 

Pendleton 

Branch 

Bates 

Harrison 

Pemiscot 

St.  Clair 

Wayne 

Columbiana , 

Darke 

Knox 

Mercer 

Montgomery .... 

Richland 

Adams 

Butler 

Butler 

Luzerne 

Schuylkill 

Greenville 

Butler 

Jeunii^g^ „. 

Tama 

Warren 

Sierra 

Sutter 

Deer  Lodge 

Winnebago 

Watonwan 

Ashland 

Otsego 

Blue  Earth 

Halifax 

Ford , 

Midland 

McKean 

Northampton .... 

York 

York 

Essex 

Polk 

Marshall 

Union 

Pike 

Chatham 

Hinds 

Sussex 

Cape  Oirttrdeau.. 

Brown , 

Dutch  esfl 

Harrison 

Houston 

Ogle 

Buchanan 

Oxford 

Kent 

Shiawassee , 

Olmsted , 

Waseca , 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Greene 

Fond  du  Lac 

Monroe 

Kent 

Ford 

Shenandoah 

Mercer 

Champaign 

Lonoke 

Weshington 

Wwhington 

Clay 

Greene 

Jackscn 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Johnson 

Yolo 

Yolo 

Sumner 

Clarke 

Montgomery 

Williamsburg.... 


State. 


Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa. , 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa. . 

Ky 

Mich.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y.., 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.  C... 
Iowa. . 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Ohio... 

Cal 

Oal 

Mod  ... 
Wis.... 
Minn. 
Wis.... 
N.  Y... 
Minn. 
N.  C... 

Ill 

Mich.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Me 

Me 

Ma88„. 
Minn. 
Miss... 
Ohio„. 
Ohio... 
N.  0.... 
Mias... 
N.  J.... 

Mo 

Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
Ind.... 

Ga. 

Ill 

Iowa. . 

Me 

Mich.. 
Mich.., 
Minn . 
Minn. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Mich.. 

Ill 

Va 

Ill 

Ohio-. 
Ark.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 
Ark.... 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Miss ... 
Ark.„. 
Ark.... 
8.  C... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,488 
1,536 
1,329 


867 

889 

144 

1,430 

1,064 

748 

298 

646 

2,023 

1,5.58 

1,624 

701 

1,301 

2,163 

768 

1,333 

984 

1,935 

1,423 

5,905 

1,646 


191 
1,182 
1,369 

241 


2,174 
690 


2,646 


1,332 
2,112 
1,261 


1,093 

1,196 

242 

1,326 


263 
1,734 


1,441 


1,279 


766 

377 

128 

1,452 

1,385 

3,067 


2,717 
234 


1,402 

1,420 

1,632 

470 

811 

932 

256 

1,461 

2,162 

1,046 

454 

1,399 

2,161 

1,560 

1,739 

788 

1,696 

2,196 

789 

1,405 

1,007 

3,163 

1,917 

4,816 

2,392 

149 

280 

120 

167 

1,789 

1,391 

3,.363 

136 

149 

608 

2,036 

614 

1,634 

846 

86 

'6 

69 

2,230 

1,891 

646 

188 

346 

69 

60 

97 

80 

1,406 

2,976 

1,299 

217 

62 

137 

1,563 

1,091 

191 

1,712 

365 

222 

418 

1,754 

201 

53 

1,284 

415 

116 

114 

59 

572 

167 

164 

1,242 

260 

378 

750 

660 

434 

1,435 

1,552 

3,881 

213 

10 

5,029 

625 

73 


Place. 


County. 


Cadillac p.v. 

Cadiz. p.v. 

Cadiz p.v. 

Cadiz. tp. 

Cadiz p.v. 

Cadiz. p.tp. 

Cadiz  Junction v. 

Cadott p.v, 

Cadron* p.tp. 

Cadron tp. 

Cadron tp. 

Cady p.tp. 

Cady's  Falls p.h. 

Caernarvon tp. 

Caernarvon tp. 

Caesar  Creek tp. 

Caesar's  Creek tp. 

CaglesviUe p.h. 

Cahawba -p.v. 

Cahoka p.v. 

Cahokia tp. 

Cabokia p.v. 

Cahto p.h. 

Cain tp. 

Gainesville ...p.v. 

Cain's p.h. 

Cain's tp. 

Caiiisville p.h. 

Cairo p.v. 

Cairo c. 

Cairo p.v. 

Cairo p.v. 

Cairo tp. 

Cairo tp. 

Cairo p.v. 

Cairo p.tp. 

Cairo v. 

Cairo p.v. 

Cakes v. 

Calahan p.tp. 

Calais c. 

Calais p.v. 

Calais p.tp. 

Calamine. p.h. 

Calamus p.v. 

Calamus tp. 

Calcutta p.v. 

Caldwell p.tp. 

Caldwell tp. 

Caldwell p.v. 

Caldwell tp. 

Caldwell p.tp. 

'Caldwell tp. 

Caldwell ._ v. 

Caldwell.- p.v. 

Caldwell tp. 

Caldwell p.v. 

Caldwell's p.tp. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia p.v. 

Caledonia v. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia p.v. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia' ^. 

Caledonia p.v. 

Caledonia p.v. 

Caledonia p.v. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia. p.v. 

Caledonia* tp. 

Caledonia. p.v. 

Caledonia. p.v. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia. p.tp. 

Caledonia tp. 

Caledonia. tp. 

Caledonia  Station...p.v. 

Calers p.v. 

Calf  Creek p.tp. 

Calhoun tp. 

Calhoun tp. 

Calhoun p.v. 

Calhoun  T_ tp. 

Calhoun tp. 

Calhoun p.v. 

Calhoun p.v. 

Calhoun p.v. 


Wexford 

Henry 

Trigg 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Green 

Harrison 

Chippewa. 

Faulkner 

Van  Buren... 

White 

St.  Croix 

Lamoille 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Dearborn 

Greehe 

Pope 

Dallas 

Clarke 

Macoupin 

St.  Clair. 

Mendocino ... 

Fountain 

Harrison 

Lancaster 

Marion 

Wilson 

Thomas 

Alexander.... 

Louisa 

Henderson.... 

Renville 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Greene 

Allen 

Ritchie 

Schuylkill.... 

Davie 

Washington... 

Monroe 

Washington.., 

Lafayette 

Clinton , 

Dodge 

Columbiana ... 
Appanoose..... 

Sumner 

Sumner , 

Missaukee.... 

Essex , 

Warren 

Warren 

Noble 

Newberry 

Burleson 

Catawba 

Boone 

Boone 

Pulaski 

O'Brien 

Ringgold 

Kent 

Shiawassee.... 

Houston 

Houston 

Lowndes 

Washington... 
Livingston .... 
Livingston .... 

Halifax 

Marion 

Elk 

Columbia 

Racine 

Trempealeau. 

Waupaca 

Kent 

Shelby 

Searcy 

Columbia 

Prairie 

Gordon 

Calhoun 

Harrison 

McLean- 

Henry 

McMinn 


State. 


Population. 


Mich.... 

Ind 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ohio...., 

Wis 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Wis 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ark.-.., 

Ala . 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa 

8. 0 

Tenn..., 

Ga- 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ky. 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

W.Va.. 

Pa. 

N.  C 

Me 

Ohio 

Vt 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Kan-.. 

Kan 

Mich.... 

N.  J. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

'Ohio 

S.C 

Tex 

N.  0.-... 

Ill 

ni 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark.-... 
Ark.-... 

Ga. 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mo 

Tenn.... 


1870.      1880. 


680 
2,704 
1,4.35 
1,401 


602 

587 


927 
1,666 

556 
1,114 


431 


1,802 


1,007 


6,267 


326 


2,283 


1,232 

6,944 

126 

1,309 


1,140 
1,261 


2,727 
1,041 


318 
1,791 


1,101 
1,346 


222 


1,599 
891 

1,628 
470 


1,813 
697 

2,118 
419 


1,180 

2,800 

607 

661 


611 

806 


427 
263 
371 


232 


1  In  1872,  ftom  part  of  Sherman. 
*  In  1874,  part  to  Cypress. 

262 


s  Since  1870,  part  of  Cedai   kv 

tached. 
*  Including  Conway. 


6  In  1870,  including  Caledonia 

Village. 
6  Since  1870,  part  to  Conocanary, 


f  Since    1870,    area   much 
duced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUBNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoa. 


Calhoun's  Milla„...p.tp. 

California tp. 

Califoruia. tp. 

California. tp. 

California tp. 

California  1  ...........tp. 

California. p.T. 

California. p.tp. 

California. .......p.T. 

California. t. 

California .......p.T. 

California t. 

California. t. 

California. p.b, 

Calistoga p.T. 

CalkinsTllle p.b. 

Callahan's  Bancb  ..p.h. 

Callao tp. 

Callao p.T. 

Callaway -tp. 

Callender p.b. 

Callensburg p.T. 

Calllcoon_ ...tp. 

Callicoon p.b. 

Callicoon  Depot.. ..p.T. 

Calliope p.b. 

Calmar tp. 

Calmar „....p.T. 

Cain ..._p.T. 

Calpella .tp. 

Calpella p.T. 

Calumet „..„...tp. 

Calnmet p.tp. 

Calnmet* p.tp. 

Calumet tp. 

Calumet  Harbor.... pJi. 

CalTary tp. 

CalTary.... p.T. 

Calvert tp. 

Calvert p.v. 

Calvert  City p.v. 

OalTerton p.b. 

Oalverton  Mills p.v. 

Calvin tp. 

Calvin p.tp. 

Calvy p.tp. 

Calwood tp. 

Calwood p.T. 

Camancbe tp. 

Camancbe p.T. 

Camargo - tp. 

Camargo p.T. 

Camargo p.h. 

Cambria tp. 

Cambria tp. 

Cambria tp. 

Cambria p.tp. 

Cambria tp. 

Cambria p.b. 

Cambria h. 

Cambria p.T. 

Cambria  Mills p.T. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.h. 

Cambridge ....p.T. 

Cambridge  « c. 

Cambridge p.tp. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge p.T, 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge tp. 

Caifibridge p.T. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.h. 

Cambridge tp. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridge p.T. 

Cambridgel>orougb.p.b. 

Cambridge  City p.T. 

Cambridgeport p.T. 

Camden p.v. 

Camden p.v. 


County. 


Abbeville...... 

Faulkner-.... 

Madison. 

Van  Buren... 

Starke 

Coffee 

Campbell—... 

Branch 

Moniteau.-... 

Adams 

Hamilton 

Madison 

Pike 

Washington- 
Napa -... 

Isabella- 

Siskiyou 

Macon 

Macon 

St.  Charles... 

Webster 

Clarion.- 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Sioux 

Winneshiek.. 
Winneshiek- 
Chester  

Mendocino... 
Mendocino... 

Cook 

Houghton.... 

Pike 

Fond  du^Lao 
Fond  du  Lao 
Clarendon.... 
Fond  du  Lac 

Grant - 

Bobertson.... 

Marshall 

Suffolk 

Baltimore 

Jewell 

Cass 

Franklin 

Callaway 

Callaway-.... 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Montgomery 

Saline 

Hillsdale 

Blue  Earth... 

Niagara. 

Cambria. 

Cambria 

Luzerne 

Columbia. 

Hillsdale 

Henry 

Henry 

Story 

Cowley 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Dorchester... 
Middlesex.... 

Lenawee 

Isanti 

Isanti 

Saline 

Saline 

Furnas 

Coos 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Guernsey 

Guernsey 

Crawford 

Lancaster 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Dane 

Crawford 

Wayne 

Windham..... 

Wilcox 

Ouachita 


State. 


8.0.-., 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ind 

Kan  -.. 

Ky 

Mich.., 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio- 
Pa- 

Cal 

Mich... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

loMra... 

Pa. 

N.  T-.. 
N.  T-.. 
N.  T-., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Pa. 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich... 

Mo 

Wis.-., 

Wis 

S.  C .-., 
Wis.-.. 

Ark 

Tex 

Ky 

N.  T-.. 

Md 

Kan-., 
Mich.., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Kan  -., 
Mich.., 
Minn ., 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis.-., 
Mich.., 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Kan.... 

Me 

Me 

Md ..... 
Mass... 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
Minn . 
Mo .... 
Mo  ..... 
Neb.... 
N.  H... 
N.  Y-. 
N.  T... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis-.. 

Pa 

Ind.... 

Vt 

Ala.... 
Ark-. 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


2,208 

"si'i 


261 
645 


803 


112 
655 


1,643 

310 

1,745 

"256 
2,736 


1,864 


984 

807 


1,253 
3,182 
6,185 
1,460 


1,162 
""476 


1,788 
2,100 


1,453 

840 

1,808 


1,683 
339 
2,145 
1,086 
1,744 


602 
T,682 


472 


1,642 

39,634 

1,110 

374 


376 


28 
2,589 
1,530 
3,624 
2,193 
747 


1,651 


452 
2,162 


1,612 


3,170 
498 
689 
299 
333 
838 
179 
963 

1,427 

62 

376 

134 

177 

1,009 

467 

43 

145 

1,031 
330 

1,830 
60 
277 

2,180 

94 

310 

46 

2,043 
617 
863 

1,262 
24 

2,576 

8,299 

4,845 

1,447 
121 

1,636 

62 

709 

2,280 

85 

210 

373 

603 

1,693 

1,417 

1,395 
95 

1,200 
762 

2,096 

339 

95 

641 

1,632 
344 

2,267 

1,047 

2,223 

87 

604 

316 

2,302 

1,203 

223 

98 

472 

79 

2,262 
52,669 

1,075 
698 
136 

2,462 

275 

106 

36 

2,324 

1,482 

4,665 

2,883 

745 

83 

1,760 
239 
303 
674 

2,370 

88 

690 

1,503 


Place. 


Camden ....p.T. 

Camden tp. 

Camden p.T. 

Camden ....p.v. 

Camden p.h. 

Camden p.v. 

Camden p.tp. 

Camden ti>. 

Camden p.v. 

Camden tp. 

Camden p.T. 

Camden tp. 

Camden tp. 

Camden p.v. 

Camden c. 

Camden tp. 

Camden p.T. 

Camden t. 

Camden -..tp. 

Camden -..p.T. 

Camden p.T. 

Camden p.T. 

Camden  Point, p.T. 

CamdeuTllle t. 

Cameron -.p.T. 

Cameron tp. 

Cameron-. 1p. 

Cameron-. p.T. 

Cameron tp. 

Cameron p.T. 

Cameron p.T. 

Cameron p.v. 

Cameron p.T. 

Cameron tp. 

Cameron-. p.v. 

Cameron p.T. 

Cameron  Mills p.T. 

Camilla p.T. 

Camillus tp. 

Camillus -.p.T. 

Camp tp. 

Camp tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell .p.tp. 

Campbell p.tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell tp. 

Campbell ^. 

Campbell  Hill p.T. 

Campbellsburg......p.T. 

Campbellsburg p.T. 

Campbellsport p.T. 

Campbell'H  Station.h. 

Campbellsville p.T. 

CampbellsTille p.h. 

Campbelltown p.T. 

Camp  Bowie t. 

Camp  Branch tp. 

Camp  Branch tp. 

Camp  Clarke p.T. 

Camp  Colorado p.v. 

Camp  Creek tp. 

Ciunp  Denison t. 

Camp  Grant t. 

Camp  Hill p.v. 

Camp  Howard h. 

Camp  Lake tp. 

Campo p.tp. 

Cumpo  Bello tp. 

Campo  Bello p.h. 

Campo  Seco tp. 

Campo  Seco p.T. 

Camp  Point tp. 

Camp  Point p.T. 

Camp  Release p.tp. 

Camp  San  Snba p.h. 

Camp  Thomas p.h. 

Campti p.T. 

Campton p.tp. 

Campton p.T. 

Campton tp. 

Campton p.T. 

Camptown t. 

Campville p.T. 

Camp  Washington. tp. 
Canaan tp. 


Ccmaty. 


Kent .T. , 

Schuyler ...„, 

Schuyler ,-...., 

Carroll 

Appanoose 

Morris 

Knox 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Carver » 

Madison 

De  Kalb. 

Ray ~ 

Ray ..., 

Camden -....., 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Hamilton  - 

Lorain , 

Preble , 

Kershaw 

Benton 

Platte 

Anderson.- ,», 

Warren 

Audubon 

Murray- 

Clinton.., 

Steuben. 

Steuben 

Moore 

Monroe 

Cameron 

Northumberland, 

Milam 

Marshall 

Steuben. 

Mitchell 

Ononda^ , 

Onondaga 

Polk 

Renville 

Lawrence 

Pulaski 

Searcy  

Jennings 

Warrick 

Ionia 

Wilkin , 

Douglas 

Greene , 

Steubuii 

La  Crosse 

Jackson 

Washington 

Henry 

Fond  du  Lac 

Maury 

Taylor 

Giles 

Lebanon 

Pima 

Cass 

Warren 

Cheyenne 

Coleman 

Pike 

Htunilton- , 

Pima. 

Cumberland 

Idaho 

Swift 

San  Diego 

Spartanburg 

Spartanburg 

Calaveras 

Calaveras 

Adams 

Adams 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

McCuUoch 

Pima 

Natchitoches 

Kane 

Wolfe _ 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Montgomery 

Tioga. 

Stanislaus...- 

Litchfield- 


State. 


Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Kan  „... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J-... 

N.Y 

NY 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.  C 

Tenn  ... 

Mo 

Ky 

111. 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Mo. 

N.  Y-... 
N.Y-... 
N.  0„... 
Ohio-... 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Tex 

W.  Va- 
N.  Y-... 

Qa_ 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Wis. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Wis.-... 
Tenn  ... 

Ky 

Tenn  ... 

Pa. 

Arizona 

Mo.. 

Mo.. 

Neb.. 

Tex.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Arizona 

Pa. 

Idaho... 
Minn;... 

Cal 

8.  C 

8.  0 

Cal 

Cal 

IlL 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Tex 

Arizona 

La 

Ill 

Ky 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Conn  ... 


Population. 


18Ta      1880, 


657 
1,173 


476 


4,612 
1,883 


414 


l,3,i9 
3,347 
357 
20,045 
3,687 
1,703 


858 
648 
1,007 
148 
77 


1,428 

1,334 

161 


146 


608 


289 
2,423 

698 
1,558 

418 

576 
1.304 

359 
1,563 
1,437 
1,120 


413 
8,694 
1,989 
2,084 


612 
124 


1,258 
901 


2,951 
'"960 
2,136 


957 

67 

1.226 


281 
1,267 


70S 

1,112 

184 

457 

61 

115 

4,386 

2,048 

191 

908 

161 

1,640 

3,353 

509 

41,659 

3,392 

1,689 

63 

968 

800 

1,780 

200 

142 

110 

231 

632 

124 

2,109 

1,611 

262 

117 

176 

262 

976 

441 

498 

77 

673 

2,416 

477 

1,397 

686 

1,487 

1,067 

413 

1,474 

1,536 

1,640 

493 

5t>4 

10,771 

1,881 

886 

•214 

386 

107 

319 

100 

776 

80 

221 

184 

1,460 

997 

43 

16 

947 

292 

243 

467 

'67 

377 

443 

8,781 

99 

827 

106 

2,102 

1,131 

319 

66 

112 

101 

956 

102 

1,163 

207 

206 

94 

1,485 

1,167 


1 1n  1870,  part  to  Pleasant. 


>  In  1872,  part  to  Prairieville. 


*  In  1880,  part  of  Belmont  annexed. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUENS  OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Place. 


Canaan p.T. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan p.T. 

Canaan p.tp. 

Canaan p.tp. 

Canaan p.tp. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan p.T. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan tp. 

Canaan p.h. 

Canaan  Fuur  Cor- 
ners  p.T. 

Canaanaville t. 

Canada  1 tp. 

Canada b. 

OanadEk. tp. 

Canada  Corners p.h. 

Canadensis p.T. 

Canadian tp. 

Canadice p.tp. 

Canajobarie tp. 

Canajobarie p.T. 

Canal p.tp. 

Canal  DoTer p.T. 

Canal  Fulton p.T. 

Canal  LewisTille....p.T. 
Canal  Wlncbester.-p.T. 

Canandaigua ....p.T. 

Canandaig^a tp. 

Canandaigua p.T. 

Canarsie p.T. 

Canaseraga.. p.T. 

Canaseraga t. 

Canastota p.T. 

Canby p.T. 

Canby p.h. 

Candalaria «p.T. 

Candia. tp. 

Candia. p.T. 

Candia  Village p.h. 

Candlewood ^,y. 

Candlewood t. 

Candor tp. 

Candor tp. 

Candor p.T. 

Candor p.h. 

Cane ..tp. 

Caneadea. tp. 

Caneadea p.T. 

Cane  Creek tp. 

CJane  Creek. tp. 

Cane  Creek p.tp. 

Cane  Creek tp. 

Cane  Hill tp. 

Cane  Hill p.h. 

Danemab  „ .^....t. 

Oaney ....tp. 

Caney tp. 

Oaney tp. 

Caney „..tp. 

Caney  Fork tp. 

Caney  Fork tp. 

Caney  KiTer ....tp. 

CaneyTllle tp. 

CaneyTlUe pi. 

Canfleld p.T. 

Canfleld tp. 

Canfleld p.T. 

Cauisteo p.tp. 

Canisteo ^..tp. 

Canisteo p.T. 

Canmer t. 

Cannelbnrg p.T. 

Cannelton p.T. 

Cannon tp. 

Cannon  City tp. 

Cannon  Falls tp. 

Cannon  BiTer  Falls.p.T. 

Cannon's tp. 

Cannon8burg.„ p.T. 

Cannonsburg ...p.b. 

Cannon's  Ferry h. 

CannonsTllle p.T. 

CannonTille p.T. 

Canoe tp. 

Canoe tp. 


County. 


Jefl'ers(fti... 

Henry 

Somerset... 
Somerset... 
Grasconade . 

Grafton 

Columbia... 

Athens 

Madison.... 

Morrow 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Essex  - 

Essex 


Stete. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Columbia 

Holmes. 

Labette 

Genesee 

Jackson 

Muskegon 

Monroe 

Mississippi 

Ontario 

Montgomery.., 
Montgomery.., 

Venango 

Tuscarawas.^.. 

Stark 

Coshocton , 

Franklin 

Lenawee 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Kings 

Alleghany 

Madison 

Madison 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Clackamas 

Esmeralda 

Bockingham .. 
Bockingham  ., 
Bockingham .. 
Middlesex-.... 

Essex 

Otter  Tail 

Tioga 

Tioga .., 

Washington..., 

White 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Lincoln- 

Logan 

Butler 

Lancaster-.... 
Washington-.. 

Cedar , 

Clackamas 

Independence 

Nevada. 

Woodruff. 

Montgomery... 

Pike 

Jackson- 

Yancey 

Chautauqua..,. 

Grayson 

Boulder. 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Dodge 

Steuben.. 

Steuben- 

Hart 

Daviess 

Perry 

Kent 

Bice 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Newberry , 

Kent 

Washington-.. 

Sussex 

Delaware 

Iron 

Winneshiek-.. 
Indiana 


Ind 

Iowa....  I 

Me... 

Me... 

Mo... 

N.H. 

N.  Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Pa.... 

Vt.... 

Vt.... 


784 
1,472 


N.  Y 

Ohio 

Kan 

N.  Y-... 

N.  C 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ark. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y — 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  T 

N.  T — 
N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Oregon. 

NeT 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 
Conn.... 
Mass..... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ark 

N.  T.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ark.-.. 
Ark-... 

Mo 

S.  C 

Ark 

Mo 

Oregon 
Ark.-.. 
Ark.-.., 
Ark.-.., 
Kan  -.. 

Ark 

N.  C.-.. 

N.C , 

Kan  „.. 

Ky 

Col , 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 
Minn..., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y...., 

Ky 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich..., 
Minn .., 
Minn .., 
Minn .., 

8.  0 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Del , 

N.  Y 

Utah.... 
Iowa.... 
Pa 


1,107 
1,877 
1,877 
1,543 
729 
1,109 
1,997 


680 
419 


480 


330 
905 
4,256 
1,822 
980 
1,693 
1,048 


633 


7,274 
4,862 


1,492 


1,456 


4,260 


1,869 
236 


323 

1,759 
1,611 


177 
845 


361 

199 

951 

1,202 


1,513 
640 
880 

2,435 

""225 


2,481 

1,206 

610 

957 


1,224 
"641 

"si'g 


864 
998 


85 

1,035 

1,281 

287 

1,451 

1,762 

1,664 

1,499 

896 

1,087 

2,135 

132 

676 

637 

152 

215 

111 

675 

80 

382 

62 

132 

672 

895 

4,294 

2,013 

1,030 

2,208 

1,196 

251 

850 

125 

8,363 

6,726 

1,760 

701 

144 

1,669 

331 

29 

766 

1,340 

136 

112 

187 

229 

180 

4,323 

965 

60 

694 

1,764 

192 

1,097 

705 

341 

2,319 

1,744 

37 

183 

266 

873 

89 

1,161 

245 

690 

1,858 

864 

235 

53 

1,528 

650 

914 

3,694 

1,907 

196 

159 

1,834 

1,220 

1,188 

1,046 

942 

1,840 

130 

699 

98 

258 

137 

991 

1,217 


Place. 


Canoe  Creek tp. 

Canoga p.T. 

Cafioncito T. 

Cafion  City- p.T. 

Caflon  City p.T. 

Cafion  de  Jemee....T. 

Cafion  Largo t. 

Cansas  Branch t. 

Canterbury- tp. 

Canterbury  - p.T. 

Canterbury  - p.T. 

Canterbury- p.tp. 

Canton tp. 

Canton- p.T. 

Canton  _....... p.T. 

Canton „,.p.T. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.T. 

Canton- p.T. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.T. 

Canton  - p.T. 

Canton tp. 

Canton  - p.T. 

Canton  - t. 

Canton p.tp. 

Canton  - p.tp. 

Canton tp. 

Canton  - p.T. 

Canton „ tp. 

Canton- p.T. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.T. 

Canton c. 

Canton tp. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.b. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton p.T. 

Canton tp. 

Cantrall p.T. 

Cantril p.T. 

Canville tp. 

CSlnyonville t. 

Capac p.T. 

Cape  Elizabeth.— ..tp. 

Cape  Fear. tp. 

Cape  Fear tp. 

Cape  Girardeau c. 

Cape  Girardeau tp. 

Cape  May c. 

Cape  May  C.  H p.T. 

Cape  May  Point....p.b. 

Cape  Vincent tp. 

Cape  Vincent p.T. 

Cupioma p.tp. 

Cappeln p.h. 

Capp's  Creek tp. 

Capron p.T. 

Carbon  - p.T. 

Carbon p.T. 

Carbon  * tp. 

Carbon h. 

Carbon p.v. 

CarbonateTille t. 

Carbon  Cliff. p.T. 

Carbondale tp. 

Carbondale p.T. 

Carbondale p.T. 

Carbondale c. 

Carbondale tp. 

Carbon  Bun p.T. 

Cardington  - tp. 

Cardington p.T. 

Cardonia p.T. 

Carey p.T. 

Caribou p.T. 

Caribou tp. 

Caribou p.T. 

Carimona p.tp. 

Carl tp. 

Carl p.h. 

Carleton p.T. 

Carleton p.T. 

Carlin tp. 

Carlln p.T. 

CarlinTille tp. 

OarlinTille p.T. 

Carlisle tp. 

Carlisle p.T. 


County. 


Bock  Island 

Seneca 

Bio  Arriba. ., 

Fremont 

Grant 

Bernalillo 

San  Miguel 

McKean , 

Windham , 

Windham , 

Kent 

Merrimaa 

Hartford , 

Hartford 

Lincoln.. , 

Cherokee.......... 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Washington 

Benton , 

McPherson 

McPberson 

Trigg 

Oxford , 

Oxford , 

Baltimore , 

Norfolk 

Wayne , 

Fillmore 

Madison , 

Lewis 

Lewis , 

St.  Lawrence..... 
St.  Lawrence.... 

Stark- 

Stark 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Washington-..., 

Van  Zandt 

Buffalo.- , 

Sangamon , 

Van  Buren 

Neosho.- , 

Douglas 

St.  Clair- 

Cumberland 

Chatham 

New  HanoTer.- 
Cape  Girardeau 
Cape  Girardeau 

Cape  May 

Cape  May 

Cape  May.- 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Nemaha 

St  Charles 

Barry 

Boone 

Clay 

Adams 

Huntingdon 

Lawrence- 

Carbon 

Summit. 

Bock  Island 

Jackson 

Jackson- 

Osage » 

Lackawanna.  ... 
Lackawanna. .... 

Bradford 

Morrow 

Morrow 

Clay 

Wyandot 

Boulder 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Fillmore 

Adams 

Adams 

Monroe.- 

Thayer.- 

Calhoun 

Elko 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Prairie 

Prairie 


Population. 


111....... 

N.  Y 

N.  Mex 

Col 

Oregon. 
N.  Mex 
N.  Mex 

Pa. 

Conn.... 
Conn..- 

Del 

N.  H 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Dak 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 
Kan-... 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass... 
Mich..., 
Minn  .. 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-., 
N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 
Oregon 
Mich... 

Me 

N.  C.-.. 
N.C.-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  J-..., 
N.  Y...., 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Wyom 

Col 

ni 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 

Col 

Me 

Me 

Minn .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 
Neb.-.. 

Ill 

NeT.-.. 
Ill 

ni 

Ark 

Ark 


1870.      1880, 


413 


229 


1,543 


1,169 
2,639 


214 

4,472 
3,308 


1,509 


320 
984 


3,879 

1,392 

1,012 

1,963 

3,434 

2,363 

6,014 

1,681 

8,660 

1,952 

1,840 

710 

692 

183 

648 


1,070 


6,106 
2,286 
996 
3,585 
1,651 
1,248 


3,342 

1,269 

424 


2,233 


244 


3,370 


6,393 
721 


2,199 
918 


692 
T,4ib 


788 
301 


250 


534 

295 

6,808 


1  In  1872.  Dart  to  Howard. 
264 


*  In  1870.  including  Broad  Top  City  and  Ooalmont. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


f 


Carlisle »..p.T. 

Carlisle p.T. 

Carlisle p.v. 

Carlisle p.tp. 

Carlisle > tp. 

Carlisle p.h. 

Carlisle h. 

Carlisle .^ tp. 

Carlisle v. 

Carlisle ^...p.b. 

Carlisle  Station p.b. 

Carlos  I tp. 

Carlowville h. 

Carlstadt p.  v. 

Carlston tp. 

Carlton „ tp. 

Carlton tp. 

Carlton p.tp. 

Carlton p.h. 

Carlton p.tp. 

Carlyle tp. 

Carlyle p.v. 

Carman p.b. 

Carmel p.y. 

Carmel p.tp. 

Carmel tp. 

Carmel tp. 

Carmel p.v. 

Carmi ^ tp. 

Carmi p.T. 

Carmichael p.b. 

Carmi  chael tp. 

Carn tp. 

CarnesTille p.v. 

Caro p.v. 

Caroga tp. 

Carolina  Mills v. 

Carolina  Mills p.v. 

Caroline tp. 

GaroHne p.tp. 

Caroline h. 

Caroline  Centre.... p.h. 

Carondelet* tp. 

Carpenter tp. 

Carpenter p.v. 

Carpenter tp. 

Carpenter p.v. 

Carpenter b. 

Carpenter tp. 

Carpentersville p.v. 

Carpentei-sville p.h. 

Carp  Lake p.tp. 

Carp  Lake tp. 

Carr „.tp. 

Carr tp. 

Carr  Creek tp. 

Carrigan p.tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll* tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll .p.tp. 

Carroll  < tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll p.v. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll  6 tp. 

Carroll tp. 

CaiToll « ....tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll  City p.v. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.h. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton  f p.v. 

Carrollton v. 


County. 


SuUivan 

Warren 

Nicholas 

Middlesex .... 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Brown 

Loraiu 

Noble 

Cumberland.. 

Warren 

Douglas 

Dallas 

Bergeu _ 

Freeborn 

Tama 

Barry 

Orleans 

Yam  Hill 

Kewaunee 

Clintou„ 

Clinton 

Henderson.... 

Hamilton 

Penobscot..... 

Eaton 

Putnam 

Putnam 

White 

^V^lite 

Greene 

Marion 

Colleton 

Franklin 

Tuscola 

Fulton 

Alamance 

Washington.. 

Lonoke 

Tompkins 

Seneca 

Tompkins..... 

St.  Louis 

Clay 

Madison 

Jasper 

Mitchell 

Lapeer 

Langlade 

Kane 

Putnam 

Emmett 

Ontonagon ... 

Clarke 

Jackson 

Mitchel 

Marion 

Ouachita 

Vermilion.... 

Carroll 

O'Brien 

Tama 

Penobscot 

Platte  

Reynolds 

Texas 

Coos 

Chautauqua.. 

Fairfield 

Ottawa 

Cambria 

Perry 

Waahington.. 

York 

Carroll 

Pickens 

Boone 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Greene 

Greene 

Carroll 

Hancock 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Baltimore 


State. 


Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mass.... 
N.  Y_... 

N.  Y 

Ohio — 
Ohio — 
Ohio — 

Pa. 

Ohio..... 
Minn ... 

Ala 

N.  J 

Minn... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Oregon. 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill- 

HI 

Ind 

Me 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa. 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Ga. 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

B.  I 

Ark 

N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Wi8.»... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan„... 

Ill 

Ark.„... 

IU„ 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio.. .. 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

La. 

Md ...... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


499 
200 
606 
669 
1,730 


1,219 

218 

6,650 

"'lie 


378 

812 

1,126 

2,327 


1,185 


1,348 
1,148 
2,797 
590 
3,669 


491 
919 


266 


828 


2,176 
6*387 
1,081 


26 

692 

1,665 


713 

2,032 

578 


382 

632 

2,691 

605 

619 

378 

1,548 

187 

1,036 

1,780 

1,425 

3,178 

898 

384 


577 
808 
113 


2,760 


1,046 


1,098 
6,495 


489 

395 

909 

478 

1,720 

128 

63 

1,329 

157 

6,209 

197 

200 

154 

1,060 

500 

1,009 

1,480 

2,477 

72 

1,604 

2,448 

2,017 

146 

92 

1,220 

1,175 

2,811 

571 

4,140 

2,512 

489 

1,516 

877 

184 

1,282 

855 

272 

377 

1,297 

2,171 

95 

9 

5,691 

678 

53 

2,088 

131 

62 

44 

348 

218 

109 

73 

1,126 

1,783 

461 

875 

832 

1,921 

2,111 

329 

790 

625 

2,782 

1,234 

661 

632 

1,718 

288 

1,697 

1,295 

1,417 

2,064 

1,033 

1,385 

349 

802 

1,148 

148 

926 

4,225 

1,934 

1,199 

145 

121 

1,332 

6,168 

897 


Place. 


Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton  8 tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton p.tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carroll  town p.b. 

Carrsville p.h. 

Carryall tp. 

Carson tp. 

Carson tp. 

Carson  City piv. 

Carson  City c. 

Carson's  Lake tp. 

Carter tp. 

Carter tp. 

Carter tp. 

Carter v. 

Carter's  Crossing.  ..tp. 

Carte  rsville p.v. 

Cartersville p.v. 

Carterville p.v. 

Carterville .p.v. 

Carthage p.h. 

Carthage tp. 

Carthage -p.v. 

Carthage „p.v. 

Carthage tp. 

Carthage _p.v. 

Carthage .p.v. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthage „tp. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthage tp. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthage  Landing.p.v. 

Carthagena p.h. 

Cartoogachayo tp. 

Cartwright tp. 

Carver p.tp 

Cai-ver p.v. 

Carver  Green v. 

Carver's  Creek tp. 

Carver's  Creek tp. 

Carvers  ville p.v. 

Cary _tp. 

Gary p.v. 

Cary  Station p.v. 

CarysvlUe p.v. 

Cary  ville v. 

Cary  ville p.v. 

Casa -tp. 

Casa  de  Salazar v. 

Casa  Grande p.b. 

Cascade tp. 

Cascade  tp. 

Cascade p.v. 

Cascade tp. 

Cascade ...p.h. 

Cascade p.tp. 

Cascade  * tp. 

Cascade p.h. 

Cascade p.y. 

Cascades p.v. 

Casco p.tp, 

Casco tp. 

Casco p.tp. 

Casco p.tp. 

Casenovia tp. 

Csu^enovia p.v. 

Caseville tp. 

Caseville p.v. 

Casey tp. 

Casey p.v. 

Casey p.v. 

Oaseyville .......p.v. 

Caseyvi^le p.v. 

Cashel „ tp. 

Casher'i  Valley p.tp. 

Cash  town p.v. 

Casky - p.h. 

Oasner- tp. 

Casnovia p.v. 

Coson p.h. 

Oaaa tp. 


County. 


Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Fillmore 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus.. 

Carroll 

Cambria. 

Livingston... 

Paulding 

Cottonwood... 

Portage 

Montcalm 

Ormsby.. 


Ashley. 

Spencer 

Carter 

Bockingham . 

Sumter 

Bartow 

Cumberland... 
Williamson.... 

Jasper 

Hale 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Eush 

Franklin 

Leake 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Moore 

Moore 

Athens 

Smith 

Panola 

Dutchess 

Mercer 

Macon 

Sangamon 

Plymouth 

Carver , 

Plymouth 

Bladen 

Cumberland... 

Bucks 

Wake 

Wake 

McHenry 

Champaign..., 

Genesee 

Campbell 

Perry , 

Bernalillo 

Pinal 

Tehama 

Dubnqne 

Dnbuqne 

Kent 

Kent 

Olmsted- 

Lycoming 

Pittsylvania... 

Sheboygan 

Skamania 

Cumberland... 

Allegan 

St.  Clair 

Kewaunee .... 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Huron 

Huron 

Clark 

Clark 

Guthrie 

St.  Clair 

Cnion 

Swift 

Jackson 

Adams 

Christian 

Jefferson 

Kent 

Morris 

Fulton 


State. 


Mich 
Mich 
Minn ... 
Miss-. 
Mo... 
Mo ... 
N.Y- 
Ohlo.. 

Pa 

Ky.... 
Ohio- 
Minn 
Wis.- 
Mich. 
Nev... 
Ark... 
Ark... 
Ind... 
Mo... 
N.  H. 
S.  0... 

Ga 

Va 

111-... 
Mo... 
Ala... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 
Me.... 
Miss- 
Mo... 
N.Y- 
K.  C- 
N.  C- 
Obio.. 
Tenn ... 
Tex.. 
N.Y. 
Ohio 
N.  C. 
111-.. 
Mass.... 
Minn... 
Mass. 
N.  C. 
N.  C_ 
Pa-... 
N.  C- 
N.  0.. 
111-... 
Ohio.. 
N.Y., 
Tenn 
Ark.. 
K.  Mex. 
Arizona 
Cal. 
lows.... 
Iowa... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 

Pa. 

Va 

Wis.-. 
Wash.. 

Me 

Mich.., 
Mich... 

Wis 

Mich.., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ky 

Minn.. 
N.  C-.. 

P»_ 

Ky..-.. 

Ill- 

Mich... 

Tex 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,664 


1,646 
377 


1,832 

1,142 

813 

416 


1,087 


3,042 
74 

960 
1,420 

760 


947 
2,232 


2,448 

1,448 

481 

480 


1,786 


1,272 
477 


241 


480 
1,851 
1,092 

521 


996 
1,391 


240 


1,288 


1,167 


812 

696 


998 
1,264 
1,991 

794 
1,094 


38-J 


1,469 


620 
'609 


905 
1,283 


1,73V 

826 

980 

394 

4,926 

2,313 

2,171 

1,136 

602 

178 

2,582 

466 

426 

709 

4,229 

169 

1,419 

1,910 

798 

168 

1,623 

2,037 

143 

692 

483 

36 

2,679 

1,594 

500 

507 

285 

4,167 

1,912 

2,336 

366 

1,308 

327 

290 

251 

18 

584 

2,060 

1,039 

683 

251 

1,688 

2,299 

184 

1,380 

316 

161 

164 

439 

212 

401 

200 

33 

228 

1,231 

47 

1,195 

58 

767 

514 

158 

255 

149 

908 

1,650 

2,212 

1,669 

1,715 

95 

1,068 

634 

2,062 

778 

473 

658 

399 

24.S 

4:^6 

134 

96 

1,029 

101 

120 

1,467 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Miltona. 
*In    1876,    part    to    St.    Lonls 

aty. 

18 


*  Since   1870,    area    much    re- 

duced. 

*  In  1870,  part  to  May. 
»  In  1872,  part  to  Barr. 


•  Since  1870,  part  to  Mononga-  *  In    1870,    including    Lanea- 

hela.  borough. 

'  In  1877,  attached  to  New  Or-  >  In  1875,  part  to  Gamble. 

leans. 

266 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plwse. 


Oonnty. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Plac«. 


Connty. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Obm.... ^tp. 

Omb.....^........^  ...tp. 

Case .^....^. 

Caas .tp. 

Oass .M.tp. 

GaM -M tp. 

Cass p.tp. 

Cass ..M tp. 

Cass » tp. 

Cass ....tp. 

Caas ....tp. 

Cass tp. 

Casa  1 tp. 

Cass* tp. 

Cass tp. 

Cass tp. 

Cass* tp. 

Caas tp. 

Cass ...tp. 

Cass tp. 

Oass tp. 

Cass tp. 

Cass tp. 

Cass .M tp. 

Cass .....tp. 

Cass tp. 

Cass .M tp. 

Cass  City p.T. 

Casselman p.h. 

Casselton... 
Cassopolis. 


.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
..p.T. 
,.p.h. 
..p.T. 
,.p.b. 
,.p.h. 


Casstown 
CassTille. 
CassTille.... 
Cassville.... 

CassTille 

Cassrille 

Cassville ..mT, 

Cassville ..m tp. 

Cassville p.T. 

Castalia p.T. 

Castalia tp. 

Castalia ....p.T. 

Castalia. p.T. 

Castanea.- tp. 

Castile tp. 

Castile .m. p.T. 

Castine tp. 

Castine» p.T. 

Castine p.T. 

Castle ....tp. 

Castle  Creek p.h. 

Castle  Grove p.tp. 

Castle  Hill p.tp. 

Castle  Rock p.T. 

Castle  Bock p.tp. 

Castle  Rock p.h. 

Castle  Rock.. p.tp. 

Castle  Shannon p.T. 

Castleton p.T. 

Castleton p.T. 

Castleton  „ p.tp. 

Castleton tp. 

Castleton'.. p.T. 

Castleton.. tp. 

Castleton .......tp. 

Castleton  » p.T. 

Castleton  Comers...h. 

Casto tp. 

Castor tp. 

Castor tp. 

Castoria tp. 

Castroville p.T. 

Castro  ville p.T. 

Caswell ^. 

Caswell ..M p.tp. 

Caswell tp. 

Cataloochee tp. 

Cataract p.h. 

Catasanqna  « ....p.b. 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Catawba p.tp. 

Catawba  Island  «...p.^, 
Catawba  Springs...  tp. 

Catawissa tp. 

Catawissa. p.T. 

Catfishs ....p.h. 


....p.h. 
.....tp. 

p.T. 

..p.T. 


Clay 

DnbolB 

Oreeue , 

La  Porte 

Ohio , 

Pulaski  _ 

Sullivan 

White , 

Boone 

Cass 

Cedar„ 

Clayton 

Guthrie.. , 

Hamilton...... 

Harrison 

Jones 

Shelby 

Wapello 

Douglas.. 

Greene 

Stone 

Texas.. 

Hancock 

Muskingum.. 

Richland 

Huntingdon^ 
Schuylkill.... 

Tuscola... 

Somerset 

Cass ..M... 

Cass 

Miami 

Bartow... 

Ocean 

Oneida , 

Hunting^on„ 
Monongalia.. 

Wayne 

Grant.. 

Grant 

Winneshiek.. 

Nash 

Nash 

Erie 

Clinton.- 

Wyoming 

Wyoming..... 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Darke 

McPherson... 

Broome 

Jones 

Aroostook..... 

Douglas 

Dakota 

Osage 

Grant.. 

Alleghany.... 

Stark 

Marion 

Beno 

Barry 

Rensselaer ... 
Richmond .... 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Shannon ...... 

Madison 

Stoddard 

San  Joaquin.. 

Monterey 

Medina 

Calhoun 

Aroostook 

Pender 

Haywood 

Monroe 

Lehigh 

Caldwell 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Clark 

York 

Ottawa 

Lincoln. 

Columbia....... 

Columbia ... 

Clarion 


Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Mo.... 

Mo...., 

Mo...., 

Mo 

Ohio., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Mich.. 

Pa 

Dak._, 
Mich.. 
Ohio... 

Ga 

N.J.... 

N.  T 

Pa. 

W.Va.. 
W.Va.. 
Wis 

Wl8._., 

Iowa... 
N.  C... 
N.  C.,.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa., 

N.  T.... 
N.  T-.. 

Me. 

Me...... 

Ohio 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Col 

Minn... 

Mo 

Wis...... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex 

Ark 

Me 

N.C. 

N.C 

Wis 

Pa. 

Mo 

N.C 

N.C 

Ohio 

S.C 

Ohio 

N.C 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 


470 


819 

1,214 
772 
460 

1,488 
451 
895 

1^00 
591 

1,272 

1,754 
433 
217 
913 
120 
859 
410 

1,631 
592 
779 
769 
851 

1,274 
699 

4,621 


728 
241 


162 
416 


1,318 
651 


2,186 

712 

1,303 


177 


839 
237 


703 


660 


1,738 
680 


3,243 


1,000 

2,786 

1,184 

436 

516 

220 


198 
2,853 
'l,'662 


318 
2,893 

516 
2,097 
1,614 


561 

1,448 

818 

1,398 
775 
595 

1,499 
624 
423 

1,200 
626 

1,504 

2,224 
592 
444 
912 
498 
933 
578 

1,946 
710 

1,122 
829 
962 

1,614 
720 

3,004 
313 
88 
S61 
912 
331 
244 
123 
226 
188 
80 
263 

1,301 
610 
108 
866 
133 
117 
343 

2,315 
965 

1,216 

929 

127 

609 

110 

881 

419 

88 

706 

28 

770 

306 

140 

37 

352 

2,421 

912 

12,679 

2,605 

690 

63 

213 

1,049 

3,422 

1,364 
633 
731 
320 
326 

1,150 

391 

62 

3,065 
38 

2,240 
142 
25() 

4,443 
520 

3,088 

2,002 

1,427 
151 


Catharine. p.tp, 

Catharine .tp. 

Catherine tp. 

Cathey's  Creek.-...tp. 

Cathlamet p.v. 

Catlettsburg p.T. 

Catlin tp. 

Catlin p.v. 

Catlin ....p.v. 

Catlin ....tp. 

Catlin p.tp. 

Cato ...p.tp, 

Cato p.T, 

Cato tp, 

Cato p,v. 

Cato tp. 

Cato p.h, 

Caton p.tp. 

Catonsville» ....p.v. 

Catskill,. tp. 

Catskill ...p  ,v. 

Cattaraugus p.T, 

Caughdenoy ,p,T. 

Caulksville ~pJi. 

Cautbron tp. 

Cave «tp. 

Cave ~tp. 

Cave  in  Rock -p.T. 

Cavendish tp. 

Cavendish p.T. 

Cave  Spring ....p.v. 

Cave  Spring p.h. 

Cavetown p.v, 

Cavour ....-p.h. 

Caw  Caw _tp. 

Cawker  * tp. 

Cawker  City p.T. 

Cayuga. p.T. 

Caynga p.T. 

Cayuta ......tp. 

Cayuta -pJi. 

Cazenovia tp. 

Cazenovia p.T. 

CazenoTia tp. 

Cazenovia p.v. 

Cazenovia p.v. 

Cecil -p.h. 

Cecil -p.tp. 

Cecilton p.v, 

Cedar* -tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar .tp. 

Cedar ....Ip. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar ......tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar .....Ip. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar ..tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar p.tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar ^. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar .^. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar „ tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar .....tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar  Bluff ....-p.T. 

Cedar  Bluff.. ........p.T. 

Cedarbnrg tp. 

Cedarburg p.T. 

Cedar  City p.T. 

Cedar  City p.T. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cedar  Creek hud. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 


Schuyler 

Blair 

Ellis 

TransylTania,. 
Wahkiakum,.. 

Boyd 

Vennilion- 

Vermilion 

Parke- , 

Marion. 

Chemung 

Montcalm , 

Rankin 

Cayuga -.. 

Cayuga. 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Steuben 

Baltimor* 

Greene 

Greene 

Cattaraugus..., 

Oswego- 

Logan 

Logan 

Sharp 

Franklin 

Hardin- 

Windsor. 

Windsor. 

Floyd- 

Greene 

Washington ... 

Beadle 

Orangeburg..., 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Livingston 

Cayuga 

Schuyler , 

Schuyler 

Woodford- 

Woodford 

Madison 

Madison 

Richland 

Paulding 

Washington ,., 

Cecil 

Carroll 

Scott 

Knox 

Benton 

Black  Hawk... 

Calhoun 

Cherokee 

Floyd. 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lucas 

Mahaska 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Muscatine 

Pocahontas 

Sac - 

Van  Buren 

Washington .... 

Cowley 

Jackson- 

Smith 

Wilson 

Osceola. 

Martin 

Boone 

Callaway 

Cedar 

Dade 

Pettis 

Cherokee— 

Cedar. 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Callaway 

Iron , 

Crawford. 

Sussex 

Allen- 


N,  Y 

Pa- 

Kan 

N.C 

Wash... 
Ky 

HI 

lU 

Ind 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Mich..,. 

Miss 

N,  Y 

N,  Y 

Wis,-... 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Md 

N.  Y-... 

N,  Y 

N,  y 

N.  Y 

Ark 

Ark....- 

Ark. 

Ill 

Ill 

Vt 

Vt 

Ga 

Mo 

Md 

Dak 

S.  C 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

lU 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Md 

Ark 

Ark 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa .... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan.-... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ala 

Iowa... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Utah... 

Ark 

Del 

Ind 


1,629 
907 


616 


1,019 
1,826 


1,342 
523 


2,091 


1,675 


1,644 


7,677 
3,791 


220 


1,3M 


1,823 


181 


934 
38 


435 
641 


990 


4,266 
1,718 


1,102 
462 
611 


2,163 

1,041 

731 


250 

415 

306 

816 

1,094 

1,196 

764 

1,265 

733 

831 

421 


1,090 
967 


639 


6,020 
2,453 

788 


2,557 


617 

952 

3,644 

1,713 


1  Since  1871,  area  reduced. 
«  In  1876,  parts  to  Blairsburg. 

2t>t> 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Lincolr. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


'  Including  Eureka  Springs 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Cedar  Creek ..^pJi. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cedar  Creek >...p.h. 

Cedar  Creek  i tp. 

Cedar  Creek. tp. 

Cedar  Creek ...tp. 

Cedar  Creek p.tp. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cedar  Creek p.v. 

Cedar  Creek p.h. 

Cedar  Falls ....c. 

Cedar  Falls tp. 

Cedar  Falls p.T. 

Cedar  Falls p.T. 

Cedar  Fork tp. 

Cedar  Glades h. 

Cedar  Grove p.v. 

Cedar  Grove tp. 

Cedar  Grove tp. 

Cedar  Grove ....v. 

Cedar  Grove »..v. 

Cedar  Hill v. 

Cedar  Hill p.v. 

Cedar  Lake p.tp. 

Cedar  Lake tp. 

Cedar  Mills p.tp. 

Cedar  Point p.h 

Cedar  Rapids c. 

Cedar  Rock p.tp. 

Cedar  Springs p.v. 

Cedar  Springs tp. 

Cedar  Town p.v. 

Cedarvale ....p.v. 

Cedarville p.h. 

Cedarville tp. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville v. 

Cedarville* tp. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville tp. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville h. 

Cedarville p.h. 

Cedarville t. 

Cedron  „ p.tp. 

Celestine .^.p.h. 

Celina ^ p.v. 

Centennial tp. 

Center p.v. 

Central „^ tp. 

Central tp. 

Central tp. 

Central tp. 

Central p.tp. 

Central tp. 

Central p.h. 

Central  Bridge p.v. 

Central  Cal.  Colony..T. 

Central  City c. 

Central  City p.v. 

Central  City p.v. 

Central  City p.h. 

Central  City „..p.v. 

Central  City v. 

Central  City v. 

Central  Covington.v. 

Central  Depot v. 

Centralia tp. 

Centralia c. 

Centralia p.v. 

Centralia tp. 

Centralia p.v. 

Centralia p.b. 

Centralia ....p.v. 

Central  Islip ....p.v. 

Central  Lake p.tp. 

Central  Park p.v. 

Central  Point.. tp. 

Central  Point- v. 

Central  School-House.v. 

Central  Square p.v. 

Central  Station p.v. 

Central  Village p.v. 

Centre p.v. 

Centre „ tp. 

Centre „.. tp. 

Centre*^ tp. 

Centre tp. 


County. 


De  Kalb.... 

Lake 

Barry 

Muskegon . 
Wexford ... 
Wayne. 


SUte. 


Ind.... 

Ind..., 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Mich. 

Mo 

Cumberland i  N.  C, 

Lancaster 

Bastrop 

Washington.. 
Black  Hawk.. 
Black  Hawk.. 

Randolph 

Dunn 

Wake 

Montgomery.. 

Franklin 

Orange , 

Randolph 

Montgomery.. 
Providence.... 
Spartanburg.. 

Robertson 

Scott 

Barron 

Meeker 

Chase 

Linn 

Franklin 

Kent , 

Abbeville.™.... 

Polk 

Chautauqua... 

Crawford 

Modoc 

Modoc , 

Allen 

Plymouth 

Menominee.... 
Cumberland... 

Greene 

Greene 

Washington... 

Chester 

Lehigh 

Lincoln 

Dubois 

Mercer...^...,. 

Lyon „... 

Shelby 

Barton m.. 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Perry 

St.  Louis 

Pickens. 

Pickens 

Schoharie 

Fresno 

Gilpin 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Anderson 

Merrick 

Grant 

Centre 

Kenton 

Montgomery . 

Marion 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Boone 

Boone 

Columbia. 

Wood 

Suffolk 

Antrim 

Cook 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Columbia 

Oswego 

Doddridge 

Windham 

Cherokee 

Montgomery.. 

Polk 

Prairie 

Sebastian....... 


S.O 

Tex 

j  Wis 

I  Iowa. .. 
'  Iowa.... 
I  N.  C. 

Wis.., 

N.  C. 

Ark... 

Ind... 

N.  a. 

N.  C. 

Pa..... 

R.1... 

S.O... 

Tenn 

Minn 

Wis... 

Minn 

Kan.. 

Iowa. ... 

N.  C. 

Mich. 

8.0... 

Ga.... 

Kan.. 

Ark... 

Cal ... 

Cal... 

Ind... 

Mass. 

Mich.... 

N.J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa , 

Pa 

Kan 

Ind 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Tex 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

8. 0 

8.  C 

N.  T 

Cal 

Col 

Dak 

ni 

Kan 

Neb 

N.  Mex. 

Pa. 

Ky 

Va. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  T 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

N.  T 

W.Va... 
Conn.... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark-.... 

Ark 

Ark. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,326 
"660 


379 
2,368 
1,606 


3,070 
1,139 


1,633 
'2,047 


756 


6,940 
1,112 


1,503 
323 


194 

2,361 
763 


869 


2,271 
1,789 


8,923 
1,478 


2,360 


3,679 
3,190 


1,342 


160 
'359 


614 

772 

1,903 


35 

1,457 

6;J 

356 

653 

766 

3,114 

2,019 

386 

36 

3,020 

1,123 

248 

548 

1,716 

69 

219 

2,093 

1,601 

129 

448 

124 

200 

944 

351 

474 

113 

10,104 

1,725 

1,141 

1,746 

843 

218 

97 

911 

219 

113 

109 

229 

1,077 

2,702 

1,181 

194 

184 

136 

574 

114 

1,346 

229 

177 

447 

2,044 

1,832 

2,046 

7,486 

2,161 

184 

195 

267 

2,626 

1,008 

411 

37 

648 

126 

286 

730 

350 

6,054 

3,621 

289 

1,334 

703 

1,886 

806 

110 

401 

913 

178 

112 

336 

309 

94 

109 

144 

346 

1,016 

466 

2,616 


Place. 


Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre .' tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ^. 

Centre tp. 

Centre 1p. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre  *. tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre ^. 

Centre ^. 

Centre  '_ tp, 

Cen  tre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ^, 

Centre „ tp. 

Cen  tre ^. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre  • tp. 

Centre  T, tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.tp, 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre „ ^. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre.. ..» tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.h. 

Centre tp. 

Centre  >. tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre » tp. 

Centre*. tp. 

CentreW. tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre ^^tp. 

Centre p.r. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ^ tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ^. 


County. 


Sacramento 

Benton  .„ 

Boone 

Clinton 

Dearborn , 

Delaware 

Gibson 

Grant 

Greene 

Hancock 

Hendricks 

Howard 

Jennings 

Lake 

La  Porte 

Marion 

Marshall 

Martin 

Porter 

Posey 

Ripley  

Rush 

St.  Joseph 

Starke 

Union 

Vanderburgh... 

Wayne 

Allamakee 

Appanoose 

Calhoun 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Decatur 

Dubuque 

Emmett 

Fayette 

Henry 

Madison 

Mills 

Monona. 

O'Brien 

Pocahontas 

Pottawattamie . 

Wapello 

Winnebago 

Atchison 

Chautauqua...., 

Cloud 

Dickinson 

Doniphan,- 

Hodgeman 

Jewell 

Lyon 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

Ness 

Norton 

Ottawa , 

Pottawatomie.. 

Reno 

Rush 

Russell „. 

Smith , 

Wilson 

Woodson 

Emmett 

Murray 

Bachanan 

Dade 

Greene 

Hickory 

Knox 

McDonald 

Ralls 

Ralls 

Vernon 

Camden 

Chathan) 

Carroll 

Columbiana 

Gnernsey « 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Noble - 

Williams 

Wood 

Berks. 


State. 


Cal 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..,, 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..,, 
Ind... 
Ind.,,. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.,,. 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind.,,. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind,,,. 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. .. 
Kan... 
Kan ... 
Kan... 
Kan... 
Kan  -. 
Kan... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan  .„ 
Kan .... 
Kan .,.. 
Kan .... 
Kan .... 
Kan .... 
Kan .... 
Kan  -.. 
Kan .... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 
Kan .... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N,J 

N.C 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio,.,. 
Pa. 


Popniatioii. 


1870.      1880. 


461 

278 

3,886 


4,699 
4,376 


2,641 
1,870 
3,496 
2,796 
2,857 
2,633 
1,932 
1,147 
4,274 
4,830 
1,170 
1,394 
956 
1,5.S1 
1,646 
717 
556 
1,896 
1,689 
2,866 
1,048 
1,723 


2,899 
1,317 
1,738 
l,f»39 
146 
504 
6,310 
1,486 


138 


628 
1,693 

432 
1,605 


2,248 


126 
639 


866 


1,918 
1,568 
1,681 
1,246 
2,416 


726 


2,603 
1,718 
1,256 
1,227 
2,896 
1,016 
1,265 
2,586 
1,353 
1,703 
1,628 
1,331 
1,629 


423 

1,878 

6,481 

4,698 

6,106 

6,681 

1,672 

4,418 

1,977 

4,284 

3,256 

5,619 

2,762 

2,854 

1,404 

4,804 

6.133 

1,332 

1,510 

1,006 

1,940 

1,436 

768 

764 

2,518 

1,927 

2,307 

1,079 

3,261 

243 

2,942 

1,219 

883 

1,276 

196 

810 

6,276 

2,583 

986 

646 

359 

166 

1,148 

1,775 

1,565 

2,444 

631 

967 

1,101 

2,177 

463 

1,017 

848 

1,724 

692 

679 

722 

996 

1,838 

509 

311 

572 

1,619 

1,827 

1,760 

703 

266 

188 

1,279 

1,988 

1,746 

690 

1,178 

499 

1,163 

66 

2,796 

1,538 

2,226 

1,590 

3,719 

1,233 

1,468 

2,779 

l,16i 

1,860 

1,689 

2,023 

1,627 


»  Sinee  1870,  part  to  Holton. 

*  In  1877,  part  to  Spalding. 

•  Since  1870.  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  part  to  Webster. 
»  In  1873,  part  to  Leon, 
«  Exclusive  of  Ottumwa. 


?  In  1875,  part  of  Pleasant  an- 
nexed. 
•  In  1876,  part  to  Agency. 


•  In  1873,  part  to  Cross  Timbers. 
10  Since    1870,   area   mncb    re- 
duced. 

267 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUBNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Piaoe. 


Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre — tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.tp. 

Centre  Bridge p.h. 

Centre  Brook p.v. 

Centreburg p.v. 

Centre  City p.T. 

Centre  Creek p.tp. 

Centrefleld «p.h. 

Centre  Grove tp. 

Centre  Grove tp. 

Centre  Hall p.v. 

Centre  Harbor tp. 

Centre  Harbor p.v. 

Centre  Hill p.v. 

Centre  Junction.. ..p.v. 
Centre  Moreland...p.v. 
Centre  Moriches  ...p.v. 

Centre  Plains tp. 

Centre  Point tp. 

Centre  Point p.v. 

Centre  Point p.v. 

Centre  Point p.v. 

Centre  Point p.h. 

Centre  Point p.v. 

Centreport h. 

Centreport p.v. 

Centre  Batland p.v. 

Centre  Sandwich. ..p.Y. 

Ceutreton p.h. 

Contreton p.v. 

Centretown p.v. 

Centre  Valley p.v. 

Contreview tp. 

Ceiitreview p.v. 

Centre\iUe p.v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Ceil  treville p.v. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville p.tp. 

Centreville.- tp. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville tp, 

Centreville h. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville v. 

Cen  treville  i tp. 

Centreville p.y. 

Centreville tp. 

Centreville p.h. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville p.h. 

Centreville.- p.tp, 

Centreville ....v. 

Centreville y. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville y. 

Centreville.- y. 

Centreville— y. 

Centreville- p.y. 

Centreville....- p.y. 

Centreville y. 

Centreville.- y. 

Centreville p.y. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville ....v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville ....T. 

Centreville y. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville— v. 

Cen  trevi  lie p.v. 

Centreville* tp. 


County. 


Butler 

Columbia. 

Greene 

Indiana 

Perry „ 

Snyder 

Oconee 

Bichland 

Outagamie 

Bock 

Bucks 

Middlesex 

Knox 

Chisago 

Martin 

Highland 

Dickinson 

Guilford , 

Centre 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Centre 

Jones 

Wyoming 

Suffolk 

Crawford 

Howard 

Howard 

Clay 

Linn 

Atchison 

Kerr 

Cayuga 

Suffolk 

Butland 

Carroll 

Salem 

Huron 

Cole 

Lehigh 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Alameda 

Butte 

EI  Dorado 

Fresno 

Mendocino 

New  Haven.... 

New  Castle 

Bois6 

Spencer 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Appanoose 

Boone 

Linn 

Neosho 

Bourbon 

St.  Mary's 

Washington-.. 

Frederick 

Queen  Anne... 

Barnstable 

Worcester. 

Leelenaw 

St.  Joseph , 

Anoka 

Anoka 

Amite 

Hunterdon.... 

Alleghany 

Chautauqua.... 

Onondaga 

Steuben -., 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Gallia 

Montgomery ., 

Umatilla 

Butler 

Columbia. 

Crawford 

Cumberltwid... 

Elk -. 

Indiana -. 

Lehigh 

Northampton. 

Snyder 

Washington... 

Kent 

Anderson 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Pa. 

Pa-.... 
Pa-.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  0.... 
8.  C... 
Wis.-. 
Wis— 

Pa. 

Conn.. 
Ohio-, 
Minn. 
Minn. 
Ohlo- 
lowa.. 
N.O- 

Pa 

N.  H. 
N.  H. 
Pa 

Iowa. 
Pa..... 

N.T- 

Mich. 

Ark... 

Ark.- 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Mo... 

Tex 

N.  T 

N.  Y — 

Vt 

N.  H.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Cal  

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Del 

Idaho. .. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me. 

Md 

Md 

Mass.... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Minn... 

Minn... 

Misa..... 

N.  J 

N.T 

N.  T 

N.T_... 

N.T-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Oregon. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa- 

B.  I-... 

8.  0 


843 
1,322 
1,777 
1,665 
1,121 

886 
1,910 
1,124 
1,201 
1,064 


377 

128 

283 

1,110 


446 


226 
443 


166 


1,077 
1,037 


1,034 
889 


146 


916 


939 
749 
687 


1,043 


366 


1,880 


980 

1,255 

1,843 

1,265 

1,120 

1,060 

3,086 

3,874 

1,696 

1,105 

130 

676 

400 

33 

263 

130 

674 

906 

360 

621 

119 

108 

190 

108 

396 

154 

1,643 

316 

295 

603 

86 

134 

95 

425 

731 

226 

126 

132 

154 

349 

1,68:^ 

227 

203 

60 

91 

108 

66 

191 

133 

217 

100 

126 

876 

2,475 

50 

1,563 

1,054 

126 

254 

137 

80 

1,196 

388 

404 

658 

705 

876 

130 

76 

54 

956 

125 

200 

298 

109 

117 

272 

274 

221 

418 

291 

307 

147 

444 

169 

349 

140 

250 

150 

904 

1,977 


Place. 


County. 


Centreville p.v. 

Centreville.- p.v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville v. 

Centre  Ville y. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville tp. 

Centropolis tp. 

Centropolis .p.y. 

Ceralvo p.h. 

Ceredo p.Y. 

Ceres p.h. 

Ceres -...tp. 

Ceres -h. 

Ceresco .tp. 

Cerretoe y. 

Cerro  Gordo p.h. 

Cerro  Gordo tp. 

Cerro  Gordo p.v. 

Cerro  Gordo p.tp. 

Cerro  Gordo p.v. 

Cerro  Gordo p.h. 

Cessna -.tp. 

Ceylon -h. 

Chadd's  Ford p.v. 

Chaffee p.y. 

Chagrin  Falls tp. 

Chagrin  Falls p.v. 

Chalfont p.v. 

Chalk  Bluff. p.tp. 

Chalk  Level* p.tp. 

Challis -p.y. 

Chalmers tp. 

Chalmers -p.y. 

Chambersburg tp. 

Chambersburg p.y. 

Chambersburg h. 

Chambersburg p.y. 

Chamliersburg b. 

Chambersburg tp. 

Chambersburg h. 

Chambersburg p.y. 

Chambersburg p.b. 

ChamberBville p.y. 

Chamois p.v. 

Champagnolle tp. 

Champagnolle p.h. 

Champaign .tp. 

Champaign c. 

Champion p.tp. 

Champion p.tp. 

Champion p.tp. 

Champlain -tp. 

Champlain p.v. 

Champlln tp. 

Champlin p.h. 

Chana p.v. 

Chanarambie -tp. 

Chanceford p.tp. 

Chandler -tp. 

Chandler ..tp. 

Chandlersville p.y. 

Chandlerville p.y. 

Chaneysville p.v. 

Chanhassen tp. 

Channalion .p.tp. 

Channte p.v. 

Chapel -.p.tp. 

Chapel  Hill p.y. 

Chapel  Hill p.h. 

Chapel  Hill tp. 

Chapel  Hill p.y. 

Chapel  Hill p.v. 

Chapel  Hill .p.v. 

Chapin p.v. 

Cbapin .p.h. 

Chapin .p.tp. 

Chapinville -...p.v. 

Chaplin p.tp. 

Chaplin p.y. 

Chapman h. 

Chapman tp. 

Chapman p.v. 

Chapman tp. 

Chapman  * _.tp. 

Chapman b. 

Chapman tp. 

Chapman  vllle v. 

Chappaqua p.y. 

Chardon tp. 

Cbardon p.v. 


Hickman  - Tenn  ... 

Leon Tex 

Fairfax- Va 

King  and  Queen..  Va 

Monroe W.Va-. 

Tyler. W.Va.- 

Manitowoc Wis 

Franklin Kan 

Franklin Kan 

Ohio Ky 

Wayne W.Va- 

Alleghany N.  T- 

McKean Pa — 

McKean Pa 

Blue  Earth Minn 

Los  Angeles Cal ... 

Inyo Cal... 

Piatt Ill 

Piatt ni 

Lac  Qui  Parle-...  Minn 

Columbus N.  C- 

Hardin Tenn 

Hardin Ohl«- 

Adams Ind... 

Delaware Pa..... 

Chaffee Col 

Cuyahoga- Ohio-... 

Cuyahoga- Ohio 

Bucks Pa 

Clay Ark 

St.  Clair- Mo 

Lemhi Idaho... 

McDonough- HI 

White Ind 

Pike „ HI 

Pike HI 

Fountain Ind 

Orange Ind 

Mercer N.J 

Iredell N.  C 

Gallia. Ohio 

Montgomery Ohio-... 

Franklin Pa. 

Calhoun Ark 

Osage Mo 

Calhoun Ark 

Union Ark 

Champaign Hi 

Champaig^n Ill 

Marquette Mich.... 

Jefferson N.T 

Trumbull Ohio 

Clinton N.T 

Clinton N.T 

Hennepin Minn... 

Hennepin- Minn... 

Ogle Ill 

Murray- Minn... 

York.- Pa 

Huron Mich.... 

Manitou Mich.... 

Muskingum '  Ohio 

Cass I  111 

Bedford !  Pa 

Carver |  Minn... 

Will I  Hi... 

Neosho— I  Kan 

Howell Mo 


Stote. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


176 
221 


1,660 
1,034 


Lafayette 

Monmouth.... 

Orange 

Orange 

Marshall 

Washington.... 

Morgan 

Franklin 

Saginaw 

Litchfield 

Windham 

Nelson 

De  Kalb , 

Clay 

Dickinson 

Ottawa 

Clinton 

Northampton., 

Snyder 

Venango 

Westchester.... 

Geauga 

Geauga 


Mo .... 
N.  J-. 
N.  C... 
N.  C„. 
Tenn. 
Tex..., 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Mich.. 
Conn.. 
Conn.. 

Ky 

lU 

Kan... 
Kan... 
Kan... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  T„. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 


798 


S13 


1,660 


732 


1,321 
1,016 


861 


1,484 


788 


949 


166 
6,308 


606 


6,336 
4,626 


2,166 

820 

6,080 

1,860 

292 


2,501 


190 
241 
401 


1,084 
1,164 


2,799 


602 


268 


704 


1,301 

388 

1,007 


1,772 
886 


I  In  1874,  part  to  Leland. 
268 


»  In  1878,  part  to  Anderson. 


«  In  1871,  part  to  Tabor. 


*  In  1875.  part  to  Noyea 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PtaM. 


Chariton ^ tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Charlton ......p.r, 

Charlton  1 tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chart  emont ....p.tp. 

Charles  City p.v. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston p.tp. 

Charleston p.h. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.tp. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.h. 

Charleston p.tp. 

Charleston  2 ...p.tp. 

Charleston c. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston c, 

Charleston  Fonr  Cor- 
ners  p.h. 

Charleston  Spring.h. 

Charlestown tp. 

Oharlestown p.v. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown tp. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown p.tp. 

Charlestown tp. 

Charlestown v. 

Charl  estown p.tp. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown tp. 

Charlevoix* tp. 

Charlevoix p.v. 

Charloe p.v. 

Charlotte p.tp. 

Charlotte p.v. 

Charlotte p.tp. 

Charlotte p.v. 

Charlotte tp. 

Charlotte tp. 

Charlotte p.v. 

Charlotte v. 

Charlotte c. 

Charlotte p.tp. 

Charlotteburg p.v. 

Charlotte  Hall p.v. 

Charlottesville p.v. 

Charlottesville p.v. 

Charlotte  ville p.v. 

Charlton p.tp. 

Charlton tp. 

Charlton tp. 

Charlton.- p.h. 

Charlton v. 

Charrette tp. 

Charter  Oak p.tp, 

Chartiers tp. 

Chartlers p.b. 

Chartiers tp. 

Chase v. 

Chase^ tp. 

Chase p.v. 

Chase v. 

Chasebnrg p.h. 

Chase  City p.v. 

Chase's  Mills p.h. 

Chaska.. tp. 

Chaska. p.v. 

Chateaugay tp. 

Chateaugay p.v. 

Chatfield tp. 

Chatfleld .p.v. 

Chatfleld »...p.tp, 

Chatfleld p.h. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham tp. 


Coonty. 


Appanoose 

Lacas 

Lucas 

Chariton 

Howard 

Macon 

Randolph 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Floyd 

Cochise 

Franklin 

Coles 

Coles 

Lee 

Greenwood.... 
Washington... 

Penobscot 

Kalamazoo.... 

Redwood 

Tallahatcbee . 
Mississippi .... 
Montgomery.. 
Montgomery.. 

Swain 

Tioga 

Charleston  .... 

Bradley 

Orleans 

Kanawha 


Montgomery... 

Monmouth 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Cecil 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Portage 

Chester 

Chester 

Washington.... 

Jefferson 

Calumet 

Charlevoix.... 

Charlevoix 

Paulding 

Livingston 

Clinton 

Washington..., 

Eaton 

Bates , 

Chautauqua.... 

Monroe 

Niagara 

Mecklenburg.. 
Chittenden.... 

Passaic 

St.  Mary's 

Hancock 

Albemarle 

Schoharie 

Worcester 

Otsego 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Clinton , 

Warren 

Crawford , 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Washington.., 

Worcester 

Lake 

Lake , 

Newjwrt 

Vernon , 

Mecklenburg.. 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Carver 

Carver 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Crawford 

Navarro 

Middlesex 

Sangamon 


State. 


Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mass... 
Iowa... 
Arissona 

Ark 

111.... 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Kan. 

Kan.. 

Me... 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Miss. 

Mo... 

N.Y.. 

N.T.. 

N.  C. 

Pa 

S.  C... 
Tenn 

Vt 

W.  Va.. 


N.T 

N.  J. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Md.. 

N.  H.... 

N.  H. 

Ohio. 

Pa 

Pa.... 

R.I.. 

W.  Va.. 

Wis... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Ohio.. 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Me ... 

Mich.... 

Mo.. 

N.T. 

N.T. 

N.T, 

N.  0 .... 

Vt.... 

N.  J.. 

Md.... 

Ind... 

Va... 

N.T.. 

Mass. 

Mich. 

N.T.. 

N.Y.. 

Pa 

Mo... 

Iowa.... 

Pa.,... 

Pa..... 

Pa..... 

Mass. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

R.  L.. 

Wis.... 

Va 

N.  Y.. 

Minn... 

Minn 

N.y.. 

N.T.. 
Minn 
Minn 
Ohio.. 
Tex... 
Conn 
III 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


2,601 
1,728 

651 
4,043 
1,269 
1,699 

833 
1,005 
2,166 


4,472 
2,849 
1,241 


1,191 
1,369 


636 
1,601 


2,014 
48,956 


1,278 
3,162 


3,294 

2,204 

223 

1,741 


675 
907 


1,119 

1,593 

1,250 

456 


746 


467 
2,263 
1,289 
1,682 


4,473 
1,430 


414 
2,838 


1,878 
"i",607 


131 

2,690 

67 

2,269 


1,870 
'"620 


847 
2*971' 
'1,661 
'i',24'7 


2,771 
1,460 


836 

2,740 

2,977 

1,356 

4,006 

1,104 

1,964 

765 

932 

2,421 

350 

393 

4,295 

2,867 

1,035 

76 

466 

1,110 

1,193 

304 

368 

1,028 

1,334 

61 

1,352 

2,193 

49,984 

369 

1,204 

4,192 

106 

69 

3,099 

1,103 

211 

1,587 

706 

633 

902 

60 

1,117 

2,016 

1,354 

619 

612 

54 

853 

294 

489 

2,910 

966 

1,667 

962 

260 

7,094 

1,342 

151 

81 

389 

2,676 

126 

1,900 

100 

1,474 

176 

134 

2,806 

286 

2,346 

1,862 

2,188 

197 

1,087 

273 

193 

125 

261 

114 

1,265 

1,068 

2,828 

680 

720 

1,166 

1.266 

84 

1,967 

1,377 


Plao*. 


Chatham p.v. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham p.tp. 

Chatham P-tp- 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham.. p.v. 

Chatham  _ tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham  Centre  ...p.v. 

Chatham  Port p.h. 

Chatsworth tp. 

Chatsworth p.v. 

Chattanooga h. 

Chattanooga c. 

Chattooga tp. 

Chaumont p.v. 

Chauncey v. 

Chauncey p.v. 

Chautauqua ;...p.tp. 

Chazy tp. 

Chazy p.v. 

Chebanse^ tp. 

Chebanse p.v. 

Cheboygan p.v. 

Cheek's  Creek tp. 

Cheektowaga p.tp. 

Cheever p.tp. 

Chelmsford* p.tp. 

Chelsea p.v. 

Chelsea  ' p.tp. 

Chelsea tp. 

Chelsea c. 

Chelsea p.v. 

Chelsea b. 

Chelsea pji. 

Chelsea v. 

Chelsea tp. 

Chelsea p.v. 

Chelsea p.tp. 

Cheltenham tp. 

Cheltenham p.v. 

Chemung p.tp. 

Chemung p.tp. 

Chenango tp. 

Chenango  Forks  ...p.v. 
Cheney's  Grove. .....tp. 

Chengwatana tp. 

Chenoa tp. 

Chenoa p.v. 

Cheoah tp. 

Chepachet p.v. 

Chequest tp. 

Cheraw tp. 

Cheraw p.v. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee* tp. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherry* tp. 

Cherry tp. 

Cherry tp. 

Cherry  Creek p.v. 

Cherry  Creek tp. 

Cherry  Creek p.v. 

Cherryfield p.tp. 

Cherry  Flats p.h. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Hill p.v. 

Cherry  Hill tp. 

Cherry  Lane p.tp. 

Cherry  Point  City  ..p.v. 

Cherry  Ridge p.tp. 

Cherry  Tree b. 

Cherry  Tree p.tp. 

Cherryvale p.v. 


County. 


Sangamon.... 
Barnstable.... 
Barnstable.... 

Wright 

Carroll 

Morris 

Morris 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Licking 

Medina 

Chester 

Tioga 

Pittsylvania. 

Columbia 

Barnstable ... 
Livingston ... 
Livingston... 

Mercer 

Hamilton 

Oconee 

Jefferson 

Tippecanoe.., 

Athens 

Chautauqua.. 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Cheboygan.,, 
Montgomery 

Erie 

Dickinson 

Middlesex 

Tama 

Butler 

Kennebec 

Suffolk 

Washtenaw .. 
Richmond..., 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Orange 

Orange 

Taylor 

Montgomery 
Montgomery 

McHeury 

Chemung 

Broome 

Broome 

McLean 

Pine 

McLean 

McLean 

Graham 

Providence... 
Van  Buren,., 
Chesterfield.. 
Chesterfield.. 

Colbert 

Butte 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Montgomery 
Spartanburg. 

York 

Montgomery 

Butler 

Sullivan 

White  Pine.., 
Chautauqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 
Washington.. 

Tioga 

Carroll 

Wexford 

Goodhue 

Warren 

Cecil 

Indiana. 

Alleghany.,.. 

Kdgar 

Wayne 

Indiana 

Venango,...,. 
Montgomery 


State. 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


111 

Mass,. 
Mass.. 
Minn, 
N.  H.., 
N.  J... 
N,  J.... 
N.Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Va. 

N.Y... 
Mass.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio... 
Tenn, 
8.  C..., 
N.  T,., 
Ind,,.. 
Ohio.., 
N.  Y.., 
N.  Y.., 
N.  Y.., 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich., 
N.  C, 
N.  Y.., 
Kan... 


Iowa.., 
Kan... 
Me .... 
Mass  ., 
Mich.. 
N.  Y... 

Pa 

Tenn.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Pa 

Pa. 

HI 

N.  Y.„ 

N.  y,.. 

N.  Y... 

Ill 

Minn.. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C... 
R.  I... 
Iowa.., 
8.C.... 
S.C... 
Ala...., 
Cal .... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan.... 
Kan„. 
Kan.... 
S.C... 
S.  c .... 
Kan ... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Nev...., 
N,  Y-,. 
N.  Y... 
Me ..... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Mich.. 
Minn.. 
Pa....... 

Md ..... 

Pa.. 

N.  C... 

IlL 

Pa_ 

Pa- 

P»- 

Kan ..., 


2,411 

'iei 

445 
3,715 


4,372 

1,387 

156 

980 


1,675 


1,622 
999 


6,093 
696 
370 


201 
3,064 
3,206 


2,530 


960 
2,465 

'2,374 


277 

1,238 

18,547 

1,013 


1,526 


2,462 


2,222 
1,907 
1,680 


1,164 

99 

2,351 

'i',427 


967 

2,258 

960 


719 
438 
370 


1,675 

1,895 

802 

903 

1,710 


1,359 

271 

1,760 


1,164 


884 
61 


1,976 
309 


1,101 

860 

2,326 


464 

2,250 

1,378 
274 
421 

4,276 
738 

4,574 

1,765 
131 

1,006 
123 

1,317 
643 
223 
127 

1,869 

1,054 
G7 
12,892 
718 
479 
717 
185 

3,576 

3,147 
262 

2,551 
728 

2,269 
989 

2,327 
579 

2,553 
263 
340 

l,o:;7 
21,782 

1,160 

66 

80 

855 

1,462 
415 
298 

3,236 
29e 

2,69C 

2.098 

1,590 
153 

1,826 
116 

2,036 

1,063 

1,774 
666 
982 

3,661 
918 
282 
699 

1,940 

1,523 
996 
566 
837 

2,906 

2,441 

1,570 

1,161 

2,172 
566 

1,364 
448 

1,793 
30 

1.101 
275 

1,086 
168 
196 

2,243 
627 
121 
881 
380 

1,618 
680 


>  In  1874,  part  of  Prairie  an-      «  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced, 
nexed.  4  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

»  Tn  1873,  part  tc  Duncan.  »  In  •1871,  part  to  Milks  Grove, 


•  In  1874,  part  to  Lowell.  8  in  1879,  part  to  Mineral, 

T  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced.      »  In  1879,  part  to  West  Cherry. 

269 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   ;3TATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Cherry  Valley.......tp. 

Cherry  Valley p.v. 

Cherry  Valley p.v. 

Cherry  Valley tp. 

Cherry  Valley tp. 

Cherry  Valley p.v. 

Cherry  Valley p.tp. 

Cherryville p.v. 

Cherry  ville tp. 

Cherryville p.h. 

Cherryville p.v. 

Chesaning tp. 

Chesaning p.v. 

Chesapeake  City.. ..p.v. 

Cheshire p.tp, 

Cheshire p.tp. 

Cheshire... p.tp. 

Cheshire... .....p.v. 

Cheshire... tp. 

Cheshire p.v. 

Chest  1 tp. 

Chest tp. 

Chester .tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester c. 

Chester tp. 

Chester. tp. 

Chester „ tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester. p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.h. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester. p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester. tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester ...p.v. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester c. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester p.h. 

Chester* tp. 

Chester  C.  H p.v. 

Chester  Depot p.v. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield p.v. 

Chesterfield p.v. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield p.h. 

Chesterfield p.tp. 

Chesterfield p.tp. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield p.v. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield  Centre. v. 
Chesterfield  Fact'y.p.v. 

Chesterton p.v. 

Ohestertown p.v. 

Chestertown p.v. 

Chesterville h. 

Chesterville tp. 

Chesterville p.h. 

Chesterville p.h. 

Chesterville h. 

Chesterville v. 

Chesterville p.v. 

Chestnut tp. 

Chestnut p.h. 

Chestnut  Bluffs p.h. 

Chestnut  Hill p.h. 

Chestnut  Hill p.tp. 


County. 


Winnebago... 
Winnebago.... 

Worcester 

Lake 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Ashtabula 

Hunterdon.... 

Gaston 

Gaston 

Northampton 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Cecil 

New  Haven... 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Ontario 

Gallia , 

Gallia „,.. 

Cambria , 

Clearfield. , 

Dallas , 

Desha 

Middlesex 

Logan , 

Randolph..,.., 

Wabash 

Woll8„ 

Howard- 

Howard 

Poweshiek .... 

Penobscot 

Hampden...... 

Eaton 

Ottawa. 

Olmsted 

Wabasha 

Choctaw 

Rockingham . 
Burlington..., 

Morris 

Morris 

Orange„ 

Warren 

ainton.. 

Geauga.- 

Meigs 

Meigs 

Morrow- 

Wayne— 

Delaware.-..., 

Delaware 

Chester 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Chesterfield..., 

Dodge MM, 

Chester. 

Windsor 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Madison 

Hampshire..., 
Hampshire.... 

Macomb 

Cheshire 

Burlington..., 

Kssex , 

Fulton 

Morgan 

Chesterfield.., 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Porter , 

Kent ...., 

Warren , 

Dearborn 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Kent 

Pontotoc 

Albany , 

Morrow 

Knox 

Logan , 

Crockett , 

Harford 

Ashe 


State. 


Population. 


18T0.       1880, 


ni 

1,421 

Ill 

Mass..... 

Mich.... 

^„. 

N.  T 

2,337 

N.  T 

930 

Ohio 

726 

N.  J 

N.  C 

2,003 

N.  C 

Pa 

Mich.... 

1,507 

Mich.... 

721 

Md 

1,008 

Conn..., 

2,344 

Mass..... 

1,758 

Mich.... 

1,443 

N.  Y 

Ohie 

1,896 

Ohio 

276 

Pa.. 

870 

Pa. 

1,178 

Ark 

510 

Ark 

260 

Conn.... 

1,094 

HI 

1,062 

IlL 

1,615 

Ind 

3,143 

Ind 

1,212 

Iowa.... 

324 

Iowa.... 

568 

Me 

350 

Mass.... 

1,263 

Mich.... 

1,117 

Mich.... 

1,406 

Minn.... 



Minn.... 

835 

Miss 

N.H 

1,153 

N.  J 

2,686 

N.  J 

1,743 

N.  J.-... 

_,. 

N.  T 

2,113 

N.  Y 

2,329 

Ohio 

1,173 

Ohio 

727 

Ohio 

1,656 

Ohio..... 

172 

Ohio 

1,073 

Ohio 

1,921 

Pa 

9,486 

Pa. 

1,462 

S.  0 

944 

Vt 

2,052 

Vt. 

.....M... 

Va 

.....M... 

Wis 

1,876 

S.  0 

...„ 

vt 

111 

HI 

Ind 

203 

Mass.... 

811 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

2,176 

N.  H 

1,289 

N.  J 

1,748 

N.  Y 

2,795 

Ohio 

926 

Ohio 

S.  C 

1,708 

N.  H-... 

„,,, 

N.  H-.., 

Ind 

Md 

1,871 

N.  Y 

.......... 

Ind 

Me 

1,011 

Me 

Md.. 

81 

Miss 

N.  Y 

247 

Ohio 

282 

Ill 

1,144 

Ill 

Tenn.... 

Md 



N.O.-., 


1,412 


1,271 

612 

727 

V    119 

2,260 

866 

698 

60 

2,366 

68 

123 

2,059 

889 

1,402 

2,284 

1,537 

1,404 

204 

2,030 

196 

627 

1,098 

554 

226 

1,177 

872 

2,580 

4,466 

1,668 

623 

101 

624 

362 

1,473 

1,495 

1,703 

59 

1,067 

163 

1,136 

2,855 

2,337 

705 

2,229 

2,247 

1,443 

748 

1,752 

176 

976 

2,106 

14,997 

682 

6,964 

1,901 

482 

194 

750 

1,899 

122 

1,366 

195 

150 

769 

112 

2,349 

1,173 

1,526 

2,762 

1,011 

445 

2,357 

146 

245 

488 

2,369 

349 

97 

956 

178 

48 

39 

167 

266 

1,087 

117 

127 

26 

1,815 


Place. 


Chestnut  Hill tp. 

Chestnut  Monnd...p.h 

Chestnut  Bidge p.h 

Chestonia p.tp. 

Chest  Springs p.h. 

Chetopa p.v. 

Chetopa* - tp. 

Chetopa. tp. 

Cheviot p.v. 

Chew's  Landing p.v. 

Chewsville p.h. 

Chewtown v. 

Cheyenne tp. 

Cheyenne c. 

Chicago c. 

Chicago p.v. 

Chicago p.v. 

Chicaskia -tp. 

Chicaskia tp. 

Chichalah tp. 

Chichester p.tp, 

Chickamacomico...tp. 
Chickamauga  Station. 

p.h. 

Chickaming p.tp, 

Chickasaw p.h. 

Chickasaw , tp. 

Chickasaw p.v. 

Chickasaw v. 

Chickasawba. tp. 

Chicken  Creek h. 

Chick's  Springs  _...tp. 

Chico* „.tp. 

Chico p.v. 

Chico p.v. 

Chicoa tp. 

Chicopee- p.tp. 

Chicot V. 

Chihuahua v. 

Chilhowee tp. 

Chilliowee p.v, 

Chili tp. 

Chili p.v. 

Chili p.v 

Chili- p.tp. 

Chili p.v. 

ChiUIcothe -tp. 

Chillicothe p.  v. 

Chillicothe ......p.v. 

Chillicothe* tp. 

Chillicothe.- c. 

Chillicothe ....o. 

Chillisquaque p.tp. 

Chilmark p.tp. 

Chilo - p.v. 

Chilton" tp. 

Chilton- p.T. 

Chiltonville-  - p.v. 

Chimallo ,-.v. 

China' ....tp. 

China tp. 

China tp. 

China  Grove p.h. 

Chinese  Camp p.v. 

Chino p.tp. 

Chinquepin tp. 

Chinquepin tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa. tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa  Falls.-...p.tp. 

Chippewa  Falls p.v. 

Chisago  City p.v. 

Chisago  Lake tp. 

Chismville pJi. 

Chittenango p.v. 

Chittenango  Station. 

p.h. 

Chittenden tp. 

Chittenden „.p.  v. 

Chocolay  8 tp. 

Ohoconut* p.tp. 

Ohocowinity p.tp. 

Choctaw -tp. 

Choctaw  Comer.. ..p.h. 

Chouteau tp. 

Chrisman p.v. 


County. 


Monroe— 

Smith 

Jackson 

Antrim 

Cambria 

Labette 

Neosho 

Wilson 

Hamilton 

Camden 

Washington 

Lawrence 

Barton 

Laramie 

Cook 

Marion 

Huron 

Harper 

Sumner 

Yell 

Merrimao 

Dare 

Hamilton— 

Berrien- 

Colbert.- 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Mercer 

Mississippi......^.. 

Juab 

Greenville 

Butte- 

Butte 

Wise 

Pitt 

Hampden— 

St.  Landry 

Summit 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Miami 

Monroe 

Coshocton 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Wapello 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Boss 

Northumberland. 

Dukes 

Clermont  — 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Plymouth 

Bio  Arriba 

Lee- 

Kennebec- 

St  Clair 

Bowan 

Tuolumne 

San  Bemardino.- 

Aiken 

Lexington 

Isabella. 

Mecosta. 

Douglas 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Pope 

Chippewa- 

Chisago- 

Chisago- 

Logan 

Madison 

Madison 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Marquette 

Susquehanna 

Beaufort 

Lincoln- 

Clarke 

Madison. 

Edgar 


State. 


Pa 

Tenn... 

Ind 

Mich... 

Pa 

Kan-.. 
Kan.... 
Kan  -.. 
Ohio.... 

N.J 

Md 

Pa 

Kan-.. 
Wyom. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio.... 
Kan .... 
Kan-.. 

Ark 

N.  H„.. 
N.  C 


Tenn 

Mich 

Ala... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Ohio.. 

Ark.- 

Utah. 

S.C... 

Cal ... 

Cal... 

Tex- 

N.C.- 

Mass. 

La.... 

Col ... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Mass. 
Ohio.. 
Wis- 
Wis- 
Mass. 
N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Me 

Mich.... 

N.C 

Cal 

Cal 

S.  C 

S.C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Ark 

N.  Y-... 


N.  y 

Vt 

Vt 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

N.  C 

Ark 

Ala 

Ill 

lU 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


1,419 


960 
821 
680 


1,460 
298,977 


176 
871 


992 
'i,OT6 


386 
448 


1,226 
3,714 


1,683 
9,607 


1,362 

186 

1,601 


2,367 


1,486 


211 
6,096 
3,978 
8,920 
1,697 

476 

leo 

1,617 
363 


2,351 
2,118 
1,637 


308 


253 
315 
140 
164 

2,510 
817 
116 

2,507 


775 


92 

802 


260 

939 

1,630 


1,513 

124 

81 

248 

305 

1,306 

1,203 
793 
325 
346 
110 
380 
686 

3,456 
603,186 
192 
662 
697 
364 
240 
784 
263 


I  In  1878,  part  to  Elder.  »  In  1870,  part  to  Shiloh. 

•  In    1870,    including    part  of     *  In  1872,  part  to  Dayton. 
Wa:jpun  aty.  »  In  1873,  part  to  Rich  HilL 

270 


«  In  1870,  including  Chilton  Vil-      «  In  1871,  part  to  Forsyth. 

lage.  9  In  1870,  including Friendsvilla 

'  In  1872,  part  to  Nachusa.  •  and  Little  Meadows. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Pl«c«. 


Christ  Ohnrch tp. 

Christian tp. 

Christiana bnd, 

Christiana p.y. 

Christiana tp. 

Christiana p.T. 

Christiana tp. 

Christiana p.T. 

Christiana tp. 

Christianshurg p.  v. 

Christiansburg p.v. 

Christy  1 tp. 

Chualar ....p.h. 

Chulaflnnee p.T. 

Cbnnohula. p.T. 

Church  Creels p.T. 

Churcii  Hill p.T. 

Church  Hill t. 

Churchill tp. 

Churchtown t. 

Chuschtown p.T. 

ChurchTille ..h. 

ChurchTllle p.T. 

ChurchTille p.h, 

ChurchTille t. 

ChurchTille p.T. 

Churubuaco p.T. 

Chnrubusco p.T. 

Cicero tp. 

Cicero p.T. 

Cicero tp. 

Cicero ^ tp. 

Cicero p.T. 

Cicero tp. 

Cimarron p.T. 

Cincinnati p.T. 

Cincinnati ...tp. 

Cincinnati p.h. 

Cincinnati p.T. 

Cincinnati tp. 

Cincinnati h. 

Cincinnati c. 

Clncinnatus tp. 

Cincinnatus ..p.T. 

Cinnaminson p.tp. 

Cinque  Homme  *...tp. 

Circle  Valley _t. 

CircleTille «..p.h, 

CircleTille tp. 

CircleTille c. 

CircleTille ....h. 

CircleTille ......t. 

Cisco p.h. 

Cisco ......p.h. 

Oisne ........p.h. 

Cistern p.h. 

Citronelle p.T. 

City  Island »«..p.T. 

City  Point p.T. 

Civil  Bend p.h. 

CladersTille h. 

Claiborne p.T. 

Claiborne „.tp. 

Clam  Falls p.tp. 

Clam  Lake tp. 

Clum  Union tp. 

Claucy p.h. 

Clapper p.h. 

Clapper  Street t. 

Clara p.tp. 

Clare p.T. 

Claremont tp. 

Claremont p.T. 

Claremont tp. 

Claremont p.T. 

Claremont p.tp. 

Claremont t. 

Clarence p.h. 

Clarence p.T. 

Clarence tp. 

Clarence tp. 

Clarence ....p.T. 

Clarence ...p.tp. 

Clarendon p.T. 

Clarendon .«.tp. 

Clarendon tp. 

Clarendon t. 

Clarendon p.tp. 

Claridon p.tp. 

Claridon „.tp. 


County. 


Charleston 

Independence 

New  Castle 

Kew  Castle 

Jackson 

Lancaster 

Dane 

Dane 

Vernon 

Shelby 

Montgomery  .. 

Lawrence 

Monterey  _ 

Cleburne 

Mobile 

Dorchester 

Queen  Anne... 

Dauphin 

Ogemaw 

Cumberland.... 

Lancaster 

Warren 

Monroe... 

Bucks 

Dauphin 

Augusta 

Whitley 

Clinton 

Cook 

Hamilton... 

Tipton 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Outagamie 

Colfax 

Washington.... 

Tazewell 

Oreene 

Appanoose 

Harrison 

Montgomery  .. 

Hamilton 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Burlington 

Perry 

Pi  Ute 

Jackson. 

Pickaway., 

Pickaway 

Westmoreland. 

Pendleton.. 

Placer. 

Piatt 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Mobile 

Westchester.... 
Prince  George. 

DaTiess 

Lehigh 

Monroe 

Union 

Polk 

Wexford 

Missaukee 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Schuylkill 

Potter 

Clare 

Bichland 

Richland 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Sullivan 

Alleghany 

Ford 

Cedar 

Barton , 

Calhoun 

Shelby 

Brie 

Monroe 

Calhoun 

Orleans... 

Warren 

Rutland 

Geauga 

Marion 


State. 


S.C 

Ark 

Del 

Del 

Minn... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Va 

Ill 

Cal 

Ala 

Ala 

Md 

Md 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 
N.  T..... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Va 

Ind 

N.  T 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  T 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.Mex. 
Ark.-... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Md 

Ohio.... 

N.  T 

N.  T 

N.J. 

Mo 

Utah.... 

Kan 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa.. 

W.  Va- 

Cal 

Ill- 

HI 

Tex 

Ala 

N.  y 

Va 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ala 

Ohio — 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mon 

Mo 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Mich.... 

Ill 

HI- 

Minn... 
Minn... 
N.  H.... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ark 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa- 

Vt 

Ohio 

Ohio 


Popniatlon. 


1870.      1880, 


4,493 

1,327 

6,370 

443 


1,342 
*i',133 


864 
2,904 


1,646 

422 

3,64« 

2,902 

212 


768 


447 


216,239 

1,156 

360 

3,112 

2,910 


6,922 
6,407 


1,947 


196 

'i',278 
120 
638 


4,063 


726 


1,076 

444 

3,147 


1,150 
1,668 


1,173 

909 

1,483 


6,153 

1,891 

6,140 
390 
436 
469 

1,869 
147 

1,306 
146 
766 

2,069 

46 

47 

214 

331 

230 

178 

146 

346 

200 

66 

613 

26 

238 

246 

720 

111 

6,182 
716 

4,078 

2,934 

276 

777 

290 

200 

871 

87 

189 

661 

54 

266,139 

1,093 
429 

2,184 

1,449 

67 

122 

6,541 

6,046 

149 

88 

73 

173 

186 

67 

169 

989 

484 

78 

96 

199 

2,768 
116 
620 
402 
76 
39 
448 
238 
602 

1,731 
163 
682 
269 

4,704 

413 

41 

607 

489 

1,178 
570 

3,495 
400 

1,263 

1,797 
295 

1,106 
808 

1,771 


Place. 


Clarinda p.T. 

Clarington .p.T. 

Clarion tp. 

Clarion* tp. 

Clarion p.T. 

Clarion tp. 

Clarion p.h. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark p.h. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark ^. 

Clark< tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clarke -tp. 

Clarke —tp. 

Clarke -.tp. 

Clarke t. 

Clarkestown p.h. 

Clarkesville p.T. 

Clark  Furnace t, 

Clarksborongh p.T. 

Clarksburg .t. 

Clarksburg p.T. 

Clarksburg. .p.T. 

Clarksburg tp. 

Clarksburg p.T. 

Clarksburg p.h. 

Clarksburg p.T. 

Clarksburg p.T. 

Clark's  Comere p.h. 

Clark's  Creek- tp. 

Clarksdale p.h. 

Clarksfield tp. 

Clarksfield -.p.T. 

Clark's  Fork* p.tp. 

Clark's  Green p.T. 

Clark's  Hill p.T. 

Clark's  Mills. p.T. 

Clark's  Mills „p.h. 

Clark's  Mills -.p.h. 

Clarkson -tp. 

Clarkson - p.T. 

Clark's  Station t. 

Clark's  Summit. ..-p.T. 

Clarkston p.h. 

Clarkston p.T. 

Clarkston p.h. 

Clarkstown tp. 

ClarksTille -p.T. 

Clarksrille .p.T. 

ClarksTille ....-h. 

Clarksvllle -t. 

ClarksTille t. 

ClarksTille p.T. 

ClarksTille tp. 

ClarksTill  e p.T. 

ClarksTille .......p.T. 

ClarksTille p.tp, 

ClarksTille p.T. 

ClarksTille ......tp. 

ClarksTille t. 

Clarksvllle t. 

Clarksvllle t. 

ClarksTille t. 

Clarksvllle h. 

ClarksTille -.tp. 

ClarksTille -p.T. 

ClarksTille t. 

ClarksTille „..-.p.T. 

CTarksTille b. 

ClarksTille -p.T. 

ClarksTille ......h. 

ClarksTille p.T. 

Clarkton p.T. 

Clarkton .p.T. 

Clarktown h. 

Clamo tp. 

OlarysTille -t. 

Olaverack tp. 

ClaTerack p.T. 


County. 


Page 

Monroe , 

Bureau 

Wright 

Wright 

Clarion 

Clarion 

Greene 

Logan 

Pike 

Pope 

Clark 

Johnson 

Montgomery 

Perry , 

Tama 

Faribault. 

Atchison 

Cole 

Lincoln , 

Wright. 

Union 

Brown 

Chariton 

Clinton 

Coshocton 

Washington.. 

Lycoming 

Habersham... 

Stewart. 

Gloucester...., 

DaTiess 

Decatur 

Montgomery 

Berkshire 

Monmonth..., 

Ross 

Carroll 

Harrison 

Ashtabula. .. 

Morris 

Christian 

Haron 

Huron 

Cooper 

Lackawanna. 
Tippecanoe... 

Oneida 

Mercer 

Manitowoc.... 

Monroe- 

Monroe- 

Lake - 

Lackawanna. 

DeKalb 

Oakland , 

Cache 

Rockland  -... 

Johnson , 

El  Dorado 

Clark 

Clarke 

Hamilton 

Butler 

Big  Stone 

Pike 

Merrick , 

Coos 

Albany 

Alleghany.... 

Alleghany 

Madison 

Niagara , 

Otsego 

Dare , 

DaTie , 

Clinton ., 

Alleghany...., 

Greene 

Mercer 

Montgomery . 
Bennington .., 
Mecklenburg 

Dunklin 

Bladen 

Washington- 
Green 

Alleghany.... 
Columbia-.-.. 
Columbia.. ..- 


Stet«. 


Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ill- 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ark.-... 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Dakota. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J 

Ohio 

Mo 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

R.  I 

Pa 

Ga 

Tenn.... 

N.  J 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Mass.... 
N.  J„.... 
Ohio-... 
Tenn ... 
W.Va- 
Ohlo-... 
Kan-.... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Mo 

Pa- 

Ind 

N.  Y-... 
Pa- 

WiB.-... 

N.  Y — 
N.Y-... 

Ind 

Pa- 

Ga. 

Mich.... 
Utah.... 
N.  Y-... 
Ark  -... 

Oal 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Neb.-... 
N.  H.... 
N.Y-... 
N.  Y — 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Vt 

Va 

Mo 

N.  C — 

Pa. 

Wis.-... 

Md 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y..... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,022 
728 

1,023 
163 
37 

1,069 
709 
600 


966 


1,474 

2,176 

1,667 

336 

347 

1,276 

800 

1,887 


331 
1,691 

939 
1,877 

867 


263 


686 


320 
1,062 
1,126 


420 
*i^884 


163 

4,137 

466 


1462 


236 

784 


150 
300 


919 
389 


369 
3,200 


1,637 
3,871 


2,011 

916 

861 

46S 

147 

1,446 

1,169 

744 

860 

1,056 

1,008 

26 

1,486 

2,401 

2,096 

1,109 

248 

2,037 

1,646 

1,904 

466 

363 

1,761 

1,136 

2,006 

1,041 

161 

71 

291 

800 

180 

289 

402 

157 

724 

106 

308 

101 

2,307 

40 

447 

137 

1,042 

242 

1,406 

207 

236 

393 

76 

84 

2,100 

319 

100 

92 

33 

368 

464 

4,378 

666 

67 

79 

1037 

166 

818 

207 

1,493 

208 

328 

260 

862 

93 

681 

189 

186 

68 

1,102 

367 

169 

206 

3,880 

84 

688 

314 

76 

T6 

1,422 

90 

4,347 

311 


*  Since  1870,  part  to  Bridgeport. 
'*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  In  1879,  part  to  Dayton. 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Oranford. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Pr»irle  Horn* 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Clay tp. 

Clay... - tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay. tp. 

Clay„ - tp. 

Clay.. «. tp. 

Clay.. - tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay „ tp. 

Clayi tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay» tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Olay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Olay tp. 

Clay» tp. 

Clay.- p.tp. 

Clay— ~..tp. 

Clay™ tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay - tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay< tp. 

Clay  6 » tp. 

Olay ~. tp. 

Olay tp. 

Olay tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay p.tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

CUy-. tp. 

Clay* tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay ^. 

Clay  Bank p.tp. 

Clay  Banks- p.tp. 

Clayborg- p.v. 

Clay  Centre  T.- tp. 

Clay  Centre p.v. 

Clay  Centre p.v. 

Clay  Centre v. 

Clay  City tp. 

Clay  City- p.T. 

Clay  City p.v. 

Clay  Lick p.h. 

Clay  Mills. p.h. 

Claymont- p.h. 

Claysburg v. 

Claysburg v, 

Claysville v. 

Claysville v. 

ClaygTille p.h. 

01ay8ville v. 

Claysville p.h. 

Claysville p.b. 

Claysville v. 

Claysville v. 

Clayton t. p.v. 


Bradley 

Columbia 

Wliite 

Bartholomew.. 

Carroll 

Cass 

Dearborn 

Decatnr 

Hamilton 

Hendricks 

Howard 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pike 

Spencer 

St.  Joseph-,,,., 

Wayne , 

Clay , 

Grundy 

Hardin— 

Harrison — 

Jones- 

Marion.- 

Polk 

Shelby 

Washington-., 

Wayne 

Webster , 

Butler , 

Beno ...„ 

St  Clair- 

Adair , 

Andrew , 

Atchison , 

Clarke , 

Douglas 

Dunklin 

Greene 

Harrison 

Holt 

Lafayette 

Linn , 

Monroe.- , 

Balls , 

Saline 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Onondaga , 

Guilford 

Auglaize 

Gallia. 

Highland 

Knox 

Montgomery.., 
Muskingum..., 

Ottawa 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas.,,, 

Butler , 

Huntingdon- 
Lancaster-.... 

Oceana 

Door 

Clinton 

Clay 

Clay 

Clay 

Ottawa 

Clay 

Clay 

Clay 

Franklin 

Jones- 

New  Castle.... 

Clarke 

Blair 

Huntington  -. 

Bourbon 

Harrison 

Salem 

Guernsey 

Washington- 
Providence..., 

Wood 

Barbour 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa. .., 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.,., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

N,  T 

N,  C... 
Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio-.,, 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.,.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Mich... 
Wis,-,., 
N.  Y-. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.., 
Neb.-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa. 

Iowa... 

Del 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

N.  J 

Ohio- 
Pa 

B.I 

W.Va.. 
Ala 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


630 

367 

617 

778 

949 

814 

1,269 

2,065 

1,413 

1,571 

1,350 

1,973 

1,248 

972 

1,234 

1,284 

747 

1,386 

1,442 

1,094 

310 

329 

1,394 

456 

925 

1,372 


129 

788 
473 


1,476 
1,340 


1,673 

1,119 

333 

1,426 

840 

911 

887 

3,508 

939 

1,618 

1,701 


1,433 

887 
3,166 

835 
1,095 
1,400 
1,345 

940 
2,541 

776 
2,174 

927 
1,206 
1,062 

818 
1,440 

462 

319 


1,134 


1,364 
594 


118 

284 


123 


882 

920 

842 

794 

1,001 

833 

1,479 

1,973 

1,633 

1,965 

1,340 

1,163 

1,408 

1,098 

1,363 

1,219 

946 

1,855 

1,460 

1,063 

342 

958 

1,373 

567 

781 

2,593 

1,065 

860 

672 

803 

345 

410 

441 

1,523 

1,832 

1,193 

2,181 

1,202 

526 

1,760 

852 

1,074 

1,399 

3,461 

1,432 

1,555 

1,700 

2,242 

1,761 

1,062 

2,910 

1,011 

1,346 

1,507 

1,449 

926 

3,063 

887 

3,616 

1,148 

1,293 

1,036 

891 

1,601 

649 

653 

299 

2,862 

1,753 

68 

147 

1,450 

612 

419 

64 

43 

30 

163 

178 

63 

466 

134 

281 

119 

323 

170 

88 

761 


Clayton p.v, 

Clayton p,v, 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton p.v, 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton p,v, 

Clayton  K~ tp. 

Clayton p.T. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v, 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton h. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton tp, 

Clayton  Centre v. 

Clayville.- p.h, 

Clayville p.v. 

Clayville.- p.v. 

Clayville b. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek p.tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek- tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek  » p.tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek p.h. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek p.tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clearfield  w — .tp. 

Clearfield" tp. 

Clearfield- p.b. 

Clearfield tp. 

Clear  Fork tp. 

Clear  Grit p.h. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake  i* tp. 

Clear  Lake p.v. 

Clear  Lake ....tp. 

Clear  Lake  i*....'.....p.tp. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake p.v. 

Clear  Spring.........p.v. 

Clear  Spring tp. 

Clear  Spring p.v, 

Clearville p.h. 

Clear  Water. p.tp. 

Clear  Water. tp. 

Clear  Water p.v. 

Cleaveland p.v. 

Cleburne  „ p.v. 

Clement tp, 

Clement p.v. 

Clemmonsville p.tp, 

Cleon tp. 

Cleona— tp, 

Cleora p.v, 

Clermont p,v, 

Clermont tp. 

Clermont p.v, 

Clermont tp. 

Clermont- p.v. 

Cleveland p,v. 

Cleveland p.v. 


Kent 

Babun :., 

Adams 

Adams 

Woodford 

Hendricks 

Clayton  

Clayton 

Taylor 

Bay 

Genesee 

Lenawee 

Mower 

Vernon 

Gloucester , 

Gloucester , 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Johnson , 

Johnson , 

Miami , 

Perry 

Panola , 

Crawford 

Polk 

Winnebago 

Clayton 

Clay 

Webster , 

Oneida 

Jefferson , 

Drew 

Hot  Spring 

Sevier 

Huntington 

Monroe 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Keokuk 

Marion.- 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie.—. 

Stafford 

Cooper , 

Vernon 

Saunders 

Henderson 

Mecklenburg 

Ashland 

Fairfield 

Warren 

Butler,. 

Cambria 

Clearfield 

Juneau 

Marshall 

Fillmore 

Mississippi 

Sangamon 

Steuben 

Cerro  Gordo , 

Cerro  Gordo 

Hamilton 

Sherburne 

Polk 

Polk 

Jackson 

La  Grange 

Washington 

Bedford 

Kalkaska 

Wright 

Wright 

Bradley. 

Johnson 

Clinton 

Clinton.- 

Davidson 

Wexford 

Scott 

Chaffee 

Marion 

Fayette- 

Fayette 

Columbia 

Columbia , 

White 

Henry 


Population. 


1870.  I   1880. 


Del.. 

Ga, 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..,. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..,. 
Mich,,,. 
Mich..,. 
Mich.,.. 
Minn  ,„ 

Mo 

N,  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y-„. 
N.  Y-... 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.,.. 

Ark 

Ky 

N.  T— . 

Pa. 

Ark 

Ark. 

Ark 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.  -, 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan.... 
Kan..., 
Kan.,,, 
Kan...., 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb , 

N.  C 

N.C-.. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio- 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Wis 

Kan.... 
Minn ., 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 

Iowa..,. 

Iowa.,.. 

Minn,., 

Wis,.. 

Wis.., 

Ind.,, 

Ind... 

Md„, 

Pa 

Mich. 
Minn 
Minn 
Tenn 
Tex,,. 

Ill 

HI 

N.C. 
Mich. 
Iowa. 
Col.... 
Ind.  . 
Iowa. 
Iowa, 
N.  T- 
N.Y,. 
Ga.,,,, 
Ill 


114 

70 
2,063 


1,022 

"'mo 

T,()47 


3,674 


4,082 
1,020 
1,634 


1,196 
"i',4r6 
T,'340 


170 

944 

189 

776 

231 

356 

1,273 

1,326 

1,125 

728 

1,118 


367 


1,198 
446 


615 
1,198 
1,743 
2,606 

847 
1,531 
1,361 

203 


126 
1,666 
466 
175 
775 
131 
137 


1,223 
702 


662 


1,668 
686 


978 

'siV 


1,263 
T,02'i 
'"'l46 


>  It  1870,  part  to  Lake. 

»  In  1878,  part  to  Lone  Tree. 

>  In  1873,  part  to  Monroe. 

272 


*  In  1874,  part  to  Colfax. 
5  In  1874,  part  to  Hickory. 
«  In  1870,  including  Sunbnry. 


T  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 
8  In  1878,  part  to  Glassborongh. 
>  In  1879,  part  to  Marion. 


w  In  1870,  including  Coyleville. 
"  In  1877,  part  to  Dean. 
1*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
>«  In  1871,  part  to  Becker 


POPULATION   OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Clereland tp. 

Cleveland p.T. 

Clevelaod tp. 

Cleveland p.T. 

Cleveland p.h. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleveland p.v. 

Cleveland p.v. 

Cleveland c. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleversbnrg p.v. 

Cleves p.v. 

Clifford p.v. 

Clifford tp. 

Clifford  1 p.tp. 

Clifton p.v, 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton p.v, 

Clifton „tp. 

Clifton h. 

Clifton „.p.tp. 

Clifton* p.tp 

CHfton tp. 

Clifton „.tp. 

Clifton V. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton .V. 

CUflon V. 

Clifton p.tp. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton .p.v. 

Clifton V. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton „.p.tp. 

Clifton tp. 

Cliftondale :p.v. 

Cliftondale v. 

Clifton  Forge p.v. 

Clifton  Mills p.v. 

Clifton  Park tp. 

Clifton  Park p.v. 

Clifton  Springs p.v. 

Clifton  Station p.h. 

Clifty tp. 

.     Clifty tp. 

I'    Climax ......tp. 

*^   Climax p.v. 

Olines ....tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton v. 

Clinton p.tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton „tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton c. 

Clinton* tp. 

Clinton^ tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton „tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton „p.tp, 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton h. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton „tp. 

Clinton _p.v. 

Clinton tp. 


Elkhart 

Hancock 

Whitley 

Lucas 

Kingman 

Leelenaw 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Oswego 

Cuyahoga 

Greenville 

Cumberland 

Hamilton 

Bartholomew... 

Butler 

Susquehanna... 

Iroquois 

Washington 

Washington 

Wilson 

Woodford 

Penobscot 

Keweenaw 

Lyon 

Bandolph 

Bandolpb 

Monroe 

St.  Lawrence... 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Alleghany 

Lackawanna ... 

Wayne 

Bosque 

Mason 

Grant 

Monroe- 

Pierce 

Essex 

Ulster 

Alleghany 

Breckenridge... 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Ontario 

Fairfax 

Carroll 

Bartholomew... 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Catawba 

Van  Baren 

Nevada 

Middlesex , 

Jones 

De  Kalb 

DeWltt 

Boone 


State. 


Decatur...» 

Elkhart 

La  Porte 

Putnam 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Linn 

Pocahontas 

Binggold-. 

Sac 

Wayne 

Douglas 

Hickman 

East  Feliciana.. 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Worcester. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind.., 
Iowa, 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

S.  C 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ind 

Kan..... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Kan_... 
Kan_... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn..„ 

Tex 

W.  Va„ 

Wis 

Wis. 

Wi8._... 

Mass... 

N.  Y 

Va 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.Y„... 
N.  Y„... 

Va. 

Ark 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  C 

Ark 

Cal 

Conn.... 

6a. 

Ill 

HI- 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Me. 

Mass.... 
Lenawee I  Mich... 


2,041 


1,062 


896 

92,829 

814 


Lenawee. 
Macomb  . 
Houston.. 

Rock , 

Hinds 

Clinton... 
Douglas... 
Uenry  .... 
Henry  .... 
Texas 


Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 
Miss.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


1,632 


713 


918 


348 
615 


221 
263 


1,076 
601 
616 


2,657 


746 


1,133 
1,389 


1,904 


1,404 

362 
1,004 
1,800 
1,220 
1,021 

828 
2,099 

797 
1,036 
2,223 

664 
6,129 
7,970 

476 

1,205 

55 

341 


643 

1,030 

272 

930 

1,766 


6,429 

1,356 

762 

1,822 


640 

721 


557 
77 

2,295 
380 
37 
396 
991 
156 
724 
160,146 
877 
174 
836 
134 
467 

1,454 
474 

1,590 
142 
977 
99 
350 
247 
204 
844 
132 
150 
71 
310 

1,046 
209 
282, 
300 
113 
974 

1,078 
884 
703 
559 
371 
299 
36 

2,454 

49 

902 

94 

401 

1,067 

1,493 
268 

2,134 
166 
82 

1,402 
294 

1,174 

2,709 

1,487 
991 
708 

2,093 
820 

1,016 

3,009 
965 

9,052 

10,054 

307 

1,118 
164 
831 
522 
609 

1,005 
606 

1,129 

1,665 
371 

8,029 

1,677 
927 

2,000 
46 
237 
669 
874 
975 

3,849 

2,868 

1,146 


Place. 


Connty. 


8Ut«. 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880, 


Clinton tp. 

Clinton^ tp. 

Clinton p.b. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton „ tp. 

Clinton « p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton ..tp. 

Clinton v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton ..tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton v. 

Clinton .tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton «tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton v. 

Clinton p.tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton  City h. 

Clintondale p.h. 

Clintondale p.v. 

Clinton  Falls tp. 

Clinton  Falls p.h. 

Clinton  Grove h. 

Clintonia tp. 

Clinton  Lock p.h. 

Clinton  Mills h. 

Clinton  Valley p.h. 

Clintonvllle v. 

Clintonville p.h. 

Clintonvllle p.v. 

Clintonville p.v. 

Clintonville p.v. 

Clintonville p.v. 

Clio p.h. 

Clio p.v. 

Clipper V. 

Clitherall p.tp. 

Clockville p.v. 

Clontarf tp. 

Clopton p.v. 

Cloutierville p.v. 

Clover tp. 

Clover tp. 

Clover p.h. 

Cloverdale tp. 

Cloverdale p.T. 

Cloverdale tp. 

Cloverdale p.v. 

CIoTerdale p.h. 

CloTer  Hill t. 

Cloverport p.b. 

Cluttsville p.h. 

Clyde p.v. 

Clyde tp. 

Clyde p.T. 

Clyde tp. 

Clyde tp. 

Clyde p.v. 

Clyde p.T. 

Clyde T. 

Clyde p.tp. 

Clyman p.tp 

Clymer p.tp. 

Clymer tp. 

Coal tp. 

Coal tp. 

Coal tp. 

Coal  Bluff p.h. 

Coal  Cnstle v. 

Coal  City p.h. 

Coal  Creek p.T. 

Coal  Creek tp. 

Coaldale t. 

Coalfield p.T. 


Essex 

Hunterdon 

Hunterdon 

Clinton 

Dutchess 

Oneida 

Sampson 

Sampson 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Huron 

Knox 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Summit 

Vinton 

Wayne 

Alleghany 

Armstrong 

Butler 

Lawrence. 

Lycoming 

Venango 

Wayne , 

Wyoming 

Laurens 

Anderson 

DeWitt 

Harris 

Barron 

Dane 

Bock 

Vernon 

Callaway 

Ulster 

Clinton- 

Steele 

Steele 

Hillsborough 

DeWitt 

Parke 

Lycoming 

Clinton 

Kane 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Venango 

Waupaca 

Wayne 

Genesee 

Baltimore 

Otter  Tail 

Madison 

Swift. 

Dale 

Natchitoches 

Henry 

Jefferson 

York- 

Sonoma. 

Sonoma. 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Chautauqua 

Chesterfield 

Breckenridge 

Madison 

Cook 

Whiteside 

Cloud 

Allegan 

St.  Clair 

Wayne 

Sandusky 

Kent 

Iowa 

Dodge 

Chautauqua 

Tioga 

Vernon.- 

Perry 

Nortliumberland 

Vigo 

Schuylkill 

Owen 

Anderson 

Montgomery 

Bedford 

Monroe 


N.  J-... 
N.J-... 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 

N.Y 

N.C-.. 
N.C-.. 
Ohio.... 
Obia.... 
Ohio.... 
Obia... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

8.  C 

Tenn  .. 

Tex 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Mo 

N.Y-.. 

Pa 

Minn.. 
Minn.. 
N.  H... 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Wis 

Iowa... 
Mich... 

Md 

Minn  ... 

N.Y- 

Minn 

Ala... 

La.... 

Ill 

Pa 

ac... 

Cal... 

Cal... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Kan- 

Va.... 

Ky... 

Ala... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.. 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

N.Y. 
I  Ohio. 
■  R.  L. 
i  Wis.. 
;  Wis... 

N.Y. 

Pa-... 

Mo... 

Ohio. 

Pa..... 

Ind... 

Pa 

Ind... 

Tenn 

Ind... 

Pa 

Iowa. 


2,240 
3,919 

786 
2,206 
1,708 
1,640 
2,777 

204 
1,800 
3,236 


984 
1,626 
3,691 


1,724 
1,602 


1,132 


1,816 

901 

1,178 

884 


325 
217 


1,943 
823 


2,638 


220 


612 


1,740 
317 


849 


1,093 


298 
1,176 
2,736 


1,124 
1,426 
1,486 
1,079 


2,920 


1,773 
26a 


2,742 

2,975 

842 

2,194 

1,640 

1,236 

3,441 

620 

1,700 

3,726 

177 

964 

1,702 

4,618 

273 

1,608 

2,077 

211 

127 

1,048 

596 

1,676 

1,752 

1,009 

841 

459 

263 

190 

202 

203 

179 

2,126 

1,008 

80 

371 

150 

502 

61 

88 

3.309 

110 

116 

117 

482 

67 

206 

68 

339 

673 

60 

489 

549 

674 

182 

266 

142 

111 

1,671 

1,064 

73 

1,265 

430 

2,043 

477 

23 

1,011 

1,066 

58 

96 

1,087 

956 

610 

1,262 

2,826 

2,:J80 

162 

716 

1,236 

1,465 

1,121 

789 

3,836 

4,320 

176 

443 

81 

800 

1,836 

268 

248 


« In  1870,  including  Dundaff. 
•  In  1S76,  part  to  Allouez. 


*  In  1870,  part  to  Lincoln. 


*  In  1872,  parts  to  Biohland  and      •  In  1871,  part  to  High  Bridge 
Ross. 

278 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plao«. 


Coal  HUI ....p.T. 

Coal  Hollow T, 

Coaling p.v. 

Coalmont. p.v. 

Goal  port t. 

Coal  Bua> p.v. 

CoaltoD p.T. 

Coal  vale p.v. 

Coal  Valley  1 tp. 

Coal  Valley p.v. 

Coalville p.v. 

Coalville p.v. 

Coatesville.- p.v. 

Coatesville p.b. 

Coatesburg p.v. 

Coats  ville p.v. 

Cobleskill tp. 

Cobleskill p.v. 

Cobiirg p.v. 

Cochecton tp. 

Cochecton p.v. 

Cochituate p.v. 

Oochran p.v. 

Cochran p.v. 

Cochransville v. 

Cochransville p.v. 

Cochranton p.b. 

Cockeysville p.v. 

Cocoa tp. 

Coddle  Creek tp. 

Codurus tp. 

Cody  ville pint. 

Cou tp. 

Ooe tp. 

Coesse ....p.v. 

Cueymans tp. 

Coeymans p.v. 

Coffeetown v. 

Coflfeeville p.v. 

Coifeevllle p.v. 

CoffeevlUe p.v. 

Coffey tp. 

Coffeyville p.v. 

CofiSn's  Grove tp. 

Oogan  House p.tp. 

Cohasset p.tp. 

Cohasset  KarrowB...p.h. 

Cohoctah tp. 

Ooboctah ...p.h. 

Oohocton tp. 

Cohocton p.v. 

Cohoes c. 

Coin p.v. 

Coits  ville p.tp. 

Cokato tp. 

Cokato p.v. 

Coke p.v. 

Cokesbury tp. 

Cokeabury p.v. 

Cokeville p.v. 

Ookeville p.h. 

Colburn p.v. 

Colby „ tp. 

Colby p.v. 

Colchester tp. 

Colchester p.b. 

Colchester tp. 

Colchester p.v. 

Colchester p.tp. 

Colchester p.tp. 

Cold  Brook tp. 

Cold  Brook v. 

Cold  Brook p.v. 

Cold  Brook  Spring8.p.v. 

Cold  Creek h. 

Colden p.tp. 

Cold  Springs tp. 

Cold  Spring p.tp. 

Cold  Spring tp. 

Cold  Spring tp. 

Cold  Spring tp. 

Cold  Spring p.y. 

Cold  Spring p.v. 

Cold  Spring p.h. 

Cold  Spring tp. 

Cold  Spring p.tp. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Cold  Water ....p.h, 

Cold  Water tp. 


Connty. 


Johnson 

Bureau 

Tuscaloosa 

Huntingdon... 

Carbou 

Washington.... 

Boyd 

Crawford 

Bock  Island.... 
Bock  Island.... 

Webster 

Summit 

Hendricks 

Chester 

Adams 

Schuyler 

Schoharie- 

Schoharie 

Montgomery .. 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Middlesex 

Pulaski 

Dearborn 

Monroe 

Chester. 

Crawford ~. 

Baltimore 

Edgecombe...., 

Iredell 

York 

Washington.... 
Bock  Island.... 

Isabella 

Whitley 

Albany.- 

Albany— 

Berks- 

Clarke 

Yalabusha 

Upshur 

White 

Montgomery .. 

Delaware 

Lycoming 

Norfolk 

Barnstable 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Albany.- 

Page 

Mahoning 

Wright 

Wright 

McLennan 

Abbeville— 

Abbeville 

Westmoreland, 

Ulntoh 

Tippecanoe 

Clark 

Marathon 

Kew  London... 
New  London  .. 
McDonottgh-.. 
McDonough-.. 

Delaware 

Chittenden 

Warren 

Clinton-. 

Herkimer- 

Worcester. 

Erie 

Brie 

Lassen 

Shelby 

Kalkaska. 

Phelps , 

Cattaraugus.... 

Putnam 

Suffolk 

Umatilla 

Lebanon 

Jefferson 

Cross 

Butler 

Callaway , 

Branch , 


State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Ark 

200 

200 

190 

171 

205 

220 

349 

196 

1,023 

311 

644 

9U 

499 

2,766 

218 

98 

3,370 

1,222 

83 

1,328 

188 

1,161 

836 

1,024 

119 

122 

646 

270 

1,207 

2,350 

2,261 

79 

1,048 

1,381 

207 

2,912 

664 

165 

104 

749 

67 

642 

763 

1,017 

1,002 

2,182 

114 

1,276 

43 

3,346 

683 

19,416 

772 

1,231 

1,342 

274 

66 

2,945 

365 

566 

62 

246 

813 

259 

2,974 

1,415 

1,920 

1,067 

2,941 

4,421 

1,084 

366 

117 

116 

71 

1,464 

49 

1,864 

101 

1,298 

984 

2,111 

867 

76 

40 

688 

560 

1,325 

43 

1,719 

Ill 

Ala 

Pa 

Pa 

189 

Ohio 

Ky 

203 

Kan 

Ill 

Ill 

2,545 

Utah.... 
Ind 

626 

Pa 

HI 

Mo 

2,025 
192 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 
Iowa. ... 

2,847 
1,030 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Mass.... 

1,490 

Ga. 

Ind 

Ohio 

132 
676 

Pa 

..... 

Pa 

Md 

469 

N.  0 

N.O 

Pa 

Me 

Ill 

Mlch..- 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,281 

1,629 

2,002 

62 

1,176 

987 

192 

3,077 

Pa 

Ala 

Miss 

Tex 

Ark 

Kan 

~« 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Mass 

Mass 

i,003 

699 

2,130 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,176 
"2,716 

N.  Y 

16,367 

..... 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

1,161 
462 

Tex 

8.0 

S.  0 

2,179 

Pa. 

Wyom  - 

Ind 

Wis 

Wis 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Ill 

3,383 
1,321 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

N.  Y 

2,652 
3,911 
1,266 

N.  Y-... 

176 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Oal 

1,472 

Ill 

Mich..-. 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„... 
N.  Y-... 
Oregon. 

Pa 

Wis 

Ark 

1,656 

964 

835 

3,086 

730 

80 
740 

Iowa.... 
Ky 

461 

Mich.... 

1,525 

Place. 


Cold  Water c. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Coldwater p.v. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Cold  Water p.v. 

Coldwell« tp. 

Cole tp. 

Cole tp. 

Colebrook tp. 

Colebrook p.h. 

Colebrook tp. 

Colebrook p.v. 

Colebrook p.tp. 

Colebrook tp. 

Colebrookdale  • p.tp. 

Colebrook  Biver....p.h. 

Cole  Camp p.v. 

Cole  Hill tp. 

Colehour. p.v, 

Coleman p.v. 

Coleman tp. 

Colemausville h. 

Colemanville -.p.h. 

Colerain p.tp. 

Coleraln tp. 

Colerain p.v. 

Colerain p.tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain p.tp. 

Coles T. 

Colesburg p.v. 

Colesburg v. 

Cole's  Mill h. 

Coles  ville p.h. 

Colesville p.h. 

Coles  ville tp. 

Coleta p.v. 

Coleville t. 

Coleville-. t. 

Colfax ....p.v. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax p.h. 

Colfax p.v. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax „ tp. 

Colfax ,- tp. 

Colfax - ....tp. 

Colfax p.T. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax - tp. 

Colfax -..tp. 

Colfax* tp. 

Colfax ^. 

Colfax' p.tp. 

Colfax p.tp. 

Colfax - tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax.- tp. 

Colfax „ b. 

Colfax.- p.T. 

Colfax.- ....tp. 

Colfax p.h. 

College tp. 

College- tp. 

College tp. 

College  City p.v. 

College  Corner v. 

College  Comer p.v. 

College  Hill p.v. 

College  Mound p.v. 

College  Point p.v. 

College  Spring p.y. 

College  ville p.h. 

CoUegeville p.tp. 

CoUey - p.tp. 

Collier.- tp. 

Collier. tp. 

Collier y. 

Colliersville p.v. 

Collins  < tp. 

Collins  - p.h. 

Collins tp. 

Collins p.tp. 


County. 


Branch 

Isabella 

Tate 

Cass 

Mercer 

White 

Sebastian 

Benton 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Coos 

Coos 

Ashtabula. 

Clinton 

Berks 

Litchfield 

Benton 

Chesterfield .... 

Cook 

Midland 

Edgefield 

Harrison -. 

Lancaster 

Franklin 

Bertie 

Berile 

Belmont 

Hamilton 

Boss 

Bedford 

Lancaster 

Schuylkill , 

Delaware— 

Hardin 

Gloucester 

Montgomery.., 

Sussex 

Broome- 

Whiteside 

Centre 

McKean 

Placer , 

Champaign...., 

McLean 

Clinton- 

Newton- 

Boone 

Dallas 

Grundy- 

Jasper 

Page 

Pocahontas 

Webster 

Cloud 

Wilson 

Benzie 

Huron 

Mecosta 

Oceana 

Wexford 

Kandiyohi 

Daviess.- 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Butherford 

Indiana. 

Whitman 

Dunn 

Dunn............ 

Linn- ~.... 

Knox- 

Centre -.. 

Colusa..- 

Union 

Butler  and  Preble 

Hamilton- 

Macon 

Queens 

Page 

San  Joaquin.... 

Stearns 

Sullivan 

Alleghany 

Edgefield.- 

Brooke 

Shelby 

Drew.- 

Whitley 

Story 

McLeod- 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Miss 

4,381 
151 

Mo 

Ohio. ... 

Ark 

Ark 

Mo 

Conn  ... 
Conn ... 
N.H.... 
N.H.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

439 

451 

527 

865 

1,141 

■"1,372 

806 

332 
1,660 

Mo 

S.C 

Ill 

710 

Mich.... 

S.C 

Ky 

Pa 

2,243 

77 

Mass..- 
N.C....- 
N.  C. 

1,742 
1,968 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

1,308 
3,689 
1,636 
1,204 
1,656 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

N.  J . 

126 

Md. 

N.  J-... 
N.  Y-... 
111... 

"3,466 

Pa 

Pa 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

633 

Ind 

Ind 

187 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

682 
278 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan . ... 



Kan 

Mich. ... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

71 
91 

146 
77 

172 

684 

796 

N,  C 

Pa. 

964 

Wash... 

WlB.-.- 

WIs.-... 
Iowa.... 
Ohio — 
Pa. 

iSa 

"'l,468 
926 

Cal 

Ind 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Mo 

N.  Y-... 

183 
3,662 

Cal 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa. 

336 

8.  C 

W.  Va.- 

Tenn.... 

Ark 

Ind 

274 
463 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

611 
191 

I  In  1871,  part  to  Bural. 
8ince  1870,  area  reduced. 
274 


*  In  1870,  Including  Boyertowu. 

*  In  1876,  part  to  Martinez. 


»  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced.      *  In  1871,  part  of  Bartholomew 

attached. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Collina tp. 

Collins p.tp. 

Oollins p.v. 

Collins tp. 

Collins tp. 

Oollins .tp. 

Collins  Centre p.v. 

CollinsviUe p.v. 

Col  li  nsvlUe p.T. 

CollinsviUe tp. 

CollinsviUe p.T. 

CoUlnsvUle v. 

ColUnsville p.v. 

CoUinwood p.tp. 

CoUomsville p.v. 

Colly  1 tp. 

Colma V. 

Colmar pJi. 

Colo p.v. 

Cologne p.v. 

Ooloma tp. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma tp. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma .p.tp. 

Coloma  Station p.h. 

Culou tp. 

Colon p.v. 

Colona p.tp. 

Colony tp. 

Colony > tp. 

Colony p.h. 

Colony tp. 

Colony p.h. 

Colorado tp. 

Colorado tp. 

Colorado v. 

Colorado  Black h. 

Colorado  City p.v. 

Colorado  Springs. ..p.v. 

Colquitt p.v. 

Colter  Hill v. 

Oolton tp. 

Colton p.v. 

Colton p.h. 

Colt's  Neck.. p.v. 

ColtsvlUe V. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia h. 

Columbia „tp. 

Columbia p.b. 

Columbia p.tp. 

Columbia .p.v. 

Columbia «p.v. 

Columbia* „tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia pJt. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia .......tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia -p.v. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia ^ p.tp 

Columbia* tp. 

Columbia^ tp. 

Columbia _tp. 

Columbia -h. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.v 

Columbia p.tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.T. 

Columbia -tp. 

Columbia -tp. 

Columbia -v. 

Columbia .tp. 

Oolnmbla -p.v. 

Columbia tp. 

Colombia v. 

Columbia tp. 


St.  Clair 

Erie 

Huron 

Colleton 

Edgefield 

Georgetown.... 

Erie 

De  Kalb 

Hartford 

Ma(Uson 

MaUisou 

Morris 

Butler 

Meeker 

Lycoming 

Bladen 

San  Mateo 

McDonough.... 

Story 

Carver 

El  Dorado 

El  Dorado 

Whiteside 

Parke 

Berrien 

Carroll 

Waushara. 

Waushara 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Henry , 

Adams 

Delaware 

Anderson. 

Knox 

Knox 

San  Diego 

Lincoln 

Schuylkill 

Pettis 

El  Paso 

El  Paso.- 

Miller 

Washington-.. 
St.  Lawrence.. 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Henry 

Monmouth .... 

Berkshire 

Henry 

Chicot 

Randolph 

Tuolumne 

Tolland 

Brown 

Monroe- 

Dubois 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Gibson 

Jennings 

Martin 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Marion 

Tama 

Wapello 

Ellswortii 

Adair 

Caldwell 

Washington... 

Jackson 

Tuscola- 

Van  Buren.... 
Tan  Buren.... 

Boone 

Boone 

Coos 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Pender 

Bandolpb- 

Randolph-.... 

Tyrrel 

Tyrrel 

Hamilton  -.... 

Licking 

Lorain 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


Mo 

N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

S.  0 

S.C 

S.C 

N.  Y„.. 

Ala 

Conn  .. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.J-.. 
Ohio.... 
Minn.. 

Pa 

N.  C-.. 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Minn . 
Cal .... 
Cal .... 

in 

Ind.... 
Mich.. 
Mo .... 
Wis .-. 
Wis.-. 
Mich  . 
Mich.. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Kan. 

Mo.. 

Mo.. 

Cal.. 

Kan. 

Pa-.. 

Mo... 

Col.. 

Col.. 

Oa.... 

R.I.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 

N.J 

Mass.... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark 

Cal 

Conn ..". 
Dakota. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa ... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

La- 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

N.  0 

N.  C-... 
N.  C... 

N.  C 

N.  0-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 


2,100 


733 
1,440 


3,002 


428 


1,220 


226 


926 


309 


1,504 


1,223 

190 

1,400 


81 


1,719 
633 


1,125 
891 


1,246 

1,622 

929 


2,238 
1,272 
831 
2,934 
1,663 


718 
2,101 


606 
235 
668 

1,002 
424 

1,269 


6,660 

2,236 

762 

1,637 


1,264 


1,206 


3,184 


892 


863 

2,371 

200 

1,431 

1,166 

1,633 

345 

160 

1,376 

4,577 

2,887 

129 

116 

899 

171 

865 

188 

38 

296 

60 

874 

231 

1,496 

44 

269 

81 

443 

74 

1,518 

422 

1,226 

644 

1,202 

114 

945 

64 

581 

604 

144 

80 

347 

4,226 

119 

215 

1,974 

606 

113 

123 

164 

290 

59 

1,312 

650 

757 

133 

1,308 

855 

803 

56 

2,104 

1,471 

1,032 

3,583 

2,244 

111 

818 

2,044 

1,017 

549 

219 

642 

1,605 

1,194 

1,510 

37 

6,917 

3,326 

762 

1,616 

99 

1,659 

1.495 

167 

1,302 

166 

5,306 

189 

906 


Plac«. 


County. 


Columbia tp. 

Columbia h. 

Columbia* tp. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia  Falls p.tp. 

Columbia  Farm p.h. 

Columbiana p.v. 

Columbiana p.v. 

CoIumbiaviUe p.v. 

Columbiaville v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus c. 

Columbus. tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus h. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus. p.tp. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus c. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus  • .c. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus  T tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus  City tp. 

Columbus  City p.v. 

Columbus  Grove  ...p.v. 
Columbus  Junction.p.v 

Colusa tp. 

Colusa p.v. 

ColvlUe tp. 

Comanche v. 

Comanche tp. 

Comanche p.v. 

Comfort p.v. 

Comings tp. 

Commerce tp. 

Commerce p.v. 

Commerce tp. 

Commerce p.v. 

Commerce p.h. 

Commercial tp. 

Commercial h. 

Commercial  Polnt.p.h. 

Commons v. 

Commonwealth p.h. 

Como. V. 

Como p.v. 

Coino p.v, 

Como  Depot p.v. 

Company  Shops.. ..p. v. 

Competine p.tp. 

Compromise p.tp, 

Compton .p.v. 

Compton tp. 

Comstock -...tp. 

Comstock p.v. 

Conception p.v. 

Conception  Statlon.h. 

Concord ^ p.v. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord ^. 

Concord ^. 

Concord v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord p.tp. 

Concord tp. 


Meigs , 

Williams 

Bradford 

Lanc'istor 

Richland 

Richland 

Maury 

Brazoria. 

Fluvanna , 

Washington 

Venango 

Shelby 

Columbiana 

Lapeer 

Columbia 

Hempstead 

Muscogee 

Adams 

Adams 

Pope 

Bartholomew 

Bartholomew 

Cherokee 

Hickman 

St.  Clair 

Anoka 

Lowndes 

.Tobnson 

Johnson 

Platte 

Esmeralda 

Burlington 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Polk 

Polk 

Franklin 

Warren 

Warren 

Colorado 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Putnam 

Louisa 

Colusa 

Colusa 

Benton 

Calaveras- 

Barton 

Comanche 

Kendall 

Alcona. 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Scott 

Scott 

Wilson 

Cumberland 

Adnms 

Pickaway 

Chowan 

Marinette 

Park 

Whiteside 

Henry 

Panola 

Alamance -. 

Wapello 

Champaign 

Lee 

Otter  Tall 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Nodaway 

Nodaway 

Contra  Costa .... 

Sussex 

Gadsden 

Adams 

Burean- 

Iroqnois 

Iroquois 

Morgan 

Morgan- 

De  Kalb 

Elkhart- 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Pa 

Pa. ; 

S.  C 

s.  c 

Tenn.... 

Tex 

Va 

Me 

Pa 

Ala 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
N.Y-... 

Ark 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Nev 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ark 

Cal 

Kan  -... 

Tex 

Tex 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Tenn.... 
N.  J-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  0 

Wis 

Col 

Ill 

Tenn.... 
Miss-... 
N.  C-... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

in 

Minn ... 
Mich.... 
Mich. 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Cal ... 
Del..., 
Fla.... 
111-..., 

HI 

HI-..., 
HI-..., 

HI-.... 

HI 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 


1,286 


1,621 

6,461 

9,298 

832 

2,650 

426 

311 


870 


7,401 
976 


6,187 

3,369 

402 

1,674 

1,218 

71 

4,812 

1,394 

168 

626 


1,197 


744 


31,274 

1,257 

466 


2,840 
1,888 
2,344 


578 

850 

2,193 

1,061 


1,392 


1,267 


164 


1,033 
707 


2,018 


1,140 

2,309 

878 


1,280 


1,472 
4,720 


1,116 

102 

1,304 

8,312 

10,036 

8,047 

3,400 

739 

239 

635 

102 

496 

1,223 

326 

234 

171 

10,123 

1,077 

235 

84 

6,692 

4,813 

1,164 

1,338 

1,327 

92 

3,955 

1,307 

100 

2,131 

96 

647 

1,177 

124 

838 

71 

61,647 

1,242 

421 

1,959 

805 

1,876 

2,868 

605 

1,392 

793 

2,043 

1,779 

1,520 

104 

443 

704 

177 

467 

1,263 

164 

1,611 

440 

63 

2,266 

86 

169 

182 

84 

134 

166 

84 

149 

817 

900 

1,414 

300 

628 

1,891 

149 

166 

81 

399 

148 

188 

1,089 

2,636 

1,202 

299 

1,147 

149 

1,630 

8,111 


•  In  1878,  parte  to  Cypress  Creek 

and  Lake  Creek. 
«  In  1874,  pa^t  to  Marion. 


>  In  1873,  part  of  Brooklyn  an- 
nexed. 


*  In  1879,  part  of  Geneva  an- 
nexed. 


» In  1870,  inclndlnfc  Sylvania. 
*  In  1873,  part  to  Marion. 
T  In  1870,  including  (V>iumba* 
TlUace. 

275 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Concord tp. 

Concord  1 p.tp, 

Concord tp. 

Coucord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord*. tp. 

Concord p.y. 

Concord p.tp. 

Concord p.tp, 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.  v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.T. 

Concord* tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord c. 

Concord „ tp. 

Concord tp. 

Coucord p.T. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Coucord tp. 

Concord p.tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord „ p.T. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord ....p.T. 

Concord p.tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord  Depot p.T. 

Concordia p.T. 

Concordia t. 

Concordia p.T. 

Concordia. p.T. 

ConcordTille p.T. 

Concow tp. 

CondensTille t. 

Condit tp. 

Conejos p.T. 

Conemaugh ....p.b. 

Conemaugh  * tp. 

Conemaugh ....tp. 

Conemaugh tp. 

Conestoga tp. 

Conestoga p.y. 

Conesus p.tp. 

Conesus  Centre p.T. 

Cones  ville ......p.T. 

Conesville p.tp. 

Conewago tp. 

Conewago „ tp. 

Conewrtgo tp. 

Conewango p.tp. 

Conewango tp. 

Coney  Island isl. 

Confluence p.T. 

Congaree„ tp. 

Congress.^ tp. 

Congress tp. 

Congress p.T. 

Conklin tp. 

Conklingrille p.T. 

Conlogue p.h. 

CoDueaut tp. 

Con  neaut p.T. 

Conneaut tp. 

Conneaut tp. 

Conneautville p.b. 

ConnellsTlIIe tp. 

Connellsville p.b. 

Connersville c. 

ConneisTille tp. 

Connersville p.T. 

Connor's  Patch t. 

Cono tp. 

Cono tp. 

Conocanary tp. 

Conoqueuessing p.tp. 

ConoTer p.T. 

Conover p.T. 


County. 


Dubuque 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Louisa 

Woodbury... 

Ottawa , 

Lewis 

Somerset 

Middlesex...., 

Jackson , 

Jackson 

Wexford , 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Clinton. , 

Washington.. 
Merrimac... 

Erie 

Cabarrus 

Cabarrus 

Iredell 

Randolph  „... 
Champaign... 

Clark 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Highland 

Lake 

Miami 


Butlor 

Delaware 

Erie 

Franklin 

Clarendon-.., 

Sumter 

Knox 

Essex 

Jefferson 

Campbell 

Cloud 

Meade 

Bolivar 

Lafayette 

Delaware 

Butte 

Baltimore .... 
Champaign ... 

Conejos 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Somerset 

Lancaster  ~... 

Lancaster 

Livingston ... 
LlTingston ... 

Muscatine 

Schoharie  «... 

Adams 

Dauphin 

York 

Cattaraugpis... 

Warren 

Kings 

Somerset 

Lexington.... 

Morrow„ 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Broome 

Saratoga. 

Edgar 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula..... 

Crawford 

Erie 

Crawford 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Harrison 

Schuylkill.... 

Buchanan 

Iowa 

Halifax 

Butler 

Winneshiek.. 
Catawba. 


State. 


Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. ... 
Kan.... 

Ky 

Me 

Mass..... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  0.-.. 
N.  C...., 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa , 

Pa. 

Pa. 

8. 0 

S.  0 

Tenn  ... 

Vt 

Wis. 

Va 

Kan.... 

Ky 

Miss...., 

Mo , 

Pa 

Cal 

Md 

Ill 

Col , 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

N.  Y...., 

N.  Y 

Iowa..., 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.., 

Pa 

S.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 

lU 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Pa 

Iowa..., 
Iowa... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Iowa..., 
N.  C 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,109 
149 


892 


720 

228 

452 

2,412 

1,465 


792 

"2,491 

1,343 

12,241 

3,171 

1,259 

878 

869 

1,028 

1,035 


1,092 

981 

1,262 

797 

4,701 

2,772 

926 

1,293 

1,436 


800 
1,619 


1,276 
1,627 


116 


490 


766 


2,336 
728 
1,493 
1,172 
2,079 


1,362 
231 


1,314 
1,029 
831 
1,382 
1,281 
1,212 


1,095 
1,347 
2,581 
309 
1,440 


3,010 
1,163 
1,729 
1,538 
1,000 
1,163 
1,292 
2,496 
1,211 


579 
235 


1,051 


1,100 

764 

347 

747 

340 

613 

178 

406 

3,922 

1,683 

640 

171 

1,040 

144 

2,867 

1,120 

13,843 

3,400 

1,761 

1,264 

1,235 

1,296 

1,157 

118 

1,478 

908 

1,236 

722 

6,364 

2,801 

1,612 

1,311 

1,171 

166 

964 

2,148 

246 

1,612 

1,467 

161 

1,863 

138 

164 

391 

116 

630 

71 

822 

339 

3,498 

437 

1,346 

1,379 

2,360 

606 

1,397 

190 

244 

1,127 

1,211 

895 

1,495 

1,299 

1,478 

1,184 

430 

1,547 

1,262 

2,851 

301 

1,420 

326 

60 

2,947 

1,256 

1,601 

1,546 

941 

1,366 

3,609 

3,228 

1,4.32 

116 

362 

697 

252 

1,377 

1,190 

168 

150 


Place. 


ConoTer p.T. 

Conowingo p.h. 

Conoy ^. 

Conquest. ....tp. 

Conquest p.T. 

Conrad  Hill tp. 

Conshohocken p.b. 

Constable tp. 

ConstableTille p.T. 

Constance p.T. 

Constantia tp. 

Constantia p.T. 

Constantine tp. 

Constantine p.T. 

Contention p.T. 

Contentnea tp. 

Contentnea  Neck'..tp. 

Continental t. 

Contoocook  Village.p.T. 

Convis tp. 

Convoy p.T. 

Conway p.T. 

Conway p.T. 

Conway tp. 

Conway p.tp. 

Conway tp. 

Conway p.tp. 

Conwayborongh....tp. 
Con  way  borough  ....p.T. 

Conway  Centre t. 

Conyers p.T. 

Conyersville p.h. 

Conyngham tp. 

Conyngham p.v. 

Cook tp. 

Cook tp. 

Cook tp. 

CookeTille h. 

Cookport p.T. 

Cooksburg p.h. 

Cooksburg p.h. 

Cooks  town p.h. 

Cooksville p.h.  . 

Cooksville h.     I 

CookvlUe p.T. 

Coolbaugh tp. 

CooleyTille  - p.b. 

Cool  Springs tp. 

Cool  Spring p.tp. 

Cool  Spring tp. 

Coolville p.T. 

Coon  * tp. 

Coon tp. 

Coon  Bapids p.h. 

Coon  Valley tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper p.tp. 

Cooper p.tp. 

Cooper.- tp. 

Cooper„ tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper. tp. 

Cooper. p.T. 

Cooperdale p.T. 

Coopersburg p.T. 

Cooper's  Gap tp. 

Coopers  town p.tp. 

Cooperstown p.v. 

Cooperstown p.b. 

Cooperstown p.tp. 

Coopersville p.v. 

Coopersville p.v. 

Cooperville v. 

Coosa p.h. 

Coosada  Station  ....p.h. 
Coo  sawhatchie^.... p.tp. 
Coosawhatchie.-....tp. 

Copake tp. 

Copake p.T. 

Copake  Iron  Works.p.T. 

Cope p.h. 

Copenhagen p.T. 

Coplay p.b. 

Copley tp. 

Copley tp. 

Copley p.T. 

Copper  Harbor. p.tp. 


County. 


Miami 

Cecil 

Lancaster- 

Cayuga.- 

Cayuga , 

DaTidson 

Montgomery., 

Franklin , 

Lewis 

Boone , 

Oswego , 


St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph.- 

Cochise.- 

Pitt 

Lenoir 

Northumberland 

Merrimac 

Calhoun 

Van  Wert 

Faulkner 

Taylor , 

Sumner- 

Franklin 

Livingston , 

Carroll 

Horry 

Horry 

Carroll 

Rockdale 

Henry 

Columbia. 

Luzerne- 

Sac 

Cumberland 

Westmoreland 

Orange 

Indiana 

Albany 

Forest 

Burlington.... 

Howard 

Warren  _ 

Putnam 

Monroe 

Franklin 

La  Porte 

Iredell 

Mercer 

Athens 

Buena  Vista- 
Vernon , 

Carroll 

Sac 

Sangamon 

Monona , 

Webster. , 

Stafford 

Washington..., 
Kalamazoo...., 

Gentry , 

Nash- 

Montour 

Edgefield 

Delta 

Cambria 

Lehigh 

Polk 

Brown 

Otsego 

Venango , 

Manitowoc 

Ottawa 

Clinton 

Westmoreland. 

Floyd 

Elmore 

Beaufort 

Hampton 

Columbia 

Columbia........ 

Columbia. 

Morgan 

Lewis 

Lehigh 

Knox- 

Summit 

Summit 

Keweenaw 


State. 


Ohio-.. 

Md 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ky 

N.  Y-.. 

N.  Y„.. 

Mich... 

Mich..., 

Arizona 

N.O. 

N.O. 

Pa.... 

N.H, 

Mich.... 

Ohio...., 

Ark.-.. 

lovra. .. 

Kan  -.. 

Mass.... 

Mich..., 

N.  H ..., 

8.  C 

S.C 

N.  H. .. 

Ga. 

Tenn..., 

Pa. 

Pa 

Iowa.  ... 

Pa. , 

Pa. 

Vt 

Pa. , 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  J.-... 

Md 

N.  J. 

Tenn.... 

Pa. 

Mas..., 

Ind 

N.O 

Pa 

Ohio 

Iowa. ... 

Wis 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan- .. 

Me 

Mich,... 

Mo 

N.  0 

Pa 

S.C 

Tex 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis 

Mich .... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ga. 

Ala 

S.C 

S.C 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

HI 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mich.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,984 
1,821 


1,116 

3,071 

1,546 

712 


3,437 

687 

2,406 

1,290 


2,118 
1,470 


1,016 


1,460 
1,020 
1,607 
1,610 
606 


637 


1,943 


875 


166 
1,028 

1,328 
711 
866 
334 
385 
708 


786 


360 
1,264 
1,498 


414 
1,796 


246 


797 
1,622 


264 
1,563 


206 


2,573 
1,847 


676 

728 

1,219 

1,233 


369 


t  In  1878,    parts    to    Ell    and 
German. 

276 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
«  In  1871,  part  to  Clinton. 


<  In  1876,  part  to  Stony  Creek. 
*  In  1877,  part  to  Vance. 


«  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

'  In  1878,  part  to  Hampton  CoontT 


POPULATION   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flaoe. 


Copperopolis p.v. 

CoqulUe p.v. 

Cora _p.h. 

Coral p.tp, 

Coral p.y. 

Corallea t. 

Coral  vllle p.v. 

Coram ^ p.v. 

Corbett8Tille p.T. 

Corcorau p.tp. 

Cordavllle p.v. 

Cordova tp. 

Cordova p.v. 

Cordova p.b. 

Cordova tp. 

Cordova p.v. 

Corey p.h. 

Corfu p.v. 

Corinna  tp. 

Coi'inua p.v. 

Corinna p.tp. 

Coriune p.v. 

Corinth p.v 

Corinth p.h. 

Corinth tp. 

Corinth p.tp. 

Corinth p.tp. 

Corinth p.v. 

Corinth tp. 

Corinth p.v. 

Corinth p.tp. 

Cork V. 

Cormorant tp. 

Cornelia p.h. 

Cornelius p.v. 

Cornell p.v. 

Cornersville p.h. 

Cornersville p.v. 

Cornettsville p.h. 

Corn  Hill p.v. 

Cornle tp. 

Cornie tp. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning p.h. 

Corning tp. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning tp. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning tp. 

Cornish ...tp. 

Cornish p.v. 

Cornish p.tp. 

Cornish tp. 

Cornish  Flat p.v. 

Cornland p.h. 

Cornplanter tp. 

Cornplanter p.v. 

Cornville p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall  i p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall  Bridge  ...p.h. 

Cornwallis p.h. 

Corona p.v. 

Corothers h. 

Corpus  Christi p.v. 

Correctionville p.h. 

Corry p.v. 

Corry c. 

Corsica p.b. 

Corsicaua «p.v. 

Coreicana p.v. 

Cortland p.v. 

Cortla.urt p.v. 

Cortlandt tp. 

Cortlandville tp. 

Corunna p.v. 

Coniuna p.v. 

Corvallis p.v. 

Corwin  » tp. 

Corwin v. 

Corwine tp. 

Corwith tp. 

Cory... p.v. 

Cory V. 

Corydon p.v. 

Corydon tp. 


County. 


Calaveras.. 

Coos 

Sullivan 

McHenry 

Montcalm^.... 

Bernalillo 

Johnson 

Suffolk 

Broome 

Hennepin 

Worcester 

Rock  Island... 
Rock  Island.. 

Talbot 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Cass 

Genesee 

Penobscot 

Penobscot^.... 

Wright 

Box  Elder 

Heard 

Williamson.... 

Humboldt 

Osborne 

Penobscot 

Alcorn 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Orange 

Warren , 

Becker 

Johnson 

Washington... 
Livingston .... 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Daviess 

Williamson.... 

Columbia 

Union 

Clay 

Adams 

Nemaha 

Rooks 

Holt 

Steuben , 

Steuben , 

Perry 

Lincoln 

York 

York 

Sibley 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Logan. 

Venango 

Warren 

Somerset 

Litchfield 

Henry 

Orange 

Lebanon 

Addison , 

Litchfield 

Ritchie 

Queens , 

Seneca 

Nueces 

Woodbury , 

Dade , 

Erie 

Jefferson 

Barry 

Navarro , 

Cortland , 

Trumbull 

Westchester... 

Cortland , 

De  Kalb , 

Shiawassee.... 

Benton , 

Ida , 

Warren 

Logan 

Otsego 

CTay , 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Wayne 


State. 


Cal... 
Oregon. 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Mex 
Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Minn ... 
Mass.... 

HI 

Ill 

Md , 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y.... 

Me 

Me 

Minn.., 
Utah... 

Ga 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Miiss.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Vt , 

111 

Minn.. 

Mo 

Oregon. 

Ill 

Ark 

Tenn  ... 

Ind 

Tex 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Me 

Me 

Minn ... 

N.  H 

N.  H..... 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Me 

Conn.... 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Vt 

Conn.... 
W.  Va.. 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Tex 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.Y 

N.  Y..... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Oregon. 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ind 

Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,345 
""(JOT 


914 
"936 


639 


1,513 


220 
783 


1,462 
1,612 
1,600 


1,470 


413 
752 


6,602 
4,018 


1,100 
T,334 


9,863 


959 
1,772 

952 
6,989 
2,008 

969 


2,140 


6,809 
372 


80 

3,066 

446 

11,694 

6,082 

242 

1,408 


165 

135 

1,069 


747 
1,277 


148 
176 
78 

1,279 
590 
664 
347 
158 
239 

1,174 
245 
863 
447 
43 
786 
140 
44 
353 

1,503 
333 
386 
277 
105 
39 
322 
581 

1,333 

2,275 

1,737 
-      510 

1,627 

144 

234 

37 

106 

437 

61 

290 

63 

108 

686 

1.110 
393 

1,626 

63 

381 

221 

7,402 

4,802 
270 
112 

1,169 
637 
274 

1,156 
120 
100 

3,238 
130 
932 

1,583 
887 

3,833 

2,622 

1,070 

99 

33 

760 

91 

3,257 

86 

186 

6,277 
391 
105 

3,373 

4,060 

616 

12,664 

7.114 
276 

1,501 

1,128 

1,148 
188 

1,024 
206 
160 
199 
763 

1,518 


Place. 


Corydon p.T. 

Corydon p.v. 

Corydon tp. 

Corydon tp. 

Corydon p.v. 

Cos  Cob V. 

Coshocton p.v. 

Cosmos p.tp. 

Cosumne p.tp. 

Cosumnes tp. 

Cote  sans  Be8oin...tp. 

Co  tile p.h. 

Cottage  City p.tp. 

Cottage  Grove tp. 

Cottage  Grove p.tp. 

Cottage  Grove p.v. 

Cottage  Grove p.tp. 

Cottage  vi  lie p.v. 

Cottleville p.v. 

Cotton tp. 

Cotton  Gin p.v. 

Cotton  Gin  Port  ....p.v. 

Cotton  Grove tp. 

Cotton  Hill V. 

Cotton  Hill «p.tp. 

Cotton  Hill »tp. 

Cotton  Plant tp. 

Cotton  Plant p.h. 

Cotton  Valley p.h. 

Cottonville p.h. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood p.v. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood p.h. 

Cottonwood  Falls.  ..p.v." 
Cottonwood  Point. .p.h. 

Cottrellville fp. 

Coudersport p.b. 

Coultersville p.v. 

Coulterville p.v. 

Council tp. 

Council  Bluffs c. 

Council  Grove tp. 

Council  Grove p.v. 

Council  Hill p.tp. 

Coupville p.h. 

Courtais tp. 

Courthouse tp. 

Courtland p.v. 

Courtland tp. 

Courtland. tp. 

Courtland tp. 

Coui-tland tp. 

Courtland p.v. 

Courtland tp. 

Courtland  Station..p.v. 

Courtney p.v. 

Coushatta  Chute...p.v. 

Cousin's  Island isl. 

Cove tp. 

Cove  Creek tp. 

Cove  Creek _tp. 

Covell p.b. 

Covelo p.v. 

Coventry., p.tp. 

Coventry tp. 

Ooventiy -p.v. 

Coventry tp. 

Coventry p.tp. 

Coventry tp. 

Coventry -p.v. 

Coventry  Centre  ...p.v. 

Coventry  ville- v. 

Covert tp. 

Covert p.v. 

Covert p.tp. 

Coveville p.h. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington c. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington tp. 

Covington p.h. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington tp. 

Covington* tp. 


County. 


State. 


Wayne Iowa.... 

Henderson Ky 

McKean Pa. 


Warren 

Warren 

Fairfield 

Coshocton 

Meeker 

Sacramento 

El  Dorado 

Callaway 

Rapides 

Dukes 

Allen 

Washington 

Henry 

Dane 

Jackson 

St.  Charles 

Switzerland , 

Freestone 

Monroe 

Davidson 

Clay 

Sangamon 

Dunklin 

Woodruff 

Woodruff 

Macon 

Jackson 

Siskiyou 

Temaha 

Yolo 

Cumberland 

Chase 

Chase 

Brown 

Mercer 

Chase 

Pemiscot 

St.  Clair 

Potter 

Randolph 

Mariposa 

Lee 

Pottawattamie. 

Morris 

Morris 

Jo  Daviess 

Island 

Crawford 

Camden 

Lawrence 

De  Kalb 

Republic 

Kent 

Nicollet.. 


Pa. 

Pa. 

Conn.... 

Ohio 

Minn.. 

Cal 

Cal 

Mo 

La 

Mass... 
Kan.... 
Minn .. 
Tenn... 

Wis 

W.  Va- 

Mo 

Ind 

Tex 

Miss.... 

N.  C 

Ga 

Ill 

Mo 

Ark-.... 

Ark 

Ala 

Iowa. ... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

m 

Kan 

Kan_... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Kan 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Cal 

Ark 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

Wash... 

Mo 

N.  C... 

Ala 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich 
Minn  ... 


Panola Miss. 


Columbia. 

De  Kalb 

Grimes 

Red  River 

Cumberland-., 

Polk 

Washington.... 

Watauga 

McLean 

Mendocino 

Tolland 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Summit 

Kent 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Kent 

Chester 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Seneca 

Saratoga 

Newton 

Fountain- 

Kenton 

St.  Tammany.. 

Dakota. 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Miami 

Clearfield 

Lackawanna .. 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880. 


618 
247 
169 
411 


1,754 


694 
642 


794 
705 


965 


1,700 


868 
143 
764 


l,O0T 


421 

240 

1,319 

1,342 

315 


607 


2,372 
471 


10,020 

1,080 

712 

725 


960 
1,769 


1,293 


Wis 
111... 
Tex, 
La... 
Me.. 
Ark 
Ark 
N.  C-... 

Ill 

Cal 

Conn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 
R.  I.-... 

Vt 

Vt 

B.  I 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Mich... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ga. 

Ind 

Ky 

La. 

Neb 

N.Y-... 
N.  Y-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa- 

Pa 


1,338 
640 


1,449 


466 
614 
887 


2,067 
1,490 


1,817 

4,349 

914 


677 
'2*238 


1,121 

1,888 

24,606 

686 

194 

1,189 


1,010 

701 

1,182 


801 
644 
164 
336 
243 
246 

3,044 
113 
642 
679 

1,630 
36 
672 
999 
783 
172 

1,159 
123 
226 

1,609 
109 
106 

1,092 
76 

1,161 

1,096 

1,686 

98 

25 

87 

289 

576 

1,866 

1,493 

1,139 

324 

713 

57 

618 

96 

2,904 
677 
690 
224 
878 
18,063 

1,632 

1,042 

695 

90 

1,605 

1,987 
580 

1,413 
661 

1,330 
864 
221 

1,321 
95:} 
186 
488 
126 

1,296 
571 

1,211 
46 
183 

2,043 

1,317 
151 

2,306 

4,619 
911 
200 
223 
110 

1,136 
228 

2,166 
63 

1,416 

1,920 

29,720 

667 

224 

1,176 

78 

1,468 
729 
880 


t  In  1872.  part  to  Highland. 


*  In  1876,  area  much  reduced. 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Ollfton. 


277 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Oorlng^n tp. 

CoriDgton p.b. 

Covington p.T. 

CoYlngton p.T. 

OoTode p.h. 

Oowan.~ p.v. 

Oowan tp. 

Oowan p.T. 

Oowanshannock.  ...tp. 

CowansTille p.h. 

Cow  Caatle tp. 

Oowden p.T. 

Oowee tp. 

Oowpens p.T. 

Oozsackie tp. 

Coxsackie p.T. 

Oox'b  Creek tp. 

Cox'b  Station p.T. 

OoyleTillo p.h. 

Coyote T, 

OoytesTille v. 

CoyTllle p.T. 

Oozaddale p.T. 

Crab  Creek p.tp, 

Crab  Orchard p.T. 

Crab  Orchard p.T. 

Crab  Orchard tp. 

Crab  Orchard .p.T. 

Crab  Tree p.tp. 

Crab  Tree tp. 

Crafton p.T. 

Craft  Pniirie t. 

Craftsbury ....tp. 

Oraftsbury p.h. 

Craig ....tp. 

Craig p.h. 

Craig ~ p.tp. 

Craig ....P.T. 

Oraigsrille p.T. 

OralgsTille p.T. 

CrainTille t. 

Cramer's  Hill p.T. 

Ci-anberry .....tp. 

Cranberry ^...tp. 

Cranberry tp. 

Cranberry .....t. 

Cranberry p.tp. 

Cranberry  Isles tp. 

Cranbury p.tp. 

Crane  1 tp. 

Crane  Creek tp. 

Crane  Creek tp. 

OranesTille p.T. 

Cranford.- p.tp. 

Cranston... tp. 

Crater tp. 

Orawford_ .......p.T. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford- tp. 

Crawford p.T. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford p.tp. 

Crawford p.T. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford .......tp. 

Crawford p.h. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford's  Quarry  .p.T. 

Crawfordsville p.T. 

Orawfordsville pJi. 

Crawfordsville c 

Crawfordsville p.T. 

Crawfordsville p.T. 

Crawfordville p.T. 

Crawley's  Falls h. 

Creagerstown p.T. 

Cream  Ridge p.tp. 

Credit  Biver tp. 

Creek tp. 

Oreekside p.h 

Creelsborough p.h 

Creighton p.h 

Oreecent tp. 


County. 


Tioga 

Tioga 

Tipton 

Alleghany 

Indiana 

Delaware 

Wayne 

Fr.inklin 

Armstrong.... 
Armstrong.... 
Orangeburg... 

Shelby 

Macon 

Spartanborg.. 

Greene 

Greene 

Clayton 

Charles 

Butler 

Mora 

Bergen 

Wilson , 

Warren 

Henderson .... 
Williamson.... 

Lincoln 

Mecklenburg. 

Lee 

Haywood 

Yancey .., 

Wise 

Bastrop ^ 

Orleans , 

Orleans , 

Van  Buren.... 

Perry 

Switzerland  „., 

Holt 

Armstrong .... 

Augusta 

Williamson 

Camden 

Alleghany , 

Crawford 

Butler 

Luzerne 

Venango 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Paulding 

Mason 

Barry 

Montgomery... 

Union 

ProTidence...., 

Calhoun 

Bussell 

Washington-.. 

Yell 

Ogletliorpe ..... 

Madison 

Washington.... 

Cherokee , 

Crawford , 

Washington.... 

Lowndes , 

Buchanan-..,. 

Osage 

Orange 

Currituck 

Cosliocton 

Wyandot , 

Wyandot 

Clinton , 

Presque  Isle... 

Taliaferro 

Crawford , 

Montgomery.. 
Washington... 

Linn 

Wakulla 

Rockingham.. 

Frederick 

Livingston .... 

Scott 

De  Witt 

Indiana 

Bussell 

Knox 

Del  Norte 


State. 


Pa- 

Pa- 

Tenn... 

Va 

Pa 

Ind 

Mo 

Tenn ... 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.  C 

Ill 

N.C.-.. 

S.C 

N.  Y.... 

N.  y„.. 

Iowa.... 

Md 

Pa 

N.  Mex. 

N.  J... 

Kan.. 

Ohio.. 

N.C- 

111 

Ky.... 

N.  C.„ 

Va.... 

N.C.- 

K.C.- 

Tex.„ 

Tex„. 

Vt 

Vt 

Ark.- 

111 

Ind... 

Mo.... 

Pa..... 

Va..., 

Ill— . 

N.  J._ 

N.  0- 

Ohio- 
Pa.,... 

Pa...,, 

Pa 

Me..,. 

N.J-, 

Ohio- 

IlL.,.. 

Mo.... 

N,  Y- 

N.  J.., 

B.  I... 

Ill 

Ala... 

Ark... 

Ark-, 

Ga 

I  Iowa. 
I  Iowa, 
I  Kan- 

Kan- 

Me..„ 

Miss,. 

Mo.... 

Mo... 

N,Y- 

N.  C- 

Ohio,, 

Ohio- 
Ohio,, 

Pa„,.. 

Mich. 

Ga..... 

Ill 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Oregon. 

Fla... 

N.  H. 

Md... 

Mo,... 

Minn 

111 

Pa 

Ky.... 

Neb... 

Cal.... 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880. 


811 
316 
447 


492 

2*,aw 

""720 
'760 
3*829 


76 


607 


631 

1,622 


1,048 
483 


1,330 
'"282 
1,843 


468 

1,281 

946 


2,337 
360 

T,686 

1,068 

627 


4,822 
664 


211 


739 
1,317 

693 
1,636 

209 


1,616 
2,438 
2,024 
1,867 
1,246 
1,860 

'40b 


3,701 
249 


966 

448 

1,022 


1,134 
343 
799 
436 
86 
139 
764 
222 

2,611 
77 

1,149 
35U 

1,066 
112 

4,009 

1,661 

1,042 
62 
67 
664 
424 
168 
143 
876 
114 
638 

2,223 
726 
846 
746 
99 
267 

1,381 
162 
612 
46 

1,980 
641 
106 
117 
204 
66 
602 

1,824 
983 
428 

2,434 
343 

1,599 

1,202 

804 

848 

76 

1,184 

6,940 
676 
124 
672 
231 
312 
951 

1,261 
893 

2,799 
206 
304 

1,462 

2,862 

1,951 

2,350 

1,431 

2,213 

61 

463 

83 

611 

30 

6.251 

265 

68 

84 

93 

140 

1,208 
383 

1,211 
60 
50 
10 

1,281 


Place. 


Crescent tp. 

Crescent* tp. 

Crescent p.T. 

Crescent tp. 

Crescent  City p.T. 

Cresco p.T. 

Cresco tp. 

Cresskill p.T. 

Cresaona p.b. 

Crestline p.T. 

Creston p.T. 

Creston .p.T. 

Creswell* tp. 

Creswell p.T. 

Crete tp. 

Crete p.T, 

Crete p.v. 

Cridersville p.T. 

Criglersville p.h. 

Crisfleld p.T. 

Crisman p.h, 

Crittenden tp. 

Crittenden p.T, 

Crittenden p.h. 

Croatan tp, 

Crocker tp. 

Crockery- tp. 

Crockett tp. 

Crockett p.T. 

Crockett's  Bluff— ..p.h. 

Crofton - p.T. 

Crofton ,. p.b. 

Croghan tp, 

Croghan p,T. 

Cromers tp, 

Crompton T. 

Cromwell p.tp, 

Cromwell p.T. 

Cromwell p.T. 

Cromwell p.v. 

Cromwell  < tp. 

Crook tp. 

Crook  City p.v. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek. tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek. tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  BiTer tp. 

Crookston tp. 

Crookston p.T. 

Cropsey* tp. 

Cropwell.- p.T, 

Crosby tp. 

Cross p.tp. 

Cross  Anchor. tp. 

Cross  Anchor. p.b. 

Cross  Creek tp. 

Cross  Creek tp. 

Cross  Creek. tp. 

Cross  Creek  Village.p.T, 

Cross  Hill tp. 

Cross  Hill p,T, 

Cross  Keys ...t. 

Cross  Keys p.T, 

Cross  Keys -..p.tp. 

Cross  Plains p.T. 

Cross  Plains p.h. 

Cross  Plains p.T. 

Cross  Plains tp. 

Cross  Plains p.h. 

Cross  Boads tp. 

Cross  Roads tp. 

Cross  Timbers tp. 

Cross  Timbers p.h. 

Cross  Village  • tp. 

Cross  Village p.h. 

Crossville p.T, 

Orossville p.v. 

CroBswicks p.T. 

Croswell p.T. 

CrothersTlUo p.T. 

Croton tp. 

Croton p.T. 

Croton p.T. 

Croton  Falls pJi. 

Croton  Landing p.T. 

Crowder'sMount'n.p.tp. 
Crow  Lake p.tp. 


County, 


Iroquois 

Pottawattamie. . 

Saratoga 

Alleghany 

Pottawattamie.. 

Howard 

Kossuth 

Bergen 

SchuylkiU 

Crawford 

Ogle 

Union 

Cowley 

Washington 

Will 

Will 

Saline 

Auglaize , 

Madison 

Somerset 

Porter 

Champaign 

Grant 

Erie 

Dare , 

Polk 

Ottawa 

Arkansas , 

Houston. , 

Arkansas 

Christian 

Kalkaska- 

Lewis- 

Lewis 

Newberry 

Kent 

Middleeex 

Noble 

Union 

Ohio 

Huntingdon 

Drew 

Lawrence 

Boone 

Cumberland. 

Jasper 

Houston 

Bollinger. 

McDowell 

Bay 

Polk 

Polk 

McLean 

St.  CI  air. 

Hamilton 

Buffalo 

Spartanburg 

Spartanburg 

Cumlierland 

Jefferson 

Washington 

Washington 

Laurens 

Laurens 

Baltimore 

Gloucester 

Union 

Calhonn 

Bipley 

Robertson 

Dane 

Dane 

Martin 

Wilson 

Hickory 

Hickory 

Emmett 

Emmett 

White 

Cumberlaud 

Burlington 

Sanilac 

Jackson 

Newaygo 

Newaygo 

Delaware 

Westchester 

Westchester 

Gaston 

Steams 


State, 


ni... 

Iowa.,,, 
N,  Y. 

Pa-.., 
Iowa 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.,.. 
N.  J-..„ 

Pa , 

Ohio 

Ill 

Iowa,.., 
Kan-... 

N.C 

Ill 

HI 

Neb 

Ohio 

Va 

Md 

Ind 

Ill 

Ky 

N.  Y-.„ 

N.  C 

Iowa,... 
Mich,.., 

Ark 

Tex 

Ark,-,., 

Ky 

Mich,... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-„, 

8.  C 

B.  I 

Conn..,. 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Pa 

Ark 

Dak 

Ark.-.,, 

Ill 

ni 

Minn  „. 

Mo 

N.C 

Mo 

Minn ,.. 
Minn  „. 

Ill 

Ala 

Ohio 

Wis 

S.  0 

s.  c 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  C 

S.C 

Md 

N.  J 

s.  c 

Ala 

Ind 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  C 

N.  C, 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.,,. 
Mich,,,. 

Ill 

Tenn,,,, 

N.J 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich..., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  y 

N.C 

Minn ... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


541 
1,117 


364 


912 
309 


1,607 
2,279 


411 
214 


1,468 


167 


870 
296 


256 


1,126 
637 
638 


2,433 


166 

149 

1,380 


646 

981 

1,668 

466 


389 
1,622 


869 


2,614 

664 

1,833 


147 
1,800 
1,034 


2,393 


1,349 


1,506 

"m 

"663 
""95 


923 


1,931 


•  In  1870,  including  Antwerp. 

*  Tn  1873,  area  reduced. 

278 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

*  In  1870,  including  Orbisonia. 


6  Since  1870,  part  to  Anchor.  «  Since  1870,  area  much  reduce** 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


nao*. 


Otow.  Oity p.T. 

CrowL  Point p.T. 

OrowD  Point p.tp. 

Grow  River tp. 

Orowville h. 

Oroydon p.tp. 

Oroydon p.h. 

Oroyle tp. 

Orozerrille T. 

Crnger. tp. 

Oruger p.T. 

Cnimpton p.T. 

Crystal -tp. 

Orystal^ tp. 

Crystal p.tp. 

Crystal tp. 

Crystal p.tp. 

Crystal ....tp. 

Crystal p.T, 

Crystal tp. 

Crystal  City p.T. 

Crystal  Lake _p.T. 

Crystal  Lake* tp. 

Crystal  Lake «tp. 

Crystal  Lake tp. 

Crystal  Ridge t. 

Crystal  River p.h. 

Crj'stal  Spring p.h. 

Crystal  Springs p.T. 

Crystal  Valley p.T. 

Cuba  - p.T. 

Cuba tp. 

Cuba tp. 

Caba p.T. 

Cuba tp. 

Cuba p.T. 

Cuba p.T. 

Cuba  City p.h. 

Cuba  Station p.T. 

Cubero p.T. 

Cucharas p.T. 

Cuero p.T. 

Cuivre tp. 

Cuivre tp. 

Ouivre tp. 

CalbertsoD p.T. 

Culdrum p.tp. 

Cullen tp. 

OuUeoka p.T. 

Cullman p.v. 

Oulloden p.T. 

CuUowhee p.tp. 

Culpeper p.T. 

Culver p.tp. 

Culverton p.h. 

Cumberland p.T. 

Cumberland p.tp. 

Cumberland c. 

Cumberland p.h. 

Cumberland t. 

Cumberland p.T. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumberland p.T. 

Cumberland  City  ....p.h. 
Cumberland  HilI....p.T. 
Cumberland  Mills  .p.T. 
CumberlandValley  p.tp. 

Cumbola p.T. 

Gumming p.T. 

Cumming tp. 

Cummings tp. 

Cuminingsville p.h. 

Cummings  ville t. 

Cumniingtou p.tp. 

Onmru p.tp. 

Cunningham' tp. 

Cunningham ..p.T. 

Cunningham's tp. 

Curdsville p.v. 

CurllsTille p.T. 

Curran tp. 

Curran p.T. 

Current tp. 

Current tp. 

Current  River tp. 

Current  River* tp. 

Onrrie p.h. 


Coanty. 


Gallia. „. 

Lake 

Essex .., 

Steams 

Warrick 

SnlliTan 

Morgan 

Cambria 

Delaware 

Woodford , 

Woodford , 

Queen  Anne 

Montgomery ..... 

Hancock 

Tama .., 

Phillips 

Aroostook 

Montcalm 

Montcalm 

Oceana 

Jefferson 

McHenry 

Benzie , 

Hennepin 

Marquette 

Luzerne 

Waupaca 

Yates 

Copiah 

Oceana 

Fulton 

Lake 

Becker 

Crawford , 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Clinton- , 

Grant 

Sumter , 

Valencia 

Huerfano 

De  Witt 

Audrain 

Pike 

St.  Charles 

Hitchcock 

Morrison , 

Pulaski 

Maury 

Cullman 

Monroe „. 

Jackson 

Culpeper 

Ottawa 

Hancock 

Marion 

Cumberland...... 

Alleghany 

Sumner„ 

Cumberland. 

Guernsey... 

Adams 

Greene 

Providence , 

Barron 

Barron 

Clinton 

Providence 

Cumlierland 

Bedford 

Schuylkill 

Forsyth , 

Ogemaw 

Lycoming- 

Atchison 

Livingston 

Hampslilre 

Berks 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Person , 

Daviess 

Clarion , 

Sangamon 

Sangamon , 

Dent 

Texas 

Randolph  - 

Ripley , 

Murray- 


SUte. 


Ohio..... 

Ind 

N.  T — 
Minn ... 

Ind 

N.  H.... 
Utah.... 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Ark 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Wis.-... 

Pa. 

Wis. 

N.  Y-... 

Miss 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio..... 
Wte.-.., 

Ala 

N.  Mez. 

Col 

Tex 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Minn  ... 

Mo 

Tenn ... 

Ala 

Ga 

N.  0 

Va 

Kan-... 

Qa. 

Ind 

Me 

Md 

Miss 

N.J 

Ohio-.., 

Pa. 

Pa- 

R.  1.-... 

Wis 

Wis. 

Ky 

R.  I 

Me 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ga. 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Kan 

N.Y 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C-... 

Ky 

Pa- 

Ill 

HI 

Mo 

Mo 

Ark 

Mo 

Minn... 


Population. 


187a     1880, 


2,449 


662 
'88(8 


68 
642 


260 
746 


181 


686 
718 
660 


864 


668 
970 


2,397 


1,480 
3,271 
3,174 


620 


276 
1,626 
8,066 


319 
1,466 
1,768 
3,882 


1,367 
""267 
""277 


1,037 

2,673 

761 


1,119 


208 
1,000 


467 


1,378 
960 


248 

1,708 

4,287 

137 

41 

608 

162 

893 

228 

648 

98 

312 

179 

99 

747 

674 

276 

1,296 

179 

661 

460 

646 

912 

1,019 

644 

142 

42 

160 

915 

129 

656 

981 

369 

374 

2,203 

1,251 

167 

48 

232 

253 

360 

1,333 

3,309 

3,643 

3,820 

108 

223 

1,262 

199 

426 

381 

713 

1,613 

1,111 

123 

299 

1,619 

10,693 

90 

212 

619 

1,612 

1,868 

6,445 

642 

246 

94 

263 

916 

1,270 

306 

250 

122 

319 

60 

126 

881 

3,064 

1,270 

177 

1,331 

197 

145 

1,065 

101 

460 

231 

699 

299 

78 


Place. 


Currituck tp. 

Curry .~.tp, 

CurrysTllle -v. 

Curr5rville p.T. 

Curtin - tp. 

CurtisTille p.T. 

CurtisTllle p.T. 

Curtisville v. 

CurwinsTille p.b. 

Gushing p.tp. 

Cusseta -...p.T, 

Gussewago tp. 

Custar p.T. 

Custer p.T, 

Custer p.T, 

Custer tp. 

Custer tp. 

Custer ^ 

Custer tp. 

Custer ^ 

Custer tp. 

Cutchogue p.T. 

Cuthbert —p.T, 

Cutler p.T. 

Cutler tp. 

Cutler p.tp. 

Cutler  Station p.h. 

Cut-off. -tp. 

GuttingsTllle p.T. 

Cuyahoga  Falls p.T. 

Gnyler tp. 

Guyler p.h. 

GuylerTllle p.T. 

Cylon p.tp, 

Gynthiana p.T. 

Cynthiana t. 

Cynthiana p.T. 

Cynthiana p.h. 

Cynthiana tp. 

Cypress tp. 

Cypress tp. 

Cypress*. tp. 

Cypress tp. 

Cypreea  Creek tp. 

Cypress  Creek tp. 

Cypress  Creek tp. 

Cypress  Ridge tp. 

Cyr tp. 

DacusTille p.tp, 

DadeTllle p.T. 

DadeTille p.T. 

Dagsborough hnd. 

Dagsborough p.h. 

Dahlgren -p.h. 

Dahlgren -p.tp. 

Dahlonega p.T, 

Dahlonega tp. 

Dahlonega p.T, 

Dakota tp. 

Dakota p.T. 

Dakota* tp. 

Dakota p.T. 

Dakota p.h, 

Dakota p.T. 

Dakota p.tp. 

Dale. .tp. 

Dale p.T. 

Dale - tp. 

Dale -p.tp, 

Dale tp. 

Dale p.tp. 

Dale  City p.T. 

Daleville p.v. 

Dallas p.v. 

Dallas p.T. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallos tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas p.T. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas pin. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas - tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas p.T. 

Dallas tp. 


Ooonty. 


Hyde „ 

SulllTan 

Snllivan 

Pike 

Centre 

Tipton , 

Berkshire 

Plymouth 

Clearfield ..., 

Knox 

Chattahoochee. ... 

Crawford 

Wood 

Custer 

Custer ,...., 

Will 

Mitchell 

Antrim- 

Mason 

Sanilac 

Lyon 

Suffolk 

Randolph- , 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Washington 

Perry 

Miller , 

Rutland 

Summit , 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Livingston 

St.  Croix 

Posey , 

Shelby 

Harrison 

Pike 

Shelby 

Faulkner. , 

Phillips 

Harrison 

Darlington , 

Bladen , 

Duplin..! 

Franklin 

Monroe , 

Aroostook 

Pickens , 

Tallapoosa 

Dade 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Hamilton , 

Carver , 

Lumpkin 

Wapello 

Wapello 

Stephenson 


State. 


K.  Oi... 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ind...... 

Mass.... 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

Me 

Ga 

Pa- 

Ohio 

Dakota. 
Idaho 

111 

Kan- 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
N.Y- 
Ga..... 
Ind..., 
Kan- 
Me.... 

Ill 

Ark.- 
Vt...., 
Ohio- 
N.Y- 
N.Y- 
N.Y- 
Wta.- 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ky.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio-, 
Ark.- 
Ark.„ 
Mo ..., 
S.  C.-, 
N.  C-, 
N.  C. 
N.  C, 
Ark.„ 
Me..... 
8.  G..., 
Ala..., 
Mo ..., 
Del ... 
Del.... 
HI-..., 
Minn, 

Ga 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
HI 


Stephenson i  III 

Humboldt 

Humboldt..... 

Winona 

Dakota 

Waushara-... 

McLean 

Spencer 

Lyon 

Cottonwood.. 

Atchison 

Outagamie.... 

Guthrie 

Delaware-.... 

Polk 

Paulding 

Hancock 

Huntingdon. 

Dallas 

Marion.- 

Marion 

Taylor 

Franklin 

Clinton 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

St  Clair 

Webster 

Gaston 

Gaston 

Crawford 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Neb 

Wis.-... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Wis.-... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Ark. — 
Qa....... 

IlL 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mo ...... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  C. — 
Ohio 


PopnlatloB. 


1870.      1880. 


1,682 


469 


666 

704 

216 

1,674 


2,210 
*i«6 


1,861 

1,367 

90 


348 


1,771 
"i',597 


1,230 
1,598 


1,024 
1,087 


376 
1,356 


2,699 


1,303 
471 


962 


676 
162 


300 

477 

1,188 


1,483 

338 

1,066 


604 

169 

1,360 

sm 

661 


1,266 

4,006 

299 

370 


2,065 

2^270 
131 
273 
624 
123 
231 
148 
706 
805 
166 

1,697 
248 
271 
144 
611 
390 
366 
660 
262 
293 
825 

2,129 
114 
901 
829 
76 
677 
148 

2,294 

1,382 
131 
254 
716 
313 
171 

2,101 
149 

1,836 
C05 
898 
797 

1,413 
573 

1,234 

1,104 
322 
558 

1,719 
740 
243 

2,641 

58 

206 

1,220 
602 
536 
116 
886 
257 
248 
248 
81 
364 
637 

1,133 
318 
208 
227 

1,496 

1,123 

74 

297 

176 

169 

1,137 

1,433 
715 

1,093 
47 

1,023 
146 

1,731 

1,161 

1,011 
636 

1,449 

2,747 
417 
600 


1  In  1878,  part  to  Bingham. 
*  In  1873,  part  to  Lake. 


•  In  1874,  area  reduced. 

*  In  1871,  part  to  Doniphan. 


*  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 


•  Since  1870, 1 


k  much  reduced 
279 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAKED. 


Plac«. 


Oounty. 


Dallas :.T. 

Dallas p.T. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas » p.b. 

Dallas ^ c. 

Dallas p.h. 

Dallas p.tp. 

Dallasburg b. 

Dalliis  Centre p.  v. 

Dallas  City p.v. 

Dallas  City  „ v. 

Dallastown p.b. 

Dalles  (The) p.v. 

Dalton p.v. 

Dalton tp. 

Dalton p.b. 

Dalton ^ p.v. 

Dalton p.tp. 

Daltou tp. 

Dalton p.h. 

Dalton p.v. 

Dalton p.tp. 

Dalton p.v. 

Dalton ~..p.v. 

Dalton  City p.v. 

Dalzell p.h. 

Daraariscotta tp. 

Damariscotta p.v. 

Damailscotta  Mlll8..p.v. 

Damascorille p.v. 

Damascus h. 

Damascus p.v. 

Damascus tp. 

Damascus. p.tp. 

Damiansvllle p.h. 

Dana p.v. 

Dana p.h. 

Dana p.tp. 

Danburg p.h. 

Danbury p.tp. 

Danbury p.h. 

Daubury p.tp. 

Danbury p.v. 

Danbury p.tp. 

Danby p.tp. 

Danby mm tp. 

Danby p.v. 

Dauby tp. 

Dauby p.v. 

Dancyvllle.~ p.v. 

Dandridge p.v. 

Dane tp. 

Dane p.h. 

Dane  Prairie. « tp. 

Danforth tp. 

Danforth  _ p.v. 

Danforth p.tp. 

Danforth v. 

Dangerfleld p.v. 

Daniel v. 

Danielson tp. 

Danielsonville p.b. 

Danielsville p.v. 

Dannebrog pji. 

Dannemora tp. 

Dannemora p.v. 

Dan  Biver tp. 

Dansville p.v. 

Dansville p.v. 

Dansville tp. 

Dansville h. 

Danube p.tp, 

Danvers tp. 

Dan  vers p.v. 

Danvers p.tp 

Danvers  Port- p.v. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville ^^c. 

Danville tp. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville tp. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville tp. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville p.tp, 

Danville tp. 

Danville ^..p.v. 

Danville p.tp, 

Danville v. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville p.b. 

Danville p.v. 

2io 


Darke 

Polk M 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Dallas 

Marshall 

Barron 

Warren 

Dallas 

Hancock 

Henderson 

York 

Wasco 

Whitfield 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hopkins 

Berkshire 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Chariton 

Coos 

Wayne 

Lackawanna... 

Moultrie 

Washington.... 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Columbiana.... 

Placer 

Montgomeiy... 

Henry 

Wayne 

Clinton 

La  Salle 

Vermilion 

Worcester 

Wilkes 

Fairfield 

Woodbury 

Merrimac 

Stokes 

Ottawa.. 

Ionia 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Haywood 

Jefferson 

Dane 

Dane 

Otter  Tail , 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Washington-., 

Onondaga 

Morris 

Campbell 

Meeker 

Windham , 

Madison 

Howard 

Clinton.- , 

Clinton 

Caswell , 

Ingham , 

Livingston .... 

Steuben 

Meigs 

Herkimer 

McLean- 

McLean , 

Essex 

Essex , 

Morgan 

Yell 

Vermilion-.... 
Vermilion-.... 

Hendricks 

Des  Moines.... 
Des  Moines.... 

Worth 

Boyle 

Blue  Earth.... 
Montgomery . 
Montgomery . 
Rockingham . 

Highland 

Knox 

Montour 

Houston 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

W.  Va.- 

Wis 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

HI., 

Pa. 

Oregon. 

Ga 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  H-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Ohio 

Cal 

Md 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mass..... 

Qa 

Conn.... 
Iowa.... 
N.  H.... 

N.C 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 

Vt 

Vt 

Tenn ... 
Tenn ... 

Wis 

WlB 

Minn ... 

Ill 

ni 

Me 

N.  Y-... 

Tex 

Va 

Minn .., 
Conn.... 

Qa 

Neb 

N.  Y-.., 
N.  Y-.. 
N.O...... 

Mich.... 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 

Ohio-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

ni 

Ill 

Mass.., 
Mass.., 

Ala 

Ark.-., 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 

Ky 

Minn . 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Tenn.. 


221 
'986 


133 


287 

942 

1,809 

766 

73 


1,252 
401 


773 
412 


1,232 
■""94 


1,179 
2,823 


758 
8*753 
'"796 


1,262 
1,176 
2,126 


1,319 


1,013 
80 


313 


1,612 


1,910 

443 

3,387 

1,981 


1,324 

1,760 

356 

6,600 


4,761 
2,434 
1,040 
1,604 


2,642 

667 

2,264 


648 

167 

134 

8,436 


542 

670 

879 

272 

10,358 

82 

694 

49 

460 

714 

115 

482 

2,232 

2,516 

748 

69 

121 

2,052 

471 

76 

199 

670 

486 

172 

280 

42 

1,142 

722 

96 

107 

44 

112 

1,415 

2,871 

96 

156 

183 

736 

32 

11,666 

69 

760 

144 

1,599 

1,423 

2,065 

137 

1,202 

179 

203 

431 

1,161 

126 

437 

1,682 

207 

612 

802 

395 

446 

421 

3,118 

128 

53 

2,962 

577 

2,127 

440 

3,625 

1,788 

35 

1,235 

1,765 

460 

6,598 

270 

117 

200 

7,733 

3,926 

1,598 

1,469 

271 

629 

3,074 

707 

2,655 

239 

613 

139 

2.54 

8,346 

77 


Place. 


Danville tp. 

Danville p.v. 

Danville.. p.v. 

Danville p.v. 

Dan  way pJ». 

Darby tp. 

Darby tp. 

Darby tp. 

Darby tp. 

Darby p.b. 

Darby  ville p.v. 

Dardanelle p.v. 

Dardenne p.tp. 

Darien p.tp. 

Darien p.v. 

Darien- tp. 

Darien p.r. 

Darien tp. 

Darien p.v. 

Darien  Centre p.r. 

Dark  Corner tp. 

Dark  Comers v. 

Darli  ngton p.T. 

Darlington tp. 

Darlington p.v. 

Darlington.- p.h. 

Darlington.- tp. 

Darlington— p.v. 

Darlington tp. 

Darling^n p.v. 

Darlington-. tp. 

Darlingrton p.v. 

Darmstadt p.h. 

Darmstadt t. 

Damen tp. 

Damestown p.r. 

Darrtown p.v. 

Dartford p.T. 

Dartmouth p.tp. 

Darwin ^. 

Darwn p.T. 

Darwin tp. 

Darwin p.b. 

Dassel tp. 

Dassel p.T. 

Dauphin p.b. 

Dauphine p.h. 

Davenport c. 

Davenport tp. 

Davenport p.tp. 

David  City p.T. 

Davidsburg v. 

David's  Island isl. 

Davidson p.tp. 

Davidson  College.-p.v. 

Davidson  River tp. 

David8villo« h. 

Davilla. p.T. 

Davis p.T. 

Davis tp. 

Davis tp. 

Davis MM tp. 

Davis tp. 

Davis tp. 

Davisborongh p.T. 

Davisbnrg M..p.T. 

Davis  City p.T. 

Davison tp. 

Davison p.T. 

Davisvllle p.T. 

Davisville p.h. 

Dawn p.T. 

Dawn p.v. 

Dawson p.T. 

Dawson p.T. 

Dawson tp. 

Dawson p.v. 

Dawson tp. 

Dawson M..p.h. 

Dawson p.v. 

DawsonvlUe p.v. 

Day tp. 

Day p.tp, 

Daysville p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton- p.T. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.T. 

Dayton p.T. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 


County.  State. 


Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Pittsylvania.... 

Dodge 

La  Salle 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Union 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Pickaway 

Yell 

St.  Charles 

Fairfield 

Mcintosh 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Genesee 

Anderson 

Columbia 

Montgomery... 

Harvey 

Harford 

Gentry 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Darlington 

Darlington 

St.  Clair 

Vanderbnrg.... 

Stevens 

Montgomery... 

Bntler 

Green  Lake 

Bristol 

Clark 

Clark 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Dauphin 

Osage- 

Scott 

Scott 

Delaware.- 

Bntler 

Blair 

Wpstchester..., 

Sullivan 

Mecklenburg., 
Transylvania., 

Indiana. 

Milam 

Stephenson 

Fountain , 

Starke 

Caldwell , 

Henry , 

Lafayette 

Wasbinfston.... 

Oakland 

Decatur. 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Yolo 

Washington-.. 

Livingston 

Darke 

Terrell 

Sangamon , 

Greene 

Hopkins 

Phelpa 

Nodaway 

Fayette , 

Dawson 

Montcalm 

Saratoga. 

Ogle 

Marengo 

Sebastian 

Butte 

Butte 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Tippecanoe.... 

Bremer 

Butler 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ark 

Mo 

Conn.... 

Ga 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

S.  0 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan 

Md 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

S.  0 

S.  0 

Ill , 

Ind 

Minn ... 

Md 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mass.... 

Ill 

HL....... 

Minn ... 
Minn .. 
Minn ... 
Minn .. 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
N.  Y.... 
Neb-..., 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 

Pa 

N.C... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Tex 

Hi 

Ind 

Ind-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ga 

Mich... 
Iowa. ... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Cal 

B.  I 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Ga. 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Qa. 

Mich.... 
N.  Y — 

111 

Ala 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


2,216 


3,463 


1,648 
1,142 

996 
1,205 

233 

926 
3,092 
1,808 

547 
2,064 


1,683 


1,178 


168 


1,811 

280 

2,773 


1,986 


258 


3,367 
1,012 


369 


639 


739 

66 

20,038 

3,414 

2,187 


784 


663 
244 
673 


1,723 


1,124 


1,099 


610 
1,127 


663 
103 
386 
419 
383 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Dayton  1 ^ tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.tp, 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton -p.v. 

Dayton...... p.tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton c. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.b. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Daytona p.v. 

Dead  Blver p.tp. 

Deadwood p.v. 

Dean p.h. 

Dean tp. 

Deansvllle p.v. 

Deanville p.h. 

Dearborn tp. 

Dearborn p.v. 

Deaaonville p.h. 

Deavertown p.v. 

Deblois P-tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.v, 

Decator c. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur. p.v 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur p.v 

Decatur tp. 

Decatnr p.v. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur. p.tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur p.tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur^ tp. 

Decaturvllle p.v. 

Decherd p.v. 

Decker tp. 

Decker tp. 

Decker's  Station. ..p.h. 

Deckertown p.v. 

Deckei-ville p.v. 

Decorah tp. 

Decorah p.v. 

Decoria tp. 

Dedham p.tp. 

Dedham'. p.tp. 

Deedsville p.h. 

Deep  Creek tp. 

Deep  Creek tp. 

Deep  Creek tp. 

Deep  Creek p.v. 

Deep  River p.h. 

Deep  River p.tp. 

Deep  River tp. 

Deep  River p.v. 

Deep  River p.tp. 

Deep  Water tp. 

Deep  Water tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek p.h. 

Deer  Creek tp. 


County. 


Cedur 

Chickasaw 

Iowa 

Webster 

Webster 

Wright 

Phillips 

Saline 

Campbell 

York 

Berrien ......... 

Newaygo 

Tuscola 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Cass 

Newton 

Lyon 

Cattaraugus... 
Cattaraugus... 
Montgomery . 

Yam  Hill 

Armstrong... . 

Rhea 

Liberty 

Rockingham  . 

Columbia 

Green , 

Richland 

Waupaca 

Volusia. 

Somerset 

Lawrence 

Appanoose .... 

Cambria 

Oneida 

Armstrong.... 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Yazoo 

Morgan 

Washington.., 

Morgan 

De  Kalb , 

Macon , 

Macon 

Adams 

Marion - 

Decatur 

Decatur , 

Van  Buren... 
Van  Buren... 

Newton 

Burt 

Otsego 

Brown , 

Lawrence 

Washington.. 

Clearfield 

Mifflin 

Meigs 

Wise 

Green 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Richland 

Knox 

Knox 

Sussex 

Sanilac , 

Winneshiek . 
Winneshiek .. 
Blue  Earth... 

Hancock , 

Norfolk , 

Miami 

Clinton 

Kdgecombe.... 

Yadkin , 

Norfolk , 

Lake 

Poweshiek ... 

Bay 

Bay , 

Guilford 

Bates , 

Henry 

Tazewell , 

Carroll... 

Carroll ...., 

Cass 


State. 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa,... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Nevada. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Tex 

Va 

Wash... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Fla 

Me 

Dakota. 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Miss 

Ohio 

Me 

Ala 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 

Miss 

Neb 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn..., 

Tex 

Wis 

Tenn  ... 
Tenn ... 

Ill , 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  J„... 
Mich..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Me 

Mass..., 

Ind , 

Iowa..., 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Va , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 

N.  C 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


820 
543 
939 
975 


1,749 
611 


771 
660 
951 


1,267 
30,473 


968 
871 


195 


2,302 
S80 


160 
139 
671 

401 
7,161 
1,337 

858 
1,559 
1,046 


2,512 
1,420 


802 
204 
1,761 
1,437 
1,461 
1,171 
99 


2,459 

188 


971 
837 


1,613 

2,110 

262 

448 

7,342 


1,081 
1,706 
1,236 


799 


1,071 


2,055 

763 

3,468 


1,271 


793 

765 

1,025 

1,268 

239 

149 

270 

459 

3,210 

592 

181 

1,588 

1,039 

1,197 

255 

843 

1,165 

391 

1,705 

367 

38,678 

368 

579 

200 

348 

258 

996 

113 

1,109 

801 

321 

113 

3,777 

15 

216 

200 

69 

2,094 

410 

50 

229 

105 

1,063 

639 

9,547 

1,375 

1,905 

1,617 

1,038 

2:!5 

2,248 

1,267 

47 

633 

779 

258 

2,043 

1,504 

2,443 

1,406 

175 

679 

1,920 

252 

1,008 

1,233 

933 

118 

370 

100 

1,035 

2,951 

673 

406 

6,233 

112 

1,042 

1,862 

1,259 

273 

39 

1,106 

488 

135 

1,066 

1,096 

1,652 

857 

3,695 

127 

1,607 


Place. 


Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek p.tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld p.v. 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld. p.tp. 

Deerfleld tp, 

Deerfleld tp, 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld p.tp 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld p.h, 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld p.v. 

Deerfleld. tp. 

Deerfleld p.v. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld p.v, 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld tp, 

Deerfleld v, 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld* tp. 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld  Centre  ...p.h. 

Deer  Grove p.h, 

Deering tp. 

Deering p.tp. 

Deer  Isle p.tp. 

Deer  Lodge  City., ..p.v. 

Deer  Park P-tp, 

Deer  Park p.v. 

Deer  Park tp. 

Deer  Park p.h. 

Deer  Ridge p.h. 

Deersville p.v. 

Defiance p.v. 

Defiance tp. 

Defiance p.v, 

Defreeatville p.b, 

Degonia tp, 

De  Graff. p.v. 

De  Kalb tp, 

De  Kalb v. 

De  Kalb p.y. 

De  Kalb p.tp, 

De  Kalb p.h. 

De  Kalb tp. 

Dekorra tp. 

Dekorra p.h. 

Delafield tp. 

Delafield _tp. 

Delafield p.v, 

Delana tp. 

Delanco p.v, 

De  Lancy p.v. 

Delano p.tp 

Delano p.v. 

Delano -p.v. 

Delantl ~v. 

Delavan tp. 

Delavan p.v. 

Delavan tp. 

Delavan p.y. 

Delavan tp. 

Delavan p.v. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware p.tp, 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware p.v. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 


County. 


Miami 

Mills 

Webster 

Worth 

Allen 

Phillips 

Otter  Tail 

Bates 

Henry 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Mercer 

Outagamie 

Fulton 

Lake 

Randolph 

Chickasaw 

Franklin 

Isabella 

Lapeer 

Lenawee 

Livingston 

Mecosta 

Steele 

Vernon , 

Rockingham ,., 
Rockingham ,., 
Cumberland.,.., 

Cumberland 

Oneida , 

Oneida , 

Morgan 

Portage 

Portage , 

Boss 

Warren , 

Warren 

Tioga , 

Warren 

Dane , 

Waushara 

Rockingham... 

Whiteside 

Cumberland ,.., 
Hillsborough.., 

Hancock , 

Deer  Lodge 

La  Salle 

Garrett. 

Orange 

St.  Croix 

Lewis , 

Harrison 

Worth 

Defiance , 

Defiance 

Rensselaer 

Jackson 

Logan , 

De  Kalb „ 

De  Kalb , 

Buchanan , 

St.  Lawrence.., 

Crawford 

Kershaw 

Columbia. 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Waukesha. 

Waukesha. 

Humboldt 

Burlington 

Delaware 

Sedgvrlck.. 

Wright 

Schuylkill 

Chautauqua 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Fariliault , 

Faribault , 

Walworth 

Walworth , 

Delaware 

Hamilton  ~ 

Ripley 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Polk 

Sac 

Jefferson 


SUte. 


Ind 

Iowa..,. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wi8„.,.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich..,. 

Mich.... 

Minn... 

Mo. 

N.  H.... 

N.  H... 

N.  J.... 

N.  J„.. 

N.  Y_.. 

N.  Y.... 

Ohio..., 

Ohio..,. 

Ohio.... 

Ohio-,, 

Ohio..,, 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  H... 

Ill 

Me 

N.  H... 

Me 

Mon.... 

Ill 

Md 

N.  Y.... 

Wis 

Mo 

Ohio..,, 

Mo 

Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 
N,  Y-,. 

Ill 

Ohio-,, 

111 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  Y„,. 
Ohio-.. 

S.  0 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa... 
N.J-.. 
N.Y.... 
Kan.... 
Minn  „ 

Pa 

N.Y-.. 

Ill 

Ill- 

Minn .. 
Mian .. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Kan 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,173 

266 

'614 


1,057 


823 
1,468 
679 
134 
907 
1,526 


599 
3,632 


419 

1,234 

1,128 

564 

438 

606 

1,768 


1,618 


2,046 


981 
1,025 


1,223 

1,966 

274 

666 

2,324 

1,040 

234 


722 
3,414 

788 
894 


9,387 


306 


3,616 
2,750 


470 

624 

2,164 


3,116 

70 

2,678 

1,397 


1,364 
"'l« 


246 
1,957 


660 


2,609 
1,688 
1,210 
1,434 
1,669 
2,727 


866 


1,943 


1,22^ 

840 

49» 

361 

963 

642 

302 

976 

1,121 

910 

1,636 

681 

663 

1,004 

2,418 

102 

1,066 

3,643 

621 

999 

1,580 

1,162 

1,093 

868 

1,061 

1,669 

106 

1,643 

181 

2,082 

716 

1,036 

985 

160 

1,476 

2,011 

311 

908 

667 

972 

307 

98 

46 

4,324 

674 

3,266 

941 

860 

196 

11,420 

56 

47 

382 

30 

6,846 

5,907 

90 

688 

966 

2,465 

1,598 

237 

8,027 

72 

7,868 

1,278 

52 

S2S 

1,461 

183 

49C 

462 

112 

630 

407 

434 

336 

2,044 

1,34C 

612 

251 

2,560 

1,798 

1,361 

1,819 

1,62S 

3,033 

219 

687 

310 

2,728 


>  Exclusive  of  Clarence. 
19 


*  Including  Brodbead  Village.        ■  Since  1870,areamuch  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  redncad. 
281 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Connty. 


Delaware.. tp. 

Delaware v. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware p.h, 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware. tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp.- 

Delaware tj). 

Delaware c. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware  City p.r, 

Delaware  WaterQap.p.T 

Delhi ip. 

Delhi p.v. 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi p.y. 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi p.v. 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi p.T. 

Delhi  Mills p.h. 

Dellona p.tp. 

Dell  Prairie tp. 

Dell  Rapide p.v. 

Dell  Hoy p.v. 

Delmari p.h. 

Delmar. p.v. 

Delmar. p.tp. 

Delmore p.tp. 

Del  Xorte p.v. 

Deloit -..p.v. 

Delphi p.v. 

Delphi p.v. 

Delphoa p.v. 

Delphos p.v. 

Delran....„ tp. 

Del  Bio p.h. 

Delta p.v. 

Delta p.v. 

Delta p.tp. 

Delta p.v. 

Delta p.v. 

Delta p.v. 

Delton p.tp. 

DeltoD tp. 

Delton p.v. 

Dement tp. 

Deming p.v. 

Democrat tp. 

Demopolis p.v. 

De  Mossville p.v. 

Dempseytown p.v, 

Denison tp. 

DeDison tp. 

Denison p.v. 

Denison p.v. 

Denmark tp. 

Denmark p.v. 

Denmark p.tp. 

Denmark p.tp. 

Denmark tp. 

Denmark v. 

Denmark p.tp. 

Denmark p.tp, 

Denmark h. 

Denning.« p.tp. 

Dennis  „ p.tp. 

Dennis tp. 

Dennison p.v. 

Dennison p.v. 

Dennison tp. 

Dennysville p.tp. 

Dent tp. 

Dent tp. 

Denton p.v. 

Denton tp. 

Denton- p.v. 

Denton.. p.v. 

Denver c. 

Denver- p.v. 

Denver tp. 


Leavenworth 

Leavenworth 

Wyandotte 

Daviess 

Sanilac 

Grant 

Shannon 

Camden 

Hunterdon 

Sullivan 

Defiance 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Hancock 

Juniata 

Mercer 

Northumberland, 

Pike 

New  Castle 

Monroe 

Delaware 

Delaware.- 

Osborne 

Bicbland 

Ingham 

Redwood 

Delaware 

Delaware.- < 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Washtenaw- 

Sauk 

Adams 

Minnehaha 

Carroll 

Sussex 

Clinton 

Tioga , 

McPherson 

Bio  Grande 

Crawford 

Carroll 

Onondaga 

Ottawa 

Van  Wert. 

Burlington 

Kinney 

Keokuk 

Madison 

Eaton 

Oneida 

Fulton 

York 

Cottonwood- 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Ogle ^ 

Hamilton- 

Carroll 

Marengo 

Pendleton 

Venango 

Lawrence 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Grayaon 

Lee 

Lee 

Oxford 

Tuscola 

Washington- 

Morris 

Lewis 

Ashtabula 

Morrow 

Ulster 

Barnstable 

Cape  May 

Clark 

Tuscarawas 

Luzerne 

Washington 

San  Joaquin 

Iron 

Caroline 

Boscommon 

Wayne 

Denton 

Arapahoe........... 

Hancock 

Bichland.- 


State. 


Population. 


1870,      1880. 


Kan .... 
Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  J-... 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Del 

Pa. 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Kan.-.. 

La. 

Mich... 
Minn.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Mich... 

Wis 

Wis...., 
Dak.... 
Ohio-. 
Del .... 
Iowa... 

Pa. , 

Kan.-. 

Col 

Iowa.. 
Ind...., 
N.  Y..., 
Kan.... 
Ohio..., 
N.J-.. 
Tex  .-. 
Iowa. . 

La 

Mich.. 
N.Y... 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Minn. 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ala.... 

Ky 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Tex.... 
Iowa. . 
Iowa. . 
Mo..... 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
N.  J-.. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
N.  Y-. 
Mass.. 
N.  J-.. 

Ill 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Me 

Cal 

Mo 

Md 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Tex  -.. 

Col 

Ill 

Ill 


1,641 
""92*6 


741 


198 
1,625 
2,959 
1,998 
1,160 
6,861 
5,641 
1,280 
1,079 
1,703 
1,879 

768 
1,059 


1,174 


1,259 


2,920 
1,223 
2,620 


536 
534 


1,885 


1,614 
T,667 


1,164 
270 
763 


956 
LI26 


1,122 
1,539 


1,668 
633 
326 


1,011 


1,069 
816 
824 


2,109 
644 


1,044 
3,269 
1,640 


828 
972 
488 
1,115 
417 
431 


361 
4,749 


952 


2,620 

126 

1,167 

83 

2,131 

112 

230 

1,481 

3,092 

1,830 

1,506 

8,091 

6,894 

1,455 

1,171 

1,616 

2,037 

804 

1,085 

201 

1,274 

524 

633 

315 

1,538 

156 

2,941 

1,384 

4,738 

238 

86 

680 

600 

260 

664 

265 

410 

2,524 

596 

729 

157 

2,040 

230 

256 

3,814 

1,760 

60 

416 

399 

1,608 

186 

869 

269 

223 

857 

192 

1,008 

143 

1,368 

1,389 

141 

141 

1,844 

2,023 

1,441 

3,976 

937 

244 

904 

1,642 

711 

184 

2,204 

697 

53 

1,036 

3,288 

1,812 

136 

1,618 

976 

522 

1,247 

475 

469 

210 

137 

1,194 

35,629 

126 

956 


Place. 


Denver p.v. 

Denver tp. 

Denver- p.tp. 

Denver tp. 

Denver „...p.v. 

Denver p.v. 

Denverton tp. 

Denverton p.h. 

Denville p.v. 

Depauville p.v. 

Depere* tp. 

Depere -p.v. 

De  Peyster p.tp. 

Deposit p.v. 

Deposit. tp. 

Deptford  « tp. 

De  Pue p.v. 

Deputy p.v. 

Derby tp. 

Derby p.v. 

Derby p.v. 

Derby p.tp. 

Deriuda p.tp. 

Deny tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry p.v. 

Derry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry  Depot. p.v. 

Derrynane tp. 

Derry  Station p.v. 

De  Buyter tp. 

De  Buyter p.v. 

Des  Arc p.v. 

Dee  Arc p.h. 

Desdemoua. p.v. 

Deseret p.v. 

Desbler p.v. 

DeslogeLead  Mines. v. 

De  Smet. p.v. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines. tp. 

Des  Moines. tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines c. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines* tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moinee  Biver..tp. 

De  Soto V. 

De  Soto tp. 

De  Soto p.v. 

De  Soto p.v. 

De  Soto p.v. 

De  Soto p.v. 

De  Sotoville p.h. 

Des  Plaines p.v. 

Detour tp. 

Detroit tp. 

Detroit p.v. 

Detroit- tp. 

Detroit p.v. 

Detroit c. 

Detroit tp. 

Detroit p.v. 

Deutzville v. 

Devall's  Bluff. p.v. 

De  View p.h, 

Dewald.... tp. 

Dewart p.v. 

Dewey.- p.h. 

Dewey tp. 

De  Witt p.v. 

DeWitt tp. 

De  Witt p.v. 

DeWitt tp. 

DeWitt p.v, 

DeWitt tp. 

DeWitt p.v. 

DeWitt p.v. 

DeWitt p.v. 

De  Witt p.tp. 

De  Wittvllle p.v. 

Dexter p.b. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter ......p.v. 


Connty. 


Miami 

Isabella 

Newaygo 

Bock 

Worth 

Lincoln  

Solano 

Solano 

Morris 

Jefferson 

Brown 

Brown 

St.  Lawrence 

Broome- 

Delaware 

Gloucester 

Bureau 

Jefferson 

New  Haven 

Perry 

Lucas 

Orleans- 

Jo  Daviess 

Pike 

Bockingham 

Bockingham 

Dauphin 

Mifflin 

Montour 

Westmoreland.... 

Bockingham 

Le  Sueur 

Westmoreland- .. 

Madison 

Madison 

Prairie 

Iron 

Eastland 

Millard 

Henry 

St.  FranQois 

Kingsbury 

Boone 

Dallas 

Jasper 

Jefferson  

Lee 

Mahaska 

Pocahontas -. 

Polk 

Van  Buren 

Jackson 

Clarke 

Murray 

Floyd 

Jackson 

Dallas , 

Johnson 

Jefferson 

Vernon 

Choctaw 

Cook 

Chippewa- 

Pike 

Pike , 

Somerset , 

Somerset , 

Wayne 

Becker 

Becker 

Mercer 

Prairie 

Woodruff........... 

Nobles 

Northumberland 

Champaign 

La  Porte 

Arkansas— 

DeWitt 

DeWitt 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton , 

Clinton- , 

Carroll 

Saline 

Onondaga , 

Chautauqua. 

Dallas 

Cowley- 

Cowley- 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ind.... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn, 

Mo 

N.C.- 

Cal 

Cal 

N.J... 
N.  Y-. 
Wis.- 
Wis..., 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y„, 
N.  Y„, 
N.J-. 

Ill , 

Ind.... 
Conn. 
Ind..., 
Iowa. 

Vt 

HI 

Ill 

N.  H- 
N.H- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Pa 

N.H- 

Minn ... 

Pa-.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y, 

Ark.. 

Mo... 

Tex.. 

Utah 

Ohio 

Mo 

Dak 

lowa..- 
lowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn.... 

Mo 

Minn ... 

Ga.. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Wis 

Ala 

Ill 

Mich. 

Ill 

IlL.... 

Me.... 

Me.... 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 

Minn.- 

N.  J.-... 

Ark 

Ark 

Minn... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Neb..— 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 


777 


470 


225 
2,800 
1,372 
1,138 
1,286 


4,663 


8,020 


2,039 

804 

1,327 

1,809 


2,877 

1,901 

716 

4,959 


759 


2,009 
606 


802 
2,105 
1,280 
1,104 
1,101 

266 

12,035 

1,078 

548 
1,236 


1,433 


238 

1,056 

160 

690 


79,577 


202 


1,061 


1,437 
1,749 
1,306 


317 


3,105 


2r> 

260 

1,112 

104 

281 

14» 

86» 

31 

384 

216 

817 

1,954 

1,194 

1,419 

1,714 

3,818 

323 

168 

11,66( 

lOS 

174 

1,967 

944 

1,524 

2,140 

280 

2,013 

2,670 

814 

6,909 

444 

899 

755 

1,584 

686 

648 

94 

121 

197 

762 

440 

116 

1,358 

949 

2,169 

1,146 

1,130 

1,724 

327 

22,408 

1,023 

295 

1,062 

163 

50C 

1,388 

347 

219 

1,989 

301 

82 

818 

471 

1,008 

168 

661 

194 

116,340 

240 

664 

101 

186 

31 

210 

241 

34 

238 

169 

1441 

293 

1,323 

1,608 

1,564 

284 

630 

806 

8,976 

198 

704 

989 

146 


1  Including  Delmar,  Md. 
282 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Dexter >.. tp. 

Dexter ...p.r. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter .....p.T. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter........ p.r. 

Dexter p.y. 

Dexter p.v. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter  Oity p.T. 

Dexterville p.h. 

D'Hanis p.T. 

Dial tp. 

Dial  City v. 

Dialton p.h. 

Diamond v. 

Diamond ~,tp. 

Diamond  Bluff tp. 

Diamond  Bluff. p.T. 

Diamond  City p.h. 

Diamond  Creek tp. 

Diamond  Hill p.T. 

Diamond  Hill tp. 

Diamond  Lake tp. 

Diamond  Lake tp. 

Diamond  Spring. ..p.tp, 
Diamond  Valley  ...tp. 

Diana p.tp. 

Dias  Creek p.T, 

Dickerson tp. 

Dickinson p.tp. 

Dickinson tp. 

Dick  Johnson tp. 

Dickson p.b. 

Dighton tp. 

Dillon p.tp, 

Dillon tp. 

Dillsborongh -p.T. 

Dlllsburg p.b. 

Dimmock P-tp. 

Dimock p.tp. 

Dimondale p.T. 

Dingman tp. 

Dingmansburg .t. 

Dinsmore tp. 

Diona p.h. 

Disco „ p.T. 

Dismal p.tp. 

District tp. 

Dividing  Creek p.T. 

Dix tp. 

Dix tp. 

Dixfleld tp. 

Dixfield  „ p.T. 

Dixie p.T. 

Dixie b. 

Dixmont...... -p.tp, 

Dixon  1 _ ....tp. 

Dixon ., c. 

Dixon ., „..h. 

Dixon p.T. 

Dixon tp. 

Dixon p.T. 

Dixon tp. 

Dixon p.b. 

Dixonville h. 

DoanviUe t. 

Dobson p.tp. 

Dodd's _tp. 

Dodge «..tp. 

Dodge tp. 

Dodge p.tp. 

Dodge tp. 

Dodge ., tp. 

Dodge p.T. 

Dodge ~..p.tp. 

Dodge  Centre........ p. V. 

Dodge  City „p.T. 

Dodgerille tp. 

Dodgeville p.T. 

Dodson tp. 

Dodson p.h. 

Dodson  Tille p.T. 

Dog  Bluff. tp. 

Dogtown „ T. 

Dogwood  Neck tp. 

Dolan ....tp. 

Dolby  Springs. p.h. 

Dolington p.T. 

Dolson p.tp. 

Dol ton's  Station.. ..p.T. 
. 


County. 


Penobscot. , 

Penobscot....... 

Washtenaw  -., 
Washtenaw-., 

Mower , 

Mower , 

Stoddard <.. 

Jefferson 

Wood -., 

Noble -., 

Wood 

Medina 

Laurens 

Saratoga 

Clark 

Grundy 

Cherokee 

Pierce „.., 

Pierce 

Meagher 

Chase ..., 

ProTidence...., 

Abbeyille , 

Dickinson 

Lincoln 

Kl  Dorado 

Morris 

Lewis 

Cape  May 

Lewis , 

Franklin 

Cumberland-., 

aay , 

Lackawanna.., 

Bristol 

Tazewell 

Phelpe 

Dearborn 

York 

La  Salle- 

Susquehanna., 

Eaton 

Pike 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Coles 

Macomb 

Sampson 

Berks 

Cumberland.... 

Ford 

Schuyler 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Brooks 

DeSoto- 

Penobscot. 

Lee - 

Lee 

Greene 

Scott 

Sumner- 

Webster 

Preble 

Van  Wert...*.. 

Indiana- 

Athens 

Surry _.... 

Jefferson 

Boone 

Dubuque 

Guthrie 

Union 

Ford 

Walker. 

Trempealeau .. 

Dodge 

Ford 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Highland 

Montgomery  .. 

Highland 

Horry 

Butte 

Horry 

Cass 

Bowlo 

Bucks 

Clark 

Cook 


State. 


Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
Minn.., 

Mo 

N.  T-.., 

Wis. 

Jhlo — 

Wl8....> 

Tex 

S.  C.-... 
N.  Y-.., 
Ohio-.. 

ni- 

Iowa... 
Wis.- ., 
Wis..... 
Mon.... 
Kan  -... 
R.  I-. 
S.  O.- 
Iowa. 
Minn 
Cal... 
Kan- 
N.Y- 
N.J.- 
Mo... 
N.  Y_... 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa 

Mass..., 

Ill 

Mo 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ill- 

Mich.... 

N.  C 

Pa. 

N.  J 

Ill 

N.  Y_... 

Me 

Me 

Ga. 

Miss.... 

Me 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  0 — 

ni 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Tex.-... 

Wis 

Minn ... 

Kan 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

8.  0 

Cal 

8.  0 

Mo 

Tex.-... 

Pa- 

Ill 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,875 


889 

1,161 

120 


2,629 

'""ei 


476 
'469 


1,760 


1,066 
1,778 


1,990 
1,617 
868 
391 
1,817 
1,126 


281 
1,222 
1,124 


519 

160 

1,700 


746 
724 


782 
4,282 
1,049 


1,309 
4,687 
4,055 


330 
1,123 


1,266 
979 

1,297 
979 
293 
229 


3,708 

1,407 

1,710 

47 


789 


673 
1,476 


1,221 


2,663 

1,600 

873 

1,008 

316 

168 

489 

487 

209 

255 

62 

210 

3,416 

365 

95 

424 

490 

534 

136 

64 

994 

106 

2,077 

81 

186 

903 

358 

2,026 

356 

1,646 

2,329 

1,741 

1,075 

838 

1,791 

1,082 

1,747 

4:i2 

455 

1,012 

1,071 

304 

606 

200 

2,257 

80 

100 

1,272 

798 

677 

1,566 

4,168 

913 

236 

114 

72 

1,132 

4,241 

8,668 

62 

228 

351 

515 

1,162 

40 

93 

136 

1,747 

1,008 

1,374 

1,144 

460 

497 

1,864 

137 

669 

726 

996 

3,640 

1,647 

1,871 

76 

148 

830 

152 

696 

1,831 

72 

109 

1,824 

448 


PUce. 


..p.h. 

..p.T. 
...p.T. 
...p.tp. 


Donahue - h. 

Donaldson p.b. 

Donaldson p.T. 

Donaldsonyille t. 

Donaldson  ville p.T. 

Donally's  Mills p.h. 

Donegal tp. 

Donegal ....tp. 

Donegal tp. 

Donegal p.T. 

Douelton -p.h. 

Doneraile t. 

Dongola p.T. 

Doniphan p.T. 

Doniphan tp. 

Doniphan p.T. 

Doniphan p.h. 

DonnaldsTlUe p.tp. 

Donnellson -p.h. 

Donnelly ^. 

DonnelsTille p.T. 

Donovan -p.T. 

Doon - p.tp. 

Dora tp. 

Dora p.T 

Dora .p.tp. 

Dora  ville p.T. 

Dorchester _.tp. 

Dorchester.. 

Dorchester... 

Dorchester-. 

Dorchester... 

Dorchester- t. 

Dorchester- tp. 

Dorchester p.T. 

Dorr -tp. 

Dorr tp. 

Dorr p.T. 

Dorrance p.tp. 

Dorset p.tp, 

Dorset tp. 

Dorset p.T. 

Dorsey's  Station.... h. 

Dorseyville p.h. 

Dos  Cabezos t. 

Dosoris T. 

Dotys  ville t. 

Double  Shoal  - tp. 

Double  Shoal p.T. 

Dougherty tp. 

Doughty's  Falls....T. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas ^. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas .._ «».tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas p.T, 

Douglas'. tp. 

Donglas ..........p.tp. 

Douglas p.T. 

Donglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas p.tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas h. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas  City tp. 

Douglas  Flat -p.T. 

DouglasTille ....p.T. 

Douglasville p.T. 

Doutyville .......h. 

Dover »..p.T. 

Dover c. 


County. 


Sonoma- 

Marshall 

SchnylkiU 

Clay..«._ 

Ascension 

Perry 

Butler 

Washington 

Westmoreland... 
Westmoreland... 

Hunt 

Darlington 

Union 

Doniphan  - 

Eipley  

Kipley 

Hall 

AbbeTille. 

Lee 

Stevens 

Clark 

Iroquois. , 

Lyon- 

Moultrie 

Wabash -...., 

Otter  Tail 

De  Kalb 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Allamakee 

Saline 

Grafton 

Cumberland. 

Colleton 

Clark 

McHenry 

Allegan , 

Allegan 

Luzerne 

Ashtabula , 

Bennington 

Bennington....... 

Howard. 

Alleghany , 

Pima- 

Queens 

Greene , 

Cleveland- 

CleTeland- , 

Cerro  Gordo- 

York - 

San  Joaquin 

Clark 

EfBngham 

Iroquois 

Adams 

Appanoose. 

Audubon 

Boone 

Bremer 

Clay 

Harrison 

Ida 

Madison  ........... 

MitcbeU 

Montgomery 

Page; 

Polk ., 

Sac 

Shelby 

Union 

Webster- 

Butler 

Butler 

Jackson 

Worcester-.....,.. 

Allegan 

Montcalm. 

Dakota.- 

Berks 

Montgomery 

Clarendon 

Anderson 

Marquette. 

Trinity.- 

CalaTeras 

Douglas 

Cass 

Northumberland. 

Pope 

Kent 


SUt«. 


Cal 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ind 

La. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex.—. 

8.  C 

Ill 

Kan-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

S.  C 

Iowa... 
Minn .. 
Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn .. 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Neb.. 
N.  H 
N.J. 
8.  C.i 
Wis.. 
III.... 

Mich.... 

Mich. 
Pa...... 

Ohlo- 

Vt 

Vt_.... 
Md .... 

Pa. 

Arizona 
N.  Y-... 

Pa. 

N.  C-... 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Kan-.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn .., 

Pa- 

Pa 

8.  0 

Tex.-... 
Wis.-... 

Cal 

Cal . — 

Ga 

Tex-.... 

Pa- 

Ark 

Del 


Population. 


1870       1880. 


1,573 


852 
2,068 
1,112 

192 


146 


1,165 


924 


2,681 
1,518 


646 

372 

2,196 


1,410 


1,761 

666 

3,222 

2,399 

333 

590 


879 
687 
320 
186 
61 
938 
282 
467 
603 
618 
368 


824 
613 


1,760 
2,182 


216 

707 

1,072 

1,604 

310 


616 
783 


1,906 


VI 

65 

979 

378 

2,600 

96 

2,166 

1,376 

1,242 

183 

46 

107 

699 

618 

791 

167 

86 

1,677 

82 

211 

194 

176 

167 

1,339 

91 

136 

103 

1,198 

68 

101 

309 

585 

329 

2,668 

244 

2,662 

1,723 

160 

639 

613 

2,005 

147 

36 

36 

126 

160 

166 

1,899 

166 

454 

763 

1,846 

614 

4,007 

2,264 

1,132 

716 

314 

781 

871 

606 

626 

176 

1937 

716 

849 

906 

1,038 

443 

677 

6.920 

616 

1,134 

369 

1,051 

2,241 

622 

1,000 

861 

1,151 

1,676 

691 

119 

667 

624 

166 

286 

230 

194 

368 

2,811 


I  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  redaoed. 


283 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Dover tp. 

Dover p.  v. 

Dover h. 

Dover » v. 

Dover tp. 

Dover ....tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover p.  v. 

Dover tp. 

Dover p.  v. 

Dover p.tp. 

Dover ...tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover ....tp, 

Dover ....tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover ....p.v. 

Dover tp. 

Dover c. 

Dover p.v. 

Dover  i~ ~..tp. 

Dover .».tp. 

Dover p.v. 

Dover tp. 

Dover p.tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover p.b. 

Dover p.v. 

Dover p.tp. 

Dover ....tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover  Centre.. p.v. 

Dover  Hill p.v. 

Dovray.. tp. 

Dovre tp. 

Dowagiac p.v. 

Dowelltown p.v. 

Downed _.tp. 

Dowuer'8  Grove tp. 

Downer's  Grove p.v. 

Downejr p.v. 

Downey p.v. 

Downieville p.v. 

Downing p.v. 

Downingtown p.b. 

Downs - p.tp. 

Downs p.v. 

Downs tp. 

Downs  Chapel p.h. 

Dowiisville„ p.v. 

Dowville— p.v. 

Doyal tp. 

Doyle ....tp. 

Doyle tp. 

Doylesburg p.h. 

Doylesport. ...tp. 

Doylestown ....p.v. 

Doylestown p.b. 

Doylestown tp. 

Doylestown p.v. 

Dracut* p.tp. 

Dragoon tp. 

Drain ....p.v. 

Drake tp. 

Drake's  Branch p.h. 

Drakesville p.v. 

Drakeville ....tp. 

Drakeville p.v. 

Orammen tp. 

Drammen tp. 

Dravosburg..  ....„..p.v. 

Drayton ....p.h. 

Draytonsville tp. 

Dreber tp. 

Dresbach tp. 

Dreebach p.v. 

Dresden tp. 

Dresden v. 

Dresden P-tp. 

Dresden tp. 

Dresden p.v. 

Dresden tp. 

Dresden ....p.v. 

Dresden p.v. 

Dresden........ p.v. 

Dresden p  v. 

Dresserville ^  r.v. 


County. 


Bureau , 

Bureau... 

Boone , 

Dearborn 

Fayette , 

Pucabotttas... 

Shawnee 

Mason 

Piscataquis..., 
Piscataquis... 

Norfolk 

Lake 

Lenawee 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Lafayette , 

Lafayette 

Vernon , 

Strafford 

Morris ...., 

Ocean , 

Dutcliess 

Dutchess , 

Athens 

Cuyahoga , 

Fulton , 

Tuscarawas... 

Union 

York 

York «,. 

Stewart 

Windham. 

Buffalo 

Bacine 

Olmsted 

Martin 

Murray , 

Kandiyohi...., 

Cass , 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland.. 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Los  Angeles... 

Cedar 

Sierra. 

Schuyler 

Chester. 

McLean 

Osborne 

Sumner- 

Kent 

Dunn« 

Crawford 

St.  Clair 

Clarke 

Marion 

Franklin 

Barton 

Wayne 

Bucks. 

Bucks 

Columbia 

Middlesex.... 

Osage 

Douglas.. 

Macon ..;... 

Charlotte 

Morris 

DaviB...„ 

Davis 

Lincoln 

£au  Claire.... 

Alleghany 

Pembina 

Union 

Wayne 

Winona 

Winona.. 

Chickasaw.... 
Poweshiek ... 

Lincoln- 

Pettis 

Pettis- 

Washington- 
Yates  

Muskingum- 
Weakley 

Navarro 

Cayuga. 


State. 


Ill 

ni 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.  J..... 

N.Y 

N.  Y-... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Vt 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Minn... 

Ind 

Minn... 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 
Tena ... 
N.J..... 

Ill 

lU 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Mo 

Pa. 

lU 

Kan 

Kan-... 

Del 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Pa 

Mo.„... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Wis 

Mass.... 

Kan 

Oregon. 

Mo 

Va 

N.J. 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Pa 

Dak 

S.  C 

Pa. 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Tenn.... 

Tex 

N.  Y 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,402 
304 


1,160 

"eii 

532 
1,983 


645 

"1,494 

""882 

2,251 

320 


9,294 


3,044 
2,279 


1,697 

1,445 
930 

3,615 
929 

2,281 
418 
270 
635 


927 


1,932 


3,385 
2,518 


704 


1,077 
1496 


965 
124 


385 

651 

1,601 

1,954 


2,078 


534 
207 


1,864 

""iii 
'"535 
'"mo 


348 
684 


1,156 
355 


1,341 

239 

39 

119 

1,339 

269 

833 

446 

1,687 

602 

663 

214 

1,465 

120 

1,005 

2,652 

321 

701 

11,687 

2,938 

2,439 

2,281 

721 

1,736 

1,784 

1,058 

4,107 

1,006 

2,378 

415 

317 

621 

722 

1,047 

231 

146 

153 

653 

2,100 

210 

1,687 

3,294 

586 

237 

104 

650 

162 

1,480 

1,366 

465 

232 

46 

196 

291 

838 

1,064 

1,489 

48 

832 

1,040 

2,070 

1,845 

119 

1,595 

800 

188 

426 

87 

201 

685 

300 

142 

401 

850 

62 

2,187 

996 

326 

185 

711 

131 

1,032 

1,101 

291 

730 

366 

1,204 

314 

122 

103 


Place. 


Drew pint. 

Drew's v. 

Drewsville p.h. 

Drifton v. 

Driftwood ...tp. 

Driftwood p.v. 

Druidville v. 

Drum  Creek tp. 

Drummer tp. 

Dmmore  - tp. 

Drum's p.v. 

Drury p.tp 

Dry  Branch p.h. 

Dry  Creek ™.tp. 

Dry  Creek „tp. 

Dry  Creek tp. 

Dryden - tp. 

Dryden- ~..p.v. 

Dryden p.tp. 

Dryden- tp. 

Dryden- p.v. 

Dry  Grove ^. 

Dry  Point ^. 

Dry  Ran.- p.y. 

Dry  Town ~.p.T. 

Dry  wood-. tp. 

Dry  wood— p.tp, 

Duane.- p.tp. 

Duanesborg «..tp. 

Duanesburg .....p.h. 

Dublin .......p.v. 

Dublin - p.v. 

Dublin .......p.v. 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin* tp. 

Dublin- h. 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin. V. 

Dublin ....p.v. 

Dublin- tp. 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin  - p.v. 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin  Mills p.h. 

Dubois -p.v. 

Dubois p.v. 

Duboistown- p.b. 

Dubuque _c. 

Dubuque tp. 

Duchouquet tp. 

Duck  Creek hnd. 

Duck  Creek tp. 

Duck  Creek tp. 

Duck  Creek tp. 

Duck  Hill p.v, 

Dudley p.v, 

Dudley tp. 

Dudley- p.v, 

Dudley- tp. 

Dudley p.v. 

Dudley b. 

Dudley tp. 

Dudley  town p.h, 

Dueast's tp. 

Due  West tp. 

Due  West p.v, 

Duffau p.v, 

Dugway p.h, 

Duke  Centre p.v, 

Duluth p.v. 

Dnluth c. 

Duluth tp. 

Dumfries p.v. 

Dummer tp. 

Dummerston tp. 

Dumontville p.h. 

Dunbar tp. 

Dunbar. p.tp. 

Dunbarton tp. 

Dunbarton p.h. 

Duncan tp. 

Duncan  6 -tp. 

Duncan tp. 

Duncan tp. 

Duncannon p.b. 

Duncan's  Creek tp. 

Duncan's  Creek p.tp. 

Duncan's  Falls p.v. 

DundafL p.v. 


County. 


Penobscot 

Shelby 

Cheshire 

Luzerne 

Jackson 

Cameron 

Baltimore- 

Montgomery.... 

Ford 

Lancaster- 

Luzerne 

Rock  Island-... 

Franklin 

Sacramento.-... 

Howell 

Maries 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Sibley 

Tompkins- 

Tompkins ., 

McLean 

Shelby ..., 

Franklin 

Amador 

Bourbon 

Vernon.-.. 

Franklin 

Schenectady-... 
Schenectady-... 

Laurens- 

Wayne 

Harford- 

Swift..- 

Cheshire 

Seneca 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Fulton 

Huntingdon-... 

Erath 

Pulaski- 

Fulton 

Washington-... 

Clearfield.- 

Lycoming- 

Dubuque 

Dubuque 

Auglaize 

Kent 

Madison 

Wilson 

Stoddard 

Montgomery.... 

Edgar 

Henry 

Wapello 

Worcester- 

Worcester- 

Huntingdon-.... 

Hardin 

Jackson 

Cabarrus ...., 

Abbeville 

Abbeville.- 

Erath 

Oswego— 

McKean 

Gwinnett— 

St  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Prince  William 

Coos 

Windham- 

Fairfield 

Faribault 

Fayette 

Merrimac 

Merrimac 

Mercer 

Cheboygan 

Sullivan 

Tioga , 

Perry 

Cleveland 

Rutherford 

Muskingum , 

Susquehanna..., 


State. 


Me 

Ky 

N.  H.. 

Pa 

Ind.... 

Pa 

Md .... 
Kan„. 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Mo. 

Cal .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 
N.Y... 
N.  Y-., 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa. 

Cal..,. 
Kan.,,. 
Mo.,,.. 
N.Y.... 
N,Y-. 
N.  Y„. 

Ga 

Ind.,,, 
Md  „.. 
Minn, 
N.  H... 
N.  Y„„ 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

Va 

Pa 

lU 

Pa 

Pa. 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Ohio... 

Del 

Ind.... 
Kan... 
Mo  .... 
Miss.... 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Mass.. 
Mass.. 

Pa 

Ohio.... 
Ind.... 
N.  C... 
8.  C... 
S.C... 
Tex..., 
N.  Y... 
Pa-,.,. 

Ga. 

Minn , 
Minn. 

Va 

N.  H.., 

Vt 

Ohio.... 
Minn . 
Pa..,:.,. 
N.  H,.. 
N.  H,., 

Ill 

Mich... 

Mo 

Pa , 

Pa. 

N,C..., 
N.  C..., 
Ohio.,,, 
Pa 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


85 


922 


668 
3,061 


1,331 


603 

177 

422 

1,696 


443 
4,818 

672 
1,267 
1,671 


1499 
476 
234 

3,042 


1,076 
123 


930 
1,699 


879 
984 


18,434 

**3,"959 

4,279 

789 


781 


1,339 
'2,388 


1,008 


1,016 

1,030 

400 


3,131 


167 
317 
916 
10 
203 
2,972 
778 


974 

831 

1,064 


960 
1,242 
999 
194 
1871 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 
*  Since  1870,  area  mucli  reduced. 

284 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870, area  reduced. 


6  Since  1870, area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Dnndas p.h. 

Daudas p.r. 

Dundas p.h. 

Dundee ...„tp. 

Dundee p.  v. 

Dundee „tp. 

Dundee p.r. 

Dundee p.T. 

Dundee p.T. 

Dunellen p.y. 

Dungatinon p.r. 

Dunliaiu tp. 

Dunham p.tp, 

Dunkard p.tp. 

DunkinsTille p.h. 

Dunkirk p.v. 

Dunkirk c. 

Dunkirk p.r. 

Dunkirk  1 tp. 

Dunklin tp. 

Dnnkaburg h. 

Donlap p.v. 

Dunlap p.T. 

Dunlap p.v. 

Dunlap p.v. 

DonlapsTille p.v. 

Donleith tp. 

Danmore p.b. 

Dann .....tp. 

Dunu .....tp. 

Dunn tp. 

Dunnigan p.T. 

Dunn's tp. 

Dunnstown t. 

Dunnsville p.h. 

DunnTille p.h. 

Dunreith p.v. 

Dunstable p.tp, 

Dunstable tp. 

Du  Page p.tp. 

Du  Plain p.tp, 

Duplin  Boads v. 

Dupont p.v. 

Dupont p.v. 

Dupont ......p.T. 

Dupont p.tp. 

Dupont's  Banks. ...V. 

Duquoia p.v. 

Durand tp. 

Durand p.v. 

Durand p.v. 

Durand tp. 

Durand p.v. 

Durant p.v. 

Durant p.v. 

Durbannah v. 

Durham p.h. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham » p.tp. 

Durham p.h. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham tp. 

Durham p.v. 

Durham p.tp. 

DurhamTille p.v. 

Dushore p.b. 

Dushville v. 

Dutch  Buffalo tp. 

Dutch  Creek p.tp. 

Dutchbury v. 

Dutch  Flat p.v. 

Dutch  Mills p.h. 

Dutchtown T. 

Dutch  ville p.tp. 

Duval tp, 

Duxbury p.tp. 

Duxbury tp. 

Dwight tp. 

Dwight p.T. 

Dwight tp. 

Dyberry p.tp, 

Dycusburg p.T. 

Dyer  Brook p.tp. 

Dyersburg p.T. 

Dyer's  Station p.v. 

Dyersville p.v, 

Dymond  City p.h. 

Dysart p.v. 

Dysortville p.tp. 


County. 


Bichland 

Bice 

Vinton 

Kane... 

Kane 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Yates 

Tuscarawas...., 

Middlesex 

Columbiana..., 

McHenry , 

Washington... 

Greene 

Adams 

Jay 

Chautauqua.... 

Hardin 

Dane 

Greenville 

Pettis 

Peoria 

Harrison 

Morris 

Seqnatchie 

Union 

Jo  Daviess 

Lackawanna... 

Otter  Tail 

Dane 

Dunn 

Yolo 

Franklin 

Clinton 

Albany 

Casey 

Henry 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Will 

Clinton „ 

Duplin 

Clinch 

Jefferson 

Putnam 

Waupaca 

New  Castle 

Perry 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Shiawassee 

Pepin 

Pepin 

Cedar 

Holmes 

Monongalia 

Butte 

Middlesex 

Hancock 

Androscoggin . 

Lewis 

Strafford 

Greene 

Orange 

Orange 

Bucks 

Lauderdale..... 

Sullivan 

Isabella 

Cabarrus 

Washington.... 

Monroe 

Placer 

Washington.... 

Alleghany 

Granville 

Jasper 

Plymouth 

Washington.... 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Huron 

Wayne 

Crittenden 

Aroostook 

Dyer 

Gibson ^,,. 

Dubuque 

Martin 

Tama 

McDowell 


Stote. 


111.. 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich..., 
Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  J  >... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ohio™... 

Wis 

S.C 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Tenn  ... 

Ind 

Ill 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

K.  C 

Pa 

N.  Y..... 

Ky 

Ind 

Mass.... 
Pa........ 

Ill 

Mich.... 

X.  C 

Ga 

Ind 

Ohio 

Wis 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Miss 

W.Va... 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ill_ 

Me 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Pa 

Mich.... 
N.  0»... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Cal 

Ark 

Pa. 

N.  0 

Mo 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ky 

Me 

Tenn ... 
Tenn  ... 
Iowa. ... 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 
N.  0 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,079 


2,384 


730 
106 


129 

999 

755 

1,520 


2,179 
1,457 


1,352 
4,311 


1,172 
990 


838 


471 

515 

1,118 

1,493 


150 


2,212 
1,578 


917 


373 
375 


1,086 
1,019 
1,350 


1,298 
2,257 
2,323 


1,209 
160 
376 


913 
1,228 


1,752 


2,341 
893 

1,804 

1,044 
336 

1^96 


129 
683 


68 

689 

64 

2,799 

1,434 

3,242 

932 

1.026 

147 

817 

120 

966 

900 

1,494 

67 

662 

7,248 

1,311 

1,283 

2,007 

46 

146 

1,246 

247 

133 

118 

1,276 

6,151 

137 

1,140 

1,115 

121 

1,309 

214 

46 

70 

149 

453 

576 

1,101 

1,862 

144 

165 

192 

165 

654 

1,291 

2,807 

1,284 

530 

210 

879 

642 

475 

724 

127 

53 

990 

1,073 

1,263 

68 

962 

2,173 

6,507 

2,041 

1,420 

135 

377 

103 

997 

1,032 

200 

939 

83 

188 

2,300 

946 

2,196 

884 

2,170 

1,295 

933 

1,020 

194 

172 

1,010 

401 

975 

84 

516 

1,215 


Place. 


Gagan tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle ....tp. 

Eagle h. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagln p.T. 

Eaglu tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle p.T. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle p.T. 

Eagle  Bridge p.v. 

Eagle  Creek tp. 

Eagle  Creek..- tp. 

Eagle  GroTe p.tp. 

Eagle  Harbor. p.tp. 

Eagle  Hill t. 

Eagle  Lake tp. 

Eagle  Lake p.T. 

Eagle  Mills p.tp. 

Eagle  Pass p.T. 

Eagle  Point p.tp. 

Eagle  Point tp. 

Eagleport p.h. 

Eagle  Rock t. 

Eagletown p.T. 

Eagle  Valley tp. 

Eagleville p.v. 

Eagleville y. 

Eagleville p.r. 

Eagleville h. 

Eagleville b. 

Eagleville p.v. 

Eaglewood tp. 

Earl p.tp. 

Earl tp. 

Earl tp. 

Earleton p.h. 

Earlham p.T. 

Earlington p.r. 

Earlville v. 

Earlville p.v. 

Earlville ., „.p.v. 

Early  Branch p.v. 

Earpsborough p.h. 

Easley tp. 

Easley tp. 

Easley p.v. 

Easonville p.h. 

East tp. 

East tp. 

East  Albany p.h. 

East  Allen tp. 

East  Allentown v. 

East  Alliance v. 

Eastaloe P-tp. 

East  Amwell tp. 

East  AndoTer p.y. 

Eastatoe p.tp. 

East  Aurora p.T. 

East  Bangor p.T. 

East  Barnard p.h. 

East  Battle  Lake...tp. 

East  Bay p.tp. 

East  Bear  BiTer tp. 

East  Bend tp. 

East  Bend p.tp. 

East  Berkshire p.T. 

East  Berlin p.T. 

East  Berne „.p.T. 

East  Bethany p.h. 

East  Bethel p.T. 

East  Bethlehem p.tp. 

East  Bluomfleld tp. 

East  Bloomfleld p.T. 

East  Bluomfleld  Sta.p.T. 

East  Boothbay p.T. 

East  Boxford t. 

East  Boyer tp. 

East  Bradford tp. 

East  Brady p.b. 

East  Brandywine...tp. 
East  Bridgewater'.tp. 
East  Bridge  water  ..p.v. 
East  Brook .p.tp. 


County. 


Dakota. 

La  Salle 

Boone 

Boone 

Black  Hawk 

Sedgwick 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Macon 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Brown , 

Hancock 

Vinton 

Bichland 

Waukesha. 

Waukesha. , 

Bensselaer 

Lake... 

Scott... , 

Wright , 

Keweenaw , 

Schuylkill , 

Otter  Tail , 

Colorado 

Iredell 

Maverick 

Ogle 

Chippewa. , 

Morgan , 

Boulder 

Hamilton , 

Todd 

Tolland , 

Worcester- , 

Harrison 

Wood 

Centre 

Butherford , 

Ocean 

La  Salle 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Neosho 

Madison 

Hopkins 

La  Salle 

Delaware 

Madison 

Hampton 

Johnson 

Macon 

Pickens 

Pickens 

St.  Clair 

New  Madrid 

Carroll 

Orleans 

Northampton 

Lehigh 

Mahoning. 

Pickens. 

Hunterdon 

Merrimac 

Transylvania 

Erie 

Northampton 

Windsor 

Otter  Tail 

Grand  Traverse., 

Yuba 

Champaig^n 

Yadkin 

Franklin 

Adams 

Albany : 

Genesee 

Windsor 

Washington- 

Ontario 

Ontario - 

Ontario 

Lincoln 

Essex 

Crawford 

Chester 

Clarion -.... 

Chester 

Plymouth 

Plymouth™ 

Hancock 


State. 


Minn ... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis.-... 
Wis.-... 

Wis 

N.Y 

Ind 

Minn.... 
Iowa. ... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Tex 

N.  C 

Tex 

Ill 

Wis 

Ohio 

Col 

Ind 

Minn... 
Conn ... 
Mass.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

N.  J 

Ill 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

N.  Y 

S.  C 

N.  0 

Mo 

S.  C 

8.  C 

Ala 

Mo 

Ohio 

Vt 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ohio 

S.  C 

N.  J 

N.  H 

N.  0 

N.Y-... 

Pa. 

Vt 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

Cal 

Ill 


Popniatioa. 


1870.      1880, 


N.  C-... 

Vt 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Vt 

Pa, 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Me 

Mass.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mass  ... 
Mass.... 
Me 


670| 

870 

2,327 


507 


1,008 


1,040 
110 
1,166 
1,330 
681 
1,083 
1,266 


737 
800 
196 
778 


80 


1,090 

1,240 

777 

1,667 

79 


2,129 
1,022 
2,975 


222 


399 


3,164 


827 


1,180 


288 
1,099 
1,802 


350 


466 

603 

643 

1,363 


1,621 

2,260 

320 


281 
1,033 

728 
1,011 
3,017 


187 


646 

1,205 

2,204 

92 

748 

540 

1,340 

120 

829 

1,203 

183 

1,249 

1,284 

1,044 

1,303 

1,165 

292 

96 

721 

769 

303 

627 

116 

467 

406 

1,161 

1,627 

687 

2,564 

35 

130 

216 

156 

230 

264 

463 

96 

663 

134 

592 

2,034 

1,141 

8,541 

43 

260 

907 

963 

460 

293 

256 

44 

743 

3,030 

327 

73 

201 

868 

36 

1,196 

616 

334 

1,167 

1,696 

180 

663 

1,109 

336 

55 

209 

654 

976 

949 

1,630 

223 

610 

490 

92 

107 

1,966 

2,627 

474 

198 

1,461 

608 

629 

1,064 

1,243 

1,011 

2,710 

1,294 

289 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  «rea  reduced. 


386 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870   AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUce. 


East  Brook p.T. 

Kast  Brunswick tp. 

East  Brunswick tp. 

East  Buffalo tp. 

East  Cairo h. 

East  Cain tp. 

East  Cambridge p.y. 

East  Canton p.b. 

East  Carondelet p.T, 

East  Oassadaga p.T, 

East  Cascade v. 

East  Chain tp. 

East  Chatham p.T. 

East  Chester p.tp. 

East  China tp. 

East  Cleveland tp. 

East  Cleveland p.T. 

East  Cocalico tp. 

East  Concord p.T. 

East  ConnersTille  ..t. 
East  Conemaugh...b 

East  Corinth p.T. 

East  Coventry p.tp. 

East  Dajr_ t. 

East  Deer tp. 

East  Dennis p.T. 

East  Derry p.T. 

East  Donegal tp. 

East  Dorset p.T. 

East  Dover bnd. 

East  Dover p.T. 

East  Dubuque p.T. 

Kast  Earl tp. 

East  Elkport p.b. 

East  Elma p.b. 

East  Enterprise p.b. 

Eastern tp. 

East  Exeter p.b. 

Kast  Tairfleld p.T. 

East  Fairfield tp. 

East  Fallowfleld....tp. 
East  Fallowfleld....tp. 

East  Falmouth p.v. 

East  Finley p.tp. 

East  Fisbkill p.tp. 

Eastford p.tp. 

East  Fork tp. 

East  Fork p.tp. 

East  Fork tp. 

East  Franklin tp. 

East  Frankliu t. 

East  Franklin p.b. 

East  Gainesville.  ...p.T. 

East  Galena tp. 

East  Germantown..p.T. 

East  Goshen tp. 

Baat  Grafton v. 

East  Granby p.tp. 

East  Granite  Falls.p.v. 

Bast  Granville p.v. 

East  Greeubiisb.....p.tp. 
EastGieeusborough.p.h 
East  GreeQ8burg...h. 
East  Greeuville......p.b. 

East  Greenwich p.tp. 

East  Grove tp. 

East  Haddam p.tp. 

Eastham p.tp. 

East  Hamburg p.tp. 

Bast  Hammontou..h. 

Bast  Hampton p.v. 

Bast  Hampton p.tp. 

Bast  Hampton tp. 

East  Hampton tp. 

East  Hampton. p.T. 

East  Hannibal h. 

East  Hanover tp. 

East  Hanover p.tp. 

East  Harri8burg....T. 

East  Hartford p.tp. 

East  Hartland. p.b. 

East  Haven.. p.tp. 

East  Haven v. 

East  Haven p.tp, 

East  Hempfleld p.tp, 

Eiist  Henrietta v. 

East  Hickoi-y p.v. 

East  Homer p.h. 

East  Huntingdon.. .tp. 

East  Irving b. 

East  JackBonTiUe...T. 

East  Keating _ tp. 

But  KiUingly p.T. 


286 


County. 


Lawrence 

Middlesex ~... 

Schuylkill 

Union 

Ballard 

Chester 

Middlesex 

Bradford 

St.  Clair 

Chautauqua 

Dubuque 

Martin 

Columbia 

Westchester 

St.  Clair _ 

Cuyahoga ~ 

Cuyahoga « 

Lancaster 

Merrimac... 

Fayette 

Cambria 

Orange 

Chester 

Saratoga 

Alleghany 

Barnstable 

Bockingbam 

Lancaster 

Bennington. 

Kent 

Piscataquis 

Jo  Daviess- 

Lancaster 

Clayton 

Erie „. 

Switzerland.- 

Franklin 

Penobscot 

Columbiana 

-Crawford 

Chester 

Crawford 

Barnstable 

Washington 

Dutchess 

Windham-. 

Clinton 

Montgomery 

Haywood 

Armstrong 

Schuylkill 

Franklin 

Wyoming 

Jo  Daviess 

Wayne , 

Chester- 

Orafton 

Hartford 

Chippewa 

Hampden ^ 

Bensselaer 

Orleans 

Westmoreland-.. 

Montgomery 

Kent 

Lee 

Middlesex 

Barnstable 

Erie 

Atlantic 

Middlesex 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Suffolk..... 

Suffolk 

Pike 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Dauphin 

Hartford 

Hartford. 

New  Haven 

Carbon 

Essex  

Lancaster 

Monroe 

Forest 

Cortland 

Westmoreland™.. 

Benton 

Duval 

Clinton. 

Windham 


State. 


Pa 

N.J 

Pa 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y..... 
Iowa.... 
Minn.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Mich,... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  H..... 

Ind 

Pa 

Vt. 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Mass.... 

N.  H 

Pa 

Vt 

Del 

Me 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa. ... 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ill 

Me 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Pa- 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill- 

N.C.„... 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Vt 

N.  Y..... 

lU 

Ind 

Pa 

N.  H..... 
Conn .... 
Minn ... 
Mass.... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

E.  I-.... 

Ill 

Conn.... 

Mass 

N.  Y 

N.  J 

Conn.... 
Mass.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.Y..... 

Ill 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa. 

N.  Y-... 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Iowa. ... 

Fla 

Pa 

Conn.... 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


2,861 
1,661 
1,011 


232 


7,491 

297 

6,P50 


1,992 


381 

I'sTs 

"l',39'6 


3,264 


2,310 

i'oiii 


741 
1,291 
1,167 


1,186 

2,306 
984 
617 

1,421 
286 

l,4fil 


856 
636 


863 
1,846 


2,660 
765 

2,961 
668 

2,270 


3,620 
2I372 


1,723 
1,737 


3,007 
"2^irT4 


191 
2,602 


2,134 


134 

3^2 

1.644 

1,010 

81 

639 

10,134 

74 

386 

263 

370 

142 

224 

8,737 
337 

3,673 

2,876 

2,226 
284 
193 
756 
139 

1,259 
124 

1,253 
408 
117 

3,126 
216 

6,028 
102 

1,037 

3,028 
74 
78 
66 

1,647 

74 

185 

748 

1,461 

1,306 
200 

1,332 

2,574 
855 
835 

1,798 
399 

1,695 

148 

60 

247 

2,012 
461 
724 
123 
754 
174 
679 

2,127 

42 

53 

331 

2,887 
797 

3,032 
692 

2,409 

16 

737 

4,206 
666 

2,515 
807 
33 

1,637 

1,704 
198 

3,500 
62 

3,057 
147 
225 

3,176 

152 

187 

76 

4,404 
45 

1,144 
246 
762 


Place. 


East  Kingston p.tp. 

East  Kingston t. 

East  Lackawannock.tp. 

East  Lake p.tp. 

East  Lampasas t. 

East  Lampeter tp. 

Eastland p.T. 

East  Leavenwortb.h. 

East  Lehigh t. 

East  Lempster p.b. 

East  Lewi6town....p.h. 

East  Lexington p.T. 

East  Liberty p.T. 

East  Liberty b. 

East  Liberty p.T. 

East  Lincoln tp. 

East  Livermore p.tp. 

East  Liverpool p.T. 

East  Longmeadow.p.T. 

East  Lyme.- p.tp. 

East  Lynn p.T. 

East  Lynne- p.T. 

East  Macbias p.tp. 

East  Mahoning tp. 

Eastman p.tp. 

East  Mauheim t. 

Eustmansville p.T. 

East  Marietta t. 

East  Marion p.T. 

East  Marlborough. tp. 
East  Mauch  Chunk. p.b, 

East  MereJith p.b. 

East  Milan p.T. 

East  Millstone p.T. 

East  Monroe p.T. 

East  Moravia p.b. 

East  Moiitpelier....tp. 
East  Montpelier....p.h. 

East  Moriches p.v. 

East  Muncy T. 

East  Nantmeal p.tp, 

Ea«t  Nassau p.b. 

East  Nelson tp. 

East  New  Brunswick.v, 
East  New  Haven. ..v. 
Kast  NewMarket...p.T. 
East  New  Milford...p.h. 

East  Newport t. 

East  New  Portland.p.h. 

East  Norway- p.h. 

East  Nor\vegian....tp. 
East  Nottlngbam...tp. 

East  Oakland.- tp. 

Easton p.tp. 

Easton p.T, 

Easton- tp. 

Easton.- p.T, 

Easton p.tp. 

Easton.- p.T. 

Easton.- p.tp, 

Easton— tp. 

Easton.- p.b. 

Easton.......... p.T. 

Easton-.. p.tp. 

Easton p.tp, 

Easton p.T. 

Easton h. 

Baston c. 

Easton.- tp. 

Easton p.h. 

Easton tp. 

East  Orange tp. 

East  Orange p.T. 

East  Orange p.tp. 

East  Orange p.b. 

East  Orrington p.T. 

East  Otto p.tp. 

East  Palestine p.T. 

East  Palmer h. 

East  Parker t. 

East  Passaic t. 

East  Pembroke p.h. 

East  Penn tp. 

East  Pennsborougb.tp. 

East  Pbarsalia p.T. 

East  Pike p.T. 

East  Pikeland tp. 

East  Pike  Knn tp. 

East  Plattsmoutb,..p.T. 

East  Point p.T, 

Eastport p.tp, 

Eastport p.T. 

Eastport t. 


County. 


Bockingbam 

Ulster 

Mercer , 

Dare 

Lampasas 

Lancaster 

Eastland 

Platte 

Webster 

SnlliTan 

Mahoning 

Middlesex 

Logan 

Summit. 

Fayette 

Logan 

Androscoggin—... 

Columbiana 

Hampden 

New  London  

Vermilion 

Cass 

Washington- 

Indiana 

Crawford 

Schuylkill 

Ottawa 

Lancaster 

Suffolk 

Chester... 

Carbon 

Delaware- 

Monroe 

Somerset 

Highland 

Lawrence 

Washington 

Washington 

Suffolk 

Lycoming 

Chester 

Rensselaer 

Moultrie 

Middlesex 

Fayette 

Dorchester 

Susquehanna 

SulllTan 

Somerset 

Doniphan 

SchuylklU.. 

Chester 

Coles 

Fairfield. 

Mason 

LeaTenworth 

LeaTen  worth 

Aroostook 

Talbot 

Bristol 

Ionia 

Faribault 

Bnchanan- 

Grafton 

Washington 

Wayne 

Clarion 

Northampton 

Adams 

Adams 

Marathon 

Sioux 

Sioux 

Essex 

Orange 

Penobscot. 

Cattaraugus 

Columbiana 

Ellis 

Clarion— 

Bergen 

Genesee 

Carbon 

Cnmberland 

Chenango- 

Wyoming 

Chester 

Washington 

Mills 

Fulton 

Washington- 

Suffolk 

Coos 


State. 


N.H.. 
N.Y,, 

Pa 

N.C., 
Tex.., 

Pa 

Tex.., 
Mo..., 
Iowa, 
N.H. 
Ohio. 
Mass. 
Ohio. 
Ohio., 
Pa..,,, 

Ill 

Me.,,, 
Ohio., 
Mass. 
Conn, 

HI 

Mo..., 
Me.... 
Pa..., 
Wis... 

Pa 

Mich 
Pa..,,, 
N.Y. 
Pa...., 
Pa-.. 
N.Y. 
Mich 
N.J,. 
Ohio. 
Pa-.. 
Vt-.., 
Vt..... 
N.Y. 
Pa.... 
Pa.,.., 
N.Y. 

Ill 

N.  J.. 
Pa..., 
Md.,. 
Pa... 
N.H, 
Me,.. 
Kan, 

Pa 

Pa.... 
111.... 
Conn..,, 

Ill 

Kan- 
Kan- 
Me.„, 
Md.... 
Mass. 
Mich, 
Minn 
Mo.,.. 
N.H- 
N.  Y- 
Obio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Iowa., 
Iowa.. 
N.  J.- 

Vt 

Me.... 
N,  Y- 
Oblo,. 

Tex 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.,,, 

Ga 

Me 

N.  Y 

Oregon, 


Population, 


1870,      1880, 


653 


672 
261 


2,263 

88 


106 


3,397 
1,004 
2,106 


1,506 


2,017 
1,139 
1,214 


1,401 
1,686 


163 
1,130 


920 

'i',02i 


983 
I,40U 
1,600 
1,288 


1,169 


622 
2,110 
3,668 
1,401 


318 
'8,072 


10,987 


4,316 
1,164 


862 
2,719 


826 
817 


3,736 
136 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETU»NS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPABED. 


Plac«. 


Eaatport ▼. 

East  Port  Che8ter..v. 
Eaat  rorterville  ....v. 

East  Portland p.T. 

East  Poultney p.T. 

East  Prospect p.b. 

East  Providence.. ..tp. 
East  Providence.  ...p.tp. 
East  Providence.. ..V. 

East  Rimdolph p.T. 

East  Kandolph p.T. 

East  Richfield v. 

East  Kichford p.h. 

East  Kichland. p.h. 

East  Ringgold p.T. 

East  River tp. 

Eiist  Rochester p.T. 

East  Bockaway p.T. 

East  Rupert p.h. 

East  Sagiaaw c. 

East  St.  Clair tp. 


..p.T. 
..p.h. 

.p.T. 
,.p.T. 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 

..p.h.- 


East  St.  Louis. 

East  Salem 

East  Salisbury..., 
East  Sandwich... 

East  Saugns 

East  Setauliet 

East  Springfield. 
East  Springfield. 
East  Springfield. ...p.T. 
East  Springfield.. ..p.T. 

East  Steamburg p.h. 

East  Stockholm p.h. 

East  Stoughton p.T. 

East  Strou(l8burg...p.T. 

East  Sullivan p.T. 

East  Summit t. 

East  Sumner p.h. 

East  Swanzey p.T. 

East  Syracuse p.T. 

East  Tarrytown.....h. 

East  Tawiis .p.T. 

East  Texas p.T. 

East  Thetford p.h. 

Easttowu tp. 

East  Troy p.T. 

East  Troy tp. 

East  Troy p.T. 

East  Tyrone b. 

East  Union .t. 

East  Union p.tp. 

East  Union .tp. 

East  Varick p.h. 

East  y  assalborongh.p.T, 

East  Victor t. 

Eastville t. 

East  Vincent tp. 

East  \Vashing:ton...p.T. 

East  Waterford p.T. 

East  Waterloo tp. 

East  Waverly t. 

East  Weare p.T. 

East  Wheatfleld  >...tp. 

East  Whiteland tp. 

East  Williamson. ..p.h. 

East  Wilton p.T. 

East  Wilton t. 

East  Windsor .p.tp. 

East  Windsor tp. 

East  Woodstock. ..~p.T. 

Eaton p.T, 

Eaton p.tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Baton tp. 

Eaton p.tp. 

Eaton M tp. 

Eaton p.T. 

Eaton p.tp, 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton  Rapids tp. 

Eaton  Rapids p.T. 

Eatonton p.T. 

Eatontown tp. 

Eatontown p.T. 

Eau  Claire c. 

Eau  Oalle p.fp, 

^au  Oalle tp. 

Eau  Plelne „tp. 

Eb«necar _tp. 


Coonty. 


Knox , 

Fail-field , 

Morgan , 

Multnomah .. 

Rutland , 

York , 

Bedford , 

Providence... 
Providence... 
Cattarang^.. 

Orange 

Summit ., 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Pickaway 

Page 

Columbians... 

Queens 

Bennington .. 

Saginaw 

Bedford 

St.  Clair ^ 

Juniata 

Essex 

Barnstable ... 

Essex 

Suffolk 


Clark 

Jefferson 

Erie 

Schuyler 

St.  Lawrence.. 

Norfolk 

Monroe 

Hancock 

Union 

Oxford 

Cheshire 

Onondaga. 

Westchester.... 

Iosco 

Lehigh 

Orange 

Chester 

Bradford 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Blair 

Noble 

Wayne , 

Schuylkill , 

Seneca 

Kennebec 

Ontario 

Plymouth 

Chester 

Sullivan 

Juniata 

Black  Hawk  . 

Tioga 

Hillsborough.. 

Indiana. 

Chester m.. 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Hillsborough. 

Hartford 

Mercer 

Windham 

Delaware 

Washington... 

Eaton 

Carroll 

Madison 

Lorain , 

Preble 

Wyoming 

Brown' 

Clark 

Manitowoc... 

Eaton 

Eaton_ 

Putnam. 

Monmouth .... 
Monmouth.... 
Eau  Claire .... 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Portage 

Darlington..... 


State. 


Tenn ... 
Conn.... 
Utah.... 
Oregon. 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa. 

R.  I 

R.  I 

N.T 

Vt 

Ohio 

Vt 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Pa 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mass  ... 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

Me 

N.J 

Me 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mich..., 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y„.., 

Me 

N.Y-.., 
Mass..., 

Pa 

N.  H..., 

Pa.. 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y-.., 
N.H.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Me 

N.H.... 
Conn... 
N.  J.... 
Conn... 

Ind 

Me. 

Mich... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohlo„.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Qa. 

N.  J .... 
N.J._.. 

Wi8._... 

Wis 

Wis .... 

Wis 

8.  0 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,274 
2,668 


977 


13,226 

'  iijm 


170 


736 
l',431 


867 

1,865 

614 


1,961 


1,104 
1,222 


2,882 
2,383 


71 

1,138 

657 

3,690 

1,062 

1,748 

8.30 

368 

316 

1,468 

2,416 

1,221 

1,240 


978 
535 
333 
862 


149 

715 

155 

2,934 

732 

250 

1,503 

6,056 

263 

286 

147 

111 

86 

86 

178 

1,009 

150 

509 

40 

19,016 

1,114 

9,186 

64 

533 

257 

786 

684 

82 

148 

185 

102 

82 

86 

1,129 

1,102 

315 

260 

56 

178 

1,099 

61 

1,086 

238 

44 

845 

99 

1,407 

368 

279 

210 

2,048 

588 

62 

198 

106 

182 

1,252 

103 

158 

4,060 

191 

HI 

937 

1,273 

96 

276 

824 

3,019 

2,271 

184 

208 

314 

1,217 

629 

3,799 

1,161 

2,143 

955 

686 

453 

1,524 

1,336 

1,785 

1,371 

2,642 

625 

10,119 

1,154 

646 

598 

1,318 


Place. 


Ebenezer tp. 

Ebensburg p.b. 

Eberhardt .... 
Eberly's  Mill 

Ebervale 

Echo 

Echo 

Echo 


..p.v. 
,.p.h. 
..p.v. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 
..tp. 


Echo „ p.T. 

Eckford tp. 

Eckhart  Mines p.T. 

Eckley p.h. 

Eckley p.T. 

Eckmansville p.h. 

Economy p.T. 

Economy tp. 

Ecorce -.p.tp. 

Eddlngton p.tp. 

Eddington p.T. 

Eddystone t. 

Eddytown p.T. 

Eddyville .p.T. 

EddyTille p.T. 

Eddyville -p.T. 

Eddyville t. 

Eddyville t. 

Eddyville p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden ........t. 

Eden .p  Ji. 

Eden tp. 

Eden ......tp. 

Eden ......tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden ^. 

Eden p.tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden »....^. 

Eden t. 

Eden p.tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden..... tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.T. 

Eden t. 

Eden tp. 

Eden .tp. 

Eden ^. 

Eden tp. 

Eden .tp. 

Eden p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.b, 

Eden tp. 

Eden h. 

Edenbnrg b. 

Edenburg p.T. 

Eden  Lake „p.tp. 

Eden  Mills p.h. 

Eden  Prairie tp. 

Eden  ton ....tp. 

Edenton p.T. 

Edeuton p.T. 

Edenville- tp. 

Edenvllle- pji. 

Edenville-............p.T. 

EdenTille..... h. 

Edesville.- p.T. 

Edford. _tp. 

Edgar ^. 

Edgar pJi. 

Edgar p.T. 

Edgar  Springs p.h. 

Edgartowu  * p.tp. 

Edgecomb p.tp. 

Edgefield  C.  H p.T, 

Edgefield  Jnnction.p.T. 

Edge  Hill ~....p.T 

Edgemont p.tp. 

Edge  Moor _t. 

Edgerton -p.h. 

Edgerton .p.T. 

Edgerton p.T. 

Edgerton -p.T. 

Edge  water .......t. 


County. 


York 

Cambria. 

White  Pine.- 

Cumberland 

Luzerne 

Dale - 

Antrim 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Summit 

Calhoun 

Alleghany 

Carroll 

Luzerne 

Adams 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Wayne , 

Penobscot 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Yate« , 

Pope 

Wapello 

Lyon 

Ulster 

Washington- 

Armstrong 

Alameda. 

Lincoln 

La  Salle 

Randolph 

Hancock 

Lagrange 

Benton- 

Carroll 

Clinton , 

Decatur 

Fayette 

Marshall 

Sac , 

Ness 

Sumner 

Martin 

Hancock 

Lake 

Mason 

Brown  

Pipe  Stone 

Erie 

Erie 

Delaware.- 

Licking 

Seneca 

Wyandot 

Lancaster 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Fond  du  Lac 

Fond  du  Lac 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Clarion 

Shenandoah 

Stearns 

Lamoille 

Hennepin 

Chowan 

Chowan 

Clermont.- 

Midland 

Midland 

Orange.- 

Wyandot 

Kent 

Henry 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Clay 

Phelps 

Dukes 

Lincoln 

Edgefield.- 

DaTidson 

Montgomery 

Delaware 

New  Castle 

Pipe  Stone 

Platte 

Williams 

Bock 

Burlington ~.. 


State. 


Fopniation. 


1870.      1880. 


S.  C 

Pa- 

Nev 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ala 

Mich.... 
Blinn ... 
Utah.... 
Mich.... 

Md 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Me..v-" 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ky.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y 

Pa.... 

Cal.. 

Dakota. 

111.... 

111-.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Kan-. 

Kan-. 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
Minn.. 
N.Y„. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Pa-.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis.-. 
Wis.-. 
Wis.... 
Wis.-. 

Pa. 

Va 

Minn. 

Vt 

Minn... 
N.  0 
N.  0 
Ohio-... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y_... 
Ohio-... 

Md 

HI 

ni- 

Ill 

Neb-.... 

Mo 

Mass.... 

Me 

8.  0 

Tenn.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Del 

Minn... 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Wis. 

N.  J-... 


2,167 
1,240 


Ifili 


229 
1,324 
2,211 

776 


1,212 
386 


3,841 
1,623 


930 

804 


985 

1,065 

927 

649 


1,196 


431 


2,270 


191 

782 

1,483 

1,423 

1,076 

968 


1,448 


462 

244 


676 

3,664 

1,243 

86 


948 
1,617 


1,616 

1,066 

846 


678 


8»0 


1  In  1880,  excluslTe  of  Armagh. 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


287 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Edgewater .......t. 

Edgewood p.v. 

Edgewood p.v. 

Edgewood p.h. 

Edgewood ▼. 

Edgington tp. 

Edgington p.v. 

Edina p.v. 

Edinborough p.b. 

Edinburg p.v. 

Edinburg p.v. 

Edinburg tp. 

Edinburg p.v. 

Edinburg h. 

Edinburg p.tp. 

Edinburg tp. 

Edinburg p.v. 

Edinburg p.v. 

Edison p.v. 

Edisto tp. 

Edmeston tp. 

Edmeston p.v. 

Edmonton p.v. 

Edmore p.v. 

Edmunds tp. 

Edna ...tp. 

Edna p.h. 

Edna  Mills p.h. 

Edneyville p.tp. 

Edon p.v. 

Ed  ray p.h. 

Edson p.tp. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwards p.v. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwardsburg p.v. 

Edwards  Depot p.v. 

Edwards  Ferry p.h. 

Edwardsport p.v. 

Edwardsville p.v. 

Edwardsville tp. 

Edwardsville p.v. 

Edwardsville p.h. 

Edwardsville p.v. 

Edwardsville v. 

Bel tp. 

Eel  River p.tp. 

Eel  River tp. 

Eel  River tp. 

Effingham p.v. 

Effingham p.v. 

Effingham p.tp. 

Effingham tp. 

Effingham  Falls.. ..p. v. 

Effington tp. 

Egan p.h. 

Egg  Harbor tp. 

Egg  Harbor p.tp. 

Egg  Harbor  City... .p.v. 

Eggleston tp. 

Egremont tp. 

Egypt „..p.h. 

Egypt p.v. 

Egypt ~ tp. 

Ehrenberg p.  v. 

Eidsvold tp. 

Ela tp. 

Elam p.h. 

Elamsville p.h. 

Elba p.v. 

Elba tp. 

Elba. tp 

Elba p.tp. 

Elba tp. 

Elba ...p.v. 

Elba p  tp. 

Elba p.h. 

Elba p.h. 

Elba. ~..tp. 

Klberton ~. p.v. 

Elbow  Lake ....p.tp. 

Elbridge tp. 

Blbridge h. 

Elbridge tp. 

Blbridge tp. 

Blbridge p.v. 

Bl  Bruno v. 

Bl  Cajon... p.tp. 

El  Cerro v. 

El  Dara. » p.v. 

Elder. tp. 

288 


County. 


Richmond 

Effingham 

Clayton  

Harford 

Alleghany 

Rock  Island 

Rock  Island 

Knox 

Erie 

Christian 

Johnson 

Penobscot 

Grundy 

Monmouth 

Saratoga  

Portage 

Portage 

Lawrence 

Morrow  » 

Orangeburg 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Metcalfe 

Montcalm 

Washington- 

Cass 

Labette 

Clinton 

Henderson 

Williams 

Pocahontas 

Chippewa 

Ogemaw 

Kandiyohi 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence ~ 

Wilkes 

Cass 

Hinds 

Montgomery 

Knox M 

Cleburne 

Madison 

Madison 

Floyd 

Wyandotte 

Clark _ 

Cass ». 

Allen 

Greene „ 

Hendricks 

Effingham 

Atchison 

Carroll 

Darlington 

Carroll 

Otter  Tail- 

Moody - 

Atlantic 

Door - 

Atlantic 

Muskegon 

Berkshire  - 

Chickasaw 

Monroe 

Tancey.„ 

Yuma „„ 

Lyon 

Lake 

Delaware.- 

Patrick 

Coffee 

Knox 

Gratiot 

Lapeer 

Winona 

Winona 

Genesee 

Washington- 

Pittsylvania- 

Dodge 

Elbert 

Grant 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Oceana 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

San  Miguel 

San  Diego 

Rio  Arriba 

Pike 

Cambria- 


State. 


N.  T 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Md. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

8.C 

N.  T 

N.  Y 

Ky 

Mich.... 

Me 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ind 

N.C. 

Ohio 

W.  Va.„ 

Wis 

Mich..-. 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y.... 

N.  C 

Mich. ... 
Miss-... 

Md 

Ind 

Ala 

Ill 

lU 

Ind 

Kan 

Ohio. ... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Kan . ... 
N.H.... 

S.O 

N.H.... 
Minn ... 
Dak.-... 
N.  J.„... 

WiB 

N.  J 

Mich.... 
Mass-... 

Miss 

N.  Y 

N.O 

Arizona 
Minn ... 

m.. 

Pa 

Va 

Ala 

lU 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Oliio 

Va 

Wis 

Ga 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.Mex. 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,106 


807 
801 


1,799 
66 


1,406 
929 


1,744 
"*14« 


448 
367 


1,126 


1,076 
T,55*6 


3,486 
2,193 


160 
1,2171 

501 
1,676 
2,383 


904 


3,586 
166 

1,311 
233 
931 


781 
1,27*7 


1,046 
323 

1,001 
681 


1,906 


1,496 


1,807 


524 

3,796 

463 


8,044 

252 

216 

41 

218 

1,178 
105 

1,166 
876 
651 

1.814 
46 
174 
71 

1,623 
910 
127 
306 
152 

1,036 

1,794 
361 
216 
704 
446 
633 
26 
64 

1,616 
613 
40 
882 
306 
163 

1,082 
379 

1,906 
600 
431 
36 
777 
267 

4,133 

2,887 

95 

106 

129 

221 

1,287 
336 

1,998 

3,066 
187 
865 

1,160 

109 

312 

23 

4,075 
730 

1,232 
218 
875 
95 
151 
825 
248 
378 

1,412 

23 

42 

222 

902 

734 

1,272 

754 

98 

1,968 
75 
63 

1,341 
927 
375 

1,746 

79 

833 

4,087 
616 
139 
671 
228 
307 
679 


Place. 


...p.h. 
...p.v. 
....p.b. 
...p.h. 
.p.v. 


Elder's  Ridge... 

Eldersville 

Elderton 

Elderville 

Eldon 

Eldora tp. 

Eldora p.v. 

Eldora tp. 

El  Dorado v. 

El  Dorado p.v, 

El  Dorado h. 

El  Dorado p.v, 

El  Dorado tp. 

El  Dorado Ip. 

El  Dorado p.v. 

El  Dorado ^. 

El  Dorado p.v. 

EI  Dorado „ tp. 

El  Dorado p.v. 

El  Dorado ^. 

El  Dorado p.v, 

El  Dorado p.tp. 

Eldred „ tp. 

Eldred- tp. 

EUlred tp. 

Eldred p.b. 

Eldred ., tp. 

Eldred „..tp. 

Eldred tp. 

Eldridge.- p.h. 

Eleroy p.h. 

Elevation p.tp. 

Elgin p.v. 

Elgin c. 

Elgin tp. 

Elgin p.v. 

Elgin p.h. 

Elgin tp. 

Elgin p.h. 

Elgin tp. 

Elgin p.v. 

Elgin b. 

Elgin p.v. 

Elida - p.v. 

Blimsport p.v. 

Eliza p.tp. 

Elizabeth p.h. 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth p.v. 

Elizabeth p.v, 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth c. 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth p.b, 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth ^ 

Elizabeth tp, 

Elizabeth p.v, 

Elizabeth  City tp. 

Elizabeth  City c. 

Elizabethtown v. 

Elizabethtown p.v. 

Elizabethtown p.v, 

Elizabethtown p,v, 

Elizabethtown p.h, 

Elizabethtown h. 

Elizabethtown p.v. 

Elizabethtown tp. 

Elizabethtown p.v, 

Elizabethtown tp. 

Elizabethtown p.v. 

Elizabethtown p.b. 

Elizabethtown p.v. 

Eliza  ville-.. 

Elk 

Elk -..., 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk „ 

Elk 

Elk ...,., 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk , 


Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

El  Kader... 


....p.v. 

...,tp, 

.,..tp. 

...,tp, 

....tp. 

....tp. 

....tp. 

...,tp, 

..,.tp, 

....tp. 

....tp. 

....tp. 

....p.tp. 

,....tp. 


.tp. 
,.tp. 
,tp, 
.tp, 
..p.v. 


County. 


Indiana 

Washington... 
Armstrong .... 

Hancock 

Wapello 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Surry 

Benton 

Union 

Calaveras 

El  Dorado 

McDonough-. 

Saline 

Saline 

Benton 

Fayette 

Butler 

Butler 

Montgomery.. 

Preble 

Fond  du  L:ic., 

Jefferson - 

Lycoming. 

McKean 

McKean 

Monroe 

Schuylkill-.... 

Warren.- 

Scott 

Stephenson..., 

Johnston 

Jackson 

Kane 

Kane 

Fayette 

Lyon 

Plymouth 

Chautauqua... 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Erie 

Bastrop 

Allen 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Fulton 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess. 

Harrison 

Otter  Tail 

Union 

Lawrence,-,,.. 

Miami 

Alleghany-.... 

Alleghany 

Lancaster 

Orangeburg.-, 

Wirt 

Pasquotank,-. 
Pasquotank.... 

Lawrence ,, 

Hardin 

Bartholomew. 

Hardin 

Otter  Tail 

Monroe.- 

Colfax 


Essex 

Bladen 

Bladeu 

Lancaster 

Carter 

Fleming 

Jackson 

Buena  Vista-.. 

Clayton 

Delaware 

Cloud 

Lake 

Sanilac 

Nobles 

Stoddard 

Watauga 

Wilkes 

Noble 

Vinton 

Chester.-. 

Clarion- 

Tioga 

Warren 

Clayton- 


State. 


Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..... 
Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Ark 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

ni 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

N.C 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.,., 

m 

N.  C_.,. 

Ark 

ni 

ni 

Iowa.  ,„ 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.  ... 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn ,.. 

Pa 

Tex 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ill 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn... 

N.J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

8,C 

W,Va... 

N.  C 

N.C 

Dak 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Minn  „. 

Mo 

N.  Mex, 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

N.C 

N.C 

Pa 

Tenn.,,, 

Ky 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.,,, 
Mich,,., 
Minn ,.. 

Mo 

N.  0 

N,  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa, 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa, 

Iowa..,, 


Popnlatlon. 


1870.      1880. 


235 


2,070 

1,268 

858 


1,105 
1,691 


777 
797 
887 


1,674 
832 
739 
897 


937 
968 
667 


1,459 


6,441 
1,298 


429 
"878 


633 


767 


216 

20,832 
3,357 
1,236 
1,196 
2,937 
955 


2,006 
930 


294 
1,743 


1,488 


1,904 

62 

858 

3J1 

180 


901 
927 
661 


633 


621 

265 

675 

1,655 

2,063 

839 

l,05,i 

172 

469 

697 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


tUttt. 


County. 


Blk  City p.v. 

Elk  City p.v. 

Elk  City p.h. 

Elk  Creek tp. 

Elk  Creek tp. 

Elk  Creek p.h. 

Elk  Creek p.tp. 

Elk  Falls tp. 

Elk  Falto p.T. 

Elk  Fork  1 tp. 

Elk  Grove  tp. 

Elk  Grore tp. 

ElkGroTe p.h. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart ~ p.T. 

Elkhart p.T. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart p.h. 

Elkhoru tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn p.T. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn tp, 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn t. 

Elkhorn p.T. 

Elkhorn  Grove p.tp 

Elkln p.T. 

Elk  Lake tp. 

Elkland tp. 

ElklanU tp. 

Elkland p.T. 

Elk  Lick tp. 

BSlkmont p.T. 

Elk  Mound p.tp 

Elko p.v. 

Elko p.T. 

Elk  Point p.T. 

Klkport p.T. 

Elk  Prairie tp. 

Elk  Rapids tp. 

Elk  Rapids p.T. 

Elk  Ridge  Landing.p.T. 

Elk  River. tp. 

Elk  River h. 

Elk  River tp. 

Elk  River. p.T. 

Elk  River tp. 

Klk  Run ^. 

Elkton p.T. 

Elktun ...p.T. 

Elkton p.h. 

Elkton .p.h. 

Elkton p.h. 

Ell tp. 

Ellaville p.v. 

Ellenborough p.T. 

Bllenborough p.tp, 

EUenburg p.tp, 

Ellendale tp. 

BSlenton p.T. 

Ellenville p.v. 

Ellerslie.... p.v. 

Ellery p.tp, 

EllettsviUe p.v. 

Blllcott c. 

Klllcott tp. 

Ellicottville tp. 

ElllcottTille p.T. 

EUijay p.T. 

EUiJay tp. 

Ellington tp. 

Ellington p.T. 

Ellington tp. 

Ellington p.tp. 

Ellington tp 

Ellington p.tp. 

Ellington p.tp, 

Ellington tp. 

Ellington p.T. 

Ellington tp. 

Ellinwood p.T. 

Elliot p.tp, 

Elllota p.h. 

Elliott p.tp, 

Elliott p.T. 


Montgomery . 

Clarion 

Barbour 

Jasper 

Wright 

Johnson 

Erie 

Elk 

Elk 

Pettis 

Cook 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Logan 

Logan 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Noble 

Polk 

Bates 

Anderson , 

San  Joaquin ., 

Brown 

Washington.., 

Plymouth 

Webster 

Lincoln , 

McDonald 

Warren , 

Douglas , 

Walworth...., 

Carroll 

Surry 

Grant , 

Tuscola , 

Sullivan , 

Tioga 

Somerset 

Limestone...., 

Dunn , 

Elko 

Barnwell 

Union 

Clayton , 

Jefferson 

Antrim 

Antrim 

Howard 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Sherburne.... 
Sherburne.... 

McDonald 

Columbiana.. 

Todd 

Cecil 

Hickory 

Columbiana .. 

Giles 

Hancock 

Schley  

Ritchie 

Grant 

Clinton 

Alexander.... 

Aiken 

Ulster 

Alleghany.... 
Chautauqua.. 

Monroe 

Howard 

Chautauqua.. 
Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus.. 

Gilmer 

Macon 

Tolland 

Tolland 

Adams 

Hancock 

Palo  Alto 

Tuscola 

Dodge 

Chautanqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 
Outagamie... 

Barton 

York 

Fillmore 

San  Joaquin. 
Ford 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Kan... 

Pa. 

W.  Va 
Iowa.... 
Mo  .... 
Neb..., 

Pa 

Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Mo...., 

Ill 

Wis... 
Wis..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Mo.... 
Tex... 
Cal ... 

HI 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Wis 

Ill 

N.  C 

Minn.... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ala 

Wis 

NeT 

S.C 

Dakota. 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Md 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ky 

Md 

Mo 

Ohio .... 
Tenn ... 
Iowa.... 

Ga 

W.  Va.. 

Wis 

N.  T 

N.  0 

S.C 

N.  T 

Md 

N.  T 

Ind 

Md 

N.T 

N.  T 

N.  T-... 

Oa. 

N.  C 

Conn  ... 
Conn ... 

HI 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  T 

N.  T 

Wi8.„... 

Kan 

Me 

Minn... 

Cal 

Ill 


1,180 


1,462 


2,404 
1,120 
1,377 


1,325 
378 
3,266 
1,477 
1,541 
744 


1,428 

1,150 

160 


2,479 


1,205 
662 


611 

705 

332 

1012 


433 


1,176 
370 


1,296 


637 


1,336 

956 

1,797 


157 


803 

3,042 

908 


1,616 


1,722 

6,679 

1,833 

6791 


625 
1,462 


2,298 
342 


462 
2681 

1,666 
314 

1,248 


1,769 


383 

382 
48 

1,221 
649 
139 

1,564 

1,357 
613 

1,060 

1,201 
959 
51 

1,623 
393 

6,953 

1,590 

1,668 

961 

632 

30 

1,957 

1,431 
167 
214 
531 

1,009 

1,032 

2,608 
113 

1,122 
689 
137 
208 

1,249 
879 
470 

1,601 
233 
588 
762 
149 
719 
243 

1,162 
741 
620 
448 

1,271 

63 

260 

635 

686 

1,467 
874 

1,752 

33 

92 

87 

164 

182 

144 

777 

3,162 

1,052 
94 

2,750 
126 

1,666 
686 

1,784 
10,842 

1,949 
748 
200 
689 

1,569 
242 

2,304 
594 
176 
687 
667 

1,602 
371 

1,377 
362 

1,640 
71 

2,047 
172 


Place. 


County. 


Elliott .tp. 

Elliott p.T. 

Elliott p.T. 

EUiottsburg p.h. 

Elliottstown p.h. 

ElllottsviUe V. 

Ellis „.tp. 

Ellis tp. 

Ellis p.T. 

Ellisburg p.h. 

Ellisburg tp. 

Ellisburg p.T. 

Ellisdale p.h. 

Ellison p.tp. 

Ellisville tp. 

Ellisville p.v. 

Ellisville p.h. 

Ellsborongh tp. 

Ellsworth p.h. 

Ellsworth p.T. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth p.T. 

Ellsworth c. 

Ellsworth p.h. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth T. 

Ellsworth p.tp, 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth p.T. 

Elm tp. 

Elm tp. 

Elm tp. 

Elma tp. 

Elma p.T. 

Elm  Creek p.tp. 

Elm  Creek tp. 

Elm  Creek tp. 

Elm  Creek* tp. 

Elm  Creek tp. 

Elmdale h. 

Elmendaro tp. 

Elmer P-tp. 

Elmer tp. 

Elmer p.T. 

Elm  GroTe tp. 

Elm  GroTe tp. 

Elm  GroTe tp. 

Elm  GroTe tp. 

Elm  GroTe p.T. 

Elmhurst p.T. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmira p.v. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmira p.T. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmita c. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmo tp. 

Elmo h. 

Elmo p.h; 

El  Monte p.tp. 

Elmore pji. 

Elmore tp, 

Elmore p.tp. 

Elmore p.v. 

Elmore ..p.tp. 

Elm  Point p.h. 

Elm  Springs p.h. 

Elm  Store p.h. 

Elmwood tp. 

Elm  wood p.T. 

Elmwood p.T. 

Elmwood  • tp. 

Elmwood p.tp. 

Elmwood tp. 

Elmwood ......p.h. 

Elmwood p.h. 

Elmwood  Place. p.T. 

El  Paso p.T. 

El  Pnso tp. 

El  Paso c. 

El  Paso p.T. 

El  Paso tp. 

El  Paso p.h. 

El  Rancho t. 

El  Rio p.T. 


Louisa 

Montgomery . 

Randolph 

Perry 

EfHngham 

Jefferson 

Hardin 

Ellis 

Ellis 

Camden 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Monmouth.... 

Warren 

Fulton.: 

Fulton 

Jones 

Murray 

Logan 

McLean 

Emmett 

Hamilton 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Lake 

Meeker 

Grafton 

Jackson 

Mahoning , 

Pierce 

Pierce , 

Wayne , 

Allen 

Putnam 

Erie , 

Erie 

Marshall 

Morris 

Republic , 

Saline 

Martin 

Chase 

Lyon 

Sanilac 

Pipe  Stone ..., 

Salem 

Tazewell 

Calhoun 

Louisa 

Labette 

Ohio , 

Du  Page 

Solano 

Solano 

Stark 

Stark 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Chemung 

Chemung 

Otter  Tail 

Nodaway 

Grant 

Los  Angelea., 

Elmore 

Daviess , 

Faribault 

Ottawa 

Lamoille , 

Bond 

Washington. , 
Randolph  »..., 

Peoria 

Peoria , 

Plymouth 

Leelenaw....... 

Tuscola. 

Saline 

Saline 

Cass , 

Hamilton 

White 

Woodford 

Woodford 

EI  Paso 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Bernalillo. 

San  Diego 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Kan ..... 

Kan 

N.  J 

N.Y 

N.Y 

N.  J.-... 

Ill 

Hl_ 

Ill 

Miss 

Minn... 
Ark-..., 

HI 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.. 

Kan_... 

Kan.. 

Me.... 

Mass, 

Mich. 

Minn 

N.  H.... 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  J 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
luwa... . 

Kan 

W.Va... 

HI 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Wis 

Cal 

Ala 

Ind 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Vt 

Ill 

Ark 

Ark.„... 

Ill 

Ill 

Masa 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb.-... 

Ohio 

Ark-... 

Hi 

Ill 

Tex 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

N.Mex. 
Cal 


870 


618 


4,822 


1,268 
657 


98 
186 
448 


6,257 


270 
193 


662 
747 


068 


1,640 

2,827 

166 


1,109 
188 


633 


347 
1,072 


701 


1,108 


1,056 

15,863 

1,190 


1,264 


866 

470 

1,131 

637 


2,410 
1,476 


1,638 


862 

1.664 

764 

248 


414 

177 
113 

137 

8« 

118 

674 

1,108 
680 
6« 

4,810 

222 

4» 

1,041 

645 

260 

37 

116 

43 

168 

76 

803 

1,378 
929 

6,062 
90 
252 
499 
209 
162 
715 

1,502 
432 

1,08» 
630 

2,371 

2,66& 
108 
387 
931 
660 
467 
107 
» 

1,444 
269 
126 
346 

1,431 
271 
651 

1,096 
236 
723 
816 
240 
978 
840 
225 
666 
20,641 

1,986 
177 
87 
41 

1,313 
106 

1,073 
43» 

1,044 

682 

46 

83 

47 

2,430 

1,604 
379 
438 

1,064 

2,297 

67 

38 

1.H6 

144 

821 

1,390 
7,'J» 
690 
43 
400 
114 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870.  area  reduced. 


289 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlM^ 


Ooonty. 


BroT ..^ p.T.  I  JanekO-. 

Mlih. P-T-  t  JerMj M~.... 

SW*... .^...p.T.  '.  Clioton_ 

■Woboronjg^) ~.tp.      Salem 

Srinoc* ...^p.^ 

iStadon pwT. 


Klnston. 
BTin. 
Bwin 
Bwood— . 

KIwooiL. 

BwDod .^ 

BwooiL... 

Byt. 

Bj. 

■j.— ~ 

By  SUtioii pJi. 

X^ii». — ...^.^ tp. 

B^»..._>.......~.p.T. 

Byibarg- p-r. 

B^riaa ^ p.T. 

Bjiiiii  nelda pii. 

Xonlllew. T. 

■^ton —. p-T. 


....p.T 

...p.tp. 

_~pJu 

^.tp. 

~.p.y. 
.,.p.T. 

„.p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 
^P.T. 
...tp. 
_tp. 
p.T. 


»a  StatioD. 
ntoa......^ 


bumTiUe.-. 


fcipiiilniii 


Allen ~. 

Oolft. — — 

Hancock ~~... 

Johnaon .^... 

Macon. ~~. 

Vennillon — ~,^. 

WiU 

Madiaon....>..i~..~ 

Clinton.. 

Barbonr. ............ 

Doniphan ~>. 

Allan  tic..l.....~~. 

Marquette.......^ 

Orange.  -....>..~_ 

Orang«.- ......~». 

Marion_.„..>  .«_ 

Lorain... 

Lorai  n ... ...~. ...... 

Northnmbarlaad. 
Le  Sneur........... 

Le  Sneor.......^.- 

Harriaon .. .  ...M ... 

Howard .......^ 

Jeffemn  .........^ 

Lehigh 

Bdgar .~~ 

VaTipara   . . .  ,.it 
Somenet .......... 

Bio  Arriba. —. 

Tw^gmn  

Faribanlt ..^ 

Paulding— 

St  Croix  ...„.^_ 

Bock_ ..^ . 

Jefferaon ......... ._ 

Mills- »— 

Gratiot ...«. 

Marion-. ............ 

Placer. 

York.- 

Logan 

Morgan — 

Woodson.......... 

Henrj 

Shannon ............ 

Shannon  .......m.- 

Knox.. ..  ............ 

Venango ........... 

White....«-«. 

Harray. ...._..... 

Fnlton... 

McDonongh— .... 

£mmett ........ 

Pottawatomie-. ._ 
Oalhonn.    ,.,.,,,.. 

St.  Clair ..«.._ 

KenvUle. ...._ 

Dodge...™.......... 

Palo  Alto_....«.. 

Palo  Alto 

Frederick  _......« 

Daridaon ....... 

Fulton... .......... 

Stanislaaa_..._ 
Stanlalana  .......^ 

McTiean  ....,..—. 

Whilarid0-...._. 

Blawocth ..^ 

pJtfd  McPhawon -.1 

Cbriatiaa.. 
Leelenaw- 

Dakota 

Andrew. 

Fond  dn  Lac..... 

Qierokee... 

Ormsby. 

Lyon . 

Lyon.. 
'  Cameron 

........p.T.  I  Alleghany..... 

.^.—.^p-tp.,  Hartford ....... 

-.- tp.    I  White ™,.. 

-~. p.T.  ;  White. ......»_ 

-~ PLtp.  Penobscot-.... 

..ptp.  Hampshire . 

.■■■        P-tp.  Graftian ........ 


Stat*. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


700 
462 


1,140 


4,076 
3,038 

"ssa 


1,362 


Gonn... 

ni 

m 


M.H.. 


1,065 


8,322; 

"~i5 

1,023 
1,662 


Plaoa. 


Enfield 

Enfield 

Enfield 

Englewood. 

Englewood-. 

English 

English....~~~.... 

English. _.... 

English  BiTer..... 
English  BiTor..... 

Ennls......_ 

EDnisTille....~~.. 

Enoch 

Enochsbnrg .^ 

EnochTille.-. 

Knon 

Enon 

Enon 

Enon  Valley 

Enoeburg -... 

Enosborg 

Ensley.- 

Enterprise.- 

Enterprise 

Enterprise 

Enterprise 

Enterprise 

Enterprise _.. 

Enterprise —. 

Enterprise......... 

Enterprise 

Enterprise.. ....~. 

Enterprise 

Enterprise 

^les  Station 

Kphraim.- — 

Ephrata — 

^hrata-.... 

Elrfiratah- .-.. 

^ihtatah- 

Siqpard's  Point- 
limping. 

Spps 

^paom-.. ........... 

'Balaam       ,,, 

Equality 

XqnaUty........... 

BvUdoan- 

EidaL . 

Eriurd'a  Grore.. 
Ericson. ............ 

Erie................ 

Erie ~. 

&ie 

Erie......... 

Erie................ 

Erie...—.. 

Erie....—. 

Erie 

&ie..- 

Erie —.....-. 

Erie 

Erie 

Erie -.— . 

ErisTille.^ 

Erin. 

Erin 

Erin—....—...—. 
IMn— ...—.....- 


-tp. 
.tp. 
.p.T. 

-P.T. 

.p.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

..p.T. 

.pJl. 

.p.h. 

.p.h. 

..p.T. 

.p.h. 

.p.T. 

,.p.T. 

.tp. 

.p.T. 

•Ptp. 

,.p.T. 

.pJl. 

..p.T. 

.tp. 

.tp, 

..p.T. 

-tp. 

..h. 
..h. 


Erin.-...-. 

fcin— 

Srin  Prairie ..... 

&rienna— 

fcrol 

Brrin 

Erring. 

Erring-....—. 

Erwin ... 

Brwinna.-.— .. 

SM^lanta- 

Escanaha 

Bscanaba. 


..pJi. 

...p.T. 

..tp. 

-p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 
..p.^). 

..pi. 

-P.T, 

.-tp. 

-.p.T. 

-.^ 

...^ 

"P-tp. 

-.P-T. 

..tp. 

-.p.T. 

..p.h. 

-tp. 

-.tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

~^. 

~P-«P. 

^tp. 

K..& 

..p.T. 

-tp. 

..tp. 

-tp. 

-tp. 

-P-tp. 

.-p.T. 

>.tp. 

-.tp. 

..tp. 

».p.tp. 

...p.^ 

-.^ 

-.p.T. 

•~Ptp. 

-.pJu 

~p.T. 
...tp. 

P.T. 

P.T. 

tp. 

P.^ 

tp. 

P.T, 

.p.T, 

tp- 

p.T, 


County. 


TompUna- - 

Hali&z-- 

Halifiut- 

Cook 

Bergen.- 

Jersey -. - 

Iowa.. 

Lucas- 

Keokuk- 

Washington- 

Ellis 

Huntingdon 

Noble 

Franklin — 

Bowan- -.. 

Bullock- 

Perry- -. 

Clark- — 

Lawrenc«— ..— . 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Kewaygo - 

Volusia 

Spencer 

Dickinson .-.— . 

Beno— — . 

Jackson- — .. 

Clarke -, 

Linn —-.-.-, 

Linn -. -., 

Preble „.., 

Northumberland 

Warren. 

Morgan  - — .. 

Sumter.- —.... 

San  Pete 

Lancaster — . 

Lancaster- 

Fnlton...—. 

Fulton „ , 

LiTingston 

Bockingbam , 

Butler -. 

DaTieaa.- 

Merrimae  .-..—. 
Gallatin..-.—. 

Mfller 

Chester—....—..... 

Grant- 

Otter  Tail 

BeuTille. 

Weld. — 

Wbiteeida- -. 

Whitedde 

Lawrence- 

Miami 

Neoeho.- ....—. — 

Neosho — . 

Sedgwick .— 

Monroe 

Becker -. 

McDonald . 

OtUwa 

Erie 

Madison..—. 

Stephenson 

Hancock....—.-. 

Macomb. — 

Bice 

Chemung-. 

Houston. 

Washington-. .. 

StOoix. 

Grundy- — ... 

Coos 

Howard- -. 

Franklin 

Franklin.—..-.. 

Steuben-.—. 

Bucks. 

Iron -.-..- 

Delta 

Delta- 

Pierce 

Uringston .--... 

Ulster 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Columbia-. 

Middlesex. 

Middleaex....-.-. 


State. 


K.  T-.. 
N.C.— 
N.C.-.. 

lU 

N.  J.-.. 

ni- 

Iowa ... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.„ 
Iowa... 

Tex 

Pa. 

Ohio 

lnd...„ 

N.  a— 

AU 

Mi«a-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pr. 

Vt 

Vt. 

Mich.- 
Fla  .... 

Ind 

Kan  ... 

Kan 

Minn.. 
Miss-- 

Mo. 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Utah- 
Ala 

Utah.- 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  T-.. 
N.  T-. 

Ill 

N.  H-.. 

Mo 

Ind 

N.H.. 

Ill 

Mo.-.. 

Pa. 

Minn.. 
Minn.. 
Minn. 
Col  — 

111 

111 

Ind 

Ind...„ 

Kan 

Kan  — 
Kan... 
Mich.- 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

N.  T-., 

EL 

Iowa. .. 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
N.  v.... 
Tenn... 

Wis 

Wis-... 

ni„ 

N.  H_.. 

Ind 

Maas.- 


N.  T-. 

Pa. 

Utah.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Wis-.. 

ni 

N.T-. 
N.T-. 
N.  T- 

Conn  . 
Conn. 


Population. 


1870.  '  1880. 


1.627 
1,801 


1,603;    1,690 
2,796     4,681 

601 

2,850 

4,076 

1,347 

1,703 

907 

1,240 

1,499 

1,361 

70 

1,3021    1,480 

64 

I        77 

299 

41 

362 

I       471 

2,077     2513 
640 


SIS 


1^67 
2,696 

"  "in 

1,270 
283 


356 
1,068 


696 


699 

1,360 

418 


1,527 

""ei's; 

465 
19,616, 


8771 


8,468 

628 
1,392, 

i^ 

1,0S4 

337 

178 

1,316 

579 


1,977 


1,370 


917 
4,657 
1,276 


1,609 


1,388 

294 

61 

411 

«9 

m 

1,096 
«M 

64 
64 

323 

178 

81 

63 

1,688 

3,S«> 

392 

2,157 

309 

1,081 

1,636 

381 

SO 

909 

600 

757 

126 

m 

4U 
343 
368 

778 
637 
17 
724 

1,334 
270 
257 

1,721 
1T7 
660 
696 
87,73(7 
190 
761 
162 

2,698 
8M 

i^m 

485 

1,273 

1,015 
269 
161 

2A&9 
872 
370 

*^ 
89 

623 

3,880 

3,026 

246 

876 

1,378 

341 

46S 

1,856 

1,279 


290 


>  Since  1870,  area  ma<^  reduced. 


IDPCLATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP  1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


BK.. 


BKL: 


— tp. 

........tp. 

— tp 

P.T. 

p.tp. 

tp. 

p.h. 

p.tp. 

»x «» p.tp, 

Junction p.v. 

BierTille tp. 

■■errllle p.T. 

WItUU p.T. 

En. — . — p.T. 

B»...~~~ p.b. 

Mk.....^.. tp. 

mZZZZ"'.Z".tp'. 

m^...^ h. 

m tp. 

Mk .^ p.tp. 


■  I 


p.T. 

~tp. 

p.T. 

^ Pb. 

Ba  Oraen ~p.v. 

Brick....^ ..p.tp. 

bicks _..T. 

Bhee  Anna -p.h. 

Bslid tp. 

fcUd —.p.h. 

■aid tp. 

Bilid p.T. 

idora.....M... tp. 

Mora .....p.T. 

Ihnla c. 

^ene ....tp. 

^ene p.y. 

Egene ...p.h. 

^ene  City p.T. 

Riarlee pJi. 

Ualia ......tp. 

(phemla. ...p.T. 

Ireka ..tp. 

Ireka- ..c. 

Ireka..... -tp. 

ireka -t. 

ireka......... -tp. 

ireka.....— p.T. 

ireka....—. p.T. 

ireka „....-p.h. 

ireka....... tp. 

ireka ....—tp. 

ireka — tp. 

reka...— ..— ..^.-tp. 

reka p.T. 

reka...^... tp. 

kreka.....— ........tp. 

ireka....... „...p.T. 

ireka -tp. 

reka.....— tp. 

reka p.T. 

Teka c. 

ireka........ p.T. 

ireka -tp. 

ireka p.T. 

ireka  Milla p.T. 

ireka  Springs p.T. 

irekaville- p.h. 

istia tp. 

istia p.h. 

■.taw........ p.T. 

du „tp. 

angellne  - ^. 

raaa. ...p.tp. 

tw p.tp. 

Vansborc p.b. 

tans'  MUla 

Tanaport 

ranaton — . 

Tans  ton.. - 

Tanston......... 

vansTille........ 

vansrille— ..... 

Tansrille....... c. 

vansville p.tp. 

tvansrllle -.p.h. 

Sransrllle. p.T. 

ylrart... -...tp. 

Irart...  ~ p.y. 

Irarts tp. 


County. 


,.P.T. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

-P.T. 

..P.T. 

.p.T. 

.p.T. 


Kankakee 

Stark-. 

Porter 

Page 

Easex 

Clinton 

Stoddard 

Essex- 

Chittenden .... 
Chittenden.... 

Emmett 

Emmett 

Scott 

Siskiyou 

Coles— 

Logan — .. 

Kosciusko-.... 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Hardin- 

Penobscot. 

Scotland 

Licking. 

Licking- 

Alleghany 

Kosciusko 

Trempealeau . 
Chesterfield... 
Walton — ..— 

Polk 

Polk 

Cuyahoga. 

Cuyahoga-.... 

Douglas- 

Douglas..—.... 

Barbour. 

Vermilion-..., 
Yermilion-... 

Ringgold 

Lane 

Bartow-.- 

Potter — .. 

Preble ..., 

Humboldt-... 
Humboldt-.... 

Nevada- 

Nevada 

Sierra- — .. 

San  Juan 

Woodford 

Spencer- 

Adair- 

Sac- 

Barton— ...... 

Greenwood... 
Greenwood.... 

Hitchell 

Saline 

Clinton 

Montcalm..... 

Dakota- 

St.  Louis 

Eureka-. 

Juab 

Polk 

Winnebago... 

Plumas.- 

Carroll 

Jackson- 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Greene — . 

Kingman-.... 
CharleTcdx ... 

Marshall 

Erie 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Defiance 

Cook 

Cook 

Uintah 

Washington- 
Randolph 

Vanderbnrg- 

Douglas. 

Preston- 

Bock 

Osceola-. 

Osceola- 

Otter  TalL.... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


Ill 

111 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mich- 
Mo  

N.Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Va 

Cal 

Ill 

IlL. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa- , 

Ind 

Wis 

Va. 

Fla 

Minn .. 
Minn.. 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.. 
Kan  -.. 

Kan 

Ala 

Ind 

Ind...... 

Iowa.— 
Oregon. 

Ga- 

Pa- 

Ohio 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Col  „.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.._ 
Kan  -... 
Kan  -... 
Kan  «... 

Kan 

Kan ..... 
Mich..- 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

NeT 

Utah.... 

Wis. 

Wis-.... 

Cal 

Ark.-... 
Ohio-.- 

Me 

Me 

Ala 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Ill 

N.  T 

Pa. 

N.  y 

Ohio-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Wy 

Ark. — 

111 

Ind 

Minn- 
W.  V». 

Wis 

Mich.- 
Mich.- 
Minn... 


990 
1,538 

228 


1,614 
1,601 


1,600 
2,022 


480 
106 


920 

1,007 

429 


1,849 
844 

'riJ24 
258 

1,447 
397 

1,214 


2,188 

'i'fioi 


3,185 

1,396 

347 


861 

"353 

107 

2,049 


1,249 
"350 
1,233 


1,040 


968 
924 


90 

1,989 

2,593 

174 


191 


77 


21,830 
250 


168 


1,043 

1,452 

167 

617 

1,670 

1,784 

77 

1,462 

2,104 

648 

355 

138 

155 

361 

84 

990 

1,076 

677 

85 

2,466 
895 
100 

1,166 
236 

2,334 
388 

1,656 

677 

78 

200 

67 

2,776 
699 

2,029 
572 

3,836 

1,341 

341 

29 

1,117 

24 

654 

269 

3,484 

2,639 
683 
224 
319 
123 

1,185 

96 

506 

361 

327 

1,994 

1,127 
407 
430 
208 
924 
895 
141 

4,207 
122 
595 
276 
370 

3,984 

86 

302 

74 

1,101 
383 
365 

1,777 

2,610 
197 
578 
292 

6,703 

4,400 

1,277 

163 

321 

29,280 

564 

87 

1,068 

1,077 

1,302 
117 


Place. 


ETeline p.tp. 

Eveline h. 

Evening  Shades p.r. 

Everett p.tp. 

Everett - p.ip. 

Everett tp. 

Everett ^. 

Everett p.h. 

Everett p.b. 

Evergreen p.v. 

Evergreen p.v. 

Evergreen tp. 

Evergreen tp. 

Eversonville pJi. 

Everton p.v. 

STesborongh ...h. 

Evesham  ^ tp. 


Coontar. 


Bving^n. 

Evona... 

Ewart.... 

Ewing... 

Ewing.... 

Ewing... 

Swing... 

Ewing.. 


~ ?•▼• 

~ PV. 

......p.h. 

tp. 

P.T. 

P.T. 

tp. 

.p.h. 


Charlevoix . 
Buclianan .. 

Sharp- 

Woodson.... 
Middlesex .. 
Newaygo.... 
Cass 


Swing's  Neck p.v 

Ewington tp. 

Ewlngton — pJi. 

Ewington v. 

Excello- p.T. 

Excelsior - tp. 

Excelsior tp. 

Excelsior tp. 

Excelsior. p.T. 

Excelsior- p.h. 

Excelsior- v. 

Excelsior- p.v. 

Excelsior p.T. 

Excelsior- tp. 

Excelsior  Citgr t. 

Exeter —p.T. 

Exeter— .....— p.tp. 

Exeter— tp. 

Exeter— .....— p.h 

Exeter......—.. -p.tp. 

Exeter.— p.T. 

Exeter.- tp. 

Exeter.- —.p.T. 

Exeter- _  tp. 

Exeter— pji. 

Exeter- tp. 

Exeter— p.tp- 

Exeter— — .tp. 

Exeter......... p.tp. 

Exeter tp. 

Exeter  Mills p.h. 

Ebtira. - tp. 

Exira. p.T. 

Exline p.h. 

Eyota tp. 

Eyota. p.T. 

Ezbon....... p.tp. 

Ezel p.li. 

Fablus _.tp. 

Fabius tp. 

Fablus* tp. 

Fabius- tp. 

Fabius -tp. 

Fabius tp. 

Fabius- p.v. 

Factory  Point .p.v. 

Factory  Village  (Swan- 

zey) h. 

Factory  Village  (New 

Ipswich) -..V. 

Factory  vllle. p.T. 

Faggert's tp. 

Fagundus — .— .p.T. 

F^un -tp. 

Fair — tp. 

Fairbank......-....-tp. 

Fairbank-....  -. p.T. 

Fairbanks ...» tp. 

FiUrbanks  ...........p.T. 

Fairbanks — .— tp. 

Fairbanks tp. 

FairBlnff- tp. 

Fair  Bluff. „ p.T. 

Fairbum. —...p.T. 

Fairbary —...p.T. 

Fairbory  —..—.. p.T. 


Bedford „ 

Conecuh. 

Avoyelles 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 

Linn — . 

Fayette — ... 

Burlington 

Burlington -.. 

Campbell - 

Gentry -.. 

Poweshiek.......... 

Franklin — ... 

Franklin - 

Jackson. „. 

Mercer  -....„ 

Hocking. 

Cumberland- 

Jackson 

Gallia 

Dauphin 

Butler. 

Dickinson 

Kalkaska. 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Morgan 

Burke 

Northumberland. 

Richland 

Sauk 

Sebastian.- 

Scott 

Clay „ 

Penobscot- 

Penobscot-...—.. 

Monroe— 

Fillmore 

Rockingham 

Rockingham.—... 

Otsego  ....—.. 

Otsego 

Berks - 

Luzerne.....—..-. 

Wyoming 

Washington. 

Green.....-.— ...... 

Penobscot 

Audubon 

Audubon — ... 

Appanoose.....—.. 

Olmsted- — .-. 

Olmsted- 

Jewell 

Morgan.....——— 

Davis- — 

St.  Joseph-....— > 

Knox — , 

Marion — ... 

Schuyler... . ....... 

Onondaga- 

Onondaga  -.....—. 
Bennington—... 

Cheshire....... .~~. 


Stata. 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880. 


Hillsborongfa..... 
Wyoming -...«.. 

Cabarrus 

Warren—....—... 
KandiyohL..— .. 

Platte — 

Buchanan- 

Buchanan- 

Sullivan 

Sullivan — . 

Delta- -.. 

Shawano — - 

Columbus- 

Columbus-....-.. 

Campbell— 

Livingston  — — .. 
Jefferson— .~  ~~> 


Mich. 
Mo... 

Ark 

Kan...- 
Masa-... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa- 

Ala 

La 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Ind 

N.J 

N.J-... 

Va 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

N.J 

Ohio-... 

N.J 

Minn  -. 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Ohio- 
Iowa.  ... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Pa 

Wis-.., 
Wis.-;.. 

Ark 

Ill 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

Neb. 

N.  H..„ 
N.  H., 
N.  Y„ 
N.Y-. 
Pa-.... 
Pa-... 

Pa 

R.L- 
Wis-, 
Me.... 
;  Iowa ... 
I  Iowa.... 
'  luwa.... 
I  Minn.- 
i  Minn... 

I  Kan 

I  Ky 

Iowa.— 
I  Mich- 
Mo 

'  Mo. 

I  Mo 

N.  Y— 
I  N.  Y...- 
'  Vt-..., 

N.  H.- 

N.H.- 
Pa_..... 
N.O— 

Pa 

Minn- 
Mo..... 
Iowa.„ 
Iowa... 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.. 

Wis 

N.  C— 
N.  C— 

Oa- 

IlL.. 
Nab. 


294 


2,220 
231 
905 


667 


489 


149 
3^'i 


1,224 


2,477 


191 


336 


874 


1,424 
"l,067 


2,239 
742 
211 

1,462 
949 


426 
161 


1^40 


1,494 
1,277 
1,587 
1,908 
1,474 
2,047 
378 


619 

Ties 


1,809 


306 
1,493 


664 

60 

286 

712 

4,16» 

784 

1^31 

67 

1,247 

986 

297 

1,411 

216 

91 

189 

74 

1,602 

140 

113 

49 

1,664 

170 

317 

2,412 

63 

339 

88 

85 

819 

lOT 

13 

168 

513 

417 

56 

239 

265 

134 

1400 

81 

291 

477 

1,274 

87 

1,828 

412 

8,669 

1,626 

1,353 

58 

2,469 

1,021 

151 

1,310 

893 

82 

1,647 

604 

34 

708 

404 

667 

47 

1,072 

1,298 

1,095 

1,867 

1,82* 

2.069 

406 

466 

77 

126 

462 

712 

181 

396 

1,276 

1,175 

223 

1,331 

111 

660 

191 

1,807 

218 

66.' 

244c 

1^1 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


291 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


rUrcbild. 
IMrchild  - 

fkirfitx 

VUtfftX..... 

PWHkx-.. 

nirfiuu.. 

PaMkc... 

Pkir&x. 

ralHkx 

ndriikxC.H.... 

FidHield.. 

FUrfield. 

rUrfieldi p-tp. 

nkirfield..._. tp. 

IMrfield.....^^ p.T. 

rUrfi«ld...._ 41. 

rUifield tp. 

rUrfleld p.T. 

FMrfield 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


FiiUs  Church p.T. 

Fulls  City p.v. 

Fulls  City p.T. 

Falls  Gore ? 

Fallsington p.v. 

Falls  Kun  City p.v. 

FalUton p.h. 

Fallston b. 

Fallstown tp. 

Falls  Village p.v. 

Falmouth p.h. 

Falmouth p.v. 

Falmouth p.tp. 

Falmouth tp. 

Falmouth p.v, 

Falmouth p.h 

Falmouth p.v, 

Falmouth p.v. 

Falun p.tp. 

Fancy  Creek tp. 

Fancy  Creek tp. 

Fandon p.h. 

Fannet tp. 

Faunettsburg p.v. 

Fannin p.v. 

Fanwood p.tp, 

Farber p.v. 

Fargo - p.v. 

Faribault- c. 

Farina p.v. 

Farley p.v. 

Farley p.v. 

Farlinville p.h. 

Farmer tp. 

Farmer tp. 

Farmer tp. 

Farmer p.v. 

Farmer  City p.v. 

Farmer  City p.h. 

Farmers «tp. 

Farmersburg v. 

Farmersburg p.tp. 

Farmer's  Creek tp. 

Farmerstown p.h. 

Farmersville pJi. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farmersville tp. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farmersville v. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farming ..tp. 

Farmi  ngdale tp. 

Farniingdale p.v. 

Farmingdale p.v. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington .....v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.h. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.h. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.h. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington  FallB..p.v. 
Farmland p.v. 


County. 


Fairfax 

Richardson... 

Fayette  „ 

Hocking 

Bucks 

Luzerne 

Harford , 

Beaver „., 

Iredell 

Litchfield 

Rush 

Pendleton 

Cumberland., 
Barnstable... 
Barnstable ... 
Missaukee..., 
Lancaster  ».. 

Stafford 

Saline , 

Sangamon..., 

Riley 

McDonough., 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Rankin 

Union 

Audrain , 

Cass , 

Rice 

Fayette 

Dubuque 

Platte „.., 

Linn , 

Rice 

Wabaunsee.. 

Defiance 

Defiance , 

De  Witt 

Fremont 

Fulton 

Sullivan 

Clayton 

Jackson 

Holmes 

Posey 

Union , 

Cattaraugus. 
Cattaraugus., 

Seneca 

Montgomery, 

Collin 

Stearns , 

Eennet)«c~.., 
Monmouth... 

Queens 

Hartford , 

Coles 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Jeffei-son , 

Cedar 

Van  Buren... 
Van  Buren... 

Atchison 

Republic 

Rooks 

Graves 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Olmsted 

St.  Francois.. 

Strafford 

Ontario 

Davie 

Trumbull ..... 

Trumbull 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren 

Marshall 

Grayson 

Whitman-..., 

Marion 

Jefferson 

La  Crosse-... 

Polk 

Washington. 

Waupaca 

Franklin 

Randolph 


State. 


Va. .. 
Neb.„ 

Pa 

Ohio.. 
Pa...., 

Pa 

Md.., 
Pa...., 
N.  C. 
Conn, 
Ind.., 
Ky... 
Me.... 
Mass. 
Mass. 
Mich, 
Pa...., 
Va...., 
Kan.. 

Ill 

Kan., 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Miss. 
N.J. 
Mo.., 
Dakota. 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ind 

La. 

N.  Y 

N.  T 

N.  T 

Ohio 

Tex 

Minn ... 

Me 

N.J 

N.T 

Conn.... 

Ill- 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan- 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N,  H.... 

N.Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Wash... 
W.  Va- 

WIs 

Wis 

Wis-.... 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Me 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


607 


211 


629 
879 


614 
1,730 
2^237 


1,195 
'2^*146 


4,103 
232 


1,184 
"537 
*i',058 


1,236 
1,502 


272 
1,114 


312 
114 


2,616 
2*066 


860 
1,249 
1,439 

640 


219 


3,261 
T,927 


937 
393 

2,063 

1.1 

2,047 

1,066 

'i",642 

997 

1,101 


86 
2,416 
1,622 

693 
1,886 

734 


632 


660 

1,583 

263 

446 

320 

158 

90 

660 

1,191 

338 

38 

967 

1,622 

2,422 

672 

39 

273 

262 

566 

1,299 

760 

16 

2,374 

295 

107 

1,167 

117 

2,693 

6,416 

318 

471 

120 

64 

876 

381 

1,302 

120 

1,289 

34 

1,255 

237 

1,087 

1,433 

45 

44 

712 

1,128 

116 

544 

794 

230 

285 

789 

882 

624 

3,017 

104 

2,104 

1,111 

935 

1,372 

1,581 

781 

45 

670 

610 

99 

3,363 

1,482 

1,840 

377 

688 

849 

608 

3,044 

1,978 

2,637 

1,162 

142 

2,186 

995 

1,149 

131 

142 

76 

179 

2,039 

1,686 

968 

1,770 

764 

168 

661 


Place. 


Farm  Ridge p.tp, 

Farmville tp. 


..p.v. 
,..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
.p.v. 


Farmville.. 

Farmville 

Farmwell 

Farnumsville.., 

Farragut 

Farrandsville .. 

Farwell 

Faucetts tp, 

Faucetts tp. 

Fawn tp. 

Fawn tp. 

Fawn  Creek p.tp. 

Fawn  River p.tp, 

Faxon p.tp. 

Fayette ^. 

Fayette h. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.tp. 

Fayette .p.v. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette p.tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.v, 

Fayette .p.tp, 

Fayette  City p.b. 

Fayettevllle v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayettevllle p.v. 

Fayettevllle p.v. 

Fayetteville v, 

Fayettevllle p.h. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville c. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville .p.v. 

Fayetteville h. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayston tp. 

Fayville p.v. 

Fayville h. 

Fearing tp. 

Featherstone tp. 

Federal  Point tp. 

Federalsburg p.v. 

Feeder  Dam v. 

Feeding  Hills p.v. 

Feesbnrg p.v. 

Felchville v. 

Felicity p.v. 

Felix tp. 

Felix tp. 

Fell tp. 

FellowsvlUe p.h. 

Felton p.v. 

Felton p.v. 

Felt's  Mills p.v. 

Femme  Osage tp. 

Femme  Osage p.h. 

Fenner- p.tp, 

Fenuimore —tp. 

Fennimore p.v. 

Fenton tp. 

Fenton tp. 

Fenton -p.v. 

Fenton tp. 

Fenton  Centre p.h. 

Fentress tp. 

Ferdinand tp. 

Ferdinand p.v. 

Ferdinand tp. 

Fergus  Falls ^. 

Fergus  Falls p.T. 

Ferguson .tp. 

Ferguson tp. 

Fermanagh -tp. 

Feruandina p.v. 

Ferudale p.v. 

Ferndale .p.v. 

Fern  Valley p.tp. 

Ferrell -p.h. 

Ferrell tp. 

Ferris p.T. 


County. 


La  Salle- 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Prince  Edward. 

Loudoun , 

Worcester 

Fremont 

Clinton 

Clare 

Alamance 

Halifax 

Alleghany 

York , 

Montgomery  ....< 

St.  Joseph 

Sibley 

Livingston , 

Boone 

Vigo 

Decatur 

Fayette- 

Linh 

Kennebec 

Delte 

Hillsdale 

Jefferson , 

Howard- 

Seneca 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Juniata 

San  Pete 

Lafayette. 

Fayette- 

Fayette. 

Washington 

Fayette 

St  Clair 

Fayette 

Lawrence 

Johnson 

Onondaga 

Cumberland 

Brown 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Lincoln 

Windham 

Washington 

Worcester 

Saratoga. 

Washington 

Goodhue 

New  Hanover... 

Caroline 

Saratoga 

Hampden 

Brown 

Middlesex 

Clermont 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Lackawanna .... 

Preston 

Santa  Cruz 

Kent 

Jefferson 

St.  Charles 

St  Charles 

Madison 

Grant , 

Grand 

Whitedde 

Genesee , 

Genesee- 

Broome 

Whiteside 

Guilford „, 

Dubois 

Dubois 

Essex.. 

Otter  Tall 

Otter  Tail 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Juniata 

Nassau 

Humboldt 

Lehigh 

Palo  Alto 

Edgar 

Nash 

Hancock 


State. 


Ill 

N.  0„. 
N.  C-. 
Va...... 

Va 

Mass- 
Iowa.  , 

Pa. 

Mich. 
N.  C... 
N.  C„. 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan- 
Mlch.... 
Minn .. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Miss. 
Mo.., 
N.Y. 
Ohio- 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Utah 
Wis.. 
Pa-.. 
Ala.., 
Ark.. 
6a-.. 

ni.... 

Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Mo.., 
N.Y. 
N.  C. 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Tenn.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass-. 
N.  Y„. 
Ohio... 
Minn. 
N.  0-. 
Md .... 
N.  Y-. 
Mass.. 
Ohio-. 
Mass.. 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

W.  Va 

Cal 

Del 

N.  Y„., 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

Wis 

Wis  -.. 

Ill 

Mich .. 
Mich... 
N.  Y„.. 

Ill 

N.  C-.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Vt 

Minn .. 
Minn  .. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Fla 

Cal 

Pa. 

Iowa... 

Ill 

N.C 

lU- 


Popalatton. 


1870.      1880. 


1,042 


1,643 


1,327 
1,782 
681 
1,467 
606 
680 
687 
267 


1,912 
318 


914 
900 


2,172 
120 
816 

3,364 


2,082 
2,061 


1,193 
889 


965 


139 
1,402 
4,660 

397 


1,206 


1,358 
860 
410 


966 
616 
656 
343 


437 

236 

2,383 


1,381 
1,794 


768 
3,966 
2,363 
1,499 


866 
1,732 


33 


2,111 
686 
993 

1,722 


1,128 

2,497 
111 

2,068 
108 
647 
380 
273 
621 

1,687 

2,479 
636 

1,686 

1,182 

702 

668 

712 

80 

1,936 
869 
996 
783 
766 
371 

2,126 
369 

1,247 

3,316 
679 

2,308 

2,028 
126 

1,148 
867 
180 

1,788 
138 
348 
181 
66 
129 

1,556 

3,485 

390 

600 

93 

2,104 

210 

638 

386 

67 

1,276 
964 
441 
669 
220 
730 
179 
660 

1,047 
882 

1,023 
441 
64 
271 
383 
436 

2,401 
46 

1,272 

1,188 
296 
762 

8,807 
•  2,162 

1,666 

68 

968 

1,748 

600 

40 

1,914 

1,636 

1,817 
704 

1,114 

2,682 

178 

603 

ITO 

S9 

1,203 
US 


293 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Cotmty. 


.p.h. 
..p.v. 
,.p.h. 
.p.v. 


Ferris p.tp. 

Ferris ....p.T. 

Ferrisburg. p.tp. 

Ferry p.tp. 

Ferrysburg p.v. 

Ferry  Village p.v. 

Ferryvllle p.h. 

Fertile p.tp. 

Featina.. p.v. 

Fetterman p.v. 

Fiddletown p.v. 

Fidelity tp. 

Fidelity p.v. 

Field. tp. 

Fieldon p.v. 

Fieldon tp. 

Fieldsborough p.h. 

Fieldsborough b 

Field's  Creek tp. 

Fife  Lake p.tp. 

Fifield... tp. 

Fifield p.h. 

Filer tp. 

Filer  City v. 

Fillmore tp. 

Fillmore.„ p.v. 

Fillmore tp. 

Fillmore tp. 

Fillmore tp. 

Fillmore p.v. 

Fillmore p.v. 

Fillmore tp. 

Fillmore  City p.v, 

Fincastle 

Fiucastle.... 
Fincastle.... 
Fincastle.... 

Findlay tp, 

Fiudlay p.v, 

Findley tp. 

Fiudley tp. 

Fine „ tp. 

Fine p.v, 

Flue's  Creek p.tp. 

Fingerville p.h. 

Fiuley tp. 

Fiiiley._ tp. 

Finley„ tp. 

Fiiiley tp. 

Finley tp. 

Fir  Cup p.h. 

Fire  Creek p.v. 

Fire  Island p.h. 

Firth _ p.v. 

Fish  Dam p.tp. 

Fisher p.v. 

Fisher tp. 

Fisher tp. 

Fisher's p.h. 

Fisher's  Island isl. 

Fisher's  Landing...p.v. 

Fisher's  Switch p.v. 

Fish  House v. 

Fishing  Creek tp. 

Fishing  Creek tp. 

Fishing  Creek tp. 

Fishing  Creek p.tp. 

Fishing  River tp. 

Fishing  Biver tp. 

Fishkilli tp. 

Fishkill p.v, 

Fishkill-on-Hudson.p.v 

Fish  Lake tp. 

FislvPond tp. 

Fiskeville p.v. 

Fitchburg h. 

Fitchburg c. 

Fitchburg p,h, 

Fitchburg p.tp. 

Fltchville v. 

Fitchvillo .p.tp, 

Fithian .p.v. 

Fitzwilliam p.tp. 

Fitzwilliam  Depot..p.v. 

Five  Corners p.v. 

Five  Creeks tp. 

Five  Lakes p.v. 

Flackville p.h. 

Flagg tp. 

Flagstaff.. pint. 

Flambeau p.tp. 


Montcalm 

Ellis 

Addison 

Oceana 

Ottawa 

Cumberland 

St.  Clair 

Worth 

Winneshiek 

Taylor 

Amador 

Jersey 

Jersey 

Jefferson 

Jersey 

Watonwan 

New  Castle 

Burlington 

Henry 

Grand  Traverse.. 

Price 

Price 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Montgomery 

Putnam 

Iowa 

Allegan 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Andrew 

Bollinger 

Millard 

Putnam 

Brown 

Campbell 

Botetourt 

Hancock.r. 

Hancock 

Alleghany 

Mercer 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Haywood 

Spartanburg 

Scott 

Christian 

Douglas 

Webster 

McDowell 

Sierra 

Fayette 

Suffolk 

Lancaster 

Union 

Champaign 

Fremont 

Polk 

Ontario 

Suffolk 

Polk 

Hamilton 

Fulton 

Granville 

Warren 

Wilkes 

Columbia. 

Clay 

Ray 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Chisago 

Barnwell 

Providence 

Estill 

Worcester , 

Ingham 

Dane 

New  Loudon 

Huron 

Vermilion 

Cheshire 

Cheshire , 

Cayuga , 

Clay 

Lapeer , 

St.  Lawrence 

Ogle 

Somerset 

Chippewa 


Population. 

State. 

1870. 

1880. 

Mich.... 

494 

1,192 

Tex 

106 

Vt 

1,768 

1,684 

Mich.... 

366 

629 

Mich.... 

411 

Me 

1,179 

84 

Ala 

Iowa.... 

164 

701 

127 

W  Va.„ 

358 

Oal 

295 

Ill 

1,221 

Ill 

230 

Ill 

1,099 

1,184 

Ill 

298 

Minn ... 

254 

383 

Del 



59 

N.  J 

461 

Mo 

862 

Mich.... 

974 

Wis 

230 

Wis 

54 

Mich.... 

376 

1,033 

Mich.... 

658 

Ill 

1,850 

Ind 

217 

180 

Iowa. ... 

1,004 

1,154 

Mich... 

1,436 

2,345 

Minn ... 

987 

1,119 

Minn ... 

212 

Mo 

271 

297 

Mo 

427 

709 

Utah.... 

906 

987 

Ind 

92 

Ohio 

140 

118 

Tenn ... 

75 

Va 

675 

Ohio 

4,073 

5,553 

Ohio 

3,315 

4,633 

Pa 

1,170 

1,471 

Pa 

1,710 

1,609 

N.  Y 

603 

893 

N.  T 

207 

N.  C 

1,048 

1,463 

8.0 

73 

Ind 

1,102 

1,248 

Mo 

1,276 

1,914 

Mo 

332 

719 

Mo 

625 

761 

N.C 

580 

846 

Cal 

78 

W.Va... 

192 

K.  Y 

77 

Neb 

230 

S.  C 

1,120 

1,714 

Ill 

188 

Iowa.... 

748 

1,411 

Minn ... 

.••....••. 

683 

N.  Y 

98 

N.  Y 

134 

Minn ... 

239 

Ind 

138 

N.  Y 

163 

N.  C_... 

2,413 

2,508 

N.C 

1,598 

1,482 

N.  0 

542 

673 

Pa 

1,372 

1,446 

Mo 

2,798 

2,8.o6 

Mo 

1,653 

1,961 

N.  Y 

11,752 

10,732 

N.  Y 

737 

682 

N.Y 

2,992 

2,503 

Minn ... 

385 

983 

S.C 

1,120 

1,504 

B.I 

119 

Ky 

49 

Mass.... 

11,260 

12,429 

Mich.... 

91 

Wis. 

1,152 

978 

326 

Ohio 

795 

822 

Ill 

165 

N.  H.... 

1,140 

1,187 

N.H.... 

296 

N.Y 

123 

Kan 

1,184 
280 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

30 

Ill 

2,288 

2,716 

Me 

112 

76 

Wis 

251 

Place. 


Flanders v. 

Flanders. p.v. 

Flandreau p.v. 

Flat  Branch tp. 

Flatbush p.tp. 

Flatbush v. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek p.h. 

Flatlands tp. 

Flatlands p.v. 

Flatlands  Neck v. 

Flatonia p.v. 

Flat  River tp. 

Flat  Bock p.v. 

Flat  Bock tp. 

Flat  Bock V. 

Flat  Bock p.v. 

Flat  Bock tp. 

Flat  Bock p.v. 

Flat  Rock p.tp. 

Flat  Bock V. 

Flea  Hill tp. 

Fleetwood p.v. 

Fleming tp. 

Fleming p.v. 

Flemingsbnrg p.v. 

Fleniingsville p.h. 

Flemiugton p.v. 

Fletcher p.v. 

Fletcher p.tp. 

Flicks  ville v. 

Flinn tp. 

Flint h. 

Flint tp. 

Flint pJh. 

Flint c. 

Flint tp. 

Flint  Creek p.h. 

Flint  Hill p.v. 

Flint  Blver tp. 

Flint  Stone. p.v. 

Fliutville p.v. 

Flood  wood p.v. 

Flora tp. 

Flora p.v. 

Flora. p.v. 

Flora tp. 

Flora tp. 

Flora  ville p.h. 

Florence _ p.v. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence tp. 

Florence tp. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence™. tp. 

Florence— p.v. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence™ p.v. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence p.tp. 

Florence tp. 

Florence p.h. 

Florence.™ p.tp. 

Florence tp. 

Florence.™ p.v. 

Florence v. 

Florence p.tp. 

Florence tp. 

Florence.™ p.h. 

Florence tp. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence  Station.. ..p. v. 

Floresville p.v. 

Florida. tp. 

Florida p.tp. 

Florida tp. 

Florida tp. 

Florida p.v. 

Florida p.v. 

Flowerfleld tp. 

Flowerfield p.v. 

Flowery  Branch.... p. v. 

Floyd tp. 

Floyd tp. 

Floyd tp. 


County. 


New  London 

Suffolk 

Moody 

Shelby 

Kings. 

Ulster 

Barry 

Pettis 

Stone 

Buncombe 

Lancaster 

Bedford 

Kings 

Kings 

Kings 

Fayette 

Person 

Crawford 

Bartholomew 

Bourbon  

Wayne 

Henry 

Seneca 

Kershaw 

Davidson 

Cumberland 

Berks 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Fleming 

Tioga 

Hunterdon 

Miami 

Franklin 

Northampton 

Lawrence 

Morgan 

Pike 

Steuben 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Ontario 

Bappahannock.... 

Des  Moines 

Alleghany 

Lincoln 

Athens 

Boone 

Clay 

Carroll 

Dickinson 

Benville 

St  Clair 

Lauderdale 

Pinal 

Stephenson 

Will 

Switzerland 

Benton 

Benton 

Marion 

Boone 

Hampshire 

St.  Joseph 

Goodhue 

Morgan 

Burlington 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Belmont 

Erie 

Williams 

Lane 

Darlington 

Darlington 

Williamson 

Marinette 

Stephenson 

Wilson 

Parke 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Montgomery 

Orange 

Henry, 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Hall 

Warren 

Putnam 

Floyd 


State. 


160 


6,309 


1,571 
1,651 
595 
1,168 
2,088 


2,286 


958 


1,543 


1,184 


3,756 


1,8 


1,207 


Conn. 
N.Y™ 
Dak... 

Ill 

N.  Y.. 
N.Y™ 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
N.  C™, 
S.  C... 
Tenn 
N.  Y., 
N.  Y., 
N.  Y., 
Tex™ 
N.C. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ky... 
Mich. 
Ohio., 
Ohio. 
S.C, 
Tenn, 
N.O. 
Pa..., 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 
Ky.., 
N.Y. 
N.J™ 
Ohio. 
Vt... 
Pa... 
Ind.. 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Va 

Iowa.... 

Md 

Tenn.... 

Ohio 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ala......  I     2,00:i 

218 
1,186 

876 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


426 

91 

1,412 

306 

865 


967 


403 


6,386 
2,142 


1,278 


1,273 
1,339 


269 


Arizona 

HI 

Ill 

Ind , 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass..., 
Mich... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y™.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Oregon 

S.C 

8.  C 

Tex 

Wis , 

HI 

Tex 

Ind 

Mass..., 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y™.. 

Ohio 

Mich... 
Mich..., 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 


1,290 


374 


970 
760! 


2,299 


1,341 
1,678 


2,172 


2,110 
1,322 


3,002 
459 


1,538 


1,146 
1,269 
1,328 


294 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Floyd. 
Floyd. 
Floyd. 
Floyd. 
Floyd.. 


,..p.T. 

..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..p.tp, 


Oonnty. 


Floyd  0.  H p.T. 

Floyd's tp. 

Floyd's ^...tp. 

Floydsburg t. 

Flushing tp. 

Flushing _p.T, 

FluHhing ..tp. 

Flashing ~V-^''. 

Flushing tp. 

FlUHhing p.T. 

Fly  Creek p.T. 

Flynn tp. 

FogelsTlUe p.T. 

Foley p.b. 

Folker >tp. 

FolsomTllle p.T. 

Fonda p.T. 

Fonda p.T. 

Fonda's  Bush p.T. 

Fond  da  Lac p.tp. 

Fond  da  Lac tp. 

Fond  du  Lac p.T. 

Fond  du  Lac c. 

Fond  da  Lac tp. 

Fontana p.T. 

Fontanelle p.T. 

Fontenelle p.T. 

Foosland p.T. 

Foot  of  Plane p.T. 

FootTille .p.h. 

Footvllle p.T. 

Forbes tp. 

Forbes _.t. 

Forbush p.tp. 

Ford  BiTer tp. 

Ford  RiTer p.T. 

Ford  BiTer  Junctiou..T, 

Fordsbosh h. 

Ford's  Ferry p.h. 

FordsTllle. pA. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest 1p. 

Forest p.T. 

Forest p.T. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forestburg p.tp. 

Forestburg p.T. 

Forest  City p.T. 

Forest  City t. 

Forest  City tp. 

Forest  City p.T. 

Forest  City t. 

Forest  City... tp. 

Forest  City p.T. 

Forest  City p.tp. 

Forest  City p.T. 

Forestdale t. 

Forest  Home p.T. 

Forester tp. 

Forester p.T. 

Forest  GroTe p.T. 

Forest  Hill p.T. 

Forest  Hill t. 

Forest  Home p.h. 

Forest  Home tp. 

Forest  Home t. 

Forest  Ijake tp. 

Forest  Lake p.h. 

Forest  Lake p.tp. 

Forest  Mills p.T. 

Foreston „.tp. 

Foreston p.T. 

Forestport p.tp. 

Forest  Prairie tp. 

Forestville p.h. 

Forestvllle p.T. 

Forestville t. 

Forestville p.h. 

Forestville p.v. 

Foreatville tp. 

Forestville p.h. 

Forestville p.T. 

Forestville p.T. 

ForestTille h. 


Floyd .^... 

O'Brien- 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

Oneida 

Floyd 

Horry 

Newberry 

Oldham. 

Qenesee- 

Genesee 

Queens 

Queens 

Belmont 

Belmont 

Otsego 

Sanilac 

Lehigh 

Lincoln 

Clarke 

Warrick 

Pocahontas 

Montgomery .. 

Fulton 

Tazewell 

St.  Loais 

St.  Louis 

Fond  da  Lac .. 
Fond  du  Lac .. 

Miami 

Adair. 

Washington.... 
Champaign  _.. 

Bradford 

Ashtabula 

Bock 

Holt 

Holt 

Yadkin... 

Delte 

Delta 

Delta 

Montgomery ., 

Crittenden 

Ohio 

Sierra , 

Winnebago 

Genesee 

Bice 

Clinton 

Hardin 

Fond  du  Lac. 


State. 


Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
K.  T.... 

Va 

8. 0 

8.0.-.. 

Ky 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y..., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-.. 
N.  Y-., 
Mich... 

Pa , 

Mo ..... 
Mo ..... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
N.  Y-. 
N.Y-. 

Ill 

Minn.. 
Minn. 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Kan-. 
Iowa.. 
Neb-.. 

Ill 

Pa. 

Ohio-. 
Wis.-. 
Mo  .... 
Mo .... 
N.  0.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y- 
Ky.... 

Ky 

Crtl  .... 

Iowa., 

Mich.. 

Minn..- 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,209 
321 
630 

2,133 


1,919 

687 

14,650 

6,223 

1,484 

206 


131 


824 


1,092 
987 
889 
160 


Bichlaud |  Win., 

Vernon 

Sullivan 

Montague 

Sierra 

Chaffee 

Mason 

Mason 

Whitley 

Howard 

Winnebago 

Meeker 

Holt 

Providence 

Tompkins 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Washington 

Placer 

Decatur 

Poweshiek 

Antrim 

Clarion 

Washington 

Washington 

Susquehanna 

Goodhue , 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Oneida 

Meeker 

Sonoma 

Hartford 

Floyd 

Prince  George's.. 

Sanilac 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Chautauqua. 

Wake 

Bucks 


Wis.... 
N.  Y... 
Tex.... 

Cal 

Col 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Minn ... 

Mo 

B.I 

N.Y 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Oregon. 

Cal 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Minn ... 
Minn... 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y„... 
Minn... 

Cal 

Conn  ... 

Ga. 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Pa. 


12,764 
1,266 


1,429 


748 

179 

1,564 

577 


1,417 
926 
662 
915 


152 


832 
155 
401 
676 


670 


2,177 


1,276 
316 


722 


279 

1,098 

438 

194 

1,115 

340 

1,270 

2,830 

104 

2,192 

690 

16,906 

6,683 

1,705 

334 

236 

526 

383 

39 

1,022 

194 

168 

944 

656 

776 

800 

200 

13,094 

1,354 

174 

563 

199 

109 

102 

67 

132 

1,009 

159 

1,414 

814 

343 

100 

99 

67 

85 

1,182 

1,598 

1,882 

853 

170 

987 

1,388 

950 

889 

1,058 

100 

620 

163 

925 

182 

110 


638 

421 

364 

114 

940 

116 

647 

688 

109 

26 

201 

166 

233 

46 

990 

124 

2,374 

1,108 

1,368 

606 

84 

1,OT3 

629 

72 

192 

874 

55 

724 

116 


Place. 


Ooanty. 


Forestville p.T. 

Forestville p.tp. 

Forge  Hollow h. 

Forge  Village -p.T. 

Foristell p.T. 

Fork p.tp, 

Fork tp. 

Fork tp. 

Fork tp. 

Forkland -p  .t. 

Fork  BiTer -tp. 

Forks -pint. 

Forks tp. 

Forks tp. 

Forkston -tp. 

Forkston -.p.h. 

Forksville p.T. 

Fork  Union p.h. 

Forman pji. 

Forney p.T. 

Forney  Creek -tp. 

Forrest tp. 

Forrest p.T. 

Forrest  Cily -p.T. 

ForrestTille ....-t. 

Forsyth p.T. 

Forsyth p.T. 

Forsyth p.tp. 

Fort  Adams p.T. 

Fort  Ancient p.h. 

Fort  Ann tp. 

Fort  Assiniboine—.p.v. 

Fort  Atkinson p.T. 

Fort  Atkinson p.T. 

Fort  Belknap h. 

Fort  Benton p.T. 

Fort  Bidwell -p.T. 

Fort  Brady -t. 

Fort  Branch p.T. 

Fort  Bridger p.h. 

Fort  Brown v. 

Fort  Calhoun p.v. 

Fort  Cameron h. 

Fort  Churchill p.h. 

Fort  Clark t. 

Fort  Collins p.T. 

Fort  Concho p.T. 

Fort  CoTington_....tp. 

Fort  CoTington_...p.T. 

Fort  Custer .p.T. 

Fort  D.  A.  Bu88elL.T. 

Fort  DaTis p.T. 

Fort  Deposit p.T. 

Fort  Dodge p.T. 

Fort  Duncan t. 

Fort  Edward tp. 

Fort  Edward p.T. 

Fort  Ellis p.T. 

Fort  Fairfield tp. 

Fort  Fairfield p.T. 

Fort  Fetterman p.T. 

Fort  Fred  Steele  ...p.T. 

Fort  Gnines p.T. 

Fort  Garland -.p.v. 

Fort  Gates p.h. 

Fort  Gratiot tp. 

Fort  Gratiot p.T. 

Fort  Halleck -.p.T. 

Fort  Howard p.T. 

Fort  Hunter p.T. 

Fort  Jackson p.T. 

Fort  Jefferson h. 

Fort  Jennings. p.T. 

Fort  Kent p.tp. 

Fort  Keogh p.v. 

Fort  Laramie p.T. 

Fort  LeaTenworth.p.T. 

Fort  Lee p.T. 

Fort  Littleton p.T. 

Fort  Logan p.T. 

Fort  Lowell -.t. 

Fort  Lyon p.h. 

Fort  MackaTett p.T. 

Fort  MacKinney...p.T. 

Fort  Madison c. 

Fort  Madison p.h. 

Fort  Meade p.T. 

Fort  Mill tp. 

Fort  Mill p.T. 

Fort  Miller p.T. 

Fort  MohaTe h. 

Fort  Morgan h. 

Fort  Motte -p.T. 


Butler. 

Door 

Oneida 

Middlesex 

St.  Charlee 

Mecosta 

Warren 

Anderson- 

Lexington. >.., 

Greene 

Wayne , 

Somerset 

Northampton.-... 

Sullivan , 

Wyoming , 

Wyoming «..., 

Sullivan 

Fluvanna , 

Lake 

Kaufman—........ 

Swain 

Livingston 

Livingston , 

St.  Francis......... 

Schuylkill 

Monroe 

Macon 

Marquette 

Wilkinson 

Warren- 

Washington 

Choteau 

Winneshiek 

JefTerson 

Choteau 

Choteau 

Modoc 

Chippewa. 

Gibson 

Uintah 

Cameron 

Washington 

Beaver 

Lyon 

Kinney 

Larimer 

Tom  Green 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Custer 

Laramie 

Presidio 

Lowndes 

Webster 

Maverick 

Washington 

Washington 

Gallatin 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Albany.- 

Carbon 

Clay 

Costilla 

Putnam , 

St.  Clair 

St  Clair 

Elko 

Brown 

Montgomery ...., 
St.  Lawrence.... 

Darke 

Putnam 

Aroostook 

Custer 

Laramie 

Leavenworth.... 

Bergen.- 

Fulton 

Meagher 

Pima.- 

Bent 

Menard 

Johnson 

Lee 

Oconee 

Polk 

York 

York 

Washington 

Mohave 

Baldwin 

Orangeburg. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa 

Wis-. 
N.Y-. 

Mass.. 
Mo .... 
Mich.. 
N.  0-. 
8.O.... 
8.0... 
Ala.... 
N.  C-, 
Me .... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Mich.. 
Tex... 
N.O- 

111 

Ill 

Ark... 

Pa 

Ga 

111-..., 
Mich. 

Miss 

Ohio — 
N.  Y— 

Mon 

Iowa.... 

Wis. 

Mon-.., 

Mon 

Cal 

Mich.... 

Ind , 

Wy 

Tex , 

Neb , 

Utah..., 

Nev 

Tex-... 

Col 

Tex 

N.  Y.-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Mon-.. 

Wy 

Tex.-.. 

Ala 

Iowa... 

Tex 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Mon-.. 

Me 

Me 

Wy 

Wy 

Ga- 

Col 

Fla 

Mich  ... 

Mich 

Nev.., 

Wis.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Me... 

Mon. 

Wy.. 

Kan. 

N.J. 

Pa-.. 

Mon., 

Arizona 

Col ... 

Tex... 

Wy.... 

Iowa. 

S.  C- 

Fla.... 

8.0... 

S.C... 

N.  Y- 

Arizona 

Ala 

8.0. 


162 


1,662 
1,352 


1,611 
169 

1,460 
864 
676 


1,084 


43 
3,329 


2,010 


867 


236 


913 

2,436 

953 


828 
616 


3,095 


6,125 
3,492 


768 


1,032 


2,462 


1,034 


493 


4,011 


2,473 


233 

1,042 
99 
267 
163 
343 

1,187 

2,066 

2,074 
205 

1,666 
199 

1,382 

964 

764 

93 

108 

73 

27 

817 

662 

1,292 
367 
903 
262 

I4O6 

162 

291 

220 

84 

8,263 
460 
435 

1,969 
60 

1,618 
260 
116 
778 
44 
416 
240 
179 
50 

1,030 

1,356 
716 

2,424 
931 
739 
50d 

1,162 
350 

8,586 
156 

4,680 

2,988 
267 

2,807 
637 
166 
802 
867 
131 
12 

1,902 

1,280 
157 

3,083 

212 

153 

93 

164 

1,612 
600 
631 

1,112 

1,424 
109 
136 
227 
64 
276 
279 

4,679 

38 

106 

8,834 
290 
124 

n 

lOT 


296 


POPULATION   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Placo. 


Fort  Osage.^ tp. 

Fort  Pierre p.v. 

Fort  Plain p.v. 

Fortress  Monroe.. ..p. v. 

Fort  Richmond h. 

Fort  Ritner p.v. 

Fort  Russell tp. 

Fort  Sanders v. 

Fort  Scott c. 

Fort  Seneca. p.v. 

Fort  Smith p.v. 

Fort  Siielliug p.v. 

Fort  Spring  Depot. p.v. 

Fort  Stanton p.v. 

Fort  Union «..p.v. 

Fort  Valley p.v. 

Fortville p.v. 

Fort  Washakie p.v. 

Fort  Washington  ..p.h. 

Fort  Wayne c. 

Fort  Wayne fort. 

Fort  Winnebago  ...tp. 

Fort  Worth c. 

Forty  Forts ~..v. 

Forward ^..tp. 

Forward ^^ tp. 

Fossum tp. 

Foster ^ tp. 

Foster ^.p.v. 

Foster ....tp. 

Foster ^ ....tp. 

Foster ...tp. 

Foster tp. 

Foster ....^. 

Foster p.tp. 

Fosterburg p.v. 

Foster's  Bar tp. 

Foster's  Crossing. ..p.v. 
Foster's  Meadow. ..p.v. 

Fo8terville M.p.h. 

Fostoria >...p.v. 

Fostoria p.h. 

Foundryville h. 

Foontain p.v. 

Fountain tp. 

Fountain tp. 

Fountain p.v. 

Fountain tp. 

Fountain  Bluff......p.tp. 

Fountain  City p.v. 

Fountain  Creek^....tp. 

Fountain  Qreen. p.tp. 

Fountain  Head p.v. 

Fountain  Prairie...tp. 
Fountain  Prairie. ..tp. 
Fountain  Springs. -v. 

Fouutaintown p.v. 

Fountain  Valley.. ..tp. 

Fourchae tp. 

Four  Mile. tp. 

Four  Mile tp. 

Four  Mile tp. 

Fowler p.v. 

Fowler. p.v. 

Fowler^ p.v. 

Fowler. p.tp. 

Fowler p.tp. 

Fowler v. 

Fowler's  Mills h. 

Fowlers  vlUe p.v. 

Fowlerville ...p.v. 

Fox tp. 

Fox tp. 

Fox tp. 

Fox tp. 

Fox tp. 

Fox ~ tp. 

Foxborough p.tp. 

Foxburg p.v. 

Fox  Creek tp. 

Foxcroft tp. 

Foxcroft p.v. 

Fox  Lake tp. 

Fox  Lake tp. 

Fox  Lake p.v. 

Fox  River tp. 

Foxville p.h. 

Frackville p.b. 

Fraotionville b. 

Fragrant  Hill tp. 

Frailey ^..tp. 


Connty. 


Jackson 

Stanley 

Montgomery.... 
Elizabeth  City„ 

Wapello 

Lawrence 

Madison 

Albany 

Bourbon 

Seneca 

Sebastian 

Hennepin 

Greenbrier 

Lincoln 

Mora 

Houston , 

Hancock , 

Sweetwater....... 

Montgomery .... 

Allen 

Wayne 

Columbia 

Tarrant 

Luzerne 

Alleghany 

Butler. 

Polk 

Marion. « 

Bracken 

Ogemaw 

Faribault 

Luzerne 

McKean 

Schuylkill 

Providence 

Madison 

Yuba 

Warren 

Queens 

Cayuga. 

Seneca. 

Blair 

Luzerne 

El  Paso 

Ottawa M...., 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Juneau 

Jackson 

Buffalo 

Iroquois 

Hancock 

Sumner , 

Pipe  Stone 

Columbia , 

Schuylkill , 

Shelby 

Los  Angelee...., 

Ripley 

Wayne 

Polk 

Barnwell 

Adams 

Benton 

Clinton 

St.  Lawrence 

Trumbull 

Wyandot 

Centre 

Livingston 

Livingston , 

Kendall 

Jasper 

Black  Hawk 

Carroll 

Elk , 

Sullivan ..., 

Norfolk' 

Clarion™ 

Harrison 

Piscataquis  ...... 

Piscataquis 

Martin 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Davis 

Dane 

Schuylkill 

Washington 

Dickinson 

Schuylkill 


SUte. 


Mo 

Dak 

N.  Y... 

Va 

Iowa... 

Ind 

Ill 

Wyom 
Kan.... 
Ohio.... 

Ark 

Minn .. 
W.  Va.- 
N.  Mex. 
N.  Mex. 

Ga 

Ind 

Wyom.. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Tex 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

B.  I 

Ill 

Cal 

Ohio 

N.  T..... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Col 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Ill 

Wis. 

111 

Ill 

Tenn.... 
Minu ... 

Wis 

Pa 

Ind 

Oal 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  y 

Ohio 

Ohio_... 

Pa 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

Mo 

Me 

Me 

Minn  ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa. ... 
Wis...... 

Pa. 

Va 

Kan 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,695 


1,797 


1,492 
*2,227 


1,333 
387 


17,718 
""709 


1,300 
1,025 


191 


304 
2,999 


1,001 
1,630 


624 


1,733 


1,037 
"*699 


867 

603 

1,475 


1,286 


1,817 

531 

1,936 


1,785 
871 


1,265 


-  812 
1,119 
1,188 
443 
3,057 


1,178 


1,916 
1,086 
1,266 


1,322 


2,207 
287 

2,443 

525 

99 

131 

1,413 
401 

6,372 
123 

3,099 
352 
144 
118 
164 

1,277 
634 
191 
80 
26,880 
279 
689 

6,663 
478 

1,740 

1,133 
606 
885 
208 
206 
406 

5,116 

5,373 
690 

1,652 
130 
498 
202 
477 
77 

3,669 

78 

16 

99 

829 

922 

266 

816 

446 

963 

799 

1,258 
169 
157 

1,300 
228 
245 
143 
230 

1,982 
522 

1,972 
164 
967 
321 

1,590 

851 

126 

63 

1,051 
386 

1,251 
781 
930 

1,275 

2,256 
661 

2.950 
514 
990 

1,263 
732 
172 

1,791 

955 

752 

63 

1,707 

56 

477 

1.307 


Framingham  ^ p.tp. 

Framnas tp. 

Francestown tp. 

Francestown p.v. 

Franceaville p.v. 

Fraiiconia tp. 

Frauconia p.v. 

Franco  nia p.tp. 

Fraucouia tp. 

Fraukenmutb p.tp. 

Frankfori p.v. 

Fraukford p.tp. 

Fraukfurd p.v. 

Frankford tp. 

Frankford tp. 

Frankford p.v. 

Frankfort p.h. 

Frankfort. tp. 

Fraiikfoit. p.v. 

Frankfort tp. 

Frankfort v. 

Frankfort p.T. 

Frankfort p.tp. 

Frankfort c. 

Frankfort. p.tp 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort tp. 

Fraukfort tp. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.tp. 

Fraukfort  Spring9..p.v. 

Franklin p.tp, 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.v 

Franklin^ tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin h. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin ^. 

Franklin p.  v. 

Franklin. tp.. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin^ tp. 

Franklin.. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin.. tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin pint 

Franklin v. 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin tp. 


County. 


Middlesex 

Stevens 

Hillsborough. 
Hillsborough. 

Pulaski- 

Chisago 

Chisago 

Grafton 

Montgomery.. 

Saginaw 

Sussex 

Mower 

Pike 

Sussex 

Cumberland... 
Greenbrier.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fi-anklin 

Will 

Will 

Clinton 

Montgomery ., 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Benzie 

Wright 

Herkimer-. 

Herkimer 

Ross 

Mineral 

Pepin 

Beaver 

Sacramento 

New  London... 

Heard 

DeKalb 

Morgan 

Morgan 

DeKalb- 

Floyd 

Grant 

Harrison 

Hendricks 

Henry 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Kosciusko- 

Marion 

Montgomery  .. 

Owen 

Pulaski.- 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Washington-.. 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Allamakee 

Appanoose 

Bremer.- 

Cass 

Clarke 

Decatur 

Des  Moines 

Fremont 

Greene 

Lee 

Lee 

Linn 

Marion 

Monona. 

Monroe 

O'Brien.- 

Polk 

Story 

Washington...., 

Bourbon 

Edwards 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Lincoln ..» 

Marshall 

Ness 

Simpson 

St.  Mary's 

Hancock 

Oxford 

Baltimore 

Norfolk 

Houghton 


State. 


Mass... 
Minn .. 
N.  H-.. 
N.  H... 
Ind..... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
N.H-. 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Del .... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.J 

Pa 

W.  Va. 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 

Ky 

Me 

Mich... 
Minn .. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
W.  Va. 
Wis.-.. 

Pa 

Cal 

Conn... 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

ni 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass. ... 
Mich... 


Population. 


187C 


4,968 


932 


650 


649 
1,959 
1,488 


674 


1,776 
1,369 


1,270 


1,924 


1,300 

437 

6,396 

1,152 


664 
3,065 
1,083 

519 


340 

165 

1,272 

731 


1,004 
2,057 


1,243 

793 
1,471 
1,402 
1,316 
1,579 
2,903 
2,707 
1,280 
2,376 
1,683 
1,612 

226 
1,266 
1,537 
1,961 
1,366 
1,385 


850 
888 
643 


677 

466 

1,549 

2,232 


1,872 
628 

2,738 
768 
856 
613 


654 

924 

816 

1,207 


1,021 
2,326 


1,808 

1,266 

1,042 

178 


2,512 
2,163 


296 


1  In  1871,  part  of  Natick  annexed. 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


'  Plao*. 


JVanklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. h. 

Franklin tp 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. p.h. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin. ......p.T. 

Franklinl tp. 

Franklin* tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin. p.T. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin* tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin 1p. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin.. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin t. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin ^. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. p.T. 

Franklin ......tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin b. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin t. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin t. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin t. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin c. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin.. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.h. 

Franklin ^. 

Franklin  City p.h. 

Franklin  Falls p.T. 


County. 


Lenawee 

Oakland 

Wright 

Andrew 

Dent 

Greene 

Grundy.. 

Howard™ 

Howard 

Laclede  „ 

Miller 

Newton 

Franklin 

Merrimac 

Merrimac 

Bergen , 

Essex 

Gloucester 

Hunterdon.... 

Somerset 

Warren 

Delaware....... 

Delaware 

Franklin , 

Macon 

Macon „.... 

Bowan , 

Sampson 

Surry 

Adams 

Brown 

Clermont .« 

Columbiana..., 

Coshocton™ 

Darke 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Harrison 

Harrison „ 

Jackson™ 

Licking 

Mercer , 

Monroe™ 

Morrow 

Portage 

Richland 

Boss 

Shelby 

Summit. 

Tuscarawas 

Warren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Adams 

Alleghany 

BeaTer 

Bradford 

Butler 

Cambria 

Carbon 

Chester.™ 

Columbia 

Erie 

Fayette 

Greene 

Huntingdon™.. 

Lehigh 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Snyder 

Snyder 

Susquehanna.. 

Venango 

Washington.... 
Westmoreland. 

York 

Williamson 

Robertson 

Franklin 

Southampton.. 

Pendleton 

Jackson™ 

Kewaunee 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Sauk 

Sliiboygan 

Vernon 

.\ccomack 

Merrimac 


State. 


Mich- 
Mich.. 
Minu. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Neb™.., 
N.  H... 
N.  H... 
N.J™. 
N.J... 
N.J™. 
N.  J-. 
N.J... 
N.  J  ™. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y™.. 
N.  Y™., 
N.  0™., 
N.  0™.. 
N.  0™.. 
N.  0™.. 

N.  a... 

Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio™.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tenn... 

Tex , 

Vt 

Va 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.™.. 
Wis.™.. 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Va 

N.  H... 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


1,459 

""797 


848 


1,029 

2,474 

227 


622 
1,238 


2,301 


2,188 
1,342 
3,912 
1,656 
3,283 
681 
1,195 
1,310 


1,184 
1,309 

629 
2,172 
1,225 
3,298 

866 

972 
1,366 
2,629 

999 
1,153 


1,665 

847 

831 

1,418 

1,011 

3,037 

943 

1,082 

839 

1,887 

998 

3,012 

1,832 

1,302 

2,176 

716 

676 

705 

1,047 

426 

1,912 

922 

506 

994 

1,299 

1,500 

1,365 


644 


739 
934 


849 
3,908 
1,074 
1,796 

910 
1,652 


1,612 


1,280 

1,597 

2,090 

786 


1,231 


1,532 

151 

1,598 

76 

1,330 

1,451 

1,261 

1,938 

250 

933 

1,007 

1,767 

78 

3,265 

466 

2,206 

1,617 

2,480 

1,338 

3,818 

1,529 

2,907 

660 

1,184 

1,840 

207 

1,820 

1,774 

899 

1,541 

1,165 

3,402 

869 

1,053 

1,871 

3,810 

1,207 

1,216 

132 

1,502 

818 

1,015 

1,251 

957 

4,141 

967 

1,233 

999 

2,203 

1,166 

4,148 

2,385 

1,460 

2,499 

793 

739 

702 

1,047 

734 

1,741 

966 

543 

1,020 

1,373 

1,986 

1,129 

216 

693 

237 

994 

1,247 

130 

816 

6,010 

1,189 

1,704 

952 

l,6;i2 

311 

1,439 

477 

273 

531 

1,601 

1,876 

1,819 

1,010 

96 

1,319 

97 

1,957 


Place. 


Franklin  Fumace..p.T. 

Franklin  GroTe p.T. 

Franklin  Hill t. 

FrankliuIronWorks.pT 

Franklin  Mills p.h. 

Franklin  Square....T. 

Franklinton p.h. 

Franklintou p.h. 

Franklinton tp. 

Franklinton p.T. 

Franklintown p.b. 

FrankliuTille p.h. 

Franklin  ville t. 

Franklinville ~tp. 

Franklin  ville p.T. 

Franklinville T. 

Franklinville  * tp. 

Frankl  inville- p.T. 

Frank  Pierce p.h. 

Frankstown tp. 

Frankstown p.T. 

Franks  ville p.h. 

Frankton p.T. 

Franktown  « p.T. 

Frankville ™.tp. 

Frankville p.T. 

Fraser ™ tp. 

Fraser tp. 

Frazee  City p.h. 

Frazer p.h. 

Frazer tp. 

Frazeysburg p.T. 

Frederic p.T. 

Frederic tp. 

Frederica p.T. 

Frederica tp. 

Frederica p.h. 

Frederick tp. 

Frederick p.T. 

Frederick c. 

Frederick tp. 

Frederick p.T. 

Fredericksburg. .._T. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg tp. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg t. 

Fredericksburg h. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg t. 

Fredericksburg. ..„p.v. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg c. 

Fredericktown h. 

Fredericktown p.T. 

Fredericktown p.T. 

Fredonia p.h. 

Fredonia.™ p.T. 

Fredonia tp. 

Fredonia.™ p.T. 

Fredonia p.T. 

Fredonia tp. 

Fredonia p.T. 

Fredonia p.h. 

Fredonia p.b. 

Fredonia -p.tp. 

Freeborn tp. 

Freeborn p.h. 

Freeborn tp. 

Freeburg™ p.T. 

Freeburg .p.T. 

Freedntantown .t. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom p.tp. 

Freedom p.T. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom —tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom ^. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom p.T. 

Freedom ™.tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom ™.p.T. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom h. 

Freedom -.p.tp. 

Freedom...^ —tp. 


Coimty. 


Snasex 

Lee 

Garrett 

Oneida 

Fulton 

Queens 

Henry 

Schoharie  -.., 

Franklin 

Franklin 

York 

Carroll 

Baltimore 

Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus- 
Suffolk 

Randolph 

Randolph  ™.., 

Johnson 

Blair 

Blair 

Racine 

Madison 

Washoe 

Winneshiek- 
Winneshiek™ 


Martin 

Becker 

Buchanan 

Colleton 

Muskingnm... 

Monroe 

Crawford 

Kent 

Bremer.- 

Bremer , 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Frederick 

Montgomery ., 
Montgomery ., 
Montgomery  ., 
Washington..., 

Chickasaw , 

Chickasaw 

Miami 

Warren 

Wayne 

Blair 

Lebanon  

Gillespie 

SpottsylTania.. 

Columbiana 

Knox 

Washington-., 

Crawford- 

Louisa 

Plymouth 

Wilson 

Caldwell 

Calhoun 

Chautauqua.... 

Licking 

Mercer 

Ozaukee 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Dunklin 

St.  Clair 

Snyder 

Lincoln 

Carroll 

La  Salle 

Owen 

Palo  Alto.- 

Bourbon 

Phillips 

Republic 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Washtenaw.-.. 

Waseca 

Lafayette— 

Carroll „.... 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus-.. 

Henry 

Noble 

Portage- 

Wood 


Stete. 


N.J-.. 

Ill 

Md , 

N.Y-.. 

Pa 

N.  Y-.. 

Ky 

N.  Y™.. 

N.C 

N.  0.... 

Pa™ 

Md 

Md 

N.  Y™.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y.... 

N.  C 

N.  C„.. 
Iowa..., 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Wis 

Ind 

NeT 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
Minn.., 

Mo 

8.  C 

Ohio.... 
Iowa..., 
Mich... 

Del 

Iowa..., 
Iowa ..., 

Ill , 

111 

Md 

Pa. , 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio™.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Va. 

Ohio 

Ohio™... 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan™... 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  H..... 

N.  n.... 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio™... 
Ohio.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


767 


1,956 
305 
181 


1,559 


1,528 


1,653 


270 

271 

1,154 


827 
326 


956 

669 

8,626 

1,818 


160 
611 


64 
639 


480 

1,164 

4,046 

80 

690 


150 


155 

1,031 

2,646 

99 


1,688 


1,104 
920 


eii 

1,262 


161 
816 


716 


1,261 
832 

2,669 
737 


1,371 
812 


781 
1,089 


799 

7;w 

260 

352 

36 

267 

64 

77 

3,651 

484 

234 

38 

204 

1,989 

672 

128 

944 

366 

31 

1,753 

358 

96 

391 

113 

970 

168 

300 

269 

97 

43 

1,708 

484 

121 

171 

696 

614 

77 

489 

218 

8,669 

1,944 

104 

176 

256 

966 

203 

104 

52 

660 

179 

685 

1,086 

6,010 

70 

860 

160 

68 

167 

375 

923 

191 

1,097 

2,692 

86 

323 

1,839 

414 

72 

1,663 

1,038 

623 

226 

781 

1,163 

237 

268 

1,159 

391 

682 

652 

173 

1,373 

989 

2,895 

714 

168 

1,312 

1,236 

81 

804 

1,667 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
20 


s  In  1874,  from  part  of  BellTille. 


<  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  rednoed. 
297 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Freedom tp. 

Freedom p.b. 

Freedom >tp. 

Freedom h. 

Freedom p.tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freehold tp. 

Freehold .p.T. 

Freehold p.T. 

Freehold „ tp. 

Freehold p.T. 

Freeland p.v. 

Freeland tp. 

Freeland p.b. 

Freelandville p.T. 

Freeman p.tp. 

Freeman tp. 

Freeman p.T . 

Freeman p.tp, 

Freemansburg p.b. 

Freeport c. 

Freeport h. 

Freeport >. pJi. 

Freeport tp. 

Freeport p.T. 

Freeport p.T. 

Freeport p.T. 

Freeport tp. 

Freeport p.T. 

Freeport h. 

Freeport » t. 

Freeport p.b. 

Free  SoIL. p.tp 

Freetown p.tp 

Freetown tp. 

Freetown  Comera.„p.h. 

Frelinghnysen tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont h. 

Fremont „ tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont. tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp.^ 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont ~ tp. 

Fremont. tp. 

Fremont p.tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.^, 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont p.tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont c. 

Fremont pji. 

Fremont ~ t. 

Fremont. tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont  Centre p.T. 

Fremont  City t. 

French tp. 

Frenchburg p.T. 

French  Camps p.T. 

French  CorraL p.T. 

French  Creek™ p.tp. 

French  Creek p.tp. 

French  Creek t. 

French  Creek tp. 

French  Creek  1 tp. 

French  Gulch p.T. 

French  Lake p.tp. 

French  Lick p.tp. 

French's  Creek tp. 

Frenchtown tp. 

Frenchtown p.h. 

Frenchtown p.b. 

Frenchville tp. 

Freshwater ^. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


Adams 

Beaver 

Blair 

Venango 

Outagamie 

Sauk 

Monmouth ..... 
Monmouth.... 

Greene 

Warren- 

Warren 

Clear  Creek 

Lac  QuiParie 

Luzerne 

Knox  _ ^.,. 

Franklin 

Freeborn..;..... 

Cass 

Crawford 

Northampton. 

Stephenson 

Jackson 

Shelby 

Cumberland..., 
Cumberland..., 

Barry 

Qneena^. 

Harrison 

Harrison 

NVarren  _ >, 

Wood 

Armstronjf...., 

Mason 

Bristol 

Cortland. 

Cortland ., 

Warren- 

Santa  Clara...., 

Lake 

Carroll , 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Benton , 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Butler. 

Cedar , 

Clarke 

Fayette-. 

Hamilton.-...., 

Johnson 

Mahaska , 

Page 

Winneshiek..., 

Lyon 

Isabella , 

Saginaw , 

Sanilac- 

Tuscola 

Winona 

Dodge , 

Rockingham... 

Steuben , 

Snllivan 

Wayne 

Sandusky 

Chester , 

Snyder 

Clark , 

Waupaca , 

Waupaca , 

Newaygo 

Fremont 

Adams' 

Menifee 

Choctaw , 

Nevada 

Allamakee.... 
Chautauqua-. 

Lorain 

Mercer 

Venango 

Shasta 

Wright , 

Orange , 

Bladen , 

Monroe 

Missoula 

Hunterdon...., 

Aroostook. 

Oolnsa 


Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

N.J 

N.  J.-.. 
N.  Y... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ool 

Minn  .. 

Pii 

Ind 

Me 

Minn.. 

Mo 

Wia 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Mich... 

MSM... 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  J 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa.., 
Kan-., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 

Neb 

N.  H. ., 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  C..., 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Mich.., 
Iowa.. 

lud 

Kv 

Miss... 
Cal.... 
Iowa.., 
N.  T-. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Cal 

Minn.. 

Ind 

N.  C... 
Mich... 
Mon  -.. 

N.  J 

Me 

Cal 


1870.     1880. 


449 

634 

1,020 


1,330 

778 

4,231 


1,316 


608 
694 
157 

1,279 
643 

7,889 

'2,457 


1,016 


1,640 

142 

1,372 

906 


1,113 
2,018 
1,015 


962 
392 
946 
613 
654 
666 
1,160 
484 
499 
390 
966 


807 

661 

649 

342 

170 

640 

664 

1,006 

1,195 

527 

1,119 

2,218 


6,466 


661 


824 


791 
978 


999 
1,330 


221 
1,599 
1,176 
2,116 


912 
1,861 


.''>44 

623 

1,228 

56 

1,663 

1,332 

4,302 

2,432 

140 

1,574 

122 

447 

179 

624 

374 

649 

772 

309 

1,544 

634 

8,516 

86 

95 

2,279 

304 

166 

1,217 

1,319 

387 

86 

216 

1,614 

318 

1,329 

844 

79 

1,042 

2,163 

1,116 

63 

1,344 

632 

985 

888 

753 

791 

1,126 

670 

726 

668 

1,210 

143 

1,105 

692 

912 

850 

484 

1,188 

1,117 

893 

3,013 

624 

1,277 

2,026 

246 

8,446 

69 

100 

203 

879 

303 

902 

378 

1,032 

143 

420 

522 

761 

1,042 

294 

1,093 

1,286 

199 

689 

1,701 

1,372 

2,485 

50 

1,03& 

2,288 

1,496 


Place. 


..p.b. 
..p.T. 
..p.h. 

..p.T. 
..p.h. 
.p.T. 


Fresno  City p.T. 

Frewsburg p.T. 

Freystown h. 

Friar's  Point p.T. 

Friburg tp. 

Fridley p.tp. 

Frieden* p.h. 

Friedensburg v. 

Friedensburg p.h. 

Friend p.T. 

Friend's  Creek tp. 

Friendship p.h. 

Friendship p.tp. 

Friendship p.h 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship p.T, 

Friendship p.tp. 

Friendship p.h. 

Friendship t. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship p.T. 

Friendship p.T. 

Friendship— tp. 

FriendsTille p.T, 

FriendsTille 

FriendsTille 

Friendswood.... 

Frio  Town 

Frisco , 

Frisco , 

Fristoe.- tp. 

Fritztown p.h. 

Frizelburg p.T. 

Frohna pji. 

Frontenac p.T. 

Front  Boyal p.T. 

Frost tp. 

Frostburg p.h. 

Fruitland tp. 

Fruitport tp. 

Fruitport p.T. 

Fmitville tp. 

Fryburg p.T. 

Fryburg p.T. 

Fryeburg tp. 

Fryeburg p.h. 

Frye  Village t. 

Frystown t. 

Fugit tp. 

Fulda p.h. 

Fnlda p.T. 

Fulda p.h. 

FuUersburg p.T. 

Fullerton .......t. 

Fnllerv'lelronWks.p.T. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton pJu 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton  - T. 

Fulton tp. 

Pulton - p.T. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton  - p.T. 

Fulton  - p.T. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.h. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.tp. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton T. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton  Station T. 

Fultonville p.T. 

Funk's  GroTe tp. 

Funkstown p.T. 

Furnace -t. 

Furnace p.h. 

FurnaceTille .p.T. 

Furr tp. 


County. 


Fresno 

Chautauqua 

Berks 

Coahoma 

Otter  Tail 

Anoka , 

Somerset 

Berks , 

Schuylkill 

Saline , 

Macon , 

Bipley 

Knox 

Anne  Arundel 

Emmett 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Guilford 

Scioto 

Huntingdon 

Clarendon , 

Crockett 

Adams 

Fond  du  Lac 

Wabash 

Susquehanna , 

Blount 

Hendricks 

Frio 

Summit- 

Beaver 

Benton.- 

Berks , 

Carroll 

Perry 

Goodhue 

Warren 

Clare 

Jefferson 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Currituck 

Auglaize 

Clarion 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Essex 

York 

Decatur 

Spencer 

Murray 

Noble 

Du  Page 

McKean 

St.  Lawrence 

Hemi>stead 

Sonoma 

Whiteside , 

Whiteside 

Fountain , 

Jackson , 

Muscatine 

Webster , 

Bourbon 

Fulton 

Greenup 

Gratiot , 

Itawamba 

Callaway 

Callaway 

Oswego 

Schoharie 

Davie 

Davie 

Fulton 

Lancaster 

Clarendon 

Lauderdale 

Ohio 

Bock 

Bock 

Obion 

Montgomery 

McLean 

Washington 

Bristol 

Worcester 

Wayne 

Stanley 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Cal 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Miss 

Slinn ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Neb-.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Mil 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  V 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Ind 

Tex 

Col 

Utah.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Md 

Mo 

Minn ... 

Va 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ark 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 

Ky 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Miss-... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y„... 

N.C 

N.O. 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenn.... 
W.  Va... 

Wis 

Wis 

Tenn ... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Md 

Mass-... 
Mass..... 

N.  Y 

N.C 


379 


103 


1,638 
*"890 


l,i 

474 
1,348 


1,440 


76 
1,101 


223 


1,401 


70S 


600 


1,507 

i'eao 


149 


2,162 

1,876 

916 


1,276 
106 


1,170 
132 

4,666 
1,685 
3,507 
2,700 
2,320 


1,328 
1,1" 
1,087 


333 
2,168 


1,117 
818 
671 


1,044 


298 


1  Sinre  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


) 


OBbriel's  Creek tp. 

Gadsden ^ p.r. 

Gadsden .^.p.v, 

Gkiffney  City p.v, 

Oabanna p.v, 

Qaiues tp. 

Gaines p.v. 

Gaines tp. 

Gaines tp. 

Gaines p.r. 

Gaines p.tp. 

Gainesborough p.v. 

Gainesville.. 
Gainesville... 
Gainesville.. 
Gainesville 


....p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.tp. 
...p.v. 
...p.h. 
..p.h. 


Gainesville 

Gainesville 

Gainesville 

Gainesville 

Gainesville 

Gainsborough. 

Gainsborough v, 

Gale tp. 

Gale ....tp. 

Galen tp. 

Galena p.h. 

Galena .......c. 

Galena ......p.v. 

Ghdena tp. 

Galena ». p.v. 

Galena p.r. 

Cktlena tp. 

Galena tp. 

Galena .^ p.h. 

Galena p.v. 

Galena v. 

Gales tp. 

Galesbnrg c. 

Galesburg tp. 

Galesburg tp, 

Galesburg p.h. 

Galesburg p.h. 

Gale's  Ferry p.h, 

Galesville p.v. 

Galien ^^tp, 

Galien p.v. 

Galilee _tp. 

Galioa c. 

Galisteo v. 

Galivant's  Ferry..,.p.tp. 

Gallagherville v. 

Gallatia «.,.tp. 

Qallatia p.v. 

Gallatin tp. 

Gallatin p.v, 

Gallatin «.tp, 

(Jallatin m.p.v. 

Gallauher tp. 

Gallia  Famaoe p.v. 

Gallipolis c. 

Gallipolis tp. 

Gallitzin tp. 

Gallitzin .^ p.b. 

Gallman ^..p.h. 

Galloway tp. 

Galloway  1 tp. 

Galloway ..p.v. 

Galloway „p.h. 

Gallupville..... p.v. 

Gait p.h, 

Galva M. .....tp. 

Gal  va .....p.T. 

Galva ....tp. 

Galva ..^.p.h. 

Galveston p.v. 

Galveston mm...,c. 

Galway tp. 

Galway p.r.' 

Gambler ~,.p.v. 

Gamble ~^.tp, 

Ganges ..^..p.tp. 

Ganges .^ ...... ..p.h. 

GangMills.„ ....v. 

Ganier ..^tp. 

Gann p.v. 

Gansevoort. p.v. 

Gansville p.h. 

Gantt tp. 

Gap .^..„p.v. 

Gap  Civil ap. 


County. 


Itladlson 

Etowah 

Crockett 

Spartanburg 

Franklin 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Kent 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Tioga 

Jackson 

Sumter 

Greene 

Hall 

Allen 

Hancock 

Ozark 

Wyoming 

Cook 

Prince  William. 

Frederick 

Boanoke 

Marion 

Trempealeau  .... 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

Jo  Daviess 

Floyd 

La  Porte 

Cherokee 

Kent 

Martin , 

Jasper 

Stone , 

Delaware , 

Scioto 

Bedwood 

Knox 

Knox 

Kingman 

Neosho 

Jasper „, 

New  London 

Trempealeau 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Manitou 

Crawford 

Santa  F6 

Horry 

Chester 

Saline 

Saline 

Clay 

Daviess 

Columbia 

Sumner „, 

Clinton 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Copiah 

Christian^ „. 

Atlantic 

Franklin „..„ 

Fayette 

Schoharie- 

Whiteside 

Henry 

Henry 

Ida 

McPherson 

Cass 

Galveston  > 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Knox 

Lycoming. 

Allegan 

Bichland 

Steuben 

Kankakee 

Knox 

Saratoga 

Winn 

Greenville 

Lancaster 

Alleghany ^ 


State, 


N.  C.,., 

Ala 

Tenn,.. 

8.C 

Ohio..,, 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
N.T...„ 
N,  T.,.. 

Pa 

Tenn  .. 

Ala 

Ark 

Ga 

Ky 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  T 

Tex 

Va 

Va 

Va 

Kan 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Dakota, 

111 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan„.„ 

Md 

Mino ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Minn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Conn ... 
Wis.-.., 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.,,. 

Ohio 

N.Mex. 
S.  C... 

Pa. 

Ill 

111-.,.. 
Mo ..,. 
Mo .... 
N.  T.., 
Tenn.. 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.., 

Pa. 

Pa 

Miss... 
Mo .... 
N,  J,-. 
Ohio.., 
Tenn ., 
N,  T-. 
111-.,,. 

Ill , 

111 

Iowa,., 
Kan.., 

Ind 

Tex.-,. 
N.  T-„ 
N,  Y..,. 
Ohio .., 

Pa, 

Mich.,. 
Ohio-,. 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ohio-., 
N.  Y-.. 

La. 

8,  C 

Pa 

N,  0-,. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,316 


1,205 

2,196 

250 

440 


472 


71 


1,612 


1,450 
5,706 


7,019 


867 


307 


10,158 

878 


1,068 
856 


3,523 


1,089 
'1*319 


2^1 


1,416 

2,123 

252 


3,711 
868 
977 


480 
2,860 


3,096 
2,160 


390 

13,818 

2,174 


581 


1,255 


1,582 
169 


844 


],.172 

1,697 

231 

400 

235 

1,782 

344 

1,369 

2,338 

186 

508 

352 

960 

284 

1,919 

153 

207 

165 

1,787 

2,667 

80 

66 

341 

866 

1,786 

6,461 

59 

6,451 

175 

940 

1,463 

347 

188 

6,966 

85 

250 

214 

195 

11,437 

748 

351 

63 

81 

97 

410 

1,292 

413 

177 

6,635 

506 

1,111 

107 

1,874 

674 

2,772 

1,141 

1,252 

1,938 

385 

136 

4,400 

827 

437 

799 

83 

776 

2^7 

182 

91 

258 

86 

3,000 

2,148 

320 

87 

415 

22,248 

1,902 

187 

676 

779 

1,403 

98 

372 

1,391 

153 

169 

47 

1,732 

286 

1,512 


Place, 


Garberville p.h. 

Garbuttsville v. 

Garden p.tp, 

Garden tp,  ' 

Garden tp. 

Garden  City tp. 

Garden  City p.v. 

Garden  City p.v. 

Garden  City p.v. 

Garden  Grove tp. 

Garden  Grove p.v. 

Garden  Plain p.tp. 

Garden  Plain p.tp. 

Garden  Prairie p.v. 

Garden  Valley tp, 

Gardenville p,v, 

Gardenville p.v. 

Gardenville p.h. 

Gardiner p.tp. 

Gardiner tp. 

Gardiner p.v, 

Gardiner's  lBland..i8l, 

Gardner p.v. 

Gardner tp. 

Gardner >...tp. 

Gardner p.r, 

Gardner p.tp. 

Gardner tp. 

Gardner's tp. 

Gardner's  Ferry  ....v. 
Gardner's  Station... p. y. 

Grardnersville p.h. 

Garfield p.v, 

Garfield tp. 

Garfield p.v. 

Garfield p.v. 

Garland p.tp. 

Garland p,T. 

Garlick  Falls h. 

Gramavillo tp, 

Gamavillo p.v. 

Garner. p.v. 

Garner, tp. 

Garner  Station p.v, 

Gamett p.v, 

Garnettsville p.v, 

Garoga p,h, 

Garrett. tp. 

Garrett ......p.v. 

Garrett. p.v. 

Garrett ....p.h. 

Garrettsville ....p.v. 

Garrison ....p.v. 

Garrison ,.,p.v. 

Garrison's p.v. 

Garvin tp. 

Garwin p.h. 

Garysburg p.h. 

Gasconade tp. 

Gasconade '. tp, 

Gaakill tp. 

Gasper tp. 

Gas  port p.v, 

Gassett's  Station.., .p.b. 

Gaston -tp. 

Gastonia p.v. 

Gates p.tp. 

Gates'  Mills p.h, 

Gatesville tp. 

Gatesville p.v, 

Gatesville p,T, 

Gaultney's tp. 

Gay. tp. 

Gay  Head p.tp, 

Gaylesvllle ....-p.v. 

Gaylord p.v. 

Gaylord p.v, 

Gaylordsville p,v. 

Gayoso tp, 

Gayoso -.p,v, 

Gaysport h, 

Gaysport b. 

Gaysville p.y. 

Ga.yville v. 

Gayville m p.h. 

Gazzaville v. 

Geddes - tp, 

Geddes ..^ p.v. 

Geigersville p.h. 

Geigersville p.v. 

Gelatt „..p.h. 


County, 


Humboldt. , 

Monroe , 

Boone , 

Cherokee , 

Harvey 

Blue  Earth 

Blue  Earth 

Queens 

Bich , 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Whiteside 

Sedgwick 

Boone 

Jackson 

Baltimore , 

Erie 

Bucks 

Kennebec- 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Suffolk 

Grundy 

Sangamon 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Worcester. 

Door 

Wilson 

Lackawanna 

Weakley 

Pendleton 

Chaffee.- 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Mahoning 

Penobscot 

Warren 

Clinton 

Clayton 

Clayton 

Hancock 

Pottawattamie. ,. 

Yalabusha 

Anderson 

Meade 

Fnlton 

Douglas 

DeKalb 

Somerset 

Meade 

Portage 

Benton 

Pottawatomie.-,, 

Putnam 

Anderson 

Tama 

Northampton , 

Laclede 

Wright „.„ 

Jefferson 

Preble 

Niagara 

Windsor 

Northampton 

Gaston 

Monroe 

Cuyahoga, 

Gates 

Gates 

Coryell 

Alexander 

Taylor 

Dukes 

Cherokee , 

Smith 

Otsego 

Litchfield-. 

Pemiscot 

Pemiscot 

Muskingum 

Blair 

Windsor 

Lawrence 

Yankton 

Providence 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Yell 

Carter 

Susquehanna. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


1,391 

368 


859 


1,091 


67i 


4,497 
1,991 


940 

1,270 

944 


3,333 

403 

1,178 


1,306 


1,226 


1,219 


Cal.., 

N.Y. 

Iowa. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Minn ... 

Minn .. 

N.  Y..,. 

Utah... 

Iowa. .. 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Kan.,.. 

Ill 

Wis 

Md 

N.  Y„„ 

Pa. 

Me 

N.  Y-.. 

X.  V„„ 

N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan-.. 

Kan  -„ 

Mass.,. 

Wis 

N.  0-., 

Pa 

Tenn .., 

Ky 

Col 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Me 

Pa 

N,  Y„... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..,. 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.,.. 

Miss..., 

Kan 

Ky 

N,  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ky 

Ohio 

Iowa.,.. 
Kan  -... 
N.  Y.,... 

S,  C 

Iowa..., 

N.  C 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio 

N,  Y 

Vt- 

N.  C-„. 
N.  C-... 

N,  Y 

Ohio-,., 

N.  0 

N,  0. 

Tex 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 
Mass.,., 

Ala 

Kan 

Mich..,. 
Conn.,.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio — 

Pa- 

Vt 

Dakota. 
Dakota. 

R.  I 

N.Y I    4,606 

N.Y-..,j     3,629 

Ark .. 

Ky I.. 

Pa. 


1,699 


668 


1,677 


656 


2,310 


3,541 


1,166 
156 


1,126 
248 
160 


463 


799 


48 
172 
»2« 

1,134 
628 
817 
29? 
674 
127 

1,190 
649 

1,119 
531 
140 

1,111 

449 

294 

69 

4,439 

1,794 
130 
40 
786 

1,246 

1,321 
203 

4,988 
603 

1,469 
128 
2Krt 
'J4 
140 
446 
100 
196 

1,211 

422 

67 

1,176 
345 
321 
903 
166 

1,389 

176 

59 

1,643 

1,268 
253 
25 
969 
255 
145 
127 

2,239 

99 

97 

729 

1,233 

640 

863 

267 

62 

3,088 
236 

1,988 
99 

1,363 
187 
434 

1,321 
661 
161 
183 
231 
29-2 
242 

771 

148 
88 

764 

311 

ISO 
67 

146 

7,088 

4.283 

77 

362 
47 


>  In  1880.  exclusive  of  Egg  Harbor  City. 


299 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Oeneeee tp. 

Oeneeee ....tp. 

Genesee p.h. 

Genesee tp. 

Gtonesee tp. 

Genesee tp. 

Genesee tp. 

Genesee  Falls p.tp. 

Geneeeo tp. 

Geneseo p.  v. 

Geneseo tp. 

Geneseo tp. 

Geneseo tp. 

Geneseo p.T. 

Geneva. p.T. 

Geneva tp. 

Geneva. p.v. 

Geneva. p.v. 

Geneva. tp. 

Geneva. p.tp. 

Geneva tp. 

Geneva p.h. 

Geneva tp. 

Geneva. tp. 

Geneva p.tp, 

Geneva p.v. 

Geneva.. tp. 

Geneva. o. 

Geneva. tp. 

Geneva. p.v. 

Geneva. p.b. 

Geneva. tp. 

Geneva. p.v. 

Genntown h. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa p.h. 

Genoa p.tp, 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa v. 

GentryvlUe p.v. 

George  ~ tp. 

George  - v. 

Georges tp. 

George's  Creek tp. 

Georges  ville p.h. 

Georgetown h. 

Georgetown „..tp. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown hnd. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown c. 

Georgetown p.v. 

CJeorgetown p.v. 

Georgetown tp. 

Gteorgetown p.v. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.tp. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown p.tp. 

Georgetown p.tp. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

G  eorgeto  wn tp. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetown p.v, 

Georgetown p.h. 

Georgetown p.v. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetown p.v. 

George  vllle p.v. 

Georgia tp. 

Georgia p.v. 

Georgia  City p.h. 

300 


County. 


Whiteside 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Kandiyohi ... 
Alleghany.... 

Potter 

Waukesha.... 
Wyoming-... 

Henry 

Henry 

Cerro  Gordo .. 

Tama 

Livingston ... 
Livingston ... 

Talbot 

Kane 

Kane„ 

Adams 

Jennings—... 

Franklin 

Allen 

Allen 

Midland 

Van  Buren... 

Freeborn 

Fillmore ...... 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ashtabula..... 
Ashtabula..... 

Crawford 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Warren 

DeKalb 

DeKalb 

Wayne 

Livingston ... 

Nance 

Douglas. 

Cayuga._ 

Cayuga. 

Delaware 

Ottawa  .„ 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Walworth 

Gentry 

Colleton 

Colleton 

Fayette 

Barnwell.-... 

Franklin 

Pope 

El  Dorado 

EI  Dorado.... 
Clear  Creek... 

Fairfield 

Sussex. 

Sussex 


Quitman 

Bear  Lake.... 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Scott „... 

Sagadahoc... 
Baltimore..... 

Kent 

Essex 

Ottawa 

Pettis 

Burlington... 

Grant 

Madison 

Madison 

Brown , 

Columbiana . 

Harrison 

Beaver , 

Lancaster.... 
Georgetown . 
Georgetown . 

Mei°;8 , 

Williamson.. 

Polk 

Grant. 

Indiana....... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Jasper , 


State. 


ni 

Mich., 
Mich.. 
Minn, 
N.  Y... 

Pa. 

Wis..., 
K.  Y.., 

ni 

Ill 

Iowa., 
Iowa., 
N.  Y.. 
N.Y-, 
Ga...... 

ni , 

III 

Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Iowa.. 
Kan.. 
Kan- 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Neb.„, 
K.  Y„ 
N.  Y- 
Ohlo.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Wis-. 
Wis... 
Ohio.. 

HI 

Ill 

Iowa. 
Mich. 
Neb._ 
Nev.- 
N.Y- 
N.  Y- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Wis 

Wis... 
Wis... 
Mo.... 
8. 0... 
8.C... 
Pa_... 
8.  C... 
Ohio.. 
Ark... 
Cal.... 
Cal.... 
CoL... 
Conn. 
Del ... 
Del ... 
D.  0... 

Ga 

Idaho, 
111..... 

Ill , 

Ind..., 
Ind..., 

Ky 

Me.... 

Md ..., 

Md.... 

Mass. 

Mich., 

Mo.... 

N.J... 

N.  Mex. 

N.Y. 

N.  Y., 

Ohio., 

Ohio., 

Ohio. 

Pa...,, 

Pa.... 

8.  C, 

S.  C, 

Tenn 

Tex- 

Wis.. 

Wis.. 

Pa-.. 

Vt...., 

Vt-.. 

Mo... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,271 
1,666 


361 
888 
767 

1,462 
979 

4,081 

3,042 
240 
680 

3,032 


2,037 
445 
634 


1,086 
378 


6,621 
2,298 
1,090 


1,040 

""wi 


992 


2,296 


1,060 
668 
686 


266 


2,644 
1,296 


802 


1,863 

•710 

11,384 

263 


2,237 


1,424 


1,670 
1,136 


2,088 
1,474 


1,423 


1,037 


297 


3,620 
2,080 


479 


1,603 


1,440 

1,637 

88 

643 

974 

883 

1,368 
860 

4,671 

3,618 
773 
694 

8,340 

1,925 
254 

1,646 

1,239 
467 

2,103 
826 
673 
68 
237 

1,311 
464 
376 

7,412 

6,878 

3,167 

1,903 
346 

2,899 

1,969 
99 

1,285 

449 

44 

1,008 
187 
313 

2,617 
397 

1,045 
930 
919 
150 
303 
298 

2,028 
279 

3,332 

2,063 
97 
92 

1,217 
415 

3,294 
159 

2,273 

895 

12,578 

245 

134 

2,608 
741 

1,562 
218 

2,061 

1,080 
198 
181 

2,231 

1,815 
299 
100 
540 

1,490 
270 

1,293 
196 
130 
288 
204 

4,233 

2,557 
65 

1,354 
123 
125 
104 

1,504 
164 
93 


Place. 


Georgiana p.v. 

Georgiana tp. 

Gerardstown p.v. 

Gerlaw p.h. 

German tp. 

German >. tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German. tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German ^. 

German >. p.h, 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German p.tp. 

German tp. 

German ^. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German  Flats- tp. 

Germanla tp. 

Germania p.T. 

Germania (.^....p.T. 

GermansTille -h. 

Germanton.- p.T. 

Germantown tp. 

Germantown ....p.T. 

Germantown T. 

Germantown t. 

Germantown tp. 

Germantown pJi. 

Germantown -p.tp. 

Germantown p.T. 

Germantown h. 

Germantown t. 

Germantown t. 

Germantown p.T. 

Germantown T. 

Germantown tp. 

Germantown p.h. 

Germantown tp. 

German  Valley p.T. 

Oermanville tp. 

Germanvllle ^. 

Germany  - tp. 

Gerrish tp. 

Gerry p.tp, 

Gertrude. p.b. 

Gervais. p.v. 

Gesellsville. h. 

Gessie p.T. 

Getty p.tp. 

Gettysburg -p.^. 

Gettysburg p.v. 

Gettysburg „v. 

Gettysburg  - p.b. 

G«ttysbarg  - v. 

Ghent p.T. 

Ghent p.tp, 

Glard tp. 

Giard p.T. 

Gibbon  - p.T. 

Gibbsborough- t. 

Gibesonville p.h. 

Gibraltar  - tp. 

Gibson tp. 

Gibson p.v. 

Gibson p.T. 

Gibson.- T. 

Gibson-. tp. 

Gibson.- p.v. 

Gibson.- tp. 

Gibaon— tp. 

Gibson.- tp. 

Gibson p.v. 

Gibson p.v. 

Gibson tp. 

Gibsonburg- p.v. 

Glbsonton v. 

Gibsonville p.v. 

Giddings p.T. 

Giddy  Swamp tp. 

Giesborough t. 

Gifford p.T. 

Gifford p.h. 

Gilbert  Hollow tp. 


County. 

State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Butler 

Ala 

277 

Sacramento.- 

Cal 

W.  Va,- 

HI 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y_... 
N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

K.  Y 

Minn ... 

Pa 

WiB 

1,066 

"l*,040 
1,302 
2,233 

651 
1,683 

839 

'"ijiii 

868 
712 

"T,462 
1,750 
1,918 
1,743 
2,479 
1,227 
1,408 
3,197 
1,911 
6,718 

1,692 
239 

50 

Bichland 

1,079 

Bartholomew 

Marshall 

1,265 
3,348 

St.  Joseph 

578 

Vanderburg 

Grundy  _ 

1,541 
1,146 

191 

Keokuk 

1,385 

Smith 

1,200 

1^ 

1,474 

664 

38 

Allen 

1,589 

2,239 

Clark ., 

Darke 

2,100 
1,809 

Fulton 

2,989 

Harrison 

1,311 
1,517 

Montgomery 

Fayette- 

3,461 

1,834 

6,746 

Todd 

81 

Potter 

101 

113 

Lehigh  - 

Pa 

87 

Stokes 

N.  0 

Ill 

HL 

HI 

Ill 

"T,064 
891 

139 

Clinton.- 

1,177 

Clinton.- - 

493 
640 

188 

Cottonwood- 

Seward - 

Minn... 
Neb....- 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 



268 

7 

1,393 
1,440 

1,008 

Montgomery 

Washington- 

1,618 
49 

Pa. 

300 

Pa 

139 

Shelby 

Tenn..., 

Va - 

Wis 

Wis 

197 

693 

223 

Bath - „. 

18fl 
681 

Juneau 

Washington- 

Morris 

69 

Wis 

N.  J 

1,954 

1,978 
130 

HI 

8.0 

Pa 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Oregon. 

Ohio 

Ind 

369 

1,438 

880 

""i*096 

647 

Edgefield 

1,383 

1,002 

Roscommon- 

Chautauqua 

Jack 

214 

1,176 

43 

202 

Fairfield. 

68 

66 

108 

Minn ... 
Kan 

366 

538 

610 

Darke ^.. 

Preble 

Ohio 

Ohio 

228 

292 
119 

Pa. 

Pa 

3,074 

2,814 

161 

Carroll 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Neb 

464 
2,886 
1.294 

387 

Columbia.- 

2,963 
1,390 

100 

Bufialo 

164 

Camden- 

N.J-.... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Cal 

Ga. 

"■"466 
620 

176 
72 

Door 

832 

368 

123 

Ford 

HI 

1,260 

HL 

182 

Washington 

Ind 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa, 

Pa. 

Pa 

1,626 
372 
1,100 
1,236 
1,368 

1,680 
278 

1,462 

700 

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna 

Gibson 

1,360 
154 

Tenn.... 

131 

Wis 

Ohio 

1,638 

1,739 

589 

Westmoreland 

Guilford 

Pa 

180 

N.  0 

111 

Tex 

624 

S.O 

D.C-.„ 
111 

368 

609 

Washington 

201 
124 

Hardin 

92 

Lexington 

8.0. — 

878 

1,785 

POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KBTURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUCA. 


I 


Gilbert  Hollow p.T. 

Oilberton p.b. 

Gilbertsville p.  v. 

Oilbertrllle p.  v. 

Gilbertvllle p.r. 

Qilboa tp. 

Gilboa tp. 

Gllboa p.T. 

Gilboa p.T. 

Gilchrist p.tp. 

Gilead p.tp, 

Gilead p.v. 

Gilead tp. 

Gilead p.b. 

Gilead „ p.tp. 

Gilead tp. 

Gilford p.tp, 

Gilford.. tp. 

Gill. tp. 

Gill p.tp. 

Gillam tp. 

Gillespie tp. 

Gillespie p.T. 

Gillett p.tp, 

Gillett's  GroTe p.tp. 

Gillford tp. 

Gilliam p.b. 

Gillis  Bluff. tp. 

Glllmore tp. 

Gill's  Creek tp. 

Gilman p.T. 

Gilman p.T. 

Gilmau tp. 

Gilman tp. 

Gilman p.tp, 

Gilman  ton tp. 

Gilmanton p.tp. 

GilmantoD  ^ tp. 

Gilmanton p.b. 

GilmantonIroDW'ks.pT 

Gilmer tp. 

Gilmer  „ tp. 

Gilmer „ p.v. 

Gilmore p.tp. 

Gilmore p.v. 

Gilmore tp. 

Gilpin tp. 

Gilroy tp. 

Gilroy p.v. 

Oilsum tp. 

GllBum p.T. 

Ginghamsburg p.T. 

Girard tp. 

Girard p.T. 

Girard p.v. 

Girard tp. 

Girard p.v. 

Girard tp. 

Girard tp. 

Girard p.T. 

GirardTille p.T. 

Oiah'8  Mills. p.T. 

OiTham tp. 

Olade p.T. 

Glade tp. 

Glade  City t. 

Glade  Creek p.tp. 

Glade  Spring p.v. 

Gladewater p.T. 

Gladstone p.b. 

Gladwin p.tp. 

Glaize tp. 

Glasco p.T. 

Glasco p.v. 

GUsford p.T. 

Glasgow p.T, 

Glasgow p.T. 

Glasgow p.b. 

Glasgow p.v. 

Glasgow p.tp. 

OUagow p.v. 

Glasgow V. 

Glasgow b. 

Glasgow  City  „ v. 

Olassborongh p.tp. 

Glastonbury p.tp. 

Glastonbury p.tp. 

Gleeeon  Statioi^ p.v. 

Glen p.tp. 

Glen  Allen p.b. 

Glen  Arbor* p.tp. 


Coanty. 


Lexington 

ScbuylkiU 

Montgomery. 

Black  Hawk 

Worcester 

Benton 

Schobarie 

Scbobarie 

Putnam 

Pope 

Calhoun 

Miami 

Oxford , 

Oxford , 

Brancb 

Morrow 

Tuscola 

Belknap 

Sullivun 

Franklin 

Jasper 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Oconto 

Clay 

Wabasba , 

Saline , 

Butler. , 

Isabella. , 

Lancaster 

Iroquois 

Marshall 

Osceola 

Nemaha. 

Pierce , 

Benton 

Belknap , 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Belknap , 

Adams 

Guilford 

Upshur 

Benzie 

Tuscarawas 

Greene , 

Armstrong 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Clara 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Miami 

Macoupin 

Macoupin... 

Crawford , 

Brancb , 

Brancb 

Clearfield 

Erie , 

Brie 

Schuylkill 

Boanoke 

Colleton 

Somerset 

Warren 

Warren , 

Alleghany 

Washington 

Gregg 

San  Juan 

Gladwin 

Miller 

Cloud , 

Ulster , 

Peoria , 

Newcastle 

Scott 

Jefferson , 

Barren 

Wabasha , 

Howard 

Tuscarawas , 

BeaTer , 

Monroe , 

Gloucester , 

Hartford , 

Bennington 

Weakley 

Montgomery 

Bollinger 

Leelenaw 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


S.  0 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Ma.s8 .... 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Minn.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

N.  H 

Ind 

Mass 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Minn  ... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mich. 
S.C... 

Ill , 

Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Wis... 
Minn 
N.  H.. 
Wis... 
Wis... 
N.  H.. 

Ill 

N.C... 
Tex... 
Mich. 
Ohio„ 

Pa 

Pa 

Cal.... 
Cal.... 
N.H.. 
N.H.. 
Ohio.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.., 
Mich. 
Mich. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Va.... 
8.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.C„. 
Va..... 
Tex... 
Col.... 
Mich. 
Mo.... 
Kan.., 
N.  Y.. 

Ill 

Del ... 

Ill 

Iowa., 

Ky 

Minn , 
Mo...., 
Ohio.., 

Pa. 

Ill 

N.J... 
Conn., 

Vt 

Tenu., 
N.  Y„, 

Mo 

Mich.. 


462 
2,227 


315 
169 
498 


329 


794 
2,017 

353 
3;,361 
2,136 

653 

636 


268 

"iii 


203 

88 

2,040 


503 

193 

1,642 

716 


1,426 
2,311 


169 
133 
703 


3,195 

1,626 

690 


1,230 


490 

2,018 

704 


899 
640 


608 


733 
1,' 
1,796 


3,660 
119 


2,782 
""406 


141 

3,098 

284 

155 

1,030 

921 

2,040 

293 

287 

333 

611 

158 

293 

71 

818 

2,653 

761 

2,821 

2,200 

733 

681 

1,419 

4:^2 

637 

181 

955 

66 

172 

261 

2,841 

1,299 

553 

317 

637 

888 

461 

1,485 

540 

58 

189 

1,296 

3,124 

386 

494 

116 

874 

1,190 

3,254 

1,621 

663 

264 

114 

1,636 

1,024 

1,289 

1,326 

179 

675 

2,338 

1,152 

2,730 

168 

1,306 

109 

1,622 

672 

817 

262 

163 

20 

467 

1,688 

207 

900 

164 

101 

249 

86 

1,610 

694 

1,841 

371 

673 

148 

2.088 

3,680 

241 

121 

2,622 

26 

329 


Place. 


...p.h. 

....p.T. 
,...p.T. 
,...p.tp. 
,...p.b. 
...p.h. 
p.T. 


Glen  Aubrey... 
Glenbeulah .... 
Glen  Brook  „.., 

Glenburn , 

Glenburn , 

Glencoe 

Glencoe 

GlencoG tp, 

Glencoe p.T. 

Glencoe tp. 

Glencoe tp. 

Glencoe p.T. 

Glencoe p.h. 

Glencoe p.T. 

Glencoe p.tp. 

Glencoe  Mills p.T. 

Glendale. tp. 

Glendale p.T. 

Glendale tp. 

Glendale p.v. 

Glendale p.v. 

Glendale p.T. 

Glendale t. 

Glendale p.T. 

Glendale tp. 

Glendale p.T. 

Glendon b. 

Glendorado tp. 

Glen  Klder tp. 

Glen  Elder p.T. 

Glenerie t. 

Glenfield p.b. 

Glenham p.T. 

Glen  Haven tp. 

Glen  Haven p.v. 

Glen  Hope p.v. 

Glenmore p.h. 

Glenmore tp. 

Glenn  Spring tp. 

Glenn  Springs p.v. 

Glennville p.h. 

Glen  Biddle 

Glen  Bock 

Glen  Bose 

Glensdale 

Glens  Falls. 

Glenville p.T, 

Glenville b. 

Glenville ....b. 

Glenville.. h. 

Glenville  ~ p.h. 

Glenville p.tp, 

Glenville v. 

Glenville p.v. 

GlenTille p.v. 

Glenwood.. h. 

Glenwood p.v. 

Glenwood' tp. 

Glenwood „...p.T. 

Glenwood tp. 

Glenwood tp. 

Glenwood p.tp, 

Glenwood p.tp. 

Glenwood tp. 

Glenwood p.v. 

Glenwood t. 

Glenwood p.T. 

Glesson ^. 

Gliddeo tp. 

Glidden. p.T. 

Globe p.T. 

Globe tp. 

Glocester. ^. 

Gloucester c. 

Gloucester tp. 

Gloucester tp. 

Gloucester  City c. 

Gloucester  Point....pJi. 

GIOTer „ tp. 

GloTer p.tp. 

Gloversville p.v. 

Glyndon p.v. 

Gnadenhtttten. p.T. 

Gnesen... tp. 

GobleTille p.T. 

Godair„ tp. 

Godfrey tp. 

Godfrey p.h. 

GoeH  Station p.T. 

Goettee tp. 

Goewey tp. 


.p.v. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
..p.T. 


County. 


Broome 

Sheboygan 

Douglas 

Penobecot 

Lackawanna... 

Volusia. 

Cook 

Butler , 

Gallatin , 

Lake 

McLeod 

McLeod 

St  Louis 

Belmont 

Buffalo 

Columbia 

Saline 

Berkshire 

Scott 

Beaver  Head.. 

Lewis 

Hamilton 

Providence.... 

Kane.„ 

Monroe  « , 

Monroe , 

Northampton . 

Benton 

Mitchell 

MitcheU 

Ulster 

Alleghany , 

Dutchess 

Grant 

Grant 

Clearfield....... 

Oneida , 

Brown 

Spartanburg .. 
Spartanburg.., 

Barbour 

Delaware. 

York 

Somerville ... . 

Lewis 

Warren 

Fairfield. 

Adair 

McLean 

Washington... 

Clay 

Schenectady... 
Westchester... 

Cuyahoga. 

Gilmer 

Iroquois 

Bush 

Mills 

Mills 

Winneshiek..., 

Phillips. , 

Aroostook...... 

Pope 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Queens , 

Susquehanna., 

Duplin 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Pinal 

Caldwell , 

Providence...., 

Essex 

Camden 

Transylvania., 

Camden 

Gloucester , 

Colleton 

Orleans.. 

Fulton 

Clay 

Tuscarawas 

St  Louis 

Van  Buren 

Pemiscot 

Madison 

Madison 

Greene 

Hampton 

Osceola. 


State. 


N.Y.. 
Wis... 
Nev... 
Me.... 

Pa 

Fla... 

Ill 

Kan .. 
Ky.... 
Mich. 
Minn 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 
Wis... 
N.  Y_ 
Kan.. 
Mass. 
Minn 
Mon.. 
N.  Y. 
Ohio.. 
R.  I... 
Utah. 
Wis... 
Wis... 

Pa 

Minn.... 
Kan. 
Kan. 
N.  Y. 

Pa 

N.  Y., 
Wis.., 
Wis.., 
Pa..., 
N.Y., 
Wis.., 
S.  C, 
8.  O.., 
Ala.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex... 
N.Y., 
N.  Y.. 
Conn, 
Ky..., 
Ky.... 
Ky..., 
Neb.. 
N.Y. 
N.  Y. 
Ohio., 
W.Va.> 

111 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 

Pa 

N.  0.-.. 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Arizona 

N.C. 

R.I. 

Mass.... 

N.  J.. 

N.C. 

N.  J.. 

Va... 

S.C... 

Vt.... 

N.  Y„ 

Minn, 

Ohio.. 

Minn 

Mich, 

Mo.... 

Ill 

ni 

Ohio.. 
8. 0... 
Iowa. 


Popalation. 


1870.      1880, 


720 


487 


676 


387 
'1,780 


679 


707 

139 

25 


924 
1,177 


730 
1,814 


637 
"^600 


2,973 


174 


2,133 
1,291 
1,196 


186 

214 

lAOl 


481 
408 
177 


2,386 

16,389 

2,710 

372 

3,682 


1,102 
1,178 
4,618 


284 


2,163 


2,319 


97 
875 
336 
656 
289 
98 
387 
648 
181 
126 
680 

1,078 
60 
162 
862 
100 
335 
417 
375 
678 
111 

1,400 
185 
172 

1,401 
153 
982 
211 
847 
165 
124 
638 

1,363 

1,022 

184 

164 

60 

1,070 

2,546 
219 
99 
416 
661 
132 
111 

4,900 
482 
84 
63 
49 
54 

2,746 
183 
797 
236 
67 
216 

2,376 

1,793 

1,192 
388 
198 
464 

1,316 
623 
160 
176 
692 

1,112 
684 
704 
670 

2,260 
19,329 

2,627 
377 

6,347 
72 

1,337 

1,066 

7,133 

406 

336 

29 

861 

267 

2,277 

86 

103 

3,077 

337 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Stace  1870,  ares  reduced. 


801 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Goffg ~.p.h. 

Goflatown tp. 

Goffstown p.v. 

Goffetown  Centre...p.T. 

Oolconda p.v. 

Gold tp. 

Golden p.v. 

Golden p.v. 

Golden tp. 

Golden  Belt tp. 

Golden  City p.h. 

Golden  City ....tp. 

Golden  City p.v. 

Golden  Dale p.r. 

Golden  Valley tp. 

Goldfleld p.b. 

Gold  Hill p.v. 

Gold  Hill tp. 

Gold  Hill ........p.v. 

Gold  Mine tp. 

Gold  Ban p.v. 

Goldsberry tp. 

Goldsborough tp. 

Goldsborough p.v. 

OoldBborongh b. 

Goldsmith p.v. 

Ckliad .p.v. 

Oomer „ tp. 

Qomer „.p.h. 

Gonic p.v. 

Gonzales p.v. 

Gonzales ~.p.v. 

Goodby's ~.tp. 

Goode tp. 

GoodelPs  Landing..h. 

Goodfarm tp. 

Good  Ground. p.v. 

Good  Hope p.v. 

Good  Hope p.b. 

Good  Hope tp. 

Goodhoe tp. 

Goodland p.v. 

Goodland ^ p.tp. 

Goodland  1 tp. 

GoodlettsTllle p.v. 

Goodman p.v. 

Goodrich tp. 

Goodrich .p.v, 

Goodson V. 

Good  Thunder  Ford.p.v. 

Goodwin p.b. 

Goodwin tp. 

Goodwin p.v. 

Goodwin's  Mills. ....p.v. 

Goose  Creek tp. 

Goose  Lake tp. 

Goose  Lake pJi. 

Goose  Neet tp. 

Gordon p.v. 

Gordon p.v. 

Gordon tp. 

Gordon p.v. 

Gordonsville p.v. 

Gordonsville ....p.v. 

Gordonsville ....p.v, 

Oordonvllle ....p.h. 

Gore ......tp. 

Gore tp. 

Goresborg v. 

Goreville .tp. 

Qoreville » .p.h. 

Gorbam tp. 

Gorham p.v. 

Gorbam ..» p.tp. 

Gorham tp. 

Gorbam p.v. 

Gorbam tp. 

Gorman tp, 

(}ortou ...tp. 

Goshen...,. ,tp. 

Goehen ~..p.v. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen c. 

Goshen ~ tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen p.h. 

Goahen ...p.tp. 

Goshen p.h. 

Goshen .p.tp. 

Goshen .p.v. 

Goshen ,tp. 


County. 


Nemaha 

Hillsborough... 
Hlllsborougb... 
Hillsborough... 

Pope 

Bureau 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Oceana 

Lincoln 

Tuolumne 

Barton 

Barton 

Klikitat 

Rutherford 

Wright 

Storey mm.,. 

Bowan 

Bo  wan »m.., 

Franklin 

Placer ^m... 

Howell 

Wayne ^ 

Wayne 

York 

Tipton 

Goliad 

Caldwell 

Allen  „ 

Strafford 

Monterey  „ 

Gonzales 

Orangeburg 

Franklin 

Whatcom. 

Grundy 

Suffolk 

McBonongb 

Fayette 

Hocking 

Goodhue 

Newton 

Lapeer 

Orangeburg 

Davidson ^.. 

Holmes  „ 

Crawford 

Genesee 

Washington 

Blue  Earth 

St.  Francis 

Plumas. 

Deuel 

York 

Piatt M 

Modoc 

Clinton. 

Mai  tin 

Henry 

Wilkinson 

Todd 

Schuylkill 

Logan. 

Smith .»..., 

Orange 

Cape  Girardeau 

Sumner 

Huron 

Boyle 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Coos 

Ontario 

Ontario , 

Fulton 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Litchfield 

Litchfield- 

Stark 

Elkhart 

Muscatine 

Clay 

Oldham 

Hampshire 

Merter 

Sullivan 

Cape  May 

Orange 


State, 


Kan.. 
N.H.. 
N.  H. 
N.  H„ 

111 

HI 

Col..,. 

HI 

Mich. 
Kan.. 
Cal... 
Mo... 
Mo ... 
Wash 
N.  C. 
Iowa. 
Nev... 
N.  0.., 
N.  C. 
N.  C_„, 
Cal .... 
Mo  ...„ 
N.  0... 
N.  0... 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Tex.,.. 
Mo  ..,„ 
Ohio... 
N.  H... 
Cal .... 
Tex..., 
S.  C...., 

Ill , 

Wash., 

Ill 

N.  Y.„ 

111 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Minn . 

Ind 

Mich.., 
S.  C...„ 
Tenn  „ 
Miss-. 
Iowa..c 
Mich.. 

Va 

Minn, 
Ark.... 
Oal .... 
Dakota. 

Me 

Ill 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
N.  0»... 

Ala 

Ga. 

Minn... 

Pa. 

Ky 

Tenn..,, 

Va 

Mo 

Kan 

Mich,.., 

Ky 

HI 

Ill 

Me 

Me 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Minn.., 
Minn ... 
Conn,... 
Conn ... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..,, 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Mo 

N  H.... 

N.J. 

N.Y...,. 


Population, 


1870,      1880, 


1,666 


392 
687 


336 


1,122 


959 
932 


349 
3,886 
1,134 

310 


658 


1,255 

719 

1,040 


803 
604 


118 
986 
760 


811 
956 


639 
1,120 


196 

Si 


173 


1,167 
2,389 


1,665 


1,223 


1,270 
3,133 
1,381 


368 
"507 
3,903 


29 

1,699 
661 
177 

1,000 
616 

2,730 
317 
952 
318 
56 
813 
139 
645 

1,013 
99 

4,531 

1,184 
348 

1,102 
377 
581 

4,940 

3,286 
378 
117 
886 
881 
94 
268 
233 

1,681 

1,490 
779 
87 
956 
653 
325 
68 

1,083 

1,013 
628 

1,241 

2,681 
280 
378 
442 
235 

1,562 
149 
82 
633 
118 
178 

1,482 

733 

61 

2,164 
150 
343 
426 
7,'a 
167 
184 
919 
81 
777 
374 
174 

1,482 
38 

3,233 
986 

1,383 

2,521 
286 

2,027 
386 
129 

1,093 
161 

1,192 

4,123 

1,082 
965 
40 
327 
63 
511 
464 

4,387 


Place. 


Goshen _p.v. 

Goshen «tp. 

Gosben tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen p.v. 

Goshen tp. 

Gosben tp, 

Goshen ^ tp. 

(roshen tp. 

Goshen p.b. 

Goshen p.v, 

Goshen tp. 

Gosben  Hill p.tp. 

Gosnold tp. 

Gfosport p.v. 

Gosport p.b. 

Gothic p.v. 

Qouglersville p.h. 

Gould p.v. 

Gouldsborongb tp. 

Gouldsborongh p.v. 

Gouldsborougb p.v. 

Gouldsborougb  Point.h, 

Gouldsville p.v. 

Gouvemeur tp. 

Gouvemeur p.v. 

Govanstown p.v. 

Gowanda p.v. 

Gowdeysville p.tp, 

Gowen p.v. 

Gowen p.v, 

Gowen  City p.h. 

Grower tp. 

Gower p.v. 

Gowrie ,tp. 

Gowrie p.v. 

Graceham p.v. 

Graceville tp. 

Graceville p.h. 

Graddocville h. 

Grafton ^..tp. 

Grafton p.v. 

Graflon p.v. 

Grafton „ tp. 

Grafton p.h. 

Grafton, p.h. 

Graflon p.tp. 

Grafton tp. 

Grafton ^..p.v. 

Grafton p.tp. 

Grafton. p.tp, 

Grafton p.tp 

Grafton p.tp. 

Grafton ....p.v, 

Grafton p.h. 

Grafton ^ tp. 

Grafton „..p.v, 

Grafton p.v, 

Grafton ^...tp. 

Grafton p.v. 

Grafton  Centre p.h. 

Graham p.tp. 

Graham tp. 

Graham tp. 

Graham p.v, 

Graham tp. 

Graham p.v, 

Graham tp. 

Graham p.v, 

Graham  Lake >p.tp. 

Graham's  Tumoutp.v. 

Graham  ton ,.v. 

Graliamton „v. 

Grahamville p.v. 

Grainfleld p.h. 

Grain  Valley _p.b. 

Granada p.v. 

Granada* p.tp. 

Granbury _p.v. 

Granby p.tp. 

Granby p.tp. 

Granby p.tp. 

Granby tp. 

Granby p.v. 

Granby tp. 

Granby p.tp. 

Grand tp. 

Grand  Blanc tp. 

Grand  Blanc p.v. 

Grand  Chute tp. 


County. 


State. 


N.  Y.„ 
Ohio,.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio„. 
Ohio... 
Ohio,,. 
Ohio... 
Ohio,,. 

Pa 

Tex._. 
Utah.. 

Vt 

S.  C... 
Mass.. 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Col .... 

Pa 

Kan... 

Me 

Me  ,„. 

Pa. 

Me .... 

Vt 

N.  Y... 
N.Y... 
Md .... 
N.  Y... 
S.  C... 
Mich.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa. ... 

Mo.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa, 

Md.„ 


Orange 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Cbampalg^n..., 

Clermont , 

Clermont 

Hardin 

Mahoning..... 
Tuscarawas..., 

Clearfield 

Henderson ... 

Utah 

Addison , 

Union , 

Dukes , 

Owen 

Marion 

Gunnison.-,,, 

Berks 

Greenwood..,, 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Lackawanna 

Hancock , 

Washington.. 
St.  Lawrence 
St.  Lawrence 

Baltimore 

Cattaraugus.. 

Union , 

Montcalm 

Luzerne , 

Northumberland. 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Webster 

Webster 

Frederick... 

Big  Stone |  Minn 

Big  Stone- i  Miun 

Accomack [  Va 

Yolo 

Yolo 

Jersey 

McHenry-,., 

Worth 

Chautauqua.. 

Oxford 

Worcester.... 
Worcester..,, 

Sibley 

Grafton 

Rensselaer,.,. 

Lorain 

Huntingdon.. 

Kane 

Windham 

Windham 

Taylor 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Grafton  - 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Graham 

Nodaway 

Alamance 

Alamance 

Clearfield. 

Yonng 

Nobles 

Barnwell 

Meade 

Alleghany..,, 

Beaufort 

Gove 

Jackson- , 

Bent 

Nemaha 

Hood , 

Hartford 

Hampshire.,., 

Nicollet 

Newton 

Newton- 

Oswego,- 

Essex- 

Marion 

Genesee 

Genesee , 

Outagamie.,., 


Cal.. 
Cal  „ 
111..,, 
Ill- 
Iowa 
Kan, 
Me... 
Mass.... 
Mass. 
Minn 
N.  H.,., 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Utah,,, 

Vt 

Vt 

W.  Va 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  H... 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan..,. 

Mo 

N.  C... 
N.  C,.„ 

Pa. 

Tex 

Minn.. 

S.  0 

Ky 

Md 

S.  C 

Kan,,,, 

Mo 

Col 

Kan 

Tex 

Conn  .,. 
Mass... 
Minn ,. 

Mo , 

Mo , 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ohio-,,, 
Mich- 
Mich.  „. 
Wis-.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,2a5 

524 

2,163 

1,965 

1,876 

274 

928 

1,475 

4,650 

468 


330 

1,431 

99 

860 


1,709 


3,539 
1,627 


994 
2,647 


967 
125 


1,861 
'1,361 


94 

4,694 


907 

1,599 

960 


38 
1,008 


1,987 
1,864 


1,408 
1,019 


2,332 
502 
638 


893 


1,517! 
863 1 
566  f 

1,8 


3,972 
174 
403 

1,367 


1,390 


302 


I  Since  1870,  area  much  increased. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Orand  Coteau p.v. 

Orand  Detour tp. 

Grand  Detour p.v. 

Grand  Falls pint, 

Grand  Forks p.v. 

Grand  Glaise h. 

Grand  Gulf p.v. 

Grand  Haven c. 

Orand  Haven tp. 

Grand  Island p.tp. 

Orand  Island p.v. 

Grand  Island p.tp. 

Grand  Isle p.tp. 

Grand  Junction p.v. 

Grand  Junction p.v. 

Grand  Junction p.v. 

Grand  Ledge p.v. 

Grand  Meadow tp. 

Orand  Meadow tp. 

Orand  Meadow tp. 

Orand  Meadow p.v. 

Orand  Mound p.v. 

Grand  Poss tp. 

Orand  Prairie tp. 

Orand  Prairie tp. 

Orand  Prairie tp. 

Orand  Bapids p.h. 

Orand  Bapids tp. 

Grand  Bapids c. 

Grand  Bapids tp. 

Grand  Bapids p.v. 

Grand  Bapids tp. 

Grand  Bapids p.v. 

Grand  Bidge p.v. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biveri tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver tp. 

Grand  Biver  City  ...v. 

Grand  Tower tp. 

Orand  Tower p.v. 

Orand  Tunnel p.v. 

Orand  View tp. 

Grand  View p.v. 

Grand  View p.v. 

Grand  View tp. 

Grand  View p.v. 

Grand  View p.tp, 

Grand  View„ tp. 

Grand  View™ p.v. 

Grand  View p.v. 

GrandriUe p.T. 

Grange tp. 

Granger p.v. 

Granger p.h. 

Granger p.tp. 

Granger p.tp, 

Grangeville p.v. 

Granite tp. 

Granite p.v. 

Granite tp. 

Granite p.v. 

Granite  Falls tp. 

Granite  Falls  „ p.v. 

Graniteville p.v. 

Granitevllle p.h. 

Graniteville h. 

Graniteville v. 

Graniteville p.v. 

Grant tp. 

Grant v. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 


County. 


St.  Landry 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Penobscot  ~ 

Grand  Forks 

Jackson 

Claiborne.™ 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Colusa. 

Hall 

Erie 

Grand  Isle 

Greene 

Van  Buren 

Hardeman 

Eaton 

Cherokee 

Clayton 

Mower 

Mower 

Clinton™ 

Saline 

Jefferson 

Nobles 

Marion 

Lamoure 

La  Salle 

Kent 

Kent 

Wood 

Wood 

Wood 

La  Salle 

Adair 

Decatur 

Madison 

Wayne 

Sedgwick 

Bates 

Carroll 

Cass 

Daviess 

DeKalb 

Livingston 

Eaton 

Jackson™ 

Jackson 

Luzerne 

Edgar. 

Edgar 

Spencer 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Lyon 

Washington 

Washington 

Johnson 

Kent 

Pipe  Stone 

Fillmore 

Scotland 

Alleghany 

Medina. 

Idaho 

Sacramento 

Chaffee 

Phillips 

Chesterfield 

Chippewa 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Middlesex 

Iron 

Bichmond 

Providence 

Aiken 

Lake ..., 

McDonough 

Vermilion 

Benton.™ 

Greene 

Newton 

Adams 

Boone 

Buena  Vista™ 

Carroll 


Cerro  Gordo.. 

Dallas 

Franklin 

Greene 


State. 


Population, 


1870.      1880. 


La 

Ill 

Ill 

Mf 

Dak 

Ark 

Miss 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Oal 

Neb 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Tenn.... 
Mich.... 
Iowa.  .„ 
Iowa,... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Ohio. ... 

Dak 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich,.™. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..,. 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tex 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Idaho... 

Cal 

Col 

Kan  ™... 

Va 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

B.  I 

8,0 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


470 
606 


190 

3,147 

558 

702 


1,126 
682 
444 


460 


945 
444 


778 


370 


1,148 
16,507 
1,650 


646 
1,116 


235 
345 


833 


1,024 
3,802 
3,978 
1,093 
959 
1,160 

2,181 


1,636 
422 


2,273 
193 


1,050 
987 


1,679 


873 


672 


1,204 
836 
632 
699 


96 
382 
166 


302 

612 

253 

93 

1,705 
86 
48 

4,862 
642 
982 

2,963 

1,156 
749 
752 
172 
467 

1,387 
89 
894 
630 
374 
234 

2,426 

796 

301 

486 

20 

1,034 
32,016 

3,058 
332 
666 

1,350 
135 
525 
574 
947 

1,336 
291 
679 

1,790 

3,038 

1,652 

1,198 

1,486 
124 

1,534 
966 
650 

1,940 
206 
686 

1,544 
344 
267 

2,663 
163 
287 
548 
172 
111 
47 

1,086 

1,008 
129 

1,486 
183 
462 
136 
621 
678 
633 
98 
46 
605 

1,669 
477 
167 

8,462 

1,176 
782 

1,508 
825 
724 
248 
460 

1,164 
370 
802 
692 
809 


Place. 


Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant. 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant™ 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant* 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grunt 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant , 

Grant , 

Grant....M 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant „„... 

Grant m...., 

Grant. 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant , 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant , 

Grant , 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant , 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant..... , 

Grant' 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant  City..... 

Grant  City 

Grantham 

Grantham 

Grantham 

Grant  Isle 

Grant  Park.™.. 
Grantsburg™.., 
Grautsburg,-.-, 

Grantsburg 

Grant's  Lick... 
Grantsville.™... 
Orantsville.™.., 

Grantsville 

Grantsville.™... 
Grantsville.™... 

Grantville 

Grantville 

Grantville 


..tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
„tp, 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
,.,tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
...tp. 
,..tp. 
,.,tp. 
,..tp. 
,„tp. 
..tp. 
,..tp. 
...tp. 
,..h. 
...tp. 
,..tp. 
,..tp. 
,..tp. 
..h. 
,..tp. 
,..tp. 
,..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
,..tp. 
,..tp. 


..p.v. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.tp, 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.v, 

..p.tp. 
..tp. 

..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..tp. 

..V. 

..p.v. 
..p.v. 
.p.v. 


County, 


Grundy™ 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Ida 

Linn 

Lyon 

Monona 

Montgomery 

O'Brien 

Page 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Binggold 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama™ 

Taylor, 

Union 

Woodbury 

Barton 

Clay 

Cloud™ 

Crawford 

Decatnr™ 

Dickinson 

Douglas 

Jackson 

Jewell 

Lincoln 

Marion , 

Neosho , 

Norton , 

Osljome™ 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Beno 

Bepublic 

Biley 

Sedgwick,™ 

Chelx}ygan 

Clare 

Grand  Traverse,, 
Huron 

Iosco 

Keweenaw 

Mason „ 

Mecosta 

Newaygo 

Newaygo 

Oceana 

St  Clair™ 

Washington™ 

Caldwell 

Cass 

Clarke 

Dade 

Dallas , 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Nodaway,™ 

Webster 

Putnam™ 

Chautanqna 

Herkimer 

Pender 

Bandolph  ™........ 

Indiana™.. 

Clark. 

Dunn™ 

Portage- 

Shawano 

Sac 

Worth 

Sullivan 

Sullivan , 

Wayne , 

Aroostook 

Kankakee™ 

Johnson 

Burnett 

Burnett 

Campliell 

Garrett™ 

Linn 

Schuylkill 

Tooele 

Calhoun 

Coweta >..... 

Jefferson 

Queens ~.... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.., 

Iowa.., 

Iowa.., 

Iowa... 

Iowa.., 

Iowa.., 

Iowa.., 

Iowa. .. 

Iowa,,, 

Iowa.. 

Kan . . 

Kan™. 

Kan.„. 

Kan™. 

Kan  ™. 

Kan... 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan... 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™. 

Kan™... 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Mich. 

Mich.... 

Mich..., 

Mich..., 

Mich..., 

Mich..., 

Mich.„, 

Mich..., 

Mich..., 

Mich..., 

Mich... 

Mich..., 

Minn  .„ 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo , 

N.  Y_.., 
N.  Y™,. 
N,0,-,., 

N,C 

Pa. 

Wis...... 

Wis 

Wis. 

Wis.™... 
Iowa.,.. 

Mo , 

N,  H™.., 

N.H 

N.  0..... 

Me 

111™. 

Ill 

Wis. — 

Wis. 

Ky 

Md 

Mo 

Pa 

Utah.... 
W.Va.™ 

Ga. 

Kan™. 
N.  Y™. 


436 
104 
148 


262 
361 


201 


290 


406 
211 
173 


421 


849 
683 


292 
616 


147 
293 
309 
107 
162 
126 
144 
77 


208 

1,143 

309 

909 


766 

279 

1,002 

956 


1,106 


638 


917 
949 
990 
386 
588 
240 
226 


608 


1,823 
688 


1,180 
706 


766 


682 
662 
693 
166 

1,082 
213 
367 
980 
368 

2,087 
402 
161 
466 
666 
302 
665 
699 
90« 
613 
460 
816 
469 
618 

1,034 
637 
639 
676 
992 
674 
676 
481 

1,036 
686 
667 
384 
228 

1,207 
730 

1,096 
971 
773 

1,308 
626 
622 
174 
366 
217 
307 
612 
90 
463 

1,367 
618 

1,044 
62 
848 
628 
968 

1,618 
808 

1,853 

1,013 
704 
108 
117 

1,706 
866 

1,318 
881 
457 
809 
767 
186 
493 
640 
103 

1,939 
847 
279 

1,140 

1,613 
101 
103 
220 

1,040 
408 

1,007 

112 

618 

67 

n 


1  Since  1870  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


>  Since  1870,  area  rednood. 

308 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED 


Place. 


Grantville p.v. 

Granville tp. 

Granville tp. 

Granville p.v, 

Granville p.v. 

Granville .p.b. 

Granville .tp. 

Granville tp. 

Granville p.v. 

Granville tp. 

Granville p.v. 

Granville tp. 

Granville tp. 

Granville .tp. 

Granville .v. 

Granville .p.v. 

Granville p.tp. 

Granville p.v. 

Granville .p.tp. 

Granville  Centre. ..p.v. 
Granville  CornerB..p.v. 

Grape  Grove tp. 

Grapeland p.b. 

Grapevine p.h. 

Grapevine p.v. 

Grass p.tp. 

Grasshopper tp. 

Grass  Lake tp. 

Grass  Lake p.v. 

Grass  "Valley p.tp, 

Grassy  Creek p.tp. 

Grassy  Fork tp. 

Grassy  Mountain...^. 

Grater's  Ford p.v. 

Gratiot p.v. 

Gratiot .tp. 

Gratiot p.v. 

Gratis p.tp. 

Grattan p.tp. 

Gratz p.v. 

Gratz p.b. 

Gravel  Switcb p.h. 

Gravesend p.tp. 

Gravesville p.b. 

Gray p.tp. 

Gray. tp. 

Gray tp. 

Gray tp. 

Grayling p.tp. 

Gray's  Comer v, 

Gray's  Creek p.tp. 

Grayson. p.v. 

Grayson p.v. 

Graysport p.h. 

Gray's  Summit p.h. 

Graysville p.v. 

Graysville h. 

Graysville p.v. 

Gray  town p.v. 

Grayville p.v. 

Greason p.h. 

Great  Barrington..tp. 
Great  Barrington-p.v. 

Great  Bend tp. 

Great  Bend p.v. 

Great  Bend tp. 

Great  Bend p.v. 

Great  Bend tp. 

Great  Bend p.b. 

Great  Bend  Village.p.v. 

Great  Cypress tp. 

Great  Falls .v. 

Great  Falls p.v. 

Great  Island isL 

Great  Neck p.v. 

Great  Oak tp. 

Great  Swamp tp. 

Great  Valley p.tp. 

Greece tp. 

Greece  City p.v. 

Greeley p.v. 

Greeley tp. 

Greeley p.v. 

Greeley tp. 

Greeley p.v. 

Greeley tp. 

Greeley ^. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 


Coanty. 


Dauphin 

Jasper 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Delaware 

Mahaska 

Hampden 

Washington 

Washington 

Licking 

Licking 

Mercer 

Bradford 

Mifflin 

Lycoming 

Jackson 

Addison 

Monongalia 

Milwaukee 

Bradford 

Hampden 

Ray 

Houston 

Westmoreland. 

Tarrant 

Spencer 

Atchison 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Nevada 

MitcheU 

Jackson 

Greenville 

Montgomery ... 

Licking 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Preble 

Kent 

Owen 

Dauphin.... 

Marion 

Kings 

Herkimer 

Cumberland.... 

White 

Pipe  Stoue 

Edgefield 

Crawford 

Cumberland..... 

Cumberland 

Stanislaus 

Carter 

Grenada 

Franklin 

Catoosa 

Floyd 

Mouroe 

Wilson 

White 

Cumberland..... 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Barton 

Barton 

Cottonwood ..... 

Jefferson 

Susquehanna... 
Susquehanna... 
Susquehanna... 

Barnwell 

Cumberland 

Strafford 

Cumberland 

Queens 

Palo  Alto 

Wayne 

Cattaraugus 

Monroe 

Butler 

Weld 

Audubon 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Anderson  « 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

Mercer 

Woodford 

Grant 

Hancock 


State. 


Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Mass.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Vt 

W.Va... 

Wis 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Tex...... 

Pa 

Tex 

Ind 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Cal 

N.  C — 

Ind 

8.  0 

Pa 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Ky 

Pa. 

Ky 

N.  Y>... 

N.Y 

Me 

HI 

Minn ... 

S.C 

Mich.... 

Me 

N.  C 

Cal 

Ky 

Miss 

Mo 

Ga.. 

Ind 

Ohio 

Tex 

Ill 

Pa. 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn .., 

N.Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.O 

Me 

N.  H.... 

Me 

N.Y 

Iowa.... 

N.  0' 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Col , 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,260 
1,668 


1,293 
4,003 


2,127 
1,109 
1,234 
1,376 
1,297 


726 
2,401 


2,660 


1,871 
1,146 
2,042 


7,063 
614 

1,188 
1,336 


228 
1,718 


2,023 

1,297 

72 

386 


2,131 

67 
1,738 


2,633 


199 


4,320 


1,431 

855 


1,620 


240 

751 

1,641 

4,314 


480 


1,326 

933 

1,115 

1,177 


152 
1,463 
1,499 

260 

140 

66 

1,205 

4,149 

1,071 

2,114 

1,127 

1,616 

1,302 

1,489 

196 

179 

830 

122 

2,370 

165 

234 

8,090 

88 

92 

199 

2,196 

1,839 

1,896 

682 

6,688 

1,087 

1,046 

1,661 

148 

229 

1,634 

191 

2,186 

1,238 

128 

409 

6 

3,674 

72 

1,798 

1,957 

223 

2,185 

245 

396 

1,673 

133 

447 

67 

63 

279 

71 

174 

138 

1,533 

94 

4,653 

2,715 

1,648 

1,071 

234 

181 

1,301 

1,136 

646 

2,414 

106 

859 

616 

1,112 

306 

1,022 

1,859 

4,848 

142 

1,297 

612 

270 

334 

285 

616 

461 

1,545 

897 

1,539 

1,166 


Place. 


Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green  i tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green , tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green 1p. 

Green tp. 

Green v. 

Green tp. 

Green Ip. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp.' 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Greenbackville p.v. 

Green  Bank p.h. 

Green  Bay tp. 

Green  Bay p.h. 

Green  Bay tp. 

Green  Bay p.b. 

Green  Bay c. 

Green  Bay tp. 

Green  Brier tp. 

Greeuburg tp. 

Greenburg v. 

Greenbush tp. 

Greenbush ...p.tp. 

Greenbnsh p.v. 

Greenbush -.p.tp. 

Greenbush tp. 

Greenbush tp. 

Greenbush tp. 

Greenbush v. 

Greenbush h. 

Greenbnsh p.h. 

Greenbush .p.tp. 

Green  Camp tp. 

Green  Camp p.v. 

Greencastle h. 

Greencastle tp. 

Greencastle p.v. 

Greencastle tp. 

Greencastle p.h. 

Greencastle ......p.v. 

Greencastle -p.h. 

Greencastle p.b. 

Greencastle  Junction. v. 
Green  Cove  Springs.p.v. 

Green  Creek p.v. 

Green  Creek tp. 

Greendale v. 

Greene -p.tp, 

Greene -tp. 

Greene -tp. 

Greene p.v. 

Greene tp. 

Greene 1p. 

Greene p.tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene. ^. 

Greene p.v. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 


County, 


Madison 

Marshall 

Morgan 

Noble 

St.  Josephs 

Wayne 

Iowa 

Wapello 

Mecosta 

Hickory 

Lawrence 

Livingston 

Nodaway 

Polk 

Worth 

Guilford 

Adams 

Ashland 

Brown 

Clinton 

Hamilton 

Mahoning 

Mahouing. 

Monroe 

Ross 

Scioto 

Shelby 

Summit 

Wayne 

Erie 

Forest 

Greene 

Indiana 

Mercer 

Pike 

Accomack 

Pocahontas 

aarke 

aarke 

Lee 

Prince  Edward , 

Brown 

Brown 

Greene 

Westchester 

Westchester 

Warren 

Penobscot- 

Plymouth- 

Alcona 

Clinton 

Mille  Lacs 

Rensselaer. 

Rensselaer 

Brown 

Preble 

Sheboygan 

Marion 

Marion 

Madison 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Marshall 

Warren 

Sullivan 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

Putnam 

Clay 

Cape  May- 

Sandusky 

Dearborn 

Jay 

Parke 

Randolph 

Butler 

Pottawatomie.-. 

Sumner 

Androscoggin ... 

Platte 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Sussex 

Clark 

Fayette 

Gallia 

Harrison 

Hocking 

Trumbull 

Beaver 

Clinton 


State. 


Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Mich..., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Va 

W.Va, 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Me 

Mass... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Wis.  .. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Mo 

Ohio..., 

Pa 

Ind 

Fla 

N.J-.. 
Ohio... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan-.. 

Kan 

Me 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
NY-.. 
N.J-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa- 


Population. 


1870.   1880, 


964 

1,097 
1,345 
1,106 

964 
1,293 
1,040 
1,252 

616 
1,217 
1,434 

903 
1,613 
1,074 

703 
1,119 
1,833 
1,818 
1,490 
2,492 
4,356 
1,733 

146 
1,282 
1.1 
1,882 
1,254 
1,740 
2,716 
1,396 

226 

739 
2,160 

832 

919 


507 


4,666 
1,073 


10,790 


1,270 
621 


86 

1,486 

294 

6,202 


42 

63 

1,939 

999 


120 
1,716 
3,227 

764 


59 
1,650 


3,666 


1,115 
1,122 
1,034 


1,094 
2,245 
3,537 
1,025 

868 
1,464 

879 
1,677 
1,547 
1,613 

915 
1,836 
1,102 


804 


1  Area  reduced  since  1870. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Ureene tp. 

Oreene ▼. 

Greene p.h. 

Greeneville p.T. 

Greenfield p.  v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.T. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.r. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.T. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.T. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield t. 

Greenfield b. 

Greenfield p.T. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Green  Forest p.h. 

Green  Garden p.tp. 

Green  Garden tp. 

Green  Hill p.T. 

Green  Hill p.tp. 

Green  Island p.T. 

Green  Isle p.tp. 

Green  Lake tp. 

Green  Lake p.tp, 

Greenland tp. 

Greenland p.tp^ 

Green  Lane p.T. 

Green  Lawn. p.T. 

Oreenleaf. p.T. 

Oreenleaf. tp. 

Greenleaf. ^. 

Greenleaf. p.h. 

Green  Meadow tp. 

Green  Meadow......h. 

Green  Monntain...tp. 

Green  Oak p.tp. 

Green  Park p.T. 

Greenport tp. 

Greenport p.T. 

Green  Prairie p.tp, 

Green  Ridge tp. 

Green  Bidge p.T. 

Green  River p.tp. 

Green  Birer  City.  ..p.v. 

Greensborough p.v. 

Greensbo  rough p.h. 

Greensborough p.v. 

Greensborough tp. 

Greensborough p.T. 

Greensborough p.T. 

Greensborough p.T. 

Greensborough p.T. 

Greensborough tp. 

Greensborough p.T. 

Greensboro'  Bend...p.h. 

Greensburg p.T. 

Greeusburg p.T. 

Greensburg p.v. 

Greensburg tp. 

Greensburg tp. 

Greensburg p.v. 

Greensburg p.T. 

Green's  Creek tp. 

Green  Sea p.tp. 

Green's  Fork tp. 

Green's  Landing. ..p.v. 

Oreen  Spring p.v. 

Oreentop _ p.v. 


County. 


Franklin 

Franklin 

Kent 

Greene 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hancock , 

La  Grange 

Orange , 

Adair 

Adair 

Calhoun 

Jones 

Warren 

Elk 

Rooks 

Penobscot 

Franklin 

Wayne , 

Wabasha 

Dade 

Hillsborough.... 

Saratoga , 

Ulster 

Fairfield 

Gallia 

Highland 

Huron , 

Blair 

Erie 

Lackawanna...., 

Mercer , 

Washington 

Weakley 

La  Crosse 

Milwaukee 

Monroe 

Sauk 

Carroll 

Will 

Ellsworth 

Warren 

Rutherford 

Albany 

Sibley 

Kandiyohi 

Green  Lake 

Ontonagon 

Rockingham ... 
Montgomery.... 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Sanilac 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Polk 

Polk 

Yancey 

Livingston 

Perry 

Columbia. 

Suffolk 

Morrison 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Henderson 

Sweetwater. 

Hale 

Craighead- 

Greene 

Henry 

Henry 

Caroline 

Guilford 

Greene » 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Decatur 

Green 

St.  Helena. , 

Knox 

Putnam 

Summit 

Westmoreland.. 

Polk 

Horry 

Randolph , 

Hancock 

Seneca 

Schuyler 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Pa 

Pa. 

B.  I 

Tenn  ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa .... 
Iowa .... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
luwa.... 

Kan 

Kan...... 

Me 

Mass .... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.H.... 

N.  Y 

K.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis. 

Wis 

Ark 

Ill 

Kan 

Ind 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Wis 

Mich.... 

N.  H 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Mich,... 
Minn ... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
N.  C...., 
Mich... 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y..., 
Minn . 

Mo , 

Mo.  ... 
N.C.... 
Wyom 
Ala .... 
Ark ._. 

Ga 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 

Md 

N.  C... 

Pa, 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Ind,... 

Ky 

La 

Mo 

Ohio,.. 
Ohio... 

Pa , 

N.O.... 

8.0 

Ind.... 

Me 

Ohio... 
Mo 


3,367 


1,039 


1,646 
1,203 
1,078 
1,439 
197 


1,083 
1,514 


317 

3,689 

2,406 

590 

364 

527 

2,698 


1,944 
1,386 
1,712 

954 
1,233 
1,039 

823 


676 


519 
746 


1,202 


1,186 

3,136 

437 


1,102 
648 
696 


336 
392 


1,326 

1,819 

201 


709 

106 

1,760 


913 
1,488 


561 
497 


1,027 


361 
160 
994 
779 


1,642 


1,043 
2,043 


3,831 

185 

60 

1,066 

986 

1,673 

2,013 

1,181 

1,618 

1,217 

684 

233 

1,083 

1,301 

1,076 

366 

337 

3,903 

2,216 

476 

712 

649 

2,448 

971 

2,036 

1,209 

2,104 

900 

1,285 

1,020 

821 

137 

667 

320 

869 

2,674 

686 

792 

34 

1,146 

436 

194 

1,372 

4,160 

878 

408 

1,407 

825 

696 

187 

127 

316 

612 

668 

63 

116 

41 

564 

1,002 

131 

1,275 

2,370 

214 

999 

147 

971 

327 

1,833 

74 

1,621 

1,445 

223 

684 

2,106 

432 

1,061 

125 

86 

3,138 

620 

297 

1,166 

940 

240 

2,500 

1,227 

961 

2,126 

166 

720 

220 


Place. 


County. 


State, 


Popnlatlon, 


Greentown ,..p.T, 

Green  town p.v. 

Greenup tp. 

Greenup p.T. 

Greenup p.T. 

Green  Vale... p.tp. 

Green  Vale tp. 

Green  Vale t. 

Green  Valley tp. 

Green  Valley p.T. 

Green  Valley tp. 

GreenTiew tp. 

Green  Village p.T. 

GreenTille p.T. 

Greenville p.T. 

Greenville p.T. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.T. 

Greenville tp. 

GreenTille tp. 

Greenville p.T. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville h. 

Greenville v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.tp. 

Greenville v. 

Greenville h, 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

GreenTille p.tp, 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.T. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville v. 

Greenville p.b. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville c. 

Greenville h. 

Greenville p.T. 

GreenTille p.tp. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.v. 

Greenwich p.tp. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.v. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.v. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.T. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood h. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood  1 tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood h. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood p.tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood.- ....tp. 


Howard 

Stark 

Cumberland..,. 
Cumberland.... 

Greenup 

Franklin 

Dakotii .- 

Queens 

Solano 

Tazewell 

Shawano 

Menard , 

Franklin 

Butler 

Plumas , 

Madison , 

Meriwether ..., 

Bond , 

Bond , 

Bureau , 

Floyd , 

Floyd , 

Muhlenburg.. 
Piscataquis.... 
Piscataquis.... 
Barnstable.... 

Worcester 

Montcalm 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Hillsborough. 

Morris 

Sussex 

Greene 

Greene 

Orange 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Darke 

Darke 

Indiana 

Mercer 

Somerset 

Greenville 

Greenville 

Fayette 

Augusta 

Outagamie 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Hampshire 

Cumberland... 
Cumberland... 

Gloucester 

Warren 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Huron 

Huron 

Berks 

Sebastian 

El  Dorado 

El  Dorado 

Sussex 

Christian 

Fayette 

McHenry 

McHenry 

Johnson 

Kosstith 

Franklin 

Phillips 

Caddo 

Oxford 

Clare 

Oceana 

St.  Clair 

Wexford 

Hennepin 

Le  Flore 

Jackson 

Cass 

Cheyenne 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Moore 

Clearfield 

Columbia. 

Crawford 

Juniata 

Perry 


1870.      188U, 


Ind 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Me 

Minn ... 
N.  Y_... 

Cal 

Ill 

Wis 

Ill 

Pa. 

Ala 

Cal 

Fla 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 

Mass 

Mich.... 


Mo 

N.  H...., 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

N,  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

S.  c 

Tenn.,,, 

Va 

Wis 

Conn  .., 
Conn,,, 
Mass..., 

N.  J 

N.  J.„.. 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y,,,. 
Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 

Pa 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

Del 

Ill , 

lU 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Kan-., 
Kan  .. . 

La 

Me 

Mich..,, 
Mich,,,, 
Mich.,., 
Mich,., 
Minn  „ 
Miss,,,. 

Mo 

Neb....- 
Neb.- 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y... 
N.C-., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 


2,128 
636 
607 


726 
6*92 


373 
2,866 


1,989 


901 
1,814 


667 
369 


1,807 
890 


2,084 


1,123 
3,838 
601 
6,688 
2,620 


1,848 

494 

3,136 

2,767 


1,460 
7,644 


666 
1,262 


2,342 
2,687 
4,030 


881 
'2,151 
"'657 


776 


280 
1,116 


846 
'249 


426 


76 
'1*394 


1,688 

1,782 

744 

1,080 


236 

230 

2,496 

606 

833 

60 

836 

498 

700 

146 

392 

460 

186 

2,471 

403 

188 

490 

8,629 

1,886 

1,008 

1,689 

394 

866 

586 

409 

82 

177 

3,144 

2,191 

100 

1,072 

429 

33 

2,043 

265 

1,002 

4,647 

912 

6,807 

3,635 

196 

3,007 

557 

8,312 

6,160 

60 

296 

1,326 

7,892 

1,676 

633 

1,245 

513 

2,698 

2,564 

3,860 

1,231 

1,376 

647 

1,988 

204 

602 

181 

109 

1,073 

76 

966 

137 

448 

631 

186 

407 

174 

838 

235 

629 

1,668 

122 

604 

308 

234 

179 

60 

1,386 

263 

2,001 

465 

1,710 

1,614 

601 

1,10» 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


806 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.T. 

Greenwood p.h. 

Greenwood »p.v. 

Greenwood tp. 

Green  woodFumace.p.T. 

Greer tp. 

Greersyille p.ta. 

Gregg tp. 

Gregg tp. 

Gregg tp. 

Gregg tp. 

Greggi tp. 

Gregory  Landing  ..p.b. 

Grelg* tp. 

Grelg p.v. 

OreigBTille pii. 

Grenada p.v. 

Oresbamyille p.T. 

Gretna p.T. 

Grey  Eagle p.tp. 

Gridley p.v. 

Gridley tp. 

Gridley p.v. 

Grleisemerftville p.h. 

Griffin c. 

Griffin tp. 

Griffin's tp. 

Griffin's  Corners  ...p.v. 

GriffinsvIUe h. 

Griggs .tp. 

GriggBville tp. 

Griggsville p.v. 

Grimtown v. 

Grindstone  City  ....p.v. 

Grinnell tp. 

Grinnell p.v. 

Grinnell tp. 

Grinnell p.h. 

Grisbam tp. 

Griswold p.tp, 

Griswold p.v. 

Grizzly  Flat p.h. 

Grizzly  Flat h. 

Groesbeck p.v. 

QrooniBVille v. 

Grosse  Point tp. 

GroBse  Point p.v. 

Gross  Point .v. 

Grosvenor  Dale p.v. 

Groton p.tp. 

Groton* tp. 

Groton p.tp. 

Groton tp. 

Groton p.v. 

Groton tp. 

Groton tp. 

Groton p.v. 

Groton  City p.b. 

Grout p.tp 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Orove tp. 

Orove tp. 

Orove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove  City p.T. 

Grove  City p.v. 

Grove  City p.v. 

Grove  Hill p.v. 

Grove  Lake .p.tp, 

Groveland p.b. 

Groveland tp. 

Groveland tp. 

Groveland p.b. 

Groveland ^. 

Groveland p.tp, 

Groveland p.^. 

Groveland p.tp. 

Grovenor's  Comer8.p.h 

Groveport p.v. 

Orover p.b. 


County. 


Abbeville 

Abbeville.. 

Wise 

Clark 

Vernon 

Huntingdon 

Warrick 

Knox 

Morgan 

Centre 

Union 

Aiken 

Edgefield. 

Clarke 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Livingston 

Grenada , 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Todd 

Butte_ 

McLean , 

McLean 

Lehigh 

Spalding 

Nash 

Martin 

Delawaro... 

Union 

Ida 

Pike 

Pike 

Westmoreland.. 

Huron 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Montgomery ... 
New  London ... 


State. 


El  Dorado 

Placer 

Limestone 

Charleston 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Cook 

Windham 

New  London 

Middlesex.. 

Grafton 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Erie 

Caledonia- 

Caledonia 

Tompkins 

Gladwin 

Jasper 

Adair  _ , 

Davis 

Humboldt 

Pottawattamie. ... 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Beno 

Crawford 

Steams 

Johnson 

Alleghany 

Harnett 

Cameron 

Greenville 

Christian 

Meeker 

Franklin 

Clarke 

Pope 

Tuolumne 

La  Salle 

Tazewell 

Putnam 

McPherson 

Essex 

Oakland 

Livingston 

Schoharie 

Franklin 

Bradford 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


S.C... 
S.C.... 
Tex.... 
Wis.... 
Wis ..., 

Pa 

Ind..., 
Ohio.., 
Ind.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.  0..., 
S.  C... 
Mo.... 
N.  T.. 
N.T.. 
N.T„ 
Miss.. 
Ga..... 
La..,.. 
Minn 
Cal... 

Ill 

IlL.... 

Pa 

Ga 

N.  0„... 

N.  C 

N.  T 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

Conn.... 
Iowa.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex 

S.  C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Conn ..'. 
Conn ... 
Mass.... 
N.  H.... 

N.Y 

N.  T„... 

Ohio 

Vt„ 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.T„... 

N.  C 

Pa. 

S.  C. 

Ill 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Ala 

Minn... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
N.  T„... 
N.  T>... 

Ohio 

Pa 


2,817 
700 


744 


864 

73 

1,041 

1,636 

821 


3,200 


2,638 


1,887 


1,709 


3,421 


2,646 
1,466 


2,389 
1,482 


2,676 


2,230 


6,124 
3,684 
683 
3,612 
863 
910 
811 


1,094 

137 

1,230 


356 
692 


424 
1,233 
1,056 
1,093 

440 
1,089 


143 


292 


1,661 

1,323 

67 

"r,776 
1,180 
1,456 


627 


3,768 

746 

49 

162 

1,050 
225 

1,214 
81 

1,181 

1,795 
904 

6,018 
62 
25 

1,670 

236 

41 

1,914 
100 

2,396 
150 
362 

1,768 

419 

76 

3,620 

1,367 

760 

192 

49 

189 

2,640 

1,616 
128 
299 

3,297 

2,416 

346 

36 

774 

2,746 

360 

76 

48 

402 

132 

2,468 
189 
327 
751 

6,128 

1,862 
666 

3,460 
913 

1,038 

1,014 

195 

71 

516 

1,204 
596 

1,062 
381 

1,002 
818 
766 
238 
166 
726 

1,188 

1,126 
897 
494 

2,361 
116 
230 
150 
176 
381 
59 

1,688 

1,505 

78 

479 

2,227 

1,126 

1,342 

60 

650 

60 


Place. 


,.p.b. 
..p.v. 


Grovertown.. 

Groveton 

Grovevllle...., 

Grow tp. 

Grubb's  Comers.. ..b. 

Grubtown v. 

Gmgan tp. 

Grundy p.h. 

Grundy p.v. 

Grundy  Centre p.v. 

Gnadaloupe p.v. 

Guadalupe v. 

Guadalupe v. 

Guadalupe  Mine  ...v. 

Onadalupita p.v. 

Guelph tp. 

Guemeville p.v. 

Guerryton p.v. 

Gnestville v. 

Guilderland p.tp, 

Gullderland  Centre.p.v, 

Guildhall tp. 

Guildhall p.v. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.b. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.v. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.h. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.v. 

Guilford p.h. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.v. 

Guilford h. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.tp. 

Guilford  Centre.... p.h. 

Guiney's p.h. 

Gulnnville b. 

Guittard tp. 

Gulf. tp. 

Gulf. p.v. 

Gulich «.tp, 

Gnlledge's tp. 

Gumborough hnd, 

Gumborough p.h. 

Gum  Neck p.tp. 

Gun  City. p.v. 

Ounlock h. 

Gunnison p.  v. 

Gunnison p.v. 

Gun  Plain tp. 

Guntersville p.v. 

Guntown p.v. 

Gustavus p.tp. 

Guthrie tp. 

Guthrie p.tp, 

Guthrie p.v. 

Guthrie p.v. 

Guthrie p.h. 

Guthrie  Centre p.v, 

Guth's  Station p.v. 

Guttenberg p.v. 

Guttenburg p.v. 

Guyan tp. 

Guyandotte p.v. 

Guy's  Mills p.v. 

Gwynedd ptp. 

Gypsum tp. 

Gypsum tp. 

Gypsum p.b 

Gypsum  Creek tp. 

Hackljerry tp. 

Hackensack p.v, 

Hackett  City p.v. 

Hackettstown p.tp. 

Hacklebonie v. 

Haddam tp. 

Haddam p.v. 

Haddam p.h. 

Haddon tp. 

Haddon tp. 

Haddonfleld p.b. 

Hadley tp. 

Hadloy p.h. 

Hadley p.tp. 


County. 


Starke 

Coos 

Dutchess 

Anoka 

New  Castle 

Cambria 

Clinton 

Pulaski- 

Buchanan 

Grundy 

Santa  Barbara- 
Conejos 

Bernalillo 

Santa  Clara. 

Mora 

Sumner 

Sonoma- 

Bullock- 

Henry , 

Albany 

Albany 

Essex , 

Essex 

New  Haven  -.., 

New  Haven 

Jo  Daviess , 

Winnebago 

Dearborn.- 

Hendricks 

Monroe- 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

Nodaway , 

Chenango 

Chenango , 

Columbiana-.., 

Medina 

Franklin , 

Windham , 

Chenango 

Caroline 

Benton 

Marshall 

Chatham 

Chatham , 

Clearfield.- 

Anson , 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Tyrrel 

Cass 

Washington-.., 

Gunnison 

San  Pete , 

Allegan 

Marshall 

Lee - 

TrembuU.- 

Izard 

Lawrence , 

Guthrie 

Todd 

Callaway , 

Guthrie 

Lehigh , 

Clayton 

Hudson 

Gallia 

Cabell 

Crawford 

Montgomery ... 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

Ottawa 

McPherson , 

Labette 

Bergen 

Sebastian , 

Warren 

Carbon 

Middlesex , 

Middlesex 

Washington 

Sullivan 

Camden 

Camden- 

Pike 

Hendricks 

Hampshire 


State. 


Ind 

N.  H 

N.  T 

Minn ... 

Del 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ky 

Va , 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Col 

N.  Mex. 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 

Kan 

Cal , 

Ala 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.Y-.., 

Vt 

Vt 

Conn..., 
Conn..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Kan .... 
Kan>.. 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Vt- 

N.Y-.. 

Va 

Iowa. .. 
Kan .... 
N.  0-.. 
N.  0-.. 

Pa- 

N.  0-.., 

Del 

Del 

N.  0 

Mo 

Utah... 

Col 

Utah... 
Mich... 

Ala 

Miss-... 

Ohio-., 

Ark.-. 

Ind...., 

Iowa.. 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa. . 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
N.  J... 
Ohio-. 
W.Va, 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan... 
Kan... 
Ohio... 
Kan... 
Kan..., 

N.  J 

Ark 

N.  J 

Pa 

Conn... 
Conn... 
Kan-.. 

Ind 

N.  J.... 
N.  J.... 

Ill 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


71 
396 
296 


3,132 
"'483 
2*676 


1,079 
1,062 


2,193 
873 
604 


818 


2,806 


1,809 
3,097 
1,277 


707 
1,786 


601 
1,519 


1,068 


2,238 
244 
240 
938! 


1,292 


1,040 


1,279 
427 


2,094 


117 
637 


2,208 
'2,071 


2,750 
1,926 
1,076 
1,309 


2,301 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Aiken  County. 
806 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  t  educed. 


•  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac*. 


County. 


Hadley > tp. 

Hadley  „ ^ p.v. 

Hadley p.h. 

Hadley ~ tp. 

Hadley  „ tp. 

Hadley.. tp. 

Hagar tp. 

Hagedorn'a  Mill8...p.b. 

Hagerstown p.v. 

Hageretown c. 

Hagne p.tp. 

Hahnaman. tp. 

Habnstown v. 

BahnTllIe p.v. 

Hailesbo  rough p.v. 

Haines - tp. 

Haines tp. 

Hainesville.. ~..p.v. 

Hainesville p.v. 

Halbert tp. 

Haloomb  Island tp. 

Haloott tp. 

Halcott  Centre p.h. 

Halcottsvllle p.h. 

Haldane p.v. 

Hale tp. 

Hale tp. 

Hale ^ p.tp, 

Hale tp. 

Hale p.tp. 

Haledon v. 

Halfday p.v. 

Halfmoon p.tp. 

Halfhioon tp. 

Half  Rock p.h. 

Half  Way p.h. 

Halifax... p.tp. 

Halifax tp. 

Halifax p.v. 

Halifax tp. 

Halifax p.v. 

Halifax p.tp. 

Halifax  C.  H p.v. 

Hall.- tp. 

Hain tp. 

Hall .^ ..„p.v. 

HaU. „ tp. 

Hall tp. 

Halleck p.v. 

Halleck pJi. 

Hallettsvllle ...p.v. 

Hallock p.tp, 

Hallowell p.h. 

Hallowell c. 

Hall's tp. 

HallV  Comers p.h. 

Hallaville p.h. 

Hallsville p.h. 

HallHville tp. 

Hallsville p.v. 

Hallsville p.v. 

Halltown p.v. 

Halsellville p.tp, 

Halsey p.v. 

Halsey  Valley p.v. 

Halstad tp. 

Halstead ....tp. 

Hamblin tp. 

Hamburg p.v. 

Hamburg....... v. 

Hamburg- tp. 

Hamburg. p.h, 

Hamburg- p.h. 

Hamburg ......p.v. 

Hamburg- tp. 

Hamburg p.h. 

Hamburg ^....p.h. 

Hamburg p.v. 

Hamburg- tp. 

Hamburg p.v. 

Hamburg tp. 

Hamburg- p.b. 

Hamburg- t. 

Hamburg. p.v. 

Hambnrg- p.v. 

Hambnrg-.....^....p,h. 

Hamburg- tp. 

Hambnrg- ^. 

Hamden p.tp. 

Hamden tp. 

Hamden tp. 


Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Murray- 

Saratoga. 

Chatham 

Mercer 

Berrien 

Saratoga , 

Wayne 

Washington 

Warren , 

Whiteside..- 

Westmoreland.. 

St.  Charles , 

St  Lawrence...., 

Marion 

Centre 

Lake 

Clinton 

Martin < 

Dunklin 

Greene , 

Greene 

Delaware- 

Ogle 

Warren , 

Jones 

McLeod 

Hardin 

Trempealeau  ... 

Passaic 

Lake 

Saratoga 

Centre 

Mercer 

Polk 

Plymouth 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Dauphin 

Dauphin 

Windham 

HaUfax 

Bureau— 

Dubois 

Morgan 

Gates 

Anderson 

Buchanan 

Elko 

Lavaca 

Peoria 

Cherokee 

Kennebec 

Sampson 

Ontario 

De  Witt 

Boone 

Duplin 

Boss 

Harrison 

Jefferson 

Chester. 

Linn 

Tioga 

Polk 

Harvey........... 

Brown 

Ashley 

New  Haven.-... 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Franklin 

Fremont. 

Livingston 

Livingston 

St  Charles 

Sussex 

Erie 

Brie 

Jackson 

Berks 

Clinton- 

Aiken 

Hardin 

Shenandoah.... 

Marathon- 

Vernon- „. 

New  Haven...... 

Becker 

Delaware.- 


Stete. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
N.  T„ 
N.  0... 

Pa 

Mich. 
N.  Y„ 
Ind.. 
Md... 
N.  T.. 

Ill 

Pa 

La.... 
N.  T.. 

Ill 

Pa..... 

Ill 

Mo.... 
Ind... 
Mo.... 
N.  T. 
N.  T. 
N.  Y., 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  J 

Ill 

N.  T 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Mass..- 
N.  0 — 

N.O 

Pa 

Pa , 

Vt 

Va , 

111 , 

Ind 

Ind , 

N.  0 

S.  0 

Mo 

Nev.-.., 

Tex 

Ill , 

Kan 

Me 

N.  0 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ohio-.., 

Tex 

W.  Va. 

S.  0 

Oregon 
N.Y.... 
Minn.. 
Kan...., 

Ind , 

Ark 

Conn..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Mich..,, 
Mich..., 

Mo 

N.  J , 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.., 

N.C 

Pa 

Pa , 

8.  C 

Tenn..., 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Conn.... 
Minn ... 
N.  Y-... 


1,461 


834 


830 

6,779 

637 

624 


177 
"1,354 


248 

1,336 

608 

426 


1,212 
997 
399 

1,264 
616 


8,093 


619 
2,898 

429 
1,337 

668 
1,029 


1,069 
2,046 


778 
1,240 


431 
1,094 


3,007 
1,010 


26 


1,416 


2,011 


707 


1,431 

907 
81 


2,934 
T,690 


1,208 
3,028 


1,762 


1,474 

293 

22 

1,095 

1,488 

224 

946 

61 

898 

6,627 
807 
806 
432 
414 
243 

1,129 

l,42!i 
103 
141 

1,913 

828 

396 

60 

46 

116 

1,041 
966 

1,233 

1,740 

1,301 
481 
174 

8,102 

664 

89 

78 

642 

3,888 
376 

1,406 
686 
862 
621 

1,058 

1,306 
117 
686 

1,517 

121 

96 

688 

1,085 
50 

3,154 

1,248 

87 

47 

60 

60 

291 

179 

171 

1,388 
306 
103 
292 
870 

2,093 

747 

477 

904 

95 

79 

2,036 

919 

76 

73 

412 

3,234 
758 
688 

2,010 
134 
485 
121 
42 
663 

1,166 

3,408 
316 

1,496 


Place. 


Hamden p.v. 

Hamden v. 

Hamel - p.tp. 

Hamer tp. 

Hamersville p.v. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton h. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton 1^. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton v. 

Hamilton p.tp, 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton- p.h. 

Hamilton v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton'- tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton  ■. tp. 

Hamilton- p.v. 

Hamilton- c. 

Hamilton. tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton- p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton  Fort h. 

Hamiltonban^ tp. 

Hamilton  Square.,.p.v, 

Ham  Lake— tp. 

Hamler p.v. 

Hamlet p.h. 

Hamlet v. 

Hamlet p.v. 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin p.v. 

Hamlin p.tp. 

HunUin tp, 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin tp, 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlinton p.h. 

Hammer - tp. 

Hammond p.v. 

Hammond p.v, 

Hammond tp. 

Hammond p.v. 

Hammond p.b. 

Hammond p.tp. 

Hammond p.tp. 

Hammond tp. 

Hammond p.v. 

Hammondsport p.v, 

HammondsviUe p.v. 

Hammonton p.v. 

Hammonville p.h. 

Hamorton p.v, 

Hampden tp, 

Hampden p.tp, 

Hampden p.tp, 

Hamixlen v. 

Hampden tp. 

Hampden p.tp, 

Hampden tp. 

Hampden p.tp, 

Hampden  Comer„.p.v. 
Hampshire  - tp. 


County. 


Delaware 

Vinton 

Madison 

Highland 

Brown 

Butte 

Harris 

Hancock 

Lee 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Marion 

Ellis 

Ohio 

Essex , 

Gratiot 

Van  Buren 

Fillmore 

Caldwell , 

Caldwell , 

Harrison 

Gallatin 

White  Pine.-. 

Atlantic 

Mercer 

Madison 

Madison 

Martin 

Martin 

Butler 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Lawrence-...., 

Warren 

Adams 

Franklin 

McKean 

Monroe 

Tioga 

Hamilton 

Loudoun 

La  Crosse,-.,.. 

Iron 

Adams , 

Mercer 

Anoka 

Henry 

Mercer 

Mackinac 

Chautauqua... 

Audubon 

Brown 

Brown 

Aroostook 

Eaton 

Mason 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Monroe 

McKean 

Wayne 

Yellow  Medicine 

Piatt 

Lake 

Spencer 

Tangipahoa.,,. 

Kent 

St.  Lawrence , 

Aiken 

St.  Croix 

St  Croix „ 

Steuben 

Jefferson 

Atlantic 

Hart , 

Chester. 

Coffey 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Baltimore 

Kittson 

Geauga. 

Cumberland-.. 

Columbia .,.- 

Penobscot 

Kane.- , 


State. 


N.  T-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.., 
Iowa. ., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Kan.... 

Ky 

Mass.. 
Mich... 
Mich.. 
Minn . 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mon  -, 
Nev.-. 
N.  J.... 
N.  J.„. 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y... 
N.  C„. 
N.  0... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-, 
Ohio... 
Ohio.,, 
Ohio,.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex..... 

Va 

Wis.-. 
Utah.. 

Pa 

N.  J-. 
Minn, 
Ohio.., 

Ill 

Mich.. 
N.  Y„. 
Iowa., 
Kan.., 
Kan.-. 

Me 

Mich., 
Mich.. 
Minn . 
N.  Y-. 

Pa, 

Pa 

Minn,, 

HI 

Ind„„ 
Ind,.,. 

La 

Mich., 
N.  Y.„ 
S.  0.... 
Wis.... 
Wis..., 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio-. 
N.  J.-, 

Ky 

Pa 

Kan  -,. 

Me , 

Mass,.. 

Md 

Minn., 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Wis 

Me 

Ill 


PopuIattoB. 


1870.     imo. 


133 
364 
980 
969 
161 
1,130 
369 


186 


1,129 
1,665 


3,769 
846 


646 


790 

294 

1,172 


1,668 
975 


1,271 
6,417 
3,687 
1,529 
3,957 

200 
11,081 
1,827 
1,108 
1,108 
2,466 
1,118 
1,630 

120 
1,892 


1,418 


668 
124 


2,304 
121 


2,626 


1,767 

2,660 

896 


602 

604 

1,404 


3,068 


767 
1,109 
1,000 


1,049 


178 
620 

1,222 

1,051 
231 

2,765 
493 

1,025 

427 

62 

1,217 

1,924 
166 

4,486 
840 
417 
886 
123 
232 
283 
936 
656 

1,127 
100 

2,004 

1,200 

803 

60 

203 

1,464 

8,370 

3,912 

1,638 

1,933 

369 

12,122 

1,485 
819 

1,168 

2,623 
721 

1,766 
639 

1,876 

2,060 
277 
248 

1.661 
68 

1,269 
296 
2.35 
231 
72 
934 
232 
376 

1,025 
135 
612 

1,315 
306 
146 

2,656 
830 
90 
238 
216 
699 

2,890 

277 

61 

1,860 

8,589 

1,418 
361 
766 
366 

1,776 

92 

169 

585 

2,911 
958 

2,962 
416 
666 

1,000 
944 
33U 

1,486 


i  Area  reduced  since  1870. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


'  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
307 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAEED. 


Place. 


Hampshire p.T. 

Hampshire tp. 

Hampstead p.v, 

Hampstead „p.tp. 

Hampton p.T. 

Hampton tp. 

Hampton p.v. 

Hampton p.T. 

Hampton tp. 

Hampton p.T. 

Hampton. p.T. 

Hampton p.tp, 

Hampton.... tp. 

Hampton.... p.tp, 

Hampton p.tp, 

Hampton tp. 

Hampton p.tp, 

Hampton p.T. 

Hampton tp. 

Hampton p.h. 

Hampton c. 

Hamptonburg tp. 

Hampton  City t. 

Hampton  C.  H p.T. 

Hampton  Falls p.tp, 

HamptonTille p.h. 

Hamtramck tp. 

HanceTille p.T. 

Hancock... tp. 

Hancock... p.tp. 

Hancock p.T. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.T. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.T. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.h. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.T. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.T. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.h. 

Hancock tp. 

Hancock p.h. 

Handley p.h. 

Handsborough p.T. 

Handy tp. 

Haney tp. 

Hanford p.T. 

Hanging  QroTe  .....tp. 

Hanging  Bock p.T. 

Hanna tp. 

Hanna tp. 

Hanna  Station p.T. 

Hannibal c. 

Hannibal .tp. 

Hannibal p.T. 

Hannibal  Centre  ...p.T. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer p.T. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer p.T. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer p.tp. 

HanoTer. tp. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer p.T. 

HanoTer.. p.tp. 

HanoTer. tp. 

EUinoTer. p.T. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTsr p.T. 

HanoTer. tp. 

HanoTer. tp. 

HanoTer p.T. 

HanoTer p.tp. 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer. tp. 

HanoTer. p.tp. 

Hanover. tp. 

HanoTer p.T, 

HanoTer tp. 

HanoTer t. 

Hanover  1 tp. 

HanoTer tp. 

Hanover tp. 

HanoTer tp. 

Hanover tp. 


Connty. 


Kane 

Clinton 

Carroll 

Rockingham..... 

Calhoun , 

Windham 

Windham 

Henry , 

Rock  Island 

Rock  Island , 

Franklin 

Rush , 

Bay 

Dakota 

Rockingham .... 

Sussex 

Washington 

Adams 

Alleghany 

Lancaster 

Elizabeth  City.. 

Orange..... 

Boyd 

Hampton 

Rockingham  .... 

Yadkin 

Wayne 

Blount 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Washington 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Houghton 

Houghton 

Carver 

Stevens 

Hillsborough .... 
Hillsborough .... 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Addison 

Addison 

Waushara , 

Waushara , 

Tarrant 

Harrison 

LiTingston 

Crawford 

Tulare 

Jasper. 

Lawrence 

Henry 

La  Porte 

La  Porte 

Marion 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Oswego. 

Cook 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Shelby 

Allamakee 

Crawford 

Washington 

Washington 

Oxford 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Jackson 

Jackson.. 

Wexford 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Morris 

Chautauqua 

Ashland 

Butler 

Columbiana. 

Columbiana 

Licking 

Licking 

Beaver 

Lehigh 

Luzerne , 

Northampton.... 
Washington 


State. 


Ill , 

Iowa... 
Md ...., 
N.  H... 

Ark 

Conn.., 
Conn.., 

Ga 

IU„ 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Kan ... 
Mich.., 
Minn.. 
N.  H... 
N.J..., 
N.  T..., 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  0 

Va. 

N.  T..., 

Ky 

S.  0 

N.  H... 
N.  0..., 
Mich.., 

Ala 

Ill , 

Me 

Md 

Mass.. 
Mass.... 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
Minn . 
Minn.. 
N.  H.., 
N.H..., 
N.  T..., 
N.  T.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Tex 

Miss.... 
Mich... 
Wi8.„., 

Cal 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  T.... 
N.T.... 
N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan .... 
Kan .... 

Me 

Mass... 
Mass.... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  H... 
N.  H..., 

N.J 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,030 
236 
935 
138 
891 


2,006 


688 


946 

930 

1,177 

1,023 

955 


938 


1,224 


679 
2,998 


926 
974 
860 
882 


2,700 
'"632 
'  692 
'8,069 


430 


459 

1,306 

489 


393 


964 
486 


10,125 

3,234 

464 


1,098 
1,191 


1,399 
564 
973 

1,672 
550 


188 
1,628 


1,093 


112 
2,085 


3,623 
4,037 
1,832 
1,460 
2,310 

481 
1,166 

322 
1,500 
2,804 
3,035 

499 
1.' 


483 

969 

306 

959 

150 

827 

157 

621 

3,437 

576 

1,598 

675 

2,016 

805 

1,184 

895 

833 

189 

1,003 

46 

2,684 

1,143 

384 

169 

678 

30 

4,440 

150 

1,130 

1,093 

931 

642 

129 

3,041 

1,783 

681 

91 

689 

123 

3,238 

686 

382 

82 

676 

86 

72 

519 

2,301 

636 

269 

448 

624 

785 

595 

186 

11,074 

3,173 

490 

148 

1,300 

1,410 

469 

1,143 

376 

1.009 

1,687 

601 

532 

2,108 

678 

203 

1,897 

1,211 

1,732 

300 

154 

2,147 

1,134 

4,138 

4,221 

2,316 

1,362 

2,258 

443 

1,236 

302 

1,361 

3,813 

2,000 

503 

1,880 


Place. 


Hanover p.b. 

Hanover p.h. 

Hanson p.T. 

Hanson p.tp, 

Hansontown v. 

Hantho tp. 

Hapeville p.h. 

Happy  Camp tp. 

Happy  Camp p.T. 

Happy  Valley v. 

Harbeson p.h. 

Harbison ..tp. 

Harbor  Creek p.tp. 

Hardeeville p.T. 

Hardenburg t. 

Hardenburg tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin »p.T. 

Hardin ..tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin' tp. 

Hardin. p.T. 

Harding t. 

Hardinsburg p.T. 

Hardinsbnrg p.v. 

Hardinsville p.h. 

Hardinsville v. 

Hard  wick p.tp. 

Hard  wick p.tp. 

Hard  wick P-tp. 

Hardy tp. 

Hardy  Station p.T. 

Hardyston tp. 

Hardy  ville p.T, 

Hare's  Corner p.h. 

Harford p.tp. 

Harford tp. 

Harford p.T. 

Harford  Furnace.. .p.T. 

Harford  Mills p.T. 

Haring p.tp, 

Harlan «tp. 

Harlan tp. 

Harlan tp. 

Harlan p.T. 

Harlan p.T. 

Harlan tp. 

Harlansburg p.v. 

Harlelgh ..t. 

Harleeville tp. 

Harlem p.T. 

Harlem t. 

Harlem tp. 

Harlem tp. 

Harlem p.T. 

Harlem tp. 

Harlem p.h. 

Harlem  Springs p.T. 

HarlemTille p.h. 

HarleysTille p.T. 

Harmar p.T. 

Harmarrille p.T. 

Harmer tp. 

Harmon tp. 

Harmon p.T. 

HarmonTllle h. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony p.T. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony p.h. 

Harmony ..p.tp. 

Harmony p.tp. 

Harmony  * p.tp. 

Harmony p.tp. 

Harmony p.tp. 

Harmony ..tp. 

Harmony p.h. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony p.b. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony „  ..tp. 

Harmony »tp. 

Harmony .tp. 

Harmony  GroTe....p.T. 


Connty. 


York 

Bock 

Hopkins 

Plymouth , 

Duval 

Lac  Qui  Parle ... 

Fulton 

Del  Norte , 

Del  Norte 

York 

Sussex 

Dubois 

Erie 

Beaufort 

Jennings 

Ulster 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Pike , 

Greene 

Hardin 

Johnson 

Pottawattamie.. 

Webster 

Clinton 

Ray 

La  Salle 

Washington 

Brcckenridge.... 

Crawford 

Shelby 

Worcester. , 

Warren , 

Caledonia 

Holmes 

Grenada 

Sussex 

Hart 

New  Castle 

Cortland , 

Susquehanna.... 

Susquehanna.... 

Harford 

Cortland 

Wexford 

Fayette 

Page 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Smith 

Warren™ 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Marion 

Colombia.™ 

Cook 

Stephenson 

Winnetmgo 

Clay 

Delaware.™ 

Delaware 

Carroll 

Columbia 

Montgomery .... 

Washington 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Lee... 

Lee 

Montgomery 

Hancock , 

Clay 

Posey 

Union 

Owen 

Somerset 

Fillmore 

Washington 

Warren 

Chautauqua™ 

Clark 

Clark 

Morrow 

Beaver 

Butler 

Forest 

Susquehanna 

Clarendon. 

Rock.™ 

Vernon 

Jackson 


State. 


Pa. 

Wis.™. 

Ky 

Mass.. 

Fla..... 

Minn. 

Ga 

Cal .... 

Cal.... 

Me 

Del.... 

Ind.... 

Pa. 

S.  C™. 

Ind.... 

N.  Y™. 

111™.... 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa.. 

Iowa. . 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Mo .... 

Mo .... 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Ky 

Mass  . 

N.J™. 

Vt 

Ohio™. 

Miss... 

N.  J™. 

Ky 

Del..... 

N.  Y™. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Md.... 

N.  Y..., 

Mich.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Kan™. 

Ohio™., 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Hi 

Mo 

Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
N.  Y..., 

Pa 

Ohio™.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill™ 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Minn.. 

Mo 

N.J™.. 

N.  Y 

Ohio™... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio™... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C.™... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ga. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,839 
'1,219 


382 


1,590 
1.974 


628 
660 


1,468 
195 

2,013 
737 
122 
432 

1,925 


199 
465 


2,219 

638 

1,519 

2,867 


1,6 


68 


997 
1,595 


312 
75B 
466 
128 


2,396 


1,314 


1,243 

781 


1,149 


1,611 


542 


1,467 
697 

2,231 
734 


978 
890 
1,485 
1,406 
3,416 
1,821 


773 

225 

414 

1,226 

1,212 

480 

1,214 

781 


308 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


•  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


POPULATION   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plftce. 


OoiiDty. 


Harmony  Hill p.h. 

HarneUsville p.h. 

Harnett tp. 

Harp tp. 

Harper p.v. 

Harper p.tp. 

Harper tp. 

Harper's  Ferry p.y. 

Harper's  Ferry p.h. 

Harper's  Ferry p. v. 

Harpersfleld tp. 

Harpersfleld pJi. 

Harpersfleld .p.tp. 

Harpers  ville p.v, 

HarpswelL tp. 

Harpswell  Neck.. ..v. 

Harrell's tp. 

Barren's  Store p.h. 

Harrells  ville p.tp. 

Harrietstown tp. 

Harrington p.v. 

Harrington tp. 

Harrington p.v. 

Harrington tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris  ^ ^. 

Harris tp. 

Harrisburg h. 

Harrisburg tp. 

Harrisburg p.v. 

Harrisburg v. 

Harrisburg tp. 

Harrisburg p.h. 

Harrisburg p.tp. 

Harrisburg p.v. 

Harrisburg v. 

Harrisburg v. 

Harrisburg p.v. 

Harrisburg c. 

Harrisburg p.v. 

Harrisburg p.v. 

Harrison p.v. 

Harrison p.tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison„ tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison... .tp. 

Harrison .'. p.tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Heirrison... tp. 

Harrison— tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.^ tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison— tp. 

EUtrrison tp. 

Harrison... ^. 

Harrison ^. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison... tp. 

Harrison* tp. 

Harrison p.tp, 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison p.v. 

Harrison p.v. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison- p.t>, 

Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison  s. tp. 


Rusk 

Somerset 

New  Hanover... 

De  Witt , 

Keokuk- 

Harper 

McPherson 

Allamakee 

Henry 

Jefferson 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Ashtabula 

Shelby 

Cumberland.... 
Cumberland-.. 

Mitchell 

Sampson 

Hertford 

Franklin 

Kent 

Washington-.. 
Washington-.. 

Bergen 

Fulton 

St.  Joseph , 

Ripley 

Franklin 

Stanley 

Ottawa 

Centre 

Marquette 

Jasper 

Saline 

Saline 

Grant 

Yan  Bnren .... 

Boone 

Lewis , 

Franklin 

Montgomery .. 

Stark , 

Linn 

Dauphin 

Sarris 

Washington... 

Boone 

Winnebago....- 
Bartholomew. 

Blackford 

Boone 

Cass 

Clay 

Daviess 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Flkhart 

Fayette 

Harrison 

Henry 

Howard- 

Kuox 

Kosciusko 

Miami 

Moi^an  - 

Owen 

Pulaski- 


Tex  .- 
Pa.... 
N.  C. 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Kan 

Kan-... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

W.  Va... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ala 

Me 

Me 

N.  C 

N.  0 

N.O 

N.T 

Del 

Me 

Me 

N.  J 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Oregon 

Pa 

Tex 

Utah... 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 


Fopnianon. 


187a      1880, 


encer I  Ind., 


Union. 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Wells 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Harrison 

Lee 

Mahaska 

Chautauqua.. 

Franklin 

Jewell 

Nemaha 

Cumberland.. 
Cumberland- 
Clare 

Macomb 

Kandiyohi.... 

Daviess. 

Gmndy 

Mercer...   .... 

Moniteau.-.., 


Ind 

Ind 

Ind.... 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.. .. 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


1,543 
1,164 


1,486 


1,120 
'{',749 
'"479 


1,743 
416 


1,142 


2,664 
1,029 

408 

160 
1,266 

924 
2,190 
1,999 

498 


1,710 
690 


1,089 


1,090 
163 


23,104 
671 


726 
1,228 
l,r 
1,209 
1,171 
2,241 
1,084 
1,086 
1,400 
1,656 

867 
3,462 

807 

2,812 

1,746 

1,202 

378 

461 

763 

1,977 

769 

870 

580 

«,961 

431 

602 

"sso 

988 
1,270 

""*923 


1,219 


606 
831 


914 
1,686 


1,666 

1,071 

264 

747 

480 

146 

21 

764 

1,420 

99 

1,116 

194 

1,773 

802 

1,053 

68 

2,233 

533 

745 

1,290 

386 

2,670 

1,220 

450 

666 

1,900 

1,190 

2,515 

942 

634 

75 

2,302 

934 

146 

971 

88 

1,089 

186 

152 

136 

422 

30,762 

942 

103 

682 

650 

1,162 

2,163 

1,401 

1,157 

3,043 

1,289 

1,090 

1,786 

1,888 

999 

3,562 

1,914 

1,086 

3,266 

1,803 

1,249 

446 

622 

819 

2,279 

816 

1,868 

688 

4,389 

841 

698 

680 

1,999 

1,007 

1,616 

886 

668 

638 

569 

1,168 

323 

129 

744 

624 

766 

667 

1,268 

964 


Place. 


County. 


Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison. tp. 

Harrison— tp. 

Harrison y. 

Harrison p.tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison- tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison- p.v. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison h. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison ^. 

Harrison.- ^. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.- tp. 

Harrison p.v. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrisonburg p.v. 

Harrisonburg p.v. 

Harrison  City p.v, 

Harrison  Station.... p. v. 
Harrisonville....;...h. 

Harrisonvllle p.v. 

Harrisonville v. 

Harrisonvllle p.h. 

Harrisonville p.y. 

Harrisonville p.v. 

Harrisonville p.v. 

Harrisonville v. 

Harrisonville h. 

Harrisonville h. 

Harris  Station p.v. 

Harristown tp. 

Harristown p.y. 

Harristown p.h. 

Hiirrisville p.y. 

Harrisville tp. 

Harrisville p.v. 

Harrisville tp. 

Harrisville p.v. 

Harrisville p.v. 

Harrisville p.v. 

Harrisville tp. 

Harrisville p.b. 

Harrisville v. 

Harrisville v. 

Harrisville p.y, 

Harrisville p.h. 

Harrodsburg p.y. 

Harrodsburg p.y. 

Harshasville p.h. 

Harshaville p.h. 

Harshmansville p.v. 

Hart tp. 

Hart tp. 

Hart p.y. 

Hart p.tp. 

Hart tp. 

Barter. tp. 

Hartford 0. 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford ^. 

Hartford v. 

Hartford p.h. 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford p.y. 

Hartford p.y. 

Hartford - p.tp, 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford p.y. 

Hartford p.tp, 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford.- p.h. 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford.- p.y. 

Hartford y. 


Scotland 

Vernon 

Qloucester 

Hudson  - 

Westchester. 

Carroll 

Champaign 

Darke 

Gallia. 

Hamilton 

Bamilton 

Henry , 

Knox 

Licking , 

Logan 

Montgomery ..., 

Muskingum , 

Paulding 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Portage 

Preble 

Ross , 

Scioto 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Bedford- 

Potter 

James , 

Calumet 

61-ant 

Catahoula 

Rockingham ... 
Westmoreland . 
Tallahatchee.... 

Richmond 

Monroe 

Martin 

Shelby 

Cass 

Gloucester 

Meigs 

Scioto 

Centre 

Fulton 

Obion 

Macon 

Macon 

Washington 

Randolph 

Alcona 

Alcona 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Lewis 

Harrison 

Medina 

Butler 

Kent 

Providence 

Ritchie 

Marquette 

Monroe 

Mercer 

Adams 

Beaver 

Montgomery.... 

Warrick 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Winona- 

Wright 

Clay 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Adams 

Crawford 

Ohio 

Iowa 

Warren 

Ohio 

Oxford 

Van  Boren 

Van  Buren 

Todd 

Pike 

Putnam 

Washington 

Washington 

Guernsey 


State. 


Mo 

Mo 

N.J. 

N.  J-... 

N.T 

Ohio 

Ohio-,.. 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio,... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn.. 

Wis 

Wis 

La 

Va- 

Pa 

Miss-.. 

Ga. 

HI 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  J 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.H.- 
N.H... 
N.  T-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

R.I 

R.I 

W.Va.. 
Wis..... 

Ind 

Ky 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Ill- 

Conn... 
Conn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 

Ky 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich.- 
Minn- 

Mo. 

Mo 

N.  T-.. 
N.Y..„ 
Ohio-.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,491 

416 
3,038 
4,129 

787 
1,024 

944 
2,007 
1,329 

768 
1,417 
1,296 

687 
1,242 

994 
2,116 
1,197 

304 
1,202 
1,271 


2,294 
1,160 
1,032 
1,319 

782 
1,870 

783 
1,062 

421 
1,662 
1,046 

217 
2,036 


1,032 


160 


984 


464 


268 
1,182 
362 


1.1 


140 
*2^!206 


1,892 
1,004 


869 


2,786 

37,180 

37,743 

936 


1.234 


611 

996 

1,709 


1,683 
T,989 


1,804 

1,060 

2,841 

6,898 

1,494 

1,076 

973 

2,174 

1,426 

2,277 

1,850 

1,372 

723 

1,329 

978 

2,667 

1,245 

770 

1,662 

1.461 

84 

2,663 

1,226 

1,325 

1,481 

1,172 

2,362 

978 

1,162 

206 

2,036 

1,090 

243 

2,831 

247 

224 

47 

141 

120 

94 

1,113 

196 

169 

116 

70 

33 

121 

963 

153 

67 

111 

1,400 

649 

870 

621 

363 

318 

1,382 

386 

660 

642 

221 

83 

287 

2,20s 

68 

32 

19« 

2,166 

1392 

464 

906 

1,097 

2,878 

42,016 

42,551 

1,103 

126 

84 

1,679 

267 

624 

863 

2,308 

838 

634 

1,969 

89 

1,760 

392 

146 


i  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  rednced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
809 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUce. 


Hartford. .^...^tp. 

Hartford r. 

Hartford _.p.tp. 

Hartford p.tp. 

Hartford _.tp 

Hartford p.» 

Hartford  City p.r. 

Hartford  City _p.T. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland ^ p.r. 

Hartland ....tp. 

Hartland .....p.r. 

Hartland .^ tp. 

Hartland p.r. 

Hartland p.tp. 

Hartland p.tp. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland p.T. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland .tp. 

Hartland p.  v. 

Hartland  4  Oomeia.p.b. 

Hartleton p.r 

Hartley p.tp. 

Hartley ^ tp. 

Hartsbarg p.y. 

Hartsell'a p.r. 

Hart's  Valls »..p.T. 

Hart's  OroTe.....>...tp. 

Hart's  Island id. 

Hartaook tp. 

Hartstown p.T. 

Hartsrille p.r. 

HartsTille ...._ tp. 

Hartsrille ..^...p.v. 

Hartsrille p.tp, 

HartsTille p.y. 

Hartsrille h. 

Hart  ville„ p.  v. 

Hartville- p.T. 

Hartwell p.T. 

Hartwell p.T. 

Hartwick tp. 

Hartwick p.tp. 

Harvard p.T. 

Harvard tp. 

Harvard p.T. 

Harvard ». p.T. 

Harrel ^ -p.tp. 

Harvey tp. 

HarTey „ tp. 

Harvey „ p.T. 

Harvey tp. 

HarveyBburg.w p.T. 

Harveyrllle .^.h. 

Hanriell p.h. 

Harwich tp. 

Harwich ~p.T. 

Harwinton „.._tp. 

Harwlnton„ p.h. 

Harwood tp. 

Harwood p.T. 

Haskell's  l8land....id. 

Haskins p.r. 

Haslett's tp. 

Hasmarck b. 

Hassan p.tp. 

Haaeard p.h. 

Hastings r. 

Hastings p.T. 

Hastings c. 

Hastings tp. 

Hastings.- c. 

Hastings.- p.T. 

Hastings.- tp. 

Hastings  on  Hadson.pr 

Hatborongh „..p.b. 

Hatcbechabbee....-p.T. 

HatchTille p.T, 

Hatfield p.lp. 

Ebtfield p.tp. 

Hatteras p.tp. 

Hanbetadt p.T. 

Hanght's  Store pji, 

Hanghrille -h. 

Hanppange p.h. 

Hansertown p.h. 

Hauto V. 

HaTana. ...„....p.T. 

BaTana. tp. 

310 


Coonty. 


Sute. 


Licking- 

Licking- 

Tramball-. ». 

Windsor „., 

Washington 

Washington 

Blackford , 

MasoD 

Hartford 

McHenry 

Worth 

Somerset , 

Somerset 

Livingston , 

Livingston 

Freeborn , 

Freeborn 

Niagara. 

Huron _ 

Windsor 

Windsor. 

Pierce „ 

Shawano 

Waukesha 

Windsor. 

Union _ 

O'Brien-. .-.., 

Union , 

Logan 

Morgan- 

Bensselaer. , 

Ashtabula- >... 

Westchester- 

Ellis ..., 

Crawford 

Bartholomew 

Steuben 

Bucks 

Darlington 

Trousdale 

Austin 

Wright- , 

Stark  - ~ 

Hart ..« 

Hamilton.- 

Osceola- 

Otsego 

McHenry- ., 

Worcester- „.. 

Worcester- 

Clay 

Montgomery 

Cowley _ 

Smith 

Marquette 

Meeker.- 

Warren 

Chester.- 

Butler 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

Litchfield , 

Litchfield _. 

Champaign „.. 

Gonz^es 

Cumberland 

Wood 

Gates - 

Deer  Lodge-. 

Hennepin 

Balls _..„. 

Cook 

Mills 

Barry 

Barry- 

Dakota- 

Adams 

Oswego 

Westchester 

Montgomery 

BusselL „..„ 

Barnstable ......... 

Hampshire 

Montgomery 

Dare 

Gibson 

Dallas 

Marlon.- „.. 

Suffolk........ 

Owen- :  Ind 

Carbon Pa.. 

Hale Ala 

Mason '  HI.. 


Ohio-... 
Ohio — 
Ohio-... 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis-.... 

Ind 

W.  Va. 
Conn... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  .. 
Minn ... 
K.  T-... 
Ohio-... 

Vt- 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Wis. 

Vt- 

Pa- 

Iowa.... 

Pa- 

ni- 

Ala 

N.  T-... 
Ohio-.. 
N.  T-.., 
Kan-.. 

Pa- 

Ind 

N.  T-... 

Pa. 

8.  C 

Tenn  „ 
Tex .-.. 

Mo 

Ohio.... 

Oa- 

Ohio-.. 
Mich... 
K.  T_.. 

IlL. 

Mass.... 
Mass... 

Neb 

Ill- 

Kan.... 

Kan 

Mich... 
Minn.., 
Ohio-... 

Pa- 

Mo 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Conn..., 
Conn.« 

lU- 

Tex ..... 

Me 

Ohio — 

N.  0 

Mon-... 
Minn ... 
Mo  -.... 

HI- 

Iowa.„. 
Mich.... 
Mich..~ 
Minn... 

Neb 

N.  T — 

N.Y 

Pa 

Ala 


Pa 

N.  0 

Ind 

Tex—... 

Ind 

N.  T 


Population. 


187a      1880. 


1,017 
229 
1,314 
2,480 
2,685 

""Si's 

918 
789 

1,037 
675 

1,120 

Xl59 


3,226 

953 

1,710 

'574 
541 


292 
i',143 


1,111 
799 


188 
433 
993 


1,845 


154 

87 

47 

2,339 

1,120 

1,341 


384 

388 


3,080 

Xoii 
"""ni 


243 
946 


1,793 
1,126 
3,458 


3,058 


1,694 

1,512 

673 


2,933 


1,164 

349 

1,382 

2,954 

2,739 

1,343 

1,470 

567 

643 

1,054 

619 

1,047 

533 

1,250 

215 

699 

107 

3,340 

854 

1,598 

118 

1,216 

1,196 

287 

61 

300 

104 

1^561 

188 

226 

1,275 

798 

756 

439 

167 

486 

1,016 

101 

1,637 

604 

85 

248 

135 

443 

892 

239 

2,340 

1,607 

1,253 

190 

768 

670 

670 

1,431 

126 

668 

639 

78 

82 

3,265 

612 

1,016 

78 

869 

166 

20 

381 

1,103 

89 

735 

34 

332 

440 

2,531 

1,284 

3,809 

2,817 

2,866 

1,290 

586 

148 

115 

1,495 

1,694 

821 

278 

41 

70 

91 

78 

109 

137 

3,204 


Place. 


Havana.......... p.T. 

Havana. „ p.tp. 

Havana. „ p.h. 

Havana. p.r. 

Havana. p.v. 

Havelock .». tp. 

Haven - .-p.tp. 

Haven - -p.tp. 

Havensport h. 

Havensrille _...p.T. 

Haverfleld ......t. 

Haverford p.tp. 

Haverhill ......c. 

Haverhill tp. 

Haverhill tp. 

Haverhill p.T. 

Haverhill pJu 

Harerstraw tp. 

HaTerstraw p.T. 

Havilah p.T. 

Havre  de  Grace-. ..p.T. 

Haw  Creek -tp. 

Haw  Creek .-tp. 

Haw  Creek .....tp. 

Hawesrllle -p.T. 

Hawk  Creek tp. 

Hawk  Eye .......pJt. 

Hawk  Eye. ....tp. 

Hawkins. p.T. 

Hawklnstown- pJi. 

HawUnsville t. 

Hawklnarllle- p.T. 

HawkinsTille- p.T. 

Hawk's  Nest.........pJi. 

Hawley p.tp. 

Hawley .»>....p.h. 

Hawley p.T. 

Hawleysrille. -p.r. 

Hawthorn .......p.tp. 

Hawthorn .- p.h. 

Haw  Tree ~ tp. 

Haxby ....-h. 

Ebtycock tp. 

Hay  Creek p.tp. 

Hayden  Hill ...p.T. 

Hayes ~...tp. 

Hayee....,»-. tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayee........ ».tp. 

Hayes — tp. 

Hayee tp. 

Hayes... .» -..tp. 

Hayes......^. tp. 

Hayes pii. 

Hayea „ tp. 

Hayes ...tp. 

Hayea tp. 

Hayea tp. 

Hayea....,-.,- tp. 

Hayes .„ p.T. 

Hayea tp. 

Hayea*  Store p.h. 

Hayes  ville p.T. 

Hayfield -..tp. 

Hayfield ......p.tp. 

Hay  Fork tp. 

Hay  Fork p.T. 

Haymaker p.T. 

Haymarket -p.T. 

Haynes  ville P-tp-! 

Hajneaville p.v.  ; 

Haynesville p.tP- 

Hay  River tp. 

Hays tp. 

Hays  City p.T. 

Haysville -pJi. 

Hayvllle .t. 

Hayward -pJi. 

Hayward -p.tp. 

Haywood- p.T. 

Haywood. p.v. 

H^l tp. 

Hazel  Dell tp. 

Hazel  Green tp. 

Hazel  Green p.T. 

Hazel  Bun tp. 

Hazelton p.T. 

Hazelton tp. 

Hazelton -....p.v. 

Hazelton p.tp. 

Hazle  Green -..p.tp. 

Hazle  Green p.v. 

Hazle  Hill tp. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


Mason _ 

Steele- 

Gentry..._ 

Schuyler 

Huron 

Chippewa .......... 

Reno-. 

Sherburne 

Fnirfleld 

Pottawatomie 

Grafton.- _ ... 

Delaware- 

Essex 

Olmsted- 

Grafton- 

Grafton  _....-„.„ 

Scioto 

Rockland ..._.. 

Rockland.- „.. 

Kern.- 

Harford. 

Knox 

Bartholomew  -.... 

Morgan 

Hancock 

Benville 

Fayette ........ 

Osborne- 

Wood 

Shenandoah- 

Siskiyou 

Pnlaskl 

Oneida 

Fayette- 

Franklin 

Clay 

Wayne - 

Page 

White 

Montgomery 
Warren  ....... 

Iroquois....... 

Backs 

Goodhue 

Laasen 

Bnena  Vista. 

Ida - 

Dickinson-... 

Franklin 

McPherson... 

MitcheU. 

Reno- 

Stafford  - 

Meade 

CharleToIx... 

Clare-. 

Otsego. 

Swift-. 

aay 

Clay 

Franklin 

Madison 

Ashland 

Dodge _.. 

Crawford | 

Trinity- 

Trinity-. I 

McKean. 

Prince  William...  i 

Pratt. I 

Claiborne-. 

Aroostook. 

Dunn- ».....„. 

Crawford 

Ellis _ _.. 

Dubois 

Delaware-..- 

Custer 

Freeborn 

Alameda 

Chatham 

Luzerne 

Pottawattamie.... 

Grant- 

Grant- 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Gibson 

Buchanan 

Buchanan- — 

Shiawassee 

Delaware  _ 

Wolfe ™. 

Johnson 


1870.      1880. 


Ill- 

Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Minn...!.. 
Kan-...  .., 
Minn—  1... 

Ohio I 

Kan ,.. 

N.  H_ 
Pa...... 

Mass. 
Minn 
N.H- 
N.H- 
Ohio- 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 
Cal .... 
Md ..... 

lU 

Ind 

Mo 

Ky 

Minn.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan.... 
Tex.-.. 

Va 

Cal .... 

Ga 

N.  Y— 
W.  Va 


1,785 
636 


1,273 


200 


1,640 
901 


Minn ... 

Pa- 

Iowa.... 

HI 

Iowa.... 
N.  C  — 

lU 

Pa- 

Minn... 

Ottl 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan-.„ 

Kan 

Ky 

»lich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
N.  C-... 

N.  C 

N.  C-... 

Ala 

Ohio 

Minn... 

Pa- 

Cal 

Cal 

Pa. 

Va 

Kan 

La 

Me I       166 

Wis-. 
Iowa, 
Kan. 
Ind... 
Pa-... 


1,338 

13,092 

650 

2,271 


6,412 


2,281 
1,066 
2,634 
1,731 
856 
363 


813 


672 


884 

35 

1,630 


676 

18 

1,824 


Dakota. 
Minn... 

Cal 

N.  C 

Pa- 

Iowa.... 
Wis.-... 

Wis 

Minn.- 

Ind 

Iowa  ... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mo 


604 


7,110 


2,161 
723 


356 
885 


822 

762 

77 

1,90* 


89 

692 

77 

1,882 

181 

1,942 

86 

1,649 

96 

1,332 

929 

131 

371 

381 

664 

680 

COS 

624 

664 

329 

25 

467 

373 

101 

408 

1,300 
111 

2,548 

26 

663 

500 

1,954 
358 
178 
220 
107 
532 
123 
224 
340 
652 
860 
95 
177 
38 
668 

1,231 

182 

10,647 

919 

1^1 
598 
117 
618 

1,088 
210 

1,820 
807 
132 

1,263 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Hazlebant p.r. 

Hazleton.. p.b. 

Hazlettville p.h. 

Hazlewood p.tp. 

Hazlewood tp. 

HeadaTiUe p.h. 

HeafnersTille  - t. 

Healdsburg p.T. 

Healing  Springs. ...p.tp. 

Healthvllle v. 

Heame p.T. 

Heartwellville p.v. 

Heath p.tp. 

Heath tp. 

Heath tp. 

Heath's  Creek  ^ tp. 

HeathTille h. 

HebbardsTille p.T. 

HebbardsTllle.. p.h. 

Heber p.T. 

Hebron™ p.tp. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron p.T. 

Hebron ., p.T. 

Hebron™ p.h. 

Hebron p.tp, 

Hebron p.T. 

Hebron p.tp, 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron p.T. 

Hebron t. 

Hebron p.tp. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron p.h. 

Hebron p.h. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron p.T. 

HeckscherTille p.T. 

Hecla T. 

Hector tp. 

Hector— p.T. 

Hector p.tp. 

Hector p.tp, 

Hector's  Creek tp. 

Hedge  City p.h. 

HedgesTille™ p.T. 

Hegbert tp. 

Begins p.tp. 

Heidelberg tp. 

Heidelberg tp. 

Heidelberg tp. 

Heidelburg  * tp. 

Heislerrille p.T. 

Helen tp. 

Helena p.T. 

Helena* tp. 

Helena. p.tp. 

Helena p.b. 

Helena c. 

Helena p.T. 

Helena p.T. 

Helena p.T. 

Helena  Station p.h. 

HelenTllle t. 

Helfenstein p.T. 

Hellam~ p.tp. 

Heller's tp. 

Hel  lerto  wn p.b. 

Helltown™ t. 

Helt tp. 

Helton p.tp. 

Heltonville p.T. 

HelTetia tp. 

HeWetia p.h. 

HelTetia tp. 

Hematite p.T. 

Hemlock  ™ tp. 

Hemlock  Lake p.T. 

Hempfleld tp. 

Hempfield tp. 

Hempstead tp. 

Hempstead p.T. 

Hempateeul p.T. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.y. 

Henderson c. 

Henderson p.b. 

Henderson p.b. 

Henderson tp. 


Ooan^. 


Copiah 

Lnzeme 

Kent 

Webster 

Chester 

Robertson 

Jefferson 

Sonoma 

DaTidson 

York 

Robertson 

Bennington 

Franklin 

Allegan 

Jefferson 

Pettis 

Jefferson 

Henderson 

Athens 

Wasatch 

Tolland 

McHenry 

McHenry  „ 

Porter 

Boone 

Oxford 

Thayer 

Grafton- 

Washing^n 

Licking 

Lebanon  

Potter 

Marlborough 

Orangeburg  ™ 

Washington™ 

Pleasants 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Schuylkill 

Hopkins 

Renville 

Renville 

Schuyler 

Potter 

Harnett 

Knox 

Berkeley 

Swift 

Schuylkill 

Berks 

Lebanon  

Lehigh 

York. ,. 

Cumberland 

McLeod 

Phillips 

Antrim 

Scott 

Andrew 

Lewis  and  Clarke, 

St.  Lawrence 

Sandusky 

Karnes 

Iowa 

St.  Charles 

Schuylkill 

York 

Newberry 

Northampton 

Butte 

Vermilion 

Ashe 

Lawrence 

Madison 

Randolph 

Waupaca 

Jefferson 

Columbia. 

Livingston 

Mercer 

Westmoreland .... 

Queens 

Queens 

Waller 

Pike 

Knox 

Knox 

Henderson 

Caroline 

Shiawassee 

Wexford 


State. 


Miss 

Pa 

Del 

Mo 

8.0 

Tex 

Mo , 

Cal 

N.  0.... 

Pa. 

Tex-..., 

Vt , 

Mass..., 
Mich..., 

Pa , 

Mo , 

Pa. , 

Ky 

Ohio 

Utah.... 
Conn..., 

Ill , 

111 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Neb. 

N.H.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  C 

S.  C 

Utah..., 
W.Va... 

Wis , 

Wis , 

Pa 

Ky 

Minn .., 
Minn .., 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  0 

Mo 

W.Va.. 
Minn .., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa , 

N,  J.„.. 
Minn  .. 

Ark 

Mich..., 
Minn  .., 

Mo 

Mon 

N.  Y,... 

Ohio 

Tex 

Wis 

La 

Pa 

Pa 

8.0 

Pa. 

Cal , 

Ind , 

N.  C.™.. 

Ind 

Ill 

W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Mo. 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Tex 

Ala 

ni 

Ill 

Ky 

Md 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


662 
4,317 


1,267 
1,566 


959 
675 


613 
1,000 

247 
2,623 


668 

1,279 

930 


744 


382 
2,399 

478 


754 

1,581 

311 


1,372 


4,906 
651 


1,154 
1,193 
2,256 
1,441 
2,266 

"476 

2,249 

483 

1,089 


3,106 


1,639 
2,061 


2,794 
1,004 


2,707 
*"l48 


1,170 
267 
1,119 
6,819 
13,999 
2,316 


1,742 
"4,171" 


463 

7,161 
59 

1,232 

2,664 
49 
150 

1,133 
643 
218 

1,421 
122 
560 
815 
207 

1,273 

46 

133 

92 

1,291 

1,243 
918 
137 
716 
96 
601 
466 
329 

2,383 
489 
140 
836 

2,829 

960 

75 

71 

1,118 
142 
439 
278 
394 
196 

6,025 
968 
732 
23 
383 
336 

1,430 

1,281 

2,408 

1,567 
916 
338 
967 

3,652 
391 

1,383 
31 

3,624 
129 
111 
286 
77 
374 
122 

1,963 

2,400 
605 
150 

3,027 

1,211 
111 

3,359 

66 

243 

116 

1,080 
269 

1,006 

6,286 
18,164 

2,521 

1,612 
143 

1,454 
198 

6,366 

62 

66 

194 


Place. 


Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.b. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.h. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson  Harbor.h. 
Hendersonville  ...™tp. 
Hendersonville™....p.T. 

Hendersonville t. 

Hendersonville p.T. 

Hendricks ....tp. 

Hendricks tp. 

Hendricks tp. 

Hendrum p.tp. 

Hendrysburg- p.T. 

Henefer p.y. 

Henley h. 

Hennepin tp. 

Hennepin p.T. 

Henniker tp. 

Henniker p.T. 

Henning p.T. 

Henrietta p.tp, 

Henrietta p.tp. 

Henrietta p.tp. 

Henrietta p.tp, 

Henry tp. 

Henry p.T. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry  Clay tp. 

Henry  Station p.T. 

Henry  ville p.T. 

Henryville v. 

Henryville v. 

Henryville tp. 

Hensley tp, 

Hensley tp. 

Hensonville p.v. 

Hepburn  „ tp. 

Hepler p.T. 

Heppner p.T. 

Herald's  Prairie.. ..tp. 

Herbertsville v. 

Herdland tp. 

Hereford p.tp. 

Herkimer. tp. 

Herkimer p.T. 

Herman h. 

Herman p,T. 

Herman tp. 

Herman p.h. 

Herman p.tp. 

Herman tp. 

Herman tp. 

Hermann p.T. 

Hermansville p.T, 

Herman  town t. 

Hermitage p.T. 

Hermitage pJi. 

Hermon. p.b. 

Hermon p.tp. 

Hermon tp. 

Hermon p.T, 

Hernando p.T, 

Hemdon p.b, 

Hemdon p.T. 

Hemdon p.T. 

Heron  Lake tp. 

Heron  Lake p.T. 

Herrick p.tp. 

Herri  ck tp. 

Herrick  Centre p.T, 

Herscher p,y. 

Horsey tp, 

Hersey tp, 

Hersey p.T. 

Hersey p.tp, 

Hersey p,T. 

Hersman pji. 


Connty. 


Sibley 

Sibley «. 

Webster 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson 

Granville 

Granville 

Huntingdon 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Madison 

Rusk 

Jefferson 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Colleton 

Sumner 

Shelby 

Chautauqua. 

Mackinac 

Polk 

Belmont 

Summit 

Siskiyou 

Putnam™ 

Putnam 

Merrimac 

Merrimac™ 

Lauderdale 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Lorain 

Richland 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Fulton 

Henry 

Van  Buren 

Ottawa 

Vernon 

Wood 

Fayett«™ 

Henry 

Clarke 

Logan 

Nicholas 

Renville 

Champaign 

Johnson 

Greene 

Lycoming 

Crawford 

Umatilla 

White 

Ocean 

Clay 

Berks 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Lake 

Grant 

St.  Louis 

Washington 

Dodge 

Shawano 

Sheboygan 

Gasconade 

Menominee 

St.  Clair 

Hickory 

Mercer 

Knox 

Penobscot 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

De  Soto 

Saline 

Northumberland 

Fairfax 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna 

Kankakee 

Aroostook 

Osceola. 

Osceola 

Nobles 

St  Croix 

Brown 


State. 


Minn, 
Minn, 

Mo 

N.  Y„, 
N.  Y™ 
N.  0.., 
N.O.. 
Pa..... 
Pa™... 

Pa. 

Tenn. 
Tex..., 
N.  Y.. 
N.C.™ 
N.O... 
S.C..., 
Tenn. 
Ind.... 
Kan™ 
Mich. 
Minn 
Ohio.. 
Utah. 
Cal,,.. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.H™ 
N.  H, 
Tenn 
Mich. 
N.  Y.., 
Ohio™ 
Wis... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Mo..., 
Ohio., 

Pa 

Tenn 
Ind.,. 
Ky.... 
Ky..,. 
Minn 

111 

Ind... 
N.  Y™ 

Pa 

Kan.™ 
Oregon. 

Ill 

N.  J.„ 
Iowa. 

Pa 

N.Y™ 
N.  Y„ 
Dak,., 
Minn 
Minn 
Neb.™ 
Wis,., 
Wis™, 
Wis.™ 
Mo.... 
Mich. 

Ill 

Mo.... 
Pa...., 

Ill 

Me,... 
N.Y™ 
N.  Y™.„ 
Miss. 
Mo..„ 

Pa 

Va.„. 
Minn 
.Minn 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Me.... 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Wis.,. 
Ill 


PopvlatloD, 


1870,      1880, 


686 
706 


1,926 
339 

3,033 
645 
661 
884 


918 


1,636 

278 


1,704 


172 


976 
2,280 
927 
754 
2,613 
2,162 
1,919 
2,818 


680 
685 
951 


804 
1,668 


971 
1,160 


1,260 
2,949 
1,220 


1,939 


2,262 
1,336 


1,489 

1,792 

673 

730 


1,009 
060 


107 
286 


684 

964 

146 

1,842 

407 

4,696 

1,421 

738 

872 

63 

493 

1,666 

89 

2,66i 

564 

263 

170 

1,829 

860 

434 

257 

286 

262 

90 

1,734 

623 

1,326 

365 

148 

1,134 

2,243 

894 

1,006 

2,168 

1,728 

1,889 

3,666 

590 

364 

1,152 

1,688 

1,232 

146 

218 

111 

277 

337 

765 

1,712 

129 

857 

100 

318 

1,983 

262 

153 

1,406 

3,593 

2,359 

68 

184 

293 

96 

1,641 

462 

2,133 

1,314 

232 

197 

167 

49 

74 

1,394 

1,634 

622 

683 

56 

306 

422 

226 

163 

936 

1,104 

172 

103 

169 

778 

472 

199 

318 

36 


1  Since  187a  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
811 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Hertford » tp. 

Hertford p.T. 

Hesper tp. 

Hesper p.y. 

Hesperia p.v. 

Heatoria v. 

Heth tp. 

Henvelton p.v. 

Hewet „  tp. 

Heyward „ tp. 

Hey  worth p.v. 

Hiawassee p.v. 

Hiawatha tp. 

Hiawatha p.v. 

Hiawatha tp. 

Hibler tp. 

Hickman p.v. 

Hickman p.h. 

Hickman  Mills p.h. 

Hickory tp. 

Hickory p.tp. 

Hickory pji. 

Hickory tp. 

Hickory p.tp, 

Hickory ~..tp. 

Hickory tp. 

Hickory tp. 

Hickory p.v. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove p.h. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Hill tp. 

Hickory  Hill p.h. 

Hickory  Mountaiu.tp. 

Hickory  Point tp. 

Hickory  Valley p.h. 

Hicksford p.v. 

Hickaville v. 

Hicksville p.v. 

Hickaville tp. 

Hicksville p.v. 

Hidalgo ^.p.v. 

Higbee p.v. 

Higgius tp. 

Higgins. ^ tp. 

Higgiusport MM.p.v. 

Higginsville p.v. 

High  Bridge..^ p.tp. 

High  Falls.. ..«^...p.v. 

High  Forest tp. 

High  Forest p.v. 

Highgate tp. 

Highgate ^....p.v. 

Highgate  Centre...p.v. 

High  Hill p.v. 

High  Hill „ tp. 

High  Lake «.M..tp. 

Highland _tp. 

Highland „p.v. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland p.tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland ^. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Higliland tp. 

Highland .tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland ,....p.v. 

Highland ^^...tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland... ..p.h. 

Highland ...pltn. 

Highland „tp. 

Highland „tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland „tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland ..tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland „tp. 


Ooanty. 


Perquimans... 
Perquimans.. . 
Winneshiek... 
"Winneshiek... 

Oceana 

Brown 

Harrison 

St.  Lawrence., 

Clark 

Colleton 

McLean 

Towns 

Brown 

Brown ~... 

Schoolcraft.... 

Edgefield 

Fulton 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Schuyler 

Butler 

Harford ^ 

Holt 

Catawba. 

Forest 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Washington .. 

Bentou.~ 

Jasper 

Monroe 

Scott ^ 

Warren 

Grant 

Wayne.. ..M,^. 

Cole 

Chatham 

Macon 

Hardeman 

Greenville 

Bristol 

Queens 

Defiance 

Defiance 

Hidalgo 

Randolph 

Boscommon... 

McDowell 

Brown 

Lafayette 

Hnnterdon.... 

Ulster 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Montgomery . 
Darlington.... 

Emmett 

Grundy  ~ 

Madison ^ 

Franklin 

Greene 

Vermilion 

Clayton 

Greene 

Guthrie 

O'Brien^ 

Palo  Alto. 

Tama 

Union 

Wapello 

Washington... 
Winneshiek^. 

Clay 

Doniphan^.... 

Harvey 

JewelL >.., 

Lincoln-.....^ 

Morris 

Lincoln  

Somerset 

Oakland , 

Osceola 

Wabasha , 

Lewis , 

Oregon 

Orange 

Sullivan 

Defiance 


State. 


N.O 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich... 

Ohio 

Ind 

N.T 

Wis 

S.C 

Ill 

Ga. 

Kan 

Kan ..... 
Mich.... 
N.  C 

Ky 

Neb 

Mo 

Ill 

Kan 

Md 

Mo 

N.  0 

Pa. 

Pa_ 

Pa- 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Mo... 

Wis.- 

lU 

Mo..., 
N.  0.. 
111...., 
Tenu 
Va... 
Mass, 

N.  Y 

Ohio...., 
Ohio-.. 

Tex 

Mo 

Mich... 
N.  0  .... 
Ohio-.., 

Mo 

N.J 
N.T, 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 

S.  0 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
lovra.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  — 

Kan 

Kan  -... 
Kan  -... 
Kan ..... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  T — 
N.  T-... 
Ohio 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,188 

486 

1,041 


1,615 


1,467 
300 


1,607 
1,120 


557 


1,691 
613 
916 

7,700 


462 


1, 

1,763 
907 

878 


960 
1,136 


1,287 


401 
630 


994 

249 

2,260 


182 
980 
1,757 
1,796 
1,321 
2,294 
834 


503 
247 
959 
753 
922 


282 


128 

1,241 

68 

716 


958 
946 


1,416 

661 

1,000 

212 

147 

376 

1,729 

513 

156 

1,748 

560 

104 

2,849 

1,375 

192 

1,783 

1,264 

83 

21 

680 

431 

43 

988 

3,071 

831 

1,002 

6,926 

205 

807 

747 

50 

1,261 

2,140 

771 

1,017 

18 

1,955 

1,205 

78 

322 

120 

1,621 

2,381 

1,212 

259 

347 

687 

406 

762 

797 

2,209 

671 

962 

180 

2,088 

184 

131 

223 

1,654 

319 

1,042 

1,969 

1,826 

1,219 

2,433 

847 

237 

608 

387 

289 

^m 

640 

963 

865 

782 

622 

441 

538 

658 

260 

469 

73 

121 

1,414 

198 

858 

1,600 

268 

3,404 

1,013 

1,226 


Place. 


Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland. tp. 

Highland. tp. 

Highland. v. 

Highland tp. 

Highland v. 

Highland tp. 

Highland! tp. 

Highland p.v. 

Highland  Falls p.v. 

Highland  Mills p.v. 

Highland  Park p.b. 

Highlands p.v. 

Highlands p.h. 

Highland  Station...p.h. 

Highlandtown v. 

Higlilandtown h. 

High  Market tp. 

High  Point -p.tp. 

High  Point tp. 

High  Point p.v. 

High  Point tp. 

High  Point p.v. 

High  Prairie p.tp. 

High  Prairie tp. 

Higli  Shoals tp. 

High  Spire p.v 

High  Tower p.h 

Higlitowers -p.tp. 

Hightstown -...p.b. 

High  water...- tp. 

Hilbert -p.v. 

Hill tp. 

Hill p.v. 

Hill tp. 

Hiliaty -.p.tp. 

Hillear tp. 

Hillear h. 

Hillerton p.v. 

Hill  Grove p.v. 

Uilliard p.v. 

Hilliard p.h. 

Hilliard's. p.v. 

Hillisbnrg p.v. 

Hills ^.„v. 

Hillsborough.- p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough tp. 

Hills  borough p.v. 

Hillsborough v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough h. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsl>orough p.v. 

Hillsborongh p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough .tp. 

Hillsborough  ........p.v, 

Hillsborough p.tp. 

Hillsborough ..tp. 

Hillsborough -p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

HillslK>rough p.v. 

Hillsborough v. 

Hillsborough  ....„-tp. 

Hillsborough -pJi. 

Hillsborough -p.v. 

Hillsborough h. 

Hillsborough tp. 

Hillsborough  p.v. 

Hlllsboro'  Bridge -.p.v. 
Hillsboro'  Centre  ...p.h. 
Hil  Isboro'  Upper  Vil  .p.h, 

Hillsdale v. 

Hillsdale p.h. 

Hillsdale p.v. 

Hillsdale ....p.v. 

Hillsdale c. 

Hillsdale ..tp. 

Hillsdale  - tp. 

Hillsdale ^..tp. 

Hillsdale p.v. 

Hillsdale „. h. 

Hillsdale p.v. 

Hill's  Ferry p.v. 

Hill's  Grove p.h. 

Hillsgrove tp. 

Hillsgrove p.v. 

Hill's  Grove p.v. 

Hillsville -p.v. 


County. 


Muskingum-.. 

Adams 

Chester- 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Blk 

Luzerne 

Greenville 

Iowa 

Iowa , 

Orange 

Orange , 

Lake 

Monmouth 

Macon 

Doniphan 

Baltimore 

Columbiana.... 

Lewis , 

Decatur 

Ness 

Moniteau.- 

Guilford 

Guilford 

Leavenworth., 

Webster 

Rutherford.,.., 

Dauphin , 

Forsyth 

Caswell 

Mercer 

Cottonwood 

Calumet 

Merriniac  -...., 
Merrimac-.... 
Montgomery.., 

Graham , 

Kuo.Y 

Knox , 

Gunnison.-..., 

Darke 

Franklin 

Uintah 

Butler 

Clinton 

Schuylkill , 

Lawreuce.-...., 

Union 

Moutgomery .. 
Montgomery ., 

Clinton 

Fountain.- 

Henry 

Henry 

Marion 

Fleming 

Caroline 

Hillsborongh.. 
Hillsborough.. 

Somerset 

Orange , 

Orange 

Highland.- 

Washington-.. 
Washington.... 

Marion 

Coffee 

Loudoun 

Pocahontas 

Vernon.- 

Vernon 

Hillsborough- 
Hillsborough.. 
Hillsborough.. 
Wafhingtou-., 
Rock  Island-., 

Mills 

Miami 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale , 

Winona. 

Columbia- , 

Columbia.- 

Northumberland.1 

Iron 

Stanislaus — ., 
McDonough-.. 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Kent 

Lawrence , 


State. 


Ohio. 
Pa...., 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa...., 

Pa 

S.C, 
Wis.. 
Wis.. 

N.  y. 

N.T. 

111.... 

N.J. 

N.C. 

Kan. 

Md.. 

Ohio. 

N.T. 

Iowa, 

Kan.. 

Mo... 

N.O. 

N.  0.-... 

Kan. 

Mo... 

N.C. 

Pa„... 

Qa 

N.  C- 
N.  J. 
Minn 
WU.„ 
N.  H. 
N.H. 
N.C. 
Kan- 
Ohlo-... 
Ohio- 
Col... 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Wy... 

Pa 

Ind... 
Pa..... 
Ala... 
Ark.- 
Hl 

ni 

Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Iowa., 
Kan„. 

Ky 

Md..., 
N.  H_ 
N.  H- 
N.  J- 
N.  C-... 
N.C-.. 
Ohio..., 
Oregon 

Pa 

S.C... 
Tenn .., 

Va- 

W.  Va. 

Wis. 

Wis.-., 
N.  H... 
N.  H... 
N.  H..., 

D.  C 

Ill- 

Iowa..., 

Kan 

Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn.., 
N.  T-.., 
N.  T-.., 

Pa- , 

Utah..., 

Cal 

HI 

Pa. 

Pa. 

R.  I.-., 
Pa. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


784 
421 
958 
624 


98 


1,261 

3,016 

482 


1,061 
796 


1,627 
'1,360 


904 
612 


1,502 
1,347 


620 
'477 
'931 


282 


3,417 


96 


1,464 


3,443 

3,624 

809 

2,818 


1,818 
""246 
'"986 


3,518 
662 
417 

2,083 


249 


312 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


HIUsTllle p.T. 

Htntown _ V. 

Hllltown.. p.tp. 

Hillyard tp. 

Hilton tp. 

Hilton y. 

Hilton p.y. 

Hilton  Head p.tp. 

Himrod'B p.v. 

Hinckley p.v. 

Hinckley pint. 

Hinckley p.tp. 

Hinckley p.tp. 

HindoBtan b. 

Hines  bo  rough p.h. 

Hinesburg tp. 

Hinesburg p.T. 

Hlnesville v. 

Bingham p.tp. 

Hinkleton p.v. 

Hinkleville p.h. 

Hinkloville p.h. 

Hiukloyville h. 

Hinniansville p.v. 

Hinsdale p.v. 

Hinsdale p.tp. 

Hinsdale.- tp. 

Hinsdale p.v. 

Hinsdale. tp. 

Hinsdale p.v. 

Hinsdale v. 

Hinton tp. 

Hinton p.v. 

Hiram p.tp. 

Hiram  1 tp. 

Hiram p.v. 

Hiramsburg p.h. 

Hire tp. 

HiseTiUe p.v. 

Hittle tp. 

Hiwassee tp. 

Uixou tp. 

Hixton P-tp. 

Hoagland p.h. 

Huaglin tp. 

Hobart tp. 

Hobart p.v. 

Hobart p.tp. 

Hobart tp. 

Hobart p.v. 

Hobble p.h. 

Hobbe p.h. 

Hoboken c. 

Hoboken v. 

Hocking tp. 

Hockingport p.v. 

Hockley p.v. 

Hodgdon p.tp. 

Hodgeusville p.v. 

Hodges tp. 

Hodges p.v. 

Hodge's  Park p.v. 

Hoflf tp. 

Hoffman's  Hollow. v. 

Hofimansville h. 

Hogan tp. 

Hogansburg p.v. 

Hoganville p.v. 

Hogback tp. 

Hogestt)wn p.v. 

Hog  Island isl. 

Hohokus p.tp. 

Hokah tp. 

Hokah p.v. 

Holbrook p.tp. 

Holbrook p.v. 

Holcomb „ p.h. 

Holden p.tp. 

Holden p.tp. 

Holden p.tp. 

Holden p.v. 

Holden tp. 

Holden p.v. 

Holder p.h. 

Holdernesa p.tp. 

Holding tp. 

Holgate p.v. 

Holiday's  Oove p.h. 

Holland tp. 

Holland p.v. 

Holland p.v. 


Conuty. 


Oarroll 

St.  Fran9oi8... 

Bucks 

Macoupin 

Iowa 

Blue  Earth.... 

Essex.. 

Beaufort 

Yates 

DeKalb 

Washington... 

Pine 

Medina. 

Monroe 

Douglas 

Chittenden.... 
Chittenden.... 

Liberty 

Plymouth 

Lancaster 

Ballard 

Upshur. 

Monroe 

Oswego. „ 

Du  Page 

Berkshire 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Cattaraugus... 
Cattaraugus ... 

Queens 

Mecosta. 

Summers 

Oxford 

Portage  „ 

Portage 

Noble 

McDonongh„ . 

Barren 

Tazewell 

Clay 

Clark 

Jackson 

Allen 

Van  Wert 

Lake 

Lake 

Rooks 

Otter  Tail 

Delaware 

Luzerne 

Tipton  

Hudson 

Alleghany 

Fairfield 

Athens..... 

Harris 

Aroostook 

La  Rue 

Stevens 

Abbeville 

Alexander...... 

Pope 

Alleghany 

Lehigh 

Dearborn 

Franklin 

Troup 

Transylvania . 
Cumberland... 
Cumberland... 

Bergen 

Houston 

Houston 

Norfolk 

Suffolk 

Ogle 

Penobscot..... 

Worcester 

Goodhue 

Johnson 

Pender 

Millard- 

McLean- 

Grafton 

Stearns 

Henry 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Dubois 

Grundy 


SUte. 


Va... 

Mo.., 

Pa... 

III... 

Iowa.... 

Minn.. 

N.  J.„.. 

8.0 

N.  T.... 

HI 

Me 

Minn .. 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

Ill 

Vt 

vt 

Qa 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Ky 

W.  Va.. 
N.  T.... 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Mass.... 
N.  H. .. 
N.  H... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Mich... 
W.  Va. 

Me 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ky 

Ill 

N.  C... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan-.. 
Minn .. 
N.  Y„.. 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  J.... 

Pa 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Tex 

Me 

Ky 

Minn.. 

8.0 

Ill 

Minn.. 

Md 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  Y„.. 

Ga 

N.O 

Pa 

Me 

N.  J-,.. 
Minn .. 
Minn ... 


N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Me 

Mass... 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

N.O 

Utah... 

Ill 

N.  H-.. 
Minn  .. 

Ohio 

W.  Va.. 

Ill , 

Ind 

Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


268 
"2,869 
""663 


3,073 


19 
256 
972 


1,673 
'4,4^ 


164 


1,696 
1,342 


1,491 
321 


390 


1,393 
1,234 


1,186 


940 
418 


622 
1,037 


20,297 


2,006 


949 


213 


2,632 
613 
626 


768 
2,062 
1,199 
1,676 


266 


793 


1,362 


297 

116 

3,162 

1,123 

860 

133 

316 

2,613 

310 

368 

345 

142 

962 

36 

97 

1,330 

257 

162 

4,485 

183 

88 

58 

96 

152 

819 

1,595 

1,868 

1,351 

1,594 

300 

110 

986 

879 

1,452 

1,068 

144 

45 

1,295 

166 

921 

416 

600 

1,363 

99 

1,180 

1,650 

600 

301 

246 

390 

91 

39 

80,999 

317 

2,412 

191 

308 

1,089 

382 

306 

271 

280 

283 

203 

78 

912 

333 

4U0 

309 

163 

31 

2,920 

616 

961 

2,180 

201 

39 

717 

2,499 

1,183 

2,014 

969 

365 

39 

70.J 

603 

696 

37 

1,460 

199 

262 


Place. 


Holland tp, 

Holland tp, 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland tp. 

Holland c. 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland p.h. 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland tp. 

Holland tp. 

Holland  Patent p.v. 

Hollandsburg p.h. 

Hollandville h. 

HoUansburg p.v. 

HolIeubackS tp. 

HoUenberg p.tp 

Hollengsworth tp. 

HoUey p.v. 

HoUiday p.v. 

HoUidaysburg p.b. 

Hollis tp. 

Hollis p.h. 

Hollis p.tp 

Hollis tp. 

Hollis p.v. 

Hollis  Centre p.h. 

Hollister tp. 

Hollister p.v. 

Hollisterville p.v. 

Holliston p.tp. 

Hollow tp 

HoUoway's p.tp. 

Hollowayville p.v, 

Hollow  Creek tp. 

Hollow  Poplar tp. 

HollowvlUe p.v. 

Holly tp. 

Holly p.v. 

Holly tp. 

Holly tp. 

Holly  Grove. p.v. 

Holly  Grove tp. 

Holly  Hill p.h 

Holly  Springs p.v. 

Holly  Springs p.v, 

Hollywood p.v, 

Hollywood tp. 

Hollywood V. 

Holman tp. 

Holman  Station p.v. 

Holmdel p.tp. 

Holmes tp. 

Holmes tp. 

Holmes tp. 

Holmes  City p.v. 

Holmesville p.h. 

Holmesville p.v. 

Holmwood- p.tp. 

Holt p.tp. 

Holt tp. 

Holt p.v. 

Holton- p.v. 

Holtou tp. 

Holton p.v. 

Holton tp. 

Holt's  Summit p.h. 

Holts  ville p.T. 

Holyoke ....0. 

Home tp. 

Home tp. 

Home p.tp, 

Home  City v. 

Homer tp. 

Homer h. 

Homer.- p.v. 

Homer.- p.v. 

Homer- v. 

Homer.- tp. 

Homer. p.li. 

Homer.- tp. 

Homer— tp. 

Homer.- p.h. 

Homer.- p.v. 

Homer— tp. 

Homer p.T. 

Homec- tp. 

Homer— tp. 

Homer.- p.h. 

Homer tp. 


Oonnty. 


Sioux 

Dickinson- 

Hampden 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Hunterdon 

Erie 

Lucas 

Orleans.- 

Brown 

La  Crosse 

Sheboygan 

Oneida 

Parke , 

York 

Darke 

Luzerne , 

Washington... 
Montgomery.. 

Orleans 

Monroe- 

Blair 

Peoria 

Peoria , 

York 

Hillsborough. 
Hillsborough., 

York 

San  Benito .... 
San  Benito .... 

Wayne 

Middlesex 

Bladen 

Person 

Bureau 

Lexington 

Mitchell 

Columbia...... 

Oakland 

Oakland. 

Murray 

Pender , 

Monroe , 

Gates 

Volusia. 

Dallas 

Marshall 

Clarke 

Carver , 

Luzerne 

Osceola. 

Scott 

Monmonth ...., 

Mackinac , 

Menominee 

Crawford 

Douglas 

Pike 

Holmes 

Jewell 

Taylor , 

Fillmore 

Clay 

Ripley 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Marathon 

Callaway 

Suffolk 

Hampden 

Nemaha 

Montcalm 

Brown 

Hamilton.- 

Mono 

Mono 

Banks. 

Champaign 

La  Salle 

Will 

Rush 

Benton 

Buchanan- 

Hamilton.- 

Claiborne.- 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Midland 

Winona. , 

Winona. , 

Bates 


State. 


Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 
Mass... 
Mioh... 
Mich.. 
N.  J.-. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 

Vt 

Wis.... 
Wis.-. 
Wis.... 
N.  Y-. 
Ind.... 

Me 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Kan  „. 
N.  C... 
N.  Y-. 

Mo 

Pa 

ni 

Ill 

Me 

N.H.. 
N.H.. 

Me 

Cal 

Cal 

Pa 

Mass.. 
N.  0-.. 
N.O... 

Ill 

8.O.... 
N.  C.„. 
N.  Y-. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
N.  0-. 
Ark.-. 
N.  0-.. 
Fla.... 

Ark 

Miss-. 
Ark.-. 
Minn. 

Pa 

Iowa. . 

Ind 

N.  J-.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Ohio-. 
Minn . 
Miss... 
Ohio-. 
Kan..., 
Iowa.., 
Minn . 

Mo 

Ind 

Mich.., 
Mieh... 
Wis.... 

Mo , 

N.  Y-. 
Mass.., 
Kan-.. 
Mich.., 
Minn. 
Ohio-.. 

Oal 

Cat 

Oa 

Ill 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

La 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Mo 


Popolatloo. 


1870.      1880. 


844 
2,363 
2,819 


1,461 


881 
1,279 

819 
2,70* 

320 


1,803 
"e96 


2,962 
980 


1,641 
1,079 


3,073 
1,243 
1,279 


1,816 
382 


2,437 
1,429 


1,016 

*i',2iii 


2,406 
"634 


126 

1,416 

938 


1,672 
452 


299 


36« 
784 


10,733 
719 
173 
779 


120 
767 


1.279 


667 
681 


80 

1,676 

686 

247 
837 


1,028 

3«7 

302 

3,064 

2,620 

1,88« 

1,720 

96 

913 

1,448 

874 

8,012 

401 

48 

93 

246 

736 

886 

495 

1,018 

115 

3,160 

1,160 

48 

1,642 

i,on 

140 
48 

8,208 

1,064 
169 

3,098 

1,313 

1,663 
111 

1,264 
749 
132 

2,393 

1,443 
266 

1,189 
161 

1,641 
84 
113 

9,370 
138 
900 
260 
831 
110 

1,876 
910 
168 

1,660 
682 
89 
344 
698 
968 
901 
16S 
866 

an 

160 

490 

23 

188 

21,916 

963 

1,982 

1,060 

422 

360 

88 

140 

924 

168 

1,238 

9S 

843 

867 

87 

T18 

1,906 

898 

601 

860 

6i 

M2 


21 


*  Since  187U,'artta  retiucad. 


s  Since  1870,  area  much  rwlucad. 


818 


l^il'ULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETUKNS   OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPAKED. 


Place. 


Homer. tp. 

Homer.- p.v. 

Homer. p.v. 

Homer tp. 

Homer. tp. 

Homer tp. 

Homer p.v. 

Homer  City p.v. 

Homerville .p.v. 

Homestead p.v. 

Homestead tp. 

Homestead v. 

Homestead p.tp, 

Homestead p.v. 

Homestead  ville h. 

Homesville v. 

Homewood p.v. 

Homewood p.v. 

Homeworth p.v. 

Homovrack p.v. 

Honea  Path tp. 

Honea  Path p.v. 

Honeoye p.v. 

Honeoye  Falls p.v. 

Honesdale p.b. 

Honey  Brook p.tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek p.v. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek p.h. 

Honeycutt's tp. 

Honey  Grove p.v. 

Honey  Point tp. 

Honner tp. 

Hooker  1 tp. 

Hookerston tp. 

Hookerston p.v. 

Hookset tp. 

Hookset p.v. 

Hook's  Point p.h. 

Hookstown p.v. 

Hooper p.v. 

Hooper p.v. 

Hooper's  Creek tp. 

Hooperville v. 

Hoopeston p.v. 

Hoosic p.tp, 

Hoosic  Falls p.v. 

Hoosier , tp. 

Hoosier  Prairie tp. 

Hoover p.h. 

Hoover  City h. 

Hope p.v. 

Hope tp. 

Hope p.v. 

Hope tp. 

Hope p.tp, 

Hope tp. 

Hope p.tp. 

Hope tp. 

Hope tp. 

Hope p.v. 

Hope ,.p.tp. 

Hope p.v. 

Hope tp. 

Hopedale tp. 

Hopedale p.v. 

Hopedale p.v. 

Hopedale p.v. 

Hopefield p.v. 

Hopeton h. 

Hope  Valley p.v. 

Hope  ville v. 

Hope  ville p.v. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell .p.v. 

Hopewell p.tp, 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell .^. 

Hopewell ^. 

Hopewell p.h. 

Hopewell ^. 


County. 


Cortland 

Cortland 

Licking , 

Medina 

Morgan 

Potter 

Angelina 

Indiana 

Clinch 

Iowa 

Barton 

Baltimore 

Benzie 

Alleghany 

Camden 

Schuylkill 

Cook 

Beaver 

Columbiana ... 

Ulster 

Anderson.  _.... 
Anderson....... 

Ontario 

Monroe 

Wayne 

Chester 

Adams 

Crawford 

Henry 

Howard 

Vigo 

White 

Delaware 

Iowa 

Henry 

Sauk 

Walworth 

Sampson 

Fannin 

Macoupin 

Kedwood 

Laclede 

Greene 

Greene 

Merrimac-.... 
Merrimac.... 
Hamilton....... 

Beaver 

Dodge 

Weber 

Henderson .... 

Fulton 

Vermilion 

Rensselaer.... 
Rensselaer.... 

Kingman 

Clay 

Cass 

Meagher 

Hempstead.... 

La  Salle 

Bartholomew. 

Dickinson , 

Knox 

Barry 

Midland 

Lincoln 

Warren 

Warren ,. 

Hamilton 

Providence.... 
Williamsburg. 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Worcester. 

Harrison 

Crittenden 

Boss 

Washington.. 
New  London . 

Clarke 

Marshall 

Cumberland.. 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Ontario 

Licking 

Mercer 

Muskingum.. 
Muskingum.. 
Perry 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


N.  T 

3,813 

N.  T — 

2,008 

Ohio 

226 

Ohio 

886 

Ohio.... 

1,690 

Pa 

160 

Tex 

216 

Pa 

Ga 

Kan 

Md 



Mich.... 

163 

Pa. 

N.  J 

Pa. 

Ill 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.T„... 

8.  C 

1,926 

8.  C 

„,,, 

N.Y„... 

..•••••••. 

N.  Y 

921 

Pa 

2,654 

Pa 

1,957 

Ill 

1,495 

Ill 

1,868 

Ind 

216 

Ind 

732 

Ind 

1,519 

Ind 

611 

Iowa.... 

1,088 

Iowa.... 

1,081 

Mo 

Wis. 

1,180 

Wis 

N.  C 

1,283 

Tex 

382 

Ill 

Minn... 

Mo 

1,114 

N.  0 

1,286 

N.  C... 

IG.'J 

N.  H 

1,330 

N.H.... 

Pa 

259 

Neb 

Utah.... 

N.  C 

766 

Ga 

Ill 

N.  Y 

6,728 

N.Y_... 

Kan 

Ill 

1,179 

Ind 

Ark 

m. 

1,437 

Ind 

766 

Kan 

Me 

907 

Mich.... 

1,143 

Minn ... 

Minn ... 

N.J 

1,542 

N.J 

N.  Y 

698 

B.  I 

S.C 

1,691 

Ill 

1,096 

Ill 

Ohio 

369 

Ark 

Ohio 

B.  I 

Conn.... 

Ill 

753 

N.J 

1,857 

N.J 

4,276 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

1,863 

Ohio 

1,009 

Ohio 

894 

Ohio 

1,763 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

1,260 

3,691 

2,331 

290 

863 

1,693 

189 

244 

381 

201 

262 

660 

900 

208 

692 

72 

199 

313 

267 

233 

209 

2,320 

228 

331 

1,098 

2,620 

1,849 

1,412 

2,264 

176 

1,110 

1,456 

904 

976 

1,078 

480 

1,248 

66 

1,691 

884 

942 


1,470 

179 

1,766 

916 

60 

308 

204 

849 

966 

100 

1,272 

7,914 

4,630 

379 

1^36 

46 

33 

1,233 

1,235 

836 

647 

830 

1,302 

456 

169 

1,569 

239 

651 

5.S9 

2,326 

1,354 

362 

399 

414 

150 

27 

760 

123 

176 

705 

1,764 

4,462 

416 

1,894 

1,062 

1,185 

1,674 

95 

1,284 


Place. 


Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell b. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell! tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp.  . 

Hopkins tp. 

Hopkins b. 

Hopkins p.tp, 

Hopkins tp. 

Hopkins p.v. 

Hopklnsville c. 

Hopkinsville p.h. 

Hopkinton p.v. 

Hopkinton p.tp. 

Hopkinton tp. 

Hopkinton p.v, 

Hopkinton „.tp. 

Hopkinton p.v, 

Hopkinton -.tp. 

Hopkinton p.h, 

Hoppenvllle ., 

Horatio 

Hord 

Horicon 

Horicon 

Hornby tp, 

Hornby p.h. 

Homell8ville...«.....tp. 

Hornellsville p.v, 

Hornitas p.v. 

Horntown p.v. 

Horse  Cave p.v. 

Horse  Creek p.tp. 

Horseheads tp. 

Horseheads p.v. 

Horsham p.tp, 

Hortense p.v. 

Horton p.h. 

Horton tp. 

Horton tp. 

Horton tp 


...p.h 
..p.h 
..p.h 
..p.tp. 
p.v. 


Hortonia ..., 

Hortonville- 

Hosensack... 


.tp. 

.p.v. 

..p.v. 


Hoskinsville p.h. 

Hosper p.h. 

Hotel tp. 

Hot  House tp. 

Hot  Spring tp. 

Hot  Springs p.v. 

Hot  Springs tp. 

Hot  Springs h. 

Hot  Sulphur  Sp'ngB.p.v. 

Houcktown p.v. 

Houghton tp. 

Houghton p.v. 

HoughviUe v. 

Houltou tp. 

Houltou p.v. 

Houma p.v. 

Hounsfield tp. 

Housatonic p.v. 

House's  Creek tp. 

House's  Springs p.h. 

Houston p.v. 

Houston tp. 

Houston tp. 

Houston tp. 

Houston p.v. 

Houston p.v. 

Houston p.v. 

Houston p.h. 

Houston c. 

Houston  Factory. ..V. 

Houstonia p.tp. 

Houtzdale p.b. 

Hovey tp. 

Howard p.h. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard p.b. 

Howard tp. 

Howard ^. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 


County. 


Seneca 

Beaver 

Bedford 

Chester. 

Cumberland... 
Huntingdon... 
Washington  ... 

York 

Aiken 

Anderson 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Allegan 

Nodaway 

Nodaway , 

Christian , 

Warren 

Delaware 

Middlesex 

Merrimac , 

Merrimac...... 

St.  Lawrence., 
St.  Lawrence., 
Washington.., 
Washington . . 
Montgomery., 

Darke 

Clay 

Warren 

Dodge 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Mariposa 

Accomack 

Hart 

Ashe , 

Chemung 

Chemung 

Montgomery  ., 

Chaffee 

Bremer 

Osceola , 

Stevens 

Elk 

Outagamie 

Outagamie 

Lehigh 

Noble -., 

Sioux — , 

Surry 

Cherokee 

Modoc 

Garland 

Napa. 

Placer 

Grand 

Hancock 

Keweenaw 

HotLghton 

Bucks 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Terre  Bonne... 

Jefferson 

Berkshire 

Wake 

Jefferson 

Winston 

Adams 

Smith 

Houston 

Houston 

Chickasaw 

Texas 

Shelby 

Harris 

Houston 

Pettis 

Clearfield 

Armstrong 

Champaign 

Howard -.. 

Parke 

Parke 

Washington.... 

Howard 

Story 

Tama 

Wayne 


State. 


Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

S.  C 

8.0 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ky 

Ohio-., 
Iowa.., 
Mass-., 
N.  H.- 
N.  H... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

R.  I 

R.  I  -.. 

Pa. 

Ohio-.. 

Ill 

N.  Y-., 

Wis 

N.Y-., 
N.  Y„., 
N.  Y-., 
N.  Y.... 

Cal 

Va 

Ky 

N.  C... 
N.Y-., 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Col 

Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Minn.. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ohio.... 
Iowa.., 
N.  0-.. 
N.  C-.. 

Cal 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

Col 

Ohio-.. 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Pa 

Me 

Me 

La 

N.  Y.... 
Mass... 
N.  0-.. 

Mo 

Ala 

Ill 

Kan  -.. 
Minn.. 
Minn .. 
Miss-.. 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Tex 

Ga 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,370 

1,016 

1,078 

268 

977 

412 

804 

8,830 

293 

1,296 

1,436 


1,271 


3,136 


661 
4,419 
1,814 


1,907 
*2"6^ 


1,500 
1,202 


5,837 
4,562 


479 

813 

2,961 

1,410 

1,382 


631 
1,080 


709 
646 


1,276 
2,120 


1,326 


2,850 


693 
2,636 


2,098 


1,239 
1*,OT6 

""406 


56 
9,382 


1,707 
554 


1,168 
204 
968 

1,043 
676 


314 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


!  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


i 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Howard tp. 

Howard p.T. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard p.T. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard p.h. 

Howard p.tp, 

Howard tp. 

Howard p.b. 

Howard tp. 

Howard  Centre p.v. 

Howard  City p.v. 

Howard  Creek tp. 

Howardsv  i  lie p.h. 

Howardsville p.v. 

Howe tp. 

Howe tp. 

Howe „ tp. 

Howell tp. 

Howell p.T. 

Howell tp. 

Howell tp. 

Howell's  Depot p.T. 

Howell's  Mills p.h. 

HowellsTille p.tp. 

Howell  ville v. 

Howlaod .p.tp. 

Howland tp. 

Howland  Flat p.T. 

Hoyleton p.T. 

Hoytville. p.h. 

Hoytville p.v. 

Habbard tp. 

Hubbard p.v. 

Hubbard. p.v. 

Hubbard tp. 

Hubbardston'... p.tp. 

Hubbard  aville p.T. 

Hubbardton p.tp. 

Hubble tp. 

Hubleiaburg p.T. 

Hubley tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson h. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson p.h. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson p.tp, 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson p.tp, 

Hudson p.tp, 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.tp. 

Hudson c. 

Hudson p.tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.b. 

Hudsonville p.b. 

Hueneme tp. 

"ueneme™ p.T. 

iuff. tp. 

Huggins tp. 

Hughes p.tp. 

Hughes  Springs p.h. 

Hughestown b. 

Hiighesville p.tp, 

HughosTille p.b. 

Hughsouville  « p.T. 

Hugo p.T. 

Huiets tp. 

Hull p.h. 

i«j| Ptp. 

HnlL_ tp. 

HuU.- tp. 

Hulmeville p.v. 

HumansTille p.v. 

Humbird p.v. 

Humboldt tp. 

Humboldt p.v. 

Humboldt tp. 

Humboldt p.b. 

Humboldt p.v 


County. 


Elk 

Elk 

Labette 

Piscataquis 

Cass 

Wright 

Bates 

Gentry 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Knox 

Centre 

Ceutre 

Brown 

Howard 

Montcalm 

Lincoln 

San  Juan. »......., 

Albemarle 

Forest 

Perry 

Oconto 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Howell 

Monmouth 

Orange 

Fulton 

Bobeson 

Chester 

Penobscot 

Trumbull 

Sierra 

Washington 

Eaton 

Wood 

TrumbulU 

Trumbull 

Marion 

Dodge 

Worcester™ , 

Madison 

Butland 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Centre 

Schuylkill™ 

McLean™ , 

McLean™ 

La  Porte 

La  Porte 

Steuben 

Black  Hawk 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Charlevoix ., 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Douglas 

Bates ™ 

Macon 

Hillsborough 

Columbia™ 

Summit 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Breckenrldge 

Ventura 

Ventura 

Spencer 

Gentry 

Nodaway 


Luzerne 

Pettis 

Lycoming 

Dutchess 

Elbert 

Edgefield™ 

Pike 

Plymouth™ 

Marathon 

Portage™ 

Bucks 

Polk 

Clark 

Humboldt 

Humboldt™...... 

Allen 

Allen 

Bicbardson 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Kan. 

Kan 

Kan 

Mf.., 

IMich.... 

Minn.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  T 

N.T 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
N.O.™... 

Col 

Va™ 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.J 

N.  Y 

Qa 

N.C 

Pa 

Me 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich..., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon . 

Wis 

Mass 

N.  T 

Vt 

Mo 

Pa ~ 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind...... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Cal 

Cal 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex 

Pa 

Mo 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Col 

8.  0 

Ill 

Mass.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Mo 

WU 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. 
Kan. 
Kan  ™... 
Neb. 


173 
1,171 


1,310 
2,122 
167 
800 
875 
334 
1,158 
294 


78 
410 


2,663 


876 
3,371 


1,023 


176 
664 


4,588 
1,126 


3,008 

1,654 

117 

606 

1.' 


547 
1,392 


636 


739 


3,389 


4,094 

2,459 

448 


1,376 
1,066 
8,615 
1,520 
455 
1,748 


1,569 
1,112 
1,420 


456 


2,556 
"*26i 
"*621 


334 

335 

2,035 

1,202 


1,696 

683 

762 

267 

975 

477 

515 

1,571 

2,131 

80 

983 

947 

498 

1,171 

592 

924 

1,986 

50 

121 

382 

398 

178 

3,250 

2,071 

1,574 

3,374 

156 

50 

1,240 

114 

137 

762 

218 

312 

68 

218 

6,102 

1,511 

141 

3,249 

1,386 

129 

533 

1,679 

170 

740 

1,308 

276 

549 

52 

316 

52 

659 

124 

3,739 

148 

3,782 

2,254 

452 

1,434 

1,189 

1,045 

8,670 

1,817 

665 

2,298 

20 

1,130 

166 

1,652 

1,179 

2,565 

69 

1,192 

1,353 

899 

682 

140 

2,376 

95 

383 

720 

1,044 

376 

328 

288 

666 

606 

2,628 

1,542 

917 


Place. 


...p.T. 

,...p.h. 

™..p.b. 

.p.T, 


Humboldt p.T. 

Hnmboldt tp. 

Humboldt  Park p.T, 

Hunibolt ™ tp. 

Hunibolt p.T. 

Humbug.™ tp. 

Hume p.T. 

Hume tp. 

Hume tp. 

Hume p.tp, 

Hummelstown p.b. 

Humphrey p.tp. 

Hungerford tp. 

Hunlock tp. 

Hunnewell p.T. 

Hunnewell.™... p.v. 

Hunter tp. 

Hunter tp. 

Hunter tp. 

Hunter p.T. 

Hunter tp. 

Hunter's  Land p.T. 

Hunter's  Mill™ tp. 

Hunterstown.™ p.T, 

Hunters  ville t. 

Huntersville T. 

Huntertown p.T. 

Huntingburg 
Huutingdale., 
Huntingdon .. 
Huntingdon ., 
Huntingdon  Valley  .p.T. 
Hunting  Quarter™.^. 

Huntington p.tp. 

Huntington .tp. 

Huntington p.b. 

Huntington t. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington p.T. 

Huntington  i_ tp. 

Huntington p.v. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington .....^. 

Huntington p.tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington  *  ™ tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington p.v. 

Huntington p.v. 

Huntley  Grove p.v. 

Huntsburg p.tp. 

Hunt's  Station p.h. 

Huntsville c. 

Huntsville .™ p.v. 

Huntsville tp. 

Huntsville p.  v. 

Huntsville v. 

Huntsville v. 

Huntsville tp. 

Huntsville p.v. 

Huntsville  > ^. 

Huntsville p.b. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville h. 

Huntsville p.h. 

Huntsville p,T. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville p.h. 

Hurdland...™ p.T. 

Hurffville p.T. 

Hurlburt tp. 

Hurley......... p.tp. 

Huron p.T. 

Huron..... p.v. 

Huron p.tp. 

Huron tp. 

Huron tp. 

Huron ™p.tp. 

Huron tp. 

Huron p.v. 

Huron  City p.h. 

Hurricane tp. 

Hurricane*. tp. 

Hurricane tp. 

Hurricane  Bridge..p.h, 

Hurricane  Isle tp. 

Hnstburg p.h. 

Hustisford tp. 

Hustisford p.v. 

Huston tp. 


County. 


Bute. 


Gibson 

Brown 

Cook 

Colee 

Colee 

Siskiyou 

Edgar 

Whiteside- 

Huron 

Alleghany 

Dauphin 

Cattaraugus.... 
Plymouth....... 

Luzerne 

Greenup 

Shelby 

Edgar 

Jackson 

Greene 

Greene 

Laurens 

Schoharie 

Gates 

Adams 

Franklin 

Miami 

Allen 

Dubois 

Henry 

Huntingdon.., 

Carroll 

Montgomery .. 

Carteret. 

Fairfield 

Huntington  ™.. 
Huntington  ™., 

Baltimore 

Hampshire 

Hampshire..... 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Brown 

Gallia. 

Lorain 

Bossi 

Adams , 

Luzerne 

Chittenden..... 
Chittenden..... 

Cabell 

McHenry 

Geauga 

Franklin 

Madison 

Madison 

Schuyler........ 

Schuyler......™ 

Madison 

Bandolph 

Polk 

Bandolph 

Bockingham... 

'Yadkin 

Logan 

Cumberland.... 

Luzerne 

Scott 

Walker.™........ 

Columbia™ 

Knox 

Gloucester 

Logan 

Ulster 

Beadle 

Lawrence  ™..... 

Des  Moines 

Huron ........... 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Erie 

Erie 

Huron 

Fayette™ 

Lincoln 

Pickens™ 

Putnam 

Knox 

Humphrey 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Blair 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Tenn ... 

Wi« 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
Iowa... 

Pa 

Ky 

Mo 

Ill 

Minn .. 
N.  Y™.. 
N.Y.... 

S.  0 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  C.™.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa. 

Tenn... 

Pa 

N.C 

Conn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Maes... 
Mass... 
N.  Y™.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 

Pa.. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

W.  Va. 

Ill 

Ohio™., 
Tenn... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn ,, 

Mo 

N.  0™,... 
N.C.™ 
Ohio™ 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Tenn 
Tex™. 
Wash 
Mo.... 
N.J.™ 

Ill 

N.  Y„ 

Dak.. 

Ind™. 

Iowa. 

Mich.... 

Mich..., 

N.  Y™,. 

Ohio..,. 

Ohio..., 

Mich,,, 

111™ 

Mo 

8.  C 

W.  Va.. 

Me 

Tenn .. 

Wis 

Wl§ 

Pa 


736 


2,023 


261 


676 
475 

1,920 
837 

1,066 


327 
1,029 


1,524 
'2^557 


1,461 
200 


233 


3,034 
609 


946 
1,527 
4,449 

2,925 


1,156 


10,704 
2,433 
3,020 
1,609 

834 
2,367 
1,596 
1,847 

864 


824 


4,907 

224 

1,228 


1,880 
"322 


86 
1,699 


476 
2,987 


807 

403 

1,263 

2,000 

1,483 

697 


1,333 
3,712 
1,089 


1,696 
1,33? 


1,672 

1,060 

666 

1,719 

237 

182 

179 

633 

938 

1,906 

1,043 

997 

473 

759 

387 

424 

1,190 

80 

1,882 

481 

4,867 

172 

1,641 

188 

122 

223 

226 

781 

66 

4,126 

646 

154 

1,069 

2,499 

6,476 

3,863 

1,395 

1,236 

714 

8,098 

2,952 

3,086 

1,758 

767 

2,400 

1,642 

1,596 

808 

384 

3,174 

505 

810 

89 

4,977 

312 

1,192 

100 

177 

153 

724 

1,527 

1,297 

92 

.    429 

84 

88 

116 

2,636 

21 

108 

189 

568 

2,521 

164 

155 

866 

768 

2,019 

2,036 

1,910 

1,038 

72 

1,606 

2,827 

1,470 

67 

820 

83 

1,666 

488 

1,633 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870.  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 
315 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   EETURNS   OF   1870   AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Hnston tp. 

Huston tp. 

Hustontown p.h. 

HastonTille p.T. 

HustouTille h. 

Hutchins p.T. 

Hutchinson p.  v. 

Hutchinson tp. 

Hutchinson p.T. 

Hutchinson tp. 

HutsonTille tp. 

HutsonTille p.T. 

Button tp. 

Button  "Valley tp. 

Button  Valley p.h. 

Hyannis p.T. 

Hyaunis  Port p.T. 

Hyattstown p.T. 

HyattsTille p.T. 

Hyattville p.h. 

Hyden p.h. 

Hyde  Park .p.tp. 

Hyde  Park p.tp. 

Hyde  Park p.tp. 

Hyde  Park— tp. 

Hyde  Park p.T. 

Hyde  Park h. 

Hyde  Park p.T. 

Hyde  Park tp. 

Hyde  Park p.T. 

HydesTille p.tp. 

Hydeville h. 

Hydeville h. 

Hyer's  Corners p.h. 

Hyndman p.b. 

ByndsTille ...p.T. 

Hyrum p.T. 

latan p.T. 

Iberia p.h. 

Iberia p.T. 

Icard tp. 

Ickesburg p.T. 

Icouium p.h. 

Ida p.T. 

Ida tp. 

Ida p.T. 

Ida tp. 

Ida  GroTo p.T. 

Idaho p.T. 

Idaho  City p.T. 

Idaho  Springs p.T. 

IdaTille p.T. 

Igo p.T. 

IjamsTllle p.T. 

IjamsTille p.h. 

Ilion p.r. 

Illiana p.h. 

mini tp. 

Illinois tp. 

Illinois tp. 

Illinois tp. 

Illinois tp. 

Illinois tp. 

Illinois  City p.h. 

Illiopolisi tp. 

Illiopolis p.T. 

Illyria p.tp. 

Ilwaco p.h. 

Imlay p.tp. 

Imlay  City p.T. 

Imogene p.T. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence tp. 

Independence c. 

Independence tp. 

I  ndependence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence p.h. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 

/ndependence  s tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 


Centre 

Clearfield 

Fulton 

Lincoln 

Washington 

Dallas 

Keno 

McLeod 

HcLeod 

Shawano 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Coles 

Howell 

Howell 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

Montgomery 

Prince  George's. 

Delaware^ 

Leslie 

Cook 

Norfolk 

Wabasha 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Queens 

Cache 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Humboldt 

Tolland 

Worcester 

Dane 

Bedford 

Schoharie 

Cache 

Platte 

Miller 

Morrow 

Burke 

Perry 

Appanoose 

Republic 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Douglas 

Ida 

Pike 

Bois4 

Clear  Creek.™.... 

White 

Shasta 

Wabash 

Frederick 

Herkimer 

Edgar 

Macon 

Jersey 

Nemaha 

Sedgwick.-. 

Rush 

Sumner 

Bock  Island 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Fayette 

Pacific 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Fremont 

Saline 

Warren 

Appanoose 

Buchanan 

Jasper 

Montgomery .... 
Montgomery .... 

Osborne 

Kenton 

Tangipahoa 

Oakland 

Hennepin 

Dunklin 

Jackson 

Macon 

Nodaway- 

Schuyler 

Warren 

Alleghany 

Cuyahoga 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ky 

Pa 

Tex 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn... 

Wis 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mass. ... 
Mass.... 

Md 

Md 

Ohio 

Ky 

Ill 

Mass... 
Minn .. 

N.  y„.. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„.. 
Utah... 

Vt 

Vt 

Cal 

Conn  .. 
Mas... 
Wis  -.. 

Pa 

N.  T-.. 
Utah... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio— 
N.  0-.. 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Kan„... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Idaho... 

Col 

Ind 

Cal 

Ind 

Md 

N.  Y 

Ill 

HI 

Ill 

Kan-..- 
Kan-... 

Kan 

'  Kan  -... 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Wash... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

La. 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J 

N.T 

Ohio 


440 


1,861 


2,196 


3,644 

4,136 

380 

2,695 


343 
1,624 


176 
708 
129 


238 
929 


1,020 


224 
30 


197 


2,876 


821 


1,829 
395 
851 


1,243 


648 
183 
1,030 
2,945 
834 
959 
435 


134 


1,586 

502 

747 

3,184 

1,120 

670 

1,115 

1,766 

1,175 

1,761 


892 

1,354 

66 

353 

87 

116 

1,640 

1,368 

680 

280 

1,993 

418 

2,252 

630 

96 

1,260 

123 

140 

288 

66 

67 

16,716 

7,088 

423 

2,873 

715 

64 

433 

1,715 

331 

723 

89 

80 

63 

323 

129 

1,234 

117 

66 

228 

1,281 

247 

98 

120 

1,369 

122 

477 

759 

106 

672 

733 

326 

225 

122 

71 

3,711 

89 

1,232 

729 

554 

432 

604 

430 

62 

1,322 

686 

1,160 

85 

2,400 

971 

168 

1,058 

191 

707 

3,128 

1,070 

1,605 

2,915 

442 

165 

68 

1,386 

842 

1,578 

3,146 

1,098 

1,431 

1,496 

1,018 

1,186 

1,993 


Place. 


County. 


Independence p.T. 

Independence h. 

Independence t. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence tp. 

Independence h. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence t. 

Independence p.T. 

Independent tp. 

Index p.tp. 

Indian tp. 

Indian ~.T. 

Indian -.tp. 

Indiana ^ 

Indiana tp. 

Indiana tp. 

Indiana* tp. 

Indiana p.b. 

Indianapolis c. 

Indianapolis p.T. 

Indian  Bay p.T. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek p.tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek p.T, 

Indian  Diggings. ..h. 

Indian  Fields tp. 

Indian  Ford p.T. 

Indian  GroTe tp. 

Indian  Harbor t. 

Indian  Hill tp. 

Indian  Lake tp. 

Indian  Lake p.tp. 

Indian  Land tp. 

Indianola p.T. 

Indianola p.T. 

Indianola p.T. 

Indianola p.T. 

Indian  Orchard p.T. 

Indian  Point tp. 

Indian  Prairie tp. 

Indian  River -.hnd 

Indian  Springs p.T. 

Indian  Springs p.tp. 

Indian  Town tp. 

Indian  Township. ..tp. 

Indian  Valley tp. 

Indian  Village tp. 

Industry tp. 

Industry p.T. 

Industry p.tp 

Industry h. 

Industry t. 

Industry tp. 

Industry p.T. 

Ingallston tp. 

Ingersoll tp. 

Ingham p.tp. 

Ingham tp. 

Inglefleld p.T. 

Ingleside p.h. 

Ingraham tp. 

Ingraham p.h. 

IngrahamTille b. 

Ingram's tp. 

Inland p.tp. 

Inland p.tp. 

Inman tp. 

Inskip p.h. 

InTer  GroTe tp. 

InTerness* tp. 

Inwood p.T. 

loka p.T. 

lola p.T. 

lola tp. 

lola p.T. 

lola tp. 

lola p.T. 

Ion p.h. 

lona tp. 


Cuyahoga 

Defiance 

Richland 

Washington.... 

Polk 

Beaver 

BeaTer 

Washington..... 
Washington..... 

Washington 

Grayson 

Preston 

Trempealeau... 

Barton 

Cass 

Plumas 

Lake 

Williamsburg . 

Marion 

Graham 

Lincoln 

Alleghany 

Indiana 

Marion 

Mahaska 

Monroe 

White 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Pulaski- 

Mills 

Story 

Anderson 

Monroe 

Pike 

McKean 

El  Dorado 

Tuscola 

Rock 

Livingston 

Hancock 

Abbeville 

Nobles 

Hamilton 

Lancaster 

Vermilion 

Warren , 

Red  Willow... 

Calhoun 

Hampden 

Knox 

Wayne 

Sussex 

Butts 

Wayne 

Bureau 

Washington..., 

Colusa 

Tama 

McDonough.., 
McDonougb... 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Hamilton 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Menominee 

Midland 

Franklin 

Ingham 

Vanderburg..., 
Queen  Anne... 

Mills 

Clinton 

Providence 

Johnson 

Cedar 

Benzie 

Otter  Tail 

Butte 

Dakota. 

Cheboygan 

Marshall 

Keokuk 

Clay 

Allen 

Allen 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Allamakee 

Murray 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex 

Va 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Kan.... 

Mo 

Cal 

Cal 

S.  C 

Iowa.... 
Kan 
Kan 
Pa... 

Pa. 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Cal 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Ill 

Me 

S.  C 

Minn  ... 

N.T 

S.  C 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Neb 

Tex 

Mass... 

Ill 

Ill 

Del 

Ga. 

N.  C 

Ill 

Me 

Cal 

Iowa... 

Ill 

HI 

Me 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Iowa.... 
Mich... 

Ind 

Md 

Iowa... 

N.  Y 

R.  I 

N.  C 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Cal 

Minn.., 
Mich.... 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

Kan-.., 

Kan 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa. .., 
Minn.- 


1,396 


728 


977 
144 


796 


1,147 
1,332 


2,806 

1,605 

48,244: 


2,010 

1,348. 

988 1 

812  i 

690 ' 

1,074 


664 
1,103 


2,636 


1,920 


202 
969 


1,428 


1,900 

'i',86'4 
1,727 
1,667 
248 
1,280 
1,660 
14 


1,623 

1,533 

378 

726 

68 


796 


402 

293 

1,392 


318 


1,326 

1,112 

204 


971 
1,293 


1,769 


'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
316 


«  In  1873,  part  to  AUamuchee.  »  Since  I87v   Hrea much  reduced.      4  Since  1870.  area  reduced 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


lona p.h. 

lone  Valley I>.v. 

Ionia - p.v. 

Ionia p.tp. 

Ionia tp. 

Ionia p.v. 

Ionia I>. 

Ionia  City p.h. 

Iosco p.tp. 

Iosco tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp, 

Iowa„ tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa  City p.v. 

Iowa  City c. 

Iowa  Falls p.v. 

Iowa  Lake p.tp. 

Iowa  Point p.v. 

Ipava p.v. 

Ipswich tp. 

Ipswich p.v. 

Ira tp. 

Ira.. p.tp. 

Iia p.tp. 

Irasburg tp. 

Irasbui'g p.v. 

Iredell p.v. 

Irishtown tp. 

Iron tp. 

Iron tp. 

Iron  City p.h. 

Irondale v. 

Irondale p.v. 

Irondale p.v. 

Irondequoit^ tp. 

Iron  Duff. p.tp, 

Iron  Mountain p.v. 

Iron  Mountain p.v. 

Iron  Ridge p.v. 

Ironton p.v. 

Ironton tp. 

Irouton c. 

Ironton p.v. 

Ironton tp. 

Ironton p.v. 

Iron  town v. 

Irontown p.v. 

Iroquois tp. 

Iroquois tp. 

Irville V. 

Irving tp. 

Irving p.v. 

Irving p.v. 

Irving* tp. 

Irving tp. 

Irving tp. 

Irving p.h. 

Irving p.tp. 

Irving p.v. 

Irving p.h. 

Irving'. p.tp. 

Irving  Park p.v. 

Irvington p.v. 

Irvington v. 

Irvington* tp. 

Irvington p.v. 

Irvington p.v. 

Irwin p.h. 

Irwin p.tp. 

Irwin  Station p.b. 

Irwinton p.v. 

Isabel p.v. 

Isabel tp. 

Isabella p.h. 

Isabella tp. 

Isabella p.h. 

laabelle tp. 

Isanti p.tp. 

Ischua tp. 

Ischua p.v. 

Ishpeming c. 


Lebanon  

Amador.... 

Chickasaw 

Jewell 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Onondaga 

Pettis 

Livingston 

Waseca , 

Allamakee ■ 

Benton 

Cedar , 

Crawford - 

Dubuque , 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Marshall , 

Washington 

Wright 

Doniphan 

Books 

Placer 

Johnson 

Hardin 

Emmett 

Doniphan 

Fulton 

Essex 

Essex 

St.  Clair 

Cayuga. 

Butland 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Bosque 

Clinton 

Iron 

St.  Frangois 

Iron 

Cook 

Washington 

Jeflerson 

Monroe 

Haywood 

St.  Fran(ois 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Iron 

Lincoln 

Lawrence 

Lehigh 

Sauk , 

Sauk 

Martin 

Taylor , 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Muskingum 

Montgomery .... 
Montgomery.... 

Tama 

Brown 

Jewell 

Barry 

Barry 

Kandiyohi 

Chautauqua 

Lane 

Jackson 

Cook 

Washington 

Marion 

Kossuth 

Essex 

Westchester , 

Union 

Venango 

Westmoreland.. 

Wilkinson 

Edgar. 

Fulton 

Worth 

Isabella. 

Ozark 

Pierce 

Isanti 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Marquette 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  T 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ill 


Mass.., 
Mich.., 
N.  Y... 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Tex  .... 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo , 

Utah.., 

Ill 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
N.  Y... 
N.C.... 

Mo 

Wis.... 

Wis 

Mo 

N.  C..., 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Ind.... 
W.  Va, 

111 

Ind.... 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 

Kan... 

Kan ... 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Minn. 

N.Y... 

Oregon . 

Wis.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind..., 
Iowa.. 
N.J... 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ga...., 

Ill 

Ill 

Qa 

Mich. 
Mo.... 
Wis... 
Minn 
N.  Y.., 
N.  Y.. 
Mich. 


2,500 


904 

913 

347 

2,639 

1,168 


878 
962 
1,209 
1,123 
1,062 
204 
3,531 


5,914 

1,074 

56 


488 
3,720 


1,580 

2,014 

413 

1,086 


1,118 
2,555 


751 
3,990 


2,018 


573 
2,162 
5,686 


1,245 


679 
619 


1,591 
751 


2,300 


1,248 


828 


606 


1,489 
833 
241 


716 


66 


458 
872 


80 

636 

198 

1,142 

1,813 

4,190 

76 

41 

1,018 

1,058 

787 

2,884 

1,020 

636 

768 

1,036 

1,270 

1,032 

1,626 

369 

3,607 

421 

466 

7,123 

956 

44 

187 

676 

3,699 

1,196 

1,645 

2,113 

479 

1,064 

294 

171 

886 

1,348 

2,159 

15 

926 

248 

399 

1,986 

446 

1,243 

337 

138 

759 

1,888 

8,857 

277 

1,310 

232 

152 

228 

866 

818 

132 

1,504 

569 

106 

967 

565 

1,423 

87 

426 

319 

32 

898 

490 

221 

662 

579 

1,677 

1,904 

88 

1,684 

1,444 

264 

106 

823 

57 

1,170 

76 

250 

769 

936 

163 

6,039 


Place. 


County. 


Ishpeming tp. 

Island  City p.h. 

Island  Creek tp. 

Island  Creek p.tp. 

Island  Falls tp. 

Island  Falls p.h. 

Island  Grove tp. 

Island  Heights p.h. 

Island  Lake P-tp- 

Isle  au  Haut p.tp. 

Isleborough tp. 

Isle  La  Motte p.tp, 

Islesborough p.h. 

Islip tp. 

Islip p.v. 

Isney p.v. 

Israel tp. 

Italy tp. 

Itasca p.h. 

Ithaca p.v. 

Ithaca tp. 

Ithaca c. 

Ithaca p.v. 

Ithaca p.tp. 

luka tp. 

luka p.v. 

luka tp. 

luka p.v. 

luka p.v. 

Ivanhoe p.h. 

Ivesdale p.v. 

Ivesville v. 

Ivy tp. 

Ivy  Hill tp. 

Ixonia tp. 

Ixonia p.h. 

Jacinto p.h. 

Jackmantown p.tp, 

Jack's tp. 

Jacksborough p.v. 

Jacksbo  rough p.v. 

Jack's  Creek tp. 

Jackson p.v. 

Jackson p.v. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  ' tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 


Marquette , 

Gentry 

Duplin , 

Jefferson 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Sangamon 

Ocean 

Lyon 

Hancock 

Waldo 

Grand  Isle 

Hocking 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Choctaw 

Preble 

Yates 

Du  Page 

Gratiot 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Darke 

Bichland 

Marion 

Marion 

Pratt 

Pratt 

Tishemingo 

Lake 

Champaign 

New  Haven 

Buncombe 

Haywood 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Alcorn 

Somerset , 

Laurens 

Campbell 

Jack 

Yancey 

Amador 

Butts 

Efflngham 

Will 

Allen , 

Bartholomew.. 

Blackford , 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 


Clay 

Clinton 

Dearborn™.... 

Decatur 

De  Kalb 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Fayette 

Fountain  .„... 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Howard 

Huntingdon.. 

Jackson 

Jay 

Kosciusko.... 

Madison 

Miami 

Morgan 

Newton 

Orange 

Owen 

Parke~ 

Porter. 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Rush 

Shelby 

Spencer 

Starke 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Tippecanoe... 
Washington.. 


State. 


Mich.. 

Mo 

N.C.... 
Ohio... 

Me 

Me 

Ill 

N.  J.... 
Minn  . 

Me 

Me 

Vt 

Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ala .... 
Ohio... 
N.Y... 

Ill 

Mich.. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio... 
Wis..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan .. 
Kan.. 
Miss.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Conn. 
N.  C... 
N.C... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Miss.. 
Me... 
S.  C... 
Tenn. 
Tex... 
N.C. 
Cal.... 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind..., 

IlKl... 

Ind... 
Ind.  . 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
lud... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 


PopnlatloD. 


1870.      1880. 


1,449 

1,626 

183 


1,230 

497 

62 

4,597 


1,751 
1,341 


1,646 

8,462 

160 

1,266 


1,270 
*i",777 


66 

2,720 

178 


946 


1,028 
1,486 
202 
618 
1,399 
2,453 
1,760 
1,301 
1,619 
1,711 
3,932 
1,-366 
1,746 
1,141 


1,289 
1,037 
1,321 
1,969 
3,724 
1,849 
1,400 
1,000 
2,267 
1,137 

989 
1,043 
1,344 
1,645 
1,723 

766 
1,148 

767 
1,377 
1,072 
1,498 
1,349 
1,401 

770 
1,306 

926 

126 
1,122 
1,732 
1,081 

779 


1,967 

60 

2,118 

2,029 

230 

90 

1,000 

34 

177 

274 

1,208 

6U4 

68 

6,463 

1,127 

158 

1,807 

1,444 

76 

600 

2,093 

9,106 

128 

1,110 

1,311 

315 

1,039 

114 

846 

75 

236 

474 

1,709 

664 

1,697 

62 

89 

96 

2,797 

274 

387 

903 

1,040 

212 

1,233 

1,399 

296 

776 

1,756 

2,919 

2,143 

1,449 

1,606 

2,642 

1,646 

1,361 

1,811 

1,342 

1,086 

1,691 

982 

1,409 

2,515 

4,344 

1,928 

1,497 

1,018 

2,066 

1,299 

1,299 

1,028 

1,423 

1,864 

1,853 

796 

1,361 

728 

1,474 

1,029 

1,487 

1,380 

1,482 

858 

1,676 

968 

129 

1,167 

1,984 

1,133 

828 


•  BiDce  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced.  *  Since  1870,  area  much  reduc«d.       *  Since  1870,  are*  redaoed. 

817 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   EETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jacksou ^. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jacksou tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  1 tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.h. 

Jackson p.T. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.T. 

Jackson c. 

Jackson p.y. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson c. 

Jackson  * tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson p.T. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson m tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  * tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  *„ tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson  '. tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.tp 

Jacksou tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ...tp. 


Wayne lud  . 

Wells Ind., 


White 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Bremer 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Des  Moines 

Greene 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Heury 

Jackson 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Linn 

Lucas..... 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Poweshiek 

Sac 

Shelby „.. 

Taylor , 

Van  Bnren , 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winneshiek 

Anderson 

Davis , 

Edwards 

Lyon 

McPherson , 

Osborne 

Riley- 

Sumner 

Breathitt 

East  Feliciana.... 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Jackson.. 

Jackson 

Scott , 

Hinds , 

Andrew 

Buchanan 

Callaway 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Carter 

Clarke - 

Clinton 

Dallas , 

Dariess 

Douglas 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Linn 

Livingston 

Macon 

Maries 

Monroe 

Nodaway 


Ozark 

Polk 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Reynolds 

St.  Clair 

St.  GeneTieve., 

Shannon 

Shelby , 

SulllTan 

Texas 

Carroll 

Ocean 

Washington..., 
Nash 


State. 


lud 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa...c 

Iowa..., 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa. .., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Kan ...., 

Kan.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan  „.. 
Kan  „.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Me 

Mich... 
Minn... 
Minn... 
Miss.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H... 
N.J-.. 
N.Y.... 
N.O-.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


4,949 

1,140 

1,368 

339 

963 

798 

1,131 

669 

367 

798 

246 

103 


876 

867 

206 

1,262 

862 

899 

1,628 

1,400 

996 

460 

634 

942 

1,109 

1,629 

469 

486 

361 

1,292 

639 

879 

366 

380 

668 

639 


1,079 


1,249 


64 
934 
707 


11,447 


4,234 

2,401 

890 


810 

469 

696 

1,472 

1,752 

1,432 

1,069 

330 

1,037 

1,759 


1,238 
2,200 

948 
2,603 
1,755 
1,419 
4,367 

896 
1,104 

363 
1,483 

799 
1,175 

327 

411 
1,112 

370 
1,416 

902 

537 

474 
1,765 
1,662 


6,294 

1,496 

1,724 

679 

1,221 

1,161 

973 

746 

697 

1,150 

691 

106 

720 

895 

920 

479 

1,064 

897 

914 

1,392 

1,386 

1,000 

1,985 

819 

1,068 

2,203 

2,081 

1,066 

800 

487 

1,833 

971 

943 

916 

609 

797 

626 

668 

286 

1,631 

606 

460 

1,054 


100 

16,106 

601 

270 

6,204 

1,541 

900 

1,404 

1,004 

796 

747 

1,464 

1,093 

1,691 

1,605 

249 

1,736 

1,726 

540 

1,416 

2,168 

1,740 

1,963 

767 

1,729 

4,898 

1,708 

984 

638 

1,746 

1,005 

976 

640 

775 

1,364 

332 

2,057 

2,043 

532 

464 

1,803 

1,562 

1,290 


Place. 


County. 


Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.  v. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  * tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

JacksoQ p.y. 

Jackson tp. 

Jauskson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ▼. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ^. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.h. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson h. 

Jackson c. 

Jackson h. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.tp 

Jackson  bo  rough. ...p.h. 

Jackson  Brook p.tp. 

Jacksonburg. . 
Jackson  C.  H. 
Jackson  Hill.. 
Jacksonport.. 
Jacksonport .. 
Jacksonville.. 

Jacksonville h. 

Jacksonville c. 

Jacksonville c. 

Jacksonville b. 

Jacksonville p.tp. 

Jacksonville p.y. 

Jacksonville p.h. 

Jacksonville p.y. 

Jacksonville tp. 

Jacksonville p.h. 

Jacksonville v. 

Jacksonville p.y. 

Jacksonville y. 

.Jacksonville v. 

Jacksonville v. 

Jacksonville v. 


..p.y 
.p.y. 
.p.tp. 
.p.y. 
.p.tp. 
p.y. 


Northampton 

Northampton 

Union 

Allen 

Ashland 

Auglaize 

Brown 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Darke 

Franklin 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin- 

Highland-..-. 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Mahoning 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Paulding 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Preble 

Putnam 

Richland 

Sandusky.... 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Stark 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Wood 

Wyandot 

Butler 

Cambria 

Columbia- 

Dauphin 

Greene 

Huntingdon 

Lawrence 

Lebanon 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Northumberland. 

Perry 

Snyder  

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna 

Tioga 

Venango 

York 

Providence 

Madison 

Botetourt. 

Adams 

Washington 

Colleton 

Washington 

Butler. 

Jackson 

Davidson 

Jackson 

Door 

Calhoun 

Tuolumne 

Duval 

Morgan 

Fountain 

Chickasaw 

Randolph 

Burlington 

Tompkins 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Adams 

Jackson 

Centre 

Cumberland 

Greene 

Indiana............. 


State. 


Population. 


N.  C 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

R.I 

Tenn ... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis. 

S.  C 

Me 

Ohio.... 
W.  Va. 

N.  C 

Ark 

Wis 

Ala 

Cal 

Fla 

Ill 

Ind , 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

N.  J-... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  C... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa , 


1870.      1880. 


623 

181 

1,010 

1,801 

1,409 

1,602 

995 

1,831 

1,658 

1,767 

4,021 

2,088 

1,923 

867 

1,209 

1,412 

905 

1,632 

2,016 

818 

909 

1,364 

2,170 

1,174 

1,190 

666 

1,639 

1,202 

1,840 

1,430 

737 

934 

1,360 

1,131 

1,461 

1,616 

936 

249 

1,294 

347 

771 

1,137 

906 

565 

1,036 

964 

1,662 


3,437 
624 
642 
752 
851 
886 

1,103 
712 

1,175 


1,531 

720 

1,499 


4,119 


481 
1,978 


206 
127 
226 
637 
769 
139 
958 


6,912 
9,203 


1,166 
60 


141 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

318 


•  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  JefTeraoa. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Oonntgr. 


.p.v. 
,.p.tp, 
..p.v 

,.p.tp 

,.p.h 
.p.h 


Jacksonville v. 

Jacksonville p.v, 

Jacksonville 
Jacob's  Fork. 
Jacobstown... 

Jaffrey 

Jalapa 

Jalapa 

Jamaica tp, 

Jamaica. p.v. 

Jamaica. tp. 

Jamaica p.v. 

James p.b. 

James tp. 

James tp. 

James tp. 

James  Bayou tp. 

Jamee  Bayou p.h. 

Jamesburg p.v. 

James  City v. 

James  Cross  Roads.tp. 

Jameson p.v. 

Jamesport tp. 

Jamesport. p.v. 

Jamesport p.v. 

Jamestown p.h. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown h. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown h. 

Jamestown.- tp. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown v. 

Jamestown p.tp. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown p.b. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown .^.v. 

Jamestown Ji. 

Jamestown ^.p.b. 

Jamestown p.tp 

Jamestown p.b. 

Jamestown... ..—p.tp. 

Jamesville p.v. 

JamesTille^ tp. 

Jamesville p.v. 

Jamison p.v. 

Jamison p.v. 

Jamul tp. 

Janelew p.v. 

Janesville tp. 

Janesville p.v. 

Janesville p.tp, 

Janesville tp. 

Janesville p.v. 

Janesville v. 

Janesville tp. 

Janesville o. 

Jarvis tp. 

Jasonville pJi. 

Jasper ....p.v. 

Jasper p.b. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper tp, 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper .-.tp. 

Jasper -. -..tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper p.tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper. tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper -. tp. 

Jasper -.p.v. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper  MlUa...-- ..h. 


Westmoreland ... 

Cherokee 

Windham.. 

Catawba. 

Burlington 

Cheshire 

Grant 

Monroe.. 

Queens.- — 

Queens... 

Windham- 

Windham 

Plymouth 

Pottawattamie.... 

Saginaw 

Stone -. 

Mississippi 

Mississippi 

Middlesex - 

Craven 

Darlington 

Daviess 

Daviess- 

Daviess- 

Suffolk 

Independence.... 

Tuolumne- 

Stutsman 

Boone 

Elkhart- 

Stenben 

Steuben 

Howard. 

Cloud 

Russell , 

Cass 

Ottawa , 

Blue  Earth......-, 

Moniteau— 

Chautauqua- 

Guilford 

Guilford 

McDowell- -. 

Greene -..-..., 

Carbon -., 

Lycoming.......... 

Mercer 

Newport , 

Fentress , 

Grant -., 

Onondaga. , 

Martin — ., 

Martin 

Chilton.- 

Plumas- , 

San  Diego -., 

Lewis 

Lassen -., 

Bremer- 

Greenwood 

Waseca  -.....—.... 

Waseca- - 

Clearfield.- 

Bock. -., 

Bock — 

Madison — ... 

Greene - 

Walker.- 

Kewton — ... 

Hamilton.- -.. 

Pickens-...-—... 

Wayne.- 

Dubois 

Adams....— ....... 

Carroll....—. 

Midland 

Camden- 

Dallas - 

Jasper - 

Ozark 

Ralls -. 

Shannon 

Taney 

Stenben- 

Steuben 

Fayette-. 

Pike — 

Marion- 

Jasper 

Fayette............. 


State. 


Pa 

Tex... 

Vt 

N.  C... 

N.  J.„ 

N.H.. 

Ind... 

Tenn. 

N.  Y- 

N.  T- 

Vt.... 

Vt.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Mich. 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

N.J... 

N.  C. 

8.0... 

Mo.... 

Mo ... 

Mo.... 

N.  Y„ 

Ark-., 

Cal.... 

Dak... 

Ind.... 

Ind.... 

Ind.... 

Ind..., 

Iowa.  -. 

Kan., 

Ky.... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Minn 

Mo.... 

N.  Y_ 

N.C, 

N.C.. 

N.  C- 

Ohlo- 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa.... 
B.  I-, 
Tenn, 
Wis.- 
N.  Y- 
N.O.- 
N.0-, 


Cal., 
Cal.., 
W.Va.- 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn.... 

Pa. 

Wis. 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Ala. 

Ark 

Fla 

Qa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N  .Y 

Ohia.... 

Ohio 

Tenn..- 

Tex 

Ohio-... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,106 


1,266 


7,746 
3,791 
1,223 


309 


447 
361 


784 
"3*23 


603 

"m 
"ii2 

138 


1,612 
234 


6,336 
1,639 


412 
632 


672 
378 


1,114 
402 

2,630 
160 


441 


269 
947 


926 
8,789 
1,880 


1,016 
647 
438 
167 
139 
292 
933 
758 
618 

1,394 

93 

616 

1,683 


1,992 
181 
376 


132 
349 
222 

1,443 
123 

1,267 

87 

67 

10,088 

3,922 

1,262 
298 
18 
638 
672 
395 
668 
86 
681 

1,100 
671 
406 

1,369 

608 

463 

61 

212 

303 

696 

40 

716 

72 

640 

101 

121 

101 

2,066 
603 
185 

9,367 

1,437 

90 

461 

877 

674 

86 

974 

469 

86 

1,216 
363 

1,699 
299 
102 
150 
143 
142 
421 
273 
688 
762 

1,021 
234 
900 

9,018 

1,042 

69 

269 

91 

311 

146 

1,143 

1,040 

1,024 
439 
602 
497 
902 
884 
963 

1,866 
177 
626 

1,806 
283 

2,072 

181 

641 

377 

76 


Place. 


Java - p.tp. 

Java  yillage.........p.v. 

Jay tp. 

Jay p.v. 

Jay tp. 

Jay p.tp. 

Jay tp. 

Jay p.tp. 

Jay  City v. 

Jeanerette p.v, 

Jeansville p.v, 

Jeddo* tp. 

Jeddo p.v, 

Jeddo p.v, 

Jefferson.- p.v. 

Jefferson p.h, 

Jefferson. p.v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- p.v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson — ...tp. 

Jefferson.- p.v. 

Jefferson - tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson- tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— ^. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

J  efferson- tp. 

Jefferson.-. tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— ^. 

Jefferson— -....tp. 

Jefferson—............^. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- p.v. 

Jefferson.- -..tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.- -.-tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson - tp. 

Jefferson— ^. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.-....— ..—tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- -..tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson. -tp. 

Jefferson— — .-tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson  ' tp. 

Jefferson  *. tp. 

Jefferson. p.tp. 

Jefferson - p.tp. 

Jefferson.- p.v. 

Jefferson— — ...tp. 

Jefferson— p.tp. 

Jefferson— h. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson  i - tp. 

Jefferson — .tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.- -....tp. 


Oounty. 


Wyoming 

Wyoming , 

Franklin , 

Franklin 

Martin , 

Essex 

Elk - 

Orleans 

Jay 

Iberia- 

Luzerne 

Knox- 

Orleans- 

Luzerne 

Marengo 

Union 

Jackson- 

Cook 

Cook 

Stephenson.- 

Adams 

Allen— - 

Boone.-....- 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clinton- 

Dubois 

Elkhart- , 

Grant- 

Greene -. 

Henry - 

Huntington  - 

Jay- —-..„- 

Kosciusko......... 

Miami 

Morgan , 

Newton — -, 

Noble 

Owen  - — 

Pike - -., 

Pulaski— , 

Putnam- 

Sullivan , 

Switzerland.- , 

Tipton , 

Washington- 

Wayne , 

Wells- - 

Whitley 

Adair 

Allamakee  ....- 

Bremer— 

Buchanan- 

Butler. 

Clayton  .......... 

Dubuque -. 

Fayette-...— 

Greene 

Harrison 

Henry 

Johnson 

Lee- - , 

Louisa 

Madison 

Mahaska — 

Marshall — 

Polk 

Poweshiek. 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Warren  - , 

Wayne , 

Chautauqua 

Davis 

Dickinson. , 

Jackson 

Jefferson , 

Republic 

Lincoln- 

Frederick- 

Cass 

Hillsdale 

Jackson 

Houston —.. 

Andrew 

Cedar 

Clarke - 

Cole 

Daviess- 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,956 


1,490 


2,496 
634 
653 


1,134 
124 


233 


1,813 


646 

494 
1,446 
1,676 

947 
1,286 

253 


N.  Y 

N.  Y— . 

Me 

Me 

Minn  -. 

N.  Y 

Pa........ 

Vt 

Ind 

La 

Pa 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Ala 

Dak. 

Ga. 

IlL 

Ill 

Ill - 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Ind...... 

Ind. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind.-.- 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lowa..- 
lowa.... 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 
lowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-. 
Iowa.  .- 
lowa..- 
lowa— 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-. 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 
lowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..- 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-. 

Kan 

Kan  — 
Kan-... 
Kan-.„      1,642 

Kan 1,680 

Kan-.„ 

Me 1,821 

Md !        257 

Mich 1,047 


982 

1,398 

1,348 

1,234 

1,227 

1,640 

711 

1,370 

1,081 

1,606 

1,292 

2,018 

2488 

171 

990 

1,261 

3,268 

1,738 

1,632 

1,786 

1,773 

1,263 

362 

1,016 

766 

918 

613 

2,246 

1,660 

639 

779 

694 

1,438 

900 

1,0691 

846 

666 

1,174 

691 

832 

900 

627 


642 

1,012 

704 


Mich.... 
Mich..., 
Minn  -. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ho 


1,973 


372 
1,606 
1,040 

843 
1,839 
1,069 


1,963 

239 

1,291 

111 

217 

2,443 

600 

696 

190 

696 

441 

624 

125 

1,371 

204 

90 

419 

4,876 

619 

650 

684 

1,682 

1,998 

1,118 

1,135 

274 

1,262 

1,266 

1,521 

1,907 

1,298 

1,464 

1,767 

1,073 

1,616 

1,028 

1,964 

1,226 

1,909 

2,505 

364 

1,108 

1,797 

3,936 

2,246 

1,556 

2,007 

2,262 

1,623 

844 

1,136 

796 

1,095 

774 

2,277 

1,686 

1,131 

1,444 

1,697 

1,370 

789 

979 

678 

894 

996 

864 

1,092 

948 

833 

361 

793 

1,120 

829 

1,068 

898 

667 

826 

1,639 

580 

1,590 

274 

1,014 

2,007 

99 

483 

1,196 

1,109 

923 

2,560 

1,372 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced.  *  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  r«duo«(< 
819 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Jefferson tp. 

Tefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson  1 tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.tp. 

Jeffei-son p.v, 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson h. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson., tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp, 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson v. 

Jefferson  2 tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson' tp. 

Jefferson p.b. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson b. 

Jefferson p.tp. 

Jefferson c. 

Jefferson.» b. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson  City v. 

Jefferson  City c. 

Jefferson  City p.v. 

Jeffersonton p.v. 

Jeffer8ontown.,..„..p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffersonville h. 

Jeffersonville tp. 

Jeffersonville c. 

Jeffersonville p.b. 

Jeffersonville.- p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffreys tp. 

Jelloway p.v. 

JenisonvIUe p.b. 

Jenkins tp. 

Jenkins tp. 

Jenkintown p.b. 


County. 


Grundy ... 
Harrison. 
Johnson.. 

Linn 

Maries.... 
Monroe ... 


Nodaway 

Polk 

Saline 

Scotland 

Shelby 

Waj'iie 

Coos 

Gloucester 

Morris 

Schoharie 

Ashe 

Ashe 

Guilford 

Adams 

Ashtabula. 

Ashtabula 

Brown 

Clinton 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Fairfield 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Greene 

Guernsey 

.Tackson 

Knox 

Logan 

Madison 

Madison 

Mercer 

Montgomery  , 
Muskingum ... 

Noble 

Preble 

Bichland 

Ross 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas.... 

Wayne 

Williams 

Alleghany 

Berks 

Butler , 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Greene >... 

Greene 

Lackawanna.. 

Mercer , 

Somerset 

Washington... 

York 

Chesterfield... 

Marion 

Grant 

Green 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Vernon 

Bremer 

Cole 

Jefferson 

Culpeper 

Jefferson 

Twiggs 

Wayne 

Williamson... 
Clarke 


State. 


Mo... 
Mo.. 
Mo... 
3Io... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo.., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.II.... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.C. 

N.  0. 

N.  0...... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio_... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio.,... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Fa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mon 

Va 

Ky 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

lud 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


874 


Clarke Ind. 

Montgomery . 

Worcester 

Sullivan 

Fayette 

Lamoille 

Tazewell 

Marion 

Knox 

Ottawa 

Mitchell 

Luzerne 

Montgomery.. 


Ky... 

Mass 

N.  Y. 

Ohio. 

Vt.... 

Va... 

S.  C... 

Ohio. 

Mich 

Iowa. ... 

Pa... 

Pa... 


1,810 
1,123 
2,147 
1,390 


480 
3,002 
3,297 
867 
371 
826 

1,43*6 
1,712 
1,228 


1,046 
2,268 
1,712 
869 
1,267 
1,445 
1,059 


76 
2,532 
1,405 
1,277 
904 
3,002 
1,308 
1,634 

577 
1,557 
3,350 
1,156 
1,278 
1,953 
2,251 
1,013 

569 
1,058 


1,564 
2,066 
1,133 
1,234 


843 
1,381 
1,322 


776 

1,292 

706 

889 

327 

1,101 

4,190 


1,673 
4,408 
2,176 
764 
1,108 


4,420 
104 


3,042 
7.254 


212 

2,005 


587 
2,505 


1,189 

1,120 

1,403 

2,040 

1,310 

2,416 

1,662 

1,148 

885 

1,542 

4,243 

1,548 

230 

961 

116 

1,792 

1,636 

2,032 

196 

1,266 

3,444 

1,952 

1,008 

1,300 

1,448 

1,143 

1,224 

80 

2,925 

1,288 

1,643 

931 

2,443 

967 

1,572 

2,301 

720 

2,406 

6,096 

1,230 

1,506 

2,244 

2,449 

1,060 

919 

1,258 

154 

1,573 

3,227 

1,072 

1,214 

100 

369 

1,613 

957 

347 

790 

1,126 

807 

979 

320 

1,761 

3,260 

64 

1,437 

3,788 

2,115 

1,087 

1,284 

100 

5,271 

210 

98 

243 

156 

238 

69 

3,820 

9,357 

60 

254 

324 

374 

175 

508 

2,527 

131 

87 

830 

2,202 

810 


Place. 


Jenks tp. 

Jenksville v. 

Jenner tp. 

Jenner'sCroBsBoads.p.h 

Jennersville p.b. 

Jennerville p.b. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

JenningBville p.v. 

Jenny tp. 

Jenny p.v. 

Jenny  LInd p.b. 

Jerden  - tp. 

Jericho p.h. 

Jericho v. 

Jericho p.tp. 

Jermyn p.b. 

Jerome p.v. 

Jerome p.h. 

Jerome* tp. 

Jerome p.tp. 

JeromesvIUe p.v. 

Jerry  City p.v. 

Jersey tp. 

Jersey tp. 

.Jersey p.v. 

Jersey  City c. 

Jersey  Mills p.h. 

Jersey  Shore p.b. 

Jerseytown p.v. 

Jersey  ville p.v. 

Jerusalem tp. 

Jerusalem p.tp, 

Jerusalem p.v. 

Jerusalem p.h. 

Jessenland tp. 

Jessup p.v. 

Jessup tp. 

Jeeup p.v. 

Jewell p.v. 

Jewell's p.v. 

Jewett p.v. 

Jewett p.tp. 

Jewett p.v. 

Jim  Henry tp. 

Jimtown „v. 

Joachim tp. 

Jobe » p.tp. 

Job's  Cabin tp. 

Jo  Dnviess tp. 

Johnny  Cake v. 

John  Quincy  Adams.tp, 

Johns tp. 

Johnsburg p.tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson p.v. 

Johnson  City p.v. 

Johnsonsburg v. 

Johnson's  Corners..p.v. 
Johnson's  Creek... .p.v. 
Johnson's  Grove... .p.h. 
Johnson's  Station..p.v. 


County. 


Forest 

Hampden 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Chester 

Somerset 

Crawford 

Fayette.- , 

Owen 

Scott 

Decatur 

Putnam , 

Van  Wert 

Wyoming- 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Calaveras- 

Bipley 

Henry 

Worcester 

Chittenden 

Lackawanna... 

Howard 

Hillsdale 

Midland 

Union 

Ashland 

Wood 

Jersey 

Licking , 

Licking 

Hudson 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Columbia 

Jersey 

Yates 

Davie 

Monroe 

Southampton.. 

Sibley 

Wayne 

Susquehanna.. 

Buchanan 

Jewell 

Hancock 

Cumberland.... 

Greene 

Leon 

Miller 

Fayette 

Jefferson 

Oregon 

Wilkes 

Faribault 

Baltimore 

Warren 

Appanoose 

Warren 

Christian 

Clark.- 

Brown 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Gibson 

Knox 

La  Grange 

La  Porte 

Bipley 

Scott 

Plymouth- 

Webster 

Ness 

Carter 

Macon 

Maries 

Oregon 

Polk 

Bipley 

Scotland 

Washington-.. 

Champaign 

Williamsburg.. 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Washington.... 

Warren 

Summit 

Jefferson 

Crockett 

Tarrant 


State. 


Pa 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

Mo 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

HI 

N.  Y.... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Va 

Minn .., 

Ga 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 

Ga 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 
Tex  „... 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

N.C 

Minn... 

Md 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind.... 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa ... 
Kan-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

S.C 

Vt 

Vt 

Tenn.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Wis 

Tenn.... 
Tex 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


118 


1,703 


2,081 
836 
801 

1,278 


1,059 
914 


1,757 


356 

1,462 

328 


1,263 

101 

82,546 


1,394 


2,576 

2,612 

1,644 

91 


749 


804 


1,105 


642 


1,865 
848 
606 
477 


809 

895 

2,599 

640 

823 

686 

1,666 

652 

2,616 

1,643 

1,322 

170 

2,409 

1,454 

80 

402 


1,267 


280 
1,219 

717 
2,297 
1,218 
1,568 


21» 

947 

1,726 

85 

87 

106 

2,364 

846 

684 

1,346 

945 

1,443 

1,236 

166 

1,338 

882 

54 

289 

81 

710 

1,68T 

1,541 

142 

93 

33» 

1,603 

3U 

224 

4,244 

1,34S 

128 

120,722 

54 

1,411 

149 

2,894 

2,626 

1,678 

13S 

95 

973 

662 

762 

66» 

872 

130 

138 

1,075 

227 

901 

653 

2,858 

l,0.i9 

706 

372 

179 

690 

863 

2,742 

1,084 

1,176 

926 

2,278 

923 

3,211 

1,783 

1,564 

218 

2,495 

1,361 

390 

484 

170 

616 

501 

1,364 

400 

1,278 

271 

1,230 

863 

2,479 

2,397 

1,4»& 

430 

685 

164 

19» 

208 

60 

11« 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
320 


«  In  1878,  part  to  Wayne. 


s  In  1880,  exclusive  of  Jefferson  Borough. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


fOPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  tr^flTED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Johneontown _.p.h. 

JohaBotiTllIe p.v. 

JohnsoiiTiUe p.b. 

Johnson  ville tp. 

Jotanaoiiville p.v. 

Johnsouville tp. 

Johnsunville p.v. 

Johnsonville p.v. 

John's  River tp. 

Johnston tp. 

Johnston tp. 

Johnston's  Depot. ..p.v. 

Johnstonville tp. 

Johnstown p.h, 

Johnstown p.tp. 

Johnstown v. 

Johnstown tp. 

Johnstown p.v. 

Johnstown „....p.v. 

Johnstown p.b. 

Johnstown p.tp, 

Johnsville p.h. 

Johnsville p.v. 

Johnsville v. 

Johnsville p.v. 

Joliet c. 

Joliet tp, 

Joliet V. 

Jollytown p.b. 

Jonathan  Creek... .tp. 
Jonathan's  Creek  ..p.tp, 

Jones tp. 

Jones tp. 

Jonesborough p.h. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough tp. 

.Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough h. 

Jonesborough p.tp. 

Jonesborough tp. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesburg p.v. 

Jonesileld tp. 

Jonesport tp. 

Jonesport p.v. 

Jones'  Prairie p.h. 

Jonestown p.v. 

Jonestown p.b. 

Jonestown v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville tp. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville p.v, 

Joplin tp. 

Joplin  City c. 

Jordan v, 

Jordan tp, 

Jordan tp, 

Jordan tp, 

Jordan tp, 

Jordan p.tp. 

Jordan tp. 

Jordan p.v. 

Jordan p.v. 

Jordan tp. 

Jordan tp. 

Jordan tp. 

Jordan p.tp. 

Jordan h. 

Jordan's  Valley p.v, 

Joshua tp. 

Joy p.h. 

Joy p.h. 

Joyfleld p.tp. 

Juab p.h. 

Jubilee tp. 

Juda p.v, 

Judkins tp, 

Judson p.v. 

Judson , p.tp. 

Judsonia p.v. 

Judson  ville p.v, 

Jugtown V. 

Julian  Furnace p.v.  i 

Junjping  Branch  ,..p,h. 


County, 


Northampton 

Wayne 

Warren 

Redwood 

Rensselaer 

Harnett 

Northampton 

Humphreys 

Caldwell 

Trumbull 

Providence 

Edgefield 

Lassen 

Cumberland 

Barry 

Columbia 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Licking 

Cambria 

Rock 

Bradley 

Frederick 

Morrow 

Bucks 

Will 

Will 

Hamilton 

Greene 

Moultrie 

Haywood 

Union 

Elk 

Jefferson 

Clayton 

Union 

Union 

Grant 

Greene 

Washington 

Moore 

Moore 

Washington 

Montgomery 

Saginaw 

Washington 

Washington 

Milam 

Coahoma 

Lebanon  

Schuylkill 

Bartholomew 

Warren 

Hillsdale 

Yadkin 

Union 

Union 

Chittenden , 

Lee , 

Jasper , 

Jasper , 

New  London , 

Whiteside , 

Jasper , 

Warren 

Monona , 

Antiim 

Fillmore 

Scott , 

Onondaga. , 

Clearfield , 

Lycoming 

Northumberland 

Green 

Portage 

Rutherford , 

Fulton 

Mercer 

Wayne , 

Benzie 

Juab 

Peoria 

Green 

Warren 

Parke 

Blue  Earth 

White 

•  'ontra  Costa 

Bucks 

Centre 

Summers. 


State. 


Va, 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn .,. 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Pa , 

Tenn .., 

N.  C 

Ohio 

R.I 

S.C , 

Cal 

ni 

Mich... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ark 

Md 

Ohio 

Pa. , 

111 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa , 

111 , 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ala 

Qa , 

111 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Me 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Tenn..., 

Mo 

Mich..., 

Me , 

Me , 

Tex 

Miss 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

Mich..., 

N.  0 

S.  C 

S.  c 

vt 

Va 

Mo 

Mo 

Conn  ... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn,.. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 
Utah.... 

Ill 

Wis 

N.  C 

Ind 

Minn... 

Ark 

Cal 

Pa 

Pa 

W.Vft,,, 


Population, 


1870.       1880. 


483 


883 

893 

4,192 


1,296 


12,273 

3,282 

241 

6,028 

1,299 


169 


7,263 
2,940 


1,001 
987 
840 

1,091 


631 
1,677 
1,103 

681 


622 
2,206 


1,306 


206 


1,809 


274 


1,196 
327 
448 


683 


1,263 
661 
473 
924 

1,083 


1,176 


122 
130 


837 


1,432 


28 
165 
74 
124 
397 
686 
141 
328 
964 
790 

6,765 

463 

159 

78 

1,169 

150 

16,626 

6,013 
278 

8,380 

1,217 

95 

171 

204 

110 

11,657 

4,492 

219 

78 

1,081 
851 

1,096 

1,427 
69 

1,048 

2,009 

879 

729 

98 

555 

2,948 
372 
896 
445 
317 

1,563 
402 
46 
147 
703 
194 
266 
167 

1,445 
220 

2,138 
206 
107 
277 

6,322 

7,038 
18S 

1,208 
669 
610 
387 
323 
651 
916 

1,344 
685 
826 
973 

1,094 

94 

140 

1,138 

87 

90 

173 

96 

872 

291 

1,658 
166 
651 
267 
301 
133 
192 
46 


Place. 


Junction tp. 

Junction tp. 

Junction tp. 

Junction p.v. 

Junction p.v. 

Junction p.h. 

Junction p.b. 

Junction  City p.v. 

Junction  City p.v. 

Juneau p.v. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata p.v. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata p.tp, 

Junius p.tp. 

Kalama p.v, 

Kalamazoo p.tp. 

Kalamo tp. 

Ealamo p.v. 

Kalida p.v. 

Kalkaska tp. 

Kalkaska „p.v, 

Kalmar tp. 

Kampsville p.h, 

Kanab p.v. 

Kanaranzie tp. 

Kanawha  Station...p.h. 

Kandiyohi tp. 

Kandiyohi  Station.p.h. 

Kandota tp. 

Kane tp. 

Kane p.v. 

Kane tp. 

Kane  City p.v. 

Kaneville tp. 

Kaneville p.v. 

Kankakee tp. 

Kankakee c, 

Kankakee tp. 

Kankakee tp. 

Kanosh p.v, 

Kansas tp, 

Kansas p.b. 

Kansas tp. 

Kansas p.v. 

Kansas  Cityi c. 

Kanwaka tp. 

Kaolin p.tp, 

Kapioma tp. 

Kappa p.v. 

Karns  City p.b. 

Karthaus p.tp, 

Kaskaskiai) tp. 

Kaskaskia p.v. 

Kasota tp, 

Kasota p.v, 

Kasson p.tp. 

Kasson p.v. 

KatahdinlronWks.p.tp, 

Kaufman p.v. 

Kaukauna tp. 

Kaukauna p.v. 

Kaw tp. 

Kaw tp. 

Kaw tp. 

Kawkawlin tp. 

Kawkawlln p.v, 

Kaysville p,v, 

Kearney p,tp. 

Kearney tp, 

Kearney p.v. 

Kearney p.v. 

Kearney tp. 

Keatchie p.v, 

Keating tp. 

Keating tp, 

Keawah  Island isl, 

Kechl tp. 

Kedron tp. 

Keedysville p.v. 

Keeler tp. 

Keelersville p.v. 

Keene tp. 

Keene p.v. 

Keene p.tp. 

Keene c. 

Keene tp, 

Keene p.v. 

Keene tp. 


County. 


Lassen., 
Greene., 


Carlton 

Paulding 

Pi  Ute 

Portage 

Davis 

Lane 

Dodge 

Tuscola 

Adams 

Bedford „ 

Blair 

Huntingdon. 

Perry 

Seneca 

Cowlitz 

Kalamazoo... 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Putnam 

Kalkaska 

Kalkaska 

Olmsted 

Calhoun 

Kane 

Bock 

Wood 

Kandiyohi.... 
Kandiyohi.... 

Todd 

Greene 

Greene 

Benton 

Venango 

Kane 

Kane 

Kankakee.... 
Kankakee.... 

Jasper 

La  Porte 

Millard 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Woodford 

Seneca 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Iron 

Atchison 

Woodford 

Butler 

Clearfield 

Fayette 

Randolph 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Leelenaw 

Dodge 

Piscataquis... 

Kaufman 

Outagamie ... 
Outagamie ... 

Jefferson , 

Wabaunsee... 

Jackson 

Bay 

Bay 

Davie 

Antrim 

Clay 

Clay 

Buffalo 

Hudson 

De  Soto , 

McKean 

Potter 

Charleston  .... 

Sedgwick 

Woodbury 

Washington... 
Van  Buren..,. 
Van  Buren.... 

Adams 

Jessamine 

Ionia  

Cheshire 

Essex , 

Essex 

Ooebocton,.,,,,, 


State. 


Cal 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Utah.... 

Wis 

Kan 

Oreg^)n. 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Neb 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y 

Wash... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Mich,... 
Mich  ... 
Minn... 

Ill 

Utah.... 
Minn ... 
W.  Va .. 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 
Minn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Utah.... 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio.... 

Mo 

Kan 

Mo 

Kan 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Me 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Utah.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo , 

Neb 

N.J„..., 

La 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Kan 

Iowa..., 

Md 

Mich.,., 
Mich,,.. 

Ill 

Ky 

Mich.... 
N.  H„... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y„... 
Ohio 


Population. 


1870.   1880, 


300 
1,042 


1,437 
621 
393 

983 
1,420 


10,4471 
1,363 1 


290 


97i 


73 


668 


94 
967 


763 


999 


6,189 


216 
1,186 


1,618 


349 


32,260 
913 
463 

775 


452 
1,220 


903 


440 
615 
36 


1,429 


749 


1,612 
766 


396 


974 


1,436 

78 


1,803 


1,271 

6,971 

720 


787 


100 

1,687 

1,264 

168 

198 

71 

39 

2,684 
428 
464 

1,300 
494 

1,437 
729 
438 
958 

1,356 

129 

13,552 

1,638 

144 

404 

690 

496 

883 

79 

394 

192 

51 

653 

75 

244 

1,336 
408 
872 
209 
970 
164 

6,782 

6,651 
288 

1,163 
406 

1,713 
723 
475 
199 
66,785 
919 
539 

1,306 
181 
701 
618 
916 
326 

1,071 
156 
489 

1,064 
19,". 
490 

2,2;i6 
834 
838 
694 

2,558 

1,118 
238 

1,187 
306 

2,667 
464 

1,782 
777 
316 

2,974 
204 
91 
617 
373 
389 

1,163 
189 

1,378 
468 
1,884 
6,784 
910 
131 
839 


1  Exclusive  of  West  Kansas  City. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Pope. 


321 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Keene p.v. 

Keener tp. 

Keeneyrille p.v. 

Eaensburg p.h. 

Keaseville p.v. 

Keezletown »..p.T. 

Keg  Creek tp. 

Keiserville h. 

Keitlisburg >.tp. 

Keitb8barg............p.v. 

Kekoskee p.v. 

Kellenburg p.h, 

Eellerton p.v. 

Kelley's  lBland......p.^. 

Kellogg tp. 

Kellogg „..p.v. 

Kellogg p.v. 

Kelloggsville p.v. 

Kelly tp. 

Kelly «..tp. 

Kelly tp. 

Kelly tp. 

Kelly tp. 

Kelly  Cross  Boads.p.h. 

Kellytown h. 

Kehey tp. 

Kelsey p.h. 

Kelso p.tp. 

Kelso p.tp. 

Kelso p.tp. 

Kelso p.v. 

Kelton p.v. 

Kemper p.b. 

Kempsvllle p.v. 

Komptou p.v. 

Kemptoa p.v. 

Kemptown p.U. 

KenansTille tp. 

Kenans  ville p.v. 

Kendall tp. 

Kendall p.v. 

Kendall p.tp. 

Kendall p.h. 

Kendall b. 

Kendall tp. 

Kendall p.v. 

Kendallville c. 

Kendallville p.h. 

Kendia h. 

Kendrick^ tp. 

Kenduskeag tp. 

Kenduskeag p.v. 

Kenesaw p.v. 

Kennebec tp. 

Kennebunk tp. 

Kennebunk p.v. 

Kennebunkport....tp. 
Kennebunkport.  ...p.v. 

Kennedy p.v. 

Kennedy  ville p.v. 

Kennekuk p  Ji. 

Kenner p.v. 

Kennerdell >..p.h. 

Keanet p.v. 

Kennet tp. 

Kenuet  Square p.b. 

Kenney p.v. 

Kennonsburg p.b. 

Kenockee p.tp. 

Kenosha c. 

Kensett pJi. 

Kensett p.tp, 

Kensico p.v. 

Kensington^ p.v. 

Kensington p.tp, 

Kensington p.v. 

Kent. p.tp. 

Kent. p.tp, 

Kent. p.v. 

Kent » tp. 

Kent.. p.v. 

Kent tp. 

Kent. p.v. 

Kentlaud p.v. 

Kenton hnd. 

Kenton p.v. 

Kenton p.v. 

Kenton p.v. 

Kentontowu p.h. 

Kentucky tp. 

Kentucky  Town,  ...p.v. 


County. 


Coshocton^ Ohio 


SUte. 


Jasper 

Tioga 

Wabash 

Essex c 

Rockingham.... 
Pottawattamie. 

Wyoming. 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Dodge 

Armstrong 

Binggold 

Erie 

Jasper. 

Jasper, 

Wabasha 

Ashtabula. 

Warren  _.._■  - 

Carter »..,. 

Cooper) 

Kipley 

Union» 

Union 

Westmoreland. 

El  Dorado.. 

EI  Dorado 

Dearborn 

Sibley„ 

Scott „ 

Lincoln ». 

Box  Elder- 

Jersey 

Princess  Anne. 

Ford 

Tipton. 

Frederick... 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Kendall 

Yan  Buren 

Orleans.- 

Beaver 

McKean 

Lafayette-. 

Monroe 

Noble 

Winneshiek-.. 

Seneca ...... 

Greene 

Penobscot- 

Penobscot. 

Cobb 

Monona- 

York 

York.- 

York 

York 

Chautauqua.... 

Kent.- 

Atchison 

Jeffenon 

Venango 

Dunklin 

Chester— 

Chester „ 

De  Witt 

Noble-. 

St  Clair- 

Kenosha 

White 

Worth 

Westchester. 

Cook 

Buckingham. 

Columbiana 

Litchfield- 

Stephenson „.. 

Jefferson 

Warren- 

Union- 

Putnam- 

Portage 

Newton 

Kent 

Kent 

Hardin 

Obion 

Bobertson 

Jefierson 

Orayson-.- 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ind.. 
Pa.... 
111..., 

N.  Y 

Va. 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis. 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn ... 
Ohio-... 

UL 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

CaL 

Cal 

Ind 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Tenn  ... 
Utah.... 

Ill 

Va 

Ill 

Ind 

Md 

N.  0 

N.  C-.... 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Wis.-... 
Wis....- 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Ga , 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Me , 

N.  Y-.., 

Md 

Kan-... 

La , 

Pa. 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio-.. 
Mich... 
Wis.-.. 
Ark..... 
Iowa... 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

N.  H-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Conn .. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

Del 

Del 

Ohio.... 
Tenn .. 

Ky 

Kan...., 
Tex 


71 


1,679 
1,179 


838 
1,507 


1,295 


1,372 
240 
942 


316 


1,908 

442 

1,000 


101 


2,878 


1,445 


1,744 
50 


1,131 


2,164 


887 
770 


333 
2,603 


2,372 


1,308 
884 


94 
1,229 
4,309 


642 


1,744 

1,116 

309 

601 

'1,547 


802 
2,655 


2,010 


1,976 


163 

341 

133 

68 

2,181 

116 

692 

61 

1,278 
942 
188 
58 
169 
888 

1,605 
772 
221 
189 

1,135 
107 

1,631 
496 

1,041 

40 

99 

438 

30 

1,875 
716 

1,101 
125 
135 
65 
101 
114 
206 
62 

2,851 
376 

1,446 
192 

1,893 
32 

2,689 
849 
282 

2,373 
75 
99 
813 
650 
232 
244 
463 

2,862 

1,164 

2,405 
642 
417 
149 
79 
970 
83 
171 

1,247 

1,021 

419 

89 

1,591 

6,039 
86 
662 
115 
250 
614 
107 

1,622 

1,214 
104 
728 
110 

1,361 

3,309 
982 

2,817 
197 

3,940 

298 

59 

1,656 
105 


Place. 


County. 


Kenyon p.tp. 

Kenyon's  Mill h. 

Keokuk c. 

Keokuk tp. 

Keosauqna. p.v. 

Keota p.v. 

Keowee p.tp. 

Kerby p.h. 

Kerkboven tp. 

Kerkhoven p.v. 

Kemersville tp. 

Kernersville p.v. 

Kern  ville p.v. 

Kerr -tp. 

Kerrtown. v. 

Kerrville p.v. 

Kerton tp. 

Keswick p.h. 

Keswick  Depot.-. ..p.h. 

KeUlo  Biver tp. 

Kewanee- tp. 

Kewanee p.v. 

Kewanna. p.v. 

Kewaskum- tp. 

Kewaskuni p.v. 

Kewaunee* tp. 

Kewaunee p.v. 

Keysburg b. 

Keyser tp. 

Keyser p.v. 

Keysport- p.h. 

Keystone p.v. 

Keysville p.h. 

Keysville p.v. 

Keytesville ....-tp. 

Keytesville p.v. 

Key  West c. 

Key  West p.h. 

Key  West p.tp. 

Kezar  Falls -p.v. 

Kiantone p.tp. 

Kickapoo p.tp. 

Kickapoo tp. 

Kickapoo p.h. 

Kickapoo p.tp. 

Kickapoo  City p.v, 

Kidder  - tp. 

Kidder p.v. 

Kiddville- ~ p.v. 

Kiddville-............p.h. 

Kiel - p.v. 

Kieferville -p.h, 

Kiester. ....tp. 

Kilboum.- tp. 

Kilboum  ..- p.v. 

Kilboum -p.h 

Kilbourn p.v. 

Kildare tp. 

Kildare p.tp. 

Kllgore p.v. 

Kilkenny tp, 

Kilkenny... 
Killawog-.. 

Killbuck -tp. 

Killbuck p.v, 

Killbuck" tp. 

Kill  Creek p.tp. 

Killingly p.tp, 

Killingworth p.tp. 

Kilmarnock p.b. 

Kilmore p.h. 

Kimball tp. 

Kimball tp. 

Kimball p.v. 

Kimberly p.h. 

Kimberton p.h. 

Kimshew- tp. 

Kincaid tp. 

Kinder tp. 

Kinderhook tp. 

Kinderhook p.v. 

Kinderhook p.tp. 

Kinderhook p.tp. 

King tp. 

King tp. 

King  City p.tp. 

King  City p.v. 

Kingfleld tp. 

Kingfield- p.v. 

Kingman p.tp, 

Kingman p.tp. 


.p.h. 
.p.v. 


Goodhne 

Washington 

Lee 

Wapello 

Van  Buren 

Keoknk. 

Oconee 

Josephine 

Swift. , 

Swift 

Forsyth- 

Forsyth- 

Kern 

Champaign 

Crawford 

Kerr 

Fulton 

Keokuk 

Albemarle 

Pine 

Henry 

Henry 

Fulton 

Washington 

Washington 

Kewaunee 

Kewaunee 

Logan 

DeKalb 

Mineral- 

ainton 

Wells 

Crawford 

Charlotte 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Monroe 

Dubuque 

Coffey 

York 

Chautauqua 

Peoria. 

Leavenworth 

Anderson 

Vernon- 

Leavenworth 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Clarke 

Sullivan 

Manitowoc 

Putnam 

Faribault 

Mason 

Mason 

Van  Buren 

Columbia.- 

Swift 

Juneau 

Carroll 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Broome 

Holmes. - 

Holmes 

Alleghany 

Osborne 

Windham 

Middlesex 

Lancaster 

Clinton 

St.  Clair. 

Jackson- 

Bosque 

Aitkin 

Chester-. 

Batt» -.....>. 

Jackson 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Pike 

Pike 

Branch 

Columbia 

Christian- 

Bedford 

McPherson 

Gentry. 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Kingman 

Penoliscot- 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Minn .. 

B.  I 

Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

S.  C 

Oregon. 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
N.C. — 

N.  C 

Cal 

lU 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Va 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Ind 

W.Vb_ 
111-. 
Ind. 
Mo.. 

Va 

Mo... 
Mo... 
Fla... 
Iowa 
Kan. 
Me... 
N.  Y. 
111.... 
Kan. 

Tex 

Wis 

Kan-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ky 

Mo 

Wis 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.  ... 

Wis...... 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Ohio 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Kan 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Va 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Tex 

Minn ... 

Pa 

CaL 

m 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Y„... 

Ill 

Pa 

Kan-.... 

Mo 

Me 

Me 

Kan 

Me 


633 


12,766 
700 
869 


1,120 


995 


601 


74 
4,225 


1,309 


1,681 


1,663 

629 

6,016 


539 
1,440 
1,855 


912 


922 
196 


61 


1,114 


686 


730 


1,121 


1.919 


1,042 

97 

12,117 

654 


6,712 
856 


1,091 


857 
1,049 


1,464 


637 

4,055 

413 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 
322 


»  In  1877,  part  to  West  Kewaunee. 


3  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Kingman tp. 

Ring's ~p.b, 

King's -.tp. 

Kingsborough p.r, 

Kingsbnrg „.p.b. 

Kingsbury p.T. 

Kingsbury „..p.tp. 

Kingsbury ».p.tp. 

King's  Greek _p.tp. 

Kingsdale p.b. 

King's  Ferry p.v. 

Kingsland p.v. 

Kingsley .tp. 

King's  Mountain...tp. 
King's  Monntain...p.y. 
King's  Moantain.-tp. 

King's  Prairie tp. 

Kingston p.h. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston- p.v. 

Kingston p.h. 

Kingstou.. p.b. 

Kingston.-.. ..M.....p.h. 

Kingston. p.tp. 

Kingston p.tp. 

Kingston ....p.tp. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston p.v, 

Kingston ....tp. 

Kingston- h. 

Kingston. p.tp. 

Kingston  ^ tp. 

Kingston* c. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingstou- p.b. 

Kingston- p.v. 

Kingston- p.v. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston- tp. 

Kingston- p.v. 

Kingston- tp. 

Kingston  Mines... -p.v. 

Kingstree p.v. 

Kingsville p.h. 

Kingsville tp. 

Kingsville ....p.v. 

Kingsville .......tp. 

Kingsville p.y. 

Kingwood p.tp. 

Kingwood p.h. 

Kingwood p.v. 

Einmondy .tp. 

Kinmundy -p.v. 

Kinnekeet p.tp. 

Kinnickinnick....-p.tp. 

Kinsley tp. 

Kinsley p.v. 

Kinsman -^. 

Kinsman -p.v. 

Kinston* ..-tp. 

Kinston p.v. 

Kintire tp. 

KintnenrviUe  _ p.v. 

Kinzua ^......tp. 

Kinzua p.v. 

Kiowa ............^. 

Kiowa ..M —p.h. 

Kirby ....tp, 

BUrby „„ ....p.v. 

Kirby  .....^ tp. 

Kirby ....tp. 

Kirkland .^,.^. 

Klrkland ^. 

Kirkland p.T. 

Kirklin tp. 

KirkUn v. 

Kirkmansvllle pJi. 

Kirksvllle p.v. 

Klrksville p.v. 

Klrkville -p.v. 

Klrkvllle p.v. 

Kirkwood p.v. 

Klrkwood  ». p.v. 

Kirkwood p.v. 

Kirkwood p.tp. 

Kirkwood tp. 

Kirkwood v. 

Kirtland  - tp. 


Renville 

Ogle 

Williamsburg.- 

Fulton 

Fresno 

La  Porte 

Piscataquis 

Washington-... 

Caldwell 

Adams 

Nassau 

Bergen 

Forest 

Cleveland 

Cleveland , 

York 

Barry- 

Madison 

Bartow.- 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Decatur- 

Des  Moines 

Labette , 

Plymouth 

Tuscola- 

Meeker 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Washington-... 

Lander- 

Rockingham .. 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Delaware- 

Ross 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Washington-.. 

Roane 

PiUte 

Green  Lake-.. 
Green  Lake-.. 

Juneau 

Peoria 

Williamsburg . 

Baltimore- 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Hunterdon 

Somerset 

Preston- 

Marion- 

Mariou.- 

Dare 

St.  Croix. 

Edwards 

Edwards 

Trumbull  _ 

Trumbull  - 

Lenoir 

Lenoir 

Redwood 

Bucks „.... 

Warren 

Warren......... 

Barbonr 

Barbonr- 

Northampton.. 

Wyandot 

Marion 

Caledonia- 

Adams 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Clinton-. 

Clinton.- „. 

Todd 

Madison 

Adair 

Wapello 

Onondaga...... 

Warren- 

St.  Louis 

Camden- 

Broome 

Belmont 

Kershaw 

Lake - 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Minn 

111 

8.  G... 
N.Y.. 
Cal... 
Ind... 
Me.... 
N.T- 
N.C- 
Pa..... 
Fla... 
N.  J.. 

Pa 

N.  0- 
N.  0- 
S.C.. 
Mo... 
Ark.- 

Ga 

111-... 

111-.., 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Kan., 

Mass. ... 

Mich.... 

Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Nev,-... 
N.  H„... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Pa- 

Pa- 

R.  I. 

Tenn ... 
Utah.... 
Wis.-... 
Wis.-... 
Wis.-... 

Ill 

8.  C 

Md 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

N.J 

Pa- 

W.Va._ 

111- 

lU- 

N.  C-... 
Wis.-... 

Kan 

Kan  -... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

N.C. 

N.  0 

Minn... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Kan 

Kan..... 

N.  a.... 

Ohio 

S.  0 

Vt 

Ind 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y — 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
N.Y-... 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.Y 

Ohio 

s.  c. 

Ohio 


1,774 


174 

4,277 

625 


675 
1,248 


1,818 

857 

65 

402 

976 


1,604 
324 
630 

1,277 
414 

1,086 


1,054 
4,507 


587 

345 

2,826 

1,143 

'"739 


807 


1,360 

298 

1,758 


1,942 


1,896 


699 
628 


1,029 


4,604 
1,103 


318 


1,844 


1,155 
417 
508 

4,912 
158 

1,266 
141 


1,471 


160 
1,146 


1,402 
1,792 

'i',029 


78 

68 

2,842 

747 

88 

154 

198 

4,614 

683 

92 

187 

866 

460 

2,069 

337 

2,674 

1,317 

86 

483 

1,188 

138 

60 

90 

39 

1,524 
650 
865 

1,509 
470 

1,266 
58 

1,080 

1,093 

18,344 

562 

442 

5,878 

1,418 
529 
858 
138 
826 
204 
111 
210 
384 
60 

1,100 
174 

1,621 
495 

1,694 

60 

366 

1,941 

1,096 
368 
778 

1,032 
457 

1,224 
267 

2,778 

1,216 
71 
106 
348 
177 
413 
42 

2,722 
294 

1,678 
398 
793 

4,984 
132 

1,713 

252 

76 

114 

2,314 
280 
926 

1,079 

1,280 
108 

1,344 

2,028 
611 
984 


Place. 


Kirtland -p.v. 

Kirwln „ -tp. 

Kirwin p.v. 

Kiskiminetas -p.tp. 

Kismet p.v. 

Kittanning tp. 

Kittanning -p.b. 

Klttery p.tp. 

Kittrell p.^. 

Klacking -tp. 

Klamath -tp. 

Klein tp. 

Kleinfeltorsville  ...p.v. 

Knapp's  Creek p.v. 

Knapton -.p.v. 

Kneist -tp. 

Knife  Falls h. 

Knight tp. 

Knight's  Ferry  ...-p.v. 

Kniglitstown p.v. 

Knight's  Valley  ...tp. 

Knightsville p.v. 

Knightsville -.p.v. 

Knightsville v. 

Knob  Creek p.tp. 

Knobnoeter p.v. 

Knobs tp. 

Knobsville p.h. 

Knobview p.tp. 

Knottsville p.v. 

Knowersville -p.v. 

Knowlesville -.p.v, 

Knowlton p.tp. 

Knowlton p.tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox p.v. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox p.tp, 

Knox tp. 

Knox p.v. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knoxborough p.v. 

Knox  Ci^ p.v. 

Knoxville p.v, 

Knoxville h. 

Knoxville tp. 

Knoxville p.v. 

Knoxville p.v. 

Knoxville p.v. 

Knoxville tp. 

Knoxville p.b. 

Knoxville v. 

Knoxville T. 

Knoxville  - b. 

Knoxville v. 

Knoxville p.b. 

Knoxville c. 

Kochville tp. 

Koeltztovrn p.h. 

Kohlsvllle p.h. 

Kokomo p.v. 

Kokomo c. 

Korbel's  Mills p.h. 

Kortright p.tp. 

Kosciusko p.v. 

Koshkonong tp. 

Kosse p.v, 

Kossuth p.v. 

Kossuth tp. 

Kossuth p.v. 

Kossuth p.v, 

Kossuth tp, 

Koszta -p.v. 

Kouts'  Station p.v, 

Koylton tp. 

Kozer tp. 

Kragero p.tp. 

Krain tp. 

Krakow tp. 

Kratzerville p.b. 

Kreamer -.p.h. 


County. 


Lake 

Phillips 

Phillips- 

Armstrong 

Morgan 

Armstrong 

Armstrong 

York 

Granville 

Ogemaw 

Humboldt 

Schuylkill 

Lebanon 

Cattaraugus 

Pacific 

Carroll 

Carlton- 

Vanderbnrg 

Stanislaus- 

Henry 

Sonoma. 

Clay 

Cumberland 

Providence 

Cleveland- 

Johnson 

Yadkin 

Fulton 

Crawford 

Daviess.- 

Albany.- 

Orleans 

Warren- 

Marathon- 

Napa. 

Knox -...., 

Jay 

Starke 

Clarke 

Pottawattamie., 

Waldo 

Albany 

Albany 

Columbiana-.... 

Guernsey.- 

Holmes. 

Jefferson 

Vinton 

Clarion 

Clearfield- 

Jefferson 

Oneida 

Knox- 

Knox 

Dubois 

Marion- 

Marion 

Pendleton. 

Frederick  - 

Ray 

Ray 

Madison 

Stouben 

Alleghany 

Jefferson 

Tioga- 

Knox- 

Saginaw 

Osage 

Washington 

Summit -. 

Howard- 

Sonoma- 

Delaware-. 

Attala. 

Jefferson 

Limestone 

Dee  Moines.-,... 
Washington-.,.. 

Alcorn 

Auglaize 

Manitowoc 

Iowa 

Portor 

Tuscola. 

Colleton 

Chippewa- 

Stearns 

Presque  Isle...-. 

Snyder 

Snyder 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ohio-, 
Kan-, 
Kan-, 
Pa-..., 
Tenn.. 

Pa 

Pa...... 

Me.... 

N.  C. 
Mich, 
Oil ... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y- 
Wash 
Iowa. 
Minn 
Ind... 
Cal... 
Ind... 
Cal ... 
Ind... 
Me.... 
R.  I- 
N.  C- 
Mo... 
N.  C- 

Pa 

Mo... 

Ky..,. 

N.Y., 

N.Y- 

N.J.. 

Wis.- 

Cal ... 

IU-... 

Ind,., 

Ind... 

Iowa, 

Iowa. ... 

Me.... 

N.  Y„ 

N.Y- 

Ohlo.. 

Ohio- 

Ohio- 

Ohio-,.. 

Ohio-. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y_. 
Mo  .... 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.,, 

Ky 

Md .... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-. 
N.  Y... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tenn ... 

Mich. 

Mo..., 

Wis. 

Col ..... 

Ind 

Cal , 

N.  Y-.. 
Miss-.. 

Wis 

Tex.-... 
Iowa.... 

Me. , 

Miss — 

Ohio 

Wis 

Iowa..., 
Ind...... 

Mich..., 

8.  0 — 

Minn... 

Minn ... 

Mich 

Pa-.., 

Pa-.., 


1,728 


1,504 
1,889 
3,333 
1,829 


1,342 
'r,628 
'r,07'i 


638 

914 

1,461 


615 


1,691 
166 


2,881 
686 
244 
777 
961 
889 

1,666 


2,161 
810 
964 

1,301 
669 
656 
687 
863 
208 


1,883 


4,750 
800 


320 
2,469 


241 
786 


400 
8,682 
1,070 


2477 


1,812 

577 

3,202 


119 


112 
2,186 


42a 


206 

1,421 
807 

1,698 
109 

1,681 

2,624 

8.280 

2,88« 
470 

1,143 

1,536 
144 
390 
132 
801 
93 

1,903 
191 

1,670 
230 
968 
647 
247 
759 
689 

1,615 
67 
693 
157 
329 
821 

1,476 
379 
851 

2,579 
840 
316 
903 

2,344 
862 

1,604 
182 

2,240 
964 

1,005 

2,011 
947 
767 
788 

1,011 
262 
234 

1,600 
33 

6,728 

2,677 

lis 

266 

2,301 

88 

217 

858 

393 

103 

469 

10,917 

1,768 

84 

68 

818 

4,042 

42 

1,730 

1,126 

3,406 

476 

235 

122 

132 

119 

2,168 

107 

214 

919 

1,490 

379 

214 

242 

98 

79 


1  Since  1870,  area  rednced. 


>  Organized  in  1872. 


•  Since  1870,  area  redacetf 


828 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Kreider h. 

Kreidersville p.h. 

Kreischerville v. 

Kulpsville p.v. 

Kuttawa p.v. 

Kutztowu p.b. 

Kyger p.v. 

Kylertown..... p.v. 

LabadieviUe p.v. 

LaBallona tp. 

La  Belle tp. 

La  Belle p.v. 

Labette p.tp. 

La  Carne p.h. 

Lacey p.b, 

Lacey tp. 

Lacey  Spring .p.h. 

La  Cinta p.v. 

Lack tp. 

Lackawanna p.tp. 

Lackawannock~....tp. 

Lackawaxen h. 

Lackawaxen p.tp. 

Laclede  1 tp. 

Laclede p.v. 

Laclede p.h. 

Laclede p.v. 

Lacon tp. 

Lacon p.v. 

Lacona p.v. 

Lacona p.v. 

Laconia. p.v. 

Laconia. p.v. 

Laconia. tp. 

Laconia p.v. 

Lac  Qui  Parle tp. 

Lac  Qui  Parle p.v. 

La  Crescent tp. 

La  Crescent p.v. 

La  Crosse p.v. 

La  Crosse p.tp. 

La  Crosse tp. 

La  Crosse c. 

La  Oygne p.v. 

Ladoga p.v. 

Ladonia. p.v. 

Ladora p.v. 

Ladore p.tp. 

La  Due p.v. 

Laenna tp. 

La  Fargeville p.v. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette c. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette p.tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette P-tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette v. 

Lafayette v. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette h. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette v. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette p.v. 

Lafayette p.tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayette tp. 

Lafayetteville p.h. 

Lafifoe V. 

La  Fontaine p.v. 

Lagarta p.v. 


State. 


Snyder Pa.. 

Northampton Pa.j 

Bichmond 

Montgomery.... 

Lyon 

Berks 

Gallia 

Clearfield , 

Assumption.-... 
Los  Angeles-.., 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Labette 

Ottawa 

Mahaska 

Ocean 

Bockingham.... 

San  Miguel 

Juniata 

Lackawanna.... 

Mercer , 

Sullivan , 

Pike 

Fayette , 

Fayette 

Pottawatomie .. 

Linn 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Warreu 

Oswego 

Desha. 

Harrison 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Lac  Qui  Parle.. 
Lac  Qui  Parle . 

Houston 

Houston 

Izard 

Bush 

Jackson 

La  Crosse 

Linn 

Montgomery... 

Fannin 

lOWH 

Neosho 

Henry 

Logan 

Jefferson 

Chambers 

WHlker 

Coles 

Ogle 

Stark 

Allen 

Floyd 

Madison 

Owen 

Tippecanoe 

Allamakee 

Bremer 

Keokuk 

Story 

Chautauqua.. .. 

Christian 

Gratiot 

Nicollet 

Clinton 

Sussex 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Allen 

Ashland 

Coshocton 

Madison 

Medina. 

Richland 

Yam  Hill 

McKeau 

Montgomery... 
Washington.... 
Montgomery... 

Chippewa 

Monroe 

Walworth 

Dutchess 

Schuylkill 

Wabash 

Live  Oak 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


N.T.. 

Pa 

Ky.... 

Pa 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

La 

Cal..., 
Mo.... 
Mo..., 
Kan. 
Ohio. 
Iowa. 
N.J.. 
Va... 
N.  Mex. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa..... 
N.  Y.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.. 
Mo.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 

N.Y.. 

Ark... 

Ind... 

N.H., 

N.  H. 

Minn 

Minn 

Minn ... 

Minn ... 

Ark...r.. 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Kan 

Ind 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Ala 

6a , 

111 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich..., 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon, 

Pa , 

Pa 

B.I 

Va. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ind 

Tex 


945 


282 


1,290 
6,153 
1,079 


1,757 

1,242 

169 


2,440 
2,105 


2,309 


7,785 


878 


691 


1,382 

251 

1,265 

467 

284 

1,471 

1,576 

1,452 

1,071 

13,506 

1,120 

867 

969 

401 


216 
288 
594 

2,007 
884 

2,23;i 
135 
337 


920 

143 

1,109 


970 

492 

1,032 


ill 

87 

483 

311 

294 

1,198 
199 
141 
216 

2,493 

1,746 

340 

626 

50 

45 

814 

49 

117 

1,439 

5,821 

1.092 
81 

1,588 

1,209 
121 
32 
694 

2,214 

1,814 
282 
378 
130 
112 

3,790 

1,445 
460 
108 
844 
326 
246 
531 
373 
14,505 
836 
928 
223 
211 

1,055 
140 

1,090 
307 

1,061 
207 

1,162 
384 
265 

1,425 

1,660 

1,626 

955 

14,860 

1,161 
760 

1,986 

1,145 
817 
970 

1,005 
904 

1,645 
781 

2,160 
146 
333 
148 

1,018 
184 

1,105 
79 
396 

1,266 
139 
405 
122 

1,903 
402 

1,028 

79 

288 

295 

199 


County.  State 


Lagonda p.v. 

La  Grand „tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

Lh  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.b. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Orange tp. 

La  Grange p.h. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.tp. 

La  Grange  IronWorks.v 

La  Grangeville p.v. 

Lagro tp. 

Lagro p.v. 

Lagnardo p.v. 

La  Harpe tp. 

La  Harpe p.v. 

Lahaska p.h. 

Laingsburg p.v. 

Lairds  ville p.v. 

Lair's  Station p.h. 

La  Joya v. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake- tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake  - tp. 

Luke tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake .....tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake p.v. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake p.tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake p.tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake  Addle h. 

Lake  Andrew tp. 

Lake  Belt p.tp. 

Lake  Benton tp. 

Lake  Benton p.v. 

Lake  Charles p.v. 

Lake  City- tp. 

Lake  City p.v. 

Lake  City h. 

Lake  City p.v. 

Lake  City p.v. 

Lake  City p.tp, 

Lake  City p.h. 

Lake  City p.v. 

Lake  Creek tp. 

Lake  Creek tp. 

Lake  Creek tp. 

Lake  Crystal p.v. 

Lake  Elizabeth p.v. 

Lake  Eunice tp. 

Lakefleld tp. 

Lake  Forest p.v. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Clark 

Douglas 

Lee 

Stanislaus.... 

Troup 

Bond 

Cook 

La  Grange.., 

Harrison 

Oldham 

Penobscot... 
Penobscot..., 

Cass 

Cuss , 

Lewis 

Dutchess 

Wyoming... 

Lenoir 

Jefferson..... 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Wyoming ... 
Fayette  -.... 

Fa3'ette 

Monroe-.... 
Walworth... 

Stewart 

Dutchess.... 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Wilson 

Hancock.... 
Hancock.... 

Bucks 

Shiawassee . 
Lycoming-. 
Harrison.... 
Bio  Arriba . 

Mono 

Clinton- 

Cook 

Allen 

Kosciusko I  Ind 

Newton j  Ind, 


Ohio 

Minn ... 
Ark  _.... 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mich..., 
Mich..., 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio..... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Tenn ... 
N.Y.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Tenn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ky 

N.  Max, 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 


Cerro  Gordo- 

Eumboldt 

Monona 

Muscatine. 

Pocahontas 

Wright 

Harper 

Harvey 

Benzie 

Berrien- 

Huron 

Lake 

Wabasha 

Scott 

Buchanan 

Vernon 

Ashland 

Logan 

Sterk 

Wood 

Luzerne 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Williamsburg.- 

Milwaukee 

McLeod 

Kandiyohi 

Martin 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Calcasieu 

Modoc 

Modoc 

Nevada.- 

Columbia 

Calhoun 

Barbour 

Missaukee 

Wabashtt 

Calhoun. 

Pettis 

Bladen 

Blue  Earth 

Kandiyohi 

Becker 

Saginaw 

Lake 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Minn  .» 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

La 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Fla 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 
Ill- 


324 


1  Since  1870,  area  diminished. 


POPULATIOX  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


lAke  Fork tp. 

Lake  Fremont tp. 

Liake  George tp. 

Lake  Grove p.T. 

Lake  Hanska tp. 

Lake  Hendricks  ...tp. 

Lake  Heury tp. 

Lake  Ida  tp. 

Lake  Johanna p.tp. 

Lakeland tp. 

Lakeland p.v. 

Lakeland tp. 

Lake  Lauding p.tp. 

Lake  Lillian p.tp. 

Lake  Liuden p.v. 

Lake  Marshall tp. 

Lake  Mary tp. 

Lake  Mills p.v. 

Lake  Mills tp. 

Lake  Mills p.y. 

Lake  Park tp. 

Lake  Pleasant tp. 

Lake  Pleasant tp. 

Lakeport p.v. 

Lakeport tp. 

Lakeport p.v. 

Lakeport p.h. 

Lake  Prairie tp. 

Lake  Prairie tp. 

Lake  Ridge p.h. 

Lake  Sarah tp. 

Lake  Shore tp. 

Lakeside tp. 

Lakeside tp. 

Lakeside p.h. 

Lakeside  Station  ...p.v. 

Lake  Stay p.tp. 

Laketon p.v. 

Laketon tp. 

Lakotown tp. 

Lakotown tp. 

Laketown p.v. 

Laketown tp. 

Lake  Valley p.tp. 

Lake  Valley h. 

Lake  View p.tp. 

Lakeview p.v. 

Lakeview tp. 

Lakeview p.v. 

Lake  Village p.v. 

Lake  Village p.h. 

Lakeville p.h. 

Lakeville p.v. 

Lakeville p.tp. 

Lakeville pint. 

Lakeville p.tp. 

Lakeville p.h. 

Lakeville tp. 

Lakeville p.v. 

Lakeville p.v. 

Lake  wood p.h. 

Lake  Zurich p.v. 

Lakin tp. 

Lukiu tp. 

La  Luz V. 

Lamar p.h. 

Lamar ......tp. 

Lamar p.v. 

Lamar p.tp. 

Lamar p.v. 

LaMard tp. 

Lamar  Station p.h. 

Lumartine p.tp. 

Lamasco p.h. 

Lamborton tp. 

Laroberton p.T. 

Lambertvillo p.v. 

Lumbsburg p.h. 

Lamb's  Corners p.h. 

La  Mine p.tp. 

Liimoille tp. 

liHrai^ille p.T. 

Lamoille p.v. 

La  Moin tp. 

Laiiiui  lie p.tp. 

Lamuiit p.T. 

La  Monte tp. 

La  Monte p.T. 

La  Motte tp. 

La  Motte p.T. 

l.a  Motte p.tp. 


Connty. 


Logan 

Martin 

Steams 

Suffolk 

Brown 

Lincoln 

Stearns.. 

Polk 

Pope 

Waahiiigton.... 
Washington.... 

Barron 

Hyde 

Kandij'ohi 

Houghton 

Lyon 

Douglas 

Winnebago 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Becker 

Polk 

Hamilton , 

Lake 

Woodbury.. 

St.  Clair. 

Madison 

Marion 

Nicollet 

Tompkins , 

Murray 

Lac  Qui  Parle, 

Muskegon 

Cottonwood 

Ottawa 

Lake 

Lincoln 

Wabash 

Muskegon 

Allegan 

Carver 

Bich 

Polk 

El  Dorado 

Placer 

Cook 

Montcalm 

Becker 

Lake 

Newton 

Natchitoches .. 

Sonoma- 

Litchfield 

Dickinson 

Penobscot 

Plymouth 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Livingston 

Shelby 

Lake 

Barton 

Harvey 

Donna  Ana.... 

Marshall 

Barton 

Barton 

Clinton 

Aransas 

Wayne 

Nodaway 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Lyon 

Redwood 

Redwood 

Hunterdon 

Carroll 

Broome 

Cooper 

Bureau 

Bureau , 

Marsliall 

McDonougb.... 

Hancock 

Ottawa 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Crawford 

.Jackson 

Sanilac 


State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Ill 

Minn ... 

398 

431 
165 
186 
398 
336 
218 
346 
126 
263 
732 
303 
77 

3,043 
283 

2,610 
266 
331 
414 

1,668 
671 
629 
164 
343 
662 
436 
146 
91 

3,714 

1,241 

84 

217 

349 

1,702 
367 
67 
170 
172 
206 
918 
910 

1,056 

170 

461 

71 

20 

6,666 
699 
179 
270 
133 
27 
46 
811 
114 
136 

1,008 
81 
802 
168 
151 
72 
146 

1,216 

465 

249 

61 

2,209 
907 

1,524 
129 

1,301 
83 

1,378 
49 
224 
149 

4,183 
91 
83 

1,193 

1,391 
488 
120 

1,290 
749 
261 

1,263 
396 

1,888 
161 
301 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

51inn... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 
Wis 

216 
159 

219 

696 

N.  C 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

2,235 
238 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

im 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Cal 

1,509 
690 



318 

248 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 
N.  Y 

134 

4,968 

828 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Mich..., 
Minn ... 
Ohio  ... 

•••"•"* 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Ind 

Mich.!'.; 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Utah.... 

Wis 

Cal 

Cal 

1,039 

660 

1,039 

246 

111 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Oregon. 
Ind 

1,841 

La 

Cal 

Conn ... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass... 
Mich.... 

io's 

1,159 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

780 
130 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan .. .. 

N.  Mex. 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

"'i*,6Ti 

Pa 

Tex 

1,391 

Ill 

Mo 

1,349 

Wis 

Ky 

1,367 

Minn... 
Minn  ... 

N.  J 

Va 

"3,842 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

1,088 
1,408 

ni 

Me 

Mich.... 

1,167 
612 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

184 
1,988 

Mioh... 

94 

Place. 


Lampasas p.T. 

Lampeter p.T. 

Lanark p.T. 

Lanark tp. 

Lancaster h. 

I.<ancaster tp. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster v. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.v. 

Lancaster t. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster P-tp. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.h. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster p.tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.v. 

Lancaster c. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster c. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.v. 

Lancaster  C.  H p.v. 

Lancaster  0.  H p.h. 

Lancha  Plana p.v. 

Land tp. 

Landaffi tp. 

Landeck p.T. 

Landenburg p.T. 

Lander p.T. 

Lander p.T. 

Landersville p.h. 

Landgrove p.tp. 

Landingville p.T. 

Landis tp. 

Landisburg p.b. 

LandisTille p.T. 

Landsford p.tp. 

Lane p.h. 

Lane tp. 

Lane p.T. 

Lane tp. 

Lanesbo  rough p.tp. 

Lanesborough p.T. 

Lanesbo  rough p.tp, 

Lanesborough p.T. 

Lanesburg tp. 

Lane's  Creek p.tp, 

Lanesrille p.T. 

Lanesvllle p.T. 

LaneTille v. 

Langdon p.tp, 

Langdon p.tp. 

Landsford tp. 

Langhei p.tp, 

Langhorne p.b. 

Langlade p.tp, 

Langley p.T. 

Langley p.T. 

Langola tp. 

Langs  ton p.T. 

LangTlUe t. 

Langworthy p.h. 

Lanier tp. 

Lanigen's v. 

Lankford «p.h. 

Landsdale p.b. 

L'Anse tp. 

L'Anse p.T. 

Lansford p.b. 

Lansing p.T. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansing c. 

Lansing p.T. 

Lansing o. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansing p.T. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansiugburg tp. 

Lansingburg p.T. 

LansingTille p.v, 

Ijaona tp. 


County. 


Lampasas 

Lancaster 

Carroll 

Portage 

Peoria , 

Stephenson...., 

Wabash , 

Wabash 

Hnntingdon ... 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Owen , 

Wells 

Keokuk 

Atchison , 

Atchison 

Garrard , 

Worcester , 

Schuyler 

Coos 

Coos 

Erie 

Erie , 

Faii-fleld 

Butler 

Lancaster 

Lancaster , 

Dallas 

Grant 

Grant 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Amador 

Grant 

Grafton 

Allen 

Chester 

Warren 

Sweetwater.... 

Lawrence 

Bennington ... 

Schuylkill 

Cumberland... 

Perry 

Lancaster 

Chester 

De  Witt 

Warrick , 

Franklin 

Greenwood .... 

Berkshire 

Fillmore 

Anson 

Snsquehanna.. 

Le  Sueur 

Union 

Harrison 

Essex 

Armstrong.... 

Reno 

Sullivan 

Chester 

Pope 

Bucks 

Langlade 

Aiken 

Fairfax 

Benton 

Montcalm 

Yolo 

Jones 

Preble 

Schuylkill 

Kent , 

Montgomery.. 

Baraga 

Baraga 

Carbon 

Cook 

Allamakee .... 
Allamakee.... 
Leavenworth.. 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Mower 

Mower 

Tompkins < 

Rensselaer.... 
Rensselaer  .... 

Tompkins. 

Winnebago 


Stst*. 


Tex-.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Wis 

111 

Ill 

IlL 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

S.  0 

Va 

Cal 

Minn ... 
N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wy 

Ala 

Vt 

Pa 

N.J 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 

N.  0 

Pa 

Minn ... 

N.  C 

Ind 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

Kan 

N.  H.... 

S.C 

Minn ... 
Pa 

Wl8.„... 

S.  C 

Va 

Minn ... 
Mich.... 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Md 

Pa. 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.      188U. 


972 
471 


986 
956 


1,492 
1,442 


1,381 

1,526 

909 


741 
1,846 

427 
2,248 


4,336 
1,697 
4,725 
1,063 
20,233 
1,062 


2,716 


882 


302 


7,079 
369 

2,400 

"870 


320 
1,.393 

666 
1.293 


1,123 

1,576 

157 


411 
2,400 


86 


1,634 


2,519 
1,756 


5,241 
823 
773 


2,874 
6,804 
6,372 


742 


653 

191 

1,198 

663 

81 

1,172 

1,002 

182 

1,782 

1,307 

119 

360 

1,806 

1,306 

1,321 

76 

1,234 

2,008 

528 

2,721 

1,409 

3,944 

1,602 

6,803 

1,070 

26,769 

1,261 

497 

2,810 

1,069 

681 

79 

168 

213 

606 

100 

363 

122 

193 

67 

246 

712 

6,005 

336 

260 

2,645 

95 

1,165 

166 

394 

1,286 

1,032 

2,041 

348 

1,637 

2,608 

280 

927 

206 

666 

364 

2,646 

297 

668 

368 

800 

103 

312 

124 

161 

78 

1,900 

487 

19 

798 

1,184 

1,014 

2,206 

218 

2,723 

1,811 

933 

8,319 

1,200 

662 

144 

3,000 

7,760 

7,432 

133 

742 


>  In  1876.  part  to  Easton. 


826 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAKED. 


Place. 


La  Otto ..p.y. 

La  Pala tp. 

Lapata. t. 

Lapatcong tp. 

La  Paz p.b. 

Lapeer tp. 

Lapeer.« p.v. 

Lapeer ..p.tp. 

La  Place p.v. 

La  Plata tp. 

La  Plata p.T. 

La  Poiute p.v. 

La  Porte p.T. 

La  Porte p.h. 

La  Porte c. 

La  Porte p.T. 

La  Porte .p.h. 

La  Porte p.h. 

La  Porte tp. 

La  Porte p.b. 

La  Prairie p.T. 

La  Prairie tp. 

La  Prairie tp. 

Lapwai p.T. 

Larabee p.T. 

Laramie  City p.T. 

Larchwood p.h. 

Laredo p.T. 

Larimer tp. 

Larissa p.T. 

Larkin tp. 

Larkinsburg tp.' 

Larksyille p.T. 

Lamed tp. 

Lamed p.T. 

La  Rose p.T. 

Larrabee tp. 

Larue p.T. 

Larwill p.T. 

La  Salle tp. 

Ija  Salle c. 

La  Salle p.tp. 

La  Salle p.T. 

Laa  Animas p.h. 

Las  Coloniaa p.T. 

La  Sieuri tp. 

LasaellsTille p.T. 

Lassen tp. 

Las  Truchas t. 

Latcha p.b. 

Latham p.T. 

Latham p.h. 

Lathrop p.h. 

Lathrop tp. 

'  Lathrop p.T. 

Lathrop p.tp. 

Latimberrille h. 

Latimore p.tp. 

Latrobe p.v. 

Latrobe p.b. 

Lattasburg p.T. 

Lattaville b. 

Lattimer t. 

Lattingtown t. 

Latty tp. 

Laubach h. 

Lauckport t. 

Lauderdale  Station.p.T. 

Laughei-y tp. 

Lauramie tp. 

LauraTille p.T. 

Laurel p.T. 

Laurel tp. 

Laurel p.T. 

Laurel p.T. 

Laurel tp. 

Laurel p.T. 

Laurel tp. 

Laurel  Creek tp. 

Laurel  Hill T. 

Laurel  Hill tp. 

Laurel  Hill T. 

Laurel  Hill t. 

Laurelville p.T. 

Laurens tp. 

Laurens p.T. 

Laurena tp. 

Laurens  0.  H .p.T. 

Laurin p.b. 

Laurinburg p.T. 

Laury's  Station p.T. 


County. 


Noble 

San  Diego„ 

Ulster 

Warren 

Marshall 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Cortland 

Piatt 

Macon 

Macon 

Ashland 

Plumaa 

Larimer 

La  Porte 

BlaclE  Hawk... 

Wayne 

Lorain 

SuUiTan 

SuUiTan 

Adams 

Marshall 

Bock 

Nez  Perces 

McKean 

Albany 

Lyon _ 

Webb 

Somerset 

Cherokee 

Midland 

Clay 

Luzerne 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Marshall 

Waupaca 

Marion 

Whitley 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Monroe 

Niagara 

Bent 

Sau  Miguel 

New  Madrid.... 

Fulton 

Tehama 

Kio  Arriba 

Wood 

Logan 

Pike 

Delta 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Susquehanna.. 

Marion 

Adams 

El  Dorado 

Westmoreland. 

Wayne 

Boss 

Luzerne 

Queens 

Paulding 

Northampton.. 

Wood 

Lauderdale 

Bipley 

Tippecanoe 

Baltimore 

Sussex 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Prince  George'i 

Ashe 

Clermont 

Hocking 

Watauga 

Fulton 

Bichmond 

Providence 

Lawrence 

Hocking 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Laurens 

Laurens 

Madison 

Richmond 

Lehigh 


State. 

Population.     1 

1870. 

1880. 

Ind 

194 
429 
128 

1,691 
84 

1,168 

2,911 
757 
144 

1,289 

529 

269 

274 

62 

6,195 

1,006 

63 

95 

672 

192 

233 

1,206 
819 
166 
200 

2,696 
43 

3,621 
618 
173 
210 

1,179 
454 

1,842 

1,066 
125 

1,385 
614 
506 

8,987 

7,847 

1,506 

197 

52 

148 

1,686 

142 

579 

220 

91 

261 

70 

32 

2,283 
746 

1,054 
63 

1,282 
108 

1,815 
126 
62 
784 
200 
609 
63 
168 
266 

1,930 

2,381 
197 

1,022 

1,865 
670 

1,206 
772 
138 

1,292 
887 
240 

2,487 
340 
199 
165 

1,827 
252 

4,587 

752 

60 

908 

184 

Cal 

N.  T..... 

120 

N.  J 

Ind 

1,150 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

HI 

1,092 

1,772 

735 

Mo 

Mo 

Wifl«.... 

1,566 
646 

Cal 

Col 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Neb 

6,581 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

630 

146 

Ill 

Wis 

Idaho... 
Pa. 

1,400 
867 

Wyom.. 
Iowa.,., 

Tex 

Pa 

Tex 

2,046 
951 

Mich.... 

Ill_ 

Pa 

976 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

Wis 

Ohio 

362 

Ind 

Ill 

HI 

Mich 

N.T 

5,462 
5,200 
1,392 

Col 

N.  Mex. 

Mo 

N.  Y 

2,004 

Col 

N.  Mex. 
Ohio 

240 

Ill 

Ohio 

Mich.,.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ohio 

1,782 
523 
983 

Pa 

Cal 

1,230 

Pa 

Ohio 

1,127 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

294 

W.Va.., 
Miss 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Del 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

N,  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.O 

Ill 

1,874 
2,444 

""i',08b 
1,942 

741 
1,148 

456 

126 
1,343 

585 

N.  0 

R.I 

2,127 

Tenn  ... 
Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,919 

S.C 

S.  c 

4,289 

N.  C 

Pa 

Place. 


Laurytown t. 

Lausanne tp. 

Lavalle tp. 

Lavalle p.T. 

Lavansville p.T. 

La  Yentana t. 

La  Veta p.T. 

LaTilla t. 

LaTonia p.h. 

Lawler p.T. 

Lawndale p.T. 

Lawndale tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence p,T. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence c. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence c. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence p.T. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence p.tp, 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrencebnrg c. 

Lawrenceburg tp. 

Lawrenceburg p.T. 

Lawrenceburg p.h. 

Lawrenceburg p.T. 

Lawrenceport h. 

Lawrenceville p.T. 

Lawrence  ville p.T. 

Lawrenceville p.T. 

Lawrence  vi  He p.T. 

Lawrenceville p.h. 

Lawrenceville t. 

Lawrenceville p.b. 

Lawrenceville p.T. 

Laws tp. 

Lawson p.T. 

Lawsonham p.v. 

Lawtey p.v. 

Lawton p,T. 

Lawton tp. 

Lawton  ville p.v, 

Laynesville p.v. 

Layton tp, 

Lazearville h. 

Leacock p.tp 

Lead  City p.T. 

Lead  Hill p.T. 

LeadTille c. 

Leaf  Lake tp. 

Leaf  Mountain p.tp. 

Leaf  River tp. 

Leaf  River p,tp, 

Leaf  Valley p,tp. 

Leaksville, tp. 

Leaksville p.T. 

Leaksville p.h. 

Leary's p.T. 

Leasburg p.h. 

Leasburg p.tp, 

Leatherwood h. 

Leavenworth p.T, 

Leavenworth c, 

Leavenworth p.tp. 

Leavenworth tp. 

Leavitt tp, 

Leavittsbnrg p.v. 

Lebanon p.h. 

Lebanon p.tp. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon p.v, 

Lebanon p,T, 

Lebanon p.h. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon p.tp. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon* tp, 

Lebanon t. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon p.T. 


County. 


Carbon 

Carbon 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Somerset 

Bernalillo 

Huerfano... 

Duval 

Franklin 

Chickasaw 

Logan 

McLean 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Marion 

Cloud , 

Douglas 

Osborne 

Essex 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren , 

Grant 

Mercer 

St.  Lawrence.... 

Lawrence 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Tioga 

Brown 

Dearborn 

Dearborn 

Anderson 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Gwinnett 

Lawrence 

Dearborn 

St.  Lawrence ... 

Clark 

Chester 

Tioga 

Brunswick 

Williamsburg... 

Bay 

Clarion 

Bradford 

Van  Buren 

Hampton 

Burke 

Saline 

Pottawattamie . 

Brooke 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Boone 

Lake 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Ogle 

Wadena 

Douglas 

Rockingham  „. 
Rockingham  ... 

Page 

Calhoun 

Crawford 

Caswell 

Ohio 

Crawford 

Leavenworth.... 

Brown 

Darlington 

Oceana 

Trumbull 

De  Kalb 

New  London .... 

Kent 

St.  Clair 

Boone 

Van  Buren 

Marion 

York 

Clinton 

Dakota 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Laclede 

Laclede , 


State. 


Pa..,. 
Pa... 
Wis., 
Wis. 
Pa.,,. 
N.  Mex. 

Coi: 

Fla 

Ga 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich... 
Minn  ,. 

N,  J 

N,  Y,,,. 
Ohio,,,. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 

Pa , 

Pa 

Wis.,,, 
Ind...., 
Ind.,.. 

Ky 

Mo 

Tenn ., 
Ind,... 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ind,,.. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

S,C.„., 

Mo 

Pa 

Fla.... 
Mich,. 
S.C...., 

Ga. 

Mo 

Iowa.. 
W.  Va. 

Pa 

Dak... 

Ark 

Col .... 
Minn . 
Minn  , 

III 

Minn , 
Minn ,.. 
N.O.... 
N.  0...., 

Va 

Ga , 

Mo 

N.  0 

W.Va., 

Ind 

Kan .... 
Minn .. 

S,  0 

Mich.,, 
Ohio,.., 

Ala 

Conn ,. 

Del 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.,, 

Ky 

Me 

Mich,,, 
Minn  „ 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


1,416 
881 


836 
1,492 
2,360 

160 


8,320 


28,921 

1,927 

565 


2,261 

2,577 

1,245 

3,366 

1,479 

2,860 

1,720 

967 

750 

3,169 

1,708 

393 

"""se'i 


350 


478 
'i",274 


1,081 
3,906 


1,906 


1,067 


232 
2,031 


1,461 


567 

17,873 

433 

1.099 

316 


2,211 


2,117 
1,572 


1,925 
1,953 
1,119 
216 
3,316 


3,358 
1,090 


326 


»  In  1874,  part  to  Portage, 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


FUee. 


Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon ....p.T. 

Lebanon  1 tp. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon t. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon p.b. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon p.T. 

.ebanou p.T. 

Lebanon p.tp. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon  Junction.p.T. 

Leboeuf....... p.tp. 

Leclaire tp. 

Leclaire p.T. 

Lecompton ...._.  tp. 

Lecompton p.T. 

Ledbetter p.T. 

Ledge  Dale p.T. 

Ledyard p.tp. 

Ledyard p.tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee » tp. 

Lee p.T. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee p.tp. 

Lee p.tp. 

Lee p.tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee  * tp. 

Lee p.tp. 

Lee p.tp. 

Lee M~. p.tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee  Centre tp. 

Lee  Centre p.T. 

Lee  Centre p.T. 

Leech tp. 

Leechburg p.b. 

Leechville p.h. 

Leeds p.tp. 

Leeds p.T. 

Leeds tp. 

Leeds p.tp. 

Leedsville h. 

Leef. tp. 

Leelenaw .tp. 

Leemont p.T. 

Leentbrop tp. 

Leepertown tp. 

Lee's tp. 

Leesbnrg p.T. 

Leesburg p.T. 

Leesbnrg. p.T. 

Leesburg p.T. 

Leeaburg h. 

Leesburg p.T. 

Leesbnrg t. 

Leesburg p.T. 

Leesburg tp, 

Leesbnrg p.v. 

Leesburg p.T. 

Leesburg p.T. 

Lee's  Cross  Boad8..p.T. 

Lee's  Mills p.tp. 

Lee's  Summit p.T. 

LeesTille p.h. 

LeesTllle «p.T. 

Leesville tp. 

LeesTille p.h. 

Leesville „.t. 

Leesyille p.T. 

Leet tp. 

Leetonia p.T. 

Leetonia p.T. 

Leeton h. 

Left  Hand p.T. 

Legett tp. 

Le  Orand tp. 

Le  Grand p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Grafton  ~ 

Grafton 

Hunterdon .... 
Hunterdon.... 

Madison 

Madison 

Orange 

Meigs 

Monroe.„ 

Warren 

Linn 

Lebanon 

Wayne 

Wilson 

Rnssell 

Dodge 

Waupaca 

Bullitt 

Erie 

Scott 

Scott 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Fayette.. 

Wayne 

New  London . 

Cayuga 

Sacramento.... 

Brown 

Fnlton 

Lee 

Buena  Vista... 

Franklin 

Madison 

Penobscot 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Calhoun 

Platte 

Strafford 

Oneida 

Athens 

Carroll 

Monroe 

Williamsburg 

Lee 

Lee 

Oneida 

Wayne 

Armstrong.... 

Beaufort 

Androscoggin. 
Hampshire.... 

Murray 

Columbia 

Monmouth.... 

Madison 

Leelenaw 

Accomack...... 

Chippewa 

Bureau 

Columbus 

Sumter.„ 

Lee 

Kosciusko 

Harrison 

Cameron 

Cumberland .. 

Carroll 

Highland....... 

Union 

Mercer 

Camp 

Loudoun 

Cumberland .. 
Washington... 

Jackson 

Colnsa 

Lawrence 

Henry 

Henry 

Crawford 

Lexington 

Alleghany 

Columbiana... 

Tioga 

Sumter. 

Boulder 

Marion 

Marshall 

Marshall 


State. 


N,  H.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  J>... 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  T 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Va. 

Wis...... 

Wis 

Ky 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Tex 

Pa 

Conn.... 
N.  T..... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

K.  H.... 

N.  T 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  T 

HI 

Pa 

N.  0 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn... 

Wis 

N.J 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Va 

Minn  ... 

Ill 

N.  C 

Fla 

Ga 

Ind 

Ky 

La 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Tex- 

Va. 

Pa. 

N.  0-... 

Mo 

Cal 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

S.  0 

Pa. 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Ga. 

Col 

S.  0 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


3,094 
3,661 
'i',659 


1,823 

124 

2,749 

"6,727 

628 

2,073 

209 

1,621 

657 


1,748 

1,940 

1,093 

971 


1,392 
2,221 
376 
1,560 
1,296 


302 


426 

960 
3,866 

249 
1,123 
2,290 

776 
2,656 
1,146 

901 
1,114 
1,181 
1,028 


356 

1,268 

368 


1,288 


1,098 


629 
830 


387 
631 


320 
144 


608 
1,410 


1,144 
T,522 


629 
1,200 


1,365 
1,537 


8,364 

1,954 

2,699 
313 

1,686 
157 
804 

2,020 
99 

2,703 
270 

8,778 
690 

2,296 
244 

1,680 
843 
116 

1,420 

1,876 

1,061 

1,004 
284 
147 
179 

1,373 

2,199 
518 

1,466 

1,092 
218 
393 
411 
756 
894 

3,939 
654 

1,225 

1,117 
715 

2,360 

1,086 
933 

1,241 

1,619 
984 
245 
320 

1,231 

1,123 
69 

1,194 
931 
213 

1,157 
63 
919 

1,015 
124 
387 
450 

1,148 
200 
358 
354 
107 
81 
473 
408 
513 

1,552 
118 
224 

1,726 
135 

2,218 
693 
36 
113 

1,263 

70 

213 

177 

890 

2,662 

195 

97 

426 

1,612 

1,906 
341 


FlacA. 


Lehl  City ...—p.T. 

Lehigh tp. 

Lehigh ......tp. 

Lehigh tp. 

Lehigh  Tannery  ....p.T. 

Lehighton p.b. 

Lehman p.tp. 

Lehman tp. 

Leicester -tp. 

Leicester p.T. 

Leicester -tp. 

Leicester -tp. 

Leicester -p.T. 

Leicester p.tp. 

Leidy tp. 

Leigh pJi. 

Leighton p.T. 

Leighton h. 

Leighton -p.T. 

Leighton tp. 

Leipelville t. 

Leiperrille t. 

Leipsic p.T. 

Leipsic -p.T. 

Leitchfield p.T. 

Leitersburg p.T. 

Leithville t. 

Leland -p.T. 

Leland tp. 

Leland -.p.T. 

Le  Loup p.h. 

Lemars p.T. 

Lemington p.tp. 

Lemley's p.tp. 

Lemon p.tp. 

Lemon p.tp. 

Lemond p.^. 

Lemont tp. 

Lemont p.T. 

Lemon  weir tp. 

Lemonweir .h. 

Lemoore tp. 

Lemoore p.T. 

Lempster tp. 

Lempster -p.h. 

Lena p.T. 

Lena p.T. 

Lena .t. 

Lenape p.h. 

LenhartSTlIle p.T. 

Lenkerville t. 

Lenni  Mills p.T. 

Lennox p.h. 

Leno .p.b. 

Lenoir -.tp. 

Lenoir p.v. 

Lenoir  Institute....tp. 

Lenoir's p.v. 

Lenora p.h. 

Lenora p.T. 

Lenox tp. 

Lenox tp. 

Lenox p,T. 

Lenox tp. 

Lenox p.T. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenoxburg p.h. 

LenoxTille p.T. 

Lent —tp. 

Leo p.T. 

Leola tp. 

Leominster p.tp. 

Leon .p.T. 

Leon T. 

Leon tp. 

Leon tp. 

Leon p.T. 

Leon p.T. 

Leon p.tp. 

Leou tp. 

Leona p.h. 

LeonardsTille p.T. 

Leonard  town —p.T. 

Leoui p.tp. 

Leonia - p.T, 

Leonidas tp. 

Leouidas p.y, 

Leopold tp. 


Oonnty. 


State. 


Utah 

Carbon 

Lackawanna. .. 
Northampton.. 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Luzerne 

Pike 

Worcester- 

Worcester. , 

Livingston ..... 

Buncombe 

Buncombe 

Addison 

Clinton.- 

Colfax , 

Colbert.- 

Lawrence 

Mahaska 

Allegan 

Schuylkill 

Delaware 

Kent 

Putnam 

Grayson 

Washington ... 
Northampton., 

La  Salle 

Leelenaw 

Leelenaw...... 

Franklin 

Plymouth 

Essex 

Mecklenburg.. 

Butler 

Wyoming- 

Steele 

Cook 

Cook 

Juneau 

Junean 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Stephenson 

Parke 

Miami 

Leavenworth.. 

Berks 

Dauphin 

Delaware.- 

Lincoln 

Columbia. 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Lenoir 

Loudon 

Norton 

Fillmore 

Warren 

Iowa 

Taylor 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Macomb 

Madison 

Ashtabula...... 

Susquehanna.. 

Bracken 

Susquehanna.. 

Chisago- 

Allen 

Adams 

Worcester 

Decatur 

Butler 

Goodhue 

Cattaraugus.... 
Cattaraugus..,. 

Mason 

Monroe 

Waushara. 

Doniphan 

Madison 

St.  Mary's- 

Jackson 

Bergen 

St.  Joseph- 

St.  Joseph- 

Perry 


Utah.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

MaM.... 
Mass... 
N.  T... 
N.  C-.. 
N.  C-.. 

Vt 

Pa. 

Neb 

Ala 

Ala 

Iowa... 

Mich,,.. 

Pa-... 

Pa...., 

Del,.. 

Ohio- 

Ky... 

Md.., 

Pa..... 

Ill 

Mich, 
Mich. 
Kan- 
Iowa, 
Vt.... 
N.  C- 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Minn 

111 

Ill 

Wis.-... 
Wis-. 
Cal... 
Cal ... 
N.  H. 
N.  H. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ohio- 
Kan - 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Dakota. 

Fla 

N.  C 

N.  C-... 

N,  C 

Tenn  ... 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa,,.. 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mass.,,. 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa 

Minn  „. 

Ind 

Wis 

Mass.... 
Iowa,,., 

Kan 

Minn,.. 
N.  Y 

N,  y 

W.  Va- 

Wis 

Wis 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Md 

Mich,,,. 

N,  J 

Mich,.,, 
Mich,,,, 
Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


674 
3,496 

1,486 
799 
832 

2,768 


1,744 
2,180 


630 
616 


1,206 


314 


191 
971 

6,242 
631 
417 

3.673 


1,947 


678 
T,294 
"144 


2,064 
446 


948 
446 


1,966 


2,134 

9,816 

762 

1,761 


185 

3,894 

8201 


970; 
1,204 1 


1,241 


486 
1,376 

T,4ra 

"*862l 


1,490 
3« 
196 

3,338 
302 

1,937 
940 
812 

2,779 
769 

1,679 

2,838 
642 
634 
683 
64 
196 
83 
146 

1,360 
112 
472 
40T 
681 
491 
308 
136 
663 
874 
391 
60 

1,896 
222 

1,499 

«,775 
668 
648 

8,798 

2,108 

1,011 
68 

1,744 

463 

602 

79 

1,620 

109 

153 

76 

161 

167 

836 

89 

16 

1,789 
422 

1,087 
236 
84 
100 
992 
496 
615 

2,013 
664 

2,516 

10,246 

820 

1,730 
69 
108 
175 
1G6 
238 

6,772 

1,367 
113 

1,138 

1,192 
193 
127 
748 
768 
136 
23ft 
466 

1,667 
266 

i,6ia 

141 
890 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Hich  Bridse. 


s  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


327 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETUKNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Leopold p.T. 

Leopolia p.h. 

Leota tp. 

Leota tp. 

Le  Ray tp. 

Le  RaysTille p.h. 

Le  RayBvillo p.b. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Leroy p.v. 

Le  Roy .p.h. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Roy p.tp. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Roy p.v. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Roy ~ p.tp 

Le  Roy ^ tp. 

Le  Roy p.v. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Royi tp. 

Le  Roy p.v. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Roy p.h. 

Le  Roy„ p.tp. 

Le  Roy» tp. 

Le  Roy„ p.h. 

Le  Roy p.tp. 

Le  Roy tp. 

Le  Sauk tp. 

Leslie tp. 

Leslie p.v. 

Leslie tp. 

Lessor tp. 

Lester tp. 

Lester p.h. 

Lester's p.h. 

Lesterville tp. 

Le  Sueur p.b. 

Le  Sueur  Centre;...p.h. 

Letait tp. 

Letart  Falls p.v. 

Letohatchee p.h. 

Letterkenny tp. 

Letts p.v. 

Levan tp. 

Levan p.v. 

Levanna ...p.  v. 

Levant p.tp. 

Levee tp. 

Levee p.h 

Level ^ p.h. 

Leven tp. 

Leverett p.tp. 

Levering p.v. 

Levey tp. 

Levick's  Mills. p.h. 

Levis tp. 

Lewes  &  Rehoboth.hnd. 

Lewinsville- p.h. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis p.v. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis p.h. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis ^ tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewisberry _p.b. 

Lewisborough p.tp. 

Lewisburg p.v. 

Lewisburg p.h. 

Lewisburg h. 

Lewisburg p.v. 

Lewisburg p.v. 

Lewisburg p.b. 

Lewisburg p.v. 

Lewisburg p.v. 

Lewis  Fork p.tp, 

Lewisport. p.v. 

Lewis  Station p.v. 

Lewiston tp. 

Lewiston p.v. 

Lewiston c. 

Lewiston.- p.v. 

Lewiston.™ p.v. 

Lewi8ton_ tp. 

Lewiston.- p.v. 


State. 


Perry 

Shawano 

Korton 

Nobles 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Bradford , 

Boone 

McLean , 

Lake 

Audubon 

Benton 

Bremer- 

Coffey 

Coffey 

Calhoun 

Ingham 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Blue  Earth.... 

Mower 

Mower 

Barton 

Barton 

Genesee 

Lake 

Medina. 

Bradford 

Dodge 

Stearns 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Todd 

Shawano 

Black  Hawk.. 
Black  Hawk.. 

Giles 

Reynolds 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Meigs 

Meigs 

Lowndes , 

Franklin , 

Louisa 

Jackson 

Juab 

Brown 

Penobscot 

Pike 

Montgomery 

Warren , 

Pope 

Franklin , 

Knox 

Shc 

Randolph 

Clark , 

Sussex 

Fairfax.-. 

Clay 

Cass 

Pottawattamie... 

Holt 

Essex 

Essex 

Lewis 

Brown 

Lycoming 

Northumberland 

Union 

York 

Westchester 

Conway 

Wayne 

St.  Tammany.-.. 

Champaign 

Preble 

Union 

Marshall 

Greenbrier 

Wilkes 

Hancock 

Henry 

Trinity 

Nez  Perces 

Androscoggin 

Winona 

Lewis 

Niagara. 

Niagara. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ind 

Wis 

Kim 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
Ohio..... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Wis.-.. 
Minn .. 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Wis 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Tenn... 

Mo 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Ala 

Pa- 

Iowa. .. 

Ill 

Utah... 

Ohio.... 

Me 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio- 
Minn  ... 

Mass... 

Ohio.... 

Iowa... 

Mo 

Wis 

Del 

Va 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Iowa. .. 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 

N.  Y.... 

N.  Y.... 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y..., 

Ark 

Iowa... 

La 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Tenn... 

W.  Va. 

N.  0.... 

Ky 

Mo 

Cal 

Idaho. , 

Me 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 

N.  Y-.. 


2,862 


284 

1,002 

862 


1,807 
363 

1,094 
410 

1,303 
859 
148 


448 
1,067 


452 


4,627 
811 


1,144 

1.576 

268 

1,996 


844 


1,319 


2,178 

88 

1,321 


104 
1,169 


160 
877 


203 
2,128 


1,220 
400 


4,081 
1,724 


1,262 
2,817 

963 
1,228 
1,007 

268 
1,601 

239 


110 
733 
391 

8,121 
822 
875 

1,062 
308 


13,600 


2,959 
770 


104 
41 
969 
97 
2,660 
84 
324 
884 
1,068 
46 
1,302 
1,800 
430 
975 
645 
1,278 
1,911 
819 
134 
1,170 
769 
432 
657 
40 
4,469 
722 
92 
1,196 
1,588 
293 
2,501 
1,113 
199 
465 
965 
31 
76 
1,068 
1,414 
73 
1,365 
141 
73 
2,476 
300 
864 
395 
294 
1,076 
763 
79 
46 
207 
742 
104 
625 
50 
266 
3,103 
45 
1,494 
560 
975 
4,087 
1,774 
68 
1,161 
3,188 
1,066 
1,173 
845 
283 
1,612 
356 
17 
89 
936 
409 
3,080 
460 
986 
907 
362 
154 
688 
739 
19,083 
241 
127 
2,768 


Place. 


County. 


Lewiston p.v. 

Lewiston h. 

Lewiston p.tp. 

Lewlstown tp. 

Lewistown p.v. 

Lewistown p.v. 

Lewistown p.v. 

Lewistown p.b. 

Lewis  ville p.v. 

Lewisville p.v. 

Lewisville tp. 

Lewisville p.h. 

Lewisville p.v. 

Lewisville b. 

Lewisville tp. 

Lewisville p.v. 

Lexington p.h. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington h. 

Lexington p.tp. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington c. 

Lexington p.tp. 

Lexington p.tp, 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington P-tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington c. 

Lexington p.tp. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington  C.  H p.v. 

Leyden* tp. 

Leyden p.tp. 

Leyden p.tp. 

Liber p.v. 

Liberia - v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liber^ tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty- p.tp, 

Liberty.; tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Tooele Utah... 

Lunenburg Va 

Columbia.- Wis 

Fulton Ill 

Fulton Ill 

Frederick Md 

Logan Ohio.... 

MilBin Pa 

Lafayette Ark.... 

Henry Ind..... 

Forsyth N.C.-. 

Forsyth N.C.-. 

Monroe Ohio... 

Potter Pa 

Chester- 8.C.... 

Denton Tex 

Lauderdale Ala.... 

Oglethorpe Ga 

McLean HI 

McLean HI 

La  Grange Ind.... 

Scott Ind.... 

Johnson Kan... 

Fayette Ky 

Somerset Me 

Middlesex Mass... 

Sanilac Mich.. 

Sanilac Mich.. 

Le  Sueur Minn. 

Holmes Miss... 

Lafayette Mo 

Lafayette Mo 

Greene N.  Y-. 

Davidson N.C... 

Davidson N.  C-. 

Richland Ohio.., 

Stark Ohio-, 

Lancaster Pa 

Lexington S.  C... 

Henderson Tenn., 

Lee Tex..., 

Rockbridge Va..... 

Lexington S.  C..., 

Cook Ill ■ 

Franklin Mass., 

Lewis. N.  Y.. 

Jay Ind.... 

Marlborough S.  C... 

San  Joaquin Cal..... 

Fresno Cal.... 

Siskiyou Cal .... 

Bear  Lake Idaho 

Adams HI ■ 

Adams HI 

Effingham Ill 

White Ill 

Crawford Ind.... 

Delaware Ind.... 

Fulton Ind... 

Grant Ind.... 

Hendricks Ind.... 

Henry Ind... 

Howard Ind.... 

Parke Ind... 

Porter. Ind... 

Shelby Ind... 

St.  Joseph Ind... 

Tipton Ind... 

Union Ind... 

Union Ind... 

Wabash Ind... 

Warren Ind... 

Wells Ind... 

White Ind... 

Buchanan lowa..- 

Cherokee Iowa.... 

Clarke Iowa.... 

Clinton.- Iowa.... 

Dubuque Iowa.... 

Jefferson Iowa.... 

Johnson Iowa.... 

Keokuk Iowa.... 

Lucas Iowa.... 

Marion Iowa.... 

Marshall Iowa.... 

Mitchell Iowa.... 

O'Brien Iowa.... 

Plymouth Iowa.... 

Ringgold Iowa.... 

Scott Iowa.... 

Warren Iowa.... 


1,031 
2,952 


2,737 


416 
816 


226 
2,607 


2,404 


2,529 
1,256 
14,801 
397 
2,277 
2,433 


507 

744 

6,33G 

4,373 

1,371 

2,289 

475 

482 

6,70Q 


1,563 


167 
2,873 


1,437 

518 

2.048 


1,231 


1,623 


504 


757 
1,639 
1,429 
1,989 
2,478 
1,884 
1,697 
1,640 

798 
1,466 
1,394 
1,746 

7631 

700 
1,816 
1,176 
1,097 1 

888 
1,272; 


778 
931 

1,102 

1,082 
640 

1,136 
600 

1,532 
709 
173 
715 


243! 

1,1931 

891' 


328 


>  In  1874,  part  to  Lodi. 


«  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION   OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


OouDty. 


Liberty ~. tp. 

Liberty '. tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty .....tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.h. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.h. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty  1 tp. 

liberty* tp. 

Liberty  * tp. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty ..tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Lil>erty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.h. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liljerty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

"  'berty tp. 

.    berty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

LUierty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.y, 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Lll)erty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty '. tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.tp, 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty  p.y. 


Woodbury Iowa. 


State. 


Wright, 

Barton 

Ooffey ~. 

Cowley 

Davis 

Dickinson 

Elk 

Jackson 

Labette 

Linn 

Marion 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Osborne 

Republic 

Saline 

Woodson 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wexford , 

Amite 

Adair 

Barry 

Bollinger. 

Callaway 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Clay 

Clay 

Cole 

Crawford 

Daviess 

Grundy.. 

Holt 

Iron 

Knox 

Macon 

Madison 

Marion 

Phelps 

Pulaski 

Putnam- 

Saline 

Schuyler 

St.  Fran90i8 

Stoddard  

Sullivan 

Washington 

Gage 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Randolph 

Yadkin 

Adams 

Butler 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Delaware. 

Fairfield 

Gnernney.. 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Highland 

Jackson , 

Knox 

Licking 

Logan 

Mercer 

Montgomery , 

Putnam , 

Ross 

Seneca 

Tmmbull 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Washington 

Wood 

Adams 

Bedford 

Centre 

McKean 

Mercer 

Montour 

Susquehanna.... 

Tioga 

Orangeburg 

Pickens 

Pickens 


Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 
Kan_.. 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 
Kan.... 
Kan.. . 
Kan... 
Kan... 
Kan>. 
Kan... 
Kan... 
Kan-. 
Kan ... 
Kan... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Miss... 
Mo .... 
Mo..... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 

Mo 

Mo .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 

Mo 

Mo...., 
Mo.... 
Mo...., 
Mo...., 
Neb... 
N.  Y... 
N.Y.. 
N.  C. 
N.  C, 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Obio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohia. 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio . 
Ohio- 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
Pa-... 
Pa-... 

Pa 

Pa..... 
S.  C... 
8.  0... 
8.0... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


269 


720 
480 


1,062 


363 
907 


1^70 


660 
864 


1,680 
1,646 

870 
4,831 
1,700 

901 
1,071 

781 
1,036 


479 


1,210 
480 

3,871 
470 
893 

1,174 


1,529 
1,405 
1,307 

772 
879 


3,389 


1,009 
1,588 
1,377 
1,443 
1,184 
1,597 
1,396 
3,000 
1,163 
1,011 
2,308 
1,766 
5.189 
1,747 
959 
837 
1,621 
779 


1,120 
1,460 

V   " 

2,420 

1,414 

1,174 

1,632 

965 

860 

806 

1,062 

1,093 

634 

1,229 

1,030 

1,379 

408 

1,367 


727 

361 

360 

752 

747 

665 

893 

876 

646 

906 

994 

1,702 

1,022 

93 

949 

713 

480 

1,100 

970 

292 

1,065 

62 

109 

426 

1,030 

918 

2,026 

1,230 

733 

3,714 

1,476 

1,260 

1,154 

988 

907 

1,066 

666 

859 

1,236 

420 

3,594 

635 

1,684 

1,402 

1,819 

1,729 

1,802 

2,809 

1,063 

999 

27 

3,209 

478 

1,036 

1,847 

1,366 

1,468 

1,382 

1,679 

1,481 

3,070 

1,603 

1,101 

3,295 

1,946 

6,381 

1,784 

1,034 

762 

1,666 

1,196 

220 

1,536 

1,676 

2,167 

4,058 

1,398 

1,563 

1.614 

1,292 

892 

914 

1,284 

2,029 

612 

1,168 

1,108 

1,629 

1,215 

2,145 

149 


Place. 


Conntj. 


Liberty p.T. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.tp. 

Liberty  Centre p.v. 

Liberty  Centre p.h. 

Liberty  Centre p.T. 

Liberty  Corner p.h. 

Liberty  Grove tp. 

Liberty  Hill t. 

Liberty  Mills p.T. 

Liberty  town p.T. 

Libertyville tp. 

Liberty  ville p.T. 

Libertyville p.T. 

Libertyville p.h. 

Libertyville p.h. 

Libertyville h. 

Lick tp. 

Lick  Creek p.h. 

Lick  Creek tp. 

Licking tp. 

Licking tp. 

Licking p.T. 

Licking tp. 

Licking 4p. 

Licking tp. 

Licking  aty t. 

Licking  Creek tp. 

Lickingrille p.T. 

Lida -.tp. 

Lien tp. 

Light  Stre«t p.v. 

Llghtville V. 

Ligonler p.T. 

Llgonier tp. 

Ligouier p.b. 

Lilesville tp. 

Lilesville.. p.T. 

Lilleyville t. 

Lilliiigton tp. 

Lillington p.h. 

Lilliugton h. 

Lilly p.h. 

Lilly  Chapel p.T. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.T. 

Lima tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.T. 

Lima p.h. 

Lima p.tp. 

Lima .tp. 

Lima p.T. 

Lima c. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.T. 

Lima tp. 

Lima .tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima -tp. 

Lima  Centre p.T. 

Limaville p.T. 

Lime tp. 

Lime  Creek tp. 

Lime  Creek tp. 

Lime  Lake tp. 

Limerick tp. 

Limerick p.v. 

Limerick p.T. 

Limerick p.tp. 

Lime  Rook -p.T. 

Lime  Spring p.T. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone p.tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone p.T. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone p.tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone^ tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limes  toneville p.h. 


SUte. 


De  Kalb 

Liberty 

Bedford. 

Grant 

Manitowoc .... 
OntHi-'amle .... 

Vernon 

Wells 

Warren 

Henry 

Somerset 

Dnor 

Edgecombe 

Wabash 

Frederick 

Lake 

Lake 

JefTerson 

St.  Franfols 

Ulster 

Montgomery 

Jackson 

Orange 

Davis 

Crawford... 

Blackford 

Texas , 

Licking 

Muskingum 

Clarion , 

Rowan , 

Fulton 

Clarion 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Columbia. 

Darke 

Noble 

Westmoreland... 
Westmoreland... 

Anson 

Anson 

Mifflin 

Harnett 

Harnett 

Pender 

Tazewell 

Madison 

Adams 

Adams 

Carroll 

La  Grange 

La  Grange 

Fayette 

Washtenaw 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Allen 

Licking 

Delaware. ~ 

Grant 

Pepin 

Rock 

Sheboygan 

Rock 

Stark 

Blue  Earth 

Cerro  Gordo 

Washington 

Murray- 

York 

York 

Jefferson 

Montgomery 

Litchfield 

Howard- 

Kankakee 

Peoria 

Jewell 

Aroostook 

Lincoln .'. 

Cattaraugus. 

Buucomi^ 

Duplin 

Clarion 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Union 

Warren 

Spartanburg 

Montour 


PopaUtlon. 


1870.      1880. 


Tenn .. 
Tex  -... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis..... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Wis 

N.0-... 

Ind 

Md 

HI 

HI 

Iowa... 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 

Pa. 

Ohio-.. 
Ind...... 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Ky 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  0-., 
N.  0-.. 

Pa- 

N.  0-.. 

N.  0 

N.  C„.. 

lU 

Ohio-.. 

Ill 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio — 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-. 
Minn ... 

Me. 

Me 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Conn ... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Me 

Minn... 

N.Y 

N.  0 

N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

8.0 

Pa- 


468 
1,208 

907 
1,430 

481 

414 


333 


1,236 


3,746 


1,246 
1,626 
2,186 


850 

992 

1,218 


926 


1,614 

2,434 

317 

1,716 


1,462 
286 
631 

1,371 
419 


1,062 
2,912 
1,267 
4,600 
1,642 


1,086 

477 

1,136 

2,190 


204 
744 


1,333 


1,426 


2,600 


840 
2,302 


263 


688 

709 

1,376 

1,256 

710 

880 

848 

2,463 


286 

497 

2,191 

896 

1,887 

604 

643 

122 

73 

504 

97 

1,092 

260 

276 

642 

1,327 

696 

206 

80 

61 

74 

6,213 

25 

1,379 

1,913 

2,828 

163 

1,256 

948 

1,123 

187 

1,077 

146 

109 

295 

364 

369 

2,010 

2,646 

634 

2,420 

192 

116 

803 

63 

98 

78 

110 

1,677 

260 

676 

1,338 

660 

9 

1,021 

2,782 

1,878 

7,667 

1,803 

114 

1,154 

606 

1,094 

2,126 

160 

164 

692 

700 

1,802 

373 

1,263 

313 

122 

2,365 

289 

470 

916 

2,601 

702 

666 

201 

923 

90« 

1,203 

1,.'»4 

1,241 

731 

880 

446 

3,880 

69 


•  Since  187L ,  area  reduced. 
22 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


«  Since  1870,  i 


I  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  are*  redvced. 
829 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Liming^n tp. 

Limington p.T. 

Lincklaen p.tp, 

Lincoln. p.v, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. p.T. 

Lincoln c. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. p.h. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln h. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln ^. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln^ tp. 

Lincoln ^. 

Lincoln p.tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln ^. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.T. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. ^. 

Lincoln ^. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln p.T. 

Lincoln p.tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln ^. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.tp. 

Lincoln  * tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.T. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 


Oonnty. 


York 

York 

Chenango., 

Placer , 

Sierra , 

Sussex , 

Logan , 

Ogle 


Hendricks 

La  Porte 

Spencer 

St.  Josephs 

Adair 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Black  Hawk 

Buena  Vista 

Calhoun 

Cass 

Cerro  Gordc 

Clay , 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Grundy , 

Hamilton 

Harrison , 

Iowa 

Johnson , 

LncBfl 

Madison , 

Mitchell 

Monona. 

Montgomery 

O'Brien 

Page 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie. . 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Union 

Winneshiek. 

Worth 

Anderson... 

Butler 

Cloud 

Crawford 

Dickinson 

Ellsworth  >. 

Franklin 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Neosho 

Ottawa 

Pottawatomie.... 

Reno 

Republic 

Rice 

Sedgwick 

Smith 

Stafiford 

Washington 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Bay 

Berrien 

Huron 

Isabella. 

Mason 

Midland 

Osceola. 

Blue'Earth 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Benton 

Caldwell , 

Christian 

Clarke , 

Dallas 

Daviess , 

Douglas. 

Grundy 


State. 


Me... 
Me.. 
N.  Y, 
Cal.. 
Cal.. 
Del.. 
111.... 

HI.... 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa ... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa, 

Iowa, 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan.. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan., 

Kan., 

Kau 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan . 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich .... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,630 


926 


616 
130 


1,266 


1,602 
668 


lfie& 
631 
170 
686 


462 


427 


279 
299 


213 
206 


88 
894 


954 
493 
308 
196 


646 
440 


668 

206 

1,038 


243 
220 
660 
822 


1,490 


2,012 
746 


1,633 
1,630 


791 


1,188 


672 
166 
322 
334 
496 
2,680 


689 


1,100 
943 
736 
209 


1,431 
193 
901 
275 
673 
234 

6,639 

1,334 
96 

1,610 

624 

43 

1,390 

1,281 
766 
690 
367 
708 
127 
940 
670 
652 
346 
362 
691 
639 
396 
248 
830 
588 

1,062 
916 
954 

1,052 
886 
23 
940 
315 
126 

1,218 
628 
889 
815 
966 
882 
617 
387 
624 
782 
992 
677 
660 
218 

2,251 

2,912 
894 
302 
719 
422 

2,113 

1,228 
400 
459 
668 
736 
460 
620 

1,488 
371 

1,439 

1,659 

640 

907 

27 

1,408 
230 

1,237 
140 
173 
902 
615 

1,737 

1,830 
102 
896 

1,029 

1,855 
999 
846 
377 

1,170 


Place. 


Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln ^. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln c. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.T. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.T. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.T. 

Lincoln p.h. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln..., tp. 

Lincoln p.tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln ^ tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln  Centre p.T. 

Lincolnton.. pJi. 

Lincolnton tp. 

Lincolnton p.T. 

Lincolnsrille t. 

LincoInTille p.h. 

LincoInTille p.tp. 

Lincolnville t. 

LincoInTille p.T. 

LincoInTille t. 

Lind ......p.tp 

Linda tp. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden.. p.T. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden p.tp. 

Linden h. 

Linden tp. 

Linden tp. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden p.T, 

Linden- p.T. 

Linden  - p.T, 

Linden tp. 

Linden p.T, 

Lindenhill t, 

Lindenwold t. 

Lindina tp. 

Lindley p.T 

Lindley tp. 

Lindley p.tp. 

Lindsborg p.T, 

Lindsey tp. 

Lindsey p.T. 

Line  Brook t. 

Line  Lexington„...p.T. 

Linesville b. 

Lineville p.T. 

Linglestown p.b. 

Lingo tp. 

Lingo p.h. 

LinkTille p.T. 

Linn tp. 

Linn p.tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn ^. 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn p.tp, 

Linn tp, 

Linn  Creek p.T. 

Linneus p.tp. 

LinneuB p.T. 

LinnTille p.h. 

LinoleumTille t. 

Linton tp. 

Linton tp. 

Linton p.h. 

Linton tp. 

Linton  Mills p.T. 

LinTlUe tp. 

LinTille tp. 


County. 


State. 


Harrison 

Holt 

Jiieper , 

Lawrence , 

Xodaway , 

Putnam 

Lancaster...... 

Grafton. 

Lincoln 

NewHanoTer. 

Morrow 

Alleghany 

Huntingdon..., 

Lancaster , 

Providence 

Addison 

Addison , 

Loudoun 

Adams 

Buffalo 

Kau  Claire..... 

Kewaunee 

Monroe 

Polk , 

Tremi>ealeau . 

Wood 

Penobscot 

Lincoln  

Lincoln- 

Lincoln  

Norfolk 

Wabash 

Waldo 

Pettis 

Crawford 

Charleston 

Waupaca 

Yuba. 

Montgomery.. 

Middlesex 

Genosee 

Brown 

Atchison 

Christian 

Union 

Union 

Genesee 

Lycoming-.... 

Perry' 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Wayne 

Bntler 

Juneau 

Grundy 

Mercer 

Steuben 

McPherson..., 

Benton 

Sandusky 

Essex 

Montgomery.. 

Crawford 

Wayne , 

Dauphin 

Macon 

Macon 

Lake 

Cedar 

Dallas 

Linn 

Marshall 

Warren 

Audrain 

Christian 

Dent 

Moniteau 

Osage 

Walworth 

Camden 

Aroostook 

Linn 

Licking 

Richmond , 

Vigo 

Allamakee 

Des  Moines.... 

Coshocton 

Coshocton 

Burke 

Mitchell 


Population. 


1870.   !  1S80. 


Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Neb., 

N.  H 

N.Mex. 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

R.  I 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Me 

Ga 

N.C 

N.  C. 

Va 

Ind 

Me 

Mo 

Pa 

S.  0 

Wis 

Cal 

Ind 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Ohio-... 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Mo 

Ohio 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Oregon. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Iowa.... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Wis.. 

Mo... 

Me... 

Mo... 

Ohio. 

N.  Y, 

Ind.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

N.C. 

N.C. 


1,042 
1,067 


71 


1,359 
915 

1,399 
632 


7,889 
1,174 


433 


911 
680 
1,137 
287 
822 
229 


92 
*888 


1,900 


1,017 
401 


666 
467 


1,440 
1,396 


149 
2,064 


1,066 


1,619 
1,261 


1,383 


434 


621 

762 

1,083 


1,020 
300 
309 
403 

1,948 

1,757 
895 
132 

1,008 


100 


1,437 
712 


1,600 


1,020 
505 


!,!«« 


330 


I  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


«  In  1871,  part  to  Hope. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


Un  Title p.T. 

Lin  wood ...T. 

Linwood M.p.T. 

Llnwood -.▼. 

Linwood ».p.tp. 

Linwood ...p.T. 

Linwood tp. 

Linwood  Station....p.T. 

Lions  City v. 

Lionrlllo p.T. 

Lippincott pJi. 

LIppitt T. 

Lisbon p.b. 

Liabon tp. 

Liabon ~.tp. 

Lisbon p.T. 

Usbon p.h. 

Lisbon .....»p.T. 

Lisbon p.tp. 

Usbon .^.....p.T. 

Lisbon «.p.T. 

Liabon ~p.tp. 

Lisbon ~.p.T. 

Lisbon tp. 

Lisbon p.T. 

Lisbon p.tp. 

Lisbon ~.p.tp. 

Lisbon M tp. 

Lisbon tp. 

Lisbon ».tp. 

Lisbon  Centre p.T. 

Lisburn p.T. 

Liscomb tp. 

Liscomb p.T. 

Lisle -tp. 

Lisle ~ p.h. 

Idsle tp. 

Lisle ~p.T. 

Liston tp. ' 

Listonburg p.h. 

Litaker tp. 

Litchfield tp. 

Litchfield p.T. 

Litchfield c. 

Litchfield p.tp. 

Litchfield tp. 

Litchfield p.T. 

Litchfield tp. 

Litchfield p.T. 

Litchfield tp. 

Litchfield p.tp. 

Litchfield p.tp. 

Litchfield p.tp. 

Litchfield  Oomers.p.T. 

Liter .p.h. 

Lithonia..... p.T. 

Lithopolis p.T. 

Litiz p.b. 

Little  Africa t. 

Little  BeaTer tp. 

Little  Blue tp. 

Little  Britain p.tp. 

Little  Caney „..tp. 

Little  Coharie tp. 

Little  Compton p.h. 

Little  Compton p.tp. 

Little  Creek hnd. 

Little  Creek hnd. 

Little  Cr.  Landlng.p.T. 
Little  Egg  Harbor.tp. 

Little  Elm p.T. 

Little  Falls ......T. 

Little  Falls ......tp. 

Little  Falls p.T. 

Little  Falls p.tp. 

Little  Falls tp. 

Little  Falls p.T. 

Little  Falls tp. 

Little  Ferry .....pJu 

Littlefleld tp. 

Little  Genesee p.b. 

Little  Grant ....p.tp. 

Little  Lake tp. 

Little  Lot p.h. 

Little  Mackinaw...tp. 
Little  Mahanoy  ....tp. 

Little  Meadows p.b. 

Little  Port p.h. 

Little  Prairie tp. 

Little  Biver tp. 

Little  Birer tp. 


Bockingham 

Tippecanoe 

Leavenworth 

Worcester- 

Anoka 

Hamilton— 

Portage 

Delaware 

BeaTer  Head 

Chester.- 

Greene 

Kent 

Union 

New  London 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Noble ».. 

Linn 

Androscoggin  .... 

Howard 

Ottawa 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Howard 

Grafton 

Grafton 

St.  Lawrence 

Sampson 

Darlington 

Juneau 

Waukesha 

St.  Lawrence 

Cumberland 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Du  Page. 

Du  Page 

Broome 

Broome 

Woodbury 

Somerset 

Bowan 

Litchfield- 

Litchfield 

Montgomery 

Kennebec. 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Hillsborough 

Herkimer. 

Medina 

Bradford 

Kennebec- 

Morgan 

DeKalb 

Fairfield 

Lan  caster- m. 

Wyoming- 

Lawrence 

Washington 

Lancaster 

Chautauqua. 

Sampson 

Carroll 

Newport  ....M 

Kent 

Sussex 

Kent 

Burlington 

Denton 

Cumberland 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Passaic 

Herkimer- 

Herkimer 

Mouroe 

Bergen-. 

Emmett- 

Alleghany ».. 

Grant 

Mendodno.- 

Hickman— 

Tazewell 

Northumberland. 

Susquehanna 

Clayton 

Pemiscot .~.. 

Beno- 

Pemiscot 


Va. 

Ind 

Kan 

Mass .... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Wis. 

Pa 

Mon 

Pa 

Pa 

B.  I 

Ark. 

Conn.... 

IlL 

Ill- 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  H„... 

N.  H 

N.T 

N.  0-... 
S.  C.-... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
Iowa ... 

Pa 

N.  C-... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Me 

Ill 

Ga. 

Ohio — 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Kan-... 

Pa 

Kan-... 
N.  0„... 

Mo 

B.  I 

Del 

Del 

Del 

N.  J 

Tex 

Me 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 

Wis. 

N.J 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Wis 

OaL 

Tenn ... 

Ill 

Pa. - 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Kan 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


648 


388 


502 
1,150 


142 
*2,oi4 


1,844 


4,475 
1,389 
1,913 
449 
1,384 


836 
"2,626 


1,508 
3,113 


3,852 
1,606 
1,946 


488 
353 
346 

1,384 
860 

1,266 


394 


1,072 
1,686 
'i",236 


1,166 
1,892 
3,770 


1,779 


467 


1,282 

6,612 

6,387 

621 


813 
946 


1,266 
260 
133 


492 
120 


173 

869 
125 

3ao 

227 

723 

406 

643 

269 

114 

49 

477 

42 

630 

1,262 

216 

97 

776 

2,641 

146 

83 

673 

116 

1,807 

772 

4,297 

1,690 

2,226 

491 

1,437 

126 

193 

1,127 

462 

1,819 

48 

2,399 

429 

406 

50 

1,944 

3,410 

1,090 

4,326 

1,310 

1,968 

1,029 

498 

1,260 

291 

1,218 

853 

1,169 

128 

68 

266 

404 

1,113 

223 

1,282 

1,626 

1,674 

889 

1,481 

52 

1,202 

1,878 

3,467 

202 

1,881 

116 

188 

484 

608 

1,404 

6,913 

6,910 

705 

68 

266 

89 

718 

1,616 

78 

1,675 

326 

169 

77 

1,066 

731 

220 


I'luce. 


Little  BiTer p.tp 

Little  Biver tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River tpt 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  Biver tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  Biver p.h. 

Little  Biver tp. 

Little  Bock c 

Little  Bock- tp. 

Little  Bock p.T. 

Little  Bock p.tp. 

Little  Rock p.T. 

Little  Bock  Creek..p.tp. 
Little  Sandusky... .p. V. 

Little  Sauk p.tp. 

Little  Sioux tp. 

Little  Sioux p.v. 

Little  Sioux ....tp. 

Littlestown p.b. 

Little  Suamico p.tp. 

Littleton p.T. 

Littleton —p.tp. 

Littleton .-.p.tp. 

Littleton -.p.tp. 

Littleton -tp. 

Littleton p.T. 

Littleton -.p.v. 

Littleton -.tp. 

Littleton p.T. 

Littleton -.p.h. 

Littleton —T. 

Little  TraTerse p.tp. 

Little  Utlca -p.h. 

Little  Valley p.tp. 

Little  Valley tp. 

Little  Valley p.T. 

Little  Valley h. 

Little  Walnut p.tp. 

Little  Washiiigton.T. 

Little  Wolf p.tp. 

Little  Yadkin tp. 

Little  York -...tp. 

Little  York p.T. 

Little  York p.h. 

Little  York h. 

LiTe  Oak -p.T. 

Livermore p.T, 

Livermore p.T. 

Livermore p.v. 

LiTermore p.tp. 

LlTermore tp. 

Livermore p.b. 

Livermore  Falls. ...p.T. 

LlTerpool ........tp. 

Liverpool p.T. 

Liverpool .m.  ...  -p.T. 

LiTerpool tp. 

Liverpool tp. 

Liverpool -p.T. 

Liverpool -tp. 

Liverpool -p.b. 

Livingston -.p.T. 

Livingston -.pJi. 

Livingston -.tp. 

Livingston »..-.p.tp. 

Livingston —p.tp. 

Livingston —...p.T. 

Livingston —p.v. 

LiTlngston —p.h. 

Living8tonTille...-p.h. 

Livonia p.T. 

Livonia tp. 

Livouia p.tpt 

Livonia tp. 

Livonia p.T. 

Livonia  Station  ...-p.T. 

Lizardt tp. 

Llano .p.T. 

Llewellyn t. 

Llewellyn- p.T. 

Lloyd tp. 

Lloyd ......p.tp. 

LloydWlle p.T. 

Loaobapoka .....p.T. 

Loami tp. 

Loam! p.T. 

Loartown h. 

Lock  Berlin p.T. 


County. 


Alexander 

Caldwell 

Cumberland , 

Montgomery .... 

Oninge 

Transylvania.... 

Wake 

Horry 

Horry 

Oconto 

Pulaski 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Nobles „ 

Marlon- 

Mitchell 

Wyandot 

Todd 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Woodbury 

Adams 

Oconto 

Arapahoe 

Schuyler , 

Aroostook 

Middlesex ......... 

Grafton 

Grafton- 

Morris 

Halifax...- 

Halifax- 

Morgan 

Wetzel 

Emmett 

Onondaga 

McPherson 

Cattaraugus 

CattaraugtiB 

Huntingdon 

Butler 

Wayne 

Waupaca 

Yadkin- 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Warren 

St.  Lawrence..... 

Suwanee .'. - 

Alameda 

Humboldt 

McLean 

Androscoggin.-. 

Grafton- 

Westmoreland.. 
Androscoggin-.. 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Onondaga- -. 

Columbiana 

Medina- 

Medina- 

Perry 

Perry - 

Sumter- 

CTark 

Otsego 

Essex 

Columbia— 

Overton 

Polk , 

Grant -.. 

Schoharie 

Washington 

Wayne 

Sherburne 

Livingston ~ 

Livingston.--... 

Livingston.. , 

Pocahontas.^..... 

Llano 

Delaware- 

Schuylkill 

Dickinson- 

CL-iter 

Cambria. 

Lee , 

Sangamon 

Sangamon..--... 

Alleghany 

Wayne 


StatA. 


N.  0  — 
N.0-... 

N.  0 

N.  0 

N.  C-... 

N.  C 

N.  C 

S.  C 

8.C 

Wis 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill- 

Minn-. 

8.  C 

N.  C-... 

Ohio 

Minn .. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Wta-... 

Col 

Ill- 

Me 

Mass-... 
N  H-.. 
N.  H-.. 
N.J-.. 

N.  C 

N.  C„.. 
Utah... 
W.Va. 
Mich.... 
N.Y— 
Kan.... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa. 

Kan 

N.  0  — 
Wis-... 
N.O  — 

Cal 

Or! 

ni 

N.  Y-.. 

ria 

Cal 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Me 

N.  H... 

Pa- 

Me 

lU- 

Ill 

N.  Y_.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Ala 

Ill 

Mich.„ 
N.  J-.» 
N.Y-~ 
Tenn ... 
Tex..... 
Wis.-- ^ 
N.  Y-.., 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn.- 

N.  y_... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Iowa. 
Tex.- 
Pa-... 

Ps 

Iowa.. 
N.Y- 

Pa 

Ala-.. 

Ill 

111 

Md .... 
N.T-. 


PopuUtioB. 


1870.       1880. 


636 


415 
1.663 

403 
1,316 

961 


12,380 
1,843 


202 
644 


900 
847 
642 


1,140 
700 
983 

2,446 


2,938 


294 

'ijicie 


*868 


117 


302 
1,467 


211 


1,336 


1,666 
2,907 
1,426 


869 
823 
600 


1467 

1,938 

240 


1,679 

263 

2,706 


399 
966 
188 


2,668 
"i*47b 


768 

1,066 

484 

632 

2,178 
796 

2,066 

1,264 

50 

695 

13,138 

2,711 
101 
320 
131 
388 
182 
363 

1,036 
369 
878 
913 
942 
100 

1,060 
904 
994 

2,036 

1,651 
3.38 

2,790 

113 

76 

166 

1,029 

58 

436 

1,196 

666 

69 

748 

260 

1,342 
681 

1,031 
100 
79 
87 
468 
866 
168 
399 

1,262 
103 
164 
478 

1,302 
129 

1,360 

6,229 

1,339 
198 
826 
838 
738 
87 
626 

1,401 

2,060 

312 

135 

28 

97 

211 

1,638 
321 

3,110 
283 
688 
637 
213 
430 
394 
106 

2,713 
370 
408 

1,660 

306 

01 

110 


>  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


881 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Place. 


Lockbourne p.v, 

Locke tp. 

Locke p.v. 

Locke P-tp. 

Locke p.tp. 

Locke tp. 

Lockeford p.v. 

Lockesbnrg p.v. 

Locke's  Mills p.T. 

Lockhart tp. 

Lockhart p.v. 

Lock  Haven c. 

Lockiugton p.v. 

Lockland p.v. 

Lockport tp. 

Lockport p.v. 

Lockport p.v. 

Lockport V. 

Lockport p.v. 

Lockport p.v. 

Lockport tp. 

Lockport c. 

Lockport  „ tp. 

Lockport V. 

Lockport b. 

Lockport p.v. 

Lockridge tp. 

Ijc^:;kridge p.b. 

Lock  Seventeen.....p.h. 

Locktown. p.h. 

Lockville p.h. 

Lockville~ p.v. 

Lockwood's tp. 

Locust tp. 

Locust tp. 

Locust  Creek tp. 

Locust  Dale p.v. 

Locust  Grovel tp. 

Locust  Grove tp. 

Locust  Grove p.v. 

Locust  Hill p.tp. 

Locust  Lane p.h. 

Locust  Level p.h. 

Locust  Bidge p.h. 

Locust  Valley p.v. 

LodaS tp. 

Loda V. 

Loda tp. 

Lodgeville v. 

Lodi p.v. 

Lodi p.h. 

Lodi tp. 

Lodi tp. 

Lodi p.v. 

Lodi tp. 

Lodi p.v. 

Lodi tp. 

Lodi p.v. 

Lodi tp. 

Lodi p.v. 

Lodi tp. 

Lodi p.v. 

Lodomillo tp. 

Logan p.b. 

Logan tp. 

Logan p.tp, 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan p.v. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

.-•gan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan p.v. 

Logan tp. 

Logan ....p.h. 

Logan tp. 

Logan .« tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan p.v. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan ....tp. 

Logan V. 


County. 


Franklin 

Elkhart 

Elkhart , 

Ingham 

Cayuga... 

Rowan 

San  Joaquin 

Sevier 

Oxford 

Pike 

Caldwell 

Clinton 

Shelby 

Hamilton 

Will 

Will 

Carroll 

Vigo 

Henry 

La  Fonrche 

St.  Joseph 

Niagara 

Kia.gara _ 

Clinton 

Erie 

Westmoreland . 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Tuscarawas 

Hunterdon 

Chatham 

Fairfield 

Brunswick 

Christian 

Columbia. 

Linn 

Schuylkill 

Fremont 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Caswell 

Indiana 

Stanley... 

Brown 

Queens 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Reno 

New  Castle 

San  Joaquin«... 

Clay 

Washtenaw.™... 

Mower 

Montgomery.... 

Bergen _... 

Bergen 

Seneca 

Seneca  

Athens 

Medina.. 

Columbia. 

Columbia 

Clayton 

Edgar 

Peoria. 

Dearborn 

Fountain... 

Pike 

Calhoun 

Harrison 

Ida _ 

Marshall 

Barton 

Butler 

Dickinson™ 

j  Lincoln 

I  Mitchell 

I  Ottawa 

i  Phillips 

;  Phillips™ 

j  Grant 

I  Lawrence™ 

Reynolds 

I  Wayne 

[  Gloucester. 

I  Auglaize 

I  Hocking 

I  Blair ™ 

Clinton 

I  Huntingdon .... 
Mifflin 


State. 


Ohio™.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 
N.  Y™.. 
N.  C... 

Cal 

Ark 

Me. 

Ind 

Tex .™.. 

Pa. 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

La 

Mich... 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y™., 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Ohio.... 
N.  J...., 

N.C 

Ohio..., 

N.  C 

Ill 

Pa 

Mo 

Pa 

Iowa. ., 
Iowa... 
Ohio... 
N.  C™. 

Pa. 

N.  0.... 
Ohio™. 
N.  Y™. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan™. 
Del .... 

Cal 

Dak.™. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
Miss™. 
N.J.™. 
N.  J.™. 
N.  Y™. 
N.  Y™. 
Ohio™. 
Ohio... 
Wis.™. 
Wis.... 
Iowa. . 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind...., 
Ind...., 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan.„. 
Kan™. 
Kan™. 
Kan™. 
Kan™. 
Kan... 
Kan  „. 
Kan ... 
Minn. 

Mo 

Mo .... 

Mo 

N.J™.. 
Ohio™. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


281 

882 

167 

1,116 

1,077 

1,119 


1,829 

660 

6,986 

2U 

1,299 

3,584 

1,772 

176 


3,466 

12,426 

3,032 


406 


1,680 


131 

874 

826 

1,634 

2,398 


1,486 

103 

1,781 


1,921 


1,344 


3,221 
'i',826 


1,661 


1,666 

725 

1,002 


1,065 
832 

2,608 
921 


273 


910 
1,057 


900 
1,827 
2,422 

823 


285 

1,365 

199 

1,494 

1,141 

1,303 

322 

256 

104 

2,460 

718 

6,845 

219 

1,884 

3,260 

1,679 

117 

266 

139 

171 

3,464 

13,522 

2,847 

242 

345 

104 

1,478 

49 

55 

29 

72 

129 

1,245 

1,329 

2,014 

2,155 

608 

772 

1,410 

124 

1,954 

51 

35 

42 

1,309 

1,427 

635 

388 

118 

606 

60 

1,377 

619 

105 

4,071 

986 

1,947 

433 

1,550 

437 

1,462 

723 

1,332 

19 

1,046 

838 

2,687 

1,097 

144 

644 

226 

670 

422 

446 

469 

383 

666 

1,198 

626 

275 

86 

71 

1,159 

1,156 

1,765 

1,206 

2,666 

4,590 

959 

611 

609 


Place. 


County. 


Logan p.v, 

Logansport  ™ c. 

Logan's  Store p.tp. 

Logansville b. 

Logunville h. 

Logauville p.v. 

Loganville p.v. 

Loganville p.b. 

Logtown h. 

LoUa tp. 

Lomax p.h. 

Lombard p.v. 

Lombardville  _ p.v. 

Lomira p.tp. 

Lompoc p.v. 

London p.h. 

London tp. 

London p.v. 

London p.tp. 

London p.v. 

London p.tp, 

London tp. 

London p.v. 

London  Britain tp. 

Londonderry p.tp. 

Londonderry.™ p.tp. 

Londonderry.™ v. 

Londonderry tp. 

Londonderry p.tp, 

Londonderry.™ tp. 

Londonderry tp. 

Londonderry p.tp. 

London  Grove p.tp. 

Lone  Elm p.h. 

Lone  Grove tp. 

Lone  Jeusk p.v. 

Lone  Oak p.tp. 

Lone  Oak p.h. 

Lone  Bock p.v. 

Lone  Star ™....p.h. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Lone  Tree p.v. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Long  Acre tp. 

Long  Bar tp. 

Long  Beach p.h. 

Long  Bottom.™ p.v. 

Long  Branch p.v. 

Long  Cane.™ tp. 

Long  Creek p.tp. 

Long  Creek p.tp. 

Long  Creek tp. 

Long  Eddy p.v. 

Long  Grove p.h. 

Long  Hill p.v. 

Long  Island tp. 

Long  Island p.h. 

Long  Island isl. 

Long  Island isl. 

Long  Island  City...c. 

Long  Lake tp. 

Long  Lake p.v. 

Long  Lake tp. 

Long  Lake p.tp. 

Longmeadow  ™ p.tp. 

Lougmont p.v. 

Long  Point p.tp. 

Long  Prairie tp. 

Long  Prairie ™.p.v. 

Long  Prairie tp. 

Long  Rapids p.tp. 

Long  Bidge tp. 

Long  Swamp .p.tp. 

Longton tp. 

Longton p.  v. 

Longtown p.v. 

Longtown p.v. 

Longtown p.h. 

Longueville v. 

Long  Valley p.tp. 

Long  Valley v. 

Longview h. 

Longview p.v. 

Longville p.h. 

Longwood tp. 

Longwood p.v. 

Longwoods p.h. 

Lonoke p.v. 

Lonsdale p.v. 


Cache 

Cass 

Rutherford 

Clinton™ 

Sierra. 

Walton 

Logan 

York 

Upson 

Cherokee , 

Henderson 

Du  Page , 

Stark 

Dodge , 

Santa  Barbara. 

Pope 

Fayette 

Shelby 

Sumner™ 

Laurel 

Monroe 

Freeborn 

Madison 

Chester 

Rockingham... 

Guernsey 

Ross 

.Bedford 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Windham 

Chester 

Henderson. 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Bates 

Hunt 

Richland 

Gentry 

Clay 

Johnson 

McPherson 

Pottawatomie 

Chippewa 

Beaufort 

Yuba. 

Burlington 

Meigs 

Monmouth. 

Abbeville™ 

Macon 

Decatur 

Mecklenburg 

Sullivan 

Lake 

Fairfield 

Pliillips™ 

Phillips 

Cumberland 

Hancock 

Queens 

Grand  Traverse... 

Hennepin™ 

Watonwan 

Hamilton 

Hampden 

Boulder™ 

Livingston 

Todd 

Todd 

Mississippi 

Alpena 

Trinity 

Berks 

Elk ™ 

Elk ™ 

Panola 

Perry ™ 

Yadkin 

La  Fonrche™. 

Lassen 

Bradford 

Montgomery 

Gregg 

Plumas 

Pettis <..... 

Pettis 

Talbot 

Lonoke. 

Providence 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Utah.. 
Ind.... 
N.  C.™ 

Pa. 

Cal.... 

Ga 

Ohio™ 

Pa 

Ga..... 
Kan.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis... 
Cal.... 
Ark... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Kan™ 
Ky.... 
Mich. 
Minn 
Ohio™ 

Pa 

N.H™ 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt.... 
Pa.... 
Tenn. 

Ill 

Mo.... 
Mo... 
Tex... 
Wis... 
Mo... 
Iowa. 
Iowa, 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Minn 
N.  0... 
Cal ... 
N.  J... 
Ohio.. 
N.  J... 
S.  C... 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 
N.  C™. 
N.  Y™ 

111 

Conn. 
Kan.. 
Kan™ 
Me.... 
Me..., 
N.  Y.. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

Col 

Ill 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Cal 

Pa 

Kan 

Kan  _.., 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  C 

La 

Cal 

Pa 

Ind 

Tex 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Md 

Ark 

B.  I 


1,757 

8,950 

1,697 

414 


256 
"650 


1,906 


1,186 


166 
1,031 

311 
2,066 

663 
1,406 
1,313 

163 
1,255 

714 
1,935 
2,212 
1,252 
1,804 


1,360 


1,661 
619 


1,400 

1,372 

714 

1,467 


177 

8,867 

333 


225 

280 

1,342 


970 
643 


697 


2,910 


3,396 
11,198 

1,631 
423 
83 
242 
136 
312 
74 

1,052 

63 

378 

104 

1,845 

22e 

8i 

1,789 
126 
74;} 
216 

1,408 
614 

3,067 
621 

1,363 

1,320 
187 

1,233 
727 

2,024 

2,454 

1,154 

2,148 
36 

1,027 
111 

1,244 

79 

880 

60 

86 

217 

1,139 
676 
128 

2,068 
697 
33 
195 

3,833 

2,138 

1,377 
795 

1,915 

237 

84 

156 

633 

24 

252 

150 

17,129 

454 

150 

369 

324 

1,401 
773 

1,125 
570 
220 
927 
891 
241 

3,426 

1,862 
255 
100 
105 
48 
101 
100 
168 
78 

1,626 
60 
969 
134 
16 
659 
847 


332 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Biverton. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Loogootee p.b. 

Loogootee p.v. 

Lookout tp. 

Looking  Glass tp. 

Looking  Glass p.h. 

Loomis ......p.T. 

Looney tp. 

Loose  Creek p.b. 

Looxahoma p.h. 

Lorain tp. 

Lorain p.v. 

Loraine tp. 

Lo  rains tp. 

Lo  ramie tp. 

Loraa tp. 

Loran p.b. 

Lorance tp. 

Lorane p.b. 

Lords  town p.tp. 

Loreno t. 

Lorenzo t. 

Loretto p.T. 

Loretto p.b. 

Lorraine p.v. 

Lorraine p.tp. 

Lofl  Alamos p.b. 

Los  Angeles c. 

Losantville p.b. 

Los  Gatos p.v. 

Los  Griegos p.v. 

Los  Lunas p.v. 

Los  Nietos tp. 

Los  Ranches v. 

Los  Sirceros v. 

Lostaut p.v. 

Lost  Creek tp. 

Lost  Creek tp. 

Lost  Creek tp. 

Lost  Grove tp. 

Lost  Island p.tp, 

Lost  Nation p.v. 

Lost  River tp. 

Lothrop p.b. 

Lottery  Village h. 

Lett's  Creek tp. 

Lott's  Creek tp. 

Lottsville p.v. 

Louden tp. 

Loudon p.tp, 

Loudon tp. 

Loudon p.v. 

Loudon .....p.v. 

London  City p.b. 

Loudonville p.v. 

Louina p.v. 

Louisa p.v. 

Louisa  0.  H .p.v. 

Louisburg p.v. 

Louisburg tp. 

Louisburg p.b. 

Louisburg tp. 

Louisburg p.v. 

Louisiana c. 

Louisville p.  v. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville tp. 

Louisville p.v. 

I^uisville tp. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville c. 

Louisville tp. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville tp. 

Louisville p.v. 

Loui,'ivIlle p.v. 

Louisville p.v. 

Louisville  Landtng.p.b, 

Louristou p.tp. 

Loutre tp. 

Loutre „.tp. 

Louviera »v. 

Lovejoy tp. 

Lovelace ...p.tp. 

Lovelaceville p.v, 

Lovelady tp. 

Lovelady p.tp. 

Love  Lake  City p.h 

Loveland ..p.v, 


County. 


Fayette , 

Martin 

BUis 

Clinton 

Douglas^ 

Isabella 

Polk 

Osage 

Tate 

Nobles 

Lorain 

Honry 

Polk 

Shelby 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Bollinger 

Whitley 

Trumbull 

Brown 

San  Miguel 

Marion 

Cambria 

Harrison 

Jefferson 

Santa  Barbara... 

Los  Angeles 

Randolph 

Santa  Clara 

Bernalillo 

Valencia 

Los  Angeles 

Bernalillo 

Rio  Arriba. 

La  Salle 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Miami 

Webster 

Palo  Alto 

Clinton 

Martin , 

Warren 

Washington 

Kossuth , 

Ringgold , 

Warren , 

Carroll 

Merrimac , 

Seneca , 

Franklin , 

Loudon 

Fayette 

Ashland 

Randolph 

Lawrence 

Louisa 

Miami 

Montgomery ..., 

Dallas 

Franklin , 

Franklin , 

Pike 

Barbour 

Boulder- 

Jefferson 

Clay 

Clay 

Pottawatomie... 
Pottawatomie... 

Jefferson , 

Scott 

Winston 

Lincoln  


St.  Lawrence., 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Stark 

Blount 

St.  Lawrence. 

Chippewa 

Audrain 

Montgomery . 
New  Castle.... 

Iroquois 

Wilkes 

Ballard 

Burke 

Caldwell 

Macon 

Larimer 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


III.... 

Ind.. 

Kan 

III.... 

Oregon. 

Mich. 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Miss.. 

Minn 

Ohio.. 

Ill 

Wis... 
Ohio.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo... 
Ind... 
Ohio.. 
Minn 
N.  Mex. 

Ky 

Pa. 

Mo 

N.  T 

Cal 

Cal 

Ind 

Cal 

N.  Mex, 
N.  Mex. 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 
N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

R.  I 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ala 

Ky 

Va 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

N,  0-... 

N.  0 

Mo 

Ala 

Col 

Qa 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  T„... 
Obio_... 
Tenn.... 

N.  T 

Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Del 

Ill 

N.  0-.... 

Ky 

N.  0_... 

N.  C. 

Mo 

Col 


748 


1,750 


677 


1,707 
1,200 


2,872 


42 
280 


1,377 


6,728 


1,644 


1,914 


1,367 
119 


899 


909 


831 
1,282 
3,133 

315 


811 


425 


827 


2,642 

750 

3,639 


356 

1,200 

620 

2,409 

344 

100,753 

368 

386 


2,132 


1,003 
1,835 


240 

627 


697 
1,363 


65 

886 
262 

1,916 

71 

215 

2,117 

76 

81 

159 

1,595 
618 
109 

1,730 

1,249 
94 

2,836 
36 
805 
997 
249 
129 
280 
199 

1,436 
47 
11,183 
52 
556 
300 
876 

3,241 
400 
165 
363 

1,835 
420 

1,460 
514 
132 
193 

1,323 
56 
76 
443 
779 
115 
965 

1,221 

4,315 

1,301 

832 

62 

1,497 
148 
496 
315 
499 

1,867 
34 

3,458 
730 

4,325 
211 
450 
675 

1,236 
514 

1,110 
432 
123,768 
408 
418 
127 
321 

2,019 
207 

1,050 

216 

40 

300 

1,465 

2,775 
201 
799 
756 
181 

1,012 

1,804 
32 
236 


Place. 


County. 


Loveland  - p.v. 

Lovell tp. 

Lovell p.v. 

Lovell's  Comen....v. 

Lovelock p.v. 

Love's  Station p.b. 

Lovett tp. 

Lovett ».p.v. 

Lovettsville p.b. 

Lo  villa .p.v. 

Loving^n tp. 

Lovington p.T. 

Lowder p.h. 

Lowe tp. 

Lowell .p.b. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell -.p.v. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell ~tp. 

Lowell p.b. 

Lowell c. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.T. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.b. 

Lowell p.tp. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.v, 

Lowell  Hill p.v, 

LowelMlle v. 

Lowellville p.v. 

Lower tp. 

Lower tp. 

Lower  Allen tp. 

LowerAlIowayCr'k  i.tp. 
Lower  Augusta  2. ..tp. 

Lower  Burrell tp. 

Lower  Cabot p.T. 

Lower  Chanceford.tp. 
Lower  Chichester  ..tp. 

Lower  Coneto tp. 

Lower  Creek tp. 

Lower  Creek tp. 

Lower  Duncannon.v. 
Lower  Ebenezer....T. 
Lower  Fishing  Cr'k..tp. 

Lower  Fork tp. 

Lower  Heidelberg..p.tp, 
Lower  Hibernia...-T. 

Lower  Hillville b. 

Lower  Hominy tp. 

Lower  Jay v. 

Lower  Lafave tp. 

Lower  Lake p.v. 

Lower  Macungie...tp. 
Lower  Mahnnoy....tp. 
Lower  Makefield...tp. 

Lower  Merion p.tp. 

Lower  Mllford tp. 

Lower  Mt.  Bethel  *..tp. 
Lower  Nazareth. ...tp. 

Lower  Oxford tp. 

Lower  Paxton tp. 

Lower  Penn's  Neck.tp. 
Lower  Providence. p.tp. 
Lower  St. Clair *....tp. 

Lower  Salem p.v 

Lower  Salford tp. 

Lttwer  Saucon p.tp. 

Lower  Swatara tp. 

Lower  Towamensing.tp 
Lower  Town  Creek. tp. 
Lower  Turkeyfoot.tp. 

Lower  Tyrone tp. 

Lower  Warner v. 

Lower  Windsor tp. 

Lower  Yoder -.tp. 

Lowesville p.h. 

Low  Hill p.tp. 

Low  Moor p.T. 

Lowndes tp. 

Lowndesborongb...p.T. 

Lowndesrille tp. 

Lowndesville p.v. 

Low  Point p.b. 

Lowry  City p.h, 

Lowville p.tp. 

Lowville p.tp. 

Lowville -h. 


State. 


Clermont- 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Norfolk 

Butte 

DeSoto- 

Jennings 

Jennings— 

Loudoun 

Monroe 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Sangamon 

Moultrie 

La  Salle 

Lake 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Rooks 

Garrard 

Peuobscot 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Kent 

Kent 

Polk 

Gaston 

Orleans 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Nevada. 

Cheabire 

Mahoning 

Cape  May 

Richland 

Cumberland 

Salem 

Northumberland. 

Westmoreland 

Washington 

York 

Delaware 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Caldwell 

Perry 

Erie 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Berks 

Morris 

Clarion 

Buncombe 

Essex 

Yell 

Lake 

Lehigh 

North  umberla  nd. 

Bucks 

Montgomery 

Lehigh 

Northampton.-... 

Northampton 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Salem 

Montgomery 

Alleghany 

Washington 

Montgomery 

Northampton 

Dauphin 

Carbon 

Edgecombe 

Somerset 

Fayette 

Merrimac 

York 

Cambria 

Lincoln 

Lehigh - 

Clinton 

Colleton 

Lowndes 

Abbeville 

Abbeville.- 

Woodford 

St.  Clair 

Murray 

Lewis 

Onondaga. 


Ohio-.. 

Me 

Me 

Maa... 

ObI 

Miss-.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Va 

Iowa.., 
111-.... 

HI 

HI-.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Kan-. 
Kan  -. 
Kan  -. 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mass- 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
N.  0 .. 

Vt 

Wis.- 
Wi8_. 
Cal.... 
N.  H„. 
Ohio-. 
N.  J-. 
8.  C... 

Pa. 

N.J... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  0-. 
N.  0„. 
N.  C- 

Pa 

N.Y- 
N.  0„. 
N.  0-. 

Pa. 

N.J... 

Pa. 

N.  0... 
N.  Y„. 
Ark..., 
Cal .... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  J .. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio-. 
Pa-.... 

Pa 

Pa-.... 

Pa 

N.  0-. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  H.. 
Pa-.... 

Pa. 

N.  0„. 

Pa 

Iowa.. 

ac... 

Ala.... 

8.0... 
8. 0.... 

lU...... 

Mo..... 

Minn. 
N.  Y-. 
N.T-. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,018 


166 
"1*688 


786 


1,612 


448 


40,928 
3,086 
1,503 


942 
2,416 


722 
1,783 

307 
1,336 
1,483 
1,802 


2,306 
1,129 
2,000 
760 
1,092 


1,629 

616 

2,480 


1,216 


467 


3,662 

1,790 

2,066 

4, 

1,605 

3,641 

1,086 

1,449 

1,623 

1,472 

1,572 

5,322 


1,646 
4,991 
1,290 
1,662 
937 
1,264 


997 


1,860 
2^480 


2,806 


792 

1,077 

217 

420 

100 

98 

994 

100 

92 

192 

2,063 

567 

98 

1,311 

77 

458 

6,224 

167 

367 

127 

4.33 

45 

59,476 

3,037 

1,638 

329 

36 

1,057 

2,580 

400 

100 

108 

816 

1,977 

8,881 

972 

1,373 

1,194 

94C 

106 

4,471 

1,700 

2,617 

911 

1,527 

492 

287 

2,119 

978 

2,862 

943 

32 

1,030 

381 

IfiU 

269 

3,952 

1,866 

2,163 

6,287 

1,563 

1,661 

1,101 

1,429 

1,615 

1,3.34 

1,686 

2,329 

198 

1,828 

6,304 

1,601 

1,732 

1,239 

806 

1,976 

142 

2,638 

957 

91 

914 

168 

1,666 

472 

2,930 

lie 

48 

58 

71 

8,188 

84 


>  In  1873,  part  to  Qulnton.  *  In  1880,  part  to  Bookfeller. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
333 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


liOWTllle p.h. 

Lowville p.tp. 

Loyal tp. 

lioyal p.b. 

Loyalhanna tp. 

IioyalRock tp. 

Loyalsock p.v. 

lioyalton... p.h. 

Loyd p.h. 

Loydsville p.v. 

Loysville p.v. 

Luana ..p.v. 

Lubec p.tp, 

Lobec p.v. 

Lucas tp. 

Lucas tp. 

Lucaa p.v. 

Luoaa tp. 

LncaB p.v. 

Lucas p.tp. 

Lncasvllle p.v. 

Luce tp. 

Luck p.tp. 

Ludington p.v. 

Ludington tp. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.v. 

Ludlow p.tp. 

Ludlow tp 

Ludlow p.tp, 

Ludlow p.h. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.v. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.v. 

Ludlowville p.v. 

Ludwick tp. 

Lndwick b. 

Luke  Fiddler v. 

Lukin tp. 

Luling p.v. 

Lulu p.tp. 

Lumber tp. 

Lumber  Bridge p.tp. 

Lumber  City p.b. 

Lumberland tp. 

Lumberton tp. 

Lumberton p.v. 

Lumberton tp. 

Lumberton p.v. 

Lumberton p.b. 

Luiiiberville p.h. 

Lumberville p.v. 

Lumpkin p.v. 

Lund tp. 

Lundy p.v. 

Lunenburg p.tp. 

Lunenburg. p.tp. 

Lura tp. 

Luray p.v. 

Luray p.v. 

Lurgan tp. 

Lnsby'g  Mill p.h. 

LutesTille p.v. 

Lutheraville p.v. 

Luthervllle p.v. 

Lutra V. 

Luveme tp. 

Lnverne p.v. 

Luxemburg p.^. 

Luzerne p.v. 

Luzerne tp. 

Luzerne p.v. 

Luzerne tp. 

Lycoming 1p. 

Lyda. ^. 

Lydia tp. 

Lydia p.v. 

Lygonia v. 

Lykens p.tp, 

LykeuB tp. 

Lykens „p.b. 

Lyle tp. 

Lyle p.v. 

Lyman _ tp. 

Lyman  - p.tp. 

Lyman p.tp. 

Lyme p.tp, 

Lyme tp. 

Lyme p.v. 

Lyme tp. 

Lyme tp. 

Lyme  Centre p.v. 

334 


Erie 

Columbia. 

Clark 

Clark 

Westmoreland 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Sierra 

Richland 

Belmont 

Perry 

Clayton 

Washington 

Washington 

Effingham 

Johnson 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Bichland 

Dunn 

Scioto 

Spencer 

Polk 

Mason 

Eau  Claire 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Allamakee 

Aroostook 

Hampden 

Scott 

Washington 

McKean 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Tompkins 

Pratt 

Westmoreland..... 
Northumberland 

Lawrence.. 

Caldwell 

Mitchell 

Cameron 

Robeson 

Clearfield 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Robeson 

Robeson 

Clinton. 

Delaware... 

Bucks 

Stewart 

Douglas 

Mono 

Worcester 

Essex 

Faribault 

Clarke 

Page 

Franklin 

Owen 

Bollinger 

Merlwether.« 

Baltimore 

Fayette  _ 

Rock 

Rock.» 

Steams 

Benton. 

Warren 

Warren 

Fayette 

Lycoming 

Macon 

Darlington 

Darlington 

Cumberland 

Crawford 

Dauphin 

Dauphin 

Mower 

Mower 

Ford 

York „ 

Grafton 

New  London  

Grafton 

Grafton , 

Jefferson , 

Huron 

Grafton. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Pa...... 

Wis.., 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa 

CaL... 
Wis... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Iowa. 
Me... 
Me... 

Ill 

Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ohio 

lud 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 

Miss 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Tex 

Kan 

Pa 

N.C 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

N.  J..... 
N.  J.-... 
N.  0..... 

N.  0 

Ohio 

N.Y-... 

Pa 

Ga 

Minn ... 

Cal 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Minn .., 

Mo 

Va 

Pa. 

Ky 

Mo , 

Ga 

Md. 

Iowa..., 
Minn .. 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Iowa.... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Me 

Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Minn.. 
Minn... 

Ill 

Me 

N.H... 
Conn... 
N.H... 
N.H... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio.... 
N.H... 


879 
543 


813 
1,476 


2436 


692 


312 
317 


2,381 
68 


920 


1.038 

371 

1,136 


1,082 


1,827 


376 


633 


1,766 


674 
1,076 

230 
1,066 
1,718 

T,339 
616 


778 


1,121 
999 
621 


1,326 


237 


1,174 


1,807 
642 


1,918 


1,140 
1,246 


480 


740 
1,052 

658 
1,181 
1,368 


2,466 
2,380 


99 

818 

660 

46 

848 

1,818 

111 

84 

37 

136 

360 

124 

2,109 

1,767 

938 

1,494 

981 

226 

381 

497 

222 

2,627 

270 

4,190 

212 

1,117 

293 

1,001 

468 

1,526 

.    87 

1,375 

216 

2,005 

1,179 

262 

81 

603 

164 

1,832 

1,114 

745 

902 

1,366 

298 

1,050 

1,689 

473 

1,849 

533 

76 

66 

230 

747 

348 

100 

1,101 

1,038 

680 

217 

632 

1,324 

81 

311 

179 

382 

175 

221 

679 

299 

266 

1,438 

468 

1,744 

639 

997 

1,643 

142 

561 

1,226 

1,256 

2,154 

636 

182 

1,235 

1,004 

654 

1,025 

1,313 

265 

2,277 

2,675 

108 


Place. 


County. 


Lynch tp. 

Lynchburg o tp. 

Lynchburg .p.v. 

Lynchburg .p.tp. 

Lynchburg p.v. 

Lynchburg .c. 

Lynd p.tp. 

Lyndeborough p.tp. 

Lynden tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon p.v. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon p.v. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon  Centre  .....p.v. 

Lyndon  Station p.v. 

Lyndon  Station  ....p.v. 

Lyndonville p.v. 

Lyndonville p.v. 

Lynn........ tp. 

Lynn......... „..h. 

Lynn. tp. 

Lynn.............„....tp. 

Lynn. „ tp. 

Lynn p.v. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn c. 

Lynn p.tp. 

Lynn. ....tp. 

Lynn „ tp. 

Lynn ....tp. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn ....tp. 

Lynn p.tp. 

Lynnfleld ...p.tp. 

Lynnfield  Centre... p.v. 

Lynn  Grove tp. 

Lynnport p.v. 

Lynnville p.tp. 

Lynnville tp. 

Lynnville p.v. 

Lynnville p.v. 

Lynnville p.h. 

Lynnville p.v. 

Lynnville  Station..v. 

Lynxvllle v. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon. tp. 

Lyon. tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon. tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon. tp. 

Lyon. tp. 

Lyon. tp. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.v. 

Lyons .....p.v. 

Lyons c. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.v. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.v. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.h. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.v. 

Lyons p.v. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.  v. 

Lyonsdale p.tp. 

Lyon's  P]ains_......v. 

Lyon's  Station p.v. 

Lyonsville v. 

Lyra tp. 

Lysander........ tp. 

Lysandert. p.v. 

Lytle  City pji. 

Lytleville h. 

MacAfee p.v. 

MacAlevy's  Fort....p.v. 
MacAlli8tervillo....p.v. 

MacArthur tp. 

Mac  Arthur p.v. 

MacCalmont tp. 

MacCameron tp. 

MacCamish tp. 

MacCandless tp. 


Texas... 

Mason 

Highland-.... 

Sumter 

Moore 

Campbell 

Lyon 

Hillsborough.. 

Steams 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Washtenaw.... 
Cattaraugus... 
Caledonia..... 
Caledonia  ..... 

Juneau.. 

Sheboygan .... 

Caledonia 

Ross 

Juneau 

Orleans 

Caledonia—.... 

Henry 

Henry 

Knox.. 

Woodford—..., 

Posey. 

Randolph—..., 

Sioux. , 

Essex 

St  Clair... 

McLeod. 

Cedar. 

Oregon— 

Hardin. 

Lehigh.. 

Clark 

Essex 

Essex 

Jasper 

Lehigh 

Morgan 

Ogle 

Warrick 

Jasper 

Graves , 

Giles 

Giles 

Crawford 

Hamilton..^. 

Lyon 

Cherokee 

Cloud 

Davis 

Oakland 

Franklin 

Knox 

Lewis 

Cook 

Cook 

Greene 

Clinton .... 

Clinton. 

Mills. 

Rice 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Lyon 

Burt 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Fulton 

Orangeburg.. 
Walworth-... 

Wafworth 

Lewis 

Fairfield 

Berks 

Morris , 

Blue  Earth... 
Onondaga..... 
Onondaga..... 

Iowa 

McLean. 

Mercer 

Huntingdon. 

Juniata. 

Logan 

Vinton 

Jefferson 

Martin 

Johnson... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


622 

804 

476 

1,698 


6,825 


820 
270 


1,0 


823 

894 

2,179 


479 
1,562 


1,119 


966 

800 

1,666 


28,233 

539 

243 

2,670 


467 

2,376 

108 

818 


1,342 


643 

726 


Mo.... 

HI 

Ohio.. 
8.  C... 
Tenn. 
Va..., 
Minn 

N.  H 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Vt 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mich..., 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Iowa. ... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Tenn.... 
Tenn.... 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  .... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich... 
Minn ... 
Neb..... 
N.  Y — 
N.  Y..... 

Ohio 

S.  C 1,537 

Wis I    1,312 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

Pa. 

N.J 

Minn ... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y — 
Iowa. ... 

Ill 

Ky 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ohla... 
Ohio — 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan.... 


204 


188 


378 


i; 

3,528 

1,121 

820 

2,427 


4,088 

4,477 

896 


2,866 
704 


6,116 
8,360 


Alleghany |  Pa.. 


4S3 

4,944 

268 


1,406 
861 
483 
986 
908 
957 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


MacCaiileyYille p.tp. 

MacClellan tp. 

MacClellan tp. 

MacClellandBTille...p.h. 
MacCleIlandtown...p.h. 

MttcCluney ,p.h. 

MncClure p.h. 

MacComb p.T. 

JlncComb p.T. 

MacConDell8liurg...p.b. 
MacCon  nel  Isto  wn.  .p.v. 
MHcConnellBville...p.y. 

HacCordBTille p.T. 

MacCnne p.T. 

MacCutchenville...p.T. 

Mac  Dade p.T. 

MacDanieU p.b. 

MacDaiiiels tp. 

MacDouald tp. 

MacDonald tp. 

MacDonald tp. 

MacDonald p.T. 

MacDoiialdByiIle...tp. 
MacDonald8ville....p.h. 

MacDonough p.h. 

MacDonough p.T. 

MacDonough tp. 

MacDonough p.T. 

Macedou tp. 

Macedon p.T. 

Macedou pji. 

Macedon  Centre.... p.T. 

Macedonia p.tp. 

Macedonia T. 

Macedonia  Depot  ..p.T. 

MacEwengville p.b. 

MacFall p.T. 

MacFarland p.T. 

MacGahevBville  ....p.T. 
MacGouigle'sStat'n.p.h. 

MacGrawville p.T. 

MacGregor p.T. 

MacHenry tp. 

MacHenry p.T. 

MacHenry p.T. 

MacHenry tp. 

Machias p.tp. 

Machiag tp. 

Machias p.T. 

Macbiasport. tp. 

Machiasport p.y. 

Maclndoe's  Falls... p.T. 

Maclntyre tp. 

Maclntyre ."p.T. 

MacKean tp. 

MacKean tp. 

MacKean p.b. 

MacKee tp. 

MacKee p.h. 

MacKeen p.h. 

MacKeesport p.b. 

5IacKendree  Stat'n.p.h. 

Mackejburg t. 

Mackford tp. 

Mackinac p.T. 

Mackinaw tp. 

Mackinaw , p.T. 

MacKinney p.T.' 

MacKinney p.T. 

BI  ac  K  n  igh  tsto  wn .  ..p.T. 

Macksburg p.T. 

Macksburg ....p.y. 

Macks  ville h. 

Macktirille p.y, 

Mackville h. 

Mack  ville p.T. 

MacLaiosborongh  .h. 

MacLean p.T. 

^lacLean tp. 

MacLean p.T. 

MacLean tp. 

MacLeansborough.p.T. 
MacLemore8yIlle...p.y. 

MacMillan tp. 

MacMillan's tp. 

MacMiUen p.T. 

MacMinn  ville p.y. 

MacMiun  ville p.y. 

MacNeill'a tp. 

MacNett tp. 

MacNutt p.h. 


Connty. 


Wilkin 

JeffersoD 

Newton 

.Vew  Castle 

Fayette 

Perry 

Snyder 

Pike 

Hancock 

Fulton 

Huntingdon 

Morgan 

Hancock 

Crawford , 

Wyandot , 

Bastrop , 

Breckenridge , 

Sampson 

Barry 

Jasper 

Hardin 

Washington 

Polk 

Stark 

New  Castle 

Henry.... 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Pottawattamie... 

Maury 

Summit 

Northumberland 

Gentry , 

Dane 

Bockingham 

Butler 

Cortland , 

Clayton 

McHenry , 

McHenry , 

Ohio 

Lycoming , 

Washington 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Washington 

Washington 

Caledonia 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Licking 

Erie , 

Erie , 

Adams 

Jackson 

Clark 

Alleghany 

Fayette , 

Schuylkill 

Green  Lake 

Mackinac 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Lincoln ■ 

Collin , 

Adams 

Madison , 

Washington 

Randolph 

"Vigo 

Piatt 

Washington 

Hill 

McLean 

Ramsey 

Tompkins 

Shelby 

Hamilton^ 

Carroll 

McDonald 

Marion 

Gila 

Yam  Hill 

Warren 

Moore 

Lycoming 

Leflore ^.... 


State. 


Minn. 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Del.... 

Pa 

Ohio.. 

Pa. 

Miss... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa«... 
Ohio.. 
Ind... 
Kan„ 
Ohio.. 
Tex..., 
Ky.... 
N.  0.., 
Mo.... 
Mo... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Minn 
Ohio. 
Del... 

Ga 

N.Y.. 
N.Y.. 
N.Y.. 
N.Y.. 
Ohio.. 
N.Y.. 
Iowa 
Tenn. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Mo... 
Wis... 
Va.... 
Ohio.. 
N.Y.. 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky.... 
Pa..... 
Me.... 
N.Y- 
N.Y„ 
Me.... 
Me.... 

Vt 

Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
IlL... 

K: 


K-T 

111. 

Pa. 

W,  Va„ 
Pa.. 

W|8.»... 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Tex 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Ky 

Tex 

Ill 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Tenn.... 

Mo 

S.  C.-... 
Arizona 
Oregon. 
Tenn.... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Miss 


Population. 


1870.   1880. 


117 
086 
141 


319 
662 


1,646 


843 

609 

2,035 

900 


320 
1,280 


2,636 
461 


321 
"U2 


517 
2,074 
1.' 


309 
2,525 
1,170 


1,626 


674 


990 
1,426 

126 
1,410 


2,623 


1,261 


1,379 
496 


603 


180 


600 
442 


1,309 
683 


1,635 


1,172 
532 


291 

1,025 
155 
42 
90 
66 
94 

1,982 
417 
584 
308 

1,473 
180 
170 
230 
140 
79 

1,086 
669 

1,181 

1,449 

425 

600 

65 

40 

320 

1,298 
284 

2,871 

638 

75 

158 

1,051 

1,672 
219 
283 
115 
168 
329 
70 
637 

1,602 

2,313 
874 
124 
362 

2,203 

1,545 
333 

1,531 
698 
355 

1,637 

1,230 
981 

1,394 
210 

1,302 
88 
98 

8,212 
44 
147 

1,382 
720 

1,627 
482 
200 

1,479 

127 

204 

249 

61 

250 

97 

158 

30 

490 

348 

320 

1,545 

1,341 
151 
632 

2,120 
150 
670 

1,244 

1,213 
399 
83 


Place. 


Macomb c. 

Macomb tp. 

Macomb p.tp, 

Macomb p.tp. 

Macon c. 

Macon tp. 

Macon tp. 

Macon p.tp. 

Macon p.T. 

Macon  City c. 

MacPaul p.h. 

MacPherson tp. 

MacPherson p.T. 

MacPherson tp. 

MacPher8onville...h. 
MacSh  errysto  wn ...  p.y . 

MacTier tp. 

Macungie p.b. 

MacVeytown p.b. 

MacVille p.y. 

Macwahoc p.tp, 

MacWhirtersyille.  .y. 

Macy p.T. 

Madawaska tp. 

Madbury tp. 

MaddensTille p.h. 

Madeira p.T. 

Madelia. tp. 


Madelia... 
Madera... 
Madera... 
Madison... 
Madison.. 
Madison.. 
Madison.. 
Madison... 


....p.T. 

PV- 

.....p.y. 
....p.y. 
....p.tp. 
....p.h. 
....p.y. 
p.y. 


Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison ....tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison c. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison ^. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison  i„ tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison*. tp. 

Madison tp, 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison  • i...tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison p.tp, 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.y. 

Madison ....tp. 

Madison tp. 


Coanty. 


McDonongh 

McDonough 

Macomb 

St.  Lawrence 

Bibb 

Bureau 

Harvey 

Lenawee 

Noxubee 

Macon 

Fremont 

McPherson 

McPherson 

Blue  Earth 

Hampton 

Adams 

Aiken 

Lehigh 

Mifflin 

Telfair 

Aroostook 

Davidson 

Miami  

Aroostook 

Strafford 

Huntingdon 

Hamilton 

Watonwan 

Watonwan 

Fresno 

Clearfield 

St.  Francis 

.New  Haven 

Lake 

Madison 

Morgan 

Richland 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clinton_ 

Daviess 

Dubois 

Jay 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Pike 

Putnam 

St.  Joseph 

Tipton 

Washington 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Clarke 

Fremont 

Hancock 

Johnson 

Jones 

Lee 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Polk 

Poweshiek 

Winneshiek 

Greenwood 

Greenwood 

Lincoln 

Riley 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Dorchester 

Lenawee 

Lac  Qui  Parle  ~.. 

Cedar 

Clarke 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Polk , 

Madison 

Carroll 

Middlesex 

Morris 

Madison 

Madison 

Quilford 

Rockingham 


State. 


Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ga. 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich..., 

Miss 

Mo 

Iow».... 
Kan... 

Kan 

Minn ... 

S.  0. 

Pa. 

8.  C 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ga 

Me 

Tenn ... 

Ind 

Me 

N.  H... 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Minn .. 
Minn.. 

Cal 

Pa 

Ark._.. 
Conn  ... 
Dakota, 
Fla.... 
Ga_... 

Ill 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Kan  .... 

Kan..... 

Kan„... 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H.... 

N.J 

N.J 

N.  T 

N.Y..... 
N.  0-... 
N.  C-... 


PopaUtioii. 


1870.      1880, 


2,748 
1,219 
1,805 
1,673 
10,810 
839 


1,439 

976 

3,678 


903 
i 


703 
685 

'ifo 


1,041 
408 


676 


1,814 


1,163 

1,278 

727 

866 

1,440 


1,279 

10,709 

4,865 

974 

1,042 

723 

1,043 

1,697 

1,729 

836 

661 

293 

419 

1,277 

191 

800 

1,067 

4,230 

1,036 

963 

2,626 

769 

891 

284 


1,401 


1,294 


1,661 

1,060 

l,.<i96 

861 


3,329 
2,021 


1,361 


646 
1,634 


2,40^ 

""sii 


3,140 

3,273 

2,046 

1,731 

12,749 

768 

674 

1,423 

2,074 

3,04« 

33 

3^267 

1,690 

1,017 

89 

439 

660 

701 

679 

184 

187 

176 

290 

1,391 

397 

26 

199 

678 

489 

217 

148 

146 

1,672 

9«» 

756 

1,974 

1,672 

1,477 

785 

1,313 

1,743 

1,171 

1,371 

8,946 

4,683 

1,142 

866 

746 

1,090 

1,007 

2,074 

902 

710 

475 

715 

1,080 

227 

625 

1,262 

4,860 

843 

964 

1,892 

805 

781 

840 

123 

323 

727 

1,316 

151 

319 

1,313 

222 

1,695 

908 

1,091 

1,080 

1,234 

3,012 

1,286 

316 

1,700 

417 

586 

1,662 

1,768 

2,474 

320 

880 

1,861 


'  In  1870.  Including  Earibam.  >  In  1870,  parts  to  Crocker  and  Lincoln.  *  In  1872,  part  to  Qmjltr. 


336 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac*. 


Madison p.T. 

Madison tp. 

Madison v. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison ^ tp. 

Madison „..p.y. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison t. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.b. 

Madison ▼. 

Madison c. 

Madison tp. 

Madisonburg p.b. 

Madison  burg... p.T. 

Madison  C.  H p. v. 

Madison  Station.. ..p.v. 

Madisonville p.v. 

Madisonville p.v. 

Madisonville p.h. 

Madisonville h. 

Madlsonvills p.v. 

Madrid v. 

Madrid tp. 

Madrid p.h. 

Madrid tp. 

Madrid p.v. 

Mad  Biver tp. 

Mad  River tp. 

Mad  River p.tp, 

Mad  River tp. 

Maesville tp. 

Magazine p.v. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia p.h. 

Magnolia. p.v. 

Magnolia. tp. 

Magnolia. p.v. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia. p.v. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia p.v. 

Magnolia p.tp, 

Magor tp. 

MahalasTille p.h. 

Mahanoyi tp. 

Mahanoy  City p.v. 

Mahomet tp. 

Mahomet p.v. 

Mahon h. 

Mahoning tp. 

Mahoning p.v. 

Mahoning tp. 

Mahoning tp. 

Mahoning tp. 

Mahoni  ngtown v. 

Mah-to-wa p.v. 

Maiden  Creelt p.tp. 

Maiden  Rock tp. 

Maiden  Bock .p.v. 

Maidstone tp. 

Maidiville p.b. 

Maine tp. 


County. 


Rockingham ... 

Butler 

Butler 

Clark 

Columbiana 

Fairfield 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Highland 

.Tackson „... 

Lake 

Lake 

Licking 

Montgomery  .., 
Muskingum ..... 

Perry 

Pickaway^ , 

Bichland 

Sandusky.^ , 

Scioto 

Vinton 

Williams 

Armstrong , 

Clarion 

Chester.... 

Columbia 

Lackawanna.... 

Perry 

Westmoreland . 

Amherst. 

Dane , 

Dane 

Wayne 

Centre 

Madison 

Madison 

Hopkins 

St.  Tammany... 

Ralls 

Somerset 

Hamilton 

Boone 

Franklin 

Franklin 

St.  Lawrence.... 
St.  Lawrence.... 

Humboldt. 

Champaign 

Clark 

Montgomery ... 

Grant 

Logan 

Columbia.™ 

Boulder 

Kent 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Harford 

Essex 

Bock 

Pike 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Stark 

Abbeville 

Sumter 

Rock 

Hancock 

Morgan 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Huntington.-... 

Armstrong 

Armstrong 

Carbon 

Lawrence 

Montour 

Lawrence 

Carlton 

Berks 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Essex 

Monongalia 

Cook 


State. 


N.  0 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Va 

Ala 

Ky 

La 

Mo 

N.  J_.. 
Ohio.... 
Iowa... 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y.... 
N.  T.... 

Oal 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Minn .. 

Ark 

Ark._.. 

Col 

Del 

HI 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Md 

Mass... 
Minn... 
Miss.... 
N.  0...., 
N.C.„.. 
Ohio.... 

S.O , 

S.O 

Wis-... 
Iowa... 

Ind , 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn.. 

Pa 

Wis..... 

Wis 

Vt 

W.  Va.. 
HI 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


295 
2,450 


1,965 

1,202 

1,292 

1,300 

3,440 

1,170 

967 

3,261 

2,174 

2,913 

757 

959 

2,097 

1,072 

686 

883 

9,650 

986 

1,578 

1,623 

1,632 

1,621 

1,935 


1,' 

1,530 

1,677 


9,176 
867 


1,022 


394 


2,071 


1,803 
1,873 
1,867 


259 


1,667 


828 


1,606 


1,790 
1,156 


9,400 
6,533 
1,401 


1,402 


1,589 
1,698 
1,036 


1,616 
601 


254 


1,808 


361 

2,565 

197 

2,396 

1,144 

1.387 

1,405 

3,853 

1,160 

1,232 

3,568 

2,113 

2,720 

793 

929 

2,306 

1,128 

714 

896 

11,675 

1,886 

1,852 

2,217 

1,798 

1,950 

2,100 

164 

1,074 

1,091 

1,699 

190 

725 

10,324 

736 

87 

170 

461 

410 

1,544 

441 

50 

49 

1,274 

200 

437 

44 

2,146 

761 

538 

1,997 

1,812 

2,091 

159 

478 

636 

157 

193 

1,490 

305 

1,286 

194 

61 

212 

240 

667 

2,000 

403 

121 

2,662 

161 

1,143 

120 

83 

4,460 

7,181 

1,450 

771 

44 

1,930 

146 

1,903 

1,767 

1,142 

312 

143 

1,714 

1,375 

319 

286 

44 

2,346 


Place. 


Maine ....tp. 

Maine p.tp. 

Maine tp. 

Maine p.v. 

Maine tp. 

Maine tp. 

Maine tp. 

Maine  Prairie  • .p.tp. 

Maine  Prairie p.tp. 

Mainland. ..„ p.h. 

Mainsburg p.b. 

Mai  iisville h. 

Mainville „ p.v. 

Maitland p.y. 

Majenica pji. 

Majority  Point t. 

Makanda „ p.tp. 

Makee „ tp. 

Malad  City „p.v. 

Malaga. p.T. 

Malaga. tp. 

Malaga™ p.v, 

Malaka. tp. 

Malcolm ™ p.b, 

Malcom tp. 

Malcom p.T, 

Maiden p.T, 

Maiden p.tp. 

Maiden »p.T. 

Maiden ™p.T. 

Maiden  Bridge p.T. 

Mallard  Creek tp. 

Mallory tp. 

Malloryville h. 

Malone tp. 

Malone p.h. 

Malone tp. 

Malone p.v. 

Malottville h. 

Malta p.v. 

Malta. tp. 

Malta p.v. 

Malta. p.tp. 

Malta. tp. 

Malta.. p.v, 

Malta  Bend™ p.v, 

Malvern p.T 

Mamakati  ng tp. 

Mamaroneck „p.tp. 

Mammoth t. 

Mam  re tp. 

Manada  Hill p.h, 

Manahawkin p.T, 

Manakin t. 

Manalapan p.tp. 

Mananah tp. 

Manan(ih p.T, 

Manassa p.T. 

Manassas p.T. 

Manawa p.T. 

Maur^lona tp. 

Mancelona p.T. 

Manchester p.tp. 

Manchester. tp. 

Manchester. p.T. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.T, 

Manchester, p.T. 

Manchester p.h. 

Manchester. p.tp, 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester p.tp, 

Manchester. tp. 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester p.tp. 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester c. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.T. 

Mancli  ester tp. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester t. 

Manchester. tp. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.b. 

Manchester™ tp. 

Manchester p.T. 


County. 


Linn 

Otter  Tail 

Broome 

Broome 

Columbia 

Marathon 

Outagamie 

Solano 

Steams 

Montgomery 

Tioga 

Franklin 

Warren 

Mifflin 

Huntington 

Cumberland 

Jackson 

Allamakee 

Oneida 

Gloucester 

Monroe™ 

Monroe™ 

Jasper 

Lancaster™ 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Bureau 

Middlesex 

Dunklin 

Kanawha. 

Columbia 

Mecklenburg 

Clayton™ 

Tompkins 

Tazewell 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Paulding 

Lake ™... 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Saratoga 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Saline 

Mills 

Sullivan 

Westchester 

Mono 

Kandiyohi 

Dauphin 

Ocean 

Goochland 

Monmouth 

Meeker 

Meeker.™ 

Conejos 

Prince  William... 

Wanpaca 

Antrim 

Antrim 

Hartford 

Boone 

Scott 

Dearborn 

Dearborn ., 

Delaware 

Clay 

Kennebec 

Carroll 


Washtenaw.... 

Washtenaw 

Freeborn 

St.  Louis 

Hillsborough. 

Ocean , 

Ocean 

Passaic 

Ontario , 

Ontario 

Adams 

Adams 

Morgan 

Summit. , 

Wayne 

York 

York 

Sumter 

Coffee 


State. 


Iowa.. 
Minn  . 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y„. 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.,,. 

Cal 

Minn, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Ind.  .. 

HI 

HI 

Iowa.. 
Idaho 
N.  J.™ 
Ohio... 

Ohio 

Iowa. ... 

Neb 

Iowa. ,.. 
Iowa.... 

HI 

Mass.... 

Mo 

W.  Va... 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

HI 

Iowa.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Col 

Ill ™ 

HI 

N,  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio.  .„ 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Minn ... 

Pa 

N.  J 

Va. 

N.  J 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Col 

Va 

Wis 

Mich.,,, 
Mich.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Me 

Md 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

S.  0 

Tenn.... 


336 


t  In  1876,  part  to  West  Mahanoy. 


s  In  1871,  part  to  Elmira. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


Manchester >...p.tp. 

Manchester c. 

Manchester ▼. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.v. 

Manchester tp. 

Mandan ▼. 

Mandnna p.h. 

Mandarin p.v. 

Mandeville p.  v. 

Mandeville p.h. 

Mandota p.r. 

Mandt tp. 

Manfred tp. 

Mangum tp. 

Manhasset p.T. 

Manhattan p.tp. 

Manhattan tp. 

Manhattan p.T. 

Manheim tp. 

Manheim tp. 

Manheim «p.b. 

Manheim tp. 

Manilla p.T. 

Manistee c. 

Manistee tp. 

Manistique p.tp. 

Manito tp. 

Manito p.T. 

Maniton p.T. 

Manitowoc c. 

Manitowoc tp. 

Manitowoc  BapldB.tp. 
Manitowoc  Bapids.p.T. 

Mankato p.T. 

Manliato c. 

Manlcato »tp. 

Manliiis p.tp. 

Manliusi .tp. 

Manlius tp. 

Manlius tp. 

Manlius p.T. 

Manly ~.p.T. 

Manly  Junction. ...p.h. 

Manly  ville „p.T, 

Mann tp. 

Manney'g  Neck tp. 

Manning tp. 

Manning p.tp, 

Manning tp. 

Manuington tp. 

Maunsville „p.h. 

Mannsville p.T, 

Manor tp. 

Manor tp. 

Manor p.T. 

Manorville p.T. 

Manorville p.b. 

Mansfield p.tp. 

Mansfield p.T. 

Mansfield p.h. 

Mansfield p.T. 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield p.T. 

Mansfield p.tp. 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield c. 

Mansfield b. 

ansfleld p.b. 

'ansfield p.  v. 

nsfleld  Depot....p.b. 

.anson p.T. 

.uston p.tp. 

anteno tp. 

Manteno _.p.T. 

Manti p.T. 

Man  ton p.T. 

Man  ton p.T. 

Mautorrllle* „tp. 

MantorTille p.T. 

Mantua..! tp. 

Mantua p.tp. 

Mantua p.tp, 

Mantua  Station... ..p.T. 

Manville p.y. 

Many .p.y. 

Manyaska tp. 

Maple tp. 

filaple tp. 


Mai 

I^BlIa] 


Bennington 

Ghestei^eld 

Hancock 

Oreen  Lake 

Green  Lake 

Jackson.... , 

Burleigh 

Onondaga 

DuTal 

St.  Tammany... 

Carroll 

Washington..... 

Chippewa 

Lac  Qui  Parle . 

Orange 

Queens 

Will 

Riley 

Riley 

Herkimer 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

York 

Rush 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Schoolcraft 

Mason 

Mason 

El  Paso 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Jewell 

Blue  Earth 

Blue  Earth 

Bureau 

La  Salle 

Allegan 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Moore 

Worth 

Henry 

Bedford 

Hertford 

Nash 

Clarendon. 

Marion 

Salem 

Taylor 

JefTereon 

Armstrong 

Lancaster 

Travis 

Sufi'olk 

Armstrong , 

Tolland 

Piatt , 

Parke 

DeSoto 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Freeborn 

Burlington.... 

Warren 

Cattaraugus... 

Richland 

Alleghany 

Tioga 

Tarrant 

Tolland 

Calhoun 

Wilkin 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

San  Pete 

Wexford 

ProTidence.... 

Bodge 

Bodge 

Monroe 

Gloucester 

Portage 

Portage» 

ProTidence... . 

Saliiue 

Martin 

Ida 

Monona. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Vt- 

Va 

W.Va... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Dakota, 

N.  Y 

Fla 

La 

Mo 

Va 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Col 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Kan 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Y..... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 
Tenn ... 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

8.  C 

8. 0 

N.J 

Ky 

N.  Y-.., 

Pa , 

Pa 

Tex 

N.Y.... 

Pa 

Conn  ... 
111.. 

Ind 

La. 

Mass.... 
Maas.... 
Minn ... 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tex 

Conn.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Utah.... 
Mich.... 

R.  I 

Minn ... 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

B.I 

La 

Minn  ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


1,897 
2,599 


1,140 


421 


641 


2,465 


922 
796 
1,173 
2,000 
2,603 
1,122 
1,159 


3,343 
271 


1,352 
376 


5,168 
1,016 
1,860 


3,482 
1,272 

973 
2,463 

641 
6,833 

879 


1,313 


1,278 

868 

2,351 


1,071 
4,371 


330 
2,401 


813 
2,432 


379 
2,880 
1,697 
1,135 
8,029 


616 


1,681 


1,239 


1,969 
622 
1,185 
1,897 
1,126 


345 


1,928 

6,729 

294 

1,199 

110 

606 

239 

91 

927 

753 

85 

112 

172 

138 

2,354 

507 

930 

961 

2,106 

2,421 

2,9.35 

1,666 

1,293 

222 

6,930 

773 

693 

1,237 

434 

422 

6,367 

1,282 

2,077 

116 

506 

6,560 

1,284 

984 

2,114 

1,026 

6,954 

834 

161 

84 

105 

834 

1,482 

1,786 

1,440 

1,770 

2,230 

77 

473 

1,508 

6,186 

120 

318 

327 

2,154 

398 

83 

770 

2,765 

1,680 

552 

1,648 

1,709 

1,106 

9,869 

1,172 

1,611 

249 

83 

377 

237 

1,519 

632 

1,748 

214 

200 

832 

477 

1,217 

1,718 

1,160 

216 

2,074 

143 

271 

869 

926 


Place. 


County. 


Maple tp. 

Maple  Creek tp. 

Maple  Forest.. tp. 

Maple  QroTe p.tp. 

Maple  QroTe tp. 

Maple  GroTe tp. 

Maple  GroTe p.tp. 

Maple  GroTe tp. 

Maple  QroTe p.tp. 

Maple  OroTe tp. 

Maple  Hill -p.tp. 

Maple  Lake p.tp. 

Maple  Park p.T. 

Maple  Plain p.T. 

Maple  Rapids ..p.T. 

Maple  Ridge tp. 

Maple  Ridge t. 

Maple  Ridge p.tp. 

Maple  RiTer tp. 

Maple  RiTer  Juncp.T. 

Maples p.T. 

Mapleton p.T. 

Mapleton .p.T. 

Mapleton p.h. 

Mapleton p.tp, 

Mapleton t. 

Mapleton .tp. 

Mapleton ~p.T. 

Mapleton b. 

Mapleton  Station...p.T. 

Mapletown h. 

Mapletown t. 

Maple  Valley tp. 

Maple  Valley p.tp. 

Maple  Valley tp. 

Maple  Valley p.tp. 

Mapleville p.T. 

Maplewood p.T. 

Maplewood h. 

Maplewood p.T. 

Maplewood ~t. 

Mappeville h. 

Maqnoketa tp. 

Maqnoketa p.T. 

Maquon tp. 

Maquon p.T. 

Maramec tp. 

Maramec .tp. 

Maramec ^. 

Maramec P-tp. 

Marathon tp. 

Marathon tp. 

Marathon p.T. 

Marathon p.T. 

Marathon tp. 

Marble  Hall t. 

Marblehead p.h. 

Marblehead p.tp. 

Marble  Hill p.v. 

Marble  Rock p.T. 

Marbletown p.tp. 

Marcelline p.T, 

Marcellon..- p.tp. 

Marcellus tp. 

Marcellus p.T. 

Marcellus tp. 

Marcellus p.T. 

Marchand..- p.T. 

Marco p.T. 

Marcus „tp. 

Marcus p.T. 

Marcus  Hook t. 

Marcy tp. 

Marcy p.tp. 

Marcy tp. 

Marena p.tp. 

Marengo tp. 

Marengo _p.T. 

Marengo -tp. 

Marengo -.p.T. 

Marengo —tp. 

Marengo -.p.T. 

Marengo p.h. 

Marengo —pJi. 

Marengo p.h. 

Margaretta tp. 

MargaretTille p.T. 

Mariah  Hill p.y. 

Marianna p.T. 

Mariauna p.T. 

MariaTille tp. 


Cowley 

Outagamie.... 

Crawford 

Barry 

Manistee 

Saginaw 

Hennepin  -.... 

Barron 

Manitowoc.... 

Shawano 

Wabaunsee.... 

Wright 

Kane 

Hennepin 

Clinton 

Delta. 

Delta. 

Isanti 

Emmett 

Carroll 

Allen 

Peoria 

Monona 

Bourbon 

Aroostook , 

Clinton , 

Blue  Earth..., 

Stark 

Huntingdon... 
Blue  Earth... 
Montgomery.. 

Greene 

Buena  Vista... 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 

Oconto 

Providence..., 

Cook 

Fayette 

Middlesex 


Accomack 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Knox 

Crawford 

Dent 

Jefferson 

Phelps 

Lapeer 

Cortland 

Cortland , 

Clermont 

Marathon 

Montgomery. 

Adams 

Essex 

Bollinger 

Floyd , 

Ulster 

Adams 

Columbia 

Cass 

Cass 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Indiana. 

Greene 

Cherokee , 

Cherokee...... 

Delaware 

Boone 

Oneida , 

Luzerne 

Hodgeman ... 

McHenry 

McHenry-.... 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Wayne 

Morrow 

Columbia...... 

Erie 

Delaware...... 

Spencer 

Lee 

Jackson 

Hancock 


State. 


PopoUtfon. 


1870.      1880, 


Kan  -., 

Wis 

Mich.., 
Mich... 
Mich.... 
Mieh.... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Kan 

Minn... 

Ill 

Minn... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan- ... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Ohio .... 

Pa 

Minn  .- 
N.  Y„... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Wis.-... 

R  I 

Ill 

Ind 

Mass.... 
N.  J-... 

Va 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.... 
NY.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa 

Ill 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y..... 

Pa 

Kan_... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wash... 

Ohio 

N.  Y-... 

Ind 

Ark 

Fla 

Me 


1,328 


605 
1,014 


1447 


268 


444 


583 


389 


462 
336 


2,827 
1,756 
1.426 


907 

374 
2,764 
1,048 

986 
1,611 

871 


344 


7,703 


4,223 


920 
1,255 


2,337 
428 


2,015 
1,461 


2,253 
1,327 
2,329 
1,693 
1,329 


369 


6ftl 

818 

80 

1,536 

97 

1,383 

1,155 

606 

1,623 

600 

604 

676 

386 

105 

606 

242 

123 

376 

164 

128 

139 

135 

379 

63 

705 

121 

686 

106 

444 

361 

81 

122 

667 

2,293 

939 

689 

469 

725 

44 

1,612 

429 

29 

2,188 

2,467 

1,448 

548 

1,954 

321 

3,097 

1,424 

1,702 

1,700 

1,006 

144 

871 

122 

50 

7,467 

266 

409 

3,970 

137 

835 

1,829 

635 

2,678 

489 

116 

136 

412 

171 

816 

2,304 

1,413 

1,158 

465 

2,082 

1,264 

2,487 

1,738 

1,272 

118 

82 

91 

62 

2,302 

418 

128 

627 

686 


*  .'iince  1870,  area  reduced. 


•  In  1870,  including  Tillages  of  Kasson  and  MantorTilli> 


337 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KBTURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


MariaTille p.T. 

Maricopa h. 

Marietta p.  v. 

Marietta p.v. 

Marietta p.v. 

Marietta p.tp, 

Marietta » p.h. 

Marietta h. 

Marietta p.T. 

Marietta c. 

Marietta tp. 

Marietta p.b. 

Marietta tp. 

Marilla p.tp, 

Marilla p.tp. 

Marine tp. 

Marine.. p.T. 

Marine tp. 

Marine p.v. 

Marine  City p.T. 

Mariner's  Harbor...p.T. 

Marinette tp. 

Marinette p.y. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion p.v. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion  ^ tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion» tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion p.tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion„ p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion p.tp, 

Marion tp. 

Marion... tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.h. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion  * tp^ 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion ^. 

Marion p.  v. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.v. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion-.....^ tp. 


Clonnty. 


Schenectady- 
Pinal 

Ck)bb 

Fulton 

Shelby 

Marshall 

Prentiss 

Esmeralda.... 

Onondaga 

Washington.. 
\\'ashington.. 

Lancaster 

Crawford.. 


SUte. 


N.Y, 
AriBona 

Ga 

111.... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Miss. 
Nev.. 
N.Y. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Wis.. 


Manistee i  Mich... 

N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Minn. 

Mich.., 

N.  Y... 

Wis.... 

Wis.... 

Ala 

Ark.-. 
Dak.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind...., 
Ind...., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind...., 
Ind.... 
Ind...., 

Ind 

Ind.... 

Ind.... 

Ind...., 

Iowa.. 

Iowa. . 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa. . 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa,... 

Kan 

Kan  „.. 
Kan-.., 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio...., 
Ohio.... 


Erie 

Madison 

Madison 

Washington 

Washington 

St.  Clair 

Bicbmond 

Marinette 

Marinette 

Perry 

Crittenden 

Turner 

Lee 

Ogle 

Williamson...... 

Allen 

Boone 

Decatur 

Dubois 

Grant 

Hendricks 

Jasper 

Jennings 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Owen 

Pike 

Pntnam 

Shelby 

Clayton 

Davis 

Franklin 

Hamilton.- 

Henry 

Lee 

Linn 

Linn 

Marshall 

Plymouth 

Washington 

Bourbon 

Doniphan 

Douglas 

Lincoln 

Nemaha 

Crittenden 

Washington 

Plymouth 

Plymonth 

Charlevoix 

Livingston 

Osceola 

Saginaw 

Sanilac , 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Buchanan 

Christian 

Cole , 

Cole 

Dade , 

Daviess 

Grundy , 

Harrison 

Jasper  

Mercer , 

Monroe , 

Newton 

Ozark , 

Polk 

St.  Frangois 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Mcbowell 

McDowell , 

Allen 

Clinton 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,888 
1*006 


5,218 
2,697 
2,397 
800 
129 
1,804 


1,240 


2,646 


747 
1,030 


1,319 
1,786| 
2,316 1 


1,658 
1,263 
1,629 
1,200 
3,006 

372 
1,767 
1,428 
1,453 

949 
1,066 

798 


885 
1,371 
1,335 
3,854 
1,822 

853 


1,124 

1,182 

668 

879 


102 
213 


302 
1,111 


665 
929 


1,697 

473 

1,108 


414 
1,321 
2,284 
2,567 
3,964 
1,006 
2,107 
1,166 

745 
2,489 

854 
1,967 


1,943 


2,920 
1,592! 


116 

96 

2,227 

118 

194 

990 

63 

56 

147 

5,444 

3,386 

2,503 

1,037 

166 

1,825 

1,926 

774 

1,467 

460 

1,673 

434 

5,412 

2,750 

2,074 

199 

159 

902 

1,167 

881 

1,376 

2,307 

2,424 

920 

3,182 

1,298 

1,958 

1,071 

3,989 

493 

1,658 

1,506 

1,430 

1,126 

1,073 

955 

432 

1,111 

1,153 

1,124 

4,023 

1,939 

863 

529 

1,181 

1,811 

619 

1,417 

467 

370 

356 

182 

958 

376 

306 

1,256 

92 

80 

1,418 

873 

112 

1,726 

805 

1,846 

46 

594 

1,520 

1,307 

1,485 

5,316 

1,531 

2,273 

1,483 

1,041 

3,282 

1,183 

2,100 

412 

2,312 

372 

4,488 

1,956 


Place. 


Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion v. 

Marion ....tp. 

Marion p.v. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion b. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion p.h. 

Marion p.v. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion - ...p.v. 

Marion tp. 

Marion  Centre p.v. 

Marion  G.  H p.v. 

Marion  Station. „...p.v. 

Marionville- p.v. 

Mariposa. p.v. 

Mariposa tp. 

Mark tp. 

Mark  Centre p.v. 

Markelsville p.v. 

Markesan p.v. 

Markland p.v. 

Markle p.v. 

Markleeville. p.h. 

Markleaburg b. 

Markleville p.v. 

Markleysburg p.h. 

Markoe p.v. 

Marksbo rough..  ...p.h. 

Mark's  Creek tp. 

Marksville p.v. 

Marlnnd  Tillage...v. 

Marlborough.- p.tp. 

Marlborough p.tp, 

MarllK)  rough. .......tp. 

Marlborough- p.v. 

Marlborough p.tp. 

Marlborough p.tp. 

Marlborough— p.h. 

Marlborough tp. 

Marlborough tp. 

Mariborough.- p.v. 

Marlborough tp. 

Marlborough tp. 

Marlliorough p.h. 

Marlette tp. 

Marlette p.v. 

Marlow p.tp. 

Marlton p.T. 

Marmaton tp. 

Marmaton p.tp 

Marmont p.h. 

Maroa tp. 

Maroa p.T. 

Marple p.tp. 

Marquand -p.v. 

Marquette c. 

Marquette tp. 

Marqnette p.tp. 

Marrowbone tp. 

Marrowbone p.h. 

Marrs tp. 

Marseilles p.v. 

Marseilles tp. 

Marseilles p.v. 

Marsh - tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall.- tp. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall c. 

Marshall.- tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall tp. 


County. 


Fayette 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Hocking 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Marion 

Mercer 

Morgan 

Noble  - 

Pike 

Beaver 

Berks- 

Butler 

Centre 

Greene 

Indiana- 

Marion 

Guadalupe 

Smyth 

Grant 

Juneau 

Waupaca 

Waushara 

Marion 

Marion 

Lauderdale.... 
Lawrence...... 

Mariposa 

Jasper 

Defiance 

Defiance 

Perry 

Green  Lake..., 
Switzerland-. , 
Huntington..., 

Alpine , 

Huntingdon... 

Madison 

Fayette.- 

Greene 

Warren 

Wake , 

Avoyelles 

Essex 

Hartford , 

Middlesex-... 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Monmouth .... 

Ulster 

Pitt 

Delaware 

Stark , 

Stark 

Montgomery., 

Windham 

Windham 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Cheshire 

Burlington ... 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Marshall 

Macon , 

Macon 

Delaware 

Madison 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Green  Lake..., 

Moultrie 

Cumberland-. 

Posey 

La  Salle 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Surry 

Searcy 

Clark 

Clark 

Lawrence...... 

Louisa 

Taylor. 

Calhoun 

Calhoun- 

Lyon 

Mower 


State. 


Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

S.C 

Tex-.. 

Va 

Wis.... 

Wis 

Wis.-. 
Wis.... 
Kan  -. 
8.  C...., 
Misa„. 

Mo 

Cal 

Iowa.. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-., 

Pa. 

Wis-.. 

Ind 

Ind.... 
Cal .... 

Pa 

Ind.-. 

Pa 

Ind.... 
N.  J... 
N.  0... 

La 

Mass.., 

Conn.. 

Mass... 

N.  H.... 

N.  H 

N.  J. 

N.Y, 

N.C. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Pa.... 

Vt... 

Vt.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.. 

N.H... 

N.J.„, 

Kan  -. 

Kan-. 

Ind.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Mo  -.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.., 
Wis-.. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ind.... 

Ill 

Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
N.  0.-. 
Ark.-., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Iowa.. 

Mich.., 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Minn 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


7431 


9901 

671 

613 

1,561 


3,486 

2,531 

1,876 

2,074 

1,733 

813 

307 

1,440 

850 

823 

1,349 

310 

2,490 


368 
676 
284 


666 
'968 


407 
696 


1,396 


476 

8,474 
1,017 


2,231 
2,976 


662 
1,870 


1,303 
666 


706 

"iis 


904 


1,824 
766 
858 


4,000 
617 
928 

1,127 


2,029 
768 
603 
261 
619 


2,541 


830 
967 

309 

4,926 

984 


101 


338 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


i  In  1872,  part  to  Wilson. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Oounty.  State 


Marshall t|). 

Marshall.- tp. 

MarehalL- p.T. 

Marshall... tp. 

Marshall.- tp. 

Marshall.- p.T. 

Marnball-. tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall.- tp. 

Marshall.- c. 

Marshall p.T. 

Marshall tp. 

MarshallsYllle p.T. 

Marshallton p.T. 

Marshallton p.T. 

Marshalltown c. 

MarshallTllle p.T. 

Marshan - tp. 

Marshfleld p.T. 

Marshfleld tp. 

Marshfleld p.tp. 

Marshfleld p.tp. 

Marshfleld p.T. 

Marshfleld p.T. 

Marshfleld p.T. 

Marshfleld tp. 

Marshfleld p.T. 

Marshfleld tp. 

Marshfleld tp. 

Marshfleld p.T. 

Mars  Hill p.tp. 

Marshland tp. 

Martel - tp. 

Martel p.h. 

Martelle ~ p.b. 

Martic tp. 

Martin-. ^. 

Martin- tp. 

Martin p.tp, 

Martin- tp. 

Martin p.T. 

Martin tp. 

Martin p.T. 

Martindale p.T. 

Marti  ndale  Depot-p.h. 

Martinez tp. 

Marti  nsbnrg tp. 

Martinsburg p.h. 

Martinsburg p.T. 

Martinsbnrg p.T. 

Martinsburg h. 

Martinsburg tp. 

Martinsburg p.T. 

Marti  nsburg p.h. 

Martinsburg tp. 

Martinsburg p.T. 

Marti  nsbu  rg p.T. 

Martinsburg p.b. 

Martinsburg t. 

Martinsburg p.T. 

Martin's  Ferty p.T. 

MartiiiBTille tp. 

MartinsTille p.T. 

MartinBTille p.T. 

MartinsTille ....p.T. 

MartinsTille p.h. 

MartinsTille t. 

MartinsTille. p.T. 

MartinsTille h. 

MartinsTille ....p.T. 

Martinton tp. 

Martinton p.T. 

MartvlUe- p.h. 

Martz „..p.T. 

Marvell p.T. 

Marvin p.T. 

Marryn p.T. 

Mary - tp. 

Mary  Ann tp. 

Marydell  i p.v. 

Maryland p.tp, 

Maryland p.tp. 

Maryland tp. 

MarysTille c. 

Marysville tp. 

MarysviUe t. 

Marysville p.h. 

Marysville h. 

Marysville .p.T. 

Marysville b. 

Marysville tp. 


Platte 

Saline 

Saline 

Oneida 

Madison 

Madison 

Highhmd 

Highland 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Dane 

Bichland 

Macon 

New  Cttetle.... 

Chester 

Marshall 

Wayne 

Dakota 

Warren- 

Washington-. 

Plymouth 

Lincoln 

Webster 

Athens- 

Coos 

Washington... 
Washington.., 
Fond  du  Lac., 

Wood 

Wood 

Aroostook 

Burnett 

Fierce , 

Pierce 

Jones 

Lancaster 

Crawford , 

McLean , 

Allegan 

Kock , 

Ottawa 

Anderson-.... 

Weakley , 

Lancaster. 

Columbia. 

Mecosta. 

Pike 

Pike 

Washington-c 

Keokuk- 

Elliott 

Benville 

Audrain , 

Dixon 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Knox 

Blair 

Butler 

Berkeley , 

Belmont. 

Clark 

Clark 

Morg^an- 

Knox 

Harrison 

Howell 

Clinton 

Meigs 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Cayuga 

Clay 

Phillips , 

Phillips , 

BuBsell 

Polk 

Licking 

Caroline 

Ogle 

Otsego 

Swift 

Yuba. 

Yuba , 

Vermilion 

Clarke 

Clay 

Marion 

Wapello 

Marshall 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  T 

K.O , 

N.O.-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Ga 

Del 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Ind , 

Me 

Majss... 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Oregon 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Me 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
Minn .. 
Ohio.... 

S.C 

Tenn... 

Pa 

N.Y-.. 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Minn .. 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

W.Va.- 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind , 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y.... 

Ind 

Ark 

Kan.... 

Ala 

Minn .. 
Ohio..... 

Md 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 
Minn .. 

Oal 

Oal 

Ill 

Ind , 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Kan. 


2,038 
3,701 


2,145 
1,502 

""821 


705 
1,920 


847 
424 


3,218 
322 

527 


350 
1,659 


809 


1,072 


1,593 


399 


717 


1,926 

1,099 

687 

963 


1,526 


1,466 


123 


62 


2,282 


4,863 
1,836 
1,672 


1,131 


866 


804 


1,181 
2,402 


4,738 
433 


1.626 


1,910 

5,945 

2,701 

2,276 

2,685 

176 

811 

113 

748 

5,624 

332 

989 

543 

131 

278 

6,240 

376 

563 

170 

300 

1,781 

170 

655 

191 

642 

1,102 

231 

2,044 

1,001 

669 

716 

302 

1,284 

63 

96 

1,986 

1,126 

1,026 

1,213 

545 

343 

1,910 

641 

133 

59 

192 

1,363 

82 

126 

154 

83 

150 

225 

39 

2,386 

285 

199 

567 

287 

6,335 

3,819 

1,938 

663 

1,943 

550 

97 

129 

356 

77 

289 

1,276 

142 

38 

440 

177 

136 

241 

248 

951 

131 

1,301 

2,324 

218 

4,321 

691 

368 

86 

62 

340 

33 

3,781 


Place. 


County. 


Marysville p.T. 

Marysville tp. 

MarysTille tp. 

Marysrille p.T. 

MarysTille t. 

Marysville p.b. 

Marysville p.T. 

MarysviUe p.b. 

Maryville c. 

Mary  villa p.T. 

Masardis p.tp, 

Mascoutah p.T. 

Mashpee p.tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason p.T, 

Mason tp. 

Mason ....tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason p.T. 

Mason tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason  ^ tp. 

Mason p.h. 

Mason t. 

Mason tp. 

Mason p.T. 

Mason p.T. 

Mason p.T. 

Masonborongh tp. 

Mason  City- tp. 

Mason  City- p.T. 

Mason  City- c. 

Masontown  - p.b. 

MasonTille p.T. 

MasouTille p.h. 

MasonTille.- tp. 

MajBonville tp. 

MasonTille p.T. 

Massac  Creek- p.T. 

Massena tp. 

Massena p.tp. 

Massie tp. 

Massievllle t. 

Massillon tp. 

Massillon- tp. 

Massillon- p.h. 

Massillon h. 

Massillon c. 

MastersonTllIe p.h. 

MastervUIe t. 

Mastic h. 

Matagorda p.T. 

Matamoras h. 

Matamoras t. 

Matamoras p.T. 

Matawan tp. 

Matawan p.T. 

Miitfleld  Green p.T. 

Matherton p.h. 

Matinicus p.tp, 

Matoaca p.T. 

Mattamiscontis tp. 

Mattanawcook  lBl...i8l. 

Mattapoisett tp. 

Mattapolsett p.T. 

Mattawamkeag  ...-p.tp. 

Mattawan —p.T. 

Matteawan p.T. 

Matteson - tp. 

Matthews p.h. 

Matthews tp. 

Matthews p.T. 

Mattison - p.T. 

Mattison p.tp. 

Mattituck p.T. 

Mattole tp. 

Mattoon tp. 

Mattoon c. 

Maucb  Chunk tp. 

Manch  Cbnnk p.b. 

Mauckport p.T. 

Maud's p.h. 

Maumee tp. 

Maumee  City.- t. 

Maurertown p.h. 

Maurice  BiTer tp. 

Mauricetown p.T. 

Mansion p.T. 

Mauvaise  Terre  .....tp. 


Marshall 

Miami 

Wright 

Union 

Berks 

Perry 

Cooke 

Campbell 

Nodaway 

Blount 

Aroostook-.., 

St.  Clair 

Barnstable  .. 
Effingham ... 
EfiBngham ... 
Cerro  Gordo . 

Taylor 

Oxford 

Bay 


Ingham 

Murray 

Marion 

Hillsborough... 
Hillsborough... 

Wake 

Lawrence 

Warren 

Mason 

Mason 

New  Hanover . 

Mason 

Mason 

Cerro  Gordo ..... 

Fayette 

Delaware 

DaTiess 

Delta. 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Massac 

Cass 

St.  Lawrence.. 
Warren 


Btote. 


Wayne 

Cedar 

Cedar , 

Fayette- 

Stark 

Lancaster-... 

Harrison 

Suffolk 

Matagorda..., 

Blackford 

Dauphin 

Pike 

Monmouth ... 
Monmouth ... 

Chase 

Ionia 

Knox 

Chesterfield-. 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Plymouth I  Mass..... 

Plymouth Mass 


Kan. 
Kan, 
Minn... 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex  -.... 

Va 

Mo 

Tenn.... 

Me 

Ill 

Mass... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H-.. 
N.  H„.. 
N.  C-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Tex 

W.  Va. 

N.O 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Iowa... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..- 

ni 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Tex.-.. 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.J 

Kan  -.. 
Mich... 

Me 

Va 

Me 

Me 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Penobscot.. 
Van  Bnren.... 

Dutchess 

Waupaca 

Talbot 

Chatham 

Mecklenburg.. 

Cook 

Branch 

Suffolk 

Humboldt 

Coles 

Coles 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Harrison 

Butler 

Allen 

Lucas 

Shenandoah.... 
Cumberland-.. 
Cumberland-.. 

Juneau- 

Morgan 


31  e. 
Mich. 
N.  Y- 
Wls.- 
Md  ... 
N.  0... 
N.O.- 

111 

Mich. 
N.  Y... 
Cal-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa , 

Ind.... 
Ohio.., 
Ind... 
Ohio... 

Va 

N.  J.-. 
N.  J-.. 
Wis.... 
Ill 


300 
1,383 

627 
1,441 


863 


1,682 
811 
169 


348 
1,908 

490 
1,784 

580 

127 


809 
1,212 


10,725 
1,364 


1,884 
387 


1,182 
641 
2,387 
1,615 
1,183 


162 
1,738 


2,660 
1,270 


781 
974 


6,188 


2,839 


277 

""m 

1,361 
"366 


2,406 
289 


1,306 


463 

4,967 


6,210 
8,841 


394 
1,779 


2,600 


962 
7S6 


1,249 
1,599 
1,112 
2,061 

122 
1,206 

214 

48 
3,486 
1,098 

212 
2,668 

346 
1,828 

621 
3,077 

824 
94 

112 

889 
1,809 

148 
11,634 

646 
84 

268 
2,021 

431 

676 
1,186 

627 
2,443 
1,714 
2,610 

376 

193 
41 

265 
1,673 

265 

413 

434 
2,739 
1,431 

191 

660 

891 

60 

86 

6,836 

66 

119 
63 

438 
65 

196 

944 
2,699 
1,437 

324 
97 

243 

696 

64 

43 

1,366 

708 

456 

240 
4,411 

620 

71 

1,381 

191 

461 
1,339 

843 

663 
6,644 
6,737 
4,082 
8,762 

278 
9« 

4.37 

1,780 

32 

2,374 

67t 
1,013 

73S 


1  Including  Marydell,  Del. 


1  In  1872,  part  to  GreenTllle. 


339 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Maxatawny tp. 

Haxatawuy p.T. 

Mazey ..r. 

Maxey's p.h. 

Maxfleld _tp. 

Maxfleld .p.tp. 

Maxinkackee p.h. 

MaxTille «p.h. 

MaxTille h. 

Maxvlll6 h. 

MaxTille ..tp. 

Maxwell ^. 

May ...tp. 

May tp. 

May .~.~.tp. 

Maybee .....p.T. 

May  berry tp. 

Maybinton. p.tp. 

May  Day .p.^, 

Mayersrille .p.T. 

MayesTllle tp. 

MayesTille p.T. 

Mayfield p.  v. 

Mayfleld ..tp. 

Mayfield „.p.T. 

Mayfleld ~.tp. 

Mayfield -.p.tp. 

Mayfleld ...tp. 

Mayfleld tp. 

Mayfleld tp. 

Mayfield p.T. 

Mayfield p.tp, 

Mayhew'g  Station..p.T. 

Maynard p.T. 

Maynard p.tp. 

MaynardTiUe .p.T. 

Mayo  1 ~p.tp. 

Maysfield p.v. 

May's  Landing p.T. 

May's  Lick ~p.T. 

MaysTille p.T. 

Maysyille p.T. 

Maysville t. 

MaysTille t. 

Maysville h. 

Maysville c. 

Maysville tp. 

Maysville p.T. 

Maysville h. 

Maytown p.T. 

Mayville t. 

May  villa tp. 

Mayville t. 

Mayville p.T. 

Mayville h. 

Mayville .tp. 

Mayville p.T. 

May  wood ~p.T. 

May  wood p.tp. 

Mazeppa ...tp. 

Mazeppa p.v. 

Mazumaule p.tp. 

Mazon tp. 

Mazon p.T. 

Meacham tp. 

Mead tp. 

Mead tp. 

Mead tp. 

Meade „.^. 

Meadow tp. 

Meadow tp. 

Meadow p.T. 

Meadow  Gap p.h. 

Meadow  Lake tp. 

Meadows.. p.tp. 

Meadowville p.h. 

Meadowville p.h. 

Meadville h. 

Meadviile h. 

Meadville p.T. 

Meadville c. 

Mears p.T. 

Meat  Camp tp. 

Mecan tp. 

Mecca p.tp, 

.Mechanic tp. 

Mechanic  Falls p.v. 

Mechauicsburg tp. 

Mochanicsburg  .....p.T. 

Mechanicsburg p.T. 

Mechaniofburg p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Berks 

Berks 

Pima 

Oglethorpe 

Bremer. 

Penobscot. 

Marshall 

DuTal 

Spencer 

Huron 

Buflialo 

Lac  Qui  Pule ..... 

Christian , 

Lee 

Platte 

Monroe 

Montour 

Newberry ..., 

Biley 

Issaquena- 

Sumter 

Snmter 

Santa  Clara.- 

DeKalb 

Graves 

Somerset 

Grand  Traverse... 

Lapeer 

Laclede 

Fulton , 

Fulton 

Cuyahoga- 

Lowndes 

Fayette , 

Middlesex 

Union 

Bockingham 

Milam 

Atlantic 

Mason 

Benton 

Chaffee 

Banks 

Allen 

Scott 

Mason 

Aroostook 

De  Kalb 

Wayne 

Lancaster- 

Tuscola 

Houston 

Cape  May- 

Chautauqua 

Jefferson 

Clark 

Dodge 

Cook ..., 

Benton , 

Wabasha 

Wabasha , 

Dane 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Marion , 

Belmont 

Crawford 

Warren 

Huron 

Plymouth 

Johnson. 

Millard 

Huntingdon 

Nevada 

Stokes 

Rich 

Barbour 

Bonhomme 

Meade 

Linn 

Crawford 

Oceana 

Watauga 

Marquette 

Trumbull 

Holmes 

Androscoggin .... 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Henry 

Champaign 


State. 


Pa 

Pa- 

Arizona 

Ga. 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Ind 

Fla 

Ind 

Ohio 

Wis 

Minn... 

Ill- 

Ill 

Mo 

Mich..„ 

Pa. 

8. 0 

Kan 

Miss 

8.  C 

8.  0.„... 

CaU 

Ill 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  T 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Miss.... 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Tenn.... 

N.  0 

Tex 

N.  J 

Ky 

Ark 

Col 

Ga. 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.J 

N.  T 

Pa 

Wis.-... 
Wis.-... 

Ill 

Minn... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

lU 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich ... 
Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Utah.... 

Pa. 

Cal 

N.  0-... 

Utah.... 

W.Va.„ 

Dakota. 

Ky.... 

Mo... 

Pa 

Mich. 
N.  0- 
Wis. 
Ohio., 
Ohio., 
Me... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.., 
Ohio. 


Popalatlon. 


187a     1880, 


2^1 


736 
166 


434 


681 
1,007 


216 
1,171 


1,763 


941 

779 

96 

260 

1,028 


2,241 


892 


166 
3,639 


199 


4,706 
768 


611 

'ifoi 


83 
681 


1,713 
1,006 


835 

1,860 

2,421 

463 

213 


1,043 


1,666 
2,066 


7,103 


370 

712 

936 

1,066 


1,44:3 
366 
133 
940 


2,843 

1,196 

146 

97 

863 

139 

66 

66 

78 

67 

414 

180 

793 

848 

899 

200 

230 

1,604 
706 
365 

2,304 
396 
426 
868 

1,839 
141 
449 

1,730 
317 

2,231 
219 
879 
197 
270 

2,291 
178 

2,409 
163 
744 
366 
130 
661 
116 
382 
59 

6,220 

1,141 
418 
87 
660 
248 
712 
273 

1,051 
82 

1,249 

1,051 
716 
126 
377 
460 

1,646 

1,114 
140 
927 

1,970 

2,857 

1,155 
670 
112 

1,727 

212 

26 

1,479 

2,659 
71 
50 
78 
39 
446 

8,860 
337 
629 
621 
950 

1,271 
622 

1,784 
396 
168 

1,522 


Place. 


Mechanicsburg  ...-h. 

Mechanicsburg p.b. 

Mechanicsburg b. 

Mechanicsburg  .....t. 
Mechanicsburg  ...-T. 
Mechanics  town. ..-p.T. 

Mechanics  town p.T. 

Meclianic8town...-h. 

Mechanicsrille p.T. 

Mechanicsville p.T. 

Mechanicsville  .....p.h. 
Meclianicsville  .....h. 

Mechanicsville t. 

Mechanicsville t. 

Mechanicsville p.T, 

MechanicsTille h. 

Mechanicsville  .....t. 
MechanicsTille  .....t. 

MechanicsTille t. 

MechanicsTille t. 

Mechanicsville tp. 

Mechanicsville  .....t. 
Mechanicsville  .....t. 

MechanicsTille v. 

Mecklenburg p.T. 

Meckling .pji. 

Mecosta p.tp, 

Mecosta p.T. 

Medarysville p.T. 

Meddybempe. p.tp. 

Medera t. 

Medfleld -p.tp. 

Medford tp. 

Medford p.tp. 

Medford p.tp. 

Medford p.tp, 

Medford tp. 

Medford p.T. 

Medford tp. 

Medford p.T. 

Media p.b. 

Mediapolls ...p.T. 

Medicine -tp. 

Medicine .tp. 

Medicine -tp. 

Medicine tp. 

Medicine  Lodge  ....^. 
Medicine  Lodge  ....p.T. 

Medina ^. 

Medina tp. 

Medina tp. 

Medina p.T. 

Medina tp. 

Medina p.T. 

Medina tp. 

Medina p.T. 

Medina tp. 

Medo p.tp. 

Medoc -.p.T. 

Medon -p.v. 

Medora p.T. 

Medora p.T. 

Medusa p.T. 

Med  way tp. 

Medway p.T. 

Medway p.tp. 

Medway p.v. 

Meeme p.tp. 

Meenanville h. 

Meherrin p.h. 

Meherrin h. 

Mehoopany tp. 

Mehoopany p.v. 

Mehuren tp. 

Meigs tp. 

Meigs tp. 

Meigsville p.tp. 

Melbern p.h. 

Melbourne p.T. 

Melburne v. 

Melissa p.h. 

Mellenville p.v. 

Melmore p.T. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose p.h.. 

Melrose v. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose p.T. 

Melrose p.h. 

Melrose p.tp. 


County. 


Butler 

Cumberland 

Indiana 

Lancaster- 

Somerset 

Frederick- 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Windham 

Cedar 

St.  Charles 

Camden 

Hunterdon 

Middlesex 

Saratoga 

Adams 

Lehigh 

Mifflin 

Montgomery ... 

Venango 

Darlington 

Knox 

Chittenden 

Chesterfield 

Schuyler 

Clay , 

Mecosta. 

Mecosta. 

Pulaski 

Washington 

Bernalillo 

Norfolk 

Reno 

Piscataquis 

Middlesex 

Steele- 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Delaware 

Des  Moines 

Books 

Livingston 

Mercer 

Putnam- 

Barbour 

Barbour 

Peoria. 

Warren 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Hennepin 

Orleans- 

Medina 

Medina. 

Dane 

Blue  Earth 

Jasper 

Madison 

Macoupin- 

Jackson 

Albany 

Penobscot 

Penobscot. 

Norfolk- 

CTark 

Manitowoc 

Armstrong 

Lunenburg 

Prince  Edward 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Lac  Qui  Parle- 
Adams 

Muskingum 

Morgan 

Williams 

Izard 

Saginaw 

Collin 

Columbia.- 

Seneca 

Adams 

Clark 

Clark 

Cook 

Grundy 

Monroe 

Carroll 

Middlesex 


State. 


Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Md.. 

Ohio 

W.  Va- 

Conn. 

Iowa. 

Mo... 

N.  J- 

N.  J.- 

N.J.- 

N.Y- 

Pa..... 

Pa-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa..... 

8. 0... 

Tenn 

Vt.... 

Va.... 

N.Y- 

Dakota. 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Ind...., 

Me 

N.  Mex. 
Mass.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 
N.  J.-... 

N.  J 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 
Kan-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis 

Minn... 

Mo 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa. 

Va 

Va 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ark.-... 
Mich.... 

Tex 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Md 

Mass.... 


1870.      1880. 


340 


1  In  1877,  part  to  Madison. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlWM. 


County. 


Melrose tp. 

Melrose P-tp. 

Melrose p.h. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose p.  v. 

Melvale h. 

Melvern tp. 

Melvern p.T. 

Melville p.tp. 

Melville h. 

Melville tp. 

Melville tp. 

Melville p.h. 

Melvina p.h. 

Memory p.h. 


Memphis... 
Memphis... 
Memphis .. 
Memphis .. 
Memphis .., 


P.h. 

P-T. 

P-T- 

PV- 

.p.h. 


Charlevoix.... 

Steams 

Rockingham . 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Baltimore 


Memphis c 

Menallen P-tP- 

Meuallen tp. 

Menard  ville p.h. 

Menasha c. 

Menasha. tp. 

Menilenhall's.. tp. 

Mendham tp. 

Mendham p.T. 

Mendocino tp. 

Mendon tp. 

Mendon p.y. 

Mendon tp. 

Mendou tp. 

Meudun p.v. 

Meudon tp. 

Mendon p.v. 

Mendon p.tp, 

Meudon tp. 

Mendon p.T. 

Meudon p.v. 

Mendon p.v. 

Meudon p.tp. 

Mendon  Centre p.h. 

Mendota tp. 

Mendota c. 

Mendota. p.tp. 

Mendota p.v. 

Mendota .p.v. 

Menekannee p.v. 

Menno p.tp. 

Meno p.h. 

Menoken p.tp. 

Menominee tp. 

Menominee tp. 

Menominee p.v. 

Menomonee tp. 

Menomonee p.v. 

Menomonee. tp. 

Menomonee  Fall8...p.T. 

Mentor tp. 

Mentor p.T. 

Mentor tp. 

Mentz tp. 

Mequon tp. 

Meramec tp. 

Meiumec ^. 

Merced p.v. 

Merced  Falls. p.v. 

Mercer ., tp. 

Mercer tp. 

Mercer tp. 

Mercer p.v. 

Mercer p.T. 

Mercer tp. 

Mercer p.b. 

Merci'rsbnrg p.b. 

Morchantville p.b. 

Merchantville p.v. 

Mercyville p.h. 

Meredith p.tp. 

Meredith tp. 

Men-ilitli tp. 

Meredith p.h. 

Meredith  Uollow...p.h. 
Meredith  ViUage...p.y. 

Morednsia tp. 

Meredositt p.v. 

Mereno v. 

Meriden tp. 

Mericlen c. 

Meriden tp. 

Meriden p.T. 


Audnbon 

Carroll 

Renville 

Alamance 

Alamance 

Monroe 

Taylor 

Bourbon 

Macomb 

Scotland 

Onondaga..... 

Clinton 

Shelby 

Adams 

Fayette 

Menard 

Winnebago... 
Winnebago... 

Newbeny 

Morris 

Morris 

Sonoma 

Adams 

Adams 

Clayton  

Worcester 

Worcester 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Chariton 

Monroe , 

Monroe 

Mercer 

Cache 

Rutland 

Monroe 

La  Salle , 

La  Salle , 

Dakota. 

Dakota 

Dane 

Marinette 

Mifflin 

Hutchinson.. 

Shawnee , 

Jo  Daviess... 
Menominee.. 
Menominee.. 

Dunn 

Dnnn 

Waukesha.... 
Waukesha.... 

Lake , 

Lake 

Clark 

Cayuga 

Ozaukee 

Franklin 

St.  Louis 

Merced 

Merced 

Mercer , 

Adams 

Somerset , 

Somerset 

Mercer 

Butler 

Mercer 

Franklin 

Camden 

Stauben 

Macon 

Cloud 

Belknap 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Belknap 

Morgan  _ 

Morgan 

Worcester.... 
New  Haven.. 
New  Haven.. 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 


State. 


Popalatioa. 


1870.      1880. 


Mich. 
Minn 
Va.... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Md.... 
ICan.. 
Kan.. 
Iowa. 
Md... 
Minn 
N.  C. 

N.  C 

Wis.. 

Iowa, 

Kan.. 

Mich.... 

Mo.... 

N.  T. 

Ohio. 

Tenn 

Pa 

Pa.... 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

S.O 

N.  J.»... 
N.J«.... 

Oal 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich..„. 

Mo 

N.T 

N.T..... 

Ohio 

Utah.... 

Vt 

N.  T-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Dak 

Kan 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  T 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

CaL 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  J._... 
N.  Y>... 

Mo 

Kan 

N.  H.... 
N.  T... 
K.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
N.  H... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass.. 
Conn.. 
Conn.. 

Ill 

Ill 


269 


929 


1^1 


385 
1,007 


40,226 
1,814 
1,376 


2,484 

613 

1,676 

1,573 


2,690 
1,796 
501 
4,103 
1,175 


1,908 
660 


2,900 


164 
345 
612 


4,589 

3,546 

444 


1,173 


593 
1,597 


2,210 


2,350 


li' 
416 
441 
2,278 
3,166 
1,480 
3,436 


1,949 
138 
846 


73 

478 

1,236 

971 

246 


1,807 
1,462 


1,383 


10,496 


1,069 


79 

611 

22 

1,320 

144 

92 

1,305 

103 

470 

31 

161 

1,667 

89 

60 

83 

45 

579 

1,418 

152 

16 

33,592 

2,010 

1,461 

67 

3,144 

631 

2,230 

1,526 

294 

2,874 

1,726 

662 

3,440 

1,094 

602 

2,040 

854 

680 

3,193 

220 

242 

543 

629 

80 

4,573 

4,142 

741 

348 

657 

1,274 

1,191 

52 

889 

735 

3,947 

3,288 

4,177 

2,689 

2,268 

366 

1,822 

540 

754 

2,288 

3,023 

1,142 

3,746 

1,446 

160 

2,490 

683 

755 

189 

124 

985 

2,344 

970 

439 

131 

93 

597 

1,800 

1,663 

73 

86 

850 

1,569 

760 

649 

18,340 

16,640 

991 

130 


Place. 


Meriden p.v. 

Meriden p.tp. 

Meriden .p.h. 

Meriden h. 

Meridian _p.T. 

Meridian »tp. 

Meridian p.tp. 

Meridian tp. 

Meridian c. 


.p.T. 
,.p.T. 
,.p.T. 
.p.T. 

..T. 


Connty. 


Meridian 

Meridian 

Meridian 

Meridian  Tille.. 

Merino 

Merion  Square t. 

Merionville t. 

Meriwether h. 

Meriwether tp. 

Merom -p.T. 

Merrill. pJi. 

Merrill' tp.' 

Merrillon p.T. 

Merrillville p.v. 

Merrimac p.h. 

Merrimac p.tp. 

Merrimac p.tp. 

Merrimack .tp. 

Merrimack p.v. 

Merritt tp. 

Merritt .p.h. 

Merritt ..tp. 

Merrittstown... p.h. 

Merrow  Station......p.h. 

Merry  Hill tp. 

Merton ~ tp. 

Merton p.  v. 

Merton p.tp. 

Mertztown p.h. 

Mesa  City v. 

Meshoppen tp. 

Meshoppen p.b. 

Mesopotamia. tp. 

Mesopotamia .» p.T. 

Mestrezat p.T. 

Metal tp. 

Metamora tp. 

Metamora. p.T. 

Metamora. tp. 

Metamora p.T. 

Metamora. tp. 

Metamora p.T. 

Metamora p.T. 

Metcalfe p.fa. 

Methuen tp. 

Methuen p.T. 

Metomen p.tp 

Metropolis  City p.T. 

Metz p.T. 

Metz tp. 

Metz p.tp. 

Mexia p.T. 

Mexico p.T. 

Mexico tp. 

Mexico ....p.h. 

Mexico c. 

Mexico tp. 

Mexico p.T. 

Mexico p.T. 

Mexico p.T. 

Meyersdale p.b. 

Meyerstown h. 

Meyers  vllle T. 

Miami.... h. 

Miami tp. 

Miami p.y. 

Miami  .„ tp. 

Miami tp. 

Miami  .>. p.T. 

Miami  .„ tp. 

Miami tp. 

Miami tp. 

Miami ~p.T. 

Miami _tp. 

Miami tp. 

Miamisburg p.T. 

Miami  Station p.h. 

MlamlTllle p.T. 

Mlcanopy.. p.T. 

Miccosukee p.h. 

Michigamme._ tp. 

Michigamime... p.T. 

Michigan^ tp. 

Michigan _tp. 


JefTerson 

Steele.. 

Sullivan 

Morris 

Sutter 

McPherson 

Ingham 

Clinton 

Lauderdale 

Cayuga.. 

Bosque 

Dunn 

Madison 

Providence 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Meriwether , 

Edgefield 

Sullivan 

Plymouth 

Aroostook^ 

Jackson 

Lake 

JefTerson 

Essex 

Hillsborough... 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Yolo 

Scott 

Bay 

Fayette 

Tolland- 

Bertie 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Steele 

Berks 

Maricopa 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Trumbull 

Trumbull 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Fulton 

Edgar 

Essex 

Essex 

Fond  du  Lac ... 

Massac 

Steuben 

Presque  Isle-... 

Vernon 

Limestone 

Miami 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Audrain 

Oswego. 

Oswego 

Wyandot 

Juniata. 

Somerset 

Jefferson 

Morris >. 

PlnaU 

Cass 

Miami 

Miami 

Saline 

Saline 

Clermont........ 

Greene 

Hamilton- 

Hamilton- 

Logan 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery ... 

Carroll 

Clermont- 

Alachua. 

Leon 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Clinton.- 

La  Porte 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Minn.. 
N.  H.... 
N.  J-... 

Cal 

Kan .... 
Mich... 

Ill 

Miss.... 
N.  Y„.. 

Tex 

Wis.... 

Ala 

R.I.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ga 

8.O.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 

Me 

Wis.... 

Ind.... 

Iowa.. 

Mass.. 

N.  H_... 

Wis... 

Wis... 

Cal,... 

Ill 

Mich. 
Pa..... 
Conn. 
N.C-, 
Wis... 
Wis.., 
Minn 
Pa..... 
Arizona 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Mass... 
Mass... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich... 

Mo 

Tex 

Ind 

Me. 

Me 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y_., 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

W.Va. 

N.  J 

Arizona 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Kan- 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 
Fla ... 
FU..., 
Mich.. 
Mich., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 


730 


1,374 

1,612 

2,709 

249 


426 

'lis 


1,066 
766 


480 


1,114 
1,612 


648 


1,239 
■"796 


1,419 

1,718 

702 

1,222 


1,310 


2.969 


l.i 
2,490 


468 


2,602 
3,802 
1,204 


1,008 


726 
3,622 

742 
3,491 
2,784 
2,106 


1,768 

4,418 
1,426 


1,732 
4,688 


277 
809 
M 
99 

19« 
648 

1,630 
960 

4,006 
401 
396 

ai 

106 
485 

207 

127 

60 

8,645 

407 

29 

206 

1,003 

10« 

24 

2,237 

1,042 

829 

147 

637 

99 

690 

62 

98 

1,580 

1,677 

210 

766 

99 

161 

696 

664 

748 

239 

143 

1,702 

1,980 

828 

1,040 

341 

1,384 

236 

168 

60 

4,392 

1,116 

1,808 

2,668 

189 

100 

1,355 

1,298 

366 

403 

61 

8,836 

8,687 

1,273 

lU 

21ft 

1.428 

54 

145 

63 

895 

231 

1,206 

4,140 

813 

4,346 

2,733 

2,317 

876 

2,167 

6,084 

1,938 

28 

811 

438 

00 

1,124 

1,067 

2,214 

7,778 


841 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OP   1870   AND   1880  COMPARED. 


P1m«. 


C!oantjr. 


Michigan  Bar p. v. 

Michigan  Blnff p.T. 

Michigan  Centre...p.ii. 

Michigan  City c. 

Michigan  City p.h. 

Mlchigantown p.v. 

Mickleton p.h. 

Middle tp. 

Middle h. 

Middle  1 tp. 

Middle tp. 

Middle tp. 

Middleborough h. 

Middleborongh tp. 

Middleborough p.T. 

Middleborough h. 

Middleborough b. 

Middleboiirne p.T. 

Middle  Branch tp. 

Middlebrook p.T. 

Middlebrook p.T, 

Middlebrush h. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Middleburg„ tp. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Middleburg p.h. 

Middleburg tp. 

Middleburg t. 

Middleburg p.b. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Middleburg v. 

Middlebury p.tp. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury p.T. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury...., tp. 

Middlebury- p.T. 

Middlebury- tp. 

Middlebury- tp. 

Middlebury p.T. 

Middlebush p.h. 

Middle  Caflon h. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middle  Creek v. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middlefield p.tp, 

Middlefield tp. 

Middlefield p.tp, 

Middlefield p.tp, 

Middlefield .p.tp. 

Middlefield  Centre.p.h. 

Middleford p.T. 

Middle  Fork h. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork  of  Ivy.tp. 

Middle  Grove p.T. 

Middle  Grove p.T. 

Middle  Haddam....p.T. 

Middle  Island p.T. 

Middle  Kiowa h. 

Middle  Paxton tp. 

Middlepoint p.T. 

Middleport tp. 

Middleport p.T. 

Middleport p.T. 

Middleport p.b. 

Middle  Koad -.v. 

Middlesex p.tp. 

Middlesex tp. 

Middlesex tp. 

Middlesex p.T. 

Middlesex tp. 

Middlesex p.T. 

Middle  Smithfleld..tp. 

Middle  Spring p.T. 

Middloton p.h. 

Middlftton h. 

Middleton ..tp. 

Middleton p.T. 

Middleton P-tp. 

Middleton h. 

Middleton tp. 

Middleton h. 


Sacramento-.. 

Placer 

Jackson 

La  Porte 

Benton , 

Clinton 

Gloucester 

Hendricks.... 

Fmmett , 

Cape  May 

Chowan 

Orangeburg.. 

Wayne 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Warren 

Erie 

Tyler 

Osceola 

Iron 

Augusta. 

Dutchess 

Casey 

Carroll 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Vance 

Cuyahoga 

Noble 

Snyder 

Loudoun 

Outagamie  ... 
New  Haven— 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Shiawassee... 

Wyoming 

Knox 

Summit 

Tioga 

Addison- 

Addison 

Somerset 

Tooele 

Miami 

Wake 

Schuylkill.... 

Snyder 

Somerset 

Middlesex..., 
Buchanan..... 
Hampshire... 

Otsego 

Geauga 


Sussex 

Placer , 

Vermilion 

Ringgold 

Macon 

Worth 

Forsyth 

Madison 

Monroe 

Saratoga 

Middlesex 

Suffolk 

Elbert 

Dauphin 

Van  Wert 

Iroquois 

Niagara 

Meigs 

Schuylkill.... 

Suffolk 

Yates 

Butler 

Cumberland. 
Cumberland . 
Washington.. 
Washington- 
Monroe 

Cumberland . 

Ada 

Wayne 

Essex 

Essex 

Strafford  

Champaign... 
Columbiana  - 
Columbiana  . 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Cal.... 
Cal.... 
Mich. 
Ind... 
Miss. 
Ind... 
N.J., 
Ind... 
Mich, 
N.  J... 
N.  0- 
8. 0.., 
Ind.., 
Mass 
Mass. 

Ohio 

Pa 

W.  V»  - 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Va 

N.T 

Ky 

Md 

N.  Y — 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Va 

Wis 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

N.J. — 
Utah.... 

Kan 

N.  C 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Conn ... 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 

N.Y 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Del 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.C 

Mo ...... 

N.  Y 

Conn ... 
N.  Y-... 

Col 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill 

N.  Y..... 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.Y... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Idaho.. 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Mass  ... 
N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 


3,985 


315 


1,422 


3,443 
1,610 
1,104 


4,687 


126 
182 
49 


3,180 
863 


8,662 
116 
870 


696 
1,709 


1,018 
1,620 
929 
994 
1,500 
3,086 


650 
1,477 


574 

580 
1,053 

666 

728 
2,868 

732 


1,440 
457 

1,134 
279 

1,046 
793 


1,317 
119 

2,412 
731 

2,236 
377 


1,314 
1,010 
1,417 


1,171 


1,359 


1,010 


476 


1,327 


100 
468 
83 
7,366 
91 
342 
81 
1,828 
79 
2,575 
1,912 
1,663 
63 
6,237 
691 
45 
210 
241 
169 
108 
274 
61 
119 
116 
3,376 
1,123 
84 
4,a'>3 
102 
898 
419 
337 
687 
1,907 
602 
1,006 
1,822 
911 
1,687 
1,737 
2,993 
1,834 
84 
63 
1,260 
2,087 
131 
727 
680 
928 
647 
648 
2,726 
835 
89 
145 
45 
1,979 
704 
916 
768 
1,386 
1,197 
169 
144 
285 
283 
74 
1,443 
442 
2,211 
771 
3,032 
230 
106 
1,457 
1,100 
1,466 
126 
1,087 
141 
1,339 
121 
44 
47 
1,000 
379 
355 
85 
1,590 
96 


Place. 


Middleton tp. 

Middleton h. 

Middleton h. 

Middleton tp. 

Middleton p.T. 

Middleton  Station..p.T. 

Middletowu p.T. 

Middletown c. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown h. 

Middletown b. 

Middletown v. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown h. 

Middl  eto  wn p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown- p.T. 

Middletown t. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown v. 

Middletown p.T. 

Jliddletown tp. 

Middletown. h. 

Middletown h. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown b. 

Middletown p.b. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown. p.T. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middle  Valley pJ». 

Middleville -p.T. 

Middleville .p.tp, 

Middleville p.T 

Middleway .p.T, 

Midland tp. 

Midland p.T. 

Midland p.h. 

Midland tp. 

Midland  City p.T. 

Midland  Mine t. 

Midlothian p.T. 

Midlothian  Mines. v. 

Midville p.v. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway p.h. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway h. 

Midway p.tp, 

Midway t. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway p.tp. 

Midway tp. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway h. 

Mier p.T. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin p.T. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin.- - tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin p.h. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin p.v. 

Mifflinburg p.b. 

Mifflintown p.b. 

Mifflinville p.v. 

Milan tp. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 


Connty. 


State. 


Snmter 

Bntherford.... 
Washington... 

Dane 

Dane 

Hardeman 

Lake 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

New  Castle..., 

Henry , 

Owen 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Des  Moines.... 

Baltimore 

Frederick , 

Jackson 

Lafayette 

Montgomery . 
Monmouth..., 
Monmouth.... 

Morris 

Delaware 

Orange 

Richmond 

Saratoga 

Butler 

Wood 

Adams 

Alleghany.... 

Bncks 

Butler 

Danphln 

Delaware 

Susquehanna 

Newport 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Frederick 

Morris 

Barry 

Wright 

Herkimer-... 

Jefferson 

Midland 

Midland 

Crawford 1  Mo. 

Bergen.- N.  J. 

DeWitt I  111-. 

Alleghany Md.. 

Chesterfield Va... 

Alleghany Md . 

Burke I  Ga-. 

Bullock 

Spencer 

Woodford 

Jasper 

DaTidson 

Madison 

Washington.. 

Barnwell , 

Clarendon .... 

Madison 

Wasatch 

Augusta. , 

Grant 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Franklin 

Pike 

Richland 

Wyandot 

Alleghany.... 

Columbia 

Cumberland.. 

Dauphin 

Lycoming 

Henderson ... 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Union 

Juniata 

Columbia. 

De  Kalb 

Macon 

Rock  Island- 
Allen 

Ripley 

Monroe 

Washtenaw.- 


1870.      1880. 


8.  C  .„. 

Tenn. 

Utah.. 

Wis.... 

Wis... 

Tenn, 

Cal ..., 

Conn. 

Conn. 

Del..., 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Md.... 

Md... 

Minn ... 

Mo.. 

Mo.. 

N.  J-. 

N.J. 

N.J. 

N.Y. 

N.Y. 

N.Y, 

N.Y. 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Pa-.. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa..,. 

Pa 

R.  I 

Vt- 

Vt 

Va 

N.  J 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
N.  Y-... 
W.  Va- 
Mich.... 
Mich..,. 


Ala... 
Ind... 
Ky.,.. 
Mo... 
N.C. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

8.  C... 
S.C... 
Tex... 
Utah. 

Va 

Ind... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio., 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa-.,. 
Pa — 
Tenn 
Wis.., 
Wis.,, 
Pa — 
Pa-,.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.., 
Ind.., 
Mich,.- 
Mich 


866 
5,058 
1,029 
1,465 

614 
1,004 


1,490 


911 

867 


867 
322 


1,183 


1,420 


342 


1  In  1870,  including  Cape  May  Oltj. 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlMW. 


Milan  ...^ „..p.ta. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan .^tp. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan p.tp. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan p.  v. 

Milburn »..p.T. 

Miles .tp. 

Milesburg p.b. 

Miles  City p.r. 

Miles  Poiut .p.h. 

Milea  Pond— p.v. 

Miles  Station p.h. 

Milford p.tp 

Milford ....p.tp. 

Milford hnd. 

Milford p.v. 

Milford tp. 

Milford ....p.T. 

Milford ....T. 

Milford ....p.T. 

Milford ....tp. 

Milford tp, 

Milford ....p.tp, 

Milford T. 

Milford tp. 

Milford ...._tp. 

Milford. »p.T, 

Milford p.tp, 

Milford. p.tp. 

Milford. tp. 

Milford p.T. 

Milford p.tp. 

Milford p.tp. 

Milford p.v. 

Milford p.tp. 

Milford tp. 

Milford p.v. 

Milford tp. 

Milford p.v. 

Milford tp. 

Milford tp. 

Milford tp. 

Milford tp. 

Milford p.b. 

Milford  1 tp. 

Milford tp. 

Milford p.T. 

Milford tp. 

Milford p.v. 

Milford  Centre p.v. 

Milford  Junction. ..h. 

Milford  Square p.h. 

Military tp. 

Milks  GroTe tp. 

Mill tp. 

Mill tp. 

Millard. p.T. 

Millurd p.v. 

Millborough h. 

MiUbnie p.v. 

Millbridge p.tp. 

Millbrook p.h. 

Millbrook tp. 

Millbrook v. 

Millbrook p.tp. 

Millbrook p.h. 

Millbrook tp. 

Millbrook p.  v. 

Millbrook p.h. 

Millbrook p.h. 

Millbrook. p.tp. 

Millbiirg p.v. 

Millburn p.h. 

Millburn P.tp. 

Millburn v. 

Millbury p.tp. 

Millbury p.v. 

Mill  City p.T. 

Mill  Creek hnd. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek ^, 


Connty. 


Chippewa. 

SuIliTan 

Coos M. ^ 

Ooos 

DutcheM 

Erie 

Brie 

Gibson , 

Ballard 

Centre 

Centre , 

Custer. 

CarroU 

Essex 

Macoupin 

Lassen ..^ 

New  Haven 

Kent 

Kent „ 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Decatur ....„ 

Kosciusko. 

La  Grange 

Crawford 

Dickinson 

Montgomery 

Story 

Davis 

Davis 

Penobscot 

Worcester. 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Brown 

Barton 

Seward 

Hillsborongh 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Butler 

Clermont.. 

Defiance 

Knox 

Bucks 

Juniata. 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset , 

Ellis 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Union 

Kosciusko 

Bucks 

Winneshiek 

Iroquois 

Grant 

Tuscarawas 

Adair! 

Douglas 

Tyler 

San  Mateo 

Washington 

Kendall. 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Graham 

Graham 

Mecosta 

Mecosta 

Wayne 

Mercer 

Aiken 

Berrien 

Lake 

Essex , 

Broome 

Worcester. 

Wood 

Wyoming 

New  Castle 

Fountain 

Putnam 

Bourbon 

Pottawatomie 

Wabaunsee 

Washington 

Morgan 

Coshocton. 

Hamilton 


Stete. 


Minn. 

Mo 

N.H... 
N.H.. 
N.  T_., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
Tenn... 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa. , 

Mon,... 

Mo 

Vt 

Ill 

Cal 

Conn  ., 

Del 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Kan..,, 
Kan.... 

Me 

Mass... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Neb. 

N,  H 

N.  T 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..,, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio 

Md 

Pa. 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

Ind 

Ohio 

Mo 

Neb 

W.  Va.. 

Cal 

Me 

111. 

IlL 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich,... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.  0 

Mich..., 

Ill 

N,  J 

N.  T 

Mass.,., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Del 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan  ..,. 

Kan 

Kan...,, 

Mo. 

Ohio 

Ohio.,.. 


Population. 


1870,      1880. 


319 

710 


1,474 

2,210 

774 


314 

1,326 

600 


113 

3,406 

3,093 

1,160 

1,107 

230 

316 

432 

1,288 

663 


603 


827 
9,890 
1,767 


632 


2,606 
2,301 


1,828 

620 

1,666 

1,024 

2,900 

1,168 

746 

912 

1,409 


1,608 
'"372 


1,616 


1,623 
3,436 


1,668 
*i",OT6 


301 


1,280 


1,676 


3,302 

1,491 

492 

869 


697 

917 

686 

3,291 


28 

1,117 

896 

131 

1,276 

2,239 

797 

1,600 

309 

1,612 

643 

629 

61 

164 

38 

174 

3,347 

3,429 

1,240 

1,670 

612 

306 

492 

1,311 

834 

179 

236 

799 

697 

118 

734 

9,310 

2,200 

1,251 

728 

930 

402 

2,398 

2,319 

567 

1,884 

732 

1,460 

876 

2,975 

1,341 

983 

207 

1,776 

164 

1,460 

138 

490 

32 

77 

1,621 

722 

1,878 

6,614 

123 

131 

41 

196 

1,752 

76 

1,163 

220 

446 

72 

706 

211 

88 

94 

1,928 

113 

97 

1,743 

122 

4,741 

483 

169 

3,474 

1,918 

511 

891 

1,679 

521 

1,222 

1,631 

626 

11,286 


Plaoa. 


Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek p.v. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek* tp. 

Milldale p.v. 

MilledgeTille c. 

Milledgeville ....p.T, 

Milledgeville ....pji. 

Milledgeville ....p.v. 

Milledgeville p.T. 

Miller tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller ^. 

Miller ^. 

Miller ....tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller ....tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller  Mine t. 

Miller's ....p.T. 

Millersburg t. 

Mlllersburg. tp, 

Millersburg. p.T. 

Millersburg p.T. 

Millersburg t. 

Millersburg t. 


Millersburg. 

Millersburg.... 

Millersburg... 

Millersburg.... 

Millersburg.. 


......p.T, 

PV. 

P.h. 

p.h. 

.p.T. 


Millersburg t. 


p.b. 
.p.T. 

.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.h, 
.p.h. 
p.T. 


Millersburg 
Miller's  Comers. 
Miller's  Falls .... 

Miller's  Mills' 

Miller's  Place 

Millersport 

Miller's  Station,. 
Miller's  Station,. 

Millerstown 

Millerstown h. 

Millerstown h. 

Millerstown ....b. 

Millerstown ..'..p.b. 

Millers  ville. pJi. 

Millersville  _ ....p.v. 

Millers  ville ....p.h. 

Millersville. p.T. 

Millerton _p.T. 

Millerville p.tp. 

Mill  grove p.h. 

Mill  Grove tp. 

Mill  Grove p.h. 

Mill  Hall _...p,b. 

Millheim p.b. 

Millhousen p.v. 

Milliken's  Bend..„p,T. 

Millington p.T, 

Millington b, 

Millington t. 

Millington p.T. 

Millington p.h. 

Millington tp, 

Millington p.v. 

Millington p.v. 

Mill  Point p.h 


..p.h. 

,,.,p.T, 
..,p.h. 
...p.h. 
..p.tp. 


Millport.. 

Millport 

Millport 

Millport 

Mill  River.... 

Mill  Rock h, 

Mill  Bun p.v. 

Millsborough p.T. 

Mills  bo  rough p.T. 

Millsfleld. tp. 

Mill  Shoal tp. 

Mill  Shoals tp. 

Mill  Shoals p.T, 

Mill  Spring tp. 

Mill  Spring p.T. 

Millstadt p.T. 

Millston p.tp. 


Ooanty. 


Union 

WilllamB 

Clarion.. 

Erie 

Huntingdon 

Lebanon 

Lycoming. 

Mercer 

Warren. 

Baldwin. 

Carroll 

Boone 

Lincoln.. 

Fayette. 

La  Salle 

Dearborn 

Dallas., .....M 

Gentry 

Maries 

Marion,. 

Phelps 

Scotland 

Alexander. 

Knox 

Perry 

Alleghany 

Lawrence 

Bond 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Elkhart 

Warrick 

Whitley 

Iowa 

Bourbon 

Rice 

Callaway 

Holmes„ 

Berks 

Dauphin. 

Ontario 

Franklin 

Herkimer 

Suffolk 

Fairfield 

Lake 

Harrison 

Champaign 

Perry , 

Blair 

Butler , 

Perry 

Christian 

Cape  Girardeau ,. 
Sandusky,. 

Lancaster 

Dutchess 

Douglas 

Blackford. 

Steuben 

Erie 

Clinton.. 

Centre 

Decatur. 

Madison 

Kendall 

La  Salle 

Baltimore 

Kent 

Franklin 

Tuscola. 

Tuscola.. 

Morris. 

Pocahontas 

Knox 

Chemung 

Columbiana, 

Potter 

Henderson 

Jackson 

Fayette 

Sussex 

Washington 

Coos 

Macon 

White 

White 

Wayne 

Wayne 

St  Clair 

Jackson. 


Stat^ 


Ohio.... 
Ohio.., 

Pa. , 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa..... 
Pa...., 
Va-.... 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ind..,. 

Ky 

Ohio.. 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo. 

Mo 

N.  0... 
Ohio.,,, 

Pa. 

Md , 

Ohio 

ni 

111 

IlL.... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Ky.,.. 
Minn 
Mo„„ 
Ohio,, 
Pa..,. 

Pa 

N.T. 
Mass. 
N.T. 
N.  T.. 
Ohio.. 
Ind... 
Ohio. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio., 
Pa..., 
Pa...... 

Pa...... 

111. 

Mo 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

N.T_. 
Minn, 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
N.  T.. 
Pa..... 

Pa. 

Ind..., 

La 

Ill 

Ill 

Md .... 

Md .... 

Mass.. 

Mich.... 

Mich... 

N.  J.... 

W.Va., 

Mo. 

N.  Y... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

N.C 

Iowa... 

Pa 

Del 

Pa 

N.H... 
N.  0_.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Wis 


Popolatton. 


1870,      188a 


798 
1,181 

617 
2,744 


1,926 


1,086 

140 

2,750 


1,120 
648 

2,696 
769 

1,273 


1,246 
741 
902 
438 


1,134 


62 


676 


60 
1,467 


1,618 


207 
633 


286 


976 
'46*2 


613 


1,620 


'"28 
628 


887 

1,102 
807 

8,278 
288 

2,238 
386 
876 
148 

3,800 

216 

67 

160 

171 

1,171 

1,130 
674 

3,441 

1,038 

1,230 
932 

1,227 
890 
826 
379 
100 
2S0 
187 

1474 
240 
449 
106 
161 
221 
868 
27 
87 

1,814 
34» 

1,440 
200 
408 
166 
134 
180 
89 
22 
138 
84 
62 

1,108 
652 
44 
108 
62 

1,121 

600 

647 

76 

1,021 
68 
398 
677 
331 
166 
208 
47 

1,628 

444 

52 

1,641 

492 
112 
46 
62 

600 

92 

49 

1,754 

66 

109 

200 

260 
62 

671 
2,083 

263 
1,268 

174 
1,229 

40S 


1  In  1880,  excloslTe  of  Mflford  borough. 


*  In  1880,  excIosiTe  of  New  Lebanon, 


343 


FUPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PiMe. 


Oonnty. 


Millstone p.h. 

Millstone ~tp. 

Millstone p.v. 

Millstone p.tp. 

Milltown p.v. 

Milltown p.v. 

Milltown ..b. 

Milltown -tp. 

Milltown .tp. 

Millvale b. 

Mill  Village. p.v. 

Millvllle p.v. 

Mlllville p.v. 

Millville p.tp, 

Millvllle p.b. 

Millville p.v. 

Mlllville p.v. 

Millville c. 

Millville p.v. 

Millville V. 

Mlllville b. 

Millville p.v. 

Mlllville p.v. 

Millville h. 

Millville p.tp. 

Millwood p.h. 

Millwood tp. 

Millwood tp. 

Millwood p.h. 

Millwood tp. 

Millwood p.v. 

Millwood p.v. 

Millwood p.h. 

Milmine p.h. 

Milner p.v. 

Miluesville p.v. 

Milnesville ......p.h. 

Milo .p.tp. 

Milo tp. 

Mllo p.v. 

Milo ......tp. 

Mllo .p.v. 

Milo .tp. 

Milo tp. 

Milo  Centre p.v. 

Milpltas p.tp. 

Mllroy tp. 

Milroy ...p.v. 

Milroy. _.p.v. 

Milton ...p.h. 

Milton.. p.h. 

Milton p.v. 

Milton p.v. 

Milton tp. 

Milton >. p.v. 

Milton- tp, 

Milton h. 

Milton— p.v. 

Milton- p.v. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton— p.v. 

Milton— pl'n. 

Milton— p.tp. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton— tp. 

Milton .>. tp. 

Milton.» p.h. 

Milton- h. 

Milton- p.tp. 

Milton.- tp. 

Milton. tp. 

Milton.- p.v. 

Milton tp. 

Milton.- tp. 

Milton.- p.tp, 

Milton.- V. 

Milton.- tp. 

Milton— tp. 

Milton— V. 

Milton— p.b. 

Milton- p.h. 

Milton— V. 

Milton— p.tp. 

Milton h. 

Milton h. 

Milton p.v. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton tp. 

Milton— p.v. 

Miltona p.tp, 

Milton  Centre p.v. 

Milton  Grove -p.h. 

MUton  Mills p.v. 


844 


State. 


Washington-... 

Monmouth 

Somerset 

Elk 

Berrien 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Shawano 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Erie 

Shasto 

Heniy 

Clayton- 

Woodford 

Worcester- 

Wabasha 

Cumberland... 

Butler 

Delaware- 

Cambria 

Columbia— 

Cache 

Kane 

Grant 

Leavenworth.. 

Stearns 

Lincoln- 

Lincoln 

Guernsey 

Knox 

Westmoreland 

Collin 

Piatt 

Pike 

Luzerne 

Augusta 

Bureau 

Delaware- , 

Warren 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

Mille  Lacs 

Yates 

Yates 

Santa  Clara.- 

Jasper 

Bush ~.. 

Mifflin 

Calaveras— 

Litchfield- 

Sussex 

Santa  Rosa 

Du  Page 

Pike 

Jefferson 

Ohio 

Wayne 

Van  Bnren 

Butler 

Trimble- 

Oxford 

Norfolk 

Antrim- 

Cass 

Dodge 

Atchison 

Bandolph 

Strafford. 

Saratoga. 

Caswell 

Caswell , 

Ashland , 

Jackson , 

Mahoning... , 

Miami 

Wayne , 

Wood 

Armstrong 

Nortbnm^rland, 

Butherford 

Morgan 

Chittenden......... 

Albemarle 

Bichmond 

Cabell 

Buffalo 

Bock 

Bock- 

Douglas 

Wood 

Lancaster- 

Strafford 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Md 

N.  J-... 
N.  J  — 

Pa 

Ga 

Ind 

Pa 

Wis. 

Wis 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ibd 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 

N.  J 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah..., 
Utah.... 

Wis. 

Kan .... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo. 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Tex—.. 

HI 

Ga- 

Pa. 

Va.  — 

lU 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Me.... 

Me.... 

Minn 

N.T- 

N.Y- 

Cal ...... 

Ind 

Ind 

Pa- 

Cal 

Conn.... 
Del..;... 

Fla 

IlL 

ni 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 

Kan . 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  0 — 
N.  C — 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tenn ... 

Utah 

Vt 

Va- 

Va- 

W.  Va- 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

N.  H.... 


2,087 


173 


66 
668 


842 


6,101 


2^06 


402 


1,479 


l/»24 
122 


1,118 

767 


938 


183 
4,779 


666 
123 


824 
1,014 
2,176 

364 
1,976 


823 


223 
258 
8,683 
369 
694 
912 


1,598 
4,946 
2,752 


1,240 
2,372 
744 
455 
1,624 
1,464 


1,909 


2,062 


244 
2,010 


62 
2,080 
262 
209 
108 
106 
64 
485 
282 

1,824 
388 
263 
114 
994 
72 
928 
143 

7,660 
250 
100 

2,409 
875 
639 
22 
204 
21 
283 

1A07 
81 

1,984 

178 

147 

56 

79 

442 

672 

48 

990 

688 

100 

934 

342 

172 

6,766 
120 
786 
230 
332 
626 
87 
47 

1,026 

1,068 

2,300 
467 

1,913 
81 
855 
412 
469 
352 
270 

3,206 

654 

635 

957 

91 

69 

1,516 

6,565 

2,933 
613 

1,192 

3,404 


1,864 

2,181 

100 

2,102 

90 

159 

2,006 

69 

58 

377 

441 

1,794 

608 

162 

106 

72 

386 


Place. 


Coan^. 


MiltoDsbnrg ....p.v. 

Miltonville —p.v. 

Milwaukee p.v, 

Milwaukee —p.h, 

Milwaukee — c. 

Milwaukee —tp. 

Mina .p.tp. 

Minaville p.v. 

Minbum —p.v. 

Minden P-tp. 

Minden p.v, 

Minden tp. 

Miuden p.v, 

Minden tp. 

Miuden p.h. 

Minden p.tp, 

Mindenville p.v. 

Mine  Hill  Gap v. 

Mineola p.h. 

Mineola p.v. 

Mineola p.v. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral p.v. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral p.v. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral  City p.h. 

Mineral  Hill p.v. 

Mineral  Park p.v. 

Mineral  Point p.v. 

Mineral  Point p.v. 

Mineral  Point tp. 

Mineral  Point p.v. 

Mineral  Bidge p.v. 

Mineral  Spring . — v. 
Mineral  Springs, ...p.v. 
Mineral  Springs. ...tp. 
Mineral  Spring8,...tp. 
Miner's  Delight  ....p.h, 

Minerstown .....v. 

Minersville p.tp. 

Mlnersville p.T. 

Minersville t. 

Minersville p.b. 

Minerva tp. 

Minerva p.v, 

Minerva p.tp, 

Minerva p,v, 

Mineville -p.v. 

Mingo tp. 

Mingo p.tp. 

Mingo p.v. 

Mingo tp, 

Mingo  Junction.,,. p.v, 

Minier -p.v. 

Mining  City p.v. 

Minisink -p.tp. 

Minktown n. 

Minueapolis h. 

Minaeapolis p.v. 

Minneapolis c. 

Minneapolis tp. 

Mianeha -tp. 

Minneiska p.tp. 

Minneota tp. 

Minneola tp, 

Minneota p.v. 

Minnesota  City p.v. 

Minnesota  Falls.,,. tp, 
Minnesota  Falls.... p.v. 
Minnesota  Junct'n.p.v. 
Minnesota  Lake..,.tp. 
Minnesota  Lake... .p.v, 

Minnetonka tp. 

Minuetonka p.v. 

Minuetrista. p.tp. 

Miuong tp. 

Minonk tp. 

Minonk .p.v. 

Minooka -.p.v. 

Minor  Hill p.h. 

Minot p.tp. 

Minster p.v. 

Mintonsville p.tp. 

Mintonville p.h. 

Mintum .%..... ..p.h, 

Mirabile tp. 

Mirabile p.v, 

Misenheimer's tp. 

Misha  Mokwa p.h, 

Misha  waka p.v. 


State, 


Monroe- 

Butler 

Clackamas 

Lackawanna.., 

Milwaukee 

Milwaukee.... 
Chautauqua... 

Montgomery 

Dallas 

Pottawattamie..., 

Webster 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Benton 

Kearney 

Montgomery 

Montgoniery ...... 

Schuylkill 

Mills 

Queens 

Wood 

Plumas 

Bureau 

Bureau.- 

Cherokee 

Jasper 

Athens 

Venango 

Greene 

Eureka....- 

Mohave 

Tuscarawas. 

Cambria 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Trumbull- 

Barry 

Howard 

Moore 

Bichmond 

Sweetwater 

Lebanon  

Trinity 

Meigs. 

Huntingdon 

Schuylkill 

Marshall..... 

Mason 

Essex- 

Stark 

Essex 

Bates 

Sampson 

Champaign 

Williamsburg.-,,. 

Jefferson 

Tazewell 

Butler 

Orange 

New  Castle 

Lawrence 

Ottawa 

Hennepin- 

Hennepin- 

Sedgwick— 

Wabasha 

Jackson 

Goodhue 

Lyon 

Winona 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Yellow  Medicine 

Dodge 

Faribault- 

Faribault- 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Isle  Boyale 

Woodford- 

Woodford— 

Grundy 

Giles 

Androscoggin 

Auglaize 

Gates- 

Casey 

Lawrence  - 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Cabarrus 

Buffalo 

St  Joseph 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio 
Ohio. 
Oregon. 

Pa 

Wis, 

Wis.-,., 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

La 

Mich,,,. 
Mich 
Minn,,, 
Neb— 
N.  Y„, 
N.  Y-, 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
N.  Y„. 
Tex— 

Cal 

III. 

III-.,.. 
Kan- 
Mo .... 
Ohio-. 

Pa. 

Ind.,.. 
Nev .. 
Arizona 
Ohio — 

Pa. 

Wis, — 
Wis.-,,, 
Ohio — 

Mo 

Ark, — 
N.  C-.., 

N.  0 

Wy 

Pa 

Cal 

Ohio-.,, 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Iowa,  ,„ 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Ohio-.., 

N,  Y 

Mo 

N.  0-.„ 
Ohio-.,, 

S.  C 

Ohio-... 

Ill 

Ky 

N,  Y — 

Del 

Dakota. 
Kan.., 
Minn. 
Minn,. 
Kan.., 
Minn, 
Minn, 
Minn ... 
Minn  „, 
Minn  ,„ 
Minn .,. 
Minn  .„ 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ,„ 
Minn ,.. 
Mich.,,. 

Ill 

Ill- 

ni- 

Tenn  ... 

Me 

Ohio 

N.  0-„ 

Ky 

Ark. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C-... 

Wis 

Ind...... 


71,440 
3,096 
1,092 


466 


81 


4,600 


400 
1,034 


1,196 


13S 

166 

125 

91 

116,687 

3,47S 

1403 

166 

222 

699 

1.113 

871 

191 

207 

98 

6,100 

140 

lae 

86 
313 

1,176 
741 
997 
173 

1,144 

1,892 
100 
831 
31 
149 
318 
648 
134 

1,490 

2,916 

1,160 
189 
646 
787 

1,169 

42 

296 

371 

1,316 
248 

3,249 
762 
199 

1,162 
565 

2,561 
736 

1,623 
178 

1,371 
371 
600 
184 

1,360 
90 
35 

1,084 
13,066  46,887 
1,173 


1,660 
8,276 


637 
1,040 


3,699 
680 
159 
908 


789 
1,240 


627 


1,443 


393 

126 

1,089 


664 


626 


2,116 
1,122 


1,669 

868 

1,183 


931 


2,617 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Mishlcott tp. 

Mishicott .-...p.T 

Mispillion bnd. 

Mission tp. 

Mission tp. 

Mission tp. 

Mission tp. 

Mission  Creek p.tp. 

Mission  Creelt p.tp 

Mississinewa. tp. 

Mississippi tp. 

Mississippi tp. 

Mississippi tp. 

Mississippi  Bar t. 

Mississippi  City p. v. 

Missouri tp. 

Missouri tp. 

Missouri tp. 

Missouri  City p.v. 

Missouri  Valley.....p.v. 

Mitcliell p.v. 

Mitchell p.T. 

Mitchell tp. 

Mitchell p.v. 

Mitchell tp. 

Mitchell's tp. 

Mltchellsburg p.v. 

Mitchelltree tp.. 

Mitchellville p.v. 

Mittineague .p.v. 

Mixersville p.h. 

Moberly c. 

Mobile  1 c. 

Mobley tp. 

Moccasin p.tp, 

Mocksville tp. 


Connty. 


,...p.v. 
...p.h. 
,...p.h. 
..p.h. 
...p.v. 

...p.tp, 

....p.v. 
...p.v. 


M< 
Ml 


Mocksville 

Mode 

Modena 

Modena 

Modena 

Modena 

Modesto 

Modest  Town 

Modoc 

Moe p.tp. 

Moffat tp. 

Moffat p.v. 

Mogadore ta. 

Mogadore p.v. 

Mohawk p.v. 

Mohawk p.v, 

Mohawk tp. 

Mohawk  Village  ...p.h. 

Mohegan p.v. 

Mohican tp. 

Moliican p.v. 

Mohon p.h. 

Mohrsville p.v. 

Moingoua p.v. 

Moira p.tp. 

Mokelumne  Hill. ..p.v. 

Mokena p.v. 

Moline  „ c 

Moliue p.h. 

Molino p.v. 

Molltown p.h. 

Moltke tp. 

Moltke„ p.tp. 

Molunkus tp. 

""omenco tp. 

iomence p.v. 

^ona tp. 

ona p.v. 

Mona p.v. 

Monagan tp. 

Monaghan tp. 

Monches p.h. 

Monclova. p.tp. 

MoDdamin p.v. 

Monday  Creek tp. 

Mondovi p.v. 

Monee tp. 

Monee p.y. 

Money  Creek.- p.tp. 

Money  Creek p.tp. 

Mongaup p.v. 

Mongo p.h. 

Mongtown v. 

Mongtiagon tp. 

Monhegan isl. 


Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Kent 

La  Salle 

Brown 

Neosho 

Shawnee 

Wabaunsee 

Pine 

Darke 

Sacramento..... 

Jersey 

Mississippi 

Sacramento...., 

Harrison 

Brown 

Boone 

Chariton 

Clay 

Harrison 

Davison , 

Lawrence 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Sheboygan 

Bertie 

Boyle 

Martin 

Polk 

Hampden 

Franklin 

BandoIph.„.... 

Mobile 

Edgefield- 

Effingham 

Davie 

Davie 

Shelby 

Stark 

Mercer 

Chester 

Buffalo 

Stanislaus 

Accomack 

Butler 

Douglas- 

Bay 

Bell 

Genesee 

Summit- 

Plumas 

Herkimer 

Montgomery., 

Coshocton , 

Providence..., 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Bourbon 

Berlcs 

Boone , 

Franklin 

Calaveras 

Will 

Rock  Island-. 

Elk 

Escambia 

Berks 

Presqne  Isle.. 

Sibley 

Aroostook 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Ford 

Mitchell 

Juab 

St.  Clair 

York 

Waukesha.... 

Lucas 

Harrison 

Perry 

Buffalo 

Will 

Will 

McLean 

Houston 

SuUivau. 

La  Grange ... 

Clarion , 

Wayne 

Lincoln  


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


Wi«.. 
Wis.. 
Del.. 
111-.. 
Kan.. 
Kan 
Kan.-... 

Kan 

Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ill 

Mo 

Cal 

Miss 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Dak 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa... 
Wis.-.. 
N.O.... 

Ky 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Mass.... 

Ind 

Mo 

Ala 

8. 0 

Ill 

N.C 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo.... 

Pa 

Wis... 
Cal... 
Va.... 
Pa.... 
Minn 
Mich. 
Tex... 
N.T- 
Ohio., 

Cal 

N.  T 

N.  Y — 

Ohio 

B.I 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Kan-... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y-... 

Cal 

Ill- 

Ill 

Kan-.- 

Fla 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Me 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Utah.... 

Mo 

Pa. 

Wis 

Ohio..... 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
N.  Y-... 

Ind 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Me 


1^1 


3,478 
1,696 


1,732 


445 


798 
171 


357 


252 

1,145 

2,812 

820 

672 


1,087 
1,228 

829 
1,124 

856 


1,026 


1,514 
32,034 
1,278 
1,088 
1,658 
300 


621 


1,404 
3,015 


1,661 


2,064 


4,166 


61 
1,291 


366 


1,434 
1,028 


833 


1,165 


1,600 


999 
609 


1,475 
146 


1,668 

159 

4,334 

1,617 

1,789 

2,266 

796 

1,068 

71 

1,506 

384 

1,029 

1,091 

220 

266 

1,020 

3,443 

1,151 

681 

1,154 

320 

1,439 

1,184 

295 

1,178 

1,358 

239 

1,169 

745 

642 

83 

6,070 

29,132 

2,896 

1,123 

1,764 

662 

66 

76 

53 

126 

811 

1,693 

128 

127 

669 

69 

124 

92 

608 

100 

1,441 

2,943 

86 

257 

1,693 

141 

69 

267 

969 

2,264 

616 

522 

7,800 

79 

219 

69 

490 

145 

76 

1,213 

1,037 

744 

165 

397 

1,321 

1,055 

60 

1,031 

158 

1,636 

295 

1,594 

603 

1,104 

764 

270 

99 

147 

2,301 

133 


Place. 


Connty. 


Monica p.v. 

Moniteau- tp. 

Moniteaa tp. 

Moniteau- tp. 

Monitor tp. 

Monkton ...- ....tp. 

Monkton p.v. 

Monmouth tp. 

Monmouth c. 

Monmouth p.b. 

Monmouth- tp. 

Monmouth  ..........p.v. 

Monmouth.- p.h. 

Monmouth tp. 

Monmouth  - tp. 

Monmouth -.p.v. 

Monmouth  - p.v. 

Monmouth  Beach  -v. 

Monon - p.tp. 

Monon p.v. 

Monona tp. 

Monona p.v. 

Monona  Flat h. 

Mononcus h. 

Mouongahela- tp. 

Monongahela  City  ..p.b. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.h. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe - tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe 4>. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Mon  roe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe c. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. ' 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 


Peoria.............. 

Cooper............ 

Howard- 

Bandolph— 

Bay 

Addison 

Addison.......... 

Warren 

Warren-.. 

Adams 

Jackson 

Jackson >... 

Crawford 

Shawnee 

Kennebec- 

Kennebec...... 

Polk 

Monmouth..... 

White 

White 

Clayton- 

Clayton- 

Placer 

Wyandot 

Greene 

Washington-.. 

Colusa 

Fairfield. 

Walton 

Ogle 

Adams 

Adams 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Delaware 

Grant 

Howard 

Jefferson 

Kosciusko- 

Madison 

Morgan 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Patnam-.....«, 

Randolph  ...... 

Washington-.. 

Benton.- 

Butler 

Fremont ., 

Jasper. 

Johnson 

Linn 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Monroe 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Wayne 

Anderson....... 

Ouachita 

Waldo 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe- 

Newaygo 

Lyon 

Andrew 

Daviess.- 

Lincoln- 

Livingston .... 

Monroe- 

Grafton 

Gloucester 

Middlesex 

Orange 

Orange 

Guilford. 

Union 

Union 

Adams 

Allen 

Ashtabula 

Butler 

Carroll 

Clermont. 

Coshocton-...., 

Darke 

Guernsey- 

Harrison 

Henry 


8tat«. 


Popalatton. 


ma     1880. 


IlL.- 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mich. 

Vt_ 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..„ 
Iowa.... 
Kan-... 
Kan  — 

Me 

Me 

Oregon. 

N.J 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Cal.... 
Ohio- 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Cal.... 
Conn 
Ga.... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind-. 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind.., 
Ind.., 
Ind... 
Ind.., 
Ind.., 
Ind.., 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

La 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H-... 
N.  J.-... 
N.  J.-... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

N.C 

N.  0 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio — 


1,373 
2,317 


668 
1,006 


6,236 
4,662 


1,137 


713 
1,744 


969 


1,424 

1,078 

1,130 

1,226 

438 

923 

960 


1,479 

910 

1,863 

1,247 

1,047 

891 

1,760 

990 

2,221 

1,467 

1,820 

1,418 

1,608 

1,662 

1,068 

769 

644 

901 

"1*034 
868 
496 
1,258 
773 
268 


687 
2,044 
1,949 
1,376 

201 
6,086 
1,003 


729 
2,616 
716 
880 
632 

''3,26'3 
4,666 


840 
2,386 

448 
1,304 
1,739 
1,419 


931 

2,088 
832 
1,226 
1,018 
1,012 
668 


119 

1,539 

2,499 

1,472 

931 

1,025 

152 

6,420 

6,000 

79 

1,594 

309 

99 

1,176 

1,520 

341 

267 

548 

1,216 

288 

1,623 

420 

4T 

60 

930 

2,904 

1,879 

1,157 

630 

968 

1,634 

97 

1,612 

1,666 

1,887 

1,433 

1,287 

1,159 

1,361 

1,026 

2,64« 

1,638 

2,11S 

1,774 

1,477 

1,875 

1,075 

829 

891 

985 

982 

941 

1,192 

760 

1,264 

763 

646 

1,012 

648 

2,144 

2,070 

1,366 

166 

4,930 

1,018 

362 

281 

1,172 

869 

1,944 

961 

1,130 

604 

1,858 

3,017 

6,096 

469 

906 

4,061 

1,664 

1,400 

2,182 

1,469 

365 

1,283 

2,101 

1,008 

1,400 

1,080 

1,364 

1,148 


23 


^  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


846 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED 


PlMse. 


Monroe. .............Mtp. 

Monroe ^^.tp. 

Monroe ....tp. 

Monroe ..tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe ^..tp. 

Monroe ^,tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe ....tp. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe ....tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.T. 

Monroe ....tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe b. 

Monroe h. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.T. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe t. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.T. 

Monroe  Centre-.  ...p.h. 

Monroe  City ....p.h. 

Monroe  City t. 

Monroe  City „.p.T. 

Monroeville p.T. 

MonroeTllIe p.T. 

MonroeTille p.T. 

MonroeTllIe h. 

MonroTia p.T. 

MonroTia. p.T. 

Monsey p.T. 

Monson p.tp. 

Monson p.tp. 

Montague p.tp. 

Montague tp. 

Montague p.T. 

Montague P-tp. 

Montague p.tp. 

Montague p.T. 

Montana tp. 

Montana  » tp. 

Montana p.T. 

Montana- t. 

Montana p.tp. 

Montauk h. 

Montcalm tp. 

Montclair p.tp. 

Monte  Bello M»tp. 

Montello tp. 

Mon  telle p.T. 

Monterey p.T. 

Monterey b. 

Monterey p.T. 

Monterey p.b. 

Monterey p.T. 

Monterey p.tp. 

Monterey p.tp. 

Monterey p.T. 

Monterey tp. 

Monterey t. 

Monterey p.T. 

Monterey „...p.T. 

Monterallo p.T. 

MonteTallo tp. 

MonteTallo p.T. 

MonteTideo p.T. 

Montezuma tp. 

Montezuma p.b. 

Montezuma p.T. 

Montezuma. tp. 

Montezuma p.h. 

Montezuma p.T. 

Montezuma p.v. 

Montezuma tp. 

Montezuma p.T. 

Montford  CoTe tp. 

Montfort p.h. 

Montgomery c. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery  i tp. 


Oounty. 


Holmes........ 

Knox........... 

Licking 

Logan 

Madison 

Miami 

Muskingum. 

Perry 

Pickaway  „.. 

Preble 

Putnam , 

Bichland 

Benton , 

Bedford 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Clarion.- 

Clarion- 

Cumberland . 

Juniata 

Snyder , 

Wyoming-.., 

Wyoming 

Adams 

Green , 

Green 

Ashtabula 

Monroe 

Knox ..., 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Allen 

Huron 

Jefferson 

Morgan 

Atchison 

Rockland 

Piscataquis... 

Hampden 

Franklin 

Muskegon .... 
Muskegon .... 

Sussex 

Lewis 

Montague 

Jewell 

Labette 

Lat>ette- 

Columbia , 

Buffalo 

Hamilton 

Montcalm-... 

Essex 

Hancock 

Marquette.... 
Marquette.... 
Monterey.-... 

Fulton 

Pulaski 

DaTis 

Owen 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Schuyler 

Putnam 

Lancaster 

Highland 

Waukesha..., 

Shelby 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Chippewa 

Solano 

Tuolumne.... 

Macon 

Pike 

Pike 

Parke 

Poweshiek ... 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

McDowell 

Grant 

Montgomery 

Crawford 

Kane 

Woodford-.., 

DaTiess 

Gibson 

Jennings 


State. 


Ohio 

921 

Ohio 

1,087 

Ohio 

1,119 

Ohio 

1,372 

Ohio 

463 

Ohio-... 

2,7M 

Ohio 

876 

Ohio .... 

1,120 

Ohio-... 

1,870 

Ohio 

1,631 

Ohio 

461 

Ohio 

1,572 

Oregon. 



Pa 

1,719 

Pa. 

1,221 

Pa. 

293 

Pa. 

Pa 

1,334 

Pa. 

Pa 

1,832 

Pa. 

1,078 

Pa 

1,126 

Pa. 

974 

Pa 

Wis 

416 

Wis-.... 

4,636 

Wis 

3,408 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ind 

„... 

Mo 

363 

Ala 

Ind 

630 

Ohio 

1,344 

Ohio 

Ind 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Me 

604 

Mass.... 

3,204 

Mass 

2,224 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

N.J 

932 

N.  T 

718 

Tex 

Kan 

Kan 

783 

Kan..... 

Pa. 

Wis 

608 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

1,006 

N.  J. 

2,863 

Ill 

1,111 

Wis 

834 

Wis. 

,, 

Cal 

lU 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mass.... 

663 

Mich.... 

1,284 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

979 

Pa. 

Va 

Wis 

Ala 

Mo. 

1,349 

Mo 

Minn ... 

Cal 

347 

Cal 

Ga. 

Ill 

1,498 

Ill 

Ind 

624 

Iowa.... 

665 

N.Y 

1,292 

N.  Y 

473 

N.  C 

647 

Wis.-... 

,,,,, 

Ala 

10,688 

Ill- 

1,792 

Ill- 

Ill 

652 

Ind 

136 

Ind 

3,121 

Ind 

1,326 

Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,064 

1,031 

1,339 

1,303 

650 

2,829 

980 

1,780 

1,880 

1,986 

788 

1,888 

135 

1,911 

1,388 

383 

90 

1,161 

249 

1,905 

1,125 

1,177 

1,171 

136 

448 

4,195 

3,293 

48 

92 

401 

640 

122 

678 

1,221 

65 

318 

108 

237 

827 

3,768 

4,876 

1,950 

1,297 

1,022 

976 

328 

788 

871 

123 

250 

847 

80 

1,724 

6,147 

1,970 

950 

394 

1,396 

33 

144 

43 

236 

635 

1,533 

276 

1,354 

149 

154 

125 

402 

1,095 

225 

862 

619 

42 

440 

1,478 

98 

781 

921 

1,294 

448 

798 

64 

16,713 

1,941 

209 

902 

155 

3,180 

770 


Place. 


Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery p.tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery h. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.T. 

Montgomery p.tp. 

Montgomery  City. p.T. 
MontgomeryStat'n..p.T. 

Mouticello p.T. 

Monticello p.T. 

Montlcello p.T. 

Monticello tp. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello tp. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello p.tp. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello p.tp. 

Mouticello tp. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello b. 

Monticello p.T. 

Monticello p.T. 

Mouticello tp. 

Montmorency tp. 

Montmorency p.h. 

Montour p.T. 

Montour tp. 

Montour t. 

Montour tp. 

Montour  City -t. 

MontoursTiUe -p.b. 

Montpelier p.T. 

Montpelier.- p.T. 

Montpelier tp. 

Montpelier- p.T. 

Montpelier- tp. 

Montpelier p.T. 

Montpelier p.tp. 

Montrose p.T. 

Montrose tp. 

Montrose p.T. 

Montrose p.tp, 

Montrose p.T. 

Montrose p.T, 

Montrose 

Montrose 

Montserrat.. 
MontTille.... 
MontTille.... 

MontTille p.^, 

MontTille tp. 

Monument p.T. 

Monument p.T. 

Monument  City p.h. 

Monuquet h. 

Moody tp. 

Mooers —tp. 

Mooers p.T. 

Mooers  Forks p.T. 

MooleyTille p.b. 

Moon p.tp. 

Moon tp. 

Mooney tp. 

Moon's tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moorefleld tp. 

Moorefield tp. 

Moorefleld p.T. 


.p.b 
..p.tp. 

..p.T 
.p.tp. 
.p.tp. 


(kmntj. 


Owen-. 

Trigg , 

Hampden 

Hillsdale 

Muskegon 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Hickory 

Montgomery .. 

Wright. 

Somerset 

Orange 

Orange 

Ashland 

Hamilton— 

Marion— 

Wood- 

Franklin 

Indiana 

Montgomery.., 
Montgomery... 

Franklin 

Montgomery... 

Lycoming 

Drew 

Napa. 

Jasper 

Piatt 

Piatt 

White 

Jones 

Jones 

Johnson 

Wayne 

Aroostook 

Wright 

Wright 

Lewis 

Otsego 

SulliTan 

Green 

Lafayette 

Whiteside 

Tippecanoe.... 

Tama 

Schuyler , 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Alleghany 

Lycoming 

Bear  Lake 

Blackford 

Muscatine 

Williams 

Washington.... 
Washington-., 

Kewannee 

Effingham 

Lee 

Lee 

Genesee 

Wright 

Henry , 

Susquehanna.. 

Dane 

Johnson 

New  London ., 

Waldo 

Geauga. 

Medina— 

El  Paso 

Barnstable 

Huntington  -.. 

Kosciusko 

Marion.. 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Breckenridge.. 

Alleghany 

BeaTer 

Polk 

Newberry 

Sanilac 

SteTens 

Oregon 

Shannon 

Northampton .. 

Clark 

Harrison 

Harrison 


State. 


Ind 

Ky...... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

Vt 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ark 

Oal 

Ga- 

Ill 

ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.Y-... 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill- 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y„... 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Idaho... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Ohio-... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

m- 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Pa 

Wis-... 

Mo 

Conn.... 

Me 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Col 

Mass.... 

Ind 

Ind 

S.C 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

S.  C 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


808 

'si's 


1,676 


2,066 

4,636 

960 

4,029 


1,461 

1,636 

3,611 

932 

922 


1,423 


1,840 
871 
887 
2,241 
1,337 
1,093 


760 
903 


301 

"ni 


480 
668 


1,828 
""627 
Xo48 


736 
3*,023 
'"877 


3,387 
905 
806 


1,463 
1,166 


2,496 

1,467 

705 

1,097 


985 
4,634 


1,230 

936 

1,260 

1,613 

112 


921 

286 

2,938 

1,268 

1,117 


846 


t  In  1872,  part  to  LoTett. 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUee. 


Moorefleld p.h. 

Moorefleid p.T. 

Mooreland tp. 

Moore  Park p.b. 

Mooresburg p.T. 

Muoresfleld ....T. 

Moore's  Flat p.T. 

Moore'a  Hill p.T. 

Moore's  Prairie p.tp, 

Moorestown p.T, 

Moorestown- p.h. 

MooresTllle p.T. 

Mooreeville t. 

MooresTille p.T. 

MooresTllIe tp. 

Mooreerille  - p.T. 

MooresTllle p.T. 

MooreeTllle ....b. 

HooreTllle p.h. 

HooreTlUe t. 

MoorsTille p.b. 

Moorland.. tp. 

Moorland„ p.b. 

Moose  Lake tp. 

Moose  Lake p.T. 

Moose  RiTer p.tp. 

Mooaic p.T. 

Mora ~ p.T. 

Moral tp. 

Moran p.T. 

Moran tp. 

Moran „ p.tp. 

MoraTia. p.T. 

Moravia » tp. 

Moravia p.T. 

Moreaa„ tp. 

Morean tp. 

Morean tp. 

Morean tp. 

Morehead.. p.T. 

Morehead tp. 

Morehead  Olty tp. 

Morehead  City p.T. 

Morehead  8tation...h. 

Morehouse „..tp. 

Mureland  1 tp. 

Moreland.. p.tp. 

Morelaw tp. 

Morenci p.T. 

Moretown p.tp. 

Morey p.h. 

MoreysTllle .^.b. 

MorfordsTllle».......p.h. 

Morgan p.T. 

Morgan.. tp. 

Morgan ....tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan- tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan ...._ tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan^..... ....tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

Morgan ...tp. 

Morgan „..p.T. 

Morgan- p.T. 

Morgan p.tp. 

Morgan  City ....p.T. 

Morganfleld- ....p.T. 

Morgan  Park p.T. 

Morganton tp. 

Murganton p.T. 

M  orgautOD p.T. 

Morgantown ....p.T. 

Morgantown ....p.T. 

Morgantown p.T. 

Morgantown p.T. 

MorganTlUe ....p.b. 

Moriah ...........tp. 

Moriah..... ....p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Nicholas 

Hardy 

Montgomery... 

St.  Joseph 

Montour 

Washington.... 

Nevada 

Dearborn 

Jefferson 

Burlington 

Northampton . 

Limestone 

Floyd 

Morgan 

LlTingston 

Livingston 

Iredell 

Huntingdon.... 

Tama 

Washtenaw 

Lee 

Muskegon 

Wayne 

Carlton 

Carlton 

Somerset 

Lackawanna... 

Mora. 

Shelby 

Clinton 

Mackinac , 

Todd , 

Appanoose , 

Cayuga 

Cayuga. 

Cole 

Moniteau 

Morgan 

Saratoga 

Bowan 

Guilford 

Carteret 

Carteret 

Neosho 

Hamilton 

Scott , 

Lycoming 

Graham 

Lenawee 

Washington.... 

Nye 

CaiToIl 

Johnson , 

Calhoun 

Coles , 

Harrison 

Owen , 

Porter 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Woodbury , 

Redwood 

Dade , 

Mercer— 

Bowan 

Rutherford 

Ashtabula. 

Butler 

Gallia 

Knox 

Morgan.. 

Scioto 

Greene 

Bosque 

Morgan 

Orleans 

St  Mary 

Union 

Cook 

Burke 

Burke 

Fannin- 

Morgan 

Butler , 

Berks , 

Monongalia-.. 

Dade ~..„ 

EsseZ'- 

Essex  ........... 


State. 


^Va. 

Pa 

Mich... 

Pa. 

B.I 

Cal 

Ind 

Ill 

N.  J.... 

Pa 

Ala...., 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C..., 

Pa 

Iowa. ., 
Mich.., 
Misa.... 
Mich... 
Ohio.., 
Minn ., 
Minn ., 

Me 

Pa 

N.Mex. 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 
Minn .. 
Iowa. .., 
N.  T... 
N.  T-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y... 

Ky 

N.  0..... 
N.  C... 

N.O 

Kan... 
N.  Y... 

Mo 

Pa 

Kan  ... 
Mich..., 

Vt 

NeT... 
Ohio-.., 
Iowa... 

Ga, 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo. 

N.  C 

N.  0.-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa. , 

Tex , 

Utah.... 

Vt 

La. 

Ky 

Ill 

N.a..., 

N.O 

G*. 

Ind 

Ky 

Pa , 

W.Va.. 

Qa. 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y...., 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


2,207 


617 
1,260 


1,229 
1,002 


194 

""si 


104 


1,720 


373 


161 
2,169 


620 
1,084 
2,168 
2,266 


2,104 

1,168 

267 


186 

2,613 

816 


1,263 


126 

818 

1,426 

1,031 

679 


629 
240 
464 


2,114 
2,107 
1,064 

731 
1,083 
1,807 
1,403 

645 
2,186 

768 
1,101 


614 


800 


2,221 
664 


797 


4,683 


72 

654 

1,746 

64 

100 

107 

469 

333 

1,214 

1,497 

64 

183 

164 

864 

1,112 

172 

608 

48 

46 

105 

64 

409 

61 

613 

100 

102 

600 

916 

1,814 

121 

306 

464 

173 

2,699 

1,540 

1,736 

1,365 

3,046 

2,655 

163 

2,699 

1,365 

620 

62 

181 

1,371 

828 

381 

1,209 

1,180 

92 

44 

65 

111 

895 

1,391 

918 

708 

464 

601 

484 

711 

63 

66 

1,679 

2,857 

1,180 

713 

1,223 

1,884 

1,466 

728 

2,005 

1,019 

1,035 

347 

433 

711 

2,015 

744 

187 

2,966 

861 

143 

609 

204 

166 

746 

60 

7,379 

1,870 


Place. 


Moriah  Centre p.T. 

Moriah  Comera....T. 

Morlcbee. ......p.T. 

Moritzius. T. 

Morley p.T, 

Morley tp. 

Morley ...p.T. 

Morning  Star. tp. 

Morning  Sun. tp. 

Morning  Sun. p.T, 

Morning  Sun. p.T, 

Moro p.b. 

Moro. tp. 

Moro. p.T. 

Moro- p.tp. 

Morocco p.T. 

Moroni p.T. 

Morrellville T. 

Morrelsville t. 

Morrice p.T. 

Morrill tp. 

Morrill. ....p.tp. 

Morrillton p.T. 

Morris......... p.tp, 

Morris tp. 

Morris p.T. 

Morris p.T. 

Morris. tp. 

Morris.. tp. 

Morris p.T. 

Morris* tp. 

Morris.. tp. 

Morris.. tp. 

Morris.. tp. 

Morris.. tp. 

Morris.. p.T. 

Morris. tp. 

Morris ^. 

Morris.. tp. 

Morris tp. 

Morris.- tp. 

Morris tp. 

Morrisdale  Minee..p.T. 

Morrison p.T. 

Morrison p.T. 

Morrison p.T. 

Morrison p.T. 

Morrison. p.tp 

MorrisonTille p.T. 

Morristown. p.h. 

Morrlstown. t. 

Morristown- p.T. 

Morristown tp. 

Morristown p.T. 

Morristown- p.T. 

Morristown tp. 

Morriatown.........p  .t. 

Morristown p.T. 

Morristown- p.T. 

Morristown tp. 

Morristown. p.h. 

Morrisville. h. 

Morris  ville.. ,...p.T. 

MorrisTille.- p.T. 

Morrisville- p.T. 

MorrlsTille.. p.b. 

MorrisTille p.b. 

Morro tp. 

Morro p.T. 

Morrow ....tp. 

Morrow tp. 

Morrow p.T. 

Morse p.b. 

Morton. tp. 

Morton. ...p.T. 

Morton- tp. 

Morton ...tp. 

Morton ...tp. 

Morton- p.b. 

Morton. ...tp. 

Morton p.T. 

Morton's  Gap p.T. 

Mortonsville ...p.T. 

MortonTille. h. 

MortouTiUe. p.T. 

Morven p.tp. 

Mosalem tp. 

Moscow p.h. 

Moecow.......... p.b. 

Moscow........ p.T. 

Moscow. tp. 


Oonnty. 


Essex 

Essex 

Suffolk 

Wright. 

Mecosta. , 

Scott....... 

Scott 

Mecklenburg.... 

Louisa , 

Louisa 

Preble 

Lee 

Madison 

Madison 

Aroostook , 

Newton , 

San  Pete 

Cambria , 

Saline 

Shiawassee 

Brown 

Waldo , 

Conway. 

Litchfield.......... 

Griindy. , 

Grundy. 

Ripley 

Sumner , 

SteTens.. , 

SteTens 

Carroll 

SulllTan.. 

Texas........ 

Morris 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Knox 

Clearfield 

Greene 

Huntingdon , 

Tioga 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Jefierson 

Whiteside 

Grundy 

Gasconade 

Brown 

Christian 

Henry 

Randolph 

Shelby 

Rice 

Rice 

Morris 

St.  Lawrence .... 
St.  Lawrence .... 

Belmont 

Hamblen 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Calhoun 

Polk 

Madison 

Wake.... 

Clinton.. 

Bucks 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Luis  Obispo  - 

Adair 

Macon 

Warren , 

Johnson , 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Page 

Sedgwick 

Mecosta. , 

Ray 

Alamance..... 

Delaware 

Hopkins , 

Woodford 

Carroll 

Cheeter...- 

Anson 

Dubuque , 

Lamar 

Nes  Percea 

Bush 

Muscatine 


Bute. 


Population. 


1870.     ISW. 


N.Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Mich.... 

Mo ...... 

Mo 

N.a.... 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ark. 

III 

Ill 

Me 

Ind 

Utah... 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich... 
Kan... 

Me 

Ark 

Conn.... 

HI 

111. 

Ind. 

Kan... 

Minn 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Mo.,.. 

Mo... 

N.J„ 

N.Y. 

N.  Y., 

Ohio — 

Pa. , 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Col 

IlL 

Iowa.... 

Mo , 

Wis. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn... 
Minn ... 
N.  J...., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Tenn  ... 

Vt 

Vt 

Ala...... 

Mo 

N.  Y..„ 
N.O... 

Ohio 

Pa.. 

Cal ...... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo. 

Ohio 

Iowa... 

Ill 

lU. 

Iowa.... 
Kan..... 
Mich... 

Mo 

N.  0.... 

Pa 

Ky. 

Ky 

Ind. 

Pa. 

N.O 

Iowa.... 
Ala. — 
Idaho.. 

Ind 

Iowa... 


018 

1,268 

314 


633 


623 


701 
3,261 
3,138 


3,831 
964 

539 
6,674 
2,263 


860 

1,480 

1,296 

688 

423 

1,060 


1,169 


1,090 


1,964 


423 
'i',897 


670 


813 
627 


877 


708 


1,228 


794 


1,326 
07S 


1,083 


17* 

aoe 

260 
104 
299 

828 
232 

1,603 

1,734 

812 

171 

61 

1,249 
138 
171 
174 
838 
660 
106 
229 
972 
404 
770 
627 

3,671 

3,486 
684 
322 
260 
743 

1,768 
000 

1,080 

6,837 

2,404 
768 
833 

1^969 

1,390 
678 
622 

1,161 
400 
186 

1,981 
116 
118 

1,643 
748 
44 
206 
376 

1,422 
617 

6,418 

2,186 
397 
434 

1,360 

2,099 

88 

98 

122 

741 

165 

61 

968 

281 

183 

1,683 

798 

046 

84 

1,490 
426 
707 
276 
471 
49 
984 
827 
241 
166 
08 
ISO 

t,8S6 

000 

68 

76 

in 

tn 


>  since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1877,  parts  to  Bates  and  Bogart. 


847 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUoe. 


Moscow ....p.T. 

Moscow.......^ p.T. 

Moscow ^ tp. 

Moocow ..........T. 

M0800W.......M p.tp, 

Moscow ..M p.tp, 

Moscow p.T. 

Moscow p.T. 

Moscow h. 

Moscow p.T, 

Moscow ^ p.T. 

Moscow ^ p.T. 

Moscow. tp. 

Moscow M. p.h. 

Mosel ....p.tp. 

Moselle p.h. 

Moeelm ....p.T. 

Mosely  HalL ....tp. 

Mosertowii............h. 

MosherTille p.T. 

Moslnee tp. 

Mosinee p.T. 

Mosquito ..tp. 

Moss >.tp. 

Moss  Point. ..p.T. 

MossTllle.. p.h. 

Mossy  Creek.........p.T. 

Motley tp. 

Motley... p.T. 

Mott ..._ ....tp. 

Mott's tp. 

Mottrllle p.tp. 

Mottville p.T. 

Monlton p.T. 

Moulton tp. 

Moulton p.tp. 

Moulton p.T, 

Monltonborough...p.tp. 

Moultonville p.T. 

Moultrievllle p.T. 

Mound  „ tp. 

Mound ^. 

Mound  _ tp. 

Mound  _ ...tp. 

Mound »..tp. 

Mound tp. 

Mound  - tp. 

Mound tp. 

Mound  City tp. 

Mound  City p.T. 

Mound  City p.T. 

Mound  Prairie tp. 

Monnd  Prairie p.tp. 

Mound  Station p.T. 

Mounds  View tp. 

MoundsTille p.T. 

Mound  Valley. tp. 

Mound  Valley p.T. 

MoundTille.. tp. 

MoundTille h. 

MoundTille„ p.tp. 

Mount  iBtna p.T. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain p.tp. 

Mountain  Creek.. ..p.tp. 
Mountain  I]agIe....p.T. 
Mountain  Green  ...h. 
Mountain  Qrove....tp. 
Mountain  OroTe....p.h. 
Mountain  Grove.. ..p.h. 
Mountain  Home. ...p.T. 
Mountain  Home....p.v. 
Mountain  Island. ..p.T. 

Mountain  Lake p.tp. 

Mountain  Meadows. tp. 
Mountain  Peak.«...p.T. 
Mountain  Spring. ..tp. 

Mountain  View p.h. 

Mountain  View»...p.T. 

Mountain  View p.T. 

MouutainvlUe p.T. 

Mount  Airy_ p.T. 

Mount  Alry„ p.h. 

Mount  Airy.. p.h. 

Mount  Airy_ tp. 

Mount  Airy ~.p.T. 

Mount  Ararat h. 

Mount  Auburn...... tp. 

Mount  Aubum._...p.T. 
Mount  Auburn...„.T. 

348 


Oonnty. 


Muscatine. 

Hickman 

Somerset 

Alleghany 

Hillsdale 

Freeborn 

Livingston 

Clermont 

Coshocton. 

Lackawanna... 

Fayette- 

Polk 

Iowa ». 

Iowa 

Sheboygan: 

Franklin 

Berks.. 

Lenoir 

Northampton.. 

Hillsdale 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Christian 

Edgefield 

Jackson 

Peoria 

Jefferson 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Franklin 

Clarendon- 

St.  Joseph ., 

Onondaga- 

Appanoose. 

Murray  - 

Auglaize 

Lavaca 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Charleston 

Effingham 

McDonough... 

Warren 

McPherson 

Miami 

Phillips 

Bock- 

Bates— ...... M..., 

Linn , 

Linn 

Holt 

Jasper. 

Houston 

Brown 

Ramsey 

Marshall 

Labette— 

Labette.- 

Vernon-. 

Vernon-. 

Marquette 

Berks. 

Del  Norte 

El  Dorado-...., 

Siskiyou 

Barry 

McDonald. 

Catawba 

Centre 

Morgan. 

Wright- 

Wright 

Luzerne 

Baxter 

Monroe- 

Gaston 

Cottonwood.-.. 

Lassen „.... 

Ellis 

Butte- 

Stone 

Santa  Clara.-.. 

Passaic 

Lehigh 

Habersham..... 

Carroll 

Bandolph- 

Surry  - 

Surry 

Lebanon 

Christian.- 

Christian 

Wayne 


Population. 

State. 

1870. 

1880. 

Iowa.... 

271 

Ky 

360 

288 

Me 

628 

622 

Md 

264 

Mich.... 

1,223 

1,337 

Minn ... 

692 

660 

N.  Y...- 

262 

Ohio..... 

443 

616 

Ohio..... 

86 

Pa. 

320 

Tenn.... 

193 

Tex 

228 

Wis 

965 

921 

Wis 

66 

Wis 

1,088 

1,011 

Mo 

.......... 

94 

Pa. 

,... 

196 

N.C 

2,627 

2,446 

Pa. 

61 

Mich.... 

943 

Wis 

334 

882 

Wis. 



201 

111 

1,270 

1,^1 

8.  C 

2,080 

1,480 

Miss..... 

440 

1,338 

Ill 

99 

Tenn.... 

399 

Minn ... 

206 

Minn ... 

199 

Iowa.... 

.....—... 

2,304 

S.  0 

600 

927 

Mich.... 

721 

690 

N.  Y-... 

633 

Iowa. ... 

678 

681 

Minn  ... 

69 

Ohio..... 

1,262 

1,436 

Tex 

109 

N.  H,.... 

1,299 

1,264 

N.  H 

161 

B.O 

661 

IlL 

1,211 

1,870 

Ill 

1,360 

1,305 

Ind 

394 

484 

Kan-... 

663 

Kan.-... 

498 

739 

Kan  -... 

,,.,. 

376 

Minn.... 

.......... 

244 

Mo 

^,_ 

686 

Kan 

1,374 

1,471 

Kan 

636 

443 

Mo. 

678 

Iowa.... 

1,016 

843 

Minn ... 

650 

756 

Ill  

196 

Minn.... 

215 

673 

W.  Va... 

1,600 

1,774 

Kan-... 

276 

1,408 

Kan  -... 

•«••••••• 

138 

Mo 

897 

704 

Mo....... 

85 

Wis 

408 

334 

Pa. 

304 

OaL 

99 

191 

Cal 

271 

268 

Cal 

202 

Mo 

704 

990 

Mo 

297 

N.O 

1,298 

1,614 

Pa 

•••••••«•• 

160 

Utah 

76 

Mo 

721 

Mo. 

92 

Pa. 

66 

Ark. — 

137 

Pa. 

281 

N.  0-... 

^.,^ 

321 

Minn ... 

■••••••••« 

1,043 

Cal 

•••••••••• 

14 

Tex 

•••»••••• 

124 

Cal . — 

264 

400 

Ark 

•  ••••M*** 

99 

Cal 

260 

N.  J 

103 

Pa. 

•>•••••••• 

108 

Ga 

••••••••«• 

112 

Md 

91 

Mo 

46 

N.  0-.... 

2,363 

2,893 

N.  C 

619 

Pa- 

63 

IlL 

1,640 

1,741 

Ill 

208 

Ind 



171 

Place. 


Mount  Ayr-. p.T. 

Mount  Ayr. ...tp. 

Mount  Blanchard-.p.T. 

Mount  Calm p.T. 

Mount  Calvary  ......p.T. 

Mount  Carbon b. 

Mount  Carmel c. 

Mount  Carmel p.T. 

Mount  Carmel p.h. 

Mount  Carmel p.T. 

Mount  Carmel p.h. 

Mount  Carmel p.T. 

Mount  Carmel tp. 

Mount  Carmel p.b. 

Mount  Carroll p.tp. 

Mount  Chase -tp. 

Mount  Clare p.T. 

Mount  Clemens-...  p.T. 

Mount  Clifton p.b. 

Mount  Clio- tp. 

Mount  Cory p.T. 

Mount  Crawford  ...p.T. 
Mount  Croghan-...tp. 

Mount  Desert- p.tp. 

Mount  Eaton-. p.T.<- 

Mount  Eden p.T. 

Mount  Eton h. 

Mount  Ephraim.  ...p.T. 

Mount  Erie- tp. 

Mount  Erie- p.T. 

Mount  Etna. p.T. 

Mount  Etna. p.T. 

Mount  Gilead- p.tp. 

Mount  Gilead- p.T. 

Mount  Haley tp. 

Mount  Uermon tp. 

MtHickoryIronW'ks.T. 
Mount  HiUiard-....p.T. 

Mount  Holly-. t. 

Mount  Holly p.tp. 

MountHoIlySprings.pb. 

Mount  Hope p.h. 

Mount  Hope tp. 

Mount  Hope p.T. 

Mount  Hope ....p.tp. 

Mount  Hope tp. 

Mount  Hope p.h. 

Mount  Horeb p.h. 

Mount  Ida p.h. 

Mount  Ida p.tp, 

Mount  Idaho.- p.T. 

Mount  Jackson  ...-T. 
Mount  Jackson.-... p.T. 
Mount  Jefferson  ...h. 

Mount  Joy_ tp. 

Mount  Joy.- tp. 

Mount  Joy.- p.b. 

Mount  Kisco p.T. 

Mount  Laurel p.tp. 

Mount  Lebanon. ..-p.T. 

Mount  Leonard p.h. 

Mouut  Liberty p.T. 

Mount  Meridian....p.h. 

Mount  Moriah p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris. p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris p.h. 

Mount  Moume.-...p.h. 

Mount  Nebo t. 

Mount  Olive p.T. 

Mount  Olive p.tp. 

Mount  Oliver. p.T. 

Mount  Olivet. p.T. 

Mount  OliTet. h. 

Mount  Orab- p.T. 

Mount  Patrick p.h. 

Mount  Perry p.T. 

Mount  Pisg^h p.h. 

Mount  Pleasant  ....h. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....h. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....tp. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....tp. 
Mount  Pleasant.. ..c. 
Mount  Pleasant.. ..tp. 
Mount  Pleasant. ...p.h. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....tp. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Binggold 

Osborne- .., 

Hancock 

Limestone .......... 

Fond  du  Lac....... 

Schuylkiil 

Wabash 

Franklin 

Carroll ,- 

Fleming 

CoTington- ..., 

Clermont 

Northumberland, 
Northumberland, 

Carroll 

Penobscot- , 

Harrison 

Macomb 

Shenandoah- 

Sumter— »... 

Hancock 

Rockingham 

Chesterfield- 

Hancock 

Wayne 

Spencer- 

Darlington......... 

Noble 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Huntington— 

Adams 

Montgomery 

Morrow- 

Midland 

Pasquotank— 

Erie 

Bullock- 

Warren- 

Rutland 

Cumberland- 

Lawrence 

McLean- 

Morris 

Orange 

Grant- 

Grant- 

Dane 

Montgomery 

Grant 

Idaho 

Marion.- 

Shenandoah- 

Shelby 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Lancaster  - 

Westchester- 

Burlington 

Bienville 

Saline 

Knox 

Putnam............ 

Harrison 

Ogle. — 

Ogle 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Greene 

Waushara. 

Waushara- 

Iredell 

Lebanon 

Macoupin- , 

Morris ,- 

Alleghany 

Robertson 

Belmont. 

Brown. 

Perry - 

Perry 

Clermont 

Placer. , 

Brown , 

Whiteside- , 

Delaware 

Henry , 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Labette 

Frederick- , 


State. 


Iowa.— 
Kan-.., 
Ohio.,.. 

Tex 

Wis 

Pa. 

DL. 

Ind , 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Miss-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Pa 

Ill 

Me 

W.Va- 
Mich.. 

Va 

S.  C... 
Ohio... 

Va 

S.  0.... 
Me .... 
Ohio-, 

Ky 

8.  0.... 
Ohio-. 
IlL..,.. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
N.  0-. 
Ohlo- 
Mlch.. 
N.  C- 

Pa. 

Ala... 
Ohio- 
Vt.... 
Pa-... 
Ala.,,. 

Ill 

N.  J- 
N.Y-. 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis.... 
Ark... 
Wis- 
Idaho 
Ind.... 
Va,... 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.Y- 
N.  J.- 
La...„. 
Mo..... 
Ohio.,, 
Ind..,. 
Mo,.... 

ni 

HI 

Mich.. 
Mich., 
N.  Y-. 
N.  Y-. 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis... 
N.C..., 

Pa 

HL. 

N.J- 
Pa.... 
Ky.. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 

Pa 

Ohio, 
Ohio. 
OaL.. 

m.... 

IlL... 
Ind.. 
Iowa. 
Kan. 
Kan. 
Kan.. 
Md... 


Popalation. 


1870.     188a 


422 


364 
1,640 

1*496 


2,461 

1,289 

2,816 

262 


1,768 


1,674 


1,682 
918 
296 


1,238 
""221 


1,280 
1,087 


1,184 


1,682 


1,660 


1,842 
768 


270 


1,172 
2,037 
1,896 


1,466 
T,4o5 


3,877 
1,930 


684 


2.663 
1,880 
4,245 
1,344 


249 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  ASTD  1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoaw 


County. 


Moant  PIeaMnt....T. ' 
Mount  PleaMuit....p.T. 
Mount  Pleasant... ..tp. 
Mount  Pleasant.. ..p.T. 
Mount  Pleasaut.....tp. 

Mount  Pleasant tp. 

Mount  Pleasant v. 

Mount  Pleasant tp. 

Monnt  Pleasant tp. 

Mount  Pleasant... ..tp. 

Mount  Pleasant tp. 

Mount  Pleasant... ..p.T. 

Mount  Pleasant t. 

Mount  Pleasant b. 

Mount  PIea8ant....tp. 

Monnt  Pleasant p.T. 

Mount  Pleasant tp.- 

Mount  Pleasant T. 

Mount  Pleasant tp. 

Mount  Pleasant v. 

Mount  Pleasant tp. 

Monnt  Pleasant tp. 

Mount  Pleasant t. 

Mount  Pleasant.. ..tp. 

Mount  Pleasant p.b. 

Mount  Pleasant p.v. 

Monnt  Pleasant..... p.T. 
Mount  Pleasant—.p-T. 
Mount  Plea8ant-...T. 
Mount  Pleaaant....tp. 
Mount  Plea8ant.....tp. 

Mount  Pulaski tp. 

Monnt  Pulaski p.T. 

Mountraille b. 

Mount  Roflzell p.b. 

Mount  Boyal p.b. 

Mount  Salem p.b. 

Mount  SaTage p.T. 

Mount  Sidney p.T. 

Mount  Sinai p.T. 

Mount  Solon p.T.  j 

Mouut  Sterling p.T. 

Mount  Sterling tp. 

Mount  Sterling p.T. 

Mount  Sterling p.T. 

Mount  Sterling p.T. 

Monnt  Sterling p.T. 

Mount  Sterling v. 

Mount  Sterling p.b. 

Mount  Summit p.T. 

Monnt  Tabor P-tp. 

Monnt  Tirzah p.tp. 

Blount  Ulla p.tp. 

Mount  Union p.b. 

Monnt  Union p.T. 

Monnt  Union p.b. 

Monnt  Valley p.tp. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mouut  Vernon. p.b. 

Monnt  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon h. 

Monnt  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon t. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Monnt  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon p.b. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon t. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon c. 

Mount  Vernon p.T. 

Mount  Vernon p.b. 

Mount  Victory p.T. 

BIou  n  tville .tp. 

MountTille p.b. 

Monnt  Vision p.T. 

Mount  Waabington.p.T. 
MountWasbington.p.T. 
BlountWasbington.tp. 
MountWasbington.p.T. 

Mount  Winang p.T. 

Mount  Wolf p.T. 

Moant  Zion p.tp. 


Wasbington.. 

Isabella- 

Wabasha 

Marsball 

Bates  _ 

Cass 

Oentry 

Lawrence... 

Scotland , 

Westcbester-... ., 

Cabarrus 

Cabarrus ». 

Hamilton... 

Hocking , 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Berks 

Columbia.. » 

Luzerne 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Wayne 

WestmorelandL. 
Westmoreland .. 

Charleston 

Titus 

San  Pete 

Jefferson 

Green 

Racine 

Logan 

Logan 

Mountraille...... 

Limestone 

York 

Sussex 

Carter 

Augnsta 

Suffolk 

Augusta 

Choctaw 

Brown 

Brown 

Van  Buren 

Montgomery .... 

Madison 

Muskingum 

Crawford 

Henry 

Butland. 

Person 

Bowan 

Henry 

St*rk 

Huntingdon 

Winnebago 

Faulkner 

Montgomery .... 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Fulton 

Posey„ 

Wabash , 

Black  Hawk 

Cerro  Gordo-.... 

Linn 

Rockcastle 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Baltimore 

Winona 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Hillsltorongh.... 
Hillsborough .... 

Westchester 

Knox , 

Franklin 

Dane 

Hardin 

Morris , 

Morgan 

Otsogo 

Bullitt 

Baltimore- 

Berkshire- 

Hamilton 

Baltimore 

York 

Macon 


Stete. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


642 


2,688 
712 


1,863 
1,230 
6,210 
1,021 


1,664 

663 

1,947 


761 


1,321 
1,962 


2,647 
717 


1,346 


1,164 

3,660 

1,910 

663 


2,703 
1,362 


Md .... 
Micb. 
Minn 
Mi8«..< 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
N.Y- 
N.O- 
N.  0- 
Ohlo- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Obio- 
Pa-... 

Pa 

Pa-... 
Pa-... 
Pa-... 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

8.  0 

Tex 

Utah.... 
W.  Va- 
Wis.-... 

Wis 

Ill- 

Ill 

DakoU. 
Ala.... 

Pa 

N.J- 

Ky 

Va 

N.Y- 
Va..... 
Ala.... 
III-.... 
111-.... 
Iowa.. 

Ky 

Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Wis.- 
Ind... 
Vt-... 
N.  0- 
N.  C 
Iowa.. 
Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Iowa... 
Ark-.. 

Ga 

Ill 

111 

Ind-.. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 

Ky 

Me .... 

Me 

Md .... 
Minn . 
Mo .... 

Mo 

N.H-. 
N.  H„. 
N.Y... 
Ohio-. 
Tex  .... 
Wis.... 
Ohio-. 
N.  J  „. 
Ohio-. 
N.  Y-. 
Ky .... 
Md.... 
Mass.. 
Ohio.. 
Md  .... 

Pa. 

111- 1,096 


1,040 
389 


108 

301 

1,117 

1,720 


316 
636 


2,640 
1,167 


2,880 


1,036 


910 


1,262 


659 
3,030 


601 


2,700 

4,876 

223 


1,403 


340 


266 


166 

1,116 

642 

135 

3,428 

1,210 

116 

1,040 

1,239 

6,460 

1,234 

314 

871 

76 

1,682 

693 

2,138 

188 

769 

191 

1,677 

1,880 

169 

4,224 

1,197 

783 

462 

2,004 

126 

1,086 

2,166 

2,348 

1,126 

13 

36 

46 

38 

149 

244 

276 

209 

126 

2,780 

1,446 

147 

2,087 

482 

224 

96 

200 

496 

1,377 

1,803 

44 

327 

764 

795 

161 

69 

3,626 

2,324 

46 

3,730 

116 

916 

266 

977 

90 

1,170 

188 

460 

703 

2,999 

627 

617 

117 

4,586 

6,249 

311 

66 

674 

1,270 

26 

191 

387 

1,062 

205 

393 

599 

148 

1,202 


Place. 


Oonnty. 


Monnt  ZIon p.T. 

Mount  Zion p.h. 

Mount  Zion tp. 

MoTJlle p.tp. 

Moweaqua. tp. 

Moweaqua —p.T. 

Mowersville p.b. 

Mownrstown p.T. 

Moxahala p.T. 

Moyer tp. 

Moyock p.tp. 

Muchacbinock p.T. 

Muddy  Creek -tp. 

Muddy  Creek- T. 

Muddy  Fork -h. 

Mud  Springs tp. 

Muhlenberg tp. 

Muhlenberg tp. 

Muir p.T. 

Muitzeskil p.h. 

Mukilteo -pJi. 

Mnkwa .tp. 

Mukwonago.........tp. 

Mukwonago p.T. 

Mulberry p.T. 

Mulberry tp. 

Mulberry p.h. 

Mulberry tp. 

Mulberry p.T. 

Mulberry  OroTe....p.T. 

MuUlcai -tp. 

MnllicaHIll p.T, 

Mulligan -tp. 

Mulvane -p,T. 

Mnmford p.T. 

Mumford p.T, 

Mummasburg p.T. 

Muncie p.h. 

Mnncie c. 

Mnncy p.b, 

Muncy tp. 

Muncy  Creek ^. 

Mundy -p.tp. 

Munford p.T. 

MunfordTlUe -p.T, 

Munising tp. 

Munising p.T. 

MunnsTille ,p.T, 

Munro tp, 

Munson tp. 

Munson tp. 

Munson tp, 

MunsonTille p.T, 

Munster p.tp. 

Murdock tp. 

Murdock pji. 

Mnrfreesborongb  ..p.b. 
Murfreesborough  ..tp. 
Murfreesborough  ..p.T. 
Murfreesborough  ..p.T. 

Muri'hy tp. 

Murphy p.T. 

Murphy's p.T. 

Murphy8borougb...tp. 
Murphysbo rough  ...p.T. 

MurphysTilie p.h. 

Murray tp. 

Murray p.T. 

Murray p.T. 

Murray... tp, 

Murray p.T. 

Murray tp. 

Murray p.tp. 

Mnrraysrille p.T. 

MurrayTille p.T. 

Murrysville p.b. 

Muscatine c. 

Musclo  Fork p.tp 

Muscle  Ridge tp. 

MuBcoda tp. 

MuBcoda p.T. 

Muscougus  Island.lsl. 

Muscotab p.T. 

Mnskego tp. 

Muskegon c. 

Muskegon tp. 

Muskingum tp. 

Muskingum p.tp. 

Mussel  Slongb tp, 

Mussey tp. 

Mntual p.T. 


Stote, 


Maoon ............. 

Lebanon > 

Clarendon........ 

Woodbury.^..... 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Franklin 

Highland-. 

Perry 

Swift 

Currituck .>., 

Mahaska 

Butler............. 

Laramie 

Howard..,.....,.,. 

£1  Dorado........ 

Pickaway......... 

Berks 

Ionia 

Rensselaer 

Snohomish 

Waupaca 

Waukesha. 

Waukesha 

Clinton- 

aay 

Bates.- , 

Wilkee , 

Lincoln- 

Bond- , 

Atlantic- 

Gloucester 

Brown 

Sumner- 

Monroe- 

Robertson 

Adams 

Vermilion- 

Delaware. 

Lycoming „,. 

Lycoming , 

Lycoming 

Genesee 

Talladega „ 

Hart , 

Schoolcraft 

Schoolcraft 

Madison 

Cheboygan 

Henry 

Steams.- 

Geauga.- 

Cheshire 

Cambria 

Bntler. 

Warren- 

Pike 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Rutherford...... 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

CalaTeras. 

Jackson- 

Jackson- 

Mason 

Alameda 

Wells 

Clarke 

Marshall 

Callaway.. 

Murray 

Orleans 

Jackson 

Morgan 

Westmoreland.. 

Muscatine- I  Iowa. 

Chariton '  Mo, 

Knox- 

Grant 

Grant 

Lincoln 

Atchison 

Waukesha.... 
Muskegon.... 
Muskegon.... 
Muskiugum- 
Washington- 
Tulare 

St  Clair 

Cbampalgn... 


HI 

Pa 

8.C,...,. 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa„„ 

Ohio- 
Ohio — 
Minn ... 
K,  0-„. 
Iowa.,,. 

Pa. 

Wy 

Ark-.,., 
Cal ..... 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Hicb... 
N.  Y-.> 
Wash.., 
Wis-... 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Ind 

Kan... 

Mo 

N.  C„.. 
Tenn .. 

HI 

N.J  — 
N.J-.. 
Minn,, 

Kan 

N.Y-., 
Tex-.., 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa-..„, 
Pa-..,.i 

Pa- 

Micb,,, 

Ala 

Ky 

Mich... 
Micb.,, 
N.  Y-., 
Mich.,, 

111. 

Minn  „ 
Ohio... 
N.  H.„ 

Pa 

Kan..,, 
Ohio-,, 

Ark 

N.  0-.. 
N.  C-.. 
Tenn... 
N.  C-„ 
N.  0-,. 

Cal 

HI 

Ill 

Ky.-„, 

Cal 

Ind 

Iowa.,. 
Kan  ,... 

Ky 

Minn.. 
N.  Y-.. 
W.  Va, 

HI 

Pa 


Popnlattoa. 


1870,     1880. 


440 


Me 

Wis.-,. 

Wfs 

Me 

Kan-.. 

Wis 

Micb... 
Micb... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-,. 

Cal 

Mich,,. 
Ohio-.. 


1,204 


1,672 

967 

1,647 


1,819 
1,261 


124 
'8^265 


9,992 
1,040 
978 
1^10 
1,871 


1,171 
796 
761 


696 


1,961 

763 

3,602 

1,646 


8,464 
'*2,400 


179 


6,718 
710 
263 
911 


148 


1,409 
6,002 
401 
1,078 
1^36 


1^17 


S4S 

60 

874 

lie 

1,123 

678 

46 

120 

876 

268 

1,881 

813 

790 

141 

68 

1,661 

1,189 

1,9U 

714 

62 

86 

1,029 

lfi»i 

889 

229 

911 

44 

1,467 

148 

618 

717 

444 

848 

816 

466 

114 

104 

81 

8,819 

1,174 

809 

1,709 

1,646 

147 

874 

8T0 

135 

889 

140 

1,089 

810 

774 

111 

646 

406 

81 

84 

8,168 

646 

3,800 

8,838 

170 

884 

4,197 

8,196 

80 

4,361 

106 

491 

1,178 

636 

288 

8,818 

112 

386 

81 

8,296 

1,061 

268 

1,228 

740 

133 

412 

1,428 

11,268 

924 

1,018 

1,860 

1,776 

1,746 

189 


^  In  1870,  including  Hammonton. 


849 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETUBNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlWM. 


Hyatt tp. 

Myere tp. 

Myerabarg^ p.h. 

Myer8town„ p.v. 

Myenville v. 

MyersTille. h. 

MyersTllle p.v. 

MyersTille h. 

Myta. p.h. 

Myrtle tp. 

Myrtle  Greek p.r. 

Myrtle  Point p.h. 

Mystic p.v. 

Mystic  Bridge p.v. 

Mystic  River p.v. 

Naausay p.tp. 

Nachusa tp. 

Nachusa p.v. 

Kacogdoches p.v. 

Kacimiento v. 

Nag's  Head tp. 

Nahant p.v, 

Nahena. „ tp. 

Kahunta tp. 

Nameoki p.tp. 

Nanesville b. 

Nankin p.tp. 

Nantabala tp. 

Nantahala p.tp. 

Nanticoke hud. 

Nanticoke tp. 

Nanticoke p.b. 

Nantucket p.tp. 

Napa tp. 

Napa. c. 

Naperville tp. 

Naperville p.v. 

Napier ~.p.tp. 

Naples p.  v. 

Naples..... p.tp. 

Naples tp. 

Naples p.v. 

Naples. „ tp. 

Napoleon p.v. 

Napoleon tp. 

Napoleon p.r. 

Napoleon„ tp. 

Napoleon.. p.v. 

Napoleon v. 

Napoleonville.. p.v. 

NapoleonviUe« v. 

Napoli p.tp. 

Naponee p.h. 

Nappanea p.v. 

Napton p.h. 

Naron ....p.tp. 

Narragansett  Pier..p.v. 

Narrowsburg p.v. 

Nasewaupee tp. 

Nashport- p.v. 

Nashua p.h. 

Nashoa m tp. 

Nashua. p.v. 

Nashua. c 

Nashville p.v. 

Nashville„ p.h. 

Nashville. p.v. 

Nashville p.v. 

Nashville p.h. 

Nashville tp. 

Nashville p.v. 

Nashville tp. 

Nashville p.tp. 

Nashville tp. 

Nashville.. ....p.v. 

Nashville. p.v. 

Nashville. h. 

Nashville c. 

Nashville h. 

Nasonville v. 

Nassan- tp. 

Nassau^ tp. 

Nassau p.v. 

Natchez c. 

Natchitoches p.v. 

Natlck. p.tp. 

National tp. 

National p.v. 

National  City p. v. 

Nat.  Military  Home.p.T. 
Nat  Soldiers'  Home.p.v. 


County. 


Howell 

Grundy 

Bradford 

Lebanon , 

Pennington 

Vermilion 

Frederick.. 

Schuylkill 

Washington.... 

Knox , 

Douglas 

Coos 

New  London... 
New  London... 
New  London... 

Kendall 

Lee 

Lee 

Nacogdoches... 

Bernalillo 

Dare 

Essex 

Delta 

Wayne 

Madison 

Caledonia 

Wayne 

Macon 

Swiiin , 

Sussex 

Broome 

Luzerne ..., 

Nantucket 

Napa. ».... 

Napa.. 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Bedford. 

Scott , 

Cumberland.... 

Ontario.. 

Ontario.. 

Buffalo 

Ripley .^... 

Jackson. 

Jackson 

Henry  .....„.,.. 

Henry 

Holmes- 

Assumption...., 

Monmouth 

Cattaraugus.... 

Franklin 

Elkhart. , 

Saline 

Pratt 

Washington..., 

Sullivan 

Door 

Muskingum 

Putnam 

Ogle 

Chickasaw 

Hillsborough.., 

Howard 

El  Dorado 

Washington..., 

Brown 

Jackson , 

Aroostook. , 

Barry 

Martin 

Barton 

Nash 

Nash 

Holmes 

Tork 

Davidson ..., 

Cass 

Providence 

Sioux.. 

Rensselaer. 

Rensselaer. 

Adams 

Natchitoches.., 

Middlesex 

San  Diego 

Clayton. 

San  Diego 

Montgomery... 
Elizabeth  City. 


Popul 

ation. 

State. 

1870. 

1880. 

Mo 

421 

446 

Mo 

750 

90 

1,680 

103 

Pa. 

Pa 

Dak..... 

Ill 

.....M... 

46 

Md 

138 

79 

37 

958 

119 

Pa 

Wis 

Mo 

Oregon. 
Oregon. 

^„ 

52 

Conn.... 

......M.. 

384 

Conn.... 

.......... 

910 

1,169 
831 

IlL 

918 

Ill_ 

1,148 
165 
333 
350 

1,104 

Ill 

Tex  ..... 

N.Mex. 
N.  C 

1,000 

Mass.... 

476 

808 

Mich.... 

388 

N.G 

i',874 

2,769 

Ill 

1,466 

70 

3,231 

Vt 

Mich.... 

2,956 

N.  C... 

383 

855 

N.  C 

1,003 
2,248 

Del 

2,076 

N.  T 

1,058 

999 

Pa 

3,884 
3,727 

Mass..... 

4,123 

Cal 

3,791 

7,143 

Cal 

1,879 

3,731 

Ill 

2,939 

2,511 

ni 

1,713 

2,073 

Pa 

1,825 

2,011 

Ill 

442 

1,007 

Me 

1,058 

N.  Y 

2.188 

2,699 

N.  Y 

1.360 
1,625 

Wis 

i,o69 

Ind 

250 
1,177 

Mich.... 

1,030 

Mich.... 

379 
4,604 

Ohio 

3,334 

Ohio 

ifilS 

3,032 

Ohio 

137 

497 

156 

1,126 

La 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 

1,174 

Nob. 

.......... 

76 

Ind 

647 

28 

166 

Mo 

Kan 

R.  I 

.....M... 

621 

N.  Y_... 



313 

Wis 

346 

762 

Ohio 

••.••••••• 

141 

Fla 

91 
432 

Ill 

483 

Iowa.... 

817 

1,116 

N.H.... 

10,643 

13,397 

Ark..... 

••..••••.. 

172 

Cal 

47 
2,222 

Ill 

1,640 

Ind 

270 

348 

Iowa. ... 

41 

Me 

30 

33 

Mich.... 

642 

978 

Minn ... 

608 

465 

Mo 

466 

456 

N.  C 

1,548 
212 
217 

N.  0. 

Ohio 

208 

Pa 

64 
43,350 

Tenn.... 

26,865 

51 
151 
596 

R.  L 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y.... 

2,705 

2,629 

N.  Y 

449 

7,058 

Miss 

9,067 

La 

1,401 

2,786 

Mass.... 

6,404 

8,479 

Cal 

387 
105 
248 
3,464 
627 

Cal 

Ohio.... 

Va 



Place. 


Natonia tp. 

Natrona p  Ji. 

Natrona p.v. 

Natural  Dam v. 

Naugatuck. ....p.tp. 

Nauvoo p.tp. 

Navarino p.tp. 

Navarre p.v. 

Navasink .p.v. 

NavRSota p.v. 

Navy  Cove v. 

Naylor p.v. 

Nazareth. p.b. 

Neapolis p.v. 

Neave tp. 

Nebo p.v. 

Nebo p.v. 

Nebraska. p.tp. 

Nebraska. p.v. 

Nebraska. tp. 

Nebraska  City p.v. 

Necedah tp. 

Necedah .....p.  v. 

Nederland p.v. 

Needham p.tp, 

Neeley .tp. 

Neel  Road v. 

Neely's  Landing.. ..p.h. 

NeelyviUe p.v. 

Neenah c. 

Neenah tp. 

Neetsvilie p.h. 

Neff's  Siding h. 

Negaunee c. 

Negauuee  > ..tp. 

Neill's  Creek tp. 

NeiUsville p.v. 

Neilltown. v. 

Nekimi .p.tp. 

Nekoma p.v. 

Neligh p.v. 

Nelliston .....v. 

Nelson tp. 

Nelson.. p.h. 

Nelson.. p.tp. 

Nelson.. tp. 

Nelson.. tp. 

Nelson p.v. 

Nelson  *. p.tp. 

Nelson tp. 

Nelson p.v. 

Nelson  *. p.tp. 

Nelson p.tp. 

Nelson p.tp. 

Nelsonville v. 

Nelsonville p.v. 

Nelsonville pJi. 

Nemaha tp. 

Nemaha  City p.v. 

Neodesha tp. 

Neodesha. p.v. 

Neoga p.tp. 

Neola tp. 

Neola p.v. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho p.v. 

Neosho p.v. 

Neosho  Falls tp. 

Neosho  Falls p.v. 

Neosho  Rapids p.h. 

Nepaug p.b. 

Nepeuskun.. p.tp. 

Nephi V. 

Neponset tp. 

Nepouset p.v. 

Neptune p.tp. 

Neptune p.v. 

Nesbitt p.v. 

Nes  copeck tp. 

Nescopeck p.v. 

Neshanic p.v. 

Neshanuock tp. 

Neshkoro p.tp. 

Nesquehoning p.v. 

Ness  City p.h 

Neesel tp. 

Nester tp. 


Connty. 


Sacramento.. 

Mason 

Alleghany 

St.  I^wrenoe. 

New  Haven 

Hancock 

Shawano 

Stark 

Monmouth 

Grimes 

Baldwin 

Lowndee 

Northampton..... 

Lucas 

Darke 

Pike 

Hopkins. 

Livingston ......... 

Jennings 

Page 

Otoe 

Juneau.. 

Juneau. 

Boulder 

Norfolk. 

Butler 

Alleghany 

Cape  Girardeau... 

Morgan 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Adair 

Belmont. 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Harnett 

Clark 

Forest 

Winnebago „.. 

Henry 

Antelope .„ 

Montgomery 

Lee 

Lee 

Cloud 

Kent 

Watonwan 

Nuckolls 

Clieshire 

Madison 

Madison 

Portage 

Tioga 

Buffalo ».. 

Putnam 

Athens 

Portage 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Cumberland. 

Pottawattamie.... 
Pottawattamie.... 

Cherokee.. 

Coffey 

Labette 

Morris 

Newton 

Newton 

Dodge 

Woodson 

Woodson 

Lyon 

Litchfield 

Winnebago 

Juab 

Bureau 

Bureau ^ 

Monmouth 

Mercer 

DeSoto 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Somerset 

Lawrence- 

Marquette 

Carbon 

Ness 

Chisago 

Roscommon 


State. 


Cal._... 

111. 

Pa..... 
N.  Y„. 
Conn.. 

Ill 

Wis.... 
Ohio... 
N.  J.... 
Tex ... 
Ala.... 

Ga. 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Ky._.. 

Ill 

Ind..... 
Iowa... 
Neb.... 
Wis..., 
Wis.... 
CoL.... 
Mass.. 

Mo 

Pa...... 

Mo 

Ill 

WU.... 
Wis.... 

Ky 

Ohio.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  C.„. 
Wis... 

Pa 

Wis.... 

Ill 

Neb.... 
N.Y... 

IlL 

Ill 

Kan  .. 
Mich... 
Minn., 
Neb... 
N.H.. 
N.  Y.., 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  Y... 
Ohio..., 
Wis...., 
Kan ... 
Neb.... 
Kaa... 
Kan.... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.., 
Kan  ... 
Kan  ... 
Kan.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Wis 

Kan  ... 
Kan.... 
Kan... 
Conn... 

Wis 

Utah... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  J 

Ohio..., 
Miss... 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.J 

Pa. 

WU 

Pa 

Kan .... 
Minn .. 
Mich... 


Population. 


1870.      188a 


623 


2,830 
1,578 


949 


1,093 


1462 


620 
6,060 
1,186 

944 


3,607 
664 


2,666 
468 


2,669 

695 

1,137 


1^8 


600 


1,102 


744 

1,730 


1,366 

466 
1,291 


1,080 

""m 

1,146 


900 
604 
516 
826 
2,022 
876 


1,406 
632 


1,129 
1,286 
1,610 


968 


1432 
436 


I  In  1873,  part  to  Richmond. 
350 


<  In  1870,  part  to  HarrisvUIe. 


*  In  1874,  part  to  Garrettsville. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Netawaka p.tp, 

Ketber  Provldence.p.tp, 

Nettle  Creek p.tp 

Neuchatel p.tp 

Neuse  Birer tp. 

Nevada tp. 

Nevada p.tp 

Nevada p.h. 

Nevada tp. 

Nevada tp. 

Nevada p.v. 

Nevada p.tp 

Nevada p.v. 

Nevada tp. 

Nevada p.v. 

Nevada h. 

Nevada p.v. 

Nevada  City c. 

Nevada  ville v. 

Neversink p.tp. 

Neville - p.v. 

Neville tp. 

Neviu8 «p.h. 

Nevius tp. 

NevinvlUe p.v. 

New  Albany c. 

New  Albany tp. 

New  Albany ...tp. 

New  Albany p.v. 

New  Albany p.v. 

Now  Albany v. 

New  Albany p.b. 

New  Albin p.v. 

New  Albion tp. 

New  Albion p.v. 

New  Alexander p.h. 

New  Alexandria  ...p.v. 
New  Alexandria  ...p.b. 

New  Almaden p.v. 

Mew  Alsace p.v. 

New  Amsterdam... p. v. 
New  Amsterdam. ..p.h. 

New  Antioch p.v. 

Newark p.v. 

Newark p.v. 

Newark p.v. 

Newark .p.v. 

Newark ....p.tp, 

Newark tp. 

Newark p.v. 

Newark p.tp. 

Newark p.v. 

Newark c. 

Newark p.v. 

Newark c. 

Newark tp. 

Newark p.tp, 

Newark p.b. 

Newark tp. 

Newark  Valley p.tp. 

New  Ashford p.tp, 

New  Athens p.v. 

New  Athens p.v. 

New  Athens p.h. 

New  Auburn tp. 

New  Auburn „p.v. 

New  Augusta «p.v. 

New  Avon p.tp, 

Newaygo p.v. 

New  Baltimore. ..„.p.v. 

New  Baltimore p.tp, 

New  Baltimore p.v. 

New  Baltimore p.b. 

New  Baltimore......p.h. 

New  Bedford p.b. 

New  Bedford c. 

New  Bedford p.v. 

New  Bedford p.v. 

New  Bellsville p.h. 

New  Berlin ..p.h. 

New  Berlin ..v. 

New  Berlin tp. 

New  Berlin _p.v. 

New  Berlin -tp. 

New  Berlin _p.v. 

New  Berlin p.T. 

New  Berlin v. 

New  Berlin „b. 

New  Berlin ~p.tp. 

Newbera -p.v. 

Newbem p.T. 


County. 


State. 


Jackson 

Delaware 

Grundy_ 

Nemaha 

Wake 

Nevada. < 

Livingston 

Tipton 

Palo  Alto.- 

Story 

Story 

Ness 

Mercer 

Mower 

Vernon.... 

Madison.. 

Wyandot 

Nevada _.. 

Gilpin 

Sullivan 

Clermont 

Alleghany 

Edgar 

Vigo 

Adams 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Story- 

Wilson 

Union 

Franklin 

Bradford 

Allamakee 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus.... 

Columbiana 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland., 
Santa  Clara.-... 

Dearborn 

Harrison 

La  Crosse.- 

Clinton 

Alameda 

New  Castle 

Kendall 

Greene 

Webster 

Wilson 

Worcester. 

Gratiot 

Knox 

Essex 

Wayne 

Licking 

Licking 

Caledonia 

Wirt 

Kock 

Tioga 

Berkshire 

St.  Clair 

Harrison 

Clarion- 

Sibley 

Sibley 

Marion 

Redwood 

Newaygo 

Macomb 

Greene -... 

Stark 

Somerset 

Fauquier 

Bureau- 

Bristol 

Coshocton 

Lawrence 

Brown...... 

Duval 

Bond 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Chenango....... 

Chenango 

Stark 

Berks 

Union 

Waukesha 

Hale 

Bartholomew... 


Kan 

Pa. 

Ill 

Kan 

N.  C 

Cal 

Ill- 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Kan.... 

Ky 

Minn.. 

Mo 

Mon-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Cal 

Col 

N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 
Miss.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ind 

Ind 

Wis 

Ohio-.. 

Cal 

Del 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan .... 

Md 

Mich... 

Mo 

N.J-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Vt 

W.Ya, 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 
Mass... 

Ill 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Minn.. 
Minn .. 

Ind 

Minn .. 
Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Va 

Ill 

Mass... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Ind 

Fla 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Wis 

Ala 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


1,448 
916 


3,986 

877 


142 

1,611 

982 


14 

637 


828 


2,458 
422 
289 


1,299 


16,396 
2,297 
1,003 


1,487 


167 
305 


915 


1,006 

354 

105,059 

2,248 

6,698 

919 

693 


1,074 

2,321 

208 


364 


300 


703 


2,617 


21,320 


954 


2,460 


646 
1,809 


758 

1,726 

902 

524 

1,409 

6,506 

1,127 

56 

170 

2,357 

1,541 

184 

131 

877 

1,913 

50 

1,036 

4,022 

1,084 

2,152 

446 

306 

31 

1,579 

129 

16,423 

2,559 

1,042 

232 

250 

213 

222 

423 

1,732 

104 

80 

176 

335 

1,268 

273 

186 

76 

180 

179 

1,148 

442 

145 

263 

824 

142 

1,646 

304 

136,508 

2,460 

9,600 

1,013 

679 

87 

1,130 

2,577 

203 

603 

378 

36 

670 

204 

187 

140 

1,097 

1,024 

2,620 

164 

150 

88 

55 

26,845 

134 

213 

38 

96 

166 

962 

403 

2,672 

937 

297 

209 

605 

1,620 

454 

179 


Place. 


Newbem p.v. 

Newbern p.tp 

Newbem p.v. 

Newbem p.T. 

New  Berne o. 

Newberry p.v. 

Newberry tp. 

Newberry tp. 

Newberry tp. 

Newberry  C.  H p.v. 

Newberrytown p.v. 

New  Bethel tp. 

New  Bethlehem... .p.b. 
New  Birmingham. V. 
New  Bloomfield....p.T. 
New  Bloomiugton.h. 
New  Bloomington.p.v. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston tp. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston tp. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston b. 

New  Boston v. 

New  Bourbon h. 

New  Braintree p.tp. 

New  Brauufels p.v. 

New  Bremen p.tp 

New  Bremen p.v. 

New  Brighton p.v. 

New  Brighton p.b. 

New  Britain c. 

New  Britain tp. 

New  Britain v. 

New  Britain tp. 

New  Britain p.T. 

New  Britton p.h. 

New  Brooklyn p.v. 

New  Brunswick... .p.b. 
New  Brunswick.... c. 

New  Buda tp. 

New  Buena  Vista  -p.T. 

New  Buffalo p.h. 

New  Buffalo tp. 

New  Buffalo ....p.T. 

New  Buffalo p.b. 

Newburg p.h. 

Newbnrg h. 

Newburg tp, 

Newburg -t. 

Newburg -p.v, 

Newburg -p.b. 

Newburg tp. 

Newburg p.tp. 

Newbnrg „tp. 

Newburg p.T. 

Newburg ji, 

Newburg tp. 

Newbnrg p.h. 

Newburg h. 

Newburg -c 

Newburg tp. 

Newburg  1- p.tp. 

Newburg b. 

Newburg, >,..p.b. 

Newburg........ t. 

Newburg p.T. 

Newburg p.T. 

New  Burlington....p.T. 

New  Bumside p.T. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury p.T. 

Newbury p.tp, 

Newbury p.^, 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury p.T. 

Newbury  Old  Town.T. 

Newburyport c 

New  CadiB _b. 

New  California p.T. 

New  CaUfomia h. 

New  Cambria. p.h. 

New  Cambria. p.T. 

New  Canaan tp. 

New  Canaan p.T. 

New  Canada .tp. 

New  Canton ....p.T. 

New  Carliale 4>.t. 


Ooan^. 


Marion.- , 

Dickinson- 

Dyer 

Pulaski 

Craven 

Greene 

Miami 

York 

Newberry 

Newberry 

York 

Rockingham 

Clarion....- 

Guernsey 

Callaway 

Maries 

Marion....- 

Windham 

Mercer... 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Hillsborough 

Hillsborough 

Highland 

Schuylkill 

St.  Genevieve.-.. 

Worcester 

Comal 

Lewis 

Auglaize 

Richmond 

Beaver 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Volusia 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Hamilton- 

Middlesex......... 

Boone 

Middlesex -. 

Decatur- 

Bedford- 

Casa 

Berrien-.....^..... 
Berrien............. 

Perry- 

Izard 

Macon  .....M. 

Pike 

Clay 

Warrick 

Jasper 

Mitchell 

Penobecot- 

Cass 

Cass 

Tuscola- 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Laclede- 

Orange 

Orange 

Cuyahoga- 

Clearfield 

Cumberland 

Fayette.-.- 

Preston 

Washington 

Clinton 

Johnson 

Lagrange.- 

Wabaunse«........ 

Wabaunsee » 

Essex - 

Merrimac  _ 

Geauga 

Orange.-,..,.. 

Orange. 

Essex- 

Essex- 

Hocking 

Union 

Grant- 

Saline 

Macon 

Fairfield 

Fairfield , 

Ramsey - 

Pike ~ 

St,  Joseph-,.....^. 


SUt«. 


Iowa.... 

Kan 

Tenn  ... 
Va....... 

N.  0 — 

Ind 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

8.0 

S.0 

Pa- 

N.  0 — 

Pa- 

Ohio-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill- 

Mich.... 
N,  H-.., 
N.H.,.. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mo 

Maes.,-. 

Tex._... 

N.Y-. 

Ohio-. 

N.Y-, 

Pa-.... 

Conn., 

Conn., 

Fla.... 

Pa-..., 

Pa 

Ind.... 
N.J.. 
Ind..,, 
N.J-, 
Iowa.. 

Pa 

Dakota. 

Mich 

Mich 

Pa.... 

Ark.. 

111-.., 

Ill 

Ind... 

Ind.,, 

Iowa, 

Iowa. 

Me,.., 

Mich.... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Minn 

Minn. 

Mo... 

N.Y- 

N.Y- 

Ohio- 

Pa. 

Pa-... 

Pa 

W.  Va- 

Wls.-. 

Ohio-. 

Ill 

Ind...., 
Kan... 
Kan-. 
Mass.- 
N.H.- 
Ohio— 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass..- 
Mass.... 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Wis 

Kan-... 

Mo 

Conn.... 
Conn ... 
Minn ... 

Ill- 

Ind 


PopnUtlon, 


1870,      1880, 


68S 


6,849 


3,666 
2,412 
2,792 
1,891 


348 


1,768 
779 


1,241 


640 
2,261 
1,908 

628 
7,495 
4,037 

'9,480 


16,068 
647 


1,289 
683j 
269 


1,640 
T,464 


636 
1,116 
1,314 


1,047 


17,014 
3,641 
6,227 


392 


1,169 
476 


1,430 
601 
861 

S,241 


12,696 


2,497 


789 


11* 
640 

60S 

21S 

8,443 

329 

4,615 

2,224 

4,48S 

2,34« 

165 

1,795 

778 

211 

100 

30 

271 

122 

1,626 

633 

284 

1,144 

257 

8« 

138 

68 

610 

1,938 

2,414 

1,169 

12,679 

3,653 

11,800 

13,979 

106 

1,844 

110 

92 

193 

41 

17,166 

664 

121 

46 

1,191 

523 

222 

74 

63 

1,243 

206 

1,282 

40 

880 

1,057 

1.649 

118 

61 

1,094 

95 

44 

18,049 

3,U18 

1,613 

184 

433 

145 

8oa 

262 
310 
660 

1,392 
926 
103 

1,666 
690 
889 

2,316 

894 

688 

13,638 

63 

162 

32 

47 

276 

2,673 
908 
9M 
4M 
59* 


>  In  1874,  part  to  Cleveland. 


351 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Connty. 


SUte. 


New  CarllBla p.T. 

Kew  CarllBle.....»..T. 

New  Carlfltadt p.T. 

New  Oarmel t. 

New  Cassel .p.T. 

Newcastle p.  v. 

New  Caatle bnd. 

New  Caatle  ...........c 

New  Caatle  » ....tp. 

New  Caatle p.T. 

New  Caatle p.T. 

New  Caatle tp. 

New  Castle.. p.T. 

New  Castle.. p.h. 

New  Caatle  „ p.tp. 

New  Castle.. p.tp. 

New  Caatle.. ....tp. 

New  Castle p.tp. 

New  Castle T. 

New  Castle.. ta. 

New  Castle c. 

New  Caatle ...^. 

New  Castle t. 

New  Castle p.T. 

New  Centreville....b. 
New  CentreTille....p.h. 
NewChambersburg.p.b. 

New  Cheater p.T. 

New  Cheater p.tp 

New  Chicago... p.T. 

New  City p.T. 

New  Oolnmbia b. 

New  Columbia p.T, 

New  Columbua p.h. 

New  Oolambua p.b. 

Newcomb tp. 

Newcomb p.tp. 

Newcomerstown  ...p.T. 

New  Concord p.T. 

New  Corner p.T. 

New  Cumberland...p.T. 
New  Cumberland. ..p.b. 
New  Cumberland...p.T. 

New  Denmark tp. 

New  Derry p.T. 

New  Diggings tp. 

New  Diggings p.T. 

New  Douglas. tp. 

New  Douglas.. p.T. 

New  DoTer p.T. 

New  Durham tp. 

New  Durham p.tp. 

New  Egypt. p.T. 

Newell p.tp. 

Newell tp. 

Newell p.T. 

New  England p.h. 

New  Enterprise p.h. 

New  Era p.h. 

New  Era p.h. 

New  Fairfield p.tp. 

Newfane p.tp. 

Newfane tp. 

Newfleld p.tp, 

Newfield tp. 

Newfleld tp. 

Newfleld p.v. 

New  Florence p.T. 

New  Florence p.b. 

New  Franklin p.T. 

New  Franklin t. 

New  Freedom p.b. 

New  Freeport. p.h. 

New  Oalllee p.b. 

New  Garden tp. 

New  Garden p.T. 

New  Garden p.tp, 

New  GeneTa p.v. 

New  Germantown.p.T. 

New  Olams p.tp. 

New  61asgowDepot.p.T. 

New  Glouce8ter.....p.tp. 

New  Goahon p.v. 

New  Gottland p.tp. 

New  Grand  Chain..p.h. 

New  Grenada. p.h. 

New  Oroningen p.h. 

New  Hager8town...p.T. 

Newhall p.b. 

New  Hamburg p.v. 

New  Hamburg p.v. 


Clark „ 

Holmes.. 

Bergen 

Hamilton  _ 

Fond  du  Lao 

Placer 

New  Castle 

New  Castle ». 

Fnlton 

Henry 

Henry 

Lincoln.. 

Lincoln 

Gentry 

Rockingham  .... 

Westchester. 

Wilkes 

Coshocton. 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Lawrence-- 

Schnylkill 

Schuylkill 

Craig ». 

Somerset 

St.  Croix 

Columbiana  _.... 

Adams 

Adams 

Deer  Lodge- 

Bockland.- 

Atlantic 

Union 

Owen 

Lnzeme 

Champaign 

Essex 

Tuscarawas 

Muskingum 

Delaware 

Tuscarawas...... 

Cumberland-.... 

Hancock 

Brown 

Westmoreland- 
Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Madison 

Madison 

Union 

La  Porte 

Strafford 

Ocean 

Vermilion 

Buena  Vista-.... 
Buena  Vista-.... 

Wood- 

Bedford 

De  Kalb 

Oceana 

Fairfield 

Niagara- 

Windham- 

York 

Oceana - 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Montgomery..... 
Westmoreland. 

Stark 

Franklin 

York 

Greene 

Beaver , 

Wayne 

Columbiana 

Chester 

Fayette , 

Perry 

Green , 

Amherst. 

Cumberland 

Vigo 

McPherson 

Pulaski- 

Fulton 

Ottawa 

Carroll 

Los  Angeles-.., 

Scott Mo, 

Dutchess N.  Y. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ohio-... 

Ohio 

N.  J. — 

Ind 

Wis 

Cal 

Del 

Del 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Me. 

Mo 

N.  H-... 
N.  Y-... 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

V» 

Pa 

WlB 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Wia 

Mon  .... 
N.  Y-... 

N.  J 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa. 

IlL 

N.  Y-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ohio 

Pa 

W.Va-. 

Wi».-. 

Pa...... 

Wii.... 

Wis.... 

Ill 

HI 

Ohio... 
Ind.... 
N.  H.. 
N.J-.. 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
W.Va 

Pa 

Ind.... 

Mich.. 

Conn.... 

N.  Y, 

Vt. 

Me... 

Mich.... 

N.Y.. 

N.T.. 

Mo.... 

Pa.... 

Ohio. 

Pa..... 

Pa..... 

Pa..... 

Pa.... 

Ind.. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Wis.., 

Va... 

Me.... 

Ind... 

Kan. 

111-.. 

Pa.... 

Mich 

Ohio. 

Cal... 


651 
3,682 
1,916 
1,262 
1,656 

670 
1,729 


667 
8,162 
1,120 
1,006 


6,164 
2,229 


199 
196 


S29 


260 
897 
178 
791 
488 


616 


1,794 


1,984 
973 


1,900 


870 
8,097 
1,113 
1,193 

266 
2,602 


241 
1,519 


1,790 


1,496 


818 

114 

367 

166 

235 

162 

6,268 

3,700 

1,421 

2,299 

600 

1,634 

689 

42 

610 

2,297 

1,039 

885 

250 

66 

8,418 

1,612 

360 

182 

140 

76 

78 

129 

304 

127 

270 

96 

319 

84 

267 

992 

237 

926 

614 

121 

163 

669 

1,218 

1,386 

184 

1,641 

294 

967 

400 

112 

2,011 

772 

632 

1,977 

760 

348 

96 

87 

20 

80 

791 

3,462 

1,031 

995 

496 

2,608 

419 

373 

631 

170 

122 

324 

99 

259 

1,443 

152 

1,942 

286 

106 

1,060 

142 

1,382 

180 

6:^4 

88 

74 

46 

138 

61 

103 

601 


Place. 


New  Hamburg p.v. 

New  Hampshire.  ...p.T. 

New  Hampton tp. 

New  Hampton p.T, 

New  Hampton p,tp. 

New  Hanover tp. 

New  Hanover p.tp. 

New  Harmony p.T. 

New  Harmony pji. 

New  Harmony p.h. 

New  Harriaburg...p.T. 

New  Harrison h. 

New  Hartford tp. 

New  Hartford .p.T. 

New  Hartford p.T. 

New  Hartford .p.T. 

New  Hartford p.tp. 

New  Harttord p.h. 

New  Hartford tp. 

New  Hartford p.T. 

New  Haven c. 

New  Haven p.T, 

New  HaTen p.h. 

New  HaTen p.T, 

New  HaTen tp. 

New  HaTen p.T. 

New  HaTen tp. 

New  HaTen tp. 

New  Haven p.T. 

New  HaTen. .........p.tp. 

New  HaTen t. 

New  HaTen tp. 

New  HaTen p.T. 

New  Haven p.b. 

New  Haven p.tp. 

New  Haven p.v. 

New  Haven tp. 

New  Haven ' tp. 

New  Hebron p.v. 

New  Holland- p.T. 

New  Holland p.h. 

New  Holland- p.T, 

New  Holland- p.T. 

New  Holland- t. 

New  Holstein p.tp. 

New  Home- p.tp. 

New  Hope p.T. 

New  Hope.- tp. 

New  Hope p.T. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope p.tp. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope t. 

New  Hope - t. 

New  Hope p.b. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope p.T. 

New  Hope p.tp. 

New  Hudson p.tp. 

New  Iberia- p.T. 

Newiugton.- p.tp. 

Newington p.tp. 

New  Ipswich p.tp. 

New  Jasper- p.tp. 

New  Jefierson t. 

New  Jerusalem-. ..h. 
New  Jerusalem-...p.b. 

New  Kingston p.T, 

Newkirk b. 

New  KnoxvIlle-...p.T. 

New  Lancaster t. 

New  Lancaster p.h. 

New  Lancaster p.h. 

New  Lancaster h. 

Newland .tp. 

New  Lebanon p.h. 

New  Lebanon p.tp. 

New  Lel>anon p.h. 

New  Lebanon p.b. 

New  Lenox „...p.tp. 

New  Lexington t. 

New  Lexington-... T. 

New  Lexington p.T. 

New  Liberty t. 

New  Liberty p.h. 

New  Liberty p.T. 

New  Liberty h. 

New  Light. p.tp. 

New  Limerick p.tp. 


County. 


Mercer 

Auglaize 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Belknap 

Burlington 

Montgomery ... 

Posey- 

Pike 

Brown 

Carroll , 

Darke , 

Litchfield  - , 

Litchfield 

Pike 

Butler 

Wiuona........... 

Pike 

Oneida , 

Oneida , 

New  HaTen  -.. 

Allen 

Mitchell 

Nelson , 

Gratiot 

Macomb 

Shiawassee 

Olmsted......... 

Franklin 

Oawego.- 

Hamilton-. 

Hnron 

Huron 

Fayette.......... 

Addison 

Mason 

Adama 

Dunn  - 

Crawford 

Logan 

Wabash 

Pickaway 

Lancaster- 

York- 

Calumet 

Bates- 

Madlaou 

Union 

Nelson 

Cbatham 

Iredell 

Perquimans  -.. 

Randolph 

Wayne 

Brown 

Preble 

Bucks 

Orangeburg-... 

Augusta 

Portage 

Alleghany 

Iberia 

Hartford 

Rockingbam .. 
Hillsborough., 

Greene 

Harrison 

Lyon 

Berka 

Cumberland..., 

Schuylkill 

Auglaize 

Huntington .... 

Tipton 

Miami 

Cumberland-.. 
Pasquotank  ».. 

Sullivan 

Columbia , 

Montgomery.., 

Mercer 

Will , 

Highland 

Preble 

Perry 

Jasper 

Pope 

Owen-- 

Clinton 

Wake 

Aroostook 


State. 


PopnIatioD. 


1870,     1880, 


Pa... 

Ohio 
Iowa.... 
Iowa ... 
N.  H. . 
N.J.... 

Pa. 

Ind.... 

Mo, 

Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Conn.... 
Conn..., 

Ill 

Iowa.  ,- 
Minu ... 

Mo 

N.  Y-,.. 
N,  Y„.. 
Conn.>.. 

Ind 

Iowa ... 

Ky 

MIcb... 
Mich.... 
Mich..., 
Minn .., 

Mo 

N.  Y-... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-,. 

Pa. 

Vt 

W.  Va.- 

Wis.... 

Wia-.. 

Ill 

111. 

Ind.... 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Pa..,., 
Wia... 

Mo 

Ala.... 
Iowa.. 

Ky 

N,  0-. 
N.C.-. 
N.  C- 
N.  C- 
N.  0-, 
Ohio-, 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

S.C... 
Va .... 
Wia... 
N.  Y- 

La 

Conn. 
N.  H. 
N.H. 
Oblo.. 
Ohio.. 
Nev.- 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa-„. 
Ohio- 
Ind..., 
Ind.,,. 
Kan- 

Pa 

N.C.- 
Ind... 
N.  Y- 
Ohlo., 
Pa.,.., 

Ill 

Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

HI 

Ill 

Ky.... 

Pa 

N.  0.., 
Me...,. 


947 

466 

1,267 

2,536 

1,900 


3,078 


692 


4,037 

743 

60,840 

912 


686 
413 
999 
860 


1,764 

161 

1,221 


333 
1,366 


894 
664 


326 


1,813 


299 


871 
1,933 
1,095 
1,620 


1,225 
951 


751 
1,142 
1,472 
778 
414 
1,380 
1,084 


1,481 
"2,124 


273 
1,121 


963 


304 


798 
308 


352 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Placa. 


Kewlin tp. 

NowUn tp. 

New  Lisbon p.r. 

New  Lisbon tp. 

New  Lisbon p.tp. 

New  Lisbon p.v. 

New  Listen p.v. 

New  London p.h. 

New  London c. 

New  London ..p.v. 

New  Loudon tp. 

New  Loudon p.v. 

New  London p.h. 

New  London tp. 

New  London p.h. 

New  London p.v. 

New  London p.tp. 

New  London p.v. 

New  London v. 

New  London tp. 

New  London p.v. 

New  London p.tp. 

New  London v. 

New  London c. 

New  Lothrop p.h. 

New  Lots tp. 

New  Luxemburg. ..v. 

New  Lyme P-tp. 

New  Lyme tp. 

New  Madison p.v. 

New  Madrid tp. 

New  Madrid p.v. 

Newuian tp. 

Newman p.v. 

New  Manor v. 

Newmanstown p.v. 

New  Market p.v. 

-New  Market p.v. 

New  Market p.h. 

New  Market v. 

New  Market p.v. 

New  Market p.tp. 

New  Market p.v. 

New  Market p.tp. 

New  Market p.v. 

New  Market p.tp. 

New  Market tp. 

Now  Market p.v. 

New  Market v. 

New  Market p.v. 

New  Market p.v. 

New  Marlborough.p.tp. 
New  Mai-tinaburg..p.v. 
New  Martinsville  ..p.v. 
New  Mntamora8....p.v, 

New  Mayaville p.v. 

New  Mayville p.v. 

New  Medina h. 

New  Melle p.v. 

New  Memphis p.v. 

New  Middleton p.v. 

New  Middletown...p.v. 
New  Middletown...p.v. 

New  Milford tp. 

New  Milford p.v. 

New  Milford tp. 

New  Milford p.v. 

New  Milford p.h. 

New  Milford tp. 

New  Milford p.b. 

New  Millport p.v. 

New  Minden p.v. 

New  Monmouth. ...p.h. 
New  Mt.  Pleiisant-.p.v. 
New  Mt.  Plea8aut..h. 

New  Munster p.h. 

Newnan p.v. 

New  Oregon tp. 

New  Orleans c. 

New  Oxford p.b. 

New  Palestine v. 

New  Palestine p.h. 

New  Paltz tp. 

New  Paltz p.v. 

New  Paris p.v. 

New  Paris p.v. 

New  Paris p.v. 

New  Petersburg. ...h. 
New  Petersburg. ...p.v. 
New  Philadelphla..p.v. 
New  Phlladelphia.b. 

New  Pittsburg p.h. 

New  Pittsburg p.v. 


Ooantjr. 


Alamance 

Chester. 

Henry 

Stoddard 

Otsego 

Columbiana.. 

Juneau 

Union 

New  London 

Howard 

Henry 

Henry 

Frederick 

Kandiyohi ... 
Kandiyohi ... 

Balls 

Merrimac 

Oneida 

Butler 

Huron 

Huron 

Chester. 

Campbell 

Waupaca 

Shiawassee... 

Kings 

St.  Louis , 

Ashtabula 

Monroe 

Darke 

New  Madrid. 
New  Madrid. 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Lancaster , 

Lebanon 

Madison 

Montgomery . 

Marion , 

Baltimore , 

Frederick 

Scott 

Platte™ 

Rockingham.. 
Middlesex..... 

Randolph 

Highland 

Highland 

York , 

Jefferson 

Shenandoah... 

Berkshire 

Fayette.» 

Wetzel , 

Washington... 

Putnam 

Clarion 

Columbia 

St.  Charles ... 

Clinton 

Smith 

Harrison 

Mahoning...., 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Winnebago... 
Winnebago... 

Orange 

Susquehanna 
Susquehanna 

Cloiirfleld 

Washington... 
Monmouth..., 

Jay 

Vinton 

Kenosha 

Coweta 

Howard 

Orleans 

Adams 

Haucock 

Cooper , 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Elkhart 

Preble 

Bedford 

Hopkins 

Highland 

Tuscarawas-. 
Schuylkill.... 

Randolph 

Crawford 


State. 


N.  O.... 

Pa 

Ind  .... 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Ark.».. 
Conn ... 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Md 

Minn... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa„ 

Va 

Wis 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Wis.-.., 
Ohio.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ala 

Ind 

Ky 

Md 

Md 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H..... 
N.  J .... 
N.  C-... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio...., 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Va 

Mass.... 
Ohio.... 
W.  Va. 
Ohio..... 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mo 

Ill 

Tenn... 

Ind 

Ohio... 
Conn... 
Conn  ... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y-.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  J.... 

Ind 

Ohio...., 

Wis 

Ga 

Iowa..., 

La 

Pa 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  y„.. 

N.  Y-.. 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Ky 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Ind 

Kan.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


862 
775 


1,182 
1,646 
1,669 
1,221 


9,576 


410 
969 


1,475 
678 
911 


9,800 
'"*708 


452 
2,861 

634 
1,077 


472 
'i',987 


1,297 
1,107 


600 
1,866 


260 
406 
109 


147 
3,586 


916 


1,647 
.600 


1,917 

996 

191,418 


2,040 


216 

3,143 

668 


1,167 
779 
187 

1,860 

1,569 

2,028 

1,024 

66 

10,537 

246 

1,736 
668 
97 
S02 
66 
602 
876 
391 
281 

1,764 

1,011 
891 
198 

1,808 
92 
13,665 
158 
893 
140 
644 

3,702 
712 

2,140 
906 

1,213 
511 
144 
119 
74 
116 
402 
956 
156 

2,368 
693 

1,222 

1,080 
145 
287 
354 
662 

1,876 
158 
778 
631 
114 
107 
66 
264 
134 
257 
171 
190 

3,907 

1,416 

920 

199 

98 

1,466 
803 
117 
146 
73 
118 
44 
87 

2,006 

1,199 

216,090 

501 

391 

35 

1,958 
493 
318 
835 
176 
39 
227 

3,070 

860 

78 

624 


Place. 


New  Point p.v. 

New  Point p.h. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport h. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport c. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.tp, 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.tp, 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport h. 

Newport v. 

Newport v. 

Newport v. 

Newport p.tp. 

Newport p.h. 

Newport v. 

Newport v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport h. 

Newport p.b. 

Newport h. 

Newport c. 

Newport p.v. 

Nevrport h. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v,i 

Newport v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport... h. 

Newport v. 

Newport v. 

Newport tp. 

New  Portage p.h. 

New  Portland p.tp. 

Newportville p.v. 

New  Posen tp. 

New  Pottsville h. 

New  Prairie p.tp 

New  Prospect h. 

New  Providence  ...h. 
New  Providence. ...p.v. 
New  Providence.. ..p.v. 
New  Providence.. ..p.tp. 
New  Providence.. ..p.v. 
New  Providence.. ..p.v. 

New  Reading v. 

New  Richland tp. 

New  Richland p.v. 

New  Richmond p.h. 

New  Richmond p.v. 

New  Richmond tp. 

New  Richmond p.v. 

New  Riegel p.v. 

New  Ringgold p.b. 

New  River tp. 

New  River h. 

New  River p.v. 

New  River  Depot...p.v. 

New  Rochelle p.tp. 

New  Rockhill v. 

New  Roe p.v. 

New  Ross p.v. 

New  Rumley p.v. 

Newry p.tp. 

Newry p.tp. 

Newry p.b. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.v. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.h. 

New  Salem p.v. 

New  Salem v. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.h. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.v. 

New  Salem h. 

New  Salem p,v. 


County, 


Decatur- 

Holt 

Jackson 

New  Castle.,... 

Wakulla 

Lake 

Vermilion 

Wayne 

Johnson 

Campbell- 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Monroe 

Washington.... 

Attala 

Barton 

Sullivan 

Sullivan , 

Cumberland-., 

Herkimer 

Herkimer. 

Carteret 

Carteret 

Adams 

Madison 

Shelby 

Tuscarawaa 

Washington... 

Benton 

Coos , 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Northampton.. 

Perry 

York , 

Newport 

Cocke 

Jackson 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Augusta 

Giles 

Page 

Marion-... 

Wood... 

Columbia- 

Summit 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Svrift 

Schuylkill 

Pope 

Ocean 

Greene 

Clarke 

Hardin 

Union 

Lancaster 

Montgomery .. 

Perry 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Montgomery .. 

Clermont 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Seneca 

Schuylkill 

Trinity 

Huron 

Scott 

Pulaski 

Westchester-., 
Huntingdon.  „ 

Allen 

Montgomery,.. 

Harrison 

Oxford 

Freeborn 

Blair 

McDonough..,. 

Pike 

Pike 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Albany 

Ontario- 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Union 

Fairfield 

Armstrong 

Fayette 


State. 


Ind 

Mo 

Ark_... 

Del 

Fla 

Ill- 

Ind , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Ky 

Me , 

Me 

Mich,... 
Minn ... 
Miss — 

Mo 

N,  H.,. 
N,  H..,. 
N,  J.,.. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-,.. 

N.  0 

N,  0 

Ohio-,., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.,, 

Ohio 

Oregon 
Oregon. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

R.  I-..., 
Tenn,.,. 

Tex 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Va 

Va. 

W.  Va.. 
W.  Va.. 
Wis.-.., 

Ohio 

Me 

Pa. 

Minn  „. 

Pa 

Minn ... 
N,J-,.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
N,  J-,- 

Pa 

Tenn  „, 

Ohio 

Minn  .„ 
Minn,,, 

Ind 

Ohio-,,. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio-,., 

Pa, 

Cal 

Mich,,.. 
Tena ... 

Va. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ky 

Ind 

Oh}o-.., 

Me 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass..,, 
Mass.... 
N.  Y-.., 
N.  Y — 
N.  0..., 
N.  0-.,.. 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 


Popnlatlon. 


1870.     1880. 


1,289 

S98 

843 

814 

16,087 

1,669 


307 


2,163 


1,954 
661 
968 
121 


2,002 


1,279 


946 


12,621 
281 


2,060 


1,702 


1,454 


934 


632 


8,616 
876 


236 


3,916 


146 


416 
696 


1.' 

1,418 
316 
987 


931 


2,191 
177 


174 
81 

683 
63ft 

80 

1,231 

691 

471 

836 

20,4.33 

1,451 

648 

283 

342 

107 

618 

2,612 

1,342 

1,010 

1,963 

713 

1,027 

166 

60 

176 

248 

169 

2,648 

62 

110 

308 

1,631 

77 

1,309 

36 

16,693 

347 

67 

2,426 

920 

102 

202 

88 

113 

231 

1,620 

7« 

1,271 

241 

366 

91 

217 

79 

72 

249 

146 

781 

113 

820 

118 

746 

304 

72 

2,546 

1,386 

729 

367 

100 

217 

98 

126 

192 

6,276 

200 

166 

317 

176 

337 

737 

32« 

1,211 

1,704 

175 

869 

69 

178 

141 

930 

87 

2,811 

106 

80 

168 


353 


«l 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES, 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Kew  Salem b. 

New  Salem b. 

Ne\T  Salem..., p.h. 

New  Salem.» p.v. 

New  Salem  Centre.p.h. 

New  Salisbury p.h. 

New  Santa  F6 p.h. 

New  Scotland p.tp. 

New  Scottsvllle h. 

New  Sewickley tp. 

New  Sharon p.T. 

New  Sharon tp. 

New  Sharon p.v. 

New  Sheffield p.h. 

New  Shoreham.~...tp. 

New  Site p.h. 

New  Smyrna.- p.v. 

New  Springfield..., p.T. 
New  SpringviIle....p.T. 

NewBtead tp. 

New  Stralt8ville....p.T. 

New  Straaburg h. 

New  Sweden p.tp. 

New  Sweden tp. 

Newton ^ p.r. 

Newton p.r. 

Newton. p.v. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton ^ tp. 

Newton p.T. 

Newtou tp. 

Newton p.T. 

Newton  1... e. 

Newton tp. 

Newton v. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.v. 

Newton. tp. 

Newton p.T. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.T. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton v. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton v. 

Newton p.h. 

Newton p.T. 

Newton n. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.h. 

Newton  Falls. p.T. 

Newton  Qrove p.h. 

Newton  Hamilton..p.b. 

Newtonla tp. 

Newtonia p.T. 

Newton  Junctlon...p.T. 

NewtonsviHe p.T. 

NewtouTille p.T. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown p.v. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown h. 

New  Town-. t. 

Newtown*.- tp. 

Newtown p.T. 

Newtown p.T. 

Newtown- p.b. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown h. 

Newtown t. 

Newtown v. 

New  Trenton p.T. 

New  Trenton.- t. 

New  Trier tp. 

New  Trier p.T. 

New  Tripoli .p.T. 

New  Troy p.T. 

New  Ulm-^ p.T. 

New  ntreebt- p.tp. 


Oonnly. 


WestmoreUnd-.. 

York 

Busk 

Harrison 

Franklin 

Harrison < 

Jackson- 

Albany 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Mahaska 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Beaver 

Newport 

Tallapoosa 

Volusia 

Mahoning 

Richmond 

Erie 

Perry- 

Fairfield 

Aroostook- 

Nicollet 

Dale 

Baker. 

Jasper 

Whiteside- 

Jasper 

Buchanan 

Carroll 

Jasper - 

Jasper. 

Harvey- 

Harvey 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Houghton 

Mackinac.- 

Shannon »... 

Taney 

Sussex 

Rockingham .... 
Rockingham .... 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Licking 

Miami 

Muskingum 

Pike 

Trumbull 

Union 

Cumberland 

Lackawanna 

Lancaster 

Newton 

Cache 

La  Crosse 

Manitowoc 

Marquette 

"Vernon 

Trumbnil 

Sampson.... 

Mifflin 

Newton 

Newton 

Rockingham .... 

Clermont 

Spencer 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Livingston 

Vermilion 

Eureka. 

Queens 

Queens 

Hamilton 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Greene 

Schuylkill 

Frederick 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Cook 

Dakota 

Lehigh 

Berrien 

Brown 

Kings 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa 

448 

Pa 

Tex 

W.  Va.- 



Ind 

Mo 

N.  T 

3,411 

Pa 

Pa 

i,602 

Iowa.... 

Me 

^461* 

Me 

Pa 

B.  L 

i.iia 

Ala 

Fla 

Ohio 

142 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

3,380 

Ohio 

Ohio 

44 

Me 

Minn  ... 

668 

Ala 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

880 

Ind 

468 

Iowa.... 

981 

Iowa.... 

400 

Iowa.... 

2,686 

Iowa.... 

1,983 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 

12,825 

Mich.... 

976 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

' 

Mo 

193 

Mo 

603 

N.  J 

2,403 

N.  H 

866 

N.  H 

N.  C 

1,696 

N.C 

323 

Ohio 

1,283 

Ohio 

2,241 

Ohio 

2,389 

Ohio 

1,138 

Ohio 

1,280 

Ohio 

Pa 

2,346 

Pa 

1,067 

Pa. 

Tex 

Utah.... 

196 

Wis 

Wis 

1,992 

Wis 

60S 

Wis 

Ohio 

N.  C- ... 

Pa 

360 

Mo 

1,609 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

...... 

Ohio 

120 

Ind 

Conn.... 

3,681 

Conn.... 

Ill 

1,114 

Ill 

Nev 

N.  Y„... 

20,274 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

8.59 

Pa 

933 

Pa 

748 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

625 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ill 

1,106 

Minn ... 

•••.•»..•• 

Pa 

Mich.... 



Minn ... 

N.Y 

3J296 

440 
224 
86 
248 
78 
81 
42 

3,251 
62 

1,878 
805 

1,306 

274 

74 

1,203 

72 

119 

234 

380 

3,670 

2,782 
36 
617 
775 
469 
167 

1,168 
891 
676 
876 
688 

3,228 

2,6()7 
728 

2,601 
16,995 
983 
282 
286 
261 
675 

2,613 

1,006 
266 

2,312 
583 

1,332 

2,829 

2,260 

1,369 

1,.368 
175 

1,843 

1,027 

170 

68 

304 

47 

1,867 

724 

41 

676 

61 

317 

1,612 
436 
449 
160 
151 

4,013 
263 

1,344 

50 

251 

9,804 
1.33 
424 

1,001 
970 
734 
43 
385 
479 
128 
102 

2,223 
104 
130 
392 

2,471 

4,742 


Place. 


New  Vernon p.v. 

New  Vernon. ....»,..h. 

New  Vernon p.tp. 

New  Vernon ....p.h. 

New  Vienna p.T. 

New  Village p.T. 

Newville- p.T. 

Newville.- tp. 

Newville.- p.T. 

Newville p.b. 

Newrille— t. 

New  Vineyard p.tp. 

New  Wa8hington...p.v. 
New  Washington.-p.v. 
New  WR8hIngton...p.b. 
New  Wa8hington...h. 

New  Waterford. p.T. 

New  Waverly.......p.T. 

New  Waverly p.h. 

New  Wells p.h. 

New  Wilmington.,  p.b. 
New  Wlnche8ter...p.T. 
New  Winchester  ...p.h. 
New  Wind8or...-...p.T. 

New  Windsor -p.T. 

New  Windsor tp. 

New  Wine tp. 

New  Woodstock.  ...p.T. 

New  York tp. 

New  York tp. 

New  York c. 

New  York p.h. 

N.  Y.  Lower  Mills.v. 
New  York  Mills.. ..p.tp. 
New  York  Mills.. ..p. v. 
N.  Y.  Upper  Mills.v. 
New  York  Works.. v. 

New  ZIon p.tp. 

Niagara tp. 

Niagara  Falls p.v. 

Niantic p.T. 

Niantic tp. 

Niantic p.T. 

Niantic p.v. 

Nicasio p.tp. 

Nichnlasville p.T. 

Nichols p.tp. 

Nichols p.T. 

Nichols  Farms t. 

Nicholson tp. 

Nicholson tp. 

Nicholson p.b. 

Nichol  Station p.T. 

Nicholsville p.h. 

Nicholville p.T. 

Nickelsville p.h. 

Nickerson p.v. 

Nicktown p.h. 

Nicodemus p.tp 

Nicolaus tp. 

Nicolans p.v. 

Nicollet tp. 

Nicollet p.h. 

Nidaroe tp. 

Nietos ....T. 

Nile tp. 

Niles p.T. 

Niles - ..-.tp. 

Niles....... ....p.T. 

Niles .~ tp. 

Niles tp. 

Niles p.h. 

Niles. c. 

Niles- tp. 

Niles- p.tp. 

Niles p.v. 

Niles  Centre p.v. 

Nilwood tp. 

Nilwood p.v. 

Nimishillen tp. 

Nine  Mile  Prairie  *.tp. 

Ninety-Six tp. 

Ninety-Six p.v. 

Nineveh tp. 

Nineveh p.tp. 

Nineveh tp. 

Nineveh p.h. 

Nineveh tp. 

Nineveh h. 

Nineveh p.h. 

Nininger. p.tp. 


Coanty. 


Morris- 

Orange-..^...-.... 

Mercer 

Mercer - 

Clinton 

Warren 

Colusa— 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland ..... 

Lancaster 

Franklin- 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Clearfield 

Indiana 

Columbiana...... 

Cass „.. 

Walker 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Lawrence 

Hendricks 

Ci-awford- 

Mercer - 

Carroll 

Orange 

Dubuque- 

Madison -.. 

Yuba 

Caldwell 

New  York 

Henderson-. 

Oneida- 

Otter  Tail 

Oneida- 

Oneida 

Saginaw 

Clarendon 

Niagara 

Niagara 

New  London-... 

Macon-. 

Macon 

Washington 

Marin - 

Jessamine......... 

Tioga. 

Marion 

Fairfield 

Fayette 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Muscatine 

Clermont 

St.  Lawrence 

Scott. 

Reno 

Cambria 

Graham 

Sutter 

Sutter 

Nicollet 

Nicollet 

Otter  Tail 

San  Miguel 

Scioto 

Alameda.- 

Cook- 

Cook 

Delaware 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Cayuga 

Trumbull 

Cook 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Stark 

Callaway 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Bartholomew.... 

Johnson 

Adair. 

Adair 

Lincoln 

Clermont 

Greene 

Dakota 


State. 


PopnUtlon. 


1870.      1880. 


N.  J-., 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Ohic.. 
N.J-.. 
Cal ..... 

Ind 

Ind...., 

Pa. 

Pa 

Me. 

Ind..... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Ind.,.., 
Tex.-. 
Mo.-.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio- 

Hl , 

Md ... 
N.  Y- 
lowa. 
N.  Y- 
Oal.... 
Mo.... 
N.  Y- 
Tex.- 
N.  Y- 
Minn 
N.  Y- 
N.Y- 
Mich. 
8.  C... 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y- 
Conn. 

Ill 

Ill 

B.I.- 
Cal.... 
Ky.... 
N.Y- 
8.  C... 
Conn 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Iowa. 
Ohio.. 
N.  Y- 
Va.... 
Kan- 

Pa 

Kan- 

Cal.... 

Cal.... 

Minn 

Minn 

Minn 

N.  Mex. 

Ohio 

Cal... 

111-.. 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Mich, 

Mich 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 

111...., 

HI 

Ill 

Ohio.. 
Mo.... 
S.  C... 
S.C... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Mo.... 
Mo... 
Mo.... 
Ohio. 
Pa...., 
Minn  -. 


796 


67S 


64S 


907 
133 
766 

'573 
211 


370 

396 

2,482 

2,046 


642 
867 
942,292 


640 

6,832 
3,006 


977 


692 
1,089 
1,668 


1,369 
1,646 


799 


1,473 
1,791 


1,140 
661 


4,630 
1,909 
1,912 


2,645 
3,679 
2,586 


767 

1,660 

420 


400 


100 
55 
846 
60 
797 
160 
106 
744 
224 
1,647 
169 
788 
268 
676 
280 
38 
192 
166 
70 
79 
628 
116 
89 
618 
426 
2,576 
2,334 
334 
647 
988 
1,206,299 
39 
378 
360 
902 
931 
146 
795 
7,432 
3,320 
626 
1,062 
321 
191 
564 
2,303 
1,709 
122 
304 
1,613 
988 
686 
286 
65 
280 
80 
697 
57 
452 
907 
136 
939 
99 
811 
382 
1,905 
136 
2,503 
239 
1,154 
902 
22 
4,197 
1,663 
1,875 
3,879 
293 
1,344 
879 
3,114 
2,632 
3,326 
468 
720 
1,689 
1,218 
58 
1,005 
67 
58 
239 


1  In  1876,  part  of  Boston  annexed. 
354 


»  In  1870,  including  Long  Island  City 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF    1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plaea. 


Coanty. 


Ninnescah ....tp. 

Ninnescah...^.. tp. 

Niobrara -.p.r. 

Niota ^„...T. 

NippenoM ..». p.tp. 

Nirvaua „ p.h. 

Kiahnabatooa tp. 

KUbnabatona p.h. 

NUhnabotany -tp. 

Niskayana .«..— tp. 

Niskaynua ....-p.h. 

NiTerviUe p.T. 

Nixon „ tp. 

NlxoDton -tp. 

Nixonton....~ p.b. 

Noank .._...-. p.  v. 

Noble tp. 

Noble .............p.T. 

Noble.......... tp. 

Noble........ tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble......... ....tp. 

Noble _ ....tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble _ tp. 

Noble.......... tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble „tp. 

Noble ..M......~..tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Nobleboro<igh.......p.tp. 

Nobleatown .....p.v. 

NoblesviUe „..-tp. 

NobleariUe -p.r. 

NoblesTille  ...........r. 

Nockamizon...... -.p.tp, 

Nodaway .tp. 

Nodaway ....v. 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway p.tp, 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway  1 tp. 

NokomU -.tp. 

Nokomls .........p.T. 

Nokomii -.tp. 

NolenBTille -p.T. 

Nora -tp. 

Nora -p.T. 

Nora p.tp. 

Nora  Springs -.p.T. 

NoraTille h. 

Norbome -tp. 

Norborne -p.T. 

Norcroes p.T. 

Nordlaad „tp. 

Norfolk p.tp. 

Norfolk p.tp, 

Norfolk tp. 

Norfolk p.T. 

Norfolk p.tp, 

Norfolk c. 

Normal p.T. 

Nonnalville p.T. 

Norman tp. 

Norman tp. 

.    tp. 

nda p.T. 

Bdy p.T. 

ady p.h. 

lormanla tp. 

Vorrldgewock tp. 

Sforridgewock p.T. 

Norris p.T. 

Norrig tp. 

NorriB  City p.T. 

NorrlBtown h. 

Norristown p.b. 

NorrisTiUe p.T. 

Norriton tp. 

NoraeTiUe h. 

North .»..^ 

North tp. 

North tp. 

North tp. 

North tp. 

North  Abiagton....p.T. 
North  Abington....^. 


Cowley- 

Sedgwick.... 

Knox 

Hancock 

Lycoming 

Lake 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Crawford 

Schenectady- 

Schenectady  ....... 

Columbia- 

DeWitt_ 

Pasquotank 

Pasquotank 

New  London 

Richland 

BichUud 

Cass 

Jay 

La  Porte 

Noble _ 

Bush 

Shelby 

Wabash - 

Caas , 

Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Marshall 

Branch- 

Auglaize 

Defiance 

Noble 

Lincoln 

Alleghany 

Hamilton- 

Hamilton— 

Noble 

Bucks 

Adams 

Adams 

Page 

Taylor -., 

Andrew 

Nodaway............ 

Holt 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Buena  Vista 

Williamson- 

Jo  Daviess , 

Jo  Daviess 

Pope 

FlOTd 

Bicnardson 

Carroll 

Carroll , 

Qwiuuett 

Lyon- , 

Litchfield. 

Norfolk 

Renville 

Madison 

St.  Lawrence...... 

Norfolk 

McLean- 

Cook , 

Grundy 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Dent 

Tipton , 

St.  Louis 

Bedford 

Yellow  Medicine 

Somerset ..., 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Edgefield 

White 

Shelby 

Montgomery 

Harford - 

Montgomery 

Caledonia 

Lake 

Marshall 

Labette- 

Dade 

Harrison , 

Plymouth 

Lackawanna 


State. 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880, 


Kan... 
Kan-. 

Neb.... 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.. 

Mo 

Mo ..., 
Iowa.. 
N.Y-. 
N.Y-, 
N.Y-. 
IlL...., 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Conn. 

Hi-... 
111-.... 

Ind.... 
Ind... 
Ind... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Me. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill- 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Tenn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn... 
Iowa.... 

Neb 

Mo ..... 

Mo 

Qa 

Minn ... 
Coon  ... 
Mass.... 
Minn... 
Neb. 

N.  y.,... 

Va 

Ill „ 

111 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Ind 

Mo 

Tenn ... 
Minn ... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

S.O 

lU- 

Ind 

Pa 

Md 

Pa 

Vt 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Mo 

Ohio 

Mass.... 
PR-. 


607 


1,260 


1,106 


649 
1,626 


1,333 
380 
904 
1,218 
1,008 
1,013 

1,733 
7,366 


756 
1,159 

867 
1,121 
1,150 


3,568 
1,435 


1,628 
628 


2,150 

422 

2,363 


2,066 

2,738 

893 

278 


IfiiQ 


99 


1,641 
1,081 


2,441 
19,229 

1416 
....„.._. 


730 


1.756 


1,486 


10,763 
"i,335 


1,593 

1,484 

581 

725 

1,202 


677 

380 

476 

192 

656 

96 

1,168 

43 

304 

990 

73 

219 

896 

1,996 

67 

706 

1,657 

502 

953 

1,320 

1,154 

1,315 

1,136 

1,845 

7,609 

845 

553 

408 

620 

723 

1,303 

912 

1,420 

1,142 

299 

4,550 

2,221 

102 

1,654 

1,108 

108 

3,602 

878 

2,621 

2,055 

752 

2,043 

1,062 

1,081 

146 

1,007 

333 

309 

617 

93 

2,719 

602 

500 

343 

1,418 

930 

296 

547 

2,471 

21,966 

2,470 

352 

446 

340 

613 

114 

199 

76 

253 

1,491 

542 

147 

2,958 

400 

92 

13,063 

102 

1,368 

74 

2y540 

1,727 

895 

1,209 

1,410 

1,238 

1,071 


Place. 


County. 


North  AdaoM -p.tp. 

North  Adams -p.T. 

North  Alton p.T. 

North  Amherst  ...-p.T. 

Northampton -tp. 

Northampton p.tp. 

Northampton tp. 

Northampton p.tp. 

Northampton tp. 

Northampton tp. 

Northampton -tp. 

North  Audover....„p.tp. 
North  Annville...-tp. 
North  Anson. ........p.T. 

North  Argyle -p.h. 

North  Baltimore  ...p.T. 
North  Beaver. ..«.-tp. 
North  Belle  Vemon..b. 

North  Bend tp. 

North  Bend p.v. 

North  Bend p.T. 

North  Bend h. 

North  Bend p.h. 

North  Bennington.p.T. 

North  Bentou p.T. 

North  Bergen -tp. 

North  Bergen p.T. 

North  Berwick .p.tp. 

North  BlairBville...T. 
North  Bloomfield...p.T. 
North  Bloomfield...p.T. 
North  Bloomfield...p.tp. 

North  borough tp. 

Northborough p.T. 

North  Branch p.tp. 

North  Branch p.tp. 

North  Branch p.h. 

North  Branch p.v. 

North  Branch p.h. 

North  Branch tp. 

NorthBrauchSta'n.p.T. 
North  Branford...-p.tp, 

Northbridge p.tp, 

North  Bridgeton  ...p.T. 
North  Bridgewater.p.b. 

Northbrook p.tp. 

North  Brookfleld...tp. 
North  Brookfield...p.T. 
North  Brookfleld...p.T. 
North  Brownsville.T. 
North  Brunswick  ..tp. 

North  Buffalo p.tp. 

North  Callanan....T. 
North  Cambridge.-p.T. 

North  Canaan tp. 

North  Castle p.tp. 

North  Centre h. 

North  Charlestown.p.h. 

North  Chatham p.T. 

North  Chatham p.T. 

North  Chester b. 

North  Chester p.T. 

North  Codorus tp. 

North  Cohocton p.T. 

North  Collins tp. 

North  Collins p.T. 

North  Columbia.. ..p.T. 

North  Conway p.T. 

North  Cove p.tp. 

North  Coventry tp. 

North  Craftsbury-.p.T. 

North  Cuba p.h. 

North  Dana p.T. 

North  Dangville....tp. 
North  Danville. ..-.p.h. 

North  Danville p.T. 

North  DarkesTille.T. 

North  Dorset p.b. 

North  East tp. 

North  East tp. 

Northeast tp. 

North  East _.p.T. 

North  East -.tp. 

North  East tp. 

North  East -.p.b. 

North  Elb* -p.tp. 

Northern tp. 

North  Evans p.v. 

North  Fairfield  ..._p.T. 
North  Falmouth  ...p.T. 
North  Fayette tp. 


Berluhire- 

Hillsdale 

Madison 

Lorain 

Books 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Fulton 

Summit- 

Bucks 

Somerset.......... 

Essex 

Lebanon 

Somerset 

Washington 

Wood- 

Lawrence- - 

Westmoreland . 

Starke 

Dodge 

Hamilton 

Coos 

Jackson- 

Bennington—... 

Mahoning. 

Hudson- 

Genesee 

York 

Indiana- 

Nevada. 

Ontario 

Morrow- 

Worcester- 

Worcester 

Lapeer 

Isanti -... 

nillsborough... 

Somerset 

SulliTan 

Wyoming- 

Chisago- 

New  Haven  -... 

Worcester 

Cumberland 

Oneida 

Lincoln 

Worcester....... 

Worcester....... 

Madison 

Linn 

Middlesex- 

Armstrong 

Hamilton— ...... 

Middlesex- 

Litchfield 

Westchester-... 

Ashtabula 

SulliTan 

Barnstable 

Columbia.- 

Delaware—...... 

Windsor 

York™ 

Steuben. , 

Erie 

Erie 

NeTada- 

Carroll 

McDowell 

Chester- 

Orleans— 

Alleghany....... 

Worcester 

LiTingston 

Caledonia....... 

Pittsylvania 

Berkeley 

Bennington-... 

Yuba. 

Adams 

Orange 

Cecil 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Erie 

Essex ~.... 

Franklin 

Erie - 

Huron 

Barnstable 

AlleghMiy....... 


State. 


MsM.. 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ohio-.. 
Kan.-. 


N.  J,-. 
N.  Y- 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Pa 

M 

Pa 

Me.. 
N.Y 
Ohio. 
Pa....... 

Pa. 

Ind 

Neb-... 
Ohio .... 
Oregon. 
WU.-.. 

Vt 

Ohio-... 

N.J 

N.Y-.- 

Me 

Pa. 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 
Mass..., 
Mass... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 

N.  H 

N.J..., 
N.  Y-... 

Pa. 

Minn- 
Conn.... 

Mass 

Me 

N.Y-.„ 
N.  0 — 
Mass-.- 
Mass-., 

N.  Y 

Oregon. 

Pa. ..".'! 
Iowa. ., 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Conn... 
N.  Y— 
Ohio-., 
N.  H-.. 
Mass-., 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa. 

N.Y-. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.Y— 

Cal 

N.  H.. 

N.  a.. 

Pa. 

Vt 

N.Y-., 
Masa.., 
N.  Y..., 

Vt- 

Va. 

W.Va.. 

Vt- 

Cal 

Hi 

Ind 

Md 

N.  Y.._ 

Pa. 

P»- 

N.  Y-.- 

lU 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ma«.... 
Pa. 


1,983 


606 


138 
3,032 


1,6S3 


1,194 
1,604 

'"762 
224 


868 

T,oa6 

3,774 


626 
8,343 


1,124 
14)67 


1,096 
1,096 


ii,478 

"i/i? 


874 
1,261 


4,016 


863 

1,621 

930 

748 

«,179 

8,213 

900 

849 

B88 

150 


I,48S 


10,191 
433 
838 

1,542 

646 

12,172 

4,630 

2,069 
977 

1,768 
84a 

3,217 

2,134 

464 

95 

701 

1,984 
208 
694 
415 
412 
84 
50 
714 
131 

4,268 
139 

1,801 
100 
724 
142 

1,227 

1,676 
508 

1,656 
707 
63 
120 
97 
4U0 
142 

1,026 

4,053 

273 

62 

1,401 

4,459 

3,427 
180 
807 

1,251 

1.216 
169 

6,758 

1,537 

1,818 
48 
44 
160 
163 

1,381 
158 

2,650 
268 

1,858 
421 
890 
653 
990 

1,441 

142 

50 

872 

4,178 
83 

1,200 

189 

83 

244 

1,463 
997 
9Sf 

8,181 

8,168 

1,398 
480 

1,856 
14* 
477 
108 

8,8tt 


I  In  1874,  parte  to  Hickory  and  Forbea 


866 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAEED. 


Place. 


County. 


North  FerrlBbiirg~.p.T. 

Northfield p.T. 

Northfleld tp. 

Northfield p.h. 

Northfield p.tp. 

Northfleld p.tp. 

Northfleld tp. 

Northfleld tp. 

Northfleld p.v. 

Northfleld p.tp. 

Northfield tp. 

Northfield T. 

Northfield tp. 

Northfield p.T. 

Northfield tp. 

Northfleld p.T. 

Northfleld p.tp. 

Northfleld  Centre..v. 

Northford p.T. 

North  Fork tp. 

North  Fork tp. 

North  Fork p.tp. 

North  Fork tp. 

North  Fork p.tp. 

North  Freedom p.T. 

North  Qreenhu8h...tp. 
North  QreeDfield...p.h. 

North  Orore p.T. 

North  Hampton. ...p.tp. 
North  Hampton„...p.T. 
North  Harpersfleld.p.h. 
North  Hartland.....p.v, 

North  Haven p.tp. 

North  Haven p.tp. 

North  Haven t. 

North  Hebron p.h. 

North  Hector p.T. 

North  Heidelberg-.p.tp, 
North  Hemp8tead..tp. 
North  Hender8on._p.tp. 
North  Hender8on...p.T. 

North  Hero tp. 

North  Hero p.tp. 

North  Hooaick p.T. 

North  HontBdale...T. 

North  Hudson p.tp. 

Nortli  Hndson p.T. 

North  Hunting^on.tp. 
NortJi  Hyde  Park...p.T. 

North  Industry .p.T. 

North  Jackson p.T. 

North  JaTa p.T. 

North  Jay p.h. 

North  Judson.. p.T. 

North  Kidder. tp. 

North  King8town..tp. 

North  Lake p.h. 

North  Lawrence  ...p.T. 
North  Lawrence  ...p.T. 
North  Lebanon......tp. 

North  Liberty p.T. 

North  Liberty t. 

North  Liberty p.T. 

North  Lima .p.T. 

North  Litchfleld...tp. 
North  Londonderry.T. 

North  Loup p.h. 

North  MacGregor..p.T. 

North  Madison p.T. 

North  Mahoning. ..tp. 
North  Manche8ter..p.T. 
North  Manheim....tp. 

North  Maniton isl. 

North  Middleton...tp. 
North  Middletown.p.T. 
North  Monroeville.p.T. 
North  Montpelier..p.h. 
North  Moreland....tp. 

North  Muddy tp. 

North  Murderkill..hnd 

North  Natick- t. 

North  Newberg p.T. 

North  New  Castle..p.T. 

North  Newport. p.h. 

North  NewPortland.p.T, 

North  Norwich tp, 

North  Norwich .p.T. 

North  Oak  Hill.....h. 

North  Okaw tp. 

North  Orange .p.h 

North  Otter tp. 


Addison- 

Litchfield........ 

Cook 

Des  Moines 

Washington-.... 

Franklin 

Washtenaw...... 

Bice 

Bice 

Merrimac  - 

Richmond 

Bichmoud- 

Summit 

Summit 

Washington-..., 

Washington 

Jackson- 

Washington 

New  HaTen...... 

Trinity , 

Delaware— 

Steams- 

Barton 

Aahe 

Armstrong 

Kensselaer. 

Logan 

Miami 

Rockingham ... 

Clark- 

Delaware- 

Windsor 

New  HaTen.-... 

Knox 

Sufi^olk 

Washington 

Schuyler 

Berks 

Queens 

Mercer 

Mercer.- , 

Redwood 

Grand  Isle 

Rensselaer 

Clearfield 

Essex 

St.  Croix 

Westmoreland.. 

Lamoille 

Stark 

Mahoning- 

Wyoming 

Franklin 

Starke - 

Carbon 

Washington 

Waukesha 

St.  Lawrence ... 

Stark 

Lebanon 

St.  Joseph 

Adams 

Knox- 

Mahoning. 

Montgomery..., 

Windham , 

Valley 

Clayton- 

Jefierson 

Indiana , 

Wabash 

Schuylkill 

Maniton 

Cuml)erland 

Bourbon , 

Erie 

Washington 

Wyoming. 

Jasper. , 

Kent 

Middlesex 

Shiawassee 

Lincoln 

Sullivan 

Somerset 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Schuylkill 

Coles 

Franklin 

Macoupin  - 


State. 


Vt 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich..- 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  H 

N.  Y-... 
N.  T-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Vt 

Conn..- 

Cal 

Iowa..- 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ind 

N.  H.... 
Ohio.,.., 
N.Y-.. 

Vt 

Conn... 

Me 

N,  Y-.. 
N.  Y„,. 
N.r-.. 

Pa 

N.  Y„., 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .. 

Vt 

N.  Y.... 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 
Wi«,-.. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
N.  Y.... 

Me 

Ind 

Pa 

R.I 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio- 
Ohio-., 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Vt 

Neb 

Iowa.., 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa 

Mich.., 

Pa. 

Ky 

Ohio... 

Vt 

Pa , 

111 , 

Del .... 
Mass.. 
Mich... 

Me 

N.  H„. 

Me 

N.  Y..., 
N.  Y„., 

Pa , 

111 

Mass.., 
Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,706 


190 
1,720 
1,300 
2,278 


833 
6,949 


1,009 


8,410 


499 


461 
912 
280 
644 
061 


3,068 


723 


1,771 
806 


979 
6,640 
1,062 


601 


738 


3,493 


3,668 


223 


1,263 


2,420 


1,223 
320 


831 

867 

3,631 


1,076 


1,711 


208 

245 

1,807 

99 

193 

1,603 

1,273 

3,160 

2,296 

918 

7,014 

136 

1,076 

119 

2,836 

1,313 

1,175 

161 

610 

606 

866 

470 

756 

1,239 

144 

4,131 

39 

236 

774 

173 

57 

207 

1,763 

766 

100 

66 

211 

950 

7,560 

1,138 

176 

196 

6.S7 

239 

2.037 

693 

199 

6,341 

226 

122 

200 

206 

28 

165 

661 

3,949 

54 

466 

494 

2,660 

346 

259 

133 

255 

961 

139 

74 

519 

802 

1,317 

1,585 

2,607 

73 

1,115 

377 

121 

83 

892 

1,254 

4,078 

182 

171 

150 

97 

253 

964 

164 

86 

1,721 

91 

1,087 


Place. 


County. 


North  Owego- h. 

North  Palmyra tp. 

North  Paris ...p.h. 

North  Parma -.p.T. 

North  Petersburg. .p.T. 
North  Pbar8alia....p.h. 
North  Pine  Grove-v. 

North  Pitcher p.T. 

North  Plainfield....tp. 

North  Plains tp. 

North  Platte p.T, 

Northport p.T. 

Northport p.tp, 

Northport p.T. 

Northport p.T. 

Northport p.T. 

North  Pownal p.T. 

North  Providence  itp. 
North  Randolph. ...p.h. 

North  Reading p.tp. 

North  Richmond... p.T. 
North  RobiDson...-p.T. 

North  Rose- p.T. 

North  Salem p.T. 

North  Salem tp. 

North  Salem p.h. 

North  Salem p.T. 

North  Salem p.tp. 

North  Sandwich. ...p.T. 
North  Sandwich....p.b. 

North  San  Juan p.T. 

North  Saugus t. 

North  Scituate p.T. 

North  8ewickley,..p.tp, 

North  Shade tp. 

North  Shapleigh...p.T. 
North  Shenango  ...tp. 

North  Side v. 

North  Smithfleld...tp. 
North  Springfleld..p.T. 

North  Star- p.tp. 

North  Star.- tp. 

North  Star p.h. 

North  Stonington-p.tp 
North  Stoughton...p.T. 

North  Strab«ne tp. 

North  Stratford-...v. 

North  Sutton- p.h. 

North  Tarrytown...p.T. 

North  Thetford p.h. 

North  Toledo t. 

North  Tonawanda..T. 

North  Towanda tp. 

North  Towanda. ..-T. 

North  Troy -p.T. 

North  Tunbridge-.p.h. 

North  Turner .p.T. 

Northumberland. ..p.tp. 
Northumberland. ..p.tp, 
Northumberland. ..p.b. 

North  Union tp. 

North  Union tp. 

North  Uniontown..p.h. 
North  Vassalboro'..p.T. 

North  Vernon p.T. 

North  Versailles  ...tp. 

North  Victory p.h. 

Nortliville p.tp 

Northville t. 

Northville p.T. 

Northville t. 

NorthTille p.T. 

Northville v. 

North  Wales p.b. 

North  Walpole p.T. 

North  Warren p.T. 

North  Washington.p.T. 
North  Washington.T. 
North  Waterford...p.h. 

North  Wayne p.T. 

North  Weare p.T, 

Northwest tp. 

North  West h. 

North  West* tp. 

North  West p.tp 

North  Western p.v. 

North  West  Fork...hnd 
North  Whitehall  s.tp. 
North  Windham—.p.T. 

Northwood— tp, 

Northwood— p.T. 


State. 


Tioga- 

Macoupin- 

Oxford 

Monroe -....M., 
Rensselaer  ...^.... 

Chenango- 

Schuylkill 

Chenango- 

Somerset 

Ionia- 

Lincoln- 

Tuscalooea 

Waldo 

Leelenaw ........... 

Sufiblk 

Waupaca 

Bennington  - 

Providence 

Orange -. 

Middlesex 

Cheshire 

Crawford ,-. 

Wayne , 

Hendricks 

Linn , 

Linn ...., 

Rockingham....... 

Westchester-....., 

Barnstable , 

Carroll , 

NeTada.- , 

Essex 

Plymouth 

BeaTer ^^.. 

Gratiot 

York 

Crawford , 

Saratoga. 

Providence , 

Greene , 

Gratiot 

Brown 

Darke 

New  London 

Norfolk- , 

Washing^n 

Coos 

Merrimac  ......... 

Westchester- , 

Orange.....^ 

Lucas 

Niagara- 

Bradford , 

Bradford 

Orleans-. 

Orange 

Androscoggin.-.. 

Coos 

Saratoga 

Northumberland 

Fayette 

Schiiylkill 

Highland 

Kennebec 

Jennings 

Alleghany 

Cayuga 

La  Salle 

Plymouth 

Wayne 

Cayuga 

Fulton 

Sufiblk 

Montgomery ..... 

Cheshire 

Warren 

Hardin- 

Butler. 

Oxford 

Kennebec-......., 

Hillsborough 

Orange-.,. 

Suffolk 

Brunsvrick .., 

Williams 

Oneida 

Sussex 

Lehigh 

Cumberland 

Worth 

Worth 


Popniatton. 


1870.      1880. 


N.Y, 
111-.. 
Me... 
N.Y 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  J 

Mich.... 

Neb 

Ala 

Me 

Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 

Wis. 

Vt 

B.I 

Vt 

Mass..., 
N.  H,... 

Ohio 

N.  Y — 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H-.« 
N.  Y — 
Mass.... 
N.H— . 

Cal 

Mass.... 
Maaa..- 

Pa 

Mich.- 

Me. 

Pa. 

N.  Y-., 
B.  I...., 

Mo 

Mich... 
Minn ., 
Ohio— 
Conn.- 
MasB-.. 

Pa. 

N.  H..„ 
N.  H-„ 
N.  Y-., 

Vt 

Ohio-., 
N.  Y-. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Vt 

Vt 

Me 

N.  H-... 
N.  Y-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Me 

Ind 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N,  Y — 
N.  Y-.., 

Pa 

N.  H 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Me 

Me 

N.  H 

Ind 

N.Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Del 

Pa 

Me 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.,.. 


1,976 

""eoi 

902 
238 


20,496 


942 


963 


1,764 


1,108 
890 


901 


8,062 


846 
10 


1,769 


1,273 


2,206 


692 


966 
1,666 
1,788 
1,683 

666 


1,768 
2,461 


1,187 


626 


407 


879 


2,030 
1,521 


2,071 
4,170 


726 
289 


1  In  1874,  parts  to  Providence  and  Pawtucket, 
356 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1870,  including  Coplay. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pl»c«. 


North  wood ~.tp. 

North  Woodbary...T. 
North  Woodbury  ...tp. 
North  Woodstock  ..p.T. 
North  Yam  Hill....p.T. 
North  Tannouth...p.tp. 

Nortoa m. -tp. 

Norton tp. 

Norton p.T. 

Norton ~p.tp. 

Norton tp. 

Norton tp. 

Norton ^ P-t. 

Norton tp. 

Norton tp. 

Norton  Hill p.h. 

NortonTillo p.v. 

Nortonvllle p.h. 

Nonrell tp. 

Norvell p.T, 

Norwalk tp. 

Norwalki ......p.b, 

Norwalk ...p.h. 

Norwalk tp. 

Norwalk -.c. 

Norwalk tp. 

Norwalk p.T, 

Norway p.T, 

Norway t. 

Norway tp. 

Norway ~ tp. 

Norway tp. 

Norway ^ p.tp. 

Norway tp. 

Norway p.y. 

Norway tp. 

Norway tp. 

Norway p.T. 

Norway tp. 

Norway  Hills p.h. 

Norway  Lake p.tp. 

Norwegian tp. 

Norwegian  Qrove..p.tp, 

Norwich -.tp. 

Norwich c. 

Norwich tp. 

Norwich p.tp. 

Norwich tp. 

Norwich tp. 

Norwich p.v, 

Norwich p.tp. 

Norwich tp. 

Norwich t. 

Norwood p.tp. 

Norwood p.tp. 

Norwood p.v. 

Norwood „p.v. 

Norwood V. 

Norwood  Park p.tp. 

Notasnlga p.T. 

Nottawa tp. 

Nottawa „ p.tp. 

Nottingham »p.tp. 

Nottingham p.v. 

Nottingham p.tp. 

Nottingham tp. 

Nottingham p.h. 

Nottingham ....tp. 

Nottla p.tp. 

Nottoway  0.  H p.T. 

NoT«  Scotia v. 

NoTato tp. 

NoTelty p.T. 

Novegta p.tp. 

Novl tp. 

NoTi p.T. 

Novinger ~. p.h. 

Noyack ~..t. 

Noyea tp. 

Nueces p.y. 

Numa p.T. 

Nunda -.tp. 

Nunda -.p.T. 

Nuuda „.tp. 

Nunda _.tp, 

Nunda. —p.T. 

Nunda  Station t. 

Nanica -p.T. 

Nntbush _.tp. 

Nattallbnrg p.T. 

Nyack -p.T. 


County. 


Bockingbam.... 

Morrow- 

Blair 

Windham 

Yam  Hill 

Cumberland 

Kankakee 

JeflTerson 

Norton 

BriBtol 

Muskegon 

Winona 

Delaware 

Summit 

Essex 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Hopkins 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Putnam 

Pottawattamie. 

Huron 

Hnron 

Monroe 

La  Salle 

White 

Humboldt 

Winnebago 

Wright.- 

Republic 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Fillmore 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Bacine 

Bosque 

Kandiyohi 

Schuylkill 

Otter  Tail 

New  London .... 
New  London ... 

Newaygo 

Chenango 

Franklin 

Huron , 

Muskingum 

McKean 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Norfolk 

CharleToix 

Carver „ 

St.  Lawrence.... 

Delaware 

Cook 

Macon 

Isabella 

St.  Joseph 

Wells- 

Prince  George's... 
Rockingham .. 

Harrison 

Chester 

Washington-.. 

Cherokee.. 

Nottoway 

Ingham 

Marin 

Knox 

Tuscola 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Adair...- 

SnfToIk - 

Clinton 

Nueces 

Appanoose 

McHenry 

McHenry.- 

Freeborn 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Ottawa 

Vance..-. 

Fayette- 

Rockland— 


State. 


N.  H.... 
Ohio — 

Pa. 

Conn.... 
Oregon. 

Me 

Ill 

Kan-... 
Kan  -... 
MaM.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Fla 

Iowa.... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio... 
Wis.... 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan-.. 

Me 

Me .... 
Minn., 
N.  Y-. 
N.  Y„. 

Wis 

Tex.„. 
Minn . 

Pa 

Minn.. 
Conn.... 
Conn..., 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
N.  Y_... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ala 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ind 

Md 

N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa- 

N.  0 

Va. 

Mich.... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.Y-... 

Pa. 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
Mich.... 

N.  C 

W.Va- 
N.  y — 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,430 


963 


040 
1,180 


1,821 
688 
640 

303 


12,119 


4,498 
1,264 


1,954 


1,380 
1,117 


1,040 


1,390 


16,653 


6,601 
1,632 
1,172 


257 
1,639 


182 


1,868 
1,432 


1,130 
921 


924 
940 


417 


106 
1,361 


1,648 


676 
2,686 
1,189 


2,430 


3,438 


1,346 
123 

1,696 
163 
l■^9 
827 

1,641 

1,376 
634 

1,732 
666 
827 
1:M 

2,066 

239 

86 

360 

49 

908 

137 

13,956 

6,308 

91 

613 

6,704 

1,374 
281 
130 
124 
512 
959 
77 
492 

2,519 

1,467 

1,105 

1,046 

140 

981 

42 

492 

932 

669 

21,143 

16,112 

637 

5,756 

1,690 

1,167 
265 
431 

1,471 
276 

2,345 
306 
338 

1,221 
194 

1,676 
236 
293 

1,916 

2,067 
102 

1,095 

964 

62 

868 

1,216 
173 
116 
471 
138 
390 

1,278 
168 
32 
227 
696 
145 
122 

1,721 
388 
776 

2,790 

1,037 
419 
297 

3,072 
277 

3,881 


Place. 


Oak „ tp. 

Oak tp. 

Oak tp. 

Oak  Bluff. p.T. 

Oak  Bowery t. 

Oak  Creek p.tp. 

Oakdale p.T. 

Oakdale p.T. 

Oakdale tp. 

Oakdale p.T. 

Oakdale p.tp. 

Oakdale p.T. 

Oakdale p.tp. 

Oakdale  Station. ...p.T, 
Oak  dale  Station ....  p.T. 

Oakfleld tp. 

Oakfleld p.h. 

Oakfleld p.tp. 

Oakfleld tp. 

Oakfleld p.tp. 

Oakfleld t. 

Oakfleld tp. 

Oakfleld p.T. 

Oakford p.T. 

Oak  Grove p.h. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove t. 

Oak  GroTe p.h. 

Oak  Grove p.tp. 

Oak  Grove p.T. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove p.b. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oakham tp. 

Oakham p.v. 

Oak  Harbor p.v. 

Oak  Hill p.h. 

Oak  Hill p.tp. 

Oak  Hill p.T. 

Oak  Hill p.tp. 

Oak  Hill p.T. 

Oak  Hill T. 

Oakington h. 

Oak  Lake tp. 

Oakland c. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland t. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland h, 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland p.tp. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland p.h. 

Oakland v. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland t. 

Oakland p.h. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland p.tp. 

Oakland  City p.T. 

Oaklund  Station... .p.T. 

Oaklandvale v. 

Oak  Lawn p.T. 

Oaklawn tp. 

Oak  LeTel p.h. 

Oakley tp. 

Oakley p,v. 

Oakley p.v. 

Oakley p.v. 

Oak  Mills p.h. 

Oak  Orchard p.h. 

Oak  Park p.T. 

Oak  Park t. 

Oak  Ridge p.T. 

Ouk  Ridge p.h. 

Oak  Ridge p.tp. 

Oak  Run -tp. 

Oaksville -p.T. 


Connty. 


Hills 

Smith- 

Steams- 

Clay 

Chamb«ia- 

MilwaDke« 

Stanislaus. 

Washin  j^n .... 

Howard 

Worcester- 

Washington .... 

Antelope 

Monroe- 

Suffolk 

Alleghany 

Andubon 

Audubon 

Aroostook 

Kent- 

Genesee 

Perry 

Fond  du  Lac ... 

Fond  du  Lac ... 

Menard- 

McLean- „ 

Benton- 

Bristol 

LiTingston 

Anoka 

Jcuskson- 

Oregon 

Wake 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Pierce 

Worcester. 

Worcester. 

Ottawa 

Volusia- 

Crawford......,.., 

Greene 

Granville , 

Jackson- 

Lincoln- , 

Harford- 

Becker 

Alameda 

Alameda 

Duval 

Coles- 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Henry 

Louisa 

Clay 

Cloud 

Garrett 

Oakland 

Freeborn 

Yalabusha 

Burt 

Chatham 

Clinton 

Fairfield 

Douglas. 

Butler. 

Susquehanna.... 

Venango 

Providence 

Fayette- 

Colorado 

Jefferson 

Gibeon 

Warren 

Essex 

Providence 

Greenville 

Marshall 

Macon 

Macon 

Siiginnw 

Hamilton 

Atchison 

Orleans. 

Cook 

Washington 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Montgomery 

Guilford 

Madison 

Otaego. .» 


8tat«. 


Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ark 

Ala 

Wis 

Cal 

ni 

Iowa. ... 

Mass.... 

Minn... 

Neb 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ind 

Mass.... 

Mich ... 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis. 

Mass.... 

Mass.... 

Ohio — 

Fla, 

Mo ...... 

N.  Y 

N.  C-„. 

Ohio-.,, 

Tenn.... 

Md 

Minn... 

Cal 

Cal 

Fla 

Ill 

Ill- 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 
Kan 

Kan-... 
Md. 
Mich.... 
Minn.. 

Miss... 

Neb 

N.  C-,. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio- 
Oregon, 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

K.I 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Wis-.... 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass.... 

R.  I 

8.  C-... 

Ky 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich..., 

Ohio 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Ill- 

Minn... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

N.  Y — 


Popalatlon. 


1870.      1880, 


748 
'478 


1,969 


176 


466 


406 

'"669 

1,092 
1,471 

'i',36i 


1.239 


1,081 
2,076 
2,106 


839 
860 


707 


2^83 


168 


10,600 
604 


1,026 
319 


604 


1,086 
412 


1,693 


162 


926 
1.106 
1,082 


1,071 


996 


1,137 


1,022 
466 


1,081 

1,673 

682 

161 

120 

2,097 

376 

131 

447 

1,228 

841 

3.38 

733 

187 

607 

636 

88 

636 

1,112 

1,495 

130 

1,304 

315 

164 

46 

1,434 

118 

81 

305 

208 

1,303 

2,591 

2,227 

91 

973 

869 

116 

987 

86 

1,103 

151 

2,341 

646 

119 

86 

410 

34,555 

6,778 

419 

727 

1,261 

654 

51 

608 

655 

475 

910 

1,041 

629 

288 

345 

1,837 

68 

139 

369 

1,039 

1,416 

1,214 

175 

66 

167 

1,043 

731 

130 

128 

130 

1,681 

50 

1,046 

100 

298 

200 

81 

62 

1,888 

169 

180 

34 

931 

613 

141 


>  SxclusiTe  of  South  Norwalk. 


867 


POPUI*ATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUoe. 


County. 


Oaktown p.f. 

Oak  Valley ......tp. 

Oak  Valley «.^t. 

Oakyille pii. 

OakTille  ......^ p.v. 

OakTille p.T. 

Oakwood» p.h. 

Oakwood tp. 

Oakwood  „ p.h. 

Oakwood tp. 

Oakwood ....p.h. 

Oakwood p.h. 

Oasis ....»p.h. 

Oasis ....p.tp. 

Oberlin ▼. 

01)«rlia p.tp. 

Oberlin p.T. 

ObermnncUo. t. 

Oblong p.tp. 

Ocala _ p.T. 

Occidental p.h. 

Occoneechee tp. 

Occoquan p.T. 

Occum -T. 

Ocean ...tp. 

Ocean ~^.p.T. 

Ocean ....tp. 

Ocean ....tp. 

Oceana ..p.T. 

Ocean  City....- p.h. 

Ocean  GroTe ....p.T. 

Ocean  Point. t. 

Ocean  Port ..^p.r. 

Ocean  Springs ..p.T. 

OceanTille. p.T. 

Oceola tp. 

Oceola ....p.T. 

Ocheyedan ....p.tp, 

Ochlochnee.. p.T. 

Ocona  Lufty p.tp. 

Oconee tp. 

Oconee p.T, 

Oconomowoc c. 

Oconomowoc tp. 

Oconto c. 

Oconto tp. 

Ocracoke p.tp. 

OddTiUe p.h. 

Odebolt» p.T. 

Odell tp. 

Odell ....> p.T. 

Odell p.h. 

Odessa p.T. 

Odessa....... tp. 

Odessa p.tp. 

Odessa p.T. 

Odessa p.T. 

Odin tp. 

Odin p.T. 

Odin p.tp. 

Oelwein p.T. 

O'Fallon p.T. 

O'Fallon  Depot p.T. 

Offerle p.h. 

Ogalalla p.T. 

Ogallab „ p.tp. 

Ogden M.tp. 

Ogden p.T. 

Ogden p.T. 

Ogden p.T. 

Ogden p.tp. 

Ogden p.tp 

Ogden p.tp. 

Ogden ...p.h. 

Ogden  City c. 

Ogden  Mine y. 

Ogdensburg „..p.T. 

Ogdensburg c. 

Ogema p.T. 

Ogemaw tp. 

Ogemaw  Springs  ...p.y. 

Oglethorpe p.T, 

O'Hara. tp. 

O'Hara t. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio p.T. 

Ohio .......tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio p.tp. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Knox Ind 

OtterTail Minn... 

ProTidence R.  I....~ 

Monroe Mich.... 

Cumberland Pa 

LlveOak„ Tex 

Brookings^ Dak.~... 

Vermilion.. IlL 

Vermilion 111.. 

Wabasha Minn  ... 

Paulding Ohio..... 

Leon Tex 

Johnson Iowa.... 

Waushara. Wis 

Fulton IlL 

Decatur Kan 

Lorain Ohio..... 

Ellis Kan 

Crawford Ill 

Marion Fla 

Bonoma Cal 

Northampton N.  G~.... 

Prince  William...  Va 

New  London Conn.... 

Sonoma Cal 

Alleghany Md 

Monmouth N.J 

Ocean N.J 

Wyoming W.Va.- 

Worcester Md 

Monmouth N.J 

Queens N.  Y 

Monmouth N.  J 

Jackson Miss..... 

Atlantic N.J 

Livingston Mich.... 

Crawford Ohio..... 

Osceola Iowa.... 

Thomas„ 6a.. 

Swain N.  C... 

Shelby Ill 

Shelby Ill 

Waukesha "Wis 

Waukesha Wis 

Ocouto Wis 

Oconto Wis 

Hyde N.  0 

Harrison Ky ...... 

Sac Iowa.... 

Livingston Ill 

Livingston Ill 

Tippecanoe Ind 

New  Castle Del 

Ionia Mich.... 

Big  Stone Minn.... 

Lafayette Mo 

Schuyler N.Y 

Marion Ill 

Marion Ill 

Watonwan Minn ... 

Fayette Iowa.... 

St.  Charles Mo 

St.  Clair Ill 

Edwards Kan 

Keith Neb 

Trego Kan  «... 

Champaign Ill 

Champaign Ill 

Henry Ind 

Boone » Iowa.... 

Riley Kan 

Lenawee Mich.... 

Monroe N.Y 

Clinton Ohio 

Weber Utah.... 

Sussex .'. N.J 

Sussex N.J 

St.  Lawrence N.Y 

Price Wis 

Ogemaw Mich.... 

Ogemaw Mich.... 

Macon Ga 

Alleghany Pa_ 

ludiana Pa.. 

Bureau Ill 

Bureau Ill 

Bartholomew Ind 

Crawford Ind , 

Spencer Ind , 

Warrick |  Ind 

Madison ;  Iowa..., 


2,364 


740 


634 


2,888 


1,490 
600 


1,944 
228 


6,189 


1,012 


1,668 

T,46*8 

1,623 

2,666 

623 

368 


1,466 
739 


696 
969 


1,268 


630 
1,516 
2,874 


3,127 


10,076 


400 


1,137 


747 
1,078 
3,843 
3,290 

706 


266 

262 

100 

33 

106 

236 

50 

2,669 

99 

988 

23 

96 

16 

628 

128 

1,196 

3,242 

108 

1,886 

803 

97 

2,446 

306 

667 

676 

126 

6,027 

484 

107 

49 

620 

282 

384 

849 

168 

1,022 

279 

215 

117 

867 

1,699 

259 

2,174 

1,336 

4,171 

893 

400 

80 

637 

2,004 

9U8 

64 

676 

1,699 

18b 

100 

230 

2,042 

724 

600 

397 

296 

923 

39 

114 

483 

1,311 

239 

268 

568 

828 

2,038 

2,967 

47 

6,069 

280 

662 

10,341 

140 

301 

108 

442 

2,498 

136 

1,314 

385 

880 

1,079 

6,845 

3,413 

879 


Place. 


Conn^. 


Ohio tp. 

Ohio „ tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio p.tp, 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio «... T. 

Ohio  GroTe tp. 

Ohioville p.h. 

Ohlman- p.v. 

Oil tp. 

Oil  City_ „..c. 

Oil  City p.h. 

Oil  Creek™ tp. 

Oil  Creek- p.b. 

Oil  Creek- tp. 

Oil  Mill  Village. p.h. 

Oil  Valley t. 

Okaw' tp. 

Okawville p.T. 

Okeana -p.T. 

Okemos -p.T. 

Okoboji - p.tp. 

Okolona p.T. 

Okonoko p.h. 

Olathe c. 

Olathe tp. 

Olcott p.T. 

Old  Augusta ....T. 

Old  Canton t. 

Old  Chatham ~..p.T. 

Oldenburg p.T. 

Old  Field tp. 

Old  Fields tp. 

Oldflelds  Creek tp. 

Old  Forge p.tp. 

Old  Fort p.tp. 

Old  Glass  Work8....T. 
Old  Honey  Brook...T. 

Old  Landing, t. 

Old  Lycoming- tp. 

Old  Lyme -tp. 

Old  Mountain  View.T. 

Old  Place T. 

Old  Point  Comfort..p.T, 

Old  Richmond tp. 

Old  Rock  Hill T. 

Olds tp. 

Old  Saybrook tp. 

Old  Store p.tp. 

Old  Town .tp. 

Oldtown tp. 

Oldtown p.T. 

Oldtown T. 

Old  Town- p.tp 

Old  Town p.h. 

Old  Town  lBland....l8l. 

Olean - tp. 

Olean p.T. 

Olena p.h. 

Oley p.tp. 

Olin p.T. 

Olin p.tp. 

OliuTille T. 

01io» tp. 

Olive - tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive.- tp. 

Olive.- tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive.- tp. 

Olive p.tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive h. 

Olive  Branch p.h. 

Olive  Hill p.h. 

Olive  Hill .p.tp, 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver. tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Olivet p.tp. 


Franklin 

Morris 

Ness „... 

Saline 

Sedgwick- 

Mississippi 

Herkimer- 

Clermont 

Gallia. 

Monroe- 

Alleghany 

Boaver 

JefTerson 

Mercer 

Ulster 

Montgomery 

Perry 

Venango 

Monroe 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Venango ^,... 

Hillsborough 

McKean 

Shelby 

Washington. 

Butler - 

Ingham 

Dickinson 

Chickasaw 

Hampshire 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Niagara 

Marion.- , 

Smith 

Columbia.- , 

Franklin.- 

Cabarrus 

Wilson- , 

Ashe 

Lackawanna 

McDowell , 

Greene 

Schuylkill 

Plymouth 

Lycoming 

New  London , 

Santa  Clara 

Richmond 

Elizabeth  City... 

Forsyth 

Huntingdon 

Greene - 

Middlesex 

Chesterfield 

McLean , 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Alleghany 

Forsyth 

Grayson 

Penobscot 

Cattaraugus. 

Cattaraugus 

Henderson 

Berks 

Jones 

Iredell 

Westchester. 

Woodford , 

Madison 

Elkhart 

St.  Joseph 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Ottawa 

Ulster. 

Meigs 

Noble 

Noble 

DeSoto.- 

Carter 

Person 

Huron , 

Taney 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Mifflin 

Perry- 

Osage 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Kan  -.., 
Kan.-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan...., 
Kan  -.. 

Mo 

N.Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  H... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ohio.... 
Mich... 
Iowa. .. 
Miss-., 
W.Va. 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

N.  Y 

Ind...... 

Tex , 

N.  Y-.. 

Ind 

N.O 

N.  0 

N.  C — 

Pa. 

N.O 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mass... 

Pa 

Conn... 

Cal 

N.  Y.... 

Va 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  C... 
Conn.... 
S.O... 

Ill 

Me ... 
Me.... 
Md.... 
N.  C. 
Va.... 
Me.... 
N.  Y- 
N.Y- 

III 

Pa 

Iowa. 
N.O.- 
N.  Y- 

111 

III-... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Mich. 
N.  Y- 
Ohio., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Miss.. 

Ky 

N.  O.- 
Mich. 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan.., 


675 


632 
1,009 
3,381 

978 
1,801 

685 
1,634 


1,125 


1,440 
2,276 


2.041 

428 

6,098 


1,280 


236 
1,410 


1,817 
1^06 


160 
1,032 
1,166 

696 


1,280 


476 
1,362 


313 
833 


2,931 
1,216 
1,921 
1,109 
4,529 


2,668 
1,327 


1,986 
"'920 
'2,608 


1,149 
1,660 
1,680 
1,166 
612 
3,083 
1,863 
1,810 


1,439 


1,069 

1,117 

1,365 

SU 


358 


1  In  1874,  part  to  Todd's  Point. 


«  In  1870,  part  to  Cruger. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Connty. 


...p.b. 
...p.h. 

..p.T. 


OUvet p.T. 

OUvJa p.h, 

Olmfitead p.h. 

Olmsted p.h, 

OIniBted tp. 

Olmated ~. p.T. 

OlnistedTllle p.T. 

Olney c. 

Olney tp. 

Olney tp. 

Oluey p.h, 

Olympia p.T, 

Olyphant 

Omaha 

Omaha 

Omaha c. 

Omar p.T, 

Omega p.tp. 

Omega ...t. 

Omnia tp. 

Omph  Ghent p.tp. 

Omro tp. 

Omro tp. 

Omro p.T. 

Onnga p.T. 

Onalaska ~tp. 

Onalaska p.T. 

Onarga^ tp. 

Onarga p.T. 

Onawa  City p.T. 

O'Neal tp. 

O'Neal tp. 

O'Neal p.tp. 

Oneco tp. 

Oneco p.b. 

Oaeida tp. 

Oneida p.T. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida p.T. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida p.T. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida  Castle p.T. 

Oneida  Community.T. 

O'Neill  City p.h. 

Oueka tp. 

Onekama p.tp. 

Oneontii tp. 

Oneonta p.T. 

Oneota p.tp. 

Onion  KiTer h. 

Onondaga tp. 

Onondaga p.T. 

Onondaga tp. 

Onondaga p.T. 

Onondaga  Valley...p.T. 

Onota p.tp, 

Onslow p.T. 

Ontario p.tp. 

Ontario p.T, 

Ontario tp. 

Ontario p.T. 

Ontario .....p.T. 

Ontario  Centre p.T. 

Ontelaunee tp. 

On  tonagon p.tp, 

Ontwa tp. 

Ooltewah p.T. 

Opelika c. 

Opelousas p.T. 

Opheim p.h. 

Ophir ,tp. 

Ophir. p.T. 

Ophir. p.T. 

Ophir tp. 

Ophir tp. 

Ophir p.T. 

Oppenhelm p.tp. 

Oquawka ..p.T. 

Ora p.tp. 

Oramel p.T. 

Oran tp. 

Orac p.tp. 

Orange p.T. 

Orange p.tp. 

Orange p.tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 


Eaton 

RenTiUe 

Logan 

Pulaski 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga. 

Essex 

Richland 

Blcbland 

Nobles 

Lincoln 

Thurston 

Lackawanna 

Boone 

Gallatin 

Douglas 

Jefferson 

Marion 

ProTidence 

Cowley , 

Madison 

Yellow  Medicine 

Winnebago , 

Winnebago 

Pottawatomie 

La  Crosse 

La  Crosse 

Iroquois 

Iroquois , 

Monona 

San  Joaquin 

Johnson 

GreeuTille 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Sierra 

Knox 

Delaware 

Tama 

Nemaha , 

Eaton 

Madison 

Huntingdon 

Oneida 

Madison 

Holt 

Washington 

Manistee 

Otsego 

Otsego 

St.  Louis 

Sheboygan 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Schoolcraft 

Jones 

Knox 

La  Grange 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Vernon 

Wayne 

Berks 

Ontonagon 

Cass 

James 

Lee 

St.  Landry 

Henry  ...^„ 

Batte 

Placer 

Ouray 

La  Salle 

Montgomery 

Tooele 

Fulton 

Henderson 

Jackson 

Alleghany 

Logan 

Fayette 

Los  Angeles 

New  HaTen» 

Clark  « 

Knox 

Fayette 

Noble „.. 

Rush 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Mich.... 
Minn... 

Ky 

Ill 

Ohlo„... 
Ohio — 
N.T..... 

Ill 

I1I„ 

Minn ... 
Mo ...... 

Wash... 

Pa 

Ark...... 

Ill 

Neb.«... 

N.  Y 

111 

B.I 

Kan 

Ill 

Minn  ... 

Wis , 

Wis 

Kan  _... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

N.  C 

S.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

Ill , 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Neb , 

Minn  .. 
Mich..., 

N.Y 

N.  Y.... 
Minn .., 
Wis.-... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 

N.Y 

N.Y_... 

N.  Y 

Mich..., 
Iowa.,., 

Ill , 

Ind , 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mich..., 
Mich... 
Tenn .., 

Ala 

La. 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Col 

Ill 

N.  C... 
Utah..., 
N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y».. 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Cal 

Conn  .. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 


626 


1,570 
383 


2,680 
1,412 


2,327 


16,083 


1,298 


3,216 
1,838 


1,532 


2,822 


478 
1,719 
1,294 
1,348 
1,401 


1,034 

1,484 

716 


2,047 

3,262 

386 

262 


255 
2,568 
1,061 

594 


1,229 


6,530 


1,942 


2,295 


1,339 
739 
995 


1,646 


2,430 


1,086 
451 


1,950 


959 
289 
769 
716 


2,634 
924 

1,167 
881 

2,066 

1,273| 


620 

48 

71 

67 

1,817 

404 

173 

3,512 

1,339 

284 

86 

1,232 

2,094 

38 

187 

30,618 

105 

1,055 

165 

461 

1,308 

139 

2,694 

1,476 

242 

1,916 

826 

2,249 

1,061 

882 

2,740 

1,932 

2,267 

1,575 

86 

182 

919 

1,453 

874 

163 

2,652 

3,934 

363 

239 

248 

57 

379 

684 

4,461 

3,002 

123 

60 

1,463 

201 

6,368 

210 

194 

420 

233 

1,667 

243 

2,962 

429 

179 

127 

1,265 

780 

1,145 

263 

3,245 

1,676 

46 

3,728 

596 

130 

979 

601 

149 

1,845 

891 

1,048 

215 

1,002 

874 

•     679 

3,341 

1,183 

1,130 

812 

2,037 

1,301 


Place. 


Orange .............. tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange p.T. 

Orange p.tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange o. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange p.T. 

Orange tp. 

Orange h. 

Orange ...» tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange h. 

Orange tp. 

Orange p.tp. 

Orange p.tp, 

Orangeburg  0.  H...p.T. 

Orange  City p.T. 

Orange  City p.T. 

Orange  C.  H p.T. 

Orange  Park p.T. 

Orangetown tp. 

OrangeTille p.T. 

OrangeTille. tp. 

OrangeTille p.h. 

Orangeville p.T. 

OrangeTille tp. 


Connty. 


State. 


p.tp. 

p.T. 
p.T. 
,p.b. 
p.T. 
..p.h. 


OrangeTille... 

OrangeTille.... 

Orangeville-.. 

Orbisonia 

Orchard 

Orcutt  Creek., 

OrcuttTille h, 

Ord p.T. 

OrderTille p.T. 

Oreana ~p.h. 

OrearTille p.h. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon p.T. 

Oregon p.tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon p.tp. 

Oregon p.T. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon -tp. 

Oregon p.T. 

Oregon  City p.T. 

Oregon  Hill t. 

OregonTllle tp. 

Ore  Hill p.T. 

Ore  Hill p.T. 

Ore  Knob p.T. 

Orestlmba tp. 

Orford p.tp. 

OrfordTllle _.p.T. 

Orient tp. 

Orient p.h 

Orient p.tp. 

Orient tp. 

Orient h. 

Orient p.T. 

Orion tp. 

Orion p.T. 

Orion p.h. 

Orion tp. 

Orion p.T. 

Orion tp. 

Orion tp. 

Orion ^...p.T. 

Oriskany -.p.T, 

Oriskany  Falls p.T. 

Orizaba p.h. 

Orkney  Springs... ..p.h. 

Orland - tp. 

Orland -.p.T. 

Orland p.tp, 

Orland -.p.T. 


Black  Hawk... 

Clinton-. 

Guthrie- 

Lincoln  

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ionia 

Kalkaska 

Douglas.......... 

Grafton- 

Essex 

Schuyler 

Ashland , 

Ashland......... 

Carroll „, 

Coshocton....... 

Cuyahoga 

Delaware— 

Hancock , 

Meigs , 

Shelby 

Columbia- 

Luzerne , 

Orangeburg  -., 

Orange 

Juneau 

Orangeburg-. 

Volusia 

Sioux 

Orange 

Clay 

Rockland 

Stephenson..,, 

Orange 

Orange 

Baltimore-.... 

Barry 

Wyoming 

Trumbull 

Columbia 

Huntingdon-. 

Mitchell 

Bradford 

Tolland 

Valley 

Kane 

Macon 

Saline 

Butte 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Clarke 

Starke 

Washington... 

Lapeer 

Holt 

Lucas , 

Wayne 

Dane 

Dane 

Clackamas 

Beaufort 

Rockingham.. 

Litchfield 

Blair 

Ashe 

Stanislaus 

Grafton 

Rock 

Adair- 

Adair- 

Aroostook 

Osceola 

Osceola. 

Suffolk 

Fulton 

Henry 

Kosciusko. 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Olmsted 

Richland 

Richland 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Tippah 

Shenandoah-., 

Colusa 

Colusa 

Cook 

Steuben- , 


PopnUtton. 


1870.      1880. 


Iowa,... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mass  ... 
Mass-... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  C. — 

Vt 

Wis 

S.C 

Fla 

Iowa.... 

Va 

Fla 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Conn..., 

Neb. 

Utah.... 

Ill 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich,... 
Mo. 

Ohio 

Pa-.. 

Wis.. 

Wis. 

Oregon. 

N.  0 -,. 

N.  C-... 

Conn..., 

Pa 

N.  C-... 

Cal 

N.  H.... 

Wis 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ill , 

Ind , 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  T 

N.  Y-.., 

Miss 

Va. 

Cal 

CW , 

III 

Ind 


864 

1,018 

212 


2,091 


1,382 


178 

340 

0,348 

1,960 

1,486 


1,207 


812 
1,266 
1,167 
828 
951 
906 


1,243 
733 
236 
24« 


731 


6,810 
266 
804 


1,146 
1,217 


177 


1,169 
1,326 


1,360 
624 

1,318 
877 
824 

1,863 
690 

1,498 


2,661 


1,119 
"*139 


219 
64 


1,082 


1,161 

304 
637 
097 


1,130 


8«1 

1,06« 

400 

678 

8,168 

2,124 

1,621 

324 

278 

33fi 

13,207 

2,020 

1,448 

193 

1,327 

64 

788 

1,227 

1,461 

922 

984 

901 

91 

6,046 

731 

638 

2,140 

191 

320 

647 

134 

8,077 

326 

816 

66 

249 

1,096 

1,164 

277 

403 

766 

133 

80 

83 

181 

614 

66 

37 

1,910 

1,766 

1,088 

1,316 

706 

1,367 

1,420 

862 

2,321 

641 

1,614 

627 

1,263 

142 

8,706 

626 

140 

472 

822 

1,060 

163 

608 

31 

224 

608 

88 

786 

1,308 

604 

39 

1,292 

429 

645 

733 

134 

697 

698 

77 

60 

1,602 

292 

1,808 

4ie 


>  In  1879,  part  to  Bidgeland. 


869 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUENS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUmm. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


Orland.......... ..p.tp. 

Orlean ..m ~.p.T. 

Orleans ..^ p.tp. 

Orleans^ p.h. 

Orleans ....tp. 

Orleans^ p.T. 

Orleans .^...tp. 

Orlean  B„ p.tp. 

Orleans p.tp. 

Orleans ....p.v. 

Orleans tp. 

Orleans- p.T. 

Onnsburg v. 

Omeville p.tp. 

Oro tp. 

Orono  ......>. tp. 

Orono tp. 

Orono p.T. 

Oronoco tp. 


Oronooo. 

Oronogo 

Oronoko 

OroTille 

Orrick 

Orrington.... 
Orrock. 


.....p.T. 

P.T- 

tp. 

......p.v. 

p.T. 

.....p.tp. 
.p.tp, 


Orr's  Island. isl 

Orrstown  _ p.b. 

Orrrille ....p.v. 

Orrvllle p.T. 

Ortonvllle p.T. 

OrtoHTille. p.tp. 

Orril _ tp. 

Orwell- p.tp. 

Orwell tp. 

Orwell.- p.T. 

Orwell tp. 

Orwell p.T. 

Orwell.- tp. 

Orwell p.T. 

Oiwigsburg p.b. 

Osage tp. 

Osage tp. 

.p.T. 

-  -tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage ....tp. 

Osage  1 -tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage p.tp, 

..tp. 
..tp. 

-  -tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage tp. 

Osage  City p.v. 

Osage  City p.T. 

Osage  Mission p.T. 

Osakis tp. 

Osakis p.T. 

Osawatomie ^..tp. 

Osawatomie ....p.T. 

Osborn m. p.T. 

Osborn  - p.v. 

Osborn ....- tp. 

Osborne p.v. 

Osborne tp. 

Osborne tp. 

OsboruTille  -....mm.p.t. 

Oscar ....tp. 

Osceola- p.T. 

Osceola. t. 

Osceola- tp. 

Osceola ....p.h. 

Osceola. p.T. 

Osceola tp. 

Osceola. p.T. 

Osceola tp. 

Osceola. tp. 

Osceola- tp. 


Osceola-.. 
Osceola..... 

Osceola-... 
Osceola...... 

Osceola-... 
Osceola-.... 

Osceola-... 


.tp. 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 
..p.h. 

..p.tp. 


Hancock 

Fauquier 

Humboldt- 

Morgan- 

Orange 

Orange 

Winneshiek 

Barnstable 

Ionia 

Harlan 

Jefferson 

Ontario 

Montgomery 

Piscataquis 

Butte 

Muscatine 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Jasper 

Berrien- 

Butte 

Ray 

Penobscot- 

Sherburne 

Cumberland-..., 

Franklin 

Dallas , 

Wayne , 

Oakland 

Big  Stone- „ 

Logan , 

Oswego 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula. 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Addison 

Addison 

Schuylkill , 

La  Salle 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Crawford , 

Labette- 

MiamL , 

Bates.- 

Camden- 

Cole 

Crawford 

Dent 

Henry 

liaclede 

Miller 

Morgan 

Vernon- 


Cole., 

Neosho- 

Douglas- 

Douglas 

Miami 

Miami 

De  Kalb 

Greene 

Outagamie .. 
Osborne-  .... 

Sumner , 

Pipe  Stone .. 

Ocean 

Otter  Tall-., 
Mississippi .. 
Schuyler..... 

Stark « 

Stark 

St.  Joseph..., 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Franklin.... 

Osceola. 

EenTlIle 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair 

Polk 

White  Pine.. 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Tioga 


Me 

Va 

Gai 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Mass... 
Mich... 
Neb.-.. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-.. 
Tenu... 

Me 

Cal 

Iowa... 

Me 

Me 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mich.., 

Cal 

Mo 

Me 

Minn.. 

Me , 

Pa. , 

Ala 

Ohio-., 
Mich.. 
Minn . 

Ill 

N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Ill , 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Kau-. 
Kan-. 
Kan-. 
Kan-. 
Kan... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo  .... 
Kan... 
Mo .... 
Kan... 
Minn. 
Minn. 
Kan-. 
Kan  -. 
Mo .... 
Ohio... 
Wis.... 
Kan  -. 
Kan... 
Minn. 
N.  J.-. 
Minn. 
Ark.-. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa. . 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
Mo .... 
Mo..... 
Neb.-. 
NeT.-. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-. 
Pa 


1870.       1880. 


1,701 


1,866 

905 

674 

1,323 

1,426 


2,445 


676 
281 
372 


763 


1,616 
1,425 


1,768 


306 
*7« 


1,196 

1,215 

936 


1,296 


1,182 


728 

1,176 

2,158 

1,400 

463 

1,053 

980 

930 

1,396 

600 

1,426 

604 

784 

288 

828 

1,267 

695 

787 

1,638 


791 
400 


1,182 


639 
417 


1,278 


1,889 

1,298 

617 

137 

'"»57 
331 


1,689 

102 

447 

38 

1,830 

812 

636 

1,294 

1,666 

409 

2.318 

194 

223 

501 

432 

621 

2,246 

1,811 

916 

241 

700 

1,812 

1,743 

193 

1,529 

358 

278 

302 

270 

1,441 

308 

709 

1,521 

1,650 

973 

385 

1,307 

167 

1,351 

376 

792 

1,104 

2,563 

2,012 

769 

1,234 

1,663 

1,394 

1,196 

1,330 

1,244 

1,196 

780 

268 

1,010 

1,041 

865 

1,022 

1,052 

2,098 

220 

1,306 

462 

252 

1,999 

681 

412 

666 

612 

719 

486 

244 

596 

648 

317 

114 

1,519 

69 

129 

2,401 

1,769 

856 

1,318 

72 

1,162 

373 

527 

245 

666 


Place. 


Osceola. p.tp. 

Osceola tp. 

Oeiceola  Mills -p.b. 

Osceola  Mills -p.T. 

Osco - ....tp. 

Osco p.h. 

06coda..........-......tp. 

Oscoda— p.T. 

Osgood........ -p.T. 

Oshawa ..» ......p.tp. 

Oshkoeh ....tp. 

Oshkosh c. 

Oshkosh  .„ ......tp. 

Oshtemo -tp. 

Oshtemo.- p.T. 

Oskaloosa tp. 

Oskaloosa ......pJi. 

Oskaloosa ...tp. 

Oskaloosa o. 

Oskaloosa.  - ....tp. 

Oskaloosa. .....~p.T. 

Osnaburg .......tp. 

Osnaburg .......p.T. 

Oso  Flaco ....tp. 

Osolo -tp. 


Oaseo... 

Ossea.... 

Ossian... 

Ossian... 

Ossian... 


,.p.T, 
,.p.T, 
,.p.T, 
..p.T, 
.p.tp. 


County. 


623        790 


Ossineke -p.tp, 

Oxsining ....tp. 

Ossipee .......tp. 

Ossipee- p.T. 

Ossipee  Centre t. 

Ossipee  Valley p.h. 

Ostenfeldt t. 

Ostrander- p.T. 

Oswayo - ....tp. 

Oswayo- - p.T. 

Oswegatchie ....tp. 

Oswego- ..........tp. 

Oswego- p.T. 

Oswego- ....p.T. 

Oswego- ....c. 

Oswego- tp. 

Oswego- c. 

Oswego......... tp. 

Oswego- ........p.h. 

Oswego  Falls p.T. 

Osyka .~..p.T. 

Otego ....tp. 

Otego - tp. 

Otego « ~..p.T. 

Otero h. 

Otho - ...p-tp. 

Otis .......p.tp, 

Otis p.tp. 

Otis tp. 

Otisco p.T. 

Otisco p.tp. 

Otisco....... ....p.tp. 

Otisco tp. 

Otisco p.T. 

Otisfleld- -p.tp. 

OtisTille p.T. 

OtisTille p.T. 

Otley- p.T. 

Otranto ....tp. 

Otranto. ..........p.b. 

Otsego ..».tp. 

Otsego tp. 

Otsego— ....p.T. 

Otsego ....~ tp. 

Otsego— p.h. 

Otsego tp. 

Otsego ......p.tp. 

Otsego  Lake p.tp. 

Otselic tp. 

Ot.selic -p.h. 

Ottawa ..........-C. 

Ottawa -tp. 

Ottawa  - - c. 

Ottawa- tp. 

Ottawa- ....tp. 

Ottawa- ....tp. 

Ottawa  - p.T. 

Ottawa tp. 

Ottawa ....tp. 

Ottawa  - p.T. 

Ottawa  - ....p.tp. 


Fond  dn  Lac. 

Polk 

Clearfield- 

Polk 

Henry 

Henry 

Iosco , 

Iosco 

Bipley 

Nicollet 

Yellow  Medicine 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Clay 

Qay 

Mahaska 

Mahaska 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Stark- 

Stark— 

San  Luis  Obispo.. 

Elkhart- 

Hennepin- 

Trempealeau 

Wells 

Winueahiek  - 

Livingston 

Alpena 

Westchester- 

Carroll 

Carroll - 

Carroll „ 

Carroll 

Calumet 

Delaware 

Potter 

Potter 

St.  Lawrence 

Kendall- 

Kendall- , 

Kosciusko , 

Labette.- 

Labette— , 

Oswego - 

Oswego— 

Clackamaa......... 

Oswego— 

Pike 

Fayette- 

OtsegK> , 

Otsego 

Colfax 

Webster- , 

Hancock 

Berkshire  - 

Yellow  Medicine 

Clarke 

Ionia 

Waseca- 

Onondaga  _ 

Onondaga- 

Cumberland. 

Oenesee.. 

Orange 

Marion 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Steuben 

Allegan- 

Allegan- 

Wright 

Wright- 

Otsego 

Columbia 

Otsego 

Chenango- 

Chenango - 

La  Salle- 

La  Salle 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ottawa 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Allen „ 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Waukesha 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Wis... 
Wli... 
Pa„... 
Wis.., 
111..., 
III-... 
Mich. 
Mich 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ind 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y-... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  H — 

N.H 

N.H 

N.  H 

Wis.-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan-... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 
Oregon. 

N.  Y 

Miss 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Mex. 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass..- 
Minn ... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y — 

Me 

Mich..- 
N.  Y..... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mich..- 

Minn ... 

Minn... 

N.  Y-... 

Wis.. 

Mich 

N.  Y 

N.  Y_.. 

HI 

Ill 

Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan..... 
Minn  .. 
Minn .. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Wis 


1,209 
710 
813 


476 


616 

12,663 

729 

1,594 


I    1,171 


6,591 
3,204 
1,613 
640 
2,046 


922 


1,168 

144 

7,798 

1,822 


629 


3,018 
1,756 


1,196 

640 

20,910 

3,043 


1,119 


903 
2,062 


696 
246 
960 


1,578 

631 

1,602 


1,099 


596 


1,318 

21396 

994 

695 


4,590 
1,716 


1,733 


7,736 
463 

2,941 
877 
359 
613 


4,662 

2,837 

1,129 

922 


360 


» In  1874,  part  to  Valley. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Ottawa  Station p.h. 

Otter .tp. 

Otter tp. 

Otter tp. 

Otterbein -p.T. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek p.tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek .tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek p.tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek p.tp. 

Otter  Lake p.v. 

Otter  Tall tp. 

Otterrille p.T. 

Otterville p.h. 

Otterville tp. 

Otterrille p.v. 

Otto tp. 

Otto tp. 

Otto p.tp. 

Otto tp. 

Ottokee p.T. 

Ottoville p.T. 

Ottumwa -c. 

Ottumwal p.tp. 

Otwell ...p.T. 

Onachita  City p.T. 

Onray p.T. 

OTerfleld tp. 

OTerfleld p.h. 

OTerisel p.tp. 

OTerton p.tp. 

OTerton p.T. 

OtW „.p.T. 

Ovid tp. 

OTid tp. 

OTid p.T. 

OTid tp. 

OTid p.T. 

Owaneoo p.T. 

Owasco tp. 

Owasco p.T. 

Owatonna c. 

Owatonna tp. 

Owego tp. 

Owego tp. 

Owego p.T. 

Owen tp. 

Owen p.tp. 

Ow«n tp. 

Owen tp. 

Owen tp. 

Owen tp. 

Owensborough c. 

Owensburg p.T. 

Owensville p.T. 

Owensville ...p.T. 

Owen  ton p.T. 

Owingsville p.T. 

Owl  Creek  1 tp. 

0W0880 C. 

0W0880 ...tp. 

Ox  Bow pltn. 

Oxbow p.T. 

Oxford p.T. 

Oxford* p.tp, 

Oxford p.T. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford p.T. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford p.T. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford ......p.T. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford.™ p.T. 

Oxford.. p.T. 

Oxford... T. 

Oxford -p.tp, 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford —p.T. 

Oxford _ -p.tp. 

Oxford -.p.T. 

Oxford -~-tp. 


Ootinty. 


Ottawa 

Vigo 

Warren  - 

Cowley— «.... 

Benton- 

Jersey 

La  Salle 

Ripley 

Crawford...... 

.fackson 

Linn 

Lncas 

Tama 

Greenwood... 

Mercer 

Dann 

Eau  Olaire... 

Lapeer 

Otter  Tail 

Jersey 

Buchanan..., 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Kankakee .... 

Oceana 

Cattaraugus . 

McKean 

Fulton 

Putnam 

Wapello 

Coffey 

Pike 

Union 

Ouray 

Wyoming 

Barbour 

Allegan 

Bradford 

Rusk -... 

Bear  Lake.... 

Branch 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Christian 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Steele 

Steele 

Livingston... 

Tioga 

Tioga. 

Winnebago... 

Clarke 

Clinton 

Jackson 

Warrick 

Cerro  Gordo- 

Daviess.- 

Greene 

Gibson 

Clermont 

Owen 

Bath 

Woodson 

Shiawassee... 
Shiawassee... 
Aroostook .... 

Jefferson 

Calhoun 

New  Haven .. 

Newton 

Henry 

Benton.- 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Jones 

Johnson 

Sumner 

Sutnner 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Talbot 

Bristol 

Worcester.... 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Isanti 

Lafayette.-... 
Warreu 


SUte. 


Mich.... 

Ind...... 

Iowa.... 

Kan ..... 

Ind 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  T-... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ind 

La 

Col 

Pa 

W.  Va- 
Mlch.... 

Pa. 

Tex 

Idaho... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

ni 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn  ... 
Minn... 

Ill 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Ind 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ky. 

Ky 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich ... 

Me 

N.  Y 

Ala 

Conn ... 

Ga. 

IlL 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Kan  -... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Miss-... 
N.  J. 


Population. 


1870.      188a 


1^9 
929 


1,009 
1,637 


902 

1,600 

711 

885 


660 
920 
"62 


1,856 
136 

1,028 
298 


6,214 
833 


433 


1,060 
560 


1,230 
2,420 


2,403 
724 


1,261 


2,070 

602 

800 

9,442 

4,756 

929 

679 

1,118 

1,589 

1,440 

211 

3,437 


297 

660 

1,006 

2,066 

1,068 

100 


1,338 
665 

1,327 
519 

1,043 


1,121 
1,926 


1,631 
"  "227 


2,669 
1,367 


1,422 
4,634 


22 

1,337 

1,002 

446 

147 

1,324 

925 

1,696 

676 

891 

930 

767 

997 

882 

530 

219 

1,060 

306 

46 

223 

75 

1,310 

506 

1,543 

148 

1,111 

4,277 

159 

187 

9,004 

753 

176 

124 

864 

394 

37 

1,611 

603 

363 

146 

1,181 

3,174 

1,479 

3,569 

705 

140 

1,297 

240 

3,161 

584 

975 

9.884 

5,525 

879 

815 

1,540 

1,698 

1,517 

451 

6,231 

402 

685 

307 

654 

773 

768 

2,501 

1,217 

127 

212 

780 

1,120 

554 

1,367 

713 

1,436 

660 

1,397 

1,960 

1,062 

403 

1,«65 

695 

689 

263 

2,604 

1,887 

851 

91 

1,634 

6,367 


Place. 


Oxford -.p.T. 

Oxford..... -tp. 

Oxford -p.T. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford -.p.T. 

Oxford...... _.tp. 

Oxford .......p.T. 

Oxford -.tp. 

Oxford -tp. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford -.^. 

Oxford -.tp. 

Oxford -.p.b. 

Oxford -.p.tp. 

Oxford  Junction  ...t. 

Oxford  Mills p.T. 

Oxford  Valley p.h. 

Oxmoor p.T. 

OxTille p.h. 

Oyster  Bay -tp. 

Oyster  Bay p.T. 

Oysterville p.v. 

Ozark p.T. 

Ozark p.v. 

Ozark p.tp. 

Ozark tp. 

Ozark p.T. 

Ozark tp. 

Ozark tp. 

Ozark  * tp. 

Ozark p.h. 

Ozawkie  * tp. 

Ozawkie p.v. 

Pacheco p.T. 

Paciftc -.tp. 

Pacific p.T. 

Pacific p.tp. 

Pacific  City p.T. 

Pacific  Junction. ...p.T. 

Packer tp. 

Packerville p.v. 

Packwaukee tp. 

Packwaukee p.T. 

Pacolett tp. 

Pacquanack. h. 

PactoluB p.tp. 

Paddock's t. 

Padillas v. 

Padonia p.tp. 

Padua p.tp. 

Paducah ^..c. 

Pagetown p.h. 

Pageville -v. 

Pagosa  Springs. ...-p.T. 

Pahaquarry tp. 

Paicines p.tp. 

Paincourtvillo p.v. 

Painesville -.tp. 

Paineaville -.p.T. 

Paint tp. 

Paint p.tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint  Creek tp. 

Painted  Poet p.v. 

Painterhood tp. 

Paintersville p.h. 

Paintertown v. 

Paint  Lick -.p.h. 

Paint  Rock p.h. 

Paintsville p.v. 

Paisley p.h. 

Pajarito p.v. 

Pala p.tp. 

Palarm p.tp. 

Palatine tp. 

Palatine p.v. 

Palatine tp. 

Palatine p.v. 

Palatine  Bridge p.T. 

Palatka p.v. 

Palermo p.h. 

Palermo tp. 

Palermo P-tp. 

Palermo p.tp. 

Palestine -. p.T. 


Coanty. 


Bute. 


Warren 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Granville.-......., 

Granville...... 

Butler 

Butler 

Coshocton 

Delaware- 

Brie 

Guernsey 

Tuscarawaa 

Adams „ 

Chester 

Marquette. 

Jones 

Jones 

Backs 

Jefferson 

Scott 

Queens 

Qneens..„ 

Pacific 

Dale 

Franklin 

Anderson- 

Barton 

Christian 

Lawrence 

Texas 

Webster 

Monroe 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Contra  Costa 

Humboldt 

Franklin 

Columbia.- 

Mills 

Mills 

Carbon 

Windham- 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Spartanburg. 

Passaic 

Pitt 

Caledonia.- 

Bernalillo- 

Brown 

McLean 

McCracken 

Morrow 

Meigs 

Conejos 

Warren -.. 

San  Benito 

Assumption 

Lake 

Lake 

Fayette. 

Highland. 

Holmes. 

Madison 

Ross 

Wayne 

Clarion- 

Somerset , 

Allamakee 

Steuben 

Elk 

Greene 

Westmoreland .. 

Garrard 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Lake 

Bernalillo 

San  Diego 

Faulkner. 

Cook , 

Cook , 

Montgomery 

Marion.- 

Montgomery 

Putnam...- 

Edgar. 

Grundy- 

Waldo 

Oswego - 

Crawford _ 


PopaUtion. 


1870.      U80. 


N.J— . 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  0— . 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio-... 

Ohio-... 

Ohio-... 

Pa-... 

Pa_... 

Wis.- 

lowa. 

Iowa. 

Pa-... 

Ala.... 

III-... 

N.Y- 

N.Y- 

Wash... 

Ala 

Ark.-.. 
Kan-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  -.. 

Cal 

Cal 

Mo 

Wis .... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Pa- 

Conn... 
Wis-... 
Wis-... 

8.  0 

N.J 

N.  C-.. 

Vt 

N.Mex. 
Kan-.. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Col 

N.  J.-.. 

Cal 

La- 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Iowa... 
N.  Y-.. 
Kan-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Ky..„.. 

Ala 

Ky 

Oregon 
N.  Mex. 

Cal 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y-... 
W.  Va- 
N.  Y — 

Fla 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

N.  Y-... 
IlL. 


3,278 
1,278 
S,724 

91S 
8,969 
1,738 
1,140 
1,260 
1,238 
1,709 
1,667 
1,322 
1,151 

608 


10,596 


210 
617 


1,762 

638 

3,488 


1,600 


818 

1,208 

247 


441 


612 


2,060 


1,249 
6,866 


406 


4,995 

3,728 

1,742 

2,429 

1,212 

955 

1,001 

1,418 

346 

923 

1.141 


247 


1,865 


2,814 
558 
493 


684 
1,223 
2,052 


2,66« 

3,036 

1,209 

3,938 

1,348 

8,644 

1,743 

1,201 

1,266 

1,231 

1,616 

1,968 

851 

1,508 

632 

349 

220 

68 

648 

94 

11,923 

1,265 

125 

6U 

824 

638 

250 

236 

1,644 

476 

2,633 

67 

966 

144 

400 

2,293 

1,276 

249 

198 

123 

496 

113 

691 

137 

1,861 

•a 

2,898 
346 

360 

766 

1,606 

8,036 

60 

146 

223 

418 

800 

293 

6,516 

3,841 

2,046 

2,476 

1,381 

1,429 

1,153 

1,474 

573 

1,236 

1,166 

701 

638 

96 

299 

80 

41 

310 

89 

400 

429 

743 

1,974 

731 

2,786 

656 

339 

1,616 

38 

1,523 

1,118 

1,994 

7a» 


•  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
24 


*  In  1871,  part  to  B«mob  Falls.       >  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 


*  la  1871,  part  to  Fairvlew. 
361 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Palestine tp. 

Palestine > p.T. 

Palestine tp. 

Palestine tp. 

Palestine tp. 

Palestine T. 

Palestine T. 

Palestine h. 

Palestine.. p.T. 

Palestine  M ▼. 

Palisade p.r. 

Palisade tp. 

Palmer „.p.y. 

Palmer.. p.y. 

Palmer tp. 

Palmer p.T. 

Palmer  „ tp. 

Palmer tp. 

Palmer tp. 

Palmer tp. 

Palmer.. p.h. 

Palmer's  Statiou...h. 

Palmetto p.T. 

Palmetto p.tp. 

Palmstown »h. 

Palmyra p.h. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T, 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra p.T, 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T, 

Palmyra p.tp. 

Palmyra h 

Palmyra p.tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palo p.T. 

Palo p.T. 

Palo  Alto tp. 

Palo  Alto b. 

Palo  Pinto p.T. 

Palos tp. 

Palouse p.T. 

Pamelia tp. 

Pamplin  CJity p.T, 

Pana tp. 

Pana.„ c. 

Panama p.T, 

Pan  coast p.T, 

Pancoastburg p.T, 

Panguitch p.T, 

Panola p.  v. 

Panola tp. 

Panola .p.y. 

Panora p.T, 

Pantego tp. 

Fantego p.h, 

Panther  Branch tp. 

Panton p.tp. 

Faola c. 

Paola tp. 

Faoli p.T. 

Paoli tp. 

Faoli p.y. 

Paoli p.h. 

Papillion p.T. 

Papineau tp. 

Paplneau ..pji. 

PapinsTille p.T. 

Paradise ...p.y. 

Paradise p.tp. 

Paradise tp. 

Paradise tp. 

Paradise p.tp. 

Paradise p.y. 

Paradise p.tp. 

Paradise p.tp. 

Paradise tp. 

Paradise „ t. 

Paradise tp. 

■  362 


County. 


State. 


Woodford 

Kosciusko 

Story 

Sumner 

Cooper 

Clermont 

Darke 

Shelby 

Anderson 

Wirt 

Eureka 

Bergen 

Christian 

Washington 

Hampden 

Hampden 

Sherburne 

Putnam „.., 

Washington 

Northampton .. 

Ellis 

Ionia ...., 

Campbell 

Darlington 

Cumberland 

Lincdln 

Lee 

Macoupin 

Knox 

Warren 

Warren , 

Douglas^ 

Somerset 

Marion 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Renville 

Otoe 

Burlington 

Wayne 

Wayne , 

Halifax , 

Knox.. 

Portage 

Lebanon 

Pike 

Wayne 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Linn 

Ionia 

Jasper 

Schuylkill 

Palo  Pinto 

Cook 

Whitman.. 

Jefferson 

Appomattox..... 

Christian 

Christian ;.. 

Chautauqua.. .. 

Jefferson 

Fayette 

Iron 

DeKalb 

Woodford 

Woodford , 

Onthrie 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Wake 

Addison 

Miami 

Miami 

Madison 

Orange 

Orange 

Dane 

Sarpy 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Bates 

Butte 

Coles 

Crawford 

Rooks 

Russell 

Muhlenburg 

Grand  Traverse.., 

Lancaster 

Monroe 

Westmoreland 

York 


111. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Mich.... 

Ga 

8.  0 

Pa 

Ark.»... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Neb 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Wis. 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Wash ... 
N.  Y-... 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Utah.... 

Oft. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

N.  0 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Vt 

Kan 

Kan 

Ga 

Ind 

Ind 

Wis 

Neb 

Ill„ 

HI 

Mo 

Cal 

lU 

Iowa.... 
Kan.. ... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 

Pa... 

Pa.. 

Pa... 

Pa.. 


1,325 


732 


2,430 


264 


Ind 

Iowa. ., 
Kan.~. 

Mo 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Tex 

W.  Va 
Not.... 
N.  J.„. 

Ill 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 434 

671 
1,444 


3,631 


294 
1,214 


1,109 


1,269 
1,347 


2,431 
1,322 
2,615 
1,757 


4,188 
2,152 
2,345 


848 


570 
2,481 
1,621 

703 


1,064 
1,740 


853 


1,292 


3,096 

2,207 

650 


120 


1,260 


504 
1,792 


921 

390 

1,811 

624 


2,360 


1,064 


266 

2,193 

622 


1,300 


1,604 
122 

1^02 
636 

1,703 

130 

264 

98 

2,997 
789 
211 

2,302 
364 
126 

5,604 

1,416 
105 
929 
691 

2,022 

63 

59 

473 

1,638 
37 
21 

1,118 
222 

1,278 

1,122 
168 

2,478 

1,271 

2,479 

1,959 
225 
308 
239 
671 

4,436 

2,308 

2,425 
66 

1,106 
631 
667 

2,727 

1,361 
698 
136 
327 

1,465 

1,588 
352 

1,209 
148 

1,143 
117 

4,233 

3,009 
473 
131 
176 
664 
290 

1,132 
127 
795 

2,136 
71 

1,462 
419 

2,312 

1,008 
115 

2,510 

696 

74 

444 

1,469 
51 
268 
299 

1,122 
374 
600 
584 
137 
665 

2,519 
S88 
110 

1,372 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


Paradise p.T. 

Paragon p.T. 

Parage  nah p.T. 

Pardee p.T. 

Pardeeville p.T. 

ParfreyTille h. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris tp. 

Paris c. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris „..tp. 

Paris tp. 

Paris c 

Paris..... .....tp. 

Paris ....p.y. 

Paris tp. 

Paris tp. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris p.tp. 

Paris tp. 

Paris tp. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris tp. 

Paris pji. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris c. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris tp. 

Paris p.tp. 

Parish tp. 

Parish p.T. 

Parish  GroTe tp. 

Parishville tp. 

Parish  ville p.T. 

Palis  Mountain. ..»tp. 

ParisTille h. 

Park p.T. 

Park tp. 

Park tp. 

Park  aty h. 

Park  City h. 

Park  City- p.T. 

Parker p.T. 

Parker tp. 

Parker. p.tp. 

Parker. tp. 

Parker- tp. 

Parker tp. 

Parker  City b. 

Parker's h. 

Parkersburg p.T. 

Parkersburg p.h. 

Parkersburg p.T. 

Parkersburg t. 

Parkersburg c. 

Parker's  Prairie-...  p.tp. 

Parkertown t. 

Parkesburg p.h. 

Parkman p.tp. 

Parkman tp. 

Parkman p.  v. 

Park  Mills p.h. 

Parkmount h. 

Park  Place h. 

Park  Ridge p.T. 

Parks tp. 

Park's  Bar tp. 

Parksville p.T. 

Parks  villa tp. 

Park  View t. 

Parkville p.h. 

Parkville- p.v. 

ParkTille. p.T. 

Parma tp. 

Parma p.T. 

Parma tp. 

Parma p.T. 

Parma p.tp. 

Parnassus p.h. 

Parowan p.T. 

Parrish p.h. 

Parrottsville ~..p.T. 

Parry  ville p.h. 

Parshallville p.h. 

Parson  Creek tp. 

Parsons c. 

Parsons p.h. 

Parsonsfleld p.tp. 

Partello p.h. 

Partridge tp. 

Paiiadena p.T. 

Pascagoula p.T. 


Cache- 

Morgan 

Iron , 

Atchison 

Columbia 

Waupaca 

Bear  Lake 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Jennings 

Howard 

Linn 

Bourbon 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Huron 

Kent 

Mecosta 

Monroe , 

Oneida 

Portage- 

Stark 

Stark- 

Union 

Washington- 
Henry  

Lamar 

Fauquier 

Grant 

Kenosha 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Benton 

St.  Lawrence . 
St.  Lawrence . 

Greenville 

Pulaski 

Park 

Sedgwick 

St.  Joseph 

Grand 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Summit 

Turner.- 

Clark 

Montgomery... 

Morris 

Morrison 

Butler 

Armstrong 

Hillsborough.. 

Richland 

Montgomery... 

Butler 

Alleghany 

Wood 

Otter  Tail 

Monmouth 

Chester-. 

Piscataquis 

Geauga. 

Geauga 

Frederick 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Cook 

Armstrong 

Yuba 

Boyle 

Perquimans-.. 
Cattaraugus-.. 

Parke 

St.  Joseph 

Platte 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Cuyahoga 

Westmoreland, 

Iron 

Franklin 

Cocke 

Carbon 

Livingston 

Linn 

Labette- 

Luzerne 

York 

Calhoun 

Woodford 

Los  Angeles-.. 
Jackson- 


1870.      1880. 


Utah. 

Ind... 

Utah.... 

Kan- 

Wis.- 

Wis... 

Idaho 

111-... 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Iowa. 

Kan.. 

Ky.... 

Me.... 

Me.... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mo.... 

N.Y- 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Pa..... 

Tenn. 

Tex... 

Va.... 

Wis... 

Wis... 

N.  Y„ 

N.  Y.. 

Ind... 

N.  Y„ 

N.  Y- 

S.C... 

Ind... 

Col... 

Kan- 

Mich.... 

Col... 

Mon. 

Utah 

Dak. 

Ill 

Kan.-... 
Kan..... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa- 

N.  H.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Md 

W.  Va... 
Minn... 

N.  J 

Pa 

Me 

Ohio..... 
Ohio,.... 

Md 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

HI 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ky 

N.  C 

N.  Y-.. 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mich... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Utah....         861 

111 

Tenn, 

Pa. 

Mich., 

Mo 

Kan.., 

Pa. 

Me 

Mich.. 

Ill 

Cal.... 
Miss... 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COSlPARED. 


Plae^ 


Pascoag »..p.T. 

Paskenta p.tp. 

Passadumkeag tp. 

Passiidumkeag p.v. 

Paseaic tp. 

PasBiiio c. 

Pass  Christian p.v. 

Pass  Manchac h. 

Passiimpsic p.T. 

Pataskala p.T. 

Patch  Grove tp. 

Patch  Grove ....p.T. 

Patchogne p.v. 

Paterson ~.c. 

Patoka m tp. 

Patoka ~p.v. 

Patoka MM tp. 

Patoka  1 tp. 

Patoka M tp. 

Patoka p.T. 

Patoka ..tp. 

Paton tp. 

Paton p.h. 

Patrick  C.  H p.v. 

Patriot p.T. 

Patriot p.h. 

Patten ^ tp. 

Patten p.v. 

Patterson p.v. 

Patterson p.h. 

Patterson tp. 

Patterson p.v. 

Patterson ^....tp. 

Patterson tp. 

Patterson p.tp. 

Patterson „ tp. 

Patterson p.v. 

Patterson tp. 

Patterson ^...p.b. 

Patterson v. 

Pattersonvllle p.v. 

PattersonvlUe p.v. 

Patton....MM >.tp. 

Patton M tp. 

Patton tp. 

Pattonsbnrg p.v. 

Pattonsburg  .........v. 


(bounty. 


State. 


p.h. 

..p.T. 
..tp. 

..p.T. 

,.p.h. 

.p.T. 

,....p.h. 


PattonsTllle. 
Paulding 

Paulding .^ 

Paulding 

Paulina 

Paulsborough.. 

Paulton 

Paupack tp. 

Pavia p.h. 

Pavilion p.tp. 

Pavilion tp. 

Pavilion p.v. 

Pawcatuck v. 

Paw  Creek p.tp. 

Pawlet tp. 

Pawlet _.p.v. 

Pawling tp. 

Pawling p.T. 

Pawnee „ tp. 

Pawnee ^..p.T. 

Pawne« tp. 

Pawnee ^ tp. 

Pawnee tp. 

Pawnee  City. ..'......p.T. 

Pawnee  Rock tp. 

Pawnee  Bock p.h. 

Paw  Paw M. tp.  ' 

Paw  Paw „h. 

Paw  Paw tp. 

Paw  Paw „. p.tp, 

Paw  Paw ». tp. 

Paw  Paw „p.T. 

Paw  Paw  QroTe....p.v. 

Pawtucket ^^..p.tp, 

Pawtuxet p.T. 

Paxon M«.T. 

Pttxton ......... ...... ..c. 

Paxton... 
Paxton... 
Paxton... 
Paxton... 


ProTidence B.  I  ~.~ 

Tehama- Cal 


P.T. 

tp. 

P» 

P.tp 

Pax  ton. ...MM. tp. 

PaxtonTilla.....M„.p.T, 
Pa7ne...M.M. M..tp. 


Penobscot  _ ~. 

Penobscot- 

Morris. 

Passaic 

Harrison 

Tangipahoa 

Caledonia- 

Licking 

Grant 

Grant- m 

Suffolk 

Paasaic 

Marion.- 

Marion- 

Crawford 

Dubois 

Gibeon 

Gibson 

Pike mm.. 

Greene 

Greene m. 

Patrick.- 

Switzerland  - 

Gallia 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Madison 

Wayne 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Alamance 

Orange 

Caldwell 

Darke 

Hardin m... 

Beaver 

Juniata , 

Schuylkill , 

Sioux- 

St.  Mary*8 

Ford M. 

Alleghany m. 

Centre 

Daviess 

Botetourt-. 

Scott - 

Jasper 

Paulding 

Paulding 

Warren m... 

Gloucester 

Westmoreland.. 

Wayne 

Bedford 

Kalamazoo m 

Genesee 

Genesee 

New  London.... 

Mecklenburg.... 

Rutland 

Butlaud 

Dutchess 

Dutchess « 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Bourbon m... 

Pawnee 

Smith- M 

Pawnee 

Barton m 

Barton 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Wabash 

Elk 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Lee M 

ProTidenc« 

Kent. 

Bucks 

Ford 

Sullivan. 

Worcester 

Worcester. 

Redwood 

Row 

Snyder 

Sedgwick m.m. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Me , 

Me 

N.  J-. 
N.  J„. 
Miss... 
Miss-. 

Vt , 

Ohio... 
Wis-.., 
Wis... 
N.  T... 
N.  J-, 

111 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 

Va 

Ind.... 
Ohio-. 
Me.... 

Me 

Iowa.. 

Mo 

N.Y-. 
N.  T-. 
N.  C-. 
N.  C-. 
N.  0... 
Ohio- 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa-.... 

Pa. 

Iowa.. 
La-.... 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo..... 

Va 

Va..., 
Miss.., 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
N.J- 
N.J._ 
Pa-.M 
Pa..... 
Pa-..., 
Mich. 
N.  Y- 
N.T- 
Conn. 
N.  C, 
Vt...., 
Vt.... 
N.Y- 
N.Y- 

ni 

111-... 

Kan...M 

Kan.. 

Kan.. 

Neb... 

Kan- 

Kan- 

I11-... 

111-... 

Ind... 

Kan.. 

Mich. 

Mich., 

111-..., 

R.I-. 

R.  L- 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind... 
Mass. 
Mass. 
Minn 
Ohio- 
Pa — 
Kan. 


356 
243 


1,624 


1,951 


33,579 
1,294 


1,253 
3,086 
4,397 


1,760 


704 


1,418 


717 

1,092 

789 

978 


74 

659 


2,726 
1,193 

721 


262 
448 


642 


1,208 
1,614 


1,591 
1,505 


1,760 


1,293 


978 


2,670 
1,428 


6,619 


1,466 


646 


1,738 


1,222 

1,643 

302 

116 

1,896 

6,632 

1,410 

20 

170 

634 

826 

192 

2,503 

61,031 

1,366 

444 

1,618 

1,997 

6,017 

775 

2,a39 

535 

84 

114 

467 

80 

718 

245 

186 

36 

1,679 

315 

816 

1,642 

1,038 

1,280 

385 

130 

763 

159 

173 

600 

3,139 

1,730 

761 

399 

188 

76 

229 

1,065 

464 

41 

760 

90 

628 

46 

1,138 

1,649 

264 

1,560 

1,739 

1,696 

259 

2,006 

680 

1,131 

192 

800 

672 

1,634 

763 

493 

84 

909 

52 

2,130 

951 

2,707 

1,482 

476 

19,030 

282 

101 

1,726 

164 

692 

210 

259 

2,119 

163 

624 


Placo. 


PayneeTille.....M..-tp. 

PaynesTille M..-P.T. 

Paynes  ville... ...... -p.T. 

Payneville p.h. 

Payson m tp. 

Payson m. p.T. 

Payson p.T. 

Peabody tp. 

Peabody p.T. 

Peabody p.tp. 

Peacedale p.T. 

Peacham -tp. 

Peacham p.T. 

Peacham  HoIIow-.h. 

Peach  Bottom p.^. 

Peach  Orchard tp. 

Peaine ~.tp. 

Peak p.h. 

Peak  Creek tp. 

Peakesville p.T. 

Peak's  Island Isl. 

Peapack p.T. 

Peapatcb  Island  ...isL 

Pearce'a  Mills pJi. 

Pea  Ridge tp. 

Pearisburg M..p.T. 

Pearl tp. 


Coanty. 


SUta. 


Pearl  Creek, 
Pearl  Depot. 
Pearlington, 

Pearsall's 

Pearson's  Comer, 

Pease 

PeasleeTille p.h. 

Peatfleld _.v. 

Pebble M.-.tp. 

Pecos T. 

Pecatonica tp. 


.p.h. 
.p.h. 

,.p.T. 
..p.T. 
,.p.h. 
.tp. 


...p.T 
...p.T, 
...p.tp. 
...p.h 
.p.T 


Pecatonica.. 

Pecoiiic , 

Peculiar 

Pedlar  Mills. 
Pedricktown. 

Pee  Dee tp. 

Pee  Dee p.tp. 

Pee  Dee tp. 

Peekskill p.v. 

Pee- Pee p.tp, 

Peeples p.tp, 

Peiffertown t. 

Pekin tp. 

Pekin c. 

Pekin p.T. 

Pekin p.T. 

Pelahatchee  Depot.p.T. 

Pelham p.T. 

Pelham p.tp. 

Pelham p.tp. 

Pelham tp. 

Pelham p.v. 

Pelham p.tp, 

Pelican tp. 

Pelican  Lake tp. 

Pella tp. 

Pella p.v. 

Pella p.tp, 

Pellvllle p.T. 

Pemberton -tp. 

Pemberton -p.b. 

Pemberton -p.T. 

Pemberville M.p.T. 

Pemberwlck mT. 

Pembina -.p.T. 

Pembroke p.tp, 

Pembroke p.T. 

Pembroke p.tp, 

Pembroke ... 
Pembroke .... 

Pembroke p.tp, 

Pemiscot -.tp. 

Pena  Blanca t. 

Pena  Colorado h. 

Pen  Argyl. 
Penawawa. 
Pencader... 


....p.tp. 
.p.tp. 


Pendleton... 
Pendleton... 
Pendleton... 

Pendleton tp, 

Pendleton p.T. 

Pendleton p.T. 


..p.T. 
..pj>. 

-bnd. 
..tp. 
..p.T, 
tp. 


Stearna-. 

Steams 

Pike M 

Meade 

Adams 

Adams 

Utah 

Marion 

Marion 

Essex 

Washington-.. 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

York 

Ford 

Manitou 

Lexington , 

Ashe 

Clarke 

Cumberland.., 

Somerset 

New  Castle...., 

Marion 

Brown , 

Giles 

Pike 

Wyoming-.... 

Pike 

Hancock , 

Queens 

Kent 

Belmont , 

Clinton , 

Essex-... 

Pike 

San  Miguel.... 
Winnebago.... 
Winnebago.... 

Suffolk 

Cass 

Amherst , 

Salem 

Georgetown-. 

Marion 

Montgomery ., 
Westchester... 

Pike 

Hampton- 

Crawford 

Tazewell , 

Tazewell 

Alleghany 

Niagara 

Rankin 

Mitchell , 

Hampshire.... 
Hillsborough. 
Westchester. . 


PopoUtion. 


1870.     18W. 


Minn. 
Minn. 

Mo 

Ky  .„. 

Ill 

Ill 

Utah.. 
Kan_. 
KbUm, 
Mass.. 
R.  I.- 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

111. 

Mich. 
8. 0... 
N.  C-. 
Mo.... 
Me.... 
N.J- 
Del.... 
Ala.., 
111-..., 

Va 

111-... 
N.Tm 

111 

MisB- 

N.Y.. 

Del..., 

Ohio- 

N.Y- 

Mass. 

Ohio. 

N.  Mex. 

111-., 

111-.. 

N.Y, 

Mo.., 

Va-.. 

N.J, 

S.O 

s.o 


318 


26,933 
"i',«6 


S:fc 

Ohio-.. 

S.  C 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

N.  Y 

Miss-... 

Ga 

Mass.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y 


Westchester N.  Y- 


Caswell 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Ford 

Marion 

Shawano 

Hancock 

Burlington... 
Burling^n... 

Shelby 

Wood MM 

Fairfield 

Pembina 

Kankakea.... 

Christian 

Washington- 
Plymouth :  Mass. 

Merrimac I  N.  H 


N.  C, 
Minn 
Minn 

111 

Iowa. 

Wis... 

Ky.... 

N.  Jm, 

N.Jm, 

Ohio-. 

Ohio-, 

Conn. 

Dakota. 

111-. 

Ky.. 

Me. 


Genesee m.m  K.  Y, 

Pemiscot Mo 

Bernalillo N.  Max. 

Presidio Tex.-. 

Northampton Pa 

Whitman.- I  Wash. 

New  Castle j  Del..... 

Jeffer8on....M |  IU-m... 

Madison » ,  Ind.... 

St  Francois ]  Mo .... 

Niagara N.  Y-. 

Niagara. N.Y-.. 

Putnam- Ohio-. 


7,343 

'ijiii 


2,366 
374 

287 


1,005 


1,011 
"628 


479 
6,211 


1,422 

366 

1,780 


2,400 
1,113 
640 
6,660 
2,320 
1,400 


6,862 
6,696 


673 

861 

1,790 


1,560 


552 

1,909 

318 


2,743 
797 


278 
2,551 
1,447 
2,618 
2,810 

226 


8,642 
1,U86 
676 
861 
1,772 
214 
146 


40ft 

127 

243 

66 

29,243 

516 

1,788 

1,586 

1,087 

9,028 

986 

1,041 

160 

77 

2,130 

747 

665 

62 

1,913 

110 

390 

236 

78 

70 

IfiH 

285 

846 

73 

73 

629 

966 

35 

8,819 

48 

111 

1,594 

241 

1,847 

1,029 

465 

1,069 

43 

262 

3,341 

1,776 

742 

6,893 

2,726 

4,735 

287 

6,164 

5,993 

606 

218 

117 

168 

614 

848 

2,640 

218 

2,113 

614 

367 

860 

2,430 

686 

112 

2,885 

799 

228 

644 

132 

287 

223 

202 

2,324 

1,406 

2,797 

2,846 

644 

604 

63 

672 

43 

2,350 

1,658 

614 

968 

1,730 

188 

U« 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


363 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Pendleton p.T. 

Pendleton tp. 

Pendleton p.T. 

Penfleld p.v. 

Penfleld p.h. 

Peufleld ....tp. 

Penfleld p.v. 

Penfleld p.tp. 

Penfleld p.v. 

Peninsula. tp. 

Peninsula. p.T. 

Penn m..~ tp. 

Penn» tp. 

Peun„ tp. 

Penn ....tp. 

Penn. ......tp. 

Penn >.. ....tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn- tp. 

Penn ....tp. 

Penn ......tp. 

Penn„ ...p.tp. 

Penn-..................tp. 

Penn~ tp. 

Penn- tp. 

Penn .............tp. 

Penn .^ ......tp. 

Penn- ....tp. 

Penn- .« >...tp. 

Penn-.....« ....tp. 

Penn- ....tp. 

Penn........ ^..tp. 

Penn-......». tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn- tp. 

Penn- » „..tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn b. 

Penn....... tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn tp. 

Pennfleld tp. 

Penn  Forest tp. 

Penn  HaTen t. 

Pennington ....p.h. 

Pennington p.T. 

Pennington -...p.r. 

Penn  Line p.h. 

Pennsborough p.T. 

Pennsbury tp. 

Penn's  Orove p.T. 

PennsTille p.T. 

PenuBTille h. 

Pennsylvania tp. 

PennsylTaniaburg.h. 

Pennville h. 

Penny h. 

Penn  Yan p.T. 

Peno tp. 

Penobscot p.tp. 

Penobscot t. 

Penryn- „ p.T. 

Pensacola. c. 

Fensacola. p.tp, 

Pensaukee p.^. 

Pentwater p.tp. 

Peoplee tp. 

Peoria -c. 

Peoria -tp. 

Peoria h. 

Peoria.- p.T. 

Peoria.- tp. 

Peoria.- p.h. 

Peoria.- p.h. 

Peoria.- p.h. 

Peoria  City- p.T. 

Peotone tp. 

Peotone p.T. 

Pepin tp. 

Pepin ....p.tp, 

Pepperell p.tp, 

Peppert»n tp. 

Peppertown p.h. 

Pequannock p.tp, 

Pequea - p.tp, 

Perche tp. 

Perdue  Hill p.T. 

Pere  Marquette tp. 

Perham pint. 

Perbam. tp. 


Coanty. 


Umatilla 

Anderson.—...-.. 

Anderson.- 

Greene ~. 

Champaign........ 

Monroe- 

Monroe- 

Lorain 

Clearfield 

Grand  Traverse.. 

Summit 

Shelby 

Stark — . 

Jay - 

Parke- 

St.  Joseph- 

Guthrie 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Madison , 

Osborne- 

Cass 

McLeod- 

Sullivan. 

Highland.- 

Morgan- 

Alleghany 

Berks- 

Butler. 

Centre 

Chester.- 

Clearfield -.. 

Cumberland 

Huntingdon 

Lancaster  - 

Lycoming 

Perry 

Snyder 

Westmoreland-. 
Westmoreland-. 

York 

Williamsburg—. 

Calhoun 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Lawrence.- 

Mercer 

Trinity 

Crawford 

Bitchie- 

Chester. -.... 

Salem- 

Fayette  .^ 

Lycoming........ 

Mason 

Ripley 

Wayne 

Pitt - 

Yates 

Pike 

Hancock 

Luzerne 

Placer 

Escambia -. 

Yancey 

Oconto 

Oceana 

Boone 

Peoria. 

Peoria 

Miami 

Mahaska 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Wyoming 

Linn 

Polk 

Will 

Will 

Wabasha 

Pepin 

Middlesex 

Stevens. 

Franklin 

Morris 

Lancaster- 

Boone 

Monroe- 

Mason 

Aroostook- 

Otter  Tail- 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880 


Oregon. 

S.  0 

8. 0 

Ga. 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa> 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..- 
Iowa.... 
Kan- 
Mich. 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Pa-... 
Pa-... 
Pa-... 
Pa — 
Pa-... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

8.  0 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Dak. 

N.  J. 

Tez....> 

Pa 

W.Va.- 

Pa- 

N.J 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

N.C...., 
N.  Y-... 

Mo 

Me 

Pa. 

Cal 

Fla  ...... 

N.  C 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Iowa..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Y..... 
Oregon 
Iowa.... 

HI 

Ill , 

Minn .. 

Wis.-.- 

Mass.... 

Minn 

Ind... 

N.J.- 

Pa..... 

Mo... 

Ala... 

Mich. 

Me.... 

Minn 


2,116 
986 
447 


2,928 
'"749 


667 


428 
1,121 
1,441 
1,335 
4,982 

676 
1,616 

676 

661 


1,421 

420 

1,744 

1,471 

1,242 

2,686 

1^16 

837 

1,168 

692 

639 

1,888 

1,143 

1,972 

701 

1,629 

1,416 

820 

2,423 


676 

1,132 

604 


767 


932 


3,488 
2,160 
1,418 


3,347 
319 
777 

1,414 


22,849 
794 


1,160 


1,213 


966 

1,842 


1,634 
1,276 
3,119 


964 

79 


730 

2,669 

672 

468 

84 

2,966 

394 

735 

299 

849 

488 

662 

1,216 

1,710 

1,652 

4,958 

2,364 

1,727 

702 

1,212 

1,495 

1,627 

496 

1,713 

1,507 

1,246 

3,291 

1,630 

1,131 

814 

739 

611 

1,621 

998 

2,269 

793 

1,771 

1,373 

604 

2,798 

1,962 

1,481 

1,072 

653 

142 

61 

723 

263 

76 

330 

795 

749 

266 

94 

890 

94 

83 

36 

8,475 

2,310 

1,341 

389 

V  238 

6,846 

617 

1,420 

1,278 

869 

29,259 

992 

84 

133 

1,166 

96 

76 

51 

129 

1,643 

624 

365 

1,616 

2,348 

196 

62 

2,239 

1,351 

2,621 

110 

616 

346 

919 


Flws*. 


Perham ....p.T. 

Perkasie p.b. 

Perkins pint 

Perkins tp. 

Perkins t. 

Perkins tp. 

Perkinsville p.T. 

Perkiomen „tp. 

PerklomenviUe p.T. 

Perlee ....p.T. 

Perote p.T. 

PerrineTille p.T. 

Perriuton tp. 

Perry p.T. 

Perry tp. 

Perry ....p.T. 

Perry „..tp. 

Perry .....tp. 

Perry ....tp. 

Perry ....tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry „ tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry ....tp. 

Perry ....tp. 

Perry ^. 

Perry .....tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.T. 

Perry -..tp. 

Perry -..tp. 

Perry tp 

Perry tp. 

Perry -..tp. 

Perry p.T. 

Perry ~ tp. 

Perry - p.tp. 

Perry....^. tp. 

Perry p.T. 

Perry tp. 

Perry.  .„ p.T. 

Perry tp. 

Perry......... tp. 

Perry - p.T. 

Perry ......tp. 

Perry -.tp. 

Perry -..tp. 

Perry ....tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry -....tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.T. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry -....tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry....... tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry —............ tp. 

Ferry — ..tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Perry  1 tp. 

Perry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Ferry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.tp. 

Perry  Centre p.T. 

Perry  City p.T. 

Ferry  dale p.h. 

Perryopolis p.T. 

Ferry's  Bridge h. 

Perrysburg p.h. 

Ferrysburg -...tp. 


County. 


Otter  Tail- 

Bucks 

Franklin 

Sagadahoc 

Delta— 

Erie 

Steuben 

Montgomery 

Montgomery...... 

Jefferson 

Bullock 

Monmouth 

Monroe- 

Houston 

Pike 

Pike 

Allen 

Boone 

Clay 

Clinton 

Delaware-. 

Lawrence 

Marion-. 

Martin. -. 

MiamL —...... 

Monroe- 

Noble- 

Tippecanoe 

Vanderburg- 

Wayne 

Buchanan- 

Dallas 

Davis- -, 

Jackson- 

Marion - 

Plymouth- 

Tama. -. 

Jefferson 

Woodson 

Washington...... 

Shiawassee 

Shiawaasee.....-, 
Lac  Qui  Parle.-.. 

Balls. -., 

St.  Fran9ois.- 

Wyoming 

Wyoming -.. 

Allen 

Ashland 

Brown - 

Carroll 

Columbiana- 

Coshocton -, 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Gallia. 

Hocking 

Lake- 

Lake 

Lawrence- 

Licking , 

Logan 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morrow 

Muskingum 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Putnam 

Bichland -... 

Shelby , 

Stark 

Tuscarawas...... 

Wood 

Armstrong 

Berks 

Clarion 

Fayette 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Lawrence- 

Mercer 

Snyder 

Dane 

Wyoming 

Schuyler 

Polk 

Fayette 

VermUlon 

Miami 

Cattaraugus...... 


State. 


Minn-. 

Fa- 

Me 

Me 

Mich.-. 

Ohio 

N.  Y— . 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa. ... 

Ala 

N.  J-.... 

N.  Y 

Ga 

Ill 

III 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..-.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-, 
Iowa.... 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 

Me 

Mich..., 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y..-, 
N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohia.- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Fa. 

Fa 

Pa 

Fa- 

Fa 

Wis..... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
Oregon 

Pa.. 

La 

Ind 

N.  Y-.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


149 
71 


1,291 
'2^066 


3,261 

836 
2,161 

798 
1,280 
1,109 
1,340 
1,220 
1,163 

982 
2,452 
1,760 
1,667 
1,613 
3,136 
1,481 
1,719 

876 
1,633 


7221 

1,273 

406 

74 

713 
403 

T,r« 

1,058 


1,361 
2,342 

867 
1,236 
1,462 
3,016 

932 
4,388 

932 
1,194 
1,297 
1,514 
1,746 
1,208 


2,216 

897 

922 

1,116 

2,029 

1,044 

991 

1,415 

748 

637 

686 

1,208 

6,921 

1,089 

1,323 

3,877 

1,680 

1,668 

1,446 

1,292 

1,222 

806 

914 

1,016 

1,061 


1,313 


364 


*  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlM*. 


Perrygburg. p.T. 

Perry  8burg... n. 

Perry  sburg... tp. 

Perrysburg p.T. 

I'erry'B  MilU p.T. 

Perrysville p.T. 

PerrysTille p.T. 

Perrysville t. 

PerrysTille t. 

Perrysville t. 

Perryton....™ tp. 

Perry  ville p.v. 

Perryvllle p.T. 

Perry  ville p.T. 

Perryvllle t. 

Perry  ville p.T. 

Perryvllle p.T. 

Persia p.tp. 

Persifer tp. 

Perth p.h. 

Perth p.tp. 

Perth  Amboy c 

Peru tp. 

Peru  „ 0. 

Peru tp. 

Peru™ c. 

Peru  _ tp. 

Peru  _ p.T. 

Peru p.T. 

Peru ^ p.tp. 

Peru p.tp. 

Peni p.T. 

Peru tp. 

Peru  » p.T. 

Peru p.tp. 

Peril tp. 

Peru tp. 

Peru p.h. 

Peru tp. 

Peru  ville p.T. 

Pescadero p.T. 

Pescadrevllle v. 

Peshtigo p.tp. 

Peso  turn p.tp. 

Petaluma.. tp. 

Petaluma. p.T. 

Peterborough p.tp, 

Peterborough p.v. 

Peters tp. 

Peters tp. 

PetersboFough b . 

Petersburg p.v. 

Petersburg p.T. 

Petersburg p.h. 

Petersburg h. 

Petersburg p.T. 

Petersburg p.v. 

Petersburg ....p.tp. 

Petersburg tp. 

Petei-sburg p.v. 

Petersburg p.T. 

Petersburg h. 

Petersburg.- t. 

Petersburg p.b. 

Petersburg t. 

Petersburg t. 

Petersburg p.T. 

Petersburg h. 

Petersburg.- c. 

Petersburg p.v. 

Peters  Creek tp. 

Petersham P-tp. 

Peterson p.h. 

Peterson tp. 

Peterson p.h. 

Peters  town— p.v. 

Peter's  Valley h. 

Petersville h. 

Peters  ville p.T. 

Petersville h. 

Peterton ....p.T, 

Petit  Jean h. 

Petoskey p.v. 

Petroleum p.h. 

Petroleum  Centre...p.T. 

Petrolia. p.b. 

Pettis tp. 

Pettis  1 „ tp. 

Pettisville p.T. 

PettniTille pi. 

Petty tp. 


County. 


Cattaraugus-. 

Ashland 

Wood 

Wood 

Clinton -, 

Vermilion-... 

Ashland. 

Carroll 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Perry 

Boyle 

Cecil 

Worcester. ..., 

Perry 

Madison 

Cattaraugus- 
Knox 

Clay 

Fulton 

Middlesex-... 

La  Salle- 

La  Salle 

Miami 

Miami 

Dubuque 

Madison....... 

Chautauqua.. 

Oxford 

Berkshire  -... 

Nemaha 

Clinton 

Clinton - 

Huron 

Morrow 

Bennington  » 
Bennington  - 

Dunn 

Tompkins 

San  Mateo.... 
St.  Bernard... 

Marinette 

Cbampaig^.- 

Sononia 

Sonoma 

Hillsborough 

Madison 

Franklin 

Wa.shington- 

Cache 

Menard 

Pike 

Delaware 

Leavenworth 

Boone 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Rensselaer... 
Rensselaer ... 
Mahoning.... 

Wyandot 

Alleghany.... 
Huntingdon.. 

Lancaster 

Somerset 

Lincoln 

Millard 

Dinwiddle..... 

Grant 

Stokes. 

Worcester 

Adams 

Clay 

Morgan 

Monroe 

Sussex 

Mason 

Frederick 

Butler 

Osage 

Yell 

Emmett 

Ritchie 

Venango 

Butler 

Adair 

Platte 

Fulton 

Limestone.... 
Lawrence-.... 


SUt«. 


N.T..... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
N.  T-... 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ark. 

Ky 

Md 

Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  Y„.., 

N.  T 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  T 

N.  J.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa...c 
Iowa.... 
Kan  „.. 
Me 


Neb 

N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Cal 

La. 

Wis 

ill 

Cal 

Cal 

N.H.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 
Utah.... 

Va 

W.  Va... 

N.  C 

Mass.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Utali 

W.  Vs.- 

N.  J 

Ill 

Md 

Pa 

Kan 

Ark 

Mich.... 
W.  Va.- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ala 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


4,100 
1,836 


1,086 


479 


601 


1,220 
853 


1,013 
2,861 
3,945 
3,650 
4,732 
3,617 


931 
455 


2,632 


1,297 
953 
500 


919 
4,588 


2,236 


2,603 
943 


1,792 
923 


400 


168 
1,732 


381 


18,950 


1,491 
1,335 


159 


1,041 
3,943 


1,591 


371 

69 

4,112 

1,909 

283 

645 

476 

136 

113 

117 

1,059 

256 

498 

143 

289 

754 

119 

1,370 

765 

45 

915 

4,808 

6,053 

4,632 

6,220 

6,280 

1,071 

104 

136 

825 

403 

667 

2,610 

343 

1,194 

916 

556 

29 

296 

141 

238 

162 

3,617 

1,010 

4,854 

3,326 

2,206 

330 

3,165 

955 

76 

2,332 

1,193 

77 

53 

441 

420 

243 

1,786 

316 

362 

77 

146 

381 

376 

227 

160 

89 

21,656 

268 

1,906 

1,109 

13 

228 

98 

228 

35 

32 

192 

90 

22fi 

86 

1,815 

67 

296 

1,186 

1,113 

2,364 

197 

88 

1,699 


Place. 


PettysTille p.h. 

Pewamo p.T. 

Pewankee tp. 

Pewaukee p.T. 

Pfeiferstown h. 

Phalanx h. 

Pharisburg p.b. 

Pharsalia p.tp. 

Pheasant  Branch. ..p.h. 

Phelps p.b. 

Phelps tp. 

Phelps p.v. 

Phelps  City p.T. 

Phenix p.T. 

Philadelphia t. 

Philadelphia p.T. 

Philadelphia p.T. 

Philadelphia p.T. 

Philadelphia p.tp. 

Philadelphia c. 

Philadelphia p.tp. 

Philadelphia p.T. 

Philipsburg p.b. 

Phillips tp. 

Phillips p.tp. 

Phillips p.T. 

Phillipsburg tp. 

Phillipsburg p.T. 

Phillipsburg p.v. 

Phillipsburg c. 

Phillipsburg T. 

Phillipsburg t. 

Phillipsburg b. 

Phillipsburg t. 

Phillips  Creek p.b. 

Phillipsport p.T. 

Phillipston p.tp. 

Phlllipstown p.T. 

Phillipetown tp. 

Philmont- p.T. 

Philo tp. 

Philo p.T. 

Philomath p.T. 

Phippsburg p.tp. 

Phoenix p.T. 

Phoenix tp. 

Phoenix p.T. 

Phoenix p.T. 

PhoenixTille p.b. 

Piasa tp. 

Piasa p.T. 

Piatt tp. 

Pickaway tp. 

Pickaway tp. 

Pickens tp. 

Pickens  C.H tp. 

Pickens  C.H p.T. 

Pickens  Station p.T. 

Pickensville p.T. 

Pickerel  Lake tp. 

Pickering p.v. 

Pickerington p.T. 

Pickwick h. 

Pickwick p.T. 

Picture  Rocks p.b. 

Piedmont. p.v. 

Piedmont p.T. 

Iledniont- p.T. 

IMedmont p.h. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce p.h. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce  City- p.v. 

Pierce  ton - p.T. 

Pierceville p.h. 

Piermont p.tp. 

Piermont p.T, 

Pierpont p.tp. 

Pierport p.v. 

Pierre  pont p.tp. 

Pierron h. 

Pierson - tp. 

Pierson- tp. 

Pierson .- p.T. 

Pierz - tp. 


County. 


LiTlngstoD ........ 

Ionia.- 

Waukesha. ........ 

Waukesha 

Ellis 

Monmouth ........ 

Union 

Chenango 

Dane 

Lawrence- 

Ontario 

Ontario.- 

Atchison 

Kent 

Cass 

Hancock 

Neshoba 

Marion 

Jefferson 

Philadelphia. 

Darlington 

Loudon- 

Centre 

White 

Franklin 

Price 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Deer  Lodge.- 

Warren 

Montgomery 

Tuscarawas 

Beaver 

Clarion 

Alleghany 

Sullivan 

Worcester 

White 

Putnam 

Columbia 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Benton 

Sagadahoc 

Maricopa 

Henry  

Oswego 

Jackson- 

Chester 

Jersey 

Macoupin 

Lycoming 

Shelby 

Pickaway 

Edgefield.- 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Holmes 

Pickens 

Freeborn 

Nodaway 

Fairfield 

Wapello 

Winona 

Lycoming 

Wayne 

Greenville 

Mineral 

Uintah 

De  Kalb 

Washington 

Page 

Lawrence 

Stone 

Texas 

Pierce 

Clermont 

Kewaunee 

Lawrence 

Kosciusko 

Wyoming 

Grafton 

Rockland 

Ashtabula 

Manistee 

St.  Lawrence 

Bond 

Vigo 

Montcalm 

Montcalm 

UorriiOD 


Stete. 


PopnlatkNi. 


1870.      1880. 


Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Wis. 

Wis. 

Kan.... 

N.J 

Ohio 

N.  T-... 

Wis 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 

Mo 

R.  L..... 

HI 

Ind 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y.,.. 

Pa. 

S.  C 

Tenn... 

Pa 

HI 

Me 

Wis 

Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 
Mon-.. 

N.J...M 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Pa 

N.  Y.,.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Mass.... 

Ill 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 

Ill- 

Ill 

Oregon 

Me 

Arizona 

III 

N.  Y 

Oregon 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio.... 

S.  C 

S.C 

S.O 

Miss 

Ala 

Minn.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Iowa. ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Mo 

S.C 

W.  Va... 
Wyom.. 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mo 

Ind 

Pa. 

N.H.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 
Mich.... 

N.  y 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 


1,818 


1,141 
173 


6,130 

1,356 

262 


1,679 

674,022 

1,690 


1,086 


1,373 


6,932 
187 


664 


693 
6*117 


1,184 
291 


1,344 


793 
1,418 

225 
6,292 


493 

728 

1,632 

1,559 


337 


196 


1,366 


1,003 

1,179 

430 

"i'ii 

366 


1,773 

1,130 

432 

1,063 


792 

1,703 

990 


2,381 


1,489 
766 


161 


68 

31« 

2,192 

666 

62 

78 

77 

1,147 

94 

69 

6,189 

1,309 

302 

1,038 

112 

186 

101 

173 

1,760 

847,170 

1,309 

332 

1,779 

2,366 

1,437 

170 

1,043 

309 

299 

7,181 

216 

170 

468 

174 

48 

661 

621 

140 

4,376 

1,343 

1,367 

435 

224 

1,497 

1,708 

691 

1,312 

277 

6,682 

1,418 

148 

611 

820 

1,614 

3,939 

1,866 

212 

122 

264 

630 

118 

188 

82 

124 

321 

666 

666 

1,863 

70 

907 

1,098 

1,421 

2,383 

1,388 

474 

73 

1,984 

1,743 

1,360 

1,084 

•     36 

762 

1,369 

1,046 

148 

2,494 

73 

1,707 

1,678 

37S 

9M 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


366 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Pieux  Island isl. 

Piffard p.T. 

Pigeon tp. 

Pigeon tp. 

Pigeon tp. 

Pigeon tp. 

Pigeon  Grove tp. 

Pigeon  Bun p.T. 

Pigeon  Valley p.tp, 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike. tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike„ tp. 

Pike p.v. 

Pike.„ tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike - tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike.- tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike.- tp. 

Pike.- tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike  Creek tp. 

Pike  Hill v. 

Pike  Pond p.v. 

Pike  Station p.v. 

Piketon p.h. 

Piketon p.v. 

Pikeville p.h. 

Pikeville p.v. 

Pikeville.- p.v. 

Pikeville tp. 

Pikeville.- p.v. 

Pikeville p.h. 

Pikeville p.v. 

Pilesgrove tp. 

Pilgrim h. 

PllUbury tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove p.tp. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove p.v. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove p.v. 

Pilot  Knob p.v. 

Pilot  Mound p.tp, 

Pilot  Mound p.tp 

Pilot  Point p.v. 

Pilot  Town h. 

Pimento p.v. 

Pinal- p.v. 

PInckney. p.v. 

Pinckney p.tp. 

Pinckney p.tp. 

Pinckney p.tp. 

Pinckney  ville p.v. 

Pinckney  ville p.h. 

Pinconning tp. 

Pinconning p.v. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pinei tp. 

Pine- tp. 

Pine- tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine  Apple .p.v. 

Pine  Bluff c. 

Pine  Bluff p.h. 

Pine  City p.tp. 

Pine  Creek tp. 

Pine  Creek tp. 


County. 


St.  Mary's 

Livingston.... 
Vanderburg... 

Warrick 

Haywood 

Trempealeau . 

Iroquois 

Stark 

Haywood 

Livingston ..., 

Jay 

Marion 

Ohio 

Warren- 

MuHcatine 

Lyon 

Stoddard 

Wyoming-..., 

Wyoming 

Brown 

Clark 

Coshocton 

Fulton 

Knox , 

Madison 

Perry 

Stark 

Berks 

Bradford 

Clearfield 

Potter 

Shannon 

Orange 

Sullivan 

Wayne 

Stoddard , 

Pike 

Marion 

Pike 

Pike 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Darke 

Bledsoe , 

Salem , 

Clarion 

Swift ..., 

Kankakee.... 

Vermilion 

Cherokee 

Iowa , 

Surry 

Hancock 

Montgomery. 

Faribault 

Cooper , 

Cooper , 

Moniteau , 

Grayson 

Iron 

Boone 

Fillmore 

Denton 

Cecil , 

Vigo 

Pinal 

Livingston ..., 

Warren 

Lewis 

Union 

Perry...- , 

Livingston..., 

Bay , 

Bay 

Benton 

Porter 

Warren 

Montcalm.... 
Alleghany.... 
Armstrong..., 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Indiana 

Lycoming..  .. 

Mercer 

Wilcox , 

Jefferson , 

Laramie 

Pine 

Ogle 

Madison 


State. 


La 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  C-... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ohio 

N.  C-... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Irtd 

Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Mo 

Vt 

N.  Y — 

Ohio 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Ala 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  C 

N.  C... 

Ohio 

Tenn ... 

N.J 

Pa 

Minn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Tex 

Md 

Ind 

Arizona 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.Y-... 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ala 

Ark 

Wyom.. 
Minn... 

Ill 

N.  C-... 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


1,075 
1,646 


847 

1,585 

2,206 

921 

941 

740 

693 

1,421 

1,730 

551 

1,314 

1,682 

773 

878 

1,301 

394 

2,319 

1,333 

925 

1.814 

1,138 

184 

156 


638 


140 
1,720 


188 
3,385 


1,140 
1,332 


623 
1,311 
1,217 


390 
1,086 


1,024 


681 
747 
946 


1,018 

1,149 

2,413 

773 


623 
474 

1,032 
283 
718 

1,642 
751 
343 
921 
527 

1,235 


2,081 


220 
1,215 

887 


99 

134 

1,274 

1,927 

1,233 

793 

710 

247 

658 

990 

1,750 

2,423 

852 

1,100 

1,086 

987 

1,834 

1,797 

644 

1,339 

1,758 

720 

990 

1,307 

648 

3,059 

1,514 

921 

1,496 

1,441 

281 

340 

239 

120 

293 

60 

666 

57 

108 

246 

2,165 

122 

90 

146 

3,497 

96 

231 

1,289 

1,523 

631 

884 

1,967 

1,229 

878 

324 

1,467 

209 

1,478 

134 

1,359 

658 

1,002 

790 

88 

129 

166 

427 

1,119 

1,152 

3,127 

964 

68 

738 

300 

656 

697 

972 

1,029 

773 

728 

911 

386 

1,189 

640 

1,652 

358 

3,203 

47 

600 

1,199 

738 


Place. 


Pine  Creek tp. 

Pine  Creek tp. 

Pine  Flats p.v. 

Pine  Ground n. 

Pine  Grove p.v. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove v. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove p.b. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove- tp. 

Pine  Grove- tp. 

Pine  Gfove tp. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove  Mills. ..p.v. 

Pine  Island tp. 

Pine  Island p.v. 

Pine  Island p.h. 

Pine  Level p.v. 

Pine  Meadow p.v. 

Pineopolis h. 

Pine  Plains tp. 

Pine  Plains tp. 

Pine  Plains p.v. 

Pine  River h. 

Pine  River tp. 

Pine  River tp. 

Pine  River p.v. 

Pine  Bock tp. 

Pine  Bun p.v. 

Pine  SUtion v. 

Pine  Station p.h. 

Pine  Swamp tp. 

Pine  Valley p.T. 

Pine  Valley tp. 

Pine  Village p.v. 

Pineville p.h. 

PinevUle -p.v. 

Pineville tp. 

Pineville .p.T. 

Pineville .tp. 

Pineville p.v. 

Pineville p.h. 

Piuewood p.v. 

Piney tp. 

Piney tp. 

Piney tp. 

Piney p.tp 

Piney  Creek v. 

Piney  Creek tp. 

Piney  Creek tp. 

Piney  Grove —tp. 

Pink  Hill -p.h. 

Pink  Hill .p.tp. 

Pin  Oak tp. 

Pinora tp. 

PinoB  Altos p.v. 

Pinson -.p.v. 

Pioche -.p.v. 

Pioneer tp. 

Pioneer tp. 

Pioneer p.tp. 

Pioneer p.tp. 

Pioneer p.v. 

Pioneer p.v. 

Pioneer h. 

Ploneervllle v. 

Pipe h. 

Pipe  Creek tp. 

Pipe  Creek tp. 

Piper  City p.v. 

Pipersville p.h. 

Pipestone p.tp. 

Pipe  Stone p.v. 

Piqua c. 

Piscataway tp. 

Piscataway h. 

Pisgah p.h. 

Pisgah p.h. 

Pitcairn p.tp. 

Pitcher tp. 

Pitcher tp. 

Pitcher p.v. 

Pitkin p.v. 

Pitman tp. 

Pitt p.tp. 

Pittsborough p.v. 

Pittsborough p.v. 

Pittsburg p.v. 

Pittsburg h. 

Pittsburg p.h. 


County. 


Clinton 

Jefferson 

Indiana 

Merrimao  -.. 

Amador , 

Van  Buren.. 

Mercer , 

Schuylkill.., 
Schuylkill.., 
Venango...., 

Warren , 

Edgefield- 
Orangeburg 

Portage , 

Centre 

Goodhue .... 
Goodhue ...., 

Orange 

Johnson , 

Litchfield... 
Charleston ., 

Allegan 

Dutchess...., 
Dutchess.... 

Bay 

Gratiot 

Lincoln , 

Waushara .. 

Ogle 

Genesee-...., 

Eureka. 

Clinton.- 

Ashe 

Chemung.-. 

Clark 

Warren 

Bell 

Rapldee 

McDonald I  Mo... 

McDonald Mo... 

Mecklenburg N.  C. 

Mecklenburg |  N.  C. 


State. 


Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  H.... 

Cal 

Mich..., 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Wis 

Pa 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
N.  Y-... 

N.  0 

Conn.... 

S.C 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
Mich.... 
Mich..,. 
Wis.-... 
Wis.-... 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Nev 

Pa 

N.  0 

N.  Y-... 

Wis 

Ind 

Ky 

La 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Bucks., 

Hickman , 

Oregon 

Pulaski 

Texas 

Clarion 

Kent 

Alleghany 

Ashe 

Sampson 

Jackson 

Lenoir 

Madison 

Lake 

Grant 

Madison 

Lincoln- 

Cedar 

Bice 

Bush- 

Missaukee 

Deer  Lodge.... 

Williams 

Venango 

Bois^ 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Madison 

Miami 

Ford 

Jefferson 

Berrien , 

Pipe  Stone , 

Miami 

Middlesex , 

Middlesex , 

Cooper 

Butler 

St.  Lawrence., 

Cherokee 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Gunnison 

Montgomery  ., 

Wyandot 

Hendricks 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Sullivan 

Van  Buren.... 


Pa, 
Tenn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Md 

N.  0-... 

N.  0 

N.  C. 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Mex. 
Tenn.... 

Nev 

Iowa.... 
Kan-... 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mon 

Ohio 

Pa 

Idaho... 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

N.J 

N.  J 

Mo 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Col 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ind 

Miss 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 


970 
S41 


1,700 


2,274 
845 
875 
1,206 
1,320 
827 
818 


1,140 


180 
1,603 


981 
1,048 


409 
260 
963 


414 
1,067 


437 

641 

866 

1,160 


839 
1,776 


672 


1,622 


338 


2,300 

1,227 

302 


1,379 


6,967 
2,767 


667 

144 

1,124 


186 
320 


366 


^  In  1878,  part  to  Boggs. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlkC*. 


Plttebnrg tp. 

Pittaburg h. 

Pltteburg p.h. 

Pittsburg _p.tp. 

Pittsburg V. 

Pittsburg c. 

Pittsburg p.v. 

Pittsfleld ~tp. 

Pittsfield™ p.T. 

Pittsfield^ tp. 

Pittsfleld p.T. 

•  Pittsfleld c 

Pittsfleld- p.tp. 

Pittsfleld- tp. 

Pittsfleld p.v. 

Pittsfleld p.tp 

Pittsfleld p.tp 

Pittsfleld- p.tp 

Pittsfleld tp. 

Pittsfleld- p.v. 

Pittsfleld- tp. 

Pittsford -tp. 

Pittsford tp. 

Pittsford p.T. 

Pittsford tp. 

Pittsford.- p.T. 

Pittsford p.tp, 

Pittsgrove p.tp. 

Pittston tp. 

Pittston p.T. 

Pittston p.b. 

Pittston  1 tp. 

Pittstown p.T. 

Pittstown p.tp, 

Pittsville p.h. 

Pittsville p.h. 

Pittsville- p.v. 

Plxley tp. 

Place  rville tp. 

Placerville.- p.v. 

Placervllle p.v. 

Placitas V. 

Plain tp. 

Plain tp. 

Plain « tp. 

Plain ~ p.tp. 

Plain tp. 

Plain  City p.v. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld p.T. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld p.T. 

Plainfleld p.T. 

Plainfleld p.tp. 

Plainfleld^ tp. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld p.T. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld p.h, 

Plainfleld c. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld t. 

Plainfleld p.T. 

Plainfleld p.T. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld p.T, 

Plainfleld tp. 

Plainfleld p.T 

Plain  Orove p.tp. 

Plains p.tp. 

Plainsburg p.v. 

Plaluview p.v. 

Plain  View tp. 

Plainview tp. 

Plainview p.v. 

PlainviUe p.tp, 

Plalnvllle p.h. 

Plalnvllle p.tp. 

PlainTille p.v. 

PlainTille p.T. 

PlainTille t. 

PlainTille t. 

Plainwell p.T. 

Plaistow —p.tp. 

Planewell t. 

Piano p.v. 

Piano i p.tp, 

Piano p.v. 

PlantersTlUe p.T. 

Plaquemine p.T. 


CJounty. 


SUte. 


Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Hickory 

Coos , 

Wayne , 

Alleghany 

Camp , 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Somerset , 

Berkshire 

Washtenaw-. 

Merrlmac. 

Merrimac.......... 

Otsego 

Lorain 

Warren 

Rutland 

Kutland , 

Brown 

Butler 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Rutland 

Salem 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Hunterdon 

Rensselaer 

Johnson 

Fort  Bend 

Wood 

Clay 

El  Dorado 

El  Dorado- 

Bois6 

Bernalillo 

Kosciusko 

Franklin 

Stark 

Wayne 

Wood 

Madison 

Windham 

Windham 

Will 

Will 

Bremer 

Hampshire 

Iosco 

Kent 

Livingston 

Sullivan 

SulllTan 

Union 

Otsego 

Queens 

Coshocton , 

Cumberland 

Northampton  .„., 

Washington 

Washington 

Waushara 

Waushara. 

Lawrence , 

Luxerne 

Merced , 

Macoupin 

Phillips , 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Hartford 

Daviess , 

Rooks 

Onondaga 

Hamilton- 

Providence , 

Washington , 

Allegan 

Rockingham 

Adams 

Tulare 

Kendall- 

Collin 

Georgetown 

Iberville 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


400 


86,076 


2,799 
1,621 
1,813 


11,112 
1,121 
1,600 


1,469 
980 

1,260 
482 


68d 

612 

1,675 


1,974 
605 
2,127 
1,667 
2,363 


6,760 
4,447 


4,093 


1,517 

2,624 

1,662 

318 


Kan.... 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
N.H.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Iowa .... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Vt 

N.  J 

Me 

Me 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Tex  _... 

Wis 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Idaho. .. 
N.  Mex, 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mass 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  H-... 
N.  H. ... 

N.J. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Pa 

Cal 

Ill 

Kan 

Minn ...  728 
Minn...)  637 
Conn....      1,433 

Ind 

Kan-.. 
N.  Y„., 
Ohio..., 

R.  I 

R.  I 

Mich.. 
N.H... 

Ill 

Cal 

Ill 

Tex  „.. 

8.0 

La 


1,490 
1,293 
2,226 
1,837 
1,719 
467 
4,621 


1,760 
723 


621 

122 

1,499 


1,589 


6,096 
1,248 


1,988 
726 


997 


776 
4,018 


161 


l,0;i5 
879 


1,460 


529 

36 

91 

581 

124 

166,389 

745 

8,264 

2,104 

1,909 

967 

13,364 

1,233 

1,974 

1,184 

1,460 

976 

1,740 

555 

180 

712 

730 

1,614 

134 

2,236 

756 

1,982 

1,778 

2,458 

976 

7,472 

2,666 

100 

4,095 

30 

76 

163 

1,566 

2,949 

1,961 

426 

283 

1,467 

1,270 

2,640 

1,993 

1,985 

908 

4,021 

238 

1,713 

686 

293 

457 

61 

1,608 

109 

1,372 

75 

8,126 

1,195 

107 

300 

202 

2,468 

729 

297 

1,109 

348 

788 

6,364 

143 

182 

272 

675 

608 

1,930 

91 

651 

138 

200 

150 

191 

1,366 

1,002 

152 

181 

1,782 

556 

173 

2,061 


Place. 


County. 


Plato - tp. 

Plato p.ta. 

Platte tp. 

Platte tp. 

Platte p.tp. 

Platte* -..tp. 

Platte tp. 

Platte  < tp. 

Platte tp. 

Platte  Centre p.h. 

PlHtte  City p.v. 

Plattekill tp. 

Plattekill p.T. 

PlatteTille tp. 

Platteville p.v. 

Platteville tp. 

Platteville p.  v. 

Plattin p.tp 

Plattonville n. 

Plattsburg p.h. 

Plattsburg p.v. 

Plattsburg tp. 

Plattsburg p.T. 

Plattsburg p.h. 

Plattsmouth c. 

Piatt  Springs tp. 

Plattsville p.T. 

Plattville p.T. 

Plaza  del  AlcaIde...p.T. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant p.tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant - tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant  Brook ..p.h. 

Pleasant  Corner.  ...h. 

Pleasant  Dale p.tp. 

Pleasant  Gap p.T. 

Pleasant  Gap tp. 

Pleasant  Gap p.T. 

Plea.«Bnt  Garden...  h. 
Pleasant  Garden  ...p.h. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove p.h. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Plea.sant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove p.v. 

Pleasant  Grove p.tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove p.h, 

Pleasant  Grove p.v, 


Kane -.. 

McLeod- 

Taylor 

Union 

Benzie 

Andrew 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Clinton 

Platte 

Platte 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Mills 

Taylor 

Grant- 

Grant...- 

Jeflerson , 

Assumption  -. 

Winston 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton— 

Clark 

Cass 

Lexington 

Shelby 

Kendall 

Rio  Arriba , 

Fulton 

Allen , 

Grant 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Porter 

Steuben 

Switzerland 

Wabash 

Appanoose 

Cass 

Hardin-. 

LucM 

Monroe 

Pottawattamie ..., 

Poweshiek 

Union 

Wapello 

Winneshiek , 

Wright- 

Butler 

Coffey 

Harvey 

Lincoln 

Brown 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Knox 

Logan 

Madison 

Marion 

Perry 

Putnam 

Seneca 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Otsego 

Lehigh 

Bush - 

Cherokee 

Bates 

Centre 

Putnam 

Guilford 

Coles , 

Des  Moines 

Des  Moines 

Floyd 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Greenwood 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Alamance 

Johnson 

Randolph 

Belmont 

Utah 


SUta. 


Ill- 

Minn ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo- 
Mo... 
Neb. 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa. ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

La 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Neb-..., 

8.0 

Ohio-... 

Ill 

N.Mex. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa .... 
lowB.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Kan  -.., 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio,..., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio».., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio.,.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa. 

Kan 

Ala 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind 

N.C 

Ill- 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..,, 
Iowa..., 
Kan  -.., 
Minn.. 
Minn  .„ 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Ohio-.. 
Utah ... 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


1/M 


163 
666 
181 
3,416 
1,159 
3,086 
1,631 


699 
2,031 


762 


3,683 
2,637 
1,217 


1,0«7 
8,414 
6,139 


1,944 
679 


1,686 
1,280 
1,676 
2,170 
814 
616 
2,071 
S,146 
2,663 
1,101 


842 

632 

1,299 


646 
663 
1,166 
994 
332 


2,606 

1,553 

2,327 

1,833 

1,336 

4,002 

860 

861 

994 

1,330 

1,078 

655 

1,963 

1,362 

3,683 

386 


1,634 


1,678 
1,088 


442 
876 

1,446 
462 

1,071 


1,246 
1,636 
1,218 


962 

40 

1,867 

968 

170 

1,610 

1,218 

2,362 

1,389 

47 

670 

2,205 

574 

1,096 

158 

8,813 

2,687 

1,692 

99 

47 

1,344 

8,283 

6,245 

63 

4,176 

851 

104 

118 

168 

1,937 

1,641 

1,643 

2,673 

674 

892 

2,483 

2,024 

2,184 

1,010 

1,174 

1,180 

895 

1,360 

655 

707 

682 

1,034 

926 

594 

620 

1,021 

687 

803 

2,940 

1,681 

2,281 

2,291 

1,866 

6,492 

1,773 

1,032 

1,123 

1,433 

1,188 

1,053 

8,013 

1,417 

6,413 

395 

94 

76 

474 

120 

1,463 

176 

66 

16 

1,400 

1,160 

07 

665 

012 

1,667 

600 

844 

200 

1,614 

1,860 

1,870 

60 

1,776 


1  Slnca  1870,  part  to  Marcy.  *  In  1878,  part  to  Wilber.  *  Since  187\),  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  part  to  Kmntij. 
867 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Flaee. 


Ooanlgr. 


Pleasant  Hall .p.r. 

Pleasant  Hill p.v. 

Pleasant  Hill -p.b. 

Pleasant  Hill tp. 

Pleasant  Hill p.v. 

Pleasant  Hill h. 

Pleasant  Hill tp. 

Pleasant  Hill p.v. 

Pleasant  Hill tp. 

Pleasant  Hill p.v. 

Pleasant  Hill tp. 

Pleasant  Hill p.v. 

Pleasant  Hill h. 

Pleasant  Hill p.v. 

Pleasant  Hill p.tp. 

Pleasant  Hope p.b. 

Pleasant  Lake p.v. 

Pleasant  Mills p.v. 

Pleasant  Mills p.h. 

Pleasant  Mound. ...p.v. 
Pleasant  Mounds... p.tp. 
Pleasant  Mount.... p.b. 

Pleasauton p.v. 

Pleasanton p.v, 

Pleasanton p.tp, 

Pleasanton p.v. 

Pleasanton p.v. 

Pleasant  Plain p.v. 

Pleasant  Plain p.v. 

Pleasant  Plains p.v. 

Pleasant  Plains tp. 

Pleasant  Plains v. 

Pleasant  Prairie. ...p.tp. 
Pleasant  Prairie. ..,p.tp. 

Pleasant  Ridge tp. 

Pleasant  Bidge tp. 

Pleasant  Bidge tp. 

Pleasant  Bidge pl'n. 

Pleasant  Bun tp. 

Pleasant  Bun p.v. 

Pleasant  Springs. „tp. 

Pleasant  Unity p.v, 

Pleasant  Vale tp. 

Pleasant  Valley p.v. 

Pleasant  Valley. ....p.tp. 
Pleasant  Valley  ....tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley  .....tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley  i...tp. 

Pleasant  Valley p.tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley  ...„tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley p.v. 

Pleasant  VaUey_...b. 

Pleasant  Valley b. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley p.tp, 

Pleasant  View tp. 

Pleasant  View v. 

Pleasant  View p.tp. 

Pleasant  View p.tp. 

Pleasantville v. 

Pleasantville v. 

Pleasantville «.p.v. 

Pleasantville p.  v. 

Pleasantville b. 

Pleasantville p.b. 

Pleasnrevllle p.v. 

Pleasurevllle v. 

Pleeis p.v. 

Plevna p.tp. 

Plomosa b. 

Plover tp. 

Plover p.v. 

Plowden's  Mill tp. 

Pluckemin p.v. 

Plum tp. 

Plum tp. 

Plum p.tp 

Plumas tp. 

Phun  Creek tp. 

Plum  Creek p.v. 

Plum  Creek h. 


Franklin., 

Dallas 

Talbot 

Pike 

Pike , 

Delaware.. 
Winona... 
De  Soto.... 


Cass 

Sullivan 

Saline 

Clermont- 

Miami 

Lancaster. 

Polk 

Steuben m.., 

Adams 

Atlantic , 

Bond ... 

Blue  Earth 

Miller „» 

Decatur- , 

Linn 

Manistee 

Athena 

Atascosa 

Jefferson , 

Warren 

Sangamon-.,..» 

Lake 

Bicbmond > 

Martin 

Kenosha 

Livingston 

Lee 

Pawnee 

Somerset 

Lawrence 

Hunterdon 

Dane 

Westmoreland. 

Pike 

Litcbileld 

Jo  Daviess 

Carroll 

Cerro  Gordo 

Fayette.- 

Grundy 

Johnson 

Scott 

Webster 

Cowley 

Pawnee 

Saline 

Wilson 

Mower 

Wright... 

DutcheRS 

Dutchess 

Luzerne 

Korthampton.- 

Potter 

Eau  Claire 

St.  Croix 

Macon 

Shelby 

Cherokee 

Emmett 

Cumberland 

Pike 

Marion 

Fairfield. 

Bedford 

Venango 

Henry „.,.. 

York 

Jefferson 

Beno- 

Tuma 

Portage 

Portage 

Clarendon 

Somerset 

Phillips 

Alleghany 

Venango 

Plumas 

Mitchell 

Dawson 

Alleghany 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa- 

Ala 

Oa- 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn.. 
Miss-.. 
Mo..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
8.  C.-.. 

Mo 

Ind... 

Ind 

N.  J,-, 

111 

Minn . 

Mo 

Iowa.. 

Kan-. 

Mich.... 

Ohio — 

Tex.,..,- 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

111 

Mich.... 
N.  Y — 
Minn ... 
Wis.-.,. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan  „... 

Me 

Ind 

N.  J 

Wta 

Pa- 

IlL. 

Conn.... 

Ill- 

Iowa..,. 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..- 
Iowa.... 
Iowa, ... 
Kan...,. 
Kan-.,. 
Kan-.,. 

Kan 

Minn  .„ 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Wis 

Wis. 

111 

Ind 

Kan  -... 
Mich.... 

ni 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Kj. 

Pa- 

N.  Y-... 
Kan  -... 
Arizona 
WIs.- 
Wls.- 
S.  C- 
N.  J- 
Kan- 

Pa 

Pa..... 
Cal ... 
Kan- 
Neb... 
Pa.,... 


1,411 
230 


643 


3,602 

2,654 

634 


324 
1,624 


448 
122 


283 


70 


408 

1,377 

809 

972 


136 
690 


1,066 


1,188 


943 


1,119 
402 

1,189 
761 


470 
319 


1,963 


140 
348 
692 
899 


971 


1,598 


881 


863 


1,300 

1,140 

640 


407 

193 

91 

1,486 

276 

43 

819 

173 

3,073 

2,372 

1,052 

115 

72 

461 

2,426 
80 
451 
135 
90 
174 
695 
89 
117 
709 
481 
107 
393 
202 
151 
417 
360 
489 
238 

1,386 
737 
903 
326 
128 

1,768 
184 

1,278 
298 

1,823 
189 
923 
493 
319 

1,601 
880 
604 
821 
905 

1,099 
913 
425 
848 
699 
722 

1,785 
429 

1,913 

61 

211 

941 

693 

1,331 
118 

1,107 
418 
116 
129 
449 
334 
227 
855 
176 
246 
214 
198 
39 

1,220 
412 
965 
135 
655 

1,721 

1,116 

1,057 

673 

344 

93 


Place, 


Plnm  Creek tp, 

Plumer ,p,v. 

Plum  Grove p.tp. 

Plummer's  Landing.p.h 

Plunimerville -p.v. 

Plnmstead tp. 

Plumsteadville p.v, 

Plumsted tp, 

Plumville .p.v, 

Plunkett's  Creek...tp. 

Plymouth p.v, 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth c. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.h. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.tp. 

Plymouth p.tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth. tp. 

Plymouth. p.v. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth ~ v, 

Plymouth tp, 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth p.b. 

Plymouth tp, 

Plymouth tp, 

Plymouth p.tp, 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth tp, 

Plymouth, tp, 

Plymouth p.v, 

Plymouth p.tp, 

Piympton. p.tp, 

Poca. « p.v, 

Pocahontas p.v. 

Pocahontas p.v. 

Pocahontas p.h. 

Pocahontas p.b. 

Pocahontas p.v, 

Pocahontas  Centre.p.h. 

Pocasset p.v. 

Pocket p.tp, 

Pocomoke  City p.v, 

Pocono, tp. 

Pocopson p.tp. 

Pocotaligo tp. 

Poe tp. 

Poeetenkill -tp, 

Poestenkill p.v. 

Point „...tp. 

Point tp. 

Point tp. 

Point  Clear -p.h. 

Point  Douglas p.v. 

Point  Isabel p.v. 

Point  of  Bocks p.v. 

Point  Pleasant tp. 

Point  Pleasant p.v. 

Point  Pleasant p.v. 

Point  Pleasant p.v. 

Point  Pleasant v. 

Point  Pleasant p.h. 

Point  Pleasant p.v, 

Pointville p.v, 

Pokagon -,tp, 

Pokagon -.p.v, 

Poland - tp. 

Poland „„,.p.tp, 

Poland tp. 

Poland p.v. 

Poland ,. .tp. 

Poland p.v. 

Polk -tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk -.tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk -.tp, 

Polk -,tp. 


County. 


Armstrong ....... 

Venango„._ 

Butler 

Fleming 

Conway 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Ocean 

Indiana 

Lycoming- 

Amador 

Litchfield- 

Litchfield 

Hancock 

Marshall 

Cerro  Gordo 

Plymouth-.....- 

Lyon 

Bnssell 

Penobscot , 

Plymouth- 

Wayne , 

Wayne , 

Hennepin 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Chenango.. ........ 

Chenango 

Washington 

Washington- 

Ashtabula 

Montgomery 

Bichland 

Bichland 

Luzerne 

Luzerne.. 

Montgomery 

Windsor,.... , 

Juneau 

Bock.- 

Sheboygan , 

Sheboygan 

Windsor. 

Plymouth , 

Putnam 

Bandolpb  - , 

Bond 

Cape  Girardeau... 

Somerset 

Hardeman 

Pocahontas....... 

Barnstable 

Moore 

Worcester 

Monroe- 

Chester.- 

Hampton- 

Binggold 

Bensselaer , 

Bensselaer .., 

Calhoun 

Posey 

Nortbuml>erIaud. 

Baldwin 

Washington- 

Clermont.- 

Frederick 

Warren- 

New  Madrid 

Ocean 

Clermont 

Guernsey 

Bucks , 

Mason 

Burlington 

Cass 

Cass 

Bnena  Vista- 

Androscoggin 

Chautauqua 

Herkimer. 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Calhoun 

Macoupin- 

Huntington- 

Marshall 

Monroe 

Washington 

Benton 

Bremer 


State. 


Pa 

Pa 

Kan-. 
Ky  .„. 
Ark.-, 

Pa 

Pa 

N.J- 
Pa-.., 

Pa- 

Cal  .,..„ 

Conn 

Conn,,,. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa- 
Iowa,. 
Kan-., 
Kan  -., 

Me 

Mass.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.., 
Minn .. 
N.  H-. 
N.  H-. 
N.  Y„., 
N.  Y — 
N.  C — 
N.C  — 
Ohio-,.. 
Ohio — 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Vt 

Wis.- 
Wis.-, 
Wis.-. 
Wis.- 

Vt 

Mass. 
W.  Va- 
Ark-.. 

Ill 

Mo,.. 

Pa. 

Tenn. 
Iowa. . 
Mass.. 
N.  C-. 
Md .... 

Pa. 

Pa-.... 
8.  C... 
Iowa... 
N.  Y-„ 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ind..,,. 

Pa 

Ala 

Minn. 
Ohio-,, 

Md 

Ill , 

Mo 

N.  J_. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. , 

W,  Va„ 
N,  J-. 
Mich,,, 
Mich.. 
Iowa.,,. 

Me 

N.  Y-.. 
N.Y-., 
Ohio-. 
Ohio..... 
Ark.-., 

Ill- 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 


Population. 


1870,      1880. 


1,738 


2,617 
1,666 

*^49 


2,482 
*"36'7 


941 

6,238 

3,016 

969 

872 

1,409 

*i',6M 


2,666 

1,389 

667 

1,609 
703 
2,684 
4,669 
2,026 
1,286 
796 
1,396 
2,280 


1,286 
804 


226 


1,362 

1,195 

1,119 

573 

606 


1,769 


1,651 
980 
938 


1,004 


773 


1,386 


60 
2,436 
1,418 


2,481 
453 
286 


960 

1,812 

843 

920 

1,196 

1,267 


868 


1870,  part  to  Lincoln, 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Polk ......tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk «.tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk- tp. 

Polk  _ tp. 

Polk- tp. 

Polk tp. 


.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

..p.v. 

,.tp. 


Polk 

Polk 

Polk 

Polk 

Polk 

Polk . 

Polk- 

Polk- tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk  City p.v. 

Polkton tp. 

Polkton p.T. 

Polktown T. 

Pollard - p.y. 

Pollock p.v. 

PollockSTlUe tp. 

Pollocksville pJi. 

PoUysbnrg v. 

Polo p.T. 

Polo p.h. 

Pomeroy p.v. 

Pomeroy o. 

Pomeroy  „ p.h. 

Pomfret p.tp, 

Pomfret tp. 

Pomfret p.tp, 

Pomme  de  Terre...p.tp 

Porno h. 

Pomona p.v. 

Porapey p.tp. 

Pompey  Smash v. 

Pompton tp. 

I'ompton p.v. 

Ponca p.v. 

PoDchatoula p.v. 

Poncho  Springs p.v. 

Pond  Creek tp. 

Pond  Creek  Colliery.v. 

Ponsett h, 

Pontiac tp. 

Pontiac p.v. 

Pontiac c. 

Pontiac tp. 

Pontiac p.v. 

PontooBUc tp. 

Poutooauc p.v. 

Pontotoc p.v. 

Poolesville p.v. 

Poolville.- p.v. 

Pope tp. 

Pope's  Depot p.v. 

Pope's  Mills p.h. 

Poplar tp. 

Poplar  Bluff. tp. 

Poplar  Bluff p.v. 

Poplar  Branch p.tp. 

Poplar  City p.h. 

Popliir  Grove p.v. 

Poplar  Grove v. 

Poplar  Grove p.h. 

Poplar  Plains p.v. 

Poplar  Springs p.h. 

Poplar  Tent tp. 

Poquetannock p.v. 

Portage tp. 

Portage..,.. tp. 

Portage tp. 

Portage h. 

Portage p.tp. 

Portage tp. 

Portage. tp. 

Portage. tp. 

Portage tp. 

Portage tp. 

Portage tp. 

Portage p.v. 

Portage tp. . 

Portage p.h. 

Portage tp. 

Portage tp. 

Portage p.v. 


County. 


Jefferson 

Marion 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Wapello 

Adair 

Atchison 

Cass 

Christian.-... 

Dade 

De  Ealb 

Madison 

Nodaway 

Bay 

St.  Clair 

Sullivan 

Ashland 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Washington- 
Polk 

Ottawa 

Anson 

New  Castle... 
Escambia-.... 

Sullivan 

Jonee- 

Jones  - 

Fleming 

Oglo 

Caldwell 

Calhoun 

Meigs 

Chester 

Windham 

Chautauqua.. 

Windsor 

Grant. 

Mendocino... 

Franklin 

Onondaga 

Alleghany.... 

Passaic 

Passaic 

Dixon 

Tangipahoa ., 

Chaffee 

Greene 

Luzerne 

Middlesex. ... 
Livingston... 
Livingston . 


State. 


Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mo 


Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Iowa .... 
Mich.... 

N.  0 

Del 

Ala 

Mo 

N.C.-... 

N.C 

Ky 

Ill 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Conn  ... 
N.  T..... 

Vt 

Minn ... 

Cal 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Md 

N.  J 

N.  J.„... 

Neb. 

La 

Col 

Mo 

Pa 

Conn.... 

Ill 

111 


Oakland |  Mich.. 

Mich.. 
K.  I .... 

Ill 

Ill 

Miss-. 

Md 

N.  Y... 

Ill 

Miss-. 
N.Y-. 
8.C.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.C.„. 

Ill 

Ark... 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Ky 

Md.... 

N.  C.„. 

Conn.. 

Ind.... 

Ind.... 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Mich.... 

Mo... 

N.  Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Pa-.. 

Pa„.. 

Pa.... 

Utah. 


Oakland., 

Kent 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Pontotoc 

Montgomery., 

Madison 

Fayette 

Panola 

St.  Lawrence.. 
Orangeburg.., 

Butler 

Butler 

Currituck 

Mason 

Phillips 

Boone 

Howard 

Fleming 

Howard 

Cabarrus 

New  London.. 

Porter. 

St.  Joseph 

Houghton 

Houghton 

Kalamazoo.... 
New  Madrid.. 
Livingston.... 

Hancock 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Wood 

Wood 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Cameron 

Potter 

Box  Elder 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,211 
879 


724 

1,113 

769 

662 

1,807 

1,243 

1,453 

957 

320 

3,427 

1,368 

316 

1,415 


4,369 

2.')6 

1,076 

2,220 


2,416 


1,263 
1,805 


5,824 


1,488 
4,306 
1,261 


3,314 
1,840 


320 
'882 


2,438 
1,6.57 
4,867 
1,075 


1,946 


384 


163 


76 
730 
840 


1,140 


1,566 

i'iiso 


728 
7,983 
1,640 


1,050 

'i',338 
899 
1,246 
1,694 
1,069 


1,180 

736 

443 

893 

910 

716 

1,628 

1,499 

1,416 

1,117 

1,345 

875 

6,662 

1,534 

605 

3,002 

336 

6,518 

361 

1,100 

2,a37 

443 

2,688 

183 

156 

347 

104 

2,228 

53 

129 

1,819 

72 

185 

6,560 

77 

1,470 

4,661 

1,139 

160 

88 

269 

3,240 

6S6 

2,251 

192 

594 

293 

170 

1,009 

223 

95 

3,414 

2,242 

4.609 

1,000 

714 

789 

266 

447 

287 

172 

700 

181 

84 

1,612 

1,77a 

791 

1,814 

24 

119 

163 

60 

278 

67 

1,436 

110 

808 

14,050 

2,863 

35 

1,007 

603 

1,295 

914 

2,094 

2,640 

1,434 

■MH 

765 

274 

186 

114 


Place. 


Portage c. 

Portage  des  Sionx..tp. 
Portage  des  Sioux-p.v, 

Portage  Lake pint 

Portageville pJi. 

Port  Alleghany p.v. 

Port  Andrew p.v. 

Port  Austin tp. 

Port  Austin p.v, 

Port  Barnet h. 

Port  Barron v. 

Port  Blanchard p.v, 

Port  Byron -tp. 


.p.v. 
.p.v. 
..p.b. 
..p.v. 
,,p.v. 
pb. 


Port  Byron-. 
Port  Byron-. 
Port  Carbon 
Port  Chester 
Port  Clinton, 
Port  Clinton, 

Port  Clyde -p.v. 

Port  Crescent .p.v. 

Port  Deposit p.v. 

Port  Dickinson .p.v. 

Port  Edwards tp. 

Port  Edwards p.v. 

Port  Elizabeth p.v. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter p.v. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter p.tp, 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter v. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 


..p.v. 
,.p.v. 
..p.h. 
..p.h. 
.p.b. 
..p.h. 
..p.v. 


Porter  Station 
Portersville.... 
Portersville.... 
Portersville.... 
Portersville.... 

Porterville 

Port  Ewen , 

Port  Fulton v 

Port  Gamble p.v. 

Port  Gibson p.v. 

Port  Griffith t. 

Port  Heuiy.... p.v. 

Port  Huron c. 

Port  Hnron tp, 

Portis p.h. 

Port  Jackson p.v. 

Port  Jefferson p.v. 

Port  Jefferson v. 

Port  Jervis p.v. 

Port  Kent p.v. 

Portland.- p.b, 

Portland. p.tp 

Portland.- tp. 

Portland.- h. 

Portland.- p.v. 

Portland.- tp. 

Portland tp, 

Portland.- tp. 

Portland c, 

Portland- tp. 

Portland p.v, 

Portland p.v. 

Portland p.tp. 

Portland p.v. 

Portland c. 

Portland p.b. 

Portland v. 

Portland tp. 

Portland tp. 

Fortlaudville p.v. 

Port  Louisa p.tp. 


Port  Ludlow., 

Port  Matilda 

Port  Monmouth. 

Port  Morris 

Port  Norris 

Port  Penn , 


.p.v, 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 
.p.v, 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 


Port  Penu v. 


Coanty. 


Columbia. 

St.  Charies 

St.  Charies 

Arooetook 

New  Madrid.. 

McKean 

Bichland 

Huron 

Huron 

Jefferson 

Ascension-.,,, 

Luzerne 

Bock  Island.. 
Rock  Island.. 

Cayuga. 

Schuylkill 

Westchester-. 

Ottawa 

Schuylkill 

Knox 

Huron 

Cecil 

Broome- 

Wood 

Wood 

Cumberland-, 

Porter 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Cass 

Van  Buren ,.., 

Midland 

Christian 

Niagara 

Delaware 

Gallia 

Scioto 

Clarion 

Clinton 

Huntingdon... 

Jefferson 

Lycoming-..., 

Pike 

SchuylklU 

Rock 

Porter 

Tulare 

Dubois 

Perry 

Butler 

DeKalb 

Ulster 

Clarke 

Kitsap 

Ontario.- 

liQeeme. 

Essex. 

St.  Clair , 

St.  Clair 

Osborne 

Montgomery., 

Suffolk , 

Shelby 

Orange -., 

Essex 

Ashley.. 

Middlesex- 

Whiteside , 

Fountain , 

Jay 

Cerro  Gordo..,, 

Kossuth 

Plymouth 

Cumberland-,, 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Callaway 

Chautauqua.... 

Meigs 

Multnomah  ,.„ 
Northampton., 

Preston 

Dodge 

Monroe 

Plymouth- 

Louisa 

Jefferson 

Centre 

Monmouth 

Morris 

Cumberland... 

Newcastle 

Lycoming 


State. 


Wis.., 
Mo..., 
Mo,... 
Me... 
Mo.... 

Pa 

Wis 

Mich.,,. 
Mich.,., 

Pa 

La 

Pa- 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Me 

Mich.... 

Md , 

N.  Y-,„ 
Wis,...,. 

Wis 

N.  J.-.., 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mich..., 
Mich._ 
Mich..., 

Mo. 

N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio. .. 
Ohio-.- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Wis 

Ind 

Cal 

Ind 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ala 

N.Y 

Ind 

Wash... 
N.  Y-.- 

Pa. 

N.Y-.,. 
Mich.,,. 
Mich.... 

Kan 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

Ark 

Conn..., 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.,,. 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa. 

W.  Va.- 

Wis 

WU 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Wash... 

Pa. 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Del 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


3,946 

1,861 

160 

124 


778 


932 

676 

1,089 

2,261 

3,797 

643 

678 


1,006 
1,104 

"i*,933 

1,316 

82 

969 
2,042 

819 


1,966 

1,646 

1,101 

1,253 

626 

660 

102 

1,167 

1,223 


198 


6,973 
832 


446 


410 
6,377 


462 
221 


31,413 
2,363 
1,060 


1,887 
'8',293 


774) 
269 


4,346 

8,641 

226 

13t 

78 

731 

138 

l,3a« 

767 

70 

848 

187 

934 

790 

1,146 

2,.346 

3,254 

1,600 

686 

310 

268 

1,960 

373 

848 

136 

446 

980 

1,095 

105 

1,964 

1,224 

302 

838 

2,278 

925 

172 

2,274 

1,692 

1,056 

1,039 

669 

636 

99 

2,626 

1,224 

224 

202 

66 

80 

216 

68 

1,580 

907 

421 

299 

731 

8,4M 

8,888 

1,010 

43 

716 

1,724 

421 

8,678 

139 

19 

4,167 

926 

86 

1.694 

629 

631 

306 

33,810 

2,809 

1,670 

100 

2,014 

141 

17,677 

606 

360 

1,271 

1,066 

243 

698 

212 

310 

396 

288 

886 

252 

202 


869 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Port  Perry p.v. 

Port  Republic p.v. 

Port  Republic p.v. 

Port  Rlcbmond...~.p.v. 

Port  Royal v. 

Port  Royal p.b. 

Port  Royal p.v. 

Port  Royal p.v. 

Port  Sanilac p.v. 

Portsmouth  i p.tp. 

Portsmouth .c. 

Portsmouth p.tp. 

Portsmouth c. 

Portsmouth p.tp. 

Portsmouth c. 

PortsviUe h. 

Port  Tobacco p.v. 

Port  Townsend p.v. 

Port  Trevorton p.v. 

Port  Union p.h. 

Portvilje tp. 

Portvllle p.v. 

Port  Washington. ..p.v. 
Port  Wa8hiugton...p.v. 
Port  Washington. ..tp. 
Port  WashinKton...p.v. 

Port  William p.v. 

Poseu p.tp. 

Posen tp. 

Posey tp. 

Posey tp. 

Posey tp. 

Posey tp. 

Posey tp. 

Posey tp. 

Posey tp. 

Post tp. 

Post  Mill  Village...p.v. 

Post  Oak* p.tp. 

Poston p.h. 

Postville p.v. 

Postville b. 

Potomac p.v. 

Potosi tp. 

Potosi p.v. 

Potosi tp. 

Potosi p.v. 

Potowomut p.h. 

Potsdam tp. 

Potsdam p.v. 

Pottawatomie tp. 

Pottawatomie tp. 

Pottawatomie tp. 

Pottawatomie h. 

Potter p.tp. 

Potter tp. 

Potter  Hill p.v. 

"otter's  Hollow  ....p.h. 
Potter's  Landing. ..p.v. 

Potter's  Mills p.v. 

Potters  vllle p.v. 

Potterville p.v. 

Potterville p.v. 

Pottsgrove tp. 

Pottstown v. 

Potts  town p.b. 

Pottsville p.b. 

Poughkeepsie c. 

Poughkeepsie tp. 

Poultney tp. 

Poultney p.v. 

Poundridge tp. 

Poundridge p.h. 

Powder  Run h. 

Powell p.v. 

Powellsville p.h. 

Powellton p.v. 

Powellville .p.h. 

Powelton p.v. 

Powers h. 

Powers p.v. 

Powerville h. 

Poweshiek tp. 

Powhatan p.v. 

Powhatan tp. 

Powhatan tp. 

Powhatan  C.  H p.h. 

Powhatan  Point....p.v. 

Pownal p.tp. 

Pownal .tp. 

Pownal p.v. 


Alleghany 

Atlantic 

Rockingham. 

Richmond 

Dauphin 

Juniata 

Beaufort 

Caroline 

Sanilac 

Bay 

Rockingham 

Carteret 

Scioto_ 

Newport 

Norfolk 

Kent™ 

Charles 

Jefferson 

Snyder 

Butler 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Queens 

Tuscarawas 

Oicaukee  

Ozaukee 

CJinton 

Presque  Isle 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Clay 

Fayette_ 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Rush 

Switzerland 

WaHhiugton 

AllHmakee , 

Orange 

Johnson 

Ripley 

Allamakee 

Green 

Prince  William... 

Linn 

Washington 

Grants , 

Grant.. 

Kent 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Coffey , 

Franklin 

Pottawatomie 

Calhoun 

Yates 

Centre 

Washington 

Albany 

Caroline 

Centre , 

Warren 

Eaton 

Bradford 

Montgomery , 

Chester.....' 

Montgomery 

Schuylkill , 

ButchesB 

Dutchess 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Westchester 

Westchester- , 

Luzerne 

Delaware , 

Scioto  

Butte , 

Wicomico™ , 

Hancock 

Kent 

Jay 

Morris 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Pocahontas 

Brown 

Powhatan 

Belmont 

Cumberland 

Bennington 

Bennington , 


State. 


Pa 

N.J  — 

Va. 

N.Y 

Pa. 

Pa. 

8.0 

Va 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  G-... 

Ohio 

R.  I 

Va 

Del 

Md 

Wash... 

Pa- 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Vt 

Mo 

Ind , 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Va 

Kan 

Mo 

Wis 

Wis 

R.  I 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich..., 

N.Y 

Pa 

R.  I 

N.  Y 

Md 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Mich... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 

Vt 

Vt 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Cal , 

Md 

Ga 

Del 

Ind 

N.J 

Iowa..., 

Ark 

Iowa..., 
Kan .... 

Va 

Ohio 

Me 

Vt 

Vt 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


S,028 


659 
*436 


1,660 

9,211 

341 

10,692 
2,003 

10,690 


216 
693 


1,814 
460 
804 
426 

2,390 


184 


2,132 
947 
974 
1,774 
1,763 
2,183 
1,349 
1,223 


2,631 


1,779 

897 

2,686 


7,774 

2,891 

620 

696 

1,166 


1,970 
2,358 


138 


2,896 

"4,125 

12,384 

20,080 

4,009 

2,836 


1,194 


201 

981 

1,705 


1,100 
708 
189 

3,661 
665 
621 
387 
347 
695 
779 

9,690 

222 

11,321 

1,979 

11,390 

72 

202 

917 

319 

76 

2,400 
683 

1,038 
634 

2,604 

1,386 
181 
868 
133 

2,477 
981 

\,(m 

1,978 

1,846 

2,105 

1,411 

1,550 

242 

1,858 

98 

732 

33 

119 

2,347 

715 

2,375 

466 

87 

7,610 

2,762 

471 

817 

1,105 

54 

1,940 

2,375 

165 

91 

135 

180 

168 

471 

120 

8,984 

214 

6,305 

18,253 

20,207 

4,628 

2,717 

943 

1,034 

92 

44 

131 

•   69 

100 

67 

172 

92 

118 

35 

1,282 

196 

258 

1,214 

84 

225 

874 

2,019 

424 


Place. 


Poygan tp. 

Poyner tp. 

Poynette -.p.v. 

Poysippi tp. 

Poysippi p.v. 

Prague p.v. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie >...tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie ....tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie ....tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie* tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairieburg p.v. 

Prairie  City tp. 

Prairie  City p.v. 

Prairie  City p.v. 

Prairie  City p.h. 

Prairie  Creek tp. 

Prairie  Creek p.tp. 

Prairie  Creek p.tp. 

Prairie  Dog tp. 

Prairie  du  Chien  ...c. 
Prairie  du  Chien. ..tp. 
Prairie  du  Bocher.tp. 
Prairie  du  Rocher.p.v. 

Prairie  du  Sac tp. 

Prairie  du  Sac p.v. 

Prairie  Farm tp. 

Prairie  Farm p.h. 

Prairie  Green tp. 

Prairie  Grove p.h. 

Prairie  Home tp. 

Prairie  Home p.h. 

Prairie  Lea p.v. 

Prairie  Ronde tp. 

Prairie  Spring tp. 

Prairieton tp. 

Prairieton tp. 

Prairieton p.v. 

Prairie  Town p.v. 

Pi-airie  View p.h. 

Prairie  View p.tp. 

Prairie  View tp. 

Prairieville tp. 

Prairieville p.v. 

Prairieville tp. 

Prairieville tp. 

Prairieville p.v. 

Prairieville p.v. 

Prather's  Creek tp. 

Prathersville p.h. 

Prattsburg tp. 

Prattsburg p.v. 

Pratt's  Hollow p.v. 

Prattsville tp. 

Prattsville p.v. 

Prattville p.v. 

Preacbersville p.h. 

Preakness v. 

Preble tp. 

Preble p.tp, 

Preble tp. 

Prelile p.v. 

Preble tp. 

Pre-emption p.tp. 

Prentice p.h 

Prentiss tp. 

Prentiss  Vale  - p.v, 


County. 


Winnebago.... 
Black  Hawk.. 

Columbia 

Waushara. 

Waushara 

Scott 

Edgar 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Henry 

Kosciusko 

Tipton 

Warren 

White 

Davis 

Delaware- 

Fremont 

Keokuk 

Mahaska 

Jewell 

Wilson 

Wyandotte.... 

Audrain 

Bates 

Franklin 

Howard 

Jackson , 

Lincoln 

McDonald 

Montgomery . 

Pettis 

Randolph-..., 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Holmes 

Linn 

McDonough- 
McDonongh.. 

Jasper 

Bates 

Logan 

Vigo 

Dubuque 

Decatur 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Randolph  -... 
Randolph  -... 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Barron 

Barron 

Iroquois 

Clarke 

Cooper 

Cooper... 

Caldwell 

Kalamazoo... 

Jackson 

Christian 

Vigo 

Vigo 

Madison 

Logan 

Phillips 

Wilkin 

Barry- 

Barry , 

Brown 

Pike 

Pike 

Kaufman 

Alleghany 

Clay 

Steuben , 

Steuben , 

Madison 

Greene 

Greene 

Autauga 

Lincoln 

Passaic 

Adams 

Fillmore 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Brown 

Mercer 

Morgan , 

Penobscot 

McKean 


State. 


Wis 

Iowa.... 

Wis. 

Wis.-.,. 

Wis 

Minn ... 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Ill , 

ni 

Iowa.... 

Mo , 

111 

Ind , 

Iowa ... 
Kan-... 

Wis 

Wis 

HI 

ni 

Wis.-... 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex 

Mich.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Ark_... 

Kan 

Minn  ... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  — 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex 

N.  0 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 

Ala 

Ky 

N.J 

Ind 

Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Pa 


1870.      1880, 


»  Tn  1871,  part  to  Merritt. 


370 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Jefferson. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Nineveh. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Prescott p.r. 

Prescott p.T. 

Prescott ....tp. 

Prescott p.T. 

Prescott p.v. 

Prescott p.tp. 

Prescott tp. 

Prescott p.b. 

Prescott p.v. 

PrescottvlUe »...t. 

President - p.tp. 

Presidio p.T. 

Preaque  Isle tp. 

Presque  Isle p.T. 

Presque  Isle tp. 

Prestuii tp. 

I'restun p.T. 

Preston p.T. 

Preston h. 

Preston p.b. 

Preston tp. 

Preston tp. 

Preston p.T. 

Preston tp. 

Preston p.T. 

Preston tp. 

Preston tp. 

Preston >..p.tp. 

Preston h. 

Preston. p.tp. 

Preston tp. 

Preston tp. 

Prestonburg p.T. 

Preston  Hill t. 

Preston  Hollow  ...„p.T. 

Preston  Lake ~tp. 

Preston  Side v. 

Prestonville t. 

Price .tp. 

Price  aty h. 

Price's  Branch p.b. 

Pricetown p.T. 

Primrose. 1).t. 

Primrose v. 

Primrose p.tp. 

Princess  Anne p.T. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princeton tp. 

Priuceton. p.T. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princeton p.tp. 

Princeton p.tp, 

Princeton. tp. 

Princeton p.T. 

Priuceton p.T. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.b. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.T. 

Princetown p.tp. 

Prince  ville tp. 

Princeville p.T. 

Prince  William h. 

Prjugbar„ p.T. 

Prior tp. 

Privateer tp. 

Proctor „ p.T. 

Proctor h. 

Proctor  Mills t. 

Proctorsville v. 

Proctors  vlUe p.v. 

ProctorvtUe p.h. 

Proctorville p.T. 

Progress p.T. 

Promise  City p.T. 

Promised  Land. p.b. 

Prompton p.b. 

Prophotstown tp. 

Prophet«town« p.  v. 

Prospect tp. 

Prospect tp. 

Prospect p.tp 

Prospect p.T. 

Prospect tp. 

Prospect p.T. 


County. 


TaTapal» 

Nevada... 

Adams 

Adams 

Linn 

Hampshire 

Faribault 

Lebanon 

Pierce 

Jefferson 

Venango 

Presidio ». 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Presque  Isle«., 
New  London... 
New  Loudon... 

Webster 

Bear  Lake 

Bandolph 

Bicbland 

Plymouth 

Caroline 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Jasper 

Platte 

Chenango 

Muskingum.... 

Wayne 

Adams 

Trempealean .. 

Floyd 

Schuylkill 

Albany 

Renville 

New  London.. 

Carroll 

Monroe 

Washington.... 
Montgomery .. 

Highland 

Lee , 

Schuylkill 

Dane 

Somerset 

Dallas 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Gibson 

White 

Scott , 

Scott 

Franklin 

Caldwell 

Washington.... 

Worcester 

Millo  Lacs 

Mille  Lacs 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Lawrence 

Green  Lake~... 
Green  Lake.-.. 
Schenectady... 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Carroll 

O'Brien  > 

Big  Stone- 

Sumter 

Lee 

Comanche 

Merrimac 

Lycoming 

Windsor 

Caldwell 

Lawrence- 

Dauphin 

Wayne 

Suffolk 

Wayne 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

New  Haven.... 

Butler 

Waldo 

Uneida 

Marion 

Marion 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Arizona 

Ark.... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Kan  — 

Mass.. 

Minn. 

Pa 

Wis.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex.-. 

Me 

Me.  ... 
Mich.. 
Conn.. 
Conn.. 

Ga. 

Idaho. 

Ill 

Ill , 

Iowa. 
Md .... 
Minn 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 

Ky 

Pa. , 

N.  Y... 
Minn . 
Conn .. 

Ky 

Pa 

Utah.. 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Iowa... 

Pa 

Wis™. 
Md ..... 
Ark. ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mass-... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Minn  ... 

S.C 

Ky 

Tex , 

N.  H.... 

Pa. 

Vt- 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Conn.... 
Kan  -.. 

Me 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 


668 
'398 


641 
652 


1,138 

""iii 

""976 


2,161 
"186 


1,083 


1,498 

600 

1.174 

1,692 

957 


1,400 
161 
956 
179 


284 
198 


239 
269 


117 


1,015 
806 


4,363 
3,264 
1,847 

861 
1,197 

498 


1,012 

1,072 

1,279 

662 


389 
3,986 
2,798 


1,709 
705 
846 

1,336 
424 


1,679 


394I 

1,2741 
276| 
651 


886 
'i',286 


1,836 

1,263 

891 

248 

161 

46U 

606 

87 

976 

130 

416 

147 

1,306 

523 

228 

2,523 

103 

139 

49 

62 

1,220 

236 

166 

1,826 

939 

1,048 

1,608 

909 

99 

1,692 

136 

1,630 

265 

320 

212 

256 

1,027 

183 

262 

86 

66 

147 

159 

196 

888 

761 

206 

4,810 

3,439 

2,566 

1,395 

1,227 

494 

103 

1,264 

1,038 

1,100 

330 

687 

1,240 

4,348 

3,209 

130 

2,074 

961 

826 

1,682 

609 

70 

143 

578 

2,171 

100 

38 

163 

208 

387 

67 

386 

144 

203 

71 

310 

1,709 

803 

492 

841 

770 

326 

1,724 

600 


Place. 


County. 


Prospect b. 

Prospect p.b. 

Prospect b. 

Prospect  Harbor.. ..p.v. 

Prospect  Hill b. 

Prospect  Park p.v. 

Prospect  Park v. 

Prospect  Plains p.h. 

Prospect  Station  ...p.v. 

Prosperity p.v. 

Protection p.h. 

Providence.- tp. 

Providence p.v. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence p.v. 

Providence p.tp. 

Providence.- p.b. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence.- tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence c. 

Providence tp. 

Providence.- p.tp. 

Providence p.v. 

ProTincetown p.tp. 

Proviso _ p.tp. 

Provo  City p.v. 

Pruntytown p.T. 

Prussia - tp. 

Pryorsbnrg p.T. 

Pueblo - c. 

Pueuta V. 

Pughtown p.h. 

Pulaski p.h. 

Pulaski p.h. 

Pulaski p.v. 

Pulaski p.tp. 

Pulaski p.v. 

Pulaski- tp. 

Pulaski p.v, 

Pulaski tp. 

Pulaski tp. 

Pulaski ......p.T. 

Pulaski- p.tp. 

Pulaski p.T. 

Pulaski tp. 

Pulaskiville p.h. 

Pultney tp. 

Pultney p.v. 

Pultney tp. 

PultneyTille p.T. 

Pulva T. 

Pnmpkintown tp. 

Pungoteagne p.T. 

Punta  Arenas- p.T. 

Punta  Reyes tp. 

Punxatawney p.b. 

Purcellville p.h. 

Purdy's  Station p.T. 

Purdytown t. 

Pusheta tp. 

Pushmataha p.T. 

Putah tp. 

Put-in-Bay tp. 

Put-in-B«y p.T. 

Putnam p.tp. 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam p.h. 

Putnam  Valley p.tp. 

PutnamviUe p.v. 

Putney - tp. 

Putney -p.v. 

Puyallup p.T. 

Pymatuniug tp. 

Pymosa^- tp. 

Pyramid h. 

Quaker  City p.T. 

Quaker  Meadow.  ...tp. 

Quaker  Springs p.T. 

Quaker  Street p.T. 

Quaker  Street  Depot.T. 
Quakertown p.b. 


Umatilla 

Butler 

Cambria 

Hancock 

Genesee 

Du  Page 

Delaware 

Middlesex 

Giles 

Newberry 

Erie 

Lassen 

Bureau 

Buena  Vista. 

Hardin 

Webster , 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Grenada 

Saratoga 

Mecklenburg 

Pasquotank 

Rowan 

Lucas 

Lancaster 

Providence , 

Orangeburg 

Sumter 

Cache 

Barnstable 

Cook 

Utah 

Taylor 

Adair 

Graves  

Pueblo 

Rio  Arriba 

Chester 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Davis 

Jackson - 

Oswego 

Williams 

Williams 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Lawrence- 

Oconee 

Giles 

Iowa 

Morrow- 

Steuben- 

Steuben- 

Belmont. 

Wayne 

Presidio- 

Pickens 

Accomack- 

Mendocino 

Marin 

Jefferson 

Loudoun 

Westchester , 

North  u  mberland 

Auglaize 

Choctaw 

Yolo 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Windham 

Fulton 

Fayette- 

Linn 

Anderson 

Livingston 

Washington 

Washington.. 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Windham 

Windham 

Pierce 

Mercer 

Cass 

Washoe- 

Guernsey....- 

Burke 

Saratoga 

Schenectady 

Schenectady- 

Bucks ..» 


Bute. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Oregon 

Pa 

Pa. 

Me 

N.Y--^ 

111 

Pa. 

N.J™» 
Tenn... 

S.  C 

N.  Y-.. 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Ky 

Minn .. 
Miss... 
N.Y-.. 
N.  C... 
N.  C- 
N.C-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

B.I 

8.C.... 

S.  C 

Utah.. 
Mass... 

IIL 

Utah.. 

W.  Va.- 

lowa 

Ky... 

Col... 

N.  Mex. 

Pa..... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C... 
Tenn 
Wis.. 
Ohio. 

N.  Y 

N.Y 
Ohio. 
N.  Y...- 

Tex 

8.  C 

Va 

Cttl 

Cal 

Pa. 

Va 

N.  Y..-. 

Pa. 

Ohio..... 
Ala„.... 

Cal 

Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Kan  .... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-.. 

N.Y 

N.  Y„.. 

Ind 

Vt 

Vt 

Wash... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Nev.-... 
Ohio-... 
N.  C~.,. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

P». 


271 
676 


1,338 


1,166 
1,936 

620 
1,616 

863 

1,906 

68,904 

880 
1,486 

481 
3,866 
2,091 
2,384 


666 


123 


1,166 


3,647 


943 
1,668 

""653 
2,070 
l,f  " 


1,393 


6,319 


716 


271 
663 


1,290 


1,412 
1,148 


4,192 

1,654 

766 

760 


1,361 
603 


219 
1,167 


2,649 
2,120 


863 


75 

362 

700 

23« 

69 

197 

197 

38 

176 

367 

60 

107 

127 

376 

1,161 

267 

177 

40 

994 

2,189 

783 

1,685 

1,164 

2,134 

104,857 

1,260 

2,034 

678 

4,346 

3,061 

3,432 

336 

536 

129 

3,217 

195 

80 

77 

61 

196 

1,168 

1,501 

4,430 

146 

903 

1,684 

281 

741 

2,089 

1,402 

61 

1,660 

202 

10,492 

247 

366 

841 

147 

198 

403 

674 

98 

228 

726 

1,466 

124 

1,060 

1,222 

381 

6,827 

1,917 

790 

887 

625 

1,294 

611 

30 

1,666 

204 

1,124 

400 

297 

2,319 

966 

83 

694 

884 

160 

260 

16» 

1,769 


1  In  1870,  including  the  city  of  Atlantic. 


871 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUENS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac*. 


County, 


Quality  Hill h. 

Qnalla  1 ^ tp. 

Qnantico ,..p.T, 

Quarry .tp. 

Quarry p.T, 

Quarrytown t. 

Quarryville p.T, 

Quarryrllle .v. 

Quartz -.tp. 

Quartz  Mountain...v. 

Quasqueton m..~P.t, 

Queechy h. 

Queen  Anne h. 

Queen  City ...—p.v. 

Queen  City ~p.T, 

Queens p.T, 

Queensbury p.tp. 

Queen's  Bun h. 

Queenstown b, 

Queensville p.b. 

Quemahoning tp. 

Quemahouing p^h. 

Quenemo p.T. 

QuewbifSe tp. 

Quihi T. 

Quiucy p.T, 

Quincy -p.T. 

Quiucy c. 

Quincy ..p.T, 

Quiucy -tp. 

Quincy p.T. 

Quincy ...p.tp, 

Quincy p.T. 

Quincy p.tp. 

Quincy -tp. 

Quincy p.T. 

Quincy -tp. 

Quiucy p.tp. 

Quincy -p.b. 

Quincy t. 

Quincy -p.T. 

Quincy ......tp. 

Quincy -p.T. 

Quincy -p.tp. 

Quindaro p.tp. 

QuinerlyTille h. 

Quinnepuuset t. 

Quinnimont p.T. 

Quintana „.„.b. 

Quinton p.tp. 

Quissett p.b. 

Quitman -.p.T. 

Quitman -.p.T. 

Quitmau -.p.T. 

Quitman p.T. 

Quitman p,T. 

Quiver tp. 

Quogue p.T. 

Baccoon p.tp. 

Baccoon tp. 

Baccoon tp. 

Baccoon tp. 

Bacine p.tp. 

Bacine p.T. 

Bacine c. 

Badersburg p.T. 

Badical  City p.b. 

Badnor tp. 

Badnor p.tp. 

Badnor p.tp. 

Bafting  Creek tp. 

Baglan tp, 

Bahn tp. 

Bahn's .t. 

Bahway c. 

Bailroaid tp. 

Bailroad p.b. 

Bailroad  Flat p.b. 

Bainsborongh p.v. 

liitinsburg p.b. 

llaiusTille p.v. 

Haisin tp. 

RaisiuTille p.tp, 

lialeigb p.v. 

Baleigb p.v. 

Baieigh p.b. 

Baleigb c. 

Baleigb tp. 

Baleigb p.v. 

Baleigb  C.  H p.T. 

Balston p.T. 


Madison 

Jackson 

Wicomico 

Jersey 

Mars'ball 

St.  GenevieTe 

Luucaster 

New  Castle 

Plumas 

Tuolumne 

Buchanan 

Columbia— 

Prince  George'*., 

Scbuyler 

Cass 

Queens , 

Warren- , 

Clinton , 

Armstrong , 

Jennings , 

Somerset 

Somerset , 


Cumberland,., 

Medina 

Plumas 

Gadsden 

Adams 

Owen  - 

Adams 

Adams 

Greenwood 

Lewis , 

Norfolk- , 

Urancb 

Brancb 

Hougbton 

Olmsted , 

Hickory 

Belmont 

Logan 

Franklin 

Fraukliu 

Adams , 

Wyandotte 

Pitt 

Worcester-.,., 

Fayette 

Brazoria 

Salem 

Barnstable ..,. 
Van  Buren..,, 

Brooks 

Clarke 

Nodaway 

Wood 

Mason 

Suffolk 

Marion 

Parke 

Gallia 

Beaver 

Mower 

Meigs 

Bacine 

Jefferson 

Montgomery . 

Peoria 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Sumter 

Harrison 

Schuylkill 

Montgomery  ■ 

Union 

Storke 

York 

Calaveras 

Highland , 

Bedford 

Warren 

Lenawee 

Monroe , 

Saline 

Bush 

Union , 

Wake 

Wake 

Shelby 

Baleigb 

Lycoming  ...„ 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


N.  Y_. 
N.  C, 
Md..., 

Ill 

Iowa., 
Mo..., 

Pa 

Del.... 
Gal,... 
Cal .., 
Iowa.,,. 

N.  Y 

Md  ...,„ 

Mo 

Tex 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Kan 

N.  C 

Tex.-... 

Cal 

Fla 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass,,.. 
Mich,,,, 
Mich  ,., 
Mich..,, 
Minn.- 

Mo 

Ohio-,,, 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa- 

Wis 

Kan  -... 

N,  C 

Mass.... 
W.  Va.. 

Tex 

N.  J 

Mass.... 
Ark.-.,. 

Qa 

Miss 

Mo 

Tex- 

Ill 

N.Y 

111- 

Ind 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Wis.-... 

Mon 

Kan  -.., 

Ill- 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.  C 

Iowa..., 

Pa 

Pa- 

N.  J  -.. 

Ind 

Pa 

Cal 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  C... 

N.  C 

Tenn... 
W.Va- 
Pa 


1,697 


810 


8,387 


201 


1,213 


954 


24,0&2 


1,090 
283 


7,442 
2,686 
1,092 
1,117 
807 
80 


320 
3,127 


478 
2,139 


784 


893 

137 

1,139 

1,327 

1,700 

1,012 

813 

560 

9,880 

311 


948 
1,255 
1,431 
1,685 

334 
1,227 


6,258 
532 


220 
250 


1,645 
1,793 


89 


7,790 
10,149 


84 

967 

194 

1,268 

224 

133 

346 

123 

1,006 

106 

529 

64 

58 

357 

301 

347 

9,805 

109 

217 

97 

1,339 

37 

122 

868 

106 

432 

639 

27,268 

228 

2,345 

198 

573 

162 

10,570 

2,626 

1,120 

1,490 

745 

82 

110 

442 

3,187 

3:il 

397 

2,12.J 

61 

267 

651 

47 

6,446 

94 

177 

1,400 

410 

335 

151 

824 

194 

1,181 

1,294 

1,821 

1,092 

885 

4o:{ 

16,031 

169 

71 

1,197 

1,209 

1,924 

2,170 

432 

2,129 

191 

6,455 

730 

220 

38 

236 

280 

131 

1,664 

2,035 

245 

151 

41 

9,265 

13,843 

108 

144 

129 


Place. 


County. 


Bamapo p.tp, 

Barney p.v. 

Bamsay p.tp. 

Bamsey tp. 

Bamsey p.T. 

Bamsey tp. 

Bamsey's -p.T, 

Bamsey  town p.tp. 

Banchos  de  Atrisco.T. 

Bancocas p.T, 

Bandalia p.b. 

Bandall tp, 

Baudleman -tp. 

Bandleman p.T, 

Bandol tp. 

Bandolph Ji. 

Bandolph p.tp. 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph p.h. 

Bandolph  * tp. 

Bandolph p.T. 

Bandolph p.T. 

Bandolph  *, p.tp, 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph tp, 

Bandolph p.tp 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph - tp. 

Bandolph p.T. 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph p.T. 

Bandolph p.tp. 

Bandolph p.T, 

Bandolph p,T, 

Bandolph  - tp, 

Bandolph p.T. 

Bandolph tp. 

Bandolph p.T. 

Baudom  Lake p.T, 

Bange p.tp. 

Bangeley  .,i tp. 

Bangeley p.T. 

Bankin p.T, 

Bankintown h. 

Bansom p.T, 

Bansom tp. 

Bansom p.T. 

Bansom tp, 

Bansom tp. 

Bansom p.tp, 

BansomTille p.T. 

Bantoul tp. 

Bantoul p.T, 

Bantoul tp. 

Bapbo tp. 

Bapidan p.tp. 

Bapid  City p.T. 

Bapid  Biver* tp, 

Bapids tp. 

Bapids  City p.v. 

Bappahaunock t. 

Bappahannock  Sta..p.T. 

Baritan ....tp. 

Baritan tp. 

Baritan tp. 

Baritan p.T. 

Batlil)one tp. 

Bathboneville p.T. 

Bauch's  Gap p.T. 

Bavanna tp. 

Bavanna p.T, 

Bavenna p.tp. 

Bavenna —tp. 

Bavenna -.tp. 

Bavenna -.p.v. 

Baven  Bock p.T, 

Bavenswood p.v. 

Bavenswood p.v. 

Bawles tp. 

Bawlins p.T, 

Bawson v.p.v. 

Bawsonville p.h. 

Bawsonville p.h. 

Bay p.v. 

Bay tp. 

Bay tp. 

Bay p.h. 

Bay tp. 

Bayado p.h. 


Bockland-. 

Clearfield.- 

Kossuth  .„ 

Fayette- 

Fayette- 

Anoka 

Bergen- 

Yancey 

Bernalillo 

Burlington , 

Fayette 

Kenosha 

Bandolph 

Bandolph  - , 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Sierra , 

McLean 

Ohio- 

Bandolph  - 

Tippecanoe 

Fremont 

Biley 

Norfolk 

Dakota-. 

St.  Francois  -,.,. 
Coos 

Burlington 

Morris 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus  -.... 

Montgomery 

Portage 

Portage 

Crawford 

Tipton 

Bich 

Orange 

Orange 

Columbia- 

Dodge 

Sbelioygan 

Madison 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Vermilion 

Washington 

La  Salle 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Nobles , 

Columbus- 

Lackawanna 

Niagara 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Calumet 

Lancaster- 

Blue  Earth 

Pennington 

Kalkaska.- 

Linn 

Bock  Island 

Schuylkill 

Fauquier 

Hunterdon 

Middlesex 

Monmouth 

Somerset 

Steuben , 

Steuben , 

Clinton- 

Mercer , 

Mercer 

Muskegon 

Dakota 

Portage- 

Portage 

Hunterdon 

Cook , 

Jackson- 

Mills 

Carbon „., 

Hancock 

Wayne 

Windham 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Morgan 

Steuben , 

Macomb 

Colfax 


State, 


Population, 


N.  T„.. 

Pa. 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn.. 

N.  J 

N,  C 

N.  Mex, 

N,  J 

Iowa..,, 

Wis. 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Mo 

CaL 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Kan ..... 
Mass.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  H..., 

N.  J 

N.J. 

N.  Y 

N.Y — 
Ohio-,,. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn.,,. 
Utah.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Ill 

Pa. 

Ill 

Mich  .„ 
Mich.... 
Minn.- 

N.  C 

Pa. 

N.  Y-„. 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis. 

Pa 

Minn  ... 
Dakota. 
Mich.... 
Iowa. ... 

Ill 

Pa. 

Va 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N,  y_... 

Pa. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Minn.., 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

N.  J-... 

Ill 

W.  Va., 
Iowa.,.. 
Wyom- 
Ohio-... 
Mich..,. 

Vt 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 
N.  Mex, 


4,649 


1,862 


265 


452 


533 


1,534 


1,958 
3,476 


948 


6,642 
170 
676 
138 
450 
5,111 
2,167 


2,077 
1,564 


1,732 


2,829 


1,167 


1,367 
313 


1,624 


603 


1,628 


916 

3,483 
449 


424 
7,008 


3,664 
3.460 
3,443 
1,009 
1,357 


1,129 


1,036 

236 

3,423 

2,188 


781 
612 


2,070 
761 


1,555 


'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
372 


»  In  1871,  part  to  Union. 


8  In  1872,  part  to  Holbrook. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  1X)WNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pl«o«. 


Raymilton _.p.h. 

Raymond. tp. 

Kayniond. tp. 

Kuymond p.T. 

KHymoud p.T. 

Buyniond tp. 

Raymond p.h. 

Raymond p.tp. 

Raymond tp. 

Raymond p.T. 

Raymond tp. 

Raymond p.T. 

Raymond P-tp. 

Raymond  City p.T. 

RaymondTille p.T. 

Baymore  _ tp. 

Baymore  » p.b. 

Rayne tp. 

Raynbam P.tp- 

Ray's  Hill p.h. 

Raysville p.T. 

Bayaville t. 

Rayville p.T. 

Rayrille p.h. 

Raywlck p.T. 

Rea tp. 

Read p.tp. 

Reade tp. 

Read  field p.tp. 

Reading p.tp. 

Reading tp. 

Reading tp. 

Reading tp. 

Reading p.T. 

Reading P-tp. 

Reading .....tp. 

Reading p.T. 

Reading tp. 

Reading p.T. 

Reading p.T. 

Reading tp. 

Reading ....tp. 

Reading c. 

Reading P-tp. 

Readiugton tp. 

Readington p.h. 

Readaborough tp. 

Readsborough p.T. 

Read's  Village t. 

Reams  town p.T. 

ReaTille p.T. 

Rebersburg p.T. 

Recklesstown p.T. 

Reckord p.h. 

Recovery tp. 

Rectortown_ p.T. 

Red  Bank p.T. 

Bed  Bank tp. 

Red  Bank tp. 

Red  Bank  Purnace.p.T. 

Red  Bluff. p.h. 

Red  Bluff. tp. 

Red  Bluff. p.T. 

Red  Bluff. tp. 

Red  Bud p.T. 

Red  Cedsu- tp. 

Red  Clay _...p.h. 

Red  Cloud p.T. 

Red  Creek p.T. 

Reddie's  RiTer p.tp. 

Redding p.y. 

Redding p.tp. 

Bedding tp. 

Redding p.h. 

Reddington p.h. 

Reddish tp. 

Red  Falls p.h. 

Redfleld p.T. 

Redfleld p.tp. 

Redford p.tp. 

Rodford p.T. 

Red  Hill p.tp. 

Red  Hill p.tp. 

Red  Hook tp. 

Red  iluok p.T. 

Ri'd  House p.tp. 

Redington p.y. 

Red  Jacket p.T. 

Red  Key p.T. 

Red  Lake  Falls p.h. 

Bed  Lion hnd. 


Coantjr. 


Venango 

Champaign.  „.. 
Montg^jmery .. 
Montgomery... 
Black  Hawk... 

Elce 

Rice 

Cumberland.... 

Stearns 

Hinds 

Rockingham .. 
Rockingham... 

Racine 

Putnam 

St.  Lawrence .. 

Cass 

Cass 

Indiana 

Bristol 

Bedford 

Henry 

Warren 

Richland 

Columbia. 

Marion 

Carroll , 

Clayton , 

Cambria , 

Kennebec 

LiTingston.... 

Calhoun 

Sioax 

Lyon , 

Lyon 

Middlesex 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Schuyler 

Schuyler , 

Hamilton 

Perry 

Adams 

Berks 

Windsor , 

Hunterdon.... 
Hunterdon..... 
Bennington.... 
Bennington  ~., 

Wabasha 

Lancaster 

Hunterdon 

Centre 

Burlington 

Baltimore 

Mercer 

Fauquier 

Monmouth 

Armstrong..... 

Clarion 

Clarion 

Jefferson 

Tehama. 

Tehama. 

Marlborough.. 

Randolph , 

Dunn „.... 

Whitfield 

Webster 

Wayne 

Wilkes , 

Shasta 

Fairfield 

Jackson 

Ringgold 

Jackson 

Lewis 

Greene 

Dallas 

Oswego.„ 

Wayne 

Clinton 

Mitchell 

Marlboroagh.. 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Cattaraugus.... 
Northampton.. 

Houghton 

Jay 

Polk ^ 

New  Castle 


State. 


Pa...., 
111..... 
111-.. 
111.... 
Iowa 
Kan. 
Kan.. 
Me.. 
Minn ... 

Miss 

N.  H 

N.  H 

Wis 

W.Va... 

N.  T 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Mass .... 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

La 

N.  T 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Pa. 

Me 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass .... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Vt 

N.J 

N.  J 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn ... 

Pa 

N.J 

Pa- 

N.J 

Md 

Ohio 

Va 

N.  J 

Pa 

Pa.. 

Pa 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

S.C 

Ill 

Wto 

Ga 

Neb....- 

N.  Y 

N.  C.-... 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

8.0 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Minn.„ 
Del„.... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


323 


1,120 
305 


1,121 
1,608 


1,735 
1,713 


100 
'840 


1,456 
1,503 


2,664 
1,657 


1,761 


1,576 
3,334 
1,326 
83,930 
1,012 
3,070 


828 


1,118 


1,341 
1,434 


1,032 
1,308 

"ei's 


1,624 
1,525 


1,324 
1,872 


488 
1,505 
4,350 


407 


8,604 


97 

S73 

1,456 

543 

122 

671 

87 

1,132 

389 

488 

1,053 

297 

1,667 

600 

134 

S46 

83 

1,958 

1,681 

80 

353 

110 

216 

31 

146 

2,859 

936 

1,5,32 

1,243 

1,354 

197 

437 

716 

120 

3,181 

2,176 

871 

1,581 

128 

2,680 

3,367 

1,382 

43,278 

953 

3,103 

59 

743 

182 

579 

333 

212 

221 

151 

49 

1,272 

109 

2,684 

1,667 

2,308 

196 

74 

3,976 

2,106 

2,435 

1,338 

786 

64 

677 

525 

1,257 

600 

1,640 

1,690 

86 

82 

1,720 

79 

394 

1,294 

1,947 

447 

63.'} 

3,010 

4,471 

936 

487 

354 

2,140 

386 

32 

2,480 


Place. 


Bed  Lion p.h. 

Red  Lion p.T. 

Red  Lion p.b. 

Redmon p.h. 

Redmond -tp. 

Red  Oak _tp. 

Bed  Oak tp. 

Red  Oak p.T. 

Red  Oak p.h. 

Red  Oak tp. 

Red  RiTer p.tp. 

Bed  RiTer  Landing.p.T, 

Bed  Rock tp. 

Red  Rock p.T. 

Red  Rock tp. 

Bed  Rock p.h. 

Bedstone P.tp. 

Red  Vermilion  i....tp. 

Bed  Willow p.h. 

Red  Wing „...c. 

Bedwood tp. 

Bedwood - tp. 

Redwood- p.T, 

Redwood  City p.T. 

Redwood  Falls p.T. 

Redwood  Falls tp. 

Reeb's  Station h. 

Reed tp. 

Reed tp. 

Reed tp. 

Reed  City p.T 

Reeder - tp. 

Reeder tp. 

Beeder's tp. 

Beed  Misenheimer's.tp. 
Beed  Plantation. ...p.tp. 

Beedsburg p.T. 

Beedsburg tp. 

Beedsburg p.T. 

Beed's  Comers p.h. 

Beed's  Station p.h. 

Beedsyille p.T. 

Beedsville p.T. 

ReelsTille p.T. 

Beem's  Creek tp. 

Bees  Creek h. 

Beese p.T. 

BeeseTille p.T. 

BeesTille p.T. 

Beeye tp. 

BeeTe tp. 

Reeyes - tp. 

Refton p.h. 

Befugio p.T, 

Rehoboth p.T. 

Behoboth p.tp. 

Behrersburg p.T, 

Beidsburg 

Beidsville 

Reidsville 

BeidsTille 

BeidsTiile tp. 

ReidsTille p.h. 

Reiffsburg p.h. 

Beiley p.tp. 

Eeilly tp. 

Bellly tp. 

Beinersyille p.y. 

Beinbeck p.T. 

Beis tp. 

Beistville p.h. 

Relief  Hill t. 

Remington p.T. 

Bemington  - tp. 

Bemington  - p.h. 

Bemsen p.tp. 

RendsTille tp. 

RendviUe- p.T, 

Renick t. 

Reno - p.h. 

Beno tp. 

Beno- p.h. 

Reno tp. 

Rena tp. 

Beno c. 

Benovo p.b. 

Rensselaer p.T. 

Bensselaer  Falls. ...p.T. 

Bensselaer  vi  lie tp. 

Rensselaerrille p.T. 

BenTille  Station....p.T. 


..p.h. 

..p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 


Cotinty. 


New  Castle.... 

Warren- 

York- 

i:dgar 

Einmett. 

Cedar 

Montgomery.. 
Montgomery.. 

Lawrence 

Barnwell 

Kewaunee 

Point  Couple., 

Marion 

Marion.- 

Mower 

Columbia 

Fayette 

Nemaha 

Red  Willow-. 

Goodhue 

Santa  Clara.... 

Sonoma 

Jefferson 

San  Mateo 

Redwood 

Redwood 

St.  Clair. 

Will 

Seneca 

Dauphin 

Osceola 

Anderson 

Missaukee 

Newberry 

Cabarrus 

Aroostook 

Wayne 

Sank 

Sauk 

Ontario 

Delaware...... 

Meigs 

Manitowoc... 

Putnam 

Buncombe 

Kent 

Tnscola 

Dodge 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Franklin 

Marion 

Lancaster 

Befugio 

Perry 

Bristol 

Berks 

Clarion 

Tatnall 

Albany 

Rockingham  . 
Spartanburg... 
Spartanburg... 

Wells 

Butler 

Nemaha 

Schuylkill 

Morgan 

Grundy 

Polk 

Lebanon 

Nevada 

Jasper 

Wood- 

Wood- 

Oneida 

Stevens 

Perry 

Bandolph 

Cass 

Leavenworth.. 
Leavenworth., 

Reno 

Pope 

Washoe 

Clinton ^ 

Jasper 

St.  Lawrence.. 

Albany 

Albany 

BenviUe 


SUta. 


Del 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

S.  C 

WiB^.. 
La...... 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Minn .. 
N.  Y.... 

Pa 

Kan  -.. 

Neb 

Minn  .. 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Y.... 

Cal 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Mich... 
Kan.... 
Mich... 

8.0 

N.C 

Me 

Ohio 

Wis.. 

Wis.. 

N.Y, 

Ind.. 

Ohio. 

Wis.. 

Ind.. 

N.  0. 

Md... 

Mich.... 

WU.- 

Ohio.. 

Ind.... 

Iowa.. 

S.C... 

Pa. 

Tex..., 
Ohio-, 
Mass.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ga. 

N.  Y... 
N.C_. 
S.  C... 

s.  c... 

Ind.... 
Ohio- 
Kan... 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Iowa.. 
Minn. 

Pa 

Cal 

Ind.... 
Wis™. 
Wis.... 
N.  Y-. 
Minn. 
Ohio-. 

Mo 

Iowa.. 
Kan... 
Kan..., 
Kan  „. 
Minn . 
NeT.-.. 

Pa 

lud 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y..., 
Minn... 


Population. 


187a      1880. 


694 
2,222 
1,815 


1,849 
967 


1,334 
"602 


1,152 
776 


4,260 
1,353 


727 
691 


2,771 

1,334 

368 


702 

130 

2,290 

422 

64 

XSi 

847 


129 


1,671 

704 

1,816 


1,896 

"""ii 

'2,"ot» 


1,612 
T,'89b 


390 


1^84 


254 
1,035 
1,940 

617 


2,492 


78 

163 

241 

71 

616 

603 

4,646 

8,755 

49 

1,761 

1,682 

148 

1,247 

119 

488 

92 

1,066 

528 

24 

6,876 

2,244 

913 

641 

1,383 

981 

100 

94 

6,981 

1,627 

324 

1,091 

1,294 

323 

2,244 

667 

109 

148 

2,546 

1,331 

76 

51 

192 

140 

122 

1,762 

89 

344 

248 

246 

1,682 

763 

2,907 

34 

465 

162 

1,891 

366 

87 

106 

227 

1,316 

4,420 

266 

34 

1,499 

301 

1,452 

126 

482 

208 

80 

122 

761 

19« 

S3 

1,196 

231 

849 

460 

SI 

987 

43 

2,116 

842 

1,309 

8,708 

968 

409 

2,488 

893 

S89 


1  SInM  1870,  aiM  rednced. 


378 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUKNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Bepublio tp. 

Bepublio ~.p.h. 

Republic .p.tp. 

Bepublic ...p.h. 

Republic «.p.T. 

Republican tp. 

Republican  City  ...p. v. 

Resaca p.T. 

Reserre tp. 

Reserre tp. 

ReserTe tp. 

Retreat p.h. 

Revere p.tp. 

Rexford  Flats p.v. 

Reynolds p.v. 

Reynolds tp. 

Reynolds p.v. 

Reynolds p.v. 

Reynolds tp. 

Reynolds tp. 

Reynoldsburg p.v. 

Reynoldson p.tp 

ReynoldsviUe p.b. 

Rhine p.tp. 

Rhinebeck tp. 

Rhinebeck p.  v. 

Rhinecliff. p.v. 

Rial  to h. 

Rib  Falls p.tp. 

Rice tp. 

Rice tp. 

Rice p.h. 

Rice tp. 

Rice p.h. 

Rice  Lake tp. 

Rice  Lake tp. 

Rice  Lake p.v. 

Rice  land. „ tp. 

Rice's  Landing p.v. 

Riceville p.v. 

Riceville p.b. 

Riceville p.v. 

Rich tp. 

Rich p.tp. 

Rich tp. 

Richardsville p.h. 

Richards  ville p.h, 

Richborough p.v. 

Richburg p.v. 

Richfield tp. 

Richfield p.h. 

Richfield p.tp. 

Richfield P-tp. 

Richfield p.tp. 

Riclifield tp. 

Richfield tp, 

Richfield p.tp. 

Richfield p.v. 

Richfield tp. 

Richfield tp. 

Richfield p.v. 

Richfield  SpriDgB...p.v. 

Richford tp. 

Richford p.v. 

Richford tp. 

Richford p.v. 

Richford tp. 

Bichford „.p.h. 

Rich  Grove tp. 

Rich  Hill p.h. 

Rich  Hill tp. 

Rich  Hill tp. 

Richhill tp. 

Richland p.h. 

Richlaud tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland  1 tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland p.v. 

Richland. tp. 

Richland tp. 


374 


County. 


Clay 

Republic 

Marquette... 

Greene , 

Seneca 

Jefferson , 

Harlau 

Gordon 

Parke 

Ramsey 

Alleghany,... 

Jackson 

Suffolk 

Saratoga 

Taylor 

Lee , 

Rock  Island. 

White , 

Montcalm.... 

Todd 

Franklin , 

Gate8.„ 

Jefferson 

Sheboygan... 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Butler 

Marathon .... 
Jo  Daviess... 

Ringgold 

Cloud 

Sandusky  _.. 

Navarro^ , 

St.  Louis 

Barron , 

Barron 

Freeborn 

Greene 

Mitchell 

Crawford 

McMinn 

Cook 

Anderson 

Lapeer 

Warren 

Jefferson 

Bucks 

Chester. 

Adams 

Adams 

Genesee 

Hennepin.... 

Otsego 

Henry , 

Lucas 

Summit. 

Sevier 

Adams , 

Washington. 
Washington. 

Otsego 

Tioga , 

Tioga , 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waushara.... 
Waushara.... 

Pulaski 

Bates , 

Livingston... 
Muskingum.. 

Greene 

Union 

La  Salle 

Marshall , 

Shelby 

Benton 

De  Kalb , 

Fountain 

Fulton 

Grant 

Greene , 

Jay 

Madison 

Miami 

Monroe  - , 

Bush 

Rush 

Steuben 

Whitley 


Population, 

State. 

1870. 

1880. 

Kan 

856 

1,017 

Kan 

,,, 

50 

Mich..., 

1,787 

81 

715 

Mo 

Ohio„.., 

481 

Ind 

1,126 

1,050 

Neb^.... 

282 

Ga 

191 
1,650 

Ind 

1,387 

Minn... 

429 

490 

Pa 

1,600 

1,786 

Ind 

42 
2,263 

Mass.... 

1,197 

N  Y 

163 
278 
7.43 

Ga 

Ill 

742 

Ill 

192 
370 

Ind 

306 

Mich.... 

457 

1,569 

Minn ... 

470 

Ohio 

457 

375 

N.  C 

988 

1,184 

Pa 

1,410 
1,542 

Wis 

1,672 

N.  r 

3,719 

3,902 

N.  Y 

1,322 

1,569 

N.  Y 

685 
85 

Ohio 

Wis 

674 

Ill 

670 

676 

666 

37 

949 

Kan 

Ohio 

927 

Tex 

63 

Minn... 

36 

63 

Wis  . ... 

454 
362 

Wis 

Minn ... 

633 

783 

Pa. 

116 
191 

Iowa.,,. 

Pa 

301 

314 

Tenn ... 

285 

Ill 

1,539 

1,702 

Kan 

1,139 
881 

Mich.... 

499 

Kv 

77 

Pa. 

83 

177 

121 

1,372 

Pa. 

S  0 

Ill 

1,496 

Ill 

79 
1,571 

Mich.  .. 

1,421 

Minn... 

930 

1,501 

N.  Y..... 

1,831 

2,515 

Ohio 

396 

857 

Ohio .... 

822 

1,070 

Ohio 

1,018 

1,253 

Utah.... 

1,197 

Wis 

266 

308 

Wis 

1,664 

1,708 

Wis...... 

137 

N.  Y„... 

696 

1,307 

N,  Y 

1,434 

1,477 

N.  Y-,.. 

317 

Vt 

1,481 

1,818 

Vt 

789 
449 

Wis 

428 

Wis 

50 
492 

Ind 

315 

Mo 

36 

•  1,027 

Mo 

Ohio..... 

1,404 

1,404 

Pa 

2,470 

2,795 

Dakota 

38 

778 

Ill_ 

730 

Ill 

920 

807 

Ill 

1,053 

1,140 

Ind 

546 

1,151 

Ind 

1,825 

1,350 

Ind 

1,759 

1,913 

Ind 

1,314 

1,329 

Ind 

1,065 

1,028 

Ind 

2,143 

2,563 

Ind 

1,342 

2,036 

Ind 

1,065 

985 

Ind 

1,600 

1,672 

Ind 

1,486 

1,610 

Ind 

917 

941 

Ind 

119 
742 

Ind 

653 

Ind 

1,723 

1,917 

Place. 


Richland  _ tp, 

Richland- tp, 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp, 

Richland  „ tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland- tp. 

Richlaud tp. 

Richland  > tp, 

Richland tp. 

Richland p.v. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland  ~ tp, 

Richland tp, 

Richland tp, 

Richland- tp, 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp, 

Richland- tp. 

Richland  - tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland p.v, 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland p.tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland »p.v, 

Richland  tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richlaud tp. 

Richland p.tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland ; tp, 

Richlaud tp, 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp, 

Richland „tp. 

Richland tp, 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp, 

Richland tp, 

Richland v, 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland tp. 

Richland  Centre  ...p.v. 

Richland  Grove tp. 

Richlands p.tp. 

Richland  Station. ..p.v. 

Richlandtown p.v. 

Richman tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.r. 

Richmond c. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.b, 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond p.tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.tp. 


County. 


Adair „., 

Carroll 

Chickasaw.... 

Decatur 

Delaware-.., 
Dickinson-.. 

Franklin 

Gnthrie 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Lyon 

Mahaska 

Sac „.. 

Story  

Tama. 

Wapello 

Warren 

Butler 

Cowley 

Harvey 

Jewell c 

Labette- 

Miami 

Republic 

Kalamazoo - 
Kalamazoo.. 
Missaukee... 
Montcalm  .„ 

Ogemaw 

Saginaw 

Rice 

Barton , 

Douglas 

Gasconade ... 

Macon 

Morgan 

Ozark 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Scott 

Stoddard 

Vernon 

Oswego 

Beaufort 

Randolph  „.. 

Allen , 

Belmont , 

Clinton 

Darke 

Defiance , 

Fairfield , 

Guernsey 

Holmes 

Logan 

Logan 

Marion.^ 

Vinton 

Wyandot 

Alleghany.... 

Bucks 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Venango 

Barnwell 

Richland 

Richland 

Mercer 

Onslow 

Lebanon 

Bucks 

Wayne 

Little  River.. 

McHenry 

McHenry 

Wayne 

Washington- 
Franklin 

Franklin 

Nemaha 

Madison 

Sagadahoc... 
Sagadahoc,,,, 

Berkshire 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Marquette,,.. 

Osceola 

Winona 


State. 


Iowa..,. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa  ,.. 

Iowa.,, 

Iowa... 

Iowa,.. 

Iowa... 

Iowa.,,. 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa... 

Iowa.  „ 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.,,, 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kau. 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.,,. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mich  ... 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  0-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

N.  C 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mass 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


292 


666 
849 
S74 


218 

1,141 

749 

794 

1,686 


1,661 


1,461 
1,381 


97 


1,744 
844 


1,381 


88 


466 
773 


1,099 

1,180 

1,786 

635 


720 
1,080 

438 

647 
3,976 
2,097 

713 
2,139 
4,170 
1,854 
1,106 
1,194 
1,517 
1,404 
1,242 
1,401 


1,146 
1,814 
1,271 

707 
2,111 

868 
1,015 
1,023 

987 
1,672 


1,444 
2,133 


374 
'i',404 
'9,4« 


2,163 
1,629 
2,442 


1,091 
2,181 


663 

219 


t  In  1875,  part  to  Keyaer. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pl4C«. 


Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.r. 

Richmond tp. 

Richinoud p.b. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond pJi. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.r. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond h. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond c. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.tp 

Riclimond  City...... v. 

Richmond  Corners. v. 

Richmond  Dale p.T. 

Richmondville tp. 

Richmondville p.T. 

Rich  Pond  Grove. ..p.v. 

Rich  Square tp. 

Ricli  Square p.h. 

Rich  Valley tp. 

Rich  View p.v. 

Richrille p.T. 

Richville.. t. 

Richrille p.T. 

Rich  wood tp. 

Richwood tp. 

Rich  wood p.h. 

Richwood tp. 

Richwood p.T. 

Richwood p.T. 

Richwood tp. 

Richwooda tp. 

Rich  woods tp. 

lilchwooda tp. 

Richwooda p.tp. 

Ricks tp. 

Rico p.v. 

Biddervold tp. 

Riddle's  Banka v. 

Biddleaburg p.T. 

Riddle  vllle p.T. 

Ridenhour'a tp. 

Rider'a  Mills p.h. 

Ridge tp. 

Ridge. ....tp. 

Ridge tp. 

BIdge tp. 

Ridge tp. 

Ridge tp. 

Rldgebury p.tp, 

Ridge  Farm p.T. 

Kldgefield tp. 

Ridgefleld p.T. 

Rldgefleld p.T. 

Ridgefleld tp. 

Rldgefleld p.T. 

Ridgefleld tp, 

Ridgefleld  Park p.h. 

Bidgeland tp. 

Ridgeley p.h. 

Ridgely p.h. 

Ridgely tp. 

Ridgeport. h. 

Ridge  Prairie p.h. 

Ridge  Spring t. 

Bldgevlew h. 

Ridgeville p.T. 

Ridgeville t. 

Ridgeville tp. 

Ridgeville. tp. 

Ridgeville p.h, 

RMgeville p.T. 

Ridgeville tp. 

Ridge  way p.tp. 

Ridge  way p.tp, 

Rldgeway tp. 

Ridgeway p.T. 

Rldgeway p.v. 

Rldgeway p.tp. 

Eidgewopd p.tp, 

Rldgway p.T. 

Ridgway tp. 


County. 


Howard- 

Ray ~ 

Ray , 

Cheshire 

Cltesblre 

Ontario , 

Richmond 

Ashtabula. 

Huron 

Jefferson 

Berka 

Crawford 

Indiana 

Tioga 

Washington.... 

Fort  Bend 

Cache 

Chittenden 

Chittenden 

Henrico 

Shawano.. 

Walworth 

Spencer 

Cheshire 

Ross 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Warren 

Northampton.. 
Northampton.. 

McLeod„ 

Washington.... 
St.  Lawrence... 

Morgan  « 

Addison 

Peoria 

Becker 

Becker 

McDonald 

Union 

Dodge 

Richland 

Calhoun 

Jersey 

Miller 

Washington.... 

Christian 

Dolores 

Polk 

New  Castle 

Bedford. 

Washington.... 

Stanley 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Shelby 

Dickinson 

Van  Wert 

Wyandot 

Williamsburg., 

Bradford 

Vermilion 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

McHenry 

Bergen 

Bergen 

Huron 

Bergen 

Iroquois. 

Platte 

Caroline 

Nicollet 

Boone 

Saline 

Edgefield 

Miami 

Randolph 

Carroll 

Henry 

Lorain 

Warren 

Colleton 

Monroe 

Osage 

Lenawee 

Orleans 

Orleans.- 

Hardin 

Iowa 

Bergen 

Gallatin 

Elk 


State. 


Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H.,., 
N.H... 
N,  Y.,., 
N.  Y..., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio,.., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I.... 
Tex.... 
Utah.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Ind...., 
N.  H.. 
Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y..... 

Ky 

N.O 

N.  C 

Minn ... 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Utah..,. 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Col 

Minn ... 

Del 

Pa 

Ga 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.C 

Pa 

Ill 

Conn.,.. 
Conn.... 

Ill 

N.  J 

N.J 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Ill 

Mo 

Md 

Minn,,. 
Iowa,... 

Mo 

S.  0 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.,. 

S.  C 

Wis,-... 
Kan ..... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio,... 

Wto 

N.  J_„, 

111 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


2,988 
6,581 
1,218 


1,622 


883 

880 

405 

2,874 

1,399 


1,558 

2,064 

816 

817 

1.309 


51,038 

539 

1,017 


2,307 


3,133 


627 


833 
436 


1,378 
1,111 


1,361 
760 
414 


656 


1,056 
1,139 


1,406 

684 

1,426 

1,476 


1,919 


2,533 


716 


764 
1,477 


829 
1,141 

992 
6,096 

118 

177 
2,489 


800 


3,606 

6,008 

1,424 

669 

37 

1,772 

88 

1,011 

1,014 

491 

2,226 

1,490 

93 

1,612 

1,949 

1,156 

1,198 

1,264 

521 

63,6(X) 

706 

882 

286 

143 

234 

2,082 

653 

146 

3,619 

63 

991 

569 

339 

128 

106 

1,282 

439 

45 

809 

1,317 

118 

1,515 

1,193 

1,147 

2,283 

1,127 

1,606 

894 

200 

392 

222 

195 

875 

62 

1,396 

1,013 

406 

1,587 

639 

2,001 

1,489 

237 

2,028 

1,685 

107 

3,952 

221 

2,359 

77 

805 

84 

81 

348 

76 

48 

328 

45 

775 

104 

1,119 

1,660 

74 

2.50 

1,288 

2,696 

1,167 

6,495 

119 

342 

2,348 

1,478 

174 

1,480 


Plac«. 


Rldgway 

Ridley , 

Ridley  Park 

Ridott 

Ridott 

Rlegolsvllle 

Rlenzl „. 

Rietbrock , 

Riga 

Riga. 

Riga 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley  Centre 

Riley's  Station... 

Rimer 

Rlmersburg 

Rindge 

Ringgold. 

Ringgold 

Ringgold: 

Ringgold 

Ringgold 

Ringgold 

Ringoes 

Ring's  Island 

Ringwood 

Rio 

Rio 

Rio 

Rio  Grande 

Rio  Vista 

Rio  Vista 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Ripley  Landing.. 

Ripon 

Rlpon 

Rlppey 

Rippon 

Rippy's 

Ripton  - 

Rising  Fawn 

Riaing  Sun 

Rising  Sun.- 

Rising  Sun.- 

Rising  Sun , 

Risiugville 

Rlsley 

Rltter 

River 

Rlrer 

RlTer 

River  Bend 

RlTerdale 

Riverdale 

Riverdale 

RlTerdale 

RiTer  Falls. 

RiTor  Falls 

RiTer  Forest 

Rlverhead 

Rlverhead 

River  Junction... 

River  Point 

Riverside 

Riverside 

Riverside 

RlTerside- 

Riverside 

RlTerside 

RlTerside- 

RlTerside 

BiTerside- 

Riverside 

Riverside 


-p.b. 
..tp. 

..p.T. 

.,tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..P,T, 

..tp, 

..tp. 

...p.v. 

..p.tp 

..tp. 

..p.tp. 

,.tp. 

..p.tp 

,  tp. 

,.tp. 

..tp. 

..p.h. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..p.b. 

..p.tp 

„p,v. 

,.p.h, 
...p.T. 
..p.h. 
,.p.h. 
,.p.tp, 

..p.v, 
..v. 

..p.T. 
...tp, 
...p.T. 
...p.T, 
..p.T. 
..tp. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

..tp, 

,.tp. 

...tp, 

...p.h, 

...tp, 

..p.T, 

...p.tp, 

,.,p.T. 

..tp, 

,..tp. 

.,.p.T. 

,..p.T. 

..tp, 

.,C, 

...p.T. 

..p.h. 

..tp. 

...p.tp. 

-p.T. 

...p.T 

.,.p.T, 

,..p.T, 

...p.h. 

...p.h. 

..tp. 

,.,tp, 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 


.,T, 

..p.T. 

.tp. 

,tp, 

,p.T. 


„tp, 

..p.T. 

..p.h. 

..p.T, 

,.tp. 

..p.T. 

..T, 

..tp. 

,.tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T, 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 


County. 


State. 


Elk 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Stephenson ..... 

Stephenson 

Bucks 

Alcorn 

Marathon- 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Monroe- 

McHenry 

Vigo 

Ringgold 

Clinton 

St.  Clair 

Putnam 

Sandusky,- 

Riley 

Marion 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Cheshire 

Catoosa 

Ringgold 

Bienville 

Washington-,. 

Morgan -., 

Jefferson 

Hunterdon 

Essex 

Halifax.. 

Knox 

Knox 

Columbia-. 

Cape  May , 

Solano 

Solano 

Brown 

Brown 

Montgomery  „ 

Rush 

Butler 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Dodge , 

Tippah 

Chautauqua-.. 

Brown 

Holmes 

Hnron 

Laudenilale 

Jackson 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Fond  du  Lac- 
Greene 

Jefferson 

Cleveland.- 

Addison 

Dade 

Ohio 

Cecil 

Wood 

Crawford 

Steuben 

Marion 

Moore 

Cleveland  - 

Jacksou 

Warren 

Gaston 

Cook 

Worce-ster, , 

Gratiot 

Watonwan 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Cook , 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Johnson- 

Kent 

Cook 

Cook 

Clinton— 

Fremont 

Lyon 

Washington-.. 

Franklin 

MlsKDukee 

Lac  Qui  Parle . 

Burlington 

Hamilton 


Popalation. 


187a    ino. 


Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Ill 

111. 

Pa- , 

Mlsa..,. 

Wis 

Mich.., 
Mich,,.. 
N.  Y-., 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa,,, 
Mich... 
Mich,,. 
Ohio.,,, 
Ohio-., 
Kan.,.. 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

N,H-.. 

Ga, 

Iowa..., 

La 

Md 

Ohio..,. 

Pa 

N.  J 

Maa... 
N,  0..... 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

N.  J 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,., 

Me 

Me 

Minn,.., 

Mias 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..,,, 
Tenn,.., 
W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa..,. 

W.Va-. 

N.O- 

Vt.... 

Ga.,.. 

Ind,, 

Md.. 

Ohio, 

Wis  . 

N.Y. 

Kan,, 

N.  C„ 

N.  C, 

N.O- 

N.O.. 

N.  0., 

HI-.. 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn  „. 

Wis 

Wis,,.,, 

Ill 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y_.. 
Iowa.., 

R.I 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa..,, 
Iowa..,. 
Iowa.... 
Mass... 
Mich.,,, 
Minn ,., 
N.  J.-.. 
Ohio 


1,142 


1^0 


2,171 

882 

1,492 


1,139 
1,664 
1,084 
1,461 


324 

1,107 

316 


166 

79 

1,006 


1,133 


693 


1,433 

1,841 

299 

684 


294 

422 

1,946 

2,323 

1,101 

1,089 

632 

226 

4,119 

2,976 


1,222 
617 


1,760 
277 


1,624 
471 

T,66b 
2,248 


269 

1,217 

741 


3,461 


1400 

iji33 

439 

2/)ll 

213 

308 

316 

409 

2,320 

213 

2,221 

864 

1,632 

404 

1,601 

2,002 

1,484 

1,621 

93 

143 

127 

334 

934 

436 

14 

133 

199 

80 

1,078 

298 

207 

137 

1428 

188 

230 

241 

1,232 

66« 

632 

418 

1,349 

1,98« 

463 

660 

04 

384 

637 

1,990 

2,54« 

1,369 

1,038 

363 

426 

4,274 

3,117 

192 

6S 

1,665 

672 

827 

1,806 

314 

344 

63 

34 

698 

1,761 

602 

367 

1,417 

2,689 

460 

230 

144 

301 

2,616 

1,499 

162 

3,938 

1,767 

25 

585 

498 

460 

523 

960 

128 

412 

158 

810 

777 

1,268 


875 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUc«. 


Urenide »......p.b. 

lUTerside p.b. 

Rlverton p.v. 

Blyerton p.y. 

Birerton tp. 

Eivertoa tp. 

Birerton tp. 

BiTertoD p.T. 

Birerton h. 

Biverton p.tp. 

Birerton .p.T. 

Birerton p.T. 

Birer  View p.h. 

Bires tp. 

Aires p.T. 

BireNriUe p.T. 

Biroli.... tp. 

Blxford p.T. 

BlxB  Mills p.T. 

Blxrille h. 

Boachrille p.b. 

Boadstown ...._p.h. 

Boanu p.r. 

Roanoke -.p.r. 

Boanoke _.tp. 

Boauoke -.p.r. 

Boanoke -.p.T. 

Boanoke -.p.r. 

Boanoke >. h. 

Boanoke tp. 

Boaring  Brook tp. 

Boaring  Creek tp. 

Boaring  Biver p.tp. 

Boaring  Spring p.r. 

Boark tp. 

Bobb tp. 

BobbiuBton p.tp. 

Bobbinsrille p.h, 

BobbiuBville p.h. 

Bobersonville tp. 

Bobersonrille p.r. 

Boberts p.r. 

Boberts tp. 

Boberts tp. 

Bobertij h. 

Bobertsdale p.r. 

Robertaville p.r. 

Bobeaon tp. 

Bobesonia r. 

BobesouiaFuruaces.p.r. 

Bobideaux tp. 

Bobiusou tp. 

Bobinson p.r. 

Bobinson tp. 

Robinson tp. 

Robinson p.r. 

Robinson ..^.....p.tp. 

Robinson  > tp. 

Robinson  • tp. 

Robinson tp. 

Robinson's r. 

Robinson  Spring ...r. 

Bobinsonrille p.h. 

Bob  Boy „ p.ta. 

Boby's  Corner p.r. 

Boca -p.T. 

Bochdale p.r. 

Bochdale ^—r. 

Bochelle p.T. 

Bocheport p.r. 

Bochester tp. 

Rochester p.r. 

Bochester h. 

Bochester......... . . .  .tp. 

Bochester p.r. 

Bochester h. 

Bochester p.tp. 

Bochester «...p.r. 

Rocliester p.tp. 

Bocli  eater p.r. 

Rochester x. 

Rochester tp. 

Rochester* tp. 

Rochester p.r. 

Bochester _ tp. 

Rochester p.r. 

Rochester c. 

Rochester tp. 

Rochester....... .tp. 

Rochester....... r. 

Bochester p.b. 


County. 


Northumberland 

Proridence , 

Litchfield 

Sangamon >... 

Clay 

Floyd- , 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Greennp. 

Mason 

Franklin , 

Burlington 

Fayette , 

Jackson 

Obion - 

Marion 

Mercer 

McKeau , 

Muskingum 

Colusa 

Putnam 

Cumberland 

Wabash 

Bandolph  « „.. 

Woodford , 

Woodford , 

Hunting^n 

Howard 

Bandolph 

Northampton , 

Lackawanna 

Columbia 

Barry 

Blair 

Gasconade 

Posey 

Washington- 

Mercer 

Graham- 

Martin 

Martin 

Ford 

Marshall 

Hampton 

St.  Croix 

Huntingdon 

Stark 

Berks „., 

Berks 

Berks 

Pulaski 

Crawford.: 

Crawford 

Posey- 

Brown 

Brown 

Ottawa 

Greene 

Alleghany 

Washington 

Schuylkill 

Elmore 

Bedford 

Fountain 

Merriniac- 

Lancaster 

Worcester 

Dutchess 

Ogle „ 

Boone 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Wabash 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Noble 

Cedar. 

Butler. 

Plymouth- 

OtJ^land. 

Olmsted 

Olmsted- 

Andrew- 

Andrew 

Strafford 

Strafford 

Monroe 

Ulster 

Lorain 

Warren 

Bearer 


State. 


Pa...... 

K.I.... 

Conn . 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..< 
Iowa.. 

Ky 

Mich.. 
Neb.-. 
N.J.-. 
W.Va. 
Mich.. 
Tenn . 
W.  Va- 
in  

Pa. 

Ohio-.. 

Cal 

Ind 

N.  J 

Ind 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

Ind..... 

Me 

N.J-.. 
N.  0-.. 
N.  C-.. 
N.  0-.. 

Ill- 

Ill 

S.  0 

Wis 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

111 

III- 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Ala 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  H.... 

Neb 

Mass.... 

N.  Y 

111- 

Mo 

IlL 

III- 

Ill- 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H 

N.H 

N.  Y...„ 
N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      188a 


963 


1,346 


63 
1,298 


627 
220 


1,778 


486 
667 


3,033 

1,781 

926 


2,458 


677 
1,851 


1,683 


406 
2,419 
2,275 

937 


823 
1,440 


3,726 
1,528 


797 

228 

1.024 


3,953 

691 

2,672 


4,103 


62,386 

4,088 

691 

156 

2,091 


336 

74 

335 

706 

877 

969 

1,069 

497 

88 

681 

426 

686 

26 

1,338 

180 

136 

1,407 

1,127 

102 

62 

86 

71 

350 

327 

1,403 

355 

597 

216 

55 

2,276 
760 
653 
702 
489 

3,165 

1,778 
910 
83 
47 

1,348 
148 
228 

1,017 

2,639 

86 

694 

152 

2,322 
284 
166 
768 

2,874 

1,380 

1,733 

1,145 
210 
439 

1,299 

1,170 

1,798 
168 
109 
21 
46 
113 
115 
360 
129 

1,893 
728 

1,318 

307 

69 

4,448 

1,869 

55 

693 

189 

1,043 
996 

5,103 
612 

2,039 
212 

6,784 

4,683 
89,366 

4,109 
733 
116 

2,552 


Place. 


Bochester .....tp. 

Rochester tp. 

Bochester p.r. 

Bochester ......tp. 

Bochester p.r. 

Bochester  Depot  ...p.T. 

Bochford p.r. 

Bock...... tp. 

Bock ......tp. 

Bock „ -tp. 

Bock >.. ....-tp. 

Bock ....-tp. 

Bock ......tp. 

Rock ....-tp. 

Bock tp. 

Bock ......tp. 

Bock ......tp. 

Bockaway tp. 

Rockaway p.T. 

Bock  Bluff. p.T. 

Bock  Branch tp. 

Bockbridge p.T. 

Bockbridge p.r. 

Bockbridge tp. 

Bockbridge p.h. 

Bock  Castle p.h. 

Bock  City ~.....p.r. 

Bock  City p.h. 

Bock  City  Falls...-p.r, 

Bock  Creek p.tp. 

Bock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Bock  Creek tp. 

Bock  Creek p.tp. 

Bock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek .....p.tp, 

Rock  Creek .-...tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek -...tp. 

Rock  Creek p.tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek p.r. 

Rock  Creek .....tp. 

Rock  Creek .....p.h. 

Rockdale -p.h. 

Rockdale -r. 

Rockdale tp. 

Rockdale r. 

Rockdale -p.r. 

Bock  Dell p.tp. 

Bock  Elm .«tp. 

Bock  Elm  Centre-,  p.h. 

Bocker ....h. 

Bockerrille p.r. 

Bock  Falls p.r. 

Bock  Falls p.T. 

Bock  Falls pJi. 

Bock  Falls „..tp. 

Bockfeller......„....tp. 

Bockfield p.r. 

Bockfleld p.r. 

Bockfish -.tp. 

Bockfish ..._. _.T. 

Bock  fish  ............—p.tp. 

Bockford ..-c. 

Bockford .....tp. 

Bockford „ p.r. 

Bockford h. 

Bockford -tp. 

Bockford p.r. 

Bockford tp. 

Bockford tp. 

Bockford —p.r. 

Bockford -tp. 

Bockford —p.r. 

Bockford ......tp. 

Bockford p.tp. 

Bockford..............p.r. 

Bockford p.h. 

Bock  Grore .....p.tp. 

Bock  Grore -..tp. 

Bock  Hall p.r. 

Bock  Haren «.p.h. 

Bock  Hill „....tp. 

Rock  Hill p.h. 

Bock  Hill p.r. 


Coan^. 


Bearer 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Baciue 

Bacine , 

Lorain 

Pennington- 

Cherokee.- 

Lyon 

Mitchell 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

Marshall 

Pipe  Stone 

Jefferson 

Bock 

Wood 

Morris 

Morris 

Cass. 

Norton..'. 

Greene 

Monroe- 

Bichland 

Bichland 

Trigg 

Stephenson 

Dutchess 

Saratoga 

Carroll 

Hancock 

Bartholomew 

Carroll , 

Huntington 

Wells 

Jasper 

Butler 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Jefferson 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie 

Wabaunsee 

Pine 

Guilford 

Wilkes 

Ashtabula 

Dunn 

Albany.- 

Dubuque 

Worcester.......... 

Crawford 

Delaware-. 

Milam 

Olmsted- 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Deer  Lodge- 

Pennington 

Whiteside 

Cerro  Gordo- 

Dunn- 

Lincoln- 

Northumberland. 

Carroll 

Warren 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Duplin 

Winnebago  -. 

Winnebago.- 

Jackson 

Wells 

Floyd - 

Floyd 

Pottawattamie.... 

Sedgwick 

Kent 

Wright.- 

Wright.- 

Caldwell 

Surry - 

Blount 

Harrison 

Stephenson 

Floyd. 

Kent 

Meade 

Bucks 

Lancaster 

York 


State. 


Pa 

Vt- 

Vt-....- 

WiB. 

Wis 

Ohio 

Dakota. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Wis. 

Wis. 

N.  J 

N.  J  _... 
Neb-.... 
Kan- ... 

Ill 

Ky 

Wis .-... 

Wis 

Ky 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

luwa..- 
Kan-... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 
Kan... 
Kan-.. 
Minn.. 
N.  C— 
N.  C-. 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Wyom 
Iowa... 
Mass... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

Minn... 
Wis. 

Wis 

Mon 

Dakota 

111- 

Iowa.... 

Wis. 

Wta 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ky...... 

N.  C 

N.  0-.„ 

N.  0 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 
Mich.... 
Minn-. 
Minn  .- 

Mo 

N.  C 

Tenn  ... 
W.  Va- 

111- 

Iowa..- 

Md 

Ky 

Pa. 

Pa- 

a  C 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


620 
1,444 


870 


474 


2,896 
1,062 


6,445 


994 


80 


2,066 
1,201 
1,203 
1,316 
1,639 
1,326 
480 


160 
441 

740 


1,082 
960 
491 
267 


1,664 


837 
664 


471 


289 


2,982 


1,380 

11,049 

1,383 


732 

'623 
197 

682 
782 

"sfo 

890 


1,096 
1,289 


3,363 


1  In  1873,  part  to  Franklin. 
876 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Rockingham tp. 

Bockiiigbam p.tp. 

Rockingham p.tp. 

Rock  Island c. 

Rock  Ii<ike _p.tp, 

Rockland p.T. 

Rockland p.h. 

Rockland c. 

Rockland p.tp, 

Rockland p.tp, 

Rockland p.tp, 

Rockland tp. 

Rockland p.tp. 

Rockland p.v. 

Rockland tp. 

Rockland tp. 

Rockland  Ijake p.T. 

Rockland  Mills h. 

Rocklin p.T. 

Rockmart p.T. 

Rock  Mills p.tp, 

Rockport p.T. 

Kockport p.T, 

Rockport p.T. 

Rockport p.T. 

Rockport p.tp. 

Rockport p.T. 

Rockport p.tp, 

Rockport p.T. 

Rockport p.T. 

Rock  Pruirlo tp. 

Rock  Prairie h. 

Rock  Run tp. 

Rock  Run t. 

Rock  Springs _p.T. 

RocksylTania ..h. 

Rockton tp. 

Rockton p.T. 

Rockton p.T. 

Rockton p.h. 

Rocktown T. 

RockTale tp. 

Rock  Valley p.T. 

Rockville p.T. 

Rockville p.tp, 

Rockville p.T. 

Rockville p.h. 

Rockville p.T. 

Rockville p.tp, 

Rockville tp. 

Rockville p.T. 

Rockville h. 

Rockville t. 

Rockville p.h. 

Rockville t. 

Rockville- h. 

Rockville- p.T. 

Rockville p.T. 

Rockville h. 

Rockville  Centre. ..p.T. 


..p.T. 
..p.T. 
.p.h. 

..p.T. 
.p.T. 

..p.v. 
.p.v. 

.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.h. 


Rockwall . 

Rockwell 

Rockwell  City... 

Rock  wood 

Rock  wood 

Bockwood 

Eockwood 

Rocky  Brook 

Rocky  Comfort.. 
Rocky  Comfort.. 

Rocky  Ford 

Rocky  Fork tp. 

Rocky  Grove tp. 

Rocky  Hill tp. 

Rocky  Hill p.T. 

Rocky  Hill p.v. 

Rocky  Mount tp. 

Rocky  Mount p.v. 

Rocky  Mount, tp. 

Rocky  Mount p.v. 

Rocky  Point p.T. 

Rocky  Point p.tp. 

Rocky  Point V. 

Bocky  River tp. 

Rocky  Run tp. 

Rocky  Spring p.h. 

Rocky  Spring tp. 

Rocky  Springs tp. 

Rodgersville h. 

Rodman tp. 

Rodman p.v. 


County. 


Scott 

Richmond 

Windham 

Rock  Island... 

Lyon 

New  Castle.... 

Lake- 

Knox 

Plymouth 

Ontonagon 

Sullivan 

Berks 

Venango 

Providence.... 

Brown 

Manitowoc... 

Rockland 

Hillsborough. 

Placer 

Polk 

Anderson 

Pike 

Spencer 

Ohio 

Knox 

Essex 

Atchison 

Cuyahoga 

Carbon 

Wood 

Dade 

Dade 

Stephenson.... 

Chester 

Sweetwater.... 

Hardin 

Winnebago.... 
Winnebago.... 

Clearfield. 

Vernon 

Schuylkill 

Ogle 

Sioux 

Tolland 

Kankakee-.... 

Parke 

Delaware 

Montgomery.. 

Stearns 

Bates 

Bates.- 

Adams , 

Muskingum... 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Charleston.... 

Kane 

Grant 

Manitowoc — 

Queens 

Rockwall 

Cerro  Gordo.-. 

Calhoun 

Randolph , 

Fulton 

Somerset , 

Koane 

Washington-., 
Little  River-., 

McDonald 

Bent , 

Boone , 

Aiken 

Hartford 

Hartford , 

Somerset 

Edgecombe 

Edgecombe 

Nash , 

Franklin 

Suffolk 

Pender 

Monroe 

Cabarrus 

Hancock 

Clallx)rne 

Montgomery... 

Aiken 

Madison 

.Jefferson 

Jefferson 


State. 


Iowa. .., 

N.C 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn  .. 

Del 

Ill 

Me 

Mass..., 
3Iicli... 
N.  Y„.. 

Pa 

Pa 

B.I 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 

N.  H 

Cal 

Ga 

8.  0 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Me , 

Mass... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa. 

W.  Va.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Pa. 

Wyom. 
Iowa. .., 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa. .. 
Conn..., 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa. .., 

Md 

Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa , 

S.O 

Utah..., 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 

Tex 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa. ... 

Ill 

K.  Y 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

R.  I. 

Ark. 

Mo 

Ool 

Mo 

S.O 

Conn..., 
Conn.... 

N.  J 

N.  C 

N.  0 

N.  0. 

Va 

N.  Y-... 
N.  0.-... 
W.Va.- 

N.  0 

Ill 

Hiss 

N.  0 

S.C 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


280 
1,456 
2,854 
7,890 


7,074 


1,479 
1,946 
1,451 
2,068 


753 
889 
610 

'642 

*87i 


1,720 
173 


3,904 

490 

2,001 


2,242 
'i*827 


767 


1,112 
1,187 


660 
403 


1,870 


2,168 


1,621 
666 


320 
468 


1,604 


2,482 

3,797 

11,659 

248 

393 

6 

7,599 

4,653 
887 

2,481 

1,527 

1,977 
382 
803 

1,234 

441 

85 

624 

450 

1,293 
204 

2,382 
399 
924 

3,912 
715 

2,676 
121 
126 

1,097 
36 

2,202 

755 

763 

57 

1,687 
949 
100 
39 
207 
846 
100 

6,902 

1,076 

1,684 

23 

688 

660 

947 

316 

35 

109 

26 

251 

80 

218 

128 

71 

1,882 
216 
249 
90 
237 
264 
331 

1,011 

447 

222 

121 

47 

2,430 
901 

1,108 
400 
332 

1,850 
662 

1,702 
315 
200 

1,830 
113 

1,.')12 

844 

68 

768 

621 

98 

1,617 
228 


PIac«. 


Rodmau  Furnace. ..t. 

Rodney p.T. 

Rogers tp. 

Rogers  „ ....tp. 

Rogers  City p.T. 

Rogers  Park p.T. 

RogersTille. p.h. 

Rogersville t. 

Rogersville p  .T. 

Rogei-sviile p.T. 

Rohnervilie tp. 

Rohnerville p.T. 

Rohrerstown- t. 

Rohrersville p.T. 

Rohrsburg jp.y. 

Roland tp. 

Rolesville p.T. 

Rolla' tp. 

RoUa p.T. 

Holland tp. 

RoUersville p.h. 

Rollin tp. 

RoUin p.h. 

Rolling  Fork p.tp. 

Rolling  Fork p.h. 

Rolling  Green tp. 

Rolling  Prairie p.v. 

Rolling  Prairie tp. 

Rolling  Prairie p.h. 

Rolling  Stone tp. 

Rolling  Stone p.h. 

Rollington t. 

Rollinsford tp. 

BoUinsville p.v. 

Romansville p.h. 

Rome^ c. 

Rome tp. 

Rome T. 

Rome p.h. 

Rome p.T. 

Rome p.T. 

Rome tp. 

Rome p.tp, 

Rome tp. 

Rome p.h. 

Rome tp. 

Rome tp. 

Borne c. 

Rome T. 

Rome p.tp, 

Rome tp. 

Rome b. 

Rome tp. 

Rome T. 

Rome tp. 

Rome p.b, 

Rome tp. 

Rome ....tp. 

Rome p.T, 

Rome  City p.T, 

Romeo -p.T. 

RomeroTille -..t. 

Romine tp. 

Romney p.T, 

Romulus p.tp. 

Romulus- tp. 

Romulus p.T. 

Ronald tp. 

RonceTerte -...p.T. 

Ronkonkoma p.h. 

Rook's  Creek.- tp. 

Root tp. 

Root tp. 

Rootstown p.tp. 

Rosalia- p.tp. 

Roscoe p.tp. 

Roscoe tp. 

Roscoe p.h. 

Roscoe tp. 

Roscoe.- tp. 

Roscoe p.tp. 

Roscoe tp. 

Roscoe p.T. 

Roscoe p.T. 

Roscommon p.tp. 

Rose tp. 

Rose p.tp. 

Rose  - tp. 

Rose  - tp. 

Rose tp. 

Rose - p.T. 


Conntj. 

SUto. 

Population. 

187a 

1880. 

Blair „...- 

Jefferaon ... 

Ford 

Preaqne  Isle....... 

Presque  Isle- 

Cook 

Pa 

MiM.... 

IlL. 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ala 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Tenn-. 

Cal 

Cal 

217 

673 
603 
366 

73a 
776 
476 
826 

667 

629 

61 

175 

Tuscarawas.--.... 
Hawkins 

212 
740 
900 

Humboldt 

600 

Pa 

411 

Washington- 

Columbia.— ....... 

Webster 

Md .. 

104 

Pa 

14« 

Iowa .... 

321 

Wake 

N.  0 

lift 

Phelps 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Ohio 

4,184 

1,364 

210 

2,687 

1,682 

895 

Phelps 

Sandusky. 

99 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn.... 

Miss 

1,516 

"""ill 

1,425 
78 

298 

91 

Minn ... 
Ind 

323 

La  Porte 

427 

Kan 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Ky 

696 

509 

Dodge 

48 

Winona 

808 

Winona. 

68 

Oldham- 

123 

Strafford 

N.  H — 

Col 

Pa. 

1,600 

1,718 
198 

Gilpin 

64 

Floyd 

Qa. 

Ill 

Ill 

2,748 
1,289 

3,877 

1,494 

153 

Ill 

78 

Perry 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich_ 
Mlch  ... 

221 

"*i,067 

726 

1,454 

191 

276 

1,270 

606 

1.369 

98 

Faribault 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
N.  Y..... 
Ohio..... 

396 

"ii.ocib 

606 

Polk 

121 

12,194 

225 

Ohio-... 
Ohio — 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

669 
1,972 

"'2V096 

668 

2,207 

Franklin 

84 

2,512 

Richland 

200 

Bradford 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wig 

1,333 
230 

1,274 
143 

1,045 

Bradford 

236 

1,324 
219 

214 

Noble 

Ind 

Mich.... 
N.  Mex. 

Ill- 

W.  Va-. 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y_... 

351 

440 

1,629 
159 

San  Miguel.- 

893 

482 

1,463 

2,223 

1,000 

371 

1,741 

2,765 

178 

Mich.... 
W.Va-. 

N.  Y 

ni 

Ind 

N.  Y-... 
Ohlo...- 
Kan.-... 

1,363 

1,499 
395 

Suffolk 

94)5 

1,252 
2,492 
1,169 

96 

1,111 
1,270 
2,275 
1,217 
545 

Montgomery 

Butler 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan-.... 

1,135 
670 

938 

Davis 

702 

27 

Kan 

267 

328 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

811 
922 
302 

1,106 

St  Clair 

1,253 

St.  Clair- 

178 

681 

Roscommon 

Shelby 

Mich.... 

Ill- 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y — 

'"1,494 
1,160 

'75b 

2,056 

114 
1,380 

Oakland 

1,168 

282 

877 

Wayne 

8,244 

Wayne 

6M 

25 


^  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


t  ExclusiTe  of  South  Borne,  Foreatrille,  and  D«  Soto. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Rose ».. ».....tp. 

Rose tp. 

Kose tp. 

KoBeboom tp. 

Roseboom » p.v. 

Rose  Bad p.b. 

Roseburg ..h. 

Roseburg p.v. 

Rosecrans p.b. 

Rose  Creek tp. 

Rose  Creek .p.v. 

Rosedale p.b. 

Rusedale p.v. 

Roaedale p.v. 

Rosedale ...p.v. 

Rosedell tp. 

Rosefleld p.tp. 

Rose  Grove p.tp. 

Rose  Hill .p.v. 

Rose  Hill ~p.h. 

Rose  Hill p.tp. 

Rose  Hill tp. 

Rose  Hill p.v. 

Rose  Lake tp. 

Roseland p.v. 

Rosalie p.v. 

Roselle p.tp. 

Roselle p.v. 

Rosemary tp. 

Rosemond tp. 

Rosemoud p.v. 

Rosemonnt tp. 

Rosemount p.v. 

Rosendale tp. 

Rosendale p.v. 

Rosendale p.tp. 

Rosendale p.tp. 

Roseneatb tp. 

Rose  Point p.v. 

Rose's  Bar tp. 

Rosetta p.h. 

Roseville p.v. 

Roseville p.v. 

Roseville tp. 

Roseville p.v. 

Roseville p.h. 

Roseville b. 

Boseville tp. 

Roseville p.tp. 

Boseville p.v. 

Roseville b. 

Roseville .h. 

Roseville ~b. 

Rosewood tp. 

Rosiclalr p.v, 

Rosine p.v. 

Bosita p.v. 

Roslyu p.v. 

Ross tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss p.h. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Bobs tp. 

Ross tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Bosseau p.h. 

Bossie tp. 

Bossie p.v. 

Ross  Landing „v. 

Bossman's  Mills.... h. 

Ross  ton p.v. 

Ross  town h. 

Rossville ~p.v. 

Rossville p.v. 

Rossville tp. 

Rossville p.v. 

Rossville p.v. 

Bossville V. 

BossviUe p.b. 


County. 


Carroll 

Jefferson 

Waushara 

Otsego 

Otsego 

White 

Union 

Douglas.. 

Lake 

Republic...... 

Mower 

Jersey 

Parke „. 

Wyandotte... 

Iberville 

Rock 

Peoria. 

Hamilton .. 

Mahaska 

Mercer 

Cottonwood... 

Johnson 

Darke 

Osceola 

Cook 

Da  Page 

Carroll 

Union 

Barnwell 

Christian 

Christian 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Watonwan... 

Andrew 

Ulster , 

Fond  du  Lac . 

Halifax 

Lawrence 

Yuba , 

Breckenridge. 

Logan 

Placer , 

Warren 

Warren  » , 

Barren 

Hancock 

Grant 

Kandiyohi..... 
Muskingum... 

Perry 

Montgomery. 

Tioga 

Chippewa 

Hardin 

Ohio 

Custer 

Queens 

Edgar 

Pike 

Vermilion..... 

Clinton 

Lake 

Lake 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Taylor 

Cherokee 

Osborne 

Kalamazoo... 

Butler. 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Wood 

Alleghany.... 

Luzerne 

Monroe 

Morgan 

St.  Lawrence 
St.  Lawrence. 

Marin 

Columbia 

Cooke 

Nevada. 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Richmond 

Miami 

York 


State. 


Ohio- 
Pa..... 
Wis.- 
N.  Y.., 
N.  Y.. 
Ark._ 
Ind... 
Oregon. 

Ill 

Kan 

Minn... 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

La 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Ky 

Minn  ... 

Mo :. 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
N.  J„... 

S.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.  C 

Pa 

Cal 

Ky 

Ark 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Ky 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ky 

Col 

N.  Y„... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,106 

1,058 

397 

1,689 


1,108 

68 


1,439 


618 
1,107 


681 


3,625 
1,298 


1,191 
*i',163 


426 


731 


1,738 
1,741 
1,625 


1,314 
531 
449 


1,397 

1,705 

1,076 

686 


1,623 

990 

734 

49 

1,661 


1,195 

1,601 

464 

1,615 

168 

38 

42 

822 

49 

1,386 

,144 

38 

207 

962 

126 

196 

1,220 

267 

199 

88 

123 

1,653 

113 

470 

772 

193 

821 

737 

853 

1,274 

240 

848 

116 

211 

128 

4,724 

1,193 

1,452 

245 

1,496 

63 

215 

258 

1,708 

804 

63 

69 

194 

286 

631 

96 

70 

185 

448 

368 

146 

1,008 

1,101 

1,306 

333 

2,654 

1,870 

1,584 

46 

624 

1,280 

738 

1,071 

1,119 

1,617 

1,693 

1,335 

741 

639 

1,976 

1,053 

710 

50 

1,709 

136 

252 

88 

114 

57 

768 

471 

1,466 

323 

577 

206 

74 


Place. 


Rossville p.tp. 

Rossville —p.v. 

Rostraver p.tp. 

Boswell p.v, 

Rothrocksville v. 

Rothsville p.v 

Rotterdam tp. 

Ro'ubidoux p.tp. 

Rough  and  Ready..p.tp 

Roulet p.tp. 

Round  Grove tp. 

Round  Grove p.h. 

Round  Grove p.tp. 

Round  Grove tp. 

Round  Grove p.v. 

Round  Grove tp. 

Round  Grove tp. 

Roundhead tp. 

Roundhead p.v. 

Round  Lake p.tp. 

Round  Mound p.tp. 

Round  Prairie tp. 

Round  Prairie tp. 

Bound  Prairie tp. 

Round  Rock p.v. 

Round  Springs tp. 

Bound  Valley tp. 

Round  Valley h. 

Roundtree tp. 

Rouse's  Point -p.v. 

RouseTlUe p.v. 

Rowe p.tp, 

Rowell tp. 

Roweeville p.v. 

Bowes  ville h. 

Rowland  Mills p.h. 

Ro  wlan  ds  ville p.v , 

Rowlesburg p.v, 

Rowlett's p.v. 

Rowley p.h. 

Rowley p.tp 

Rows p.v. 

Rowvllle V. 

Bowzersville p.v. 

Roxabel p.v, 

Roxana p.v. 

Roxana p.tp. 

Roxborough tp, 

Roxborough p.v, 

Roxbury „.,.p.tp. 

Roxbury p.tp. 

Roxbury tp, 

Roxbury  1 tp, 

Roxbury tp. 

Roxbury p.v, 

Roxbury p.v, 

Roxbury p.tp. 

Roxbury p.tp, 

Roxobel p.tp. 

Royal tp. 

Royal  Centre p,v. 

Royal  Oak p.h. 

Royal  Oak tp. 

Royal  Oak p.v. 

Royal  ston p.tp. 

Royalton p.tp. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton p.tp. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton p.h. 

Royalton p.v. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton p.v, 

Royalton tp, 

Royalton p.v, 

Royer's  Ford p.b, 

Royston. p.v, 

Boyville v. 

Rubens p.h. 

Rubicon tp, 

Rubicon tp, 

Rubicon p.h. 

Ruby p.v. 

Ruby  City v, 

Ruckersville p.h, 

Rucksville p.h. 

Rudd tp, 

Rudd p.v, 

Ruddell's  Mills p.v. 

Rudolph p.tp. 


County. 


Chester.- 

Fayette 

Westmoreland , 

Cobb 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Schenectady..,. 

Texas 

Nevada 

Potter 

Livingston 

Whiteside 

White 

McLeod 

Lawrence 

Macon 

Marion 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Jackson 

Osborne 

Jefferson 

Todd 

Callaway 

Williamson,-... 

Mitchell 

Mendocino 

Morgan- 

Montgomery  „, 

Clinton 

Venango 

Franklin,, 

Marion.- 

Orangeburg  -... 

Bedford 

Hunterdon 

Cecil „ 

Preston- 

Hart 

Buchanan 

Essex 

Ashland 

Tuscarawas-..,, 

Franklin 

Ross 

Sussex 

Eaton 

Person 

Person 

Litchfield 

Oxford 

Cheshire 

Morris - 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Washington .... 

Dane,- 

Bertie 

Lincoln 

Cass 

Talbot 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Worcester 

Berrien- 

Pine 

Niagara 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

Fairfield 

Fulton 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Montgomery  ,„. 

Franklin 

Lafayette 

Jewell 

Huron 

Dodge 

Dodge 

St.  Clair 

Gunnison 

Elbert 

Lehigh 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Bourbon 

Wood 


State, 


S.C 

Tenn... 

Pa. 

Ga. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y-„ 

Mo 

Cal 

Pa, 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn  „ 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio-.. 

Minn .. 

Kan  „.. 

Iowa.... 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Tex,- 

Kan,. 

Cal... 

Utah. 

111-... 

N.Y,. 

Pa 

Mass ..,. 
S.C... 
8.  C..,.. 
Tenn  „ 
N,J.-, 

Md 

W,Va 

Ky 

Iowa. . 

Mass 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

Del 

Mich..,, 

N.  0 

N,  0-„, 
Conn.,.. 

Me 

N,  H,... 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N,  Y-„, 

Pa. 

Vt- 

Wis 

N.  C... 
Minn,.. 

Ind 

Md 

Mich..., 
Mich,.,. 
Mass. ... 
Mich  „. 
Minn,,, 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-,., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Vt. 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ga 

La. 

Kan 

Mich..,, 
Wis  ...., 

Wis 

Mich,... 

Col 

Ga 

Pa. 

Iowa.,.. 
Iowa,,., 

Ky 

Wis 


378 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Mount  Ohve. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


OBNSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoa. 


Kuggle* p.tp. 

Rulo p.v. 

Rumford  ^ p.tp. 

Rumford p.v. 

Ruinley tp. 

Rumney tp. 

Rumney p.v. 

Rumney  Depot p.h. 

Rnmphtown p.h. 

Ramsey p.v. 

Running  Water..... p.v. 

Rupert p.v. 

Rupert tp. 

Rupert p.v. 

Rural p.tp. 

Rural tp. 

Rural p.h. 

Rural p.tp. 

Rural h. 

Rural  Grove p.v. 

Rural  Retreat. p.v. 

Rural  Valley p.v, 

Ruscomb  Manor.. .tp. 

Rush tp. 

Rush p.tp. 

Rush tp. 

Ruah tp. 

Rush tp. 

Rush„ p.T. 

Rush tp. 

Rush tp. 

Rush tp. 

RuBh„ tp. 

Rush tp. 

Rush tp. 

Rushi tp. 

Rush« tp. 

Rush  City p.v. 

Rush  Creek tp. 

Rush  Creek tp. 

Rusheba* tp. 

Rushford p.v. 

Rushford tp. 

Rushford tp. 

Rushford p.v. 

Rushford tp. 

Rush  Lake tp. 

Rush  Lake tp. 

Rush  Lake p.v. 

Rushmore p.h. 

Rush  River tp. 

Rushsylvania. p.v. 

Rushville tp. 

Rushville p.v. 

Rushville tp. 

RusbTlIle p.v. 

Rushville tp. 

Rushville. p.v. 

Rushville p.v. 

Rushville p.v. 

Rushville p.h. 

Rusk p.v. 

Rusk p.h. 

Russell tp. 

Russell tp. 

Russell p.v. 

Russell tp. 

Russell p.v. 

Russell p.v. 

Russell p.tp, 

Russell tp. 

Russell tp. 

Russell p.tp, 

Russell p.tp, 

Russell tp. 

Russell  Gnloh p.v. 

Russell  Hill p.h. 

RusselTs  Mills p.h. 

Russell's  Station. ..p.v. 

RusaellvlUe- p.v. 

Russell  ville p.v. 

Russellville p.v. 

Russell  vllle. p.v. 

RussellriJle p.v. 

Russellville p.h. 

Russellville p.v. 

RussolIvUle p.h. 

Russellville.. ....p.v. 

Russia -p.lp, 

Russia tp. 

Buss  la... p.h. 


County. 


Ashland 

Richardson 

Oxford 

Providence 

Harrison 

Grafton- 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Colleton 

McLean 

Bon  Homme 

Columbia 

Bennington- 

Bennington 

Rock  Island 

Shelby 

Randolph , 

Jefferson 

Clermont 

Montgomery 

Wythe 

Armstrong , 

Berks 

Rooks 

Jo  Daviess , 

Shiawassee 

Buchanan 

Monroe , 

Monroe— , 

Champaign 

Scioto 

Tuscarawaa 

Centre 

Dauphin 

Northumberland 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna 

Chisago , 

Fairfield 

Logan 

Chisago 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Winnebago 

Palo  Alto.- 

Otter  Tall 

Tooele 

Nobles 

St  Croix 

Logan 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Rush 

Rush 

Phillips 

Buchanan 

Yates. 

Fairfield 

Rockingham 

Cherokee 

Dunn 

Lawrence 

Putnam - 

Lucas 

Russell 

Russell 

Greennp 

Hampden 

Camden 

Macon 

St.  Lawrence 

Geauga 

Sheboygan  

Gilpin 

Wyoming 

Parke 

Highland- 

Franklin 

Pope 

Lawrence 

Putnam 

Logan 

Cole 

Brown 

Chester 

Hamblen 

Herkimer 

Lorain 

Shelby 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Ohio.... 

Neb 

Me 

R.  I 

Ohio 

N.H 

N.  H 

N.H 

8.0 

Ky 

Dak 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Va 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan.... 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y-.., 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Pa„ 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn .. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio...., 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 

Wis 

Iowa... 
Minn ... 
Utah.. 
Minn ., 
Wis.-., 
Ohio..., 

Ill , 

111 , 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan  -. 
Mo  ..... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 

Va. 

Tex  .„. 
Wis.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan... 
Kan... 

Ky 

Mass.., 
Mo...... 

Mo , 

N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 

Wis 

Col 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio- 

Ala 

Ark.-. 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Ky 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Pa. 

Tenn.. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-., 


768 

611 

1,212 


1,158 
1,166 


216 


1,017 


909 


119 


1,408 


1,036 

683 

1, 

1,664 


1,789 

638 

977 

1,963 

106 

1,324 

2,291 

1,418 


2,044 
706 

1,245 
268 

1,636 


2,019 
246 
167 


549 
310 
3,021 
1,539 
3,327 
1.' 


1,181 
1,246 


635 

1,141 

1,668 

2,688 

805 

623 


311 


1,843 

68 

369 


2,220 
4,207 


726 

673 

1,006 

338 

1,261 

1,060 

187 

94 

89 

204 

152 

127 

957 

105 

943 

1,060 

37 

1,027 

91 

117 

286 

183 

1,466 

314 

1,106 

1,286 

2,326 

1,741 

216 

2,150 

778 

1,037 

1,591 

124 

1,263 

1,522 

1,367 

580 

8,606 

2,266 

394 

941 

863 

1,453 

439 

2,059 

237 

448 

115 

99 

677 

445 

2,956 

1,662 

4,396 

2,515 

248 

341 

603 

227 

60 

626 

71 

1,283 

1,294 

345 

2,001 

861 

175 

823 

1,166 

809 

2,403 

713 

657 

643 

76 

46 

124 

186 

825 

265 

157 

2,058 

67 

478 

98 

174 

2,177 

4,376 

91 


Flac^ 


County. 


Stat*. 


Russian  River. tp. 

Russiaville p.v. 

Rust - tp. 

Rustburg .p.T. 

Rutherford -tp. 

Rutherford— p.v. 

Rutherford  Depot—p.v. 

Rutherfordton tp. 

Rutherford  ton p.T. 

Rnthven p.h. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.v. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.h. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.tp, 

Rutland p.tp, 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.v. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.v. 

Rutland p.tp, 

Rutledge -p.v. 

Rutledge - p.v. 

Rutledge— tp. 

Rutledge— p.v. 

Ruyle ....tp. 

Ryan »..- tp. 

Ryan -tp. 

Ryan -tp. 

Rye p.tp. 

Rye p.^. 

Rye tp. 

Ryegate tp. 

Ryegate p.h. 

Ryud  Farm v. 

Rynear. p.h. 

Sabetha p.v. 

Sabillasville p.v. 

Sabina p.v. 

Sabinosa v. 

SabinsviUe p.v. 

Sabula p.v. 

Sac - tp. 

Sac tp. 

Sac  Bay tp. 

Saccarappa- p.v. 

Sao  City p.v. 

Sackeft's  Harbor, 

Sackville -... 

Saco c. 

Sacramento p.v. 

Sacramento  Brul6..v. 
Sacramento  City....c. 

Sacred  Heart tp. 

Sacred  Heart ....p.h. 

Sadawga p.h. 

Saddle  River p.tp. 

Sadonis tp. 

SadoruB p.v, 

Sadsbury  «. tp. 

Sadsbury tp. 

Sadsbury— tp. 


..p.v. 
.h. 


p.v. 

— p.v. 
P.b. 

p.T. 

p.v. 

-T. 


Sadsburyvllle, 
Saegersvllle-. 
Saegertown... 
Safe  Harbor.. 

Saflbrd -., 

Saganing 

Sageto  wn- t. 

Sag  Harbor-. p.v, 

Saginaw c. 

Saginaw tp. 

Saguache p.T, 

Sahlmark tp. 

Sailor  Bar h. 

Saint  Albans tp. 

Saint  Albans p.tp. 

Saint  Albans tp. 

Saint  Albans p.tp. 

Saiut  Albans p.v. 

Saint  Andrews tp. 

Saint  Anne.- tp. 

Saint  Anno p.v. 

Saint  Ansgar tp. 

Saint  Ansgar  .........p.T. 


Sonoma 

Howard 

Jackson 

Campbell 

Martin 

Bergen 

Gibson 

Rutherford.... 
Rutherford.... 

Palo  Alto 

Kane 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Humboldt 

Humboldt 

Woodbury 

Montgomery.. 

Worcester. 

Barry- 

Martin 

Jefferson 

Meigs 

Meigs 

Tioga- 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Dane 

Crenshaw  -.... 

Morgan 

De  Witt 

Grainger , 

Jersey 

Sumner 

Schuylkill...., 

Edgefield 

Rockingham., 
Westchester-, 

Perry 

Caledonia  -... 

Caledonia 

Venango 

Fountain 

Nemaha , 

Frederick-..., 

Clinton- , 

San  Miguel.... 

Tioga- , 

Jackson 

Sac 

Dade 

Delta 

Cumberland- 
Sac , 

Jefferson 

Cedar 

York 

McLean 

Ascension 

Sacramento- 
Renville 

Renville 

Windham  -... 

Bergen- , 

Champaign... 
Champaign... 

Chester - 

Crawlbrd 

Lancaster 

Chester. 

Lehigh 

Crawford 

Lancaster 

Graham , 

Bay 

Henderson.... 

Suffolk 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Saguache- 

Stevens 

Sacramento- 
Hancock  

Somerset 

Licking 

Franklin 

Kanawha 

Charleston ... 
Kankakee .... 
Kankakee .... 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 


Population. 


187a     1880. 


Oal 

Ind 

Hlnn ... 

Va 

Ind 

N.  J 

Tenn.... 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt , 

Wis..... 

Ala 

Qa 

Ill 

Tenn .., 

Ill 

Kan — 

Pa 

S.C... 
N.H-.. 
N.  T-.. 

Pa 

Vt- 

Vt 

Pa. 

Ind 

Kan-.. 

Md 

Ohio-.. 
N.Mex. 

Pa. 

Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 

Mo 

Mich.., 

Me 

Iowa.., 
N.  Y-. 
Mo.... 

Me 

Ky 

La 

Cal .... 
Minn  . 
Minn. 

Vt 

N.  J_. 
111-.... 

111...... 

Pa-„.. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa...... 

Pa 

Pa 

Arizona 
Mich.. 

Ill 

N.  Y-. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 

Col 

Minn .. 

Cal 

Ill 

Me , 

Ohio-., 

Vt 

W.  Va. 
S.  C... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Iowa... 


987 
160 


1,030 


1,097 


960 

1,499 

412 

422 


486 
1,024 
1,156 

196 
1,903 
2,471 


1,167 
9.834 


1,189 


235 
664 
107 


600 
836 
993 
7,150 
703 
93fi 


920 
684 


166 
713 


6,766 
196 


16,286 
316 


1,168 
1,468 

300 
2,400 

894 
1,617 


441 


1,723 
7,460 
1,004 


1,147 
1,676 
1,110 
7,014 


8,277 
1,386 


893 
360 


1,076 

419 

124 

194 

1,316 

2,299 

S23 

1,243 

300 

73 

1,033 

1,767 

402 

444 

48 

192 

1,061 

1,069 

1,226 

264 

1,79« 

2,340 

139 

1,0M 

12,149 

7,602 

1,133 

216 

273 

648 

126 

740 

463 

699 

1,117 

1,111 

6,576 

849 

1,046 

60 

186 

46 

849 

161 

767 

169 

170 

1,223 

681 

1,200 

301 

2,487 

596 

886 

24 

6,389 

172 

346 

21,420 

1,171 

76 

90 

1,355 

1,598 

260 

749 

896 

1,782 

213 

123 

678 

691 

173 

243 

605 

1,99« 

10,626 

1,376 

326 

210 

4fi 

1,284 

1,394 

1,187 

7,193 

48S 

6,216 

1.168 

418 

1,215 

5U 


1  Sinoe  1870,  part  to  Klein. 


•  In  1871,  part  to  NeveL 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Weit  Sadsbnry. 
379 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoe. 


Saint  Anthony p.h. 

Saint  Anthony tp. 

Saint  Armand tp. 

Saint  Aubert p.tp, 

Saint  Augusta p.tp. 

Saint  Augustine... .T. 
Saint  Augustine. ...c. 
Saint  Augustine. ...p.y. 

Saint  Bernard v. 

Saint  Bernice p.v. 

Saint  Bonifacius  ...p.h. 
Saint  Catherine....J8l. 

Saint  Charles p.h. 

Saint  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles p.T. 

Saint  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles p.T. 

Saint  Charles p.r. 

Saint  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles p.T. 

Saint  Charles p.T. 

Saint  Charles tp. 

Saiut  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles c. 

Saint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair p.tp. 

Saint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair ...tp. 

Saint  Clair p.T. 

Saint  Clair p.T. 

Saint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair .....p.tp. 

Saint  Clair b. 

Saint  Clair p.b. 

Saint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair t. 

Saint  Clair p.T. 

Saint  Clair h. 

Saint  CIair8Tille....p.T. 
Saint  Clair8TilIe....p.b. 

Saint  Clere p.h. 

Saint  Cloud c. 

Saint  Cloud tp. 

Saint  Cloud p.T. 

Saint  Croix  Falls.-.tp. 
Saint  Croix  Falls.-.p.T. 

Saint  Denis p.T. 

St.Deni8<feSt.Thomas.  tp, 

Saint  Deroin p.h. 

Saint  Domingo. ...mT. 

Saint  Donatus p.T. 

Saint  Edward p.T. 

Saiut  Elizabeth p.h. 

Saint  Elmo p.T. 

Saints  Marie tp. 

Sainte  Marie p.T. 

Sainte  Marie tp. 

Saint  Ferdinand... .tp. 
Saint  Ferdinand. ...V. 

Saint  Florian p.T. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francis p.tp. 

Saint  Francis p.tp. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francisville..p.T. 
Saint  FrancisTille..T. 
Saint  Franci8ville..p.T. 

Saint  Fran9oi8 tp. 

Saint  Gene>'ieTe....tp. 
Saint  Geneyiove....p.T. 

Saint  George p.h. 

Saint  George tp. 

Saint  George p.T. 

Saint  George p.tp. 

Saint  George tp. 

Saint  George p.y. 

Saint  George p.tp. 

Saint  George p.y. 

Saint  George's hnd. 

Saint  George's p. v. 

Saint  Gilman p.h. 

Saint  Hedwig p.h. 

Saint  Helen p.T. 

Saint  Helena p.T. 

Saint  Helena p.T. 

Saint  Helena tp. 

Saint  Helena isl. 

Saint  Henry p.h. 

Sftlnt  ignace p.tp. 


Coun^. 


Dubois 

Hennepin.. 


Callaway... 

Stearns 

Kew  Castle 

St.  John's 

Knox 

Hamilton 

Vermilion 

Cambria 

Liberty 

Arkansas 

Kane 

Kane 

Floyd 

Madison 

Hopkins. 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Winona 

Winona 

St.  Charles 

St.  Charles 

Benton 

Monona 

Jewell 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair „ 

Franklin 

Butler 

Columbiana 

BeaTer 

Schuylkill 

Westmoreland.. 
Westmoreland.. 

Hawkins 

Mineral 

Belmont 

Bedford 

Pottawatomie.... 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Foud  du  Lac .... 

Polk 

Polk 

Baltimore 

Charleston 

Kemaha 

Baltimore^ 

Jackson 

Boone 

Miller 

Fayette 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Green  Lake 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Lauderdale 

Effingham 

Aroostook 

Anoka 

Butler 

Madison 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

West  Feliciana . 

Clarke 

St.  Fran9ois 

St.  Genevieye.... 
St.  Geneyieye.... 

Kankakee 

Pottawatomie.... 
Pottawatomie.... 

Knox....'. 

Benton 

Washington... ._ 

Chittenden 

Tucker.™ 

Kew  Castle 

New  Castle 

Osceola 

Bexar 

Columbia 

Napa 

Cedar 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Dubois 

Mackinac  „ 


State. 


Ind 

Minn ... 
N.  T_... 

Mo. 

Minn ... 

Del 

Fla 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa 

Ga. 

Ark.»... 

HI 

ni_ 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan ..... 
Mich.... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio_... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tenn  . 
W.  Va 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Kan... 
Minn . 
Minn. 
Wis_.., 
Wis.-. 

Wl8„.. 

Md .... 
S.  0.-.. 
Neb_. 
Md..... 
Iowa.. 
Neb...., 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

Ala  .... 

Ill 

Me 

Minn ... 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

La. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Hi 

Kan .... 
Kan.... 

Me 

Minn .. 
Utah..., 

Vt 

W.  Va. 

Del 

Del 

Iowa.... 

Tex 

Oregon 

Oal 

Neb._.., 

S.C 

S.  C 

Ind 

Mich..., 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


236 

336 

1,139 

570 


102 

'""m 

"2^281 
3,374 


1,185 


1,151 

809 

9,049 

6,570 

811 


2,002 
1,790 


1,187 

1,156 

232 

6,726 

777 


1,056 
144 


2,161 

682 


643 


2,119 


273 
1,462 


706 
7,214 


509 
253 
166 
246 
386 
1,735 
131 


408 
1,614 
3,409 
1,521 


436 


2,318 
317 


6,075 
265 


6,152 
"*405 


87 
485 
452 

1,320 
798 
122 

2,293 
289 

1,022 

122 

74 

146 

73 

2,519 

1,533 

3,942 
183 
356 

1,539 
683 

1,156 
740 

8,417 

6,014 
907 
331 
584 

1,99« 

1,923 
217 

1,252 

1,186 
289 

4,149 

783 

216 

192 

88 

1,128 

144 

22 

2,462 
698 
183 
642 
216 
161 

2,342 
90 
397 
141 
158 
15 
823 
918 
243 
705 

7,923 
817 
135 
828 
299 
270 
275 
520 

1,422 
334 
721 
296 

2,325 

3,929 

1,422 

57 

762 

206 

2,875 
453 

1,332 

93 

150 

6,073 

338 

28 

64 

209 

1,339 
200 

6,644 

4,397 

62 

966 


Place. 


Saint  Jacob tp. 

Saint  Jacob p.y. 

Saint  James p.T. 

Saint  Jamas tp. 

Saint  James p.r. 

Saint  James tp. 

Saiut  James  > tp. 

Saint  James p.T. 

Saint  James p.h. 

Saint  James tp. 

St.JamesGooseCik~tp. 

Saint  Jo p.T. 

Saint  Joe „r. 

Saint  Joe _p.h. 

St.  Joe  Lead  Mines.y. 

Saint  John p.b. 

Saint  John p.T. 

Saint  John h. 

Saiut  John tp. 

Saint  John h. 

Saint  John tp. 

Saint  John tp. 

Saint  John p.h. 

Saiut  John pin. 

Saiut  John tp. 

Saiut  John p.T. 

Saiut  John p.tp. 

Saint  John y. 

Saint  Johnland p.T. 

Saint  John's p.T. 

Saint  John's p.y. 

Saint  John's '.p.tp. 

Saint  John's tp. 

Saint  Johnsbury  ...tp. 
Saiut  Johnsbury  ...p.y 
St.  Johnsbury  East.p.y, 
Saint  John8v{lle....tp. 
Saint  JohnByille....p.y 

Saiut  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saiut  Joseph p.T, 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T, 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T, 

Saiut  Joseph c. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saiut  Lawrence ...  .tp. 
Saint  Lawrence . 
Saint  Lawrence . 
Saint  Lawrence . 

Saint  Leon 

Saint  Louis 

Saint  Louis 

Saint  Louis p.T. 

Saint  Louis c. 

SaintLouisCrossing.p.y. 

Saint  Louisyille p.y. 

Saint  Mark p.h. 

Saint  Mark's p.h. 

Saint  Mark's tp. 

Saint  Martin* tp. 

Saint  Martin's h. 

Saint  Martin's p.h. 

Saint  Martinsville  .p.y. 

Saint  Mary tp. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's v. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.h. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.y. 

Saint  Mary's p.h. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's..'. p.y. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.y. 

Saint  Mary's p.b. 

Saint  Mary's p.y. 

Saint  Mary's p.y. 

Saint  Matthew's  ...tp. 
Saint  Matthew's  ...p.y. 

Saint  Maurice p.h. 

Saint  Michael tp. 

Saint  Michael's p.y. 

Saint  Morgan h. 

Saint  Nicholas h. 


.p.h. 

..p.y. 

,.tp. 

..p.y. 

..p.h. 


Coanty. 


Madison ..., 

Madison „., 

Manitou 

Watonwan 

Watonwan 

Mississippi 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Cedar _ 

Clarendon 

Charleston 

Montague- 

De  Kalb. ........ 

Hamilton  - 

St  Franyois  -.. 

Colusa  

Perry ...._.. 

De  Kalb 

Lake 

Clayton- 

Harrison 

Stafford 

Stafford  _ 

Aroostook 

New  Madrid... 

Putnam- 

Hertford 

Mercer.......... 

Suffolk 

Apache— 

Clinton 

Kandiyohi 

Franklin 

Caledonia. 

Caledonia- 

Caledonia 

Montgomery .. 
Montgomery... 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Allen 

Tensas 

Berrien 

Berrien.- 

Stearns.- 

Stearns 

Buchanan- 

Williams 

St.  Croix 

Scott 

Cambria 

Washington ... 

Waupaca- 

Dearborn.- 

Sierra 

Larimer 

Gratiot 

St.  Louis 

Bartholomew.. 

Licking 

Sedgwick. 

Wakulla 

Clarendon 

Stearns 

Claiborne 

Brown 

St.  Martin's.... 

Waseca 

Hancock 

Iroquois ;. 

Adams 

Mills 

Warren 

Pottawatomie . 
Pottawatomie . 

Marion 

Perry , 

St.  Gfeneyieye.. 

Wake 

Auglaize 

Auglaize 

Elk 

Refugio 

Pleasants , 

Wake 

Orangeburg.... 

Decatur 

Madison , 

Talbot 

Madison 

Ripley 


Stote. 


Ill 

lU 

Mich. 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo ...... 

Neb 

8.  C 

8. 0 

Tex 

Ind 

Neb. 

Mo. 

Oal 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ohio-,.. 

N.Y 

Arizona 

Mich. 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Vt , 

Vt 

Vt 

N.Y- 
N.  Y- 

III 

Ill 

Ind... 

La 

Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Ohio-., 
Wis..... 
Minn. 

Pa 

Wis.-. 

Wis 

Ind 

Cal 

Col ..... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Ind.... 
Ohio- 
Kan.... 
Fla ..... 
8.  C.-.. 
Minn., 
Miss-.. 
Ohio ... 

La 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Kan-... 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0-... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-.., 

Pa- 

Tex 

W.Va. 

N.  C 

S.  C 

Ind 

Mo 

Md 

Ill 

Ind 


PopnUktlon. 


1870.      1880. 


141 


605 
1,631 


640 
7,796 


366 


1,442 


1,507 


127 
403 
130 
2,016 
105 


4,665 


2,189 
1,376 
1,222 


1,373 
*2,994 


19,565 

1,844 

265 

316 


759 


888 
310,864 


166 


480 
656 


1,190 

737 

1,660 


926 
279 


1,205 


1,940 
397 
2,124 
2,420 
1,370 
1,084 
311 


2,192 


1,326 
1,096 


i,n» 

461 

168 
282 
444 

924 

841 

392 

81 

951 

10,606 

342 

180 

32 

827 

54 

486 

40 

1,613 

3ft 

2,297 

678 

56 

166 

467 

149 

3,300 

12T 

21ft 

64& 

2,370 

167 

1,910 

6,800 

3,360 

162 

2,002 

1,072 

1,454 

328 

1,621 

486 

8,550 

2,603 

571 

292 

32,431 

2,073 

642 

297 

63 

116 

874 

264 

94 

68 

1,976 

360,618 

166 

216 

4C 

63 

709 

6ie 

44 

60 

1,606 

767 

1,542 

227 

979 

271 

35 

1,418 

884 

62 

1,493 

419 

2,944 

3,147 

1,745 

1,501 

350 

350 

1,878 

271 

60 

8,649 

U75 

3» 

4S 


380 


>  Since  1870,  area  mnch  reduced. 


S  In  1871,  part  t/i  Spring  HilL 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Pkc«. 


Connty. 


StAte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Plao*. 


Oonnty. 


State. 


Popnlatlon. 


1870,      1880, 


Saint  Olaf. p.T, 

Saint  Olaf. p.tp. 

Saint  Omer._ ....p.T. 

Saint  Paris ......p.T. 

Saint  Panl p.v. 

Saint  Paul T. 

Saint  Paul p.h. 

Saint  Paul e. 

Saint  Panl p.h. 

Saint  Panl p.T. 

Saint  Paul's p.tp. 

Saint  Paul's tp. 

Saint  Peter c. 

Saint  Peter's p.T. 

Saint  Peter's p.T. 

Saint  Peter8burg...p.b. 

Saint  Rose P-tp. 

Saint  Steplien p.h. 

Saint  Stephen's tp. 

St.  Steptien'g  Depot.p.h. 

Saint  Thomas p.T. 

Saint  Thomas tp. 

Saint  Tliomas.. p.T. 

S!\int  Vincent p.tp. 

Saint  Wendall p.tp. 

Saint  Wendell's p.T. 

Salado p.T. 

Salamanca tp. 

Salamanca tp. 

Salamanca p.T. 

Sitlamonia p.T. 

Salaraonie tp. 

Salem h. 

Salem p.h. 

Salem T. 

Salem p.tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem ....b. 

Salem tp. 

Salem h. 

Salem „..tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem «.tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem m tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem p.tp. 

Salem ~ c. 

Salem ^„ tp. 

Salem p.tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem ».... tp. 

Salem h. 

Salem ...p.T. 

Salem tp. 

Salem .m tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem tp. 

Salem .^ p.T. 

Salem c. 

Salem tp. 

Salem „ p.T. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem tp. 

Salem ^. 

Salem....... tp. 

Salem ....tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem,.... tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

ialem tp. 

Salem... t. 

Salem .....tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem......... ....tp. 

~ftlem....... ....tp. 

ftlem tp. 

Jem ....tp. 

Jem......M. ....tp. 

lem .M..........e. 

klem tp. 

l«m T. 

klem tp. 

atom tp. 


Clayton .., 

Otter  Tall 

Decatur. 

Champaign.  _. 

Decatur. 

Shelby , 

Lee 

Ramsey 

St.  CharlM.... 

Howard 

Robeeon 

Clarendon 

Nicollet. 

Franklin 

St.  Charles.... 

Clarion , 

Clinton 

Nuckolls c 

Charleston.... 
Charleston.... 

Cole 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Kittson 

Stearns 

Posey , 

Bell 

Cherokee 

Cattaraugus. 
Cattaraugus... 

Jay 

Huntington... 
Limestone..... 

Fulton 

Sebastian 

New  London, 

Carroll 

Knox 

Marion. 

Marion 

Adams 

Delaware 

JaT 

Pulaski 

Steuben 

Washington. 

Henry 

Henry 

Allen 

Greenwood... 

Jewell 

Sedgwick 

Livingston..., 

Franklin 

Essex 

Allegan........ 

Washtenaw.. 

Olmsted 

DaTiess 

DaTiefls 

Dent 

Dunkllu 

Lewis 

Perry 

Richardson... 
Rockingham 
Rockingham 

Salem 

Washington.. 
Washington. 

Forsyth 

Pasquotank... 

Auglaize 

Champaign... 
Columbiana .. 
Columbiana... 

Highland 

Jefferson 

Meigs 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 
Muskingum.. 

Ottawa 

Shelby 

Tuscarawas.. 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wyandot 

Marion........ 

Clarion 

Clarion. 

Luzerne 

Mercer 


Iowa.... 
Minn  ~. 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ind...... 

Iowa..., 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Neb 

N.O 

8. 0 , 

Minn .. 

Ind 

Mo ..... 

Pa 

IlL. 

Neb...., 
8.  0.-.. 

8. 0 

Mo  ..... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Ind 

Tex 

Kan.... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

IlL. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  ... 
Kan... 
Kan.... 
Kan  ... 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich... 
Minn. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H... 
N.H.... 
N.  J.... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y.... 
N.C... 

N.C 

Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Ohio... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio... 

Oregon. 

Pa.., 

Pa.., 

Pa..., 

Pa.,., 


408 


20,030 


1,052 

060 

2,124 


1,032 
'3,094 


1,902 
389 


366 


708 
1,881 


1,486 


717 

839 

1,906 

3,132 

1,182 


1,413 


667 
1,386 
1,294 
1,882 


271 


307 

24,117 

1,143 

1,216 

996 

986 


280 
470 


304 
1,603 


4,666 
3,566 
1,239 


1,314 
877 
1,864 
3,199 
3,700 
1,029 
1,708 
1,718 
2,106 
312 
941 
1,687 
1,428 
1,726 
2,102 
1,610 
1,103 


949 
'i",626 


SO 

668 

182 

1,099 

655 

190 

37 

41,473 

64 

482 

1,622 

1,083 

8,436 

114 

334 

1,044 

1,226 

18 

3,599 

79 

110 

2,358 

390 

489 

610 

119 

443 

1,093 

3,498 

2,631 

133 

1,864 

45 

^     86 

168 

674 

860 

1,794 

2,182 

1,327 

61 

1,592 

68 

936 

1,661 

1,615 

1,686 

524 

678 

621 

105 

684 

132 

273 

27,563 

1,574 

1,192 

990 

982 

75 

1,624 

766 

1,197 

1,087 

473 

1,809 

400 

5,066 

3,498 

1,410 

1,340 

1,880 

1,160 

2,108 

5,142 

4,041 

1,144 

1,9(J7 

1,668 

2,377 

297 

874 

2,683 

1,676 

2,457 

2,062 

1,638 

1,547 

2,538 

1,496 

198 

1,448 

692 


Salem p.h. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.tp. 

Salem p.T. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.h. 

Salem tp. 

Salem  Centre .p.h. 

Salem  Chapel p.tp. 

Salem  Depot p.T, 

Salem  Fauquier p.T. 

SalesTille. p.T. 

Salina p.tp. 

Sallna c. 

8allna tp. 

Salina p.T. 

Salinas. p.T. 

Saline tp. 

Saline h. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline p.T. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline  City p.T. 

Saline  City ..t. 

Salineville p.T. 

Sallng tp. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury. p.T. 

Salisbury. h. 

Salisbury h. 

Salisbury. tp. 

Salisbury p.T. 

Salisbury p.T. 

Salisbury p.tp. 

Salisbury. tp. 

Salisbury p.T. 

Salisbury p.h. 

Salisbury p.tp. 

SalisboTy. tp. 

Salisbury p.T. 

Salisbury. tp. 

Salisbury p.T. 

Salisbury. tp. 

Salisbury. p.tp. 

Salisbury. tp. 

Salisbury b. 

Salisbury p.tp. 

Salisbury  Centre. ..p.h. 
Salisbury  Centre.. .p.T. 

Salisbury  Mills t. 

Salisbury  Point t. 

Salladasburg p.T. 

Sallis p.T. 

Sallytown h. 

Salmon tp. 

Salmon  Brook t. 

Salmon  City p.T. 

Salmon  Falls p.tp. 

Salmon  Falls p.T. 

Saloma p.h. 

Salt  City _ p.h. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek p.tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Fork tp. 

Saltillo. p.T. 

Saltillo _h. 

Saltillo. p.b. 

Saltillo p.T. 

Salt  Lake  City c. 

Salt  Lick tp. 

Salt  Lick tp. 


Snyder 

Wayne 

Westmoreland-... 

Orleans 

Roanoke 

Kenosha 

Kenosha 

Pierce 

Meigs 

Forsyth 

Rockingham. 

Fauquier 

Guernsey , 

Kankakee <»., 

Saline 

Onondaga. 

Westmoreland ..., 

Monterey 

Madison ..., 

Madison 

Ellis 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Cooper 

Miller 

Perry. 

Ralls 

St.  GeneTieTe 

Jefferson 

Clay 

Saline 

Columbiana^ 

Audrain 

Litchfield 

Litchfield.. 

Kent 

Coles 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Wicomico. 

Essex 

Chariton 

Charlton 

Madison 

Merrimac 

Herkimer 

Herkimer. 

Rowan 

Rowan 

Meiga 

Lancaster 

Lehigh 

Somerset 

Addison 

Merrimac. 

Herkimer. , 

Essex 

Essex 

Lycoming , 

Attala 

Monongalia. 

Siskiyou 

Hartford 

liemhi 

El  Dorado 

Strafford 

Taylor 

Sumner. 

Mason 

Decatur. 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Monroe 

DaTis.. 

Tama-.-. 

Chautauqua. 

Lincoln. 

Mitchell 

Reno.. 

Chariton 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Muskingum. 

Pickaway 

Wayne 

Saline 

Lee 

Perry 

Huntingdon. 

Hardin.- 

Salt  Lake..... 

Perry. 

Fayette. 


Pn 

Pa...... 

Pa...... 

Vt 

Va. .... 
Wis..., 
Wis.., 
Wis.... 
Ohio., 
N.O. 
N.H. 

Va 

Ohio.. 
IlL...., 
Kan. 
N.T. 

Pa 

CaL... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.., 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo... 

Ohio 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio.., 

Mo 

Conn  .. 
Conn... 

Del 

HI 

ni 

HI 

Md 

Mass,,, 

Mo 

Mo 

Mon.... 
N,  H.,. 
N.  Y„,. 
N,  Y,... 
N.  0,,.. 
N.  C... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

N.H... 
N.  Y.... 
Mass... 
MasHL.. 

Pa 

Miss.... 
W.Va., 

Oal 

Conn... 

Idaho  _ 

Cal... 

N.H. 

Ky... 

Kan. 

III.... 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Iowa 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mo 

Miss..... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Tenn... 
Utah.... 

Ohio 

Pa 


S,«OT 
2,124 

es3 

1,366 
1,386 

'"*24'l 


172 

866 

918 

2,688 


1,966 


1,838 
1,720 
1,409 
1,634 
980 
1,922 


1,429 

991 

8,303 


2,064 

3,776 

2,764 

626 

"ivi 

1,933 


3,327 

168 

10,726 

8,710 

2,860 

291 

902 


428 


78 


1,102 
1,687 
1,223 
1,968 
636 
889 
1,113 


1,179 
1,260 
1,131 
1,760 
1,693 


148 
83 


12,864 
1,349 
1,209 

381 


40 

1,636 

1,861 

681 

1,759 

1,286 

93 

478 

19 

1,226 

600 

257 

266 

946 

8,111 

2,888 

172 

1,864 

1,302 

93 

436 

1,927 

858 

1,630 

2,404 

1,331 

1,682 

1,403 

1,480 

199 

105 

2,302 

1,697 

8,n5 

838 

60 

70 

689 

113 

2,681 

4,079 

3,809 

908 

60 

796 

1,884 

124 

4,086 

2,723 

10,992 

3,873 

3,078 

621 

775 

03 

841 

2,160 

483 

312 

132 

67 

613 

169 

292 

492 

966 

66 

80 

078 

1,665 

1,230 

2,316 

784 

1,268 

1,222 

763 

429 

614 

478 

901 

1,486 

1,494 

1,181 

1,868 

1,778 

888 

261 

80 

va 

2«8 

20,768 

3,970 
1,371 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoe. 


Salt  Point tp. 

Salt  Pond '.p. 

Salt  River p.v. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  River tp. 

Salt  Rock tp. 

Saltsburg v. 

Saltsburg p.b. 

Salt  Spring tp. 

Salt  Springs tp. 

Salt  Springs p.T. 

Saltville p.r. 

Salubria h. 

Saluda p.tp. 

Saluda tp. 

Saluda tp. 

Saluda p.v. 

Saluuga p.T. 

Salvina p.v. 

Samantha p.v. 

Samaria h. 

Sammonsville p.T. 

Sammy  Swamp tp. 

Sampit p.tp. 

Sampsel tp. 

Sampson h. 

San  Andreas p.T. 

San  Antonio tp. 

San  Antonio tp. 

San  Antonio c. 

San  Augustine p.T. 

San  Benito p.tp. 

San  Bernardino p.v. 

San  Bernardo h. 

Sanborn p.T. 

Sanborn p.T. 

Sanbornton p.tp. 

San  Buenaventura^p.v. 

Sanburn p.h. 

Sand  Bank p.v. 

Sand  Beach tp. 

Sand  Beach p.v. 

Sandborn p.T. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Saud  Creek .....tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek p.T. 

SandersvIUe p.v. 

Sandford h. 

Sandgate p.tp. 

Sand  Hill p.tp. 

Sand  Hill tp. 

Sand  Hill tp. 

San  Diego c. 

San  Diego p.v. 

San  Dieguito p.tp. 

Sandisfleld -p.tp. 

Sand  Lake p.T. 

Sand  Lake tp. 

Sand  Lake p.v 

Sandoval p.v. 

Sandown p.tp, 

Sand  Prairie tp. 

Sand  Bun v. 

Sand  Spring p.v. 

Sand  Springs Ji. 

Sandstone p.tp. 

Sand  Town _h. 

Sandusky p.v. 

Sandusky tp. 

Sandusky c. 

Sandusky tp. 

Sandusky tp. 

Sandusky p.h. 

Sandwich p.T. 

Sandwich „.tp. 

Sandwich p.T. 

Sandwich tp. 

Sandwich pi. 

Sandy tp. 

Sandy tp. 

Sandy tp. 


Oonnty. 


Sonoma «.... 

Saline 

Isabella 

Adair 

Audrain 

Knox.. 

Pike 

Balls 

Randolph  _ 

Schuyler - 

Shelby 

Marion.. 

Alleghany 

Indiana. 

Randolph.. 

Greenwood 

Saline 

Washington .. 

Christian 

.Tefferson 

Gi-eenville 

Lexington 

Middlesex 

Lancaster- 

Mercer 

Highland. 

Johnson 

Fulton 

Clarendon. 

Georgetown 

Livingston 

Darke 

Calaveras 

Los  Angeles 

Marin 

Bexar 

San  Angusdne.. 

San  Benito 

San  Bernardino 

Austin 

O'Brien 

Niagara- 

Belknap 

Ventura 

Johnson 

Oswego.- 

Huron 

Huron 

Knox 

Bartholomew.... 

Decatur- 

Jennings 

Union 

Scott 

Dunn 

Dunn 

Washington 

Edgar. 

Bennington 

Scotland 

Lenoir 

Moore 

San  Diego 

Duval 

San  Dieg^- 

Berkshire  — 

Kent 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer .....'.. 

Marion.- 

Rockingham .... 

Tazewell 

Bradford 

Delaware.- 

Onondaga. 

Jackson- 

Queen  Anne 

Cattaraugus. 

Crawford 

Erie 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Sauk 

DeKalb 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

Oarroll 

CanoU 

Stark 

Tuscarawas...... 

Qearfield 


State. 


Cal 

Mo 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Kan„. 

Mo 

Va 

Ky 

Ind...., 
8.  C... 

S.  C 

Va 

Pa 

Ky 

Ohio-. 
Ind.... 
N.  T-., 
8.O.... 
S.  C... 
Mo ...., 
Ohio-., 
Cal .... 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex.... 
Tex .... 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex.-., 
Iowa.., 
N.  Y„., 
N.  H-. 

Cal 

Ill , 

N.  Y„. 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind...., 
Iowa... 
Minn ., 
Wis  — 
Wis-.., 

Ga 

111 

Vt , 

Mo 

N.  C-. 
N.  C-., 
Cal ...., 
Tex.-.. 
Cal .... 
Mass.., 
Mich.. 
N.  Y„., 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill , 

N.  H... 

Ill- 

Pa 

Iowa.., 
N.Y-., 
Mich.., 

Md 

N.  Y„., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 

Wis 

Ill 

Mass... 
Mass... 
N.  H... 
N.H... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,088 
2,895 


1,164 

5,602 
2,120 

379 
1,337 

782 
1,115 
1,986 

351 


659 
3,526 


1,682 

1,761 

792 


960 
960 


451 

12,256 

250 


1,236 


1,149 

2,029 

930 

328 

1,520 


705 
784 
400 
268 
2,300 


1,482 


2,633 


496 
1,046 


1,598 


682 
1,670 


1,844 
3,694 


1,854 


1,116 
1,163 


876 

2,526 

194 

1,377 

7,773 

1,421 

489 

1,681 

861 

1,111 

2,866 

651 

500 

855 

3,218 

1,293 

1,018 

185 

70 

1,649 

1,939 

1,475 

103 

113 

276 

104 

95 

138 

1,029 

1,325 

1,264 

47 

697 

1,679 

523 

20,660 

603 

672 

1,673 

38 

364 

177 

1,19-2 

1,370 

76 

763 

1,516 

534 

252 

1,601 

2,161 

967 

611 

1,168 

667 

116 

1,279 

46 

081 

1,065 

693 

837 

2,637 

1,572 

204 

1,107 

581 

2,650 

777 

664 

600 

1,020 

369 

203 

68 

1,672 

97 

299 

658 

16,838 

723 

1,785 

62 

2,352 

3,543 

1,369 

1,701 

78 

1,266 

1,864 

3,840 


Place. 


Sandy  Bottom v. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek p.T, 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek p.v. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek -..tp. 

Sandy  Creek h. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek* tp. 

Sandy  Grove p.tp. 

Sandy  Hill p.v. 

Sandy  Hook p.T. 

Sandy  Hook t. 

Sandy  Lake h. 

Sandy  Lake tp. 

Sandy  Lake p.b. 

Sandy  Mush p.tp. 

Sandy  Mush tp. 

Sandy  Ridge p.T. 

Sandy  Ridge tp. 

Sandy  Run -tp. 

Sandy  Run tp. 

Sandy  Spring p.b. 

Sandyston tp. 

Sandy  Valley -p.h. 

Sandy  Valley t. 

Sandy  ville p.h. 

Sandy  ville p.T. 

Sandywood tp. 

Sanel tp. 

San  Elizario v. 

San  Felipe p.T. 

San  Fernando p.tp. 

Sanford h. 

Sanford tp. 

Sanford p.v. 

Sanford p.tp. 

Sanford p.v. 

San  Francisco c. 

San  Francisco tp. 

San  Francisco v. 

San  Gabriel p.tp. 

Sangamon tp. 

Sangerfleld p.tp, 

Sangerville tp. 

Sangerville -p.v. 

San  Gregorio p.b. 

San  Iguacio v. 

Sanilac tp. 

San  Jacinto p.tp. 

San  Joaquin tp. 

San  Joaquin tp. 

San  Jos6 v. 

San  Jo86 tp. 

San  Jo86 tp. 

San  Jo86 tp. 

San  Josd c. 

San  Jos6 p.v. 

San  Job6 v. 

San  Jo84 h. 

San  Jos6  Mission... T. 

San  Juan tp. 

San  Juan p.T. 

San  Juan  Capistrano.v. 

San  Leandro p.v. 

San  Lorenzo p.T. 

San  Lorenzo v. 

San  Luis -p.v. 

San  Luis  Obispo. ...tp. 
San  Luis  Obispo... .p.v. 

San  Luis  Bey p.tp. 

San  Marcos p.v. 

San  Mateo p.v. 

San  Mateo p.v. 

San  Miguel p.h. 

Sannemin p.tp. 

Sannes tp. 

San  Pasqual tp. 

San  Patricio p.v. 

San  Pierre p.v. 

San  Rafael tp. 

San  Rafael p.v. 

San  Ramon p.b. 

San  Raphael h. 

San  Saba p.v. 

San  Simeon P-tp. 

Santa  Ana tp. 

Santa  Ana p.v. 

Santa  Anna tp. 

Santa  Barbara. c. 


Oonnty, 


Kent- „ 

Union 

Cumberland 

Oswego.- 

Oswego.- 

Franklin 

Warren- 

Alleghany.,,,..-, 

Mercer 

Venango 

Clarendon- 

Washington 

Fairfield 

Washington- 

Aitkin 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Buncombe 

Madison 

Lowndes 

Union 

Cleveland- 

Lexington 

Montgomery 

Sussex 

Jefferson 

Luzerne 

Warren- 

Tuscarawas- 

Scott 

Mendocino 

El  Paso 

Austin 

Los  Angeles- 

Pinal 

York 

York 

Broome- 

Moore 

San  Francisco  -,. 

Carver 

Bernalillo 

Los  Angeles 

Piatt 

Oneida 

Piscataquis 

Plscatatjuis 

San  Mateo 

Bernalillo 

Sanilac 

San  Diego 

Sacramento 

Stanislaus 

Pima 

Los  Angeles 

San  Luia  Obispo . 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Clara 

Mason 

San  Miguel 

Bexar- 

Alameda 

San  Benito 

San  Benito 

Los  Angeles 

Alameda 

Alameda 

Grant 

Costilla 

San  Luis  Obijpo . 
San  Luis  Obispo . 

San  Diego 

Hays 

San  Mateo , 

Valencia 

Ouray 

Livingston 

Yellow  Medicine. 

San  Diego 

San  Patricio 

Starke 

Marin 

Marin 

Contra  Costa 

Conejos 

San  Saba 

San  Luis  Obispo .. 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

De  Witt 

Santa  Barbara 


SUt«. 


Md 

Iowa.,, 

Me 

N.  Y-., 
N.Y-.. 
N.  0-.. 
N.  C-.. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

S.  0..... 
N.  Y-,. 
Conn.,, 

Md 

Minu,, 

Pa. 

Pa 

N,  C-., 
N,  C... 

Ala 

N.  C... 
N.  C  — 

S.  C 

Md ,..., 
N.  J-„ 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Iowa.., 
Ohio-... 

Mo 

Cal 

Tex 

Tex...., 

Cal 

Arizona 

Me.,. 

Me,. 

N.Y. 

N.G. 

Cal- 

Minn  ,- 

N,Mex, 

Cal. 

Ill 

N.Y 

Me... 

Me,. 

Cal,.. 

N.  Mex. 

Mich,,, 

Cal .,.,. 

Cal 

Cal 

Arizona 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal , 

111 

N,  Mex 

Tex 

Cal 

Cal . 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

N.Mex. 

Col 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex 

Cal 

N.  Mex, 

Col 

Ill 

Minn  .„ 

Cal 

Tex 

Ind...... 

Cal 

Cal . 

Cal 

Col 

Tex 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

111-. 

Cal ...... 


Popalation. 


1870.      1880, 


328 

2,629 

986 

1,453 

2,753 


734 
1,391 

317 
2,347 


1,028 
428 
894 
458 


1,690 

1,191 

643 


227 
777 
871 
1,120 
238 


2,397 
3,249 


149,473 
754 


436 
1,380 
2,513 
1,140 


1,988 

92 

1,073 

1,015 


474 


12,509 
9,089 


426 


1,579 


335 
742 


974 
'275 


2,695 
841 


168 
1,111 
1,445 


1,276 


157 

611 

150 

2,878 

951 

2,064 

3,489 

86 

745 

804 

402 

2,487 

840 

373 

34 

1,097 

730 

1.176 

614 

168 

2,619 

1,612 

1,301 

60 

1,196 

77 

386 

86 

239 

879 

746 

910 

166 

1,306 

3S 

2,734 

658 

3,496 

236 

233,959 

736 

130 

1,517 

1,668 

3,171 

1,047 

146 

26 

152 

2,467 

625 

1,236 

498 

186 

1,170 

872 

18,103 

12,567 

322 

277 

67 

246 

906 

484 

376 

1,369 

158 

284 

341 

3,764 

2,243 

708 

1,232 

932 

311 

75 

1,268 

426 

342 

238 

265 

6,202 

2J276 

75 

90 

598 

1,860 

8,024 

711 

2,146 

3,460 


382 


'  Since  1870,  aiva  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlM*. 


Santa  Clara. tp. 

Santa  Clara p.T. 

Sauta  Cms c. 

Santa  Cruz ,....p.T. 

Santa  F6 tp. 

Santa  F6 p.h. 

Sauta  ¥6 ~p.b. 

Santa  F6.„ c. 

Sauta  F6 p.T. 

Santa  Monica p.T. 

Sauta  Paula p.T. 

Santa  Rosa. >.tp. 

Sauta  Bosa p.T. 

Santee tp. 

Santee tp. 

Santee  Agency p.T. 

Santiago p.tp, 

Sautuck p.tp. 

Sapello p.T. 

Sappiugton p.T. 

Sarah  Furnace h. 

SarahHv{Ile.~ p.T. 

Sarauac p.T. 

Sarauac p.tp. 

Saranac  Lake p.T. 

Saratoga p.T. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga p.tp. 

Saratoga p.T. 

Saratoga p.tp. 

Saratoga p.h. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga p.T. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga p.h. 

Saratoga p.tp 

Saratoga  Springs... tp. 
Saratoga  Springy. ..p.T. 

Sarcoxie  1 tp. 

Sarcoxie tp. 

Sarcoxie p.v. 

Sardinia p.T. 

Sardi  oia tp. 

Sardinia p.T. 

Sardinia p.T. 

Sardis p.T. 

Sardia m. p.T. 

Sardia p.v. 

Sargeant tp. 

Sargeant ...p.tp. 

Sarpy  Centre p.h. 

SarversTille- p.h. 

Saatiafraa p.v. 

Sassafras  Fork p.tp. 

Saticoy„ p.tp. 

Satucket t. 

Saucelito... tp. 

Saucelito.« p.T. 

Saugatack tp. 

Saugatuck p.T. 

Saugortiea tp. 

Saugertiea p.T. 

Saugua tp. 

Saugus- p.T. 

Sauk  Centre p.T. 

Sauk  Centre tp. 

Sauk  City h. 

Sauk  City p.T. 

Sauk  Rapida tp. 

Sauk  Kapida p.r. 

Saukville tp. 

SaukTille p.T. 

Saulsbury p.T. 

Saul's  Cross  Boads.h. 

SauUton tp. 

Sautt  Sainte  Marie.tp. 
Sault  Sainte  Marie.p.v. 

Saundersville p.T. 

Sau  ndersTille p.h. 

Siiuratown p.tp. 

Savage p.T. 

Savannah e. 

SaTannah tp. 

SaTannah p.T. 

^SaTannah p.v. 

IflftTannah tp. 

((SaTannah p.v. 

|8aTannah tp. 

EiTannah p.T. 

KTannah .......tp. 


County. 

SUte. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Cal 

Cal 

3,469 

4,785 

2,416 

Cal 

N.  Hex. 

Ill 

Ind 

2^61 

3,898 
196 

Clinton..... 

613 

626 

>lianii 

92 

Mo 

77 

Santa  F6 « 

M.  Hex. 

4,766 

6,636 

166 

Lob  Angeles 

Ga\ 

417 

Cal 

188 

Cal 

Cal 

2,898 

5,761 

3,616 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Neb 

977 
2,671 

1,751 

Georgetown 

2,732 
126 

Minn ... 

S.  0 

N.  Mex. 

156 
1,879 

243 

2,676 

182 

Mo 

110 

Pa. 

32 

Noble 

Ohio..... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y_... 
Cal 

256 

724 

3,802 

249 

877 

Clinton 

4,552 

Franklin 

191 

297 

Ill 

Ill 

led 

i,233 
1,163 

1,133 

Marshall 

1,020 

136 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn... 
N.  Y..... 
N.  0„... 
N.  C 

104 

"T,058 

"'4*052 
1,108 

567 

Pratt 

43 

907 

186 

4,539 

Wilson 

1,434 

Wilson 

81 

Wood 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Kan..... 

Mo 

Mo 

300 
8,537 
7,616 
1,876 
1,983 

316 

10,820 

8,421 

716 

1,645 

341 

Ind 

140 

Brie 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,704 

1,767 

272 

Brown 

Ohio .... 

283 

Ky 

Miss 

Ohio 

Ill 

Minn  ... 
Neb 

149 

170 

1,036 

224 

986 

266 

1,162 

624 

43 

Butler 

Pa.  

37 

Md 

200 

N.  C 

Cal 

1,869 

1,983 

1,680 

Plymouth 

Mass.... 

Cal 

Cal 

731 

158 

Marin 

1,372 

476 

Allegan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 

2,538 
1,026 
10,466 
3,731 
2,247 

2,220 

794 

Ulster 

10,375 

Ulster 

3,923 

2,625 

1,006 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 
Wash... 
Wis 

""  1,166 

1,201 

398 

48 

Sauk 

917 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

444 
*i',930 

698 

Benton _... 

698 
1,941 

295 

Tenn  ... 

N.  C 

188 

75 

IN.C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

1,119 
1,213 

1,611 

4,2:J3 

1,947 

Mass.... 

642 

98 

Stokea 

N.  C 

Md 

1,117 

1,816 

164 

Chatham 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

8.0 

28,2:« 

1,236 

971 

1,267 

1,933 

MS 

394 
1,0«7 

30,709 

Carroll 

1,276 

Carroll 

1,000 

1,206 

Wayne 

1,867 

Wayne 

418 

694 

342 

1,604 

Place. 


Coanty. 


SaTannah p.T 

Saverton p.tp. 

Saville tp. 

Savona p.T. 

Savoy p.tp, 

Savoy p.T. 

Sawyer's  Bar p.h. 

Sawyer's  Mills t. 

Saxeubnrg p.b. 

Sax  ton p.b. 

Sax  ton's  BiTer p.T. 

Saxville tp. 

Saxville p.h. 

Saybrook p.tp. 

Saybrook p.v. 

Saybrook „p.tp. 

Saylor tp. 

SaylorsviUe p.T. 

Sayre p.T. 

Sayreville tp. 

Sayreville p.v. 

Sayville p.T. 

Scabtown h. 

Scales  Mound tp. 

Scales  Mound „p.v. 

Scambler tp. 

Scandia tp. 

Scaudia. p.v. 

ScandinaTia tp. 

Scandinavia p.h. 

Scarborough «p.tp. 

Scarsdale p.tp. 

Schaghticoke. ~tp. 

Schell  City >p.T. 

Schellsburg p.b. 

Schenectady c. 

Scherersville h. 

SchleisingervilIe....p.T. 

Scbleswig tp. 

Schluersburg p.h. 

Schnecksville p.v. 

Scbnellville p.h. 

Schochoh p.h. 

Schodack .....tp. 

Schodack  Landing.p.T. 

Schoenerton b. 

Schoharie tp. 

Schoharie p.T. 

Schollville v. 

Schoolcraft tp. 

Schoolcraft _tp. 

Schoolcraft  - p.v. 

Schraalenburg p.T. 

Schroeppel tp. 

Schroon tp. 

Schroon  Lake p.T. 

Schueyville„ p.h. 

Schuleuburg p.T. 

Schultz » tp. 

Schultzville p.v. 

Schuyler -p.T. 

Schuyler.- tp. 

Schuyler's  Falls. ...p.tp. 
Schuyler's  Lake-... p.T. 

Schuylei'sville p.v. 

Schuylkill p.tp 

Schuylkill* tp. 

Schuylkill  HaTen..p.b. 

Schwenksville p.v. 

Scio p.tp 

Scio tp. 

Scio p.v. 

Scio p.v. 

Scio ..p.T. 

Sciota tp. 

Sciota p.T. 

Sciota tp. 

Sciota ....tp. 

Sc'ota p.T. 

Scioto tp. 

Scioto tp. 

Scioto ....tp. 

Scioto tp. 

Scioto tp. 

SciotoTllle p.T. 

Soipio tp. 

Scipio p.T. 

Scipio tp. 

Scipio tp. 

Scipio tp. 

Scipio ....p.T. 


Hardin -.. 

Balls _.. 

Perry 

Steuben 

Berkshire 

Fannin 

Siskiyou 

Worcester. 

Butler 

Bedford 

Windham 

Waushara. 

Waushara....... 

Middlesex 

McLean 

Ashtabula 

Polk 

Polk 

Bradford 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Sufifolk 

Menard 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Otter  Tail 

Republic 

Republic 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Cumberland- 

Westchester- 

Rensselaer. 

Vernon— 

Bedford 

Schenectady- 

Lehigh 

Washington 

Manitowoc ......... 

St.  Charles 

Lehigh-. 

Dubois 

Logan , 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer ........ 

Northampton  -.... 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Clarke  

Hungbton- 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Bergen 

Oswego- , 

Essex 

Essex  _ 

Green 

Fayette  - 

Aiken 

Lackawanna 

Colfax 

Herkimer 

Clinton.- 

Otsego 

Saratoga 

Cheater , 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Montgomery....... 

Washtenaw-. 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Harrison , 

Linn 

McDonough- , 

McDouough- 

Shiawassee 

Dakota 

Clinton 

Delaware , 

Jackson 

Pickaway.- 

Pike 

Ross 

Scioti) ......*.. 

Allen 

Jennings , 

La  Porte 

Hillsdale 

Cayuga— , 

Cayuga 


8Ut«. 


PopaUtk>n. 


1870.     1880. 


Tenn. 
Ho.... 
Pa..... 
N.  Y- 
Mass .... 
Tex, 

Cal 

Mass .... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis.-... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.  J. 

N.  Y 

Tex.-... 

lU 

Ill 

Minn... 

Kan 

Kan 

Wis 

Wis 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Pa 

N.  T 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind„.... 

Ky 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y..., 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ky..... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  J.-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 

Wis 

Tex-... 
S.  0.-.. 

Pa. 

Neb 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

N.  Y- 

N.  Y- 

Ohio„, 

Oregon. 

III.. 

III.. 

Mich.... 

Minn .. 

N.  Y-.. 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio.... 

Ohio-.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y..... 


828 
1,699 
1,693 


861 


296 
318 


746 


1,267 

389 

1,421 

1,007 


748 


1,066 


1,692 

617 

3,126 


342 


1,718 


4,442 


3,207 
1,200 


2,136 
932 

'3,987 
1,899 


1,668 
1,684 

'i',367 
1,693 
1,840 
2,940 


2,496 
1,662 


1,138 


1,270 
328 


1,642 

1,606 

1,646 

772 

2,318 

480 

420 


866 
1,107 
2,070 


1,006 

1.488 

1,743 
447 
715 
:S48 
88 
178 
319 
369 
591 
719 
46 

1,362 
734 

1,384 
878 
161 
729 

1,930 
736 

1,689 

86 

808 

31 1 

375 

1,139 

673 

987 

94 

1,847 
614 

3,691 

676 

369 

13,666 

66 

368 

2,069 

28 

160 

80 

6:} 

4,319 
401 
63 

8,360 

1,18S 
118 

2,645 

2,284 
961 
60T 

3,381 

1,731 

324 

78 

71» 

2,442 
119 

1,017 

1,452 

1,640 
266 

1,617 

1,416 
521 

3,062 
303 

2,291 

1,665 
419 
609 
193 

1,601 
349 

1,666 
27e 
228 

1,667 

1,679 

2y'i10 

921 
1,761 
671 
614 
200 
746 

ijan 

8,008 
141 


1  In  1871,  !>art  to  Rural. 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Walker. 


883 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


8clpio 

Scipio ~ 

ScipioTille 

8cituate_ 

Scituate 

Scituate 

Scituate  Centre.. 

Scobeyvllle 

8cofleld„ , 

Scotch  BuBh 

Scotch  Grove..... 

Scotch  Hill 

Scotch  Hill , 

Scotch  Irish 

Scotia 

Scotland 

Scotland ».... 

Scotland 

Scotland 

Scotland 

Scotland 

Scotland  Neck^.. 

Scott 

Scott - 

Scott 

Scott „ 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

8cott....,„ 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott , 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott „ 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott , 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott 

Scott „ 

Scottdale 

Scott  Land 

Scott  River 

Scott's , 

Scottsborough.... 

Scottsburg 

Scottsbnrg 

Scottsbarg 

Scott's  Creek 

gcottsville 

Scottsville 

Scottsvllle 

Scottsville 

Scottsville 

Scottsville 

Scott  "Valley 

Scottville , 

Scottville 

Scrabble 

Scranton 

Scranton 

Scranton 

Scranton  

Scranton 

Scranton 

Scriba 

Bcribner 

Scrub  Grass , 

Scrub  Grass 

BcufBotown 


..tp. 

..tp. 

...p.v. 

,..tp. 

...p.v, 

...tp. 

...p.v. 

...p.h. 

...p.Y. 
...p.h. 
...p.tp. 
...p.h. 
...V. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 
,..tp. 

...p.v. 

...p.Y. 

,..tp. 

..p.T. 

...p.v. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...p.tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

..tp. 

...p.T. 

,..tp. 

,..tp. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...p.tp, 

,..tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.tp. 

...p.b. 

...p.T. 

...p.tp, 

,..p.h. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

,..p.h. 

...p.h. 

..p.tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.h. 

...p.T. 

...p.h. 

...p.T. 

...p.T, 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...h. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.v. 


..p.T. 

..p.h. 

..p.tp 

..p.T. 

,.tp. 

..T. 

.p.tp. 


Meigs 

Seneca 

Cayuga. 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Providence 

Plymouth 

Monmouth ».. 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Jones 

Clarion 

Northumberland . 

Bowan 

Schenectady 

Windham 

"Windham 

Bonhomme 

McDonough 

Greene 

Franklin 

Halifax 

Champaign........ 

Ogle 

Harrison 

Kosciusko 

Montgomery 

Steuben 

Yanderburg 

Bnena  Vista 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Johnson 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Montgomery , 

Poweshiek 

Bourbon 

Lincoln  

Linn 

Stevens 

Taney 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Adams 

Brown 

Marion 

Sandusky  

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Lackawanna 

Lawrence 

Wayne 

Brown 

Columbia. , 

Crawford , 

Sheboygan , 

Westmoreland .... 

Edgar 

Siskiyou 

Kalamazoo 

Jackson , 

Scott , 

Douglas 

Halifax , 

Jackson.. , 

Floyd 

Mitchell 

Allen 

Sullivan , 

Monroe 

Albemarle 

Siskiyou 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Anne  Arundel..... 

Greene 

Osage 

Jackson 

Lackawanna 

Williamsburg , 

Wood , 

Oswego 

Dodge 

Venango 

Venango 

Laurens 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  T 

Mass 

Mass.... 

E.  I , 

Mass.... 
N.  J.-.., 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Iowa. ... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  0...., 
N.  Y.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Dak...> 

III 

Ind , 

Pa , 

N.  0..~. 

Ill , 

111 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind...... 

Ind , 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa .... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Kan ..... 
Kan .... 
Kan..... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.Y 

N.  Y-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio. .., 

Ohio 

Ohio„.., 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa , 

111 , 

Cal 

Mich..., 

Ala 

Ind 

Oregon, 

Va 

N.  0.„.., 

Ind 

Kan 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Va 

Cal 

Ill 

HI 

Md 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Miss.... 

Pa 

S.C 

Wis  .„.., 

N.  Y 

Neb 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 


1,761 
1,035 


2,360 
3,846 


120 


1,469 


1,162 


765 

829 

996 

700 

1,111 

1,024 

1,677 


337 
196 


1,277 
270 

1,113 
964 

1,229 

1,103 


612 
1,729 


1,306 


654 
1,083 


1,409 

1,070 

495 

1,274 

1,807 

1,465 

1,132 

902 

817 

1,385 

832 

800 

1,448 


446 
"367 


629 

*217 


388 
1,259 


35,092 


3,065 
""997 
'i*,797 


1,720 

1.836 

128 

2,466 

787 

3,810 

346 

50 

191 

95 

778 

84 

837 

l,6a5 

222 

590 

114 

150 

1,247 

149 

223 

482 

1,031 

1,002 

1,0.34 

786 

1,289 

1,154 

1,676 

239 

621 

670 

63 

1,577 

734 

1,314 

897 

1,103 

1,049 

1,139 

821 

2,316 

412 

1,427 

202 

742 

980 

117 

1,192 

1,224 

553 

1,462 

1,532 

1,347 

1,263 

985 

1,097 

1,362 

830 

1,046 

1,584 

1,275 

127 

625 

46 

722 

454 

63 

87 

621 

150 

95 

395 

88 

784 

465 

1,578 

1,523 

284 

97 

1,007 

835 

1,052 

45,850 

124 

48 

2,971 

193 

1,503 

135 

2,060 


Place. 


Scuppemong ...tp. 

Scuppemong p.tp. 

Seabeck p.T. 

Seaboard tp. 

Seaboard p.T. 

Seabright ........p.T. 

Seabrook p.tp. 

Seabrook  l8land....isl. 

Sea  Cliff p.T. 

Seaford hnd. 

Seaford p.v. 

Seal tp. 

Seale _p.v. 

Sealy „ p.h. 

Seapo p.h. 

Searcy p.v. 

Sears „ _.tp. 

Sears p.h. 

Searsborough p.v. 

Searsburg p.h. 

Searsburg p.tp. 

Soarsmont p.tp. 

SearHport p.tp. 

Seattle c. 

Sebugo p.tp. 

Sebago  Lake p.T. 

Sebastopol T. 

Sebastopol p.T. 

Sebastopol T. 

Sebec tp. 

Sebec p.T. 

Sebewa > p.tp, 

Sebewaing tp. 

Sebewaing p.T. 

Sebree p.T. 

Secor p.T. 

Sedalia p.T. 

Sedalia -c. 

Sedalia ~tp. 

Sedan tp. 

Sedan p.T. 

Seddon t. 

Sedgwick -tp. 

Sedgwick p.T. 

Sedgwick tp. 

Sedgwick.. p.T. 

Seekonk -p.tp. 

Seely tp. 

Seely - tp. 

SeeleyTille h. 

Sefton tp. 

Sego p.h. 

Sejcuin- p.T. 

SeidersTille p.T. 

Seigfried's  Bridge.-p.T. 

Seisholtzviile p.h. 

Selby tp. 

Selbyville p.v. 

Selden p.h. 

Selin's  Grove p.b. 

Sellersbnrg. p.T. 

Sellersville p.b. 

Selma c. 

Selma p.v. 

Selma p.v. 

Selma ....tp. 

Selma tp. 

Selma tp. 

Selma p.r. 

Selma p.T. 

Selvin '. p.v. 

Seminary p.tp. 

Sempronius tp. 

Sempronius p.h. 

Senatobia p.v. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.v. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.v. 

Seneca p.tp, 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.v. 

Seneca* tp. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.v. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.h. 

Seneca tp. 


County. 


Tyrrell 

Washington.... 

Kitsap 

Northampton .. 
Northampton  .. 

Monmouth 

Bockingham... 

Charleston 

Queens 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Pike 

Bussell. .......... 

Austin 

Bepublio 

White- „.... 

Sierra 

Rock  Island..., 

Poweshiek 

Schuyler 

Bennington 

Waldo 

Waldo 

King 

Cumberland-.. 
Cumberland— 

NeTada. - 

Sonoma- 

Luzerne 

Piscataquis...., 

Piscataquis 

Ionia.- 

Huron...... 

Huron 

Webster. 

Woodford 

Clinton 1 

Pettis 

Pettis -.., 

Chautauqua..., 
Chautauqua.... 

Bland 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Hancock 

Hancock , 

Bristol 

Guthrie , 

Faribault'. 

Morgan- 

Fayette 

Perry 

Guadalupe 

Northampton., 
Northampton.. 

Berks 

Bureau 

Sussex 

Suffolk 

Snyder 

Clarke 

Bucks 

Dallas 

Drew 

Delaware , 

Wexford 

Cottonwood 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Clark.- 

Warrick 

Fayette 

Cayuga 

Cayuga.- 

Tate , 

Plumas -., 

La  Salle , 

McHenry , 

Nemaha. , 

Lenawee 

Newton- 

Newton 

Ontario.- 

Monroe 

Noble 

Seneca 

Oconee 

Oconee , 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Green  Lake 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


N.  C 

N.  C 

Wash-.. 

N.  C 

N.  0.-... 

N.J 

N.H 

S.  C 

N.  Y 

Del 

Del 

Ohio 

Ala,.-... 
Tex.-... 

Kan 

Ark 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y...., 

Vt 

Me 

Me 

Wash... 

Me 

Me , 

Cal , 

CaL , 

Pa 

Me , 

Me , 

Mich.... 
Mich..., 
Mich.,.. 

Ky 

HI 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo , 

Kan  -.. 
Kan-., 

Va 

Kan-., 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mass-.. 
Iowa.... 
Minn ., 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ohio.... 

Tex 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Del 

N.  Y..., 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ala 

Ark 

Ind 

Mich.,. 
Minn ... 
N.  C-. 
N.  C... 
Ohio., 
Ind... 

Ill 

N.  Y„ 
N.  Y- 
Miss.. 
Cal ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan- 
Mich. 
Mo.... 
Mo..., 
N.Y.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio. 
S.  C... 
S.C... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis... 


1,121 
1,561 


1,676 
'i',669 


1,304 
1,461 


874 
768 


235 
1,418 
2,282 
1,107 

803 


964 


1,139 

907 


407 
4^660 


1,113 
"i*,021 
'"266 


1,227 

33 

988 


1,497 
*i*,463 
'6,484 


1,167 


920 
1,166 


400 

691 

1,027 


2,396 


285 
9,188 
1,242 

982 
1,583 
2,313 


1,233 
""414 


384 


t  In  1872,  part  to  Geneva. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUce. 


Seneca....... ...tp. 

Seneca...... ...tp. 

Seneca  Castle p.T, 

Seneca  Falls tp. 

Seneca  Falls .^.p.T, 

Seneca  Hill ▼. 

SenecaTille -.p.r. 

Seney p.h 

Sennet p.tp. 

Senoia p.y. 

Serbin p.h. 

Serena .......tp. 

Serena p.T. 

Sergeant tp. 

Sergeant  Bluffs p.T. 

SergeantsYille p.T. 

Setauket p.v. 

Settler tp. 

Settleton t. 

Sevastopol p.T. 

Sevastopol t. 

Sevastopol p.v. 

Sevastopol p.tp. 

Seven  Hickory tp. 

Seven  Mile p.T. 

Seven  Mile  Creek.. tp. 

Seventy-first tp. 

8eventy.six tp. 

Seventy-six tp. 

Seventy-six ;.....tp. 

Severance p.v. 

Severance tp. 

Sevienrllle p.v. 

Seville p.h. 

Seville „.p.tp, 

Seville p.v. 

Seward tp. 

Seward ......tp. 

Seward tp. 

Seward p.tp. 

Seward tp. 

Seward ......p.v. 

Seward ......tp. 

Seward ......p.T. 

Sewell  Depot p.T. 

SewellBville p.v. 

Sewickley p.b. 

Sewickley tp. 

Sewickley tp. 

SextonsTille v. 

Sextonville p.h. 

Seybertsville h. 

Seymour t. 

Seymour tp. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour p.h. 

Seymour „,.c. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour tp. 

Seymour tp. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour tp. 

Shabbona tp. 

Shabbona p.T. 

Shabonier p.T. 

Shade tp. 

Shade  Gap p.b. 

Shadeville p.T. 

Shadyside t. 

Shaefferstown p.T. 

Shaefferstown h. 

Shafer p.tp. 

Shafton p.v. 

Shafton v. 

Shaftsburg p.v. 

Bhaftsbury p.tp. 

Shailerville v. 

Sfaakerag h. 

Shakerag T. 

Shakers p.T. 

Shaker  Village t. 

Shaker  Village h. 

Shaker  Village p.T. 

Shakopee .c. 

Shaler tp. 

ShalersviUe p.tp, 

Shallotte p.tp. 

Shamburg p.v. 

Shamokln p.b. 

Shamokin tp. 

Sbamokin  Dam p.y. 

Shamong tp. 


County. 


Shawano 

Wood 

Ontario 

Seneca m. 

Seneca 

Oswego 

Guernsey 

Plymouth 

Cayuga. 

Coweta 

Lee 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

McKean 

Woodbury 

Hunterdon 

Suffolk 

Sioux 

St.  Francois 

Kosciusko 

Wayne 

Polk 

Door 

Coles 

Butler 

Jun'eau 

Cumberland 

Muscatine 

Washington 

Sumner 

Doniphan 

Sibley , 

Sevier 

Fulton 

Gratiot 

Medina 

Kendall 

Winnebago 

Kosciusko 

Stafford 

Nobles 

Seward 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Fayette 

Belmont 

Alleghany , 

Alleghany , 

Westmoreland. ... 

Baltimore 

Bichland 

Luzerne , 

Maricopa 

New  Haven , 

New  Haven , 

Chtunpaign „. 

Jackson 

Wayne , 

Baylor , 

Eau  Claire 

Lafayette , 

Outagamie , 

Outagamie 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Somerset 

Huntingdon„ 

Franklin 

Bergen , 

Lebanon 

Berks , 

Chisago 

Randolph 

Westmoreland.... 

Shiawassee 

Bennington 

Middleeex 

Nicholas 

Bath 

Albany 

York 

Berkshire , 

Merrimac 

Scott 

Alleghany 

Portage 

Brunswick 

Venango 

Northumberland. 
Northu  mberland. 

Snyder 

Burlington 


SUte. 


Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y>... 
N.  Y — 
N.  Y-... 
Ohio-... 
Iowa.... 
N.  Y — 

Ga» 

Tex 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y — 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Tenn  ... 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Minn... 

Neb. 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

W.  Va.. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Md 

Wis 

Pa 

Arizona 

Conn. 

Conn. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Tex... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa..... 

Pa. 

Ohio.. 
N.  J- 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn 
Mo .... 

Pa. 

Mich. 

Vt 

Conn. 

Ky 

Va..... 
N.Y-. 
Me .... 
Mass.. 
N.  H.. 
Minn 

Pa 

Ohio.., 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J..., 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


293 


6,860 
6,890 


376 
*i',748 


1,076 
119 


326 

1,402 

229 

825 

1,884 

959 

449 


166 
169 


675 
697 
944 
997 
1,363 


1,765 


84 

1,472 

443 

2,372 


2,122 
2,372 


419 


251 
1,206 


1,287 
'"l24 


2,027 


1,349 

1,473 

977 

1,036 


4,320 
2,282 


1,149 


346 
667 
149 

6,863 

6,880 

107 

402 

71 

1,644 
731 
46 

1,077 
108 
922 
167 
139 
492 
187 
197 
151 
938 
364 
866 

1,411 
251 
785 

3,236 
833 
873 
419 
375 
331 
253 
64 

1,216 
589 

1,012 

1,111 

1,421 
390 
226 

1,525 

1,734 
141 
323 
113 

2,063 
392 

3,457 

120 

61 

69 

258 

2,318 

1,825 
82 

4,250 
601 
183 
616 
898 
860 
762 

1,432 
399 
154 

1,287 
170 
146 
432 
574 
83 
680 
147 
343 
104 

1,887 

158 

82 

116 

139 

66 

36 

169 

2,011 

1,929 
960 

1,630 
484 

8,184 

2,218 
307 

1,097 


Place. 


Shamrock t, 

Shandaken -.p.tp. 

Shane's  Crossing  ...p.T. 

ShanesTille p.T. 

Shannock  Mills p.T. 

Shannon tp. 

Shannon p.T. 

Shannon tp. 

Shannon tp. 

Shannon p.T. 

Shannon h. 

Shannondale p.T. 

Shannondale p.h. 

Shanty  Row v. 

Shapleigh tp. 

Shapleigh p.h. 

Sharon p.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon h. 

Sharon —tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.tp. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon -.p.T. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.T. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.b. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.T. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon p.T. 

Sharon  Centre p.T. 

Sharon  Centre p.h. 

Sharon  Springs p.T. 

Sharonville -p.T. 

Sharonville v. 

Sharpe's tp. 

Sharpsburg p.v. 

Sharpsburg p.h. 

Sharpsburg p.T. 

Sharpsburg p.T. 

Sharpsburg -tp. 

Sharpsburg p.b. 

Sharpsburg t. 

Sharpsburg p.h. 

Sharp's  Creek p.tp, 

Sharpsville p.v. 

Sharpsville p.b. 

Sharptown p.v. 

Sharptown p.v. 

Shartlesville p.v. 

Shaskatan tp. 

Shasta p.v. 

Shattuckville h. 

Shaumburg p.tp. 

Shaw tp. 

Shaw tp. 

Shawangunk p.tp. 

Shawano - p.v. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee p.tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee p.T. 

Shawneehaw tp. 

Shawneetown p.T. 

Shawneetown p.h. 

Shaw's  Flat t. 

Shaw's  Hill T. 

Shaw's  Point tp. 

Shawswick tp. 

Sheakleyville p.b. 

Sheboygan c. 

Sheboygan tp. 

Sheboygan  Falls  ...tp. 
Sheboygan  Falls  ...p.v. 

Shedd's p.h. 

Sheepecot  Bridge...p.T. 


Connty. 


Berks 

Ulster 

Mercer 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Atchison 

Pottawatomie 

Lee 

Muskingum 

Montgomery 

Clarion 

Schuylkill 

York 

York 

Litchfield 

Fayette 

Carroll 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Clinton- 

Johnson 

Norfolk 

Washtenaw 

Le  Sueur 

MadiKon 

Hillsborongh 

Schoharie 

Mecklenburg 

Franklin 

Medina. 

Noble 

Noble 

Richland 

Slercer 

Potter. 

Windsor. 

Windsor 

Portage 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Medina 

Potter 

Schoharie 

Hamilton 

Pike 

Alexander 

Coweta. 

Christian- 

Bath 

Washington 

Iredell 

Alleghany 

Blair 

San  Patricio 

McPherson 

Tipton 

Mercer 

Wicomico , 

Salem 

Berks 

Lincoln , 

Shasta 

Saginaw 

Cook 

Aiken , 

Edgefield.- 

Ulster 

Shawano 

Fountain , 

Cherokee 

Johnson 

Wyandotte 

Bates 

Cape  Girardeau... 

Henry 

Allen 

Perry 

Watauga 

Gallatin 

Cape  Girardeau... 

Tuolumne 

Miflain 

Macoupin 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Sheboygan 

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Linp 

Lincoln...- 


State. 


Pa-.. 
N.Y. 

Ohio-... 
Ohio- 
B.  I.- 

ni 

Ill 

Kan.. 
Kan- 
Miss- 
Ohio- 
Ind... 

Pa 

Pa 

Me.... 
Me..., 
Conn. 

Ill 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 

Miss-... 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt- 

Wla 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

N.  Y..... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

N.  C-... 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ky 

Md 

N.  C-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tex-.... 

Kan 

Ind 

Pa. 

Md 

N.J 

Pa. 

Minn ... 

Cat 

Mich.... 

Ill 

S.  C.-... 
S.  C-.... 
N.  Y-... 
Wis .-... 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan ..... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  0-... 

Ill 

Mo 

Cal 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Wis . 

Oregon. 
Me 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


2,761 
246 
360 

"i^ioij 

636 

1,301 

812 


44 


1,087 


2,441 
1,663 


661 


1,162 
1,120 
1,608 
1,087 
924 


182 
2,648 
2,197 
1,480 
1,131 
1^7 


2,762 

4,221 

068 

1,013 


948 
1,866 


620 


319 
1,001 

947 
2,176 


199 


931 


2,823 


867 

894 

2,461 

1,243 


1,676 
T,169 


2,680 
278 
6,310 
1,403 
1,049 
1,174 


135 

2,82> 

404 

368 

162 

1,193 

713 

1,816 

921 

232 

39 

116 

92 

266 

1,128 

46 

2,680 

1,789 

35 

609 

219 

1,164 

1,169 

1,492 

1,161 

1,202 

184 

203 

2,591 

2,048 

1,621 

1,196 

1,221 

204 

2,981 

6,684 

1,066 

1,012 

133 

1,639 

1,966 

667 

124 

S6 

627 

469 

173 

982 

110 

67 

356 

1,260 

1,134 

3,466 

132 

33 

637 

280 

1,824 

411 

268 

212 

163 

448 

46 

964 

1,170 

1,669 

2,910 

890 

1,09« 

995 

2,477 

2,377 

809 

2,200 

1,104 

1,241 

2,770 

463 

1,861 

71 

138 

147 

967 

8,966 

228 

7,314 

1,618 

1,810 

1,148 

65 

14f 


385 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Pl«c«. 


SheflSeld .^ p.T. 

Sheffield ....p.T, 

Sheffield tp. 

Sheffield p.T. 

Sheffield tp. 

Sheffield p.T 

Sheffield tp. 

Sheffield p.tp. 

Sheffield tp. 

Sheffield p.T. 

Sheffield p.tp, 

Shelbina p.T. 

Shelburn p.T. 

Shelbume p.tp. 

Shelbume tp. 

Shelbume p.tp. 

Shelbume p.tp. 

Shelby tp. 

Shelby tp. 

Shelby... tp. 

8helby> tp. 

Shelby... p.T. 

Shelby... tp. 

Shelby... „ tp. 

Shelby.- p.h. 

Shelby tp. 

Shelby tp. 

Shelby.^ p.T. 

Shelby.- tp. 

Shelby.- p.T. 

Shelby p.T. 

Shelby.- p.tp. 

Shelby  aty p.v. 

Shelby  Iron  Works.p.T. 

Shelbyville c. 

ShelbyTille tp. 


ShelbyTille .... 
Shelby  ville.... 
Shelby  ville-.. 
ShelbyTille 


>...c. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 
..p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Sheldahl p.h. 

Sheldon p.T. 

Sheldon tp. 

Sheldon p.T. 

Sheldon p.T. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon tp. 

SbeldonTlUe p.T. 

Shell  Bock tp. 

Shell  Bock p.T. 

Shell  Rock _ p.tp. 

Shell  Rock tp. 

Shell  Rock t. 

Shellaburg p.T. 

Shelocts -p.b. 

Shelter  Island p.tp. 

Shelton t. 

Sholton tp. 

Shelton  Laurel. -...tp. 

Shely tp. 

Shenandoah p.T. 

Shenandoah i....p.h. 

Shenandoah p.b. 

ShenandoahrnWks.pT 

Shenango tp. 

Shenango tp. 

Sheuango p.T. 

ShepardsTille p.T. 

Shepherd - p.h. 

Shepherds  town p.h. 

Shepherdstown p.T. 

Shepherds  town p.T. 

ShepherdsTille p.T. 

Sherbom p.tp. 

Sherburne p.v. 

Sherburne p.v. 

Sherburne tp. 

Sherburne p.v. 

Sherburne p.tp, 

Sherburne  Quarter. v. 

Sheridan p.h. 

Sheridan p.v. 

Sheridan p.v. 

Sheridan .......p.v. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan.- p.v. 

Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan.- tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan,- tp. 

386 


Bureau 

Lake 

Tippecanoe.... 

Franklin 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Ashtabula. 

Lorain 

Warren 

Warren , 

Caledonia-...., 

Shelby , 

SulliTan 

Franklin , 

Lyon , 

Coos 

Chittenden... 

Jefferson 

Blpley 

Tippecanoe... 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Macomb 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Blue  Earth... 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Cleveland 

Cleveland.-.. 

Richland 

La  Crosse 

Boyle 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Bedford 

Story 

Allen 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

O'Brien - 

Houston 

Wyoming 

Beaufort 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Norfolk- 

Butler 

Butler 

Greenwood... 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Benton 

Indiana 

Suffolk 

Fairfield 

Knox 

Madison 

Polk 

Page 

Richland 

Schuylkill.... 

Page 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Clinton.- 

San  Jacinto.- 

Belmont 

Cumberland.. 

Jefferson 

Bullitt 

Middlesex.... 

Fleming 

Martin 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Rutland 

Chenango 

Grant 

Placer 

Pennington... 

La  Salle 

Logan 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

Cherokee 

Poweshiek.... 
Scott 


State. 


Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass..., 
Mass-.., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Pa ...... 

Pa 

Vt- 

Mo 

Ind 

Mass... 
Minn  .. 
N.  H... 

Vt 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
N.  T-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

N.C 

N.  C-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Ky 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

Tenn  .. 
Iowa... 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Minn  - 
N.  Y-.. 

8.  C 

Vt 

Wis 

Mass.., 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 

Kan 

Miun  .. 
Miun  ., 
Iowa.., 

Pa 

N.  Y-., 
Conn... 

Mo 

N.  C..„ 
Minn .. 
Iowa... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Va 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Mich... 

Tex 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

W.Va. 

Ky 

Mass— 

Ky 

Minn ., 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Vt 

N.  Y„.. 
Ark  .-. 

Cal 

Dak.-. 

Ill , 

111 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


771 
"i,699 
'2,635 


770 
973 
660 


811 
1,145 


1,582 

'25'9 
1,190 
1,890 
2,412 
1,395 


1,695 
657 


728 
3,366 


1,849 


1,807 
654 
223 


2,051 

1,' 
2,731 
2,180 
530 
1,719 


812 
231 


828 
2,268 
2,226 
1,697 

615 


1,142 


113 
646 


2,951 


1,748 
2,616 


1,389 
267 

1,062 
158 


2,927 
'462 


1,002 
"472 


658 
1,222 


906 

103 

1,644 

307 

2,204 

324 

688 

1,046 

1,424 

684 

884 

1,289 

387 

1,621 

140 

262 

l,(i9G 

1,749 

2,902 

1,487 

1,299 

449 

1,667 

1,496 

81 

882 

3,824 

162 

2,6(16 

990 

1,871 

796 

466 

667 

2,939 

1,165 

3,746 

2,393 

619 

1,869 

322 

166 

1,939 

947 

730 

856 

2,257 

5,466 

1,629 

794 

368 

1,524 

719 

459 

1,013 

206 

647 

121 

732 

1,362 

1,087 

979 

369 

1,387 

70 

10,147 

197 

2,040 

1,695 

160 

146 

39 

64 

136 

1,533 

299 

1,401 

177 

131 

3,128 

944 

450 

337 

42 

125 

142 

442 

948 

308 

720 

657 

747 

1,247 


Place. 


Connty. 


Sheridan-. tp. 

Sheridan- tp. 

Sheridan-. tp. 

Sheridan. tp. 

Sheridan.- tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan. tp. 

Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan p.v. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan.- p.T. 

Sheridan.- p.T. 

Sheridan— -..p.tp. 

Sheridan p.T. 

Sheridan.- tp. 

Sheridan.- tp. 

Slierksville  _ h. 

Sherman -....p.tp. 

Sherman -.tp. 

Sherman —p.h. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman. tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman— tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman— tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman.- p.tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman \p. 

Sherman.- tp. 

Sherman.- tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman— tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman.- tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman.- tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman p.T. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman p.T. 

Sherman p.v. 

Sherman c. 

Sherman.- tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman p.h. 

Sherman  City p.h. 

Sherman  Mills p.v. 

Shermansdale p.h. 

Sherrill p.tp. 

Sherrill's  Mount.. ..p.v. 

Sherwood p.h. 

Sherwood- tp. 

Sherwood- p.v. 

Sherwood p.v. 

Sherwood p.T. 

Sherwood  Forest.... tp. 

Shesheqain p.tp, 

Shetek tp. 

Shetek p.tp. 

Shiawassee tp. 

Shiawassee v. 

Shible tp. 

Shickshinny p.b. 

Shields tp. 

Shields v. 

Shields— tp. 

Shields tp. 

Shieldsville tp. 

ShieldsviUe p.T. 

Shillingford h. 

Shillington t. 

Shiloh tp. 

Shiloh p.T. 

Shiloh tp. 

Shiloh tp. 


State. 


Popolatioii. 


1870.      1880. 


Sioux  - Iowa..- 

Cherokee Kan  -... 

Cowley Kan-... 

Crawford Kan-... 

Ltnn Kan 

Ottawa Kao-..- 

Calhoun Mich..- 

Clare Mich.... 

Huron Mich.... 

Mecosta Mich.... 

Montcalm Micb..- 

Newaygo Mich..., 

Redwood Minn .., 

Daviess Mo 

Jasper Mo 

Madison Mon...., 

Nemaha Neb..-. 

Chautauqua N.  Y 

Yam  Hill.- Oregon. 

Colleton S.C 

Dunn Wis 

Lebanon Pa. 

Fairfield Conn.... 

Mason Ill 

Siingamon Ill 

Calhoun Iowa.... 

Hardin Iowa..- 

Jasper Iowa.... 

Monona Iowa.... 

Montgomery Iowa.-... 

Pocahontas Iowa.... 

Sioux Iowa.... 

Story Iowa.... 

Clay Kan 

Crawford Kan- 

Dickinson- Kan..... 

Leavenworth Kan 

Sedgwick Kan.-... 

Washington Kan  -.- 

Aroostook Me 

Huron Mich.... 

loBCo Mich.... 

Isabella. I  Mich.... 

Keweenaw I  Mich..- 

Mason --.   Mich.-. 

Newaygo Mich..- 

Osceola Mich. 


1,149 


1,042 
828 
798 

1,619 
87 
158 
134 


468 
111 
923 


St.  Joseph...., 

Redwo(xi 

Cass 

De  Kalh 

Harrison 

Putnam 

Chautauqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 

Huron 

Summit- 

Wayne 

Grayson 

Clark 

Dunn 

Sheboygan... 
Sheboygan ... 
Isabella. , 


Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Mo..... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
N.  Y.., 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Pa..-. 
Tex... 
Wis.- 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Mich. 


Aroostook. \  Me.. 

Perry 

Texas. 

Dubuque 

Talbot 

Branch.- 

Branch- 

Cayuga 

Defiance 

Clark 

Bradford 

Murray 

Barron 

Shiawassee., 
Shiawassee.. 


Pa. 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Md 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y..-. 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Swift I  Minn.- 

Pa. 

Ill 

Tenn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn  ... 
Minn 

Pa 

Pa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 


Luzerne.... 

Lake , 

Knox 

Dodge 

Marquette., 

Rice 

Rice 

Clearfield .. 

Berks 

Edgar 

St.  Clair.... 
Jefferson.... 
Grundy 


1,686 


1,121 
117 


846 
590 


646 

77 

1,007 

196 

295 


420 
952 
667 
177 
834 


701 
385 


134 

929 

152 

382 

116 

1,160 

67 

1,569 

1,116 


987 
1,470 


1,260 


1,4S9 


306 
1,664 


1,399 


1,696 


1,422 


1,046 
1,262 


1,119 
666 
568 


745 

298 

1,176 

539 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plac*. 


Shlloh ~. p.h. 

Shiloh p.T. 

Shlloh ~..tp. 

Shlloh p.h. 

Shlloh tp. 

Shiloh p.T. 

Shlloh p.tp. 

Shlloh h. 

Shingle  Spring8...~p.T. 

Shlnnston p.T. 

Shipman tp. 

8bipman» p.T. 

Shlppeni tp. 

Shlppen tp. 

Shippensburg p.b. 

Shippensburg tp. 

Shippensville r. 

Shire  manstown p.b. 

Shirland p.tp. 

Shirley p.T. 

Shirley tp. 

Shirley p.tp. 

Shirley tp. 

Shirley p.T. 

Shirley tp. 

Shirleyaburg p.b. 

Shirley  Village p.T. 

Shoal .....tp. 

Shoal  Creek tp. 

Shoal  Creek tp. 

Shoal  Creek tp. 

Shoals p.T. 

Shocco tp. 

Shoe  Heel tp. 

Shoe  Heel p.T. 

Shoemakers t. 

ShoemakersTille  ...p.T. 
Shoeinakertown....p.T. 

Shohola. ~..p.tP 

Shongo .p.h. 

Shooting  Creek p.tp. 

Shopiere p.T. 

Shoreham tp. 

Shoreham p.T. 

Short  Bend ..tp. 

Short  Creek .....p.tp. 

ShortsTiUe p.T. 

Shoustown p.b. 

ShoTeville t. 

Shreve p.T. 

Shreveport c. 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury p.T, 

Shrewsbury p.tp, 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury .....tp. 

Shrewsbury p.b. 

Shrewsbury p.tp. 

Shubnta p.T. 

Shneyrille p.T. 

Shuffield tp. 

ShuUsburg tp. 

Shullsbnrg p.T. 

ShulltowD V. 

Shumway p.T. 

Shuneeburg h. 

ShuusTille h. 

Shuqualak p.T. 

Shushan p.T. 

Shuteabury ~p.tp. 

Siasconset t. 

Sibley p.T. 

Sibley tp. 

Sibley p.tp. 

Siddonsburg p.T. 

Sidell tp. 

Sidney.^ tp. 

Sidney p.T. 

Sidney tp. 

Sidney p.T. 

Sidney p.tp. 

Sidney p.tp. 

Sidney p.v. 

Sidney... p.tp. 

Sidney p.T. 

Sidney  Centre p.T. 

Siep  Springs t. 

Sierra tp. 

Sierra tp. 


County. 


Neosho 

Callaway 

Cumberland... 

Camden 

Camden 

Iredell 

Bicblaud 

Sumter 

Tyler 

£1  Dorado..... 

Harrison 

Macoupin..... 
Macoupin — . 

Cameron 

Tioga 

Cumberland... 
Cumberland... 

Clarion 

Cumberland... 
Winnebago.... 

McLean 

Cloud 

Piscataquis.... 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Huntingdon... 
Huntingdon... 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Barry 

Newton ~ . 

Cherokee 

Martiu 

Warren 

Robeson 

Bobesou. ....... 

Schuylkill 

Berks. 

Montgomery . 

Pike 

Alleghany...., 

Clay 

Bock. 

Addison 

Addison 

Dent 

Harrison 

Ontario. , 

Alleghany 

Newport 

Wavne , 

Caddo 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Monmouth.... 

Lycoming 

Sullivan , 

York 

York- 

Butland , 

Clarke 

Johnson 

Moore 

Lafayette...... 

Lafayette 

Herkimer 

Effingham..... 

Kane. 

Harford 

Noxubee 

Washington .. 

Franklin 

Nantucket..... 

Osceola 

Cloud 

Sibley 

York 

Vermilion..., 
Champaign... 
Champaign... 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Kennebec 

Montcalm.... 

Cheyenne 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Delaware 

Comanche.... 

Sierra 

Tehama 


State. 


Kan. 
Ky... 
N.J, 

N.  C. 
N.  0. 
N.  0. 
Ohio. 
8.0. 
W.  Va„ 
Cal.. 
W.  Va.. 

111. 

Ill 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Hf 

Ill 

Kan 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mass  ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ind 

N.  0 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

N.O 

Wig 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 

Ohio..., 

N.Y 

Pa. 

B.  I...., 
Ohio.... 

La. 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
N.J..... 

Pa. , 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Miss..... 
Iowa.... 
N.  0..... 

Wis 

Wis. 

N.  Y... 

Ill 

Utah... 

Md 

Miss.... 

N.  Y 

Mass 

Maes 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 

Neb 

N.Y 

Ohio 

N.Y 

Tex 

CaL 

Cal 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880, 


1,646 


1,641 

297 
1,518 


1,824 

270 

2,065 

381 


669 


637 

206 

1,451 


1,633 
329 


2,475 
1,686 

763 
1,332 

613 
1,637 

460 


729 


423 


1,226 


1,799 


479 
4,607 
1,610 


6,440 
442 
209 

3,559 
600 

1,146 


1,270 
2,702 


61 


614 


309 
272 


1,166 
1,560 

480 
2,621 

817 
1,471 

611 


2,597 
2,808 


988 

33 

266 

1,864 

96 

1,860 

661 

2,405 

94 

126 

289 

1,682 

486 

1,217 

441 

2,213 

494 

388 

404 

474 

119 

912 

263 

1,366 

104 

1,703 

367 

■    823 

3,340 

1,667 

1,383 

1,604 

706 

1,619 

1,661 

214 

128 

429 

136 

716 

62 

636 

201 

1,354 

146 

1,151 

1,831 

620 

223 

280 

908 

8,009 

1,500 

620 

6,626 

474 

343 

2,087 

566 

1,235 

754 

108 

1,689 

2,246 

1,168 

144 

130 

82 

66 

362 

328 

629 

111 

301 

768 

499 

165 

1,185 

1,603 

468 

^,994 

865 

1,396 

2,224 

1,069 

2,461 

3,823 

141 

172 

930 

476 


Place. 


Sierra  Butte  MIne8..T. 

Sierra  City p.T. 

Sierravilie t. 

Sierra  Valley p.T. 

Sigel .p.T. 

Sigel .tp. 

Sigel tp. 

Sigel p.T. 

Sigel tp. 

Sigel „tp. 

Sigourney tp. 

Sigoiirney p.T. 

Sikestou p.T. 

Silver tp. 

Silver  Bow h. 

Silver  Brook p.T. 

Silver  City p.v. 

Silver  City p.v. 

Silver  City h. 

Silver  City p.h. 

Silver  City p.T. 

Silver  City p.T. 

Silver  Cliff. p.T. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.T. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.T. 

SilTer  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.h. 

Silver  Creek p.T. 

Silver  Dale ......p.tp. 

Silver  Hill tp. 

Silver  Hill p.h. 

Stiver  Lake p.T. 

SilTer  Lake tp. 

Silver  Lake tp. 

Silver  Lake p.tp. 

Silver  Lake! tp. 

Silver  Lake p.v. 

Silver  Lake tp. 

Silver  Lake p.tp. 

Silver  Mountain. ...p.h. 

Silver  Beef. p.v. 

Silver  Bidge pl'n. 

Silver  Bun p.b. 

Silver  Spring tp. 

Silverton .p.T. 

Siiverton ..p.T. 

Silverton ..tp. 

Silverville p.h. 

Silveyville tp. 

SimmonsTllle .p.h. 

Simpson tp. 

Simpson tp. 

Simpson's  Creek.. ..tp. 
Simpson's  Creek. ...p.T. 

Simpson  ville p.T. 

Simpson  ville tp. 

Sims ..tp. 

Simsbury p.tp. 

Sinclair p.h. 

Sinclairville p.v. 

Singac p.h. 

Sing  Sing p.v. 

Sinking tp. 

Sinking  Spring p.T. 

Sinking  Spring p.T, 

Sioux tp. 

Sioux tp. 

Sioux tp. 

Sioux  Agency tp. 

Sioux  City tp. 

Sioux  City c. 

Sioux  Falls p.T. 

Sioux  Kapids p.T. 

Sioux  Valley p.tp. 

Sipe  Springs p.T. 

Sipesville p.h. 

Sirhnela v. 

Sis p.h. 

Sisson tp. 

Sistersville ..p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Sierra. 

Sierra 

Sierra. 

Sierra. 

Shelby 

Huron 

Brown 

Jefferson 

Chippewa 

Wood 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Scott 

Cherokee 

Deer  Lodge.... 

Schuylkill 

Owyhee 

Mills 

Yazoo 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Lyon 

Grant 

Custer 

Stephenson 

Clarke 

Ida 

Mills 

Pottawattamie..., 

Cowley 

Harper 

Madison 

Cass 

Wright 

Randolph 

Cbautauqna. 

Burke 

Qreene 

Hardin ,. 

Schuylkill 

Cowley 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Kosciusko......... 

Dickinson 

Palo  Alto.- , 

Worth 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Martin 

Susquehanna 

Alpine 

Washington- 

Aroostook , 

Carroll 

Cumberland , 

San  Juan 

Marlon 

Aiken 

Lawrence 

Solano 

Craig 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Horry 

Taylor , 

Shelby 

Rockingham 

Qrant „,... 

Hartford 

Morgan 

Chautauqua....... 

Passaic .,. 

Westchester- 

Dent 

Highland 

Berks , 

Lyon...i 

Monona , 

Plymouth 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Woodbury 

Woodbury 

Minnehaha 

Buena  Vista. 

Jackson. 

Comanche. 

Somerset 

Mora. 

Fulton 

Howell 

Tyler- .~ 


State. 


Gal ..... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich... 
Minn ., 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Iowa. .., 

Mon 

Pa 

Idaho.., 
Iowa.... 

Miss 

Mon 

Nev...., 
N.Mex 

Col 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Ky... 

Mich 

Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y... 

N.  C 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa- 

Kan-.. 
N.C  -,.. 
N,  C-.., 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Kan-.. 
Kan... 
Minn... 

Pa. 

Cal 

Utah..., 
Me .,..., 

Md 

Pa , 

Col 

Oregon 

8.  C 

Ind , 

Cel ..... 

Va 

111 

Mo ...... 

S.  C 

W.Va- 
Ky„ 

N,  0 

Ind 

Conn..., 

Ill 

N.  Y... 
N,  J-„, 
N,Y-,.. 

Mo 

Ohio-,,. 

Pa- 

Iowa..,, 

Iowa,... 

Iowa.... 

Minn ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Dakota. 

Iowa. 

Minn 

Tex.. 

Pa.... 

N.  Hex. 

Pa-., 

Mo.., 

W.  Va.. 


Popalatioc. 


1870.     1880. 


181 
379 


123 

219 

1,637 

992 


1,309 
1,116 


1,019 
231 


1,162 
286 

1,831 
666 

1,314 

1,701 


976 


364 

1,416 

169 

487 
1,079 


2,269 


1,613 

""i'li 


239 
1,690 

841 
2,061 


200 


311 


4,201 
3,401 


430 
3«4 


247 

401 

128 

360 

30iL 

621 

66a 

116 

866 

668 

2,207 

1,736 

191 

463 

49 

136 

593 

186 

46 

26 

606 

1,800 

6,040 

1,312 

1,186 

388 

1,169 

620 

86T 

499 

124 

984 

381 

1,391 

1,036 

1,487 

2,166 

38 

186 

711 

958 

iM 

634 

45 

296 

673 

995 

268 

250 

1,106 

.  26 

1,046 

229 

SO 

2,263 

264 

229 

2,036 

66 

1,921 

36 

1,064 

978 

2,426 

148 

263 

1,833 

1,186 

1,830 

12 

640 

77 

6,678 

S26 

197 

617 

40 

182 

274 

171 

7,846 

7,366 

2,164 

181 

89 

172 

39 

17ft 

40 

879 

388 


^  In  1870,  including  Emporium. 


*  Since  1870,  area  mucn  reduced. 


887 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Place. 


Biverly _ b. 

Six  Mile tp. 

Six  Mile  Oroye tp. 

Six  Pound tp. 

Sixteen  Acres v. 

Sizton .* V. 

SIcandia tp. 

Skaneateles tp. 

Skaneateles p.T. 

Skelton tp. 

Skinnerville h. 

Skinnerville tp. 

Skipperrille p.h. 

Skipton p.b. 

Skowhegan tp. 

Skowhegan p.v. 

Skylesville p.h. 

Slab p.h. 

Slabtown v. 

SlabTille h. 

Slack  Water p.r. 

Slatedale ..y. 

Slateford p.v. 

Slater p.y. 

Slate  rsTille... p.y. 

Slatington p.b. 

Slaughtersyille p.y. 

Sleepy  Hollow tp. 

Sleigh  tsbnrg v. 

Slick  Bock p.h. 

Sllgo h. 

Sligo p.b. 

Slippery  Bock p.tp. 

Slippery  Bock tp. 

Sloan p.tp. 

SIoausvi)le p.y. 

Slocum p.tp, 

Smallwood tp. 

Smartrille p.y. 

Smelser tp. 

Smethport p.b. 

Smickaburg p.b. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

Smith fy. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

.Smith tp. 

fcmith tp. 

Smith tp. 

Su  itiiborough p.h. 

Smitbburg p.h. 

Smith  Centre p.y. 

Smith  Creek tp. 

Smithfield p.y. 

Smithfleld tp. 

Smithfield b. 

Smithfield tp. 

Smithfield p.y. 

Smithfleld tp. 

Smithfield p.h. 

Smithfield tp. 

Smithfield tp. 

Smithfield p.y. 

Smithfleld tp. 

Smithfield p.y. 

Smitlifield tp. 

Sraltlifield V, 

Smitlifield y. 

Smithfield tp. 

Smitlifield tp. 

Smithfield p.y. 

Smithfleld p.y. 

Smitli  Grove p.y, 

Smithland p.y. 

Smitliport h. 

Smith  Biver p.tp. 

Smith's tp. 

Smith'8 tp. 

Smithsbo  rough p.v. 

Smith's  Bridge tp. 

Smithsburg p.v. 

Smith's  Creek p.v. 

Smith's  Flat p.v. 

Smith's  Grove p.v. 

Smith's  Mills p.h. 

Smith's  Mills p.v. 

Smith's  Valley p.h. 

Smith  ton p.y. 

Smithton tp. 


County. 


Venango 

Franklin 

Swift 

Warren 

Hampden 

Hendricks 

Murray 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Warrick 

St.  Lawrence.. 
Washington... 

Dale 

Talbot 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Muhlenburg.. 

York 

Columbia 

New  London.. 

Lancaster 

Lehigh 

Northampton. 

Saline 

Providence.... 

Lehigh 

Webster 

Aiken 

Ulster 

Barren 

Clinton 

Clarion 

Butler 

Lawrence 

Woodbury 

Schoharie 

Luzerne 

Jasper 

Ynba. 

Grant 

McKean 

Indiana.... 

Greene 

Po«ey 

Whitley 

Dade 

Laclede 

Worth 

Belmont 

Mahoning 

Washington... 

Bond 

Monmouth  .... 

Smith 

Warren 

Fulton 

De  Kalb 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Henry 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Madison 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Jefferson 

Jeff'erson 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Huntingdon... 

Monroe 

Providence.... 

Cache 

Isle  of  Wight 

Davie 

Livingston  .... 

Indiana 

Del  Norte 

Duplin 

Bobesou 

Tioga 

Macon 

Washington... 

St.  Clair 

El  Dcrado 

Warrtn 

Henderson  .... 
ChautaLqua... 

Johnson 

St.  Clair 

Pettis 


State. 


Pa 

Ill 

Minn.... 

N.  C 

Mass.... 

Ind 

Minn  .. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Ind 

N.  Y.... 
N.C... 
Ala...... 

Md 

Me 

Me 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

Conn ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

B.  I 

Pa. 

Ky 

S.  C 

N.  Y.... 

Ky 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa» 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 

Pa 

HI 

Oal 

Wis.„.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  J 

Kan .... 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

B.I 

Utah.... 

Va 

N.  C 

Ky 

Pa 

Cal 

N.C 

N.C 

N.  Y 

N.  C.„.., 

Md 

Mich.... 

Cal 

Ky 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ill _ 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


788 
'93b 


4^24 
1,409 
1,330 


1,606 
130 

1,219 
203 


879 
1,778 


317 
993 


1,291 

2:11 

143 

670 

988 

1,232 

004 

1,146 

889 

1,777 

1,686 

2,067 


1,062 
"i',34'2 

"638 
""704 


1,227 
2,864 

416 
1,761 

616 
1.790 


1,443 

2,605 
744 
652 

"'690 


564 
662 
1,684 
304 
708 
459 


667 

883 

269 

2,127 

150 

299 

197 

4,866 

1,669 

1,644 

78 

1,058 

85 

17 

3,860 

2,609 

85 

69 

148 

97 

122 

335 

143 

771 

1,147 

1,634 

269 

1,931 

282 

71 

87 

543 

1,007 

1,741 

310 

200 

377 

1,106 

372 

1,283 

872 

221 

861 

1,105 

1,892 

741 

621 

1,509 

1,977 

1,941 

2,449 

40 

31 

254 

1,303 

118 

1,423 

97 

764 

183 

664 

96 

1,226 

3,522 

485 

1,887 

559 

1,826 

263 

151 

1,667 

3,085 

1,177 

814 

198 

670 

48 

616 

852 

2,244 

294 

890 

4;i3 

144 

162 

388 

92 

148 

58 

400 

1,237 


Place. 


Smithton p.y. 

Sniithtown p.tp. 

Smithville y. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smithville p.h. 

Smithville p.v. 

Smithville v. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smithville h. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smithville tp. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smithville h. 

Smithville tp. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smithville p.y. 

Smitliville h. 

Smithville tp. 

Smithville tp. 

Smoketown v. 

Smoky  Hill «tp. 

Smoky  Hill tp. 

Smoky  Hill _tp. 

Smoky  Hill .tp. 

Smoky  View tp. 

Smolan - tp. 

Smyrna p.y. 

Smyrna p.y. 

Smyrna tp. 

Smyrna .p.h. 

Smyrna p.tp. 

Smyrna p.v. 

Smyrna tp. 

Smyrna p.y. 

Smyrna. p.tp. 

Smyrna p.v. 

Smyrna p.y. 

Smysertown v. 

Snachwine tp. 

Snake  Bite »....tp. 

Snake  Hollow y. 

Snake  Biver y. 

Snake  Spring tp. 

Sneedsvllle p.y. 

Snelling p.y. 

Sniabar tp. 

Sniabar tp. 

Snicarte p.h. 

Snickersville p.v. 

Snl  Mills p.h. 

Snipesville h. 

Snobomieh p.y. 

Snow  Creek tp. 

Snow  Creek tp. 

Snowden _ tp. 

Snow  Flake p.y. 

Snow  Hill p.y. 

Snow  Hill tp. 

Snow  Hill y. 

Snow  Hill  1 tp. 

Snow  Hill p.y. 

Snow  Shoe..; tp. 

Snow  Shoe p.v. 

Snyder „ tp. 

Snyder tp. 

Snydertown h. 

Snydertown p.b. 

Snyderville h. 

Soap  Creek .....tp. 

Socastee p.tp 

Social  Circle p.v. 

Socialville p.h. 

Society  Hill p.y. 

Society  Hill tp. 

Society  Hill p.v. 

Socorro p.y. 

Sodaville „ p.h. 

Soddy p.y. 

Sodom h. 

Sodus p.tp. 

Sodus tp. 

Sodus tp. 

Sodus p.y. 

Soldier tp. 

Soldier p.tp. 

Soldier tp. 

Soldier tp. 

Soldier  City h. 

Soldiers'  Nat.  Home.v. 
Soldier's  Grove p.y. 


Gonnty. 


Pettis „ 

Suffolk 

Pima 

Lee 

Peoria 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Worcester- 

Bollinger.- 

Clay 

Burlington 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Jefferson 

Brunswick 

Brunswick 

Wayne 

Berks 

Abbeville 

Marlborough 

Queens 

Davis- 

Ellis 

McPherson  - 

Saline 

Saline 

Saline 

Kent 

Cobb 

Jeff'erson 

Clarke 

Aroostook- 

Ionia 

Chenango 

Chenango- 

Carteret 

Harrison 

Butherford 

York.- 

Putnam 

Bertie 

Baltimore 

Carbon.- 

Bedford 

Hancock 

Merced 

.Tackson - 

Lafayette.- 

Mason 

Loudoun 

Jackson - 

Washington 

Snohomish 

Mitchell 

Stokes 

Alleghany 

Apache 

Worcester- 

Lincoln 

Camden- 

Greene 

Greene 

Centre 

Centre 

Blair 

Jefferson 

Centre 

Northumberland 

Summit 

Davis 

Horry 

Walton 

Warren 

Macon 

Darlington 

Darlington 

Socorro 

Linn 

Hamilton , 

Alleghany 

Berrien 

Lyon 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Crawford 

Monona 

Jackson 

Shawnee 

Jackson 

Milwaukee 

Crawford 


State. 


Mo... 
N.Y. 
AriEona 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y..... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  0 

N.O 

Ohio 

Pa. 

S.  0 

8.  0 

N.  Y.... 
Kan-.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan-.. 
Kan.... 

Kan 

Del 

G*. 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Me 

Mich.... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  C. — 
Ohio..... 
Tenn.... 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  C-... 

Md 

Wyom. 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Va 

Mo , 

Pa 

Wash ... 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa 

Arizona 

Md... 

Mo... 

N.J. 

N.C, 

N.O. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Utah 

Iowa. 

S.C 

Ga 

Ohio..., 

Ala 

S.C 

S.C 

N.  Mex. 

Oregon. 

Tenn.... 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan-... 

Wis 

Wis 


1870.      1880. 


388 


1  Since  1870,  part  to  Bull's  Head. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


rUce. 


Bolebury -.p.tp, 

Soled  ad tp. 

Soledad ?■▼• 

Soletn tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon  City p.v. 

Solomon  Rapids... .p.tp. 

Solomon's  Qup v. 

Solomon'o  Island. ..p.v. 

Solomonaville p.v. 

Solon .....p.T. 

Solon tp. 

Solon p.v. 

Solon tp. 

Solon p.tp 

Solon tp. 

Solon p.h. 

Solon p.tp. 

Somer tp. 

Somerfield p.v. 

Somen ....^.tp. 

Somen .^....p.v. 

Somen p.tp. 

Somen tp. 

Somen tp. 

Somen p.tp. 

Somereet ».tp. 

Somenet p.v. 

Somenet ..p.h. 

Somenet p.v. 

Somerset p.tp. 

Somenet tp. 

Somenet p.li. 

tomenet _ tp. 
umerset tp. 

Somereet ti. 

Somerset p.tp. 

Somerset tp. 

Somenet p.v. 

Somerset tp. 

Somereet p.b. 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset p.tp. 

Somerset ...tp. 

Somereet p.h. 

Somerset  Centre... .p.v. 

Somereworth tp. 

Somerton p.v. 

Somerville p.v. 

Somerville p.tp. 

Somerville c. 

Somerville p.r. 

Somerville p.v. 

Somerville p.v. 

Somonauk tp. 

Somonauk p.v. 

Songer „ tp. 

Sonoma p.tp. 

Sonora p.v. 

Sonora ...tp. 

Sonora p.h. 

Sonora p.v. 

Sonora p.v. 

Soquel p.v. 

Soscol p.v. 

South tp. 

South tp. 

South tp. 

South  Abington p.tp. 

South  Abington tp. 

South  Acton p.v. 

South  Acworth p.v. 

South  Alabama......p.v. 

South  Albany p.v. 

South  Amboy p.tp, 

South  Amenia p.h. 

Southampton p.tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton p.v. 

Southampton  ^ tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton  > tp. 

Southampton tp. 

8outhamptonville..p.v. 

South  AnnviUe tp. 

South  Argyle p.h. 


County. 


Bucks 

Los  Angelea.. 
Monterey..... 

Douglas. 

Cloud 

Norton 

Phillips 

Saline 

Dickinson... 

Mitchell 

Luzerne 

Calvert 

Graham 

Johnson 

Somerset 

Somenet 

Kent 

Leeleuaw«.... 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Cuyahoga  ....c 
Champaign... 

Somerset 

Tolland 

Tolland 

Westchester., 

Wilkes 

Preble 

Kenosha 

Jackson 

Wabash 

Miami 

Pulaski 

Bristol 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Steele 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Niagara , 

Belmont 

Perry 

Somereet 

Somenet 

Washington . 

Windham 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Hillsdale 

Strafford , 

Belmont 

Morgan 

Lincoln 

Middlesex..., 

Somenet 

Butler 

Fayette 

Do  Kalb 

De  Kalb , 

Clay 

Sonoma 

Tuolumne .... 

Hancock 

Hancock 

HarOin 

Muskingum., 
Santa  Cruz.., 

Napa 

Siskiyou 

Madison 

Dade , 

Plymouth,..., 
Lackawanna, 
Middlesex..., 

Sullivan 

Genesee 

Orleans 

Middlesex ..., 

Dutchess 

Hampshire... 
Burlington.., 

Sufifolk , 

Suffolk 

Bedford 

Bucks 

Cumberland . 

Franklin 

Somenet 

Bucks 

Lebanon  

Washington.. 


State. 


Pa 

Cal , 

Cal 

Minn . 
Kan_. 
Kan  -. 
Kan ... 
Kan... 
Kan.... 
Kan... 

Pa 

Md 

Arizona 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.Y„... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Pa. 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan  _... 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

N.  H 

Ohio 

Ala 

Me 

Mass.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

IIU 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio-... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Mass.... 
N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

N.J 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  Y 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,791 
266 


208 
613 


581 


1,176 

""iii 


872 


899 
1,120 


1,247 


1,721 

760 

1,862 

1,359 


371 


587 
1,776 
1,297 


666 
1,114 


1,862 
2,042 
1,163 
2,836 

945 

1,325 

80 

491 


4,504 
197 


505 

14,685 

2,236 

389 

954 

3,359 


1,513 
1,322 
1,485 


266 
97 


939 
1,040 
1,029 


4,526 


1,159 
2,374 
6,136 

943 
1,647 
1,393 
2,060 
1,963 

673 


1,866 


2,648 
412 
136 

363 

1,073 

604 

626 

509 

618 

637 

142 

262 

176 

383 

1,013 

261 

1,693 

303 

842 

87 

867 

1,159 

100 

1,242 

313 

1,630 

883 

2,233 

1,458 

1,473 

356 

80 

806 

2,006 

1,356 

54 

811 

1,123 

38 

2,015 

2,241 

1,207 

3,276 

1,197 

983 

67 

968 

77 

130 

5,586 

159 

209 

639 

24,933 

3,105 

370 

834 

3,865 

687 

1,000 

2,153 

1,492 

1,401 

41 

289 

183 

328 

332 

1,374 

1,016 

1,143 

3,024 

923 

447 

119 

113 

107 

3,648 

82 

1,046 

2,269 

6,352 

949 

1,206 

1,436 

1,992 

1,738 

629 

147 

1,809 

50 


Place. 


South  Arkansas.... T. 
South  Arlington  ...v. 

South  Arm p.tp. 

South  Ballston p.h. 

South  Barre p.v. 

South  Bay v. 

South  Beaver tp. 

South  Bend ..v. 

South  Bend c. 

South  Bend tp. 

South  Bend p.tp. 

South  Bend p.v. 

South  Bend tp. 

South  Bend p.h. 

South  Berwick tp. 

South  Berwick p.v. 

South  Bethlehem...p.h. 
South  Bethlehem...p.b. 
South  Bloomfield...tp. 
South  Bloomfleld...p.v. 

Southborough tp. 

Southbo  rough p.v. 

South  Boston  Depot.p.v. 

South  Bradford, p.h. 

South  Branch tp. 

South  Branch p.tp. 

South  Branch p.v. 

Southbridge p.tp. 

South  Bridgeport... V. 
South  Bridgeton  ...p.v. 

South  Bristol p.tp. 

South  Britain v. 

South  Brook tp. 

South  Brookfleld...p.h. 
South  Brunswick  •  .tp. 

South  Buffalo tp. 

South  Burlington..tp. 

Southbury tp. 

Southbury p.v. 

South  Butler p.v. 

South  Byfleld _p.v. 

South  Byron p.v. 

South  Canaan p.h. 

South  Canaan p.tp. 

South  Carroll  ton. ..p.v. 
South  Oarrollton...v. 

South  Casey v. 

South  Charleston... p.v. 
South  Charlestown.p.h. 

South  Chatham p.v. 

South  Chester b. 

South  Chicago p.v. 

South  Colton p.v. 

South  Columbia p.v. 

South  Coventry tp. 

South  Covington. ..V. 

South  Creek tp. 

South  Danville v. 

South  Danville p.v. 

South  Darke8ville..v. 

South  Dayton p.v. 

South  Deer  Isle p.v. 

South  Delaware h. 

South  Dennis p.v. 

South  Dixon tp. 

South  East tp. 

Southeast tp. 

South  Easton p.v. 

South  Easton b. 

South  Edme8ton....p.v. 
South  Egremont....p.v. 

South  Euglish p.v. 

South  Evanston p.v. 

South  Evan8ville...p.h. 

South  Exeter p.h. 

South  Fayette tp. 

Southfield p.tp. 

Southfield tp. 

Southford p.h. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork, p.tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork p.tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork p.v. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork .tp. 

South  Fox isl. 


County. 


Chaffee 

Montgomery  .. 

Charlevoix 

Saratoga 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

St.  Joseph 

Barton 

Blue  Earth 

Cass 

Armstrong 

Armstrong 

York 

York 

Albany 

Northampton. 

Morrow 

Pickaway 

Worcester. 

Worcester 

Halifax 

Steuben 

Crawford 

Watonwan ..... 

Somenet 

Worcester 

Fayette  „ 

Cumberland..., 

Ontario 

New  Haven..., 
Cottonwood .... 

Madison 

Middlesex 

Armstrong 

Chittenden 

New  Haven .... 
New  Haven.,.. 

Wayne 

Essex 

Genesee 

Litchfield 

Wayne 

Muhlenburg. .. 

Carroll 

Adair 

Clark 

Sullivan 

Barnstable 

Delaware 

Cook , 

St.  Lawrence.. 

Herkimer 

Chester 

Kenton 

Bradford 

Vermilion 

Caledonia 

Berkeley 

Cattaraugus.... 

Hancock 

Schuylkill 

Barnstable 

Lee 

Orange 

Putnam 

Bristol 

Northampton.. 

Otsego 

Berkshire 

Keokuk 

Cook 

Berks 

Penobscot 

Alleghany 

Oakland 

Bichmond 

New  Haven  „.. 

Humboldt 

Modoc 

Christian 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Wayne 

Howell 

Monroe.. 

Lincoln 

Fonyth 

Tyrrel 

Manitoa 


State. 


Col 

Ohio_.. 
Mich... 
N.  Y«., 

Vt 

N.Y„.. 

Pa„ 

Dakota. 

Ind 

Kan  -.,. 
Minn... 
Neb._... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mass..., 
Mass.... 

Va 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
N.J-.,. 
Mass.,.. 

Pa 

Me 

N.  Y».., 
Conn.... 
Minn... 
N,  Y-,.. 

N.J 

Pa 

Vt 

Conn  ... 
Conn .., 
N,  Y.„, 
Mass.,., 
N.  Y-„ 
Conn... 

Pa» 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Ohio.... 
N.  H... 
Mass... 

Pa. 

lU 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa 

Ill 

Vt 

W.  Va. 
N.Y,... 

Me 

Pa 

Mass..,, 

Ill- 

Ind 

N.  Y-„, 
Mass.... 

Pa 

N.Y-.. 
Mass-.. 
Iowa,., 

Ill 

Pa. 

Me 

Pa. 

Mich.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Conn... 

Cal 

CaL 

Ill 

Iowa.,., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.,., 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Mex 

N.  C 

N.C 

Mich.... 


Popnlatioii. 


1870.      1880, 


124 
400 


1,206 

'7,206 

"696 

Cm 

"2,61*6 


3,666 

1,115 

283 

2,136 


146 
'6',2M 


1,218 


3,779 

1,633 

791 

1,318 


1,308 
240 


818 


649 
"i'.OTO 


906 
1,666 
2,976 


3^67 


1,927 
1,547 
6,082 


273 


1,279 

1,610 

1,014 

774 


1,463 
'l',398 


140 

r37 

80 
121 
483 

1,025 
209 
13,280 
290 
614 
232 

1,161 
64 

2,677 

1,092 
89 

4,925 

1,067 
303 

2,142 
363 
328 
70 
192 
189 
117 

6,464 
111 
258 

1,327 

143 

211 

76 

2,803 

1,715 
664 

1,740 
243 
343 
203 
261 
49 

1,176 
493 
351 
139 
932 
50 
383 

3,664 

1,961 
132 
126 
669 
627 

1,113 
718 
100 
100 
318 
157 
47 
642 
973 

1,644 

3,600 
201 

4,534 
163 
384 
360 

1,617 
18 
32 

1,765 

1,634 

4,980 

76 

809 

465 

1,600 

1,758 

2,326 
917 
867 

1,614 
196 

1,469 
180 
2« 


i  la  1876,  part  to  Mann. 


*  In  1870,  luclnding  Orntown. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Cranbui7 


389 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAEED 


Plac«. 


County. 


Bonth  Frankfort....p.T, 

South  Gabriel p.h. 

South  Gibson p.v. 

South  Gilboa .p.h. 

South  Glen  Cove. ..v. 
South  Glen  FallB...p.v. 
South  Gold8boro'...p.v. 

South  Grove p.tp. 

South  Hadley p.tp. 

South  Hadley  Falls.p.r, 

South  Hampton tp. 

South  Hampton p.h. 

SouthHamptonMllls..h. 

South  Hannibal p.h. 

South  Hanover tp. 

South  Haven tp. 

South  Haven p.v. 

South  Haven tp. 

South  Haven p.v. 

South  Haven p.h. 

South  Hero p.tp. 

South  Homer.... tp. 

South  Huntingdon.tp. 

South  Ilion „t. 

Southington p.tp . 

Southi  ngton p.tp. 

South  Keusauqua..h. 

South  Kidder tp. 

South  KingBtown...tp. 

South  Lake h. 

South  Lebanon p.h. 

South  Lebanon tp. 

South  Liberty h. 

South  Lima p.h. 

South  Lincoln b. 

South  Lincoln v. 

South  Litchfield....tp. 

South  Livonia p.T. 

South  Londonderry.p.T. 

South  Lowell p.h. 

South  Lyunfield....T. 

South  Lyon p.v. 

South  Macon tp. 

South  Macon _v. 

South  Mahoning. ..tp. 

South  Manheim tp. 

South  Manitou isl. 

South  Merrimac....pJi. 
South  Middleton...tp. 

South  Milan v. 

South  Milford t. 

South  Milford p.v. 

South  Mills p.tp. 

South  Moline tp. 

South  Muddy tp. 

South  MurderkilL.hnd. 
South  New  Berlin. p.v. 
South  Newmarket.p.tp. 
South  Northfleld...p.h. 

South  Norwalk c. 

South  Oak  Hill v. 

Southold tp. 

Southold .p.v. 

Sonth  Olive p.v. 

South  Orange tp. 

South  Orange p.T. 

South  Orrington....p.Y. 

South  Otselic p.v. 

South  Ottawa tp. 

South  Otter tp. 

South  Palmyra ^. 

Sonth  Paris p.v. 

South  Pass p.v. 

South  Pass  City p.h. 

South  Peabo(iy....,.p.v. 

South  Peacham p.h. 

South  Pembina  .....h. 

South  Perry p.v. 

South  Peru v. 

South  Pittsburg.... p.v. 

South  Point ~.p.v. 

South  Point p.tp. 

Southport p.T. 

Southport p.T. 

Southport p.tp, 

Southport p.tp, 

South  Pueblo ~p.T. 

South  Bidge v. 

South  Biver tp. 

South  Bock  Island.tp. 
South  Bockwood...p.T. 


Benzie 

Burnet 

Susquehanna 

Schoharie 

Queens 

Saratoga. 

Hancock 

De  Kalb 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Bockingham 

Bockingham , 

Somerset 

Oswego 

Dauphin 

Sumner  _ 

Sumner 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren , 

Suffolk 

Grand  Isle 

Champaign 

Westmoreland-.. 

Herkimer 

Hartford 

Trumbull 

Van  Buren 

Carbon 

Washington 

CharleToix 

Warren 

Lebanon 

Johnson 

Livingston 

PenolMcot- 

Addison 

Montgomery 

Livingston 

Windham 

Walker 

Essex 

Oakland 

Macon 

Macon 

Indiana 

Schuylkill 

Manitou 

Hillsborough 

Cumberland 

Bipley 

Sussex 

La  Grange 

Camden 

Bock  Island.. 

Jasper 

Kent 

Chenango 

Bockingham 

Washington 

Fairfield 

Schuylkill 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Noble 

Essex 

Essex- 

Penobscot 

Chenango 

La  Salle , 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Oxford 

Union , 

Sweetwater 

Essex 

Caledonia 

Pembina 

Hocking. 

Miami 

Marion 

Franklin 

Gaston 

Fairfield 

Marion 

Lincoln 

Chemung 

Pueblo 

Mahoning 

Marion 

Bock  Island 

Monroe 


State. 


Mich. 
Tex... 

Pa 

N.Y.. 
N.T_ 
N.  Y.. 
Me.... 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Mass..... 

N.  H 

N.  H 

Pa 

N.  T 

Pa 

Kan»... 
Kan-... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

Pu 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

Ohio 

Iowa. ... 

Pa 

B.I 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Me 

Vt 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ala 

Mass .... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.... 
N.H..., 

Pa 

Ind 

Del 

Ind 

N.  C... 

Ill 

Ill 

Del 

N.  Y.... 
N.  H.... 

Vt 

Conn .., 

Pa. 

N.  Y_.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

N.  J 

N.  J..... 

Me 

N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Ill 

Wyom.. 
Mass... 

Vt 

Dak 

Ohio-.. 

Ind 

Tenn... 

Mo 

N.  C... 
4onn... 

Ind 

Me 

N.  Y„.. 

Col 

Ohio-.. 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich... 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


1,047 


795 
2,840 


448 


1,196 


2,203 
1,576 


586 
2,161 
2,210 


4,314 
799 


4,493 


1,783 


79 


1,131 
929 


3,226 


2,056 


584 
4,382 


808 


6,716 


2,963 


460 


136 


2,414 


684 
2,185 


728 


385 

39 

152 

50 

2,244 

1,083 

150 

779 

3,538 

2,750 

383 

64 

69 

50 

1,205 

1,214 

124 

2,246 

1,442 

51 

620 

2,200 

3,005 

104 

6.411 

916 

71 

646 

6,114 

84 

42 

2,117 

48 

62 

92 

689 

956 

130 

262 

86 

287 

418 

1,611 

793 

1,369 

906 

98 

65 

2,864 

191 

1,034 

157 

2,433 

2,084 

1,003 

4,504 

217 

829 

80 

3,726 

104 

7,267 

1,221 

105 

3,911 

2,178 

282 

230 

1,289 

1,110 

1,473 

815 

800 

37 

895 

71 

91 

182 

254 

1,045 

142 

3,6.'}8 

958 

388 

679 

3,619 

1,443 

397 

726 

886 

251 


Place. 


Connty. 


South  Bome t. 

Sonth  Bondont....~T. 

South  Boyalton p.T. 

South  Salem p.v. 

South  Salisbury ....V. 
South  Sandwich.. ..p.h. 
South  Schodack....p.h. 

South  Scituate p.tp. 

South  Shaftsbnry.-.p.v. 
South  Sharp's  Creek.tp. 
South  Shenango....tp. 

South  Side tp. 

South  Side v. 

Sonth  Solon p.T. 

South  Stillwater....p.T. 

South  Strabane p.tp. 

South  Sudbury p.T. 

South  Sutton _p.h. 

South  Tar  Biver  ...tp. 
South  Thomaston  ..p.tp, 

Sonth  Towanda v. 

South  Trenton p.v. 

South  Troy .t. 

South  Tunbridge...p.h. 

South  Union tp. 

South  Valley tp. 

South  Valley p.T. 

South  Versailles  i..tp. 

Southville p.h. 

South  ville p.h. 

Southville p.T. 

South  Wabash v. 

South  Waterford...p.T. 

Sonth  Waverly b. 

South  Wellfieet p.v. 

Sonth  West tp. 

South  West ph. 

Southwest tp. 

South  West tp. 

Sontb  West  City. ...p.v. 
South  Westmoreland.h. 
South  Wheatland...tp. 
South  Whitehall....p.tp 

South  Whitley p.v. 

Southwick p.tp. 

South  Willington..v. 
South  Windham. ...p.v. 
South  Windham. ...p.h. 

South  Windsor p.tp 

South  Windsor v. 

South  Woodbury. ..tp. 
South  Woodstock.. p. v. 
Sonth  Woodstock,  .p.v. 
South  Worcester.. ..p.v. 
South  Yarmouth. ..p.v. 

Spade's  Depot p.h. 

Spafford p.tp 

Spalding v. 

Spalding p.tp, 

Spangle p.h. 

Spanglersville h. 

Spanish  Bar p.v. 

Spanish  Fork p.v. 

Spanishtown- v. 

SparksviUe p.h. 

Sparland p.v. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta p.tp. 

Sparta »..tp. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.h. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta v. 

Spai-ta p.v. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta  Centre p.v. 

Spartanburg p.v. 

Spartanburg tp. 

Spartanburg  C.  H..p.v. 

Spartansburg p.b. 

Sparta  Station pji. 


Floyd , 

Ulster 

Windsor « 

Boss , 

Merrimac- 

Barnstable 

Bensselaer 

Plymouth 

Bennington 

McPherson 

Crawford 

Wright 

Westmoreland . 

Madison 

Washington .... 
Washington .... 

Middlesex 

Merrimac 

Yancey 

Knox 

Bradford 

Oneida 

Orleans 

Orange >..... 

Fayette.- 

Cattaraugus-.., 

Otsego .'. 

Alleghany 

Litchfield  —.... 

Shelby 

Worcester 

Wabash , 

Oxford 

Bradford , 

Barnstable 

Crawford , 

Elkhart , 

Barton , 

Warren , 

McDonald 

Cheshire 

Macon 

Lehigh 

Whitley 

Hampden 

Tolland 

Windham 

Windham 

Hartford 

Hillsborough.. 

Bedford 

Windham 

Windsor , 

Otsego 

Barnstable 

Bipley 

Onondaga. 

Macon 

Menominee 

Spokane 

York 

Clear  Creek 

Utah 

San  Mateo- 

Jackson 

Marshall 

Hancock 

Knox- 

Bandolph— 

Dearborn— 

Koble 

Bienville 

Kent 

Chippewa. 

Christian 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Livingston 

Edgecombe 

Edgecombe 

Morrow 

Union 

Crawford 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Kent 

Bandolph 

Spartanburg-., 
Spartanburg-., 

Crawford 

Gallatin , 


State. 


Population. 


1870.  I  1880. 


Ga..... 
N.  Y- 

Vt 

Ohio.. 
N.H. 
Mass. 
N.Y. 
Mass. 

Vt 

Kan. 
Pa .... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Mass.... 

N.  H 

N.  C 

Me 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa. 

N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

Pa 

Conn.... 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Ind 

Me 

Pa- 

Mass.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

N.H.... 

Ill 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mass.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Vt 

Conn.... 
N.  H.... 

Pa 

Conn.... 

Vt 

N.Y 

Mass.... 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ga 

Mich.... 
Wash ... 

Pa 

Col 

Utah.... 

Cal 

Ind 

Ill 

Ga. 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

La 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  C... 

N.C 

Ohio-.. 
Oregon 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis  -.. 
Mich..., 

Ind 

S.  C 

S.  C-... 

Pa. 

Ky..... 


40S 


1,661 


1,042 
143 


1,169 


344 


206 


860 
743 


2,194 


326 


677 


1,336 
2,748 


1,100 


1,688 
'l,'439 


1,696 


1,460 


668 


1,950 


1,939 
1,381 


1,666 
275 


2,032 


1,182 
1,522 


197 


1,131 
3,461 
2,3U 


192 
2,669 
1,080 

457 


390 


1  Since  1870,  part  to  Versailles. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


gpaulding tp. 

Spauldiug p.h. 

Spauldiug tp. 

Speaker p.tp. 

Spearfish p.r. 

Speanrille p.h. 

Spearville tp. 

Spearrillo p.v. 

Speedgville p.h. 

Speedwell tp. 

Speight's  Bridge  ...p.tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Speucer tp. 

Speiicer p.r. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer p.T. 

Spencer p.tp. 

Speucer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer p.v. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer. ^^ tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Speucer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer p.v. 

Speucer. p.v. 

Speucer p.v. 

Speucer p.tp. 

Spencer  Brook p.tp. 

Spencerburg p.v. 

Spencerport p.v. 

Spencer's  Statlon...p.h. 

Spencerville p.v. 

Spencerville p.h. 

Spencerville p.v. 

Speonk p.v. 

Sperry „.tp. 

Sperryvllle p.v. 

Spiceland tp. 

Spiceland p.v. 

Spice  Valley tp. 

SpickardavUIe p.v. 

Spiketown v. 

Spillville p.v. 

Spinueratown p.h. 

Spirit  Lake tp. 

Spirit  Lake p.v. 

Spiritwood p.h. 

Spokane  Falls p.v. 

Spoonville h. 

Spottsville p.v. 

Spout  Brook p.h. 

Spragne tp. 

Sprague p.h. 

Sprague's v. 

Spraker's  Basin p.v. 

Sprigg „ tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring V. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring  Arbor p.tp, 

Spring  Bay tp. 

Spring  Bay p.v. 

Springborough p.v. 

Springborough p.b. 

Spring  Brook p.v. 

Spring  Brook p.tp. 

Spring  Brook tp. 

Springbrook tp. 

Spring  City p.v. 

Spring  City p.b. 

Spring  City p.v. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 


Union 

Union 

Saginaw 

Sauilao 

Lawrence 

Union 

Ford 

Ford 

Tompkins 

St.  Clair 

Greene 

Harrison 

Jennings ^. 

Owen 

Clay 

Clay 

Worcester 

Kent 

Pike 

Ralls 

Tioga 

Tioga , 

Allen 

Guernsey 

Hamilton , 

Lucas 

Medina. , 

Medina 

Van  Buren 

Boane 

Marathon , 

Isanti , 

Pike 

Monroe  » 

Guernsey , 

DeKalb 

Montgomery .... 

Allen 

Suffolk 

Clayton 

Rappahannock.. 

Heury 

Henry 

Lawrence , 

Grnndy 

Alleghany 

Winneshiek , 

Bucks 

Dickinson 

Dickinson 

Stutsman 

Spokane 

Ottawa 

Henderson , 

Montgomery...., 
New  London  ... 

Skamania. 

Providence 

Montgomery .... 

Adams 

Boone 

Cherokee , 

Butler 

Harper , 

Worcester. , 

Berks ..., 

Centre , 

Crawford 

Perry 

Jackson 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Warren 

Crawford 

Erie 

Lackawanna .... 

Dunn 

Langlade 

Humboldt 

Chester 

San  Pete 

Pike 

Black  Hawk 

Tama 

Coffey 

Cowley  „ 

Greenwood 

Saline 

Dent 

Donglas 

Howell 


State. 


Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Mich. 

Mich.... 

Dakota. 

La..... 

Kau„ 

Kaa.. 

N.T.. 

Mo... 

N.  0- 

Ind... 

lud... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Mass.... 

Mich.. 

Mo 

.Mo  .... 

N.  Y... 

N.  Y... 

Ohio„. 

Ohio... 

Ohio„. 

Ohio... 

Ohio... 

Ohio... 

Tenn . 

W.  Va... 

Wis... 

Minn 

Mo.... 

N.  Y.. 

Ohio.. 

Ind... 

Md... 

Ohio.. 

N.Y.. 

Iowa. ... 

Va.... 

Ind.., 

Ind... 

Ind.., 

Mo... 

Pa 

Iowa, 

Pa 

Iowa, 

Iowa. 

Dakota. 

Wash... 

Mic4i.... 

Ky 

N.Y 

Conn.... 
Wash... 

B.  I 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis 

Nev 

Pa. 

Utah.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1S80. 


242 
1,118 


606 

1,820 

1,310 

1,927 

971 

694 


3,952 
680 
1,654 
2,119 
1,863 


1,163 

1,359 

2,543 

653 

929 


147 
143 


403 
'691 


364 
T,14i 


2,014 

370 

1,939 


268 
76 


2,086 

1,068 

33 


2,253 

1,608 

1,522 

1,492 

1,117 

475 

236 

477 

323 


426 
1,061 


623 

1,009 

707 

673 


726 

1,281 

386 

448 


593 

15 

413 

1,473 

170 

84 

718 

136 

96 

1,133 

2,493 

1,320 

1,803 

1,655 

1,392 

824 

7,466 

1,196 

2,021 

2,268 

2,382 

700 

1,646 

1,552 

996 

686 

898 

169 

217 

226 

1,091 

295 

167 

670 

69 

253 

84 

632 

196 

1,236 

314 

2,039 

527 

2,121 

330 

355 

340 

80 

306 

277 

50 

350 

56 

448 

72 

3,207 

94 

169 

219 

2,662 

945 

194 

743 

151 

336 

2,340 

2,235 

1,524 

1,538 

1,264 

387 

176 

663 

379 

166 

658 

1,304 

273 

129 

1,112 

989 

1,365 

707 

974 

616 

611 

295 

1,200 

3,138 

676 

1,069 


Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek p.tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spriug  Creek p.tp. 

Spring  Creek p.v. 

Springdale p.v, 

Springdale tp. 

Springdale p.v, 

Springdale p.h, 

Springdale ~tp. 

Springdale -.tp. 

Springdale tp. 

Springdale tp. 

Springdale ».p.v. 

Springdale h. 

Springdale p.tp. 


P.h. 

PV- 

....p.v. 

P.h. 

.,„.h. 
..~.p.v. 


Springer.... 

Springerton.. 

Springerville 

Springfield... 

Springfield... 

Springfield... 

Springfield..., 

Springfield _.tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.tp 

Springfield -.tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v, 

Springfield p.h. 

Springfield p.tp. 

Springfield c. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.tp 

Springfield c. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.h. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield _.tp. 

Springfield _.p.h. 

Springfield -.c. 

Springfield „tp. 

Springfield „.tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield „.tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield  > ...tp. 

Springfield ......tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield .....tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield ..p.tp. 

Springfield ...tp. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield ..tp. 

Springfield ..tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield tp. 

SpriugfielU tp. 

Springfield „tp. 

Springfield _.v. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield _.p.v. 

Springfield h. 

Springfield „.p.v. 

Springfield ..h. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield ..tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield  Centre. p.h. 
Springfield  Store...  p.v. 

Spring  Garden tp. 

Spriug  Garden p.v. 

Spring  Garden v. 

Spring  Garden tp. 

Spring  Green tp. 


County. 


Maries 

Phelps 

Madison 

Miami 

Klk. 

Warren 

Rockingham. 

Washington. 

Cedar. 

Cedar 

Leavenworth 

Sumner. 

Manistee 

Redwood 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Kane. 

Dane 

Colfax 

White 

Apache 

Couway 

Tuolumne 

Bonbomme 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Allen _ 

Franklin 

La  Grange , 

La  Porte 

Cedar 

Winneshiek 

Washington 

Livingston 

Penobscot. 

Hampden 

Kalkaska. 

Oakland 

Greene 

Henry 

Cottonwood.. 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Union 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Clark , 

Clark 

Gallia 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Lucu.4 

Mahoning 

Muskingum 

Richland 

Boss 

Summit 

Williams 

Lane 

Bradford 

Bucks. 

Chester.. 

Cumberland 

Delaware 

Erie 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Huntingdon 

Mercer 

Montgomery 

Northumberland. 

York 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Page 

Hampshire 

Monroe 

Dane. 

Jackson 

Marquette 

St  Croix 

Walworth 

Otsego 

Queens 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland, 

York 

Sauk 


Bute. 


Mo...., 

Mo  „., 

N.  0. 

Ohio.... 

Pa... 

Pa... 

Va.. 

Ark. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa., 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Mich., 

Minn. 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah. 
Wis.., 
N.  Mex. 
111.. 
Arizona 

Ark 

Cal 

Dakota. 

Ill 

111. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Ky... 

La..., 

Me..., 

Mass. 

Mich 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Minn .. 
N.  H.... 
N.  H..., 
N.  J.... 
N.J... 
N.Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio .... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..., 

Ohio 

Oregon, 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

W.Va... 
W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 


Popalation. 


1870.      1880. 


244 
1,119 

944 
1,606 

367 
1,116 


1,639 


1,138 


17,364 
2,447 
1,749 
1,613 

928 
1,072 
1,609 
1,260! 

602 


879 
26,703 


1,378 
6,556 


781 


1,761 

770 

2,022 


12,662 

3,r 

1,824 
6,648 


826 
701 
2,160 
4,022 
2,046 
1,238 
2,086 
1,981 


1,456 
2,661 


1,267 
1,742 
1,629 


738 
1,318 
1,222 


1.968 
2,937 
1,337 


1,439 
711 
261 
372 


1,337 

see 


3,040 
1,166 


347 

1,621 

1,604 

1,682 

467 

1,309 

109 

198 

1,862 

172 

41 

687 

102 

307 

738 

456 

60 

1,006 

34 

133 

364 

61 

44 

235 

19,743 

3,481 

1,899 

1,376 

1,017 

1,076 

1,402 

1,037 

610 

99 

878 

33,340 

404 

1,272 

6,523 

941 

283 

732 

78 

1,886 

844 

2,016 

74 

20,730 

3,725 

1,782 

7,975 

284 

817 

706 

2,474 

1,280 

1,617 

1,287 

2,332 

2,117 

160 

1,516 

2,525 

214 

144 

1,772 

1,792 

1,713 

119 

816 

1,464 

1,635 

MO 

1,864 

3,144 

1,686 

42 

149 

61 

1,240 

838 

428 

1,373 

ISO 

64 

197 

1,363 

168 

153 

4410 

1,090 


I  In  1870,  including  Lexington. 


31>1 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAKED. 


Place. 


Spring  Green p.v. 

Spring  Grove tp. 

Spring  Grove v. 

Spring  Grove tp. 

Spring  Grove p.h. 

Spring  Grove tp. 

Spring  Grove p.v. 

Spring  Grove v. 

Spring  Grove tp. 

Spring  Hill p.v. 

Spring  Hill tp. 

Spring  Hill p.v. 

Spring  Hill p.tp. 

Spring  Hill p.h. 

Spring  Hill tp. 

Spring  Hill V. 

Spring  Hill tp. 

Spring  Hill tp. 

Spring  Hill tp. 

Spring  Hill p.v. 

Spring  Hill p.v. 

Spring  Hill v. 

Spring  Hills p.v. 

Spring  Hollow tp. 

Spring  Lake tp. 

Spring  Lake tp. 

Spring  Lake p.v. 

Spring  Lake tp. 

Spring  Lake. ........p.h. 

Spring  Lake tp. 

Spring  Lick p.h. 

Spring  Mill v. 

Spring  Mills p.h. 

Spring  Mills p.v. 

Spring  Mount h. 

Spring  Mountain...p.h. 

Spring  Place p.v. 

Spring  Point tp. 

Spriugport p.v. 

Springport tp. 

Springport p.v. 

Springport tp. 

Spring  Prairie tp. 

Spring  Prairie p.h. 

Spring  River tp. 

Spring  Rock tp. 

Spring  Run p.h. 

Springs 

Spring  Station 

Springtowu 

Springtown 

Springtown 

Sprlngvale .V. 

Spring  Vale p.tp. 

Springvale p.v. 

Spring  Vale p.tp. 

Spring  Vale p.tp. 

Springvale tp. 

Springvale tp. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spring  Valley p.tp. 

Spring  Valley p.v. 

Spring  Valley  1 tp. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spring  Valley p.v. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spring  Valley p.v. 

Spring  Valley p.h. 

Spring  Valley tp. 

Spriugville p.v. 

Springville v. 

Spriugville p.v. 

Springville p.v. 

Springville v. 

Springville „.tp. 

Springville p.v. 

Springville h. 

Springville v. 

Springville tp. 

Springville p.v. 

Springville  „ p.v. 

Springville p.v. 

Springville tp. 

Springville p.v. 

Spring  Water tp. 

Springwater tp. 

SpringwHter p.v. 

Spring  Water p.tp, 


..p.v. 
.p.v. 
.ph. 
,.p.h. 
.p.v. 


County. 


State. 


Sauk 

Warren 

Warren 

Linn 

Union 

Houston 

Houston 

York 

Green 

Warren „ 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Stearns 

Livingston 

Wilson 

Fulton 

Fayette 

Greene 

Sumter. 

Maury , 

Navarro 

Augusta 

Champaign.... 

Laclede 

Tazewell 

Ottawa ^... 

Ottawa 

Scott 

Cayuga 

Pierce 

Grayson 

Montgomery... 

Alleghany 

Centre 

Huntingdon... 

Coshocton 

Murray 

Cumberland..., 

Henry 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Cayuga 

Walworth , 

Walworth 

Lawrence 

Clinton 

Franklin....... 

Suffolk 

Spencer , 

Benton 

Ulster 

Parker , 

Randolph 

Pratt 

York 

Isanti 

Charlevoix...., 

Columbia 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Colusa , 

Dallas 

Monona 

Cherokee 

McPherson...., 

Fillmore , 

Fillmore 

Shannon  

Rockland 

Greene 

Greene 

Richland 

Rock 

St.  Clair. 

Humboldt 

Lawrence...... 

Linn 

Greenup 

Wexford. , 

Erie , 

Cumberland..., 

Lancaster 

Susquehanna., 
Susquehanna., 

Henry 

Utah 

Adams , 

Vernon , 

Rock 

Livingston .... 
Livingston .... 
Waushara 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn.... 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  0 

Tenn ... 

Tex 

Va 

Ohio — 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn .. 
N.  ¥-.. 

Wis 

Ky 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ind 

Mioh.... 
Mich.... 
N.  T-... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 

Ind 

Ark 

N.  Y 

Tex . 

Ga. 

Kan 

Me 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Wis . 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan..... 
Kan  .... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis. 

Wis 

AU 

CaL...... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 
Utah .... 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn ... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 


422 
1,080 


796 


1,331 


1,236 


959 


1,644 
1,484 
1,142 


172 


867 
1,836 
1,166 

939 


386 


248 
833 


2,176 
1,209 


1,098 
1,694 


93 


797 
1,246 
850 
908 
142 
2,364 


1,279 
261 


1,655 
290 


1,263 


107 
1,006 


1,424 


1,661 
386 


2,174 


466 


450 

1,400 
619 

1,028 
67 

1,281 
293 
208 

1,166 
137 

1,291 
502 
648 
31 
935 
147 

1,558 

1,721 

1,950 
400 
152 
132 
151 
606 
936 

2,384 

1,372 

1,166 

96 

843 

98 

788 

85 

278 

94 

55 

234 

876 

118 

1,468 
386 

2,126 

1,107 
80 

1,463 

1,431 

43 

339 

144 

96 

35 

166 

152 

83 

1,116 
350 
336 
680 

1,158 

1,685 

1,838 
467 

2,499 
668 

1,256 
850 
209 
810 

1,562 

376 

81 

1,172 
185 
163 
237 
366 
321 
150 

1,227 

86 

587 

1,410 
165 
117 

2,312 
437 
187 
198 

2,279 
339 
677 


Place. 


Springwater p.h. 

Springwells tp. 

Spruce tp. 

Spruce  Creek „p.v. 

Spruce  Hill p.tp. 

Spruce  Hill. p.tp. 

Spruce  vale p.h. 

Spurr tp. 

Squantnm h. 

Squaw tp. 

Squaw  Grove. tp. 

Staceyville.. h. 

Staceyville pint. 

Stacyville tp. 

Stacyville p.v. 

Stafford p.tp- 

Stafford tp, 

Stafford ....tp, 

Stafford p.tp. 

Stafford* tp. 

Stafford tp. 

Stafford p.v. 

Stafford p.v. 

Stafford  Spring^.... p.b. 

Staffordville p.  v. 

Staffordville p.h. 

Stagg's  Creek .p.tp. 

Stamp h. 

Stamford tp. 

Stamford p.b. 

Stamford tp. 

Stamford _p.v, 

Stamford tp. 

Stamford p.v. 

Stamper's  Creek.  ...p.tp. 
Stamping  Ground. .p.v. 

Stanardsville p.v. 

Stanberry p.v. 

Stancbfield -p.tp. 

Standing  Bock v. 

Standing  Stone p.tp. 

Standisb. tp. 

Standisb p.v. 

Standisb. tp. 

Standisb p.v. 

Stanfoldi tp. 

Stanford tp. 

Stanford p.v. 

Stanford b. 

Stanford p.b. 

Stanford p.v. 

Stanford tp. 

Stanford tp. 

Stanford  ville p.v. 

Stanhope p.v. 

Stanley ...p.Iu 

Stanley tp. 

Stanley p.v. 

Stanleyville p.h. 

Stannard p.tp, 

Stanton p.v. 

Stanton tp. 

Stanton p.v. 

Stanton tp. 

Stanton tp. 

Stanton p.tp, 

Stanton p.h. 

Stanton p.v. 

Stanton p.tp, 

Stanton p.v. 

Stanton p.v. 

Stanton v. 

Stanton tp. 

Stanton p.tp. 

Stanton  Depot p.v, 

Stanton  Hill v. 

Stantonsburg tp. 

Stantonsburg -  p.h. 

Stanton's  Mill p.h. 

Stauwix p.h. 

Stan  wood. p.v. 

Stanwood p.v. 

Stapleton p.tp. 

Star tp. 

Star  City p.v. 

Stark tp. 

Stark p.h. 

Stark tp. 

Stark* tp. 

Stark tp. 

Stark. p.v. 


County. 


Waushara 

Wayne 

Bates , 

Huntingdon-..., 

Douglas -..., 

Juniata. 

Columbiana-...., 

Baraga 

Norfolk. 

Warren 

De  Kalb.......... 

Monroe 

Penobscot 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Tolland 

De  Kalb 

Greene.- ..., 

Stafford- 

Ocean 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Monroe.. 

Tolland. 

Tolland 

Ocean 

Ashe „,.., 

Carroll - 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Delaware. 

Delaware 

Bennington 

Bennington..... 

Orange 

Scott 

Greene 

Gentry 

Isanti 

Boreman 

Bradford 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Bay 

Bay 

Barrun 

Clay 

McLean 

Daviess 

Monroe 

Lincoln  

Isanti 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Sussex 

Johnson 

Lyon 

Ontario 

Washington 

Caledonia 

New  Castle...... 

Champaign 

Montgomery.... 
Plymouth........ 

Linn 

Miami 

Powell 

Montcalm. 

Goodhue 

Stanton 

Hunterdon 

Westmoreland.. 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Haywood 

Luzerne 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Somerset 

Oneida 

Cedar 

Mecosta 

Chickasaw 

Coffey 

Pulaski 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Brown 

Hickory 

Coos 

Coos 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Wis...... 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Pa. 

Minn .., 

Pa , 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
Masa... 
lowa. .., 

Ill 

Iowa..., 

Me 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Conn.... 

Ind 

Ind , 

Kan 

N.  J.... 
N.  Y-.., 

N.  Y 

Ohio...., 
Conn..., 
Conn... 
N.  J.... 

N.O 

111 

Conn..., 
Conn..., 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y... 

Vt 

Vt 

Ind 

Ky 

Va 

Mo 

Minn .. 

Dak 

Pa 

Me 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Wis..,. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Minn... 
N.  Y„ 
N.Y. 
N.  J.„ 
Kan.. 
Minn 
N.Y. 
Ohio.. 

Vt , 

Del..., 

Ill 

Iowa., 
Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Kan. 
Ky.... 
Mich., 
Minn 
Neb.., 
N.  J... 

Pa 

Wis... 
Wis... 
Tenn. 

Pa , 

N.  G... 
N.  C... 

Pa 

N.  Y„ 
Iowa., 
Mich., 
Iowa., 
Kan.. 
Ind..., 

Me 

Me 

Minn ... 
Mo.., 
N.  H.... 
N.H 


3,488 
1,506 


696 


138 
344 


3,405 
684 
841 


1,614 
1,847 


150 


861 
'9,714 
T,668 
'"633 


827 


905 
2,089 


1,349 
274 


752 

215 

2,116 


228 
'i',08'8 


356 
628 
844 
73 
600 
489 


1,007 


115 
1,083 


447 

1,130 

464 


Tn  1880,  exclusive  of  the  villaige  of  Spring  Valley. 
392 


*  In  1874,  part  to  Eaglewood. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Stark tp. 

Stark tp. 

Stiirke p.r 

Starkey p.tp. 

Starksbo  rough tp. 

StarkBborough p.T. 

Starkville h. 

Starkville p.T. 

Star  Laka p.tp, 

Star  Prairie p.tp. 

Starr ......tp. 

Starr „ ..^..p.tp. 

Starrucca p.b. 

Stateburg p.tp. 

State  Centre tp. 

State  Centre p.T. 

State  Line p.T. 

State  Line p.T. 

State  Line  Mills... .p.T. 
State  Line  Station.p.h. 

Stately tp. 

Statenville p.b. 

State  Range ^..tp. 

Stateabo  rough p.b. 

Stateeville tp. 

Statesville p.T. 

StatesTille p.T. 

Staunton tp. 

Staunton p.T. 

Staunton p.T. 

Staunton p.h. 

Staunton tp. 

Staunton h. 

Staunton c. 

Stay  ton p.T, 

Steady  Run tp. 

Steamboat  Ruck.... p.T. 

Steaniburg p.T. 

Steam  Corners p.h. 

fitecoah p.tp. 

Steel  Creek p.tp. 

Steele tp. 

Steele  City p.T. 

Steele's tp. 

Steelesville p.T. 

Steel's  Depot p.h. 

Steelton p.b. 

Steelville p.T. 

Steelville p.h. 

Steen tp. 

Steep  Falls p.T. 

Steerpen „.tp. 

Steilacoom  City p.T. 

SteinerariUe h. 

Steinsburg p.T. 

Stellaville p.b. 

Stelton p.h. 

Stelvideo p.h. 

Stemtou p.T. 

Stendal p.T. 

Stephenson tp. 

Stephenson tp. 

Stephenson p.T. 

Stepheusport p.T. 

StephensTille p.T. 

Stepheusville p.T. 

Btephentown p.tp. 

Sterling p.tp. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling c. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling t. 

Sterling p.h. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling p.T. 

Sterling p.tp. 

Sterling p.T. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling p.T. 

Sterling p.T. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling p.T. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling t. 

Sterling  1 p.tp. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling tp. 

Sterling  Bush p.T. 

Sterling  Bun .p.T. 


County. 


Herkimer 

YemoD 

Bradford 

Tates 

Addison 

Addison 

Oktilbeiia!.'."! 

Otter  Tail 

St.  Croix 

Cloud 

Hocking 

Wayne 

Sumter 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Warren , 

Franklin 

McKesn 

Greene 

Brown 

Echols 

Yuba 

Bulloch 

Iredell 

Iredell 

Wilson 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Clay , 

Fayette 

Miami 

Miami 

Augusta 

Marion , 

Keokuk 

Hardin 

Cattaraugus.., 

Morrow 

Graham 

Mecklenburg 

Daviess 

Jefferson 

Richmond 

Randolph 

St.  Clair 

Dauphin 

Crawford 

Chester... 

Knox 

Cumberland.., 
Chesterfield... 

Pierce 

Belmont 

Bucks „,, 

Jefferson 

Middlesex 

Darke 

Northampton. 

Pike 

Marion 

Menominee..., 
Menominee..., 
Breckenridge. 

firath 

Outagamie ..., 

Rensselaer 

Windham 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Crawford 

Fountain 

Jackson  

Hodgeman .... 

Rice 

Rice 

Worcester 

Bay 

Macomb 

Blue  Earth.... 

Johnson 

Morris 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Brown 

Clearfield 

Wayne 

Polk 

Vernon 

Lewis 

Cameron 


State. 


N.  T 

Wis.-... 

Fla 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Ga 

Miss.... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Kan 

Ohio 

Pa. 

S.C 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa 

Miss.... 
Minn ... 

Ga 

Cal 

Ga 

N.  C... 
N.  0-... 
Tenn.... 

Ill„ 

Ill 

Ind 

Ohio_... 

Ohio 

Ohlo„... 

Va 

Oregon. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

N.Y 

Ohlo„... 

N.  0 

N.  0 

Ind 

Neb 

N.  0 

Ill 

Ala 

Pa. 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ind 

Me 

8.  G 

Wash... 

Ohio 

Pa_ 

Ga 

N.J 

Ohio„... 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ky 

Tex 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Conn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan„... 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Neb.-... 

N.J 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Pa- 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,541 
756 


2,370 
1,361 


476 


773 


1,551 

476 

2,096 

1,076 

659 


880 


1,656 
644 


689 
1,317 
6,126 
"i',038 


1,961 
738 


232 
T,285 

'545 
"■"73 


160 


2,133 
1,022 
4,710 
3,998 
1,327 


1,670 


1,649 
661 


2,840 
ii394 


1,454 

260 

1,060 


1,476 
954 
292 

2,729 

1,249 

361 

80 

1,600 
180 
944 
566 

1,411 
536 

3,061 

1,639 

880 

268 

166 

200 

97 

153 

51 

713 

29 

2,967 

1,062 
117 

2,797 

1,358 

581 

68 

1,292 
63 

6,664 
226 
866 
623 
242 
62 
661 

2,022 

1,415 
375 

2,303 

490 

98 

2,447 

410 

79 

1,216 
239 

2,080 

250 

60 

105 

74 

79 

66 

289 

112 

814 

1,222 
180 
218 
725 
188 

1,986 
957 

6,837 

5,087 

1,992 

144 

92 

629 

1,702 

1,014 

1,414 
160 

2,088 
704 
560 
185 

3,034 
167 

1,662 

1,272 
706 
406 

1,382 
108 
411 


Place. 


Sterling's  Milla tp. 

Sterling  Valley  ...-.p.T. 

Sterrett tp. 

Stetson -tp. 

Stetson -p.T. 

Stettin -.p.tp. 

Steuben tp. 

Steuben tp. 

Steuben tp. 

Steuben tp. 

Steuben p.T, 

Steuben p.tp. 

Steuben tp. 

SteubenTille h. 

Steubenville c. 

SteubenTille tp. 

Stevensburg h. 

StoTensburg p.h. 

SteTenaon p.T. 

SteTens  Point c. 

SteTens  Point tp. 

StevensTille t. 

SteTensTille p.h. 

Steveusville p.T. 

Steward's  Mills.. ..-T. 

Stewardson p.T. 

Stewardson tp. 

Stewart p.h. 

Stewart tp. 

Stewart p.h. 

Stewart's  Creek tp. 

Stewart's  Creek tp. 

Stewartson  Furnace. t. 
Stewart's  Run..,. ...p.h. 
Stewart's  Station. ..p.h. 

Stewartstown tp. 

Stewartstown p.T. 

Stewartstown p.b. 

StewartsTille p.T. 

StewartSTille p.T. 

StewartsTille -.p.T. 

StewartSTille tp. 

StewartSTille -.b. 

StickleyTille p.h. 

Stiles p.h. 

Stiles p.tp. 

Stilesbo  rough -p.T. 

Stilesville p.h. 

Stillman  Valley p.h. 

StillmanTllle- v. 

Still  Pond p.T. 

Still  River p.T. 

Still  Valley h. 

Stillwater c. 

Stillwater tp. 

Stillwater tp. 

Stillwater p.T. 

Stillwater tp. 

Stillwater p.T. 

Stillwell p.h. 

Stine's  Corner p.h. 

Stittville p.T. 

Stitzer p.h. 

Stock tp. 

Stock..... tp. 

Stockbridge....„....tp. 

Stockbridge p.  v. 

Stockbridge tp. 

Stockbridge p.T. 

Stockbridge tp. 

Stockbridge p.T. 

Stockbridge tp. 

Stockbridge p.h. 

Stockbridge tp. 

Stockbridge p.T. 

Stockdale p.h. 

Stockertown p.T. 

Stockholm tp. 

Stockholm tp. 

Stockholm p.tp. 

Stockholm p.tp. 

Stockholm  Centre..p.h. 
Stockholm  Depot. .p.T. 

Stockland tp. 

Stockport tp. 

Stockport p.T, 

Stockport p.T. 

Stockton -c. 

Stockton p.T. 

Stockton T. 

Stockton p.tp. 


County. 


Robeson 

Cayuga- , 

Alleghany 

Penobscot 

Penobscot-.... 

Marathon 

Marshall 

Steuben 

Warren , 

Washington- 
Washington-. 

Oneida 

Crawford 

Steuben 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Cattaraugus-. 

Culpeper- 

Jackson 

Portage 

Portage- 

Queen  Anne.. 

Missoula 

King  and  Queen. 

Franklin , 

Shelby 

Potter 

McLeod 

Fayette 

Houston 

Harnett 

Surry 

Armstrong 

Forest 

Hale 

Coos 

Coos 

York 

Posey 

De  Kalb 

Warren 

Richmond 

Westmoreland, 

Lee 

DaTis- 

Oconto 

Bartow 

Hendricks 

Ogle 

Washington... 

Kent- 

Worcester 

Warren 

Washington-.. 
Washington-.. 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Hancock 

Lehigh 

Oneida 

Grant 

Harrison 

Noble 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Ingham 

Ingham- 

Madison 

Madison 

Windsor , 

Windsor 

Calumet 

Calumet. 

Wilson 

Northampton.. 

Crawford 

Wright 

St  Lawrence... 

Pepin , 

St  Lawrence.. 
St.  Lawrence.., 

Iroquois , 

Columbia.- 

Columbia- 

Mor^n 

San  Joaquin.... 

Clinch 

Coles 

Jo  DaTiess 


State. 


N.  0 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Me 

Me. 

Wia.-.. 

IlL 

Ind 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

N.Y-.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
N.  Y.... 

Va 

Ala 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Md 

Mon-.. 

Va. 

Me 

Ill 

Pa. 

Minn.. 

Pa 

Tenn .. 
N.  0-.. 
N.  0-.. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Ala 

N.  H... 
N.  H-.. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mo 

N.J-.. 
N.  C-... 

Pa. 

Va 

Iowa.,.. 

Wis. 

Ga. , 

Ind 

Ill 

B.I 

Md 

Mass.... 
N.  J-... 
Minn... 
Minn... 
N.  J — 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Wis. 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Mass.... 

Mass 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis-.... 

Tex 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.Y_... 

ni- 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 
Ohio..... 

Oal 

Ga- 

HI- 

IlL. 


Popnlatioii. 


1870.     1880. 


1,088 


»37 

"*n2 

1,478 
1,253 
1,068 
1,062 


1,261 
1,020 


8,107 
2,100 


1,810 

86 


210 
T,26« 


997 
790 


909 


1,887 


373 


4,124 

382 

1,632 


3,401 
737 


243 


771 
1,660 
2,003 


892 
T,847 
1,269 
'i*978 


634 

3,819 

499 


687 
1,438 


289 
10,066 


1,S14 


1,313 

111 

2,366 

729 

184 

684 

1,088 

1,667 

1,316 

1,166 

266 

1,223 

788 

67 

12,093 

1,067 

91 

61 

241 

4,449 

669 

124 

47 

200 

161 

388 

223 

80 

1,497 

92 

1,331 

1,169 

290 

86 

41 

968 

188 

303 

133 

637 

600 

3,662 

44 

30 

49 

82S 

256 

295 

98 

369 

194 

140 

48 

9,065 

693 

1,602 

117 

3,418 

877 

90 

00 

184 

36 

713 

1,643 

2,367 

733 

1,003 

160 

2,023 

217 

1,124 

6« 

2.178 

195 

97 

143 

640 

1,180 

3,441 

763 

60 

140 

079 

1,980 

308 

335 

10,288 

200 

83t 

l,80t 


26 


1  In  1877,  part  to  Dreher. 


393 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETUKNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Stock  toe tp. 

Stockton h. 

Stockton p.T. 

Stockton tp. 

Stockton p.y. 

Stockton.. p.tp. 

Stockton.. p.T. 

Stockton.. p.T. 

Stockton p.T, 

Stockton tp. 

Stockton p.T. 

Stockton p.tp. 

Stockton p.tp. 

Stockton  Homestead.T. 

Stockwell p.T. 

Stoddard p.tp. 

StohrTille tp. 

Stokes tp. 

Stokes tp. 

Stokes  Bridge p.tp. 

Stone  Bank p.T. 

Stone  Bluffs p.h. 

Stoneborough p.b. 

Stoneburg t. 

Stone  Church .p.h. 

Stone  Cliff p.h. 

Stoneham tp. 

Stoneham. p.tp. 

Stoneham p.T. 

Stone  Lick .p.tp. 

Stone  Mountain p.T. 

Stonerstown t. 

Stonersville p.b. 

StoueylUe p.T. 

Stonewall p.T. 

Stonewall p.T. 

Stonewall  Factory .y. 

Stonington tp. 

Stonington p.b. 

Stonington tp. 

Stonington p.T. 

Stony  Battery tp. 

Stony  Brook tp. 

Stony  Brook p.T. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Crisek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek h. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek p.tp, 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek p.tp. 

Stony  Fork p.tp. 

Stony  Point p.tp. 

Stony  Point h. 

Stony  Bun p.tp. 

Storden p.tp. 

Storm  Lake p.y. 

Stormstown p.T. 

Story  City p.T. 

Stottville p.T. 

Stouchsburg p.T. 

Stuughstown p.h. 

Stoughton P-tp. 

Stoughton p.tp. 

Stoutland p.T. 

Stouts  ville p.T. 

StoutsTille p.T. 

Stow p.tp. 

Stow> p.tp. 

Stow tp. 

Stow  Creek tp. 

Stowe tp. 

Stowe tp. 

Stowe p.T. 

Stowe  Prairie tp. 

Stoyestown .p.b. 

Strabane tp. 

Strafford .p.tp. 

Strafford tp. 

Strafford p.T. 

Strahmbnrg h. 

Straight  Creek tp. 

Straits .p.tp, 

StraitsTille t. 

Strand .tp. 

Stranger tp. 

StrasbuTg p.y. 


County. 


Greene 

Owen 

Muscatine 

Books 

Bocks 

Waldo 

Worcester. 

Winona 

Cedar 

Camden. 

Hunterdon 

Chautauqua... 

Portage 

San  Joaquin.... 

Tippecanoe 

Cheshire 

Harper 

Logan 

Madison 

Darlington 

Waukesha 

Fountain 

Mercer , 

Alleghany 

Genesee 

Fayette 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Warren 

Clermont , 

De  Kalb 

Bedford 

Berks 

Bocklugham ., 

Cherokee 

Pamlico 

Clarke 

New  London... 
New  London.. 

Christian 

Christian 

Newberry 

Grant 

Suffolk 

Colusa 

Henry , 

Madison 

Randolph 

Oakland 

Warren 

Caswell 

Nash 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Somerset 

Watauga 

Bockland ', 

Berks 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Cottonwood 

Buena  Vista 

Centre 

Story 

Columbia 

Berks 

Cumberland 

Norfolk. 

Dane 

Camden 

Monroe 

Fairfield 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Summit 

Cumberland 

Alleghany , 

Lamoille , 

Lamoille , 

Todd 

Somerset 

Adams 

Strafford , 

Orange , 

Orange , 

Cedar , 

Jackson 

Carteret 

Perry 

Polk 

LeaTenworth 

Shelby 


State. 


Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. .., 
Kan .... 
Kan...., 

Me 

Md 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.J...., 

N.  J 

N.  T.... 

Wis 

Cal 

Ind 

N.H.... 
Kan.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

S.C 

Wis 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  T.... 
W.  Va.. 

Me 

Mass... 

Pa. 

Ohio.... 

Ga 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  C... 
Ala....; 
N.  C... 
Miss.... 
Conn... 
Conn... 

Ill 

Ill 

S.C 

Minn... 
N,  Y... 

CM 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 
N.  Y..., 

N.  C 

N.  C... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.C 

N.  Y.. 

Pa 

Minn . 

Minn . 

Iowa. .. 

Pa. 

Iowa.. 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass.. 

Wis.... 

Mo 

Mo...., 

Ohio... 

Me 

Mass.. 

Ohio... 

N.  J... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.H... 

Vt. 

Vt 

Neb.... 

Kan... 

N.C... 

Ohio... 

Minn . 

Kan.... 

lU 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,240 


2,089 


2,381 


1,639 
1,023 


403 
667 


673 

98G 

1,385 


471 


425 
4,513 


1,880 
690 


6,313 


738 


1,901 


686 

934 

1,082 

1,212 


1,127 
1,368 


1,526 

366 

3,205 


397 


4,914 
985 


160 

427 
1,813 

925 
1,122 

739 
2,049 


288 
1,547 
1,1 
1,290 


1,323 


1,372 

47 

116 

656 

411 

1,548 

252 

214 

407 

3,532 

577 

1,868 

1,346 

367 

373 

553 

606 

1,095 

1,285 

1,300 

101 

60 

1,186 

350 

C6 

85 

475 

4,890 

241 

1,871 

799 

241 

87 

100 

133 

209 

145 

7,355 

1,755 

997 

137 

2,628 

281 

549 

1,453 

947 

1,483 

1,337 

98 

1,253 

1,615 

1,897 

1,492 

881 

1,727 

664 

3,308 

50 

630 

209 

1,034 

101 

331 

720 

356 

85 

4,875 

1,363 

182 

118 

340 

401 

1,045 

911 

1,107 

867 

1,896 

523 

393 

319 

1,712 

1,531 

1,181 

148 

63 

976 

1,149 

308 

118 

1,330 

104 


Place. 


Connty. 


Strasburg p.h. 

Strasburg p.y. 

Strasburg tp. 

Strasburg p.b. 

Strasburg p.T. 

Stratford p.tp. 

Stratford p.tp, 

Stratford tp, 

Stratford p.T, 

Stratliam p.tp. 

Stratton tp. 

Stratton p.tp. 

StrattonTille p.b. 

Straughn's  Station.p.v, 

Strausstown p.y. 

Strawberry .p.tp. 

Strawberry  Point...p.T. 

Strawn p.T. 

Strawn pJi, 

Streator p.T. 

Streetsborough p.tp. 

Strinestown p.T. 

Strington h. 

Stringtown t. 

Stringtown h. 

Stringtown h. 

Strodersville p.h. 

Stronach. tp. 

Strouach. p.T. 

Strong p.tp. 

Strong's  Prairie p.tp. 

StrongsTille p.tp. 

Stroud p.T. 

Stroud tp. 

Stroudsburg p.b. 

Strutbers  Station. ..p.T. 

Stryker p.T, 

Stuart p.T. 

Stump p.h. 

Stump  Sound .p.tp. 

Stumptown h 

Stumpy  Point p.tp. 

Sturbridge p.tp. 

Sturgeon p.T. 

Sturgeon  Bay .tp. 

Sturgeon  Bay p.T. 

Sturgis p.h. 

Sturgis tp. 

Sturgis p.y. 

Stuyyesant tp. 

Stuyyesant p.y. 

Suamico p.tp. 

Sublett p.h, 

Sublette tp. 

Sublette p.y. 

Sudbury* tp. 

Sudbury p.y. 

Sudbury p.tp. 

Sudlersville p.y. 

Sue  City p.h. 

Suez p.tp. 

Suffield p.tp. 

Snffield tp. 

Suffield p.y. 

Suffolk y. 

Suffolk p.y. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek p.tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek  » tp. 

Sugar  Creek  <. tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek p.tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Fork tp. 

Sugar  Grove p.tp. 


Cass 

Tuscarawas.. 

Lancaster. 

Lancaster 

Shenandoah 

Fairfield 

Cooe 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Bockingham 

Edgar 

Windham 

Clarion 

Henry 

Berks 

Washington- 

Clayton 

Livingston , 

Coffey 

La  Salle 

Portage .,... 

York 

Marshall 

Fountain 

Boone 

Cambria 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Franklin 

Adams 

Cuyahoga 

Muhlenburg 

Monroe 

Monroe .,.., 

Mahoning 

Williams 

Guthrie 

Bamsey. 

Onslow 

Lancaster. 

Dare 

Worcester 

Boone 

Door 

Door 

Lawrence. 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Brown 

Adair 

Lee 

Lee 

Middlesex ., 

Middlesex 

Rutland 

Queen  Anne 

Macon 

Mercer 

Hartford 

Portage 

Portage 

Schuylkill 

Nansemond 

Clinton -,„. 

Boone 

Clinton 

Hancock 

Montgomery 

Parke 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Cedar 

Poweshiek 

Miami 

Barry 

Harrison 

Bandolph 

Allen 

Greene 

Putnam 

Stark 

Tuscarawas , 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Venango 

Walworth 

Macon 

Kane 


State, 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Mo 

Ohio. 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Conn. 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  H 

Ill 

Vt 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa. 

Kan.... 
Iowa... 

Ill 

Kan 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ky 

Ind 

Ky 

Pa 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Mich 

Me.., 

Wis.. 

Ohio. 

Ky... 

Pa..,, 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa... 

Dak 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  C... 
Mass..,, 

Mo 

Wis 

Wis 

Dak 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„... 

Wis 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Md 

Mo 

Ill 

Conn.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Va 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  C 

Ill 


1,864 
1,008 

580 
3,032 

886 
1,163 


769 

1,621 

294 

356 


1,486 

706 


281 


634 

1,043 

896 


2,160 
1,793 


671 


1,515 


2,101 


690 


2,306 
1,768 
2,263 


1,074 


1,300 


2,091 


601 


1,176 
3,277 
1,444 


930 

2,359 

3,138 

964 

1,897 

1,176 

878 

1,028 

2,054 

739 

910 

444 

2,112 

1,133 

2,896 

1,016 

1,482 

1,037 

1,779 

1,482 

2,006 

1,023 

1,656 

992 

356 

787 


>  In  1871,  part  to  Mayuard. 
394 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Maynard.  •  In  1870,  part  to  Ash.  *  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


VlK^ 


Sugar  Orore tp. 

Sug:ar  Grove v. 

Sugar  Grove p.v. 

Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove p.v. 

Sugar  Island tp. 

Sugar  Loaf p.tp. 

Sugar  Loaf tp. 

Sugar  Loaf. tp. 

Sugar  Loaf. tp. 

Sugar  Notch p.b. 

Sugar  Bidge tp. 

Sugar  Bun p.T. 

Sugar  Tree  Bidge  ..p.h. 

SuggsTille p.T. 

Suisun „.tp. 

SuUun  City ..^...p.T. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.y. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.tp, 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.tp. 

Sullivant «tp. 

Sulphur  Bluff p.h. 

Sulphur  Bock p.v. 

Sulphur  Springs... .p.v. 
Sulphur  Springs....tp. 
Sulphur  Springs. ...p.v. 

Sulphur  Station p.h. 

Sulphur  Well ..T. 

Sulphur  Well p.h. 

Siiuimerfleld p.v. 

Suniuierfield p.tp. 

Summerfield tp. 

Siiuimorfield ....v. 

Siimmerfleld p.v, 

buiiiinerford tp. 

Suuimeiford p.v. 

Summer  Hill p.v. 

Sommer  Hill p.tp. 

Summer  Hill tp. 

Summer  Hill p.b. 

Summer  Hill tp. 

Summerset tp. 

Summerset p.h. 

Summer  Shade p.v. 

Summersville h. 

Summers  ville v. 

Summersville v. 

Summerville p.T. 

Sumnierville v. 

Sanimerville p.T, 

Summerville p.v. 

Summerville h. 

Summerville p.T. 

Summerville v. 

Summit. p.h. 

Summit! tp. 

Summit. p.T, 

Summit t. 

Summit. T, 

Summit p.h. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit ....tp. 

Snmmlt tp. 

Summit tp.> 

Summit. „..tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit „..tp. 

Summit ..,tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit p,T, 

Summit tp. 

Summit ...t. 

Summit ....tp. 

Summit p.T. 

Summit tp, 

Barnmlt p,T, 


County. 


Dallas 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Morcer 

Warren 

Warren 

Chippewa. 

Books. 

Alexander 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Clay ..,;. 

Bradford 

Highland 

Clarke 

Solano 

Solano 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Livingston..... 

Sullivan 

Hancock 

Polk 

Franklin 

Cheshire 

Madison 

Ashland 

Ashland , 

Tioga 

Laurens 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Ford 

Hopkins 

Independence 

Henry 

Butherforii.... 

Hopkins 

Henry 

Jessamine 

Metcalfe 

St  Clair„ 

Clare 

Monroe 

Bichmond. 

Noble 

Madison 

Madison 

Pike 

Cayuga 

Cambria 

Cambria , 

Crawford 

Adair 

Warren 

Metcalfe 

Macoupin- 

Colleton 

Nicholas 

Chattooga. 

Bichmond 

Cass 

Jefferson 

Susquehanna., 
Charleston ..... 

Caledonia 

Blount 

EfiSngham 

Cook 

Knox 

Moultrie 

DeKalb 

Adair 

Clay 

Marion 

O'Brien  - 

Chautauqua-.. 

Cloud 

Marion 

Saline 

Jackson- 

Mason 

Steele 

Pike 

Bates.- 

Macon 

Union 

Union 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 


State. 


Iowa... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich  .. 
Kan-.. 
N.  C-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

Ala 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Minn ,. 

Mo 

N.  H.„ 
N.  T-., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-,. 

Pa 

S.  C 

Wis.-.. 

Wl 

Ill 

Tex 

Ark,-.. 

Ind 

N.  0 ..., 
Tex.-.. 

Ky 

Ky 

Ky 

Ill 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-,. 
Ohio-,. 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.,,. 

Ky 

Ill 

S.C 

W.  Va, 

Ga. 

Ga 

Mich..., 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.  C .-... 

vt 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ill , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.  „. 
Iowa..,, 
Iowa,,,. 

Kan 

Kan ..... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 
Minn,., 
Miss..,. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N,  J  -., 
N.  Y-.., 
N.  Y-.., 


Population. 


1870,       1880. 


254 

511 

1,729 


238 


707 
759 

1,240 
724 

1,140 


1,842 
462 

2,658 
742 
921 

1,396 
796 


347 

4,921 

825 


1,637 
2.132 


1,556 
141 


246 

967 
921 


1,464 


470 
936 


1,036 
762 

T,232 
439 


1,482 


1,484 


863 
257 
322 


1,176 


1,126 

146 

262 

655 

1,861 

492 

644 

333 

828 

872 

1,390 

1,582 

1,533 

111 

79 

134 

1,944 

554 

3,689 

1,305 

1,260 

2,161 

1,023 

178 

155 

382 

4,803 

795 

117 

1,345 

2,403 

400 

1,367 

717 

63 

188 

256 

1,188 

1,854 

96 

100 

58 

640 

195 

1,829 

179 

435 

958 

323 

142 

1,028 

619 

343 

1,202 

1,080 

97 

170 

78 

735 

166 

340 

1,328 

123 

348 

80 

636 

720 

82 

1,114 

272 

128 

121 

66 

648 

231 

1,412 

161 

762 

977 

421 

148 

999 

387 

536 

1,604 

789 

100 

1,910 

1,011 

1,406 

121 


Place. 


Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit pJh, 

Summit p.T. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit  Grove p.h. 

Summit  Lake tp. 

Summit  Point -p.b. 

Summit  Station p,v. 

Summitville p.v. 

Summitville .....p.T. 

Summitville p.b. 

Summitville ...b. 

Sumner p.T. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.T, 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp, 

Sumner «.,.p.T, 

Sumner tp, 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp, 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp.. 

Sumner p.h. 

Sumner tp, 

Sumner' -.tp, 

Sumneytown .- p,T. 

Sumpter tp, 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumter p.tp. 

Sumter tp. 

Sumter tp. 

Sumter  C.  H p.T, 

Sunapee tp. 

Sunapee p.v. 

Sunbnry tp. 

Sunbury p.T. 

Sunbury v. 

Sunbury b. 

Sunbury p.b. 

Sun  City tp. 

Sun  City p.h. 

Suncook p.T. 

Sunderland p.tp. 

Sunderland p.tp. 

Sundown tp, 

Sunfleld p.tp. 

Sunflsh -tp, 

Sunman p.T. 

Sunny  Side p.h. 

Sunny  South „,,v. 

Sun  Prairie tp. 

Sun  Prairie p.T. 

Sunrise tp. 

Sunrise -b. 

Sunrise  City p.h. 

Sun  Biver p.h. 

Sunsbury -tp. 

Sunset p.T. 

Sunville p.b. 

Superior ....tp. 

Superior p.tp. 

Superior tp. 

Superior tp. 

Superior p.T, 

Superior tp. 

Superior p.tp. 

Surrey tp. 

Surry ^. 

Surry p.T, 

Surry tp. 

Surry p.h. 

Susan  Biver tp, 

SusauTille p.tp. 

Suspension  Bridge.p.T. 

Susquehanna -tp, 

Susquehanna -,tp. 


County. 


Monroe- m.... 

Butler 

Crawford 

Erie 

Potter 

Somerset 

Kent - 

Iron 

Juneau 

Waukesha 

Vermilion 

Nobles 

Lexington 

Schuylkill 

Madison 

Sullivan 

Columbiana  - 

Cambria. 

Kern 

Kankakee- 

Lawrence- 

Warren- 

Bremer 

Bremer 

Buchanan- 

Iowa 

Webster. 

Winneshiek 

Osborne 

Beno 

Sumner 

Oxford 

Gratiot 

Fillmore 

Guilford 

Barron 

Barron 

Jefferson 

Trempealeau 

Montgomery 

Cumberland , 

Wayne 

Sauk 

McLeod 

Sumter 

Williamsburg 

Sumter 

Sullivan 

SuUivau 

Livingston 

Delaware 

Montgomery 

Butler 

Northumberland. 

Barbour- 

Barbour 

Merrimac- 

Franklin 

Bennington- 

Bedwood 

Eaton - 

Pike 

Eipley 

Spalding 

Placer 

Dane 

Dane 

Chisago 

Wasatch 

Chisago- 

Lewis  and  Clarke. 

Monroe- 

Apache.-,.. 

Yenango 

Dickinson 

McPherson 


State. 


Washtenaw,- 

Nuckolls 

Williams 

Douglas- 

Clare 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Cheshire 

Cheshire ..... 

Lassen 

Lassen 

Niagara. 

Cambria... 

Dauphin », 


Ohio-., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa.,..,,. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

B.  I.-, 
Utah., 
Wis  „. 
WU.-. 
Ind.,,, 
Minn, 
S,  C.,., 
Pa-,... 
Ind  ... 
N.Y-. 
Ohio-, 

Pa. 

Cal .... 

m 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa,, 
Iowa,. 
Iowa., 
Iowa,. 
Iowa,, 
Iowa.. 
Kan-. 
Kan.. 
Kan-, 

Me 

Mich.,.. 

Minn 

N,  C- 

WIs.- 

Wis,- 

WU,- 

Wls.- 

Pa-.,. 

Ill 

Mich,... 
Wis.-.., 
Minn ... 

8.  C , 

S.  C 

s.  c 

N.  H.... 
N.  H..., 

Ill 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa. , 

Pa- 

Kan 

Kan  -,., 
N,  H.,., 
Mass.,,, 

Vt 

Minn  „. 

Mich.,,. 

Ohio- 

Ind... 

Ga..,., 

Cal.,, 

Wte.- 

Wis.- 

Minn 

UUh,. 

Minn. 

Mon-. 

Ohio-, 

Arizona 

Pa. 

Iowa.,.. 
Kan  -... 
Kan  — . 
Mich.... 

Neb 

Ohio — 

Wis. 

Mich... 

Me. 

Me 

N,  H,.. 
N,  H,.. 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Y-.„ 

Pa- 

Pa 


PopnlatioB. 


1870.     18m. 


970 
1,304 
1,034 
1,047 

146 
1,493 

'"m 

722 
1,368 


177 


1,081 
672 
998 
682 


650 
692 
574 
909 


1,170 
815 
988 

1,120 


468 
889 


1,761 
1,106 
847 
316 
3,669 
1,679 
1,807 


891 
236 


216 
3,131 


832 
553 


1,106 
628 


984 
626 
240 


1,428 


966 
1,268 

'ijiii 

1.128 
"*3i8 


638 

140« 
3^164 


914 

1.266 

1,058 

1,047 

202 

1,861 

69 

123 

1,014 

1,138 

61 

68 

67 

163 

400 

223 

69 

130 

242 

1,014 

1,021 

948 

996 

28S 

686 

811 

969 

863 

923 

636 

401 

1,014 

1,358 

900 

1,074 

47» 

46 

632 

693 

193 

1,979 

1,446 

746 

740 

6,166 

2,767 

2,011 

896 

376 

997 

340 

119 

243 

4,077 

359 

81 

3,487 

765 

656 

231 

1,606 

976 

196 

42 

146 

923 

697 

271 

48 

79 

76 

1,660 

161 

108 

96 

634 

1,881 

1,263 

458 

1,846 

656 

1,169 

1,184 

111 

326 

89 

136 

943 

M76 

940 

S,411 


1  In  1874,  part  to  Banner. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


395 


POPULATION  OF.  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlM«. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


Popnlatfon. 


1870.     1880. 


Susquehanna .tp. 

Susquehanna  ~ tp. 

Si^quehanna  « p.b. 

Sussex ...p.v. 

Sussex  C.  H p.h. 

Sutersville p.v. 

Sutherland  Falls. ..p.v. 
Sutherland  Springs.p.y. 

Sutro p.T. 

Sutter tp. 

Sutter tp. 

Sutter  Creek p.T. 

Sutton p.tp. 

Sutton tp. 

Sutton p.y. 

Sutton tp. 

Sutton tp. 

Sutton p.h. 

Sutton V. 

Sutton's tp. 

Suwanee p.v. 

Swain p.T. 

Swainslrarough p.v. 

Swampscott p.tp. 

Swan tp. 

Swan tp. 

Swan p.T, 

Swan« tp. 

Swan p.h. 

Swan p.tp. 

Swan tp. 

Swan  Creek p.T. 

Swau  Cre«k tp. 

Swan  Creek tp. 

Swander's  Crossing.p.h. 

Swan  Lake p.T. 

Swan  Lake tp. 

Swan  Lake tp. 

Swan  Lake  City p.h. 

Swannanoa p.tp. 

Swan  Quarter p.tp. 

Swan  River .tp. 

Swansborough tp. 

Swansborough p.T. 

Swansborough t. 

Swansea p.tp. 

Swan's  Island isl. 

Swan  ton p.T. 

Swan  ton tp. 

Swanton tp. 

Swanton p.v. 

Swanville p.tp. 

Swanville .p.h. 

Swanzey tp. 

Swanzoy p.v. 

Swartswood p.h. 

Swartz  Creek p.v. 

Swatara tp. 

Swatara tp. 

Swatara p.T. 

Swede  Creek tp. 

Swede  Grove tp. 

Swedeland v. 

Sweden p.tp. 

Sweden tp. 

Sweden p.tp. 

Swede  Prairie tp. 

Swedesborough p.v. 

Swedes  Forest tp. 

Swedona p.T. 

'  Sweet. tp. 

Sweet  Air p.h. 

Sweet  Air  Hill t. 

Sweet  Home tp. 

Sweet  Home p.h. 

Sweetland p.T. 

Sweetland tp. 

Sweetser's p.T. 

Sweet  Valley p.T. 

Sweetwater p.v. 

Sweet  Water p.T. 

Swenoda p.tp, 

Swerdmp „tp. 

Swift  Creek tp. 

Swift  Creek- tp. 

Swift  Creek„ tp. 

Swift  Creek tp. 

Swifton p.h. 

Swift  Water h. 

Swimming  Pens tp. 

SwitzCity p.T. 

Switzerland tp. 

Sycamore tp. 

396 


Juniata ~ 

Lycoming 

Susquehanna 

Waukesha 

Sussex 

Westmoreland-... 

Rutland 

WilHon 

Lyon 

Sacramento 

Sutter 

Amador 

Worcester. 

Merrimac , 

Merrimac 

Meigs 

Caledonia- 

Caledonia 

Braxton 

Williamsburg 

Gwinnett 

Alleghany 

Emanuel 

Essex 

Warren -... 

Noble 

Noble 

Marion 

Marion - 

Taney 

Vinton 

Warren 

Saginaw 

Fulton 

Shelby 

Turner 

Emniett 

Pocahontas 

Emmett 

Buncombe 

Hyde 

Morrison 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Chesterfield.- 

Bristol 

Hancock 

Fulton 

Lucas 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Erie ..., 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Sussex 

Genesee 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Schuylkill 

Riley 

Meeker 

Montgomery 

Oxford 

Monroe. 

Potter 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Gloucester 

Redwood 

Mercer , 

Pipe  Stone , 

Baltimore , 

Baltimore , 

Clarke , 

Nodaway , 

Nevada - , 

Muscatine 

Grant 

Luzerne 

Menard- 

Monroe 

Swift - , 

Otter  Tail- , 

Edgecombe 

Pitt 

Wake 

Darlington 

Jackson 

Grafton 

Sumter , 

Greene 

Monroe 

DeKalb. 


Pa..a.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Wig.... 

Va 

Pa 

Vt 

Tex  — 
NeT.-. 

Cal 

Cal..., 
Cal ... 
Mass. 
N.H.. 
N.  H.. 
Ohio-, 

Vt 

Vt 

W.  Va- 
8.O.... 

Ga. 

N.  Y-. 

Ga. 

Mass., 
III-.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Mo .... 
Ohio- 
Ill 

Mich.. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Dak... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
N.  C... 
N.  C-. 
Minn . 
N.  C... 
N.  C- 

Va. 

Mass., 

Me 

Ohio-, 
Ohio- 

Vt 

Vt 

Me..... 

Pa 

N.H.. 
N.H- 
N.  J... 
Mich.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Kan-. 
Minn, 

Pa 

Me 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

Minn, 
N.  J„, 
Minn , 

111 , 

Minn, 
Md.... 
Md  ..., 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Cal...., 
Iowa., 
Ind..., 

Pa 

Ill , 

Tenn. 
Minn 
Minn 
N.C.- 
N.  C- 
N.  C-. 
S.O.... 
Ark... 
N.  H.., 
S.C... 
Ind..., 
Ohio.. 
Ill 


890 

346 

2,729 


1,078 
1,075 


2,699 
1,165 

'4^369 
920 


466 


108 
1,846 
1,007 
1,295 


1,001 


1,787 
1,062 


427 
1,100 


1,526 
1,116 


1,475 
141 


1,294 
670 


447 
2,866 


770 
T,62« 


1,991 
2,016 


549 

4,558 

367 


359 


1,000 


1,510 


2,383 
1,800 
1,445 
1,635 


1,634 


1,342 
2,862 


733 

330 

3,467 

131 

22 

490 

641 

101 

436 

1,455 

895 

1.324 

3,105 

993 

162 

4,466 

838 

97 

279 

779 

215 

183 

186 

2,500 

1,137 

1,630 

134 

1,000 

99 

1,239 

1,095 

121 

369 

1,528 

67 

49 

61 

93 

66 

1,238 

1,178 

660 

1,597 

128 

256 

1,356 

766 

336 

658 

3,079 

1,200 

703 

98 

1,661 

120 

94 

132 

2,841 

1,249 

205 

689 

657 

691 

474 

6,734 

416 

152 

894 

261 

213 

167 

59 

911 

1,053 

41 

247 

1,345 

246 

162 

164 

677 

200 

276 

2,228 

2,630 

1,726 

1,706 

66 

62 

2,091 

187 

1,226 

4,109 


Sycamore -.... 

Sycamore- 

Sycamore. 

Sycamore- 

Sycamore 

Sycamore- 

Sycamore- 

Sykes'  Island...... 

Sykesville 

Sylvan , 

Sylvan 

Sylvan 

Sylvan  Grove 

Sylvania 

Sylvania 

Sylvania 

Sylvania 

Sylvania - 

Sylvania 

Sylvania 

Sylvania 

Sylvester 

Sylvester 

Symes 

Symmes 

Symmes 

Symmes 

Symmes  Corners.. 

Symsonia -. 

Syracuse 

Syracuse 

Syracuse 

Syracuse 

Syracuse 

Taberg 

Tabernacle 

Tabernacle 

Table  Bluff , 

Table  Mound , 

Table  Mountain-. 

Table  Rock 

Table  Rock 

Tabor 

Tabor 

Tacoma 

TafUville -.... 

Taghkauick 

Taghkanick 

Tahoe 

Tainter 

Taitsville 

Talbert 

Talbot 

Talbotton 

Talcottville 

Talcnttville 

Talkington , 

Talladega 

Tallabaiisee 

Tallapoosa 

Tallassee 

Talleyrand 

Talleyrand 

Tallmadge 

Tallmadge 

Tallmadge 

Tallula 

Tally  Ho 

Talmadge 

Tama 

Tama  City 

Tamaqua 

Tamaroa , 

Tampa 

Tampico 

Tampico 

Tampico 

Tamworth 

Tanberg 

Taney  town 

Tangent 

Tangipahoa 

Tanner's  Falls..... 

Tannersville 

Tansborough 

Tanse 

Taopi 

Tappabannock ..., 

Tai-a 

Tarbellville 

Tarborough 

Tarborough 

Tarentum 


.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.p.T. 

.tp. 

.isL 

.p.v. 

.tp. 

.p.tp, 

.p.tp 

..p.h. 

.p.T. 
.p.h. 
.tp. 

.h. 
.tp. 

.p.T. 
.p.b. 
,.tp. 
.p.h. 
.p.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.p.tp 
.tp. 
.p.T. 
.p.h. 
.tp. 
.p.T. 
p.T. 


..p.T. 

-p.T. 

..tp. 

.tp. 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 


-p.tp. 

.tp. 

..p.T. 

.tp. 

.p.T. 

.p.v. 

.tp. 
.p.h. 

.p.h. 
..p.tp, 

.p.T. 
..tp. 
.p.h. 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 
_T. 
_tp. 
..p.T. 


.p.h. 

..p.T. 

.p.h. 

.tp. 

.p.tp, 

.p.tp. 

.p.v. 
..p.v. 

•  tp. 
..tp. 
.tp. 

.p.v. 

..p.b. 

.p.v. 

..p.T 

.tp. 

.p.v. 


.p.tp. 
.tp. 

-p.v. 

.p.h. 

.p.v. 
.p.v. 

,.p.T. 

..p.T. 

.h. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

.tp. 

.h. 
.tp. 

.p.T. 
.p.b. 


De  Kalb 

Butler 

Montgomery ., 

Hamilton— 

Wyandot , 

Wyandot 

Barnwell 

Accomack 

Burlington.... 

Osceola 

Washtenaw.-. 

Richland 

Lincoln-.; , 

Scriven 

Parke 

Scott 

Licking -. 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Bradford 

Potter 

Mecosta. 

Green 

Stevens — 

Edgar -.... 

Hamilton.. 

Lawrence...... 

Butler 

Graves 

Kosciusko-.... 

Morgan 

Otoe 

Onondaga 

Meigs. 

Oneida 

Randolph.. 

Aiken 

Humboldt-.... 

Dubuque 

Esmeralda 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

Fremont 

St.  Clair 

Pierce 

Windsor 

Columbia...... 

Columbia...... 

Placer — .. 

Dunn 

Ray 

Edgefield 

Benton 

Talbot 

Tolland 

Lewis 

Sangamon 

Talladega. 

Leon 

Haralson 

Elmore , 

Keokuk. 

Wilson 

Ottawa 

Summit- 

Summit 

Menard 

Granville 

Washington-. 

Tama 

Tama 

Schuylkill 

Perry 

Hillsborough. 

Whiteside 

Whiteside-.... 

Howard 

Carroll 

Wilkin 

Carroll 

Linn 

Tangipahoa.... 

Wayne 

Monroe 

Camden 

Milam 

Mower 


Swift 

Rutland 

Edgecombe. 
Edgecombe.. 
Alleghany ., 


Ill 

Kan-.. 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

S.  C...... 

Va 

N.J-.., 
Mich.... 
Mich—, 

Wis 

Kan-.. 

Ga. , 

Ind 

Mo , 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Minn .. 

Ill 

Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 

Ohio 

Ky 

Ind , 

Mo , 

Neb 

N.  Y-.., 
Ohio-., 
N.  Y-. 
N.  C— 

S.C 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Nev.- 

Cal.... 

Cal.... 

Iowa., 

Mo...., 

Wash, 

Vt 

N.  Y-.„ 

N.  Y. 

Cal... 

WU.. 

Mo.... 

S.C 

Ind.., 

Ga... 

Conn 

N.  Y. 

Ill 

Ala.. 
Fla .. 
Ga...., 
Ala.. 
Iowa. 
Kan. 
Mich 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
111-.. 
N.  C. 
Me... 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Fla 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  H..., 
Minn.. 

Md 

Oregon 

La. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J 

Tex 

Minn .. 

Va 

Minn .. 

Vt 

N.  C 

N.C 

Pa 


1,067 


647 

6,460 

860 


1,369 


43 

1,931 

888 


1,400 


212 
267 


1,034 


1,186 

1,377 

995 


227 


43,051 

1,273 

400 

1,296 

356 

408 

1,137 


769 
327 
SIO 


73 


1,486 


206 


1,117 


796 


973 
1,933 
2,023 


1,461 
1,277 


339 

2,138 

80 


1,161 

6,960 

937 

796 

634 


1,344 
'"23'6 


3,102 

1,340 

944 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUoe. 


TulflVille p.T, 

Tarkio ^ >.p.tp. 

Tarkio ...p.tp. 

Tarlton p.v. 

Tarr  Farm h. 

Tarry  town p.T. 

Tate tp. 

Tatoms tp. 

Taunton c. 

Taue  Bay »tp. 

Tawaa tp. 

Tawaa  City p.v. 

Taxsaa p.h. 

Taycheedah tp. 

Taycheedah p.T. 

Taylor p.tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor ^tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor  > tp. 

Taylor* tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor p.h. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor ^. 

Taylor ....p.tp, 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor  Creek ...tp. 

Taylor  Mine t. 

Taylor's tp. 

Taylor's  Bridge p.tp. 

Taylor's  Falls. p.T. 

Taylor  Station p.h. 

Taylorstown p.h. 

Taylors  Tllle p.T. 

TaylorsTille p.h. 

Tay  I  orsvllle p.T. 

TaylorsTlUe p.T. 

TaylorsTille t. 

TaylorsTille tp. 

TaylorsTille p.T. 

TaylorsTille h. 

TaylorsTille h. 

TaylorsTille t. 

TaylorsTille p.T. 

TaylorsTille t. 

TaylorsTille p.T. 

TaylorsTille h. 

Taylorsville h. 

Taylortown t, 

Taylorville tp. 

TaylorTille p.T. 

Taymouth p.tp. 

Tazewell p.v. 

T.  B p.h. 

Tchula _p.h. 

TeacheT'i p.h. 

Teaneck t. 

Teatickett v. 

Tebo tp. 

Tecoma p.h. 

Tecumseb p.T. 

Tecumseh tp. 

Tecumseb p.T. 

Tecumseh tp. 

Tecumseh p.T. 

Tecumseh p.T. 

Toegarden p.h. 

Tehama tp. 

Tehama p.T. 

Teheran p.h. 

Tekamah p.T. 

Tekonsha tp. 

Tekonsha p.r. 

Tell tp. 

Tell  City p.T. 

Temecula p.tp, 

Tempe p.T. 

TemperanceTille  ...p.T. 


Connty. 


Hartford 

Page 

Atchison 

Pickaway 

Venango 

Westchester.... 

Clermont^ 

Columbus 

Bristol 

Darlington 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Whitman 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Foud  du  Lac .. 

Ogle , 

Greene 

Harrison 

Howard 

Owen 

Allamakee 

Appanoose 

Benton 

Dubuque 

Harrison 

Marshall 

Wayne , 

Lafayette^..... 

Greene 

Grundy  „ 

Shelby „..., 

SulliTan 

Cortland 

Union 

Blair 

Cambria 

Centre 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Hardin 

Ohio 

Wilson 

Sampson 

Chisago 

Jackson 

Washington .. 

Plumas 

Bartow , 

Bartholomew.. 

Spencer 

Bergen , 

Alexander 

Alexander 

Brown 

Highland 

Muskingum.... 

Bucks 

Indiana 

Johnson , 

Wilson .., 

Juab 

Greene 

Christian 

Christian 

Saginaw , 

Claiborne...... 

Prince  George's... 

Holmes 

Duplin 

Bergen 

Barnstable.... 

Henry 

Elko 

Cherokee 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Lenawee , 

Lenawee , 

Johnson , 

Marshall 

Tehama 

Tehama 

Mason 

Burt 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Huntingdon. . 

Perry 

San  Diego 

Maricopa 

Belmont 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Conn... 
Iowa... 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

N.  T 

Ohio..... 
N.  0 — 
Mass..... 

S.  C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Wash... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Miss... 
Mo .... 
Mo... 
Mo ... 
Mo.... 
N.Y.. 
Ohio- 
Pa-... 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
Pa-... 

Pa 

Ohio- 
Ky... 
N.  C- 
N.  C... 
Minn 

Wis 

Pa 

Cal 

Ga 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  J 

N.  C-.... 

N.  C 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 
Tenn ... 
Utah.... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Tenn ... 

Md 

Miss 

N.  C 

N.J-.,. 
Mass.,,. 

Mo 

Not 

Ala 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich..,, 
Mich.,.. 

Neb 

Ind 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Neb 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Ind 

Cal 

Arizona 
Ohio. 


363 

1,120 

407 


2,678 

879 

18,629 


1,381 


1,622 


402 
1,677 
1,259 
1,745 

767 

863 
1,059 
3,331 
1,742 

525 


867 


920 

628 

1,016 

1,141 

1,368 

1,670 

612 

868 

736 

891 


666 
1^21 


1,078 
169 


2,180 


638 
345 


3,308 


864 


2,583 
2,039 


881 


1,.S33 


1,024 

1,660 

140 


460 

929 

1,716 

426 

69 

3,026 

2,754 

1,247 

21,213 

1,091 

1,142 

712 

43 

1,376 

109 

362 

1,589 

1,316 

1,480 

807 

877 

724 

1,006 

1,668 

786 

610 

1,161 

85 

896 

479 

1,212 

856 

993 

1,367 

2,011 

1,372 

617 

988 

819 

1,189 

113 

782 

1,706 

1,007 

54 

95 

176 

95 

357 

537 

257 

1,360 

180 

77 

66 

601 

100 

106 

278 

56 

79 

143 

3,322 

2,237 

1,154 

342 

38 

90 

56 

238 

141 

1,725 

60 

242 

1,011 

169 

2,702 

2,111 

1,268 

97 

1,824 

329 

31 

776 

1,605 

497 

1,058 

2,112 

231 

136 

146 


Place, 


TemperanceTille..,p.T, 

Temple tp. 

Temple .p.tp. 

Temple  Mills -.p.h, 

Templeton p.T, 

Templeton p.tp. 

Templeton tp. 

Templeton p.T, 

TempleTille p.T. 

Tenafly p.T. 

Tenallytown p.T. 

Tenant's  Harbor  .„p.T, 

Tenhaasen p.tp. 

Ten  Mile tp. 

Ten  Mile p.tp. 

Ten  Mile  Lake tp. 

Ten  Mile  Stand p.h. 

Tennessee tp, 

Tennessee p.T. 

Tennille p.h. 

TerraTille p.T. 

Terrebonne p.tp. 

Terre  Hante p.T. 

Terre  Haute c, 

Terre  Haute p,T. 

Terre  Haute p.h, 

Terrell -p,T, 

Terry p.T, 

Terry tp. 

TerryTille p.T. 

Tete  des  Morts tp. 

Tetersburg h. 

Teutopolis tp. 

Teutopolls p.T. 

Tewksbury -p.tp. 

Tewksbury tp. 

Tewlotenos t. 

Texana p.T. 

Texarkana c. 

Texas tp. 

Texas p.T. 

Texas p.tp. 

Texas tp. 

Texas tp. 

Texas h. 

Texas t. 

Texas tp. 

Texas tp. 


...p.T. 
...p.T, 
,.p.T, 
„.p.h. 

.p.T, 


Thackeray.... 

Thayer 

Thebes 

The  Corner.. 
The  Plains..., 

Theresa tp. 

Theresa p.T. 

Theresa tp. 

Theresa p.T. 

Thetford tp. 

Thetford tp. 

Thetford p,T, 

Thetford  Centre  .,.,p.h, 

Thibodeaux p.T. 

Third  Creek tp. 

Thomas p.h, 

Thomas tp, 

Thomasborough  „,.p,T, 

Thomaston p.tp. 

Thomas  ton p.T, 

Thomaston p.tp, 

Thomaston t, 

Thomastown tp, 

Thomastown tp, 

Thomastown p.T. 

ThomasTille p.T, 

Thomaaville p.h. 

ThomasTille tp. 

ThomasTille p.T. 

Thompson tp, 

Thompson p.T. 

Thompson tp, 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp, 

Thompson tp, 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson p.tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson p.h. 

Thompson  Run t. 

Thompson's tp. 


Connty. 


Accomack 

Franklin 

Hillsborongb.. 

Franklin 

Benton,- 

Worcester 

Atchison 

Armstrong 

Queen  Anne,,, 

Bergen,- 

Washington-.. 

Knox 

Martin 

Mendocino 

Macon 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Meigs- 

McDonough-,, 
McDonough,,., 
Washington ... 

Lawrence 

Polk , 

Henderson .,.. 

Vigo 

Decatur 

Putnam 

Kaufman 

Hinds 

Bradford 

liitchfield 

Jackson , 

Tipton 

Effingham 

Effingham 

Middlesex 

Hunterdon.,,, 
San  Miguel-,, 

Jackson 

Miller 

De  Witt 

Baltimore 

Kalamazoo.,,, 

Dent 

Crawford 

Lancaster-,,,, 
Westmoreland  ,,,. 

Wayne 

Marathon 

Hamilton 

Neosho.- 

Alexander 

Ulster 

Fauquier 

Jefferson 

Jefferson , 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Genesee 

Orange 

Orange 

Orange 

La  Fourche.-, 

Gasconade 

Oakland 

Ripley 

Champaign 

Litchfield, 

Upson 

Knox 

Schuylkill , 

Saginaw , 

Wadena- 

Summit. 

Thomas 

Oregon 

DaTidson 

Davidson 

Windham , 

Windham 

Jo  DaTiess.,,,.. 

Guthrie 

Iosco 

SulliTan 

Fulton , 

Delaware 

Geauga- 

Seneca 

Susquehanna.. 
Susquehanna,. 

Alleghany 

Alamance-.^., 


State, 


Va , 

Me 

N,  H-.., 

Me 

Ind 

Mass-.. 

Mo 

Pa 

Md , 

N.  J 

D.  C... 

Me 

Minn.. 

Cal 

Mo 

Minn... 
Tenn  ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ga. 

Dakota 
Minn., 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

Tex , 

Miss-.., 

Pa 

Conn... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass..,, 

N.  J 

N.  Mex 

Tex 

Ark.-,,. 

Ill 

Md 

Mich,,,. 

Mo , 

Ohio-,, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Ill- 

Kan 

Ill 

N.Y 

Va 

N,  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Mich,.,. 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

La. 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Conn..., 

Ga- 

Me 

Pa. 

Mich..,. 
Minn.,, 

Ohio 

Ga. 

Mo 

N,  C 

N.  0 

Conn.,.. 
Conn  „, 

111 

Iowa,.,. 
Mich.,,, 

N,  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-,,, 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa, 

N.  0 


Popnlatloii. 


1870,      188a 


640 
421 


2,802 
974 


314 
T,6r8 


2,126 


16,103 


1,079 
"*920 
"r,033 


1,944 
2,327 


1,064 


1,109 
870 
666 


4,449 
284 


2,364 

798 

2,248 


1,260 
1,613 


1,922 
1,228 


3,092 


697 


1,651 


2,617 

214 

3,804 


800 
671 


3,614 

649 

866 

1,095 

2,070 

701 


776 


13S 
680 
402 
99 
107 

2,789 
986 
163 
101 

1,019 
376 
680 
227 
869 
984 
211 
66 

1,083 

262 

99 

776 

165 

160 

26,042 

110 

67 

2,003 
198 

1,286 
776 
909 
87 
962 
664 

2,179 

2,108 
176 
162 

3,223 
951 
649 

1,012 

943 

687 

60 

410 

4,250 
458 
146 
311 
114 
39 
138 

2,389 
882 

2,01ir 
277 

1,40C 

1,529 

IOC 

98 

1,616 

1,267 

98 

241 

121 

3,226 
670 

3,017 
321 

1,048 
261 
350 

2,555 
74 

3,057 
450 

6,061 
244 
948 

1,068 
81 

3,763 
732 
851 

1,021 

1,901 
666 
249 
820 

1,280 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


s  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


397 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Thompson's tp. 

Thompson's  Station.p.T. 

Thompsontown p.b. 

Thompsonville p.T. 

ThompsonTille p.T. 

ThompsonTille h. 

ThompsonTille p.b. 

Thomson mm.....p.t. 

Thomson p.T. 

Thomson „tp. 

Thomson p.T. 

Thornapple tp. 

Thornbnrg p.b. 

Thornbury p.tp 

Thornbury tp. 

Thorn  Creek tp. 

Thorndike tp. 

Tborndike p.b. 

Thorndike p.T. 

Thome ^ tp. 

Thorn  edale t. 

Thomport t. 

Thornton tp. 

Thornton p.T. 

Thornton p.tp. 

Thornton p.v. 

Thornton p.h. 

Thornton's  Ferry. ..p.T. 

Thorn  town ......p.T. 

Thorn  ville p.T. 

Thorp p.tp. 

Three  Bridges p.T. 

Three  Creeks p.v. 

Three  Forks h. 

Three  Lakes tp. 

Three  Locusts p.v. 

Three  Mile tp. 

Three  Mile  Bay p.T. 

Three  Oaks tp. 

Three  Oaks p.v. 

Three  Ponds v. 

Three  Rivers p.T. 

Three  Rivers p.T. 

Three  Springs p.h. 

Three  Springs p.b. 

Three  Tuns h. 

Throckmorton p.h. 

Throop tp. 

Throopville p.v. 

Thurman p.h. 

Thurman p.tp, 

Thurston tp. 

Thyatira p.h. 

Tiblow p.h. 

Tickfaw p.h. 

Ticonderoga p.tp. 

Tlconderoga  L.  Falls. v. 
Ticonderoga  U.  Falls.v. 

Tidiouto p.b. 

Tiffany tp. 

Tiffin p.h. 

Tiffin ..„ tp. 

Tiffin tp. 

Tiffin „ c, 

Tlfton h. 

Tigers  Fork tp. 

Tilden „ _.p.h. 

Tilden _,tp. 

Tilden tp, 

Tilden tp. 

Tlleton T. 

Tilghmanton .t, 

*rillman's  Station  ..p.h. 

Tilton p.T, 

Tilton T. 

Tilton p.h, 

Tilton tp, 

Tilton p.T, 

Timber tp. 

Timber  Creek p.tp. 

Timber  Hill tp. 

Timberville p.T, 

Timbuctoo p.h. 

Timbuctoo t. 

Time p.v. 

TimmonsTille tp. 

TimmonsTille .p.T. 

Timonium p.T. 

Timpanogus p.T. 

Tlngley tp. 

■kiniciun ^. 


County. 


Robeson 

Willianuon. 

Juniata  ~ 

Hartford 

Franklin... 

Perry 

Washington 

McDuffie 

Carroll 

Carlton.- 

Carlton 

Barry 

Keokuk. 

Chester  _ 

Delaware .., 

Whitley 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Hampden.. 

Perry 

Sullivan 

Perry- 

Cook 

Cook 

Grafton 

Limestone 

Taylor 

Hillsborougb..,. 

Boone 

Perry .., 

Clark 

Hunterdon 

Union 

Roane 

Redwood 

Marion 

Barnwell 

Jefferson 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Strafford 

Hampden 

St.  Joseph 

Hart 

Huntingdon 

Burlington 

Throckmorton., 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Newton 

Warren , 

Steuben 

Tate 

Wyandotte 

Tangipahoa 

Essex 

Essex , 

Essex , 

Warren 

Dunn 

Johnson , 

Adams 

Defiance 

Seneca , 

Fillmore 

Shelby 

Randolph- 

Cherokee,- 

Osborne , 

Marquette „, 

Shelby 

Washington 

Claiborne 

Whitfield 

Vermilion 

Fleming 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Peoria 

Marshall 

Bourbon 

Rockingham .,,. 

Yuba- 

Burlington 

Pike 

Darlington 

Darlington 

Baltimore 

Wasatch 

Ringgold 

Bucks 


State. 


N.  0-.. 
Tenn ... 

Pa. 

Conn... 

Ill 

Ohio-,, 

Pa 

Ga 

Ill 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Mich... 
Iowa... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mass... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Ill- 

N.  H— 
Tex. — 
W.  Va 
N.  H... 

Ind 

Ohio.... 
Wis,.,.. 
N.  J-., 

Ark 

W,Va.. 
Minn  .. 
Ohio-.. 

S.  C 

N.  Y-.. 
Mich,.. 
Mich... 
N.  H... 
Mass.... 
Mich... 

Ky 

Pa. 

N.  J 

Tex.-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Mo 

N.Y-.. 
N.Y-„ 
Miss-.. 
Kan..,. 

La 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y_.. 

Pa- 

Wis 

Iowa.,. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio- 
Minn,. 

Mo. 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Kan-... 
Mich... 
Ohio-,. 

Md 

Miss-.. 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ky 

N.  H.... 
N.  H... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Kan.,.. 

Va 

Cal 

N,  J 

111- 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Md 

Utah... 
Iowa... 
Pa. 


Population, 


1870,      1880. 


1,708 

""280 


163 


236 

990 

1,343 

TiO 


1,729 


2,222 
301 
840 


1,626 


1,087 
417 

1,316 
499 


1,189 
""l89 


1,302 


1,084 
1,216 


2,690 
'i',638 


1,868 
1,080 
6,648 


866 


126 
1,147 


1,707 

886 

1,036 


1,658 
477 


112 
2,401 


2,734 
136 

275 

3,794 

172 

62 

28 

700 

380 

319 

265 

1,946 

65 

262 

943 

1,488 

713 

67 

1,156 

1,900 

121 

125 

3,337 

401 

775 

182 

65 

107 

1,516 

269 

267 

166 

182 

79 

102 

108 

1,824 

1,041 

1,393 

474 

298 

1,306 

2,625 

75 

239 

48 

37 

1,188 

110 

86 

1,174 

1,366 

36 

62 

73 

3,304 

1,198 

697 

1,255 

413 

47 

2,212 

1,526 

7,879 

46 

1,163 

83 

217 

662 

802 

103 

171 

60 

206 

297 

94 

1,282 

691 

1,774 

994 

1,211 

112 

86 

108 

182 

1,541 

557 

262 

277 

516 

2,346 


Place. 


Tinicum tp, 

Tinmouth p.tp, 

Tlnney's  Grove p.h. 

Tioga tp. 

Tioga tp, 

Tioga tp. 

Tioga p.b. 

Tiona p.h. 

Tionesta tp. 

Tlonesta p.b. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe  City... .p.v. 

TippinsTille h. 

Tipton -.tp. 

Tipton p.T. 

Tipton p.T. 

Tipton tp. 

Tipton p.T, 

Tiptonville p.T. 

TiptonTille -p.v. 

Tiro p.h. 

Tisbnry tp, 

Tisdale -p.tp, 

Tiekilwa p.v. 

Tittabawassee tp. 

Tittabawassee t. 

Titusville p.T. 

Titusville h. 

Titusville c. 

Tiverton tp, 

Tiverton h, 

Tiverton p.tp. 

Tiverton  4  Comers. p.b. 

Tlvoll p.T. 

Tlvoli p.T, 

Toad  town. b. 

Toaua p.T. 

Tobasco p.v. 

Tobin tp. 

Toboyne tp. 

Toby -tp. 

Tobyhanna tp. 

Tobyhanna  Mills-. p.T. 

Toccoa p.T. 

Todd tp, 

Todd.... ......tp. 

Todd tp. 

Todd's  Point tp. 

Todd's  Point p.h. 

Todd's  Valley p.T, 

Toe  River tp. 

Toisnot tp. 

Toisnot p.T. 

Tokna tp. 

Toledo -p.T. 

Toledo tp. 

Toledo -p.v. 

Toledo p.tp, 

Toledo c. 

Toleeton p.T. 

Tolland tp. 

Tolland p.T. 

ToUaud p.tp. 

Tolono -tp. 

Tolono p.T. 

Tom tp. 

Tomah -tp. 

Tomah -..p.T. 

Tomales tp. 

Tombstone -p.T. 

Tompkins tp. 

Tompkins p.tp. 

Tompkins  1 tp. 

Tompkinsvflle p.h. 

Tompkinsville p.v. 

Tom's  Brook p.h, 

Tonawanda tp. 

Tonawanda p.v. 

Tonganosie tp, 

Tonganoxie p.T. 

Tongue  Point h. 

Tonica p.T. 

Tonti tp. 

Tontogauy -p.T. 

Tooele -.p.T, 

Toolsborough p.T, 


County, 


Delaware 

Rutland 

Bay 

Neosho- 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Warren- 

Forest. 

Forest 

Carroll 

Kosciusko 

Marshall 

Pulaski 

Tippecanoe..., 

Henry 

Miami 

Jackson- 

Cass 

Tipton 

Cedar 

Hardin  -. 

Moniteau-.... 

Mora. 

Lake- 

Crawford 

Dukes 

Cowley 

Bnreau 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Mercer 

Dutchess 

Crawford 

Coshocton 

Coshocton 

Newport 

Newport 

Dutchess 

Lycoming 

Butte- 

Blko 

Clermont 

Perry 

Perry 

Clarion 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Habersham..., 

Crawford 

Fulton 

Huntingdon .. 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Placer 

Mitchell : 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Big  Stone 

Dorsey 

Tama 

Tama 

Chase 

Lucas 

Lake 

Tolland 

Tolland 

Hampden 

Champaign..., 
Champaign-.. 

Benton 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Marin 

Cochise 

Warren 

Jackson...-..,, 

Delaware 

Choctaw 

Monroe 

Shenandoah... 

Erie 

Erie 

Leavenworth., 
Leavenworth.. 

Clatsop.- 

La  Salle. 

Marion— 

Wood 

Tooele 

Louisa 


State. 


Pa. 

Vt 

Mo 

Kan 

N.  Y-.., 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Ohio-.. 
Kan-,. 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,,. 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

N,  Mex. 
Teun,... 
Ohio..- 
MasB.,,, 
Kan  — 

HI- 

Midi.... 
Mich.... 
N.J-... 
N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-.,. 

R.I 

B.  I 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Cal 

Nev. 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Ga. 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

N.  0-... 
N.  C-... 
N.  C— 
Minn ... 

Ark 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-. 
Ohio... 
Ind.... 
Conn,. 
Conn  .. 
Mass.... 
111-., 
Ill- 
Mo., 
Wis. 
Wis.. 
Cal.. 
Arizona 

111 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 

Ala 

Ky 

Va 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Kan ..., 
Kan-.. 
Oregon 

III 

Ill 

Ohio— 
Utah.,.. 
Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


147 

689 


997 
8,272 
1,074 

440 


460 
320 
1,100 
1,236 
1,165 
833 
2,274 
1,760 
1,204 


1,808 
892 

1,246 
397 


1,636 


761 
864 


8,639 
804 


1,898 
"*46'2 


2,345 

914 

1.140 

477 


1,166 
634 
781 


619 
14271 


1,679 

888 

368 

31,584 


1,216 


609 
1,413 

777 
799 

1,666 
837 

1,121 


2,245 
1,262 
4,046 


218 
"3,039 
"1,600 


398 


1  In  1880,  part  to  Deposit 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KKTURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Connty. 


Toomsboroagh p.T. 

Toomauba p.T. 

Tooue's  Station p.v. 

Topeka p.h. 

Topeka .^..c. 

Topeka .tp. 

Topsfleld tp. 

Topafield p.tp 

Topsham ....p.tp. 

Topsham tp. 

Topsham p.T. 

Toptoa p.b. 

Toquerville p.T. 

Torch  Lake tp. 

Torch  Lake p.h. 

TordenskJold p.tp, 

Torning tp. 

Toronto tp. 

Toronto p.h. 

Torrey tp. 

Torrington p.tp, 

Tottenvllle p.T. 

Toughkenamon p.T. 

Toulon tp. 

Toulon p.T. 

Towamensing tp. 

Towamensing tp. 

Towanda ..tp. 

Towanda -p.T. 

Towanda tp. 

Ttowanda -p.h. 

Towanda tp. 

Towanda p.b. 

Towanda _tp. 

Tower h. 

Tower  City p.v. 

Tower  Hill tp. 

Tower  Hill p.T. 

Towerrille p.h. 

Towles  MiUa ..t. 

Town  Bluff. p.h. 

Town  Creek p.T. 

Town  Creek p.tp. 

Towner  Hill h. 

Towner's -p.T. 

Town  Hill p.h. 

Town  Mount tp. 

TownBend p.T. 

Townsend tp. 

Townsend p.tp. 

Townsend tp. 

Townsend p.T. 

Townsend  Centre  »t. 
Townsend  Harbor.p.T. 

Townsend  Inlet p.T. 

Towusbend -tp. 

Townsbend -p.T. 

Townsville -.tp. 

Townville p.b. 

Townville p.T. 

Towsontown p.T. 

Tracy p.T. 

Tracy h. 

Traders'  Point p.h. 

Tradiug  Post p.T. 

Traer p.T. 

Trafalgar -p.T. 

Trail  Creek tp. 

Tram  Hollow t. 

Trauquillity p.h. 

Transit -p.tp. 

"Transi  tville p.  t. 

Trap  Hill p.tp. 

Trapp p.h. 

Trappe p.T. 

Trappers'  Gulch.. ..t. 

Trautsburg t. 

Traverse tp. 

Traverse -.tp. 

Traverse  City p.T. 

TravlsviUe -t. 

Treasure  City h. 

TredyflWn tp. 

Tremont tp. 

Tremont tp. 

Tremont p.T. 

Tremont p.tp. 

Tremont........ tp. 

Tremont. t. 

Tremont p.b. 

Tremont... t^ 


Wilkioson 

Lauderdale 

Hardeman 

Mason 

Shawnee , 

Shawnee 

Washington. 

Essex , 

Sagadahoc , 

Orange , 

Orange , 

Berks 

Kane , 

Antrim , 

Antrim , 

Otter  Tail 

Swift , 

Woodson , 

Woodson 

Yates , 

Litchfield 

Kichmond 

Chester 

SUrk , 

Stark 

Carbon 

Montgomery....... 

McLean- 

McLean- 

Butler 

Butler 

Phillips 

Bradford 

Bradford.. , 

Beer  Lodge 

Cass 

Shelby , 

Shelby 

Crawford 

Placer 

Tyler 

Lawrence 

Brunswick 

Essex 

Putnam 

Luzerne 

Franklin 

New  Castle 

Huron 

Sandusky 

Middlesex- 

Middlesex 

Huron 

Middlesex 

Cape  May 

Windham 

Windham 

Granville 

Crawford 

Anderson 

Baltimore 

Lyon— 

Platte 

Marion 

Linn 

Tama 

Johnson 

Harrison ^,.. 

McKean 

Adams 

Sibley 

Tippecanoe 

Wilkes 

Loudoun 

Talbot. 

Beaver  Head 

Crawford 

Grand  TraTerse., 

Kicollet 

Grand  Traverse.. 

Richmond , 

White  Hne 

Chester. 

Solano , 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Hancock ........... 

Buchanan 

Clark- 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ga 

Miss-... 
Tenn.... 

Ill 

Kan  — 

Kan 

Me 

Mass.... 

Me 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Utah.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Kan-... 
Kan..... 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mon 

Dakota. 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Cal 

Tex 

Ala 

N.C 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Ill- 

Del 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mas8..~ 
Mass.... 

Ohio 

Mass .... 

N.  J 

Vt - 

Vt 

N.  0 

Pa 

S.O 

Md 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Ind 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Ind 

N.  0 

Va 

Md 

Mon-... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Mich. 
N.  Y- 
NeT.- 

Pa 

Cal ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Me ... 
Mo.... 
Ohio- 
Pv.... 
Pa..... 


6,790 
1,079 
463 
1,213 
1,498 
1,418 


264 
269 


140 


1,281 
2,893 


2,060 

904 

913 

1,209 

1,235 


697 


2,696 
916 


1,176 


1,780 


909 

*i,36b 
1,290 
1,962 


1,171 


2,187 
280 


1,086 


424 


972 


272 


1,276 
637 


1,897 
640 

1,365 
437 

1,822 

1,106 


1,709 
754 


183 

118 

196 

98 

16,452 

2,233 

440 

1,165 

1,644 

1,369 

136 

615 

371 

170 

93 

444 

366 

653 

88 

1,245 

8,327 

1,147 

241 

2,667 

967 

031 

1,282 

1,256 

261 

562 

53 

257 

3,814 

1,142 

85 

159 

1,478 

391 

38 

225 

73 

150 

2,392 

70 

113 

00 

1,164 

199 

1,405 

1,697 

1,967 

1,142 

175 

296 

300 

1,090 

215 

2,607 

610 

105 

1,316 

322 

79 

16 

144 

1,100 

402 

922 

231 

42 

627 

176 

1,663 

36 

301 

228 

100 

2,679 

650 

1,897 

304 

44 

1,976 

536 

1,235 

417 

2,011 

1,318 

279 

1,786 

1,001 


Place. 


County. 


Trempealeau  > tp. 

Trempealeau p.v. 

Trent tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton t. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T, 

Trenton tp. 

Treuton p.h. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton c. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton t. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.tp, 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton  Falls p.v. 

Tresckow p.v. 

Trescott tp. 

Trexlertown p.T. 

Trezevant p.T. 

Triadelphia p.T. 

Triana..... -.p.T. 

Triangle -.tp. 

Triangle —p.T. 

Trickum p.h. 

Trimbelle tp. 

Trimbelle p.h. 

Trimble tp. 

Trimble p.T. 

Trinidad tp. 

Trinidad p.T. 

Trinidad p.T. 

Trinity -p.T. 

Trinity -tpw 

Trinity -T. 

Trinity  Centre p.tp. 

Trinity  Mills -p.h. 

Trinity  Station p.T. 

Trion  Factory -p.T. 

Triplett tp. 

Triplett p.T. 

Tripoli -.p.h. 

Triumph „.....-.tp. 

Triumph -.t. 

Trivoli -tp. 

Trivoli p.T. 

Trondhjem tp. 

Trotwood p.h. 

Troup p.T. 

Troupsburg tp. 

Troupsburg p.T. 

Trout  Creek ~..p.h. 

Troutman ...t. 

Troutman's p.h. 

Trout  Run p.T. 

Trowbridge .....tp. 

Troxelville -p.h. 

Troy ......c 

Troy -.p.T. 

Troy tp. 

Troy ~...tp. 

Troy tp. 

Troy- tp. 

Troy p.T. 

Troy- tp. 

Troy tp. 

Troy.- p.T. 

Troy tp. 

Troy tp. 

Troy ...tp. 

Troy p.T. 

Troy.- tp. 

Troy p.tp. 

Troy.- tp. 

Troy- p.tp. 

Troy tp. 

Troy tp. 

Troy p.h 


Trempealeau.., 
Trempealeau... 

Lenoir , 

Dade 

Clinton 

Blackford 

Henry 

Henry 

Edwards 

Todd 

Ouachita 

Hancock 

Baltimore 

Wayne 

Big  Stone 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Mercer 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Jones... 

Butler , 

Delaware 

Tuscai-awas 

Gibson 

Dodge 

Pierce , 

Washington-., 

Oneida 

Carbon 

Washington-., 

Lehigh 

Carroll 

Ohio 

Madison 

Broome , 

Broome 

Harrison 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Athens. 

Athens  

Humboldt..-.. 
Humboldt-.... 
Las  Animas.... 

Catahoula 

Randolph  -.... 
Randolph  -.... 

Trinity -. 

Dallas 

Morgan 

ChattooKa 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Bremer.- 

Warren 

Warren , 

Peoria. 

Peoria 

Otter  Tail 

Montgomery ., 

Smith 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Delaware 

Butler 

Iredell 

Lycoming...... 

Allegan 

Snyder.- 

Pike 

Madison 

Will 

De  Kalb 

Fountain 

Perry 

Perry- 

Whitley 

Clarke.......... 

Davis 

Iowa 

Monroe........ 

Wright 

Doniphan...... 

Reno 

Waldo 

Newa.vgo. ....... 

Oakland 

Pipe  Stone.-. 

Renville 

Winona 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Wis...... 

Wis.-... 

N.  0. 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

La- 

Me 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Tenn..., 
Wis...... 

Wis...... 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Me.. 

Pa. 

Tenn.-. 
W.  Va. 
Ala..... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y>.. 
Ky...... 

Wis 

Wis-... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio-... 

Cal.... 

Cal ... 

Col.... 

La-... 

N.  C... 

N.C 

Cal.... 

Tex ... 

Ala..., 

Ga-... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Iowa. 

Pa.... 

Pa 

111 

Ill 

Minn 
Ohio- 
Tex... 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y- 
Pa..... 
N.  C- 
Pa-... 
Mich.- 

Pa- 

Ala. 

111 

111 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan„... 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
MInu ... 
Minn... 
Minn .. 


2,086 

"Yei 
223 


1,436 


221 
429 
678 


2,934 

920 

22,874 

3,166 
294 

aij 

907 

292 

1,909 

1,736 

304 

2,036 


003 


239 


1,844 


633 
"1,37*9 


662 


1,471 


1,234 


2,281 


1,337 

'i'oss 


918 
«00 
S,1M 
6,086 
480 
894 
426 

'"'862 

2,490 

248 

639 


1,201 


1,667 
615 
949 
256 

1,188 
124 

1,372 
181 
233 
152 
\2« 
hi9 
68 

1,103 
138 

4,477 

3,312 
29,910 

3,097 
289 
149 
377 
899 
314 

1,383 

1,624 
737 

1,890 
138 
67< 
662 
382 
327 
313 
146 

2,078 

167 

26 

1,148 
70 

1/167 
121 
618 
104 

2,226 
228 

1,518 
240 
279 
60 
142 
613 

1,168 

203 

68 

1,100 
148 

1,136 

103 

633 

99 

362 

2,494 

196 

90 

820 

Tl 

281 

1,437 
72 

2,294 
648 

1,036 
606 

8,061 

6,495 
496 
924 

1,083 
213 
956 

8,706 
491 
694 
181 

1,069 
185 

1,686 

176 

167 

70 


*  In  1874,  part  to  Dodge. 


899 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


3ENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoa. 


Troy ~. .>.p.T. 

Troy ............._tp. 

Troy M».....~~-.p.T, 

Troy.^ .............c. 

Troy.^ .^.tp. 

Troy ~..p.T. 

Troy„ tp, 

Troy p.v, 

Troy... „..tp. 

Troy „ «..tp. 

Troy„ ^ tp. 

Troy „ p.v, 

Troy... tp. 

Troy.. tp. 

Troy.„ tp. 

Troy- ~ tp. 

Troy p.b, 

Troy_ tp. 

Troy p.v, 

Troy p.tp. 

Troy_ ...p.h. 

Troy ~ ....tp. 

Troy ~..tp. 

Troy p.tp. 

Troy  QroTe -tp. 

.Troy  Mills p.v. 

Troyville —p.b. 

Truckee p.v. 

Truesdale h. 

Trufant .....p.v. 

Trumansbnrg -p.v. 

Trumbull p.tp. 

Trumbull .p.tp. 

Trumbull  Corners.p.b, 

Trunkeyville p.h 

Truro p.tp. 

Truro p.tp. 

Truro p.tp. 

Truxton _.tp. 

Truxton p.v. 

Tryon tp. 

Tucker  HiU h. 

Tuckerman p.h. 

Tucker'BCroMBoad8.p.h 

Tuckerton p.v. 

Tuckerville h. 

Tucsou .c. 

Tuftonborough '.p.tp, 

Tugaloo p.tp. 

Tulare p.tp. 

Tulare tp. 

Tulare p.v. 

Tularoaa p.v. 

Tuledad tp. 

Tule  River ..tp. 

Tulip -p.v. 

TuUahoma ....p.v, 

TuUy -tp. 

Tully -p.v. 

TuUy -tp. 

Tully -tp. 

TuUytown p.v. 

Tulpehocken tp. 

Tumbling  Bun h. 

Tumuli p.tp. 

Tumwater p.v. 

Tunbridge tp. 

Tunbridge tp. 

Tunbridge p.v. 

Tunkbanuock tp. 

Tunkhannock tp. 

Tunkbanuock p.b. 

Tunnel  City v. 

Tunnel  City p.v. 

Tunnel  Hill p.v. 

Tunnel  Hill tp. 

Tunnel  Hill .....p.v. 

Tunnel  Hill b. 

Tunnelton p.v. 

Tansbnrg tp. 

Tunstallg p.h. 

Tupelo p.v. 

Turbett tp. 

Turbot —tp. 

Turbotville -p.b. 

Turin tp. 

Turin p.v. 

Turkey .tp. 

Turkey tp. 

Turkey  Cove p.v. 

Turkey  Creek tp. 

Turkey  Creek tp. 

Turkey  Creek tp. 

'        ioo 


Cioanty. 


Lincoln 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Bensselser. 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Ashland 

Asblaud 

Athens 

Delaware 

Geauga 

Miami ..., 

Morrow 

Bichland. ...... 

Wood 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Obion ....w..... 

Orleans. 

Gilmer 

St.  Croix , 

Sauk 

Walworth , 

La  Salle 

Linn 

Catahoula ~.. 

Nevada....- , 

Warren -... 

Montcalm 

Tompkins , 

Fairfield 

Ashtabula 

Tompkins 

Forest 

Knox , 

Barnstable 

Franklin , 

Cortland , 

Cortland 

Polk 

Schuylkill , 

.lackson 

Wilson 

Burlington 

Sauk „.. 

Pima 

Carroll 

Oconee 

San  Joaquin 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Dona  Ana 

Lassen - 

Tulare 

Dallas 

Coffee - 

Onondaga  - 

Onondaga 

Marion 

Van  Wert 

Bucks 

Berks 

Schuylkill , 

Otter  Tail  - 

Thurston 

De  Witt 

Orange , 

Orange 

Monroe- 

Wyoming  _ 

Wyoming „.. 

Lincoln- 

Monroe 

Whitfield 

JuhuBon , 

Johnson , 

Cambria 

Lawrence 

Chippewa 

New  Kent , 

Lee , 

Juniata.''. 

Northumberland, 
Northumberland. 

Lewis 

Lewis , 

Sampson 

Williamsburg.-.., 

Lee 

Kosciusko 

McPherson 

Mitchell 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Mo 

703 

N.  H.... 

767 

N.  H.... 

N.  T-... 

46,465 

N.  C 

882 

N.  C.-... 

67 

Ohio 

757 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

1,830 

Ohio 

800 

Ohio-... 

832 

Ohio — 

3,005 

Ohio-... 

696 

Ohio.... 

830 

Ohio-... 

1,057 

Pa- 

1,479 

Pa 

1,081 

Pa 

983 

Tenn 

600 

Vt_ 

1,366 

W.  Va- 

Wis. 

812 

Wis 

995 

Wis 

1,176 

Ill 

1,501 

Iowa.... 



La 

Cal 

Mo 

Mich  ... 

N.  Y-... 

1,246 

Conn.... 

1,335 

Ohio-... 

1,084 

N.  Y-... 



Pa- 

Ill 

899 

Mass.... 

1,269 

Ohio 

1,866 

N.  Y-... 

1,618 

N.  T — 

N.C 

640 

Pa. 

Ark 

••«••••••• 

Tenn ... 

•••••••••• 

N.  J.-... 

■••••••••• 

Wis .-... 

•.«.•••..• 

N.  H.... 

949 

8.  0 

1,436 

Cal 

1,269 

Cal 

.....>.... 

Cal 

.....M... 

N.  Mex. 

Cal 

Cal 

1,098 

Ark 

Tenn ... 

589 

N.  T-... 

1,560 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

770 

Ohio 

1,064 

Pa- 

Pa- 

2,013 

Pa.. 

Minn ... 

139 

Wash... 

206 

Ill- 

1,106 

Vt 

1,406 

Vt- 

Pa- 

263 

Pa 

1,212 

Pa- 

953 

Kv 

Wis.-... 

Ga- 

Ill- 

1,197 

HI 

Pa. 

Ind 

Minn ... 

191 

Va. 

Miss-... 

618 

Pa. 

714 

Pa. 

1,803 

Pa 

417 

N.  Y-... 

1,493 

N.  Y-... 

652 

N.C 

1,167 

S.  C.-... 

981 

Va. 

Ind 

1,336 

Kan-... 

74 

Kan 

839 

796 

442 

66,747 

855 

130 

715 

177 

1,858 

954 

901 

3,803 

730 

1,424 

1,407 

1,558 

1,241 

1,327 

341 

1,622 

93 

979 

1,029 

964 

1,407 

174 

90 

1,147 

91 

482 

1,376 

1,323 

960 

84 

46 

717 

1,017 

1,955 

1,650 

276 

994 

92 

22 

62 

1,620 

37 

7,007 

923 

2,234 

1,308 

802 

447 

549 

61 

2,282 

175 

1,083 

1,476 

434 

878 

1,610 

262 

2,092 

71 

392 

171 

1,601 

1,252 

100 

292 

1,354 

1,116 

154 

123 

258 

1,606 

112 

224 

148 

494 

17 

1,008 

747 

2,821 

414 

1,386 

419 

1,396 

1,323 

799 

1,616 

659 


Place. 


Turkey  Hill h. 

Turkey  Hill v. 

Turkey  Shore -v. 

Turlock tp. 

Turlock p.v. 

Turman tp. 

Turnback tp. 

TurnbuU tp. 

Turner p.v, 

Turner ....tp. 

Turner p.v. 

Turner p.v, 

Turner  Island isl. 

Turnersburg p.tp. 

Turner's  Station.. ..p. v. 

TnrnersviUe p.h. 

Tumersville p.v. 

Turnersville p.v. 

Turney  Station p.h. 

Turtle tp. 

Turtle  Creek tp. 

Turtle  Creek tp. 

Turtle  Creek p.v. 

I  Turtle  Lake ..p.tp. 

Tuscaloosa c. 

Tuscarawas ....-tp. 

Tuscarawas ..-tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora p.v. 

Tuscarora p.v. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora .....tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora p.v. 

Tuscola .'tp. 

Tuscola .....p.v. 

Tuscola tp. 

Tuscola „...p.v. 

Tuscumbia x. 

Tuscumbia —p.v. 

Tuskegee p.v. 

Tusquitee p.tp, 

Tusten tp. 

Tustin p.v. 

Tustin  City p.v. 

Tuthill „h. 

TweedyviUe h. 

Twelve  Mile p.tp 

Twelve  Mile  Lake  tp. 
Twenty  Mile  Stand.p.h, 

Twin tp. 

Twin tp. 

Twin — ..tp. 

Twin  Groves tp. 

Twin  Groves tp. 

Twin  Lakes .....tp. 

Twin  Lakes _...tp. 

Twiu  Lakes «..p.h. 

Twin  Mound tp. 

Twin  Mound tp. 

Twiiisburg tp. 

Twinsburg p.v. 

Two  Creeks -tp. 

Two  Bivers .p.tp. 

Two  Bivers -p.v. 

Two  Rivers tp. 

Two  Taverns p.h. 

Tyaskin  „ p.v. 

Tybo p.v. 

Tyler p.h. 

Tyler tp. 

Tyler .p.v, 

Tyler c. 

Tylersburg -.p.  v. 

Ty  lersport p.v. 

Tylersville p.v. 

Tylerville p.v. 

Tymochtee tp. 

Tymochtee h. 

Tyuer p.h. 

Tyner  City p.v. 

Tyngsborough p.tp, 

Tynsid -.tp. 

Tyre -tp. 

Tyre p.h. 

Tyringham p.tp, 

Tyro. tp. 

Tyro p.h. 

Tyro -.tp. 

Tyrone .tp. 

Tyrone h. 

Tyrone -.v. 


County. 


Middlesex 

Luzerne 

Essex 

Stanislaus- 

Stanislaus 

Sullivan 

Lawrence- 

Bladen 

Du  Page 

Androscoggin 

Androscoggin 

Marion 

Cumberland 

Iredell 

Henry , 

Crawford 

Gloucester. 

Robertson 

Clinton 

Bock 

Shelby 

Warren 

Alleghany 

Barron 

Tuscaloosa 

Coshocton ~. 

Stark 

Cheboygan 

Elko 

Livingston 

Steuben „.. 

Bradford 

Juniata 

Perry. .„ 

Schuylkill 

Douglas. 

Douglas 

Tuscola 

Tuscola. 

Colbert 

Miller 

Macon 

Clay 

Sullivan 

Waushara 

Los  Angeles 

Ulster 

Delaware 

Madison 

Emuiett 

Warren 

Diirke 

Preble 

Ross 

Greenwood 

Jasper... 

Caliioun 

Carlton 

Freeborn... 

Norton 

Rooks 

Summit 

Summit. 

Manitowoc... 

Morrison 

Manitowoc , 

Manitowoc 

Adams , 

Wicomico 

Nye 

Lincoln- 

Hickory 

Clearfield— 

Smith 

Clarion , 

Montgomery 

Clinton 

Middlesex <. 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Hamilton.- 

Marshall 

Middlesex- , 

Polk 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Medicine 

Tate 

Davidson 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Anderson 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Conn 

Pa.... 

Mass. 

Cal .. 

Cal.. 

Ind.. 

Mo... 

N.C. 

Ill— 

Me.. 

Me.. 

Oregon. 

Me..., 

N.  0, 

Ky... 

Pa...., 

N.  J- 

Teun 

Mo... 

Wis.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Wis.. 

Ala.. 

Ohio-... 

Ohio-. 

>lich.. 

Nev ... 

N.Y-. 

N.  Y-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Ala.... 

Mo.... 

Ala.... 

N.C-. 

N.  Y-. 

Wis.-. 

Cal .... 

N.  Y-. 

Ind.... 

Mo .... 

Iowa.... 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio.... 

Kan-.. 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
Minn.., 
Minn.. 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-... 
Wis.-.., 
Minn .. 

Wis 

Wis-... 

Pa 

Md 

Nev 

Minn .. 

Mo 

Pa- 

Tex..... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa , 

Conn.... 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Tenn  .., 

Ind 

Mass..., 
Minn ... 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y., 
Mass. 
Minn 
Miss.. 
N.  C„ 

111 

Iowa. 
Ky.... 


1,933 
967 
447 


2,380 


796 


1,274 
1,230 
6,650 


1,689 
2,726 
2,412 


1,528 

1,224 

1,492 

899 


2,863 

*i,ii6 


1,214 
126 


341 
1,028 


163 


1,998 
1,799 
2,263 


729 


472 

436 

1^365 

2,766 


1,286 


1,631 


629 
T,280 
'"667 


986 
960 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place 


County. 


T7n>De....MM~ ~tp. 

TjTont^ .p.tp. 

l^rone _ tp. 

Tyrone... ~ tp. 

Tyrone.- p.T. 

Tyrone.- tp. 

Tyrone— p.b. 

Tyrone— „ tp. 

Tyrone.- tp. 

Tyson's -tp. 

T^wsppity tp. 

Uchee p.h. 

Udell tp. 

Udolpho p.tp. 

Uhlersto-wn p.h. 

Uhrichsville p.v. 

Ukiah tp. 

Dkiah p.T. 

Ulster tp. 

Ulster tp. 

Ulster tp. 

Ulster p.v. 

Ulysses p.T. 

Ulysses tp. 

Ulysses p.tp 

Umatilla p.T. 

Unadilla p.tp. 

Unadilla p.T. 

Unadilla p.T. 

Unadilla tp. 

Unadilla p.T. 

Unadilla  Forks p.T. 

Underbill p.tp. 

Underwood .tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.tp, 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.T. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union ^. 

Union tp. 

Union ^ tp. 

Union ^. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union t. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  ....M tp. 

Union » tp. 

^nlon tp. 

Union b. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union ^. 

Union tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Unio;i „ tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  t tp. 

Union tp. 

Union* tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union* „tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 


SUte. 


Kent ~.. 

Livingston 

Le  Sueur 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Adams ■ 

Blair 

Blair ~. 

Perry 

Stanley - 

Scott 

Bussell 

Appanoose 

Mower , 

Bucks 

Tuscarnwas 

Mendocino 

Mendocino 

Floyd 

Ulster 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Butler 

Tompkins 

Potter 

Umatilla 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Otoe 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Chittenden 

Redwood 

Humboldt 

San  Joaquin 

Tolland 

Cumberland- 

Kfflugham 

Fulton 

Livingston 

McHenry.- 

Adams 

Bartholomew 

Benton 

Boone 

Clarke 

Crawford 

DeKalb 

Delaware- 

Elkhart. 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Hendricks 

Howard 

Huntington 

Jasper 

Johnson, 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Madison 

Marshall 

Miami 

Montgomery 

Ohio 

Parke 

Perry -... 

Porter 

Rush 

St.  Joseph- 

Shelby 

Tippecanoe 

Union , 

Vanderburg 

Wells - 

White 

Whitley - , 

Adair - , 

Adams , 

Appanoose , 

Benton 

Black  Hawk 

Boone- 

Calhoun , 

Carroll , 

Cass. , 

Cerro  Gordo , 

Crawford , 

Dallas , 

Davis - , 


Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
K.  T-... 
N.  Y..... 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  0 

Mo 

Ala 

Iowa.... 
Minn  ... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Cal 

Cal 

Iowa..., 

N.  Y 

Pa- , 

Pa 

Neb ..... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Oregon. 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Neb , 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y.... 

Vt 

Minn .. 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..,.. 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 


Pop  '"vtion. 


1870.      1880, 


730 
1^22 

830 
1,993 


1,0()9 
1,840 
1,006 
1,287 
880 
680 


907 
380 


1,541 
966 


500 
1*174 


3,271 
789 


1,041 


2,565 


1,665 


924 
333 
627 

1,836 
637 

1,914 
711 


866 
1,008 

340 
1,057 
1,022 
1,082 
3,059 
1,244 
1,221 


1,200 
1,326 
1,745 
1,016 
196 
1,466 


685 

851 
1,335 

982 
8,447 

669 
1,266 
1,365 
1,057 
1,206 
1,801 
1,200 


1,289 

1,040 

1,263 

1,832 

1,294 

169 

393 

668 

725 

419 

398 


436 
111 


656 
1,663 
1,225 


1,319 

1,273 

1,042 

2,069 

227 

986 

2,678 

1,004 

1,486 

1,141 

692 

63 

863 

668 

99 

2,790 

2,076 

933 

990 

2,806 

1,168 

155 

306 

3,458 

638 

149 

1,094 

234 

178 

2,523 

922 

210 

1,439 

157 

1,788 

981 

539 

2,133 

766 

1,733 

994 

166 

912 

828 

871 

1,092 

1,010 

1,511 

4,121 

1,466 

1,866 

128 

1,433 

1,546 

1,805 

1,290 

408 

1,406 

86 

1,206 

917 

1,389 

1,152 

10,168 

669 

1,401 

1,498 

1,064 

1,393 

2,015 

1,233 

754 

1,464 

1,195 

1,600 

2,217 

1,263 

465 

725 

607 

861 

611 

866 

347 

738 

616 

212 

736 

2,255 

1,231 


Place. 


County. 


Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  * tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.T. 

Union  6 tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union' tp. 

Union  i tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Uniou tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.T, 

Union p.tp. 

Union v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.T, 

Union tp. 

Union .'. tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union t. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.tp. 

Union T. 

Union tp. 

Union T. 

Union p.b. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 


State. 


Delaware 

Dee  Moines 

Floyd 

Guthrie .. 

Hardin , 

Hardin 

Harrison .., 

Jackson......... 

Johnson 

Louisa 

Lucas 

Madi8on 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Plymouth 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Story 

Union 

Van  Bnren.... 

Warren 

Wayne 

Woodbury—... 

Worth 

Barton 

Butler 

Clay 

Dickinson-.... 

Doniphan 

Jefierson 

McPherson.... 
Pottawatomie. 

Republic 

Rice 

Bush 

Sedgwick 

Washington-, 

Boone 

Knox 

Baltimore  -.... 

Branch 

Isabella -. 

Houston 

Barton 

Benton 

Bollinger 

Cass 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Daviess 

Dunklin 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Holt 

Iron 

Jasper 

Laclede 

Lewis 

Lincoln- 

Marion 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Perry 

Pnlaski -. 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

St.  QenevieTe. 

Scotland 

Sullivan 

Washington 

Webster 

Worth 

Wright 

Bergen 

Hudson 

Hudson 

Hunterdon 

Ocean 

Union 

Warren.- 

Broome 

Broome 

Hertford 

Pender 

Randolph— ..- 


Popalation. 


1870.     1880. 


Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan  -... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan  -... 
Kan .... 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 
Kan  -... 

Ky 

Me 

Md 

Mich.... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.J 

N.J 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  C... 
N.C.... 
N.  C_.. 


689 

1,362 

978 

168 

1,276 


238 

1,214 

790 

616 

668 

1,044 

1,190 

765 

366 

1,161 


824 
326 


1,089 
1,631 
1,672 
1,112 
1,006 
600 
297 


674 


648 


1,701 


2,121 

667 

456 

152 

1,186 

1,436 

903 

1,156 

1,016 

1,615 

1,627 

2,856 


1,193 

1,118 

743 


1,860 


1,361 
1,471 
1,666 
1.' 


968 
2,063 
1,138 

855 
1,577 
1,404 
1,222 
1,187 
1,593 
1,199 


2,057 
2,097 
4,640 
1,061 
1,923 
2,314 


2,638 


1,381 
697 


646 

1,382 

1,443 

233 

2,010 

666 

624 

1,487 

780 

608 

919 

1,020 

1,130 

707 

630 

1,132 

260 

800 

626 

638 

1,111 

2,066 

1,411 

847 

998 

697 

720 

311 

361 

616 

677 

816 

872 

670 

634 

709 

1^460 

240 

983 

630 

113 

1,548 

672 

2,672 

2,296 

496 

363 

1,206 

832 

739 

1,367 

1,316 

2,332 

1,780 

2,763 

402 

1,011 

2,028 

1,724 

1,431 

1,329 

3,060 

1,642 

1,667 

1,963 

1,363 

1,308 

1,779 

1,763 

721 
1,417 
1,882 
1,700 
1,10« 
1,609 
1,674 
1,762 

943 
3,164 
1,310 
6,849 
1,167 
1,024 
2,418 

10S 
2,696 

737 

06 

1,793 

813 


>  In  1871,  parts  to  Beaver  and 
People's. 


«  In  1870,  part  to  Richland. 
*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Seely. 

>  In  1872,  part  to  Washington. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Rutland. 
t  In  1877,  part  to  Barton. 

401 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlM*. 


Union ^ ....tp. 

Union .^ ....tp. 

Union ..~.tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union MM .~.tp. 

Union tp. 

IFmon M tp. 

Union tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union M..tp. 

Union tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union ^.tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union ~ ....tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union ».p.T< 

Union....... tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  i. tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union T. 

Union b. 

Union tp. 

Union ...tp. 

Union »»tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  *_ tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union » p.v. 

Union p.v. 

Union tp. 

Union ^ tp. 

Union tp. 

Union...... p.tp. 

Union ....« tp. 

Union ...tp. 

Union  Bridge p.v. 

Union  Centre ..tp. 

Union  Centre ..p.v. 

Union  Ctinrcb p.h. 

Union  City ~p.T. 

Union  City p.v. 

Union  City tp. 

Union  City ......p.v. 

Union  City .....v. 

Union  City ......p.v. 

Union  Corners h. 

Union  Dale ..p.v. 

Union  Deposit p.v. 

Union  Depot. p.v. 

Union  Falls p.h. 

Union  Grove p.tp, 

Union  Grove tp. 

Union  Grove p.h. 

Union  Grove p.v. 

Union  Grove tp. 

Union  Grove p.v. 

Union  Mills v. 

Union  Mills h. 

Union  Mills p.v. 

Union  Mills p.h. 

Union  Point p.v. 

Unionport p.h. 


Oonaty. 


Butherford 

Wilkes 

Auglaize 

Belmont , 

Brown ~~.. 

Butler ~.... 

Carroll 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Fayette ..., 

Hancock 

Highland 

Knox 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Madison 

Mercer 

Miami 

Montgomery .. 

Morgan 

Muskingum... 

Pike 

Putnam 

Boss 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Union 

Adams 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Berks 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Krie 

Erie 

Fulton 

Huntingdon..., 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Lebanon 

Luzerne 

Mifflin 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Tioga 

Union 

Washington..., 
Orangeburg.... 

Union 

Union 

Monroe... 

Door 

Eau  Claire , 

Pierce , 

Eock 

Vernon 

Waupaca 

Carroll , 

Elk 

Broome 

Jefferson........ 

New  Haven..., 

Randolph 

Allamakee  .... 

Branch , 

Darke 

Obion , 

Cattaraugus.... 
Susquehanna., 

Dauphin .., 

Sullivan 

Clinton 

Whiteside 

Meeker 

Gentry 

Delaware 

Iredell 

Racine 

La  Porte 

Wabash 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Greene 

Randolph 


State. 


N.  0 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio„... 
Ohio»... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio„... 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon, 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa_ , 

Pa_ 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

8.  C 

S.  C 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Md 

Kan 

N.  T 

Miss..... 
Conn... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich... 
Ohio.... 
Tenn .. 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn... 
N.  T-.. 

Ill 

Minn.. 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  C„.. 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

N.  Y„... 

Ga 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


492 

894 
1,462 
1,684 
5,399 
2,013 

609 
1.600 
1,920 
4,227 
4,471 
1,546 
1,455 
1,017 
1,940 
1,855 

753 
3,109 
1,475 
3,291 

212 
1,683 
1,643 

651 
1,031 
2,790 

652 

742 
1,336 

524 
1,089 


1,105 

1,986 

1,791 

2,165 

847 

400 

622 


1,500 

1,334 

424 

789 

595 

1,434 

1,614 

1,637 

1,469 

1,110 

1,091 

1,098 

840 

1,418 


2,846 


419 
294 


266 
2,145 
506 
211 
323 


1,439 

678 


792 


1,070 
314 


1,029 


630 

900 

1,690 

1,686 

5,776 

2,163 

684 

1,588 

1,992 

5,061 

6,176 

1,876 

1,453 

1,728 

2,460 

1,872 

784 

4,443 

1,820 

3,859 

224 

1,695 

1,793 

678 

1,398 

2,5-27 

1,168 

714 

1,635 

1,026 

1,110 

416 

1,180 

2,367 

966 

1,640 

1,086 

651 

603 

250 

2,171 

1,377 

602 

780 

809 

2,418 

1,719 

9Z0 

1,417 

1,292 

1,251 

1,789 

724 

1,913 

1,418 

3,637 

1,267 

372 

610 

631 

734 

2,077 

741 

684 

679 

1,296 

116 

83 

1,207 

2,478 

679 

1,280 

1,127 

1,879 

50 

146 

435 

410 

63 

1,091 

603 

40 

136 

1,220 

412 

270 

67 

162 

74 

676 

37 


Place. 


Unionport p.h. 

Union  Prairie tp. 

Union  Springs p. v. 

Union  Springs p.v. 

Union  Star p.v. 

Uuion  Star p.h. 

Union  Station p.v. 

Unioutown p.v. 

Uniontown „h. 

Uniontown v. 

Uniontown h. 

Uniontown ..-p.v. 

Uniontown p.v. 

Uniontown p.v. 

Uniontown b. 

Uniontown p.v. 

Uniontown v. 

Union  town -v. 

Uniontown b. 

Unioutown p.b. 

Uniontown h. 

Uniontown v. 

Uuion  Vale tp. 

Union  Village v. 

Union  Village -p.b. 

Unionville v. 

Union  ville p.v. 

Unionville p.v. 

Unionville p.h. 

Unionville p.v. 

Unionville h. 

UnionTille h. 

Unionville p.  v. 

Unionville v. 

Unionville h. 

Unionville h. 

Unionville b. 

Unionville p.v, 

Unionville  Centre..p.T. 
Union  Waterworks.h. 

Unlopolis. p.v. 

Unison ....pJi. 

Unitia p.v. 

Unity tp. 

Unity tp. 

Unity p.v. 

Unity p.tp, 

Uuity ™tp. 

Unity h. 

Unity tp. 

Unity p.T. 

Unity .....tp. 

Uuity tp. 

Uuity .....tp. 

Upland p.v. 

Upland p.b. 

Upper _.,tp. 

Upper „...tp. 

Upper tp. 

Upper -tp. 

Upper  Allen tp. 

Upper.\llowHy8Crk  '.tp. 

Upper  Alton p.v. 

Upper  iVstoria v. 

Upper  Augusta tp. 

Upper  Bern p.tp, 

Upper  Burrell tp. 

Upper  Chichester  ..tp. 

Upper  Choupi v. 

Upper  Conetoe tp. 

Upper  Creek tp. 

Upper  Darby -p.tp. 

Upper  Dublin p.tp. 

Upper  Fairfield. tp. 

Upper  Falls p.h. 

Upper  Fishing  Crk.tp. 

Upper  Fork tp. 

Upper  Freehold tp. 

Upper  Grove p.h. 

Upper  Hanover tp. 

Upper  Hibernia v. 

Upper  Hominy tp. 

Upper  Jay p.v. 

Upper  Lake p.v. 

Upper  Laurel tp. 

Upper  Leacock tp. 

Upper  Lehigh p.v. 

Upper  Lisle p.v. 

Upper  Little  Eiver.tp, 

Upper  Loutre tp. 

Upper  Macungie...tp. 


County, 


Jefferson 

Allamakee 

Bullock 

Cayuga 

Breckenrldge., 

DeKalb 

Lancaster 

Perry 

El  Dorado 

Washington .., 

Jackson 

Bourbon. 

Union 

Carroll 

Middlesex 

Belmont 

Muskingum-.. 

Stark 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Indiana. 

Union 

Dutchess 

Warren 

Orange 

Orange 

Appanoose 

Putnam 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Humboldt 

Burlington 

Morris 

Orange 

Morgan 

Beaver 

Butler. 

Centre 

Bedford 

Union 

Lebanon  

Anglaize 

Loudoun 

Loudon  - 

Piatt 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Sullivan 

Rowan 

Adams 

Columbiana- 

Columbiana 

Westmoreland... 

Clark 

Trempealeau 

Grant. 

Delaware 

Cape  May 

Chowan- 

Lawrence 

Richland 

Cumberland 

Salem 

Madison 

Clatsop 

Northumberland 

Berks 

Westmoreland.... 

Delaware 

La  Fourche 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Delaware 

Montgomery 

Lycoming 

Baltimore 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Monmouth 

Hancock 

Montgomery 

Morris 

Buncombe 

Essex 

Lake 

Madison 

Lancaster 

Luzerne 

Broome 

Harnett 

Montgomery 

Lehigh- 


State. 


Ohio-. 
Iowa... 
Ala.... 
N.  Y„, 

Ky 

Mo 

Pa 

Ala..,, 
Cal .... 
D.  0-.. 
Ind..,. 
Kan-, 
Ky,... 
Md,.,. 
N.  J-, 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Pa-.,.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N,  Y-, 
Ohio- 

Vt 

Ind-. 
Iowa  , 
Mo  .... 
Mon-. 
Nev.— 
N.  J,„ 
N.  J-, 
N.  Y- 
Ohio-, 

Pa. 

Pa_..., 

Pa , 

Tenn. 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Ohio- 
Va...., 
Tenn' 

111 

Me..,, 
Me,... 
N.  H., 
N.  C„ 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 

Pa 

Wis.-. 
Wis.- 
Ind... 

Pa. 

N.  J- 
N.  C... 
Ohio-. 
S.C... 

Pa 

N.J.., 

Ill 

Oregon. 
Pa.,.,. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

La..... 
N.  C„ 
N,  C- 
Pa...., 
Pa.,,.. 
Pa...,, 
Md,.. 
N,  C. 
N,  C- 
N.  J- 
Iowa. 
Pa..„, 
N.  J- 
N.  C-. 
N,Y- 
Cal ,., 
N.  C- 
Pa..... 

Pa 

N.  Y„ 
N.  0- 
Mo.... 
Pa..... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


912 
1,466 
1,160 

104 


1,444 


319 


156 
287 


299 
2,603 


1,434 
232 


462 
470 


02 


820 


120 


934 
1,201 


844 
883 


2,286 
3*624 


1,341 
1,483 
1,176 
7,832 
1,962 
1,341 
3,062 


1,246 
2,008 


639 


1,437 
1,736 
3,130 
1,688 
770 


2,064 

594 

8,640 


2,197 
1*323 


1,961 


247 
1,221 
2,468 
3,061 


402 


^  In  1876,  part  to  King. 


*  Since  1870,  part  to  Hunlock. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  Qnintoa. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIac«. 


Upper  Mahanoy tp. 

Upper  MahaDtango.tp. 
Upper  Makeflpld...tp. 
UpporMarlborough.p.v. 

Upper  Merioa tp. 

Upper  Midilletowa.p.v, 

Upper  Milford tp. 

Upper  Mt.  BetheL.tp. 
Upper  Nazareth....tp. 

Upper  Nyack „v. 

Upper  Oxford tp. 

Upper  Pazton tp. 

Upper  Penn's  Neck.tp. 
Upper  Pltt8grove...tp. 

Upper  Prospect. p. v. 

Upper  Providence..tp. 
Upper  Providence..tp. 
Upper  Bed  Hook...p.T. 

Upper  St.  Clair p.tp, 

Upper  St  JohnBvllIe.T. 

Upper  Salford tp. 

Upper  Sandusky. ...p.T. 

Upper  Saucon tp. 

Upper  8tillwater...p.T. 
Upper  Stra8burg...p.v. 
Upper  Town  Creek.tp. 
Upper  Tulpehocken.tp, 
Upper  Turkeyfoot.tp. 

Upper  Tyrone tp. 

Upper  Uwcblan tp. 

Upperrille p.  v. 

Upper  Yodor _.tp. 

Upson ..p.h. 

Cpton M p.tp. 

Upton ....p.tp. 

Upton tp. 

Upton ^ ..V. 

Urbana tp. 

Urbana c. 

Urbana ..« p.Y. 

Urbana ....tp. 

Urbana ........p.b. 

Urbana ....p.r. 

Urbana ........tp. 

Urbana tp. 

Urbana ~ c. 

Urbana p.r. 

Urich ,»...p.h. 

UricbsTlIIe  .,.„^.~p.r. 

Urn  ess ..^ tp. 

Ursa » ......tp. 

Uraa ..^...........p.r. 

Ursina p.b. 

Usqnepangh ....p.v. 

Ustick......... ...tp. 

UtahTille.......^  -.»v. 

UtahvlUe....^ p.T. 

Utica T. 

Utica .....tp, 

Utica ..M.p.T. 

Utica ....tp. 

Utica.......... ....p.T. 

UHca ....tp. 

Utica .M. ...p.T. 

Utica p.tp, 

Utica ....p.T. 

Utica ....p.T. 

Utica „ »..p.T. 

Utica „..c. 

Utica. .............p.T. 

Utica p.b. 

Utica „ ....tp. 

Utica b. 

Utica „.tp. 

Utica  Mills. p.b. 

Utopia ......T. 

Utsaladdy p.T. 

UTalde; ....-p.T. 

Uwcblan _tp. 

U«harie...._ -p.tp. 

Uxbridee...... p.tp 

Vacayille  i tp. 

Vacaville........„..-p.T. 

Vaiden ......p.T. 

Vail p.T. 

Vail tp. 

Valatle ►.......-p.T. 

Valdosta p.T. 

Valeene p.b. 

Valentine .....p.b. 

V»lle „ tp. 


Coanty. 


Nortbumberland. 

Scbuylkill 

Bucks /. 

Prince  George's-, 

Montgomery 

Fayette , 

Lebigb 

Northampton , 

Nortbampton 

Bockland. , 

Cbester 

Daupbin 

Salem 

Salem 

Cambria , 

Delaware 

Montgomery , 

Dutchess...... 

Alleghany 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Wyandot 

Lehigh 

Penobscot 

Franklin 

Edgecombe 

Berks 

Somerset 

Fayette - 

Chester _... 

Fauquier 

Cambria 

Maverick 

Oxford 

Worcester 

Texas 

Summit - 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Wabash- 

Monroe 

Neosho 

Frederick 

Steuben -.. 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Middlesex 

Henry 

Tuscarawas 

Douglas , 

Adams 

Adams 

Somerset 

Washington- 

Whiteside- 

Maricopa 

Clearfield 

Fulton 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

CUrke ».. 

Clarke 

Chickasaw. 

Macomb 

Wiuona - 

Hinds 

Lirlngston 

Seward 

Oneida 

Licking 

Venango 

Crawford 

Waukesha , 

Winnebago 

Frederick- 

Clermont 

Island 

Uvalde 

Chester- 

Montgomery 

Worcester 

Solano 

Solano 

Carroll 

Crawford 

Bedwood 

Columbia.. 

Lowndes 

Orange 

La  Grange 

Jetferson 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Pa.,.. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Md.. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa-.. 
Pa.... 
N.Y. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
N.J. 
N.J., 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 

N.  y. 

Pa.... 
N.Y, 

Pa-.. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Me... 

Pa.... 

N.C.. 

Pa„.. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Va... 

Pa-.. 

Tex.. 

Me... 

Mass.... 

Mo... 

Utah 

111-.. 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Iowa.... 

Kan. 

Md  ... 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio., 

Va..., 

Mo... 

Ohio., 

Minn 

111...., 

Ill 

Pa 

E.I.. 

Ill 

Arizona 

Pa-., 

111-. 

111-. 

111.... 

Ind., 

Ind. 

Iowa.... 

Mich 

Minn ... 

Miss.. 

Mo.... 

Neb... 

N.  Y.. 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

Wis... 
Wis.- 
Wis... 
Md.... 
Ohio.. 
Wash 
Tex.- 

Pa 

N.O.- 

Mass.... 

Cal ... 

Cal.... 

Miss.. 

Iowa. 

Minn 

N.  Y., 

Ga..... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Mo.... 


878 
761 

1,605 
492 

3,870 


2,015 

3,764 

740 


1,079 
1,371 
3,178 
2,087 


768 
3,202 


810 


1,705 
2,564 
3,487 


1,092 
1,196 
1,011 


781 
422 


642 


3,325 
2,277 


2,082 
6,103 
4,276 


1,541 

145 

1,411 


1,026 


1,145 


931 


1,370 
15U 


28,804 

834 

225 

1,260 


1,039 


163 

794 

480 

3,058 

1,701 


1,199 


2,816 


922 

718 

1,470 

641 

8,275 

131 

2,475 

3,645 

838 

412 

1,096 

1,643 

3,361 

2,073 

144 

855 

3,692 

184 

829 

149 

1,866 

3,640 

3,228 

327 

306 

1,133 

1,274 

953 

3,306 

848 

351 

916 

67 

245 

2,023 

788 

174 

4,175 

2,942 

114 

767 

53 

180 

2,318 

7,781 

6,262 

163 

71 

2,790 

388 

1,618 

123 

446 

216 

1,066 

123 

100 

120 

1,273 

767 

1,608 

625 

1,232 

493 

1,094 

230 

661 

194 

33,914 

702 

301 

1,496 

60 

1,045 

45 

116 

187 

794 

698 

676 

3,111 

1,299 

361 

626 

611 

61 

1,776 

1,615 

69 

48 

8,605 


Place. 


Vall^o tp. 

Vallejjo c. 

Vallejo tp. 

Vallers tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley.- tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley _ tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley.- tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley p.b. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley  Brook' p.tp. 

Valley  Centre p.b. 

Valley  City -p.v. 

Valley  City p.b. 

Valley  City h. 

Valley  Falls p.T. 

Valley  Falls p.v. 

Valley  Falls p.T. 

Valley  Ford p.T. 

Valley  Forge t. 

Valley  Forge p.T. 

Vallev  Furnace t. 

Valley  Mills p.b. 

Valley  Mills h. 

Valley  Mills p.T. 

Valley  Springs h. 

Valley  Stream p.T. 

Valley  Town p.tp. 

Valley  View p.T. 

Valliclta p.T. 

Vallonia p.T. 

Vallonia p.b. 

Valparaiso c. 

Valparaiso p.T. 

Valtou p.b. 

Valverdi _.tp. 

VanAlstyne p.v. 

Vanatta p.b. 

Van  Buren -...p.T. 

Van  Buren. tp. 

Van  Buren -tp. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren -..tp. 

Van  Buren p.T. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren ...t. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren—  .......tp. 

Van  Buren.- -..tp. 

Van  Buren -tp. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Buren p.T. 

Van  Buren— tp. 

Van  Buren- tp. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Bnren tp. 

Van  Buren— p.tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren— p.T. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Buren— tp. 

Van  Buren -.tp. 

Van  Buren— p.h. 

Vance p.b. 

Vance tp. 

Vance tp. 

Vanceborough p.tp. 

Vancelxirough p.T. 

Vanceburg -...p.T. 


County. 


Solano - , 

Solano 

Sonoma 

Lyon , 

Surk 

Guthrie 

Page 

Polk , 

Pottawattamie. 

Ellsworth 

Lincoln  

Linn 

Miami 

Morris. 

Nemaha 

Phillips 

Beno , 

Bice 

Macon 

Douglas 

Guernsey 

Scioto , 

Armstrong 

Chester. 

Montour 


Sedgwick 

Barnes 

Pike 

Scott , 

Jefferson , 

Bensselaer 

Providence 

Sonoma , 

Fairfield 

Chester 

Scbuylkill 

Marion 

Fayette- 

Bosque 

Minnehaha .-... 

Queens 

Cherokee 

Schuylkill 

Calaveras— 

Jackson , 

Crawford 

Porter , 

Saunders 

Sauk 

Sumner -... 

Grayson 

Licking 

Crawford 

Brown 

Clay , 

Daviess 

Fountain 

Grant- 

Grant 

Kosciusko- < 

La  Grange , 

La  Grange , 

Madison 

Monroe-....-.., 

Pulaski.- , 

Shelby 

Jackson- 

Keokuk , 

Lee- 

Van  Buren 

Aroostook- 

Aroostook- 

Wayne 

Jackson- , 

Newton- 

Wright 

Onondaga 

Darke. 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Montgomery..., 

Putnam 

Shelby 

Washington 

Tuscaloosa 

Vermilion 

Lenoir 

Washington-... 

Craven 

Lewis 


SUte. 


Population. 


Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Minn  .. 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan .... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan .... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan..- 

Mo 

Neb.-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan  -.. 
Kan..- 
Dak-.. 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Kan-.., 
N.  Y-.. 
R.  I .-., 
Cal .... 
Conn  ., 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind...., 

Pa 

Tex.... 
Dak-., 
N.  Y... 
N.  C-. 

Pa. , 

Cal 

Ind 

Pa 

Ind 

Neb 

Wis.... 
Kan„. 
Tex.... 
Ohio-., 
Ark.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind — 
Ind — 
Iowa.- 
Iowa.- 
Iowa... 
Iowa.- 
Me..— 

Me. 

Mich... 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y— 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio..- 
Ohlo— 
Ohio— 
Oblo..- 

Pa. 

AU 

Ill 

N.a— 

Me 

N.C— 
Ky 


1870.      1880, 


6,891 
'1,061 


636 
715 


1,096 
"*777 


834 
724 
1,821 
1,165 
1,061 
1,539 


1,030 


462 
2,766 


985 
2,048 
3,323 
1,172 

622 
1,110 


1,467 
1,347 

874 

972 

972 

1,194 

1,165 

1,031 

966 

2,455 

922 

''i',976 
2,036 
1,288 


3,038 
1,212 
780 
167 
2,600 
1,350 
1,381 


1^12 
'~*32ii 
*~*813 


6,687 

6,987 

1,471 

146 

986 

1,194 

1,012 

1,181 

842 

763 

208 

1,002 

867 

1,996 

539 

449 

645 

809 

911 

42 

999 

961 

1,861 

1,187 

1,014 

1,136 

71 

302 

60 

60 

1,016 

782 

1,861 

102 

164 

184 

145 

74 

34 

113 

96 

605 

1,043 

261 

214 

177 

528 

4,461 

300 

50 

487 

213 

79 

1,029 

2,264 

6,161 

1,334 

2,123 

1,651 

124 

1,574 

1,376 

124 

1,691 

1,087 

1,133 

1,624 

1,375 

1,003 

960 

2,297 

1,110 

281 

1,918 

2,124 

1,840 

661 

3,091 

1,612 

907 

130 

2,963 

2,444 

1,647 

82 

82 

1,640 

1496 

881 

aM 

urn 


lln  1871.  part  to  Elmira. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


403 


POPULATION  OF   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAEED. 


Place. 


County. 


Vance's tp. 

Vancouver p.y. 

Vandalia tp. 

Vandalia c. 

Vandalia p.h. 

Vandalia p.v. 

Vandalia p.y. 

Vandalia p.v. 

Vandalia p.v. 

Van  DeiisenTille  ...p.v. 

Van  Duzen tp. 

Van  Dyne » p.h. 

Van  Etten tp. 

Van  Bttenvine p.v. 

Van  HornesTllle...p.v. 

Vanlue p.v. 

Van  Meter tp. 

Van  Meter p.v. 

Van  Orin p.h. 

Van  Wert p.v. 

Varennes p.tp, 

Varlck p.tp. 

Varna p.v. 

Vamell'g  Station. ..p.h. 

Varysburg. p.h. 

Vasa p.tp. 

Vasa ...h. 

Vassalborough tp. 

Vasnalbo  rough p.v. 

Vassar „.tp. 

Vassar ».p.v. 

Vauclnse p.v. 

Veale ...tp. 

Veal's  Station p.h. 

Veazie p.tp. 

Veedersburg p.v. 

Vega h. 

Velasco p.h. 

Venango ~.tp.. 

Venango tp. 

Venango _.p.b. 

Venango „.tp. 

Venedy p.v. 

Venice tp. 

Venice p.v. 

Venice .......tp. 

Venice ~.p.tp. 

Venice v. 

Venice p.v. 

Venice tp. 

Ventura tp. 

Vera .......p.v. 

Vera  Cruz p.v. 

Vera  Cruz p.h. 

Verbank p.y. 

Verdi tp. 

Verdi p.h. 

Verdier tp. 

Verdigris tp. 

Vergennes p.tp. 

Vergennes tp. 

Vergennes c. 

Vermilion p.y. 

Vermilion p.y. 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion ^..tp. 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion p.y. 

Vermilion  ............p.tp, 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion p.y. 

Vermilionville  ......p.y. 

Vennont ...tp. 

Vermont ...p.y. 

Vermont tp. 

Vermontville. „.tp. 

Vermontville ~p.y. 

Vernal p.h. 

Vernon p.y. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.y. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.v. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon  1 tp. 

Vernon p.v. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 


Orangeburg.. 

Clark 

Fayette , 

Fayette 

Owen 

Jasper 

Cass 

Audrain 

Montgomery 

Berkshire 

Humboldt.... 
Foud  du  Lac 

Chemung 

Chemung 

Herkimer 

Hancock 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Bureau 

Van  Wert.... 

Anderson 

Seneca 

Marshall 

Whitfield..;.., 
Wyoming  _... 

Goodhue 

Washington.. 
Kennebec... 
Kennebec... 

Tuscola 

Tuscola 

Aiken 

Daviess 

Parker 

Penobscot 

Fountain 

Jackson 

Brazoria. 

Butler 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Erie 

Washington.. 

Madison 

Madison 

ShiawaMee... 

Caynga 

Butler 

Erie 

Seneca 

Ventura 

Fayette  „ 

Wells 

Lehigh 

Dutchess 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Colleton 

Wilson 

Jackson 

Kent 

Addison 

Clay 

Edgar 

La  Salle 

Vermilion 

Marshall 

IMarshall 

Dakota 

Ashland 

Erie 

Erie 

Lafayette 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Dane 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Greene 

Lamar 

Sutter 

Tolland.™ , 

Tolland 

Lake 

Marion , 

Hancock 

Jackson 

Jennings , 

Jennings , 

Washington . 
Dubuque 


State. 


S.C 

Wash... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa .... 
Mich..., 

Mo 

Ohio 

Mass.... 

Oal 

Wis 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y...., 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio..... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ohio 

S.  0 

N.Y 

Ill 

Ga 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 

Minn 

Me.... 

Me.... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

S.  C... 

Ind... 

Tex... 

Me.... 

Ind... 

Ohio.. 

Tex.. 

Pa.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Ill 

Ill 

ni 

Mich. 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Cal ... 

Ill 

Ind... 

Pa 

N.Y. 
Minn 
Minn 
S.  C... 
Kan.. 

Ill 

Mich. 

Vt 

Dakota. 

111.... 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ohio... 

Ohio... 

Ohio... 

La 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis... 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Miss.. 
Ala.... 
Cal...., 
Conn. 
Conn. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


822 


2,431 
1,771 


313 


1,533 
"*169 
T,433 


2,625 
1,892 
1,741 


1,218 
2^919 
*"77'5 


65 


902 

623 

318 

1,370 


1,880 
1*781 


3,176 
687 


1,342 
1,570 


671 
2,133 
1,738 


652 

2,087 

1,833 

721 

777 

2,289 


1,244 

1,801 

544 


799 
5,446 


1,259 


1,963 
1,508 
2,385 
673 
1,101 
1,243 


1,286 

1,722 

2,713 

2,056 

71 

241 

439 

501 

315 

146 

681 

84 

1,991 

553 

199 

364 

1,656 

376 

55 

4,079 

2,216 

1,739 

286 

99 

83 

1,157 

48 

2,621 

142 

1,579 

670 

667 

1,089 

71 

622 

636 

29 

55 

1,322 

602 

347 

1,445 

408 

1,119 

612 

1,424 

1,889 

310 

116 

2,231 

2,263 

116 

260 

98 

144 

195 

25 

3,554 

1,4:^4 

910 

1,148 

1,782 

714 

387 

612 

2,215 

1,770 

122 

819 

2,209 

1,944 

1,069 

815 

2,093 

1,133 

961 

2,015 

623 

47 

208 

662 

6,915 

172 

1,244 

133 

2,306 

1,897 

1,942 

616 

1,014 

1,077 


Vernon  > tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon* p.tp. 

Vernon* tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.h. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.v. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.tp. 

Vernon p.h. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.v. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.v. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon  Centre p.v. 

Vernon  Centre p.v. 

Vernon  City ~..h. 

Vernon  Depot p.y. 

Vernon  Springs.....tp. 

Verona p.y. 

Verona p.v. 

Verona ~ tp. 

Verona tp. 

Verona tp. 

Verona p.v. 

Verona p.v. 

Verona p.tp. 

Verona v. 

Verona p.b. 

Verona h. 

Verona p.tp. 

Verplanck p.v. 

Versailles tp. 

Versailles p.v. 

Versailles .p.v. 

Versailles p.v. 

Versailles p.v. 

Versailles p.v. 

Versailles -tp. 

Vesper -.p.v. 

Vesta tp. 

Vestaburg p.v. 

Vestal y. 

Vestal p.tp. 

Veteran tp. 

Veto ..._.h. 

Vevay ....p.v. 

Vevay tp. 

Vibbard p.v. 

Vicksburg tp. 

Vicksburg p.v. 

Vicksburg c. 

Victor tp. 

Victor p.y. 

Victor tp. 

Victor p.tp. 

Victor p.tp. 

Victor tp. 

Victor p.v. 

Victoria p.tp. 

Victoria tp. 

Victoria p.tp. 

Victoria tp. 

Victoria h. 

Victoria  Station....p.y. 

Victoria p.y. 

Victory -tp. 

Victory p.tp. 

Victory tp. 

Victory p.v. 

Victory tp. 

Victory p.tp. 

Victory p.v. 

Victory  Mills. p.v. 

Vidalia p.v. 

Vienna .tp. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna p.v. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna p.v. 

Vienna .p.tp. 


County. 

State. 

Population, 

1870. 

1880. 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Kan 

303 

'"1,474 
176 

432 

Palo  Alto 

186 

939 

Wright- 

328 

952 

La 

83 

Mich.... 

383 
1,797 

666 

860 

902 

1,979 

1,090 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Miss..... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

2,267 
654 

Blue  Earth 

673 

937 

26 

Clarke 

927 

1,811 

119 

N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt. 

Wis. 

Minn... 
N.Y 

2,840 

891 
1,513 

988 
1,924 

930 
1,616 

764 
1,180 

3,066 

Oneida 

345 

Clinton 

1,662 

Crawford 

1,038 

Scioto 

1,481 

Trumbull  - 

1,018 

1,919 

Windham 

652 

1,195 

Blue  Earth 

125 

Oneida 

190 

Mich.... 
Conn  ... 
Iowa.... 
Ill 

"T,46b 

60 

Tolland 

366 

2,645 

163 

Ky 

163 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Miss 

362 
276 
607 

366 

740 

Faribault 

660 

696 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

240 
6,767 

470 

Oneida 

6,287 

Preble 

sai 

IJWt 

Va 

m 

Wis 

N.Y  — 

111 

Ill 

1,126 

"T,4n 

1,017 

Westchester 

1,331 
1,836 

617 

BIpley 

Ind. 

Ky 

Mo 

Ohio-.,. 
Pa. 

496 

3,268 

603 

465 

Woodford 

2,126 

678 

Darke 

1,163 

727 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Mich.... 

ZZ'Z 

1S7 

63 

438 

140 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ala 

Ind 

2,221 
2,479 

8,184 

2,263 

69 

1,884 

Mich ... 
Mo 

1,120 

1,207 

Ray  

140 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Miss 

111 

Iowa.... 
Kan-... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
Ill 

'l2,4« 
926 

940 

696 
2,437 

606 
1,190 

785 

784 

11,814 

De  Kalb 

842 

601 

376 

1,147 

Wright 

1,093 

2,804 

704 

1,262 

mo 

Ellis 

Kan..... 
Kan-... 

349 

Bice 

900 

Mo 

88 

Mo 

138 

Tenn.... 



648 

Guthrie  

797 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 
Pa. 

314 
1,898 

616 

i,esa 

192 

377 

Vt 

Wis 

263 

321 

114 

N.  Y-... 

La. 

Ill 

Ill 

Hi 

Ind 

Ind 

870 

"    900 

1,496 

650 

1,610 

1,120 

449 

1,0.52 

1,672 

404 

Scott 

1,928 

Scott 

m 

Marshall 

Iowa.... 

906 

881 

t  In  1872,  part  to  Lovett. 
404 


s  In  1870,  part  to  Lake. 


»  In  1870,  part  to  Henry. 


*  In  1879,  part  to  Blaine. 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUos. 


County. 


TIenna .p.tp. 

Vienna _p.T. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna ~p.h. 

Vienna. ..tp. 

Vienna.. tp. 

menna ~b. 

Vienna. p.tp. 

Vienna^ p.tp. 

Vienna. t. 

Vienna- p.tp. 

Vienna. p.y. 

Vienna. tp. 

Vienna. p.h. 

VlgUaa V. 

tlgo tp. 

Village tp. 

Village  Creek p.T. 

Village  Green p.v. 

Villa  Rica p.T. 

Villenova p.tp. 

Vllle  Platte p.T. 

Vlllisca. p.T. 

Vina. p.h. 

Vinal  Haren tp. 

Vincennee tp. 

Vincennee c. 

Vincennee p.T. 

Vincentown p.T. 

Vinegar  Hill ap. 

Vineland p.b. 

Vineyard „tp. 

Vineyard  Haven  ...p.T. 

Vinita tp. 

Vinland p.tp, 

Vinton c. 

Vinton p.y. 

Vinton p.T. 

Vinton tp. 

'Viola - tp. 

Viola p.T. 

Viola „tp. 

Viola «p.T. 

Viola „ _tp. 

Viola. .tp. 

Viola tp. 

Viola ^ ...._p.tp. 

Viola....... p.T. 

Violet tp. 

Vlrden tp. 

Vlrden p.T. 

Virgil tp. 

Virgil p.h. 

Virgil tp. 

Virgil tp. 

Virgil p,T. 

Virgil  City p.h. 

Virgin  City p.T. 

Virginia t. 

Virginia p.T. 

Virginia tp. 

Virginia tp. 

Virginia tp. 

Virginia  City t. 

Virginia  City p.T. 

Virginia  City c. 

Virginia  Point t. 

Vlrginville p.h. 

Vlroqua tp. 

VIroqua p.T. 

Visalla « tp. 

Visalia p.T. 

Vischer'i  Ferry. .._p.T. 
Viiitation  Valley. .h. 

Vistula p.T. 

Vivian ~p.tp. 

Voganeville p.T. 

Volcano p.T. 

Volcano p.T. 

Volga. ~..p.T. 

Volga tp. 

Volga  City .p.T. 

Volinia. p.tp. 

Volney.. p.h. 

Volney p.tp, 

Volo p.T. 

VoluQtown ».tp. 

Volusia p.h. 

Vulture p.h. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash ..^......tp. 


Pottawatomie.. 

Lincoln ..._ 

Kennebec- 

Kennebec 

Genesee 

Rock 

Macon 

Oneida 

Forsyth 

Clark 

Trombnll 

Fairfax 

Dane 

Walworth 

San  Miguel...., 

Knox 

Van  Buren 

Allamakee 

Delaware 

Carroll 

Chautauqua.... 

St.  Landry 

Montgomery .. 

Tehama 

Knox 

Knox 

Knox- 

Lee 

Burliugtou.... 

Jo  Dariess 

Cumberland... 

Lawrence 

Dukes 

Kingman 

Winnebago.... 

Benton 

Bates 

Gallia 

Vinton 

Lee 

Mercer 

AuduiK>n 

Linn 

Osceola 

Sac 

Sedgwick- 

Olmsted 

Richland 

Fairfield 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Kane 

Greenwood.... 

Veruon 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Cedar 

Kane 

Placer 

Cass 

Warren 

Pemiscot 

Coshocton 

Gunnison 

Madison 

Storey 

Galveston 

Berks 

Vernon- 

Vernon 

Tnlare 

Tulare 

Saratoga 

San  Mateo 

Elkhart 

Waseca. 

Lancaster 

Amador. 

Wood 

BiKoklngs 

Cfl^ton 

Clayton 

Cass 

Allamakee..... 

Oswego ~ 

Lake 

Windham 

Volusia. 

Maricopa 

Clark -.., 

Adams 


State. 


Kan. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


1,288 


Mass .... 

Kan 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa .... 
Kan ...- 
Minn ... 
Wis.-.- 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Utah.... 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Col 

Mon... 
Nev.-. 
Tex-.. 

Pa 

Wis.-. 
Wis.-. 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Y... 

Cal 

Ind.... 
Minn. 

Pa 

Cal 

W.Va 

Dak-., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Mich.... 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

III 

Conn ... 

Fla 

Arizona 

111... 

Ind. 


740 


1,916 


3,180 
836 


1,132 


1,176 


La.... 
Me.... 
Me.... 
Mich. 
Minn 
Mo.... 
N.  Y- 
N.  C. 
Ohio., 
Ohio.. 
Va..., 
Wis... 
Wis... 
N.Mex. 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa... 

Pa 

Qa 

N.  Y„.. 

La 

Iowa .... 

Cal.... 

Me.... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

N.  J„, 

111 

N.J...-.I 

Mo 1,419 


2,426 
1,640 


1,401 
135 
457 


1,861 
6,866 
5,440 


693 


1,040 
2,460 


656 
639 
407 


728 


2,087 


1,273 


954 

624 

370 

1,014 


7,048 


1,626 
913 


306 


1,178 


1,414 
"6,666 


1,062 


2,946 
967 


336 

368 

644 

69 

2,194 

188 

83 

2,834 

918 

170 

1,994 

136 

1,051 

50 

123 

3,196 

1,541 

167 

237 

212 

1,446 

149 

1,299 

93 

2,856 

9,408 

7,680 

113 

683 

649 

2,519 

1,769 

934 

276 

1,069 

2,906 

70 

196 

1,131 

685 

370 

641 

134 

130 

690 

290 

917 

121 

2,197 

1,987 

1,608 

1,357 

44 

873 

1,854 

175 

41 

199 

514 

1,420 

816 

653 

1,180 

344 

624 

10,917 

403 

46 

2,368 

762 

2,628 

1,412 

206 

80 

126 

644 

177 

499 

690 

287 

1,430 

344 

1,465 

93 

6,688 

126 

1,186 

46 

89 

3,275 

1,991 


Place. 


County. 


Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash c. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabxsha c. 

Wabaunsee tp. 

Wabaunsee -p.h. 

Waccamaw  _ tp. 

Waccamaw- tp. 

Waccamaw  - tp. 

Waco tp. 

Waco p.T. 

Waco c. 

Waconia- p.tp. 

Waconia -p.T. 

Wacousta- p.tp. 

Wacouta....- p.tp. 

Wad  dams tp. 

Waddington tp. 

Waddington p.T. 

Wade tp. 

Wade tp. 

Wade pint. 

Wadena p.T. 

Wadena tp. 

Wadena p.T. 

Wadesborough tp. 

Wadesborough p.T. 

Wadesville p.y. 

Wadesville v. 

Wadesville h. 

Wadhams  Mills p.T. 

Wading  River p.y. 

Wadley p.v. 

Wadmalaw  Island.isl. 

Wadsworth p.h. 

Wadsworth p.T. 

Wadsworth- tp. 

Wadsworth p.T. 

Wagener- tp. 

Wagner tp. 

Wahalak p.T. 

Wahbay p.h. 

Wahee tp. 

Wahkonsai tp. 

Wahoo p.T. 

Wahpeton p.v. 

Wailesborough p.T. 

Wainscot v. 

Waite p.tp. 

Waitsburg p.v. 

Waitsfleld tp. 

Waitslield p.v. 

Wait's  River p.h. 

Wakarusa p.v. 

Wakarusa tp. 

Wakarusa p.h. 

Wa  Keeney p.v. 

Wakefield p.h. 

Wakefield p.tp. 

Wakefield tp. 

Wakefield p.tp 

Wakefield y. 

Wakefield p.T. 

Wake  Forest tp. 

WakeForestCollege.p.T, 

Wakeman tp. 

Wakeman p.T. 

Wakenda p.T. 

Wakeshma. tp. 

Walden tp. 

Walden p.T. 

Walden p.tp, 

Waldo tp. 

Waldo tp. 

Waldo p.h. 

Waldo tp. 

Waldo p.T. 

Waldo p.h. 

Waldo p.T. 

WaldolK)  rough tp. 

Waldoborough p.T. 

Waldorf p.h. 

Waldron p.T. 

Waldron p.T, 

Waldron p,T, 

Waldron tp. 

Waldron.-.. p.T. 


Fountain 

Gibson 

Jay 

Parke 

Tippecanoe 

Wabash 

Darko 

Wabasha 

Wabaunsee 

Wabaunsee 

Brunswick 

Columbus 

Georgetown.... 

Sedgwick 

York 

McLennan  

Carver 

Carver 

Humboldt 

Goodhue 

Stephenson 

St.  Lawrence... 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Aroostook 

Fayette 

Wadena 

Wadena 

Anson 

Anson 

Posey 

Schuylkill 

Wood 

Essex 

Suffolk 

Jefferson 

Charleston ..... 

Lake 

Washoe 

Medina 

Medina. 

Oconee 

Clayton 

Kemper. 

Day 

Marion 

Webster 

Saunders 

Richland 

Bartholomew., 

Suffolk 

Washington.... 
Walla  Walla.. 
Washington..., 
Washington,... 

Orange 

Elkhart 

Douglas 

Shawnee 

Trego 

Richland , 

Middlesex 

Steams , 

Carroll 

Westchester-. . 
Washington-.. 

Wake 

Wake 

Huron 

Huron 

Carroll , 

Kalamazoo 

Pope 

Orange 

Caledonia , 

Livingston 

Waldo , 

Webeter- 

Marion 

Marion 

Josephine-.... 
Sheboygan .... 

Lincoln 

Lincoln- 

Charles 

Scott 

Kankakee 

Shelby , 

Platte 

Platte 


SUte. 


Popalation. 


1870.      1880. 


Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  0 

N.C 

S.  C 

Kan  -.. 
Nob.-.., 

Tex 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Iowa.... 
Minn.. 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Iowa. .. 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
N.C-.. 

N.  C 

Ind 

Pa. 

W.Va.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.Y.... 

Ga 

S.  C 

Ill 

Nev .... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

S.  C 

Iowa... 
Miss  ... 

Dak 

S.C 

Iowa.... 

Neb.. 

Dak... 

Ind... 

N.  Y- 

Me.... 

Wash 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Ind... 


1,284 
448 
933 
781 

2,129 

2,881 
824 

1,739 
617 


452 


4,310 


3,008 
1,097 


1,359 

2,699 

710 


1,864 
78 


2,337 
480 


260 
3,826 


2,283 
949 

1,982 
988 


1,429 
4,016 


122 
107 
948 


Kan  -... 

Kan 

Kan  -... 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Minn  ... 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

R.  I 

N.C 

N.C. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Wis 

Me. 

Me 

Md 

Ark. — 

111 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 


2,401 


4,136 

613 

1,186 


3,136 
1,216 


1,401 


1,264 
992 

1,051 
648 


1,029 
247 


4,174 


162 


2,283 
560 
1,024 
753 
2,632 
S,800 

1.135 

2,088 

985 

65 

693 

908 

3,716 
710 
173 

7,295 

1,288 

218 

213 

88 

1,435 

2,608 
977 
750 

2,969 
131 
128 
430 
307 

3,327 
800 
101 
874 
37 
165 
397 
281 

2,291 

64 

661 

2,837 

1,219 

8,247 

997 

116 

97 

1,998 

3,586 

1,064 
400 
156 
100 
204 
248 
938 
200 
62 
377 

2,388 

63 

418 

38 

6,647 
848 

1,392 
478 
732 

3,809 
458 

1,450 
682 
149 

1,570 
323 

1,8(H 
931 

1,171 
663 
34 
997 
248 
71 
110 

3,758 
716 
60 
239 
363 
371 
840 
Ml 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


405 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Flmoe. 


...p.h. 
...p.v. 

,.p.h. 


Waldwlck tp. 

WaleB p.tp. 

Wales p:tp. 

Wales p.tp. 

Wales tp. 

Wales p.b 

Wales  Centre p.T. 

Walhalla..... 
Walhalla .... 
Walhonding 

Walker t 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker p.T. 

Walkeri ».tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker p.T, 

Walker p.tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walkers  Tille p.T. 

Walkerton p.T. 

Walkerville p.h. 

WalkerTllle t. 

Wall tp. 

Wall tp. 

Wallace tp. 

Wallace tp. 

Wallace p.T. 

Wallace p.T. 

Wallace p.T. 

Wallace p.tp. 

Wallaceburg p.h 

Wallace's  Switch  ...p.T. 

Wallaoeton p.b. 

Wallacevllle p.h 

Wallagrass pl'n. 

Walla  Walla c. 

Walled  Lake p.T. 

Wall  Hill p.h. 

Wallingford tp. 

Walliagford p.b. 

Wallingford p.h. 

Wallingford tp. 

Wallingford p.T. 

Wallkill tp. 

Wall  Lake tp. 

Wall  Lake p.T. 

Wall  Lake tp. 

Wallonia p.T. 

Wallpack tp. 

Wallsburg p.h. 

Wallsburg p.T. 

Wallula p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut p.T, 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut* tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut...., tp. 

Walnut .....tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut' tp. 

Walnut p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

W  alnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut* tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut* - tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 


County, 


Iowa 

Androscoggin,... 

Hampden 

St.  Clair 

Erie , 

Erie 

Erie , 

Pembina 

Oconee 

Coshocton.. 

Apache 

Hancock 

Jasper 

Bush 

Linn 

Anderson 

Ellis , 

Kent 

Henry 

Moniteau 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Centre 

Huntingdon 

Juniata ~..,. 

Frederick 

St.  Joseph 

Greene 

Deer  Lodge 

Ford 

Monmouth 

La  Salle 

Wallace 

Wallace , 

Buchanan 

Steuben 

Chester  _ 

Hempstead 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Venango 

Aroostook 

Walla  Walla,... 

Oakland , 

Marshall 

New  HaTen 

New  HaTen , 

Will 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Orange 

Sac 

Sac 

Wright 

Trigg... 

Sussex 

Brown 

Wasatch 

Walla  Walla,.,, 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Montgomery  ..„ 

Adair 

Appanoose 

Dallas 

Fremont 

Jefiferson 

Madison 

Montgomery,... 

Palo  Alto 

Polk 

Pottawattamie.. 

Wayne 

Atchison 

Barton 

Bourbon  

Brown 

Butler 

Cowley 

Crawford , 

Crawford 

Jewell 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Saline 

Adair„ 

Bates 


State. 


Wto 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y.„.. 

N.  Y 

Dakota. 

8.O.. 

Ohio 

Arizona 

111.... 

Ind... 

Ind.. 

Iowa 

Kan. 

Kan.. 

Mich. 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo.. 

Mo..., 

Pa.... 

Pa.,.. 

Pa,... 

Md.. 

Ind.. 

III.... 

Mon.. 

111.... 

N.  J., 

111-.. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Mo... 

N.Y. 

Pa.... 

Ark., 

Va-,. 

Pa.,., 

Pa.... 

Me... 

Wash... 

Mich.... 

Miss 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Vt 

Vt 

N.Y 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..,. 

Ky 

N.J 

Ohio 

Utah.... 
Wash ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan„... 
Kan..,,, 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan  _.„ 
Kan  -.,. 
Kan.... 

Kan 

Kan..,,, 

Kan 

Kan,.,,, 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


935 

556 

831 

1,358 

1,416 


716 


1,474 

281 

1,081 


891 
'i',675 
3,492 


1,356 

978 

1,608 


588 

2,671 

734 


746 


297 
1,394 


75 
3,676 


2,023 
'9,477 


199 
647 


1,187 
'i*,972 


1,449 
213 

778 
489 


1,199 
869 


674 
1,374 


289 
'84*9 
'568 


912 
495 


896 
505 

1,030 

1,820 

1,392 

63 

134 

67 

789 

70 

166 

1,612 
621 

1,292 
248 

1,135 
683 

1,876 

1,102 

4,564 
750 
200 

1,467 

1,002 

1,699 
160 
754 
87 
444 
745 

3,829 
800 
340 
173 
157 
170 
711 
31 
137 
196 
60 
431 

3,588 
131 
77 

4,686 

3,017 
40 

1,846 
672 
li;486 
462 
208 
422 
101 
575 
19 
198 
142 

1,377 
615 

2,188 
148 

1,910 
664 
585 

1,040 
637 

1,108 
863 
785 
264 
905 
733 

1,446 

1,333 
345 
688 

1,130 
641 

1,253 

1,244 
196 
666 
499 
379 
466 
691 

1,207 


Place. 


Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut  City p.h 

Walnut  Creek p.h, 

Walnut  Creek tp. 

Walnut  Creek tp. 

Walnut  Creek tp. 

Walnut  Creek p.tp. 

Walnut  GroTe p.T. 

Walnut  GroTe tpi 

Walnut  GroTe tp. 

Walnut  GroTe p.h. 

Walnut  GroTe tp. 

Walnut  Grove p.T, 

Walnut  GroTe tp. 

Walnut  Grove p.T, 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  GroTe tp. 

Walnut  Hill p.T, 

Walnut  Hill t. 

Walnut  Lake p.tp, 

Walnut  Ridge p.T. 

Walnut  Town t. 

Walnut  Tree p,h, 

Walpole p.T. 

Walpole  1 p.tp, 

Walpole p.tp. 

Walsenburg p.v, 

Walshville tp. 

Walsh  ville p.T, 

Walterborough p.T, 

Walthall p.T. 

Waltham tp. 

Waltham p.h, 

Waltham p.tp. 

Waltham p.tp. 

Waltham? tp. 

Waltham tp, 

Walton p.T, 

Walton tp. 

Walton p.T, 

Walton tp. 

Walton tp. 

Walton tp. 

Walton p.T, 

Walton tp, 

Walton tp, 

Walton tp. 

Walton p.T, 

Waltz p.tp. 

Waltz p.T. 

Walworth p.tp 

Walworth p.tp. 

Wamego „tp. 

Wampum p.b. 

Wanaminga p.tp, 

Wanatah p.T. 

Wang tp. 

Wantage tp. 

Wapakoneta p.T. 

Wapella tp, 

Wapella p.v. 

Wapello tp. 

Wapello p.T. 

Wappinger tp. 

Wapsinonoc tp. 

Waquoit p.T. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward p.T. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Wardensville p.T, 

Wardentown t. 

Wards tp, 

Wardsborough tp, 

Wardsborough p.T. 

Ward's  Grove tp, 

WardsTille _h. 

Ware tp. 

Ware p.T. 

Wareham p.tp. 

Warehouse  Point  „p.T, 

Warfleld p.h. 

Warfleldburg p.h. 


Coan^, 


Fairfield 

Gallia 

Pickaway- 

Appanoose 

Contra  Costa.... 

Mitchell 

Macon 

Edgecombe , 

Holmes 

Etowah 

Knox 

McDonough 

McDonough , 

Neosho , 

Redwood , 

Greene 

Greene , 

Granville , 

Wilkes 

Marion , 

Cumberland 

Faribault 

Lawrence  » 

Berks , 

Yell 

Hamilton , 

Norfolk 

Cheshire 

Huerfano 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Colleton 

Sumner- , 

La  Salle 

Tama 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Mower , 

Addison 

Cass 

Harvey 

HarTey 

Labette 

Bocks 

Sumner 

Boone 

Eaton , 

Washington 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Wabash 

Wayne , 

Wayne , 

Walworth 

Pottawatomie  .„ 

Lawrence 

Goodhue 

La  Porte 

RenTille , 

Sussex 

Auglaize 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Dutchess .,... 

Muscatine 

Barnstable 

Randolph 

Clarke 

Todd 

White  Pine 

Alleghany 

Hocking 

Tioga 

Edgefield. 

Hardy 

Westmoreland-. 

Aiken 

Windham ^.. 

Windham W.. 

Jo  Daviess 

Austin 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Plymouth 

Hartford 

Martin 

Carroll 


State. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Minn,,, 

Mo , 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ill 

Me 

Minn ,., 

Ark 

Pa 

Ark 

Ill 

Mass,,,, 
N.  H.„, 

Col , 

111 

Ill 

S.  0 

Misa 

Ill 

Iowa,.,. 

Me 

Maw..,, 
Minn,.. 

Vt 

Ind 

Kan-.., 
Kan-,., 

Kan 

KaD-.„ 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.,., 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Wis.-... 
Kan-.., 

Pa. 

Minn ... 

Ind 

Minn .. 
N.  J  -.. 
Ohio.... 

Ill- 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Iowa... 

N.Y 

Iowa.,., 
Mass..., 

Ind 

Iowa.,., 
Minn .. 

Nev , 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.C 

W.  Va.. 

Pa 

S.  C 

Vt 

Vt 

Ill 

Tex 

Mass...., 

Mass 

Mass..., 
Conn.... 

Ky 

Md 


t  In  1870,  part  to  Lincoln. 
■  lu  1870,  part  to  Summit 

406 


«  In  1878,  part  to  Webster. 
*  Since    1870,    area    much    re- 
duced. 


*  Since    1870,  area    much    re-      « Since  1870,  part  to  Norwood 
duced. ,  and  part  from  Sharon, 

'  In  1874,  part  to  Sargeant 


POPULATION  UD"  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PIac«. 


County. 


Warfordsbarg p.h. 

Waring tp. 

Warllcks tp. 

Warm!  nster p.tp. 

Warm  Springs p.tp, 

Warner...... tp. 

Warner p.T. 

Warner.. h. 

Warner- tp. 

Warnerville p.v. 

Warners  Tille t. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren.. h. 

Warren p.tp 

Warren tp. 

Warren ~..tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren- p.v. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren -tp. 

Warren- ..tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- „ p.h. 

Warren tp, 

Warren- ......tp. 

Warren- — tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren ....tp. 

Warren ....tp. 

Warren .-.p.v. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren ...p.tp. 

Warren- p.v. 

Warren tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren p.h. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- p.v. 

Warren.... ...tp. 

Warren. p.tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren- tp, 

Warren p.v, 

Warren- tp. 

Warren  1 tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.b 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warrensburg p.v. 

Warrensburg  ' tp, 

Warrensburg p.v. 

Warrensburg tp. 

Warrensburg.. .......p.T. 

Warrensburg p.v. 

Warrensville p.v, 

Warrensville p.tp. 

Warrenton p.  v. 

Warrenton p.v, 

Warrenton tp. 

Warrenton p.v, 

Warrenton p.h, 

Warrenton p,v, 

Warrenville p.h, 

Warrington p.v, 

Warrington- p.h. 

Warrington ...p.tp. 

Warrington tp. 

Warrior's  Mar]{....„tp. 

Warrior's  Mark p.v. 

Warrior  Stand p.v. 

Warsaw p.v. 

Warsaw c. 

Warsaw p.v. 

Warsaw tp. 

Warsaw tp. 

Warsaw .p.v. 


Fulton 

Kess 

Cleveland- 

Bucks 

Madison 

Merriuiac 

Merrimac- 

Washington 

Clark 

Schoharie 

Guilford 

Bradley 

Litchfield 

Henderson 

Jo  Daviess 

Lake 

Clinton 

Huntington 

Huntington 

Kariou 

Putnam  

St.  Joseph- 

Warren 

Bremer -.. 

Carroll 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Lucas 

Poweshiek 

Story 

Wayne 

Morris 

Knox 

Knox 

Baltimore 

Worcester - 

Worcester 

Macomb 

Midland...... 

Marshall 

Winona 

Camden 

Marion 

Marion.- 

Grafton 

Grafton  - 

Somerset 

Herkimer- 

Belmont 

Jefferson 

Trumbull- 

Trumbull 

Tuscarawas.- 

Washington- 

Bradford 

Franklin 

Warren 

Bristol „. 

Colleton 

Washington 

Washington 

St.  Croix 

Waushara- 

Macon 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Warren- 

Warren 

Greene „ 

Du  Page 

Cuyahoga- 

Warren- 

Warreu 

Warren 

Warren  - 

Fayette - 

Fauquier 

Windham- 

Escambia 

Hancock 

Bucks 

York 

Huntingdon- 

Huntingdon- 

Macon 

Hancock 

Kosciusko- 

Gallatin 

Goodhue 

Bice 

Bice 


SUt«. 


Pa. 

Kan-.. 
N.  C.„.. 

Pa 

N.  C... 
N.  H... 
N.H.., 
Ohio.... 

Wis 

N.  Y„,. 
N.C..... 

Ark 

Conn.., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,, 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa,,, 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass... 
Mass... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H.. 
N.  H... 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

B.  L-.. 
S.  0...., 

Vt 

vt 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Tenn  . 

Ill , 

Ohio.... 

Ga 

Mo 

N.  0.... 
N.C.-. 
Tex  _.., 

Va 

Conn.. 
Fla...., 
Ind..... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Ala..... 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Ky 

Minn . 
Minn . 
Minn. 


Population. 


1870.   1880. 


1,507 
840 
498 

1,667 


673 


1,786 

1,235 

1,692 

951 


2,291 
1,087 

760 
1,208 

927 


799 


963 
1,137 


614 
'i',974 


317 
2,625 


1,938 


819 

472 

2,425 


960 


2,706 
1,503 
4,099 
1,637 
4,605 
3,457 

822 
1,604 
1,421 

606 
2,014 
3,008 
1,631 
1,008 


467 
632 


4,804 
2,946 
1,679 


1,429 
620 
588 

2,886 
941 


1,266 


949 
1,726 
1,209 


3,683 
2,206 
715 
1,027 
1,000 


56 

282 

1,859 

1,061 

1,169 

1,637 

373 

64 

436 

263 

615 

301 

639 

46 

1,897 

1,137 

1,843 

1,164 

503 

3,107 

1,075 

771 

1,273 

1,044 

419 

1,238 

32 

944 

1,073 

463 

1,703 

603 

2,166 

396 

678 

3,889 

1,520 

2,401 

300 

108 

1,006 

690 

2,531 

73 

786 

278 

1,204 

1,430 

4,531 

1,923 

6,553 

4,428 

869 

1,903 

1,336 

627 

2,810 

4,007 

1,877 

951 

273 

746 

660 

285 

6,778 

4,049 

1,725 

748 

114 

204 

1,409 

1,022 

299 

3,616 

816 

46 

1,464 

65 

1,186 

95 

959 

1,826 

1,238 

206 

146 

3,106 

3,123 

666 

1,148 

1,018 

122 


Place. 


Warsaw p.v. 

Warsaw tp. 

Warsaw ...p.v. 

Warsaw tp. 

Warsaw p.v. 

Warsaw p.v. 

Warsaw v. 

Warsaw p.tp, 

Wai-gaw p.v. 

Wartbnrg p.v. 

Wartrace  Depot p.v. 

Warwick p.v. 

Warwick « tp. 

Warwick p.v. 

Warwick tp. 

Warwick  „ p.v. 

Warwick- tp. 

Warwick- tp. 

Warwick „ p.tp, 

Warwick -...tp. 

Warwick  - v. 

Warwick  - p.tp, 

Waseca p.v. 

Wa.sepi - p.v. 

Washburn p.v. 

Washburn p.h. 

Washburn p.tp. 

Washburn p.v. 

Washburn tp. 

Washburn p.v. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington* tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington c. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington.. p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ..tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 


County. 


Benton 

Wyoming-... 

Wyoming 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Coshocton 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Bichmond 

Morgan 

Bedford 

Cecil 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Orange 

Orange 

Tuscarawas  .- 

Bucks 

Chester 

Lancaster  -... 
Lancaster-... 

Kent 

Waseca 

St.  Joseph-... 

Woodford 

Black  Hawk- 

Aroostook 

Barry 

Clark  

Grant 

Hempstead... 

Alameda 

Calaveras 

Nevada- 

Nevada 

Sonoma 

Yolo 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Washington.. 

Wilkes 

Idaho 

Carroll 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Will 

Adams ^.. 

Allen 

Blackford-.., 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Dearborn-.... 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Gibson 

Grant 

Greene 

Haniilton 

Harrison 

Hendricks.... 

Jackson- 

Knox -... 

Kosciusko-.., 

Marion 

Miami 

Mouroe  - 

Morgan , 

Newton- 

Noble 

Owen 

Parke 

Pike 

Porter 

Putnam 

Bandolpb  -... 

Bipley 

Bush 

Shelby 

SUrke 

Tippecanoe... 

Warren  - 

Washington- 
Wayne 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Mo 

N.  Y„. 

N.  Y- 
N,C„ 
N.C- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Va.... 
Tenn. 
Tenn. 
Md.... 
Mass. 
Mass. 
N.Y- 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio- 
Pa..... 
Pa„... 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
B.I... 
Minn.... 
Mich.. 
III-.... 
Iowa., 

Me 

Mo 

Wis.-, 
Wis... 
Ark.-. 
CaL.... 

Cal 

Cal...., 
Cal..,., 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn., 
Conn.. 
D.  C... 

Ga 

Idaho. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Ind..,. 
Ind.... 
Ind..,. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..,. 
lud..., 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.,.. 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind..,. 
Ind..,. 
Ind..,. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 


3,143 
1,631 
1,3«2 


1,122 


320 
769 


5,736 
938 

1^7 
776 

1,266 

3,345 


10,463 
651 


272 


3,019 

""es's 


648 

809 

1,563 


109,199 
1,506 


603 
3,466 
1,607 
1,664 
1,846 
1,628 
1,008 
1,391 
2,187 

920 
1,220 
1,367 
1,867 
1,134 
4,956 
2,901 

610 
4,591 
1,190 
1,391 

757 
1,139 

640 
3,590 
1,176 
1,502 

960 
1,537 
2,288 
2,439 
1,306 

990 
3,161 

983 

766 
2,647 
1,213 
2,363 

647 
1,843 
2,051 
1,206 
1,148 
1^90 

646 
1,376 
1,261 
4,172 
2,040 


616 

3,227 

1,910 

1,904 

182 

277 

148 

1,414 

116 

159 

468 

324 

713 

266 

6,699 

1,043 

1^26 

722 

1,267 

4,038 

226 

12,164 

1,708 

100 

450 

24 

809 

217 

153 

146 

730 

4,692 

642 

627 

195 

643 

1,166 

1,690 

241 

147,293 

2,199 

470 

660 

3,205 

1,397 

1,906 

3,159 

1,615 

1,273 

1,352 

2,836 

1,194 

1,644 

l,37e 

1,796 

1,228 

7,496 

4,323 

499 

6,182 

1,402 

1,406 

1,406 

1,351 

1,484 

4,068 

1,282 

1,602 

1,001 

1,661 

2,482 

2,399 

1,465 

1,081 

3,996 

1,106 

773 

3,138 

1,504 

2,970 

766 

1,835 

2,339 

1,112 

1,189 

1,707 

730 

1,626 

1,308 

4,249 

2,019 


1  lb  1877,  part  of  Union  annexed. 


•  In  1870,  part  to  Centreview. 


•  In  1874,  part  of  Fremont  annexwL 
407 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


^lace. 


Washington t. 

Washiagton tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  1 tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington* tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  * tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  * ~tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ^..tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

AVashington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington ....p.v. 

Washington pl'n 

Washington ~..tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington p.tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  * tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  • tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington .........  tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  ^ tp. 

Washington  ...i.....tp. 

Washington  8 tp. 

Washington .tp. 


County. 


Wayne 

Whitley- 

Adair 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Black  Hawk 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena  Vista , 

Butler 

Cairoll , 

Cass 

Chickasaw 

Clarke 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Des  Moines 

Dubuque 

Oreeue 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Linn 

Lucas 

Marion 

Marshall 

Montgomery 

Page c 

Plymouth , 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie..., 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold.. 

Shelby 

Story 

Taylor 

Van  Buren 

Wapello , 

Warren 

Washington 

Washington , 

Wayne 

Webster , 

Winneshiek 

Anderson , 

Brown 

Chautauqua 

Crawford , 

Doniphan 

Jackson 

Jewell 

Memaha 

Bepublio 

Bice 

Saline 

Wabaunsee 

Washington , 

Washington 

Mason. 

St.  Landry 

Franklin 

Knox 

Knox 

Berkshire 

Gratiot 

Macomb 

Sanilac 

Le  Sueur 

Buchanan , 

Cedar , 

Clarke 

Clay , 

Dallas 

Daviess , 

De  Kalb , 

Douglas.. 

Franklin 

Greene „. 

Grundy , 

Harrison , 


State. 


Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Kan.... 
Kan... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan .... 
Kan  «., 
Kan .... 
Kan... 
Kan ... 
Kan  -., 
Kan_. 
Kan..., 
Kan«.. 
Kan„.. 
Kan.... 

Ky 

La. 

Me ..... 

Me 

Me , 

Mass... 
Mich.., 
Mich- 
Mich... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


379 
1,246 

495 

635 
1,873 

548 
3,239 
4,204 


402 


594 
995 

'"ie's 

1,081 

963 

1,411 


619 

1,051 

498 

933 

860 

1,467 

1,076 

1,483 

753 

1,285 

806 

426 

606 


640 


618 


1,666 

401 

1,036 

1,596 

3,379 

4,043 

2,676 

693 

766 

1,460; 

4271 


696 
2,613 


1,238 


240 

907 

62 

1,276 


694 

551 
2,057 

370 

359 
3,042 

978 
1,316 
2,609 
1,470 

810 
2.029 

213 
6,614 


1,014 
469 


314 

1,479 

708 

1,028 

1,816 

605 

3,171 

4,878 

396 

766 

646 

681 

1,199 

768 

935 

401- 

780 

1,087 

973 

1,654 

624 

693 

601 

921 

1,365 

999 

721 

2,006 

931 

1,586 

1,181 

i.an 

980 

760 

880 

350 

84 

979 

624 

810 

817 

606 

2,313 

903 

769 

1,764 

4,110 

4,078 

2,949 

900 

950 

1,509 

625 

970 

804 

1,282 

1,866 

723 

644 

461 

748 

786 

371 

678 

1,836 

676 

653 

1,194 

32 

1,249 

120 

493 

1,144 

2,031 

952 

409 

3,390 

1,136 

1,389 

1,212 

1,645 

945 

2,238 

480 

2,421 

1,094 

616 

776 


Place. 


Washington  » tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  tp. 

Washington  W. tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  H tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  IS tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wa.shington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.b. 

Waahington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington _..p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wasliiugton tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wasliington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tpk 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington h. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington „tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  i* tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 


County. 


Jackson- 

Johnson 

Laclede- 

Lafayette 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Kodaway 

Osage , 

Pettis 

Bipley 

St.  Clair 

Stone 

Vernon 

Webster 

Sullivan 

Bergen 

Burlington... 
Gloucester.... 

Mercer 

Middlesex .... 

Morris 

Warren  - 

Warron 

Dutchess 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Guilford 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Brown 

Carroll 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana... 

Coshocton 

Barke 

Defiance 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Guernsey-.... 
Guernsey-.... 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison , 

Henry 

Highland-.... 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Licking- 

Logan 

Lucas 

Mercer , 

Miami 

Monroe- 

Montgomery 

Morrow , 

Muskingum- 
Paulding 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Richland 

Richland 

Sandusky-... 

Scioto 

Shelby 

Stark- 

Tuscarawas.-. 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Wood 

Armstrong.... 

Berks 

Butler , 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Erie 

Fayette 

Franklin - 

Greene , 

Indiana- 

Jefferson 

Lawrence-..., 

Lehigh 

Lycoming 


State. 


Mo , 

Mo  ..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo;...., 
Mo .... 
Mo.... 
Mo ...., 
Mo  .... 
Mo .... 

Mo 

N.  H.. 
N.  J„. 
N.J... 
N.  J.-. 
N.J-. 
N.  J.„. 
N.  J  ... 
N.  J.-. 
N.  J.... 
N.  Y-. 
N.  C-., 
N.C._. 
N.  C-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio... 
Oliio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,305 
2,992 


2,633 

808 

1,612 

1,058 

1,691 

1,763 

680 

699 

606 


1,438 
839 

2,614 
609 


1,294 


2,484 
4,040 
1,880 
2,792 
3,304 
2,094 

823 

840 
1,367 
1,082 

740 
2,818 
1,250 
2,228 

768 
1,637 
1,016 
2,117 
1,334 

712 

654 
1,579 

883 
1,098 
1,141 

972 
1,534 
1,285 
1,133 
1,446 
1,252 

812 
1,549 
1,148 
1,306 
1,720 
1,758 

916 
1,242 

967 

996 
3,414 
1,496 


2,282 
1,086 
1,092 

i,r 

1,113 

819 
2,241 
1,229 
1,321 
1,180 
1,609 

996 
1,904 
1,240 
1,256 
1,943 
1,066 
2,364 

765 
1,466 
1,124 

612 
2,464 
1,122 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced.  '  In  1876,  part  to  Agency. 

»  In  1872,  part  to  Grant  •  In  1871,  including  village  of 

»  In  1871,  part  to  Colfax.  Kearney. 

*  In  1870,  part  to  Henry.  »  In  1873,  part  to  St.  John's. 

408 


« In  1872,  part  to  Harrison, 
s  In  1872,  part  to  Brooking. 
10  In  1871,  part  to  Jefferson. 


"Since   1870,    part   to   Qntm 

Ridge. 
«  In  1871,  part  to  DoyaL 
w  In  1878,  part  to  Portage 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED, 


Place. 


Wuhington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.b. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

WashiufctOQ tp. 

Wasliiiigton tp. 

Wagliiugton p.v. 

Waaliington p.T. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington i>.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wnsliington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wiishiugton  Bor'gh  p.b. 
Washington  Heigh  ts.p.T 
Washington  Lftke.-tp. 
Washington  Mills. .p.li. 
Washington  Square.r. 
Washingtonville  ...v. 
Wasliingtonville  ...p.T. 
Washiiigtonvilie  ...p.b. 

Washoe  City p.h. 

Wasioja P-tp. 

Wassaic p.v. 

Watab p.tp. 

Wataga p.v. 

Watauga tp. 

Waterborough tp. 

Waterborough p.v. 

Waterbury tp. 

Waterbury.« c. 

Waterbnry tp. 

Waterbnry tp. 

Waterbury p.v. 

Waterbnry  C«ntre..p.v. 

Wateree tp. 

Waterford p.h. 

Waterford p.tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.h. 

Waterford p.tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.v. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford v. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.v. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.v. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.b. 

Waterford v. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.h. 

Waterford p.v. 

Waterford p.tp. 

Waterford  Mill8...-p.v. 

Waterloo  „ ~ p.v. 

Waterloo.-™. ....p.v. 

Waterlooi.- p.v. 

Waterloo  .„ tp. 

Waterloo.- p.h. 

Waterloo- tp. 

Waterloo* tp. 

Waterloo x. 

Waterloo* tp. 

Waterloo  _ tp. 

Waterloo p.v. 

Waterloo  _ h. 

Waterloo— p.v. 

Waterloo- h. 

Waterloo- tp. 

Waterloo— p.v. 

Waterloo tp. 

Waterloo  - v. 

Waterloo p.h. 

Waterloo p.h. 

Waterloo _v. 

Waterloo  - p.tp. 

Waterloo- tp. 

Waterloo- tp. 


County. 


Northampton 

Northumberland. 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Washington 

Westmoreliuid .... 

Wyoming 

York 

Edgefield 

Bhea 

Washington 

Orange 

Orange 

Rappahannock  ... 

Door 

£au  Claire 

Green 

La  Crosse- 

Sauk 

Shawano 

Lancaster 

Cook 

Sibley 

Dubuque 

Queens 

Westchester- 

Mahoning 

Montour 

Washoe 

Dodge 

Dutchess 

Benton - 

Knox 

Watauga 

York - 

York 

New  Haven 

New  Haven— 

Redwood 

Washington 

Washington 

Washington- 

Kershaw 

Stanislaus 

New  London 

Fulton 

Clinton 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Dakota. 

Camden 

Camden 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Washington 

Washington 

Krie 

Erie 

Providence 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Loudoun 

Racine „ 

Elkhart...- 

Lauderdale 

Monroe 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Allamakee 

Black  Hawk 

Black  Hawk 

Lyon 

Jackson- 

Jackson 

Clarke 

Douglas- 

Merrimac 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Athens.- 

Fairfield 

Lawrence 

Juniata 

Venango 

Laurens 

Grant- 

Jefiieraon........^.. 


State. 


Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

8.0 

Tenn.... 
Utah.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y — 

Ohio 

Pa 

Nev 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 

Ill 

N.  C. 

Me 

Me 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Minn ... 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

8.  0 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

N.  J 

N.  J. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Ind 

AU 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Mich,... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.C 

Wis 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


801 
1,313 
1,641 
3,571 
1,416 

793 
1,444 
1,025 

223 


1,113 


384 
627 
901 
870 
1,042 
71 
673 


172 

652 

1,134 


68 

1,205 

666 

1,548 


13,106 
10,826 


2,633 


3,657 


2,482 

464 

1,160 

1,286 


1,362 
331 


2,071 

'3,631 
3,071 
2,046 


1,884 
790 


419 
1,680 


1,537 

1,259 

671 


747 
4,796 
4,337 

667 
1,229 


4,469 

4,086 

1,696 

86 


2,158 

951 

1,818 


1,920 

811 

1,352 

1,725 

4,292 

1,604 

766 

1,457 

1,674 

126 

483 

922 

151 

254 

427 

964 

882 

1,008 

1,175 

809 

700 

l,0:i5 

880 

55 

128 

206 

958 

203 

91 

875 

228 

131 

734 

959 

1,482 

185 

20,270 

17,806 

54 

2,297 

756 

254 

4,999 

63 

2,701 

666 

1,278 

1,161 

82 

1,324 

424 

104 

2,149 

331 

4,328 

1,822 

2,128 

110 

1,822 

784 

440 

816 

92 

478 

1,451 

148 

196 

1,802 

1,376 

672 

75 

858 

2,983 

6,630 

884 

1,268 

196 

64 

164 

90 

4,399 

3,803 

1,967 

262 

49 

66 

185 

4,018 

1,029 

1,768 


Place. 


Waterloo p.v. 

Waterman   p.v. 

Waterman tp. 

Waterman  Station  .p.v. 

Water  Mill p.v. 

Water  Proof. p.v. 

Watersonville v. 

Water  Street p.h. 

Watertown p.tp. 

Watertown.- p.v. 

Watertown p.v. 

Watertown  - p.tp, 

Watertown  - tp. 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown p.tp, 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown p.v. 

Watertown  - c. 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown  • tp. 

Watertown p.v. 

Watertown c. 

Watertown tp. 

Water  Valley p.v. 

Water  Valley.- p.v. 

Water  Village p.h. 

Waterville p.h. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville p.v. 

Waterville  * tp. 

Waterville p.v. 

Waterville p.v. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville p.v. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville p.v, 

Waterville p.h. 

Waterville p.tp, 

Waterville tp. 

Watervliet tp. 

Watervllet p.v. 

Watervliet tp. 

Wathena p.v, 

Watkins p.v, 

Watkins tp. 

Watkins p.v. 

Watkins p.h. 

Watkinsville p.v. 

Watopa tp. 

Watrous p.v. 

WatrouBville p.v, 

Watseka p.v. 

Watson tp. 

Watson p.v. 

Watson p.tp, 

Watson p.h. 

Watson p.v. 

Watson p.tp. 

Watson tp. 

Watson tp. 

Watsontown p.b. 

Watsonville p.v. 

Watterstown -tp. 

Watts tp. 

Wattsburg p.b. 

Watts  Flats. p.v. 

WattsvUle p.h. 

Wattsville p.h. 

Waubeck- p.tp 

Waubekee v. 

Waucoma p.v. 

Wauconda tp. 

Wauconda p.v. 

Waughton v. 

Waukau p.v. 

Waukechon p.tp. 

Waukee p.v, 

Waukegan tp. 

Waukegan.- o. 

Waukesha ....tp. 

Waukesha p.v. 

Waukon p.v, 

Waukon tp, 

Wauniandee* tp, 

Waumandee p.h. 

Waunakee p.v, 

Waupaca p.v, 

Waupaca -tp, 

Waupeoong- ...p.v, 


County. 


Jefferson 

Parke 

O'Brien 

De  Kalb 

Snffolk 

Tensas 

Armstrong 

Huntingdon 

Litchfield 

Codington 

Rock  Island 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Sanilac 

Tuscola 

Carver 

Carver , 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Washington , 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Jeffiprson , 

Graves 

Yaiabusha 

Carroll 

Allamakee 

Marshall 

Marshall , 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Worcester. 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Grafton , 

Lucas 

Lucas , 

Lycoming , 

Lamoille , 

Pepin , 

Berrien 

Berrien- 

Albany 

Doniphan 

Benton.- , 

Dent 

Schuyler 

Union 

Oconee 

Wabasha 

Mora 

Tuscola 

Iroquois 

Effingham 

Effingham , 

Allegan 

Chippewa- , 

Atchison 

Lewis 

Lycoming 

Warren 

Northumberland, 

Santa  Cruz 

Grant 

Perry , 

Erie 

Chautauqua 

Carroll 

Accomack 

Pepin 

07.aukee 

Fayette 

Lake - 

Lake 

Forsyth 

Winnebago.- 

Shawano 

Dallas 

Lake 

Lake.- 

Waukesha. 

Waukesha 

Allamakee. 

Polk w.. 

UuCTalo-. 

Buffalo 

Dane 

Waupaca- 

WaupcMa— ........ 

Miami,,.... 


State. 


Wis 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

N.Y 

La 

Pa 

Pa 

Conn..., 

Dak 

Ill 

Mass. ... 
Mich... 
Jlich... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
Minn .. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Wis  „.. 

Wis 

Ky 

Miss 

N.  H... 
Iowa..,. 
Kan  -,. 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mass.,, 
Minn ,. 
Minn  „ 
N.  H„„ 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio,.,. 

Pa 

Vt , 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.,.. 
N.  Y-,., 
Kan-,, 
Iowa..,, 

Mo 

N.  Y-.., 
Ohio...., 

Ga 

Minn .. 
N.  Mex, 
Mich.., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich..., 
Minn .., 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Cal , 

Wis...... 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Va. 

Wis. 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  0 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis-,,, 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Minn.,, 
Wis.-.,. 
Wis  -,„ 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 


Popolation. 


1870,      1880. 


727 


4,326 

1,297 

49 

684 

1,241 


9,336 
1,373 
1,456 


7,550 
2.222 


1,684 
'^862 


798 


33 
1,609 


678 

836 

1,674 


1,096 
2,839 


643 
460 


1,661 
1,066 


1,220 


76 

1,146 

280 


1,181 

1,161 

680 

785 

28« 


360 

"i.iaj 


316 


6,014 
4,607 
8,877 


1,188 


719 

100 

145 

291 

173 

818 

144 

60 

1,897 

746 

168 

6,426 

1,680 

600 

1,098 

1,032 

316 

10,697 

1,264 

1,894 

177 

7,883 

1,961 

100 

2,220 

43 

73 

2,094 

615 

4,672 

1,917 

473 

826 

498 

64 

1,926 

382 

65 

647 

1,197 

1,897 

179 

22,220 

710 

194 

1,673 

2,716 

69 

S60 

637 

100 

244 

1,607 

1,002 

190 

1,414 

60 

213 

1,470 

316 

268 

1,481 

1,799 

695 

461 

889 

243 

26 

88 

197 

260 

225 

1,046 

298 

311 

292 

645 

245 

4,491 

4,012 

4,613 

2,969 

i,a6» 

14S 
960 

66 
279 

Ml 
140 


To  1870,  including  the  city  of 
Waterloo. 

27 


<  In  1872,  part  to  Reading, 

*  In  1877,  part  of  Union  annexed. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  West  Water*     *  In  1872,  part  to  Lincoln, 
ville, 

409 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILI  \GES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETUENS   OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


Wauponsee tp. 

Waupun c. 

Waupun tp. 

Wausan c. 

AVausau tp. 

WauseoD p.  v. 

Wautoma. tp. 

Wautoma p.  v. 

Wauwatosa. p.tp 

Wauzeka tp. 

Wauzeka p.v. 

Waveland p.v. 

Waveland tp. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly P-tp. 

Waverly tp. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly  1 tp. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.b. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.h. 

Waverly  Mills p.v. 

Waverly  Station....  p.v. 

Wawaka p.v. 

Wawarsing p.tp, 

Wawayauda tp. 

Waxahacbie p.v. 

Waxhaw p.tp, 

Way  Cross p.v. 

Waylaud p.v. 

Wayland p.tp. 

Wayland tp. 

Wayland p.v. 

Wayland tp. 

Waylaud p.h. 

Wayland tp. 

Wayland  Depot p.v- 

Wayland  Springs. ..p.  v. 

Waymansville p.h. 

Waymart :..p.b. 

Wayne p.tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne* tp. 

Wayne* tp. 

Wayne p.tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne„ tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne- tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.v. 

Wayne* tp, 

Wayne„ p.v, 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne h. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.v. 

Wayne... tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne.......... tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp, 

Wayne tp, 

Wayne... tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne.. tp. 


County. 


Onindy 

Fond  du  Lac.... 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Fulton 

Waushara 

Waushara 

Milwaukee 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Montgomery.... 
Pottawattamie . 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Bremer 

Union.. 

Baltimore 

Middlesex 

Van  Buren 

Martin 

Lafayette 

Lincoln  

Lancaster 

Cattaraugus 

Tioga 

Pike 

Lackawanna.... 

Hunipliiey 

Walker 

Wright 

Sussex 

Noble 

Ulster 

Oraugf 

Ellis 

Lancaster. 

Ware 

Henry 

Middlesex , 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Chariton 

Clarke , 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Lawrence 

Bartholomew.., 

Wayne 

Du  Page 

Allen 

Bartholomew.., 

Fulton 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Huntington 

Jay 

Kosciusko 

Marion 

Montgomery .. 

Noble 

Owen 

Bandolpb 

Starke 

Tippecanoe 

Wayne 

Henry 

Jones... 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Doniphan 

Edwards 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Cass 

Wayne 

Bollinger 

Buchanan 

Passaic 

Passaic 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Adams 

Ashtabula. 

Auglaize 

BeLmont 

Butler 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana  ~.. 


State. 


Ill 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis. 

Wis 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky....... 

Md 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880 


Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Tex 

Minn ... 

Va 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Tex 

8.C 

Ga 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Tenn.... 

Ind 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J...... 

N.  J...... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 


720 
1,935 
2,161 
l^.'MQ 
1,797 
1,474 

801 


3,689 
923 


2,291 


1,234 
253 
887 

1,339 


2,239 

1,202 

353 

207 


252 
8,151 
1,900 


960 


1,240 

1,963 

585 

674 


2,653 


55 

667 

1,019 

1,742 

1,836 

1,131 

1,398 

3,318 

804 

1,526 

3,664 

3,738 

1,418 

1,236 

1,333 

3,220 

606 

1,801 

13,179 

1,258 

1,178 

305 

655 

2,070 


938 


833 

630 

803 

1,621 


891 


1,169 
817 
1,011 
1,700 
1,694 
1,729 
1,690 
1,267 
766 


779 

2,353 

1,232 

4,277 

1,061 

1,905 

708 

295 

6,088 

1,055 

2:iO 

592 

776 

1,124 

127 

2,345 

179 

3,790 

316 

1,185 

84 

930 

1,228 

132 

366 

2,767 

1,539 

329 

610 

92 

124 

176 

360 

8,547 

1,879 

1,354 

1,541 

628 

171 

1,962 

1,942 

646 

917 

64 

2,591 

605 

124 

82 

603 

1,091 

2,100 

1,943 

1,282 

1,639 

3,251 

903 

3,094 

4,777 

4,772 

1,7U9 

3,526 

1,288 

4,370 

797 

1,323 

17,113 

1,311 

1,178 

495 

627 

1,961 

235 

950 

220 

995 

919 

701 

1,111 

1,757 

92 

827 

260 

1,125 

835 

1,288 

1,719 

1,728 

1,631 

2,164 

1,448 

848 


Place. 


Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne„ tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.tp. 

Wayne  City p.h. 

Way  neabo  rough p.v. 

Way  neabo  rough p.v. 

Waynesliorough p.b. 

Way  uesborough p.v. 

Waynes  borough p.  v. 

Waynesburg p.v. 

Waynesburg p.h. 

Waynesburg h. 

Waynesburg p.v. 

Waynesburg v. 

Waynesburg p.b. 

Wayncsfleld. p.v. 

Waynesfield tp. 

Wayne  Station h. 

Wayne.sville tp. 

Waynesville p.v. 

Waynesville p.h. 

Waynesville tp. 

Waynesville p.v. 

Waynesville p.v. 

Waynetown p.v. 

Waynmanville p.v. 

Wayzata p.v. 

Wea p.tp, 

Wea tp. 

Weare tp. 

Weare tp. 

Weare p.v. 

Weatherford c. 

Weatherly p.b. 

Weathersfleld tp. 

Weathersfleld p.tp, 

Weaver.. tp. 

Weaver p.h. 

Weaver's  Station. ..p.h. 

Weaverville p.tp, 

Weaverville p.v. 

Webb tp. 

Webb  City p.v. 

Webb  City p.v. 

Webber tp. 

Webberville p.v. 

Weber tp. 

Webster p.v. 

Webster tp, 

Webster h. 

Webster tp, 

Webster p.v. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.h. 

Webster tp. 

Webster tp. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.h. 

Webster p.tp, 

Webster pint. 

Webster p.tp. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.tp. 

Webster p.tp, 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v, 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v, 

Webster v. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v. 


County. 


Darke 

Fayette- 

Jefferson 

Kuox 

Monroe.- 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Pickaway , 

Tuscarawas 

Warren 

Wayne 

Armstrong , 

Clinton -... 

Crawford 

Dauphin 

Erie , 

Greene 

Lawrence , 

Mifflin 

SchuylkiU 

Lafayette , 

Washington 

Wayne , 

Burke 

Wayne 

Franklin , 

Wayne , 

Augusta , 

Decatur , 

Lincoln 

Crawford 

Stark 

Chester 

Greene 

Auglaize 

Lucas 

Clinton , 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Pulaski 

Haywood.- 

Haywood.- , 

Warren  _ 

Montgomery... 

Upson 

Hennepin 

Tippecanoe 

Miami 

Oceana 

Hillsborough., 
Hillsborough.., 

Parker 

Carbon 

Trumbull 

Windsor 

Humboldt 

Wabasha 

Darke 

Trinity 

Buncombe 

BeynoldB 

Franklin 

Jasper 

Lake 

Ingham 

Jefferson 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Kosciusko 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hamilton 

Keokuk 

Madison 

Polk 

Webster 

Breckenridge.. 
Androscoggin.. 

Penobscot 

Worcester 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Merrimac -,.... 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Scioto 

Wood , 


State. 


Westmoreland Pa 


Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Wis.... 
Wis.-. 

Ill 

Ga 

Miss... 

Pa 

Tenn. 

Va 

Ind.,,, 

Ky 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pu 

Pa. 

Ohio- 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  C- 
N.C.-, 
Ohio... 
Ind.... 

Ga. 

Minn , 
Ind.... 
Kan-, 
Mich.. 
N.  H.., 
N.  H„, 
Tex..., 

Pa 

Ohio.., 

Vt 

Iowa., 
Minn., 
Ohio.., 

Cal 

N.  0..., 

Mo 

Ark-., 

Mo 

Mich., 
Mich., 

lU 

Ill 

Ind,... 
Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Ky.... 
Me .... 
Me 


Mich.. 
Minn  . 
N.H... 
N.  Y„. 
N.Y-. 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-.. 


^1  In  1872,  put  to  Nineveh. 
410 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Union. 


«  Since  1870,  part  to  Webster. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Dowaciiao. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


;ENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Webater p.v. 

Webster tp. 

Webster  aty p.T. 

Wedgefleld p.T. 

Wedroa p.h. 

Weeiluisn p.h. 

Weeds  port p.T. 

Weeba  wken p.tp. 

Weekstown Ji . 

Weeping  Water...„p.T. 

Weeaaw tp. 

Weigblstown p.h. 

Weimar ....p.T. 

Welmer tp. 

Weir. p.T. 

Welsenbnrg p.tp, 

Weiasport p.b. 

Welaka ....p.T. 

Welch ^ — tp. 

Welch tp. 

Welch's  Creek tp. 

Welchv  llle ~ p.T, 

Weld _tp. 

Weld p.T. 

WeldersTiUe h. 

Weldon p.T. 

Weldon p.tp. 

Weldon tp. 

Weldon p.T. 

Weldon  Spring p.h. 

Wellborn p.T, 

Weller tp. 

Wellersburg p.b. 

Wellfleet „p.tp, 

Wellford p.T. 

Wellington c. 

Wellington tp. 

Wellington p.tp. 

Wellington p.tp, 

Wellinglon p.T. 

Wellington tp. 

Wellington p.T. 

Wellington p.h. 

Wellington tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.Q). 

Wells tp. 

Wells. p.T, 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.T 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.T. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.T. 

Wells tp. 

Wellsborongh p.T. 

Wei  I  Bborongb p.b. 

Wellsbnrg p.T. 

Wellsburg t. 

Wellsbnrg p.T. 

Wells  RiTer p.T. 

Wells  Tannery p.h, 

WellBton .p.T. 

Wellsville. p.T. 

Wellsville p.T. 

Wellsville tp. 

Wellsville p.T. 

Wellsville p.T. 

Wellsville p.T. 

Wellsville p.T. 

Welsh  Run p.h. 

Wellon _tp. 

Wei  ton p.h. 

Wendell p.tp, 

Wendell  Depot p.T. 

Wenham p.tp. 


Wenona. 

Wenonah...^ 

Wentworth». 

Wontworth,. 

Wentworth«. 

Wentzville... 

Wergeland .....tp, 

Werner „ p.T. 

Wertsville p.h. 

WescosTille ,,.,p.T. 


....p.T. 
....p.T. 
....p.tp, 
...-tp. 

~..p.T. 
-p.T. 


Stete, 


Taylor 

Vernon- 

Hamilton 

Sumter 

La  Salle 

McLean 

Cayuga- 

Hudson 

Atlantic 

Cass 

Berrien 

York 

Colorado 

Jackson 

Cherokee.- 

Lehigh „.. 

Carbon , 

Putnam- 

Goodhue 

Cape  Girardeau 

Columbus 

Oxford 

Frauklin 

Franklin 

Henderson 

De  Witt 

Benzie 

Halifax  ...- 

Halifax 

St.  Charles. 

Suwanee 

Henry 

Somerset 

Barnstable 

Spartanburg.... 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Piscataquis 

Renville 

Lafayette 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Millard 

Monroe 

Appanoose 

Marshall 

York _... 

Tuscola 

Faribault.- 

Rice 

Elko 

Hamilton- , 

Hamilton- 

Jefferson 

Bradford 

Fulton 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Monroe- 

La  Porte......... 

Tioga 

Chemung.- , 

Erie 

Brooke...- 

Orange - 

Fulton 

Jackson 

Franklin 

Montgomery. 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Columbiana, 

York 

Cache 

Franklin 

Clinton 

Clinton.- 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Essex 

Marshall 

Gloucester ',.... 

Grafton 

Bockingliam. 

Rockingham 

St.  Charles 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Juneau 

Hunterdon......... 

Lehigh 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


W,Va, 
Wis.... 

Iowa.... 

8.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y..... 

N.J 

N.J...... 

Neb.-... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Tex ...... 

Minn ... 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Fla 

Minn... 

Mo 

N.  0 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  0. 

N.C.„... 

Mo 

Fla 

Ill 

Pa 

Mass,,.. 

S.  C 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Utah.... 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Kan.~... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

NeT 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Ind 

Pa. 

N.  Y — 

Pa 

W.  Va- 

Vt, 

Pa- 

Ohio 

Kan 

Mo. 

N,  Y 

N,Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Utah. ... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.,,, 
Mass .... 
Mase-... 
Mass-... 

HI 

N.  J 

N.H.... 

N.  0 

N.  0 

Mo 

Minn ... 

Wis. 

N.  J 

Pa. 


812 
1^9 


1^8 

697 


1,243 


1,644 
369 


3.38 
689 
818 


1,130 


74 

2,674 

208 


1,560 

290 

2,135 


1,891 
1,281 


602 
953 


2,773 
194 


1,153 


817 


1,414 

1,207 

589 

483 


1,465 
642 


1,366 


8,781 
2,034 
2,313 


886 


956 


639 


985 
879 


971 
1,767 


267 

1,060 

1,848 

197 

40 

14 

1,411 

1,102 

68 

317 

1,369 

79 

626 

459 

376 

1,627 
388 
216 
928 
674 

1,177 
200 

1,040 

208 

41 

147 

94 

3,129 

932 

43 

134 

1,509 
226 

1,876 
302 

2,694 
725' 
647 
335 
378 

2,384 

1,811 
88 

1,060 
915 
668 

2,450 
440 
661 

1,100 
243 

1,113 
227 

1,406 

1,148 
614 
665 
217 
6.58 
101 

2,228 
6.34 
256 

1,816 
513 
83 
952 
143 
867 

4,269 

2,049 

3,377 
121 

1,193 
62 
889 
79 
465 
103 
889 
911 
166 
939 

2,488 
242 
643 
216 
254 
41 
134 


Place. 


County. 


Wesley ...tp, 

Wesley ^, 

Wesley— p.tp. 

Wesley tp. 

Wesson p.T. 

West - tp. 

West tp. 

West tp. 

Westi tp. 

West tp. 

West* tp. 

West  Abington-....p.T. 

West  Acton -p.v. 

West  Albany tp. 

West  Albany.- p.T. 

West  Albany- t. 

West  Alden p.h. 

West  Alexander. ...p.b. 
West  Alexandria...p.T. 

West  Almond _tp. 

West  Almond- p.h. 

We.st  Amboy p.T. 

West  Amwell* tp. 

West  Andover. p.h. 

West  Arctic t. 

West  Baltimore p.h. 

West  Bangor -p.T. 

West  Bangor.- p.T. 

West  Bank tp. 

West  Bamet p.h. 

West  Bath tp. 

West  Bay  City  < c. 

West  Bear  RiTer... tp. 

West  Beaver tp. 

West  Bedford -p.T. 

West  Belleville p.T, 

West  Bellevue b. 

West  Bend -tp. 

West  Bend- ....v. 

West  Bend.- h. 

West  Bend p.T. 

West  Bend tp. 

West  Berkshire p.T, 

West  Bethlehem...T. 
West  Bethlehem... tp. 
West  Bloomfield...tp. . 
West  Bloonifleld...tp. 
West  Bloomfleld...p.v, 
West  Blue  Mound. p. v. 

West  BoltOD „.p.T. 

Westborough p.tp. 

Westborough p.v. 

Westborough p.tp. 

West  Boxford p.v. 

West  Boylston p.tp. 

West  Bradford tp. 

West  Branch p.v. 

West  Branch.- tp. 

West  Branch tp. 

West  Branch— p.T, 

West  Branch.- t. 

West  Branch.- p.tp. 

West  Brandy  wine.  tp. 
West  Brattleboro'..p.T, 
West  Bridgewater.p.tp. 

Weetbrook p.tp. 

Westbrook' p.tp. 

Weetbrook- p.tp. 

Westbrook tp. 

West  Brookfield„„p.tp. 
West  Brown8ville..p.b. 
West  Brunswick  ...tp. 

West  Buffalo tp. 

West  Buffalo h. 

West  Burke p.v. 

West  Burlington., .p.T. 
West  Burlington. ..tp. 
West  Burlington...p.h. 

Westbury tp. 

Westbury p.T. 

West  Cain tp. 

West  Carlisle p.T. 

West  Carthage t. 

West  Cascade -t. 

West  Cassadaga,— h. 
West  Catasauqua—T. 
West  Charleston  ...p.T. 
West  Charleston... p.T. 

West  Chatham p.T. 

West  Chazy ....p.T. 


Will - 

Kossuth 

Washington 

Washington — 

Copiah 

Effingham 

McLean- 

Marshall 

Montgomery ... 
Columbiana...., 
Huntingdon-... 

Plymouth 

Middlesex- 

Wabasha 

Albany , 

Orleans 

Erie 

Washington-.. 

Preble 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Oswego 

Hunterdon 

Merrimac 

Kent 

Montgomery... 

Franklin 

York 

Swift 

Caledonia 

Sagadahoc 

Bay 

Yuba 

Snyder 

Coshocton- 

St.  Clair ;... 

Alleghany 

Palo  Alto 

Androscoggin- 
Yadkin 

Washington-.. 
Washington-.. 

Franklin 

Lehigh 

Washington-.. 

Oakland 

Ontario....- 

Ontario 

Iowa 

Chittenden 

Worcester 

Clinton 

Taylor 

Essex 

Worcester 

Chester-. 

Cedar 

Sioux 

Missaukee 

Ogemaw 

Delaware.- 

Potter 

Chester. 

Windham 

Plymouth 

Middlesex 

Cumberland-.. 
Cottonwood—, 

Sampson 

Worcester- 

Washington-.. 

Schuylkill. 

Union 

Fayette- „ 

Caledonia  - 

Otsego 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Buchanan- 

Cayuga- 

Chester,- 

Coshocton-...., 

Jefferson 

Dubuque 

Chautauijua-.. 

LohiKh 

Miami 

Orleans 

Barnstable 

Clinton 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


111 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Ohio-... 

Miss 

Ill , 

111 

Ind 

lowa..- 
Ohlo-.., 

Pa 

Mass ... 
Mass... 
Minn ,. 
N.  Y.... 

Vt 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  J 

N.  H-.. 

B.I 

Ohio-,, 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Minn .. 

Vt 

Me 

Mich- 

Cal 

Pa 

Ohio,.,. 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa..~ 

Me...., 

N.C_. 

Wis... 

Wis... 

Vt , 

Pa...... 

Pa 

Mich. 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y- 
Wis... 

Vt 

Mass.. 

Ohio- 

Wis... 

Mass. 

Mass.... 

Pa..... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Mich.. 

Mich. 

Pa..... 

Pa.... 

Pa 

Vt— , 

Mass.,,, 

Conn.... 

Me.... 

Minn 

N.  0.. 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

W.Va-. 

Vt. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa. 

Iowa .». 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Iowa..., 
N.  Y-... 

Pa. 

Ohio..... 

Vt. 

Mass.... 
N.  Y — 


924 

'""336 

1,460 

464 

859 

941 

1,489 

432 

1,985 

1,367 


793 


455 

799 


4,872 


373 


407 
1,131 


232 


1,068 
956 


1,964 
1,143 
1,651 


8,601 


2,862 
1,536 


302 
933 


1,803 

987 

6,683 


1,449 
1,842 
547 
1,163 
1,046 


896 


619 


1,398 


743 

643 

245 

1,482 

1,707 

1,047 

1,244 

1,770 

974 

2,050 
763 
347 
391 
829 
367 
177 
52 
395 
796 
803 
53 
109 

1,039 

80 

388 

78 

113 

197 

205 

91 

319 

6,397 
371 

1,366 
136 

2,721 

326 

307 

139 

77 

1,273 
860 
193 

1,414 

2423 

1,096 

1,713 
317 
127 
165 

6,214 
228 
230 
316 

2,994 

1,620 
601 
420 
6S 
139 
121 
374 
874 
359 

1,665 
878 

3,981 
196 

2,027 

1,917 
671 

1,358 

1,208 
32 
818 
107 
916 
57 
620 
137 

1,276 
164 
807 
893 
94 
660 
128 
324 
198 
407 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Walnut. 

•  In  1871,  part  to  Deering. 


>  In  1878,  part  to  Logan.  *  In  1870,  including  LambertTille. 


*  Incorporated  in  1877. 
411 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  BETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


WMt  Chdiiisford._pJi. 

Wwt  Ch«ir7 tp. 

W«atcfaflater..........tp. 

WMt  Cheatwr pJi. 

WealchflM8r..........p.tp. 

W««t  Charter p.T. 

Weatch««ter........^T. 

Weat  CbeMer ..p.b. 

West  Che«terfield-.p.h. 

Wert  Cleveland p.r. 

West  Clifton t. 

Wert  Cocalico tfn 

W««t  Colombia. p.T. 

Wert  Concord — ._p.T. 
Wert  Conshohocken.b. 

Wert  Corinth p.h. 

Wert  GurnwaU p.T. 

Wert  OoTington. — r. 

Wert  CnA .^>.tp. 

Wert  Creek p.T. 

Wert  Danby. p>.T. 

Wert  DanTiU«..„.4tJi. 

Weat  Day _^ pth. 

Wert  Deoorah. t. 

Wert  I>aer-...__tp. 

Wert  Deanla..... p.T. 

Wert  I>^>ei«...._.>p.T. 

Wert  D^tford tp. 

Wart  Doiiegal ^tp. 

Wert  DoTT.. hnd. 

Wart  Dndley ...p.T. 

Wert  Dorbam p.h. 

Wert  BarL p.tp. 

Wert  Edmeaton p.T. 

Wart  Eliiabetb p.b. 

Wart  Elk  atj h. 

Wert  Elkton p.T. 

Wart  Snd t. 

Wert  Bnd t. 

Weaterhaim ......  _tp. 

Waaterlo.^.. -p.tp. 

Waaterly p.tpi 

Western*.. .•»M«..»..tp. 

Waatem «». p.tp. 

Waatem.. ....... ....„tp. 

Waatem  CQneg«....p.T. 

Waatem  Moand tp. 

Wertem  Port  _...._p.T. 
Waatem  Prong...-.t|>. 
Waatem  8fnagi..„p.r. 

Waatem  Star t. 

Waatem  Star p.h. 

WeateraTUle....™..p.T. 
WeeterTille....._^_p.T. 
Wert  Exeter  ...._p.T. 

Wert  nOrlee _tp. 

Wert  FUrlaa....»..p.T. 

Wert  lUrriaw p.-w. 

Weat&U tp. 

Wart  IUlowfleld._tpL 
Wart  IUlowfleld.-tpL 

Wast  Fklnoadi p.T. 

Wert  VBniilngtoB-]>.T. 

WeatfleU .tpL 

Waatfield .tp. 

Weatfield jlt. 

Waatfield r» 

Waatfield tp. 

Wi*fi«M  .,,,, h. 

Waatfield......  ....—.piqi. 

Waatfield .— _p.tpt 

WeatfiehL.... p.tpL 

Weatfleld™.....-  __tp. 

Weatfield  i p.tp. 

WeBtfleldL~_......tpL 

Weatfield.... p.T. 


P-tp. 


Coanty. 


Kent 

Worccater........ 

An  drosooggio..-. 
Lancaater-...^-.. 

Otaego  — 

Allegfaany. ......... 

Clarion........  ...„. 

Preble 

Fulton 

Fair&x_ 

Lyon-. .._ 

Albany 

Washingtoa-.— ^ 

Henry _. 

Otter  Tail 

Oneida.... 

Linn....— 

Maoonpin. 

Alleghany.^.-— 
Oolomboa  _...—. 

Cook >.. 

Medina. 

Summit .—..-. 

Oneida... ..._....» 

Franklin 

Otaego — .. 

Orange.....__-. 

Orange 

Cumberland  ._.- 

Pike 

CheatAr 

Crawford— »__—. 
Bamatible-..— 
TmmbolL-..— ... 
Bnn'ii  .1.  ...-_ 
Clark_...»_>. 

m^A  ..., ...., 

HamQtaa._._.. 
Tayrtte    ,  ,  , 

Vayatto—-... 

Plymiotttk- 

Hampdan 

Dodge. 

TI"*""  ,,.,. 

Chantanqna 

Chautanqwa 

Bichmond....— .. 
SnrTy_...~_.  _.„. 

Ifedina 

Morrow- —.. 

MorroiT— .-.  -_ 

Tioga  ■ .,    .. 

Tioga ...-..- 

Ori«Bwm— ■— .— 
Orif  wa      ...-..-. 

Margoetta 

Marquette-..— 

Sank 

Sank 

WaahingtoB .— . 
Windham-...—.. 


State. 


Conn. 


Populatioa. 


1870.       1880. 


1,364 


8,140 


MM 


S,384 
4.70» 
1,878 


741 


C104 
1,741 


MO     8,M« 


Place. 


Waatfo»d-.». p,tp> 

Waatlbrd..... -.ptl 

Weatfbrd-.-. tp. 

'WmmttnrA       p» 

Waatlbrd. -.tp. 

Weetford p.T, 

Weatford.....— tp. 

Weatford-. -.p.tp. 

Weetford  Centre.-.p.T. 

Wert  Fork tp. 

Wert  Forte tp. 

Wert  Fork tp. 

Wert  Fork  of  Ivy  -tp 

Wert  Franklin .pJk. 

Wart  Franklin tp. 

Wart  Fraadom.-.-.p.T, 

Wert  Galena tp. 

Wert  Gardiner p.tp. 

Wert  Garland p.T. 

Wart  Girard t. 

Wert  Giisrdrille.-T. 
Wert  Gluncei!t«r..-p.h. 

Weat  GloTer pA. 

Wert  Goahen tp. 

Wart  GouldaU>ron«li.pv 

Wert  Grafton t. 

Wert  GranTille p.T. 

W.GranTiUeCoraeri.ph 
Wert  Great  Worka.p.T. 
W«rt  Green  wich-..tp. 

Wart  Groton p.T. 

Wert  GroTa p.tp. 

Wert  GroTe.....-.-4>. 

Wert  Halilhx -^ 

Wart  Hambniy t. 

Wasthampton p.tp. 

^eathampton  * tp. 

Waathaapton p.v 

Wert  HanoTer p.tp. 

Wart  Hartford p.tpL 

Wert  HaTen .pj>. 

Wart  HaTen -.-p.tp. 

Wert  Haslehnist-.T. 

Wart  Haaleton t. 

Wart  Habroa  .„...-p.T. 

Wart  Hemlock tpi 

Wart  Hampfield tp. 

Wart  HaoBiker p.T. 

Wart  Henrietta p.T. 

Wart  Heron  Lake-tp. 

Wert  Hickory -pLh. 

Wert  HilL h. 

Wert  Hoboken p.tp. 

Wert  Houtfdale t. 

Wert  Indiaiia b. 

Wertlalip t. 

Wert  JamJca. h. 

Wart  Jefferaon h. 

Wert  Jersey tp. 

Wert  Jersey pth. 

Wert  Kaaaas  aty..T. 

Wert  Keating tp. 

Wert  Kewaunee tpt 

Wert  Kingrton p.T. 

Wert  La&yetta p.T. 

Wert  L«mpeter. tp. 

Wert  Lancaster p.T. 

Wastland _tp. 

Waatland tp. 

Wert  Las  Animas— p.T. 

Wert  Latrobe t. 

Wert  Lebanon ......p.T. 

Wert  Lrt«non 4>.h. 

Wart  Lebanon-.-- p.T. 
Wert  Labanon__.p.T. 

Wart  LaiMnon .p.T. 

Wert  Leesport.. 
WartLeyden-. 
Wert  Uberty... 
Wart  Liberty-. 
Wert  LOter^-. 

Wert  Liberty .p.T. 

Wert  liberty Jil 

Wert  lAerty .pJi. 

Wert  Liberty .p.T. 

Wert  Uma...— — .pJL 

Wert  Lincoln tp. 

Wert  Uno(dn -p.T. 

WestUne. ^. 

Wert  Iiine...»_ p.T. 

West  Longmeadow.T. 


.p.T. 
.p.T. 


.p.T. 

.p.T. 


Coiraty. 


Middlesex 

Martin—-.- 

Otaego 

Otsego -,,... 

Chittenden...— 

fh^t*J^ll<^^m 

Dodge....— 

Bichland  ...„.-..- 

Middlesex-. 

Franklin 

Monona-...— _..- 

Woodbury 

Madiaoo.— — 
Poaey— -.... 

Armgtmwg    

Clarion — 

Jo  DaTieas.-.— 

Kennebec- 

Penobacot—..— 
Erie—.—..  -  .— 

Schuylkill 

Eswei 

Oriaans  — ....  „.... 
Cheater-.  -.— _.  _ . 
Hancock.—...  — 
Taylor . — 

Hampii^i^         

Washington— 

Penobaoot. 

Kent 

Middleaex — 

Daria 

Cheater 

Windbaa— . 

Berks. 

Hampshire-.—.. 
BorlingtoB-.— 

Suffolk 

Dauphin.....-..-. 

Hartford 

Kew  Haren  — .-. 

Butland 

CopUh 

Lnaeme.— — 

Waiiiing:toa_ 

Montoor  — 
lancaater— .— 
Merrimac— .— 
Monroe  —.-.—.. 
Jackson—..— 

Foreat. 

Cumberland— .. 
Hudson .— — .. 

Clearfield — 

Indiana 

Suflblk 

'Windham- _.. 

Williama— 

Stark 

Stark—.— 

Wyandotte.—.. 

Clinton 

Kewaunee....—.. 

Wartiington. 

Cosh 

Lancaster—. 
Fayette -_. 
Gnerasqr-.-. 


Bent...— 

Westmoralaad 
VTarrsn— .-.- 

York. 

Grafton -.- 

Wayne, 
In 

Berks 

Lewis. ...— -  -..- 

Jay 

Muscatine..— 

Morgan 

Lcean — -. 

Alleghany.— 

Batlar 

Ohio 


State. 


Population. 


Mian-. 

K.T. 

K.T. 

Vt— 

Vt.- 

Wfa ,' 

Maaa— 

Iowa- 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 

N.  C 

Ind— 


IU-. 
Ma.. 

Pa _* 

Pa-. 

Maai 
Vt.. 

Pa 

Me.. 
W.  VaJ 


N.T-. 
Me.— ^ 
B.L— 


Iowa.. 

Vt 

Pa 

Maaa— 
K.J  — 
N.Y— 

Pa 

Conn... 
Cona- 

Vt 

Mias.- 

Pa- 

K.T— 

Pa 

Pa 

K.H— 
K.Y— 
Mian- 

Pa 

Pa 

N.J 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y— 

Vt 

Ohio 

HI 

HI 

Kaa  — 

Pa 

Wis 

B-L..-. 
Ohio 

ftL. »■— » 

Ohio — 
Ohio — 

Ohio 

Col  -.... 

Pa- 

lad 

Me. 

K.H 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.  Y 

Ind 

Ivnra 

Ky...... 

Ohio 


W.  Ta. 
Wia — 

III 

Tt 

Mina-. 
Mo 


1870.      1880. 


1,803 

801 
64 


746 
1VM4 


Mi 


M» 


187 

1,633 
TU 


SM 


4ASS 


1,316 


1.760 


8A4T 
186 

1,271 
13» 

1433 
174 

1,008 

1,008 
87S 
61S 
181 
886 

on 

88 

14» 
815 

«,837 
•TT 
870 
136 
181 
71 
43 

143s 
238 
641 

67 
883 

1,018 

276 

1400 

aeo 

96 
148 
66S 

716 
437 

408 
83* 
'  191 
906 
306 

100 

130 
96 
40 
41 

388 

um 

388 

76 

91 

1,907 

94 

3,900 

873 

1,338 

134 

2ao 

110 
9» 
lAiOl  1.076 
454 
ISO 


T6 
616 
146 
UO 
SM 
181 

SO 

1441 

886 

716 

886 


142^ 

74r 


951 


86 

MM 
888 

188 


'  Snoe  1870,  parts  to  Cranford  and  Fanwood. 


412 


*  In  1879,  part  to  Eastfaamptoa. 


POPDLATIOX  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Plao*. 


West  Louiayille.~-p.Ii. 

WestMahanoy tp. 

West  Mahoning  i...tp. 

West  Manche3ter._p.v. 

West  Manche8ter...tp. 

We^t  Maulieini tp. 

We6t  Mansfield p.r. 

West  Marietta v. 

West  Marlborougli.tp. 

West  Maitinsburg.T. 

West  Merideii v. 

West  Miami  City  ...v. 

West  Middleburg...p.T. 

West  Middlesex p.b. 

West  Middletown...p.b. 

West  Milan p.h. 

West  Milford p.tp. 

West  Mill  GroTe...p.T. 

West  MillTille p. v. 

West  Milton .^p.Y. 

West  Milton p.h. 

West  Milton ....v. 

Westminster p.tp. 

Westminster tp. 

Westminster p.y. 

Westminster ....p.tp, 

Westminster p.y. 

Westminster p.y. 

Westminster ....tp. 

Westminster ~..p.v. 

Westminster  We8t.p.h. 

West  Mitchell p.y. 

West  Monroe -p.tp. 

West  Monterey.-...p.y. 

Westmore p.tp. 

Westmoreland p.tp. 

Westmoreland tp. 

Westmoreland p.y. 

Westmoreland v. 

West  Morgantown.h. 

West  Myerstown...y, 

West  Nanticoke....p.y. 

West  Natitmeal...„tp. 

West  NewBrighton.p.y. 
,  West  Newbury.. ..-p.tp. 

WestNewPortland.y. 

West  Newton p.y. 

West  Newton* p.tp. 

West  Newton- h. 

';  Weet  Newton p.b. 

,  West  Nottingham.tp. 

■  West  Olive ......p-h. 

,  Weston p.tp. 

.  Weston -.p.y. 

;  Weston p.y. 

.  Weston ....p.y. 

Weston p.y. 

,  Weston -..p.tp. 

•  WestoQ — p.tp. 

Weston — p.y. 

Weston* -tp. 

Weston — p.y. 

Weston -..-....p.h. 

Weston — p.y. 

Weston — tp. 

Weston — p.y. 

•Weston „ c. 

•Weston p.y. 

Weston p.tp. 

Weston p.y. 

Weston.....— tp. 

,  Weston - p.tp. 

Weston -..tp. 

West  Oneonta. p.y. 

West  Orange h. 

West  Orange -..tp. 

West  Paris- -..p.y. 

West  Pmbody y. 

West  Pscnliar. tp. 

West  Fenn -P-tp. 

West  Pennsborough.tp. 

West  Perry-. .......tp. 

Westphalia „tp. 

Westphalia _p.li. 

Westphalia- —p.tp. 

Westphalia p.y. 

West  PhcBoix h. 

West  Pikeland p.tp. 

West  Pike  Run  *...tp. 

WestPitteton b. 

West  Plains. -..p.y. 


Ooanty. 


Dariess 

Schuylkill 

Indiana. 

Preble 

York 

York - 

Logan 

Lancaster 

Chester 

Blair 

New  Haven 

Montgomery 

Logau 

Mercer 

Washington 

Coos , 

Passaic...... • 

Wood 

Clarion , 

Saratoga 

Union 

Rock 

Los  Angeles 

Reno - 

Carroll 

Worcester- 

Allen.- 

Oconee 

Windham- , 

Windham- „ 

Windham  - 

Mitchell 

Oswego 

Clarion 

Orleans 

Cheshire 

Oneida 

Oneida , 

Westmoreland-. 

Monongalia. 

Lebanon 

Luzerne 

Chester 

Richmond- 

Essex - 

Somerset , 

Marion -...., 

Nicollet- 

Allen - 

Westmoreland- 
Chester -..., 

Ottawa 

Fairfield 

Webster , 

McLean -. 

Pottawattamie- 
Crittenden 

Aroostook- 

Middlesex- 

Lenawee 

Platte- , 

Platte 

Saunders -.. 

Schuyler 

Wood 

Wood- 

Umatilla 

Collin- - 

Windsor- 

Lewis 

Clark - 

Dunn -...., 

Marathon.- 

Otsego 

Franklin -.. 

Essex 

Oxford 

Essex.- 

Cass 

Schuylkill , 

Cumberland 

Snyder...- 

Shelby -. 

Shelby - 

Clinton- 

Osage 

Onondaga. , 

Chester 

Washington-.... 

Luzerne- , 

Howell , 


sut«. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Ky 

92 

4,494 

1,170 
229 

2,476 

1,194 
333 
500 

1,146 
167 

2,132 
311 
272 
918 
312 
66 

2,591 
222 
290 
241 
42 
372 
961 
222 

2,507 

1,652 
225 
162 

1,377 

232 

75 

307 

1,314 
207 
480 

1,095 

2,744 
403 
627 
61 
168 
315 

1,027 

2,276 

1,989 

405 

250 

680 

99 

1,475 
864 
33 
918 
176 
191 
102 
162 
417 

1,448 
193 

2,156 

1,329 
63 
167 

2,351 
698 
446 
166 
987 

1,516 
530 
506 
968 
165 
67 

3,385 
198 
600 
776 

2,215 

2,161 

749 

697 

65 

1,738 

207 

68 

1,006 
886 

2,644 
361 

Pa 

Pa- 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Ohio 

"l,82'4 
1,U7 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

1,189 

Conn..- 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  H 

888 
346 

N.  J 

Ohio...- 
Pa. 

2,660 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Wis.-... 
Cal 

Kan  _... 

Md 

Mass.... 
Ohio 

'"a^aio 

1,770 

S.C 

Vt. 

Vt 

"T,"238 

Vt 

N.  Y..-. 
Pa 

1,301 

Vt 

N.  H„.- 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

412 
1,266 
2,952 

Pa 

W.Ya„. 



Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  Y-... 
Mass.-. 
Me 

1,070 
"'2^006 

Ind 

Minn  .- 
Ohio-.- 

703 

Pa 

Pa- 

Mich.... 

992 
879 

Conn.... 

Ga 

IlL 

1,054 
66 

Iowa.... 
Ky 

Me 

Mass..- 
Mich.... 

394 
1,261 

Mo. 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y. 

2,453 
1,614 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Oregon. 
Tex. — 

Vt 

W.  Va.- 
Wis.-... 
Wis...... 

WiB....- 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

1,833 

931 

sob 

339 
265 

N.  J  -... 
Me 

2,106 

Mass..- 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

lowa..- 
lowa..- 
Micb..„ 

Mo 

N.  Y 

i,98b 

2,180 

68S 

"*i*499 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Mo 

1,201 

1,252 

1,416 

130 

PUce. 


West  Point- p.y. 

West  Point p.y. 

West  Point p.y. 

West  Point- tp. 

West  Point- p.y. 

West  Point tp. 

West  Point- tp. 

West  Point tp. 

West  Point p.y. 

West  Point p. v. 

West  Point- p.y. 

West  Point tp. 

West  Point- p.h. 

West  Point- p.y. 

West  Point- p.y. 

West  Point- h. 

West  Point- h. 

West  Point p.y. 

West  Point p.tp. 

Westport tp. 

Westport- p.y. 

Westport p.y, 

Westport  _ tp. 

Westport. p.y 

Westport- p.tp. 

Westport p.tp, 

Westport tp. 

Westport. tp. 

Westport- p.y. 

Westport. p.y. 

Westport- tp. 

Westport- p.y. 

Westport p.T. 

Westport- tp. 

Weet  Porterville...v. 
WestPortMonmouth.h. 
West  Providence... tp. 

West  Randolph p.y. 

West  Reading y. 

West  Richfield p.y. 

West  River- tp. 

West  Rumney p.h. 

West  Rupert p.y. 

West  Rushville-.-p.y. 

West  Rutlaud p.y. 

West  Sadsbury tp. 

West  Saginaw h. 

West  Saint  CIair...tp. 
West  Saint  Paul  ...tp. 
West  Salamanca....p.y. 

West  Salem p.y. 

West  Salem y. 

West  Salem tp. 


....p.y. 
....p.y, 
....p.y. 
.-.p.tp. 
....y. 
..-tp. 
.p.y. 


West  Salem. 
West  Sandlake.. 
West  Sandwich. 

West  Seneca 

West  Shamokin 
West  Sheuango. 

West  Shoals 

West  Side tp. 

West  Side p.y. 

West  Side p.tp. 

West's  Mills -..p.y. 

West  Sonora. p.y. 

West  Sparta tp. 

West  Springfield. ..p.tp. 
West  Springfield  ...V. 
West's  Station  (We8t).y. 

West  Stafford p.y. 

West  Stockbridge..p.tp 
West  Stoughton....v. 

West  Stratford p.b. 

West  Summit- y. 

West  Swan7^y p.y. 

West  Sweden -p.tp. 

West  Topsham p.y. 

West  Town v. 

West  Town p.y, 

Westtown p.tp, 

West  TownBend....p.y. 

West  Troy p.y. 

West  Turin tp. 

West  Union p.h. 

West  Union tp. 

West  Union p.y. 

West  Union tp. 

West  Union p.tp. 

West  Union p.tp. 

West  Union p.y. 

West  Union -..y. 


Coonty. 


Calayeras-. , 

Troup 

Hancock 

Stephenson....... 

Tippecanoe 

White 

Butler 

Lee 

Lee 

Hardin 

Clay  

Bates 

Bates 

Cuming 

Orange 

Morrow 

San  Pete 

King  William-.. 

Columbia. 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Decatur 

Dickinson- - 

Oldham 

Lincoln- 

Bristol 

Pope 

Jackson- 

.lackson- -... 

Cheshire 

Essex - 

Essex 

Clinton.- 

Dane.; - 

Morgan- 

Monmouth -. 

Bedford- 

Orange 

Berks 

Summit- 

Randolph -., 

Grafton 

Bennington 

Fairfield 

Rutland 

Chester 

Saginaw.- 

Bedford 

Dakota 

Cattaraugns 

Edwards. 

Wayne 

Mercer 

La  Crosse-. 

Rensselaer 

Barnstable 

Erie 

Northumberland 

Crawford 

Martin 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Nobles , 

Franklin 

Preble 

Livingston 

Hampden 

Clark -... 

Holmes 

Tolland 

Berkshire -. 

Norfolk 

Stratford , 

Union 

Cheshire 

Polk 

Orange 

Barnstable 

Orange - 

Cliester.- 

Middlesex 

Albany.- 

Lewis 

Clark 

Fayette 

Fayette - 

Norton 

Todd 

Steuben. , 

Adams -..-.-. 

Oconee < 


8ut«. 


Cal 

0*. 

IlL 

in 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Miss-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Utah.-. 

Va 

WU .-. 
Conn.. 
Conn.. 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.. 
Minn  „. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H.. 
N.  Y_. 
N.  Y-. 
Pa—.. 
Wis.... 
Utah... 
N.J.-. 

Pa 

Vt. 

Pa...- 
Ohio... 
Ind..... 
N.  H„. 

Vt 

Ohio-... 

Vt 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa, 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Mass.-. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa.-, 
lowa..- 
Minn-. 

Me. 

Ohio 

N.  Y..... 
Mass.— 

Ohio 

Miss 

Conn.-. 
Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Conn.... 
N.  J.-... 
N.  U  ..„ 

Wis 

Vt 

Mass..— 
N.  Y.-. 

Pa. 

Mass.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.„ 

111 

Iowa.  .- 
Iowa..,, 

Kan 

Minn  ,- 

N.  Y 

Ohio— 
8.  C 


Popolatlon. 


1870.      1880. 


1,406 
2^60! 


611 
320 
1,894 
794 
206 


620 


940 
8,361 


2,724 

238 

2,146 

1,096 


1,577 
T,689 

"oto 


1,612 
"'l86 


1,103 


713 
2,082 


.3,196 
"367 


1,244 
2,606 


1,924 


818 


10,693 
2,111 


2,032 
1,48»| 


307 

1,264 

486 


17J 

1,972 
173 

2,744 
207 
836 
800 

1,840 
704 
441 

1,786 

777 

71 

1,009 

1,131 

87 

37 

567 

852 

3,477 
127 
212 
63 
219 
612 

2,894 
291 

2,677 
960 
120 

1,737 
364 
248 

1,987 

134 

96 

1,179 

1,069 
170 
827 

1,651 

52 

158 

212 

2,379 
693 
95 
951 
489 
469 
315 
878 

2,071 
432 
185 
283 

3,463 
223 
277 
174 

1,591 
446 
839 
106 
139 

1,167 

4,149 
245 
200 
129 

l,9-.'3 
388 

2,017 
468 
430 
1T3 
146 
268 
175 
848 
629 

8,820 

2,006 
65 

2,448 

1,661 
684 
407 

1,271 
626 
193 


i  In  1870,  including  Smicksburg.  >  In  1871,  put  to  Bidgely.  *  In  1876,  part  to  rair. 


«  In  1870  inclnding  Beiaimila. 
413 


POPULATION   OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS   OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


CSoanty. 


West  Union .p.T. 

WeBt  Unity p.T. 

West  Vienna p.v. 

Westville p.v. 

Westville p.T. 

WeetTille tp. 

WeetTille p.li, 

Westville ...p.T. 

Westville h. 

West  Vincent p.tp. 

West  Waterford v. 

West  Waterville  ...tp. 
West  Waterville  ...p.T. 
West  Waterville  ...h. 
West  Wlieatfield...tp. 

West  Wheeling v. 

West  Wheeling v. 

West  Whiteland....p.tp. 

West  Windsor tp. 

West  Windsor tp. 

West  Wlnfleld p.v. 

Westwood p.h. 

West  wood p.v, 

Westwood T. 

West  Woodstock  ...p.v. 
West  Wrentham....p.T. 
West  Yarmouth.... p.v. 

Wetheredville p.T. 

Wethersfieldi p.tp. 

Wethersfield tp. 

Wethersfleld p.T. 

Wethersfield p.tp, 

Wetmore tp. 

Wetmore p.v. 

Wetmore p.tp. 

Wetumpka p.v. 

WeTerton p.v 

Wevertown p.T. 

Wexford p.tp. 

Weyauwega tp. 

Weyauwega p.T. 

Weybridge tp, 

Weybridge „.h. 

Weymouth p.tp. 

Weymouth tp. 

Weymouth p.T. 

Whalan p.T. 

Whaleysville p.v. 

Wharton p.v. 

Wharton tp. 

Wharton _.p.tp, 

Wharton p.T. 

What  Cheer p.T, 

Whately p.tp, 

Wheatfield h. 

Wheatfleld tp. 

Wheatfield „.p.tp 

Wheatfield _.tp. 

Wheatfleld _.tp. 

Wheatfleld _.tp. 

Wheatfleld _.tp. 

Wheatland p.T. 

Wheatland p.T. 

Wheatland „.tp. 

Wheatland „ tp. 

Wheatland .tp. 

Wheatland p.T. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland p.T. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland p.h. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland  2 tp. 

Wheatland p.tp, 

Wheatland p.T. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland p.b. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatley p.T. 

Wheaton p.T. 

Wheaton tp. 

Wheatville p.h. 

Wheeler p.v. 

Wheeler tp. 

Wheeler tp. 

Wheeler tp. 

Wheeler p,h. 


Doddridge^... 

Williams 

Oneida 

La  Porte 

Gloucester.... 

Pranklin 

Otsego 

Champaign... 
'Mahoning.... 

Chester 

Saratoga 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Le  Sueur 

Indiana 

Cook 

Belmont 

Chester... 

Mercer 

Windsor 

Herkimer 

Kalkaska...... 

Bergen 

namiltou...... 

Windham 

Norfolk 

Barnstable.... 
Baltimore-... 

Ilartford 

Henry 

Henry 

Wyoming-... 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

McKean 

Elmore 

Washington . 

Warren  « 

Wexford 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

AddiHou 

Addison 

Norfolk- 

Atlantic 

Atlantic 

Fillmore 

Worcester.... 

Wyandot 

Fayette 

Potter 

Wharton 

Keokuk- 

Franklin 

Maricopa 

Clinton 

Sangamon... 

Jasper 

Ingham 

Niagara. 

Perry 

Yuba 

Cass 

Bureau 

Fayette 

Will 

Knox 

Carroll 

Clinton- 

Barton 

Dickinson..., 

Ford 

McPherson.. 

Hillsdale 

Mecosta. 

Bice 

Hickory 

Monroe 

Mercer 

Kenosha 

Vernon 

St.  Francis .. 

Du  Page 

Chippewa.... 

Genesee 

Porter 

Lyon 

Sac 

Gratiot 

Gratiot 


State. 


Population, 


1870.      1880, 


W.  Va 
Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
Ind.... 
N.  J... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

N.  Y-. 

Me 

Me 

Minn. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio-. 

Pa. 

N.  J-. 

Vt 

N.  Y„. 
Mich., 
N.  J... 
Ohio.., 
Conn., 
Mass. 
Mass.. 

Md 

Conn., 
111-..., 

Ill 

N.Y-. 
Kan- 
Kan- 

Pa , 

Ala..., 
Md ... 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass.... 

N.J 

N,  J-... 
Minn... 

Md 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa, 

Tex 

Iowa,,.. 
Mass.... 
Arizona 

III 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
N.Y_... 

Pa 

Cal 

Dakota. 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan  -... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.,,, 
Mich.,., 
Minn .,. 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Ark 

Ill 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich... 
Mich, 


537 


640 


1,658 


1,256 


1,318 


1,177 

1,428 

708 


2,693 
1,247 


1,219 


721 
1,137 


259 
1,243 


9,010 
810 


1,478 
287 


1,068 


874 


103 

781 

3,406 

780 


492 

871 

1,133 


788 


1,513 
400 
681 


2,565 


843 
697 


998 
799 


356 

884 

138 

627 

170 

1,687 

69 

166 

41 

1,238 

441 

1,647 

754 

60 

1,.359 

204 

470 

1,345 

1,396 
690 
594 
71 
309 
852 
144 
140 
299 
316 

2,173 

1,263 
348. 

1,311 
663 
340 

1,438 
816 
100 
176 
419 

1,243 
722 
608 
03 
10,670 
741 
191 
134 
200 
399 

1,704 
346 
312 
719 

1,074 

74 

954 

763 

2:i8 

l,'.i07 

4,390 
790 
635 
147 
506 
958 

1,098 
220 
916 
616 
356 
816 
550 
20 

1,388 
981 

1,464 
191 

2,599 
583 
835 
917 
100 

1,160 

1,285 
96 
160 
124 
627 
968 
78 


Plac*. 


County, 


Wheeler p.tp. 

Wheelersburg p.v. 

Wheeler  Station. ...p.v. 

Wheeling p.tp. 

Wheeling i. 

Wheeling p.h. 

Wheeling p.h. 

Wheeling p.tp. 

Wheeling -tp. 

Wheeling p.v. 

Wheeling tp. 

Wheeling tp. 

Wheeling h. 

Wheeling c. 

Wheelock p.h. 

Wheelock tp. 

Wheelock p.h. 

Whetstone tp. 

Whigham p.v. 

Whigville h. 

Whippany p.v. 

Whiskey  Bun tp. 

Whistler p.v. 

Whiuker tp. 

Whitaker's p.T. 

White tp. 

White tp. 

White tp. 

White* tp. 

White tp. 

White  Bear tp. 

White  Bear  Lake  ..tp. 
White  Bear  Lake  -p.v. 

White  Breast. tp. 

White  Breast tp. 

White  City p.v. 

White  Clay  Creek..hud. 

White  Cloud* -tp. 

White  Cloud p.v. 

White  Cloud p.v. 

White  Cloud tp. 

White  Creek tp. 

White  Creek p.v. 

White  Creek p.h. 

White  Deer tp. 

White  Earth  Agency 
&Ind.  Reservation  .p.v 

White  Eyes tp. 

Whitefleld tp. 

Wliitefield p.tp. 

WhitefieldS ip. 

Whitefleld p.h. 

Whitefleld tp. 

Whitefleld p.v. 

Whiteford tp. 

White  Hall p.h. 

Whitehall tp. 

Whitehall p.v. 

Whitehall tp. 

Whitehall p.v. 

Whitehall h. 

White  Hall v. 

White  Hall h. 

Whitehall tp. 

Wliitehall tp. 

Whitehall h. 

White  Hall p.h. 

Whitehall p.v. 

Whitehaven p.h. 

White  Haven p.b. 

White  House tp. 

White  House -.p.v. 

White  House -.h. 

WhiteHouseStation.p.v. 

White  Lake p.tp. 

Whiteland p.v. 

Whitelaud v. 

Whiteley p.tp, 

Wliitemarsh tp. 

White  Mound tp. 

White  Mound p.h. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak p.tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak p.tp. 

White  Oak tp. 


Steuben 

Scioto- 

Lawrence , 

Cook 

Carroll 

Delaware 

Marion.- 

Kice 

Livingston ... 
Livingston ... 

Belmont 

Guernsey 

Guernsey,-.,. 

Ohio 

Bobertson 

Caledonia 

Caledonia...,. 

Crawford 

Decatur. 

Genesee 

Morris 

Crawford 

Mobile 

Nash- 

Edgecombe... 
Kingman.-... 

Benton 

Macon 

Cambria 

Indiana. 

Ruusey 

Pope 

Kiimsey 

Lucas 

Warren 

Morris 

New  Castle... 

Mills 

Doniphan 

Newaygo 

Nodaway 

Wushington- 
Washingtou- 

Adams 

Union 


Becker 

CoshiHiton-,,.. 

Marshall 

Lincoln  

Kandiyohi 

Oktibbeha 

Coos 

Coos 

Monroe 

Owen 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Washington... 
Washington- 
Wayne 

Adams 

Bedford 

Lehigh 

Abbeville 

Albemarle 

Frederick 

Trempealeau. 

Wicomico 

Luzerne 

Robeson 

Lucas 

Lancaster...... 

Hunterdon.... 

Oakland 

Johnson 

Chester.- 

Greene 

Montgomery.. 

Jewell 

Grayson 

El  Dorado 

McLean 

Mahaska 

Warren 

Ingham 

Harrison 

Henry 

Bladen 

Carteret 


State. 


N.  T 

Ohio 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

W.  Va., 

Tex 

Vt 

Vt 

Ohio 

Ga. 

Mich.... 

N.  J 

Ind 

Ala 

N.  0-.., 
N.  C,,,. 
Kan-.., 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa- , 

Minn ., 
Minn.., 
Minn,,, 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Kan 

Del 

Iowa..., 
Kan  -.. 
Mich... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N,  Y„,. 

Wis 

Pa- 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,330 


1,836 


864 
249 


1,240 
1,090 


19,280 


822 


1,490 


923 

1,205 

1,594 

77 


1,196 


1,427 


Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Me 

Minn... 
Miss...- 

N.  H 

N.  H.... 
Mich.,,. 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

N.  C-... 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

S.C 

Va 

Va 

Wis 

Md 

Pa I     1,321 

N.  C-„.|       684 

Ohio 

Pa. 


1,127 


1,993 


969 

2,124 

430 

262 

'"590 
1,016 


2,620 
562 
843 


994 
2,881 


1,676 


842 
6,564 
4,322 


3,318 
1,616 


N.  J 

Mich.... 

1,180 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa 

977 

Pa 

3,151 

Kan 

Tex 

Cal 

751 

Ill 

632 

Iowa.... 

1,032 

Iowa.... 

686 

Mich.... 

979 

Mo 

872 

Mo 

1,367 

N.  C 

1,265 

N.  C 

842 

>  In  1871,  part  to  Newington. 

>  In  1877,  part  to  Mortoa. 

414 


»  In  1870,  part  to  Reade. 


*  In  1871.  part  to  Deer  Creek. 


'  Since  1870,  parts  to  Edwardi 
and  St.  John's. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac«. 


White  Oak »tp. 

White  Oak._ tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak p.h. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oaks p.v. 

White  Oak  Springs.tp. 
White  Oak  Springs.p.h 

White  Pigeon tp. 

White  Pigeon p.v. 

White  Plains p.v. 

White  Plains p.v. 

White  Plains p.h. 

White  Plains tp. 

White  Plains p.v. 

White  Plains tp. 

Wliiteport p.v. 

Wliite  Post tp. 

White  Post p.v. 

White  Hirer p.tp. 

White  Kiver tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  River  1 tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  River v. 

WhiteRiverJunc'n.p.T. 

White  Rook tp. 

White  Rock tp. 

White  Rock p.v. 

White  Rock tp. 

White  Rock p.v. 

White  Rock tp. 

White  Rock p.v. 

White  Rock p.v. 

White's tp. 

Whitesborongh v. 

Whiteebo  rough p.v. 

Whltesburg „...p.li. 

Whitesburg p.v. 

Whitesburg p.h. 

Whitesburg h. 

Whitesburg p.h. 

Whitesburg p.v. 

White's  Creek tp. 

White's  Store p.tp 

Whitestone p.v. 

Whitestown h. 

Whites  town p.tp, 

Whitestown p.li. 

Whitestown tp. 

White's  Valley p.h. 

Whites  villo p.v. 

WhitesviUe p.v. 

Wbitesville v. 

WhitesviUe p.h. 

Whitosville p.v. 

White  ville v. 

Whiteville tp. 

Whiteville p.v. 

Whiteville p.v. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater p.v. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater* tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater p.v. 

White  Water  Station.h. 

Wliite  Wriglit p.v. 

Whitfield's  Patch..Ji. 

Whiting p.v. 

Whiting p.h. 

Whiting tp. 

Whiting p.v. 

Whiting p.tp, 

Whiting p.tp. 

Whltingliam p.tp. 

Whitinsville p.v, 

WhitUy tp. 

Whltmore tp. 

Whitney v. 

Whitney tp. 

Whitney p.v, 


Oonnty. 


Jones 

()n8low 

I'olk 

Wake 

Brown 

Highland 

Lincoln 

Lafayette 

Lafayette , 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Josepli 

Oalhouu 

Greene 

Hopkins 

Westcliester... 
Westchester.... 
Spartanburg. .. 

Ulster , 

Pulaski 

Clarke , 

Tulare 

Qibson 

Hamilton 

Johnson 

Randolph 

Muskegon 

Barry 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Ogle 

Republic 

Republic 

Huron 

Huron 

McDonald 

Washington.... 

Hunt 

Bertie 

Oneida 

Grayson 

Madison 

Carroll 

Letcher 

Genesee 

Armstrong 

Hamblen 

Bladen 

Auson 

Queens „.. 

Wilkinson 

Oneida 

Butler 

Vernon 

Wayne 

Montgomery  .. 

Daviess 

Anne  Arundel 

Andrew 

Alleghany 

EfiRugham 

Columbus 

Columbus 

Hardeman 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Dubuque 

Grand  Traverse.., 

Winona 

Bollinger 

Cape  Girardeau... 

Hamilton , 

Oconee , 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Cape  Girardeau.., 

Grayson 

Schuylkill 

Lake 

Monona 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Washington 

Addison 

Windham 

Worcester , 

Moultrie , 

Macon 

Calhoun 

Bay- 

Hill 


State. 


N.  C 

N.  C 

N.C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  Mex. 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich  ... 

Ala 

Ga 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

8.C 

N.  Y 

Inl 

Va 

Cal 

Ind 

lu.l 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Vt 

Vt 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Midi.... 

Mo 

R.  I 

Tex 

N.C 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Ala 

Ga. 

Ky 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Tenn..., 

N.  C 

N.C 

N.  Y 

Miss..... 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Wis 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

Md , 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ga 

N.C 

N.  C 

Tenn  ... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

S.C 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Tex 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan.... 
KRn«.. 

Me 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ga 

Mich... 
Tex 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


660 
1,280 

959 
1,680 


1,052 


640 


1,833 
922 


374 


2,630 


1,342 


785 


120 
2,174 
2,047 
1,755 
4,069 
1,452 

756 


999 


1,025 
964 


1,440 
1,358 
1,907 


4,.S39 


637 


257 


2,026 

104 

80 

1,467 
144 

1,160 
510 
435 


1,226 

1,609 

526 

4,285 


414 

430 

1,263 


1,280 
1,111 


961 

1,062 

1,119 

1,948 

48 

1,248 

268 

451 

78 

1,707 

1,021 

140 

459 

35 

4,094 

2,381 

2,337 

198 

862 

244 

96 

2,636 

2,112 

2,062 

5,237 

608 

795 

444 

763 

949 

651 

157 

375 

232 

500 

517 

128 

1,154 

1,370 

773 

45 

368 

80 

72 

60 

250 

1,612 

1,775 

2,520 

65 

4,498 

90 

830 

82 

116 

309 

144 

91 

297 

336 

2,670 

343 

116 

1,619 

181 

1,106 

740 

659 

1,354 

1,315 

1,575 

770 

4,519 

3,617 

53 

100 

81 

115 

56 

417 

221 

42.5 

455 

1,240 

2,340 

1,297 

1,320 

133 

230 

626 


Place. 


Whitney's  Point. ...p.v. 

WhitneyviUe v. 

Whitneyvllle p.tp. 

^VllitneyvilIe -.h. 

WhitneyviUe h. 

Whitneyvllle v. 

Whitpain tp. 

Whittemore p.v. 

Whitting^on h. 

Whittlesey p.h. 

Wichita c. 

Wichita tp. 

Wick p.h. 

Wickacanee tp. 

Wickeiiburg p.v. 

Wickes p.v. 

Wickford p.v. 

Wiconisco p.tp, 

Widner tp. 

Wieu p.tp. 

Wilber tp. 

Wilber p.v. 

Wilbraham* p.tp. 

Wilbur p.h. 

Wilbur p.h. 

Wilburton  * tp. 

Wilcox tp. 

Wilcox tp. 

Wildcat tp. 

Wildcat tp. 

Wild  Cat  Run v. 

Wildcat  Valley h. 

Wilder's tp. 

Wilderville p.h. 

Wild  Rose p.h. 

Wilkesbarre c. 

Wilkesbarre tp. 

Wllkesborough tp. 

Wilkesborough p.v. 

Wilkeson p.v. 

Wilkes  ville tp. 

Wilkesville p.v. 

Wilkins* tp. 

Wilkinsburg p.v. 

Will tp. 

Willamette  Forks.. p.v. 

Willamina p.h. 

Willaid p.h. 

Willard  (Asylum)..p.v. 

Wlllard p.v. 

Willet p.h. 

Willett tp. 

Willett p.v. 

Willettville p.h. 

Williams p.v. 

Williams tp. 

Williams.- tp. 

Williams.- tp. 

Williams.- p.h. 

Williams.- tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp, 

Williums tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williamsborough...v. 

Williamsburg h. 

Williamsburg p.h. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg i).v. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsburg p.tp, 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williiimslmrg p.v. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg p.b. 

Williamsburg h. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg c. 

Williams  Centre. ...p. v. 
Williamsfield tp. 


County. 


Broome 

New  Haven , 

Washingfton 

Muskegon 

Gloucester 

Tioga 

Montgomery .. 

Kossuth 

Clay 

Medina 

Sedgwick 

Sedgwick 

Tyler 

Northampton.. 

Maricopa 

Jefferson 

Washington-.. 

Dauphin 

Knox , 

Marathon 

Iosco  

Saline 

Hampden 

Morgan 

Douglas 

Fayette , 

Hancock 

Newaygo 

Tipton 

Elk 

Schuylkill 

Lee 

Johlison 

Josephine 

Waushara 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Wilkes 

Wilkes 

Pierce 

Vinton 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Alleghany , 

Will 

Lano , 

Yam  Hill 

Carter 

Seneca 

Box  Elder 

Indiana. 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Highland 

Colusa 

Sangamon 

Calhoun 

Hamilton.- 

Hamilton.- 

Bay 

Benton 

Stone 

Wayne 

Chatham 

Columbus. 

Martin 

Dauphin 

Northampton.. 

Granville 

Jefferson 

Moultrie 

Johnson 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Whitley 

Piscataquis 

Hampshire 

Callaway 

Clinton 

Rockingham... 

Clermont 

Clermont 

Noble 

Blair 

Clarion 

Northampton.. 

James  City 

Williams 

Ashtabula. 


Stat«. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

N.  T 

Conn ... 

Me 

Mich.... 

480 
669 

818 

196 

492 

74 

N.  J 

73 

Pa 

112 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 
Ind 

1,330 

1,429 

1U5 
61 

Ohio 

59 

Kan 

Kan 

W.  Va.- 

N.  C 

689 

"T,641 

4,911 

935 

28 

2,542 
104 

Mon-... 

R.I 

200 
736 

Pa 

Ind 

Wis 

Mich.... 

2,993 

1,704 

109 

2,130 

1,789 

452 

202 

Neb 

710 

Mass.... 
Ind 

2,330 

1,628 
88 

Oregon. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

49 

1,609 
4,058 

1,116 
3,693 

850 

Ind 

1,547 

1,972 
872 

Pa- 

101 

Va 

60 

N.C 

Oregon. 

Wis. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  0 

N.  C.-... 
Wash... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

1,203 

1,479 
18 

10,174 
7,090 
1,300 

'"i',472 

25 

23,330 

2,445 

1,677 

200 

104 

1,812 

309 

Pa- 

Pa 

3,466 

4,426 

1,629 

882 

278 

Ill 

Oregon 
Oregon 
Ky 

911 

68 

84 

N.  Y 

2,021 

412 

60 

Utah... 
Pa 

662 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

889 

863 
147 

Ohio—. 

39 

Cal 

279 

HI 

1,279 

1,665 
316 

664 

Iowa.... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

446 

2,277 
S32 

79 

866 

2,616 

705 

785 

N.C 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  C 

906 

'"i',45i 

2,428 

2,622 
1,541 
1,008 
2,764 
2,847 
176 

Ill 

48 

Ill 

IT 

Ind 

320 

Ind 

234 

Kan 

1,245 
419 
208 
236 

2,234 
106 

Kan-... 
Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mo 

139 

176 
2,169 

N  Y  ... 

258 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio — 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa. 

2,340 

2,383 

773 

213 

821 

4,011 

2,336 

795 

36ft 

668 

47 

Pa- 

330 

Va - 

Ohio 

1,392 

1,480 
199 

Ohio-... 

b#2 

974 

>  Id  1870,  Including  village  of 
Whitehall. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Kinder. 

•  In  1878,  part  to  Hampden. 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Lone  Grove.        »  In  1879,  part  to  Sterrett. 

415 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


VT-illiamaon tp. 

Williamson p.T. 

Williamson tp. 

Williainsou p.h. 

Williamsport p.T. 

Williamsport tp. 

Williamsport ...p.T. 

Williamsport b. 

Williamsport p.T. 

Williamsport c. 

W^illiams  Banch....p.T. 

Williamston  i tp. 

Williamston p.T. 

Williamston p.tp. 

Williams  town b. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamatown tp. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamstown tp. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamstown p.tp. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamstown p.T. 

Williamstown .t. 

Williamstown p.tp, 

Williams  to  wn...,....p.T. 

Williamstown ..tp. 

WilliamsTille p.h. 

WilliamsTille p.T. 

Williamsville p.h. 

WilliamsTille p.T. 

WilliamsTille p.T. 

Willimantic p.b. 

Willing tp. 

Will  ingborongh ... .  tp. 
Willington tp 


Willington. 

Willis 

Willisburg.. 
Williston ... 
Williston... 
Williston , 


P.h. 

P.v. 

P.h. 

tp. 

?.▼• 

..p.T. 


Williston „tp. 

Williston p.T. 

Willistown tp. 

Willits p.T. 

Willmar tp. 

Willmar p.T. 

Willoughby tp. 

Willoughby p.T. 

Willow p.T. 

Willow* tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow  Branch tp. 

Willow  Creek tp. 

Willow  Creek p.T. 

Willow  Creek ..tp. 

Willowdale tp. 

Willow  Dale b. 

Willow  Fork tp. 

Willow  GroTe _p.T. 

Willow  Hill tp. 

Willow  Island p.h. 

Willow  Lake „tp. 

Willow  BiTer h. 

Willows p.b. 

Willow  Springs tp. 

Willow  Springs*.. .p.tp. 

Willow  Springs tp. 

Willow  Street p.y. 

Wills tp. 

Wills tp. 

Willsborougb tp. 

Willsbo  rough p.T. 

WillseyTille p.T. 

Willsbire tp. 

Willsbire p.T. 

Will's  Point p.T. 

Wilmathsville p.h. 

Wilmette p.y. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.T. 

Wilmington c. 


County. 


Wayne 

Wayne 

Bicbmond.... 

Franklin 

Warren , 

Shawnee 

Washington.. 

Morrow 

Pickaway 

Lycoming 

Brown 

Martin 

Martin 

Anderson 

Jefferson 

Grant 

Berkshire 

Berkshire..... 

Ingham. 

Ingham 

Lewis 

Gloucester.... 

Oswego 

Hancock 

Dauphin 

Lehigh 

Orange 

Wood 

Dodge 

Sussex 

Sangamon.... 

Cass 

Wayne 

Erie 

Windham 

Alleghany.,.. 
Burlington... 

Tolland , 

Tolland , 

Montgomery., 
Washington .. 

Barnwell , 

Barnwell 

Fayette 

Chittenden..., 
Chittenden... 

Chester 

Mendocino.... 
Kandiyohi.... 
Kandiyohi.... 

Lake 

Lake 

Colusa 

Cherokee , 

Crawford , 

Greene 

Monona. 

Woodbury...., 
Orangeburg.., 

Richland 

Piatt , 

Lassen 

Siskiyou 

Lee 

Dickinson 

Essex 

Moniteau 

Kent , 

Jasper , 

Dawson 

Redwood 

Aitkin , 

Umatilla 

Douglas 

Howell 

Lafayette , 

Lancaster , 

La  Porte 

Guernsey , 

Essex 

Essex 

Tioga 

Van  Wert 

Van  Wert , 

Van  Zandt 

Adair 

Cook 

Los  Angeles... 
Los  Angeles... 
New  Castle.... 


SUte. 


N.  Y 

N.Y.... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Ind , 

Kan .... 

Md 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Tex 

N.  C... 
N.  C»... 

S.  C 

Kan .... 

Ky 

Mass..., 
Mass.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 

Mo , 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio™.., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Del 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Conn..., 

N.  Y 

N.J , 

Conn..., 
Conn  ... 

Tex 

Ky 

S.  C , 

S.C.„.., 
Tenn.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Cal 

Minn .., 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Cal 

Iowa..., 
Iowa. .., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

S.C 

Wis 

Ill 

Cal , 

Cal 

Ill , 

Kan 

Maw..., 

Mo 

Del 

Ill 

Neb. 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Oregon. 

Kan 

Mo 

Wis. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tex 

Mo 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Del 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,430 


2,044 


566 
1,283 


514 
16,030 


3,160 

520 

1,426 


281 
3,659 


1,237 

"i'so 

1,833 


1,236 


2,305 


1,199 
760 
942 


1,379 


1,441 
i,652 
"449 


2,516 
867 


667 
1,438 


1,019 


2,242 
"i',55'2 


1,163 

608 

1,117 


884 
1,670 
1,719 


1,644 
268 


942 
30^841 


2,745 
335 

2,412 

80 

913 

777 

1,503 

81 

313 

18,934 

253 

2,109 
482 

2,546 
80 
751 

3,394 
984 

1,852 
982 
237 

1,250 

1,820 
128 

1,771 
115 

1,038 
198 

2,243 

26 

457 

88 

184 

880 

6,608 

1,267 
743 

1,086 

60 

656 

90 

2,669 
426 
135 

1^142 
214 

1,620 
153 
495 

1,002 

2,624 

1,001 
728 
269 
315 
486 
180 
242 

1,748 
901 

1,808 
138 
116 

1,209 
601 
59 

2,325 
152 

1,806 

34 

114 

71 

13 

1,374 
672 

1,089 
182 
865 

1,866 

1,460 
250 
688 

1,963 

608 

860 

46 

419 

1,866 

911 

42,478 


Place. 


Wilmington t. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.T, 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.h 

Wilmington p.tp. 

Wilmington p.tp. 

Wilmington P-tp. 

Wilmington c. 

Wilmington p.T. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.T, 

Wilmont tp. 

Wilmore p.b. 

Wilmot p.tp, 

Wilmot p.T. 

Wilmot p.tp, 

Wilmot p.T 

Wilmurt p.tp. 

Wilna p.tp. 

Wilson _tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson ...tp. 

Wilson _.p.T. 

Wilson .......tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson _.tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson ~.p.tp. 

Wilson -.p.tp. 

Wilson _.tp. 

Wilson -.tp. 

Wilson  * tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson u -.tp. 

Wilson -.tp. 

Wilson -.p.T. 

Wilson -.tp. 

Wilson -.p.T. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson -.p.T. 

Wilson —tp. 

Wilsonburg -p.h. 

Wilson's  Mills p.h. 

Wil.souTille p.h. 

WilsouTille -t. 

Wilton p.tp. 

Wilton ~ tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton p.T. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton h. 

Wilton p.tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton p.h. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton p.T. 

Wilton  Centre p.h. 

Wilton  Juuction....p.T. 

Winamac p.T. 

Wiuchendon tp. 

Wincbendon p.T. 

Winchester tp. 

Winchester p.T. 

Winchester p.T. 

Winchester p.T. 

Winchester p.T. 

Winchester* P-tp. 

Winchester p.v. 

Winchester tp. 

Winchester p.v. 

Winchester tp. 

Winchester p.v. 

Winchester h, 

Winchester v. 

Winchester p.v, 

Winchester p.v. 

Winchester c. 

Winchester p.tp. 

Windermere v. 

Windfall. p.v. 

Windham tp. 

Windham p.v. 

Windham p.h. 

Windham tp. 

Windham p.tp. 


County. 


Greene , 

Will 

Will 

De  Kalb 

Wabaunsee 

Wabaunsee 

Middlesex 

Houston , 

Essex , 

New  Hanover., 

Clinton 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Windham 

Windham 

Nobles 

Cambria 

Merrimac 

Stark 

Bradford , 

Kenosha 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

DeWitt , 

Osceola 

Ellsworth- 

Ellsworth 

Marion 

Alpena 

Charlevoix 

Kalkaska- , 

Winona 

Adair 

Audrain , 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Putnam. 

Niagara. 

Niagara- 

Wilson 

Wilson , 

Clinton , 

St.  Croix 

Sheboygan 

Harrison 

Cuyahugu 

Shelby 

Obion 

Fairfield 

Will 

Muscatine 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Hillsborough... 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Will 

Muscatine....... 

Pulaski 

Worcester - 

Worcester. 

Litchfield 

Scott 

Randolph 

Jefferson 

Clarke  

Middlesex 

Clarke 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Adams 

Adams 

Jackson 

Preble 

Franklin 

Fayette 

Frederick 

Winnebago 

Tolland 

Tipton '.. 

Windham 

Windham 

Johnson 

Cumberland 

Rockingham  ... 


State. 


Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Minn... 

N.Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn... 

Pa. 

N,  H 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

HI 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich..,, 
Mich,... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N,  Y-... 
N.  C — 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

W.  Va.- 

Ohio 

Ala 

Tenn ... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mass-... 
Mass.... 
Conn.... 

HI 

Ind 

Kan-... 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  H..... 
N.  H.,., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tenn ... 

Tex 

Va 

Wis 

Conn ... 

Ind 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

N.  H.,.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,766 

1,828 

2,296 

662 


866 
1,2(J0 

794 

13,446 

2,023 

1,634 

648 
1,246 


393 
1,072 


1,365 


191 

4,060 

640 


1,016 
1,119 
1,740 
852 
1,053 


2,912 
661 
3,170 
1,036 
1,157 


1,277 


1,994 
1,118 
2,:i46 
1,906 


6681 


1,974; 
1,204! 


1,317 

906 

3,398 


4,096 


1,466 


1,616 
2,646 


2,097 


1,476 
416 


4,477 
1,439 


6,412 


2,428 
763 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

•  In  1877,  part  to  Grand  Meadow. 

416 


» In  1876,  part  to  Hutton  Val- 
ley. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  Brookline.  »  In  1873,  part  to  Woburn. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870   AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Coanty. 


Windham. tp. 

Wlndbam p.T, 

Windham tp. 

Windham p.T, 

Wludham p.tp. 

Windham tp. 

Windham tp. 

Windham. p.b. 

Windham  Centre...p.b. 

Windom p.T. 

Windomi tp. 

Windsor...... p.T. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.T. 

Wijidsor h. 

Windsor p.tp, 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.h. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.v. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.T. 

Windsor p.tp, 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.T. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.T. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor  Heiglit8...T. 

Windsor  Locks p.tp. 

Windsor  Station.. ..p.T. 

Winesburg p.T. 

Winfleld tp. 

Winfleld p.T. 

Winfleld h. 

Winfleld p.tp. 

Winfleld tp. 

Winfleld p.T. 

Winfleld tp. 

Winfleld p.h. 

Winfleld tp. 

Winfleld tp. 

Winfleld p.h. 

Winfleld p.tp. 

Winfleld p.T 

Winfleld tp. 

Winfleld p.T 

Winfleld tp. 

Wingart's  Corners.h. 

Wingo's  Station p.T 

Wing  River p.tp. 

WlngvlUe tp. 

Winhall tp. 

Winn tp. 

Winn p.T. 

Winnebago tp. 

Winnebago p.T. 

Winnebago tp. 

Winnebago  City.. ..p.T. 
Winnebago  City»...tp. 

Winneconne tp. 

Winneconne p.T. 

Winnemncca p.T. 

Winnetka p.v. 

Wlnnfield p.T. 

Winnsborough p.T. 

Winona tp. 

Winona c. 

Winona tp. 

Winona p.v. 

Winona p.T. 

Winooski p.v. 

Winooski p.h. 

Winslow tp. 

Winslow p.T. 

Winslow p.T. 

Winslow.- tp. 

Winslow p.T, 

Winslow. _ tp. 

Winslow p.T. 

Wiualow. » tp. 


Oreene 

Greene 

Portage - 

Portage -.. 

Bradford 

Wyoming 

Windham 

Windham- 

Cumberland 

Cottonwood 

Mower 

Sonoma. 

Hartford 

Shelby , 

Shelby 

Clayton , 

Fayette , 

Cowley , 

Kennebec 

Berkshire 

Berkshire. 

Eaton 

Henry , 

Henry 

Hillsborough.... 

Mercer 

Broome 

Bertie 

Bertie 

Ashtabula......... 

Lawrence 

Morgan 

Berks. 

York„ 

Aiken 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Dane 

Baltimore 

Hartford 

Isle  of  Wight.... 

Holmes. 

Du  Piige 

Du  Page 

Jeff'ersou 

Lake 

Scott 

Cowley , 

Osborne „.... 

Carroll 

Montcalm 

Benville 

Lincoln  

Herkimer 

Tuscarawas 

Butler 

Putnam 

Sauk , 

Crawford 

Graves 

Wadena 

Grant 

Bennington 

Penobscot- 

Penobscot , 

Winnebago , 

Winnebago 

Houston 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Winnebago , 

Winnebago 

Humboldt 

Cook 

Winn 

Fairfield 

Delta 

Winona , 

Winona 

Montgomery ,.., 

Columbiana. 

Chittenden 

Sheboygan 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Pike 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Camden 

Camden 

Jefferson 


SUt«. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


N.T-. 
N.Y-. 
Ohio.., 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Me ..., 
Minn. 
Minn 
Cal ..., 
Conn. 
111-... 

Ill 

Iowa., 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mass..., 
Mass.... 
Mich..., 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H...., 

N.  J 

N.  Y-.., 
N.  C_.., 
N.C...... 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Md 

Conn.... 

Va~ 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill , 

Ind...., 
Iowa.., 
Kan ... 
Kan... 
Md .... 
Mich.., 
Minn . 

Mo , 

N.  Y..., 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

W.  Va 

Wis 

Ohio-., 

Ky 

Minn . 
Wis.... 

Vt 

Me , 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn. 
Minn . 
Minn. 

Wis 

Wis.-., 
Nev ... 

Ill 

La..... 
S.  C... 
Mich.. 
Minn . 
Minn. 
Miss..., 
Ohio-. 

Vt 

Wis... . 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Me 

Me 

N.  J-. 
N.J... 
Pa 


1,486 


865 


1,188 
660 
544 


404 


2,783 

1,593 

518 


800 

79 

1,266 

686 


1,222 


81 


2,958 
3,732 
427 
871 
1,943 
2,251 
1,211 
2,024 
1,021 
1,699 


1,256 


2,154 


2,211 


516 
991 


326 


1,561 

126 

1,121 


768 


1,031 

842 
714 


1,427 


804 

326 

780 

2,155 


1,124 


7,192 
487 


929 


1,437 


2,060 


1,320 


1,461 

344 

1,029 

358 

1,160 
838 
536 
49 
74 
443 
737 
120 

3,058 

1,954 

768 

80 

922 

1,028 

1,079 

644 

33 

1,748 

1,900 
872 
65 
137 

3,286 

4,685 
461 
964 

2,229 

2,392 
830 

2,154 

1,462 

2,175 

1,606 

1,210 
124 

2,332 
266 
236 

2,428 

164 

74 

544 

997 

2,844 

845 

77 

789 

149 

30 

1,597 
115 

1,092 
305 
773 
88 
212 
177 

1,178 
722 
898 
434 

1,480 
504 
854 
993 
478 

1,910 
978 
763 
584 
133 

1,500 

78 

10,208 

592 

1,204 
128 

2,833 
86 

1,004 
330 
199 

1,467 
199 

2,158 
650 

1,904 


Place. 


Connty. 


Winsted p.b. 

Winsted tp. 

Winsted  Lake p.v. 

Winston t. 

Winston tp. 

Winston p.T. 

Winston  Tille- h. 

Winterbnrn p.T. 

Winterfleld p.tp. 

Winter  Harbor p.v. 

Winterport. p.tp, 

Winterrowd p.h. 

Winters p.v. 

Winterset p.v. 

Winters  town p.b. 

WintersTllle p.h. 

Winthrop p.v. 

Winthrop tp. 

Winthrop p.v. 

Winthrop p.tp. 

Winthrop v. 

Winton tp. 

Winton ~.p.T. 

Winton p.b. 

Wiota p.T. 

Wiota tp. 

Wiota p.v. 

Wirt ...tp. 

Wiscasset p.tp, 

Wisconsin tp. 

Wiscotta V. 

Wiscoy p.tp. 

Wise tp. 

Wise tp. 

Wise  Court-Hou8e..p.v. 

Wishart's - tp. 

Wisner p.tp. 

Wisner p.v. 

Wistar p.h. 

Withamsville p.v, 

Witoka p.h. 

Witt .....tp. 

Witt - p.v. 

Wittenberg p.tp. 

Wittenburg p.v. 

Wittsburg p.T. 

Wixom p.h. 

Woburn p.T. 

Woburn' - p.tp. 

Wolcott p.tp. 

Wolcott p.T. 

Wolcott p.T. 

Wolcott tp. 

Wolcott. p.tp. 

Wolcott tp. 

Wolcott p.T. 

Wolcottviile T. 

Wolcottville p.T. 

Wolf. tp. 

Wolfbo  rough p.tp. 

Wolf  Creek tp. 

Wolf  Creek p.h. 

Wolf  Creek p.tp. 

Wolf  Island p.tp. 

Wolf  Lake p.T. 

Wolf  Pit .tp. 

WolfBiTer« tp. 

Wolf  RiTer« tp. 

Wolfsburg p.h. 

Wolfscrape  - tp. 

Wolfs  Station p.v. 

Wollaston p.v, 

Womelsdorf. p.b. 

Wonewoc tp. 

Wonewoc p.T. 

Wood tp. 

Wood tp. 

Wood tp. 

Wood tp. 

Wood  berry p.T. 

Woodbine p.tp. 

Woodbine p.v. 

Woodbridge p.T. 

Woodbridge tp. 

Woodbridge tp. 

Woodbridge v. 

Woodbridge tp. 

Woodbriilge p.T. 

Woodburn p.T. 

Woodliurn p.v. 

Woodburn p.  v. 


Litchfield- 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Daviess 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Winston 

Clearfield 

Clare 

Hancock 

Waldo , 

Effingham , 

Yolo 

Madison 

York 

Sullivan 

Bucliauan 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Sufi'olk 

Buchanan 

Hertford , 

Hertford 

Lackawanna . 

Cass 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Alleghany 

Lincoln 

Jackson 

Ditllas 

Winona 

Isabella 

Edgefield 

Wise 

Uobeson 

Tuscola 

Cuming 

Clinton 

Clermont 

Winona 

Montgomery . 
Montgomery . 
Alexander...., 

Perry 

Cross 

Oakland 

Bond 

Middlesex...... 

New  Haven  „, 

White 

Scott , 

Rice , 

Wayne 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Litchfield 

I^a  Grange...., 
Lycoming-..., 

Carroll 

Woodbury 

Meade 

Mercer 

Mississippi ..., 

Noble 

Richmond 

Doniphan 

Winnebago..., 

Bedford- 

Duplin , 

Tuscarawas.-, 

Norfolk 

Berks 

Juneau 

Juneau 

Clarke 

Carroll 

Wripht...^ 

Wood 

Baltimore...... 

.To  Daviess 

Harrison 

San  Joaquin.. 
New  Haven  -. 

Hillsdale 

Bergen 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Macoupin 

Clarke 

Warren 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Conn., 
Minn 
Minn 
Mo ..., 
N.  C- 
N.  C- 
Miss.. 
Pa-... 
Mich. 
Me._. 
Me.... 

Ill 

Cal ... 

Iowa.... 

Pa-.... 

Mo 

Iowa.. 

Me 

Me 

Mass. , 

Mo 

N.  C_, 
N.  C-. 

Pa 

Iowa., 
Wis.-. 
Wis.-, 
N.  Y„ 

Me 

Minn  ... 
Iowa.... 
Minn  ... 
Mich.... 
8.  C...... 

Va 

N.  C 

Mich... 

Neb 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C .... 

Mo 

Ark.-... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Conn.... 

Ind 

Iowa.,.. 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Pa 

N.  H-... 
Iowa.... 

Ky. 

Pa 

Mo. 

Ind 

N.C...... 

Kan..... 

Wis.-,.. 

Pa. 

N.C 

Ohio 

Mass. ... 

Pa 

Wis.-... 
Wis-.... 

Ind 

M.) 

Mo 

Wis 

Md 

III.. 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Conn.... 
Mich.... 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Ky 


638 


1,693 
443 


2,744 


1,485 


2,229 


2,240 


1,699 


1,204 

1,977 

193 


523 


624 
165 


848 
116 
113 


8,560 
491 


599 
3,223 
1,132 


819 
1,996 


666 
652 


1.! 

1,934 

606 


1,026 


1,031 
930 


730 
2,286 


959 


830 
1,321 


3.717 


2,474 

1,211 
140 
304 

4,470 

2,864 

31 

247 

273 

400 

2,260 

43 

623 

2,583 

199 

60 

320 

2,146 
984 

1,043 

1,164 

2,676 
263 
906 
110 

1,687 
143 

1,226 

1,847 
157 
169 
761 
368 

2,830 
128 
710 
326 
282 
37 
177 
60 

1,096 
134 

1,164 
129 
209 
98 
131 
10,931 
493 
239 
303 
826 

3,731 

1,166 
109 

2,245 
428 
649 

2,222 
418 
47 
636 
763 
183 

1,872 

2,198 

940 

68 

1,268 
100 
907 

1,097 

1,711 
633 

1,210 

2,967 
841 
366 
980 

1,004 
320 
246 
829 

1,680 
348 

4,090 
683 
23« 
371 
197 


>  In  1871,  Brooklyn  annexed.    »  In  1870,  inclading  village  of  Winnebago  City.    »  In  1873,  part  from  Winchester.     *  In  1878,  part  to  Union. 

417 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Ptao*. 


Woodbury .......p.tp. 

Woodbury p.h. 

Woodbury tp. 

Woodbury p.h. 

Woodbury tp. 

Woodbury p.v. 

Woodbury p.tp, 

Woodbury c. 

Woodbury tp. 

Woodbury p.b. 

Woodbury  1 tp. 

Woodbury tp. 

Woodbury p.v. 

Woodbury p.tp. 

Woodcock* tp. 

Woodcock p.b. 

Woodford p.tp. 

WoodhuU p.v. 

Woodhull tp. 

Woodhull „....tp. 

Woodhull p.v. 

Woodington tp. 

Wood  Lake p.tp. 

Wood  Lake p.tp. 

Woodland p.v. 

Woodland .^...tp. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland ^..pl'n 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland .^....p.v. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland p.v. 

Woodland p.v. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodlawn p.v. 

Woodlawn p.tp. 

WoodlawnOottonMlls.v 

Woodman tp. 

Woodman p.v. 

Wood  Bidge «p.v. 

Wood  Biver tp. 

Woodrow _v. 

Woodruff tp. 

Woodruff. p.v. 

Woodruff's p.v. 

Woods ~..tp. 

Woodsborough p.v. 

Woodsdale p.tp. 

Woods  Falls p.v. 

Woodsfield p.v. 

Wood's  Holl ....p.v. 

Woodside .p.tp. 

Woodside _tp. 

Woodside _tp. 

Woodside ....„p.T. 

Woodside „v. 

Woodstock .......p.tp. 

Woodstock _.p.h. 

Woodstock p.v. 

Woodstock tp. 

Woodstock »...„.  tp. 

Woodstock ...tp. 

Woodstock .....^p.tp. 

Woodstock ~.....p.tp. 

Woodstock ~.....tp. 

Woodstock .......p.v. 

Wood8tock.........„.p.v. 

Woodstock _tp. 

Woodstock p.T. 

Woodstock ...p.v. 

Woodstown »....p.v. 

Woodsville -.p.v. 

Woodvale ~..  v. 

Woodvale b. 

Woodville p.v. 

Woodville p.tp, 

Woodville* .....tp. 

Woodville p.v. 

Woodville p.v. 

Woodville tp. 

Woodville tp. 

Woodville ...p.v. 

Woodville p.v. 

Woodville p.v. 

Woodville tp. 

Woodville p.v. 

Woodward .; p.v. 


Oounty. 


Litchfield 

Meriwether 

Cumberland........ 

Hancock 

Woodbury 

Butler 

Washington 

Gloucester 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Blair 

Marion 

Cannon 

Washington 

Crawford 

Crawfurd 

Bennington 

Henry 

Shiawassee 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Lenoir 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Burnett 

Yolo 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Decatur 

Aroostook 

Barry 

Barry 

Wright 

Burlington 

Cleai-field 

Dodge 

Sauk 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Gaston 

Grant 

Grant 

Bergen 

Madison 

Richmond 

Spartanburg 

Rich 

Spartanburg 

Chippewa 

Frederick 

Person 

Clinton 

Monroe 

Barnstable „., 

Sangamon 

Otter  Tail „.. 

Oi-egon 

Queens 

Schuylkill 

Windham 

Cherokee 

McHenry 

Schuyler 

Wright 

Oxford 

Lenawee 

Grafton 

Ulster 

Ulster ., 

Champaign 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Shenandoah. 

Salem 

Grafton 

Strafford. 

Cambria 

Jackson 

Penol)scot 

Waseca 

Wilkinson 

Jefferson 

Bertie 

Sandusky- 

Sandusky- 

Washington 

Rappalintinock ... 

Calumet 

St.  Croix 

Centre 


State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Conn.... 
Ga 

1,931 

2,149 
94 

1,155 

91 

693 

190 

1,169 

2,298 
999 
281 

1,328 
230 
393 
856 

1,499 
184 
487 
650 
883 

1,963 
317 

2,632 
228 
485 

2,267 
919 

1,798 
841 
679 

1,788 
266 

1,037 
325 
418 
129 

1,368 
319 

1,319 
222 
653 
111 
348 

3,346 
389 

1,927 

100 

254 

80 

336 

1,37C 
175 
861 
608 

1,636 
319 
424 
500 
321 

2,639 
92 

1,476 

1,381 
434 
952 

1,557 
367 

1,968 
170 
383 

2,815 

1,266 

1,000 
490 
402 
173 
639 
221 
223 
641 
965 
179 

2,111 

1,662 
406 
110 
168 

1,513 
149 
104 

Ill 

Ind 

],0G7 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Minn ... 

N.  J 

Pa 

471 

171 

990 

1,965 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenu  ... 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Ill 

•  294 
2,107 
210 
329 
902 
1,723 
220 
371 

Mich.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

776 
1,997 

N.  C 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

906 

1,602 

782 

174 

1,376 

Minn... 

N.  J 

Pa 

593 
389 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

891 

Mo 

N.  C 

Wis 

Wis 

935 
659 

N.  J 

Ill 

N.Y 

S.C 

Utah.... 

"*i'^W8 

8.  C 

Minn ... 
Md 



N.  C 

N.  Y 

1,696 

Ohio 

Mass.... 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Mo 

753 
""i',385 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Conn.... 
Ga. 

2,955 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
N.H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,574 

1,603 
144 
994 

1,365 
405 

2,022 

Ohio-... 

Vt 

Vt 

2,910 

Va 

N.  J 

N.  H 

859 

N.  H.... 
Pa 



Ala 

Me 

Minn ... 
Miss 

170 
1,031 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

1,635 
1,418 

R.I 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

1,023 

Pa 

Place. 


Woodward tp. 

Woodward tp. 

Woodward ^...tp. 

Woolford p.h. 

Woolsey v. 

Woolwich p.tp. 

Woolwich  * tp. 

Woonsocket p.tp, 

Wooster tp. 

Wooster c. 

Woosung p.v. 

Worcester c. 

Worcester tp. 

Worcester. p.v. 

Worcester p.tp, 

Worcester. tp. 

Worcester. p.v. 

Worcester tp. 

Worden p.v. 

Wormleysburg v. 

Worteudyke p.v. 

Worth P-tp- 

Worth tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worths tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth p.tp. 

Wortham p.v. 

Wortliington p.v. 

Worthington p.v. 

Wortliington p.tp. 

Worthington tp. 

Worthington p.v. 

Worthington p.v. 

Worthington tp. 

Worthington p.b. 

WorthingtonCrossing.v 

Worthville p.v. 

Worthville p.b. 

Wrentham* tp. 

Wrentham p.v. 

Wright p.tp. 

Wright tp. 

Wright tp, 

Wright tp. 

Wright p.tp 

Wright.... tp. 

Wright tp. 

Wright  City p.v. 

Wrights  town p.v, 

Wrightstown tp. 

Wrightstown tp. 

Wrightstown p.v. 

Wrightsville p.v, 

Wrightsville v. 

AVrightsville p.b. 

Wurtsborough p.v. 

Wyaconda tp. 

Wyacoiidah tp. 

Wyalusiug p.tp. 

Wyalusing -.p.tp. 

Wyandot p.v. 

Wyandotte -p.tp. 

Wyandotte -.c. 

Wyandotte tp. 

Wyandotte c. 

Wyanet tp. 

Wyanet p.v. 

Wyanette tp. 

Wykeham p.tp. 

Wykoff. p.v. 

Wy  nantskill p.v, 

Wyocena -tp. 

Wyocena .......p.v. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming tp. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming tp. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming tp. 

Wyoming  T p.tp. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming p.v. 


County. 


Clearfield 

Clinton 

Lycoming 

Dorchester 

Escambia 

Sagadahoc 

Gloucester 

Providence 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Ogle 

Worcester 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Montgomerj' ... 

Washington 

Washington-... 

Price- 

Madison 

Cumberland 

Bergen 

Cook 

Woodford 

Boone 

Boone 

Sanilac 

Jefferson 

Butler 

Centre 

Mercer 

Freestone 

Greene 

Dubuque 

Hampshire 

Nobles 

Nobles 

Franklin 

Richland 

Ai-mstrong 

Wells 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Norfolk 

Norfolk 

Greene 

Pottawattamie . 

Wayne 

Hillsdale 

Ottawa 

Schoharie 

Luzerne 

Warren 

Burlington 

Bucks 

Brown 

Brown 

Johnson 

Camden 

York 

Sullivan 

Clarke 

Davis 

Bradford 

Grant 

Wyandot 

Butte 

Wyandotte 

Wyandotte 

Wayne , 

Bureau , 

Bureau 

Isanti , 

Todd 

Fillmore , 

Rensselaer. , 

Columbia... 

Columbia. 

Kent 

Lee 

Stark , 

Jones 

Jones 

Bath 

Kent 

Chisago 

Wyoming 

Hamilton 

Luzerne 

Washington 


State. 


Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Md 

Fla 

Me 

N.  J  -.. 

R.  I , 

Ohio 

Ohio... 

Ill 

Mass... 
N.  Y„.., 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  J.-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
N.  Y„.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Mass-.. 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Oliio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ind , 

Ky 

Pa 

Mass..., 
Mass-.. 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Mich... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mo 

N.  J 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ga 

N.  J-... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Wis 

Ohio-.., 

Cal 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis.-.., 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.,,. 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

R.  I 


Population, 


1870.      1880. 


1,034 

1,061 

T37 


1,168 
3,760 
11,527 
6,664 
6,419 


41,105 
2,327 


1,687 
776 


1,747 

1,000 

1,343 

976 

1,434 

727 

893 

650 

1,084 


860 


1,876 
216 


2.292 


1,104 


953 
1,814 
2,077 
1,625 

603 


823 
1,446 


1,544 

797 

885 

1,641 

1,707 

800 


731 
2,940 
1,851 
2,731 
1,760 


1,281 


280 
1,280 

640 
1,733 


120 

1,786 

622 


>  In  1870,  Including  Williams- 
burg. 

418 


« In  1870,  Including  Blooming 

Valley. 
»  In  1870,  including  Waseca. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Logan. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  Colfax. 

•  In  1870,  part  to  Norfolk. 


'  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlMM. 


Wyoming p.tp. 

Wysoz. ~ tp. 

Wyaox.- p.tp. 

Wyth«. -tp. 

Wythe  Depot t. 

Wythevillo p,T. 

Xeaiai ap. 

Xenia p.r. 

Xenia ..» p.T. 

Xenia p.h. 

Xenla mm c. 

Xenia m tp. 

Tadkin tp. 

Tadkin tp, 

Tadkin  C!olIege......tp. 

Tadkin  College p.T. 

Tadkinyllle- p.T. 

Takima. p.T. 

Tam  Hill v. 

Tanceyvllle tp. 

Tanceyville p.v. 

Tankee  Jim's -p.T. 

Tankee  Spring p.tp. 

Tan  keeto  wn p.T. 

Taukton c. 

Tan  tic p.y. 

Tapbank p.T. 

Tardleyvllle M..p.T. 

Tarmouth p.tp, 

Tarmouth p.tp. 

Tarmouth  Port....-p.T. 

Tates tp. 

Tates tp. 

Tatea tp. 

Tates p.T. 

Tates  Centre p.T. 

Tates  City p.T. 

TatesTille b. 

Tatesville t. 

Tazoo  City x. 

Teagertown, p.T. 

Tell* tp. 

Tell tp. 

Tellow  Bank. tp. 

Tellow  Creek* tp. 

Tellow  Creek  * tp. 

Tellow  Creek tp. 

Tellow  Head tp. 

Tellow  Springs tp. 

Tellow  Springs p.T. 

Tellyille - p.T. 

Telvington p.y. 

Temassee p.tp. 

Tocumtown p.T. 

Tonkers _ .c 

Toppim tp. 

Tork M.tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork M p.T. 

Tork M.....tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork _tp. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork* tp. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork. M p.tp, 

York- p.tp, 

Tork tp. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork-. p,y. 

Tork tp. 

Tork  ......M p.T. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork -tp. 

York ~..tp. 

York- tp. 

Tork M hV 

York- tp. 

Tork- M T. 

Tork- tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork-...MM M..p.tp, 


County. 


State. 


Iowa 

Carroll 

Bradford 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Wythe 

Clay 

Clay 

Miami „.... 

Dallas 

Greene 

Greene 

Dayidson 

Stokes 

Davidson 

Daridsou 

Tadkin 

Takima 

Deer  Lodge 

Caswell.- 

Caswell 

Placer 

Barry 

Warrick 

Tank  ton 

New  Loudon  .. 

Suffolk 

Bucks 

Cumberland... 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

McLean 

Lake 

Orleans 

Orleaus 

Woodson 

Knox 

Luzerne m. 

Schuylkill 

Tazoo- 

Mifflin 

Boone 

Webster 

Lac  Qui  Parle- 
Chariton  

Linn. 

Columbiana.... 

Kankakee 

Des  Moines 

Greene 

Marion 

Daviess 

Beaufort. 

Tork 

Westchester.... 

Chowan 

Carroll 

Clark- 

Clark 

Du  Page 

Benton 

Dearborn 

Blkbart. 

Noble 

Steuben- 

Switzerland.... 

Iowa 

Pottawattamie 

Tama 

Stafford 

Tork 

Washtenaw 

Fillmore 

Putnam 

Tork 

Liyingston 

Liyiugston 

Athens 

Belmont. 

Darke. 

Fulton 

Jefferson 

Medina 

Medina 

Morgan 

Sandusky 

Tuscarawas-... 
Union 


Wis.-., 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill 

Tenn. 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

N.  a.. 

N.  C... 
N.  C.-. 
N.  C-. 
N.  C.„. 
Wash. 
Mon-. 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 

Cal 

Mich... 
Ind.... 
Dak... 
Conn.. 
N.  T-. 

Pa. 

Me 

Mass.. 
Mass.. 

Ill 

Mich.. 
N.T-., 
N.  T-. 
Kan-., 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa. 

Miss-. 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Iowa .. 
Minn. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-. 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Ohio-. 
Ark. ... 

Ky 

8.C 

Pa. 

N.  T„. 
N.  0..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind...., 

Ind 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan... 

Me 

Mich.. 
Minn . 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  T„.. 
N.  T„. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


736 
1^1 
1,290 
1,219 


1,671 

2,479 

916 


6,377 

2,254 

954 

1,758 


133 
"2',*2Ce 


1,023 
"737' 


1,872 
2,423 


1,048 
2,014 


1,339 
349 


1,016 
3,126 
3,088 
1,492 
1,743 
1,435 


2,778 
i2,"733 


1,490 
1,090 


1,799 
433 
986 
906 

1,041 
867 
996 
564 
226 

1,000 


2,664 

1,676 

812 

1,484 


2,564 


2,662 

1,508 

797 

2,299 


916 
2,094 
1,041 
1,361 


736 

1,273 

1,406 

1,136 

231 

1,885 

1,418 

898 

732 

62 

7,026 

3,355 

816 

2,507 

465 

170 

129 

267 

100 

2,369 

337 

150 

984 

178 

3,431 

376 

424 

820 

2,021 

2,173 

536 

1,186 

257 

2,020 

190 

350 

eV9 

415 

708 

2,542 

532 

1,424 

423 

657 

730 

1,836 

3,968 

1,607 

2,094 

1,377 

346 

172 

3,316 

132 

18,892 

1,610 

1,621 

1,186 

271 

2,324 

717 

1,043 

1,000 

1,165 

1,021 

1,683 

811 

625 

1,149 

778 

2,463 

1,717 

962 

1,673 

1,269 

2,482 

277 

5,438 

1,420 

1,000 

2,572 

70 

992 

164 

1,112 

2,319 

1,080 

1,549 


Plac*. 


Tork M....tp. 

Tork „ p.b. 

York tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork tp. 

Tork tp. 

Torkshire tp. 

Torkshire p.y. 

Torkshire  Centre...p.v. 

Tork  Station p.v. 

TorkSulphurSprngs.pb 

Torktown tp. 

Torktown p.v. 

Torktown p.tp. 

Torktown y. 

Torktown p.y. 

Torktown p.v. 

Torkville p.T. 

Torkville p.T. 

Torkville .p.v. 

TorkTille t. 

Torkville b. 

Torkville p.v. 

Torkville p.h. 

Torkville p.tp. 

Tou  Bet p.v. 

Tonng* tp. 

Toung  1 tp. 

Toung  America tp. 

Toung  America p.v. 

Toung  America tp. 

Toung  America p.v. 

Toung  America p.h. 

Toung  Hickory tp. 

Touug's tp. 

Toungsport v. 

Toungstown p.h. 

Toungstown p.b. 

Toungstown p.y. 

Toungstown c. 

Toungstown tp. 

Toungstown v. 

Toungstown p.v. 

Toungsville p.T. 

ToungsTille t. 

Toungsville p.b. 

Tount tp. 

Tountsville p.v. 

Tountville p.v. 

Tpsilanti c. 

Tpsilanti tp. 

Treka tp. 

Yreka p.T. 

Tsleta p.T. 

Tuba -tp. 

Tucatan p.tp. 

Tuma c. 

Zaleski p.T. 

Zaue -tp. 

Zanesfield p.T. 

Zanesville tp. 

Zanesville h. 

Zanesville p.T. 

Zanesville c. 

Zapato -.p.T. 

Zeandale -tp. 

Zebulon p.T. 

Zealand tpw 

Zeeland p.T. 

Zelienople p.b. 

Zenorsville -p.T. 

Zif. p.tp. 

Zilwaukee tp. 

Zilwaukee p.T. 

Zimmerman p.b. 

Zimmermantown  ..h. 

Ziou p.h. 

Zion tp. 

Zions -p.tp. 

Ziousville p.v. 

Ziousville p.T. 

Zoar -p.T. 

Zuma tp. 

Zumbro tp. 

Zumbrota -tp. 

Zumbro  ta p.T. 

Zwlngle h. 


Ooanty. 


State. 


Van  Wert- ™ 

Tork.- 

Tork- 

Tork 

Clark 

Dane 

Green 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Sumter 

Adams 

Henry 

Delaware 

Westchester 

Carbon 

De  Witt- 

Tork 

Brown 

Kendall 

Dearborn 

Oneida 

Schuylkill 

Tork 

Gibson 

Bacine 

Nevada 

Indiana. 

Jefferson 

Edgar. 

Cass 

Carver 

Carver 

Washington 

Fulton 

Laurens- 

Suffolk 

Warren 

Vigo 

Niagara. 

Mahoning 

Mahoning- 

Stark 

Westmoreland.... 

Sullivan 

Franklin 

Warren 

Napa 

Montgomery 

Napa. 

Washtenaw- 

Washtenaw- 

Siskiyou 

Siskiyou 

EI  Paso.- 

Sutter 

Houston. 

Tuma. 

Vinton 

Logan 

Logan 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Wells. 

Muskingum- 

Coetilla- 

Eiley 

Pike 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Butier 

Boone 

Wayne 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Greene 

Schuylkill 

Centre 

Orangeburg 

Steams 

Boone. 

Lehigh 

Tuscarawas. 

Bock  Island 

Wabasha 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Jackson....- 


Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

8.  C 

Wis...... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  T 

N.  T 

N.  T„.., 

Ala 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  T 

Pa 

Tex 

Va 

Dakota, 

111 

Ind 

N.  T 

Pa. 

S.  C 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Cal 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Wis.-... 

Ill 

8.  C 

N.  Y-.„ 

111 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

N.  T-... 
N.  0. — 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ind 

Cal 

Mich.... 
Mich ... 

Cal 

Oal 

Tex-.... 

GaL 

Minn ... 
Arizona 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

111-. 

Ill 

Ind: 

Ohio — 

Col 

Kan-... 

G&- 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

P»- 

Iowa.M. 

Ill 

Micb..M 
Mich.... 
Ohio-... 

Pa- 

Pa- 

8.  C 

Minn.M 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn.M 
lowft.... 


Population. 


1870.    issa 


11,003 
2,694 
3,200 


1,068 
1,088 
1,676 


366 
669 


2,626 


663 


1,687 


1,660 
954 

687 


823 


792 
1,961 


8,076 
2,762 


301 


462 
1,252 


6,471 

1,661 

1,816 

1,063 

799 

998 

610 


879 

282 

1,901 


10,011 


2,343 


387 


480 
1,163 


471 
066 

"32*6 
787 
468 
784 


1,364 

13,940 

2,379 

4,248 

477 

983 

1,049 

1,784 

257 

430 

232 

378 

740 

331 

2,481 

1,039 

430 

260 

161 

366 

103 

296 

640 

1,330 

99 

1,632 

196 

1,376 

909 

1,274 

236 

979 

161 

64 

866 

2,343 

299 

85 

39 

600 

16,436 

6,740 

248 

294 

113 

117 

606 

2,068 

104 

256 

4,984 

1,459 

2,656 

1,069 

1,463 

1,304 

844 

1,200 

1,176 

939 

307 

1,066 

86 

228 

18,113 

132 

669 

245 

2,716 

484 

497 

266 

426 

1,630 

916 

98 

76 

66 

1,672 

661 

866 

160 

291 

692 

838 

904 

797 

66 


I 


>  Since  1870,  part  to  Songer. 
•  In  1870,  part  to  Amaqua. 
»  In  1874,  part  to  Salt  Creek. 


*  In  1870,  part  to  Bucklin. 

*  In  1873,  parts  to  Norwalk  and 

Minden. 


•  In  1870,  including  Jackion- 
Tille. 


T  In  1870,  including  ClayTlll*. 


419 


EXPLANATIONS. 


I 


SUGGESTIONS  RELATING  TO  THE  SYSTEM  OF  PRONUNCIATION. 

Thb  primary  or  principal  accent  in  any  name  is  marked  thus  (') ;  the  secondary  thus  (^) ;  as  Fas^sa 

MAQtTAD'DT. 

When  the  ri^hi  or  left  bank  of  a  river  is  spoken  of,  the  speaker  or  reader  is  supposed  to  be  looking 
down  the  stream,  or,  in  other  words,  going  with  the  current. 

When  two  or  more  names  with  the  same  spelling  occur  in  succession,  and  the  pronunciation  of  the 
first  only  is  given,  it  is  intended,  as  a  general  rule,  that  all  shall  be  pronounced  alike. 

The  pronunciation  of  a  name  is  distinguished  from  the  name  itself  by  its  not  beginning  luith  a  capital. 
When,  immediately  after  a  name,  there  occurs  one  or  more  names  in  capitals,  or  beginning  with  a  capital, 
enclosed  in  a  parenthesis,  these  are  to  be  understood  as  different  modes  of  writing  the  first ;  but  if  thA 
word  enclosed  begins  with  a  small  letter,  it  is  merely  the  pronunciation  of  the  first  name. 

Every  letter,  or  combination  of  letters,  occurring  in  the  pronunciation  of  a  word  or  name,  is  to  be  pro- 
nounced with  its  proper  English  sound ;  for  example,  g  must  be  hard,  as  in  get,  give,  soft  g  being  always 
represented  in  the  pronunciation  by  j;  eh  must  be  sounded  as  in  chill,  choose,  &c.,  and  nstzb  as  ah. 

In  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  European  names,  care  should  be  taken  not  to  allow  ft  to  fall  into 
the  third  or  broad  sound  of  this  vowel,— an  error  to  which  American  and  English  speakers  are  very 
prone.  It  would  be  much  less  a  fault,  generally  speaking,  to  pronounce  it  like  a  in  fat.  It  should, 
however,  be  observed  that  a  preceding  the  nasal  N*  in  French  is  usually  broad,  almost  like  o  in  not. 
(See  Introduction,  XVI.  19  and  20.) 

When  e  or  0  end  a  syllable  in  the  pronunciation  of  a  word,  they  are  always  to  be  pronounced  dis- 
tinctly with  their  first  sound  (as  in  me  or  no). 

O  marked  long  (0),  though  often  employed  in  English  names  in  order  to  show  merely  that  this 
letter  has  its  first  sound,  when  it  occurs  in  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  words  or  names,  always  indicates 
that  the  sound  of  the  vowel  is  to  be  prolonged.  In  like  manner,  5  indicates  that  this  letter  has  a  sound 
like  0  in  not,  to  be  pronounced  distinctly,  but  very  short. 

The  sound  of  u  before  a  vowel,  in  Spanish  words,  is  usually  represented  by  to.  Thus,  nuevo  is  pro 
nounced  nwa^vo,  which  is  nearly  equivalent  to  noo-a'vo.  In  Italian,  the  u  before  a  vowel  appears  to  be 
sounded  more  distinctly :  accordingly,  we  have  indicated  the  pronunciation  of  nuovo,  duomo,  by  noo-^vo, 
doo-o^mo.    In  these  cases,  noo-o  and  doo-o  are  to  be  pronounced  almost  in  one  syllable. 

Persons  who  have  not  had  considerable  practice  are  frequently  at  a  loss  to  understand  the  pronun- 
ciation of  names,  as  indicated  by  letters  and  accents.  In  determining  the  pronunciation  of  a  difficutt 
name,  it  is  important,  first,  to  sound  the  separate  syllables  distinctly,  going  over  the  word  carbhillt 
several  times ;  and,  lastly,  to  pronounce  the  whole  name  continuously  and  smoothly,  without  separating 
the  syllables  at  all,  at  the  same  time  taking  care  to  sound,  with  the  proper  force  and  fulness,  those  which 
are  marked  with  accents.  • 

It  is  believed  that  the  inexperienced  will  be  materially  aided  in  acquiring  the  art  of  reading  pro- 
nunciations by  seeing  the  same  pronunciation  expressed  in  two  or  three  different  modes,  as  exhibited  in 
the  following  examples : 


Alamed»^-ab-lah-may'dah,  or  &-l&-m&'d&. 

Nevada — nay-vah'dah,  or  D&-7&'d&. 

Apaohe — ah-pah'ohay,  &-p&'ch&,  or  &-p&toh'&. 

America — ah-mer're-kQh,  or  &-mir'e-k%. 

Canada — kan'ilh-diih,  or  k&n'a-d^. 

Chihuahua — ohe-w&'v&,  tohee-w&'w&,  or  ohee-wah'wah. 

Chiquitos— ohee-kee'tooe,  or  ohe-kee't6s. 

Lancbing — l&n-ohing',  or  lin-toheen"'. 


II. 

Nueva — noo-ay'vah,  noo-&'v&,  nway'vah,  or  nwi'vft. 
Nuovo — noo-o'vo,  nwo'vo,  or  noo-6'v6. 
Cbiana — ke-&'D&,  kyk'ni,  or  ke-ah'nah. 
Laoohiarella — l&-ke-&-rSl'l&,  or  l&k-7&-rSl'lah. 
Argentiire — aR^zh&s<>^te-aiR',  ar^zh&soHy&B',  or  ar^ahSs*'- 

te-aia'. 
Juan  (Sp.  pron.) — Hoo-&n',  or  Hv&n. 
Joao— zho-i'6s«»,  zho-Sww*',  zho-ah'ooH»,  ihwSn",  zhwik'bv. 


In  the  above  examples,  the  several  pronunciations  of  a  name  are  each  intended  to  convey  nearly  the 
same  sounds.  In  the  first  list,  viz.,  Alameda,  Nevada,  Apache,  &c.,  the  pronunciation  is  given  at  first 
without  figured  vowels ;  by  comparing  this  method  with  the  pronunciations  that  follow,  the  pupil  will 
more  readily  understand  the  signification  of  the  figured  vowels. 

421 


EXPLANATIONS. 


In  the  second  list,  Nueva,  Nuovo,  &c.,  noo-i — ,  noo-o — ,  ke-i — ,  li-ke-i — ,  and  — te-aiR  are  to  be 
pronounced  almost  like  nwi,  nwo,  kyi,  IJk-ya,  and  tyaiR  respectively.  Were  the  first  pronunciation 
only- given,  the  reader  might  be  in  danger  of  separating  the  syllables  (noo-i — ,  ke-i,  &c.)  too  much; 
if  only  the  latter,  he  might  not  sound  them  with  sufficient  distinctness,  the  true  pronunciation  being 
between  the  two.  To  one,  however,  at  all  acquainted  with  the  languages  to  which  those  names  belong, 
either  mode  of  representation  would  be  quite  sufficient  to  indicate  the  proper  pronunciation. 


SIGNS,  ETC.,  RELATING  TO  ORTHOEPY. 


A  has^T^  Boixiids,  represented  as  follows : 

i  as  a  in /ate, /able,  &o. 

i  as  a  in  /ather,  /ar,  or  in  the  last  syllable  of  mama. 

i  as  a  vD./all,  all,  being  equal  to  aw. 

&  as  a  \at,  /at,  ka. 

f,  obscure,  as  in  organ,  oval. 

ah  is  used  to  denote  a  sound  intermediate  between  &  and 
&,  as  al-a-bah'm^. 

E  has  three  sounds : 

i  (or  simple  e,  when  it  ends  a  syllable)  as  «  in  me. 

4  as  e  in  met,  merry. 

9,  obscure,  as  e  in  herih,  ravel. 

I  has  three  sounds : 

I  as  t  in  pine,  mine. 

I  or  i  as  i  in  pin,  pit. 

i,  obscure,  as  in  firm,  evil. 

0  has  three  sounds : 

6  (or  simple  o,  when  ending  a  syllable)  as  o  in  note,  no. 

ft  as  o  in  not,  hot,  &o. 

9  obscure,  as  in  sermon,  harbor. 

U  has  two  sounds : 

Q  (or  u,  ending  a  syllable)  as  u  in  tube,  hue. 

ft  as  w  in  tub,  /ur. 

Th  has  two  sounds : 

th  as  in  thin. 

TB  (small  capitals)  as  in  thit. 

8  has  a  sound  similar  to  the  French  eu,  or  nearly  like 
that  of  •  in  her.  It  may  be  anglicized  by  e.  (See  Intro- 
duction, XVII.  8.) 


ii  is  like  the  French  u,  being  intermediate  between  ee  and 
00.    (XIX.  5.) 

n  (small  capital),  in  the  pronunciation  of  a  name,  indi> 
cates  that  its  sound  is  nearly  similar  to  th  in  thi*. 

G  and  K  (small  capitals)  indicate  the  sound  of  the  Ger- 
man ch,  or  one  similar  to  it.     (V.  and  XVII.  19,  20.) 

H  (small  capital)  has  a  sound  nearly  similar  to  the  pre- 
ceding, but  more  resembling  a  stroDglj  aspirated  h. 

I  (Hiquid)  is  to  be  pronounced  like  lli  in  million :  it  blends 
the  sounds  of  I  and  y  consonant.    (XXIV.  13.) 

n  in  like  manner  blends  the  sounds  of  n  and  y  consonant. 

M  and  N  (small  capitals)  and  »"  are  nasal,  being  similar 
in  sound  to  ng.     (XVI.  19.) 

R  (small  capital)  has  the  sound  of  rr  in  terror.    ( XVI.  24.) 

u  (small  capital)  indicates  the  sound  of  the  French  eu. 
It  is  pronounced  nearly  as  u  in  tub  or  in  /ur. 

^  indicates  a  sound  similar  to  our  v. 

Fand  ey,  at  the  end  of  an  unaccented  syllable,  sound 
like  «  in  me. 

At  and  ay  are  considered  to  be  equivalent  to  a  in  /ate. 

Au  and  aw  hare  the  sound  of  a  in /all. 

ii  indicates  a  sound  similar  to  t  in  pit  or  in  the  first  syl- 
lable of  tpirit. 

dw  or  ou,  as  in  now  or  our. 

Oh  is  employed  in  pronunciation  for  g  hard,  before  e  and  i. 

Sometimes  different  modes  are  adopted  to  indicate  the 
same  sound, — e.g.,  ee  instead  of  b  or  e.  The  object  has  been 
to  mark  the  true  pronunciation  in  a  manner  most  likely 
to  be  clearly  understood.  This  is  believed  to  be  of  more 
importance  than  absolute  uniformity. 


ABBREVIATIONS,  ETC. 

A  VERY  few  abbreviations  (those  only  which  are  sanctioned  by  general  usage)  are  employed  in  the 
de»eriptive  portion  of  this  Gazetteer.    They  are  as  follows  * 
B. east  or  eastern. 


N. north  or  northern. 

S south  or  southern. 

W« west  or  western. 

The  following  abbreviations  relate  to  pronunciation,  &c. ; 

Adj Adjective. 

ano anciently. 

Arab Arabic. 

Dan Danish. 

Fr.        French. 

Ger.      Qerman. 

Or.        Greek. 

Hun Hungarian. 

inhab inhabitant. 


CO.  or  cos county  or  counties. 

lat.  latitude. 

Ion.  longitude. 

P.  or  Pop ,  Population. 


Int.     .   .   .   .   .   .'  .   V  .    .  Introduction. 

It.        . Italian. 

L Latin. 

Port.    . Portuguese. 

pron pronunciation. 

Huss Russian. 

Sp Spanish. 

Sw Swedish. 

Turk Turkish. 

To  avoid  a  repetition  of  the  same  name,  an  ellipsis  like  the  following  is  frequently  employed: 
"Lbbds,  a  town  of  England,  county  and  23  miles  W.S.  W.  of  Fork;"  meaning,  '<  in  the  county  of  York, 
and  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  city  of  York." 
422 


PRONOUNCING   GAZETTEER 


OF   THE 


WORLD. 


AA 

Aa^  &&,  a  contraction  of  the  old  German  Ahha,  and  the 
same  with  Aach  or  Ach,  signifies  "  flowing  water."  It  prob- 
ably has  the  same  root  with  the  Latin  Aqua,  (See  Aix-LA- 
Chapellb.) 

Aa,  ii  or  ij  the  name  of  a  multitude  of  little  streams  in 
Germany,  Netherlands,  France,  Ac,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  following : 

Aa,  an  affluent  of  the  Ems,  which  it  joins  at  Miinster. 

Aa,  or  Treider-Aa,  tri'd^r-i,  a  river  of  European 
Russia,  in  Livonia,  flowing  W.  into  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Aa,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  flowing  into 
the  North  Sea  near  Gravelines. 

Aa,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  forms  the 
lakes  Baldegg  and  Hallwyl,  and  joins  the  Aar  near  Aarau. 

Aa,  or  Sarner-Aa,  siB'n^r-l,  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  U  nterwalden,  traverses  Lakes  Lungern  and  Samen, 
and  enters  the  Lake  of  the  Four  Cantons  near  Alpnach. 

Aa,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  passes  Hel- 
mond,  and  joins  the  Dommel  at  Bois-le-Duo. 

Aa,  or  Grande-Aa,  gr6Nd-|',  a  river  of  Belgium,  in 
the  province  of  Antwerp,  is  a  tributary  of  the  Little  Nethe. 

Aa,  or  Straet-van-Aa,  str|t-v8,n-a.',  a  hamlet  of  Bel- 
gium, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.  It  gives  name  to  a  promi- 
nent family,  often  mentioned  in  the  history  of  Flanders. 

Aabenraa,  the  Danish  for  Apenrade. 

Aach,  3,K,  a  town  of  Baden,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Schaff- 
faausen,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Constance.     Pop.  914. 

Aachen,  k'K^n,  a  government  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
bordering  on  the  Netherlands  and  Belgium.  Area,  1604 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ruhr,  is  generally  fer- 
tile, produces  much  coal  and  lead,  and  has  large  and  varied 
mnnufactures.  Chief  towns,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Diiren,  Eupen, 
and  Esohweiler.     Pop.  in  1890,  664,666. 

Aachen,  a  city  of  Germany.    See  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

Aadorf,  i'doRf,  a  town  of  Switerland,  canton  of  Thur- 
gau,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  from  Frauenfeld.     Pop.  2121. 

Aaf  jord,  aw-fe-ORd',  a  fiord,  or  bay,  and  town  of  Norway, 
stift  of  Trondhjem,  is  the  seat  of  fisheries  and  of  a  large 
coastwise  trade.     Pop.  1800. 

Aagard,  aw'gaRd,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  North  Jut- 
land, 26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aalborg,  celebrated  for  the  battle 
of  St.  JUrgens  Berg,  a.d.  1441. 

Aakirkeby,  aw-k65R'k§h-bU\  a  town  of  Denmark, 
Island  of  Bomholm,  near  the  S.  coast,  with  a  church  of  black 
marble,  quarried  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  745. 

Aal,  awl,  a  town  of  Norway,  on  the  Ustedal,  120  miles 
N.W.  of  Bergen.  Pop.  4500. 
/^  Aalborg,  awl'boRO,  i.e.  "  Eel  Castle"  (L.  Albur'gum),  a 
city  and  seaport  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  Lymfiord,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Cattegat.  Lat.  67°  2' 
46"  N.;  Ion.  9°  65'  .38"  E.  It  is  a  bishop's  see;  has  a 
nautical  school,  a  royal  castle,  a  large  herring-fishery,  and 
manufactures  of  gloves,  pistols,  Ac.  It  exports  butter,  fish, 
and  grain,  and  is  famous  for  its  horses.  Pop.  (1890)  19,503. 
The  stift  of  Aalborg,  one  of  the  four  ecclesiastical  divisions 
of  Jutland,  has  a  pop.  of  221,544.  Area  of  the  amt  of  Aal- 
borg, a  political  division,  1133  square  miles;  pop.  83,314. 

Aalbnch,  |l'bo5K,  a  group  of  mountains  of  Germany, 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Alb  or  Swabian  Alps,  in  WUrtem- 
berg.     It  has  no  lofty  summits,  is  largely  covered  with 


/At^^z^^^^n^ 


AAR 

beech  forests,  and  has  two  historic  peaks, — the  Hohen- 
staufen  and  the  Hohenrechberg,  each  with  its  ruined  castle, 
— the  former  once  the  seat  of  an  imperial  family,  and  the 
latter  the  home  of  the  princes  of  Hohenrechberg. 

Aaleu,  I'l^n,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Kocher,  40  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  7165. 

Aalesuud,  aw'l§h-soond  ("Eel  Sound"),  a  seaport  town 
of  Norway.     Lat.  62°  24'  N, ;  Ion.  6°  5'  E.     Pop.  3658. 

Aalsmeer,  &ls'maiR,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  &  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  3158. 

Aalst,  |lst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra- 
bant, 3  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  616. 

Aalst,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Alost. 

Aalten,  |l'ten,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Gelderland,  on  the  Aa,  29  miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  6084. 

Aamodt,  or  Aamadt,  aw'mott,  a  town  of  Norway,  on 
the  Glommen,  86  miles  N.N.E.  of  Christiania.     Pop.  3000. 

Aar,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Ahb. 

Aar,  8,R  (anc.  Ohrin'ga),  a  river  of  Switzerland,  rises  in 
the  Grimsel  and  Schreckhorn,  canton  of  Bern,  forms  the  re- 
markable fall  of  Handeck,  traverses  the  lakes  of  Brienz  and 
Thun,  passes  Thun,  Bern,  Soleure,  and  Aarau,  and  falls  into 
the  Rhine  opposite  Waldshut.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
Rhine  to  Thun. — Aar  is  the  name  of  several  German  rivers. 

Aarafat,  a  mountain  of  Arabia.     See  Arafat. 

Aarau,  or  Aran,  i'rSw,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital 
of  the  canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Bern. 
Pop.  5449.  The  tunnel  of  the  Basel  &  Zurich  Railway 
passes  under  the  town.  Aarau  has  an  academy  and  library, 
manufactories  of  ribbons,  cotton  cloth,  mathematical  instru- 
ments, leather,  and  vitriol,  and  a  cannon-foundry. 

Aarberg,  &R'bdRG,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  on  an  island 
in  the  Aar,  12^  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1226. 

Aarbnrg,  or  Arburg,  aR'bCfiRG,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, on  the  Aar,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1879. 

Aardenbnrg,  S,R'd9n-bofiRa^  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  Zeeland,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Sluis.    Pop.  1686. 

Aared,  Arid,  Ared,  &'r^d,  or  Aroudh,  &'rood,  some 
times  designates  a  mountain-group  or  highland  of  Nedjed, 
in  Arabia,  near  the  Persian  Gulf;  but  more  frequently  it  is 
used  to  designate  a  province  in  Nedjed,  containing  Riad,  the 
capital  of  that  country.  It  has  much  fertile  soil.  Pop.  over 
100,000. 

Aargau,  iR'gSw  (Fr.  Argovie,  aR^goVee' ;  L.  Argo'via), 
a  canton  of  Switzerland,  bounded  by  the  cantons  of  Zurich, 
Zug,  Lucerne,  Bern,  Soleure,  and  Basel,  and  by  the  Rhine, 
which  separates  it  from  Baden.  Area,  503  square  miles. 
Pop.  201,567,  more  than  one-half  being  Protestants.  Surface 
undulating,  and  traversed  by  the  Aar,  Reuss,  and  Limmat. 
Soil  well  cultivated.  Vineyards  extensive.  Principal  man- 
ufactures, cottons,  silks,  and  linens ;  these,  with  straw  hats, 
cattle,  cheese,  and  com,  form  the  chief  exports.  The  name, 
which  is  German,  signifies  the  "  country  or  district  of  the 
Aar."     Capital,  Aarau. 

Aarhuus,  OR'hooce,  a  seaport  and  bishop's  see  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  on  the  Cattegat,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Molle-Aue,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Viborg.  Lat.  56°  9'  27"  N. ; 
Ion.  10°  12'  46"  ,E.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  lyceum,  museum, 
and  library,  various  manufactures,  and  regular  steam  com- 
munication with  Copenhagen.     Pop.  (1890)  33,308. 

Aarlauderveen,  ^R'lin-d^r- vain',  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
'-  423 


AAR 


424 


ABB 


erlands,  in  the  province  of  South  Holland,  17  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Haarlem.     Pop.  2828. 

Aarle-Rixtel,  iE'l^h-rlx't?!,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, North  Brabant,  3  miles  S.  of  Helmond.     Pop.  1540. 

Aarmuhle,  iR'moo-l^h,  a  village  and  railway  station 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  adjoining  Interlachen. 
Pop.,  with  Interlachen,  1896.  , 

Aaroe,  aw'ro'^h,  a  small  island  of  Prussia,  Sleswick,  in 
the  Little  Belt,  10  miles  E.  of  Hadersleben.  Opposite  the 
island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sleswick,  is  the  village  of  AarSe- 
eund,  aw'ro^^-soond'. 

Aaron )  a  peninsula  of  France.    See  Saint-Malo. 

Aaron,  a'r^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
in  Pleasant  township,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Aaron  Lake,  a  large  lake  in  Millerville  township, 
Douglas  CO.,  Minn.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Aaronsburg,  a'r9nz-burg,  a  post-village  in  Haines 
township.  Centre  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Bellefonte. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  carriage-shop,  and  chair- 
factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Aarschot,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Aerschot. 

Aarum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Arum. 

Aar'wood,  a  post-village  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Kalkaska.     Pop.  100. 

Aas,  is,  a  village  of  France,  Basses- Pyr6n6es,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Oioron.     It  has  mines  of  iron  and  lead.     Pop.  404. 

Aasgaardstrad,  is'giRd-strldS  a  village  of  Norway, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf'of  Christiania.     Pop.  460. 

Aast,  list,  a  village  of  France,  Bas8es-Pyr6n6es,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Montaner.     It  has  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  209. 

Aastad,  ah'st&d,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Wendell.     It  has  a  church. 

Aasy,  El,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Orontes. 

Aath,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Ath. 

Aba,  Sh^boh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  11  miles  S.  of  Stuhl- 
weissenburg.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2997. 

Ababde,  &-bib'dfh,  Shek-Abade,  shik-i-b&'d^h, 
or  Sheik  Abadeh,  shi'ik  i-bi'd^h,  a  village  of  Middle 
Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  8  miles  S.  of  Beni 
Hassan.  Lat.  27°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  57'  E.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  the  ancient  Antinoe,  or  Antinobpolie,  a  city  built  by 
the  Emperor  Hadrian,  and  named  from  his  favorite  Anti- 
nous,  who  was  drowned  in  the  Nile.  These  remains,  which 
are  entirely  Roman,  are  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  a 
still  more  ancient  city,  named  JBesa,  famed  for  its  oracles, 
and  mentioned  by  Abulfeda  under  the  name  of  Ansina,  or 
Anaineh,  by  which  the  place  is  still  sometimes  designated. 
Little  of  it  now  remains  except  its  theatre,  the  substructure 
of  various  buildings,  and  the  hippodrome  without  the  walls. 

Abacaxis,  &-b&-k&-shee8',  a  river  of  Brazil,  passes 
through  Lake  Guaribas,  and  falls  into  the  Furo  or  Mauhe, 
an  affluent  of  the  Amazon.     Lat.  4°  S.;  Ion.  58°  30'  W. 

Abaco,  &'b&-ko,  or  Lncaya,  loo-ki'y&,  one  of  the 
Bahama  Islands,  80  miles  in  length  by  about  20  in  breadth. 
A  natural  perforation  of  the  rock  at  its  S.E.  point  forms  a 
landmark  well  known  to  seamen  as  the  Hole  in  the  Wall. 
Lat.  of  light-house,  25°  51'  30"  N.;  Ion.  77°  10'  45"  W.; 
elevation,  160  feet.     Pop.  2362. 

Little  Abaco,  28  miles  long,  lies  immediately  W.  of  the 
N.  extremity  of  the  above,  which  is  called,  for  distinotion, 
"Great  Abaco." 

Abad,  5b*6d',  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of  Middle 
Szolnok,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.,  with  Tisza-Szalok,  3890. 

Abadeh,  i-bi'd?h,  a  town  of  Persia,  110  miles  N.  of 
Sheeraz,  famed  for  its  gardens  of  delicious  fruit.     Pop.  5400. 

Abai,  or  Abay,  i-bi',  a  town  and  harbor  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  about  lat.  6°  21'  N. 

Abai,  or  Abay.    See  Bahr-el-Azrek. 

Abaite,  i-bl'ti,  a  river  of  Brazil,  flows  N.E.  into  the 
Sao  Francisco.     Length,  135  miles. 

Abakansk,  4-b&-kin8k',  a  fortified  town  of  Siberia, 
government  of  Yeniseisk,  on  the  Abakan,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Yenisei.  Lat.  54°  N.;  Ion.  91°  30'  E.  It  is  re- 
markable for  the  ancient  tombs  in  its  vicinity,  which  contain 
carved  work  of  an  extraordinary  character.     Pop.  2000. 

Abalak,  4-b&-llk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  S.E.  of  Tobolsk, 
on  the  Irtish ;  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  650. 

Aballaba,  ancient  town  of  England.    See  Appleby. 

Aballo,  the  ancient  name  of  Avallon. 

Abana,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Barrada. 

Abancay,  &-B&n-ki',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Apurimac,  and  of  the  province  of  its  own  name, 
on  the  Abancay,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cuzco.  Much  sugar  is 
raised  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  estimated  at  1500. 

Abanilla,  &-B&-neerya,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Abano«  i-b&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Padua. 


Pop.  3439.      It  is  famous  for  its  sulphureous  waters  and 
mud  baths,  much  resorted  to  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

Abasia,  &-b&sh'e-&,  or  Abad'za,  a  circle  in  the  Rus- 
sian government  of  Kooban,  in  the  Caucasus,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Bla«k  Sea,  and  S.  of  Abkasia.  It  is  divided 
by  a  mountain-range  into  two  parts, — Great  (or  Southern) 
and  Little  Abasia.     Pop.  42,000.    See  Abkasia. 

Abatagoush,  ab-a-ta-goosh',  a  large  bay  on  Lake 
Mistassini,  North- West  Territories,  Canada,  333  miles  N.  of 
Montreal.     On  it  is  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  post. 

Abatamagomaw,  ab-at-a-ma-go'maw,  a  lake  of  the 
North-West  Territories,  Canada,  272  miles  N.  of  Montreal, 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Nikoubau.  It  is  about  12  miles 
long  and  9  miles  wide,  and  is  crowded  with  low  rocky  islands. 
Copper  and  iron  ores  are  found  on  the  margin,  and  lime- 
stone and  building-stones  are  abundant.  Lake  Abatama- 
gomaw has  its  outlet  in  the  S.W.  part  by  one  of  the  branches 
of  the  Notaway  River. 

Abatis  Villa,  a  town  of  France.    See  Abbeville. 

Abatsho,  Abatscho,  3,-b&t'sho,  or  Abitsche, 
4-bit'sh§h,  a  large  town  of  Africa,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
navigable  river  Benuwe.     Lat.  7°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  50'  E. 

Abatzkaya,  &-b&ts-k&'y4,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Ishim,  125  miles  S.E.  of  Tobolsk.     Pop.  2000. 

Aba  Uj  Var,  5h^b6h'  oo^e  v&r',  a  county  or  district  of 
Hungary.     Area,  1117  square  miles.     Pop.  166,666. 

Abay,  a  town  of  Borneo.    See  Abai. 

Abb,  ibb,  a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  80  mile* 
E.  of  Mocha.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Abbadia,  ib-bi-dee'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  2  miles  W.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  1620. 
'    Abbadia,  &b-b&-dee'&,  a  town  and  port  of  Brazil,  on 
the  Areguitiba,  near  the  Atlantic,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Sergipo. 

Abbadia  San  Salvadore,  &b-b&-dee'&  s&n  sM-v&- 
do'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  1 7  miles  S.W.  of  Chiusi.  Pop.  3685. 
Near  it  is  the  "  Abbey  of  San  Salvadore." 

Abba- Jaret,  or  Abba-Jared.    See  Abba-Yareu. 

Abbasabad,  S,b-b4-s8,-bid',  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  on  the  Aras  (Araxes),  8  miles  S.  of  Nakhchivan. 

Abbasanta,  &b-b4-sA.n't&,  or  Aqua  Santa,  &k'w& 
sin'tfi,,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  province  of  Cagliari.    Pop.  1399. 

Abba-Yared,  Abba- Yaret,  or  Abba- Jaret,  S,b'- 
bi  yi'rfit,  a  mountain  of  Abyssinia.    Elevation,  14,918  feet. 

Abbaye,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  L'Abbaye. 

Abbaye  (ab'ba^)  Point,  upper  peninsulaof  Michigan, 
is  between  Huron  and  Keweenaw  Bays,  on  Lake  Superior. 

Abbenrode,  4b'b§n-ro^d§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Halberstadt.    It  has  paper-mills  and  iron-works. 

Abbeokoota,  Abbeokuta,  ib-be-o-koo'ti,  or  Ab- 
bekuta,  ib-be-koo'tA,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africa,  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  Egba,  kingdom  of  Yarriba  or  Yoruba, 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Badagry,  in  the  Bight  of  Benin.  It  is  built 
on  granite  hills  of  moderate  elevation.  Its  streets  are  nar- 
row and  irregular.  Its  population  was  composed  of  the  in- 
habitants of  a  number  of  towns  and  villages  destroyed  during 
a  war  that  took  place  in  1817 ;  and  since  that  period  Ab- 
beokoota has  become  the  important  place  it  now  is,  being 
about  2  miles  long,  and  nearly  as  broad,  with  a  pop.  of  about 
100,000. 

Abbeville,  ibbVeel'  (L.  Abatis  Villa),  a  fortified  town 
of  France,  department  of  Somme,  on  the  Somme,  12  miles 
from  the  English  Channel,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens,  on  the 
Railway  du  Nord  and  the  Canal  de  la  Somme.  Pop.  18,208, 
It  is  well  built,  with  houses  mostly  of  brick,  some  fine  public 
edifices,  especially  the  cathedral,  a  large  cloth-factory  founded 
in  1669,  and  manufactories  of  velvet,  bonnets,  carpets,  and 
cordage.  It  has  a  great  trade  in  grain,  oil-seeds,  wines,  Ac. 
Vessels  of  150  tons  come  up  the  Somme  to  Abbeville. 

Ah'beville,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  10U6  square  miles,  of  which  about  one- 
fourth  is  woodland.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Savannah  River,  which  separates  it  from  Georgia,  and  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Saluda,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, maize,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Columbia  &  Greenville  Railroad. 
Capital,  Abbeville.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,129;  in  1880,  40,815; 
in  1890,  46,854. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
about  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  465. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  on  the  Savannah,  Americus 
&  Montgomery  Railway,  60  miles  E.  of  Americus,  and 
about  130  miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  657. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vermilion  parish, 


ABB 


425 


ABE 


La.,  is  oa  the  Vermilion  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Ope- 
lousas.  Ir  has  2  newspapers,  4  churches,  a  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons,  cisterns,  and  brick.     Pop.  637. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Oxford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  female 
academy,  and  a  school  for  boys.     Pop.  about  200. 

Abbeville  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  on  a  branch  of  the  Columbia  &  Green- 
ville Railroad,  107  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Columbia.  Two 
weekly  papers  are  published  here.  It  has  5  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy  and  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton-seed  oil  and  fertilizers.     Pop.  in  1890,  1696. 

Abbeyfeale,  ab^be-fail',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lim- 
erick, on  the  Feale,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Rathkeale.     Pop.  993. 

Abbeyleix,  ab*be-lice',  a  town  and  parish  of  Ireland, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Maryborough.     Pop.  of  town,  1247. 

Ab'beyville,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co..  0.,  5  miles 
from  Medina,  and  about  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Abbiategrasso,  ib-be-i'ti-gris'so,  or  Biagrasso, 
be-i-gris'so,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  on  a  railway,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  10,039. 

Ab'bieville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Abbitib'bi,  a  lake  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Can- 
ada, in  lat.  49°  N.,  Ion.  78°  10'  W.  Length,  60  miles; 
breadth,  20  miles.  It  is  studded  with  islands,  and  has  its 
outlet  in  Abbitibbi  River.     Elevation,  733  feet. 

Abbitibbi,  a  river  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Can- 
ada, rises  in  the  high  lands  above  Lake  Temiscamingue,  lat. 
48°  10'  N.,  Ion.  79°  30'  W.,  and  after  a  course  of  200  miles 
joins  the  Moose  River. 

Abbondanza,  a  town  of  Savoy.    See  Abondance. 

Ab'bot)  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in  Abbot 
township,  on  the  Piscataquis  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Dover, 
and  1  mile  from  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  liunber, 
flour,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  712. 

Abbot,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  534. 

Abbotabad',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  180  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  4483. 

Abbotsbury,  ab'b9ts-ber-i,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dorchester.    Pop.  of  parish,  1065. 

Ab'botsford,  the  celebrated  seat  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
in  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Tweed, 
near  Melrose  Abbey,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh. 

Abbotsford,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  at  a 
railway  junetiqn,  22  miles  N.  of  Marshfield,  and  55  miles 
B.  of  Chippewa  Falls. 

Ab'bots-Laugiey  (lang'lee),  a  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Herts.  This  is  the  birthplace  of  Nicholas  Breakspear, 
afterwards  Adrian  IV.,  the  only  Englishman  who  ever 
became  pope. 

Ab'bott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  Iowa,  11  miles  N.  of  Eldora.  It  has  a  church. 

Abbott,  a  post-village  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Salem.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Ab'bott's,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  716. 
It  contains  Abbottsburg. 

Ab'bottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington.    It  has  2  churches,  and  turpentine-works. 

Ab'bott'8  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo,  near  Abbott's  Road 
Station  on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Abbott's  Creek,  Davidson  co.,  N.C,  runs  southward 
and  enters  the  Yadkin  River. 

Abbott's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C, 
7  miles  from  High  Point,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Salis- 
bury.    It  has  2  churches,  and  1  distillery. 

Abbottsford,  a  post-village  of  Benson  co.,  N.D.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Minnewaukon. 

Ab'bottsford,  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec, 
Canada,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Granby.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Ab'bottstown,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  is  at 
the  borough  of  Berwick. 

Abbot  Village,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
in  Abbot  township,  on  the  Piscataquis  River  and  the  Bangor 
A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  10  miles  west  of  Dover.  It  has  1 
church,  1  carriage-factory,  and  a  summer  boarding-house. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Abbot  Village,  a  name  applied  to  the  lower  or  north- 
western extremity  of  the  village  of  Andover,  Mass.  The 
Shawsheen  River  affords  water-power.  Woollen  goods  and 
shoe-thread  are  manufactured  here. 

Abb's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 
Ab'byville,  a  post-borough  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  on 
28 


the  Staunton  River,  6  miles  above  Clarksville,  and  about  1 
mile  from  the  Dan  River.     It  has  3  churches. 

Abcheron,   a  peninsula  in  Russia.    See  Apsberom. 

Abcoude,  &b-k5w'dQh,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Vecht,  and  on  the  Amsterdam  &  Amhem  Railway,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht. 

Abdatzk,  &b-d&tsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ishim.     Pop.  2000, 

Abd-el-Curia,  ibd-41-koo're-ft,  or  Abd-nl-Koo'- 
ree  (or  -Kouri),  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  11" 
55'  N.;  Ion.  52°  30'  E.  It  is  inhabited  by  about  70  familiei 
of  Arabs. 

Abd-el-Kooree,  Abd-el-Kouri,  Abd-ul- 
Kuri,  4bd-el-koo'ree\  or  Palinu'rus  Shoal,  a  danger- 
ous reef  of  rock  and  coral,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia,  in  lat. 
14°  64'  50"  N.,  Ion.  50°  45'  20"  E.  j  discovered  by  Captain 
Haines  in  1835.  It  extends  1860  yards  from  N.N.E.  to 
S.S.W.,  with  a  breadth  of  from  300  to  600  yards.  It  is  8i 
miles  distant  from  the  nearest  land,  bearing  N.  by  W.  Be- 
tween the  shoal  and  the  shore  there  is  a  depth  of  120 
fathoms,  hvit  the  safest  navigation  is  to  seaward. 

Abde'ra,  a  famous  Greek  city  of  ancient  Thrace,  whose 
ruins  are  on  the  Turkish  coast  of  the  .fflgean  Sea,  N.E.  of  the 
island  of  Thaso. 

Abdera,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain.    See  Adka. 

Abdie,  ab'dee,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife.  Pop. 
1 164.  The  battle  of  Blackearnside,  between  the  Scots,  under 
Wallace,  and  the  English,  was  fought  in  this  parish. 

Abdulpoor',  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces, 
district  of  Ghazipoor.  Lat.  25°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  44'  E.  Pop. 
6634. 

Abeakeuta,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Abbeokoota. 

A'bel,  a  post-oflfice  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Abellinum,  an  ancient  city  of  Naples.    See  Avellino. 

Abeuberg,  i'b^n-bfiBO^  a  small  town  of  Bavaria,  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1440. 

Abendberg,  fi,'b§nd-bSRG^  a  mountain  in  the  Swiss 
canton  of  Bern,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Thun.  Height, 
4124  feet. 

Abenheim,  3,'b§n-hime\  a  village  of  Germany,  Grand 
Duchy  of  Hesse,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1460. 

Abensberg,  i'b^ns-bfiRO'  (anc.  Abusinaf),  a  manufac- 
turing town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Abens,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Rat- 
isbon.  It  has  a  castle  and  mineral  baths.  Here  Napoleon 
defeated  the  Austrians,  20th  April,  1809.     Pop.  1816. 

Aberaeron,  or  Aberayron,  ab-fr-i'r9n,  a  seaport 
of  Wales,  CO.  and  on  the  Bay  of  Cardigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Aeron,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  600. 

Aberavon,  or  Aberafon,  ab-§r-i'v9n,  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough  and  a  railway  station  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Glamorgan,  6  miles  E.  of  Swansea.     P.  (1891)  6281. 

Aberayron,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Aberaeron. 

Aberbrothock,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Arbroath. 

Ab'ercorn,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  Canada, 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern  Railway. 
72  miles  S.E.  of  MontreaL     Pop.  200. 

Abercrombie,  village  of  Quebec.    See  Sainte  Adele. 

Ab^erdare',  a  town  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil,  with  stations  on  the  Vale 
of  Neath  and  Taflf  Vale  Railways.  Pop.  37,774.  It  ha* 
extensive  collieries  and  iron-  and  tin-works. 

Ab^erdeen',  or  Aberdeenshire,  ab^^r-deen'shjr,  a 
county  of  Scotland,  having  on  the  N.  and  E.  the  North  Sea, 
and  on  the  other  sides  the  counties  of  Forfar,  Perth,  Kin- 
cardine, Banff,  Elgin,  and  Inverness.  Area,  1970  square 
miles.  Pop.  281,331.  In  the  S.W.  are  some  of  the  highest 
mountains  in  Scotland,  including  Ben  Macdhui,  4305  feet. 
Chief  rivers,  Dee  and  Don.  More  cattle  are  bred  in  this 
than  in  any  other  Scotch  county.  Extensive  salmon-fish- 
eries are  on  the  coast  and  in  the  Dee.  Principal  manufac- 
tures, woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  goods.  This  county  return* 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ab^erdeen'  (L.  Aberdo'nia,  or  JDeva'na),  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough  and  seaport  of  Scotland,  capital 
of  the  county  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  of  Scotland,  between  the  Don  and  the  Dee,  at  their 
entrance  into  the  North  Sea,  111  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Edinburgh.  Lat.  of  observatory,  57°  8'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  6'  7'' 
W.  Pop.  of  parliamenUry  borough  (1891),  112,923.  The 
borough  consists  of  the  following  towns,  viz. : 

Old  Aberdeen,  on  the  Don,  here  crossed  by  two  stone 
bridges.  The  populatioD  of  this  city,  as  distinct  from  the 
parish,  is  only  1951.  Chief  buildings,  the  cathedral,  erected 
about  1367,  King's  College,  founded  in  1494,  a  neat  town- 
house,  the  trades'  hospital,  Ac.  The  haven  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Don  admits  only  small  vessels,  and  Old  Aberdeen,  having 
little  trade,  depends  mostly  for  support  on  its  university. 


ABE 


426 


ABI 


New  aberdebNj  upon  the  N.  bank  of  the  Dee,  near  its 
mouth,  1  mile  S.  of  Old  Aberdeen.  It  is  a  handsome  city, 
with  spacious  streets,  and  houses  built  of  granite.  Here  are 
a  town-house,  court-house,  and  prison,  a  cross  erected  in 
1686,  a  spacious  market,  two  bridges  across  the  Dee,  and 
one  over  a  ravine  within  the  city,  many  banks,  churches, 
schools,  and  hospitals,  the  county-rooms,  and  Marischal 
(mar'shal)  College,  a  Free  Church  divinity  school,  a  fine  post- 
oflSce,  and  numerous  other  public  buildings.  The  construc- 
tion of  a  granite  pier,  2000  feet  long,  with  other  improve- 
ments, has  made  the  harbor  one  of  the  best  in  this  part  of 
Scotland.  At  its  entrance  is  Girdleness  light-house,  with 
two  lights.  New  Aberdeen  has  flourishing  manufactories 
of  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  goods,  carpets,  machinery,  rope, 
leather,  paper,  soap,  combs,  chemicals,  hosiery,  and  sail- 
cloth, with  extensive  iron-foundries,  breweries,  ship-yards, 
and  distilleries.  Aberdeen  sends  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  its  university,  with  that  of  Glasgow,  sends 
another.  King's  College  and  Marischal  College  (founded 
by  George  Keith,  Earl  Marischal,  in  1593)  together  now 
form  the  University  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  (18911  121,905. 

Aberdeen,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  and  Baltimore  <& 
Ohio  Railroads,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  extensive  fruit- 
and  vegetable-packing  industries.     Pop.  in  1890,  448. 

Aberdeen,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  about  28  miles  above  Co- 
lumbus, and  540  miles  by  water  from  Mobile.  Branch  rail- 
roads converging  at  Aberdeen  connect  it  with  the  main 
lines  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  & 
Birmingham,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  systems. 
Large  steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  point,  which  fs 
regarded  as  the  head  of  navigation,  though  lighter  craft 
ascend  to  the  upper  river  and  its  tributaries  for  freighting 
purposes.  Aberdeen  has  fine  Federal  and  county  court- 
houses, 8  churches,  an  opera-house,  2  banks,  several  flour- 
mills,  steam-gins  and  cotton  warehouses,  a  graded  school- 
house  erected  at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  and  manufactures  of 
wagons,  brick,  spokes,  ice,  machinery,  lumber,  <fec.  It  has 
several  flowing  artesian  wells.  About  25,000  bales  of  cotton 
are  shipped  here  annually.     Pop.  (1890)  3449. 

Aberdeen,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Hunting- 
ton township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Maysville,  and 
about  60  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  large  tannery.     Pop.  871. 

Aberdeen,  a  city  of  South  Dakota,  the  capital  of 
Brown  co.,  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  82  miles 
N.  of  Huron.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  a  system  of 
graded  schools,  several  flowing  artesian  wells,  which  fur- 
nish abundant  water-power,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and 
shoes,  soap,  machinery,  ploughs,  flour  and  feed,  &c.  Seven 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3172. 

Aberdeen,  a  city  of  Chehalis  co..  Wash.,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Gray's  Harbor,  about  12  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Monte- 
sano.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
shipyard,  a  foundry,  and  extensive  lumber  manufactories. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1638. 

Aberdeenshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.  See  Aberdeen. 

Aberdour,  ab^§r-door',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kirkcaldy. 

Ab^erdo'vey,  a  seaport  of  Wales,  in  Merionethshire, 
on  the  estuary  of  the  Dovey,  and  on  the  Welsh  Coast  Rail- 
way, 10  miles  N.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  1408. 

Aberffraw,  ab-§r-fr5w',  a  seaport  and  parish  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Anglesea,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newborough. 

Aberfoil,  ab'^r-foil,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala., 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Union  Springs.  It  has  the  Aberfoil  Acad- 
emy and  4  churches. 

Ab'erford,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tadcaster.    Pop.  619. 

Aberfoyle,  ab'§r-foil',  a  village,  parish,  and  defile  of  the 
Srampians,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth.  Pop.  432.  This  is 
the  scene  of  much  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Rob  Roy." 

Abergavenny,  ab'§r-gi'ne  (L.  Gobanium),  a  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  on  the  Usk,  and  on  a 
railway,  13  miles  W.  of  Monmouth.     Pop.  4803. 

Abergeley,  ab'§r-ghee'le,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Den- 
bigh, on  a  railway,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Asaph.   Pop.  3194. 

Abergwain,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Fishguard. 

Aber-Hondey,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Brecon. 

Ab^erla'dy,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
CO.  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Haddington.     Pop.  477. 

Abermaw,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Barmouth. 

Abernathy,  ab-^r-nath'e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne 
CO.,  Ala.,  25  miles  W.  of  Carrollton,  Ga.    It  has  2  churches. 

Abernethy,  ab'^r-neth-e,  a  town  and  parish  of  Scot- 


land, cos.  of  Perth  and  Fife,  at  the  estuary  of  the  Tay,  6i 
miles  S.E.  of  Perth.  Pop.  of  town,  953.  It  is  supposed  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  metropolis  of  the  Picta:  a 
curious  ancient  round  tower  stands  in  the  churchyard. 

Abernethy,  or  Longtown,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  75  miles  S.  by  E.  from  St.  Louis. 

Abersychan,  ab'§r-suck^an,  a  town  of  England,  in 
Monmouthshire,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newport,  to  which  a 
railway  extends.  It  has  iron-works  and  coal-mines.  Pop. 
in  1881,  14,569;  in  1891,  15,296. 

Abertam,  or  Abertham,  &-bSR't&m,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, on  the  Vistritz,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carlsbad.  It  ha« 
mines  of  tin,  cobalt,  and  silver.     Pop.  2808. 

Aber-Tawy,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Swansea. 

Abert  (i'b§rt)  Lake,  Oregon,  in  lat.  about  42°  45'  N., 
Ion.  120°  W.,  is  about  20  miles  long,  and  5  miles  wide.  It 
has  no  outlet. 

Ab'eryst'with,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  bor- 
ough, market-town,  and  seaport  of  Wales,  co.  and  33  miles 
N.  of  Cardigan,  on  two  railways,  and  on  the  Ystwith,  at  its 
mouth  in  Cardigan  Bay.     Pop,  (1891)  6696. 

Abesher,  or  Abechr,  a'b^sh'r,  called  also  Beshe 
(supposed  to  be  corrupt  forms  of  Aboo-Shehr),  a  town  of 
Soodan,  capital  of  Waday,  about  lat.  14°  N.,  Ion.  21°  E. 

Abessiuien,  the  German  for  Abyssinia. 

Abessinia,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Abyssinia. 

Abiad,  anameof  the  White  Nile.    See  Bahr-el-Abiad. 

Ab'ilene,  a  city,  capital  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  River,  and  on  three  railroads,  95  miles  W.  of 
Topeka.  It  has  10  churches,  3  banks,  2  academies,  4 
newspaper  offices,  3  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
bridges,  carriages,  Ac.  Large  droves  of  cattle  are  brought 
from  Texas  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3547. 

Abilene,  a  city  of  Texas,  capital  of  Taylor  co.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  161  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  7  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  Baptist  college,  a  pub- 
lic high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
saddlery,  harnejs,  lumber,  flour,  ice,  Ac.    Pop.  (1890)  3194. 

Abimes,  Les,  West  Indies.    See  Les  AbImes. 

Ab'ingdon,  a  borough  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Berks,  on  the  Ock,  where  it  joins  the  Thames,  and  on  a 
branch  railway,  51  miles  W.N.W.  of  London.  Pop.  5799. 
It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ab'ingdon,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  in  Cedar 
and  Indian  Point  townships,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Galesburg.  It  contains  Abing- 
don College  (Christian),  which  was  founded  in  1855,  Hedding 
College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  1  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  5  churches.  It  has  several  saw-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  gloves  and  organs.     Pop.  1700. 

Abingdon,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Polk  township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  222. 

Abingdon,  a  post- village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  4i  miles  from  Edgewood  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  106. 

Abingdon,  a  handsome  post- village,  capital  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  near  Walker's  Moun- 
tain, on  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  205  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lynchburg.  It  is  the  seat  of  Martha  Washington  Col- 
lege for  girls,  the  Abingdon  Male  Academy,  the  Stonewall 
Jackson  Institute,  and  has  2  banks,  a  convent,  a  Catholic 
academy,  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  tobacco  and  cigars,  brick,  woollens,  chairs, 
pipe,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1674, 

Ab'ington,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Pomfret  township,  about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Hartford. 
It  is  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  17  milea 
N.E.  of  Willimantic.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Abington,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  111.     Pop.  931. 

Abington,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in  Abing- 
ton township,  on  the  east  fork  of  Whitewater  River,  about 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  Pop.  161 ;  of  the  township, 
833.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Abington,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  has 
manufactures  of  machinery  and  of  boots  and  shoes.  It  con- 
tains villages  named  North  Abington  and  Abington,  on  the 
railroad.  Pop.  about  5000.  Abington  has  a  national  bank. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  in  this  township,  which 
has  5  churches. 

Abington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb.,  about  70 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln,  and  6  miles  from  Rogers  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Abington,  or  Waverly,  a  post-borough  of  Lacka- 
wanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 


ABI 


427 


ABS 


Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Soranton.  It  contains  4  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  353.  The  name  of  the  post- 
offico  is  Waverly,  and  that  of  the  railroad  station  Abington. 

Abington,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2362,  exclusive  of  Abington  borough. 

Abington,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co,  Pa.,  in 
Abington  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  2440.  Abington  township  contains  the 
village  of  Jenkintown,  and  also  an  Abington  Station  on  a 
oranch  railroad  extending  from  Conshohocken  to  Oreland. 

Abipones,  4-bo-po'nfis,  an  Indian  tribe  of  the  Gran 
Chaco,  Argentine  Republic,  E.  of  the  ParanSi.  They  are 
Catholics,  and  use  the  Spanish  language. 

Abiqniu,  ab^e-ku',  a  post-town  of  Rio  Arriba  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  F€,  and  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Tierra  Amarilla.  It  is  5891  feet  above  the  sea. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Abistada  (ib-is-ti'dS.)  Lake,  in  Afghanistan,  65  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Ghuznee,  in  lat.  32°  35'  N.  and  Ion.  68°  E.  It 
is  about  18  miles  in  length,  and  8  in  breadth.  It  is  shallow 
and  salt.  It  receives  the  Gliuznee  River,  and  several  smaller 
streams. 

Abita  (3,-bee'ti)  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Saint  Tammanj'  parish.  La.,  on  the  East  Louisiana 
Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Covington. 

Abitsche,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Abatsho. 

Abkasia,  ib-k4sh'e-i,  a  region  of  the  Caucasus,  on  or 
near  the  Black  Sea,  bounded  S.  by  Abasia,  with  which  it  is 
generally  confounded ;  but  it  is  governed  by  its  own  prince, 
subject  to  the  general  authority  of  Russia.  The  people  are 
mostly  Christians,  and  are  kindred  to  the  Circassians.   Area, 

3000  square  miles.   Pop.  79,000. Adj.  Abkasian,  ib-ki'- 

she-an.     Inhab.  Abkasian,  or  Abkas  (Abkase),  ib-kis'. 

Abla,  8,'bli,  a  town  of  Spain,  Granada,  province  of  Al- 
meria,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  2546. 

Ableman,  Wisconsin.     See  Rock  Springs. 

Abnicnm,  the  Latin  name  for  Anni. 

Abo,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Aboh. 

Abo,  o'boo,  or  Abo,  i'bo,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Rus- 
lia,  until  1819  the  capital  of  Finland,  on  the  Aurajoki,  near 
its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  60°  26'  58" 
N.;  Ion.  22°  19'  E.  Pop.  22,018.  It  is  an  archbishop's 
see.  It  was  formerly  the  seat  of  a  university,  removed  to 
Helsingfors  in  1827.  The  river  is  navigable,  and  its  mouth, 
3  miles  distant,  forms  a  good  port,,  protected  by  a  fortress. 
Abo  has  manufactures,  and  some  trade  with  Sweden  and 
Southern  Europe. 

Abo  Archipelago,  an  extensive  group  of  low  rocky 
islands  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  spread  along  the  S.  and  W.  coasts 
of  Finland,  opposite  the  city  of  Abo,  rendering  the  naviga- 
tion difficult  and  dangerous. 

Abo-Bjorneborg,  o'boo-be-oR'neh-boRg,  a  govern- 
ment or  Ian  of  Finland,  Russia,  on  the  Gulfs  of  Bothnia 
and  Finland.  Area,  9295  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Abo. 
Pop.  about  400,000, 

Aboh,  i'bo,  Ibo,  or  Eboe,  ee'bo,  a  town  of  Africa, 
on  the  Niger  (Quorra),  80  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Benin.  It  is  at  the  head  of  the  delta  and  in 
the  centre  of  the  palm-oil  region.  Lat.  5°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  6° 
25'  E. 

Aboite,  a-boit',  a  river  in  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  joins  Little 
River. 

Aboite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Aboite 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Wabash  A  Western  Railroad  and 
Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  Pop. 
of  township,  906. 

Abomey,  ab^o-mi',  or  Agbomey,  a  town  of  Africa, 
capital  of  Dahomey,  63  miles  N.  of  Whydah.  It  consists 
of  a  collection  of  villages,  surrounded  by  a  moat  and  an 
abatis  of  thorns,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  ivory,  oil,  and 
gold.     Pot).  24,000. 

Abonuance,  i^b6NMANs',  or  Abbondanza,  ib-bon- 
din'zS.,  a  town  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  12  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Thonon.     Here  the  vacAerte*  cheese  is  made.     Pop.  1438. 

Abony,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Nagy-Abony. 

Aboo,  or  Abu,  ah'boo,  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Ajmeer,  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Odeypoor. 

Aboo,  or  Abn,  a  mountain  of  India,  in  Rajpootana, 
68  miles  W.  of  Odeypoor,  is  nearly  6000  feet  in  height. 
It  is  a  sanitary  resort,  and  is  famous  for  its  Jain  temple, 
the  Vimla  Sah,  which  is  called  the  finest  in  India. 

Aboo-Arish,  or  Abu-Arisch,  4'boo-i'rlsh,  a  town 
of  Arabia,  capital  of  a  state  of  the  same  name,  24  miles  from 
the  Red  Sea.  Lat.  17°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  25'  E.  Pop.  8000. 
'  Aboo-Girgeh,  Abon-Girgeh,  or  Abn-Gir^eh, 


I 


&'boo-jeSR'J9h,  a  large  Fellah  town  of  Middle  Egypt, 
about  two  miles  W.  of  the  Nile,  and  60  miles  S.  of  Beni 
Sooef.     Lat.  28°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  50'  E. 

Abookeer,  Aboukir,  or  Abnkir,  &'boo-keeR',  a 
village  of  Egypt,  with  a  citadel,  on  the  promontory  at  the 
W.  extremity  of  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Alexandria.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Cano'- 
pue  or  Cano'bua. 

Abookeer  (or  Aboukir)  Bay,  N.  coast  of  Egypt, 
between  the  promontory  of  Abookeer  on  the  W.  and  the 
Rosetta  mouth  of  the  Nile  on  the  E.,  celebrated  for  Nelson's 
victory  over  the  French  fleet,  1st  of  August,  1798.  In  it 
are  CuUoden's  Reef,  and  the  small  island  of  Abookeer,  or 
Nelson  Island. 

Aboolonia,  Aboulonia,  &-boo-lo'ne-&,  or  Abulli- 
onte,  5,-boo-le-on'ti  (anc.  Apollo'nia  ad  Bhyn'dacum),  a 
village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  a  small  island  in  the  Lake  of 
Aboolonia,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bnisa.  It  has  about  300 
houses,  a  Greek  church,  and  several  remains  of  antiquity. 

Aboolonia  Lake,  of  Asia  Minor,  18  miles  in  length 
by  12  in  breadth,  30  miles  W.  of  Brusa.  It  is  studded  with 
small  islands,  is  traversed  by  the  Rhyndaous,  and  supplies 
Brusa  with  fish. 

Aboo-Sabel,or  Abu-Sabel,  i'boo-si'bel,  a  town  of 
Egypt,  18  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Aboo-Sambool,  or  Aboo«Slimbel,  a  town  of 
Nubia.     See  Ipsambool. 

Aboo-Shehr,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Bushire. 

Abootizh,  d,-boo-teezh',  Aboutiy,  Abutige,  or 
Abutisch  (anc.  A  hotis,  or  Abutis),  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt, 
on  the  Nile,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Sioot,  noted  for  its  opium. 

Aborrhas,  an  ancient  name  of  the  river  Ehaboor. 

Abou-Arisch,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Aboo-Arish. 

Abou-Girgeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  ABOO-GiRaEH. 

Aboukir,  a  bay  of  Egypt.     See  Abookeer. 

Aboulonia,  a  lake  and  village  of  Asia  Minor.  See 
Aboolonia. 

Abon-Sabel,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Aboo-Sabel. 

Abou-Saniboul,  or  Abou-Simbel,  a  town  of 
Nubia.    See  Ipsambool. 

Aboutij,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Abootizh. 

Abra,  i'bri,  a  mountainous  province  of  Luzon,  Philip- 
pine Islands,  near  its  centre.     Pop.  37,266. 

Abrams,  a  post- village  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Green  Bay. 

Abram's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
falls  into  the  Hudson  River,  4  miles  above  Hudson  City. 

Abrancae,  a  Latin  name  for  Avranches. 

Abrantes,  i-brin'tSs  (L.  Abran'tinm),  a  fortified  town 
of  Portugal,  Estremadura,  with  a  citadel  on  the  Tagus,  and 
on  a  railway,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  5590. 

Abrantes,  ^-br&n'tds,  a  town  of  Brazil,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Bahia,  near  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  2000, 

Ab'rego,  a  station  on  the  Monterey  &  Salinas  Valley 
Railroad,  near  Monterey,  Cal. 

Abresweiler,ib'r5s-^iM9r(Fr.  ^fcrescAfOiV^er.i^brfish^- 
viriaiR'),  a  village  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Saarburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass  and  paper.  Pop. 
1737. 

Abri^s,  4^bre-i',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Hautes-Alpes,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Briangon.     Pop.  1202. 

Abrincatinus   Fagns,  supposed  ancient  name  of 

AVRANCHIN. 

Abriola,  &-bre-o'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Basil)- 

oata,  10  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3017. 

Abrolhos,  4-brole'yoce  (Port,  for  "open  your  eyes," 
i.e.,  "  breakers  ahead"),  a  group  of  low  rocky  islands  oflF  the 
coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  17°  58'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  42'  W.  Another 
group  called  Abrolhos  lies  off  the  W.  coast  of  Australia,  be- 
tween 28°  and  29°  S.  lat.,  and  is  separated  from  the  main 
land  by  Geelvink  Channel. 

Abronia,  E-bro'n^-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  and  a  station  on  the  Kalamazoo  Division  of  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Allegan.  It 
is  also  called  West  Watson. 

Abrad-Banya,  ob'rood-bin'ySh,  a  town  of  Transyl- 
vania, commune  of  Unter-Weissenburg,  27  miles  N.W.  of 
Karlsburg.     Pop.  4129.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  gold-mines. 

Abruzzo,  i-broot'so,  a  country  and  former  division  of 
Italy,  forming  the  provinces  of  Chieti,  Teramo,  and  Aquila, 
respectively  known  also  as  Abruzzo  Citra,  Abruzzo  Ulteriore 
I.,  and  Abruzzo  Ulteriore  II.,  between  lat.  41°  40'  and  42° 
55'  N.,  on  the  Adriatic.  Area,  about  6000  square  miles. 
These  provinces,  with  Campobasso,  now  form  the  comparti- 
mento  of  Abruzzi  and  Molise.  Area,  6676  square  miles. 
Pop.  (1890)  1,360,378. 

Abscota,   ab-sko'ta,   a  nost-hamlet  of  Calhoun    co,„ 


ABS 


428 


ACA 


Mich.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  a  broom-factory. 

Abse'con,  or  Abse'com,  a  post-town  of  Atlantic  co., 
N.J.,  near  Absecon  Bay,  and  on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Atlantic  City.    It  has  2  churches. 

Absecon  Bay  is  about  5  miles  in  circumference,  having 
Absecon  Inlet,  immediately  north  of  Atlantic  City,  as  its 
principal  entrance.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Inlet,  at  Atlantic 
City  (lat.  39°  21'  55"  N.,  Ion.  74°  24'  32"  W.)  is  a  brick 
light-house,  with  a  fixed  white  dioptric  light  of  the  fin* 
order,  165  feet  above  sea-level. 

Ab-Sind,  the  Persian  name  of  the  Indus. 

Abu- Arisch,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Aboo-Arish. 

Abudos,  the  Greek  name  of  Abtdos. 

Abu-Girgeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Aboo-Gibgbh. 

Abukir,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Abookeer. 

Abullionte,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  ABOOLOifiA. 

Abury,  a  parish  of  England.    See  Avebury. 

Abu-Sabei)  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Aboo-Sabel. 

Abu- Sam  but,  a  village  of  Nubia.    See  Ipsambool. 

Abu-Shehr,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Bdshibe. 

Abu-Shehr,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Abesher. 

Abu-Simbel,  a  village  of  Nubia.     See  Ipsambool. 

Abusiuaj  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Abensberq. 

Abutige,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Abootizh. 

Aby'dos  (Gr.'A/Svfios,  Abudds),  an  ancient  oity  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  Hellespont,  on  the  site  pf  the  modern  fort 
Nagara.  Near  this  place  Xerxes  and  his  army  crossed  over 
to  Europe  on  a  bridge  of  boats.  The  story  of  Hero  and 
Leander  has  also  given  an  enduring  celebrity  to  Abydos. 

Abydes^in  Egypt.   -Spja  ABAgA^gBfc^jJAimQQJt. 

Abyssinia,  Abessinia,  ab-is-sin'e-a,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Habessinia  (Arabic,  Haheah,  hi'bSsh' ;  Fr.  AhyS- 
ainie,  i^bees^see^nee' ;  Germ.  AheBginien,  i-bes-see'ne-^n), 
a  country  of  Eastern  Africa,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E. 
by  the  Danakil  country  (lowlands  which  border  on  the  Red 
Sea)  and  the  country  of  the  Somalies  (a  portion  of  which 
lies  between  it  and  the  Gulf  of  Aden),  on  the  S.  by  the  coun- 
try of  the  Gallas,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Nubia.  Its  limits  ap- 
pear to  be  not  well  defined,  but  it  may  be  said  to  be  mostly 
included  between  lat.  7°  30'  and  16°  N.,  and  between  Ion. 
35°  and  42°  E.,  and  is  about  650  miles  long  and  550  miles 
wide.  It  was  comprised  in  the  ancient  Ethiopia,  and  is  now 
called  Itiopia  by  the  Abyssinians  themselves.  This  region, 
rising  somewhat  gradually  from  the  west,  but  descending 
most  abruptly  on  the  east  to  waterless  plains  which  lie  be- 
tween it  and  the  Red  Sea,  is  a  high  table-land,  on  which 
groups  of  mountains  rise  to  great  elevations,  some  of  them 
attaining  an  altitude  of  over  15,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
The  highest  known  peaks  are  those  of  the  Samen  oij  Semyen 
range,  near  the  course  of  the  Tacazze,  Ras  Dashan  being 
16,160  feet  and  Abba-Yared  14,918  feet  high.  The  table- 
lands or  plateaus  are  generally  from  6000  to  9000  feet  high, 
the  city  of  Adowa,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Tigr6,  being  6270 
feet  above  the  sea.  The  mountains  present  rugged  and  fan- 
tastic forms,  with  sides  frequently  abrupt  and  precipitous. 
The  surface  is  also  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and  remark- 
able ravines,  which  are  at  some  places  nearly  4000  feet  deep. 
Among  its  physical  features  is  Lake  Dembea  or  Tzana,  which 
is  near  Gondar,  and  is  about  50  miles  long.  The  principal 
rivers — namely,  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  or  Blue  Nile,  and  the 
Tacazze  or  Atbara,  with  their  affluents — are  tributaries  of 
the  Nile.  Abyssinia  has  no  navigable  streams.  Several  of 
its  rivers  are  lost  in  the  sands,  and  never  reach  the  sea. 
The  Hawash  traverses  the  S.E.  part,  and  enters  Lake  Aussa. 
The  floods  that  rush  down  the  Blue  Nile  and  the  Atbara  in 
the  rainy  season  contribute  largely  to  the  annual  inundation 
of  the  Lower  Nile  in  Egypt. 

The  climate  of  Abyssinia  is  generally  salubrious  and  agree- 
able. The  rainy  season  begins  about  the  middle  of  June,  and 
ends  near  the  30th  of  September.  The  great  elevation  of  the 
Borface  and  the  copious  summer  rains  render  the  tempera- 
ture of  Abyssinia  lower  than  that  of  Nubia  and  Egypt. 
Volcanic  and  metamorphic  rooks,  granite,  gneiss,  trachyte, 
sandstone,  Jurassic  limestone,  iron  ore,  and  salt  are  found 
here.  Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  elephant,  rhinoceros, 
lion,  hippopotamus,  hyena,  buffalo,  crocodile,  antelope,  leop- 
ard, and  monkey.  The  domestic  animals  of  this  country  are 
horses,  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  and  mules.  Eagles,  vultures, 
hawks,  parrots,  and  other  birds  are  numerous.  The  culti- 
vated grains  are  maize,  barley,  wheat,  millet,  peas,  and  teff 
{Poa  Ahyisinica),  a  herbaceous  plant  with  grains  not  larger 
than  the  head  of  a  pin.  Coffee  grows  wild,  and  sugar-cane 
and  cotton  are  cultivated  in  favorable  localities.  The  in- 
digenous and  cultivated  fruits  are  the  date,  orange,  peach, 
pomegranate,  grape,  banana,  and  lemon.  Salt  is  used  as 
currency  or  medium  of  exchange. 


Abyssinia  consists  of  three  great  divisions,  Amhara  in 
the  central  part,  Shoa  in  the  south,  and  Tigr6  in  the  nortk, 
each  being  divided  into  a  great  number  of  provinces  and 
minor  principalities.  Of  these  diAisions  TigrI  and  Amhara 
constitute  one  kingdom,  and  Shoa  another,  the  prince  of 
Tigrfi  having  annexed  Amhara  to  his  dominions  at  the  close 
of  the  war  with  Great  Britain  in  1868.  The  chief  town* 
are  Gondar,  in  Amhara,  the  nominal  capital  of  all  Ethi- 
opia, Ankober,  the  capital  of  Shoa,  and  Adowa,  the  capital 
of  Tigr6.  The  people  are  mostly  engaged  in  agriculture  and 
pastoral  pursuits,  and  have  made  little  progress  in  manu- 
factures or  civilization.  This  country  is  inhabited  by  dif- 
ferent tribes,  who  evidently  belong  to  distinct  races,  but  the 
Abyssinians  proper  may  be  considered  as  the  lineal  descend- 
ants of  the  great  Ethiopian  race  by  which  the  country  was 
originally  settled.  They  are  principally  the  inhabitants  of 
TigrI,  in  the  province  of  Hamasen  and  the  districts  of  En- 
derta  and  Geralta ;  the  people  of  Lasta,  a  province  on  the 
eastern  border  of  the  table-land ;  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Amhara,  Shoa,  and  Gur^ge  in  the  south.  Many  of  them  are 
well  formed,  with  regular  features,  dark  hair,  and  brown  or 
swarthy  complexion.  They  are  ignorant  and  superstitious, 
barbarous  and  warlike.  The  prevailing  religion  of  this 
country  is  a  corrupt  form  of  Christianity,  which  is  pro- 
fessed by  the  reigning  princes  as  well  as  by  a  majority  of 
the  people.  The  Christian  religion  was  introduced  here 
about  330  a.d.,  in  the  reign  of  Constantino.  The  Abys- 
sinians are  monophysites,  and  recognize  the  Coptic  patriarch 
of  Alexandria  as  the  head  of  their  church.  Their  imme- 
diate ecclesiastical  ruler  bears  the  title  of  "Abuna"  (our 
father),  and  is  consecrated  at  Alexandria.  He  resides  in 
Gondar.  The  Abyssinians  practise  circumcision  and  polyg- 
amy, and  regard  the  Virgin  as  the  queen  of  heaven  and  the 
great  intercessor  for  the  sins  of  mankind.  This  church  is 
divided  into  several  sects  or  parties,  so  inimical  to  each  other 
that  they  will  not  commune  together.  Their  literature  is 
composed  almost  exclusively  of  legends  of  saints  and  contro- 
versial works  of  theology.  Besides  the  Abyssinians  proper 
are  the  tribes  of  Agow,  residing  chiefly  in  Lasta  and  Agow- 
meder,  on  the  border  of  the  table-land ;  the  Falashas,  in 
the  northern  uplands ;  the  black  Gallas,  a  fierce  and  warlike 
tribe  who  have  invaded  the  arid  table-lands  of  the  south ;  to 
whom  may  be  added  the  Danakil  and  Adal  tribes,  inhabiting 
the  dry  lowlands  claimed  by  Egypt  along  the  shores  of  the 
Red  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean. 

In  the  year  1855  a  chief  of  superior  talents  obtained  the 
throne  of  Abyssinia,  and  took  the  title  of  Theodore  III., 
emperor  of  Itiopia.  He  gained  several  victories  over  the 
Gallas  and  other  enemies,  conquered  Shoa,  and  took  Anko- 
ber, the  capital,  maintaining  an  army  of  100,000  to  150,000 
men.  In  1864,  for  some  fancied  insult  on  the  part  of  the 
British  government,  he  imprisoned  the  British  consul  and 
other  British  subjects.  A  British  army,  commanded  by  Sir 
Robert  Napier,  invaded  Abyssinia  in  1868.  Theodore  shut 
himself  up  in  Magdala,  which  the  British  took  by  storm  in 
April,  1868,  and  there  found  the  dead  body  of  the  emperor, 
who  is  supposed  to  have  killed  himself,  fie  was  succeeded 
by  Prince  Kassai,  of  Tigr6,  who  was  crowned  as  King  Jo- 
hannes, and  after  his  death,  in  18S9,  Menelek  II.,  King 
of  Shoa,  became  ruler.  In  the  same  year  Abyssinia  became 
practically  an  Italian  protectorate.    Estimated  area,  196,000 

square  miles;  pop. 4,500,000. Adj.  and  inbab.  Abtssin- 

lAN,  or,  in  their  own  language,  Itiopyavan,  or  Itiopiaviait. 

Acabonac  (S,-kab'9-nak)  Harbor,  a  body  of  shoal 
water,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  town  of  Easthampton,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  eastern  extremity  of  Long  Island. 

Acade'mia,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  in  Beale 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Mifflintown.  It  has  an  academy, 
2  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Acad'einy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Academy,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Cynwyd  Station 
of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad.     Pop.  150. 

Academy,  West  Virginia.     See  Hillsborough. 

Academy  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa., 
6  miles  from  Elkland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  woollen- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Aca'dia,  or  Acadie,  the  original  name  of  Nova 
Scotia. 

Aca'dia  Mines,  a  post- village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Cobequid  Mountains,  3  miles  from  London- 
derry. Here  are  iron-  and  steel-works.  The  annual  pro- 
duction is  about  3000  tons  of  ore,  which  is  manufactured 
into  pig  and  bar  iron,  car-wheels,  and  cast  and  spring  steel. 
Pop.  1500. 

Acajutla,  &-k&-Hoot'l&,  a  seaport  town  of  San  Salvador, 


ACA 


429 


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Central  America,  on  the  Pacific,  about  950  miles  by  steamer 
from  Panama,  and  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  San  Salvador.  It 
was  once  a  large  town,  and  its  trade  is  yet  important. 

Ac'amas  Promonto'rinm,  ancient  name  of  Capk 
Saint  Epiphany. 

Acampo,  a-kam'po,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Kailroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Stockton. 

Acampsis,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  Chouuk. 

Acaponeta,  i-ki-po-ni'ti,  a  considerable  town  of 
Mexico,  175  miles  N.W..  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Acapulco,  i-ki-pool'ko,  a  seaport  of  Mexico,  on  the 
Pacifio,  in  the  state  of  Guerrero.  Lat.  16°  60'  N. ;  Ion. 
9y°  48' W.  It  has  a  noble  landlocked  harbor,  and  is  about 
200  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  1637  miles  from 
San  Francisco,  and  1836  miles  from  Panama.  It  is  a 
station  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company's  steamers, 
and  ships  hides,  cedar  timber,  and  fruit  to  San  Francisco. 
Pop.  5000. 

Acari,  4-ki-ree',  a  town  of  Peru,  lat.  15°  15'  S.,  Ion. 
74°  45'  W.,  20  miles  from  the  Pacific.     Pop.  6000. 

Ac^arna'nia,  a  district  of  Greece,  chiefly  between  lat. 
38°  20'  and  39'  N.,  and  Ion.  20°  45'  and  21°  30'  E.,  having 
N.  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  and  W.  the  Ionian  Sea.  With  ^tolia 
it  forms  a  modem  department  with  a  population  (1889)  of 
162,020. Adj.  and  inhab.  Acarnanian,  ak-ar-n4'ne-an. 

Acas'to,  a  post- village  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  on  Fox  River, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Keosauqua,  Iowa.  It  ha«  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs. 

Acatlan,  i-kS,-tl3,n',  a.village  of  Mexico,  80  miles  S.  of 
La  Puebla,  on  the  Yopez. 

Acayucan,  4-ki^oo-k3,n',  Acayucam,  or  San  Mar- 
tin de  Acayucam,  s^n  mar-teen'  dk  &-kroo-k&m',  a 
town  of  Mexico,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.     Pop.  1902. 

Acbarabad,  a  city  of  Hindostan.     See  Agra. 

Accadia,  ik-ki-dee'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.  of 
Bovino.     Pop.  4346. 

Accettura,  atch-5t-too'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.B. 
of  Potenza.     Pop.  4232. 

Accho,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Acciano,  it-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  1892. 

Ac'cident,  a  post-village  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  300, 

AccO)  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Acre. 

Ac^cokeck',  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Ac^comack',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  part  of  a  peninsula, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is 
sandy.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Accomack  Court-House.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  <fc  Norfolk 
Division  (Cape  Charles  Route)  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road system.     Pop.  in  1880,  24,408;  in  1890,  27,277. 

Accomack  Court-House,  or  Drummondtown, 
a  post-village,  capital  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  is  about  95 
miles  in  a  direct  line  E.  by  N.  from  Richmond,  3  miles 
from  the  ocean,  and  2  miles  from  Tasley  Station.  It  has 
4  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  2500. 

Ac^cord',  or  Port  Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  paper-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  millstones.     Pop.  300. 

Ac^cotink',  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Long  Branch  btation,  which  is  16  miles  S."W.  of  Wash- 
ington.    It  has  3  churches. 

Accous,  ik^koo',  a  town  of  France,  Basses-Pyr^n^es,  15 
miles  S.  of  Oloron.     It  has  a  medicinal  spring.     Pop.  1429. 

Accra,  Accrah,  or  Acra,  ik'kra,  or  I'kri,  a  town 
and  settlement  of  Africa,  in  the  British  colony  of  Gold  Coast, 
about  lat.  5°  35'  N.,  Ion.  0°  12'  W.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Ac'crington,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  on 
the  Lancashire  <fc  Yorkshire  Railway,  19  miles  N.  of 
Manchester;  has  large  cotton-factories,  print-works,  coal- 
mines, Ac.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts.  Old  Accrington  and 
New  Accrington.     Pop.  in  1881,  31,435;  in  1891,  38,603. 

Accumoli,  &k-koo'mo-lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  27  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2238. 

Ace,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Acre. 

Acebo,  S,-thi'bo,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  48 
miles  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1770. 

Ace'quia,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Acerenza,  i-ch4-rfin'zi  (anc.  Acheron'tia),  a  city  of 
Italy,  on  the  Bradano,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3838. 

Acerno,  i-ch^R'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Salerno,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Picen'tia.     Pop.  2945. 


Acerra,  4-ch4R'ni  (anc.  Acer'rm),  a  town  of  Italy,  % 
bishop's  see,  on  the  Agno,  and  on  a  railway,  7  milee  N.B. 
of  Naples.     Pop.  13,633. 

Acerris,  a  town  of  ancient  Spain.    See  Gerri. 

Acesines,  a  river  of  India.     See  Chenatjb. 

Achaguas,  4-cb&'gw&s,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  50  milM 
S.W.  of  San  Fernando.     Pop.  2000. 

Achaia,  a-ki'ya,  or  &-ki'y4  (Gr.  Axata),  a  district  of 
Greece,  in  the  Morea,  extending  about  65  miles  from  E.  to 
W.,  with  a  width  of  from  12  to  20  miles  along  the  S.  side  of 
tne  Corinthian  gulf.  The  interior  is  mountainous,  the  coast 
low.  It  forms  with  Elis  a  nome.  Pop.  (1889)  210,713. 
Chief  town,  Patras. Adj.  and  inhab.  Achaian,  ^-k4'an. 

Achalzich,  or  Achalzig.    See  Akhalzieh. 

Achates,  a  river  of  Sicily.     See  Dtrillo. 

Acheen,  Atcheen,  Achen,  or  Atchin,  at-oheen' 
(properly  Aljih),  a  town  of  Sumatra,  near  its  N.W.  ex- 
tremity, capital  of  a  Dutch  province  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  river  Acheen,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  5°  34'  N.;  Ion.  95° 
34'  E.  It  is  built  on  wooden  piles,  and  is  said  to  comprise 
8000  houses.  The  province  of  Acheen  extends  from  th* 
river  Sinkel,  Ion.  98°  E.,  to  the  W.  end  of  the  island,  with 
a  coast-line  as  extensive  as  that  of  France.  Acheen  was 
for  several  years  at  war  with  the  Netherlands  (which  power 
claims  sovereignty  over  all  Sumatra),  but  was  subjugated 

in  1875.     Area,  22,000  square  miles.     Pop.  450,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Achinese,  atchMn-eez'. 

Acheen  or  Achen  Head  is  the  name  of  the  N.W. 
point  of  Sumatra. 

Achelous.     See  Aspro-Potamo. 

Achen,  i'K^n,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  falls  into  Chiem  See. 

Achen,  a  country  of  Sumatra.     See  Acheen. 

Achern,  4'K§rn,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  a  river  of  its  own 
name,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Carlsruhe  to  Freiburg,  30 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Carisruhe.    Pop.  2767. 

Acheron.    See  Mavro-Potamo. 

Acheron,  a  lake  of  Italy.    See  Ftjsaro. 

Acherontia,  an  ancient  name  of  Acerenza. 

Achigan.     See  Saint  Roch  de  l'Achigan. 

Achill,  ak'il,  or  Eagle  Island,  an  island  oflF  the  W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo.  Circumference  about  30  miles. 
Its  W.  point  forms  Achill  Head,  2222  feet  in  elevation. 
Immediately  S.  is  the  island  of  Achill  Beg. 

Achim,  3,K'lm,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Hanover, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Verden.     Pop.  2836. 

Achinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Atchinsc. 

Achiras,  4-chee'ris,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Cordova,  300  miles  N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Near 
it  are  silver-  and  copper -mines. 

Achmim,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Akhutu. 

Achmouneyn,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Oshmoonets. 

Acho,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Acre. 

Achonry,  4k'6n-re,  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  in 
county  Sligo,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sligo.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  bishop;  but  the  see-house  is  at  Ballaghadereen. 
Pop.  of  village,  638. 

Achor,  a'kdr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
Middleton  township,  about  12  miles  E.  of  New  Lisbon.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Achris  (ak'ris)  Head,  a  headland  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland.     Lat.  53°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  10'  W. 

Achsa,  a  river  and  village  of  Russia.    See  Aksai. 

Achtkarspelen,  ^Kt-kaR'spi-l^n  ("eight  chapels"),  a 
commune  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland.     Pop.  9240. 

Achtur  Kail,  4K'tur  kiill,  an  old  name  of  Staten  Island 
Sound. 

Achtyrka,  or  Akhtirka,  &K-t£gR'k4,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Russia,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov,  on  a  small  river 
of  the  same  name.     Pop.  25,000. 

Aci,  4'chee,  or  Aci  Reale,  4'chee  r4-&'l4,  a  town  and 
seaport  of  Sicily,  well  built  on  a  height  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Aci,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Catania.  Pop.  35,787.  It  is 
built  mostly  of  lava,  and  has  many  fine  edifices.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  mineral  waters,  and  for  the  cave  of  Polyphemus 
and  grotto  of  Galatea  in  its  vicinity.     It  ia  a  bishop  8  see. 

Acir,  a  region  of  Arabia.     See  Aseer. 

Aci  Sant'  Antonio,  4'chee  sint-in-to'ne-o,  a  city  of 
Sicily,  in  Catania,  7  miles  W.  of  Aci  Reale.     Pop.  6934. 

Acken,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Akbn. 

Ack'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.B. 
of  Newport. 

Ack'erman,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  oo..  Miss.,  55 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  6  churches  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ack'erman Ville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Nazareth.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  slate  manufactory.     Pop.  350. 


ACK 


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Ack'erville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  in 
Polk  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paitr  Railroad,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  1  church. 

Ack'ley,  a  post-town  of  Hardin  cc,  Iowa,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  Iowa  where  it  crosses  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  132  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  and  44  miles  S. 
of  Mason  City.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  issued  here.  It  has 
a  convent,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  6  churches,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1286. 

Ackley;  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dunkirk, 
Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  44  miles  S.  of 
Dunkirk,  N.Y.,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Russellburg,  Pa.  Lum- 
ber, wood,  bark,  &c.,  are  extensively  shipped  here. 

Ack'lin  Island,  in  the  Bahamas,  is  the  largest  of  the 
Crooked  Island  group.  It  is  45  miles  long,  and  from  1  to 
5  miles  broad,  and  is  skirted  by  dangerous  reefs.     Pop.  370. 

Ack'worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles 
E.  of  Indianola.  It  has  a  Friends'  church,  and  the  Ack- 
worth  Academy,  which  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Friends. 

Acme,  ak'me,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  east  arm  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  7  miles  N. 
E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  2 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  75. 

Ac-Metchet,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Simferopol. 

Acobamba,  k-ko-hkm'hi,,  a  small  town  of  South  Peru, 
42  miles  S.W.  of  Ayacueho. 

Aco'ma,  a  township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  454. 

Acoma,  i-ko'm4,  or  Acuma,  S,-koo'mi,  a  pueblo,  or 
Indian  village,  of  Valencia  co.,  New  Mexico,  65  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Albuquerque,  on  a  sandstone  rock,  or  mesa,  250 
feet  high,  which  is  ascended  by  a  winding  stairway.  It 
has  a  large  Catholic  chapel.     Pop.  about  500. 

Aconcagua,  4-kon-k3,'gw4,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Chili, 
South  America,  a  peak  of  the  Andes,  having,  according  to 
Prof.  Guyot,  an  altitude  of  22,422  feet,  in  lat.  32°  38'  30" 
S.,  Ion.  70°  W.  It  was  formerly  reported  to  be  a  volcano, 
but  recent  travellers  affirm  that  it  presents  no  indications 
of- volcanic  origin.  It  is  mostly  composed  of  primary  or 
unstratified  rocks.    The  sumnrit  is  said  to  be  porphyritic. 

Aconcagua,  a  river  rising  on  the  S.  side  of  the  above, 
flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  12  miles  N.  of  Valparaiso. 

Aconcagua,  a  province  of  Chili,  extends  from  the 
ocean  to  the  E.  frontier,  and  is  bounded  N.  by  Coquimbo 
and  S.  by  Valparaiso  and  Santiago.  Area,  6840  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  156,636. 

Aconcagua,  Chili.     See  San  Felipe  de  Aconcagua. 

Aconquija,  i-kon-kee'ni,  a  mountain  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  13  miles  W.  of  Tucuman.  Height,  17,000  feet. 
The  name  is  also  given  to  the  whole  range  between  the 
provinces  of  Tucuman  and  Catamarca.     It  is  rich  in  metals. 

Azores,  islands  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.     See  Azores. 

A'corn,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Acorn  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  14 
miles  from  Winchester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Acoyapa,  a,-ko-yi'pa,  a  town  of  Nicaragua,  department 
of  Chontales.     Pop.  6000. 

Acqs ,  a  town  of  France.     See  Dax. 

Ac^quack'anonck\  a  township  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  4368.     It  contains  the  town  of  Passaic. 

Acquaformosa,  i.k'kwa,-foR-mo'sa,,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Cosenza,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1755. 

Acqualagna,  ak'kwl-lin'ya,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a 
hiU,  8  miles  S.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  2761. 

Acqua-Negra,  fl,k'kwa,-ni'gra,,  a  viUage  of  Italy,  on 
a  railway,  16  miles  W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4064. 

Acquapendente,  ak'kwi-pSn-dSn'ta  (anc.  Aucula,  or 
Acula  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Orvieto.  Pop. 
4810.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Acquappesa,  ak'kwip-pi'si,  a  maritime  village  of 
Italy,  in  Cosenza,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Paola.     Pop.  2114. 

Acquarica  del  Capo,  ak'kwi-ree'ki  dgl  ka,'po,  a 
Tillage  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1512. 

Acquaro,  ik-kwi'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Oatanzaro,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Monteleone.     Pop.  2251. 

Acqua  Santa,  a  town  of  Sardinia.     See  Abbasanta. 

Acqua- Sparta,  ak-kwi-spaR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on 
a  height,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Spoleto.     Pop.  3596. 

Acquaviva  Collecroce,  ik'kwi-vee'vi  kol-li-kro'- 
ohi,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Campobasso. 
Pop.  1789.  ^ 

Acquaviva  delie  Fonti,  ak'kwi-vee'vfl,  dSl'li  ffin'tee, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bari. 
Pop.  7619. 

Acquaviva  Platani,  ik'kwa-vee'vi  pia,-t8,'nee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Sicily,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caltanisetta.   Pop.  1805. 

Acqui,  ik'kwee  (anc.  A'quse,  or  A'qua  Statiel'lx),  a 


town  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Bormida,  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.AY.  of  Alessandria,  is  a 
bishop's  see.  Pop.  10,083.  It  is  of  great  antiquity,  and 
haa  the  remains  of  a  Roman  aqueduct.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented for  its  sulphur  baths  in  cases  of  cutaneous  erup- 
tions, rheumatism,  and  gout.  Its  springs  were  famous  in 
remote  antiquity,  a  fact  duly  recorded  by  its  ancient  as 
well  as  by  its  modern  name.  Pliny  gives  it  a  special  men- 
tion (xxi.  2)  along  with  Puteoli  and  (Aquae  Sextiae)  Aix. 

Acquigny,  S,k-kween^yee',  a  small  town  near  Louviers, 
France,  on  the  river  Eure,  an  affluent  of  the  Seine.  It  has 
remains  of  an  ancient  fortress  named  Fort  aux  Anglais, 
and  of  the  locally-famous  castle  of  Cambremont. 

Acra,  aw'kra,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany,  in  Cairo  township,  is  at  the  base 
of  the  Catskill  Mountains,  and  10  miles  from  Catskill.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  several  boarding-houses. 

Acra,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Accra. 

Acre,  3,'k§r  or  i'ker,  Akka,  ik'ki,  or  Saint  Jean 
d'Acre,  s^no  zh6N»  dS,k'r  (anc.  Ace,  or  Ac'co?  or  Ptolc- 
ma'is),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Syria,  on  a  promontory  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Carmel.  Lat.  32°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  5'  E. 
Pop.  about  10,000.  Acre  is  famous  for  the  sieges  which  it 
has  sustained.  It  was  taken  by  the  first  Crusaders  in  1104, 
retaken  by  the  Saracens  in  1187,  and  recovered  by  Richard 
Cceur  de  Lion  in  1191  and  given  to  the  Knights  of  St. 
John  (in  French,  St.  Jean)  of  Jerusalem,  whence  it  received 
the  name  of  St.  Jean  d'Aore.  In  1291  it  again  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Saracens.  Bonaparte  attempted  to  storm  this 
place  in  1799,  but  retreated  after  a  siege  of  61  days.  It  wa> 
taken  by  Ibraheem  Pasha  in  1832,  and  again  by  the  com- 
bined English  and  Austrian  squadrons  in  1840.  The  Bay 
of  Acre  is  much  frequented  by  French,  Italian,  and  Aus- 
trian vessels.  Acre  has  been  celebrated  from  remote  an- 
tiquity.    Strabo  calls  it  Ace  ('Ak^). 

Acri,  4'kree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  10,717. 

Acritas,  a  headland  of  Greece.    See  Cape  Gallo. 

AcVocerau'nian  (or  Cerau'nian)  Mountains 
(Albanian,  Ghika,  or  Tchika)  are  in  Albania,  on  the  Adri- 
atic coast.  Lat.  40°  15'  N.  Highest  peaks,  Tchika,  6300 
feet,  and  Tchikara,  6470  feet.     See  Cape  Linguetta. 

Ac'ro-Corin'thus,  or  Ac'ro-Cor'inth,  a  precip- 
itous and  somewhat  conical  rock  near  the  city  of  Corinth, 
in  Greece,  on  which  stood  the  ancient  acropolis,  or  citadel 
of  the  place,  and  a  temple  of  Venus.  It  is  about  2000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  the  site  of  a  modern  forti- 
fication, which  is  considered  one  of  the  strongest  in  Greece. 

Acron,  a  village  of  ALabama.     See  Akron. 

Acrotirion,  3,-kro-tee're-on,  a  small  town  of  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Santo- 
rini;  lat.  36°  20'  N.;  Ion.  25°  23'  E. 

Acs,  atch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  a  railway,  6  mile» 
S.W.  of  Comorn.     Pop.  3940,  employed  in  rearing  sheep. 

Acsa,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ak-Hissar. 

Acsad,  ot^chM',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolcs,  16 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Debreczin.     It  has  distilleries.   Pop.  2645. 

Actae'on  Islands,  a  group  of  three  low,  wooded  islands 
in  the  Pacific,  about  lat.  21°  23'  S.,  Ion.  136°  32'  W. 

Actium,  ak'she-um,  or  ak'te-um,  a  promontory  and  town 
of  ancient  Greece,  situated  near  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Arta,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Acarnania.  Celebrated  for  the  vic- 
tory won  by  Octavius  Caesar  over  Mark  Antony,  B.C.  31. 

Ac'ton,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, about  8  miles  W.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  8306. 

Ac'ton,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Acton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <fc  Lafayette  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Acton,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Acton  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portland.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1008. 

Acton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Acton 
township,  near  Acton  Station  on  the  Boston,  Acton  &  Nashua 
and  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroads,  13  miles  S. 
by  W.  from  Lowell.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Acton  town- 
ship in  1890, 1897.  It  contains  other  villages,  named  South 
Acton  and  West  Acton ;  has  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  clothing,  flour,  sash,  &c.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Assabet  River. 

Acton,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Acton  township,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Litchfield.  Pop. 
of  township,  630. 

Acton,  a  station  in  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Salem  BaH. 
road,  3  miles  E.  of  Salem. 


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Acton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  23  miles  by 
ail  E.  by  S.  of  Columbia. 

Acton,  a  post-villago  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  near  the  Brazos 
River,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  3  churches. 

Acton,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  35  miles  W.  from  Toronto. 
It  contains  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  system  of  public  schools,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  leathers  and  gloves 
and  moccasins.     Pop.  1475. 

Ac'ton-Bur'nell,  a  village  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Salop,  7i  miles  S.  of  Shrewsbury.  Here  are  the  re- 
mains of  an  ancient  castle,  where  Edward  I.,  in  123.S,  held 
a  parliament.     Pop.  372. 

Acton  Vale,  or  Saint  Andr^  d'Acton,  s5.Nt  6n<'^- 
dri'  dS,k-t6N<'',  a  post-village  in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  Canada, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  55  miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  3  churches,  15  stores,  3  hotels,  and  several  mills. 
Copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  500. 

Actopan,  3,k-to-pin',  a  town  and  district  of  Mexico; 
the  former  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico :  lat. 
20°  17'  28"  N.;  Ion.  98°  48'  52"  W.  The  pop.  of  the  dis- 
trict consists  chiefly  of  Othomies  Indians,  of  whom  there 
are  between  2000  and  3000  families.     Poj).  of  town,  2800. 

Acul,  i'kUl',  a  town  and  seaport  of  Hayti,  N.  coast,  10 
miles  W.  of  Cape  Franjais.   Lat.  19°  47'  N.  j  Ion.  72°  27'  W. 

Acula,  an  ancient  town  of  Italy.    See  Acquapendente. 

Aculco,  i-kool'ko,  a  lake  in  Chili,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Santiago ;  it  is  about  9  miles  in  length,  and  3  in  breadth. 

Aculzingo,  i^kool-seen'go,  or  Aculezingo,  S,-koo*- 
li-seen'go,  a  large  Indian  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 
Cruz,  S.  of  Orizaba,  near  the  railroad  from  Vera  Cruz  to 
Mexico,  with  a  wonderful  railway  bridge  across  a  chasm. 

Acushnet,  a-k56sh'net,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  in  Acushnet  township,  near  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  4 
miles  N.  of  New  Bedford,  and  1  mile  from  the  New  Bedford 
&  Taunton  Railroad  (Acushnet  Station.)  The  township  has 
6  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1027. 

Acuto,  8,-koo'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome, 
35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rome,  and  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Acuto. 
Pop.  2247. 

Ac'worth,  a  post-village  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  West- 
ern &  Atlantic  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
a  high  school,  4  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flouring-mill; 
also  several  mineral  springs.  A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  about  800. 

Acworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in  Ac- 
worth  township,  about  45  miles  W.  of  Concord.  The  township 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  flour, 
and  lumber.  Here  are  found  large  specimens  of  beryl. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1050. 

Ada,  5d'oh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  30  miles  S. 
of  Szegedin,  on  the  Theiss.    Pop.,  with  surroundings,  9344. 

Ada,  a'da,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Idaho,  borders 
on  Oregon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  and  W.  by  Lewis 
or  Snake  River,  and  drained  by  the  Bois6  and  Payette  Rivers. 
The  surface  in  some  parts  is  hilly ;  the  soil  produces  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  <fcc.  Gold  is  found  near  the  Payette  River. 
Capital,  Bois6  City.  Area,  2500  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2675;  in  1880,  4074;  in  1890,  8368. 

Ada,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Ada,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ada,  a  post-village  of  Ada  township,  Kent  co.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thornapplo  River, 
and  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by 
S.  from  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school, 
and  2  flouring-milis.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township  in 
1890,  1296. 

Ada,  a  thriving  post-village,  capital  of  Norman  co., 
Minn.,  on  a  railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Glyndon.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  butter  creamery  (capacity  1000  pounds 
per  day),  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1200. 

Ada,  a  hamlet  in  the  township  of  Albany,  Ray  co..  Mo., 
near  the  village  of  Orrick. 

Ada,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  township,  Hardin  co., 
0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  a  bank  and  a  newspaper  office,  and 
is  the  seat  of  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Normal  School,  a  pri- 
vate institution,  founded  in  1870.  Ada  has  also  9  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  flax,  sash,  doors,  barrels, 
<ke.     Pop.  in  1890,  2080. 

Ada,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  in  Herman 
township,  7  miles  from  Kiel. 

Adaioodia,  a,-dS,-foo'de-i,  a  town  in  the  Foolah  coun- 
try, West  Africa;  lat.  13°  6'  N;  Ion.  1°  3'  E.  It  has  a 
'irfe  trade  in  native  produce.     Pop.  24,000. 


Adaiel,  aj-egion  of  Africa.     See  Adal. 

A^dair',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  baa 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Middle  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Oes  Moines,  and  by  the  source  of  the 
Nodaway.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
The  staple  productions  are  Indian  com,  wheat,  butter,  <kc. 
The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along 
the  northern  border  of  the  county,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  intersects  it.  Cap- 
ital, Greenfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  3982;  in  1880,  11,667;  in 
1890,  14,534. 

Adair,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Little  Barren  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Cap- 
ital, Columbia.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,065;  in  1880, 13,078;  in 
1890,  13,721. 

Adair,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chariton  River,  which  runs  southward,  and  by  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  moderately  diversified; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  live-stock  are 
the  staple  products.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found  here. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.,  cover  a 
large  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  two  trunk 
railroad  lines.  Capital,  Kirksville.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,448 ; 
in  1880,  15,190;  in  1890,  17,417. 

Adair,  a  village  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col.,  on  the  Denver 
&  Fort  Worth  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Trinidad. 

Adair,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough  co..  111.,  in  New 
Salem  township,  on  a  railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Bushnell.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  200. 

Adair,  a  station  in  the  Cherokee  country,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  Missouri  Pacific,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vinita. 

Adair,  a  post-village  of  AdaiV  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of  Dea 
Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  grain  elevator,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  722. 

Adair,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  divis- 
ion of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  St. 
Clair. 

Adair,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  637. 

A^dairs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Dalton,  and  68 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  churches,  a  classical 
school,  a  cotton-factory,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  about 
800. 

A^dair'ville,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Russellville,  and  about  36  miles  S.W,  of  Bowling 
Green.     It  has  an  academy  and  6  churches.    Pop.  700, 

Adaja,  &-djI'h3,,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  rising 
near  Piedrahita,  in  the  Sierra  de  Avila,  falls  into  the  DourOj 
after  a  course  of  between  80  and  90  miles. 

Adakaselia,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Orsova. 

Adakh,  aMak',  one  of  the  Andreanov  Islands,  Alaska. 
It  has  an  active  volcano  and  many  hot  springs. 

Adal,  i-dkV,  Adaiel,  or  Adajel,  &-di-er,  a  region 
of  Eastern  Africa,  around  the  Bay  of  Tajoora  and  Gulf  of 
Aden.  It  is  barren  and  sickly,  but  well  peopled  by  a  race 
of  warlike  nomades.  Chief  towns,  Hoosa  and  Tajoora,  See 
Adel  and  Afar, 

Ada  (a'da)  Lake,  in  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  is  traversed  by 
the  Pine  River,  an  indirect  affluent  of  the  Mississippi. 

Adalia,  9,-d3,'lee'&,  Atalia,  Satalieh,  si-ti'Iee^y^h, 
or  Attaliyeh,  a  seaport  of  Anatolia,  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  gulf  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  36°  52'  2"  N.;  Ion.  30° 
45'  £.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  slope  of  a  hill.  The 
houses  being  Duilt  circularly  around  the  harbor,  the  streets 
appear  to  rise  behind  each  other  like  the  seats  of  a  theatre. 
It  nas  a  Greek  archbishop.     Pop.  of  the  town,  8000. 

Ad'aline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W,  Va,,  7 
miles  from  Bellton  Station.     It  has  1  church. 

Adallum,  a  town  of  ancient  Spain.    See  Elda. 

Ad'am,  a  station  in  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Colum 
bia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga 

Adamawa,  &-d&-maw'&,  or  Fumbi'na,  a  kingdom 
or  province  of  Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  between  lat.  6° 
and  11°  N.,  and  Ion.  11°  and  17°  E.,  is  traversed  by  the 
Bonuwe  and  its  tributaries  and  by  the  Alantika  Moun- 
tains. It  afibrds  fine  pasturage,  is  populous,  and  has  a 
large  trade  in  slaves  and  ivory.  Capital,  lola.  It  is  subject 
to  the  power  of  Saccatoo. 

Ad'am  Bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  stretchee 
6  miles  inland.    It  is  10  miles  in  breadth  at  the  entrance, 

Ad'am-jo-TauMar',  a  town  of  Sinde,  India,  U 
miles  E.  of  Halla.    Pop.  3500. 


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432 


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Adams,  ad'amz,  a  county  in  the  extreme  W.  part  of 
Illinois,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  830 
iquare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Bear  and  McKee's  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  horses,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Burlington  limestone  and  another 
limestone  of  the  Carboniferous  Age  crop  out  at  Quincy. 
These  are  good  materials  for  building.  Beds  of  coal  are 
Baid  to  underlie  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  the  Wabash 
Railroads.  Other  railroads  connect  with  these  at  Quincy, 
the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  56,362;  in  1880, 
69,135;  in  1890,  61,888. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  330  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wabash  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  and 
the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroads,  which  con- 
verge here.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Decatur.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,382; 
in  1880,  15,385;  in  1890,  20,181. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nodaway 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Platte  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     A  large  portion  of  it  is 

f)rairie-land.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
ington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  which  intersects  it  from  E.  to  W., 
and  a  branch  of  which  crosses  its  S.E.  corner.  Indian  corn, 
bay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Corn- 
ing.   Pop.  in  1870,  4614;  in  1880, 11,888 ;  in  1890, 12,292. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Homochitto  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  elm, 
hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  tulip-tree,  tupelo,  &c.,  cover  nearly 
one-third  of  the  surface.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  Strata  of  the  tertiary  (Eocene)  formation 
underlie  part  of  the  soil.  A  division  of  the  Louisville,  New 
Orleans  &  Texas  Railway  and  the  New  Orleans  &  North- 
western Railway  converge  at  the  capital,  Natchez,  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,084;  in  1880,  22,649;  in  1S90,  26,031. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  552  square  miles.  The  Platte  River  touches  the 
N.W.  part  of  it.  The  soil  is  productive.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island,  the  Burlington 
A  Missouri  River,  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Val- 
ley, and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Hastings. 
Pop.  in  1876,  3940;  in  1880,  10,235;  in  1890,  24,303. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  488  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by 
Brush  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory, 
buckeye,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Clinton  limestone  and  Niagara 
limestone  (Upper  Silurian)  crop  out  in  this  county.  The 
latter  is  a  good  building-stone.  Capital,  West  Union.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
which  passes  along  its  N.  part.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,750:  in 
1880,  24,005;  in  1890,  26,093. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  535  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Conewago,  Bermudian,  Latimore,  Marsh, 
and  Rock  Creeks,  the  last  two  of  which  are  head-streams  of 
the  Monocacy  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory, 
white  oak,  wild  cherry,  &o.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  potatoes,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  South  Mountain  extends 
along  its  N.W.  border.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
good  limestone  and  magnetic  iron  ore.  Mesozoic  red  sand- 
stone and  mica  slate  underlie  a  large  part  of  the  county. 
It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Susquehanna  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Gettysburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,316 ;  in  1880, 
32,455 ;  in  1890,  33,486. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Washington,  is 
drained  by  the  head-waters  of  the  Snake  River,  an  aflBuent 
of  the  Columbia,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Area,  as  officially  estimated,  1908  square  miles. 
Capital,  Ritzville.     Pop.  in  1890,  2098 


Adams,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  690  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  drained  by  Cross  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees,  from  which  lumber  is  exported.  The  staple  products  of 
the  soil  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  <fec.  Capital,  Friend- 
ship.    Pop.  in  1870,  6601 ;  in  1880,  6741 ;  in  1890,  6889. 

Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Collins. 

Adams,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Smithville  to  Albany,  17  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Adams,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  is  at  Newtown, 
about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Adams,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.  Pop.  1662. 
It  contains  Leland. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2388.  It 
includes  New  Haven.    See  Adams  Station. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1149.  It 
contains  Lockport. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  807. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Adams  township,  Decatur  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad, 
41  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  township,  2162. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2178. 
It  contains  Boxley. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1664. 
It  includes  Markleville  and  New  Columbus. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1207. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Eminence. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3286.  It 
contains  Rockville,  the  county  seat. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2703.  It 
contains  Morris. 

Adamis,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  966. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  644. 
It  contains  the  post-office  of  Tower  Hill. 

Adam  s ,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  949.  It 
contains  Aurora. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  889. 
It  contains  the  post-office  of  Comet. 

Adams,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Muscatine  division  of  the  Burlington  &  Cedar 
Rapids  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1321. 
It  includes  Blakesburg. 

Adams,  a  post-township,  in  the  north  part  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  adjoining  North  Adams,  is  noted  for  its 
important  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool,  iron,  paper,  &o. 
This  township  contains  the  villages  of  Adams,  Renfrew, 
and  Maple  Grove.  Among  its  prominent  features  is  Mount 
Greylock  (q.  v.),  which  is  3505  feet  high,  and  is  the  highest 
point  in  the  state.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Hoosao 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsfield  &  North  Adams 
Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  9213. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Pittsfield  <fc  North  Adams  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield,  and  5  miles  S.  of  North  Adams, 
It  has  2  national  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  from  one  of 
which  a  German  paper  is  issued,  7  churches,  2  paper-mills, 
2  woollen-mills,  and  manufactures  of  gingham  and  cotton 
warp.     Pop.  about  7500. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1797. 
It  contains  the  village  of  North  Adams. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  contains 
Atlantic  Mine.     Pop.  670. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  874. 

Adams,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  879. 

Adams,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  457  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Adams,  a  post- village  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Nemaha 
River,  near  its  source,  29  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Adams 
township,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdenaburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  national  banks,  the  Hungerford  Collegiate  Institute,  a 
foundry,  machine-shop,  planing-mill,  Ac.  One  newspaper 
is  issued  here.  Pop.  1360;  of  the  township,  3181.  The 
township  contains  also  a  village  named  Adams  Centre,  and 
a  part  of  Smithville  lies  within  its  limits. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Champaign  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1238. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Carysville. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.  0,,  contains  the  vil 
lage  of  Ogden.     Pop,  883. 


ADA 


433 


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AdamS)  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1113. 
It  contains  Bakersville. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Darke  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2291.  It 
fiontains  Bradford  and  Gettysburg. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.  Post-office, 
Adams  Ridge.     Pop.  1220. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.  Pop.  762.  It 
contains  Cassell's  Station. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.  Pop.  959.  It 
contains  Oak  Grove  and  Everett. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1201.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Cameron. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.     Pop.  727. 

Adams,  a  post-township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad.     Pop.  1537. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.  Pop.  1786. 
It  includes  Buell's  Lowell. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  34  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Kittanning. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  973. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  836. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Wis.  Pop.  398.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Friendship,  which  is  the  capital  of 
the  county. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     Pop.  913. 

Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Adams  Basin,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ad'amsborough,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cass  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Eel  River  division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    , 

Adam's  Bridge,  a  chain  of  shoals  extending  across 
the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  between  Ceylon  and  the  peninsula  of 
Hindostan.    See  Gulf  of  Manaar. 

Adamsburg,  a  village  of  Snyder  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lewis- 
town  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  27  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Beaver  Springs. 

Adamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg;  has  2  churches.     Pop.  229. 

Adams  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Adams  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
furniture,  sash,  &c.  Pop.  600. 

Adams  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Wis., 
about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City. 

Adam's  Creek,  township,  Craven  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1352. 

Adams  Island,  Marquesas  Group.    See  Roapoa. 

Adams'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Adams  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
on  the  Muskingum  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
<fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Zanesville.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Adams,  Mount.    See  Mount  Adavs. 

Ad'amson,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Ad'amson's  Harbor,  or  Port  Es'perance,  a 
small  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Tasmania. 

Ad'amsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Newton. 

Adams  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Adam's  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the  centre  of  Ceylon. 
Lat.  6°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  32'  E.     Height,  7420  feet. 

Adams  Point  or  Cape,  in  Oregon,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River.  Lat.  46°  12'  N. ;  Ion. 
123°  56'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Adams  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0. 

Adams  Run,  or  Osborn,  oz'bprn,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Colleton  CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
23  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Adams  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Adams  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  Near  it  are  2  churches,  a 
Bteam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Adams  Station,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  A  Columbus  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.W.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  250. 

Adams  Station,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles 


N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tobacco-factory, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Adamsthal,  i'd&ms-t&P,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Briinn.  It  is  much  visited  on  account 
of  its  caves.     Pop.  780. 

Ad'amstOAVn,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  64  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  church. 

Adamstown,  a  post-borough  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Cocalico  township,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactories  of  wool  hats.     Pop.  700. 

Ad'amsville,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec, 
Canada,  4  miles  N.  of  Brigham.  It  contains  a  telegraph 
office,  several  mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  200. 

Adamsville,  a  hamlet  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona,  4  miles  W 
of  Florence.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co.,  Ark.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Warren. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Farmington  Station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilming- 
ton &  Baltimore  Railroad. 

Adamsville,  a  small  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
in  Colerain  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Greenfield. 
It  has  good  water-power  and  several  mills. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ontwa  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Elkhart,  Ind.,  and  about  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  graded  school,  hotel, 
flour-mill,  saw-mill,  and  stave-factory.     Pop.  104. 

Adamsville,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Miss. 

Adamsville,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.    See  Adams  Station. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  E.  of  Sandy  Hill,  and  about  66  miles  N.  by  E.  from 
Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Adamsville,  a  post- village  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0., 
about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  planing-,  saw-,  and  flour-mills,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  350. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
West  Fallowfiekl  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.AV.  of  Meadville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Little  Compton,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Fall  River.    Pop.  100. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Bethel  Springs  Station  of  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  600. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Utah,  8  miles 
W.  of  Beaver  City. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  oo.,  W.  Ya., 
about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mos- 
cow township,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mineral  Point.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 

Adamuz,  &-D&-mooth',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Cdrdova,  with  3400  inhabitants. 

Adana,  iMi'ni  (anc.  Bath'nx  f),  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its  own  name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Syhoon,  30  miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  36°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  12' 
E.  Pop.  about  25,000.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle, 
several  remains  of  antiquity,  a  bridge  over  the  Syhoon,  said 
to  have  been  built  by  Justinian,  with  a  trade  in  wool,  cotton, 
corn,  wine,  and  fruit. 

Adana,  a  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  lying  between  the 
Taurus  on  the  N.  and  the  Mediterranean,  with  the  Gulf  of 
Scanderoon,  on  the  S.  Area,  14,222  square  miles.  Cotton  and 
grain  are  leading  products.     Pop.  335,520.     Capital,  Adana. 

Adanad,  &-d&-n&d',  or  Adinatha,  &-de-n&'t'h&,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Malabar,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Calicut. 

Adanara,  a  Malay  island.    See  Adenara. 

Adand,  Sd^ond',  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  county  of 
Siimegh,  IS  miles  N.E.  of  Karad.     Pop.  1650. 

Ad^ari'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Butler 
township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Adasevecs,6d-5sh-gh-v5ch',or  Ada8hevce,aTillage 
of  Croatia,  on  the  borders  of  Slavonia,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Peterwardein.     Pop.  2004. 

Adda,  dd'di  (anc.  Ad'dua),  a  river  of  Northern  Italy, 
rises  near  Bormio  in  the  Valteliina,  flows  generally  S.,  tra- 
versing Lakes  Como  and  Leoco,  and,  after  a  course  of  80 
miles,  joins  the  Po,  7  miles  W.  of  Cremona. 

Addergey,  id-d?r-gi'  or  id-d§r-ghi',  a  small  town  of 
Abyssinia,  kingdom  of  Tigrg.    Lat.  13°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  38°  3'  E. 

Ad'dieville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  <fc  Southeastern  Railroad,  43  miles  from  St. 
Louis.    It  has  a  church. 

Ad'diewell,  a  village  of  Edinburghshire,  Scotland, 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1366. 

Ad'dington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ontario 


ADD 


434 


ADE 


Canada,  on  Lake  Ontario.  Area,  2060  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Napanee  River  and  other  streams,  and  con- 
tains several  lakes,  the  principal  of  which  is  Beaver  Lake. 
The  chief  staples  are  lumber,  wool,  and  the  products  of  the 
dairy.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way.    Chief  town,  Napanee.     Pop.  23,312. 

Ad'dison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Vermont,  borde-- 
ing  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  734  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain  (here  2  or  3 
miles  wide),  is  intersected  by  Otter  Creek,  and  also  drained 
by  the  New  Haven  and  White  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery.  For- 
ests of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple, 
Ac,  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  mostly  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  hay,  wool, 
oats,  cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  Gneiss, 
quartz,  mica  slate,  and  Lower  Silurian  limestones  underlie 
different  parts  of  the  surface.  Quarries  of  white  and  varie- 
gated marble  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Alabaster, 
galena,  and  manganese  are  also  found  here.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Middle- 
bury.  Pop.  of  the  county  in  1870, 23,484 ;  in  1880,  24,173 ; 
in  1890,  22,277. 

Addison,  a  post-village  in  Du  Page  co..  111.,  IS  miles 
W,  by  N.  from  Chicago,  and  4  miles  from  Elmsburst  Sta- 
tion. Here  is  the  "  Evangelical  Lutheran  Teachers'  Semi- 
nary," organized  in  1864,  and  the  "  German  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum  of  Northern  Illinois,"  with  over 
100  children.  A  branch  railroad  extends  to  Addison.  Pop. 
of  township,  2190;  of  village,  about  500. 

Addison,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  (exclu- 
sive of  the  city  of  Shelbyville)  2677. 

Addison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Addison,or  Addison  Point,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  in  Addison  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
ocean,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Machias.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  carriage-shop,  a  ship-yard,  and  a  mineral  spring.  Here 
is  Addison  Point  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Addison,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wood- 
stock township,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Adrian,  and  13  miles  by 
rail  N,  of  Hudson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill, 
a  wood-working  factory,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Addison,  a  township  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  106. 

Addison,  a  post-village  in  Addison  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Canisteo  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
28  miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  several  mills,  and  an  institution  called 
Addison  Academy  and  Union  School.  It  has  manufactures 
of  leather,  ploughs,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Pop.  about  2000.  The 
township  contains  5  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  2595. 

Addison,  Champaign  co.,  0.    See  Christiansburg. 

Addison,  a  small  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Ad- 
dison township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  8  miles  above  Gal- 
lipolis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1340. 

Addison,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Addi- 
son township,  6  miles  from  Confluence  Railroad  Station,  and 
90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  1  foundry. 
The  township  contains  6  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1456. 

Addison,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Middlebury.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain.    Pop.  911. 

Addison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  W.Va., 
35  miles  S.  of  Buckhannon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  waterfalls  used  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber. 
Pod.  300. 

Addison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  in 
Addison  township,  about  37  miles  N.AV.  of  Milwaukee,  near 
Allenton  Station.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1863. 

Addison  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Corning. 

Addison  Junction,  a  station  in  Essex  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  at  the  junction  of  the  Addison  Railroad 
(of  Vermont)  with  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  near 
Fort  Ticonderoga,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Whitehall. 

Addison  Point,  a  village  of  Maine.    See  Addison. 

Ad'disville,  or  Rich'borough,  a  post-village  of 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Northampton  township,  3i  miles  from 
Hartsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is 
Richborough  Post-Office. 

Ad^doo',  or  Adou,  i'doo',  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands, 
10  miles  in  length  and  7  in  breadth. 

Addua,  ancient  name  of  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Adda. 

Adeghem,  i'di-ghflm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  East 
Flanders,  4  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Eecloo.     Pop.  3700. 

Adel,  i-d41',  or  Somauli,  so-maw'lee,  a  country  of 


Africa,  extending  along  its  coast  from  Abyssinia  to  Cape 
Guardafui,  between  lat.  8°  and  12°  N.,  and  Ion.  43°  and 
51°  E.  Pop.  Mohammedan,  and  subordinate  to  Egypt.  It 
exports  wax,  myrrh,  ivory,  slaves,  oofi"ee,  gold-dust,  and 
cattle.  Chief  ports,  Zeyla  and  Berbera.  The  names  Adel 
and  Adal  (which  see)  are  forms  of  the  Abyssinian  Adaiel,  a 
term  designating  the  Danakil  race.     See  Afar. 

Adel,  aMgl',  a  post-borough  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville,  on  the  Georgia  Southern  & 
Florida  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  800. 

Adel,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Raccoon  River,  and  on  the  Des  Moines  and  Northwestern 
Railway,  22  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  banks,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  a  graded  school,  and  4  ohurobes.  Pop. 
1100. 

Adelaida,  &-d&-li'dd,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
CO.,  Cal.,  25  miles  W.  of  Paso  Robles. 

Adelaide,  ad'§-lid,  a  city,  the  capital  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  Torrens  River,  near  its  mouth  in  Gulf  St. 
Vincent.  Lat.  34°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  138°  38'  E.  Adelaide  is 
divided  by  the  Torrens  into  South  and  North  Adelaide.  It 
was  founded  in  1836 ;  has  regular  streets,  good  shops  and 
hotels,  numerous  places  of  worship,  a  government  bouse, 
barracks,  and  theatre,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  botanic 
garden,  water-  and  gas-works,  several  hospitals,  large  and 
varied  manufactures,  an  assay  office,  and  banks.  It  is  the 
seat  of  an  Anglican  and  a  Catholic  bishop.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  several  railways.     Pop.  67,954. 

Port  Adelaide  is  situated  about  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  the 
town,  and  communicates  with  it  by  a  railway.  It  is  a  free 
port.  The  harbor  is  accessible  for  vessels  drawing  about  1  * 
^et  of  water.     Pop.  2482. 

Adelaide,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  of  Australia,  falls  into 
Adam  Bay,  and  is  navigable  60  miles  for  vessels  drawing  12 
feet  of  water. 

Adelaide  l8lauds,or  Queen  Adelaide  Islands, 
a  chain  of  islands  S.W.  of  Patagonia.  The  westernmost  is 
called  Adelaide  Island.     Lat.  52°  S. ;  Ion.  75°  W. 

Adelante,  California.    See  Napa  Jonction. 

Adelboden,  4'd§l-bo'd§n,  a  vajley  and  village  in  the 
canton  of  Bern,  Switzerland,  24  miles  S.  of  Thun.  It  has 
mineral  springs  and  a  pretty  cascade.     Pop.  1532. 

Adelebsen,  or  Adelepsen,  i'd^h-lfip's^n,  a  Milage 
of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Gottingen.  Pop. 
1264. 

Ad61ie,  &^d&Uee',  a  barren  land  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean. 
Lat.  66°  30'  S.;  Ion.  136°  to  142°  E.  Discovered  by  D'Ur- 
ville  in  1840. 

Ad'eline,  a  post- village  of  Maryland  township.  Ogle 
CO.,  111.,  6  miles  E.  of  Foreston  Station,  and  about  22  miles 
N.  of  Dixon.  It  has  4  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Ad-el- Jivaz,  id-fil-jeeH-is',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
about  15  miles  from  Akhlat,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Van 
Coarse  cotton  cloths  are  manufactured.     Pop.  1500. 

Adell,  ah-dSl',  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis., 
in  Sherman  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
43  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  foundry, 
and  machine-shop.     Pop.  150. 

Adelmannsfelder,  i'd^l-mins-fdrter,  a  town  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  Germany,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aalen.  It  manu- 
factures woollens,  paper,  and  metallic  goods.     Pop.  1659. 

Adelnau,  i'd§l-now',  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Breslau.     Pop.  1975. 

Adelphi,  i-dfirfee,  or  Fratelli,  fri-tfil'lee  {i.e.,  the 
"  Brothers"),  two  islands  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  40 
miles  W.  of  Scarpanto,  in  about  lat.  39°  N.,  Ion.  24°  E. 

Adel'phi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Diss 
Moines  River,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines  City. 

Adelphi,  a  post- village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Colerain  town- 
ship, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  417. 

Adelsberg,  4'd§ils-bfiRG\  a  town  of  Illyria,  in  Carniola, 
22  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Triest.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
stalactite  caves  in  the  vicinity,  the  largest  hitherto  dis- 
covered in  Europe.     Pop.  1700. 

Adelsdorf,  a,'dfls-doRr,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  Bielau,  3  miles  S.  of  Freiwaldau.     Pop.  1315. 

Adelsdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia.  It  consists  of 
two  parts,  Upper  Adelsdorf  (pop.  748)  and  Lower  Adels- 
dorf (pop.  481),  and  is  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Haynau. 

Adelsheim,  i'd§ls-hime',  a  town  of  Baden,  32  miles 
E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1531. 

Ademuz,  i-ni-mooth',  a  town  of  Spain,  62  miles  N.W. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  2732. 

Aden,  4'ddn  or  i'din,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Arabia, 


ADE 


435 


ADR 


wfaich  since  1839  has  belonged  to  the  British,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Cape  Aden,  Lat.  12°  46'  15'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  10'  20"  E. 
Its  fortifications  have  lately  been  greatly  extended  and 
improved;  and  it  may  be  called  the  Gibraltar  of  the 
East.  Numerous  mosques  and  other  buildings  attest  its 
former  magnificence.  Aden  is  the  chief  trading  port  of 
Arabia.  It  was  fortified  by  the  Turks  during  the  reign  of 
Solyman  the  Magnificent ;  but  before  its  occupation  by  the 
British,  it  had  shrunk  into  insignificance.  In  1839  the 
town  and  the  peninsula  on  which  it  stands  were  purchased 
by  the  East  India  Company,  to  be  made  a  depot  for  coals 
and  a  calling-station  for  the  steamers  between  India  and 
Suez,  and  from  that  time  it  has  increased  in  commercial 
importance,  especially  since  the  opening  of  the  Suez  Canal. 
The  imports,  consisting  chiefly  of  cotton  goods  and  pro- 
visions, in  1890  were  valued  at  nearly  31,000,000  rupees 
(about  $15,000,000),  and  its  exports,  coffee,  gums,  and 
epices,  reached  a  similar  value.  The  water-supply  is  main- 
tained by  the  use  of  the  ancient  cisterns.     Pop.  25,000. 

Aden,  Cape.    See  Cape  Aden. 

Aden,  Gulf  of.     See  Gulf  op  Aden. 

Adena,  a-dee'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Oi,  8 
miles  E.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  a  church. 

Adenara,  or  Adanara,  d,-da-n&'r&,  an  island  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  Dutch.  Lat.  8°  17'  S. ; 
Ion.  123°  14'  E.     It  is  about  35  miles  long,  and  15  broad. 

Adenau,  i'd^n-ow^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1427. 

Aderar,  iM§-rar'  {i.e.,  "mountain"),  sometimes  written 
Aderer,  i-d§-rair',  a  mountainous  region  of  the  Western 
Sahara  (Africa),  between  Timbuctoo  and  Asben,  is  inhabited 
by  the  Awellemid,  a  powerful  Berber  tribe  who  breed  many 
sheep  and  camels.     It  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  Adrar. 

Aderbijan,  a  region  of  Persia.    See  Azerbaijan. 

Aderno,  4-d6R'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  at  the  S.E.  foot  of 
Mount  Etna,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Catania.  Pop.  14,673.  It 
has  remains  of  old  walls,  and  of  the  ancient  Adra'num. 

Adersbach,  i'd§rs-b4K\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Braunau.     Pop.  1700. 

Ad'gateville,  a  post-town  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  34  miles 
N.  of  Macon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ad'ger's,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Winnsborough. 

Ad  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles  ^Y. 
A  Cameron. 

Adiaman,  i-de-&-m4n',  a  small  town  in  Asiatic  Turkey, 
132  mUes  N.E,  by  N.  of  Aleppo ;  lat.  37°  45'  N.,  Ion.  38° 
32'  E.     It  contains  several  mosques  and  1100  houses. 

Adige,  ad'e-je  (It.  pron.  4'de-ji;  Ger.  Etsch,  etch;  L. 
Ath'esU),  9,  river  of  Northern  Italy,  formed  by  numberless 
streamlets  from  the  Helvetian  Alps,  which  unite  at  Glurns. 
It  enters  Lombardy  13  miles  S.  of  Roveredo,  and,  flowing 
S.  and  E.,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Venice  at  Porto-Fossone,  13 
miles  N.E  of  Adria,  after  a  course  of  220  miles.  Affluents 
on  the  left,  the  Passer,  Eisach,  Avisio,  and  Alpone ;  on  the 
right,  the  Noce.  The  cities  of  Glurns,  Trent,  Roveredo,  and 
Verona  are  on  its  banks ;  its  navigation  is  difficult. 

Adigetto,  4-de-jfit't6,  is  a  canal  which  commences  near 
Badia,  Italy,  passes  Rovigo,  and,  by  means  of  the  canals  of 
Nuortico  and  Bianco,  connects  the  Adige  with  the  Po. 

A'din,  a  post- village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  65  miles  £.  of 
Sisson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  weekly  paper.     Pop.  450. 

Adinatha,  a  town  of  Hindostan.    See  Adanad. 

Adiivjeek,  or  Adii^ik,  &-din-jeek',  a  small  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  near  the  S.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 
Lat.  40°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  50'  E. 

Adinkerke,  ft'din-kdR^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  1504. 

Adiron'dack,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Horicon  township,  60  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has 
a  summer  hotel  and  a  tannery. 

Adirondack,  a  village  of  Newcomb  township,  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany,  and  near  Lake 
Sanford.  Iron  ore  has  been  mined  and  smelted  here  on  a 
large  scale;  but  the  establishment  has  been  abandoned. 
Here  is  a  summer  hotel  or  inn. 

Adirondack  Mountains,  a  group  of  mountains  in 
Clinton,  Essex,  and  Franklin  counties,  N.Y.,  are  remark- 
able for  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  This  group  cul- 
minates in  Mount  Marcy,  which  is  in  Essex  co.  and  is  the 
highest  mountain  in  the  state.  Its  altitude  is  5402  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  Among  the  other  peaks  are  Dix's 
Peak,  the  Nipple  Top,  Mount  Clinton,  and  Mount  Macln- 
tyre.  The  foundations  and  central  masses  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks  are  composed  of  granite,  hypersthene,  and  other 
primary  rocks.  They  are  covered  with  forests  of  birch, 
neech,  cedar,  hemlock,  maple,  pine,  &c.      In  this  great 


Adirondack  Wilderness  are  found  a  large  number  of  lakes. 
The  mountains  crowd  so  closely  on  the  shores  of  the  lakes 
that  only  narrow  intervales  are  found  between  the  water  and 
the  steep  side  of  the  mountain.  The  Hudson  and  Saranao 
Rivers  rise  among  the  Adirondacks. 

Adirri,  a  river  of  Guinea.     Sec  Volta. 

Adjanta,  Adjayanti,  or  Adjunta.    See  Ajcmtah. 

Adjyghur,  ad-ji-giir',  or  Ajegarh,  i-j^-gar',  a  town 
and  fortress  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  130  miles  S.W.  of  Alla- 
habad. Pop.  5000.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  petty  native  state 
of  the  same  name,  with  46,000  inhabitants. 

Ad'kins  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  W.  Va., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Huntington,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Wayne 
Court-House.     It  has  several  stores. 

Adler  Kosteletz,  id'l^r  kds't^l-its,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 14  miles  S.E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  3158. 

Adiersberg,  a  mountain  of  Tyrol.     See  Arlbero. 

Adlie,  &d'lee\  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Bulgaria, 
with  a  pop.  of  about  4000. 

Adlisweil,  4d'lis-^Il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Zurich,  2  miles  S.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1849. 

Ad'mah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  about 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Hooper. 

Ad'miral  (or  Salt'springs)  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia,  British  Columbia,  is  separated  from  Vancouvei 
Island  by  Stuart  Channel  and  Sansum  Narrows.  It  is  about 
14  miles  long,  has  good  lands,  good  ports,  coal-seams,  and 
a  salt  spring. 

Admiralty  Bay,  Alaska.    See  Behring  Bay. 

Ad'miralty  In'let,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  state  of 
Washington,  connects  Puget  Sound  with  the  Strait  of  Juan 
de  Fuca.  Its  northern  part  is  contiguous  to  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia.  It  separates  the  counties  of  King  and  Snohomish 
on  the  E.  from  Jefferson  and  Kitsap  on  the  W.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  the  largest  ships,  and  in  some  places  is  nearly  10 
miles  wide.  The  shores  are  steep,  and  in  many  places  large 
ships  can  ride  close  to  the  land  and  load  without  the  inter- 
vention of  a  dock  or  wharf.    See  Pdget  Sound. 

Admiralty  Island,  a  large  island  of  Alaska,  N.E.  of 
Baranoff  Island.  Lat.  57°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  134°  15'  W.  It  is  90 
miles  long,  well  timbered,  and  inhabited  by  Sitka-kwan  In- 
dians.    Native  copper  and  coal  have  been  obtained  here. 

Admiralty  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
N.E.  of  Papua,  the  largest,  Basco,  60  miles  in  length,  and 
in  lat.  2°  S.,  Ion.  147°  19'  52"  E.  Discovered  in  1616. 
Since  1885  under  German  protection. 

Admiralty  Sound,  Terra  del  Fuego.  It  extends  in- 
land 43  miles  S.E.,  having  a  width  of  7  miles. 

Admire',  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Osage  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
public  schools.     Pop.  200. 

Adobetown,  S,-do'be-t5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Montana,  about  5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Virginia  City. 

Adoni,  3,-do'nee,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Bellary. 

Adonis,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Ibraheeu. 

Adouy,  &-don',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Danube,  28  miles  S.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3814. 

Ado'ra,  a  hamlet  of  Montague  oo.,  Tex.,  75  miles  from 
Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Adoraim,  a  Scripture  name.    See  Tanuirath  Doora. 

Adorf,  i'doRf,  the  southernmost  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Elster,  29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwickau.  Pop.  3133.  It  has 
manufactories  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  musical  instruments.  - 

Adorp,  4'doRp,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
and  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  1370. 

Adou,  an  island  of  India.    See  Addoo. 

Adour,  id^ooR'  (anc.  At'ums),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  Pyrenees,  near  Barr6ges,  passes  Bagn6res-de-Bigorre, 
Tarbes,  St.  Sever,  and  Dax,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  and, 
after  a  course  of  200  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay  N.  of 
Bayonne.   Affluents,  Midouze,  Gabas,  Luy,  and  Gave  de  Pau- 

Adowa,  or  Adova,  i'do-^ti,  a  town  of  Abyssinia, 
capital  of  Tigrg,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  145  miles  N.E.  of 
Gondar.  Lat.  14°  12' N.;  Ion.  39°  5' E.  Pop.  10,000.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out.  It  has  manufactories  of  cotton  and 
woollen  cloths,  and  is  the  chief  entrepfit  of  trade  between 
the  interior  of  Tigr6  and  the  coast. 

Ad'par,  a  town  of  Wales,  county  of  Cardigan,  on  th« 
Teify,  opposite  Newoastle-in-Emlyn,  8i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Car- 
digan. Pop.  1473.  Adpar  unites  with  Cardigan,  Aberyst- 
with,  Ac,  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Adra,  i'ori  (anc.  Abde'ra),  a  town  and  seaport  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean.    Pop.  6524,  chiefly  employed  in  lead-mining. 

Adramyti,  iMri-mee'tee  (anc.  Adram^/t'tium),  a  toAvn 
and  seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  4  miles  from  the  head  of  the 


ADR 


436 


^G 


Gulf  of  Adramyti,  and  83  miles  N.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  4000. 
It  exports  olives,  wool,  and  gall-nuts. 

Aoranos,  id'r%-no8\  or  Ed'renosS  an  ancient  town 
of  Turkey  in  Asia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Olympus,  and  135  miles  N.N.E.  of  Smyrna.  It  is 
now  in  ruins,  but  these  are  of  a  very  imposing  character. 

Adranum,  an  ancient  town  of  Sicily.    See  Aderno. 

Adr&r,  4Mrar',  or  Aderar,  iM^-rar'  (i.e.,  "mountain'^ 
in  the  Berber  language),  a  large  oasis  of  the  Sahara,  3  days' 
journey  N.W.  of  Timbuctoo.  It  produces  salt,  dates,  grain, 
and  melons.  Chief  towns,  Wadan,  Weooft,  Shingheti,  and 
Atar.     Permanent  pop.  7000.     See  also  Aderar. 

Adrara,  4-dr4'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  E.  of 
Bergamo,  with  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  1963. 

Adria^  an  ancient  name  of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

Adria,  4'dre-i  (anc.  Ha'dria,  Ha'tria,  or  A'tria),  a 
town  of  Italy,  between  the  Po  and  the  Adige,  16  miles  E.  of 
Rovigo.  Pop.  14,138.  It  has  remains  of  fine  edifices,  and 
was  anciently  a  seaport  of  such  consequence  as  to  give  its 
name  to  the  Adriatic,  from  which  it  is  now  17  miles  distant. 
Adria  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

AdViampatnam',  a  maritime  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  34  miles  S.E.  of  Tanjore. 

Adrian,  a'dre-an,  a  small  post- village  of  Hancock  co., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Adrian,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  is 
near  the  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit,  211  miles 
E.  of  Chicago,  and  S3  miles  by  railroad  S.S.E.  of  Lansing. 
A  branch  railroad,  46  miles  long,  extends  from  Adrian  to 
Jackson.  Here  is  Adrian  College,  which  was  founded  in 
1858,  and  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Protestant  Method- 
ists. Adrian  contains  an  opera-house,  4  banks,  11  churches, 
a  high  school,  several  foundries  and  flouring-mills,  2  planing- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  railroad  cars,  machinery,  car- 
riages, furniture,  car-trimmings,  Ac.  A  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9239. 

Adrian,  a  post-village  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.,  19  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Worthington,  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
creamery,  a  flouring-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  (1890)  671. 

Adrian,  a  post- village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  29  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
ofBces,  a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  613. 

Adrian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Canisteo 
township,  on  the  New  York  &  Erie  Railroad,  32  miles  W. 
of  Corning,  and  65  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Adrian,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Big  Spring 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  S.W.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  19  miles  from 
TiflSn.  _  It  has  3  churches  and  1  flour-mill.     Pop.  257. 

Adrian,  a  post-ofiice  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  at  Mont- 
gomeryville,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Kittanning. 

Adrian,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.     Pop.  681. 

A'driance,  a  station  on  the  Clove  Branch  of  the  Dutch- 
ess &  Columbia  Railroad,  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Dutchess  Junction. 

Adrianople,  ad-re-an-6'p'l,  or  Adrinople  (Turkish, 
Edreneh,  id'r^-neh;  anc.  Adrianop'olis  or  Hadrianop'- 
olU  ;  French,  Andrinople,  6NoMr4'nftp'l'),  a  city  of  European 
Turkey,  province  of  Adrianople,  built  partly  on  a  hill  and 
partly  on  the  banks  of  the  Toonja,  near  its  confluence  with 
the  Maritza,  137  miles  N.W.  of  Constantinople.  Lat.  41°  41' 
26"  N. ;  Ion.  26°  35'  41"  E.  Pop.  150,000.  It  is  connected 
by  railways  with  Constantinople,  Dedeagatch,  Yamboli,  and 
Sarembey.  It  is  considered  as  the  second  capital  of  the  em- 
pire. It  has  an  arsenal,  a  cannon-foundry,  and  numerous 
caravansaries  and  bazaars.  The  mosque  of  the  Sultan  Selim 
is  a  splendid  structure,  with  four  lofty  minarets  and  a  rich 
interior.  It  is  considered  the  finest  Moslem  temple  extant. 
Theaqueduct  which  supplies  the  city  is  also  a  noble  structure. 
Adrianople  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop.  On  the  right  bank  of 
the  Toonja,  which  is  crossed  by  a  fine  stone  bridge,  is  the  site 
of  the  Eski-Serai,  the  old  palace  of  the  sultans  (reported  to 
have  been  burned  by  the  Russians  in  1878).  Adrianople 
possesses  manufactories  of  silks,  woollens,  and  linens,  has 
dye-works  and  tanneries,  and  an  active  commerce  in  man- 
ufactured goods,  tobacco,  wool,  attar  of  roses,  and  grain. 
Adrianople  was  the  capital  of  the  Ottoman  empire  from 
1366  to  1463.  Hadrianopolis  was  founded  by  the  Emperor 
Hadrian. 

Adrianople,  a  vilayet  or  province  of  European  Turkey, 
bordering  on  the  Black  and  ^gean  Seas  and  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora. Area,  9567  square  miles.  Capital,  Adrianople.  Pop. 
(excluding  Constantinople,  which  has  a  separate  govern- 
mental organization),  1,. 349,894. 

Adriatic,  ad're-at'ic  (anc.  A'dria  and  Ma're  Adriat'- 


icum;  It.  Mare  Adriatico,  mi'ri  i-dre-i'te-ko;  Grer.  Adri- 
atischea  Meer,  i-dre-i'tish-§s  maiR ;  Fr.  Mer  Adriatique, 
maiR  4Mre^4Heek'),  or  Gnlf  of  Venice,  an  arm  of  the 
Mediterranean,  extending  from  lat.  40°  to  45°  46'  N.,  be- 
tween Italy,  lUyria,  and  Albania.  Length,  500  miles: 
mean  breadth,  100  miles.  It  is  named  from  the  city  Adria, 
and  forms  on  the  W.  the  Gulf  of  Manfredonia.  The  name 
Gulf  of  Venice  i^  more  properly  given  to  the  N.W.  part. 
On  the  E.  are  the  Gulfs  of  Triest,  Fiume,  and  Cattaro,  on 
the  coast  of  Austria,  and  of  Drin,  in  Albania.  The  shores 
are  generally  low  on  the  Venetian  side,  and  are  covered 
with  unwholesome  marshes.  On  the  Dalmatian  side  the 
waves  dash  against  enormous  rocks  and  islands  which  en- 
viron the  coast,  affording  to  vessels  a  secure  retreat  from 
storms.  During  summer  navigation  is  safe,  but  in  winter 
the  S.E.  winds  cause  much  destruction.  The  Adriatic  re- 
ceives few  rivers  of  importance,  except  the  Adige  and  the 
Po.  Its  depth,  between  Dalmatia  and  the  mouths  of  the 
Po,  is  22  fathoms ;  but  a  large  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Triest, 
and  of  the  Adriatic,  opposite  Venice,  is  less  than  12  fathoms 
deep.  Farther  to  the  S.,  where  it  is  less  affected  by  the 
influx  of  rivers,  the  gulf  deepens.  It  has  little  perceptible 
tide,  except  at  Venice,  where  there  is  a  rise  of  a  few  feet ; 
and  in  the  narrows  at  its  entrance,  where  the  ebb  and  flow 
is  well  marked.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  its  original 
depth  was  much  greater  than  it  is  now,  as  was  also  its  ex- 
tent, the  former  being  affected  by  the  deposits,  which  are 
rapidly  accumulating  at  the  bottom,  and  the  latter  by  the 
alluvial  tracts  forming  along  its  borders.  On  the  W.  coast 
a  series  of  lagoons,  formed  by  long  lines  of  sand-bars,  are 
rapidly  filling  up  and  being  converted  into  meadows  by 
jnud  brought  down  by  the  streams.  Between  the  N.  point 
of  the  Gulf  of  Triest  down  to  the  S.  of  Ravenna  there  is  an 
uninterrupted  series  of  accessions  of  land  more  than  100 
miles  in  length,  which  within  the  last  2000  years  have  in- 
creased from  2  to  20  miles  in  breadth.  The  mean  rate  of 
advance  of  the  delta  of  the  Po  on  the  Adriatic,  between  the 
years  1200  and  1600,  was  about  27  yards  a  year;  the  mean 
annual  gain,  from  1600  to  1804,  was  76  yards,  and  at  present 
it  exceeds  200  feet. 

Adriers,  4^dree^aiR',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Vienne,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  L'Isle-Jourdain.     Pop.  1762. 

Adro,  4'dro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2392. 

Ad  Statuas,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain.    See  Oliva. 

Adu'Iis,  Adule,  4-doo'l§h,  or  Znlla,  zoori4,  the  ruins 
of  an  ancient  town  of  Abyssinia,  near  the  head  of  Annesley 
Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ar- 
keeko.     Lat.  15°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  39°  55'  E. 

Aduncum,  a  town  of  ancient  Italy.     See  Donqo. 

Adur,  4'diir,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  flows  S., 
and  enters  the  English  Channel  at  Shoreham. 

Aduskeiia,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Orsova. 

Ad  Valles,  a  town  of  ancient  Italy.     See  Vallt. 

Advance',  a  post  village  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Midland  Railway,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Lebanon.     Pop.  200. 

Advance,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Eveline  township,  on  Pine  Lake,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Petoskey.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  200. 

Advance,  a  post-village  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.,  26  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Cape  Girardeau.     Pop.  150. 

Advance,  a  post-village  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Fulton 
township,  14  miles  from  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tobacco-factory. 

Advance,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  10  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Adven'ture  Bay,  a  large  bay  in  Brun6  Island,  off  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Tasmania.     It  is  well  sheltered. 

Adven'ture  Sound  and  Har'bor,  E.  of  Falkland 
Islands.  The  former  is  20  miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  4 
miles  in  breadth.     The  latter  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the  sound. 

Ad'vocate  Har'bor,  a  seaport  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Channel,  33  miles  W.  of  Parrs- 
borough.  The  harbor  is  safe  and  commodious.  At  Cape 
d'Or,  near  here,  there  are  copper-mines.     Pop.  600. 

Adyeville,  ad'e-vil,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Clark  township,  16  miles  N.  of  Troy.  It  is  on  Anderson 
River.  It  has  1  church,  a  cigar-factory,  a  tobacco-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  40  houses. 

^dni  liUgdunenses.    See  Lyonnois. 

.^dui  Matisconnenses.    See  Maconnois. 

iSgabrnm,  an  ancient  name  of  Cabra. 

iEgades,  ee'g5.-d6z,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Sicily,  from  15  to  35  miles  W.  of  Trapani,  the  principal 
being  Favignana,  Levanzo,  and  Maritimo. 

iEgae,  the  ancient  name  of  Aias. 


i 


iEG 


437 


AFG 


JCgean  (e-jee'an)  Sea,  or  Gre'cian  Archipel'ago, 

that  part  of  the  Mediterranean  lying  between  Asia  Minor  on 
the  E.,  Greece  and  part  of  Turkey  on  the  W.,  and  the  latter 
country  on  the  N.  Its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  about  400 
miles;  its  breadth,  generally,  upwards  of  200,  excepting  at 
Cape  Doro,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Euboea,  where 
it  narrows  to  90  miles,  but  afterwards  widens  to  nearly  its 
former  width.  Its  depth  is  very  great,  there  being,  in  many 
places,  at  less  than  a  mile  from  the  shore,  no  bottom  to  be 
found  with  a  200-fathom  line.  It  contains  numerous  islands, 
many  of  which  are  of  volcanic  origin ;  others  are  composed 
entirely  of  pure  white  marble,  their  mountain  elevations 
having  an  average  height  of  from  1500  to  1800  feet. 

iHgericus,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Gers. 

.dGgida,  an  ancient  name  of  Capo  d'Istkia. 

.£gilia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cerigotto. 

iEgina,  £gina,  e-ji'na,  or  £ngia,  en'je-^  an  island 
of  Greece,  in  the  Gulf  of  ^gina  {Saron'icus  Si'nus),  16  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Athens.  Lat.  of  Mount  St.  Elias,  on  the  S.  part, 
37°  41'  9"  N.;  Ion.  23°  30'  E.  The  island  is  8  miles  in 
length,  and  about  the  same  in  breadth.  It  was  anciently 
celebrated  for  the  splendor  of  its  buildings,  among  which 
was  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  on  Mount  St.  Elias.    Pop.  6000. 

./£gina,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  the  island  of  .^gina.  For 
Bome  time  it  was  the  residence  of  the  Greek  senate  and  gov- 
ernor.    Pop.  about  3000. 

.^ginm,  the  ancient  name  of  Yostizza. 

Aeglesberg,  an  ancient  name  of  Aylesbury. 

.^gusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Favignana  and  Linosa. 

Aegypten,  ^gyptus.    See  Egypt. 

^gyra,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Xilo-Castron. 

JBiopolis,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Hit. 

Aeltere,  a.l'te-reh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the  railway 
from  Ghent  to  Bruges,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop. 
6680. 

JBmilia,  an  Italian  province.    See  Emilia. 

.^miliannm,  the  ancient  name  of  Millat;. 

iEmona,  the  ancient  name  of  Laybach. 

^naria,  an  ancient  name  of  Ischia. 

Aeng>Ava,  an  ancient  name  of  Ava. 

^nipons,  the  ancient  name  of  Innsprtjck. 

iSnona,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Nona. 

.^nos,  the  ancient  name  of  Enos. 

.^nusses.    See  Spalmadore  Islands. 

^olise  Insulse.    See  Lipari  Islands. 

i£olus,  Mount.    See  Mount  .ffioLus. 

Aernen,  aiR'nen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Brieg.   Pop.  374. 

Aerde,  4'ro'eh,  written  also  Arroe,  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Baltic,  10  miles  S.  of  Funen,  14  miles  in  length 
by  5  miles  in  mean  breadth.     Pop.  11,776. 

Aeroeskiobing,  i'rij-es-kyo'bing  (i.e.,  the  "mart  of 
Aeroe"),  a  town  and  seaport,  capital  of  the  above  island,  on 
the  N.E.  side.     Pop.  1583. 

Aerschot,  or  Aarschot,  &R'skot,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
province  of  South  Brabant,  at  an  important  railway  junction, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  4500. 

Aerseele,  |R'si-l?h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3050. 

Aertrycke,  8,R'trI-k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  8  miles'S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3175. 

Aerzen,  aiRt's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Hameln.     It  has  powder-works.     Pop.  1453. 

Aesch,  &sh,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Basel- 
land,  6  miles  S.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1368. 

.dBsernia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Isernia. 

^sis,  the  ancient  name  of  Iesi. 

.^stuarium  Vavaris.    See  Moray  Firth. 

^thalia,  the  ancient  name  of  Elba. 

Ethiopia,  the  Latin  name  of  Ethiopia. 

iSthnsa)  an  ancient  name  of  Favignana. 

(£tna,  a  volcano  of  Sicily.     See  Etna. 

^tna,  St'na,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  111.  Pop.  920. 
it  contains  Chestnut. 

.ffitna,  a  township  of  Mecosta  CO.,  Mich.  Pop.  1122.  It 
contains  part  of  Morley. 

^tna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  in  Denver 
township,  on  White  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  75. 

■^tna  Mills,  Massachusetts.     See  Bemis  Station. 

■^tolia,  e-to'le-a,  a  district  of  Greece,  on  the  continent, 
between  lat.  38°  17'  and  38°  50'  N.,  and  Ion.  21°  10'  and 
22°  5'  E.,  forming  with  Acamania  one  of  the  governments 
of  the  kingdom.  It  is  mostly  mountainous,  but  along  the 
Corinthian  gulf  barley,  rye,  and  olives  are  raised.  Chief 
river,  the  Phidaris.  Capital  of  the  government,  Missolonghi. 

— ^Adj.  and  inhab.  .Sh'OLiAN,  e-to'le-q,n. 


JBtol'ikon,  or  Anatol'iko,  a  town  of  Greece,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Missolonghi,  on  an  island  in  a  lagoon.     Pop.  2964. 

Afar,  i^far',  or  Danakil,  d&-n&'keel,  a  nomadic  people 
of  Eastern  Africa,  inhabitating  the  regions  known  as  Dan- 
kali,  Adal,  and  Adel.  They  are  of  many  tribes,  and  are  a 
finely-formed,  warlike  race,  with  crisped  hair  and  nearly 
black  complexion.     They  are  Mohammedans. 

Affoltern,  if-fol't^m,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Bern,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.  Pop.  1061.  Gross-Affoltern, 
in  the  same  canton,  has  1594  pop. 

Affoltern,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zurich, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2020. 

Afghanistan,  if-gin4s-tin'  ("Afghan-land"  or  "Af- 
ghan-country"), an  inland  country  of  Asia,  lying  between  lat. 
28°  50'  and  36°  30'  N.,  and  Ion,  62°  and  72°  30'  E.,  having 
E.  the  Punjab,  S.  Bhawlpoor,  Sinde,  and  Beloochistan,  W. 
the  Persian  dominions,  and  N.  Toorkistan,  of  which  it  in- 
cludes a  part.  Area  estimated  at  225,000  square  miles,  and 
the  population  at  about  5,000,000.  From  the  table-land  in 
the  N.,  varying  from  15,000  to  16,000  feet  in  height  (the 
highest  part  being  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  20,493  feet),  many 
mountain-ranges  proceed  to  the  S.,  E.,  and  W.  Although  by 
far  the  greater  portion  of  Afghanistan  is  a  land  of  deserts  and 
mountains,  of  inhospitable  character,  there  are  many  fertile 
valleys,  well  watered,  covered  with  clover,  thyme,  violets, 
and  odoriferous  plants,  and  remarkable  for  their  picturesque 
beauty.  In  these  spots  grain  is  grown  in  abundance,  and 
fruits  of  all  kinds  abound,  including  oranges,  grapes,  pome- 
granates, apricots,  apples,  quinces,  peaches,  pears,  plums, 
almonds,  and  walnuts.  The  most  extensive  of  these  valleys 
or  plains  are  those  of  Cabool  and  Peshawer ;  but  there  is  abo 
an  exceedingly  rich  level  tract  in  the  vicinity  of  Herat.  A 
great  part  of  Seistan,  in  the  S.W.  part,  is  a  mere  desert,  as  is 
likewise  a  large  portion  of  the  adjacent  country,  extending 
over  a  space  of  about  300  miles  in  length  by  100  in  breadth. 

The  climate  is  various,  the  cold  being  often  severe  in  the 
higher  regions,  and  the  heat  intense  in  the  lower.  The  sum- 
mits of  the  mountains  are  often  covered  with  snow,  while  the 
summer  heat  of  the  plains  is  almost  intolerable.  Sebee,  in 
lat.  29°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  67°  58'  E.,  is  regarded  as  the  hot- 
test place  in  the  territory.  It  is  also  extremely  hot,  in  the 
summer,  at  Candahar,  the  thermometer  being  frequently 
above  110°  in  the  shade;  while  in  winter  the  inhabitants 
suffer  from  cold,  fuel  being  extremely  scarce.  At  Cabool 
the  snow  lies  for  several  months  together,  during  which  the 
people  remain  in  their  houses  and  sleep  close  to  the  stoves, 
the  thermometer  falling  to  5°  or  6°  below  zero.  The 
prevailing  winds  are  from  the  west,  and  are  in  general 
cold;  the  easterly  winds  are  hot.  The  climate,  on  the 
whole,  however,  is  favorable  to  the  human  constitution,  and 
in  some  parts  highly  salubrious :  diseases  are  few ;  the 
principal  are  fevers,  agues,  smallpox,  and  ophthalmia. 

Afghanistan  is  a  sort  of  feudal  monarchy,  the  crown  being 
hereditary.  It  is  now  divided  into  four  principal  parts :  1, 
Caboolistan,  or  Afghanistan  proper,  in  the  N.E.,  governed  by 
an  ameer  or  khan,  subsidized  by  the  British,  and  recognized 
by  them  as  sovereign  of  Afghanistan ;  2,  Eastern  Khorassan, 
or  the  kingdom  of  Herat,  which  is  under  an  Afghan  prince; 
3,  Khoondooz  and  Balkh,  with  Khooloom  and  the  Four  Do- 
mains, on  the  N.,  long  regarded  as  a  part  of  Toorkistan,  but 
now  subject  to  the  Afghan  power;  4,  the  Helmund  basin, 
of  which  the  E.  part  is  called  Candahar,  and  the  W.  Seis- 
tan ;  but  a  part  of  Seistan  is  not  under  the  Afghan  sway. 

The  chief  rivers  are  the  Cabool,  Helmund,  Gomul,  Lora, 
&o.,  but  none  is  of  great  size.  The  morass  Hamoon,  in  the 
S.W.,  scarcely  belongs  to  Afghanistan :  the  only  lake  of 
consequence  is  that  of  Abistada.  The  vegetation  in  the 
lowlands  is  like  that  of  India;  rice,  cotton,  the  sugar-cane, 
millet,  maize,  and  turmeric  are  raised.  In  the  uplands,  the 
timber-trees,  herbs,  and  fruits  of  Europe  grow,  and  wheat, 
barley,  beans,  turnips,  mustard,  and  grasses  are  cultivated. 
Cabool  excels  in  the  variety  and  excellence  of  its  fruits.  To- 
bacco is  extensively  produced.  Gold,  silver,  mercury,  iron, 
lead,  copper,  antimony,  coal,  sulphur,  and  naphtha  are  met 
with.  Arts  and  husbandry  are  in  a  very  low  condition; 
carpets  are  made  at  Herat,  but  other  manufactures  are  few, 
mostly  confined  to  cotton,  woollen,  felt,  and  silk  stufls  for 
home  use,  with  saddlery,  harness,  and  cattle-trappings.  Sheep 
and  goats  are  abundant,  producing  a  fine  wool,  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  shawls.  Imports,  coarse  cottons,  indigo, 
muslins,  silks,  and  brocade,  ivory,  wax,  sandal-wood,  sugar, 
and  spices,  from  India;  horses,  gold  and  silver,  and  cloth, 
from  'Toorkistan ;  silks,  cotton,  and  embroidery,  from  Persia ; 
slaves,  from  Arabia  and  Abyssinia;  silks,  tea,  porcelain, 
dyes,  and  precious  metals,  overland  from  China ;  and  dates 
and  cocoanuts,  from  Beloochistan.  The  exports  consist  of 
madder,  assafoetida,  tobacco,  fruits,  and  horses,  with  fure. 


AFI 


438 


AFR 


shawls,  and  wool,  to  India ;  shawls,  turbans,  indigo,  and 
other  Indian  produce,  to  Toorkistan ;  and  the  same  articles, 
with  Herat  carpets,  to  Persia.  The  transit  trade  is  con- 
siderable, and  wholly  conducted  by  means  of  camels  and 
horses,  the  employment  of  wheeled  vehicles  being  impracti- 
cable. The  population  comprises  Beloochees,  Oozbecks,  Hu- 
sarehs,  Eimauks,  Persians,  and  Hindoos;  but  the  great  mass 
are  of  the  Afghan  race,  and  Mohammedans  of  the  Soonite 
sect.  They  are  classed  as  Indo-Europeans,  and  speak  the 
Puchtoo  language,  which  is  so  harsh  that  Mohammed  called 
it  "  the  language  of  hell."  There  are  numerous  other  lan- 
guages spoken.  Perhaps  no  people  in  the  world  are  more 
turbulent  or  more  impatient  of  restraint  than  those  of  Af- 
ghanistan. Chief  cities,  Cabool,  Candahar,  Herat,  Peshawer, 

Jelalabad,    and    Ghuznee. Adj.    and    inhab.  Afghan, 

4f-gin'  or  if-ghaun'. 

Afioom,  Afioum,  Afium,  4-fe-oom',  or  Afinm- 
Karahissar,  kiVi'his-san'  ("Black  Castle  of  Opium"),  a 
city  of  Asia  Minor,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kutaieh.  Pop. 
about  20,000.  It  is  pretty  well  built;  has  a  citadel  crown- 
ing a  lofty  rock,  numerous  mosques,  chapels,  baths,  khans, 
manufactures  of  felts,  carpets,  arms,  saddlery,  stirrups,  and 
a  large  trade  in  opium,  grown  near  it,  whence  its  name. 
Afioom  is  the  seat  of  an  Armenian  bishop. 

AflfU ,  i^flij',  a  small  hilly  Wahabee  district  of  Nedjed,  in 
Arabia,  S.W.  of  Aared.    Pop.  16,000.    Chief  town,  Kharfah, 

AflenZ)  if'lSnts,  a  village  of  Styria  (Austria),  has  mar- 
ble-quarries.    Pop.  2645. 

Aiognak,  k-iog-nkk',  an  inhabited  island  off  the  coast 
of  Alaska,  N.  of  Kadiak,  and  separated  from  the  mainland 
by  Shelikoff  Strait. 

Afragola,  i-fri-go'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  of  commune,  17,899.  It  has 
extensive  manufactures  of  straw  bonnets. 

Africa^  afre-ka  (Gr.  Lib'ya ;  Fr.  Afrique,  i^freek'; 
Ger.  Afrika,  i'fre-kS,;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.,  Africa,  i'fre-ki), 
a  continent  and  vast  peninsula  connected  with  Asia  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Suez.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean, on  the  E.  by  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean, 
on  the  S.  by  the  Southern  Ocean,  on  the  W.  and  S.W. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  lies  between  lat.  37°  20'  N. 
and  35°  S.,  and  between  51°  22'  E.  Ion.  and  17°  33'  W., 
being  about  5000  miles  in  length  from  Cape  Blanco  to  Cape 
Agulhas,  which  is  the  most  southern  point.  Its  greatest 
breadth  is  nearly  4800  miles,  from  Cape  Guardafui,  or  Ras 
Jerdaffoon,  which  is  the  most  eastern  point,  to  Cape  Verd, 
which  is  the  western  extremity.  The  area  is  estimated  at 
11,500,000  square  miles.  The  coast-line,  which  measures 
about  16,000  miles,  is  less  indented  than  those  of  the  other 
continents,  and  presents  few  good  harbors  and  no  great 
gulfs  or  inlets  except  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  which  is  only  a 
gradual  bend  or  trending  of  the  shore.  The  civilization  of 
Africa  has  been  retarded  by  this  compact  configuration, 
which  offers  no  facilities  for  penetrating  into  the  interior 
by  navigable  waters.  Africa  is  nearly  all  in  the  torrid  zone, 
and  is  the  warmest  of  all  the  continents.  The  most  impor- 
tant capes  have  been  mentioned  above,  except  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  which  is  near  the  southern  extremity. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Among  the  remarkable  physical 
features  of  Africa  is  the  desert  of  Sahara,  the  largest  in  the 
world,  extending  from  Nubia,  or  the  Nile,  to  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  is  about  3000  miles  long,  several  hundred  miles 
wide,  and  has  an  area  of  about  2,000,000  square  miles.  The 
Sahara  is  not,  however,  a  monotonous  plain  or  an  immense 
expanse  of  sand.  Its  uniformity  is  broken  by  high  table- 
lands, rocky  hills,  wadys  or  ravines,  and  fertile  oases.  The 
rocks  found  near  the  surface  are  mostly  granite  and  sand- 
stone. The  barrenness  of  the  soil  is  caused  by  the  absence 
of  rain.  (See  Sahara.)  The  principal  oases  of  this  desert 
are  those  of  Asben,  Fezzan,  and  Seewab.  Between  the  Sa- 
hara and  the  northwest  coast  are  the  fertile  and  well-watered 
countries  of  Algeria  and  Morocco.  In  central  Africa,  be- 
tween the  Sahara  and  the  equator,  is  a  vast  table-land, 
rising  by  successive  terraces  from  the  coast  to  the  interior. 
The  general  elevation  of  this  table-land  is  estimated  at 
about  4000  feet  above  the  sea,  but  its  surface  presents  great 
inequalities,  from  the  depressions  which  are  occupied  by  the 
great  lakes,  to  the  high  mountains  which  rise  above  its 
luvel.  A  large  part  of  equatorial  Africa  has  lately  been 
drawn  from  its  obscurity,  showing  a  country  of  unexcelled 
fertility.  The  sources  of  the  Nile  and  Congo  Rivers  have 
been  approached  though  not  definitely  fixed.  The  prin- 
cipal groups  or  systems  of  mountains  are  the  Atlas,  in  the 
northwest;  the  Abyssinian  Mountains;  the  Mountains  of 
Kong,  between  Guinea  and  the  basin  of  the  Joliba;  a 
range  called  Lupata,  which  is  the  east  escarpment  of  the 
plateau  of  South  Africa;  a  system  of  equatorial  mountains 


culminating  in  Mounts  Kilima-Njaro  and  Kenia,  covered 
with  perpetual  snow, — these  are  sometimes  called  Mountains 
of  the  Moon ;  the  Cataeroons  Mountains,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Guinea;  the  Sierra  Maxengo,  which  extends  northwaid 
from  the  16th  parallel  of  south  latitude,  and  is  supposed  to 
rise  17,000  feet  above  the  sea.  The  highest  mountain  that 
has  been  discovered  on  this  continent  is  Kilima-Njaro  (lat. 
3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  37°  15'  E.),  the  height  of  which  is  estimated 
at  18,715  feet  (some  say  20,000)  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Mount  Kenia,  which  is  about  lat.  1°  S.,  is  computed  to  be 
18,000  feet  high.  Mount  Abba-Yared,  a  peak  of  the  Abys- 
sinian Mountains,  is  estimated  at  15,000  feet.  The  highest 
peak  of  the  Atlas  group  is  Mount  Miltseen  (or  Miltsin), 
11,400  feet.  Among  the  remarkable  volcanoes  are  the 
Cameroons  Mountains,  on  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Guinea, 
the  highest  peak  of  which  is  13,700  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Africa  appears  to  be  less  disturbed  by  volcanic  action  and 
earthquakes  than  the  other  continents. 

Rivers  and  Lakes. — Compared  with  America  and  Asia, 
this  continent  is  deficient  in  great  navigable  rivers.  The 
capabilities  of  the  African  rivers  as  avenues  of  approach  to 
the  interior  are  comparatively  small,  most  of  them  being 
either  obstructed  by  sand-bars  at  the  mouths  or  by  rapids 
and  cataracts  at  no  great  distance  from  the  coast.  There 
are  two  large  areas  of  continental  drainage  from  which  no 
water  flows  directly  to  the  ocean.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Nile,  the  Joliba,  Quorra,  or  Niger,  the  Senegal,  the 
Congo  or  Zaire,  the  Zambezi  or  Quilimane,  the  Juba,  the 
Limpopo,  the  Orange  or  Gareep,  the  Atbara,  the  Blue  Nile 
(Bahr-el-Azrek),  the  Gambia,  the  Rio  Grande,  and  the 
Shari.  In  Northern  Africa  there  is  an  area  of  about 
4,000,000  square  miles,  extending  from  the  Nile  valley  to 
l;he  Atlantic,  from  which  not  a  single  river  finds  its  way  to 
the  ocean.  The  Nile  (Bahr-el-Abiad)  rises  near  the  equa- 
tor among  high  mountains,  issues  from  a  large  lake  called 
Albert  Nyanza,  flows  northward  through  Sennaar,  Nubia, 
and  Egypt,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  after  a  course  of 
about  3500  miles.  The  Nile  is  the  oldest  of  historical  rivers, 
and  yet  its  origin  remained  a  mystery  or  secret  almost  to 
the  present  day.  (See  Nile.)  "  Among  African  rivers," 
says  Sir  John  Herschel,  "  the  Nile  is  the  only  conspicuous 
one,  and  is  in  many  respects  the  most  remarkable  river  in 
the  world, — as  the  seat  of  the  earliest  civilization,  as  a  per- 
petual witness  to  the  stability  of  those  great  natural  arrange- 
ments by  which  the  wants  of  one  region  are  supplied  by 
the  superfluities  of  another,  and  as  a  geological  chronometer 
by  which  some  insight  may  be  obtained  into  the  duration 
of  the  existing  order  of  things  antecedent  to  history." 
(Physical  Geography.)  The  greatest  rivers  of  Western 
Africa  are  the  Joliba  (Niger),  which  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Guinea  through  the  Bight  of  Benin,  and  the  Congo,  which 
enters  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean.  Among  the  large  lakes  of 
Africa  are  the  Chad  or  Tsad,  which  is  in  Borneo  or  Soodan, 
under  lat.  14°  N.,  and  is  about  200  miles  long ;  Albert  Ny- 
anza, under  the  equator,  about  150  miles  long;  Victoria 
Nyanza,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Nile,  and  intersected  by 
the  equator;  Lake  Nyassa,  in  theS.E.  part,  between  lat.  11° 
and  14°  S.,  about  250  miles  long ;  Lake  Tanganyika,  which 
is  nearly  100  miles  S.  of  Lake  Albert  Nyanza,  and  has  an 
area  of  about  10,000  square  miles ;  Lake  Dembea,  in  Abys- 
sinia; and  Lake  N'gami,  which  is  near  20°  S.  lat.  and  23° 
E.  Ion.  For  fuller  descriptions  of  rivers  and  lakes,  see  sep- 
arate articles. 

Climate. — Africa  lies  mostly  in  the  torrid  zone,  and  is  the 
hottest  of  all  the  continents ;  but  the  greatest  heat  is  not 
found  under  the  equator,  for  here  the  heat  is  tempered  by 
the  great  elevation  of  the  surface,  by  the  shade  of  dense 
forests,  and  by  copious  rains,  which  fall  almost  incessantly 
during  six  or  more  months  of  the  year.  The  highest  tem- 
perature is  found  in  the  arid  desert  of  Sahara,  and  in  Nubia, 
where  the  Arabs  say  "  the  soil  is  like  fire  and  the  wind  like  a 
flame."  Whirlwinds  extremely  hot  and  dry,  carrying  sand  up 
into  the  atmosphere,  often  occur  in  these  deserts.  Northern 
Africa  is  exposed  to  hot  winds  which  blow  from  the  Sahara, 
and  are  called  Sirocco  in  Morocco,  Khamsin  in  Egypt,  and 
Harmattan  in  other  parts.  The  western  coast  of  Africa  be 
tween  the  tropics  is  very  unhealthy.  The  miasma  of  the 
swamps,  marshes,  and  rivers  gives  its  climate  a  fatal  distinc- 
tion for  pestilential  malaria.  About  one-third  of  the  Euro- 
Eeans  who  have  endeavored  to  ascend  the  Senegal  River 
ave  perished  in  the  attempt.  Many  travellers  have  lost 
their  lives  in  expeditions  to  discover  the  source  of  the  Niger. 
The  year  in  Africa  (except  the  Sahara)  is  divided  into  two 
seasons,  the  wet,  which  is  the  coldest  season,  and  the  dry, 
which  is  the  period  of  greatest  heat.  Some  regions,  how- 
ever, have  two  wet  seasons  in  a  year.  The  winds  and  rains 
depend  on  the  movement  of  the  land  beneath  the  sun  or 


AFR 


439 


AFR 


the  relative  position  of  the  sun,  which  generally  causes  rain 
in  tropical  regions  when  it  comes  to  the  zenith.  In  Abys- 
sinia, Bornoo,  and  Soodan  the  rainy  season  is  between 
April  and  the  1st  of  October.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Zam- 
bezi, and  in  other  parts  of  Southern  Africa,  the  rainy  sea- 
son commences  in  October  or  November  and  continues  till 
March.  The  Guinea  Coast  has  its  greater  rainy  season  from 
March  to  June,  and  its  lesser  rains  occur  in  October  and 
November.  The  average  temperatures  of  the  extreme 
months  of  the  year  at  various  points  in  Africa  are  given  in 
the  following  table : 


Jan. 

July. 

Jan. 

July. 

Cairo 

55.8 

62 

75.6 

82 

86 

86 

94.3 

83.8 

77.5 
80.2 

Gondokoro  (5°  N.)- 
Ankober,  Abyssinia. 
Zanzibar 

Cape  Town  (34°  S.).. 
Elmiua,  Grold  Coast- 

89.3 
52 
83.3 
74.3 

79.7 

78.5 

68 

Kooka,  Borneo.... 

Sierra  Leone 

Mouth  of  Niger . 

77.1 
67.6 

76.7 

Minerals. — Gold,  copper,  iron,  diamonds,  salt,  limestone, 
granite,  sandstone,  trachyte,  trap,  gneiss,  and  other  meta- 
morphic  rocks  are  found  in  various  places.  Gold  is,  per- 
haps, the  metal  most  widely  distributed.  The  gold-fields 
of  the  Transvaal  territory  and  of  the  country  which  ex- 
tends thence  to  the  Zambezi  are  numerous,  but  no  yield 
has  as  yet  been  discovered  of  suflScient  quantities  to  over- 
come the  difficulties  of  working  and  of  transport  to  the 
distant  seaports.  The  diamond-fields  in  the  districts  of 
the  Vaal  and  Orange  Rivers  are  steadily  worked,  and  give 
good  returns. 

Vegetable  Productions. — In  the  extreme  north,  groves  of 
oranges  and  olives,  plains  covered  with  barley,  maize,  and 
wheat,  forests  of  evergreen  oaks,  pines,  and  cork-trees,  in- 
termixed with  the  fig-tree,  cypress,  arbutus,  sandarach  ( Cal- 
litris),  and  myrtle,  form  the  principal  features  of  the  land- 
scape. The  region  of  the  Atlas  produces  7  or  more  species 
of  oaks.  Among  the  indigenous  and  cultivated  plants  of 
Egypt  are  the  papyrus,  cotton,  doum  palm,  acacia,  onion, 
lotus,  tamarind,  wheat,  and  rice.  In  the  arid  region  which 
lies  S.  of  the  Atlas  Mountains  and  on  the  borders  of  Sahara, 
the  date  palm  {Phoenix  dactylifera)  is  very  abundant  and 
forms  the  characteristic  feature.  It  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  a  hot  and  dry  climate,  and  flourishes  where  few  other 
trees  could  grow.  The  natives  of  these  regions  depend  on 
the  date  almost  entirely  for  their  subsistence,  and  use  the 
sap  of  the  tree  as  a  beverage.  Palms  of  different  species 
are  found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  continent  except  the  ex- 
treme south.  The  coffee-tree  grows  in  Benguela,  Liberia, 
and  Abyssinia,  the  latter  being  its  native  country,  and  also 
producing  oranges,  lemons,  and  peaches.  Senegambia  and 
other  tropical  regions  produce  the  baobab  or  monkey- 
bread  tree  {Adansonia  digitata),  the  trunk  of  which  is  said 
to  attain  a  diameter  of  20  feet.  The  region  which  lies 
between  lat.  10°  N.  and  10°  S.  is  mostly  covered  with  dense 
forests  of  gigantic  trees,  and  a  rank  growth  of  underbrush 
and  creeping  plants  almost  impervious  to  the  rays  of  a  ver- 
tical sun.  "  The  climbing  plants,"  says  Livingstone,  "  from 
the  size  of  whip-cord  to  that  of  a  man-of-war's  hawser,  are 
60  numerous  that  the  ancient  path  is  the  only  passage." 
Among  the  valuable  productions  of  the  western  coast  and 
tropical  portions  are  the  cotton-tree,  coffee,  the  EUeis  Gui- 
neensis,  which  affords  palm  oil  and  wine,  the  cabbage  palm, 
the  butter-tree,  the  banana,  the  gum  copal,  the  yam,  the 
papaw,  the  pea-nut  {Arachis  hypogxa),  tamarind,  and 
custard-apple.  Frankincense,  myrrh,  cinnamon,  and  other 
spices  grow  in  Northeastern  Africa.  In  the  temperate  parts 
of  South  Africa  heaths  grow  in  great  profusion  and  are  the 
most  characteristic  vegetation.  About  500  species  of  heaths, 
many  of  which  bear  beautiful  flowers,  have  been  discovered 
here.  "  South  Africa,"  says  Sir  John  Herschel,  "  has  a  very 
peculiar  and  striking  vegetation.  The  mesembryanthemum 
and  stapelia  families  are  especially  abundant,  but  little  con- 
spicuous in  comparison  with  the  heaths,  which  there  luxu- 
riate in  astonishing  profusion,  as  well  as  the  geraniums  and 
pelargonia.  Innumerable  bulbous  genera  and  everlastings 
clothe  the  sandy  flats  and  mountain  terraces  with  beautiful 
flowers." 

Ajnimals. — Africa  is  remarkable  for  the  multitude  and 
variety  of  its  animals,  and  the  fauna  of  this  continent 
differs  in  many  respects  from  that  of  the  other  grand  divis- 
ions of  the  globe.  Some  writers  state  that  there  are  250 
species  of  mammals  peculiar  to  Africa.  According  to  An- 
drew Murray,  472  species  of  terrestrial  mammals  are  pecu- 
liar to  this  continent,  and  among  them  are  94  sj)ecies  of 
quadrumana,  76  of  carnivora,  74  of  ungulata,  and  121  of 


rodentia.  Among  the  carnivorous  animals  are  the  lion, 
leopard,  panther,  hyena,  wolf,  fox,  dog,  jackal,  ichneumon, 
caracal,  and  civet-cat.  Lions,  leopards,  and  panthers  are 
numerous  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  continent.  A  few  bears 
inhabit  the  Atlas  Mountains.  The  order  of  pachydermata 
is  represented  by  the  elephant,  rhinoceros,  hippopotamus, 
zebra,  and  wild  boar.  Africa  is  said  to  produce  about  7(' 
species  of  ruminantia,  among  which  are  the  buffalo,  giraffe, 
eland,  and  50  or  more  other  species  of  antelope.  Large  herds 
of  the  eland  are  found  in  South  Africa.  The  giraffe,  one 
of  the  quadrupeds  peculiar  to  Africa,  ranges  from  the  limits 
of  the  Cape  Colony  as  far  as  the  Sahara  and  Nubia.  The 
camel  is  commonly  used  as  a  beast  of  burden  in  Northern 
Africa.  The  gorilla,  the  most  formidable  of  the  apes,  is 
limited  to  a  narrow  region  of  Central  Africa.  The  baboon, 
chimpanzee,  and  several  species  of  monkey  are  found  in 
many  parts  of  the  continent.  Among  the  large  reptiles  is 
the  crocodile,  which  abounds  in  the  Nile  and  nearly  all  the 
large  rivers  and  lakes.  Africa  is  the  chief  home  of  the 
ostrich,  which  prefers  the  desert  and  open  plains.  Among 
the  other  birds  are  the  vulture,  falcon,  secretary-bird,  quail, 
partridge,  and  guinea-fowl,  which  is  the  only  indigenous 
bird  of  tlie  gallinaceous  order.  Many  thousand  species  of 
insects  are  found  here.  The  locust  has  been  from  time 
immemorial  the  scourge  of  this  continent,  which  is  also 
infested  by  termites  or  white  ants,  and  by  venomous  flies 
called  zebub  and  tsetse. 

Population  and  Races. — Between  the  Mediterranean  Sea 
and  lat.  20°  N.  the  population  consists  largely  of  tribes  or 
races  that  are  not  indigenous,  being  Arabs,  Turks,  Moors, 
and  Frenchmen,  who  have  gained  possession  by  conquest. 
Egypt  is  in  part  peopled  by  Copts,  supposed  to  be  descend- 
ants of  the  ancient  Egyptians,  but  probably  a  mixed  race. 
They  profess  the  Christian  religion,  and  speak  a  peculiar 
language  called  Coptic.  A  large  majority  of  the  African 
population  belongs  to  two  races,  perhaps  the  only  primitive 
or  aboriginal  races  of  this  continent,  the  Berbers  and  the 
Negroes  or  Ethiopian  race.  The  Berbers  are  nomadic  tribes 
who  occupy  the  mountainous  regions  of  Barbary  and  the 
Sahara,  and  are  sometimes  called  Kabyles.  The  Berber 
nation  or  people  is  one  of  great  antiquity,  and  ever  since 
the  earliest  historical  period  has  been  spread  over  all  North- 
ern Africa  {Mauritania  and  Numidia)  from  the  Red  Sea  to 
the  Straits  of  Gibraltar.  They  are  athletic,  warlike,  and  ad- 
dicted to  predatory  modes  of  gaining  a  subsistence.  They 
are  zealous  Mohammedans.  The  Berber  language  has  some 
affinity  with  the  Semitic  languages.  A  part  of  South  Africa 
is  peopled  with  Hottentots,  who  are  entirely  different  from 
the  negro  race.  The  color  of  their  skin  is  olive  or  dull 
yellow,  resembling  a  dried  tobacco-leaf.  They  are  short  in 
stature,  about  4i  feet  high,  with  oblique  eyes,  thin  beard, 
and  high  cheek-bones.  They  are  a  lively,  cheerful,  good- 
humored  people,  of  pastoral  habits. 

The  Ethiopic  race  occupies  Central  Africa  and  nearly  all 
the  countries  between  Cape  Colony  and  the  20th  parallel  of 
N.  latitude.  A  line  drawn  from  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal 
to  Cape  Guardafui  passes  near  the  northern  limit  of  the 
negro  population.  They  are  characterized  by  thick  lips, 
woolly  hair,  and  receding  foreheads,  with  <i  skin  which 
varies  from  black  to  brown.  Mohammedanism  and  Fetish- 
ism are  the  prevailing  religions  of  Africa.  Human  sacri- 
fices are  practised  by  some  tribes  on  great  occasions.  Among 
the  principal  negro  nations  are  the  Mandingoes,  the  Foolahs, 
the  Yolofs,  and  the  Ashantees.  They  are  in  a  low  state  of 
intellectual  development,  have  made  little  progress  in  civil- 
ization, and  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  any  political  insti- 
tutions. The  number  of  languages  spoken  in  Africa  is  esti- 
mated by  some  writers  at  150,  and  the  total  population  at 
from  180,000,000  to  200,000,000. 

Commerce. — The  commerce  of  Africa,  owing  to  its  barbai  - 
ous  state,  unhealthy  climate,  and  want  of  navigable  rivers 
and  inlets,  has  never  been  in  proportion  to  the  extent  of  its 
area.  The  principal  articles  exported  are  gold,  ivory,  palm 
oil,  slaves,  gums,  wax,  feathers,  timber,  hides,  and  dates. 
Large  quantities  of  gum  Senegal  are  exported  by  the  Moor- 
ish tribes.  Civilized  nations  have  endeavored,  with  partial 
success,  to  suppress  the  exportation  of  slaves.  There  is  also 
a  very  extensive  internal  trade  in  slaves.  The  cowry,  a 
small  shell  imported  from  the  Maldive  Islands,  is  the  com- 
mon circulating  medium  in  Central  and  Southern  Africa. 

Political  Divisions. — The  most  important  divisions  are 
Algeria,  Morocco,  Tripoli,  Tunis,  Bambarra,  Senegambia, 
Liberia,  Ashantee,  Dahomey,  Gando,  Bornoo,  Adamawa, 
Bnghirmi,  Lonngo,  Congo  (French;,  Congo  Free  State, 
Angolii,  Benguela,  Cape  Colony,  Orange  Free  State,  Mada- 
gascar, Mozaihbique,  Zanguebar,  Adel,  Cazembe,  Abyssinia, 
Darfoor,  Waday,  Soodan,  Sennaar,  Nubia,  Egypt,  IIousBS. 


AFR 


440 


AGD 


European  Possessions. — Algeria  and  Tunis  belong  to  the 
French,  who  have  possessions  also  on  the  Senegal  and 
Gambia,  and  control  a  district  along  the  Atlantic  coast  N. 
of  the  Congo  Free  State.  The  British  have  settlements  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Sierra  Leone,  Natal,  and  on  the 
Gold  Coast,  and  control  a  district  on  the  E.  coast  N.  of 
Zanzibar,  and  practically  Egypt.  The  Portuguese  have 
possessions  on  the  E.  coast  in  Mozambique,  and  on  the  W. 
coast  in  Angola  and  Beuguela,  along  with  several  islands 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  Canary  Islands  belong  to  the 
Spaniards,  who  also  have  possessions  at  Fernando  Po  and 
Annobon,  the  port  of  Ifni  N.  of  Cape  Noon,  and  the  coast 
land  between  Capes  Bojador  and  Blanco.  Since  1884  Ger- 
many has  control  over  the  Togoland  on  the  Slave  Coast,  the 
Cameroon  region,  and  a  coast  district  of  about  900  miles 
between  Angola  N.  and  the  Orange  River  S.,  and  on  the 
E.  coast  from  the  Rovuma  River  N.W.  to  Victoria  Nyanza, 
with  the  Congo  state  in  the  W.  and  Mozambique  in  the  S. 
Italy  has  control  over  a  district  bordering  on  the  Red  Sea 
from  Massowah  to  Assab  Bay. 

History  of  Discovery. — Northeastern  Africa  was  the  home 
of  the  first  civilized  nation  of  the  world, — the  Egyptians. 
The  famous  and  powerful  state  of  Carthage  afterwards  oc- 
cupied Northern  Africa,  which  subsequently  became  a  part 
of  the  Roman  empire.  It  is  supposed  that  the  peninsular 
form  of  Africa  was  known  to  the  ancients,  and  that  the 
Phoenicians  circumnavigated  it.  The  people  who  first  ex- 
plored the  interior  of  Northern  Africa  were  the  Arabs.  The 
Portuguese  navigators  of  the  fifteenth  century  were  the  first 
to  complete  the  circumnavigation  of  Africa.  They  discov- 
ered the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1487,  and  Vasco  da  Gama 
doubled  that  cape  in  1498.  The  Dutch  planted  a  colony  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1650.  Bruce  travelled  in  Abys- 
sinia about  1770.  In  1788  a  society  was  formed  in  London 
to  promote  the  exploration  of  Africa.  Under  the  auspices 
of  this  society,  Mungo  Park,  Burckhardt,  and  others  made 
important  discoveries.  In  1822,  Denham,  Clapperton,  and 
Oudney  crossed  the  desert  of  Sahara,  and  discovered  Lake 
Chad  and  Borneo.  In  1830,  Lander  explored  the  Joliba  or 
Niger  to  its  mouth.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Rebmann  discovered 
about  1848  Mount  Kilima-Njaro,  supposed  to  be  the  highest 
in  Africa.  In  1852-56,  1858-64,  1865-73,  Livingstone 
explored  South  Africa.  He  discovered  Lake  N'gami,  ex- 
plored the  Zambezi  River,  and  made  important  contribu- 
tions to  the  geography  of  the  country.  Captains  Burton 
and  Speke  discovered  about  1858-59  Lakes  Tanganyika  and 
Victoria  Nyanza.  In  1864,  Sir  Samuel  Baker  discovered 
Lake  Albert  Nyanza;  in  1866-67,  Karl  Mauch  discovered 
extensive  gold-fields  between  the  Limpopo  and  Zambezi 
Rivers.  In  1874-77,  H.  M.  Stanley  crossed  the  continent 
via  the  Albert  Nyanza,  the  Victoria  Nyanza,  and  the  Congo 
River,  and  in  1881-84  he  explored  the  course  of  the  Congo, 
and  finally  established,  under  the  auspices  of  the  King  of 
the  Belgians  and  the  co-operation  of  other  commercial  na- 
tions, the  Congo  Free  State.     See  Congo  Free  State. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  African,  af  re-kan  (Fr.  Afhicain,  a^fre^- 
k&M"',  fem.  Africaine,  i'fre^kin' ;  *Ger.  Afrikanisch,  i-fre- 
kl'nish;  inhab.  Afrikaner,  i-fre-ka'ner). 

African  Islands,  a  group  of  low  islets  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  N.  of  the  Amirante  Islands.     Lat.  4°  55'  S. 

Afrikiah,  or  Afrikiyah.    See  Mehdia. 

Afshars,  Afchars,  or  Afschars,  iPsharz',  one  of 
the  many  tribes  of  Persia  forming  classes  apart  from  the 
original  Persians.  They  are  divided  into  two  principal 
branches,  Shamloo  (Shamlu)  and  Kirkloo  (Kirklu),  and 
form  a  numerous  tribe,  principally  residing  in  towns,  and 
found  in  the  greatest  numbers  at  Abiverd  and  Kelat. 

Af'ton,  a  station  in  the  Indian  Territory,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Vinita. 

Aiton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  on  a  railroad,  105  miles  W.  of  Ottumwa, 
and  10  miles  E.  of  Creston.  Afton  has  a  bank,  a  weekly 
paper,  a  union  school,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  plough- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  1045.  ^'  r      & 

Afton,  a  post-village  in  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  St.  Croix,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Stillwater,  and  about 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  steam  saw-mills.    Pop.  of  Afton  township,  1097. 

Afton,  a  post-village  of  Frontier  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Afton,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  Columbia. 

Afton,  a  post-village  in  Afton  township,  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  28  miles  by  railroad  E.  by 
N.  of  Binghamton,  and  114  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  union  school, 
and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds,  butter-firkins  and 
tubs,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  of  village,  683 ;  of  township,  2083, 


Afton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Afton,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of  Nelson  Co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  or 
perforates  the  Blue  Ridge,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton.  It  has 
a  hotel,  2  churches,  and  several  stores.  Here  is  a  tunnel  1 
mile  long  in  the  Blue  Ridge. 

Afton,  a  post- village  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Beloit,  and 
39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Afvestadt,  or  Afvestad.    See  Avestad. 

Afzul-Gurh,  Afzalgarh,  or  Ufznlgurh,  iirzul- 
gur',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  Bijnaur  district,  near  the  Kumaon 
Mountains.     Lat.  29°  25'  N.;  Ion.  78°  40'  E.     Pop.  8350, 

Aga,  i'g&,  a  low  granitic  mountain-chain  of  Arabia, 
forming  part  of  the  N.W.  limit  of  Nedjed. 

Agably,  or  Aghably,  i^gi'blee,  a  town  of  Africa, 
oasis  of  Tooat,  on  the  route  from  Tripoli  to  Timbuotoo. 
Lat.  26°  40'  N.;  Ion.  0°  58'  E.  It  is  built  of  stone,  and  is 
said  to  be  well  provided  with  water. 

Agadeer,  Agadir,  &-g&-deer',  or  Santa  Cruz,  a 
fortified  town  and  the  most  southern  seaport  of  Morocco, 
province  of  Soos,  on  the  Atlantic,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Cape 
Ghir.     Lat.  30°  26'  35"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  35'  56"  E.     Pop.  1000. 

Agadez,  Agades,  &g'a-diz\  Agdes,  or  Agdas, 
ig'das,  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Ashen, 
in  ail  oasis  of  the  Sahara.  Lat.  18°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  E. 
Agadez  was  formerly  a  large  city,  with  a  population  of  from 
50,000  to  60,000,  but  now  estimated  not  to  exceed  8000, 

Agalegas,  &-g&-l&'g&s,  or  Galega,  g&-l4'g&,  an  island 
in  the  Indian  Ocean,  about  lat.  10°  21'  S.,  Ion.  56°  38'  E. 
'It  is  11  miles  in  length. 

Agame,  4-gi'mlh,  a  province  of  Tigr6,  in  Abyssinia, 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  that  territory,  and  W.  from  the  great 
salt  plain  in  which  the  country  terminates  N.E. 

Agamen'ticus  Mountain,  in  York  co..  Me.,  about 
4  miles  from  the  ocean,  important  as  a  landmark  for  seamen. 
The  summit  is  673  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Agana,  &-gi,n'jk,  or  San  Ignacio  de  Agafia,  s&n 
eeg-nith'e-o  di  i-gS,n'yi,  a  fortified  Spanish  town,  and  capi- 
tal of  Guahan,  one  of  the  Ladrones,  on  ita  W.  coast.  It 
contains  several  schools  and  convents,  government  house, 
royal  magazine,  Ac.     Pop.  5055. 

Agangueo ,  i-g&n-g&'o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Miohoacan, 
20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Morelia,  in  a  mountainous  forest  and 
mining  district,  8000  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  1800. 

Agar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Auggur. 

Agarpara,  in  India.    See  Agurpara. 

Agarrib,  a  mountain  of  Egypt.    See  Agrees. 

Ag'ate,  a  station  in  Elbert  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansaa 
Pacific  Railroad,  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Denver. 

Agate,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  71  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rawlins. 

Ag'ate  Har'bor,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  upper  peninsula 
of  Michigan,  on  Keweenaw  Point. 

Agatha,  the  ancient  name  of  Agde. 

Agathapolis.    See  Sant'  Agata  dei  Goti. 

Agatho,  or  Agatton,  a  town  of  Guinea.     See  Gato. 

Agathyrnnm,  an  ancient  town  of  Sicily.    See  Naso. 

Agattoo,  or  Agattu,  &-g&t-too',  a  small  island  of  the 
Aleutian  group.  Lat.  52°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  173°  37'  W.  CaUed 
also  Khooglee  (Krugli)  or  Crooked  Island. 

Agaunum,  Switzerland.     See  Saint  Maurice. 

Ag^awam',  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  is  in 
Agawam  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  The  township  has 
5  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  gin  distillery, 
and  a  brick-yard.     Pop,  in  1880,  2216 ;  in  1890,  2352. 

Agawam,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.     See  East  Warehah. 

Ag^awam'  River,  a  small  stream  of  Plymouth  oo.,  in 
the  E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  which  unites  its  waters  with 
Buttermilk  Bay.  The  Westfield  River  (q.  v.),  in  Massachu- 
setts, is  also  called  Agawam  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course. 

Agayak,  i-gi-yik',  island,  Alaska.  See  Seven  Islands. 

Agazzano,  S,-g&ts-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  2575. 

Agbomey,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Abomey. 

Agdas,  a  city  of  Africa.     See  Agadez. 

Agde,  4gd  (anc.  Ag'atha),  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  H6rault,  on  the  H^rault,  and  on  the  Railway  and 
Canal  du  Midi,  2  miles  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.  Pop.  8829.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  but,  being  built  of  black  basalt,  has  a  grim  appear- 
ance, and  is  popularly  called  "  the  Black  town."  It  has  a 
college,  a  school  of  navigation,  and  an  active  coasting  trade. 
Its  port  is  defended  by  Fort  Bresoou,  on  Brescou  Island 


AGD 


441 


AGR 


Agdeh,  ig'd^h,  Aghda,or  Augdeh,atown  of  Persia, 
70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yezd,  on  the  road  to  Ispahan. 

AgdeS)  a  city  of  Africa.     See  Agadez. 

Agedicum,  and  Agedincum.     See  Sens. 

Agedunum,  an  ancient  name  of  Ahun. 

Agen,  4^zhiN»'  (anc.  Agin'num),  a  town  of  France,  cap- 
ital of  the  department  of  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne, 
and  on  a  railway,  73  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  18,887. 
It  has  some  good  public  edifices,  including  the  prefecture, 
two  seminaries,  a  lyceum  with  a  library  of  20,000  volumes, 
and  several  churches.  It  has  a  court  of  appeal,  large  sail- 
cloth factory,  distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  serge,  cotton 
prints,  starch,  leather,  &c.,  and  an  ancient  cathedral,  built 
partly  in  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries. 

A'gency,  a  post-town  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in  Agency 
iownship,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad 
(station.  Agency  City),  6  miles  E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  creamery.  The  village  is 
situated  on  a  fine  prairie,  on  the  site  of  an  old  Indian 
agency.     Pop.  442;  of  township,  1183. 

Agency^  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  contains 
Quenemo. 

Agency^  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on  a  rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church  and 
flouring-mills.     Name  of  station,  Agency  Ford. 

Ageu'da^  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Clyde. 

Agendicum,  an  ancient  name  of  Sens. 

Agenois,  i^zhi'nwS,',  or  Ag^nais,  i'zhi^ni',  an 
ancient  district  of  France,  in  Guienne.  It  constituted  part 
of  the  old  kingdom  of  Aquitaine. 

Ager,  i-HaiR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  25  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lerida,  in  a  valley.     Pop.  2000. 

Ager  LugdunensiS)  the  Latin  name  of  Lyonnois. 

Ageroe^  i'gh^r-d^^h,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, province  of  Trondhjem.     Pop.  4000. 

Agerola^  4-ji-ro'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Na- 
ples, 10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salerno,     Pop.  3954. 

Agger,  ig'gh^r,  a  natural  water  communication  between 
the  Lym-Fiord  and  the  North  Sea,  in  Denmark,  formed 
during  a  storm  in  1825. 

Aggershuns,  ig'gh^rs-hooss^  or  Akershns,  an  amt 
of  Norway,  stift  of  Christiania,  having  an  area  of  1986 
square  miles.     Pop.  116,365.     Capital,  Christiania. 

Aggersoe,  4g'gh§rs-o^?h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark, 
in  the  Great  Belt,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Seeland. 

Aggira,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Agira. 

Aggius,  4d'je-ooce,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2658. 

Aghably,  a  town  of  Africa,     See  Agablt. 

AghadeS)  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Agadez. 

Agharoon,  or  Agharun,  4-gi-roon',  or  Khanzir, 
kin'zeer  {i.e.,  "hog"),  a  village  of  Turkey  in  Asia,  pashalic 
of  Diarbekir,  in  the  mountains  of  Darkiish-Dagh. 

Aghda,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Agdeh. 

Aghmat,  io^mit',  a  fortified  town  of  Morocco,  on  the 
Wady  Enfis,  and  on  the  N.  declivity  of  Mount  Atlas,  30  miles 
6,  of  Morocco,     Pop,  about  6000, 

Aghor,  i'Qor,  or  Hin-Gol',  a  river  of  Belooohistan, 
falling  into  the  Arabian  Sea.     Length,  50  miles. 

Aghrim,  or  Aughrim,  awg'rim  or  awn'rim,  a  parish 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Loughrea.  It 
is  famous  for  the  victory  obtained  here  in  1691  by  the 
troops  of  William  III.  over  those  of  James  II. 

Agincourt,  i^zh&N»*kooR',  or  Azinconrt,  4^z4n»^- 
kooR',  a  village  of  France,  Pas-de-Calais,  13  miles  N.W.  of  St, 
Pol,  near  which,  on  the  25th  of  October,  1415,  the  English, 
under  Henry  V.,  defeated  a  vastly  superior  French  force. 
Pop.  450. 

Aginnum,  an  ancient  name  of  Agen. 

Agio  Strati,  d'jo  stri'tee,  a  Turkish  island  of  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  46  miles  W.N.W,  of  Mitylene. 

Agira,  Aggira,  i-jee'ri,  or  San  Fiiippo  d'Argiro, 
B&n  fe-lip'po  daR-jee'ro  (anc.  Agyrium),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
province  of  Catania,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Nicosia,  It  has  ex- 
tensive marble-quarries.     Pop,  11,876. 

AgMa'  Chau^kigha'ta,  a  village  of  India,  in  Dacca. 
Lat.  23°  38'  18"  N. ;  Ion.  90°  14'  8"  E.     Pop.  4010. 

Aglar,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Aquileja. 

Agliano,  il-y4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria, near  Montegrosso.     Pop.  2785. 

Agli6,  il'yi,  or  Aglia,  il',y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin,  9  miles  S,W.  of  Ivrea.  Pop.  3650.  It  is  beautifully 
situated  upon  a  hill,  and  has  a  splendid  royal  palace,  with 
parks  and  gardens. 

Aglish,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Castlebar. 

Agly,  4'gle6',  or  Giy,  glee,  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
29 


ments  of  Aude  and  Pyr6n6cs-Orientale8,  falls  into  the  Medi- 
terranean near  Bacards. 

Agmondesham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Ahershah. 

Agna,  4n'y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Padua,  6 
miler  S.E.  of  Conselve.     Pop.  2797. 

Agnadello,  4n-y4-dil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cremona,  10  miles  E.  of  Lodi.  Here,  in  1509,  Louis  VII. 
of  France  gained  a  victory  over  the  Austrians ;  and  here, 
in  1705,  Prince  Eugene  was  defeated  by  the  Duke  of  Ven- 
ddme.     Pop.  1485. 

Agnana,  4n-y4'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Beggio, 
3  miles  N.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  1195. 

Agnano,  4n-y4'no,  a  small  lake  of  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of 
Naples,  occupying  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano.  This 
lake  has  been  drained.  Near  it  are  the  Grotta  del  Cane  and 
the  sulphur  baths  of  San  Germane. 

Ag'nes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles  N. 
of  Weatherford. 

Agnes  City,  a  post-township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas, 
about  12  miles  E,  of  Council  Grove. 

Ag'new,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  near  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Grand 
Haven. 

Agnew's  Mills,  a  post-of&ce  in  Richland  township, 
Venango  co..  Pa. 

Agnew's  Station,  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  is  on  the 
Emlenton  &,  ShippenviUe  Railroad,  2  miles  E,  of  Emlenton. 

Agno,  4n'yo,  a  river  of  Italy,  an  affluent  of  the  Adige 
from  the  left.     Length,  above  50  miles.     See  Anio. 

Agno,  4n'yo,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
on  Lake  Agno,  3  miles  W,  of  Lugano.     Pop.  865. 

Agnone,  4n-yo'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso,  Pop,  11,073,  It  is  celebrated 
for  its  copper-works. 

Ag^nur',  or  Ak^nur',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Chenaub,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lahore.  Lat.  33°  N.;  Ion. 
75°  E. 

Ago,  4'goo,  a  small  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lat.  61°  32'  N.;  Ion.  17°  22'  E. 

Agoa  Fria,  4'gw4  free'4  {i.e.,  "cold  water")>  a  towi 
of  Brazil,  state  and  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bahia. 

Agoa  de  P&o,  4'gw4  d4  p5wM>,  a  mountain  of  the 
island  of  St.  Michael,  Azores,  near  its  centre,  3066  feet  high. 

Agoa  de  PS.o,  a  village  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  island 
of  St.  Michael,  15  miles  E.  of  Ponta  Delgada.     Pop.  3210. 

Agoa  Quente,  4'gw4  kfin'tA  ("  hot  water"  or  "  hot 
spring"),  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  das  Almas,  190  miles  N.E.  of  Goyaz. 

Agoas  Doces,  4'gw4s  do'cis  ("sweet  water"),  a  town 
of  Brazil,  Minas-Geraes,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Sao  Francisco. 

Ago'gebic  liake,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  upper  penin- 
sula of  Michigan.  Its  outlet  joins  Ontonagon  River.  Length, 
following  the  bend  of  the  lake,  15  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Agogna,  4-gon'y4,  or  Gogna,  gSn'y4,  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  in  Lake  Orta,  and,  flowing  S.,  enters  the  Po,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Alessandria. 

Agon,  4^g6N»',  a  seaport  of  France,  department  of 
Manche,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Seine,  opposite  Jersey,  and  5 
miles  W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1602. 

Agoona,  4-goo'n4,  a  small  state  of  Western  Africa,  on 
the  Gold  Coast,  under  British  protection,  between  lat.  5° 
25'  and  5°  45'  N.,  Ion.  10'  and  40'  W.  It  is  about  30  miles 
from  E,  to  W.,  and  about  20  from  N,  to  S, 

Agordo,  &-goR'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  a  fruitful  plain, 
12  miles  N,W.  of  Belluno.  It  possesses,  in  the  valley  of 
Imperina,  rich  copper-mines.     Pop.  3153. 

Agost,  4-gost',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  12  miles  W. 
of  Alicante.  It  is  of  Arab  origin,  and  has  an  ancient  castlo 
and  a  fountain.     Pop.  1969. 

Agosta,  4-gos't4,  or  Augusta,  dw-goo8't4,  a  city  of 
Sicily,  province  of  Catania,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, 19  miles  by  rail  N,  of  Syracuse,  Pop.  11,897. 
In  1693  it  was  nearly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  Exports 
salt,  oil,  wines,  and  honey. 

Agows,  4'g5wz\  a  people  of  Abyssinia,  divided  into 
several  distinct  tribes,  one  of  which  inhabits  the  fertile 
country  lying  immediately  W.  of  the  sources  of  the  Blue 
Nile,  in  the  territory  of  Amhara ;  another  inhabits  the  dis- 
trict on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tacazze,  in  Tigr6 ;  a  third  oc- 
cupies a  tract  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  same  river,  also  in 
Tigr6.  The  Agow  (Agao)  language  is  referred  by  some 
authorities  to  the  Indo-European,  but  by  most  to  the  Ethi- 
opic  stock.  The  Agow  tribes  are  mostly  Christian ;  others, 
like  the  Falasha,  are  of  the  Jewish  faith ;  while  others  art 
heathens,  of  savage  habits. 

Agra,  4'gr4,  a  division  of  the  North -West  Provinces  of 
British  India.  Area,  9020  square  miles;  population,  5,038,136. 


AGR 


442 


AGU 


It  borders  upon  Oude,  Allahabad,  Rajpootana,  Meerut,  Ac.  It 
IB  a  fertile  region,  and  its  people  are  mostly  of  Aryan  stock, 
speaking  the  Hindostanee.  It  is  generally  flat,  and  desti- 
tute of  wood.  In  many  parts  there  is  a  deficiency  of  water. 
The  soil  is  well  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  indigo,  cotton, 
tobacco,  and  sugar;  wheat  and  barley,  however,  form  the 
principal  crops,  and  rice  is  cultivated  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
rivers.  Ck)tton  is  the  staple  product.  One  of  its  five  districts 
is  also  called  Agra;  area,  1908  square  miles;  pop.  1,096,367. 

Agra,  i'gri,  or  Akbarabad,  ik-bar^4-ba,d',  a  city  of 
Hindostan,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  river  Jumna,  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Delhi, 
740  miles  W.N.W.  of  Calcutta,  630  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Bombay,  and  1000  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  27° 
11'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  E.  A  part  of  the  city  is  now  in  a  ruinous 
state,  but  it  still  maintains  much  of  its  original  splendor, 
and  has  prospered  greatly  under  English  rule.  The  houses 
generally  are  lofty,  consisting  of  several  stories ;  the  streets 
are  extremely  narrow.  Agra  contains  some  fine  public  build- 
ings of  recent  date,  and  some  of  its  more  ancient  structures 
are  on  a  scale  of  great  magnificence.  Of  these  the  most 
celebrated  is  Tauj  (or  Taj)  Mahal,  a  mausoleum  built  in  the 
seventeenth  century  by  the  Emperor  Shah  Jehan,  in  com- 
memoration of  his  favorite  queen.  This  superb  edifice,  the 
finest  in  India,  forms  a  quadrangle  of  190  square  yards, 
with  a  lofty  dome  of  70  feet  diameter  in  the  centre,  and  tall 
minarets  rising  from  the  angles.  It  is  built  of  white  mar- 
ble; and  the  great  central  hall  is  paved  with  squares  of 
various-colored  marble,  while  the  walls,  tombs,  and  screens 
are  ornamented  with  exquisite  mosaic-work.  The  whole 
cost  of  the  building  is  said  to  have  been  3,174,802  pounds 
sterling.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  garden  adorned  with  foun- 
tains and  containing  a  profusion  of  fine  trees  and  flowering 
shrubs.  Agra  has  a  government  college,  3  mission  colleges, 
a  medical  school,  and  a  splendid  mosque.  It  exports  indigo, 
silk,  and  sugar,  and  imports  horses,  camels,  grain,  and 
manufactured  silk  and  cotton.  Pop.  in  1881,  160,203;  in 
1891,  168,662.  From  1504  to  1647,  Agra  was  the  seat  of 
the  Mohammedan  empire  in  India.  It  was  taken  by  the 
British,  October  17,  1803. 

Agra,  a  post- village  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  50  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  Ac.  Pop.  200. 

Agrakhan,  S,g-r&-kS.n',  a  cape  in  the  Caspian  Sea,  Rus- 
sian territory,  lat.  43°  40'  N.,  Ion.  48°  10'  E.,  with  a  bay  of 
the  same  name  on  the  N.  side. 

Agram,  ogV6m',  or  Zagrab,  zi^grib'  (L.  Zagrahia), 
a  city  of  Austria-Hungary,  capital  of  Crotia  and  Slavonia, 
is  on  two  railways,  and  near  the  Save,  160  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vi- 
enna. It  is  handsome,  has  many  good  buildings,  including 
a  cathedral  and  the  government  house.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop,  and  of  the  superior  courts  of  Croatia, 
Slavonia,  and  the  Banat ;  is  a  centre  of  South-Slavic  learn- 
ing, and  has  many  seminaries  and  gymnasia,  and  several 
learned  societies ;  manufactures  silks  and  porcelain,  and  has 
a  large  trade.    Pop.  19,857 ;  of  the  county  of  Agram,  261,124. 

Agramnnt,  i-grft-moont',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Sio.     Pop.  2402. 

Agrapha,  4'gri-f  i,  a  village  in  Corfu.     Pop.  1100. 

Agrapho,  i'gri-fo,  a  part  of  the  Pindus  Mountains  in 
Greece,  between  Thessaly  and  Epirus. 

Agrate-Brianza,  a-gra't4-bre-4n'za,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Milan,  3  miles  E.  of  Monza.     Pop.  3473. 

Agreda,  4-gr4'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Soria.  Pop.  3120.  It  is  divided  by  the 
Queiles,  which  is  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge. 

Agreda,  i-gri'di,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Co- 
lombia, state  of  Popayan,  with  gold-mines. 

Agreeb,  Agrib,  i-greeb',  Agarrib,  i^gar-reeb',  or 
Grarib,  gri-reeb',  Mount,  or  Jebel  Khareeb  (Cha- 
rib,  Gharib,  or  Kharib),  jfib'51  KHiVeeb',  a  mountain 
of  Egypt,  about  16  miles  inland  from  the  Gulf  of  Suez.  Lat. 
28°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  42'  E.  It  is  of  a  conical  form,  about  7000 
feet  high,  and  can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  100  miles. 

Agric'ola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Glascock  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeeohee  River,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Augusta  to  San- 
dersville,  62  miles  S.W,  of  the  former. 

Agricola,  a  post-village  of  Coffee  co.,  Kansas,  about 
26  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ottawa. 

Agricultural  College,  Md.    See  College  Park. 

Agricul'tural  Col'lege,  Mich.,  a  thriving  State  in- 
stitution, is  situated  3i  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  about  25 
teachers  and  375  students.  Value  of  college  plant,  $450,000 : 
endowment,  $1,000,000;  income,  $100,000. 

Agricultural  College,  Pa.    See  State  College. 

Agrigentum,  an  ancient  city  of  Sicily.   See  Gibgenti. 

Agris,  4'gree',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Cha- 
rente,  5  miles  N.E.  of  La  Rochefoucauld.     Pop.  1308. 


Agris,  Sg'r^s,  or  Egres,  Sg'r^s,  a  Roumanian  village 
in  Hungary,  county  of  Arad.     Pop.  2663. 

Agropoli,  4-grip'o-lee,  a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2217. 

Agna  Caliente,  4'gw4  k4-l6-fin't4  (i.e., "  warm  water," 
or  "warm  spring"),  a  post-hamlet  of  Maricopa  co.,  Ariz., 
on  the  Gila  River,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenix. 

Agaa  Caliente,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railway,  45  miles  N.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Aguachapa,  4^gw4-ch4'p4,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
republic  of  San  Salvador,  30  miles  from  the  Pacific,  on  the 
road  between  the  city  of  Guatemala  and  Sonsonate.  Lat. 
14°  N. ;  Ion.  89°  40'  W. 

Agnadilla,  4-gw4-i)eel'y4,  a  town  and  seaport  of  the 
island  of  Porto  Rico,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  65  miles  W.  of  San 
Juan.     Pop.  8000.     The  anchorage  is  good. 

Agna  Dnlce,  4'gw4  dool'si  {i.e.,  "sweet  water"),  a 
creek  of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  flows  into  Laguna  del  Madre. 

Agua  Fria,  4'gw4  ft-ee'4,  a  river  in  Arizona,  the  largest 
northern  tributary  of  the  Gila.  It  has  at  first  a  northward 
course,  but  turns,  and  thenceforth  flows  southward,  and  joins 
the  Gila  about  lat.  23°  25'  N. 

Agua  Fria,  4'gw4  free'4,  a  village  of  Mariposa  co., 
Cal.,  at  the  W.  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  70  miles 
S.E.  of  Stockton. 

Agua  Fria  (i.e.,  "  cold  spring"),  a  small  village  of  New 
Mexico,  in  Santa  F6  co.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  F6.  It 
has  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel. 

Agua  Fria  Valley,  a  post-ofQce  of  Yavapai  co., 
Arizona,  16  miles  E.  of  Prescott. 

Aguapehi,  4*gw4-p4-hee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near 
lat.  16°  15'  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles,  falls 
into  the  Jauru,  an  afiluent  of  the  Paraguay. 

Aguarico,  4^gw4-ree'ko,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  rises  near 
the  Colombian  frontier,  and  flows  in  an  indirect  S.E.  course 
to  join  the  river  Napo,  traversing  several  lakes.  It  is  240 
miles  in  length,  and  flows  in  an  Indian  country. 

Agnaron,  4-gw4-ron',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Saragossa.     Pop.  2140. 

Aguas  Calientes,  4'gw4s  k4-le-gn't^s,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Aguas  Calientes,  270  miles  N.W.  of  the 
city  of  Mexico.  Lat.  22°  N.;  Ion.  101°  45'  W.  It  stands 
in  a  plain  upwards  of  6000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  is  favor- 
ably situated  for  trade,  the  road  from  Zacatecas  to  Sonora 
and  Durango  crossing  here  the  highway  from  San  Luis 
Potosi  to  Guadalajara.  It  has  numerous  churches,  con- 
vents, and  a  hospital,  and  is  surrounded  by  gardens  with 
olives,  vines,  figs,  pears,  Ac.  In  the  vicinity  are  warm 
springs,  from  which  the  town  takes  its  name.     Pop.  32,355. 

Aguas  Calientes,  a  state  of  Mexico,  on  the  Anahuac 
plateau,  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  the  countrv.  High 
mountains  abound  in  the  western  part,  and  extensive  plains 
in  the  east.  Among  its  products  are  wheat,  barley,  beans, 
lithographic  and  building  stone,  and  precious  metals.  Capi- 
tal, Aguas  Calientes.     Pop.  (1890)  140,180. 

Aguas  Calientes,  a  town  and  railway  station  of 
Peru,  27  miles  from  Arequipa.  Elevation,  9737  feet.  It 
has  copious  warm  sulphur  springs. 

Agna,  Volcan  de.    See  Volcan  de  Asita. 

Agueda,  4-g4'D4,  a  river  of  Spain,  affluent  of  the  Douro, 
forming  part  of  the  boundary  of  Portugal. 

Agueda,  4-g4'd4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  district  of  Aveiro, 
in  Douro,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  3561. 

Agugliano,  4-gool-y4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the 
March  of  Ancona.     Pop.  2802. 

Aguilar  de  Campo,  4-ghe-laR'  d4  k4m'po,  a  town  of 
Spain,  59  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia,  on  the  Pisuerga,  sur- 
rounded by  ruined  walls.     Pop.  1637. 

Aguilar  de  Campos,  4-ghe-laR'  d4  k4m'poce,  atown 
of  Spain,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1026. 

Aguilar  de  la  Frontera,  4-ghe-laB'  d4  14  fron- 
t4'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the 
Cabra.  It  has  three  elegant  public  squares,  a  town-hall, 
several  chapels,  a  hospital,  a  dismantled  Moorish  castle,  and 
several  schools.     It  trades  in  com  and  wine.     Pop.  12,300. 

Aguilas,  4'ghe-14s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Cartagena,  with  a  small 
but  secure  port.     It  exports  grain.     Pop.  about  5500. 

Agtiimes,  4-gwee'm5s,  a  town  of  the  Gran  Canarla 
Island,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Guayadeque.     Pop.  3073. 

Agulenitza,  4-goo-l4-nit's4,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  tbe 
Morea,  nome  of  Messenia,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gastouni. 

Agulhas,  4-gool'y4s  (sometimes  improperly  written 
Lagullas),  Cape  and  Bank.  The  former  is  in  lat.  34° 
51'  30"  S.,  Ion.  19°  56'  30"  E.,  being  the  southernmost 
point  of  Africa,  and  is  situated  about  100  miles  E.S.E.  from 


AGU 


443 


AIG 


the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Its  highest  part  is  455  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  A  light-house  on  the  oape  stands  on 
an  elevation  about  52  feet  above  high  water ;  the  tower  is 
70  feet  high,  and  the  light  is  seen  for  upwards  of  18  miles. 

Agur,  a  town  of  India.     See  AnoouR. 

Agurpara^  or  Agarpara,  &-gar-p&'r&,  a  town  of 
India,  in  Bengal,  7  miles  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  orphanage.     Pop.  26,801. 

Agyrium,  a  city  of  ancient  Sicily.    See  Agira. 

Ahadkoi,  4-hid-koy',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  Ana- 
tolia, 6  miles  from  Ushak.  It  has  ruins  supposed  to  be  those 
of  the  ancient  Trajanopolis. 

Ahanta,  &-h&n't&,  a  state  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
extending  from  the  Ancober  to  the  Chama ;  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Apollonia,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Fantee  territories.  It 
is  the  richest  and  most  improved  district  on  this  coast. 

Ahapop'ka^  a  large  lake  of  Orange  and  Sumter  cos., 
Fla.,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Ocklawaha  River. 

AJiar,  4-har',  a  tovra  of  Persia,  province  of  Azerbaijan, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Koor,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Tabreez.  It 
has  700  houses,  enclosed  by  a  ruined  wall. 

AhauS)  i'hSwss,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on 
the  Aa,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1690. 

Ahii)  &^ee'  or  Tyee',  or  Peacock  Island,  a  small 
uninhabited  island  in  the  Low  Archipelago,  Paumotu  group. 
Pacific  Ocean,  sxirrounded  by  a  coral  belt  from  200  to  500 
feet  in  breadth.     Lat.  14°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  8'  W. 

Ahiolo,  &-Hee'o-lo,  Akhioli,  &K-hee^o-Iee',  or  Aki- 
alee,  4-kee'i-lee'  (ano.  Anehi'ale,  Anchi'alus),  a  town  and 
seaport  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  48  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Varna.     It  has  some  trade  in  salt. 

Ahlen,  i'l^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Werse.  It  has  distilleries,  oil- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  linen.    Pop.  3535. 

Ahlfeld,  or  Alfeld,  |l'f5lt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Leine,  and  on  a  railway,  27  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Hanover. 
It  has  3  hospitals,  a  seminary,  and  paper-  and  oil-mills. 
Pop.  2815. 

Ahmar,  or  El- Ahmar,  el-ih'mar  (the  "  red  mound"), 
called  also  JBl-Kom,  the  site  of  Hieraconpolia,  a  very  an- 
cient city  of  Upper  Egypt,  which  stood  on.  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  about  lat.  26°  10'  N.,  Ion.  32°  40'  B.,  nearly  op- 
posite El-Kab. 

Ahmedabad,  i^med-4-bid'  (i.e.,  "abode  of  Ahmed"), 
a  city  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  capital  of  a  district 
of  its  own  name,  on  the  Sabermuttee  River,  310  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  the  city  of  Bombay.  It  was  founded  in  1412,  and  was 
long  a  splendid  Mohammedan  capital,  but  has  greatly  de- 
clined. It  has  2  steam  cotton-mills  and  large  silk-works. 
Its  great  mosque  and  its  Jain  temple  are  fine  structures. 
Here  is  a  famous  well,  with  underground  galleries.  Pop. 
in  1881,  127,621 ;  in  1891,  148,412. 

Ahmedabad,  a  district  of  Guzerat  province,  Bombay 
presidency,  India,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  lying 
W.  of  Kaira,  and  bounded  in  part  by  the  Guicowar's  territo- 
ries. Area,  3844  square  miles.  Capital,  Ahmedabad.  Pop. 
(1891)  856,324.   It  is  low  and  hot,  but  produces  much  cotton. 

Ahmednuggur,  4^med-nug'gtir,  or  Ah^madna'- 
gar,  a  city  and  fort,  capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  Seena,  and  on  a  railway,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Poonah. 
Pop.  32,841.  The  city,  enclosed  by  a  wall,  is  half  a  mile 
from  the  fort,  which  is  stone  built,  1  mile  in  circuit,  and 
occupied  by  a  British  garrison.  It  was  taken  by  the  British 
under  General  Wellesley,  August  12,  1803.  Near  it  is  a 
fine  palace  of  the  former  native  princes. 

Anmednnggnr,  a  district  of  British  India,  province 
of  Guzerat.  Lat.  18°  6'-19°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'-75°  37' 
E.  Area,  6577  square  miles.  Capital,  Ahmednuggur.  Pop. 
773,938. 

Ahmednnggnr,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Guzerat,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Sabermuttee.  Lat.  23°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  73° 
10'  E.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Ahmednuggur,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Prov- 
inces, 40  miles  S.E.  of  Alighur.      Pop.  6740. 

Ahmedpoor-Barra,  i-med-poor'  bar'ri  {i.e.,  "the 
great"),  a  town  of  Bhawlpoor,  Hindostan,  in  a  well-irrigated 
ajttd  fertile  tract,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  Pop.  30,000, 
It  is  meanly  built,  but  has  a  large  mosque,  a  fort,  and  manu- 
factures of  gunpowder,  cotton,  silks,  and  scarfs. 

Ahmedpoor-Chuta,  choo'ti  (t.e.,  "the  little"),  a 
town  in  Hindostan,  Bhawlpoor,  near  the  Indus.  It  is  large, 
and  enclosed  by  mud  walls. 

Ahmed- Shahee  (or  Shahi).    See  Candahar. 

Ah^mood',  or  Amod,  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Bombay,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Baroach.    Pop.  6125. 

Ahnapee,  or  Ahnepeeyah-na-pee',  a  thriving  post- 
village  and  township   of   Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  on   Lake 


Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ahnapee  River,  about  100 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  contains  6  churches,  6  hotels,  1 
newspaper  ofBce,  25  stores,  2  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  furniture-factory.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890, 
1015,  of  the  township,  1384. 

Ahr  or  Aar,  4r,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  the  Rhine  prov- 
ince, rising  in  the  Eiflfelberg  Mountains,  and  falling  into 
the  Rhine  near  Sinzig,  opposite  the  town  of  Lintz. 

Ahrensbok,  i'r§ns-bbk\  a  village  of  Amt  Eutin,  in 
Holstein,  Germany,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  1882. 

Ahrensbarg,  &'r9ns-b55RG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Holstein,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  1473. 

Ahrweiler,  aR'^i^I^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Ahr,  has  a  large  trade  in 
wine,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather.    Pop.  3803. 

Ahuachapam ,  4- wh4-ch4-p4m',  a  town  in  the  republic 
of  Salvador,  Central  America,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  San  Salvador.  Pop.  8000,  one-half  Indians. 

Ahun,  4^iiN»'  or  4^hiiNo'  (anc.  Agedu'num),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Creuse,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Gu6ret.  Pop. 
245_,0.     In  its  ^cinity  are  coal-mines. 

Ahns  or  Ahuis,  o'hooss,  a  village  of  Sweden,  on  the 
Baltic,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Christianstad,  of  which  it  is  the 
port,  having  a  good  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the  Helge4. 

AJiwaz,  4V4z',  or  Ah^wuz'  (written  also  Hawaz), 
a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  48  miles  S.  of  Shooster,  on 
the  Karoon.     Lat.  31°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  49°  E.     Pop.  1600. 

Ai,  i,  a  river  of  Russia  in  Europe,  province  of  Oren- 
boorg,  rising  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  generally  N.W., 
and  falls  into  the  river  Oofa,  after  a  course  of  170  miles. 

Ai,  a  town  of  France.     See  At. 

Ai,  i,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fulton  township,  Fulton  co.,  0., 
23  miles  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church. 

Aias,  i'48  (anc.  JS'gse),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Iskanderoon,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Adana. 

Aiasaluk,  or  Aiasalonk.    See  ArAsooLOOK. 

Aibling,  i'bling,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Munich.     It  has  mineral  baths.     Pop.  1963. 

Aicha  or  Aycha,  i'k4,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  19  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2430. 

Aichach,  i'K4K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Paar,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2551. 

Aid,  ad,  a  post-office  at  Marion,  in  Aid  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  0.     Pop.  of  township,  1476. 

Aidab,  rd4b',  or  Djidyd,  je-deed',  a  seaport  town  of 
Nubia,  on  the  Red  Sea,  171  miles  N.W.  of  Berenice.  Lat. 
22°  3' N.;  Ion.  37°  10'  E. 

Aiden,  a  village  of  California.    See  Adin. 

Aiden  (a'd^n)  Lair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y^ 
in  Minerva  township,  about  95  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Aidenville,  a  village  of  California.     See  Adin. 

Aidin,  I-deen',  or  Guzel-Hissar,  gu'zSl'  his'saR', 
written  also  Iden  (anc.  Tral'les),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Mender,  81  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of 
Smyrna.  It  is  4  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  the  residence  of  a 
pasha,  and  a  place  of  great  trade.  Bazaars,  shaded  by  trees, 
line  the  streets.  It  contains  many  fine  mosques,  churches, 
and  synagogues.     Pop.  36,000. 

Aidin,  a  vilayet  or  province  of  Turkey,  in  Asia  Minor. 
Area,  19,950  square  miles.  Chief  towns,  Smyrna  (the  capi- 
tal), Maneesa,  and  Aidin.  Chief  exports,  grain,  carpets, 
cotton,  figs,  raisins,  galls,  liquorice,  opium,  sesame,  sponges, 
vallonia,  and  wool.     Pop.  1,040,570. 

Aidii^ik,  i^din-jeek',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the 

Seninsula  of  Cyzicus  and  Sea  of  Marmora,  60  miles  W.  by 
r.  of  Brusa.    It  has  400  or  500  houses. 

Aidlingen,  id'ling-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  Ger- 
many, 6  miles  W.  of  Boblingen.     Pop.  1604. 

Aidone,  i-do'n4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Catania, 
35  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Catania.    Pop.  6418. 

Aidos,  i'dos\  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Eastern  Roumelia, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople. 
It  has  extensive  ruins. 

Aielgorad,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Akeruan. 

Aieu,  a  native  name  of  Bootan. 

Aigash,  4^ gash',  or  Aigas,  4-g48s',  a  beautiful  island 
in  Inverness-shire,  Scotland,  formed  by  the  river  Beauly. 

Aigen,  i'gh^n,  the  name  of  numerous  small  places  ia 
Austria,  Bavaria,  and  WUrtemberg. 

Aigle,  4'g'l,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lausanne.  Black  marble  is  quarried 
in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  3307. 

Aigle,  a  town  of  France.    See  Laigle. 

Aignan,  4n-y6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Gers,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Mirande.     Pop.  1700. 

Aigre,  aigR  or  4gR,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Angoulfime.     Pop.  1760. 


AIG 


444 


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Aigrefeuille,  aigVfuI'  or  ig'r^fu'y^h,  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Chai-ente-Inf^rieure,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Rochefort.     Pop.  1750. 

Aiguebelle,  aig'MU',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Arc,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Chamb6ry.  It 
is  celebrated  for  the  victory  gained  by  the  French  and  Span- 
iards over  the  king  of  Savoy  in  1742.  Near  it  begins  the 
road  constructed  by  Napoleon  over  Mont  Cenis.     Pop.  1080. 

Aiguefoude,  aig'f  6Nd',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Tarn,  4  miles  W.  of  Mazamet.     Pop.  2041. 

Aigueperse,  aig^pSEss'  (L.  A'qua  Spar'aa),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Puy-de-D6me,  11  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Riom.     Pop.  2540.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Aigues-Chandes.    See  Eaux  Chaudes. 

Aigues-Mortes,  aig'moRt'  (L.  A'quse  Mor'tuse),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Gard,  in  a  marshy  tract,  on 
a  railway,  3  miles  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  21  miles 
S.W.  of  Nimes.  It  still  retains  its  ancient  fortifications, 
which  present  a  perfect  specimen  of  a  feudal  fortress.  The 
town  is  full  of  mediaeval  antiquities,  and  has  a  trade  in  fish, 
wine,  salt,  soap,  Ac.  It  communicates  with  the  sea  by  the 
Grand  Robine  Canal.     Pop.  3935. 

Aigues-Vives,  aigVeev'  (L.  A'qux  Vi'vie),  a  village 
of  France,  in  Gard,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  1900. 

Aiguille,  L',  a  mountain  of  France,  in  Isere. 

Aiguillon,  i^ghee^yiN"',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Lot-et-Garonne,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Lot  (here 
crossed  by  a  tubular  railway  bridge)  with  the  Garonne,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  3576. 

Aignii)  a-goon',  a  town  in  the  province  of  Manchooria, 
China,  on  the  Amoor,  about  18  miles  from  the  Russian  fron- 
tier, is  a  flourishing  trading  station,  and  the  seat  of  the  gov- 
ernor and  of  the  admiralty  administration  of  the  Amooc 
fleet.     Pop.  15,000. 

Aignrande,  &^gii^r&Nd',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Indre,  13  miles  S.W.  of  La  Chatre.     Pop.  1486. 

AijerbangiS)  i'y^r-bing'ghis,  a  town  of  the  East 
Indies,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Natal. 

Aijoe  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Aiou. 

Aiken,  a'ken,  a  county  of  South  Carolina,  bordering 
on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  1068  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Edisto  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South  Carolina 
and  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroads.  Capital,  Aiken.  Pop. 
in  1880,  28,112;  in  1890,  31,822. 

Aiken,  a  town  and  county  of  Minnesota.     See  Aitkin. 

Aiken,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  11  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  B.  of  Bradford. 

Aiken,  a  beautiful  post-town  and  health  resort,  the 
capital  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  is  situated  on  the  South  Carolina 
Railroad,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  9  churches, 
3  banks,  several  academies  and  high  schools  for  each  race, 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  fine  products,  and  2  newspaper 
oflSces.     Pop.  in  1890,  2362. 

Ailano,  i-li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
9  miles  W.  of  Piedimonte.     Pop.  1391. 

Aillevillers,  airy^Veel^yiK',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Haute-Sa6ne,  on  the  Vesoul-Nanoy  Railway,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Lure.     Pop.  2745. 

Ailmouth,  a  town  of  England.     See  Aleuoutb. 

Ailsa  (ile'sa)  Craig,  a  remarkable  island  of  columnar 
basalt,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  in  Scotland, 
rising  to  an  elevation  of  1000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
eea.     Lat.  65°  15'  N.;  Ion.  5°  7'  W. 

Ailsa  Craig,  a  town  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  24  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
contains  several  factories,  a  printing-office,  Ac.     Pop.  760. 

Ailu  Islands,  Pacific.    See  Krusenstbrn  Islands. 

Ailutaki,  i-loo-ti'kee,  or  Whylostacke,  wi-16s-t4'ke, 
one  of  the  Hervey  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  18°  32'  S.  ; 
Ion.  159°  24'  W.  It  is  9  miles  long,  hilly  and  fertile;  and  its 
encircling  coral  reef  fences  it  from  the  sea  and  makes  the 
anchorage  good  for  small  vessels.  Its  native  people  are 
Christians.     Pop.  2000. 

Aimaraez,  or  Aymaraes,  i-mi-ri-es',  almost  i-m&- 
rioe',  a  province  of  Peru,  department  of  Cuzco,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Cordillera  de  Huambo,  about  130  miles  long  (from  N.  to 
S.)  by  26  wide.     It  comprises  60  villages.     Pop.  15,000. 

Aimargnes,  i^maRg',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Gard,  on  a  raijway,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  2830. 

Aime-  (or  Ayme-)  la-Cdte,  aim-  (or  4m)  l4-k6t' 
(anc.  Axima),  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  9  milee  N.E. 
of  Moutiers.     Pop.  1050. 

Ain,  &N»  (anc.  Danutf),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 


Jura  Mountains,  near  Nozeroy,  and  joins  the  Rhone  on  the 
right,  18  miles  above  Lyons.     Length,  118  miles. 

Ain,  a  department  in  the  E.  of  France,  bordering  on 
Switzerland.  Area,  2258  square  miles.  Pop.  365,462.  On 
the  E.  it  is  mountainous,  and  in  the  S.  and  W.  marshy. 
The  Rhone  bounds  it  on  the  E.  and  S.,  and  the  Sadne  on 
the  W. ;  the  Ain  traverses  its  centre.  Chief  town,  Bourg. 
The  number  of  artificial  lakes  in  the  department — the  largest 
not  above  2  miles  long — exceeds  1600.  They  are  found  in 
the  marshy  tract  called  La  Dombes,  and  are  maintained  for 
fish-breeding,  but  at  regular  intervals  are  drained  off  and 
their  beds  afi'ord  crops  of  grain. 

Ain,  ine,  or  ine,  an  Arabic  word  signifying  "  fountain," 
forming  a  part  of  the  names  of  numerous  places  in  Arabia 
and  North  Africa. 

Ain,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark. 

Ainad,  i^n&d',  or  Ainand,  i^naud',  a  town  and  district 
of  Arabia,  Hadramaut,  on  the  Wady  Hagger,  200  miles  N.E. 
of  Aden.     Lat.  15°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  47°  10'  W.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ainada,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Inada. 

Ainay-le«Ch^teau,  i*ni'-l?h-sha,H6',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Allier,  20  miles  N.  of  Montlufon.     Pop.  2200. 

Ain-Madi,  ine-m&'dee\  a  town  of  Algeria,  built  on  a 
hill,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Laghouat.     Pop.  about  600. 

Aino,  I'no,  Ainoo,  or  Ainon,  I'noo,  a  race  of  men 
inhabiting  the  Kooril  Islands,  Yesso,  Saghalin,  and  parts  of 
the  Siberian  province  of  Primorskaya.  The  Japanese,  Loo- 
chooans,  and  Coreans  are  believ^  to  be  largely  of  Aino 
descent.  The  Ainos  are  a  gentle  and  inoffensive  race,  but 
little  elevated  above  the  savage  state.  They  have  full 
beards,  and  are  the  "hairy  Koorils"  of  navigators;  but 
the  statement  that  their  bodies  are  entirely  covered  with 
hair  is  an  exaggeration.  In  Japan  they  are  caUed  Mozin  ; 
in  Siberia,  Ghiliak ;  and  it  is  asserted  that  some  of  the 
native  tribes  of  Formosa  and  the  Malay  Islands  are  of 
Aino  stock. 

Ain-Oonah,  &ne-oo'n&h,  or  Ainune,  i-noo'n^h,  a 
haven  of  Arabia,  on  the  Red  Sea,  E.  of  the  entrance  to  the 
Gulf  of  Akabah.  Lat.  28°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  18'  E.  The  inte- 
rior of  the  haven  is  about  12  miles  long,  6  broad,  and  from 
12  to  13  fathoms  in  depth ;  a  secure  place  of  shelter. 

Ain-Salah,  ine-  (or  ine-)  s&'l&h,  or  Insalah,  in- 
si'lih,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara,  district  of  Tooat. 

Ain-Sefisifa,  &ne-si-fe-se-f&',  or  simply  Sefisifa,  a 
village  of  Algeria,  161  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oran.     Pop.  400. 

Ain-Sefra,  ine-sfif  r&,  a  village  of  Algeria,  151  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Oran.     Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  W.     Pop.  800. 

Ainsty,  ine'stee,  a  district  of  England,  in  the  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire.     Area,  84  square  miles. 

Ainsworth,  anz'w9rth,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  a  railroad,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Ainsworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Neb., 
184  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Neligh.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  and  3  newspapers.     Pop.  (1890)  733. 

Aintab,  ine-tab'  (anc.  Antiochi'a  ad  Tau'rum),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Taurus,  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Aleppo.     Pop.  20,000. 

Ain-Tacazze,  ane-ti-kat'si  {i.e.,  the  "fountain  or 
source  of  the  Tacazze"),  a  small  lake  in  Abyssinia,  in  the  S. 
part  of  Tigr6,  whence  flows  the  river  Tacazze. 

Ain-Tedl^s,  Ane-tSd'laz,  a  village  of  Algeria,  province 
of  Oran,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Mostaganem.     Pop.  3039. 

Ain-Zarbe,  ine-zaR'b^h,  Anazarbus,  &-n&-zaR'bQ8, 
or  Anzarba,  in-zaR'bi  (anc.  Gtesare'a  Augut'ta),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Adana,  on  the  Jyhoon  (anc. 
Pyr'amus),  35  miles  N.E.  of  Adana,  and  formerly  a  resi- 
dence of  the  Christian  princes  of  Antioch. 

Aiou,  i'6w\  (or  Yowl)  Islands,  a  circular  group  of 
low  isles  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  100  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Papua  or  New  Guinea. 

Aipe,  i'p^h,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  in 
Tolima,  22  miles  N.  of  Neyva.     Pop.  3460. 

Air,  ir,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad.     Pop.  3454. 

Air,  or  Ahir.    See  Asben. 

Airaines,  i^rine'  or  iVfin',  a  commune  and  town  of 
France,  department  of  Somme,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens, 
with  important  manufactures.     Pop.  2127. 

Airasca,  i-ris'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pinerolo.     Pop.  2080. 

Aircourt,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Etrbcoukt. 

Airdrie,  air'dree,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  11 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Glasgow,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
canal  and  railway.  Pop.  16,133.  It  is  well  built,  paved, 
and  lighted  with  gas;  has  a  neat  town-house,  a  public 
library,  banks,  and  several  schools  and  charities.  The  iron 
and  coal  of  its  vicinity  are  very  extensively  wrought.     It 


I 


AIR 


445 


AJM 


unites  with  Lanark,  Hamilton,  &o.,  in  sending  >ne  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Airds  (airdz),  The^  a  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
remarkable  for  its  picturesque  seenery. 

Aird's  Moss,  a  tract  of  moorland  in  Scotland,  co.  of 
Ayr,  between  the  Ayr  and  the  Lugar. 

Aire,  ain,  or  Aire-sur-1'Adour,  aiR-silR-li^dooR' 
(anc.  Vi'cua  Ju'liut,  afterwards  Atu'res),  an  episcopal  town 
of  France,  department  of  Landes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Adour,  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  It  is 
well  built,  and  contains  a  college  and  a  cathedral.  It  was  at 
one  time  the  capital  of  the  Visigoths.     Pop.  4361. 

Aire,  aiR,  or  Aire-sur-la-Lys,  aiR-siiR-14-leece',  a 
fortified  town  of  France,  department  of  Pas -de- Calais,  on 
the  navigable  river  Lys,  and  on  three  canals,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  St.  Omer.  Pop.  8303.  It  is  well  built,  has  a 
Gothic  church,  belfry,  barracks,  library,  and  college,  and 
is  the  seat  of  varied  manufactures. 

Aire,  air,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  joins  the  Ouse 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Goole.     Chief  affluent,  the  Calder. 

Airey,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Aldborouoh. 

Airey's,  air'iz,  a  post- village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Dorchester  &  Delaware  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Air'field,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  oo.,  Va. 

Air  Hill ,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  is  at  Weaver 
Station,  on  a  railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Air  liine,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  from 
Hartwell. 

Ait  Monnt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talabusha  co.,  Miss.,  12 
miles  from  Coflfeeville.     It  has  a  church. 

Airola,  i-ro'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  5116. 

Airole,  i-ro'li,  a  village  of  Northwestern  Italy,  province 
of  Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  1624. 

Airolo,  i-ro'lo  (Ger.  Alheraweil,  irbers-^i?;  Romansh, 
Eriels,  i're-els),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
at  the  S.  end  of  the  St.  Q^thard  railway  tunnel,  26  miles  N. 
W.  of  Bellinzona.  Pop.  1724.  This  was  the  scene  of  a  battle 
between  the  Russians  and  French,  13th  of  September,  1799. 

Airvault,  aiRVo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Deux-S^vres,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Parthenay.     Pop.  1735. 

Air'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Chanceford  township,  about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Airy  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Aisne,  ain  or  In  (anc.  Ax'ona),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  department  of  Meuse,  passes  Soissons,  and  is  joined 
by  the  Oise  near  CompiSgne.     Length,  175  miles. 

Aisne,  a  department  in  the  N.  of  France.  Pop.  560,427. 
Area,  2322  square  miles.  Surface  flat;  soil  fertile;  agri- 
culture good.  Chief  rivers,  Marne  in  the  S.,  Oise  in  the 
N.,  and  Aisne  in  the  centre, — all  navigable.  Manufactures 
very  important.     Principal  town,  Laon. 

Aistersheim,  is't^rz-hlme^  a  village  of  Upper  Austria, 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  2175. 

Aithiopia,  a  country  of  ancient  Africa.    See  Ethiopia. 

Aithlone,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Athlone. 

Aitkin,  at'kin,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  1900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
Lake  Mille  Lacs.  The  soil  is  partly  productive.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Aitkin. 
Pop. in  1870,  178;  in  1880,  366;  in  1890,  2462. 

Aitkin,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Aitkin  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 88  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  logging- 
sleighs,  boats,  and  lumber.  In  the  vicinity  are  numerous 
picturesque  lakes.  Steamers  ascend  the  Mississippi  176 
miles  above  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  1043. 

Aitutakai,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Ailutaki. 

Aiv,  a  village  of  England.     See  Avebury. 

Aivali,  Aiwaly,  i-vi'lee  (written  also  Aiwalik),  or 
Kidonia,  kee-do'n§-i  (anc.  Heracle'a),  a  seaport  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Adramyti,  on  the  strait 
opposite  the  island  of  Mitylene. 

Aix,  is,  or  iks  (anc.  A'quse  Sex'tite),  a  city  of  France, 
department  of  Bouches-du-Rh8ne,  capital  of  the  arrondisse- 
ment,  on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.  of  Marseilles.  Pop.  24,892. 
The  modern  town  is  well  built,  with  squares,  fountains,  and 
boulevards.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  fine 
cathedral,  palace,  town  hall,  court  of  assizes,  academy,  a 
library  of  100,000  volumes,  museum,  college,  barracks,  pub- 
lic granaries,  and  numerous  public  buildings.  The  hot 
saline  spring  used  by  the  Romans  exists  in  a  suburb,  where 
%rn  remains  of  antiquity.     Aix  has  cotton-thread  and  silk 


factories,  cloth-printing  works^  and  an  active  trade  in  fin* 
olive  oil  and  fruits. 

Aix,  or  Aix-les-Bains,  Aks-l4-biNo'  (anc.  A'qua 
Oratia'nm),  a  very  ancient  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  a 
railway,  8  miles  N.  of  Chamb6ry,  in  a  fertile  and  delightful 
valley  near  the  Lake  of  Bourget.  Pop.  4182.  It  is  much 
resorted  to  for  its  thermal  waters,  and  has  numerous  remains 
of  antiquity. 

Aix  a'Angillon,  iks  d5N»*zhee^yiN»',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Cher,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1602. 

Aix-en-Othe,  iks-5n-5t',  a  town-  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aube,  on  the  Nesle,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Troyes. 
Pop.  2779. 

Aixe-snr- Vienne,  iks-silR-ve^finn',  atown  of  France, 
department  of  Haute- Vienne,  on  the  Vienne,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  3308. 

Aix-la-Chapelle,iks-13,-shS,^pell'  {li.Aquia  Granum; 
Ger.  Aachen,  i'K^n,  i.e.,  "waters,"  or  "fountains,"  equiva- 
lent to  the  Latin  Aqua,  a  name  given  by  the  Romans  to  warm 
springs  J  see  Aa),  a  frontier  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  capital 
of  the  government  of  Aachen,  44  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of 
Cologne.  It  is  well  built  and  handsome,  with  a  cathedral 
founded  in  796,  a  town  hall  on  the  site  of  Charlemagne's 
palace,  several  fine  churches,  celebrated  mineral  baths, 
which  have  a  great  reputation  for  the  cure  of  rheumatism 
and  diseases  of  the  blood  (temperature  from  111°  to  114° 
Fahr.),  many  hospitals,  a  public  library,  gymnasium,  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  and  an  elegant  theatre.  As  the  chief 
station  of  the  Belgo-Rhenish  Railway,  connecting  with 
Antwerp,  Ostend,  and  Cologne,  Aix-la-Chapelle  afibrds  an 
extensive  mart  to  the  commerce  of  Prussia,  and  is  the  seat 
of  commercial  and  factory  courts.  It  has  some  manufac- 
tures, especially  of  cloth,  needles,  gloves,  leather,  chemicals, 
linen,  paints,  cutlery,  iron,  stoneware,  &c.  As  early  as  the 
twelfth  century  its  gold-  and  silversmiths  and  cloth-weavers 
were  in  high  repute.    Pop.  in  1875,  95,725  ;  in  1890, 103,491. 

In  the  market-place  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Charlemagne, 
whose  favorite  residence  was  here,  and  whose  successors  in 
the  empire  were  crowned  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  until  the  six- 
teenth century.  Two  celebrated  treaties  of  peace  were  con- 
cluded here :  (1)  between  France  and  Spain,  by  which  France 
secured  possession  of  Flanders,  in  1688;  and  (2)  in  1748, 
which  terminated  the  war  of  succession  in  Austria.  An  in- 
ternational congress  was  held  here  in  1818. 

Aizenay,  i^z§h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vendue,  5  miles  N.W.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  990. 

Aja,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Hague. 

Ajaccio,  i-yit'cho,  or  Ajazzo,  i-yit'so,  a  seaport, 
the  capital  of  Corsica,  is  situated  on  its  W.  coast,  at  the  N. 
of  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  41°  54'  N.,  Ion.  8°  44' 
E.  Pop.  16,545.  It  is  built  in  an  agreeable  situation,  with 
a  good  port  defended  by  a  citadel.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  courts,  medical  schools,  prison,  hospital, 
a  library  of  27,000  volumes,  and  an  active  trade  in  wine, 
oil,  and  coral.  Napoleon  Bonaparte  was  born  here  on  the 
15th  of  August,  1769;  the  house  is  still  standing. 

Ajain,  i^zhiN"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Creuse,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  2027. 

Ajan,  k-zhkn',  a  country  of  Africa,  extending  along  its 
E.  coast  from  Cape  Guardafui  to  Zanguebar,  between  lat.  4° 
and  11°  N.,  bounded  N.  by  Adel,  E.  by  the  Indian  Ocean. 
Chief  towns,  Brava,  Magadoxo,  and  Melinda. 

Ajasalnk,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ayasoolook. 

Ajazzo,  a  city  of  Corsica.    See  Ajaccio. 

Ajeho,  a  town  of  Manchooria.    See  A-She-Hoh. 

Ajello,  i-y4l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Cosenza. 
Pop.  3074.     It  is  supposed  to  replace  the  ancient  Tilesio. 

Ajello,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  980. 

Ajello,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aquila.  Pop. 
1630. 

Ajello,  a  town  of  lUyria,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goritz.  Pop. 
1469. 

Ajello  del  Sabato,  4-yfil'lo  dfil  si-b4'to,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  1443. 

Ajeta,  i-y4't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  8 
miles  N.  of  Scalea.     Pop.  3380. 

Ajistan,  &-jis-t&n',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kashan.  It  is  large  and  strag- 
gling, is  surrounded  by  gardens,  and  has  a  royal  palace. 

Ajmeer,  Ajmere,  ij-meer',  or  Rtupootana,  rJj- 
poo-ti'ni,  a  city,  capital  of  the  province  of  Ajmeer,  220 
miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.  Pop.  34,763.  It  is  regularly  built 
and  handsome,  has  a  large  bazaar,  a  college,  and  English 
and  native  schools.     It  manufactures  oil  and  cotton  goods. 

Ajmeer,  or  Ajmir,  a  province  of  India,  in  Rajpootana. 
Lat.  25°  43'-26°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  22'-75°  33'  E.     Area, 


AJO 


446 


AKR 


2661  square  miles.  Portions  are  very  fertile,  but  many 
tracts  are  barren.     Capital,  Ajmeer.     Pop.  about  500,000. 

Ajofrin,  i-HO-freen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
province  and  9  miles  S.  of  Toledo.     Pop,  2833. 

Ajuda,  i-zboo'di,  a  Portuguese  colony  in  West  Africa. 
Area,  14  square  miles.     Pop.  4500. 

Ajudhia,  a  town  of  India.     See  Ocde. 

Ajuu'tah  (the  "strong  pass"),  a  large  fortified  town  of 
British  India,  famous  for  its  rock-hewn  temples,  53  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Aurungabad. 

Ajuruoca,  i-zhoo-roo-o'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  Ajuruooa  River,  117  miles  N.E.  of 
Rio  Janeiro.  The  district  is  rich  in  tobacco,  millet,  man- 
dioca,  sugar-cane,  and  coffee.     Pop.  12,000. 

Akabah,  3,'k&-b&,  a  fortified  village  of  Arabia,  on  the  E. 
Bide  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  near  its  N.  extremity.  Lat.  29° 
24'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  35°  6'  E.  Its  former  names,  Elana  and 
Ailah,  are  preserved  in  the  name  of  the  Greek  bishopric  for 
the  Sinai  peninsula.     See  Gulp  op  Akabah. 

Ak^alignr',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Chenaub 
and  the  Ravee.     Lat.  32°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  37'  E. 

Akalzik,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Akhalzikh. 

Akamboe,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Aquambo. 

AkaU)  a  township  of  Wisconsin.     See  Aken. 

Akarao.,  &-ki-r&'o,  a  town  and  harbor  in  Banks'  penin- 
sula, province  of  Canterbury,  New  Zealand;  settled  by  the 
French.     Lat.  43°  54'  S.;  Ion.  173°  1'  E.     Pop.  2722. 

AkaseC)  or  Akasi^  &-k&-see',  a  town  of  Japan,  island 
of  Hondo.     See  also  Akhalzikh. 

Akashansk,  or  Akaschansk,  &-k&sh-S,nsk',  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  on  the  Onon. 

Akassa,  &^k&s-s3,'.  Noon,  Noun,  or  Nnn,  noon,  a 
town  or  village  of  Morocco,  at  the  mouths  of  the  river  Noon. 

Akassa,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Noon. 

Akaszto,  6k-Sss'to,  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of 
Pesth,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kis-Korbs.     Pop.  2423. 

Akato,  8,-ki'to,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo. 

Akbarabad,  a  city  of  India.    See  Agra. 

Ak-Bashi-Liman,  the  ancient  Sestot.    See  Sestos. 

Ak^berpore',  or  Ak^barpoor',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  27  miles  W.  of  Cawnpoor.     Pop.  5497. 

Akchehr,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Akshehb. 

Ak-Deyavin,  ak-di-yi-veen',  a  village  of  Syria,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Aleppo,  with  some  remarkable  ruins. 

Akeer,  or  Akir,  i-keer',  a  village  in  the  S.  part  of 
Palestine,  near  the  right  bank  of  WaSy-es-Surar. 

Aken,  i'k^n,  or  Acken,  ik'k§n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Magdebure.  Pop. 
5270.  6  6  1' 

Aken,  or  Akan,  a'k^n,  a  post-township  of  Richland  co.. 
Wis.,  9  miles  from  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  982. 

Akereh,  &'k&-r9h,  a  town  or  large  village  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  Koordistsui,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Zebari  range,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Mosul.     It  has  about  500  houses. 

Akerman,  Akkerman,  a'k§r-m&n\  Akierman, 
ik'y§r-min\  or  Aielgorad,  i-ySrgo-rid'  (anc.  Ty'raa), 
a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Dniester,  near  the  Black  Sea,  opposite  Ovidiopol,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Odessa.  Lat.  46°  11'  51"  N. ;  Ion.  30°  21'  52" 
E.  Pop.  45,598.  It  has  a  port,  fisheries,  and  an  extensive 
trade  in  salt  from  a,djacent  lakes. 

Akershns,  an  amt  of  Norway.     See  Aggershtjus. 

Akersloot,  a'k§r-slote\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  6  miles  S.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1319. 

Akersund,  i'k^r-soond^  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Wetter,  112  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stockholm. 

A'kersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  in  Brush 
Creek  township,  about  34  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Akhah  Shehr,  i'Ki  shSh'r  (Akhissar?),  a  small 
seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Ereglee.     Some  ship-building  is  here  carried  on. 

Akhalkalaki,  i-Kil-ka-li'kee,  or  Akhalkalak,  i- 
Kil-k4-lS,k',  a  town  and  fort  of  Russian  Armenia,  on  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Koor,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Akhalzikh. 

Akhalzikh,  Achalzig,  or  Akaizik,  i-Kil-zecK', 
called  also  Akiska,  H-kis'ka,  and  Akasi,  4-ki'see,  a  city 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Georgia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Koor, 
103  miles  W.  of  Tiflis.  Lat.  41°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  1'  E.  Pop. 
15,977.  It  has  a  castle,  a  mosque,  many  churches,  a  syna- 
gogue, and  an  active  trade. 

Akhioli,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ahiolo. 

Ak-Hissar,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kroya. 

Ak-Hissar,  ik'his-saR'  {i.e.,  "white  castle"),  or  Ek- 
Hissar  (anc.  Thyati'ra),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  58  miles 
N.E.  of  Smyrna.     Pop.  8000.     It  has  Turkish,  Greek,  and 


Armenian  dwellings,  several  khans  and  bazaars,  a  Greek 
school,  and  remains  of  antiquity.     It  exports  cotton  goods. 

Akhlat,  4K^l&t',  Ardish,  anMeesh',  or  Khe^lat',  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Van,  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Van,  It  is  the  see  of  an  Armenian  bishop. 
Pop.  6000. 

Akhmym,  or  Achmim,  &K-meem',  sometimes  £kh- 
mym  (anc.  Chem'mis  and  Panop'olia),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  Nile.     Lat.  26°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  31°  50'  E.     Pop.  10,00a. 

Akhtiar,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sevastopol. 

Akhtirka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Achtyeka. 

Akhun,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.     See  Akoon. 

Akialee,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ahiolo. 

A'kin ,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  1 6  miles  S.W.  of 
McLeansborough.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Akir,  a  village  of  Palestine.     See  Akeer.  _ 

Akiska,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Akhalzikh. 

Ak'ita,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo.  Lat.  39° 
45'  N.     Pop.  30,602. 

Akka,  ak'ki,  a  village  of  Sahara,  on  the  borders  of 
Morocco,  in  lat.  28°  30'  N.,  Ion.  10'  W.  It  is  a  station  for 
the  caravans  between  Morocco  and  Timbuctoo.    Pop.  1000. 

Akka,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Acre. 

Aklansk,  ak-lftnsk',  a  garrisoned  town  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Yakootsk.    Lat.  63°  N. ;  Ion.  167°  E.    Pop.  2000. 

Akmetchet,  or  Akmedshid.    See  Simferopol. 

Ak^moIUinsk',  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Central 
Asia,  on  the  Kirgheez  steppe,  bounded  N.  by  Tobolsk,  E. 
by  Semipalatinsk,  S.  by  Toorkistan,  W,  by  Toorgai,  Cap. 
Akmollinsk.     Area,  210,555  square  miles.     Pop.  381,900. 

Akmollinsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  the 
government  and  district  of  the  same  name.  It  is  on  the 
river  Ishim.     Pop.  3130. 

Aknur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Agnur. 

Akoat,  Akoote,  or  Akot,  i-kot',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Akola.  It  has  a  great  trade 
in  cotton.     Pop.  14,606. 

Akola,  &-ko'l&,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  in  the  Akola  dis- 
trict, 56  miles  S.W.  of  Ellichpoor,  on  a  railway.  Pop.  12,236. 
It  has  a  high  school,  and  is  surrounded  by  extensive  ruins. 

Akola,  a  district  of  Western  Berar,  India.  Lat.  20°  23'- 
21°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  25'-77°  19'  E.  Area,  3396  square  miles. 
Pon.  649,134. 

Akoon,  Akoun,  or  Aknn,  &^koon',  written  also  Ak- 
hun, i-Koon',  one  of  the  Fox  Group,  Aleutian  Islands. 
Lat.  64°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  166°  32'  W.     It  is  an  active  volcano. 

Akoosha,  or  Akuscha,  &-koo'sh&,  a  territory  and 
town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan.  The  former  occupies  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Caucasus.  The  town,  capital  of  the  district,  is 
situated  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Derbend.     Pop.  5860. 

Akootan,  Akoutan,  or  Akutan,  ll-koo-t&n',  also 
written  Akuton,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  between  Oo- 
nimak  and  Oonalaska,  has  an  active  volcano  3332  feet  high, 
has  many  hot  springs,  and  is  said  to  contain  much  sulphur. 

Akora,  4-ko'ri,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Cabool 
River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Attock. 

Akoncha,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Akoosha. 

Akowaay,  8,-ko-wi'i  or  i-ko-wi',  a  town  and  inde- 
pendent settlement  on  the  Guinea  Coast.  The  former  is 
well  built  for  a  town  in  this  part  of  Africa.     Pop.  7000. 

Akrabeh,  ik'ri^b^h,  a  large  town  of  Palestine,  lat.  32° 
10'  N.,  Ion.  35°  25'  E. 

Akree,  or  Akri,  ik'ree,  a  Moslem  village  of  Palestine, 
15  miles  W.N.W,  of  Jerusalem ;  probably  the  ancient  Ekron. 

Akreyri,  ik-ri'ree,  a  town  of  Iceland,  on  the  Eyiafiord. 
Lat.  66°  40'  N.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is,  next  to 
Reikiavik,  the  most  important  trading-place  in  Iceland. 

Ak'ron  (P.  0.,  Akron  Junction),  a  village  of  Hale  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  Black  Warrior,  26  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Tus- 
caloosa.    Pop.  260. 

Akron,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co..  Col., 
112  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Denver.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  659. 

Akron,  a  post-township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  about  18 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Peoria.     Pop.  1185. 

Akron,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  700. 

Akron,  a  post-town  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  33  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  494. 

Akron,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Saginaw.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  685. 

Akron,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Batavia.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour, 


AKR 


447 


ALA 


fbod  oement,  the  latter  having  a  very  wide  and  high  reputa- 
tion.    Pop.  in  1880,  1036;  in  1890,  1492. 

Akron,  a  beautiful  and  flourishing  city,  the  capital  of 
Summit  CO.,  0.,  is  a  manufacturing,  mineral,  and  railroad 
centre,  39  milea  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Cleveland,  131  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  252  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  960  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  400  feet  above  the  level  of  Lake  Erie.  It 
has  an  active  trade  in  grain  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
agricultural  implements.  Akron  has  33  churches,  7  banks, 
public  schools,  a  high  school  which  cost  $100,000,  a  public 
library,  boiler-works,  brick-  and  fire-brick-works,  a  paint- 
and  oil-factory,  a  harness-factory,  a  sewer-pipe  factory,  a 
stoneware-factory,  hard-rubber  works,  a  twine-  and  cordage- 
factory,  a  shirt-factory,  soap-works,  knife-works,  an  ice- 
factory,  a  roller  flour-mill,  stove-works,  a  match -factory, 
and  lumber-mills.  Two  daily,  1  tri-weekly,  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Akron  is  the  seat  of  Buch- 
tel  College  (Universalist),  founded  in  1872.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  city.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,512 ;  in  1890,  27,601. 

Akron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Akron  Junction,  Alabama.    See  Akron. 

Aksai,  ik-si',  a  river  of  Circassia,  rising  on  the  N.E. 
slopes  of  the  Caucasus,  falls  into  the  Terek,  after  a  course 
of  about  120  miles. 

Ak-Sai,  a  mountain  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  in  the  Kara- 
Tau  range,  14,825  feet  high. 

Ak-Serai,  ik-s^-ri'  {i.e.,  "white  palace"),  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Kizil-Irmak,  80  miles  N.E.  of 
Konieh.  Pop.  5000  (?).  It  has  a  castle,  and  many  Sara- 
oenic  remains. 

Akshehr,  Akchehr,  Akscheher,  or  Ak-Sheher, 
4k-sh5'hr'  or  ik-shi'h§r  {i.e.,  "  white  city"),  a  city  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  district  of  Karamania,  10  miles  S.  of  the  salt  lake 
of  the  same  name,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Konieh.  It  contains 
about  1500  houses      Akshehr  is  the  Philomelion  of  Strabo. 

Aksoo,  Akson,  or  Aksu,  ik^soo',  a  town  of  Eastern 
Toorkistan,  on  a  river,  S.  of  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains,  250 
miles  N.E.  of  Yarkand.  Lat.  41°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  E.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  jasper,  and  is  re- 
sorted to  by  trading-caravans  from  all  parts  of  Central 
Asia.     Pop.  50,000. 

Aksoo,  Aksou,  or  Aksu,  ik^soo',  a  small  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Brusa. 

Aksoo,  or  Aksu  ("white  river"),  the  name  of  several 
Asiatic  rivers,  the  principal  of  which  has  its  course  in  the 
Pameer,  becoming  one  of  the  chief  affluents  of  the  Moor- 
ghaub. 

Akstafa,  4k'st3,^fi\  a  river  and  valley  of  Georgia.  The 
river  falls  into  the  Koor  from  the  right,  about  32  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Tiflis.  The  valley  is  volcanic,  and  is  occupied  with  Ar- 
menian villages. 

Aksu,  a  town  and  river  of  Turkey.     See  Aksoo. 

Aksum,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  AxooM. 

Akteboli,  &k-te-bo'lee,  a  small  haven  of  European 
Turkey,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Black  Sea. 

Aku,  i^koo',  a  mountain  of  Nepaul,  in  the  Himalaya. 
Height,  24,313  feet. 

Akun,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.    See  Akoon. 

Akurka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Achtyrka. 

Akuscha,  a  town  and  territory  of  Russia.  See  Akoosha. 

Akutan,  Akuton,  island  of  Alaska.    Bee  Akootak. 

Akyab,  &k*yib',  a  town  and  seaport  of  British  Burmah, 
In  Aracan,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Akyab.  It  has 
a  fine  harbor,  a  large  export  trade,  and  is  the  chief  town  of 
Aracan.     Pop.  15,281. 

Akyab,  a  large  district  of  Aracan,  British  Burmah. 
Area,  4858  square  miles.  It  has  much  exceedingly  fertile 
Boil  and  extensive  forests  and  jungles.  Capital,  Akyab. 
Pop.  282,715. 

Ala,  &'1&,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  of 
Sassari,  district  of  Ozieri.     Pop.  1285. 

Ala,  i'14,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Adige,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Roveredo. 
Pop.  4218,  employed  in  manufactures  of  silks  and  velvets. 

Alabama,  al-a-bah'ma,  a  river  of  the  state  of  Ala- 
bama, is  formed  by  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa  Rivers,  which 
unite  on  the  S.  border  of  Elmore  co.,  about  10  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Montgomery.  Between  this  capital  city  and  Selma  its 
general  direction  is  westward.  From  Selma  it  runs  nearly 
southwestward,  with  a  very  tortuous  course,  until  it  unites 
with  the  Tombigbee  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Clarke 
00.  and  about  33  miles  (in  a  direct  line)  N.  of  Mobile.  The 
stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  the  Mobile  River.  The 
length  of  the  Alabama  from  the  mouth  of  the  Coosa  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Tombigbee  is  about  300  miles.     Steamboats 


can  ascend  it  to  Montgomery  at  all  times  except  in  seasons 
of  unusual  drought.  The  country  through  which  it  flows 
is  fertile,  and  produces  large  crops  of  cotton.  In  the  upper 
part  of  its  course  it  traverses  a  large  tract  of  the  cretaceous 
formation. 

Alabama  (a  Muscogee  or  Creek  word,  signifying  a 
"  place  of  rest"),  one  of  the  Southern  States  of  the  Ameri- 
can Union,  is  bounded  N.  by  Tennessee,  E.  by  Georgia  and 
Florida,  S.  by  Florida  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W.  by 
Mississippi.  Extreme  length,  336  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
200  miles ;  area,  52,250  square  miles.  Extreme  limits,  SC 
31'  and  35°  N.  lat.,  and  84°  56'  and  88°  48'  W.  Ion. 

Face  of  the  Country,  &c. — The  Alleghany  and  Cumberland 
Mountains  enter  the  state  from  the  N.E,  and  N.,  being  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  Tennessee  River ;  but  they  are 
nowhere  much  more  than  1500  feet  high,  and  to  the  8. 
they  decline,  until  in  the  centre  of  the  state  they  become 
mere  hiUs.  Southward  of  this  picturesque  central  hill- 
region  comes  the  cotton-belt,  including  the  "cane-brake 
region," — one  of  the  most  fertile  tracts  of  cotton-land  in  the 
world.  Farther  south  the  "pine  woods"  occupy  a  large 
sparsely  populated  area,  capable  of  producing  vast  sup- 
plies of  timber  and  naval  stores.  All  parts  of  the  state 
abound  in  timber-trees,  pine,  oak,  cypress,  and  red  cedar. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — In  the  E.  central  part  of  the 
state  is  an  area  of  more  than  4400  square  miles,  consisting 
of  metamorphic  rocks  altered  and  crystallized  from  the 
Silurian  and  earlier  periods,  and  characterized  by  a  diver- 
sity of  composition,  as  well  as  by  a  great  variety  of  topog- 
raphy and  soil.  To  the  N.  and  W.  lies  the  Coosa  valley,  a 
continuation  of  the  complex  valley  extending  S.E.  from 
Pennsylvania,  in  which  the  prevailing  formations  are 
Silurian  and  Devonian.  In  portions  of  this  valley  and 
thence  N.  and  W.  lie  the  coal  measures,  once  continuous, 
but  now  forming  three  separate  fields.  The  Coosa  field 
covers  an  area  of  415  square  miles,  the  Cahaba  field  aggre- 
gates 435  square  miles,  and  the  Warrior  field,  occupying 
the  upper  valley  of  the  Black  Warrior  River,  is  estimated 
at  about  7800  square  miles.  The  productive  area  of  the 
coal-fields  is  5350  square  miles,  of  which  the  Coosa  field 
has  150,  the  Cahaba  field  200,  and  the  Warrior  field  5000 
square  miles.  The  coals  are  bituminous,  and  the  output 
increased  between  1870  and  1889  from  11,000  to  3,378,484 
tons.  Of  this  latter  amount,  more  than  one-half  was  con- 
sumed in  Alabama,  a  large  part  having  been  made  into 
coke  to  supply  the  numerous  pig-iron  furnaces.  The  iron 
ore  is  abundant,  excellent,  and  readily  accessible.  The 
cost  of  mining,  69  cents  per  ton,  is  the  lowest  in  the  coun- 
try, and,  with  a  production  of  1,570,319  tons  of  ore  in 
1889,  Alabama  was  surpassed  in  quantity  only  by  Mich- 
igan. The  Alleghany  gold-field  has  in  Alabama  its  S.W. 
terminus,  and  up  to  1890  there  had  been  coined  in  the 
United  States  mints  $234,313.44  in  Alabama  gold.  Silver, 
lead,  copper,  ochre,  steatite,  fictile  clays,  kaolin,  statuary 
granite,  lithographic  stone,  fine  white  and  variegated  mar- 
bles, and  numerous  other  useful  minerals,  exist  in  Northern 
and  Central  Alabama. 

The  great  cotton-belt  of  8.  central  Alabama  is  mainly  of 
the  cretaceous  formation,  and  is  highly  fertile.  The  pine- 
region  of  the  south  is  principally  of  the  tertiary  and  the 
post-tertiary  alluvial  formation. 

Soil,  Climate,  Public  Health. — In  general  this  state  is 
fertile,  and  in  the  less  productive  regions  in  the  hill-country 
there  are  as  compensations  abundant  water-power,  a  health- 
ful and  agreeable  climate,  and  numerous  mineral  springs. 
The  pine-woods  region  in  the  south  afibrds,  besides  forest 
products,  considerable  honey,  wax,  and  rice,  grows  sweet 
potatoes  abundantly,  and  yields  fair  returns  in  cotton  and 
maize,  while  the  dryness  of  the  air  and  soil  and  the  bal- 
samic aroma  of  the  pines  are  believed  to  exert  a  curative 
eff'ect  in  pulmonary  diseases.  The  great  river  valleys  and 
the  central  cretaceous  belt  are  exceedingly  productive.  The 
most  prevalent  ailments — principally  in  the  low  river  inter- 
vales— are  malarial  fevers  of  varying  type,  and  catarrhal 
inflammatory  diseases.  The  climate  is  comparatively  equa- 
ble, the  streams  seldom  freeze  over,  while  the  summer  tem- 
perature rarely  exceeds  95°  F. ;  but  the  uniformity  of  the 
summer  heat  renders  the  climate  very  oppressive  to  persons 
of  northern  birth.  The  hill-regions  are,  however,  cooler, 
and  the  islands  of  Mobile  Bay  have  delightful  sea-breezes. 

Internal  communication  is  much  facilitated  by  the  navi- 
gable streams.  High-pressure  steamboats  ply  upon  the 
Mobile  River  (for  60  miles)  and  its  branches,  the  Alabama 
(450  miles)  and  the  Coosa  (10  miles;  its  upper  waters  have 
also  a  navigabi.e  reach  of  much  importance),  the  Tallapoosa 
(40  miles),  the  Tombigbee  throughout  its  course  in  this  state 
(250  miles),  and  the  Blaok  Warrior  (150  miles).    The  Mus- 


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448 


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ele  Shoals  in  the  Tennessee  River  seriously  impair  its  useful- 
ness as  a  navigable  stream.  The  Chattahoochee  is  navigated 
by  steamboats  some  300  miles  from  the  sea.     The  only  sea- 

e)rt  in  the  state  is  Mobile  (which  see),  situated  on  Mobile 
ay,  at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  River.  The  shallowness  of 
the  waters  of  the  bay  obliges  large  vessels  to  load  and  dis- 
charge their  cargoes  by  means  of  lighters ;  but  river  steam- 
ers ply  upon  the  bay,  going  to  New  Orleans  via  Grant's 
Passj  Mississippi  Sound,  and  Lakes  Borgne  and  Pontchar- 
train.  The  inland  steam  navigation  of  the  state  is  not 
less  than  1500  miles;  and  keel-boats  are  employed  upon 
some  of  the  smaller  streams.  The  Hailwai/i  of  the  state  in 
1890  extended  3422  miles  in  the  aggregate,  and  their  as- 
sessed valuation  was  $242,197,531. 

Industrial  IntereaU. — The  wonderful  development  of  the 
coal  and  iron  industries  in  the  valleys  of  the  Tennessee  and 
of  the  other  streams  of  Northern  Alabama  has  greatly  af- 
fected the  material  prosperity  of  the  state.  Daring  the 
decade  between  1880  and  1890,  such  towns  as  Birmingham, 
Anniston,  Deoator,  Florence,  and  Roanoke  leaped  from  a 
position  of  comparative  obscurity  into  one  of  prominence, 
while  others,  such  as  Bessemer  and  Ironton,  had  no  pre- 
vious existence.  Cotton  manufacture  has  also  received 
much  attention,  and  the  number  of  spindles  and  looms  is 
continually  increasing.  In  the  counties  at  the  S.,  the  lum- 
ber business  is  rapidly  developing  into  a  profitable  indus- 
try. The  streams  afford  means  for  floating  logs  and  furnish 
power  for  running  saw-mills.  The  construction  of  the 
Alabama  Midland  Railroad  has  greatly  added  to  the  facil- 
ities of  transportation  in  this  region,  and  large  quantities 
of  lumber  are  shipped  to  the  N.,  to  S.  America,  and  to 
England.  With  this  increased  activity  in  mining  and 
manufacturing  operations  there  has  been  a  relative  decline 
in  agricultural  pursuits,  especially  in  the  fertile  "  black 
belt"  of  Central  Alabama.  A  steady  emigration  has  con- 
tinued, not  only  among  white  and  colored  laborers,  but 
among  farm-owners  as  well.  Agriculture,  nevertheless, 
still  maintains  its  position  as  the  leading  economic  pursuit 
of  the  state.  Alabama  still  ranks  fourth  among  the  cotton- 
raising  states,  and  the  production  in  1889  amounted  to 
905,000  bales.  Indian  corn  is  raised  in  all  parts  of  the 
state,  and  in  1889  yielded  33,944,000  bushels.  Tobacco  is 
a  staple  crop  in  the  N.,  and  in  the  N.  and  N.E.  wheat  of 
excellent  quality  is  grown.  Rice  is  an  important  crop  in 
the  S.  Both  marsh  and  upland  rice  are  grown.  Wool, 
dairy  and  orchard  products,  oats,  honey,  wax,  pulse,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  produced  to  a  considerable  extent.  The 
total  debt,  bonded  and  floating,  was,  in  1890,  $12,413,196, 
and  the  amount  of  cash  on  hand  was  $420,576. 

Education,  &o. — A  well-devised  school  system  was  estab- 
lished by  the  constitution  of  1868,  but  the  unsettled  condi- 
tion of  public  aflFairs  for  some  time  impaired  its  eflSciency. 
A  growing  interest,  however,  promising  well  for  the  future 
of  the  state,  is  of  late  manifested  in  the  public  schools. 
Separate  school  districts,  maintained  by  local  taxation,  are 
now  organized  in  thirteen  of  the  cities  and  larger  towns, 
with  a  more  advanced  system  of  education  than  that  found 
in  the  county  schools.  The  annual  state  appropriation  was 
increased  in  1888  from  $250,000  to  $350,000.  There  are 
state  normal  schools  at  Florence,  Marion,  Jacksonville, 
Huntsville,  Troy,  Tuskegee,  and  Livingston,  and  in  1889  a 
new  normal  school  for  colored  students  was  opened  at 
Montgomery.  There  is  a  state  university  at  Tuscaloosa, 
and  an  agricultural  and  mechanical  college  at  Auburn. 
Among  the  other  institutions  are  the  Southern  University, 
Greensborough,  colleges  at  Marion,  Spring  Hill,  and  Talla- 
dega, and  a  medical  college  at  Mobile;  and  there  are  profes- 
sional schools  attached  to  the  universities  and  some  of  the 
colleges.  There  are  ten  colleges  for  women,  and  a  number 
of  private  schools  and  academies.  Other  institutions  are  the 
blind  asylum,  at  Mobile ;  the  state  institution  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb  and  the  bUnd,  at  Talladega;  the  hospital  for  the 
insane,  at  Tuscaloosa ;  and  the  state  penitentiary,  at  We- 
tumpka. 

Counties. — There  are  sixty-six  counties,  named  as  fol- 
lows :  Autauga,  Baldwin,  Barbour,  Bibb,  Blount,  BuUock, 
Butler,  Calhoun,  Chambers,  Cherokee,  Chilton,  Choctaw, 
Clarke,  Clay,  Cleburne,  Coffee,  Colbert,  Conecuh,  Coosa, 
Covington,  Crenshaw,  Cullman,  Dale,  DaUas,  De  Kalb,  El- 
more, Escambia,  Etowah,  Fayette,  Franklin,  Geneva,  Greene, 
Hale,  Henry,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Lamar,  Lauderdale,  Law- 
rence, Lee,  Limestone,  Lowndes,  Macon,  Madison,  Marengo, 
Marion,  Marshall,  Mobile,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan, 
Perry,  Pickens,  Pike,  Randolph,  Russell,  Shelby,  St.  Clair, 
Bumter,  Talladega,  Tallapoosa,  Tuscaloosa,  Walker,  Wash- 
ington, Wilcox,  and  Winston. 

Constitution,  d;c. — The  present  state  constitution,  framed 


in  1868,  has  been  several  times  amended.  The  governor  i« 
chosen  for  a  term  of  two  years.  The  general  assembly  con- 
sists of  a  house  of  representatives  of  100  members,  chosen 
for  two  years,  and  a  senate  of  33  members,  chosen  for  four 
years.  All  judges  are  elective.  Voters  must  have  resided 
in  the  state  six  months,  and  three  months  in  the  county 
where  they  vote.  There  is  a  registry  law,  and  a  stringent 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  is  required  of  all 
voters.  Alabama  sends  eight  representatives  to  the  Federal 
Congress. 

Cities  and  Towns. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Mobile,  the 
commercial  emporium  pf  the  state  (pop.  in  1890,  31,076) ; 
Montgomery,  the  state  capital  (pop.  21,883);  Birmingham 
(pop.  26,178) ;  Anniston  (pop.  9998),  and  Bessamer  (pop. 
4544),  in  the  coal  and  iron  district.  Other  important  places 
are  Huntsville  (pop.  7995),  Selma  (pop.  7622),  Florence 
(pop.  6012),  Eufaula  (pop.  4394),  Tuscaloosa  (pop.  4215), 
Opelika,  Phoenix,  New  Decatur,  Troy,  Gadsden,  Ac. 

History. — The  French  settled  near  Mobile  Bay  in  1702, 
and  founded  Mobile  in  1711.  By  treaty  their  lands  here 
soon  passed  to  Spain,  and  became  a  part  of  West  Florida ; 
and  this  coast-tract  never  became  definitely  United  States 
territory  until  1819,  when  Florida  was  purchased  by  the 
general  government.  But  by  far  the  greater  part  of  Ala- 
bama, together  with  what  is  now  called  Mississippi,  was  re- 
garded as  a  part  of  Georgia,  South  Carolina  claiming  a  strip 
12  miles  wide  along  the  southern  boundary  of  Tennessee 
In  1798  and  1812  the  Mississippi  territory  (including  Ala- 
bama) was  set  off  from  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  and 
what  is  now  the  state  of  Alabama  was  set  off  from  Missis- 
sippi in  1817  as  a  territory,  and  became  a  state  in  1819. 
Prominent  events  of  this  period  were  the  sanguinary  Creek 
war  (1813-14),  the  subsequent  military  occupation  of  Mo- 
bile, and  the  settlement  of  a  colony  of  French  political  exiles 
in  Marengo  co.  In  every  presidential  election  before  1861 
the  state  gave  democratic  majorities ;  but  the  whig  party 
was  strong  and  influential,  particularly  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  state.  Under  the  slaveholding  system  Alabama  grew 
rich  and  prosperous,  the  influence  of  scholars  in  her  public 
councils  was  tne  boast  of  the  state,  and  she  became  the  first 
state  in  the  amount  of  cotton  produced  yearly.  In  1861  an 
ordinance  of  secession  was  passed  by  a  state  convention. 
In  that  year  the  provisional  government  of  the  Confederate 
States  was  organized  at  Montgomery,  which  became  the 
temporary  capital  of  the  new  confederacy.  In  1862  the  N. 
portion  of  the  state  was  occupied  by  Federal  troops.  In 
1864  the  forts  at  the  outlet  of  Mobile  Bay  were  reduced  and 
the  Confederate  fleet  repulsed  by  Farragut ;  and  in  April, 
1865,  Selma,  Montgomery,  and  Mobile  were  taken  by  the 
national  forces.  In  the  same  year  a  provisional  governor 
was  appointed  by  President  Johnson.  In  1868  military  con- 
trol was  withdrawn,  a  new  constitution  having  been  adopted, 
and  the  state  was  re-admitted  to  representation  in  Congress. 

The  Population  in  1820  numbered  127,901;  in  1830, 
309,527;  in  1840,  690,756;  in  1850,  771,623;  in  1860, 
964,201 ;  in  1870,  996,992 ;  in  1880, 1,262,505.  There  were, 
in  1820, 41,879  slaves,  and  571  free  colored  people ;  in  1830, 
117,594  slaves,  and  1572  free  colored;  in  1840,  253,532 
slaves,  2039  free  colored ;  in  1850,  342,844  slaves,  2265  free 
colored ;  in  1860,  435,080  slaves,  2690  free  colored ;  in  1870, 
475,510,  in  1880,  600,103,  and  in  1890,  681,431,  colored  per- 
sons.  In  1880  there  were  9734  people  of  foreign  birth  ;  and 
of  all  the  population  622,629  were  males  and  639,876  fe- 
males.  Total  pop.  in  1890, 1,513,017  (29  to  the  square  mile). 

Alabama,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  336. 

Alabama,  or  Alabama  Centre,  a  post-village  in 
Alabama  township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.  of  Medina, 
and  about  .30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  contains  Oak  Orchard  Springs,  and  includes 
part  of  the  Tonawanda  Indian  reservation.     Pop.  1810. 

Alabama,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Trinity  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Huntsville.  It 
has  a  church. 

Alabama,  a  post-hamlet  in  Laketown  township,  Polk 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Osceola  Mills. 

Alabama  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Talla- 
dega. It  has  a  church,  and  a  blast-furnace  which  employs 
about  300  men. 

Alabas'ter,  a  post- village  in  Alabaster  township,  Iosco 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bay 
City.  Pop.  of  the  township,  235 ;  of  the  village,  about  350.  It 
has  a  quarry  of  gypsum,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  calcined 
plaster,  the  works  of  which  cost  $250,000. 

Alabaster  Island,  Bahamas.    See  Eleuthera. 

Alabat,  S,-14-bit',  one  of  the  smaller  Philippines,  on  th« 
E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  near  the  head  of  the  exten- 


ALA 


449 


ALA 


>lTe  inlet  at  the  S.  end  of  the  island,  which  terminates  at 
the  Gulf  of  Lamon.     Lat.  14°  N.;  Ion.  122°  13'  E. 

AJablee,  AJabli,  &-l&'blee,  or  Halabli,  h&-l&'blee, 
a  village  of  Turkey,  in  Anatolia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Ereglee. 

Alachna,  a-15ch'u-a,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  about  1282  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Santa  P6  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Su- 
wanee.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  molasses  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Florida 
Southern,  the  Florida  Central  <fc  Peninsular,  and  the  Savan- 
nah, Florida  &  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  Gainesville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  17,328;  in  1880,  16,462;  in  1890,  22,934. 

Alachaa^  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Gainesville,  and  near  Newnansville  Station. 

Alacrane  (al-a-kran')  Islands^  a  group  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Yucatan,  on  a  reef  16 
miles  in  length  N.  and  S.,  by  12  miles  in  breadth. 

Alacnl'sa  Creek^  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  branch  of 
Little  River. 

Ala-Dagh,  4'li-dig'  {i.e.,  "beautiful  mountain")?  a 
mountain-chain  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  between  lat.  39°  and  40° 
N.,  and  Ion.  39°  and  44°  E.  It  extends  W.  from  Mount 
Ararat,  separating  the  two  heads  of  the  Euphrates. 

Aladan  (M^-d3,n')  or  Aladine  (a-l^-deen')  Islands, 
a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  forming  part 
of  the  Mergui  Archipelago. 

Alad'din,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Aladdin,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Aladja-Hissar,  Turkey.    See  Alaja-Hissar. 

Alaejos,  &-l&-^'Hoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Valladolid,  near  the  Trabancos.     Pop.  3255. 

Arafi'a  (Sp.  pron.  i-13,-fee'i),  a  post-village  of  Hills- 
borough CO.,  Fla.,  23  miles  E.  of  Tampa,  and  1  mile  from  the 
Alafia  River.  The  surrounding  country  is  covered  by  pine 
forests,  and  has  a  fertile  soil.     The  orange  flourishes  here. 

Alaganik,   a-lag'a-nik,  a  village   of  Alaska,  at  the 

Erinoipal  mouth  of  the  Atna  or  Copper  River.  It  is  in- 
abited  by  Innuit,  or  Esquimaux. 

Alaghez,  &H&-ghdz',  or  Ali-Ghez,  3,^lee-ghdz',  a  vol- 
canic mountain  and  mountain-range,  in  the  Russian  gov- 
ernment of  Erivan.  It  lies  on  the  N.  side  of  the  great  plain 
of  the  Araxes.     The  highest  peak  rises  13,628  feet. 

Alagun,  i-lin'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Sesia,  13 
miles  W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1268. 

Alagoa,  i-li-go'i,  a  town  and  district  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  Azores.     Pop.  of  district,  7800. 

Alagoas,  i-li-go'&s,  a  maritime  state  of  Brazil,  de- 
riving its  name  from  various  intercommunicating  lakes  for 
which  it  is  noted.  It  lies  between  lat.  9°  and  10°  S.,  is 
bounded  N.  and  W.  by  the  state  of  Pernambuco,  S.  by 
Sergipe,  and  comprises  an  area  of  11,642  square  miles. 
Pop.  397,379.     Capital,  Macrtyo. 

Alagoas,  or  Yilla  do  Forte  das  Alagoas,  veel'l& 
do  foR'ti  dis  k-lk-go'ks,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  the  above  state, 
on  the  N.  of  Lake  Manguaba,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Sergipe. 
It  has  8  churches  and  2  convents.     Pop.  15,000. 

Alagon,  k-lk-gon',  a  river  of  Spain,  falls  into  the  Tagus 
about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Alcantara.  It  is  about  120  miles  in 
length,  and  noted  for  the  size  and  flavor  of  its  fish. 

Alagon,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 15  miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2661. 

AJahyar-jo-Tandar.    See  Alla-Yar-ka-Tanda. 

Alai'edon,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1293. 

Alais,  8,Mi'^(ano.  Ale'sia),  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Gard,  on  the  Garden,  at  the  foot  of  the  C6vennes, 
25  miles  by  railway  N.W.  of  Nimes.  Pop.  19,230.  It  is 
in  a  productive  coal-field,  and  has  a  college,  school  of  mines, 
foundries,  glass-works,  and  potteries. 

Alaja-Hissar,  Alad^a-Hissar,  &-l&'j3,-his^saR',  or 
Kruschovatz,  kroo'sho-vits*,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Servia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Morava,  95  miles  S.  of 
Semendria.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  circle  of  Kruschovatz. 
It  has  a  Greek  bishop,  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  3159. 

Alajan,  or  Aladjan,  &-l&-j3,n',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
near  the  Black  Sea,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Sinope. 

Alejnela,  4-li-Hwi'lS.,  a  city  of  Costa  Rica,  in  a  prov- 
ince of  its  own  name,  29  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Cartago, 
and  about  20  miles  from  Punta  Arenas.  Pop.  9000.  The 
province  has  a  population  of  55,000. 

Alakananda,  &-l&-k&-n&n'd&,  Alnknanda,  or 
Aluknunda,  iMook-nun'di,  a  small  river,  which,  issuing 
from  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  unites  with  the  Bhagirathi 
at  Devaprayaga,  and  forms  a  source  of  the  Ganges. 


Ala-Koi,  &^l&^koi'  {i.e.,  "beautiful  village"),  a  village 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Van. 

Alaktoo-Kool,  Alakton-Konl,  &-l&kt'-oo-kool',  or 
Ala-Kool,  i^li-kool',  called  also  Koorghi-Nor,  koor'- 
ghee-nor',  or  Alakt-Ugul-Nur,  9,-likt'-oo*gool'-noor',  a 
lake  of  Russian  Toorkistan.  Its  centre  is  near  lat.  46°  N., 
Ion.  81°  40'  E.     It  is  40  miles  long,  and  17  broad. 

Alamakee,  a  county  of  Iowa.    See  Allamakee. 

Al'amance,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  in 
tersected  by  Haw  River  and  partly  drained  by  Alamance 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian com,  wheat,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  productions. 
It  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  near  its  centre  by  the  Nortt 
Carolina  Division  of  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad 
Company's  lines.  Capital,  Graham.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,874; 
in  1880,  14,613;  in  1890,  18,271. 

Alameda,  i-14-mi'D4  (i.e.,  "a  row  of  poplar-trees"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Malaga,  on 
the  road  from  Seville  to  Granada.     Pop.  4369. 

Alameda,  &-l&-m4'd&,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  about  704  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  is  drained  by 
Alameda  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains, 
fertile  valleys,  and  plains;  quarries  of  granite  and  lime- 
stone have  been  opened  here.  Wheat,  barley,  horses,  sheep, 
and  fruits  are  the  staple  productions.  The  evergreen  oak 
and  the  redwood  {Sequoia  aempervirena)  are  indigenous  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  The  market  of  San  Francisco  is  partly 
supplied  by  the  orchards  and  gardens  of  Alameda.  Capital. 
Oakland.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,237;  in  1880,  62,976,  in  1890, 
93,864. 

Alameda,  a  city  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  peninsula 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  on  the 
Alameda  Branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the 
South  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  contains  10  churches,  a  convent,  a  high  school, 
3  newspaper  offices,  and  many  suburban  residences.  Its 
industries  embrace  ship-building  and  petroleum-  and  borax- 
refining.  Pop.  in  1870,  1557;  in  1880,  5708;  in  1890 
11,165. 

Alameda,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillo  co..  New  Mexico, 
on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  6  miles  above  Albuquerque.  It  has  a  Catholic 
chapel.     Pop.  648. 

Alameda  de  la  Sagra,  &-l&-m4'D&  di  1&  si.'gr&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  Old  Castile,  8  miles  from  lUescas.    Pop.  1312. 

Alameda  del  Valle,  i-li-mi'Di  dSl  vil'yi,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  10  miles  from  Buitrago. 

Al'amo,  a  post- village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Alamo,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ripley 
township,  about  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Alamo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alamo  township,  Kalamazoo 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1131. 

Alamo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crockett  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  75  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  was  formerly  called 
Cageville.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Al'amo  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  a 
railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Jefferson. 

Alamos,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Los  Alahos. 

Alamo'sa,  a  post-town  of  Conejos  co..  Col.,  139  milet 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Canon  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  large  flour-mill,  and  railroad  machine- 
shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  973. 

Aland,  &'land,  or  O'iand  (Sw.  Aland,  5'l&nd) 
Islands,  an  archipelago  of  80  inhabited  islands,  and  a 
vast  number  of  rocks  and  islets,  Russia  (Finland),  in  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  at  its  entrance.  Pop.  16,000,  mostly 
Swedes.  These  islands  were  taken  from  Sweden  in  1809. 
Near  this  Peter  the  Great  gained  his  first  naval  battle  over 
the  Swedes,  in  1714.  The  principal  island,  called  also  Aland, 
has  a  population  of  9000,  with  a  town  of  Aland — pop.  3000. 

Alan'dar,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  5  miles  S.E.  from  Copake  Iron  Works  Sta- 
tion of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  (Harlem  Division). 

Alanno,  4-lin'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.  of  Civita 
di  Penne.     Pop.  3513. 

Alan'thus  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co..  Mo., 
on  the  West  Fork  of  Grand  River,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Maryville.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  several  stores. 

Alapaevsk,  i-li-pi-fivsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Perm, 
on  the  Alapaika,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Irbit.     Pop.  6500. 


ALA 


450 


ALA 


Alapaha^  a  river  of  Georgia.    See  Allapaha. 

Alapoor,  or  Alapur,  1-li-poor',  a  town  of  the  Budaon 
district,  British  India.     Pop.  5347. 

Alaqua,  ara-<iua^^>  *  small  river  of  Florida,  flowing 
Into  Chootawhatohee  Bay. 

AJaqua,  a  small  Scotch  and  Irish  settlement  in  Walton 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  above  river,  about  125  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Tallahassee. 

Al- Araisch,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  El-Araish. 

Alaro,  i-li'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Majorca,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3576. 

Al-Arouan,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Arawan. 

Alasea,  i-li-si'i,  written  also  Alasey  and  Alasej, 
i-li-sd.',  an  important  river  in  the  N.E.  of  Siberia,  rises  in 
lat.  67°  N.,  and  falls  into  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

Ala-Shehr,  or  Ala-Schehr,  iUi-shfihV  or  i'li-shi'- 
h^r  (t.c,  the  "exalted  city;"  anc.  Philadelphi'a,  founded 
200  years  B.C.  by  Attains  Philadelphus),  a  walled  city  of 
Asia  Minor,  at  the  N.E.  base  of  Mount  Tmolus,  83  miles  by 
railway  E.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  15,000.  It  is  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop's see,  has  numerous  remains  of  antiquity,  6  Chris- 
tian churches,  15  mosques,  and  an  active  trade. 

Alashgerd;  a  town  of  Armenia.    See  Toprak-Kclah. 

Alas'ka  (called  Aliaska  by  the  Russians ;  a  corruption 
of  Al-ay-ek-aa,  "great  country,"  the  name  given  by  the 
native  islanders  to  the  mainland),  a  territory  of  the  United 
States,  bounded  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  E.  by  the  North-West 
Territories  of  Canada,  W.  and  S.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean  and 
Behring's  Sea  and  Strait,  including  also  the  Alexander,  the 
Kadiak,  the  Aleutian,  the  Pribylofif,  and  many  other  islands. 
Its  southernmost  point  is  the  S.  extremity  of  Am&tignak 
Island  (51°  19'  N.  lat.).  From  Dixon's  Entrance,  the  E. 
boundary  passes  along  Portland  Channel  to  lat.  56°  N.^ 
where  the  continent  is  reached.  From  this  point  it  follows 
the  Coast  Range  of  mountains  to  141°  W.  Ion.  The  141st 
meridian  is  the  E.  boundary  from  this  point  northward.  Its 
W.  limit  runs  so  as  to  include  St.  Lawrence  Island  and  the 
Isle  of  Attoo  (lat.  62°  58'  N.,  Ion.  187°  34'  W.).  Point 
Barrow,  lat.  71°  27'  N.,  Ion.  166°  15'  W.,  is  the  most  north- 
ern point  of  the  mainland.  The  N.  coast  is  low  and  with- 
out good  harbors ;  but  the  Pacific  coast-line  is  much  broken, 
and  excellent  anchorage  is  to  be  had  at  many  points.  Area, 
570,000  square  miles,  of  which  31,200  are  insular. 

Face  of  the  Country. — High  mountain-ranges  lie  S.  of  lat. 
65°,  of  which  the  Coast  Range  contains  the  loftiest  peaks 
(Mt.  St.  EUas,  17,000  feet;  Mt.  Fairweather,  14,782;  Mt. 
Crillon,  13,500;  Mt.  Iliamna,  12,066).  This  range  ter- 
minates with  the  great  peninsula  of  Aliaska ;  but  the  Aleu- 
tian Islands  may  be  regarded  as  the  peaks  of  its  submarine 
continuation.  Volcanoes  occur  both  in  the  Coast  Range 
and  upon  the  islands,  but  of  these  only  ten  are  known  to 
have  been  active  in  recent  years.  The  so-called  Alaskan 
Mountains  are  formed  by  the  blending  of  the  N.W.  exten- 
sion of  the  Rocky  Mountains  with  spurs  of  the  Coast  Range. 
Northward  occur  the  RominzofiF  Mountains ;  but  the  greater 
part  of  the  N.  is  a  broken  and  hilly  plateau.  The  N.  coast 
is  marked  by  a  low  range  of  hills. 

Geology,  Minerals. — It  is  believed  that  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains were  upheaved  in  the  Jurassic  time,  while  the  Coast 
Range  is  referred  to  a  relatively  late  period  of  the  Creta- 
ceous. Great  volcanic  convulsions  must  have  rent  the  west- 
ern coast  at  the  time  when  were  formed  the  inlets  and  fiords 
which  so  characterize  it.  Beds  of  cretaceous  and  miocene 
lignites  are  found,  the  latter  abounding  in  fossil  exogenous 
trees  of  existing  genera.  Remains  of  existing  species  of  mol- 
lusks,  and  even  of  mammals,  are  abundant.  In  the  Yukon 
Valley  there  are  plentiful  remains  of  species  of  elephant. 
In  the  deeper  valleys  glaciers  are  almost  everywhere  to  be 
seen.  Dikes  of  plutonic  rock  are  common  in  many  parts. 
Hot  and  mineral  springs  abound  on  the  islands  as  well  as 
the  mainland.  Most  of  the  Alaskan  coal  is  a  tertiary  lignite 
of  fair  quality.  Gold-quartz,  silver,  petroleum,  native  cop- 
per, copper  ores,  iron,  lead,  cinnabar,  kaolin,  fine  garnets,  and 
amber  are  known  to  exist.  Sulphur  is  believed  to  be  very 
abundant.    Fossil  ivory  of  some  value  has  been  obtained. 

Glimate,  Agricultural  Capabilities,  Vegetation. — The  cli- 
mate is  very  much  milder  than  that  of  corresponding  lati- 
tudes on  the  E.  coast  of  America.  That  of  the  Aleutian 
Islands  is  much  like  that  of  the  Western  Islands  of  Scotland. 
In  the  valley  of  the  great  river  Yukon  (the  principal  stream 
and  the  great  highway  of  the  interior)  there  are  large  fertile 
plains  and  extensive  marshes,  underlaid  by  a  layer  of  ice 
which  never  melts,  even  in  summer,  when  the  surface  is 
covered  by  a  luxuriant  vegetation.  The  summer  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  even  in  the  far  N.,  is  generally  warm,  sunny, 
and  pleasant,  owing  to  the  influence  of  the  warm  Kuro 
Siwc.  the  jlulf  Stream  of  the  Pacific,  aided  by  the  sunlight 


of  the  long  Arctic  day.  On  the  Upper  Yukon  the  summer 
heat  is  really  intense.  The  winter  in  the  S.  is  by  no  means 
very  cold.  At  Sitka,  sound  ice  is  never  formed,  and  the 
winter  temperature  is  about  that  of  Washington,  D.C.  The 
rain-fall  is  copious,  and  foggy  weather  is  common  on  the 
coasts  and  islands.  Hence  there  are  many  streams,  of  which 
the  Yukon,  Kuskoquim,  Tanan^h,  Stfkine,  and  Chilk&ht 
are  worthy  of  mention.  The  Yukon  is  navigable  in  sum- 
mer some  700  miles.  Timber  is  abundant  almost  every- 
where, but  many  of  the  islands  and  coast  regions  have  few 
trees,  and  obtain  their  timber  and  fuel  from  the  driftwood 
which  the  rivers  bring  down.  The  white  spruce  afi^ords 
strong,  light,  and  durable  spars.  But  the  best  timber  is  the 
noble  yellow  cedar,  which  is  of  unsurpassed  excellence. 
Balsam  fir  and  hemlock  abound.  The  birch  afiords  good 
timber.  Poplars,  willows,  and  alders  are  common.  Edible 
berries  are  abundant,  and  of  many  kinds.  Grass  grows 
luxuriantly  even  in  the  far  N.  At  Fort  Yukon,  N.  of  the 
Arctic  circle  (lat.  66°  34'),  barley,  potatoes,  and  turnips 
have  been  grown.  Cattle  have  been  introduced  upon  the 
islands  with  an  encouraging  prospect  of  success.  Cranber- 
ries have  been  exported  to  California.  Fish  are  abundant 
in  both  salt  and  fresh  waters.  The  cod  (not  the  true  cod 
of  the  Atlantic),  herrings,  and  a  smelt  called  oulachan, 
abound,  the  latter  afibrding  a  copious  supply  of  oil.  Many 
species  of  salmon  are  caught  in  the  streams.  Whitefish, 
much  resembling  those  of  the  great  lakes,  are  also  abun- 
dant. Whale-fishing  is  carried  on  extensively  in  Behring 
Sea  and  the  Arctic.  At  present  the  principal  revenue  of 
this  territory  is  derived  from  the  fur  trade.  Fur  seals  and 
sea-otters  are  taken,  subject  to  strict  regulations  prescribed 
by  the  United  States  government  to  prevent  the  extinction 
of  the  species.  The  skins  of  fox,  sable,  beaver,  lyax,  wol- 
verine, bear,  wolf,  muskrat,  deer,  and  other  animals  are 
also  procured.  The  oil  of  seals  and  walrus,  and  the  ivory 
of  the  latter  species,  are  articles  of  export. 

The  Native  Races  are  partly  of  Innuit  or  Esquimaux 
stock,  and  partly  of  the  red  Indian  race.  The  Aleutians 
appear  to  be  a  branch  of  the  Innuit,  and  there  are  tribes  of 
mixed  origin.  The  Indians  are  of  two  great  families,  each 
of  which  comprises  several  tribes  or  bands.  The  Thlinket 
race  is  the  one  most  peculiar  to  Alaska ;  for  the  great  Tin- 
neh  family  extends  southward  and  appears  to  include  the 
Apaches,  Comanches,  and  other  far-distant  tribes. 

History. — Vitus  Behring,  an  ofl5cer  in  the  Russian  ser- 
vice, in  1728,  sailed  into  the  Arctic  Sea ;  but  he  never  saw 
this  coast  till  1741,  just  before  his  death.  The  region  be- 
came a  field  for  Russian  maritime  adventure  and  trade,  and 
the  pioneers  were  guilty  of  many  enormities  among  tho 
peaceable  islanders.  In  1776,  Captain  Cook,  with  Van- 
couver, Ledyard,  Bligh,  and  other  distiqguished  subor- 
dinates, visited  these  shores.  The  first  Russian  bishop  was 
appointed  in  1796.  The  Russian-American  Company  was 
chartered  in  1799.  In  1804,  Sitka  (New  Archangel)  wn? 
founded  by  Baranoff,  who  had  long  ruled  in  these  regions. 

In  1864-67  portions  of  the  country  were  explored,  at  a 
cost  of  some  $3,000,000,  by  the  employees  of  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  with  the  design  of  running  a 
telegraph,  via  Behring's  Strait,  to  the  Old  World ;  but  the 
success  of  the  Atlantic  telegraph  caused  the  ultimate  failure 
of  this  project.'  In  1867  the  territory  called  Russian  Amer- 
ica was  purchased  from  Russia  for  $7,200,000  in  gold.  Its 
capital  is  Sitka,  on  Baranoff  Island.  The  United  States 
census  for  1890  gives  a  total  population  of  31,795,  classified 
as  follows :  whites,  4303 ;  mixed  (Russian  and  native), 
1819 ;  Indians,  23,274 ;  Mongolians,  2287 ;  all  others,  112. 
Alaska,  a  post- village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Alaska,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Caledonia 
township,  on  'Thomapple  River,  14  or  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  1  church,  2  flour-mills,  1  saw-mill, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Alaska,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  A  Shamokin  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Shamokin, 
and  22  miles  from  Mahanoy  City. 

Alaska,  a  post-village  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  110  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Milwaukee.  It 
is  a  shipping-point  for  timber,  posts,  Ac. 

Alassio,  a-lis'se-o,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  Genoa,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Albenga.     Pop.  4635. 

Alassona,  a-lls-so'ni,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Trikhala.     Pop.  3000. 

Alata,  i-li'ti,  a  small  river  in  Abyssinia,  a  tributary 
of  Bahr-el-Azrek,  neardts  confluence  with  which  occurs  tb« 
celebrated  cataract  of  Alata. 

Alata,  i-li.'t&,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Corsica,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  665. 


ALA 


451 


ALB 


Ala-Tagh,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.     See  Ala-Dagh. 

A.latali,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhaow angola. 

Alatamaha,  a  river  of  Georgia.     See  Altauaha. 

Alateer,  or  Alatyr,  4-14-teeR',  a  river  of  Russia,  rising 
m  the  government  of  Penza,  falls  into  the  Soora,  after  a 
course  of  upwards  of  125  miles. 

Alateer,  or  Alatyr,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  miles  N.W. 
of  Simbeersk,  at  the  junction  of  the  Alateer  and  Soora 
Rivers.     Pop.  8085. 

Alatri,  A-14'tree  (anc.  Ala'trium),  a  town  of  Italy,  a 
bishop's  see,  6  miles  N.  of  Frosinone.  Pop.  13,681.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  woollen  goods,  and  is  of  high  antiquity, 
its  walls  exhibiting  remains  of  cyclopean  architecture. 

Alattyan,  6r6t'y5n',  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of 
Heves.     Pop.  2209. 

Alatyr,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.    See  Alateer. 

Alausi,  &-lSw-see',  a  valley  and  town  of  Ecuador,  on 
the  Alausi,  7980  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  of  town,  6000. 

Alava,  i'li-vi,  a  province  of  Northern  Spain  (one  of 
the  three  Basque  provinces),  between  lat.  42°  20'  and  43° 
N.,  comprising  an  area  of  1292  square  miles.  Capital, 
Vittoria.     Pop.  103,320.     The  surface  is  mountainous. 

Alaya,  i-li'yi  (anc.  Gorace'sium),  a  decayed  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  a  promontory  in  the  Mediterranean, 
100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Konieh.  Pop.  2000.  It  has  a  good 
anchorage,  but  no  harbor. 

Alayor,  3,-l&-yoB',  or  Aleyor,  i-li-y5B',  a  town  in  the 
island  of  Minorca,  belonging  to  Spain,  about  10  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Port  Mahon.     Pop.  4603. 

Alazon,  4-13,-zon',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Koor 
125  miles  S.E.  of  Tiflis,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  140  miles. 

Alb  or  Alp,  &lp,  called  also  the  Swa'bian  Alps,  a 
chain  of  mountains  appertaining  almost  exclusively  to 
Wiirtemberg,  extending  S.W.  to  N.E.  84  miles. 

Alba,  8,l'b4  (anc.  Al'ba  Pompe'ia),  a  town  of  Italy,  on 
the  Tanaro,  35  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  10,296. 

Alba,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  at  the  foot 
of  Monte- Velino,  4  miles  N.  of  Avezzano.  It  is  the  Al'ba 
Fucen'tia  of  the  Romans. 

Al'ba,  a  post-village  of  Antrim  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Walton.  It  baa 
extensive  manufactures  of  wooden  implements.     Pop.  600. 

Alba,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  in  Mineral 
township,  5  miles  from  Oronogo,  and  about  65  miles  W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Alba,  a  post- village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  30  miles  S. 
of  Pendleton. 

Alba,  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Wil- 
liamsport.  It  has  2  churches,  1  carriage-shop,  and  the  Alba 
Iron  Paint  Works.     Pop.  222. 

Alba  Angusta,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Aps. 

Alba  Augusta,  an  ancient  name  for  Albt. 

Albacete,  4l-b3,-thi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  138 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  11,860.  It  manufac- 
tures steel  goods,  and  has  large  cattle-fairs  in  September. 

Albacete,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Murcia  and  New 
Castile.  Area,  5972  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  mountain- 
ous, with  fertile  valleys  and  plains.  Capital,  Albacete. 
Pop.  220,973. 

Albacntya  Lake,  a  fresh-water  lake  of  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, county  of  Weeah,  10  miles  N.  of  Lake  Hindmarsh. 

Albade,  all'bad,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  20 
miles  from  Austin. 

Alba  de  Tormes,  kVhk  d4  toR'mSs,  a  town  of  Spain, 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Salamanca,  on  the  Tormes.     Pop.  2360. 

Albairate,  41-bi-rA't4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Abbiategrasso.     Pop.  2163. 

Albala,  4rb4-Ii,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2133. 

Albalate  del  Arzobispo,  &I-b4-13,'t4  ddl  aR-tho- 
bees'po,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Sara- 
gossa,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro.     Pop.  4354. 

Alba  Lelusiana,  the  Latin  for  Wissehbourg. 

Al'ban,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  oo.,  Wis.,  in  New 
Hope  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Amherst  Station.  It  has  a 
ohurch  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Albanchez,  il-bin-chfith',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, province  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1980. 

Albanchez,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  16  miles  E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1195. 

Alban  des  Hnrti^res,  irb6N»'  dize  uRHe-aiR',  a 
village  of  France,  6  miles  S.  of  Aiguebelle.     Pop.  1209. 

Albanella,  il-bi-nfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Salerno,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Capacoio.     Pop.  2414. 

Albania,  al-bi'ne-a  (modern  Gr.  pron.  il-bfi,-nee'i ; 
Turk.  Arnaoodlik,  Arnaootleek,  or  Arnaoutlik,  aR'ni-oot*- 


leek),  called  Shkiperi  (shkip'f-ree^)  by  the  natives  (from 
ahkipe,  "a,  rock"),  a  mountainous  country  of  European 
Turkey,  between  lat.  39°  and  43°  N.,  and  Ion.  19°  5'  and 
21°  28'  E.  Extreme  length,  about  290  miles ;  breadth,  from 
40  to  90  miles.  Bounded  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Adriatic  and 
Ionian  Seas.  It  is  composed  of  ridges  of  mountains,  nearly 
all  of  which  have  a  direction  N.W.  and  S.E.  The  principal 
heights  vary  from  about  2500  to  8500  feet  above  the  sea. 
Albania  has  no  great  rivers.  It  partakes  of  the  peculiar 
system  of  subterranean  streams  that  characterizes  Greece. 
Epirus  is  especially  remarkable  for  its  circular  basins,  it9 
cavities  without  water,  its  ponds  and  watercourses  that 
disappear  at  certain  seasons.  In  the  import  and  export 
trade  of  Albania,  vessels  under  the  British,  Austrian,  Greek, 
and  Ottoman  flags  are  almost  the  only  ones  engaged.  The 
exports  are  shipped  chiefly  at  Prevesa,  Parga,  Avlona,  Du- 
razzo,  Ac.  The  internal  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of 
pack-horses.  Albania  is  under  the  government  of  difi'erent 
Turkish  pashas.  The  people  are  partly  Moslems  and  partly 
Christians.  The  Albanians  speak  a  language  of  their  own, 
which  is  not  clearly  allied  to  any  other  known  tongue,  but 
is  regarded  as  of  the  Indo-European  stock.  They  are  a 
warlike  race,  much  given  to  robbery  and  brigandage.     Pop« 

ulation  estimated  at  from  1,200,000  to  1,600,000. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Albanian,  al-b4'ne-an,  or  Arnaoot  (Arnaodt), 
iR'ni-oot^ ;  native,  Shkip^atar'  or  Skip^atar'. 

Albania,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Albegna. 

Albania,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Aubagne. 

Albano,  5,l-b4'no  (anc.  Alba'num),  an  episcopal  city  of 
Italy,  on  the  Via  Appia,  12  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  Rome. 
Pop.  6297.  It  is  celebrated  for  beauty  of  scenery  and  purity 
of  air,  and  is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of  the  Roman  nobil- 
ity. It  comprises  the  ruins  of  Domitian's  palace  and  of  a 
ErsBtorian  camp,  with  the  modern  villas  of  the  princes  Bar- 
erini,  Altieri,  &o.  It  has  a  large  convent,  and  a  museum 
of  antiquities  from  Alba  Longa. 

Albano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  province  and 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2769. 

Albano,  a  lake  and  mountain  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Rome.  The  lake,  6  miles  in  circumference,  is  the  crater 
of  an  extinct  volcano,  near  which  are  many  elegant  villas, 
several  grottoes,  and  the  village  of  Castel-Gandolfo  (q.  v.). 
There  are  many  historical  monuments  in  its  vicinity ;  among 
others,  an  aqueduct  cut  in  the  flank  of  the  mountain  by  the 
Romans  during  their  contest  with  the  Veientes  in  the  year 
394  B.C.,  to  drain  ofi"  the  waters  of  the  lake,  as  instructed  by 
the  oracle  of  Delphi. — Alba  Lonya  stood  on  its  N.E.  margin. 
— Mount  Albano  or  Monte  Cavo,  on  the  E.,  and  2046  feet 
above  the  lake,  has  on  its  summit  the  ruins  of  the  temple 
of  Latian  Jupiter  {Jupiter  Latialis),  commanding  a  mag- 
nificent prospect  over  the  scene  of  the  last  six  books  of  the 
^neid  and  of  the  early  history  of  the  Roman  state. 

Albanum,  an  ancient  name  of  the  city  of  Albano. 

Albany,  41'ba-ne,  a  district  of  Scotland,  usually  called 
Breadalbane.  The  second  son  of  the  sovereign  of  Great 
Britain  has  occasionally  been  styled  the  Duke  of  Albany. 
The  title  Duke  of  Albany  waa  conferred  upon  the  late 
Prince  Leopold  by  the  Queen  of  England  in  1881. 

Al'bany,  a  river  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Canada, 
takes  its  rise  in  Lake  St.  Joseph,  lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  90°  20' 
W.,  and  falls  into  James's  Bay.  Total  length,  320  miles. 
About  120  miles  from  its  estuary  it  spreads  into  numerous 
branches  extending  far  to  the  westward  and  southward  and 
forming  a  chain  of  communication  with  the  waters  of  Lake 
Superior,  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  Severn  River. 

Albany,  all'ba-ne,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Catskill,  Nor- 
manskill,  and  Patroon  Creeks.  The  Mohawk  River  touches 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is 
diversified  by  a  range  of  highlands  called  the  Helderbergs, 
which  rise  nearly  1000  feet  above  the  tide.  Forests  of  the 
beech,  chestnut,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  8ugsu--maple,  etc., 
abound.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  Indian  com,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  Upper  Silurian  limestone  of  the 
Helderberg  group  crops  out  in  this  county,  which  has  also 
quarries  of  water-lime  and  Onondaga  limestone.  The  east- 
ern terminus  of  the  Erie  Canal  is  in  this  county,  which  is 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  the 
Delaware  k  Hudson  Canal  Company's  Railroad.  The  West 
Shore  Railroad  also  traverses  this  county,  and  other  rail- 
roads connect  with  these  at  Albany,  which  is  the  county 
town  and  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  133,052; 
in  1880,  154,890;  in  1890,  164,665. 

Albany,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  of  Wyoming,  bordering  on 
Colorado.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte 
River  and  by  the  Laramie  River.     The  surface  is  finely 


ALB 


452 


ALB 


diversified  by  high  mountains  and  fertile  plains  and  val- 
leys. The  most  prominent  feature  of  this  county  is  Lar- 
amie Peak,  which  rises  about  10,000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Here  is  a  vast  beautiful  open  plain  or  table- 
land, called  Laramie  Plain,  which  produces  good  pasture. 
Many  cattle  and  sheep  are  reared  here.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  granite  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  4500  square  miles. 
Capital,  Laramie.     Pop.  in  1880,  4626 ;  in  1890,  8865. 

Albany,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Ark.,  7  miles  S.  of 
Mabelvale.     It  has  2  churches. 

Albany,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dougherty  co.,  Ga., 
on  Flint  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Kinohafoona  Creek,  107 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  is  on  the  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  west  terminus  of  the  Brunswick  &,  Albany 
Railroad,  and  the  north  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Al- 
lantio  <k  Gulf  Railroad.  Cotton  is  shipped  in  steamboats 
at  this  place,  which  is  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  with  daily  and  weekly  issues,  3  banks,  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  3216 ;  in  1890,  4008. 

Albany,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  6  or  6  miles  below  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  on 
the  Western  Union  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Rock  Island. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  611 ;  of  Albany  township,  792. 

Albany,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  in  Dela- 
ware township,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Muncie,  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  671. 

Albany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  about  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Albany,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  about 
125  miles  S.  of  Frankfort,  and  4  miles  from  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Tennessee.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  steam  flour-mill,  etc.     Pop.  163. 

Albany,  a  landing-place  in  Caddo  parish,  La.,  on  a 
navigable  lake,  10  miles  from  Shreveport. 

Albany,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  about  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  spool- 
factory.     Pop.  651. 

Albany,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn., 
in  Albany  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Melrose.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Albany 
township,  314. 

Albany,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Athens  township,  on  Grand  River,  or  its  west  fork,  about 
50  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  1  bank,  a  high 
«chool,  3  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  607. 

Albany,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  74  miles  N.E. 
of  Concord ;  has  a  church.     Post-office,  Chocorua.     Pop.  339. 

Albany,  a  city,  capital  (since  1797)  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  and  of  Albany  co.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Hudson  River, 
lat.  42°  39'  3"  N.,  Ion.  73°  32'  W.,  142  miles  N.  of  New 
York,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  New  York  Central  &  Hud- 
son River,  the  Boston  &  Albany,  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga, 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna,  and  the  West  Shore  Railroads. 
This  position,  together  with  the  fact  that  the  river  (crossed 
by  three  double-track  iron  railroad  drawbridges)  connects 
here  with  the  great  lakes  by  the  Erie  Canal,  and  with 
Lake  Champlain  by  the  Champlain  Canal,  gives  Albany 
great  advantages  as  a  receiving  and  distributing  point, 
especially  for  grain  and  lumber,  and  makes  it  an  important 
centre  of  the  western  trade.  A  project  is  also  under  con- 
sideration for  so  deepening  the  channel  of  the  river  as 
to  make  it  navigable  for  ocean  steamers  directly  to  the 
Albany  harbor.  The  city  is  well  built,  with  some  very 
fine  streets  and  140  acres  of  beautifully  finished  parks  and 
boulevards  (costing  over  $1,540,000),  besides  264  acres  in 
process  of  development.  Leading  industries  on  a  large 
scale,  besides  printing  and  book-making,  are  the  manufac- 
ture of  stoves  and  other  metal  goods,  clothing  of  every 
description,  boots  and  shoes,  beer  and  ale,  pianos,  card- 
board, glazed  and  colored  papers,  papermakers'  felt,  and 
some  others.  Prominent  buildings  are  the  state  capitol, 
on  which  nearly  $20,000,000  had  been  spent  down  to  1892, 
without  finishing  it;  the  state  hall,  a  fine  structure  of 
white  marble ;  the  state  normal  college,  the  state  armory, 
the  state  geological  and  agricultural  hall  (with  libraries 
and  museums),  the  city  buildings,  the  U.S.  building  for 
post-office  and  courts,  the  county  penitentiary,  almshouse 
and  lunatic  asylum,  and  Harmanus  Bleecker  Hall  (property 
of  the  Young  Men's  Association),  accommodating  comfort- 
ably an  audience  of  3580,  and  capable  of  holding  6000. 
Among  other  institutions  may  be  named  the  Dudley  Ob- 
servatory and  the  medical,  pharmaceutical  and  law  schools, 
affiliated,   since   1871,  with  Union   College,  Schenectady, 


under  the  title  of  Union  University ;  the  High  School,  tHe 
Academy,  the  Female  Academy,  the  Albany  Institute, 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and  St.  Agnes 
School.  There  are  also  25  public  schools  of  lower  grade, 
at  which  the  attendance  in  1891  was  14,412,  the  average 
daily  attendance  for  the  school  year  being  10,328.  A 
public  reading  library  of  over  160,000  volumes  is  main- 
tained by  the  state.  Among  charities  are  a  number  of 
hospitals  and  orphan  asylums,  homes  for  old  men,  old 
women  and  incurables,  and  a  House  of  Shelter  for  fallen 
women,  desirous  of  reforming.  Albany  is  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  and  of  a  Protestant. Episcopal  bishop,  and 
has  about  80  churches,  the  two  cathedrals  being  the  largest 
and  handsomest;  but  several  others  are  elegant  structures. 
There  are  17  banks  and  savings  institutions,  besides  private 
banking  establishments,  and  a  number  of  excellent  clubs. 
About  30  periodicals  are  published.  Electric  railways  run 
to  every  part  of  the  town  and  to  Troy,  West  Troy,  West 
Alb3,ny,  Kenwood,  Greenbush,  and  other  suburbs.  An  ex- 
cellent drainage  system  is  in  operation ;  and  water  is  sup- 
plied partly  by  pumping  from  the  river  and  partly  by 
natural  streams  impounded  in  reservoirs  at  the  west.  The 
place  was  formerly  known  as  Fort  Orange,  Beverwyck,  and 
Williamstadt.  It  was  settled  in  1640  by  Frenchmen,  who 
began  building  a  castle,  which  was  completed  by  Dutchmen 
in  1615  and  called  Fort  Nassau.  Walloons  from  Holland 
settled  here  in  1624  and  erected  Fort  Orange.  The  place 
was  surrendered  to  the  English,  Sept.  24,  1664,  and  named 
Albany,  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany,  after- 
wards James  II.  It  was  chartered  a  city  in  1686.  Pop. 
in  1800,  5289 ;  in  1820,  12,630 ;  in  1840,  33,721 ;  in  1850, 
60,703;  in  1860,  62,367;  in  1870,  69,422;  in  1880,  90,758; 
in  1890,  94,923.  The  municipal  lines  within  which  these 
figures  are  taken  are  far  from  including  the  whole  town, 
populous  and  closely-allied  suburbs  being  excluded. 

Albany  (post-office,  Lee),  an  incorporated  village  of 
Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Leo  township,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Chil- 
licothe,  and  13  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Athens.  It  con- 
tains 3  churahes,  masonic  and  Odd  Fellows'  lodges,  a  public 
library,  and  several  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Albany,  a  post- village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  about  37  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It 
contains  2  churches,  the  Hartwood  Normal  Institute,  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Albany,  a  city  and  important  railroad  centre,  the  capi- 
tal of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Willamette  River,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Salem,  and  81  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Portland. 
Small  steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  It  is  in 
an  extensive  valley,  noted  for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  Two 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Albany 
contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  the  Albany  Collegiate 
Institute,  3  banks,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors, 
cement,  furniture,  flour,  <kc.  Pop.  in  1880,  1867;  in  1890, 
3079. 

Albany,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  is  contiguous 
to  the  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain,  and  is  traversed  by 
the  Berks  A  Lehigh  Railroad.  Albany  Station  is  23  miles 
N.  of  Reading.  Albany  contains  villages  named  Kempton 
and  Fetherolffsville  or  'Trexler.  It  has  4  tanneries,  7  grist- 
mills, and  4  distilleries.     Pop.  1510. 

Albany,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1397. 

Albany,  a  post- hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Paris. 

Albany,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Shackelford  co.,  Tex., 
about  135  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  232  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Bremond.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  800. 

Albany,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  about  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Irasburg.  It  has  an  academy,  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.     Pop.  1151. 

Albany,  a  post-village  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  on  Sugar 
River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brodhead,  and  about  28  miles 
S.  of  Madison.  It  has  several  mills,  4  churches,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  698. 

Albany,  a  township  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.  Post-office,  East 
Pepin.     Pop.  375. 

Albany,  a  town  and  seaport  of  West  Australia,  on  King 
George  Sound.     Lat.  35°  3'  S.;  Ion.  117°  52'  40"  E. 

Albany  and  Boston,  a  station  in  Houghton  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Mineral  Range  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Hancock. 

Albany  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  10 
miles  from  Barton. 

Albany  Island,  off  Cape  York,  Queensland,  Australia, 
is  in  lat.  10°  40'  S.,  Ion.  142°  35'  E.  It  is  3  miles  long,  and  1 
mile  in  breadth,  and  is  fertile  and  well  wooded.  The  island 
shelters  the  excellent  port  of  Somerset  or  Port  Albany. 


i 


ALB 


453 


ALB 


Albany  Lake,  in  Long  Lake  township,  Hamilton 
oo.,  N.Y.,  in  the  Great  Adirondack  Wildemesa,  discharges 
its  waters  through  Bearer  and  Blaok  Rivers  into  Lake 
Ontario. 

Albany  Land'ing^  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Ky.,  on  Cumberland  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It 
has  a  church. 

Alba  Pompeia,  the  ancient  name  of  Alba. 

Albaredo,  dl-bi-ri'do,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Verona,  near  the  Adige.     Pop.  4243. 

Albareto  di  Borgotaro,  il-bi-ri'to  dee  boR-go-tl'- 
Bo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Parma.     Pop.  3733. 

Al  Baretun,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Baretoon. 

Albarracin,  il-ban-Ri-theen',  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Guadalaviar,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  2500. 

Al-Bassan,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  El-Bassan. 

Albate,  il-bi'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Como.     Pop.  1383. 

Al'baton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  in  Fair- 
view  township,  on  or  near  the  Missouri  River,  7  miles  from 
Sloan  Railroad  Station. 

Al'batross  Island^  a  small  island  of  Bass's  Strait, 
Australia ;  lat.  40°  22'  S.,  Ion.  144°  39'  E. 

Albaugh,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.     See  Albtjbg. 

Albay^  41-bi',  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands,  capi- 
tal of  a  province,  and  residence  of  a  governor.  The  prov- 
ince is  fertile,  but  subject  to  frequent  volcanic  eruptions. 
Pop.  19,546 ;  of  theprovince,  340,000. 

Albay  Bay  or  Gulf,  on  the  coast  of  the  island  of  Lu- 
zon, one  of  the  Philippines.  It  is  large  and  secure,  and 
almost  landlocked. 

Albayda,  il-bi'Dd,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  San  Felipe.     Pop.  3200. 

Albee,  il'bee,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
from  Chesaning ;  has  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  197. 

Albegna,  ll-bSn'ya,  or  Albania,  &l-bain'yi  (anc.  Al- 
hinia),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Monte  Labro,  flows  S.W., 
and  enters  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  N.  of  Orbitello. 

Albemarle,  a  town  of  France.     See  Atjmale. 

Al^bemarle',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  675  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  James  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Rivanna 
and  Hardware  Rivers.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the 
N.W.  border  of  this  county,  which  has  a  finely  diversified 
surface  and  abounds  with  picturesque  scenery.  The  soil 
is  generally  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  and  tobacco  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Virginia  Midland  <fc 
Great  Southern  Railroad.  Thomas  Jefferson  was  bom  in 
this  county.  Capital,  Charlottesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,544; 
in  1880,  32,618;  in  1890,  32,379. 

Albemarle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Assumption  parish.  La., 
5  miles  S.  of  Napoleonville.  It  is  on  the  Bayou  Lafourche, 
80  miles  above  New  Orleans,  and  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Thibodeaux.     Much  sugar  is  produced  here. 

Albemarle,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C., 
about  38  miles  E.  of  Charlotte,  and  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Albemarle  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Gkilapagos  Is- 
lands, in  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  lat.  0°  66'  S.,  Ion.  91°  38'  W. 
Summit,  4700  feet  in  elevation. 

Albemarle  Sound,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, extends  from  the  mouths  of  the  Chowan  and  Roanoke 
Rivers  nearly  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  a  long  narrow  island.  It  is  about  55  miles  long 
from  E.  to  W.,  and  varies  in  width  from  4  to  15  miles.  The 
water  is  nearly  fresh,  is  rather  shallow,  and  is  not  affected  by 
the  tide.  Vessels  can  pass  from  this  sound  into  Pamlico 
Sound,  and  thence  into  the  ocean.  It  also  communicates 
with  Currituck  Sound  by  an  inlet. 

Alben,  towns  of  Austria.     See  Planina  and  Albona. 

Albendorf,  il'b^n-doBfS  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
8  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Glatz.  Near  it  is  the  sanctuary  of  New 
Jerusalem,  said  to  be  visited  annually  by  80,000  pilgrims. 

Albenga,  fl,l-b5n'gi  (ano.  Al'bium  Ingau'num),  a  sea- 
port city  of  Italy,  on  a  railway,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  4247.     It  has  Roman  antiquities  and  feudal  edifices. 

Albens,  S,rbftN>»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix. 

Albera  Ligure,  il-bi'r4  le-goo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1049. 

Alberbury,  fi,l'b9r-b9r-e,  a  parish  of  England  and 
Wales,  counties  of  Salop  and  Montgomery.  Old  Parr  was 
bom  in  this  parish  in  1483. 

Alberca,  ai-bSn'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.  of  Mur- 
oja.     Pop.  1640.     The  name  Alberca  is  also  given  to  a 


river  in  Alicante,  a  mountain  in  Avila,  a  town  in  New 
Castile  (pop.  1270),  and  a  village  in  Leon  (pop.  1701). 

Alberche,  &l-bdR'ch&,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  Old 
Castile,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  falls  into  the  Tagus. 

Alb^res  (8,1-baiR')  Mountains,  the  name  of  the  E 
portion  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Alberique,  &l-bi-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 

11  miles  N,  of  San  Felipe.     Pop.  3000. 

Alber'ni,  a  large  lumber  and  saw-mill  establishment  on 
Barclay  Sound,  W,  coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  British  Co- 
lumbia. The  Alberni  Canal  is  a  long  and  narrow  fiord  or 
channel  extending  inward  from  the  above-named  sound. 

Alberobello,  S,rbi-ro-bfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Foggia.     Pop.  4408. 

Alberona,  il-bi-ro'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  a  valley, 
22  miles  W.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  3550. 

Albetschweiler,  irb§r-sh^i'l§r,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
in  the  Palatinate,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Annweiler.     Pop.  2067. 

Alberschwende,  a,rb§r-sh*en'd§h,  a  village  of  Aus- 
tria, in  the  Tyrol,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bregenz.     Pop.  1847. 

Albersdorf,  il'b§rs-doRf  *,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Rendsburg. 

Albert,  irbaiB'  (formerly  called  Ancre),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Somme,  on  the  Railway  du  Nord,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Amiens,  with  woollen-  and  cotton-factories, 
foundries,  saltpetre-works,  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  4019. 

Al'bert,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of 
Fundy.  This  county  contains  valuable  albertite-mines  and 
gypsum-quarries.     Capital,  Hopewell  Cape.     Pop.  10,672. 

Alber'ta,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  263. 

Alberta,  a  post-ofiice  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  is  at  Dansville. 
a  hamlet  21  miles  from  Hamden. 

Alberta,  Canada,  is  one  of  the  four  provisional  dis- 
tricts formed  from  a  portion  of  the  North-West  Territories 
in  1882.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  lat.  55°,  E.  by  Assiniboia 
and  Saskatchewan,  S.  by  lat.  49°,  W.  by  British  Columbia. 
Area,  105,355  square  miles.  Pop.  (1891)  26,123.  Chief 
town,  Calgary. 

Al'bert  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mira  River,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sidney. 

Albert  liea  (lee),  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital 
of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  is  finely  situated  on  Albert  Lea  and 
Fountain  Lakes,  108  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.    The  city  has 

12  churches,  3  banks,  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  graded  school, 
and  2  colleges,  one  of  which,  the  Albert  Lea  College,  was 
founded  by  the  Synod  of  Minnesota  for  the  higher  Christian 
education  of  women.  It  has  also  5  grain  elevators,  3  first- 
class  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  a  brick-yard,  3  fiouring-mills, 
electric-light  plant,  water-works,  &c.     Pop.  (1890)  3305. 

Albert  ]mnes,  a  mining  village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Moncton.  It  contains 
rich  and  extensive  coal-  or  "  albertite"-mines.  A  tram- 
way, 5 J  miles  long,  connects  the  mines  with  Hillsborough, 
a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  200. 

Al'bert  Nyan'za  (native  name,  as  written  by  Baker, 
M'wootan  N'zig6),  a  great  lake  of  Eastern  Central 
Africa,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  White  Nile,  was  first  visited 
by  Baker  in  1864.  It  is  about  150  miles  long,  with  a  breadth 
of  about  50  miles.  It  is  in  a  rocky  region,  and  is  very  deep, 
except  in  the  S.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Victoria 
Nyanza  (which  lies  80  miles  southeastward)  through  the 
Kari  or  Somerset  River.     Elevation,  2720  feet. 

Al'berton,  or  E'lysville,  a  post- village  of  Howard  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Patapsoo  River  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, at  Elysville  Station,  20  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  haa 
a  cotton-factory.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  AlbertoD 
Pop.  300. 

Al'berton,  a  seaport  town  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Prince  co.,  on  the  Cascumpeque  River,  and  on  the  Prince 
Edward  Island  Railway,  93  miles  N.N.W,  of  Charlottetown. 
It  contains  Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  and  Methodist  churches, 
a  Catholic  chapel,  and  several  stores  and  mills.  The  port, 
called  Cascumpeque  or  Holland  Harbor,  is  the  best  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  island.     Pop.  600. 

Alberton,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  12  miles  from  Hamilton.     Pop.  100. 

Albertopoli.     See  Albert- Ville. 

Albert  River,  two  rivers  of  Australia :  one,  in  Queens- 
land, falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria ;  the  other,  in  Vic- 
toria, flows  into  the  Pacific  near  Port  Albert. 

Al'bertson,  a  post-office  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  in  Albert- 
son  township,  18  miles  from  Mount  Olive  Station.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  667. 

Albert-Ville,  irbaiRVeel'  (It.  Albertopoli,  il-b«r-top'- 
o-le),  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  river  Arly,  12  mile* 
N.E.  of  Chamb6ry.  It  has  a  normal  school,  and  comprise* 
the  former  towns  of  Conflans  and  L'HSpital.     Pop.  4398. 


ALB 


454 


ALB 


Al'bertville,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Guntersrille.   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  250. 

Albese,  ll-bi'si,  or  Albesio,  il-bi'se-o,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  1492. 

Albettone,  ai-bSt-to'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Venetia, 
15  miles  S.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  1752. 

Albi,  41'bee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1997. 

Albi,  a  city  of  France.     See  Albt. 

Al'bia,  a  station  in  the  Indian  Territory,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Vinita. 

Albia,  al'be-a.,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
[owa,  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
and  is  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  25 
miles  W.  of  Ottumwa,  and  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Albia,  Knoxville  &  Des  Moines  Railroad. 
It  has  a  court-house,  1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper oflSces,  a  graded  school,  and  6  churches.  P.  (1890)  2359. 

Albia,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 

Albia,  a  village  of  New  York,  a  suburb  of  Troy. 

Albiano,  il-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Massa  e  Carrara,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pontremoli.     P.  1260. 

Albiano  d'lvrea,  fi.l-be-4'no  dee-vri'i,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin.     Pop.  2060. 

Albidona,  il-be-do'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Cosenza, 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Castrovillari,  near  the  Gulf  of  Taranto. 

Albiga,  Albigeois,  or  Albigenses.    See  Albt. 

Albignasego,  il-been-yi-si'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  4 
miles  S.  of  Padua.     Pop.  3170. 

AlbigOTira,  3,l-be-go'v4,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Gkdicia, 
circle  of  Rzeszow.     Pop.  1269. 

Albin,  a  town  of  France.    See  Aubin. 

Al'bin,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  344. 

Albina,  &l-be'na,  a  city  of  Multnomah  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Willamette  River,  nearly  opposite  Portland.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  locomotives,  rail- 
way coaches  and  cars,  sash  and  doors,  <fcc.,  a  good  public 
school  system,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Methodist  University  of  Oregon.     Pop.  in  1890,  5129. 

Albinea,  il-be-ni'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
in  Emilia,  near  Scandiano.     Pop.  3301. 

Albinen,  a,l-bee'n§n,  or  Arbignon,  ar*been^y6ii»',  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  situated  on  an 
abrupt  mountain  over  4000  feet  high,  and  accessible  only 
by  a  series  of  nearly  perpendicular  ladders,  which  the  in- 
habitants ascend  and  descend  at  all  hours.     Pop.  340. 

Albinia,  the  ancient  name  of  Albegna. 

Albinn,  the  ancient  name  of  Albyn,  meaning  Scotland. 

Albino,  il-bee'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  2974. 

Albion,  3,l'be-9n,  the  ancient  name  of  Great  Britain, 
said  incorrectly  to  have  been  given  to  it  on  account  of  the 
lofty  white  cliflFs  on  the  S.  shores  of  the  island. 

Albion,  il'be-^n  or  S.l'be-9n,  a  post-village  of  Mendo- 
cino CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  Albion 
River,  about  135  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  the  lumber  busi- 
ness.   Albion  River  affords  an  unsafe  anchorage.    Pop.  115. 

Albion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cassia  co.,  Idaho, 
about  150  miles  S.E.  of  Bois6  City,  and  about  25  miles  S. 
of  the  Union  Paoifio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  acade- 
mies, a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Albion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Edwards  co..  111.,  56 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  creamery,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Albion,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  is 
situated  near  Elkhart  River,  on  a  railroad,  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  128  miles  from  Chicago.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  and 
agricultural  machinery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1229. 

Albion,  a  post-village  in  Iowa  township,  Marshall  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Iowa,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marsballtown.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  and  graded  schools.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Albion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harper  co.,  Eiuisas,  23  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Wellington.     Pop.  50. 

Albion,  a  post-hamlet  in  Albion  township,  Kennebec 
CO.,  Me.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  3 
stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  75;  of  the 
township,  1356. 

Albion,  a  city  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  in  Albion  and 
Sheridan  townships,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  96 
miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.     The 


Lansing  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad  crosses  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  at  this 
point.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  I  other  bank, 
a  Methodist  institution  called  Albion  College  (which  was 
founded  in  1860,  and  has  about  600  students),  a  graded 
school,  a  public  library,  and  a  conservatory  of  music.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Albion  has  also  a 
tannery,  a  machine  shop,  3  flour-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  agricultural  implements,  sash,  blinds,  and  windmills, 
besides  numerous  stores  and  other  business  concerns.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3763. 

AJbion,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Boone  co..  Neb.,  43 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  newspaper 
offices,  5  churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  and  numerous 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  926, 

Albion,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  of  Rochester,  and  52  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2 
national  banks,  8  churches,  5  newspaper  offices,  a  union 
school  system ;  also  an  academy.  Here  are  several  flour- 
mills  and  manufactures  of  iron,  and  extensive  stone  quar- 
ries, Ac.     Pop.  of  Albion  township  (1890),  5773. 

Albion,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  traversed  by 
the  Rome  &  Watertown  Railroad,  contains  several  manu- 
facturing hamlets.  Albion  Station  (Sand  Bank  Post-Office) 
is  36  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.     Pop.  in  1890,  2172. 

Albion,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Ashland 
CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  West  Salem,  and  about  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
chair-factory. 

Albion,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver 
&  Erie  Canal  and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  26  miles 
S.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  oars  and  horse-rakes.     Pop.  about  500. 

Albion,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Providence,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Blackstone  River. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  402. 

Albion,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Dane  co.,  Wii,, 
3  miles  from  Edgerton,  and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Janesville. 
Koshkonong  Lake  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  township. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Totalpop.  1261. 

Albion,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.  It  includes 
Black  River  Falls. 

Albion,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.    Pop.  370. 

Albion,  or  Bol'ton,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co., 
Ontario,  Canada,  on  the  Humoer  River,  and  on  a  railway, 
25  miles  from  Toronto.  It  contains  2  telegraph  offices,  sev- 
eral stores,  a  flour-  and  grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  has  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  1000. 

Albion  Mines,  or  Coal  Mines,  or  Stel'larton,  a 
mining  village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  East  River,  and 
on  the  Intercolonial  Railway  (station  called  Stellarton),  101 
miles  N.E.  of  Halifax,  and  6  miles  by  rail  from  Pictou  Har- 
bor. Here  are  mines,  from  which  large  quantities  of  coal 
are  raised.  The  village  contains  a  telegraph  office  and 
about  15  stores.     Pop.  (1891)  2297. 

Albis,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Elbe. 

Albis,  mountains  in  Switzerland.     See  Zurich. 

Albissola  Marina,  il-bis-so'li  m4-ree'n4,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  2  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Savona, 
with  extensive  manufactures  of  porcelain  vases.    Pop.  1550. 

Albissola  Snperiore,  41-bis-so'l3,  soo-pi-re-o'ri,  a 
town  of  Italy,  separated  from  the  above  by  the  Sansobia. 
Pop.  2130. 

Albium  Ingaunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Albenga. 

Albium  Intimelinm.    See  Vintimiglia. 

Albizzate,  il-bit-s&'t4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  5  miles  N.  of  Gallarate.     Pop.  1920, 

Alblasserdam,  il-blis'ser-dim',  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, South  Holland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the 
navigable  river  Merwede.     It  has  ship-yards.     Pop.  3981. 

Albocacer,  il-bo-ki'thSr,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valen- 
cia, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1560. 

Alboloduy,  3,1-bo-lo-doo'e,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 20  miles  N.N.W.  from  Almeria,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  river  Almeria.     Pop.  1949. 

Albon,  irbftijo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Drftme, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  VaUier,  near  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2401. 

Albona,  M-bo'nS,  (Ger.  Alben,  S,l'ben;  lUyrian,  Labin, 
la-been'),  a  town  of  Istria,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Triest.    Pop.  2084. 

Albondon,  il-bon-don',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
38  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3392. 

Albonese,  41-bo-ni'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Padua,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  1121. 

Alboran,  41-bo-r4n',  a  small  island  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, belonging  to  Spain.    Lat.  35°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  3"  0'  40"  W. 


i 


ALB 


455 


ALO 


Alborea,  &l-bo-r&'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in.  Moroia,  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1721. 

Alborg,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Aalborg. 

Albosaggia,  il-bo-sid'ji,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Sondrio,  in  the  valley  of  the  Adda.     Pop.  2038. 

Al  Bostan,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  El  Bostan. 

Albox,  ai-boH',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  banks  of  the  Kambla  de  Oria, 
which  divides  the  town  into  two  quarters.  It  has  a  prison, 
hospital,  and  a  manufactory  of  pottery.     Pop.  3705. 

Albrechtsdorf,  8,1'brfiKts-dfiRf  \  a  town  of  Bohemia,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Gablonz ;  has  large  glass-works.   Pop.  4259. 

Albreda^  S,l-br&'di,  a  town  of  Gambia,  belonging  to  the 
British  colony  of  that  name,  with  a  harbor  on  the  Gambia 
River.    Principal  exports,  pea-nuts  and  copra.    Pop.  7000. 

Albright,  awl'brit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.Va., 
on  Cheat  River,  47  miles  W.  of  Keyset.     It  has  2  churches. 

AlbrightSTille,  awl'brits-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Albuera,  il-boo-i'ri,  a  river  of  Spain,  province  of 
Badajos,  flows  into  the  Guadiana.     Length,  50  miles. 

Albaera,  il-boo-i'r4  or  ill-bwi'rS,,  or  La  Albuera,  li 
il-bwi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Badajos,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name.  On  the  16th  of 
May,  1811,  the  British  and  allies,  under  General  Beresford, 
here  gained  a  victory  over  the  French,  commanded  by 
Marshal  Soult.     Pop.  450. 

Albufeira,  Sil-boo-fi'e-ri,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Algarve,  on  the  Atlantic,  46  miles  E.  of  Cape 
St.  Vincent.  Pop.  4078.  Its  harbor,  which  admits  the 
largest  vessels,  is  defended  by  a  citadel  and  batteries. 

Albnfera,  il-boo-fi'ri,  a  lake  of  Spain,  on  the  coast,  7 
miles  S.  of  Valencia,  11  miles  in  length  by  4  in  breadth. 
It  communicates  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Albula,  il'boo-li,  a  mountain-pass  of  Switzerland, 
Grisons,  lea^ds  across  Mount  Albula  from  the  valley  of  Ber- 
giin  to  the  Upper  Engadine,  and  from  the  basin  of  the 
Rhine  to  that  of  the  Inn.     Its  highest  point  is  7713  feet. 

Albuftol,  8.1-boon-yol',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Granada,  35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Almeria,  near 
the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4080. 

Albuquerque,  il-boo-kSR'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura, 26  miles  N.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  7527.  It  has  a 
castle,  "and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths. 

Albuquerque,  il-boo-kSr'ki,  a  city,  capital  of  Berna- 
lillo CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  56  miles  S.W.  of 
Santa  F6.  It  has  10  churches,  a  territorial  university,  an 
academy,  graded  schools,  electric-  and  gas-light  companies, 
city  water-works,  and  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2315;  in  1890  (with  old  Albuquerque),  5518. 

Albuquerque  (il-boo-kfiR'ki)  Islands,  or  South- 
west Keys,  a  group  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  110  miles  E. 
of  the  Mosquito  coast.     Lat.  12°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  50'  W. 

Alburg,  awl'biirg,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt., 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  is  a  peninsula  washed  by 
Lake  Champlain  on  all  sides  except  the  N.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  and  contains  a  post-hamlet 
and  a  station  of  its  own  name,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  St. 
Albans.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1716. 

Alburg  (incorrectly  Albaugn),  a  post-hamlet  in  Moira 
.ownship,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Moira  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Alburg  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt., 
on  Lake  Champlain,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  and 
3i  miles  from  Alburg  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Alburg  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Alburg  township. 
Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain  and  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has 
mineral  springs,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  and  an  academy. 

Alburtis,  al-bur'tjs,  a  post-village  in  Lower  Macungie 
township,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  AUentown.  It  is  the  south  ter- 
minus of  the  Catasauqua  <k  Fogelsville  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church,  iron-mines,  and  2  blast-furnaces  owned  by  the 
Thomas  Iron  Company.     Pop.  about  800. 

Albury,  al'ber-re,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South 
Wales,  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on  the  Murray  River, 
386  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Sydney,  and  opposite  Wodonga, 
in  Victoria.     It  has  extensive  wine-cellars.     Pop.  2592. 

Albury,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  9  miles  from  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Albnzzano,  a,l-boot-s4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles 
E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1558. 

Alby,  or  Albi,  al'bee  or  irbee'  (L.  Albiga,  Al'ha  Au- 
gut'ui),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Tarn, 


on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tarn,  338  miles  S.  of  Paris,  and  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Toulouse,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop.  It  is  ill  built,  the  streets 
being  narrow  and  irregular.  Besides  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce and  a  college,  there  are  in  the  town  a  museum  ot 
natural  history,  a  society  of  rural  economy,  trade,  and  sta- 
tistics, and  a  public  library  of  more  than  14,000  volumes ,' 
also  normal  schools,  a  divinity  school,  a  theatre,  and  bar- 
racks. The  manufactures  are  of  castings,  linen,  sacking, 
cottons,  handkerchiefs,  and  wax  candles.  The  town  suffered 
much  in  the  religious  wars  of  France ;  and  from  it  the  re- 
formers of  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  called  in 
French  Alhigeoit  (irbee*zhw4' j  livXin,  Albigenaet,  al-be- 
jin'siz),  took  their  name.     Pop.  (1891)  17,892. 

Alby,  or  Albi,  al'bee  (Fr.  pron.  iPbee'),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  on  the  Cheran,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Annecy.     Pop.  1215. 

Albyn,  or  Albinn,  the  ancient  (Celtic  ?)  name  of  Scot- 
land, from  Alb  or  Alp,  signifying  "  highland"  or  "  moun- 
tain." 

Alcacer  do  Sal,  ial-kiss'flr  do  s&I  {i.e.,  "salt  castle"), 
(anc.  Salacia),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Saldao,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2609. 

Alcaic  de  Chivert,  &I-k&-14'  di  che-vaiRt',  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  29  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Castellon. 
Pop.  6448. 

Alcala  de  Guadaira,  &I-k&-l&'  d&  gw&-Di'r&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  7  miles  B.  of  Seville,  with  a  Moorish  castle,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  7341. 

Alcala  de  Henares,  &l-ka-l4'  d&  dn-&'rgs,  a  walled 
city  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madrid,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Henares.  Alcali  has  2  colleges,  sev- 
eral convents,  2  public  libraries,  and  3  schools  of  primary 
instruction.  Cervantes  was  bom  here  in  1547.  Pop.  in 
1768,  22,000 ;  now  8800. 

Alcala  del  Jucar,  &l-k&-l&'  d£l  Hoo'kan,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Muroia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Juoar,  19  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1594. 

Alcald  de  los  Gazules,  &I-k&-l&'  d&  loce  gi-thoo'I^s, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  slope  of  the  Ronda 
Mountains,  37  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  5516. 

Alcaic  del  Rio,  &l-k&-I&'  d£l  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  8  miles  N.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir- 
Pop.  2545. 

Alcala  del  Valle,  il-ki-li'  dfll  vil'yi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  45  miles  E.  of  Cadiz.    Pop.  1764. 

Alcala  la  Real,  4l-k&-l3,'  1&  xh.-i.V,  a  city  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Jaen,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Granada  Mountains,  about  2700  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
chief  public  buildings  are  a  town-  and  court-house,  a  civil 
hospital,  and  several  convents.     Pop.  6738. 

Alcamo,  &l'kS,-mo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  E.  of 
Trapani,  picturesquely  situated  on  a  hill,  with  towers  and 
edifices  of  a  Moorish  origin.  Pop.  37,697.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  a  theatre,  and  remains  of  the  ancient  Segea'ta. 

Alcanadre,  8.1-ki-n4'dri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
joins  the  Cinca  after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Alcanar,  4l-k4-naR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  19 
miles  S.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  3000. 

Alcanede,  4l-k&-n4'd4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura, 12  miles  N.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  2568. 

Alcafiiz,  &l-k4n-yeeth',  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in 
Aragon,  province  of  Teruel,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Guadalupe,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.  It  has  a  college, 
hospital,  and  parish  churches.     Pop.  7522. 

Alcdntara,  &l-k&n't&-r&  (Arab,  "the  bridge,"  anc. 
Nor'ba  Ciesare'a),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, on  the  Tagus,  near  the  Portuguese  frontier,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Caceres.  Pop.  4101.  The  city  derived  its  name 
from  the  magnificent  bridge  over  the  Tagus,  which  waa 
burned  by  the  national  troops  in  1836. 

Alcantara,  a,l-k4n't&-rft,  a  river  of  Sicily,  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean  S.  of  Taormina. 

Alcantara,  &l-k&n't4-r&,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  in 
the  state  of  Maranhao,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the 
Maranhao  River,  near  its  mouth.     Pop.  5500. 

AJcantarilla,  &l-k4n-t&-reery&  ("the  little  bridge"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  5  miles  by  rail  from  Murcia.     Pop.  4089. 

Alcara  li  Fusi,  4I-k4'r4  lee  foo'see,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
in  Messina,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Patti.     Pop.  2470. 

Alcaraz,  &I-k&-r&th',  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Albacete.  It  has  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  manufactures 
of  woollens,  and  mines  of  copper  and  zinc.     Pop.  2907. 

Alcassar  Ceguer,  al-k&s'sar  thi-gain',  a  fortified  vil- 
lage of  Morocco,  on  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar. 

Alcatraz,  or  Alcatras,  il-k4-tris',  a  rocky  islet  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  Africa;  I»t.  10°  37'  N..  Ion.  15°  21'  W. 


ALC 


456 


ALD 


Alcatraz,  il-ki-triz',  a  post-office  of  San  Francisco 
CO.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  island  of  Alcatraz,  4  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco.  Here  is  a  strongly  fortified  post,  used  as  a  mili- 
tary prison.  The  island  is  1650  feet  long,  and  rises  to  a 
height  of  130  feet.  It  has  a  light-house  36  feet  high ;  lat. 
37°  49'  27"  N.,  Ion.  122°  24'  19"  W. 

Alcatrazes,  or  Alcatrasses,  il-ki-tris'sfis,  a  group 
of  barren  rocks  on  the  E.  coast  of  South  America,  20  miles 
from  the  mainland ;  lat.  24°  6'  S.,  Ion.  46°  40'  W. 

Alcaudete,  il-k6w-d4'ti  (anc.  Unditu'numt),  a  town 
of  Spain,  Andalusia,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  6588. 

Alcazar  (or  Alcacer)  de  San  Juan,  ai-ki'th§r  di 
sin  Hoo-in'  (almost  sin  Hwin'),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  45  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  7800. 
It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  gunpowder,  and  nitre. 

Alcaz'ar  Kebeer  (or  Kebir),  ke-becB'  ("the  great 
palaoe"),  a  city  of  Morocco,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Fez.  Pop. 
6000.  Near  it  is  a  bridge  {Alc&ntara)  where  Sebastian, 
king  of  Portugal,  was  defeated  and  killed,  August  4,  1678. 

Alceste,  41-s8st',  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Pe-che- 
lee,  3  miles  N.W.  of  the  N.E.  point  of  Shan-Toong. 

Alcester,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Awl'- 
ster,  or  Aw'ster,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  War- 
wick, at  the  junction  of  the  Alne  and  Arrow,  on  a  railway, 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warwick.     Pop.  2363. 

Al'cester,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  South  Dakota, 
19  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Centreville.     Pop.  200. 

Al'chie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Boston  Railroad  Station.     Near  it  is  a  church. 

Alchnku,  a  town  of  Manchooria.    See  A-She-Ho. 

Alcira^  il-thee'ri  (anc.  Sxtabicula),  an  ancient  town 
of  Spain,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia,  on  an  island  in  the 
Jucar.     Pop.  14,050.     It  has  fine  bridges,  and  near  it  is  a' 
remarkable  stalaotitic  cavern. 

Alckmaer  and  Alcmaria.    See  Alkmaar. 

Alcoba^a,  il-ko-bi'si,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Estremadura,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Leiria.  Pop.  1458,  with 
an  ancient  abbey,  in  which  are  the  tombs  of  many  kings. 

Alcobendas,  il-ko-BSn'dis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1560. 

Alcocer,  il-ko-thaiR',  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S.E. 
of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1630. 

Alcoentre^  il-ko-5n'tri,  a  small  town  of  Portugal,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  1305. 

Alcofauhatchee.    See  Ulcofatjhatchee. 

Alcolea  del  Rio,  il-ko-li'i  dSl  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Seville,  near  the  Guadalquivir.  Pop.  2060. 
Many  small  Spanish  towns  are  named  Alcolea. 

Alcona,  al-ko'na,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Huron,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Au  Sable  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats,  pota- 
toes, &c.  Capital,  Harrisville.  The  Detroit,  Bay  City  & 
Alpena  Railroad  passes  through  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
696;  in  1880,  3107;  in  1890,  6409. 

Alcona,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Alcona  co., 
Mich.,  is  on  or  near  Lake  Huron,  9  miles  N.  of  Harrisville, 
and  about  90  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  319. 

Alconchel,  il-kon-ch41',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Badajos.    Pop.  2651. 

Alconera,  il-ko-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 23  miles  S.  of  Almendralejo.    Pop.  936. 

Alco'ny,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Troy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Alcora,  il-ko'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Valencia.     Pop.  4499.     It  exports  fruit. 

Al'corn,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  oy  the 
Hatehie  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level;  the 
Boil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  live  stock,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
and  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroads,  which  converge 
at  Corinth,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,431;  in  1880, 
14,272;  in  1890,  13,116. 

Alcorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Alcoutim,  or  Alcotim,  il-ko-teeN<»',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Algarve,  on  the  Guadiana,  opposite  San 
Lucar,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Tavira.     Pop.  2429. 

Alco'va,  a  small  manufacturing  village  of  Newton  co., 
Ga.,  on  Alcova  River,  12  miles  from  Covington.  It  has  a 
cotton-factory  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  half  a  mile  from 
Newton  Factory  Post-Office. 

Alcover,  il-ko-vaiB',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3006. 


Alcovy,  asmall  river  of  Georgia.  See  Ulcofatjhatchee. 

Alcoy,  il-ko'e,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Alicante.  Pop.  25,196.  It  has  numerous  paper- and  woollen- 
factories,  and  considerable  commercial  activity. 

Alcoy,  a  small  river  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  flowing  N.E. 
about  45  miles  into  the  Mediterranean. 

Alcudia,  il-koo'De-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Majorca, 
at  its  N.  extremity,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1600. 

Alcudia  de  Carlet,  il-koo'ne-i  di  kan-lfit',  a  town 
of  Spain,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  2209.  Alcudia 
is  the  name  of  several  other  Spanish  towns. 

Alcuescar,  il-kwSs'kaR,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 28  miles  S.  of  Caceres.  Pop.  2422.  This  was  the 
rendezvous  of  the  allied  troops  in  1812. 

AI'da,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co..  Neb.,  near  the  Platte 
River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  162  miles  W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  2  churches,  a  college  or  seminary,  a  broom - 
factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Aldabra,  il-di'bri,  a  group  of  little  islands  in  the 
Indian  Ocean;  lat.  9°  26'  S.,  Ion.  46°  35'  E. 

Al-Dahna,  il-diH'ni,  a  wide  sandy  plain  occupying  all 
the  northeastern  part  of  Arabia,  bordering  on  the  Turkish 
pashalic  of  Bagdad,  and  extending  S.  to  about  lat.  27°  N. 

Aldan,  il-din',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  Aldan 
Mounteins,  and  joins  the  Lena  in  lat.  63°  12'  N.,  Ion.  129°  40' 
E.     Length,  about  300  miles. 

Aldan  (il-din')  Mountains,  a  chain  of  mountains  in 
E.  Siberia,  branching  ofiF  northwestward  from  the  Stanovoi 
Mountains,  from  lat.  61°  20'  to  67°  30'  N.  Total  length, 
above  900  miles.  Mount  Kapitan,  the  most  celebrated 
summit,  is  4263  feet  high.  According  to  some  geographers, 
the  Aldan  Mountains  comprise  the  whole  mountain-system 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  Asia,  including  the  Kamchatka  chain. 

Aldaya,  il-dl'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles  W.  of  Valen- 
cia.    Pop.  2060. 

Aldborough,  or  Aldeburgh,  ild'bur-fih,  a  town  of 
Sufi"olk,  England,  between  the  sea  and  the  estuary  of  the 
Aide,  9i  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dunwich.  It  is  a  watering-place. 
Crabbe,  the  poet,  was  born  here  in  1754.    Pop.  (1891)  2159. 

Aldborough,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  on  the  Ure,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  York.  It  is  supposed 
to  replace  the  ancient  Isurium  Brigantium.     Pop.  502. 

Ald'borough,  New  Glasgow,  or  Airey,  a  post- 
village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  Canada,  on  Lake  Erie,  14 
mUes  S.S.E.  of  Newbury.     Pop.  150. 

Aldbrough,  ild'briih  (?),  a  parish  and  village  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  Eaat  Riding.     Pop.  911. 

Aide,  ild,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  rises  near 
Framlingham,  and  joins  the  North  Sea  at  Orford. 

Aldea  Davila  de  Duero,  il-di'i  di've-li  di  doo-i'ro, 
a  town  of  Spain,  43  miles  W.  of  Salamanca,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Duero.     Pop.  1937. 

Aldea  del  Cano,  il-di'i  dSl  ki'no,  a  town  of  Spain, 
15  miles  S.  of  Caceres.     Pop,  1408. 

Aldea  del  Rey,  il-di'i  dfil  ri  (or  ri'e),  a  town  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ciudad  ReaL     Pop.  2406. 

Aldea  Galega,  il-di'i  gi-li'gi,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the  Tagus,  10  miles  E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1575. 

Aldea  Velha,  il-di'i  vfil'yi,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil, 
on  the  bay  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Espirito  Santo. 

Aldeas  Altas,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Caxias. 

Aldein,  il'din\  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  9  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Neumarkt.     Pop.  1205. 

Alden,  il'd^n,  a  post-village  in  Alden  township,  Mc- 
Henry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad 
(Kenosha  Branch),  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rookford.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  township  (1890)  1014. 

Alden,  a  post-village  in  Alden  township,  Hardin  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  43  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  (1890)  of  village,  512;  of  township,  1278. 

Alden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  24  mUes  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  4  church  organizations 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Alden,  a  post-village  in  Alden  cownship,  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, about  400. 

Alden,  a  post- village  in  Alden  township,  Erie  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  the  Cottage  Seminary,  a  tannery,  planing-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  450 ;  of  township,  2547. 

Alden,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  oo.,  Va.,  7  miles 
B.  of  King  George  Court-House. 

Alden,  a  station  in  Kanawha  co.,  W.Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Alden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alden  township,  Polk  co.,  Wis., 
40  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.     Pop.  of  township,  937. 


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457 


ALE 


I 


Alden  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  cc,  N.Y.,  in 
Alden  township,  near  the  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Buf- 
falo,    It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Aldenhoven,  il'd^n-hoV^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 3i  miles  S.W.  of  Julich.     Pop.  2898. 

Aldeno,  il-di'no,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  circle 
of  Trent.     Pop.,  with  district,  1528. 

Alden  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Wilkes-Barre. 

Al'denville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clinton  township,  Wayne 
00.,  Pa.,  9  miles  N. W.  of  Honesdale.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Al'der  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex., 
10  miles  from  Elkhart  Railroad  Station. 

Alder  JUrook,  a  post- village  in  Bethlehem  township, 

Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  at  Libbey's  Railroad  Station,  4  miles 

N.  of  Littleton.    It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumbef. 

Alder  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 

about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Malone. 

Alderbrook,  a  hamlet  in  Eaton  township,  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  E.  of  West  Eaton.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Alder  Creek,  a  station  in  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
Alder  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Boonville  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  tannery,  &c. 
Aider  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  8  miles 
from  Herman. 

Alderley,  il'd^r-le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Wis., 
on  Ashippun  Creek,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
Alderney,  ft.l'd§r-ni,  or  Aurigny,  o-reen-ye'  (anc. 
Riduna),  an  island  in  the  English  Channel,  oflF  the  coast  of 
Normandy,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  10  miles  W.  of  Cape 
la  Hague.  Circumference,  about  8  miles.  Pop.  2738.  It 
is  well  cultivated,  and  noted  for  its  breed  of  cows.  In  its 
centre  is  a  town  of  the  same  name.  French  is  the  language 
spoken,  and  the  island  has  a  little  legislature  of  its  own. 

Alderney,  Race  of,  a  strait  between  the  above  island 
and  Cape  la  Hague,  dangerous  from  the  strength  and  rapid- 
ity of  its  tides.    See  Caskets. 

Aldershot,  &l'd§r-8h6t,  a  town  of  England,  in  Hants, 
on  branches  of  the  Southeastern  and  Southwestern  Rail- 
ways, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Famham.  Here  is  a  great  perma- 
nent camp,  with  barracks.  Pop.  of  parish,  13,214,  exclusive 
of  the  military. 

Aldershot,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  i  mile  from  Waterdown.     Pop.  150. 

Alderson,  awl'der-spn,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  118  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  5  churches,  and  flour-  and 
eaw-mills.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Alderville,  S,l'd§r-vil,  an  Indian  post-village  in  North- 
umberland CO.,  Ontario,  19  miles  N.  of  Cobourg.     Pop.  200. 
Aldie,  &l-dee',  a  post- village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Leesburg,  and  about  37  miles  W.  by  N.  of  the 
city  of  Washington.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Aldingen  am  Neckar,  il'ding^^n  im  nSk'ir,  a  vil- 
lage of  Wiirtemberg,  Germany,  on  the  Neckar,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  1023. 

Aldingen  in  der  Baar  (In  dir  b&R),  a  village  of 
Wiirtemberg,  Germany,  in  the  Black  Forest,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Spaichingen.     Pop.  1617. 

AI'drich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wadena  co.,  Minn.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Brainerd. 

Aldrich,  a  post- village  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  18  miles  by 

rail  N.  of  Ash  Grove.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  200. 

Aldstone,  &ld'st9n  or  il'st^n,  or  Al8ton>Moor,  a 

market  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  19  miles  by 

rail  E.S.E.  of  Cariisle.     Pop.  4621. 

Aledo,  i-li'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Muroia,  with  ancient  Roman  walls.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Aledo,  9-lS'do,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Mercer  co., 
111.,  14  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  37  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Galva.  Three  newspapers  are  issued  here.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  7  churches,  an  academy, 
graded  public  schools,  a  flour-mill,  2  brick-yards,  and  a 
plough-factory.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop.  about  2000. 
Alegranza,  one  of  the  Canaries.  See  Alleoranza. 
Alegrete,  i-li-gri'ti,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1467. 

Alegrette,  i-14-grSt'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  280  miles  W. 
of  Alegre,  in  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.     Pop.  1412. 

Alegria,  4-l£-gree'3,,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of, 

Guipuzcoa,  on  the  Oria,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Tolosa.     Pop.  1129. 

Alei,  i-li',  a  river  of  Siberia,  an  affluent  of  the  Obi,  in 

the  government  of  Tomsk. 

Aleiskoi'Loktevskoi,  &-li'i-skoy^  lok-tdv'skoy^  a 

80 


town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Tomsk,  1!)7  milM 
S.W.  of  Bijsk,  and  near  rich  copper-mines. 

Alekuagak,  &-lSk-n&-g&k',  a  large  lake  of  Alaska,  whose 
outlet,  the  Aleknagak  River,  a  copious  stream,  falls  into  the 
river  Nushagak  near  its  mouth. 

Aleksandria,  i-ldk-sin'dre-&,  atown  of  Russia,  in  the 
Caucasus,  10  miles  S.  of  Georgievsk. 

Aleksandrov,  or  Alexandrov,  &-ldk-s&n-drov',  a 
town  and  fortress  of  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  43  miles  N.W. 
of  Georgievsk. 

Aleksandrov,  European  Russia.    See  Alexandbov. 

Aleksandrovka,  or  Alexandrovka,  &-16k-sin- 
drov'ki,  the  name  of  a  great  number  of  small  towns  in 
Russia,  there  being  four  in  the  government  of  Kherson. 

AleksandroTsk,  Russia.    See  Alexandrovsk. 

Aleksiepskoe,  i-15k-se-5p'sko-i*,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  110  miles  N.E.  of  Saratov. 

Aleksin,  or  Alexine,  i-lfix-een',  written  also  Ale- 
seina,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Toola,  on  the 
Oka,  100  miles  S.  of  Moscow.  Two  great  fairs  are  held 
here  annually.     Pop.  3449. 

Alella,  a-l5l'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  milea 
from  Barcelona,  and  near  the  sea.     Pop.  1794. 

Aleman,  &-l&-m&n',  a  railroad  station  in  New  Mexico, 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  line,  about  160  miles 
S.  of  Albuquerque,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Rincon. 

Alemania,  the  Spanish  name  of  Germany. 

Alemania,or  Allemania,  al-e-man'ya,  a  hamlet  of 
Ascension  parish,  La.,  8  miles  from  Donaldsonville. 

Alem'bic,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  N.  of  St.  Louis.     Near  here  are  3  churches. 

Ale'lmouth,  Ail'mouth,  or  Alnemouth,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  where  the  Alne 
enters  the  North  Sea,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Alnwick.     Pop.  490.    . 

Alemquer,  or  Aienquer,  i-lSuo-kaiR',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  4368. 

Alemquer,  or  Aienquer,  3,-l8N"-kaiR',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montalegre.     Pop.  2700. 

Alemtejo,  or  Alentejo,  i-lfiuo-ti'zho  {i.e.,  "beyond 
the  Tagus,"  the  speaker  being  supposed  to  stand  in  Lisbon), 
a  province  of  Portugal,  between  lat.  37°  20'  and  39°  40'  N.  ; 
divided  into  the  districts  of  Beja,  Evora,  and  Portalegre. 
Area,  9416  square  miles.  Pop.  (1881)  367,169.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Tagus  (Tejo)  in  the  N.,  Guadiana  in  the  E., 
and  Saldao  in  the  S.  Principal  towns,  Evora,  Beja,  Villa- 
Vijosa,  Portalegre,  Elvas,  and  Estremoz. 

Alen^on,  8,-15n'son  (Fr.  pron.  fl,^16N<»^s6N»'),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Ome,  on  the  Sarthe. 
and  on  the  Caen-Mans  Railway,  118  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paris, 
Pop.  18,319.  It  is  well  built,  with  promenades  on  the  site 
of  its  ancient  walls,  a  court-house,  library,  and  normal 
schools.  The  industry  of  this  town  consists  of  granite-quar- 
rying, tanneries,  cider  distilleries,  bleaching,  spinning,  and 
printing.  The  manufacture  of  the  lace  called  point  d'Alen- 
f on  still  exists.  The  crystals  called  Alenfon  diamonds  are 
found  in  its  vicinity. 

Aienquer,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Alemqcer. 

Alentejo,  a  province  of  Portugal.    See  Alemtejo. 

Alepe,  a  town  of  India.  See  Alipee. 
Alep'po,  called  by  the  natives  (Arabs)  Haleb,  or 
Haleb  es  Shabba,  h&'lib  is  shd,b'b&  (anc.  Cha'lyhon 
and  Berce'a),  a  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet 
in  the  N.  of  Syria,  long  one  of  the  principal  emporiums  of 
the  Ottoman  Empire,  on  the  Kowek  (anc.  Cha'lus),  70  miles 
E.  of  the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  11'  N.;  Ion.  37°  10'  B 
Pop.  estimated  at  110,000;  but  previous  to  the  earthquake 
of  1822  it  is  said  to  have  been  upwards  of  200,000.  The 
city  rose  to  importance  on  the  destruction  of  Palmyra,  and 
became  the  great  emporium  of  trade  between  Europe  and 
the  East.  It  is  encircled  by  walls,  outside  of  which  are 
large  suburbs,  the  whole  being  about  7  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence. Its  appearance,  on  approaching  it,  is  striking  and 
picturesque.  Numerous  mosques,  cupolas,  and  minaret* 
crowd  on  the  eye :  the  flat  roofs  of  the  houses  on  the  hill* 
rise,  one  behind  another,  in  a  succession  of  terraces.  But 
on  entering  the  gates  much  of  this  pleasing  illusion  is  dis- 
pelled. The  streets  are  gloomy  and  silent,  the  shops  mean- 
looking,  and  the  baths  and  fountains  heavy,  unadorned 
structures.  The  houses,  however,  are  substantially  built  of 
stone,  two  or  three  stories  in  height,  mostly  in  the  Sara- 
cenic style,  with  spacious  apartments,  large  windows,  and 
richly  ornamented  walls  and  ceilings.  An  abundant  sup- 
ply of  water  is  furnished  from  springs  about  8  miles  distant, 
by  an  ancient  aqueduct.  The  celebrated  gardens,  12  miles 
in  length,  are  situated  to  the  S.E.  of  the  city.  Aleppo  has 
a  castle,  a  Mohammedan  college  with   numerous  pupil* 


ALE 


458 


ALE 


many  Christian  churches,  several  large  inns,  and  extensive 
warehouses  and  bazaars.  It  has  four  Catholic  archbishops, 
of  diflFerent  rites,  and  is  the  seat  of  Greek  and  Armenian 
prelates.  Silks,  cottons,  and  gold  and  silver  thread  stuffs 
are  prepared;  and  here  are  also  extensive  soap-factories, 
dye-works,  and  rope-walks,  the  last  in  some  vast  caverns 
outside  the  city.  It  is  connected  by  the  Indo-European 
telegraph  line  with  Damascus  and  Diarbekir.  Large  cara- 
vans arrive  from  Bagdad,  Diarbekir,  Mosul,  Koordiatan, 
and  Armenia.    A  United  States  consular  agent  and  consuls 

of  most  European  nations  reside  at  Aleppo. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Aleppine,  1-lep-peen' ;  native,  Halebeb,  h&'leb-ee. 
Aleppo,  a  vilayet  or  province  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  forms 
the  N.  extremity  of  Syria,  and  extends  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean to  the  Euphrates.  Area,  40,750  square  miles.  It 
is  of  diversified  surface,  with  much  good  soil.  Chief  products, 
tobacco,  grain,  wool,  oil-seeds,  cotton,  silk,  galls,  gums,  wax, 
mohair,  skins,  soap,  Ac.     Capital,  Aleppo.     Pop.  535,714. 

AMep'po,  a  post-townshrp  in  the  W.  part  of  Greene  co., 
Pa.,  8  miles  from  Cameron,  W.  Va.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop. 
1382.  Coal  and  excellent  limestone,  and  handsome  sandstone 
for  builders'  use,  abound. 

Aleria,  i-li-ree'3.,  a  decayed  town  of  Corsica.    It  de- 
rives its  name  from  the  Roman  colony  of  Aleria.    Pop.  950. 
AUert',  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township,  Decatur  co., 
Ind.,  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Alert,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles  from 
Clay  Centre. 

Alert,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  about  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Cincinnati. 

Ales,  &'15s,  an  episcopal  town  in  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.  It  has  a  small  but  elegant 
cathedral,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1208. 

Aleshki,  i-ljsh'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Taurida,  on  the  left  bank  of  an  estuary  of  the  Dnieper, 
opposite  Kherson.  Pop.  8484. 
Alesia.  See  Alais  and  Alise-Sainte-Reine. 
Alessandria,  4l-Ss-s3,n'dre-i  (called  "  Delia  Paglia," 
dil'li  pil'yi,  because  its  walls  were  formerly  built  of  mud 
and  straw),  is  now  a  strong  fortress  and  capital  of  the  same 
named  province  in  Italy,  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.  It  was 
built  in  1168,  in  defence  against  Emperor  Frederic  I.,  and 
named  in  honor  of  Pope  Alexander  III.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  college,  and  a  large  number  of  other  public  build- 
ings. Pop.  about  59,000.  It  has  fabrics  of  silk,  linen,  and 
woollen  goods,  stockings,  and  hats,  with  a  large  trade,  and 
two  great  annual  fairs.  Two  miles  S.E.  of  Alessandria,  in 
an  extensive  plain,  is  the  village  of  Marengo,  celebrated  for 
the  great  victory  gained  here  by  Napoleon  over  the  Aus- 
trians,  14th  of  June,  1800. 

Alessandria,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  is  en- 
closed by  the  provinces  of  Novara,  Pavia,  Genoa,  Coni,  and 
Turin.  Area,  1952  square  miles.  Capital,  Alessandria.  Pop. 
683,361. 

Alessandria  del  Carretio,  &l-Ss-s&n'dre-&  dSl  kar- 
ri'te-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Hither  Calabria,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1680. 

Alessandria  della  Rocca,  &l-Ss-s3,n'dre-&  ddri& 
r6k'ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Girgenti,  3  miles  S.  of 
Bivona.     Pop.  5361. 

Alessano,  i-lfis-s3,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.W. 
of  Otranto.     Pop.  2872. 

Alessio,  3,-l^s'se-o,  called  also  Alise,  &-li'si,  Lesch, 
Ifish,  Eshenderasi,  fish-5n-dfir-i'se,  and  Mrtav,  m'r-tiv' 
(anc.  Lis'sus),  a  town  and  Catholic  bishop's  see  of  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  on  the  left  bank  and  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Drin,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Scutari.     Pop.  3000. 

Alet,  or  Aleth,  iHSt',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aude,  on  the  Aude,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Limoux.  Pop,  1266. 
Aletinm,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lecce. 
Aleutian,  or  Aliutian,  a-lu'she-an.  Islands,  or 
Catherina  Archipelago,  a  long  chain  of  islands  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  in  Alaska  Territory,  extending 
from  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska  westward  towards  Kamchatka, 
and  dividing  the  Sea  of  Kamchatka,  or  Behring's  Sea,  from 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  They  lie  in  both  hemispheres,  and  extend 
from  Ion.  163°  to  188°  W.,  the  westernmost  of  the  United 
States  islands  being  Attoo;  for  the  Commander  group,  to 
the  westward,  is  Russian,  and  is  not  generally  regarded  as 
a  part  of  this  chain.  The  Aleutians  proper  are  about  150 
in  number,  and  are  divided  into  the  Nearer,  Rat,  Andreanov, 
Fox,  and  other  groups  :  they  are  generally  mountainous,  and 
often  volcanic.  The  largest  is  Oonalaska.  The  people  are 
an  inofiensive  race,  apparently  allied  in  stock  to  the  Esqui- 
maux, and  are  members  of  the  Greek  Church.  Pop.  2000. 
APexan'der,  a  county  forming  the  S.  extremity  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of   about   240   square  miles.     It  is 


bounded  on  the  S,  and  S,"W,  by  the  Mississippi  River,  an(t 
is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  The  surface  is  leve> 
and  partly  subject  to  inundation ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indiatt 
corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Cairo  <fc  St.  Louis  division  of  the  Mobile  <fe 
Ohio  Railroad,  which  meets  several  other  railroads  at  Cairo,, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,564;  in  1880, 14,808;  in  1890, 
16,563, 

Alexander,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  has  an  area 
estimated  at  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  South 
Yadkin  River,  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  in  some  part* 
is  fertile,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Taylorsville.  Pop.  in  1880,  8355  f 
in  1890,  9430. 

Alexander,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Pulaski  co,. 
Ark,,  on  the  St,  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S,W,  of  Little  Rock. 

Alexander,  a  post-village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  about  38 
miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  227. 

Alexander,  a  post-rillage  of  Morgan  co.,  HI.,  on  the> 
Toledo,  Wabash  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Jack- 
sonville.    It  has  a  church. 

Alexander,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas,  4& 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Great  Bend.     Pop.  about  50. 

Alexander,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  456. 
Alexander,  a  post-office  at  Ben  Lomond  Landing,  Is- 
saquena CO.,  Miss,,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  70  miles  above- 
Vicksburg, 

Alexander,  a  post-village  in  Alexander  township,  Gen- 
esee 00,,  N.Y.,  on  Tonawanda  Creek,  and  on  the  Attica 
branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  the  Batavia 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  ft 
miles  S.  of  Batavia.  It  contains  .3  churches,  and  the  Gene- 
see and  Wyoming  Seminary.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1605. 
Alexander,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.  Pop.  1511. 
Alexander,  a  post-town  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  aoout  99 
miles  by  rail  N.  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  (1890)  381, 

Alexander  City,  a  post-town  of  Tallapoosa  co,,  Ala,, 
47  miles  by  rail  N,W.  of  Opelika.  It  has  5  churches  (3- 
white  and  2  colored),  a  bank,  a  high  school  (non-sectarian), 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  (1890)  679. 

Alexan'der  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Atlantio 
Ocean,  about  lat.  69°  30'  S.,  Ion.  75°  0'  W. 

Alexander  Islands,  in  Alaska,  extend  along  th» 
coast  from  Dixon's  Entrance  (54°  40'  N.)  to  Cross  Sound 
(68°  25').  The  islands  number  more  than  1100.  Prince- 
of  Wales  Island  is  the  largest,  and  Baranoff,  or  Sitka,  thft 
most  important.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Indians  of 
the  Tlinket  race,  and  are  of  various  tribes. 

Alexander  Lake,  in  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  lies  a  few 
miles  S,  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 

Alexandersbad,  a-15x-in'd§rs-b3,tS  mineral  spring* 
in  Bavaria  (Upper  Franconia),  17  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth. 
Alexander's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  Shippegan  Island,  at  the  entrance  to 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  73  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chatham.  Pop.  200. 
Alexan'dersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  is  on  the  Miami  River  and  Canal,  and  on  a  railroad,  ff 
miles  S.  of  Dayton. 
Alexandretta.  See  Iskanderoon. 
Alexandria,  al-ex-an'dre-a  (anc.  Alexandri' a  :  Gr. 
AXefavSpeia;  Arab,  and  Turk,  la'kanderee'yeh;  named  from 
its  founder,  Alexander  the  Great),  a  celebrated  city  and 
seaport  of  Egypt,  near  the  westernmost  branch  of  the  Nile, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  112  miles  N,W,  of  Cairo,  with  which 
it  communicates  by  the  Mahmoodeeyeh  Canal,  by  the  Nile, 
and  by  railway.  Another  railway  connects  it  with  Rosetta. 
Lat.  of  Pharos,  31°  12'  9"  N. ;  Ion,  29°  53'  E.  The  modern 
city  is  built  on  a  peninsula  (anciently  the  island  of  Pharos), 
and  on  the  isthmus  connecting  it  with  the  continent ;  the 
ancient  city  was  on  the  mainland,  where  its  ruins  cover  a 
vast  extent.  Alexandria  has  a  palace  of  the  khedive,  a 
large  naval  arsenal,  naval  and  military  hospitals,  a  custom- 
house, tribunal  of  commerce,  the  Italian  College,  and  free, 
mission,  normal,  and  other  schools.  In  the  new  streets  and 
squares  it  has  more  the  aspect  of  a  European  than  of  an 
African  or  Asiatic  city.  The  Turkish  quarter  is  irregular, 
but  the  Frank  quarter  has  many  good  streets  and  many 
splendid  buildings,  and  a  fine  square.  Country-houses  line 
a  part  of  the  ancient  canal  leading  to  the  W.  arm  of  the 
Nile,  which  was  restored  by  Mohammed  Ali,  The  city  ha* 
an  excellent  new  artificial  harbor,  formed  by  a  breakwater, 
mole,  and  quays,  Alexandria  is  the  great  emporium  of 
Egypt.     The  principal  exports  are  com,  cotton,  wool,  gumr 


ALE 


459 


ALE 


rice,  dates,  sugar,  cotton-seed,  wheat,  beans,  senna,  and 
hides.  The  principal  imports  are  woollen  and  silk  goods, 
hardware,  and  machinery,  with  timber,  coal,  petroleum, 
drugs,  and  colonial  products.  It  has  regular  steam  commu- 
nication with  all  the  great  Mediterranean  ports.  The  city 
is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Nile,  and  is  in  part  lighted 
with  gas.  It  is  the  seat  of  several  large  government  and 
other  manufactories  in  which  steam  is  the  motive  power. 
Alexandria  was  founded  in  the  year  332  B.C.  Under  the 
Ptolemies  it  rose  to  great  distinction  for  its  learning,  com- 
merce, wealth,  and  literature.  Even  after  its  subjection  to 
the  Roman  Empire,  it  was  considered  second  only  to  Rome. 
Its  library,  founded  by  Ptolemy  Philadelphus,  surpassed  all 
others  of  antiquity,  numbering  700,000  volumes,  a  portion 
of  which  was  accidentally  destroyed  by  fire  during  the  war 
with  Julius  Caesar,  and  the  remainder,  by  command  of  the 
Caliph  Omar,  in  the  year  640.  From  this  period  the  city  fell 
into  decay.  Its  population,  once  600,000  souls,  is  said  to 
have  numbered  in  the  eighteenth  century  only  6000 ;  but 
since  the  destruction  of  the  Mameluke  power  it  has  been 
gaining  in  importance.  Pop.  in  1872,  212,034  (47,316  for- 
eigners) ;  in  1882,  227,064,  of  whom  48,672  were  foreigners. 
Pompey's  Pillar  and  the  catacombs  at  the  Necropolis  are 

the  most  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Alexandrian,  al-ex-an'dre-%n ;  Arab.  Skandeba- 
NEE,  sk&n-d§r-3.'nee. 

Alexandria,  Piedmont.    See  Alessandria. 

Alexan'dria,  a  village  of  Scotland,  county  of  Dum- 
barton, on  the  Leven,  3  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Dumbarton. 
Pop,  5063,  mostly  employed  in  cotton-printing. 

Alexandria,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  cap- 
ital of  Alexandria  co.,  10  miles  from  the  sea,  and  about  500 
miles  E.  of  Cape  Town.     Pop.  2000. 

Alexandria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Musjid. 

Alexan'dria,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  35  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  city 
of  Washington.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  whose  branches  form  a  junction  with  other 
lines  at  Alexandria,  the  capital.  This  county  was  formerly 
a  part  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  was  retroceded  to 
the  state  of  Virginia  July  9,  1844.  Pop.  in  1880,  17,546  j 
in  1890,  18,597. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Anniston,  and  about  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Talladega.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Mad- 
ison CO.,  Ind.,  on  Pipe  Creek,  and  at  the  junction  of  two 
railroads,  11  miles  N.  of  Anderson.  It  has  2  banks,  a  weekly 
newspaper,  2  churches,  normal  and  graded  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  glass  and  bricks.     Pop.  287. 

Alexandria,  or  Spring^dale',  a  hamlet  in  Alex- 
andria township,  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  a  Friends'  church.  Here 
is  Springdale  Post-OflSco.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1184. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  is  12 
miles  from  Newport,  and  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rapides  parish, 
La.,  on  the  S.  or  right  bank  of  Red  River,  about  200  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  170  miles  in  a  direct  line,  and  360 
miles  by  water,  N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  The  river  is  navi- 
gable by  steamboats  at  all  seasons,  both  above  and  below 
this  place.  Cotton,  rice,  fruits,  and  sugar  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  This  was  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Louisiana,  the 
edifice  of  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  October,  1869. 
It  has  a  fine  court-house,  a  bank,  a  convent,  4  high  schools, 
7  churches,  a  tannery,  oil-mill,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  2861. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co., 
Minn.,  is  45  miles  S.E.  of  Fergus  Falls,  and  about  140 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  in  close  proximity  to 
several  little  lakes  of  pure  water,  and  is  situated  in  a 
fertile  country  which  is  like  a  natural  park.  It  has  11 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  furniture, 
machinery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1355;  in  1890,  2118. 

Alexandria,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  921. 

Alexandria,  a  post- village  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines,  op- 
posite Warsaw,  111.,  and  on  two  railroads,  5  miles  below 
Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a 
Baptist  college,  a  machine-shop,  flour-mills  and  granaries, 
and  an  extensive  pickle  establishment,  which  affords  em- 
ployment to  the  inhabitants.     Pop.  536. 

Alexandria,  a  post- village  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles 


by  rail  E.  of  Belvidere,  and  167  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Alexandria,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
4  miles  from  Bristol,  and  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  876. 

Alexandria,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.  It 
includes  the  borough  of  Frenchtown  and  several  villages, 
and  is  on  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  4253. 

Alexandria,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  N. 
end  of  Lake  George,  and  on  or  near  a  branch  of  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Whitehall  with  Plattsburg,  88  mile? 
N.  of  Albany.     Pop.  680. 

Alexandria,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  25  miles  N.  of  Watertown.  It  com- 
prises part  of  the  Thousand  Islands;  also  the  village  nf 
Alexandria  Bay.     Pop.  3476. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  St. 
Alban's  township,  on  Raccoon  Creek  and  the  Ohio  Central 
Railroad,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  private  bank,  and  2  carriage-shops.    Pop.  303. 

Alexandria,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Juniata,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Petersburg  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wagons. 
There  are  two  iron-forges  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  556. 

Alexandria,  a  city,  capital  of  Hanson  co.,  South 
Dakota,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  furniture 
and  wagons.     Pop.  about  700. 

Alexandria,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Alex- 
andria CO.,  Va.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Potomac  River, 
7  miles  below  Washington.  The  river,  here  1  mile  wide, 
forms  a  commodious  harbor  sufficiently  deep  for  the  largest 
ships.  The  city  is  pleasantly  situated  on  undulating  ground, 
with  a  fine  view  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Washington  &  Ohio  and  of  the  Virginia  Mid- 
land Railroads,  under  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  system, 
and  of  the  Alexandria  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  3  banks, 
2  Catholic  academies,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  public 
library.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  flour,  and  furni- 
ture, several  machine-shops,  &c.,  and  is  lighted  with  gaa 
and  electricity.  Pop.  in  1860,  12,652;  in  1870,  13,570;  in 
1880,  13,659;  in  1890,  14,339. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Montreal  &  Ottawa  Junction  Railway,  21  miles  from 
Riviere  Raisin.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
grist-mill,  saw-mills,  furniture-,  cheese-  and  box-factories, 
a  machine-shop,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1614. 

Alexandria,  or  French  Village,  or  Cascum- 
peque,  kis-kum-paik',  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, 35  miles  from  Summerside.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
depots  of  the  gulf  fisheries.     Pop.  150. 

Alexandria  Bay,  ^n  incorporated  village  and  summer 
resort  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  op- 

fosite  the  Thousand  Islands,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Redwood, 
t  has  2  churches  and  2  fine  hotels.  Steamboats  ply  between 
this  place  and  Clayton.     Pop.  in  1890,  1123. 

Alexandria  Junction,  a  station  in  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Alexandria  A  Washington 
branches  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Washington. 

Alexandriana,  arex-an-dre-an'a,  a  post-office  and 
station  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennes- 
see &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Charlotte. 

Alexandria  Road,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 
of  Steubenville. 

Alexan'dria  Tro'as,  called  by  the  Turks  Eskee 
Stambool  {i.e.,  "  old  city"),  a  small  town  on  the  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Tenedos. 

Alexandro'pol,  formerly  Goom'ree,  a  fortress  and 
town  of  Russian  Armenia,  government  of  Erivan,  on  the 
Arpa-Chai,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  23,009. 

Alexandrov,  or  Aleksandrov,  1-lfix-in'drov',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  W.N.W.^of  Vla- 
dimeer,  on  a  railway,  and  on  an  affluent  of  the  Kliaama. 
It  has  an  imperial  stud,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  5810. 

Alexandrov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  60  miles  W.  of 
Warsaw.     Pop.  2807. 

Alexandrov,  a  Russian  fortress.    See  Aleksandrov. 

Alexandrovka,  towns  in  Russia.  See  Aleksandrov k A. 


ALE 


460 


ALG 


AlexandroTsk,  i-lJx-in-drovsk',  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  on  the  Dnieper,  below  its  cataracts,  government 
and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Yekaterinoslav.  Pop.  4000,  It 
is  the  place  of  embarkation  for  products  exported  by  this 
river  to  the  Black  Sea.  There  are  many  other  Russian 
towns  and  stations  of  the  same  name. 

Alexandrovsky,  8,-l4i-3,n-drov'skee,  or  Aleksan- 
drovskaya,  i-lSx-in-drov-ski'yi,  a  manufacturing  depot 
of  Russia,  government  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
on  the  Neva,  with  cotton-,  flax-,  and  yam-factories,  sail- 
cloth, machinery,  and  a  government  porcelain-factory. 

Alexievskaia,  i-lfix-e-fiv-ski'yi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  the  Don  province,  215  miles  N.N.B.  of  Novo-Cherkask. 
Pop.  2691. 

Alexinatz,  5,-15x'e-nitz,  a  town  of  Servia,  on  the  Mo- 
rava,  102  miles  S.E.  of  Belgrade.     Pop.  3954. 

Alexiney  Russia.    See  Aleksin  and  Alexopol. 

Alex'iSj  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  near  the 
Coosa  River,  about  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rome,  Ga.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Alexis,  formerly  Alexandria,  a  posl-town  of  War- 
ren  co..  111.,  in  Spring  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  800. 

Alexis,  a  station  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, in  Ramapo  township,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  34  miles 
N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Alexis,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Monroe  &  Toledo  and 
Canada  Southern  Railroads,  10  miles  N.  of  Toledo. 

Alexisbad,  &-ldx'is-b&t\  a  resort  for  mineral  waters,  in 
Anhalt,  2  miles  W.  of  Harzgerode. 

Alexopol,  3,-l5x-o'pol,  or  Alexins,  4-18x-een',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  40  miles  S.  of  Poltava,  on  the 
Orel,  having  a  large  annual  fair. 

Aleybeh,  i-li'b^h,  a  village  of  Western  Africa,  near 
the  left  bank  of  the  Senegal.  Lat.  16°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  4' 
W.     It  is  a  large  and  populous  place. 

Aleyor,  a  town  of  Minorca.     See  Alatok. 

Alf,  ilf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  the  Rhine  Province,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Zell.     Pop.  1150. 

Alfacar,  il-fi-kaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Granada,  at 
the  foot  of  a  mountain  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1511. 

Alfafar,  il-fl-faR',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on 
a  railway,  3  miles  S.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1500. 

Alfaln,  Sl-f5h'loo,  or  Gydrgyo-Alfaln,  dySR'dyo-Sl- 
fSh'loo,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  45  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Maros-Vdsdrhely.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  5041. 

Alfandega  da  Fe,  41-fin-di'gi  da,  f4,  a  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  Serra  de  Bomes.    Pop.  1047. 

Alfaques,  il-fi'kfis,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  of  Tarragona,  on  the  Bay  of  Alfaques  {i.e.,  "the 
bay  of  the  sandbanks"),  in  the  Mediterranean,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Tortosa.     It  has  extensive  salt-works. 

Alfaro,  5,1-fl'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  the 
Ebro,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  5043. 

Alfayates,  il-fi-i'tfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1012. 

Alfdorf,  ilf  d6Rf,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  Gkrmany,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Welzheim.     Pop.  1600. 

Alfeld,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Ahlfeld. 

Alfianello,  S,l-fe-8.-nfil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Brescia,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Verola  Nuova.     Pop.  2140. 

Alflano-Natta,  ai-fe-4'no  nlt'ti,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Alessandria,  circle  of  Casale.     Pop.  1496. 

Alfidena,  il-fe-di'ni  (anc.  Aufide'na),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Aquila,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sulmona,  on  the 
Sangro.     Pop.  1711. 

Alfonsine,  M-fftn-see'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  near  Ra- 
venna ;  the  birthplace  of  Vincenzo  Monti.     Pop.  6969. 

Alfonte,  irfont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  railroad  from  Indianapolis  to  Anderson,  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  the  former.     Pop.  76. 

Alfooras,  il-foo'ris,  Aljfboroo,  ai-foo'roo,  Hara- 
fora,  hi-ri-fo'rJ,  or  Arafora,  4-rfl,-fo'r4,  a  name  of  prob- 
able Portuguese  origin,  meaning  "  foreigners,"  and  vaguely 
applied  to  the  rude  and  dark  or  black  races  of  men  inhab- 
iting the  remoter  parts  of  certain  of  the  Malay  islands. 
They  are  not  true  Malays,  but  their  languages  appear  to 
have  some  elements  in  common  with  the  Malay.  From  them 
the  Arafoora  Sea  takes  its  name. 

Alford,  ftl'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.N.B.  of  Boston.     Pop.  2880. 

Al'ford,  a  post -township  and  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lenox,  and  about  2  miles  from  the 
Kew  York  state  line.     It  has  1  church.     Pop.  430. 

Alford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Susquehanna  co.. 


Pa.,  in  Brooklyn  township,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
&  Western  Railroad. 

Alford's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Fla. 

Al'fordsville,  a  post- village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  about 
33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vincennes.     Pop.  128. 

Alfordsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Alfordsville  township,  9  miles  from  Red  Bank  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  2  stores  and  2  turpentine  distilleries.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1041. 

Alfoija,  41-foR'H4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  15 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2000. 

Alfort,  irfoR',  a  hamlet  of  France,  department  of 
Seine,  *5  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  576. 

Alfred,  41'fred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas, 
10  miles  W.  of  Baldwin  City. 

Alfred,  a  post-village,  capital  of  York  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Portland, 
and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  4  saw-mills.  The  township 
includes  a  Shaker  village.     Pop.  of  Alfred  township,  1224. 

Alfred,  or  Baker's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  station 
in  Alfred  township,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 67  miles  W.  of  Ehnira.  (Post-office,  Alfred.)  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  Alfred  Centre,  and  has  4 
cheese-factories  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1381. 

Alfred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in  Orange  town- 
ship, about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Marietta. 

Alfred  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  about  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Homellsville.  This  village  contains  a  church  and  the  Al- 
fred University  (Seventh-Day  Baptist),  also  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Alfreton,  il'fre-tpn,  a  market-town  and  parish  of 
England,  county  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Derby.  It  is 
supposed  to  derive  its  name  from  Alfred  the  Great.  The 
town  is  irregularly  built,  and  many  of  the  houses  are  very 
old.     Pop.  of  town,  3680. 

Alfs'Dorg,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  334. 

Algaba,  41-gfl,'B4,  or  Algabe,  il-gi'Bi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  3  miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1813. 

Algajola,  41-g4-yo'l4,  a  small  fortified  town  and  sea- 
port of  Corsica,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Calvi.     Pop.  159. 

Algan'see,  a  post-township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich., 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cold- 
water.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1492. 

Algarbia,  a  province  of  Portugal.     See  Algarve. 

Algarinejo,  al-g4-re-ni'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  48  milett 
W.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2650,  mostly  agricultural. 

Algarrobo,  il-gaR-Ro'bo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  4150. 

Algarve,  il-gaR'v4,  or  Algar'bia,  a  province  of  Por- 
tugal, formerly  a  kingdom  of  the  same  name,  conquered  by 
Alfonzo  III.  in  1251.  Area,  1872  sq.  m.  Pop.  204,037.  On 
its  N.  frontier  is  the  Serra  de  Monchique,  ramifications  of 
which  cover  most  of  its  surface.  In  the  S.  are  plains  yield- 
ing aloes,  dates,  and  other  tropical  products.  Some  wine  is 
grown,  also  com  and  forage.  Exports,  dried  fruits,  kermes, 
wine,  salt,  and  fish.     Chief  towns,  Tavira,  Faro,  and  Lagos. 

Algatocin,  4l-g4-to-theen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 46  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2225. 

Algan,  Allgau,  4KgSw,  or  AlgSlu,  4l'goy,  a  term 
applied  somewhat  vaguely  to  a  part  of  Upper  Swabia  (Ger- 
many), lying  near  the  lake  of  Constance,  in  Wiirtemberg 
and  Bavaria,  including  also  a  small  part  of  the  Vorarlberg, 
in  Austria.  Here  lie  the  Algduer-Alpen  (Alps  of  Algau),  a 
northern  prolongation  of  the  Rhsetian  Alps.  They  have  the 
river  Lech  on  the  E.,  the  Rhine  on  the  W.,  and  decline 
northward  into  the  Suabian  plateau.  The  highest  peaks 
are  in  Austrian  territory. 

Algayda,  41-ghi'd4,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1910. 

Algeciras,  or  Algeziras,  al-jez-ee'ras  (Sp.  pron.  of 
both,  41-H4-thee'r4s),  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Cadiz,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Gibraltar, 
opposite  to  and  6  miles  W.  of  Gibraltar.  Lat.  36°  8'  N.  ; 
Ion.  5°  26'  5"  W.  Pop.  14,229.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a 
well-frequented  harbor.  The  port  is  guarded  by  batteries, 
and  it  has  a  military  hospital.  The  town  is  supplied  with 
water  by  an  aqueduct.  Chief  trade,  export  of  charcoal, 
grain,  spirits,  stone,  aork,  and  leather.  It  was  the  scene  of 
a  sanguinary  naval  engagement  between  the  English  and 
French,  4th  July,  1801. 

Algemesi,  4I-H4-m4-see',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Valencia,  near  the  Jucar,   21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia. 
Chief  products,  rice  and  silk.     It  has  a  celebrated  annual  • 
fair  in  September.     Pop.  5500. 

Alger,  a  city  of  Africa.    See  Algiers. 


ALG 


461 


ALG 


Algei)  irzhair',  one  of  the  three  departments  into 
which  the  French  possession  of  Algeria  is  divided,  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E.  by  the  department 
of  Constantine,  and  W.  by  the  department  of  Oran.  The 
oasis  of  Ouargla  in  the  desert  of  Sahara  marks  its  S.  limit. 
It  has  a  coast-line  on  the  Mediterranean  of  about  230  miles, 
with  but  few  good  harbors.  Capital,  Algiers.  Area,  65,929 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  1,468,127. 

Algeria,  il-jee're-g,  (Fr.  Algirie,  irzhi^ree'),  a  French 
colonial  possession  on  the  N.  coast  of  Africa,  having  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  N.,  Tunis  on  the  E.,  and  Morocco 
on  the  W.,  while  to  the  S.  it  extends  to  about  30°.  Esti- 
mated area,  184,520  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  4,124,732. 
The  coast-line  extends  about  665  miles,  from  Cape  Koux,  on 
the  E.  (Ion.  8°  36'  E.),  to  about  2°  16'  W.  The  coast  is 
deficient  in  good  natural  harbors.  Between  the  sea  and  the 
Little  Atlas  ranges  extend  some  large  plains,  such  as  the 
Shellifif  and  the  Metidjah.  The  Little  Atlas  itself  is  a  con- 
fused and  irregular  succession  of  mountains  or  hills,  on  both 
sides  of  which  lies  the  Tell,  a  fertile  tract,  a  seat  of  the  Euro- 
pean agricultural  colonies.  The  name  Tell  often  designates 
the  whole  maritime  slope  of  the  country,  and  indeed  may 
oe  applied  to  any  arable  tract.  Next,  the  great  Plateau 
extends  from  E.  to  W.  across  the  country,  mountainous  in 
the  E.,  but  consisting  in  the  W.  of  great  saline  plains,  pro- 
ductive of  the  val-.;able  esparto  or  halfa  grass,  affording  salt 
and  pasturage,  and  having  some  very  fertile  basins.  S.  of 
the  Plateau  range  the  Grand  Atlas,  the  AurSs  group,  «fec., 
in  a  succession,  but  by  no  means  in  a  regular  chain.  In 
general,  these  slope  rapidly  southward  to  the  Sahara.  A 
remarkable  feature  of  the  desert,  shared  also  by  the  coast- 
plains  and  by  parts  of  the  great  Plateau,  is  the  presence  of 
Shott,  or  great  depressions,  sometimes  below  the  sea-level. 
These  commonly  afford  salt,  and  in  the  rainy  season  they 
sometimes  contain  shallow  lakes.  In  the  desert  there  are 
many  fertile  oases,  especially  near  the  mountains,  producing 
dates  and  other  fruit,  grain,  pasturage,  and  some  cotton. 
T!he  French  have  sunk  many  artesian  wells,  which  afford 
great  benefit  to  the  Sahara. 

The  rivers  are  small,  and  serviceable  chiefly  for  irriga- 
tion, those  of  the  S.  being  dry  in  summer ;  and  none  of  the 
Saharian  streams  reach  the  sea.  Towards  the  coast  are 
many  lakes  and  marshes,  some  of  which  have  been  drained 
of  late,  to  the  great  improvement  of  the  public  health.  The 
climate  is  variable.  Winter  in  the  mountains  is  often  severe. 
The  simoom  prevails  at  times  in  the  summer,  which  is  in 
many  parts  excessively  hot. 

The  mineral  productions  include  iron  ore  of  excellent 
quality,  argentiferous  lead  ore,  copper,  antimony,  zinc,  and 
mercury,  white,  green,  red,  and  gray  marbles,  salt,  plastic 
clay,  building-stone,  and  chalk.  Considerable  capital  is 
invested  in  mining.  Thermal  and  mineral  springs  abound. 
Fish,  fine  sponges,  and  red  coral  are  extensively  procured 
on  the  coasts.  Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  lion,  leop- 
ard, hyena,  fox,  jackal,  apes,  the  gazelle,  the  ostrich,  the  wild 
sheep,  the  wild  ox,  and  numerous  small  mammals.  Venomous 
serpents  abound.  Many  sheep,  horses,  and  camels  are  bred, 
^nd  the  ostrich  is  reared  to  some  extent  for  its  plumes. 
Haifa,  cork,  timber,  dates,  palmetto-fibre,  and  henna  are 
among  the  important  native  products.  Wheat,  barley, 
wool,  oil-seeds,  jujubes,  olives,  oil,  opium,  sugar,  cotton, 
flax,  oranges,  wine,  silk,  hides,  and  tobacco  are  produced, 
and  some  of  them  are  largely  exported. 

The  native  races  of  Algeria  include  the  Kabyles  or  Ber- 
bers, who  number  about  1,000,000,  speak  their  own  lan- 
guage, are  mostly  agriculturists  ana  non-nomadic,  and 
are  regarded  as  descendants  of  the  ancient  Numidians,- 
and  the  Arabs,  somewhat  more  numerous  than  the  Kabyles, 
and  speaking  the  Arabic  with  more  or  less  purity.  There 
are  also  considerable  numbers  of  Moors,  Jews,  and  negroes. 
All  the  natives,  except  the  Jews,  are  of  the  Moslem  faith. 
Algeria  is  divided  into  three  departments, — Alger,  Oran, 
and  Constantine, — formed  on  the  model  of  the  departments 
of  France  and  governed  by  a  civil  governor-general,  each 
department  being  divided  into  civil  districts  with  French 
justices,  and  military  territories  with  indigenous  Arab 
justices  appointed  by  the  French  military  government. 
The  original  European  colonists  were  mostly  French,  and 
in  1891,  of  the  total  population  (4,124,732),  there  were 
272,662  of  French  origin  or  naturalization,  3,567,223  in- 
digenous French  subjects,  47,667  naturalized  Jews,  14,500 
Spaniards,  besides  Tunisians,  Moroccans,  Italians,  Anglo- 
Maltese,  Germans,  <fcc.  In  1890  there  were  1910  miles  of 
railway  and  some  7000  miles  of  telegraph-wires  in  operation. 
Notwithstanding  the  turbulent  character  of  the  native  peo- 
ples and  the  severe  nature  of  the  French  administration,  it 
may  be  doubted  whether  the  country  was  ever  before  so  pros- 


perous as  at  present,  except  while  under  the  Roman  authority. 
At  that  time  it  was  one  of  the  granaries  of  the  world. 

After  the  fall  of  Rome,  this  region  was  successively  sub- 
ject to  Vandal,  Byzantine,  Saracen,  Kabyle,  and  Moorish 
sway.  The  expulsion  of  the  Moors  from  Spain  wiis  the  cause 
of  the  great  extension  of  Algerine  piracy.  The  pirate  Bar- 
barossa  may  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of  the  Algerine  state. 
In  the  16th  century  Algiers  claimed  Turkish  protection,  and 
acknowledged  the  supremacy  of  the  Porte,  and  the  country 
was  thenceforth  regarded  as  a  Turkish  regency,  but  it  was 
at  times  actually  independent.  In  later  years  the  ruler 
received  the  title  of  Dey.  Piracy  and  Christian  slavery 
were  important  sources  of  public  and  private  revenue,  and 
the  home  government  was  a  cruel  despotism.  In  1815  the 
United  States  navy  chastised  the  Algerines  and  compelled 
them  to  declare  the  American  flag  inviolable.  In  1816  a 
fleet  of  Dutch  and  English  ships  bombarded  Algiers,  and 
put  an  end  to  Christian  slavery.  In  1830  an  insult  offered 
the  French  consul  led  to  war  with  France,  and  the  conquest 
of  the  country  was  determined  upon.  This,  however,  was 
only  accomplished  after  many  years  of  bloody  war.  The 
name  Algirie  was  officially  proclaimed  in  1842,  and  in  1847 
Abd-el-Kader,  who  for  14  years  had  been  the  principal 
native  leader,  was  made  a  prisoner.  The  Kabyles,  and 
especially  the  Arabs,  frequently  revolted,  and  their  native 
valor  was  much  stimulated  by  hatred  for  an  alien  race  and 
by  religious  prejudices.  The  last  revolt  was  suppressed  in 
1871,  a  military  governor  was  nominated,  but  in  1879  was 
superseded  by  the  civil  governor.  Immigration  is  slow, 
and  the  expenses  to  France  are  much  greater  than  the  reve- 
nues.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Algerine,  iPj^r-een'. 

Algeria  de  Alava,  &l-H^'re-&  di  &'ld.-v&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Alava,  9  miles  E.  of  Vittoria.    Pop.  857. 

Algerie,  the  French  for  Algeria. 

Algerine,  Alg^rin,  Algerino.    See  Algiers. 

Algete,  il-H^'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Madrid, 
near  the  river  Jarama.     Pop.  1356. 

Algezares,  il-Hi-th&'res,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia. 
Pop.  2315.     It  exports  grain  and  fruit  to  Gibraltar. 

Algezeerah,  or  Algezirah.    See  Mesopotauia. 

Algeziras,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Algeciras. 

AJgezur,  or  A^ezur,  4l-zhi-zooR',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, 23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Vincent.     Pop.  2280. 

Alghero,  il-g^'ro,  or  Algheri,  &l-gi'ree,  a  fortified 
town  and  port  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  the  W.  coast,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Sassari.  Pop.  9839.  It  is  well  defended  next 
the  sea,  but  is  commanded  by  the  surrounding  mountains. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  convents,  and  public  schools.  The  port 
for  large  vessels  is  at  Porto  Corte,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Alghero. 
It  exports  wine,  grain,  wool,  skins,  anchovies,  coral,  Ac. 

Algiers,  41-jeerz'  (Arab.  Al-Jezair,  &l-ji-zaiR' ;  Fr. 
Alger,  iPzhalR' ;  Sp.  Argel,  aR-Hfil' ;  Port.  Argel,  an-zh^I' ; 
Ger.  Algier,  41'gheeR^ ;  It.  Algieri,  41-je-i'ree),  a  city  of 
North  Africa,  on  the  W.  side  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  47'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  4'  5"  E. 
Since  1831  it  has  been  the  capital  of  the  French  colonial 
province  of  Algeria.  It  is  built  on  the  N.  slope  of  Mount 
Bonzarea,  which  rises  about  500  feet  above  the  bay,  and  the 
houses  are  arranged  amphitheatrewise.  The  external  aspect 
of  the  city  is  exceedingly  imposing,  owing  not  only  to  its 
form  and  position,  but  also  to  the  whiteness  of  its  bouses, 
which  are  visible  at  a  great  distance.  Since  the  French  oc- 
cupation the  city  has  been  transformed  from  an  Oriental 
town  to  a  place  of  even  more  modem  aspect  than  many 
European  cities  exhibit,  having  wide  streets  and  boulevards, 
fine  open  squares  and  gardens,  and  splendid  public  build- 
ings, among  which  are  the  palaces  of  the  government  and 
of  tlie  archbishop,  the  public  library  and  museum,  the  grand 
mosque,  and  the  great  military  and  defensive  works.  The 
city  is  connected  by  railway  with  Oran ;  has  an  academy, 
lyceum,  and  many  school,  banks,  hospitals,  churches, 
mosques,  <&c.  A  considerable  quarter,  known  as  the  old 
town,  still  retains  many  Oriental  characteristics.  It  has 
numerous  fountains,  supplying  an  abundance  of  water  from 
the  aqueducts  and  reservoirs  above  the  town.  Algiers  is  the 
residence  of  the  governor-general  and  all  the  leading  officers 
of  the  Algerine  colony.  The  harbor  is  a  work  of  immense 
labor,  first  formed  by  Barbarossa  in  1530,  having  a  mole  580 
feet  in  length  by  140  in  width,  extending  from  the  main- 
land to  an  islet,  on  which  are  a  strong  castle,  with  batteries, 
and  a  light-house.  Three  long  jetties  have  been  added  by 
the  French,  and  there  are  grand  quays  and  docks  for  ship- 
ping. The  commerce  of  Algiers  has  risen  to  great  impor- 
tance J  and  it  has  become  the  entrep&t  of  four-fifths  of  the 
trade  with  France  and  other  European  countries,  as  well  as 
with  other  towns  of  the  province.  Pop.  in  1886,  74,792. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Alserine,  Al-jer-een'  (Fr.  Alg^rin, 


ALG 


462 


ALl 


4l'zhi'riN»' ;  Ger.  Algierisch,  il'ghee-rish  j  It.  Algerino, 
Al-ji-ree'no ;  Sp.  Argelino,  aR-Hi-lee'no). 

Algiers,  &l-jeerz',  a  village  of  Orleans  parish,  La.,  on  the 
8.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River  (which  here  runs  nearly 
east),  opposite  New  Orleans,  of  which  it  forms  the  5th  mu- 
nicipal district  and  the  1 5th  ward.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Southern  Pacific,  the  Texas  &  Pacific,  and  the  New  Orleans, 
Fort  Jackson  &  Grande  Isle  Railroads.  Ferry-boats  ply 
between  Algiers  and  New  Orleans.  Here  are  the  Southern 
Pacific  Iron  and  Car  Construction  Works,  and  several  ship- 
yards, dry-docks,  floating  docks,  railroad  machine-shops, 
boiler-shops,  Ac.  Algiers  has  11  churches.  Pop.  in  1880, 
8855;  in  1890,  10,811. 

Algoa  (al-go'a)  Bay,  an  extensive  bay  on  the  S.E. 
coa«t  of  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  between  Capes  Recife  and 
Padron,  425  miles  E.  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  It  is 
open  to  south  winds,  but  has  good  anchorage.  The  Sunday 
and  Baasher  Rivers  flow  into  the  bay,  and  at  the  mouth  of 
the  latter  is  Port  Elizabeth.  Lat.  of  Croix  Island,  in  the 
bay,  33°  47'  6"  S. ;  Ion.  25°  46'  7"  E. 

Algoada  Point,  coast  of  Malabar.    See  Alguada. 

Algodon,  Sl'go-don\  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Saranac. 

Algodonales,  il-go-Do-ni'lfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  de  Lijar,  49  miles  N.E. 
of  Cadiz.     Pop.  3393. 

Algodones,  il-go-do'nfiz,  a  small  village  of  New  Mex- 
ico, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  38  miles  S.W.  of 
Santa  F6.     It  has  a  church. 

Algo'ma,  a  fertile  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Rockford.     Pop.  (1880)  2100. 

Algoma,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.  Pop.  789, 
exclusive  of  Oshkosh,  of  which  city  the  former  village  of 
Algoma  forms  a  part. 

Algoma,  a  district  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Ontario,  on 

Lakes  Huron  and  Superior.     It  contains  rich  copper-  and 

■  silver-mines,   and  is   watered  by  many  streams.      Area, 

43,150  square  miles.     Pop.  7018,  chiefly  Indians.     It  is  the 

diocese  of  a  bishop  (Episcopalian). 

Algo'na,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Iowa 
&  Dakota  division  of  the  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
62  miles  W.  of  Mason  City,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Fort 
Dodge.  Three  weekly  papers  are  published  here.  Algona 
has  9  churches,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  wagons 
and  carriages,  slat  and  wire  fence,  creamery-butter,  and 
furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  2068. 

APgonac',  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Clay  township,  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  about  36  miles  N.E, 
of  Detroit,  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 'union 
school,  and  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  764, 

Algon'qnin,  or  Algon'kin,  a  nation  of  Indians,  who, 
on  the  first  settlement  of  the  Europeans,  possessed  an  ex- 
tensive domain  along  the  N,  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
The  entire  nation  at  present  does  not  number  above  600.  In 
a  larger  sense,  and  according  to  the  more  common  use,  the 
name  Algonquin  is  applied  to  the  great  family  or  stock  of 
Indian  tribes  which  occupied  all  the  country  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi to  the  Atlantic  north  of  the  Ohio  and  southeastward 
to  Cape  Fear,  but  excluding  the  Iroquois,  Winnebagoes, 
and  a  few  others.  To  this  stock  belong  many  Canadian 
tribes,  also  the  Blackfeet  and  Cheyennes  of  the  far  West. 
_  Algonquin,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  finely 
situated  in  Algonquin  township,  on  the  Fox  River  and  the 
Fox  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  3  flouring-mills,  and  several  butter-  and  cheese- 
factories.  Pop.  of  township,  2167.  It  contains  also  the 
village  of  Crystal  Lake. 

Algonquin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  5  miles  S.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Algonquin,  or  Wright's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  from  Maitland.     Pop.  100. 

Al'good,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C, 

Alguada  or  Algoada  (il-gwi'di)  Point,  on  the 
coast  of  Malabar,  forming  the  N,  extremity  of  Goa  Bay. 
Lat,  15°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  50'  E. 

Algnnd,  il'goond,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  province 
of  Tyrol,  near  Meran.     Pop.,  with  district,  1468. 

Algyo,  old'yo,  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of  Csongrad, 
in  the  Theiss,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  2814. 

Algyogy,  old'yodj,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Karlsburg.     Pop.  6051. 

Al-Hadhr,  il-hid'r'  (anc.  Ha'tra),  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Mesopotamia,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mosul, 
having  a  circular  space  1  mile  in  diameter  enclosed  by  a 
hastioned  wall,  and  many  remains  of  buildings  and  tombs. 


Alhama,  41-S.'mi  or  il-hi'mi  ("the  bath"),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Granada.  Pop. 
6290.  It  has  ruins  of  Moorish  walls,  and  near  it  are  the 
warm  baths  whence  its  Arabic  name. 

Alhama,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Murcia, 
with  a  hospital,  a  ruined  castle,  and  warm  baths.    Pop.  3642. 

Alhambra,  the  Moorish  palace.     See  Granada. 

Alhambra,  &l-h&m'br&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas^ 
tile,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  840. 

Alhambra,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  miles  S.W,  of  Sara- 
gossa,  on  the  Jalon,  with  celebrated  mineral  springs  and 
baths,  the  A'qum  Bilhilita'nm  of  the  Romans.    Pop,  600, 

Alham'bra,  a  thriving  post-borough  of  Los  Angeles 
co,,  Cal,,  in  a  fine  fruit-growing  region,  7  miles  by  rail  N,E. 
of  Los  Angeles,  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  convent,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  extensive  wineries.    Pop.  in  1890,  808. 

Alhambra,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  in  Al- 
hambra township,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Edwardsville. 
It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Alhandra,  &l-&n'dr&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lisbon,  haa 
large  fisheries,  salt-works,  Ac.     Pop.  2000. 

Alhandra,  &l-&n'dr&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Parana-Iba. 

Alhaurin  de  la  Torre,  &l-ow-reen'  d&  1&  toR'Ri,  a 
town  of  Spain,  Granada,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Malaga.  Pop.  3426, 

Alhaurin  el  Grande,  &l-dw-reen'  el  gr&n'd^,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  20  miles  W,  from  Malaga,  There 
are  4  squares,  a  town-house,  hospital,  numerous  fountains, 
remains  of  an  Arab  fortification  and  of  a  Roman  aqueduct, 
also  marble-,  freestone-,  and  granite-quarries.     Pop.  6781. 

Alhendin,  &l-£n-deen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
on  the  Dilar,  6  miles  S,W,  of  Granada.     Pop.  2275. 

Alhucema8,&l-oo-th4'm3,s,  a  small  island  fortress  and 
prison-settlement  belonging  to  Spain,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
on  the  coast  of  Morocco,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Morro.  Lat. 
35°  16'  N.;  Ion.  4°  12'  E.     Pop.  311. 

Ali,  i'lee,  an  ancient  town  of  Sicily,  15  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Messina,  with  sulphur  baths.     Pop.  2582. 

Alia,  &'le-&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Logrosan.     Pop.  2225. 

Alia,  i-lee'i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  34  miles 
S.E.  of  Palermo,     Pop,  4562. 

Ali-Abad,  i'lee-a-bid'  {i.e.,  "the  abode  or  city  of 
Ali"),  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  85  miles  N,E,  of 
Kashan,  with  500  houses.     Near  it  is  a  royal  residence. 

Ali-Abad,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the 
Caspian  Sea,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Amol. 

Ali-Abad,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  65  miles 
N.E.  of  Tabreez.  Ali-Abad  is  the  name  of  several  other 
villages  in  Asia. 

Aliaga,  &-Ie-&'g&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  on  the 
Guadalupe,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1074. 

Aliano,  i-le-3,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Potenza, 
43  miles  S.W.  of  Matera.     Pop.  1760. 

Aliaska,  &-le-is'k&,  sometimes  written  Aliashka,  a 
peninsula  of  Alaska  (which  see),  extending  some  450  miles 
into  the  Pacific,  with  an  average  breadth  of  25  miles.  It  is 
mountainous,  with  volcanic  peaks.  Its  people  are  of  the 
Innuit  or  Esquimaux  stock,  and  number  about  3000. 

Ali-Boghan,  i'lee-bo^gin',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  10 
miles  E.  of  Jelalabad,  at  an  elevation  of  1900  feet. 

Alibunar,  i-le-boo-nar',  or  Alibaunar,  5,-le-bo-nar', 
a  town  of  Croatia,  16  miles  N.N.E,  of  Pancsova,  on  the 
borders  of  a  great  sandy  plain,  and  near  marshes  partly 
drained.  It  has  saltpetre-works,  and  mills  turned  by  horse 
power.     A  canal  connects  it  with  Versecz.     Pop.  3706. 

Ali- Bunder,  i'lee-biin'd§r,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the 
Goonee,  in  its  delta,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Alicante,  i-le-k&n'ti  or  al-e-kant'  (anc.  Lvcen'tum),  a 
city  and  seaport  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  the  same  name,  at  the  head  of  an  extensive  bay, 
having  Cape  la  Huertas  at  its  N.E.  extremity,  and  Cape 
Santa  Pola  on  the  S.,  12  miles  apart.  It  lies  in  lat.  38° 
20'  7"  N.,  Ion.  0°  26'  W.,  at  the  base  of  a  rocky  eminence 
400  feet  high,  surmounted  by  a  strong  castle,  which  over- 
looks it  and  commands  the  bay.  It  is  well  built ;  has  clean, 
well-paved  streets,  and  lofty  and  substantial  stone  houses, 

Erovided  with  terraces  and  verandas.  It  has  three  general 
ospitals,  a  military  hospital,  a  lying-in  hospital,  orphan- 
asylum,  and  house  of  mercy,  a  college,  a  theatre,  several 
extensive  storehouses,  public  baths,  and  8  fountains;  but 
the  water  is  not  good,  being  impregnated  with  the  salts  of 
magnesia.  Its  manufactures  consist  largely  of  tobacco, 
esparto  cordage  and  matting.  The  chief  exports  are  wine, 
fruits,  esparto,  liquorice,  and  canary-seed.  The  govern- 
ment has  here  a  cigar-factory,  which  employs  more  thai 


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2200  women;  and  a  British  company  has  established  in 
the  neighborhood,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Molinet,  works  for 
smelting  and  refining  the  ores  from  the  mines  of  Murcia. 
The  city  is  the  chief  port  of  Valencia,  and  has  many  French 
and  English  resident  merchants.  The  harbor  of  Alicante 
is  only  a  roadstead  in  a  deep  bay,  small  vessels  alone  being 
able  to  approach  the  quay.  The  mole  has  been  greatly  ex- 
tended. Alicante  is  situated  on  a  railway,  about  125  miles 
S.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  42,500. 

Alicante^  a  province  of  Spain,  formed  in  1834  of  the 
S.  part  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Valencia  and  a  small 
part  of  Murcia.  Area,  2868  square  miles.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, producing  wine,  sugar,  rice,  oranges,  citron,  figs,  and 
other  fruits.     Pop.  436,500. 

Alicata,  i,-le-k&'t&,  or  Licata,  le-kS,'t&,  a  seaport  of 
Sicily,  on  its  southern  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Salso 
River  into  the  Mediterranean,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Girgenti. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Canicatti-Licati  Railway,  has  a 
technical  school,  and  exports  wine,  grain,  and  much  brim- 
itone,  more  than  30,000  tons  of  the  last  named  being  some- 
times shipped  per  annum.     Pop.  18,500.  , 

Alice,  al'iss,  a  post- village  of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  42  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Corpus  Christi.     Pop.  400. 

Alice  Castello,  i-lee'chi  kis-til'lo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Novara.     Pop.  1852. 

Alice  Superiore,  i-lee'chi  soo-p^-ree-o'ri,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin,  7  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1050. 

Aliceton,  al'is-tQn,  a  post-office  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  at 
North  Fork  Station  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louis- 
▼ille  &  Nashville  Railroad. 

Alicia,  a-lish'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  South- 
«m  Railroad,  107  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  3  miles 
from  Black  River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Alicadi,  i-le-koo'dee  (anc.  Ericu'aa),  the  westernmost 
of  the  Lipari  Islands.  It  is  conical  in  form,  6  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, and  rises  abruptly  from  the  sea.  It  produces 
«ulphur,  fruits,  and  palms.     Pop.  450. 

Ali'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clinton 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City.  It  is  a 
fihipping-point  for  grain. 

Alida,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Geary  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Republican  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City,  on 
the  Junction  City  <fc  Fort  Kearney  Railroad. 

Alife,  i-lee'f4  (anc.  Alli'fse  or  Alli'pha),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Caserta,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3201. 

Aligaum,  il-e-gaum',  a  town  of  British  India,  Nizam's 
■dominions,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Ellichpoor. 

Al'igerville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rochester 
township,  7  miles  from  Rosendale.     It  has  2  churches, 

Ali-Ghez,  a  mountain  of  Armenia.    See  Alaghez. 

Alighnr,  i^e-gur'  (native  Aligarh),  a  district  of  India, 
Meerut  division,  North-West  Provinces,  lat.  27°29'-28°  10' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  55°  32'  30"-58°  42'  30"  E.  Area,  1954  square 
miles.  It  lies  between  the  Ganges  and  the  Jumna.  Cap- 
ital, Coel.     Pop.  1,073,106. 

Alighur,  or  Allyghur,  a  fortress  of  India,  on  the 
Calcutta-Delhi  Railway,  82  miles  from  Delhi,  and  adjacent 
to  the  city  of  Coel. 

AIignnge,or  Alligunge,  &rie-giinj'  (native  AliganJ), 
a.  town  of  India,  district  of  Etah,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Futtehghur. 
Pop.  7912.    See  also  Ai.laqunqk. 

Alignnge,  or  Se^wan',  or  Alignnge-Sewan, 
written  also  Aligaiy-Sewan,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  dis- 
trict, province  of  Bahar,  India,  on  the  navigable  river  Daha, 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Chuprah.  It  manufactures  excellent  pottery 
and  bronze.     Pop.  11,099. 

Alijo,  i-lee'zho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  15  miles  E.  of  Villa 
Real.     Pop.  1672. 

Alijos  (i-lee'Hos)  Rocks,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  24°  58' 
N.,  Ion.  115°  48'  W.,  about  200  miles  W.  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.    They  are  112  feet  high. 

Alila,  i-lee'li,  a  station  in  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Tulare. 

Alimena,  3,-le-mA'n4,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Sicily,  52 
•miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4580. 

Ali-Mohan,  in  India.    See  Ali-Rajpoor. 

Aline,  a-leen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Aline  Loch,  3,-leen'  Iok,  a  small  arm  of  the  sea,  in 
Argyleshire,  Scotland,  3i  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile  broad. 

Alingo,  the  ancient  name  of  Langon. 

Alingsaes,  i'ling-sis',  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  a  railway, 
32  miles  S.AV.  of  Wenersborg.     Pop.  1837. 


Alipee,  Alepe,  Allepee,  Alipi,  ir^-pee',  AlUa- 
pee',  Ala^polai',  or  Aulapolay,  aw-li'po-li',  a  town 
of  India,  in  Travancore,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  32  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Cochin.  Lat.  9°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  25'  E.  A  canal 
connects  it  with  the  Backwater,  a  large  coast-lake.  The 
town  has  a  large  trade  in  teak,  cardamoms,  and  pepper. 
Pop.  about  10,000. 

AlUpoor',  a  southern  suburb  of  Calcutta,  British  India, 
on  the  Hoogly.  It  contains  Belvedere  House,  the  residence 
of  the  lieutenant-governor,  barracks,  and  a  great  peniten- 
tiary. 

Ali-Rajpoor,  i'le-rij-poor',  or  Ali-Mohan,  i'le- 
mo^hin',  a  native  state  of  Rajpootana,  India,  is  33  miles  long 
and  31  broad.  Area,  708  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a 
rajah,  tributary  to  the  British.    Cap.,  Rajpoor.    Pop.  69,384. 

Alisal,  a  township  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  2723. 

Alise-Sainte-Reine,  i^leez'-s4Nt-r4ne',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  C6te-d'0r,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Semur, 
with  iron-mines  and  mineral  waters  in  its  vicinity.  This 
is  the  ancient  Ale'aia,  described  by  Caesar  {Bell.  Gallio.hh. 
vii.),  and  taken  by  him  from  Vercingetorix.     Pop.  786. 

Alisonia,  a  hamlet  of  Virginia.     See  Allisonia. 

Alitak  (il'e-t&k^)  jBay,  Alaska,  enters  Kadiak  Island 
from  the  S.W.,  between  Capes  Alitak  and  Trinity. 

Aliwal,  Sll-e-wir,  a  village  in  Northwestern  India, 
near  the  Sutlej,  N.W.  of  Loodianah.  Here,  on  the  28th  of 
January,  1846,  General  Sir  H.  Smith,  with  about  12,000 
troops,  totally  defeated  a  Sikh  army  of  double  that  number. 

Alixan,  iUix^6N°'  (L.  Alexia'num),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Dr6me,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1952. 

Al-Jezair,  a  city  of  Africa.    See  Algiers. 

Al- Jezeereh,  or  Al- Jezira.    See  Mesopotamia. 

Aljezur,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Algezur. 

Aljubarrota,  8,l-zhoo-baR-Ro't4,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Estremadura,  15  miles  S.W,  of  Leiria,  on  the  summit  of 
a  mountain.  In  the  neighborhood,  John  I.  of  Portugal 
obtained  a  signal  victory  over  John  I.,  King  rf  Castile, 
August  14,  1385.     Pop.  2707. 

Aljustrel,  il-zhoo-strfil',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Alemtejo,  77  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Beja,  in  an  oasis  of  the  barren  Campo  de  Beja.     Pop.  2185. 

Al-Kaisareeyeh,  or  Al-Kaisseria,  il-ki-ser-ee'- 
yi,  a  town  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Morocco,  not  far  from  Al- 
cazar Kebeer.     Pop.  about  8000,  of  which  500  are  Jews. 

Al'kali,  a  station  in  Keith  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  on  the  S.  Platte,  20  miles  E.  of  Ogalalla. 

Alkali  Lake,  a  small  lake,  with  no  outlet,  in  Iron  co., 
Utah,  about  lat.  37°  40'  N.,  Ion.  113°  10'  W. 

Al-Katif,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  El  Katif. 

Aiken,  il'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  railway  from  Landen  to  Hasselt,  4  miles  S.  of 
Hasselt.     Pop.  2900. 

Alkmaar,  or  Alckmaer,  alk-m&R'  (L.  Alema'ria),  an 
old  and  important  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Hol- 
land, on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Amsterdam,  and  5 
miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  62°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  44'  E.  Alk- 
maar  is  a  clean  and  regularly  built  town,  intersected  by 
small  canals,  the  banks  of  which  are  planted  with  trees.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort,  and  of  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce; is  well  supplied  with  educational  and  scientific  in- 
stitutions, having,  besides  public  schools,  a  Latin  school,  a 
drawing-school,  a  school  of  clinical  medicine,  a  natural  his- 
tory and  literary  society,  a  gymnasium,  a  library,  a  society  of 
science  and  art,  <fec.  Alkmaar  possesses  a  roomy  haven,  and 
carries  on  a  considerable  export  trade  in  butter  and  cheese, 
the  quantity  of  the  latter  sold  annually  in  the  town  being 
upwards  of  4000  tons.  This  cheese  is  exported  to  all  parts 
of  Europe,  to  the  West  Indies,  and  to  South  America.  The 
manufactures  consist  of  salt,  soap,  vinegar,  earthenware, 
leather,  and  parchment.  Its  successful  defence  against  the 
Spaniards  in  1573  gave  rise  to  the  saying,  "  Victory  begins 
at  Alkmaar."     Pop.  in  1890,  15,854. 

Al-Kosh,  irkosh',  a  walled,  fortified  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  in  Koordistan,  15  miles  N.  of  Mosul.  Near  it, 
among  the  mountains,  is  a  Chaldean  convent.     Pop.  3000. 

Alkoven,  or  Alkaven,  il-k5v'en,  a  village  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Danube,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  EflTerding.  Pop., 
with  commune,  3200. 

Al-Ksar,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Alcazar  Kebeer. 

Allada,  il-li'dl,  a  town  of  Dahomey,  35  miles  N.  of 
Whydah,  between  two  large  lakes.     Pop.  8000. 

Allagunge,  iri4-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  North-Weat 
Provinces,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Furruckabad.  Pop.  5000.  See 
also  Aligunge. 

Al'lah,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Texas. 

Allahabad,  ai-li-hi-bid'  (i.e.,  the  "city  of  God"), 
an  ancient  city  of  Hindostan,  capital  of  the  North-  West  Prov- 


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inces,  situated  near  the  junction  of  the  Ganges  and  Jumna, 
450  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Calcutta,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways.  Lat.  25°  25'  26"  N. ;  Ion.  81°  51'  1"  E.  The  town 
was  originally  built  of  brick,  and  its  antiquity  and  former 
extent  are  attested  by  the  fact  that  for  several  miles  around 
the  fort  the  soil  consists  of  mortar,  broken  pottery,  and 
brickdust.  Among  the  remarkable  buildings  are  the  fort, 
the  Jumma  Musjid,  or  principal  mosque,  the  serai  of  the 
Saltan  Khusro,  and  the  imperial  tombs.  The  fort  com- 
pletely commands  the  navigation,  and  is  the  chief  military 
depot  for  the  upper  provinces.  Allahabad  is  the  seat  of  a 
superior  court  of  justice,  and  has  a  school  at  which  native 
pupils  are  taught  Persic,  Hindostanee,  Ac.  P.  (1891)  175,246. 

Allahabad,  a  division  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
British  India,  comprising  the  districts  of  Allahabad,  Cawn- 
poor,  Futtehpoor,  Humeerpoor,  Banda,  and  Jounpoor.  Pop. 
( 1891)  5,757,121.  Allahabad  District  is  in  lat.  24°  49'- 
25°  44'  N.,  Ion.  81°  14'-82°  26'  E.  Area,  2802  square 
mUes.    Capital,  Allahabad.     Pop.  (1891)  1,548,737. 

AUah-shehr,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ala-Shehb. 

Al'lain,  now  called  Port  Al'Ien,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  West  Baton  Rouge  parish,  La.    See  Port  Allen. 

Allain,  &IM^n',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  about  10  miles  S.E  of  Nancy. 

Allaire,  ilMAR',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  26  miles  E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2252. 

Allaire,  ariair',  a  post-oflBce  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
and  a  station  on  the  Farmingdale  &  Squan  Village  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Seagirt. 

Al^lamakee',  or  Allamakee',  the  most  northeastern 
county  of  Iowa,  borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  615 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  is  intersected  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  which  runs- 
northeastward,  and  also  drained  by  Yellow  River  and  Paint 
Creek.  The  surface  presents  picturesque  scenery,  diversified 
with  prairies,  bluflfs,  and  forests.  The  Upper  Iowa  flows 
through  a  narrow  winding  valley  bordered  by  bluflfs  which 
rise  nearly  400  feet  above  the  river.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  butter,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  abundant  here.  The  rocks 
which  underlie  the  most  of  the  county  are  fine  Trenton 
limestone  and  dolomitio  or  magnesian  limestone,  both  Lower 
Silurian.  The  former  is  a  good  building-stone,  and  contains 
94  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime.  The  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad  traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  Cap- 
ital, Waukon.     Pop.  in  1880,  19,791 ;  in  1890,  17,907. 

AlMamead',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Al'Iamoore,orAl'lamore,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Paso 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande  division  of  the  Texas  A  Pacific 
Railway,  106  miles  E.S.E.  of  El  Paso. 

AIMamn'chee,  or  AlMamu'chy,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  35  miles  W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a 
church,  and  mines  of  iron. 

Allan,  al'lan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  county  of  Perth, 
joins  the  Forth  2  miles  above  Stirling.     Length,  18  miles. 

Allan,  ilMftijo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Dr8me,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Mont61imar.     Pop.  1100. 

Allan,  Bridge  of.    See  Bridge  op  Allak. 

Al'lanburg,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Welland  Canal,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  St.  Catharines. 
Pop,  300. 

Allan che,  iPlftNsh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Cantal,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Murat.     Pop.  2056. 

Alland,  &l'I&nd,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Baden.     Pop.  1250. 

Ariandale',  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  4  miles 
from  Lulah  Railroad  Station. 

AlMandale'  Mills,  or  Lang,  a  post-village  in  Peter- 
borough CO.,  Ontario,  on  Indian  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Peterborough.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  carding- 
mill,  and  a  hoop-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Allapaha,  or  Alapaha,  al-lap'a-haw,  a  river  of 
Georgia,  rises  in  the  S.  central  part  of  the  state.  It  runs 
nearly  southward  through  a  level  s«idy  tract,  passes  into 
Florida,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River,     Length,  180  miles. 

Allapaha,  or  Alapaha,  a  thriving  post-village  of 
Berrien  co..  Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad,  112 
miles  W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  chairs,  lumber,  blinds,  Ac. 

Allapee,  a  town  of  Hindostan.     See  Alipee. 

AUapntty,  or  Allapatti,  irii-piit'tee,  an  island  at 
the  extreme  N.  of  Ceylon,  and  near  the  isle  of  Jaffna.  It 
is  covered  with  palms,  and  is  inhabited  by  Malabar  fisher- 
men.    Pop.  1800.     Lat.  9°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  2'  E. 

Al'lard's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
^i  miles  from  Walden  Station. 


Allariz,  &l-y&-reeth',  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in  QaJi- 
cia,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Orense.     Pop.  1760. 

Allarmont,  iriaR^m6N«',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vosges,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Dig.     Pop.  816. 

Allass  (il-14ss')  Strait  is  between  the  islands  of  Lom- 
bok  and  Sumbawa,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago.  Length, 
about  50  miles ;  breadth,  at  the  narrowest  part,  9  miles. 

Allassac,  in&s^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Correze,  15  miles  W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1248. 

Airatoo'na,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bartow  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Western  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Atlanta.  It  is  near  the  Allatoona  Pass,  where  General 
J.  E.  Johnston  made  a  stand  in  May,  1864,  when  pursued 
by  General  Sherman,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery.  A  battle  was  fought  here  October  5, 1864,  between 
the  Union  forces  under  General  Corse  and  the  Confederates 
under  General  French. 

Allanch,  iriosh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Bouchea-du-Rhdne,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1386. 
Alla-Yar-ka-Tanda,  or  Alli-Yar-ka-'Tanda, 
ll-le-yar-ki-t4n^di,  a  town  of  Sinde,  20  miles  E.  of  Hyder- 
abad. Pop.  8500.'  It  has  cotton  manufactures  and  dye-works. 
Alle,  iri§h,  a  river  of  East  Prussia,  falls  into  the  Pregel 
27  miles  above  Konigsberg.     Its  length  is  about  115  miles. 
All^e  Blanche,  &ri&'  bl&xsh  (i.e.,  the  "  white  pas- 
sage"), a  lofty  valley  of  Italy,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Mont  Blanc  chain.     It  owes  its  name  to  the  deep  snow  with 
which  it  is  always  covered  even  in  summer. 

Al'legan,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Michigan,  haa 
an  area  of  about  835  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  intersected  by  Kalamazoo  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  county.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  sugar-maple,  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  tulip-tree.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  Capital,  Alle- 
gan. Pop.  in  1870, 32,105 ;  in  1880,  37,815  ;  in  1890, 38,961. 
Allegan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  a  farm- 
ing section,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons,  and  5  miles  W.  of 
Pollard. 

Allegan,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  is  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion, in  Allegan  township,  and  on  the  Kalamazoo  division 
of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  160 
miles  W.  of  Detroit,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  The  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad  connects  it  with  Grand  Haven.  Large  quantities 
of  lumber  sawn  in  Allegan  co.  are  shipped  at  this  place. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  public  library, 
several  flouring-mills,  planing-mills,  and  saw-mills,  an  iron- 
foundry,  woollen-mill,  and  car-works,  10  churches,  high 
and  ward  schools,  superior  hotels,  and  manufactures  of 
straw-paper.  It  is  supplied  with  water  by  the  Holly  system, 
and  has  extensive  water-power,  which  is  employed  in 
several  mills.  Pop.  in  1880,  2305;  in  1890,  2669;  of  the 
township,  in  1890,  3983. 

Allegany,  a  county  of  New  York.  See  Alleghakt. 
Alleghany,*  al-le-gi'nee,  a  river  of  the  United  States, 
a  branch  of  the  Ohio,  rises  in  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  and,  turning 
northward,  makes  an  extensive  detour  in  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.  Having  re-crossed  the  northern  boundary  of  Penn- 
sylvania, it  runs  southwestward  through  the  oil  region  to 
Franklin,  Venango  co.  From  this  point  it  flows  southeast- 
ward to  the  mouth  of  Mahoning  Creek,  below  which  it  pur- 
sues a  southwest  course  through  Armstrong  and  Alleghany 
COS.  until  it  unites  with  the  Monongahela  at  Pittsburg. 
The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the  Ohio  River. 
The  length  of  the  Alleghany  is  perhaps  350  miles.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  it  200  miles  or  more  from  Pittsburg. 
This  river  traverses  a  hilly  country,  in  which  bituminous 
coal,  petroleum,  and  pine  timber  are  abundant. 


*  It  is  much  to  be  desired  that  a  uniform  orthography  of  thla 
name  should  be  adopted.  In  New  York  it  is  commonly  written 
Allegany,  in  Pennsylvania,  Allegheny,  and  in  Virginia  and  the 
Southern  States,  Alleghany,  though  nearly  all  of  the  works  on  general 
geography,  even  those  published  in  New  York  and  Pennsylvania, 
spell  the  name  Alleghany.  The  impropriety,  not  to  say  absurdity, 
of  this  discrepancy  in  the  spelling  of  this  name  will  be  seen  by 
referring  to  a  representation  of  New  Yorlc  and  Pennsylvania  on 
the  same  map.  We  shall  there  find  at  times  one  and  the  same  river 
named  Allegheny  near  its  source,  while  lower  down,  for  the  distance 
of  some  40  or  60  miles,  it  is  Allegany,  and  then  again  A'.leghetiy  for 
the  rest  of  its  course.  If  we  have  occasion  to  speak  of  the  moun- 
tains, we  must,  according  to  this  method,  call  them  Allegany  In  B 
description  of  New  York ;  Allegheny  in  an  article  on  Pennsylvania; 
and  Alleghany  in  treating  of  Virginia  or  any  of  the  Southern  o? 
Westem  States. 


ALL 


465 


ALL 


Alleghany,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Maryland, 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Potomac  River  and  its  North 
Branch.  The  main  Alleghany  Mountain  traverses  this 
county,  the  surface  of  which  is  also  diversified  by  other 
high  ridges.  Here  occur  broad  fertile  valleys  called  (/lades, 
which  are  adapted  to  pasturage  and  supply  superior  butter 
and  mutton.  Among  the  mineral  resources  are  bituminous 
coil,  iron  ore,  limestone,  and  sandstone.  In  some  years  over 
2,000,000  tons  of  excellent  coal  are  mined  in  the  Cumberland 
district  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Cumberland.  In  1872  the  dimen- 
sions of  this  county  were  reduced  by  the  formation  of  Gar- 
rett CO,  Present  area,  477  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
38,536;  in  1880,  30,012;  in  1890,  41,671. 

Alleghany*  or  Allegany,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  New  York,  bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of 
about  1060  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Genesee 
River,  which  runs  northward,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Canisteo  River  and  Angelica  and  Canaseraga  Creeks,  The 
surface  is  elevated  and  hilly,  with  several  deep  ravines. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  pine, 
sugar-maple,  &c.,  cover  more  than  one-third  of  the  county. 
The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  oats, 
cattle,  lumber,  butter,  milk,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Devonian  sandstones  of  the  Portage  and  Chemung  groups 
crop  out  here.  Some  of  these  are  used  for  building-stones 
and  grindstones.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Erie 
Railroad  and  the  Genesee  Canal.  Capitals,  Belmont  and 
Angelica.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,814;  in  1880,  41,810;  in  1890, 
43,240. 

Alleghany,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  284  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  New  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  Blue 
Ridge,  one  of  the  Alleghanies,  extends  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  the  county.  The  soil  produces  some  Indian  corn, 
oats,  Ac,  Capital,  Sparta.  Pop,  in  1870,  3691;  in  1880, 
6486;  in  1890,  6523. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  The 
Alleghany  and  Monongahela  Rivers  unite  near  the  middle 
of  the  county  and  form  the  Ohio,  which  traverses  the  N.W. 
part.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Youghiogheny  River  and 
Chartiers  and  Turtle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
hills,  valleys,  and  deep  ravines,  and  presents  beautiful 
scenery.  The  soil  of  the  S.E,  part  is  based  on  limestone 
and  is  very  fertile.  Oats,  maize,  hay,  butter,  wool,  potatoes, 
horses,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Pitts- 
burg, Pop.  in  1870,  262,204;  in  1880,  355,869;  in  1890, 
651,959. 

Alleghany,  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about 
510  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Jackson's  River,  a 
branch  of  the  James  River,  On  the  E.  border  of  the  county 
the  Cowpasturo  and  Jackson's  Rivers  unite  to  form  the 
James.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains  and  fertile 
valleys,  and  the  main  ridge  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains 
extends  along  the  N.W.  border.  The  Red  Sweet  Springs 
are  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Covington.  Pop.  in  1870,  3674; 
in  1880,  5586;  in  1890,  9283. 

Alleghany,  a  post- village  and  mining-camp  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal,,  on  Kanaka  Creek,  about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marys- 
ville.     Pop,  277. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegany,  a  post-village  of  Cattarau- 
gus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Now 
York,  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  and  the  Western  New  York  <fc 
Pennsylvania  Railroads,  60  miles  E.S.B.  of  Dunkirk.  It 
contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  sash-factory,  and  a  tannery, 
St.  Bonaventure's  College  (Roman  Catholic),  and  a  convent ; 
also  2  hotels.     Pop,  in  1890  of  the  township,  3611, 

Alleghany,  a  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N,C.   Pop,  436. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny),  a  city  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  opposite  Pittsburg,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  several  handsome  bridges.  It  is  the  S.W. 
terminus  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad,  and  is  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  It  has 
many  fine  residences,  numerous  and  extensive  iron-  and 
steel-works,  including  rolling-mills,  locomotive-  and  ma- 
chine-shops, and  foundries,  also  several  cotton-  and  woollen- 
mills,  and  manufactories  of  leather,  flour,  beer,  salt,  Ac. 
Alleghany  is  the  seat  of  three  theological  schools,  viz.,  the 
Western  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
established  is  1827 ;  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  United 
Presbyterians,  established  in  1826,  and  the  Alleghany  The- 
ological Institute  (Reformed  Presbyterian),  organized  in 
1840.  There  is  also  the  Western  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, first  established  in  Pittsburg  in  1819,  but  removed 
to  its  fine  edifice  in  this  city  about  1888,  and  here  is  the 


Alleghany  Astronomical  Observatory,  famed  for  its  original 
work  and  discoveries  in  solar  physios.  Other  institutions 
of  note  are  the  Carnegie  Free  Library  of  granite,  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $250,000,  with  its  music  hall  and  art  gallery, 
and  the  "Riverside  Penitentiary"  (late  the  Western),  lo- 
cated on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio.  There  are  also  nearly  60 
churches,  4  national  banks,  4  savings-banks,  several  state 
and  private  banks,  a  house  of  industry,  a  widow's  home, 
and  several  convents  and  orphanages,  a  fine  park  (contain- 
ing 100  acres),  water- works,  and  street-railways.  Pop,  in 
1860,  28,702;  in  1870,  53,180;  in  1880,  78,682;  in  1890, 
106,287. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2668,  exclusive  of  Aladdin  and  Leechburg, 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Blair  co,. 
Pa.     Pop.  1913.     It  contains  El  Dorado, 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Butler  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  890.     It  has  important  coal-mines. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Cambria  co., 
Pa.    Pop.  1230,  exclusive  of  a  part  of  Chest  Springs. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Potter  co,. 
Pa.    Pop.  626. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1133.     It  contains  Fairhope. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Venango 
CO.,  Pa.  It  includes  the  village  of  Lambs  and  the  borough 
of  Pleasantville,  and  produces  petroleum.  Pop.,  exclusive 
of  Pleasantville,  1486. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  station  in  Warren  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  63  miles  from 
Erie,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Warren. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Westmore 
land  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  1710.  It  contains  Markle,  and  Garver's 
Ferry. 

Alleghany,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E,  of  the  White  Sul 
phur  Springs.     Post-ofiice,  Alleghany  Station. 

Alleghany,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  village  of 
Shawsville,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Christiansburg. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny)  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet 
of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  in  Eldred  township,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Emporium.  It  has  1  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.  The  township  has  14  steam 
saw-mills. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny)  Furnace,  a  station  in 
Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hollidaysburg  Branch  Railroad,  1  mile 
S.  of  Altoona.  Half  a  mile  distant  is  the  hamlet  of  the  same 
name,  the  seat  of  iron-works.     It  is  in  Logan  township. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny)  Junction,  a  station  in 
Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  near 
the  Alleghany  River,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  is 
called  also  West  Penn  Junction.     See  Lucesco. 

Alleghany  Mountains,  a  term  of  various  applica- 
tion, sometimes  used  as  synonymous  with  the  Appalachian 
System  (see  Appalachian  Mountains),  but  by  some  writers 
applied  to  that  portion  of  the  system  which  is  comprised 
in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and 
Nsrth  Carolina,  and  which  forms  the  water-shed  between  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Mississippi  River.  In  a  more  restricted 
sense  the  Alleghanies  include  the  mountain-ridges  of 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  except  the  Kitta- 
tinny  and  South  Mountains  in  Pennsylvania  and  the  Blue 
Ridge  in  Virginia.  These  ridges  are  remarkable  for  their 
parallelism,  regularity,  rectilineal  direction,  and  evenness 
of  outline.  "These  mountains,"  says  Guyot,  "are  curved 
into  arches,  either  entire  or  broken  on  the  top,  forming  a 
system  of  long  straight  parallel  ridges  of  about  equal 
height,  with  intervening  trough-like  valleys,  justifying  a 
comparison  to  the  folds  of  a  garment.  The  crest  of  the 
ridges,  seen  at  the  horizon,  appears  like  a  uniform,  unin- 
dented  line,  without  sharp  peaks  or  deep  passes.  The  main 
valleys  are  longitudinal,  the  transverse  valleys  being  few 
and  unimportant."  The  general  direction  of  the  ridges 
is  nearly  parallel  with  the  Atlantic  coast.  Their  average 
height  in  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  is  about  2000  or  2400 
feet  above  the  tide.  They  are  composed  of  stratified  rocks 
of  the  Silurian,  Devonian,  and  Carooniferous  ages.  From 
the  absence  of  rocks  more  recent  than  the  coal  formation, 
geologists  infer  that  the  Alleghanies  are  older  than  the 
Alps  or  the  Andes.  Their  original  height  has  been  greatly 
reduced  by  denudation  or  erosion.  They  are  rich  in  coal 
and  iron  ore.  Limestone  is  also  abundant  in  these  moun- 
tains or  in  the  intervening  valleys.  Among  the  valuable 
forest  trees  which  abound  on  them  are  the  beech,  ash.  whit* 
oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  white  pine,  and  wild  cherry. 


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Alleghany  Spring,  a  post-oflSce  of  Montgomery  co., 
Va.,  80  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg,  and  3  miles  from 
Alleghany  Railroad  Station,  which  is  on  the  Atlantic,  Mis- 
Bissippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  77  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  The 
springs  afford  a  highly  useful  saline  water,  and  are  much 
visited  in  summer.    The  scenery  here  is  very  fine. 

Alleghany  Station,  Va.    See  Alleghany. 

Alleghe,  a,l-li'g4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bel- 
luno,  on  a  little  lake,  9  miles  N.  of  Agordo.     Pop.  1250. 

Allegheny,  Pa.    See  Alleghany. 

Allegran'za  (Sp^  Alegranza,  i-li-grin'thi),  the  most 
northern  of  the  Canary  Islands,  10  miles  N.  of  Lanzarote. 
Lat.  29°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  31'  W.    It  is  an  extinct  volcano. 

All^gre,  iriaig'r',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Haute-Loire,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1927. 

AU^gre,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Gard,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  St.  Ambroix.     It  has  mines  of  bitumen.     Pop.  1250. 

Allegrip'pus,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Al'leguash,  a  large  river  of  Maine,  rises  on  the  border 
of  Somerset  and  Piscataquis  cos.,  flows  S.E.  and  then  N. 
and  N.N.E.,  traversing  many  lakes,  one  of  which  is  called 
by  its  own  name,  and  folia  into  the  Walloostook  or  main  St. 
John,  near  the  N.  border  of  the  state.  Its  valley  is  chiefly 
in  Aroostook  co.,  and  has  very  few  permanent  inhabitants. 
Length,  over  200  miles. 

Alleins,  4riiN»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  9  miles  E.  of  EyguiSres.     Pop.  1180. 

Allemagne  and  Allemanni.    See  Germany. 

Allemance,  al-l§h-mance',  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co., 
N.C.,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Allemance  County.    See  Alamance. 

Ariemands',  or  Des  Allemands,  dAz  alM^h^-' 
minds',  a  post^hamlet  of  St.  Charles  parish,  La.,  on  Bayou 
Des  Allemands  and  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad, 
32  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  cypress  wooden -ware  and  pirogues  (boats). 

AUemania,  a  hamlet  of  Louisiana.     See  Alemania. 

Al'leman's,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Gulick  township,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Allemond-en-Oysans,  irm6No'-dftN-wi^z6N<>',  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Isere,  in  a  beautiful  val- 
ley, about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1216. 

Al'len,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Maumee  River,  and  its  branches,  the  St. 
Joseph  and  the  St.  Mary,  which  unite  at  Fort  Wayne ;  also 
by  the  Aboite  and  Crooked  Creeks  and  Eel  River.  The 
surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  beech, 
white  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  black 
walnut,  and  other  trees  cover  one-third  or  more  of  the 
county.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  horses,  cattle,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lumber  is  one  of 
the  chief  articles  of  export.  Devonian  rocks  underlie 
part  of  the  soil.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  <fc  Erie 
Canal,  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana,  and  several  other  railroads,  which  coming 
from  various  directions  meet  at  Fort  Wayne,  the  capital  of 
the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,494;  in  1880,  54,763 :  in  1850, 
66,689. 

Allen,  a  county  in  the  S.E.'part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  504  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Neosho  River 
and  drained  by  Deer  and  Elm  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
live  stock,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
«r8ed  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  by  a 
division  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway.  Beds  of  coal  are 
found  here.  Capital,  lola.  Pop.  in  1870,  7022 ;  in  1880, 
11,303 ;  in  1890,  13,509. 

Allen,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  bordering 
on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  336  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Big  Barren  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cavernous 
limestone  abounds  in  this  county,  and  salt  springs  are 
found  here.  Indian  com,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Scottsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,296  : 
in  1880,  12,089;  in  1890,  13^92. 

Allen,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  447  square  utiles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Auglaize  and  Ottawa  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash, 
heech,  elm,  sugar-maple,  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  horses,  and  wool  are 
*be  staple  products.    Upper  Silurian  limestone  of  the  Ilel- 


derberg  or  water-lime  group  underlies  nearly  all  of  thig 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  and  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroads ;  also  by 
the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Lima.  Pop.  in  1870, 
23,623;  in  1880,  31,314;  in  1890,  40,644. 

Allen,  a  station  in  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Fort  Payne. 

Allen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gunnison  co.,  Col.,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Gunnison,  and  near  Gate  City  Station. 

Allen,  a  post-township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  about  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  877. 

Allen,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  III.  Pop.  1224.  It 
contains  Stamford. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1042. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1754.  It 
contains  Avilla  and  Lisbon, 

Allen,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  90. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  630.  It 
contains  Avon  Station. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  contiguous  to 
Allen  in  Polk  co.     Pop.  869.     It  contains  Carlisle. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  789. 

Allen,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  19  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Osage  City,  and  19  miles  E.  of  Council  Grove. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Allen,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in  Allen 
township,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hillsdale,  and  1  mile  from 
Allen  Station  on  the  Lake  Shore  <t  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  township,  1604. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Worth  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1352. 

Allen,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  56  miles 
S.E.  of  Bufialc.     It  contains  4  churches.     Pop,  777. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Darke  co,,  0,     Pop.  781, 

Allen,  a  township  of  Hancock  co,,  0.  Pop.  969.  It 
contains  Van  Buren. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.  Pop.  1198,  It  con- 
tains Pottersburg. 

Allen,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  at  Church- 
town, 

Allen,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa,     Pop.  815. 

Allen,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.j  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.  It  contains 
Allenport.  Much  bituminous  coal  and  excellent  glass-sand 
are  here  obtained.     Pop.  815. 

Allen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  co,,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston 
&  Texas  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  N,  of  Dallas,  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin, 

Allen,  Bog  of.     See  Bog  of  Allen, 

Allenbnrg,  il'l§n-bo5RG\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on 
the  Alle,  30  miles  S,E,  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2426. 

Allenburg,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Koros. 

Al'len  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y,,  U 
in  Allen  township,  about  55  miles  S,E.  of  Buffalo. 

Allen  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich,,  21 
miles  E,  of  Pentwater. 

Ariendale',  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co,  of 
Northumberland,  33  miles  E,  of  Carlisle,  on  the  East  Allen, 
The  inhabitants  are  employed  principally  in  the  lead-mines 
in  the  vicinity.     Pop,  of  parish,  5397. 

Al'lendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Vaca  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Vacaville. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Vincennes. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  3  warehouses,  and  3  gen- 
eral stores.     Laid  out  in  1870.     Pop.  about  200. 

Allendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Ky.,  about  70 
miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Allendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co,,  Mich,,  20 
miles  E.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  about  75  miles  W,N,W,  of 
Lansing,  It  is  in  Allendale  township.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop,  767. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co..  Mo.,  in  Smith 
township,  35  miles  from  Hopkins,  and  about  66  miles 
N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Allendale,  the  station  name  of  Allenwood,  N.J. 

Allendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Allendale,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  if.Y.,  14  miles 
S.  of  Watertown. 

Allendale,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  North 
Providence  township,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Rail 


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road,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  Allendale  sheetings  and  quilts.  The  near- 
est post-of5ce  is  Centredale.     Pop.  2U3. 

Allendale,  a  post- village  in  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  53  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank, 
graded  schools  for  white  and  colored,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  ft  carriage  factory.     Pop.  of  Allendale  township,  3144. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  an 
arm  of  Lake  Simcoe,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway,  63  miles 
N.N.W.  from  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Allendorf,  il'l^n-doRr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Werra,  24  miles  E.  of  Cassel.  Some  wine  and  silk  are  pro- 
duced, and  a  good  deal  of  tobacco  is  raised  and  manufac- 
tured. Pop.  2907.  Allendorf  is  likewise  the  name  of  numer- 
ous villages  in  Hesse,  Prussia,  and  other  parts  of  Germany. 

A14enford',  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, 13i  miles  from  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 

AlMenport',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  in 
Allen  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  about  30  miles 
S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Ai'iens,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Augusta  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  about 
15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Augusta. 

Allen's,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  is  at  Lena,  a  ham- 
let on  the  Pan  Handle  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Piqua. 

Allen's,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Williamsport. 

Allen's,  a  station  in  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Galves- 
ton, Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Houston. 

Al'lensburg,  a  village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Allen's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 

Allen's  Creek,  N.Y.,  rises  in  Wyoming  co.,  runs 
northeastward  through  Genesee  co.,  and  enters  the  Genesee 
River  in  Monroe  co.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Allen's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va,,  on 
the  James  River,  10  miles  from  Amherst  Court-House. 

Allen's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Shenandoah  River,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Winchester. 

Allen's  Fac'tory,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ala., 
35  miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manu- 
factory of  cotton  yarn. 

Allen's  Fresh,  a  post-village  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  2  churches. 

Allen's  Gr<^e,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1199.     It  contains  the  villages  of  Natrona  and  San  Jose. 

Allen's  Grove,  a  jiost-township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  is 
traversed  by  the  Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  684. 

Allen's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis., 
in  Darien  township,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Beloit,  and  5  miles  from  Clinton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Allen's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Richmond  township,  about  25  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Allen's  Isle,  an  island  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Car^ 
pentaria,  in  Australia,     Lat.  17°  5'  S.;  Ion.  139°  25'  E. 

Allen's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Mill  Creek,  about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brookville. 

Allen  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Lakeport. 

Allen  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches. 

Allen's  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  111.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Goloouda. 

Allen's  Station,  in  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  is  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Allenstein,  il'l^n-stine^  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on 
the  AUe,  65  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  6529. 

Al'lenstown,  a  post-township  and  station  of  Merrimao 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Suneook  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Concord.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mer- 
rimac  River,  and  has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  (1890j  1405. 

Al'lensville,  a  po.st-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
12  miles  N.  of  Vevey. 

Allensville,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  43  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  5  churches,  2  car- 
riage-shops, a  bank,  public  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  hotels. 
Pop.  about  800. 

Allensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
E.  of  Roxborough. 

Allensville,  a  post- village  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Allensville,  a  post- village  of  Menno  township,  Mifflin 


CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  from  Mill  Creek.  It  has  3  churchee  and 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Al'lentou,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  about  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  is  on  the  Selma  &  Gulf 
Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Selma.     It  has  3  churches. 

Allenton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  <fe  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Allenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  62  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Allenton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Kingston,  22  miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  cotton  and  woollen  manufac- 
tories.    Pop.  about  500. 

Allentown,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Upper  Freehold  township,  2^  miles  from  Newtown  Station  of 
the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  and  about  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Trenton.  It  has  6  churches,  a  fine  public  school-house, 
and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Allentown,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  oo,,  N,Y,,  in 
the  midst  of  a  productive  oil  field,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Wellsville.     Pop.  about  400. 

Allentown,  a  post- village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  Ottawa 
River,  2^  miles  from  Elida  Railroad  Station,  and  about  88 
miles  N.W,  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 

Allentown,  a  handsome  city,  capital  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Philadelphia,  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Easton.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  East  Penn- 
sylvania Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad.  The  Lehigh 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad  passes  along  the  other  side  of  the 
river.  Allentown  is  built  on  high  ground  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  beautiful  and  fertile  country.  The  houses  are  mostly 
built  of  brick  and  stone.  The  streets  are  wide,  straight, 
and  lighted  with  electricity  and  gas.  It  has  about  25 
churches,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks,  a  trust  company, 
3  daily  and  6  weekly  papers,  of  which  4  are  in  German. 
Here  is  Muhlenberg  College,  which  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Lutherans ;  also  Allentown  Female  College.  The  pros- 
perity of  the  city  is  largely  derived  from  the  manufacture 
of  pig  iron  and  forged  and  rolled  iron.  Here  are  several 
extensive  furnaces,  rolling-mills,  forges,  and  iron-foundries. 
Pop.  in  1860,  8025;  in  1880,  18,063;  in  1890,  25,228. 

Al'lenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis  <fe  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  148  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  4  stores. 

AJlenville,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Smith- 
field  township,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a 
church.     Pop.  185. 

Al'lenwood,  a  post-office  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Farmingdale  &  Squan  Village  Railroad,  5 
miles  from  Farmingdale,  and  3  miles  from  Manasquan. 

Allenwood,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  22  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  public  school, 
planing-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  300. 

Aller,  il'l^r,  a  navigable  river  of  Germany,  risee  near 
Magdeburg,  Prussia,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Weser  on 
the  right.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Al'ler,  a  parish  and  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
6i  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Somerton.     Pop.  533. 

Al'lerdale,  the  name  of  two  of  the  five  wards  into 
which  the  county  of  Cumberland,  England,  is  divided :  they 
together  return  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Allerona,  &l-l&-ro'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Umbria,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Orvieto.     Pop.  1260. 

Al'lerton,  a  station  in  Piatt  co..  III.,  26  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  S.  of  Champaign. 

Allerton,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &,  East  Illinois  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Danville. 

Allerton,  a  post- village  in  Warren  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
29  miles  W.  of  Centreville.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  807. 

Allestar,  Allistar,  or  Alistar,  ftri^s-taR',  a  town  in 
the  peninsula  of  Malacca,  kingdom  of  Queda,  on  the  Queda 
River.     It  once  contained  2000  houses. 

Allevard,  iPvaR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Isere,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble,  on  the  Br6da.  It  has 
important  iron-mines.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  oh&teau 
Bayard,  where  was  born,  in  1476,  the  chevalier  Bayard, 
"sans  peur  et  sans  reproche."     Pop.  2051. 

Al'leyton,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Everett  township,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Chicngo, 
Michigan  &  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Mus- 
kegon, and  11  miles  N.  of  Newaygo.     It  has  3  churches.  2 


ALL 


468 


ALL 


banks,  a  union  school,  and  manufactories  of  pine  lumber, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  400. 

All  eyton )  a  post-village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Col- 
orado River,  and  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio 
Railroad,  2i  miles  B.  of  Columbus.     It  has  an  active  trade. 

Alli'ancey  a  post-town  of  Boxbutte  co..  Neb.,  360  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  from  Lincoln.  The  general  division  of 
the  great  Burlington  system  is  located  here.  It  has  5 
churches,  4  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  a 
flouring-mill,  machine-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Alliajpce^  a  flourishing  city  and  railroad  centre  of  Stark 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  4  railroads,  57  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  83  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
Two  daily  papers  with  weekly  editions  are  published  here. 
Alliance  has  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  15  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  rolling-mill,  white-lead  works,  bagging- 
factory,  Ac.  It  is  1  mile  from  Mount  Union  College.  Pop. 
in  1860, 1421 ;  in  1870, 4063  ,•  in  1880,  4636  j  in  1890,  7607. 

Allier,  irie-A'  (anc.  Ela'ver),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  forest  of  Mercoire,  and,  flowing  N.N.W.,  falls  into 
the  Loire  abont  4  miles  W.  of  Nevers.     Length,  260  miles. 

Alliet)  a  department  in  the  central  part  of  France, 
bordering  on  the  Loire,  and  intersected  by  the  river  AUier, 
from  which  it  takes  its  name.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  the  soil  generally  fertile.  Timber,  wool,  cattle,  wheat, 
and  leather  are  exported  largely.  The  vine  is  but  little 
cultivated.  Mines  of  iron,  coal,  and  antimony,  marble-  and 
granite-quarries,  and  porcelain-clay  pits  are  worked.  Two 
canals  and  several  railways  traverse  the  department.  Area, 
2762  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  424,382. 

Allifse,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Alipb. 

Al'ligaHor,  a  river  of  North  Carolina,  is  an  inlet  which 
extends  from  Albemarle  Sound  southward  into  Tyrrel  co.^ 
and  into  the  Alligator  Swamp. 

Alligator,  a  township  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C.  It  has  4 
churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  778. 

Alligator)  a  township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
659. 

Alligator  Lake,  a  lake  of  North  Carolina,  in  the  Great 
Swamp,  or  pocoson,  of  Hyde  co. 

Alligator  Reef,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Florida,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Sable.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Alligator's  Rivers  (South  and  East),  two  rivers  of 
North  Australia,  which  flow  into  Van  Diemen's  Gulf  at  a 
distance  from  each  other  of  about  20  miles. 

Alligator  Swamp,  an  extensive  marshy  tract  in  North 
Carolina,  occupying  a  great  part  of  the  peninsula  between 
Pamlico  and  Albemarle  Sounds.     Area,  3000  square  miles. 

Al'ligerville,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W. 
of  Rosendale,  and  1  mile  from  Kyserike.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  250. 

AUigny,  irieen^yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Nifevre,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  2630. 

Allinge,  il'ling-gh^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  with  a 
small  haven,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Bornholm.     Pop.  650. 

Allipha,  the  ancient  name  of  Alife. 

AIMison,or  Cen'treville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  111.,  in  Allison  township,  6  miles  from  Vincennes,  Ind. 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Allison  Post-OflSce. 

Allison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  23 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Waverly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  500. 

AIlisoB,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas,  about 
65  miles  W.  of  Phillipsburg.     Pop.  125. 

Ariiso'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va.,  12  miles 
from  Martin's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  forge  which  pro- 
duces bar-iron  from  the  hematite  ore  found  here. 

Al'lison  Ranch,  a  village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles 
from  Grass  Valley.  Here  are  rich  quartz  gold-mines  and  a 
stamp-mill. 

Al'lison's,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chartiers  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Al'lisonville,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co., 
Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Picton.     Pop.  150. 

AUistar,  a  town  of  Malacca.     See  Allestar. 

Alliste,  il-lees'tA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Otranto, 
11  milM  S.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1620. 

Al'liston,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Gilford.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  saw- 
mill, foundry,  telegraph  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Allivioni  Cambio,  il-leeVee-o'nee  k4m'b4-o,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1860. 

Alli-Yar-ka-Tanda.    See  Alla-Yar-ka-Tanda. 

All'mantown,  a  village  of  Jamaica,  near  Kingston, 
the  capiUl.     Pop.  1276. 

Alloa,  al'lo-a,  a  seaport,  market-town,  and  parish  of 
Bootland,  county  of  Clackmannan,  on  the  Forth,  at  the 


head  of  its  firth,  25  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  (1891)  10,711.  In  the  harbor,  ships  lie  beside  a  stone 
quay  in  24  feet  of  water  at  spring  tides.  Here  are  ship-build- 
ing yards,  a  wet  and  a  dry  dock,  tile-works,  glass-works, 
and  extensive  collieries,  distilleries,  and  breweries.  Cotton, 
linen,  and  woollen  goods,  and  castings,  are  produced.  Chief 
imports,  flax,  linseed,,  grain,  timber,  and  iron.  Alloa  is 
supposed  to  be  on  the  site  of  the  Alan'na  of  Ptolemy. 

Allo'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  8  miles 
from  Portage,  and  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Madison. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Allodia,  the  Latin  for  Les  Alltjes. 

Allonby,  &l'lon-be,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, on  Solway  Firth,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cockermouth, 
Pop.  592. 

AUonne,  &ri5n',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Deux-SSvres,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1900. 

Allonne,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Oise,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1600. 

Allonne8-snr-Montsorean,&ridn'siirm6N<>^Bo^R6', 
a  village  of  France,  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Saumur.     Pop.  2320. 

Alios,  irios',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  10  miles  S.  of  Barcelonnette.     Pop.  1206. 

Allonagne,  arioo^ifi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  6  miles  W.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1450. 

AUone,  &rioo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  36  miles  from  Angoullme.     Pop.  1500. 

Allonez,  al'loo-a,  a  post-township  of  Keweenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  or  near  Lake  Superior,  4  miles  from  Calumet 
Railroad  Station.  It  has  rich  mines  of  copper,  and  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Allouez,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  in  1876, 
279. 

Allonville'Bellefosse,  iriooVeel'  b€rf5s',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine- Infdrieure,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yvetot. 
Pop.  1200.  Here  is  an  enormous  hollow  oak,  with  a  chapel 
in  its  trunk. 

Al'loway  (formerly  Al'lowaystown),  a  post-village 
of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Alloway's  Creek,  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation, 6  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Salem,  and  1  mile  S.  of  the 
Salem  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  2  mills, 
and  a  factory  for  canning  fruits.     Pop.  about  600. 

Alloway,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles  S.  of 
Lyons.    It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  an(f  2  carriage-shops. 

Alloway  (or  Alloway's)  Creek,  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J., 
flows  into  the  Delaware  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Salem. 

Al'loway  Kirk,  Ruins  of,  the  scene  of  Burns's  poem 
of  Tam  O'Shanter,  near  the  cottage  in  which  the  poet  was 
born,  2i  miles  S.  of  Ayr.  On  the  banks  of  the  Doon, 
about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  ruin,  is  an  elegant 
monument  in  honor  of  Burns. 

AU'right  Island,  one  of  the  Magdalen  Islands,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     Area,  8600  acres.     Pop.  838. 

All-Saints  Bay,  or  Bahia  de  Todos  os  San- 
tos, bi-ee'i  di  to'doce  oce  sin'toce,  a  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Bahia.  Lat.  13°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  50'  W. 
It  has  two  entrances,  surrounding  the  island  of  Itaparica. 
The  bay  is  from  90  to  100  miles  in  circuit,  and  in  it  the 
largest  fleet  may  ride  in  safety. 

Alls'borongh,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Allschwyl,  41'sh^I,  or  Allschweiler,  il'sh^i-l^r,  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Baselland,  on  the  frontier 
of  Alsace.     Pop.  1268. 

Allstadt,  411'st4tt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe-Weimar, 
26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halle.     Pop.  3164. 

All'ston,  Suffolk  CO.,  Mass.,  is  in  the  25th  ward  of 
Boston,  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  3^  miles  W.  of 
the  initial  station.  It  is  on  the  S.  or  right  bank  of  Charles 
River.  It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  a  pottery,  and 
some  ear-shops  of  the  railroad.  It  is  noted  for  its  good 
streets,  and  is  popular  as  a  suburban  drive. 
•  Al'Ium  Bay,  a  harbor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  England. 
Lat.  of  light-house,  50°  39'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  33'  55"  W. 

AUumette  (iriu-mef)  Island,  or  Adams,  or  Cha- 
pean,  a  post- village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  on  an  island 
in  the  Ottawa  River,  8  miles  from  Pembroke.  Pop.  260. 
The  island  (Ile  des  Allumettes)  is  about  15  miles  long, 
and  has  on  its  W.  side  a  great  expansion  of  the  river,  called 
AUumette  Lake.  Areaoftheisland,  70  square  miles.  Pop. 
1500. 

Allnmiere,  il-loo-m4-i'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Rome,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Civita  Vecchia.     Pop.  1450. 

Allny,  iriwee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
NiSvre,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  1280. 

All'AVOod,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  15  mile* 
from  Amherst  Court-House.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


i 


ALL 


469 


ALM 


Ally,  &riee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Cantal,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  P16aux.     It  has  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  1160. 

Allyghur,  a  district  of  India.     See  Alighor. 

Allyguiij,  a  town  of  India.    See  Alisunge. 

Allyn's  (al'llni)  Point,  in  Ledyard  township,  New 
London  co,,  Conn.,  is  a  terminus  of  the  Norwich  &  Worcester 
Railroad.  It  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Thames  River,  7  miles 
S.  of  Norwich,  and  is  a  landing-place  for  steamers. 

Alma,  &l'm&,  a  little  river  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea, 
flows  W.,  and  falls  into  the  sea  about  20  miles  N.  of  Sevas- 
topol. It  is  celebrated  for  a  victory  of  the  allied  French,  Eng- 
lish, and  Turkish  troops  over  the  Russians,  Sept.  20,  1854. 

Al'ma,  a  post-town  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  near  the  foot  of  the  Ozark 
Mountains,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  2  academies,  and  2  newspaper  oflSoes.     Pop.  1200. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  San  Jos6. 

Alma,  a  mining  post- village  of  Park  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  in  the  South  Park,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of 
Denver.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
large  smelting-works.  Here  are  rich  mines  of  gold,  silver, 
and  copper.     Elevation,  10,453  feet.     Pop.  about  500. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Alma  township,  Marion  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  234  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chicago.     Pop.  of  township,  794,     It  has  2  churches. 

Alma,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  pottery,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  coal-mine. 

Alma,  a  city  of  the  third  class,  capital  of  Wabaunsee 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  3  railroads,  36  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Topeka.  It  has  6  churches,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  state  bank,  a  high  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  salt.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Alma,  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich., 
on  Pine  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  37  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Saginaw  City.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  a  large  flouring-mill,  foundry,  woollen-mill,  saw- 
mill, a  sanitarium,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    P.  about  1700. 

Alma,  or  Black  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Eggleston  town- 
ship, Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  from  Norton  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  saw-  and  shingle-mill,  and  a  hotel. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Higginsville.     Pop.  200. 

Alma,  a  city,  capital  of  Harlan  co..  Neb.,  46  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Red  Cloud.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  3  newspapers.     Pop.  1200. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Socorro  co..  New  Mexico,  about 
50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Silver  City. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Alma 
township,  14  miles  S.  of  Belmont.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  of  township,  803. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Maxton. 

Alma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cavalier  oo.,  N.D.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Langdon. 

Alma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Ya.,  15  miles  from 
Newmarket.     It  has  a  church. 

Alma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  is  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Buffalo  River, 
about  50  miles  N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  9  miles  below  Wa- 
basha. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  machinery,  briok, 
and  flour.     Pop.  in  1880,  1244 ;  in  1890,  1428. 

Alma,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.  It  contains 
Merrillan  and  Alma  Centre.     Pop.  1319. 

Alma,  a  post- village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  5  miles 
from  Stellarton.     It  contains  an  axe-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Alma,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  23  miles 
by  rail  from  Guelph.  It  contains  saw-  and  planing-mills, 
and  a  shingle-factory.     Pop.  350. 

Alma  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  in 
Alma  township,  on  the  Green  Bay  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  4 
miles  W.  of  Merrillan,  and  62  miles  N.E.  of  Winona.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Almachar,  il-mi-chaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Granada, 
18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2409.     • 

Alma  City,  a  post-village  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Freedom  township,  on  the  Le  Sueur  River,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Almada,  il-mi'di,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Tagus,  opposite  Lisbon.  It  has  a  castle  on  a  rock,  a 
hospital  for  seamen,  and  depots  for  wine.     Pop.  4011. 

Alma-Dagh,  ll'mi-daG',  or  Akma-Dagh,  ik'mi- 
d&G'  (anc.  Ama'nu*),  a  range  of  mountains  in  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, is  a  branch  of  the  Taurus  system,  forming  the  N. 
boundary  of  Syria.     Length,  160  miles;  width,  30  miles. 


Almaden,  &l-m&-D£n',  or  Almaden  del  Azognet 

il-mi-n8n'  dfil  i-tho'g4  (i.e.,  "  the  mines  of  quicksilver"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  in  the  Sierra  Morena,  56 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  7421.  It  has  an 
extensive  practical  school  of  mines,  2  Latin  schools,  and  3 
hospitals.  The  quicksilver-mines  of  Almaden  are  exceed- 
ingly rich ;  they  are  "  most  curious  for  their  natural  history, 
and  the  most  ancient  in  the  known  world."  About  5000 
men  are  employed  in  and  about  the  mines. 

Almaden,  il-mi-den',  a  township  of  Santa  Clara  co., 
Cal.     It  contains  New  Almaden.     Pop.  1647. 

Almaden  de  la  Plata, '&l-m&-D£n' d&  l&pl&'t&  {i.e., 
"the  mines  of  silver;"  anc.  Sis'apon  or  Sis'apo),  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Seville.  Pop. 
1075.     Silver-mines  were  formerly  worked  in  its  vicinity. 

Almadenejos,  &l'mS,-D^-n&'H5s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
La  Mancha,  6  miles  from  Almaden,  on  the  railway  from  Bada- 
jos  to  Ciudad  Real.     It  has  quicksilver-mines.     Pop.  1700. 

Almadia  (&l-m&-dee'&)  Islets,  a  ledge  of  black  rocks 
running  out  from  the  extreme  point  of  Cape  Verde.  Lat. 
14°  44'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  17°  35'  W. 

Almagro,  8,l-m8,'gro,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
12  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  from  Ciudad  Real.  It  is  well  built, 
has  spacious,  well-paved  streets,  a  fine  square,  a  town-hall, 
hospitals,  Ac.  It  has  Latin,  normal,  and  primary  schools. 
The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  distilling  brandy,  manufac- 
turing soap,  gypsum,  and  earthenware,  and  making  lace : 
this  last  trade  occupies  no  less  than  8000  females  in  this 
and  the  neighboring  towns  and  villages.     Pop.  10,300. 

Almaguer,  &l-m&-gaiR',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, department  of  Gauca,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Popayan, 
on  a  table-land  7440  feet  in  elevation.  It  has  an  extensiv* 
trade  in  Peruvian  bark.     Pop.  6529. 

Almahadia,  or  Mahadia.    See  Mehdia. 

Almahera,  a  native  name  of  the  island  of  Gilolo. 

Alma  (or  Grande)  Island,  an  island  of  Quebec, 
Canada,  between  the  two  outlets  of  Lake  St.  John,  at  the 
head  of  Saguenay  River, 

Almalee,  or  Almali,  &l-m3,-lee',  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  small  river  Myra,  25  miles  from  its  junction 
with  the  sea,  and  57  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adalia.  Lat,  36°  47' 
N. ;  Ion.  29°  60'  E.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  valley 
of  the  Massacytus  Mountains,  The  appearance  of  the  town 
is  pleasing  and  picturesque.  It  is  well  supplied  with  water, 
and  has  numerous  mills,  and  several  tan-yards,  dye-works, 
and  factories.     Pop,  8000. 

Alma  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co..  Mo. 

Almansa,  &l-man'8&,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Maroia,  37 
miles  E.  of  Albacete.  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  and  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  cotton,  and  hempen  ftibrics,  brandy, 
leather,  and  soap.  Near  this  spot  the  French,  under  the 
Duke  of  Berwick,  gained  a  victory  over  the  British  and 
Spanish  troops,  April  25,  1707.     Pop,  7334. 

Almanzora,  &l-m&n-tho'r&,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, falls  into  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  50  miles. 

Almaraz,  &l-md,-r&th',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 48  miles  N.E.  of  Caceres.  The  Tagus  is  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  built  in  1552,     Pop.  746. 

Almar'tha,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.,  55  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Marshfleld. 

Almas,  Srm&sh',  a  Wallachian  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Arad,  6  miles  E.  of  Butyin.     Pop.  2260. 

Almas,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  15  miles  W.  of 
Theresienstadt.  Pop.  8193.  Alm&s,  either  singly  or  with 
various  prefixes,  is  tne  name  of  not  fewer  than  39  places  in 
Hungary,  and  of  numerons  places  in  Transylvania, 

Almas,  &l'm&s,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyax,  60 
miles  E.  of  Natividade,     Pop,  800. 

Almas,  or  Rio  das  Almas,  a  river  of  Brazil,  falls 
into  the  Maranhao  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Almas-Mare,  firmSsh'-mdR'^h,  or  Nagy-  (nSdj) 
Alm&s,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  circle  of 
Karlsburg,  has  gold-mines.     Pop.  1270, 

Almazau,  &l-m&-th&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
on  the  Douro,  15  miles  S,  of  Soria.     Pop.  2360, 

Almazarron,  &l-m&-thaR-R5n',  or  Mazarron,  m&- 
thaR-RSn',  a  town  and  port  of  Spain,  20  miles  W.  of  Carta- 
gena. It  is  well  built,  and  comprises  a  convent,  school, 
town-  and  session-house,  prison,  &c.     Pop.  3746. 

Almazora,  &l-m&-tho'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
3  miles  S,  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,     Pop.  about  2500, 

Alme'da,  a  post-village  ot  Newton  co..  Mo.,  about  50 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Springfield,  and  1  or  2  miles  N.  of  th« 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad. 

Almeda,  a  post-village  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Port  Royal  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Royal. 

Almeida,  8,I-mi'e-d&,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  la 


ALM 


470 


ALN 


Beira,  on  the  Coa,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Coimbra.  Pop.  6580. 
Almeida  is  one  of  the  most  important  strongholds  in  the 
kingdom.  It  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  in  1762,  and  again 
by  the  French  in  1810.  On  the  5th  of  August,  1811,  the 
allies  under  Wellington  here  defeated  the  French  under 
Massena. 

Almeida*  ilmi'e-di,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of 
Espirito  Santo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Reis-Magos,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Victoria.  The  town  was  founded  by  the  Jesuits 
in  1680.     Pop.  4000. 

Almeirim,  or  Almeyrim,  il-mi-reew',  a  town  of 
Portugal,  Estremadura,  5  miles  S.E.  of Santarem.   Pop.  3181. 

Almelo,  il-mi-lo',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the 
Almelo  Aa,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  4129. 

Alme'nay  a  post-town  of  Norton  oo.,  Kansas,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  2.S  miles  N.W.  of  Phillipsburg, 
and  11  N.E.  of  Norton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  about  500. 

Almena*  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Almena  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Paw  Paw.  It  has  a 
church,  and  flour-,  saw-,  and  paper-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  983. 

Almenar,  il-mi-naR',  or  Almenara,  &l-m&-nS,'R& 
(Arab,  for  "  watch-tower"),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
11  miles  N.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2330. 

Almendral,  &l-men-dRal',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura, province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop. 
1600. 

Almendral,  a  southeastern  suburb  of  Valparaiso,  Chili, 
on  a  plain  called  the  Almendral.  It  is  more  populous  than 
the  city  proper.     Here  many  merchants  reside. 

Almendral ejo,  3,l-mSn-dra-14'H0,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  well-paved' 
and  clean  streets,  ornamented  with  arcades  and  water- 
courses. The  inhabitants  are  employed  in  agriculture, 
weaving,  expressing  oil,  and  distilling  brandy  on  an  exten- 
sive scale.     Pop.  9452. 

Almenno  San  Bartolomeo,  &l-mdn'no  s&n  bar-to- 
lo-mi'o,  a  village  of  Italy,  adjacent  to  Almenno  San  Salva- 
tore.     Pop.  1670. 

Almenno  San  Salvatore,  d,l-mSn'no  s&n  s&I-vi-to'- 
ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Bergamo.     Pop.  2100. 

Al'mer,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  745. 

Almeria*  S,l-mi-ree'4  (anc.  Mur'gis),  a  city  and  port 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Mediterranean,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  104  miles  E.  of  Malaga.  It 
stands  S.  of  the  Sierra  de  Enix,  in  an  extensive  and  fertile 
plain.  It  is  in  part  enclosed  by  Moorish  bastioned  walls, 
about  2  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  defended  seaward  by  forts. 
The  streets  are  narrow,  tortuous,  and  ill  built,  but  tolerably 
paved  and  clean,  principally  with  houses  erected  round  small 
court-yards.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Almeria  has  a  theologi- 
cal, a  classical,  and  a  female  college,  and  an  aqueduct.  In 
the  bay  there  is  good  and  safe  anchorage,  in  12  and  14 
fathoms.  It  exports  grapes  and  other  fruits,  iron  ore,  lead, 
soda,  esparto,  and  charcoal.     Pop.  40,323. 

Almeria,  a  fertile  province  of  Andalusia,  Spain, 
bounded  E.  and  S.  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  3309 
square  miles.  Capital,  Almeria.  It  is  mountainous,  with 
much  mineral  wealth.     Pop.  361,553. 

Almese,  il-mi'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
on  the  railway  from  Turin  to  Mont  Cenis.     Pop.  1240. 

Almeyda,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Almeida. 

Almeyda  (il-mi'da,)  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa, 
is  in  lat.  about  13°  30'  S.,  Ion.  40°  30'  E.  It  has  safe  and 
sheltered  anchorage. 

Almi'ra,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  4 
miles  from  Chicago,  111. 

Almira,  a  post-township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  14  miles 
W.  of  Traverse  City.   It  has  forests  of  pine  and  sugar-maple. 

Almira,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Washington,  103 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Almira,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles 
from  Aurora.     It  has  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Almirante  Islands.    See  Amirante  Islands. 

Almissa,  4l-mis's&,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  15  miles  S.E, 
of  Spalatro,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cettina,  is 
renowned  for  its  wines.     Pop.  800. 

Almkerk,  aim^kfink',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  on  the  Aim.     Pop.  1604. 

Almodovar,  ll-mo-do'vaR,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo.  73  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evora.     Pop.  3490. 

Almodovar  del  Campo,  iUmo-do'vaR  dSl  kim'po, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ciudad 
Real.     It  has  a  mint  and  oil-mills.     Pop.  4800. 


Almodovar  del  Rio,  il-mo-do'vaR  dil  ree'o,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2110. 

Almogia,  3,1-mo-Hee'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Malaga.     Pop.  7041. 

Almoharin,  S.l-mo-4-reen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura, 32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2092. 

Almonacid  de  Toledo,  &l-mo-n&-theeD'  ddto-li'Do, 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  of  Toledo,  12  miles  S.E.  of  To- 
ledo. Near  it  the  French  defeated  the  Spaniards,  Aug.  11, 
1809.     Pop.  1218. 

Almonacid  de  Zorita,  4l-mo-ni-theeD'  di  tho-ree'ti, 
a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1360. 

Almonaster  la  Real,  &I-mo-n&s-taiR'  1&  rk-kV,  a 
town  of  Spain,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  836. 

Almond,  8,'mond,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Edinburgh,  falling  into  the  Firth  of  Forth  at  Cramond. 

Almond,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  flowing 
E.  to  join  the  Tay  near  Perth. 

Al'mond,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Almond,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Al- 
mond township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  W, 
of  Hornellsville,  and  60  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  an  academy,  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  700;  of  township,  1612. 

Almond,  a  post-village  in  Almond  township.  Portage 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  55  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  township,  721. 

Almondbury,  4'm9nd-b9r-e,  a  large  village,  township, 
and  parish  in  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  is  35 
miles  S.W.  of  York,  and  adjacent  to  Huddersfield  (which 
see).  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  cotton-, 
woollen-,  and  silk-mills.     Pop.  of  townsnip,  11,669. 

Al'mond's,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  792. 

Almones'son,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Deptford  township,  3  miles  from  Woodbury.  It  has  a 
church,  a  town-hall,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Almont  al'mont,  a  post- village  of  Lapeer  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Almont  township,  34  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It 
has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  public  school,  2  newspapers,  and 
manufactures  of  farming-implements,  pumps,  flour,  sash, 
blinds,  Ac.  The  township  is  partly  drained  by  Belle  River. 
Pop.  of  township,  1854;  of  the  village,  717. 

Almont  (al'mont)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Elk  River  township,  on  the  Iowa  Midland 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Clinton  City,  and  half  a  mile  from 
the  Sabula  &  Ackley  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Almonte,  &l-mon't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  in 
a  fertile  district,  21  miles  E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  4520. 

Almonte,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  falls  into 
the  Tagus ;  entire  length,  about  75  miles. 

AI'monte,  or  Ram 'say,  a  post- village  in  Lanark  co., 
Ontario,  35  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  bank,  high,  public  and  separate  schools,  an  iron-foundry, 
extensive  woollen-factories,  and  great  water-power.  Two 
newspapers  are  published  in  Almonte.     Pop.  3200. 

Almor,  ol'mor^  (Ger.  Mackenburg,  miK'§n-b55RG^),  a 
village  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Hermannstadt.     Pop.  1250. 

Almora,  8,l-mo'r4,  a  town  of  Northern  Hindostan,  capi- 
tal of  Kumaon,  85  miles  N.  of  Bareilly.    Pop.  6151. 

Almoradi,  fl,l-mo-r4-Dee',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
on  the  Segura,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1725. 

Almoral,  al-mo-ral',  a  post- village  in  Oneida  township, 
Delawkre  co.,  Iowa,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  and  4 
miles  N.  of  Earlville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Almos,  irmosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  ft 
miles  from  Debreczin.     Pop.  2020. 

Alms  House,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Almudevar,  41-moo-d4-vaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ara- 
gon,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Huesca.     Pop.  2702. 

Almunecar,  il-moon-y4-kaR'  (anc.  Sex'i),  a  seaport 
town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Mediterranean,  33 
miles  S.  of  Granada.  Pop.  4710.  Chief  trade  in  cotton, 
sugar,  and  export  of  fruit. 

Almunia  de  Dona  Godina,  4l-moo'ne-4  d4  d6n'y& 
go-Dee'n4,  a  t«wn  of  Spain,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Grio. 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3682. 

Almwych,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Amlwch. 

Almy,  al'm§,  a  post-village  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  is 
in  the  Bear  River  Valley,  3^  miles  from  Evanston.  It  has 
3  churches,  and  valuable  coal-mines.     Pop.  1500. 

Al'myville,a  village  in  Plainfield,  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
on  Moosup  River,  1  mile  from  Moosup  Station.  It  has  a 
.church,  and  manufactures  of  cottons,  <fcc. 

AIna,  all'na,  a  post-township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Sheepscott  River,  at  the  head  of  the  tide,  about  20  mileff 


ALN 


471 


ALP 


S.S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop.  747. 

AIne,  iln  ?  the  name  of  three  small  rivers  of  England,  in 
the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Northumberland,  and  Warwick. 

AInemouth,  a  town  of  England.    See  Alemouth. 

Alney,  &l'nee,  an  island  in  the  river  Severn,  England, 
CO.  and  half  a  mile  from  Gloucester. 

A I  n  o ,  il'no,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  9  miles  long 
by  4  miles  broad.     Lat.  62°  25'  N.;  Ion.  17°  20'  E. 

AInovia,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Jolsva. 

Alnwick)  or  Alnewick,  an'nik,  a  market-town  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  on  the  river 
Alne,  from  which  it  derives  its  name,  32  miles  by  railway 
N.  of  Newcastle.  The  streets  are  in  general  spacious,  well 
paved,  and  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  town  throughout  is 
abundantly  supplied  with  water.  The  houses  are  mostly  of 
freestone,  and  many  of  them  handsome.     Pop.  6218. 

Alnwick  Castle^  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland, adjoins  the  above  town  on  the  N.  It  covers  five 
acres,  and  has  belonged  to  the  Percy  family  since  the  reign 
of  Edward  II. 

Al-Obeid)  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Obeid. 

Aloisdorf,  &l'o-ees-doRr,  a  village  of  Moravia,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Olmiitz,  with  large  iron-works.     Pop.  2000. 

Alonia,  i-lo'nee-i,  or  Liman  Pasha,  le-m&n'  p&'- 
shi*  (anc.  Halo'ne),  a  small  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
Sea  of  Marmora.     It  has  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Alon'zaville,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 

Alooshta,  or  Aluschta,  &-loosh't&,  sometimes  written 
Alouchta,  an  anciemt  Tartar  town  of  Russia,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Crimea,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Simferopol.  In  the 
sixth  century,  its  castle,  which  bore  the  name  of  Alouston, 
was  repaired  by  the  Emperor  Justinian.  The  ruins  of  the 
castle  still  remain. 

Aloota,  Alonta,  or  Aluta,  &-Ioo't&,  called  also  Alt, 
&lt,  a  rapid  river  of  "Transylvania,  rises  in  the  Carpathian 
Mountains,  crosses  Wallachia,  and  joins  the  Danube  at 
Nicopolis,  after  a  course  of  270  miles. 

Alora^  i-lo'ri,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  24  miles 
N.AV.  of  Malaga.  Agriculture,  pressing  of  oil,  and  the 
manufacture  of  soap  are  the  chief  industries.     Pop.  8370. 

Alore,  i-lor',  a  large  village  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Nellore. 

Alorie,  i-lo'ree,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Yarriba,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Katunga,  and  180  miles  N.E. 
of  Lagos.     Lat.  8°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  46'  E. 

Alosno,  i-los'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Huelva.     Pop.  3061. 

Alost,  i'lost,  or  Aalst,  3.1st,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  15  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Brussels.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Dender,  which  has  been  converted  into  a 
canal,  from  Alost  to  the  Scheldt  at  Dendermonde,  8  miles 
below.  The  handsomest  building  is  the  church  of  St.  Mar- 
tin, one  of  the  finest  in  Belgium.  The  chief  public  insti- 
tutions besides  the  college,  a  handsome  structure,  are  the 
hospital,  the  academy  of  design,  the  chamber  of  commerce, 
and  the  horticultural  society.  Corn,  oil,  and  particularly 
hops,  are  extensively  grown  in  the  neighborhood.  Lace, 
leather,  tobacco,  beer,  spirits,  linen,  cottons,  chemicals,  and 
metallic  iron  goods  are  manufactured.  Alost  was  anciently 
the  capital  of  Imperial  Flanders.     Pop.  in  1890,  24,078. 

Alouchta,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Alooshta. 

Alonta,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Aloota. 

Alozayna,  i-lo-thi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Granada, 
N.E.  of  Coin.     Pop.  3218. 

Alp,  a  mountain-range  of  Germany.     See  Alb. 

AlpalhSo,  il-p&l-y6wN»',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1769. 

Alpar,  6rp|R',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  1050. 

Alpar,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Theiss, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Csongrad.     Pop.  2154. 

Alp  bach,  41p-b8.K',  a  village  of  the  Tyrol  (Austria),  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rattenberg.     Pop.  1024. 

Alpedrinha,  il-pi-dreen'ya,  a  village  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Beira,  10  miles  S.  of  Fundao.     Pop.  1634. 

Alpen,  the  German  for  Alps,  which  see. 

Alpena,  al-pe'na,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Lake  Huron  and  Thunder  Bay,  and  intersected  by  the 
Nenelaw  and  Thunder  Bay  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Alpena.  Pop.  in  ISSO, 
8789;  in  1890,  16,581. 

Alpena,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Alpena  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Thunder  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Thunder  Bay  River,  about 
125  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Saginaw  City.    It  has  13  churches, 


4  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  2  foundries,  a  union  sohool, 
and  several  saw-,  planing-,  and  shingle-mills.  Much  lum- 
ber is  shipped  at  this  port.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,283. 

Alpena,  a  post- village  of  Jerauld  co.,  S.D.,  38  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  250. 

Alpera,  &l-p&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  30  milM 
N.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2815. 

Alpes,  the  Latin  and  French  for  Alps. 

Alpes,  Basses.    See  Basses-Alpes. 

Alpes  Carnicse,  ancient  name  of  the  Carnic  Alps. 

Alpes  Cottiae,  ancient  name  of  the  Cottian  Alps. 

Alpes  Dinaricae,  Latin  name  of  the  Dinaric  Alps. 

Alpes,  Hautes.    See  Hautes-Alpes. 

Alpes-Maritimes,  3,lp^mi'reeHeem',  the  southeast- 
ernmost  department  of  France,  consisting  of  the  former 
comti  of  Nice,  ceded  to  France  from  Italy  in  1860,  together 
with  the  arrondissement  of  Grasse,  detached  from  the  de- 
partment of  Var.  Area,  1518  square  miles.  On  the  N. 
and  E.,  ranges  of  the  Alps  divide  it  from  Italy ;  on  the'S.  it 
is  bounded  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  de- 
partments of  Var  and  Basses-Alpes.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
picturesque  regions  in  France,  having  a  diversified  surface, 
a  mild  and  agreeable  climate,  fertile  valleys,  and  well-tim 
bered  mountains.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railways.  The 
olive,  orange,  lemon,  citron,  and  vine  flourish  here,  and  the 
cultivation  of  flowers  for  perfumers'  use  is  a  leading  indus- 
try. Grain,  timber,  tobacco,  silk,  honey,  wax,  oil,  and  soap 
are  largely  produced.  Copper,  lignite,  manganese,  and  lead 
are  mined.     Capital,  Nice.     Pop.  in  1891,  258,571. 

Al'pha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  10  miles  N,  of 
Danville. 

Alpha,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  St.  Louis, 
Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  18  miles  W.  of  Galva.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  graded  school. 

Alpha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  about  20  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Alpha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Natchitoches  parish.  La.,  aboat 
18  miles  N.  of  Natchitoches. 

Alpha,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  15  miles  from 
Trenton,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  ploughs,  flour,  &c. 
Pop.  about  200.     It  is  also  called  Nevada. 

Alpha,  a  station  of  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Eureka 
&  Palisade  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Alpha,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
&  Xenia  Railroad,  at  Harbine's  Station,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Dayton.    It  has  a  church,  flour-mill,  saw-mill,  and  oil-milL 

Alphse,  the  ancient  name  of  Pisa. 

Alpharet'ta,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Milton  co.,  Ga., 
about  27  miles  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Roswell. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Alphen,  iPf^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Rhine,  7  miles  E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  3171. 

Alphen-en-Riel,  il'f^n-Sn-reel,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  1736. 

Alpheus,  a  river  of  Greece.     See  Rouphia. 

Alphonse  (aPfonz')  Islands,  two  small  islands,  sur- 
rounded by  extensive  reefs,  situated  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 
The  N.  point  is  in  lat.  6°  59'  30"  S.,  Ion.  52°  41'  E. 

Alpignano,  41-peen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1906. 

Alpine,  al'peen  or  al'pin,  a  county  of  California,  bor- 
dering on  Nevada,  has  an  area  of  about  766  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Stanislaus  and  Mokelumne  Rivers, 
which  rise  within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  spruce  and  pine  trees, 
which  grow  to  a  large  size.  This  county  comprises  several 
peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  one  of  which,  called  Silver 
Mountain,  rises  more  than  10,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Silver-mines  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which  con- 
tains abundance  of  granite  and  quartz.  Capital,  Mark- 
ieeville.     Pop.  in  1870,  685;  in  1880,  53«;  in  1890,  667. 

Alpine,  a  post- village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  99  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Selma,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Childersburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Alpine,  a  post- village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Hot  Springs,  and  about  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rook. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  about  29 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Alpine,  a  posVvillage  of  Chaffee  co..  Col.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Gunnison. 


ALP 


472 


ALP 


Alpine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga.,  44  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Chattanooga.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Alpine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Whitewater  River,  19  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cambridge  City. 
It  has  a  church,  grist-mill,  and  saw-mill. 

Alpine,  a  post- village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Alpine 
township,  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Grand  Hapids.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about 
300;  of  township,  1348. 

Alpine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fergus  co.,  Mont.,  20  miles 
B.  by  N.  of  Lewistown. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  is  near  the 
Palisades  of  the  Hudson,  and  in  Harrington  township,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cath- 
arine township,  on  Cayuta  Creek,  6  miles  E.  of  Havana, 
and  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  furniture. 

Alpine,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Warrington 
township,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg. 

Alpine,  a  post- village,  the  capital  of  Brewster  co.,  Tex., 
62  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Valentine.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
school.     Pop.  about  700. 

Alpine  City,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  in  a  fine 
farming  and  fruit-growing  locality,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lehi 
City.     It  has  a  Mormon  church. 

Alpine  Depot,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  lUilroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Berkeley  Springs, 
Fine  glass-sand  is  obtained  here. 

Alpirsbach,  il'peeRS-biK^,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Kinzig.     Pop.  1250. 

Alpuach,  ilp'niK,  or  Alpnacht,  &lp'nd,Kt,  a  village 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Unterwalden,  on  the  S.W.  arm 
of  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lucerne.  Pop. 
1630.  The  Slide  of  Alpnach  was  a  remarkable  wooden 
railway,  by  which  timber  from  Mount  Pilatus  was  formerly 
conveyed  down  to  the  lake. 

Al'port,  a  river  port  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Muskoka,  4  miles  from  Bracebridge. 

Alpowa,  al'po^wa,  a  post-village  of  Garfield  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 15  miles  W.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

Alps,  &lps,  a  range  of  mountains  the  most  remarkable 
in  Europe  in  extent,  and  surpassed  in  height  by  the  Cau- 
casus alone  among  European  mountains.  They  form  a 
crescent-shaped  chain,  covering  the  greater  part  of  Swit- 
zerland, and  part  of  France,  Northern  Italy,  Bavaria,  Aus- 
tria, and  Bosnia,  forming  the  central  portion  of  the  great 
mountain-system  which,  in  a  manner  more  or  less  connected, 
extends  from  Cape  Finisterre,  on  the  Atlantic,  to  the  Black 
Sea.  The  Alps  may  be  said  to  originate  on  the  shores  of 
the  Mediterranean,  between  Lyons  and  Nice.  Separating 
the  basin  of  the  Rhone  from  the  affluents  of  the  Po,  the 
chain  stretches  across  Switzerland  and  Tyrol  to  the  sources 
of  the  Drave  and  Salzach  Rivers,  where  it  bifurcates. 
The  N.  branch  covers  the  country  round  Salzburg,  in  Upper 
Austria,  and  proceeds  N.E.  to  Galicia ;  while  the  S.  branch 
subdivides  on  the  frontiers  of  Illyria  into  two  branches,  in- 
cluding the  basin  of  the  Save,  and  appears  to  terminate  at 
the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  at  the  banks  of  the  Kulpa, 
From  this  river,  however,  a  chain  stretches  S.E.  through 
Dalmatia  and  Bosnia,  lowering  down  at  the  river  Narenta 
(an  affluent  of  the  Adriatic),  which  is  conventionally  as- 
sumed as  the  S.E.  boundary  of  the  Alps.  From  the  slopes 
of  the  Alps  flow,  directly  or  by  affluents,  the  great  rivers  of 
Central  Europe,  the  Danube,  Rhine,  Rhone,  and  Po,  From 
the  Jura  Mountains  the  Alps  are  separated  by  the  narrow 
gorge  through  which  the  Rhone  passes  below  Geneva,  and 
from  the  Apennines  by  the  valley  of  Savona. 

The  Alps  comprise  the  following  divisions.  The  Western 
Alps  consist  of  branches  which  have  a  general  direction 
from  S.  to  N.  They  extend,  under  the  name  of  the  Mari- 
time Alps,  from  the  sea  to  Monte  Viso,  near  the  sources  of 
the  Po.  The  Cottian  Alps  prolong  the  chain  to  Mont  Cenis, 
and  include  Mont  GenSvre ;  and  the  Graian  Alps  include 
Little  St.  Bernard,  and  terminate  at  Mont  Blanc.  The 
Eastern  Alps,  which  extend  from  W.  to  E.,  having  much 
greater  breadth,  are  separated  into  a  northern  and  a  southern 
series ;  the  former  comprise  the  Bernese  Alps,  on  the  N.  of 
the  valley  of  the  Rhone,  the  Alps  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  N.W. 
of  the  valley  of  the  Rhine,  the  Noric  Alps,  extending  from 
Lake  Constance  to  the  Eahlenberg,  near  Vienna,  and  the 
Styrian  Alps,  a  small  chain  between  the  Noric  and  Carnic 
Alps.  The  southern  series  is  composed  of  the  Pennine 
Alps,  between  Mont  Blanc  and  Monte  Rosa ;  the  Lepontine 
Alps,  thence  to  the  San  Bernardino,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Upper  Rhine ;  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  which  terminate  at  Monte 
Crooe,  near  the  sources  of  the  Piave ;  and  the  Carnic  Alps, 


extending  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  river  Mur,  which  sepa 
rates  them  from  the  mountains  of  Bakony,  The  Dinaric 
Alps,  N.E.  of  the  Adriatic,  link  this  system  to  that  of 
Albania  and  Greece.  Mont  Blanc,  which  attains  an  eleva- 
tion of  15,810  feet,  is  the  culminating  point  of  the  Alps  and 
of  all  Europe ;  the  other  principal  summits  are  Monte  Rosa, 
15,208  feet,  Finster-Aarhom,  m  the  Bernese  Alps,  14,026 
feet,  Monte  Viso,  12,585  feet,  the  Ortler-Spitze,  in  the  Rhas- 
tian  Alps,  12,852  feet,  the  Gross  Glockner,  in  the  Norio 
Alps,  13,100  feet,  the  Terglou,  in  the  Carnic  Alps,  9380  feet, 
and  the  Eisenhut  (see  Styria),  in  the  Styrian  Alps, 

The  passes  of  the  Alps,  called  in  French  cole,  that  is,  de- 
pressions, are  roads  by  which  communication  is  eS"ected 
between  districts  on  opposite  sides  of  the  mountains.  They 
may  be  divided  into  three  classes :  1,  those  practicable  for 
wheeled  carriages ;  2,  those  practicable  for  horses  or  mules ; 
3,  those  suited  only  for  foot-passengers.  Of  the  first  class, 
by  far  the  most  frequented  are  the  Mont  Cenis,  6775  feet 
high,  a  route  from  France  to  Italy;  the  Simplon,  6592 
feet  high,  from  Valais  into  Piedmont ;  the  Spliigen,  6935 
feet  high,  and  the  San  Bernardino,  from  the  Grisons  into 
Lombardy.  Under  the  Col  de  Fr6jus  the  Mont  Cenis  Rail- 
way tunnel  has  been  executed ;  the  St.  Gotbard  tunnel,  in 
the  Central  Alps,  was  opened  in  1882,  and  the  Arlberg 
Railway  in  1884.  A  railway  across  the  Mont  Cenis  pass 
has  also  been  in  operation.  Other  passes  are  the  Col  de 
Tenda,  in  the  Maritime  Alps,  6160  feet;  the  pass  of  Mont 
GenSvre,  in  the  Cottian  Alps,  6560  feet;  the  pass  of  the 
Great  St.  Bernard,  8150  feet;  and  the  pass  of  Mount  St. 
Gothard,  in  the  Lepontine  Alps,  6976  feet. 

The  higher  Alps  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and 
present,  with  their  magnificent  glaciers,  innumerable  cas- 
cades, and  the  forests  and  meadows  which  cover  their  flanks, 
the  most  imposing  and  picturesque  scenery  in  Europe.  It 
is  calculated  that  in  the  Alps  there  are  fields  of  ice  covering 
an  area  of  1500  square  miles,  of  100  feet  in  thickness.  Gla- 
ciers are  to  be  met  with  in  various  regions,  but  those  of  the 
Alps  have  been  more  minutely  investigated  than  any  others. 
They  present  the  appearance  of  a  frozen  torrent,  frequently 
several  miles  in  length,  traversed  by  deep  rents  called  crev- 
asses, and  are  composed  of  snow  frozen  into  granular  ice,  or 
rather  of  a  compound  of  ice  and  water  more  or  less  yield- 
ing, according  to  the  state  of  wetness  or  infiltration.  Gla- 
ciers are  by  no  means  stationary,  except  probably  during 
winter,  but  continually  moving,  their  rate  of  progress 
during  summer  being  from  18  to  24  inches  in  24  hours. 
On  their  surface  they  bear  large  quantities  of  stones,  some 
of  them  of  enormous  size,  brought  down  from  the  mountain 
recesses.  These  heaps  are  deposited  at  the  foot  of  the  gla- 
ciers, and  form  terminal  moraines,  presenting  the  geologist 
with  materials  for  studying  the  structure  of  the  mountains 
whence  they  have  been  derived.  In  thickness,  glaciers 
range  from  a  few  feet  to  several  hundreds.  In  the  valleys 
above  the  glaciers,  lakes  are  sometimes  formed,  which,  burst- 
ing their  barriers,  rush  down  with  destructive  fury. 

Among  the  remarkable  phenomena  connected  with  the 
Alps  are  the  whirlwinds,  called  tourmentea  (tooR^mfiNt')  by 
the  French,  and  Ouxen  (g65x'?n)  by  the  Germans.  They 
arise  with  great  violence,  often  accompanied  by  thunder  and 
lightning,  tossing  the  snow  in  eddying  clouds,  and  frequently 
setting  in  motion  the  still  more  formidable  avalanche. 
The  last  (called  in  French  Lavanche,  liV6Nsh',  or  Lavange, 
liVfiNzh';  German,  Lavoine,  15,-'^ee'n§h,  or  Lauwine,  15w- 
^ee'n^h)  may  be  described  as  enormous  masses  of  snow, 
which,  detached  by  various  causes  from  their  original  posi- 
tion, roll  with  tremendous  noise  and  force  over  rock  and  preci- 
pice, down  to  the  plains  below.  A  touch  of  the  foot,  or  the 
slightest  motion  of  the  air,  even  that  produced  by  the  sound 
of  a  small  bell  or  other  instrument,  is  often  sufficient  to  set  the 
avalanche  in  motion.  The  most  destructive  are  those  which 
are  composed  of  hardened  snow,  and  which,  rolling  or  sliding 
down,  carry  all  before  them.  From  the  frequent  occurrence 
of  avalanches,  some  parts  of  the  Alps  are  entirely  uninhab- 
ited ;  and  in  others  large  patches  of  the  tallest  and  strongest 
trees  are  left  standing,  in  order  to  arrest  their  progress. 

The  higher  ridges  of  the  Alps  consist  of  granite,  gneiss, 
and  other  primitive  rocks,  flanked  by  a  wide  extent  of 
limestone,  sandstone,  and  slate.  The  summits  ascend  con- 
siderably above  the  line  of  perpetual  snow  (in  this  latitude 
about  8900  feet  above  the  sea) :  glaciers  descend  as  low  as 
3400  feet  above  the  sea.  Wheat  is  raised  at  an  elevation  of 
3600  feet;  oats, at  4900  feet;  barley, at  5100  feet;  pines  and 
larches,  as  high  as  6500  feet  above  the  sea;  and  the  Alpine 
rose  reaches  the  limit  of  perpetual  snow.  The  mineral 
products  are  chiefly  iron,  copper,  and  lead ;  but  quicksilver, 

rock-salt,  and  some  gold  and  silver  are  met  with. Adj. 

Alpine,  &l'pln. 


1 


ALP 


473 


ALT 


A.Ips,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Nassau 
township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Troy. 

Alps,  Lower,  in  France.     See  Basses-Alpes. 

Alps,  Swabian,  mountains.    See  Alb. 

Alps,  Upper,  in  France.    See  Hautes-Alpes. 

Alps'ville,  a  village  in  South  Versailles  township,  Al- 
leghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Youghioghony  River  and  the  Pitts- 
burg &  Connellsville  Railroad,  near  Coultersville,  21  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church,  also  coal-mines,  Ac. 

Alpuente,  il-poo-6n'ti  or  il-pw5n'ti,  a  town  of  Spain, 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  1165.  It  was  a  Roman 
station,  and  has  many  ancient  remains. 

Alpuj arras,  or  Alpuxarras,  il-poo-nan'Ris,  a  moun- 
tainous region  of  Spain,  in  Granada,  extending  from  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  Sierra  Nevada,  divided  between  the 
provinces  of  Granada  and  Almeria. 

Alqui'na,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond;  has  a  church,  and  lumber-mills. 

Al'resford,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Winchester.  Pop.  1623.  Old  Alresford,  a 
parish,  co.  of  Hants,  adjoins  the  above. 

Alroe,  il'ro^^h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Horsens-Fiord.  Lat.  55°  50'  N.;  Ion.  10"  6'  E.  It  con- 
tains a  village  called  Alroe-By.     Pop.  300. 

Alsace,  iPsiss'  (L.  Alaatia,  al-si'she-a;  Ger.  Ehans, 
Sl'siss),  an  old  German  province,  having  the  Rhine  on  the 
E.,  and  the  Vosges  Mountains  on  the  W.  Ceded  to  France 
in  1648,  it  formed  the  French  departments  of  Ilaut-Rhin 
and  Bas-llhin  until  1871,  when  it  was  nearly  all  restored  to 
Germany  and  became  a  part  of  the  new  province  of  Alsace- 
Lorraine.  It  now  forms  the  districts  of  Ober-Elsass  (Upper 
Alsace),  area  1353  square  miles,  pop.  452,642,  and  Nieder- 
TSlsass  (Lower  Alsace),  area  1844  square  miles,  pop.  597,850. 
K  large  majority  of  the  people  speak  German. 

Alsace,  al'sass,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about 
3  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  1  woollen-mill, 
and  several  grist-mills.     Pop.  1294. 

Alsace-IiOrraine,  irs&ss'  loR^R&n'  (Ger.  Elsaaa-Loth- 
ringen,  Sl'siss  lot'ring-§n),  a  province  of  Germany,  under 
direct  imperial  government.  Formed  in  1871  from  the  ter- 
rit'-ries  acquired  from  the  French  by  the  treaty  of  May  10, 
it  received  a  definite  government  in  1874.  It  is  divided 
into  the  districts  of  Ober-  and  Nieder-Elsass  (see  Alsace) 
and  Lorraine  (which  see).  Area,  5603  square  miles.  It  is 
a  fertile  and  well-timbered  region,  with  great  mineral  wealth, 
and  with  active  and  varied  manufactures.  Capital,  Stras- 
burg.  Chief  towns,  Strasburg,  Miilhausen,  Metz,  and  Colmar. 
Pop.  in  1885,  1,564,354;  in  1890,  1,603,987. 

Al-Salik,  or  Ai-8alih,  il-sdMeeiv',  a  town  of  Arabia, 
about  2  miles  from  its  S.  coast.  It  has  200  houses.  The 
surrounding  country  is  well  cultivated. 

Alsasua,  il-sJ'soo-i,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  on  the  Northern  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Pamplona-Barcelona  line.     Pop.  1342. 

Alsatia,  al-s4'she-a,  a  landing-place  of  East  Carroll 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  above  Vicks- 
Durg,  Miss.     Here  is  Illawara  Post-OflSce. 

Alsatia,  the  Latin  name  of  Alsace. 

Alsdorf,  ils'doRf,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  1752. 

Alsea,  arsc'a,  or  Alse'ya,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Alseya  River,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Alsekh,  al'sik,  or  Behring's  (ber'ingz)  River,  a 
stream  of  Alaska,  reaches  the  sea  N.W.  of  Cape  Fairweather, 
by  5  mouths,  which  are  at  times  covered  by  the  water,  form- 
ing a  lagoon  called  Dry  Bay. 

Alsen,  il's^n,  an  island  of  Prussia,  Sleswick,  in  the 
Baltic,  near  the  mainland.     Pop.  about  25,000. 

Alsen,  all'sfn,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  in  a  fine 
agricultural  region,  30  miles  E.  of  Yankton,  and  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Beresford. 

Alsenborn,  irsen-boRn\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1018. 

Alseno,  il-si'no,  a  town  of  ItjUy,  province  and  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  4381. 

Alseiiz,  il'sents,  a  village  of  Germany,  kingdom  of 
Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,  20  miles  N.  of  Kaiserslautern. 
It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  1589. 

Alsey,  all'se,  a  post-village  of  Scott  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of 
Alton.     It  has  several  churches. 

Alse'ya,  a  small  river  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  runs  nearly 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  about 
60  miles  long. 

Alsfeld,  ais'fSlt,  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Hohwalm,  26 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  3612. 
31 


Alsheim,  &l8'hime,  a  village  of  Hesse  (Germany),  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1579. 

Al  Sibkah,  &1  Eib'k&,  or  Lowdeah,  15w-dec'%  {i.e.. 
El  Watce'a,  "low  or  marshy  ground"),  an  extensive  salt 
lake  of  Tunis,  lat.  33°  30'  N.,  Ion.  9°  E.  Length,  about  80 
miles;  breadth,  nearly  20  miles.  In  summer  it  is  dried  ap, 
exhibiting  nothing  but  a  crust  of  salt. 

Aisle  ben,  ils'li^b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in 
Merseburg,  29  miles  S.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  2920.  Alt 
(Old)  Alslebex,  an  adjoining  village.     Pop.  2270. 

Also,  srsho',  a  Hungarian  prefix,  signifying  "lower," 
and  often  seen  in  the  names  of  towns. 

Also-Apsa,  ol'sho'  op'shdh^  (Ger.  Unteropsa,  66n't§r- 
op'si),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Szigeth.     Pop.  3420. 

Also-Cserndton,  srsho'  ch5r^na,'ton\  a  town  of  Aus- 
tria-Hungary, Transylvania,  circle  of  Kronstadt.    P.  2129. 

Also-Dabas,  SPsho'  ddb^dsb',  a  village  of  Hangarj, 
00.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2250. 

Also-Dios,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Nussdorf. 

Also-Dubrava,  SPsho'  doo-br6h'v6h\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad,  on  the  Murakoz,  near  the  junction 
of  the  Mur  with  the  Drave. 

Als6-F6her-VAr,  orsho'  ffih'^r  v&r  (Ger.  Unteneeit- 
tenburg,  66n't§r-<^Is's§n-b6SRG*),  a  county  of  Transylvania, 
Austria-Hungary,  takes  its  name  from  its  principal  town, 
Karlsburg,  which  was  once  called  Al86-F6her-Vfir  in  the 
Hungarian  language.     Pop.  227,260. 

Also-Kosinye,  srsho'  ko-seen'yi*,  a  town  of  the 
Croato-Slavonian  frontier,  Austria-Hungary,  12  miles  S.  of 
Ottocsa.     Pop.  3120. 

Also-Kubin, orsho'  koo^been',  a  town  of  Hungary,  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Arva,  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Neusohl.  P.  1360. 

Also-Lipnicza,  srsho'  lip^neet'sSh\  a  Slovak  village 
of  Upper  Hungary,  co.  of  Arva,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Kesmark. 
It  has  lignite-mines.     Pop.  1960. 

Al  s6-Metzenz6f,  5rsho'  met^sSn^zSf ,  or  Untermet- 
zenseifen,  6onHer-met'8§n-sI-f§n,  a  German  town  of 
North  Hungary,  co.  of  Torna,  17  miles  W.  of  Kaachau.  It 
has  iron-  and  copper-mines  and  furnaces.     Pop.  3480. 

Also-Mislye,  orsho'  meesh'l'yfih,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Aba-uj-Vdr,  7  miles  from  Kaschau.     Pop.  1060. 

Als6-N6medi,  srsho'  nfi'mS*dee\  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2150  (Calvinists). 

Also-Pazariste,  srsho'  poh^z5h^reesh't6h,  a  village 
of  Austria-Hungary,  Croato-Slavonian  military  frontier 
It  has  remarkable  caves.     Pop.  2000. 

Also-Torya,  SPsho'  t6r'yoh\  a  village  of  Transylva- 
nia, Austria  Hungary,  38  miles  N.  of  Hdromsz6k ;  has  sul- 
phur-mines, acid  saline  springs,  and  is  near  the  extinct  vol- 
cano BUdo.    Pop.  2150,  including  the  adjacent  Felso-Torya. 

Also-Vidra,  5rsh5'  vee'dr6h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
in  Transylvania,  co.  of  Alsfi-F^her-Vdr ;  remarkable  for  its 
petrifactions.     Pop.  2266. 

Also-Visso,  srsho'  vish^shS',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Marmaros,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  1700. 

Alstiidde,  or  Alstedde,  Al'stid-d^h,  a  village  of 
Westphalia,  Prussia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ahaus.     Pop.  1485. 

Alstahoug,  4ls'ti-hoog\  a  village  of  Norway,  province 
of  Nordland,  the  most  northern  bishopric  in  Europe,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  island  of  Alsten. 

AI stead,  al'stfid,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Keene,  contains  the  villages  of  Alstead 
and  Alstead  Centre.     Pop.  in  1880,  1037 :  in  1890,  870. 

Alstead,  a  post- village  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H.,  in  Alstead 
township,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bellows  Falls,  Vt.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  paper-mill. 

Alstead  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H., 
in  Alstead  township,  about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Keene,  and 
6  miles  from  Cold  River  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Alsten,  il'st^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  province  of  Nord- 
land. Lat.  66°  N. ;  Ion.  13°  E.  The  island  is  mountainous; 
one  of  the  Seven  Sisters  has  an  elevation  of  4379  feet. 

AJster,  Al'st^r,  a  navigable  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  Hol- 
stein,  and  flows  into  the  Elbe  at  Hamburg. 

Alston,  a  town  of  England.    See  Alsstone. 

Alston,  all'st^n,  a  post- village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  on 
Broad  River  and  on  the  Greenville  <k  Columbia  Railroad  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Spartanburg  A  Union  Railroad,  25  milee 
N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  several  churches. 

Alswede,  &ls'^d,-d^h,  a  village  of  Westphalia,  Pmssia^ 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Lubbecke.     Pop.  1215. 

Alt,  &lt,  or  Alten,  il't^n,  a  German  word,  signifying 
"old,"  the  prefix  of  numerous  names  in  Central  Europe,  M 
Alt-Ofen,  "Old  Ofen."  Such  compounds  are  sometimet 
given  under  the  names  to  which  they  are  prefixed. 

Alt*  a  river  of  Transylvania.    See  Aloota. 


ALT 


474 


ALT 


Alta,  il'ti,  or  Alte,  a  village  of  Portugal,  N.  of  Louie. 

Alta,  Al'ta,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Tentral  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  is  2  miles  from  the  Great  American  Canon,  and  has  2  hotels 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Gold  is  found  near  here. 

Alta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in  Medina  town- 
ship, on  the  Rook  Island  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Peoria. 

Alta,  a  post-village  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa,  in  Noko- 
mis  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  59  miles  W. 
■of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  elevators  for  grain.     Pop.  900. 

Alta,  a  post-office  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  in  Alta  town- 
ship, 10  miles  N.  of  Burton  Railroad  Station.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  the  Little  Arkansas  River.     Pop.  417. 

Alta,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield  &  Newark  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mansfield. 

Alta,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Salt  Lake  co., 
Utah,  is  at  the  head  of  Little  Cottonwood  Canon,  7  miles 
from  Wasatch  Railroad  Station.  It  has  1  church  and  sev- 
eral silver-mines.  A  horse  tramway  connects  Alta  with 
Wasatch  Station. 

Alta  California,  the  Spanish  for  Upper  California. 

Altafulla,  k\-tk-fooVyk,  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles  E. 
of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1150. 

Alta  Gracia,  il'tS,  gri'se  3,,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  on  the  Orinoco,  40  miles  S.  of  Bogota. 

Alta  Gracia,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
ince of  Cordova,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  4000. 

Alta  Gracia,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Maracaybo  Strait. 

Altai,  il-tV,  more  correctly  Alta  Yeen  Oola  {i.e., 
"golden  mountain"),  a  group  of  mountains  projecting  into 
the  plains  of  Siberia  from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  elevated  ' 
table-land  of  Central  Asia,  and  lying  between  the  sources 
of  the  Irtish  on  the  W.  and  the  Yenisei  on  the  E.  At  the 
present  day  the  name  Altai  is  given  by  natives  and  Russian 
settlers  to  the  country  occupied  by  the  Kalmuks,  and  is  thus 
confined  in  its  application  within  comparatively  narrow 
bounds.  European  geographers,  on  the  other  hand,  have 
used  it  for  a  chain  of  mountains  extending  continuously 
from  the -upper  waters  of  the  Irtish  E.  to  Lake  Baikal. 
The  Altai  Mountains,  according  to  the  still  wider  usage  pre- 
vailing at  present,  extend  through  6^  degrees  of  latitude, 
viz.,  from  the  vicinity  of  Tomsk,  at  the  N.  foot  of  the  Alatoo, 
or  from  lat.  56°  N.,  to  the  confluence  of  the  Bookhtarma  and 
Irtish,  in  lat.  49°  30'  N. ;  and  through  7  degrees  of  longitude, 
from  the  mountains  of  Kolyvan,  in  the  W.  (Ion.  82°  E.),  to 
the  Sayan  chain,  in  the  E. 

Like  all  the  other  great  Asiatic  ranges,  this  system  may 
be  regarded  as  a  spur  or  oifshoot  of  the  great  Pameer  plateau, 
"  the  dome  of  the  world."  It  is  in  fact  not  a  range,  but  a 
group  composed  of  many  ranges,  most  of  which  appear  to 
have  a  generally  E.  and  W.  direction.  These  ranges  occupy 
about  40,000  geographical  square  miles  of  Russian  terri- 
tory; but  the  Altai  Mountains  also  cover  a  considerable 
part  of  Mongolia,  which  is  Chinese;  and  some  Kalmuks 
pay  taxes  to  the  agents  of  both  empires.  The  S.W.  slopes 
of  the  Oobinsk,  Oolbinsk,  and  Toorgoosoon  ranges  pour 
some  streams  into  the  Irtish,  while  the  N.E.  face  of  the 
Alatoo  range  contributes  to  the  Yenisei ;  but  with  few  ex- 
ceptions the  rivers,  which  are  large  as  well  as  numerous,  all 
flow  into  the  main  branch  of  the  Obi.  The  Altai  group  has 
been  described  as  a  vast  promontory,  connected  on  the  S. 
with  the  mainland  of  primitive  rocks,  and  surrounded  on 
the  other  three  sides  by  an  ocean  of  diluvial  deposits.  The 
physiognomy  of  the  Altai  Mountains  in  their  W.  and  S. 
divisions  is  generally  grand  and  interesting.  The  rivers, 
which  are  very  numerous,  flow  rapidly  with  full  streams ; 
and  the  forms  of  the  stratified  and  metamorphic  rocks,  of 
the  limestones,  porphyry,  and  granite,  with  the  snowy 
mountains  in  the  distance,  lend  to  the  scene  the  charm  of 
perpetual  novelty.  The  banks  of  the  Katoonya,  in  the 
neart  of  the  mountains,  present  a  landscape  of  most  im- 
pressive character :  an  immense  wall  of  rock  extending  from 
W.  to  E.  supports  fields  of  perpetual  snow  and  glaciers,  from 
the  midst  of  which  rise  numerous  rocky  points ;  while  in 
the  distance  are  seen  the  two  towering  peaks  named  the 
Pillars  of  the  Katoonya,  which  are  supposed  to  be  the  high- 
est summits  of  the  Altai  Mountains.  The  absolute  height 
of  the  Pillars  has  been  estimated  by  Dr.  Gebler  at  11,723 
feet,  and  by  Tchihatcheff  at  12,790  feet.  The  area  covered 
by  perpetual  snow  in  the  Altai  is  very  considerable,  but  the 
height  of  the  snow-line,  which  is  very  irregular,  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  yet  ascertained  by  exact  observation. 
In  the  S.  and  more  elevated  portion  of  the  Altai  its  general 
elevation  does  not,  perhaps,  fall  much  short  of  8000  feet. 
The  glaciers  occupy  a  large  extent,  but  they  never  descend 


far  below  the  snow-line.  The  Altai  Mountains  owe  their 
importance  chiefly  to  their  mineral  treasures,  gold,  silver, 
copper,  and  iron.  A  variety  of  porphyry,  commonly  styled 
jasper,  which  is  formed  in  the  lathe  into  handsome  vases 
and  takes  a  fine  polish,  may  be  enumerated  among  the  valu- 
able minerals  of  the  Altai. 

Alt-Alsleben,  a  village  of  Prussia.     See  Alsleben. 

Altamaha,  airta-ma-haw',  ariver  of  Georgia,  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Ocmulgee  and  Oconee,  which  unite  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  Montgomery  co.  It  runs  southeastward 
and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  12  miles  below  Darien.  It 
is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Altamaha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tatnall  co.,  Qa.,  15  miles 
S.  of  Reidsville. 

Altamira,  &l-ti-mee'ri,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tamaulipas,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Tampico. 

Altamont,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Altomonte. 

Altamont,  al't&-m5nt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  oo., 
Cal.,  56  miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Altamout,  a  post-village  and  railway  centre  of  Effing- 
ham CO.,  111.,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  63 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bement.  It  has  6  churches,  a  collegiate 
institute,  wood-working  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  1700. 

Altamont,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Labette  co., 
Kansas,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Altamont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Deer  Park. 

Altamont,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Helderberg  Mountains,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Altamont,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn., 
about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  is  on  the  Cumberland 
Mountain,  and  is  surrounded  by  interesting  scenery.  It 
has  a  hotel,  a  store,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Altamonte  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Wekiva  River,  and  on  the  South  Florida  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S.  of  Sanford.     Pop.  200. 

Altamnra,  &l-ti-moo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  prov. 
ince  of  Bari,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Bari.  It  is  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Zupatia. 
It  has  a  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and  wheat.     Pop.  17,109. 

Altar,  irtaR',  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  about  126 
miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Guaymas.     Pop.  1800. 

Alt-Arad,ilt-a,'rat  (Hun.  O^md,  o<5r'5d'),afreecity, 
capital  of  the  county  or  district  of  Arad,  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  contains  a  Greek  theological  seminary,  a  Catholic  gym- 
nasium, and  a  Wallachian  normal  school.  It  is  59  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Szegedin.  It  manufactures  tobacco  and  snuff, 
and  has  an  important  fair,  second  only  to  the  fairs  of  Pesth 
and  Debreczin.     Pop.  32,725.     See  Neu-Arad. 

Altare,  il-ti'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  (Jenoa, 
10  miles  W.  of  Savona,  in  the  Ligurian  Alps.     Pop.  1760. 

Altata,  il-ti'ti.,  a  port  of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  on  the 
Gulf  of  California,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Culiacan. 
Lat.  25°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  10'  W. 

Altavilla  Irpina,  il-ti-vU'lfi,  Ir-pee'ni,  a  village  of 
Italy,  6  miles  N.  of  Avellino.  It  has  mineral  springs. 
Pop.  3500. 

Altavilla  Milicia,  me-lee'chi,  a  village  and  com- 
mune of  Sicily,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Termini.     Pop.  2720. 

Altavilla  Monferrato,  m5n-ffiR-Ri'to,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1280. 

Altavilla  Silentina,  see-lSn-tee'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  10  miles  S.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  3110. 

Altavilla  Vicentina,  vee-chSn-tee'nS.,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  1630. 

Alta  Vista,  all'ta  vis'ta,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee 
CO.,  Kansas,  52  miles' by  rail  W.  of  Topeka,  and  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Alma.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Alta  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
from  Winston  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Al-tarwal,  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea.     See  Attawal. 

Altay,  alHa',  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Tyrone  township,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It 
has  1  church,  1  steam  flouring-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Altay  Mountains,  or  Alta  Yeen  Oola.  See 
Altai. 

Alt-Berun,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Berun. 

Alt-Breisach,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Breisach. 

Alt-Bruchhausen,  lit  brooK'how'z§n,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hoya.     Pop.  1111. 

Alt-Buntzlau,  ait  boonts'low  {i.e.,  "Old  Buntzlau"), 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  opposite  Brandeis,  14 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     It  has  a  collegiate  church,  with 


I 


ALT 


475 


ALT 


a  monnment  to  St.  Wenceslaus,  resorted  to  by  pilgrims. 

See  JuNG-BoNTZLAtJ. 

Altbiiron,  ilt-bii'rSn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Lucerne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Willisau.     Pop.  1091. 

Alt-Czetlicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Alt-Zedlitz. 
Altdamm,  ilt'd/lmra,  a  fortified  city  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Pomerania,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stettin,  where  the 
river  Plone  flows  into  Dammsche-See.     Pop.  4298. 
Altdorf,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Altorf. 
Altdorf,  ilt'doHf,  or  Altorf,  il'tonf,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Schwarzau,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  3160. 
Altdorf,  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  on 
the  high-road  from  OfTenburg  to  Freiburg.     Altdorf  is  also 
the  name  of  numerous  other  unimportant  localities. 

Altdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Plesse.     Pop.  1926. 

Altdorf^Weingarten,  ^Tn'ganH^n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Ravensburg.     Pop.  2450. 

Altca,  il-td'i,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on  a  bay  of  the 
same  name,  province  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante,  on  the 
Mediterranean.     Pop.  5193. 

Alt-£ibau,  ilt-i'bow,  or  Eibau,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Ebersbach.  It  has  large  linen-works.  Pop. 
4598;  of  the  adjacent  Neu-Eibau,  864. 

Alten,  il't^n,  a  river  of  Norway,  province  of  Finmark, 
falls  into  the  Alten-Fiord  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Altena,  3.1't§-ni,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Lcnne.  Pop.  7122.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  needles,  gloves,  iron,  and  steel. 

Altena,  a  city  of  Prussia.     See  Altona. 

Altenau,  S.l't§n-5w\  a  mining-town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, in  the  Harz  Mountains,  E.  of  Clausthal.  Pop.  1368. 
Altenau  is  also  the  name  of  several  other  villages  in  Prussia, 
Bavaria,  Ac. 

Altenbecken,  S.l't?n-b5k^?n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paderborn.     Pop.  1193. 

Altenberg,  il'ten-bfino^  ("old  hill"),  the  name  of  nu- 
merous towns,  villages,  and  districts  throughout  Germany, 
of  which  the  only  one  worthy  of  being  named  is  in  Saxony, 
20  miles  S.  of  Dresden,  capital  of  the  bailiwick  of  the  same 
name.     It  is  the  seat  of  local  courts  of  justice.     Pop.  2183. 

Altenberg,  Vieille-Montagne,  ve'il'  m6NoHan', 
Kalmis,  kil'mis,  or  Neutral  -Moresnet,  nuh'tril'  mo^- 
rfis^ni',  a  little  neutral  district,  on  the  frontier  of  the  Rhine 
province,  Prussia,  and  of  the  Belgian  province  of  Liege,  with 
a  village  of  the  same  names.  It  is  governed  conjointly  by 
Prussian  and  Belgian  oflScials,  the  Code  Napol6on  being  in 
force.  It  pays  a  tax  to  each  government.  Hat-making  and 
zinc-mining  are  leading  industries.     Pop.  3000. 

Altenbruch,  3,l't§n-brS5K\  a  parish  of  7  villages  in 
Prussia,  Hanover,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cuxhaven,     Pop.  2158. 

Altenburg,  duchy.  See  SAXE-ALTENBtrnG. 

Altenburg,  M't^n-booRG^  ("old  castle"),  a  city  of  Ger- 
many, capital  of  Saxe-Altenburg,  26  miles  S.  of  Leipsic  by 
railway.  Lat.  50°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  27'  E.  It  is  built  upon 
several  hills,  has  some  fine  streets  and  many  handsome  edi- 
fices, and  is  the  seat  of  the  higher  court  and  government 
offices.  It  has  a  normal  school,  a  fine  palace,  a  museum  of 
art,  a  gymnasium,  a  considerable  library,  hospitals,  philo- 
sophical, horticultural,  historical,  and  antiquarian  societies, 
a  drawing  academy,  a  theatre,  &o.  The  manufactures  are 
of  linen,  worsted,  brandy,  starch,  porcelain,  optical  instru- 
ments, Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  31,489. 

Altenburg  (Hun.  Magyar  Ovar,  m5d^y5R'  oV3r'),  a 
market-town  of  Hungary,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna,  in  a 
marsh,  on  an  island  in  the  Leytha.  Pop.  3454.  At  least 
48  places  in  Germany  have  the  name  of  Altenburg. 

Altenburg,  all't§n-biirg,  a  post- village  of  Perry  co..  Mo., 
about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  6  miles  W.  of  Grand 
Tower,  111.     It  has  2  churches,  1  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Altendorf,  41't§n-doRr  ("old  village"),  the  name  of 
numerous  villages  in  Bavaria,  Austria,  Prussia,  Saxony,  Ac, 

Altendorf,  the  name  of  two  villages  of  Moravia  (Aus- 
tria), one  in  the  circle  of  Prerau  (pop.  1200),  another  in  the 
circle  of  Olmiitz,  with  large  manufactures  (pop.  2130). 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9  miles  E. 
of  Neuhaus.     Pop.  1696. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sangerhausen.     Pop.  1245. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  11 
toiles  S.S.W.  of  Bochum.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  2014. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  nearly  con- 
tiguous to  the  town  of  Ratibor.     Pop.  2990. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  4  miles 
W.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1550. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schwyta, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Zurich.     Pop-  1296. 


Altendorf-Frohnhansen,  fr5n'h8w-z?n,  a  dirtriot 
or  suburb,  3  miles  E.  of  Essen,  Rhenish  Prussia,  has  manj 
coal-mines,  whose  output  is  employed  in  the  iron-  and  steel- 
works of  Essen.     Pop.  10,412. 

Altenessen,  il't^n-Ss^s^n,  a  suburb  of  Essen,  Rhenish 
Prussia,  2  miles  N.  of  that  city.  Much  coal  is  here  mined, 
partly  for  use  in  the  Essen  works  and  partly  for  shipment. 
Pop.,  with  surroundings,  11,000. 

Altengaard,  il't?n-goRd^  a  seaport  of  Norway,  Fin- 
mark,  on  the  Alten,  at  the  head  of  a  fiord,  53  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Hammerfest.     Lat.  69°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  6'  20"  E. 

Alten-Gottern,  il't§n-got't§m,  a  village  of  Pmssiao 
Saxony,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1591. 

Altenharen,  il't§n-h4^r§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  8  miles  N.  of  Meppen,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Ems.     Pop.  1200. 

Altenneim,  S.l't§n-hime\  a  village  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  in  a  rich  champaign  country.     Pop.  2125. 

Altenhof,  fl,rt§n-hor,  a  village  of  Prussia,  Sleswiok,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Eckernfbrde.     Pop.  506. 

Altenkirchen,  ai't?n-kegRK^§n  (i.e.,  "old  churches"), 
a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  16  miles  N.  of  Coblentz,  on  the 
Wied.  Pop.  1472.  There  are  several  other  places  in  Ger- 
many natned  Altenkirchen. 

Altenmarkt,  8.1't§n-maRkt^  {i.e.,  "old  market"),  the 
name  of  numerous  unimportant  places  in  Germany. 

Altenmarkt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  nearly  adjacent  to 
the  town  of  Vilshofen,  being  just  S.  of  the  latter,  and  2  miles 
S.  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  1401. 
Altendtting,  in  Germany.     See  Alt-Oetting. 
Altenplatow,   il't^n-pliHov,   a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Genthin.     Pop.  1866. 

Altenstadt,  irt§n-st4tt^  {i.e.,  "old  town"),  the  name 
of  seven  unimportant  places  in  Bavaria,  two  in  Hesse,  one 
in  Wiirtemberg,  and  one  in  Austria. 

Altenstadt,  or  Altstadt,  41t'st&tt,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, Lower  Alsace,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Weissenburg.  Pop.  1217. 
Altenstadt,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Friedberg.     Pop.  1063. 

Altenstadt,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg,  1 
mile  N.W.  of  Geislingen,  on  the  river  Fils.     Pop.  1365*. 

Altensteig,  or  Altenstaig,  il't^n-stioS  a  village  of 
Wiirtemberg,  in  the  Black  Forest,  on  a  steep  mountain-side, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Nagold.     Pop.  2006. 

Altenweddingen,  il't^n-^fldMing-^n,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wanzleben.  It  has  lig- 
nite-mines, lime-kilns,  Ac.     Pop.  2938. 

Alter-do-Cham  (or  Chfio),  il-tain'  do  8hi'6H«  (al- 
most showN"),  a  walled  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Alem 
tejo,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  2774. 

Alter-do-Cham  (or  Chfto),  il-taiR'  do  shi'ftN",  a 
town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Tapajos,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Amazon,  10  miles  S.  of  Santarem. 

AltersAVeilen,  il't^rs-^i'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 

canton  of  Thurgau,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1196. 

AltersAvyl,    S.rt§rs-^eer,    or   Jnchschrot,    y65K'- 

shrot,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Freyburg,  7  miles 

E.  of  Freyburg.     Pop.  1175. 

Altewalde,  Al't^-^^rd^h,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neisse.   It  has  lignite-mines.     Pop.  1523. 

Altgebirg,   8,lt'gh§-bgeRo\  a  town  of  Hungary,  120 

miles  N.  of  Pesth,  and  8  miles  from  Neusohl.    It  has  mines 

of  argentiferous  copper.     Pop.  2184. 

Alt-Gradiska,  fl.It-gri-dis'ki,  a  fortress  of  Austria, 
Slavonia,  on  the  Save,  opposite  Berbir,  or  Turkish  Gradiska, 
and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Posega.     Pop.  1560. 
Althaea,  the  ancient  name  of  Oroaz. 
Alt-Haldensleben,  ilt-bil'd^ns-l&^b^n,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  2020. 
Althamro  (^r,  ^Ifhim-m^r,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Friedeck.     Pop.  2315. 

Althard,  Mt'hant,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on 
the  Thaya,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jamnitz.     Pop.  1160. 

Altheim,  &lt'him,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  0 
miles  S.E.  of  Waldurn.     Pop.  1181. 

Althorp  (all'thorp)  Manor,  in  the  co.  of  Northampton, 
England,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.  It  has  been 
possessed  by  the  Spencer  family  for  upwards  of  three  cen- 
turies, and  is  famous  for  its  noble  library. 

Alt'house,  a  post-hamlet  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon, 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Grant's  Pass. 

Altidona,  &l-te-do'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Ascoli-Piceno,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fermo,  and  near  the  Adriatic. 
Altier,  &lHe^4',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
LozSre,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Villefort.     Pop.  1290. 

Altilia,  or  Altiglia,  &l-teel'y&,  a  village  of  Italy,  ia 
Hither  Calabria,  12  miles  S.  of  Cosensa.     Pop.  1194. 


ALT 


476 


ALT 


AltillaC)  irtee'yik',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Corrdze,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Mercosur.     Pop.  1750. 

Altin,  or  Altyn,  il-tin',  or  Teletskoi,  or  Telet- 
skoe,  t4-lfit-8koi',  a  lake  of  Siberia,  320  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Tomsk.  It  is  of  irregular  shape,  75  miles  in  length  from  N. 
to  S.,  by  20  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  is  traversed  by 
a  hesMi-stream  of  the  Obi. 

Altino,  il-tee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1819. 

Altissimo,  il-tees'see-mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Vicenza,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Arzignano.     Pop.  2124. 

AltiTOIe,  41-tee'vo-Ii,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Treviso,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Asolo,     Pop.  2535. 

Alt- Jaischwitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Jaispitz. 

Alt-Karaiisebes.    See  Karanskbes. 

Alt-Karlstkal,  ilt  kanls'til,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Freudenthal.     Pop.  1996. 

All-Keer,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  0  Keer. 

Alt-Kemnitz,  ilt-kSm'nita  ("  Old  Kemnitz"),  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1260. 

Altkirck,  llt'keeRK,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Upper 
Alsace,  on  the  Basel-Belfort  Railway,  17  miles  W.  of  Baael. 
It  has  extensive  potteries.     Pop.  2956. 

Altkloster,  a.ljt'klos-t?r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Posen,  11  miles  S.  of  WoUstein.     Pop.  1165. 

Altmannsdorf,  41t'm4ns-doRf \  a  village  of  Austria,  3 
miles  S.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1036. 

Alt'man's,  a  station  in  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port 
Royal  Railroad,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Royal. 

Altmark,  ilt'maRk,  a  former  district  of  Prussia,  to  the 
left  of  the  river  Elbe,  now  a  part  of  the  circle  of  Magdeburg. 

Altmark,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  West  Prus» 
sia,  6  miles  E.  of  Stuhm.     Pop.  1137. 

Alt-Morschen«  ilt-moR'sh§n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
circle  of  Cassel,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Melsungen.     Pop.  787. 

Altmfihl,  ilt'miil,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Rothenburg,  passes  Leutershausen,  GUnzenhausen,  and 
Eichsfadt,  and  joins  the  Danube  at  Kelheim.  The  Ltidtcigs 
Oanal,  108  miles  long,  or  canal  of  the  Maine  and  Danube, 
between  Bamberg  on  the  Regnitz  and  Dietfurt  on  the  Alt- 
miihl,  connects  the  Rhine  and  the  Danube. 

Al'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  at  Longview 
Station  on  the  Piedmont  &  Air-Line  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Bellton.     Pop.  100. 

Alto,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kokomo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  300. 

Alto,  a  post-village  of  Richland  parish,  La.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Rayville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Alto,  a  post-village  of  CJierokee  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Rusk.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  300. 

Alto,  a  township  and  hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  1411.     The  township  has  4  churches. 

Alto,  41'to,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province 
of  Catamarca,  50  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Catamarca.  Pop. 
2022.  The  district  of  Alto  comprises  what  is  called  the 
Sierra  de  Alto,  a  mountainous  tract  belonging  to  the  Andes 
system.     Area,  4200  square  miles.     Pop.  9450. 

Alto  Dale,  a  village  of  Pennsylvania.    See  Fonkstown. 

Alt-Oetting,  4lt-ot'ting  {i.e.,  "Old  Oetting"),  or  Al- 
tenotting,  al't^n-otHing,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  41  miles  S.W. 
of  Passau.  Pop.  2664.  In  one  of  its  numerous  religious 
edifices  is  the  tomb  of  the  famous  Tilly. 

Alt-Ofen,  41t-6'f§n  (t.e.,  "OldOfen"),  (Hung.  OBuda, 
"Old  Buda"),  a  suburb  of  Buda,  in  Hungary,  on  the  Danube, 
just  above  Buda;  has  large  wharves  and  steamboat-yards, 
and  a  splendid  synagogue.    Pop.,  with  surroundings,  16,000. 

Altomonte,  4rto  mon't4,  or  Altamont,  4rt4-mont', 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenaa,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Cas- 
sano.     Pop.  3142. 

Altomiinster,  41'to-mun'st9r,  a  village  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, circle  of  Aichach,  has  a  convent.     Pop.  1080. 

Alton,  all'ton,  a  town  of  England,  Hants,  on  the  Wey, 
16  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Winchester.     Pop.  4092. 

Alton,  all'ton,  a  handsome  city  and  river  port  of  Madi- 
son CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  8  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  25  miles  above  St.  Louis,  and  257 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  Lat.  38°  20'  N.  It  is  the  south- 
west terminus  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  is  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  the  Springfield, 
Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroads.  It  is  situated  on  a  high 
limestone  bluff,  which  rises  about  200  feet  above  the  river, 
and  is  built  on  hilly  or  uneven  ground.  It  contains  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  a  high  school,  15  churches,  a  Catholic 
hospital,  a  convent,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  a  city 
liall,  and  a  public  library.     Two  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 


papers are  published  here.  Alton  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic 
bishop.  It  has  5  large  flouring- mills,  a  woollen- factory, 
a  manufactory  of  church  organs,  and  several  glass-factories, 
machine-shops,  brick-yards,  saw-mills,  planing-mills,  Ac, 
and  manufactures  of  lime,  cement,  cigars,  crackers,  farming- 
implements,  carriages,  beer,  plug  tobacco,  Ac.  Here  are 
valuable  quarries  of  limestone.  The  suburb  called  Upper 
Alton  (2  miles  from  the  city  hall)  contains  Wyman's  Insti- 
tute for  boys,  and  is  the  seat  of  Shurtleflf  College,  which  was 
founded  in  1836  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  Alton  is  the 
market  and  shipping-point  of  several  counties  from  which 
lime,  coal,  building- stone,  and  fruits  are  exported.  Pop.  in 
1860,  6.332;  in  1870,  8665;  in  1880,  8975;  in  1890,  10,294. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Cannelton.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  137. 

Alton,  a  post-town  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  at  a  railway 
junction,  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Le  Mars.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  800. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Downs.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
oflBce.     Pop.  about  500. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles  S. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  160. 

Alton,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Alton  town- 
ship, on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  23  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Bangor.  The  township  has  a  tannery  and  2  saw-mills. 
The  soil  is  fertile.     Pop.  of  the  township,  508. 

Alton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about  16  mile.'' 
E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  about  80. 

Alton,  a  post-office  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn. 

Alton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oregon  co..  Mo.,  25 
miles  E.  of  West  Plains,  and  about  160  miles  S.S.W.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Alton,  a  post-township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  and  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Alton  and  Alton  Bay,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1476;  in  1890,  1372. 

Alton,  or  Alton  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Belknap 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Alton  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  graded  school,  Ac. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sodus  town- 
ship, on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  36  miles  W.S.W.' 
of  Oswego.     It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  planing- 
mill,  and  about  60  residences. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  National 
Road,  1  mile  from  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  on  which  road  is  Alton  Station,  and  9  miles  W.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Alton,  or  Mount  Alton,  a  station  of  McKean  co..  Pa. 
on  the  Bradford  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Smethport,  and  1  mile  from  Buttsville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Alton,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  44i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
good  water-power,  and  contains  saw-mills,  flour-  and  grist- 
mills, an  axe-factory,  a  woollen-factory,  cabinet-factories,  and 
a  steam  shingle-  and  lath-factory.     Pop.  400. 

Altona,  or  Altena,  41't9-n4,  a  city  and  free  port  of 
Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  a  little 
below  Hamburg.  It  is  accessible  to  sea-going  vessels,  and 
has  a  large  trade  by  rail  and  river.  Among  the  buildings 
may  be  mentioned  a  gymnasium,  with  a  library  of  12,000 
volumes,  an  orphan  hospital,  a  large  infirmary,  and  a  city 
hall.  Perhaps  the  most  important  manufacture  of  Altona 
is  that  of  tobacco.  There  are  also  soap-  and  oil-works,  dye- 
works,  sugar  refineries,  chemical  works,  vinegar-works, 
roperies,  tanneries,  and  breweries,  famous  for  their  beer. 
Pop.  in  1880,  90,749;  in  1890,  143,249.  Other  places  in 
different  parts  of  Germany  have  the  name  of  Altona. 

Altona,  al-to'na,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  in 
Walnut  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  148 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  800. 

Altona,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn.  It  is  1  mile 
from  Garrett  Railroad  Station. 

Altona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hinton 
township,  lOi  miles  from  Morley  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  80. 

Altona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  about  56  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Altona,  a  post-village  of  Altona  township,  Clinton  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  36 


i 


ALT 


477 


ALU 


miles  E.  of  Malone,  and  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
and  lumber.  The  township  has  4  forges,  2  tanneries,  and 
11  saw-millfl.     Pop.  of  township,  23fi8. 

Altona^  Wis.    See  New  Holstein  and  Bridge  Switch. 

Altona,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  4J  miles 
from  StouflFville.     Pop.  100. 

Alton  (all'tpn)  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co., 
N.H.,  in  Alton  township,  on  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W,  of 
Dover.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  steamboat-landing,  and  about  20 
iwellings. 

Alton  Corner,  a  village.  New  Hampshire.  See  Alton. 

Alton  Hill,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Gallatin. 

Al'ton  Jnnc'tion,  or  Em'erald,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Madison  co..  111.,  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Alton,  and  21  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago 
Railroad.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  tiles. 

Altooaa,  al-too'na,  a  post-town  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  tile  and  brick,  brooms, 
flour  and  feed,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  500. 

Altoona,  a  post-town  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Verdigris  River,  21  miles  N.  of  Independence.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Altoona,  a  city  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Alleghapy  Mountains, 
117  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  237  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  132  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Harrisburg.  Here  the 
railroad  begins  to  ascend  the  mountain  by  a  grade  so  steep 
that  two  locomotives  are  attached  to  each  train.  A  branch 
railroad  extends  from  Altoona  southward  to  Henrietta. 
Locomotives  and  railroad-cars  are  manufactured  here  in 
extensive  machine-shops  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Altoona  is  supplied  with  water  by 
hydraulic  works  which  cost  about  $500,000.  It  has  21 
churches,  viz.,  2  Baptist,  4  Catholic,  1  Church  of  God,  1 
Dunkard,  1  Episcopal,  I  German  Lutheran,  1  German 
Reformed,  2  Lutheran,  6  Methodist,  2  Presbyterian,  and 
1  United  Brethren;  also  2  convents,  a  high  school,  a  public 
library,  2  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  a  rolling-mill, 
several  planing-mills,  iron-works,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1860,  3591 ; 
in  1870,  10,610;  in  1880,  19,710;  in  1890,  30,337. 

Altoona,  a  post-town  of  Eaa  Claire  co..  Wis.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  from  Eau  Claire  city. 

Altoon-Kupree,  or  Altun-Kiupri,  il'toon^  kyoo'- 
pree  {i.e.,  "  golden  bridge"),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Zab  Asfal,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mosul.     Pop.  2000. 

Alto  Pass,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  48  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  437. 

Altorl',  or  Altdorl,  8,1'toRf,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
capital  of  the  canton  of  Uri,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Lake  of  Lucerne,  and  9i  miles  S.  of  Schwytz.  It  has  a 
statue  of  William  Tell,  said  to  mark  the  place  where  Tell 
shot  the  apple  off  his  son's  head.  Pop.  2724.  Burglen,  the 
reputed  birthplace  of  Tell,  is  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 

Altorf,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Altdorf. 

Alt-Orsova,  or  Alt-Orschowa,  ilt-on-sho'M,  a 
village  of  Hungary,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  3 
miles  above  Orsova.  It  is  on  the  Roumanian  frontier,  and 
has  a  custom-house  and  a  quarantine  station.     Pop.  1090. 

Alt-Reusch,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Reusch. 

Altringham,all'tring-am,  or  Altrincham,amarket- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Manchester.     Pop.  8478. 

Altroir,  Mt'RofT,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace-Lor- 
raine, 21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chateau-Salins.     Pop.  1041. 

Alt-Ruppin,  ilt-roop^peen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Neu-Ruppin.     Pop.  2112. 

Alt-Saalfeld,  3,lt-sll'ffilt,  a  village  of  Saxe-Meiningen, 
Germany,  on  the  Saale,  opposite  Saalfeld.     Pop.  390. 

Alt-Salm,  ait-silm,  or  Tieil-Salm,  v*-61'  (or  yi-kV) 
s41m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  31  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liege,  on 
the  Salm,  an  affluent  of  the  Ambleve.     Pop.  2600. 

Alt-Sanct-Johann,  &It-s&nkt-yo^b&n',  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  in  St.  Gall,  9  miles  W.  of  Wildhaus.     Pop.  1545. 

Alt-Schialkowitz,  Prussia.    See  Schialkowitz. 

Altschweier,  41t'sh^Ir\  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  circle  of  Baden.     Pop.  1101. 

Altshausen,  ilts-h5w'z§n,  or  Altschhansen,  lltsh- 
hSw'z^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wilrtemberg,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Saulgau.     Pop.  2232. 

Altsohl,  &lt'z5P  (Lat.  Zolium;  Hung.  Zolyom,  or  Zwo- 


len),  a  town  of  Hungary,  72  miles  N.  of  Pesth,  on  the  river 
Gran,  and  on  the  railway  from  Pesth  to  Szolna,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Rosenberg  branch.     Pop.  2047. 

Altstadt,  &lt'st&tt\  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Neu-Bistritz.     Pop.  1360. 

Altstadt,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  3  milea 
from  Mahrisch-Triibau.     Pop.  1250. 

Altstadt,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  50  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1500. 

Altstadt,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on  the  March, 
opposite  Hradisch.     Pop.  2086. 

Altstadt- Waldenburg,  ilt'stitt^  Mld'5n-b38RG\ or 
Alt-Waldenburg,  a  southern  suburb  of  the  town  of 
Waldenburg,  in  Saxony.     Pop.  1435. 

Altst^tten,  5.1t'stStH§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Rorschach-Chur  Railway,  15  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Rorschach.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  7575. 

Altstfttten,  or  Altstetten,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Zurich,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Zurich- 
Olten  Railway.     Pop.  1187. 

Altstrelitz,  ilt-stri'lits,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Stre- 
litz,  in  a  plain,  near  the  Miihlenbach,  which  here  forms  a 
lake,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  2997. 

Alt-Treptow,  ilt-trSp'tov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Pome 
rania,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Demmin,  on  the  ToUen  Lake.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linen,  tanneries,  and  dia- 
tilleries.     Pop.  3930. 

Altun-Kiupri,  Turkey.    See  Altoon-Kupree. 

Altura,  il-too'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Palaucia,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castellon 
de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2300. 

Altu'ras,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Idaho.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Snake  River,  or  Lewis  Fork  of 
the  Columbia,  and  is  drained  by  the  Malade  and  Bois6 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  prairies, 
and  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  potatoes  are  raised  here.  Rocks  of  volcanic  origin  un- 
derlie the  valley  of  the  Snake  River.  The  great  Shoshone 
Falls  are  on  the  border  of  this  county.  Gold  and  silver  are 
the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Hailey.  Pop.  in 
1870,  689;  in  1880,  1693;  in  1890,  2629. 

Alturas,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  1  mile 
from  Goose  Lake,  about  110  miles  N.  of  Reno.  It  has  a 
church,  a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  512. 

Al'tus,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  120  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  45  miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  is  in  a  fine  fruit-growing  region,  and  has  3  churches  and 
a  college.     Pop.  350. 

Altus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  6  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Troy. 

Alt-Waldenburg.     See  Altstadt-Waldenbcrg. 

Alt-Warnsdorf,  a,lt-^aRns'doRf,  or  Warnsdorf,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Saxon  border,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 15  miles  W.  of  Zittau.  It  has  important  mines  of 
brown  coal,  cotton-mills,  print-works,  and  manufactures  of 
table-cloths.     Pop.  13,180. 

Altwarp,  ilt'^^anp,  a  village  of  Prussia,  Pomerania,  on 
the  Stettiner-HafT,  10  miles  E.  of  Uckermiinde.  Pop.  1408. 

AltAvasser,  a.lt--<^is'8?r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  3588. 

Altyn,  a  lake  of  Siberia.     See  Altin. 

Alt-Zedlitz,  &lt-tsdd'litz,  or  Alt«Czetlicze,  llt- 
chdt-lee'chi,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Haida. 
Pop.  1860. 

Altzey,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Alzey. 

Alum-Bagh,afortof  India,  about  4  miles  from  Luck- 
now  ;  famous  during  the  mutiny  of  1857  for  its  long  defence 
by  Sir  James  Outram,  with  a  garrison  of  3500  men,  against 
a  large  native  force,  it  being  then  the  only  place  in  Oude 
held  by  the  British. 

Al'nm  Bank,  or  Pleasantville,  a  post-borough  of 
Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Bedford.  It  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  450. 

Alum.  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.;  also 
the  name  of  a  railroad  station  5  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Alum  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Alnm  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tucker  oo.,  W.  Va.,  abont 
6  miles  S.E.  of  St.  George. 

Alum  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  oo.,  Va.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Floyd  Court-House. 

Alum  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  abont 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Franklin. 

Alum  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Boyle  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Loaisville 
A  Nashville  Railroad,  4i  miles  from  Danville.  Here  are 
chalybeate,  sulphur,  and  magnetic  springs. 


ALU 


478 


AMA 


Alum  Springs,  Va.  See  Bockbridge  Alum  Springs 
and  Jordan  Alum  Springs. 

Alum  Well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Eogersville.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  semi- 
nary.    Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Alum  Wells,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ya.     It  has  1  church. 

Alun,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Nussbach. 

Alushta,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Alooshta. 

Aluta,  a  river  of  Transylvania.    See  Aloota. 

Alva,  il'va,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Stirling.    Pop.  4096. 

Al'va,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  about  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Alva'da,  or  Alve'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0., 
on  the  Columbus  <fc  Toledo  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Carey. 

Alvaiazere,  a  village  of  Portugal.   See  Alvayazere. 

Al'var^  Al'war%  or  Al'wur%  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  Alvar  state,  86  miles  S.S.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  27° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  E.     Pop.  52,357. 

Alvar,  Alwar,  Alwur,  Me'wat,  or  Macher'ry,  a 
native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  enclosed  by  the  states 
of  Bhurtpoor  and  Jeypoor,  the  district  of  Goorgaon,  &c.  It 
is  75  miles  long  and  about  half  as  wide.  Area,  3573  square 
miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  maharajah  under  British  direc- 
tion. The  people  are  sometimes  called  Mewatties.  Capital, 
Alvar.     Pop.  778,596. 

Alvarado,  Ll-vk-ik'no,  a  small  town  and  port  of  Mex- 
ico, 40  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  The  port  is  capable  of 
admitting  vessels  of  12  and  13  feet  draught. 

Alvarado,  a  river  of  Mexico,  formed  by  several  streams, 
rising  in  the  mountains  of  Oajaca,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico through  the  harbor  of  Alvarado,  after  flowing  a  direct 
distance  of  120  miles. 

Alvarado,  al-v§,-rah'do,  a  post- village  of  Alameda  co., 
Cal.,  on  Alameda  Creek,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  salt-factories.     Pop.  600. 

Alvarado,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  about  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Alvarado,  a  city  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles  by  rail 
6.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  about  155  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Austin 
City,  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  masonic  institute, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  railroad  machine-shops, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Alvarez,  il-vi-r5z',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  9 
miles  S.  of  Arganil.     Pop.  3136. 

Alvayazere,  il-vi-k-zi'rk,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Estremadura,  31  miles  S.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1708. 

Alveda,  a  railway  station,  Ohio.    See  Alvada. 

Alvensleben,  &I'v§ns-U^b§n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Neu-Haldensleben.     Pop.  1060. 

Alvcrca,  il-vfiR'ki,  atown  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Tagus,  16  miles  N.E,  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1705. 

Alveringhem,  il'f^r-ing'^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  2870. 

Alvernia,  il-vSR'ne-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a  mountain 
of  its  own  name,  2  miles  N.  of  Chiusi.  Its  monastery, 
founded  a.d.  1218  by  St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  was  the  cradle 
of  the  Franciscan  order. 

Al'verson,  a  post-office  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Lansing. 

Alvignauo,  41-veen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N. 
of  Cajazzo.     Pop.  3588. 

Al'vin,  a  post-town  of  "Vermilion  co.,  111.,  in  Ross 
township,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Alvin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
from  Grand  Island. 

Alvincz,  Srvints',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Maros,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Karlsburg.     Pop.  1600. 

Al'vinston,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Big  Bear  Creek,  35  miles  by  rail  W.  from  St.  Thomas.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
woollen-  and  flour-mills,  stave-works,  <fce.     Pop.  1200. 

Alvi'ra,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  about' 10  miles 
S.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Alvlso,  al-ve'zo,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
on  Coyote  Creek,  about  1  mile  from  the  southeast  end  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  and  8  or  9  miles  N.W.  of  San  Jos6.  It 
has  a  public  hall,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  several 
warehouses.  Grain  and  hay  are  shipped  here  in  schooners. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Alvlto,  &l-vee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3985. 

Alvito,  il-vee'to,  a  village  of  Portugal,  on  the  Lisbon- 
Beja  Railway,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  1805. 

Al'von,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 


miles  from  the  White  Sulphur  Springs.     It  has  3  churohM, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Al'vord,  a  post-village  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Fort 
Worth  <fc  Denver  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort 
Worth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  news> 
paper  office,  and  manufactures  of  saddlery  and  carriages. 
Pop.  about  750. 

Al'vordton,  a  post-village  of  Williams  co.,  Ohio,  at 
the  crossing  of  2  railroads,  28  miles  N.  of  Defiance.  Il 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Alvur,  or  Alwur,  Hindostan.    See  Alyab. 

Alyth,  i'lith,  a  market-town  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Perth 
and  Forfar,  12  miles  W.  of  Forfar.     Pop.  2134. 

Alzano  di  Sotto,  &I-z&'no  dee  sdt'to,  or  Alzano 
Maggiore,  &l-zi'no  m&d-jo'r^,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2436. 

Alzey,  kh'si,  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Selz,  and  on  a 
railway,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  6240. 

Amacura,  &-m&-koo'r&,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  falling 
into  the  great  southern  mouth  of  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  8°  34' 
N.  and  Ion.  60°  7'  W.  It  is  navigable  for  small  yessels  to 
the  influx  of  the  Yarakita,  lat.  8°  N. 

Amacusa,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Awakoosa. 

Amadeeyeh,  Amadiah,  or  Amadieh,  &-mi-dee'- 
ya,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Koordistan,  on  a 
tributary  of  the  Tigris,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mosul.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  Chaldean  archbishop. 

Amador,  &-m&-dor'  or  am'a-dor,  a  county  near  the  cen- 
tral part  of  California,  has  an  area  estimated  at  568  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Cosumnes  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Mokelumne,  which  forms  part  of  the 
southern  boundary.  The  eastern  part  of  the  county  is  moun- 
tainous. The  surface  is  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and 
large  forests,  from  which  lumber  is  procured.  Granite, 
marble,  limestone,  and  gold  are  found  here.  Barley,  wine, 
and  wool  are  among  the  staple  products  of  the  county. 
Capital,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  9582;  in  1880,  11,384  j  in 
1890,  10,320. 

Amador,  am'^-dor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa, 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Amador,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  in  Clif- 
ford township,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Florence.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Amador,  a  hamlet  of  Amador  township,  Chisago  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of 
St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  150. 

Amador  City,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  about 
42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  public 
schools.     Gold  is  mined  here.     Pop.  (1890)  984, 

Am 'adore  S  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Worth  township,  on  the  Port  Huron  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  N,  by  W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  4  miles  from 
Lake  Huron.    It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  3  stores. 

Am^agan'set,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Sufi"olk  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  the  E.  part  of  Long  Island,  nearly 
1  mile  from  the  ocean,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Sag  Harbor. 
It  has  several  churches,  and  a  good  shore  for  bathing. 

Amagat,  am'd,-gat,  a  small  island  of  Alaska,  near  the 
coast  of  Aliaska  peninsula.     It  has  hot  springs. 

Amager,  a'mi-gh^r,  sometimes  erroneously  called 
Amak,  an  island  of  Denmark,  separated  from  the  island 
of  Seeland  and  the  city  of  Copenhagen  merely  by  the  harbor 
of  the  latter.     Area,  about  20  square  miles. 

Amak  (i'mak)  Island,  ofi"  the  coast  of  Alaska,  lat.  56' 
32'  N.,  Ion.  163°  W.,  has  a  volcanic  peak  2000  feet  high. 

Amakoosa,  Amakousa,  Amakusa,  or  Ama- 
cusa, i-m4-koo's4,  an  island  in  the  Japanese  Empire,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo. 

Amakootan,  or  Amakutan.    See  Onekotan. 

Amakosa,  a  nation  of  Kafi'res.    See  Kaffraria, 

Amakuchi,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Amaxichi. 

Amalfi,  4-m4rfee  (L.  Amal'phia),  a  decayed  city  and 
seaport  of  Italy,  on  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  and  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Naples,  Lat.  40°  38'  N. ;  Ion,  14°  37'  10"  E,  The  posi- 
tion of  the  city  is  extremely  picturesque,  extending  over 
the  summits  of  lofty  rocks  crowned  with  embattled  walls 
and  ruined  towers.  Its  trade  has  now  almost  disap- 
peared, and  with  it  the  greater  proportion  of  the  popula- 
tion, which  once  exceeded  50,000.  Amalfi  rose  early  into 
importance,  having  attained  the  height  of  its  prosperity 
during  the  eleventh  century,  at  which  time  it  was  the  great 
mart  of  all  kinds  of  Eastern  merchandise.  It  became  an 
independent  republic,  and  continued  to  retain  its  rank  as  a 
commercial  city  for  several  centuries,  when  it  fell  into  decay. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see ;  has  important  manufactures  of 
paper,  soap,  and  macaroni ;  has  a  fine  old  cathedral,  a  nava] 
school,  and  many  antiquities.     Pop.  6506. 


I 


AMA 


479 


AMA 


'''  Ainalfi,  i-tn&l'fee,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, state  of  Antioquia,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Medellin,  in  a 
region  rich  in  gold,  timber,  and  cuttle.     Pop.  2738, 

AmalMapooram',  or  Ammalapoor',  a  town  of 
Hindostan,  in  the  Circars,  on  one  of  the  outlets  of  the  Go- 
davery,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Masulipatam.  Its  inhabitants, 
who  exceed  5000,  are  engaged  in  weaving  cotton  fabrics. 

Amalphis,  the  Latin  for  Amalfi. 

Amalthea,  a-mal'the-a,  or  more  correctly  a-mal-the'a, 
a  village  of  Franklin  co.,  6.,  in  Blendon  township,  on  Ga- 
hanna  Creek,  3  miles  from  Westerville  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy.   The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Central  College. 

Amambahi,  &-m&m-b&^ee',  or  Amambay,  &-m&m- 
bi',  a  mountain-range  and  river  of  Brazil:  the  former, 
about  200  miles  long,  forms  the  water-shed  between  the 
Parana  and  Paraguay  Rivers;  and  from  its  eastern  slope 
flows  the  river  to  the  Parana,  which  it  joins  after  a  course 
of  about  100  miles. 

Amana,  i-mi-nS,',  a  river  of  Venezuela,  province  of 
Cumana,  rises  near  Urica,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 
Length,  140  miles. 

Amana^  k-mh-ni,',  a  lake  in  Brazil,  formed  by  a  bi- 
furcation of  the  Tijuaca.  It  lies  in  lat.  2°  35'  S.,  Ion.  64° 
38'  W.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad. 
About  8  miles  N.  of  the  lake  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Am 'ana,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in  Amana 
township,  26  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  is  the 
principal  abode  of  the  "  Community  of  True  Inspiration," 
a  society  of  German  Protestant  Christians,  followers  to  some 
extent  of  Bohme  and  Schwenkenfeld.  They  removed 
hither  in  1854  from  Ebenezer,  N.Y.  Pop.  in  1890,  about 
600;  township,  1687. 

Amance,  i^miNss'  (anc.  Amen'tia  ?),  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Meurthe,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Nancy.    Pop.  470. 

Aman'da,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  1376. 
It  contains  Royalton  and  New  Strasburg. 

Amanda,  a  village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Lemon  town- 
ship, on  the  Miami  Canal,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Hamilton, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Miami  River.  It  is  1  mile  from  Hen- 
derson Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  1  academy,  1 
flouring-mill,  and  1  paper-mill.     Pop.  226. 

Amanda,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Amanda 
township,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Circleviile,  and  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  500. 

Amanda,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  1469. 

Aman'daville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Hartwell. 

Amandaville,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky., 
on  Crocus  Creek,  55  miles  E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  several  oil-wells.  It  is  2  or  3  miles  from 
the  Cumberland  River. 

Amandola,  i-min'do-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Ascoli.     Pop.  4761. 

Amandopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Saint-Amand. 

Amanian  Gates,  a  pass  of  Syria.     See  Beilan. 

Amanlis,  4^m6N"Mee',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ille-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  2409. 

Amantea,  i-m4n-ti'i,  a  fortified  seaport  of  Italy,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  4480. 

Amanus,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.     See  Alma-Dagh. 

Amapala,  S,-m4'pi-14,  a  port  of  entry  of  Honduras,  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  lat.  13°  17'  N.,  Ion.  87°  .34'  W.,  is  on  the 
island  of  Tigre,  in  the  Gulf  of  Conchagua.  It  is  799  miles 
from  Panama  by  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company's 
steamers,  and  2674  miles  from  San  Francisco.     Pop,  1000. 

Am'aqua,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  468. 

Amarakan'taka,  Amarkan'tak,  or  Omerkan'- 
tak,  a  great  plateau  of  Central  India,  where  the  Sone,  the 
Nerbudda,  and  other  streams  arise.  It  has  a  mean  altitude 
of  about  5000  feet,  and  is  covered  mainly  by  forests  and 
jungles,  the  abode  of  the  Gonds,  Koles,  and  other  wild  tribes. 

Amarante,  i-mi-rin'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Minho,  on  the  Tamega,  a  tributary  of  the  Douro,  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  1448. 

Amarapoora,  Amarapnra,  ftm-ft-ra-poo'ra,  or 
Um^merapoo'ra,  a  city,  formerly  capital  'of  the"  Bur- 
mese dominions,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ava.  In 
1800  the  population  was  estimated  at  175,000,  but,  the  seat 
of  government  having  been  removed  in  1819,  it  has  rapidly 
declined.     Most  of  its  houses  are  of  bamboo. 

Amaravati,  a  town  of  India.    See  Amrawutti. 

Amar'gosa,  a  river  of  Nevada  and  Southeastern 
California,  twice  crossed  by  the  parallel  of  36°  N,  lat., 
flows  into  the  Death  Valley,  a  desolate  region  reported  to 
he  150  feet  below  the  sea-level.     This  valley  is  also  called 


the  Amargosa  Desert,  and  the  mountains  N.E.  of  the  river's 
upper  course  are  sometimes  called  the  Amargosa  Mountains. 

Amargnra,&.-maR-goo'r&,  an  island  and  volcano  in  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  17° 
58'  S.;  Ion.  174°  16' W. 

Amaribo,  i-m&Ve-bo',  or  Mana,  m&^n&',  a  river  la 
French  Guiana,  falls  into  the  Atlantic.    Length,  146  miles. 

Amaril'lo,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Potter  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Denver,  Texas  A  Fort  Worth  Railway,  333  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  422. 

Amasia,  Amasieh,  or  Amasiyah,  &-m&'see^a,  a 
city  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak  (anc.  Iri»),  95  mile? 
N.W.  of  Seevas,  and  63  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Samsoon.  Pop 
estimated  at  from  20,000  to  25,000.  It  stands  on  both 
banks  of  the  river,  between  almost  perpendicular  rocks. 
Many  of  the  houses  are  built  of  stone ;  it  nas  a  strong  cita 
del,  a  fine  mosque,  well-supplied  bazaars,  and  a  considerable 
trade  in  silk,  fruits,  wine,  and  salt.  Outside  of  the  city  arn 
the  excavated  "  tombs  of  the  kings,"  described  by  Strabo. 

Amastra,  &-m&s'tr4,  Amas'erah,  or  Amasreh, 
i-ro3,s'r?h  (anc.  Amaa'tris),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  a  rocky  peninsula  in  the  Black  Sea,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Ereglee.     Pop.  about  800. 

Amastra,  the  ancient  name  of  Mistretta. 

Amataka,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  York  Island. 

Amathonte,  4-mi-thon'ti  (anc.  Am'athtu),  a  village 
of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  near  its  S.  coast,  apparently  tb« 
same  place  as  Old  Limasol.     See  Limasol. 

Amathns,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Szalt. 

Amatignak  (a-mS,t'ig-nik)  Island,  the  southernmost 
land  of  Alaska  Territory,  lat.  51°  19'  N.,  Ion.  179°  8'  30"  W. 

Amatitlan,  8,-m3,-tee-tl3,n',  or  Amititan,  i-mee-tee- 
t&n',  a  town  of  Guatemala,  capital  of  a  department  of  the 
same  name,  on  Lake  Amatitlan,  15  miles  S.  of  the  city  of 
Guatemala.  It  is  irregularly  built,  and  the  houses  are 
principally  constructed  of  mud.  The  wells  in  the  town  are 
all  brackish ;  and  most  of  those  in  the  vicinity  are  hot,  but 
clear  and  free  from  impurities.  The  inhabitants,  nearly 
all  mulattoes  and  zamboes,  are  industrious.  The  production 
of  cochineal  is  a  leading  employment.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Amaton'galand,  or  'fon'galand,  a  dependency 
of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  extend- 
ing from  Zululand  proper,  N.  along  the  coast  about  100  miles, 
and  from  Swaziland,  on  the  W.,  to  the  ocean.  Area,  about 
5000  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  native  ruler  under 
the  supervision  of  British  officials.     Estimated  pop.  40,000. 

Amatrice,  i-ml-tree'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  22  miles  N.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  6304. 

Amatuli  Island,  Alaska.    See  Barren  Islands. 

Amaxichi,  4-mix-ee'kee,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Santa  Maura  or  Leucadia,  on  its  E. 
coast,  and  separated  from  the  castle  of  Santa  Maura  by  a 
lagoon  about  1  mile  across.  Pop.  of  town  and  citadel,  6000. 
The  harbor,  improved  by  a  mole,  is  adapted  only  for  small 
craft.  Amaxichi  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek  archbishop, 
and  near  it  are  remains  of  cyclopean  walls,  probably  those 
of  the  ancient  Leu'cas. 

Amay,  i'mi',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Liege,  on 
the  railway  from  Namur,  14  J  miles  S.W.  of  Liege.  Pop.  2660, 

Amazoc,  4-ra8,-sok',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Puebla, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Puebla.     It  is  a  large  and  well-built  town. 

Amazon,  am'a-zcjn  (Sp.  pron.  S,m-i-th5n'),  sometimes 
called  AlaraAon,  ra4-rftn-y5n',  or  Orellana,  o-rfil-yi'n4, 
a  great  South  American  river,  which  exceeds  in  volume  every 
other  river  on  the  globe.  It  rises  in  the  Peruvian  Andes  by 
two  branches,  the  Maranon  (or  Tunguragua)  and  the  Uca- 
yale  or  Apurimac.  The  Maranon,  which  some  geographers 
consider  the  head-stream  or  main  river,  rises  in  Lake  Lauri- 
cocha,  near  the  silver-mines  of  Cerro  de  Pasco,  in  lat.  10° 
30'  S.  and  Ion.  76°  10'  W.  Its  source  is  about  60  miles  from 
the  Pacific.  It  flows  nearly  northward  for  about  500  miles, 
in  a  continuous  series  of  cataracts  and  rapids,  in  a  deep  val- 
ley between  the  parallel  cordilleras  of  Peru.  Striking  the 
boundary  of  Ecuador  about  lat.  5°  S.,  it  there  turns  to  the 
right,  runs  eastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Peru 
and  Ecuador,  to  its  confluence  with  the  Ucayale.  Below  this 
junction  the  Amazon  separates  Ecuador  from  Peru  as  long 
as  these  countries  are  conterminous.  It  afterwards  enters 
Brazil,  flows  nearly  eastward  across  the  great  equatorial 
plain  of  the  continent,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  under 
the  equator.  It  is  the  only  large  river  whose  course  is  all 
near  the  same  latitude.  Its  length,  including  the  windings, 
is  estimated  at  4;000  miles.  Its  breadth  is  well  proportioned 
to  its  length.  It  is  li  miles  wide  at  Tabatinga,  2000  milei 
from  its  mouth,  3  miles  wide  at  the  entrance  of  the  Madeira, 
and  10  miles  wide  below  Santarem,  whinh  is  500  milee  froai 


AMA 


480 


AMB 


tbe  ocean.  The  average  velocity  of  its  current  is  3  miles  an 
hour.  It  is  navigable  for  large  ships  2200  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  opens  an  easy  communication  from  the  Atlantic 
almost  to  the  foot  of  the  Andes.  The  area  drained  by  this 
river  and  its  tributaries  is  estimated  at  2,000.000  square 
miles.  The  depth  of  the  Amazon  at  some  places  is  60  fathoms. 
Its  average  depth  below  Mandos,  which  is  1000  miles  from 
its  mouth,  is  27  fathoms.  It  enters  the  sea  through  an 
estuary  which  is  about  150  miles  wide  and  encloses  a  large 
island  named  Marajo  or  Joannes.  The  volume  and  impetus 
of  the  river  are  so  great  that  it  carries  its  fresh  water  un- 
mixed into  the  sea  a  distance  of  about  200  miles.  Although 
it  carries  down  a  larger  amount  of  sediment  than  any  other 
river,  it  has  not  formed  any  delta.  "  Its  vast  expanse,"  says 
Orton,  "presenting  below  TeflF6  magnificent  reaches,  with 
blank  horizons,  and  forming  a  barrier  between  different 
species  of  animals ;  its  system  of  back-channels  joining  the 
tributaries  and  linking  a  series  of  lagunes  too  many  ever 
to  be  named;  its  network  of  navigable  waters,  stretching 
over  one-third  of  the  continent;  its  oceanic  fauna — porpoises 
and  manatees,  gulls  and  frigate-birds — remind  the  traveller 
of  a  great  inland  sea.  The  side-channels  through  the  forest, 
called  by  the  Indians  iyarapla  or  canoe-paths,  are  one  of  the 
characteristic  features  of  the  Amazon.  They  often  run  to  a 
great  distance  parallel  to  the  great  river  and  intersecting 
the  tributaries,  so  that  one  can  go  from  Santarem  1000  miles 
up  the  Amazon  without  once  entering  it.  These  natural 
highways  will  be  of  immense  advantage  for  intercommuni- 
cation." No  cataract  or  waterfall  interrupts  navigation  on 
the  main  stream  for  2400  miles,  and,  as  a  trade-wind  blows 
constantly  westward  against  the  current,  the  navigation  up 
or  down  has  always  something  in  its  favor.  Including  the  • 
tributaries,  many  of  which  are  large  navigable  rivers,  the 
Amazon  opens  to  the  ocean  about  10,000  miles  of  interior 
navigation  for  large  vessels.  According  to  G.  E.  Church, 
"it  offers  not  less  than  15,000  miles  of  waters  suitable  for 
steamboat  navigation."  A  decree  of  the  Brazilian  govern- 
ment in  1867  opened  this  navigation  to  the  flags  of  all  Eu- 
ropean nations.  But  as  yet  no  busy  towns  are  found  along 
its  banks,  except  Pard,,  near  its  mouth.  This  river  flows 
through  a  forest  unparalleled  in  extent,  an  evergreen  forest 
so  dense  and  impenetrable  as  to  defy  access  except  by  navi- 
gation, and  tenanted  by  innumerable  animals,  among  which 
the  monkey  tribe  holds  a  conspicuous  place.  Here  the  mag- 
nificent trees  are  draped  and  festooned  with  parasitical 
creepers,  climbing  plants,  tillandsias,  lianas,  Ac.  The  human 
population  of  this  region  is  very  sparse.  In  the  most  densely 
peopled  part  of  it  there  is,  according  to  Orton,.  only  1  man 
to  every  4  square  miles.  During  the  rainy  season  the  river 
overflows  its  banks,  submerging  the  country  for  hundreds  of 
miles.  This  region  produces  a  great  variety  of  valuable 
timber.  Within  an  area  of  half  a  mile  square  Agassiz 
counted  117  kinds  of  wood,  many  of  which  are  fitted  by 
their  hardness,  tints,  and  beautiful  grain  for  fine  cabinet- 
work. The  same  naturalist  found  about  2000  species  of  fish 
in  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries.  "  Turtles,"  says  Orton, 
"  are  perhaps  the  most  important  product  of  the  Amazon, 
furnishing  the  best  meat  on  the  Upper  Amazon."  A  re- 
markable feature  in  the  Amazonian  fauna  is  the  abundance 
of  cetaceans,  porpoises,  and  manatees  through  nearly  the 
whole  extent  of  the  river. 

The  Amazon  has  12  tributaries  each  of  which  is  1000 
miles  long.  The  greatest  of  these  is  the  Madeira.  The 
principal  tributaries  that  enter  from  the  N.  are  the  Napo, 
the  Putumayo,  the  Japura,  and  the  Rio  Negro,  here  ar- 
ranged in  order  as  they  occur  to  a  person  who  floats  down 
the  stream.  Those  that  are  received  from  the  S.  are  the 
Ucayale,  the  Jabari  or  Yavari,  the  Jutay,  the  Jurud,  the 
Teff6,  the  Purus,  the  Madeira,  the  Tapajos,  the  Xingu,  and 
the  Tocantins.  These,  like  the  Nile,  discharge  their  waters 
by  several  mouths.  The  Rio  Negro  is  connected  with  the 
Orinoco  by  the  Cassiquiare,  which  is  a  natural  and  naviga- 
ble canal  traversing  a  plain  which  is  too  low  and  level  to 
form  a  water-shed  between  the  two  rivers.  The  descent  of 
the  Amazon  is  only  2  inches  to  the  mile  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Napo,  which  is  1800  miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the 
ocean.  The  Atlantic  tide  is  perceptible  at  Obidos,  450  miles 
above  the  city  of  Pard.  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  is  a  re- 
markable tidal  phenomenon,  called  the  hore  or  pirordco 
(prordca  ?),  which  occurs  about  the  time  of  full  moon. 
The  water  of  the  ocean  rushes  into  the  river  in  waves  about 
15  feet  high,  moving  with  a  violence  and  momentum  which 
are  dangerous  to  small  craft. 

The  Indian  name  of  the  river,  Amasaona,  is  said  to  sig- 
nify "  boat-destroyer."  The  part  of  the  Amazon  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Rio  Negro  is  called  Solimoena  by  the  natives. 
The  difference  between  high  water  and  low  water  is  about 


50  feet.  The  Amazon  and  its  branches  are  subject  to  an 
annual  rise,  which  occurs  with  regularity,  but  not  simulta- 
neously, in  all  parts.  The  principal  rise  or  inundation 
commences  about  March  1,  and  continues  till  June.  Th« 
Lower  Amazon  is  at  its  minimum  in  September  or  October. 
The  period  of  high  water  in  the  northern  affluents  is  in 
summer  and  autumn,  but  the  Amazon  receives  its  largest 
accession  from  the  southern  afSuents  when  the  sun  is  on 
the  south  side  of  the  equator,  in  November,  December,  and 
January.  The  mouth  of  the  Amazon  was  discovered  in 
1500  by  a  Spaniard  named  Pinzon,  but  the  first  European 
who  navigated  or  explored  it  was  Orellana,  who  in  1641  de- 
scended the  stream  from  the  mouth  of  the  Napo  to  the  sea. 
Agassiz  made  a  scientific  exploration  of  this  river  in  1865. 
See  AoASSlz  :  A  Journey  in  Brazil  (1868). 

AmazonaSf  &-m&-zo'n&s,  a  vast  state  of  Brazil, 
bounded  N.W.  and  S.W.  by  British  Guiana,  Venezuela,  Co- 
lombia, Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia,  and  E.  by  the  Madeira 
and  the  state  of  Pari.  Area,  732,460  square  miles.  It  is 
bisected  by  the  Amazon  and  traversed  by  many  of  its  navi- 
gable tributaries,  and  is  mainly  covered  by  dense  forests. 
Capital,  Mangos.  Pop.  in  1872,  57,610,  exclusive  of  many 
Indians;  in  1888  (official  estimate),  80,664. 

AmazonaS}&-m&-so'nis,adepartment  of  Peru,  bounded 
N.  by  Ecuador,  E.  by  the  department  of  Loreto,  S.  by  that 
of  Libertad,  and  W.  by  that  of  Caxamarca.  Area,  14,129 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ucayale,  which  is  re- 
garded by  many  as  the  true  Amazon.  It  contains  two 
provinces,  Chachapoyas  and  Magnas,  and  is  mainly  covered 
by  virgin  forests.     Capital,  Chachapoyas.     Pop.  34,245. 

Amazonaa^  a  territory  forming  the  southernmost  part 

of  Venezuela.    Area,  90,928  square  miles.   P.  (1884)  18,478. 

Amazonas,  a  South  American  name  for  the  Amaeok. 

Amazo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.,  on  the 

Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 

Bluffs  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  1  or  2 

churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.    Pop.  about  250. 

Amazuma,  i-mi-zoo'mi,  a  large  town  of  West  Africa, 

on  the  Niger,  about  lat.  5°  10'  N.,  Ion.  6°  10'  E. 

Ambabikoi,  im-bi-be-koy',  a  village  of  Lower  Egypt, 
58  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo. 

Ambaca,  am-bi'k4,  a  town  of  Angola,  Portuguese  West 
Africa,  in  lat.  9°  S.,  Ion.  16°  30'  E.,  140  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Loanda,  is  the  capital  of  the  fertile  province  of  Ambaca, 
which  has  a  population  of  40,000  and  rears  many  cattle. 
The  town  has  declined,  and  is  now  a  small  place. 
Ambacia,  an  ancient  name  of  Amboise. 
Ambagamuwa,  im-bi-gi-moo'wi,  a  town  of  Ceylon, 
in  the  Kandy  district.     Pop.  3032. 

Ambala,  a  town  of  India.     See  Umballah. 
Ambalega,  im-bi-li'gi,  a  town  near  the  centre  of  the 
island  of  Madura,  Malay  Archipelago.    It  is  surrounded  by 
fine  woods,  has  a  temple,  and  4000  inhabitants. 

Ambalema,  im-bi-li'mS,,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 

Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  on  the  Magdalena,  60 

miles  W.N.W.  of  Bogota,  ships  excellent  tobacco.  Pop.  9731. 

Amballa^  a  town  of  India.    See  Umballah. 

Ambares,  ftM'bi^ri',  a  village  of  France,  department 

of  Gironde,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carbon-Blanc.     Pop.  2784. 

Ambas,  im'bis  (or  Am'boises^)  Bay,  a  fine  harbor 
of  Africa,  in  the  Bight  of  Biafra.  Lat.  3°  68'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  15' 
E.  Here  the  lofty  Cameroons  Mountains  reach  the  sea : 
and  the  English  mission  town  and  sanitarium  of  Victoria 
stands  near  it.  The  Ambas  Islands,  small  and  elevated,  lie 
off  the  inner  port. 

Ambatiki,  im-bi-tee'kee,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  one 
of  the  Feejee  group,  of  a  dome  shape,  and  rising  to  the  height 
of  750  feet.     Lat.  17°  47'  S.;  Ion.  179°  10'  W. 

Ambato,  or  Hainbato,am-bi'to,  a  nevado  or  snowy 
summit  of  the  Andes,  in  Peru,  immediately  N.  of  Arequipa. 
Ambato,  im-bi'to,  or  Asiento  d'Hambato,  i-se- 
Sn'to  d4m-bi'to,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  100  miles  S.E.  of 
Quito.  It  was  destroyed  in  1698  by  an  eruption  of  Coto- 
paxi,  but  afterwards  became  more  flourishing  than  before. 
It  has  extensive  shoe-manufactories,  and  an  active  trade  in 
grain,  sugar,  and  cochineal.     Pop.  8000. 

Ambau,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.  See  Ahbow. 
Ambazac,  ftM^bi^zftk',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Haute-Vienne,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Limoges.  Pop.  3231. 
Ambelakia,  4m-bi-l4'kee'i,  or  Ampelakia,  a  town 
of  Greece,  in  Thessaly,  on  the  south  slope  of  Mount  Ossa, 
above  the  pass  of  Tempo,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Larissa.  ^  It 
was  at  one  time  famous  for  its  cotton-  and  yarn-spinning 
and  dyeing.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Am'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  in  Amber 
township,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.  of  Ludington.    It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  wooden  bowl 


AMB 


481 


AMB 


factory.  Pop.  about  250.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Marquette  River.     Pop.  1890,  1036. 

Amber,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Otisco 
township,  on  Otisco  Lake,  about  14  miles  S.S. W.  of  Syracuse. 
It  has  a  church. 

Amb^res,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Antwerp. 

Amberg,  im'bfiRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palati- 
nate, on  both  sides  of  the  Vils,  35  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Nu- 
remberg. It  is  well  built,  has  broad  and  clean  streets,  and 
contains  a  lyceum,  gymnasium,  theological  seminary,  nor- 
mal school,  public  library,  and  several  hospitals.  It  has  a 
royal  manufactory  of  arms,  and  also  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  faience.     Pop.  (1890)  19,126. 

Ambergris  (am'b?r-grees*)  Key,  an  island  off  the 
N.E.  shore  of  British  Honduras.  Length,  20  miles  from 
N.E.  to  S.W. ;  average  breadth,  3  miles. 

Amb^rieux,  6M'bi^re-uh',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ain,  at  an  important  railway  junction,  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  2954. 

Am'berley,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  22  miles  from  Goderieh.     Pop.  100. 

Am'ber  Set'tlement,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  South  New  Berlin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Ambcrson,  Cherok.ee  co.,  Ala.     See  Spbins  Gahdbn. 

Am'berson's  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Fannett  township,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Shippensburg. 

Ambert,  AM'baiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Puy-de-D6me,  on  the  Dore,  3d  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cler- 
mont. It  has  extensive  paper-works  and  manufactures  of 
ribbons.     Pop.  7517. 

Ambia,  am'be-&,  a  post-town  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Lafayette,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Hoopeston,  111.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Ambialet,  6M'be*i*14',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Tarn,  ID  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  2833. 

Ambiani,  an  ancient  name  of  Amiens. 

Ambij,  im-bi',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Limburg.     Pop.  859. 

Anibil,  im-beel',  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  islands, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Manila,  with  a  lofty  volcanic  mountain. 

Ambiliates,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lamballk. 

Amblan,  im-blin',  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Negros,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
de  Amblan.     Pop.  3260. 

Amblau,  or  AmblauAV,  &mbMow',  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Booro.  La^.  3°  52'  S. ; 
Ion.  127^  16'  E.  It  is  dependent  on  the  Dutch  government 
of  Amboyna.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Am'bler,  a  post- village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire. 

Ambler,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
tbe  Bethlehem  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
bank,  »n  academy,  chemical-works,  <fcc.    Pop.  in  1890, 1073. 

Am'blersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.Va., 
about  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Oakland. 

Am'bleside,  a  market-village  of  Westmoreland  co., 
England,  a  mile  from  the  head  of  Lake  Windermere,  and 
5  miles  from  Windermere  town,  and  the  seat  of  the  poet 
Wordsworth,     Pop.  1891,  2360, 

Ambleteuse,  6M^b'l-tuz',  a  decayed  seaport  of  France, 
department  of  Pas  de-Calais,  on  the  English  Channel,  6 
miles  N.  of  Boulogne.  Near  it  is  the  granite  column  which 
Napoleon  erected  to  the  grand  army  in  1805.     Pop.  800. 

Ambleve,  &m'bl&-v9h,  a  river  of  Prussia  and  Belgium, 
flows  W.,  and  falls  into  the  Ourthe  10  miles  N.  of  Durbuy, 

Amboiana,  or  Amboina,  Moluccas.    See  Amdoyna. 

Amboise,  fijcbViz'  (anc.  Amha'cia),  a  manufacturing 
town  of  France,  department  of  Indre-et- Loire,  on  the  Loire, 
14  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Tours,  Pop.  4188.  Its  ancient 
castle  is  memorable  in  history  as  the  residence  of  many 
French  kings.  Amboise  is  celebrated  for  the  "  conjuration 
d'Amboii*,"  formed  against  the  Guises  in  1560. 

Amboise,  a  cape  and  island  of  Africa.     See  Ambas. 

Ambo'lo,  or  Amboule,  &m-bool',  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Madagascar,  lat.  24°  15'  S.,  Ion.  47°  E.,  in  a  rich  and 
beautiful  valley,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name. 

Ambolon,  &m-bo-lon',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
S.W.  of  Mindoro.     Lat.  12°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  121:°  12'  E. 

Ambon,  fiM^biu"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Penerr.     Pop.  1747. 

Ambonde,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Angola. 

Am^boor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  and  108 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Amboule,  a  town  of  Madagascar.    See  Ahbolo. 


Ambow,  or  Ambau,  &m^b5w',  a  small  island  in  th«> 
South  Pacitic,  one  of  the  Feejee  group,  1  mile  in  length 
and  about  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

Am^boy',  a  city  of  Lee  co..  III.,  on  Oreeo  River,  and 
on  the  Illinois  Central  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  Railroads,  117  miles  S.E.  of  Dubuque,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Mendota,  and  95  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Chicago.  It 
contains  a  town  hall,  a  bank,  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
oGBces,  a  high  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  large  repair- 
shops  of  the  railroad  company,  which  employ  200  men. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2257. 

Am  boy,  a  post-town  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  25  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile, 
lumber,  brooms,  and  flour.     Pop.  about  500. 

Amboy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Miob.,  in  Am- 
boy  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Hillsdale.  The  township  has 
2  churches,  5  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  1232. 

Amboy,  a  post-town  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  29  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mankato.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Amboy,  N.J.     See  South  AiiBor  and  Perth  Amboy. 

Amboy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  1?S. 

Amboy,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1431.  It 
contains  Amboy  Centre,  Cartersville,  and  West  Amboy. 

Amboy,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  Con- 
neaut  River  and  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  (57  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  2  griet-mills,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  several  cigar-factories.     Pop.  about  500. 

Amboy,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1089. 

Amboy  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Amboy  township,  about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 

Amboy  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Newark  &  Eliza- 
beth Branch  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Elizabeth,  N.J. 

Amboyna,  or  Amboina,  im-boi'na,  Apon,  or 
Thau  (Malay,  ylmfeHH,  "dew"),  an  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  the  most  important  of  the  Moluccas,  lying  E. 
of  Booro.  Lat.  (Allavy  Point)  3°  46'  S.;  Ion.  127°  59'  E. 
The  island  is  about  30  miles  long,  by  about  10  miles  in 
breadth  at  its  broadest  part.  Area,  282  square  miles.  It  is  sub- 
ject to  earthquakes,  and  is  of  a  primitive  formation,  granite 
in  some  localities  rising  even  to  the  summits  of  the  moun- 
tains. Cloves,  sago,  maize,  yams,  and  fruits  are  the  staple 
products.  In  1796  the  island  was  captured  by  the  British; 
it  was  restored  to  the  Dutch  in  1801,  but  was  again  taken  in 
1810,  and  finally  restored  to  Holland  in  1814.  The  govern- 
ment of  Amboyna  includes,  besides  the  above,  Booro,  Amblau, 
Ceram,  Manipa,  and  several  smaller  islands.     Pop.  94,745. 

Amboyna,  Amboiana,  or  Amboyana,  im-boi- 
3,'ni,  capital  of  the  above  island  and  of  the  Dutch  govern- 
ment of  Amboyna,  on  the  Bay  of  Amboyna.  (Lat.  of  Fort 
Victoria,  3°  41'  7"  S. ;  Ion.  128°  10'  E.)  It  is  clean,  neat,  and 
regularly  built,  with  straight  and  wide  streets.  A  public 
garden  is  attached  to  the  town,  and  a  row  of  houses,  adorned 
with  nutmeg-trees,  terminates  in  a  long  esplanade.  The 
Bay  of  Amboyna  is  about  20  miles  long  and  from  2  to  7 
broad,  the  roads  secure  and  commodious,  and  the  anchorage 
good,  with  a  depth  of  from  20  to  45  fathoms.     Pop.  13,000. 

Ambracia,  and  Ambracius  Sinus.  See  Arta;  also 
Plasencia  (in  Spain). 

Ambrieres,  6u'bre-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Mayenne,  on  the  Varenne.     Pop.  2615. 

Ambrim,  or  Ambrym,  &m-breem',  an  island  in  the 
Pacific,  New  Hebrides,  lat.  16°  9'  30"  S.,  Ion.  167°  60'  E. 
It  is  50  miles  in  circumference,  fertile,  and  cultivated. 

Ambriz,  am'briz  or  &m-breez',  a  town  of  West  Africa, 
the  capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name  in  the  Portuguese 
colony  of  Angola,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  70  miles  N.  of 
Loanda.  It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  ivory,  copal,  india- 
rubber,  archil,  Ac. 

Ambrizette,  im-bre-zett'  or  im-bre-zAt't4,  a  Portu- 
guese town  in  the  colony  of  Angola,  West  Africa,  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  30  miles  N.  of  Ambriz. 

Ambronay,  6»rbro'n4',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ain,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  1728. 

Am'brose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Nicholasville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  zinc-mine. 

Ambrym,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides.     See  Ambkiu. 

Ambuim,  im^boo-eem',  or  Ombe,  om'b^h,  a  region  in 
Benguela,  West  Africa,  bounded  roughly  by  the  meridians 
of  14°  and  15°  E.  Ion.  and  the  parallels  of  10°  40'  and  11° 
30'  S.  lat.  Area,  3000  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  three 
native  independent  chiefs ;  is  traversed  by  the  rivers  Longs, 
Cuvo,  and  Sumbe ;  has  a  rich  soil,  and  exports  ivory,  wax, 
copal,  and  archil.     Pop.  75,000. 


AMB 


482 


AME 


Ambukol;  im'boo^kol',  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  Nile. 
Lat.  18°  4'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  31°  34'  46"  E. 
Ambuii)  a  native  name  of  Ahboyna. 
Amchifka^  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  lat  51°  25'  N., 
Ion.  180°  45'  W.     It  is  large,  low,  and  flat,  with  one  peak 
1873  feet  high.     It  contains  lignite  and  kaolin. 
Amdeii)  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Ammon. 
Amdjherra,  a  town  and  state  of  India.    See  Amjerah. 
Amealco,  &-m&-&I'ko,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Quer6taro,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Querltaro.     Pop.  2000. 

Ameca^  3,-mi'kA,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Guadalajara.  Pop.  1500. 
Amed,  a  town  of  Asia.  See  Diarbekir. 
AmeC)  or  Amt,  9,-mee',  a  river  of  India,  rises  (lat.  27° 
8'  N.,  Ion.  82°  38'  E.)  in  Goruckpoor,  flows  S.E.  70  miles 
to  a  small  lake,  and  thence  traverses  a  fertile  plain,  reach- 
ing the  river  Raptee  below  the  town  of  Goruckpoor. 

Ameenana,  &-mee-n&'n&,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  an  island 
formed  by  the  Narra  and  Indus,  12  miles  N.  of  Sehwan. 

Ameerabad,  or  Amirabad,  i-meer-4-bJ.d',  a  town 
of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  district  of  Furruckabad. 
Pop.  7096. 
Ameerghnr,  a  town  of  India.    See  Uheerghur. 
Ameglia,  i-mSl'yi,   a  village  of  Italy,   province  of 
Genoa,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lerici.     Pop.  1850. 

Ameide^  4-mi'd§h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the 
Leek,  with  a  brewery.     Pop.  1317. 

Ameland,  3,'me-l&nt\  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
the  North  Sea,  4  miles  N.  of  the  coast  of  Friesland.  It  is 
13  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  width.     Pop.  2287. 

Amelia,  i-mi'Ie-i,  or  Ameria,  4-mi're-i,  a  town  of 
Italy,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Spoleto.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop^ 
having  a  cathedral,  3  churches,  and  some  convents.  It  was 
the  ancient  Ame'ria,  one  of  the  oldest  cities  of  Umbria. 
Pop.  7207. 

Ame'lia,  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  300 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Appomattox  River  on 
nearly  all  sides  except  the  S.,  and  is  also  drained  by  Nama- 
zine  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating; 
the  soil  has  been  impoverished.  Tobacco,  wheat,  <fcc.,  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  A 
Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Amelia  Court-House.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9878;  in  1880,  10,377;  in  1890,  9068. 

Amelia,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  25  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  drug-store,  and  several  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Amelia,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
2040.     It  contains  Lewisville. 

Amelia  Court-House,  apost-village,  capital  of  Ame- 
lia CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Amelia  Island  is  situated  on  the  coast  of  Nassau  co., 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida.  It  is  16  miles  in  length  and  4 
in  breadth,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  chan- 
nel from  2  to  4  miles  wide.  It  has  4  light-houses.  The 
soil  is  generally  fertile.     See  Fernandina. 

Ame'liasburg,  or  Rob'lin's  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  outlet  of  Roblin  Lake 
in  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  8  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  is  a  port 
at  which  steamers  call.     Pop.  200. 

Am61ie-les-Bains,  a,'miMee'14'b4i(»',  or  Arles- 
ieS'Bains,  aRrii'biN"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Pyr6n6e8-Orientales,  3  miles  W.  of  C6ret.     Pop.  1390. 

Am'elith,  a  locality  in  Koehville  township,  Saginaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  5  miles  S.  of  Salzburg  Station,  has  a  church. 
Am-el-Saghier,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Garah. 
Amendolara,  i-mSn-do-li'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1629. 
Ameni,  or  Ameny,  a,'mi'nee\  one  of  the  Laccadive 
Islands,  lat.  11°  6'  N.,  Ion.  72°  41'  E.     Diameter,  1  mile. 

Ame'nia,  or  Ame'niaville,  a  post- village  in  Amenia 
township,  Dutchess  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem 
Railroad,  86  miles  N.  by  E.  from  New  York.  It  contains  4 
churches,  the  Amenia  Seminary,  1  national  bank,  a  con- 
densed-milk factory,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  manufactory 
of  sash  and  blinds.  The  township  has  mines  of  iron,  and 
oontains  villages  named  Wassaic  and  South  Amenia.  Pop. 
of  township,  2795. 

Amenia  Union,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Amenia  township,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  hotel.  It  is  partly 
in  the  state  of  Connecticut. 

Ameno,  i-mi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  1 
mile  E.  of  Orta.     Pop.  1793. 
Amentia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Amancb. 
Ameria,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Amelia. 


America,  a-mfir'e-ka  (Fr.  Afn£rtque,  &*mi*reek';  Ger. 
Amerika,  S,-m4're-ki;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.,  America,  &-m4'- 
re-k&),  a  continent  and  one  of  the  grand  divisions  of  the 
globe,  sometimes  called  the  New  World,  was  discovered  by 
Christopher  Columbus,  a  Genoese,  in  1492,  but  named  America 
in  honor  of  Amerigo  Veroucci,  a  Florentine,  who  visited 
South  America  in  1499.  It  is  the  longest  continuous  body 
of  land  on  the  globe,  and  is  larger  than  any  other  continent 
except  Asia.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
on  tne  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  on  the  S.  by  the  Antarctic,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  extends  from  Point 
Barrow,  lat.  71°  24'  N.,  to  Cape  Froward,  the  most  southern 
point  of  the  mainland,  about  lat.  54°  S.,  Cape  Horn  being 
on  an  island,  in  lat.  55°  58'  40"  S.  It  is  about  9000  miles 
long,  having  an  area  estimated  at  15,692,000  square  miles. 
America  consists  of  two  vast  peninsulas,  called  North  and 
South  America,  connected  by  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  or 
Panama,  the  narrowest  part  of  which  is  about  28  miles 
wide.  These  two  peninsulas  are  similar  in  outline,  being 
nearly  triangular.  Both  are  very  broad  in  the  north, 
and  gradually  contract  towards  the  south,  till  they  termi- 
nate, one  in  a  narrow  isthmus  and  the  other  in  a  narrow 
promontory.  Each  has  a  chain  of  lofty  volcanic  mountains 
near  its  western  coast,  vast  plains  in  the  interior,  and  a 
lower  ridge  of  mountains  near  the  eastern  side,  in  which 
there  are  no  traces  of  recent  volcanic  tbction. 

The  physical  features  of  America  are  on  the  most  gigantic 
scale.  Here  are  the  greatest  rivers  and  lakes  in  the  world, 
the  highest  mountains,  except  the  Himalayas,  the  largest 
number  of  active  volcanoes,  and  the  most  magnificent 
forests.  The  interior  is  penetrated  by  the  gigantic  rivers 
Amazon,  Mississippi,  Columbia,  and  La  Plata,  and  their 
affluents,  which  surpass  those  of  the  other  continents  in 
length,  and  still  more  in  facilities  for  inland  navigation. 
No  part  of  this  continent  is  so  far  from  the  ocean  as  tht 
central  regions  of  Africa  and  Asia,  and  it  possesses  few  ex- 
tensive tracts  that  are  not  accessible  through  its  magnifi- 
cent natural  water-courses.     The  population  of  America  is 

estimated  at  121,712,900. Adj.  and  inhab.  American, 

a-m^r'e-kan  (Fr.  Am^ricain,  i^mi^ree^kiN^';  Ger.  adj. 
Amerikanisch,  &-m&-re-k&'nish ;  inhab.  Amerikanibcher, 
i-mi-re-kJ.'nish-?r). 

North  America  (Fr.  AmSn'qne  du  Nord,  &'miVeek'  dii 
noR ;  Gter.  Nord  Amerika,  nort  i-mi're-ki :  Span.  America 
Setentrional,  &-m&'re-k&  si-tin-tre-o-nil')  is  a  vast  penin- 
sula, which  some  geographers  call  a  continent,  and  is  con- 
nected with  South  America  by  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  it 
is  bounded -on  the  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  E.  by  the 
Atlantic,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific.  The  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico forms  a  large  part  of  the  southern  boundary.  This  pen- 
insula is  very  irregular  in  form,  and  is  deeply  indented  by 
bays,  gulfs,  and  inlets,  principally  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Its  area  is  estimated  at  about  8,892,000  square  miles,  and  its 
coast-line  at  27,500  miles.  Its  population  is  reckoned  at 
about  88,370,200.  The  political  divisions  are  British  Amer- 
ica, the  United  States,  the  republic  of  Mexico,  Balize  (a 
British  colony),  and  the  several  states  of  the  former  republic 
of  Central  America,  viz.,  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras, 
Nicaragua,  and  San  Salvador.     See  Central  America. 

Islands,  Bays,  and  Gulfs. — Between  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
and  the  Caribbean  Sea  is  an  extensive  archipelago,  called 
the  West  Indies,  which  extends  eastward  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  nearly  to  the  60th  meridian  of  W.  longitude.  The 
largest  of  these  islands  are  Cuba,  Hayti,  Jamaica,  and  Porto 
Rico,  which  are  known  as  the  Greater  Antilles,  connected 
with  which  to  the  northeastward  are  the  Bahamas,  and 
to  the  southward  the  Lesser  Antilles,  the  whole  forming 
a  system  which  extends  from  near  the  southern  point  of 
Florida  to  the  coast  of  Venezuela  in  South  America.  The 
other  principal  islands  are  Greenland  {supposed  to  be  in- 
sular), Newfoundland,  Cape  Breton,  and  Long  Island,  in 
the  Atlantic;  and  Vancouver,  Queen  Charlotte's,  Kadiak, 
Sitka,  and  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
Arctic  Ocean  encloses  many  large  but  barren  islands,  of 
which  little  is  known.  The  eastern  side  of  this  continent 
is  indented  by  large  bodies  of  water,  called  Baffin's  Bay, 
Hudson's  Bay  (a  great  interior  sea),  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, which  gives  entrance  to  the  great  lakes,  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  Bay 
of  Honduras.  The  inlets  of  the  Pacific  coast  are  not  so 
many  or  so  large.  The  most  important  of  these  are  the  Gulf 
of  California,  the  Golden  Gate,  opening  into  the  Bay  of 
San  Francisco,  Puget  Sound,  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  Cook'a 
Inlet,  and  Bristol  Bay. 

Mountains,  Table-lands,  &c, — The  mountain-ranges  of 
North  America  form  two  widely  distant  highland  regions, 
separated  from  each  other  by  the  vast  interior  plain  whick 


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mtaine  the  great  fresh-water  lakes  and  is  drained  to  the 

.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  to  the  N.E. 
by  the  St.  Lawrence,  which  is  the  outlet  of  the  great  lakes, 
and  to  the  N.  by  the  Saskatchewan,  the  Athabasca,  the 
Mackenzie,  and  numerous  smaller  streams.  This  plain  ex- 
tends from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  Arctic  Ooean,  about 
2800  miles,  and  between  it  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  the  highest 
ranges  are  found,  extending  nearly  N.  and  S.  parallel  with 
the  coast  of  that  ocean.  A  system  or  chain  called  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  a  continuation  of  the  Andes,  extends 
from  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  to  the  Arctic  Ocean.  The 
Sierra  Madre  of  Mexico  is  connected  with  this  system, 
which  in  the  United  States  forms  the  continental  divide  or 
water-shed  between  the  Pacific  and  the  Mississippi.  The 
highest  peaks  in  North  America  are  Popocatepetl,  in  Mexico, 
17,784  feet  high ;  Mount  St.  Elias,  in  Alaska,  which  is  said 
to  be  19,500  feet;  Orizaba,  in  Mexico,  17,380  feet;  Mount 
Brown,  15,990  feet;  Mount  Hooker,  16,750  feet;  Mount 
Whitney,  Cal.,  14,898  feet ;  Mount  Fairweather,  15,500  feet. 
Many  other  peaks  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  are  more  than 
14,000  feet,  and  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  Their 
sides  are  generally  clothed  with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and 
other  coniferous  trees.     (See  Rocky  Mountains.) 

Between  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  is  a 
long  and  lofty  range,  which  is  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast 
(and  not  more  than  150  miles  from  it),  and  is  called  in 
California  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Its  northern  continuation 
in  Oregon  and  Washington  is  called  the  Cascade  Range. 
The  highest  peak  of  this  range  is  Mount  St.  Elias,  which 
is  a  volcano.  Among  the  remarkable  mountains  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  are  Mount  Whitnfey  and  Mount  Shasta 
(14,440  feet).  (See  Sierra  Nevada.)  Between  the  Sierra 
Nevada  and  the  Wahsatch  Mountains  (a  range  which  crosses 
Utah  about  midway  between  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Sierra  Nevada)  is  an  arid  plateau  called  the  Great  Basin 
or  Fremont's  Basin,  which  is  about  500  miles  in  extent  and 
has  an  elevation  of  nearly  5000  feet.  Here  are  salt  lakes 
which  have  no  outlet,  and  rivers  which  send  no  tribute  to 
the  sea.  The  central  part  of  Mexico  is  a  high  table-land, 
sometimes  called  Anahuac,  the  elevation  of  which  is  from 
6000  to  8000  feet.  From  this  plateau,  which  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  and  W.  by  high  mountains,  rise  Popocatepetl  and 
other  volcanoes.  Another  large  plateau  occurs  In  New 
Mexico,  with  an  elevation  of  from  4000  to  6000  feet.  About 
half  the  area  of  North  America  from  the  Alleghanies  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  including  part  of  Canada  and  Labrador, 
has  been  characterized  by  Humboldt  as  "an  almost  con- 
tinuous region  of  savannas  and  prairies."  The  great  fertile 
basin  of  the  Mississippi  is  the  most  characteristic  and  val- 
uable part  of  North  America.  A  large  part  of  this  plain 
was  originally  covered  with  dense  forests. 

In  North  America,  as  in  other  continents,  the  great  ocean 
is  bordered  by  a  chain  of  high  mountains,  and  the  lesser 
ocean,  the  Atlantic,  by  a  chain  or  system  much  inferior  in 
height  and  in  breadth.  This  is  the  Appalachian  system  (or 
Alleghanies),  which  determines  the  trend  of  the  Atlantic 
coast,  to  which  it  is  nearly  parallel.  Its  direction  is  nearly 
N.E.  and  S.W.  The  term  Alleghanies  is  usually  confined 
to  that  part  of  this  system  which  is  included  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Virginia,  consisting  of  a  series  of  parallel  ridges 
separated  by  narrow  valleys.  The  northern  part  of  New 
York  is  occupied  by  a  group  called  the  Adirondacks.  The 
highest  peak  of  the  Appalachian  system  is  in  North  Caro- 
lina. It  is  estimated  to  be  6707  feet  high.  See  Appala- 
chian Mountains. 

Rivera  and  Lakes. — No  continent  is  more  amply  supplied 
with  large  navigable  rivers,  opening  the  interior  to  the 
commerce  of  the  world.  "All  the  great  development  of 
the  hydraulic  system  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  Pacific 
mountain-chain."  From  the  great  interior  plain  the  Mac- 
kenzie River  runs  northward  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  the  St. 
Lawrence  into  the  Atlantic,  and  the  Mississippi  and  Rio 
Grande  del  Norte  southward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The 
Mississippi  with  its  tributaries  affords  a  greater  extent 
of  inland  navigation  than  all  the  rivers  of  Europe.  The 
other  principal  rivers  are  the  Missouri,  the  Arkansas,  the 
Ohio,  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  Red  River,  the  Kansas,  the 
Colorado,  which  enters  the  Gulf  of  California,  the  Nel- 
son, the  Platte,  the  Yukon,  and  the  Columbia,  which  enters 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  Steamboats  ascend  the  Mississippi  to 
St.  Paul,  about  2200  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  they  ascend 
the  Missouri  to  Fort  Benton,  which  is  3900  miles  from  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  about  2500  miles  from  the  junction  of 
the  Missouri  with  the  Mississippi.  The  length  of  this  river, 
including  the  Missouri,  is  about  4300  miles.  "Within  a 
radius  of  ten  miles,"  says  Hayden,  "may  be  found  the 
sources  of  three  of  the   largest  rivers  in   America, — the 


Columbia,  the  Missouri,  and  the  Colorado."  The  St.  Law* 
rence  is  the  outlet  of  five  great  lakes, — namely,  Superior, 
which  has  an  area  of  about  32,000  square  miles,  Huron 
(21,000  square  miles),  Michigan  (about  20,000  square  miles), 
Erie,  and  Ontario.  These  constitute  the  largest  collection 
of  fresh  water  on  the  globe,  are  connected  by  straita  and 
short  rivers,  and  are  channels  of  a  very  extensive  commerce, 
in  which  hundreds  of  steamboats  are  employed.  All  the 
water  which  issues  from  four  of  these  lakes  plunges  over  a 
precipice  at  Niagara  Falls,  the  most  magnificent  cataract  in 
the  world.  The  other  principal  lakes  are  the  Athabasca, 
the  Winnipeg,  the  Slave  Lake,  and  the  Great  Bear  Lake,  in 
British  America ;  Champlain  and  Great  Salt  Lake,  in  the 
United  States ;  and  Lake  Nicaragua,  in  the  state  of  Nic* 
aragua.  The  states  of  Maine,  New  York,  Michigan,  Min- 
nesota, Florida,  and  Oregon  contain  multitudes  of  beautiful 
lakes  from  1  to  45  miles  in  length. 

Climate. — The  climate  is  variable,  and  generally  healthy, 
but  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  The  tem- 
perature of  the  Atlantic  coast  in  winter  is  about  10°  lower 
than  that  of  places  of  the  same  latitude  in  Western  Europe ; 
but  the  climate  of  the  Pacific  slope  in  California  and  Oregon 
is  milder  than  that  of  the  Atlantic  states.  In  British  America 
and  the  Northern  United  States  the  winters  are  long  and 
severe.  The  north  and  northwest  winds,  coming  from  the 
Arctic  regions,  are  not  obstructed  by  any  chain  of  moun- 
tains, and  often  reduce  the  temperature  even  of  the  Middle 
States  to  10°  or  15°  below  zero.  "The  extreme  cold  of 
Northeast  America,"  says  Sir  John  Herschel,  "  is  evidently 
referable  to  the  delivery  of  the  whole  circulating  water  of 
the  Arctic  Ocean  along  its  coast,  and  through  the  intricacies 
of  Baffin's  and  Hudson's  Bays,  and  the  channels  leading 
into  them,  deep  into  the  continent." 

The  difference  between  the  mean  summer  temperature 
and  that  of  winter  amounts  to  44°  at  Philadelphia  and  54° 
at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota.  The  entire  range  of  the  ther- 
mometer at  San  Diego,  California,  is  only  50°  Fahr.,  but  in 
the  Atlantic  states  it  is  110°  or  more.  The  table-lands  of 
Mexico,  though  in  the  torrid  zone,  have  a  delightful  and 
temperate  climate,  except  the  liability  to  long  droughts. 
The  extremes  of  heat  and  cold  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  are 
as  great  as  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  In  Central  America  the 
climate  of  the  lowlands  is  hot  and  unhealthy.  The  year  is 
divided  into  two  seasons,  the  wet  and  the  dry.  The  sun  is 
vertical  in  the  wet  season,  which  comes  between  April  and 
October.  During  this  season,  sometimes  called  winter,  the 
sun  is  almost  continually  hidden  by  clouds,  and  rain  often 
falls  in  torrents.  The  dry  season  lasts  from  October  to  April 
or  May. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Palaeozoic  strata,  Silurian,  De- 
vonian, and  Carboniferous,  are  largely  developed  in  the 
United  States.  The  Alleghany  mountain-system  belongs 
chiefly  to  the  older  and  newer  Palteozoic,  the  Silurian  and 
Devonian  groups  of  rocks,  being  flanked  on  both  sides  by 
bands  of  the  Carboniferous  seriej,  which  on  the  west  expand 
into  extensive  coal-fields.  "The  North  American  conti- 
nent," says  the  Encyclopeedia  Britannica,  "  affords  an  in- 
teresting study  of  the  geological  changes  and  adjustmenis 
by  which  the  mighty  work  of  preparation  for  what  promises 
to  be  a  noble  development  of  humanity  was  slowly  effected 
in  the  remote  epochs  of  the  past.  The  oldest  sedimentary 
rooks  anywhere  found  on  the  globe  are  those  which  under- 
lie the  whole  of  Canada,  New  Brunswick,  Newfoundland, 
the  Labrador  peninsula,  and  the  country  N.  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior." These  are  called  the  Laurentian.  Metamorphic  and 
tertiary  strata  occupy  a  large  part  of  the  continent.  The 
Cretaceous  system  is  largely  developed  in  the  Dakotas,  Ne- 
braska, Texas,  Utah,  and  other  western  states  and  territories. 

The  Colorado  River  flows  for  about  300  miles  in  a  pro- 
found chasm  between  vertical  walls  which  are  at  some  places 
a  mile  high.  It  opens  all  the  series  of  geological  strata 
down  to  their  granite  foundation.  Volcanic  rocks  abound 
in  the  Cascade  Range  and  in  other  regions  between  the  Pa- 
cific and  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  nucleus  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  is  mostly  formed  of  granite,  gneiss,  trachyte,  <tc. 
Here  are  rich  mines  of  gold,  which  also  abounds  in  the 
Mountains  of  Colorado,  Idaho,  California,  and  Montana, 
and  is  found  in  British  Columbia,  in  Arizona,  in  the  Black 
Hills  of  South  Dakota,  in  Georgia,  and  in  the  Carolinas. 
There  are  rich  silver-mines  in  Mexico,  Nevada,  New  Mexico, 
Montana,  Utah,  and  Colorado.  Copper  abounds  in  the  upper 
peninsula  of  Michigan,  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior.  Iron, 
lead,  and  coal  abound  in  many  of  the  United  States.  Anti- 
mony, cobalt,  nickel,  platinum,  titanium,  quicksilver,  tin, 
zinc,  Ac,  are  found.  Large  quantities  of  petroleum  are 
procured  in  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  and  Ken- 
tucky.   The  greatest  known  deposits  of  coal  in  the  world 


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are  those  of  the  United  States.  In  Central  America,  ig- 
neous and  volcanic  rocks  abound ;  among  the  mineral  prod- 
uotB  are  gold,  quicksilver,  granite,  silver,  lead,  marble, 
jasper,  sulphur,  and  iron. 

Vegetable  Productions. — The  flora  of  the  eastern  part  of 
North  America,  from  the  36th  parallel  to  the  Arctic  re- 
gions, differs  from  that  of  Europe  in  the  paucity  of  umbel- 
liferous and  cruciferous  plants,  in  the  absence  of  heaths, 
and  in  the  abundance  of  asters  and  solidagos.  The  forests 
of  this  region  produce  many  species  of  oak,  maple,  ash, 
beech,  birch,  cedar,  hickory,  fir,  gum,  pine,  poplar,  wild 
cherry,  willow,  chestnut,  elm,  locust,  linden,  cypress  ( Taxo- 
dium),  tulip-tree,  walnut,  &c.  "Of  2891  species  of  phaen- 
ogamous  plants  in  the  United  States,  only  385  occur  in 
Northern  or  temperate  Europe."  (Herschel.)  Among  the 
forest-trees  of  the  Southern  United  States  are  the  Magnolia 
grandifiora  and  other  magnolias,  the  live-oak,  the  decidu- 
ous cypress,  the  long-leaved  pine,  and  the  palmetto.  North 
America  produces  about  45  species  of  the  oak.  The  flora 
of  Western  North  America  constitutes  a  distinct  region, — 
that  of  California,  Oregon,  Alaska,  Ac.  It  is  remarkable 
for  the  beauty  and  brilliant  color  of  its  flowers,  and  for  the 
magnitude  of  its  coniferous  trees,  many  of  which  are  pecu- 
liar to  that  region.  Among  these  are  the  Sequoia  giguntea, 
which  grows  300  feet  high,  with  a  diameter  of  30  feet,  the 
redwood  {Sequoia  aempervirens),  the  Pinus  ponderosa,  the 
Pimis  Lambertiana,  the  Abies  Douglasii,  and  other  species 
of  fir.  The  principal  cultivated  plants  are  maize,  cotton, 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  apples,  tobacco,  rice,  sugar-cane,  grapes, 
flax,  oranges,  potatoes,  clover,  beans,  and  peas.  The  flora 
of  Mexico  and  Central  America  is  characterized  by  cactuses 
and  piperaceous  plants.  The  mahogany,  logwood,  and. 
lignum-vitae  are  found  in  those  regions.  The  niost  impor- 
tant cultivated  plants  are  maize,  sugar-cane,  sweet  potatoes, 
indigo,  tobacco,  and  cacao.  The  vanilla  and  the  cherimoya 
nr  chirimoya,  a  delicious  fruit,  flourish  here. 

Zoology. — The  indigenous  animals  of  this  continent  diff'er 
greatly  from  those  of  the  other  continents.  The  species  of 
large  carnivorous  animals  found  here  are  less  numerous 
than  those  of  Africa  and  Asia.  North  America  has  few  if 
any  pachydermata,  and  only  one  genus  of  marsupials,  the 
opossum.  The  most  formidable  beast  of  prey  is  the  grizzly 
bear  (  Ursus  horribilis),  which  is  peculiar  to  this  continent. 
The  other  principal  carnivorous  animals  are  the  polar  bear, 
black  bear,  puma,  panther  or  catamount,  wolf,  wild-cat, 
and  fox.  The  order  of  Ruminantia  is  represented  by  the 
musk-ox,  bison  or  buffalo,  elk,  antelope,  many  species  of 
deer,  the  Rocky  Mountain  sheep,  and  the  Rocky  Mountain 
goat  (so  called).  Among  the  smaller  quadrupeds  are  the 
beaver,  badger,  marmot,  otter,  raccoon,  porcupine,  rabbit, 
musk-rat,  squirrel,  and  prairie-dog.  The  class  or  order  of 
Pinnipedia  is  represented  by  the  sea-lion,  the  seal,  and  the 
walrus. 

The  North  American  species  of  birds  already  described 
amount  to  nearly  700,  of  which  more  than  300  are  peculiar. 
Among  the  rapacious  birds 'are  several  species  of  eagle,  the 
vulture,  falcon,  hawk,  and  owl.  The  wild  turkey  and  mock- 
ing-bird are  peculiar  to  North  America.  The  latter, "  besides 
possessing  an  unrivalled  song  proper  to  itself,  imitates  in 
perfection,  and  even  surpasses,  that  of  every  other  species." 
Among  the  other  birds  are  the  crow,  heron,  grouse,  pigeon, 
pheasant,  swan,  wild  goose,  pelican,  lark,  robin,  cat-bird, 
thrush,  swallow,  blue  jay,  oriole,  turtle-dove,  humming-bird, 
aparrow,  woodpecker,  and  bobolink. 

Among  the  reptiles  are  the  alligator  and  the  rattlesnake 
{Orotalus),  the  latter  of  which  is  peculiar  to  America  and  is 
among  the  most  deadly  of  serpents.  The  species  of  fishes 
found  on  the  coast  and  in  the  lakes  and  rivers  are  almost 
innumerable. 

Baces  of  Men. — The  origin  of  the  indigenous  population 
is  unknown.  It  appears  that  in  pre-historic  ages  North 
America  was  inhabited  by  partially  civilized  and  agricul- 
tural people  (mound-builders),  who  were  quite  difi"erent 
from  the  savage  and  nomadic  Indians  of  modern  times. 
Among  the  monuments  and  evidences  of  their  existence 
are  numerous  fortifications,  mounds,  walls  of  regular  ma- 
sonry, pottery,  implements  of  copper,  Ac.  It  is  probable 
that  these  people  became  extinct  1000  years  before  Co- 
lumbus discovered  America.  The  northern  part  of  this 
continent  is  inhabited  by  the  Esquimaux,  who  call  them- 
selves Innuit,  a  race  of  low  stature,  about  4i  or  5  feet  high, 
subsisting  chiefly  on  fish,  blubber,  and  the  flesh  of  seals.  They 
are  very  ignorant  and  uncivilized.  The  other  aborigines 
are  generally  tall,  robust,  and  well  proportioned,  with  prom- 
inent cheek-bones,  long,  coarse,  black  hair,  and  thin  beard. 
The  complexion  of  some  tribes  is  copper-red  or  brown,  pre- 
senting a  considerable  diversity  of  shade.     They  are  no- 


madic and  predatory  in  habits,  subsisting  mainly  by  hunting 
and  fishing,  but  some  tribes  cultivate  the  soil.  They  are 
distinguished  for  their  power  of  endurance  and  their  stoical 
fortitude  and  apathy,  and  are  warlike,  cruel,  and  treacherous. 
Many  of  the  tribes  manifest  implacable  hostility  to  other 
tribes,  and  are  engaged  in  almost  continual  warfare.  They 
torture  prisoners  of  war,  and  sometimes  bum  them  at  the 
stake.  They  often  ride  on  horseback  in  their  predatory 
expeditions  and  hunting-excursions.  They  are  in  a  low 
state  of  intellectual  development,  are  averse  to  the  restraints 
of  education  and  regular  industry,  and  cannot  easily  be  in- 
duced to  substitute  civilized  habits  and  institutions  for  their 
wild  and  primitive  mode  of  life.  "They  are  curious  ob- 
servers, noting  everything  in  silence,  with  a  keen  and 
watchful  eye,  occasionally  exchanging  a  glance  or  a  grunt 
with  each  other,  but  reserving  all  comment  till  they  are 
alone."  Some  tribes  build  rude  huts  called  wigwams,  which 
are  often  circular.  The  number  of  languages  spoken  by  the 
aborigines,  including  those  of  South  America,  is  estimated 
at  460.  The  population  of  Mexico  and  Central  America 
consists  of  Creoles,  whites,  mestizoes,  and  Indians.  The 
mestizoes  are  the  offspring  of  white  and  Indian  parents. 
The  women  are  treated  with  little  respect,  and  perform  the 
hard  labor.  Among  the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States 
are  about  4,000,000  persons  of  the  African  race.  The  Euro- 
pean or  white  population  of  this  continent  consists  mostly 
of  descendants  of  Anglo-Saxons,  Germans,  Irish,  Scandina« 
vians,  and  Spaniards. 

History. — Columbus  discovered  Cuba,  and  other  islands, 
in  1492.  John  Cabot  and  his  son  Sebastian  discovered  the 
coast  of  North  America  in  1497.  It  is  supposed  that  Lab- 
rador was  the  part  of  the  continent  first  saen  by  the  Cabots. 
About  1500,  Gaspar  de  Cortereal,  a  Portuguese,  explored  or 
visited  the  coast  of  Labrador.  Ponce  de  Leon  discovered 
Florida  in  1512.  In  1624,  Giovanni  Verrazano,  a  Floren- 
tine navigator,  patronized  by  Francis  I.  of  France,  explored 
about  2000  miles  of  the  eastern  coast,  including  the  United 
States.  Cortez,  a  Spaniard,  conquered  Mexico  and  the  ter- 
ritory southward,  about  1520.  French  colonies  were  planted 
in  Canada,  and  English  colonies  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  but 
in  1769-60  the  former  passed  under  the  government  of 
the  British,  and  the  latter  declared  themselves  independent 
in  1776  and  established  the  republic  of  the  United  States 
(for  the  subsequent  history,  see  United  States).  In  1822 
Mexico  threw  ofi"  the  Spanish  yoke,  and  has  since  remained 
independent ;  and  in  1824  the  five  states  of  Central  America, 
Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  San  Sal- 
vador, united  to  form  a  federal  republic.  The  union  was 
dissolved  in  1839,  since  which  this  region  has  been  a  scene 
of  revolution  and  anarchy. 

South  America  (Fr.  Amirique  Miridional,  i^mi^reek' 
m4^reeMe-o^nal',  or  Amirique  du  Sud,  i^mi^reek'  dii  slid ; 
Ger.  Sud  Amerika,  siid  i-mi're-ki ;  Span.  America  Meri- 
dional, &-m4're-k&  mi-re-de-o-nil'),  a  vast  triangular  pen- 
insula, connected  on  the  N.W.  with  North  America  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  Pacific.  It  extends  from  lat.  12°  30'  N.  to  Cape 
Horn,  lat.  65°  59'  S.,  a  distance  of  about  4800  miles.  Its 
greatest  breadth  from  E.  to  W.  is  about  3200  miles.  The 
area  is  estimated  at  6,800,000  square  miles,  and  the  coast- 
line is  about  16,500  miles  long.  Its  form  is  compact,  and 
it  is  not  deeply  indented  by  gulfs  or  bays.  About  three- 
fourths  of  South  America  lie  in  the  torrid  zone.  There  are 
no  large  islands  near  its  coasts,  except  Terra  del  Fuego, 
Chiloe,  and  Joannes  or  Marajo.  The  population  of  South 
America  is  estimated  at  33,342,700. 

Political  Divisions. — These  are  Brazil,  British  Guiana, 
Dutch  Guiana,  French  Guiana,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  Vene- 
zuela, Bolivia,  Chili,  Peru,  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay, 
and  Paraguay. 

Mountains  and  Plains. — The  principal  mountain-chain  is 
the  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  which  extends  along  the  Pacific 
coast  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction  from  the  Strait  of  Magellan 
to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  a  distance  of  about  4600  miles. 
This  continuous  chain,  which  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
physical  features  of  the  globe,  is  nearly  parallel  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  and  is  about  100  miles  from  that  ocean.  The 
Andes  are  the  highest  mountains  of  the  world  except  the 
Himalayas.  The  height  of  the  porphyritio  nevado  of  Acon- 
cagua, a  peak  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  is  computed  to  be 
23,290  feet  (some  say  22,422).  A  single  straight  chain  ex- 
tends in  a  precise  meridional  direction  from  Cape  Horn 
nearly  to  lat.  20°  S.  From  a  point  near  the  volcano  Sahama 
(22,360  feet  high),  it  deflects  N.W.,  still  following  the  sea- 
coast,  but  it  is  now  flanked  by  a  great  parallel  chain,  the 
Cordillera  Real,  which  culminates  in  Mount  Sorata  (21,286 


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fett).  These  chains  include  between  them  the  plateau  of 
Bolivia,  a  groat  table-land,  which  is  12,900  feet  above  the 
Bea-level,  and  contains  Lake  Titicaca.  The  Cordillera  Real 
is  parallel  to  the  main  chain,  in  which  alone  the  active  vol- 
canoes occur.  Among  these- volcanoes  are  Sahama,  Guala- 
teiri  (21,960  feet),  Chipicani,  and  Cotopaxi  (18,880  feet). 
The  mean  elevation  of  the  Andes,  according  to  Humboldt, 
is  11,830  feet.  "  Among  the  colossal  mountains  of  Cundi- 
namaroa,  of  Quito,  and  of  Peru,  furrowed  by  deep  ravines, 
man  is  enabled  to  contemplate  alike  all  the  families  of 
plants  and  all  the  stars  of  the  firmament.  .  .  .  There  the 
depths  of  the  earth  and  the  vaults  of  heaven  display  all  the 
richness  of  their  forms  and  the  variety  of  their  phenomena." 

Brazil  is  partly  occupied  by  several  ranges  of  mountains, 
the  culminating  point  of  which  is  Itambe,  said  to  be  8426 
feet  high.  A  branch  of  the  Andes,  called  the  Coast  chain, 
or  Cordillera  of  the  Coast,  extends  northeastward  through 
Venezuela  to  the  Caribbean  Sea.  The  highest'  point  of 
this  range  is  the  Silla  de  Caracas,  which  has  an  altitude  of 
8700  feet.  The  interior  of  this  continent  is  occupied  by  {he 
basin  of  the  Amazon,  and  by  other  vast  level  plains,  called 
Pampas.  The  basin  of  the  Amazon  is  a  plain  with  an  area 
of  about  2,000,000  square  miles,  having  a  rich  soil  and  a 
warm  and  humid  climate.  Part  of  this  plain  is  called 
Silvas,  and  is  covered  by  an  immense  primeval  forest,  so 
dense  and  impenetrable  as  to  defy  access  except  by  the  navi- 
gation of  the  rivers,  and  tenanted  by  innumerable  animals. 
The  term  Pampas  is  applied  to  the  great  plains  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  situated  between  the  Andes  and  the  river 
Parana  and  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  This  vast  tract  is  destitute  of  trees  and  is  not  well 
watered.  In  the  wet  season  it  produces  gigantic  thistles 
and  long  pampas  grass,  and  is  overrun  by  innumerable 
herds  of  cattle  and  horses ;  in  the  dry  season  it  becomes  a 
desert,  and  the  vegetation  disappears.  The  area  of  the 
Pampas  is  estimated  at  500,000  square  miles,  excluding 
those  of  the  old  division  of  Patagonia,  which  are  still  more 
sterile.  In  the  basin  of  the  Orinoco  are  extensive  plains, 
called  Llanos,  which  are  perfectly  level. 

Rivers  and  Lakes. — South  America  possesses  the  largest 
river  of  the  world,  the  Amazon,  which  is  about  4000  miles 
long.  All  the  great  rivers  flow  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the 
Pacific  slope  being  too  narrow  to  nurture  any  streams  but 
short  mountain-torrents.  It  is  stated  that  the  Amazon  dis- 
charges a  greater  volume  of  water  than  the  eight  principal 
rivers  of  Asia.  It  is  navigable  2200  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  opens  an  easy  communication  from  the  Atlantic  almost 
to  the  base  of  the  Andes.  It  is  connected  with  the  Orinoco 
by  a  natural  and  navigable  canal  called  the  Cassiquiare,  the 
surface  here  being  too  low  and  level  to  form  a  water-shed 
between  the  two  basins.  The  principal  tributaries  of  the 
Amazon  are  the  Rio  Negro,  the  Putumayo,  the  Madeira, 
the  Japura,  the  Purus,  the  Tapajos,  and  the  Xingu.  The 
northern  part  of  South  America  is  drained  by  the  Orinoco. 
The  other  great  rivers  are  the  La  Plata  or  Parana,  the  Para- 
guay, and  the  Sao  Francisco.  This  continent  is  deficient 
in  lakes.  The  largest  of  its  lakes  is  Titicaca,  celebrated  as 
the  cradle  of  Peruvian  civilization.  It  is  about  100  miles 
long,  600  feet  deep,  and  12,795  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Climate. — In  the  portions  which  lie  in  the  torrid  zone  the 
climate  is  modified  by  trade-winds,  high  mountains,  and 
other  local  causes.  In  the  basin  of  the  Amazon  the  climate 
is  not  very  hot,  nor  very  unhealthy,  the  heat  being  tem- 
pered by  immense  forests  and  the  east  wind  which  generally 
blows  up  the  river.  This  great  plain  is  remarkable  for  the 
small  seasonal  variation  of  heat,  and  enjoys  perpetual  sum- 
mer. Here  the  year  is  divided  into  two  seasons,  the  wet 
and  the  dry.  Excessive  rains  fall  in  the  months  of  Jan- 
uary, February,  March,  April,  and  May,  accompanied  by 
violent  thunder-storms.  The  hottest  part  of  South  America 
is  the  steppes  of  Caracas,  where  the  highest  temperature  is 
about  98°  in  the  shade.  Brazil  exhibits  a  considerable 
variety  of  climate.  ParJt,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon, 
has  an  equable  and  delightful  climate,  with  a  mean  annual 
temperature  of  80°,  a  maximum  of  95°,  and  a  minimum  of 
68°  or  70°  Fahr.  The  mean  annual  temperature  at  the  city 
of  Buenos  Ayres  is  about  68°.  On  the  west  coast,  between 
the  Andes  and  the  sea,  is  a  narrow  rainless  district  nearly 
1000  miles  long. 

Oeology  and  Minerals. — Granite  forms  the  foundation  of 
this  continent,  and  gneiss,  mica  schist,  and  quartz  are  found 
associated  with  the  granite.  The  great  Cordillera  of  the 
Andes  is  composed  mainly  of  granite,  gneiss,  porphyry, 
trachyte,  basalt,  and  other  igneous  rocks.  Tertiary  beds, 
together  with  post-tertiary  or  alluvial  beds,  cover  the  largest 
part  of  the  great  plains  or  river-basins,  and  also  occur  on 
the  seaward  flanks  of  the  principal  mountain-chains.    Hum- 


boldt found  in  Peru  vast  masses  of  quartz,  7000  feet  high. 
Red  sandstone,  carboniferous  limestone,  and  other  limestones 
are  largely  developed  in  Brazil  and  other  parts  of  the  con- 
tinent. Jurassic  and  triassio  rocks  are  found  on  the  west 
flank  of  the  Andes.  The  rich  and  deep  soil  of  the  Pampas 
is  alluvial,  deposited  in  the  estuary  of  the  La  Plata,  the 
position  of  which  has  been  changed  continually  by  the 
gradual  upheaval  of  the  country.  In  the  Peruvian  Andes 
coal  occurs  at  the  height  of  14,750  feet.  A  large  coal-field 
has  been  found  in  Brazil,  in  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina, 
near  the  sea.  Rich  mines  of  precious  metals  are  found 
in  many  parts  of  South  America,  especially  in  Bolivia, 
Brazil,  Chili,  and  Peru.  The  silver-mines  of  Potosi  (Bo- 
livia) are  celebrated,  and  silver  abounds  near  Copiapo,  in 
Chili.  Gold  is  found  in  the  Peruvian  Andes,  in  Brazil,  and 
in  Chili.  The  copper-mines  of  Chili  are  among  the  most 
productive  in  the  world.  Brazil  possesses  important  dia- 
mond-mines. The  finest  emeralds  are  found  in  Colombia 
and  Venezuela.  Iron  ore  abounds  in  Brazil  and  Chili ;  leai' 
is  found  in  the  former,  and  coal  is  mined  in  the  latter. 

Vegetable  Products. — This  continent  is  remarkable  for  the 
magnitude  of  its  forests,  which  are  estimated  to  cover  two- 
thirds  of  its  surface.  The  basin  of  the  Amazon,  and  the 
upper  part  of  that  of  the  Parana,  are  rich  beyond  descrip- 
tion in  forest  vegetation.  Palms  and  melastomas  are  its 
most  characteristic  forms.  The  magnificent  evergreen  trees 
are  covered,  festooned,  and  draped  with  parasitical  creepers 
and  twining  plants,  with  orchideae,  tillandsias,  lianas,  <tc., 
and  many  of  them  are  adorned  with  brilliant  flowers,  which 
are  on  the  tops  of  the  trees.  Among  the  valuable  trees 
are  the  Ch'nchona,  which  grows  in  the  highlands  of  Peru ; 
the  Siphonia  elastica,  a  native  of  Brazil,  which  affords 
caoutchouc ;  the  Theobroma  Cacao ;  the  Araucaria  im- 
bricata,  of  Chili  (260  feet  in  height) ;  several  species  of 
oak,  of  brazil-wood,  and  of  rose-wood ;  the  cow-tree,  of  two 
or  more  species,  yielding  a  sweet  and  nourishing  fluid  like 
milk.  The  potato  is  here  indigenous,  and  grows  wild  in 
Peru.  The  Mora  excelsa,  a  native  of  Guiana,  is  an  excel- 
lent timber  tree. 

Among  the  vegetable  products  are  coffee,  sugar,  cacao, 
indigo,  maize,  the  century-plant  {Agave  Americana),  ba- 
nanas, oranges,  pine-apples,  arajas,  cocoanuts,  grapes, 
mangoes,  the  chirimoya,  the  guava,  mangabas,  tapioca, 
vanilla,  and  the  mati,  or  Paraguay  tea.  The  natives  of 
Bolivia  and  Peru  use  large  quantities  of  the  narcotic  and 
stimulant  coca,  the  leaf  of  the  Erythroxylon  Coca,  a  shrub 
which  grows  in  the  tropical  valleys  near  the  Andes.  The 
region  of  arborescent  Composite,  extending  from  the  tropic 
of  Capricorn  to  lat.  40°  S.,  comprises  Southern  Brazil,  Chili, 
and  the  Argentine  Republic.  Among  the  mountains  and 
table-lands  of  Peru  and  Ecuador  the  fruits  and  plants  of 
the  temperate  zone  flourish  under  the  equator.  "  There  at 
a  single  glance,"  says  Humboldt,  "  the  eye  surveys  majestic 
palms,  humid  forests  of  bambusa,  and  the  varied  species  of 
Musacese,  while  above  these  forms  of  tropical  vegetation 
appear  oaks,  medlars,  the  sweet-brier,  and  umbelliferous 
plants." 

Within  an  area  half  a  mile  square  in  an  Amazonian 
forest  Agassiz  counted  117  species  of  trees.  The  wood  of 
many  of  these  is  excellent  timber  for  cabinet-work.  Among 
them  are  the  cedro,  or  Brazilian  mahogany,  the  blaok-heart 
{Andira  aublettii),  the  tortoise-shell  wood  (Piratinera  Guia- 
nensis),  the  majaranduba  {Mimusops  elata),  which  grows 
200  feet  high,  and  is  good  for  ship-building  and  furniture. 

Zoology. — The  animals  of  South  America  are  very  dif- 
ferent from  those  of  Africa,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The 
number  of  formidable  beasts  of  prey  is  not  so  great  here,  the 
most  dangerous  animal  being  the  jaguar  {Felis  onco),  which 
resembles  a  leopard  in  form  and  color  and  exceeds  it  in 
length.  Among  the  other  carnivorous  animals  are  the  puma, 
or  cougar  {Felis  concolor),  the  ocelot,  tiger-cat,  and  other 
species  of  Felidx.  The  monkey  tribe  is  well  represented 
by  many  species,  which  abound  in  the  forests  of  the 
tropical  regions,  and  are  highly  developed  tree-climbers, 
rarely  descending  to  the  ground.  As  they  are  the  most 
powerful  mammals  of  arboreal  habits,  they  have  nearly  un- 
disputed possession  of  these  forests.  The  lama,  alpaca,  and 
vicufia  are  peculiar  to  South  America.  Among  the  other 
animals  are  the  deer,  chinchilla,  tapir,  armadillo,  ant-eater, 
sloth,  peccary,  and  capybara,  an  aquatic  animal  of  the  order 
Rodentia.  Guiana  and  Brazil  are  infested  by  vampires, 
large  bats  which  are  said  to  suck  the  blood  of  sleeping  men. 
The  Pampas  swarm  with  wild  cattle  and  horses,  supposed  to 
be  descended  from  progenitors  that  were  brought  to  South 
America  by  Europeans.  In  the  tropical  marshes  are  found 
the  boa-constrictor,  the  scorpion,  and  a  large  centipede. 
The  condor  frequents  th»  inaccessible  peaks  of  the  Andes 


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Among  the  other  birds  are  the  eagle,  vulture,  parrot,  curas- 
■ow,  and  toucan.  The  number  of  species  of  fish  in  the 
South  American  waters  is  very  great.  Agassiz  found  about 
2000  species  in  the  basin  of  the  Amazon. 

Population  and  Racet. — The  ruling  classes  in  all  the 
South  American  countries  are  descendants  of  Spaniards, 
except  in  the  case  of  Brazil,  whose  rulers  are  of  Portu- 
guese descent.  A  large  portion  of  the  population  is  a 
mixed  race  of  Spanish  (or  Portuguese)  and  Indian  par- 
entage. The  Indians  are  also  numerous.  The  color  of 
their  skin  is  generally  reddish-brown  or  copper-color.  They 
have  long,  coarse,  black  hair,  black  eyes,  aquiline  nose,  thin 
beard  or  no  beard.  They  are  ignorant,  indolent,  uncivil- 
ized, and  mostly  unwarlike,  except  the  Araucanians.  The 
most  prominent  trait  of  their  character  is  an  imperturbable 
apathy.  The  Peruvian  Indians,  or  Quichuas,  are  mild,  gen- 
tle, indolent,  and  reserved.  The  Araucanians  are  more 
intelligent,  vigorous,  and  warlike,  and  love  their  liberty. 
They  are  skilful  in  working  gold,  silver,  and  other  metals. 
The  Pampas  Indians  are  short  in  stature,  but  muscular  and 
athletic,  with  cruel  and  ferocious  dispositions.  The  Pampas 
are  inhabited  by  rude  and  turbulent  people  called  Gauchos, 
who  are  mestizoes  or  half-breeds.  They  live  on  horseback, 
and  eat  beef  almost  exclusively.  In  Brazil  the  negroes  and 
mulattoes,  descended  from  slaves  imported  from  Africa,  con- 
stitute one  of  the  largest  elements  of  the  population.  Brazil 
is  also  occupied  by  numerous  tribes  of  aborigines,  who  remain 
in  a  savage  state.  They  are  men  of  middle  stature,  robust, 
and  muscular,  with  long  black  hair,  black  eyes,  and  apathetic 
or  cruel  dispositions. 

History. — This  continent  was  discovered  by  Christopher 
Columbus  on  his  third  voyage,  in  1498,  landing  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Orinoco  River.  Alonzo  de  Ojeda,  a  Spaniard, 
accompanied  by  Amerigo  Vespucci,  explored  the  northern 
coasts  about  1499-1500.  Vespucci  published  a  narrative  of 
this  voyage.  Cabral,  a  Portuguese  navigator,  discovered 
Brazil  in  1500.  Vincent  Pinfon  (or  Pinzon)  is  said  to  have 
entered  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata  in  1508.  About 
1512  Vasco  Nunez  de  Balboa  crossed  the  Isthmus  of  Darien 
and  discovered  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Pizarro,  a  Spanish  ad- 
venturer, conquered  Peru  about  1532.  In  1519,  Magellan 
(or  Magalhaens)  discovered  the  straits  now  bearing  his  name. 
The  Spaniards  conquered  nearly  all  parts  of  South  America 
except  Brazil,  which  was  subject  to  the  King  of  Portugal 
until  1822,  when  an  independent  empire  was  established. 
The  Spanish  colonies  revolted  in  1810,  and  waged  a  long 
war  of  independence  against  the  royalist  Spanish  armies, 
establishing  the  republics  of  Chili  (1817),  Colombia  (1819), 
La  Plata  (1810),  Paraguay  (1810),  and  Peru  (1821). 

America,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  near  the 
San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N. 
of  Santa  Rosa. 

America,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co..  111.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Cairo. 

America,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.  It  con- 
tains Le  Mars,  the  county  seat.     Pop.  4754. 

America,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Beattysville. 

America  City,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas, 
about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  is  6  miles  S.  of  Cor- 
ning Railroad  Station. 

America  Meridional,  Spanish  for  South  America. 

Amer'ican  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co., 
Md.,  6  miles  N.  of  Federalsburg. 

American  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho, 
on  Snake  River,  82  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Shoshone. 

American  Flat,  of  Storey  co.,  Nev.,  is  on  the  Vir- 
ginia &  Truckee  Railroad,  about  3  miles  from  Virginia.  It 
is  a  portion  of  Gold  Hill.     Silver  is  mined  here. 

American  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  at 
the  junction  of  2  railroads,  34  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  graded  schools,  a  bank, 
1  large  and  5  small  hotels,  and  a  sugar-plant.     Pop.  2700. 

American  Mines,  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  a  station 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Grafton,  in  the  Tygart's  Valley  coal  region. 

American  River,  of  California,  is  formed  by  three 
branches,  called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks,  the  first 
and  last  of  which  unite  about  3  miles  above  Folsom,  Sacra- 
mento CO.  It  runs  southwestward  about  30  miles,  and  enters 
the  Sacramento  River  at  the  city  of  Sacramento.  The 
Forks  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  run  in  narrow  canons 
or  ravines  which  in  some  plaees  are  about  2000  feet  deep. 
The  Middle  Fork  forms  tke  boundary  between  El  Dorado 
and  Placer  cos.,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  near  Auburn. 
The  South  Fork  intersects  the  county  of  El  Dorado,  and  runs 
nearly  westward.     The  North  Fork  runs  southwestward, 


and  drains  part  of  Placer  co.  Rich  gold-mines  occur  oa 
the  banks  of  these  forks. 

America  Setentrional ,  Spanish  for  North  America. 

Amer'icns,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railroads,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus, 
and  71  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Macon.     It  has  several  churches, 

2  or  3  banks,  3  newspaper  oflBces,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1880,  3635  ;  in  1890,  6398. 

Americns,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wabash  River  and  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Lafayette,  and  2  miles  from  Colburn  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  graded  school,  grist-mill,  wagon- 
shop,  Ac.     Pop.  143. 

Americns,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Emporia.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  393 ;  of  the  township,  1857. 

Americns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Americns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo., 
about  80  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Amerika,  the  German  for  America. 

Am^rique,  the  French  for  America. 

Amerique  du  Nord.    See  America. 

Am^rique  M^ridionale,  and  Amerique  du  Snd 
the  French  for  South  America. 

Am6riqne  Septentrionale.    See  America. 

Ameriscoggin,  former  name  of  the  Androscoggin. 

Amerkote,  im^er-kot',  or  Om^erkote',  a  town  and 
fort  of  India,  in  Sinde,  90  miles  E.  of  Hyderabad.  Lat. 
25°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  47'  E.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the  Em- 
peror Akbar.     The  fort  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town. 

Amerongen,  i'm^r-ong^^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2212. 

Amersfort,  or  Amersfoort,  &'m^r8-foRt\  a  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  province  of  Utrecht,  with  a  port  on  the 
Eem,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Utrecht.  Pop.  13,199.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  glass,  silk,  beer, 
and  an  active  trade  in  dried  herrings,  tobacco,  and  com. 

Amersham,  am'er-sham,  or  Agmondesham,  a 
market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Buckingham.  The  poet  Waller  was  born  in  Coles- 
hill,  in  this  parish.     Pop.  3259. 

A'mery,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  63  miles  N.E. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  451. 

Ames,  amz,  a  post-village  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  at  a 
junction  of  branches  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Line 
of  railroads,  105  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  37  miles 
N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  farm- 
gates,  Ac.  Ames  is  the  seat  of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural 
College,  founded  in  1869.     Pop.  in  1890,  1276. 

Ames,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Concordia. 

Ames,  a  station  in  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Paoifio 
Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Ames,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany.  It  contains  a  union  school,  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  several  stores. 
Pop.  150. 

Ames,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.  Pop.  1229.  It 
contains  Amesville. 

Amesbnry,  amz'bfir-?,  a  post-town  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Merrimac  River  and  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad, 
36  miles  N.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  high  school,  3  banks,  and 

4  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Amesbury  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  woollen  goods,  and  contains  10  churches, 
including  almost  all  denominations.  Pop.  in  1880,  3355; 
in  1890,  9798. 

Amesqneta,  or  Amezqneta,  &m-&s-ki't&,  a  village 
of  Spain,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  San  Sebastian.     Pop.  1300. 

Amestratus,  the  ancient  name  of  Mistretta. 

Amesville,  amz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in 
Ames  township,  on  Federal  Creek,  about  30  miles  W.  of 
Marietta.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  162. 

Ame'thi,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude.  Lat.  26°  8'  N.; 
Ion.  82°  2'  E.     Pop.  7128. 

Amfila,  a  port  of  Africa.     See  Amphila. 

Amfreville,  AM^freh-veel',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-Inf6rieure,  4  miles  from  Rouen. 

Amga,  im-gS,',  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  Ya 
kootsk.  It  rises  in  the  ofishoots  of  the  Yablonoi  Krebet 
Mountains,  about  lat.  59°  N.,  Ion.  126°  30'  E.,  flows  N.E., 
and  falls  into  the  Aldan  in  Ion.  135°  E.     Length,  460  miles. 

Amginsk,  im-gheensk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  on  the 


I 


AMH 


487 


AMI 


^mga,  which  is  here  about  3000  feet  wide.  It  is  a  posting- 
ctation  and  ferry  on  the  way  between  Yakootsk  and  Okhotsk. 
Lat.  61°  N. ;  Ion.  1.32°  B. 

Amhara,  im-hi'ri,  a  kingdom  of  Abyssinia.  It  com- 
prises all  the  country  W.  of  the  Taoazze,  and  was  formerly 
one  of  the  most  powerful  states  of  Abyssinia.  The  capital 
is  Gondar. Adj.  Amharic,  am-hir'ik. 

Amherst,  am'^rst,  a  seapoit  town  of  British  Burmah, 
on  Amherst  peninsula,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Maulmain.  Lat. 
16°  4'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  97°  45'  24"  E.  Pop.  6580.  It  was 
founded  in  1826.     The  harbor  is  spacious  and  secure. 

Amherst)  the  northernmost  district  of  Tenasserim,  in 
British  Burraah,  bounded  E.  by  Siam  and  W.  by  the  sea. 
It  is  mountainous  in  the  E.  and  alluvial  in  the  W.  Area, 
15,144  square  miles.     Capital,  Maulmain.     Pop.  235,738. 

Amherst,  am'^rst,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  and  S.W.  by  the  James  River.  The  Blue  Ridge 
extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  the  county,  and  the  surface 
presents  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  produces  tobacco,  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  <fec.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Washington  City  &  Virginia  Midland  Railroad.  Capital, 
Amherst  Court-Houso.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,900;  in  1880, 
18,709;  in  1890,  17,551. 

Amherst,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  22 
miles  E.  of  Bangor,  is  intersected  by  Union  River.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  350. 

Amherst,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township,  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Central  Massachusetts  branch  of 
the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  from  North- 
ampton, and  4  miles  E.  of  the  Connecticut  River.  It  has 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper ofiSce,  and  is  the  seat  of  Amherst  College,  founded 
in  1821.  This  college  is  situated  on  an  eminence  which 
commands  an  extensive  and  beautiful  view.  Its  Faculty 
numbers  32,  and  it  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about  330 
students.  Amherst  has  manufactures  of  palm-leaf,  paper, 
&Q.  Here  is  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College, 
founded  in  1867,  which  has  a  Faculty  of  13  members  and 
an  annual  attendance  of  about  100  students. 

Amherst,  a  township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  is  noted 
for  its  beautiful  scenery  and  educational  institutions.  It  con- 
tains villages  named  Amherst  (which  is  the  seat  of  Amherst 
College),  East  Amherst,  North  Amherst,  and  South  Amherst, 
and  has  10  churches.     Pop.  (1890)  4512. 

Amherst,  a  post-township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about 
32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Preston.  It 
has  1  church.     Pop.  1165. 

Amherst,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Nebraska,  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Omaha,  and  9  miles  from  Blair.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Amherst,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
is  in  Amherst  township,  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Concord,  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  nearly  4  miles 
N.  of  Amherst  Station  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua 
Railroad.  One  weekly  paper  is  published  here.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  essences,  flour, 
picture-frames,  &c.     Pop.  of  township,  1353. 

Amherst,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  contains  Wil- 
liamsville  and  other  villages,  has  a  fine  sulphur  spring,  and 
produces  hydraulic  cement.     Pop.  4807. 

Amherst,  a  posti-village  in  Amherst  township,  Lorain 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Cleveland,  and  4  miles  S.  of 
Lake  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
graded  school.  Here  are  quarries  of  sandstone  and  manu- 
factories of  grindstones.     Pop.  of  township,  2482. 

Amherst,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  in  Am- 
herst township,  on  the  Waupaca  River  and  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Menasha,  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  farm- 
ing-tools, lumber,  and  flour.  The  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota 
Railroad  crosses  the  Wisconsin  Central  in  Amherst  township, 
70  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay.     Pop.  of  township,  1225. 

Amherst,  a  mining-borough  in  Talbot  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  in  lat.  37°  8'  S.,  Ion.  143°  40'  E.     Pop.  2878. 

Amherst,  formerly  Fort  Lawrence,  a  port  of  entry 
of  Nova  Scotia,  the  capital  of  Cumberland  co.,  on  an  arm 
of  Cumberland  Bay,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  9 
miles  from  Sackville,  N.B.,  and  138  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hal- 
ifax. It  contains  the  county  and  railway  buildings,  about 
30  stores,  several  churches,  hotels,  mills,  and  factories,  an 
iron-foundry,  2  tanneries,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  a  branch 
bank.  It  has  a  large  trade  especially  in  lumber  and  ship- 
building.    Pop.  2000. 

Amherst,  a  port  of  entry  on  Amherst  Island,  in  the 
Qulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     It  has  a  jail  and  a  custom-house. 


Am'herstbnrg,  a  port  of  entry  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Detroit  River,  2  miles  above  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway,  18  miles  S.  from  Detroit.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  6  places  of  worship,  a  ship-yard, 
saw,-  planing,-  and  grist-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  about  25 
stores,  and  7  hotels.  Steamers  run  daily  between  Amherst- 
burg  and  Detroit.     Pop.  2279. 

Amherst  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  Lynchburg.  A  weekly  newspaper  is 
published  here.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  school  called  K«n- 
more  University.     Pop.  about  400. 

Amherst  Depot,  a  village  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Lynchburg.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  high  school,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Amherst  Furnace,  in  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  James 
River,  at  Irish  Falls,  22  miles  from  Lynchburg,  has  manu- 
factures of  charcoal  pig-iron  for  car-wheels. 

Amherst  Island,  an  island  near  the  entrance  to  the 
Bay  of  Quinte,  W.  of  Kingston,  Ontario.  Its  French  name 
was  Isle  de  Tanti.     Pop.  1189. 

Amherst  Island,  one  of  the  Magdalen  group,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Perc6.  On  its  S. 
point  is  a  light-house,  exhibiting  a  powerful  revolving  light. 
Lat.  47°  13'  N.;  Ion.  61°  58'  W.     Pop.  1131. 

Amherst  Islands,  a  group  lying  W.  of  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Corea.     Lat.  34°  25'  N.;  Ion.  126°  10'  E. 

Amherst  Isles,  off  the  coast  of  Aracan,  between  Che- 
duba  and  the  mainland.     Lat.  18°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  E. 

Amherst  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co., 
Wis.,  in  Amherst  township,  li  miles  N.W.  of  Amherst  vil- 
lage, on  the  Green  Bay  &.  Minnesota  Railroad,  where  it 
crosses  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of 
Green  Bay,  and  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Amherst  Rocks,  in  the  Eastern  Sea,  off  the  coast  of 
the  Chinese  province  of  Kiang,  is  in  lat.  31°  10'  N. 

Amicolo'la,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Amicu,  i-me-koo',  or  Amucu,  i-moo-koo',  a  lake  of 
South  America,  near  the  common  frontier  of  Brazil,  Vene- 
zuela, and  British  Guiana,  between  the  rivers  Rupununy 
andTakutu.  The  country  in  which  this  lake  is  situated  was 
the  El  Dorado  of  the  days  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  It  was  known 
as  "  the  great  lake  with  golden  banks ;"  and  within  a  few 
miles  of  it  was  supposed  to  stand  the  far-famed,  imperial, 
and  golden  city  of  Manoa,  the  object  of  the  unfortunate 
expedition  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

Amid,  or  Amida,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Diarbekir. 

Amiens,  am'e-enz  (Fr.  pron.  i'me-in"' ;  anc.  Samara- 
hri'va,  afterwards  Ambia'ni),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of 
the  department  of  Somme,  84  miles  N.  of  Paris,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  several  railways,  and  on  the  Somme,  which  within 
the  town  is  subdivided  into  11  canals  and  affords  great 
facilities  for  its  numerous  manufactures.  It  was  once  a 
place  of  strength,  but  its  ramparts  have  been  replaced  by 
boulevards,  which  encircle  the  town.  Amiens  is  divided  into 
the  upper  and  the  lower  town.  The  former  has  wide  and 
regular  streets,  with  houses  built  on  a  uniform  plan.  The 
latter  has  narrow  streets,  and  is  throughout  so  intersected 
by  the  ramifications  of  the  Somme,  and  the  numerous 
bridges  over  them,  as  to  have  made  Louis  XI.  give  it  the 
name  of  "  little  Venice."  The  most  magnificent  edifice  of 
Amiens  is  its  cathedral,  founded  in  1220.  Other  buildings 
of  note  are  the  Hfitel  de  Ville,  the  H6tel-Dieu,  or  general 
hospital,  the  grand  seminary,  with  its  magnificent  stair  and 
columned  chapel,  the  normal  school,  the  museums  of  art 
and  antiquities,  the  college,  and  the  Biblioth^que  Communale, 
a  handsome  edifice,  with  a  peristyle  of  Doric  columns,  con- 
taining 60,000  volumes.  It  has  several  learned  societies, 
and  is  a  literary  centre  of  considerable  importance.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.  'The  Somme  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  40  or 
50  tons.  Amiens  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  vel- 
vet, kerseymere,  serges,  plush,  drugget,  cambric,  tapestry, 
cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  stuffs,  merinos,  silks,  machinery, 
chemicals,  beet  sugar,  paper,  milliners'  goods,  confections, 
&o.  The  spinning  of  flax  and  worsted  is  also  one  of  the 
great  staples  of  Amiens.     Pop.  in  1891,  83,654. 

Amiens,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Strathroy.     Pop.  130. 

Amieville,  a'me-vil,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg  <k  Connellsville  Railroad  and  the 
Youghiogheny  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Amikirrima,  &^me-kger-ree'm&,  or  Kerama,  k&- 
ri'mi  (Chinese,  Koomi-Shan  or  Koumt-Chan,  koo^me-sh&n' ; 
Jap.  Koumiyama,  koo^me-yi'mi),  a  group  of  small  fertila 
and  populous  islets,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Great  Loo-Choc 
Island. 


AMI 


488 


Aminagarh)  S,^min-a-gar',  or  Amingarh,  i^min- 
gar',  a  town  of  India,  Bombay  presidency,  in  Belgaum.  Lat. 
16°  2'  N.;  Ion.  76°  E.     Pop.  6000. 

Amirante  (am^e-ranf)  Islands  (Port.  Hhaa  do  Almi- 
rante,  eel'yis  do  il-me-rin'ti,  i.e.,  "Admiral's  Islands"),  an 
archipelago  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  S.W.  of  the  Seychelles. 
Lat.  of  the  southernmost  island,  6°  53'  16"  S. ;  Ion.  53°  8' 
24"  E.  They  consist  of  two  groups  of  small  islands,  united 
by  banks  of  sand  and  coral,  and  are  claimed  by  Great  Britain. 

A'mish,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Iowa  City,  in  Washington  township.  It  has  a  church. 

Amisia,  and  Amisins,  ancient  names  of  Ems. 

Amissville,  a'mis-vil,  a  post-village  of  Rappahannock 
CO.,  Va.,  12  miles  W.  of  Warrenton,  and  about  100  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  Eichmond.     It  has  3  churches. 

AmisuS)  an  ancient  name  of  Samsoon. 

Amite )  am-eet',  a  river  which  rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Mississippi  and  passes  into  Louisiana.  Its  general  direc- 
tion is  southward,  but  after  forming  the  boundary  between 
East  Baton  Rouge  and  Livingston  parishes  it  runs  eastward 
until  it  enters  Lake  Maurepas.  Length,  about  100  miles. 
It  is  navigable  for  small  steamboats  for  50  miles. 

Amite,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  border- 
ing on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Amite  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Homochitto.  The  surface  is  uneven ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
productions.  Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,973; 
in  1880,  14,004;  in  1890,  18,198. 

Amite  City,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Tangipahoa 

Sarisb,  La.,  on  the  Tangipahoa  River,  68  miles  by  rail 
r.N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  oflSces, 
7  churches,  a  female  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  cotton- 
gins  and  sugar-evaporators.     Pop.  (1890)  1510. 

Amiternum,  &-me-teR'num,  an  ancient  town  in  Italy, 
3  miles  N.E.  of  Aquila. 

Am'ity,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Fourche 
Caddo,  30  miles  from  Arkadelphia,  and  about  75  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.     Pop.  790. 

Amity,  a  post- village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Jeffersonville, 
Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  E.  from 
Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1225.  It 
contains  College  Springs. 

Amity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  about  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  10  houses. 

Amity,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  16  milea 
S.  of  Houlton,     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  311. 

Amity,  a  village  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railway,  5  miles  W.  of  Maysville, 
and  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  includes 
Belmont,  one  of  the  county  seats.     Pop.  2021, 

Amity,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Warwick 
township^  near  Pine  Island  Station,  and  30  miles  S.W,  of 
Newburg.  Tourmaline,  epidote,  corundum,  spinel,  and  other 
minerals  are  found  here.     It  has  a  church  and  2  creameries. 

Amity,  a  village  in  Pike  township,  Knox  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  from  Howard  Station.    Here  are  3  churches. 

,Amity,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan  town- 
ship, on  Darby  Creek,  3  miles  from  Plain  City  Station,  and 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
West  Canaan  Post-Office.    Pop.  106. 

Amity,  a  post- village  of  Yam  Hill  co,,  Oregon,  about  40 
miles  S,W.  of  Portland,   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  about  300. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1646,  It  con- 
tains Douglassville  and  Amityville. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa,  Pop.  924.  The  post- 
office,  Hatch  Hollow,  is  in  this  township. 

Amity,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in  Amwell 
township,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches. 

Amity  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  6  miles 
from  Troutman's  Railroad  Station, 

Am'ityyille,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 

Amityville,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N,Y,,  in  Baby- 
Ion  township,  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  31  miles  E,  of 
Brooklyn,  audi  mile  from  the  S,  shore  of  Long  Island.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  brushes.    P.  (1890)  2293. 

Amityriile,  a  hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Amity 
township,  3  miles  from  Douglassville. 

Amjerah,  Amdjherra,  or  Amjherra,  im'j§r-ah\ 
a  Rajpoot  state  of  Malwah,  Central  India,  about  lat.  22° 
lV-22°  47'  N.,  and  Ion.  74°  40'-75°  15'  E.  Area,  584 
square  miles.  Opium  is  the  staple  product.  It  is  under 
British  pioteotion.    Capital,  Amjerah.     Pop,  67,232. 


tyh^U'U^ 


AMO 


Amjerah,  4  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  30  mile« 
N.  of  Nerbuddt^.     Lat.  22°  32'  N.;  Ion.  76°  E.     Pop.  2500. 

Amiia,  &m1le-a,  sometimes  written  Am'la  or  Amlai, 
one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Andreanov  group.  Lat.  of  E. 
point,  62°  6'  N  ;  Ion.  172°  60'  W, 

AmlAVch,am'look,  a  seaport  town,  borough,  and  parish 
of  Wales,  CO.  on  Anglesey,  on  its  N,  coast,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Beaumaris,  Pop.  of  borough,  2968.  Near  here  are 
the  Parys  and  Mona  copper-mines.  Amlwch  returns,  with 
Beaumaris,  Ac,  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ammalapoor,  British  India.    See  Akallapooram. 

Am'man,  or  Am'mon  (anc.  Rah'bah,  the  capital  of 
the  Ammonites,)  rebuilt  and  called  Philadelphi'a  by  the 
Greeks),  a  ruine(^  city  of  Syria,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Jordan, 
55  miles  E.N.E.lof  Jerusalem.  It  has  numerous  remains 
of  Greek  edificesl 

Am'mendale»  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co,,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.J^.  of  Washington. 

Ammer,  im'njer,  a  river  of  Germany,  Wiirtemberg,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nfeckar,  which  it  joins  near  Tiibingen. 

Ammer,  or  Amper,  im'p^r,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises 
in  the  Tyrol,  and  joins  the  Isar  2  miles  N.  of  Moosburg. 

Ammer,  a  lak^  of  Bavaria,  traversed  by  the  Ammer 
River,  is  10  miles  ling  from  N.  to  S.,  by  4  miles  wide. 

Ammergau,  ^in'm^r-gSw^  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter, 
oSn'ter,  two  adjacent,  villages  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Ammer, 
9  miles  from  its  sourcfew  _§eejOBKR  Ammerqap._ 

Ammerstol,  im^m^fs-torj  a  village  or  ine  Uetherlands, 

14  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  Leek.     Pop.  789, 
Ammersweier,  im'm?rs-^i*§r,  Ammerschwihr, 

S,m*mfiR'8hveeR\  or  Marivillier,  mi^reVee^yi',  a  town 
of  Alsace,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1862. 

Ammi-Moussa,  &m'tae-moos's&,  a  village  of  Algeria, 

15  miles  S.E.  of  the  Inkerman  Railway  Station,  and  65  miles 
E.  of  Mostaganem.     Pop.  1750. 

Am'mitok%  an  island  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Labrador, 
between  70  and  80  miles  S.E.  of  the  entrance  into  Hudson's 
Strait.     Lat.  69°  28'  N, ;  Ion.  63°  0'  W. 

Ammon,  im'mon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wallenstadt.     Pop.  1371. 

Ammon,  a  ruined  town  of  Syria.     See  Ahuan. 

Am'mon,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Ammon,  or  Ammonium.    See  El-Seewah. 

Ammonoosuc,  three  rivers  of  New  Hampshire.  See 
Upper,  Lower,  and  Wild  Ammonoosuc. 

Ammonoo'suc  Station,  in  the  White  Mountain 
region  of  New  Hampshire,  is  the  lower  or  basal  station  of 
the  Mount  Washington  Railroad,  and  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad.  Its 
elevation  is  2268  feet  above  sea-level,  and  from  this  point 
the  railroad  ascends  3626  feet  in  3  miles, 

Amo,  a'mo  or  i'mo,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co,, 
Ind.,  in  Clay  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  ha» 
2  churches,  2  Friends'  meeting-houses,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  flour.     Pop.  about  260. 

Amo,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co,,  Minn.,  8  miles 
from  Windom.     Pop.  90. 

Amoas,  i'mo-is\  or  Amwas,im'wis'  (smc.  Em'matu 
and  Nicop'olie),  a  village  of  Palestine,  10  miles  N.W,  o^ 
Jerusalem,  . 

Amod,  a  town  of  India.     See  Ahmood. 

Amol,  i^mol',  a  city  of  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the 
Heraz,  12  miles  above  its  entrance  into  the  Caspian,  and  20 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Balfurosh.  Pop.  in  winter,  when  it  is 
greatest,  from  35,000  to  40,000, 

Amoneburg,  4-mb'neh-b6oRG\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Hesse,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  999, 

Amoo,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Amoo-Darya. 

Amoochta,  an  Aleutian  island.     See  Amookhta, 

Amoo-Darya,  Amou-Daria,  Amu-Daija,  i'- 
moo'  dar'yi  (Persian,  Jehoon,  Jihoon,  or  Jyhun,  jee^hoon', 
sometimes  written  Gihon;  anc,  Oxua,  remotely  allied  to 
Waksoo,  a  native  name  for  this  stream),  a  great  river  of 
Central  Asia,  in  Toorkistan,  rises  on  the  lofty  Pameer  pla- 
teau, near  the  point  where  the  Himalaya,  the  Bolor-Tagh, 
and  the  Kuenlun  Mountains  radiate.  The  Sir-i-Kol  is  re- 
garded as  its  source.  It  is  a  broad  and  rapid  stream,  but  is 
navigable  for  a  great  part  of  its  course,  and  has  singularly 
few  obstructions,  save  from  ice  in  winter.  Steamers  are 
employed  upon  its  lower  portions.  The  river  flows  in  a 
sandy  region,  and  sometimes  shifts  into  new  channels.  Its 
waters  are  largely  utilized  for  irrigation.  It  enters  the  Sea 
of  Aral  by  several  mouths,  but  it  is  believed  by  many  geog- 
raphers that  it  was  formerly  tributary  to  the  Caspian,  All 
the  ancient  geographers,  indeed,  describe  it  as  flowing  into 


1 


AMO 


489 


AMR 


the  last-named  sea ;  and  Arabian  authors  assign  to  it  such  a 
course  as  late  as  the  tenth  century.     Length,  1300  miles. 

Amoo-Darya,  or  Amoo-Daria,  a  government  or 
province  of  Russia,  in  Central  Asia  (Toorkistan),  bounded 
S. W.  by  the  Amoo-Darya  River.  Area,  39,974  square  miles. 
Pop.  109,586.  In  1873  this  region  was  ceded  to  Russia  by 
the  Khan  of  Khiva. 

Amookhta,  Amuchta,  or  Amoughta,  &-mooK't&, 
one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Fox  group,  with  volcanic  peaks. 
Lat.  of  the  centre,  62°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  45'  W. 

Amoor)  Amour,  or  Amur,  i^moor'  (Chinese,  Kh€- 
loonUian,'  Manchoo,  Sakhalin- Oola ;  Mongol,  Kara-moo- 
ran/  the  "  black  river"),  a  river  of  Eastern  Asia,  formed  in 
lat.  53«'  20'  N.,  Ion.  121°  50'  E.,  by  the  union  of  the  Argoon 
and  the  Shilka.  Length  below  the  confluence,  1500  miles. 
It  reaches  the  gulf  or  channel  of  Saghalin  in  lat.  52°  27'  N., 
Ion.  140°  E.  It  is  navigable,  except  in  winter,  for  its  entire 
length  by  steamers.  Its  principal  tributaries  are  the  Zeia, 
the  Booreia,  the  Soongaree,  and  the  Oosooree. 

Amoor,  a  province  of  Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Siberia  proper,  E.  by  a  line  drawn  N.  from  the  confluence 
of  the  Amoor  and  the  Oosooree,  S.  and  W.  mainly  by  Chinese 
Manchooria,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  Amoor. 
Area,  173,652  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  with  fertile 
valleys,  and  produces  excellent  timber  and  furs.  Capital, 
Blagovechensk.  Pop.  44,400.  It  has  been  largely  colonized 
by  Cossacks  and  Siberians. 

Amoor,  Territory  of,  a  name  applied  to  Russian 
Manchooria,  or  the  region  of  Southeastern  Siberia  acquired 
from  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  by  the  Russians  since  1858. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Siberia  proper,  on  the  E.  by  the  Seas 
of  Okhotsk  and  Japan,  the  coast  being  Russian  as  far  S.  as 
the  river  Toomen,  which  divides  it  from  Corea  (the  island  of 
Saghalin  being  now  included) ;  on  the  W.  by  Chinese  Man- 
chooria, the  rivers  Oosooree,  Argoon,  Soongaree,  and  Amoor 
forming  (for  the  most  part)  the  boundary;  and  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  government  of  Transbaikalia.  Its  area, 
905,462  square  miles,  is  over  four  times  that  of  France.  It 
is  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Amoor  and  Primorsk. 

Amoorang,  or  Amonrang,  &-moo-r&ng',  a  bay  and 
village  of  the  island  of  Celebes.  The  bay  is  on  the  N.W. 
coast,  in  lat.  1°  11'  S.,  Ion.  124°  36'  E.  It  is  about  14 
miles  long  inland,  and  6  miles  broad.  The  village  lies  at 
the  head  of  the  bay,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Menado. 

Amorbach,  i'mor-b^K^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Mudau  and  the  Bilbach,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  2380. 

Am'oret,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  70  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  church  organizations,  2 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Amorgo-Poulo,  &-mor'go  poo'lo,  a  small  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  S.  of  Amorgos,  about  lat.  36°  36'  N., 
Ion.  25°  40'  E. 

Amor'gos,  or  Amorgo,  &-moR'go,  an  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  one  of  the  Sporades,  but  included  in 
the  nome  of  the  Cyclades,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Naxos.  Lat. 
of  capital,  36°  62'  N.,  Ion.  26°  66'  E.  Pop.  2198.  Chief 
town,  Amorgos. 

A'mory,  a  post-town  of  Monroe  oo..  Miss.,  83  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1200. 

A'mos,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.Va.,  about  10 
miles  from  Fairmont.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Amoskeag,  am^ds-keg',  a  post- village  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.U.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  16^  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Concord,  and  H  miles  from  the  city  of  Manchester,  of  which 
it  forms  a  part.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  a  paper-mill.  The 
Amoskeag  Falls  afford  extensive  water-power. 

AmoQ,  &^moo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Landes, 
on  the  Luy,  13  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sever.    Pop.  1821. 

Amon,  or  Amou-Daria,  river.    See  Akoo-Darya. 

Amour,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Amoor. 

Amourang,  a  village  of  Celebes.    See  Amoorang. 

Amour  Point,  a  headland  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Forteau 
Bay,  Labrador.  Lat.  51°  27'  35"  N. ;  Ion.  56°  50'  63"  W. 
On  it  ia  a  light-house. 

Amoy,  &-moi',  or  £moui,  a  seaport  town  of  China,  on 
an  island  of  the  same  name,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  lat.  24° 
10'  3"  N.,  Ion.  118°  13'  5"  B.,  nearly  opposite  the  centre 
of  the  island  of  Formosa.  The  name  is  a  corruption  of  the 
Chinese  word  ffeamun.  It  is  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  the 
island,  at  the  mouth  of  two  united  rivers,  one  of  which 
eommunicates  with  the  city  of  Chang-choo-foo,  of  which 
imoy,  though  itself  a  large  and  populous  city,  is  considered 
merely  the  port.  Amoy  is  built  on  a  declivity,  sloping  to 
the  harbor,  and,  including  its  suburbs,  is  about  9  miles  in 
32 


circumference.  The  streets  are  narrow  and  dirty,  but  many 
of  the  buildings  are  of  an  extraordinary  size.  The  native 
imports  are  rattans,  tea,  rice,  sugar,  and  camphor  from  For- 
mosa and  Fou-Choo,  alum  and  cotton  from  Shanghai,  and 
grain,  pulse,  oil-cake,  iron,  and  a  coarse  cotton  goods  from 
the  northern  ports.  The  foreign  imports  are  Bengal  and 
Bombay  cotton,  cotton  goods,  cotton  yam,  iron,  lead,  steel, 
betel-nut,  opium,  indigo,  pepper,  rattans,  rice,  grain,  bdche- 
de-mer,  sharks'  fins,  and  buffalo  and  deers'  horns.  The 
native  exports  are  tea,  camphor,  sugar,  sugar-candy,  earth- 
enware, paper  umbrellas,  paper,  joss-paper,  joss-stick,  <tc. 
The  merchants  of  Amoy  are  distinguished  for  their  enter- 
prise, and  are  considered  among  the  wealthiest  in  the  em- 
pire. Amoy  was  captured  by  the  British  on  August  26, 
1841,  and  by  the  treaty  of  Nanking,  dated  August  29, 1842, 
that  port,  with  others,  was  opened  to  their  trade.  A  sup- 
plementary treaty,  dated  October  8, 1843,  established  a  tariff 
and  admitted  other  foreigners  to  the  same  privileges  as 
British  subjects.  The  population — mostly  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade  —  amounts  to  about  300,000;  pop.  of  the 
island,  400,000. 

Ampdnam,  &m-p&'n&m,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  W.  coast  of  Lombok.  Lat.  8°  32'  S. ;  Ion. 
116°  9'  E.    It  has  a  poor  roadstead,  but  considerable  trade. 

Ampata,  &m'p&-t&,  Amp'ta,  or  Omp'ta,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  on  the  Dammoodah,  22  miles  W.  of  Calcutta. 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  to  it,  and  boats  bring  down  coal 
from  Bancoorah  and  Burdwan.     Pop.  3460. 

Ampaza,  &m-fk'zk,  a  seaport  town  of  East  Africa,  Zan- 
guebar,  on  the  island  of  Patta,  in  lat.  2°  S.,  Ion.  40°  50'  E. 

Ampelakia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ambelakia. 

Amper,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Amher. 

Am'persand  Mountain,  N.Y.,  a  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks,  is  in  Franklin  co.,  between  Mt.  Seward  and  the  Lower 
Saranac  Lake.  Altitude,  3432  feet.  Its  summit  commands 
a  beautiful  view  of  the  Saranac  lake  region.  At  its  S. 
base  is  a  small  lake  called  Ampersand  Pond,  of  which  the 
elevation  is  2078  feet. 

Ampezzo,  im-pdt'so,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  26 
miles  S.E.  of  Brixen.     Pop.  2979. 

Ampezzo,  &m-pit'so,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  11 
miles  W.  of  Tolmezzo.     Pop.  1896. 

Ampfing,  &mp'fing,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Miihldorf.  Here  Moreau  commenced  his  famous 
retreat  in  1800.     Pop.  888. 

Amphila,  or  Amfila,  &m-fee'l&,  a  bay  and  port  of  the 
Danakil  country,  on  the  Red  Sea.  Lat.  14°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  40° 
22'  E.  Off  the  port  lie  the  Amphila  Islands,  13  in  number, 
small,  fiat,  sandy,  and  uninhabited. 

Amphinome  (am-fin'o-me)  Shoals,  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Australia ;  lat.  19°  41'  S.,  Ion.  119°  24'  E. 

Amphissa,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Salona. 

Amphitrite  (am-fe-tri'tee)  Islands,  a  part  of  the 
group  of  the  Paracels,  in  the  China  Sea,  lying  to  the  S.E. 
of  Hainan,  near  16°  N.  lat.  and  112°  E.  Ion.  They  are  in 
two  groups,  having  a  deep  channel  between  them. 

Am^pmg',  a  treaty-port  of  Formosa,  on  its  W.  coast,  is 
small,  and  important  only  as  the  port  for  Tai-Wan,  the 
capital,  which  is  4  miles  distant.  Amping  is  partly  built  of 
the  bricks  of  an  old  Dutch  fort.  It  has  a  custom-house,  fort, 
barracks,  and  large  salterns.  Its  harbor  is  very  shallow, 
and  most  of  the  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of  catamarans 
and  boats,  the  ships  anchoring  at  some  distance.  Chief 
exports,  sugar  and  rattans. 

Amplepuis,  ftu^pl^h-pwee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhfine, 
19  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Villefranohe.     Pop.  6444. 

Ampolla,  &m-pory&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Ampolla,  16  miles  E.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  1800. 

Amposta,  am-pos't&,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro,  18 
miles  from  its  moutn,  and  8  miles  below  Tortosa.  It  is  near 
the  Valencia-Barcelona  Railway,  and  a  canal  6  miles  long 
connects  it  with  San  Carlos  de  la  Rapita.     Pop.  2816. 

Ampt'hill,  a  market-town  of  England,  on  a  railway, 
CO.  and  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bedford.     Pop.  2220. 

Ampndia,  &m-poo'De-&,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.W. 
of  Palencia.     Pop.  1072. 

Ampuis,  &M^pwee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rhdne,  on  the  Rhone,  3  miles  from  Condrieu.     Pop.  1861. 

Ampurdan,  4m-pooR-d4n',  a  district  of  Spain,  province 
of  Catalonia,  between  the  river  Ter  and  the  town  of  Rosas. 
It  is  the  most  fertile  district  in  the  province. 

Ampurias,  &m-poo're-&s,  a  poor  hamlet  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  on  the  site  of  a  flourishing  city  (the  anc.  Emporue), 
with  a  small  harbor  on  the  Gulf  of  Rosas.  It  is  adjacent 
to,  and  now  a  small  suburb  of,  the  town  of  La  Esoala. 

Am  ran,  &m'r&n',  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  25 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sana.     Pop.  2000. 


AMR 


490 


AMS 


Amran,  im^ran',  a  town  and  fort  of  Hindostan,  in  the 
auicowar's  dominions,  Guzerat,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Jooria. 

Amran  (im^rin')  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Afghanistan,  the  highest  summits  of  which  attain 
an  elevation  of  9000  feet. 

Amrawutti,  im-ra-wut'tee,  or  Amaravati,  im-a- 
ra-vi'tee,  written  also  Amraoti,  a  city  of  India,  capital 
of  the  district  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Bomhay-Nagpoor 
Railway,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Ellichpoor.  It  is  a  large  cotton- 
mart.     Pop.  23,410. 

Amrawutti,  or  Amaravati,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Guntoor,  with 
some  Hindoo  antiquities,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kistnah. 

Amrawutti,  or  Amraoti,  a  district  of  East  Berar, 
British  India.  Lat.  20°  23'-21°  7'  N.  ,•  Ion.  77°  24'-78°  13''  E. 
Area,  2566  square  miles.   Capital,  Amrawutti.   Pop.  407,276. 

Am'reeS  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Indus,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sehwan.     It  was  formerly  large. 

Amreeli,  Amrili,  im-ree'le,  Umreyllee,  or  Um- 
reyle,  fim-ree'le,  a  walled  town  of  the  Guicowar's  domin- 
ions, India,  on  the  Kattywar  peninsula,  130  miles  S.W.  of 
Ahmedabad.     Estimated  pop.  8000;  with  suburbs,  32,000. 

Amritsir,  am-rit'sir,  Amrit'sur,  or  Amrit'sar, 
written  also  tJmritsir  j  iim-rit'slr,  a  city  of  the  Punjab,  in 
the  Baree  Doab,  40  miles  E.  of  Lahore,  and  330  miles  by 
railway  N.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  31°  40'  N.;  Ion.  74°  56'  E. 
It  is  of  a  compact,  circular  form,  about  9  miles  in  circum- 
ference. The  shops  and  bazaars  exhibit,  in  great  abundance, 
the  richest  products  of  India.  An  ample  supply  of  excel- 
lent water  is  obtained  from  650  wells.  Amritsir  has  been 
long  celebrated  as  a  holy  place,  possessing  a  sacred  temple 
situated  on  an  island  in  the  centre  of  a  reservoir  or  tank 
about  150  paces  square,  constructed  in  1581  by  Ram  Das^ 
the  fourtii  spiritual  leader  of  the  Sikhs,  who  gave  to  the 
work  the  name  of  "  Amrita  Saras,"  or  "  fount  of  immortal- 
ity." But  the  most  remarkable  object  in  the  town  is  the 
large  fortress  built  by  Runjeet  Singh,  surrounded  by  a  deep 
ditch  of  about  2  miles'  circuit.  A  canal  was  constructed  by 
the  same  chief  from  Amritsir  to  the  Ravee,  a  distance  of 
about  30  miles.  The  staple  manufactures  are  shawls,  silks, 
and  woollen  and  cotton  cloths.  Amritsir  has  also  an  ex- 
tensive transit  trade  with  various  parts  of  India,  and  is  an 
emporium  for  many  of  their  productions,  including  large 
quantities  of  rock  salt.     Pop.  in  1891,  136,766. 

Amritsir,  or  Amritsar,  a  division  of  the  Punjab, 
British  India,  lying  between  the  Chenaub  and  the  Beas,  and 
bounded  N.  by  Cashmere.  It  contains  the  districts  of  Am- 
ritsir, Sealkote,  and  Goordaspoor.  Area,  5333  square  miles. 
Pop.  2,744,870.  Area  of  the  Amritsir  district,  1556  square 
miles.     Capital,  Amritsir.     Pop.  832,750. 

Amrooah,  im-roo'8.,  or  Umrohah,  Qm-ro'i,  a  town 
of  Rohilcund,  British  India  (North-West  Provinces),  district 
and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moradabad.  Lat.  28°  54'  N.;  Ion. 
78°  33'  E.     Pop.  32,314. 

Am'rom,  Am'ron,  or  Ammm,  &m'r55m,  a  crescent- 
shaped  island  of  Prussia  (Sleswick),  in  the  German  Ocean, 
about  17  miles  from  the  mainland.     Pop.  571. 

Amsanctus  Lacus.    See  Lago  di  Ahsakcto. 

Amschelberg,  am'sh^l-bfiRO^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Prague.  It  has  active  and  varied  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  3718. 

Ams'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Pair  Plain  township,  3  miles  from  Fenwick  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  manufactures 
of  flour,  lumber,  &c.     Pop.  about  100. 

Amsden,  a  post-oflBce  and  station  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Tiffin,  and  15  miles  from  Fremont. 

Amsden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Yt.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Cavendish. 

Amstel,  im'stel,  a  small  river  of  the  Netherlands,  North 
Holland,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Drecht  and  the  My- 
drecht,  traverses  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  and  enters  its  harbor 
after  a  northward  course  of  about  10  miles. 

Amstelveen,  im^stel-vain'  ("turf  or  turf-lands  of  the 
Amstel"),  a  village  of  North  Holland,  near  the  Amstel,  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Amsterdam.    Pop.  5050. 

Am'sterdam  (Dutch  pron.  im^st§r-dim'),  formerly 
Amstelredamme,  or  Amsteldamme  (the  "dike  or 
dam  of  the  Amstel;"  L.  Amsteloda'mum),  an  important 
commercial  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  the  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands,  at  the  former  confluence  of  the  Amstel  with  the 
Y,  a  lake-like  river,  now  mostly  drained;  but  a  small  part 
remains  and  serves  as  a  port  for  the  city.  It  has  a  new  arti- 
ficial harbor  on  the  North  Sea,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  great  North  Sea  ship  canal,  15  miles  long ;  smaller  vessels 
reach  Amsterdam  by  the  canal  from  the  Helder,  or  may  pass 


the  locks  in  the  great  dam  of  the  Y,  entering  from  the  Zuyder 
Zee.  It  is  the  terminus  of  important  railways  and  canals. 
Lat.  52°  22'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  53'  2"  E.  It  is  the  largest  and 
most  important  town  in  Holland,  constitutionally  its  capital, 
but  the  residence  of  the  sovereign  is  at  the  Hague.  Amster- 
dam stands  on  soft,  wet  ground,  under  which,  at  the  depth 
of  50  feet,  is  a  bed  of  sand.  Into  this  sand  piles  are  driven, 
on  which  buildings  are  reared.  The  city  is  surrounded  by 
grassy  meadows,  and  on  the  W.  are  many  saw-mills.  Of  the 
principal  streets,  for  length,  breadth,  and  elegance,  many 
vie  with  those  of  any  capital  in  Europe.  In  the  centre  of 
most  of  the  streets  is  a  canal,  either  side  of  which  is  lined 
with  broad,  brick-paved  quays,  with  rows  of  trees.  The 
houses  are  mostly  of  brick,  almost  all  approached  by  flights 
of  steps;  many  are  six  and  seven  stories  high,  pointed  at 
the  top,  with  the  gable  towards  the  street,  and  decorated 
above  with  a  forked  chimney-stack.  The  city  is  cut  up  into 
islands  by  the  canals,  over  which  there  are  many  bridges, 
generally  with  a  draw  in  the  centre.  The  vessels  to  be  seen 
in  all  parts  of  the  city,  loading  and  unloading,  and  passing 
along  the  canals ;  the  lifting  and  lowering  of  drawbridges ; 
the  transit  of  merchandise  on  sledges,  and  the  general  stir 
of  business,  give  the  streets  of  Amsterdam  a  lively  appear- 
ance. The  town  is  supplied  with  water  mainly  from  the 
sand-dunes  near  Haarlem. 

Among  the  most  remarkable  buildings  is  the  palace,  for- 
merly the  town  hall.  It  is  a  stone  edifice,  in  the  form  of  a 
parallelogram,  262  feet  long,  206  feet  broad,  and  108  feet 
high,  resting  on  13,669  piles  driven  70  feet  into  the  ground. 
It  contains  a  great  hall.  111  feet  long,  52  feet  wide,  and  90 
feet  high,  lined  with  white  Italian  marble.  The  justiciary 
hall,  next  to  the  palace,  is  the  finest  building  in  the  city- 
The  new  Stadthui»,  the  Bourse,  the  royal  museum,  and  the 
numerous  docks  and  basins  are  noteworthy  structures.  The 
New  Church  {Nieuwe  Kerk),  founded  in  1408,  is  350  feet 
long,  by  210  feet  wide  across  the  transepts ;  the  upper  part 
rests  on  52  stone  pillars,  and  is  lighted  by  75  large  windows, 
some  of  which  are  finely  painted.  It  contains  the  tombs  of 
Admiral  de  Ruyter,  of  the  poet  Vondel,  and  of  various  other 
notables.  The  Old  Church  {Oude  Kerk),  founded  in  the 
fourteenth  century,  contains  the  tombs  of  several  Dutch  ad- 
mirals, and  an  organ  said  to  be  second  only  to  that  of  Haar- 
lem. Amsterdam  is  remarkable  for  the  number  and  excellence 
of  its  benevolent  and  charitable  institutions. 

It  possesses  many  excellent  educational  institutions,  both 
of  a  general  and  a  special  kind.  Like  the  benevolent 
institutions,  some  of  them  are  for  particular  religious  de- 
nominations. Among  them  may  be  named  the  Athenstum 
Rlustre,  with  library,  botanic  garden,  school  of  anatomy, 
and  chairs  of  art,  law,  medicine,  and  theology,  the  city 
Latin  school,  the  naval  school,  the  seminaries  for  educating 
preachers,  and  the  medical  and  clinical  school.  Of  institu- 
tions of  literature,  science,  and  art,  there  are  the  royal 
acEidemy  of  fine  arts,  founded  in  1820 ;  the  music  school, 
founded  in  1784 ;  the  royal  Dutch  institution  for  science, 
literature,  and  fine  arts ;  the  society  of  literature  and  fine 
arts  called  Arti  et  Amicitim  ;  and  that  called  Felix  Meritis. 
The  museum  of  pictures,  founded  in  1798,  contains  fine  works 
of  Dutch  masters,  and  one  of  the  most  remarkable  collections 
of  prints  in  Europe.  The  excellent  Six  collection  of  pictures 
(a  private  gallery)  is  worthy  of  mention ;  also  the  museum 
Hoop,  the  museum  Fodor,  and  other  fine-art  collections. 

The  principal  manufactures  include  linen,  silk,  velvets, 
thread,  porcelain,  print-goods,  chemicals,  tobacco,  soap,  oil, 
canvas,  cordage,  the  refining  of  salt,  sugar,  and  other  sub- 
stances, glass-blowing,  brewing,  and  distilling,  steam-engines 
and  machinery,  iron  steamers,  and  ship-building.  Its  lapi- 
dary work  is  especially  famous.  Amsterdam  ranks  much 
higher  as  a  trading  than  as  a  manufacturing  town.  Its  com- 
merce is  immense ;  and  its  exchange  is  one  of  the  chief  com- 
mercial centres  of  the  world.  It  is  a  great  emporium  for 
butter,  cheese,  provisions,  spices,  gin,  fish,  and  manufactured 
goods  of  every  class. 

The  government  is  vested  in  a  mayor  and  council  of  3^ 
members,  and  12  burgomasters.  The  members  of  the  coun- 
cil are  elected  by  those  citizens  who  have  a  certain  property 
qualification.  The  mayor  is  appointed  by  the  king.  The 
police  system  is  admirable. 

Early  in  the  thirteenth  century  Amsterdam  was  a  mere 
fishing-village,  with  a  small  castle,  the  residence  of  the 
lords  of  Amstel.  Towards  the  middle  of  that  century  it 
was  constituted  a  town.  The  siege  and  consequent  decline 
of  Antwerp  in  1585,  and  the  shutting  of  the  navigation  of 
the  Scheldt  in  1648,  were  the  means  of  raising  Amsterdam 
to  the  rank,  which  it  long  retained,  of  the  fir  jt  commercial 
city  in  Europe.  Among  the  famous  men  to  whom  Amster- 
I  dam  has  given  birth  may  be  named  Spinosa,  the  naturalis* 


AMS 


491 


ANA 


Swammerdam,  the  painters  Adrian  and  William  Vander- 
velde  and  John  and  Michael  Van  Huysum,  and  Admiral 
de  Ruyter.     Pop.  in  1883,  350,201;  in  1890,  417,639. 

Am'sterdam,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
200.     It  contains  Upper  Grove. 

Amsterdam f  a  hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  3  miles  from  Pella  railroad  station.  It  haa 
manafactures  of  brick. 

Amsterdam^  a  city  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  and  the 
West  Shore  Railroads,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 12  churches,  5  banks,  2  academies,  3  newspaper  ofiBces, 
and  manufactures  of  carpets,  boilers,  furniture,  knit  goods, 
springs,  and  various  other  articles.  Pop.  in  1880,  9466 ;  in 
1890,  17,336. 

Amsterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  about 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  89. 

Amsterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  55 
miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  90. 

Amsterdam,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.   See  Tongataboo. 

Amsterdam  Island,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  about  60 
miles  N.  of  the  island  of  St.  Paul.  Lat.  38°  53'  S. ;  Ion.  77° 
37'  E.  It  is  4J  miles  in  length,  2^  miles  in  breadth,  2760 
feet  in  elevation,  and  evidently  the  crater  of  an  extinct 
volcano,  having  numerous  hot  springs. 

Amsterdam,  New.     See  Njsw  Amsterdam. 

Amstetten,  im'stStH^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  near  the 
Ips,  28  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Lintz.  The  French  here 
defeated  the  Austrians  and  Russians,  Nov.  5, 1805.  Pop.  1220. 

Amt,  a  word,  found  in  the  German  and  Scandinavian 
languages,  sometimes  designating,  in  a  general  sense,  any 
public  office  or  jurisdiction,  but  used  also  in  some  countries, 
as  Denmark  and  Norway,  as  the  name  of  a  specific  admin- 
istrative division.  Thus,  Denmark  is  divided  into  18  amter. 
In  a  similar  way  Norway  is  divided  into  amts,  which  in  all 
are  20  in  number. 

Amtchitka,  or  Amtschitka.     See  Amchitka. 

Amt-Gehren,  a  village  of  Germany.     See  Gehbbn. 

Amtzell,  S.mt'sfill,  a  village  and  castle  of  Wurtemberg, 
circle  of  Danube,  4^  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wangen.     Pop.  1391. 

Amu,  a  river  of  Toorkistan.     See  Amoo-Dabya. 

Amucu,  a  lake  of  South  America.     See  Amicu. 

Amn-Daria,  or  Amu-Daija.     See  Ahoo-Darta. 

Amulgawein,  i-mQl-ga-win',  a  town  of  Arabia,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Persian  Gulf;  lat.  25°  36'  N.,  Ion.  66°  42'  E. 

Amur,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Amoob. 

Amnra  Bhauriari,  3,-moo-r&'  b'haw-ree-2,-ree',  a  vil- 
lage of  Bengal,  in  Chumparun.     Pop.  7031. 

Amurang,  a  village  of  Celebes.    See  Amooranq. 

Amusco,  4-moos'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  11  miles  N.  of 
Valencia.     Pop.  1832. 

Am  was,  a  village  of  Palestine.     See  Amoas. 

Am'well,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1879.     It  contains  the  villages  of  Lone  Pine  and  Amity. 

A'my  (railroad  station,  Auburn),  a  post-village  of  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  3  miles  by  rail  from  Pontiao.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  mills.     Pop.  250. 

Amy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co..  Miss.,  near  Ellisville 
Depot. 

Amyoon,  or  Amyan,  4m-yoon',  a  town  of  Syria,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Ana,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Anna. 

Anaa,  k'^jik',  a  group  of  small  coral  islands,  in  the  Low 
Archipelago,  Pacific  Ocean.  Of  these.  Chain  Island  (which 
see)  is  the  most  important.  The  people  have  been  Chris- 
tianized, and  are  under  French  protection. 

Anabara,  i-ni^bi-rSi',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  about 
lat.  66°  30'  N.,  Ion.  107°  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Arctic  Ocean 
in  lat.  72°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112°  30'  E.  The  Anabara  is  joined 
at  its  embouchure  by  the  Olen  or  Olia,  which  runs  nearly 
parallel  with  it  for  between  200  and  300  miles.  The  entire 
^urse  of  the  former  is  about  400  miles. 

Anabon,  an  African  island.     See  Annobon. 

Anacapa  (d,-n3,-kd,'p&)  Island,  the  easternmost  of  the 
Santa  Barbara  group,  lat.  34°  N.,  Ion.  119°  23'  W.,  off  the 
coast  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal. 

Anacapri,  i-n4-ki'pree,  a  town  of  Italy,  island  of 
Capri,  at  its  N.W.  extremity,  on  Mount  Solaro.    Pop.  1676. 

Anachuana,  &-ni-choo-&'n&,  a  village  and  bay,  N.  coast 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama;  lat.  6°  41'  N.,  Ion.  77°  38'  W. 

Anacon'da,  a  city  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Butte  City.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  extensive  copper- 
smelting  works,  and  a  fine  high  school.     Pop.  (1890)  3975. 

Anacor'tes,  a  post-town  of  Skagit  oo..  Wash.,  on  tidal 
water,  90  miles  by  rail  N.  from  Seattle.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  ba»ks,  public  schools,  an  iron-foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  1200. 


Anacos'tia,  a  post-office  of  Washington,  D.C.,  is  at 
Uniontown,  about  1^  miles  S.E.  of  the  Capitol.  See 
Uniontown. 

Anadar'ko,  an  Indian  agency  of  the  Kiowa  and  Co- 
manche nations  in  Oklahoma,  on  the  Washita  River,  about 
10  miles  from  the  boundary  of  Indian  Territory.  Here  are 
missions  of  various  churches,  and  several  Indian  schools. 

Anadeer,  Anadir,  or  Anadyr,  i-n&'dggr,  a  river 
of  Northeast  Asia,  in  Siberia,  traversing  the  centre  of  the 
Chookchee  country,  N.  of  Kamchatka.  It  rises  in  Lake 
Ivachno,  about  lat.  66°  30'  N.,  Ion.  173°  B.,  flows  first  W., 
then  E.,  and  falls  into  an  inlet  of  the  Sea  of  Anadeer  (North 
Pacific),  Ion.  178°  E.  Course,  about  450  miles.  Anadeersk 
(i-n4-deersk'),  the  only  station  on  it,  is  in  lat.  65°  10'  N., 
Ion.  167°  10'  E. 

Anadia,  3.-n&-dee'&,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Alagoas,  46  miles  E.  of  a  city  of  that  name.     Pop.  1200. 

Anadia,  &-n&-dee'&,  or  Arcos,  as'kos,  a  village  of 
Portugal,  17  miles  N.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1615. 

Anadoli,  or  Anadolia,  Asia.    See  Anatolia. 

Anadyr,  or  Anadir.    See  Anadeer. 

Anagni,  8,-nin'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Rome.     Pop.  8220.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Anah,  or  Anna,  k'nk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Euphrates,  155  miles  N.W.  of  Hillah.  Pop.  about  3000. 
It  is  picturesquely  enclosed  by  rocks  and  date-groves. 

Anaheim,  &'n&-hime,  an  incorporated  city  of  Orange 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Santa  Anna  River,  about  8  miles  from  the 
sea,  and  on  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  and  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F£  Railroads,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles. 
It  is  in  a  beautiful  valley,  and  has  a  genial  climate.  Large 
quantities  of  grapes  and  oranges  are  produced  here.  Ana- 
heim has  6  churches,  a  bank,  large  city  school  buildings, 
school  of  the  Dominican  Sisters,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  dried  fruits,  wines,  sugar,  farm-imple- 
ments, wine-casks,  &e.  The  lands  in  the  vicinity  are  irri- 
gated by  means  of  ditches.  Settled  by  Germans  in  1867. 
Pop.  in  1880,  833;  in  1890,  1273.  At  Anaheim  Landing, 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Anaheim,  freight 
and  passengers  are  landed  by  means  of  lighters. 

Anahnac,  9,-ni-wak',  the  aboriginal  name  given  by 
the  Aztecs  to  an  extensive  plateau  or  table-land  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  Mexico.  Its  average  height  is  about  7000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among  the  peaks  that  rise  from 
this  plateau  is  the  volcano  Popocatepetl,  17,784  feet  high. 
Anahuao  is  said  to  comprise  more  than  half  of  the  territory 
now  belonging  to  Mexico.  The  term  has  often  been  vaguely 
applied  to  regions  of  different  extent. 

Anahuac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  co.,  Tex.,  is  on 
or  near  Galveston  Bay,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Galveston. 

Anajaz,  &-n&-zhaz',  a  river  of  Brazil,  island  of  Joannes 
or  Marajo,  falls  into  the  estuary  of  the  Amazon,  after  a  W. 
course  of  about  80  miles,  in  lat.  0°  52'  S.,  Ion.  51°  30'  W. 

Anaklia,  &-n&'k]e-&,  a  fortress  and  seapoi;^  of  Russia, 
in  Mingrelia,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ingoor,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kootais. 

Anak-Soongi,  &^n&k'  soon'ghee,  a  small  state  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  between  the  rivers  Manjoota  and  Urie. 
Its  capital  is  Mocomoco. 

Analabu,  a  town  of  Sumatra.    See  Nalabu. 

Analativoe,  an-aPa-tee-vo',  a  small  island  W.  of  Jafl- 
napatam,  and  near  the  island  of  Ceylon. 

Analomink,  Monroe  oo..  Pa.     See  SpRAeDEViLLB. 

Anam,  a  kingdom  of  Asia.     See  Annam. 

Anamaboe,  or  Annamaboe,  &^n&-ma-b5',  a  British 
fort  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cape 
Coast  Castle.     Lat.  6°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  5'  W. 

Ana  Maria  (&'n&  m&-ree'&)  Island,  or  Palm  Key, 
an  island  off  the  coast  of  Manatee  co.,  Fla. 

Anambas,  &-n&m'b&s,  a  group  of  small,  wooded,  and 
rocky  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  between  Borneo  and  Ma- 
lacca.    Lat.  2°  20'-3°  30'  N.;  Ion.  105°  22'-106°  29'  E. 

Anamirapucu,  &-n&-me-r&-poo-koo',  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Pard,  falls  into  the  estuary  of  the  Amazon. 

Anamooka  Island.    See  Annamooko. 

Anamo'sa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Wapsipinicon  River  at  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  Creek, 
54  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  5  churches,  manufactures  of  brooms,  car- 
riages, wagons,  and  elevators,  roller-process  flour-mills,  and 
extensive  stone  quarries.  A  state  penitentiary  is  located 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2078. 

Anamullay,  Annamullay,  &-ua-mul-l&',  AnimaN 
!6,&-ne-m&l-l&',or  Animalaya,  &-ne-m%-]&'ya,  Hill8,a 
group  of  mountyns  in  Coimbatoor,  Southern  India,  about  65 
miles  S.  of  the  Neilgherries.    The  highest  peak  is  Aneimudi, 


ANA 


492 


ANA 


3837  feet,  the  highest  point  of  Southern  India.  They  abound 
in  wild  beasts  and  savage  men,  and  produce  teak  timber. 

Anamullay,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  district  of  Coimbatoor,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Paul- 
ghautcherry. 

Anana,  i-ni'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alava,  17 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Vitoria.     Pop.  836. 

Anan^apoor')  or  Anandapar,  a  town  of  India,  in 
the  Keunjhar  state,  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cuttack. 

Anan^atapooT%  or  An^antpoor',  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  and  58  miles  S.E.  of  Bellary.    Pop.  4971. 

Anandale,  a  village  of  New  York.    See  Annandale. 

An'andale,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Cherry 
township,  about  a  mile  from  Anandale  Station  on  the  She- 
nango  <fc  Alleghany  Railroad,  and  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mercer. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

An^andpoor',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab  (JuUinder  dis- 
trict), on  the  Sutlej,  150  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lahore.    Pop.  6860. 

Ananief,  or  Ananiev  (Ger.  Ananjeto),  i-nfl,n-yev',  a 
town  of  Russia,  on  the  Tiligool,  96  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Odessa.     Pop.  11,402. 

Ananoor,  or  Ananur,  i-ni-noor',  a  town  of  Georgia, 
on  an  aflluent  of  the  Koor,  and  on  the  great  road  from  Tifli" 
across  the  Caucasus,  32  miles  N.  of  Tiflis. 

Anantpoor,  a  town  of  India,    See  Ananatapoor. 

Anapa,  fl,-ni-pi',  a  seaport  and  fortified  town  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Abasia,  on  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  44"'  54'  1"  N. ;  Ion. 
37°  18'  5"  E.  The  port  is  tolerably  good  for  small  vessels, 
but  the  outer  road  is  safely  accessible  only  in  the  fine  seasons. 

Anapasheher,  a  town  of  India.    See  Anopshehr. 

Anaphe,  &-n&'fee,  called  also  Anaphi,  Nanphio, 
and  Amphio,  a  Greek  island  of  the  JBgean,  one  of  the 
Sporades,  but  included  in  the  nome  of  the  Cyclades,  lat.  36* 
26'  N.,  Ion.  25°  47'  B.  It  is  7  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad, 
is  high  and  rocky,  and  produces  onions,  grain,  and  honey, 
but  has  no  port.  Pop.  of  the  town  of  Anaphe,  1000 ;  of  the 
island,  1350. 

Anapli,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Nauplia. 

Anapn,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Uanapu. 

Anaqua,  4-ni'kwi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex., 
near  the  San  Antonio,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Victoria. 

Anarajapnra,  Anuradhapnra,  or  Anooradha- 
poora.    See  Anurajahpoora. 

Anar'kali)  a  suburb  of  Lahore,  British  India,  and  the 
seat  of  the  civil  administration  for  the  Punjab.     Pop.  8000. 

Anas,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Guadiana. 

Anastasia,  an-a-st4'she-a,  an  island  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Florida,  is  18  miles  long  and  1^  broad.  Lat.  about  29° 
40' N,  5  Ion.  81°  W. 

Anata,  &'n&^t&  (anc.  An'athoth),  a  village  of  Palestine, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Jerusalem,  the  reputed  birthplace  of  the 
prophet  Jeremiah.  It  appears  to  have  been  once  a  place 
of  strength,  having  remains  of  ancient  walls  and  columns. 

Anatolia,  an-a-to'le-a,  or  Anadolia,  &-n&-do'le-4, 
written  also  Anadb'li  and  Nato'lia  (probably  from  the 
Greek  'AvotoX^,  Anatoli,  i.e.,  the  "  rising,"  "  Orient,"  or 
"  East"),  a  name  given  to  the  peninsula  forming  the  W. 
extremity  of  Asia,  and  in  its  most  usual  application 
identical  with  Asia  Minor.  The  judicial  division  of  Ana- 
tolia comprehends  the  Turkish  vilayets  of  Khodavendi- 
ghar,  Aidin,  Konieh,  Adana,  Angora,  Kastamoonee,  Seevas, 
Trebizond,  and  the  islands,  and  in  its  widest  sense  ap- 
pears to  include  all  Asiatic  Turkey.  Anatolia  proper  is 
included  between  the  36th  and  42d  parallels  of  N.  lat., 
and  between  the  26th  and  41st  meridians  of  E.  Ion.  j 
bounded  N.  by  the  Black  Sea,  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  and  the 
Dardanelles,  W.  by  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  and  S.  by  the 
Mediterranean  Sea;  while  its  eastern  boundary,  which  is 
more  arbitrary,  is  usually  defined  by  a  line  connecting  the 
Alma-Dagh,  near  the  Bay  of  Iskanderoon,  with  the  Eu- 
phrates, and  thence  up  to  its  source,  whence  it  runs  down 
the  Choruk  to  the  Black  Sea.  Its  greatest  length,  from  the 
Gulf  of  Adramyti,  B.  to  the  Euphrates,  somewhat  exceeds 
700  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth,  from  Cape  Anamoor,  in 
Karamania,  to  Cape  Kerempe,  in  Anatolia,  is  about  420 
miles.  Estimated  area,  about  270,000  square  miles.  The 
N.  coast,  facing  the  Black  Sea,  is  bold  and  steep^  but  grad- 
ually falls  as  it  approaches  the  Bosporus.  The  W.  coast 
presents  an  outline  jagged  and  irregular,  with  cliff's  high 
and  precipitous,  and  includes  the  Gulfs  of  Adramyti,  Fouges, 
Smyrna,  Scala-Nova,  Mendelia,  and  Cos,  while  the  S.  coast 
presents  a  bold,  irregular  outline,  with  steep  and  lofty  rocks, 
its  chief  bays  or  indentations  being  the  Gulfs  of  Makree  (or 
Makri),  Phineka,  Adalia,  and  Iskanderoon. 

The  surface  may  be  termed  an  elevated  plateau  dotted 
with  salt  lakes,  and  enclosed  by  two  ranges  or  offshoots  of 
the  Armenian  mountain-system,— the  Taurus  and  Anti- 


Taurus,  running  E.  and  W.  not  far  from  the  shores  of  the 
Levant  and  Black  Sea  respectively.  The  S.  range,  or  Tau- 
rus, commences  close  to  the  Euphrates,  where  Akjah-Dagh 
reaches  an  elevation  of  about  10,000  feet,  and,  running  W. 
with  a  very  irregular  course,  terminates  in  the  islands  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  It  has  numerous  offsets,  which, 
as  well  as  various  portions  of  the  main  range,  are  known  by 
special  names,  as  Allah-Dagh,  Bulghar-Dagh,  Jebel-Gooreen 
(Gurin,  or  Kurin),  Ac.  The  N.  or  Anti-Taurus  range 
stretches  from  the  Choruk  W.,  parallel  to  the  Black  Sea, 
and  terminates  at  the  Bosporus  (see  Anti-Taurus).  Be- 
tween these  two  main  ranges  there  are  many  smaller  ones, 
some  of  which  attain  a  great  elevation ;  and,  indeed,  every- 
where lofty  mountain-masses,  more  or  less  connected,  are  to 
be  met  with.  Mount  Argseus,  or  Arjish-Dagh,  is  13,000 
feet,  the  highest  in  Anatolia.  Various  others  attain  an 
elevation  of  from  7000  to  10,000  feet.  Th«  centre  of  this 
peninsula  is  an  extensive  plateau,  averaging  about  5000  feet 
in  height,  about  250  miles  in  length  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  and 
about  160  miles  in  breadth,  partly  drained  by  the  rivers 
flowing  into  the  Black  Sea,  but  covered  also  with  salt  lakes, 
marshes,  and  rivers  having  no  visible  outlets.  The  largest 
rivers  of  Anatolia  flow  into  the  Black  Sea,  but  their  courses 
have  been  imperfectly  explored.  The  largest  are  the  Kizil- 
Irmak(ano.  Ha'lyt),  the  Yeshil-Irmak  (anc.  rria),  and  the 
Sakareeyah  (anc.  Sanga'riua).  The  only  important  rivets 
flowing  towards  the  Grecian  Archipelago  are  the  Bakeer- 
Chai  (anc.  Oai'eus),  the  Sarabat  (anc.  Her'tnua),  and  the 
Mender  (anc.  Mman'der). 

It  may  be  said,  generally,  that  granite,  serpentine,  and 
schist  form  the  substance  of  the  upper,  and  limestone  of  the 
lower,  regions  of  Anatolia,  trachytic  rocks  being  also  found 
B.,  which  are  succeeded  on  the  W.  and  partly  overlaid  by 
black  volcanic  breccia,  with  angular  blocks  of  trachyte; 
while  the  extreme  W.  part  of  the  peninsula  and  its  S.  coasts 
consist  almost  wholly  of  calcareous  rocks.  Volcanic  cones, 
and  other  unquestionable  traces  of  igneous  action,  extend 
over  a  considerable  space,  and  earthquakes  still  occasionally 
occur.  Anatolia  contains  also  numerous  thermal  and  sul- 
phurous springs.  Marble  exists  in  great  abundance,  an 
advantage  which  the  sculptors  and  builders  among  the  early 
Greek  colonists  turned  largely  to  account.  Coal  has  been 
discovered  along  the  coast  of  the  Black  Sea,  but  has  not 
been  worked  to  much  extent. 

The  climate  admits  of  no  general  description,  owing  to 
the  diversity  in  the  elevation  of  the  surface.  The  W.  shores 
have  been  celebrated  in  all  ages  for  their  genial  warmth. 
The  coast  facing  the  Black  Sea  is  almost  equally  favored  as 
to  temperature,  and  enjoys  the  additional  advantage  of  fre- 
quent rains.  The  elevated  plains  of  the  interior  are  ex- 
tremely cold  in  winter.  The  climate  of  Karamania,  unlike 
that  of  the  N.  part,  is  oppressively  hot  in  summer;  very 
little  rain  falls,  and  hence  from  April  to  November  the  in- 
habitants have  little  water  except  what  is  preserved  in  tanks. 

The  N.  slope  of  the  central  plateau  so  abounds  with  forests 
of  walnut,  box,  oak,  beech,  plane,  ash,  and  other  timber 
that  the  Turks  have  called  one  of  its  forests  the  Agatch- 
Deng'is,  or  Sea  of  Trees.  It  is  120  miles  long  by  40  miles 
in  breadth.  The  trees  here  are  of  a  larger  growth  than  in 
most  other  countries  under  the  same  parallel,  especially  in 
the  sheltered  valleys  of  the  S.W.  Sugar-canes  grow  in 
Pamphylia;  and  wine,  olives,  cotton,  silk,  opium,  rhubarb, 
and  figs  are  abundantly  raised  in  the  valleys  of  the  S.  The 
flora  of  Western  and  Southern  Anatolia  is  extremely  beau- 
tiful, and  will  bear  comparison  with  that  of  Sicily  and  the 
S.  of  Spain.  Shrubs  and  evergreens  are  abundant, — the 
latter  including  the  myrtle,  which  here  attains  an  immense 
size,  bay,  daphne,  laurel,  and  a  variety  of  holly.  Some  of 
the  vast  and  frigid  plains  of  the  interior  produce  only 
stunted  shrubs,  saline  plants,  wormwood,  sage,  and  ferns. 

Wheat,  boxWood,  salt  fish,  figs,  barley,  millet,  sesame, 
rags,  oil,  cattle,  mohair,  wool,  opium,  soammony,  hides, 
galls,  oil-seeds,  tragacanth,  raisins,  wax,  tobacco,  and  soap 
are  leading  articles  of  export.  Garden  vegetables  are  ex- 
tensively grown. 

The  Ottoman  Turks  form  about  nine-tenths  of  the  popu- 
lation; nor  have  they  for  many  centuries  varied  to  any 
considerable  extent  from  their  primitive  type.  There  are 
many  thousands  of  so-called  Turks  who  are  descended  from 
Greek  ancestors.  About  one-twentieth  part  are  Greeks,  an 
unprincipled,  dishonest  race ;  and  the  remainder  comprise 
Jews,  Armenians,  Koords,  and  Gypsies,  the  last  of  whom 
are  itinerant  jobbers  and  tinkers.  The  total  population  has 
been  estimated  to  be  about  4,500,000.  Agriculture  is  in  the 
most  rude  and  primitive  state.  Roads,  as  understood  in 
Europe,  are  wholly  unknown,  but  relays  of  horses  are  main- 
tained at  distant  intervals  and  are  stationed  at  the  large 


ANA 


493 


AlsD 


towns  on  the  leading  routes.  There  are  three  lines  of  rail- 
way, aggregating,  in  1876,  220  miles.  The  principal  cities 
of  Anatolia  are  Smyrna,  Trebizond,  Iskanderoon,  Adramyti, 
Angora,  Seevas,  Sinope,  Samsoon,  Konieh,  Kaisareeyeh,  and 
Afloom. Adj.  and  inhab.  Anatolian,  an-a-to'le-an. 

AnatolicOy  i-n8,-tol'e-ko,  an  island  of  Greece,  govern- 
ment of  ^tolia,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Missolonghi,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Patras,  and  wholly  covered  by  a  town  of  400  houses. 

An'atone,  a  post-town  of  Austin  oo..  Wash.,  60  miles 
E.  of  Walla  Walla.     Pop.  100. 

Anavay  k-nk-vk',  or  Guanahau,  gw&-n&-h8w',  a  river 
of  Brazil,  a  tributary  of  the  Rio  Branco  or  Parima.  Its 
whole  length  is  about  200  miles. 

Anava*  the  ancient  name  of  Chardak. 

Anavelhana,  S,-nS,-vil-y9,'n&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  an  af- 
fluent of  the  Rio  Negro.  It  flows  nearly  due  S.,  and  falls 
into  that  river  near  Taroma.     Length,  about  220  miles. 

AnazarbaS)  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ain-Zarbb 

AnazO)  &-n&'z5\  or  Hanazo,  a  considerable  river  of 
Abyssinia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Melee  and  the 
united  streams  of  Ancona  and  Sabalatte,  from  which  point 
the  Anazo  flows  nearly  due  E.,  taking  the  name  of  the 
Yasso  (yis'so)  latterly,  till  it  comes  within  10  miles  of  the 
Sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  when  it  sinks  into  the  sand. 

Anbar,  in-bar'^  a  town  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  20  milet 
N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Anbar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Feloojah. 

Ancachs,  8,n^k4chs',  a  department  of  Peru,  bounded 
N.  by  the  department  of  Libertad,  S.  by  that  of  Lima,  and 
extending  from  the  Pacific  eastward  to  the  head-waters  of 
the  Amazon.  Area,  17,405  square  miles.  It  is  rich  in 
minerals,  and  is  traversed  by  a  railway.  Capital,  Euaraz. 
Pop.  284,091. 

Ancarano,  in-ki-ri'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Teramo,  15  mUes  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1532. 

Ancaster,  ang'kas-t§r,  a  post- village  in  Wentworth  co., 
Ontario,  Canada,  7  miles  W.S.  W .  of  Hamilton.  It  contains 
a  knitting-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  carding-  and  woollen- 
mills,  and  an  agricultural  implement  factory.     Pop.  600. 

Ancede,  &n-si'd&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  Douro, 
28  miles  B.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  3090. 

AnceniS)  ftN^^s^h-nee'  (anc.  Andene'eiumt)  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Loire,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  4358. 

Ancerma,  a  town  of  South  America.    See  Anzerma. 

Ancerville,  fiN<»^s5RVeel',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Mouse,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Bar-le-Duo.     Pop.  2120. 

Anchiale,  and  AnchialnS;  ancient  names  of  Ahiolo. 

Ancholme,  an'cholm,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, flows  at  first  W.  past  Market- Rasen,  and  then  north- 
ward to  join  the  Humoer. 

Anchorage^  angk'gr-aj,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  of  Louisville.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  an  academy  for  boys,  and  a  manufactory  of  hemp 
bagging. 

Anchor  (angk'9r)  Island,  a  small  island  of  New  Zea- 
land, on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  into  Dusky  Bay. 

Anchor  Islands,  two  islands  off  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  3  miles  E.  of  Cape  Frio. 

Anchorites,  angk'gr-Ites,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  about  280  miles  N.  of  Papua. 

Anchorville,  a  post-town  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Lenox,  has  a  church  and  an  academy.    P.  420. 

Anciaens,  &N"-se-&'dNs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  Douro,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Oporto,  with  thermal  springs.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ancifto,  &n-8e-&'6N«,  or  almost  in-sdwN«',  a  village  of 
Estremadura,  Portugal,  9  miles  E.  of  Pombal.     Pop.  2529. 

Ancienne  Liorette,  6N»^se-en'  lo-ritt',  a  post-village 
in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Quebec.  It 
has  a  large  lumber  trade.  P.  2233,  including  Huron  Indians. 

And  am,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Anklah. 

An'clote  River  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Hernando  and  Hillsborough  cos.,  Fla.,  and  falls  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     OS"  its  mouth  are  the  Anclote  Keys. 

Anco,  &n'ko,  a  town  of  Southern  Peru,  department  of 
Ayacucho,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Apurimac,  40  miles  E.  of 
Ayacucho. 

Anco'ber,  a  river  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  lat.  4° 
64'  N.,  Ion.  2°  16'  15"  W.     See  Ankober. 

Ancohnma,  mountain-peaks.    See  Andes. 

Ancolan  (&n^ko-l&n')  Islands,  a  group  of  small 
islands  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
the  S.  end  of  Luzon. 

Ancona,  &n-ko'nl  (anc.  Anco'na,  Gr.  'KyKdv,  Ancon, 
i.e.,  "  elbow,"  "  bend,"  or  "  angle,"  in  allusion  to  its  position 


in  an  angle  of  the  coast),  a  city  and  free  port  of  Central 
Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  185  miles  by  railway  N.E.  of  Rome ; 
it  is  connected  also  with  Bologna  and  Brindisi  by  rail.  Lat. 
43°  37'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  13"  30'  5"  E.  It  is  built  on  the  slope 
of  a  hill,  in  an  amphitheatre  between  two  hills,  on  one  of 
which  stands  the  citadel,  and  on  the  other  the  cathedral.  It 
is  divided  into  two  parts,  the  Citti  Vecchia  (chit-ti'  v4k'- 
ke-4)  and  the  Citt4  Nuova  (chit-ti'  noo-o'v4) :  the  former 
occupies  the  higher  ground,  and  is  inhabited  by  the  poorer 
classes ;  the  latter  is  situated  along  the  shores  of  the  gulf. 
Ancona  is  the  seat  of  a  civil  tribunal,  of  a  military  com- 
mandant, and  of  a  bishop.  It  has  a  college,  2  hospitals,  10 
churches,  and  a  lazaretto.  Among  the  most  remarkable 
buildings  are  the  government  palace,  the  town  house,  the 
merchants'  hall,  the  cathedral,  and  on  the  mole  the  tri- 
umphal Corinthian  arch  of  Trajan,  built  of  Parian  marble. 
Ancona  is  an  entrepdt  for  European  goods  for  the  Levant. 
The  port,  which  is  the  only  good  one  on  this  side  the  Adri- 
atic between  Venice  and  Manfredonia,  is  formed  by  a  mole 
and  a  breakwater.  Ancona  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded 
by  a  Doric  colony,  or  by  a  band  of  Syracusan  patriots,  who 
fled  from  the  tyranny  of  Dionysius,  about  400  years  B.C. 
In  the  time  of  Casar  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Romans. 
The  Emperor  Trajan  and  Clement  XII.  improved  and  beau- 
tified the  harbor.  In  1798  the  city  was  taken  by  the  French ; 
and  in  the  following  year  it  surrendered  to  the  allied  Rus- 
sian, Turkish,  and  Austrian  army,  after  a  long  resistance. 
Pop.  in  1881,  31,277. 

Ancona,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  divided 
into  51  communes.  Area,  740  square  miles.  Capital,  An- 
cona.    Pop.  in  1890,  267,338. 

The  March  op  Amcona  (It.  Marca  d'Ancona,  m&R'ki 
d&n-ko'n&),  was  an  old  division  of  territory  in  Central 
Italy,  which  in  the  Middle  Ages  included  the  country 
between  the  duchy  of  Urbino  and  the  march  of  Fermo. 
See  Marches. 

Aneo'na,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  in  Read- 
ing township,  at  a  railway  junction,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Streator.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  350. 

Anco'ra,  a  post-village  of  Camden  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Wins- 
low  township,  on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  is  1^ 
miles  from  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad. 

An'cram,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  An- 
cram  township,  on  the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroad, 
25  miles  from  Rhinecliff,  and  about  17  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  a  paper-mill  for  straw  paper.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1715. 

Ancram  Lead  Mine,  or  Hot  Ground,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ancram  township,  on  the 
Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Pough- 
keepsie.  Galena,  blende,  and  copper  pyrites  are  found  here. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ancre,  a  town  of  France.    See  Albert. 

An'croft,  a  village  of  England,  in  Northumberland,  6 
miles  S.  of  Berwick.     Pop.  1991. 

An'crum,  a  parish  and  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Rox- 
burgh. In  this  parish  was  fought  the  battle  of  Anorum 
Moors,  in  1544,  between  the  Scotch  and  English. 

Ancram,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Su- 
wanee  River. 

Ancud,  &n-kooth',  or  San  Carlos  de  Ancnd,  s&n 
kar'l5s  d4  &n-kooth',  a  port  of  Chili,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Chiloe,  capital  of  the  province  of  Chiloe,  has  a  safe  and 
spacious  harbor.  Lat.  41°  62'  S.;  Ion.  73°  55'  W.  It  is 
much  visited  by  whalemen,  and  exports  hams  and  wood. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Ancy,  6N»^see',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rhdne.     Pop.  880.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk  stuffs. 

Ancy,  ftN»^see',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Metz.     Pop.  955. 

Ancy-le-Franc,  6N»'see'-l9l>-fr&ii»',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Yonne,  on  the  Arman^on,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Tonnerre.     Pop.  1772. 

Ancyra,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  ANaoBA. 

Andacollo,  &n-d&-kol'yo,  a  village  of  Chili,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coquimbo,  in  a  rich  mining-district.  It  has  an 
image  of  the  Virgin  which  brings  hither  20,000  pilgrims 
yearly.     Pop.  1580. 

Andad-Khan,  &n-d&d-k&n',  or  Andcjan,  &n-d&-j&n', 
a  t6wn  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Ferghana,  on  the  Jaxarte?,  55 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kbokan.  The  town  is  large,  and  is  sur- 
rounded with  gardens  and  a  moated  fort.    Pop.  43,000. 

Andahnaylas,  &n-d&-wi'l&s,  a  town  of  Southern  Peru, 
department  of  Apurimac,  on  the  Andahuaylas,  60  miles  S.E. 
of  Hnamanga.  ' 


AND 


494 


AND 


Andaia,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Andaya. 

Andalgala,  &n-da,l-g8,'l&,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, province  and  75  miles  N.  of  Catamarca.    Pop.  3073. 

An 'dale,  a  post- village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Andalusia,  an-di-ln'she-a  (Sp.  Andalucia,  in-dft-loo- 
thee'i  :  Fr.  Andalusie,  bs^^dk'iu^zee' ;  Ger.  Andalmien,  in- 
d5,-loo'ze-§n),  the  largest  of  the  ancient  divisions  of  the  S.  of 
Spain,  bounded  S.E.  and  S.  by  the  Mediterranean  and  the 
Straits  of  Gibraltar,  S.W.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Por- 
tugal. It  is  now  divided  into  the  following  provinces,  which 
are  named  from  their  chief  towns :  Almeria,  Granada,  Jaen, 
Malaga,  Cadiz,  Cordova,  Huelva,  and  Seville.  Andalusia  is 
traversed  by  the  Sierras  Morena  and  Nevada ;  the  climate 
on  the  coasts  is  extremely  warm,  and  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  Vandals  were  established  in  this  country  in  the  fifth 
century,  whence  it  was  called  Vandahisia,  afterwards  cor- 
rupted into  Andalusia.  After  the  dismemberment  of  the 
empire  of  the  Caliphs  in  1030,  Andalusia  formed  the  king- 
doms of  Cordova,  Seville,  Jaen,  Almeria,  Malaga,  and  Gra- 
nada, all  successively  conquered  by  the  kings  of  Castile. 

Area,  33,760  square  miles.  P.  3,261,988. Adj.  and  inhah. 

Andaltjsian,  an-da-lu'she-an  (Sp.  Andaluz,  an-di-looth'). 

Andalusia,  an-da-lu'she-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Covington  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Conecuh,  about  80  miles  S.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  oflSoe. 

Andalusia,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  below  Davenport,  Iowa.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  Andalusia  township,  878. 

Andalusia,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  near  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Philadelphia  t9 
Trenton,  12  miles  N.B.  of  the  former.  It  has  an  Episcopal 
chapel,  and  schools  called  Andalusia  Hall  and  Potter  Hall. 

Andalusie,  Andalusien,  Andaluz.  See  Anda- 
lusia. 

Andaman  (an-da-man')  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  between  lat.  10°  and  13°  N.,  and 
nearly  under  the  93d  degree  of  E.  Ion.,  180  miles  S.W.  of 
Cape  Negrais.  The  Great  and  Little  Andaman  Islands  are 
separated  by  Duncan's  Passage.  Area,  2651  square  miles. 
The  native  population  is  scanty,  and  belongs  to  a  puny  race 
of  blacks  called  Mincopies,  who  are  as  degraded  savages  as 
any  in  the  world.  The  islands  now  form  a  British  convict 
settlement  for  East  Indian  criminals.  Chief  settlement.  Port 
Blair,  on  Chatham  Island.     Pop.  13,500. 

Andamarca,  &n-d3,-maR'k&,  a  village  of  Bolivia,  76 
miles  S.  of  Gruro.     Pop.  1600. 

Andance,  5n<»M6n8s',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ardlche,  on  the  Rhone,  6  miles  S.  of  Serrifires.    Pop.  1696. 

Andar,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Saint  Louis. 

Andaya,  or  Andaia,  9,n-di'&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  risea 
in  the  Serra  Matta  Gorda,  and  falls  into  the  Sao  Francisco 
at  lat.  18°  10'  S.     Length,  120  miles. 

Andaye,  or  Hendaye,  fiN^Mi',  a  small  seaport  of 
France,  department  of  Basses-Pyr6n6es,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Bayonne,  on  the  Bidassoa.     Pop.  about  700. 

Andecavi,  or  Andegavi.    See  Angers. 

Andeer,  fi,n'daiK\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  on  the  Rhine,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chur.     Pop.  683. 

Andejan,  in  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Andab-Kban. 

Andelfingen,  in'd§l-fing^§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Thur,  here  crossed  by  a 
railway  bridge.     Pop.  1935. 

Andelle,  ftNoMell',  a  river  of  France,  falls  into  the 
Seine  above  Pont-de-l'Arche.     Length,  24  miles. 

Andelot,  5No^d§h-lo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Marne,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  1600. 

Andelys,  a  town  of  France.    See  Les  Andelts. 

Andematunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Langres. 

4.ndenaes,  S,nM§-n^s',  a  village  of  the  Lofifoden  Islands, 
Norway,  on  the  Isle  of  Andoen.  It  has  large  fisheries,  and 
a  trade  in  down  and  feathers.     Pop.  1650. 

Andeuesium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ancenis. 

Andenne,  ftso^dSnn',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Namur,  on  the  Meuse,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Namur.  Pop. 
5760.     It  has  manufactures  of  porcelain  and  tobacco-pipes. 

Andera  (or  Anderot)  Island.  SeeLAccADivE  Isles. 

Anderab,  inM^r-ib',  or  Inderab,  ln-d§r-4b',  a  town 
of  Budukhshan,  about  85  miles  ST.N.E.  of  Cabool,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Anderab  and  Kiasan.     It  is  a  populous  place. 

Anderabia,  a  Persian  island.    See  Inderabia.        ' 

Anderlecht,  ^u'd^r-lfiKt^  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Brabant,  arrondissement  of  Brussels,  of  which  city  it 
forms  a  suburb  on  the  S.W.     Pop.  7465. 

Andermatt,  a.n'd§r-m&tt\  or  Urseren,  ooR'se-r§n, 
(Ital.  Or'tera),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  the  valley  of 


Urseren,  18  miles  S.  of  Altorf.  Near  it  is  the  Devil's  Bridge, 
crossing  the  Reuss,  and  forming  part  of  the  route  across 
Mount  St.  Gothard  into  Italy.     Pop.  744. 

Ahdernach,  S,n'd§r-n5.K^  (ano.  Antmiacum  or  Antonia- 
cttm),  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Coblentz.  It  is  famous  for  the  production  of  millstones 
and  trass  or  cement.     Pop.  4482. 

Anderot,  or  Anderov.    See  Laccadive  Isles. 

An'derson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Pottawatomie 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian com,  horses,  cattle,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  The  county  contains  extensive  prairies  (about 
94  per  cent.).  It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the 
Missouri  Pacific  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad  lines,  which  converge  at  Garnett,  the  county 
seat.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  5220;  in  1875, 
6809;  in  1880,  9057;  in  1890,  14,20.3. 

Anderson,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  navigable  Kentucky  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  partly  level,  and 
mostly  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  hemp, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Lawrenceburg 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  Southern  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5449;  in  1880,  9360;  in  1890,  10,610. 

Anderson,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  690  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Saluda,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Savannah 
River.  It  is  also  intersected  by  the  Kiowee  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the 
county  is  woodland.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia  and  by  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  division  of  the 
Richmond  &,  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Anderson  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,049;  in  1880,  33,612;  in  1890, 
43,696. 

Anderson,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  has  an  area  esti- 
mated at  360  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Clinch 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Powell's  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  occupied  by  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak, 
hickory,  and  sugar-maple.  Coal  and  salt-springs  are  found 
here.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Eastern  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  extends 
from  Clinton,  the  capital,  to  Harriman  Junction,  on  the 
Queen  A  Crescent  Route.  Pop;  in  1870,  8704;  in  1880, 
10,820;  in  1890,  16,128. 

Anderson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Neches,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Trinity  River, 
which  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  county  is  liberally  supplied 
with  timber.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  International  <t 
Great  Northern  Railroad,  the  most  direct  route  to  Mexico, 
via  Laredo,  2  branches  of  which  meet  at  Palestine,  the 
county  seat  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  9229 ;  in  1880, 
17,395;  in  1890,  20,923. 

Anderson,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Stevenso». 
Coal  and  Iron  are  found  here. 

Anderson,  a  post-town  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  24  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Red  Bluff.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  ofiSce,  manufactures  of  wagons  and  carriages, 
and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  fruit-growing 
region.     Pop.  about  600. 

Anderson,  a  hamlet  of  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Fla.,  on  Santa 
Rosa  Sound,  about  35  miles  E.  of  Pensacola. 

Anderson,  a  station  in  Clayton  township,  Adams  co., 
111.,  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Clayton. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  111.     Pop.  947. 

Anderson,  a  station  in  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  N.B.  of  Carlinville. 

Anderson,  a  thriving  city  and  important  railroad 
centre,  the  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ind,,  is  on  the  west  fork 
of  the  White  River,  at  the  convergence  of  4  railroads,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks,  3 
newspaper  ofiioes,  and  numerous  manufactories  of  iron, 
paper,  glass,  wire  nails,  strawboards,  machinery,  flour,  tile, 
lumber,  Ac,  in  the  operation  of  which  natural  gas  is  used. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,741. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1136, 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1452. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  84.? 


AND 


495 


AND 


Anderson,  a  township  of  Mills  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  531. 

Anderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fremont  oo.,  Iowa,  3  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Sidney. 

Anderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Wade,  and  21  miles  S.  of  Neosho. 

Anderson,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mansfield 
township,  1  mile  from  Port  Murray  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  1  church,  and  a  flour-mill  on  the  Musconetcong  River. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  above  Cincinnati.  Pop.  4077.  It  contains  New- 
town and  Mount  Washington. 

Anderson,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Chillicothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Anderson,  a  township,  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  576. 

Anderson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  49  miles 
W.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Anderson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex., 
about  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houston.  It  is  10  miles  N.B.  of 
Navasota.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  495. 

Anderson,  a  station  in  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  £.  of  Grafton. 

Anderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  W.Va.,  on 
the  Ohio,  about  IS  miles  N.  of  Steubenville. 

An'dersonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.   It  has  a  hotel  and  several  mills. 

Anderson  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Anderson  co.,  S.C,  on  a  branch  of  the  Greenville  &  Colum- 
bia Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Blue  Ridge  Rail- 
road. 126  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  a  col- 
legiate institute.     Pop.  1679. 

Anderson  Island,  Alaska.    See  Saint  Lawrence. 

Anderson  River,  in  British  Columbia,  enters  the  Fraser 
River,  from  the  E.,  25  miles  above  Yale. 

Anderson's,  a  station  in  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad,  3^  miles  S.  of  Reno. 

Anderson's,  a  township  of  Caswell  CO.,  N.C.  Pop.  1544. 

Anderson's,  a  station  in  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  and  on  the  Juniata  River,  66  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Anderson's  Corners,  Quebec.    See  Six  Mile  Cross. 

Anderson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala. 

Anderson's  Creek,  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  enters  the 
W.  branch  of  Susquehanna  River. 

Anderson's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Crawford  co., 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Spencer  and  Perry  coun- 
ties, until  it  falls  into  the  Ohio  near  Troy. 

Anderson's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <fc  Lafayette  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Cincinnati. 

Anderson's  Inlet,  or  Venus  Bay,  in  Victoria, 
Australia,  N.  of  Bass's  Strait,  between  Capes  Liptrap  and 
Patterson,  receives  Tarwin  River. 

Anderson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Anderson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Travis  co.,  Tex. 

Anderson's  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Lake  co., 
Cal.,  in  Lower  Lake  township,  10  miles  from  the  Geysers, 
and  about  80  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  medicinal 
springs,  which  are  resorted  to  for  rheumatism,  liver-com- 
plaints, paralysis,  Ac.     Elevation,  1950  feet  above  the  sea. 

Anderson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C, 
28  miles  S.  of  Danville,  Va. 

An'dersontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
about  45  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Andersontown,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

An'dersonville,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Macon.  Here 
many  Union  prisoners  were  confined  in  the  civil  war.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  large  national  cemetery. 

Andersonville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Posey  township,  about  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Andersonville,  New  Jersey.    See  Anderson. 

Andersonville,  a  manufacturing  village  in  the  town 
of  Fine,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gou- 
verneur  Station.     Here  is  Fine  Post-Office. 

Andersonville,  a  post- village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Erie  Canal,  6  miles  N.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.    It  has  2  churches. 

Andersonville,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  near 
the  Savannah  River,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Anderson  Court- 
House.     It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Andersonville,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

An'derson  Wool'len  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co., 
Ky.,  near  the  Ohio  River,  15  miles  from  Shawneetown,  IIL 


Andes,  an'diz,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Andes  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Delhi,  and  about  63  miles 
S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  national  bank,  an  academy  or 
collegiate  institute,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and 
2  tenneries.  Pop.  (1890)  416;  of  township,  2639.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  E.  branch  of  the  Delaware  River. 

Andes,  an'diz  (Sp.  Cordillera  de  los  Andes,  koR-deel- 
yL'rii  dk  loce  in'dis),  a  range  of  mountains  of  such  vast 
extent  and  altitude  as  to  render  it  one  of  the  most  remark- 
able physical  features  of  the  globe.  Commencing  at  Cape 
Horn,  it  extends  nearly  parallel  to  the  Pacific  coast  througn- 
eut  South  America  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  a  distance 
}f  about  4500  miles.  From  this  point  it  is  continued, 
and,  under  different  names,  traverses  the  North  American 
continent  from  S.  to  N.,  terminating  in  Point  Barrow  on 
the  Arctic  Ocean ;  extending  in  all  through  nearly  130  de- 
grees of  latitude,  or  about  9000  miles.  The  Andes  consist, 
for  the  most  part,  of  a  series  of  lofty  ridges  running  more  or 
less  parallel  to  each  other,  and  covering,  with  their  plateaus 
and  declivities,  nearly  a  sixth  part  of  South  America.  From 
its  S.  extremity  the  main  chain  runs  along  the  W.  shore  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  and  consists  of  rocky  summits,  rising  in  many 
places  to  2000  or  3000  feet,  the  culminating  point  of  this  por- 
tion (Mount  Sarmiento)  being  6910  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
Patagonian  Andes  run  directly  northward  as  far  as  lat.  42° 
S.,  flanked  by  rocky  and  mountainous  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
that  seem  to  have  been  disunited  from  the  mainland  by  vol- 
canic agency.  The  Andes  of  Chili,  from  lat.  42°  to  lat.  21°  S., 
form  a  single  chain,  dividing  itself  northward  into  several 
ridges.  The  principal  peaks  are  the  volcanoes  of  Antuco 
(16,000  feet  high),  Maypu  (15,000  feet  high),  and  Tupungato 
(16,000  feet  high) ;  but  the  culminating  point,  not  only  of  this 
portion,  but  of  the  entire  range  of  the  Andes,  is  the  nevado 
of  Aconcagua,  which  rises  22,422  feet  above  the  sea.  The  line 
of  perpetual  snow  in  these  latitudes  is  about  14,000  feet  above 
the  sea.  Between  the  Chilian  Andes  and  the  Pacific — a  dis- 
tance varying  from  80  to  150  miles — are  extensive  plains 
elevated  from  1000  to  1500  feet  above  the  sea.  In  the  S. 
these  are  mostly  clothed  with  a  rich  vegetation ;  but  the 
more  elevated  mountain-regions  are  nearly  destitute  of 
plants.  The  Bolivian  Andes,  forming  the  central  division 
of  the  system,  extend  northward  from  lat.  21°  to  lat.  14°  S., 
presenting  one  immense  mass  of  rocks,  stretching  in  length 
ever  7  degrees  of  latitude  and  in  breadth  from  200  to  250 
miles.  In  this  section  the  chain  separates,  about  lat.  19°  S., 
into  two  great  longitudinal  ridges,  the  E.  called  the  Cordillera 
Real,  and  the  W.  the  Cordillera  of  the  Coast.  These  run 
parallel  to  each  other,  enclosing  the  table-land  of  Desa- 
guadero,  elevated  12,700  feet  above  the  sea,  extending  400 
miles  in  length,  and  from  30  to  80  miles  in  breadth  along  the 
top  of  the  Andes.  These  parallel  Cordilleras,  situated  at  a 
distance  of  about  230  miles  from  each  other,  are  united  at 
various  points  by  enormous  transverse  groups,  or  by  single 
ranges  crossing  them  like  dikes.  The  descent  to  the  Pa- 
cific is  exceedingly  steep ;  the  dip  is  also  very  sudden  to  the 
E.,  whence  ofishoots  diverge  to  tne  lower  plains.  The  fol- 
lowing are  some  of  the  principal  summits  in  this  portion  of 
the  Andes : 


Name. 

S.lat. 

WJon. 

Feet 

Sahama 

18°  7' 
18°  KX 
20°  13' 
18°  8' 
16°  19' 
17°  43' 

68°  62' 
69°  11' 
69°  17' 
690  3' 
71°  23' 
69°  47' 

22,350 
22,030 
21. %0 
21,700 
18,533 
19,740 
21,286 
21,060 
21,149 
21,043 
21  286 

I.  OOSDILLE- 

Oualateiri 

BA  or  THF.-I 

Pomarape 

Misti 

Chipicaui 

Sorata. 

Illimani  (tUt,8now).. 

16°  38' 
i5°52' 

67°  49' 
68°33' 

N.Peak. 
8.  Peak.. 
N.Peak. 
8.  Peak.. 
N.Peak. 

lz&aofBo- 

UVIA        OK ' 

Anouma. 

Chachacomani 

Supaiwasi,            or 
Huayna      Potosi 
Peak 

16°  C 

19°  SC 
16°  3^ 

16°  icy 

16°  25' 
14°  67' 

68°  25' 

68°  IC 
67°  62' 
68°  14' 
68°  58' 
69°  KK 

20,236 

20,260 
19,356 
19,060 
18,210 
17,930 

Ueeada  Nevada 

Angel  Peak 

* 

Oa^ica. 

Oololo 

The  highest  summits  are  W.  of  the  Desaguadero.  The 
Peruvian  Andes,  separated  from  the  Pacific  by  a  desert 
from  50  to  100  miles  broad,  extend  from  lat.  14°  to  lat.  6°  S., 
and  detach  two  eastern  offsets,  one  of  which  runs  N.W.  be- 
tween the  Mar^Son  and  Huallaga  Rivers,  and  the  other 
between  the  Huallaga  and  the  Uoayale,  enclosing  a  plateau 
11,000  feet  high,  called  Pasco  or  Huanuco.   The  main  range. 


AND 


496 


AND 


tenned  the  Cordillera  of  the  Coast,  runs  W.N.W.  in  a  direc- 
tion parallel  to  and  about  70  miles  distant  from  the  Pacific. 
The  Andes  of  Ecuador  commence  at  lat.  5"  S.,  and  run 
nearly  due  N.  to  the  table-land  of  Quito,  which  is  200 
miles  long,  30  miles  broad,  elevated  9600  feet  above  the  sea, 
and  surrounded  by  the  most  magnificent  series  of  volcanoes 
in  the  world.  The  B.  range  comprises  the  volcanoes  of 
Sangay  (17,120  feet),  Tunguragua  (16,579  feet),  Cotopaxi 
(18,880  feet),  Antisana  (19,148  feet),  and  Mount  Cayambe 
(19,535  feet  high).  On  the  W.  range  stands  Mount  Chim- 
boraao,  21,420  feet  above  the  sea.  On  the  E.  side,  lat.  2° 
N.,  is  the  mountain-knot  of  Paramo,  from  which  extend 
thre«  separate  chains:  1,  that  of  Suma  Paz,  running  N.E. 
past  Lake  Maracaybo,  and  terminating  near  Caracas,  on 
the  Caribbean  Sea;  2,  the  chain  of  Quindiu,  extending 
X.N.E.  between  the  rivers  Cauca  and  Magdalena ;  and,  3, 
the  chain  of  Choco,  which  follows  the  Pacific  coast  to  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  where  it  forms  the  link  between  the 
Andes  and  the  Rocky  Mountain  system  of  North  America. 
North  of  the  5th  parallel,  the  only  summits  within  the  line 
of  perpetual  snow  are  in  the  E.  chain.  The  volcano  of  To- 
lima,  in  lat.  4°  46'  N.,  Ion.  75°  37'  W.,  rises  18,270  feet. 

This  gigantic  mountain-chain  is  traversed  in  difi'erent 
parts  by  passes  or  roads  at  heights  almost  equal  to  those 
of  the  extreme  summits  of  the  European  ranges.  Most  of 
these  are  narrow,  steep,  and  dangerous.  The  pass  from 
Arequipa  to  Puno  is  14,660  feet  high;  and  the  one  leading 
from  Lima  to  Tarma  and  Pasco  is  15,760  feet,  being  the 
highest  known  pass  of  the  Andes.  There  are  numerous 
other  passes  across  the  Andes,  many  of  which  exceed  16,000 
feet  in  height.  At  best,  these  are  as  a  rule  practicable  only 
for  mules  and  llamas,  and  in  many  cases  the  travell^  is 
carried  over  upon  the  backs  of  natives.  A  great  commer- 
cial road  runs  longitudinally  along  the  Andes  from  Trujillo 
to  Popayan,  not  much  less  than  1000  miles.  In  Peru  rail- 
ways have  been  constructed  from  the  sea  eastward  to  the 
Titicaca  basin,  across  the  principal  Andean  range.  The 
Oroya  Railway  has  a  tunnel  15,645  feet  above  sea-level. 

The  Andes  are  composed  partly  of  granite,  gneiss,  mica, 
and  clay-slate,  but  chiefly  of  greenstone,  porphyry,  and  ba- 
salt, with  limestone,  red  sandstone,  and  conglomerate.  Salt 
and  gypsum  are  also  found,  and  seams  of  coal  at  a  great 
elevation.  The  topaz,  amethyst,  and  other  gems  are  abun- 
dant. Volcanoes  are  numerous  in  the  Chilian  Andes,  where 
there  are  no  less  than  nineteen  in  a  state  of  activity ;  and 
the  mountains  of  Ecuador  consist  altogether  of  volcanic 
summits,  either  now  or  formerly  in  active  ignition.  Hardly 
any  other  portion  of  the  globe  is  subject  to  such  frequent 
and  destructive  earthquakes  as  the  countries  embosomed 
within  the  Andes,  and  those  lying  between  them  and  the 
Pacific.  The  Andes  are  celebrated  for  their  mineral  riches, 
producing  gold  and  silver  in  large  quantities,  with  platinum, 
mercury,  copper,  lead,  and  iron.  Except  in  the  far  S., 
glaciers  are  of  rare  occurrence  in  the  Andes,  being  found 
only  in  the  narrow  ravines  which  furrow  the  sides  of  some 
of  the  great  summits.  The  limit  of  perpetual  snow  reaches 
the  height  of  13,800  feet  in  the  W.  Cordillera  of  Chili;  near 
the  equator  it  is  15,000  feet,  and  in  the  Bolivian  Andes 
(lat.  21°  S.),  17,000  feet  above  the  sea.  The  potato  is  cul- 
tivated in  the  Andes  at  an  elevation  of  9800  to  13,000  feet. 
Wheat  grows  at  a  height  of  10,000  feet,  and  oats  ripen  near 
Lake  Titicaca,  at  an  elevation  of  12,795  feet. 

The  name  Andes  is  derived  from  the  Peruvian  word  Anti, 
signifying  "  copper."  It  was  first  given  to  a  range  near 
Cuzco,  but  was  afterwards  applied  to  the  entire  chain. 

Andes,  Los  Andes,  or  Santa  Rosa  de  los  An- 
des, sin'ti  rb'zk  di  loce  in'dfis,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
of  Aconcagua,  18  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  San  Felipe. 
Pop.  4445. 

Andevooron'to,  or  Andevonrante,  In-d^-voo- 
rin'ta,  a  large  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar,  near 
the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  2000. 

Andhalgaon,  an-darg4-on',  a  town  of  India,  Cen- 
tral  Provinces,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Bhundara,    Pop.  3270. 

Andiary,  In-de-i'ree,  two  villages  of  Western  Africa, 
in  the  Bondoo  country,  near  lat.  14°  6'  N.,  Ion.  13°  W. 

Andiphillo,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Antiphilo. 

Andkhoo,  ind^koo',  Ankkoni,  in-koo'e,  or  Ankoi% 
a  town  of  Afghan  Toorkistan,  capital  of  the  province  or 
oasis  of  Andkhoo,  one  of  the  "Four  Domains"  of  the 
eountry,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Husareh  Mountains,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Balkh.  It  is  on  on*-  of  the  great  commercial 
routes  between  Bokhara  and  Afghanistan.  Pop.,  composed 
of  Soonee  Mohammedans,  from  25,000  to  30,000. 

Andlan,  ind'lSw,  a  village  of  Germany,  Lower  Alsace, 
on  the  Andlau,  an  affluent  of  the  HI,  9  miles  N.N.W.  <rf 
Schlettstadt.     Pop.  2024. 


A.ndoain,  &n-do-ine',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay,  on  a 
railway,  6  miles  from  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1050. 

Andoen,  ind'o-§n  (i.e.,  "Duck  Island"),  one  of  the 
LofiFoden  Islands,  oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Norway,  20  miles  long 
and  10  miles  broad.     Lat.  69°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  15'  E. 

Andolsheim,  &n'dols-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  6H»'dorzSm'),  a 
village  of  Alsace,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Colmar.  It  has  a  con- 
sistorial  Protestant  church.     Pop.  970. 

Andora,&n-do'r&,  or  Marina  d'Andora,  m&-ree'n& 
din-do'rl,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of 
Genoa,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Alassio.     Pop.  1848. 

Andorno  Cacciorna,  &n-doR'no  k&t-choR'n&,  a  town 
of  Italy,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Cervo.  It  was  the 
birthplace  of  the  painter  Cagliari.     Pop.  2354. 

Andorossa,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Androussa. 

Andorra,  in-doR'ni  (Fr.  Andorre,  6N»^doRR'),  a  neu- 
tral country  with  the  name  of  a  republic,  situated  on  the  S. 
slope  of  the  Pyrenees,  between  the  French  department  of 
An6ge  and  the  Spanish  province  of  Lerida,  extending  from 
lat.  42°  22'  to  42°  43'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  1°  25'  to  1°  55'  E,, 
surrounded  by  high  mountains,  on  which  the  snow  lies  for 
six  months  in  the  year.  Area,  150  square  miles.  Its  cli- 
mate is  cold,  but  healthy ;  soil  unproductive  in  grain,  but 
contains  many  rich  mines  of  iron,  and  one  of  lead.  The 
government,  a  democracy,  is  vested  in  24  consuls,  elected  by 
the  whole  population.  It  is  nominally  subject  to  the  suze- 
rainty of  France  and  of  the  bishop  of  Urgel.  The  inhab 
itants,  mostly  shepherds,  speak  the  Catalan  language.  Pop. 
about  12,000.    The  independence  of  this  little  stato  dates 

from  Charlemagne,  in  790. Adj.  and  inhab.  Andorrese, 

an-doR-Reez'. 

Andorra,  a  small,  ancient  town,  capital  of  the  above 
republic,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Montelao*,  12  miles  N.  of  Urgel 
Pop.  about  1000.  1 

Andoaill^,  6H«Moo^ee^y&',  a  town  of  France,  depart      I 
ment  of  Mayenne,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Chailland.     Pop.  2960. 

An'dover,  a  borough  and  market-town  of  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Winchester.     Pop.  5653. 

An'dorer,  a  post-town  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  on  a  rail- 
road, 23  miles  E.  of  Hartford.   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  461. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  III.,  in  Andover 
township,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Galesburg.  It  has 
3  churches,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  of  township,  1767. 

Andover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway,  about  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Clinton.     Pop.  100. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  11  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Wichita.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  175. 

Andover,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.    It  has  several  starch-factories. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  in  An- 
dover township,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  about  10  miles  E.  of  Lowell.  It 
contains  a  savings-bank,  a  national  bank,  the  Abbott  Female 
Academy,  a  free  public  library  of  11,500  volumes,  and  a  lib- 
erally endowed  institution  called  Phillips  Academy,  which 
was  founded  in  1778,  and  has  an  attendance  of  about  350 
students  annually.  It  is  also  the  seat  of  Andover  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  which  was  founded  in  1807  and  is  under 
the  control  of  the  Congregationalists.  This  seminary  has 
an  endowment  of  $550,000  and  a  library  of  about  30,000 
volumes.  The  number  of  students  is  nearly  100,  and  the 
number  of  alumni  about  2000.  It  has  12  professors.  The 
seminary  and  academy  are  under  the  same  board  of  trustees, 
and  have  a  productive  property  of  about  $500,000,  and  an 
unproductive  property  of  about  $300,000. 

Andover  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mer- 
rimac  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lowell  <fc  Lawrence 
Railroad.  It  has  2  woollen-factories,  2  flax-milla,  and  9 
churches.  It  contains  also  villages  named  Ballard  Vale, 
Frye  Village,  and  West  Andover  Village.  From  Lowell 
Junction,  within  the  limits  of  this  town,  the  Lowell  & 
Andover  Railroad  extends  10  miles  to  Lowell.  Pop.  in 
1880,  6169;  in  1890,  6142. 

Andover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  18  miles 
from  Leon,  Iowa. 

Andover,  a  post-township  of  Merrimac  oo.,  N.H.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  is  contiguous  to  Mount  Kearsarge. 
It  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  paper,  Ac,  and  3 
churches.  Pop.  1206.  It  contains  villages  named  Andover, 
Potter  Place,  and  West  Andover.  Andover  Post-Office  is 
on  the  Northern  Railroad,  29  miles  from  Concord. 

Andover,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Andover 
township,  on  the  Sussex  and  the  Lehigh  &  Hudson  Rail- 
roads, 5  miles  S.  of  Newton.    It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 


AND 


497 


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several  stores,  a  shoe  manufactory,  and  other  business  aon- 
'cerns.  In  the  township  are  also  limestone-quarries  and 
Hron-minea.     Pop,  of  township  in  1890,  1126. 

Andover,  a  post- village  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  An- 
dover  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  76  miles  W.  of 
Elmira,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belmont.  It  has  3  or  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  grist-mill,  tan- 
nery, foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture. 
Pop.  about  800;  of  township,  1983. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in  An- 
dover  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Jefferson,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  wrought- 
iron  fence,  furniture,  crates,  &c.,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  (1890)  733;  of  township,  1519. 

Andover^  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Day  co.,  S.D., 
in  a  fine  agricultural  section,  at  the  junction  of  two  rail- 
roads, 29  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890, 
232 ;  of  township,  666. 

Andover,  a  post-township  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  about  28 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  lum- 
ber-mills.    Pop.  588. 

Andover,  or  TobiquC)  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  the  Tobique  River,  50  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.    Steamers 
ply  between  Andover  and  Woodstock.    Pop.  400. 
Andragery,  a  river  of  Sumatra.    See  Inbraoiri. 
Andraix,  &n-dr&'6H,  Andrache,  &n-drach,  or  An- 
draig,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Majorca,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Palma.     Pop.  about  2000. 
Andrapa,  the  ancient  name  of  Eir-Shehr. 
Andrarnm,  &n'dr&-rdSm,  a  town  of  Sweden,  26  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Christianstad,  with  alum-works.     Pop.  460. 

Andrava  (&n-dri'v&)  Bay,  Madagascar,  E.  coast,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Amber.  Lat.  (Berry  Head)  12°  66' 
8"  S. ;  Ion.  49o  56'  5"  E. 

Andreanov  (in-dri-in'ov)  or  Andreno'vian  Is- 
lands, a  group  of  thirty  islands  in  the  North  Pacific,  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  and  forming  the  central 
division  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.     Lat.  52°  57'  N. 

Andreasberg)  4n-dri'S,s-bfiRG^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  in  the  Harz  Mountains,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Elbin- 
gerode,  on  the  declivity  of  the  Andreasberg,  at  the  S.  foot 
of  the  Brocken,  1936  feet  above  the  sea.  It  owes  its  origin 
to  the  mines  of  iron,  silver,  lead,  copper,  cobalt,  and  arsenic, 
which  exist  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  3321. 

Andreeva,  in-dri'fi-vi'  ?  or  Enderi,  8n'der-ee',  a  town 
of  Russia  (Caucasus),  40  miles  S.  of  Eizliar.  It  is  the  prin- 
cipal town  of  a  Tartar  district,  loosely  governed  by  oniefs, 
but  really  subject  to  Russia.  There  are  here  some  Moslem 
seminaries.     Pop.  of  town,  about  12,000. 

Andreiev,  Andreief)  or  Andrejew,  4n-dri-yfiv',  a 
village  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Eielce.   P.  2540. 
AndrenoTian  Islands.    See  Andreanot. 
Andretta,  &nMrdt't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Apen- 
nines, province  and  33  miles  E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  4372. 

An'drew,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Missouri, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Platte  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  the  soil  is  productive.  It  contains  large  forests 
of  hard  timber,  including  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Eansas  City, 
St.  Joseph  &  Council  Blnfis  Railroad.  Capital,  Savannah. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,137;  in  1880,  16,318;  in  1890,  16,000. 

Andrew*  a  post-town  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Perry 
township,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  Lutheran  orphan  asylum,  several  stores,  and  manufac- 
tures of  dairy  products,  lumber,  carriages,  <fcc.  Pop.  350. 
Andrew  Chapel*  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Jackson. 

An'drews,  a  county  of  Texas,  bounded  W.  by  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  New  Mexico.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Llano  Esta- 
oado.  Its  surface  is  dotted  with  salt  and  alkaline  lakes. 
Chief  town,  Bernice. 

Andrews*  a  station  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Los  Angeles. 
Andrews,  a  post-town  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  River,  and  on  a  division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Huntington.  It  has  4  churches  and  manu- 
factures of  staves  and  lumber.     Pop.  1565. 

Andrews,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Wil- 
liamstown  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Atco. 

Andrews,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in  Congress 
township,  48  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Columbus.  It  has  a  church. 


Andrews,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Spottsylvania  Court-House. 

An'drews  In'stitute,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Ealb  co., 
Ala.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Fort  Payne  and  4  miles  from 
Collinsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
school  called  Andrews  Institute. 

An'drews  Set'tlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co., 
Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Coudersport.  It  has  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns.     Pop.  about  150. 

Andrews,  St.,  Scotland.    See  Saint  Andrews. 
An/drewsville,  a  mining  locality  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa., 
9  miles  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  on  the  Lehigh  Coal  <k  Navi- 
gation Co.'s  Railroad. 

Andrewsvilie,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario, 
2i  miles  from  Merrickville.     Pop.  100. 

Andrez6,  dN^Mr^h^zi',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Maine-et-Loire,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cholet.     Pop.  1400. 

Andria,  4n'dre-4,  a  town  of  Italy,  30  miles  W^N.W.  of 
Bari.     It  is  built  on  a  plain,  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has 
a  fine  old  cathedral,  a  college,  and  monta  de  piit4.     It  has  a 
trade  in  almonds.     Pop.  34,063. 
Andrichan,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Andrtchow. 
Andrinople,  the  French  for  Adrianople. 
Andritz,  in-dreets',  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  3 
miles  N.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  1767. 

Andritzena,  &n-drit-s4'n&,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  Mes- 
senia,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Eyparissia.  Pop.,  with  vicinity,  7345. 
Andro,  &n'dro,  or  Andros,  &n'ar5s,  an  island  of  the 
Greek  Archipelago,  the  northernmost  of  the  Cyolades,  is  25 
miles  long  and  6  miles  broad,  mountainous  and  fertile. 
Chief  town,  Andro ;  but  the  best  port  is  Gannon,  or  Q«,urio, 
on  the  W.     Pop.  19,674. 

Andro,  Andros,  or  Cas'tro,  a  town  of  Greece,  capi- 
tal of  the  island  and  eparchy  of  Andro,  on  the  E.  coast.  It  is 
the  see  of  Greek  and  Catholic  bishops ;  has  a  spacious  port 
for  small  craft,  and  manufactures  silks  and  carpets.  P.  5000. 
An^droscog'gin,  a  river  of  the  United  States,  is  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Magalloway  River  and  the  outlet  of 
Umbagog  Lake.  It  runs  southward  through  part  of  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  crosses  the  western  boundary  of  Maine,  and 
runs  nearly  eastward  through  Oxford  oo.  It  afterwards 
flows  southward  through  Androscoggin  oo.  and  enters  the 
Eennebec  River  about  18  miles  from  its  mouth  and  5 
miles  above  Bath.  Its  length  is  about  160  miles ;  drainage- 
area,  3600  square  miles.  Total  fall  of  Androscoggin  proper, 
1256  feet;  mean  discharge,  15,000,000  cubic  feet  per  hour. 
Androscoggin,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Maine, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Androscoggin  River,  which  affords  extensive  water- 
power,  and  it  contains  several  small  lakes.  A  large  portion 
of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  product- 
ive. Butter,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of 
the  land.  The  inhabitants  are  extensively  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  and  shoes.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  several  divisions  of  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  and  also  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Auburn.  Lewiston  is  the  largest  city,  besides 
which  there  are  several  important  manufacturing  towns. 
Pop.  in  1870,  35,866;  in  1880,  45,042;  in  1890,  48,968. 

Andros  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  is  90  miles  long 
and  from  10  to  40  miles  broad.  It  is  generally  low  and 
swampy,  and  is  subject  to  some  extent  to  overflow  from  the 
sea,  but  is  well  timbered,  and  exports  wood  and  sponges.  It 
is  often  spoken  of  as  a  group  of  islands,  since  the  lagoons  and 
marshes  divide  it  into  three  principal  and  many  minor  parts. 
Pop.  1366,  mostly  living  at  Red,  Bay,  in  the  N. 

Andros  Island,  a  fertile  island  of  4000  acres  in  the 
delta  of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento  Rivers,  Sacra- 
mento CO.,  Cal.  The  island  has  been  diked  against  floods. 
Post-Office,  Isleton. 

Androussa,  Andrusa,  &n-droo's&,  or  Andoros'sa, 

a  town  of  Greece,  in  Messenia,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ealamata. 

Andrychow,  &n-dree'Kov,  or   Andrichan,  &n'dre- 

k6w\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  5  miles  W.  of  Wadowice, 

on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  3766,  with  manufactures  of  linen. 

Andujar,  or  Anduxar,  4n-doo'Har  (anc.  niitur'gU), 
a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jaen,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Morena,  on  the  Guadalquivir.  A  fine 
road,  lined  with  trees,  leads  to  the  river.  Some  export  trade 
is  done  in  grain,  fruit,  and  cattle,  and  in  immense  numbers 
of  porous  pitchers,  bottles,  and  jars  for  cooling  water.  It 
is  an  unhealthy  town,  experiencing  great  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold.     Pop.  15,865. 

An^dulo',  a  country  of  Africa,  between  lat.  9°  40'  and 
11°  10'  S.  and  Ion.  16°  50'  and  17°  40'  E.  Area,  2400 
square  miles.  Pop.  40,000.  It  has  great  undulating  plains, 
with  much  forest,  and  its  peaceful  and  thrifty  inhabitants 


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498 


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export  wax  and  ivory.  The  chief  river,  the  Bale,  descends 
from  the  Bulum-Bulu  Steppe,  and  flows  N.  to  the  Kulatu, 
a  principal  affluent  of  the  Coanza. 

Anduze,  6N»Miiz',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  on  the  Gardon  d'Anduze,  6J  miles  S.W.  of  Alais. 
Pop.  5303.     It  has  manufactories  of  hats,  silk  twist,  Ac. 

An'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.Va.,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Martinsville. 

Anegada,  S,-ni-gi'di  (Sp.  for  "drowned"  island),  the 
northernmost  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  British  West  Indies. 
Area,  13  square  miles.  It  is  low  and  flat,  10  miles  long  and 
very  narrow.  Much  of  its  surface  is  liable  to  be  washed  by 
heavy  seas.  It  is  surrounded  by  dangerous  reefs,  and  pro- 
duces some  salt.  Pop.  380,  mostly  wreckers.  Lat.  19°  N.  j 
Ion.  between  64°  and  65°  W. 

Aueimudi,  or  Aneimadi.    See  Anauttllat  Hiua. 

Aiicityum  Island,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Annatom. 

An^ekallu',  An4kool',  or  AnUkal',  a  town  of 
India,  in  Mysore,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangalore.     Pop.  6612. 

Anesus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Enms. 

Anet,  i^ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Eure- 
et-Loir,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Dreux,  between  the  Eure  and  the 
Vesgre.  Pop.  1418.  Near  it  is  Ivry,  where  Henry  IV.,  in 
1 690,  gained  a  victory  over  the  armies  of  the  League. 

Anetj  i^ni'  (Ger.  Ins),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  from  Berne.     Pop.  1541. 

Aufe,  Ln'tih,  a  small  port  of  Morocco,  S.W.  of  Sale. 

Angam,  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  Anoauh. 

Angara,  Lng-gL-rk',  a  large  river  of  Siberia,  issues  from 
Lake  Baikal,  at  lat.  61°  30'  N.,  Ion.  102°  45'  E.,  and,  pass- 
ing the  town  of  Irkootsk,  pursues  a  N.  and  W.  course  for 
about  1000  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Yenisei.  One  of  tie 
tributaries  of  Lake  Baikal  is  called  the  Upper  Angara. 

Augaraes,  in-g&-r3.'ds,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  department  of  Huancavelica. 

Angaum,  &n-gawm',  or  Angam,  kn-gkm',  called  also 
Angar  and  Hengam,  an  inhabited  island  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  26°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  54'  E.  It 
is  from  6  to  8  miles  long. 

Angaziya,  or  Angazija,  &n-g&-zee'y&,  or  Great 
Comoro,  the  largest  of  the  Comoro  Islands.    See  CoHoao. 

Angecourt,  fiNzh'kooR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ardennes,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  650. 

Ange  Gardien,  6Nzh  gkr^d^-bs"',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  Canada,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  1049. 

Ange  Gardien,  Rouville  co.,  Quebec.  See  Canrobert. 

Angeja,  in-zhi'zh&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  Beira,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  2125. 

Angeles,  California.     See  Los  Angeles. 

Angeles,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Los  Angeles. 

Angelica,  an-jel'i-ka,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capi- 
tals of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Angelica  township,  on  a 
creek  of  the  same  name,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and 
20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hornellsville.  It  contains  5  churches, 
an  academy,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tannery, 
a  paper-mill,  grist-mill,  county  court-house,  jail,  &o.  Pop. 
953 ;  of  the  township,  1749.  The  Genesee  River  runs 
through  the  township. 

Angelica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Reading. 

Angelica,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Kama 
City  &  Butler  Railroad,  1^  miles  from  Kams  City. 

Angelica,  a  post-township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  4  large 
lumber-mills.      Pop.  236. 

Angelina,  an^jel-e'na,  a  river  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas, 
rises  in  Smith  county,  flows  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Angelina  and  Nacogdoches  counties,  and 
enters  the  Neches  River  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Woodville. 
Length  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Angelina,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Angelina  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Neches. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  mostly  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  traversed  by  two  rail- 
roads, which  meet  at  Luf  kin.  Cotton,  maize,  pork,  Ac, 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Homer.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3985;  in  1880,  5239;  in  1890,  6306. 

Angel  Island,  a  post-office  and  military  post  (Camp 
Reynolds)  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  small  island  in  the  harbor 
of  San  Francisco,  2  miles  from  Saucelito  Station. 

Angel] as,  the  ancient  name  of  Iznajar. 

An'gell's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Clyde. 

An  'ge  11  vill  e ,  hamlet,  Mooers  township,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y. 

Angeln,  ftng'Sln,  a  fertile  district  of  Prussia,  in  Sles- 


wick,  between  the  Sley  and  the  Flensburg  Fiord,  is  sup- 
posed to  take  its  name  from  the  Angles,  a  Low-German 
people  who  colonized  and  gave  its  name  to  England.  The 
inhabitants  speak  Danish,  and  are  a  hardy  and  industrious 
race.     Pop.  38,000. 

An'gelo,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  681. 

Angel  Peak,  Andes  Mountains.    See  Andes. 

An'gel's,  a  township  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1748. 

Angel's  Camp,  a  post- village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal., 
in  a  fine  fruit-growing  region,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  So- 
nera. It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  rich  mines 
of  gold-bearing  quartz,  whose  output  averages  $1,000,000 
annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  917. 

Angera,  in-ji'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
Lago  Maggiore,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  with  ruins  of  a 
castle,  and  numerous  Roman  antiquities.  The  vicinity  fur- 
nishes the  wine  called  rScca.     Pop.  2484. 

Angerap,  in'g§,-rip\  a  river  of  Eastern  Prussia,  rises 
in  the  Mauersee,  passes  Ajigerburg,  and  at  Insterburg  joins 
the  Inster  to  form  the  Pregel. 

Angerburg,  &ng'9r-b5dRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Mauersee.  It  has  normal  and 
deaf-mute  schools.     Pop.  4007. 

Angerlo,  irng'ser-W,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  9 
miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  1671. 

Angermann,  ong'^r-m&n,  a  river  of  Sweden,  rises 
near  the  border  of  Norway,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  N.  of  Hernosand.     Length,  120  miles. 

Angermannland,  ong'^r-m&n-l&nd,  or  Angerma- 
nia,  an  old  province  of  Sweden,  now  part  of  the  province 
of  Hernosand. 

Angermiinde,  Ang'^r-milu'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  42 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin,  on  Lake  Miinde.     Pop.  5569. 

Angern,  &ng'§rn,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1150. 

An^gero'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parkersburg,  and  5  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River.     It  has  a  church,  grist-mill,  saw-mill,  &o. 

Angers,  an'j^rz,  formerly  written  Angiers,  Fr.  pron. 
fiif^zhi'  (ano.  Juliom'agxM),  a  fortified  city  of  France,  capi- 
tal of  the  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Maine,  just 
below  the  junction  of  the  Sarthe  and  the  Mayenne,  and  4 
miles  N.  of  its  junction  with  the  Loire,  on  the  railway  from 
Tours  to  Nantes,  190  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.  Lat.  of  cathedral, 
47°  28'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  33'  10"  W.  Among  its  structures  are 
the  ruins  of  a  castle,  once  the  stronghold  of  the  Dukes  of 
Anjou,  now  a  powder-magazine,  several  fine  old  churches  and 
dwellings,  the  cathedral,  vestiges  of  a  Roman  aqueduct,  the 
Hospice  St.  Jean,  founded  by  Henry  II.  of  England,  and 
the  tower  of  St.  Austin.  The  Maine  divides  Angers  into  an 
upper  and  a  lower  town,  and  its  old  walls  are  converted  into 
boulevards,  planted  with  trees  and  lined  with  handsome 
houses.  It  has  several  rich  museums,  a  library  of  45,000 
volumes,  a  school  of  arts  and  trades,  a  school  of  painting,  a 
conservatory  of  music,  and  many  professional  and  other 
schools.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  is  the  seat  of  several 
learned  societies  of  high  repute.  It  has  manufactories  of 
linen  and  woollen  stuffs,  cotton  and  silk  twist,  and  hosiery, 
sugar  and  wax  refineries,  tanneries,  and  a  trade  in  wine, 
oorn,  and  slates.  Bemier  the  traveller  and  David  the 
Bculptor  were  natives  of  Angers.  The  population  was,  in 
1670,  about  50,000.  After  t£e  revocation  of  the  edict  of 
Nantes  it  gradually  declined,  and  in  1789,  before  the 
revolution,  was  27,596.  Since  1815  the  prosperity  of  the 
city  has  revived.     Pop.  in  1881,  68,041 ;  in  1891,  72,669. 

Angers,  6h»^i;1i4',  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Ottawa  River,  14  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  250. 

Angerville,  6N»^zhfirVeel',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Orleans, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Etampes.     Pop.  1550. 

Angerville,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  near  Havre.     Pop.  1025. 

Angerville,  a  village  or  France,  department  of  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  near  Yvetot.     Pop.  1346. 

Angey  Kyoong,  In'je  ke-oong',  an  island  of  India,  on 
the  Aracan  coast,  in  Hunter's  Bay,  is  18  miles  long  and  3 
miles  wide.  It  is  densely  wooded,  high,  and  uninhabited. 
Lat.  19°  47'-20°  4'  N.;  Ion.  93°  10'  E. 

Anghiari,  in-ghe-1're  (anc.  Gas'trum  Angula'ref),  a 
town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  7064. 

Anghiari,  or  Angiari,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the 
Adige,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Legnago.     Pop.  2132. 

Angicos,  &n-zhee'kooe,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  near  the  Conchas,  about  30  miles  from 
its  mouth.    Pop.  of  the  district,  2000. 

Angier,  a  town  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Anjer. 

Angiers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Angers. 


I 


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499 


ANG 


Angistri,   in-jis'tree,   or  Ankistri,  in-kia'tree,  an 

and  in  the  Gulf  of  ^gina,  5  miles  S.W.  of  ^gina. 

AngMior',  a  town  of  Siamese  Cambodia,  capital  of  a 
province  of  the  same  name,  is  5  miles  N.  of  the  famous 
ruins  of  Angkor-  or  Nakhor-Vat. 

Angles,  6H»^gl4s',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2680. 

Anglesea,  Sng'g'l-s^,  a  post-borough  and  sea-side  re- 
sort of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  Five  Mile  Beach  (Atlantic 
coast),  21  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cape  May  Court-House. 

Anglesey,  or  Angleseaj  ang'g'1-see  (anc.  Mo'na),  an 
Island  and  county  of  Wales,  in  the  Irish  Sea,  connected  with 
the  county  of  Carnarvon  by  bridges  across  Menai  Strait.  It 
is  20  miles  long  and  17  miles  broad.  Pop.  51,040.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile,  and  tolerably  well  cultivated  for  wheat,  bar- 
ley, and  oats,  which,  with  cattle,  fish,  copper,  and  lead,  are 
exported  to  Liverpool,  Ac.  Menai  Strait  is  crossed  by  a 
magnificent  suspension-bridge,  580  feet  between  the  piers 
and  100  feet  above  low-water  mark,  and  by  the  great  Bri- 
tannia tubular  bridge,  for  the  conveyance  of  railway  trains. 
Anglesea  is  the  Mo'na  of  Tacitus,  who  represents  it  as  the 
chief  seat  of  the  Druids  in  Britain,  and  it  has  numerous 
prehistoric  remains. 

Anglesey,  a  mining  village  of  Anglesey  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  on  the  river  Goulbum.  Lat.  37°  12'  S. ;  Ion. 
145°  43'  E.     Pop,  1030. 

Anglet,  6ii»^gli',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Basses-Pyr6n6es,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  3780. 

4.ngleterre,  the  French  name  of  England. 

Angleur,  6No^glor',  a  village  of  Belgium,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Liege,  lies  between  the  Mouse  and  Ourthe.     Pop.  1870. 

Angoisse,  fiso^gwice',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Dordogne,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  1130. 

Angol,  5.n-gol',  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Malleco,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Concepcion,  is  connected  by 
railway  with  San  Rosendo,  60  miles  distant.     Pop.  19,095. 

Angola,  an-go'la,  formerly  Don'go  or  Ambonde, 
Am-bon'di,  a  Portuguese  colony  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
extending  from  about  lat.  5°  S.,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Congo  River,  to  the  river  Cunene,  in  lat.  17°  S.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Congo  Free  State.  The  coun- 
try is  flat  and  sterile  along  the  coast,  but  moderately  moun- 
tainous in  the  interior.  It  is  copiously  watered  by  various 
rivers,  with  their  numerous  tributaries.  Among  the  former 
are  the  Coanza,  the  Bengo,  and  the  Danda.  The  nights  are 
cool,  and  the  dews  sufficiently  copious  to  promote  vegetation. 
Iron  ore  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  country ;  gold  and 
copper  also  exist,  but  the  main  exports  consist  of  palm-oil, 
coffee,  gum,  and  ivory.  Angola  long  possessed  an  infamous 
notoriety  for  the  extent  of  its  slave-trade.  The  coast  of 
Angola  was  discovered  in  1486  by  the  Portuguese,  who  seon 
after  began  to  form  settlements  on  the  Congo  and  at  vari- 
ous points  S.  of  that  river.  They  have  a  number  of  forts 
and  commercial  establishments  at  different  places,  in  some 
instances  several  hundreds  of  miles  in  the  interior,  where 
the  Portuguese  colonists  and  natives  meet  for  the  purpose 
of  trading.  Since  1887,  when  the  colony  was  enlarged  by 
a  treaty  with  the  Congo  Free  State,  Angola  consists  of 
4  districts, — Congo,  Loanda,  Benguela,  and  Mossamedes. 
Estimated  area,  312,000  square  miles.     Pop.  2,060,000. 

Angola,  an-go'lah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del., 
on  or  near  the  sea,  about  44  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Dover. 

Angola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  42  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  a  normal  school,  and  a  machine- 
shop.     Two  weekly  papers  are  issued  here.     Pop.  1840. 

Angola,  a  post-village  of  West  Feliciana  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  below  Natchez, 
Miss.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Angola,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Evans 
township,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  about  2 
miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture, 
sash,  blinds,  &c.     Pop.  600. 

Angola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Angola  Bay  Swamp,  an  extensive  marsh  in  New 
Hanover,  Diiplin,  and  Onslow  cos.,  N.C.,  separated  on  the 
S.  by  Holly  Shelter  Creek  from  the  Holly  Shelter  Swamp. 

Angolalla,  &n-go-l&ri&,  or  Angolala,  a  town  of 
Abyssinia,  in  Shoa,  17  miles  W.  of  Ankober.  It  holds  the 
second  rank  as  the  favorite  residence  of  the  sovereign. 

Angool,  Angul,  or  Ungool,  un-gool',  a  native  state 
of  Orissa,  India,  under  British  control,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Central  Provinces,  E.  by  Talcher  and  Hindole,  S.  by  Nur- 
rinhpoor,  S.W.  by  the  Mahanuddy,  and  W.  by  Athmullik. 
Area,  811  square  miles.     Pop.  78,374.     Capital,  Angool. 


Angora,  an-go'ra  or  an-goo'ra  (Turk.  EngooroT  Engour, 
fin-gooR' ;  anc.  Anci/'ra),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  215  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Constantinople.  Lat.  40°  29'  N.;  Ion.  33°  20'  E. 
It  is  surrounded  with  ruined  walls,  and  contains  a  dilapi- 
dated castle.  There  are  17  or  18  khans,  and  a  market-place, 
once  handsome,  but  now  in  ruins,  considerable  remains  of 
Byzantine  architecture,  and  a  few  relics  of  earlier  times, 
both  Greek  and  Roman.  Angora  is  celebrated  for  the  long- 
haired goats  bred  in  its  vicinity,  the  wool  of  which  is  largely 
exported.  The  items  of  export  next  in  importance  are  me- 
rino twist  and  goats'  hides,  dyestuffs,  mastic,  tragacanth, 
and  other  gums ;  also  honey  and  wax.  Angora  is  the  seat 
of  a  Greek  and  a  Catholic  Armenian  bishop.  The  popula- 
tion has  been  variously  estimated,  but  is  probably  about 
35,000,  of  whom  nearly  10,000  are  Greeks  and  Armenians. 

Angora,  a  mountainous  vilayet  or  province  of  Turkey, 
in  Asia  Minor,  divided  into  16  districts.  It  lia£  many  fer- 
tile valleys,  exports  mohair  (sheared  from  the  famous  An- 
gora goats),  wool,  gum  tragacanth,  opium,  and  yellow-ber- 
ries. Area,  26,650  square  miles.  Capital,  Angora.  The 
population,  which  in  1864  numbered  514,080,  was  much 
diminished  by  the  famines  of  1874-76. 

Ango'ra,  a  station  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Angornoo,  Angornon,  or  Angornu,  &n-gor-noo', 
written  also  Angornow,  a  town  of  Borneo,  Central  Africa, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Kooka,  near  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Chad. 
Pop.  30,000.  Though  only  a  straggling  collection  of  mud 
cabins,  it  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  in  slaves,  cotton, 
amber,  coral,  metals,  &c. 

Angosta,  in-gos'ti,  Angozha,  Angoxa,  in-go'- 
shi,  or  Angoche,  in-go'shi,  a  small  country  of  East  Africa, 
claimed  by  Portugal,  has  a  coast-line  of  90  miles,  and  lies 
chiefly  in  the  valley  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  which  is 
navigable  180  miles.  It  produces  cocoa  and  sesame  oils, 
coir,  peanuts,  ivory,  copal,  and  archil.  Capital,  Angosta,  a 
town  of  1000  inhabitajits,  on  the  river  Angosta,  12  miles 
from  the  sea,  lat.  16°  S.,  Ion.  39°  45'  E.  The  people  are 
mostly  Arabs.  Off  the  coast  are  the  Angosta  coral  islands, 
small,  low,  and  well  wooded. 

Angostura,  &n-gos-too'r&,  now  called  Cindad  Boii* 
var,  se-oo-did'  bo-lee'vaR,  an  important  commercial  town 
of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Bolivar.  The  city  is 
situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Orinoco  River,  373  miles 
by  water  from  the  sea.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco  to 
this  city  the  voyage  occupies  from  20  to  25  days ;  back 
again,  from  5  to  15  days.  Angostura  exports  cotton,  indigo, 
tobacco,  coffee,  cattle,  &o.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  con- 
tains a  college,  cathedral,  custom-house,  hospital,  masonic 
temple,  Ac.    Pop.  11,686. 

Angonldme,  fiNo^goo^lim'  or  ftN»^gooMaim'  (ano.  Tncn- 
lis'ma  or  Iculit'ma),  a  city  in  the  W.  of  France,  capital 
of  the  department  of  Charente,  on  the  Charente,  and  on 
a  railway,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  25,116.  It 
is  situated  on  an  isolated  hill,  200  feet  above  the  river,  and, 
being  built  of  white  stone,  has  a  clean,  cheerful  appearance. 
It  has  an  old  castle,  a  cathedral,  court-house,  theatre,  pub- 
lic library,  hospitals,  a  royal  college,  numerous  paper-mills, 
distilleries,  a  cannon-foundry,  manufactures  of  serges  and 
earthenware,  and  an  extensive  trade,  facilitated  by  a  small 
port  on  the  Charente. 

Angoumois,  fiN»^goo^mw4',  an  old  province  of  France, 
of  which  the  capital  was  Angoulfime,  now  forming  the  de- 
partment of  Charente  and  part  of  Dordogne. 

Angoxa,  or  Angozha.    See  Angosta. 

Angoy',  or  N'goi'o,  a  small  native  state  of  West 
Africa,  bounded  W.  by  the  sea,  and  S.  by  the  river  Congo. 
Chief  towns,  Cabenda  and  Embomma. 

Angra,  ing'gri,  a  Portuguese  word  signifying  a  "creek," 
"  bay,"  or  "  station  for  ships." 

Angra,  &ng'gr&,  a  seaport  town  belonging  to  Portugal, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Teroeira,  and  capital  of  the  Azores  Islands. 
Lat.  of  custom-house,  38°  38'  9"  N.;  Ion.  27°  13'  7"  W.  It 
is  well  built  and  regular,  and  its  situation  beautiful.  There 
are  here  magazines  of  stores  for  the  use  of  the  navy,  and 
for  merchant-vessels  in  distress.  Angra  is  the  seat  of  the 
local  government,  and  of  a  bishop's  court,  which  extends  its 
jurisdiction  over  all  the  Azores.  Its  harbor  is  the  only 
good  one  la  the  island.  Its  chief  exports  are  wine,  grain, 
and  fruits.     Pop.  11,281. 

Angrab,  In-grib',  a  river  of  Abyssinia,  taking  its  rise 
in  Dcmbea,  falls  into  the  Tacazze  in  lat.  14°  20'  N. 

Angra  de  Cintra  (ing'gri  di  seen'tri)  Bay  is  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Africa.  The  S.  part  of  the  bay  is  in  lat.  22° 
58'  N.,  Ion.  16°  30'  W.     Its  extent  inland  is  about  4  miles. 

Angra  dos  Reis  (or  Reyes),  4ng'gr4  doce  ri'is  (or 
rize),  a  seaport  of  Brazil,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  70 


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miles  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Lat.  23°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  44°  30'  E. 
The  bay  affords  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels. 

Angra  Pequefia  (or  Pequenha),  Ang'gri  pi-kin'y4 
(i.e.,  "  little  bay"),  or  Santa  Cruz,  sin'ti-crooce,  a  bay  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  lat.  26°  38'  18"  S.,  Ion.  15°  E. 

An^grazabad',  or  English  Bazaar,  the  chief  town 
of  the  Maldah  district,  Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Mahananda,  55  miles  N.  of  Moorshedabad.  It  has  a  for- 
tified magistrate's  house  and  a  large  trade  in  provisions. 
Pop.  12,859. 

Angri,  in'gree,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  railway  from 
Naples  to  Nocera,  province  and  Hi  miles  N.W.  of  Salerno. 
Pop.  10,332. 

Angrogna,  in-gr5n'yl,  a  town  of  Italy,  37  miles  S.W. 
)f  Turin.     Pop.  2434. 

Angnilla,  ang-ghil'la  (Sp.  Anguila,  ftn-ghee'13.),  or 
Snake  Island*  one  of  the  British  West  India  islands. 
Leeward  Group,  8  miles  N.  of  St.  Martin.  Area,  35  square 
miles.  Pop.  2773.  Off  its  N.B.  coast  is  the  little  island 
Anguilletta. 

Angnil'la,  a  post-town  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss.,  33  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Elizabeth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Angnillara,  &n-gwil-l&'r&,  a  village  of  Korthem  Italy, 
23  miles  S.  of  Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  3987. 

Angnillara,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles 
N.W.  of  Rome,  on  Lake  Bracciano.     Pop.  880. 

Angola,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Ongole. 

Angus,  ang'gus,  the  old  name  of  Forfarshire,  Scotland. 
Its  titular  earldom  belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Hamilton. 

Angus,  ang'guSj  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
73  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.    Pop.  400. 

Angus,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Boone  oo.,  Iowa'  49 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4  oharohes  and  a 
bank.     Pop.  1000. 

Anhalt,  &n'h&lt,  a  duchy  of  Germany,  surrounded  by 
Prussian  territory,  chiefly  between  lat.  51°  and  62°  N.  and 
Ion.  11°  and  13°  E.  Area,  906  square  miles.  It  consists 
of  two  principal  and  four  smaller  parts,  all  detached  from 
one  another.  The  reigning  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in 
Europe.  The  title  of  Prince  of  Anhalt  was  first  conferred 
in  1213,  and  in  1586  four  ducal  lines  were  established.  The 
line  of  Anhalt-Zerbst  became  extinct  in  1793 ;  that  of  An- 
halt-Eothen  in  1847 ;  the  male  line  of  Anhalt-Bemburg  in 
1863 ;  since  which  time  the  former  line  of  Anhalt-Dessau 
has  ruled  the  reunited  state.  The  country  is  agricultural, 
but  the  mountainous  parts  of  the  W.  afford  timber  and 
metals.  The  people  are  mostly  Protestants,  and  elect  36 
representatives  to  a  diet.  Chief  towns,  Dessau,  the  capital, 
Bemburg,  and  Kothen.     Pop.  in  1890,  271,956. 

Anhanduhy-Mirim,  an-y4n-doo-ee'  me-reeii«',  and 
Anhanduhy  -  Gnazn,  in-yin-doo-ee'  gw4-zoo',  two 
rivers  in  Brazil,  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  rising  in  the  Serra 
Galhano,  within  about  20  miles  of  each  other,  and  falling 
into  the  Rio  Vermelho,  the  former  about  lat.  20°  30'  S.,  the 
latter  in  lat.  21°  20'  S. ;  the  course  of  the  one  being  about 
150  miles,  and  that  of  the  other  200  miles.        • 

Anhemby,  or  Anhembi.    See  Tietb. 

Anholt,  in'h&lt,  an  island  of  Denmark,  N.  of  Jutland, 
in  the  Cattegat.  Lat.  of  the  light-house  at  its  N.E.  ex- 
tremity, 56°  44'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  11°  39'  8"  B.  It  is  7  miles 
in  length,  by  4  in  breadth.     Pop.  200. 

Anholt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Yssel,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Cloves.  Pop.  1715.  It  is 
the  residence  of  the  Princes  of  Salm-Salm. 

Anhoui,  a  province  of  China.     See  Ngan-Hoei. 

Ani,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Anni. 

Aniakchak  (i'ne-ak-chak)  Bay,  Alaska,  enters  the 
peninsula  of  Aliaska  from  the  S.E.  Lat.  56°  45'  N. :  Ion. 
157°  W. 

Aniane,  i^ne-in',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
H^rault,  on  the  CorbiSres,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpellier. 
Its  old  abbey  is  now  a  prison.  It  has  manufactures  of 
leather,  cottons,  soaps,  essences,  and  chemicals.     Pop.  3312. 

Aniba,  a,-ne-b3,',  a  small  river  of  Brazilian  Guiana. 
After  a  course  of  100  miles,  it  forms,  with  other  small  afflu- 
ents of  the  Amazon,  the  island  of  Ramos,  in  lat.  2°  36'  S. 

Aniche,  i^neesh',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Douai,  with  extensive  coal-mines, 
glass-works,  sugar-mills,  and  chemical  works.     Pop.  4501. 

Anicnns,  4-ne-koons',  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Goyaz,  rises  in  the  Serra  Escalvada,  and,  after  a  course  of 
about  200  miles,  falls  into  the  Curumba. 

Anieh,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Anizbh. 

Aniene,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Teverone. 

Anilore,  4-ne-lo'ri,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Par^,  falls  into  the  Madeira,  lat.  5°  10'  S.,  Ion.  60°  40'  W 
after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  about  130  miles.  ' 


Animally,  or  Animalaya,  India.    See  Axahdllay. 

■  An'imas,  a  post-village  of  La  Plata  co..  Col.,  ou  the 
Animas  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Silverton.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  coke.     Coal  is  found  near  it. 

Animas  Forks,  a  post-village  of  San  Juan  co.,  Col., 
about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Silverton.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains  and  rich  silver-mines.  It  has  concentration 
works,  2  saw-mills,  a  smelting-fumace,  Ac.  It  is  chiefly 
supported  by  mining  silver. 

Animas  River,  or  Rio  Animas,  Col.,  rises  near  the 
San  Juan  Mountains,  runs  southward  through  La  Plata  co., 
and  enters  the  Rio  de  San  Juan  in  Taos  co..  New  Mexico. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long,  and  is  a  clear,  rapid  mountain- 
stream.     Coal  is  found  in  the  valley  of  this  river. 

Anifton,  4-neen-y5n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  45 
miles  from  Saragossa.     Pop.  1738. 
Anio,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Teyeronb. 

Anio,  4'ne-o,  or  Agno,  4n'yo,  a  river  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Gaeta. 

Aniooy,  4-ne-oo'i,  or  Aniig  or  Aniuy,  4n-yoo'i, 
Greater  and  Lesser,  two  rivers  in  the  N.E.  of  Siberia, 
country  of  the  Chookchees.  They  each  have  a  northerly 
course  of  250  miles  or  more,  and  join  the  Kolyma  River  at 
nearly  the  same  point. 

Anisus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Enxs. 

Anita,  an-ee't%,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  68  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Des  Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  graded  public  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  695. 

Ani'wa,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Antigo,  and  34  miles  direct  N.W.  of  Shawano. 
It  has  a  church,  several  saw-mills,  stores,  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  686. 

Anizeh,  4^nee'z4h,  or  Hanifahf  h4-nee'fa,  a  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  lat.  26°  34'  N.,  Ion.  43°  25'  E.,  at  the 
junction  of  several  caravan  routes,  is  a  place  of  considerable 
commercial  importance.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  Abd-ul- 
Wahab,  founder  of  the  sect  of  Wahabees.  Pop.  about  30,000. 
Anizeh  or  Anezeh  is  also  the  name  of  a  great  Bedouin 
tribe  of  Northern  and  Central  Arabia  and  of  Syria. 

Ai^ar,  4n^jar',  an  uninhabited  island  of  the  Persian 
Gulf,  S.W.  of  Kishm.     Lat.  26°  41'  N.  ,■  Ion.  55°  56'  E. 

An\jar',  a  district  and  fortified  town  of  West  Hindo- 
stan,  in  Cutch,  the  town  and  fort  situated  10  miles  from  the 
Gulf  of  Cutch.     Pop.  of  the  town,  10,000. 

Aivje-Diva,  4n-j§h-dee'va,  or  Anjadee'pa,  an  island 
on  the  Malabar  coast,  in  lat.  14°  45'  N.,  Ion.  74°  15'  B. 
It  is  1  mile  long,  and  belongs  to  Portugal. 

Anjenga,  4n-jeng'ga,  or  Ai^ntenga,  4n-joo-teng'ga, 
a  seaport  of  India,  in  Travancore,  about  70  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Cape  Comorin,  in  lat.  8°  39'  9"  N.,  Ion.  76°  45'  E. 

Anjer,  4n'y9r,  written  also  Aiyier,  a  seaport  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Java,  in  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  was  totally 
destroyed  in  1883  by  floods,  which  followed  a  volcanic 
eruption  on  the  neighboring  island  of  Krakatoa. 

Anjos,  4n'zhoce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  on  a  branch  of  the  Jacuhy.     Pop.  2653. 

Anjon,  an'joo,  or  an-joo'  (Fr.  pron.  ftuo^zhoo'),  an  old 
province  of  France,  intersected  by  the  Loire,  and  now  form- 
ing the  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  and  parts  of  Sarthe, 
Mayenne,  and  Indre-et-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Angers. 

Anjutenga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Anjexoa. 

An^kapil'ly,  a  considerable  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  24  miles  W.  of  Vizagapatam. 

Ankara,  4n-k4'r4,  a  country  in  the  N.  end  of  the  island 
of  Madagascar,  extending  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  from 
Cape  Amber  to  lat.  14°  25'  S.,  and  on  the  W.  side  to  the 
river  Samberanoo.  The  country  is  generally  elevated, 
formed  by  small  hills  and  plateaus,  and  cut  by  deep  ravines. 
The  coasts  are  deeply  indented  with  extensive  well-sheltered 
bays.  Agriculture  and  cattle-raising  are  the  chief  occupa- 
tions of  the  inhabitants. 

Ankassgerry,  4n-k4s-gh4r'ree,  or  Ankosgerry,  a 
town  of  Hindostan,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bangalore. 

Ankeny,  ang'k^-ne,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Polk 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Ankenytown,  ang'k§-ne-t5wn\  a  station  in  Knox  co., 
0.,  on  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  <fc  Newark  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Mt.  Vernon. 

Ankkoui,  a  town  of  Tartary.     See  Andkhoo. 

Anklam,  or  Anclam,  4n'kl4m,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
Pomerania,  47  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Peene, 
7  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Stettiner  Haff.    Pop.  11,440. 

Ankleswar,  Qn^kl4-swur',  Anklesar,  or  IJngley- 
sur,  un^gl4-sur',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  5  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Baroach.     Pop.  9414 


ANK 


501 


ANN 


Ankober,  Ancober,  or  Ankobar,  d,n-ko'b9r,  a  town 
of  Abyssinia,  in  Shea,  on  a  mountain,  near  lat.  9°  34'  N. 
and  Ion.  39°  53'  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  8198  feet.  Pop.  es- 
timated at  15,000.  It  consists  of  clusters  of  thatched  houses, 
enclosed  by  stockades,  and  interspersed  with  trees.  Chief 
buildings,  a  royal  residence,  and  several  churches. 

Ankoi,  a  town  of  Tartary.    See  Andkhoo. 

Ankova,  in-ko'vi,  or  Imerina,  e-mi-ree'nl,  a  prov- 
ince of  Madagascar,  occupying  the  centre  of  the  island,  and 
the  most  powerful  of  all  the  states  in  it.  It  is  destitute  of 
wood,  and  of  roads  or  other  means  of  conveyance,  a  fact 
which  confines  the  consumption  of  its  produce,  chiefly  rice 
and  cotton,  to  the  inhabitants. 

Anloo,  in-l5',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Drenthe,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Assen.     P.,  with  commune,  3073. 

Ann,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  202. 

Anna,  &n'n&,  or  Ana,  &'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  41  milee 
8.W  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1660. 

Anna,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Anah. 

Anna,  3,n'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Fort  Smith,  and  near  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Fran- 
cisco Railroad. 

Anna,  a  thriving  post-village  of  Union  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  21  miles 
S.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  a  bank,  9  churches,  an  academy, 
a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  a  pottery,  a  lime-kiln, 
and  a  large  steam  fruit-drying  establishment.  A  state 
lunatic  asylum  with  1000  inmates  is  located  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2295. 

Anna,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  S.  line  of 
Dinsmore  township,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 49  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  roller-process 
flour-mill,  2  hotels,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  2  grain-ware- 
houses.    Pop.  in  1890,  527. 

Anna,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Current  Island. 

Anna,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Sherman.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

An'naberg^  (6er.  pron.  &n'n9.-b£RG^),  a  mining  town 
of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  in  Erzgebirge,  on  a  railway,  18 
miles  S.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  11,693.  It  has  mines  of  silver, 
tin,  and  cobalt,  manufactories  of  fine  lace  and  silk  ribbons, 
a  lyceum,  and  a  good  library.  Annaberg  is  also  the  name 
of  numerous  places  throughout  Germany. 

Annabona,  an  African  island.    See  Annobon. 

Annaburg,  &n'n&-bd5RG^,  a  market-town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  12  miles  N.  of  Torgau,  haa  an  asylum  for  soldiers' 
children.     Pop.  1399 ;  of  the  asylum  and  royal  castle,  485. 

An'nadale,  a  hamlet  in  Westfield  township,  Richmond 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Edgewater. 

Annagance,  an^na-gans',  a  post-village  in  Kings  co., 
New  Brunswick,  60  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  John.    Pop.  100. 

Annagh,  &n-n9.',  two  islands  of  Ireland,  province  of 
Connaught,  co.  of  Mayo ;  one  between  the  island  of  Aohill 
and  the  mainland,  and  the  other  in  Loch  Conn. 

Annah,  a  town  of  Turkey.    Bee  Anah. 

An'naly,  a  township  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal.    Pop.  2374. 

An'nam,  or  An'am,  sometimes  called  Co'chin- 
Chi'na,  a  nominal  kingdom  of  southeastern  Asia,  since 
1884  a  French  protectorate,  and  virtually  a  division  of 
French  Indo-China,  is  situated  on  the  China  Sea,  and  ex- 
tends from  Tonquin  on  the  N.  to  French  Coohin-China  on 
the  S.,  and  from  Siam  and  Cambodia  on  the  W.  to  the  sea 
on  the  E.  It  is  about  90  miles  in  breadth,  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  a  range  of  barren  mountains.  The  country  for  10 
miles  inland  is  generally  sterile,  but  contains  many  fertile 
spots.  Its  sandy  soil  also  bears  productions  peculiar  to 
this  region :  the  eagle-wood  attains  greater  perfection  here 
than  anywhere  else.  In  the  more  favored  districts,  grain, 
leguminous  plants,  sugar,  and  cinnamon  are  produced  in 
abundance.  The  coast  is  indented  with  numerous  bays, 
backed  by  mountains  which  rise  to  a  height  of  several 
thousand  feet  and  are  broken  into  innumerable  valleys  and 
ravines.  There  are  a  number  of  rivers,  but  none  of  much 
importance.  Area  of  Annam  proper,  27,020  square  miles, 
besides  which  there  is  a  territory  more  or  less  dependent 
of  19,300  square  miles.  The  population  is  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  2,000,000  to  5,000,000,  the  latter  being  con- 
sidered by  the  best  authorities  the  more  probable  approxi- 
mation to  the  true  number.  The  inhabitants  are  Annamese 
in  the  towns  and  along  the  coast,  but  in  the  hill  tracts  back 
from  the  seas  are  various  tribes  of  MoXs  of  indigenous 
descent  unmixed  with  Chinese  blood.  In  religion  the 
natives  are  chiefly  Booddhists,  though  there  are  in  Annam 
420,000  Roman  Catholics.     The  mass  of  the  people  are 


subject  to  the  most  abject  superstition.  Veneration  for  the 
departed  dead  is  general;  and  the  temples  containing  their 
tablets  are  the  most  sacred  spots  of  worship.  There  are 
about  25,000  soldiers,  nearly  one-half  of  whom  are  natives. 
The  language  of  the  country  bears  a  close  resemblance  to 
the  Chinese.  It  is  without  inflection,  and  consists  chiefly 
of  monsyllabio  words,  by  no  means  mellifluous,  which  are 
pronounced  in  high  tones  and  with  great  rapidity  by  the 
natives.  In  writing,  they  use  the  Chinese  character.  Mar- 
riage is  a  matter  of  traffic.  Polygamy  is  allowed,  but  the 
first  espoused  is  considered  the  true  wife. 

By  a  treaty  made  in  1884  and  ratified  in  1886  French 
protection  was  established  over  the  kingdom  of  Annam. 
The  young  prince  Bun  Can  was  proclaimed  king  January  3, 
1889.  The  ports  of  Turane,  Qui-Nhon,  and  Xuan  Day 
have  been  opened  to  European  commerce,  the  first  named 
having  been  conceded  to  France.  French  troops  occupy 
part  of  the  citadel  of  Hu^,  the  capital.  Annamese  func- 
tionaries administer  all  the  internal  afiairs  of  the  kingdom. 
A  French  company  was  formed  in  1891  for  working  coal- 
mines at  Turane.  The  chief  productions,  besides  the  cereals 
and  fruits  common  to  South  Asia,  are  cinnamon-bark,  cot- 
ton, sugar,  tea,  cofi'ee,  and  tobacco,  of  which  there  are  con- 
siderable exports.  The  chief  imports  are  rice,  yarns,  opium, 
and  paper,  all  from  Japan  and  China. 

The  territory  comprised  in  the  old  kingdom  of  Annam, 
embracing  the  present  kingdom  of  that  name,  the  province 
of  Tonquin,  and  presumably  the  whole  of  what  is  now 
recognized  as  French  Indo-China,  is  said  to  have  belonged 
to  China  from  234  b.c.  to  1428  a.d.,  when  it  became  an 
independent  kingdom.  Subsequently  frequent  internal  dis- 
sensions occurred,  resulting  in  the  dismemberment  of  the 
kingdom,  until  in  1787  assistance  was  asked  and  received 
of  France  by  a  dethroned  king,  which  has  resulted  in  the 
establishment  of  French  influence  there  and  the  virtual 
absorption  of  the  kingdom  by  France.  See  French  Indo- 
China. 

Annamaboe,  in  Africa.    See  Anahaboe. 

Anna  Alines,  a  station  in  Athens  township,  St.  Clair 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Belleville  &  Southern  Illinoia 
Railroad,  31  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis.     Coal  is  obtained  here. 

An^namoo'ko,  called  also  Namoo'ka,  or  Rot'ter- 
dam  Island,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  20°  15' 
S. ;  Ion.  175°  2'  W.  The  people  are  Protestant  Christian* 
and  number  2000. 

An'nan,  a  borough,  seaport,  and  railway  junction  of 
Scotland,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dumfries,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  1^  miles  from  the  Solway  Firth,  has  cotton- 
mills,  ship-yards,  and  a  coasting-trade.     Pop.  3177. 

An'nandale,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  51 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Annandale,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
50  miles  from  Jersey  City,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Tren- 
ton. It  has  3  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  about  500. 

Annandale,  or  Anandale,  a  post- village  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  95  miles  N.  of  New 
York,  and  2  miles  from  Barrytown  Station.  Here  is  St. 
Stephen's  College  (Episcopal).     Pop.  347. 

Annandale,  a  village,  Pennsylvania.    See  Anandale. 

Annandale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  oo.,  Va.,  3  miles 
from  Springfield  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Annandale,  or  Grand  River  Wharf,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  Grand  River, 
10  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

Annap'olis,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  expands  at  its 
mouth  into  a  wide  estuary  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
after  a  course  of  about  70  miles.     It  abounds  with  salmon. 

Annap'olis,  a  post- village  of  Crawford  co..  111.,  in  Lick- 
ing township,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Robinson.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  160. 

Annapolis,  a  post-village  of  Parke  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Penn 
township,  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  pumps  and 
stoneware.     Pop.  279. 

Annapolis,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital  of  Mary- 
land and  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  is  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the 
Severn  River,  2  or  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake 
Bay,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Baltimore,  and  about  40  miles 
by  railroad  E.  by  N.  from  Washington.  Lat.  38°  58'  60" 
N. ;  Ion.  76°  30'  W.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Annapolis, 
Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the 
Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad.  It 
contains  the  governor's  house,  a  fine  state-house,  6  churches, 
2  national  banks,  the  United  States  Naval  Academy,  St. 


ANN 


502 


ANN 


John's  College  (which  was  founded  in  1789),  a  house  of  the 
Redemptorists,  a  convent,  Ac.  One  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  naval  academy  was 
established  here  in  1845,  was  removed  during  the  civil  war, 
and  was  re-established  in  1865.  Annapolis  has  12  oyster- 
packing  establishments.  This  town  waa  founded  about 
1649,  and  was  first  called  Providence.  In  1708  it  was 
ohartered  as  a  city,  and  received  the  name  of  Annapolis  in 
honor  of  Queen  Anne.     Pop.  in  1880,  6642 ;  in  1890,  7604. 

Annapolis,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  on  Big 
Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  108  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

AnnapoIiSf  a  borough  in  Liberty  township,  Crawford 
CO.,  0.,  68  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  printing-office,  and  3  schools.  Pop.  253.  Here  is  Sul- 
phur Spring  Post-Office. 

Annapolis,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.,  0.,  about  128 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  and  1  steam- 
miU.     Pop.  139. 

Annapolis,  formerly  Port  Royal,  a  port  of  entry 
of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Annapolis,  a  fine 
inlet  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  129  miles  W.  of  Halifax.  It  is 
the  most  ancient  settlement  in  this  part  of  North  America, 
having  been  founded  in  1604  by  De  Monts,  a  Frenchman. 
In  the  time  of  Queen  Anne  it  was  occupied  by  the  British, 
whence  the  name  of  Annapolis,  or  City  of  Anne.  It  waa  the 
seat  of  government  until  1749.  It  has  railway  commma- 
nication  with  Halifax  and  Yarmouth,  and  daily  steam  com- 
munication with  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  distant  63  miles. 
It  has  2  branch  banks,  a  Dominion  savings-bank,  a  weekly 
newspaper,  9  hotels,  and  about  30  stores.  Ship-buildi«g 
is  largely  engaged  in.     Pop.  (1891)  959. 

Annapolis,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  having  the  Bay 
of  Fundy  for  its  N.  boundary.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wind- 
sor &  Annapolis  Railway.  The  land  is  of  very  superior 
quality,  consisting  of  diked  salt  marsh,  intervale,  and  up- 
land.    Area,  1350  square  miles.     Pop.  (1891)  19,360. 

Annapolis  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  oo., 
Md.,  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Annapolis,  Baltimore  & 
Washington  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  20 
miles  from  Annapolis. 

Annapolis  Royal,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Annapolis. 

Anuappes,  in^n&p',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Lannoy,  and  on  the  Lille-Tournay 
Railway.     Pop.  2307. 

Ann  Ar'bor,  a  city  of  Michigan,  and  the  capital  of 
Washtenaw  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Huron  River, 
and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  De- 
troit, 38  miles  E.  of  Jackson,  and  246  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Chicago.  It  has  13  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  savings- 
banks,  a  high-school  building  which  cost  $90,000,  several 
large  hotels,  3  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural 
implements,  carriages,  furniture,  paper,  woollen  goods,  sash, 
blinds,  also  a  street  electric  railway  system,  gas-  and  electric- 
light-works,  and  many  fine  residences,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  which  was  founded  in  1837 
and  is  liberally  endowed  by  the  state,  having  an  annual 
income  of  about  $400,000.  Its  students  number  about  2700, 
and  its  Faculty  about  120.  It  comprises,  besides  the  liter- 
ary department,  colleges  or  departments  of  medicine,  law, 
dental  surgery,  pharmacy,  and  mechanical  engineering. 
It  has  a  hall  erected  at  a  cost  of  §120,000,  an  astronomical 
observatory,  a  library  of  80,000  volumes,  and  handsome 
college  fraternity  houses.  Six  newspapers  are  published 
here,  besides  several  monthly  periodicals  (including  the 
"  Michigan  University  Medical  Journal"),  some  of  which 
are  edited  by  students  of  the  university.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7363;  in  1880,  8061;  in  1890,  9431. 

Anna,  Santa,  in  South  America,  Ac.  See  Santa  Anna. 

An^natom',  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  New  Heb- 
rides.    Lat.  21°S.;  Ion.  170°  E.     Pop.  1500. 

An'naton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in  Clifton 
township,  on  Platte  River,  about  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mad- 
ison.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 

An'nawan,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo..  111.,  in  An- 
nawan  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  146  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Chicago.  Coal  is  mined 
here.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  of  township,  1261. 

Anne  Arundel,  ann  a-riin'del,  a  county  in  the  central 

?art  of  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles, 
t  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Patapsco  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Baltimore,  on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Patuxent  River.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Severn  River.    The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the 


soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Among  the  minerals  are  red  sand- 
stone, serpentine,  and  iron  ore.  The  staple  products  of  the 
soil  are  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Annapolis,  Washington  A  Baltimore  and  the  An- 
napolis A  Baltimore  Short  Line  Railroads,  which  converge 
at  Annapolis.  Capital,  Annapolis.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,457; 
in  1880,  28,526;  in  1890,  34,094. 

Annecy,  inn^see',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  Haute- 
Savoie,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  a  lake  of  the  same  name, 
33  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chamb6ry.  Pop.  11,654.  It  has 
a  cathedral,  bishop's  palace,  an  old  castle,  a  fine  library,  a 
college,  a  museum,  and  many  factories. 

Annecy,  a  lake  of  France,  22  miles  S.  of  Geneva,  is  9 
miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  from  1  to  2  miles  in 
breadth,  and  1426  feet  above  the  sea.  At  its  N.W.  extrem- 
ity it  empties  into  the  Fieran,  an  affluent  of  the  Rhone. 

Annecy  le  Vieux,  fl-nn^see'  l§h  ve-ch'  (anc.  Bau'tmf] 
a  village  of  France,  2^  miles  N.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  1344. 

Annemasse,  &nn^m&ss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute 
Savoie,  on  the  Arve,  6  miles  E.  of  Carouge.     Pop.  1205. 

Annesley  Bay,  in  Abyssinia.     See  Ansley  Bat. 

Annestown,  anz'tdwn,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and 
lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Waterford,  on  a  small  bay.     Pop.  149. 

An'net,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
England,  off  the  Land's  End. 

Anne'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  21  miles 
W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Annevoye,  &nn^vw&',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Namur,  on  the  Meuse,  N.  of  Dinant.     Pop.  650. 

Anneyron,  In^ni^riK"',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Dr6me,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  2976. 

Anni,  or  Ani,  &n'nee  (L.  Ahnicum),  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  28  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Kars,  on  the  Arpa-Chai. 
Until  taken  by  Alp  Arslan,  in  1064,  it  was  the  capital  of 
the  Pakradian  (Bagratian)  kings  of  Armenia. 

Annico,  in-nee'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Cremona.     Pop.  2302. 

An'nieTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  6  miles  S.  of  Spencer. 

Au'nin,  a  township  of  McEean  co..  Pa.    Pop.  760. 

Annin  Creek,  a  post-office  of  McEean  co..  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

An^nisquam',  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  In 
the  N.  part  of  the  city  of  Gloucester,  and  is  on  the  sea- 
coast  at  the  mouth  of  Squam  River.  It  has  a  fine  beach, 
and  a  harbor  with  a  light-house,  and  is  a  summer  resort. 

An'niston,  an  enterprising  manufacturing  city  and 
railroad  centre  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  104  miles  W.  of  At- 
lanta, Ga.  It  has  22  churches,  3  banks,  excellent  public 
and  private  schools,  iron-mines,  and  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  iron  products,  cotton  goods,  Ac.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Woodstock  Iron  Company  and  other  extensive 
business  concerns.  Three  daily  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9998. 

Annobon,  in^no-bon'  (Port.  Anno  Bom,  in'no-b6N»'), 
an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  belonging  to  Spain. 
Lat.  1°  24'  S.  It  is  4  miles  long,  and  2  wide,  and  rises 
to  the  height  of  3000  feet.  Pop.  about  2000.  Chief  town, 
San  Antonio  de  Praia. 

Annoeulin,  S,n^nuh*lS,N»',a  town  of  France, department 
of  Nord,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3805. 

Anno'na,  a  post-village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railway,  53  miles  W.  of  Texarkana,  and  8 
miles  E.  of  Clarksville.     Pop.  150. 

Annonay,  in^no^ni'  (L.  Annoneum  or  Annoniacum),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  ArdSche,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Cance  and  the  D6aAme,  37  miles  S.  of  Lyons.  Pop. 
18,445.  It  has  thriving  manufactures  of  glove-leather, 
and  is  noted  for  its  paper,  gloves,  cordage,  thread,  Ac.  It 
has  a  college,  a  library,  and  good  public  buildings. 

Annone  Veneto,  in-no'ni  vS-ni'to,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Venice,  7  miles  W.  of  Portogruaro.     Pop.  2030. 

Annot,  in^no',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1157. 

Annsville,  anz'vil,  a  township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
contains  Taberg,  and  has  important  agricultural  and  manu- 
facturing interests.    Pop.  2634. 

Annsville,  a  small  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  from  Peekskill.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  lampblack. 

Ann'ville,  a  post-town  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  Valley  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
a  graded  school,  3  hotels,  4  flour-mills,  2  coach-factories, 
several  lime-kilns,  6  churches,  and  extensive  quarries  of 
limestone.  Here  is  Lebanon  Valley  College,  founded  by  the 
United  Brethren  in  1866.     Pop.  (1890)  1283. 

Annweiler,  inn'^iM^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 


i 


ANO 


503 


ANT 


the  Queich,  7  miles  W.  of  Landau.  Pop.  2734.  It  has 
ruins  of  the  castle  of  Triefels. 

Ano'ka^  a  county  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about 
430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  and  is  intersected  by  Rum  R*  /er.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  with  forests  and  small  lakes ;  the  soil  pro- 
duces wheat,  oats,  hay,  Ac.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  principal 
products  of  the  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Anoka.  Pop.  in  1870,  3940  ; 
in  1880,  7108;  in  1890,  9884. 

Anoka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Logansport. 

Anoka,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Rum  River,  27  miles 
by  rail  N. W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  bank,  10  churches,  com- 
mon, high  and  parochial  schools,  and  several  large  steam 
saw-mills.  Two  weekly  papers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2706;  in  1890,  4252. 

Anoo'ila  or  Cherry  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  11° 
37'  S. ;  Ion.  169°  47'  E.  Pop.  about  200,  of  the  true  Poly- 
nesian stock. 

Anopshehr,  Annpshahr,  an-pp-shair',  or  Anapa- 
sheher,  a-nS.-pa-sh5H'h§r,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Meerut,  on  the  Ganges,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Delhi.    P.  10,644. 

Anor,  i^noR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  3637.     It  has  iron-works. 

Anost,  i^nost',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Sa8ne- 
et-Loire,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Autun.     Pop.  3660. 

Anot'to  Bay,  a  port  of  entry  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Jamaica.     Lat.  18°  19'  N.;  Ion.  76°  33'  W. 

Anover  de  Ttyo,  i-no-vaiR'  di  ti'no,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1809. 

Anrath,  &n'r5,t,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Dusseldorf,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Crefeld.     Pop.  3827. 

Anrochte,  3,n'roKH§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 16  miles  N.E.  of  Amsberg.     Pop.  1339. 

Ans,  5no  or  ins,  a  village  of  Belgium,  IJ  miles  N.W.  of 
Liege,  on  the  Waremme  Railway.     Pop.  5874. 

Ansbach,  a  city  of  Bavariai    See  Anspach. 

Anse,  6ns,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Rh8ne, 
near  the  Sa8ne,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  2036. 

Anse  aux  Griffons,  Quebec.    See  Griffin's  Cove. 

Anse-Bertrand,  5NS-bfiRHr6No',  a  commune  of  Guade- 
loupe, Antilles,  on  the  coast,  N.  of  Grande-Terre.  Pop.  4500. 

Anse  d'Arlet,  6\s-daRMi',  or  lies  Anses  d'Arlet, 
Iiz-5NS-daRMi',  a  town  of  the  French  West  Indies,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Martinique,  30  miles  from  Fort  de  France.    P.  2399. 

Anseghem,  ftN8'g5N»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Courtray.     Pop.  3650. 

An8el'ma,apost-villageof  Chester  CO.,  Pa.,  8  or  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Phoenixville.  It  has  a  public  school  and  a 
newspaper  ofiSce.     Pop.  about  150. 

AnsjeI'mo,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Broken  Bow.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  250. 

Anserma  Pfneva,  S,n-s6R'mi  noo-i'vi,  a  village  of 
Colombia,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cartago.     Pop.  1609. 

Ansina  and  Ansineh,  former  names  of  Ababde. 

Ans'ley,  a  post-town  of  Custer  co..  Neb.,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Broken  Bow.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.    Pop.  750. 

Ans'ley  Bay,  or  Goob  Duc'noo%  an  inlet  of  the 
Red  Sea,  Abyssinia,  extending  S.  from  Dissee  Island. 

Anso,  in^so',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Huesoa,  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Jaca.    Pop.  1700.    It  exports  excellent  wool. 

An'son,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Rocky  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  or 
Pedee.  The  surface  is  tindulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is 
found  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Wadesborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,428;  in  1880,  17,994;  in  1890,  20,027. 

Anson,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Oakland,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Kennebec 
River.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  moccasins,  Ac.     Pop.  1880,  1555;  in  1890,  1444. 

Anson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Mo.,  4i  miles  from 
Croton,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Anson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Texas,  150 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Abilene 
Station  of  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railway.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  hank,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  about  600. 

Anson  Bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  lat.  13° 
30'  S.,  Ion.  130°  E.  It  receives  the  river  Daly.  There  are 
other  bays  of  the  same  name  in  Corea  and  Tinian. 


Ansonia,  8,n-80-nee'a,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  cf 

Caserta,  circle  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3228. 

Auso'nia,  a  city  of  New  Haven  co.,  Connecticut,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Naugatuck  River,  nearly  2  miles  from 
its  mouth,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Bridgeport,  and 
13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  is  on  the  New 
Haven  A  Derby  Division  of  the  Housatonic  system.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  daily  and  a  weekly  paper,  an 
iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  clocks,  brass  and  copper 
goods,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  2855;  in  1890, 
10,.342. 

Ansonia,  or  Dal'las,  a  post- village  of  Darke  co.,  0., 
49  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Bellefontaine.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tile-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  staves  and  wheels.     Pop.  in  1890,  676. 

Ansonia  (post-oflSce,  Ebenton),  a  hamlet  of  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Wellsborough,  and 
54  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Jersey  Shore. 

Anson's  Island,  or  Lord  Anson's  Island,  an 
island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  called  by  the  natives 
Booka.     Lat.  5°  C  S. ;  Ion.  154°  34/  E. 

An'sonville,  a  post- village  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  in  An- 
sonville  township,  10  miles  from  Wadesborough.  It  has 
several  churches.     Pop.  225. 

Ansonville,  a  post- village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Anspach,  9,ns'p&K,  or  Ansbach,  a  fortified  city  of 
Bavaria,  on  the  Rezat,  and  on  a  railway,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Nuremberg.  Pop.  12,636.  It  has  a  royal  castle,  ancient 
residence  of  the  margraves  of  Anspach-Baireuth,  two  hos- 
pitals, a  gymnasium,  an  orphanage,  deaf-and-dumb  school, 
a  public  library  of  15,000  volumes,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  and  half-silken  stuffs,  tobacco,  earthenware,  playing- 
cards,  cutlery,  and  white  lead. 

An'sted,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.Va.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Fayetteville,  2J  miles  from  Hawk's  Nest  Station. 
It  has  coal  mines. 

An'struther  (Easter  and  Wester),  two  contiguous 
parliamentary  boroughs  and  parishes  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  forming,  with  Kilrenny,  a  continuous  narrow  town 
along  the  Firth  of  Forth,  13i  miles  S.E.  of  Cupar.  United 
pop.  4312.  Anstruther  Easter  was  the  birthplace  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers. 

Anta,  in'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Cuzco. 
Lat.  13°  25'  S.;  Ion.  70°  35'  W. 

Anta,  in'ti,  a  small  lake  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  near  Cabo  Frio. 

Antseopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Gau-el-Kebeer. 

Antafalva,  5nHoh-f51'v5h  (Slavic,  Kovoeica),  a  town 
of  Austro-Hungary,  Banato-Servian  confines,  18  miles  from 
Pancsova.     Pop.  3218. 

Antakia,  the  Turkish  name  of  Antioch. 

Antalo,  or  Antalow,  in-ti'lo,  a  town  of  Abyssinia, 
state  of  Tigrg,  160  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gondar. 

Antananarivo,  Madagascar.    See  Tananarivoo. 

Antang,  inHing',  a  village  and  district  of  Java,  lat.  7° 
43'  S.,  Ion.  119°  0'  E.,  about  2000  feet  above  the  sea.  Pop. 
of  district,  8000  to  10,000. 

Antarc'tic  Circle,  one  of  the  lesser  circles  of  the  globe, 
is  parallel  to  the  equator,  and  is  placed  23°  27i'  from  the  S. 
pole.     It  marks  the  N.  limit  of  the  S.  polar  zone. 

Antarctic  Ocean,  the  name  given  to  the  expanse  of 
water  around  the  South  Pole,  within  the  limit  of  the  Ant- 
arctic Circle,  but  frequently  used  in  a  more  extensive  sense 
to  designate  the  cold  oceanic  regions  in  high  southern  lati- 
tudes, without  any  very  positive  regard  to  the  limits  of  the 
Antarctic  Circle.  The  Antarctic  Ocean  was  long  considered 
impenetrable  for  ships,  on  account  of  the  ice,  which  extends 
much  farther  from  the  pole  than  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Jan- 
uary 28,  1841,  Sir  James  Ross,  in  lat.  77°  32'  S.,  Ion.  167° 
E.,  discovered  a  volcano  12,400  feet  above  the  sea,  which 
he  named  Mount  Erebus,  after  one  of  the  ships  of  the  expedi- 
tion. A  little  farther  E.  another  was  seen,  which  was  named 
Mount  Terror,  after  the  other  ship  of  the  expedition.  Sir 
James  is  of  the  opinion  that  no  vegetation  exists  in  this  high 
southern  latitude,  no  trace  of  it  having  been  visible  on  Frank- 
lin Island  (12  miles  long  and  6  broad),  in  lat.  76°  8'  S.,  Ion. 
168°  12'  E.  It  would  also  appear  that  the  seas  are  com- 
paratively shallow  in  these  regions,  the  soundings  of  the 
Erebus  and  Terror  rarely  exceeding  400  fathoms,  and  being 
more  frequently  from  200  to  300.  The  position  of  the  south- 
ern magnetic  pole  Sir  James  places  in  Victoria  Land,  in  lat 
75°  5'  S.,  Ion.  154°  8'  E.  The  extreme  points  which  have 
been  reached  by  navigators  are  (Biscoe,  February  1,  1831) 
lat.  68°  51'  S.,  Ion.  12°  E. ;  (Ross,  February  2,  1841)  lat 
78°  10'  S..  Ion.  161°  27'  W. 


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Antas,  in'tls,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  40  miles 
K.E,  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1297. 

An'telope,  a  county  in  the  N.B.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Elk- 
horn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Capitol,  Neligh.     Pop,  in  1880,  3953;  in  1890,  10,399. 

Antelope,  a  township  of  Mono  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  162. 

Antelope,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  320. 

Antelope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  N.  of  Florence. 

Antelope,  a  post-village  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon,  90  miles 
E.  of  Salem. 

Antelope,  a  post-village  of  Jack  co.,  Texas,  about  75 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Antelope  or  Church  Island,  the  largest  island  in 
the  Great  Salt  Lake,  Uteh,  is  15  miles  long,  and  affords 
sheep  pasturage. 

Antelope  Creek,  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  at  or  near  Red  Bluff. 

Antelope  Springs,  a  post-oflBce  and  watering-place 
of  Hinsdale  co.,  CoL,  105  miles  from  Fort  Garland.  It  has 
a  hot  sulphur  spring. 

An'telope  Val'Iey,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Ari- 
lona.     Copper  and  gold  are  found  here. 

Antequera,  in-ti-ki'ri  (anc.  Antiqua'ria),  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malaga.  Pop. 
27,201.  The  city,  which  is  clean  and  well  built,  baa  8 
squares,  6  churches,  an  infirmary,  a  poor-house,  a  foundling- 
hospitol,  a  general  hospital,  2  collegiate  schools,  a  theologi- 
cal seminary,  numerous  convents,  several  hermiteges,  and 
an  extramural  cemetery.  In  the  old  town,  which  lies  higher 
up  the  hill  than  the  modem  city,  there  are  remains  of  a 
Moorish  castle,  built  on  Roman  foundations.  The  city  is 
well  supplied  with  good  water.  There  are  within  its  limits 
water-mills  for  spinning  and  weaving  woollen  fabrics,  10 
tanneries,  10  earthenware-factories,  and  several  dyers. 

Anterrieox,  fiN«H5R-Re-ch'  (anc.  Anderitum),  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Cantol.     Pop.  245. 

Antery,  or  Antari,  &n^ta-ree',  a  town  of  Hindostan, 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gwalior. 

Antes,  an't^z,  a  township  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.     See  Antis. 

Antes  Fort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Nippenose  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad 
at  Jersey  Shore  Stotion,  12  miles  W.  of  Williamsport. 

An'thon,  a  post-town  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  30  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Onawa.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Anthonie's  (an't9-niz)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Mo.,  88  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

An'thony,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Ocala.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  231. 

Anthony,  a  city,  capital  of  Harper  co,,  Kansas,  on  the 
line  of  three  railroads,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has 
6  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  salt,  flour,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1806. 

Anthony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Anthony,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  <fc  Fishkill  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  haa  a  church,  a  cotton- 
mill,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  755. 

Anthony  House,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal. 

Anthony  Kaan,  an  island  of  th«  Pacific.  See  Oraison. 

Anthony's  (or  St.  Anthony's)  Nose,  in  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  N.Y.,  the  extremity  of  a  hill  or  mountein  called  the 
Klips  {i.e.,  "rock"  or  "cliff"),  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, resembling  a  nose,  300  or  400  feet  long. 

Anthony's  (or  St.  Anthony's)  Nose,  in  Putnam 
CO.,  N.Y.,  a  bold  promontory  on  the  B.  side  of  the  Hudson, 
projecting  from  the  S.  side  of  Breakneck  HiU,  at  the  N.  en- 
trance to  the  highlands,  57  miles  from  New  York. 

An'thony's  Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, 80  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

An'thracite,  a  stotion,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg &  Connellsville  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Antibes,  ftN»'teeb'  (aac.  Antip'olit),  a  strongly  fortified 
seaport  town  of  France,  department  of  Alpes-Maritimes, 
and  on  a  railway,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Nice.  Lat.  43" 
35'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  7'  55"  E.  Pop.  6850,  mostly  employed 
in  fishing,  curing  fish,  and  trading  in  dried  fruits  and  oil. 
Its  port,  small  but  deep,  is  defended  at  its  entrance  by  Fort 
Carrg,  on  a  rocky  islet,  on  which  is  a  light-house.  On  every 
iide  the  town  is  environed  by  olive,  orange,  and  vine  plante- 
tions.   Founded  by  a  Greek  colony  from  MarseiUe*,  B.C.  340. 


Anticiacnm,  the  Latin  name  of  Inzaso. 

Anticosti,  an-te-kos'te,  a  large  island  of  Canada,  prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  in  the  estuary  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between 
lat.  49°  and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  62°  and  65°  W.  Area,  3845 
square  miles.  The  north  coast  is  high  and  without  harbors, 
the  south  shore  low  and  very  dangerous.  There  are  4  light- 
houses on  the  island.  Anticosti  Island  is  a  valuable  resort 
for  seal-  and  bear-hunting,  and  for  salmon-,  trout-,  cod-, 
and  herring-fishing.  There  is  much  excellent  soil.  On  the 
low  lands  on  the  S.  coast  there  exist  more  than  160  square 
miles  of  peat  bog,  of  2  to  3  feet  thickness,  and  of  excellent 
quality.  Marl,  plumbago,  and  other  valuable  minerals 
are  reported.  Pop.  102  in  1870,  since  which  time  it  has 
been  colonized  to  some  extent. 

Antietam  (an-tee'tam)  Creek  rises  in  Franklin  co., 
Pa.,  crosses  the  southern  boundary  of  that  stote,  runs 
southward  through  Washington  co.,  Md.,  and  enters  the 
Potomac  River  about  7  miles  N.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  A 
great  battle  was  fought  on  the  banks  of  this  creek,  near 
Sharpsburg,  between  the  Union  forces  commanded  by  Gen. 
McClellan  and  the  Confederates  commanded  by  Gen.  Lee, 
on  the  17th  of  September,  1862.  The  Union  army  lost  11,426 
killed  and  wounded,  but  remained  master  of  the  field. 

Antignano,  &n-teen-y&'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Istria, 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  1438. 

Anti'go,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Langdale  oo..  Wis.,  97 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  and  wood  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  in  1890,  4424. 

Antigonish,  anHig^o^neesh',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  of 
Nova  Scotia,  bounded  N.  by  St.  George's  Bay.  Area,  600 
square  miles.     Capitol,  Antigonish.     Pop.  16,512. 

Antigonish,  formerly  Syd'uey,  or  Sid'ney,  a  towm 
at  the  E.  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  co.  of  Antigonish, 
40  miles  E.  of  New  Glasgow.  It  is  the  county  town,  and 
the  seat  of  the  Catholic  bishop  of  Ariohat.  It  has  a  large 
college,  a  cathedral,  a  Catholic  seminary,  2  telegraph  offices, 
a  weekly  newspaper,  3  branch  banks,  about  20  stores,  and 
4  hotels.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  of  Scotch  descent. 
St.  George's  Bay,  a  fine  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
is  situated  8  miles  from  the  town.  Its  harbor  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  small  tonnage.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Antigonish  Harbor,  a  beautiful  settlement  at  the 
head  of  St.  George's  Bay,  Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  43 
miles  from  New  Glasgow,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  bay, 
Cape  Breton,  and  surrounding  country.  Soil  fertile  and 
well  cultivated.  It  conteins  a  post-office,  1  store,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Antigua,  &n-tee'g&,  one  of  the  British  West  Indies, 
colony  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  is  in  lat.  17°  2'-17°  13'  N., 
Ion.  61°  44'-61°  58'  W.  Area,  108  square  miles.  It  is  20 
miles  long,  and  somewhat  circular  in  outline,  has  a  broken 
and  elevated  surface,  and  its  soil  is  fertile,  resting  upon 
calcareous  and  trap  rocks.  The  climate  is  dry  and*  pleas- 
ant; but  in  summer  fearful  hurricanes  sometimes  occur. 
The  province  of  Antigua  (including  Barbuda  and  some 
minor  islands)  is  the  most  importont  member  of  the  general 
colony  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  and  has  a  governor  and 
legislature,  and  an  Anglican  and  a  Moravian  bishop.  Chief 
exports,  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.  The  towns  are  St. 
John's,  the  capital,  Falmouth,  Parbam,  and  English  Har- 
bor. Pop.  in  1871,  34,344,  mostly  blacks;  in  1891,  in- 
cluding Barbuda  and  Redonda,  36,700.  Antigua  was  dis- 
covered in  1493  by  Columbus;  settled  by  the  British  in 
1632.     Average  sugar  crop,  12,000  hogsheads  a  year. 

Antigua,  &n-tee'g&,  a  town  in  Panay,  Philippine 
Islands.    It  has  a  church  and  a  school.     Pop.  4219. 

Antigua,  or  La  Antigua,  li,  &n-tee'ga,  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Fuerteventura,  in  the  Canaries.     Pop.  1088. 

Antigtiedad,  in-tee-gwi-Din',  a  town  of  Spain,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1017. 

An'ti-Lib'anus,  or  Anti-Leb'anon,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Palestine,  running  parallel  to  and  E.  of  the  Leb- 
anon chain,  the  two  enclosing  the  valley  of  Coele-Syria.  It 
becomes  detached  from  Mount  Lebanon  about  lat.  34°  N., 
extends  southward  to  nearly  opposite  where  Lebanon  ter- 
minates, and  there  subdivides  into  two  chains,  which  bound 
the  valley  of  the  Jordan,  the  Dead  Sea,  and  the  Arabah. 

Antilles,  in^teel',  or  in-til'liz  (Lat.  Antil'lse;  Fr.  Jlet 
Antilles,  eel-zftNo*teeI' ;  Sp.  Antillas,  in-teel'yis;  Ger.  An- 
tillen,  in-til'l§n),  a  term  applied  to  a  part  of  the  West  India 
Islands  consisting  of  two  groups,  called  the  Greater  Antilles 
and  Lesser  Antilles,  which  latter  are  also  named  Caribbean 
Islands.  The  Greater  Antilles  comprise  Cuba,  Jamaica, 
Hayti,  Porto  Rico,  and  several  very  small  isles  near  their 
coasts.  The  Lesser  Antilles  are  numerous  small  islands, 
mostly  arranged  in  a  long  row,  which  is  curved  like  a  ere* 


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505 


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cent,  between  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
The  principal  islands  of  this  group  are  Trinidad,  Tobago, 
Barbadoes,  Grenada,  St.  Lucia,  Martinique,  Dominica,  Gua- 
deloupe, Antigua,  and  St.  Vincent.  Of  these,  8  are  British, 
and  2,  Guadeloupe  and  Martinique,  belong  to  France ;  others 
belong  to  the  Netherlands,  Denmark,  Ac.  See  names  of  the 
principal  islands,  also  West  Indies,  Leeward  Islands, 
Windward  Islands,  Virgin  Islands,  Ac. 

Anti-Milo,  in-te-mee'lo,  or  Anti-Melos,  in-te-mee'- 
los,  an  island  of  the  Greek  Archipelago,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Milo. 

Autioch,  an'te-ok  (L.  Antiochf'a;  Gr.'AvTiox'ia;  Turk. 
Antakia,  in-t4^kee'a),  a  city  and  the  ancient  capital  of 
Syria,  in  its  N.  part,  67  miles  W.  of  Aleppo,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Orontes,  about  20  miles  above  its  mouth.  Lat. 
36°  11'  N.;  Ion.  36°  9'  30"  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  from 
9000  to  16,000.  Its  ancient  walls,  varying  frona  20  to  70 
feet  in  height,  enclose  an  area  of  uneven  ground  several 
miles  in  circumference.  The  houses  are  mostly  mean  and 
of  slight  materials ;  they  differ  from  those  of  Eastern  towns  in 
general  in  having  sloping  roofs.  Antioch  has  14  mosques ; 
but  in  this  town  where  the  designation  of  Chriatiana  was 
first  used  there  is  not  at  present  a  single  Christian  church. 
Baths  and  bazaars  are  numerous,  and  there  are  manufac- 
tures of  coarse  pottery,  cotton  stuffs,  and  morocco  leather ; 
but  the  culture  of  silk  is  the  chief  industry.  Other  exports 
are  goats'  wool,  yellow -berries,  and  salted  eels.  The  city 
walls,  a  ruined  aqueduct,  2  bridges,  and  a  portion  of  pave- 
ment, are  almost  all  the  remaining  vestiges  of  ancient  mag- 
nificence. Antioch  was  founded  about  300  B.C.,  by  Seleucus 
Nicator,  and  named  in  honor  of  his  father  Antiochus ;  and, 
though  it  suffered  severely  by  successive  earthquakes,  it  main- 
tained its  importance  till  taken  by  the  Saracens  in  638.  Its 
ancient  population  has  been  estimated  at  400,000.  Chrysos- 
tom  computes  the  population  in  his  time  at  200,000,  more 
than  one-half  of  whom  were  Christians.  It  was  the  capital 
of  a  Christian  principality  from  1098  to  1269,  since  which 
time  it  has  declined.  Some  ruins,  about  8  miles  south- 
westward,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Orontes,  mark  the  site 
of  the  grove  of  Daphne  and  temple  of  Apollo.  A  Greek, 
a  Jacobite,  and  4  Catholic  prelates,  of  different  rites, 
bear  the  title  of  patriarch  of  Antioch  j  but  all  are  non- 
resident. 

Antioch)  an't^-Sk,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  oo., 
Cal.,  at  the  E.  end  of  Suisun  Bay,  near  the  mouths  of 
the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  Rivers,  about  58  miles  by 
water  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  Steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween Antioch  and  that  metropolis.  Large  quantities  of 
grain  and  coal  are  shipped  here.  It  has  a  weekly  news- 
paper, 4  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  straw-paper 
factory.     Pop,  in  1890,  635. 

Antioch,  a  village  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Athens 
Branch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Athens. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  4  stores.  Here  is  Stephens 
Post-Office. 

Antioch,  a  hamlet  in  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  26  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Columbus,  has  a  church. 

Antioch,  a  small  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  about 
75  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  about  15  N.W.  of  La  Grange. 

Antioch,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co..  111.,  55  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  public  schools, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  The  township  is  drained  by  Fox 
River  (which  here  expands  into  Pishtaka  Lake),  and  con- 
tains several  lakes.  Pop.  (1890)  of  village,  303;  of  town- 
ship, 1704. 

Antioch,  a  hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Pike  township, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-miU. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  26 
miles  E.  of  Bardstown.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Homer. 

Antioch,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  163. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  co.,  Miss.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Rienzi,  and  about  4  miles  N.  of  Booneville.  In  the 
vicinity  are  4  churches. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  about  20 
miles  S.W,  of  Fayetteville, 

Antioch,  a  township  of  Wilkes  oo,,  N.C.     Pop.  704. 

Antioch,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo,,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  9  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  30  miles  N,E,  of 
Marietta.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  166. 

Antioch,  a  village  of  York  oo.,  S.C,  5  miles  from  King's 
Mountain  Station.     Here  is  Antioch  Academy, 

Antioch,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Nashville. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  16  miles 
33 


S.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  free  school,  and 
about  14  houses. 

Antioch  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  between 
lat.  35°  50'  and  36°  20'  N.,  and  in  Ion.  about  36°  E.,  over- 
looked on  the  N.  and  S.  by  mountains  upwards  of  6000  fc** 
in  height.  The  Orontes  enters  it  near  its  centre.  On  the 
N.  side  are  some  ruins  described  as  those  of  Seleucia  Plena. 
the  ancient  port  of  Antioch. 

Antioch  College,  Ohio.    See  Yellow  Springs. 

Antiochetta,  S.n-te-o-k5t't3.,  a  port  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
Earamania,  on  the  Mediterranean,  88  miles  S.  of  Konieh. 

Antiochia  ad  Taurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Aintab. 

Antiochia  Margiana,  an  ancient  town.    See  Merw. 

An'tioch  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 
about  60  miles  S,  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  a  church. 

Autioco,  &n-tee'o-ko,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  S,W,  coast  of  Sardinia,  8  miles  long  and  3  miles 
broad.     Pop.  2219.     It  has  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Antioquia,  4n-te-o-kee'&,  or  Santa  F4s  de  Antio- 
quia,  s&n'ti  fk  dk  in-te-o-kee'&,  a  town  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Antioquia,  on  the  river  Cauca,  190 
miles  N.W.  of  Bogota,  Pop,  8640.  It  is  the  chief  com- 
mercial town  in  the  state,  having  an  active  trade  in  maize 
end  sugar. 

Antioquia,  a  department  in  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
shut  in  by  Bolivar,  Santander,  Cundinamarca,  and  Cauca. 
Area,  21,000  square  miles.  It  has  rich  ores  of  the  precious 
metals,  and  abounds  in  forests.  Capital,  Medellin,  Pop. 
470,000. 

Antip'aros,  Oliaros,  or  Olearos,  o-lee'&-ros,  an 
island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  nome  of  Cyclades,  2 
miles  W.  of  Pares,  Lat,  of  summit,  36°  59'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  25° 
3'  27"  E.  It  is  10  miles  long,  and  2  miles  broad.  Pop,  500. 
It  is  celebrated  for  a  stalactite  cavern  near  its  S,  extremity. 

Anti»Paxo,  an-te-pax'o,  a  small  Greek  island  in  the 
Ionian  Sea,  Mediterranean,  li  miles  S,E.  of  Paxo. 

Antiphilo,  S.n-tee'fe-lo,  or  Andiphilo,  in-dee'fe-lo 
(anc.  Antiphel'lua),  a  small  seaport  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Telmissus  or  Makree. 
Lat.  36°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  29°  40'  E, 

Antipodes,  an-tip'o-d^z,  a  group  of  small  uninhabited 
islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  S,E,  of  New  Zealand,  so 
called  from  being  the  land  most  nearly  opposite  to  Great 
Britain,     Lat.  49°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  43'  E, 

Antipolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Antibes, 

Antiquaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Antequera, 

Antiquity,  an-tik'w^-te,  a  villt^e  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in 
Letart  township,  on  or  near  the  Ohio  River,  about  12  miles 
above  Pomeroy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  coal-mine, 
and  salt-works.     Pop.  280. 

An'tis,  or  An'tes,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Altoona,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  has  11 
churches,  mines  of  coal  and  iron,  and  manufactures  of  iron, 
lumber,  and  wool.  Post-office  and  station,  Bellwood.  Pop. 
1893. 

Antisana,  &n-te-s&'n&,  a  volcano  of  the  Andes,  in  Ecua- 
dor, 35  miles  S.E.  of  Quito,  19,148  feet  in  elevation.  There 
is  a  hamlet  of  the  same  name  on  the  mountain,  13,466  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Anti'Taurus,  anHe-taw'rus,  a  mountain-chain  or 
series  of  chains  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  extending  for  some  dis- 
tance parallel  to  the  Taurus  chain,  whence  its  name.  It 
commences  at  Mount  Argseus,  and  proceeds  northeastward 
into  Armenia,  where  its  ranges  intermix  with  ofi'sets  from 
the  Caucasus  and  separate  the  basin  of  the  Euphrates  on 
the  S,  from  the  region  watered  by  the  Eizil-Irmak  and 
other  rivers  flowing  N.  into  the  Black  Sea. 

Antium,  the  ancient  name  of  Porto  d'Anzio. 

Antivari,  4n-tee'vi-ree,  the  sole  seaport  of  Montenegro, 
on  the  Adriatic,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Scutari.  Before  the  Russo- 
Tnrkish  war  of  1877-78  it  belonged  to  Turkish  Albania. 
There  are  400  houses  within  and  700  without  the  citadel. 

Ant'lers,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  Ind. 
Ter„  127  miles  by  rail  S,S,W,  from  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

Antofagasta,  &n-to-f&-g&s't&,  a  seaport  of  Chili,  on 
the  Bay  of  Morena,  85  miles  S.  of  Cobija.  It  is  connected  by 
railway  with  the  rich  mines  of  Caracoles  (38  miles  E.)  and 
with  Salar.  It  has  a  branch  bank,  silver-smelting  works,  and 
ships  much  bullion,  ore,  and  nitrate  of  soda.    Pop.  8000. 

AnUoine',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo..  Ark.,  on  Antoine 
Creek,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Camden. 

AnHoine'  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southeastward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Clark  and  Pike  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Little  Missouri  River. 

Antoing,  iNpHwiN"',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainault, 
on  the  Scheldt,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2430. 

An'tou,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  rises  near 


ANT 


506 


ANT 


Dverton,  flows  southward,  and  enters  the  head  of  South- 
ampton Water,  4  miles  W.  of  Southampton. 

Anton  Chico,  in-ton'  chee'ko,  a  post-village  of  Guada- 
loupe  CO.,  New  Mexico,  165  miles  S.  by  W.  of  El  Moro,  Col. 
It  has  a  church,  5  stores,  and  about  300  families. 

Antongil,  in-ton-zheel',  or  Manghabei,  min-gi-bi', 
a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar,  50  miles  in  length 
from  S.  to  N.,  and  about  26  miles  in  width  at  the  entrance. 
Lilt.  16°  S. ;  Ion.  50°  E. 

Anto'niay  a  post-oflSce  of  JefiFerson  oo..  Mo. 

Antoniacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Andernach. 

Antonienhiitte,  an-to'ne-en-hiit't§,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Beuthen,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
river  Oder.  It  has  coal-mines,  furnaces,  potteries,  zinc- 
paint  factories,  brick-kilns,  and  a  prison.     Pop.  3765. 

Antonina^  in-to-nee'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Sao  Paulo,  on  the  bay  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Paranagua. 

Antonio )  a  harbor  of  Jamaica.     See  Port  Antonio. 

Antonito,  4n-to-nee'to,  a  post-village  of  Conejos  co., 
Col.,  on  the  Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Conejos.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  500. 

Antoorah,  Antourah,  or  Antnra,  ftn-too'ri,  a  town 
of  Syria,  on  the  W.  slope  of  Mount  Lebanon,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Beyroot. 

Antraignes,  6N»Hrig',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ardfeche,  on  a  volcanic  height,  Hi  miles  W.  of  Privas. 
Pop.  1413.  Near  this  is  the  singular  causeway  called  the 
Chausaie  dea  Grants  {i.e.,  "  giants'  causeway"),  formed  by 
colonnades  of  basalt,  700  yards  in  length. 

Antrain,  ftNoHriN"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
nie-et-Vilaine,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rennes.     Pod.  1642. , 

Antreville,  an't^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aboeville  oo., 
S.C,  12  miles  from  Due  West  Railroad  Station.  It  has  1 
church  and  1  carriage-shop. 

Antrim,  an' trim,  the  northeastemmost  county  of  Ire- 
land, in  Ulster,  having  the  Atlantic  on  the  N.,  the  North 
Channel  on  the  E.,  the  counties  of  Down  and  Londonderry 
on  the  S.  and  W.,  and  Lough  Neagh  on  the  S.W.  Area, 
1164  square  miles.  Pop.  404,015.  A  part  of  the  surface 
near  the  coast  is  mountainous.  In  the  S.W.  much  of  it  is 
boggy.  Coal  and  some  lignite  are  mined.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Bann,  forming  the  W.,  and  the  Lagan,  the  S.  boundary. 
The  famous  Giant's  Causeway  is  on  the  N.  coast  of  this 
county.  The  county  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Capital,  Belfast. 

Antrim,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  above  county,  on 
Six  Mile  Water,  near  its  mouth  in  Lough  Neagh,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Belfast.  Pop.,  including  Massarene,  2005. 
It  has  a  union  work-house,  a  court-house,  and  manufactures 
of  linen,  calico,  hosiery,  paper,  and  malt. 

An'trim,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  about  538  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Grand  Traverse  Bay  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  contains 
several  lakes.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  extensive 
forests  of  beech,  elm,  maple,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  produces  potatoes,  wheat,  and  Indian  corn.  Lumber  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  productions  of  the  county.  Capi- 
tal, BeUaire.  Pop.  in  1870,  1985;  in  1880,  5237;  in  1890, 
10,413.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids 
&  Indiana  Railroad,  which  crosses  it  in  a  southeasterly 
direction. 

Antrim,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  985. 
It  contains  Glass  River. 

Antrim,  a  post-township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Madelia.     Pop.  322. 

Antrim,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Contoocook  River,  about  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures  of  table-cutlery,  seed- 
sowers,  sewing-silk,  bedsteads,  Ac.     Pop.  904. 

Antrim,  a  post- village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Madison 
township,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  3 
ihurches,  2  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  350. 

Antrim,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co,,  0.     Pop.  1061. 

Antrim,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3762. 
It  contains  the  borough  of  Greencastle,  and  other  villages, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad. 

Antrim,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  52  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  from  Corning,  N.Y.  Bituminous  coal  is 
mined  near  this  place,  which  is  owned  by  the  Fall  Brook 
Coal  Company.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Antrim,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Pakenham.     Pop.  130. 

Antrim,  a  post- village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  7 
miles  from  Milford.     Pop.  150. 

Antrim  City,  an  iron-manufacturing  village  of  Antrim 
CO.,  Mich,,  virtually  a  part  of  the  village  of  Mancelona, 
though  outside  of  the  corporate  limits  of  the  latter,  is  on 


the  E.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Traverse  City.     Pop.  in  1890,  480. 

Antrodoco,  4n-tro-do'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  7i  miles  E.  of  Civita  Ducale.     Pop.  3781. 

Antuco,  4n-too'ko,  a  volcano  and  town  of  the  Chilian 
Andes,  140  miles  B.  of  Concepcion.  Lat.  26°  50'  S. ;  Ion. 
70°  40'  W.     The  volcano  is  said  to  be  about  16,000  feet  high, 

Antunacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Ansernach. 

Antura,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Antoorah. 

Antwerp,  ant'w^rp  (Dutch,  Antwerpen,  3,nt'^firp-§n  f 
L.  Antuer'pia ;  Fr.  Anvers,  6N»VaiR';  Sp.  Amhirea,  4m- 
B4'ris),  a  city  of  Belgium,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  27S  miles  by  rail- 
way N.  of  Brussels,  and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent.  Lat. 
of  the  cathedral,  51°  13'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  24'  2"  E.  It  i» 
strongly  fortified,  its  walls  and  other  defences  completely 
encompassing  the  city  on  the  land  side,  having  more  than 
12  miles  of  massive  ramparts.  The  appearance  of  the  city 
is  exceedingly  picturesaue, — an  effect  produced  by  its  nu- 
merous churches,  convents,  magnificent  public  buildings,, 
its  monuments  of  Rubens,  Conscience,  Van  Dyck,  Ac,  its 
elaborate  and  extensive  fortifications,  and  the  profusion  of 
beautiful  trees.  All  the  main  streets  and  the  new  avenues,^ 
from  the  elegance  of  their  buildings,  are  imposing,  and 
many  stately  antique-looking  houses  give  a  characteristic 
feature  to  Antwerp.  The  famous  cathedral,  built  in  1322- 
1410,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  specimens  of  Gothio 
architecture  in  general.  Other  churches  of  note  are  St. 
James's,  St.  Andrew's,  and  St.  Paul's.  Among  the  other 
edifices  are  the  Exchange  (built  in  1583,  burned  in  1858^ 
and  rebuilt  in  the  old  style  in  1869-72),  the  Hdtel  de  Ville,  a 
splendid  structure  of  marble,  the  Maison  Anseatic,  and  the 
palace.  Its  institutions  comprise  academies  of  painting, 
of  the  fine  arts,  and  of  the  sciences,  a  gallery  of  sculpture, 
several  picture-galleries  and  art-museums,  containing  the 
finest  works  of  the  first  masters  of  the  Flemish  school,  a 
public  library,  botanical  and  zoological  gardens,  numeroua 
learned  societies,  schools,  hospitals,  asylums,  and  work- 
houses. Of  the  docks,  dock-yards,  and  basins  constructed 
by  Bonaparte,  at  an  expense,  it  is  said,  of  $10,000,000,  the 
last  only  remain.  They  are  now  converted  into  commercial 
docks,  lined  with  capacious  warehouses.  The  harbor  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  world.  In  1887  the  harbor  admitted 
4176  foreign  vessels  with  3,800,000  tons  burthen.  Forty 
regular  steamer  lines  start  from  Antwerp  to  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Antwerp  is  joined  by  great  canals  with  Holland  and 
the  river  Maas.  In  1874  the  diflferences  existing  between 
Antwerp  and  the  government  of  Belgium  were  adjusted, 
and  the  famous  citadel  of  Antwerp,  which  had  existed  300 
years,  was  blown  up  in  the  presence  of  King  Leopold  II.. 
The  principal  manufactures  of  the  city  are  black  silks  and 
velvets,  soap,  leather,  spirits,  camlets,  serges,  and  flannels. 
Cotton,  linen,  lace,  carpets,  hats,  and  cutlery  are  also  manu- 
factured to  a  considerable  extent.  There  are  also  sugar- 
refineries,  and  a  good  deal  of  ship-building.  The  trade  and 
commerce  of  Antwerp  are  extensive,  and  for  hides,  petro- 
leum, wool,  grain,  coffee,  cotton,  coal,  oils,  timber,  iron,  and 
guano  it  is  one  of  the  largest  importing  places  on  the  conti- 
nent. Antwerp  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  was 
the  great  centre  of  European  commerce,  an  average  of  500 
vessels  daily  entering  its  port..  Pop.  in  1875,  148,814 ;  in 
1882,  175,636 ;  in  1891,  227,225. 

Antwerp,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Netherlands,  E.  by  Limbourg,  S.  by  South  Brabant,  and  W. 
by  East  Flanders.  Area,  1093  square  miles.  Pop.  699,571. 
Surface  mostly  level ;  principal  rivers,  the  Scheldt  and  its 
affluents  the  Nethe  and  the  Dyle.  In  the  N.  are  extensive 
reclaimed  heaths ;  most  of  the  soil  is  fertile.  Products  com- 
prise corn,  hemp,  hops,  madder,  and  tui-f.  Manufactures 
comprise  lace,  cotton,  silk,  and  tobacco. 

Ant'werp,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2209.    It  contains  Lawton. 

Antwerp,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Antwerp  township,  on  Indian  River,  and  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Water- 
town.  It  contains  the  Black  River  Conference  Seminary, 
1  newspaper  office,  1  bank,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  iron.  Pop.  773.  The  township  has  mines  of 
iron  ore,  and  contains  a  village  named  Ox  Bow.    Pop.  3310. 

Antwerp,  a  post- village  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Manmee  River,  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  and  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  22  or  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  71 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
hubs  and  spokes.     A  newspaper  is  issued  here.    Pop.  1276. 

Antwerp,  a  locality  in  the  oil  country  of  Clarion  co.,. 
Pa.     It  has  a  pipe-line  for  oil,  running  to  Oil  City. 


ANU 


507 


API 


An-Ung-Hoy',  an  island  of  China,  in  the  Canton 
River,  opposite  Tycocktow  Island,  bounds,  with  Chuen-Pee 
Island,  the  entrance  of  the  Boca  Tigris,  on  the  E. 

Auurajahpoora,  i-noo-ri-ji-poo'ri,  Anaradja- 
poura,  Anarajapoora*  i-ni-ri-ji-poc'ri,  or  Anura- 
japoora,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  island  of  Ceylon,  now 
a  ma«8  of  ruins.     It  lies  48  miles  N.  of  Dambool. 

AnverSy  the  French  name  of  Antwerp. 

Anvik,  in-vik',  a  native  village  of  Alaska,  on  the  river 
Anvik,  near  its  mouth.     Pop.  200. 

Anvik  River,  in  Alaska,  rises  in  the  Anvik  Mountains 
and  flows  into  the  Yukon,  from  the  W.,  220  miles  from  the 
sea.     Length,  50  miles. 

Anxannni,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lakciano. 

Anxious  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  South  Australia.  Lat. 
32°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  15'  E. 

Anxur,  the  ancient  name  of  Terracina. 

Anza,  in'zi,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of 
Monte  Rosa,  and  falls  into  the  Toce. 

Anzano  degli  Irpini,  &n-z&'no  diU'yee  ^R-pee'nee,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Avellino,  2  miles  W.  of  Accadia.   P.  2458. 

Anzarba,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ain-Zarbe. 

Anzasca,  Val  d',  Italy.    See  Val  d'Anzasca. 

Anzat-le-Luguet,  6No^z4'l9h-lii^gi',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ardes ;  has  mines 
of  arsenic  and  antimony,  also  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1526. 

Anzerma,  or  Ancerma,  S,n-sfiR'mi,  a  town  of  Co- 
lombia, 170  miles  N.N.E.  of  Popayan,  near  the  river  Cauca. 

Anzi,  in'zee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Potenza,  on  a 
mountain,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3654. 

Anzin,  6n»'z3,n»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
on  a  railway,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Valenciennes.  Pop.  7283. 
It  is  the  centre  of  the  greatest  coal-works  in  France,  and 
has  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  brass-works,  sugar- 
refineries,  gin-distilleries,  and  glass-works. 

Anzio,  Porto  d'.    See  Porto  d'Anzio. 

Anzooan,  Anzouan,  or  Anzuan.    See  Johanna. 

Aoiz,  i-o-eeth',  almost  S,-weeth',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Na- 
varre, 16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1196. 

Aon'la,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  dis- 
trict and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bareilly.   Pop.  9947. 

Aor,  i'or,  Aur,  owr,  Awar,  i'war,  or  Poo'lo-Anr, 
an  island  47  miles  E.  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  Lat.  2°  29' 
N.;  Ion.  104°  34'  E.     Pop.  1400. 

Aosta,  i-os'ti  (anc.  Augusta  Preeto'ria),  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dora  Baltea,  49  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Turin.  Pop.  7669.  Among  its  buildings 
are  a  Gothic  cathedral,  the  remains  of  a  Roman  amphithea- 
tre, and  a  fine  triumphal  arch.  Trade  in  cheese,  leather, 
hemp,  and  wine.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  rich  valley  of 
Aosta  is  celebrated  for  its  forests  of  pine,  extensive  mines 
of  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  silver,  and  marble-quarries. 

Aous,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Voyussa. 

Aonste,  i^oost'  (anc.  Augua'ta),  a  town  of  France,  on 
the  river  Dr6me,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Di6.     Pop.  1265. 

Apache,  4-pi'chi,  a  county  of  Arizona,  bordering  on 
Utah  and  New  Mexico.  Area,  21,060  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, St.  John's.     Pop.  in  1890,  4281. 

Apache  (&-p&'chi)  Indians,  a  tribe  of  Indians  of 
Mexico,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona.  They  are  of  many 
bands  or  subdivisions.  Those  in  the  United  States  have 
been  subdued  by  force  after  many  years  of  hostility,  and 
placed  upon  reservations.  These  people  belong  to  the  stock 
or  ethnological  division  which  includes  the  Shoshones,  Na- 
vajoes,  and  the  Tinneh  of  Alaska. 

Apacza  ^s  Puszta,  dh^p&t'soh^  esh  pooss't5h\  a  village 
of  Hungary,  Csanad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Batonya.    Pop.  2350. 

Apa  6s  Apahegy,  6h'p5h^  esh  fip^pSh^hedj',  a  village 
of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Szathmar,  14  miles  W.  of  Erdod.  Pop. 
2780. 

Apae,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides.    See  Apee. 

Apaiachee.    See  Appalachee. 

Apalachicola.    See  Appalachicola. 

Apalach'in,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Owcgo  township,  and  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  8 
miles  above  Owego.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  300.    It  is  1  mile  from  Campville  on  the  Erie  Railroad. 

Apalo'na,  a  post-oflSce  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  40  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Loogootee. 

Apam,  i'pim',  a  district  of  Africa,  Gold  Coast,  ceded  by 
the  Dutch  to  England  in  1873. 

Apamania,  k-^k-mi,'m&,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
one  of  the  Gilbert  Group.    Lat.  0°  30'  S.;  Ion.  173°  54'  W. 

Apanormia,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Epanomeria. 

Apari,  or  Aparri,  i-pi-ree',  a  town  in  the  island  of 
Luzon,  in  the  Philippines,  at  its  N.  extremity,  on  the  coast, 
an  i  at  the  mouth  of  the  Apari  River.     Pop.  5990. 


Ap&tfolva,  6h'p|t'f6rvfih\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Csan£d,  on  the  Maros,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Mako.     Pop.  4000. 

Ap^ti,  8h^p8,'tee\  a  Wallachian  town  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Arad,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  3132. 

Apatin,  6h^p6hHeen',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  60  miles  S.  of  Baja.  It  has  a 
trade  in  hemp,  madder,  woad,  and  silk.      Pop.  11,047. 

Apcheron,  a  peninsula  of  Russia.    See  Apsheron. 

Apee,  Apae,  or  Api,  i'pee,  a  small  island  of  the 
New  Hebrides,  in  the  Pacific.   Lat.  16°  36'  S.;  Ion.  168°  E. 

Apeldoorn,  4'pel-doRn\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  on  the  Grift,  an  affluent  of  the  Yssel,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Arnhem,  has  paper-mills,  and  manufacturer 
of  woollens.    Pop.  12,770. 

Apenesta,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Viesti. 

Apennines,  ap'§n-ninz^  (It.  Appennino,  ip-pi-nee'no , 
anc.  Apenni'nua  Mom),  a  mountain-chain  which  detaches 
itself  from  the  Maritime  Alps  at  the  pass  of  Cadibona, 
about  Ion.  9°  E.,  having  a  general  direction  first  from  W. 
to  E.,  nearly  parallel  with  the  Pennine  and  Lepontine 
Alps,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  valley  of  the  Po. 
In  about  Ion.  12°  E.  the  chain  turns  towards  the  S.,  and 
traverses  the  Italian  peninsula  throughout  its  entire  length, 
separating  near  the  S.  extremity  so  as  to  embrace  the  Gulf 
of  Taranto.  The  entire  length  is  about  800  miles.  The 
Apennines  often  present  rounded  tops  and  a  uniform  crest, 
whence  branches  descend  to  the  coasts,  between  which,  val- 
leys, such  as  that  of  the  Tiber,  open  into  extensive  plains. 
But  the  S.  slope  of  that  part  of  the  chain  which  bounds  the 
Gulf  of  Genoa  is  composed  of  escarpments  which  rise  abruptly 
from  the  sea.  Among  the  detached  portions  of  the  Apen- 
nines are  the  mountains  of  Piombino  in  Tuscany,  Mount 
Albano  near  Rome,  and  Mount  Vesuvius  near  Naples.  None 
of  the  summits  attain  the  limit  of  perpetual  snow.  Mount 
Etna  (which  may  justly  be  regarded  as  forming  a  part  of 
the  Apennine  system),  and  Monte  Corno  (or  Monte  Cavallo), 
are  the  highest  points,  the  former  having  an  elevation  of 
about  10,874  feet,  the  latter  of  9519  feet.  The  other  prin- 
cipal summits  are  Monte  Cimone,  in  the  N.  Apennines,  6975 
feet,  and  Monte  Amaro,  in  the  S.  Apennines,  9131  feet;  but 
the  chain  in  general  is  much  lower.  The  S.W.  part  is  a 
volcanic  region,  comprising  Vesuvius,  the  only  active  vol- 
cano on  the  continent  of  Europe,  and  many  thermal  springs. 
On  the  N.  is  the  volcanic  mass  of  Voltore  near  Melfi.  The 
constitution  of  the  chain  is  chiefly  calcareous;  primary 
rocks  are  found  only  at  the  two  extremities,  in  Piedmont 
and  Calabria.  Iron  is  found  in  small  quantities,  and  ex- 
tensive saliferous  deposits  occur  near  Cosenza;  but  the 
celebrated  marble  of  Carrara,  Seravezza,  and  Sienna  consti- 
tutes the  chief  riches  of  the  Apennines.  Below  3200  feet 
in  elevation  the  flanks  of  the  principal  chain  are  covered 
with  a  varied  vegetation,  of  which  the  orange,  citron,  olive, 
and  palm  form  the  lower  zone;  but  forests  are  rare  in  the 
Apennines.  Above  3200  feet,  the  mountains  are  generally 
devoid  of  vegetation. 

Apenrade,  d.-p9n-r&'d^h,  or  Aabenraa,  ^'b^n-rS,', 
a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  on  a  fiord  of  the 
same  name  in  the  Little  Belt,  and  on  a  railway,  35  miles  N. 
of  Sleswick.  Lat.  55°  2' 46"  N.;  Ion.  9°  26' 12"  E.  Chief 
industry  in  agricultural  produce,  ship-building,  and  the 
transport  of  goods.     Pop.  5933. 

A'pex,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh 
&,  Augusta  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  h»« 
2  churches. 

Aphroditopolis.    See  Atfeh. 

Api,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides.    See  Apee. 

-4.pia,  &'pe-d,,  a  village  and  harbor  in  the  island  of  Upoln, 
Samoan  Group,  South  PaciQc  Ocean.  Lat.  14°  2'  S. ;  Ion. 
171°  21'  W.  The  harbor  is  small,  but  safe.  It  is  much 
resorted  to  by  whalers. 

Apiahy,  &-pe-&'ee,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of 
Sao  Paulo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Itapeteninga.     Pop.  1306. 

Apice,  i'pee-ehi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  3664. 

Apipe,  i-pee'pi,  a  large  island  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, in  the  river  Parani,  and  divided  from  Paraguay  by 
a  channel.     Here  are  the  la«t  rapids  of  the  river. 

Apiro  di  Cingoli,  i-pee'ro  dee  cheen'go-lee,  «.  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Maoerata,  near  the  Musone.  Pop. 
2888. 

Apish'apa,  or  Apish'pa,  a  river  of  Colorado,  rises 
near  the  Spanish  Peaks,  runs  northeastward  through  Laa 
Animas  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Bent  oo., 
near  Apishapa  Railroad  Station.   Length,  nearly  150  miles. 

Apishapa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Las  Animas  co.,  Colorado, 
73  miles  S.  of  Pueblo,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  near 
the  Spanish  Peaks.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  school  in  whiob 


API 


508 


APP 


the  Spanish  language  is  used.  It  is  ahout  15  miles  E.  of 
Apishapa  Station  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad. 

Apishapa,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Colorado,  oc  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Rail- 
road, near  the  mouth  of  the  Apishapa,  44  miles  E.  of  Puehlo. 

Aplerbeck,  S,'pl?r-b5k\  a  village  in  Westphalia,  on  a 
railway,  5  miles  E.S.E,  of  Dortmund.     Pop.  4173. 

Ap'lington,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad, 
123  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

ApO)  4'po,  or  Ap'po,  a  group  of  islands,  Strait  of  Min- 
doro,  Malay  Archipelago.   Lat.  12°  39'  N.;  Ion.  120°  28'  E. 

Apo,  i'po,  a  small  island  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Negros 
Island,  one  of  the  Philippines,  in  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  123°  E. 

Apoha'qui,or  Month  of  Mill-Stream,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick,  39  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  St.  John,     Pop.  300. 

Apol'acon,  a  townsh'p  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
528.     It  contains  Little  Meadows. 

Apolda^  i-pol'di,  a  town  of  Germany,  Saxe-Weimar, 
on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Weimar.  Pop.  10,507.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  and  manufactories  of  hosiery,  bells,  Ac. 

Apolima,  i-po-lee'm4,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Navi- 
gator's Islands.     Lat.  13°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  172°  3'  W. 

Apollinopolis  Magna,  the  ancient  name  of  Ebfoo. 

Apollinopolis  Parva,  the  ancient  name  of  Ghoos. 

Apol'Io,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Kiskiminetas  River,  and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the  river,  which  runs 
between  Apollo  and  the  railroad.  Apollo  has  5  churctites, 
a  graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  roll- 
ing-mill, and  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick.    Pop.  (1890)  2156. 

Apollo  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Bass's  Strait,  on  the  8.  coast 
of  Australia,  Victoria,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Phillip  Bay. 

Apollonia,  4-pol-lo'ne-a,  or  Amanahea,  &-m&-n&- 
hi'i,  a  district,  cape,  and  fort  in  Northwest  Africa,  on  the 
Gold  Coast.  The  district  between  the  rivers  Ankober  and 
Assinee  is  about  53  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  and  from 
10  to  15  miles  in  breadth.  Cape  Apollonia  is  in  lat.  4°  59' 
N.,  Ion.  2°  35'  W.  Fort  Apollonia,  a  British  settlement, 
stands  on  the  beach,  about  4  miles  from  the  cape. 

Apollonia,  the  ancient  name  of  Siseboli. 

Apolobamba,  &-po-lo-b3,m'b&,  or  Apolabamba,  a 
town  of  Bolivia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Beni,  on  the 
Tuiche,  165  miles  N.  of  La  Paz. 

Aponormeria,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Epanomeria. 

Apop'ka,  a  post-town  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  three  rail- 
roads, near  Apopka  Lake,  11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Orlando, 
and  about  80  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  wood-working  mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  490. 

Apos'tles  Islands,  in  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  where 
it  joins  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  52°  34'  S.,  Ion.  75°  6'  W. 

Apostles  Islands,  or  The  Twelve  Apostles,  a 
group  of  27  islands  in  Lake  Superior,  belong  to  Ashland  co.. 
Wis.  Among  them  are  Madeline,  Presque,  Alabama,  Aus- 
trian, Chapman,  Higgins,  Outer,  Oak,  Basswood,  Brown - 
stone.  Hermit's,  Michigan,  Shoal,  Rice's,  Hemlock,  Tates', 
Bear,  Devil's,  Willey's,  Steamboat,  Vaughn's,  Sand,  York, 
and  Raspberry  Islands.  They  have  about  200  square  miles 
in  land  area.  Brown  sandstone  (Potsdam)  is  extensively 
quarried  on  Basswood  Island  by  steam  machinery.  La- 
pointe,  on  Madeline  Island,  is  the  only  town  of  importance. 

Appalachee,  ap-pa-lah'chee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises 
in  Gwinnett  county.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Clarke  county  and  Walton  county, 
and-  enters  the  Oconee  where  the  (Georgia  Railroad  crosses 
that  river.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Appalachee  Bay,  a  large,  open  bay  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Florida.  Lat.  30°  N. ;  Ion.  84°  15'  W.  Breadth,  about 
90  miles ;  extent  inland,  50  miles. 

Appalachee  or  Apalachee  River,  Fla,,  an  arm  of 
Appalachee  Bay.     See  Saint  Mark's. 

Appala'chian  Mountains,  otherwise  called  the 
Alleghanies,  a  system  of  mountains  in  the  eastern  part 
of  the  United  States,  The  term  comprises  all  the  mountain- 
ridges  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Mississippi 
River.  The  system  extends  from  the  province  of  Quebec  to 
the  northern  part  of  Alabama,  nearly  1300  miles,  and  con- 
sists of  numerous  parallel  ridges,  the  direction  of  which  is 
nearly  N.E.  and  S.W,  Among  the  local  names  given  to 
these  mountains  are  White  Mountains  in  New  Hampshire, 
Green  Mountains  in  Vermont,  Adirondacks  in  New  York, 
Alleghanies  in  Pennsylvania,  Blue  Ridge  in  Virginia,  and 
Black  Mountains  in   North   Carolina.     In  Pennsylvania, 


which  is  near  the  middle,  the  mountains,  with  intervening 
valleys,  occupy  a  tract  about  100  miles  wide.  Towards  the 
extremities  they  diminish  in  width  but  increase  in  altitude. 
Mount  Washington,  in  New  Hampshire,  is  6288  feet  high ; 
Mount  Marcy,  in  New  York,  5467,  and  Mount  Mansfield,  in 
Vermont,  4430  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  highest 
peaks  of  the  whole  system  are  the  Black  Mountains .  of 
North  Carolina,  one  of  which,  the  Black  Dome,  is  6707  feet. 
In  Pennsylvania  they  present  no  high  peaks,  but  nearly 
straight,  parallel  ridges,  remarkable  for  their  regularity  and 
evenness  of  outline.  "  The  crest  of  the  ridges  seen  at  the 
horizon,"  says  Guyot,  "  appears  like  a  uniform  unindented 
line,  without  sharp  peaks  or  deep  passes." 

The  Appalachians  are  mostly  composed  of  stratified  rocks, 
sandstones,  shales,  and  limestones  oi  the  Silurian,  Devonian, 
and  Carboniferous  ages.  Granitic  or  metamorphio  rocks 
form  the  nuclei  of  several  high  peaks  in  Vermont,  New 
Hampshire,  and  New  York.  The  Silurian  strata  are  very 
thick.  "In  the  course  of  these  oscillations,"  says  Prof. 
Dana,  "  from  the  beginning  of  the  Trenton  to  the  close  of 
the  Niagara  period,  12,660  feet  of  rook  were  deposited  along 
the  Appalachians."  No  rock  more  recent  than  the  coal 
formation  is  found  on  or  near  their  summits.  This  system 
of  mountains  is  the  secondary  axis  in  the  continental  system 
of  highlands,  determines  the  trend  of  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  forms  the  water-shed  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  basin 
of  the  Mississippi.  Among  the  remarkable  features  of  the 
Appalachians  are  the  gaps  or  chasms  through  which  the 
Hudson,  Delaware,  and  Potomac  Rivers  find  a  passage. 
Grand  and  picturesque  scenery  also  occurs  among  the  White 
Mountains,  the  Catskills,  and  the  Adirondacks  (which  see). 
The  Appalachians  are  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  good 
timber,  including  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  chestnut,  white 
oak  and  other  oaks,  sugar-maple,  white  pine,  and  wild 
cherry.  They  contain  inexhaustible  deposits  of  magnetic 
iron  ore,  hematite,  anthracite  and  bituminous  coal,  with 
some  other  valuable  minerals.  The  great  Appalachian  coal- 
field occupies  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Virginia,  West 
Virginia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Alabama.  This  coal- 
field is  about  850  miles  long.  The  area  of  the  coal-beds 
which  can  be  profitably  worked  in  it  is  estimated  at  60,000 
square  miles.  "The  Appalachians,"  says  Dana,  "have 
probably  lost  by  denudation  more  material  than  they  now 
contain.  The  whole  Appalachian  region  consists  of  ridges 
of  strata  isolated  by  long  distances  from  others  with  which 
they  were  once  continuous." 

Ap^pala'chico'la,  a  river  of  Florida,  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Chattahoochee  and  Flint  Rivers,  which  unite 
at  the  S.W.  comer  of  Georgia.  It  flows  nearly  southward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Calhoun  and  Liberty  counties 
in  Florida,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  through  Appa- 
lachicola  Bay.  It  is  about  90  miles  long,  and  is  navigable 
by  steamboats  through  its  whole  extent. 

Appalachicola,  a  port  of  entry  and  capital  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Fla.,  is  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  Ap- 
palachicola River.  Cotton  is  shipped  at  this  port.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop. in  1880,  1336;  in  1890,  2727. 

Appalachicola  Bay,  Florida,  lies  between  St.  George's 
Island  and  the  mainland.  The  entrance  is  indicated  by  a 
fixed  light  at  the  N.W.  point  of  St.  George's  Island. 

Ap^pala'ga,  or  As*pala'ga,  a  post-village  of  Gads- 
den CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  Appalachicola  River,  10  miles  below 
Chattahoochee. 

Appanoose,  ap^pa-noos'  or  ap'pa-noos,  a  county  in 
the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of 
about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chariton 
River,  which  enters  it  in  the  extreme  N.W.,  and  continues 
its  course  through  the  county  in  a  southeasterly  direction. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Soap  and  Walnut  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies 
and  extensive  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  live-stock,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Rail- 
road at  Centreville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,456  j  in 
1880,  16,636;  in  1890,  18,961. 

Appanoose,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  9  miles  below  Dallas  City.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  1018. 

Appanoose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa. 

Apparizione,  &p-p&-rit-ze-o'n&,  a  town  of  North  Italy, 
province  of  Genoa.     Pop.  2546. 

Appeltern,  a.p'p§l-t6Rn\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  4i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Druten.     Pop.  3149* 


APP 


509 


APP 


Appennino,  the  Italian  name  for  the  Apennines. 

Appenweier,  ip'p?n-^r§r,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  two 
railways,  8  miles  E.  of  Kehl.     Pop.  1479. 

Appenzell,  &p-pdnt-sill',  a  canton  in  the  N.E.  of  Swit- 
lerland,  wholly  surrounded  by  the  canton  St.  Gall.  Area, 
153  square  miles.  Pop.  60,635.  It  is  subdivided  into  the 
Outer  and  Inner  Rh  jdes,  the  former  having  48,726  inhabit- 
ants, nearly  all  Protestants,  and  the  latter  12,000,  nearly 
all  Roman  Catholics.  Surface  mountainous,  especially  in 
the  S.,  where  Mount  Sentis  has  an  elevation  of  8232  feet. 
Chief  river,  the  Sitter,  which  runs  through  its  centre.  The 
inhabitants  of  Inner  Rhodes  are  mostly  agriculturists;  in 
Outer  Rhodes,  cotton-  and  linen-weaving,  embroidering,  and 
dyeing  are  the  principal  branches  of  industry.  Capital  of 
Inner  Rhodes,  Appenzell ;  of  Outer  Rhodes,  Trogen.  The 
government,  in  both  subdivisions,  is  vested  in  a  grand  coun- 
cil, which  meets  the  assembled  population  once  a  year  for 
legislative  business.  Appenzell  holds  the  13th  place  in  the 
Swiss  Confederation.     Chief  towns,  Trogen,  Gais,  and  Her- 

isau  in  Outer,  and  Appenzell  in  Inner  Rhodes. Inhab. 

Appenzeller,  ap-pfint-sfil'l^r. 

Appenzell)  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  Inner 
Rhodes,  in  the  above  canton,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Sitter, 
and  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Gall.  Pop.  3691,  mostly  Roman  Cath- 
olics. It  is  dirty  and  ill  built,  has  many  religious  edifices, 
a  council-house,  an  arsenal,  baths,  bleaching-grounds,  and 
a  trade  in  linen  fabrics. 

Appiano,  ip-pe-l'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Como,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2834. 

Ap'pian  Way,  a  great  road,  built  by  Appius  Claudius, 
the  Roman  censor,  in  313  B.C.,  from  Rome  to  Capua,  125 
miles,  but  in  later  years  extended  to  Beneventum  and 
Brundisium.  It  was  built  in  a  very  thorough  manner,  paved 
with  blocks  of  hewn  stone  laid  on  cement,  its  breadth  aver- 
aging about  20  feet.  Parts  have  been  excavated  and  found 
to  be  still  in  excellent  preservation. 

Appignano,  ip-peen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Macerata.     Pop.  2219. 

Appignano  di  Offida,  &p-peen-y&'no  de  of  fe-d&,  a 
town  of  Central  Italy,  province  of  Ascoli  Piceno.   Pop.  1726. 

Ap'pin,  a  wild  district  of  the  Scottish  Highlands,  Ar- 
gyleshire,  on  Loch  Linnhe,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Inverary. 

Ap'pin,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
railway,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

Appingedam,  ip^ping-ha-dim',  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3730. 

Ap'plebachsVille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
in  Haycock  township,  42  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Appleby,  ap'p'1-be  (probably  the  anc.  Aballaba),  a 
town  of  England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Westmoreland, 
on  the  Eden,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Penrith. 
Pop.  1989.  Chief  edifices,  the  castle,  the  church  of  St. 
Lawrence,  the  town  and  shire  halls,  a  grammar-school, 
founded  in  1574,  and  St.  Anne's  Hospital  for  Widows, 
founded  in  1654,  by  Lady  Pembroke. 

Appleby,  a  post- village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
railway,  11  miles  from  Hamilton.     Pop.  150. 

Apple  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southwestward  and  west- 
ward through  Greene  co,,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River. 

Apple  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  falls 
Into  Grand  River,  an  aflBuent  of  the  Osage  River. 

Apple  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Perry  co.,  runs  nearly 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  in  Cape  Girardeau  co. 

Apple  Creek,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  2626.     It  contains  Arnsberg. 

Apple  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  East 
Union  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Colum- 
bus Railroad,  98  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  300. 

Ap^pledore',  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Torridge,  at  its  mouth  in  Barnstaple  Bay,  2i  miles 
N.  of  Bideford. 

Appledore  Island,  Maine.    See  Isles  of  Shoals. 

Ap'plegate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  a  quarry  of  limestone  and  extensive  lime-kilns. 

Appiegate,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron. 

Appiegate,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Appiegate  Creek,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Appiegate  Creek,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
Jackson  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Rogue 
River  in  Josephine  co. 

Apple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  about 
25  miles  S.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 


Apple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  35  mile* 
from  Marion,  Va. 

Applegrove,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  18  miles  above  Pomeroy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Apple  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
South  Anna  River,  li  miles  from  Pendleton  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, which  is  53  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Apple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ma^on  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  12  miles  below  Gallipolis,  0. 

Apple  River,  of  Illinois,  flows  southwestward  through 
Jo  Daviess  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  about  7  miles 
above  Savanna,  in  Carroll  co. 

Apple  River,  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Polk  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Croix  River,  in  St.  Croix 
CO.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Hudson.     Length,  70  miles. 

Apple  River,  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  falls 
into  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  At  its  mouth  it  forms  a  good 
harbor. 

Apple  River,  a  post-village  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  in 
Apple  River  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galena.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop. 
about  700 ;  of  the  township  (1890),  9o0. 

Ap'pleton,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Ark.,  16  miles 
N.  of  Atkins,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  mills.     Pop.  200. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  Apple- 
ton  township,  on  George's  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Warren 
Station,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  several  lumber-mills,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1485. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and  on  two  railroads,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Benson.  It  has  6  churches,  a  state  bank,  a  brewery  and 
flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1200. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Jack- 
son.    It  has  a  brewery. 

Appleton,  a  post-office  of  Sheridan  co.,  Neb. 

Appleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  56. 

Appleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Port  Royal  Railroad,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta,  Gra. 

Appleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  IS 
miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski. 

Appleton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Fox  River  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Oshkosh,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Green  Bay, 
and  185  miles  from  Chicago.  The  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
<fc  Western  Railroad  connects  it  with  Milwaukee,  120  miles 
distant.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plateau  about  70 
feet  above  the  river,  and  near  the  rapids  called  Grand 
Chute,  which  afford  abundant  water-power.  It  has  2  na- 
tional banks  and  8  churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  Lawrence 
University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in 
1849.  Two  daily  and  5  Englisn  and  German  weekly  papers 
are  issued  here,  also  2  monthly  periodicals.  It  has  5  flour- 
milla,  6  paper-mills,  3  saw-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  chairs,  hubs,  spokes,  staves,  and  machinery  and 
farm-implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  8005;  in  1890,  11,958. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.    It  has  water 
power,  and  several  mills  and  woollen-factories.     Pop.  300. 

Appleton  City,  a  post- village  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  58  miles  S.W.  of 
Sedalia,  and  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1034  ;  in  1890,  1081. 

Apple  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
about  6  miles  N.  of  JefTerson. 

Ap'pling,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  1074  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Altamaha  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Hurricane 
Creek  and  other  head-streams  of  the  Satilla  River.  The 
surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  not  rich.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  live- 
stock, and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  i» 
intersected  by  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad.  Capital, 
Baxley.    Pop.  in  1870,  5086 ;  in  1880,  5276  j  in  1890,  8676. 

Appling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga., 
about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Appodi,  &p-po-dee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  rises  in  lat.  6°  25'  S.,  flows  N.N.E.,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  4°  32'  S.     Length,  150  miles. 

Appolonia,  Africa.    See  Apollonia. 


APP 


510 


AQU 


Ap^pomat'tox,  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  in  Appomat- 
tox CO.  Its  general  direction  is  eastward.  In  the  lower 
part  of  its  course  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Amelia 
and  Dinwiddle  cos.  on  the  right  and  Powhatan  and  Ches- 
terfield cos.  on  the  left,  and  enters  the  James  River  at  City 
Point.  Length,  about  150  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops 
or  small  steamboats  to  Petersburg,  about  16  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  by  freight-boats  to  Farmville,  100  miles  higher. 

Appomattox,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  317  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  James  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
head-streams  of  the  Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests ;  the  soil 

E reduces  tobacco,  Indian  com,  oats,  &c.  It  is  intersected 
y  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  The  James  River 
Canal  passes  along  the  border  of  the  county.  Capital,  Ap- 
pomattox Court-House.  Pop.  in  1880, 10,080 ;  in  1890,  9589. 

AppomattoX;  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Kansas,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Ulysses. 

Appomattox  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  is  3  miles  N.  of  Appomattox  Station  on  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  Railroad.  Here  Gen.  Lee  surrendered  his  army 
to  Gen.  Grant,  April  9,  1865,     It  has  a  church. 

Appomattox  Station,  in  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  23  miles  E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Ap^ponaug',  a  post- village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  Warwick  Bay  and  on  the  Stonington  <fc  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  fine  hotel,  the  Oriental  Print  Works,  a  woollen-yarn  fac- 
tory, and  steam  planing-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills.    Pop.  703. 

Appon^egan'sett,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
in  Dartmouth  township,  3  miles  from  New  Bedford.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Ap'pong',  one  of  the  three  large  islands  N.B.  of  the 
coast  of  Sumatra,  in  the  Straits  of  Malacca,  about  90  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Singapore. 

Appoquin'imink,  a  small  creek  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  flows  eastward  into  Delaware  Bay. 

Appoquinimink,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del. 
Pop.  4299.  It  extends  across  the  state,  and  includes  several 
villages. 

Apremont,  i^pr§h^m6No',  or  Aspremont,  is^pr§h^- 
ra6N»'  (Ital.  Aspromonte,  is-pro-mon'ti),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Alpes-Maritimes,  6  miles  N.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1700. 

Apricena,  i-pre-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Foggia,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  5368. 

Aprigliano,  5,-preel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3857. 

Aps,  ips  (anc.  Al'ha  Angus' taf),  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  ArdSche,  12  miles  S.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1592. 

Apsheron,  or  Abscheron,  &p-shi-ron',  written  also 
Apcheron  and  Abcheron,  a  peninsula  of  the  Russian 
dominions,  extending  for  40  miles  into  the  Caspian  Sea,  and 
terminating  in  Cape  Apsheron.  Lat.  40°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  12' 
E.  It  forms  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Caucasian  chain,  and  is 
of  miocene  origin,  underlaid  by  coal-bearing  Jurassic  rocks. 
Its  soil  is  impregnated  with  sulphur  and  inflammable  gas. 
(See  Atesh-Ga.)  Large  quantities  of  black  and  white 
naphtha  and  petroleum  are  obtained  annually  in  this  pen- 
insula, besides  saffron,  madder,  and  salt.  On  its  S.  coast  is 
the  port  of  Bakoo. 

Apsley  (aps'lee)  River,  Australia,  colony  of  New  South 
Wales,  rises  near  lat.  31°  S.  and  Ion.  151°  40'  E.,  flows 
eastward,  and  enters  the  McLeay  River.  Its  course  is 
partly  in  a  great  canon  with  walls  1000  feet  high. 

Ap'sley  Strait  is  between  Melville  and  Bathurst 
Islands,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Australia.  Length,  46  miles ; 
breadth,  from  li  to  4  miles.   Shores  bordered  by  mangroves. 

Apsorns,  the  ancient  name  of  Lossini. 

Apt,  S,pt  (anc.  Ap'ta  Ju'lia),  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vaucluse,  on  the  Calavon,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avi- 
gnon. Pop.  5940.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a 
curious  cathedral  and  many  Roman  antiquities,  with  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs,  earthenware,  and  con- 
fectionery.    It  was  embellished  by  Caesar. 

Ap'to,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles 
from  Barrie.     Pop.  100. 

Aptos,  ap'tSs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  CaJ.,  on 
the  Santa  Cruz  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Santa  Cruz.  It 
has  a  church. 

Apulia,  S,-pu'le-a,  or  La  Puglia,  IS,  pool'yi,  an  an- 
cient province  of  Southern  Italy,  one  of  the  divisions  of 
Magna  Graecia,  and  at  present  a  compartimento  of  the  king- 
dom of  Italy,  forming  the  provinces  of  Bari,  Foggia,  and 
Lee-;e.     Area,  8541  square  miles.     Pop.  1,778,323. 

Apu'lia,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fabius 


township,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  a  chair- 
factory,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  181. 

Apure,  i-poo'rd,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  and  one  of  the 
chief  tributaries  of  the  Orinoco,  rises  in  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  near  lat.  7°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  W.,  flows  generally 
eastward,  and  joins  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  7°  40'  N.  and  Ion. 
66°  45'  W.  Its  aflSuents,  including  the  Portuguesa  and 
Guarico,  are  mostly  from  the  N.  On  it  are  the  towns  of 
Nutrias  and  San  Fernando. 

Apurimac,  i-poo-re-mJLk',  a  river  of  South  America, 
rises  in  a  lake  in  the  Andes  of  Peru,  in  lat.  15°  38'  S.,  Ion. 
76°  25'  W.,  which  may  be  considered  the  true  source  of  the 
Amazon.  It  flows  through  a  mountainous  country  in  a  N. 
direction,  and,  joining  the  Ucay  or  Vilcamayu  in  lat.  9°  15' 
S.,  Ion.  72°  30'  W.,  forms  the  Ucayale,  the  principal  head- 
stream  of  the  Amazon.  Its  whole  course,  till  it  meets  the 
Ucay,  is  between  500  and  600  miles. 

Apurimac,  a  department  of  Peru,  divided  into  the 
provinces  of  Abancay,  Aimaraez,  Anta,  Andahuaylas,  and 
Cotabambas.  Capital,  Abancay.  Area,  62,325  square  miles. 
Pop.  119,246. 

Aqs,  a  town  of  France.    See  Dax. 

Aqua,  S.k'wa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  at 
Decatur  Station,  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Aquackanock,  New  Jersey.    See  Acquackanonck. 

Aqua-de-Lobo,  i,^kw3,-d^-lo'bo,  a  post-o£Bce  of  Taoa 
CO.,  New  Mexico. 

Aquae,  the  ancient  name  of  Acqtji. 

Aquae  Augustae,  the  ancient  name  of  Dax. 

Aquae  Bilbilitanse,  the  ancient  name  of  Alhaubra. 

Aquae  Borvonis.     See  Bourbonne-les-Bains. 

Aquae  Calidae,  the  Latin  name  of  Caldas-de-Mombpt 

Aquae  Calidae,  the  ancient  name  of  Haumam-Lef. 

Aquae  Calidae,  the  ancient  name  of  Vichy. 

Aquae  Calidae  Ciliorum.    See  Orense. 

Aquae  Convenarum.    See  BAGNiRES-DE-LocHON. 

Aquae  Flaviae,  the  ancient  name  of  Chaves. 

Aquae  Gratianae,  the  ancient  name  of  Aix. 

Aquae  Latae,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Igtjalada. 

Aquae  Mortuae,  the  Latin  name  of  Aigues-Mortes. 

Aquae  Nerae,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Nbris. 

Aquae  Perennes,  the  Latin  name  of  Epernat. 

Aquae  Sextiae,  an  ancient  name  of  Aix. 

Aquae  Solis,  the  ancient  name  of  Bath. 

Aquae  Statiellae,  the  ancient  name  of  Acqui. 

Aquae  Tacapitanae.    See  £l  Hahhah  de  Cases. 

Aquae  Tauri,  ancient  name  of  Bagni  della  Porretta. 

Aquae  Tibilitanae.    See  Hammam-el-Berdaah. 

Aquae  Vivae,  the  Latin  name  of  Aigues-Vives. 

Aquaforte,  i^kwa-for't§,  a  fishing-settlement  and  har- 
bor of  Newfoundland,  48  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  213. 

Aqua  Fria  (i'kwa  free'a)  Valley,  Yavapai  co.,  Ari- 
zona.   See  Agtta  Fria  Valley. 

Aquambo,or  Aquamboe,  i-kwim^bo',  written  also 
Akamboe,  a  couatry  of  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  E.  of  the 
river  Volta,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Aquapim,  S,-kwS,-peem'  or  i-kw4-peeNo',  a  region  of 
the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa,  about  lat.  6°  N.  and  Ion.  0°, 
having  S.  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  The  inhabitants  live  mostly 
on  yams  and  dried  fish.  They  have  some  domestic  manu- 
factures, but  most  of  the  woven  fabrics  in  use  are  of  English 
manufacture,  and  are  paid  for  in  palm  oil  and  gold-dust. 
It  is  under  British  protection. 

Aquara,  i-kwi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 16i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  3338. 

Aquaria,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Eyguieres. 

Aquas'co,  or  Wood'ville,  a  post-village  of  Prince 
George's  co.,  Md.,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Aquashicola,  a-kwash'i  ko-la  or  akVa-shick'9-la,  a 
post-office  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  is  at  Millport. 

Aquebogue,  ak'kwe-bog,  a  village  in  Riverhead  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  west  of  Riverhead  village.  Pop. 
350,  exclusive  of  Old  Aquebogue  or  Jamesport. 

Aqueduct,  ak'kwe-duct,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Aquetong,  ak'we-tSng,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
3  miles  from  Lambertville,  N.J.     It  has  a  church. 

Aqui'a  Creek,  a  deep  tidal  channel,  10  miles  long,  in 
Stafford  co.,  Va.,  enters  the  Potomac  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Fredericksburg.  The  river-port  of  the  same  name  was 
before  the  war  of  considerable  commercial  importance,  but 
is  now  much  decayed.  It  contains  an  Episcopal  church, 
built  before  1760. 

Aquianum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Evian. 


AQU 


511 


ARA 


Aquila,  i'kwe-li,  a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the 

frorince  of  Aquila,  on  the  Aterno,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Rome, 
op.  15,732.  This  is  one  of  the  best-built  and  most  com- 
mercial cities  in  the  Abruzzi.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has  manu- 
factures of  paper  and  linen,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  college  and 
a,n  academy.  Aquila  was  built  by  the  Emperor  Frederick 
II.  from  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Amiter'num,  some  vestiges 
of  which  city  are  still  traceable. 

Aquila,  formerly  Abruzzo  Ulteriore  (i-broot'so 
ool-ti-re-o'ri)  II.,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Abruzzi, 
between  the  Apennines  and  the  province  of  Home.  Area, 
2509  square  miles.  Capital,  Aquila.  Pop.  332,784. 
Aquila,  the  Latin  name  of  Laigle. 
Aquileja,  4-kwe-li'yi,  or  Ag^iar',  a  town  of  Austria, 
government  of  Triest,  at  the  head  of  the  Adriatic,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Triest.  Pop.  828.  In  the  time  of  the  Romans 
this  was  the  centre  of  commerce  between  the  N.  and  S.  of 
Europe ;  and  its  population  was  reckoned  at  100,000  before 
it  was  taken  and  burned  by  Attila.  It  was  then  called  the 
tecond  Borne,  and  the  Emperor  Augustus  often  resided  in 
it.     Many  remains  of  antiquity  are  found  in  its  vicinity. 

Aquil'la,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  166  milea  by 
rail  S.B.  of  Albany,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Waoo. 

Aq  uino,  4-kwee'no  (anc.  Aqui'num),  a  town  and  bishop's 
see  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  on  the  railway  from  Rome 
to  Naples,  5  miles  "N.E.  of  Pontecorvo.  Pop.  2115.  It  was 
the  birthplace  of  Juvenal  and  Thomas  Aquinas. 

Aquiras,  5,-kee'ris,  a  small,  poor  village  of  Brazil,  but 
the  oJdest  in  the  state  of  Ceara,  on  the  Pacoti,  between 
Lake  Aquiras  and  the  ocean. 
Aquis  Granum.  See  Aix-la-Chapelle. 
Aquitaine,  akVe-tdne'  (Fr.  pron.  i^keeHfin' ;  L.  Aqui- 
ia'nia),  one  of  the  four  great  divisions  of  Gaul  as  known  to 
the  Romans.  It  subsequently  took  the  name  of  Guienne, 
and  at  present  forms  the  departments  of  Gironde  and  Lot- 
et-Garonne. 

Aquitanicus  Sinus.    See  Bay  of  Biscay. 
Aquokee,  a  river  of  Georgia.     See  TocoA. 
Aquo'ne,  a  post-oflSce  of  Macon  co.,  N.C. 
Ara,  i'ri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  unites  with  the 
Cinca  about  25  miles  N.  of  Barbastro.     Length,  45  miles. 

Arabah,  &'r&-b4,  (Arab,  for  "  desert"),  or  The  Ara- 
bah,  called  also  El  Ghor,  a  valley  in  Arabia  leading 
from  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Dead  Sea  to  the  north- 
ern end  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah.  It  is  112  miles  long,  and 
has  the  steep  and  lofty  range  of  Mount  Seir  on  the  east,  the 
western  escarpment  being  less  elevated.  The  same  name  is 
given  to  the  great  desert  between  Babylon  and  Jerusalem. 

Arabat,  ar^&-b&t',  a  fortress  of  the  Crimea,  on  the  Sea 
of  Azof,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simferopol. 

Arabat,  a  narrow  tongue  of  land,  70  miles  long,  sepa- 
rating the  Sea  of  Azof  from  the  Putrid  Sea.     See  Sivash. 

Arabat- el-Mad^foon',  called  also  Madfuneh,  a 
village  of  Egypt,  6  miles  from  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  and 
100  miles  below  Thebes,  is  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Abydos.  Here  is  a  ruined  Memnonium,  dedicated  to  Osiris. 
Arabgheer,  Arabgir,  &-r&b-gheer',  or  Arabkir, 
A-rib-keer',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Seevas, 
near  the  Euphrates,  135  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trebizond. 

Arabi,  ar'a-bee,  a  post-village  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  75 
•miles  by  rail  S.  of  Macon.     Pop.  250. 

Arabi,  a  post-village  of  St.  Bernard  parish,  La.,  near 
the  Gulf  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Arabia,  a-ri'be-a,  called  in  poetical  language  Araby, 
4r'a-be  (Arab.  Jezeeret- or  Jeziret-el-Arab,  je-zeer'^t^l  i'rib, 
i.e.,  "  the  Isle  or  Peninsula  of  the  Arabs ;"  Turk,  and  Per- 
sian, Arabistan,  i-rib-e-stin',  i.e.,  "Arab  country j"  Fr. 
Arabie,  i^ri^bec';  Ger.  Ai-abien,  i-r^'be-^n;  h.  Ara'bia), 
the  S.W.  part  of  Asia,  is  encompassed  on  three  sides  by  the 
sea,  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Persian  Gulf,  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Indian  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Red  Sea.  Its  most 
6.  point — Ras  Arab  (Cape  St.  Anthony) — stands  in  lat.  12° 
35'  N.,  Ion.  43°  56'  E.  Thirty  miles  to  the  W.  of  it  are  the 
Straits  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  The  most  eastern  point  of  Ara- 
bia^Ras-al-Had— stands  in  lat.  22°  23'  N.,  Ion.  59°  65'  E. 
A  line  drawn  from  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Suez  to  that  of 
the  Persian  Gulf,  and  marking  the  limits  of  the  Arabian 

Seninsula  on  the  N.,  will  run  nearly  in  the  30th  parallel  of 
\.  latitude.  But  beyond  or  N.  of  this  line  extends  a  vast 
desert,  which,  being  occupied  chiefly  by  Arab  tribes,  is  also 
<5alled  Arabia :  it  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  valley  of  the 
Euphrates,  on  the  W.  by  the  depressed  tract  in  which  lie 
the  Jordan  and  the  Dead  Sea,  while  towards  the  N.  it  grad- 
ually contracts,  till  it  terminates  in  about  lat.  34°  N. ;  so  that 
Arabia  extends  in  length  from  N.  to  S.  through  21  degrees  of 
(Mtitude.  or  nearly  1300  geographical  miles,  while  its  average 


breadth  may  be  about  600  miles.  It  includes  also  the  penin- 
sula of  Sinai,  between  the  Gulf  of  Suez  and  that  of  Akabah. 
The  area  does  not  fall  short  of  920,000  square  miles. 

Notwithstanding  the  interest  attaching  to  a  country  the 
inhabitants  of  which  have  enacted  most  important  parts  in 
the  history  of  mankind,  we  still  remain  very  imperfectly 
acquainted  with  it.  European  travellers  have  hitherto  pene- 
trated to  a  short  distance  only  from  its  coasts.  We  know, 
however,  that  Arabia,  taken  collectively,  is  an  arid,  sun- 
burnt wilderness, — the  hills  naked  rocks,  the  plains  rough 
stone  or  drifting  sand.  In  this  dreary  waste  may  be  traced, 
here  and  there,  particularly  near  the  mountains  in  the  S. 
half  of  the  peninsula,  some  green  spots  which  receive  the 
benefit  of  rains ;  and  the  wadies  or  valleys,  descending  from 
the  rain-collecting  heights,  figure  as  so  many  green  lines, 
more  or  less  strongly  marked.  But  it  is  seldom  that  the 
tracts  of  cultivated  land,  even  in  the  plains,  attain  a  width 
of  20  miles ;  so  that  all  the  irrigated  lowlands  and  all  the 
green  wadies,  taken  together,  bear  but  a  small  proportion  to 
the  whole  peninsula. 

Arabia  is  commonly  divided  into  three  parts:  Arabia 
Felix,  or  happy;  Petr^a^  or  stony;  and  Desert  A,  or 
desert.  Arabia  Felix  borders  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  and  the  S.  part  of  the  Red  Sea  j  Arabia  Petraea 
lies  on  the  Red  Sea,  N.  of  Arabia  Felix,  and  is  understood 
to  include  the  territory  N.W.  of  Arabia  Deserta ;  Arabia 
Deserta  includes  all  the  central  portion.  Among  the  Ara- 
bians these  names  are  not  known.  They  call  Arabia  Deserta, 
Nedjed  or  Nej'd;  Arabia  Petrsea,  El  Hejaz;  Arabia  Felix 
is  divided  into  Yemen,  Hadramaut,  Oman,  and  Lahsa; 
which  will  be  treated  of  under  their  respective  heads.  The 
above  divisions  are  very  loosely  laid  down,  and  the  limits 
have  varied  considerably  at  different  periods. 

The  cultivated  tracts  of  Arabia  are  generally  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  mountains,  the  torrents  from  which,  in  the 
rainy  season,  collect  soil  and  endow  it  with  fertility.  There 
are  also  some  oases  or  productive  spots,  surrounded  by 
deserts,  and  which  seem  to  indicate  that  the  waters  of 
streams  lost  in  the  sands  higher  up  are  here  brought  to 
the  surface.  The  mountains  rise,  as  far  as  we  have  any 
knowledge  of  them,  at  no  great  distance  from  the  sea-shore, 
and  form  a  kind  of  elevated  frame,  which  encloses  the  greater 
part  of  the  peninsula.  On  the  W.,  along  the  shores  of  the 
Red  Sea — a  distance  of  1000  miles — the  Arabian  mountains 
are  conspicuous  throughout,  presenting  peaked  summits  of 
naked  rock,  from  6000  to  8000  feet  in  height,  and  varying 
from  12  to  60  miles  in  distance  from  the  coast. 

The  sterility  of  Arabia  is  sufficiently  proclaimed  when  it 
is  stated  that  that  vast  country  has  no  considerable  and 
scarcely  any  permanent  rivers.  A  few  small  streams,  in- 
deed, in  Oman,  as  the  Massora  and  Sib,  are  said  to  contain 
water  and  to  flow  throughout  the  year. 

To  the  extreme  dryness  of  the  atmosphere  and  its  free- 
dom from  cloud  or  vapor — conditions  tending  to  accelerate 
evaporation  and  the  radiation  of  heat — may  be  ascribed  the 
remarkable  degree  of  cold  occasionally  felt  in  Arabia,  and 
which  has  given  rise  to  very  erroneous  conjectures  respect- 
ing the  elevation  of  that  country.  At  Tayf,  not  aoove 
3200  feet  in  absolute  elevation,  and  in  lat.  21°  12'  N.,  snow 
is  said  to  fall  once  in  every  four  years ;  and  the  mountains 
in  the  neighborhood,  from  5000  to  6000  feet  high,  are  an- 
nually covered  with  snow.  Farther  S.,  ice  and  snow  are  of 
frequent  occurrence  on  mountains  from  6000  to  8000  feet  in 
height;  while  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Bed  Sea  they  are 
hai^ly  known  at  the  height  of  12,000  feet.  Yet  Muscat,  on 
the  coast  of  Oman,  is  perhaps  the  hottest  inhabited  place 
on  earth, — a  distinction  which  it  owes  in  a  measure  to  its 
situation  beneath  bare  cliffs,  which  reverberate  the  heat. 
At  this  place  the  thermometer  in  the  shade  in  June  gen- 
erally rises  above  100°  Fahr.  in  the  afternoon.  The  heat  of 
Mocha,  also,  and  the  adjacent  teh&ma,  is  to  Europeans  in- 
supportable in  summer.  The  violent  changes  of  tempera- 
ture which  occur  are  prejudicial  to  health.  The  humid  S. 
wind,  the  cold  and  dry  N.  wind,  and  the  storms  from  the 
E.,  attended  with  clouds  of  fine  sand,  all  bring  with  them 
the  seeds  of  disease.  The  coast  of  £1  Hejaz  is  thought  to 
be  particularly  unhealthy,  and  of  late  the  plague,  from  which 
Arabia  previously  boasted  to  be  exempt,  nas  been  added  tc 
the  list  of  endemic  diseases. 

The  flora  of  Arabia  seems  to  be  made  up  of  contribu- 
tions from  Africa,  India,  and  Armenia,  and  the  date-palm 
thrives  even  where  the  ground  is  covered  with  incrustations 
of  salt.  On  the  S.  coast,  towards  Oman,  the  mango  and 
cocoanut  are  occasionally  met  with.  Farther  inland  grow 
the  fig-tree,  the  tamarind,  the  almond,  and,  in  Oman,  the 
orange,  the  lemon,  and  the  citron.  With  these  grow  laven- 
der, wormwood,  jasmine,  and  other  scented  plants.    As  th« 


ARA 


512 


ARA 


mountains  are  ascended,  the  vegetation  assumes  a  more 
European  character.  Apricots,  plums,  pomegranates,  and 
grapes  are  found  at  the  height  of  from  3000  to  4000  feet; 
«nd  above  these  the  mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of 
juniper.  The  cotton-plant  and  the  sugar-cane  grow  in  the 
tehdma  or  coast-lands;  the  gum  arable,  the  aloe,  and  the 
caaaia  fistula  prefer  the  hills ;  and  the  tree  which  yields 
frankincense  abounds  in  the  mountains  of  Shejer  or  Shehr. 

The  Arabs  cultivate  wheat,  rice,  barley,  and  doorrah  or 
holcua  vulgare,  besides  bananas,  watermelons,  and  other 
garden-produce ;  but  their  chief  dependence  is  on  their  date 
plantations.  These  occupy  everywhere  the  irriguous  land, 
the  level  margin  of  the  stream,  the  low  sea-marsh,  or  the 
hollow  moistened  by  land-springs.  The  borders  only  of 
these  favored  spots,  if  they  admit  of  having  water  occa- 
sionally led  to  them,  are  given  up  to  the  cultivation  of 
grain.  Near  every  large  date  plantation  there  is  ordinarily 
a  fort,  with  high  walls  and  dry  ditch,  round  which  is  col- 
lected nearly  the  whole  population  of  the  district  or  toady. 
The  cultivation  of  cofiFee  was  introduced  into  Arabia  from 
Southern  Abyssinia ;  and  the  best  coffee  exported  from  Mooha, 
even  at  the  present  day,  is  the  produce  of  Abyssinia. 

The  Bedouin  procures  his  supplies  of  cloth,  oil,  and  other 
luxuries  in  exchange  for  civet,  musk,  ostrich-feathers,  and 
other  trifles,  but  chiefly  for  his  horses  and  camels.  The  trade 
in  coffee,  almonds,  balsam,  senna,  and  gums  enriches  a  few 

EroprietorS;  but  the  chief  mercantile  wealth  of  Arabia  always 
as  been  derived  from  the  carrying  trade.  The  Arab  is  the 
active  factor  who  distributes  the  cotton  cloth  of  India  through- 
out half-civilized  Africa,  and  carries  back  ivory,  gums,  and 
dyewoods.  The  productions  of  Arabia  are,  as  a  source,  of 
wealth,  quite  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the  advan- 
tages of  occupying  the  coasts  which  connect  India  with 
Africa  and  Europe.  The  pearl  banks  in  the  Persian  Gulf 
extend  from  Bahrein  E.  above  300  miles.  These  give  em- 
ployment to  nearly  30,000  men  and  from  1600  to  2000 
boats,  yielding  some  $1,000,000  yearly.  There  is  also  some 
sponge,  coral,  and  pearl  fishery  in  the  Red  Sea,  on  the  coasts 
of  El  Hejaz.  On  the  S.  coasts  of  Arabia  the  fishermen  collect 
much  ambergris  and  tortoise-shell,  with  immense  quantities 
of  fish,  particularly  on  the  coast  between  Mahrah  and  Oman. 
It  seems  certain  that  the  trade-routes  of  the  Arabs  in  the 
flourishing  days  of  Tyre  and  Sidon  nearly  coincided  with 
those  followed  in  the  days  of  the  Caliphs,  when  the  caravans 
started  from  Bahrein  for  Bagdad,  and  thence  crossed  the 
Syrian  deserts  to  Aleppo,  Damascus,  or  Egypt;  or  from 
Dhofar  and  the  ports  of  Hadramaut  they  passed  through 
Yemen  on  their  way  N.  The  establishment  of  the  Moham- 
medan religion  had  the  effect  of  reviving  this  branch  of 
industry,  for  the  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  which  waa  enjoined 
on  all  true  believers,  drew  crowds  from  all  parts  of  the  Mo- 
hammedan world.  This  conflux  of  strangers  required  large 
supplies,  and  gave  great  activity  to  trade ;  besides,  the  pil- 
grim caravans  experienced  favor  and  protection  in  all  Mo- 
hammedan countries;  and  hence  the  merchants,  taking 
advantage  of  the  security  thus  enjoyed,  united  commercial 
speculation  with  the  work  of  piety.  These  caravans  (or 
hdfilaha,  as  the  Arabs  call  them)  are  at  times  exceedingly 
numerous.  There  are  authentic  accounts  of  caravans  to 
Mecca  which  numbered  120,000  camels.  The  ordinary  com- 
mercial caravans  rarely  exceed  1000  loaded  camels. 

History. — In  early  times  Arabia  was  called  by  the  He- 
brews Kedem,  or  the  "East,"  and  its  inhabitants  J?en<* 
Kedem,  or  people  of  the  East.  The  name  Arabia,  when  it 
occurs  in  the  Scriptures,  is  not  applied  to  the  whole  penin- 
sula. The  doctors  of  the  Koran  ascribe  the  origin  of  the 
Arab  nation  to  the  sons  of  Iram  (Aram),  Ad,  Thameed, 
Jorhum,  Ac,  whose  posterity  are  styled  Arab-el-Arabah,  or 
thorough-bred  Arabs.  The  sons  of  Eahtan  (Yoktan)  are 
entitled  Mootarabah  (MUtarabah),  or  Arabs  by  adoption ; 
and  the  Ishmaelites  are  named,  in  a  similar  sense,  Musta- 
rabah.  But  it  may  be  inferred  from  the  Hebrew  Scriptures 
that  some  of  the  posterity  of  Ham  settled  in  Southern 
Arabia,  which  was  thus  closely  connected  with  the  land  of 
Canaan  (Phenicia) ;  and  this  connection  is  also  testified  by 
profane  historians.  The  different  branches  of  the  Semitic 
race,  who  occupied  at  an  early  epoch  the  Arabian  peninsula, 
spoke  different  dialects ;  but  the  prevalence  since  acquired  by 
the  language  of  the  Koran  has  for  the  most  part  effaced  such 
distinctions.  The  upper  classes  in  Mahrah,  and  especially 
in  Dhofar,  speak  a  peculiar  language  called  Ehkili,  the  an- 
cient Himyaritic.  At  March,  as  well  as  at  several  places 
along  the  S.  coast,  inscriptions  in  the  Himyaritic  tongue  and 
characters  (probably  the  unknown  character  described  by 
Arab  writers  under  the  name  of  Musnad)  have  been  copied ; 
and  from  the  study  of  them  it  has  been  found  that  the 
Himyaritic  anguage  bore  a  close  resemblance  to  Syriac  and 


Hebrew,  and  still  more  to  Ethiopic.  Anterior  to  Moham- 
med, Himyaritic  waa  the  general  language  of  Southern: 
Arabia ;  but  the  language  of  the  Koran  quickly  displaced 
it.  The  tribes  who  now  speak  Ehkeelee  (Ehkili)  are  to  be- 
considered  descendants  of  that  portion  of  the  population, 
who  rejected  the  proffered  Isldm  in  the  first  instance,  but 
have  since  received  it.  The  others  lost,  with  their  language, 
a  chief  mark  of  race,  but  they  still  retain  habits  and  dis- 
positions which  broadly  distinguish  them  from  their  Ish- 
maelite  neighbors  farther  N.  It  would  appear  that  Jews 
were  always  numerous  in  Arabia.  Their  Scripture  found 
favor  with  the  people,  who  were  quite  willing  to  believa 
themselves  the  posterity  of  Yoktan,  or  of  Abraham.  Hence 
the  great  majority  are  probably  not  Israelites,  but  descend- 
ants of  Judaizing  Arabs.  Jews  are  to  be  found  in  all  the 
chief  market-towns  of  Arabia,  except  in  El  Hejaz,  where 
they  are  forbidden.  In  Muscat  alone  they  are  exempt  from 
insult  and  vexation.  The  northern  tribes  seem  to  have  bor- 
rowed from  the  pantheons  of  all  the  nations  with  whom 
they  came  in  contact ;  and  the  Kaaba  is  said  to  have  con- 
tained at  one  time  300  idols.  But  Mohammed  put  an  end 
to  this  superstition  by  establishing  a  pure  monotheism,  with 
which  he  associated  much  ritual  observance.  The  Ishmael- 
ites, the  fellow-countrymen  of  Mohammed,  hastened  to  rally 
round  him  as  soon  as  success  began  to  gleam  on  his  career, 
but  in  the  S.,  where  Judaism  and  Chris{ianity  had  gaine<i 
firmer  footing,  the  new  creed  met  with  obstinate  resistance^ 

With  the  diJSusion  of  the  new  faith  a  new  destiny  seemed 
opened  to  the  Arabs.  Within  the  course  of  a  few  genera- 
tions, Arab  dynasties  were  established  from  Central  Asia  and 
the  frontiers  of  India,  to  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  in  Mo- 
rocco and  Spain.  In  the  flourishing  days  of  the  Caliphs  the 
Arab  merchant  visited  China,  the  interior  of  Africa,  ther 
shores  of  the  Baltic,  and  Siberia.  Arab  commerce  at  one 
time  embraced  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Old  World.  But 
this  wide-spread  superiority  was  transient.  The  power  of 
the  Caliphs  was  extinguished,  after  many  a  struggle,  by  that 
of  the  Ottomans,  and  in  trade  the  Arabs  were  gradually  and 
completely  supplanted  by  Western  nations. Adj.  Ara- 
bian, a-ri'be-an,  Arabic,  ir'a-bik,  and  Arabesque,  lLr^%- 
>^-k' ;  inhab.  Arab,  4r'ab,  and  Arabian. 

Ara'bia^  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  about  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Ironton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill, 

Arabian  Gulf,  a  name  applied  to  the  Red  Sea. 

Ara'bian  Sea,  a  large  sea  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia, 
lying  between  the  peninsula  of  Hindostan  on  the  E.  and 
Arabia  on  the  W.  The  distance  from .  the  Arabian  to  the 
Indian  coast  may  be,  at  the  broadest  part,  about  1500  miles. 

Arabicus  Sinus,  a  Latin  name  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Arabic  and  Arabien.    See  Arabia. 

Arabis,  a  river  of  Southern  Asia.    See  Poorallt. 

Arabischen  Meerbusen,  the  German  for  Red  Sea. 

Arabistan',  an  Oriental  name  of  Arabia,  and  of  th» 
other  regions  where  the  Arabs  dwell. 

Arabkir,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Arabgheer. 

Arabo  and  Arabona,  ancient  names  of  Raab. 

Ar'aby,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  57  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Araby,  the  poetical  name  of  Arabia. 

Aracaju,  3.-r&-k&-zhoo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Sergipe,  on  the  river  Cotindiba,  5  miles  from  the 
sea,  and  15  miles  below  Maroim.  It  has  a  good  anchor- 
age, the  bar  not  admitting  ships  of  more  than  12  feet 
draught.  Steamboats  ply  to  Maroim.  Chief  exports,  cot- 
ton, sugar,  and  hides.     Pop.  5000. 

Aracan,  Arrakan,  or  Arracan,  &r^ra-kan'  or  &-r&- 
kin'  (called  by  the  natives  Rakhaing,  ri-King'  or  r4-kiN°')>  * 
division  of  British  Burmah,  extending  along  the  E,  side  of  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  between  lat.  16°  and  21°  33'  N.,  and  Ion.  92° 
and  95°  E.,  having  on  the  E.  the  Burmese  dominions,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  Yoomadung  mountain-range,  and 
on  the  N.  the  British  district  of  Chittagong.  Area  estimated 
at  18,530  square  miles.  Pop.  488,565.  The  chief  rivers  are 
the  Aracan,  Myoo,  Naaf,  and  Sandoway,  all  in  some  degree 
navigable.  Along  the  coasts  are  numerous  islands.  The 
soil  of  the  higher  grounds  is  a  rich  loam ;  that  of  the  lower 
and  most  extensive  portion  is  chiefly  argillaceous.  Elevated 
forests,  wooded  valleys,  rivers,  and  small  lakes  form  the  gen- 
eral features  of  the  mountain  district.  Between  the  moun- 
tains and  the  sea,  thickly- wooded  jungles,  intersected  by 
rivers,  lakes,  creeks,  and  inlets,  render  communication  ex- 
ceedingly difficult.  The  chief  products  are  rice,  indigo, 
cotton,  timber,  salt,  oil,  buffalo  hides  and  horns,  ivory,  to- 
bacco, silk,  and  fruits,  which  are  exported  in  return  for 
betel  and  British  and  Indian  manufactures.  Iron,  coal,  and 
naphtha  are  found  along  the  coast.  Aracan  is  subdivided 
into  the  districts  of  Akyab,  Ramree,  Northern  Aracan,  and 


I 


ARA 


513 


ARA 


Bandoway ;  chief  town,  Akyab ;  chief  military  station, 
Kyook  Phyoo,  This  province  was  conquered  by  the  Bur- 
mese in  1784,  and  taken  from  them  by  the  British  in  1824. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Aracanese,  ;Va-kan-eez'. 

Aracan  (ofiBcially  called  Myo-Houng),  an  ancient  city, 
eapital  of  Northern  Aracan,  on  the  river  Aracan,  50  miles 
from  the  sea.  Lat.  20°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  3'  39"  E.  It  had 
in  1825  95,000  inhabitants;  in  1872  only  3282. 

Aracan  (or  Kuladyne)  River  rises  in  the  Burmese 
dominions,  lat.  23°  N.,  Ion.  94°  E.,  and,  after  a  generally 
southward  course  of  200  miles,  enters  the  Bay  of  Bengal  in 
Aracan,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Akyab. 

Aracati  or  Aracaty,  4-r8,-k4-tee',  a  river-port  of 
Brazil,  about  55  miles  S.E.  of  Ceard,  on  the  Kio  Jaguaribe 
("  river  of  jaguars"),  10  miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  4°  31'  S.; 
Ion.  37°  48'  W.  It  contains  a  handsome  town  hall,  a  prison, 
3  schools,  and  5  churches.  The  principal  exports  are  cotton, 
sugar,  and  hides.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Aracati)  or  Aracatyy  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Gear£, 
enters  the  Atlantic  by  two  mouths,  about  lat.  3°  S.  Length, 
120  miles. 

Aracci  Yetns,  the  ancient  name  of  Aroche. 

Aracena,  k-rk-thk'nli.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Huelva,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4120. 

Aracthus,  the  ancient  name  of  Arta. 

Ara^uahi)  3,-r4-sw3.-hee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  rises  in  the  Serra  Esmeralda,  flows  N.E.,  and 
falls  into  the  Jequitinhonha.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Arad,  or^3d',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Maros, 
145  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth,  divided  by  the  river  into  Alt-Arad 
and  Neu-Arad.     See  Alt-Arad. 

Arad)  a  county  of  Hungary,  bordering  upon  Transyl- 
vania.    Area,  2720  square  miles.     Pop.  304,713. 

Aradea^  4-ri-di'l,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Leoce, 
10  miles  B.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1875. 

AraduSy  the  ancient  name  of  Kuad. 

Arae  Flavise,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Heiligenberg. 

Arafat  (a,^r|-fat'),  or  Jebel-er-Rahm,  j8b'fil-5r- 
rih'm  {i.e.,  "the  mountain  of  merty"),  a  granite  hill  of 
Arabia,  15  miles  E.  of  Mecca.  It  is  about  1  or  1^  miles  in 
circuit,  and  its  summit  is  nearly  200  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  plain.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  objects  of  pilgrimage 
to  Mohammedans,  who  afiBrm  that  it  was  the  place  where 
Adam  first  received  his  wife  Eve,  after  they  had  been  ex- 
pelled from  Paradise  and  separated  from  each  other  120 
years.  The  mountain  not  being  large  enough  to  accommo- 
date all  that  go  annually  on  pilgrimage,  the  law  declares 
that  the  plain  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  may  be  re- 
garded as  comprised  under  the  term  Mount  of  Arafat. 

Arafoo'ra  or  Arafura  (i-ri-foo'ri)  Sea,  that  part 
of  the  Pacific  which  lies  N.  of  Australia,  and  is  partly  en- 
closed by  Papua,  the  Aroo  Islands,  Timor  Laut,  Timor,  etc. 
See  Alfooras. 

Ar'ago,  a  post- village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  5  miles  from  Craig,  Mo.,  and  about  85  miles 
below  Nebraska  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
private  bank,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  364. 

Aragon,  or  Arragon,  &r'ra-gon  (Sp.  pron.  sr-rS.- 
gon' ;  Fr.  Aragon,  iVi^gdu"' ;  It.  Aragona,  1-ri-go'ni ; 
Ger.  Aragonien,  4-r4-go'ne-§n ;  L.  Arago'nia),  an  ancient 
kingdom  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  France,  E.  by  Catalonia, 
8.  by  Valencia  and  New  Castile,  and  W.  by  the  Castiles 
and  Navarre.  Length,  225  miles;  average  breadth,  84 
miles;  area,  17,973  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  the 
provinces  of  Huesca,  Saragossa,  and  Teruel,  and  is  encom- 
passed by  the  Pyrenees,  the  Sierras  of  Morella,  Albarracin, 
Molina,  and  Soria,  while  ofisets  of  these  chains  traverse  the 
interior  in  all  directions.  Several  peaks  of  the  Pyrenees 
rise  upwards  of  10,000  feet  above  the  sea,  their  tops  covered 
with  perpetual  snow.  Their  sides  are  clothed  with  forests, 
while  lower  down  are  rich  and  extensive  pastures,  with 
many  beautiful  and  fertile  valleys.  The  largest  level  tract 
is  formed  by  the  valley  of  the  Ebro,  which,  entering  on  the 
W.,  flows  S.E.,  dividing  the  province  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts.  The  Guadalaviar,  the  Jucar,  and  the  Tagus  have 
their  sources  in  the  extreme  S.,  and  tiie  Aragon  in  the  N.W. 
On  the  mountains,  and  especially  among  the  Pyrenees,  it  is 
cold,  but  becomes  much  warmer  in  the  valleys.  High  and 
piercing  winds  from  the  N.W.  and  S.E.  prevail.  The  flora 
of  Aragon  is  varied  and  extensive.  Its  minerals  are  mar- 
bles, jaspers,  coal,  copper,  iron,  lead,  quicksilver,  cobalt,  and 
alum.  Extensive  tracts  are  stony  and  barren,  while  others, 
though  capable  of  cultivation,  are  neglected.  Still,  excel- 
lent crops  are  obtained  of  grain  and  fruit,  saffron,  flax,  and 
hemp.  Silk-worms  are  reared  in  considerable  numbers. 
The  commerce  is  limited.  The  principal  means  of  transport 
are  the  Ebro,  the  canal  of  Aragon,  and  the  railways  which 


traverse  the  country.  Pop.  928,718.  The  kingdom  of  Ara- 
gon was  founded  in  1034,  and  was  united  to  the  crown  of 
Castile  by  Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  who  married  Isabella  in 
1474. Adj.  and  inhab.  Araoonese,  4r'a-go-neez'. 

Aragon,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  and, 
flowing  through  Navarre,  joins  the  Ebro  opposite  Alfaro, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles.     Chief  affluent,  the  Arga. 

Aragona,  4-r4-go'n4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7i  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Girgenti.  Pep.  11,424.  It  has  a  castle,  with  painting! 
and  antiquities.     Near  it  is  the  mud  volcano  of  Maccaluba. 

Aragona,  Aragonia,  Aragonese.    See  Aragon. 

Aragonia,  the  Latin  name  of  Aragok. 

Aragua,  4-r4'gw4,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Guzman  Blanco,  175  miles  S.E.  of  Caracas,  on  the 
W.  branch  of  the  river  Unare.     Pop.  6523. 

Araguai,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Pilcomayo. 

Araguari,  4-r4-gw4-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil  (Brasilian 
Guiana),  in  the  state  of  Par4,  rises  in  the  Serra  de  Tum- 
caraque,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  1°  50'  N.  Total 
course,  about  160  miles. 

Araguay ,  4-r4-gwi',  or  Araguaya,  4-r&-gwI'4,  a  large 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  mountains  near  lat.  18°  10'  S., 
Ion.  51°  30'  W.  It  flows  northward  between  the  states 
of  Goyaz  and  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins  the  Tocantins  at  Sao 
JoHo,  after  a  course  of  1000  miles,  about  the  middle  of 
which  it  separates  into  two  arms,  enclosing  the  island  of 
Bananal,  200  miles  in  length.  This  river  flows  through 
about  13  degrees  of  latitude,  and  is  navigable  750  miles,  or 
more.     The  east  branch  is  called  the  Furo. 

Arahal,  4-r4-h4l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  22 
miles  E.S.E.  from  Seville.  It  has  2  squares,  3  churches, 
schools,  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  felt  hats,  soap,  gypsum, 
earthenware,  oil,  and  wine.     Pop.  9287. 

Araish,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  El-Araish. 

Ara  Jovis,  the  ancient  name  of  Aranjuez. 

Arakan,  a  province  and  river  of  India.    See  Aracan. 

Arakhova,  4-r4-ko'v4,  a  village  of  Greece,  nome  of 
Phthiotis  and  Phocis,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  Mount  Parnaj> 
sus,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Livadia.     Pop.  2000. 

Aral,  a  river  of  India.     See  Arrul. 

A'ral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  near  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &,  Santa  F6  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  El  Dorado. 

Aral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  10  miles  N.  of  Benzonia. 

Aral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  on  a  branch  of 
Reed  Creek,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Hillsville.  It  has  2  gen- 
eral stores,  Ac. 

Aral  (4r'al)  Sea,  an  extensive  lake  or  inland  sea  in 
Asiatip  Russia,  between  about  lat.  43°  42'  and  47°  0'  N. 
and  Ion.  58°  18'  and  61°  46'  E.  Excepting  the  Caspian, 
from  which  it  lies  from  150  to  200  miles  E.,  and  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  the  plateau  of  Oost-Oort  (Ust-Urt),  it  is 
the  largest  inland  sea  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Total 
area,  24,500  square  miles.  Its  length  is  265  miles ;  great- 
est breadth,  145  miles.  It  has  for  many  years  been  dimin- 
ishing rapidly  in  area.  The  W.  shore  of  the  Aral  Sea  ia 
formed  by  the  Oost-Oort  plateau,  which  rises  upwards  of 
600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake,  but  shelves  gradually 
down  to  the  water.  No  rivers  enter  the  sea  on  its  W.  shore ; 
those  that  enter  from  the  E.  and  S.  are  the  Sihon  or  Jax- 
artes,  and  the  Amoo-Darya  or  Oxus.  The  Aral  Sea,  though 
not  deep,  has  water  sufBcient  to  admit  of  being  navigated 
by  small  vessels.  Its  maximum  depth  is  37  fathoms.  Its 
waters  abound  with  fish,  especially  sturgeon,  carp,  silurus, 
and  herring.  Seals  are  also  met  with.  The  water  is  salt- 
ish, though  not  unpleasantly  so ;  it  may  be  used  for  culinary 
purposes,  and  is  drunk  freely  by  horses.  In  winter  it  freezes. 
The  Aral  Sea  lies  between  the  steppes  of  Kirgheez  and  Khiva, 
in  the  great  depression  of  Western  Asia.  Its  elevation  is 
uncertain,  but  oy  recent  explorers  it  is  estimated  at  from 
160  to  200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Caspian,  of  which,  in 
tinies  remote,  it  doubtless  formed  a  part.  The  lake  has  no 
visible  outlet,  and,  as  its  affluents  do  not  furnish  a  supply  of 
water  equal  to  the  amount  of  evaporation  that  takes  plaoe^ 
it  is  decreasing  in  size. 

This  lake  is  called  by  the  Kirgheez  Aral-Tenghees, 
i.e.,  "  island  sea"  (aral  signifying  "  island"),  from  the  mul- 
titude of  islands  which  it  contains. 

Aramengo,  4-r4-min'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  3  miles  E.  of  Cocconato.     Pop.  1128. 

Aramin'go,  formerly  a  district  of  Philadelphia  oo.. 
Pa.,  but  now  included  within  the  limits  of  the  city,  about 
4J  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  state-house. 

Aramingo,  ^  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Phoenixville. 

Aram  on,  4^r4^m6N°',  a  town  of  France,  department  <4 


ARA 


514 


ARA 


%.n 


€terd,  on  the  Rhone,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nimes.     It  haa  a- 
trade  in  wine,  olives,  and  oil.     Pop.  2670. 

Aran,  i-rin',  a  valley  of  Spain,  province  of  Lerida,  sur- 
rounded by  the  elevated  summits  of  the  Pyrenees,  and  liable 
to  dangerous  avalanches. 

Aranda-de-Dnero,  i-r&n'di-di-dwi'ro,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  48  miles  S.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Douro. 
It  was  in  ancient  times  a  fortification  of  some  importance, 
and  still  retains  part  of  its  walls.     Pop.  5197. 

Arangua,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Daihan. 

AraivJueZj  i-r8,n-Hw4th'  (ano.  A'ra  Jo'via),  a  town  and 
royal  residence  of  Spain,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tagus,  in 
New  Castile,  28  miles  by  railway  S.S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop. 
10,725.  This  town  contains  palaces,  hotels,  caf6s,  and  nu- 
merous public  gardens,  spacious  streets,  and  elegant  squares, 
theatres,  and  bull-rings.  It  has  also  a  hospital,  and  an 
institution  for  public  instruction. 

AransaS)  ar-an'sas,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  in  Bee 
CO.,  and,  flowing  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween San  Patricio  co.  on  one  side,  and  Refugio  co.  on  the 
other,  until  it  empties  itself  into  Aransas  Bay. 

Aransas,  a  county  of  Texas,  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  comprising  most  of  the  lands  adjacent  to 
Aransas  Bay.     Capital,  Aransas  Pass.     Pop.  in  1890, 1824. 

Aransas,  a  post-village  of  Bee  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Aransas 
River,  40  miles  from  the  sea.     It  has  2  churches. 

Aransas  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Texas,  immediately  N. 
of  Corpus  Christi  Bay.  Length,  about  18  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  8  miles.    Its  N.W.  part  is  also  called  Copano  Bay. 

Aransas  Harbor,  a  post-town  of  San  Patricio  co., 
Tex.,  on  Red  Fish  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
about  120  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio,  and  35  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Corpus  Christi,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Aransas  Pass, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  700. 

Aransas  Pass,  formerly  Rockport,  a  post-town, 
capital  of  Aransas  co.,  Tex.,  situated  130  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
from  San  Antonio,  on  Aransas  Bay.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  2500. 

Aranyos,  6h^r8,n'yosh  ,  a  river  of  Austria,  Transylva- 
nia, passes  Thorda,  and  joins  the  Maros  on  the  left. 

Aranyos-Maroth,  ohViln'ySsh^  mShVot',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Barsch,  87  miles  N.W.  of  Buda.   Pop.  2130. 

Aranyos-Medgyes,  6h*rS,n'ySsh^  mgd^yesh',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  and  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Szathm&r. 
Pop.  2350. 

Arapahoe,  a-rap'a-ho,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Colo- 
rado, is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte,  the  Re- 
publican Fork  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  by  Beaver  Creek. 
The  surface  of  the  western  part  is  mountainous.  Thp  east- 
em  portion  is  an  extensive  arid  plain,  in  which  timber  and 
water  are  scarce.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  productive,  and 
the  climate  is  delightful.  The  county  is  partly  intersected 
by  the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  other 
railroads  at  Denver,  which  is  the  county  town  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Colorado.  Gold  is  found  near  its  western  border. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6829;  in  1880,  38,644;  in  1890,  132,135. 

Arapahoe,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Arapahoe,  a  post-village  of  Furnas  co..  Neb.,  89  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Red  Cloud.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1200. 

Arapahoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C.,  about 
65  miles  E.  of  Goldsborough. 

Arapahoe  Indians,  a  tribe  formerly  dwelling  be- 
tween the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River  and  the  head-waters 
of  the  Arkansas,  but  now  located  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  associated  with  the  Cheyennes. 

Arapahoe  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  40°  1' 
13"  N.,  Ion.  105°  38'  39"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,620 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Arapiles,  i-ri-pee'lfis,  a  village  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Salamanca.  Pop.  400.  This  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in 
which  Wellington  defeated  the  French,  July  22,  1812. 

Arar,  a  river  of  France.     See  Sa8ne. 

Ararat,  fi,r'a-rat\  a  mountain  of  Western  Asia,  in  Ar- 
menia, forming  the  point  of  contact  of  Russia  with  Turkey 
and  Persia,  to  each  of  which  it  partly  belongs.     It  lies  in 
the  S.  portion  of  the  extensive  plain  of  the  Aras,  about  35 
miles  broad,  and  of  whose  length  about  70  miles  can  be 
taken  in  by  the  eye.     It  consists  of  two  mountains,  the 
Great  Ararat  on  the  N.W.,  and  the  Little  Ararat  on  the 
S.E.,  their  summits  being  about  7  miles  apart.     The  sum- 
f    mit  of  the  Great  Ararat  lies  in  lat.  39°  42'  N.,  Ion.  43°  38' 
I    E.,  and  io  17,260  feet  above  the  sea-level  and  14^320  feet 
/   above  the  plaint  the  Aras.     The  N.E.  slope  ontne  moiiil- ' 
I    tain  is  about  14  miles  in  length,  and  the  S.W.  about  20 


miles.  On  the  former,  visible  even  from  Erivan,  32  mild 
distant,  is  a  deep,  crater-like  chasm.  The  mountain  is  cot- 
ered  with  perpetual  snow  and  ice  from  about  3  miles  from 
its  summit  downward  in  an  oblique  direction.  On  the  entire 
N.  half,  from  about  14,000  feet  above  the  sea,  it  shoots  up 
in  one  rigid  crest  to  its  summit,  and  then  stretches  down- 
ward, on  its  S.  side,  to  a  level  not  quite  so  low,  forming 
what  is  called  the  Silver  Crest  of  Ararat.  Little  Ararat 
rises  13,093  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  10,140  feet  above 
the  plain  of  the  Aras,  and  is  free  from  snow  in  September 
and  October.  Its  declivities  are  greater  and  steeper  than 
those  of  the  Great  Ararat,  and  its  almost  conical  form  is 
marked  with  furrows,  that  radiate  downward  from  its  sum- 
mit. The  top  of  the  Great  Ararat  was  first  reached,  Octo 
ber  9,  1829,  by  Professor  Parrot. 

Ar'arat,  a  small  river  of  North  Carolina,  which  enten 
Yadkin  River  from  the  N.W.,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Rockford. 

Ararat,  North  Carolina.    See  Pilot  Mountain. 

Ararat  (local  pron.  a-ra-rat'),  a  post-hamlet  of  Ararat 
township,  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Jefferson  Branch  of 
the  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  The  town- 
ship has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  771. 

Ararat,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  40  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Max  Meadows. 

Ararat,  a  mining  borough  in  Ripon  co.,  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  river  Hopkins.  Lat.  37°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  142° 
57'  E.     Pop.  2370. 

Araranma,  &-r&-r5w'm&,  a  salt-water  lake  of  Brazil, 
in  the  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  22^ 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  7i  miles.  It  communicates  with 
the  sea,  to  which  it  lies  parallel.   Depth,  from  26  to  80  feet- 

Ararns,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Sereth.- 

Aras,  i^ris'  (anc.  Araxes,  8,-rax'iz),  a  river  of  Armenia, 
rises  in  the  Turkish  pashalic  of  Erzroom,  near  lat.  41°  30' 
N.  and  Ion.  41°  10'  E.,  flows  eastward  through  Russian 
Armenia,  and  joins  the  Koor  60  miles  W.  of  its  mouth  in 
the  Caspian.  Total  course,  upwards  of  600  miles,  very 
rapid,  but  often  fordable.  Chief  affluents,  Arpa-Chai,  Kara- 
Soo,  and  Zenghi.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Abbasabad  and 
Hasan-Kaleh. 

Arasaig,  4rVa-sS.g',  a  village,  district,  and  promontory 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  W.  coast. 

Arassuahay,  or  Arasnahi.    See  Arajuahi. 

Aratica,  i-ri-tee'ki,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  15°  26'  S.,  Ion.  145°  39'  46"  W.  It  is 
8  miles  in  length  by  5  miles  across. 

Aran,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Aarau. 

Aranca,  4-r6w'ki,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Boyaca,  on  the  Rio  Arauca,  a  tributary 
of  the  Orinoco,  near  the  border  of  Venezuela.  It  haa  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  1548. 

Araucania,  &-raw-k&'ne-&,  or  Araucana,  &-raw- 
k&'n&  (Sp.  pron.  i-rSw-ki'ni),  a  region  of  Central  Chili, 
between  lat.  37°  29'  and  40°  18'  S.,  having  the  Andes 
on  the  E.,  and  the  Pacific  on  the  W.  Its  entire  length 
is  about  200  miles;  its  breadth,  from  90  to  180.  It 
differs  little  in  its  physical  features  or  productions  from 
other  parts  of  Chili,  but  its  climate  is  cooler  and  much  more 
rainy  than  that  of  the  north.  Its  inhabitants,  though  greatly 
overrated  by  the  Spanish  writers,  are  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable, perhaps,  of  all  the  uncivilized  races.  With  some 
of  the  vices  common  to  all  nations,  the  Araucanians  possess 
many  noble  qualities.  They  are  generous  and  humane  to 
wards  the  vanquished,  courteous,  hospitable,  benevolent,  and 
grateful ;  enthusiastic  lovers  of  liberty,  and  ever  ready  to 
sacrifice  their  lives  in  the  service  of  their  country,  the  in- 
dependence of  which  they  maintained  for  centuries  by  their 
indomitable  courage  and  singular  aptitude  for  war,  but  they 
have  of  late  mostly  submitted  to  the  Chilian  authority,  and 
it  is  stated  that  their  numbers  are  much  reduced.  Seeing 
the  evils  of  which  gold  is  the  cause,  the  Araucanians,  after 
they  had  expelled  the  Spaniards  from  their  country,  closed 
their  mines,  avowing  the  most  profound  contempt  for  that 
metal.  They  are  susceptible  of  mental  culture,  but  despise 
the  restraints  of  civilization.  Their  oratory  is  highly  fig  - 
urative  and  allegorical,  at  the  same  time  lively,  bold,  and 
original.  They  have  little  commerce,  and  all  their  trans- 
actions are  conducted  by  barter.  The  articles  which  they 
usually  give  in  exchange  for  goods  are  horses  and  horned 
cattle.  Polygamy  obtains  among  the  Araucanians,  and 
celibacy  is  considered  ignominious.  Their  religion  is  simple. 
They  acknowledge  a  Supreme  Being,  whom  they  believe  to 
be  attended  by  some  inferior  deities,  who  execute  his  behests. 

They  believe  also  in  the  immortality  of  the  soul. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Aratjcanian,  i-raw-ki'ne-an. 

Arauco,  4-r6w'ko,  a  province  of  Central  Chili,  com- 
prising much  of  the  region  known  as  Araucania.     Area, 


i 


ARA 


515 


ARC 


4248  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875,  56,7U8;  and  in  1891,  as 
oflSciallj  estimated,  77,067. 

Arauco,  a  town  or  Chili,  capital  of  the  above  province, 
on  the  Bay  of  Arauco,  230  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Valparaiso. 

Arauco,  or  Concepcion  de  Arauco,  kon-sep-se- 
5n'  di  i-row'ko,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province 
and  60  miles  N.  of  La  Rioja.     Poi).  3237. 

Araules,  i^rol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  7 
miles  S.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  1950, 

Araure,  i-r6w'ri,  a  city  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Acarigua, 
d.n  affluent  of  the  Portuguesa,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trujillo. 
Lat.  9°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  28'  W.  It  contains  a  handsome 
square  and  church,  and  is  in  a  well-watered,  fertile  district, 
wnich  yields  cotton  and  coffee  and  pastures  numerous  herds 
of  cattle.     Pop.  6460. 

Arauris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  H^bault. 

Arausio,  the  ancient  name  of  Orange. 

AravuUi  (ar^vul'loe)  Mountains,  a  low  range  of 
mountains  which  traverse  the  territory  of  Ajmeer,  from 
6.S.W.  to  N.N.E.,  from  lat.  24°  to  28°  N.,  or  300  miles. 

Arawan,  £I-Arawan,  l\  i-ri-win',  or  Al-Arou- 
an,  kl  4-roo-w3,n',  a  town  of  Sahara,  125  miles  N.  of  Tim- 
buctoo.     Lat.  18°  55'  N. ;  Ion,  3°  W. 

Araxas,  &-r&'sh3,s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  the  Rio  das  Velhas.  It  lies  W.  of  the  Matto 
Gordo  mountains.     Pop.  4000. 

Araxes,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  Ara8. 

Araxes,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Bundemeer. 

Arayat,  i-ri'&t,  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  in 
Luzon,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  7765, 

Arba,  aR^bi',  or  L'Arba,  laR^bi',  a  village  of  Algeria, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  3500. 

Ar'ba,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  Green 
Fork  township,  about  14  miles  N,  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Arbacoo'chee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala., 
22  miles  from  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Arbe,  aR'b^,  or  Rab,  rH^,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic, 
Gulf  of  Quamero,  belonging  to  Austria,  Hi  miles  in  length. 
The  principal  town,  of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  the  island ;  it  is  built  on  a  hill,  and  contains  a  cathedral 
and  collegiate  church.     Pop.  of  island,  4000. 

Arbeca,  ar-b&'k&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Urgel  canal,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2540. 

Arbela,  the  ancient  name  of  Arbil, 

Arbe'Ia,  or  Arabella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co., 
Mich.,  in  Arbela  township,  about  20  miles  S.E,  of  East  Sag- 
inaw.    Pop.  of  township,  979. 

Arbela,  a  post-village  of  Scotland  co,,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  pump-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Arbela  of  Galilee,  in  Palestine,  identified  by  Robin- 
eon  with  Irbid  (Arab.  Irhil),  is  on  the  W,  side  of  the  Lake 
of  Tiberias,  3^  miles  N.W.  of  Tiberias. 

Arbil,  ar-beel',  or  £rbil,  er-beel'  (anc.  Arhe'ld),  a 
walled  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mosul. 
Pop.  6000.  It  has  some  large  mosques,  baths,  and  bazaars. 
Here  Alexander  the  Great  obtained  his  final  victory  over 
Darius,  B.C.  331. 

Arboga,  an-bo'gi,  a  town  of  Sweden^,  on  a  railway,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Westeras.  Pop.  3269.  It  has  an  active  trade 
with  Stockholm  by  the  Arboga  River  and  Mselar  Lake. 

Arbois,  aR^bwi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Jura, 
on  the  Cuisance,  and  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Poligny. 
Pop.  5275.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  wine,  oil,  and  manufac- 
tures of  earthenware  and  paper. 

Arboleas,  aR-bo-U'is,  or  Arboledas,  aR-bo-li'DJLs, 
a  town  of  Spain,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1289. 

Arboletes,  aR-bo-li'tSs,  a  seaport  town  of  Colombia,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Darien.     Lat.  8°  56'  N, ;  Ion.  76°  26'  W. 

Arbon,  aR^b6No'  (L.  Ar'hor  Fe'lix),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Thurgau,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Constance,  on 
Lake  Constance.     Pop.  1300. 

Arbon,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Arebo. 

Ar'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.,  19 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cape  Girardeau. 

Ar'bor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Middle  River,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Arbor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  5i^  miles 
from  Staunton. 

Arboro,  aR'bo-ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Vercelli.     Pop.  1609. 

Ar'borville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
North  Blue  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Clarksville  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Arbos,  aR'boce,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  railway,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1313. 


Arbroath,   ar'brOth,  formerly  Ab'erbroth^ock,   a 

seaport  and  manufacturing  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Brothock,  whence  the  name  of  the 
town, — the  prefix  Aber  (Gaelic)  designating  the  mouth  of  a 
river,  or  its  point  of  junction  with  the  sea.  Lat.  56°  33' 
7"  N.;  Ion.  2°  35'  W.  It  is  16  miles  N.E.  of  Dundee,  on 
the  Dundee  &  Arbroath  Railway.  The  houses  are  generallj 
well  built,  and  the  whole  town  has  a  prosperous  appearance. 
There  are  public  reading-rooms  in  the  town,  witn  a  well- 
supported  public  library,  and  excellent  scientific,  educa- 
tional, and  charitable  institutions.  It  has  30  spinning- 
mills,  17  factories,  6  branch  banks,  and  a  savings-bank. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  yam  spun  from  flax  and 
hemp,  canvas,  brown  and  bleached  linen,  leather,  cast  iron, 
and  bone-dust.  An  important  monastic  institution  was 
planted  here  in  1178  by  William  the  Lion.     Pop.  20,170. 

Arbucias,  ar-boo'the-&s,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 9  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Coloma  de  Fames.    Pop.  2980. 

Ar'buckle,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Colusa  co., 
Cal.,  37  miles  N.  of  Davisville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  450. 

Arbuckle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Point  Pleasant. 

Arbus,  aR'booce,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sardinia,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.  Pop.  3684,  employed  in  adjacent 
silver-  and  lead-mines. 

Arc,  aRk,  or  Arco,  aR'ko^  a  river  of  France,  Savoy, 
joins  the  Isere  after  a  N.W.  course  of  90  miles. 

Arc,  a  river  of  France,  Bonches-du-Rh8ne,  enters  the 
Etang  de  Berre  after  a  W.  course  of  about  30  miles. 

Arc  is  also  the  name  of  several  villages  of  France,  de 
partments  of  Doubs,  Haute-Saflne,  and  C6te-d'0r, 

Arcachon,  aR^ki^8h6No',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Gironde,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bordeaux,  on  the  Bassin 
d' Arcachon.  It  is  an  exceedingly  popular  summer  bathing- 
place,  as  well  as  a  winter  resort  for  invalids.  It  has  a  large 
steam  fishing-fleet,  exports  naval  stores,  and  is  renowned  for 
its  extensive  oyster-beds.     Pop.  3696. 

Arcada,  ar-ka'da,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  970.     It  contains  Alma. 

Arcada,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  621. 

Ar^cade',  a  station  in  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Arcade,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
Cattaraugus  Creek,  in  Arcade  township,!  mile  from  Arcade 
Station  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad, 
and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Bufialo.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Arcade 
Academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  tannery,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  900  ;  of  township,  1742. 

Arcade,  Adams  co.,  Wis.,  the  former  name  of  Arksale. 

Arcadia,  ar-ki'de-a  (modem  Gr.  Arkadxa,  aR-k&- 
dee'i),  an  ancient  independent  government,  now  a  nome  of 
Greece,  in  the  centre  of  the  Morea,  divided  into  the  depart- 
ments of  Mantinea,  Cynuria,  Megalopolis,  and  Gortynia. 
The  country  is  mountainous,  and  affords  excellent  pasturage. 
Area,  2020  square  miles.  Pop.  131,740.  Capital,  Tripolitza. 
Adj.  anu  inhab.  Arcadian,  ar-ki'de-an. 

Arcadia,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Kyparissia. 

Arca'dia,  a  post-town,  capital  of  De  Soto  co.,  Fla.,  49 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bartow.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.  Orange  wine  making  and  extensive 
j)hosphate  mining  are  carried  on  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  814. 

Arcadia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  in  Arcadia 
township,  about  33  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1251. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  31  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  3  or  4  general  stores,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  (1890)  670, 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  in  Arcadia 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  43 
miles  W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  3 
hotels,  a  graded  school,  and  a  furniture-factory.  Much 
grain  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  township,  1245. 

Arcadia,  a  city  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
tile-  and  brick-works,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  750. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Bienville  parish.  La.,  47 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  6  churches,  a  college, 
a  seminary,  3  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  862. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Manistee.    Pop.  about  200. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Iron  co., 
Mo.,  in  Arcadia  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
<fc  Southern  Railroad,  89  miles  S.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It 
is  contiguous  to  Ironton.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  hotel,  ko. 
Pop.  260.     Pop.  of  township,  3068, 


ARC 


516 


ARC 


Arcadia^  a  post-village  of  Valley  co..  Neb.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  from  Loup  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  5660. 

Arcadia ,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Arcadia,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  2898. 
It  contains  Halifax. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Washington  township,  Han- 
cook  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Findlay.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  288. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R..I.,  about 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence,  and  3  miles  from  Hope  Val- 
ley.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cotton-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Arcadia,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Washington  ter- 
ritory, on  an  arm  or  inlet  of  Puget  Sound,  10  miles  N.  of 
Olympia.     It  has  some  ship-building. 

Arcadia,  a  post- village  of  Arcadia  township,  Trempea- 
leau CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Trempealeau  River,  47  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  23  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Winona. 
It  has  5  churches,  high,  graded,  and  parochial  schools,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  flouring-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3 
hotels.  Laid  out  in  1874.  Pop.  in  1890,  659;  of  the  town- 
ship, 3147. 

Arcadia,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  seashore,  3  miles  from  Yarmouth.  It  contains  several 
mills  and  factories.     Pop.  500. 

Arcse,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ht^res. 

Arcana,  ar-ka'na,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  ab6ut 
45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Arca'nnm,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  railroads,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton,  and  46  miles 
W.  from  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  normal 
and  graded  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  2  planing-mills,  and 

manufactory  of  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  (1890)  1134. 

Areas,  aR'kis,  a  group  of  small  islets  or  rocks  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     Lat.  20°  12'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  91°  59'  2"  W. 

Areas,  aR'k&s,  an  island  of  Senegambia,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  Grande.     Lat.  11°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  ]  5°  38'  W. 

Areata,  ar-ka'ta,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  north  end  of  Humboldt  Bay,  about  230  miles  from 
San  Francisco,  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  lumber-mills.  Redwood  timber  abounds 
here.     Steamboats  ply  between  Areata  and  San  Francisco. 

Arce,  aR'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  10^ 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3690. 

Arc-en-Barrois,  aRk-6N»-baR^Rwi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Mame,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  1253. 

Arcene,  aR-chi'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ber- 
gamo, in  a  fertile  district.     Pop.  1724. 

Arc-et-la-Maison-du-Bois,aRk-i-li-mi'z6N»'dii- 
bwi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-SaSne,  closely  adjacent 
to  the  town  of  Gray.     Pop.  2650. 

Arc-et-Senans,  aRk-i-seh^niN<»',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Doubs,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dijon-Neufch^tel 
and  Besanjon-Lyons  Railways,  9  miles  from  Quingey.  It 
has  important  salt-works.     Pop.  1425. 

Arcevia,  ar-chi've-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  An- 
cona,  40  miles  W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  9051. 

Arch,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Ark. 

Arch,  aRK,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Camiola,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Gurkfeld.     Pop.  1450. 

Archadinskaia,  or  Artsehadinskaja,  ar^chi-din- 
ski'yi,  a  village  of  Russia,  province  of  the  Don  Cossacks, 
155  miles  N.E.  of  Novo-Cherkask.     Pop.  2870. 

Archalla,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ereglee. 

Archangel,  ark-in'j§l  (Russ.  pron.  aRk-ing'ghSl),  or 
Arkhanghelsk,  aRk-ing-ghSlsk  ,  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia in  Europe,  extending  from  the  Ural  Mountains  on  the 
E.  to  Finland  on  the  W.,  a  distance  of  about  920  miles,  and 
from  Vologda  and  Olonets  on  the  S.  to  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
about  400  miles.  Area,  286,739  square  miles.  It  includes 
part  of  Karelia  and  of  Russian  Lapland,  also  the  islands  of 
Nova  Zembla.  The  White  Sea  occupies  a  large  space  in  its 
centre.  The  province  is  one  continuous  flat,  and  nearly  an 
unvaried  scene  of  desolation  and  sterility,  especially  in  the 
northern  parts,  where  the  ground  remains  frozen  for  nine 
months  in  the  year.  Nor  are  the  southern  portions  much 
more  inviting.  Here  meagre  pastures,  marshes,  swamps, 
and  extensive  forests  occupy  nearly  all  the  surface,  leaving 
but  little  for  cultivation.  Almost  the  only  crops  raised  are 
hemp,  flax,  potatoes,  and  some  rye,  neither  the  climate  nor 
the  soil  admitting  of  the  cultivation  of  oats  or  wheat.  The 
4slimate  is  excessivelj  cold  in  winter  and  hot  in  summer. 


with  sudden  transitions  between  the  two  extremes.  The 
timber  forms  the  principal  wealth.     Pop.  281,112. 

Archangel,  a  town  of  Russia  in  Europe,  capital  of  the 
above,  on  the  Dwina,  20  miles  from  its  embouchure  in  the 
Bay  of  Archangel,  and  670  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg. 
Lat.  64°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  33'  E.  It  is  ill  built,  and  consists 
of  two  principal  and  irregular  streets,  connected  by  narrow 
lanes  and  paved  with  wood.  The  houses  are  mostly  of 
wood,  and  two  stories  in  height.  The  most  remarkable 
buildings  in  the  town  are  the  great  bazaar  or  mart,  and  a 
marine  hospital.  There  are  11  churches,  an  ecclesiastical 
seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and  schools  for  navigation  and  en- 
gineering. In  or  near  the  town  there  are  a  sugar-refinery, 
a  royal  dock-yard,  some  ship-yards  for  building  merchant- 
ships  and  coasting-vessels,  rope-walks,  Ac.  The  harbor  is 
"  at  the  island  of  Solombaly,  about  a  mile  from  the  town,  and 
is  usually  free  from  ice  only  from  July  to  September.  The 
trade  of  Archangel  extends  as  far  as  Siberia,  and  along  the 
coasts  of  the  White  Sea,  E.  and  W.,  but  it  is  greatly  de- 
pendent on  the  demand  from  the  more  southerly  ports  of 
Europe,  and  especially  from  England,  for  com.  The  exports 
consist  principally  of  linseed,  flax,  tow,  tallow,  train-oil, 
bass  matting,  provisions,  feathers,  oil-cake,  grain,  deals, 
battens  and  ends,  pitch  and  tar.  This  is  one  of  the  oldest 
ports  in  Russia,  having  been  founded  in  1584,  and  was  long 
the  only  one.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  resi- 
dence of  a  civil  and  a  military  governor.     Pop.  19,936. 

Archangel  Bay,  in  Russia,  opens  to  the  White  Sea, 
having  Cape  Eeretzkoi  on  the  N.E.,  and  Cape  Onega  on  the 
S.W.,  distant  from  each  other  85  miles.  It  penetrates  in- 
land about  65  miles. 

Archangel,  New  (Alaska).    See  Sitka. 

Archangel sk,  Russia.   See  Arcbangel. 

Archangelsk,  or  Arkhangelsk,  aRk-&ng-ghSIsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  Orenboorg,  150  miles  S.E.  of  Menselinsk. 

Archangelsk,  or  Arkhangelsk,  towns  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Yekaterinoslav,  Kherson,  and  Simbeersk. 

Archbald,  arch'b&ld,  a  post-town  of  Lackawanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  the  Lackawanna  Valley,  and  on  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carbondale,  and  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  extensive  coal-breakers,  3 
charches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  hotels.  Near  here 
are  rich  mines  of  anthracite.     Pop.  4032. 

Archbold,  arch'b5ld,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Toledo. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  saw-  and  planing- 
mills.     Pop.  373. 

Arch'dale,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  near 
Trinity  College  Station.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting-hoase, 
and  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Archena,  aR-ch&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Muroia,  with  extensive  warm  baths.     Pop.  1766. 

Ar'cher,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  drained  by 
the  Little  Wichita  and  its  branches.  It  is  reported  to  con- 
tain copper  and  bismuth  ores.  Capital,  Archer  City.  Area, 
900  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  2101. 

Archer,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Fernandina  with  Cedar  Keys,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores,  and  a 
manufactory  of  naval  supplies. 

Archer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  North 
■  township,  2  miles  from  New  Market  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  2  churches. 

Archer,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cheyenne. 

Archer  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Archer  co.,  Tex., 
near  the  Little  Wichita  River,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Wichita  Falls.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Archer's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Marietta. 

Arches,  aRsh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the 
Moselle,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Epinay.     Pop.  1650. 

Archi,  aR'kee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  24 
miles  W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3126. 

Archidona,  aR-che-do'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, on  a  railway,  34  miles  N.  of  Malaga,  on  a  rugged  and 
lofty  mountain,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Loja.     Pop.  7620. 

Archidona,  aR-che-do'n&,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  90  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Quito.     Pop.  2000. 

Ar'chie,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  34  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Archigny,  aR^sheen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chatellerault.  Pop.  1876. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a  community  descended  from  Acadian 
(Nova  Scotian)  refugees;  founded  in  1763. 


ARC 


517 


ARD 


Archipelago,  ar-ke-pel'a-go,  a  same  whioh,  although 
neither  its  origin  nor  precise  signification  have  been  ascer- 
tained, is  now  generally  understood  to  mean  a  sea  inter- 
spersed with  numerous  islands  or  islets ;  but  applied  more 
especially  to  the  JEgean  Sea  (which  see). 

Archipelago,  Eastern.    See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Archipel  de  Hawaii.     See  Hawaii. 

Archipel  de  la  F^rouse.    See  P£rouse  IsLAia)s. 

Archipel  de  Tahiti,  the  French  of  Society  Islaitds. 

Archivel,  ar-ch6-vel',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Caravaca.     Pop.  1465. 

Arch  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  in  Tyrone 
township,  2  miles  from  Union  Furnace  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Archudi,  or  Arkndi,  aR-koo'dee,  one  of  the  smallest 
of  the  Ionian  Islands,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Arcidosso,  aR-che-dos'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Grosseto,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Badicofani.     Pop.  4691. 

Arcisate,  aR-che-si'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Como,  3 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Varese,  and  near  Lake  Lugano.  Pop. 
1585. 

Arcis-snr-Aube,  aR^see'siiR-Qb,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Aube,  on  the  Aube,  and  on  a  railway,  16 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  2784. 

Arco,  a  river  of  France,  in  Savoy.     See  Arc. 

Arco,  aR'ko,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  8  miles  W.  of 
Roveredo,  on  the  Sarca.     Pop.  1995. 

Areola,  aR-ko'li,  an  ancient  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  celebrated  for  its  wines.     Pop.  4336. 

Areola,  ar-ko'la,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bullock  co.,  Ga. 

Areola,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  in  Areola 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
che  Paris  <fe  Decatur  Railroad,  158  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Chicago,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  contains  9 
churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  graded  school.  Two 
newspapers  are  issued  here.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Areola,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lake  town- 
ship, on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Areola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tangipahoa  parish.  La.,  and 
a  station  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Amite  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Areola,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Croix  River,  7  miles  above  Stillwater.    It  has  a  steam  mill. 

Areola,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Miss.,  in  a 
fertile  farming  region,  on  two  railroads,  71  miles  N.  of 
Vicksburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Areola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

Areola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  2  stores. 

Areola,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Per- 
kiomen  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Perkiomen  Junction. 

Areola,  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  a  station  on  the  Inter- 
national &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Houston. 

Areola,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  about  30  miles 
W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  is  at  a  hamlet  named  Gum  Spring. 

Areola,  a  hamlet  of  Laramie  oo.,  Wyoming,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.  from  Cheyenne. 

Areola  Junction,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  oo.,  Tex,, 
on  the  International  and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles 
8.  of  Houston. 

Arcole,  aR-ko'14,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Verona,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Adige.  Pop.  2801.  Arcole  is 
celebrated  for  the  victory  gained  there  by  Napoleon  over  the 
Austrians,  November  17,  1796. 

Areona,  island  of  Riigen.    See  Arkona. 

Arcona,  ar-ko'na,  a  hamlet  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Washington  township,  45  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Edgar,  Neb. 
It  has  a  church. 

Arconate,  aR-ko-n&'t&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan.  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Abbiategrasso.     Pop.  2471. 

Areoiisat,  an^kftno^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Remy.     Pop.  2096. 

Arcore,  aR-ko'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Monza. 

Arcos  de  la  Frontera,  aR'koce  d&  1&  fron-ti'ri,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  an 
elevated  rock  near  the  Guadalete.  The  name  is  derived  from 
its  being  built  in  the  form  of  a  "bow."  The  addition  de  la 
Frontera  ("of  the  frontier  or  limit")  was  derived  from  its 
position  on  the  old  Moorish  frontier.  Pop.  15,378.  It  was 
formerly  strongly  fortified.  Chief  manufactures,  leather 
(which  is  celebrated),  caps,  hats,  esparto  grass  work,  thread, 
and  ropes.  There  are  several  villages  in  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal named  Amos. 


Arcos  de  Valle  do  Vez,  aR'koce  di  v&l'li  do  rei,  » 

village  of  Portugal,  15  miles  N.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2200. 

Arcot,  ar^cot'  (North  and  South),  two  contiguous  marl- 
time  districts  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  com- 
prising the  whole  country  from  Coleroon  River  on  the  S.  to 
the  frontier  of  the  Nellore  district  on  the  N.,  and  E.  of  Cndda- 
pah,  Mysore,  and  Salem,  with  the  exception  of  the  Chingleput 
district,  lying  round  Madras.  United  area,  19,925  square 
miles.  Pop.  3,770,192.  Surface,  low  near  the  sea;  inland, 
hilly,  with  extensive  jungles.  Chief  rivers,  the  Coleroon 
and  Palaur ;  on  the  N.E.  coast  is  the  Pulicat  lake.  Chief 
city  and  towns,  Arcot,  Vellore,  and  Cuddalore.  Arcot  was 
ceded  in  1801  to  the  East  India  Company. 

Ar^cot',  Arucati,  or  Arookatee,  &-roo-k&'tee,  a 
city  once  the  Mohammedan  capital  of  the  Camatic,  on 
the  Palaur,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madras. 
Lat.  (fort)  12°  54'  14"  N.;  Ion.  79°  22'  23"  E.  It  was  first 
established  as  capital  of  the  Camatic  in  1716.  It  was  ceded 
to  the  East  India  Company  in  1801,  along  with  the  whole 
district.  The  town,  which  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Moham- 
medans, is  of  modem  erection,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  oon 
tains  a  few  buildings  worthy  of  notice.     Pop.  53,474. 

Ares,  Les,  a  village  of  France.    See  Les  Arcs. 

Arctias,  ark'she-as  or  ark'te-as,  an  island  of  the  Black 
Sea,  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  2  miles  W.N.W.  of  Keresoon. 

Are'tic,  a  manufacturing  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Warwick  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  large  cotton-factory,  and  a  printing-office.  The  nearest 
post-office  is  River  Point.     Pop.  about  300. 

Arctic  Highlands,  a  country  situated  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Baffin's  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland ;  discov- 
ered, in  1818,  by  Captain  Ross,  who  gave  it  the  name  it 
now  bears.  The  coast  trends  S.E.  and  N.W.,  extending  110 
miles,  is  ice-bound,  and  it  is  only  about  the  bases  of  the 
rocks,  chiefly  granite  and  gneiss,  close  by  the  sea,  that  a 
stunted  and  scanty  vegetation  is  to  be  seen. 

Arctic  Ocean  (named  from  Arc'tos,  Gr.  'ApxTos,  the 
"  Bear,"  the  constellation  of  which  is  principally  induded 
within  the  celestial  Arctic  Circle),  the  expanse  of  water 
that  surrounds  the  North  Pole  and  is  a  continuation  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  wide  sea, 
between  Greenland  and  Norway.  It  communicates  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean  through  Behring's  Strait,  and  comprises  all 
the  water  or  ice  within  the  Arctic  Circle,  which  is  23i 
degrees  from  the  North  Pole.  It  washes  the  northern 
shores  of  Asia,  Europe,  and  North  America.  No  navigator 
has  ever  reached  the  centre  of  this  frigid  zone,  the  ex- 
ploration of  which  is  extremely  difficult  and  perilous.  The 
progress  of  vessels  is  obstructed  even  in  summer  by  im- 
mense icebergs  and  fields  of  ice.  Some  of  the  icebergs 
are  so  large  that  they  rise  300  feet  above  the  water  in  which 
they  float.  Here  are  also  masses  of  floating  ice,  which 
have  a  rapid  rotatory  motion  and  dash  against  each  other 
with  tremendous  violence.  The  mercury  here  sinks  50°  or 
more  below  zero.  Dense  fogs,  violent  storms,  and  almost  per- 
petual darkness  increase  the  horrors  and  dangers  that  beset 
the  navigator  of  this  ocean.  For  the  purpose  of  discovering 
a  northwest  passage,  or  an  open  polar  sea,  many  expeditions 
have  been  conducted  to  the  Arctic  regions  without  success 
by  Capt.  Parry,  Sir  John  Franklin,  Dr.  Kane,  and  othei-s. 
In  1827,  Capt.  Parry  reached  a  point  in  lat.  82°  45'  and  Ion. 
19°  25'  E.  This  appears  to  be  the  highest  northern  latitude 
which  has  ever  been  visited.  Capt.  Hall,  commander  of 
the  "  Polaris,"  by  travelling  on  the  ice  in  a  sledge,  pene- 
trated to  lat.  82°  16'  N.  in  1871.  There  is  an  extraordinary 
abundance  of  animal  life  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  which  has 
also  valuable  whale-fisheries.  The  water  is  extremely  clear, 
shells  being  visible  at  the  depth  of  80  fathoms. 

Areneil,  aR^kuI',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Seine,  3  miles  S.  of  Paris,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to 
Sceaux.     Pop.  5034. 

Arey-sur-Cure,  aR^see'siiR-kiiR,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Yonne,  on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Auxerre.   Pop.  1 460. 

Ardabeel,  Ardabil,  or  Ardabyl,  aR-da-beel',  a 
town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  on  the  Kara-Soo,  90  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Tabreez.     Pop.  12,000. 

Ardagh,  aR'd&H,  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Longford,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Longford.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's 
see.     Pop.  of  parish,  2337. 

Ardahan,  aR-d&-H&n',  or  Ardagan,  aR-d&-g&n',  a  for- 
tified town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  the  district  of  Kars,  acquired 
by  Russia  in  the  war  of  1877-78.  It  is  on  the  Koor,  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Kars. 

Ardales,  aR-d&'lds,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Malaga.     Pop.  3912. 

Ardatov   an  d&-tov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 


ARD 


518 


ARD 


Simbeersk,  on  the  Alateer  (Alatyr),  14  miles  W.  of  the  town 
of  Alateer.     Pop.  5090.     It  has  two  cathedrals. 

Ardatov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.     Pop.  2962. 

Ardchattan,  ard-Kat'tan,  a  district  of  Argyleshire, 
Scotland,  consisting  of  the  united  parishes  of  Ardchattan 
and  Muckairn.     Pop.  1790. 

Ardea,  aR-di'8.,  a  village  of  Italy,  24  miles  S.  of  Rome, 
and  3  miles  from  the  Mediterranean.  This  ruined  capital 
of  the  ancient  Rutuli  occupies  the  rock  on  which  stood  its 
citadel,  where  some  remains  are  still  traceable.     Pop.  300. 

Ardebil,  or  Ardebyl,  Persia.    See  Ardabeel. 

Ard^che,  anMaish'  or  aR^dfish',  a  river  of  France,  the 
largest  stream  in  the  department  to  which  it  gives  its  name. 
Its  source  is  among  the  C6vennes ;  and,  after  a  course  of 
45  miles,  amid  magnificent  natural  scenery,  it  falls  into 
the  Rhone  about  a  mile  from  Pont  St.  Esprit.  In  the  lower 
part  is  the  fall  of  Ray-Pic,  above  100  feet  high,  and  below  is 
the  Bridge  of  Arc,  a  remarkable  natural  curiosity. 

Ard^che,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  between 
the  departments  of  Loire,  Isdre,  Drfime,  Vaucluse,  Gard, 
Lozire,  and  Haute-Loire.  Area,  2110  square  miles.  The 
whole  department  is  of  a  mountainous  character.  Numer- 
ous volcanoes  must  have  been  active  at  no  very  remote 
geological  period.  Several  of  the  craters  still  exhale  me- 
phitic  vapors,  and  warm  springs  issue  from  their  sides. 
The  streams  are  the  Ardeche,  the  Erieux,  and  the  Doux. 
They  have  all  an  E.  course,  and  belong  to  the  basin  of  the 
Rhone.  Among  the  metals  have  been  found  silver,  anti- 
mony, lead,  and  iron,  which  is  now  extensively  wrought, 
and,  in  connection  with  the  limestone  and  valuable  coal- 
fields, supplies  furnaces  and  forges  which  rank  as  the  m«st 
important  in  France.  Basalt  is  the  chief  building-stone  in 
the  district,  but  good  marble  is  extensively  quarried.  The 
chestnut  covers  extensive  tracts.  In  the  S.,  both  the  fig 
and  the  olive  thrive;  and  the  department  abounds  with  mul- 
berry-trees, which  supply  food  for  silk-worms.  A  large 
quantity  of  wine  is  produced.  Cattle,  sheep,  goats,  asses, 
and  mules  are  largely  bred.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Privas,  LargentiSre,  and  Tour- 
non.  Previous  to  1790  this  territory  formed  a  portion  of 
Vivarais,  a  dependence  of  Languedoc.  Capital,  Privas.  Pop. 
in  1876,  384,378;  in  1881,  376,867;  in  1891,  371,269. 

Ar^dee'  {Atherdee,  "town  on  the  Dee"),  a  town  and 
parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  on  the  Dee,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Drogheda.  Pop.  of  town,  2972.  It  has  two  old  castles 
(one  now  a  court-house),  a  church  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  work-house,  savings-bank, 
dispensary,  and  several  schools. 

Ardekoo,  or  Ardeku,  arM§-koo',  written  also  Arde- 
koun  or  Ardekan,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  two 
days'  journey  N.W.  of  Yezd.     Pop.  5000. 

Ardelan,  ar-d^-lln',  a  district  of  Persia,  in  Koordis- 
tan,  forming  a  part  of  the  province  of  Irak-Ajemee.  Chief 
towns,  Sinna  and  Kermanshah. 

Ardelica^  the  ancient  name  of  Peschiera. 

Ar'den,  an  ancient  forest  of  England,  believed  to  have 
covered  at  one  time  a  large  part  of  the  midland  and  eastern 
counties.  No  vestiges  of  it  remain,  except  in  certain  names. 

Ar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Ashville.     Pop.  100. 

Arden,  a  post-ofloice  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chartiers  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Washington. 

Arden,  a  post- village  in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  40 
miles  from  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Ardenheim,  ar'den-hime,  a  station  in  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Huntingdon. 

Ardennes,  or  Ar'den,  aR'dSn  or  aR^dSn',  Forest  of 
(anc.  Arduen'na  SyVva).  This  region,  familiar  to  the  read- 
ers of  Shakspeare  (see  Arden,  England),  is  a  vast  system  of 
heights  and  forests,  embracing  a  part  of  Belgium,  parts  of 
the  Rhine  province  of  Germany,  with  districts  in  Luxem- 
burg and  in  France,  and  extending  W.  to  the  sources  of  the 
Somme,  the  Oise,  the  Scheldt,  and  the  Sambre,  and  E.  to  the 
Moselle.  The  Ardennes  of  Caesar's  time  extended  to  the 
Rhine,  and  consisted  of  an  immense  forest.  At  present  the 
name  is  confined  to  the  wooded  heights  which,  extending 
N.W.  to  S.E.  on  each  side  of  the  Meuse,  descend  between 
Sainte-Menehould  and  Luxemburg,  and  are  finally  lost  in 
the  plains  of  the  ancient  Champagne. 

Ardennes,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed 
of  the  N.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Champagne  and  a 
Email  part  of  the  provinces  of  Picardy  and  French  Flanders, 
having  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  Belgian  Luxembourg,  W.  the 
department  of  Aisne,  S.  Marne,  and  E.  Meuse.  Area,  1955 
square  milps.     Rivers,  the  Meuse,  the  Bar,  the  Vence,  the 


Sormonne,  the  Aisne,  the  Aire,  the  Vaux,  and  the  Retourne 
The  climate  is  generally  cold  and  humid ;  the  soil  is  moun- 
tainous, and  much  wooded  in  the  N.  The  department  con- 
tains iron-mines,  slate-  and  marble-quarries,  potter's  clay, 
and  sand.  Abundance  of  corn  is  raised  in  the  rich  valleys ; 
cider  and  beer  are  made,  with  a  little  wine.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  fire-arms  and  of  metallic  wares  generally,  earth- 
enware, glass,  marble  goods,  woollen  cloths,  shawls,  clock- 
works, and  chemical  products.  Ardennes  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  M6zi§res,  Rethel,  Rocroy,  Sedan, 
and  Vouziers,  its  chief  towns.  Capital,  Mezieres.  Pop.  in 
1876,  326,782;  in  1881,  333,675;  in  1891,  324,923. 

Ardenno,  aR-dfin'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Valtel- 
lina,  12  miles  W.  of  Sondrio.     Pop.  1953. 

Ardentes  San  Martin,  aR^ftNt'  s&no  maRH&No',  a 
commune  and  village  of  France,  department  of  Indre,  on 
the  Indre,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Chateauroux.     Pop.  2450. 

Ardes,  aRd,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Puy-de- 
D6me,  on  the  Couze,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Issoire.     Pop.  1412. 

Ardesio,  aR-di'se-o,  an  ancient  village  of  Italy,  in  Ber- 
gamo.    Pop.  1949.     It  has  extensive  marble-quarries. 

Ardestan,  or  Ardistan,  aRM§-stin',  a  town  of  P«- 
sia,  86  miles  N.E.  of  Ispahan. 

Ard^fert',  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Kerry,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  192. 

Ardfin'nan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  on 
the  Suir,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Clonmel.     Pop.  560. 

Ardglass',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
the  Irish  Sea,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Downpatrick.  Pop.  of  town, 
613,  chiefly  engaged  in  fisheries.  The  pier  has  a  light- 
house. This  town  enjoyed  a  flourishing  commerce  during 
the  Lancastrian  dynasty. 

Ardish,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Akhlat. 

Ardistan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ardestan. 

Ardmeanach,  Scotland.    See  Cromarty. 

Ard'inore,  a  city  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  Ind.  Ter., 
98  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Worth,  Texas.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  cotton  compress,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  extensive  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  3000. 

Ardmore,  a  post-town  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  from  the  initial  station  at 
Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  title  and  trust  company, 
a  graded  public  •  school,  and  manufactures  of  yarn  and 
worsted.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Ard^naglass'  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, in  Connaught,  co.  of  Sligo.  It  extends  inland  for  6 
miles,  and  receives  the  Owenbeg  River,  and  at  its  head  is 
the  town  of  Ballysadare. 

Ardnamurchan  (ard-na-mfir'K^n)  Point,  a  cape  in 
Scotland,  the  westernmost  point  of  the  mainland  of  Britain. 
It  contains  a  light-house.     Lat.  56°  43'  45"  N. 

Ardnaree,  Ireland.     See  Ballina. 

Ardoch,  aR'doK,  or  Braco,  br&'ko,  a  village  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Perth,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Muthill. 

Ardoch,  ar'dok,  a  post-town  of  Walsh  co..  North  Da- 
kota, 25  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  grain  elevator.     Pop.  400. 

Ardore,  aR-do'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
di  Calabria,  7  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  5141. 

Ardoye,  aRMwi',  a  market-town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  16  miles  S.W,  of  Bruges.     Pop.  6100. 

Ar'drah,  or  Az'em,  a  town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of 
Dahomey,  lat.  6°  35'  N.,  Ion.  3°  42'  E.     Pop.  10,000, 

Ardres,  aRd'r,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de- 
Calais,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Calais.  Pop.  2189.  Near 
this  was  held,  in  1520,  the  celebrated  interview  of  the  "Field 
of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,"  between  Henry  VIII.  and  Francis  I, 

Ardrishaig',  a  village  and  port  of  Scotland,  in  Argyle- 
shire, on  Loch  Gilp  and  the  Crinan  Canal,  19  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Inverary.     Pop.  1177. 

Ardrossan,  ar-dros'san,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  opposite 
the  Isle  of  Arran.  It  is  now  a  fashionable  bathing-place, 
with  5  churches,  3  banks,  good  hotels,  and  handsome  villas; 
and  it  communicates  by  a  branch  railway  with  the  Glas- 
gow and  Ayr  lines  at  Kilwinning,  and  by  steam-packets 
with  Arran,  Belfast,  and  Liverpool.  The  harbor  has  a 
light-house  on  the  breakwater.     Pop.  4036. 

Ards'ley,  a, post-borough  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Northern  Railroad,  15  miles  above  the 
initial  station  at  155th  Street,  New  York.     Pop.  400. 

Ard'straw,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  Ty- 
rone, comprising  the  town  of  Newtown-Stewart  and  the 
villages  of  Ardstraw  and  Douglas  Bridge. 

Ardnenna  Sylva,  the  ancient  name  of  Ardennes. 

Ard'wick,   a  suburb   of  Manchester,   England,   and 


ARD 


519 


ARG 


within  the  bonnda  of  its  borough.  The  Sheffield  Railway 
joins  that  of  Binninghanr  in  this  suburb.     Pop.  28,066. 

Ardz-Room,  or  Ardz-Rum.     See  Erzroom. 

Areas,  i-ri'is.  or  Sfto  Miguel  das  Areas,  sSwno 
me-ghfil'  dis  i-ri'is,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  pro«nce  of 
SSo  Paulo,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  6000. 

Ar^ebo',  Ar^obo',  or  Arbon,  aB'biN"',  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Guinea,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Benin,  on  the  Benin 
River,  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Areca  Island,  in  the  Strait  of  Malacca.    See  Penang. 

Arechavaleta,  i-ri-chi-vi-li'ti,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Guipuzcoa,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Vitoria.     Pop.  860. 

Arecibo,  i-ri-see'bo,  a  seaport  of  Porto  Rico,  Spanish 
West  Indies,  on  the  Rio  Arecibo,  near  the  sea,  and  45  miles 
W.  of  San  Juan.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Arecibo.  Its  roadstead  is  exposed  to  N.  and  N.E.  winds, 
and  only  small  vessels  can  load  here.     Pop.  11,187. 

Arecife,  4-rd,-see'fi  (i.e.,  the  "  reef"),  a  seaport  town 
of  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.B.  coast  of  Lanzarote.     Pop.  2500. 

Ared,  a  province  of  Arabia.     See  A  abed. 

Arelas,  Arelate,  or  Arelatum.    See  Akles. 

Aremberg-Meppen  (4'rem-bSRG^  mSp'p^n),  a  former 
duchy,  situated  between  Oldenburg  and  the  Netherlands, 
now  a  part  of  Hanover.  Area,  740  square  miles.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Ems,  and  consists  chiefly  of  sandy  moors  and 
heaths.  It  gives  title  to  a  line  of  dukes ;  but  the  duchy 
has  been  mediatized,  and  has  only  a  nominal  existence. 

Arena,  k-rk'nk,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  on  Howakel  Bay, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Red  Sea,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Arkeeko. 

Arena,  i-ri'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia,  18i 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Voghera.     Pop.  3673. 

Arena,  d-ree'nd,  a  township  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Arena,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  in  Arena  town- 
ship, 1  mile  S.  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  600 ;  of  township,  1930. 

Ar^enac',  a  post- village  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Sag- 
inaw Bay,  28  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  260. 

Arena  Comitis.    See  Gratezakde. 

Arenas,  i-r4'n8,s,  a  Spanish  word  signifying  "sands," 
the  name  sometimes  given  to  islands,  capes,  sand-banks,  Ac. 

Arenas  de  San  Pedro,  3,-r^'nas  d^  s&n  pd,'sro,  a 
village  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Avila. 
Pop.  2300. 

Ar'endahl,  a  post-hamlet  in  Arendahl  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  Root  River  and  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad.     Pop.  946. 

Arendal,  i'r§n-dir,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Christiansand,  on  the  Skager-Rack,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Nid-Elv.  It  is  built  on  islands  and  rooks  projecting 
into  the  commodious  haven  formed  within  the  islands  of 
Tromde  and  Hiseroe.  The  buildings  are  of  wood,  clustered 
in  declivities,  and  scattered  up  the  surrounding  heights,  one 
of  which  is  crowned  by  a  handsome  church.  The  town  has 
a  commercial  and  other  schools,  a  custom-house,  and  yards 
for  ship-building.     Near  it  are  iron-mines.     Pop.  5800. 

Arendonck,  8.V§n-d6nk',  a  town  of  Belgium,  29  miles 
N.E.  of  Antwerp.  Pop.  3660,  employed  in  stocking-  and 
linen-weaving,  and  in  distilling. 

Arendsee,  3,'r§nt-si\  a  town  of  ^Prussian  Saxony,  53 
miles  N.  of  Magdeburg,  on  a  lake.     Pop.  2143. 

Arendtsville,  ir'^nts-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co., 
Pa.,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  2  churches,  chair- 
and  marble-works,  a  woollen-mill,  3  stores,  &o. 

Arensberg,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Arnsberg. 

Arensburg,  4'r§ns-b66RG\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livo- 
nia, capital  of  the  island  of  Oesol,  on  its  S.  coast,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Riga.     It  has  an  active  commerce.     Pop.  3256. 

Arenskrone,  a  town  of  Germany.  See  Deotsch-Krone. 

Arenys  de  Mar,  5.-r4-nees'  dk  maR,  a  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean,  in  Catalonia,  25  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  6385. 

Arenys  de  Munt,  i-rd-nees'  dk  moont,  a  village  of 
Spain,  a  little  N.  of  the  foregoing.     Pop.  1379. 

Arenzauo,  S,-r5n-zi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  by 
railway  W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3807. 

Ar'enzville,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co..  111.,  on  the  Rock- 
ford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  80  miles  N.  of 
Alton.  The  township  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  pop.  of  about  600. 

Arequipa,  i-r4-kee'pi,  a  department  of  Peru,  extend- 
ing along  the  Pacific,  between  lat.  15°  and  20°  S.,  and  Ion. 
69°  and  75°  W.,  having  on  the  E.  Bolivia,  and  on  the  S. 
the  department  of  Moquegua.     Pop.  160,282. 

Arequipa,  a  city  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  department  of 


the  same  name,  450  miles  S.E.  of  Lima,  and  about  40  milea 
from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  Lat.  16°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  72°  31'  W. 
Railways  connect  it  with  Mollendo  and  Puno.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  is  finely  situated,  7775  feet  above  the  sea-level,  on  the 
plain  of  Quilca,  on  the  river  Chili,  which  is  here  crossed  by 
a  handsome  stone  bridge.  It  enjoys  a  delightful  climate, 
and  is  one  of  the  best-built  towns  of  South  America.  It 
has  a  square  ornamented  with  an  elegant  bronze  fouu 
tain,  a  cathedral,  a  university,  a  medical  school,  several 
churches,  nunneries,  convents,  a  college,  and  a  hospitaL 
The  houses  and  public  edifices  are  all  of  stone,  generally 
only  of  one  floor,  with  thick  walls  and  vaulted  roofs,  to 
resist  the  shocks  of  earthquakes,  which  are  so  destructive 
as  to  have  laid  the  city  in  ruins  on  different  occasions.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  stud's  and  gold  and 
silver  tissue,  with  an  active  and  flourishing  trade.  In  the 
vicinity  are  gold-  and  silver-mines,  and  the  land  round  the 
town  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.     Pop.  about  35,000. 

Arequipa,  a  mountain  of  Peru.    See  Misti. 

Ares,  4'rfis,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Co- 
runna,  with  ruins  of  extensive  fortifications.     Pop.  1850. 

Ar^ethu'sa,  a  celebrated  fountain  of  Sicily,  in  the  city 
of  Syracuse.  It  springs  from  the  earth  under  an  arch  in 
the  rock  a  short  distance  from  the  sea,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  the  city  wall  only.  The  water,  described  by  the 
ancient  writers  as  pure  and  sweet,  is  now  brackish  from  the 
sea  having  found  access  to  it. 

Arette,  iVStt',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Baases- 
Pyr6n6es,  11  miles  from  Oloron.     Pop.  2065. 

Arevalo,  k-rk-xk'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  28 
miles  N.  of  Avila,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  3114. 

Arezzo,  i-rSt'so  (ano.  Arre'tium),  a  city  of  Italy,  Tus- 
cany, capital  of  the  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Chiana, 
an  affluent  of  the  Arno,  55  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Florence. 
Pop.  10,400.  Its  walls  are  evidently  Etruscan,  and  it 
abounds  in  architectural  remains  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Chief 
edifices,  a  cathedral,  and  several  other  churches  rich  in 
works  of  art ;  the  famous  loggie  of  Vasari,  in  the  principal 
square,  comprising  a  theatre,  town  hall,  hospital,  a  museum, 
and  a  library.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Ancient  Arretium  was 
famous  for  its  manufacture  of  terra-cotta  and  fine  red  pot- 
tery. The  principal  manufactures  of  modern  Arezzo  are 
silks,  woollen  stuffs,  and  pins.  The  city  is  celebrated  for 
the  great  number  of  eminent  men  who  were  born  in  it. 

Arezzo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  between  the 
provinces  of  Florence,  Pesaro  and  Urbino,  Siena,  and 
Umbria.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Apennines,  and  has  larg« 
forests.  Area,  1276  square  miles.  Capital,  Arezzo.  Pop. 
234,645. 

Arga,  aR'gS.,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  rising  in  the 
Pyrenees,  falls  into  the  Aragon,  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Argaeus,  ar-jee'us  (Turk.  Arjish-Dagh,  ar-jeesh'  dio, 
or  Erdjiah-  (or  Erjiah-)  Dagh,  er-jeesh'  die),  the  loftiest 
mountain  of  Asia  Minor,  12  miles  S.  of  Kaisareeyeh.  Cir- 
cumference, about  60  miles;  height,  13,100  feet.  It  is 
isolated,  except  on  the  S.E.  side,  where  it  is  connected  with 
a  branch  of  the  Taurus,  and  its  flanks  are  studded  with 
volcanic  cones.     The  snow-line  is  10,700  feet  high. 

Argamasilia  de  Alba,  aR-g&-m&-seel'y&  dk  kVhk,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  84  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Madrid,  on  the  Guadiana.     Pop.  1600. 

Argamasilia  de  Calatrava,  aR-g&-m&-seery&  dk 
ki-li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ciudad 
Real.     Pop.  2186. 

Argana  Maden.    See  Ahghana-Maden. 

Arganda  del  Rey,  aR-g&n'd&  ddl  r&'e,  a  town  of 
Spain,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3314. 

Arganil,  aR-g^-neel',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.    Pop.  2625. 

Ar^gaum',  a  village  of  Central  India,  38  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Ellichpoor.  Here  the  troops  under  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington (then  General  Wellesley)  totally  defeated  the  Nag- 
poor  forces,  November  28,  1803. 

Argel  and  Argelino.    See  Algiers. 

Argel^s,  aRzhMi'  or  aR^zh§h-14',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Hautes-Pvr6n6e8,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tarbes.     P05.  1660. 

Argeles-sur-Mer,  aRzh^i'  sUr  maiR,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Pyr6n6e8-Orientales,  12  miles  S.  of  Perpignan 
by  railway,  and  near  the  sea.     Pop.  2600. 

Argens,  aR'zhftu"',  a  river  01  France,  department  of 
Var,  falls  into  the  Mediterranean  about  2i  miles  S.W.  of 
Fr^jus.     Course,  about  60  miles. 

Argenta,  aR-jfin'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Ferrara.   Pop.,  with  a  large  commune,  16,242. 

Argen'ta,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Little  Rock  and  Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Rail- 
roads, and  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  2 


ARG 


520 


ARG 


miles  from  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  hall,  a 
flour-mill,  and  3  large  railroad  shops.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Argenta}  a  post-village  of  Macon  co..  111.,  on  the  Cham- 
paign &  Havana  Railroad,  12  miles  N.B.  of  Decatur. 

Argenta.  a  station  on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Argenta,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana, 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Bannock  City.  Gold  and  silver  are 
found  near  this  place.     It  has  a  smelting-furnace. 

Argenta^  a  station  in  Lander  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  72  miles  E.  of  Winnemucca. 

Argentan,  aR^zh5H<»H6No'  {L.Argemise  and  Argentonium 
Castrum),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Orne,  at  the 
crossing  of  two  railways,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alenfon. 
Pop.  5376.  It  is  well  built  and  clean,  and  has  a  normal 
school,  a  college,  and  manufactures  of  embroideries  and  lace, 
with  bleaching-grounds,  tanneries,  and  glove-works. 

Argentaria.    See  Argentiera. 

Argeutaro,  aR-j8n-t4'ro,  or  Egrisoo-Tagh,  eg'ro- 
600^  tia,  a  mountain  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  one  of  the  high- 
est of  the  Balkan  range  between  Servia  and  Macedonia. 

ArgentarOf  aR-jfin-ti'ro,  a  mountain  promontory  of 
Italy,  projecting  into  the  Mediterranean  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Tuscany,  immediately  W.  of  Orbitello.  Its  culminating 
point,  la  Cima  delle  tre  Oroei,  is  1700  feet  high. 

Argentat,  aR^zh6H»H4',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  CorrSze,  on  the  Dordogne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Tulle.  It 
has  coal-mines.     Pop.  3242. 

Argenteauj  aR^zh&N<>Ho',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Meuse,  6  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  765. 

Argenteail)  aR^zh6N»HuI'  (L.  Argento'lium),  a  t^wn 
of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine,  and 
on  a  railway,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  8078. 

Argenteuil,  aR*zh6n<»HuI',  a  county  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ottawa  River.  Area,  935  square 
miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  Rouge  and  North  Rivers.  The 
part  bordering  on  the  Ottawa  is  traversed  by  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway.     Chief  town,  Lachute. 

Argentiera,  aR-jfin-te-i'ri,  Argentaria^  aR-jfin-t4- 
ree'&,  or  Khimoli,  Kee'mo-lee  (anc.  Cimo'lis  or  Gimo'lus, 
and  Echinu'aa,  or  "  isle  of  vipers"),  an  island  in  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago.  Lat.  36°  49'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  24°  33'  5"  E. 
It  is  eighteen  miles  in  circumference,  and  of  volcanic  forma- 
tion, and  was  once  famed  for  its  detergent  Cimolian  earth. 

Argenti^re,  aR^zhftuo^e-aiR',  or  L'Argenti^re) 
laR^zh6M"^te-aiR',  a  commune  and  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Hautes-Alpes,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Brian^on,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Durance.     Pop.  1149.    See  Col  d'Argenti^re. 

Argentina^  aR-H&n-tee'n&  (now  called  Bahia  BIaii« 
ca),  a  port  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  at  the  head  of  Blanco 
Bay,  390  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Argentine,  ar'jen-tine,  a  city  of  Wyandotte  oo.,  Kansas, 
4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  It  has  9  churches, 
2  banks,  a  fine  graded  school  system,  manufactures  of  iron 
products  and  furniture,  and  extensive  gold  and  silver  smelt- 
ing-works  which  employ  650  men.     Pop.  4732. 

Argentine,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
from  Linden  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Flint.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Argentine  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  of  the  main 
or  Front  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Lat.  39°  37'  50" 
N.;  Ion.  105°  46'  30"  W.     Elevation,  13,100  feet. 

Argentine  (ar'jen-tine)  Republic  (Sp.  BepHblica 
Argentina,  ri-poob'le-k&  aR-nin-tee'ni ;  Fr.  R6publique 
Argentine,  ri^piibMeek'  aR^zh6N°Heen'),  a  South  American 
republic,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Bolivia,  on  the  E.  by  Para- 
guay, Brazil,  Uruguay,  and  the  Atlantic,  on  the  S.  by  the  At- 
lantic and  Chili,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Andes,  which  sepa- 
rate it  from  Chili.  It  extends  from  lat.  21°  to  55°  S.,  a 
distance  of  about  2400  miles,  and  is  mostly  included  be- 
tween 53°  and  70°  W.  Ion.  Its  average  breadth  is  nearly 
700  miles.  The  area  is  1,125,000  square  miles.  Nearly 
all  the  Atlantic  versant  of  Patagonia  belongs  to  this  repub- 
lic, together  with  Staten  Land  and  a  part  of  Fuegia.  The 
Argentine  Republic  is  nearly  all  in  the  temperate  zone. 

Face  of  the  Country. — This  country  has  no  high  moun- 
tains except  the  Andes,  which  extend  along  the  W.  boun- 
dary for  2500  miles.  Among  the  mountain-peaks  which 
rise  between  the  Argentine  Republic  and  Chili  are  Acon- 
cagua (22,422  feet  high)  and  Tupungato,  the  former  of 
which  is  said  to  be  the  highest  on  the  continent.  The 
summits  of  these  peaks  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
The  northwestern  part  of  the  country  is  occupied  by  several 
ranges  or  branches  of  the  Andes.  Between  the  Cordillera 
and  the  great  -plains  are  fertile  valleys  and  well-watered 
hilly  regions.  The  term  "Argentine  Mesopotamia"  is  ap- 
plied to  a  fertile  tract  of  low  land  which  lies  between  the 


rivers  Paranfi  and  Uruguay.  The  northern  part  of  this 
tract  is  extensively  covered  by  forests.  The  central  part 
of  the  republic  is  a  vast  plain  called  the  Pampas,  ■which  is 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  of  the  Pampas  is  fer- 
tile, and  produces  pasture  for  immense  herds  of  cattle  and 
horses.  This  great  plain,  which  is  generally  level,  has  a 
deep,  alluvial  soil,  which  in  the  wet  season  is  covered  with 
long  grass  and  gigantic  thistles.  A  stone  can  hardly  be 
found  here  for  hundreds  of  miles.  The  Argentine  Republic 
comprises  part  of  an  extensive  plain  called  the  Gran  Chaco, 
which  lies  on  the  N.  border  of  the  Pampas.  Many  saline 
lakes  occur  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Pampas.  Patagonia 
has  large  areas  of  good  pasturage  and  arable  land ;  but 
some  parts  are  extremely  stony. 

Rivera  and  Lakes. — The  principal  northern  rivers  are 
the  ParanS,  the  Paraguay,  the  Uruguay,  the  Pilcomayo, 
and  the  Vermejo.  Several  of  these  unite  in  the  E.  part 
and  pour  their  waters  into  the  Atlantic  through  a  common 
outlet  called  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  which  is  a  wide  estuary 
rather  than  a  river.  At  its  mouth,  between  Cape  St.  An- 
tonio and  Cape  St.  Mary,  it  is  170  miles  wide.  Above 
Montevideo  the  navigable  channel  is  contracted  between 
sand-banks,  and  the  water  on  its  southern  shore  is  so  shal- 
low that  extensive  harbor-improvements  have  been  required 
in  order  to  enable  large  ships  to  approach  Buenos  Ayres. 
The  main  branches  of  the  Plata  are  the  Parang  and  the 
Uruguay.  The  former  runs  nearly  southward  after  it 
enters  this  republic  from  Brazil.  It  is  about  2200  miles 
long.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Parani  and  its  affluent 
the  Paraguay  about  1000  miles.  The  largest  affluents  of 
the  Parana  are  the  Paraguay,  the  Salado,  and  the  Vermejo, 
which  are  all  navigable.  The  lower  Pilcomayo  River 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Paraguay  and  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic  by  a  treaty  concluded  in  February,  1876. 
The  great  plains  called  Pampas  are  not  traversed  by  any 
permanent  rivers  except  the  Rio  Colorado,  which  runs 
southeastward  and  enters  the  Atlantic  after  a  course  of 
about  500  miles.  Marshes,  lagoons,  and  temporary  lakes 
are  numerous  in  the  central  and  southern  plains.  Many 
of  these  disappear  in  the  dry  season,  leaving  the  ground 
covered  with  saline  deposits.  Near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Parand  is  a  large  shallow  lake  of  fresh  water,  called  Ibera. 
The  more  important  southern  rivers  are  the  Rio  Negro, 
Chnbut,  Deseada,  and  Santa  Cruz. 

Climate. — The  climate  is  generally  healthy.  In  the  ex- 
treme northern  part  the  heat  is  oppressive.  The  elevated 
plains  of  Mendoza  enjoy  an  agreeable  and  temperate  cli- 
mate, and  the  wide  region  between  Mendoza  and  Buenos 
Ayres  has  one  of  the  finest  climates  in  the  world.  The 
mean  annual  temperature  at  Buenos  Ayres  is  about  64° 
Fahr.  The  central  and  southern  plains  are  subject  to  long 
droughts.  The  pampero,  a  violent  wind  blowing  from  the 
S.W.  in  the  dry  season,  raises  clouds  of  dust  that  darken 
the  air.  Patagonia  has  in  general  a  cool  and  healthy  cli- 
mate. Even  in  Fuegia  the  climate,  though  harsh  and  dis 
agreeable,  is  never  very  cold. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Granite,  gneiss,  and  porphyry 
abound  in  the  mountains  on  the  W.  border  of  the  republic. 
The  islands  of  the  river  Paranfi  are  also  granitic.  The 
formation  of  the  Pampas  is  alluvial.  In  the  southern  part 
of  the  Pampas  occur  fossils  of  gigantic  extinct  animals 
called  Megatherium,  Glyptodon,  Ac.  Gold,  silver,  and  cop- 
per are  found  in  the  Aconquija  Cordillera,  which  separates 
Catamarca  from  Tucuman.  Mines  of  silver  and  copper 
have  been  discovered  in  La  Rioja,  and  mines  of  gold  in  the 
province  of  C6rdoba.  Rich  deposits  of  gold  occur  in  th» 
southern  territories.  Among  the  other  minerals  are  coal, 
iron,  alum,  cement,  copper,  lead,  tin,  sulphur,  and  salt. 

Plants  and  Animals. — The  flora  of  the  Pampas  is  not 
remarkable  for  variety.  Characteristic  plants  of  the  Gran 
Chaco  are  thorny  mimosas  and  species  of  cactus.  Palms 
and  other  tropical  trees  are  found  in  Salta  and  other  north- 
ern provinces.  Extensive  forests  occur  along  the  river 
Paran£i.  The  provinces  of  C6rdoba,  Santiago,  and  Tucu- 
man are  covered  with  forests  of  magnificent  trees  of  excel- 
lent timber.  The  southern  territories  are  well  wooded. 
The  mats,  or  Paraguay  tea,  is  indigenous  northward. 
Among  the  cultivated  plants  are  cotton,  sugar-cane,  to- 
bacco, cereal  grains  of  nearly  every  important  kind,  grapes, 
apples,  and  peaches. 

The  principal  indigenous  animals  are  the  jaguar,  the 
puma  or  cougar,  the  ounce,  the  tapir,  the  capybara,  the 
guanaco,  the  chinchilla,  the  biscacha,  the  armadillo,  the 
rhea,  and  the  condor.  The  immense  herds  of  cattle  and 
horses  that  roam  over  the  Pampas  are  of  European  breeds. 

Agriculture,  Commerce,  &c. — A  leading  source  of  wealth 
consists  in  the  rearing  of  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep.  Agrioul- 


AUG 


^H^nantities  of  cotton,  sugar-cane,  tobacco,  wheat,  barley,  oats, 
^^^maize,  and  rice  are  raised.  There  are  manufactures  of 
flour,  spirits,  phosphorus,  &o.,  and  large  establishments  for 
the  handling  of  various  cattle-products.  Some  of  the 
Indians  make  blankets,  cloth,  mantles  (ponchos),  &c.,  of 
wool.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  hides,  tallow,  wool, 
feathers,  horns,  beef,  bones,  sheep,  horses,  grain,  cattle, 
copper,  silver,  tin,  and  lead.  This  republic  has  many  lines 
of  railway,  with  an  aggregate  length  of  about  5000  miles. 
Population  and  Oovernmcnt. — The  people  are  very  largely 
of  Spanish  race  and  language.  The  aborigines  are  mostly 
uncivilized.  A  large  part  of  the  population  is  composed  of 
mestizoes,  called  Oauchoa,  who  live  on  horseback  and  are 
employed  in  taming  wild  horses  and  in  catching  and 
slaughtering  cattle.  The  Gran  Chaoo  and  Patagonia  are 
infested  by  several  tribes  of  Indians  of  wandering  habits. 
Numbers  of  French,  Italian,  and  other  European  immigrants 
have  recently  settled  in  this  republic.  The  Catholic  religion 
predominates  here,  but  other  religions  are  tolerated.  A 
portion  of  the  aborigines  have  been  Christianized.  The 
immigration  laws  are  extremely  liberal,  and  the  country 
offers  many  attractions  to  immigrants.  The  republic  is  one 
of  the  most  prosperous  in  South  America. 

The  government  is  a  federal  republic,  administered  by  a 
president,  who  is  elected  for  a  term  of  6  years.  There  are 
two  legislative  bodies,  the  senate  and  the  chamber  of  depu- 
ties. The  senate  is  composed  of  2  members  from  each 
province.  Buenos  Ayres  is  the  capital  of  the  republic, 
which  is  divided  into  14  provinces, — ^namely,  Buenos  Ayres, 
Catamarca,  C6rdoba,  Corrientes,  Entre  Rios,  Jujuy,  La 
Rioja,  Mendoza,  Salta,  San  Juan,  San  Luis,  Santa  F6,  San- 
tiago, and  Tucuman ;  besides  which  there  are  the  national 
territories  of  Pampa,  Neuquen,  Rio  Negro,  Chubut,  Santa 
Cruz,  Fuegia,  Missiones,  Formoza,  and  Chaoo.  The  prov- 
inces correspond  to  the  States  of  the  North  American 
Union,  and  the  constitution  of  the  republic  is  formed  on 
the  model  of  that  of  the  United  States.  The  principal 
towns  are  Buenos  Ayres,  the  federal  capital,  Cfirdoba,  Ro- 
sario.  La  Plata,  Mendoza,  Tucuman,  Corrientes,  and  Santa 
F6.  Chubut  is  an  interesting  Welsh  colony  in  Patagonia. 
The  population  of  the  republic  in  1887  was  4,046,654.  The 
government  gives  great  attention  to  popular  education, 
and  public  schools  of  various  grades  are  maintained  in 
great  numbers.  There  are  universities  at  Buenos  Ayres 
and  C6rdoba,  and  at  the  latter  place  there  is  a  celebrated 
astronomical  observatory. 

Hietory. — In  1527,  Sebastian  Cabot,  in  the  service  of  the 
King  of  Spain,  entered  the  Plata  and  ascended  the  river 
Parang.  Don  Pedro  de  Mendoza  built  a  fort  on  the  site 
of  Buenos  Ayres  in  1535,  and  explored  the  interior.  Soon 
after  this  date  the  Spaniards  founded  several  towns,  and 
began  the  conquest  of  the  country.  For  nearly  two  centu- 
ries these  Spanish  colonies  were  governed  by  the  Viceroy 
of  Peru.  Revolutionary  movements  commenced  here,  as  in 
other  American  colonies  of  Spain,  about  1810.  The  people 
were  involved  in  civil  wars,  some  fighting  for  the  king  and 
others  for  independence.  The  deputies  of  several  provinces 
met  in  1816,  renounced  their  allegiance  to  the  King  of 
Spain,  and  founded  a  republic  under  the  name  of  La  Plata. 
After  that  time  the  countrywas  for  some  time  disturbed  by 
revolutions  and  civil  wars.  Two  parties.  Federalists  and 
Unitarians,  contended  for  mastery.  Gen.  Rosas  was  for  a 
time  the  leader  of  the  Federalists,  who  opposed  a  strong 
central  government  and  desired  a  federation  of  states  which 
should  be  nearly  independent.  Rosas  acted  as  dictator 
from  1835  to  1852.  He  was  defeated  in  that  year  by  the 
united  forces  of  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and  Gen.  Urquiza. 
Rosas  went  into  exile,  and  Urquiza  was  elected  president. 
The  province  of  Buenos  Ayres  seceded  in  1863,  and  initiated 
another  civil  war.  After  Urquiza  had  gained  several  vic- 
tories, Buenos  Ayres  rejoined  the  confederation  in  1860,  in 
which  year  the  constitution  was  amended.  Between  1865 
and  1870  the  allied  powers  of  the  Argentine  Republic  and 
Brazil  waged  war  against  Paraguay.  The  dispute  with  Chili 
regarding  the  Patagonian  territories  was  settled  in  1881. 

Argenton-sar-Crease,  aR^zhfiN»H6N»'  sUr  krcz 
(anc.  Argentom'agut),  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Indre,  on  the  Creuse,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Chateauroux. 
Pop.  5274.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Argentoratnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Strasbukg. 

Argentr6,  aR^zh6N»Hr4',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vitr6.    Pop.  2175. 

Argentr6-sous-Iiaval,  aii^zhdu^Hri'  soo  l&Vil',  a 
Tillage  of  Friinee,  in  Mayenne,  6  miles  E.  of  Laval.  P.  1564. 

Argeiiuje,  the  Latin  name  of  Argentan. 

Arghana-Madeu,    aR^g4-ni'-mi'd4n,    a    town    of 
34 


521 


ARG 


Asiatic  Turkey,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Tigris, 
near  ita  source.     Pop.  about  4000.     It  has  copper-mines. 

Arghuri,  a  village  of  Armenia.     See  Arqooree. 

Argigo,  a  town  of  Abyssinia.     See  Arkeeko. 

Ar'giliite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenup  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Grayson. 

Argiro-Kastro,  Albania.     See  Argtro-Castro. 

Ar'go  (anc.  Oaugodes  or  Oora?),  an  island  of  Nubia, 
in  the  Nile,  between  lat.  19°  10'  and  19"  32'  N.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  25  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Ar'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Great 
Southern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Argo,  a  post-village  and  railway  junction  of  Arapahoe 
CO.,  Col.,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Denver.    Pop.  300. 

Argo,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  111.,  about  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Mount  Carroll. 

Argo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  about  15  miles 
N.  of  Steelville. 

Argolicus  Sinus,  ancient  name  of  Golf  of  Nacplia. 

Ar'golis  and  Cor'inth,  a  nome  of  Greece,  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  Morea.  Area,  1442  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Nauplia.  Pop.  127,820.  The  district  of  Argolis  ex- 
tends along  the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Nauplia. 

Argo'nia,  a  post-town  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  at  a 
railway  junction  20  miles  W.  of  Wellington.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  an  extensive 
mercantile  business.     Pop.  about  500. 

Argonne,  aR^gonn',  or  Forest  of  Argonne,  a  re- 
gion of  France,  departments  of  Mense  and  Ardennes.  It 
forms  a  small  plateau,  partly  covered  with  wood,  extending 
from  Toul  to  M^zi^res,  and  separating  the  basins  of  the 
Aisne  and  the  Meuse. 

Argoon,  or  Argun,  ar-goon',  a  river  of  Asia,  rises  in 
a  lake  in  Chinese  Tartary,  and,  flowing  from  S.  to  N.,  sepa- 
rates the  Russian  and  Chinese  Empires,  and  joins  the  Shilka 
to  form  the  Amoor.  Argoonsk  is  a  fort  of  Russia,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Argoon,  in  lat.  61°  51'  N.,  Ion.  119°  60'  E. 

Argoon,  or  Argun,  a  river  in  the  Russian  dominions, 
Circassia,  rises  in  the  Caucasus,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Terek  in  Ion.  46°  10'  E. 

Argooree,  or  Arguri,  aR-goo'ree,  a  village  of  Russian 
Armenia,  186  miles  S.  of  Tiflis,  on  the  N.E.  slope  of  Mount 
Ararat,  about  5400  feet  above  the  sea.  This  was  formerly 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  villages  in  Armenia.  On  July 
2,  1840,  a  great  earthquake,  or  more  probably  a  land-slide, 
destroyed  the  village  monastery  and  chapel,  with  some  1600 
of  the  inhabitants.     Only  114  people  escaped. 

Argos,  ar'ggs,  a  town  of  Greece,  nome  of  Argolis  and 
Corinth,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nauplia,  near  the  head  of  ita 
gulf,  and  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corinth.  Pop.  with  surround- 
ings, 10,620.  It  is  considered  the  most  ancient  city  of 
Greece,  and  was  long  the  capital  of  Argolis.  The  ruins  of 
Argos  Amphilochicum,  Acarnania,  exist  at  the  S.B.  corner 
of  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vonitza. 

Argos,  a  post-town  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  93  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Chicago,  and  110  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  graded  schools, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  (1890)  1105. 

Argostoli,  aR-gos'to-le,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece,  capi- 
tal of  the  island  of  Cephalonia,  on  its  S.W.  side,  with  an 
excellent  port  in  the  Gulf  of  Argostoli.  Lat.  38°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  19°  59'  3"  E.  Here  are  mills  driven  by  remarkable 
streams  flowing  from  the  sea  into  crevices  or  caverns  of  the 
island.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek  bishop.     Pop.  8016. 

Argouges,  aR^goozh',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Manohe,  15  miles  from  Avranohes.     Pop.  1392. 

Argonn,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Argoon. 

Argovie,  and  Argovia.    See  Aargau. 

Arguenon,  au^gh^h-nds*',  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Cdtes  du  Nord,  falls  into  the  English  Channel  at 
Le  Guildo,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Malo. 

Arguin,  aR-goo-een'  or  aR-gween',  an  island  off  the  W. 
of  Africa,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Blanco,  and  about  8  miles 
from  the  shore.  Lat.  20°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  37'  W.  It  is 
4  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  The  dangerous  bank  of 
Arguin  extends  N.  to  S.  135  miles,  from  near  Cape  Blanco 
to  Cape  Mirik.     Arguin  is  claimed  by  France. 

Argun,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Argoon. 

Arguri,  a  village  of  Armenia.     See  Argooree. 

Argurokastron,  modern  Greek  for  Argyro-Castro. 

Ar'gus,  a  hamlet  of  Crenshaw  oo.,  Ala.,  about  36  miles 
S.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Ar'gusville,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.T.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Cobleskill,  and  about  50  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  260. 

Argusville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.  14  milei 
by  rail  N.  of  Fargo.     It  has  a  church. 


ARG 


522 


ARI 


Argyle,  or  Argyll,  ar-ghile',  a  county  of  Scotland,  on 
its  W.  side,  greatly  indented  by  arms  of  the  sea,  and  having 
on  the  N.  Invemess-shire,  on  the  E.  the  counties  of  Perth 
and  Dumbarton,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.  the  Atlantic  and 
Irish  Channel.  It  includes  the  islands  of  Mull,  Islay,  Jura, 
Tiree,  Coll,  lona  or  Icolmkill,  Staffa,  Ac.  Area,  3255  square 
miles,  of  which  nearly  a  half  belongs  to  the  islands.  Pop. 
75,679.  Surface  mostly  rugged  and  mountainous.  Loch 
Awe  is  in  this  county.  Great  numbers  of  cattle  are  reared 
here  for  export  to  southern  markets.  Chief  towns,  Inverary, 
Campbeltown,  and  Oban.  It  returns  1  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  Argyle  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  the  head  of 
the  Campbell  family. 

Argyle*  ar-ghile',  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla., 
74  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pensacola.     Pop.  about  250. 

Argyle*  a  station  in  Clinch  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic 
A  Gulf  Kailroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Dupont. 

Argyle*  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  111.,  in  Harlem 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a  church,  and  an  elevator 
for  grain.    The  village  was  settled  by  Scottish  immigrants. 

Argyle,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  manufactures  of  shingles  and  lumber.     Pop.  307. 

Argyle*  a  post-township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  about  45 
miles  E.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  122. 

Argyle*  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Minn.,  39  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Crookston.  It  has  S  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  400. 

Argyle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Argyle  township,  45  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Albany.  It 
contains  the  Argyle  Academy  and  several  churches.  Pop. 
351 ;  of  the  township,  2850. 

Argyle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C,  about 
16  miles  W.  of  Fayetteville. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Pecatonica  River,  28  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Dodgeville.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.    Pop.  411. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  and  township  in  Yarmoutn  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Yarmouth. 
Pop.  of  township,  1333. 

Argyle,  a  post- village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  67  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Argyle  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  from  Greenville. 

Argyll,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Abgtle. 

Argyro>Castro,  aB'ghe-ro  kis'tro  (modern  Greek  Ar- 
gurokastron ;  Turk.  Ergree  Kastree),  a  town  of  Albania, 
vilayet  of  Yanina,  on  the  Deropuli,  a  tributary  of  the  Vo- 
yussa,  47  miles  N.W.  of  Yanina.  Pop.  about  6000.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated,  and  has  many  mosques,  a  ruined 
castle,  and  a  good  bazaar.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  snuff. 

Ar'i,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 

Aria,  the  ancient  name  of  eastern  provinces  of  Pebsia. 

Ariabinum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  MtJLHAusjsN. 

Arialdnnnm,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Rtjte. 

Ariana,  4r-§-an'a,  a  township,  Grundy  co..  111.    P.  337. 

Ariano,  4-re-4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
in  the  Apennines,  17  miles  by  railway  E.  of  Benevento. 
Pop.  14,347.  It  has  a  mountain-fortress,  a  cathedral,  a 
diocesan  school,  manufactures  of  earthenware,  and  an  export 
trade  in  wine  and  in  butter. 

Aria  Palus,  the  ancient  name  of  Hamoon. 

Arica,  4-ree'k&,  a  maritime  town  of  Chili,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Tarapaca,  200  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arequipa.  Lat.  18° 
28'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  10'  W.     It  was  formerly  a  much  more  im- 

Eortant  place  than  now.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass 
eads,  and  is  the  principal  port  through  which  the  foreign 
business  is  carried  on  with  Bolivia.  It  is  connected  by  rail- 
way with  Tacna.  Pop.  of  the  town,  though  once  estimated 
at  30,000,  is  now  only  about  4000. 

Aricati,  a  town  and  river  of  Brazil.    See  Aracati. 

Arichat.  il-re-shit',  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  Isle 
Madame.  Lat.  45°  28'  N.;  Ion.  61°  3'  W.  It  has  im- 
portant fishery  establishments,  and  is  the  chief  town  of  the 
county  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  Catholic  bishop,  a  large 
ladies'  seminary,  a  convent,  an  English  academy,  and  a 
good  harbor.  A  lead-mine  has  been  worked  at  the  head  of 
the  harbor.     Pop.  1058. 

Arid,  4r'id,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 
Lat.  46°  56'  S. :  Ion.  47°  30'  E. 

Ari6ge,  i're-aizh',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  East- 
ern Pyrenees,  traverses  the  departments  of  Ari6ge  and  Haute-  - 
'Garonne,  and  joins  the  Garonne.     Length,  90  miles. 

Ari6ge,  a  department  in  the  S.  of  France,  having  S.  the 
Pyrenees  and  Spain ;  W.,  Haute-Garonne ;  N.E.,  Aude ;  and 


S.E.,  Pyr^n^es-Orientales.  Area,  1738  equare  miles.  Two- 
thirds  of  the  province  is  covered  with  mountains,  which  rise 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  reach  their  greatest  elevation  on  the  ex- 
treme frontier  in  the  Pyrenees.  The  principal  summit  is 
Montcalm,  10,611  feet  high.  The  various  branches,  stretch- 
ing from  E.  to  W.,  separate  the  department  into  two  valleys, 
the  one  watered  by  the  Arifige  and  the  other  by  the  Salat. 
In  the  N.  the  climate  is  mild  and  temperate ;  but  in  the  S. 
the  heat  is  oppressive  in  summer  and  the  cold  extreme  in 
winter.  The  nigher  lands  in  the  S.  furnish  wood  and  pas- 
turage; the  lower  are  remarkable  for  their  fertility.  The 
vine  is  cultivated  up  to  the  middle  of  the  higher  mountains. 
Large  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared.  The 
staple  trade  of  the  department  is  in  iron,  the  principal  mines 
of  which  are  on  the  Vicdessos.  Lead  and  copper  are  pro- 
cured in  various  places;  also  small  quantities  of  silver. 
Marble,  gypsum,  slates,  and  coal  are  worked.  Chief  com- 
merce in  iron,  wood  for  building,  grain,  and  cheese;  and 
manufactures  of  steel  wares,  paper,  cotton,  and  woollen 
cloth.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Foix, 
Pamiers,  and  St.  Girons.  Capital,  Foix.  Pop.  in  1876, 
244,795;  in  1881,  240,601;  in  1891,  227,491. 

Ariel,  a're-§l,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of 
Hawley.  Here  are  2  stations.  No.  12  and  No.  19,  each  of 
which  has  a  stationary  engine,  one  for  each  of  the  two  lines 
of  the  railroad. 

Arielli,  4-re-5l'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  & 
miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  1203. 

Arienzo,  i-re-fin'zo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta,  on  a  railway,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  3767. 

Ariet'ta,  apost-township  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
"  Great  North  Woods."  It  contains  Lake  Piseco,  a  resort  for 
anglers  and  tourists.     Pop.  139. 

Arigal,  i're-gJLl,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of 
Donegal,  7i  miles  E.  of  Guidore  Bay.     Height,  2462  feet. 

Arime,  an  ancient  name  of  the  island  of  Ischia. 

Ariminnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Riuini. 

Arinos*  i-ree'noce,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  rises  in  the  Parecis  Mountains,  takes  a  N.W.  course, 
and  falls  into  the  river  Tapajos,  an  affluent  of  the  Amazon, 
in  lat.  9°  30'  S.,  Ion.  58°  20'  W.     Length,  about  700  miles. 

Arinthod*  i^rliJoHo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Jura,  19  miles  S.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1255. 

Ar'ion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  12  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Portsmouth,  and  94  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
several  stores. 

Arios'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Ozark. 

Aripo,  i-ree'po,  or  Arip'po,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  on  its 
W.  coast,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Calpentyn.  It  is  the  residence 
of  government  authorities  during  the  pearl-fishing  season. 

Arisaig*  4r-i-s5k',  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  32i  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Arish,  El,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  El-Areesh. 

Arispe,  i-ris'p4,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  Sonora, 
on  the  Sonora  River,  in  the  Sierra  Madre.  Pop.  about  3000. 
There  are  extensive  ruins  N.W.  of  the  town,  and  numerous 
mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Aris'pe*  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  about  60 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Des  Moines. 

Aris'pie,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Aristiza'ble  Island,  British  Columbia,  in  lat.  62° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  129°  W.,  lies  in  Queen  Charlotte's  Sound,  is  27 
miles  long,  and  is  separated  by  Laredo  Channel  from  Princess 
Royal  Island. 

Arith,  i^reet',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  near  the  river 
Ch6ran.     Pop.  912. 

Aritzn,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Arizu. 

Ariza,  i-ree'thl,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  railway,  70  miles 
S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1232. 

Arize,  i'reez',  or  Larize*  UVeez',  a  river  of  France, 
after  a  course  of  about  25  miles,  falls  into  the  Garonne,  op- 
posite Carbonne.  It  traverses  Roche-du-Mas,  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  caverns  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Arizo'na,  a  territory  of  the  United  States,  bordering 
on  Mexico,  is  bounded  N.  by  Utah  and  Nevada,  E.  by  New 
Mexico,  S.  by  Mexico,  and  W.  by  California  and  Nevada. 
The  37th  degree  of  N.  lat.  is  its  northern,  and  the  109th 
degree  of  W.  Ion.  its  eastern  limit,  and  nearly  all  the  W. 
border  is  washed  by  the  navigable  Rio  Colorado  of  the 
West.     Area,  113,020  square  miles. 

Arizona  is  entirely  within  the  valley  of  the  Colorado,  two 
of  whose  principal  tributaries,  the  Gila  and  the  Little  Col- 
orado, traverse  it  from  E.  to  W.  Many  of  the  streams 
of  the  territory  flow  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in  deeply- 


ARI 


523 


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eroded  chasms  or  oaiions,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is 
the  Grand  CaSon  of  the  Colorado,  whose  walls  for  more  than 
300  miles  rise  usually  from  3000  to  6000  feet  sheer  from  the 
water's  edge ;  and  the  passage  of  boats  along  this  gloomy 
course  oan  only  be  effected  at  extreme  peril,  owing  to  the 
frequency  of  rooks  and  rapids.  The  rainfall  of  Arizona  is 
small,  and  occurs  chiefly  during  July,  August,  and  Septem- 
ber. The  streams  are  mainly  useful  as  sources  of  supply 
for  irrigation  and  mining.  Where  irrigation  can  be  efifected, 
the  soil  usually  proves  richly  productive,  even  on  alkaline 
plains  which  were  apparently  worthless  desert ;  while  vast 
tracts  of  waste  and  mountain  land  have  proved  to  be  ad- 
mirably adapted  to  wool-growing  and  cattle-raising,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  vegetation  is  for  the  most  part 
scanty.  Most  of  the  mountain-chains  may  be  regarded  as 
spurs  stretching  irregularly  westward  across  high  and 
broken  plateaus  which  slope  W.  and  S.  from  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  but  there  are  many  isolated  and  precipitous 
ne«a»  and  detached  mountain-groups.  In  the  mountains 
of  the  N.E.  there  are  forests  of  coniferous  trees,  cover- 
ing an  area  of  2700  square  miles.  Elsewhere  the  mes- 
quite,  Cottonwood,  various  species  of  cactus,  grease-wood, 
creasote-bush  or  stinkweed,  agave,  yucca,  and  the  so-called 
sage-bush  are  characteristic  plants.  Among  the  remarkable 
shrubs  and  trees  are  the  Fouquiera  splendens,  the  palo  de 
hierro,  the  New  Mexican  locust,  the  green-bark,  or  palo 
verde,  the  Jerusalem  thorn,  a  peculiar  species  of  plane-tree, 
and  numerous  others  quite  unknown  on  the  Atlantic  slope. 
At  one  point  on  the  Little  Colorado  there  are  more  than 
1000  cords  of  silicified  wood  in  one  pile;  and  the  Triassic 
marls,  here  1000  feet  deep,  are  filled  with  petrified  coniferous 
trees,  many  of  the  logs  being  60  feet  in  length. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — It  is  stated  that  the  various 
canons  of  Arizona  afford  sections  of  every  geological  forma- 
tion known  in  America,  and  present  unsurpassed  facilities 
for  the  study  of  the  earth's  crust  to  the  depth  of  some  25,000 
feet.  There  is  a  vast  amount  of  granitic  and  plutonic  rock 
in  the  mountain-ranges,  apparently  thrown  out  in  dikes 
and  lava-streams  of  almost  every  geological  age  excepting 
the  most  recent.  Immense  lava-beds  exist  in  the  N.,  but  at 
present  there  are  no  active  volcanoes.  The  great  wealth  of 
the  territory  consists  in  its  mineral  treasures.  Gold,  silver, 
lead,  copper,  iron,  sulphur,  coal,  cinnabar,  salt,  borax,  and 
other  valuable  mineral  substances  abound.  The  mining  and 
working  of  gold  and  silvecores  are  thus  far  the  leading  indus- 
trial pursuits.  The  mines  were  wrought  for  many  years  by 
Mexican  and  Spanish  proprietors ;  but  the  scanty  water- 
supply  and  the  difiiculties  of  transportation,  both  in  those 
days  and  more  recently,  very  greatly  interfered  with  the 
productiveness  of  many  of  the  mines.  The  lately  increased 
railroad  facilities  have,  however,  already  given  a  new 
impetus  to  the  development  of  the  vast  mineral  resources. 
The  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  product  in  1891  was 
$3,622,272,  and  of  copper,  $4,200,000. 

Climate. — On  account  of  the  scanty  rainfall,  there  is  a  gen- 
oral  absence  of  those  catarrhal  diseases  which  result  from 
an  overplus  of  moisture  in  air  and  soil.  The  mountain- 
regions  have  a  delightfully  cool  climate.  Snow  is  nowhere 
perpetual,  and  is  rare  except  upon  mountain-peaks  in  win- 
ter. In  the  S.W.  the  summer  heat  is  excessive,  and  mala- 
rial fevers  are  not  unknown  upon  the  bottom-lands  of  the 
"Lower  Colorado.  These  lowlands,  with  similar  tracts  along 
the  Gila  and  Salt  Rivers,  constitute  perhaps  the  best  agri- 
cultural sections  of  the  territory. 

The  country  is  by  nature  better  adapted  to  pastoral  than 
to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  the  raising  of  cattle  and 
sheep  has  been  stimulated  by  the  extension  of  agriculture 
in  California.  There  were  in  1891  over  700,000  cattle  and 
about  290,000  sheep  in  the  territory.  Much  attention  has 
been  devoted  lately  to  irrigation,  and  excellent  crops  of 
wheat,  barley,  corn,  alfalfa,  fruits,  and  garden  vegetables 
are  raised.  The  Pueblo  Indians  and  other  half-civilized 
tribes  have  been  for  an  unknown  period  successfully  en- 
gaged in  agriculture;  and  the  remains  of  many  ancient 
aqueducts,  now  dry,  show  that  at  a  former  period  irriga- 
tion was  extensively  practised.  The  number  of  acres  capa- 
ble of  profitable  irrigation  is  oflScially  estimated  at  6,000,000 
or  more,  and  the  area  of  good  pasturage  is  given  at  55,000,000 
acres.  The  reports  for  1S91  show  that  over  400,000  acres 
have  already  been  reclaimed  by  means  of  irrigating  canals. 

Jfft«tory.— Spanish  missions  were  established  in  this  re- 
gion before  1600  (?),  and  long  before  the  advent  of  the  whites 
there  wore,  as  at  present,  Indian  communities  which  had 
attained  a  respectable  degree  of  civilization.  Very  remark- 
able ruins  of  this  prehistoric  period  exist  in  the  territory. 
These  ancient  houses,  like  the  caaaa  grandee  of  some  of  the 
r  resent  half-civilized  tribes  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  were 


simply  great  tenement-houses  of  several  stories,  each  con- 
taining in  some  instances  hundreds  and  even  thousands  of 
inhabitants.  These  great  structures  were  built  of  stone  or 
sun-dried  brick,  and  served  for  defence  against  hostile  tribes 
as  well  as  for  habitations.  Some  degree  of  communism  was 
probably  observed.  In  1848  all  this  region  N.  of  the  Gila 
was  ceded,  together  with  New  Mexico,  of  which  it  was  then 
a  part,  to  the  United  States.  In  1853  the  Gadsden  Pur- 
chase, S.  of  the  Gila,  was  made  from  Mexico.  Of  this  the 
greater  part  now  belongs  to  Arizona.  The  region  was  long 
desolated  by  the  ravages  of  Indians,  and  was  the  abode  of 
many  outlawed  whites,  chiefly  Mexican.  In  1863  it  wa» 
organized  as  a  territory. 

Counties  and  I'owna. — There  are  eleven  counties,— 
Apache,  Cochise,  Coconino,  Gila,  Graham,  Maricopa,  Mo- 
have, Pima,  Pinal,  Yavapai,  and  Yuma.  The  chief  towns 
are  Tucson,  Yuma  (opposite  Fort  Yuma,  Cal.,  on  the  Colo- 
rado), Prescott,  the  former  capital,  Phoenix,  which  became 
the  capital  Peb.  4,  1890,  Tombstone,  Florence,  and  Bisbee. 

Education,  dec. — There  is  a  system  of  free  public  schools 
established  by  law,  the  governor,  secretary,  and  treasurer 
of  the  territory  being  a  board  of  education.  There  are  also 
county  superintendents  of  schools.  Some  Indian  reserva- 
tions have  special  mission-schools.  There  is  a  territorial 
normal  school  at  Tempe,  and  the  University  of  Arizona  at 
Tucson  was  opened  in  1891.  In  connection  with  the  agri- 
cultural department  of  this  institution  there  are  experi- 
mental stations  at  the  university,  at  Phoenix,  at  Tempe, 
and  near  Yuma.  The  commercial  facilities  of  Arizona  have 
been  greatly  increased  by  the  construction  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railroads.  With  six 
local  roads,  these  lines  aggregate  1095  miles  of  track. 

Population. — Exclusive  of  untaxed  Indians,  the  popula- 
tion of  this  region  was  in  1860,  6482;  in  1870,  9658;  in 
1880,  40,440;  and  in  1890,  69,620.  The  figures  for  1890 
are,  however,  considered  low,  and  the  estimate  on  good 
authority  for  1891  was  placed  at  70,000.  There  are  some 
civilized  Indians  settled  in  villages,  and  the  uncivilized 
tribes  occupy  reservations  aggregating  6,603,191  acres.  Of 
these  wild  tribes,  the  Apaches  were,  for  a  long  time,  the 
terror  of  this  whole  region,  but  since  the  surrender  of  Geron- 
imo  in  1888  they  have  gi*ren  little  trouble. 

Arizona^  or  Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Omaha.  It  is  connected  by  ferry  with  Little  Sioux,  Iowa 
(River  Sioux  Station).     It  has  a  church. 

Arizona  City,  Arizona,  the  former  name  of  Yuma. 

Arizo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton- 
factory,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  400. 

Arizn,  or  Aritzn,  4-rit-soo',  or  Aritzo,  i-rit-zo',  a 
village  of  Sardinia,  40  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2102. 

Aija,  aR'ji,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalio  of  Bag 
dad,  on  the  Euphrates,  92  miles  N.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Aijeplog,  aR'y^-plog^j  a  town  of  Swedish  Lapland,  on 
the  Horn-Afvan,  175  miles  N.N.E.  of  Umei. 

Arjish,  aR^jeesh',  a  river  of  Roumania,  rises  in  the 
Carpathian  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Danube  42  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bucharest.     Length,  150  miles. 

Aijish,  a  town  on  the  above  river,  90  miles  N.W.  of 
Bucharest,  with  a  rich  convent,  many  churches,  and  a  for- 
tress.    Pop.  3000. 

Aijish,  or  Aijish-Dagh.    See  Ars^us. 

Aijona,  aR-Ho'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Jaen,  has  manufactures  of  pottery.     Pop.  4010. 

Arjonilla,  aR-Ho-neel'y&,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  on 
a  railway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Arjona.     Pop.  3600. 

Ark^abut'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tate  co.,  Miss.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Coldwater.     It  has  a  church. 

Arkadel'phia,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Blount  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  several  business  concerns. 

Arkadelphia,  a  city,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  65  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It 
has  2  banks,  7  churches,  a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist  college, 
a  high  school,  a  plough-factory,  salt-works,  and  3  news- 
paper ofBces.     Pop.  (1890)  2455. 

Arkadia,  Greece.     See  Arcadia;  also  Ktparissia. 

Ark'alon,  a  post-town  of  Seward  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Cimarron  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railway,  164  miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  state  bank,  a  sugar-factory,  graded  schools,  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.     Pop.  about  350. 

Arkan'«a8  (^officially  pronounced  ar'kan-saw^),  a  large 
river  of  the  United  States,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Mississippi. 
It  rises  on  or  near  Mt.  Arkansas,  in  Colorado,  at  a  height 
of  nearly  10.000  feet,  about  lat.  39°  20'  N.  and  ion.  106<» 


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524 


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16'  W.  It  runs  southward  and  southeastward  to  the  Poncho 
Pass,  and  passes  through  a  deep  canon  40  miles  long  to  the 
eastern  side  of  the  Front  Range.  After  it  has  reached  the 
town  of  Pueblo,  its  general  direction  is  eastward  for  about 
too  miles.  It  descends  2408  feet  in  a  distance  of  206  miles, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Apishpa  River  to  the  Pawnee.  It 
traverses  the  great  treeless  arid  plains  of  Colorado  and 
Western  Kansas,  and  near  the  middle  of  the  latter  state 
changes  its  course  to  the  southeast.  Having  crossed  the 
southern  boundary  of  Kansas,  it  runs  southeastward  through 
the  Indian  Territory,  in  which  it  receives  large  aflauents 
named  Cimarron  and  Canadian  Rivers  from  the  right, 
and  the  Neosho  River  from  the  lefl.  Pursuing  a  south- 
east course,  it  intersects  the  state  of  Arkansas,  which  it 
divides  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  at  Napoleon,  in  Desha  co.  It  is  not  obstructed  by 
falls  or  rapids  after  it  descends  into  the  plains  of  Western 
Kansas.  The  length  of  this  river  is  about  2000  miles,  and 
the  area  of  the  basin  it  drains  is  189,000  miles.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  it  about  660  miles  from  its  mouth, 
except  during  low  water.  The  difference  between  high  and 
low  water  is  about  25  feet  at  Fort  Smith,  and  more  at  places 
nearer  the  mouth. 

Arkansas,  a  S.  central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
bounded  N.  by  Missouri,  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which 
separates  it  from  Tennessee  and  Mississippi,  S.  by  Louisiana 
and  Texas,  and  W.  by  Texas  and  the  Indian  Territory.  Its 
southern  limit  is  33°  N.  lat.,  and  its  northern  is  the  parallel 
of  36°  30'.     Area,  53,850  square  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  quite  varied.  The  Ozark 
Mountains,  a  broken  range  of  hills,  with  some  peaks  of 
considerable  height,  extend  in  a  S.W.  direction  from  Mis- 
souri as  far  as  the  Arkansas  River.  Outlying  members  of 
this  hiU-system  are  the  Black  Hills  of  the  N.,  the  Ouachita 
Hills  of  the  S.,  and  the  Cane  Hflls  of  the  N.W.  The 
Mississippi  river-bottoms  are  very  extensive  and  usually 
level,  with  many  marshes  and  bayous,  overflow  being  pre- 
vented by  an  extensive  and  costly  system  of  levees  and 
dikes.  Westward  from  this  the  land  rises  gently  till  the 
hill-country  is  reached.  In  the  S.  are  numerous  prairie- 
tracts,  while  other  regions  are  beautifully  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys.  All  parts  of  t^e  state  are  finely  tim- 
bered. There  are  dense  pine  forests;  also  an  abundance 
of  oak,  hickory,  pecan,  walnut,  chicot,  bois  d'arc,  cypress, 
cedar,  and  many  other  useful  trees.  The  lumber  product, 
which  in  1880  had  little  or  no  value,  amounted  in  1890  to 
nearly  $20,000,000.  Abundant  and  very  remarkable  remains 
of  a  prehistoric  period  exist  in  the  N.E.,  where  dikes,  roads, 
mounds,  and  relics  of  old  fortifications  have  been  traced. 

Minerals. — Coal  is  known  to  exist  in  more  than  12  coun- 
ties, lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  coals 
are  of  a  semi-anthracite  character,  and  of  a  high  grade  of 
excellence,  but  are  not  extensively  wrought.  Lignite,  said 
to  be  of  good  quality,  exists  in  the  S.E.  tertiary.  The 
mineral  wealth  of  Arkansas  is  great.  Besides  coal  there  is 
abundance  of  rich  argentiferous  galena,  and  excellent  ores 
of  zinc  and  iron  are  known  to  exist  at  various  points.  The 
valuable  novaculite,  or  hone-stone,  is  largely  obtained. 
Grindstones,  marble,  burr  millstone,  slate,  copper  ore,  gran- 
ite, and  kaolin  are  among  the  plentiful  mineral  treasures  of 
Arkansas.  The  famous  Hot  Springs,  renowned  for  their 
efficacy  in  a  wide  range  of  diseases,  are  in  Garland  co.,  and 
there  are  other  mineral  and  thermal  waters. 

Climate. — The  climate  of  the  marshy  and  flat  alluvial  dis- 
tricts is  hot,  and  people  not  acclimated  are  exposed  to  severe 
febrile  attacks.  But  the  remainder  of  the  state,  and  espe- 
cially the  hill-region,  has  a  very  pleasant  and  salubrious 
climate.  Neither  the  severe  N.  winds  of  Texas  nor  the  long 
droughts  of  Kansas  are  experienced  here.  The  Ozark  region 
has  a  high  reputation  as  a  sanitary  retreat  for  persons  suf- 
fering from  pulmonary  disease. 

Counties  and  Towns. — Arkansas  has  75  counties  :  Ar- 
kansas, Ashley,  Baxter,  Benton,  Boone,  Bradley,  Calhoun, 
Carroll,  Chicoit,  Clark,  Clay,  Cleburne,  Cleveland,  Columbia, 
Conway,  Craighead,  Crawford,  Crittenden,  Cross,  Dallas, 
Desha,  Drew,  Faulkner,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Garland,  Grant, 
Greene,  Hempstead,  Hot  Spring,  Howard,  Independence, 
Izard,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  La  Fayette,  Lawrence, 
Lee,  Lincoln,  Little  River,  Logan,  Lonoke,  Madison,  Marion, 
Miller,  Mississippi,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Nevada,  Newton, 
Ouachita,  Perry,  Phillips,  Pike,  Poinsett,  Polk,  Pope,  Prairie, 
Pulaski,  Randolph,  St.  Francis,  Saline,  Scott,  Searcy,  Se- 
bastian, Sevier,  Sharp,  Stone,  Union,  Van  Buren,  Washing- 
ton, White,  Woodruff,  Yell. 

The  principal  towns  are  Little  Rock,  the  capital  (pop.  in 
1890,  25,874) ;  Fort  Smith  (pop.  11,311);  Pine  Bluff  (pop. 
9952);  Hot  Springs  (pop.  8086).     Other  places  of  conse- 


quence are  Helena,  Eureka  Springs,  Texarkana,  Fayette- 
ville,  Camden,  and  Arkadelphia. 

Industrial  Pursuits, — Agriculture  has  always  been  the 
leading  industrial  interest,  for  much  of  the  soil  is  of  unsur- 
passed fertility.  Cotton  and  corn,  produced  mainly  in  the 
southeastern  half  of  the  state,  are  the  most  important  prod- 
ucts. The  raising  of  live-stock  is  also  an  important  pur- 
suit. Manufacturing  has  not  been  until  lately  tried  upon  a 
noteworthy  scale.  At  present  there  are  some  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  leather,  lumber,  <fco. ;  and  for 
enterprises  of  this  class  the  state  affords  excellent  facilities. 
Mining  operations  have  been  undertaken  at  a  few  points. 
The  working  of  novaculite,  or  hone-stone,  is  already  an  im- 
portant pursuit.  The  commerce  of  the  state  is  much  facili- 
tated by  the  navigable  rivers.  These  are,  besides  the  Mis- 
sissippi, the  Arkansas,  navigable  across  the  entire  state ;  the 
Ouachita,  navigable  two-thirds  of  the  year  to  Arkadelphia ; 
the  Red  River,  which  crosses  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  state ; 
the  St.  Francis,  navigable  for  some  150  miles  in  high  stages 
of  the  water ;  the  White  River,  navigable  to  Batesville,  400 
miles;  and  the  Black  River,  navigable  100  miles;  besides 
other  rivers  and  bayous  adapted  to  flat-boat  navigation. 

Railroads  connect  the  principal  towns  with  one  another 
and  with  the  commercial  centres  of  neighboring  states. 

Education. — The  constitution  of  1874  provides  for  tho 
maintenance  of  an  effective  system  of  free  public  schools. 
The  secretary  of  state  is  superintendent  of  schools,  and  there 
are  also  county  superintendents.  There  is  a  State  Industrial 
University  at  Fayetteville,  with  a  normal  department  and  a 
training-school.  Other  schools  reported  are  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Little  Rock ;  Cane  Hill  College,  Boonsborough ;  Judson 
University,  Prospect  Bluff;  and  St.  Andrew's  College,  Fort 
Smith.  The  state  maintains  a  school  for  the  blind  at  Little 
Rock,  and  a  deaf-mute  institute,  also  at  Little  Rock.  There 
are  many  private  schools  and  academies  in  the  state,  as  well 
as  a  system  of  Catholic  schools. 

The  Public  Debt. — In  1874  the  state  debt  amounted  to 
$12,108,247,  of  which  more  than  one  half  was  a  new  debt, 
incurred  for  the  benefit  of  railroads,  for  the  construction 
of  levees  along  the  banks  of  rivers,  and  for  other  internal 
improvements.  In  1875,  however,  the  state  government 
repudiated  this  new  debt,  on  the  ground  that  it  was  created 
by  alien  adventurers.  In  1880  the  net  state  debt  amounted 
to  $5,245,827,  and  in  1890  to  $5,168,025. 

History. — Arkansas  was  a  part  of,  French  Louisiana,  which 
was  purchased  in  1803  by  the  United  States.  It  became 
a  portion  of  Missouri  Territory  in  1812,  and  was  set  off  and 
organized  as  Arkansas  Territory  in  1819.  The  state  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  in  1836 :  it  was  but  slowly  developed 
until  1850,  but  in  the  decade  following  its  population  was 
doubled.  A  state  convention  in  1861  passed  an  ordinance 
of  secession  (March  4),  and  before  a  long  time  Arkansas 
became  the  scene  of  active  military  operations.  In  1864, 
the  state  being  held  under  Federal  military  sway,  an 
amended  constitution  was  adopted ;  but  the  military  rule 
was  not  relaxed  until  1868,  when  a  new  constitution  was 
adopted,  and  Arkansas  was  re-admitted  to  congressional 
representation.  The  recent  great  extension  of  railroads  in 
Arkansas  has  been  followed  by  a  large  immigration,  and 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  great  natural  resources  of 
the  state  will  insure  a  full  measure  of  future  industrial 
prosperity. 

Population. — In  1810  this  region,  then  a  part  of  Louisiana, 
had  1062  inhabitants,  exclusive  of  Indians.  In  1820  the 
population  was  14,255;  in  1830,  30,388;  in  1840,  97,674 
[with  its  present  limits) ;  in  1850, 209,897 ;  in  1860, 435,460 ; 
in  1870,  484,471;  in  1880,  802,626;  in  1890,  1,128,179. 
Until  lately  its  principal  population  has  been  settled  near 
the  navigable  streams ;  but  the  railroads,  of  which  there 
were  2213  miles  in  1891,  have  opened  up  for  settlement  large 
areas  of  valuable  land.  In  1890  there  were  816,617  whites 
and  311,227  colored  people ;  and  there  was  a  very  considerable 
excess  in  the  number  of  males  as  compared  with  females. 

Arkansas,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkansas;  has 
an  area  of  about  1060  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  White  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Arkansas  River, 
which  is  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  is  intersected  by 
Metoe  Bayou.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Stuttgart  &  Arkansas 
River  Railroad,  which  terminates  at  De  Witt.  The  surface 
is  mostly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Nearly  one-third  of  this  county 
is  occupied  by  Grand  Prairie.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  ash,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  and  yellow  pine.  Capital,  De 
Witt.     Pop.  in  1880,  8038;  in  1890,  11,432. 

Arkansas  City,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Desha  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  junction 
of  two  railroads,  74  miles  S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.     It  has  2 


ARK 


525 


ARL 


ehurohes,  a  newspaper  office,  manufivotures  of  lumber,  and 
about  300  bouses. 

Arkansas  City,  a  poet-village  of  Cowley  oo.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads, 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Winfield.  It  has  9  churches,  4  banks, 
4  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  chairs,  <fcc. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1012;  in  1890,  8347. 

Arkansas  Post,  a  post-village  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Ar'kausaw%  a  post-village  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Waterville  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Darand.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber^  Ac. 

Ark'dale,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co,,  Wis.,  24  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Lisbon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Arkeeko,  or  Arkiko,  ar-kee'ko,  written  also  Argee- 
go,  a  seaport  of  Abyssinia,  on  a  bay  of  the  Red  Sea,  opposite 
he  island  of  Massowah.     Lat.  15°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  39°  25'  E. 

Ar'kell,  a  post- village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Guelph.     Pop.  100. 

Arkhangelsk.    See  Archangel  and  Archangelsk. 

Arkhouri,  a  village  of  Armenia.     See  Argooree. 

Ar^kinsk',  a  Cossack  settlement  in  Siberia,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Okhotsk,  on  the  Okhota. 

Arklow,  ark'lo,  a  maritime  town  and  parish  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Wioklow,  on  the  Avoca,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin. 
Pop.  5178. 

Ar'koe,  formerly  Bridgewater,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  between  St.  Joseph  and 
Maryville,  37  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  churches 
and  1  grist-mill. 

Arko'na,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
S.  of  Widder.  It  contains  a  foundry,  and  several  mills  and 
factories.     Pop.  500. 

Arkona,  or  Arcona,  aR-ko'ni,  a  promontory  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Riigen,  in  the  Baltic.  There  is 
^ere  a  fixed  light.     Lat.  54°  40'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  13°  26'  2"  E. 

Ark'port,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hor- 
nellsville  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Hornellsville.    It  has  a  church. 

Arkudi,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Archudi. 

Ark'ville,  or  Dean's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  8  houses  and  several 
mills.     The  station  is  called  Dean's  Corners. 

Arkwright,  ark'rlte,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.  It  contains  a  church  and  several  butter-  and 
cheese-factories.  Pop.  1151.  Arkwright  post-office  is  at  a 
hamlet  of  the  same  name  (formerly  called  Arkwright  Sum- 
mit), about  22  miles  N.  of  Jamestown. 

Arkwright,  a  village  of  Cranston  township,  Providence 
CO.,  and  Coventry  township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Paw- 
tuxet  River  and  the  Pawtazet  Valley  Railroad,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods.     Pop.  242. 

Arkwright,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  from  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 

Arlanc,  or  Arlant,  aR^loN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy- 
d6-D8me,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  4167. 

Ar'land,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Grand  River  Valley  division  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson. 

Arlanza,  aR-l&n'th&,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
rising  in  the  Sierra  de  Neila,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Ar- 
lanzon  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Arlanzon,  aR-I&n-thon',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, rises  in  the  Sierra  Pineda,  and,  flowing  S.W.,  falls 
Into  the  Pisuerga,  after  a  course  of  70  miles. 

Arlar'ka,  a  township  of  Macon  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  542. 

Arlay,  anMi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Jura, 
7  miles  N.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1477. 

Arlberg,  aRl'b5RG\  or  Adlersberg,  i'dl^rs-bSRG^ 
("  eagle's  mount"),  a  branch  of  the  Rhsetian  Alps,  in  the 
W.  of  the  Tyrol  and  the  Vorarlberg. 

Aries,  arlz  (Fr.  pron.  aRl ;  anc.  Ar'elas,  Arela'te,  or  Are- 
la' turn),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Bouohes-du-Rh6ne, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  where  it  subdivides  to  form 
its  delta,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Marseilles.  It  is  enclosed 
with  old  walls,  and  has  streets  tolerably  regular  and  spa- 
cious. Around  the  principal  square  is  a  series  of  public 
buildings,  viz.,  the  Hdtel  de  Ville,  containing  a  public  library, 
the  museum,  and  a  Gothic  monastery,  and  in  the  centre  is 
an  ancient  obelisk.  The  celebrated  statue  of  the  "  Venus 
of  Aries"  was  discovered  in  the  theatre.  The  other  build- 
ings of  note  are  a  cathedral  of  the  seventh  century  and  the 
church  of  Notre-Dame.  Among  its  Roman  antiquities  is 
an  an.phitheatre,  which  is  supposed  to  have  surpassed  that 


of  Nimes.  Aries  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  an  agricul- 
tural society,  a  college,  a  school  of  hydrography,  and  good 
transportation  facilities  by  rail  and  canal.     Pop.  30,000. 

Arlesheim,  aR'l^s-bime^  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 
about  5  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Basel.     Pop.  967. 

Arles-Ies-Bains.     See  Am^lie-les-Bains. 

Aries- sur- Tech,  anrsilRH&h',  a  town  of  France, 
Pyrenees-Orientales,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan,  has  an 
ancient  church,  chocolate- works,  Ac.     Pop.  2542. 

Ar'lington,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  49  milea 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Selma. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co..  Col.,  63  milea 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Sheridan  Lake.  A  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  100. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Albany.  About 
50U0  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  417. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  in  West- 
field  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 93  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  3  churches. 

Arlington,  formerly  Burlington  or  Beech  Grove, 
a  post- village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in  Posey  township,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  several 
general  stores,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  218. 

Arlington,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  77. 

Arlington,  a  post-town  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas^  19  miles 
by  rail  S?W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  745. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Carlisle  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by 
£.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  574. 

Arlington,  formerly  Hookstown,  a  post-village  of 
Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  the 
Mount  Hope  Retreat  for  the  Insane. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Arlington  township,  on  the  Middlesex  Central  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches,  a  savings-bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  pianos,  picture- 
frames,  saws,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  5629. 

Arlington,  a  township,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    P.  1549. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  66  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Gasconade  River  and  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Rolla,  and  126  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Arlington,  a  post-town  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  9 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fremont.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  in  1890,  412. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Montclair  A  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  8  miles  from  New 
York  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  hardware,  machinery,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Madison  township,  Han- 
cook  CO.,  0.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Findlay,  and  80  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  2  ohurohes.    Pop.  about  500. 

Arlington,  a  post-town  of  elilliam  co.,  Oregon,  54 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  The  Dalles.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  356. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  17 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brookings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  343. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  seminary,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  664. 

Arlington,  a  post- village  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  th« 
Batten  Kill  River  and  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church  and  several  facto- 
ries. The  township  has  4  churches.  Pop.  of  township, 
1636.  It  has  5  oircular-saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Alexandria  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Alexan- 
dria, and  3  miles  from  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  3  churches. 
Near  here  are  two  national  cemeteries,  containing  the 
graves  of  nearly  16,000  soldiers. 

Arlington,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  and 
a  station  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Madison  with  Por- 
tage, 17  miles  S.  of  Portage.  It  has  3  churches.  Arlington 
Post- Office  is  about  18  miles  N.  of  Madison.     Pop.  828. 


ARL 


526 


ARM 


Arliugtou  Heights  (formerly  Dunton),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Cook  CO.,  m.,  in  "Wheeling  township,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.     It 
has  3  hotels,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  flour- 
,  mill,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  1500. 

Arlington  Heights,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Arlington  township,  on  the  Middlesex  Central 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  situated  on  a 
hill  which  commands  a  fine  view.  It  has  a  church,  a  fine 
hotel  for  summer  boarders,  and  manufactures  of  fancy  wood- 
work, fur  goods,  and  wine-presses. 

Arlon,  aRn6N»',  or  Arel,  i^rel'  (anc.  Orolan'num),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  capital  of  Belgian  Luxembourg,  on  a  rail- 
way, 16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Luxemburg.  Pop.  6708.  It  has 
an  academy,  athenaeum,  foundries,  manufactures  of  wool, 
and  an  extensive  trade  in  grain. 

Arluuo,  aR-loo'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Gallarate.     Pop.  3014. 

Arma,  an'mi,  or  Santiago  de  Arma,  sin-te-i'go 
di  an'mi,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  ColomMa,  220 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Popayan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Cauca. 

Arma<;3.0y  aR-m8,-8owiJ»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  island 
of  Santa  Catharina.     Lat.  27°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  40'  W. 

Armada,  ar-ma'da,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Air  Line  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W. 
of  Port  Huron,  and  about  30  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Detroit. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  and  staves.     Pop.  700. 

Ar^madale',  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Toledo  <fc  Ohio  Central  Railroad. 

Ar^madale',  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Linlithgowshire, 
2  miles  W.  of  Linlithgow.     Pop.  2708. 

Armagh,  ar^mi',  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster.  Area, 
612  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881, 163,177;  in  1891, 143,056. 
Surface  mountainous  in  the  S.W.  Chief  rivers,  the  Callan, 
Blackwater,  Bann,  and  Newrywater.  It  returns  2  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Capital,  Armagh. 

Armagh  (Ard-magha,  "the  lofty  field"),  a  city  and 
borough  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  and  the 
seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  archbishops  (each  entitled 
"  Primate  of  all  Ireland"),  70  miles  N.  by  "W.  of  Dublin. 
It  is  connected  by  railway  with  Belfast,  is  well  built,  chiefly 
of  hard,  red  marble ;  the  streets  diverge  from  the  cathedral 
down  the  sides  of  a  hill,  and  are  clean,  lighted  with  gas, 
and  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  2  cathedrals,  a  num- 
ber of  churches  of  diff'erent  denominations,  a  county  court- 
house, prison,  county  infirmary,  lunatic  asylum,  bank,  a 
public  library  with  about  16,000  volumes,  and  an  observa- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1881,  10,070;  in  1891,  8303. 

Armagh,  ar'mah,  a  post- village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa., 

about  66  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  an 

iron-foundry.   It  is  3  miles  from  Nineveh  Station.   Pop.  177. 

Armagh,  a  township  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1873. 

It  contains  Milroy. 

Armagh,  or  Saint- Cajetan,  s3,iJ°'k8,^zh9h't6Na',  a 
post-village  in  Bellechasse  co.,  Quebec,  24  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
Valier.     It  has  a  large  lumber  trade.     Pop.  300. 

Armagnac,  aR^min^yik',  a  small  territory  of  France, 
in  the  old  province  of  Gascony,  now  in  the  departments  of 
Q«rs,  Haute8-Pyr6n6es,  and  Tarn-et-Garonne. 

Arman^on,  aR^m5No^s6N»',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  C8te  d'Or,  and  falls  into  the  Yonne  5  miles  above  Joigny. 
Armand,  aR^m5No',  or  Saint-Honor§,  siNt^o^no^Ri', 
a  post-village  in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  26  miles  from 
RiviSre  du  Loup  en  bcM.  Pop.  100. 
Armar,  a  town  of  India.  See  Urmur. 
Armenia,  ar-mee'ne-a  {Turk.  Erminee'yeh  ;  Russ.  Ar- 
tnenya;  the  Minni  of  the  Scriptures),  a  country  of  West- 
ern Asia,  not  now  politically  existing,  but  of  great  historical 
interest.  It  varied  in  extent  at  different  epochs,  but  it  may 
be  regarded  as  lying  between  lat.  36°  60'  and  41°  40'  N., 
and  Ion.  36°  20'  and  48°  40'  E.  It  was  known  as  Armenia 
Major  and  Armenia  Minor,  or  the  Greater  and  the  Less 
Armenia.  Armenia  Major,  commencing  at  Someisat,  stretches 
along  the  Euphrates,  which  bounds  it  on  the  W.,  till  near 
Erzengan,  a  few  miles  to  the  S.  of  which  it  leaves  the  river 
and  keeps  the  direction  of  Trebizond  as  far  as  the  mountains 
S.  of  Goomish-Khaneh.  It  proceeds  N.E.  along  this  range, 
then  skirts  the  N.  extremity  of  the  district  of  Kars,  and, 
passing  onward  to  near  Tiflis,  runs  along  the  right  bank  of 
the  Koor,  whose  course  it  follows  to  the  Caspian,  which  now 
becomes  the  boundary  on  the  E.  Leaving  the  Caspian,  it 
turns  S.W.  in  the  direction  of  Tabreez,  and  passes  through 
the  districts  of  Van  and  Diarbekir,  on  the  frontiers  of  which 
it  again  meets  the  Euphrates  at  Someisat.  Armenia  Minor 
lies  along  the  range  of  the  Kof-Tagh,  which  runs  W.  almost 
parallel  to  the  Black  Sea,  and  forms  its  N.  boundary  as  far 


as  a  point  on  the  river  Halys,  or  Kizil-Irmak,  not  far  from 
the  Black  Sea.  Armenia  Minor  follows  the  course  of  this 
siver  for  about  180  miles,  and,  continuing  S.W.,  meeta  the 
Taurus,  which  becomes  its  boundary  almost  to  the  sea  near 
Aias,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Iskanderoon.  From 
this  point  it  sweeps  round  the  S.  side  of  the  districts  of 
Adana  and  Marash,  and  meets  the  Euphrates,  which  thus 
intersects  Armenia  almost  centrally,  and  forms  the  natural 
boundaries  between  the  two  divisions  now  described.  Ar- 
menia is  now  divided  between  Russia,  Persia,  and  Turkey. 

According  to  the  native  historians,  Aram,  the  seventh 
king  of  the  first  dynasty,  about  1800  b.c.  gave  a  settled 
character  to  the  kingdom.  The  Armenians  call  themselves 
Haiks  or  Haikans,  and  trace  their  origin  to  Haico,  a  con- 
temporary of  the  Assyrian  king  Belus.  Of  the  cities  of 
ancient  Armenia,  some  ruins  display  a  good  style  of  archi- 
tecture. The  chief  towns  are  Erivan,  Erzroom,  Nakhchivan, 
Van,  and  Akhalzikh.  Of  ancient  capitals,  the  most  impor- 
tant was  Artaxata.  The  greater  part  of  the  surface  consti- 
tutes an  elevated  table-land.  Mount  Ararat,  near  the  centre, 
rises  to  an  elevation  of  17,260  feet.  It  is  watered  by  the 
rivers  Koor,  Aras,  Choruk,  and  the  two  heads  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, and  contains  the  sources  of  the  Tigris,  and  the  three 
lakes  of  Van,  Ooroomeeyah,  and  Gookeka.  The  climate  in 
the  higher  regions  is  very  cold,  while  the  valleys  in  summer 
are  scorched  with  heat.  Soil  various ;  it  has  fertile  corn- 
lands  and  pastures,  and  its  valleys  produce  excellent  cotton, 
rice,  tobacco,  grapes,  and  other  fruits.  Copper-,  lead-,  alum-, 
and  some  silver-mines  are  wrought.  The  manufactures  are 
unimportant.  The  native  Armenians,  estimated  at  one- 
seventh  of  the  whole  population,  are  distinguished  for 
enterprise  in  commercial  and  banking  transactions.  They 
preserve  their  own  language,  which  is  regarded  as  Indo 
European  in  its  relationship.  The  Armenian  Christians 
mostly  belong  to  an  ecclesiastical  establishment  of  their 
own,  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  Greek  Church;  al- 
though many  have  adhered  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
ever  since  the  fifteenth  century,  but  these  retain  their  own 
rite. Adj.  and  inhab.  Armenian,  ar-mee'ne-an. 

Arme'nia,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.  *  Pop.  391. 

Armenia,  a  post-township  of  Juneau  oo..  Wis.,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Remington,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wis- 
consin River.     Pop.  236. 

Armenierstadt.    See  Szamos-Ujvar. 

Armeno,  aR-mi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  29  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Novara.     Pop.  1797. 

Arment,  ar'ment',  £r^ment',  or  Her^mont'  (anc. 
Hermon'this),  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  about 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Thebes. 

Armenti^res,  aR^m5N<»^te-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Nord,  on  the  Lys,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Calais  to  Paris,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lille.  Pop.  15,579,  em- 
ployed in  manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  lace,  thread,  leather, 
soap,  iron,  oil,  brick,  and  sail-cloth.  It  has  an  active  trade 
in  cotton  goods  and  agricultural  produce. 

Armento,  aR-m5n'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  27 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2960. 

Ar^mians'koi-Bazar,  or  Bazar  of  the  Arme- 
nians, a  large  village  in  the  S.  of  Russia,  government  of 
Taurida,  81  miles  S.E.  by  E.  of  Kherson. 

Ar'midale,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
313  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It  has  a  newspaper,  and  is  the  see 
of  a  Catholic  bishop. 

Armiesbnrg,  ar'miz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co., 
Ind.,  on  Big  Raccoon  Creek,  24  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute, 
and  li  miles  from  Montezuma  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Ar'mington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria,  and  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Pekin.     It  has  a  church. 

Armonisch,  ar-mo'nish,  or  Armenia,  ar^men'ish,  a 
village  of  Croatia  (Austria-Hungary),  in  the  Banato-Rou- 
manian  frontier  district.     Pop.  2002. 

Ar'monk,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Castle  township,  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Yorlr 
city.     It  has  2  churches. 

Armoree,  or  Armort,  ar-mo-ree',  a  town  of  India, 
district  of  Chanda,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  5672. 

Ar'mory  Village,  Mass.,  is  now  a  part  of  the  village 

of  MiLLBURT. 

Ar'mour,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington, 
It  has  2  churches. 

Armour,  a  post-town  of  Douglas  co.,  S.D.,  63  miles  by 
rail  N.W,  of  Yankton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and 
3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  482. 

Arm'strong,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  616  square  miles.     It  is  in- 


ARM 


527 


ARN 


tarsected  by  the  Alleghany  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Red  Bank  Creek  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Kiskiminetas 
River,  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Buffalo,  Cowanshannoc, 
Crooked,  and  Mahoning  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  chief  mineral  resources 
are  petroleum,  coal,  iron,  and  limestone.  The  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Alleghany  "Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Kit- 
tanning.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,382;  in  1880,  47,641,-  in  1890, 
46,747. 

Armstrong,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Alvin.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  about  200. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Evansville. 

Armstrong,  a  former  village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  River,  now  included  in  Kansas  City.  Here 
are  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad. 

Armstrong,  a  post-village  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Austin. 

Armstrong,  a  station  in  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis. 

Armstrong,  a  post-town  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  46  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Mexico.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmons  oc,  N.D.,  about 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
from  Lima.     It  has  a  store  and  a  grist-mill. 

Armstrong,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Armstrong,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1435. 
It  contains  Shelocta. 

Armstrong,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1424.     It  affords  beautiful  jet-black  marble. 

Armstrong,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.  See  Armstrong 
OoAL  Works. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  W^s., 
about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church. 

Armstrong  Coal  Works,  a  village  of  Westmoreland 
430.,  Pa.,  in  Sewickley  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  division 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Armstrong  Station, 
26  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  a  coal-mine,  in  which 
about  180  men  are  employed. 

Armstrong's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0., 
on  Captina  Creek  and  the  Bellaire  <t  Southwestern  Railroad, 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Armuchee,  ar-muk'e,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  oo.,  Ga., 
10  miles  N.  of  Rome. 

Armuijen,  a  town  of  Netherlands.    See  ARNEUtrrDEN. 

Armyros,  aR-mee'ros,  a  town  of  Northern  Greece,  in 
Thessaly,  3  miles  N.W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo. 

Armyros,  a  village  of  Albania,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Arta, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Arta. 

Am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mioh.,  in  Merritt  town- 
fihip,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Bay  City. 

Ar'na,  or  Ar'ni,  a  village  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  island  of  Andros.     Pop.  1000. 

Arna,  ar'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  at  the  W.  limit  of  the 
Libyan  desert,  on  the  Kookoo,  420  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Chad. 

Arnac'Pompadour,  aR^nlk'p6M^p&MooR',  a  village 
of  France,  in  CorrSze,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Brives.    Pop.  1400. 

Arnal'Ia,  or  Arnell',  an  island  of  India,  on  the  coast 
of  Concan,  35  miles  N.  of  Bombay.  It  is  divided  from  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  navigable  strait. 

Arnaoodlik,  Arnaootleek,  or  Amaoutlik.  See 
Albania. 

Arnara,  ar-ni'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome, 
6  miles  N,W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  2019. 

Arnau,  aR'nSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  and 
on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Gitachin.     Pop.  2258. 

Arnaudville,  ar^no'vll,  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Bayou  Teche,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mor- 
gan City.     It  has  a  church. 

Arnay-le-Duc,  aR^ni'l^h-diik,  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  C5te  d'Or,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  2567. 

Arnebnrg,  aR'n§h-b35RG^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2042. 

Ar'neckeviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex., 
about  5  miles  S.  of  Cuero.     It  has  a  church. 

Arnedo,  aR-n&'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Lpgroiio.  Pop.  3436.  It  has  a  considerable 
trade  in  fruit  and  wine. 


Arnee,  or  Arni,  ar'nee,  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency and  22  miles  N.W.  of  Madras. 

Arnee,  or  Arni,  a  town  of  British  India,  presideno/ 
and  74  miles  S.W.  of  Madras. 

Arnemuyden,  aR-n^h-moi'd^n,  almost  aR-n^h-ml'd^ii, 
or  Armuijen*  aR-moi'^n,  a  town*  of  the  Netherlands, 
island  of  Walcheren,  2  miles  from  Middelbnrg.    Pop.  1697. 

Ar'nettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,W.  Va., 
8  miles  from  Fairmont. 

Ar'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

-Ar'neytown,  a  village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton. 

Arn'heim,  a  post- village  of  Brown  oo.,  0.,  15  miles  N. 
of  Ripley,  and  about  44  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  117. 

Arn'hem,  written  also  Arnheim,  arn'hime,  a  forti- 
fied town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of  Gelderland,  on  the 
Rhine,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Amsterdam,  with  which,  and  with  Utrecht,  it  is  connected 
by  railway.  Pop.  50,194.  It  is  an  ancient  town,  is  well 
built,  surrounded  by  country  houses  and  gardens,  and  has 
a  governor's  palace,  3  Protestant  and  2  Catholic  churches,  4 
hospitals,  2  orphanages,  a  grammar-school,  learned  societies, 
courts  of  assize  and  commerce,  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  paper,  and  tobacco,  a  good  port  on  the  river,  and  an 
active  trade.  In  1586,  Sir  Philip  Sydney  died  at  Amhem, 
from  a  wound  received  in  the  battle  of  Zutphen.  In  1796 
the  town  was  taken  by  the  French,  who  were  driven  out  by 
the  Prussians  in  November,  1813. 

Arn'hem  Bay,  Australia,  is  a  deep  inlet  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Amhem's  Land,  near  lat.  12°  S.  and  Ion.  136°  E. 

Arnhem's  Land,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Australia:  the 
region  between  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  arid  Anson  Bay. 

Amis,  aR'nis,  an  island  and  fishing-village  of  Prussia, 
on  the  Sley,  2  miles  S.  of  Cappeln.     Pop.  1050. 

Ar'no  (anc.  Ar'nus),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  rises 
in  Monte  Falterona  (Apennines),  at  an  elevation  of  4430 
feet  above  the  sea,  25  miles  N.  of  Arezzo,  flows  at  first  S.E. 
and  then  N.W.,  almost  describing  a  circle,  until  it  receives 
the  Sieve,  10  miles  E.  of  Florence;  after  which  its  course  is 
W.  to  the  Mediterranean,  which  it  enters  by  an  artificial 
mouth,  7  miles  below  Pisa.  Distance  from  source  to  mouth, 
75  miles.  Chief  affluents,  the  Sieve,  Chiana,  Pesa,  Elsa,  and 
Era.  Its  valley  is  one  of  the  richest  and  most  beautiful 
tracts  in  Italy.  Florence,  Figline,  Empoli,  and  Pisa  are 
situated  on  or  near  the  banks  of  the  Amo,  which  is  navi- 
gable from  the  sea  to  Florence. 

Ar'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.,  about  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ava. 

Ar'nold,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  oo.  and  4 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Nottingham.     Pop.  4634. 

Ar'nold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milton  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Alpharetta. 

Arnold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  67  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Decatur,  and  29  miles  W.  of  Springfield. 

Arnold,  or  Ging's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Union  town- 
ship. Rush  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  from  Cambridge  to 
Columbus,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Rushville.     Post-office,  Gings. 

Arnold,  a  station  in  Clay  co..  Mo.,  on  a  railroad,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Arnold,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  about  36 
miles  W.  of  Broken  Bow,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Callaway. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  150. 

Ar'nold's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo..  Conn.,  on  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
about  4  miles  S.E.  of  Haddam. 

Ar'noldsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Grantsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Arnold's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  into  the  Ohio  2 
miles  below  Rising  Sun. 

Arnoldsdorf,  aR'nolts-doRf\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  S.E.  of  Neisse,  with  paper-mills.     Pop.  1417. 

Arnold's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  35. 

Arnold's  Park,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ar'noldton,  a  small  manufacturing  village  of  Esopoi 
township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondout  Creek. 

Arnon,  aR^n6N»',  a  river  of  France,  falls  into  the  Cher 
after  a  N.  course  of  84  miles. 

Ar'not,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bloss  town- 
ship, on  a  branch  of  the  Tioga  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Blossburg,  and  34  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  4 
ohurches  and  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber.  Here  art 
rich  mines  of  semi-bituminous  coal. 


ARN 


528 


ARR 


Am^pri'or,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Madawaska  River,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Ottawa, 
53  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  several  grist-, 
saw-,  and  woollen-mills,  a  printing-office,  a  branch  bank, 
and  has  a  large  lumber  trade.  There  are  marble-quarries 
and  iron-mines  in  th%  vicinity.     Pop.  (1891)  3341. 

Arnsberg,  aRns'biRO,  or  Arensberg,  ft'r§ns-bfiRG\  a 
city  of  Prussia,  at  one  time  capital  of  Westphalia,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  spur  of  a  hill  half  encircled  by  the  Ruhr,  on  a 
railway,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Miinster.  It  is  divided  into  the 
old  and  new  town,  and  has  several  churches,  a  normal  and 
an  agricultural  school,  and  a  gymnasium.  In  the  Middle 
Ages,  Arnsberg  was  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the  Vehmio 
court.     Pop.  6123. 

Arns'berg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
30  miles  from  Marquand.     It  has  a  church. 

Amsdorf,  aRns'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  cir- 
cle of  Hirschberg,  with  a  castle  and  paper-mills.   Pop.  1512. 

Arnsdorf  is  the  name  of  35  small  villages  in  Germany 
and  Austria. 

Arnstadt,  aRn'stitt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarz- 
burg-Sondershausen,  on  the  Gera,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles 
S.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  9243,  with  manufactures  of  iron,  paper, 
hardware,  <fec.   It  has  a  castle  of  the  Prince  of  Schwarzburg. 

ArnsteiU)  aKn'stine,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Werrn, 
11  miles  N.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1597. 

Arnswalde^  aRns'^&I-d^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  the  Stettin  &  Posen  Railway,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Stargard,  manufactures  hats,  cloth,  and  spirits.   Pop.  6521. 

Arnus,  the  Latin  for  the  river  Arno. 

Aro«  &'ro,  or  Ano,  &'no,  a  large  town  of  West  Africa, 
equidistant  from  the  river  Niger  on  the  W.,  the  Old  Calabar 
on  the  E.,  and  the  Bight  of  Biafra  on  the  S. 

Aroa^  &-ro'&,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Aroa,  30  miles 
from  the  Gulf  of  Triste,  and  70  miles  by  rail  from  Tac&cas 
(or  Tuc&cas),  has  copper-mines.  The  Aroa  River  rises  in 
the  sierra,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  town,  and,  after  a 
course  of  80  miles,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Triste. 

ArobOy  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Arebo. 

Aroche^  i-ro'ch4  (anc.  Arac'ci  Ve'tus),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  44  miles  N.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  3123. 

Arok-SzallaS)  &'rok^8&r&sh', .a  village  of  Hungary, 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pesth,  and  an  entrepQt  for  the  trade  be- 
tween that  city  and  Upper  Hungary.     Pop.  9625. 

Arolsen,  i'rol-s^n,  a  town  of  West  Germany,  capital  of 
Waldeck,  on  the  Aar,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop. 
2460.     It  has  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth  and  of  leather. 

Aroma,  ar-o'ma,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co.,  111.,  in 
Aroma  township,  and  on  the  Kankakee  River,  about  60 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1100. 

Aroma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Aroma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Lyon's  Creek,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Junction  City.  It 
has  a  church. 

Aromatum  Promontorium.  See  Cape  GvARDAFm. 

Aron,  i^r6N»',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Nidvre, 
joins  the  Loire  near  Decize.     Length,  25  miles. 

Aron,  s  village  of  France,  3  miles  E.  of  Mayenne,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Mayenne.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1652. 

Arona,  i-ro'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lago  Maggiore. 
Pop.  3153.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  high  school,  several 
churches,  a  port  and  a  dockyard  on  the  lake,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Milan  by  railway.  On  a  hill  in  its  vicinity  is 
a  colossal  statue  of  St.  Charles  Borromeo. 

Arona,  i-ro'ni,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Teneriffe,  Ca- 
naries, situated  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Escalona. 

Aroo,  Arroo,  or  Arra  (ar^roo')  Islands,  a  group  N. 
of  Australia,  lying  between  lat.  5°  20'  and  6°  55'  S.  and 
Ion.  134°  10'  and  134°  45'  E.,  80  mUes  S.W.  of  Papua,  the 
largest  being  80  miles  long  and  45  miles  broad.  They  are 
separated  by  narrow  straits.  To  the  E.  of  the  group  is  an 
extensive  coral  reef,  where  pearls  and  trepang  abound.  The 
inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  the  Malay  and  Polynesian 
negro  races,  and  some  have  adopted  Christianity.  The 
products  comprise  pearl,  mother-of-pearl,  tortoise-shell,  birds 
of  paradise,  and  trepang,  which  are  exchanged  for  calicoes, 
iron,  hardware,  arms,  and  gunpowder.  Dobbo,  a  town  on 
the  island  of  Wamma,  inhabited  by  some  Dutch  and  Chinese 
merchants,  ia  the  greatest  mart  in  the  N.  of  Australasia. 
Pop.  of  the  group  estimated  at  60,000. 

Arooan,  a  town  of  Sahara.     See  Arawan. 

Arooat,  Aronat,  Aruat.    See  Laobotjat. 

Arookatee,  a  city  of  India.    See  Aroot. 

Aroondoo,  or  Aroundon,  i^roon^doo',  a  village  of 
West  Africa,  on  the  Senegal. 


Aroos'took,  a  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Piscataquis  co., 
runs  northeastward  through  Aroostook  co.,  and  enters  tha 
St.  John  River  in  New  Brunswick.     Length,  140  miles. 

Aroostook,  a  large  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Maine,  borders  on  Canada.  It  is  intersected  by  the  river 
St.  John,  which  forms  part  of  its  N.  boundary.  It  is  also 
drained  by  the  Aroostook  and  several  lesser  rivers.  The 
surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  dense 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  Area,  6700 
square  miles.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  The  sum- 
mers are  warm,  but  the  winters  are  long  and  cold.  The 
staple  products  are  oats,  hay,  butter,  potatoes,  and  lumber. 
Capital,  Houlton.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,609 ;  in  1880,  41,700 ; 
in  1890,  49,589. 

Aroostook,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Aroostook  River,  near  its  confluence  with  the 
St.  John,  66  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  400. 

Arosis,  ancient  name  of  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Tab. 

Arouan,  a  town  of  Sahara.    See  Arawan. 

Arouat,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Lagbouat. 

Arouca,  4-roo'ki,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro, 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  2500. 

Aroundon,  a  village  of  Africa.    See  Aroondoo. 

Arpa-Chai,  or  Arpatchai,  ar^p4-chr,  a  river  of  Ar- 
menia, joins  the  Aras  about  50  miles  N.  of  Mount  Ararat. 
Length,  80  miles. 

Arpaia,  aR-pi'4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bene- 
vento,  2i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arienzo,  supposed  to  occupy  the 
site  of  the  Roman  Caudium. 

Arpsyon,  aR^p4^zh6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Seine-et-Oise,  15  miles  by  railS.S.E.  of  Versailles.  P.  2790. 

Arpfyon,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Cantal,  2 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  894. 

Arpino,  aR-pee'no  (anc.  Arpi'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  6  miles  S.W.  from  Sora.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, several  churches  and  convents,  and  manufactories  of 
cloths  and  woollen  stufis,  also  tanneries,  and  in  the  environs 
is  an  extensive  paper-mill.  Arpino  was  founded  by  the 
Volsci,  and  erect&d  into  a  municipal  town  by  the  Romans, 
who  wrested  it  from  the  Samnites.  It  is  celebrated  as  the 
birthplace  of  Marius  and  Cicero.  The  surrounding  scenery 
is  singularly  beautiful.     Pop.  11,522. 

Arqna,  aR-kw4',  or  Arquato,  aR-kw4'to  (anc.  Ar- 
qua'tum),  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a  railway,  12^  miles  S.W. 
of  Padua,  among  the  Euganean  hills.  Petrarch  died  at 
this  place,  July  19,  1374.     Pop.  1131. 

Arqu^,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rovigo. 
Pop.  2870,  engaged  in  silk-culture. 

Arqua,  aR'kw4,  a  decayed  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Zacatecas.  It  was  well  built,  and  formerly  contained  nu- 
merous squares  and  churches.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Arqnata,  aR-kw4't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Tronto,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ascoli.     Pop.  4181. 

Arqnata,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Alessandria,  on  the  Scrivia, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Novi.     Pop.  2751. 

Arquato,  a  town  of  Italy,  near  Padua.     See  Arqua. 

Arquennes,  aR^kinn',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2225. 

Arques,  ank,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Seine- In- 
f6rieure,  is  navigable  from  Arques  to  the  English  Channel. 

Arques,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  Arques,  3  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  Dieppe, 
with  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  an  important  stronghold  in 
the  Middle  Ages.  In  1589,  Henry  IV.  here  conquered  the 
Leaguers  under  the  Duke  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  968. 

Arques,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de- 
Calais,  2  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Omer.     Pop.  3762. 

Arquian,  aR^kee^ftN°',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nievre,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Amand.     Pop.  1770. 

Arracan,  a  province  and  river  of  India.     See  Aracan. 

Arragon,  an  ancient  kingdom  of  Spain.    See  Aragon. 

Ar'rah,  a  town  of  British  India,  Bengal,  district  of  Sha- 
habad,  on  a  railway,  36  miles  W.  of  Patna.     Pop.  39,386. 

Arraial  de  Cocftes,  aR-Ri-41'  d4  ko-k4'dNs,  a  mining 
village  of  Brazil,  in  the  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  about  lat. 
20°  S.,  Ion.  44°  W.  The  houses  are  neat,  and  surrounded 
by  gardens  filled  with  orange-  and  cofi'ee-trees,  bananas, 
<&c.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  neighboring 
gold-mines. 

Arraial  de  Concei^fto,  aR-Ri-4r  d4  kon-s4-s6wN"', 
or  Concepcion,  k5n-s5p-se-6n',  a  small  village  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Goyaz,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Natividade. 

Arraial  de  Congonhas-de-Sabara,  aR-Ri-41'  d4 
kon-g6n'y4s-d4-s4-b4-r4',  a  mining  village  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Minas-Geraes,  about  lat.  19°  50'  S.,  Ion.  21°  W. 
Pop.  about  2000. 


ARR 


529 


ART 


ArraiolloS)  a  town  of  Portugal.  See  Arratollos. 
Arran,  ir'ran,  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland, 
Firth  of  Clyde,  co.  of  Bute.  Area,  185  square  miles.  It  is 
20  miles  in  length,  and  about  10  miles  in  breadth.  Its  ap- 
pearance is  very  remarkable,  the  N.  part  being  crowned 
with  lofty  granitic  mountains,  connected  by  sharp  ridges, 
and  intersected  by  deep  ravines.  The  highest  summit, 
Goatfell,  is  2865  feet  high.     Pop.  5234. 

Ar'ran-Fow'dy,  a  mountain  of  North  Wales,  oo.  of 
Merioneth,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bala,  2955  feet  in  height. 

Arran  Isles,  or  South  Islands  of  Arran,  a 
barony  in  Ireland,  oo.  of  Galway,  consisting  of  a  group  of 
small  islands.  Lat.  of  light  on  Inishmore,  the  largest  and 
most  northerly,  53°  7'  38"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  42'  22"  W.  Pop.  3333. 
The  North  Islands  op  Arran  comprise  the  group  called 
the  Rosses,  oflF  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal. 

Ar'ras  (Fr.  pron.  aR^Riss' ;  anc.  Nemetacum  and  Nemeto- 
cenna),  a  fortified  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Pas-de-Calais,  and  formerly  capital  of  Artois,  on  the 
Scarpe,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Amiens,  and 
100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris.  Lat  50°  17'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  46' 
50"  E.  It  was  strongly  fortified  by  Vauban.  It  stands 
partly  on  a  declivity  and  partly  on  a  flat,  and  consists  of 
the  city,  the  high  town,  and  the  low  town.  Arras  is  well 
built,  and  has  the  appearance  of  a  Flemish  city.  The  chief 
edifices  are  a  citadel,  a  cathedral,  town  hall,  theatre,  arsenal, 
barracks,  a  curious  belfry,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  court 
of  assize  and  of  a  bishop,  has  a  college,  several  professional 
schools,  seminary,  schools  of  design  and  of  belles-lettres,  an 
institution  for  deaf-mutes,  a  botanic  garden,  museums,  and 
a  public  library  of  40,000  volumes.  The  chief  manufactures 
are  cotton  thread,  calico,  hosiery,  lace,  woollens,  beet  sugar, 
earthenware,  soap,  ke.  It  has  an  extensive  trade.  Pop. 
in  1891,  25,701. 

Arrayas,  aR-Ri'8,s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Qoyaz, 
120  miles  S.E.  of  Natividade.     Pop.  about  300. 

Arrayollos,  aR-Ri-ol'loce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
nf  Alemtejo,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evora.     Pop.  2090. 

Arreau,  aR^Ro',  an  ancient  town  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
I'yr6n6es,  15  miles  S.E.  of  BagnSres-de-Bigorre.   Pop.  1343. 

Arrecife<    See  Recife;  also  Arecife. 

Arrecifes,  aR-Ri-see'ffis,  a  town  of  the  Argentine'  Re- 
public, province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  navigable  Rio 
de  Arrecifes,  and  on  a  railway,  136  miles  W.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  4250. 

Ar^redou'da,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on 
a  railway,  104  miles  S.S.W.  of  Femandina,  and  54  miles 
N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ar'renigS  a  mountain  of  Wales,  co.  of  Merioneth,  5i 
miles  W.  of  Bala,  2809  feet  in  elevation. 

Arresee,  aR'R^h-s^^  a  lake  of  Denmark,  Seeland.  Lat. 
56°  67'  N.  It  was  formerly  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat,  commu- 
nicating with  Roeskilde-Fiord  by  a  small  canal. 

Arreskov  See,  aR'R^s-kov  si,  a  lake  of  Denmark,  in 
the  island  of  Funen ;  the  largest  in  the  island. 

Arretinni)  the  ancient  name  of  Arezzo. 

Arriaca,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Guadalajara. 

Arriate,  aR-Re-&'t&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Malaga,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ronda.     Pop.  2964. 

Arrifana,  aR-Re-f^'n&,  a  fort,  bay,  and  island  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Portugal,  province  of  Algarve,  the  first  in  lat. 
37°  16'  N.,  Ion.  8°  52'  W. 

Arrifana  de  Sonsa,  Portugal.    See  Penafiel. 

Ar'ring ton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  HI.    Pop.  1640. 

Arrington,  a  post-oflSce  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn. 

Arrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Lynchburg. 

Arroas  (ar-ro'&s)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
in  the  Straits  of  Malacca,  about  36  miles  from  Sumatra. 

Arrde,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Aerob. 

Arroe,  ar-ro'  (or  Harnish,  har'nish^),  Islands,  a 
cluster  of  islands  in  the  Red  Sea,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Mocha.  The  S.W.  end  of  the  largest,  called  Great  Arroe,  or 
Harnish  Island,  is  in  lat.  13°  39'  N.,  Ion.  42°  39'  E. 

Arroeskiobing.    See  AeroeskiSbing. 

Arronches,  aR-Ron'shfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo, on  the  Caya,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elvas.     Pop.  1700. 

Arrondissement,  aR^R6NMees8^m5M*',  an  administra- 
tive division  of  France  and  Algeria,  larger  than  the  canton, 
but  smaller  than  the  department,  and  governed  either  by 
the  departmental  prefect  or  by  a  sub-prefect.  It  has  also 
a  council,  with  one  member  from  each  of  the  cantons,  and 
hygienic  and  other  boards. 

Arrone,  aR-Ro'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  8  miles 
S.  of  Temi.     Pop.  1650. 

Arroniz,  aR-Ro-neeth',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.    740. 


Arronx,  aR^ROo',  a  river  of  France,  depiirtmenta  of  C6ta 
d'Or  and  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  joins  the  Loire.     Length,  65  miles. 

Ar'row,  a  river  of  Wales  and  England,  joins  the  Lugg 
near  Leominster.     Length,  30  miles. 

Arrow,  a  stream  of  England,  rising  in  the  Lickey  Hills, 
CO.  of  Worcester,  joins  the  Alne  at  Alcester. 

Arrow,  a  lake  and  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Sligo.  The 
lake  is  studded  with  islands,  and  highly  picturesque.  The 
river  flows  from  its  N.  extremity,  and,  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  20  miles,  enters  Ardnaglass  Bay. 

Ar'row  Lake,  in  British  Columbia,  Canada,  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  Columbia  River,  about  95  miles  long  from  N. 
to  S.  It  has  the  Selkirk  Mountains  on  the  E.  and  the  Gold 
Range  on  the  W.,  is  crossed  by  the  61st  degree  of  N.  lat., 
and  is  often  regarded  as  forming  two  lakes, — Upper  and 
Lower  Arrow  Lake. 

Arrow  Lake,  on  or  near  the  boundary  of  Lake  co., 
Minn.,  and  of  Canada.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  the  Ar- 
row River  into  Lake  Superior. 

Arrow  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  in  Ar- 
row Rock  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  18  miles  above 
Boonville,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3174. 

Arrowsic,  &r-rfiw'sik,  a  post-of5ce  of  Sagadahoc  co.. 
Me.,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bath.  It  is  in  Arrowsic  township, 
which  is  a  small  island  at  the  mouth  of  Kennebec  River. 
It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  252. 

Ar'rowsmith,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grain  elevator,  a  newspaper 
ofiBce,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  927. 

Ar'rowsmith,  a  mountain  of  Tasmania.  Lat.  42°  7' 
S.;  Ion.  146°  3'  E.     It  is  4075  feet  in  elevation, 

Arrowsmith,  a  river  of  Western  Australia,  rises  in 
Herschell  range,  and  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  29°  30'  S. 

Ar^ro'yo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Clarion 
River,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  a  chnrcdi,  and 
manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  The  river  here  winds  be- 
tween rugged  pine-covered  hills. 

Arroyo  del  Puerco,  aR-Ro'yo  dSl  pwfia'ko,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  10  miles  W.  of  Caceres.    Pop.  5727. 

Arroyo  Grande,  ar-ro'yo  grin'de,  a  post-town  of  San 
Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  San  Luis 
Obispo.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  ofBce.  Near 
here  are  coal-mines  and  warm  sulphur  springs.     Pop.  500. 

Arroyo  Hon'do,  a  post-village  of  Taos  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Taos.     Pop.  200. 

Arroyo  Molinos  de  Montanches,  aR-Ro'yo  mo- 
lee'noce  di  mon-tin'chSs,  or  Arroyo  del  Molino,  aR- 
Ro'yo  dfil  mo-lee'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  27 
ipiles  S.S.E.  of  Caceres.  Here  the  French  were  surprised 
and  defeated  by  Lord  Hill,  October  28,  1811.     Pop.  1782. 

Arrn  Islands,  Australasia.    See  Aroo. 

Arrnl,  Aral,  or  Aral,  4'riil,  a  river  of  India,  flows  out 
of  the  Indus,  on  the  W.  side,  about  lat.  27°  40'  N.,  25  miles 
below  Sukkur.  It  is  called  the  Western  Narra  until  it  reaches 
Lake  Munchar  (or  Manchar),  100  miles  below  its  origin ; 
but  in  its  lower  course  it  is  called  Arrul.  It  rejoins  the  Indus 
in  lat.  26°  24'  N.,  Ion.  67°  66'  E.  It  is  much  preferred  for 
navigation  during  the  rainy  season  to  the  Indus  proper,  since 
its  current  is  moderate,  while  that  of  the  Indus  is  swift. 

Arsacides  Islands.    See  Solomon  Islands. 

Arsago,  aR-si'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Milan,  with  ruins  of  a  very  ancient  temple.     Pop.  1038. 

Arsamas,  or  Arzamas,  aR-z&-m&s',  a  town  in  Rus- 
sia, government  and  65  miles  S.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.  Lat 
56°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  20'  E.     Pop.  10,517. 

Arsenaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Arzew. 

Ars-en-R^,  aRz^6N<»^ri',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Charente-Inf^rieure,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  R6, 
17  miles  W.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  3170. 

Arsie,  an-se-i',  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Belluno, 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Fonzaso.    Pop.  6702. 

Arsiero,  aR-se-i'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.  of 
Schio.     Pop.  3369. 

Arsinoe,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Medinet-el-Fatoom. 

Arsissa, ancient  name  of  a  lakeof  Asia.  See  Lake  Van. 

Arsoli,  aR'so-lee,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Tivoli.     Pop.  1830. 

Ars-sur-Moselle,  aR^silR'mo'zell',  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Lorraine,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Metz.  It  hai 
extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  6330. 

Arsunda,  aR-soon'd4,  a  village  of  Sweden,  on  a  beau 
tiful  lake,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Gefle.     Pop.  1918. 

Art,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ind. 

Art,  aRt,  a  French  island  of  the  Belep  group,  Pacifio 
Ocean,  about  35  miles  from  New  Caledonia. 


ART 


530 


ARV 


Art,  or  Arth,  ant,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sohwytz,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Zugersee, 
and  near  the  foot  of  Mount  Eighi.     Pop.  2446. 

Arta,  ER'ti  fane.  Arac'thus),  a  river  of  Europe,  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Turkey  and  Greece,  rises  in  Mount 
Mezzovo,  and  flows  to  the  GfVilf  of  Aita.    Length,  60  miles. 

Arta,  aH'ta,  Nar'da,  or  Zar'ta  (anc.  Amhra'da),  a 
town  of  Greece,  42  miles  S.  of  Tanina,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Arta,  7  miles  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  estimated  at  from 
6000  to  9000,  mostly  Greeks.  It  ha*  a  large  ca.thedral,  a 
ruined  convent  of  the  ninth  century,  a  citadel,  with  manu- 
factories of  cottons,  woollens,  &o.    See  Gulf  of  Arta. 

Ar'ta,  a  town  of  Majorca,  near  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
island,  on  a  range  of  hills  which  extend  E.  to  Cape  Pera. 
Pop.  4535.  Chief  industry,  manufactures  of  coarse  linen, 
dyeing,  and  fishing.     Commerce  in  fruit. 

Arta,  aB'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Udine,  21 
miles  N.  of  Udine.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2318. 

Artace,  the  ancient  name  of  Artakee. 

Artajona,  aR-ti-no'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  18  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2100. 

Artakee,  or  Artaki,  an^ti-kee'  (anc.  Ar'tace),  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  peninsula  of  Cyzicus 
(Sea  of  Marmora),  70  miles  S.W.  of  Constantinople.  P.  4000. 

Artana,  aB-ti'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  Valencia,  11  miles 
B.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.    Pop.  2611. 

Artas,  aR^tiss',  or  ArUoss',  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
valley  of  Palestine,  near  Bethlehem.  It  is  supposed  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  gardens  of  Solomon.  The  name  is 
not  improbably  a  corruption  of  the  Latin  hortus,  a  "  garden." 

Artaxata,  ar-tax-3,'t8.,  a  former  capital  of  Armenia, 
now  a  mass  of  ruins,  on  the  Aras,  68  miles  S.S.E.  of  Erivaa. 

Artegna,  aR-tain'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Udine,  3  miles  S.  of  Gemona.     Pop.  3030. 

Arteijo,  aR-ti'e-Ho,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  with 
mineral  springs,  on  the  Bolano,  at  its  mouth,  near  Corunna. 

Artemesia,  Ontario,  Canada.    See  Flesherton. 

Artemita,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Van. 

Artemouth,  a  river  of  Madagascar.    See  Dartmouth. 

Artenara,  aR-ti-ni'rS,,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island  Gran  Canaria.     Pop.  1075. 

Artenay,  ant'ni',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Loiret,  on  a  railway,  13  miles  N.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1016. 

Artern,  aR't^rn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  govern- 
ment of  Merseburg,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halle.     Pop.  3883. 

Artesia,  ar-tee'zh§-a,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Georgia  Pacific,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Arte'sian,  a  post-village  of  Sanborn  oc,  S.D.,  41  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  266. 

Artn,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Art. 

Arthabas'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
685  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grank  Trunk  Rail- 
way, and  drained  by  the  Nicolet  River  and  its  branches. 
Chief  town,  St.  Christophe  d'Arthabaska.     Pop.  17,611. 

Arthabas'ka  Station,  or  Yicto'riaville,  a  post- 
village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  at  its  junction  with  the  Three  Rivers  Branch,  108 
miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  several  mills,  and  has  a 
large  lumber  trade.     Pop.  400.     See  East  Arthabaska. 

Arthabaskaville,  Quebec.  See  Saint-Christophe 
d'Arthabaska. 

Arthez,  aR^ti',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Pyrgnges,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orthez.     Pop.  1476. 

Arthez  d'Asson,  aR^ti' das^s6N<»',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Basses-Pyr6n6es.     Pop.  1427. 

Arthpn,  aR^tds"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire-Infgrieure,  8  miles  E.  of  Pomic.     Pop.  2300. 

Ar'thur,  a  post-village  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  9  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Areola.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper 
oflice.     Pop.  250. 

Arthur,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles  E.  of 
Princeton.    It  has  a  church.    Coal  is  found  here.    Pop.  250. 

Arthur,  a  post-village  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  50  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Onawa.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Arthur,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  72  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Toronto.  It  is  in  a  fine  agricultural  dis- 
trict, and  has  saw-,  grist-,  flax-,  and  planing-mills,  woollen-, 
shingle-,  and  potash-factories,  a  tannery,  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper.    Pop.  900. 

Ar'thur,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat. 
41°  10'  S.,  Ion.  144°  40'  E.     Length,  60  miles. 

Arthur,  Great  and  Little.    See  Scillt  Islands. 

Ar'thur  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Mulgrave  Archi- 
pelago. 


Arthur's,  a  station  in  Lexington  oo.,  S.C,  on  th* 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Columbia, 

Ar'thnrsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
La  Grange  township,  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Ar'thur's  Seat,  a  famous  hill  in  Scotland,  immedi- 
ately S.E.  of  Edinburgh,  822  feet  above  the  sea. 

Ar'thur's  Seat,  a  hill  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia, 
between  Port  Phillip  and  the  ocean.     Height,  1031  feet. 

Ar'thur's  Stone,  a  cromlech  on  the  top  of  Cefn  Bryn, 
a  hill  of  Wales,  Glamorganshire,  9  miles  W.  of  Swansea.  It 
consists  of  a  block  of  millstone,  14  feet  in  length,  and  7  feet 
2  inches  in  thickness,  resting  on  8  supporters. 

Ar'thurstown,  a  hamlet  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on 
Waterford  harbor,  7  miles  from  Waterford. 

Artichoke  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Artlenburg,  aRt'l^n-bSSRO^  a  town  of  Hanover  (Prus- 
sia), on  the  Elbe,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Liineburg.     Pop.  887. 

Artois,  aRHwi',  an  old  province  of  France,  which,  with 
part  of  Picardy,  forms  the  present  department  of  Pas-d" 
Calais.   Arras  was  its  capital. 

Artoss,  a  valley  of  Palestine.     See  Artas. 

Artveen,  or  Artvin,  aRt-veen',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Choruk  River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  34  miles 
S.E.  of  Batoom,  and  60  miles  W.  of  Ardahan.  Estimated 
pop.  5500.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  but  has  some  good 
stone  residences,  and  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Chief  ex- 
ports, butter,  wax,  honey,  olives,  and  oil. 

Aruat,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Laghouat. 

Aruba,  &-roo'b&,  or  Oru'ba,  an  island,  one  of  the  DutcD 
Antilles,  near  the  coast  of  Venezuela.  Lat.  (of  Fort  Zout- 
man)  12°  28'  30"  N.;  Ion.  70°  11'  W.     Pop.  5670. 

Arucas,  i-roo'k&s,  a  town  on  the  W.  snore  of  Gomera, 
one  of  the  Canaries,  having  a  church,  chapel,  school,  and 
spacious  public  granary.     Pop.  1233. 

Arucati,  a  town  of  India.    See  Arcot. 

Arudy,  i^rii^ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^n^es, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1944. 

Arul,  a  river  of  India.    See  Arrul. 

Arum,  or  Aarum,  &'riim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Friesland,  6  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Harlingen.     Pop.  1168. 

Ar'un,  a  river  of  England,  Sussex,  enters  the  English 
Channel  at  Little  Hampton.     Length,  40  miles. 

Arundel,  (Lr'un-d^l,  a  borough  of  Sussex,  England,  on 
the  Arun,  and  on  a  railway,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  London. 
Its  castle  is  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.     Pop.  2956. 

Arupinm,  name  of  an  ancient  town.    See  Auersbero. 

Arva,  aR'v4,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  falls  into  the 
Ebro  near  Tauste. 

Arra,  4R'v6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  N.E.  of  Alfi6-Eubin, 
on  the  Arva.     Pop.  400. 

Arva,  the  northernmost  county  of  Himgary.  Area,  802 
square  miles.    Capital,  Als6-Kubin.     Pop.  82,364. 

Arra,  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Hungary,  flows  through 
the  district  of  Arva  into  the  Waag. 

Arva,  or  St.  John's,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Thames  River,  6  miles  N.  of  London.  It 
contains  a  woollen-factory  and  several  mills.     Pop.  200. 

Arva'da,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Denver.  It 
has  a  church. 

Arve,  aRv  (It.  Arvo,  aR'vo),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  Col  de  Balme,  and  joins  the  Rhone  below  the  Lake  of 
Geneva.     Length,  46  miles. 

Arvee,  Arwee,  or  Arvi,  ar'^ee,  a  town  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  capital  of  a  sub-district  of  the  same  name,  in 
Nagpoor,  is  about  50  toiles  W.  by  S.  of  Nagpoor,  and  has  a 
large  cotton-market.     Pop.  8266. 

Arverni,  the  ancient  name  of  Auvergne. 

Arvert,  aRVaiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cha- 
rente-Inf^rieure,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Rochefort,     Pop.  2405. 

Arveyres,  aRVaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on 
the  Dordogne,  3  miles  S.  of  Liboume.     Pop.  1485. 

Arveyron,  aRS'i^rdH»',  a  streamlet  in  France,  Savoy, 
an  aflluent  of  the  Arve. 

Arvika,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Oscarstad. 

Arvillard,  aRVee^yaR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  3 
miles  S.  of  La  Rochette.     Pop.  1250. 

Arvo,  the  Italian  name  of  the  river  Arve. 

Ar'von,  a  township  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.  It  contains 
the  post-village  of  Skanee. 

Arvon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arvon  township,  Baraga  oo., 
Mich.,  on  Huron  Bay  (of  Lake  Superior),  12  or  14  miles 
N.E.  of  L'Anse.     It  has  quarries  of  slate. 

Arvonia,  ar-vo'ne-a,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Arvonia  township,  4  miles  from  the  Atchison,  To- 


ARV 


531 


ASC 


peka  &,  Santa  F6  Railroad.  It  has  a  ohuroh.  Arvonia 
Station  is  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Topeka.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  of  township,  (1890)  770. 

Arvoredo  (aR-vo-r&'do)  Island,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Brazil.     Lat.  27°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  22'  W. 

Arvvee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Arvee. 

Arxata,  the  ancient  name  of  Nakhchitan. 

Arys,  i'ris,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on  the  Lake  of  Arys, 
55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1229. 

Arzamas,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Arsamas. 

Arzana,  aRd-zS,'n&,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
v.  of  CagUari.     Pop.  1665. 

Arzano,  aRd-z4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of 
Naples.  It  has  some  beautiful  villas.  Flax  and  hemp  are 
much  cultivated  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  5466. 

Arzaw,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Arzew. 

Arzberg,  aRts'b^RG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
oonia,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wunsiedel.     Pop.  2108. 

Arzen,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Erzroom. 

Arzew,  ar^ze-yoo',  or  Arzeo,  ar-zi'o,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Arzaw  (Fr.  Arzeu,  aR^zuh' ;  anc.  Araena'ria),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Algeria,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oran,  on  the 
Mediterranean.  It  is  a  military  station,  and  is  connected 
by  railway  with  the  interior.     Pop.  2187. 

Arzianorum  Oppidum,  an  ancient  town.  SeeERZEN. 

Arzi^nano,  aRd-zeen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
W.  of  Vicenza.  Pop.  8130,  who  manufacture  woollen  cloths, 
leather,  and  silk  twist.     Near  it  are  coal-mines. 

Arzilla,  aR-zil'l&  or  aR-zee'l&,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  on  the  Atlantic,  23  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Cape  Spartel.     Pop.  600. 

Arzo,  aRd'zo,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  14 
miles  S.  of  Lugano,  with  quarries  of  marble.     Pop.  697. 

Arzobispo  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Bonin  Islands. 

Arzroom,  a  city  of  Turkey.    See  Erzroom. 

A'sa,  or  Five  Lakes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co., 
Mich.,  in  Mayfield  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Detroit  <fc 
Bay  City  Railroad,  at  Five  Lakes  Station,  10  miles  from 
Lapeer.  It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  shingles. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Asab,  a  bay  of  Abyssinia.    See  Assab  Bay. 

Asahan,  or  Assahan,  is-s3,-h&n',  a  town  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Sumatra,  capital  of  a  district,  and  on  a  navigable 
river  of  the  same  name,  20  miles  from  the  Straits  of  Malacca. 

Asal,  a  lake  of  A£rica.     See  Assal. 

Asam,  a  province  of  India.    See  Assam. 

Asama-Yama,  i-si'mi-yi'mi,  or  Asama-no- 
Dake,  i-si'mi-no-dik',  a  lofty  and  very  active  volcano  in 
Japan,  in  the  island  of  Hondo. 

Asangaro,  is-in-gi'ro,  a  town  of  Peru,  N.  of  Lake 
Titicaca,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  from 
its  embouchure  in  the  lake.  Lat.  15°  30'  S.  j  Ion.  71°  30'  W. 
Pop.  2000. 

Asaiya,  a  village  of  Servia,  near  Semendria.  Pop.  3140. 

Asaro,  i-si'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  Catania,  on  a  rail- 
way, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Castro-Giovanni.     Pop.  3270. 

Asarys,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Hesarab. 

Asbach,  is'biK^  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  15  miles 
N.  of  Neuwied.   Pop.  335. 

Asben,  is^ben',  a  considerable  kingdom  of  Africa,  in  the 
Sahara,  about  lat.  20°  N.,  Ion.  7°  E.  It  is  also  called  Air. 
Capital,  Agadez.  Asben  is  also  the  name  of  a  town  or  cara- 
van-station in  the  kingdom. 

Asberg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Asperg. 

Asbury,  az'bSr-rf,  a  post-oflSce  of  Troup  oo.,  Ga.,  64 
miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Asbury,  the  station-name  of  Repaupo,  N.J. 

Asbury,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  near  the  New 
Jersey  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E,  of  Easton,  Pa.,  and  62 
miles  from  New  York  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
miUs,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.    See  South  Asbury. 

Asbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Freeville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Asbury,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Ashborough. 

Asbury,  a  post-office  of  Knox  oo.,  Tenn.,  6  miles  from 
Enuxville. 

Asbury,  a  post-village  of  Greenbrier  oo.,  W.  Va.,  9  miles 
from  Alderson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Asbury  Grove,  a  station  in  Hamilton  township,  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad  1  mile  long 
extending  to  Wenham  on  the  Eastern  Railroad.  Here  a 
great  annual  camp-meeting  is  held. 

Asbury  Park,  a  post-borough  and  noted  summer  resort 
of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
New  York  &  Long  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Long 


Branch,  36  mWes  from  New  York,  and  about  80  miles  by 
rail  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  adjacent  to  Ocean  Grove, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  Wesley  Lake.  It  contains 
8  churches,  3  banks,  a  ladies'  school,  a  graded  school,  and 
several  newspaper  offices,  both  daily  (in  the  summer)  and 
weekly.     Resident  population  about  5000. 

Ascalon,  as'ka-lon,  Asculan,&s^koo-l&n',  or  Asca- 
laan,  &s^k&-l&n'  (anc.  Aehkelon),  a  ruined  seaport  of  Syria, 
40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jerusalem,  and  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Gaza.  Lat.  31°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  31'  E.  Ascalon  was  a  city 
of  the  Philistines,  but  afterwards  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Jews,  and  of  various  other  nations  in  succession.  A  little 
to  the  N.  is  a  small  modem  village,  named  Scalo'na. 

Ascanius  Lacus,  Asia  Minor.    See  Lake  of  Isneek. 

Ascawau'a  Lake,  a  lake  in  Putnam  Valley  township, 
Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  long  and  1  mile  broad. 

Ascea,  &-shdr'S,,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  the  sea,  and  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Vallo  della  Lucania.     Pop.  2170. 

Ascension,  as-sSn'shun,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic,  be- 
longing to  Great  Britain,  760  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Helena.  It 
is  8  miles  long.  Lat.  7°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  14°  25'  W.  Pop.  about 
400.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin ;  one  peak  is  2870  feet  high. 
It  WHS  discovered  on  Ascension  Day,  1501. 

Ascension,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  324  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Amite. 
The  surface  is  an  alluvial  plain,  which  is  lower  than  the 
banks  of  the  river,  and  is  subject  to  inundation.  Sugar- 
cane and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil. 
Its  S.W.  boundary  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific  K;iil- 
road,  which  follows  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  River  iis 
far  N.  as  Port  Allen,  in  West  Baton  Rouge  parish,  opposite 
Baton  Rouge.  Capital,  Donaldson ville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,577;  in  1880,  16,895;  in  1890,  19,545. 

Ascension  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Yucatan,  N.  of 
Espiritu  Santo  Bay. 

Asch,  4sh,  the  westernmost  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Eger.  Pop.  9405.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cotton  hosiery,  woollen  fabrics,  and  wire. 

Aschach,  ish'&K,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
•Danube,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1460. 

Aschafas,  islands  in  the  Red  Sea.     See  Ashapas. 

Aschaffeuburg,  ash-af'fen-burg  (Ger.  pron.  i-shif- 
fgn-booRQ^),  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Lower  Franconia,  on  the 
Maine,  23  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  1.3,630. 
It  has  a  royal  residence,  collections  of  art,  a  library,  a 
Gothic  church,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  soap, 
woollens,  straw  goods,  paper,  and  tobacco. 

Asche,  or  Assche,  is'K§h  (Fr.  pron.  Ish),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Brussels. 
It  has  breweries,  distilleries,  tanneries,  and  soap-works, 
and  a  trade  i*  linen,  grain,  and  hops.     Pop.  6095. 

Aschendorf,  ish'§n-doRr,  a  village  of  Hanover,  Prus- 
sia, 26  miles  N.  of  Meppen,  near  the  Ems.     Pop.  1752. 

Aschersleben,  ish^§rs-li'b§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  33 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Eine,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Wipper.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  poor- 
house,  and  a  foundling  hospital.  The  chief  articles  pro- 
duced are  frieze,  flannel,  stockings,  leather,  earthenware, 
brandy,  beer,  and  vinegar.     Pop.  (1890)  22,865. 

Asciano,  &-sh&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Sienna,  in  the  Val  d'Ombrone.     Pop.  2100. 

Ascoli,  is'ko-Ie  (anc.  Aa'culum  Pice'num),  an  ancient 
episcopal  city  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  on  the  Tronto,  53 
miles  S.  of  Ancona,  and  16  miles  W.  of  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
17,344.  It  is  well  built,  handsome,  and  has  old  walls  and 
a  citadel.  Chief  edifices,  a  cathedral  and  numerous  other 
churches;  a  palaxzo,  containing  a  museum,  library,  and 
theatre ;  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  governor's  residence. 

Ascoli  di  Satriano,  &s'ko-le  dee  s&-tro-&'no  (anc. 
A»'cuhim),  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Foggia. 
Pop.  6275.     It  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  and  diocesan  school. 

Ascoli-Piceno,  is'ko-le  pee-ohi'no,  a  province  of 
Italy,  in  the  Marches.  Area,  809  square  miles.  It  pro- 
duces wine,  silk,  lignite,  iron,  and  alabaster.  Capital, 
Ascoli.     Pop.  203,004. 

Ascona,  &s-ko'n&,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Ticino,  on  Lago  Maggiore,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Locarno,  has 
a  priests'  seminary,  dynamite-works,  Ac.     Pop.  1021. 

Ascope,  &s-ko'p&,  or  Ascopea,  &s-ko-p&'&,  a  town  of 
Peru,  province  ©f  Trujillo,  40  miles  N.  of  Trujillo. 

As'cot  Heath,  England,  oo.  of  Berks,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Windsor.     It  is  known  for  its  races. 

Ascq,  4sk,  a  village  of  France,  department  «f  Nord,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Lannoy.     Pop.  2186. 

Asculan,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  AscALnii. 

Asculum,  an  ancient  name  of  Ascoli  di  Sa'siavv 


ASC 


532 


ASH 


Ascnlnm  Picenum^  an  ancient  name  of  Ascoli. 

Ascut'ney  Mountain,  Vermont,  is  an  isolated  peak  in 
Windsor  co.,  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Connecticut  River.  Its 
altitude  is  3320  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  formed  of  granite 
and  beautiful  syenite.     It  commands  an  extensive  prospect. 

Ascut'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  about  6  miles  below  Windsor,  in 
Weathersfield  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Asdood,  Asdoud,  or  Asdad,  isMood'  (anc.  Ash'dod 
and  Azo'tus),  a  small  village  of  Palestine,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 21  miles  S.  of  Jaffa.  It  was  anciently  one  of  the  five 
principal  cities  of  the  Philistines. 

Aseer,  or  Asir,  i^secE',  an  independent  state  and  tribe 
of  Arabia,  occupying  the  high  land  on  the  confines  of  El 
Hejaz,  Yemen,  and  Nedjed.  It  appears  to  be  of  recent  origin. 
The  limits  of  Aseer  do  not  admit  of  being  precisely  defined: 
It  is  situated  in  the  interior  of  the  country,  near  the  18th 
parallel  of  N.  lat.,  and  comprises  several  fertile  valleys,  the 
chain  of  which  may  extend  80  miles  in  length.  They  have 
probably  an  elevation  of  from  3000  to  4000  feet,  while  the 
rocky  crests  around  them  may  rise  from  1000  to  1500  feet 
higher.  In  the  lower  valleys  the  date-palm  grows ;  cotton 
is  also  cultivated.  Higher  up,  the  date-groves  are  inter- 
spersed with  almonds,  figs,  apricots,  peaches,  and  vines; 
and  the  sides  of  the  hilk,  where  they  offer  any  soil,  are 
clothed  with  juniper.  The  people  are  bigoted  followers  of 
Abd-el-Wahab,  by  whom,  it  is  said,  they  were  first  con- 
verted to  Mohammedanism.     Principal  town,  Kolakh. 

Aseerghur,  4^seer-gur',  or  Hasser,  his's^r,  a  town 
and  fort  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  district  of 
Candeish,  12  miles  N.  of  Boorhanpoor.     Pop.  2731. 

Asek,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ask.  ' 

Asele,  4-s&'l&,  a  parish  and  village  of  Asele  Lappmark, 
in  Northern  Sweden,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Umeft,  on  the 
Angermann  River. 

Asfi,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Saffee. 

Ash,  a  village  of  England,  in  Surrey,  on  branches  of 
the  Southeastern  &  Southwestern  Railways,  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Famham,  and  near  Aldershot.     Pop.  1626. 

Ash,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  1746.  It 
contains  Athlone.  * 

Ashafas,  or  Aschafas,  &sh-&'fis,  a  group  of  small 
islands  in  the  Red  Sea.     Lat.  about  16°  N. 

Ashangee,  or  Achanghi,  &sh-&n'ghee\  a  lake  of 
Abyssinia,  in  Tigr6.  Greatest  length,  about  25  miles  ,- 
breadth,  about  14  miles. 

Ashantee,  Achanti,  &sh^9,n'tee,  As^sanHee%  or 
Siauti,  se'anHee',  an  extensive  and  powerful  kingdom  of 
Western  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  Upper  Guinea,  extend- 
ing from  lat.  6°  0'  to  9°  30'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  0°  55'  E.  to 
4°  7'  W. ;  bounded  N.  by  the  Kong  Mountains,  S.  by  the 
British  Gold  Coast  possessions,  W.  by  the  Assinie  River, 
and  E.  by  the  Volta  River.  It  is  thus  about  310  miles 
from  E.  to  W.,  and  nearly  the  same  from  N.  to  S.,  occupy- 
ing 74,500  square  miles.  It  is  well  watered,  the  country 
being  intersected  by  several  considerable  streams  besides 
those  named.  The  country  is  in  general  mountainous, 
though  it  has  no  great  elevations.  It  is  covered  with 
dense  forests,  which  are  wholly  impenetrable,  excepting 
by  paths  which  have  been  opened  in  various  places  with 
great  labor.  Ashantee  abounds  in  gold :  the  richest  mines 
are  in  Gaman,  where  the  precious  metal  is  found  in  large 
pieces,  some  of  about  4  pounds'  weight,  called  rook-gold. 
The  ore  is  of  a  deep  color,  and  is  dug  out  of  pits  from  6 
to  9  feet  in  depth.  The  Ashantees,  formerly  represented 
as  warlike  and  ferocious,  with  a  love  for  shedding  human 
blood  and  much  given  to  human  sacrifices,  are  now  stated 
by  the  best  authorities  to  be  of  a  peaceful  disposition. 
Thev  excel  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  cloths  and  in 
the  brilliancy  of  their  dyes.  They  also  make  good  earthen- 
ware, leather,  and  iron,  making  sword-blades  of  superior 
workmanship.  But  it  is  in  the  fabrication  of  articles  in 
gold  that  they  display  the  greatest  skill.  The  chief  article 
of  export  is  gold,  with  ivory  and  some  dye-woods.  Their 
principal  imports  are  muskets,  gunpowder,  liquors,  tobacco, 
iron,  tin,  copper,  and  lead.  Their  currency  is  gold  in  dust 
and  lumps,  and  the  cowrie-shell.  The  government  of  Ashan- 
tee is  a  despotism,  alleged  to  be  controlled  by  an  aristocracy 
consisting  of  four  persons,  and  an  assembly  of  caboceers  or 
captains.  The  capital  is  Coomassie.  Population  estimated 
at  4,500,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ash^an'tke. 

Ashapoo,  South  Carolina.     See  Ashepoo. 

Ashawa,  ash'gi-wa,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Polk  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Des  Moines.     It  is  near  the  Des  Moines  River. 

Ash'away,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Hopkinton  township,  near  the  Charles  or  Pawcatuck  River, 


4i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Westerly,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington, 
Conn.  It  has  a  church,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a 
graded  school,  2  or  3  woollen-mills,  and  »  manufactory  of 
cordage  and  twine.     Pop.  512. 

Ash'borough,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Brazil,  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  mill,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  137. 

Ashborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
N.C.,  is  25  miles  direct,  or  44  miles  S.  by  rail,  from  Greens- 
boro'. It  has  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  5  churches,  2  seminaries, 
machine-  and  agricultural- works,  &o.     Pop.  1200. 

Ashbourne,  or  Ashbnrn,  ash'bQm,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, on  a  railway,  co.  and  12i  miles  N.W.  of  Derby.  Pop. 
2083.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a  large  church 
built  in  1240,  a  grammar-school,  and  some  manufactures. 

Ash'bourne,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
on  the  New  York  division  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  9  miles 
by  rail  from  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Ash'burn,  a  post-town  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  85  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  naval  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Ashburn,  a  post-ofSce  and  station  of  Pike  co.,  Mo., 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  by  rail  below  Hanni- 
bal, on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  A  Northwestern  Railroad. 

Ash'burn,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  from  Whitby.     Pop.  150. 

Ash'burnham,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Ashburnham  township,  on  the  Ashburnham  Railroad,  55 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  This  railroad  connects  it  with  the 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  is  3  miles  long.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  the  Cushing 
Academy,  and  a  large  chair-factory.  The  township  has  2 
cotton-mills,  and  contains  villages  named  North  Ashburn- 
ham and  Ashburnham  Depot.     Total  pop.  (1890)  2074. 

Ash'burnham,  a  market-town  in  Peterborough  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Otonabee,  opposite  Peterborough. 

Ash'burnham  Depot  (de'po),  a  post-village  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  in  Ashburnham  townsnip,  on  the  Vermont 
&  Massachusetts  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cheshire 
Railroad  and  of  the  Ashburnham  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Fitchburg.  It  has  6  chair-factories.  This  place  is  also 
called  South  Ashburnham. 

Ash'burton,  a  parliamentary  borough,  market-town, 
and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  a  railway,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  2335.  It  has.  woollen-millB,  a  ven- 
erable church,  a  grammar-school,  and  numerous  charities. 

Ash'by,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  pails,  and  tubs.     Pop.  962. 

Ashby,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Railway,  51  miles  N.W.  of 
Sauk  Centre.     Pop.  200. 

Ashby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  28  miles 
from  Farmville.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Ashby-de-Ia-Zouch,  ash'be-d£l-a-zooch',  a  town 
and  parish  of  England,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Leicester.  Pop.  7302.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  in  which 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  was  once  confined ;  an  ancient  church, 
a  grammar-school,  a  theatre,  salt-water  baths,  resorted  to 
by  visitors,  manufactures  of  hosiery,  hats,  and  bricks,  and 
iron-smelting-works. 

Ash'by '8,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  White 
Water  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Harrison,  Ohio. 

Ash'bysburg,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Ash'by's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ind.,  at  or  near  Ashby's  Station  on  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Crawfordsville. 
It  is  in  Clark  township.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Ash  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Ash'com,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Mt.  Dallas  to  Bedford,  6  miles  E.  of  Bedford. 

Ash  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Lu  Verne. 

Ash'croft,  a  post-town  of  Pitkin  co.,  Col.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Aspen. 

Ashdalag,  &sh-dd,-l&g',  written  also  Achdalagh,  a 
large  and  beautiful  village  in  Russian  Armenia,  about  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Erivan,  high  up  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Ala- 
ghez  Mountains.     It  is  inhabited  exclusively  by  Christians. 

Ashdod,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Asdood. 

Ashe,  ash,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  New  River  and  its  North  Fork.  A  range 
called  Stone  Mountains  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  ')y  mountains 


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and  valleys  and. is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Agricul- 
ture is  the  principal  industrial  pursuit,  and  the  soil  produces 
grass,  Indian  corn,  &c.  Capital,  Jefferson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9673;  in  1880,  14,437;  in  18»0,  15,628, 

A-She-Hoh,  AJeho,  4^zh§h'ho',  or  Alcnnku,  &1- 
ehoo-koo',  a  city  of  Manchooria,  province  of  Kirin,  30  miles 
S.  of  the  river  Soongaree.  It  has  a  large  trade.  Lat.  45° 
80'  N.     Pop.  30,000. 

Ash^epoo',  or  Ash^apoo',  a  small  river  of  Colleton 
00.,  S.C,  which  flows  into  the  sea  through  an  estuary  called 
Coosaw  River. 

Ashepoo,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Ashepoo  River,  and  on  the  Savannah  <k  Charleston 
Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Ash'ersville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clay  co.,  Ind. 

Ash'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Asherville  township,  on  Solomon  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Beloit.     Pop.  of  the  township,  308. 

Asherville,  a  post-village  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
from  Poplin  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

AshCTille,  a  village  of  Alabama.     See  Ashville. 

Asheville,  or  Ashville,  ash'vll,  a  flourishing  city 
and  railroad  -centre,  capital  of  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C.,  near 
French  Broad  River,  and  among  the  mountains  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  about  210  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  16 
churches,  4  banks,  a  female  college,  a  boys'  high  school, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  shoes,  ice,  tobacco,  flour,  Ac. 
Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2016;  in  1890,  10,235. 

Ashewa,  a  hamlet  of  Iowa.    See  Ashawa. 

Ash'field,  or  Ashfield.  Plain,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  fire-insurance 
company,  a  fine  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  wooden-ware.     Pop.  of  Ashfield  township,  1190. 

Ash  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharp  co..  Ark.,  about  33 
miles  N.  of  Batesville.     Near  it  are  several  churches. 

Ash'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  12^  miles 
S.W.  of  Canterbury,  and  53  miles  by  rail  from  London.  Pop. 
8458.  The  principal  street,  nearly  half  a  mile  in  length,  is 
paved  and  lighted.  The  church,  once  collegiate,  is  large, 
and  has  some  superb  monuments. 

Ashford,  a  ohapelry  of  England,  oo.  of  Derby,  on  the 
Wey,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Bakewell.     Pop.  713. 

Ash'ford,  a  post-village  and  toiraship  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches  and 
the  Ashford  Academy.  General  Nathaniel  Lyon  was  bom 
here.     Pop.  1241, 

Ashford,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ashford  township,  about  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo,  and 
9  miles  N.  of  Ellicottville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1891. 

Ashford,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lao  oo..  Wis.,  in 
Ashford  township,  about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Fond  du 
Lac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2006. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Iroquois  oo.,  HI.,  about 
38  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Danville.  Pop.  1146.  It  contains  a 
village  named  Glenwood  or  Pitohin. 

Ash  Grove,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo..  111.     Pop.  1499. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-ofiSce  and  station  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lafayette. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marion 
township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Green  co..  Mo.,  on  Sao 
River,  18  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  lime  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1350. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo..  Neb. 

Ash  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles 
from  Cambridge. 

Ash  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  Cairo  Branch, 
9  miles  E.  of  Poplar  Bluff  Junction.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  Ash  Hill  township,  491. 

Ash'ippun,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  oo..  Wis.,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Rook 
River.  It  contains  a  small  village  named  Alderley.  The 
soil  is  fertile.     Pop.  1442. 

Ashkelon,  the  ancient  name  of  Ascalon. 

Ash'knm,  a  post- village  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  in  Ashkum 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division), 
73  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  churches,  3  grain  elevators,  a  steam  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  banking  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1315. 

Ash'land,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  437  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  the 


Black  Fork  and  Lake  Fork  of  the  Mohican  or  Walhonding 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  in  the  southern  part  and  undu- 
lating in  the  other  parts  of  the  county.  Among  the  forest 
trees  the  hickory,  oak,  ash,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cheese, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital,  Ashland,  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,933 ;  in  1880,  23,883  ;  in  1890,  22,223. 

Ashland,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
dering on  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  by  the  Namakagon, 
the  White  River,  and  the  head-streams  of  the  Chippewa. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Among  the  indigenous  trees  of  this  county  is  the 
sugar-maple.  Lumber  is  one  of  its  principal  productions, 
and  iron  ore  is  abundant.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wiscon- 
sin Central  Railroad,  which  unites  with  several  other  lines 
that  traverse  its  northern  borders.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop. 
in  1870,  221;  in  1880,  1559;  in  1890,  20,063. 

Ashland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Talladega.  It  is  situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  county.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Newcastle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Wilmington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Wilmington.  Here  are  large  flouring-mills  and  several 
other  business  concerns. 

Ashland,  a  post- village  of  Cass  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Springfield  Branch 
of  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Springfield,  and  200  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  in  1890,  1045, 

Ashland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co,,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  So  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  E.S.E. 
of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church. 

Ashland,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  969. 

Ashland,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Kansas, 
167  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Wichita,  and  about  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks, 
graded  public  schools,  a  manufactory  of  concrete  plaster, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  459. 

Ashland,  a  thriving  city  and  railway  centre  of  Boyd 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Big  Sandy,  in  a  rich  mineral,  oil,  and  lumber  region, 
146  miles  by  rail  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  9  churches,  3 
banks,  a  collegiate  institute,  extensive  steel  and  iron  plants, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  glass,  bricks,  paint,  ice, 
shoes,  spokes  and  wheels,  &o.,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4195. 

Ashland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me.,  in  Ash. 
land  township,  on  the  Aroostook  River,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Houlton.  It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  445. 

Ashland,  a  post- village  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Gunpowder  River  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  1  church,  about  60  houses, 
and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Ashland,  a  station  in  Queen  Anne  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Centreville, 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass.,  in 
Ashland  township,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  20  miles  E,  of  Worcester, 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Ashland  has  3 
churches,  manufactures  of  boots,  carriages,  paper,  <fec.  Pop. 
of  township,  2211.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  tho  Hopkinton 
Railroad,  which  affords  connection  with  Ptovidonoe. 

Ashland,  a  post-township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mioh.,  ia 
drained  by  the  Muskegon  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake  Shore  Railroad.  Ashland 
Post-Office  is  at  Grant  Station,  and  Ashland  Station,  on  that 
road  (with  Lake  Post-Office),  is  8  miles  S.  of  Newaygo 
Grain  and  lumber  are  exported.     Pop.  923, 

Ashland,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  635. 

Ashland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co..  Miss.,  is 
15  miles  E.  of  Michigan  City,  a  station  on  the  Mississippi 
Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  newspaper  and  2  churches. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co,,  Mo.,  in  Cedar 
township,  about  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jefferson  C'ty,  It  has 
a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Ashland,  a  post-town  of  Saunders  oo..  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Platte  River,  and  on 
the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  24  miles  N.B. 
of  Lincoln,  and  31  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has 
5  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  machine-shop,  is  an  im- 
portant shipping-point,  and  has  valuable  stone-quarries. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  653. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  oo,,  N.H.,  in  Ash- 


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land  township,  on  the  Femigewasset  Riyer,  and  on  the 
Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  manila  paper,  leather-board,  and  woollen  goods.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Squam  Lake.  Pop. 
ef  the  township  in  1880,  960 ;  in  1890,  1193. 

Ashland,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden 
&  Atlantic  Railroad,  10  miles  S.£.  of  Philadelphia. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ash- 
land township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  is  near 
the  Catskill  Mountains.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  cigar- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  938. 

Ashland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  on 
the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  Railroad,  50  miles 
"W.S.W.  of  Akron,  and  196  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  ofSces,  9  churches, 
a  college,  and  manufactures  of  spring-bed  bottoms,  clover- 
hullers,  patent  medicines,  cigars,  agricultural  implements, 
flour,  carriages,  paper  boxes,  staves,  pumps,  lumber,  jute, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  3004  ;  in  1890,  3666. 

Ashland,  a  city  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  289  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  is  an  excellent  fruit-growing  region, 
and  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  flour-  and  woollen-mills,  excel- 
lent graded  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1734. 

Ashland,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  from 
Gallitzin  Station.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Ashland,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  758. 

Ashland,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  &  Sbamokin  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Pottsville,  119  miles  N.W. 
of  Philadelphia,  and  21  miles  W.  of  Tamaqua.  Its  pros- 
perity is  derived  from  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  Therp 
are  in  the  vicinity  8  collieries,  some  of  which  are  very  ex- 
tensive. It  contains  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  4  large 
school-houses,  a  large  public  hall,  3  foundries,  3  machine- 
shops,  and  a  manufactory  of  railroad- cars.  One  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  a  planing- 
mill,  a  distillery,  a  soap-factory,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1880,  6052 ;  in  1890,  7346. 

Ashland,  a  village  in  Soituate  township,  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  4  miles  from  Hope  Station,  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  118. 

Ashland,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Buffalo 
River,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Richmond.  It  contains  the  Randolph  Macon 
College,  5  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  491. 

Ashland,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Superior,  at  the  junction  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad  with  several  other  lines,  351  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  12  churches,  4  banks,  4  newspaper  offices, 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  9956. 

Ashland  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cheatham  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  court-house  and  2  churches. 

Ash'ley,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
dering on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  927  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Saline  and  Ouachita  Rivers,  and 
intersected  by  Bartholomew  Bayou  (navigable  by  steam- 
boats). The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  A  large  proportion  of  the  county  is  wood- 
land. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Hamburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  8042 ;  in  1880, 
10,156;  in  1890,  13,295. 

Ashley,  a  poSt-village  of  Washington  co..  111.,  14  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Centralia,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Du  Quoin.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  fruit- evaporators.     Pop.  in  1890,  1035. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Owosso.  It  has  a  charoh  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  500. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  from 
Bowling  Green,  and  about  75  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  seminary,  4  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  368. 

Ashley,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mcintosh  co.,  N.D., 
about  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bismarck.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  100. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
34  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  24  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Gallon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  628. 

Ashley,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  the  Wyo- 
ming Valley,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  (Lehigh 
A  Susquehanna  division),  at  the  junction  of  the  Nanticoke 


Railroad,  3  miles  from  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  graded  schoot, 
a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and  some  workshops  of  the  rail- 
road company.  Here  are  rich  mines  of  coal.  Ashley  is  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  scenery.  Engines  and  coal-cars  art 
manufactured  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2799  ;  in  1890,  3192. 

Ashley,  a  river  of  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Colleton  co., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  Charleston  Harbor  at  the 
city  of  Charleston.  This  city  is  on  a  point  of  land  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Ashley  and  Cooper  Rivers. 

Ashley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Uinta  co.,  Utah,  about 
130  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Ashley  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Sheffield  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2 
carriage-shops,  Ac. 

Ashley's  Fork,  a  tributary  of  Green  River,  Utah, 
enters  the  river  on  the  left,  about  25  miles  in  a  direct  line 
above  Du  Chesne  River.  • 

Ashley  Phos'phate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co., 
S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 

Ash'leyville,  a  hamlet  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in  West 
Springfield  township,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  li  miles  N.W.  of  Chicopee. 

Ash'mont,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Boston,  Mass., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  6  miles  from  its 
terminus  in  Boston. 

Ash'more,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co,.  III.,  in  Ashmoro 
township,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37 
miles  W.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Charleston.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  brick,  tile,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Asnmnnein,  a  village  of  Egypj.    See  Oshmoonetn. 

Ash^petuck',  a  small  stream  of  Fairfield  co.,  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Connecticut,  flows  into  Saugatuck  River. 

Ash  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  about  25 
miles  E.  of  Marysville. 

Ash  Port,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Memphis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  "otton-gin. 

Ash  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Ash  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Richland  Centre. 

Ashrnff,  ish'riir,  Ashraf,  ish'riP,  or  Ushrnff,  Qsh'- 
riir,  a  decayed  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Mazanderan,  50 
miles  W.  of  Astrabad.  It  contains  about  500  houses,  thinly 
scattered  through  an  extensive  jungle.  Lat.  36°  41'  46" 
N. ;  Ion.  53°  33'  53"  E. 

Ashtabu'la,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Ohio, 
borders  on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  700  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  is  intersected  by 
Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Ashtabula  and  Con- 
neaut  Rivers  and  Pymatuning  and  Rock  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversifled  by  several  low  "  lake 
ridges"  and  terraces.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  white 
oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of 
the  county.  The  soil  contains  much  clay,  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  oats,  butter,  cheese,  wool,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  shale  underlies 
the  greater  part  of  the  soil.  Among  its  minerals  is  Berea 
grit,  a  sandstone  good  for  grindstones  and  for  buildings. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  A  Pitts- 
burg Railroad.  Capital,  Jefi"erson.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,517; 
in  1S80,  37,139;  in  1890,  43,655. 

Ashtabula,  a  small  river  of  Ohio,  runs  northwestward 
through  Ashtabula  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Harbor,  3 
miles  N.  of  the  village  of  Ashtabula.  At  its  mouth  is  a 
light-house. 

Ashtabula,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Valley  City. 

Ashtabula,  a  city  and  important  railroad  centre  of 
Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  3  miles 
from  Lake  Erie,  54  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  60 
miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  2  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  6  newspaper  offices,  14  churches,  and  a  high  school ; 
also  a  rolling-mill,  tool-works,  rubber-works,  hide-  and 
leather-works,  a  machine-shop,  2  shaft-factories,  and  2 
manufactories  of  sash,  blinds,  and  doors.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4445 ;  in  1890,  8338. 

Ashtaroth,  ash'ta-roth,  an  ancient  city  of  Syria,  named 
in  Scripture  as  the  capital  of  "  Og,  king  of  Bashan,"  iden- 
tified with  the  Tel  el  Ashtereh,  pashalic  of  Damascus,  in 
the  Hauran,  about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Damascus. 

Ash'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Ashton,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  in  Ashton  town- 


ASH 


535 


ASI 


Bhip,  84  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Dixon. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  4  grain  eleva- 
tors, a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  stone-quarries.  Pop.  in 
1890,  680. 

Ashton,  a  post-town  of  Osceola  oo.,  Iowa,  66  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  manu- 
factures of  dairy  products,  boots  and  shoes,  &c.,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

AshtOD)  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  76  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  a 
saw-mill,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  120. 

Ashtoii)  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles  by 
rail  W.N.  W.  of  Alexandria.   It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Ashtoii)  a  post-village  of  Sherman  co.,  Neb.,  137  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  from  Lincoln.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  200. 

AshtoO)  a  village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
Coal  &  Navigation  Company's  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Mauch  Chunk.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Ashton,  a  post- village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton- 
mill.     Pop.  759. 

Ashton,  a  post-town  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.,  32  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  600. 

Ashton,  a  hamlet  of  San  Augustine  co.,  Tex.,  about  140 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Houston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Ashton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Madison. 

Ashton,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Jock,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  5  stores, 
2  hotels,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  250. 

Ashton-in-Mack'erfield,  or  Ashton-le-Wil- 
lowS)  a  village  of  Lancashire,  England,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Newton.     It  has  coal-mines  and  cotton-works.     Pop.  7465. 

Ashton-nnder-Iiyney  a  parliamentary  borough, 
manufacturing  town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, on  the  Tame,  6i  miles  by  railway  E.N.B.  of  Manches- 
ter. The  town  is  mostly  ill  built,  but  it  has  a  large  church 
of  the  time  of  Henry  V.,  a  good  market-house,  extensive 
public  baths,  workhouse,  hospital,  3  banks,  a  savings-bank, 
various  schools  and  charities,  assembly-rooms,  a  theatre,  and 
mechanics'  institute,  with  a  large  Independent  chapel,  and 
places  of  worship  for  Methodists,  Baptists,  Unitarians,  Cath- 
olics, Moravians,  and  Jews.  It  is  well  situated  for  manu- 
facturing industry,  coal  being  plentiful,  and  canals  from 
Manchester,  Huddersfield,  and  Derbyshire  meeting  in  the 
parish.  The  principal  manufactures  are  cotton-yam  spin- 
ning, and  weaving  calicoes  and  ginghams  by  the  power- 
loom.  Ashton-under-Lyne  sends  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  The  increase  of  the  wealth  and  population 
of  this  town  within  the  last  half-century  has  been  very 
remarkable.    "Pop.  in  1881,  37,040  ;  in  1891,  40,494. 

Ashuap^mouchouan'y  or  Cha^mou^chou^an',  a 
large  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  the  highlands  near  Mistas- 
sini  Lake,  and,  running  S.E.,  enters  the  W.  side  of  Lake 
St.  John,  lat.  48°  39'  N.,  Ion.  72°  10'  W.  Length,  about  170 
miles.  A  little  above  the  92d  mile  it  divides  into  two 
branches.  One  of  these  comes  from  the  N.N.E.,  and,  being 
the  larger,  is  called  the  Chief  River.  The  other  branch 
retains  the  name  of  the  Ashuapmouchouan. 

Ashuapmouchouan  ("the  place  where  the  elk  is 
laid  wait  for"),  a  lake  of  Quebec,  160  miles  W.  of  Lake  St. 
John.  Lat.  49°  27'  N.;  Ion.  73°  55'  W.  Length,  10  miles; 
average  breadth,  4  miles.  It  receives  the  waters  of  several 
lakes,  and  has  its  outlet  in  the  river  Ashuapmouchouan. 

Ashuelot,  ash^yu-e'l^t  or  ash'we-lot,  a  river  of  New 
Hampshire,  runs  southwestward  through  Cheshire  co.,  and 
enters  the  Connecticut  River  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Keene. 
Its  length  is  nearly  75  miles. 

Ashaelot,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Ashuelot  River,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Keene.  It  has 
a  church,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  blankets  and  beaver 
cloth. 

Ash  Valley)  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Walnut  township,  10  miles  from  Lamed. 

Ash'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala., 
about  37  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Ashville  (formerly  Harmony),  a  village  of  Chautau- 
qua CO.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Jamestown,  and 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Corry,  Pa.  It  has  3  churches  and  several 
mills.     Pop.  350. 

AshvillC)  a  post-village  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

.4.shville,  a  post-b«  rough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Cresson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  289. 


Ash^wanip'i,  or  Ham'ilton,  a  river  of  Labrador,  hu 
its  source  near  the  hcad-tvaters  of  the  east  branch  of  the 
Moisic,  and,  after  a  course  of  600  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic 
through  Esquimaux  Bay  or  Hamilton  Inlet.  At  it«  mouth 
it  is  nearly  l^miles  wide.  About  100  miles  up  occur  the 
great  falls.  Six  miles  above  the  falls  the  river  suddenly 
contracts  to  about  100  yards,  then  rushing  in  a  continuooi 
rapid  again  contracts  to  a  breadth  of  50  yards  ere  it  pre> 
cipitates  itself  over  the  falls,  below  which  its  course  for 
about  30  miles  lies  between  walls  of  rock  that  rise  some- 
times to  the  height  of  300  feet  on  eitbttr  side.  This  fall  ia 
reported  to  exceed  in  height  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 

Ash'woodf  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Ashwood  Station,  a  post-hamlet,  Wilkinson  co..  Miss., 
on  the  West  Feliciana  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Woodville. 

Asia,  i'she-a  (not  4'zhe-a),  (Fr.  Asie,  4*zee' ;  Ger.  A»ien, 
8,'ze-§n ;  Lat.,  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.,  Asia,  k'&e-k),  the  largest  of 
the  great  divisions  of  the  globe.  Its  mainland  is  bounded 
N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  E.  by  the 
North  Pacific,  W.  by  Europe,  and  S.W.  by  Africa.  Its 
greatest  length  is  from  the  Dardanelles  to  Behring's  Strait, 
a  distance  of  about  7500  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  from 
Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi,  in  Siberia,  to  Cape  Romania,  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  about  5160  miles. 
Asia  is  joined  to  Europe  throughout  most  of  its  western 
limit,  being  in  part  separated  from  it  by  an  arbitrary  line 
formed  by  the  Ural  Mountains ;  it  is  connected  with  Africa 
by  the  Isthmus  of  Suez.  On  the  E.  it  is  separated  from 
America  by  Behring's  Strait,  where  the  two  continents  ap- 
proach within  36  miles  of  each  other.  As  viewed  on  a  globe, 
its  general  shape  is  roughly  triangular.  The  coasts  are 
irregular,  especially  on  the  S.  and  E.,  where  it  is  indented  by 
immense  bays  and  gulfs,  forming  projections  of  correspond- 
ing magnitude.  The  principal  of  the  former  are  the  Persian 
Grdf,  Arabian  Sea,  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  Gulf  of  Siam,  on 
the  S.  coast ;  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  Yellow  Sea,  Sea  of  Japan, 
Gulf  of  Tartary,  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  and  Sea  of  Anadeer,  on 
the  E.  coast.  On  the  N.,  the  indentations  are  equally  nu- 
merous, but,  with  the  exception  of  the  Gulf  of  Obi,  not  of  the 
same  extent.  The  more  remarkable  peninsulas  are  those  of 
Hindostan,  Malacca,  Indo-China,  Corea,  and  Anadeer,  on  the 
S.  and  E.  coasts.  The  principal  islands  and  island  groups 
within  the  limits  of  this  division  of  the  globe  are,  on  the  S. 
and  E,,  the  Laccadives,  Maldives,  the  Chagos  Archipelago, 
Ceylon,  the  Andaman  and  Nicobar  Islands;  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  Sumatra,  Java,  Borneo,  Celebes,  and  the  Sunda 
and  Banda  Islands;  the  Moluccas,  Sooloo  Islands,  Philippines, 
the  island  of  Hainan,  Formosa,  Chusan,  Hong-Kong,  the 
Japanese  Empire,  Saghalin  (or  Saghalien),  and  the  Koorils; 
on  the  N.,  Kotelnoi,  Fadievskoi,  New  Siberia,  and  (accord- 
ing to  Humboldt)  Nova  Zembla.  What  is  called  "  Wallace's 
line"  divides  the  islands  of  Southeastern  Asia  from  those  of 
Australasia  and  Polynesia, — a  line  nearly  coinciding  with 
the  meridian  of  120°  E.  Ion.,  to  the  westward  of  which  the 
plants  and  animals  are  for  the  most  part  of  a  distinctly 
Asiatic  type.  The  mainland  of  Asia  is  comprised  between 
lat.  1°  15'  and  78°  20'  N.,  and  Ion.  27°  E.  and  1 70°  W.  If 
its  islands  are  included,  its  southern  limit  will  extend  to 
lat.  11°  S.,  the  southernmost  point  of  Rottee,  a  small  island 
S.  of  Timor.  The  countries  comprised  within  its  limits  are 
Asiatic  Turkey,  Arabia,  Persia,  Beloochistan,  Afghanis- 
tan, India,  Burmah,  Siam,  Malacca,  China,  Japan,  Man- 
chooria,  Corea,  Mongolia,  Thibet,  Tartary,  and  Asiatic 
Russia :  to  these,  and  to  the  islands  above  enumerated,  the 
reader  is  referred  for  details. 

The  vast  extent  of  Asia,  the  diversity  of  its  surface,  and 
its  physical  structure,  render  it  difficult  to  give  a  view  of  its 
general  conformation  at  once  accurate  and  intelligible.  It 
may,  however,  be  characterized  generally,  notwithstanding 
its  enormous  elevations,  as  a  flat  country,  its  mean  level 
above  the  sea  not  exceeding  1150  feet,  while  a  third  part  has 
not  more  than  255  feet  of  mean  height.  The  whole  of  that 
portion  lying  N.W.  of  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains  and  N. 
of  the  Altai  is  one  prodigious  plain  or  tract  of  lowland,  one- 
third  larger  than  Europe,  the  elevation  of  which  is  little 
more  than  from  200  to  1200  feet.  The  southern  portion, 
which  stretches  along  the  Indian  Ocean,  is  composed,  like- 
wise, of  comparatively  level  regions ;  so  is  also  a  great  part 
of  the  interior,  where  the  plateaus  are  from  2000  to  4000 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  may  be  added  that  the  heights  of 
several  plateaus  of  Central  Asia  have  been  greatly  over-es- 
timated, and  that  there  is  little  doubt  that,  if  carefully  meas- 
ured, most  of  them  would  be  found  to  fall  far  short  of  the 
heights  at  present  assigned  them ;  while  no  small  part  of  the 
continent  is  actually  below  sea-level.  The  extensive  country 
N.  and  E.  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  around  the  Sea  of  A  ral. 


ASI 


536 


ASI 


fonns  a  vast  concavity  of  this  character.  The  prodigious 
mountain-systems  of  Asia  are  no  lees  remarkable  than  its 
vast  plains  and  deserts.  With  the  exception  of  the  Ural 
Mountains,  none  of  any  note  occur  N.  of  lat.  50°  and 
W.  of  Ion.  120°  E. ;  but  E.  of  that  meridian  the  Aldan 
Mountains  and  the  Yablonoi  and  Stanovoi  attain  a  con- 
siderable elevation.  S.  of  lat.  50°  and  N.  of  lat.  31°  are 
to  be  found  the  principal  mountain-systems  of  Asia,  con- 
sisting of  four  great  ranges,  nearly  parallel  to  one  another 
and  to  the  equator ;  the  largest  extending,  in  an  almost  un- 
broken line,  under  the  various  names  of  Taurus,  Elbrooz, 
Hindoo-Koosh,  and  Kuen-Lun,  from  the  Bosporus  to  China 
proper,  E.  of  the  100th  meridian,  forming,  as  it  were,  the 
backbone  of  the  continent.  The  subsidiary  systems  lie  at 
^•arious  angles  to  the  equator ;  but,  generally  speaking,  they 
run  parallel  to  the  coasts,  the  greater  number,  however, 
having  a  direction  S.E.  to  N.W.,  as  in  Arabia,  Persia,  on  the 
coast  of  Malabar,  in  the  peninsula  of  Burmab  and  Malacca ; 
while  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  in  Northern  India, 
China,  Manchooria,  and  N.E.  Siberia,  the  general  direction 
is  S.W.  to  N.E. 

The  great  mountain-systems  of  Central  Asia  are  the  Him- 
alaya, the  Altai,  the  Thian-Shan  or  Celestial  Mountains, 
and  the  Kuen-Lun,  all,  roughly  speaking,  parallel  to  the 
equator,  and  all  offshoots  of  the  great  Pameer  plateau  or 
steppe,  which  from  its  height  and  magnitude  has  been  called 
the  dome  or  roof  of  the  world.  This  region,  as  well  as 
Thibet,  has  a  general  elevation  of  over  15,000  feet.  The 
Himalaya  range,  the  general  course  of  which  is  from  N.W. 
to  S.E.,  consists  of  three  parts,  the  Hindoo-Koosh  or  Indian 
Caucasus,  which  extends  from  the  Paropamisan  range,  in  Af- 
ghanistan, to  Cashmere,  the  Himalaya,  which  stretches  from 
the  Valley  of  Cashmere  to  Bootan,  with  a  semicircular  inflec- 
tion, and,  lastly,  the  mountains  of  Bootan  and  Assam.  The 
highest  summit  yet  ascertained  with  certainty  is  that  of  Mt. 
Everest,  the  highest  mountain  in  the  world, — over  29,000  feet 
in  height.  There  are  more  than  40  rising  above  21,000  feet. 
Most  of  the  passes  are  above  15,000  feet  in  height,  and  some 
of  them  19,000.  The  line  of  perpetual  congelation  is  at  an 
elevation,  on  the  S.  side,  of  12,981  feet,  on  the  N.  side,  of 
16,620  feet;  a  difference  which  is  supposed  to  be  owing  to 
the  greater  serenity  of  the  sky  on  the  N.  side,  the  less  fre- 
quent formation  of  snow  in  very  cold  dry  air,  and  the  radi- 
ation of  heat  from  the  neighboring  plains,  which  are  much 
nearer  than  those  on  the  S.  Vegetation  is  prolonged  on  the 
Himalayas  to  the  height  of  upwards  of  18,000  feet.  The 
system  of  the  Altai  surrounds  the  sources  of  the  Irtish  and 
Yenisei.  The  Thian-Shan  or  Celestial  Mountains  run 
nearly  along  the  42d  parallel  of  N.  lat.,  rising  in  Tartary, 
and  terminating  in  the  Desert  of  Gobi,  in  Mongolia.  Little 
is  known  of  the  country  between  the  Thian-Shan  Moun- 
tains and  those  of  the  Altai, — a  space  about  400  miles  in 
breadth.  The  Kuen-Lun  Mountains  run  nearly  parallel 
with  the  former  range,  and  in  some  parts  with  the  Hindoo- 
Koosh  also.  They  rise  a  little  to  the  E.  of  the  100th  degree 
of  E.  longitude,  and,  under  various  names  of  Hindoo-Koosh, 
Elbrooz,  and  Taurus,  running  W.  and  N.W.,  closely  skirt 
the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas  on  the  S.,  terminating  to  the 
W.  of  the  latter,  thus  forming,  with  the  exception  of  the 
American  Cordillera,  the  longest  line  of  elevation  on  the 
globe.  These  and  other  chains  will  be  found  noticed  in  the 
articles  on  the  countries  in  which  they  occur,  and  more  fully 
described  under  their  own  names. 

The  continent  of  Asia  has  few  volcanoes  in  a  state  nf 
activity,  though  its  islands  are  crowded  with  them.  In 
Western  Asia  the  volcano  of  Demavend,  70  miles  S.  of  the 
S.  shore  of  the  Caspian,  was  until  lately  active.  The  table- 
land of  Western  Asia  was  at  one  time  the  seat  of  intense  com- 
motion, now  nearly  extinct.  In  the  table-land  of  Eastern 
Asia  occurs  the  Thian-Shan,  where  there  are  two  active 
volcanoes.  In  Kamchatka,  however,  there  are  no  fewer 
than  9  volcanoes  in  a  state  of  activity.  Earthquakes  are 
frequent  and  violent  in  many  parts  of  Asia.  The  places 
most  subject  to  these  visitations  are  Asia  Minor,  the  Persian 
Mountains,  the  regions  between  Lake  Baikal  and  the  vol- 
cano of  Ho-Cheoo,  in  the  S.E.  of  Tartary,  the  province  of 
Cutch,  in  India,  and  especially  the  great  archipelagoes. 

The  table-lands  of  Asia,  like  all  the  other  physical  fea- 
tures of  that  vast  continent,  are  gigantic.  That  of  Iran, 
in  Persia,  occupies  an  area  of  170,000  square  miles,  and.  is 
generally  from  4000  to  7000  feet  above  the  sea;  while  that 
of  Thibet  comprises  760,000  square  miles.  The  table-lands 
of  the  interior  are  frequently  cold  and  sterile,  snow  falling 
through  every  month  of  the  year.  Among  the  less  extensive 
table-lands  are  those  of  the  Punjab,  of  Central  India,  of  the 
Deccan,  and  of  Mysore.  Nearly  the  whole  of  Northwestern 
Asia  is  one  vast  plain  or  undulating  surface,  occupying  up- 


wards of  7,000,000  square  miles.  The  great  plain  or  steppe 
of  Ishim,  in  Siberia,  extends  from  the  E.  slope  of  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  across  the  Tobol,  to  the 
Irtish,  a  distance  of  about  700  miles.  It  is  covered  in  part 
with  dense  forests.  Next  to  this  plain  is  the  steppe  of 
Baraba,  occupying  the  space  between  the  Irtish  and  the 
Upper  Obi.  To  the  S.  of  these  steppes  is  another,  several 
hundred  miles  in  extent,  lying  between  the  Altai  Mountains 
and  the  E.  confines  of  Tartary,  and  including  Lake  Ten- 
gheez.  In  the  E.  of  China  there  is  an  alluvial  plain  of 
210,000  square  miles,  most  of  it  productive  and  highly  cul- 
tivated ;  and  in  Hindostan  there  are  plains  that  extend  2000 
miles  along  the  S.  slope  of  the  Himalayas.  The  steppes  of 
Asia  generally  consist  of  rich  pastures,  intermingled  with 
woods,  barren  sands,  lakes,  pools,  and  streams  of  salt  and 
bitter  waters.  Deserts  are  numerous  in  Asia,  and  many  of 
them  of  great  extent.  The  most  remarkable  is  that  of  the 
Great  Gobi  or  Shamo  {i.e.,  "  sea  of  sand"),  its  whole  length 
being  probably  not  under  1200  miles.  This  is  a  portion  of 
the  great  Han-hai,  or  "  dried-up  sea"  of  Central  and  Eastern 
Asia,  a  vast  elevated  basin,  whose  waters  do  not  reach  the 
ocean.  It  is  regarded  as  the  bed  of  a  former  inland  sea. 
The  great  salt  desert  of  Irak-Ajemee,  in  Persia,  is  about  390 
miles  in  length  and  210  miles  in  breadth.  There  are,  besides, 
other  deserts  in  this  division  of  the  globe,  the  whole  occupy- 
ing three-tenths  of  its  entire  surface. 

Asia  contains  some  of  the  largest  rivers  in  the  world. 
Those  in  Western  Asia  are  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris ;  in 
Eastern  Asia,  the  Amoor,  the  Hoang-Ho,  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang,  the  Hong-Kiang,  and  the  Sang-Koi  or  Tonquin; 
in  Northern  Asia,  the  Obi,  the  Irtish,  the  Yenisei,  the 
Lena,  the  Indighirka,  and  the  Kolyma ;  in  Southern  Asia, 
the  Indus  and  its  confluents,  the  Beas,  Ravee,  Jhylum, 
Chenaub,  and  Sutlej ;  the  Ganges,  the  Brahmapootra,  the 
Irrawaddy,  the  Salwin,  the  Menam,  and  the  Me-Kong.  Some 
of  the  baains  of  these  rivers  are  of  vast  extent.  The  river 
of  greatest  length  is  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  the  entire  length 
of  which  is  2900  miles ;  that  of  the  Yenisei  is  2500  miles. 

The  largest  lake  or  inland  sea  of  Asia  is  the  Caspian ;  it 
has  no  outlet,  is  about  750  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S., 
and  about  230  miles  in  breadth.  Next  in  extent  is  the  Sea 
of  Aral.  The  other  principal  lakes  to  the  E.  are  Lake 
Balkash  or  Tengheez,  and  Lake  Baikal,  in  Siberia.  There 
are,  besides,  a  number  of  smaller  lakes  dispersed  over  the 
continent.  A  great  many  of  them  have  no  outlets,  and  are 
consequently  salt. 

All  the  precious  and  useful  minerals  are  found  in  Asia. 
Diamonds  are  found  in  Bundelcund,  the  Deccan,  the  Ural 
Mountains,  Borneo,  Ceylon,  and  other  places.  Rock-crys- 
tals, amethysts,  rubies,  turquoises,  cornelians,  lapis-lazuli, 
topazes,  and  other  precious  stones  are  found  iii  many  diff'er- 
ent  quarters.  Gold  is,  perhaps,  most  abundant  in  the  Altai 
chain.  Silver  is  a  product  of  China,  Asiatic  Russia,  and 
the  Japanese  and  Ottoman  Empires;  mercury,  of  China, 
Thibet,  Japan,  India,  and  Ceylon.  Tin  is  met  ^ith  over 
all  the  Malay  peninsula,  in  Burmah,  China,  and  some  of 
the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago;  copper  and  iron 
in  Japan,  Russia,  Thibet,  Hindostan,  Persia,  and  Tur- 
key ;  in  most  of  which  countries  lead  also  is  found.  Coal 
has  been  discovered  in  Northern  China,  in  Bengal,  and  in 
some  of  the  islands,  and  doubtless  exists  in  many  localities 
not  yet  explored.  Salt  is  very  generally  diffused  over  the 
continent,  few  extensive  districts  being  altogether  destitute 
of  salt  lakes  or  springs ;  but  our  knowledge  of  the  distri- 
bution of  the  mineral  wealth  of  Asia,  as  well  as  on  many 
other  points,  is  still  exceedingly  imperfect. 

Asia,  from  its  vast  extent,  stretching  from  the  polar  circle 
to  the  equator,  possesses  every  variety  of  climate,  from  ex- 
cessive heat  to  the  most  intense  cold.  This  variety  of  cli- 
mate is  further  increased  by  local  influences,  particularly  by 
the  great  heights  of  its  table-lands  and  mountains,  by  its 
comparatively  compact  configuration,  and  by  the  great  ex- 
tension of  land  it  presents  towards  the  pole.  Beyond  the 
56th  parallel  of  N.  latitude,  which  includes  all  Siberia,  the 
ground  is  permanently  frozen,  in  some  places  to  a  great 
depth,  and  a  degree  of  cold  exceeding  90°  below  the  freez- 
ing-point is  here  of  annual  occurrence ;  while  in  other  parts 
of  the  same  region,  such  as  Tobolsk  and  Irkootsk,  the  sum- 
mers are  equal  to  those  of  Berlin  and  Cherbourg,  but  are 
succeeded  by  winters  of  great  severity.  The  violent  winds 
called  typhoons  prevail  in  Southeastern  Asia  between  lat. 
4°  and  40°  N.,  their  sphere  of  action  diminishing  westerly 
to  a  space  included  between  13°  and  26°  N.  lat.  These 
destructive  winds  blow  at  all  seasons,  but  rarely  between 
May  and  December.  The  monsoons,  which  also  prevail  in 
this  quarter  of  the  world,  extend  into  Asia,  from  their  cen- 
tral region  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  as  far  as  lat.  36°  N„  in- 


ASI 


537 


ASO 


elading  China,  all  Hindostan,  the  Punjab,  and  part  of 
Thibet.  They  blow  regularly  from  the  S.W.  from  April  to 
October,  and  from  the  N.E.  from  October  to  April;  the 
change  being  accompanied  by  heavy  rain  and  violent  storms 
of  thunder  and  lightning.  The  rainless  regions  of  Asia  are  of 
vast  extent ;  one  of  these  extends  from  Delhi,  in  Northern 
Hindostan,  to  near  Nerchinsk,  in  Southeastern  Siberia,  a 
distance  of  about  2500  miles,  with  a  width  of  about  1200 
miles.  It  thus  includes  part  of  Thibet,  the  great  desert  of 
Gobi,  and  a  part  of  Mongolia, — a  space  estimated  to  com- 
prise 2,000,000  square  miles.  The  other  is  a  continuation 
of  the  vast  rainless  region  which,  commencing  on  the  borders 
of  Morocco,  terminates  in  Beloochistan,  of  which  it  includes 
the  greater  part,  with  a  large  portion  of  Persia,  the  N.  part 
of  Arabia,  and  the  S.  of  Syria. 

Vegetation. — The  vegetation  of  Asia  is  as  various  as  its 
climate.  The  extreme  S.  portions  only  present  all  the  char- 
acteristics of  tropical  vegetation.  A  remarkable  peculiarity 
of  the  flora  of  Eastern  Asia  is  the  prevalence  of  tropical 
types  throughout  the  temperate  region.  No  cereals  are 
cultivated  in  Asia  N.  of  about  lat.  62°  N.  The  tea-plant  is 
cultivated  in  China  and  Cochin  China,  between  lat.  17°  and 
35°  N.,  Ion.  94°  and  120°  E.,  which  includes  Assam ;  but  it 
is  most  successful  between  the  parallels  of  25°  and  33°  N. 
It  is  also  cultivated  in  Japan,  and  in  various  parts  of  India. 
Cotton  is  grown  in  India,  Burmah,  Siam,  and  in  China. 
Sugar  and  Indigo  are  produced  in  India  and  in  the  other 
countries  to  the  E.  Ceylon  and  Java  are  famed  for  their 
coffee.  Cinnamon  luxuriates  in  Ceylon,  and  is  grown  in 
Annam ;  and  nutmegs,  cloves,  and  pepper  are  products  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago.  In  the  latter,  also,  the  sago-palm 
attains  the  highest  perfection.  The  oak,  walnut,  box,  cedar, 
cocoa-palm,  rattan,  bamboo,  teak,  poon,  sal,  and  toon-tree 
are  among  the  many  useful  products  of  Asia. 

The  quadrupeds  of  the  continent  and  islands  include  the 
elephant,  rhinoceros,  camel,  lion,  tiger,  leopard,  panther, 
hyena,  tapir,  wolf,  bear,  wild  boar,  hog,  dog,  antelope,  deer, 
chamois,  stag,  ox,  buffalo,  horse,  goat,  sheep,  wild  ass,  mon- 
key, ape,  fox,  hare,  squirrel,  jackal,  elk,  marten,  cat,  yak, 
wild  cat,  and  weasel.  The  Asiatic  lion  is  confined  to  a 
comparatively  limited  region.  The  tiger  has  its  chief  hab- 
itation in  the  sultry  jungles  of  Bengal  and  the  islands  of 
Java  and  Sumatra,  but  it  is  found  a«  far  N.  as  the  Caspian 
and  the  Altai  Mountains.  Among  the  most  remarkable  of 
the  Asiatic  bears  are  the  Syrian  bear,  the  Thibet  bear,  and 
the  sun -bear  of  Sumatra.  The  buffalo  is  a  native  of  China, 
India,  Borneo,  and  the  Sunda  Islands.  The  goat  of  Cash- 
mere and  that  of  Angora  produce  excellent  wool.  Among 
reptiles  are  crocodiles,  the  cobra  de  capello  and  other  poi- 
sonous serpents,  the  python,  tortoises,  chameleons,  &c. 
The  number  and  variety  of  birds  in  Asia  are  too  great  to 
allow  of  either  enumeration  or  description;  they  include 
eagles,  vultures,  quails,  pheasants,  starlings,  herons,  storks, 
cranes,  swans,  wild  ducks,  pelicans,  nightingales,  Ac.  In 
Southeastern  Asia  and  the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, birds  of  the  most  gorgeous  plumage  abound.  Asia  is 
peculiarly  prolific  in  gallinaceous  fowls,  some  of  them  pos- 
sessing most  brilliant  plumage. 

Asia  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  cradle  of  the  human 
race.  It  contains  a  vast  variety  of  tribes  and  nations.  The 
main  divisions  or  families  consist  of  the  great  Aryan  or 
Indo-European  group ;  the  Semitic  nations ;  the  Mongolian, 
including  the  Uralian-Finnish  races,  and  perhaps  the  Dra- 
vidian  families  of  India ;  the  Malays ;  and  a  number  of 
minor  groups  of  uncertain  affinity.  There  are  probably  not 
fewer  than  a  thousand  languages  and  well-marked  dialects 
spoken  in  Asia.  It  is  remarkable  that  every  widely-preva- 
lent religious  system  is  of  Asiatic  origin.  The  prevailing  re- 
ligions of  Asia  are  Brahmanism  and  Booddhism  ;  the  former 
being  professed  in  Hindostan,  the  latter  in  China,  Japan, 
Anam,  Siam,  the  Burman  Empire,  Ceylon,  and  among  the 
Mongols  and  Toongooses.  In  the  S.W.  of  Asia  Islamism 
prevails ;  and  Mohammedans  are  numerous  in  India,  Ma- 
lacca, and  many  parts  of  the  Malay  Archipelago. 

The  term  Asia,  the  origin  of  which  is  unknown,  was  first 
applied  to  a  small  province  of  the  peninsula  now  called  Asia 
Minor,  but  has  since  been  gradually  extended  to  the  whole 
Asiatic  continent.  The  early  history  of  Asia  may  be  re- 
garded as  that  of  the  world.  Here  the  human  race  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  first  planted ;  and  here  also  arose  primi- 
tive families,  tribes,  nations,  and  dynasties,  of  whose  history 
only  a  few  fragments  remain.  The  course  of  Asiatic  history 
is  too  long  and  its  import  too  weighty  to  be  satisfactorily 
summed  up  in  a  few  lines ;  but  it  may  be  believed  that  the 
great  Anglo-Indian  empire  in  the  S.,  and  the  less  populous 
but  far  more  extensive  Russian  dominion  in  Northern  and 
Central  Asia,  are  to  be  the  most  important  factors  in  the 
35 


history  of  her  near  future.  These  two  powers  are  now  the 
only  formidable  ones  in  Asia,  save  China  alone. 

Population. — The  entire  population  of  Asia  is  estimated 
at  825,954,000, — British  India  containing  nearly  a  fourth 
of  that  number.  Outside  the  European  colonies  there  are 
no  trustworthy  statistics ;  but  for  the  Chinese  empire  alone 
there  is  claimed  a  population  estimated  at  350,000,000.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  more  than  one- half  the  population  of  the 

globe  is  Asiatic. A^j,  Asiatic,  i^she-at'ik,  and  Asian, 

i'she-%n  (poetical);  inhab.  Asiatic  (Fr.  Asiatique,  i^zee'- 
&Heek';  6er.  adj.  Asiatiscb,  i-ze-a'tish,  inhab.  Asiate, 
4-ze-fi,'t?h). 

Asiago,  i-see'i-go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Vi- 
cenza,  capital  of  the  district  termed  the  "Seven  Com- 
munes," inhabited  by  a  race  of  German  descent,  22  miles 
N.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  of  district,  29,000 ;  of  town,  5493. 

Asia  IsleS)  a  low,  wooded  group  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, E.  of  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  N. ;  Ion.  131°  17'  E. 

Asia  Minor.     See  Anatolia. 

Asiatic  Archipelago.    See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Asie,  AsieU)  Asiatic,  Asiatiqne.    See  Asia. 

Asimagomy,  &-se-m&-go'mee,  a  lake  in  Canada,  prov- 
ince of  Ontario,  lat.  48°  35'  N.,  Ion.  85°  30'  W.  It  is  about 
12  miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  4  miles  in  breadth,  and 
enters  the  E.  extremity  of  Lake  Superior  by  a  stream  about 
36  miles  long. 

Asinalunga,  &-see^n&-loon'g&,  or  Sina  Longa,  see'n& 
lon'gi,  a  town  of  Italy,  36  miles  by  rail  from  Sienna,  on  the 
E.  slope  of  the  hill  which  separates  the  Val  di  Chiana  and 
Val  d'Ombrone.     Pop.  8898. 

Asinara,  i-se-ni'ri,  a  small  island  off  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  lat.  41°  5'  N.,  Ion.  8°  16'  E. 
It  is  about  10  miles  long.  It  has  a  light-house,  and  a  port 
called  Trabuccato  (trJ,-book-k8.'to).     Pop.  270. 

Asir,  a  state  of  Arabia.     See  Aseer. 

Asirmintar,  d,-seer-min-t&r',  a  volcano  in  Onekotan, 
one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.     Lat.  49°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  155°  E. 

Asisia,  an  ancient  name  of  Asseria. 

Ask,  isk,  or  Asek,  is'§k,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Mazanderan,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Demavend,  5900  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  60  miles  S.W.  of  Saree.  It  is  said  to 
comprise  from  1000  to  1500  houses. 

Askalon,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Ascalon. 

As'kam ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Askeaton,  as-k&'tpn,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lim- 
erick, on  the  Deel,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Limerick.    Pop.  2118. 

Askeaton,  Wisconsin.     See  Holland  Station. 

As'kern,  or  As'kerne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Doncaster.  P.  457. 

Askersund,  is'ker-soond\  a  town  of  Sweden,  27  miles 
S.W.  of  Orebro,  on  Lake  Wetter.     Pop.  1397. 

As'kew,  or  Dunn's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Lee 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  25  miles  above  Helena. 

Askha,  an  Aleutian  island.     See  Atka. 

Askoe,  &8k'o\h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Great  Belt,  2  miles  off  the  N.  coast  of  Laaland.     Pop.  150. 

Askoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  lat.  60°  27'  N.,  separated 
from  the  coast  by  a  narrow  strait.     PoP-  2400. 

Asia,  &s'lfi.,  Assela,  &s's^h-l&\or  £1  Asia,  21  &s'l&,  a 
village  and  oasis  of  Algeria,  149  miles  S.  of  Oran,  lat.  33° 
32'  N.,  Ion.  0°  30'  W.,  on  a  small  stream  of  the  same  name, 
which  waters  the  little  gardens  that  compose  the  principal 
riches  of  the  inhabitants.     Pop.  400. 

Asmanshansen,  or  Assmannshansen,  &s'm&n8- 
hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  and 
on  a  railway,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Riidesheim.     Pop.  772. 

Asmildkloster,  is-mild-klos't^r,  a  village  of  Den- 
mark, in  North  Jutland,  on  the  E.  side  of  Yiborg  Lake. 

Asna,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Esneh. 

As'nen,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the  laen  of  Kronoberg, 
20  miles  long  and  15  miles  broad.  It  is  navigated  by 
steamboats,  and  sends  its  waters  to  the  Baltic  by  tho 
Morums  Au. 

Asni^res,  ih^ne-ain',  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
France,  one  of  which,  on  the  Seine,  is  4  miles  from  Paris, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways.     Pop.  5784. 

Aso,  I'so,  or  Asone,  &-so'ni.  (anc.  Aso'na),  a  river  of 
Italy,  enters  the  Adriatic  7  miles  S.E.  of  Fermo. 

Asola,  i-so'li,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Mantua,  capital  of  the  district,  on  the  Chiese.  It  has 
manufactories  of  silk  twist.     Pop.  5865. 

Asolo,  i-so'lo,  an  ancient  fortified  town  of  Italy,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  5437. 

Asone,  or  Asona,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Aso. 

Asooree^  the  Hindoo  for  Ossoree. 

Asoph,  a  sea  of  Europe.    See  Azor. 


ASO 


538 


ASS 


Asopo,  4-so'po,  or  Aso'pus,  a  river  of  Greece,  in 
Boeotia,  rises  S.  of  Thebes,  flows  eastward,  and  enters  the 
Channel  of  Euboea.     Length,  about  24  miles. 

Aso'tiU)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Asotin  co.,  Wash., 
on  Snake  River,  10  miles  S.'of  Lewiston,  Idaho.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Aspe,  is'pA,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  17  miles  W. 
of  Alicante.  It  has  flour-mills,  oil-mills,  eoap-factories, 
brandy-distilleries,  and  marble-quarries.     Pop.  7185. 

As'peU)  a  mining  city,  capital  of  Pitkin  co.,  Col.,  82 
miles  by  rail  or  about  35  miles  direct  W.  by  S.  of  Lead- 
■ville.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  5108. 

Aspen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  IS  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Evanston. 

Aspen  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C., 
15  miles  N.  of  Greensborough. 

Aspen  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with  Decatur,  88  miles 
S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

As'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  about  9  miles 
from  Bedford  Railroad  Station. 

Asperen,  is'pi-r§n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dort.     Pop.  1447. 

Asperg,  is'p^RQ,  or  Asberg,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  a  railway,  8  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  2039.  Near 
it  is  the  castle  of  Hohen-Asperg,  on  a  steep  rock. 

Aspern,  or  Gross  Aspern,  groce  is'p^rn,  a  village 
of  Austria,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vienna,  celebrated  for  a  battle 
fought  May  21  and  22,  1809,  between  the  French  under 
Napoleon  and  the  Austrians  under  the  Archduke  Charles.. 

Aspet,  is^pi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Haute- 
Garonne,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2565. 

Asphaltites,  Lake.    See  Dead  Sba. 

Asphodel,  Ontario.     See  Westwood. 

As'pinwall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  about 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Carroll.     Pop.  150. 

Aspinwall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Wells 
township,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2 
churches. 

As'pinwall ,  or  Colon,  ko-l6n',  a  seaport  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  on  the  Atlantic  side  of  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  47  miles  from  Panama,  2000  miles  from  New  York, 
and  nearly  equidistant  from  San  Francisco  and  Valparaiso, 
being  about  3300  miles  from  each  place.  The  harbor  has 
a  depth  of  water  sufficient  for  the  largest  ships,  and  is  very 
spacious.  It  has  semi-monthly  communication  with  both 
New  York  and  San  Francisco  by  steamers.  British,  French, 
and  German  mail-steamers  have  a  landing  here,  and  also  at 
Panama,  the  mail  being  transported  across  the  isthmus  at 
this  point.  A  railroad  47  miles  in  length,  connecting  As- 
pinwall with  Panama,  was  opened  February  17,  1855.  A 
large  depot  has  been  built  near  the  centre  of  the  town ;  the 
track  communicates  with  the  wharf  at  which  the  steamers 
land.  Aspinwall  exports  many  fine  bananas.  It  was  founded 
about  1850,  and  is  said  to  contain  2500  inhabitants. 

Aspiran,  3,s*pe^r6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  H6rault,  on  a  railway,  5  miles  S.  of  Clermont.   Pop.  1435. 

Aspot'ogan^  Harbor,  a  seaport  in  Lunenburg  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  50  miles  W.  of  Halifax. 

Aspriferes,  3,s'pre-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Aveyron,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1821. 

Aspromonte,  the  Italian  for  Apbemont. 

Aspro-Potamo,  is-pro-pofi-mo  (i.e., "white river;" 
vac.  Achelo'us),  the  largest  river  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece, 
rises  near  Mezzovo  in  Albania,  flows  S.S.W.,  separating  Acar- 
nania  on  the  W.  from  Eurytania,  Ttessaly,  and  iBtolia  on 
the  E.,  and  enters  the  Ionian  Sea  (Mediterranean)  15  miles 
W.  of  Missolonghi.     Length,  100  miles. 

Aspnzi,  Is-poo^zee',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio 
of  Marash,  5  miles  S.  of  Malateeyeh.  It  is  surrounded  by 
gardens  and  orchards,  and  is  resorted  to  as  a  summer  resi- 
dence by  the  inhabitants  of  Malateeyeh. 

As'py  Bay,  a  hamlet  in  Victoria  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  coast  of  Cape  Breton  Island.  It  is  the  place  of  landing 
of  an  Atlantic  telegraph  cable. 

Assab  (is^sib')  Bay,  in  Abyssinia,  about  40  miles  N.W. 
of  the  narrowest  part  of  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  It 
is  16  miles  in  length,  and  upwards  of  5  miles  in  width. 

As'sabet,  a  small  river  of  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Wor- 
cester CO.,  runs  northeastward,  and  unites  with  the  Sudbury 
River  in  Middlesex  co.,  about  1  mile  from  Concord.  The 
stream  formed  by  this  union  is  the  Concord  River. 

Assaca,  is-si'ki,  a  province  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coast,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Orange.     Pop.  estimated  at  2000. 

Assachinskaya,AssatchinskayaorAssatchin- 


skaja  Sopka,  &s-s&-chin-ski'y&  sop'ki,  an  active  volcano 
in  Kamchatka.     Lat.  52°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  157°  43'  E. 

Assahan,  a  town  of  Sumatra.     See  Asahan. 

As  sal,  &s^sd,l',  a  salt  lake  of  Eastern  Africa,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Tajoorah,  about  lat.  11°  40  N.  and  Ion.  42°  40'  E. 
It  is  570  feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  of  an  oval 
form,  8  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  about  4  miles  in 
breadth.  The  shores  are  covered  with  a  thick  salt  crust, 
which  in.  most  places  rests  on  the  ground,  the  waters  having 
subsided.  Numerous  caravans  resort  to  this  lake  to  carry 
away  the  salt. 

As^sam',  or  Asam,  a  province  of  British  India,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Brahmapootra,  between  lat.  22°  and  28°  15' 
N.  and  Ion.  90°  and  98°  E.  Length,  500  miles ;  average 
breadth,  about  60  miles.  It  includes  Goalpara,  Camroop, 
Durrung,  Nowgong,  Seebsaugur,  Luckimpoor,  Cachar,  the 
Naga  Hills,  Cossyah  and  Jynteah  Hills,  Garrow  Hills,  Ac, 
Area  of  Assam,  with  Sylhet,  55,384  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  5,476,833.  In  the  larger  sense  the  name  designates 
a  natural  division  of  country  bounded  N.  by  the  sub- 
Himalaya,  E.  by  Burmah,  S.  by  Sylhet,  and  W.  by  Bengal. 
Much  of  the  Brahmapootra  Valley  is  studded  over  with 
little  conical  green  hills,  rising  abruptly  from  the  level 
plains  to  the  height  of  from  200  to  700  feet,  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  E.  by  lofty  mountains.  It  contains  extensive 
tracts  of  well-cultivated  land,  among  which  are  some  dis- 
tricts above  the  reach  of  inundation,  and  suited  for  crops 
of  all  kinds.  Though  the  country  is  intersected  with  half- 
filled  channels  and  stagnant  lakes,  yet  in  the  dry  season 
it  is  very  susceptible  of  cultivation,  and  amply  repays  any 
labor  and  expense  bestowed  upon  it.  The  soil  is,  for  the 
most  part,  composed  of  rich  black  mould,  though  occasion- 
ally of  red  stiff  clay. 

Assam  has  a  very  large  number  of  rivers,  tributaries  of 
the  Brahmapootra,  both  from  the  northern  and  from  the 
southern  mountains.  Gold  is  found  in  nearly  all  the  moun- 
tain-streams that  flow  into  the  Brahmapootra,  and  also  in 
the  latter  river  itself.  Iron  abounds  in  most  of  the  hill- 
countries.  Coal  has  been  discovered  in  several  places,  and 
limestone  in  considerable  quantities.  There  are  also  minei 
of  precious  stones  and  of  amber.  In  the  Naga  Hills  are 
brine-springs,  and. petroleum  is  found  in  small  quantities. 

Very  violent  storms  are  frequent  during  April,  May,  and 
June,  accompanied  with  tremendous  thunder  and  light- 
ning, hail -showers,  and  torrents  of  rain.  The  rainy  season 
lasts  six  months,  commencing  in  April  and  ending  in  Octo- 
ber. During  this  season  one  universal  deluge  prevails,  and 
all  the  labors  of  the  field  are  necessarily  suspended. 

Rice  is  the  principal  crop;  sugar-cane  grows  well,  but 
does  not  attract  much  attention.  Mustard,  cotton,  and  opium 
are  extensively  cultivated.  The  tea-tree,  which  grows  wild 
on  the  mountains  in  great  abundance,  has  become  an  im- 
portant article  of  cultivation.  Cofiee,  in  its  natural  state,, 
also  grows  luxuriantly,  but  attracts  little  attention.  The 
betel-nut  palm  is  cultivated  to  a  large  extent.  The  rattan 
grows  wild,  and  forms  impenetrable  jungles.  The  plantain 
grows  abundantly  on  most  of  the  hills.  Lac,  india-rubber,^ 
silk,  and  ivory  are  important  products. 

Wild  elephants  are  numerous ;  and  the  forests  are  inhab- 
ited by  the  rhinoceros.  Tigers,  leopards,  bears,  buffaloes,, 
wild  hogs,  porcupines,  flying  squirrels,  otters,  and  an  in- 
finite variety  of  monkeys  and  snakes,  are  common.  The 
white  ant  is  very  destructive.  Crocodiles  and  tortoises  are 
also  numerous.  Ever  since  Assam  was  ceded  by  Burmah, 
in  1826,  it  has  been  gaining  in  importance  as  well  as  in 
population.  Much  British  capital  is  here  invested,  especi- 
ally in  the  tea-culture ;  but  the  country  is  even  now  very 
imperfectly  developed.  Brahminism  has  superseded  Bood- 
dhism  in  this  province.    The  chief  town  is  Gowhatty.    The 

Assamese  language  resembles  the  Bengalee. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Assamese,  as^sam-eez'. 

Assamareh,  8,s-si-mi'r§h,  a  large  viUage  of  Western 
Africa,  on  the  Niger,  about  lat.  5°  58'  N.,  Ion.  6°  45'  E, 
Cam-wood  abounds  here,  and  is  an  article  of  commerce. 

Assamoo'sick,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Assan'pink  or  Assun'pink  Creek  rises  in  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  N.J.,  runs  northwestward  and  southwestward, 
and  enters  the  Delaware  River  at  Trenton. 

Assa'ria,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Ean.,  about  IC 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salina.     Pop.  300. 

Assarli,  is-saR'lee,  or  Assarlo,  S.s-saR'lo,  a  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritza,  N.W.  of  Adrianople 

Assaro,  a  village  of  Sicily.     See  Asaro. 

Assatchinskaya.     See  Assachinskaya. 

Assateague  (as^sa-teeg')  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Northampton  co.,  Va.,"ha8  a  light-house  129  feet  high,  lat 
37°  55'  37"  N.     Northwestward  is  Assateague  Bay. 


ASS 


539 


AST 


As'saAve  Lake,  in  Cass  oo.,  Minn.,  is  traversed  by 
Plantagenet  River,  and  lies  a  few  miles  E.  of  Itasca  Lake. 

Assaye,  or  Assye,  is-si',  a  small  town  of  Hindostan, 
in  the  Nizam's  dominions,  260  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad.  It 
is  memorable  as  the  place  where  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
(then  General  Wellesley)  commenced  his  career  of  victory, 
September  23,  1803,  by  defeating,  with  4600  men,  the  com- 
bined forces  of  Scindia  and  the  Nagpoor  Eaja,  amounting 
to  30,000  men. 

Assche,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Aschb. 

Asseerghur,  a  fort  of  India.    See  Aseerghur. 

Assela,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Asla. 

Ass^-le-Boisne,  as^si'le-bwin',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Sarthe,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fresnay.     Pop.  1714. 

Assein,  is's^ln,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  5 
miles  E.  of  Dortmund.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  1620. 

Assen,  ^s's^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Drenthe,  on  the  Hoorn-diep,  and  on  a  railway, 
15i  miles  S.  of  Groningen.  Pop.  6836.  It  communicates 
with  the  Zuyder  Zee  by  the  Smilder  Canal. 

Assendelft,  is's§n-d51ft\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  9i  miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam.   Pop.  3200. 

Assenede,  is-sen'§-d§h,  or  Assende,  is^sfisd',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  East  Flanders,  on  a  railway, 
12i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  4200,  with  woollen-  and 
cotton-manufactures,  dye-  and  soap-works,  and  breweries. 

Assenheim,  is's§n-hime\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  827. 

AssenSj  is's^ns,  a  maritime  town  of  Denm&rk,  island 
of  Funen,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Odense.     Pop.  3581. 

Asseria,  S.s-si-ree'4,  or  Podgraje,  a  town  of  Dalma- 
tia,  with  ruins  which  show  that  it  has  once  been  a  splendid 
city.     It  is  the  Asisia  of  Ptolemy. 

As^siniboi'a,  a  district  of  Canada,  bounded  N.  by 
Saskatchewan,  E.  by  Manitoba,  S.  by  the  United  States, 
and  W.  by  Alberta.  Area,  95,000  square  miles.  Chief  town, 
Regina.     Pop.  in  1891,  30,285. 

Assin'iboin,  or  Assin'iboine,  a  river  of  North 
America,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  British  possessions,  runs 
nearly  eastward  through  Manitoba,  and  enters  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  at  Winnipeg.    Length,  about  600  miles. 

Assiniboin  Indians,  a  Canadian  tribe  of  the  Dakota 
stock,  inhabiting  parts  of  Manitoba  and  the  North- West 
Territories.  They  are  divided  into  Mountain  and  Prairie 
Assiniboins,  are  few  in  numbers,  and  quite  peaceable. 
They  are  of  several  bands,  or  minor  tribes. 

Assinie,  is^se^nee',  a  French  colonial  establishment  in 
Africa,  on  the  river  Assinie,  which  divides  the  Gold  Coast 
from  the  Ivory  Coast,  lat.  5°  7'  N.  Here  the  river  expands 
into  a  large  lake,  called  Ahy.  Gold  dust,  ivory,  and  skins 
are  exported.  None  but  French  vessels  are  allowed  to  en- 
gage in  trade.  The  river  forms  a  part  of  the  W.  limit  of 
Ashantee.     Its  navigation  is  impeded  by  rapids. 

Assioot,  a  city  of  Egypt.     See  Sioot. 

Assis'cnnk  Creek,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  falls  into  the 
Delaware  River  a  little  above  Burlington. 

Assist,  or  Asisi,  i-see'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  a  rail- 
way, 16  miles  S.E.  of  Perugia.  Pop.  3300.  It  is  pic- 
turesquely situated  on  a  steep  hill,  surrounded  by  battle- 
mented  walls  and  a  long  line  of  aqueducts.  Its  churches  are 
adorned  with  early  specimens  of  Italian  painting.  The 
cathedral  is  a  structure  of  the  eleventh  century.  There  are 
20  other  churches  and  12  monasteries.  Assisi  has  been  a 
bishop's  see  ever  since  a.d.  240.  It  has  manufactures  of 
needles  and  files. 

Assmannshansen.    See  Asmanshausen. 

Asso,  is'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Como,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1349. 

Asso,  is'so,  a  town  and  fort  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Cephalonia,  15  miles  N.  of  Argostoli.     Pop.  600. 

Assofoodah,  is-so-foo'di,  a  town  of  the  Foolan  coun- 
try, West  Africa,  about  lat.  10°  25'  N.,  Ion.  2°  35'  E.  The 
natives  are  Mohammedans.     Pop.  12,000. 

Asson,  is's6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Bas8es-Pyr6n6es,  3  miles  S.  of  Nay.     Pop.  2634. 

Asso'net,  a  village  in  Freetown,  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
half  a  mile  from  Assonet  Station,  on  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  guns  and  tacks. 

Assoor,  Assour,  or  Assur,  as^soor',  a  town  of  Nnbia, 
Dongola,  on  the  Nile,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Meroe,  cele- 
brated for  the  numbers  of  its  pyramids. 

Assouan,  Assowan,  or  Assuan.    See  Asswam. 

Assuapmoussoin.    See  Ashuapmouchouan. 

Assuay,  a  department  of  Ecuador.     See  Asuay. 

Assuni9fto,  the  Portuguese  name  of  Assumption. 

Assumption*  as-sump'shun,  one  of  the  Ladrone  Is- 


lands, Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  19"  41'  N.;  Ion.  146"»  27'  B. 
It  is  10  miles  in  circuit.     Altitude  of  summit,  2026  feet. 

Assumption,  one  of  the  Aldabra  group  of  islands, 
Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  9°  46'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  34'  E, 

Assnmp'tion  (Sp.  Asuncion,  &-80on-se-5n' ;  Port.  A$- 
sump^do,  is-soom-sCwN"'),  a  city  of  South  America,  capital 
of  Paraguay,  on  the  Paraguay  River,  650  miles  N.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  Lat.  25°  18'  S.;  Ion.  67°  30'  W.  It  is  connected 
by  railway  with  Paraguary.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Founded 
in  1535  by  a  colony  of  Spaniards,  from  its  advantageous 
position  it  became  in  a  few  years  a  city  of  importance.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  government  palace,  a  public  library,  a 
custom-house,  a  military  hospital,  and  a  college.  In  1869 
the  city  was  bombarded  and  plundered  by  the  Brazil- 
ians. The  houses  are  generally  of  brick,  one  story  high, 
and  covered  with  tiles.  Some  of  the  streets  are  paved ;  and 
the  place  presents  a  neat  appearance.  The  inhabitants  trade 
in  tobacco,  hides,  mandioca,  cedar,  and  especially  in  yerha 
mati,  or  Paraguay  tea.     Pop.  25,000. 

Assnmp'tion,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  335  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Grand  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bayou  La  Fourche, 
a  navigable  outlet  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Lake  Verret, 
10  miles  long,  is  situated  in  this  parish.  The  surface  is  low 
and  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Sugar- 
cane, rice,  and  maize  are  the  staple  products.  The  river 
Atchafalaya  flows  through  the  parish  direct  from  N.  to  S., 
dividing  it  into  two  portions,  of  which  the  eastern  is  the 
larger.  Capital,  Napoleonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,234;  in 
1880,  17,010;  in  1890,  19,629. 

Assumption,  a  post-village  of  Christian  oo..  111.,  in 
Assumption  township,  in  a  fine  agricultural  district,  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Decatur,  and  9 
miles  N.  of  Pana.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
school,  mines  of  coal,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  590 ; 
of  township,  1246. 

Assumption,  La.    See  Napoleonville. 

Assumption,  a  county,  village,  and  river  of  Quebec. 
See  L'AssoMPTioN. 

Assunpink  Creek,  New  Jersey.    See  Assanpink. 

Assur,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Assoor. 

Asswan,  Assouan,  or  Assuan,  &s-swln',  ivritten 
also  As^sowan',  Es^souan',  Es^snan',  Es^wan', 
and  Es^ovan',  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Nile,  remarkable  for  its  commerce,  its  picturesque  situ- 
ation, and  the  monuments  of  antiquity  found  in  its  neigh- 
borhood. From  this  place  a  railway  extends  to  a  point 
above  the  first  cataract  of  the  Nile.  Close  to  it,  on  the  south, 
are  the  ruins  of  the  town  built  by  the  Arabs  on  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Syene.     Near  it  are  extensive  syenite-quarries. 

Lat.  24°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  55'  E.     Pop.  3500. Adj.   and 

inhab.  Asswanee,  as-sw^n'ee. 

Assye,  a  village  of  India.     See  Assaye. 

As'synt,  a  very  extensive  maritime  parish  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Sutherland.  In  this  district  the  Marquis  of  Montrosa 
was  defeated  and  taken  prisoner.     Pop.  3006. 

Assyria,  as-slr'e-a,  a  name  which  is  usually  appropri- 
ated to  the  first  of  what  are  known  as  the  four  great  empires 
of  the  world,  but  which  in  geography  is  more  correctly  con- 
fined to  what  was  called  Assyria  Proper,  and  nearly  corre- 
responds  with  the  modern  Eoordistan.  Its  capital  was 
Nineveh,  of  which  the  ancient  ruins  may  still  be  traced 
(see  Nineveh)  ;  but,  though  it  had  many  other  important 

cities,  even  the  sites  of  the  greater  number  are  unknown. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Assyrian,  as-slr'e-an. 

Assyr'ia,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  forming  the  S.E. 

fart  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  about  34  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing. 
t  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1175. 

Astabel  Sherm  Antar,  &s-t&'b$l  sh^Rm  &n^taR',  or 
Istabl  Antar,  is-td.'b'l  in^taR',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  EI 
Hejaz,  on  the  Rod  Sea.  Lat.  26°  24'  N.  Near  it  is  a  good 
anchor  station,  in  a  deep  bay  formed  in  coral  rooks. 

Astaboras,  a  river  of  Nubia.    See  Atbara. 

Astacenus  Sinus.    See  Gulf  of  Isueeo. 

Astacus,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dragouestre. 

Astaffort,  AsHirfoR',  a  town  of  France,  Lot-et-Garonn^ 
on  the  Gers,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  2150. 

Astapa,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Estepa. 

Asta  Fompeia,  an  ancient  name  of  Asti. 

Astara,  &sH&-r&',  a  frontier  town  of  Russia,  in  Georgia, 
upon  the  river  Astara,  which  forms  the  boundary  between 
Russia  and  Persia,  and  on  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Asteil's  (as'tellz')  Island,  oft'  the  N.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, at  the  entrance  of  Arnhem  Bay. 

Asten,  or  Asthen,  is'tfu,  a  village  of  the  Neth«r- 
lands,  in  North  Brabant,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eindhoven. 
Pop.  3198. 


AST 


540 


ASU 


Astene,  is-ti'ni,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders, 
jn  the  Lys,  2  miles  E.  of  Deynze.     Pop.  1430. 

Asterabad)  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Astbabad. 

Asthen,  a  village  of  Holland.    See  Astedt. 

Asti,  is'tee  (anc.  Ag'ta  Pompe'ia),  a  city  of  Italy,  proT- 
ince  of  Atessandria,  near  the  Tanaro,  and  on  the  Turin  & 
Genoa  Railway,  36i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.  Another  rail- 
way connects  it  with  Milan.  The  town  is  surrounded  with 
decaying  walls,  celebrated  for  their  100  towers,  although 
few  of  these  now  remain.  It  is  in  general  badly  built,  al- 
though it  contains  many  noble  mansions ;  the  streets  are 
wide.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  has  a  royal  college,  a  court 
of  justice,  a  school  of  jurisprudence,  several  fine  churches, 
and  a  theological  seminary,  a  rich,  picturesque  building. 
The  cathedral  is  a  venerable  Gothic  building,  in  which  are 
numerous  fine  paintings.  Tho  city  has  some  silk-manufac- 
tories ;  but  there  is  otherwise  little  trade.  Alfieri  was  born 
here  in  the  year  1749.     Pop.  (1892)  33,518. 

Astigi,  an  ancient  name  of  Ecija. 

As'ton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in 
Aston  township,  near  Lenni  and  several  other  railroad 
stations,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  are 
large  cotton-mills.     Pop.  about  800. 

As'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Ralston.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  an  iron-furnace. 

As'tor,  As'tar,  or  Ha'zo,  a  province  of  Cashmere, 
traversed  by  the  Astor  River.  It  lies  between  Bultee  and 
Cashmere  proper,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  Himalaya.  Chief 
town,  Astor,  a  large  village  at  the  junction  of  the  Astor  and 
Haripo  Rivers. 

As'tor,  or  Hasara,  h4's4Vi\  a  river  of  Asia,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Indus  N.  of  the  Himalaya,  joining  it  after  a 
northwestward  course. 

Astorga,  is-toR'gi  (anc.  Astu'rica  Augue'ta),  a  walled 
town  in  Spain,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Leon,  on  the  Tuerto, 
and  on  a  railway.  Pop.  4810.  It  has  an  old  castle,  is  a 
bishop's  see,  with  a  Gothic  cathedral,  convents,  manufac- 
tories of  linen,  cloth,  and  yarn,  and  some  Roman  antiqui- 
ties. Near  it  is  the  Lake  of  Sanabria,  with  the  insular 
castle  of  the  Counts  of  Renavente. 

Asto'ria,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Astoria 
township,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  106  miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  about  60  miles  N.W. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  C  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  news- 
paper ofiBce.     Pop.  about  1250. 

Astoria,  a  former  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
the  East  River,  nearly  5  miles  N.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  now 
constitutes  the  4th  and  5th  wards  of  Long  Island  City. 

Astoria,  a  city  of  Oregon,  a  port  of  entry,  and  the 
capital  of  Clatsop  co.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Co- 
lumbia River,  about  6  miles  from  the  ocean,  70  miles  by 
land  and  about  100  miles  by  river  N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  9  churches,  4  banks  (2  national),  a  hospital  (conducted 
by  the  Sisters  of  Charity),  with  a  government  seaman's 
ward,  and  offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Its  industry  consists  largely  of  the  canning  of 
salmon,  of  which  about  450,000  cases  are  shipped  annually. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6184. 

Astrabad,  is'tri-bid',  Asterabad,  l8H9r-i-ba,d',  a 
city  of  Persia,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  sit- 
uated at  the  foot  of  the  N.  slope  of  the  Blbrooz  range, 
and  on  a  small  stream  which  falls  into  Astrabad  Bay,  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  Caspian,  about  20  miles  below.  It  has  a 
circuit  of  about  3  miles,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  dry  ditch 
and  by  a  mud  wall,  or  mound,  on  which  a  low  parapet,  loop- 
holed  for  musketry,  has  been  erected.  A  great  part  of  the 
town  is  in  ruins,  but  the  parts  still  standing  have  a  lively 
appearance.  The  large  extent  of  open  space  within  the 
town,  laid  out  in  fine  gardens,  is  one  of  its  attractive  fea- 
tures. The  manufactures  are  chiefly  confined  to  a  few  silk 
and  cotton  stufis.  It  has  several  mosques,  schools,  bazaars, 
and  caravansaries,  and  a  telegraph-station.  Its  pestilential 
atmosphere  has  procured  for  it  tne  ominous  surname  of  City 
of  the  Plague.  During  the  summer  rains,  no  inhabitant 
whose  circumstances  enable  him  to  depart  remains  within 
it.    Astrabad  is  always  governed  by  a  prince.    Pop.  20,000. 

Astrabad  (anc.  Hyrca'nia),  a  small  but  fertile  and  well- 
wooded  province  of  Persia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Caspian. 
It  is  a  beautiful  land,  but  is  very  sickly,  and  exposed  to 
severe  Turcoman  raids.  It  is  regarded  as  the  most  loyal  of 
the  provinces.   Capital,  Astrabad. 

Astrakhan,  as-tr&-Kd,n',  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  a 
government  of  its  own  name,  on  an  elevated  island  in  the 
Volga,  about  30  miles  from  its  embouchure  in  the  Caspian 
Sea.  Lat.  46°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  0'  E.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  with  crooked  streets,  mostly  unpaved  and  dirty.  The 
Rtreets  and  canals  are  bordered  by  trees.    The  public  build- 


ings of  note  are  the  archiepiscopal  palace,  the  government 
ofBces,  and  the  factory  halls  for  the  Russian,  Asiatic,  and 
Hindoo  merchants.  Astrakhan  is  the  seat  of  Greek  and 
Armenian  archbishops.  It  contains  a  high  court  of  civil 
and  criminal  jurisdiction,  a  theological  seminary,  a  botanic 
garden,  a  gymnasium,  a  fine  cathedral,  and  several  mosques 
and  heathen  temples.  The  manufactures  are  consideraole. 
The  fisheries  form  the  staple  trade  of  the  city,  immense 
quantities  of  fish,  caviare,  and  isinglass  being  exported  to 
foreign  countries.  In  the  fishing-season  from  20,000  to 
30,000  persons  connected  with  the  fisheries  resort  to  the  city. 
The  haven  of  Astrakhan  is  now  so  sanded  up  as  to  leave 
only  six  feet  depth  of  water ;  so  that  large  vessels  have  to 
land  their  cargoes  on  an  island  nearer  the  Caspian.  Steam- 
boats are  employed  on  the  river.  Pop.  (estimated)  95,338. 
Adj.  and  inhab,  Astrakhanese,  is-tri-kan-eez'. 

Astrakhan,  a  government  of  Russia  in  Europe,  ok 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  between  lat.  44°  40' 
and  49°  46'  N.,  Ion.  43°  5'  and  51°  5'  E.,  having  the 
Maloi  Dozen  for  its  N.E.  boundary,  and  the  Manitch  for 
its  S.W.  It  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
Volga,  which  traverses  it  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  Its  coast-line 
is  about  620  miles  in  length,  and  is  crowded  throughout  its 
whole  extent  with  small  islands,  rocks,  and  shifting  sand- 
banks. The  entire  length  of  the  province  is  370  miles,  its 
greatest  breadth  250.  Area,  86,340  square  miles.  It  con- 
sists wholly  of  two  vast  steppes  or  plains,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  Volga.  The  soil  consists  generally  of 
mud,  salt,  and  sand  intermixed,  and  in  some  parts  of  ex- 
tensive salt  marshes,  rendering  it  a  sterile  waste,  destitute 
of  wood.  A  few  fertile  tracts  are  met  with  on  the  Volga, 
including  some  excellent  pastures.  Here  com  is  grown, 
with  fruits,  herds,  vines,  tobacco,  and  cotton.  Salt  lakes 
and  pools  are  numerous  throughout  the  province ;  the  largest 
of  the  former,  Baskoochatskoe,  is  situated  E.  of  the  Volga, 
and  is  about  12  miles  in  length  and  5  in  breadth.  The  fish- 
eries of  the  Volga  and  Caspian  are  of  great  value.  Many 
thousand  persons  are  employed  in  taking  fish,  chiefly  stur- 
geon ;  from  the  roe  and  bladder  large  quantities  of  isinglass 
and  caviare  are  manufactured.     Pop.  (estimated)  833,276. 

Astropalia,  an  island  of  the  ^gean.    See  Staupalia. 

Astros,  &s'tros,  or  Astro,  &s'tro,  a  town  of  Greece, 
in  Arcadia,  15  miles  S.  of  Argos,  on  the  Gulf  of  Nauplia. 

Astndillo,  &s-too-Deel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  town 
hall,  a  convent,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  4500. 

Astnra,  &s-too'r&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome, 
on  a  peninsula  in  the  Mediterranean  (anc.  In'sula  Aetu'rK), 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Astura,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Rome. 
It  has  a  small  harbor,  and  a  lofty  tower,  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  villa  of  Cicero,  near  whicn  he  was  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Antony,  B.C.  43. 

Astnrias,  is-too're-is  (Fr.  Xe«  AaturieH,  liz  4s^tU*ree'), 
an  ancient  division  of  Spain  (now  included  principally  in 
the  modem  province  of  0  viedo),  was  formerly  the  kingdom  of 
Asturia,  and  the  only  part  unconquered  by  the  Moors.  It 
was  inhabited  by  a  race  who  maintained  their  independence 
against  the  Carthaginians,  but  were  subdued  by  the  Romans 
in  the  time  of  Augustus.  After  the  fall  of  the  Roman  em 
pire,  Spain  was  overrun  by  the  Goths  and  Vandals.  Upon 
the  Moorish  invasion,  at  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  cen- 
tury, the  mountains  of  Asturias  again  became  the  refuge  of 
those  who  still  struggled  against  the  enemies  of  Spain; 
Pelayo  was  elected  king,  and  shortly  after  defeated  the 
Moors  at  Covadonga,  in  a  battle  which  may  be  considered  as 
the  inauguration  of  the  sanguinary  struggle  which  lasted 
for  eight  centuries  and  ended  in  the  final  expulsion  of  the 
Moors.  In  1388  it  became  a  principality,  and  was  ap- 
pointed appanage  of  the  heir  to  the  Spanish  throne,  who 
also  has  the  title  of  Prince  of  Asturias.  A  remarkable 
security  of  person  and  property  has  long  existed  in  this 
country ;  and  one  consequence  is  that  the  peasantry,  instead 
of  congregating  in  walled  towns  for  protection,  live  in  small 
farms,  and  often  own  the  land  which  they  cultivate.  The 
patois  spoken  by  the  peasantry  differs  from  the  Galician, 
and  is  called  Bable.  Travelling  in  Asturias  is  performed  on 
mule-  orhorsebtwjk,  the  roads  being  impassable  to  carriages. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Astukian,  as-too're-an. 

Astarica  Augnsta,  an  ancient  name  of  Astorga. 

Asnay,  or  Assnay,  &s-soo-i'  or  &s-swi',  a  department 
of  Ecuador,  length  about  644  miles,  breadth  about  276 
miles.  It  lies  on  the  E.  slope  and  to  the  E.  of  the  Andes, 
and  stretches  E.  over  the  immeasurable  plains  of  the  Ama- 
zon to  the  Orinoco  and  the  confines  of  Brazil.  The  W.  part 
is  covered  by  the  paramo  or  desert  of  Asuay,  whence  the 
department  is  named.  This  paramo  is  a  desert  mass  of 
mountains  running  E.  and  W.,  joining  the  two  N.  and  S- 


I 


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541 


ATC 


parallel  ranges  of  mountaina,  and  forms  the  S.  boundary 
of  the  plateau  of  Quito.  The  department  is  watered  by 
numerous  affluents  of  the  Amazon.     Pop.  149,103. 

Asnncion,  i-soon-se-5n',  or  Nueva  Esparta,  nwi'- 
vi  es-paR'tA,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Nueva  Esparta,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Margarita. 
Pop.  2758. 

Asuncion.    See  Assumption. 

Asuri,  the  Hindoo  for  Ossoree. 

Aswab'anon,  or  Ashwau'banon,  a  township  of 
Brown  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fox  River.     Pop.  385. 

As^wad',  or  Ass&ouad,  as^saw'wid^  a  great  oasis  of 
the  Sahara,  6  days'  journey  N.  of  Timbuctoo.  It  is  peopled 
by  Arabs,  who  speak  an  African  language  and  are  suoject  to 
Timbuctoo. 

Aswada,  a  river  of  Guinea.    See  Volta. 

Asylum ;  a-si'lum,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 
Here  is  the  New  Jersey  Lunatic  Asylum. 

Asylum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Asylum 
township,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Towanda.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Susquehanna  River.     Pop.  1155. 

Asyr,  a  state  of  Arabia.    See  Aseer. 

Aszalo,  os^si-lo',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Kasohau.     Pop.  1600. 

Aszod,  Ss'sod^  a  town  of  Hungary,  22  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2553. 

Atabapo,  i-ti-bi'po,  a  considerable  river  of  Venezuela, 
rises  in  lat.  3°  10'  N.,  Ion.  66°  44'  W.,  flows  nearly  W.  for 
about  70  or  80  miles,  then  turning  N.  falls  into  the  Orinoco 
at  San  Fernando.     Length,  about  140  miles. 

Atacama,  &-t&-k&'m&,  the  northernmost  province  of 
Chili,  is  bounded  by  Bolivia  and  the  Argentine  Republic 
on  the  E.,  by  the  province  of  Coquimbo  on  the  S.,  and  by  the 
Pacific  on  the  W.  It  consists  mainly  of  desert  plains  and 
arid  hills ;  but  in  the  S.  and  among  the  Andes  there  aro 
fertile  valleys.  The  province  has  rich  mines  of  gold,  cop- 
per, and  silver, — the  two  latter  metals  being  produced  in 
great  abundance.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railways. 
Capital,  Copiap6.  Area,  according  to  the  official  estimate 
of  1889,  43,180  square  miles.     Pop.  66,067. 

Atacama,  a  former  department  of  Bolivia,  which  ex- 
tended from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific,  covering  a  desert 
region,  rich  in  silver-mines,  and  producing  salt  and  sodic 
nitrate.  With  the  department  of  Mejillones  it  formed 
prior  to  the  war  of  1879-80  the  entire  seaboard  of  Bolivia. 

Atacames,  3,-ti-ki'm5s,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Ecua- 
dor, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Esmeraldas. 

A'tahnam  or  At'tenam  River,  a  considerable  af- 
fluent of  the  Yakima  River,  in  the  S.E.  of  Washington 
Territory. 

Ataki,  &-t&'kee,  a  town  of  Bessarabia,  European  Russia, 
on  the  Dniester,  opposite  Moheelev.    Pop.  about  7000. 

Atalanta,  a  village  and  gulf  in  Greece.    See  Talanda. 

Atalaya,  &-ti-U'i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Alagoas,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Alagoas  River.     Pop.  2000. 

Atalaya,  a  fort  of  Brazil,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Parfi,  on  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  mouth  of  the  ParS  River. 

Atalaya,  &-t3,-lI'&,  atown  of  the  island  of  Gran  Canaria, 
near  Las  Palmas,  the  habitations  of  which  are  excavated  in 
regular  terraces  on  the  side  of  Mt.  San  Antonio.    Pop.  2000. 

At^alis'sa,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Goshen  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Atalla,  a  village  of  Alabama.     See  Attalla. 

Atanjaiya,  a  town  and  river'of  Peru.    See  Jauja. 

Atany,  6hH8,n',  a  village  of  Hungary,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Hgvcs.     Pop.  2783  (Calvinists). 

Ataraipu,  9,-ti-ri-poo'  (the  "devil's  rock"),  a  remark- 
able isolated  pyramidal  granitic  peak  in  British  Guiana, 
lat.  2°  55'  N.,  Ion.  58°  48'  W.  For  350  feet  above  its  base 
the  mountain  is  wooded,  and  for  550  feet  more  it  rises  in  a 
pyramidal  form,  destitute  of  vegetation. 

Atarfe,  ^-taR'fi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Santa  F6.     Pop.  2093. 

Atasarai,  i-ti'sS,-ri',  or  IsMampoor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  30  miles  S.  of  Patna.  It  has  a  great 
trade  in  produce,  and  especially  in  tobacco.     Pop.  4621. 

At^asco'sa,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atascosa  River,  and  tne  San  Miguel  River  crosses  its  S.W. 
portion.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  large  herds  of 
cattle.  Capital,  Pleasanton.  Pop.  in  1870,  2915 ;  in  1880, 
4217 ;  in  1890,  6459. 


Atascosa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  18  milea 

S.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Atascosa  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  runs 
southeastward  through  Atascosa  co.,  and  enters  the  Rio 
Frio  3  or  4  miles  from  its  mouth.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Atash-Khouda,  Atash-Kudda.    See  Atesh-Ga. 

Atanai,  i-tSw-i',  or  Tauai,  t6w-i',  also  written  Al 
Kaui,  Kauai,  Atooi,  and  Atui,  one  of  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  lat.  22°  8'  N.,  Ion.  159°  20'  W.,  about  240  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Hawaii.  It  is  of  an  oval  form,  40  miles  long, 
and  more  than  24  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  Area,  780 
square  miles.     Pop.  4961. 

Ataun,  &-t5wn',  a  decayed  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Guipuzcoa,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tolosa.     Pop.  278. 

Atax,  the  ancient  name  of  Avde. 

Atbara,  it-bi'ri,  a  territory  of  Nubia,  sometimes  called 
the  island  of  Meroe,  it  being  partially  insulated  by  the  river 
Atbara  on  the  N.E.,  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  on  the  W.  and  S.W., 
and  the  Nile  on  the  N.W. 

Atbara  (anc.  Aatab'oras),  a  river  of  Northeastern  Af- 
rica, rises  in  Abyssinia  near  Lake  Dembea,  and  runs  in  a 
N.N.W.  direction.  It  receives  a  large  affluent  named  Tacazze, 
traverses  Southern  Nubia,  and  enters  the  Nile  at  Ed-Damer. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles.  It  is  the  last  tributary 
that  the  Nile  receives.  The  Khedive  of  Egypt  has  con- 
structed a  barrage  or  dam  across  the  Atbara,  near  its  mouth, 
to  regulate  the  floods  of  the  region,  and  especially  to  exclude 
the  Nile  flood  from  the  crops  of  the  Atbara  Valley. 

Atbo,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Edfoo. 

Atcha,  an  Aleutian  island.     See  Atea. 

Atchafalaya  (atch-af-a-ll'a)  Bayou,  Louisiana,  is 
an  outlet  of  the  Red  River  or  of  the  Mississippi.  It  origi- 
nates at  the  N.  end  of  Point  Coupee  parish,  where  the  Red 
River  enters  the  Mississippi.  It  runs  nearly  southward  to 
Chetimaches  Lake,  from  the  south  end  of  which  it  issues 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  (Atchafalaya  Bay)  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  Length,  about  220 
miles.  It  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  In  times  of  inunda- 
tion part  of  the  water  of  the  Mississippi  is  discharged  through 
this  channel.  There  is  danger  that  the  Red  River,  which 
now  discharges  a  part  of  its  waters  through  the  Atchafalaya, 
may  make  it  the  principal  outlet ;  and  indeed  it  is  believed 
that  this  bayou  was  once  a  part  of  the  Red  River. 

Atchak,  or  Atcham,  an  Aleutian  island.     See  Atka. 

Atchera,  3,t-chi'ri,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Bom- 
bay, on  the  Malabar  coast,  55  miles  N.  of  Goa. 

Atchin,  or  Atcheen,  East  Indies.     See  Acheen. 

Atchinsk,  8.-cheensk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Yeniseisk,  75  miles  W.  of  Krasnoyarsk,  on  the  Choolim. 

Atchinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  city  of  that  name. 

Atch'ison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  423  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Grasshopper 
or  Delaware  Creek.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  The  county  contains  a  large  proportion 
of  prairie  (about  90  per  cent.),  and  is  liberally  supplied 
with  timber  and  building-stone  (limestone).  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  It  has 
extensive  brick-making  plants,  producing  pressed  and  vitri- 
fied bricks  for  shipment.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
several  railroads,  which  are  noticed  under  Atchison  city, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,507;  in  1880,  26,668;  in 
1890,  26,758. 

Atchison,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nodaway,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Nishnabatona 
and  Tarkio  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  contains  ex- 
tensive prairies,  among  which  groves  or  forests  are  dis- 
tributed. The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork, 
and  live-stock.  It  is  traversed  by  two  divisions  of  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  So  Council  Blufis  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Rockport.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,556 ;  in  1890,  15.533. 

Atchison,  a  city  of  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Atonison  co., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  35  miles  above  Leavenworth,  and  35  miles  below  St. 
Joseph.  It  is  at  an  elevation  of  1000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  Lat.  39°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  10'  W.  Mean  annual  tem- 
perature, 52°.  By  railroad  it  is  21  miles  from  Leavenworth, 
and  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Topeka.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  the  N.W.  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  B. 
terminus  of  the,  Atchison  A  Nebraska  Railroad  and  of  the 
central  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  also  the 
£.  terminus  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F^  Railroad 


ATC 


542 


ATH 


which  extends  480  miles  to  Granada,  Colorado.  Another 
railroad  passing  along  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  con- 
nects it  with  St.  Joseph,  Ac.  On  the  8  railroads  that  meet 
here  72  trains  arrive  and  depart  daily,  of  which  48  are  pas- 
senger trains.  The  quantity  of  freight  received  by  rail  in 
one  year  is  about  770,000,000  pounds.  Atchison  is  the  fifth 
city  of  the  state  in  population.  It  has  12  churches,  several 
public  halls,  3  national  banks,  3  state  banics,  a  large  and 
fine  central  school-house,  2  Catholic  colleges,  a  convent,  2 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  several  large  hotels,  4 
flouring-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  gas-works,  several  machine- 
shops  and  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  furni- 
ture, carriages,  candy^  steam-engines,  <fcc.  A  fine  iron 
bridge  across  the  river  connects  the  city  with  several  rail- 
roads which  terminate  on  the  eastern  bank.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7064;  in  1875,  12,146;  in  1880,  16,106;  in  1890,  13,963. 

AtchisoU)  a  township  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  1219. 

Atchison*  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  the  village  of  Claysville.  It  has  several 
shops  and  general  stores. 

Atchison  Junction,  a  post-ofBce  of  Platte  cc,  Mo., 
on  the  S.W.  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Atchison  Branch,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Leavenworth. 

Atchouief,  i-choo-ySf,  or  Atschiyew,  4-choo-yfiv', 
a  small  port  in  Russia,  on  the  Sea  of  Azof,  about  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Yekaterinodar. 

Atchu,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Atka. 

Atchiueflf,  4-choo-yfiflf,  or  Atchn,  i-choo',  an  island 
of  Russia,  in  the  Strait  of  Yenikale. 

At'co,  a  post- village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Cam- 
den &  Atlantic  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  New  Jer- 
sey Southern  Railroad  (Atsion  &  Atco  Branch)  and  with 
the  Williamstown  Railroad,  20  miles  S.B.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  glafis-factory,  and  a  steam  saw-milL 

Ateca,  4-t4'k8,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  5  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Calatayud,  on  the  Jalon.     Pop.  3241. 

Ategerat,  l-t^h-gh^r-it',  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state  of 
Tigre,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Antalo.     Pop.  2200. 

Ateibeh,  Attehe,  i-t^'b^h,  or  OtSba,  o-t&'b&,  a 
large  and  important  tribe  of  Bedouin  Arabs,  whose  terri- 
tories stretch  from  near  Mecca  to  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Ateleta,  k-ti-lk'ti,,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  2619. 

Atella,  i-til'll,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.  of  Melfi,  on 
the  Atella,  an  affluent  of  the  Ofanto.     Pop.  2466. 

Atena,  i-t&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  45 
miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2841. 

Aterni  and  Aternum,  ancient  names  of  Pesgara. 

AternO)  i-tfiR'no  (anc.  Ater'nua),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises 
in  the  Apennines,  and  flows  into  the  Adriatic  at  Pescara. 
Length,  80  miles.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Gizio  it  is  called 
the  Pescara. 

Atesh-Ga,  Atech-Gah,  Atach-Gah,  9,'t9sh-g&', 
Atesh-Kooda^or  Atash-Khonda,  i'tesh-koo'dS.  (the 
"  place  of  fire"),  a  spot  on  the  peninsula  of  Apsheron,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Caspian,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bakoo,  the 
object  of  numerous  pilgrimages  by  the  Guebers,  who  wor- 
ship the  fire  which  issues  from  it  by  the  ignition  of  the 
naphtha  with  which  the  soil  is  impregnated.  Atesh-(Ja  is 
about  one  mile  in  diameter,  and  from  its  centre,  when  the 
weather  is  dry,  is  emitted  a  yellowish-blue  flame. 

Atessa,  3,-tfis's4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Vasto.  It  has  a  beautiful  collegiate  church, 
several  convents,  a  hospital,  and  monta-de-piiti.    Pop.  9579. 

Ateste,  the  ancient  name  of  Este. 

Atfeh,  it^fSh',  a  village  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  W. 
branch  of  the  Nile,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mahmoodeeyeh 
Canal,  88  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Cairo. 

Atfeh,  or  Atneh,  Jt-fee',  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile,  40  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cairo,  supposed  to  be 
near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Aphroditop'olia.    Pop.  4000. 

At'glenS  a  post-borough  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Chester 
Valley,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Phil- 
adelphia. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry, 
mill,  <fcc.     It  was  formerly  called  Penningtonville.    P.  400. 

Ath)  or  Aathy  S,t,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  on  the  Dender,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railways, 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Toumay.  Pop.  8206.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  a  college,  school  of  design,  orphan  asylum,  town 
hall,  and  various  manufactures. 

Ath^abas'ca,  or  Lake  of  the  Hills,  a  lake  of  the 
North-West  Territories,  Canada,  is  situated  180  miles  S.W. 
of  Slave  Lake.  Lat.  59°  N. ;  Ion.  106°-112°  W.  It  is  230 
miles  in  length,  and  averages  14  miles  in  width.  Near  its 
S.W.  extremity  it  receives  the  Athabasca  River.  It  dis- 
charges its  waters  northward  by  Slave   River,  communi- 


cating through  Slave  Lake  and  Mackenzie  River  with  the 
Polar  Sea.  The  shores  of  the  Athabasca  to  the  northward 
are  high  syenitic  rock  ;  those  to  the  southward  are  alluvial, 
but  advancing  eastwardly  they  rise  into  barren  sandy  hills 
perfectly  divested  of  vegetable  growth.  Near  the  lake  are 
mission  settlements.  This  lake  is  known  as  Lake  of  the 
Mountains  (Fr.  Lac  des  Montagnea,  14k  d4  m6NoH42.'). 

Athabasca,  or  Big  Athabasca,  a  river  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  Canada,  draws  its  waters  from  the  glaciers 
of  Mount  Brown,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  and  also 
from  a  height,  called  the  Miette  (me-4t'),  not  far  from  the 
Leather  or  Yellow  Head  Pass.  Length,  a  little  under  1000 
miles.  The  river  is  tortuous,  and  has  a  N.E.  course,  and  its 
valley  is  reported  to  offer  a  great  extent  of  arable  land.  It 
flows  into  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Athabasca  Lake. 

Athabasca,  a  district  of  the  North-West  Territories, 
Canada,  between  66°  and  60"  N.  lat.  and  111°  and  120° 
W.  Ion.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  Alberta,  and  W.  by  British 
Columbia.     Area,  122,000  square  miles. 

Atha'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  is  10  miles 
from  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Athani,  a  town  of  India.     See  Huttany. 

Athapas'ka,  or  Tin'neh,  a  stock  or  group  of  North 
American  Indian  tribes,  embracing  the  Chippewyans,  Dog 
Ribs,  Coppermines,  Strongbows,  Hares,  and  many  other 
tribes  of  British  America ;  also  the  Kootanies,  Carriers,  .<fcc., 
of  the  Pacific  coast,  and  many  of  the  Alaska  Indians.  They 
are  represented  in  the  S.  by  the  Apaches,  Lipans,  Navajoes, 
and  some  Mexican  tribes.  The  languages  of  these  tribes 
are  regarded  as  branches  of  a  common  stem,  but  the  limits 
of  the  group  are  as  yet  not  well  defined. 

Athboy',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Meath,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Boyne,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Trim.     Pop.  881. 

Ath'elney,  a  small  tract  of  about  100  acres  in  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bridgewater,  and  formerly 
an  island  at  the  junction  of  the  Tone  and  Parrot  Rivers. 
Here  Alfred  the  Great  took  refuge  during  the  Danish  inva- 
sion, and  founded  an  abbey,  about  the  year  888. 

Ath'elstan,  or  St.  Michael,  a  post-village  in  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Quebec,  5^  miles  from  Huntingdon.     Pop.  150. 

Ath'elstane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  16 
miles  N.  of  Abilene. 

Athe'na,  a  post-borough  of  Umatilla  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
two  railroads,  42  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has 
4  church  organizations,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  495. 

Athens,  ath'enz  (anc.  Athe'nte,  Gr.  'Afl^vat,  pronounced 
by  the  modem  Greeks  i-thee'ni),  the  capital  of  Greece,  and 
not  only  for  ages  the  centre  of  European  civilization,  but 
still,  in  many  respects,  to  the  scholar  and  the  artist,  the 
most  interesting  city  in  the  world.  Its  site,  magnificent 
for  scenery,  is  about  4  miles  N.E.  of  the  Gulf  of  ^gina,  in 
an  extensive  plain,  watered  by  the  Ilissus  and  Cephissus, 
and  surrounded  by  hills  on  all  sides,  except  towards  the 
sea,  where  it  gives  a  fine  view  of  the  gulf  and  numerous 
islands.  This  plain  is  broken  by  ridges  of  limestone,  sev 
eral  of  which,  with  their  intervening  valleys,  are  partly  oc 
cupied  by  the  city ;  while  the  highest  of  them  rises  pre- 
cipitously and  forms  the  Acropolis  or  citadel.  The  chief 
approaches  to  Athens  are  one  on  the  W.,  by  way  of  Elensis, 
over  a  well-made  carriage  road,  in  a  plain  remarkable  for 
the  luxuriant  beauty  of  its  oleanders ;  and  another  on  the 
S.W.,  by  the  harbor  of  Piraeus,  along  a  tract  which  is  now 
covered  with  vineyards,  olive-yards,  and  fig-plantations.  A 
railway  7  miles  long  extends  from  Athens  to  the  Piraeus, 
built  along  one  of  the  famous  "  long  walls ;"  for  in  its  most 
prosperous  days  Athens  enclosed  a  large  space,  including  not 
only  the  city  proper,  but  also  a  long,  narrow  suburb,  stretch- 
ing continuously  to  the  Piraeus,  and  was  surrounded  by 
walls  which  had  a  circuit  of  nearly  20  miles.  Parts  of 
these  walls  still  remain,  particularly  on  the  S.  and  W. 

Athens  had  once  two  other  ports,  both  near,  namely, 
Munychia  and  Zea ;  and  the  harbor  of  Phaleron  was  at  one 
time  more  important  than  either  of  these ;  but  as  the  Piraeus 
became  the  seat  of  commerce  their  importance  declined. 

The  Acropolis,  or  ancient  centre  of  Athens,  on  which  most 
of  its  noblest  monuments  are  placed,  is  an  isolated,  rocky 
height,  rising  150  feet  above  the  adjacent  plain,  and  1138 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  summit  is  enclosed  by 
walls  2330  yards  in  circuit.  The  modern  city  is  built  mostly 
on  its  W.  and  N.  sides.  The  palace  at  the  foot  of  Mount 
Lycabettus  is  a  quadrangular  Duilding,  300  feet  in  length 
by  280  in  breadth,  with  two  internal  courts,  a  portico  of 
Pentelic  marble,  and  richly-decorated  apartments.  The 
university  (founded  in  1836),  a  fine  modem  building,  con- 
tains an  anatomical  theatre,  a  library  of  120,000  volumes, 
and  has  60  professors  and  teachers,  and  1300  students.  Ther« 


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are,  besides,  a  gymnasium,  a  military  knd  an  eoolesiastical 
academy,  a  polytechnic  school,  a  seminary  for  teachers,  a 
botanic  garden,  barracks,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  a 
cathedral,  an  English  chapel,  Protestant  and  Greek  ceme- 
teries, a  royal  mint,  a  chamber  of  representatives,  a  theatre, 
and  an  observatory.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  sovereign, 
and  the  seat  of  Greek  and  Latin  archbishops.  One  of  the 
most  important  institutions  is  the  Arsakeon,  a  seminary 
with  an  average  attendance  of  1000  girls.  There  are  also 
other  large  and  excellent  schools. 

Athens  has  few  manufactures,  and  no  important  trade, 
though  it  has  an  excellent  harbor,  called  by  its  ancient 
name  of  Piraeus.  It  is  very  deep  and  capacious,  forming  a 
large  basin,  which  is  somewhat  difficult  of  entrance.  Pi- 
raeus itself,  instead  of  being  a  mere  suburb,  is  now  an  im- 
portant town.     It  has  been  almost  entirely  built  since  1834. 

The  city  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  Cecrops,  B.C. 
1550;  it  fell  to  Rome,  B.C.  86;  since  then  it  has  belonged 
successively  to  Goths,  Byzantines,  Burgundians,  Franks, 
Catalans,  Florentines,  Venetians,  and  Turks.  Principal 
antiquities,  the  Acropolis,  or  ancient  citadel,  surmounted  by 
the  Parthenon,  an  edifice  of  white  marble,  228  feet  in  length 
by  100  feet  in  breadth,  and  still  tolerably  perfect ;  the  Erech- 
theum,  a  building  90  feet  in  length ;  remains  of  the  Tem- 
ple of  the  Wingless  Victory  (restored) ;  the  Propylaea,  or 
grand  entrance  in  front  of  the  foregoing  temples ;  and  the 
theatre  of  Herodes  Atticus,  at  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  Acrop- 
olis. N.  of  the  Areopagus  is  the  Temple  of  Theseus,  one  of 
the  most  perfect  monuments  of  ancient  Athens,  having  34 
remaining  Doric  columns  outside,  and  containing  a  rich 
museum  of  antiquities.  Other  interesting  points  are  the 
Areopagus,  or  Mars'  Hill,  where  St.  Paul  addressed  the 
Athenians;  the  Pnyx,  where  popular  meetings  were  held; 
the  Eleusinium;  the  prison  of  Socrates,  and  Tower  of  the 
Winds ;  vestiges  of  the  Temple  and  Theatre  of  Bacchus,  the 
Grotto  of  Apollo  and  Pan,  and  the  extensive  Roman  baths. 
Outside  of  the  city,  16  Corinthian  columns,  60  feet  in  height, 
on  a  raised  platform,  remain  of  the  temple  of  Jupiter 
Olympius,  and  near  the  Ilissus  the  stadium,  or  ancient 
race-course,  is  still  traceable.  Athens  became  the  seat  of 
the  Greek  government  (removed  hither  from  Nauplia)  in 
1835.  Pop.  in  1879,  63,374;  in  1884,  84,903.  Athens  was 
named  in  honor  of  Minerva  (in  Gr.  'k.Or^v■(\,  Athene),  who 

was  regarded  as  the  tutelary  goddess  of  the  city. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Athenian,  ^-thee'ne-an. 

Ath'ens,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  borders 
on  West  Virginia.  Area,  about  475  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Hocking  River,  which  enters  the  Ohio  River 
in  this  county,  and  it  is  drained  by  Shade  River  and  Federal 
and  Sunday  Creeks.  The  Ohio  River  forms  its  southeastern 
boundary  for  4  or  5  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  diver- 
sified with  several  broad  and  beautiful  valleys ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  buckeye,  chestnut,  hickory, 
white  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  one- 
third  of  its  area.  Indian  com,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  butter, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Many  mines  of  good 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which 
also  has  plenty  of  carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Marietta,  Columbus  &  Northern,  the  Columbus, 
Hocking  Valley  &  Toledo,  the  Kanawha  &  Ohio,  and  the 
Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Railroads.  Capital,  Athens.  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,768;  in  1880,  28,411;  in  1890,  35,194. 

Athens,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  (Tenn.)  with  Mont- 
gomery, 108  miles  S.  of  Nashville,  and  14  miles  N.  of  De- 
catur. It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches  (4  white,  5  colored), 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and  cotton-mills, 
and  is  the  seat  of  a  Methodist  female  college  and  of  the 
State  Agricultural  School.     Pop.  in  1890,  940. 

Athens*  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.    See  Rahbr. 

Athens*  a  city,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Oconee  River,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Athens  Branch  of 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  92  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta,  and  70 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  also  the  S.E.  terminus  of 
the  Northeastern  Railroad.  Mean  annual  temperature,  60°. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Georgia  (non-sectarian), 
which  was  founded  by  the  state  in  1801  and  has  16  pro- 
fessors and  a  library  of  about  20,000  volumes.  Here  is  also 
the  "  Georgia  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts,"  which  was  organized  in  1872.  Athens  contains  a 
city  hall,  a  court-house,  the  Franklin  College,  12  churches, 
4  banks,  printing-offices,  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers, 
2  or  3  cotton-factories,  1  foundry,  1  flour-mill,  1  manufac- 
tory of  furniture,  Ac,  besides  a  female  institute  and  a 
home  school  for  girls.  It  is  an  important  market  of  cotton 
of  which  about  25,000  bales  are  received  here  annually. 
Pop.  in  1890.  8639. 


Athens*  a  village  of  Cook  co..  111.    See  Lxmoht. 

Athens*  a  hamlet  of  Embarras  township,  Edgar  oo., 
111.,  i  mile  from  Isabel  Station. 

Athens*  a  post-village  of  Menard  co..  111.,  on  the  San- 
gamon River,  and  on  the  Jacksonville  and  Southeastern 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Springfield.  It  has  S 
churches,  a  bank,  2  coal  companies,  and  a  newspaper  offioo. 
Pop.  in  1890,  944. 

Athens*  or  New  Athens*  a  village  of  St.  Clair  oo., 
HI.,  on  the  Easkaskia  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Belle- 
ville &  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  New  Athens.   Pop.  (1890)  624. 

Athens*  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  about  100 
miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Athens*  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Lexington  to  Mt.  Sterling,  8  miles  S.E.  from 
Lexington.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Athens*  a  post- village  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Athens*  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Athens 
township,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Kennebec  River.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
The  township  has  several  lumber-mills.   Pop.  in  1890, 1072. 

Athens*  a  post- village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on  Notto- 
way River,  17  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  banks,  Indian  basket-works,  a  grist-mill,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  441 ;  of  the  township,  1469. 

Athens*  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Aberdeen. 

Athens*  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.  The  trains 
of  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad  run  along  the  oppo- 
site bank  of  the  river.  Athens  is  i  mile  from  Croton  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Athens*  a  township  of  Gentry  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  2211. 

Athens*  a  post-town  of  Greene  oo.,  N.T.,  is  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  city  of  Hudson, 
and  28  miles  S.  of  Albany.  A  steam  ferry-boat  plies  be- 
tween this  place  and  Hudson.  Helderberg  limestone  is 
quarried  here  and  burned  for  lime.  The  village  has  7 
churches,  2  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  earthenware,  brick,  and  ship-building.  It  is  the  southern 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2024 ;  of  Athens  township,  2876. 

Athens*  a  post- village,  capital  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  76 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Mari- 
etta. It  is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the  Columbus,  Hock- 
ing Valley  &  Toledo  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Ohio 
University,  founded  by  the  state  in  1804,  and  of  a  state 
asylum  for  the  insane.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  It  has  1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  5 
churches;  also  2  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, machinery,  and  water-wheels.  Pop.  in  1880,2457; 
in  1890,  2650;  of  township  in  1890,  5016. 

Athens*  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.    Pop.  1232. 

Athens*  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  is  on  th« 
right  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  2  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Chemung,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  and  15  miles  N. 
of  Towanda.  It  is  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Erie  Railroad.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  6  churches,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  a  tannery,  a  steam  brewery,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture,  iron  bridges,  and  farm-implements.  Pop.  in 
1890,  .3274;  of  township,  4748. 

Athens*  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1317. 

Athens*  a  post-village,  capital  of  MoMinn  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  55 
miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  56  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  and  3  weekly  newspaper 
offices.  Here  is  the  U.  S.  Grant  University.  Athens  also 
has  an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  6  churches,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2224. 

Athens*  a  post-town,  capital  of  Henderson  oo.,  Tex., 
about  190  miles  N.N.E.  of  Austin  City,  and  36  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Palestine.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1880,  368;  in  1890,  1035. 

Athens*  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Brattleborough.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  295. 

Athens*  a  post-village  of  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  situated 
W.  of  Brockville,  on  the  Brookville,  Westport  4  Sault  Sainte 
Marie  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1000. 

Athens  Junction*  a  station  in  Schenectady  oo.,  N.T., 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Sohenoo- 
tady,  at  the  junction  o£  the  Athens  Branch  Railroad. 


aTH 


544 


ATL 


Ath'ensTille,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  111.,  in  Mount 
S  iry  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
a  town  hall,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  general  stores. 

AthensTillef  Pa.    See  Ardmore. 

Ath'erley,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Simcoe,  with  a  station  on  the  Northern  Railroad 
(Muskoka  Branch),  3  miles  from  Orillia.  It  contains  saw-, 
grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Ath'erstone,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  and 
on  a  railway,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Tamworth.     Pop.  3667. 

Ath'erton,  or  Chow'bent,  a  town  of  England,  in 
Lancashire,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bolton.  Pop.  7531,  mostly 
employed  in  collieries,  cotton-factories,  and  iron-works. 

Ath'erton,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  in  Otter 
Creek  township,  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  <fc  Chicago 
Railroad,  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  150. 

AthesiS)  the  Roman  name  of  the  Adige. 

Athgnrh,  Athgarh,  ath'gur',  or  Aut^gur',  a  native 
territory  of  Orissa,  India,  on  the  Mahanuddy.  Area,  121 
square  miles.     It  is  subject  to  great  floods.     Pop.  26,366. 

Athis,  iHee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ome,  on 
the  Paris  <fe  Corbeil  Railway,  10  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  ribbons.     Pop.  4140. 

Ath 'league,  a  parish  and  village  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught,  counties  of  Roscommon  and  Galway. 

Athlegar,  an  ancient  name  of  Athy. 

Athlone,  ath-16ne'  {Athluan,  "ford  of  the  moon"),  a 
town  of  Ireland,  on  both  sides  of  the  Shannon,  counties  of 
Westmeath  and  Roscommon,  76  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dublin. 
The  castle  of  Athlone,  erected  in  the  reign  of  King  John 
and  enlarged  and  strengthened  in  that  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
is  now  strongly  fortified  in  the  modern  style.  The  town 
was  incorporated  by  a  charter  from  James  I.,  and  received 
a  further  charter  from  Charles  II.  The  barracks  can  ac- 
commodate 2000  men :  to  it  an  ordnance-yard,  magazines, 
an  armory  with  muskets  for  15,000  men,  and  a  hospital,  are 
attached.  The  Shannon  is  navigated  by  steamboats,  and 
several  railways  meet  here.  The  town  has  active  manu- 
factures and  trade.  Athlone  sends  one  member  to  the 
British  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  6742. 

Ath'lone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ash 
township,  3  miles  from  Carlton  Railroad  Station,  and  10 
miles  from  Monroe.     Pop.  about  150. 

Athmullik,  Athmallik,  or  Antmallik,  aut-miil'lik, 
a  tributary  state  of  Orissa,  India,  partly  in  lowlands  subject 
to  overflow  from  the  river  Mahanuddy,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  S.  and  "W.    Area,  730  square  miles.     Pop.  14,536. 

Athni,  a  town  of  India.     See  Huttany. 

Athol,  Athole,  or  Atholl,  i'thol,  a  district  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  N.  part  of  Perthshire.  Area,  450  square  miles. 
It  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  the  head  of  the  Murray  family. 

A'thol,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

Athol,  formerly  Athol  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River,  and  on  the  Vermont  k 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Athol 
branch  of  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  48  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Springfield,  and  33  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a 
high  school,  3  churches,  2  banks,  1  foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots,  shoes,  woollen  cloth,  sash  and  blinds, 
furniture,  billiard-tables,  piano-cases,  Ac.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  in  Athol.  It  is  about  1  mile 
from  Athol  Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township  (1890),  6319. 

Athol,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  about  62 
miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  1  mile  from  the 
Adirondack  Railroad. 

Athol,  a  post- village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  near  Douglass- 
ville  Station.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ath'ol,  a  village  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  from  Amherst. 

Athol  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Athol  township,  on  Miller's  River,  and  on  the  Fitchburg 
Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  48  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  fine  music-hall,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes, 
furniture,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  and  folding  settees.  Here  are 
the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the  Worcester  Northwest 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Societies.   Pop.  in  1880,  1372. 

Ath'os  (called  by  the  modern  Greeks  the  Holy  Moun- 
tain), a  mountain  of  Turkey,  at  the  extremity  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Chalcis,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Salonica,  6778  feet  in  eleva- 
tion. Lat.  40°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  10'  E.  The  flanks  of  this 
mountain  are  occupied  by  several  villages  and  22  convents, 
besides  many  chapels,  cells,  and  grottoes,  which  serve  as  the 
habitation  of  more  than  3000  monks ;  those  called  hermits 
live  in  caves.     This  was  the  seat  of  the  first  seminary  of  the 


Greek  Church,  and  its  most  celebrated  theological  school; 
here,  also,  are  preserved  remains  of  famous  libraries  which 
have  furnished  to  learned  Europe  the  MSS.  of  many  mas- 
terpieces of  ancient  Greek  literature.  Vestiges  of  the  canal 
cut  by  Xerxes  to  avoid  the  dangers  of  circumnavigating  the 
promontory  have  been  discovered. 

Athy,  ath-i'  (anc.  Athlegar,  the  "western  ford"),  a 
market-town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Barrow, 
here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  on  an  arm  of  the  Grand  Canal, 
33J  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dublin.  It  is  the  seat  of  county 
assizes,  and  has  trade  in  corn,  butter,  and  malt.  Pop.  4510. 
Atibaia,  S,-te-bi'4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo, 
on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  Santos. 

Atienza,  i-te-fin'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
48  miles  S.W.  of  Soria.     Pop.  2000. 

Atina,  i-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Sora,  near  the  Melfa.  It  has  a  convent  and  a 
hospital,  was  formerly  a  bishopric,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
ancient  towns  of  Italy.  It  has  some  manufactories  of 
carpets.  Pop.  4211.  Another  ancient  Atina  is  the  present 
town  of  Atena  (which  see). 

Atitlan,  &-tee-tl&n',  a  lake,  town,  and  volcano  of  Cen- 
tral America,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala.  The  lake  ia 
24  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  by  10  miles  in  breadth, 
very  deep,  and  surrounded  by  lofty  mountains.  The  town 
(Santiago  de  Atitlan)  is  on  its  S.  side,  between  two  volcanoes. 
Elevation  of  the  volcano  of  Atitlan,  12,500  feet. 

A^ih,  a  town  of  Sumatra.     See  Acheen. 

At'ka,  or  Atcha,  &t'ch&,  written  also  Atchu,  At> 
cham,  Atchak,  Atschak,  or  Askha,  one  of  the 
Aleutian  Islands,  of  the  Andrenovian  group.  Ion.  175°  W  , 
about  75  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad.  At  its  E.  point  is  a 
harbor,  near  which  are  a  volcano  and  a  hot  spring.    Pop.  50. 

Atkarsk,  it^kaRsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  50  miles  N.W.  of 
Saratov,  on  the  Atkara  River.     Pop.  8311. 

Atkha,  an  island  of  Alaska.    See  Atka. 

At'kins,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  about  10  stores, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Nearly  4000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  in  a  year.     Pop.  660. 

Atkins,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Port  Huron. 

Atkins,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Cheyenne. 

At'kinson,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  in  Atkin- 
son township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Atkinson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Oak 
Grove  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Lafayette  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of 
Lafayette. 

Atkinson,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  810. 

Atkinson,  a  post-town  of  Holt  oo.,  Neb.,  58  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Neligh.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  701. 

Atkinson,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  an  academy 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  488. 

Atkinson  Depot  (de'po),  a  post-bamlet  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.,  in  Atkinson  township,  on  the  Boston  it 
Maine  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Haverhill,  Mass. 

Atkinson  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

At'kinsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about 
32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Terre  Haute. 

At'kins  Tank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Marion. 

Atlan'ta,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Ark.,  about  45 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  mills. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Dent  township,  5  miles  from  Ripon  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Atlanta,  at-lan'ta,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Geor- 
gia, and  seat  of  justice  of  Fulton  co.,  is  situated  on  an  ele- 
vated ridge  dividing  the  waters  of  the  Chattahoochee  River 
from  the  rivers  that  flow  into  the  Atlantic,  at  an  altitude 
of  1100  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  has  a  remark- 
ably  healthy  and  equable  climate,  the  mean  annual  tem- 
perature being  about  60°  Fahrenheit,  with  a  cool  and  salu- 
brious atmosphere.  Its  latitude  is  33°  44'  58"  N.,  longitude 
84^  30'  W.  from  Greenwich.  It  is  7  miles  S.E.  of  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River,  Seven  railroads  converge  at  Atlanta, 
mostly  trunk  lines,  and  leading  from  such  important  cities 
as  Augusta,  171  miles  distant;  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  204  miles ; 


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Savannah,  294  miles;  Chattanooga,  152  miles ;  Charlotte, 
N.C.,  268  miles ;  Columbus,  290  miles ;  Athens,  67  miles ; 
Marietta,  20  miles,  &o,  Atlanta  has  an  extensive  and 
rapidly  increasing  trade.  The  amount  of  goods  sold  by 
jobbers  annually  is  valued  at  about  $50,000,000  ,*  bales  of 
cotton  received  and  marketed  about  300,000.  A  very  large 
trade  is  carried  on  in  horses  and  mules,  and  the  tobacco 
trade  is  the  largest  south  of  Richmond.  There  are  15  banks, 
■with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $3,817,051. 

In  the  census  returns  of  1890  there  were  given  333  in- 
dustrial establishments,  with  a  capital  of  $7,894,870,  and 
employing  7680  hands,  the  product  for  the  year  aggregating 
in  value  $11,239,591.  Prominent  among  these  were  manu- 
factories of  carriages  and  wagons  and  cotton  goods,  foun- 
dries and  machine-shops,  furniture-factories,  lumber-  and 
planing-mills,  &o.  There  are  besides  numerous  small  manu- 
facturing establishments.  There  are  4  first-class  hotels,  all 
within  a  short  distance  of  the  large  Union  depot,  one  of 
which,  a  fire-proof  structure  built  and  equipped  at  a  cost 
of  $1,000,000,  is  7  stories  in  height.  Twenty-five  periodi- 
cals are  published, — 2  daily,  11  weekly,  1  semi-monthly, 
and  11  monthly.  There  are  70  churches,  with  an  aggregate 
Beating  capacity  of  60,000.  The  chief  public  buildings 
are  the  custom-house,  state-house  (erected  at  a  cost  of 
$1,000,000),  and  opera-house.  Atlanta  has  an  excellent 
system  of  public  schools,  embracing  about  20  grammar- 
schools  (for  both  white  and  colored  children),  2  high 
schools,  and  several  good  private  schools.  Other  institu- 
tions are  the  Atlanta  University,  for  the  education  of  colored 
young  men  and  women  (with  an  attendance  of  about  600) ; 
Clark  University,  open  to  students  without  regard  to  sex 
or  color,  and  connected  with  which  are  Gammon  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  and  normal  and  industrial  departments; 
Spelman  Seminary  for  women  and  girls  (with  about  900 
students).  Baptist  Seminary,  School  of  Technology,  the 
Georgia  Military  Institute,  2  medical  colleges,  a  business 
college,  &c.  The  Young  Men's  Library  is  an  admirable 
institution,  with  attractive  rooms,  and  8000  volumes. 

The  principal  streets  radiate  from  the  centre  of  the  city, 
and  are  traversed  by  lines  of  street-cars.  The  city  limits 
comprise  a  perfect  circle,  with  a  diameter  of  3  miles,  and 
with  its  centre  at  the  Union  passenger  depot.  Atlanta  was 
settled  in  1840 ;  was  incorporated  as  the  village  of  Marthas- 
ville  in  1842;  as  Atlanta,  in  1847.  Pop.  in  1850,  2572;  in 
1860,  9554;  in  1870,  21,879;  in  1880,  37,409;  in  1890, 
05,533.  It  was  captured  by  the  Union  troops  under  Gen. 
Sherman,  September  2,  1864,  who  destroyed  the  business 
portion  of  the  city  on  leaving  it  about  a  month  later. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Elmore  co.,  Idaho,  about  60 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Boisg  City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  111.,  in  Atlanta 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington, 
and  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  is  situated  on  a  high 
and  fertile  prairie.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  2  hotels,  2 
banks,  Ac.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1178. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Noblesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Winfield. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mich.,  28 
miles  E.  of  Gaylord.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  250. 

Atlanta,  a  post-yillage  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Macon  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co..  Neb.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Holdrege.     It  has  2  churches. 

Atlanta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  91  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Atlanta,  a  city  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Jefferson,  and  31  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Texarkana.  It  has  2  academies,  6  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  About  7000  bales  of  cotton 
are  shipped  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  1764. 

Atlan'tic,  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  New  Jersey, 
has  an  area  of  about  565  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  Great  Egg  Harbor 
River.     The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  rather 

floor.  It  contains  extensive  forests  of  small  pine-trees.  It 
8  intersected  by  three  railroads,  which  traverse  the  state 
from  Camden  to  Atlantic  City.  Capital,  May's  Landing. 
Pop.  in  1S70,  14,093;  in  1880,  18,704;  in  1890,  28,836. 

Atlantic,  a  city,  capital  of  CaSs  co.,  Iowa,  in  Atlantic 
township,  on  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  82  miles  W.  by 


S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks, 
printing-offices  issuing  a  daily  and  4  weekly  papers,  13 
churches,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  4354. 

Atlantic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Quincy 
township,  on  Boston  harbor,  5  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  is  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Granite 
Branch,  which  is  the  oldest  railroEul  in  the  United  States. 
It  has  an  iron-foundry  and  a  felting-mill. 

Atlantic,  a  seaside  resort  and  station  in  Revere,  Sufiblk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

Atlantic,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1713.     It  contains  Colt's  Neck,  Scobeyville,  Ac. 

Atlantic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Mead- 
ville.     It  has  1  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Atlantic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  is  on  or 
near  the  sea-coast,  11  miles  from  Stockton,  Md.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  12  houses. 

Atlantic  City,  a  pleasure- and  health-resortof  Atlantic 
CO.,  N.J.,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  is  on  a  narrow  sandy  island  called  Absecon  Beach, 
extending  from  Great  Egg  Harbor  Inlet  on  the  S.W.  to 
Absecon  Inlet  on  the  N.E.  It  is  the  S.E  terminus  of  the 
Camden  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
and  the  Philadelphia  A  Atlantic  City  Railroad.  The  island 
is  10  miles  long,  J  of  a  mile  wide,  and  4  to  5  miles  from 
the  mainland.  Here  is  a  good  beach  for  bathing ;  also  a 
first-order  light-house,  called  Absecon  Light,  near  the  N. 
point  of  the  island.  Atlantic  City  was  incorporated  in 
1854.  It  has  15  churches,  2  daily  and  5  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  about  2000  cottages  and  residences,  and  some  400 
boarding-houses  and  hotels.  Atlantic  Avenue,  the  princi- 
pal business  street,  is  100  feet  wide,  and  is  crossed  at  right 
angles  by  many  other  avenues,  bearing  the  names  of  the 
states  of  the  Union.  There  are  also  avenues  named  Arctic 
and  Pacific,  extending  parallel  with  Atlantic  Avenue.  The 
city  has  gas,  electric  lights,  and  electric  street-cars.  Per- 
manent population  (greatly  increased  during  the  summer) 
in  1870,  1043;  in  1880,  5477;  in  1890,  13,055. 

Atlantic  City,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  on  Tan- 
ner's Creek,  1  mile  N.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a  church.  It  ia 
mainly  supported  by  ship-building  and  the  oyster  business. 

Atlantic  City,  a  post- village  of  Fremont  co., Wyoming, 
is  on  the  N.E.  slope  or  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  South 
Pass.     It  has  1  public  school.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Atlantic  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  in  Micronesia,  lat.  1° 
5'  N.,  Ion.  16°  5'  E.,  half-way  between  the  E.  extremity  of 
the  Caroline  group  and  the  S.  end  of  the  Ralick  chain. 

Atlantic  Mine,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of 
Houghton  CO.,  Mich.,  in  Adams  township,  5  miles  from 
Houghton.     It  has  a  copper-mine.     Pop.  about  400. 

Atlantic  Ocean,  a  vast  expanse  of  water  which  sepa- 
rates America  from  Europe  and  Africa,  and  extends  from 
the  Arctic  to  the  Antarctic  circle.  It  is  only  half  as  largo 
as  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  part  of  it  which  is  enclosed  by 
land  on  both  sides  is  about  7000  miles  long.  The  greatest 
breadth  is  about  4400  miles,  and  the  narrowest  part  is  nearly 
1600  miles  wide.  It  is  the  only  ocean  widely  open  at  the 
north,  extending  from  pole  to  pole,  the  only  ready  channel 
for  the  exchange  of  the  polar  and  equatorisJ  waters.  It  has 
been  compared  by  Humboldt  to  a  long  valley  with  parallel 
sides,  the  projecting  body  of  Africa  fitting  into  the  recess  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Caribbean  Sea,  as  South  America 
and  Cape  St.  Roque  fit  into  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  This  ocean 
is  divided  by  the  equator  into  two  portions,  the  North  At- 
lantic and  South  Atlantic.  The  principal  islands  enclosed 
by  it  are  the  British  Islands,  the  Antilles,  Iceland,  and  New- 
foundland. It  is  remarkable  for  the  extent  of  the  inland 
seas  which  are  connected  with  it,  namely,  the  Baltic,  the 
Mediterranean,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  Hudson's  Bay. 
"The  main  feature  of  the  Atlantic  basin,"  says  Guyot, 
"  seems  to  be  a  deep  valley  which  runs  with  an  average 
depth  of  20,000  feet  or  more,  along  and  parallel  to  the 
coasts  of  the  New  World.  A  large  swell,  over  10,000  feet 
higher,  bearing  perhaps  the  islands  of  Tristan  d'Acunha, 
St.  Helena,  Ascension,  and,  in  the  North  Atlantic,  the  Azores, 
separates  it  from  another  valley,  only  15,000  feet  deep,  which 
stretches  along  and  close  to  the  coast  of  Africa.  Both  val- 
leys rise  northward  and  are  confounded  in  one  basin  on  the 
so-called  telegraphic  plateau  between  Newfoundland  and 
Ireland,  whose  average  depth  is  about  12,000  feet,  and  the 
greatest  2400  fathoms,  or  14,000  feet."  The  greatest  depth 
of  the  Atlantic  has  not  been  ascertained.  Some  navigators 
claim  to  have  made  soundings  where  the  water  was  45,000  feet 
deep ;  but  "  the  methods  of  sounding  employed,"  says  Bana, 
"  have  been  shown  to  be  unsatisfactory,  and  the  results  ♦-here 


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fore  are  valueless."  The  Challenger  expedition  of  1873, 
employing  the  nearly  perfect  methods  of  later  years,  ob- 
tained a  maximum  depth  of  23,260  feet  about  100  miles 
N.  of  St,  Thomas  (West  Indies.)  The  principal  currents  of 
the  Atlantic  are  the  equatorial  current  and  the  Gulf  Stream. 
The  former  flows  westward  from  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  with  a 
velocity  of  30  to  70  miles  a  day.  Near  Cape  St.  Roque  it 
divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which  runs  southward 
along  the  coast  of  Brazil,  and  the  other  flows  along  the 
coast  of  Guiana  into  the  Caribbean  Sea.  From  this  sea 
it  emerges  under  the  name  of  Gulf  Stream,  and  passing 
chiefly  around  the  W.  end  of  Cuba,  through  the  Florida 
Strait,  it  runs  along  the  coast  of  the  United  States,  grad- 
ually expanding  in  volume  and  decreasing  in  velocity.  (See 
Gulf  Stream.)  Turning  eastward,  it  crosses  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Azores,  and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
proceeds  to  the  British  Isles.  The  other  branch  runs  south- 
ward to  the  tropical  parts  of  Africa.  The  Gulf  Stream  is 
distinguished  from  the  other  parts  of  the  ocean  by  its  higher 
temperature  and  blue  color.  The  confluence  of  two  of  these 
currents  in  the  North  Atlantic  forms  a  great  whirlpool  or 
eddy,  which  collects  a  vast  quantity  of  sea-weed  which  floats 
on  the  surface  and  has  no  roots.  This  part  of  the  sea,  which 
is  said  to  have  an  area  of  many  thousand  square  miles,  is 
called  the  Mar  de  Sargasso.  The  botanical  name  of  the 
weed  is  Sargaasum  hacciferum.  It  is  rendered  buoyant  by 
small  air-vessels  or  bladders  attached  to  the  leaves.  The 
southwest  wind  which  is  prevalent  in  the  North  Atlantic 
enables  a  sailing-vessel  to  make  a  voyage  from  New  York 
to  Liverpool  in  about  22  days,  whereas  the  voyage  in  the 
opposite  direction  requires  36  or  more  days  on  an  average. 
Four  cables  have  been  extended  across  this  ocean  to  cofivey 
electric  telegraphs  between  Europe  and  the  United  States, 
and  one  from  Lisbon  to  Brazil. 

There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the  ancients  had  any 
definite  or  adequate  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  though  doubtless  in  very  early  times  they  were 
familiar  with  the  existence  of  a  great  western  sea,  which — 
in  order  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Mediterranean — the 
Greeks  named  'ArAairucj}  OiXaaira.  {Atlantike  thalassa),  or 
'A.T\avTi,Koviri\ayoi  {Atlantikon  pelagoa),  the  "  Atlantic  sea," 
or  the  sea  beyond  Mount  Atlas.  Horace  calls  it  (Lib.  I. 
Ode  31)  Atlanticum  ^quor,the  "Atlantic  [watery]  plain." 

Atlan'ticville,  or  North  Long  Branch,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the 
Central  Railroad  (North  Long  Branch  Station),  29  miles  S. 
of  New  York,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch. 

Atlanticville,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Southampton  township,  on  the  ocean,  about  9  miles  S.  of 
Riverhead.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  179. 

At'las,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  in  Atlas  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  S.S.B.  of  Quincy.  The  township  is  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  contains  a  village  named  Rook- 
port,  which  is  a  railroad  station.     Total  pop.  1584. 

Atlas,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  E. 
from  Grand  Blanc  Station,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Flint,  in 
Athens  township.  It  has  2  churches  (5  in  the  township), 
a  district  school,  a  flour-mill,  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  200  ;  of  the  township,  1256. 

Atlas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Somerset 
township,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta,  and  10  miles 
S.  of  Barnesville  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  other  business  places. 
Pop.  100. 

Atlas  Mountains,  a  mountain-system  in  North  Africa, 
the  S.  extremity  of  which  commences  near  Cape  Noon,  in 
lat.  28°  46'  N.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and,  after  traversing 
Morocco,  Algeria,  and  Tunis,  terminates  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean  Sea,  about  Ion.  11°  E.  The  general  course 
of  these  mountains  is  from  W.S.W.  to  E.N.E. ;  except  along 
the  W.  coast  of  Morocco,  they  form  no  chains  or  definite 
ranges,  but  consist  of  a  congeries  of  elevations,  sometimes 
isolated  and  sometimes  connected,  with  endless  branches  and 
ofiBets,  irregularly  diflfused  over  nearly  the  whole  N.W.  of 
Africa;  but  the  tendency  among  recent  geographers  is  to 
confine  the  name  to  the  portion  W.  of  Algeria.  The  Atlas 
Mountains  have  been  divided  generally  into  two  principal 
and  parallel  ranges,  running  nearly  E.  and  W.,  the  one 
called  the  Greater  and  the  other  the  Lesser  Atlas ;  the  latter 
lying  towards  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  former  adjoining 
the  Sahara  or  Great  Desert,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
low,  sandy  hills.  The  entire  course  of  the  principal  chain 
may  be  reckoned  at  about  1500  miles,  measured  from  Cape 
Noon,  on  the  Atlantic,  to  Cape  Bon  or  Ras  Adder,  on  the 
Mediterranean.  Little  is  known  of  the  heights  of  the  Atlas 
Mountains.  The  highest  ascertained  elevation  is  that  of 
Miltseen,  in  Morocco,  stated  by  Captain  Washington  to  be 


11,400  feet  high  ;  but  their  general  altitude  is  moderate,  a.o 
they  do  not  shoot  up  into  lofty  peaks,  but  consist  principally 
of  broad  ridges  and  rounded  summits.  In  Algeria,  the 
main  crest  forms  a  wide  plateau.  As  respects  its  geology, 
our  information  supplies  only  the  fact  that  granite,  gneiss, 
and  schist  appear  on  the  higher  peaks,  and  the  lower  parts 
of  the  ridges  are  formed  of  secondary  limestone.  On  the 
S.,  the  lower  ranges  are  covered  with  date-palm  trees  : 
hence  the  name  of  this  region,  Beled-el-Jereed  ("the  land 
of  dates").  Higher  up,  gum  trees,  almonds,  and  olives 
abound ;  while  on  the  table-lands  the  fruits  of  Europe  are 
grown  in  great  quantities.  Higher  still  occur  forests  of 
immense  pines.  The  mineral  riches  of  the  Atlas,  so  far  aa 
known,  are  silver,  antimony,  lead,  copper,  iron,  rock  salt, 
saltpetre,  Ac,  but  in  no  part  are  there  extensive  mines  at 
present  wrought.  From  the  N.  and  W.  slopes  flow  the  prin- 
cipal rivers  of  Morocco  and  Algeria  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
and  Mediterranean  Sea ;  and  from  their  S.  slopes  flow  nu- 
merous streams,  which  are  absorbed  in  the  Sahara. 

The  name  Atlas  is  said  to  have  been  derived  from  Atlas, 
King  of  Mauritania,  who,  according  to  ancient  fable,  having 
been  transformed  into  a  mountain,  supported  the  heavens 
on  his  shoulders.  From  the  name  of  this  mountain-region 
came  the  name  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  ancients  used  the  name  in  a  vague  way ;.  and  the 
legendary  Atlas,  a  single  peak,  cannot  now  be,  and  never 
could  be,  identified  with  any  mountain  in  the  range ;  but 
the  ancient  geographers  seem  to  have  applied  the  name  to 
several  of  the  coast-hills  of  Mauritania,  especially  to  some 
near  Cape  Spartel  and  others  near  Cape  Ghir. 

At'lean,  an  unincorporated  township,  Somerset  oo.,  Me. 

Atlean  Lake,  in  the  uninhabited  part  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Me.,  is  traversed  by  the  Moose  River,  one  of  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Kennebec. 

At'lee's  Station,  a  post-oflBce  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Atlixco,  &t-lix'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Puebla, 
in  a  very  fertile  district,  celebrated  for  its  fruits  and  its  fine 
climate,  20  miles  S.  of  Puebla. 

At'na  or  Copper  River,  a  large  stream  of  Alaska, 
reaches  the  sea  about  lat.  60°  17'  N.,  Ion.  146°  20'  W.,  by 
several  mouths.  Little  is  known  regarding  its  course,  which 
is  generally  southward.  From  its  valley  the  natives  pro- 
cure large  masses  of  pure  copper. 

At'nah  Indians,  a  tribe  or  group  of  small  tribes  of 
Indians,  chiefly  found  in  British  Columbia.  They  are 
probably  of  the  Selish  or  (so-called)  Flathead  stock. 

Atoka,  a-to'ka,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  the  Choc- 
taw Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroad,  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex.  Coal  is 
found  near  it.  It  has  5  church  organizations  and  a  printing- 
office,  from  which  3  journals  are  issued.     Pop.  1000. 

Atoka,  a  post- village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  26  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches,  2  machine 
shops,  and  a  steam  mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Atoko,  &-to'ko,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Ionian  Islands. 
Lat.  38°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  43'  E. 

Atoll,  i-toU',  or  AtoUon,  8,-tol-lon',  the  name  applied 
to  the  several  groups  of  coral  islands  composing  the  Mal- 
dive  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  In  a  general  sense  an 
atoll  or  lagoon  island  is  a  circular  reef  or  coral  formation 
rising  out  of  the  sea  and  enclosing  a  lagoon. 

Atooi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.    See  Atattai. 

Atoqne,  k-to'ki.,  a  small  uninhabited  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Panama. 

Atorkoo,  or  Atorkon,  &-tor^koo',  one  of  the  Kooril 
Islands.     See  Itooeoop. 

Atonguia,  &-too-ghee'&,  or  Atouquia,  &-too-kee'&,  a 
maritime  town  of  Portugal,  with  a  castle,  in  Estremadura, 
42  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2718. 

Atran,  i'trin,  a  small  river  of  Sweden,  forms  Lake 
Asunden,  and,  after  receiving  several  affluents,  falls  into 
the  Cattegat  at  Falkenberg. 

Atrani,  8,-tr4'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Amalfi.     Pop.  2434. 

Atrato,  i-tri'to,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  after  a  northward  course  of  about  200 
miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Darien,  W.  of  the  Bay  of  Choco. 
It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  to  Citar^,  140  miles  from 
its  source.  It  has  been  proposed  to  connect  this  river  with 
the  San  Juan,  whiofe  flows  S.,  and  thus,  by  means  of  a  canal, 
to  unite  the  Atlantic  with  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Atranla,  a  town  of  India.     See  Atrowla. 

Atrauli,  a  town  of  India.     See  Attrowleb. 

Atrebates,  the  ancient  people  of  Artois. 

Atri,  8,'tree,  or  Atria,  4'tre-i  {&nc.Ea'dria  or  Ha'tria 
Pice'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  IS  miles  S.E.  of 


ATR 


547 


ATT 


Teraino.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  many  interesting 
ancient  remains.  The  Emperor  Adrian  was  originally  from 
this  city.     Pop.  9397, 

Atria,  an  ancient  name  of  Adria. 

Atripalda,  fl,-tre-p4l'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
BtufFs.     Pop.  5726. 

Atrowla,  or  Atranla,  4-tr5w'l&,  a  town  of  India,  in 
Oude,  district  of  Fyzabad,  60  miles  N.  of  Benares.  Pop.  5988. 

Atschak,  an  Aleutian  island.     See  Atea. 

Atseua  Otie  Key,  Florida.    See  Cedar  Keys. 

Atsion,  at-si'on,  a  river  of  New  Jersey,  forming  a  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Atlantic  and  Burlington  counties, 
unites  with  the  Little  Egg  Harbor  River. 

Atsion,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Atsion  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad  at 
its  junction  with  the  Atoo  Branch  and  with  the  Vineland 
Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Vineland.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  cotton-mill. 

Attah,  &t't&,  or  Iddah,  id'di,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
Guinea,  on  a  high  bank  near  the  Niger,  100  miles  N.E.  of 
Aboh.     Lat.  7°  6'  N.     It  is  surrounded  by  plantations. 

Attakapas,  at-tuk'a-paw\  an  extensive  and  fertile 
district  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana.  It  produces  great 
quantities  of  sugar  and  molasses.  The  section  called  At- 
takapas  comprises  the  parishes  of  St.  Mary,  Iberia,  Ver- 
milion, St.  Martin,  and  Lafayette;  but,  although  often 
named  in  commercial  reports,  it  has  no  legal  existence,  and 
is  not  mentioned  in  the  census. 

Attakembo,  it-tJ.-k5m'bo,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the 
Feejee  Islands.     Lat.  18°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  W. 

At'tala,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Pearl 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  hickory,  oak, 
magnolia,  Ac;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  pork,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Southern  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  passes 
along  the  W.  border  of  this  county,  and  the  Aberdeen 
branch  of  the  same  line  intersects  it.  Capital,  Kosciusko. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,776;  in  1880,  19,988;  in  1890,  22,21.3. 

Attaliyeh,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Adalia. 

Attal'la,  or  Atal'la,  a  thriving  post-town  and  rail- 
road centre  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  is  situated  at  the  W.  base 
of  Lookout  Mountain,  at  the  junction  of  five  railroads,  87 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
2  academies,  a  newspaper  office,  iron-works,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  ice,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  351;  in  1890, 1254. 

Attain,  itHim',  a  considerable  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
Old  Calabar  River,  near  lat.  6°  37'  N.,  Ion.  9°  5'  E. 

Attanagar,  it-ti-nfl,-gar',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  65 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6000. 

At^apnVgiis,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  from  Climax  Station,  and  about  70  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Albany.    It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  267. 

Attaram,  &t-t&-r&m',  a  river  in  Tenasserim,  British 
Burmah,  having  its  source  in  the  mountains  that  separate 
Tenasserim  from  Siam.  It  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Martaban, 
after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Attawal,  it-t4-w8,l'  (Arab.  Al-tawal,  i.e.,  "the  long 
island"),  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  vrith  a  large  village,  near 
the  Arabian  coast,  about  120  miles  N.W.  of  Yembo. 

Attendorn,  it't^n-doRn^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amsberg.     Pop.  1537. 

Attenmnt,  S.t'tQn-moot,  a  native  village  of  Alaska,  in 
the  Nulato  Hills,  near  the  sources  of  the  Selawik  and 
Kunguk  Rivers. 

At'terberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menard  co..  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Springfield.     Grain  is  shipped  here. 

At'tercIilTe,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  1^  miles  N.E.  of  Sheffield,  in  which  borough  it  is 
comprised.     Pop.  16,574,  chiefly  colliers  and  artisans. 

Attercliffe,  at't^r-clif,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Welland  River  and  the  Canada  Southern  Rail- 
way, 8  miles  from  Canfield. 

Attersee,  fl,t't?r-s4',  or  Kammersee,  kim'm^r-sA', 
a  lake  in  Austria,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Lintz,  12  miles  in 
length,  and  3  in  breadth.  The  river  Ager  flows  from  its  N. 
extremity.  The  decaying  village  of  Attersee  is  situated  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  the  lake. 

Attert,  It-taiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
on  the  river  Attert,  4J  miles  N.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2650. 

Attica,  at't^-ka  (Gr.  *Attik^,  Attiki),  a  division  of 
Greece,  in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  two  sides  of  which  are 
washed  by  the  Mge&n  Sea,  while  the  third  is  separated 


from  Boeotia  by  the  mountains  of  Cithseron  and  Fames. 
The  principal  streams  are  the  Cephissus  and  Ilissus,  both 
very  small.  Mount  Pentelieus,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Athens,  and  3500  feet  high,  has  inexhaustible  quarries  of 
excellent  marble,  and  silver,  with  lead,  was  and  still  is  ob- 
tained from  the  mines  of  Laurium,  near  Sunium.  The  chief 
vegetable  productions  are  the  vine  and  the  olive. 

Attica  and  Boeotia,  be-o'she-a,  a  nome  of  Greece, 
partly  insular  and  partly  mainland.  The  insular  part  con- 
sists principally  of  the  islands  of  Salamis  and  .ffigina.  The 
mainland  part  joins  Phocis  and  Phthiotis  on  the  W.  and 
N.,  and  is  connected  with  the  Peloponnesus  on  the  S.  by 
the  Isthmus  of  Corinth.     Capital,  Athens.     Pop.  185,364. 

At'tica,  a  station  in  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Attica,  a  post-town  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind..  on  the  Wa- 
bash River,  and  on  several  railroads,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lafayette,  and  li  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2 
national  banks,  6  churches,  a  fine  public-school  building,  a 
foundry,  quarries  of  good  sandstone,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  ploughs,  Ac.  Two  weekly  papers  are  issued  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2320. 

Attica,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  181. 

Attica,  a  post-town  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  47  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Wellington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  large 
creamery,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Attica,  a  post- village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Attica 
township,  and  on  the  Eastern  division  of  the  Chicago  A 
Lake  Huron  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Flint,  and  7  miles  E. 
of  Lapeer.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  planing- 
mills,  3  saw-mills,  1  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about 
600;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1527. 

Attica,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Attica 
township,  on  Tonawanda  Creek,  and  on  the  Erie  Railway 
(Buffalo  line),  31  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Batavia  Branch  of  that  road,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  which  also  connects  it  with  Batavia.  It  has 
1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  7  churches,  the  Attica  Colle- 
giate Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  2  carriage- 
shops,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1994. 

Attica,  a  post- village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Venice  town- 
ship, on  an  affluent  of  the  Sandusky  River,  and  near  the 
Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  about  SO 
miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  and  ploughs.     Pop.   700. 

Attica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  on  Sugar 
River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Attigny,  it^teen^yee'  (ano.  Attini'acum),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Ardennes,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Vou- 
ziers,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Aisne.     Pop.  1820. 

Attike,  the  Greek  for  Attica. 

Attil'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  111.,  9  miles  N. 
of  Marion. 

Attinghansen,  It'ting-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Uri,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Altorf.     Pop,  520, 

Attleborough,  at't^l-burViih,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Norfolk,  14i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  2064. 

Attleborough,  at't§l-bur*riih,  a  post- village  or  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Attleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Prov- 
idence Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  New  Bedford  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Boston.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  about  5  churches.  Pop.  in 
1880,  including  North  Attleborough,  11,111;  in  1890,  ex- 
clusive of  North  Attleborough,  7577. 

Attleborough,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.    See  Langhorne. 

Attleborough  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  in  Attleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Provi- 
dence Railroad  (Attleborough  Branch),  16  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  jewelry 
and  braid. 

Attleborough  Junction,  a  station,  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  railroad  from  Taunton  to  Mansfield,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Attleborough  Branch,  2  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Taunton. 

Attlebury,  at't^l-b^r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E. 
of  Newburg.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Attock',  a  small  town  of  Hindostan,  in  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Indus,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cabool  River,  40  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Peshawer.  The  Indus  is  here  crossed  by  a  rail- 
way bridge,  and  by  a  bridge  of  boats  537  feet  in  length. 
Pop.  2000.     Here  is  a  fort  erected  by  Akbar  in  1581. 

Attoo,  Attou,  or  Attn,  fl,t-too',  the  westernmost  of 
the  true,  or  American,  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the  Paoifio 
Ocean.     Lat.  52°  58'  N, ;  Ion.  187°  34'  W. 


ATT  548 


AUB 


Attoor,  it-toor',  a  fortified  town  of  British  India,  prea- 
IdenoT  of  Madras,  25  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

AtHoyac',  a  bayou  or  creek  of  Texas,  runs  nearly 
southward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Nacogdoches  and 
San  Augustine  counties,  and  enters  the  Angelina  River,  It 
is  about  90  miles  long. 

Attrak,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Atthuck. 

Attri ,  it'tree,or  Atrai  y  4'tri,  a  river  of  Bengal,  rises  near 
Darjeeling,  flows  due  S.,  and  divides  into  several  branches, 
the  principal  one  of  which  falls  into  the  Ganges  near  Pabna, 
its  whole  course  being  upwards  of  100  miles. 

Attrowlee)  or  Atrauli,  8,t-tr5w'lee,  a  city  of  India, 
in  Meerut,  Alighur  district,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alighur, 
near  the  great  canal  of  the  Doab.     Pop.  15,052. 

AtUrnck',  or  Attrak,  itHrik',  a  river  of  Persia,  in 
Khorassan,  has  a  W.  course,  and  enters  the  Caspian  Sea 
on  the  E.  side,  45  miles  N.  of  Astrabad.  It  is  regarded  by 
Russia  as  a  part  of  her  trans-Caspian  boundary. 

AttUy  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Attoo. 

Att'woody  a  post-town  of  Perth  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  6  miles  from  Listowel.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  flour-  and  flax-mills. 
Pop.  700. 

Atui,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.    See  Atauai. 

Atnres,  i-too'rfis,  a  town  of  Soath  America,  in  Vene- 
Euela,  on  the  Orinoco,  105  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Fernando. 

Atnrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Adour. 

At'water,  a  station  in  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Merced. 

Atwater^  a  post- village  of  Macoupin  co..  111.,  43  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Atwater,  a  post-village  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,*  on 
the  Great  Northern  Railway,  89  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  429. 

Atwatet)  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayuga 
Lake,  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ithaca. 

Atwater^  a  post- village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Atwater 
township,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  stoneware,  &o.     Pop.  300. 

Atwater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Burnett. 

Atwater  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  oo.,  0., 
about  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

At'wood,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  9  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  530. 

Atwood,  apost-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  2  churches. 

Atwood)  a  post-town,  capital  of  Rawlins  co.,  Kansas, 
95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Orleans,  Neb.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  450. 

Atwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Atwood,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  100  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  6  miles  N.B.  of  Milan.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

At 'wood's  Key,  an  island  of  the  Bahamas,  33  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Aoklin  Island.  Lat.  23°  5'  N.;  Ion.  73°  43'  W. 

Atzara,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Azzara. 

Atzendorf,  4t'sen-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2243. 

Atzgersdorf,  its'gh^rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Austria,  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  railway  from  Vienna  to 
Baden.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  silks, 
and  wine.     Pop.  3628. 

Au,  5w,  the  name  of  many  villages  in  Bavaria,  Baden, 
Upper  Austria,  Switzerland,  &c. ;  and  of  one  in  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Hont,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Schemnitz,  with  a  seat  be- 
longing to  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 

Anach,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Avoch. 

Anbagne,  5^bin'  (anc.  Alba'nia  ?),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E. 
of  Marseilles.  It  has  manufactures  of  pottery-ware  and 
paper,  tile-works,  tanneries,  Ac.     Pop.  7408. 

Anb^benanb 'bee,  a  township,  Fulton  co.,  Ind.  P.  745. 

Anbe,  ob,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Haute-Mame, 
passes  Clairvaux,  Bar-sur-Aube,  and  Arcis  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aube,  and  joins  the  Seine  23  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Troyes.     Length,  90  miles. 

Anbe,  a  department  of  France,  on  the  Seine,  between 
the  departments  of  Mame,  Haute-Mame,  Cate-d'Or,  Yonne, 
and  Seine-et-Mame ;  between  lat.  47°  55'  and  48°  45'  N.  ; 
formed  of  the  S.  part  of  the  province  of  Champagne  and  a 
small  part  of  Burgundy.  Area,  2351  square  miles.  Pop. 
255,217.  Climate  mild  and  humid.  Surface  mostly  level. 
The  soil  in  the  N.W.  part  is  poor  and  sterile ;  in  the  S.E.  it 


is  much  more  productive,  especially  in  cereals  and  fruiti 
The  rivers  are  the  Seine,  the  Anbe  (an  affluent  of  the  Seine), 
the  Armance,  and  the  Vannes  (an  affluent  of  the  Yonne). 
Many  work-horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  reared.  The  man- 
ufacturing industry  is  active  in  pottery,  cotton  stufis  and 
yarn,  hosiery,  woollen  fabrics,  glass,  and  tiles.  Aube  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissements  of  Troyes,  Arcis-sur-Aube, 
Bar-sur-Aube,  Bar-sur-Seine,  and  Nogent-sur-Sein€. 

Anbel,  5^bil',  a  town  of  Belgium,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Liege.     It  has  a  large  weekly  market.     Pop.  3050. 

Anbenas,  Ob^nfi,',  or  o^b§h-n&s',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  ArdSche,  near  the  ArdSohe,  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Privas,  situated  in  a  magnificent  basin,  surrounded  by  the 
extinct  volcanoes  of  the  Vivarois.  It  has  an  old  castle, 
silk-mills,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  handker- 
chiefs, and  paper.     Pop.  7694. 

Aubenton,  o^bfinoHduo',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Aisne,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Laon.     Fop.  1549. 

Anbervilliers,  5^bfiRVee^yi',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  5  miles  N.  of  Paris,  with  sugar-refineries 
and  numerous  manufactories.     Pop.  11,694. 

Aubeterre,  ob^taiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  25  miles  S.  of  AngoulSme. 

Aubi^re,  o^be-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Puy-de-D&me,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  3767. 

Aubign6,  o^been^y&',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Sarthe,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  S.  of  Mayet.     Pop.  2375. 

Aubigny,  o^been^yee',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Cher,  on  the  N§re,  27  miles  N.  of  Bourges.  Pop.  2545. 
There  are  several  villages  of  this  name  in  France. 

Aubin,  S^bino',  or  Albin,  irbiN"',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Aveyron,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Villefranche.  It 
has  extensive  mines  of  coal.     Pop.  8863. 

Aubonne,  S^bonn',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  1713. 

Aubrey,  aw'br^,  a  post-hamlet  and  landing  of  Mohave 
CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  Colorado  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bill 
Williams  River,  235  miles  above  Yuma. 

Aubrey,  a  station  in  Hamilton  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  90  miles  W.  of  Dodge  City. 

Aubrey  (Stilwell  post-office),  a  village  of  Johnson  oo., 
Kansas,  about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Olathe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Aubrey,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  in  a  fine 
cotton-  and  fruit-growing  region,  46  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Aubrey,  or  California,  a  post-village  in  Chateangnay 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  English  River,  4  miles  from  St.-Jean- 
Chrysostome.     Pop.  300. 

Auburn,  aw'btirn,  immortalized  by  Goldsmith  in  his 
"  Deserted  Village,"  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  village  of 
Lishoy,  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  near  Lough  Rea,  6 
miles  N.  of  Athlone.  Since  the  poet's  time  it  has  generally 
received  the  name  of  Auburn. 

Auburn,  aw'biim,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery, and  6  miles  W.  of  Opelika.  Here  is  the  Agricul- 
tural and  Mechanical  College  of  Alabama,  founded  by  the 
state  in  1872.  Auburn  has  5  churches,  a  foundry,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1440. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  90  miles  below  Little  Rock.    It  has  a  church. 

Auburn,  an  incorporated  city  and  health-resort,  capital 
of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  American 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  N>E.  of 
Sacramento,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has 
2  banks,  5  churches,  a  normal  college,  an  opera-house, 
several  large  hotels,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  breweries  and 
manufactures  of  wine.  Eight  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn  is  the 
remarkable  Alabaster  Cave.     Pop.  in  1890,  1595. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  6a.,  40  milea 
E.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Auburn,  a  village  of  Clark  oo..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Terre  Haute.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Clark  Centre. 
Pop.  of  Auburn  township,  602. 

Auburn,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Dummy 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Auburn,  a  post- village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  in  Auburn 
township,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
flour,  and  farm-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  874. 

Auburn,  a  flourishing  post-town,  capital  of  De  Kalb 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Eel  River  A 
Illinois  Railroad,  where  it  crosses  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson 


AUB 


549 


AUG 


A  Saginaw  Railroad,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Fort  "Wayne,  and  5  miles  S.  by  "W. 
from  Waterloo.  It  haa  a  court-houae,  3  banks,  a  graded 
school,  8  churches,  2  newspapers,  flouring-mills,  steam 
saw-mills,  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  soap, 
staves,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  2415. 

Auburn,  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Auburn 
township,  on  Turkey  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of  West  Union, 
and  about  80  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  2  flour-niills,  1  brewery,  3  stores,  &c.  The 
name  of  the  post-ofiBoe  is  DougUiss.     Pop.  1192. 

Auburn,  a  post-town  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa,  about  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Lake  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  174. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Auburn  township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Topeka.     It  has 

1  or  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of  township,  666. 
Auburn,  a  post- village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Memphis  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Bowling  Green, 
and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  It  has  a  high 
school,  4  churches,  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  610. 

Auburn,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  is  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  31 
miles  S.W.  of  Augusta.  The  river,  which  falls  60  feet  near 
this  place,  separates  Auburn  from  the  city  of  Lewiston,  and 
the  Auburn  &  Lewiston  Railroad  connects  both  places  with 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.     It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches, 

2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  the  Auburn  High  School, 
2  newspaper  oflBces,  a  furniture-factory,  a  large  cotton-mill, 
a  tannery,  a  foundry,  and  extensive  manufactories  of  boots 
and  shoes.  The  capital  employed  in  the  shoe  business  in 
Auburn  is  $1,000,000.  In  1876,  3,665,700  pairs  of  boots 
and  shoes,  valued  at  $3,000,000,  were  manufactured  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9555;  in  1890,  11,250. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  in 
Auburn  township,  on  the  Norwich  <fc  Worcester  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public 
library.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1532. 

Auburn,  formerly  Skinner,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co., 
Mich.,  9  miles  W.  of  Bay  City,  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Auburn,  a  station  in  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Hast- 
ings &  Dakota  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  the  Auburn 
Academy.  Here  is  a  deposit  of  fine  white  sand  fit  for  the 
manufacture  of  glass. 

Auburn,  an  enterprising  post-town,  the  capital  of 
Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on  2  railroads,  38  miles  S.  of  Nebraska 
City,  and  84  miles  N.  of  Atchison,  Kan.  It  has  6  churches, 
2  banks,  4  newspaper  ofSces,  and  numerous  stores  and 
other  business  concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  1537. 

Auburn,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  Auburn 
Station,  on  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  is  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  815. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Oldman's 
Creek,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  4  miles  from 
Swedesborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Auburn,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
where  it  crosses  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  77  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Rochester,  173  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany,  and  31 
miles  S.  of  Oswego.  It  is  built  on  both  sides  of  the  outlet  of 
Owasco  Lake,  which  lies  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  the  city.  The 
site  is  undulating,  or  moderately  uneven,  and  the  streets 
present  some  deviations  from  a  rectangular  plan.  Some  of 
the  streets  are  lined  with  elegant  residences  and  beautiful 
gardens  and  shrubberies.  The  principal  public  buildings, 
hotels,  and  places  of  business  are  on  Genesee  street.  They 
are  mostly  built  of  stone  or  brick. 

Auburn  is  the  site  of  a  state  prison, — a  large  stone  build- 
ing enclosed  by  a  high  wall.  The  convicts  (about  1200  in 
number)  are  employed  in  various  mechanic  arts  and  manu- 
factures. Within  the  same  enclosure  is  located  one  of  the 
New  York  state  insane  hospitals. 

The  Auburn  Theological  Seminary,  which  was  founded 
in  1821,  is  richly  endowed,  and  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Presbyterians.  It  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about 
50  students,  and  a  library  of  11,000  volumes.  The  Auburn 
Academic  High  School,  founded  in  1866  (new  building, 
1890,  costing  $90,000),  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about 
250  pupils  male  and  female. 

Auburn  has  10  public  schools,  a  ooart-house,  1  private 
and  2  national  banks,  16  churches,  a  state  armory,  academy 
cf  music,  and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  2  daily  and  5 


weekly  newspapers.  Among  the  churches  of  Auburn  3  are 
Baptist,  1  Disciple,  2  Episcopal,  3  Catholic,  3  Methodist,  4 
Presbyterian,  and  1  Universalist.  The  chief  industries  are 
manufactures  of  iron,  carpets,  woollen  goods,  flour,  Ac,  for 
which  the  outlet  affords  motive-power.  There  is  also  a 
manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowing-machines,  said  to  be 
the  most  extensive  in  the  Union.  The  statesman  Wm.  H. 
Seward  resided  for  many  years  in  this  city,  and  was  buried 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  21,924;  in  1890,  25,858. 

Auburn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D.,  7  miles  bj 
rail  N.  of  Grafton.     Pop.  about  250. 

Auburn,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  910.  It 
contains  Waynesburg. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Aabum 
township,  about  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  township,  783. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  on  Pow- 
der River,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Baker  City. 

Auburn,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Pottsville,  and  83  miles  N.W.  of 
Philadelphia.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Schuylkill  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  bolts  and  nuts,  hosiery,  and  brick.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Auburn,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2006.     See  Auburn  Centre,  and  Auburn  Four  Corners. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches,  and  railway 
repair-shops,  cigar  and  safe  manufactures,  and  pickle- 
works.     Pop.  500. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Murfreesborough.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Auburn,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  14  miles  W.  of 
Waxahatchie. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Warrenton.    It  has  a  ladies'  seminary  and  a  grist-mill. 

Auburn,  a  small  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  from  Christianburg,.  It  has  one  free  church,  and  is 
situated  in  a  region  of  great  natural  beauty. 

Auburn,  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Nbwburs. 

Auburn,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  908. 

Anbnrn,  or  Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  200. 

Anbnrn  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  in  Auburn  township,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Au'burndale,  a  post- village  of  Polk  co.,  Pla.,  72  milee 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Sanford.  It  has  several  church  organ- 
izations.    Pop.  100. 

Anbnmdale,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Charles  River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Newton. 
It  has  a  female  seminary  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Auburndale,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  188  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  176. 

Auburn  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Auburn  Junction,  a  station  in  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Providence,  on  the  Stonington  A  Providence 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad. 

Auburn  Illills,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Anbusson,  5^biis^86N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Creuse,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gu6ret,  on  the 
Crense.  It  has  an  active  trade,  a  celebrated  carpet-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  yam,  velvet,  and 
cotton  thread.     Pop.  6625. 

Auch,  5sh  (anc.  Angus' ta,  afterwards  Aus'ci),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Gers,  on  the  Gers,  and 
on  a  railway,  42  miles  W.  of  Toulouse.  Pop.  14,782.  It 
stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  a  Gothic  cathe- 
dral; the  upper  and  the  lower  town  are  connected  by  a 
curious  bridge  of  stairs  across  the  river.     The  archbishop's 

Ealace,  prefecture,  town  hall,  seminary,  public  library,  and 
arracks  are  fine  edifices.  Anoh  is  the  seat  of  courts  of 
assize  and  commerce,  a  college,  <ic. ;  it  has  manufactures 
of  cottons,  linens,  coarse  woollens,  and  leather,  and  a  trade 
in  wool,  wine,  and  Armagnac  brandy.  In  the  times  of 
Csesar  this  city  was  the  capital  of  the  Autci. 

Ancheehachee,  aw^chee-hatoh'ee,  or  Auchene- 
hatchee,  a  small  river  of  Georgia.    See  Little  Ocmulsee. 

Auchel,  o^shil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Paa-de-Calais, 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norrent-Fontes.     Pop.  2830. 

Auchenaira,  ftK'^n-aiRn',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Lanark,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Glasgow.    At  a  short  distant"* 


AUG 


550 


AUE 


B.W.  of  Auchenaim  is  Robroyston,  where  Wallace  was  be- 
trayed by  the  "fause  Menteath." 

Anchinblae,  6K4n-bli',  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Kincardine.     Pop.  496. 

Auchinleck,  af-flek',  a  village  and  parish  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  and  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Ayr.  Pop.  1199.  Here 
are  the  mansion  and  old  castle  of  the  Boswell  family,  visited 
and  described  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  1773. 

Auchterarder,  ftKH^r-aB'd^r,  a  town  and  parish  of 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Perth. 
Pop.  of  town,  2599.  The  town  is  on  the  Ruthven,  an 
affluent  of  the  Earn.  In  this  parish  originated  the  dispute 
which  led  to  the  secession  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland. 

Auchternmchty,  dKH^r-muK'tee,  a  royal  burgh  and 
parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  a  railway,  8  miles  W.S.W. 
•f  Cupar,  on  the  road  to  Kinross.    Pop.  of  town,  2195. 

Ancil'la,  or  Ocil'la,  a  river  of  Florida,  forms  the 
dividing  line  between  Taylor  and  JefiFerson  counties,  and 
empties  into  Appalachee  Bay. 

Ancilla*  formerly  Williamsburg,  a  post- village  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Aucilla  River,  and  on  the  Florida 
Central  &,  Peninsular  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Aucilla,  a  post-village  of  Thomas  co.,  6a.,  83  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Albany,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Thomasville. 

Auckland,  awk'l^nd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal., 
20  miles  from  Dinuba. 

Auckland,  awk'land,  the  northern  provincial  district 
of  New  Zealand,  comprising  half  of  North  Island,  about 
400  miles  long.  The  climate  is  heathful,  mild,  and  equable, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Gold,  copper,  tin,  iron,  coal,  Kauri 
gum,  timber,  and  flax  are  exported. 

Auckland,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  formerly  the  cap- 
ital of  Auckland  province,  on  Waitamata  Inlet  (a  capaoioai 
harbor).  Railways  connect  it  with  Onehunga  and  Mercer. 
It  has  a  large  foreign  and  coastwise  sea-trade ;  is  the  seat 
of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops;  has  several  daily  and 
weekly  papers,  a  hospital,  a  lunatic  asylum,  orphanages, 
a  dispensary,  a  college  affiliated  to  the  New  Zealand  Univer- 
sity, a  savings-bank,  several  churches  and  charitable  institu- 
tions, and  numerous  manufacturing  establishments.  Kauri 
gum,  timber,  fibres,  cordage,  and  wool  are  exported.  Auck- 
land is  the  third  port  in  the  colony  in  the  value  of  exports 
and  imports.  Its  exports  in  one  year  have  amounted  to 
over  £2,000,000.    P.  in  1891,  28,613  ;  with  suburbs,  51,127. 

Auckland,  England.  See  Bisbop-Aucklani),  and 
West  Auckland. 

Auckland  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  British  Burmah,  in 
Tenasserim,  sheltered  by  some  islands  of  the  Mergui  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  12°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  40'  E. 

Auckland  Islands,  a  group  of  one  large  and  several 
small  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  50°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  166°  42'  E.  The  largest  island  is  about 
30  miles  long  and  15  miles  broad,  has  two  good  harbors,  and 
is  covered  with  vegetation.  They  have  a  good  climate  and 
abundant  wood  and  water,  but  are  uninhabited.  They  are 
claimed  by  Great  Britain. 

Aucula,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Acxjuapendente. 

Aucut'ta,  one  of  the  Laccadive  Islsmds,  off  the  Malabar 
coast.  Lat.  10°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  17'  E.  It  is  about  3i  miles 
in  length,  and  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

Aude,  od  (anc.  A' tax),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Pyrenees,  near  Angles,  flows  N.  to  Carcassonne,  thence  E. 
to  the  Mediterranean,  which  it  enters  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Narbonne.  Length,  130  miles,  almost  wholly  within  the 
department  of  Aude. 

Aude,  a  department  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  ancient 
Languedoc,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  departments  of 
H^rault  and  Tarn,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
S.  by  Pyrgn^es-Orientales,  and  on  the  W.  by  Ari6ge  and 
Haute-Garonne.  Capital,  Carcassonne.  Area,  2340  square 
miles.  Pop.  317,372.  Climate  variable.  Soil  generally 
fertile ;  surface  broken  up  by  mountains  and  hills ;  it  con- 
tains iron-mines,  marble-quarries,  and  mineral  waters.  The 
rivers  are  the  Aude,  the  Lers,  the  Berre,  and  the  Or- 
biel,  Orbieu,  and  Cesse,  affluents  of  the  Aude.  The  Canal  of 
Languedoc,  or  Canal  du  Midi,  intersects  this  department 
from  W.  to  E.,  and  the  Canal  of  Robine  or  Narbonne  trav- 
erses the  E.  portion  from  N.  to  S.  Corn  and  wine  are 
raised,  and  form  important  objects  of  commerce.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  and  ironware,  brandy, 
distilleries,  salt-works,  and  potteries.  The  department  is 
divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Carcassonne,  Castel- 
naudary,  Limoux,  and  Narbonne. 

Audegem,  o^d^h^giuo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dender- 
monde.     Pop.  1860. 


Audenarde,  5M$n-aRd',  or  Oudenarde,  ow'd^n- 
aR'd^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt, 

14  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  6237.  It  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  fine  Gothic  town  hall.  Chief  industry, 
tanning  and  brewing.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory 
gained  by  Prince  Eugene  over  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  11th 
of  July,  1708. 

Audenge,  o'd6Nzh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux,  ontheBassin  d'Arcachon.  P.  1070. 

Audenhain,  Sw'd^n-hine^  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  1089. 

Audenhove-Sainte-Marie,  oM^n-ov'-s&Nt-m&^ree', 
a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  3  miles  S.  of  Sot- 
teghem.     Pop.  2150. 

Audenried,  aw'd§n-reed,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Banks  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mahanoy  City,  and  3  or  4  miles 
S.  of  Hazleton.     It  has  6  churches,  and  rich  coal-mines. 

Aud'enshaw,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  ad- 
joining Ashton-under-Lyne,  4i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Manches- 
ter. Pop.  5228,  employed  in  hat-making,  cotton-printing, 
and  silk-weaving. 

Audierne,  o^de-ainn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finist^re, 
on  the  Bay  of  Aude,  20  miles  W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1775. 

Audincourt,  5MiN»*kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs, 
3  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Montb61iard,  on  the  Doubs.  It 
has  a  Protestant  church,  iron-foundries,  and  cotton-spin- 
ning.    Pop.  3725. 

Audrain,  aw-drSne',  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  675  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Davis  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  by  Rivifere  au 
Cuivre,  which  rises  within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  level 
or  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  proportion  of 
the  county  is  prairie,  and  is  well  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Beds  of  ooal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  and  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroads.  Capital,  Mexico. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,307;  in  1880,  19,732;  in  1890,  22,074. 

Audubon,  aw'doo-bSn  (more  correctly,  o'doo-b5n),  a 
county  in  S.W.  central  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  432 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nishnabatona  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Missouri.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  productive.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Audubon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1212;  in  1880,  7448;  in  1890,  12,412. 

Audubon,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  about  48 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  of  township,  1250. 

Audubon,  an  incorporated  post-town,  the  capital  of 
Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroads,  107  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  6 
churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a 
splendid  system  of  water-works,  and  many  fine  residences. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1520. 

Audubon,  a  post-village  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Lake  Audubon,  40  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fargo. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  and  a  butter-factory. 

Audubon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  45  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Andnbon's  Peak,  Ciolorado,  is  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Long's  Peak.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  13,173  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  timber-line 
is  at  the  height  of  11,325  feet,  below  which  its  slopes  are 
covered  with  forests.  Lat.  40°  5'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  105°  37'  26"  W. 

Aue,  6w'§h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Zwickau,  has  an  old  town  house,  a  school,  and  a  tin-furaace 
and  stamping-mill.  In  the  neighborhood  are  tin-mines, 
beds  of  porcelain  earth,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  2237. 

Aue,  the  name  of  several  rivers  in  Germany,  particularly 
of  two  in  Hanover,  one  of  which  joins  the  Aller,  near  Oelle, 
and  the  other  falls  into  the  Elbe,  below  Horneburg. 

Auerbach,  Sw'^r-biK^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony, 

15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwickau.  It  has  manufactures  of  mus- 
lin, calico,  lace,  needles,  and  potash.     Pop.  4625. 

Auerbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  on  a  hill 
abounding  with  caverns,  18  miles  S.  of  Baireuth.   Pop.  1675. 

Auerbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on  a  railway, 
12  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.  It  has  mineral  springs.  Pop.  1469. 

Auersberg,  5w'§rs-bfiRG\  or  Auersperg,  ow'^rs- 
p8RG^  (anc.  Arupiumf),  a  village  and  castle  of  Austria,  in 
Carniola,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laybach.    Pop.  1000. 

Auerst&dt,  6w'?r-st8tt\  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  miles  W.  of  Naumburg.  Here  the  French  under  Davoust 
vanquished  the  Prussians,  October  14,  1806.     Pop.  547. 

Auerswalde,  ow'^rz-^iPd^h,  a  village  of  the  kingdom 
of  Saxony,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankenberg.     Pop.  1536. 


AUF 


551 


AUG 


Aufidena,  the  ancient  name  of  Alfioena. 

AnfiduS)  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ofanto. 

Auga,  a  Latin  name  of  Eu. 

Augan,  o^g6Ko',  a  Tillage  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  9  miles  W.  of  Guer.     Pop.  1825. 

Augdeh,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Aoseh. 

Auge,  5zh,  or  Vall6e  d'Auge,  virii'dSzh',  a  country 
of  France,  department  of  Calvados.  It  is  fertile  in  grain, 
firuit,  and  flax,  and  has  excellent  pasturage,  in  which  the 
finest  horses  and  cattle 'of  Normandy  are  reared. 

Angerolles,  o*zh§h-r611',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  8  miles  S.E.  of  CourpiSre.     Pop.  2603. 

Anggen^  dwg'ah^n,  a  Tillage  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  2 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Mulheim.     Pop.  1322. 

Auggur,  awg^gur',  or  A'gur',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Oojein,  lat.  23°  43'  N,,  Ion.  76°  1'  E.,  on  a  rocky 
height  1598  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  stone 
wall,  but  is  chiefly  composed  of  mud  houses.     Pop.  30,000. 

Aughabey^  aw^H&-b&',  an  important  coal  (Ustrict  of 
Ireland,  on  the  N.  border  of  the  co.  of  Koscommon. 

Augher,  aw'H^r,  a  town  and  castle  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Tyrone,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Clogher.     Pop.  615. 

Aughuacloy,  awH^na-kloy',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Tyrone,  11  miles  N.  of  Monaghan.     Pop.  1465. 

Aughrim,  Ireland.    See  Aghrih. 

Aughwick  (Sg'wik)  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Pa.,  on  Aughwick  Creek,  and  on  the  East  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Mount  Union  Junction.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Augila  and  Aiuila,  North  Africa.    See  Aujeela. 

Augium  f  a  Latin  name  of  Eu. 

Auglaize,  aw-glaze'  or  aw'glaze,  a  river  of  Ohio, 
is  formed  by  two  nearly  equal  branches,  which  unite  in 
Putnam  co.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Defiance.  It  runs  nearly 
northward,  and  enters  the  Maumee  River  at  Defiance.  One 
of  the  branches,  called  Blanchard's  Fork,  rises  in  Hardin 
CO.  and  runs  northward  to  Findlay,  below  which  its  course 
is  westward.  The  other  branch  (which  is  perhaps  the  main 
stream)  rises  in  Hardin  co.,  runs  southwestward  to  "Wapa- 
koneta,  and  thence  northward  to  the  junction.  Each  branch 
is  about  100  miles  long. 

Anglaize,  a  county  in  the  W.part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Auglaize 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  the  Scioto  and 
St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  In- 
dian com,  oats,  hay,  Ac.  Upper  Silurian  limestone  of  the 
Helderberg  group  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the  soil.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Rail- 
road, which,  running  direct  N.  and  S.,  divides  it  into  two 
portions;  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  and  the 
Miami  <fc  Erie  Canal.  Capita],  Wapakoneta.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,041;  in  1880,  25,444;  in  1890,  28,100. 

Auglaize,  or  Grand  Auglaize,  a  small  river  of 
Missouri,  rises  in  Laclede  co.,  runs  northward,  and  en- 
ters the  Osage  River  in  Camden  co.  The  main  stream 
is  termed  the  Grand  Auglaize,  and  also  the  Grand  Glaze. 
Branches. — The  Dry  Auglaize,  named  from  the  circumstance 
that  some  of  its  sources  are  in  the  tract  called  the  "  Dry 
Glaze,"  in  Laclede  co.,  after  intersecting  Camden  co.,  joins 
the  other  branch  to  form  the  Grand  Auglaize.  The  Wet 
Auglaise  is  chiefly  comprised  in  Camden  co.,  and  derives 
its  name  from  the  tract  called  the  "  Wet  Glaze,"  through 
which  it  flows. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Camden  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1934. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2109. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1696. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  788. 

Auglaize,  a  station  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  6  miles  from  Ohio  City. 

Auglaize  River,  a  station  in  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Akron  &  Western  Railroad. 

Au  Gres,  or  Au  Grais,  Q  grSz,  a  river  of  Michigan, 
rises  in  a  lake  in  Ogemaw  co.,  and  flows  S.E.  into  Saginaw 
Bay.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Au  Gres,  or  Au  Grais,  a  post-village  of  Arenac  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  38  miles  N.  by  E. 
from  Bay  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  2  hotels, 
a  shingle-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  Here  is  a  boom  for 
rafting  logs.     Pop.  123 ;  of  the  township,  531. 

Augs'burg  (Qer.  pron.  5wgs'b55R6 ;  anc.  Augtu'ta  Vin- 
delico'rum),  a  city  of  Bavaria,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Swabia  and  Neuburg,  at  the  angle  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Wertaoh  and  the  Lech,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Munich. 
Lat.  (St.  Ulrio's  Tower)  ^8"  21'  42"  N.j  Ion.  10°  64'  16"  E. 


Augsburg  has  been  long  distinguished  by  its  commercial 
spirit  and  by  the  activity  and  industry  of  its  inhabitants, 
and  is  the  seat  of  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton,  spin- 
ning and  weaving,  flax,  silk,  machinery,  paper,  brass,  chem- 
icals, watches,  jewelry,  leather,  &o.  It  contains  several 
gymnasia,  art  schools,  industrial,  polytechnic,  theological, 
and  other  schools,  and  a  splendid  picture-gallery.  An  ex- 
tensive trade  is  done  in  printing,  engraving,  and  bookbind- 
ing, and  the  "AUgemeine  Zeitung,"  the  leading  journal 
of  Germany,  started  in  1798,  is  published  here.  But  the 
branches  of  business  to  which  the  city  owes  its  importance 
are  banking  and  stock  exchange  operations,  Augsburg  being 
one  of  the  most  influential  money  markets  on  the  continent. 
It  is  also  the  emporium  of  the  merchandise  and  the  chief 
mart  for  the  sale  of  wines  of  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  the  S.  of 
Germany,  and  hence  has  an  extensive  transit  trade.  It  is 
connected  by  a  railroad  with  Munich,  and,  in  the  oppogit« 
direction,  with  Nuremberg,  Bamberg,  and  Saxony.  Augs- 
burg is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  the  Emperor  Augustus 
having  established  a  colony  there  about  12  B.C.  It  early 
took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Reformation,  with  which  for 
a  long  series  of  years  its  history  is  closely  connected.  Augs- 
burg is  the  birthplace  of  Holbein  the  elder,  and  of  other 
eminent  artists.     Pop.  in  1880,  61,408 ;  in  1890,  75,623. 

Angst,  6wGst,  two  contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland, 
cantons  of  Basel  and  Aargau,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Ergolz,  6  miles  E.  of  Basel,  and  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Augtu'ta  Raxn-aco'rum.     Pop.  897. 

Angstholz,  5w6st'h6lt8,  or  Augstholzbad,  owost'- 
hilts-bit*,  a  bathing-place  in  Switzerland,  near  the  B.  side 
of  Baldegger-See,  in  the  N.E.  of  Lucerne. 

Au'gurville,  a  village,  4  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Augusta,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Agosta. 

Angns'ta,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  two  head-streams  of  the  Shenandoah,  called  Middle 
River  and  South  River.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the 
S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Great 
Valley  of  Virginia.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys ;  the  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Forests 
of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  beech,  sugar-maple,  wild 
cherry,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  hay, 
Indian  com,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  great  part  of  the  soil,  and 
among  its  other  minerals  is  iron  ore.  Weyer's  Cave  is  in 
this  county.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroads,  which  inter- 
sect each  other  at  Staunton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
28,763;  in  1880,  35,710;  in  1890,  37,005. 

Augusta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Woodruff  co..  Ark., 
on  White  River,  about  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
Cotton  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  a  floar-mill.  Pop.  519. 

Augusta,  a  hamlet  of  Santa  Clara  co..  Gal.,  5  miles 
from  Santa  Clara.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Augusta,  a  hamlet  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  near  Brooks- 
ville. 

Augusta,  a  handsome  city  of  Georgia,  the  capital  of 
Richmond  co.,  is  on  the  Savannah  River,  271  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  at  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Georgia  Railroad, 
171  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Atlanta,  132  miles  by  railroad 
N.N.W.  of  Savannah,  and  137  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston. 
It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  and 
is  connected  with  Savannah  by  a  branch  of  the  Georgia 
Central  Railroad.  Thie  Port  Royal  Railroad  extends  from 
this  city  southeastward  112  miles  to  Port  Royal  in  Soutk 
Carolina.  Augusta  is  also  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  and  is  the  head  of 
steamboat  navigation  on  the  river.  The  city  has  7  rail- 
roads and  9  railroad  connections.  It  is  the  third  city  of 
the  state  in  population  and  wealth.  The  streets  are  wide, 
straight,  cross  one  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  lighted 
with  gas  and  electricity.  Three  bridges  over  the  river  con- 
nect Augusta  with  Hamburg,  S.C.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Medical  College  of  Georgia,  which  was  founded  in  1832 
and  has  12  professors.  Among  the  prominent  public  build- 
ings are  the  city  hall,  the  Richmond  Academy,  the  masonic 
hall,  the  medical  college,  and  the  orphan  asylum.  Augusta 
contains  33  churches,  3  hospitals,  2  convents,  several  banks, 
employing  a  capital  of  $2,600,000,  a  high  school  connected 
with  a  system  of  graded  public  schools,  and  newspaper 
oflBces  issuing  3  daily  and  5  weekly  papers.  The  machine- 
shops  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  are  located  here,  besides 
which  there  are  several  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops, 
glass-works,  planing-mills,  flour-mills,  cotton-mills,  a  brew- 
ery, rope-factory,  tobacco-factory,  Ac.  The  prosperity  of 
Augusta  has  been  promoted  by  the  construction  of  »  canal  9 


AUG 


552 


AUM 


i 


miles  long,  which  affords  inMiense  water-power  for  manu- 
faoturing  purposes.  Three  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence — Hall,  Walton,  and  Guinnett — are  buried  in 
this  city.  Pop.  in  1860,  12,493  j  in  1870,  15,389;  in  1880, 
21,891  ,•  in  1890,  33,400. 

Angnsta^  a  post-village  of  Hancock  oo,,  111.,  in  Augusta 
township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 36  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  ploughs, 
brooms,  and  woollen  goods.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop.  about 
1200 ;  of  the  township,  1992. 

Augusta^  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Pike 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Indianapolis.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  New  Augusta.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Augusta^  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lockhart 
township,  34  miles  N.E.  of  EvansAdlle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Augusta^  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Augusta  township,  on  the  Skunk  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Burlington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Augusta^  a  post-town  and  railway  junction  of  Butler 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Walnut  Creek,  21  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Wichita. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop,  1343. 

Augusta,  a  post-town  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway,  about  45 
miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
carriage  trimmings,  patent  medicines,  Ac.     Pop.  1750. 

Augusta,  the  capital  of  Maine  and  of  Kennebec  co.,  is 
principally  situated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the -Ken- 
nebec River,  44  miles  from  its  mouth,  Lat.  44°  19'  N. ; 
Ion.  69°  50'  W.  By  railroad  it  is  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port- 
land, and  75  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  is  at  the  head  of 
navigation  from  the  sea,  and  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, which  here  crosses  the  Kennebec  River  by  a  bridge 
1100  feet  long.  There  is  a  fine  granite  state-house,  rebuilt 
and  enlarged  in  1890  at  a  cost  of  $150,000,  and  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  river  is  the  state  asylum  for  the  insane  (to 
which  large  additions  costing  $250,000  were  made  in  1889- 
80),  and  a  United  States  arsenal.  A  United  States  govern- 
ment building,  containing  the  post-office,  pension-office,  and 
court-house,  and  costing  $192,000,  was  built  in  1888-90. 
Augusta  contains  a  city  court-house,  enlarged  and  rebuilt 
in  1891,  10  churches,  5  banks,  5  large  cotton-mills,  a  pulp- 
mill,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily,  4  weekly,  and 
9  monthly  periodicals.  It  has  public  water-works,  electric 
lights,  electric  street-cars,  fine  school  buildings,  and  numer- 
ous manufacturing  industries,  for  which  the  river  affords 
abundant  water-power.  Pop.  in  1870,  7808 ;  in  1880,  8665 ; 
in  1890,  10,527. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Battle  Creek,  and  130  miles  W.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  large 
publishing-house,  2  flour-mills,  2  saw-mills,  2  elevators,  a 
trunk-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.  A  large  trade  in 
grain  is  carried  on  here.     Pop.  498. 

Augusta,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1769.    Its  post-office  is  Paint  Creek. 

Augusta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Leaf  River,  about  100  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of 
Jackson,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Hattiesburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  45  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  It  is  3  miles 
from  Augusta  Station,  vhich  is  at  Boles,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Augusta,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown,  and  on  the  Sussex  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Branchville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
a  cotton-factory,  <fce, 

Augusta,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co,,  N.Y.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Oriskany 
Falls,  Augusta,  and  Knoxborough.  It  has  9  churches,  a 
woollen-factory,  5  grist-mills,  and  5  saw-mills.     Pop.  2238. 

Augusta,  or  Augusta  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Augusta  township,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Utica.  It  has  an  academy,  several  churches,  and  mills. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Augusta.    Pop.  147. 

Augusta,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  oo.,  0.,  in  Augusta 
township,  5  miles  from  Kensington  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  4  stores.  Coal  and  lime- 
■tone  abound  here.     Pop.  about  200 ;  of  the  township,  1015. 


Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  136  milea 
N.  of  the  city  of  Houston.  It  has  a  church,  2  general  stores, 
and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Augusta,  a  city  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  22  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  lumber-  and  flour-mills, 
a  cheese-factory,  several  creameries,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  brick,  <fec.     Pop.  1187. 

Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  ^ouste. 

Augusta  Auscorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Auch. 

Augusta  Bagienuorum.    See  Bene. 

Augusta  Cove,  or  War'blington,  a  post-village  in 
Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  20  miles  from  Summer- 
side.     Pop.  180, 

Augusta  Emerita,  the  ancient  name  of  Mebioa. 

Augusta  Praetoria,  the  ancient  name  of  Aosta. 

Augusta  Rauracorum.    See  Augst. 

Augusta  Suessionum,  the  ancient  name  of  Soissons. 

Augusta  Taurinorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Turin. 

Augusta  Town  Hall,  Ontario.     See  Chakleville. 

Augusta  Treviroruin,  the  ancient  name  of  Treves. 

Augusta  Veromanduorum.     See  Saint-Quentin. 

Augus'taville,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  in  Lower  Augusta  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury. 
It  has  several  churches, 

Augusta  Vindelicorum.    See  AoesBCRo. 

Augustenborg,  3w'goos-t§n-boKG\  a  ducal  castle  and 
village  of  Prussia,  island  of  Alsen.     Pop.  1089. 

Augustenborg,  6w'goo8-t9n-boRG\  a  factory  of  Africa, 
Gold  Coast. 

Au'gustin  Island,  Alaska,  is  situated  in  Kamishak 
Bay,  near  the  entrance  of  Cook's  Inlet, 

Augustinusga,  Sw-gUs-tin-iis'Hi,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  17  miles  E.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Augustobona,  the  ancient  name  of  Troyes. 

Augustodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Actun. 

Augustomagus,  the  ancient  name  of  Senlis. 

Augustonemetum.    See  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Augustoritum  Lemovicum.    See  Limoges. 

Augustovo,  Augustowo,  Sw-goos-to'vo,  or  Au- 
gustow,  6w-goos-tov',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  prov- 
ince of  Suvalki,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Warsaw.  Its  importance 
rests  upon  the  Augustovo  Canal,  which  commences  here 
and  connects  the  Vistula  and  Niemen.     Pop.  9354. 

Aiueela,  Aiyila,  Augila,  aw-jee'l&  or  5w-jee'l&,  or 
Audja,  fiw'j&,  an  oasis  and  town  of  Africa,  Sahara,  on  a 
route  between  Fezzan  and  Lower  Egypt,  160  miles  S.E.  of 
the  Great  Syrtis.     Lat.  about  29°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  22°  E. 

Aula,  5w'ia,  or  Aulla,  Swl'li,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  on  the  Magra,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Carrara.    Pop.  5181. 

Aulan'der,  a  post-town  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  34  mile? 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Tarboro.     It  has  2  churches. 

Auldearn,  awl'daim,  a  maritime  parish  and  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Nairn.  E,  of  the  village,  in  May,  1645, 
Montrose  gained  the  battle  of  Auldearn.     Pop.  350. 

Auletta,  6w-l4t'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2997. 

Aullagas,  Cwl-yl'g&s,  called  also  Poopo  Choro, 
Pansa,  and  Uros,  oo'ros,  a  lake  of  Bolivia,  which  re- 
ceives the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Titioaoa  through  the  Desa- 
guadero.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Aullville,  all'vil,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Lexington  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
1 7  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  several  churches  and  a 
steam  flouring-mill. 

Aulnay,  SPni',  or  Aunay,  o'ni',  the  name  of  several 
villages  in  France. 

AuInay-de-Saintonge,  sPn^'d^h-siN^^tiNzh',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  department  of  Charente-Inf6rieure,  12  milen 
N.E.  of  St.-Jean-d'Anggly.     Pop.  1980. 

Aulnay- sur-Odon,  orna'siiR-o*d6No',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Calvados,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Vire,  on 
the  Odon.     Pop.  1921. 

Aulne,  on,  a  river  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  passes  ChS,- 
teauneuf-du-Faou  and  Cha.teaulin,  and  enters  Brest  Road  at 
the  promontory  of  Landevennec. 

Aulona,  an  ancient  name  of  Avlona. 

Aulps,  a  town  of  France.     See  Aups. 

Ault,  5,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Somme,  on  tn*. 
English  Channel,  17  miles  W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1490. 

Aultsville,  olts'vil,  a  thriving  post-village  in  Stormont 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  north  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on 
a  railway,  83  miles  W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  300. 

Auma,  Sw'mS,,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Sase- 
Weimar,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Neustadt-an-der-Orla.     Pop.  2554. 

Aumackstown,  New  Jersey,    See  Cedar  Creek, 

Aumale,o^ma,r(formerly  Albemarle,  M^beh-maRl'), 


AUM 


553 


AUR 


»  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-Inf^rieure,  on  the 
Bresle,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Neufchatel.     Pop,  2229. 

Anmale  (Arab.  Sook'-Ghozldn ;  anc.  Auzea),  a  walled 
town  of  Algeria,  78  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers.  It  has  a  hospital, 
convent,  mills,  and  military  depot.     Pop.  5100. 

Au'man's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Au'mick,  a  lake  on  the  Maganetawan  River,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Parry  Sound,  Ontario,  is  of  very  irregular  form,  and 
its  shores  are  covered  with  forests. 

Anmnier,  awm-neer',  a  populous  town  of  India,  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Nagpoor,  on  the  Wurdah. 

AnmsTille,  awmz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
Oregon,  4  miles  from  Turner  Station,  and  about  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Salem.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Aunay,  5'ni',  towns  of  France.    See  Atjlnat. 

Aunean,  5^n5',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure- 
et-Loir,  14  miles  E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1735. 

Auneuil ,  o^nul',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Oise, 
»  miles  S.W.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1124. 

Aunis,  5'neece'  or  3'nee',  an  old  province  in  the  W.  of 
France,  between  Saintonge,  Poitou,  and  the  Atlantic,  form- 
ing, with  Saintonge,  the  modern  department  of  Charente- 
Inflrieure.     Capital,  La  Rochelle. 

Anps,  or  Aulps,  5ps,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Var,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2596. 

Aur,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Aor. 

Aurahi,  aw-r4-hee',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  3717. 

Aura'ria,  a  post-village  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga.,  about  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  Gold  is  found  here.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  stamp-mills. 

Auras,  Sw'rls,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  11  miles  N.NW. 
of  Breslau,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  968. 

Anray,  3^ri',  a  river-port  of  France,  department  of  Mor- 
bihan,  on  the  Auray,  10  miles  W.  of  Yannes.  It  is  neatly 
built,  and  has  an  excellent  port,  with  fisheries,  and  cotton- 
spinning.     Pop.  4542. 

Aurdale,  awr'dal,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  287. 

Aure,  OR,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Calvados,  an 
affluent  of  the  Drome.     Total  course,  N.N.W.,  20  miles. 

Aure,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Eure-et-Loir,  an 
affluent  of  the  Eure  from  the  left.    Course,  E.N.E.,  32  miles, 

Aure,  or  Val  d'Aure,  v3,l  dSR,  one  of  the  four  valleys 
of  Upper  Armagnac,  Hautes-Pyr^nees,  in  France. 

Anre'lia,  a  post-town  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa,  66  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  several  grain-elevators,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  663. 

AnreMian  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co., 
N.C,  15  miles  from  Weldon,     Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Aurelius,  aw-reel'yils,  a  post- village  of  Aurelius  town- 
ship, Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Mason,  and  about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200;  of  township,  1330. 

Aurelius,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  borders 
on  Cayuga  Lake,  and  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  (Aurelius  Station).  It  contains  the 
village  of  Cayuga.  Aurelius  Post-Office  is  4  or  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Auburn.     Pop.  of  township,  1982. 

Aurelius,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  799. 

Aurelius  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  between  Auburn  and 
Cayuga  Bridge. 

Aureoli,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Loriol. 

Auriac,  3're-ik',  a  small  town  of  France,  department 
of  Haute-Garonne,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1680. 

Aurich,  Sw'riK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Emden,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal. 
Pop,  4264.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle,  Lutheran 
and  Calvinistic  churches,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  public  library, 
also  distilleries,  manufactures  of  ropes  and  tooacco,  and  an 
active  trade  in  horses. 

Auriesville,  aw'reez-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  about  4  miles  below  Fonda. 
It  has  a  church,  a  brick-yard,  and  2  hotels.  Much  hay  is 
shipped  here  on  the  Erie  Canal. 

Aurignac,  5^reen^yik',  a  small  town  of  France,  Haute- 
Garonne,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1479. 

Anrigny,  Channel  Islands.    See  Aldernet. 

Aurillac,  o^reeryik'  (anc.  Aureli'acum),  a  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Cantal  (Auvergne),  on 
a  railway,  269  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  is  situated  on  the  Jor- 
dane,  is  well  built,  and  walled.  The  houses  are  covered 
with  slates,  and  the  streets,  though  irregular,  are  wide,  and 
are  irrigated  by  the  overflowings  of  a  large  reservoir  at  the 
top  of  the  town,  into  which  two  fountains  pour  their  copious 
36 


supplies.  Among  the  ancient  buildings  of  Aurillac  may  be 
mentioned  the  castle  of  St.  Stephen,  the  church  of  St.  Ge- 
raud,  that  of  Notre-Dame  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  the 
college,  an  extensive  pile  of  buildings,  containing  a  valuable 
library  and  a  cabinet  of  mineralogy.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  utensils  of  copper,  jewelry,  woollen  stuffs,  car- 
pets, blondes,  lace,  and  paper.     Pop.  (1891)  15,824. 

Auriol,  5^re-ol',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-Rhdne,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Marseilles.    Pop.  4804. 

Auronzo,  dw-ron'zo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  30  milet 
N.E.  of  Belluno,  with  rich  zinc-mines.     Pop.  3942. 

Aurora,  aw-ro'rgi,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala., 
about  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ark.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Ozark.     It  has  3  churches. 

Aurora,  a  city  of  Kane  co..  111.,  in  Aurora  township,  on 
Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Ilail- 
road  at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  39 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and 
44  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  a 
railroad  called  the  Fox  River  Line,  and  a  branch  railroad 
extends  to  this  place  from  Turner.  It  has  increased  rapidly 
in  the  last  decade.  It  contains  2  high  and  9  public  schools, 
Jennings  Seminary  (for  both  sexes),  a  fine  city  hall,  20 
churches,  5  national  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue 
5  daily,  1  semi-weekly  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  stove- 
works,  iron-works,  a  cotton-factory,  a  road-cart  factory,  a 
foundry,  smelting  and  refining  works,  several  machine- 
shops,  4  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  manufactory  of 
silverware,  4  manufactories  of  carriages,  and  3  of  sash  and 
blinds.  Here  are  workshops  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  which  employ  over  1200  men  making 
cars,  <I;c.  It  has  a  stand-pipe  system  of  water-works,  and 
the  city  is  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity.  Pop.  in  1860, 
6011;  in  1880,  11,873;  in  1890,  19,688. 

Aurora,  a  city  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River, 
and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Cincinnati,  and  4  miles  below  Lawrenceburg.  It  con- 
tains 7  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  machine- 
shops,  furniture-factories,  saw-mills,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  parochial  schools.  Its  industries  consist  of  business 
derived  chiefly  from  trade  and  the  navigation  of  the  river. 
Pop. in  1880,  4435;  in  1890,  3927. 

Aurora,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  oo.,  Iowa,  33  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Dyersville. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Cloud  co.,  Kan.,  11  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Concordia.  It  has  a  church  (French  Catholic) 
and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  825. 

Aurora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Aurora,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  25  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  212. 

Aurora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Aurora 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Owatonna,  and  77  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
has  a  church. 

Aurora,  a  city  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  31  miles  S.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank  and  3 
other  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  zinc- 
mines  with  a  weekly  output  of  $13,500  in  value.    Pop.  3482. 

Aurora,  a  city,  capital  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  20  miles  S.  of  Central  City.  It 
has  10  church  organizations,  4  banks,  state  normal  and 
city  public  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  a 
creamery,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  cigars,  &o.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1862. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  about 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Hawthorne.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place.     Pop.  160. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  finely 
situated  on  Cayuga  Lake,  25  miles  by  rail  N.N.VT.  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  large  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  called  Wells  College,  the  Cayuga  County 
Academy,  a  hotel,  a  carriage-factory,  and  many  fine  resi- 
dences.    Pop.  in  1890,  555. 

Aurora,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2577.  See 
Bast  Aurora. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  in  Rich- 
land township,  30  miles  N.E.  of  New-Berne.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Aurora 
township,  and  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  & 
Great  Western  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  2  churches.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  cheese. 
Pop.  of  township,  642. 

Aurora,  or  Aurora  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Marion 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California 


AUR 


554 


AUS 


Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Portland.  It  has  several  mills 
and  stores.     It  is  owned  by  a  German  community. 

Aurora*  a  post-town  of  Brookings  eo.,  S.D.,  6  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Brookings.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  in  1890,  523. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles  from 
Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  masonic  institute,  2  churches,  and 
a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  372. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  8  miles 
from  Oakland,  Md.    It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel.    Pop.  100. 

Aurora,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  Wis.,  about 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Aurora,  a  township  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1020. 

Aurora,  or  Machell's  (ma-shelz')  Corners,  a  vil- 
lage in  York  co.,  Ontario,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Toronto. 
It  contains  3  churches,  a  temperance  hall,  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, printing-oflSce  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  2  telegraph 
offices,  a  foundry,  a  brewery,  several  mills  and  factories,  and 
a  fine  driving-park.     Pop.  1132. 

Aurora,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the  New  Heb- 
rides, in  lat.  15°  2'  35"  S.,  Ion.  168°  25'  15"  E. 

Aurora  Mills,  Marion  co.,  Oregon.    See  Aurora. 

Aurora  Springs,  a  post-town  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  37 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  famed  for  its  medicinal 
waters.     Pop.  800. 

Anro'raville,  or  Auro'rahville,  a  post-village  of 
Waushara  co.,  Wis.,  in  Aurora  township,  on  Willow  Creek, 
7  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Auroraville,  a  township,  Anson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1843. 

Aurungabad,  o-riing-ga-bM'  (i.e.,  the  "abode  of  Au- 
rungzeb"),  a  city  of  Hindostan,  Nizam's  dominions,  180 
miles  B.N.E.  of  Bombay ;  lat.  19°  54'  N.,  Ion.  75°  33'  E. ; 
in  a  hollow,  in  the  neighborhood  of  an  extensive  marsh, 
which,  in  conjunction  with  a  very  variable  climate,  renders 
the  locality  unfavorable  to  health.  It  is  separated  from  its 
principal  suburb  by  the  Kowlah,  across  which  there  are  two 
substantial  bridges.  When  approached  from  the  N.,  the 
view  of  Aurungabad  is  imposing,  its  large  white  domes 
with  gilded  points  and  its  lofty  minarets  appearing  to 
rise  from  the  midst  of  beautiful  groves.  The  city  covers 
a  space  of  about  7  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  stone  wall  with  round  towers ;  the  streets  are  broad, 
some  of  them  paved,  and  there  are  many  large  and  good 
houses;  but  signs  of  rapid  decay  are  everywhere  visible. 
The  mosques,  caravansaries,  and  other  public  buildings  are 
of  substantial  construction.  One  of  the  most  important  edi- 
fices, and  also  in  the  best  state  of  preservation,  is  the  tomb 
or  mausoleum  erected  by  Aurungzeb  (Aurungzebe)  to  the 
memory  of  his  daughter.  Its  domes  are  of  white  marble, 
and  clustered  like  those  of  the  Taj  Mahal,  but  inferior  in 
size,  fulness,  and  splendor.  Originally  a  small  village,  Au- 
rungabad in  1634  became  the  seat  of  the  Mogul  govern- 
ment, and  was  afterwards  a  favorite  residence  of  Aurungzeb, 
from  whom  it  received  its  present  name.     Pop.  about  40,000. 

Ausa,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  AussA. 

Au  Sable,  aw-sib'l',  a  river  of  Michigan,  rises  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  Lower  Peninsula,  by  several  branches  which 
unite  in  the  E.  part  of  Crawford  co.  It  runs  nearly 
southeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Huron  at  Oscoda,  in  Iosco 
00.  The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  about  80  miles. 
It  is  much  resorted  to  by  anglers,  on  account  of  its  grayling. 
Near  its  mouth  is  a  light-house. 

Au  Sable,  a  small  river  of  New  York,  rises  among  the 
Adirondaoks,  in  Essex  co.,  by  two  branches  which  unite 
at  Au  Sable  Forks.  Below  this  point  it  runs  northeastward 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Clinton  and  Essex  cos. 
until  it  enters  Lake  Champlain.  It  is  a  rapid  river,  run- 
ning in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  through  a  deep  chasm. 
See  Au  Sablb  Chasu. 

Au  Sable,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.  Pop.  927. 
It  contains  Minooka. 

Au  Sable,  a  city  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Au  Sable  River,  about  65  miles  direct 
or  89  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  is  contiguous 
to  Oscoda  village,  and  the  combined  population  of  the  two 
was  in  1890,  7921.  Au  Sable  has  8  church  organizations, 
2  banks,  several  large  lumber-mills,  sash-  and  blind-fac- 
tories, 3  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive  salt-works.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1328 ;  in  1890,  4328. 

Au  Sable,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  contains 
Keeseville,  New  Sweden,  and  other  villages.  Iron  is  mined 
and  smelted.  A  branch  railroad,  20  miles  long,  extends 
hence  to  Plattsburg.     Pop.  3207. 

Au  Sable  Chasm,  or  Birmingham  Falls,  a  post- 
Tillage  of  Essex  and  Clinton  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Au  Sable 


River,  2  miles  from  Keeseville,  and  3  miles  from  Port  Kent 
Railroad  Station.  The  river  here  falls  about  60  feet  nnd 
enters  a  deep  and  narrow  chasm  which  is  nearly  2  miles 
long,  and  is  noted  for  picturesque  scenery.  The  vertical 
walls  of  the  chasm  are  formed  of  Potsdam  sandstone,  and 
are  more  than  100  feet  high.  Here  are  two  first-class 
hotels,  and  manufactories  of  horse-nails,  paper,  starch,  Ac. 

Au  Sable  Forks,  a  post-village  of  Essex  and  Clinton 
COS.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Au  Sable  River,  at  the  junction  of  its  two 
branches,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  is  3  miles 
from  Au  Sable  Railroad  Station,  and  is  in  Black  Brook  and 
Jay  townships.  It  has  4  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  forge,  a 
foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  cut  nails  and  horse-nails. 

Anscha,  Sw'shi,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1750. 

AuschAvitz,  Sw'sh^its,  or  Oswiecin,  os-^e-i'tsin,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  a  railway,  near  the  Vistula,  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  3043. 

Ausci,  an  ancient  name  or  AucH. 

Ausejo,  5w-s&'ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  2.^ 
miles  S.E.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  2167. 

Ausona,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  ViCH. 

Ausonia,  an  ancient  name  of  Italy. 

Auspitz,  Sw'spits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  by  raW 
S.S.B.  of  BrUnn.     Pop.  3115. 

Aussa,  6w's8,,  or  Iloussa,  hSw'si,  written  also  Haw- 
asa,  a  decayed  but  formerly  important  town  of  East  Africa, 
in  Adal,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Zeyla,  on  the  salt  lake  of  the 
same  name.  It  is  the  seat  of  some  traffic,  and  the  residence 
of  an  Afar  chieftain  or  sultan.     Pop.  from  5000  to  6000. 

Aussee,  ow^si.',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Hallsfadt.  Its  rich  mines  of  rock  salt  have  been 
worked  for  more  than  1000  years. 

Aussee,  a  village  and  territory  in  Moravia,  Austria- 
Hungary,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Olmutz,  formerly  be- 
longing to  the  Prince  of  Liechtenstein.     Pop.  2135. 

Aussegg,  Sw'sdo,  Aussig,  dw'sio,  Aussjenad,5ws- 
yi-nid',  or  Labem,  li-bem',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohe- 
mia, at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  on 
the  Elbe.  It  mines  and  ships  much  coal,  and  has  numerous 
manufactories  and  large  boat-yards.     Pop.    (1890)  52,041. 

Aussegg,  or  Anssig,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,. 
government  of  Merseburg,  the  headquarters  of  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V.  before  the  battle  of  Mlihlberg.     Pop.  188. 

Austell',  a  post-town  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  18  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Atlanta,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  2  railroads. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  an  extensive  chair-man- 
ufactory, and  several  mineral  springs.     Pop.  about  1 000. 

Austen,  aws't?n,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  115  miles  from  Wheeling. 
Here  are  coal-mines  and  coke-works.     Pop.  about  300. 

Austerlitz,  aws't^r-litz  (Ger.  pron.  5w8't§r-lits;  Morav. 
SlaioJeow,  sl&v'kov),  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Briinn,  on  the  Littawa,  with  3452  inhabitants  and  a  splendid 
castle.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  gained  by  Napoleon 
over  the  Emperors  of  Austria  and  Russia,  December  2,  1805. 

Austerlitz,  or  £ast  Plainfield,  a  post-village  of 
Kent  CO.,  Mich.,  in  Plainfield  township,  on  Grand  River,  2 
miles  from  Belmont  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Austerlitz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.^  in 
Austerlitz  township,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hudson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  of  township,  1442. 

Ans'tin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
navigable  Brazos  River.  A  large  portion  of  the  surface  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  the  N.  part  is  fertile,  and 
in  the  S.  part  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  live-stock, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  The  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
which  running  N.  and  S.  divides  it  into  two  portions. 
Capital,  Belleville.  Pop.  ip  1870, 15,087;  in  1880, 14,429; 
in  1890,  17,859. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fe  Southern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Little  Rock.    It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  mill,  Ac. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  in  Cicero  town- 
ship, on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  7  churches,  a  public  school,  a  bank, 
and  4  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  in  1880, 1359 ;  in  1890,  4051. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  111.     Pop.  713. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  4  miles  from  Scottsburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heads.    Pop.  321. 

Austin,  a  hamlet  of  Sioux  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Big  Sioux 
River,  about  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hawarden. 


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Austin,  a  hamlet  of  Fremont  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nishna- 
batona  River,  about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Council  Bluffs. 

Au still)  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Neosho  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Neosho  River  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Humboldt.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Austin,  a  small  village  of  Amboy  township,  Hillsdale 
CO.,  Mich.,  S  miles  from  Montgomery  Station.  Here  is 
White  Post-Office. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Mecosta  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  416. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grove- 
land  township,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  3  miles  from 
Davisburg  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.,  contains  Cum- 
ber and  Tyre.  It  has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
shingles,  &o.     Pop.  465. 

Austin,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Mower  co., 
Minn.,  101  milei  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  19  miles  by  rail  £.  of 
Albert  Lea.  It  has  8  churches,  a  $75,000  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  1  other  bank,  a  college,  a  high  school  which 
•ost  $50,000,  a  flax-fibre-works,  an  iron-works,  a  bottling- 
works,  a  plough-factory,  cement-works,  railroad  machine- 
shops,  dye-works,  3  flour-mills,  a  packing-house,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  3  weekly  and  2  daily  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3901. 

Austin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tunica  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  45  miles  by  land  S.W.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  in  Austin  town- 
ship, on  Grand  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Harrisonville.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  of  township,  1366. 

Austin,  a  post-borough  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  20  miles  by 
rail  ^!.E.  of  Port  Alleghany.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  extensive  lumber-works. 
Pop.  1679. 

Austin,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lander  co.,  Nevada,  is 
on  the  Nevada  Central  Railroad,  near  the  base  of  the  Toiyabe 
Mountain  range,  93  miles  S.  of  Battle  Mountain,  and  about 
160  miles  E.  of  Virginia  City.  It  is  situated  in  an  arid 
region,  and  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  deep  cafions. 
Here  are  rich  silver-mines,  and  mining  is  the  chief  industry. 
A  daily  newspaper  is  issued  here.  Austin  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  several  quartz-mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  reduction-works.    Pop.  1324. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1512. 

Austin,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Austin,  or  Austin  City,  the  capital  of  Texas  and  of 
Travis  co.,  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  and  on 
the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Brazos  Branch  of  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  164  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Houston,  and 
about  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Antonio.  Lat.  30°  16'  N.  ; 
Ion.  97*^  42'  W.  Austin  contains  the  capitol  or  state-house, 
the  governor's  mansion,  11  churches,  6  banks,  the  Texas 
Military  Institute,  a  Catholic  academy,  state  asylums  for 
the  insane,  blind,  deaf,  and  dumb,  and  a  land-office.  Two 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  A  dam 
1200  feet  long,  to  cost  $1,400,000,  is  in  course  of  construc- 
tion (1892),  to  furnish  power  for  manufacturing  purposes. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4428;  in  1880,  10,960;  in  1890,  14,476. 

Austin,  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Austen, 

Aus'tinburg,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Austinburg  township,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  <fc 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  53  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Youngstown. 
It  has  the  Grand  River  Institute,  4  churches,  2  cheese- 
factories,  2  flour-mills,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township.  1111. 

Austinburg,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsborough.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Aus'tin  Lake,  a  station  in  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Aus'tin's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
on  a  branch  railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Rogersville.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Austin's  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Watauga  River,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  a  «hurch,  a  hotel,  and  2 
medicinal  springs. 

Aus'tintown,  a  post-village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in 
Austintown  township,  and  on  the  Niles  A  New  Lisbon 
Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Niles,  and  5  or  6  miles  W. 
of  Youngstown.    It  has  5  churches.   Pop.  of  township,  1948. 

Aus'tinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about 
44  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Williamsport.     It  has  a  church. 

Austinville,  a  hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on  New 
River,  10  miles  from  Max  Meadows  Railroad  SUtion.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lead-n/ne,  and  a  smelting-furnace  for  lead. 


Austral  Archipelago,  aws'tral  ar-ke-pel'^go,  o> 
Toobooai  (too-boo-!')  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific, 
S.  of  the  Society  Islands,  and  S.W.  of  the  Low  Archipelago 
Lat.  21°  50'-23°  42'  S.;  Ion.  155°-147°  11'  W.  They  are 
all  small,  and  are,  or  have  been,  populous. 

Australasia,  aws-tral-4'she-a,  a  division  of  the  globe 
forming  a  part  of  Oceania,  extending  between  the  equator 
and  lat.  47°  S.,  consisting  of  the  continent  of  Australia,  the 
islands  of  Tasmania,  New  Zealand,  and  the  Fiji  group,  and 
those  parts  of  the  Malay  Archipelago  and  Polynesia  be- 
tween Ion.  130°  and  170°  E.,  viz.,  Papua,  the  Aroo  Islands, 
Timor  Laut,  New  Britain,  New  Ireland,  New  Caledonia, 
and  the  Admiralty,  Solomon,  New  Hebrides,  and  Queen 
Charlotte's  Islands,  and,  according  to  some  geographers, 
some  other  groups.  It  is  also  called  Melanesia  ("black 
islands"),  many  of  its  native  inhabitants  being  black. 
Australasia,  signifying  "  Southern  Asia,"  was  formerly  re- 
garded as  belonging  to  Asia. 

Australia,  aws-tri'le-a  (Fr.  Australie,  osHri^ee'; 
Ger.  Australien,  6ws-tri'le-§n),  {i.e.,  "southern"  region), 
formerly  New  Holland,  the  largest  island  in  the  world, 
but  often,  on  account  of  its  vast  extent,  regarded  as  a  con- 
tinent, is  situated  within  10°  47'  and  39°  11'  S.  lat.,  and  113° 
and  153°  30'  E.  Ion. ;  having  the  Pacific  on  the  E.  and  S., 
the  Indian  Ocean  on  the  W.,  and  the  Arafoora  Sea  on  the 
N.  It  is  2500  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  and  measures 
1950  miles  from  N.  to  S.  The  area  and  population  of  its 
political  divisions  (all  of  them  British  colonies)  and  of  the 
whole  continent  are  approximately  as  follows : 


Colonies, 

Area  in 
square  miles. 

Population, 

Remarks. 

678,600 

326,000 

88,198 

914,730 
978,299 

393,718 
1,134,207 
1,140,411 

315,048 
49,782 

For  1891. 

Kew  South  Wales 

><        u 

Victoria 

n       u 

South      Australia,     with 
Northern  Territory 

(I          u 

Total 

2,984,827 

3,033,166 

The  above  are  official  estimates  for  areas ;  some  of  them 
difiTer  widely  from  other  published  estimates ;  and  the 
population  is  exclusive  of  the  aborigines  of  the  interior, 
whose  numbers  are  placed  at  55,000.  Some  of  the  boundary- 
lines  are  unsettled ;  and  the  above  figures  include  the  area 
and  population  of  the  coast  islands.  The  whole  area  is 
about  that  of  the  United  States  without  Alaska. 

The  coast-line  is  some  8000  miles  long;  and  there  is  a 
conspicuous  paucity  of  inlets,  except  on  the  N.,  where  we 
find  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Van  Diemen's  Gulf,  Queen's 
Channel,  and  Cambridge  Gulf.  On  the  N.W.,  Admiralty 
Gulf,  Collier  Bay,  and  King  Sound  are  noteworthy  indenta- 
tions of  the  coast.  Others  are  Exmouth  Gulf  and  Shark 
Bay,  on  the  W. ;  Spencer  Gulf,  Gulf  of  St.  Vincent,  Port 
Phillip  Bay,  Encounter  Bay,  and  the  Great  Australian  Bight, 
on  the  S. ;  and  Moreton  Bay,  Hervey  Bay,  and  Broad  Sound, 
on  the  E.  Along  the  whole  E.  coast,  from  Cape  York  south- 
ward, extends  a  mountain-range  called  the  Australian  Alps, 
with  various  other  local  names.  This  range  is  1700  miles 
long,  and  has  an  average  height  of  1500  feet,  and  nowhere 
reaches  the  perpetual  snow-line ;  but  it  was  long  a  formi- 
dable barrier  to  communication  with  the  interior.  The  east- 
ern slope  is  thus  very  narrow,  and  its  streams  are  short  and 
rapid,  flowing  frequently  in  deeply-worn  canons;  but  in 
many  oases  their  estuaries  are  deep,  and  serve  as  harbors, 
which  otherwise  would  be  almost  wholly  wanting  on  this 
coast.  On  the  W.  coast  there  is  a  corresponding  mountain- 
range  of  some  extent.  Australia  is  singularly  deficient  in 
large  rivers.  The  Murray  and  its  tributaries,  the  Darling, 
Murrumbidgee,  and  Lachlan,  are  the  largest ;  and  the  main 
stream  afibrds  a  considerable  extent  of  steam  navigation. 
Other  considerable  streams  are  Roper  and  Victoria  Rivers, 
in  the  N. ;  the  Burdekin,  Brisbane,  and  Fitzroy,  in  Queens- 
land; Swan,  Murchison,  Gascoyne,  Fortescue,  De  Grey, 
Glenelg,  Endeavor,  Johnstone,  and  Prince  Regent  Rivers, 
in  the  W.  and  N.W.  In  Victoria  the  longest  streams  are 
the  Glenelg,  Avoca,  Hopkins,  Goulburn,  Loddon,  Wan- 
non,  and  Wimmera,  all  inconsiderable,  but  some  of  great 
importance  in  irrigation  and  in  mining  operations.  Among 
the  streams  of  the  E.  coast  are  the  Ilawkesbury,  Hunter, 
Sho«lhaven,  Clarence,  Macleay,  and  Manning.  The  streams 
are  in  many  cases  dried  up  or  reduced  to  a  succession  of 


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556 


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pools  in  summer.  Lakes,  both  salt  and  fresh,  are  somewhat 
numerous,  but  many  of  them  dry  up  in  summer. 

Geology. — ^Most  of  the  great  geological  stages  of  the 
world's  growth  have  left  their  traces  in  Australia.  The 
great  plains  of  the  interior  are  mostly  of  tertiary  sandstone, 
and  the  remains  of  the  same  epoch  are  everywhere  abun- 
dant, except  in  the  E.,  where  marine  deposits  of  the  tertiary 
age  are  wanting.  Deep  accumulations  of  the  drift  occur  in 
the  S.E.,  often  fossiliferous,  and  not  unfrequently  aurifer- 
ous ;  but  most  of  the  gold  is  from  Lower  Silurian  strata. 
The  Permian  and  Triassic  rooks  have  not  been  observed. 
In  the  eastern  colonies  there  are  very  important  areas  of 
true  carboniferous  formation.  The  mountains,  especially 
westward,  are  largely  of  granite.  There  are  abundant  evi- 
dences of  volcanic  action ;  but  it  is  believed  that  there  is  no 
volcano  now  active  in  the  whole  continent. 

Mineral  Wealth. — Australia  has  since  1851  stood  in  the 
first  rank  for  the  production  of  gold ;  but  the  rich  alluvial 
mines  at  first  worked  are  now  to  a  great  extent  exhausted, 
and  the  present  product  is  mostly  from  quartz-reefs.  Gold 
is  chiefly  worked  in  New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and,  to  some 
extent,  in  Queensland.  Victoria  and  South  Australia,  the 
latter  especially,  have  rich  deposits  of  copper.  Queensland 
and  New  South  Wales  lead  in  the  mining  of  tin.  Good  iron 
ore  and  excellent  coal  are  very  abundant  in  large  areas  of 
the  eastern  colonies.  Valuable  oil-shales  abound.  Cinnabar, 
lead,  and  silver  are  reported  at  various  points.  Diamonds 
have  been  found,  and  other  precious  stones  occur. 

Climate. — The  absence  of  high  interior  mountains  causes 
a  marked  deficiency  in  the  rainfall  of  Australia,  except 
along  the  eastern  border.  Consequently  there  are  great 
areas  of  desert  land,  especially  southwestward ;  and  many 
well-settled  regions  are  exposed  to  hot  winds  from  the  in- 
terior, which  come  laden  with  dust  and  discomfort,  but  are 
not  prejudicial  to  health.  In  the  N.  the  tropical  heats  are 
much  modified  by  a  strong  monsoon.  Australia  is  singularly 
free  from  endemic  and  zymotic  diseases ;  but  in  some  sec- 
tions the  introduction  of  irrigation-works  is  reported  to 
have  induced  the  prevalence  of  fevers.  There  is  very  little 
snow  or  ice  in  Australia,  except  in  the  higher  southern 
mountains  and  during  the  winter  months  (wMch  are  June, 
July,  and  August).  On  the  coast  and  in  the  plains  frosts 
seldom  occur,  even  in  the  extreme  south. 

Vegetation. — The  botany  of  Australia  is  very  remarkable, 
comparatively  few  species  being  common  to  Australia  and 
to  other  quarters  of  the  globe.  Vegetation  in  the  E.  and 
N.  is  much  richer  than  elsewhere.  Of  timber  trees,  the 
genus  Eucalyptus  alone  has  some  400  species,  some  of  them 
exceedingly  valuable  for  their  timber,  bark,  or  gum ;  and 
one  of  them  is  believed  to  afford  the  tallest  trees  in  the 
world.  Many  of  the  trees  are  evergreen,  and  many  have 
vertical  leaves  and  thus  cast  but  little  shade.  The  tewart, 
jarrah,  iron-bark,  and  blue  gum  (all  Eucalypti),  the  he  and 
she  oaks  ( Gasuarina),  several  acacias,  and  some  noble  conif- 
erous trees  {Araucaria,  etc.)  afford  useful  timber.  In  the 
N.  grows  the  baobab,  or  gouty-stem  {Adanaonia  Gregorii). 
The  grass-tree  (a  large  lily)  produces  a  valuable  gum.  There 
are  very  few  native  food-plants  or  useful  indigenous  fruits. 
In  the  desert  tracts  grows  a  useless  Spinifex,  the  character- 
istic plant  of  the  waterless  regions.  The  arable  parts  of 
Australia  have  proved  well  fitted  for  nearly  all  the  crops  of 
Europe  and  America.  Wheat,  barley,  maize,  the  vine,  the 
silk-mulberry,  and  northward  cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  trop- 
ical fruits,  grow  to  perfection.  European  forage  plants  are 
to  some  extent  succeeding  the  native  grasses. 

Animale. — The  zoology  of  Australia  is  even  more  re- 
markable than  its  botany.  There  are  110  known  existing 
species  of  marsupial  mammals  here  (kangaroos,  wombats, 
phalangers,  etc.) :  indeed,  excepting  a  few  American  and 
some  extinct  species,  all  the  known  marsupials  are  Aus- 
tralasian. Australia  has  no  native  carnivora  except  the 
dog,  unless  we  so  designate  the  flesh-eating  marsupials ; 
and  the  ruminating  beasts,  the  monkeys,  and,  indeed,  most 
of  the  higher  animal  orders,  are  wanting.  There  are  over 
20  kinds  of  bats,  and  several  rats ;  these,  with  man,  the  dog, 
some  seals  and  cetaceans,  and  the  dugong  (a  marine  sirenian, 
valuable  for  its  oil),  are  the  only  native  placental  mammals. 
There  are  two  or  three  bird-like  monotremata,  of  which  the 
duck-billed  platypus  is  the  most  remarkable.  Of  the  birds 
we  may  notice  the  black  swan,  the  emu,  and  the  brush 
turkeys,  which  hatch  their  young  in  mounds  of  fermenting 
rubbish.  There  are  many  parrots,  and  not  a  few  valuable 
game-birds.  Of  reptiles,  two  species  of  crocodile  occur  in 
the  N.,  and  there  are  many  lizards  and  serpents,  most  of 
the  latter  venomous,  and  some  of  them  deadly.  Batraehians 
abound ;  and  the  sea-fisheries  are  valuable,  as  well  as  those 
of  the  river  Murray.     Several  very  singular  fresh-water 


fishes  have  been  described.  Of  the  domestic  animals,  the 
sheep  is  the  most  important,*  and  the  wool  of  Australia 
ranks  as  its  most  valuable  commercial  product, — surpassing 
in  quantity,  and  certainly  equalling  in  quality,  that  of  any 
other  country.  Horses  are  largely  bred  for  ejcportation  to 
India.  The  camel  has  been  introduced  to  some  extent,  and 
has  done  good  service  in  the  explorations  of  the  interior. 

The  native  peoples  of  Australia  are  of  many  tribes  and 
languages,  but  appear  to  be  of  one  original  stock,  somewhat 
closely  allied  to  the  Papuan,  and  more  remotely  to  the 
Negrillo  races  of  the  Malay  archipelago.  They  are  very 
degraded,  have  slender  religious  notions,  and  have  no  agri- 
culture, and  no  navigation  except  in  the  rudest  canoes  and 
floats.  They  practise  cannibalism  to  some  extent,  and  live 
mainly  by  hunting  and  fishing,  but  devour  worms,  insects, 
and  such  other  repulsive  objects.  Their  dwellings  and 
clothing  are  of  the  simplest  kind.  A  recent  authority  states 
that  they  learn  the  English  language  with  wonderful  facility 
and  are  by  no  means  deficient  in  good  sense.  Those  of  the 
N.  and  N.W.  stand  highest  in  point  of  intelligence.  They 
use  the  spear  and  the  boomerang  in  war  and  in  hunting. 

History. — Australia  is  mentioned  as  GVeat  Java  and  as 
Terra  Australia  by  Portuguese  and  Dutch  authorities  of 
the  sixteenth  century.  The  Spaniard  Torres,  and  the 
Dutch  explorers  Hartog  and  Tasman,  explored  large  por- 
tions of  its  coast,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  New  Holland ; 
but  no  colonization  was  attempted  until  1788,  after  Cook  had 
examined  a  large  portion  of  the  coast  and  taken  a  formal 
possession  of  the  same  as  British  territory.  The  Australian 
colonies  were  penal  institutions,  a  large  share  of  the  settlers 
being  convicts,  up  to  1837,  since  which  time  comparatively 
few  felons  have  been  sent  out,  and  these  chiefly  to  Western 
Australia, — the  sentence  being  to  "  penal  servitude"  instead 
of  to  mere  "  transportation."  Some  notice  of  the  settlement 
of  each  of  the  colonies  will  be  found  under  the  appro- 
priate headings.  Sheep-raising  was  introduced  in  1803,  and 
wool  has  since  been  the  principal  commercial  staple  of  the 
country.  Gold  was  discovered  in  1851,  and  since  that  time 
no  small  share  of  the  world's  supply  of  that  metal  has  been 
from  this  quarter.  Where  rains  are  suflBcient,  and  where 
irrigation  is  practicable,  general  agriculture  receives  profit- 
able attention.  New  South  Wales  is  becoming  the  seat  of 
important  manufactures.  All  the  colonies  are  virtually 
autonomic,  but  the  governors  are  appointed  by  the  crown, 
and  the  home  government  baa  certain  reserved  prerogatives. 
The  recent  extension  of  railway  facilities,  and  the  con- 
nection of  Australia  with  Asia  and  Europe  by  telegraph 
cable,  have  much  facilitated  business.  An  interesting  part 
of  Australian  history  is  the  record  of  interior  exploration. 
This  has  been  going  on,  in  spite  of  many  obstacles,  ever 
since  1800,  and  is  by  no  means  yet  complete.  The  names 
of  Hunter,  Oxley,  Sturt,  Leichardt,  Stuart,  Mitchell,  Eyre, 
Burke,  Wills,  Howitt,  Warburton,  and  Forrest  are  promi- 
nent in  this  connection ;  and  the  general  result  of  the  work 
is  the  establishment  of  the  fact  that  great  areas  of  the  west 
and  centre  are  hopelessly  desert. 

Australia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  oo..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River. 

Anstra'lian  Alps,  a  mountain-range  of  Australia,  in 
the  colonies  of  Victoria  and  New  South  Wales,  extending 
from  lat.  38°  S.,  Ion.  146°  36'  E.,  in  a  N.E.  direction  for 
about  200  miles,  and  forming  part  of  the  great  Australian 
chain  from  Wilson's  Promontory  to  Cape  York. 

Austrasia,  Austrasie.  See  Ostrasia. 

Austria- Hungary,  aws'tre-9.-hQng'g^-re,  or  the 
Aus'tro-Hunga'rian  Mon'archy  (Fr.  Autriche-Hon- 
grie,  oHreesh'-hiNo^gree',  or  Monarchic  Austro-Hongroise, 
mo^nar^she'  osHro'-h6N»^grwiz' ;  Ger.  Oesterreich-unga- 
rische  Monarchic,  os't^r-riK^-SSn-gi're-shfh  mo-nar-Ke'), 
an  extensive  empire  of  Central  Europe,  and  one  of  the  six 
great  European  powers.  It  is  mostly  included  between  lat. 
42°  and  51°  N.,  and  Ion.  9°  and  26°  E.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Prussia  and  Russian  Poland,  E.  by  Russia  and 
Moldavia,  S.  by  Turkey,  S.W.  by  the  Adriatic  Sea,  and  W. 
by  Bavaria,  Italy,  and  Switzerland.  Capital,  Vienna.  Area, 
240,942  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  41,345,118.  This 
empire  is  a  heterogeneous  combination  of  various  states  or 
countries  inhabited  by  peoples  differing  from  one  another 
in  race,  language,  religion,  and  laws. 

Physical  Features. — This  is  the  most  mountainous  coun- 
try of  Europe  except  Switzerland.  Tyrol  and  Styria,  which 
are  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  empire,  are  occupied  by  several 
groups  of  Alpine  mountains,  called  the  Rhaetian,  Norio,  Car- 
nic,  Julian,  and  Dinaric  Alps.  The  highest  mountain  in 
the  empire  is  the  Ortler-Spitze,  a  peak  of  the  Rhaetian  Alps, 
which  has  an  altitude  of  12,814  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
The  long  curvilinear  range  of  the  Carpathian  Mountains 


AUS 


657 


AUT 


•xtends  along  the  N.B.  border  of  Hoogary,  and  separates 
that  kingdom  from  Galioia.  The  mountains  are  partly  cov- 
ered with  vegetation,  and  forests  of  ash,  elm,  fir,  oak,  Ac. 
Tyrol  has  its  glaciers,  perpetual  snow,  and  avalanches,  and 
abounds  in  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  most  im- 
portant river  is  the  Danube,  which  crosses  the  W.  frontier 
at  Passau,  runs  southeastward,  and  forms  part  of  the  south- 
ern boundary  of  the  empire.  The  other  principal  rivers  are 
the  Dniester,  the  Elbe,  the  Mur,  the  Theiss,  the  Oder,  the 
Drave,  and  the  Save.  The  Vistula  forms  a  small  part  of 
the  N.  boundary.  Steamboats  navigate  the  Danube,  which 
la  an  important  commercial  highway.  The  largest  lake  in 
the  empire  is  the  Balatony  or  Flatten  See,  46  miles  long. 
Many  other  lakes  occur  in  the  mountainous  districts.' 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  Alpine  mountains  are  com- 
posed of  granite,  gneiss,  mica-slate^  limestone,  Ac.  Large 
masses  of  dolomite  are  found  in  the  Tyrolese  mountains. 
The  tertiary  formation  is  largely  developed  in  the  plains 
and  lowlands.  The  granitic  mountains  of  Hungary  are 
rich  in  gold  and  silver.  This  empire  surpasses  most  coun- 
tries of  Europe  in  mineral  resources.  The  annual  product 
of  gold  is  about  64,000  ounces,  and  that  of  silver  1,476,000 
ounces.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  coal,  iron,  lead,  tin,  quick- 
silver, salt,  zinc,  cobalt,  antimony,  bismuth,  nickel,  man- 
ganese, chrome,  marble,  slate,  and  precious  stones  are  found 
in  various  places.  Iron  is  the  most  important  mineral 
product.    Coal  and  lignite  are  largely  mined. 

Climate,  Vegetable  Productions,  d;c. — The  climate  may  be 
divided  into  three  zones,  the  most  northern  of  which  com- 
prises part  of  Bohemia,  Galicia,  and  Moravia.  Here  the 
winters  are  long  and  cold,  and  the  staple  products  are 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  flax,  and  hemp.  The  central  zone 
lies  between  46°  and  49°  N.  lat.,  including  Lower  and  Upper 
Austria,  the  greater  part  of  Hungary,  <fco.  Vienna,  wnich 
is  in  this  zone,  has  a  mean  annual  temperature  of  50°,  a 
maximum  of  94°,  and  a  minimum  of  2°  Fahr.  In  the  south- 
ern zone,  including  Dalmatia,  the  seasons  are  more  mild  and 
equable.  Here  the  vine,  olive,  and  maize  flourish.  Nearly 
one-third  of  the  productive  area  of  the  empire  is  covered 
with  forests  of  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  elm,  oak,  pine,  Ac. 
The  flora  of  Austro-Hungary  is  remarkable  for  its  variety, 
comprising  about  4000  species  of  flowering  plants.  The 
soil  of  the  plains  and  hills  is  generally  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  adapted  to  the  culture  of  grapes  for  wine. 
Hungary  produces  a  celebrated  wine  called  Tokay.  Among 
the  wild  animals  are  bears,  wolves,  wild  boars,  foxes,  deer, 
lynxes,  wild  cats,  and  otters.  The  number  of  horses  in  the 
country  at  the  latest  returns  was  3,525,842,  and  the  number 
of  horned  cattle  12,704,405.  The  quantity  of  grain  pro- 
duced annually  is  about  400,000,000  bushels. 

Industry  and  Commerce. — The  majority  of  the  Austrian 
people  are  engaged  in  agriculture  and  pursuits  connected 
with  the  forests.  The  proportion  of  those  employed  in  trade 
and  manufactures  varies,  amounting  to  30  per  cent,  in  Lower 
Austria,  24  per  cent,  in  Bohemia,  22  in  Moravia,  19  in  Upper 
Austria,  and  14  in  Tyrol.  The  manufactures  have  made 
great  progress  during  the  last  25  years.  Among  the  manu- 
factured products  are  cotton,  woollen,  linen,  and  silk  stuffs, 
wares  of  gold,  copper,  iron,  silver,  tin,  and  zino,  leather, 
paper,  beer,  chemicals,  brandy,  porcelain,  glassware,  and 
musical  instruments.  The  principal  seats  of  the  cotton, 
woollen,  and  linen  manufactures  are  in  Bohemia,  Moravia, 
Silesia,  and  Vienna.  Bohemia  has  the  most  important 
manufactures  of  glass  and  porcelain.  The  largest  manu- 
factories of  steel,  cutlery,  iron,  and  hardware  are  in  Carin- 
thia,  Lower  and  Upper  Austria,  Bohemia,  and  Styria. 

This  empire  is  not  favorably  situated  for  commerce,  on 
account  of  its  inland  position  and  the  small  extent  of  its 
sea-coast.  Triest  is  its  principal  seaport.  The  Danube 
affords  about  800  miles  of  steam  navigation  within  the 
limits  of  Austro-Hungary,  and  about  14,000  miles  of  railway 
have  been  completed.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  cotton 
goods,  woollen  goods,  linen,  iron,  leather,  wine,  grain,  salt, 
timber,  tobacco,  and  olive  oil.  The  chief  articles  imported 
are  raw  cotton,  coffee,  cotton  goods,  iron  rails  and  wrought 
iron,  and  tobacco.  The  value  of  the  exports  for  1885 
amounted  to  672,083,000  florins  (1  florin  =»  36  cents).  The 
imports  for  that  year  were  valued  at  557,948,000  florins. 
The  public  debt  in  January,  1886,  was  3,485,881,310  florins. 

Races  and  Religions. — This  empire  is  inhabited  by  three 
principal  races, — the  German  or  Teutonic  (about  9,000,000), 
the  Slavonic  (about  16,900,000),  and  the  Magyars  or  Hun- 
garians (about  5,500,000).  The  Slavonic  race  comprises 
Czechs,  Croats,  Ruthens,  Poles,  Slovacks,  Serbians,  Morlaoks, 
Vinds,  and  other  peoples.  There  are  also  many  Rouma- 
nians. The  languages  spoken  by  the  different  races  are 
Gorman,  Slavonian,  Magyar,  Ac. ;  but  French  is  the  diplo-  I 


matic  language  of  tha  empire.  The  Roman  Catholic  reli- 
gion is  professed  by  the  imperial  family  and  a  large  majoritj 
of  the  people.  The  number  of  Protestants  in  Hungary  ii 
estimated  at  2,500,000,  and  there  are  large  numbers  of 
Jews  and  members  of  the  Greek  Church  in  different  parU 
of  the  empire. 

Divisions  and  Oovemment. — The  following  table  gives 
the  area  and  oivil  population  of  the  different  provinoea 
(or  crown-lands),  of^  which  at  present  there  are  18.  Th« 
last  three  in  the  table  are  in  Transleithania. 


Crown  Landa. 


Lower  Austria 

Upper  Austria^ 

Salzburg 

Styria 

Carinthia.. „ 

Camiola. 

Coastland 

Tyrol  and  Vorarlberg 

Bohemia... 

Moravia. 

Silesia 

Galicia .- 

Bukowina. 

Dalmatia 

Hungary  (including  Transylvania)... 

Croatia  and  Slavonia 

Fiume 

Total  civil  population 

Military  population 

Grand  totaL 


Area  in 
sq.  m. 


7,664 
4.631 
2,767 
8,670 
4,006 
3,856 
3,084 

11,324 

20,060 
8,583 
1,987 

30,307 

4,035 

4,940 

108,258 

16,773 
8 


240,042 


Pop.  in 
1890. 


2,661,799 
785,831 
173,510 

1,282,708 
361,008 
498,958 
695,384 
928,769 

6,843,094 

2,276,870 
605,649 

6,607,816 

646,591 

627,426 

16,122,514 

2,184,414 
29,001 


41,231,342 
113,776 


41,345,118 


Pop.  per 
■q.  m. 


347 
169 

62 
148 

91 
129 
228 

82 
291 
264 
305 
218 
160 
106 
139 
130 
8625 


171 


The  head  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy  is  the  em- 
peror and  king,  who  is  also  the  head  of  the  army  and  of 
the  executive.  The  succession  is  hereditary  in  the  order  of 
primogeniture  in  the  male  line  of  the  house  of  Hapsburg- 
Lothringen,  and,  failing  this,  in  the  female  line.  The  em- 
pire consists  of  two  states  or  parts, — ^the  empire  of  Austria 
(or  Cisleithania),  in  which  the  dominant  race  is  the  German, 
and  the  kingdom  of  Hungary  (or  Transleithania),  in  which 
the  Magyar  influence  predominates. 

Each  of  these  has  its  own  parliament  and  ministers,  while 
the  army,  navy,  and  foreign  relations  are  common.  These 
are  directed  by  a  controlling  body  called  the  Delegations, 
consisting  of  60  members  for  each  state,  two-thirds  being 
elected  by  the  lower  house  and  one-third  by  the  upper 
house  of  each  of  the  parliamentary  bodies.  The  assent  of 
the  emperor  is  required  to  give  validity  to  their  decisions. 
The  executive  is  vested  in  three  departments, — a  ministry 
of  foreign  affairs,  a  ministry  of  war,  and  a  ministry  of 
finance.     These  are  responsible  to  the  Delegations. 

The  parliament  of  Austria,  called  Reichsrath,  consists  of 
an  upper  and  a  lower  house.  The  upper  house  is  composed 
of  princes  of  the  imperial  family,  of  hereditary  nobles,  of 
archbishops  and  bishops,  and  of  life-members  nominated  by 
the  emperor  on  account  of  their  meritorious  services.  The 
members  of  the  lower  house  are  elected  by  the  vote  of  all 
citizens  who  are  of  age  and  possess  a  small  property  quali- 
fication. The  emperor  convokes  the  Reichsratn  annually. 
Military  service  is  compulsory  for  all  citizens  who  are  able 
to  bear  arms  and  have  attained  the  age  of  20.  A  law  of 
1868  fixed  the  number  of  the  army  on  a  war  footing  at 
800,000  men,  but  in  time  of  peace  the  number  is  252,000. 
For  several  centuries  the  Austrian  princes  of  the  house  of 
Hapsburg  were  Emperors  of  Germany;  but  in  1806  the  old 
elective  empire  was  abolished,  and  the  hereditary  dominions 
of  the  Hapsburgs  were  erected  into  the  Empire  of  Austria. 
In  succeeding  years  the  western  portion  of  the  empire  was 
included  in  the  German  Bund,  of  which  Austria  was  for 
many  years  the  most  influential  member.  In  June,  1866, 
as  competitors  for  the  supremacy  of  Germany,  Austria  and 
Prussia  were  involved  in  war ;  and  in  the  following  month  the 
Prussians  gained  at  Sadowa  a  decisive  victory,  the  result 
of  which  was  that  Austria  was  excluded  from  the  German 
Bund  and  was  compelled  to  cede  Venetia  to  Italy.  In  1867 
the  Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy  was  formed,  with  a  new 
constitution,  containing  the  above-named  conditions. 

Autancurry,  aw-tan-kilr'ree,  or  Autnucaray,  a  sea- 
port of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  11  miles  E.  of  Ramnad. 
It  has  a  coasting  trade  in  rice  and  tobacco. 

Antanga^  aw-taw'ga,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  if 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Alabama  River,  ami  is  partly 


AUT 


558 


ATA 


drained  by  Autauga  and  Mulberry  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of 
the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  The  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad  passes  along  the  W.  border  of  this  county, 
which  is  also  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, which  crosses  the  N.E.  portion  of  the  county.  Capi- 
tal, Prattville.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,623;  in  1880,  13,108;  in 
1890,  13,330. 

Autau'gaTiIle«  a  post-village  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
about  25  miles  E.  of  Selma,  and  2  miles  from  the  Alabama 
River.  It  has  3  churches,  2  cotton-factories,  an  academy, 
a  flour-mill,  and  abundant  water-power.     Pop.  about  800. 

AnteriTe^  oH^h-reev',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Haute-Garonne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ari6ge,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  3313. 

Antenil,  oHuI',  formerly  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  now  the  16th  arrondissement  of  Paris. 

Anthie,  o^tee',  and  Authion,  3He-6N»',  two  small 
rivers  of  France :  the  former  flows  N.W.,  between  the  de- 
partments of  Somme  and  Pas-de-Calais,  and  enters  the 
English  Channel  25  miles  S.  of  Boulogne,  after  a  course  of 
35  miles ;  the  latter,  in  the  department  of  Maine-et-Loire, 
joins  the  Loire  4  miles  S.E.  of  Angers,  after  a  W.  course  of 
about  35  miles. 

Autissiodorum,  Autessiodarum.    See  Auxerre. 

Antlan  de  la  Grana^  6w-tlin'  di  15,  grS,'nS.,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  140  miles  S.W.  of  Guadalajara. 
It  has  a  trade  in  cacao,  salt,  and  cochineal.     Pop.  4000. 

Au  Traill)  o-tran',  a  post-village,  capital  or  Alger  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  Au  Train  River,  30 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Marquette.     Pop.  300.  ' 

Aiitriche,  and  Autrichien.   See  AusTRiA-HnNOART. 

Autricuni,  the  ancient  name  of  Chartres. 

Autumn  Leaves,  a  post-ofBce  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

AutttU,  oHiiN»'  (anc.  JBibrac'te,  afterwards  Auguatodu'- 
nwni),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Sa,one-et-Loire,  on 
the  Arroux,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ma.con,  and  230  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  11,684.  It  is  picturesquely  seated  at 
the  foot  of  finely-wooded  mountains,  and  has  a  lofty  Gothic 
cathedral,  a  college,  a  bishop's  palace,  library,  museum, 
seminary,  and  tribunal  of  commerce,  with  manufactures  of 
carpets,  serges,  cottonades,  horse-cloths,  leather,  flour,  pot- 
tery, castings,  and  paper,  and  a  trade  in  timber,  hemp,  and 
cattle.  Large  masses  of  its  ancient  walls  remain,  with  two 
very  beautiful  and  perfect  gates,  the  ruins  of  an  amphithea- 
tre and  of  several  temples,  a  pyramid,  and  numerous  frag- 
ments of  other  Roman  edifices ;  it  has  also  a  choice  collection 
of  ancient  medals. 

Auvergne,  oVaiRn'  (anc.  Arver'ni),  an  old  province 
of  France,  forming  the  present  departments  of  Cantal,  Puy- 
de-Dftme,  and  a  small  part  of  Haute-Loire.  It  was  divided 
into  Upper  and  Lower  Auvergne,  and  had  for  capitals,  re- 
spectively, St.  Flour  and  Clermont. 

Auvergne  Mountains,  a  branch  of  the  CSvennes, 
extending  chiefly  in  the  departments  of  Puy-de-D8me  and 
Cantal,  and  separating  the  basins  of  the  Allier,  Cher,  and 
Crease  from  those  of  the  Lot  and  Dordogne.  These  moun- 
tains form  extensive  and  confused  groups,  which  contain 
the  culminating  points  of  the  interior  of  France,  viz., 
Mont  Dor,  6188  feet;  Cantal,  6093  feet;  and  Puy-de-D8me, 
4806  feet.  They  contain  a  great  number  of  extinct  vol- 
canoes, and  present  sites  of  most  picturesque  grandeur.  The 
cone  of  Mont  Dor  rises  abruptly  to  a  height  of  several 
thousand  feet,  and  is  composed  of  scoriae,  pumice-stone,  and 
fine  detritus  mixed  with  beds  of  baaalt.  The  minor  volca- 
noes form  an  irregular  ridge,  extending  along  a  platform  18 
miles  in  length.  They  are  generally  truncated  at  the  top, 
and  the  crater  is  often  entire. 

An  vers,  oVaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
on  a  railway,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1720. 

Anvillar,  or  Anvillars,  SVeePyaR'  or  SVee^yaR',  a 
town  and  port  of  France,  in  Tam-et-Garonne,  on  the 
Garonne,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Moissac.     Pop.  1746. 

Aux  Cayes,  o-ki',  Cayes,  ki,  or  Les  Cayes,  li- 
ki',  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  S.  coast,  92  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Port  Republican.     It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  some  trade. 

Auxerre,S^8aiR'  (anc.  ^Mttssiorfo'rwm),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Yonne,  105  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Paris,  on  the  Yonne.  Pop.  15,497.  It  is  surrounded  by 
vineyards,  and  by  boulevards  occupying  the  site  of  its  an- 
cient walls,  and  has  some  good  streets,  a  quay  along  the 
Yonne,  fine  Gothic  churches,  a  curious  clock-tower,  a  public 
library  of  30,000  volumes,  museum,  college,  tribunal  of 
commerce,  theatre,  normal  school,  hospital,  Ac,  with  a 
trade  in  wines,  timber,  and  charcoal,  and  in  hosiery,  coun- 
terpanes, barrels,  and  musical  strings  manufactured  here. 


Anximnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Osimo. 

Auxon,  5x^6n»'  or  ok^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aube,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1605. 

Auxonne,  ok^sonn',  a  fortified  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  C8te-d'0r,  on  the  Safine,  and  on  a  railway,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Dijon.  It  has  an  arsenal,  barracks,  and  magazines, 
with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  nails.    Pop.  5911. 

Anxvasse,  oVass',  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Mexico. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  weekly  newspaper,  Ac.     Pop.  1903. 

Anxy-le- Chateau,  ok^see'leh-8ha.H5',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Authie,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Pol.     Pop.  2950. 

Auzances,  o^z6nss',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Crense,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Gueret.     Pop.  1249. 

Anzon,  o*zdN»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  on 
the  AlUer,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1510. 

Ava,  i'vi  (anc.  Aeng-wa,  "a  fish-pond"),  a  city,  for- 
merly capital  of  the  Burmese  dominions,  on  the  Irrawaddy, 
350  miles  N.  of  Rangoon.  Lat.  21°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  68' 
10"  E.  It  consists  of  an  outer  and  an  inner  city,  both  forti- 
fied.   Estimated  pop.  26,000. 

Ava,  i'vi,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  60 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Tokio,  formerly  capital  of  a  principality  of 
the  same  name. 

Ava,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Shikoku,  lat. 
33°  53'  N.,  Ion.  134°  12'  E.,  with  the  best  harbor  in  the 
island,  formerly  capital  of  a  principality  of  the  same  name. 

Ava,  kingdom.     See  Buriiah. 

Ava,  ah'vah  or  a'vab,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga., 
about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Ava,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ava,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Mo.,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  5  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  normal  school,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ava,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ava  town- 
ship, about  16  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber.   Pop.  of  township,  1160. 

Ava,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  43  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Avacha,  Avatcha,  or  Avatscha,  i-vi'chi,  some- 
times written  Avatchka,  i-vitch'ki,  a  town  of  Kam- 
chatka, on  Avacha  Bay,  20  miles  S.  of  Avachinskaya 
Mountain. 

Avacha,  Avatcha,  or  Avatscha,  a  bay  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Kamchatka,  afi'ording  the  best  harbor  on  the  coast. 
On  it  are  the  towns  of  Avacha  and  Petropaulovski,  at  the 
latter  of  which  it  receives  the  waters  of  the  Avacha  River. 

Avachinskaya,  Avatchinskaya,  or  Awatschin- 
skaja,  i-vi-chin-ski'yi,  also  called  Mount  Avacha, 
an  active  volcano  in  Kamchatka,  in  lat.  63°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
158°  50'  E. ;  elevation,  9065  feet.  At  its  summit  is  a 
crater  several  hundred  yards  in  circumference,  and  on  its 
E.  side,  at  an  elevation  of  6000  feet,  is  another  crater, 
similar  in  origin  and  appearance  to  Monte  Somma  (Vesu- 
vius). In  1827,  1837,  and  1866  Avachinskaya  waa  in  vi<» 
lent  eruption. 

Avaasi,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  AvAsi. 

Availles  Limousine,  iVil'  (or  i'vi'y^h)  lee^moo' 
zeen',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vienne,  on  the 
Vienne,  17  miles  E.  of  Civray.     Pop.  2074. 

Av'alanche,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in 
Webster  township,  38  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Kickapoo  River,  and  has  a  woollen-factorj'. 

Avalanche  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y., 
among  the  Adirondacks,  is  at  the  B.  base  of  Mount  Mcln 
tyre.  Here  is  a  great  trap  dike,  by  which  "  Mount  Mc- 
Martin,  which  rises  boldly  from  Avalanche  Lake,  is  nearly 
bisected."  The  surface  of  this  lake  is  2900  feet  above 
the  tide. 

Aval  Island,  in  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Bahrein. 

Avallon,  iViri6]S»'  (anc.  Abal'lc),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Yonne,  on  the  Voisin,  and  on  a  railway,  26 
miles  S.E.  of  Auxerre.  It  has  an  active  trade,  and  manu- 
factures of  cloths,  thread,  leather,  and  paper.     Pop.  6622. 

Avalon,  av'a-lon,  a  large  peninsula,  forming  the  S.E. 

?art  of  Newfoundland,  having  Trinity  Bay  on  the  N.,  and 
lacentia  Bay  on  the  S. 

Av'alon,  a  post-village  of  Livifigston  co.,  Mo.,  13  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  5  miles  from  Bedford  Station.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  450. 

Avalon,   a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  of  Cap« 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad. 
Avana,  a  city  of  Cuba.    See  Havana. 


AVA 


559 


AVE 


Avar,  1-vaR',  or  Avaria,  i-vi're-i,  a  naxae  of  the 

khanat  of  Khorntzak,  a  native  state  of  the  Russian  govern- 
ment of  Daghestan,  in  the  Caucasus.  Area,  686  square 
miles.  Its  khan,  or  prince,  is  a  vassal  of  the  Czar.  The 
Avares  are  a  brave  race,  probably  of  Lesghian  stock,  and 
are  Soonnite  Mohammedans.     Pop.  30,646. 

Avarella,  Cape,  Cochin  China.    See  CapbYabella. 

ATaricum,  an  ancient  name  of  Bourges. 

Avasi,  i'vi'see',  Avadsi,  iVid'see',  or  Soomo'to, 
a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Avasi.  Lat.  34°  21'  N.  ; 
Ion.  134°  47'  E. 

Avasi,  Avadsi,  or  Awadsi,  an  island  of  Japan,  in 
the  strait  between  Hondo  and  Shikoku,  is  30  miles  long. 
Chief  town,  Avasi,  or  Soomoto. 

Avas  Uj  Vdr,  6hV5sh'  oo-e-v4B',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
<jo.  of  Szathmir,  13  miles  W.S.W.'of  Szigeth.     Pop.  2320. 

Avatanak,  &-v&-t&n'&k,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands, 
Alaska,  in  the  Fox  group. 

Avatcha,  a  town  and  bay  of  Kamchatka.   See  Avacha. 

A'vebnry,  Aiv,  or  A'bury,  a  village  and  parish  of 
England,  oo.  of  Wilts,  6  miles  W.  of  Marlborough.  Its  church 
is  of  high  antiquity,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  interesting  pre- 
historic remains.     Pop.  764. 

Aveiras  de  Cima,  &-v&'e-r&s  di  see'mi,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  1884. 

Aveiro,  4-vi'e-ro,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Vouga,  31  miles  N.W,  of 
Coimbra.  Pop.  6466.  It  has  extensive  fisheries,  and  com- 
merce in  salt,  fish,  oil,  wine,  and  oranges. 

Aveiro,  l-v4'e-ro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Tapajos,  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Santarem.     Lat.  3°  28'  S.;  Ion.  55°  25'  W. 

Avelghem,  or  Avelgehem,  i'v§l-gh5m\  or  i'v^l- 
H^m^,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt, 
and  on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3650. 

Aveila,  i-v51'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Naples.  Pop.  3714.  Near  it  are  the  remains  of  Ahel'la, 
celebrated  by  Virgil  {^neid,  vii.  740). 

Avellino,  4-vSl-lee'no  (anc.  Ahelli'num),  a  fortified 
episcopal  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Avellino, 
28  miles  E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  19,761.  It  has  a  cathedral,  sev- 
eral churches,  a  college,  a  public  granary,  manufactures  of 
woollen  fabrics,  paper,  macaroni,  and  sausages,  and  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  hazel-nuts,  chestnuts,  and  corn. 

Avellino,  formerly  Principato  Ultra,  a  province  of 
Italy,  in  Campania,  is  traversed  by  the  Apennines.  It  has  a 
broken  surface,  with  many  fertile  valleys.  Area,  1409  square 
miles.     Capital,  Avellino.     Pop.  375,691. 

Ave'na,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  111.,  in  Avena 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fe  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1182. 

Avenches,  aVftxsh',  or  Winisburg,  ♦iflis-bSSRO* 
(anc.  Aven'ticum),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Morat.  Pop.  1835.  This  was  the  capital 
of  the  Helvetii,  and  afterwards  a  flourishing  Roman  colony, 
destroyed  by  the  Huns  in  447.  Its  ancient  walls  can  be 
traced  for  a  circuit  of  more  than  5  miles,  and  it  has  many 
Roman  remains. 

Avendale,  a  parish  of  Scotland.    See  Avondale. 

A'vening,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
from  Stayner.  It  contains  2  woollen-factories,  and  flour- 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Avenio,  the  ancient  name  of  Avignon. 

Av'enstoke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lawrencebnrg,  on  the  Queen  &  Cres- 
cent route.     It  has  several  stores  and  business  houses. 

Aventicnm,  an  ancient  name  of  Avenches. 

Av'enue,  a  post-ofiice  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Columbus  division  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  A 
Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Avenue,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City. 

Avenue  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  about  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  St. 
Joseph.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Avenwedde,  4'v§n-^fidM§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 32  miles  S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  3552. 

Avenza,  i-v8n'z4,  or  Lavenza,  14-vfin'zi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  torrent  Avenza.  near  the  sea,  3  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Carrara.     Pop.  3254. 

A'verill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Midland, 
and  25  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Ave  rill,  a  station  in  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Glyndon. 

Averill,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  14. 


Averili  Park,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  paint,  and  paper.     Pop.  1000. 

Avernakoe,  &-vdr'n4-k5^9h,  a  small  island  of  Den- 
mark, near  the  S.  coast  of  Funen. 

Averno,  4-vflR'no  (anc.  Aver'ntu;  Gr.'Aopvo*,  "without 
a  bird"),  a  lake,  10  miles  W.  of  Naples,  near  the  Bay  of 
Baja.  It  occupies  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano  about 
half  a  mile  in  diameter,  is  very  deep,  and  has  no  outlet.  It 
WBB  anciently  surrounded  by  dense  forests,  and  so  unhealthy 
that  it  was  believed  no  bird  could  fly  over  it  without  being 
destroyed,  whence  its  name.  Its  banks  are  partly  occupied 
by  gardens  and  vineyards.  Agrippa  formed  a  canal  between 
Lake  Averno  and  the  sea,  but  the  communication  was  de- 
stroyed by  an  eruption  of  Monte  Novo  in  1538. 

Averoe,  i'v^r-o^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  at  the  entrance 
to  the  Stavnoesfiord.  Lat.  62°  57'  N.  Chief  town,  Komstad. 

Aversa,  1-vfiR'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
9  miles  N.  of  Naples,  on  a  delightful  plain  covered  with 
orange-trees.  It  is  a  bustling  and  lively  place,  spacious 
and  well  built.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  9 
churches,  several  convents,  a  foundling  hospital,  and  a 
lunatic  asylum.  Aversa  is  famed  for  its  wine,  and  for  its 
almond  cakes,  called  torrone.  It  communicates  with  Naples 
by  railway.     Pop.  18,248. 

A'very,  a  post-ofSce  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  HI. 

Avery,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  114. 

Avery,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  185. 

Avery,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  in  Mantua 
township,  6  miles  E.  or  S.E.  of  Albia.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Avery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  New  Buffalo.  It 
has  a  steam  saw-miU.     Pop.  about  76. 

Avery,  a  station  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Montrose 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock. 

A'verysborough,  or  A'verasborongh,  a  small 
post-village  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  on  Cape  Fear  River,  about 
35  miles  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  1  church.  A  battle  was 
fought  here  March  16, 1865,  between  the  Confederates  under 
Gen.  Hardee  and  the  Union  troops  under  Gen.  Sherman. 

Avery's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Buncombe  co., 
N.C.,  20  miles  from  Old  Fort.     Pop.  655. 

Avery's  Gore,  a  tract  of  land  in  Franklin  co.,  Vt. 
Pop.  34.  This  is  one  of  several  tracts  which  in  1791  were 
granted  to  Samuel  Avery.  There  is  a  tract  of  the  sam< 
name  in  Essex  co.,  others  in  Addison  and  Chittenden  cos. 

Avery's  Rock  Light-House  stands  at  the  head  of 
Machias  Bay,  Me. 

Aves,  k'via  (or  Bird)  Island,  an  uninhabited  island, 
147  miles  W.  of  Dominica.    Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  38'  W. 

Aves  (or  Bird)  Islands,  a  small  group  of  the  Lesser 
Antilles,  E.S.E.  of  the  island  of  Buen  Ayre,  so  named 
from  the  vast  number  of  birds  which  frequent  them.  The 
only  inhabitants  are  a  few  fishers. 

Avesa,  8,-v4'sS.,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of  Verona, 
near  the  Adige.     Pop.  2053. 

Avesnes,  iVain',  a  fortified  town  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  on  the  Helpe,  and  on  a  railway,  61  miles  S.E.  of 
Lille.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  oil-mills,  manufactories  of 
soap  and  leather,  and  a  trade  in  flax,  iron,  timber,  stone, 
hops,  and  cheese.     Pop.  3603. 

Avesnes  le  Comte  (l^h  k6Nt),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Arras.     Pop.  1485. 

Avesnes-Ies-Aubert,  iVain'  I4z  5*baiR',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1485. 

Avessac,  iVfis^sik',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loire-Inflrieure,  4  mile**,  of  St.  Nicolas.     Pop.  3430. 

Avestad,  or  Afvestad,  4'vSs-tid\  a  small  town  of 
Sweden,  on  the  Dal,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Falun.     Pop.  800. 

Aveyron,  iVi^rftN"'  (anc.  Veroniua  ?),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  Aveyron,  pa^es  into  Tarn-et-6aronne,  and  joins 
the  Tarn  7  miles  N.W.  of  Montauban.     Length,  90  miles. 

Aveyron,  a  department  of  France,  surrounded  by  the 
departments  of  Cantal,  Lozdre,  Gard,  H^rault,  Tarn,  Tam- 
et-Garonne,  and  Lot.  Capital,  Rodez.  Area,  3340  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  400,467.  It  is  one  of  the  most  moun- 
tainous departments  in  France.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Lot,  the  TruySre,  and  the  Vianr,  Tarn,  and  Aveyron. 
The  soil  is  not  very  fertile,  and  the  climate  is  often  severe. 
Many  cattle  and  sheep  are  reared,  and  the  celebrated  Roque- 
fort cheese  forms  an  important  article  of  export.  The  coal- 
and  iron-mines  here  are  among  the  most  important  in  Franoe. 
Manufactures  principally  of  metallio  wares,  with  leather, 
woollen  stufis,  hosiery,  gloves,  cotton  yam,  and  paper.  The 
department  is  subdivided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Bodes* 
Espalion,  Millau,  Villefrancho,  and  Saint-Affrique. 


AVE 


560 


AVO 


AvezzanOy  i-rfit-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
22  miles  S.  of  Aquila.  Pop.  5116.  It  haa  a  palace,  and 
gtands  near  the  lately-drained  Fucine  Lake. 

Aviano,  i-ve-4'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  30  miles 
W.  of  Udine,  near  Monte  Cavallo.     Pop.  6805. 

Aviemore)  4v'e-mor,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Moray,  on  the  Spey,  25  miles  S.B.  of  Inverness. 

Avigliana,  i-veel-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Turin.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
and  silk  twist.     Pop.  3541. 

AviglianO)  4-veel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Potenza,  near  the  bifurcation  of  the  Apennines,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  15,982. 

Avignon^  4Veen^y6N»'  (Sp.  AvtHon,  4-veen-y5n';  It. 
Avignone,  4-veen-yo'n4 ;  anc.  Avenio),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Vaucluse,  situated  on  the 
Rhone,  here  crossed  by  a  suspension  bridge,  its  fine  old 
stone  bridge  of  St.  Benezet  being  now  impassable ;  403 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris,  and  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Lat.  43°  57'  N.  ,•  Ion.  4°  48'  38"  E.  It  is  a  very 
ancient  city,  built  on  a  gently  undulating  surface,  and  sur- 
rounded by  lofty  walls  which  are  crowned  with  battlements 
flanked  with  square  towers  and  adorned  with  handsome 
gates.  Along  the  ramparts  is  a  boulevard  planted  with 
elms,  from  the  lofty  platform  of  which,  particularly  from 
the  Doms, — a  rock  which  starts  up  abruptly  from  the  Rhone 
to  a  height  of  180  feet, — a  fine  view  is  obtained.  The  town 
is  well  built,  but  the  streets  are  narrow.  Avignon  is  the 
seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  courts  of  primary  jurisdic- 
tion and  of  commerce,  a  college,  a  primary  normal  school, 
a  public  library  of  70,000  volumes,  an  athenseiun,  a  mu§,eum 
of  natural  history,  a  collection  of  pictures  and  antiquities, 
a  botanical  garden,  and  a  school  of  design.  Among  its 
charitable  institutions  are  an  asylum  for  the  aged,  an  orphan 
hospital,  and  a  lunatic  asylum. 

The  cathedral,  a  building  of  great  extent,  is  said  to  have 
been  founded  in  the  first  ages  of  Christianity,  on  the  ruins 
of  a  heathen  temple,  and,  after  its  destruction  by  the  bar- 
barians of  the  North,  was  re-built  by  Charlemagne.  The 
richly  sculptured  chapel  of  the  Resurrection  is  a  master- 
piece. Several  popes  oflBciated  in  this  cathedral,  and  Inno- 
cent VI.,  Urban  V.,  and  Gregory  XI.  were  consecrated  in 
it.  The  former  palace  of  the  popes,  now  used  as  a  barrack, 
is  a  vast  irregular  Gothic  structure,  built  at  different  periods, 
with  strong  towers,  some  of  them  150  feet  high.  The  church 
of  the  Cordeliers  and  the  tomb  of  Petrarch's  Laura  were 
destroyed  at  the  revolution. 

The  silk-manufacture  and  the  preparation  of  madder  are 
leading  industries.  The  city  has  also  manufactures  of  vel- 
vet, woollen  and  cotton  goods,  chemicals,  dyes,  matches, 
machinery,  iron,  paper,  &c.,  and  a  trade  in  wine,  brandy, 
grain,  and  other  articles.    Steamers  ply  to  Lyons  and  Aries. 

Avignon  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Greeks,  who  settled 
at  Maasilia,  now  Marseilles.  After  the  Romans  it  passed 
under  the  domination  of  Goths  and  other  Northern  barba- 
rians. In  730  it  was  taken  by  Saracens,  who  possessed  it 
till  737.  After  a  variety  of  fortunes,  during  which  it  passed 
to  the  Counts  of  Provence,  it  was  sold  in  1348  to  Clement 
VI.  Froai  that  time  Avignon  continued  to  be  possessed  for 
more  than  four  centuries  by  the  popes,  of  whom  not  fewer 
than  seven  reigned  in  it,  besides  three  others,  generally  re- 
garded as  antipopes,  who,  on  the  deposition  of  Gregory  XI., 
the  last  of  the  seven,  set  up  their  throne  here,  and  main- 
tained it  for  40  years.  It  was  governed  by  the  popes  until 
1791.     Pop.  in  1876,  38,008;  in  1891,  43,453. 

Aviguonet,  4Veen^yo^n4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2048. 

Avila,  4've-l4  (anc.  Obila),  an  episcopal  city  of  Spain, 
in  Old  Castile,  capital  of  the  province  of  tne  same  name,  on 
the  Adaja,  and  on  a  railway,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  and  cotton 
fabrics,  2  fine  convents,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  6125. 

Avila,  a  province  of  Spain,  the  S.  part  of  the  former 
province  of  Old  Castile.  Area,  2982  square  miles.  Pop. 
(1870)  175,219.  Level  in  the  N.,  but  mountainous  in  the 
centre  and  S.  Principal  rivers,  Adaja,  Alberete,  and  Tonnes. 
Chief  industry,  cattle-rearing.   Chief  exports,  wool  and  pork. 

AvileS)  a-ve-lfis'  (L.  Flavionaria),  a  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  in  Asturias,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Oviedo,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  chief  branch  of  the  Aviles.     Pop.  3297. 

Avil'Ia)  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in  Allen  town- 
ship, on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  W. 
from  Fort  Wayne,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  4 
ehurohes,  a  graded  school,  tile  and  brick  manufactory,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  446;  in  1890,  576. 


ATilla,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  about  12  miles  ' 
E.N.E.  of  Carthage.     It  has  3  churches. 

Av'inger,  formerly  Hickory  Hill,  a  post-village  of 
Cass  CO.,  Tex.,  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  steam  mill,  and  several  stores. 

Avi&on,  the  Spanish  for  Avignon. 

Avintes,  4-veen-t5s',  a  town  of  Portugal,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Douro,  forming  a  suburb  of  Oporto.    Pop.  3992. 

Avio,  4've-o,  a  town  of  Tyrol,  14  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Roveredo,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  3183. 

Avisio,  4-vee'se-o,  or  Lavis,  14-vees',  a  small  river  of 
Tyrol,  rises  in  the  glaciers  of  the  Marmolada,  flows  through 
the  valleys  of  Fassa,  Fiemme,  and  Cembra,  and  finally 
reaches  the  Adige  at  Lavis.  Length,  60  miles.  Its  course 
is  in  one  of  the  grandest  mountain-regions  of  the  Alps. 

Aviston,  a'vis-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  111., 
on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  drug-store,  and  several  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Aviz,  4-veez'  (anc.  Avieium  f),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  on  the  river  Aviz,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Portalegre. 
Pop.  1256.     It  gives  name  to  the  order  of  knights  of  Aviz. 

Avize,  4Veez',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Marne, 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Epernay.  It  is  an  entrepdt  for  champagne 
wines,  which  are  stored  here  in  vast  caves.    Pop.  1992. 

Avlona,  4v-lo'n4,  or  Yalona,  v4-lo'n4  (anc.  Aulona),  a 
town  and  seaport  of  Albania,  on  the  Gulf  of  Avlona,  in  the 
Adriatic,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Berat.  Lat.  of  fort,  40°  27'  5"  N. ; 
Ion.  19°  26'  5"  E.  Pop.  about  6000,  comprising  Christians, 
Turks,  and  Jews.  Its  narbor,  which  is  the  best  on  the  Al- 
banian coast,  is  defended  by  Cape  Linguetta  on  the  S.W., 
and  by  the  small  island  of  Sasseno  on  the  N.W. 

Avoca,  4-vo'k%,  or'Ovo'ca,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Wicklow,  enters  the  Irish  Sea  near  Arklow. 

Avo'ca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  about  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Florence. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  29  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Fayetteville.     Pop.  100. 

Avoca,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Wabash  Railroad.     Pop.  825. 

Avoca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mar- 
shall township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bedford.    It  has  a  church. 

Avoca,  a  post-town  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  40 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill^  water-works,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  1700. 

Avoca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Holton. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.,  32  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Pipestone.  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  a 
ladies'  boarding-school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  graded  schools, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Avoca,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.T.,  on  the  Con- 
hocton  River,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bath.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  chair-, 
wheel-,  shoe-,  and  broom-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  953. 

Avoca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Edenton. 

Avoca  (Pleasant  Valley  Station),  a  mining  post-borough 
of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lackawanna  and 
Wyoming  Valleys,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Scranton,  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1880,  1913;  in  1890,  3031. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  48  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Madison,  and  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Wisconsin  River.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  418. 

Avoch,  4'vfiK,  Avach,  4'v4k,  or  Anach,  4'w4k,  a 
village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross.     Pop.  1114. 

Avola,  4-vo'l4,  a  seaport  town  of  Sicily,  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Syracuse.  Pop.  11,912.  It  has  a  tunny-fishery,  a  re- 
finery of  home-grown  sugar,  and  an  active  trade  in  corn, 
cattle,  oil,  and  fruits.  It  was  built  after  the  earthquake  of 
1693,  which  destroyed  the  ancient  Avola. 

Avon,  4V6n<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Mame, 
2  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Fontainebleau.     Pop.  1323. 

Avon,  4'von,  two  rivers  of  Wales,  one  in  Monmouth 
CO.,  the  other  in  Glamorgan  co.,  both  falling  into  Swansea 
Bay.  Several  Scotch  rivers  of  the  same  name  are  affluents 
of  the  Clyde,  Spey,  and  Annan,  and  one  joins  the  Forth  2 
miles  W.  of  Borrowstounness. 

Avon,  or  Hampshire  Avon,  a  river  of  England, 
rises  near  Devizes,  flows  southward  through  Wilts  and 
Hants,  and  enters  the  English  Channel.     Length,  65  miles. 

Avon,  or  Lower  Avon,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near 


A.VO 


561 


AXE 


Tetbury,  flows  W.  through  the  counties  of  Gloucester,  Wilts, 
and  Somerset,  and  enters  the  Bristol  Channel  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Bristol.  Length,  SO  miles.  It  is  connected  with  the 
Thames  by  the  Kennet  &  Avon  Canal. 

Avon,  or  Upper  AtoU)  a  river  in  England,  rises  at 
Avon-well,  near  Naseby,  county  of  Northampton,  flows  mostly 
6.W.  through  the  counties  of  Leicester,  Warwick,  and  Wor- 
cester, past  Stratford  and  Evesham,  and,  after  a  course  of 
nearly  100  miles,  joins  the  Severn  at  Tewkesbury.  Its 
aflBuents  are  the  Alne,  Leame,  Stour,  and  Swift. 

A'von,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in  Avon 
township,  on  the  Farmington  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven 
&  Northampton  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and  9 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  987. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Galesburg,  and  79  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy.  It 
has  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  wagon-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  1100. 

Avon,  a  township  of  Lake  oo..  111.     Pop.  1005. 

Avon  (local  pron.  av'on),  a  small  post-village  of  Hen- 
dricks CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
12  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Avon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  near  the  Des 
Moines  River,  about  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Des  Moines 
City.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Avon,  a  post-town  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  5  miles  N.  of 
Brocton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  in  1890,  1384. 

Avon,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Farmington.     Pop.  610. 

Avon,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1856. 

Avon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steams  co.,  Minn.,  in  Avon 
township,  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  Northern 
Line,  90  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  staves  and  heading.  Here  are  several  lakes. 
Pop.  of  Avon  township,  319. 

Avon,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.,  about  65 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.     It  hsis  a  church. 

Avon,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles  from 
Central  City. 

Avon,  a  post-village  and  fashionable  resort  of  Living- 
ston CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Avon  township,  on  the  right  or  east  bank  of 
the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  is  24  miles  E.  by  S. 
from  Batavia,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Attica 
Branch  Railroad.  It  is  situated  on  a  terrace  about  100 
feet  higher  than  the  river,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  which  are  visited  by  many  in- 
valids in  summer.  The  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Railroad 
extends  from  this  place  southward  to  Dansville.  Avon  has 
several  good  hotels.  Pop.  900 ;  of  the  township,  3038.  The 
township  has  6  churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  planing-mills. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Avon  town- 
ship, about  18  miles  W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  several  general  stores.  Pop.  about  500.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.  Pop.  1924.  It  con- 
tains a  village  named  French  Creek. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  2 
warehouses  for  grain,  and  34  dwellings. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  4  miles  frort 
Afton  Railroad  Station,  which  is  16  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Avon,  a  post-town  of  Skagit  co..  Wash.,  on  the  Seattle 
&  Northern  Railroad,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Seattle.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  3U0. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Rook  co..  Wis.,  in  Avon  town- 
ship, on  Sugar  River,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Beloit.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Avon,  a  beautiful  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  rises  in  Avon 
Lake,  and  runs  N.N.E.  into  the  Minas  Basin. 

Avon,  i'v9n,  a  river  in  Western  Australia,  Swan  River 
Colony,  has  a  N.W.  course  through  the  counties  of  Grant- 
ham and  York,  and  joins  the  Swan  River  at  Northam. 

Avon  by  the  Sea,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort 
of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Avondale,  iv'pn-dal,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lan- 
ark, containing  Strathaven,  4  miles  W.  of  which  the  battle 
of  Drumclog  was  fought  June  1,  1679. 

Av'ondale,  an  incorporated  town  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala., 
li  miles  from  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches,  and  numer- 
ous manufactories  of  iron  products.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Avondale,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Westminster. 


Avondale,  a  post- village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  on  the  Paterson,  Newark  &  New  York  Branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Newark.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Avondale,  formerly  Boyd's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet 
and  station  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.,  in  White  Eyes  township. 
It  has  a  church. 

Avondale,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  and  a  suburb 
of  Cincinnati,  in  Mill  Creek  township,  2  miles  from  Avon- 
dale  Railroad  Station,  and  about  3  miles  from  the  centre  of 
the  city.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  many  fine 
residences.     Incorporated  in  1864. 

Avondale,  a  station  in  Licking  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Newark 
&  Somerset  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Newark;  also  on  the 
Licking  Summit  Reservoir,  and  on  True  Lovers'  Lake.  It 
is  a  pleasant  summer  resort.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  church. 

Avondale,  a  post- village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  and  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Avondale,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.    See  Grand  Tunnel. 

Avondale,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  proposed  New  Glasgow  &  Louisburg  Railway,  20 
miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  157. 

Avondale,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Newport  Landing. 

Avon  Isles,  two  islands  on  Bampton  Reef,  between  Aus- 
tralia and  New  Caledonia.    Lat.  19°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  158°  10'  E. 

Avon  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  Lake 
Erie,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Cleveland. 

Avon  Lake,  a  pretty  sheet  of  water  in  Lunenburg  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  gives  rise  to  the  Avon  River. 

Av'onmoreS  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario, 
18  miles  from  Cornwall.     Pop.  100. 

Av'onpoit,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Avon  River,  and  on  the  Windsor  &  Annapolis  Railway, 
57  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Avon  Springs,  New  York.    See  Avon. 

Avon  Station,  Iowa.    See  Avon. 

Av'onville,  a  village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Wallace  River,  12  miles  from  Wentworth.  It  has  • 
church,  several  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  200 

Avoyelles,  av-oi-elz',  vulgarly,  a-vi'^l,  a  parish  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  ia 
intersected  by  Red  River,  which  also  forms  part  of  its  N. 
boundary.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atoha- 
falaya  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  so  low 
that  it  is  subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Marksville.  The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  trav- 
erses  the  S.W.  portion  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,926 ; 
in  1880,  16,747;  in  1890,  25,112. 

Avranches,  9,v^r5N8h'  (L.  Ahran'ca),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Manche,  near  the  S6e,  32  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Lo.  In  the  ruins  of  its  cathedral  is  preserved  the  stone  on 
which  Henry  II.  of  England  knelt  to  receive  absolution 
for  the  murder  of  Becket  It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  a 
salmon-fishery,  and  a  public  library.  This  city  was  taken 
and  razed  by  the  Bretons  in  1203.  In  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury it  fell  into  the  power  of  the  English,  who  kept  it  till 
1450.  In  1562  the  Protestants  were  here  defeated  by  the 
Catholic  party.     Pop.  8137. 

Avranchin,  lv^r6N"^shiN»'  (^Abricati'nus  Pa'gusf),  an 
ancient  district  of  France,  now  comprised  in  the  department 
of  Manche. 

Awa,  towns  of  Jtipan.    See  Ava. 

Awaj,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Barrada. 

A'walt,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Tenn.,  S  milei 
from  Estill  Springs. 

AAVar,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea.     See  AoR. 

Awasi,  or  Awadsi,  Japan.    See  Avasi. 

Awatchinskaya.    See  Avachinskata. 

Awatska,  Kamchatka.     See  Avacha. 

Aw'righa,  or  Ou'raghen,  a  powerful  tribe  of  the 
Tuaricks  (Tawarek)  of  the  Sahara;  their  name,  written 
Af&rik  by  some  Arabian  writers,  is  thought  by  many  to  be 
the  original  of  the  name  Africa,  or  at  least  to  be  closely 
allied  therewith. 

Ax,  a  town  of  France.    See  Dax. 

Ax,  iks,  a  town  of  France,  deparment  of  Ari6ge,  21  milea 
S.E.  of  Foix,  on  the  Aridge,  has  tnermal  springs.    Pop.  1693. 

Ax'bridge,  a  municipal  town  and  {^rish  of  England, 
00.  of  Somerset,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Wells.     Pop.  830. 

Axe,  ax,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  passer 
Axminster,  and  enters  the  English  Channel  near  Colyton. 

Axel,  ix'^l,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netheriands,  prov- 


AXH 


562 


AYR 


Ince  of  Zealand,  on  an  island  in  the  Scheldt,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 22  miles  W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2658. 

Axholme  (aks'olm)  Isle,  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  in 
its  N.W.  part,  is  formed  by  the  rivers  Trent,  Don,  and  Idle. 

Axiaca,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ocbakov. 

Axim,  i^sheeng'  or  ix^m',  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
Guinea  Coast,  73  miles  W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle.  Lat.  4A° 
62'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  14'  W.  Axim  was  taken  from  the  Portu- 
guese in  1642,  and  confirmed  to  the  Netherlands  by  the 
treaty  of  Westphalia;  in  1873  it  was  ceded  to  the  English. 
Pop.  750. 

Axima,  an  ancient  name  of  AiUB-LA-CdTE. 

AxiopoliS)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Galatz. 

Axius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Vardar. 

Ax'ley,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  111.  Pop.  1199.  It 
includes  Belknap. 

Ax'minster,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Axe,  and  on  a  railway,  24  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  2861.  Its  church  or  minster  was 
founded  by  King  Athelstan,  in  memory  of  a  battle  fought 
with  the  Danes  in  the  vicinity.  Axminster  was  formerly 
noted  for  its  carpet-manufacture.  It  produces  small  quan- 
tities of  woollen  cloths  and  gloves. 

Axona,  the  ancient  name  of  Aibne. 

Axoom,  Axonm,  or  Axnm,  &k^80om',  written  also 
Aksum  (Gr.  Avfov/xrj,  Auxoume,  'Afoujits,  Axoumis,  or 
*A{cij*a,  Axoma),  an  ancient  and  decayed  town  of  Abyssinia, 
state  of  Tigr6,  85  miles  N.W.  of  Antalo.  Pop.  about  3000. 
It  has  a  Christian  church,  in  which  the  chronicles  of  Axoom 

are  kept. Adj.  Axumitic  or  Axoomitic,  ax-oo-mit'ik ; 

inhab.  Axumite,  ax^om'ite. 

Ax^tell,  a  post-town  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
creamery,  <fec.     Pop.  643. 

Axtell,  a  post- village  of  Kearney  co..  Neb.,  41  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Ay,  or  Ai,  i,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Marne, 
near  the  Marne,  14  miles  S.  of  Reims.     Pop.  4149. 

Ayacucho,  i-d,-koo'cho,  a  department  of  South  Peru, 
mostly  between  lat.  12°  and  16°  S.  and  Ion.  72°  and  76°  W., 
having  the  department  of  Junin  on  the  N.,  Cuzoo  on  the 
E.,  and  the  Andes  on  the  S.  and  W.,  shutting  it  off  from 
the  department  of  Lima.  Area,  24,213  square  miles.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Apurimac  and  its  tributaries,  the  Urubamba, 
Pampas,  and  Mantaro.  Principal  towns,  Ayacucho  and 
Anta.     Pop.  142,205. 

Ayacucho,  formerly  Hnamanga,  or  Gnamanga, 
hwl-min'gS,,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  above  depart- 
ment, 140  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cuzco.  It  has  a  university,  a 
Catholic  bishop,  a  priests'  seminary,  a  hospital,  and  a  trade 
in  cochineal.  Pop.  20,000.  The  name  was  changed  to 
Ayacucho  to  commemorate  the  great  victory  of  December  9, 
1824,  which  was  gained  at  a  small  place  named  Ayacucho 
and  broke  the  power  of  Spain  in  South  America. 

Ayamonte,  i-&-mon't&,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  80 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadiana,  near  its  mouth, 
which  here  forms  the  boundary  between  Spain  and  Por- 
tugal. It  has  3  public  squares,  2  churches,  a  town  house, 
a  well-endowed  hospital,  and  a  prison.     Pop.  5972. 

Ayasoolook,  i-8,-soo-look',  written  also  Ayasalonk 
and  Ajasaluk,  i-i-sJl-look',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Ephesus.     See  Ephestis. 

Aybar,  i-baR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     Pop.  1024. 

Aydelott,  a'd§-lot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind., 
8  miles  from  Templeton. 

Ayer,  air,  or  Ayer  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Ayer  township,  near  the  Nashua  River, 
and  on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston,  and 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Lowell,  at  the  junction  of  the  Stony 
Brook  and  Peterborough  &  Shirley  Railroads.  Ayer  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  and  a  graded 
school,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
farming-implements,  leather,  lumber,  Ac.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Ayer.     Pop.  in  1880,  1881 ;  in  1890,  2148. 

Ayerbe  y  Aldeas,  i-SR'b4  e  ai-di'is,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Huesca.     Pop.  2006. 

Ayer's  (airz)  Flat,  a  post-village,  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec 
18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  from  Lennoxville.     Pop.  200. 

Ayer's  (airz)  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

Ayer's  Village,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  Mass.,  is  a 
pan  of  the  city  of  Haverhill,  and  is  4i  miles  W.  of  Haver- 
hill Kailroad  Station.  It  has  a  public  hall,  1  church,  and 
ftbout  50  dwellings. 

Ayersville,  airz'vH,  a  post-office  of  Habersham  co.. 


Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  86 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

AyersTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.,  about 
60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Ayersville,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Ayersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Defiance.     It  has  a  church. 

Aygacha,  i-gi'chi,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  Lake  Titicaca, 
50  miles  by  rail  W.  of  La  Paz. 

Aylesbury,  ailz'b^r-e  (Sax.  Aeglesberg),  a  parliament- 
ary borough  and  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Bucks,  38  miles  from  London  by  the  London  &  Birming- 
ham Railway  and  Branch.  Pop.  28,760.  The  town,  situ- 
ated in  the  rich  tract  called  the  vale  of  Aylesbury,  is  noted 
for  the  ducks  reared  here,  and  for  its  lace  and  straw-work. 
Aylesbury  returns  2  members  to  Parliament. 

Aylesford,  ailz'fprd,  a  parish,  railway  station,  and  vil- 
lage of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  32  miles  from  London.  The 
cromlech  called  Kitscoity-house,  now  destroyed,  was  sup- 
posed to  mark  the  burial-place  of  Catigem,  who,  with  his 
opponent  Horsa,  was  killed  here  in  the  third  recorded  bat- 
tle between  the  Britons  and  Saxons,  a.d.  455.     Pop.  2100. 

Aylesford,  a  post- village  in  Kings  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
a  railway,  87  miles  from  Halifax.  It  has  10  stores.  Pop.  200. 

Aylesworth,  ailz'w9rth,  a  station  in  Porter  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Columbus  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  La  Crosse. 

Aylett's,  a'lets,  a  post-village  of  King  William  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Mattapony  River,  about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Rich- 
mond.   It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  a  mill,  and  4  stores. 

Aylmer,  al'm^r,  a  lake  of  the  North-West  Territories, 
Canada,  near  Clinton-Colden  Lake,  80  miles  N.  of  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  Great  Slave  Lake.  It  is  50  miles  in 
length  and  30  in  breadth. 

Aylmer,  or  East  Aylmer,  a  post-town  in  Ottawa 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  Chaudi^re  Lake,  8  miles  above  Ottawa  City. 
It  is  the  capital  of  the  county  and  district  of  Ottawa,  and 
contains  several  large  lumbering  establishments,  and  4 
churches.  The  steamers  running  on  the  Upper  Ottawa 
start  from  Aylmer.     Pop.  1650. 

Aylmer,  or  West  Aylmer,  a  post-village  in  Elgin 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  64  miles  from  Canfield.  It  con- 
tains 5  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  large  packing 
establishments,  &c.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Aylsham,  ail'sham,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Norfolk,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norwich.  Pop. 
of  town,  2346. 

Ay  1  win,  ail' win,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebeo, 
on  the  Gatineau  River,  60  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  150. 

Aymara,  i-m&-ri',  one  of  the  great  tribes  of  Peruvian 
Indians,  a  sister  tribe  of  the  Quichua  stock;  at  present 
probably  much  reduced  in  numbers,  though  estimated  to 
exceed  150,000  of  pure  blood ;  found  in  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

Aymaraez,  a  province  of  Peru.    See  Aimaraez. 

Ayme,  a  village  of  France.     See  Aime-la-C8te. 

Ayodhya,  the  native  name  of  Oude. 

Ayopaya,  i-o-pi'i,  a  province  of  Bolivia,  department 
of  Cochabamba,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Eastern  Andes,  in 
the  Beni  Valley.  It  is  fertile,  and  affords  gold,  but  is 
scantily  peopled.     Capital,  Independencia.     Pop.  26.179. 

Ayora,  i-o'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  52  miles 
S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  4825. 

Ayotitan,  i-o-te-t&n',  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Jalisco, 
120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guadalajara. 

Ayotla,  i-ot'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  20  miles  B.  of  the 
city  of  Mexico. 

Ayr,  air  (anc.  Vidogara),  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  on  the 
border  of  Lanarkshire,  traverses  the  co.  of  Ayr,  and  enters 
the  sea  at  Ayr.     Length,  33  miles. 

Ayr,  or  Ayrshire,  air'shir,  a  maritime  county  of  Scot- 
land, having  on  the  W.  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  and  landward 
the  counties  of  Renfrew,  Lanark,  Dumfries,  Kirkcudbright, 
and  Wigton.  Area,  1149  square  miles.  Pop.  226,283.  Sur- 
face in  the  E.  and  S.E.  mountainous ;  elsewhere  hilly ;  and 
along  the  coast,  especially  in  the  N.,  there  is  a  good  deal  of 
fertile  land.  Oats,  wheat,  potatoes,  cheese,  and  turnips  are 
leading  products.  There  are  extensive  iron-works,  and  large 
quantities  of  coal  are  raised  and  exported  from  Ayr,  Troon, 
and  other  ports.  The  woollen-,  cotton-,  and  flax-mills  are 
of  great  importance ;  chemicals,  machinery,  and  copper  are 
also  manufactured.  Ayrshire  returns  one  member  to  Par- 
liament.    The  county  gives  name  to  a  fine  breed  of  cows. 

Ayr,  a  parliamentary  borough,  seaport  town,  and  parish 
of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Ayr,  40  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Lat.  of  light-house,  55°  28'  17"" 
N. ;  Ion.  4°  38'  26"  W.  Pop.  in  1891,  23,835.  Th^e  town,  of 
late  years,  is  much  improved.    The  chief  edifices  are  a  good 


AYR 


563 


AZO 


r 


ooantj  hall,  a  town  house,  assembly-rooms,  Ac. ;  a  Gothic 
building,  113  feet  high,  ornamented  with  a  statue  of  Wal- 
lace ;  an  arcade ;  the  mechanics'  institute ;  a  theatre ;  and  2 
bridges  across  the  Ayr  River, — celebrated  by  Bums.  The 
harbor,  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  Ayr  and  two  piers,  has 
been  greatly  improved.  Ayr  is  the  terminus  of  several  rail- 
ways. It  has  an  extensive  general  trade,  rope-works,  saw- 
mills, manufactures  of  woven  goods,  carpets,  blankets,  leather, 
several  banks,  and  exports  of  coal  and  iron.  It  is  a  place  of 
fashionable  resort,  and  S.  of  the  town  is  a  race-course  of 
90  acres.  AUoway  Kirk  and  Bums's  monument  are  within 
?i  miles  of  Ayr,  on  the  S.  It  unites  with  Campbeltown,  In- 
verary,  Irvine,  and  Oban  to  send  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons. 

Ayr,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  11  miles  by  rail 
8.  of  Hastings.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Ayr,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1247. 

Ayr,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  Smith's  Creek  (or  river  Nith)  and  Cedar  Creek, 
7  miles  from  Paris.  It  is  a  grain  and  lumber  market,  and 
contains  an  iron-foundry,  woollen-factory,  flouring-mills, 
a  branch  bank,  hotels,  and  churches.     Pop.  1300. 

Ayrfto,  i-r8wijo',  a  market-town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Pari,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Negro. 

Ayrshire^  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Ayr. 

Ayrshire,  air'shir,  a  post-town  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa, 
130  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.   It  has  3  churches. 

Ayton,  i'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co!,  Ontario,  14 
miles  from  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  150. 

Ayuthia,  4-yoo't'hee'a,  Icathia,  or  Juthia,  yoo'- 
t'hee'i,  the  ancient  capital  of  Siam,  on  an  island  in  the  river 
Menam,  54  miles  above  Bangkok,  in  lat.  14°  38'.  Pop. 
40,000,  including  Laotians,  Chinese,  Siamese,  and  Malays. 

Ayuthia,  a  form  of  Ayodha,  a  Sanskrit  name  for  Oude, 
and  for  the  fabled  country  of  the  god  Rama. 

Aywaille,  i-^il'l§h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Liege,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louvegnez.     Pop.  3300. 

Azaffi,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Saffee. 

Azalia,  ^-za'le-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  about  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Azalia,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Toledo,  0.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Azambuja,  &-z3,m-boo'zh&,  a  village  of  Portugal,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1980. 

Azambuxeira,  i-zim-boo-sM'e-rl,  a  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Estremadura,  11  miles  W.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  392. 

Azamor,  4-zi-mor',  or  Azemmour,  i-zem-moor',  a 
seaport  town  of  Morocco,  122  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morocco,  on 
the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Morbeya  (Umm-er- 
r'bieh),  which  forms  its  harbor,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Mazagan. 
Lat.  33°  17'  37"  N.;  Ion.  8°  15'  W.  Pop.  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  600  to  3000. 

Azangaro,  a  village  of  Peru.    See  Asanoaro. 

Azani,  i^z8,'nee\  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Rhyndacus,  73  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brusa.  Its  remains  com- 
prise a  fine  Ionic  temple  of  Jupiter,  a  theatre  232  feet  in 
diameter,  &c.  A  village  of  about  60  houses  is  formed  of  a 
portion  of  its  ruins. 

Azanghal;  4-thSw-gS,l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2890. 

Azay  le  Ferron,  i^zi'  l§h  f  fiR^R6ii»',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Indre,  29  miles  W.  of  Chlteauroux.     Pop.  1980. 

Azay  le  Ridean,  i^zi'  l§h  reeMS',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-et-Loire,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  2108. 

Azay- sur- Cher,  3,^zi'siiR-shaiR',  a  town  of  France, 
tn  Indre-et-Loire,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1250. 

Azcoytia,or  Azcoitia,  9,8-ko'e-te-&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Guipuzcoa,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  San  Sebastian.   Pop.  1470. 

Azeglio,  id-zil'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Ivrea.    Fine  wines  are  produced  here.     Pop.  2198. 

AzeitSo,  i-zi-e-t3wH»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura, 7  miles  W.  of  Setubal.    Pop.  2814. 

Azem,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Ardrah. 

Azerba^an,  Azerbjjan,  or  Azerbaidjan,  iz-^r- 
bi-j8,n',  written  also  Aderbaijan,  Adjerbeidjan,  and 
Adubitschan  (anc.  Me'dia  A.tropate'ne),i\i&  most  north- 
erly province  of  Persia,  between  lat.  36°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion. 
44°  and  48°  40'  E. ;  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Persian  Koordiston 
and  Irak,  on  tt.e  E.  by  Ghilan,  on  the  N.E.  and  N.  by  the 
Russian  dominions,  and  on  the  W.  by  Turkish  Koordistan. 
Area  estimated  at  30,300  square  miles,  and  the  population 
at  2,000,000.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  many 
ranges  varying  from  7000  to  9000  feet  in  height;  it  contains 
the  mountains  of  Savalany  and  Ararat.  Its  valleys  are 
very  fertile,  yielding  wheat,  maize,  rice,  cotton,  hemp,  mad- 
der, tobacco,  and  saflfron,  so  that  it  is  reckoned  one  of  the 


most  productive  portions  of  the  Persian  dominions.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Aras  (anc.  Arax'es),  forming  all 
its  N.  frontier,  and  the  Kara  Soo.  Lake  Ooroomeeyah  ii 
wholly  comprised  in  this  province.  The  chief  cities  ar« 
Tabreez,  Ooroomeeyah  (Oormiah),  Ardabeel,  and  Khoi. 

Aziak,  &'ze-ak,  or  Sledge  Island,  an  abrupt  rocky 
island  of  Alaska,  lat.  64°  29'  N.,  Ion.  166°  1'  W.,  11  miles 
from  the  mainland.     It  is  inhabited  by  Esquimaux. 

Azille,  i^zeel'  or  4^zee'y§h,  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aude,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1860. 

Azimabad,  a  native  name  of  Patna. 

Az4inghur',  a  district  of  British  India,  in  the  North- 
West  Provinces.  Area,  2494  square  miles.  Pop.  1,531,410. 
The  surfact  is  generally  fertile ;  it  is  watered  by  the  Gog- 
gra,  Goomtee,  and  Ganges.  The  chief  products  are  sugar, 
indigo,  opium,  and  cotton  and  silk  goods. 

Azimghnr,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  province 
of  Allahabad,  on  the  Tons,  a  navigable  tributary  of  the 
Ganges,  about  75  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Benares.     Pop.  15,893. 

Azimgunge,  or  Azimga^j,  4^zim-giinj',  a  large  town 
of  India,  in  Moorshedabad,  on  the  river  Bhagirathi,  nearly 
opposite  Moorshedabad,  is  the  E.  terminus  of  a  railway  to 
Nulhatty,  and  is  the  residence  of  many  merchants. 

Azincourt,  a  village  of  France.    See  Agincotjrt. 

Azio,  id'ze-o,  a  district  and  promontory  of  Greece,  in 
Acarnania,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  supposed  to 
indicate  the  site  of  the  ancient  AcHum. 

Azmerigunge,  4z-mdr-e-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Sylhet,  on  the  Soormah,  a  tributary  of  the  Megna,  85  miles 
N.E.  of  Dacca. 

Az'of,  or  Az'ov  (Russ.  pron.  i-zov';  anc.  Tan'aia),  a 
town  and  fort  of  Russia,  in  a  detached  part  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Tekaterinoslav,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Don  into 
the  Gulf  of  Azof,  25  miles  E.  of  Taganrog.       Pop.  16,581. 

Az'of,  Az'oph,  or  Az'ov,  Sea  of  (Russian,  More 
Azovskoe,  mo-ri'  i-zov-sko'i;  anc.  Pa'lus  Mseo'tis),  a  body 
of  water  in  the  E.  part  of  Europe,  forming  the  northern 
subdivision  of  the  Black  Sea,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Strait  of  Yenikale  or  Kertch,  situated  between  the  par- 
allels of  45°  15'  and  47°  l8'  N.  and  between  the  meridians 
of  35°  and  39°  E. ;  its  length  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  being 
about  200  miles,  its  average  breadth  about  80  miles,  and 
its  area  about  14,000  square  miles.  The  N.  coast  is  for  the 
most  part  bold  and  craggy ;  the  E.  coast,  inhabited  by  Cos- 
sacks, is  very  low ;  the  W.  coast  is  formed  by  the  tongue  of 
land  called  the  Arabat,  which  divides  it  from  the  Sivash  or 
Putrid  Sea ;  while  the  Crimea  and  the  territory  of  the  Cos- 
sacks of  the  Black  Sea  form  the  S.  shore.  Its  greatest 
depth  between  Yenikale  and  Yalta  in  Yekaterinoslav,  on  the 
N.  side,  is  7|  fathoms,  and  it  diminishes  considerably  towards 
the  Gulf  of  Don.  Perhaps  no  body  of  water  of  equal  extent 
so  abounds  with  fish :  the  principal  fisheries  are  along  the 
S.  coast,  between  Cape  Dolgava  and  the  Strait  of  Yenikale ; 
the  sturgeon,  sterlet,  and  other  fish  are  prepared  in  large 
quantities,  affording  both  caviare  and  isinglass.  The  ex- 
treme W.  part,  called  the  Putrid  Sea,  is  during  the  greater 
?art  of  the  year  little  better  than  a  noxious  quagmire, 
he  Strait  of  Yenikale  is  about  11  miles  long  and  4  broad, 
though  the  navigable  channel  never  exceeds  1  mile  in 
breadth.  A  new  island  was  raised  in  the  Sea  of  Azof  in 
1814,  by  volcanic  eruption.  The  chief  towns  on  its  shores 
are  'Taganrog,  Mariopol,  Kertch,  Berdiansk,  and  Yenikale. 

Azores,  az'Srs  or  az-5rz'  (Port.  A^orea,  &-so'ris,-  Fr. 
Ilea  Agorea,  eerz&^son' ;  Ger.  Azoriache  Inaeln,  it-so'rish-^h 
in's^ln),  or  Western  Islands,  a  series  of  islands  in  the 
North  Atlantic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Portugal,  situated  be- 
tween lat.  36°  59'  and  39°  44'  N.  and  Ion.  31°  7'  and  25° 
10'  W.,  being  about  800  miles  from  the  coast  of  Portugal. 
They  are  9  in  number,  besides  several  islets,  and  arranged 
in  three  groups :  the  N.W.  group  is  composed  of  the  islands 
of  Flores  and  Corvo;  the  central  group,  about  114  miles 
S.E.  of  these,  consists  of  Teroeira,  Sao  Jorge,  Pico,  Fayal, 
and  Graciosa;  and  the  third  group,  69  miles  S.E.  of  the 
central,  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  Mary.  St.  Michael  is  the 
largest  of  all  the  islands.  St.  Mary  is  distant  from  it  about 
45  miles.  The  Azores,  all  of  which  are  of  volcanic  origin, 
present  a  very  rugged  though  picturesque  aspect,  being 
lofty,  precipitous,  and  generally  of  a  conical  form.  The 
most  remarkable  of  these  summits  is  the  Peak  of  Pico,  which 
shoots  up  to  the  height  of  7613  feet.  Though  presenting  a 
very  unpromising  appearance  from  the  sea,  a  closer  inspec- 
tion discovers  these  islands  to  be  covered  with  vineyards, 
cornfields,  and  groves  of  lemon-  and  orange-trees.  The  cli- 
mate, though  humid,  is  delightful,  and  brings  every  sort  of 
vegetable  product  to  perfection.  The  sugar-cane,  coffee- 
plant,  and  tobacco  grow  luxuriantly;  and  fruits  and  plants 
of  all  kinds  and  from  all  countries  can  be  successfully  cul 


AZO 


564 


BAB 


airated.  The  Azores  produce  wine  and  brandy,  oranges  and 
lemons,  the  greater  part  of  which  find  their  way  to  Britain, 
the  remainder  being  divided  between  Brazil,  Hamburg,  and 
the  United  States.  They  also  export  considerable  quantities 
of  coarse  linen,  salt  pork,  and  beef.  Their  imports  are 
chiefly,  from  England,  hardware,  cotton  and  woollen  stuflFs, 
wearing-apparel,  Ac. ;  from  the  Brazils,  rum,  coffee,  sugar, 
&c. ;  from  the  United  States,  fish,  staves,  timber,  tar,  oil, 
&c. ;  from  Portugal,  salt,  tea,  and  ecclesiastical  goods. 

The  great  hinderance  to  the  prosperity  of  the  Azores 
is  their  want  of  good  harbors;  the  only  tolerable  port 
being  that  of  Angra,  and  even  that  ofi"ers  little  safety 
except  in  the  fine  season;  but  artificial  ports  are  being 
constructed  for  the  principal  towns.  In  1591,  an  earth- 
quake, which  continued  12  days,  destroyed  the  town  of 
villa  Franca  in  the  island  of  St.  Michael ;  and  in  1808  a 
volcano  rose  up  in  the  island  of  Sao  Jorge  to  the  height  of 
3500  feet,  and  became  extinct  after  burning  with  great  fury 
for  six  days  and  sending  out  a  flood  of  lava  which  over- 
flowed the  island.  In  this  archipelago  several  rocks  and 
volcanic  islands  have  from  time  to  time  been  thrust  up  from 
the  bottom  of  the  ocean.  Fountains  of  boiling  water  also  exist 
in  some  of  the  islands.  The  period  of  the  first  discovery 
of  the  Azores  is  not  ascertained,  but  they  were  known,  and 
several  of  them  were  laid  down  in  maps,  in  the  fourteenth 
century.  Little,  however,  was  known  of  them  till  the 
year  1431  or  1432,  when  a  Flemish  merchant  of  the  name 
of  Vanderberg  was  driven  by  stress  of  weather  on  their 
coasts:  having  mentioned  his  discovery  on  his  arrival  at 
Lisbon,  the  Portuguese  government  took  possession  of  them, 
giving  them  the  name  of  Azores,  from  the  great  numUer  of 
hawks  found  on  the  islands, — a(^or  being  the  Portuguese  for 
hawk.  They  were  at  this  period  uninhabited,  and  without 
animals  of  any  kind,  except  birds,  which  were  numerous 

and  various.    Pop.  in  1872,  261,907 ;  in  1881,  269,401. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Azorian,  &-zo're-%n. 

Azotus,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Asdood. 

Azov,  a  sea  of  Russia.    See  Azof. 

Azpeytia^  or  Azpeitia,  &s-p&'e-te-&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Quipozcoa,  on  the  Urola,  15  miles  S.W.  of  San 


Sebastian.  Ignatius  Loyola,  the  founder  of  the  Jesuits, 
was  bom  about  a  mile  from  Azpeytia,  in  a  house  which  is 
still  preserved  within  the  walls  of  a  convent.     Pop.  2336. 

Az'talan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  on  Craw- 
fish River,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Madison,  and  4  miles  W. 
of  Johnson's  Creek  Station.  It  has  a  church.  The  township 
contains  remarkable  prehistoric  mounds  and  earthworks. 

Az'teC;  a  post-village  of  San  Juan  co..  New  Mexico, 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Dnrango,  Col.  It  has  a  church,  and 
near  it  are  well-preserved  Aztec  ruins.     Pop.  100. 

Az'tecS)  a  native  race  or  tribe  of  American  Indians, 
the  dominant  people  in  Mexico  at  the  time  of  its  conquest 
by  Cortez.  Their  language,  called  Nahuatl,  is  still  exten- 
sively spoken.  They  had  made  some  progress  from  the 
savage  state  before  the  advent  of  the  Spaniards,  but  are 
believed  to  have  borrowed  much  from  the  superior  civiliza- 
tion of  the  Toltecs.  Recent  critics  are  disposed  to  receive 
the  glowing  statements  of  the  earlier  Spanisn  historians  re- 
garding the  wealth  and  advancement  of  the  Aztecs,  and  the 
extent  of  their  power,  with  much  allowance. 

Azna,  k-zoo'k,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Hayti,  near  its 
S.  cf^ast,  55  miles  W.  of  Santo  Domingo.     Pop.  1500. 

Azuaga*  &-thoo-&'g&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
20  miles  E.  of  Llerena.     Pop.  6647. 

Aznara^  &-thoo-d,'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Belchite.     Pop.  2317. 

Azuay,  a  department  of  Ecuador.    See  Asvat. 

Azul)  4-sool',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
ince and  about  140  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Buenos  Ayres,  the 
centre  of  a  colony  of  Italians  and  Basques.  Pop.  2114; 
with  surroundings,  7000  ;  of  the  district  of  Azul,  25,000. 

Azurara  de  Beira.    See  Mangoalde. 

Azusa,  a-zoo'sa,  a  post-town  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
in  a  fine  fruit-growing  and  mining  region,  15  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
o£5ce,  A,e.     Pop.  500. 

Azzano,  &t-s&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Udine, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Pordenone.     Pod.  4320. 

Azzara,  or  Atzara,  &t-8&'r&,  a  village  of  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  10  miles  E.  of  Busachi.     Pop.  1620. 


B. 


Ba,  b&,  a  word  signifying  "river,"  especially  used  as  a 
prefix  to  many  names  of  rivers  in  West  Africa,  as  Ba-Fing, 
one  of  the  names  of  the  Senegal. 

Baab,  bib,  or  El  Baab,  a  mountain  of  Africa,  in  the 
Sahara,  120  miles  S.  of  Fezzan,  on  the  route  to  Lake  Chad. 

Baaden,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Baden. 

Baadli,  bid'lee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Mosul.    It  is  the  capital  of  the  Yezidees. 

Baadsted,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden.    See  Bastad. 

Baagoe,  bo'go^^h,  or  Bogoe,  bo'go'§h,  an  island  of 
Denmark,  between  Falster  and  Seeland.     Pop.  550. 

Baagoe,  or  Bogoe,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Little  Belt,  between  Funen  and  Sleswick,  with  a  village 
called  Baagoby  (bog'o-bii^). 

Baak,  Baagk,  or  Bagk,  b5.K,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
Westphalia,  1  mile  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hattingen.     Pop.  1170. 

Baal,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  BaarLe. 

Baal'bec,  Bal'bec,  or  Baal'bek  (the  Baalath  of 
Scripture,  and  Heliop'olia  of  the  Greeks),  a  ruined  town  of 
Syria,  formerly  a  city  of  great  size  and  magnificence,  situ- 
ated on  the  lowest  declivity  of  Anti-Libanus,  43  miles  N.W. 
of  Damascus.  Lat.  34°  1'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  36°  11'  E.  Its  remains 
comprise  three  temples,  two  formed  with  immense  stones, 
besides  numerous  columns,  altars,  and  the  vestiges  of  the 
city  walls,  3  to  4  miles  in  circuit.  A  great  temple,  one  of 
the  wonders  of  the  world,  was  erected  by  Antoninus  Pius. 
Baalbec  continued  to  be  a  place  of  great  importance  down  to 
the  time  of  the  Moslem  invasion ;  it  was  sacked  a.d.  748,  and 
pillaged  by  Tamerlane  in  1400.  The  present  village,  to 
the  E.  of  the  ruins,  has  fallen  greatly  into  decay,  and  con- 
tains about  2000  inhabitants.  The  Greek  name  of  this  city, 
Heliopolis,  has  the  same  signification  as  Baalbec,  i.e., 
"  city  of  the  sun." 

Baambrngge,  bim'briig-gh^h,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 12  miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Amstel. 


Baar,  b&R,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  2^  miles  N.  of  Zng, 
has  spinning-mills  and  paper-manufactories.     Pop.  3744. 

Baarderadeel,  biR'd§r-4-dil',  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Friesland,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Baarland,  b&R'l&nt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
island  of  South  Beveland,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Arnemuyden. 
Pop.  758. 

Baarle,  b&R'l^h,  Baarle-Nassan,  b&R'l^h-n&s'sSw, 
or  Baal,  b&l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
North  Brabant,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breda,  adjoining  Baarle- 
Hertog  in  Belgium.     Pop.  2206. 

Baarn,  binn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  and 
12  miles  N.E."  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2524. 

Baba,  bi'bi^  (anc.  Lec'tum),  a  seaport  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  near  its  W.  extremity.     Pop.  4000. 

Baba,  b4'b4\  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Thessaly, 
on  the  Salembria,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Larissa.     Pop.  2000. 

Baba,  bi'bi,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  42 
miles  N.  of  Guayaquil.     Pop.  4000  (?). 

Baba,  a  Malay  island.     See  Babba. 

Bababeg,  bi-ba-bSg',  Sheher-Babic,  shSh'h^rbi'- 
bik\  or  Sheher-e-Babec,  shSh'her  §h  bi'bSk',  a  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Kerman,  lat.  29°  53'  N.,  Ion.  55°  3'  E. 
It  was  formerly  a  flourishing  city,  but  is  now  much  decayed. 

Baba-Dagh,  bi'blMig',  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  the 
Dobrudja  (which  see),  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Rassein,  93 
miles  N.E.  of  Silistria.     Pop.  10,000. 

Baba-Dagh  (anc.  Mons  Cad'mus),  a  celebrated  moun- 
tain in  the  S.W.  part  of  Asia  Minor ;  also  the  name  of  sev- 
eral other  mountains  in  European  and  Asiatic  Turkey. 

Babahan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Behbehan. 

Babahoyo,  b&-b&-o'yo,  or  Bodegas,  ho-dk'gia,  m 
town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  70  miles  N.  by  E.  o' 
Guayaquil,  on  the  Guayas.     Pop.  2000. 

Babai,  a  village  of  India.    See  Babte. 


BAB 


565 


BAG 


Babakanda,  b&-b&-k&n'd&,  a  town  of  the  Foolah  coun- 
try, Africa.     Lat.  10°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  65'  E.     Pop.  10,000. 

Babba,  b3,b'b&,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  Archipelago, 
IL-  about  80  miles  W.  of  Timor-Laut.  Lat.  7°  50'  S.;  Ion.  129° 
li      40'  E.     Length,  18  miles ;  average  breadth,  6  miles. 

Bab'bicombe,  a  village  and  popular  resort  of  Devon- 
shire, England,  2  miles  N.  of  Torquay. 

Babb's  Bridge,  a  post-oflfice  of  Rapides  parish.  La., 
is  at  a  hamlet  called  Calhoun's,  on  Spring  Creek. 

Babb'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Greenville. 

Bab'cock's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Bridgewater  township,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Utica. 

Babcock's  Mills,  New  York.   See  Sotith  Brookfield. 

Babek,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Bababeg. 

Babel  (b&b'^l)  Island,  in  Bass's  Straits,  is  contig- 
uous to  the  E.  point  of  Great  Island.  Lat.  40°  S. ;  Ion. 
U8°  20'  E. 

Bab-eNMandeb,  bS,b-Jl-m4n'd4b^  ("the  gate  of 
tears"),  sometimes  improperly  called  Bab-el-Mandel, 
a  strait  uniting  the  Red  Sea  with  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  deriving  its  name  from  the  dangers  of  its  navigation. 
Distance  across  from  the  cape  on  the  Arabian  shore  to  the 
coast  of  Africa,  20  miles.  Perim,  now  occupied  by  the 
English,  and  other  small  islands,  lie  ofi"  the  N.  shore.  See 
Cape  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Babelthuap,  b&^bSl-too-ip',  the  largest  of  the  Pelew 
Islands.  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  1^  30'  N. ;  Ion.  134°  40'  E. 

Babenhausen,  b&^b^n-hSw'z^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Darmstadt,     Pop.  2673. 

Babenhausen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Augsburg,  where  reside  the  Princes  Fugger  von  Baben- 
hausen.     Pop.  1850. 

Babhangaon,  b&b^h&n-gSwn',  a  town  of  India^  district 
and  40  miles  N.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  3277. 

Babia,  the  Latin  name  of  the  town  of  Montalto. 

Babiacora,  bi-be-i-ko'ri,  atown  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora, 
on  the  Sonora  River,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arispe.    Pop.  600. 

Babiuagreda,  bi-be-ni-gri'dS,,  a  village  of  Austro- 
Hungary,  Slavonia,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Brod.  Pop.  4421. 

Ba'bine  Lake,  or  Na'ta-Pun'ket,  a  large  lake  of 
British  Columbia,  the  source  of  a  tributary  of  the  Columbia. 

Babinovichi,  Babinovitchi,or  Babinowitschi, 
bi-be-no-vee'chee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  65 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Moheelev,  on  an  affluent  of  the  DUna. 

Baboui  Bay,  Newfoundland.    See  Bull's  Bay. 

Babuyan  (bi^boo-yin')  Islands,  a  group  of  volcanic 
origin,  in  the  Pacific,  just  N.  of  Luzon.  They  belong  to 
Spain.     Chief  islands,  Calayan  and  Claro  Babuyan. 

Babye,  or  Babai,  bi^bi',  a  town  of  India,  Central 
Provinces,  in  Jubbulpoor,  15  miles  E.  of  Hoshungabad. 
Pop.  3205. 

Bab'ylon  (L.  Bah'ylon;  Gr.  Ba^uAMi-,  Bahulon),  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  celebrated  cities  in  the  world,  the 
ancient  capital  of  the  Babylonio-Chaldean  Empire,  was  sit- 
uated in  an  extensive  plain,  on  the  Euphrates,  60  miles  S. 
of  Bagdad.  The  modern  town  of  Hillah  occupies  a  portion 
of  its  site.  Lat.  32°  28'  30"  N. ;  l»n.  44°  9'  45"  E.  Accord- 
ing to  Herodotus,  the  walls  of  Babylon  were  60  miles  in 
circumference,  87  feet  thick,  and  350  feet  high,  built  of 
brick,  and  contained  25  gates  of  solid  brass,  and  250  towers. 
The  ruins  of  Birs-Nimrood  are  supposed  by  some  writers  to 
be  the  tower  of  Babel  of  the  Scriptures,  or  the  Temple  of 
Belus  described  by  Herodotus.  The  base  of  this  tower 
measures  2082  feet  in  circumference;  its  remains,  con- 
structed of  the  most  beautiful  brick  masonry,  are  28  feet  in 
breadth.  Babylon  was  in  its  glory  in  the  time  of  Nebu- 
chadnezzar. It  was  besieged  and  taken  by  Cyrus,  B.C.  538, 
and  afterwards  by  Alexander  the  Great.  The  most  prom- 
inent of  the  remaining  ruins  are  Birs-Nimrood,  the  Easr, 
on  the  supposed  site  of  the  palace  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  and 
the  Mujahlibah,  on  the  river  bank,  5  miles  from  Hillah. 
Very  important  additions  to  our  knowledge  of  its  history 
have  been  obtained  by  the  translation  of  its  cuneiform 
inscriptions  in  recent  years. 

Bab'ylon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  HL,  on  Spoon 
River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Galesburg. 

Babylon,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  situated  on  the  Great  South  Bay  (south  shore  of  Long 
Island),  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad  at  the  junction 
of  the  Central  Branch,  36  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Brooklyn. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  numerous 
other  business  concerns.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  6035. 

Babylonia,  bab-elo'ne-a,  the  ancient  name  of  a  prov- 
ince in  Middle  Asia,  now  called  Bagdad,  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Mesopotamia,  E.  by  the  Tigris  River,  S.  by  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  W.  by  the  Arabian   Desert.     The  country,  in 


ancient  times,  was  famed  for  its  fertility ;  now  it  is  a  deso- 
late waste.    See  Bagdad  and  Irak-Arabee. 

Baby  Poolo  (or  Pnlo),  bi'bee  poo'lo,  a  cluster  of 
islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  95°  32'  E. 

Bacalar,  bl-ki-lan',  or  San  Felipe  de  Bacalar, 
sin  f4-lee'pi  di  bi-ki-laR',  a  seaport  of  Yucatan,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  San  Jos6, 86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Balize.    P.  4000. 

Bacalh&o,an  island  off  Newfoundland.  SeeBACCALEW 

Bacamarte,  b&-k&-maR'ti,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Parahyba,  16  miles  from  Campina  Grande. 

Bacau,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Bakau. 

Bac^calew',  Bacalian,  or  Bacalien  (Port.  Baca- 
Ihao,  bl-kil-ySwN"',  i.e.,  "  codfish"),  a  small  island,  N.E.  of 
the  Avalon  peninsula,  Newfoundland.  Lat.  48°  9'  N. ;  Ion- 
52°  52'  AV.     Area,  4  square  miles. 

Baccarat,  b&k^k&^r&',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lun6ville,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Meurthe.  Pop.  6040.  Its  crystal-works 
are  the  most  extensive  in  France. 

Bacchiglione,  bik-keel-yo'ni  (anc.  Medo'ac%u  Mi'nor, 
or  Medu'acua  Mi'nor),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  near  Yicenza, 
passes  Padua,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  3  miles  S.  of  Chioggia. 
Length,  55  miles. 

Bachan,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Bachian. 

Bacharach,  bi'si-riK^  a  town  of  Prussia,  22i  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1687. 

Bach'elor,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
from  Auxvasse  Railroad  Station. 

Bachelor's  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  oo., 
Va.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 

Bachelor's  Retreat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconee  co., 
S.C,  5  miles  from  Westminster  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles  • 
from  Webster  City. 

Bachian,  Batchian,  Batschian,  b&^che-&n',  writ- 
ten by  the  Dutch  Batjan,  hkVy&n',  also  sometimes  spelled 
Bachan,  Batshiau,  and  Batsian,  an  island  of  the 
Dutch  East  Indies,  Molucca  Archipelago,  in  the  Temate 
group,  S.W.  of  Gilolo.  Lat.  0°  35'  S.;  Ion.  127°  35'  E. 
Estimated  area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous  and 
fertile.     The  Dutch  took  it  from  the  Spaniards  in  1610. 

Bachman,  blK'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  17  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Bachman's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Bachman's  Valley  Junction,  Pennsylvania.  See 
Valley  Junction. 

Bachmanville,  b&K'man-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dau- 
phin CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  from  Derry. 

Bachmut,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bakhuoot. 

Back^bone',  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Backbone,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Backbone  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex., 
about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin. 

Back  Creek  rises  in  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  runs  north- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Potomac  in  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va. 

Back  Creek,  a  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     P.  1212. 

Back  Creek  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  a  summer  resort  called  Valley  Home. 

Backergunge,  or  Bakargai^,  b&k-^r-gunj',  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal,  in  the  Ganges  delta,  bounded  S.  by  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  E.  by  Noakhally,  and  W.  by  Jessore.  Area, 
4939  square  miles.  It  includes  some  of  the  Sunderbunds, 
and  is  cut  by  innumerable  navigable  water-channels.  It  is 
very  fertile.     Capital,  Burrishol.     Pop.  2,377,433. 

Backnang,  b&k'n&ng,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
leather,  and  muslin.     Pop.  4472. 

Back  River,  a  small  stream  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
unites  its  waters  with  the  Piscataqua. 

Back's  Land,  British  North  America,  is  a  name  ap- 

5 lied  to  the  region  around  the  Arctic  Circle,  between  Ion. 
5°  and  108°  W.,  explored  by  Captein  Back  in  1831. 

Back's  River,  Canada.    See  Great  Fish  Riyer. 

Back  Swamp,  a  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.    P.  800. 

Back'usburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  oo.,  Ky.,  11 
miles  £.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  50. 

Bacoli,  bi-ko'lee  (anc.  Villa  Bauli),  a  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Pozzuoli,  and  10  miles  W.  of 
Naples.     Here  are  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. 

Bacolor,  b&-ko-lor',  a  town  of  Luzon,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Pampanga,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Manila,  near  the 
river  Pampanga.     Pop.  8548. 

Bacon,  a  t6wn8hip  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  813. 

Bacon,  a  post-offioe  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0. 


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Bacon  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  tobacco.   Pop.  100. 

Bacon  Ilill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  from  Gansevoort  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Baconsburg,  Trumbull  co.,  0.    See  Cortland. 

Ba'con's  Cas'tle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surrey  co.,  Va., 
about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Ba'conton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mitchell  co., 
Ga.,  near  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad, 
16  miles  S.  of  Albany.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Ba'con  Tnrn'out,  a  station  in  Edgefield  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Augusta,  Ga. 

Bacqaeville,  or  Basqueville,  bikVeel',  a  town  of 
France,  Seine-Inf6rieure,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Dieppe.   P.  2520. 

Bacs,  or  Batsch,  bitsh,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded 
S.  and  W.  by  the  Danube.  Capital,  B^cs.  Area,  3975 
square  miles.     Pop.  576,149. 

Bdcs,  or  Batsch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the 
county  of  Bdcs,  148  miles  S.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3666. 

Bactria,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Balkh. 

Bac'up,atown  of  Lancashire,  England,  on  a  railway, 
6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rochdale.  It  has  varied  and  extensive 
manufactures,  quarries,  coal-mines,  a  library,  and  water- 
works, and  is  a  place  of  recent  growth.    P.  (1891)  23,498. 

Bada,  the  Latin  for  Baden. 

Badagry,  bi-dig'ree,  a  British  port  of  Upper  Guinea, 
on  the  Slave  Coast,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Whydah.  Mount 
Badagry,  in  Upper  Guinea,  is  in  lat.  6°  26'  N,,  Ion.  3°  14'  E. 

Badtyos,  bad-a-hoce'  (Sp.  Badajoz,  bi-Di-Hoth'  j-anc. 
Pax  Augua'ta),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  the 
same  name,  and  of  Estremadura,  on  the  Guadiana,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Rivillas,  132  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lisbon,  and 
6  miles  from  the  frontier  of  Portugal.  Pop.  17,960.  The 
streets  are  narrow  and  crooked,  but  well  paved  and  clean, 
and  the  houses  are  good.  Principal  buildings,  a  cathedral, 
several  hospitals,  an  arsenal,  and  within  the  citadel  a  lofty 
tower.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  wooUens,  and  leather, 
and  a  brisk  trade.  Badajos  was  taken  by  Soult  on  the  10th 
of  March,  1811,  and  by  Wellington  on  the  6th  of  April, 
1812.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Badajos,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Portuguese  frontier.  It  is  popularly  known  as  Lower  Es- 
tremadura. It  is  rich  in  metals,  and  produces  wax,  silk, 
wool,  and  pork.    Area,  8687  square  miles.     Pop.  431,922. 

Badakhshan.    See  Budukhshan. 

Badaloua,  b&-D3,-lo'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  9525. 

Badalucco,  b&-dS,-look'ko,  or  Badaluco,  a  village 
of  Italy,  in  Ligviria,  12  miles  from  San  Remo.     Pop.  2290. 

Badaon,  a  town  of  India.     See  Budaon. 

Bad  Axe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Huron  co.,  Mich., 
in  Verona  township,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Vassar,  and  17  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Port  Austin.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  1000. 

Bad  Axe  River,  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  runs  southwestward 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  2  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Upper  Iowa. 

Baddeck',  a  port  of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
Victoria  co..  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  Bras  d'Or,  40  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Sydney.  It  has  a  court-house  and  jail,  3 
churches,  12  stores,  and  several  hotels.    Pop.  400. 

Bade,  the  French  name  of  Baden. 

Badeborn,  bi'd§h-boRn\  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
of  Anhalt,  5  miles  from  Ballenstadt.     Pop.  1321. 

Bad-£ms,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Ems. 

Baden,  bi'd§n  or  bi'd§n  (Fr.  Bade,  bidj  Sp.  and  It. 
Baden,  bi'dSn  j  L.  Ba'da),  Grand  Duchy  of  (Ger.  Grosa- 
herzogthum  Baden,  groce  hSflt'soG-toom  bi'd^n),  a  state  of 
the  German  Empire,  between  lat.  47°  32'  and  49°  52'  N. 
and  Ion.  7°  27'  and  9°  50'  E.,  in  the  angle  formed  by  the 
Rhine  on  turning  northward  at  Basel.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
Bavaria  and  Hesse,  E.  by  Bavaria,  Wiirttemberg,  andHo- 
henzollem,  S.  by  Switzerland,  and  W.  by  Alsace-Lorraine 
and  Rhenish  Bavaria.     Area  and  subdivisions  as  follows : 


Districts. 

Area  in 
square  miles. 

Pop.  in  1890. 

Chief  Towns. 

Lake  (Constance) 

Upper  Rhine 

UiddleBhine 

1303 
1654 
1549 
1314 

281,637 
469,136 
444,834 
461,210 

Constance. 
Freiburg. 

TotaL 

5820 

1,656,817 

The  country  is  divided  into  11  circles.  Surface  mountainous, 
covered  for  four-fifths  of  its  extent  by  the  Black  Forest, 
with  the  contreforts  which  extend  from  it;  the  Alp,  the 
Heiligenberg,  and  the  Randen  are  on  the  E.,  and  on  the  S. 
the  Schwarzwald  and  Odenwald,  which  bound  the  eastern 
valley  of  the  Rhine,  from  which  they  rise  abruptly  and 
form  a  chain  of  plateaus  gradually  descending  towards  the 
north,  and  varying  from  2000  to  4000  feet  in  elevation. 
The  culminating  points  are  the  Feldberg,  4676  feet :  the 
Kandel,  4160  feet ;  the  Blanen,  3822  feet ;  the  Katzenbuckel, 
summit  of  the  Odenwald,  2300  feet;  the  Randen,  2600  feet; 
and  the  Kaiserstuhl,  an  isolated  volcanic  mass  near  Brei- 
sach,  1900  feet.  The  western  part  of  the  territory  is  a 
plain,  extending  between  the  Rhine  and  the  mountains 
from  Basel  to  Mannheim.  Principal  rivers,  the  Rhine, 
which  forms  the  S.  and  W.  boundary,  the  Murg,  Kinzig, 
Weissmain,  Neckar,  and  Danube.  The  Lake  of  Constance 
forms  part  of  the  S.E.  frontier.  The  climate  is  very  mild 
in  the  valley  of  the  Rhine,  and  rigorous  in  the  mountain 
districts.  The  vine  is  cultivated  at  an  elevation  of  1400 
feet.  The  soil  is  in  general  very  fertile,  especially  in  the 
valleys  of  the  Rhine  and  Neckar.  Agriculture  supplies  the 
chief  wealth  of  the  state,  and  is  conducted  with  skill. 

Barley,  wheat,  maize,  potatoes,  fine  hemp,  flax,  and  to- 
bacco are  raised.  The  cultivation  of  fruit  is  extensively 
carried  on.  The  produce  of  wine  is  of  much  importance. 
Mineral  products  comprise  salt  from  springs,  alum,  vitriol, 
sulphur,  coal,  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  a  little  silver.  The 
duchy  is  extremely  rich  in  mineral  springs.  Manufactures 
have  of  late  materially  increased ;  the  principal  are  cotton- 
spinning  and  weaving,  ribbon-making,  and  the  production 
of  beet  sugar.  Important  branches  of  industry  in  the 
grand  duchy  are  the  manufactures  of  straw  plait,  wooden 
ornaments,  watches,  clocks,  jewelry,  musical  boxes,  toys, 
glass  and  glass  plates,  charcoal,  tar,  oil  of  cade,  Ac.  Prin- 
cipal exports,  timber,  wine,  corn,  hemp,  and  hops,  salt, 
linen,  and  cotton  goods,  wooden  clocks,  straw  hats,  and 
paper.  A  complete  system  of  railways  exists,  constructed 
and  operated  by  the  government. 

The  government  is  administered  by  the  grand  duke,  a 
chamber  of  peers,  and  a  chamber  consisting  of  22  deputies 
from  towns  and  41  from  rural  districts ;  it  has  the  reputa- 
tion of  being  tolerant  and  liberal.  The  majority  of  the 
population  is  Roman  Catholic,  but  the  reigning  family  is 
Protestant.  The  grand  duchy  possesses  an  excellent  system 
of  public  instruction,  and  the  schools  are  numerous.  At- 
tendance at  school  is  obligatory  on  ail  children.  Baden  has 
two  universities,  among  the  most  ancient  and  celebrated  in 
Germany ;  that  of  Heidelberg  has  a  faculty  for  Lutheran 
and  that  of  Freiburg  for  Catholic  theology.  Judicial  courts, 
subordinate  to  the  supreme  court  at  Mannheim,  sit  at 
Constance,  Freiburg,  Mannheim,  OfFenburg,  and  Carlsruhe. 
Baden  has  4  votes  in  the  federal  council,  and  her  troops 
form  the  14th  corps  of  the  German  army. 

Baden,  commonly  Baden-Baden,  bd,'d§n  b&'d^n 
(anc.  Civ'itas  Auri'lia  Aquen'sis),  a  town  and  watering- 
place  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  in  a  valley  of  the 
Schwarzwald,  on  the  Oehlbach,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carls- 
ruhe. The  town  is  6  miles  from  the  Rhine,  and  is  connected 
by  a  branch  with  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Basel.  It 
is  crowned  by  an  old  castle,  a  vast  ruined  ediflce  of  the  tenth 
or  eleventh  century.  The  principal  buildings  are  an  evan- 
gelic church,  a  new  castle,  the  Russian  chapel,  and  the 
Anglican  church  in  Norman  style,  several  good  schools, 
many  fine  hotels,  the  conversationa-haus,  art-gallery,  and 
library.  The  water  is  conveyed  by  pipes  to  numerous 
hotels,  in  which  baths  are  fitted  up.  There  are  20  springs 
of  a  saline  nature,  varying  in  temperature  from  117°  to 
154°  Fahrenheit,  containing  also  iron  and  free  carbonic 
acid.  This  is  generally  considered  the  most  beautifully 
situated  of  all  the  German  watering-places.  July  and 
August  are  the  months  in  which  it  is  most  frequented. 
Pop.  in  1885,  12,782;  in  1890,  13,884. 

Baden  (anc.  Ther'mee  Helvet'icse),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Limmat,  14  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Zurich.  Its  sulphur-baths  (temperature  117° 
Fahrenheit)  were  freauented  by  the  Romans.     Pop.  3650. 

Baden,  or  Baaden,  b3.'d?n  (anc.  Ther'mse  Ce'tise),  « 
town  of  Lower  Austria,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vienna, 
on  the  Schwachat.  It  has  an  imperial  castle,  many  rich 
private  mansions,  several  hospitals,  and  famous  mineral 
springs.  The  springs  are  sulphurous,  and  vary  in  tempera- 
ture from  92°  to  97°  Fahrenheit.     Pop.  13,342, 

Baden,  biMfiN«',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop,  2639. 

Baden,  ba'd^n,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co,,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  San  Francisoo. 


I 


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Ba'den,  a  post-rillage  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  4  churches. 

Baden,  a  hamlet  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  about  28  miles  S.  by 
W.  from  Lincoln. 

Baden,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
28  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Baden,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
railway,  72  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  an  iron- 
foundry,  woollen-,  flax-,  and  stave-factories,  a  brewery,  and 
•everal  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Baden-Baden,  Oermany.    See  Badkn. 

Baden-Baden,  post-office  at  Millersburg,  111. 

Baden-Hausen,  biM§n-h6w'z§n,  a  village  of  Bruns- 
wick, in  the  Harz,  8i  miles  S.  of  Seesen.     Pop.  937. 

Badenoch,  bi'd^n-OK^  an  extensive  Highland  dis- 
trict of  Scotland,  forming  the  S.E.  part  of  Inverness-shire, 
and  traversed  by  the  river  Spey. 

Badenweiler,  blMen-^i'I^r,  a  village  of  Baden,  2 
miles  E.  of  Miilheim,  has  alkaline  thermal  springs.   P.  471. 

Ba'ders,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co..  III.,  is  at  Osceola. 

Badgastein,  Austria.    See  Gastein. 

Badg'er,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  Ac. 
Pop.  200. 

Badger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  in  Lanark 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Waupaca. 

Badger  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  6 
miles  from  Emporia. 

Badger  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Chippewa  River,  in  Lafayette  township,  and  on  the 
Chippewa  Falls  &  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Eau 
Claire.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill  and  grist-mill. 

Badia,  b4-dee'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Adige,  11 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rovigo.  Pop.  5901,  who  manufacture 
pottery,  and  trade  in  corn,  flax,  cheese,  leather,  and  silk. 

Badia  Calavena,  b&-dee'i  ki-lS.-v^'ni,  a  town  of 
Northern  Italy,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Verona.     Pop.  2303. 

Badia  Tedalda,  bi-dee'3,  ti-d&l'di,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  2246. 

Badis,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Velez  db  Gomera. 

Badito,  bi-dee'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huerfano  co..  Col., 
on  the  Huerfano  River,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pueblo. 

Badkert,  bSd^kfiRt',  a  town  of  Hungary,  28  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Kecskemet.     Pop.  3656. 

Badkn,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bakoo. 

Bad  Lands.    See  Mauvaises  Terres. 

Badne'ra,  a  town  of  the  Amrawutti  district,  British 
India,  on  the  Indian  Peninsular  Railway.     Pop.  6876. 

Badnoor,  or  Badnnr.    See  Budnoor. 

Badolato,  bi-do-14'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  on 
the  sea,  15  miles  S.  of  Squillace.     Pop.  3932. 

Badong,  b&Mong',  a  commercial  state  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  island  of  Bali,  Malay  Archipelago.  Area,  about  100 
square  miles.  It  has  a  seaport  town  of  the  same  name,  with 
a  Dutch  settlement,  and  exports  rice,  coffee,  tobacco,  maize, 
cattle,  and  pigs,  receiving  in  return  European  manufactures, 
opium,  and  Chinese  coin.     Pop.  130,000. 

Badonviller,  b3,^d6N<»Vee^yaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Lun^ville.     Pop.  2069. 

Badoor,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.    See  Doostee. 

Badr,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Bedr. 

Badnl'Ia,  a  military  post  in  Ceylon,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Kandy,  and  2100  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  a  fort,  bar- 
racks, and  a  hospital. 

Bae<;a,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Baeza. 

Baelegem,  b<\'l§h-H8m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2700. 

Baelen,  ba,'l§n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Antwerp,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Turnhout,  on  the  Great  Nethe.     Pop.  3425, 

Baelen,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Liege,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Verviers,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  2780. 

Baena,  bi-i'ni,  or  Yaena,  vi-i'ni  (anc.  Caa'tra 
Vinta'na  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  24  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Cordova,  on  the  Marbella.     Pop.  11,607. 

Baependi,  b&-&-pdn'dee,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  180  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Baerum,  bi'room,  a  village  of  Norway,  7  miles  W.  of 
Christiania,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  has  iron-forges. 

Baesrode,  bls-ro'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Dendermonde.     Pop.  2910. 

Baeterrse,  the  ancient  name  of  B^ziers. 

Bietis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Guadalquivir. 

Baeza,  or  Bae^a,  bi-i'thi  (anc.  Bea'tia),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  22  miles  E.N  E.  of  Jaen,  has  numer- 


ous churches,  monasteries,  Ac.  Its  principal  edifices  are  th« 
cathedral,  now  united  to  that  of  Jaen,  the  university,  and 
the  old  monastery  of  St.  Philip  de  Neri.  Baeza  is  the  seal 
of  several  courts,  and  possesses  a  seminary  in  which  both 
theology  and  philosophy  are  taught,  an  economical  society, 
and  several  endowed  schools.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  cloth,  leather,  and  soap.  The  sculptor  Gaspar  Becerra 
was  bom  here  in  1520.     Pop.  13,203. 

Baeza,  bi-i's4,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador, 
90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quito,  on  the  Coca  River.  The  popula- 
tion has  been  stated  at  600,  but  the  town  is  said  by  Orton 
to  consist  of  only  two  small  houses. 

Ba  Faleme,  a  river  of  Senegambia.    See  Falem^. 

Bafia,  bif'fi  (anc.  Pa'phos,  of  which  the  modern  name 
is  a  corruption),  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Cyprus,  56 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Nicosia.  It  is  defended  by  a  small  citadel ; 
the  port  is  accessible  only  for  small  boats.  It  is  a  Greek 
bishop's  see.  Baffa  was  an  important  place  under  the  Vene- 
tian rule,  and  occupies  the  site  of  the  Nova  Pciphits  of  the 
ancients.     Pop.  1000. 

Bafia,  a  harbor  of  Guinea.     See  Bassa. 

Baffin  Land,  a  great  island  of  British  North  Amer- 
ica, bounded  E.  by  Baffin's  Bay,  and  W.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Boothia,  Fox  Channel,  and  Hudson's  Strait.  It  is  crossed 
by  the  Arctic  Circle. 

Baffin's  Bay,  a  large  gulf  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
America,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Greenland.  It  commu- 
nicates with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  Davis  Strait,  and  with 
the  Arctic  Ocean  by  Lancaster  Sound  and  Smith's  Sound. 
It  is  about  850  miles  long,  and  extends  northward  as  far  aa 
77°  30'  N.  latitude.  The  greatest  width  is  nearly  400  miles. 
It  is  said  to  be  6500  feet  deep  in  some  places.  The  shores 
are  rocky  and  precipitous  and  overlooked  by  high  moun- 
tains. This  bay  was  named  in  honor  of  William  Baffin,  who 
first  explored  it  in  1616.  Black  whales,  seals,  and  polar 
bears  abound  in  its  waters  and  on  its  coasts.  Dr.  Kane  de- 
scribes the  great  pack  of  icebergs  that  occupies  the  middle 
of  this  bay.  There  were  250  icebergs  of  the  first  magnitude 
(mostly  over  250  feet  high)  visible  at  one  time. 

Baffin's  Island,  a  small  island  in  Fox's  Channel,  N. 
branch  of  Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  65°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  29'  W. 

Baffin's  Islands,  three  small  islands  on  the  E.  shore 
of  Baffin's  Bay.     Lat.  74°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  W. 

Ba-Fing,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  the  principal 
head-stream  of  the  Senegal. 

Bafib,  bif'fo,  a  town  of  the  Mahee  country,  Dahomey, 
Western  Africa,  at  the  foot  of  one  of  the  Kong  Mountains. 

Baflo,  b8,f-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Groningen,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Appingedam.     Pop.  2366. 

Bafra,  bi'fri,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, pashalio  of  Seevas, 
on  the  Kizil-Irmak,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Sinope.     Pop.  2000. 

Bagacuni,  the  ancient  name  of  Bavat. 

Bagagen,  bi-gi-zhfiN"',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Goyaz,  joins  the  Maranhao  about  20  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  that  stream.     Length,  160  miles. 

Bagalen,  a  region  of  Java.    See  Baglen. 

Baganga,  bi-gS.ng'gi,  a  seaport  town  and  bay,  Malay 
Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mindanao. 

Bagaria,  b9,-g5.-ree'i,  or  Bagheria,  bi-gi-ree'i,  a 
town  of  Sicily,  7  miles  E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  10,651. 

Bagdad,  big-did'  or  bag'dad,  sometimes  written  Bag- 
dat,  a  celebrated  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  formerly  capita) 
of  the  Empire  of  the  Caliphs,  now  capital  of  the  pashalio  of 
the  same  name,  on  both  banks  of  the  Tigris,  190  miles  above 
its  junction  with  the  Euphrates.  Lat.  33°  19'  50"  N. ;  Ion. 
44°  22'  38"  E.  The  city  is  of  an  irregular,  oblong  form, 
and  about  3  miles  in  circuit,  and,  as  seen  from  a  distance, 
has  a  striking  appearance,  being  surrounded  by  formidable- 
looking  walls  of  brick,  strengthened  with  round  towers  and 
mounted  with  cannon.  A  forest  of  palm-  and  date-trees 
growing  around  and  within  the  city  adds  to  the  picturesque 
effect.  The  interior,  however,  disappoints  the  expectations 
which  a  distant  view  is  calculated  to  excite.  Bagdad  was 
for  many  ages  the  great  emporium  for  commerce  of  all  the 
surrounding  countries,  but  it  has  of  late  years  much  de- 
clined. The  chief  imports  are  cotton  twist,  calicoes,  shirt- 
ings, prints,  shawls,  woollen  cloths,  and  dyes.  The  returns 
are  specie,  Persian  tombak,  galls,  hides,  indigo,  pearls, 
cashmere  shawls,  coffee,  gums,  myrrh,  Ac.  Bagdad  has  few 
manufactures:  the  principal  are  red  and  yellow  leather, 
both  of  which  are  much  esteemed,  and  a  kind  of  plush,  of 
rich  and  beautiful  patterns,  which  is  used  by  the  Turks  for 
covering  cushions  and  sofas.  The  climate  of  Bagdad  is  in- 
tensely hot  in  summer,  but  on  the  whole  salubrious,  although 
subject  during  part  of  the  summer  to  a  hot  wind,  known  by 
the  name  oitamiel  or  simoom.  Rain  rarely  falls  later  than 
the  beginning  of  May  or  earlier  than  towards  the  end  of 


BAG 


568 


BAG 


September.  Two  striking  features  of  this  city  are  the  im- 
mense numbers  of  negro  slaves  and  white  donkeys  that 
throng  the  streets.  The  population,  which  once  exceeded 
100,000,  is  at  present  officially  placed  at  40,000.  The 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  and  the  houses  are  meanly 
built ;  but  some  fine  old  structures  remain,  comprising  the 
"  gate  of  the  talisman,"  the  tomb  of  Zobeide,  the  wife  of  the 
Caliph  Haroun-al-Rasohid,  and  the  tomb  of  a  Turkish  saint 
of  the  twelfth  century.  The  edifice  of  its  famous  college, 
founded  in  1233,  now  serves  for  a  caravansary  and  for  the 
custom-house.  A  citadel,  of  no  great  strength,  commands 
the  passage  of  the  Tigris.  There  are  about  100  mosques. 
The  bazaars  are  large,  and  abound  with  most  of  the  goods 
sold  in  European  markets.  This  city,  built  out  of  the  ruins 
of  Gtesiphon,  was  founded  by  Almanzor  in  763,  and  continued 
to  flourish  under  succeeding  caliphs,  until  sacked  by  Hoolt,- 
koo  in  1259.     It  has  been  held  by  the  Turks  since  1638. 

Bagdad)  big-did'  (anc.  Ghaldm'a,  Mesopota'mia),  a 
vilayet  or  province  forming  the  S.E.  portion  of  Asiatic 
Turkey.  Length  from  N.W.  to  S.E.;  630  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  about  450  miles.  The  Euphrates  and  Tigris  flow 
through  the  province,  and  unite  at  Korna.  The  country  E. 
of  the  Tigris  includes  Koordistan  and  Khoozistan ;  the  plains 
of  the  former  are  fertile,  producing  grain  and  fruit;  the 
latter,  possessing  a  good  soil  in  some  parts,  is  generally  a 
desert  waste;  it  is,  however,  famed  for  its  dates.  The 
country  to  the  W.  of  the  Euphrates  is  a  flat,  arid,  sandy 
desert,  destitute  of  herbage,  except  near  the  banks  of  the 
river,  which  are  very  fertile.     Pop.  about  2,000,000. 

Bag'dadj  a  post-village  of  Santa  Kosa  co.,  Fla.,  near 
Milton.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  banking4iouse, 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bagdad,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W,  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  250. 

Bagdad,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Alleghany  Junction. 

Bagdad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  about  56 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville,  has  a  store  and  a  church. 

Bagdad,  a  post- village  of  "Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  from  Round  Rock  Station.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
steam-mills,  3  stores,  and  a  masonic  institute. 

Bagdad,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Tamaulipas,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  near  its  mouth,  is  ill  built,  and  subject  to  overflow. 
It  was  a  prominent  seaport  in  1861-64,  and  the  seat  of  a 
large  blockade-running  trade  with  Texas. 

Bagdat,  big^dit',  or  Bagdadshik,  a  town  of  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kootais.     Pop.  1600. 

Bage,  bi'zhi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  SSo  Pedro 
do  Rio  Grande,  near  Piratinim,  on  the  S.  frontier  of  the 
state.     It  has  a  church  and  2000  inhabitants. 

Bag6-la-Ville,  bi^zhi'-li-veel',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Ain,  near  Bagg-le-Chatel.     Pop.  2142. 

Bag§-le-Chatel,  bi^zhi'-l^h-shaHfil',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ain,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  758. 

Bag'enbun  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford, 
at  the  entrance  of  Bannow  Bay. 

Bag'gettsville,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 

Bagh,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.    See  B'hag. 

Baghal,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bagul. 

Bagh^erat',  a  town  of  India,  in  Jessore,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Culna,  is  on  the  navigable  river  Bairab. 

Bagheria,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Bagaria. 

Baghirmi,  or  Bagirmi,  ba-gheer'me,  written  also 
Begharmehand  Baghermehjastate  of  Central  Africa. 
in  the  valley  of  the  Shari,  S.  of  Lake  Chad,  and  S.W.  of 
Borneo,  is  about  240  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  150 
miles  broad.  It  is  level  and  not  unfertile,  but  is  subject  to 
drought.  The  dominant  people  are  Mohammedan  negroes, 
of  a  warlike  race,  and  are  cruel  in  the  extreme,  while  the 
mass  of  the  people  are  degraded  heathens.  The  country 
pays  tribute  to  Bornoo  and  Waday.     Capital,  Masenia. 

Baghistan,  a  ruin  of  Persia.     See  Behistun. 

Bagh^ja'la,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal,  lat.  22°  47'  38" 
N.,  Ion.  88°  47'  16"  E.,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.    Pop.  9718. 

Baghput,  or  Bdghpat,  b&g^piit',  a  town  of  British 
India,  19  miles  N.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7887. 

Baghtschi- Serai.    See  Bakhchee-Sabai. 

Baghulcund,  India.    See  Rewah. 

Baglen,  or  Bagalen,  big'a-len,  a  fertile  Dutch  prov- 
ince of  Java,  near  its  centre,  bounded  S.  by  the  ocean. 
Area,  923  square  miles.     Pop.  865,470. 

Bag'ley,  a  post-town  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Perry.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bagley,  a  post-village  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  34 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Menominee. 


Bagley,  a  station  in  Otsego  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson, 
Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  117  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay 
City. 

Bagua,  bin'yi,  or  Bagni,  bin'yee,  a  town  of  Turkey 
in  Europe,  40  miles  W.  of  Philippopolis,  on  the  Maritza. 

Bagnacavailo,  bin'yi-ki-vil'Io,  a  town  of  Italy,  11 
miles  W.  of  Ravenna.     Pop.  S885. 

Bagnaja,  bin-yi'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Viterbo.     Pop.  2731. 

Bagna-IiOuka,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Banialooka. 

Bag'nalstown,  or  Bag'enalstOAvn,  a  town  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  and  10  miles  S.  of  Carlow,  on  the  Barrow.   P.  2161. 
Bagnan,  big^nin',  or  Baguan,  bigVin',  an  island 
oS"  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lat.  6°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  30'  E. 

Baguara,  bin-yi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  on  the  Gulf  of  Gioja,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Reggio.    Pop.  6229.   Good  wine  is  produced  in  the  vicinity. 

Bagnara,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ra- 
venna.    Pop.  1953. 

Bagnasco,  bin-yis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1500. 

Bagn6res-de-Bigorre,bin'yaiR'-d§h-bee'goE'(anc 
Vi'cua  Aquen'sis),  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-PyrSn^es, 
on  the  Adour,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarbes. 
Pop.  9470.  It  is  a  cheerful,  clean  town,  with  white  houses, 
shaded  promenades,  and  channels  of  clear  water  running 
through  its  streets.  It  has  excellent  hotels,  a  public  library, 
a  theatre,  a  concert-room,  a  college,  a  hospital,  a  fine  mu- 
seum, a  Protestant  church,  and  manufactures  of  wooUens, 
linens,  and  crape  called  ''barSges."  There  are  over  60 
quarries  of  colored  marble  here,  and  in  the  vicinity  are 
numerous  fine  drives.  There  are  many  bathing  establish- 
ments, the  springs  varying  in  temperature  from  72°  to  124° 
Fahr.  Its  waters  were  resorted  to  by  the  Romans,  and  are 
still  annually  visited  by  thousands  of  strangers. 

Bagn^res-de-Luchon,  b&n^yaiR'-dQh-Iii^sh&M<>'  (the 
A'quse  Convena'rum  of  the  Romans),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Garonne,  in  the  Pyrenees,  5  miles  from  the 
Spanish  frontier,  and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Qaudens.  Pop. 
3829.     It  has  celebrated  sulphurous  thermal  springs. 

Bagnes-Ie-Chable,  bin'-lfih-shib'l,  or  Chable, 
called  also  Bagnes,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Valais, 
on  the  Dranse,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Martigny.     Pop.  4254. 

Bagni,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Bagka. 

Bagni,  bin'yee,  the  name  of  several  villages  of  Italy, 
so  called  from  their  mineral  baths. 

Bagni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 
Pop.  5628. 

Bagni  della  Porretta,  bin'yee  dfil'li  poR-Rfit'ti,  a 
village  of  Italy,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Civita  Vecchia,  with  min- 
eral springs,  called  by  Pliny  the  A'quss  Tau'ri,  and  a  re- 
markable aqueduct  constructed  by  Trajan. 

Bagni  di  liucca,  bin'yee  dee  look'ki,  a  village  of 
Italy,  11  miles  N.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  of  commune,  9222. 

Bagni  di  Pisa,  bin'yee  dee  pee'zi,  a  village  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Pisa. 

Bagni  Morba,  bin'yee  moR'bi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sienna,  with  mineral  springs. 

Bagno,  bin'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence, 
65  miles  E.  of  Florence.    Pop.  7538. 

Bagno  a  Ripoli,  bin'yo  i  ree'po-lee,  a  suburb  of 
Florence,  Italy,  near  the  Arno,  and  about  2  miles  S.E.  of 
the  town.    It  has  many  fine  villas.     Pop.  13,080. 

Bagnoles,  bin^yol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Domfront.     It  has  hot  and  cold  springs. 

Bagnolet,  bin^yoUi',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Seine,  N.E.  of  Paris,  has  gypsum-quarries.     Pop.  2597. 

Bagnoli,  bin-yo'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  12^  miles  N.W. 
of  Campobasso.     Pop.  4210. 

Bagnoli,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  3409. 

Bagnolo,  bin-yo'lo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3489. 

Bagnolo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Saluzzo.  Pop.  6357.  Many  villages  of  Italy 
have  this  name. 

Bagnols,  bin^yol'  (anc.  Bal'nea),  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Gard,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Uzls.  Pop.  4876. 
It  nas  a  communal  college  and  hospital,  and  manufactures 
of  serges,  silk,  cordage,  Ac. 

Bagnols-les-Bains,  bin^yol'-li-biN"',  a  village  of 
France,  in  LozSre,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mende. 

Bagnone,  bin-yo'ni,  a  town  and  commune  of  Italy, 
province  of  Massa  e  Carrara,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Pontremoli,  at 
the  S.  base  of  Mount  Orsajo.  It  contains  a  large  square,  a 
parish  church,  and  a  castle.     Pop.  5288. 

Bagnorea,  bin-yo-ri'4  (anc.  Bal'neum  Be'gis),  a  town 


BAG 


569 


BAH 


of  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Orvieto. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  3745. 

Bagolino,  bi-go-lee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Brescia.     It  has  iron-forges.    Pop.  3791. 

Bagoo,  a  town  of  Indo-China.     See  Pegu. 

Bagoolee,  Bagouly,  or  Bagooly.    See  Pactolus. 

Bagos,  bSh^gSsh',  or  Hadja-Bagos,  h5d'ySh-b6h^- 
gSsh',  a  toivn  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Debreczin.     Pop.  2100. 

Bagot,  bi^go',  a  county  in  the  southern  part  of  Quebec, 
intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  having  the 
Richelieu  River  for  its  W.  boundary.  Chief  town,  St.  Li- 
boire.     Area,  335  square  miles.     Pop.  19,491. 

Bagot's  Bluff^  the  west  point  of  the  island  of  Anti- 
costi.  Lat.  49°  52'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  22'  44"  W.  On  it  is  a 
light-house. 

Bagotville,  b&^go'veel',  or  St.  Alphonse  de  la 
Grande  Baie^  sS,Nt  irf6Nz'  d§h  IS.  gr6Nd  bi,  a  post- vil- 
lage in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  head  of  Ha  Ha  Bay, 
Saguenay  River,  10  miles  from  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  250. 

Bagradas,  a  river  of  North  Africa.     See  Mejerda. 

Bag'shot,  a  village  and  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of 
Surrey,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Windsor.     Pop.  2090. 

Bagnan,  a  Malay  island.     See  Bagnan. 

Baguer-Morvan,  bi*gaiR'-moKV5N»',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  2162. 

Baguer-Pican,  bi*gaiR'-pee^k5No',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine.    Pop.  1720. 

JBagul,  Baghul,  or  Bhdgal)  b&'gul,  a  small  state  of 
the  Punjab,  India,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Sutlej,  near  lat. 
31°  N.  and  Ion.  77°  E.  It  is  feudatory  to  the  British 
authority,  and  pays  tribute.     Pop.  22,305. 

Bagurd,  a  town  and  district  of  India.     See  Bograh. 

Bag' well,  a  post- village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour. 

Bahadra,  bi-h4'dr4,  a  town  of  Northwest  India,  120 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Bahadnrpoor,  b&-h&^dtir-poor',  a  town  of  India,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Baroda. 

Bahadnrpoor,  a  town  of  India,  133  miles  S.  of 
Gwalior. 

Baha'la,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  Jackson  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  about 
50  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  and  doors. 
Pop.  about  450. 

Bahala  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  enters  Pearl  River  in 
Lawrence  co. 

Bahama  (ba-ha'ma)  Banks,  two  great  areas  of  shoal 
water  among  the  Bahama  Islands.  Great  Bahama  Bank  has 
the  Florida  Straits  and  Santarem  Passage  on  the  W.,  Exuma 
Sound  on  the  E.,  and  Bahama  Channel  on  the  S.,  and  is  di- 
vided into  two  unequal  parts  by  the  Gulf  of  Providence, 
which  enters  it  from  the  N.  Most  of  the  large  islands  of  the 
group  are  upon  it.  Little  Bahama  Bank  is  N.  of  the  former, 
contains  Abaco  and  Great  Bahama  Islands,  and  is  divided 
from  the  larger  bank  by  the  Providence  Channels. 

Bahama  Channel,  or  The  Gulf  of  Florida,  the 
narrow  sea  between  the  Florida  coast  and  the  Bahama  Islands, 
nearly  40  miles  long,  and  about  45  wide.  The  currents  here 
are  strong,  running  at  a  rate  of  from  2  to  5  miles  an  hour. 

Bahama  Islands,  or  Lncayos,  loo-ki'ooe,  a  group 
of  about  700  islands  or  rooky  islets,  belonging  to  Great 
Britain,  lying  N.E.  of  Cuba,  and  B.  of  the  coast  of  Florida, 
the  Gulf  Stream  passing  between  them  and  the  mainland. 
They  extend  from  the  Grand  Bahama  or  Mantanilla  Cays, 
in  lat.  27°  31'  N.  and  Ion.  79°  5'  W.,  to  the  Mouohoir  Bank, 
in  lat.  21°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  32'  W.,  a  distance  of  upwards 
of  600  miles.  Generally  speaking,  they  present  a  flat  ap- 
pearance, are  mostly  long  and  narrow,  and  are  formed  of 
calcareous  rock.  Of  the  whole  group,  not  more  than  25  are 
inhabited,  and  some  of  the  largest  are  but  thinly  peopled ; 
while  others,  again,  are  mostly  unexplored.  Though  the 
ejil  is  thin  and  streams  almost  unknown,  the  islands  gener- 
ally produce  oranges,  limes,  lemons,  esculent  vegetables, 
maize,  cotton,  Ac.  The  chief  exports  are  cabinet-woods, 
sponges,  fruit,  shells,  salt,  casoarilla  bark,  arrow-root,  Ac. 
The  climate  is  generally  fine;  but  hurricanes  and  long 
droughts  occur.  The  general  wild  vegetation  of  the  Ba- 
hamas is  a  close  growth  of  trees,  comprising  the  madeira, 
horse-flesh  mahogany,  oroton,  lignum-vitae,  pigeon,  alum, 
dyewoods,  Ac,  with  an  entangled  underbrush.  In  the 
more  southern  islands  there  are  natural  salt-ponds  of  great 
value,  the  cultivation  of  which  is  increasing,  but  is  capable 
of  much  further  improvement. 

The  seat  of  government  is  Nassau,  island  of  New  Provi- 
37 


dence,  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  group.  Here,  also^ 
are  the  headquarters  of  the  troops.  The  legislature  con- 
sists of  a  governor  and  council  appointed  by  the  crown,  and 
a  house  of  assembly.  Education  is  under  the  management 
of  a  Board  of  Education.  The  present  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  the  descendants  of  American  tories,  great  numbers 
of  whom  repaired  to  these  islands,  with  the  remains  of  their 
property,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  There  are 
also  many  blacks.     Many  of  the  people  are  wreckers. 

One  of  these  islands  was  the  first  land  discovered  by  Co- 
lumbus on  his  first  voyage  in  1492,  and  named  by  him  San 
Salvador,  but  whether  that  San  Salvador  was  the  present 
Cat  Island  or  Watling  Island  has  been  a  matter  of  dispute : 
at  present  the  last-named  is  generally  conceded  to  be  the 
original  San  Salvador.  At  that  period  the  larger  Bahamas 
were  peopled  by  an  inofi"ensive  race  of  Indians,  whom  the 
Spaniards  removed  to  work  in  mines  or  act  as  divers  in 
the  pearl-fisheries.  By  this  treatment  the  race  became  ex- 
tinct in  the  course  of  about  fourteen  years.  The  Bahamas 
then  remained  uninhabited  for  nearly  a  century  and  a  half, 
when  they  were  colonized  by  the  English  in  1629,  who  were 
in  turn  expelled  by  the  Spaniards.  The  islands  subse- 
quently changed  masters  repeatedly,  but  were  finally  ceded 
to  the  British  in  1783.  The  principal  islands  are  Grand 
Bahama,  Great  and  Little  Abaco,  Andros  Island,  New 
Providence,  Eleuthera,  Cat  Island,  Great  Exuma,  Rum 
Cay,  Watling  Island,  Long  Island,  Crooked  Island,  Acklin 
Island,  Atwood's  Key,  Mariguana,  Great  and  Little  Inagua, 
Ac.     The  population  in  1881  was  43,621;  in  1891,  47,665. 

Bahar,  Behar,  or  Beyhar,  ba-har',  written  also 
Vihar,  an  old  division  of  India,  now  a  province  of  Bengal. 
It  is  divided  into  ten  districts,  which  are  grouped  in  the 
divisions  of  Patna  and  Boglipoor.  Area,  42,417  square 
miles.  Pop.  24,284,370.  The  province  is  traversed  by  the 
Ganges  and  other  great  streams,  and  by  several  railways. 
Bahar  was  in  remote  antiquity  the  cradle  of  Booddhism,  and 
is  therefore  regarded  as  a  holy  land  by  many  peoples. 

Bahar,  or  Behar  (Sans.  Vihar,  a  "monastery"),  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Patna  district,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Patna,  has 
a  great  inn  for  Mohammedan  pilgrims,  and  was  once  a  large 
city,  but  has  greatly  declined.     Pop.  44,295. 

Bahari,  b3,'Ha-ree\  El  Bahari,  or  Lower  Egypt, 
the  northernmost  of  the  three  divisions  of  Egypt  proper,  in- 
cluding the  Nile  delta.  It  is  divided  into  seven  prefectures, 
and  in  1872  the  population  was  returned  as  2,642,016. 

Bahawalpoor,  Hindostan.    See  Bhawlpoor. 

Bah^doorgurh',  or  Bah^adurgarh',  a  petty  native 
state  of  India,  20  miles  W.  of  Delhi.  Area,  48  square  miles. 
Pop.  14,982. 

Bahia,  bi-ee'l,  or  Sfto  Salvador,  sSwu"  sM-vft-doR', 
a  city  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  the 
same  name,  beautifully  situated  in  an  elevated  position  on 
the  strip  of  land  forming  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  All- 
Saints  Bay,  immediately  within  Cape  San  Antonio,  on  which 
is  a  revolving  light  140  feet  above  sea-level;  in  lat.  13°  0' 
42"  S.,  Ion.  38°  31'  42"  W.  It  is  800  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  and  the  seat  of  the  only  archbishop  in  the  empire. 
It  is  the  terminus  of  important  railway  and  telegraph 
systems.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  the  upper  {alia)  and 
lower  {baixa),  connected  by  a  hydraulic  elevator  for  pas- 
sengers. There  are  railways  in  the  principal  streets.  The 
buildings  (of  stone)  are  high,  and,  though  old,  have  a 
cheerful  exterior.  The  upper  town  stands  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  several  hundred  feet  above  the  lower  town,  and 
the  streets  connecting  the  two  parts  are  consequently  very 
steep.  This  is  the  larger,  finer,  and  more  populous  part  of 
the  city.  Here  the  wealthier  classes  dwell,  and  here  are 
situated  the  most  important  public  buildings.  The  general 
aspect  of  the  upper  city  is  antique.  On  one  of  the  most 
commanding  heights  is  situated  the  finely  wooded  promen- 
ade, from  which  a  magnificent  view  can  be  obtained;  it 
overlooks  likewise  the  city  and  bay,  towards  which  latter 
it  is  bordered  by  a  steep  precipice. 

Bahia  exceeds  every  other  city  in  the  republic  in  the 
number  of  its  churches,  monasteries,  and  convents.  It 
is  abundantly  provided  with  public  buildings.  The  more 
important  are  the  governor's   palace;    the  arohiepiscopal 

Ealace,  communicating  with  the  cathedral ;  the  mint,  court- 
ouse,  a  public  and  a  military  hospital,  an  orphan  seminary, 
a  theatre,  a  granary,  a  public  library,  a  surgical  school, 
custom-house,  arsenal,  and  various  public  warehouses. 

The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in  America,  and  is  suitable 
for  vessels  of  any  size.  The  commerce  of  Bahia  consists 
chiefly  in  the  export  of  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  rum,  hides, 
rosewood,  coSee,  cacao,  and  tapioca. 

Bahia  de  Todos  os  Santos,  or  All-Saints  Bay,  was  dis- 
covered in  1503  by  Americas  Vespuoius.     In  1610,  Diego 


BAH 


570 


BAl 


Alrares  Corrfia  began  a  settlement,  which  he  named  Sao 
Salvador,  subsequently  recognized  by  the  Portuguese  gov- 
ernment as  the  capital  of  Brazil  and  residence  of  the  gov- 
ernor-general, the  first  one,  Thomaz  de  Souza,  landing  in 
1549.  It  continued  to  be  the  capital  till  1763,  when  the 
viceroyalty  was  transferred  to  Rio  Janeiro.  The  first  print- 
ing-press was  established  in  1811,  and  the  first  sugar-mill 
was  introduced  from  England  in  1815.  The  whale-fisheries 
of  this  city  were  once  the  greatest  in  the  world,  and  consid- 
erable numbers  of  whales  are  still  caught  in  the  neighboring 
seas.     Pop.  in  1872,  128,929;  in  1890  (estimated),  162,065. 

Bahia,  bi-ee'i,  a  maritime  state  of  Brazil,  bounded 
W.  and  N.  by  Pernambuco,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  Rio  Sao  Francisco.  It  is  comprehended  between  lat.  9° 
20'  and  16°  35'  S.,  and  Ion.  37°  20'  and  44°  50'  W. ;  esti- 
mated area,  204,803  square  miles.  The  province  is  trav- 
ersed from  S.  to  N.  by  a  mountain-range,  under  various 
names.  Almas,  Chapada,  &c.,  at  a  distance  of  rather  more 
than  200  miles  from  the  sea,  forming  the  watershed  be- 
tween the  rivers  that  flow  B.  to  the  Atlantic  and  those  that 
flow  W.  to  the  Rio  Sao  Francisco.  Numerous  ofi'sets  of  this 
jhain  traverse  the  province.  The  principal  agricultural 
products  are  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  coffee,  mandioca,  rice, 
beans,  and  maize.  Among  its  products  are  Brazil-wood, 
cedar,  elemi,  copal,  and  ipecacuanha,  also  oranges,  mangoes, 
and  many  other  fruits.    Pop.  in  1888  (estimated),  1,821,089. 

Bahia  Blanca,  b&-ee'&  blin'k&,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, on  the  E.  coast  of  South  America,  lat.  39°  S. 

Bahia  de  Todos  os  Santos.    See  All-Saikts  Bay. 

Bahia  Honda^  bi-ee'i  6n'd&  {i.e.,  "deep  bay"),  a 
harbor  of  Cuba,  N.  coast,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Havana. 

Bahlingen,  or  Baiingen,  b&'ling-^n,  a  town  of 
Wlirtemberg,  on  the  Eisach,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart. 
It  has  some  manufactures  and  trade.     Pop.  3212. 

Bahlingen,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Treisam,  N.W. 
of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2314. 

BahU)  bin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  on  the  Thue, 
23  miles  S.  o"f  Stettin.     Pop.  3043. 

Bahnasa,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Behneseh. 

Bahr,  b&H'r,  the  Arabic  name  for  a  sea,  lake,  or  river. 

Bahrein,  b&h-rine',  Manama,  m3,-n&'m&,  or  Aval 
Island  (anc.  Ty'loa  or  Ty'roa),\n  the  Persian  Gulf,  is  sur- 
rounded by  small  islands  and  by  shoals,  in  a  bay  near  the 
coast  of  Arabia,  200  miles  S.  of  Bushire.  The  capital, 
Manama,  is  in  lat.  26°  14'  N.,  Ion.  60°  36'  30"  E.  Pop. 
with  the  island  of  Maharay,  68,000  (Mohammedans). 
Bahrein  Island,  27  miles  long  and  lip  miles  broad,  is  hilly 
in  the  centre,  and  only  half  of  it  is  cultivated ;  but  it  pro- 
duces abundance  of  dates  and  other  fruits,  and  a  small  quan- 
tity of  wheat,  barley,  and  clover.  The  other  chief  islands  are 
Arad,  Maharay,  and  Tamahoy.  The  pearl-fishery  here  em- 
ploys during  the  season  a  large  number  of  boats.  Principal 
exports,  pearls,  dates,  tortoise-shell,  sharks'  fins,  mats,  can- 
vas, and  colored  cloths,  sent  to  Persia,  Arabia,  India,  and 
other  countries,  in  return  for  rice,  pepper,  timber,  iron, 
spices,  coffee,  dried  fruits,  and  com.  Some  Bahrein  ships, 
of  from  140  to  350  tons  each,  are  employed  in  the  India 
trade.     The  ruler  owes  allegiance  to  Turkey. 

Bahr-eNAbiad,  ba,H'r-el-4'be-id  ("white  river"), 
the  Arabic  name  of  the  White  Nile,  which  is  the  main 
branch  of  the  Nile.  It  issues  from  Lakes  Victoria  Nyanza 
and  Albert  Nyanza,  which  are  under  the  equator,  but  its 
highest  sources  have  not  been  explored.  Its  general  direc- 
tion is  northward.  After  a  course  of  about  1800  miles  it 
unites  with  the  Blue  Nile  at  Khartoom,  at  lat.  15°  37'  N. 
It  is  a  sluggish  stream,  and  traverses  extensive  plains  partly 
covered  with  dense  forests  which  are  tenanted  by  the  lion, 
elephant,  hippopotamus,  buffalo,  rhinoceros,  crocodile,  and 
many  other  animals.  Above  the  mouth  of  the  Sobat  it 
passes  through  interminable  marshes  overgrown  with  tall 
reeds,  where  no  current  is  perceptible  except  during  floods. 
Among  the  forest  trees  that  abound  in  the  basin  of  this 
river  are  the  acacia,  baobab,  butter-tree,  mimosa,  palm,  and 
tamarix.  Steamboats  have  ascended  the  "White  Nile  from 
Khartoom  to  Gondokoro,  about  1300  miles.  At  some  places 
the  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rafts  and  floating  islands, 
large  numbers  of  which  are  passing  down  the  stream.  "  The 
White  Nile,"  says  Sir  Samuel  Baker,  "is  a  grand  river  be- 
tween the  Sobat  junction  and  Khartoom,  and  after  passing 
to  the  S.  of  the  great  aflBuent  the  difference  in  the  character 
is  quickly  perceived.  We  now  enter  upon  the  region  of 
immense  flats  and  boundless  marshes  through  which  th^ 
river  winds  in  a  labyrinth-like  course  for  about  750  miles/w 
Gondokoro."  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Sobat,  co^sring 
from  the  E.,  and  the  Bahr-el-Ghazal,  which  enters  it  from 
the  W.  near  lat.  9°  N.  ,/ 

Bahr- el -As  wad,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  4'*bara. 


J   I 


Bahr-eNAzrek,  biH'r-el-iz'rek  ("blue  river"),  or 
Blue  Nile,  a  river  of  Africa,  rises  in  Abyssinia,  near  Lakb 
Dembea  (through  which  it  flows),  at  an  elevation  of  about 
9000  feet.  It  runs  southeastward,  turns  to  the  right,  and 
describes  a  large  semicircle  in  the  highlands  of  Abyssinia. 
Its  general  direction  is  northwestward.  It  intersects  Sen- 
naar,  and  unites  with  the  Bahr-el-Abiad  at  Khartoom,  lat. 
15°  37'  N.  Length,  about  900  miles.  It  is  an  impetuou* 
stream,  and  carries  a  large  volume  of  water  supplied  by 
periodical  rains.  It  is  navigable  nearly  600  miles  during 
high  water.  Its  ordinary  width  varies  from  500  to  1000 
yards.  The  fertility  of  Lower  Egypt  is  mainly  due  to  the 
mud  or  sediment  carried  down  by  the  Blue  Nile  and  the 
Atbara. 

Bahr-el>Hoo'leh  (or  -Huleh),  called  in  Scripture 
"  the  waters  of  Merom,"  a  lake  of  Palestine,  traversed  by 
the  Jordan,  is  11  miles  N.  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  and  about 
800  feet  higher  in  level.  It  is  4  miles  long,  3^  broad,  trian- 
gular in  outline,  and  in  part  overgrown  with  papyrus. 

Bahr-el-Meij,  bin'r-el-miRJ  (i.e.,  "lake  of  the  mea- 
dow"), called  also  Lake  of  Damascus,  a  marshy  lake 
of  Syria,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Damascus.  It  receives  the 
Barrada  River,  but  has  no  outlet. 

Bahrenburg,  b8,'r§n-b56RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Hoya,  on  the  Aue.     Pop.  567. 

Bahr-Loot,  an  Arabic  name  for  the  Dead  Sea. 

Bahr-Nil,  the  Arabic  for  the  Nile. 

Bahror,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Alvar  state.   Pop.  5213. 

Bahr- Tieb,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Debo. 

Bahr- Yoosnf  ("  Joseph's  River"),  a  stream  or  canal  in 
Egypt,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nile,  and  parallel  to  that  river. 
The  stream  proper  is  navigable  at  high  water.  It  leaves 
the  Nile  near  Mellawee,  and  is  150  miles  long;  but  some 
writers  apply  the  name  to  the  whole  old  system  of  western 
overflow-channels  of  the  Nile,  having  a  total  length  of  some 
350  miles.  The  Bahr-Yoosuf  is  by  some  considered  a  nat- 
ural channel. 

Bai,  bi,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  on  the  Moossoor 
(Mousser  ?),  115  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aksoo.     Pop.  about  2600. 

Baise,  the  ancient  name  of  Baja  and  Baias. 

Baiano,  bi-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  20  miles  E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  2722. 

Baias,  Bayass,  Byass,  br&ss',  or  Payas,  pi^&s' 
(anc.  Bai'm),  a  small  town  of  N.  Syria,  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Aleppo,  on  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  North  of  it  are  ruins 
of  the  ancient  town  Issus ;  and  between  it  and  Iskanderoon, 
14  miles  southward,  was  fought  the  second  famous  battle  in 
which  Darius  was  defeated  by  Alexander  the  Great. 

Baiboot,  Baibout,  Baibnt,  bi^boot',  or  Bai- 
boort,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Erzroom.     Pop.  3000. 

Baidyabatty,  or  Baidyabati,  bid-y&-b&'tee,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  India,  on  the  Hoogly,  opposite  Barrackpoor,  and 
17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  dispensary,  a 
great  trade  in  jute  and  country  produce,  and  manufactures 
of  ropes.     Pop.  13,332. 

Baie  dn  Febvre,  Quebec.    See  La  Baie. 

Baiern,  the  German  name  of  Bat  aria. 

Baiersbronn,  bi'§rs-bronn\  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2000. 

Baiersdorf,  bi'^rs-doRr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Regnitz,  4  miles  N.  of  Erlangen.     Pop.  1546. 

Baie  Verte,  bi  vfiRt,  a  port  of  entry  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  20  miles  from  Sackville.  Pop.  200. 
The  bay  of  this  name  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  isthmus  con- 
necting Nova  Scotia  with  the  mainland.  It  is  intended  to 
connect  it  with  the  Bay  of  Fundy  by  a  ship-canal  11  miles 
long. 

Baignes  -  Sainte  -  Radegonde,  b4N"^-s&Nt^-r&^- 
deh^gdwd',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Charente,  8 
mHes  S.W.  of  Barbezieux.     Pop.  2266. 

Baihar,  bi^har',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  5  miles 
S.  of  Mymunsingh.     Pop.  3206. 

Baikal  (bl'kil)  liake,  or  Holy  Sea,  the  largest  lake 
of  Asia  (exclusive  of  the  Caspian  and  Aral  Seas),  in  Siberia, 
between  lat.  51°  20'  and  55°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  103°  and 
110°  E.  It  is  a  crescent-shaped  expansion  of  the  Angara. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  397  miles ;  average  breadth,  45 
miles ;  area,  12,500  square  miles ;  height  above  the  sea, 
yl360  feet.  Its  depth  in  the  centre  exceeds  1800  feet.  Its 
baain  is  enclosed  by  the  Baikal  Mountains  (a  spur  of  the 
Altai  system),  which  often  rise  up  precipitously  from  the 
shore.  Volcanic  agency  is  active  throughout  the  su-rround- 
ing  country.  Scarcely  a  year  elapses  without  an  earthquake* 
The  lake  receives  numerous  affluents,  the  principal  of  whioU 
are  the  Upper  Angara,  Bargoozeen,  and  Selenga  Rivers, 
and  gives  origin  to  the  Lower  Angara,  a  chief  tributary  o*" 


BAI 


571 


SAI 


the  Yenisei.  It  contains  several  islands,  that  of  Olkhon^ 
near  the  N.  coast,  being  30  miles  in  length.  Lower  Baikal 
forms  a  part  of  the  great  commercial  line  of  communication 
between  China  and  Russia,  and  trade  is  much  facilitated  by 
steamboats.  Its  two  ports  are  Posolskaya  and  Listwinisch- 
naya,  the  latter  being  an  excellent  harbor.  The  surface  is 
frozen  from  November  to  April.  Its  seal-,  herring-,  and 
■turgeon-fisheries  are  valuable,  and  the  golomynka  ( Callio- 
nymus  Baicalensia),  a  species  of  fish,  yields  a  great  amount 
of  oil. Adj.  Baikalean  or  Baikalian,  bl-kal'e-an. 

Baikuntapoor,  bl-kun^ta-poor',  Baikantpnr,  bl- 
kiint^poor',  or  Baikathpur,  bl-kut-poor',  a  town  of  the 
Patna  district,  India,  on  the  Ganges,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Patna.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  6088. 

Bailah,  Baila,  or  Bela,  ba'lS,  a  town  of  the  Central 
Provinces,  India,  on  the  river  Wunna,  district  and  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  6092. 

BaiI'don,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  7  miles  N.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  4784. 

Bailen,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Baylen. 

Bailey,  ba'Ie,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 
bounded  W.  by  New  Mexico. 

Bailey,  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Case- 
novia  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  at  County  Line  Station,  24^  miles  N.  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  24  miles  E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  2 
hotels  and  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  250. 

Bailey,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  oh  the  Mem- 
phis &,  Charleston  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 

Bailey,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  in  a  rich 
cotton  section,  43  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sherman.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  200. 

Bailey's,  ba'liz,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lawrence. 

Bailey's,  a  station  in  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River  Branch  of  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Anoka. 

Bailey's,  Pennsylvania.    See  Baileysburg. 

Bailey's  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  23  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  250. 

Baileysburg,  ba'liz-burg,  or  Bailey's,  a  village  of 
Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Bailey's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Shanick. 

Bailey's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  from  Chamois  Railroad  Station. 

Bailey's  Harbor,  a  post-township  of  Door  co.,  Wis., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  about  65  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of 
Green  Bay.     It  has  1  church.     Pop.  398. 

Bailey's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  or 
near  the  Satilla  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Waynesville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bailey's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  105  miles  E.  of  Columbua.  Here 
i3  a  flour- mill. 

Bailey  Springs,  in  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  are  9  miles 
from  Florence  and  6  miles  from  the  foot  of  the  Muscle 
Shoals.  The  springs  afTord  somewhat  sulphurous  saline 
chalybeate  waters  of  high  reputation  in  the  cure  of  disease. 
The  hotel  accommodations  are  ample,  and  the  surrounding 
region  presents  attractive  scenery. 

Bailey  Station,  Mo.     See  Hanover. 

Bai'leysville,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bai'leytown,  a  station  in  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Bai'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  For- 
reston  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  of  Freeport.     It  has  2  chnrches  and  a  graded  school. 

Baileyville,  a  post- village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island  Division  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Seneca.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  patent  picket-fence  manufactory.     Pop.  200. 

Baileyville,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo.,  Me., 
on  the  St.  Croix  River,  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  377.  Baileyville  Station  is 
on  the  St.  Croix  &,  Penobscot  Railroad. 

Baileyville,  a  post-village  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
from  Calvert.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Bail  Hangal,  India.    See  Bvr.  Hangal. 

Bailieborough,  b4'le-bur-uh,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Cavan.  Bailieborough  Castle  is  on 
the  site  of  the  ancient  castle  of  Tonregie.     Pop.  1280. 

Bailique,  an  island  of  South  America.     See  Baylique. 

Balneal,  b^^yuh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  near  the  Belgian  frontier,  at  the  junction  of  several 


railways,  9  miles  E.  of  Hazebronck.  It  is  well  bailt,  aad 
has  the  aspect  of  a  Flemish  town.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  cottons,  lace,  beet  sugar,  and  oil.     Pop.  12,828. 

Bailleul,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sarthe,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  La  FlSche.     Pop.  1050. 

Bail'lie  Settlement,  a  post-settlement  in  Charlotte 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  Andrews. 
Pop.  700. 

Baily  (bi'le)  Islands,  the  most  southerly  of  the 
Bonin  group,  in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  26°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  142°  E. 

Baimocz,  or  BtOmocz,  bi^mots',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  840.     It  has  warm  baths. 

Bain,  biijo,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  lUe-et- 
Vilaine,  18  miles  S.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  4266. 

Bain,  a  mountain-range  of  Asia.    See  Bayan. 

Bain'bridge,  a  city,  capital  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Flint  River,  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf 
Railroad  (main  line),  236  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Bainbridge,  a  township,  Schuyler  co..  111.    Pop.  1200. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co..  111.,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Carbondale.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Bainbridge,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  (in- 
cluding Jasper),  2385. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of 
Lafayette.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill, 
a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Bainbridge,  a  pos*-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
about  100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  6  miles  from  Ben- 
ton Harbor.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1418. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.,  about 
28  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harlan  co..  Neb.,  on 
Turkey  Creek,  39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  in  Bainbridge  township,  and  on  the 
Albany  &,  Susquehanna  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton,  and  108  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  some 
iron-works.     Pop.  681 ;  of  the  township,  1931. 

Bainbridge,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  cheese-factories.  Pop.  660,  Bissell's  Post- 
Office  is  in  this  township. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  Paint 
Creek,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothe,  and  about  70  miles 
E.  by  N.  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  high  school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  647. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Conoy  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Co- 
lumbia Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Harrisburg,  and  91  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  762. 

Bain'chee,  a  village  of  Bengal,  Hoogly  district,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Hoogly.     It  has  brass-works.     Pop.  4538. 

Baindt,  bint,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Ravensburg,  with  a  castle,  formerly  an  abbey  of  the  Cis- 
tercians, founded  in  1238.     Pop.  643. 

Bains,  biN°  {i.e.,  the  "  batns"),  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Vosges,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Epinal.  It  la 
much  frequented  for  its  baths.     Pop.  2348. 

Bains,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Pyr6n6es- 
Orientales,  4  miles  S.W.  of  C6ret.     Pop.  1800. 

Bains,  or  Bain,  b&iso,  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ille-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  2700. 

Bains  de  Rennes,  b&N»  d^h  rdnn,  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Aude,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Limoux.     Pop.  315. 

Bains-du-Mont-d'Or,  b&N»^-dU^-m6N»^-doR',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  Puy-de-D8me,  20  miles  W.  of  Issoireii 
Pop.  1193. 

Baiocasses,  an  ancient  name  of  Bayeux. 

Bair,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover  &,  York 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Bairamitsh,  bi-r&-mitch'  or  bl-r&-meetch',  a  town  ot 
Asia  Minor,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Adramyti. 

Baird,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Callahan 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of 
Abilene.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  fine 
public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1000. 

Baird's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  from  Lebanon.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Bairds'tonrn,  a  post-village  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga., 
about  30  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  ohureh. 


BAT 


572 


BAK 


Bairdstown,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Bloom 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  B, 
of  Defiance.     It  has  2  churches,  Iplaning-mill,  Ac. 

Bairdstown,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Derry  township,  on  the  Conemaugh  River,  J  of  a  mile  from 
Blairsville.     Pop.  about  250. 

Bairea,  a  town  of  India.    See  Byria. 

Bairenth,  bl'ruth  (Ger.  pron.  bi'roit),  a  city  of  Bava- 
ria, capital  of  Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Red  Main,  126  miles 
N.  of  Munich.  Lat.  49°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  38'  E.  It  is  an 
important  railway  junction,  is  well  built,  and  has  public 
fountains  and  promenades,  a  palace,  opera-house,  riding- 
school,  theatre,  a  Protestant  consistory,  gymnasia,  gram- 
mar and  diocesan  schools,  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
woollen  cloths,  tobacco  and  pipes,  parchment,  leather,  and 
porcelain.  Baireuth  was  formerly  the  capital  of  a  mar- 
graviate.  In  the  neighborhood  are  the  palaces  Fantaisie 
and  Hermitage.  The  first  is  surrounded  by  gardens,  which 
are  a  favorite  resort  of  the  inhabitants.  In  the  last  is 
shown  the  apartment  of  Frederick  the  Great,  and  here  his 
sister,  the  margravine,  wrote  her  memoirs.  In  a  cemetery 
at  the  entrance  of  the  town  is  a  monument  erected  to  Jean 
Paul  Friedrich  Richter,  who  died  here  in  1825.  Baireuth 
has  of  late  been  conspicuous  as  the  place  of  Wagner's  musi- 
cal festivals.     Pop.  in  1890,  24,364. 

Bairont,  or  Bairnt,  Syria.    See  Beyroot. 

Bairro,  bi'Ro,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  SSo  Paulo, 
4  miles  N.  of  Sao  Sebastiao.  It  has  a  convent  of  Fran- 
ciscans, and  the  inhabitants,  all  Indians,  are  fishermen. 

Bairro  das  Silveiras,  bi'Ro  d&s  seel-v&'e-r&s,  a  vil- 
lage of  Brazil,  on  the  N.E.  frontiers  of  the  state  of  Sao 
Paulo,  near  the  town  of  Lorena.     Pop.  2000. 

Bais,  b^,  a  village  of  France,  on  an  afSuent  of  the  Ma- 
yenne,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mayenne..    Pop.  2136. 

Bais,  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  3017. 

Baise,  or  Bayze,  b4ze  or  bSz,  a  river  of  France,  flows 
N.  through  the  departments  of  Hautes-PyrgnSes,  Gers,  and 
Haute-Garonne,  and  joins  the  Garonne  near  Aiguillon. 
Length,  145  miles.  The  towns  of  Mirande,  Valence,  Con- 
dom, and  N6rac  are  on  its  banks. 

Baisienx,  b&^ze-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lannoy.     Pop.  2020. 

Baiso,  bl'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  20  miles  S.  of 
Reggio.     Pop.  3403. 

Baisy-Thy,  bi^zee^-tee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 1 5  miles  S.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2340. 

Bait'ing  Hol'low,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Riverhead  township,  6  miles  from  Riverhead.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Baitool,  or  Betul,  bi^tool',  a  district  of  the  Central 
Provinces,  British  India,  in  a  hill  country,  with  great  forests  ; 
about  lat.  21°  20'-22°  35'  N.,  Ion.  77°  20'-78°  35'  E.  Cap- 
ital, Budnoor.     Area,  4118  square  miles.    Pop.  284,055. 

Baitool,  or  Betnl,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  above  dis- 
trict, 112  miles  N.W.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  4466. 

Baix,  hkx  or  hi,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Ardeche,  7  miles  E.  of  Privaa.     Pop.  1224. 

Baixas,  bSx^is',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pyr6- 
n6es-0rientales,  6  miles  N.  of  Perpignan.     Pop.  2621. 

Baja,  b5h'y6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  B£cs,  on  the 
Danube,  90  miles  S.  of  Pesth.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  Roman 
Catholic  and  Greek  churches,  a  synagogue,  diocesan  school, 
castle,  and  a  large  market  for  hogs.     Pop.  18,110. 

Baja,  bi'yi,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  on  the  Moldava,  65 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Yassy. 

Baja,  bi'yi  (L.  Bai'se),  an  ancient  city  of  Italy,  10 
miles  W.  of  Naples,  on  the  Bay  of  Baja.  Pop.  800.  Baise 
■was  a  principal  port  and  favorite  watering-place  of  the 
ancient  Romans. 

Baja  California,  the  Spanish  for  Lower  California. 

Bajada  de  Santa  F6,  bi-Hl'THa  disin'ti  fi,  or  Pa- 
rand,  pi-rS,-ni',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  capital 
of  Entre  Rios,  on  the  Rio  Parang,  nearly  opposite  Santa 
F6,  and  240  miles  above  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  6000. 

Baja  de  Rama,  hk'jk  di  ri'mi,  a  town  of  Wallachia, 
68  miles  N.W.  of  Krajova. 

Bajanr,  or  Bajour,  bi'jawr',  a  district  of  Afghanis- 
tan, in  lat.  35°  N.  and  between  Ion.  71°  and  72°  E.,  sepa- 
rated from  the  Hindoo-Koosh  range  on  the  N.  by  Kafiris- 
tan  and  Chitral.  Estimated  area,  370  square  miles.  Pop. 
120,000.  It  is  a  fertile  plain,  enclosed  by  mountains  cov- 
ered with  forests  and  yielding  iron  ore  of  good  quality. 

Bajanr,  or  Bajour,  a  town  and  capital  of  the  above, 
130  miles  N.E.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  30'  E. 
Pop.  5000. 

Bsyazid,  a  town  of  Armenia.    See  Bayazeed. 


Bajibo,  or  Beyiebo,  bi-jee'bo.  Old  and  New,  two 

towns  of  Western  Africa,  on  opposite  banks  of  the  Niger. 
Lat.  9°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  25'  E. 

Bajmocz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Baiuocz. 

B^mok,  or  Bajmak,  bdh'ee-mdk\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  B^cs,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Theresien- 
stadt.     Pop.  6446. 

Bajna,  b5h'ee-n5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  knd  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Gran.     Pop.  2010. 

Bakabanya,  bSh^k6h^b4n'y6h\  a  mining  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Hont,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Schemnitz.    Pop.  3207. 

Bakanair,  a  town  and  state  of  India.  See  Bickaxeer. 

Bakau,  or  Bacau,  b&'kow',  written  also  Bakova 
and  Bakoo,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  on  a  rail- 
way, 50  miles  W.S.W,  of  Yassy.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  mon- 
astery, a  promenade,  and  some  fine  houses.     Pop.  13,118. 

Bakeer-  (or  Bakir-)  Chai,  bi'keer'chi  (i.e.,  "cop- 
per river")  (anc.  Cai'cus),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  falling  into 
the  Gulf  of  Sandarlee,  in  lat.  38°  45'  N.,  Ion.  27°  E. 

Bakeer-Kooreh-See,  or  Bakir-Knreh-Si,  b&^- 
keer'-koo'r§h-8ee  (i.e.,  "  copper  district"),  a  small  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  near  the  Black  Sea,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sinope. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Sandracur' gium  of  Strabo. 

Ba^kel',  a  walled  town  of  Senegal,  with  a  large  stone 
fortress  and  a  French  garrison,  on  the  Senegal,  350  milea 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  is  an  important  mart.     Pop.  2495. 

Bake  Oven,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Ba'ker,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  638  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  St. 
Mary's  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level:  the  soil  is 
mostly  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  cultivated  here. 
The  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  <&  Mobile  Railroad  passes  along 
the  S.  border  of  the  county.  Capital,  Maclenny.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1326;  in  1880,  2303;  in  1890,  3333. 

Baker,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  365  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Flint  River,  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Newton.  Pop.  in  1870,  6843;  in  1880,  7303;  in 
1890,  6144. 

Baker,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Oregon,  bordering 
on  Idaho.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Snake  or  Lewis 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Malheur,  Powder,  and 
Owyhee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous  or  hilly,  the 
Blue  Mountains  forming  its  W.  boundary.  The  Burnt  and 
South  Fork  Rivers  rise  in  these  mountains  and  flow  through 
the  county  in  an  irregular  course,  both  finally  joining  the 
Powder  River  in  the  N.  The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  trav- 
erses the  county  from  N.  to  S.E.  This  county  has  exten- 
sive gold-mines,  mostly  of  the  placer  class.  Silver  is  also 
found  here.  Capital,  Baker  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  2804;  in 
1880,4616;  in  1890,  6764. 

Baker,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1018. 

Baker,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  456. 

Baker,  a  post-ofBce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  about  v 
miles  N.  of  Fairfield. 

Baker,  a  post-town  of  Brown  co,,  Kansas,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  stores. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Baker,  a  post-oflBce  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  22  miles  from 
Clinton. 

Baker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  Teun.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Nashville, 

Baker  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baker  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Powder  River,  about  300  miles  E.  of  Salem. 
It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  public  school,  and  2  daily 
and  3  weekly  newspapers.     It  is  surrounded  by  high  moun 
tains.     Pop.  in  1890,  2604. 

Baker  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  0°  13'  30"  N.;  Ion. 
176°  29'  30"  W.),  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  United 
States  in  1857.  It  affords  much  guano.  Water  is  obtained 
from  the  sea  by  distillation.  The  anchorage  is  unsafe.  The 
island  has  a  movable  wharf,  and  is  not  inhabited. 

Baker's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania &  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Avondale. 

Baker's,  a  station  in  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  18  miles  N. 
of  Nashville,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad. 

Baker's  Bridge,  New  York.     See  Alfred. 

Baker's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind,, 
in  Adams  township,  28  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis,  It  has  a 
church. 

Baker's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  White  co,, 
Tenn.,  29  miles  from  McMinnville, 

Baker's  Falls,  of  the  Hudson  River,  are  situated  on 
the  border  of  Sandy  Hill  township,  Washington  co,,  N.Y. 
The  river  here  descends  70  feet  in  about  100  rods. 


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Ba'kersfield,  a  oity,  the  capital  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Kern  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  in 
a  fine  stock-raising  and  fruit-growing  section,  300  miles 
6.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  4  news- 
paper oflSces,  railroad-car-shops,  planing-  and  flour-mills, 
and  fruit-packing  establishments.     Pop.  in  1890,  2626. 

Bakersfield)  a  post-village  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Gainesville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bakersfield,  a  post-town  of  Franklin  oc,  Vt.,  in 
Bakersfield  township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  St.  Albans.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  1403. 

Baker's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  oo.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Mountain  City. 

Baker's  Island,  Hancock  oc,  Me.,  a  small  island  in 
Bluehill  Bay,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Belfast. 

Baker's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet,  Rockingham  co.,  Ya.,  3^ 
miles  from  Broadway  Station.    It  has  a  church,  saw-mill,  <ke. 

Baker's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Riverside  Station. 

Baker's  Park,  Col.,  is  on  the  Animas  River,  nearly 
adjacent  to  Silverton,  and  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains 
of  the  San  Juan  range.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  great  silver- 
mining  district,  is  about  9  miles  long  and  1  or  2  miles  wide, 
and  is  the  great  and  important  feature  of  this  region. 
(See  Hayden's  Report  for  1874.) 

Baker's  Port,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hopkins 
CO.,  Ky.,  82  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  is  on  the  Louisville, 
Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad. 

Baker's  River,  a  small  river  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Pemigewasset  River 
about  1  mile  above  Plymouth. 

Baker's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Baker's  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  oo..  Pa., 
5i  miles  from  Roaring  Spring  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ba'kerstown,  a  post- village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Alleghany,  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Western  Railway. 
It  has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  other  business  places. 

Ba'kersville,  a  post- village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
New  Hartford  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hart- 
ford.    It  has  a  church  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Bakersville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Bakersville,  a  hamlet  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.,  100  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Bakersville,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  9  miles 
from  Absecon.     It  has  3  stores,  and  a  church. 

Bakersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mitchell  co., 
N.C.,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Marion.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains,  and  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Bakersville,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Massillon.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen- factory,  a  wagon-  and  car- 
riage-factory, public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Bakersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ba'kerton,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Ba'kerville,  a  post-village  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
15  miles  from  Waverly  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  steam-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  several  stores. 

Bakewell,  b&k'well,  a  town  and  railway  station  of 
England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  the  Wye,  near  the  Derwent,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Matlock,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Derby. 
Chatsworth,  the  princely  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire, 
is  in  the  parish,  and  Haddon  Hall  is  near.  It  is  noted  for 
its  mineral  springs  and  old  church.     Pop.  2748. 

Bakhchee-Sarai,  Bakhtchi«Sarai,  or  Bakh- 
tschi-Saraj,  b&K^chee-sa-ri',  written  also  Bagtche- 
Serai,  big^chee-s^-ri',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on 
the  Choruk,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Simferopol.  It  is  the 
capital  in  which  the  Tartar  sovereigns  of  the  peninsula  long 
held  sway  as  tributaries  of  Turkey.  The  town  stands  at 
the  bottom  of  a  valley  hemmed  in  by  precipitous  rooks  and 
watered  by  a  rivulet,  and  consists  almost  entirely  of  a  single 
street,  lined  with  bazaars  and  workshops.  It  contains  35 
mosques,  and  is  adorned  with  numerous  fountains.  The 
Karaite  Jews  carry  on  considerable  trade  in  stufi"  goods, 
mercery,  and  colonial  produce.  The  old  palace  of  the  khans, 
a  singular  edifice,  is  in  good  repair.  Pop.  10,528,  the  ma- 
jority of  whom  are  of  Tartar  blood ;  the  rest  are  Russians, 
Greeks,  Armenians,  and  Jews. 

Bakhmoot,  Bakhmout,  or  Bakhmnt,  b&k^moot', 
a  town  of  Russia,  120  miles  E.  of  Yekaterinoslav.  Pop. 
16,791.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  horses 
»nd   cattle,  and    was   formerly   very   important   and   for- 


tified.     In  the  vicinity  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
Tartar  wall. 
Bakhoba,  a  tribe  of  Africa.     See  N'cAiti. 
Bakhrd,  baK^r&',  a  town  of  India,  Muzofferpoor  dis* 
trict,  Bengal,  22  miles  W.  of  Muzufierpoor.     It  has  a  distil- 
lery, saltpetre-warehouse,  mosques,  and  temples.  Pop.  3372. 
Bakhtegan,  or  Bakhteghan,  b&K'ti-o&n',  Lake, 
in  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  50  miles  E.  of  Sheeraz,  is  60 
miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  with  an  average  breadth  of 
8  miles.     It  is  in  part  a  salt-marsh.     It  receives  at  its  W. 
extremity  the  Bundemeer  River.     The  lake  yields  for  traf- 
fic a  large  quantity  of  salt,  and  has  no  outlet. 

Bakhtiyari  (b&K-tee-y&'ree^)  Mountains,  a  range 
of  mountains  in  Southwestern  Persia,  extending  parallel  to 
the  rocky  ranges  of  Awa  and  Laristan.  The  highest  of 
these  rise  about  1000  feet  above  their  base. 

Bakir-Chai  River.     See  Bakeer-Chai. 

Bakir-Kureh-Si.     See  Bakeer-Kooreh-See. 

Bakony-Wald,  bSh'kon'  (or  bi-ko'nee)  *ilt  (Ger. 
Bakonyer-Wald,  bi-k6n'y9r-^3,lt\  i.e.,  "Forest  of  Ba- 
kony"),  a  mountain-range  of  Hungary,  S.  of  the  Danube, 
between  the  Raab  River  and  Lake  Balatony.  Average  ele- 
vation, 2000  feet. 

Bakoo,  Bakon,  or  Baku,  b&^koo',  an  important  sea- 
port of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  capital  of  a  government  of 
the  same  name,  is  situated  on  the  peninsula  of  Apsheron, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  561  miles  S.E.  of  Ba- 
toom  (on  the  Black  Sea),  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
railway,  and  about  1000  miles  S.E.  of  Constantinople.  Lat. 
40°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  49"  51'  E.  The  old  town  of  Bakoo  stands 
on  a  declivity,  the  summit  of  which  is  crowned  by  a  palace 
of  the  former  khans ;  but  the  marvellous  development  of 
the  petroleum  trade,  which  has  occurred  since  about  1870, 
has  caused  the  limite  of  the  place  to  expand  much  beyond 
its  former  area.  Besides  the  old  "white"  town,  with  its 
spacious  mosques,  public  squares,  marts,  caravansaries,  and 
Greek  and  Armenian  churches,  a  "  black  town"  has  sprung 
up,  devoted  to  the  refining  of  petroleum,  which  is  supplied 
by  the  500  or  more  wells  in  the  vicinity,  and  is  piped  to  the 
town  and  prepared  for  export.  Cotton,  silk,  opium,  saffron, 
and  salt  are  also  exported.  In  ancient  times  Bakoo  was 
held  in  the  highest  veneration  by  the  Guebers  or  Parsees 
(fire-worshippers),  and  frequented  by  thousands  of  pil- 
grims, many  of  whom  come  from  long  distances.  (See 
Atesh-Ga.)  They  still  have  temples  here,  and  many  of 
them  spend  their  days  in  worship  and  in  penitential  exer- 
cises.    Pop.  in  1879,  15,516;  in  1892,  92,601. 

Bakoo,  Baku,  or  Bakova,  Roumania.    See  Bakau. 

Bakoo,  or  Baku,  b&-koo',  a  government  of  Transcau- 
casia, Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Caspian.  Capital, 
Bakoo.     Area,  15,092  square  miles.     Pop.  735,340. 

Bakooba,  or  Bakuba,  b3,-koo'b&,  a  town  of  Turkey, 
vilayet  of  Bagdad,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bagdad.  It  is  noted 
for  its  fine  dates  and  rich  pasturage.     Pop.  4000. 

Bakou,  towns  of  Russia.     See  Bakoo. 

Bakova,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Bakau. 

Bakthian,  a  town  of  Anam.    See  Ketcho. 

Baktshi- Serai.    See  Baehchee-Sarai. 

Bala,  b&'l&,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Batoo  Islands; 
called  also  Poolo  Bala. 

Bala,  bi'li,  a  township  and  market-town  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Merioneth,  near  Bala  Lake.     Pop.  1539. 

BaKa,  a  post-village  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  in  Bala  town- 
ship, about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  463. 

Bala,  bah'lah,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Balabac,  b&-l&-b&k',  an  island,  one  of  the  Philippines, 
30  miles  S.  of  Palawan.     Lat.  7°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  117°  3'  E. 

Bala-Bagh,  b&'l&-b&6',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  13 
miles  W.  of  Jelalabad.     It  is  famous  for  its  fruits. 

BaMabaPagau',  Ba^abaPaga',  or  Little  Pa'- 
ternosters,  a  group  of  islands  in  Macassar  Strait,  be- 
tween Borneo  and  Celebes. 

Balabgarh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bulubsdrh. 

Balachcf,  or  Balachev.    See  Balashev. 

Balachna,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Balakhna. 

Balaclava,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Balaklava. 

BaPadan',  McDonald  co..  Mo.    See  Indian  Springs. 

Balagansk,  b3,M9,-g3,nsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Angara,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Irkootsk.     Pop.  1035. 

BaPaghaut',  or  The  BaPaghants',  a  district  of 
the  Central  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  21°-23°  N. ;  Ion. 
8°-81°  E.  It  consists  in  part  of  a  high  plateau  covered 
with  extensive  forests.  Area,  2608  square  miles.  The 
southern  portion  of  Berar  is  also  called  Balaghaut;  and 
the  same  name  is  given  to  other  sub-alpine  tracts  in  India. 


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Balagrame,  a  town  of  India.    See  Belgram. 

Balagner,  bi-li-gaiR'  (ano.  Bergu'sia),  a  town  of 
Spain,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Segre.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  a  college,  a  hospital,  and  a  castle.     Pop.  5128. 

Balagu6res,bS,MS,'gaiR',  a  town  and  communeof  France, 
department  of  Arifige.     Pop.  1199. 

Balak-Hissar,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Balikbsr. 

Balakhna,  bi-liK'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  and  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Volga,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Oosola. 
It  has  a  rampart  of  earth,  with  a  deep  fosse,  contains  15 
churches  and  a  convent,  and  has  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  3833. 

Balaklava,  or  Balaclava,  b8,-lS.-kl3,'v4,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  the  Black  Sea,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Simferopol.  Lat.  44°  29' N.;  Ion.  33°  34' 40"  E.  It  has  a 
good  port,  completely  sheltered  by  lofty  hills,  with  a  fortress, 
and  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Greeks.  Balaklava  is  the  port 
of  the  Lx8trigo7iians,  at  which  Ulysses  is  said  to  have 
touched ;  and  the  description  of  the  bay  given  by  Homer  is 
graphic  and  correct.  Under  the  Genoese  it  was  called  Bella 
Gala,  or  Cembalo,  the  latter  a  modification  of  the  ancient 
appellation  Symhalon.  Pop.  742.  Here  a  sharp  action  was 
fought  between  the  English  and  Russians,  October  25, 1854. 

Bala  (ba'la)  Lake,  or  Pim'blemere,  the  largest 
lake  in  North  Wales,  co.  of  Merioneth.  Length,  about  4 
miles ;  breadth,  1  mile.   The  river  Dee  issues  from  this  lake. 

Balambangan,  bft-lim-bing-gin',  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Borneo.  Lat. 
7°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  59'  E.     It  is  uninhabited. 

Balan,  biMftuo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ar- 
dennes, li  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  1550. 

Balanga,  bi-l&ng'gi,  a  town  of  Luzon,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Bay  of  Manila. 

Bal'anguineS  or  Ban^ging'ee,  one  of  the  Sooloo 
Islands.  Lat.  5°  57'  30"  N.;  Ion.  121°  39'  E.  The  island 
was  once  a  haunt  of  pirates.     It  now  belongs  to  Spain. 

Balapoor,  or  Bdldpur,  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Balaruu-Ies-Bains,  biM&^riik'-U-b&No,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Herault,  with  hot  sulphur-springs.     Pop.  745. 

Balasfalva,  bSh^lSsh'fSl'vSV,  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Karlsburg,  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek 
bishop,  and  has  a  gymnasium  and  normal  school.     P.  1200. 

Balashev,  or  Balachef,  bi-li-shSr,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  125  miles  W.  of  Saratov.     Pop.  7186. 

BaPasinore',  a  small  native  state  of  India,  in  Gu- 
zerat.  Area,  258  square  miles.  Pop.  41,986.  Its  capital, 
Balasinore,  is  48  miles  N.  of  Baroda. 

BaPasore%  or  Barasor',  a  district  of  Orissa,  British 
India,  lat.  20°  43'  50"-21°  56'  30"  N.,  Ion.  86°  18'  40"-87° 
30'  20"  E.,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  It  is  an  alluvial  region, 
divided  into  the  Salt  Tract,  near  the  sea,  the  Arable  Tract 
or  Rice  country,  and  the  Submontane  or  Jungle  tract. 
Capital,  Balasore.     Area,  2028  square  miles.    Pop.  770,232. 

Balasore,  or  Valeswa'ra,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  the  above,  on  the  BoorabuUung  River,  16  miles  from  its 
mouth.     Pop.  18,263. 

Balassa-Gyarmath,  bohMosh'shSh^-dyfiR^mSt',  a 
town  of  Hungary,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  6435. 

Bal'aton,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  13  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Tracy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  300. 

Balatony,  ba,'15hHon\  or  Balaton  Lake  (Ger.  Plat- 
ten-See,  plS,t't§n-si' ;  anc.  PeUo),  the  largest  lake  in  Hun- 
gary, 55  miles  S.W.  of  Pesth.  Length,  from  S.W.  to  N.E., 
46  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  about  10  miles.  Its  waters  are 
slightly  salt.  It  is  navigated  by  steamboats.  This  great 
lake,  or  submerged  marsh,  receives  upwards  of  30  streams, 
the  largest  of  which  is  the  Szala ;  and  its  surplus  waters  are 
carried  to  the  Danube  by  the  Sio  and  Sarviz. 

Balayan,  bi-li-yin',  a  bay  in  the  island  of  Luzon, 
opposite  the  N.  end  of  Mindoro  Island,  about  9  miles  long 
by  6  broad.   A  village  of  the  same  name  lies  N.  of  the  bay. 

Balayan,  a  province  of  Luzon.     See  Batangas. 

Balaz^,  biHa^zi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Vitr#.     Pop.  1827. 

Balbec,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Baalbec. 

Bal'bec,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 

Balbirnie,  b&l-bir'nee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
7i  miles  N.  of  Kirkcaldy,  on  the  Leven. 

Balbrig'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  the 
Irish  Sea,  18^  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  2332. 

Balby,  bil'bee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Doncaster.     Pop.  2038. 

Balcar'ry,  a  small  seaport  of  Scotland,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Auchincaim  Bay  and  Solway  Firth,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kirkcudbright 


Balsas,  or  Balsas,  b&l'sis  (from  halsa,  a  "  float"),  a 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Serra  Corvados,  which  separates 
Maranhao  from  Goyaz,  and  falls  into  the  Parnahiba,  in  lat. 
7°  15'  S.,  Ion.  45°  10'  W.     Length,  200  miles. 

Balcha'ri,  an  island  of  India,,  one  of  the  Sunderbunds 
of  the  Ganges  delta,  W.  of  the  entrance  to  Mutla  River. 

Bal'cony  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  oo.,  Va., 
on  James  River  where  it  passes  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Bald  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Bald  Eagle,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  Post-office 
name,  Olivia. 

Bald  Eagle,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
950,  exclusive  of  Mill  Hall. 

Bald  Eagle,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fawn 
township,  2  miles  from  Woodbine  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster. 

Bald  Eagle  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  runs  northeast 
ward  through  the  middle  of  Centre  co.,  and  enters  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  at  Lock  Haven.  The  valley 
of  this  creek  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  a  long  straight  ridge 
called  Bald  Eagle  Mountain,  which  traverses  the  counties  of 
Centre  and  Clinton.  This  ridge  extends  southwestward  into 
Blair  and  Bedford,  where  it  is  called  Dunning's  Mountain. 

Baldegg,  b&l'ddg,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  on  a  lake 
of  the  same  name,  9  miles  N.  of  Lucerne.  The  lake  is  3i 
miles  long,  1  mile  broad,  and  1529  feet  in  elevation. 

Baldenburg,  b8,rdfn-b66uG\  a  small  town  of  West 
Prussia,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Konitz.     Pop.  1200. 

Balderas,  b&l-di'r&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  S.S.W 
of  Leon.  Pop.  4320.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  hats. 

Baldern,  bil'd^m,  a  small  town  of  WUrtemberg,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  594. 

Bald'erson,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Bald'face,  a  granitic  mountain  of  New  Hampshire, 
near  the  line  between  Carroll  and  Coos  cos.  It  is  about  1 5 
miles  N.  of  North  Conway.     Altitude,  3600  feet. 

Baldface  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  3903  feet  above  the  tide 

Bald  Friar,  a  station  in  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Colnm 
bia  <t  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Deposit 

Bald  Head,  a  cape  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia, 
forming  the  S.W.  entrance  into  King  George's  Sound.  Lat. 
(of  S.  point)  35°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  118°  1'  E. 

Bald  Head,  a  headland  of  the  United  States,  in  Maine ; 
lat.  43°  13'  N.,  Ion.  70°  34'  30"  W. 

Bald  Head,  a  headland  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Smith's  Island,  N.C. ;  lat.  33°  51'  N.,  Ion.  78°  W. 

Baldissero,  bil-dis-si'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin,  14  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Turin.     Pop.  1878. 

Baldissero  di  Roletto,  b&l-dis-s&'ro  dee  ro-ldt'to, 
an  old  town  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  near  Pinerolo.     Pop.  909. 

Baldjik,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Baltshik. 

Bald  Knob,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  57  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  300. 

Bald  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  is 
Newton  township,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  AVilkesbarre. 

Bald  Mountain,  California,  stands  at  the  N.  extremity 
of  Tulare  co.,  and  has  an  altitude  of  7936  feet  above  the  sea. 

Bald  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front  Range, 
has  an  altitude  of  11,493  feet.     Silver  is  found  in  it. 

Bald  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Gilpin  co.,  Colorado, 
is  at  Nevada. 

Bald  Mountain,  a  portion  of  the  Unaka  or  Smoky 
Range,  having  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  N.W.,  and  Mitchell 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  S.E.  One  of  its  peaks,  called  likewise 
Bald  Mountain,  is  5552  feet  high.  There  are  many  other 
mountains  called  by  this  name  in  Western  North  Carolina. 

Bald  Mountain,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Greenwich  township,  and  4  miles  from  Greenwich  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church  and  large  lime-kilns. 

Baldock,  bil'dpck,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co 
of  Herts,  34  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  London.     Pop.  2055. 

Bal'dock,  or  Bel'doc,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  44  miles 
from  Augusta,  Ga.     Pop.  of  Baldock  township,  1176. 

Bal'don,  or  Baldone,  bS.rd6-n§h,  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Courland,  25  miles  E.  of  Mitau.     It  has  hot  baths. 

Baldoyle,  bal-doyl',  a  village  and  watering-place  of 
Ireland,  6  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  602. 

Bald  Prairie,  a  post- village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.. 
12  miles  W.  of  Marquez.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  btores. 

Bald  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Baldshik,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Baltshik. 


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Bald'wiliy  a  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  1620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Alabama  River,  on  the  E,  by  the  Perdido,  on 
the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W,  by  Mobile 
River  and  Mobile  Bay.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the 
soil  is  sandy  and  inferior.  It  produces  small  quantities  of 
maize,  cotton,  <fec.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile 
A  Montgomery  Railroad,  and  is  watered  by  the  Black  Water, 
Hollingers,  and  other  creeks.  Capital,  Daphne.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6004;  in  18S0,  8603;  in  1890,  8941. 

Baldwin,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Oconee  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly ;  the  valley 
of  the  Oconee  has  a  fertile  soil.  Primary  rocks  are  found 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county,  and  tertiary  strata  in  the 
S.E.  part.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and  by 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  form  a  junction  at  Milledge- 
ville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,618;  in  1880,  13,806; 
in  1890,  14,608. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Atlantic,  Gulf 
A  West  India  Transit  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  8.  from 
Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  2  schools,  and  a 
distillery  of  turpentine.     Pop.  about  150. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  45  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  3  churches.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Baldwin,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Jackson  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Clinton  &  Anamosa  Branch  Railroad,  24  miles 
E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  300. 

Baldwin,  a  post-town  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  creamery, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  excellent  public  schools,  and  is  the 
seat  of  Baker  University.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Baldwin,  a  village  of  St.  Mary's  parish,  La.,  about  25 
miles  from  Morgan  City.  It  has  3  churches,  and  schools 
for  white  and  colored  children. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  32 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  active  manufactures. 
(Post-offices,  East,  North,  and  West  Baldwin.)     Pop.  1101, 

Baldwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  in  the 
lovely  Long  Green  Valley.  It  has  a  church  and  a  station 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Lehigh  Railway,  18^  miles  N.E.  of 
Baltimore. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  the  Marquette  River,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Ludington.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles.     Pop.  200. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
404.     It  contains  Santiago. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Chemung  co.,  N,Y.  Pop, 
1006.     It  contains  Hammond  Corners,  or  North  Chemung. 

Baldwin,  a  station  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ticonderoga 
township,  is  the  western  terminus  of  a  railroad  extending  to 
Fort  Ticonderoga,  5  miles  distant.  It  is  on  Lake  George, 
near  its  outlet,  and  has  a  steamboat-landing. 

Baldwin,  a  post- village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hemp- 
stead township,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island, 
23  miles  E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  500, 

Baldwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  th« 
Cincinnati,  Portsmouth  <fc  Virginia  Railroad,  about  20 
milee  E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.  Pop.  3104. 
It  has  important  coal-mines,  and  contains  Hope  Church. 

Baldwin,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  at  Fairview, 

Baldwin,  the  former  name  of  the  post-borough  of 
Steelton,  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.     See  Steelton. 

Baldwin,  a  post- village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis,,  in  Bald- 
win township,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  41  miles  E. 
-of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Hudson,  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  carriages,  threshing- 
machines,  sash,  blinds,  <tc.     Pop.  602. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co,,  Ontario,  15 
miles  from  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Baldwin's,  a  village  in  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Jackson  to  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  400.  The  name  of 
the  post-office  is  Horton. 

Baldwin's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chester 
Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Downingtown. 

Baldwin's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Waupaca  River,  about  35  miles  N.N. W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Bald'winsTille,  a  post  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 


in  Templeton  township,  on  the  Vermont  &  MassachuMtta 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  also  on  the  Ware 
River  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palmer.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  cane-seat  chairs,  toys,  and  furniture. 

Baldwinsville,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y,, 
on  the  Seneca  River  and  the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse,  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  free  academy^  6  largs 
flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  woollen-factory.  It  ha> 
also  a  newspaper  office  and  5  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  3040. 

Baldwin sville,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Baldwin. 

Bald'winville,  a  hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Paris. 

Bald'wyn,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Corinth.  It  has 
10  stores,  4  churches,  an  academy,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700, 

Bald'y  Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo 
range,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Colorado,  near  the  line  between 
Costilla  and  Huerfano  cos.     Altitude,  14,176  feet. 

Bale,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Basel. 

Balearic  (bS,re-&r'ik)  Isles  (anc.  Balea'res),  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  between  lat.  38°  40'  and 
40°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  1°  and  5°  E.,  consisting  of  Majorca, 
Minorca,  Ivija,  -Formentera,  Cabrera,  and  several  islets, 
and  forming  an  administrative  province  of  Spain,  Capital, 
Palma.  United  area,  2200  square  miles.  Pop.  289,22'> 
The  climate  is  temperate  and  healthy ;  soil  fertile. 

Balearis  Major.     See  Majorca. 

Balearis  Minor.    See  Minorca. 

Balejooree,  or  Bal^nri,  b&-le-joo'ree,  a  town  of 
India,  North-West  Provinces,  in  Rohilcund,  district  and  30 
miles  N.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  8253. 

Balerna,  hk-lh^'uk,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  Ticino,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  1109, 

Bal^e share',  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  Hebrides, 
S,  of  the  island  of  North  Uist,  Inverness-shire,     Pop.  246. 

Bale's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  14  miles 
E.  of  Cumberland  Gap.     It  has  1  flour-mill  and  1  saw-mill. 

Balestrate,  biMes-tri'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  W. 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  2413. 

Baleswar,  b&l-es-war',  a  large  river  of  the  Ganges 
delta,  leaves  the  Ganges  below  Kooshtia,  is  at  first  called 
Garai,  next  takes  the  name  of  Mudhoomattee,  and  is  called 
Baleswar  in  its  tidal  portions ;  but  in  the  estuary  it  is  fre- 
quently named  Haringhata.  Since  1800  it  has  become  one 
of  the  principal  outlets  of  the  Ganges. 

Bal'fron,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Stiriing.     Pop.  1085. 

Balfurosh,  birfur-5sh',  Balfroosh,  Balfrouch 
or  Balfrusch,  b&l-froosh',  written  also  Balfrnsh  or 
Balfurush  (originally  Bar/uruah,  the  "  mart  of  burdens"), 
a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Mazanderan,  on  the  Bahbul, 
12  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian,  and  20  miles  W.  of 
Saree.  Pop.  estimated  at  100,000.  It  is  built  in  the  midst 
of  a  forest,  and  is  large,  straggling,  and  interspersed  with 
gardens ;  streets  broad  and  straight,  but  unpaved ;  houses 
mostly  of  brick.  It  has  numerous  bazaars  and  caravan- 
saries, from  20  to  30  Mohammedan  colleges,  and  a  large 
general  trade.  It  communicates  with  its  port  on  the  Cas- 
pian by  a  good  road  for  wheeled  vehicles. 

Balga,  bil'gi,  a  village  of  East  Prussia,  24  miles  S.W. 
of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Frische-Hafi".     Pop.  983. 

Balgach,  b&l'g&K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  II  miles  B. 
of  St.  Gall,  with  sulphur  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  1419, 

Bali,b&'lee,  Bally,  b&l'lee,  or  Little  Java,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  immediately  E,  of  Java,  This 
island  is  75  miles  in  length  and  50  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
Two  mountain -chains  traverse  it  from  E.  to  W.  Culmi- 
nating point,  the  volcano  of  Agoong,  12,379  feet  high.  The 
island  is  abundantly  supplied  with  water.  Principal  exports 
rice,  cotton,  coff'ee,  tobacco,  hides,  oil,  edible  birds'-nests,  ca- 
techu, and  cotton  cloths  and  yarn ;  imports,  opium,  betel, 
gold,  silver,  and  ivory.  Much  cofifee  is  carried  to  Singapore 
from  the  N.  coast.  Bali  is  subdivided  among  eight  petty 
states :  of  these,  Badong,  in  the  S.,  is  the  chief.  The  village 
system  prevails  here,  as  in  Java  and  India,  and  the  Hindoo 
is  the  predominant  religion.  Principal  towns,  Badong  in 
the  S.,  Billing  in  the  N.,  and  Karang-Assam  on  the  B.  coast. 
The  Strait  of  Bali,  between  this  island  and  Java,  is,  where 
narrowest,  only  3  miles  across.  The  people  are  of  Malay 
stock,  with  a  written  language  of  their  own,  called  Balinese. 
Pop.  about  800,000. 

Bali,  b&'le,  or  Bal'ly,  a  village  of  Bengal,  on  th« 
Hoogly,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Howrah.     Pop.  3544. 

Bali,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Burdwan,  on  the  river  Dhal 
kisor,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Calcutta.    Pop.  8819. 


UAL 


576 


BAL 


Baliabarda,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Patras. 

Baligrod,  b3,'le-grod\  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Sanok,  in  the  Carpathians.     Pop.  900. 

Balikesr,  bi-lee-kes's'r,  Balu-Kissar,  M-loo-kis'- 
Bflx,  or  Balik-Shehr,  baHik^shfih'h^r,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  Anatolia,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Brusa.  It  is  peopled  by 
Turks  and  Armenians.     Pop.  about  12,000. 

Baliquatro,  bi-le-kwa'tro,  the  N.W.  point  of  the  island 
of  Samar,  one  of  the  Philippines ;  also,  a  small  island  in 
the  Strait  of  San  Bernardino,  between  that  point  and  the 
island  of  Luzon.     Lat.  12°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  10'  E. 

Balize,  Belize,  ba-leez',  or  British  Honduras 
(Mexican-Spanish,  Baliza,  bi-lee'si,  said  to  have  been 
pamed  from  one  WaUis,  a  buccaneer),  a  British  colony  of 
Central  America,  bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  Campeachy,  a 
Mexican  state,  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Honduras,  S.  by  Guate- 
mala, and  W.  by  Guatemala  and  Mexico.  Land  area,  7660 
square  miles.  The  coast  is  low  and  swampy,  fenced  from 
the  open  sea  by  lines  of  keys  and  islands.  The  W.  frontier 
is  mountainous,  and  dense  forests  abound.  Mahogany,  log- 
wood, and  sugar  are  leading  exports.  Agriculture  is  in  its 
Infancy.  The  climate  is  hot,  moist,  and  unhealthy  for  white 
people,  yet  there  are  few  epidemics,  while  earthquakes  and 
hurricanes  are  unknown.  The  colony  has  a  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, a  legislature,  and  a  privy  council."  The  country  is 
divided  into  3  districts,  Northern,  Balize,  and  Southern. 
Chief  towns,  Balize,  the  capital,  and  Corozal,  in  the  extreme 
N.     Pop.  (1891)  31,471. 

Balize,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above  colony,  on  the  Bay 
of  Honduras,  at  the  mouth  of  an  arm  of  the  river  Balize. 
Lat.  17°  29' 18"  N.  J  Ion.  88°  12' W.  It  has  7  churches,  a  court- 
house, a  hospital,  a  government  house,  and  an  iron  majket- 
house.  It  is  well  built,  and  consists  in  part  of  brick  houses, 
while  some  of  the  inferior  buildings  stand  on  piles.  The 
anchorage  is  safe,  and  the  harbor  deep  and  spacious.  The 
surrounding  country  is  swampy.  The  chief  trade  is  in  ma- 
hogany, but  this  has  declined ;  logwood,  cedar,  cocoanuts, 
skins,  and  sugar  are  also  shipped.  The  exports  and  imports 
average  about  $1,000,000  each  per  annum.  Pop.  6800, 
mostly  blacks. 

Balize,  a  river  which  ri;;es  in  Guatemala,  and  flows 
N.E.  through  British  Honduras,  reaching  the  Gulf  of  Hon- 
duras near  the  town  of  Balize.    It  is  navigable  290  miles. 

Balize,  ba-leez',  one  of  the  pilot-towns  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Plaquemines  parish.  La.  It  is 
a  small  village,  whose  houses  stand  on  piles. 

Balkan,  b3.1-k3.n'  (anc.  Hse'mua),  an  important  moun- 
tain-chain of -Europe,  extending  from  the  plain  of  Sophia, 
in  Bulgaria,  Ion.  23°  E.,  to  Cape  Emineh,  on  the  Black  Sea, 
and  forming  the  boundary  between  Bulgaria  and  Eastern 
Roumelia.  The  name  Kodja  Balkan  is  limited  to  the  por- 
tion of  the  ancient  Heemvs  west  of  the  Balkan  of  Shipka. 
The  western  part  of  the  Great  Balkan  runs  S.S.E.  and 
NiN.W.,  and  is  connected  with  the  mountains  of  Middle 
Europe  by  the  ranges  of  Montenegro,  Herzegovina,  and 
the  Dinaric  Alps  on  the  W.,  and  the  mountains  of  Greece 
on  the  S.  The  chain  in  general  is  4900  feet  in  elevation.  It 
slopes  abruptly  S.  to  the  alluvial  plain  of  Tatar-Bazardjik 
and  Philippopolis,  but  terminates  more  gently  on  the  N.  by 
means  of  the  crests  of  the  Balkan  of  Etropol.  The  eastern 
part  of  the  Balkan  consists  of  a  series  of  minor  chains, 
decreasing  in  elevation  as  they  approach  the  plains  of 
the  Danube  on  the  N.  and  the  Black  Sea  on  the  E.  The 
Emineh  Dagh  is  2660  feet  in  elevation.  The  range  is  trav- 
ersed by  only  one  great  route,  that  of  the  gate  of  Trajan. 

Balkany ,  birkiii',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolcs, 
7  miles  S.  of  Nagy-Kall<5.     Pop.  3977. 

Balkash,  birkish',  or  Tengheez  (Tenghiz),  ten'- 
geez',  an  extensive  lake  of  Asiatic  Russia,  between  lat.  45° 
and  47°  N.  and  Ion.  73°  and  80°  E.  It  is  situated  near  the 
north  edge  of  the  great  central  basin  of  the  continental 
streams,  and  receives  the  waters  of  the  Eelee  (Hi)  and  sev- 
eral smaller  streams,  but  has  no  outlet.  Length,  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.,  345  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  55  miles.  It  is  salt, 
and  is  surrounded  by  uninhabited  wastes.  It  is  compara- 
tively shallow. 

Baikh,  bilk,  a  province  of  Central  Asia,  the  ancient 
kingdom  of  Bactria,  now  subordinate  to  the  Emeer  of  Af- 
ghanistan, extending  between  lat.  35°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion. 
64°  and  69°  E.,  having  on  the  N.  the  Amoo  Darya,  on  the 
E.  Budukhshan,  on  the  S.  the  Hindoo-Koosh  Mountains, 
and  W.  the  desert.  Length,  about  250  miles ;  breadth,  120 
miles.     Capital,  Takhtapool. 

Balkh  (anc.  Zarias'pa  and  Bac'tra),  a  city  of  the  above, 
is  on  the  Adirsiah  or  Balkh  River,  105  miles  W.  of  Khoon- 
dooz.  The  modem  town,  now  almost  depopulated,  is  en- 
closed by  a  mud  wall,  and    )ccupies  but  a  fraction  of  the 


surface  embraced  by  the  ancient  city,  the  remains  of  whicb 
cover  a  space  20  miles  in  circumference. 

Balkhan  (b&rKS,n')  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Caspian  Sea, 
between  lat.  39°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  53°  and  54°  E. 

Ball,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  111.     Pop.  986. 

Balla,  bal'li,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  453. 

'Ballaghadereen,baria-H^-d&'reen,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  30  miles  E.N.E.'  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  1496. 

Bal'lah,  or  £1-Bal'lah,  a  shallow  lagoon  or  lake  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Suez  and  traversed  by  the  Suez  Canal.  It 
lies  between  Lakes  Timsah  and  Menzaleh. 

Bal'lahac,  a  hamlet  or  gold-mining  camp  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal.,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville. 

Ballahulish,  b&-l&-hoo'lish,  or  Ballachnlish,  b&- 
15,-Koo'lish,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  counties  of 
Inverness  and  Argyle,  on  Lochs  Leven  and  Linnhe,  llj 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  William.     Pop.  of  viUage,  994. 

Ballan,  b&riftN°',  a  village  of  France,  Indre-et-Loire, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1160. 

Ballantrae,  bilM&n-tra',  a  maritime  village  of  Scot- 
land, 28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ayr.     Pop.  516. 

Bal'lantrae,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  % 
miles  from  Aurora.     Pop.  100. 

Bal'lantyne's,  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  180. 

Ballapoor,  or  Balapur,  bi-li-poor',  a  town  of  the 
Akola  district,  Berar,  British  India,  31  miles  S.W.  of  El- 
lichpoor.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  turbans.     Pop.  12,631. 

Ballapoor,  or  Chik'ka  Ballapoor,  a  town  of 
India,  province  and  130  miles  N.E.  of  Mysore.     Pop.  8756. 

Ballapoor,  or  Dodda  Ballapoor,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Mysore,  26  miles  N.  of  Bangalore.     Pop.  7445. 

Bal Marat',  a  city  of  Victoria,  Australia,  55  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Geelong,  on  the  river  Yarrowee.  It  is  well 
built,  is  at  the  junction  of  three  railways,  and  has  several 
banks,  a  general  hospital,  an  almshouse,  an  orphanage, 
many  quartz-mills,  and  a  large  product  of  fine  gold.  Bal- 
larat  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  It  is 
divided  into  Ballarat  proper  (pop.  in  1881,  22,411)  and 
Ballarat  East,  a  separate  municipality  (pop.  14,849).  Total 
pop.  in  1891,  46,033. 

Bal'lard,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi,  and 
intersected  by  Mayfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  oats  are  abundantly  grown  here. 
The  western  portion  of  the  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Illinois  Central  and  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroads.  The 
Humphrey  and  Claxton  Creeks  drain  it  in  the  N.  Capital, 
Blandville.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,576;  in  1880,  14,378;  in 
1890  (part  taken  to  form  Carlisle  co.  in  1886),  8390. 

Ballard,  a  city  of  King  co..  Wash.,  at  the  junction  of 
two  railroads,  5  miles  from  Seattle.  It  has  6  churches,  & 
system  of  graded  schools,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  and  thriving 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  iron.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Bal'lard's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Kansas,  on  Little  Blue  River,  10  miles  above  Waterville. 

Bal'lardsville,  an  incorporated  town  of  Oldham  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  from  La  Grange,  has  a  church,  several  shops, 
&c.     It  is  on  Floyd's  Fork  of  Salt  River. 

Bal'lard  Vale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  manufactory  of  flannel.     Pop.  about  600. 

Balldri,  a  district  and  city  of  India.     See  Bellary. 

Ballas,  biriis',  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile, 
about  lat.  26°  N.,  Ion.  32°  42'  E.,  celebrated  for  its  earthen 
jars,  called  Ballasee,  which  are  much  used.  Large  rafts 
made  of  Ballasee  jars  are  floated  down  the  Nile  to  market. 

Ballater,  bil'la-t^r,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aber- 
deen, 3?  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  691. 

Ball  Camp,  a  post- village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  6  milea 
from  Ebenezer.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  <fcc. 

Ball  Creek,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Kent  City. 

Balleek,  Ireland,  the  former  name  of  Ballina. 

Ballena,  bil-li'nl  (native  pron.  bi-yi'nS.),  a  post- 
office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  60  miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Ballenas,  a  village  of  California.     See  Bolinas. 

Ballenstedt,  bil'l§n-stfitt\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  An- 
halt,  on  a  railway,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Halberstadt.    Pop.  4395. 

Bal'lentine's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Balleny  (bal'l^-ne)  Islands,  five  small  volcanic 
islands  in  the  Antarctic.     Lat.  66°  44'  S.;  Ion.  163°  E. 

Balleroy,  b5.ri§h-rwi',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Calvados,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bayeux.     Pop.  1220. 

Bailey,  Mount,  California.    See  Mo0nt  Balley. 


1^ 


BAL 


677 


BAL 


Ball  Groand,  a  post-rillage  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  296. 

Ball  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  1^  miles  from 
Cutler  Railroad  Station. 

Bai'libay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Her- 
rick  township,  3  miles  from  Rummerfield. 

Ballibay,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Balltbat. 

Balliett,  bal'l^-et,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Venango  co.,  Pa. 

Bal'liettsviile,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa. 

Balligomingo,  bar^-go-ming'go,  a  village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  West  Conshohocken  Station, 
and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  470. 

Ballina,  b&re-n&'  (formerly  Balleek,  "the  ford  of 
flags"),  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Mayo,  on  the  navigable 
river  Moy,  IS  miles  N.N.E.  of  Castlebar.  It  has  a  work- 
house, sessions-house,  hospital,  dispensary,  public  schools, 
barracks,  and  two  bridges  across  the  Moy ;  with  breweries, 
flour-mills,  manufactories  of  snuff  and  linen,  and  a  trade  in 
cured  provisions,  fish,  Ac.     Pop.  6551. 

BalMin'afad,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  On- 
tario, 6  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

Bal4inahinch%  a  barony,  parish,  demesne,  lake, 
river,  seat,  and  ruined  castle  of  Ireland,  37  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Galway.     Pop.  of  barony,  23,969. 

Ballinahinch,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  1000. 

BalUinakill',  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  11  miles 
S.  of  Maryborough.     Pop.  745. 

BalMinamore',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Carriok-on-Shannon.     Pop.  534. 

BalUinamuck',  a  village  of  Ireland,  11  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Longford.  Here  the  French  troops  under  General  Hum- 
bert surrendered  to  the  English,  September  8,  1798. 

Bariinaskel'ligs  (orBalMinskel'ligs)  Bay,  Ire- 
land, 00,  of  Kerry,  between  Hog  Head  on  the  E.  and  Bolus 
Head  on  the  W.     Breadth,  5  miles. 

Ballinasloe,  baPlin-a-slo',  a  town  of  Ireland,  counties 
of  Galway  and  Roscommon,  on  the  Suck,  22  miles  S.  of  Ros- 
common, and  91  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Dublin.  The  Suck 
divides  it  into  two  portions.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and 
has  public  schools,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  court-house  and 
bridewell,  market-house,  workhouse,  aAd  savings-bank, 
flour-mills,  tan-yards,  breweries,  coach-  and  hat-manufac- 
tories, Ac.     Pop.  4619. 

Bal'linger,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Runnels  oo., 
Tex.,  34  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  San  Angelo.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  manufactures  of  flour,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  2000. 

Bal'linger's,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Keokuk. 

BalUiurobe',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the 
Robe,  near  its  mouth  in  Lough  Mask,  and  16  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Castlebar.     Pop.  2408. 

Ballinskelligs  Bay.     See  Ballinaskelligs. 

Ball  Monntain,  a  township,  Watauga  oo.,  N.C.  P.  320. 

Ballon,  blridno',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Orne,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Le  Mans.     Pop.  1720. 

Ballo'na,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Santa  Monica  to  Los  Angeles,  9  miles  W.  of 
Los  Angeles. 

Ballon  d'Alsace,  b4ri6N»'  diPsiss',  one  of  the  loftiest 
mountains  of  the  Vosges  chain,  on  the  boundary  between 
France  and  Germany,  4101  feet  high. 

Ballon de  Guebwiller,  biri6N»'d?hghSbVeeriaiR', 
the  French  for  Mount  Gebweiler,  or  the  Sulzer  Belchen,  the 
highest  mountain  of  the  Vosges  chain,  in  Upper  Alsace, 
Germany,  4690  feet  high. 

Ballots,  birio',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Mayenne,  22  miles  from  Laval.     Pop.  1943. 

Ball  Play,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala. 

Ball  Play,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Ball  Point,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Ball's  Bluff,  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  is  on  the  Potomac 
River,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Washington.  Colonel  Baker 
was  killed  in  battle  here,  October  21,  1861. 

BalPs  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Shnata  oo.,  Cal. 

Ball's  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo..  Conn.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Danbury. 

Ball'ston,  township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.  Contains 
Ballston  Centre  and  part  of  Ballston  Spa.     Pop.  2,059. 

Ballston  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ballston  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ballston  Spa.  It 
has  a  church. 

Ballston  Spa,  "  post-town,  the  capital  of  Saratoga 


CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ballston  and  Milton  townships,  32  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Albany,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Ballston.  It  has  sev- 
eral mineral  springs,  2  national  banks,  5  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of  paper, 
paper-bags,  axes  and  scythes,  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
saah,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3527. 

Ball'town,  a  hamlet  of  Howe  township.  Forest  co..  Pa. 

Ball'ville,  a  village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Ballville 
township,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  li  miles  S.  of  Fremont. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1731. 

Ball' win,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  5  miles 
from  Maramec  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bally,  b&l'lee  {i.e.,  a  "  town"),  a  prefix  to  the  names 
of  about  120  towns  and  parishes  in  Ireland. 

Bal'ly,  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Lombok, 
in  lat.  8°  40'  S.,  Ion.  116°  30'  B. 

Bally,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bali. 

Bally-ath-Cliath,  an  Irish  name  of  Dublin. 

BalHybay',  a  town  of  Ireland,  8  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Monaghan.     Pop.  1714. 

BaPlybo'fey,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 
the  Finn,  15  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lifford.     Pop.  881. 

Bal^lycas'tle,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  a 
bay,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fair  Head.     Pop.  1739. 

Bariyclare',  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  .An- 
trim, 11  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  1021. 

Bal'lyclough,  balM^-klSH',  a  post-office  of  Dubuque 
CO.,  Iowa. 

BaPlycroy',  a  post- village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  from  Bolton.     Pop.  100. 

Bariyduff',  or  Man'vers,  a  post-village  in  Durham 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Bethany.     Pop.  100. 

BalMygaw'ley,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  3i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aughnacloy.     Pop.  560. 

BalUyhaise',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cavan.     Pop.  704. 

Bariyjamesduff',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Cavan.     Pop.  714. 

Ballykennedy,  Ireland.    See  Gracehill. 

BalMylong'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  6 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarbert,  near  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon. 
Pop.  839. 

Bariymacar'ret,  a  large  suburb  of  Belfast,  Ireland, 
is  in  the  co.  of  Down,  on  the  Lagan,  opposite  Belfast. 

Bariyma'hon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Longford,  on 
the  Inny,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Longford.     Pop.  914. 

BalMyme'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  the 
Braid,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.  Pop.  6774.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  market-house,  diocesan  school,  pub 
lie  schools,  a  bridewell,  and  a  workhouse.  It  exports  linens 
and  potatoes,  and  has  numerous  bleaching-grounds,  a  cotton- 
mill,  a  distillery,  and  branch  banks. 

BalMymo'ney,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Ballymena.     Pop.  2930. 

Bariymore'  Eus'tace,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Kildare,  on  the  Liffey,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  719. 

BalMymote',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Sligo.     Pop.  1180. 

Bal'lymote,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  from  London.     Pop.  100. 

Ballynahinch,  Ontario.    See  Glenvale. 

BaPlyrag'get,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  on 
the  Nore,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  936. 

BalUysadare',  a  town  of  Ireland,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Sligo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Owenbeg.     Pop.  392. 

Bal^lyshan'non,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal, 
on  the  Erne,  at  its  mouth  in  Ballyshannon  Bay,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Enniskillen.     Pop.  2958. 

Balm,  a  post-office  of  Blount  oo.,  Ala. 

Balm,  a  post- village  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Springfield 
township,  6  or  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mercer,  and  3^  miles  from 
Bristow.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  18  houses. 

Balmaz-Ujvaros,  b5Pm6sh'  oo-ee-vi'r6sh\  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolcs,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Debreczin. 
Pop.  of  commune,  9481. 

Bal merino,  b&l-m^-ree'no,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Fife,  on  the  Tay,  6  miles  N.  of  Cupar-Fife.     Pop.  717. 

Balmoral,  b^l-mor'&l,  a  castle  of  Scotland,  on  tne river 
Dee,  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aberdeen.     It  is  a  royal  residence. 

Balmor'al,  a  village  of  Tensas  parish,  La.,  9  miles 
from  Grand  Gulf,  Miss.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grst-mill. 
a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Balmoral,  a  village  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Otter  Tail  Lake,  20  miles  from  Perham.  It  hu  a 
flouring-mill. 


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Balm'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Newburg 
township,  near  the  city  of  Newburg,  and  about  1  mile  from 
the  Hudson  River.  It  has  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy, 
and  some  fine  residences. 

Balnea,  the  ancient  name  of  Bagnols. 

BaMoil',  or  Bali'ol,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co., 
Miss.,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  and  2  sorghum-mills. 

Balo'tra,  a  town  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Joodpoor.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  has  varied 
native  manufactures,  and  a  trade  in  salt.     Pop.  7275. 

Balquhidder,  bil-kwid'd§r,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  34  miles  W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  743. 

BaPrampore'y  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  district  and 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Gonda.     Pop.  14,026. 

Bal'sall;  a  town  of  England,  in  Worcestershire,  is  a 
southeastern  suburb  of  Birmingham.     Pop.  13,615. 

Balsam  (bawl'sam)  Grove,  a  post-oflace  of  Transyl- 
vania CO.,  N.C. 

Balsam  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on 
Balsam  Lake,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.    Pop.  555. 

Balsamo,  ba.l'si-mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  2379. 

Balsar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bulsaur. 

Balsas,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  BAL9AS. 

Balsas,  a  port  of  Chili.     See  Coquimbo. 

Balsora,  a  city  of  Asia.     See  Bassokah. 

Balsorano,  b3,l-so-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aouila,  6  miles  N.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2943. 

Bal'sover,  or  Bol'sover,  a  post-village  in  Victoria 
00.,  Ontario,  on  the  Talbot  River,  3  miles  from  Eldon.  It 
has  a  woollen-factory  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  ,300. 

Balsthal,  bils't|l,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Soleure,  on  the  Diinnern.  Pop.  1259. 
Near  it  is  the  celebrated  defile  of  Klus,  with  a  village  of 
the  same  name,  and  extensive  iron-foundries  and  forges. 

Bal'ta,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  in  lat.  60°  45'  N., 
Ion.  0°  45'  W.,  immediately  E.  of  Unst,  between  which  and 
Balta  is  Balta  Sound. 

Balta,  b&l'tS,,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  in  Podolia,  on 
the  Kodema,  an  aflluent  of  the  Bug,  132  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Kamieniec.  It  is  an  important  railway  junction,  and  has 
many  soap-  and  candle-works,  and  a  large  trade  in  cattle, 
horses,  wool,  grain,  and  tallow.     Pop.  31,319. 

Baltanas,  b3,l-td,'n&s,  or  Valtanas,  v&l-t&'n&s,  a 
town  of  Spain,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  2593. 

Baltar,  bil-taK',  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Minho,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  1332. 

Balti,  or  Baltee,  a  region  of  Asia.     See  Bulti. 

Baltic,  bawl'tik  (Ger.  Oestaee,  ost'si,  "  East  Sea ;"  Fr. 
Baltique,  birteek' ;  Sp.  and  It.  Baltieo,  bll'te-ko ;  L.  Ma're 
Bal'ticum  ;  anc.  Si'nus  Coda'nua),  a  sea  of  Europe,  enclosed 
on  nearly  all  sides  by  Sweden,  Russia,  and  Prussia,  and 
communicating  with  the  Cattegat  and  the  North  Sea  by  the 
Sound  and  the  Great  and  Little  Belts.  It  extends  from 
Swinemiinde  in  the  S.  to  Tornea  in  the  N.,  about  900  miles, 
and  from  Carlscrona  in  the  W.  to  Memel  in  the  E.,  about 
180  miles.  Its  area  is  160,000  square  miles ;  and  its  basin, 
which  receives  the  drainage  of  more  than  a  fifth  of  the  sur- 
face of  Europe,  is  at  least  900,000  square  miles.  Notwith- 
standing its  great  extent,  the  Baltic  has  all  the  character- 
istics of  a  great  lake.  No  sea  has,  in  proportion  to  its  size, 
so  great  an  influx  of  fresh  water :  hence  it  contains  but 
little  salt.  In  proportion  to  the  North  Sea,  this  is  found  to 
be  as  194  to  373.  The  N.  part  of  the  Baltic  is  called  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia;  on  the  E.  are  the  Gulfs  of  Finland  and 
Riga,  on  the  S.E.  the  Gulf  of  Dantzic,  and  on  the  S.W.  the 
Gulf  of  Lubeck.  The  Baltic  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Motala-Elf,  the  lakes  of  Maelar,  Onega,  and  Ladoga,  and 
the  Diina,  Niemen,  Vistula,  and  Oder,  besides  numerous 
smaller  streams.  The  great  amount  of  sand  and  mud  car- 
ried down  by  the  rivers  has  considerably  raised  the  bottom 
of  this  sea,  and  closed  to  navigation  the  mouths  of  many  of 
its  streams.  The  shores  and  bed  of  the  sea  have  also  a  well- 
ascertained  upward  movement.  The  chief  islands  are  the 
Danish  Archipelago,  between  the  coasts  of  Jutland  and 
Sweden,  the  islands  of  Riigen,  Bornholm,  (Eland,  Gottland, 
Dagoe,  and  Oesel,  the  group  of  Aland,  and  that  of  Holmon. 
The  Baltic  has  no  tides,  or  rather  the  tide  is  not  observable; 
but  the  sea  is  subject  to  changes  of  level,  depending  on  the 
winds,  retarding  or  accelerating  the  passage  of  the  water 
through  the  sound  and  the  belts.  Thus,  during  a  N.E.  wind 
the  S.W.  portion  of  the  sea  is  often  raised  as  much  as  4  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  North  Sea.  But  after  N.W.  gales  and 
during  spring  tides,  the  Atlantic  rises,  and,  pouring  a  flood 
into  the  Baltic,  commits  havoc  among  the  islands  of  the 
Danish  Archipelago.     The  great  amount  of  water  which 


flows  into  the  Baltic,  especially  during  the  melting  of  th« 
snow  in  spring,  occasions  a  general  current  in  the  direction 
of  the  ocean ;  and  it  has  been  calculated  that  the  number 
of  days  in  which  the  water  flows  outward  is  in  proportion 
to  those  in  which  it  flows  in  an  opposite  direction,  as  24 
to  1.  During  winter  this  sea  is  usually  frozen  along  the 
coasts ;  and  in  severe  winters  a  great  part  of  its  surface  is 
covered  with  ice.  In  1324  the  Baltic  was  frozen  so  hard 
that  for  six  weeks  the  people  travelled  between  Denmark 
and  Germany  on  the  ice.  The  Baltic  contains  abundance 
of  fish,  and  a  great  quantity  of  amber  is  gathered  on  its  S. 
shores.  The  most  important  ports  are  St.  Petersburg,  Riga, 
Konigsberg,  Dantzic,  Stralsund,  Copenhagen,  Carlscrona, 
Stockholm,  Gefle,  Helsingfors,  Memel,  and  Cronstadt. 

Baltic,  bawl'tik,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Sprague  township,  on  the  Shetucket  River,  42  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  and 
2  woollen-factories.     Pop.  about  750. 

Baltic,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  37  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  550. 

Baltic  Port,  or  Baltiiskoi,  b&l-te-is-koy',  a  seaport 
of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Finland,  38  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Revel.     Pop.  446. 

Baltic  Provinces,  a  name  applied  to  the  Russian 
governments  or  provinces  of  Courland,  Esthonia,  and  Livo- 
nia, where  the  German  language  is  spoken  by  the  dominant 
class.  The  term  is  extended  also  to  the  government  of  St. 
Petersburg  (once  the  Swedish  province  of  Ingria),  and  is 
sometimes  made  to  include  the  grand  duchy  of  Finland. 

Baltimore,  bawl't^-more  or  bawlt'^-mpr,  a  seaport  of 
Ireland,  at  its  S.  extremity,  co.  of  Cork,  on  a  small  bay,  47 
miles  S.W.  of  Cork.     Lat.  51°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  20'  W. 

Baltimore,  bawl't^-more,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  622  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  and 
W.  by  the  Patapsco  River.  It  is  also  drained  by  Gunpowder 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills,  some  of  which 
are  nearly  800  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among 
the  mineral  resources  of  this  county  are  granite,  marble,  lime- 
stone, soapstone,  and  iron  ore.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory, 
maple,  oak,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  the 
surface.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railroads.  Capital, 
Towson.     Pop.  in  1880,  83,336 ;  in  1890,  72,909. 

Baltimore,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.  Pop.  3380. 
It  is  the  southeasternmost  hundred  in  the  state. 

Baltimore,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1172. 
It  contains  Lowell. 

Baltimore,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  metropolis 
of  the  state  of  Maryland,  is  situated  on  an  estuary  of  the 
Patapsco  River  (locally  known  as  "The  Basin"),  12  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  180  miles  by 
ship-channel  from  the  sea.  Lat.  39°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  37'  W. 
It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio,  Northern  Cen- 
tral, Western  Maryland,  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Bal- 
timore, Baltimore  <fc  Potomac,  Annapolis  Short  Line,  and 
Maryland  Central  Railroads.  Its  harbor  is  spacious  and 
secure :  it  has  been  deepened  artificially  to  a  minimum  of 
24  feet.  The  facilities  for  transfer  of  freight  from  the  rail- 
ways to  the  shipping  are  excellent ;  and  in  recent  years  the 
city  has  become  one  of  the  leading  places  of  export  in  the 
United  States,  especially  for  the  agricultural  products  of 
the  West  and  South.  It  is  built  upon  a  succession  of  pictu- 
resque eminences  ;  and  the  city  and  its  surroundings  are 
regarded  as  surpassing  nearly  every  other  large  city  of  the 
United  States  in  variety  and  elegance.  Its  principal  streets 
are  broad,  and  traversed  by  street-cars  and  cable-railways ; 
and  many  of  its  public  and  private  buildings  are  noteworthy 
for  size,  beauty,  and  fine  situation.  There  are  several  parks, 
and  many  fine  public  squares.  Among  the  prominent  build- 
ings are  the  Catholic  cathedral,  the  city  hall,  the  custom- 
house, the  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, the  masonic  temple  (destroyed  by  fire  about  Christmas, 
1890),  the  Rialto  (where  the  stock  board  meets),  and  the 
academy  of  music.  The  Washington,  Wells  &  McComas, 
and  Battle  Monuments  are  prominent  structures,  and  have 
given  Baltimore  the  title  of  "  the  monumental  city."  It 
has  also  the  first  monument  erected  to  Columbus  in  the 
United  States  (nearlj'  a  hundred  years  ago).  A  shot-tower, 
246  feet  high,  is  a  very  conspicuous  object.  The  city  court- 
house, the  exchange,  the  athenseum,  the  new  post-ofllce,  the 
United  States  court-house,  the  building  of  the  Maryland 
Institute  and  that  of  the  Peabody  Institute,  as  well  as  some 
of  the  railway  stations  and  newspaper  buildings,  are  archi- 
tectural works  of  great  elegance  and  magnitude.    With  \t» 


i 


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I 

i^^e  "  city  of  churches."  Clifton,  within  the  city  limits,  is 
the  prospective  site  of  the  richly-endowed  Johns  Hopkins 
University  and  Hospital,  although  the  present  university 
buildings  are  on  N.  Howard  Street  and  the  hospital  on 
N.  Broadway.  With  the  Peabody  Institute  are  connected 
an  art  academy  and  a  conservatory  of  music.  Other  insti- 
tutions are  Loyola  College,  St.  Mary's  College  and  Semi- 
nary, law  and  medical  schools  connected  with  the  University 
of  Maryland,  and  a  large  number  of  public  and  private 
schools  of  every  grade.  More  than  20  periodicals  are  issued 
here,  including  7  daily  newspapers.  Among  the  numerous 
charitable  institutions  are  three  asylums  for  the  insane;  the 
Baltimore  Infirmary ;  a  state  institution  for  the  blind,  one 
for  deaf-mutes,  and  one  also  for  the  colored  blind ;  twelve  or 
more  Catholic  orphanages,  asylums,  and  hospitals ;  several 
Protestant  and  non-denominational  hospitals  and  orphans' 
homes;  an  aged  women's  home  (with  a  fine  building);  a 
home  for  old  men  ;  a  home  of  the  friendless;  a  state  peni- 
tentiary; a  jail;  a  house  of  refuge,  &o.  Among  the  public 
schools  are  the  Baltimore  City  College  (male  high  school),  a 
state  normal  school,  two  female  high  schools,  a  manual 
training  school  (the  first  in  the  United  States),  and  40 
grammar  schools.  Boys  and  girls  are  instructed  separately, 
and  distinct  schools  are  also  maintained  for  colored  children. 
The  water-supply  is  ample.  The  ordinary  supply  of  water 
comes  from  Lake  Roland,  2  miles  distant,  and  is  supple- 
mented, by  water  brought  through  an  expensive  aqueduct 
from  Gunpowder  River.  Among  the  parks,  that  of  Druid 
Hill,  containing  700  acres,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city,  is 
especially  fine.  Patterson's  Park  in  the  E.,  and  Riverside 
Park  in  the  S.  part  of  the  city,  are  also  noteworthy.  There 
are  several  suburban  cemeteries,  of  which  that  at  Green- 
mount  is  the  largest. 

The  leading  industrial  enterprises  are  the  packing  of 
fruits  and  oysters,  and  the  manufacture  of  boots,  shoes,  cot- 
ton goods,  flour,  fertilizers,  bricks,  machinery,  and  metallic 
wares.     Ship-building  is  also  carried  on. 

The  export  trade  of  Baltimore,  both  foreign  and  coast- 
wise, is  very  great.  The  grain  trade  with  Europe  is  of 
first  importance;  but  naval  stores,  cotton,  provisions,  Ac, 
are  also  extensively  shipped.  The  imports  are  chiefly 
European  manufactured  goods  and  West  Indian  and  South 
American  products.  Baltimore  has  long  been  the  leading 
American  port  in  the  importation  of  guano,  and  in  the 
cofi'ee  trade  it  is  especially  prominent.  Steamship  lines 
connect  Baltimore  with  Liverpool,  Bremen,  and  the  prin- 
cipal domestic  ports. 

There  were,  in  1892,  in  Baltimore,  22  national  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $1.8,243,260  and  a  circulation  of 
$1,031,800,  besides  which  there  were  5  state  banks  with  a 
capital  of  $1,128,150.  Baltimore  has  about  20  insurance 
companies,  including  life,  fire,  and  marine  companies. 

Baltimore  was  founded  in  1730,  and  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1797.  The  bombardment  of  Fort  McHenry  by  the 
British,  and  the  battle  of  North  Point,  where  the  citizens 
of  Baltimore  repelled  the  British  advance,  were  important 
events  of  the  war  of  1812-15.  Baltimore  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop,  the  titular  primate  of  the  United  States. 
In  1770  the  population  was  13,603;  in  1800,  26,514;  in 
1810,  ;^5,538;  in  1820,  62,738;  in  1830,  80,625;  in  1840, 
102,313;  in  1850,  169,054;  in  1860,  212,418;  in  1870, 
267,354;  in  1880,  332,313;  in  1890,  434,439. 

"  The  Belt,"  formerly  a  portion  of  Baltimore  oo.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  city,  two  miles  in  extent  N.  and  one  mile  in 
width  to  the  W.,  was  annexed  in  1888. 

Baltimore^  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  40  miles 
W.S.  W.  of  Lansing,  and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hastings.   It  con- 
tains the  post-hamlet  of  Dowling.    Pop.  of  township,  1266. 
Ualtimore,  a  hamlet  of  Cortland  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Preble 
township,  i  mile  from  Preble  Station. 

Baltimore,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  on  the  Ohio  A  Erie  Canal,  about  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Lancaster.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  flouring-mills. 
PoT).  489. 
Baltimore,  Montgomery  oo.,  0.  See  West  Baltimore. 
Baltimore,  a  township  of  Windsor  oo.,  Vt.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Gassett's  Station.     Pop.  83. 

Baltimore,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cobourg.  It  contains  carding- 
and  grist-mills,  a  woollen -factory,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  600. 

Baltinglass,  bawlt-ing-glass',  a  town  of  Ireland,  coa. 
of  Wicklow  and  Carlow,  on  the  Slaney,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Carlow.     Pop.  1241. 
Baltiaue,  the  French  for  Baltic. 


679 


BAM 


Bal'trum,  a  small  low  island  of  Prussia,  in  theGermaa 
Ocean,  3i  miles  from  the  coast.     Pop.  178. 

Baltshik,  Baltchik,  or  Baltschik,  b&lt^sheek', 
written  also  Baldshik  and  Baldjik,  b&rjeek',  a  town  of 
Bulgaria,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Varna,  on  the  Black  Sea,  near 
the  ruins  of  Tomi,  the  plaoe  of  Ovid's  exile.     Pop.  6000. 

Ba'lu,  an  island  of  British  Burmah,  Gulf  of  Martaban, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Salwin.  It  is  17  miles  long  and  8  broad. 
Baluchistan,  a  country  of  Asia.  See  Beloochistan. 
Balu-Kissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.  See  Balikesr. 
Balvano,  bil-vi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15 
miles  W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3739. 

Balvash'  (or  Foolvash')  Bay,  Isle  of  Man,  at  the 
S.  end  of  the  island,  affords  good  anchorage  and  shelter. 

Balzola,  b41-zo'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Casale,  with  a  hospital.     Pop.  2992. 

Bam,  Bahm,  or  Bamm,  b|m,  a  fortified  town  of 
Persia,  in  Kerman,  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Kerman,  and  S.  of 
the  Kermanian  desert.     Pop.  8000. 

Bam'ba,  a  considerable  town,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  in  Congo,  Africa,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ambriz.  The  province  has  mines  of  salt,  silver,  copper, 
lead,  and  iron. 

Bambarra,  bam-b&r'ra,  a  state  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Soodan,  mostly  between  lat.  12°  and  14°  N.  and  Ion.  5° 
and  9°  W.,  having  on  the  S.  the  Mandingo  country,  and 
elsewhere  Kaarta,  Beeroo,  and  other  states.  The  surface  is 
mostly  a  level  table-land,  traversed  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  by 
the  Niger,  on  which  are  its  principal  towns,  Sego,  Sansan- 
ding,  Yamina,  and  Bammakoo.  The  heat  is  intense.  The 
rainy  season  Isists  from  June  to  November.  The  shea  or 
butter-tree,  bombax  or  cotton-tree,  baobab,  oil-palm,  date, 
tamarind,  &o.,  are  indigenous ;  maize,  millet,  rice,  and  cas- 
sava yield  two  crops  a  year.  The  Bambarras  are  negroes 
of  the  Mandingo  race,  and  tolerably  advanced  in  agricul- 
ture :  they  spin  and  dye,  work  in  iron  and  gold,  manufac- 
ture leather,  and  carry  on  trade,  exporting  iron,  cloths, 
ivory,  slaves,  and  grain,  and  importing  salt,  hardware, 
arms,  and  cotton  goods.  The  government  is  oligarchical. 
Three-fourths  of  the  population  are  slaves  and  pagans,  but 
the  upper  classes  profess  Mohammedanism. 

Bambarra,  a  town  of  the  Soodan,  Africa,  on  a  back- 
water of  the  Niger,  116  miles  S.S.W.  of  Timbnctoo.  It  has 
an  important  trade. 

Bambecque,  b5M^b4k',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  arrondissement  of  Dunkerque.  Pop.  1014. 
Bam'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Lacey 
township,  on  the  Tuckerton  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Tucker- 
ton.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  cranberry  bogs. 
Bamberg,  bam'b§rg  (Ger.  pron.  bim'bfiRo),  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  Upper  Franconia,  and  an  important  railway  junc- 
tion, 33  miles  N.  of  Nuremberg,  is  beautifully  situated  at 
the  foot  of  a  range  clothed  with  orchards  and  vineyards, 
and  traversed  by  the  Regnitz,  the  branches  of  which  divide 
the  town  into  three  districts.  The  communication  between 
these  districts  is  maintained  by  bridges.  The  town  is  partly 
surrounded  by  walls.  Its  handsome  houses,  spacious  and 
well-lighted  streets,  with  the  pleasant  walks  and  the  gar- 
dens of  the  environs,  make  it  one  of  the  finest  towns  in  Ba- 
varia. Among  the  public  buildings  of  note  are  the  Dom 
Kirche  or  cathedral,  a  fine  structure  in  the  Byzantine  style, 
founded  in  1004,  and  containing,  among  other  interesting 
monuments,  the  curious  and  richly  sculptured  tomb  of  Henry 
II.  and  his  empress,  Cunigunda ;  the  church  of  St.  James, 
founded  in  1073;  the  upper  parish  church,  or  St.  Mary's, 
a  handsome  Gothio  building  of  a  quadrangular  form ;  the 
church  of  St.  Martin's,  a  massive  structure,  in  which  beauty 
and  grandeur  are  happily  combined,  and  to  which  is  at 
tached  a  library  rich  in  manuscripts ;  the  old  Benedictine 
monastery,  now  converted  into  a  workhouse ;  the  old  palace 
of  the  bishops  of  Bamberg;  the  theatre,  the  town  hall, 
a  lyceum,  a  normal  school,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  draw- 
ing academy,  a  royal  library  containing  160,000  bound 
volumes,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  a  cabinet  of  natural 
and  experimental  philosophy,  surgical,  anatomical,  and 
other  medical  schools,  the  general  infirmary,  and  a  lunatio 
asylum.  The  principal  manufactures  of  the  town  are  of 
beer,  porcelain,  gloves,  jewelry,  wax,  tobacco,  starch,  mu- 
sical instruments,  marble  wares,  &c.  Large  quantities  of 
garden-seeds  and  of  liquorice  are  raised  in  the  vicinity. 
Pop.-in  1885,  31,418;  in  1890,  36,815. 

Bam'berg,  a  post-village  in  Bamberg  township,  Bam- 
well  CO.,  S.C,  74  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  <fcc.     Pop.  696 ;  of  the  township,  3881. 
Bam'berg,  or  Wei'mer,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo 
CO.,  Ontario,  7  miles  from  Petersburg.     Pop.  160. 
Bam^boo',  a  post-office  of  Watauga  oo.,  N.C 


BAM 


580 


BAN 


Bambook,  Bambonk,  or  Bambuk,  bim-book',  a 
country  of  Africa,  in  the  angle  formed  by  the  Falemg  and 
the  Senegal,  S.  of  the  latter  river,  E.  of  Bondoo,  and  N.  of 
Wooli  and  Dentila,  between  lat.  12°  30'  and  14°  30'  N,,  and 
between  Ion.  10°  30'  16"  and  12°  15'  W.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
about  140  miles  in  length,  by  80  to  100  in  breadth.  It  is 
mountainous,  the  higher  regions  being  sterile,  but  the  val- 
leys and  plains  are  remarkable  for  their  fertility,  and  for 
the  exuberance  of  their  vegetation.  The  enormous  baobab, 
the  calabash,  and  the  tamarind,  with  a  great  variety  of 
acacias  and  palm  trees,  all  reach  here  the  utmost  limits  of 
their  growth  and  fruitfulness.  The  soil  produces  likewise 
in  abundance,  and  almost  without  culture,  maize,  millet,  cot- 
ton, watermelons,  Ac.  The  lowlands  yield  large  crops  of 
rice.  Immense  herds  of  wild  oxen  rove  through  the  forests 
and  plains.  Lions  and  elephants  are  also  numerous,  while 
the  rivers  swarm  with  crocodiles.  But  the  most  remarkable 
feature  of  Bambook  is  its  rich  iron-  and  gold-mines.  Bam- 
book is  densely  peopled.  The  natives  are  Mandingoes, 
professedly  Mohammedans,  and  though  formerly  consid- 
ered cruel  and  ferocious,  are  now  said  to  be  of  peaceful 
habits,  good  elephant  hunters,  and  excelleut  gold  miners. 
Bambook  was  at  one  time,  during  the  fifteenth  century,  in 
the  possession  of  the  Portuguese;  and  the  French  have  now 
several  commercial  stations  in  the  country,  and  claim  a  kind 
of  suzerainty  over  the  native  chiefs.     Pop.  about  800,000. 

Bamboora^  b&m-boo'r&,  a  ruined  city  of  Sinde,  in  lat. 
24°  40'  N.,  Ion.  67°  41'  E.,  bearing  traces  of  former  im- 
portance, and  supposed  to  have  been  identical  with  Brah- 
minabad,  the  capital  of  a  kingdom  in  the  tenth  century. 

Bamborough^bam'biir-riih,  or  Bambrongh,  bam'- 
brfih,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  IS  miles 
S.E.  of  Berwick.  Bamborough  Castle,  founded  about  a.d. 
bb4,  stands  on  a  high  rock  projecting  into  the  North  Sea. 
Pop.  of  village,  320 ;  of  parish,  3751. 

BamiT,  a  town  of  Scotland.     See  Banff. 

Bam^gurh',  or  Bham^garh',  a  town  of  the  Nimar 
district,  India,  8  miles  E.  of  Khundwa.     Pop.  8800. 

Bamian,  b&^mee^&n',  Bamigan,  or  Baumeean,  a 
famous  valley  and  pass  of  Afghanistan,  leading  into  Khoon- 
dooz,  between  the  Hindoo-Koosh  range  and  Paropamisan 
Mountains.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  48'  E,  Greatest  ele- 
vation of  pass,  8496  feet.  The  whole  valley  is  strewed  with 
the  ruins  of  the  city  of  Bamian  or  Gulgula,  destroyed  by  the 
Mongols  under  Jenghis  Khan  in  1222. 

BammakoOy  b&m-m2,-koo',  a  town  of  Africa,  state  of 
Bambarra,  on  the  Niger,  145  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sego. 

Bamoo,  a  town  of  Burmah.     See  Bhaho. 

Bampoora,  Hindostan.    See  Bhanpoora. 

Bamp'ton,  or  Bathamp'ton,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  6  miles  N.  of  Tiverton.     Pop.  1111. 

Bam'ra,  a  native  state  of  India,  bounded  E.  by  the 
Cuttack  Mehals,  and  enclosed  on  all  sides  by  other  petty 
states.    Area,  1988  square  miles.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Ban,  bin,  or  Banovitz,  bin-o-vits',  a  town  of  North- 
em  Hungary,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Trentschin.     Pop.  2500. 

Banaganpilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Banganapilly. 

Banagher,  ban'a-ner,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  on 
the  Shannon,  21  mile's  "W.S.W.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  1206. 

Bafiak  Islands.    See  Baniak  Islands. 

Banalbufar,  bin^yil-boo-faR',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Majorca,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Palma.     Pop.  533. 

Banal-MiIit£Lrgrenze,  bi'nil  me-le-taiR^grfint's^h, 
a  division  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Croatia,  between  the  rivers 
Save,  Kulpa,  and  Una.    Area,  800  square  miles. 

Banam,  bi^nim',  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  in  Ana- 
tolia, 26  miles  S.E.  of  Angora. 

Banana,  ba-ni'na,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

Banana,  a  port  of  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Congo, 
near  its  mouth,  has  English,  French,  and  Dutch  commer- 
cial factories.     Steamers  ply  from  Rotterdam  to  this  place. 

Banana  (bi-ni'ni)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
N.W.  of  Africa,  off  Sierra  Leone,  near  Cape  Shilling.  Lat. 
8°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  11'  42"  W. 

Banana!,  ba,-n&-n&l',  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao 
Paulo,  and  on  the  road  from  Sao  Paulo  to  Rio  Janeiro,  near 
the  Parahiba  do  Sul. 

Bananal,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
on  the  Bananal,  an  affluent  of  the  Parahiba  do  Sul. 

Bananal,  New  Beira  {hi'e-ri),  or  Santa  Anna, 
a  large  river-island  of  Brazil,  formed  by  the  River  Araguay, 
in  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  is  200  miles  long  by  about 
35  broad,  covered  with  vast  forests,  and  has  in  its  centre  a 
navigable  lake  said  to  be  about  90  miles  long  by  30  miles 
broad.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile.  The  name  Bananal 
was  given  it  from  the  remarkable  increase  in  the  banana- 
trees  planted  there  by  the  discoverers  in  1773. 


Banara,  bi-ni'ri,  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of 
Laristan,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lar. 

Banas-Chai,  bin'&s-chi',  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
Anatolia,  flows  S.W.  to  the  Mender  (anc.  Msean'der),  which 
it  joins  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ala-Shehr.     Length,  70  miles. 

Banat,bi-nit'  (Ger.  Banater  Grenze,  bi-ni'ter  grfint'- 
s^h),  a  region  of  Hungary,  consisting  of  the  counties  of 
Temesvar,  Torontal,  and  Krasso,  and  two  military  districts, 
called  the  German  Banat  and  the  Wallacho-Illyrian  Banat. 
Greatest  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  120  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
from  N.  to  S.,  98  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Danube,  Theiss, 
and  Maros  on  all  sides  except  the  E.,  where  it  becomes  hilly. 
The  other  rivers  are  the  Temes,  the  Nera,  the  Karasch,  and 
the  Alt  Bega,  so  called  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Neu  Bega, 
a  canal  about  85  miles  long,  and  wholly  within  the  province. 
The  Banat  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  districts  in  Europe. 
Its  wheat  has  long  been  famous  for  quantity  and  excellence. 
The  vine  is  extensively  planted,  and  great  attention  is  paid 
to  the  rearing  of  silk.  Good  cotton  also  is  grown.  Coal  is 
the  principal  mineral,  but  iron,  copper,  lead,  Ac,  are  found. 
Though  called  a  banat,  it  is  said  that  this  region  never  was 
ruled  by  a  ban.  Chief  town,  Temesvar.  Pop.  about  1,500,000. 

Banat-Koml08,b5h^n6t'-k6mM6sh',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Torontal,  37  miles  S.E.of  Szegedin.    Pop.  5715. 

Banawaram,  bi-ni-war-4m',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Mysore  dominion,  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seringapatam. 

Ban'bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  the 
Upper  Bann,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dromore.  It  is  a 
principal  seat  of  the  linen  trade,  and  has  extensive  cloth- 
and  thread-factories,  chemical  works,  &c.     Pop.  5600. 

Banbury,  ban'b^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford, 
21  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Oxford.  It  is  remarkably  neat  and 
clean,  has  a  large  church,  built  in  imitation  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  a  scientific  school,  several  foundries  and  brew- 
eries, and  is  a  railway  junction.  Banbury  has  long  been 
not«d  for  cakes  which  bear  its  name.     Pop.  4122. 

Banca,  Banka,  or  Bangka,  bang'ka,  an  island  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  be- 
tween Sumatra  and  Borneo.  It  is  about  108  miles  long  by 
64  broad  at  its  N.  end,  the  broadest  part ;  area,  4340  square 
miles.  It  has  several  bays,  of  which  the  most  important 
are  Mintow  and  Claba.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  higher 
hills  are  of  granite,  the  lower  of  red  ferruginous  earth.  In 
alluvium  between  these  latter  are  found  the  tin  deposits, 
discovered  first  in  1710,  and  rarely  more  than  25  feet  below 
the  surface.  Only  a  small  portion  of  the  island,  in  the  N. 
end,  near  the  capital,  Mintow  or  Mintao,  has  yet  been  ex- 
plored for  this  metal,  the  yield  of  which  is  about  4000  tons 
annually.  The  Banca  tin  is  the  best  in  the  world.  Besides 
this  metal,  the  island  yields  iron,  lead,  feldspar,  copper, 
silver,  and  arsenic,  rock-crystal,  amethyst,  and  lignite. 
Among  the  vegetable  productions  may  be  named  dragon's- 
blood,  nutmegs,  benzoin,  sago,  Ac.  Banca  is  inhabited  by 
Malays,  Chinese,  &c.     Pop.  54,339. 

Banca,  a  small  island  group  at  the  N.E.  point  of  Cel- 
ebes, separated  from  that  island  by  a  narrow  strait.  The 
largest  island,  whence  the  group  takes  its  name,  is  in  lat. 
(E.  point)  1°  43'  S.,  Ion.  125°  12'  E. 

Bancalaan,  bin-ki-lin',  a  small  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Palawan.  Lat.  8°  15' 
N. ;  Ion.  117°  18'  E. 

Bancal'is,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies,  in  a  small  group 
oflF  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sumatra.  It  is  low  and  densely  wooded. 
Length,  35  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Bancallan,  a  town  of  Madura.    See  Bankalan. 

Bancapoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bankapoor. 

Ban'ca  Strait,  between  the  islands  of  Banca  and 
Sumatra,  varies  from  8  to  20  miles  in  breadth. 

Bance  (banss)  Island,  a  small  fortified  island  in  th« 
estuary  of  the  Sierra  Leone  River,  Western  Africa. 

Bancoorah,  or  Bankura,  ban-koo'rah,  a  district 
of  India,  in  Bengal,  with  Burdwan  on  the  E.,  and  Man 
bhoom  on  the  W.  Capital,  Bancoorah.  Area,  1338  square 
miles.     Pop.  522,772. 

Bancoorah,  or  Bankura,  the  capital  of  the  above 
district,  is  on  the  river  Dhalkisor,  55  miles  W.  of  Burdwan. 
It  has  a  church,  public  library,  dispensary,  court-houses, 
and  government  school.     Pop.  16,794. 

Bancoot',  or  Fort  Victo'ria,  a  town  and  fort  of 
British  India,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Bancoot  River.     It  has  a  small  harbor. 

Ban'croft,  a  post-town  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Algona.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  657. 

Bancroft,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Mattawamkeag  River.  Bancroft  Station  is  79  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bangor.     Pop.  of  the  township,  177. 


i. 


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Bancroft,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Bancroft,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette  &  Isbpeming  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Marquette. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  642. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Cuming  co.,  Neb.,  77  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  26 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Huron.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ban'da,  or  Ban'dah,  a  district  of  the  Allahabad  di- 
vision, North-West  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  24°  69' 
15"-25°  55'  30"  N.j  Ion.  80°  2'  45"-81°  38'  E.  Area,  3030 
square  miles.  The  river  Jumna  washes  its  N.  boundary. 
Capital,  Banda.     Pop.  697,610. 

Banda,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Banda  district,  95 
miles  W.  of  Allahabad,  on  the  river  Cane  or  Ken.  It  is 
ill  built,  with  a  spacious  palace  for  the  nawib.  The  town 
has  a  great  trade  in  cotton.     Pop.  27,573. 

Banda  (bin'dS,)  Isles,  a  group  of  twelve  small  but 
important  islands  in  the  Molucca  Archipelago,  belonging 
to  the  Dutch,  50  miles  S.  of  Ceram.  Lat.  4°  30'  S. ;  Ion. 
129°  50'  E.  They  are  all  lofty  and  volcanic,  and  the  four 
larger  are  appropriated  to  the  production  of  nutmegs  and 
mace,  700,000  pounds  of  the  former  and  250,000  pounds  of 
the  latter  being  produced  annually.  The  harbor  lies  N.  of 
the  island  of  Great  Banda,  and  between  it  and  the  islands 
of  Banda  Nera  and  Goonong  Apee.  It  is  defended  by  sev- 
eral forts.  On  the  former  of  these  islands  is  the  governor's 
residence,  and  the  small  town  of  the  same  name,  the  houses 
in  which  are  chiefly  of  wood,  and  roofed  with  leaves,  on 
account  of  the  earthquakes  to  which  the  group  is  subject. 
The  island  of  Goonong  Apee  rises  7880  feet  above  the  sea, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  active  volcanoes  in  the  Archipelago. 
Pop.  of  Banda  residency,  111,194. 

Banda  Oriental.    See  Uruguay. 

Banda  Sea,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  space  of 
sea  enclosed  by  the  islands  of  Booro  and  Ceram  on  the  N., 
Timor  and  the  Serawatty  Islands  on  the  S.,  Timor  Laut, 
Larat,  and  other  small  islands  on  the  E.,  and  the  Flores 
Sea  on  the  W. 

Band'ed  Peak,  or  Monnt  Hes'perns,  a  peak  of 
the  San  Juan  Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  Colorado.  Alti- 
tude, 12,860  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  composed  mainly 
of  volcanic  rooks,  trachyte,  and  shale. 

Ban-de-la-Roche,  bfiif-d^h-ia-rosh',  or  Stein- 
thal ,  stin'til,  a  valley  of  Alsace,  in  the  Vosges  Mountains, 
the  scene  of  Oberlin's  labors.  At  the  entrance  to  the  valley, 
in  the  village  of  Fonday,  is  the  tomb  of  Oberlin. 

Bander,  a  port  or  anchorage.    See  Buitder. 

Bandera,  bin-di'rS,,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  970  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Medina  River,  the  valley  of  which  is  said  to  be  15 
miles  wide.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  partly  product- 
ive. Cattle,  sheep,  Indian  com,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Bandera.  Pop.  in  1870,  649;  in  1880, 
2168;  in  1890,  3782. 

Bandera,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bandera  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Medina  River,  45  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  a  church.  Near  here  are  curious  water-worn  gullys, 
gulches,  and  labyrinthine  caves  in  the  limestone  formation. 

Banditti  (ban-dit'tee)  Isle,  Malay  Archipelago,  in 
the  strait  between  Lombok  and  Bali,  20  miles  in  circum- 
ference.    Lat.  8°  50'  N.;  Ion.  116°  30'  E. 

Bandols,  b6N»Mol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1814. 

Bandon,  ban'dgn,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  rises 
near  Dunmanway,  and  flows  S.E.  to  the  Atlantic,  forming 
the  harbor  of  Kinsale.     Length,  40  miles. 

Ban'don,  or  Ban'donbridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cork,  on  both  banks  of  the  Bandon, 
a  beautiful  stream.  It  has  a  court-house,  savings-bank, 
hospital,  bridewell,  barracks,  schools,  and  manufactures. 
Pop.  6074. 

Bandon,  a  post-town  and  seaport  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Coquille  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Emnire  City.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Ban^dong',  a  town  of  the  East  Indies,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Java.     Near  it  is  the  volcano  of  Goontoor. 

Banec,  or  Bannec,  bin^nSk',  an  island  of  France, 
department  of  FinistSre,  between  Ushant  and  the  mainland. 


Banela,  a  village  of  Mississippi.    See  BsinsLA. 

Ba&eras,  b&n-yi'r&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  miles  N.W 
of  Alicante,  with  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  2300. 

Ba&eza,  or  La  Bafieza,  li.  b&n-y&'thi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Leon.     Pop.  2830. 

Banff,  bamf,  or  Banffshire,  bamfshir,  a  maritime 
county  of  Scotland,  having  N.  Moray  Firth,  E.  and  S.  the 
county  of  Aberdeen,  and  W.  the  counties  of  Inverness  and 
Moray.  Area,  686  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous, except  on  the  coast,  where  it  is  level.  The  agriculture 
is  excellent,  and  the  soil  generally  good.  Cairngorm  Moun- 
tain, 4095  feet  in  height,  is  mostly  in  this  county.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Spey,  Avon,  and  Deveron.  Cattle-breeding  is 
the  principal  branch  of  rural  industry.  The  fisheries  are 
important.  Chief  towns,  Banff,  Cullen,  and  Portsoy.  This 
county  returns  one  member  to  parliament.     Pop.  64,167. 

Banff,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Bamff,  a 
town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Deve- 
ron' at  its  mouth  in  Moray  Firth,  38  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Aberdeen.  Lat.  of  pier,  67°  40'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  31'  5"  W. 
The  "  sea  town"  stands  on  an  abrupt  height  on  the  coast, 
the  "  inland  town"  on  the  river,  and  the  "  castle"  between 
the  two.  BanfT  is  well  built,  and  has  a  town  house,  jail, 
market-house,  grammar-school,  custom-house,  banks,  county 
buildings,  and  several  fine  churches.  A  bridge  over  the 
Deveron  unites  the  town  with  MacduflF.  Herrings,  salmon, 
cattle,  and  grain  are  shipped  hence.     Pop.  in  1891,  3871. 

Banffi-Hunyad,  banf'fee^-hoon^ySd',  atown  of  Tran- 
sylvania, 22  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.-of  Klausenburg.    P.  3283. 

Ban^gadu'ni,  a  coast  island  of  India,  one  of  the  Sun- 
derbunds  of  the  Ganges  delta,  between  the  rivers  Bangaduni 
and  Guasuba,  is  bounded  S.  by  the  sea  and  N.  by  a  navi- 
gable (ihannel. 

Ban^gall',  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stan- 
ford township,  on  the  New  York,  Boston  &  Montreal  and 
Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroads,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Pough- 
keepsie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bangalore,  bang^ga-lore',  a  city  in  Southern  India, 
capital  of  Mysore,  on  a  table-land  nearly  8000  feet  in  eleva- 
tion, 70  miles  N.E.  of  Seringapatam.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  fine  public  buildings,  a  college,  and  spacious 
gardens.  Owing  to  its  salubrity,  it  is  frequented  by  Euro- 
peans, and  is  furnished  with  many  European  shops,  with 
assembly-  and  reading-rooms,  and  good  barracks.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  of  silk  and  cotton  fabrics.  It  if 
connected  by  railway  with  Madras.     Pop.  191,300. 

Banganapilly,  b&ng-ga-na-pil'lee,  a  town  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  69  miles  S.S.E.  of  Adoni,  on  the  Sooroo. 

Bangaon,  b&ng^g&'5n,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  66  miles  N.W.  of  Boglipoor.  It  is  an  ancient 
town,  the  seat  of  native  learning.     Pop.  4682. 

Bangassi,  bing-gis'see,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africa, 
in  the  Mandingo  country,  near  the  Woolima  River. 

Bangermow,  or  Bangarmao,bang'9r-m5w\atown 
of  India,  in  Oude,  district  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Oona<v 
Lat.  26°  63'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  60'  E.     Pop.  7621. 

Bangey,  or  Bangavi.    See  Bongat. 

Bangil ,  bin-gheel',  a  town  of  Java,  23  miles  S.  of  Soeiit- 
baya,  having  good  houses  and  a  spacious  market-place. 

Bangka,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Banca. 

Bang^kok',  or  Bangkok',  a  city,  capital  of  Siam,  on 
the  Menam,  20  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  13°  38'  N. ;  Ion. 
100°  34'  E.  It  is  in  a  marshy  region,  but  is  generally 
healthy,  except  in  March,  April,  and  May.  Steamers  ply 
hence  to  Singapore  and  Hong-Kong.  Many  of  the  houses 
are  of  wood,  and  stand  on  posts ;  and  many  others  are  built 
upon  rafts,  a  single  raft  often  having  eight  or  ten  houses 
upon  it.  That  part  of  the  town  where  the  king  and  court 
dwell  is  walled  and  is  lighted  with  gas.  Some  of  the  creeks 
are  crossed  by  iron  bridges.  Here  are  Baptist,  Catholic,  and 
Presbyterian  missions  and  schools.  Two  newspapers  aro 
issued,  one  in  English  and  one  in  Siamese.  Tinware, 
bricks,  tiles,  mats,  and  fire-crackers  are  largely  manufac- 
tured. Sugar,  pepper,  teak,  rice,  cardamoms,  tin,  ivory, 
cotton,  hides,  skins,  and  horns  are  exported.  Value  of  ex- 
ports in  1890  was  £3,209,621  ($16,500,000);  of  imports, 
£2,631,020  ($12,600,000).  Pop.  600,000,  two-fifths  Siamese, 
one-fifth  Chinese,  and  the  rest  Malays,  Burmese,  Laos,  Ac. 
There  is  a  United  States  minister  resident  and  consul-general 
at  Bangkok. 

Bangor,  bang'gh^r  ("white  choir"),  a  city  of  Carnar- 
vonshire, North  Wales,  at  the  head  of  Beaumaris  Bay,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Carnarvon.  It  is  at  a  railway  junction,  near 
the  Menai  Strait,  and  in  a  romantic  valley,  and  consists 
chiefly  of  one  narrow  street,  nearly  a  mile  in  length.  Tae 
cathedral  is  an  embattled,  cruciform  structure,  with  a  low, 
massive  tower ;  and  in  one  of  the  transents  service  is  cele- 


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brated  in  the  Welsh  tongue.  Bangor  has  an  episcopal 
palace  and  a  deanery,  a  free  school,  founded  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  almshouses,  a  town  hall,  assembly-rooms,  and 
excellent  accommodation  for  visitors,  many  of  whom  resort 
hither  for  sea-bathing.     It  has  a  trade  in  slates.     Pop.  9859. 

Bangor,  ban'gor,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  on  Belfast  Lough,  12  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Belfast. 
It  has  a  market-house,  savings-bank,  public  library,  cotton- 
factories,  Ac.     Pop.  2560. 

Ban'gor,  a  post-village  of  Blount  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Bir- 
mingham.    Here  is  Mulberry  College  (Baptist). 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Orovillei  It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel.  Pop.  about  300. 

Bangor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bangor 
township,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  public  school,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 619. 

Bangor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  68  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  steam 
grist-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  trade  in  lumber. 

Bangor,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  Penob- 
scot CO.,  Me.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Penobscot  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag,  about  60 
miles  from  the  ocean.  By  railroad  it  is  73  miles  N.E.  of 
Augusta,  138  miles  N.E.  of  Portland,  and  246  miles  from 
Boston.  Lat.  44°  48'  N.;  Ion.  68°  47'  W.  It  is  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Euro- 
pean &  North  American  Railway,  which  connects  it  with 
St.  John  in  New  Brunswick,  and  is  also  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Bucksport  &  Bangor  Railroad,  the  S.E.  terminus  of 
the  Piscataquis  Railroad,  and  the  N.W.  terminus  o£.  the 
Bangor  and  Bar  Harbor  Railroad.  A  bridge,  about  1300 
feet  long,  crossing  the  Penobscot  River,  connects  Bangor 
with  Brewer.  Bangor  is  the  third  city  in  the  state  in 
population,  being  exceeded  only  by  Portland  and  Lewiston. 
It  is  one  of  the  greatest  depots  of  lumber  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Penob  cot  River, 
which  traverses  extensive  forests  of  pine,  cedar,  spruce,  and 
hemlock.  Large  steamboats  and  ships  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  where  the  tide  rises  17  feet.  The  Kenduskeag 
River  here  affords  abundant  water-power,  which  is  employed 
in  numerous  mills.  Bangor  contains  a  granite  custom- 
house, which  cost  $201,755,  5  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  19  churches,  a  high  school,  2  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers,  first-class  hotels,  4  foundries  with  machine- 
shops,  4  furniture-factories,  several  steam  planing-mills, 
and  3  boot-  and  shoe-manufactories.  This  city  is  the  seat 
of  the  Bangor  Theological  Seminary  (Congregational), 
which  was  founded  in  1820  and  has  an  endowment  of 
$170,000  and  a  library  of  13,000  volumes.  Nearly  2000 
cargoes  of  lumber  are  shipped  here  during  the  season  of 
navigation.  The  average  quantity  of  lumber  exported  in 
a  year  is  about  200,000,000  feet.  Bangor  is  also  engaged 
in  foreign  commerce,  the  coast-trade,  and  ship- building. 
About  75  vessels,  principally  American,  clear  from  Bangor 
for  foreign  ports  annually,  and  about  250  vessels  engaged 
in  the  coast  trade,  nearly  one-half  of  which  are  steamers, 
enter  this  port.  The  number  of  vessels  enrolled,  registered, 
and  licensed  here  is  about  200,  with  a  tonnage  of  over 
30,000.  A  dam  built  across  the  Penobscot,  just  above  the 
city,  furnishes  water  for  the  Holly  system  of  water-works 
which  supplies  the  city,  and  also  for  the  great  motive-power 
of  its  mills.  These  works  and  the  dam  cost  $500,000,  Pop. 
in  1840,  8627 ;  in  1850,  14,432 ;  in  1860,  16,407  ;  in  1870. 
18,289;  in  1880,  16,856;  in  1890,  19,103. 

Bangor,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay, 
at  the  mouth  of  Saginaw  River.  Pop.  4892.  It  contains 
villages  named  Banks  and  West  Bay  City. 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Benton  Harbor,  and  28  miles 
W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  graded 
schools,  a  newspaper  ofBce,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  904 ;  of  township,  2384. 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bangor 
township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Malone,  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad 
(Bangor  Station),  and  contains  the  village  of  North  Bangor. 
It  has  6  starch-factories,  5  creameries  or  butter-factories, 
and  4  churches.     Pop.  2271. 

Bangor,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Easton.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  bank,  and 
16  slate-quarries,  2  slate  mantel-works,  and  3  slate-mills, 
a  part  of  the  product  of  which  is  exported  from  Bangor  to 
Europe.  Pop.  in  1890,  2509. 
Bangor,  York  oo.,  Pa.    See  West  Bangob. 


Bangor,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walworth  co.,  S.D.. 
77  miles  W.  of  Aberdeen,  and  about  15  miles  E.  of  the 
Missouri  River.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  oflfices,  a 
private  bank,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  i  mile 
S.  of  the  La  Crosse  River,  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Crosse, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroads.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  Swiss  cheese-factory 
and  creamery,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  499. 

Bangor,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles 
from  Whitby.     Pop.  100. 

Bang-pa-Kung,  bing-pl-kung',  a  river  of  Siam, 
rises  in  the  mountains  which  separate  Siam  from  Cambodia, 
and  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     Length,  200  miles. 

Bang-pa-So,  bing-pi-sS',  a  town  of  Siam,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Bang-pa-Kung,  lat.  13°  30'  N.,  Ion.  101°  13' 
E.,  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bangkok.     Pop.  3500. 

Bangs,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty  town- 
ship, on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Rail- 
road, about  40  miles  from  Columbus.  It  has  a  church.  The 
county  infirmary  is  located  here. 

Banguey,  b6ng-gi',  or  Bangui,  an  island  off  the  N. 
extremity  of  Borneo.     Lat.  7°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  117°  6'  E. 

Bang^weo'Io,  or  Bem'ba,  a  great  lake  of  Africa, 
about  lat.  11°-12°  S.  and  Ion.  27°  30'-30°  E.  It  is  150 
miles  long  from  E.  to  W.,  is  elevated  about  4000  feet,  and 
discharges  its  waters  through  the  river  Luapula,  one  of  the 
head-streams  of  the  Congo.  It  was  discovered  by  Living- 
stone in  1S6S. 

Banho,  b&n'yo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1278. 

Baniak  (b&-ne-&k')  Islands,  a  group  off  the  W.  coa.st 
of  Sumatra,  in  lat.  2°  20'  N.,  Ion.  96°  40'  E. 

Banialooka,  Banialouka,  Baiijaluka,  or 
Bagna-Luka,  bin-y&-loo'k3,,  a  fortified  town  of  Europe, 
in  Bosnia,  on  the  Verbas,  64  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Novi. 
It  has  many  mosques,  schools,  baths,  and  bazaars,  and 
manufactures  of  gunpowder  and  cloth.  Pop.  15,000. 
Banias,  a  village  of  Palestine.  See  Paneas. 
Banias,  bi'ne-4s,  a  village  of  Syria,  52  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Tripoli,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

Banilla,  b&-neel'l&,  two  towns  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina, 
one  called  Moldavian  Banilla,  pop.  2549,  the  other  Russian 
Banilla,  pop.  3625;  the  one  31  miles  S.W.  and  the  other  33 
miles  W.  of  Czernowitz. 

Ban'ister,  a  river  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  rises  in 
Pittsylvania  co.,  and,  flowing  in  a  southeasterly  course,  en- 
ters the  Dan  River  in  HaliJFax  co.,  about  10  miles  below 
Halifax  Court-House. 
Banister,  Virginia.  See  Halifax  Court-House. 
Banjaluka,  a  town  of  Turkey.  See  Banialooka. 
Banjermassin,  Bandjermassin,  Baiyarma- 
sin,  bCn-j§r-mS,ss'in,  Banjermassing,  or  Bandjer- 
massiug,  bS,n-j§r-mS,ss'ing,  written  also  Bandjer  and 
Bandermassin,  a  Dutch  possession  in  the  S.E.  of  Borneo. 
It  is  intersected  from  N,  to  S.  by  a  range  of  mountains,  some 
of  which  are  upwards  of  3000  feet  in  elevation,  and  watered 
by  several  large  streams.  The  inhabitants  of  Banjermassin 
are  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  arms,  guns, 
pistols,  swords,  Ac,  which  are  finished  in  the  most  elaborate 
style.  The  iron  of  Doussen  (so  called  from  the  river  of 
the  same  name)  is  employed  in  the  manufacture,  and  serves 
in  place  of  money  with  the  aborigines.  Excellent  coal  is 
extensively  worked  by  the  Netherlands  government.  Gold 
and  diamonds  are  obtained.  Pepper,  spices,  camphor,  rat- 
tans, gums,  wax,  and  edible  birds'-nests  are  exported.  The 
people  are  about  one-fifth  Mohammedan  Malays,  with  some 
Chinese,  and  four-fifths  Dyaks.     Pop.  about  600,000. 

Banjermassin,  or  Fort  Tatas,  in  Borneo,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  above,  is  on  the  river  Banjer,  15  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Lat.  3°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  37'  B.  Banjermassin  has 
an  extensive  trade  with  China.  The  port  is  not  accessible 
to  large  ships,  and  the  town  is  subject  to  floods:  hence  the 
houses  stand  very  generally  on  piles.     Pop.  30,000. 

Baiy  oemaas,  b&n^yoo^miss',  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East 
Indies,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Java.    Lat.  7°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  109° 
20'  E.     It  is  the  capital  of  Banjoemaas  residency.     Pop. 
9000 ;  of  the  residency,  692,039. 
Banjoewangi,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Banyuwangy. 
Banka,  ban^kS,',  or  Meng-ka,  a  town  of  Formosa,  on 
the  Tamsui  River,  12  miles  from  its  mouth.     At  its  suburb, 
Twatatai,  are  large  hongs,  stores,  tea-chest  manufactories, 
and  camphor-presses.     Its  port  is  at  Tamsui.     Pop.  30,000. 
Banka,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Banca. 
Bankalan,  bd,n^k44&n',  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East  In- 
dies, on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura,  15  miles  N. 


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of  Soerabaya)  in  Jara.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  small  state  of 
the  same  name,  and  the  seat  of  a  Dutch  vice-residency. 

Ban^kapoor',  a  town  of  the  Bombay  presidency,  India, 
district  and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Darwar.     Pop.  6400. 

Vankee,  or  Banki,  bang'kee,  a  small  tributary  state 
of  Orissa,  India,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mahanuddy.  It  is 
now  under  direct  British  control.  Area,  116  square  miles. 
Pop.  49,426.  Chief  town,  Bankee,  a  small  place,  lat,  20° 
21'  30"  N.,  Ion.  85°  33'  11"  B. 

Bankel,  bin'kfil',  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
at  the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Tolo,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Celebes ;  lat.  2°  20'  S.,  Ion.  122°  50'  E. 

Bank'ers,  a  post- village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mioh.,  in 
Cambria  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Sag- 
inaw Railroad,  94  miles  from  Detroit,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Hillsdale.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  <&c.  Much  grain  is 
shipped  here. 

Bank'head,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Bankipoor,  or  Bankipnr,  bang^ke-poor',  an  im- 
portant English  town  of  India,  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Patna 
Station,  and  immediately  adjoining  Patna.  It  has  a  jail, 
dispensary.  Catholic  college,  and  government  buildings. 

Bank  Lick,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kenton  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Cincinnati.     Here  is  a  church. 

Baiikok,  a  city  of  Siam.     See  Bangkok. 

Banks,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  359  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Broad  River,  a  branch  of  which  rises  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  partly  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  Ac. 
Branches  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  pass  along 
its  W.  border.  Capital,  Homer.  Pop.  in  1870,4973;  in 
1880,  7337;  in  1890,  8562. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  277. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  665. 
It  contains  Antrim  City. 

Banks,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bangor 
township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Saginaw  River,  nearly  oppo- 
site Bay  City.  It  is  contiguous  to  Wenona,  and  is  part  of 
West  Bay  City.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt, 
a  town  hall,  and  a  church. 

Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  in  Foster 
township,  on  Rice  Lake,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Banks,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  including  Au- 
denried  and  Tresckow,  coal-towns  of  the  Beaver  Meadow 
Basin.     Pop.  3982. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     Pop.  747. 

Banks'  Island,  a  large  island  of  British  Columbia,  in 
the  Princess  Royal  Group.  Lat.  of  centre,  53°  30'  N.  j  Ion. 
130°  W.     Length,  50  miles. 

Banks'  Islands,  a  group  of  17  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
lat.  14°  S.,  Ion.  169°  W. 

Banks'  Islands,  a  group  in  South  Australia,  in  Spen- 
cer's Gulf,  lat.  34°  30'  S.,  Ion.  136°  20'  E. 

Banks'  Land,  North  America,  in  the  Arctic,  lat.  74° 
N..  Ion.  116°  W.,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Melville  Island. 

Banks'  Peninsula,  in  New  Zealand,  on  Middle  Island, 
near  the  centre  of  its  E.  coast,  lat.  43°  40'  S.,  Ion.  173°  W. 
Length,  about  50  miles. 

Banks'  Strait,  between  Tasmania  and  the  Fumeaux 
Islands,  has  a  breadth  of  15  miles. 

Banks'ton,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
division  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  between  Co- 
lumbus and  Birmingham,  10  miles  E.  of  Fayette. 

Bankston,  a  post- village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
N.  of  Farley,  and  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Duraogo. 

Bankston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  co.,  Miss.,  about 
42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Banks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  CO.,  Conn.,  about 
13  miles  W.  of  Norwalk,  has  2  churches.  It  is  partly  in 
Greenwich  township  and  partly  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y. 

Banksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches. 

Banksville,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Little  Sawmill  Run  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Pittsburg. 

Banmo,  a  town  of  Burmah.     See  Bhamo. 

Bann,  or  Lower  Bann,  a  river  of  the  N.  of  Ireland, 
issues  from  Lough  Beg,  flows  N.N.W.  and  enters  the  ocean 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Portrush.     Length,  40  miles. 

Bann,  or  Upper  Bann,  a  river  of  the  N.  of  Ireland, 
rises  in  the  Mourne  Mountains,  flows  N.W.  through  the 
counties  of  Down  and  Armagh,  and  joins  Lough  Neagh. 

Banna,  bin'ni,  a  river  of  Southern  Guinea,  rises  about 
80  miles  from  the  coast,  and  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  3°  30'  S. 


Ban'nack  City,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  Head  co., 
Montana,  is  near  the  N.E,  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  near  the  source  of  the  Jefferson  River,  about  60  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Virginia  City.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place,  the  inhabitants  of  which  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  mining.     It  has  a  church. 

Bannalec,  b&n^n&Uik',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  FinistSre,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Quimperl6.     Pop.  4611. 

Bannec,  an  island  of  France.     See  Banec. 

Ban'nen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  3i 
miles  from  Belton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ban'ner,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  San  Diego 
co^Cal.,  about  46  miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Banner,  a  post-township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Peoria.     Pop.  1104. 

Banner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Wa-Keeney. 

Banner,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Water  Valley,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Holly  Springs. 
It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Banner,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 

Banner's  Elk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C,  40 
miles  N.  of  Morganton,  and  about  5  miles  from  Grandfather 
Mountain,  5807  feet  high.     It  has  a  grist  mill. 

Ban'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  ?o..  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Bannes,  b&nn,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
ArdSche,  arrondissement  of  LargentiSre.     Pop.  2044. 

Ban'ning,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  end  of  the  San  Gor- 
gonio  Flume,  80  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ban'ning's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Connellsville,  Pa. 

Ban'nockburn,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2i  miles 
S.  of  Stirling,  on  the  Bannock,  an  affluent  of  the  Forth. 
It  is  famous  for  the  great  victory  gained  here,  24th  June, 
1314,  by  the  Scots,  under  Bruce,  over  the  English,  com- 
manded by  Edward  II.     Pop.  2564. 

Ban'nockburn,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Moira,  40  miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Ban'nock  River,  Idaho,  runs  northward  in  Oneida 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  8  miles 
below  the  month  of  the  Port  Neuf  River. 

Bauolas,  bin-yo'lis,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles  N.  of 
Gerona.  It  has  mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  oil,  and  paper.     Pop.  4729. 

Baflos,bS,n'yoce  (i.e.,  "baths"),  forms  the  name,  or  part 
of  the  name,  of  numerous  towns  and  villages  in  Spain,  of 
which  the  following  are  the  most  important: 

Banos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  24  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2292. 

Banos  deCerrato,b&n'yocedithdR-n&'to,  or  Baftos 
de  Rio  Fisuerga,  bin'yoce  dk  ree'o  pe-swSa'gi,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Leon,  6  miles  S.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  400. 

Bafios  de  £bro,  b&n'yoce  di  i'bro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Old  Castile,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  460. 

Banovitz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ban.  * 

Banquete,  ban-kSh'te  (Sp.  pron.  b&n-k&'ti),  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Nueces  oo.,  Tex.,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Corpus 
Christi. 

Bdnsb&'rid,  Bansber'ia,  or  Bansbut'ty  (B^ns> 
bati),  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  river  Hoogly,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hoogly.  It  has  a  great  native  temple  and  a 
church,  and  is  a  seat  of  Sanscrit  learning.     Pop.  7861. 

Bans'da,  or  Bauns'da,  a  native  state  of  India, 
governed  by  a  rajah,  under  British  supervision.  Area, 
325  square  miles.  Pop.  32,154.  Its  capital,  Bansda,  is  45 
miles  S.E.  of  Surat. 

Bansdih,  bans'd^h,  or  Ban'si,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Bustee.     Pop.  6250. 

Banswara,  or  Banswarah,  b&n-sw&'r&,  a  town  of 
Hindostan,  capital  of  a  state,  110  miles  N.E.  of  Baroda. 
It  is  handsome,  and  has  a  large  fortress  and  several  temples. 

Banswara,  a  Rajpoot  tributary  state  of  India,  aoout 
lat.  23°  10'-23°  40'  N.,  Ion.  74°  2'-74°41'  E.,  45  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  33  miles  broad.  It  is  governed  by  a 
maharawal  and  his  feudal  chieftains,  under  British  pro- 
tection. Capital,  Banswara.  Area,  1440  square  miles. 
Pop.  144,000. 

Ban'ta,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Stockton.  It  has 
a  warehouse  for  grain,  a  hotel,  and  2  stores. 

Bantallan,  bin*tAl-lin',  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Philippines.  Lat.  11°  N. , 
Ion.  123°  20'  E. 

Bantam,   bftn^t&m',  a  residency  of  the  Dutch   East 


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Indies,  forming  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Java. 
Lat.  of  fort,  6°  1"  39"  S. ;  Ion.  106°  10'  41"  E.  It  is  divided 
into  3  regencies, — Ceram  (or  Strang),  Lebak,  and  Tjiringin, 
The  chief  products  are  rice,  pepper,  coffee,  sugar,  cotton, 
and  indigo.     Capital,  Sirang.     Pop.  607,386. 

Bantam,  an  old  and  celebrated  town  of  Java,  in  the 
province  of  Bantam,  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  bay  and 
river  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  6°  1'  S.,  Ion.  106°  10'  E.  The 
river  divides  into  three  arms,  the  centre  one  of  which  passes 
through  the  town,  the  other  two  bounding  it  right  and  left. 
The  only  building  of  note  is  the  mosque  or  temple,  sur- 
rounded by  a  lofty  wall.  Bantam  is  one  of  the  oldest  and 
most  famous  towns  in  the  East,  and  at  one  time  was  the 

f)rincipal  mart  of  the  Dutch ;  but  its  trade  has  been  trans- 
erred  to  other  channels,  and  it  is  now  a  small  village. 

Ban'tam,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Shepaug  River,  near  Bantam  Lake,  and  on  the  Shepaug 
Kailroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  carriage-factory. 

Bantam,  a  post- village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Tate 
township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Banljar,  b&nt^yaR',  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  residency  of  Rembang.  It  has  a 
fine  port,  with  extensive  ship-building  docks. 

Bantry,  ban'tre,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Cork,  near  the  head  of  Bantry  Bay.   Pop.  2241. 

Ban'try  Bay,  a  large  bay  in  the  S.  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Cork,  extending  for  25  miles  inland.  Within  it  are  Bear 
and  Whiddy  Islands. 

Bantu,  b&n'too,  or  Ba-nta,  a  great  stock  or  group  of 
African  races  and  languages,  having  three  or  more  prin- 
cipal divisions,  namely,  the  eastern  branch,  including  the 
KafiFre  and  East  African  languages ;  the  central,  to  which 
belong  the  Bechuana  and  other  groups ;  and  the  western, 
comprising  the  numerous  languages  of  Lower  Guinea.  The 
Banta  languages  differ  much  from  the  true  negro  tongues ; 
but  many  of  the  tribes  employing  languages  of  Bantu  stock 
are  typical  negroes. 

Banu,  a  town  and  district  of  India.    See  Bunnoo. 

Ban'well,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  with 
a  fine  park  belonging  to  the  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  and 
a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Weston-super-Mare. 

Banya.    See  Felso-Banya  and  Nagt-Banya. 

Banyar-Massin,  Borneo.    See  Banjermassin. 

Banyuls  des  Aspres,bin-yul'  dize  ip'r,  a  commune 
of  France,  Pyr6n6e8-Orientales.  It  is  celeorated  for  the 
defence  which  its  inhabitants  made  in  1793,  when  attacked 
by  7000  Spaniards,  who  were  compelled  to  surrender. 

Banyuls-sur-Mer,  bin-yul'-siiR-maiR,  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  PyrSnles-Orientales,  with  a  fishing 
port  in  the  Mediterranean.  Near  it  are  four  ancient  towers, 
one  of  which  (the  Ban  de  Caroch)  marks  the  limit  between 
France  and  Spain.     Pop.  304. 

Banyuwangy,  or  Banjoewangi,  bln-yoo-w&ng'- 
ghee,  a  seaport  town  and  military  post  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Java,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  in  lat.  8°  13'  S.,  Ion. 
114°  26'  E.  It  is  a  handsome  place,  capital  of  a  sub- 
residency  or  province,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  Pop. 
8000;  of  Banyuwangy  province,  45,097. 

Banz,  bints,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Lich- 
tenfels,  on  the  Main,  with  a  palace. 

Banza,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Sax  Salvador. 

Ban-Zardah,  bin'zaR'di,  or  Kalahi-Yezdijird, 
kl^lA^hee'-yez'de-jerd',  a  strong  mountain  fortress  of  Per- 
sia, province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  in  Mount  Zagros,  near  Zohab, 
said  to  be  the  same  as  the  stronghold  of  Holwan. 

Baol,  bi^ol',  a  state  of  Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
having  the  state  of  Sin  on  the  S.,  Cayor  on  the  N.,  the 
Jaloof  territory  on  the  E.,  and  the  Atlantic  on  the  W. 

Baonee,  bi'o-nee,  Baw'ani,  or  Bow'nee,  a  petty 
native  state  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  tributary  to  the  British. 

Bapaume,  bi'pom'  (L.  Bapal'ma),  a  fortified  town  of 
France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Arras.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
lace,  woollens,  cottons,  and  fine  thread.     Pop.  3174. 

Bapaume,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Seine- 
Inf^rieure,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  820. 

Bap'tist  Church,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1032. 

Bap'tist  Hill,  a  village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.T.,  in  Bris- 
tol township,  about  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Canandaigua.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  is  Bristol  Post-Office. 

Bap'tistown,  a  small  post-village  of  Hunterdon  oo., 
N.J.,  about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton,  and  3  miles  from 
Frenchtown.     It  has  2  churches. 


Baptist  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va., 
30  miles  from  Saltville.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Barh. 

Bar,  baR,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Ardennes, 
rises  near  Buzancy,  and  falls  into  the  Meuse  below  Don- 
chery,  forming  part  of  the  Canal  of  Ardennes. 

Bar,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Corr§ze,  4i 
miles  N.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1023. 

Bar,  baR,  a  town  of  Russia,  Podolia,  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Kamieniec,  defended  by  a  citadel  built  on  a  rock.  Pop. 
8077.  In  1768  the  Poles  here  formed  a  confederacy 
against  Russia. 

Bara,  b&'r&,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  joins  the  Cabool  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Peshawer,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  60  miles. 

Baraba,  bi-ri-bi'  (Russ.  Barahinskdia,  b&-r&-bin- 
ski'yi),  a  vast  steppe  of  Siberia,  extending  between  the 
Obi  and  the  Irtish.     It  was  colonized  by  Russia  in  1767. 

Bara  Banki,  b&'ri  bin'kee,  Nawabganj,  or  Na- 
wabgunge,  nS,-wib-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  district,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  10,496. 

Bara  Banki,  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Oude,  lat. 
26°-28°  N.,  Ion.  81°-82°  E.  Area,  1735  square  miles. 
The  district  is  mostly  a  level,  marshy  plain,  traversed  by 
the  Goomtee  and  Gogra  Rivers.     Pop.  1,101,954. 

Baraboo,  bair'a-boo,  a  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  by 
several  branches,  which  unite  in  Juneau  co.  It  runs  first 
southeastward,  and  intersects  Sauk  co.  From  the  town  of 
Baraboo  it  flows  eastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  4  or 
6  miles  S.  of  Portage  City.     Length,  nearly  100  miles. 

Baraboo,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Baraboo  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  37  miles  N.W.  of 
Madison,  and  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portage  City.  It 
has  a  court-house,  3  public  schools,  3  banks,  2  woollen- 
factories,  2  grist-mills,  a  foundry,  2  saw-mills,  2  planing- 
mills,  3  newspaper  offices,  several  carriage-factories,  and 
12  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  4605. 

Barace,  the  ancient  name  of  Barcelore. 

Barachois  de  Malbaie,  biV&^shwi'  d^h  miPbi',  a 
post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, 27  miles  S.E.  of  Gasp6  Basin.     Pop.  150. 

Baracoa,  b&-r&-ko'&,  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  Cuba.     Lat.  20°  21'  36"  N.;  Ion.  74°  29'  31"  W. 

Barada,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barrada. 

Bara'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richardson  co.,  Neb.,  near 
the  Missouri,  4  miles  from  Corning,  Mo.    It  has  2  churches. 

Baraga,  bair'a-ga,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Michi- 
gan, bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  N.W. 
by  Keweenaw  Bay.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Duluth,  South 
Shore  &  Atlantic  Railroad.     Capital,  L'Anse.     Pop.  3036. 

Baraga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on  Kewee- 
naw Bay  (at  its  head  or  S.  end),  2  miles  W.  of  L'Anse.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  saw-  and  planing-mills, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  of  Baraga  township,  1090. 

Barahat,  b&'rl-hit',  a  town  of  North  Hindostan,  in 
Gurhwal,  on  the  Bhagirathi,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Serinagur. 

Baraitche,  Hindostan.    See  Bharaich. 

Barak,  biVik',  the  principal  river  of  Cachar,  in  India, 
the  S.  division  of  which  territory  it  traverses  with  a  very 
tortuous  course.  After  a  S.W.  course  through  Sylhet,  it 
takes  the  name  of  Soormah,  and  becomes  at  last  a  tributary 
of  the  Megna.     Total  length,  about  350  miles. 

Baramba,  b3,-r&m'b&,  or  Berum'bah,  a  small  tribu- 
tary state  of  Orissa,  India,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Maha- 
nuddy.  Area,  134  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  native 
rajah,  under  British  direction.  Capital,  Baramba,  a  small 
town,  lat.  20°  25'  15"  N.,  Ion.  82°  22'  41"  E.  Total  pop. 
24,261. 

Baran,  a  town  of  India.    See  Boolundshahur. 

Baranchinsk,  Barantchinsk,  or  Baran- 
tschinsk,  bi-rin-chinsk'  or  b4-r4n-cheensk',  a  village  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  58  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Verkhotoorie,  with  government  iron-  and  steel -works. 

Barand,  bih^r&nd',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  PUspok-Ladany.     Pop.  3664. 

Baranello,  b4-ra-nSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3334. 

Bar^noff  (b3.-r&n'6ff)  Island,  or  Sit'ka,  one  of  the 
Alexander  Islands,  Alaska.  Lat.  57°  N. ;  Ion.  135°  W.  It  is 
about  75  miles  long,  by  15  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  is 
mountainous  and  densely  timbered.  Coal  has  been  found 
on  it.     On  its  W.  coast  is  the  town  of  Sitka. 

Baranow,  b4'r3.-nov\  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  42 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tamow,  on  the  Vistula.    Pop.  1684. 

Baranquilla,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia. 
See  Barranquilla. 

Baranya,  bShVon'yfih,  one  of  the  counties  of  Hungarv 


» 


I 


BAR 


585 


BAR 


on  the  Danube.  Capital,  Fiinfkirohen,  Area,  1930  square 
•miles.  Pop.  283,506.  It  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly 
marshy,  but  very  fertile.  Chief  products,  wheat,  tobacco, 
<wine,  and  fruit. 

Baranya-Var,  b6hV5n'ySh  v|k,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
in  the  above  county,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Darda.  Pop.  1750. 
Bar^aset',  or  Bar^asat',a  town  of  India,  Bengal,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Calcutta,  consists  of  numerous  villages, 
«lose  together.  It  has  a  court,  a  dispensary,  and  schools. 
Pop.  11,822. 

Barataria  (bir-ra-tah're-a)  Bay,  situated  in  the  S.E. 
:part  of  Louisiana,  extends  northward  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  the  parish  of  Plaquemines.  It  is  about  15  miles 
■long  and  6  miles  wide. 

Barate  and  Barathra.    See  Kara-Boonak. 
Barbacena,  baR-bi-si'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
•ofMinas-Geraes,  in  the  Serra  Mantiqueira,  125  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  3500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Barbacoas,baR-bi-ko'4s,  a  seaport  town  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cauca,  on  the  Pacific,  150  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Quito.     Pop.  5050. 

Barbacoas,  a  small  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Gua- 
rico,  68  miles  S.  of  Caracas. 

Barbadoes,  bar-bi'doz,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  belongs  to  Great  Britain.  It  is  one  of  the  Lesser 
Antilles,  and  belongs  to  the  group  called  Windward.  It  is 
21  miles  long.  Area,  166  square  miles.  Bridgetown,  the 
capital  of  this  island,  is  in  lat.  13°  4'  N.  and  Ion.  59°  37' 
W.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys ;  the  soil 
is  mostly  fertile ;  and  the  climate  is  healthy.  The  chief 
articles  of  export  are  sugar,  rum,  and  arrowroot.  Violent 
hurricanes  occur  here  and  cause  great  damage.  The  island 
is  almost  encircled  by  coral  reefs,  which  render  the  ap- 
proach to  it  dangerous  to  mariners.  The  majority  of  the 
inhabitants  are  negroes.  It  has  its  own  legislature,  and  is 
the  most  important  member  of  the  colony  of  the  Windward 
Islands.     Pop.  in  1871,  162,042;  in  1891,  182,322. 

Barbados,  baR-bi'doce,  an  auriferous  river  of  Brazil, 
-State  of  Matto-Grosso,  falls  into  the  Paraguay  after  a  S.E. 
■Bourse  of  120  miles. 

Barbana,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Bojana. 
Barbania,  baR-bi-nee'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  tor- 
irent  Fandaglia,  17  miles  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1895. 

Barbareen,  bar-bi-reen',  a  small  town  and  seaport  of 
•Ceylon,  on  the  W.  coast,  3i  miles  S.  of  Caltura.  Lat.  6°  28' 
.N. :  Ion.  80°  3'  E.     It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  export. 

Barbarinm  Promontorium.  See  Cape  Espichel. 
Barbary,  bar'ber-e  (anc.  Maurita'nia,  Nutnid'ia,  Af- 
rica Pro'pria,  and  Cyrena'ica),  formerly  the  name  of  an 
extensive  region,  comprising  all  the  northern  portion  of 
Africa,  from  Egypt  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  from  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  Sahara,  and  extending  between  lat. 
•25°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  10°  W.  and  25°  E.  This  region  is 
■divided  by  the  Atlas  Mountains  into  two  parts,  that  on  the  N. 
■comprising  the  Empire  of  Morocco,  the  province  of  Algeria, 
and  the  beylios  of  Tunis  and  Tripoli ;  the  S.  region  is  called 
the  Beled-el-Jereed.  Barbary  and  Egypt  formed  nearly  all 
of  Africa  known  to  the  ancients.  It  was  peopled  chiefly  by 
Moors,  Numidians,  and  Phoenician  colonists,  and  attained 
great  celebrity  under  the  dominion  of  the  Carthaginians :  it 
was  afterwards  subject  to  the  Romans,  and  was  occupied  for 
oearly  a  century  by  the  Vandals.  The  Arabs  took  it  finally 
from  the  Romans  (Byzantines),  about  a.d.  697.  The  name 
Barbary  appears  to  have  been  derived  from  Berber.  (See 
Berbers.)  Some,  however,  derive  it  from  barbarua  ("bar- 
barian"). 

Barbastro,  baR-b&s'tro,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in 
Aragon,  on  the  Cinca,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Saragossa.  It  has 
a.  church  with  some  paintings  of  the  sixteenth  century,  con- 
vents, and  literary  and  beneficent  associations.  Pop.  7800. 
Barbentanne,  baR^bdN<>H&nn',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Avignon,  on  a  railway. 
Pop.  3213.  Its  neighborhood  produces  good  wine  and  fruit. 
Bar'ber,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
■of  1134  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Medicine  Lodge 
Oreek.  About  99  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  level.  Capital,  Medicine  Lodge.  Pop.  in 
1875,  366;  in  1880,  2661;  in  1890,  7973. 

Barberino  di  Mugello,  baR-b&-ree'nodee  moo-j£l'lo, 
a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.  of  Florence,  on  the  Sieve.  It 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  straw  hats.  Pop.  9886.  Ic 
its  environs  is  the  royal  villa  of  CafiTegiolo,  the  ancient  resi- 
■dence  of  the  Medicis. 

Barberino  di  Val  d'Elsa,  baR-b&-ree'no  dee  v&l 
ddl'sd,,  a  town  and  commune  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles 
6.  of  Florence.     Here  is  the  palace  of  the  Barberini,  the 
birthplace  of  Pope  Urban  VIII.     Pop.  10,305. 
38 


'Bar'ber's,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  A  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  S.  from 
Lawrence. 

Barber's,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Wcr- 
cester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 

Barber's,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Flemington  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Flemington. 
Barber's  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 
Barber's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  W.  of  Bluffton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bar'bersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Ind.,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison. 

Bar'berville,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Troy,  has  about  12  houses. 

Barberville,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Hope  Valley.     Pop.  34. 

Barbezieux,  baR^b§h-ze-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Charente,  19  miles  S.W,  of  Angouleme.     Pop.  3881. 

Barbigha,  bar-bee'gS,,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Mon- 
ghir,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burheya.     Pop.  6362. 

Barbona,baR-bo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  1630. 

Barbonne,  baR^bonn',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Marne,  5  miles  S.  of  Sezanne.     Pop.  1449. 

Barbonr,  bar'bur,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  888  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoochee,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Pea  River,  which  forms  part  of  its  W.  boundary.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  The  staple 
products  are  cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  live-stock.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  both 
operated  under  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  System. 
The  Choctawhatchee  River  rises  in  this  county  about  5 
miles  N.  of  Clayton,  and  flows  directly  S.  Capital,  Clay- 
ton. Pop.  in  1870,  29,309;  in  1880,  33,979;  in  1890, 
34,898. 

Barbour,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  395  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  Monongahela  River  called  Tygart's  Valley 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  and  sugar-maple 
abound.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  &c.,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Philippi.  Pop. 
m  1870,  10,312;  in  1880,  11,870;  in  1890,  12,702. 

Barbour's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
in  the  valley  of  the  Loyalsock  Creek,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  luuiber-milL 
Bar'bonrsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  a  railroad,  about  7ft 
miles  N.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  academies,  and  a 
newspaper  oflice. 

Barboursville,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Orange  Court-House,  and  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  200. 

Barboursville,  formerly  Cabell  Court-House, 
a  post-village,  capital  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Guyan- 
dotte  River,  about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the 
Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  2  churches.  One  weekly  paper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  371. 

Barbourville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
6i  miles  from  Deposit.     It  has  a  church. 

Barbuda,  bar-boo'da,  one  of  the  British  West  India 
Islands,  Leeward  group,  in  the  Atlantic,  22  miles  N.  of  An- 
tigua. Lat.  about  17°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  W.  Area,  75  square 
miles.  Products,  corn,  cattle,  tobacco,  and  sugar.  It  ia 
politically  a  dependency  of  Antigua.     Pop.  813. 

Bar^buret',  Bar^buret'ta,  or  Bar^bura'ta,  one 
of  the  Bay  Islands,  Honduras,  lying  E.  of  Ruatan. 

Barby,  bau'bee,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  5212. 

Bar'ca  (anc.  Oyrena'ica),  a  region  of  North  Africa,  be- 
tween lat.  30°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  20°  and  26°  E.,  forming 
the  E.  division  of  Tripoli,  and  having  W.  the  rest  of  that 
dominion,  with  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  (anc.  Syrtit  Major),  N. 
the  Mediterranean,  E.  Egypt,  and  S.  the  Libyan  waste.  On 
the  S.  and  in  the  interior  it  is  desert.  In  many  parts  it 
yields  crops  of  com  and  presents  tracts  of  fine  pasturage ; 
on  the  mountain-sides  are  forests  of  pines,  date-  and  olive- 
trees,  and  flowering  shrubs.  It  has  no  permanent  rivers, 
but  numerous  mountain-torrents,  which  flow  to  the  Libyan 
deserts.  The  population  consists  of  Bedouin  Arabs,  with  a 
few  Jews  in  the  towns.     This  reeion  was  anciently  the  seat 


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586 


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of  the  Pentapolis  (or  "  five  cities"),  viz.,  Berenice,  Arsinog, 
Barca,  Apollonia,  and  Cyrene.  Barca,  so  called  from  the 
ancient  city  of  Barca,  was  one  of  the  chief  granaries  on 
the  African  coast.  The  remains  of  temples,  aqueducts,  and 
other  great  public  works,  and  the  discovery  of  numerous 
Greek  and  Koman  coins,  show  the  importance  which  it  once 
attained.     All  this,  however,  has  long  since  passed  away. 

Barcarrota,  baR-kaR-Ro'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura,  19  miles  S.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  4660. 

Barcellona,  baR-chel-lo'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province 
and  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Messina.  It  is  a  wealthy  place, 
the  seat  of  a  gymnasium.     Pop.,  with  Pozzo  di  Goto,  20,464. 

Barcellos,  baR-sel'loce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Minho, 
on  the  Cavado,  9  miles  "W.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2639. 

BarcelloS)  baR-sel'loce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rio  Negro.     Pop.  2484. 

Barcelona^  baR-si-lo'na  {L.Bar'dno;  Gr.  Bap/tirwv), 
a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same 
name,  in  Catalonia,  812  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madrid.  Lat. 
(Mole  light)  41°  22'  .36"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  11'  E.  Barcelona  is 
the  terminus  of  four  railways,  and  has  of  late  years  grown 
considerably,  its  N.  portion,  the  new  town,  being  regularly 
and  handsomely  built ;  but  in  the  old  town  the  streets  are 
irregular  and  narrow.  To  the  E.  of  the  town,  and  S.  of  the 
citadel,  is  the  extensive  suburb  of  Barcelonetta,  laid  out 
with  great  regularity,  built  chiefly  of  brick,  and  occupied 
by  sailors  and  other  seafaring  people.  Many  of  the  houses 
of  Barcelona  itself  are  also  of  brick,  but  most  of  them, 
particularly  in  the  new  town,  are  of  hewn  stone  and  of  an 
imposing  appearance.  In  recent  times  great  improvements 
have  been  made ;  gas  has  been  introduced,  and  extensive 
sewers  have  been  constructed ;  fountains  of  the  finest  water 
are  found  in  every  quarter,  and  there  are  several  street 
railways.  The  principal  public  edifice  is  the  cathedral, 
which  stands  in  the  highest  part  of  the  old  town.  Its  origin 
dates  from  the  first  ages  of  Christianity,  but  its  present 
form  of  Gothic  architecture  appears  to  belong  to  the  end  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  There  are  numerous  other  churches, 
several  of  them  ancient  and  handsome.  One  of  the  most 
remarkable  buildings  of  Barcelona  is  the  Palacio  de  la 
Deputacion,  where  the  cortes  of  the  province  used  to  hold 
their  sittings.  Of  the  modern  buildings,  the  principal  are 
the  custom-house,  the  exchange,  the  theatre,  and  the  prison. 
The  principal  educational  establishment  is  the  university. 
In  connection  with  it  are  numerous  schools,  in  which  ele- 
mentary education  is  provided  for  all  classes.  Theological 
education  is  given  in  the  Seminario,  while  there  are  estab- 
lishments for  the  study  of  medicine.  Charitable  and  benef- 
icent institutions  are  numerous.  Among  literary  institutions 
may  be  mentioned  4  public  libraries  and  2  museums,  the 
Academy  of  Belles-Lettres,  the  Royal  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  <&c.,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  normal  school,  &q. 

Barcelona  is  the  seat  of  various  manufactures,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  silks,  woollens,  cottons,  calicoes,  lace,  and 
shoes.  Other  chief  exports  are  iron,  copper,  fire-arms,  cork, 
fruit,  salt,  wines,  and  brandies.  Its  principal  imports  are 
Baltic  timber,  wax,  stockfish,  cotton,  petroleum,  staves,  coal, 
machinery,  cacao,  coffee,  sugar,  hides,  iron,  steel,  copper, 
and  iron-ware.  The  trade  of  Barcelona  has  greatly  fallen 
oflF  from  what  it  used  to  be  in  former  times.  The  main  part 
of  the  trade  is  coasting.  The  port  of  the  city  is  commo- 
dious, two  moles  having  been  built  for  its  improvement. 

Barcelona  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Cartha- 
ginians under  Hamilcar  Barca ;  hence  its  name.  After  the 
fall  of  Carthage  the  Romans  first  became  its  masteVs,  then 
the  Goths,  who  possessed  it,  with  the  rest  of  Catalonia,  till 
the  year  714,  when  it  was  conquered  by  the  Saracens.  In 
805  it  was  retaken  from  them  and  governed  by  French  vice- 
roys. In  874  it  became  an  independent  earldom,  and  main- 
tained its  independence  till  the  annexation  of  Catalonia  to 
the  crown  of  Aragon,  in  the  twelfth  century.  Pop.  in 
1877,  248,943;  in  1887,  272,481. 

Barcelona,  a  fertile  province  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
reaching  from  the  Mediterranean  northwestward  to  the 
Pyrenees.  It  is  generally  mountainous,  being  traversed  by 
off-shoots  of  the  Pyrenees.  Near  Cardona  in  this  province 
is  an  enormous  mass  of  rock-salt  between  400  and  500  feet 
above  the  river  Cardener,  and  nearly  4  miles  in  circum- 
ference. Area,  2974  square  miles.  Capital,  Barcelona. 
Pop.  in  1887,  899,264. 

Barcelona,  or  Nueva  Barcelona,  nwi'vi  baR-s&- 
lo'nd.,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  in  the  state  of  Bermudez,  on 
the  Caribbean  S»a.  Lat.  10°  10'  N.;  Ion.  64°  47'  W.  It 
is  ill  built  and  sickly,  and  has  an  indifferent  anchorage, 
but  is  an  important  shipping-place.  Its  new  port,  called 
Guzman  Blanco,  4^  miles  distant,  has  a  safe  and  spacious 
harbor.     Pop.  in  1889,  12,758. 


Bar^celo'na,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Erie,  1  mile  from  Westfield. 

Bar^celo'na  City,  a  silver-mining  camp  of  Nye  cc, 
Nevada,  7  miles  W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  1  hotel  and  1  store. 

Barceloneta,  baR-si-lo-ni'ti,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
on  the  Paragua,  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Angostura. 

Barcelonnette,  baR*s?h-lon-nfitt',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Basses-Alpes,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Digne,  on  the  Ubaye. 
It  has  a  college,  a  normal  school,  silk-looms,  and  woollen- 
manufactures.     Pop.  1683. 

Bar^celore',  a  maritime  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  N.N.W.  of  Manga- 
lore.     It  is  the  Barace  of  the  ancients. 

Barchfeld,  baRK'fdIt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse> 
Nassau,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Werra.     Pop.  1722. 

Barcino,  a  Latin  name  of  Barcelona. 

Bar'clay,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on  the 
Gilman,  Clinton  <fe  Springfield  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Barclay,  a  post-township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  20 
miles  E.  of  Cedar  Falls,  is  traversed  by  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad.     Pop.  763. 

Barclay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  in  Arvonia 
township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Barclay,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Barclay 
township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Towanda,  and  about  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Williamsport.  The  Barclay  Railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  Towanda.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Barclay  has 
2  churches,  a  public  hall,  and  about  250  dwellings.  Pop. 
of  township,  2009. 

Bar'clay  Junc'tion,  in  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  Barclay  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvania  & 
New  York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Towanda. 

Barclay  Sound,  a  large  inlet  on  the  W.  coast  of  Van- 
couver Island,  British  Columbia.  Its  head  is  in  lat.  50°  N., 
Ion.  125°  W.  It  is  extended  inland  from  this  point  in  a 
long  fiord,  called  Albemi  Canal. 

Bar'claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  23 
miles  S.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church. 

Barcns,  baR^kiice',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Basses-Pyr6n6es,  near  Maul6on.     Pop.  2007. 

Bard,  baRd,  or  Bar'do,  a  fortress  and  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  Dora  Baltea,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  442. 

Bard,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Cedar  or  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Burlington. 

Bard,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Harrison 
township,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Bedford.  It  has  a  tannery  and 
manufactures  of  lime. 

Bardees,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Bardis. 

Bardel,  barMfil',  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  Bay  of  To- 
tomi,  in  the  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Hondo. 

Bardenberg,  baR'd§n-b5RG\  a  village  of  Rhenirfi 
Prussia,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  2446. 

Bar'der's,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Mon- 
terey <fc  Salinas  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  from  Monterey. 

Bardi,  baR'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Piacenza, 
lOi  miles  N.N.W.  of  Borgo  Taro.     Pop.  6529. 

Bardia,  baR-dee'i,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  near 
the  coast  of  Lower  Siam.  Lat.  10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  99°  50'  E. 
It  is  20  miles  in  length  and  10  miles  in  breadth. 

Bar'dis,  or  Bar^dees',  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  3 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Girgeh.  The  French  gave  battle  here  on 
the  6th  of  April,  1799. 

Bardolino,  baR-do-lee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Verona,  with  a  port  on  Lake  Garda.  Pop.  2400. 
Near  this  village,  at  the  battle  of  Rivoli,  January,  1797, 
Napoleon  defeated  the  Austrians  under  Alvinczy. 

Bar'dolph,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co.,  111.,  in 
Macomb  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy 
Railroad,  33  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Galesburg,  and  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Macomb.  It  has  2  churches,  a  pottery,  and  a 
manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bardonecchia,baR-d6-nek'ke-8,,  orBardonn^che, 
baR'don^nfish',  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  W.  of  Susa,  at 
the  S.  end  of  the  Mont  Cenis  Railway  tunnel.     Pop.  1583. 

Bardos,  baRMos',  a  village  of  France,  Basse8-Pyr6n6es, 
i  mile  from  Bidache.     Pop.  2542. 

Bardowieck,  baR'do-^eek\  a  town  of  Prussia,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Ilmenau.     Pop.  1400. 

Bard's,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Jersey  Shore,  Pa. 

Bardsey,  bard'ze,  an  island  of  Wales,  in  the  Irish 
Sea,  37  miles  S.  of  Holyhead.     Pop.  84. 


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587 


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Bards'town,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Nelson  oo.,  Kj., 
neai  the  Beech  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Frankfort,  and  39  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  is 
the  seat  of  St.  Joseph's  Seminary  and  College  (Catholic), 
and  has  also  an  academy,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  female  col- 
lege, 6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures 
of  flour,  mill-stuffs,  and  lumber,  and  several  distilleries. 
Nazareth  Academy  for  girls,  and  Bethlehem  Academy  are 
near  hero.     Pop.  in  1890,  1624. 

Bardstown  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullitt  co., 
Ky.,  22  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  the 
Bardstown  Branch  Railroad  connects  with  the  main  line. 

Bardt,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Barth. 

Barduli)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  BARiiETTA. 

Bardvvan,  a  town  of  India.    See  Burdwan. 

Bard'well^a  post-village,  capital  of  Carlisle  co.,  Ky., 
13  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  700. 

Bara'well'8Fer'ry,apost-office  and  station  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Deerfleld  River,  and  on  the  Vermont 
&  Massachusetts  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Greenfield. 

Ba^ree'  Do^ab',  in  the  Punjab,  British  India,  lies 
between  the  Beas  and  the  Ravee,  and  is  a  seat  of  the  Sikh 
race.     See  Doab. 

Bareges,  a  village  of  France.    See  Barrages. 

Bareilly,  Bareily,  or  Bareli,  b3,r-4'lee,  a  district 
of  the  North-West  Provinces,  British  India,  bounded  by 
Nepaul,  Oude,  Kumaon,  Moradabad,  Ac.  Capital,  Bareilly. 
Area,  2982  square  miles.     Pop.  1,507,139. 

Bareilly,  or  Bareli,  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  the  river  Jua,  118  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.  It 
has  an  English  college,  Persian  and  Hindoo  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  house  furniture  and  woven  fabrics,  and  is 
the  seat  of  an  important  trade.     Pop.  in  1891,  121,870. 

Barela,  b4-ra'14,  a  post-hamlet  of  Las  Animas  co.,  Col., 
9  miles  from  El  Moro.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Barendrecht,  baR'§n-dreKt,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dort. 
Pop.  2866. 

Barentin,  bS.ViNaH5.No',  a  village  of  France,  Seine-In- 
f6rieure,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.   Pop.  3290. 

Barenton,  biV6NoH6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Manche,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  2768. 

Bares'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio, 
opposite  Hannibal,  0.,  and  on  the  Ohio  River  Railroad,  36 
miles  below  Wheeling,  and  2  miles  above  New  Martinsville. 

Baretoon,  or  Al  Baretun,  3,1  b4Ve-toon',  called  also 
Berek  Marsa,  Port  Mhaddra  (orMithr),  andPort 
Bardiah  (anc.  Paraeto'nium),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  on  the  borders  of  Barca.  Lat.  31°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  27°  30'  E.     It  has  a  good  port. 

Baretsweil,bi'rets-wil\orBaretschweil,b8,'r§tch- 
^il\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Zurich,  with  manufactures  of  cotton  and  silk.   Pop.  2850. 

Bare'ville,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
from  Bird  in  Hand,  and  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  several  churches,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  250. 

Barfel'don,  apost-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  in  Liberty 
township,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Blossburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar'field,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  65  miles  above  Memphis,  Tenn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Barfleur,  baR^fluR',  an  ancient  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Manche,  on  the  English  Channel,  15  miles  E.  of 
Cherbourg.  Pop.  1304.  About  1  mile  N.  is  a  granite  light- 
house, 271  feet  above  the  sea,  on  Cape  Barfleur,  in  lat.  49° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  1°  16'  W. 

Barfnrnsh,  the  original  name  of  Balftjrosh. 

Barga,  baR'gS.,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Serohio,  16 
miles  N.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  of  commune,  7664. 

Bar'gaintown,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
about  10  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Atlantic  City.  It  has  a 
church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bargar'ran,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  4i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Paisley. 

Bargas,  baR'gis,  or  Vargas,  a  town  of  Spain,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  3391. 

Barge,  baa'ji  (Fr.  pron.  baRzh),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Monbracco,  province  of 
Coni,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turin.  It  has  a  college,  and 
manufactures  of  fire-arms,  and  carries  on  a  brisk  trade. 
Slates  are  quarried  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  9972. 

Bargemont,  baRzh^miNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  7 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  1722. 

Bar'gersville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
18  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 


Bargoozeen,  or  Bargouzin,baR-goo-zecn',  a  river 
of  Siberia,  joins  Lake  Baikal  on  the  E.    Length,  200  miles. 

Bargoozeensk,  Bargoozinsk,  or  Bargusinsk, 
baR-goo-zeensk',  a  town  on  the  above  river,  220  mil«i 
E.N.E.  of  Irkootsk.     Pop.  636. 

Barh,  bar,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bahar,  on  the  Ganges, 
about  35  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Patna.  Pop.  11,050 ;  of  ita 
suburb  Mohammedpoor,  6089. 

Barhampur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Berhampoor. 

Bar'hamsville,  a  post- village  of  New  Kent  and  Jamet 
City  COS.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church 

Barhanpoora,  the  Hindoo  for  Boorhanpoor. 

Bar  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer  re- 
sort in  the  town  of  Eden,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  French- 
man's Bay,  and  on  the  E.  side  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  numerous  hotels  and  sum- 
mer cottages.     Pop.  2000. 

Barhiyd,  a  town  of  India.    See  Burheya. 

Bari,  bi'ree,  formerly  Terra  di  Bari,  tfir'ri  deeb4'- 
ree,  a  province  of  Southern  Italy,  in  Apulia,  on  the  Adriatic. 
Capital,  Bari.    Area,  2992  square  miles.     Pop.  683,496. 

Bari  (anc.  Ba'rium),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Italy,  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Bari,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic, 
69  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Brindisi.  Lat.  41°  7'  52"  N.; 
Ion.  16°  53'  4"  E.  Its  newer  parts  are  well  built.  Princi- 
pal buildings,  a  citadel,  cathedral,  lyceum,  large  diocesan 
seminary,  new  theatre,  large  arsenal,  com  magazines,  and 
hospitals.  It  has  civil  and  criminal  courts;  is  an  arch- 
bishop's see;  has  a  large  trade  by  sea  and  by  railways; 
manufactures  cotton,  linen,  and  silk  fabrics,  soap,  glass, 
and  liquors;  and  exports  corn,  oil,  and  fruits.  Its  quay 
and  roadstead  are  good,  and  the  harbor  has  been  much  im- 
proved of  late.  Bari,  taken  by  the  Normans  in  the  elevenin 
century,  was  for  a  time  the  capital  of  Apulia.    Pop.  60,080. 

Bari,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1579. 

Bari,  bi'ree,  a  village  of  Greece,  government  of  Attica, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Athens,  near  Mount  Hymettus. 

Bariah,  Barreah,  b&'re-a,  or  De^ogarh'  Barieh, 
a  protected  state  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  with  a 
town  of  the  same  name,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Baroda.  Area, 
813   square  miles.     Pop.  52,421. 

Barile,  b3,-ree'14,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  4  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  3827. 

Barima,  b&-ree-m&',  a  river  and  headland  of  British 
Guiana,  about  lat.  8°  46'  N.,  Ion.  60°  W. 

Barinas,  or  Varinas,  v4-ree'nis,  a  town  of  Vene- 
zuela, capital  of  the  state  of  Zamora,  90  miles  S.  of  Trn- 
jillo.     Pop.  3950. 

Baring,  bar'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Me., 
on  the  St.  Croix  River,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Calais.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Baring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles  by 
rail  and  5  miles  direct  N.  of  Edina. 

Baring  Cross,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark.,  on 
a  railroad,  and  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  Little  Rock. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Baring  Island,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  lat.  71°  5'-74° 
37'  N.,  Ion.  114°  20'-125°  30'  W.  It  is  high  and  rugged, 
but  abounds  in  reindeer  and  foxes,  and  in  summer  manv 
wild-geese  are  seen. 

Barisal,  a  town  of  India.    See  Burrisol. 

Barisciano,  b4-ree-shi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorince 
and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  3467. 

Barium,  the  ancient  name  of  Bari. 

Baijac,  baR^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Alais.     Pop.  2511. 

Baijols,  baR^zhol',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Var,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brignoles.     Pop.  3333. 

Barka,  or  Barkah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Bttrkha. 

Barkada,  bar-kah'da,   a  post-office  of  Drew  co..  Ark. 

Bark  Camp  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River. 

Bar'ker,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  oo.,  Tex. 

Barker,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.T.  Pop.  1441. 
It  contains  part  of  Chenango  Forks. 

Barker  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich. 

Bar'ker's,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Somer- 
set Station  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad. 

Barker's  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,in 
Easton  township,  i  mile  from  Easton  Post-Office.     Pop.  100. 

Bar'kersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  16  miles  S.  of  Fulton. 

Barkersville,  a  post- hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 


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Bar'kerville,  a  post-town  in  the  district  of  Cariboo, 
British  Columbia,  448  miles  from  New  Westminster.  It 
contains  2  branch  banks,  a  telegraph  oflSce,  and  several 
churches  and  stores. 

Bar'key,  a  post-oflBice  of  Gage  co.,  Neb. 

Bar'keyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Irwin  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Barkham'sted,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co.. 
Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford,  is  drained  by  the 
Farmington  River  and  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  West- 
ern Railroad.  It  has  6  churches,  and  contains  a  hamlet 
named  Pleasant  Valley.     Pop.  1439, 

Bark'ing,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  London,  on  a  railway,  near  the  Thames.  It  has 
jute-mills,  and  a  considerable  transit  trade.     Pop.  9303. 

Bar'kisland,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  2102. 

Bar'kol,  a  town  of  Eastern  Toorkistan,  about  lat.  43* 
40'  N.,  Ion.  94°  E.,  near  the  lake  of  Barkol. 

Bark  River,  a  station  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Escanaba. 

Bark  River, Wisconsin,  issues  from  a  lake  in  Waukesha 
CO.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  Rock  River  at  Fort  Atkinson. 

Barks'dale,  a  post-village  of  Edwards  co.,  Tex.,  50 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Uvalde  Station  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railway.     Pop.  about  200. 

Barksdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  38  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Barksdale  Station,  Va.    See  Whitlock. 

Bark'ville,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  12  milee 
by  rail  W.  of  Escanaba.  It  has  several  stores  ancU  other 
business  houses.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bariadu,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Berlat. 

Bar-Ie-Duc,  baRU^h-diik',  or  Bar-sur-Ornain, 
baB-siiR-oR^n&Ho',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Mouse, 
125  miles  by  railway  E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Ornain.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  a  normal  school,  and  a  public  library, 
active  manufactures  of  cotton  and  calicoes,  and  an  extensive 
commerce  in  timber  from  the  Vosges  for  the  supply  of  Paris, 
and  in  wine,  iron,  and  wool.  It  was  founded  in  the  tenth 
century,  and  was  formerly  the  fortified  capital  of  the  duchy 
of  Bar.     Pop.  in  1891,  16,058. 

Barletta,  baR-lfit'tS,  (anc.  Barduli  and  Barolumf),  a 
seaport  city  of  Italy,  province  and  33  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Bari,  on  a  rocky  island  in  the  Adriatic,  connected  by 
a  bridge  with  the  mainland.  Lat.  41°  19'  26"  N.  It  is 
"  hemmed  in  with  regular-built  walls  and  angular  towers ;" 
streets  wide  and  well  paved,  houses  lofty  and  of  fine  stone. 
It  has  a  citadel,  cathedral,  college,  and  a  colossal  statue  of 
the  Emperor  Heraclius.  Its  harbor,  formed  by  a  mole  on 
which  is  a  light-house,  admits  only  small  vessels ;  but  it 
has  a  considerable  trade,  exporting  corn,  wine,  oil,  fruit, 
wool,  skins,  and  salt.     Pop.  in  1891,  33,594, 

Bar'ley  Sheaf,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about 
3  miles  N.  of  Flemington. 

Barlovento,  baR-lo-v8n'to,  a  town  of  the  Canary 
Islands,  on  the  island  of  Palma.     Pop.  1568. 

Bar'low,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Bar- 
low township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Marietta,  and  2  miles 
from  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  &c.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1194. 

Barlow  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ala. 

Barlow  City,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  co,,  Ky, 

Barma,  or  Barmanie.    See  Burmah. 

Barmbeck,  baRm'bSk,  a  village  of  Germany,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Hamburg,  contains  distilleries,  an  asylum  for  the 
Insane,  a  hospital  for  the  poor,  a  workhouse,  <&c.    Pop.  7761. 

Barmen,  baR'm§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Wipper,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cologne.  It  is  in 
fact  a  continuation  of  the  town  of  Elberfeld,  to  which  it  is 
united  by  a  bridge.  Its  situation  is  picturesque,  but  the 
town  itself  is  not  prepossessing.  The  staple  manufactures 
are  ribbons,  tapes,  silk,  cotton  and  linen  fabrics,  linen  and 
cotton  thread,  velvet,  lace,  steel  and  plated  articles,  hard- 
ware, chemical  products,  and  earthenware,  with  establish- 
ments for  calico-printing  famous  for  the  excellence  of  the 
dye  called  Turkey  red.  The  town  contains  a  high  school, 
a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum,  exchange,  banks,  a  theological 
school,  a  music-hall,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  116,248, 

Bar  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  on  the  Saco 
River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Portland. 

Bar'more's,  a  station  in  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Greenville  &,  Columbia  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Belton 
Junction. 


Bar'mouth,  or  Ab'ermaw,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Maw,  and  on  a  railway, 
7i  miles  S.W.  of  Dolgelly.     Pop.  930. 

Barmstedt,  baRm'stStt,  a  market-town  of  Prussia, 
Holstein,  14  miles  E.  of  Gluckstadt.     Pop.  2481, 

B^rn,  baRn,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  14  mile» 
N.N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  3268. 

Bar'naby  Island,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
below  Quebec,  is  3i  miles  in  length. 

Bar^nagore',  Bar^anagar',  or  Yar^ahanagar', 
a  town  of  Bengal,  5  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  Hoogly. 

Bar'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  20  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Quincy. 

Barnard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  30  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Barnard,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  58  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Abilene.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Bar^nard',  a  post-town  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St, 
Joseph  &  Council  Bluflfs  Railroad  (Marysville  Branch),  30 
miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  tin-factory,  a  brick-yard,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  427. 

Bar'nard,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Windsor  co., 
Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  ha£  2  churches, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  1208, 

Bar'nard  Castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
on  the  Tees,  and  on  two  railways,  21i  miles  S.W.  of  Dui  ■ 
ham.  It  has  a  hospital,  founded  in  1229  by  John  Baliol, 
King  of  Scotland,  and  the  ruins  of  a  stately  castle  built  by 
Barnard,  the  grandfather  of  Baliol,  and  manufactures  of 
hats,  carpets,  and  thread,  a  valuable  fine-art  museum,  and 
extensive  stone-quarries.     Pop.  4278. 

Barnard  Islands,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  are 
within  the  Great  Barrier  Reef.     Lat.  17°  40'  S, 

Barnard's,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 

Bar'nard's  Cross'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  railroad,  in  Greece  township,  7  miles  N.  of 
Rochester,  on  the  Genesee  River.  It  has  a  church,  and 
a  fruit-cannery. 

Bar'nardsville,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co,,  N,C,, 
16  miles  N.  of  Asheville. 

Barnardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 
about  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  2  churches, 

Barnaul,  baR-nSwl',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of 
Tomsk,  on  the  Barnaul,  at  its  junction  with  the  Obi,  230 
miles  S.S,W.  of  Tomsk.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  mining  dis- 
trict "as  extensive  as  the  whole  kingdom  of  Hungary." 
The  town  is  regularly  built,  and  haa  public  offices,  a  mint, 
an  observatory,  churches,  magazines,  hospitals,  geological 
and  other  museums,  and  many  furnaces,  at  which  large 
quantities  of  auriferous  silver,  lead,  and  copper  ores  are 
smelted,  and  much  cast  iron  is  produced.     Pop.  12,927, 

Bar^negat',  a  post-village  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  oa  Ae 
Tuckerton  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Toms  River,  and 
near  Barnegat  Bay.     It  has  3  churches. 

Barnegat,  New  York.    See  Milton  Ferry, 

Barnegat  Bay,  New  Jersey,  washes  the  eastern  border 
of  Ocean  co.,  and  is  separated  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by 
long  narrow  islands  or  sand-banks  called  Island  Beach  and 
Squan  Beach.  It  is  about  22  miles  long.  Boats  can  pass 
from  this  bay  into  the  ocean  through  Barnegat  Inlet,  which 
is  1  mile  wide. 

Barnegat  Junction,  or  Waretown  Junction,  a 
station  of  Union  township.  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Toms  River  &  Waretown  and  Tuckerton  Railroads, 
14  miles  N,  of  Tuckerton. 

Bar'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cobleskill  township,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad, 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  chair-factory, 

Barnes,  barnz,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part  of  North  Da- 
kota, has  an  area  of  about  1512  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Valley 
City. 

Barnes,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Montezuma. 

Barnes,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Washington  co,, 
Kansas,  12  miles  by  rail  W,  of  Blue  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches  (5  denominations),  a  bank,  public  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  916. 

Barnes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  0.,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Mansfield. 

Barnes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  Sheffield 
township,  2  miles  from  Sheffield  Railroad  Station.  It  ha. 
S  sMW-mills  and  a  grist-mill. 


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589 


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I 


Barnesborough,  or  Barnsborough,  barnz'b&r- 
rQh,  a  post-village  of  Gloucestei-  co..  N.J.,  in  Mantua  town- 
ship, on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Camden. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Barnesburg,  bamz'biirg,  post-office,  Hamilton  oo.,  0. 

Barnes'  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  several  churches, 
1  lumber-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements. 

Barnes'  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co., 
Ala.,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Clayton. 

Barnes'  Hotel,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  Sound,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile 
Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Mississippi  City. 

Barnes'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C. 

Barneston,  barnz'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Waynesburg  Branch,  44 
miles  from  Philadelphia.     It  has  12  houses. 

Barnesville,  bamz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co., 
Ala.,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Aberdeen,  Miss. 

Barnesville,  a  post-town  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lanta division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  AV.N.W. 
of  Macon,  and  60  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Atlanta.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper,  2  banks,  buggy- and  carriage- factory, 
cotton-mills,  the  Gordon  Institute,  and  a  high  school.  Pop. 
in  1S70,  754;  in  1880,  1962;  in  1890,  1839. 

Barnesville,  a  small  post-village  of  Bourbon  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Little  Osage  River,  about  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  store. 

Barnesville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  4  churches. 

Barnesville,  a  post-town  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  31  milea 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fergus  Falls.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  large  railroad  repair  shop,  graded  schools,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1069. 

Barnesville,  a  village  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Annapolis  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.  Here  is  Logan's  Creek  Post- 
Office. 

Barnesville,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Central  Ohio  division),  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches, 
theOlney  College  (Friends),  a  newspaper,  a  foundry,  5  cigar- 
factories,  a  planing-mill,  a  pump-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  hydraulic  cement.     Pop.  in  1880,  2435;  in  1890,  3207. 

Barnesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Reading  Railroad  (Little  Schuylkill  Branch),  i  mile 
N.E.  from  East  Mahanoy  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Barnesville,  a  hamlet  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  IS  miles 
from  Seguin. 

Barnesville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex. 

Barnesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Roanoke.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Barnesville,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton. 

Barnesville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 11  miles-from  Ossekeag.     Pop.  150. 

Bar'net,  or  Chip'ping  Bar'net,  a  town  of  England, 
COS.  of  Hertford  and  Middlesex,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
London.  It  has  a  church  built  in  1400,  and  a  grammar- 
school  founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1573.  An  obelisk 
near  the  town  commemorates  the  battle  fought  there  in 
1471  between  the  Yorkist  and  Lancastrian  armies,  when 
the  Earl  of  Warwick  was  killed.     Pop.  3720. 

Bar'net,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Connecticut  River,  in  Barnet  township,  and  on  the  Pas- 
Bumpsic  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  and  2  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Passumpsio  River.  The  township 
has  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bobbins,  lumber,  &c. 
It  contains  Mclndoe's  Falls  and  Passumpsic.     Pop.  1945. 

Barnet's,  a  station  in  Preble  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Eaton. 

Bar'nett,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Crawfordville,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Washington  Branch.  It  has  a  fine  stone 
railroad  depot,  several  shops,  Ac. 

Barnett,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.     Pop.  1078. 

Barnett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
from  Versailles. 

Barnett,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.     Pop.  504. 

Barnett's  Mill,  a  namlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
from  Boston  Depot,  Va.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Barneveld,  ban'n^h-^  4lt\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Arnhem,     Pop.  6218. 

Bar'neveld,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  19  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Dodgeville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  public  school.     Pop.  450. 


Barneveld  (baR'n^h-v£lt^)  Islands,  in  the  Sonthero 

Ocean,  off  Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  56°  S.;  Ion.  67°  W. 

Barneville-8ur-Mer,  baini'veel'silK-maiK  (nnc.  Cro- 
ciato'nuiii  Por'tus),  a  small  seaport  of  France,  department 
of  Manche,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  Io02. 

Barn'hardt's  Island,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  in  the  township  of  Massena. 
Area,  2000  acres.     It  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 

Barnhart's  Mills,  Butler  oo..  Pa.    See  Millerstown. 

Barn'hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  111.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Fairfield.     Pop.  100. 

Barnhill,  a  coal-mining  post-village  of  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0.,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  New  Philadelphia.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  800. 

Bar'noldsvvick,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of 
Yorkshire,  8  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Skipton.     Pop.  3187. 

Barnsborongh,  New  Jersey.     See  Barsesborough. 

Barnsley,  barnz'lee.  Black  Barnsley,  or  Barnes- 
ley  St.  Mary,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  10  miles  S.  of  Wakefield,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Shef- 
field, at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  and  on  two  canals. 
The  houses  are  mostly  of  stone.  It  has  a  spacious  market- 
place, a  grammar-school,  a  scientific  institution,  and  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  linen  yarn,  flour,  coke,  cottons, 
damasks,  drills,  glass,  iron,  and  needles,  also  bleaching-, 
dyeing-,  and  coal-works.     Pop.  in  1891,  35,427. 

Barnstable,  barn'sta-b'l,  a  county  forming  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  373  square 
miles.  It  is  a  long  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.  by  Cape  Cod  Bay.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy.  The  prosperity  of  this  county  is  de- 
rived from  commerce,  fisheries,  and  manufactures.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Cape  Cod  division  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad.  Capital,  Barnstable.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,774;  in 
1880,31,897;  in  1890,  29,172. 

Barnstable,  a  port  of  entry,  capitlil  of  Barnstable  oc., 
Mass.,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  which  is  a  part  of  Cape 
Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  73  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Boston.  It  is  in  Barnstable  township,  which  contains 
villages  named  Cotuit,  Centreville,  Hyannis,  Osterville,  West 
Barnstable,  and  Marston's  Mills,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Barnstable  has  a  handsome  court- 
house, 3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  town  house,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  custom-house.  The  township 
has  11  churches,  and  numerous  vessels  engaged  in  the  coast- 
trade  and  fisheries.     Pop.  in  1880,  4242 ;  in  1890,  4023. 

B3.rnstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schatzlar. 

Barnstaple,  barn'sta-p'l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Taw,  6  miles  from  Barnstaple  Bay,  and  on  a 
railway,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Exeter.  The  town  is  well  built, 
has  a  large  ancient  church,  and  a  grammar-school,  endowed 
in  1649,  occupying  part  of  an  old  monastery,  a  charity 
school,  an  almshouse,  and  other  charities,  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, tanneries,  potteries,  an  iron-foundry,  paper-mill, 
and  manufactories  of  lace  and  fishing-nets.  Chief  import, 
timber.     Pop.  in  1891,  13,058. 

Barn'stead,  a  post-township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 
about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Suncook  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  1296;  in  1890,  1264. 

Barn'ston,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  4^^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Coaticook.  It  contains  a  mechanics'  institute 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Barnston,  a  post-village  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  about  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Barnum,  a  post- village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Barnum,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  59  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Rush  City,  and  18  miles  S.  of  Carlton.  It 
has  a  church,  &o.     Pop.  700. 

Barnum,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  20  miles  S.  of 
Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bar'num's,  a  station  in  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Port 
Jervis  k  Monticello  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Montioello. 

Bar'numton,  a  post-office  of  Camden  oo..  Mo.,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lebanon. 

Bar'numville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Rutland. 

Barn'well,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  1214  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ed,isto  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Savannah.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Combahee  River.  The 
surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  maize,  sweet 
potatoes,  and  rice  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad  and  the  Port  Royal  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Barnwell  Court- House.  Pop.  la  1870,  35,724 j  in  1880, 
39,857 ;  in  1890,  44,613. 


BAR 


590 


BAR 


Barnwell  Court-Honse,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Blackville,  and 
40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
court-house,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  savings  institution, 
a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  cotton-seed  oil-mill,  and  several  stores 
and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  937. 

Baro,  biVo',  a  river  of  Africa,  an  affluent  of  the  Bahr- 
el-Abiad,  rises  in  the  country  of  the  Wallegas,  S.W.  of 
Abyssinia,  near  lat.  8°  N.  It  is  represented  as  a  very  large 
rivor,  the  valley  of  which  is  inhabited  by  Shankalahs  and 
frequented  by  herds  of  elephants. 

Baroach,ba,-rotch',  Broach,  or  Bharuch,  a  district 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  having  on  the  S. 
and  E.  Baroda,  and  N.  and  W.  the  river  Mhye  and  the 
Gulf  of  Cambay.     Area,  1320  square  miles.     Pop.  350,322. 

Baroach  (probably  the  ancient  Barygaza),  capital  of 
the  above  district,  on  the  Nerbudda,  200  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Bombay.  It  has  2  steam  cotton-gins  and  a  large  trade  in 
cotton,  grain,  and  seeds,  exported  to  Bombay  and  Surat. 
Pop.  36,932.  Here  is  a  Brahmanical  hospital  for  sick  ani- 
mals, into  which  even  insects  are  received. 

Baroda,  bi-ro'di,  or  The  Guicowar's  Domin- 
ions, a  native  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat.  Area,  8226 
square  miles.  It  has  long  been  under  the  rule  of  a  Mahratta 
chief,  with  the  title  of  guicowar  or  gaikwar,  but  since  1875 
is  virtually  under  British  authority.  It  is  a  very  fertile 
region.     Capital,  Baroda.     Pop.  in  1891,  2,415,396. 

Baroda,  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  state. 
Lat.  22°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  14'  E.  It  is  on  the  railway  from 
Bombay  to  Ahmedabad,  and  is  walled  and  fortified.  Pop. 
in  1881,  101,818;  in  1891,  116,420. 

Barolum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Barletta. 

Baronda,  a  state  of  India.     See  Beronda. 

Bar'ou  Island,  or  Nu'sa  Bar'on,  an  island  off  the 
S.  coast  of  Java,  about  113°  18'  E.  Ion. 

Baros,  bi'ros,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Sumatra,  250  miles  N.W.  of  Padang. 

Ba^rott',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fergus  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Musselshell  River,  about  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lewistown. 

Barqnesimeto,  baR-ki-se-m&'to,  formerly  Nneva 
Segovia,  nwi'vi  si-go'v§-i,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capi- 
tal of  the  state  of  Lara,  165  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caracas.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  college.     Pop.  in  1889,  31,476. 

Barr,  baR,  a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges, 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Strasburg.  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and 
has  active  and  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  5651. 

Barr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Denver. 

Barr,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.  Pop,  2758.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Montgomery. 

Ban,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  in  Brown  town- 
ship, about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Barra,  bS,r'ra  or  bar'rS,,  or  Bar'ray,  an  island  of  In- 
verness-shire, Scotland,  in  the  Outer  Hebrides.  Length,  8 
miles ;  breadth,  2  to  4  miles.  Its  people  speak  Gaelic,  and 
are  Romanists.  Lat.  of  Barra  Head  (light-house),  56°  48' 
N. ;  Ion.  7°  38'  W.  Pop.  1753.  This,  with  some  20  smaller 
islands,  forms  the  parish  of  Barra,  or  Barra  Islands. 

Barra,  baR'Ri,  or  La  Barra,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles 
B.  of  Naples,  with  many  country  residences.     Pop.  8919. 

Barra,  bar'ri,  a  petty  state  of  Northwest  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gambia,  extending  about  54  miles  along  the 
coast,  with  a  breadth  of  about  42  miles.  It  contains  a 
number  of  considerable  villages. 

Barraboo,  Wisconsin.    See  Baraboo. 

Barracas  al  Sud,  bar-ri'kis  S.1  sooth,  a  suburb  of 
the  city  of  Buenos  Ayres,  Argentine  Republic,  southeast- 
ward of  the  town,  to  which  it  is  joined  by  railway.  Pop.  6645. 

Barrackpoor,  or  Barrackpur,  bar  Vack-poor' (called 
by  the  natives  Ohanak,  ehS,'nS,k),  a  town  of  India,  in  Ben- 
gal, on  the  Hoogly,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has 
a  fine  park,  government  house,  and  public  school.  Pop.  9591. 

Bar'rackTille,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  72  miles  S.E.  of  Wheel- 
ing. It  haa  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  114. 

Barracoa,  a  town  of  Cuba.    See  Baracoa. 

Barrada,  or  Burada,  bar-ri'dS,  (anc.  Chrysor'rhoas), 
a  river  of  Syria,  rises  near  33°  50'  N.  lat.  and  36°  E.  Ion., 
flows  southward  along  the  Anti-Libanus,  and  on  approach- 
ing Damascus  is  divided  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
passes  along  the  N.  side  of  the  city,  while  the  other  is  di- 
verted into  eight  diff'erent  channels  for  watering  the  city  and 
irrigating  its  gardens.  The  former  branch,  now  called 
Awaj,  is  the  Phar'par,  and  the  latter,  the  main  Barrada, 
is  the  Ah' ana  of  ancient  times.  The  branches  shortly  after 
unite,  and  the  trunk  enters  the  lake  of  Bahr-el-Merj. 


Barra- do -Rio-de-Contas,  baR'Ri-do-ree'o-di- 
kon'tis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  230  miles  S.W.  of 
Bahia.     Pop.  3000. 

Barra  -  do-Rio-do-SS.o-  Jo&o,  baR'Ri-do-ree'o- 
do-s6wN"-zho-6wNo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  100  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000. 

Barra-do-Rio-Grande,  baR'B&-do-ree'o-gr&n'di,  a 
village  of  Brazil,  about  350  miles  W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  S2o 
Francisco.     Pop.  4000. 

Barra-do-Rio-Negro,  Brazil.    See  Manaos. 

Barrafranca,  baR-R4-fr&n'k&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  8426. 

Barrage,  baR^Rizh'  (Fr.  for  "dam"),  a  village  of 
Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  35  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cairo.  Here  is  a 
great  dam,  or  barrage,  with  locks  and  sluices,  designed  to  reg- 
ulate the  Nile  flood  for  purposes  of  irrigation.     Pop.  3017. 

Bar'rah,  a  town  of  the  Benares  division,  North- West 
Provinces,  British  India,  district  and  17  miles  E.  of  Ghazee- 
poor.     Pop.  5401. 

Barra  Mansa,  baR'R&  m&n'si,  a  town  of  Brazil,  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Para- 
hiba  do  Sul.     Pop.  6000. 

Barran,  baR^RftN"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gers,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1570. 

Barranca,  baR-R&n'k^,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  on  the  Magdalena,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Cartagena. 

Barrauquilla,  baK-R&n-keery&,  a  town  of  Colombia, 
in  the  department  of  Bolivar,  and  the  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  navigable  river 
Magdalena,  15  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  a  custom-house, 
2  churches,  1  bank,  7  foreign  consulates,  a  hospital,  2  print- 
ing-offices, a  steam  saw-mill,  and  machine-shops.  From 
this  point  up,  some  14  steamers  ply  upon  the  Magdalena, 
and  a  railway  extends  hence  to  Salgar.  The  town  is  fast 
increasing  in  trade.     Pop.  18,000. 

Barraux,  baR^Ro',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
IsSre,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1450. 

Barrax,  baR-R&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  on  an  afiluent  of 
the  Jucar,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2500. 

Barray  Islands,  coast  of  Scotland.    See  Barra. 

Barr'd  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  ofi'the  N.H. 
coast  of  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Fogo.     Pop.  270. 

Bar're,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Barre 
township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester,  and  60  miles 
W.  of  Boston.  It  ha-s  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool,  straw  hats,  Ac. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Barre  township 
is  intersected  by  Ware  River,  and  has  a  station  named  Barre 
Plains,  on  the  Ware  River  Railroad.     Pop.  a890)  2239. 

Barre,  a  township  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  in  1875, 
2356.     It  contains  Barre  Centre. 

Barre,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in  Barre 
township,  on  the  Barre  Branch  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  6  or  6  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Winooski  River.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  the  Barre  Academy,  a  school  called  Goddard  Semi- 
nary, and  an  iron-foundry.  Barre  township  has  a  quarry 
of  good  granite,  and  manufactures  of  forks,  ploughs,  woollen 
goods,  ice-tools,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  1882. 

Barre,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.    Pop.  714 

Barreah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bariah. 

Bar're  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleaps  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Barre  township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  staves. 

Bar'ree,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1237. 
It  contains  Manor  Hill,  Saulsburg,  and  Masseysburg. 

Bar're  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Little  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  pig-iron  and  blooms. 

Barrages,  or  Bareges,  baR^Raizh',  a  village  and  cel- 
ebrated watering-place  of  France,  department  of  Hautes- 
Pyr6n6es,  on  the  Gave  de  Bastan,  3240  feet  above  the  sea, 
and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bagneres-de-Bigorre.  It  consists 
of  about  60  houses,  most  of  them  abandoned  in  winter  on 
account  of  the  cold  and  the  danger  from  avalanches.  It  is 
frequented  by  invalids  for  its  sulphurous  springs.  In  the 
vicinity  is  the  beautiful  cascade  of  Gavarnie. 

Bar're  Junction,  a  station  in  Washington  oo.,  Yt.,at 
the  junction  of  the  Montpelier  A  Wells  River  Railroad  with 
the  Barre  Branch  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  2  miles 
from  Montpelier. 

Bar'rellville,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cum- 
berland. 

Bar'rel-of-But'ter  Island,  a  skerry  or  small  islet 
of  Scotland,  Orkney,  off  the  S.  end  of  Pomona.     The  tenant 


BAB 


591 


BAB 


»ja  the  proprietor  a  barrel  of  butter  as  rent  for  the  privi- 
ege  of  killing  seals  on  it. 

Barre  Mills,  a  post-oflBce  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.,  about 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Bar'ren  or  Big  Barren  River,  of  Kentucky,  rises 

[,in  or  near  Monroe  co.     It  runs  northwestward,  intersects 

"Warren  co.,  and  enters  Green  River  at  Woodbury,  about  20 

:-iniles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.     Length,  nearly  120  miles. 

Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Bowling  Green. 

Barren,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  445  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little 
Barren  River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is 
covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  which  has  a  terminus  at 
Glasgow  the  capital  of  the  county.  The  Green  River  forms 
its  S.W.  boundary.  Cavernous  limestone  is  abundant  in 
this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,780;  in  1880,  22,321;  in 
1890,  21,490. 

Barren  Creek  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico 
CO.,  Md.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  3 
ohurches  and  a  saw-mill ;  also  a  medicinal  spring. 

Barren  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  50 
miles  from  Newport.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Barren  Hill  (Post-office,  Lafayette  Hill),  a  post-ham- 
let of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  several  hotels  and  general  stores. 

Barren  Island,  a  sandy  island  off  the  S.  shore  of 
Long  Island,  in  the  township  of  Gravesend,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y. 

Barren  Island,  an  island  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Placentia  Bay,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Harbor  BufFett. 

Barren  Island,  one  of  the  Hunter  Islands,  ofT  the 
N.E.  point  of  Tasmania.     Length,  15  miles. 

Barren  Island,  a  volcanic  island  in  the  Bay  of  Ben- 
gal, E.  of  the  Andaman  Isles,  1848  feet  in  height. 

Barren  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  on  the  coast 
of  Alaska,  at  the  entrance  to  Cook's  Inlet.  The  principal 
are  Amatuli  and  Ushugat. 

Barren  Lake,  a  station  on  the  Michigan  Central  (Air- 
Line)  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Cassopolis,  Mich. 

Barren  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 

Barren  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn. 

Bar're  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Barre  township,  on  Ware  River,  about  19  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Worcester.  It  is  on  the  Ware  River  Railroad,  21  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Palmer.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  factories. 

Bar'rett,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  81  miles  W. 
of  Atchison.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  broom- 
factories. 

Barrett,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
A  Clearfield  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Clearfield. 

Barrett,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  930. 

Barrett's  Junction,  a  station  in  Belchertown,  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Springfield  &  Athol 
and  New  London  Northern  Railroads,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Springfield. 

Barrett's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bar'rettsville,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga.,  about 
60  miles  N.  of  Atlanta. 

Barrettsville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bar'reville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co.,  111.,  in 
Nnnda  township,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  flour- mill. 

Barrh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Barh. 

Barr^head',  a  town  of  Renfrewshire,  Scotland,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  cotton-mills,  print-worku, 
and  bleacheries.     Pop.  6209. 

Bar'rie,  a  post-town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  Simcoe  co., 
on  Kempenfeldt  Bay,  Lake  Simcoe,  60  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Toronto.  It  has  10  churches,  3  banks,  an  academy,  3 
weekly  newspapers,  3  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  3  carriage- 
factories,  and  2  woollen-factories.  The  railroad  shops  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  are  near  here.     Pop.  in  1891,  5550. 

Bar'rier  Reef,  or  The  Great  Bar'riers  Reef, 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  commences  with  Breaksea 
Spit,  in  lat.  24°  30'  S.,  Ion.  168°  20'  E.,  and  extends  to  Bris- 
tow  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Papua,  in  lat.  9°  15'  S.,  Ion.  143° 
20'  E.,  a  distance  of  1260  miles.  This  reef  is  composed  of 
ooral,  and  rises  from  a  great  depth,  no  bottom  having  been 
reached  in  some  places  with  a  line  of  285  fathoms. 

Barriga  Negra,  baK-Ree'gi  ni'gri,  a  town  or  village 
of  Uruguay,  South  America,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Montevideo. 

Bar'riuger's,  a  township,  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  998. 


Bar'rington,  a  post-town  of  Cook  co..  111.,  about  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chicago,  on  the  Janesville  Branch  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
several  butter-  and  cheese- factories.     Pop.  in  1890.  848. 

Barrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Barrington  township,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Concord.  It  has 
2  churches  and  several  lumber-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1581.  Barrington  Station  is  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nashua,  at  East  Barrington. 

Barrington,  a  post-township  of  Yates  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Crooked  Lake.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  1506.  Barring* 
ton  Post-Offioe  is  at  Warsaw. 

Barrington,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Bristol 
CO.,  R.I.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Providence,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  W.  by  Narragansett  Bay.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  brick- 
yard. Pop.  of  village,  106 ;  of  township,  1185.  Barrington 
Station  is  at  Barrington  Centre  (which  see). 

Barrington,  a  post- village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec, 
4  miles  from  Hemmingford.     Pop.  125. 

Barrington,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
Shelburne,  161  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  800. 

Barrington  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co , 
R.I.,  on  the  Providence,  Warren  &  Bristol  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Providence.     Pop.  120. 

Barrington  Passage,  a  seaport  town  in  Shelburne 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  E.  of  Barrington.     Pop.  500. 

Bar'risville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
from  New  Brighton. 

Bar'ron,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  baa 
an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Red 
Cedar  or  Menomonee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Hay 
River.  It  contains  several  lakes.  The  surface  is  exten 
sively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  produces  oats,  potatoes 
&o.  Capital,  Barron.  Pop.  in  1870,  538;  in  1880,  7024 
in  1890,  15,416. 

Barron,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Barron,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Barron  co. 
Wis.,  on  Vermilion  River,  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth 
and  48  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Osceola  Mills.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 4  churches,  a  state  bank,  woollen-,  flour-,  and  wood- 
working-mills, and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  829. 

Bar'ronsfield,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  from  Maccan.     Pop.  125. 

Barrosa,  baR-Ro'si,  a  village  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Andalusia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz. 

Barrow,  b3,r'ro,  or  Borragh,  bor'riH,  a  river  of  Ire- 
land, in  Leinster,  flows  generally  southward,  and  joins  the 
Suir  to  form  Waterford  harbor. 

Bar'row,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Rock  Island  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar'row-in-Fur'ness,  a  borough  and  port  of  Lan- 
cashire, England,  on  Morecambe  Bay,  opposite  to  and 
including  Walney  Island.  It  is  the  terminus  of  several 
railways,  and  has  some  of  the  largest  iron-  and  steel-works 
in  England,  ship-yards,  wire  and  railway-carriage  works, 
flax-  and  jute-mills,  &c.  It  has  excellent  docks  and  harbor- 
works,  and  is  in  part  built  on  land  reclaimed  from  the  sea. 
It  was  until  a  few  years  ago  an  insignificant  village.  Pop. 
in  1871,  18,584;  in  1881,  47,259;  in  1891,  61,712. 

Bar'row  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  20°  45'  S., 
Ion.  139°  3'  W.,  was  named  in  honor  of  Sir  John  Barrow. 

Barrow's  Lake,  towards  the  S.  of  Newfoundland,  is 
about  18  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide.  It  has  its  outlet  by  a 
river  emptying  into  Fortune  Bay. 

Barrow's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Bar'row  Strait,  a  channel  in  the  N.  part  of  North 
America,  is  about  40  miles  wide.  The  E.  part  of  it  is  con- 
tiguous to  Lancaster  Sound  and  Prince  Regent  Inlet.  It 
communicates  with  Melville  Sound  on  the  W.  It  is  near 
lat.  74°  N.,  and  is  included  between  Ion.  84°  and  90°  W. 

Bar'rowsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Norton  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  New  Bedford  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Barr's,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grade 
division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of 
Driftwood, 

Barr's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  of  Columbia,     It  has  a  turpentine  distillery, 

Barr's  Mills,  a  village  in  Stark  co,,  0.,  on  the  Tus- 
carawas Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mnssillon, 
in  Sugar  Creek  township.  It  has  2  churcheo,  a  bank,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 


BAR 


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Barr's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.,  in 
Sugar  Creek  township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  11  miles  W.  of 
Dover.     It  has  1  or  2  mills. 

Barr's  Store,  a  post-township  of  Maooupin  co.,  III., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.     Pop.  999. 

Barrs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  14 
miles  from  Lake  City. 

Barrum  ad  Albnlam,  Latin  for  Bar-sur-Aube. 

Barrum  ad  Sequanam,  Latin  for  Bar-sur-Seine. 

Barry,  b&r'ree,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Thornapple  River,  and  also  drained  by  Fall  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  adorned  with  numerous  small 
lakes.  A  large  portion  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
ash,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  tulip-tree  abound.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand 
River  Valley  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hastings.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,199 ;  in  1880,  25,317  ; 
in  1890,  23,783. 

Barry,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  810  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  White  River  and  Flat  Creek.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hick- 
ory, oak,  yellow  pine,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  productions.  Among 
the  minerals  of  this  county  are  carboniferous  limestone  and 
lead.  Capital,  Cassville.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  which,  entering  it  at 
Plymouth  in  the  extreme  N.,  divides  it  into  two  portions, 
of  which  the  E.  one  is  far  the  larger.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,373  ; 
in  1880,  14,405;  in  1890,  22,943. 

Barry,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  111.,  in  Barry  town- 
ship, on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo., 
and  27  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  flouring-mills,  and 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  1600  ;  of  the  township,  2496. 

Barry,  a  post-office  of  Coflfey  co.,  Kansas. 

Barry,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1230. 

Barry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Brown's  Valley,  and  38  miles  W.  of  Morris. 

Barry,  a  post- village  of  Clay  and  Platte  cos..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Barry,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in  Barry 
township,  about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pottsville,  and  44  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  of  township,  950. 

Barry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Corsicana. 

Barrytown,  b&r'ree-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Red  Hook  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and 
on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  94  miles  N.  of  New  York. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  248. 

Barryville,  b5.r'ree-vil,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co., 
Iowa,  about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Dubuque. 

Barryville,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo. 

Barryville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  and  on  the  Delaware  River 
(which  separates  it  from  Shohola  Station  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road), 19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  suspension  bridge,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  about  250. 

Barryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Bars,  a  town  and  county  of  Hungary.     See  Barsch. 

Barsac,  baR^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Garonne,  19  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2870. 

Barsch,  baRsh  (Hun.  Ban,  boRsh),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  the  county,  57  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth,  and  di- 
vided by  the  river  Gran  into  Old  and  New  Barsch  (pop. 
respectively  1000  and  820),  formerly  a  free  fortified  town. 
The  county  of  Barsch  has  137,191  inhabitants.  In  the  S. 
it  is  rich  in  grain  and  fruit.  The  mountains  in  the  N. 
formerly  yielded  gold  and  silver. 

Barsi,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bursee. 

Barstow,  a  small  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  at  a  railway  junction,  81  miles  by  rail,  or  about  45 
miles  direct,  N.  of  San  Bernardino. 

Bar-sur-Aube,  baR-silR-ob  (L.  Bar'rum  ad  Al'bu- 
lam),  an  ancient  town  of  France,  department  of  Aube,  33 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Troyes,  on  the  Aube.  It  has  a  com- 
merce in  wine,  wood,  hemp,  and  wool.     Pop.  4453. 

Bar-sur-Ornain.    See  Bar-le-Duc. 

Bar- sur- Seine,  baR-suR-8ine(L.  bar'rum  ad  ^^'uo- 
•nam),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Aube,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Troyes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine.  This  was 
ui  important  town  in  the  Middle  Ages.  It  was  the  scene 
»f  a  severe  engagement  between  Napoleon  and  the  allies, 
25th  May,  1814.     Pop.  2798. 


Bart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bare  town- 
ship, about  50  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  The  township  ha» 
4  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  nickel-mines  which  are- 
the  richest  in  the  United  States.     Pop.  of  township,  1432. 

Bartan,  baRHin',  a  town  of  Anatolia,  on  the  Bartan 
Soo  (anc.  Parthe'nius),  near  its  mouth  in  the  Black  Sea,. 
45  jniles  N.E.  of  Ereglee.     It  has  5  mosques.     Pop.  6500. 

Barten,  baR't^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  47  miles  S.E. 
of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  1735. 

Bartenheim,  baR't§n-hime^  (Fr,  pron.  baRH?n-4m'),. 
a  village  of  Alsace,  Germany,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  from 
Miilhausen.     Pop.  1885. 

Bartenstein,  baR't^n-stine*,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,^ 
33  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Alle.  Pop, 
6879,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  linens,  woollens,  etc. 

Bartfa,  boRt'foh^  or  Bartfeld,  banffSlt,  a  town  of 
North  Hungary,  co.  of  Saros,  on  the  Tepla,  155  miles  N.E^ 
of  Pesth,  is  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.     Pop.  5303. 

Bart'gestown,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Barth,  or  Bart,  baRt,  a  seaport  of  Prussia,  Pomerania,^ 
on  the  Binnensee.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Barth,  17  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  6774. 

Bartholin^,  or  Sanct  Bartholin^,  s&nkt  bar- 
tol'md,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Neustadtl-Rudolphswerth.     Pop.  3786. 

Bartholom^ussee,  Bavaria.     See  Konigsee 

Bartholomew,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  ^art  of 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  i» 
drained  by  the  Driftwood  Fork  of  White  River,  Lud  by 
Clifty  and  Flat  Rock  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  level 
and  partly  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheats 
and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  JefiFersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad.  Two 
branches  of  that  road  also  connect  at  Columbus,  which  is^ 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,133 ;  in  1880,  22,777 ;  ii^ 
1890,  23,867. 

Bartholomew,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashley  co..  Ark.,  od> 
Bayou  Bartholomew,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg. 

Bartholomew,  Drew  co..  Ark.     See  Baxter. 

Bartholomew  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  river  of  Arkansas,, 
rises  in  JeflFerson  co.,  near  Pine  BlufiF.  Its  general  direc- 
tion is  nearly  southward  until  it  crosses  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  the  state  and  enters  Morehouse  parish  in  Louisiana. 
It  runs  thence  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Ouachita  River 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Bastrop.  Its  length  is  about  275 
miles.    It  is  said  to  be  navigable  by  steamboats  for  200  miles., 

Bartholomew's  Station,  in  Washington  co.,  Md.,. 
is  on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio- 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Bar'tholow's  Water  Station,  in  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  is  on  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
Baltimore. 

Bar'tleson,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  Jt 
Western  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Stanley,  Kansas. 

Bart'lett,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  29  miles  by- 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, a  hotel,  and  several  carriage-shops.     Pop.  about  150, 

Bartlett,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  25  miles- 
by  rail  S.  of  Council  Bluffs.     Pop.  106. 

Bartlett,  a  post-village  of  Wheeler  oo.,  Nebraska,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Albion.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  superior  system  of  water-works.  Pop» 
400. 

Bartlett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  in  Bart- 
lett township,  on  the  Saoo  River,  and  on  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  72  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  Z 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Near  here  is  Mount 
Kearsarge,  3251  feet  high.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  1247. 

Bartlett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Rome.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- factory, 

Bartlett,  a  post-office  at  the  village  of  Plymouth,. 
Washington  co.,  0.,  18  miles  W.  of  Marietta. 

Bartlett,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  11  mile* 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bartlett,  a  post-town  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  57  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.  Extensive  shipments 
of  cotton  are  made  at  this  point.     Pop.  600. 

Bartlett's  Island,  Lake  Superior.  See  Outer  Island, 

Bartlett  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Bartlett  Creek,  25  miles  by  stage  N.E.  of  Lakeport. 

Bart'ley,  a  post- village  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Republican  River,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Indianola.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2: 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  300. 

Bartley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J,,  15  mile» 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  High  Bridge. 


BAR 


593 


BAS 


Bart'Iow,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pop.  126. 

Bart'mer,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  liailroad,  6  miles  N.  of  St. 
Louis. 

Dar'to,  a  village  in  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  is  the  present  N. 
terminus  of  the  Colebrookdale  Railrosid,  13  miles  N.  of 
Pottstown.     Here  are  mines  of  excellent  iron  ore. 

Bar'told,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  about 
10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bartolom&us,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies.  See 
Saint  Bartholomew. 

Bar'ton,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansae, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  productive.  Magnesian  limestone,  sandstone,  and 
fire-clay  are  found  in  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  Fe  Railroad.  About  99  per  cent, 
is  prairie,  but  timber  is  cultivated  in  all  parts.  Capital, 
Great  Bend.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,318;  in  1890,  1.3,172. 

Barton«  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  612  square  miles. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  North  Fork  of  Spring  River 
and  several  afBuents  of  the  Osage  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies,  among  which  groves  of  timber 
are  distributed.  Maize,  wheat,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found  here.  Capital,  La- 
mar.    Pop.  in  1870.  5087 ;  in  1880,  10,3.12  ;  in  1890  ,18,504. 

Barton^  a  post- village  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mem- 
phis &  Charleston  Railroad,  134  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Mem- 
phis, 11  miles  W.  of  Tuscumbia,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the 
Tennessee  River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It  has 
an  academy  and  several  churches. 

BartoU;  a  station  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Georgia,  94  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Barton,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1626. 

Barton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Canada 
township,  11  miles  E.  of  Liberty  Railroad  Station. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  is  in  the  celebrated 
Cumberland  coal-field,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland.  Coal 
is  mined  here  by  four  companies.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Barton,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  404. 

Barton,  a  post-oflBce  of  Barton  co..  Mo. 

Barton,  a  station  of  Cheyenne  co..  Neb.,  near  the  Col- 
orado line,  369  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Barton,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Cayuta  Creek. 
It  contains  the  large  village  of  Waverly  and  the  post- 
village  of  Barton,  which  is  on  the  Erie  and  Southern  Cen- 
tral Railroads,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira.  Barton  village 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <fcc.     Total  pop.  5944. 

Barton,  a  post-oflBce  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Barton,  a  post- village  of  Orleans  oo.,  Vt.,  is  on  Barton 
River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Newport,  and  about  42 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  contains  the  Barton  Acad- 
emy, a  national  bank,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  and  a 
machine-shop.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lumber,  furniture,  sash,  kc,  and  contains  a  village  named 
Barton  Landing.     Pop.  of  township,  1911. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  on  Mil- 
waukee River,  in  a  deep  valley  in  Barton  township,  and  on 
the  Milwaukee  &  Fond  du  Lac  Air-Line  Railroad,  36  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels,  a  con- 
vent, an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1350. 

Barton  City,  a  township  of  Barton  co..  Mo.    Pop. 270. 

Barto'nia,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Bar'ton  Lantl'lng,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
in  Barton  township,  on  Barton  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsio 
Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Ira«burg,  and  9  miles  S.  of 
Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  caskets,  carriages,  etc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bar'ton's  Creek,  a  township,  Wake  co.,  N.C.   P.  1585. 

Bar'tonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  in 
Pocono  township,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Stroudsburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Bartonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
Williams  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  43 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar'ton-upon-Hum'ber,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Lincoln,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Humb*r,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Hull.     The  river  i?  here  6  miles  across.     It  has  a  trade  in 


corn  and  flour,  and  manufactures  of  ropes,  sacking,  bricks, 
and  tiles.     Pop.  4332. 
Bar'tonville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Peoria  co.,  111., 

2  miles  from  Peoria.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  600. 
Bartonville,  a  village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in  HoriooD 

township,  10  miles  E.  of  Riverside  Station.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  cabinet-wares. 

Bartonville,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 

3  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  100. 
Bartossowice,  Austria.    See  Partscbendorp. 
Bar'tow,  formerly  called  Cass,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 

part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  491  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Etowah  River,  which  flows  through  its 
S.  portion,  from  E.  to  W.,  in  an  irregular  course.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Iron,  limestone, 
and  marble  are  abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad  and  the  Rome  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Cartersville.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,566;  in  1880, 
18,690  ;  in  1890,  20,616. 

Bartow,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
South  Florida  and  the  Florida  Southern  Railroads,  68  miles 
8.  by  W.  of  Sanford,  and  74  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Punta  Gorda. 
It  contains  5  churches,  an  academy,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  extensive  phosphate  mining  plants,  as  well  as  large 
orange  groves.     Pop.  in  1880,  77;  in  1890,  1386. 

Bartow,  a  post-town  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  81  miles  E.  of  Macon,  and  15  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  5  churches  (2  white,  3  col- 
ored) and  an  academy.     Pop.  in  1890   437. 

Bartow-on-the-Sound,  a  post-office  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Pelham  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound.  Bar- 
tow Station  is  on  the  Harlem  River  Branch  of  the  New  YorV 
<fc  New  Haven  Railroad,  9  miles  from  New  York. 

Bar'tramville,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Bartsch,  baRtch,  a  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Posen,  and  enters  the  Oder  above  Glogau. 

Bart'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bart 
township,  7  miles  from  Christiana. 

Baru,  bd,-roo',  an  island  ofl'  the  coast  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  near  the  port  of  Cartagena.  It  is  fertile  and 
populous,  and  has  a  good  port. 

Bar^uipoor',  a  town  or  collection  of  villages  in  India, 
Bengal,  16  miles  S.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  Protestant  mission 
church  and  an  orphanage.     Pop.  3231. 

Baruth,  b&'root,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  31 
miles  S.E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  1897. 

Barvas,  baR'vis,  a  village  of  Scotland,  Isle  of  Lewis, 
Hebrides,  co.  of  Ross.     Pop.  501. 

B&rwalde,  biR'^3,rd§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-Oder.    Pop.  3765. 

B&rwalde,  or  Beerwalde,  b^R'-^ilM^h,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  near  Stettin.     Pop.  2212. 

Barwallah,  or  Barwala,  bar-w&l'la,  a  town  of  India, 
78  miles  S.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  6813. 

Barysz,  or  Barycz,  b&'rish,  a  town  of  Austrian  Gki- 
licia,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stanislawow.     Pop.  2766. 

Bas,  bis,  or  Batz,  b&ts,  a  small  island  of  France,  in 
the  English  Channel,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Morlaix.  It  is  3 
miles  in  length,  by  2  miles  in  breadth,  and  has  on  it  two 
forts  and  a  revolving  light.     Pop.  1167. 

Bas,  a  town  of  France.    See  Bas-en-Basset. 

Basahid,  b6h^s6h^heed',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Torontal.     Pop.  3727. 

Basalt  (ba-sawlf)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  is  in  lat.  40°  21'  11"  N.,  Ion.  106°  15' 
12"  W.     It  has  an  altitude  of  11,906  feet  above  the  sea. 

Ba^santpoor',  a  village  of  India,  Muzufiferpoor  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Muzufiferpoor.     Pop.  6130. 

Basardschik,  or  Basaijeek.  See  Hajee-Ooloo- 
Bazarjeek. 

Basberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Sebastiansberq. 

Baschi  Islands.    See  Basheb  Islands. 

Bas'co,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Quinoy.     It  has  a  church,  a  steam-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Bascom,  bas'kgm,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Bascom,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Tiffin.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  107. 

Bas^deopoor',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district. 
Pop.  3508. 

Baseelan,  or  Basilan,  bi-see'lin',  one  of  the  largest 
islands  of  the  Sooloo  Archipelago,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Mindanao,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Strait  of  Ba- 
seelan.  It  is  about  42  miles  in  length,  by  6  average  breadth. 


BAS 


594 


BAS 


Dasel,  bi'z?!  (Ger.  Basel,  bi'z^l;  TSr.  Basle  or  B&le, 
bai;  L.  Baaili'a  or  Basile'a),  a  city  of  Switzerland,  capital 
of  the  district  of  Basel  Town.  It  is  43  miles  N.  of  Bern, 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  Rhine,  which  divides  the  town 
into  two  parts, — Gross-  Basel,  or  Great  Basel,  on  the  left 
bank,  and  Klein  Basel,  or  Little  Basel,  on  the  right  bank. 
Lat.  47°  34'  N.  j  Ion.  7°  36'  E.  Each  of  these  parts  is  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways.  Basel  is  surrounded  by  walls, 
and  is  tolerably  well  built;  streets  irregular,  but  clean,  and 
plentifully  supplied  with  fountains.  The  cathedral,  built 
by  Henry  II.  in  1019,  has  a  tower  250  feet  high,  and  is 
one  of  the  finest  churches  in  Switzerland.  The  public 
library  contains  100,000  volumes,  with  many  manuscripts, 
and  an  interesting  collection  of  paintings  and  drawings  by 
Holbein.  The  university,  founded  in  1459,  by  Pope  Pius 
II.,  and  reorganized  in  1817,  with  24  professors,  was  the 
first  great  seminary  of  learning  established  in  Switzerland. 
The  town  has  also  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  an  ele- 
mentary polytechnic  school,  a  theological  institution,  a 
school  of  practical  agriculture,  the  Erasmus  college,  orphan- 
ages, a  deaf-mute  school,  a  school  for  Protestant  mission- 
aries, a  fine  museum,  and  picture-galleries.  As  a  commer- 
cial and  manufacturing  town,  Basel  is  the  most  important  in 
Switzerland.  Its  ribbon-manufactories  are  extensive ;  and 
it  also  produces  linen,  paper,  silks,  gloves,  leather,  jewelry, 
printed  cottons,  and  turnery  ware.     Pop.  (1888)  69,809. 

Basel)  or  B&Ie^  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  situated  in 
the  N.W.,  on  the  frontiers  of  Alsaee  and  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden.  Area,  185  square  miles.  Surface  undulating. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Rhine  and  its  tributaries,  the  Birz  and 
Ergolz.  Corn  enough  is  raised  for  home  consumption,  and 
some  wine  is  produced.  Chief  manufactures,  ribbons,  wool- 
lens, linens,  leather,  iron  and  steel  wares.  In  1832  it  was 
divided  into  two  portions  entirely  independent  of  each  other, 
viz.,  Basel  Town  (Bi,le  Ville),  which  comprises  the  city  and 
several  surrounding  communes  (pop.  73,739),  and  Basel 
Land  (B3,le  Campagne),  the  capital  of  which  is  Liesthal, 
embracing  the  remaining  communes  (pop.  61,941). 

Base  Lake^  a  post-office  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  at 
Dover,  a  hamlet,  5  miles  from  Dexter. 

Basele^  bi-s^'l^h  or  b&^zail',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Dendermonde. 
In  the  commune  many  bricks  are  made.     Pop.  5000. 

Baselice^  bi-sdl'e-chJt,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  a  mountain, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3868. 

Bas>  en-Basset,  biz-5N<'.bis^si',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Loire,  11  miles  N.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  3022. 

Basento,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Basiento. 

Bas'ford)  a  town  of  England,  1^  miles  N.  of  Notting- 
ham.    It  manufactures  hosiery  and  lace.     Pop.  13,038. 

Ba'sham's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
13  miles  from  Hartsell's  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ba'shau,  a  hamlet  in  East  Haddam  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Conn.,  5  miles  from  Goodspeed's  Landing.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods.  Bashan  Falls,  at  this  place, 
are  regarded  as  the  highest  in  the  state. 

Bashan,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  201. 

Bashan,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Bash^aw',  a  post-township  of  Burnett  co..  Wis.     P.  65. 

Bashee  or  Bashi  (b&^shee')  Islands,  or  Batanes, 
b&-ti'nds,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  archipelago  of  the 
Philippines,  between  Luzon  and  Formosa. 

Bashi,  bash'i,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ala. 

Bashka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yashka. 

Bashkeers,  or  Bashkirs,  bd.sh'keerz\  a  people  in- 
habiting the  plains  adjoining  the  South  Uralian  Mountains, 
on  the  confines  of  Europe  and  Asia,  between  the  parallels 
of  52°  and  55°  30'  N.  lat.  and  the  meridians  of  58°  and  63° 
E.  Ion.  The  origin  of  this  people  is  obscure ;  their  language 
difi"ers  but  little  from  that  of  the  Tartars  of  Kazan  ;  but  they 
are  regarded  as  an  ofi"shoot  of  the  Finnish  stock.  The  Bash- 
keers are  partly  settled  as  cultivators  of  the  soil ;  many  are 
nomads.     They  are  Mohammedans,  very  poor  and  ignorant. 

Basht,  bisht,  a  citadel  and  village  of  Persia,  province 
of  Fars,  SO  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sheeraz. 

Ba'sic  City,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  26  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
a  normal  college  and  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
numerous  mineral-water  springs,  &o. 

Basidoh,  b^-se-do',  or  Bas^sadore',  a  village  at  the 
west  end  of  the  island  of  Kishm,  in  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat. 
26°  39'  N.  J  Ion.  55°  22'  E.  It  is  a  station  for  British  ships, 
and  has  a  small  bazaar  and  a  hospital. 

Basiento,  b&-se-in'to,  or  Basento,  b&-sdn'to  (anc. 
Oasuen'tus),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  rises  in  the  Apen- 
nines, W.  of  Potenza,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Taranto.  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Taranto.     Length,  50  miles. 


Ba'sil,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  25  miles  bj 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Columbus,  on  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  and  an  iron- 
foundry.     Pop.  406. 

Basilan,  island,  Sooloo  Archipelago.     See  Baseelan. 

Basilia  and  Basilea,  Latin  names  of  Basel. 

Basilicata,  bd.-se-le-k&'t&  (anc.  Luca'nia),  a  com- 
partimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  embracing  the  single 
province  of  Potenza,  having  on  the  S.E.  the  Gulf  of  Ta- 
ranto. Capital,  Potenza.  Area,  4122  square  miles.  It  is 
mostly  mountainous,  being  traversed  by  the  Apennines, 
but  has  a  fine  plain  on  the  shores  of  the  gulf,  watered  by 
several  small  streams.  Chief  products,  wine,  cotton,  oil,  to- 
bacco, and  saffron.  Principal  towns,  Potenza,  Francavilla, 
and  Tursi.     Pop.  in  1875,  517,069 ;  in  1890,  538,707. 

Basiluzzo,  one  of  the  Lipari  Islands.  See  Vaccheluce. 

Ba'singstoke,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
45  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  London.  It  has  a  church  built 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  an  ancient  free  school,  a  blue- 
coat  school,  founded  in  1646,  a  market-house,  town  hall,  and 
jail,  and  a  large  trade  in  com  and  malt.  By  a  canal  it 
communicates  with  the  Wey  and  the  Thames.     Pop.  6674. 

Ba'sin  Har'bor,  a  village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  20  miles  S.  from  Burlington. 

Ba'sin  Mills,  a  station  in  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the 
European  &  North  American  Railroad,  7^  miles  N.  of 
Bangor. 

Basin  Mountain,  apeak  of  the  Adirondaoks,  in  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4905  feet. 

Basin  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  from  Franklin. 

Basin  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  IS 
miles  from  Sherman. 

Baskahe'gan  River,  in  Maine,  rises  in  a  lake  of  its 
own  name,  and  empties  into  the  Mattawamkeag. 

Basket  Station,  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.  See  Douglas 
City. 

Bask'ing  Ridge,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Bernards  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Rail* 
road,  26  miles  W.  of  Newark.  It  has  4  churches,  and  & 
manufactory  of  condensed  milk. 

Bask'inton,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  pariah,  La.;  15 
miles  from  Delhi. 

Basle,  a  city  of  Switzerland.    See  Basel. 

Bas'netsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  10  miles  from  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Basouda,  b&-s5w'da,  a  town  of  Central  India,  150 
miles  S.W.  of  Gwalior,  said  to  comprise  2000  houses. 

Basque  (bask)  Provinces  (Span.  Vaacongadaa,  vis- 
kon-gi'Dis),  a  country  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  E.  by  Navarre,  S.  by  the  province  of  Logrono,  and 
W.  by  Burgos  and  Santander.  The  three  Basque  provinces 
are  Biscay,  capital  Bilbao ;  Guipuzcoa,  capital  To! osa;  and 
Alava,  capital  Vitoria.  The  Basques  are  nearly  all  shep- 
herds. They  speak  a  language  called  Basque,  Euscara,  or 
Escuara,  which  has  little  analogy  with  any  other  known 
tongue.     The  French  part  of  the  Basque  country  is  now 

comprised  in  the  department  of  Bas8es-Pyr6n6es. Adj 

and  inhab.  Basque,  bask. 

Basqueville,  a  town  of  France.    See  Bacqueyille. 

Basra,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Bassorah. 

Bas-Rhin,  bi^RiN"'  ("Lower  Rhine"),  a  former 
French  department,  now  the  district  of  Lower  Alsace,  in 
Germany.     See  Alsace. 

Bass,  a  large,  insulated,  greenstone  rock  of  Scotland,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  N.E.  of  North 
Berwick,  is  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  420  feet  high. 

Bassa,  bis'si,  Baf  fa,  or  Buf'fa,  a  harbor  of  Liberia, 
between  Capes  Mesurado  and  Palmas. 

Bassadore,  a  village  of  Kishm.    See  Basidoh. 

Bassahir,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bussaher. 

Bassain,  district  and  towns  of  Burmah.    See  Bassein. 

Bassam,  or  Grand  Bassam,  grand  bd,s's§,m'  or 
gr6K<»  bis^sfiu"',  a  French  town  of  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  on 
the  Gold  Coast,  near  the  mouth  of  the  riyer  of  its  own  name. 
It  exports  palm-oil,  peanuts,  <&c. 

Bassam,  or  Grand  Bassam,  called  also  Rio  de 
Sueiro  da  Costa,  ree'o  d4  sw&'e-ro  d&  kos't&,  a  river 
of  Western  Africa,  the  mouth  of  which  is  on  the  southern 
part  of  the  Ivory  Coast,  in  lat.  5°  10'  N.,  Ion.  3°  45'  W. 

Bassano,  bis-si'no,  an  episcopal  city  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Vicenza,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Alps,  near  the  Brenta.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  is  well 
built,  and  well  paved.  The  inhabitants  are  noted  for  their 
industry,  their  manufactures  and  trade  in  silk  fabrics,  paper, 
hats,  woollens,  and  copper-ware.  In  the  private  houses,  the 
communal  palace,  and  the  churches,  are  celebrated  paint- 


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ings,  especially  those  of  Giaoomo  da  Ponte,  sumamed  Bas- 
Bano.  It  has  a  picture-gallery,  a  handsome  theatre,  and  a 
Dotanic  garden.  The  printing  establishment  of  Remondini 
is  ancient  and  celebrated.  On  September  9,  1796,  the  Aus- 
trians  were  here  defeated  by  the  French.     Pop.  13,254, 

Bas^sar',  or  Poo'lo  Bas^sar',  a  small  island  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ceram.  Lat.  2° 
45'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  10'  E. 

Bassas  da  India.    See  Europa. 

Bassein,  or  Bassaiil)  b&s^s&ne'  or  b&s^sine',  a  district 
of  British  Burmah,  bounded  S.  and  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Ben- 
gal, and  E.  by  the  Irrawaddy.  Area,  8954  square  miles. 
The  western  part  is  mountainous,  but  the  Irrawaddy  delta 
is  an  exceedingly  fertile  region,  producing  rice,  oil-seeds, 
cotton,  and  tobacco.     Capital,  Bassein.     Pop.  316,883. 

Bassein,  or  Bassain,  a  town  of  Burmah,  capital  of 
the  above,  on  the  Bassein  River,  a  navigable  delta-branch  of 
the  Irrawaddy.     It  has  a  great  trade  in  rice.     Pop.  19,577. 

Bassein^  bis-sine',  a  seaport  town  of  India,  presi- 
dency and  30  miles  N.  of  Bombay,  on  an  island  of  the  same 
name.  It  was  taken  by  the  Portuguese  in  1531,  captured  by 
the  Mahrattas  in  1750,  and  ceded  to  the  British  in  1802. 

Bas'senthAvaite,  a  lake  of  England,  in  Cumberland, 
between  Skiddaw  and  Winthorp  Brows  mountains. 

Bas'ses,  or  Great  Bas'ses^  a  ledge  of  rocks,  off  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Ceylon.  Lat.  6°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  39'  E.  Here 
is  a  light-house  with  a  red  flashing  light. 

Little  Basses,  20  miles  from  the  above,  is  in  lat.  6°  52' 
N.,  Ion.  81°  58'  E.  It  has  a  light-house  with  a  beautiful 
group  of  flashing  lights. 

Basses-Alpes,  biss^ilp'  {i.e.,  "  Lower  Alps"),  a  fron- 
tier department  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  bordering  on  Italy. 
Area,  2680  square  miles.  It  is  chiefly  mountainous.  The 
level  portion  is  in  the  S.,  but  only  one-fourth  of  the  land  is 
cultivated.  Principal  rivers,  the  Durance  and  Var.  The  soil 
is  generally  sterile,  but  between  the  mountains  are  valleys 
which  are  very  fertile.  Numerous  sheep  from  neighboring 
departments  are  fed  on  the  mountains.  Fruit,  wine,  wool, 
and  grain  are  staple  products.     Pop.  (1891)  124,285. 

Basses-Pyr6nees,b8,ss-peeVi^ni'  {i.e.,  "Lower  Pyr- 
enees"), a  frontier  department  of  France,  formed  of  part  of 
the  old  province  of  B6arn,  bounded  E.  by  the  department 
of  Haute8-Pyr6n6es,  S.  by  the  Pyrenees,  W.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  and  N.  by  the  departments  of  Landes  and  Gers. 
Area,  2862  square  miles.  Capital,  Pau.  Nearly  half  the 
surface  is  covered  with  pastures  and  marshes,  one-sixth  part 
is  occupied  by  forests,  and  the  rest  is  fertile.  Numerous 
torrents  descend  from  the  mountains.  The  minerals  com- 
prise iron,  copper,  and  marble.  The  mineral  springs  of 
Eaux-Bonnes  and  Eaux-Chaudes  are  much  frequented,  and 
the  salt  from  the  springs  of  Salies  is  in  repute.  Among  the 
products  are  the  oak,  gall-nut,  and  wine ;  and  among  ani- 
mals, the  bear,  the  wolf,  and  the  isard,  a  species  of  chamois. 
Manufactures  unimportant ;  the  chief  are  iron-forging,  and 
theproduction  of  linen  and  paper.     Pop.  (1891)  425,027. 

Basse- Terre,  b8,ss*taiR',  a  seaport  town  of  the  West 
Indies,  capital  of  the  French  island  of  Guadeloupe,  on  its 
S.W.  coast,  in  lat.  15°  59'  30"  N.,  Ion.  61°  44'  W.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  governor  and  the  bishop,  the  seat  of  courts, 
of  a  college  and  seminary,  and  has  several  schools  and  a 
botanic  garden.     It  has  no  harbor.     Pop.  9480. 

Basse- Terre,  bassHair',  a  town  of  the  British  West 
Indies,  capital  of  St.  Christopher,  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands, 
on  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  1 7°  17'  N.,  Ion.  62°  42'  W.  Pop.  8500. 
Its  barbor  is  defended  by  several  batteries,  and  it  has  an 
active  trade  in  salt  and  sugar. 

Bas'sett)  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Charles  City.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  359. 

Bassett,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Rock  co..  Neb.,  in  a 
fine  stock-raising  country,  89  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Neligh. 
It  hiis  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper 
ofiiees.     Pop.  600. 

Bassett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kenosha  &  Rockford  Railroad,  in  a  stock-  and  grain-grow- 
ing region,  22  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 

Bassignana,  bis'soen-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3485. 

Bass'im,  or  Bas'im,  a  district  of  India,  in  Berar. 
Area,  1828  square  miles.     Capital,  Bassim. 

Bassim,  or  Basim,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  50  miles  S.  of  Akola.     Pop.  8531. 

Bassin,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies.     See  Chhistiansted. 

Bassin  d'Arcachon,  ba.s'sS.N"'  dau'ka,'sh6N»',  a  bay 
on  the  W.  coast  of  France,  department  of  Gironde.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  region  of  pines,  sand-dunes,  and  marshes, 
and  has  never  attained  great  commercial  importance,  but 
nf  late  its  oyster-plantations  have  attracted  much  attention. 


Bass  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  about  28 

miles  S.  of  Mankato. 

Bass  Lake,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on  th<> 
St.  Paul,  Stillwater  &  Taylor's  Falls  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul. 

Bass  Lianding,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tcnn. 
Bassorah,  hka'so-rk,  Basra,  b&s'ri,  Balsora,  b&l'- 
so-ri,  or  Bus'sorah  (Arab,  a  "margin"),  a  frontier  city 
and  river-port  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalio  of  Bagdad,  on 
the  Shat-el-Arab,  70  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  270  miles  S.E.  of  Bagdad.  Lat.  30°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
47°  34'  15"  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  of  sun-dried  brick 
from  7  to  9  miles  in  circumference,  the  space  including  rice- 
fields,  date-groves,  and  gardens,  and  intersected  by  canals. 
With  the  exception  of  the  English  factory,  the  governor's 
residence,  and  a  few  of  the  mosques,  there  are  no  good  edi- 
fices. The  bazaars  are  mean,  but  are  stocked  with  all  kinds 
of  goods,  Bassorah  being  the  great  emporium  of  the  Turkish 
Empire  for  Eastern  produce ;  though  the  neighboring  town 
of  Maghil  is  taking  away  its  trade  and  population.  Ships 
of  500  tons  burden  can  come  up  to  the  city,  the  trade  of 
which  is  mostly  carried  on  in  Arabian  bottoms.  Bassorah 
is  a  sickly  place,  and  has  of  late  greatly  declined  in  impor- 
tance.    Pop.  about  10,000. 

Bass  River,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
807.     It  contains  the  village  of  New  Gretna. 

Bass  River,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  14  miles  from  Londonderry.     Pop.  300. 

Bass's  Strait,  separating  Australia  from  Tasmania, 
has  an  average  breadth  of  150  miles.  It  is  much  encum- 
bered with  islands  and  coral  reefs. 

Bass  Station,  a  post-o£&ce  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Stevenson. 

Bass  Station,  on  the  Rome  Railroad,  is  9  miles  E.  of 
Rome,  Ga.,  and  14  miles  W.,of  Kingston. 

Bass'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Brevard  oo.,  Fla.     It  has  a 
church. 
Bass  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Richland  oo.,  Wis. 
Bdstad,  bos't^d,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the  Cattegat,  61 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Christianstad.     Pop.  660. 
Bastar,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bustar. 
Bastelica,  bis-tSl'e-k&,  a  village  of  Corsica,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  2844. 

Basti,  the  ancient  name  of  Baza. 
Basti,  a  town  of  India.  See  Bustbe. 
Bastia,  bis-tee'i,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Corsica,  on 
its  N.E.  coast,  95  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ajaccio.  This  town,  the 
wealthiest  and  most  populous  in  the  island,  is  built  amid 
olive-,  orange-,  and  citron-gardens,  and  has  a  fine  appear- 
ance from  the  sea.  Bastia  is  the  seat  of  a  school  of  hydrog- 
raphy, and  has  a  public  library  with  30,000  volumes,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  oil,  iron,  soap,  pitds,  and  liqueurs. 
Its  trade  is  chiefly  in  wine,  oil,  leather,  goats"  hair,  wax, 
and  coral.  Coral-fishing  is  also  carried  on  to  some  extent. 
Of  late  years  Bastia  has  greatly  increased  in  importance, 
and  has  become  a  centre  of  an  extensive  traffic  between 
France,  Sicily,  Italy,  and  the  Levant.     Pop.  21,535. 

Bastia,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Perugia.     Pop.  3489. 

Bastide-d'Armagnac,  b&sHeed'  daR^m&n^y&k',   a 
town  of  France,  in  Gers,  27  miles  W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  1709. 
Bastide-de-Serou,  b&sHeed'  d^h  s^h-roo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ari6ge,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Foix.     Pop.  2889. 

Bastide-Rouairoux,  b&sHeed'  roo^iVoo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Tarn,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2871. 
Bastita,  the  Latin  name  of  La-Bathib. 
Bastogne,  b3,s^ton',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Luxembourg,  25  miles  N.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2760. 

Bas'trop,  a  county  of  Texas,  near  the  central  part  uf 
the  state,  has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Colorado  River,  which  is  navigable,  and 
enters  it  in  the  W.,  flows  through  the  county  in  a  S.E. 
direction.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  horses  are  the 
staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Taylor, 
Bastrop  &  Houston  branch  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad.  Capital,  Bastrop.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,290 ;  in  1880, 
17,215;  in  1890,  20,736. 

Bastrop,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morehouse  parish. 
La.,  about  124  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Shreveport,  and  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Monroe.  It  has  4  churches,  the  Morehouse  College, 
a  female  academy,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  521. 

Bastrop,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bastrop  oo.,  Tex., 

on  the  left  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  36  miles  below  Austin. 

Cotton  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats.     It  has  a  newspaper 

office,  5  churches,  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1643. 

Bas'tross,  or  Bas'tress,  a  post-office  of  Lyoominjr 


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596 


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ao.,  Pa.,  in  Bastross  township,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Wil- 
liamsport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  251. 

Bas^nrhat%  or  Bus^seerhat',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Bengal,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  12,105. 

Basu'to  Land,  a  division  of  Cape  Colony,  South 
Africa,  at  the  head  of  the  Orange  River  basin.  Area,  10,290 
square  miles.     Pop.  128,176. 

Baswarage,  an  island  of  India.   See  Fortified  Island. 

Bataan,  biHi-in'  or  bi^tin',  a  province  of  Luzon, 
Philippine  Islands,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Manila. 
Pop.  about  35,000. 

Batabano,  bi-ti-Bi-no',  or  Batavano,  b4-t3,-vi-no', 
a  seaport  of  Cuba,  on  its  S.  coast,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Havana, 
with  which  it  communicates  by  a  railroad.     Pop.  2000. 

Batac,  bi^tik',  or  BaHag',  an  island  off  the  N.B. 
ooast  of  Samar,  one  of  the  Philippines.  Lat.  (N.  point) 
12°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  5'  E. 

Bataillons  District,  of  Hungary.    See  Csaikisten. 

Batala,  a  town  of  India.     See  Butala. 

Batalha,  b&-t41'y&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leiria.     Pop.  3054. 

Batalin,  b&-t&-lin'  or  b&-t&-leen',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes.  Lat.  1°  20'  S. ; 
Ion.  124°  E.     It  is  about  25  miles  in  length. 

Batam  Island,  near  Singapore.     See  Battam. 

Batan,  bi-t&n',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
the  principal  of  the  Bashee  (Batanes)  group,  belonging  to 
the  Philippines.     Lat.  20°  30'  N.;  Ion.  130°  E. 

Batan,  a  town  of  China.     See  Pa. 

Batanes,  a  group  of  the  Philippines.     See  Bashee. 

Bat^ang',  a  village  and  seaport  on  the  £.  side  of  the 
island  of  Gilolo,  Malay  Archipelago. 

Batang,  a  native  name  for  the  island  of  Battam. 

Batangas,  b^-t&n'g&s,  a  province  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  Luzon^  S.  of  the  Bay  of  Manila,  and  bounded  S. 
by  the  Mindoro  Strait.  It  is  composed  principally  of  pla- 
teaus and  fertile  meadows,  and  produces  honey,  rice,  maize, 
pepper,  coffee,  cotton,  and  cacao.     Pop.  about  225,000. 

Batangas,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above  province,  sit- 
uated on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  58  miles  S.  of  Manila. 
Lat.  13°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  9'  E.  It  is  well  situated  for 
trade,  the  large  bay  on  which  it  lies  opening  into  the  Strait 
of  Mindoro.     Pop.  of  town  and  district,  17,330. 

Batanta,  ba-tin'ta.,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  end  of 
Papua.     Lat.  (W.  end)  0°  58'  S.;  Ion.  130°  30'  E. 

Bataszek,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Battaszek. 

Batava  Castra,  an  ancient  name  of  Passad. 

Batavanan,  b&-t&-v&-n&n',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago.     Lat.  (N.  point)  14°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  30'  E. 

Batavano,  a  town  of  Cuba.    See  Batabano. 

Batavia,  the  Latin  name  of  The  Netherlands. 

Batavia,  ba-ti've-a  (Dutch  pron.  b4-ti've-i),  a  city 
and  seaport  of  Java,  capital  of  the  Netherlands  Indies  and 
of  the  residency  of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Jakatra  River,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  with  a  free  port, 
extensive  and  safe.  Lat.  6°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  106°  60'  E.  The  city 
is  connected  by  railway  with  Buitenzorg.  The  older  parts 
of  the  town  are  in  low  ground.  Some  of  the  streets  have 
horse-railways,  while  others  have  canals  in  the  Dutch  style. 
Batavia  was  long  very  unhealthy,  but  has  been  much  im- 
proved by  draining  and  by  the  erection  of  handsome  suburbs. 
Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  78°.3 ;  winter,  78°.l ;  sum- 
mer, 78°.6  Fahr,  Temperature  at  midday,  from  80°  to  90° ; 
at  night,  70°  Fahr.  It  has  a  stadt-house,  exchange,  hos- 
pital, numerous  churches,  a  mosque,  a  gymnasium,  several 
Chinese  temples,  a  large  club-house  termed  the  Harmonie, 
and  a  botanic  garden.  The  bay  or  harbor  forms  an  open 
but  small  roadstead  of  great  beauty,  and  may  be  entered  by 
the  largest  vessels.  Batavia  is  the  great  commercial  em- 
porium of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  and  absorbs  by  far  the 
greatest  part  of  the  trade  of  Java  and  Madura.  The  ex- 
ports consist  mostly  of  coffee,  sugar,  pepper,  indigo,  hides, 
cloves,  nutmegs,  mace,  tin,  rice,  rattans,  and  arrack.  Chief 
imports,  linen  and  cotton  goods,  woollen  stuffs,  provisions, 
wines,  metallic  wares,  and  manufactured  articles  of  all  kinds 
from  Europe  and  America ;  with  the  products  of  the  Arch- 
ipelago, China,  Siam,  Bengal,  Japan,  and  the  West  Indies. 
Pop.  196,989  ;  of  the  residency  of  Batavia,  1888, 1,032,577. 

Bata'via,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  200. 

Batavia,  a  post- village  of  Batavia  township,  Kane  co., 
111.,  on  Fox  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Aurora,  and  36  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  branches  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroads.  It  has  12  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  extensive  manufactories 
of  windmills,  castings,  machinery,  &o.     Pop.  about  3500 : 


of  the  township,  3318.  Here  is  Bellevue  Place,  a  private 
asylum  for  the  insane. 

Batavia,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Locust 
Grove  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail* 
road,  13  miles  E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cream- 
ery, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  307. 

Batavia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bof 
tavia  township,  about  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  is 
on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  It  ha» 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1248. 

Batavia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  oa 
Tonawanda  Creek,  32  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Rochester, 
and  36  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Buffalo,  on  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral and  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroads  and  a  branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad.  A  branch  of  the  former  railroad  extends 
from  Batavia  westward  to  Tonawanda  and  eastward  to 
Canandaigua.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  county  jail,  8 
churches,  a  convent,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  high 
and  other  schools,  an  arsenal,  a  public  library,  a  daily  and 

2  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufactures  of  stenm-engines, 
threshing-machines,  ploughs,  farming-implements,  and 
sash  and  blinds.  Batavia  is  the  seat  of  the  New  York 
State  Institute  for  the  Blind.     Pop.  in  1890,  7221. 

Batavia,  a  flourishing  post- village,  capital  of  Clermont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Batavia  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Portsmouth  &  Vir- 
ginia Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  about  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.   It  has  a  national  bank,  5  churches, 

3  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school-house  which  cost  $40,000, 
and  carriage-  and  pressed-brick-factories.  Pop.  in  1890, 
963 ;  of  the  township,  3502. 

Batavia  Junction,  a  station  in  Columbia  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  9  miles 
from  Cincinnati,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Cincinnati  & 
Eastern  Railroad. 

Batch'ellerville,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Edinburg  township,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  about  46 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  wooden-ware.     Pop.  216. 

Batch'elor's  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  5i  miles  S.E.  of  Falmouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Batch^ewa'na,  an  Indian  village  in  Ontario,  45  mile* 
from  Sault  Ste.  Marie.     Pop.  146. 

Batchian  Island,  East  Indies.    See  Bachian. 

Bate'ham,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind. 

Bateham,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas. 

Bate  Island,  an  island  of  Western  Hindostan,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Cutch.  Lat.  22°  26'  N.;  Ion.  69°  15'  E.  It  has  a 
good  harbor  and  a  famous  Hindoo  temple. 

Bateman  (bait'man)  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  S.E.  coast,  142  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Jackson. 
Lat.  36°  15'  S.;  Ion.  150°  20'  E. 

Batenburg,  ba,'t§n-biirg\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  9  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen,  on  the  Meuse. 
Pop.  675.     It  is  the  Op'pidum  Batavo'rum  of  the  Romans. 

Bates,  baits,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  874  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Osage  River,  and  also  drained  by  Grand 
River  and  Miami  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodland  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  horses,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Butler.  Beds  of  bitu- 
minous coal  are  found  in  this  county.  Carboniferous  lime- 
stone and  sandstone  underlie  parts  of  the  surface.  Among 
the  forest  trees  are  the  blue  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
black  walnut,  white  ash,  red  oak,  and  honey-locust.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15,960;  in  1880,  25,381  ;  in  1890,  32,223. 

Bates,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield. 

Batesburg,  baits'burg,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  and  a  graded 
school,  and  a  quarry  of  fine  granite. 

Bates  City,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  33 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop. 
150. 

Batesville,  baits'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co., 
Ala.,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Eufaula.     Here  are  2  churches. 

Batesville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  on  White  River  and  on  2  railroads,  about  90  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  is  the  seat  of  Arkansas  College 
(Presbyterian),  founded  in  1872,  and  contains  also  acade- 
mies and  public  schools  for  white  and  colored.  It  has  3 
newspaper  offices,  several  flouring-mills,  iron  and  lumber 
manufactories,  and  7  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  1264;  in 
1890,  2150. 


BAT 


597 


BAT 


Batesville,  a  post-town  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  54  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ciucinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture. 

Batesville^  a  post-village  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  59 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
Bchool,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  wagons,  ploughs, 
feeders  and  condensers,  and  a  tannery  and  flour-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  704. 

Batesville,  Noble  co.,  Ohio.     See  Williamsburg. 

Batesville,  a  hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Spartanburg. 

Batesville«  a  post-village,  capital  of  Za valla  co., 
Texas,  about  25  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Uvalde.  Pop.  about 
250. 

Batesville^  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  oo.,  Va.,  6 
miles  from  Greenwood  Railroad  Station,  and  15  miles  W.  of 
Charlottesville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  several 
stores.  Here  is  the  Samuel  Miller  Institute  for  the  poor 
children  of  Albemarle  co.,  endowed  by  the  late  Samuel 
Miller  with  several  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

Bath)  bit,  a  town  of  Hungary,  N.  of  the  Danube,  oo. 
of  Hont,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1400. 

Bath)  b3,th  (anc.  A'qux  So'lis),  a  city  and  borough  of 
England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Somerset,  on  the  Avon, 
here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and  on  three  railways,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bristol,  and  100  miles  "W.S.W.  of  London. 
Bath  was  known  to  the  Romans  under  the  name  of  Aquse 
Solis ;  and  baths  were  erected  in  the  reign  of  Claudius. 
The  city  stands  enclosed  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  on  the 
W.  declivity  of  which  its  finest  quarters  extend  in  successive 
terraces ;  and,  being  mostly  built  of  white  freestone,  in  a 
highly-embellished  style,  it  is  perhaps  the  handsomest  city 
in  Britain.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  Abbey  church, 
late  Gothic  style,  St.  James's,  St.  Michael's,  the  guild-hall, 
city  jail,  a  superb  theatre,  the  freemasons'  lodge,  club-house, 
assembly-  and  concert-rooms,  several  large  hospitals,  and  the 
buildings  connected  with  its  famous  baths.  In  the  W.  of 
the  city  is  the  Royal  Victoria  Park ;  and  it  has  numerous 
other  places  of  recreation,  among  which  are  the  Sidney 
Gardens.  Bath  has  a  grammar-school  founded  by  Edward 
VI.,  blue-coat  and  national  schools,  a  Roman  Catholic  col- 
legiate establishment,  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  So- 
ciety, a  literary  and  philosophical  institution,  a  library, 
and  a  mechanics'  institute.  The  hot  springs,  to  which  this 
city  owes  its  origin,  are  saline  and  chalybeate,  temperature 
from  90°  to  117°  Fah. ;  they  rise  immediately  on  the  bank 
of  the  river.  Bath  sends  2  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Bath,  with  Wells,  forms  a  bishopric,  comprising  all 
the  county  of  Somerset,  except  a  part  of  Bristol ;  but  the 
bishop's  palace  and  cathedral  are  at  Wells.     Pop.  52,557. 

Bath,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and 
partly  undulating ;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  live-stock,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone  are  found  in  this  county, 
which  also  contains  medicinal  springs,  from  which  its  name 
is  derived.  Its  S.  portion  is  intersected  by  the  Newport  News 
A  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Owingsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,145;  in  1880,  11,982;  in  1890,  12,813. 

Bath,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  735  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cowpasture  and  Jackson's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  abounds  in  picturesque  scenery.  A  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains  extends  along  the  N.W.  border 
of  this  county,  which  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Lime- 
stone and  iron  ore  are  abundant.  The  soil  produces  good 
pasture,  and  contains  medicinal  springs.  Capital,  Bath  Court- 
House.     Pop.  in  1870,  3795;  in  1880,  4482;  in  1890,  4587. 

Bath,  a  station  on  the  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  & 
Texas  Railroad,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Pine  Blufif,  Ark. 

Bath,  a  station  of  Chaffee  co.,  Col.,  16  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Buena  Vista. 

Bath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bath,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River,  in  Bath  township,  and  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jack- 
sonville Railroad,  49  miles  S.W.  of  Peoria,  and  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs, 
and  wagons ;  also  2  elevators  for  grain,  a  large  quantity  of 
which  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  464;  of  Bath  township,  2124. 

Bath,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  675» 

Bath,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  about  24  miles  S.  by 
W.  from  Richmond. 

Bath,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Saga- 
dahoc CO..  Me.,  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ken- 


nebec River,  12  miles  from  the  ocean,  30  miles  S.  of  Augusta, 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Portland,  and  147  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 
The  city  extends  about  2^  miles  along  the  bank  of  the  river, 
and  nearly  1  mile  back.  It  is  not  laid  out  with  any  great 
regard  to  regularity.  The  site  slopes  gradually  towards  the 
E.,  and,  being  uneven,  the  streets  are  generally  accoutno- 
dated  to  its  inequalities.  The  town  is  well  built,  and  lighted 
by  electricity.  It  has  a  first-class  hotel,  5  national  banks. 
2  savings-banks,  and  11  churches,  1  of  vrhich — the  Central 
Congregational — cost  about  $30,000.  The  Beacon  Street 
Methodist  Church  is  also  a  handsome  edifice.  The  schools 
are  graded,  and  are  among  the  very  best  in  the  state. 
The  night-school  is  attended  both  by  boys  and  by  girls. 
One  iaily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  in  the 
city.  In  the  business  of  shipping,  Bath  is  surpassed  by 
no  city  in  the  United  States.  The  city  enjoys  superior  ad- 
vantages for  navigation,  as  the  river  here  is  seldom  frozen 
in  winter.  The  principal  imports  are  sugar,  molasses,  iron, 
hemp,  and  salt.  The  manufactures  of  the  place  are  such  as 
relate  chiefly  to  ship-building.  Among  these  may  be  men- 
tioned an  extensive  cordage-factory,  two  large  establish- 
ments for  making  ship-blocks,  and  4  steam  saw-mills.  Bath 
has  steamboat  communication  with  Portland,  Augusta,  and 
Boston.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  the  junction  being  at  Brunswick.  Another  rail- 
road, the  Knox  &  Lincoln,  opens  railway  communication 
between  Bath  and  Rockland,  a  distance  of  44  miles,  and 
connects  with  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  Bath  was  settled 
in  1756,  and  incorporated  in  1780.  Pop.  in  1820,  3026; 
in  1830,  3773;  in  1840,  5141;  in  1850,  8020  ;  in  1860,  8076: 
in  1870,  7371 ;  in  1880,  7874;  in  1890,  8723. 

Bath,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  200;  of  i3ath  township,  1224. 

Bath,  a  post-township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  662. 

Bath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  White  Mountains 
Railroad,  94  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  grist-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Ammonoosuc  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  1032  ;  in  1890,  935. 

Bath,  or  Bath  Beach,  a  village  and  pleasant  summer 
resort  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New  Utrecht  township,  on 
Lower  New  York  Bay,  4  miles  from  Greenwood  cemetery. 
It  is  connected  with  Brooklyn  by  railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 

Bath  [on  the  Utjdson'J,  a  village  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  one  of  the  suburbs  of  Albany,  is  in  North  Greenbush, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Green- 
bush  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  of  Greenbush.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  mineral  spring,  and  a  newspaper.    Pop.  1465. 

Bath,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Bath  township,  on  the  Conhocton  Creek,  and  on  the  Roches- 
ter division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  75  miles  S.  by  E.  from 
Rochester,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  the  Haver- 
ling  Union  School,  an  orphan  asylum,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  Ac.  The  New  York  State 
Soldiers'  Home  is  located  here.  Pop.  of  Bath  township 
(1890)  7881;  of  the  village,  3261.  The  Bath  A  Ham 
mondsport  Railroad  extends  hence  9  miles  to  Lake  Keuka. 

Bath,  a  post- village  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, on  the  Pamlico  River,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  New- 
Berne.  It  is  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1969. 

Bath,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1255. 

Bath,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.  Pop.  2684.  It  in- 
cludes Fairfield  and  Osborn. 

Bath,  a  post-township  of  Sammit  oo.,  0.,  about  22  milea 
S.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  1034. 

Bath,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  A  Lackawanna  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Betiilehem, 
and  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  707. 

Bath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  a 
paper-mill.  Bath  Turnout  is  a  station  on  the  Columbia  A 
Augusta  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 

Bath,  West  Virginia.    See  Berkeley  Springs. 

Bath,  a  village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  On- 
tario, 18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  600. 

Bath,  or  Mun'quart,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  30  miles  from 
Woodstock.     Pop.  500. 

Bath  Al 'am,  or  Bath  Alum  Springs,  a  post- village 
and  watering-place  of  Bath  co.,  Va..  about  40  miles  W.S  W. 


BAT 


598 


BAT 


of  Staunton,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath  Court-House,  and  10 
miles  from  Millborough.     It  is  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Bath  Beach,  Kings  co.,  N.Y.     See  Bath. 

Bath  Court-House,  or  Warm  Springs,  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a 
narrow  valley  among  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  about  64 
miles  N.W.  of  Lynchburg,  and  130  miles  (direct)  W.N.W. 
of  Richmond.  Here  are  warm  mineral  springs,  much  fre- 
quented as  a  sumiher  resort.  The  water  has  a  constant 
temperature  of  about  98°  Fahr.  Post-oflSce,  Warm  Springs. 
The  village  has  2  churches  and  a  female  seminary. 

Bath'gate,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow,  19 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  well-endowed 
academy ;  also  branch  banks,  manufactures  of  cottons,  glass, 
paraflSn,  and  flour,  and  coal-  and  lime-works.     Pop.  4491. 

Bathgate,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  5  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Hamilton,  and  12  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Pem- 
bina. It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  750. 

Bath  Mills,  a  station  in  Parma  township,  Calhoun  co., 
Mich.,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Jackson.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Bath  Springs,  a  post-oflSce  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn. 

Bath'urst,  a  city  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia, 
capital  of  Bathurst  co.,  122  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Sydney. 
It  has  an  Anglican  and  a  Catholic  bishop,  a  hospital  and 
theatre,  and  is  well  built,  with  spacious  streets.     Pop.  5030. 

Bath'urst,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  capital  of  the  British 
colony  of  Gambia,  on  the  small  island  of  St.  Mary's,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gambia  River,  in  lat.  13°  28'  N.,  Ion.  16°  35' 
W.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  government  house,  a 
large  hospital  for  liberated  Africans,  and  Wesleyan  schools. 
The  exports  comprise  gum,  wax,  hides,  ivory,  gold,  tortoise- 
shell,  rice,  cotton,  African  teak,  palm  oil,  and  country 
cloths.    See  also  Gambia. 

Bathurst,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  dis- 
trict of  Albany,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Graham's  Town. 

Bath'urst,  a  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Gloucester  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  Chaleurs  Bay,  175  miles  N.  by  E,  of 
St.  John.  St.  Peter's,  or  Bathurst  village,  on  the  Interco- 
lonial Railway,  is  connected  with  Bathurst  by  a  handsome 
bridge.  Bathurst  has  about  30  stores,  a  large  trade,  and  an 
important  salmon-fishery,  and  is  a  tourists'  resort.    Pop.  800. 

Bathurst,  a  tract  of  land  discovered  by  Sir  Eaward 
Parry,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  75°  N.,  Ion.  100°  W. 

Bathurst  (or  Nep'isiquit)  Bay,  New  Brunswick,  an 
arm  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  lat.  47°  37'  N.,  Ion.  65°  45'  W. 

Bathurst  Island,  off  North  Australia,  120  miles  W. 
of  Port  Essington,  and  immediately  W.  of  Melville  Island. 
Length,  30  miles. 

Bathurst  Lake,  near  the  centre  of  Newfoundland,  is 
40  miles  long  from  W.  to  B.,  by  6  miles  across,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  eastward  by  the  Exploits  River. 

BatHcalo',  or  BatUicalo'a  (native,  Poliantivoe),  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  capital  of  a  district,  on  a  small  island  in 
a  great  coast  lake  or  lagoon.  Lat.  7°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  52'  E. 
It  has  a  good  haven  and  active  commerce.  It  is  surrounded 
by  cocoanut  plantations.     Pop.  3353. 

Baticalo,  Batticola,  or  Batticaloa,  a  district  of 
Ceylon,  in  the  Eastern  Province,  on  the  coast.  Capital, 
Batticalo.     Pop.  93,233. 

BatignoUes,  or  Les  Batignolles,  li  biHeen^yoU', 
a  former  town  of  France,  on  the  N.E.  of  Paris,  of  which 
city  it  is  now  an  arrondissement. 

Bat'in,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb. 

Batindah ,  bi-tin'di,  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootana, 
180  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Batiscan,  biHees^kftNo'^  ©r  bat^is-kan',  a  river  of 
Quebec,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Quebec,  and  falls  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  at  Batiscan  Bridge.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Batiscan,  bi'tees^kftNo',  or  bat'is-kan',  or  Sainte 
(Jenevieve  de  Batiscan,  s&Nt  zheh'n§hVe-Sv'  deh 
bS,Hees^k6N»',  the  chief  town  of  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  Batiscan,  6  miles  from  Batiscan  Bridge.     Pop.  274. 

Batiscan  Bridge,  a  post-village  and  port  of  landing 
in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  117  miles 
N.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  250. 

Baljan,  an  island,  East  Indies.     See  Bachian. 

Bat'ley,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  2  miles  E.  of  Dewsbury,  has  large  mills  for  shoddy, 
woollen  cloth,  and  carpet.     Pop.  in  1891,  28,719. 

Batna,  a  plain  of  Arabia.     See  Tehama. 

Batna,  bit'na,,  a  town  of  Algeria,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Constantine.  It  has  a  museum,  a  hospital,  and  a  convent, 
and  stands  in  a  rich  and  well-wooded  region  abounding  in 
relics  of  the  Roman  period.     Pop.  2383. 

Bato,  b&'to,  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands,  on 
Bato  Lake.     Lat.  13°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  16'  E.     Pop.  2167. 


Batoani,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Batooani. 

Baton,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Bootom. 

Baton  Rouge,  bat'9n  roozh  (Fr.  pron.  ba.H6No'  roozh), 
a  city,  the  capital  of  Louisiana  and  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish,  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
about  130  miles  above  New  Orleans.  It  is  built  on  a  bluff 
which  is  about  25  feet  above  the  river  when  the  water  is  at 
its  highest  stage,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river 
and  surrounding  plantations.  This  city  was  the  capital  of 
the  state  from  1847  till  1864,  when  the  seat  of  government 
was  removed  to  New  Orleans,  where  it  remained  until  re- 
established at  Baton  Rouge,  March  1,  1882,  by  a  provision 
of  the  constitution  of  1879.  A  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Baton  Rouge  contains  a  state 
prison,  an  arsenal,  and  an  institution  for  the  educntion  of 
the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  (^ which  was  founded  by  the  state 
in  1852),  and  is  the  seat  of  the  State  University,  which  was 
formerly  at  Alexandria ;  but  the  edifice  of  which  was  de- 
stroyed there  by  fire  in  1869.  Pop.  in  1870,  6498 ;  in  1880. 
7197;  in  1890,  10,478. 

Baton  Rouge,  ajost-township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C., 
about  54  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbia.     Pop.  3098. 

Batonya,  boh^Sn'ySh^,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Csanad,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mako.     Pop.  8642. 

Batoo,  Baton,  Batu,  or  Battoe,  b&tHoo',  a  group 
of  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra,  named  from  the  principal  island,  which  is  in  lat. 
0°  10'  N.,  Ion.  98°  40'  E. 

Batoo-  (or  Baton-)  Bhara,  biHoo'  b'hi'rft,  written 
also  Batu-Baru,  b8,^too'-bi*roo',  a  town  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sumatra.     Lat.  3°  20'  N. ;    Ion.  97°  E. 

Batooani,  Batouani,  b&-too-&'nee,  or  Batoa'ni, 
a  town  of  Africa,  at  the  E.  end  of  Lake  N'gami,  where  the 
river  Zooga  leaves  it.     Lat.  20°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  23°  30'  E. 

Batoom,  Batoum,  or  Batum,  b&-toom',  a  seaport 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  4 
miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Choruk.  Pop.  about  5000. 
Lat.  of  Cape  Batoom,  41°  39'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  41°  37'  E. 

Batoomi,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  Choruk. 

Batoorin,  Batourin,  or  Baturin,  bi-too-rin'  or 
bi-too-reen',  a  town  of  Russia,  63  miles  E.  of  ChernigoT, 
on  the  Seim.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Batroon,  or  Batrun,  b&-troon',  a  small  town  and 
port  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  12  miles  S.  of  Tripoli. 

Batsch,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Bags. 

Batschian,  Batshian,  or  Batsian.    See  Bachian. 

Batstad,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Bastad. 

Bat'sto,  a  village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Batsto 
River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  The  Batsto  River 
falls  into  Little  Egg  Harbor. 

Bat'ta,  Bat'ak,  or  Bat'tak,  a  race  of  people  in  theN. 
of  Sumatra.  They  have  a  written  language,  and  can  gen- 
erally read  and  write,  but  are  gross  cannibals.  They  are 
probably  an  offshoot  of  the  Malay  stock,  but,  unlike  the 
Malays,  are  heathens,  and  are  of  peaceable  disposition. 
Some  authorities  regard  them  as  kindred  to  the  Alfooras. 
They  are  very  superstitious. 

Batta,  or  Bata,  bohHoh',  a  Wallachian  town  in  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Tolna,  on  the  Danube,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bat- 
taszek.     Po^.  3364. 

Battaglia,  or  La  Battaglia,  11  bit-tai'ya,,  a  town 
of  Italy,  11  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Padua.  It  has  thermal 
springs  and  baths.     Pop.  3690. 

Battahatchee  River,  Alabama.    See  Buttahatchie. 

Battalah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Butala. 

Battam,  bitHim',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
W.  of  Bingtang,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Singapore,  in  lat.  1°  5' 
N.,  Ion.  104°  E.  It  is  about  28  miles  long,  and  contains  a 
harbor  called  Boolang  Bay. 

Battang  Island.    See  Battam.      ^ 

Battanta,  an  island  near  Papua.     See  Batanta. 

Battaszek,  bit-tis-sfik',  a  market-town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  16  miles  S.  of  Tolna.     Pop.  6452. 

Batteaux,  bltHo',  a  village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  railway,  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  CoUingwood.     Pop.  120. 

Battecol'lah  (anc.  Batucala,  i.e.,  "the  round  town"), 
a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  of 
Canara,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goa. 

Battenberg,  bit'ten-b5RG\  a  town  of  Hesse,  31  milet 
N.  of  Giessen,  on  the  Eder.    Pop.  985.    It  has  iron-foundries. 

Battenheim  (Ger.  pron.  bit'ten-hime^ ;  Fr.  pron.  bS,t^- 
tfin'fim'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Miilhausen. 
Pop.  1195. 

Bat'ten  Kill,  a  small  river,  which  rises  in  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  and  passes  thence  into  the  state  of  New  York.  It 
runs  westward  through  Washington  co.  until  it  enters  the 
Hudson  at  Schuyler ville,  10  miles  E.  of  Saratoga  Sprin«v 


BAT 


599 


BAD 


Bat'ten's  Alills,  a  post-offioe  of  Qilmer  oo.,  W.  Ya. 

Bat'tenville,  a  small  post-village  of  Washington 
CO..  N.Y.,  on  Batten  Kill  River,  -ii  miles  from  Greenwich, 
and  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
paper-mill. 

Battersea,  bat't^r-see^  a  parish  of  England,  oo.  of 
Surrey,  on  the  Thames,  4  miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  now 
forms  part  of  that  metropolis.  Here  is  the  Battersea  Park. 
Pop.  67,218. 

Battersea^  a  post- village  of  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Loughborough  Lake,  16  miles  from  Kingston.     Pop.  350. 

Batticaloa^  a  town  of  Ceylon.     See  Baticalo. 

Battice^  b&tHeece',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Liege,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Verviers.     Pop.  4060. 

BatUicot'ta^  a  village  on  the  island  of  Jaffna,  contains 
a  seminary  established  by  American  missionaries. 

Bat'tle*  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  a 
railway,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Hastings.  The  town  consists 
mostly  of  a  single  street,  terminated  by  the  fine  gateway  of 
its  old  abbey.  In  its  church  are  numerous  antique  monu- 
ments and  devices.  It  has  a  school,  a  union  workhouse, 
and  several  gunpowder-mills.  It  derives  its  name  from  the 
great  battle  (usually  called  the  battle  of  Hastings)  fought  at 
Senlao,  October  14,  1066,  by  which  the  Saxon  dynasty  in 
England  was  finally  overthrown  by  William  the  Conqueror. 
Battle  Abbey,  founded  by  William  on  the  locality  where 
Harold's  banner  had  been  planted,  was  of  great  extent. 
Pop.  of  parish,  3495. 

Battleborough,  bat't^l-burVtth,  a  post-village  of 
Nash  CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Weldon,  and  133  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  2  steam  saw-mills, 
a  plough-factory,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bat'tle  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  10  miles 
from  Cottonwood  Railroad  Station. 

Battle  Creek,  a  post-town  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  in  a  fine 
agricultural  section,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ida  Grove. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  graded  public  schools,  and  a 
newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  600. 

Battle  Creek,  a  city  and  railway  centre  of  Calhoun 
00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  and  on  the  Kalama- 
100  River  at  the  mouth  of  Battle  Creek,  45  miles  S.W.  of 
Lansing,  121  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  163  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chicago.  It  contains  an  opera-house,  an  extensive  sani- 
tarium, 10  churches,  a  high  school,  2  colleges  (Seventh  Day 
Adventist  and  Catholic),  4  banks,  several  flour-mills,  iron- 
foundries,  and  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  railway 
boilers  and  engines,  nails,  furniture,  Ac.  Two  daily  and  3 
weekly  papers  are  published  here,  besides  numerous  issues 
from  the  publishing-house  of  the  Adventists.  Pop.  in  1880, 
7063;  in  1890,  13,090. 

Battle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Neb.,  22 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Eaton  oo.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Kalamazoo  River  at  the  city  of 
Battle  Creek,  ii:\  Calhoun  co.  It  affords  abundant  and  dur- 
able water-power. 

Bat'tlefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co..  Miss.,  about 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Decatur. 

Bat'tleford,  a  town  of  Canada,  capital  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  at  the  junction  of  Battle  River  with  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Saskatchewan,  and  on  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  about  525  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winnipeg, 
Lat.  52°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  35'  W. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Ga. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post- village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.  of  Lafayette.  Here  occurred  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe, 
where  General  Harrison  defeated  an  army  of  Indians,  on 
the  7th  of  November,  1811.  It  has  2  churches,  a  collegiate 
institute,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Battle  Ground,  a  station  in  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Freehold  <fc  Jamesburg  Railroad,  2  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Freehold.  It  is  the  site  of  the  battle  of  Monmouth  Court- 
House  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.O.,  6i 
miles  from  Greensborough. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-office,  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Bat'tle  Har'bor,in  Labrador,  near  the  Strait  of  Belle 
Isle,  is  much  frequented  by  small  fishing-vessels  in  summer, 
but  at  other  times  the  tremendous  surf  (which  is  said  to 
wash  the  crests  of  rocks  from  30  to  50  feet  high)  sometimes 
renders  the  anchorage  untenable.  The  harbor  is  shel- 
tered by  the  Battle  Islands  (lat.  62°  16'  N.,  Ion.  55°  32' 
W.)  and  by  Grand  Cariboo. 


Battle  Hill,  a  post- township  of  McPherson  oo.,  Eanaai 

28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salina. 

Battle  Island,  a  station  in  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego. 

Battle  Lake,  a  village  and  snmmer-resort  of  Otter 
Tail  CO.,  Minn.,  in  a  fine  prairie  country,  abounding  in  beau- 
tiful lakes.  It  is  situated  on  the  Fergus  Falls  <fc  Black 
Hills  Branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E. 
of  Fergus  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  400. 

Battle  Mountain,  a  post-village  and  railway  junc- 
tion of  Lander  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad, 
84  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Elko.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  600. 

Battles,  a  post- village  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  Mobile 
Bay,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Mobile.     Pop.  about  400. 

Battoe,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Batoo. 

Battonya,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Batonya. 

Batts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
from  De  Witt  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Batu,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Batoo. 

Batucala,  the  ancient  name  of  Battecollah. 

Batum,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Batoom. 

Baturin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Batoorin. 

Baturite,  bi-too-ree'ti  (formerly  Montemor  Vel- 
ho),  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Cear^,  on  a  railway,  95  miles 
S.W.  of  Aracati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  college. 

Batz,  bats,  a  village  of  France,  Loire-Inf^neure,  on 
the  Atlantic,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  2988.  It 
has  interesting  antiquities. 

Batz,  an  island  of  France.    See  Bas. 

Ban,  a  Feejee  island.     See  Ambow. 

Baubelthouap,  Pelew  Islands.    See  Babelthuap. 

Baucina,  bow-che'ni,  a  village  of  Sicily,  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  3423. 

Banco,  bSw'ko  (anc.  Bovil'lte .?),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Rome,  6  miles  E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3846. 

Baud,  bo,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Morbihan, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  6599. 

Baudour,  bo^dooR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
7  miles  W.  of  Mons,  is  noted  for  its  pottery.     Pop.  4370. 

Bauerwitz,  b6w'§r-^lts^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Zinna,  38  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2403. 

BauflT,  b6wf,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

Bauge,  bo^zhi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire, 
on  the  Couesnon,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  3562. 

Baug6  le  Vieil,  bo'zhi'  l§h  ve-ii',  or  Le  Vieux 
Baug6,  l§h  ve-uh'  bo^zhi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  1850. 

Baughman,  baw'man,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0. 
Pop.  2067.  It  includes  part  of  Marshallsville  and  part  of 
Orrville;  also  Burton  City. 

Baugh's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Bau'go,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  749 

Baul,  b4-ool',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Zamora,  40 
miles  S.  of  San  Carlos.     Pop.  10,015. 

Bauleah,  baw'l^-ah,  Beauleah,  or  Rampur 
Beauleah,  ram'poor  b§-aw'l§-ah  (written  also  Boy- 
aliya),  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Moorshedabad,  is  the  capital  of  the  Rajeshahye  district. 
Pop.  22,291. 

Baulon,  b5M6M»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  lUe- 
et-Vilaine,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1543. 

Bauma,  bdw'md,,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  16  miles  E. 
of  Zurich.     Pop.  2963. 

Baumanus  (bow-m&'noos)  Cave,  a  fine  cavern  of 
Germany,  in  Brunswick,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Blankenburg. 

Baumeean,  or  Baumian.    See  Bamiax. 

Baume-les -Dames,  bSm-li-d&m,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Doubs,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Besanpon.     Pop.  2562. 

Baume-les-Messieurs,boml&m£s'8e-uh'(Baume- 
lesoMoines,  home  Ik  mw&n),  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Jura, 
6i  miles  N.W.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  660. 

Baum'gardner,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Quarryville  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Bauingarteu,  bdwm'gaR-t^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Glatz.  Pop.  1050.  Baumgarten 
is  the  name  of  many  other  villages  in  Germany. 

Baumholder,  bSwm'hol-d^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 12  miles  N.E.  of  Sanct  Wendel.     Pop.  1708. 

Baums'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  lii  ■ 
eter  township,  9  or  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading,  and  1  mile 
from  Birdsborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Baunach,  bow'niK,  atown  of  Bavaria,  6J  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Bamberg.     Near  it  is  the  grotto  of  the  Magdalene. 

Baun^,  bo^ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Maine-et-Loire,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1000. 


hAU 


600 


BAX 


Banneg  (baw'neg)  Beg,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me., 
in  North  Berwick  township,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 

Baunei,  b6w-n4'e,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  76  miles  N.E. 
of  Cagliari,  near  the  coast.     Pop.  1886. 

Bannsda,  in  India.    See  Bansda. 

Baure,  bSw'ri,  Baurns,  bow'rooce,  or  Baures, 
bow'rSs,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  in  Lake  Guazamire,  lat. 
16°  18'  S.,  Ion.  62°  30'  W.,  flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the 
Ouapore  after  a  course  of  about  300  miles. 

Banskea,  bows'ke-i,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland, 
with  a  castle  on  the  Aa,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  4100. 

Bautae,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Annect  le  Vieux. 

Bautsch,  bowtch,  or  Bndissow,  boo-dis-sov',  a  town 
df  Moravia,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  3081. 

Bautzen,  bowt'sen,  or  Budissin,  boo'dis-sin,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  on  the  Spree,  31  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Dresden. 
It  has  a  cathedral  common  to  Roman  Catholics  and  Protes- 
tants, a  gymnasium,  2  public  libraries,  manufactures  of 
woollen,  linen,  leather,  and  paper,  and  an  active  trade.  Pop. 
13,165.  The  battle  of  Bautzen,  gained  by  Napoleon  over 
the  allies,  was  fought  May  21  and  22, 1813.  Klein  -  Bautzen 
(i.e.,  "  Little  Bautzen")  is  an  adjacent  village.     Pop.  247. 

Bautzen,  the  easternmost  of  the  four  provinces  or  gov- 
ernment-districts of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony.  Area,  1232 
square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the  old  district  of  Upper  Lu- 
satia.  Pop.  in  1890,  370,690,  of  whom  about  nine-tenths 
were  Protestants.     Capital,  Bautzen. 

Bauvechain-Tourrines,  bov^shiuo'-tooR^Reen',  a 
village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant.     Pop.  1770. 

Bavanistye,  or  Bavanystie,  bdhVoh^nees'oh^,  a 
town  of  Austro-Hungary,  in  the  Banat,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pancsova.     Pop.  6120. 

Bava'ria  (Ger.  Bayem  or  Baiem,  bl'^m ;  Fr.  Baviire, 
biVe-air'  j  Lat.  Bavaria),  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe, 
forming  part  of  the  German  Empire,  is  the  largest  German 
state  except  Prussia.  It  consists  of  two  isolated  portions 
separated  by  Hesse  and  Baden.  The  eastern  and  larger 
portion  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Prussia,  Saxe-Meiningen, 
Reuss,  and  Saxony,  on  the  E.  by  Bohemia  and  Austria,  on 
the  S.  by  Tyrol,  and  on  the  W.  by  Wiirtemberg,  Baden,  and 
Hesse.  The  western  portion,  called  the  Palatinate  of  the 
Rhine,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  river  Rhine,  and  on  other 
sides  by  Alsace,  Prussia,  and  Hesse.  Total  area,  29,292 
square  miles.     Capital,  Munich.     Pop.  in  1890,  5,589,382. 

Physical  Features. — The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous 
and  hilly,  a  range  of  mountains,  called  Bohmerwald,  ex- 
tending along  the  N.E.  frontier,  and  the  southern  part 
being  occupied  by  higher  mountains,  which  form  part  of 
the  system  of  the  Alps.  The  greatest  altitude  of  the  latter 
is  about  9500  feet.  In  the  N,  there  is  a  low  range  called 
Fichtelgebirge,  or  Fichtel  Mountains,  the  height  of  which 
is  3481  feet.  The  mountains  are  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  principal  rivers  of  Bavaria 
proper  are  the  Danube,  the  Main,  the  Inn,  the  Salza,  the 
Iller,  and  the  Isar.  The  Rhine  is  the  greatest  river  of  the 
Palatinate.  The  portion  of  the  Danube  which  is  within  the 
limits  of  this  kingdom  is  navigable  for  steamers.  The 
Danube  and  the  Main,  which  is  also  navigable,  are  con- 
nected by  the  Ludwig's  Canal.  Numerous  lakes  are  found 
among  the  mountains  of  Southern  Bavaria. 

Climate,  Soil,  and  Productions. — The  climate  is  temperate 
and  healthy,  but  the  winter  is  severe  on  the  mountains. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  especially  in  the  valley  of  the 
Danube,  and  the  mountain-sides  produce  good  pasture.  For- 
ests cover  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  total  area  of  the 
kingdom.  The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat,  barley, 
rye,  oats,  hemp,  flax,  hops,  and  potatoes.  The  people  are 
mostly  employed  in  agriculture  and  the  breeding  of  cattle. 
Bavaria  has  many  mines  of  iron  and  coal,  and  quarries  of 
good  marble,  gypsum,  and  building-stone.  Porcelain  clay 
of  fine  quality  is  found.  Among  the  other  minerals  are 
cobalt,  salt,  quicksilver,  graphite,  and  manganese.  Iron, 
coal,  and  salt  are  the  most  important  mineral  products. 

Industry,  Trade,  &c. — Bavaria  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  beer,  which  is  the  favorite  national  beverage.  The 
number  of  breweries  is  about  5500.  It  has  also  manufac- 
tures of  glass,  linen,  woollen  stuflFs,  chinaware,  paper, 
leather,  iron,  tobacco,  wooden-ware,  and  wine.  The  prin- 
cipal manufacturing  towns  are  Augsburg,  Nuremberg,  Bam- 
berg, Hof,  and  Erlangen.  The  most  important  commercial 
cities  are  Munich,  Augsburg,  Nuremberg,  Ratisbon,  and 
Wiirzburg.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  beer,  grain, 
timber,  cheese,  glass,  salt,  cattle,  hops,  madder,  and  wine. 
In  1886  this  kingdom  had  3204  miles  of  railway. 

Education,  Religion,  dec. — Public  instruction  has  hitherto 
been  more  limited  than  in  the  Northern  German  states. 
There  are  3  universities, — at  Munich,  Wiirzburg,  and  Er- 


langen,— 28  gymnasia  (colleges),  10  normal  schools,  2  or  S 
polytechnic  schools,  and  over  7000  common  or  public  schools. 
Munich  has  an  academy  of  sciences  and  an  academy  of 
plastic  art.  The  majority  of  the  people  are  Catholics,  but 
other  churches  and  sects  enjoy  full  liberty  of  worship.  In 
1885  the  number  of  Catholics  was  3,839,168  ;  of  Protestants, 
1,521,114,-  of  Jews,  53,697.  The  Protestants  predominate 
in  Upper  and  Middle  Franconia  and  in  the  Palatinate. 

Divisions  and  Government. — Bavaria  is  a  constitutional 
monarchy,  and  the  form  of  government  is  founded  partly 
on  long-established  usage  and  partly  on  a  constitutional  act 
of  May,  1818.  The  throne  is  hereditary  in  the  male  line. 
The  executive  power  is  vested  in  the  king,  and  the  legis- 
lative power  is  exercised  concurrently  by  the  king  and  a 
parliament  of  two  houses.  The  upper  house  is  composed 
partly  of  princes  of  the  blood  royal  and  the  heads  of  noble 
families.  The  army  forms  two  corps  of  the  imperial  German 
army,  and  in  time  of  war  is  under  the  command  of  the 
Emperor  of  Germany.  The  public  debt  in  1891  amounted 
to  1,333,189,690  marks=$317,299,146. 

Bavaria  is  divided  into  8  provinces  or  circles,  the  names 
and  population  of  which  in  1890  were  as  follows :  Uppe» 
Bavaria,  1,102,027;  Lower  Bavaria,  664,131;  Palatinate, 
728,422;  Upper  Palatinate,  537,217;  Upper  Franconia, 
572,189;  Middle  Franconia,  699,928;  Lower  Franconia, 
617,680 ;  Suabia,  667,788.  Total,  5,589,382.  In  the  federal 
council  of  the  German  empire  Bavaria  has  6  votes. 

History. — This  country  was  governed  by  dukes  for  seven 
centuries,  during  which  it  was  politically  connected  with 
Germany  as  a  frontier  province.  In  1620  the  reigning  duke 
was  appointed  one  of  the  nine  electors  of  the  German  em- 
pire, and  received  an  important  accession  of  territory. 
Bavaria  was  an  ally  of  Napoleon  in  the  war  which  began  in 
1805,  and  fought  against  the  Austrians.  The  elector  re- 
ceived in  1806  from  Napoleon  the  title  of  king,  with  an 
addition  of  territory.  In  1813  he  joined  the  allies,  and 
waged  war  against  Napoleon.  At  the  end  of  this  war  the 
allies  ceded  or  secured  to  the  King  of  Bavaria  the  territory 
which  he  had  acquired  about  1805.  In  the  war  of  1866 
between  Austria  and  Prussia,  Bavaria  took  side  with  Aus- 
tria, was  defeated,  and  was  compelled  to  pay  30,000,000 
florins  for  the  expenses  of  the  war.  In  the  Franco-German 
war  which  began  in  1870,  the  Bavarians  fought  against 
France.  In  November,  1870,  the  Bavarian  government 
concluded  with  that  of  Prussia  a  treaty  by  which  Bavaria 
was  admitted  into  the  new  German  empire. 

Bava'ria,  a  station  in  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansaa 
Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Abilene. 

Bavay,  biHi'  (anc.  Bag'acum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  1765. 

Baveno,  bi-vi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  banV 
of  the  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  1760. 

Baviere,  the  French  for  Bavaria. 

Bav'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Bavispe,  or  Babispe,  bl-vis'pi,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Sonora,  near  a  river  of  the  same  name,  an  affluent 
of  the  Yaqui,  160  miles  S.E.  of  Tucson,  Arizona. 

Bawani,  in  India.    See  Baonee. 

Bawian,  or  Bawean,  biVe'an,  an  island  ofi"  the  N. 
coast  of  Java;  lat.  of  centre,  5°  49'  S.,  Ion.  112°  44'  E. 
Area,  375  square  miles.  Hot  springs  abound.  It  belongs 
to  the  Dutch,  and  is  densely  peopled. 

Baxar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Buxar. 

Bax'ley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  k  Georgia  Railroad,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches,  an  educational  in- 
stitute, and  2  newspaper  offices. 

Baxos  da  India,  an  island  of  Africa.     See  Europa. 

Bax'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  borders 
on  Missouri.  It  is  intersected  by  White  River,  which  also 
forms  its  S.W.  boundary,  and  it  is  partly  drained  by  the 
Big  North  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating.    Pop.  in  1890,  8527.     Capital,  Mountain  Home. 

Baxter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Bayou 
Bartholomew,  96  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pine  BluflF.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Baxter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  creamery. 

Baxter,  township,  Lac  qui  Parle  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  280. 

Baxter,  a  post-hamlet  of  JefiFerson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches,  1  carriage-shop,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Baxter,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Green  River  City. 


¥ 


BAX 


601 


BAY 


Baxter's  Harbor,  a  post- village,  Kings  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  12  miles  from  Kentville.    Pop.  150. 

Baxter  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  Spring  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott 
&  Gulf  Railroad,  61  miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  159  miles 
S.  of  Kansas  City,  It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  brewery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper.   Coal,  lead,  and  zinc  are  found  near  here.    Pop.  1284. 

Bax'terville,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Salera.     It  has  a  marble-mill. 

Bay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area 
of  about  466  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Saginaw  Bay,  and  intersected  by  Saginaw  and  Rifle  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Pine 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The  value  of  the  lum- 
ber sawed  in  this  county  amounts  at  times  to  $3,400,000 
annually.  This  county  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Bay  City.  Pop.  in 
1870, 15,900;  in  1880,  38,081;  in  1890,  56,412. 

Bay,  a  post-village  of  Craighead  co.,  Ark.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Jonesboro'. 

Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bay  Creek,  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Bay,  a  post -village  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  about  38  miles 
E.  of  Jefi"erso»  City. 

Bay,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.     Pop.  509. 

Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  West  Salem  town- 
ship, on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad. 

Bay,  bi,  a  lake  on  the  island  of  Luzon,  S.  of  Manila. 
It  measures  about  30  miles  both  in  length  and  in  breadth. 

Bayamo,  bi-yi'mo,  or  San  Salvador,  s&n  sdrl-v&- 
doR',  a  town  in  the  E.  part  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Santiago,  near  the  Cauto.  Lat.  20°  40'  N.;  Ion. 
76°  55'  W.     Pop.  about  7000. 

Bayan,  bi^dn',  or  Bain,  bine  (Khara-Koola,  k4- 
ri-koo'li),  a  lofty  mountain-range  in  Asia,  on  the  N.E. 
border  of  Thibet,  a  branch  of  the  Kuen-Lun. 

BaySo,  b3,-yowNo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Araguay 
River,  140  miles  S.S.W.  from  Para,  in  lat.  about  3°  S.,  and 
Ion.  49°  W. 

Bayard,  bi'ard,  a  post- hamlet  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla., 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Bayard,  a  post-town  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  34  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Perry.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  pub- 
lic school,  and  a  newspaper  ofiBee.     Pop.  600. 

Bayard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Alliance. 

Bayard,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  62  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Cumberland. 

Bayass,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Baias. 

Bayazeed,  or  Bayazid,  bi-a-zeed',  written  also 
Bfyazid,  a  fortified  town  of  Armenia,  150  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Erzroom,  and  19  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Ararat.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  5000,  mostly  Koords. 

Bayborongh,  ba'bilr-ruh,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Pamlico  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  navigable  Bay  River,  18  miles  E. 
of  Newhern.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bayborough,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  880. 

Bay  Bridge,  a  station  5  miles  W.  of  Sandusky,  0.,  at 
the  E.  extremity  of  the  bridge  across  Sandusky  Bay. 

Bay  Bulls,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  in  New- 
foundland, 19  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  734. 

Bay  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Pacific  co.,  Wash.,  on 
Shoal  Water  Bay,  7  miles  S.W.  of  South  Bend.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  salmon  cannery.     Pop.  250. 

Bay'chesHer,  a  station  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Harlem  River  Branch  of  the  New  York  &  New  Haven 
Railroad,  8  miles  from  New  York. 

Bay  City,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  10  miles  below  Golconda,  and  15  miles  from 
Paducah,  Ky.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bay  City,  the  capital  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  the  right 
or  east  bank  of  the  Saginaw  River,  about  5  miles  from 
Saginaw  Bay,  13  miles  N.  of  Saginaw,  78  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lansing,  and  108  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City,  the  Flint  A  Pere  Mar- 
quette, and  Jackson  &  Lansing,  and  Mackinaw  divisions 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroads.  Its  prosperity  is  de- 
rived chiefly  from  the  trade  in  lumber  and  the  manufacture 
of  salt,  250,000,000  feet  of  lumber  being  sawn  here,  and 
600,000  barrels  of  salt  exported  annually.  It  has  26  churches, 
a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  and  a  high 
school  edifice  which  cost  $75,000.  The  streets  are  straight, 
and  cross  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  main  avenues 
are  80  or  100  feet  wide.  The  business  portions  of  the  city 
39 


are  substantially  built  of  brick.  Four  bridges  over  th« 
river  connect  the  city  with  West  Bay  City  and  Salzburg. 
One  of  these  is  a  railroad  bridge  built  by  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad  Co.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  The  city  is  supplied  with  pure  water 
from  Saginaw  Bay  by  the  Holly  system  of  water-works. 
Bay  City  was  incorporated  in  1865.  Pop.  in  1860,  1583; 
in  1870,  7064;  in  1880,  20,693;  in  1890,  27,839.  On  the 
opposite  bank  of  the  river  is  West  Bay  City ;  pop.  12,981. 

Bay  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake 
Pepin,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  turned  articles. 

Bay  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga. 

Bay  de  Verds,  a  large  fishing  settlement  on  the  north 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland.  The  fishing-grounds 
here  are  the  most  valuable  on  the  island,  employing  over 
200  boats  and  200  seines.  The  harbor  afiTords  good  shelter. 
Pop.  650. 

Bay  Draw,  a  station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  at  the  crossing  of  Newark  Bay,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Elizabethport,  and  7  miles  from  Jersey  City. 

Bay  £ast  River,  of  Newfoundland,  falls  into  the  Bay 
East  arm  of  Bay  d'Espoir,  about  lat,  47°  50'  N.,  Ion.  55° 
57'  W.  It  consists  of  a  chain  of  lakes  linked  together  by 
rapid  streams,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  of  the  south-flowing 
streams  of  the  island.  The  tributaries  falling  into  the  Bay 
East  River  are  very  numerous. 

Bayender,  bi'en-d^r,  or  Bainder,  bind'§r,  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smyrna.     Pop.  2000. 

Bayern,  the  German  for  Bavaria. 

Bayeux,  bi^yuh'  (anc.  Baioeas'ses),  a  city  of  France, 
department  of  Calvados,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Caen,  on  the  Aure.  It  has  a  venerable  cathe- 
dral (in  which  is  preserved  the  celebrated  tapestry  of 
Bayeux,  said  to  be  the  work  of  Matilda,  wife  of  William 
the  Conqueror),  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce,  manufactories  of  lace,  damasks,  calico, 
cotton  yarn,  and  percales,  and  a  large  porcelain-factory.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  9138. 

Bayfield,  ba'feeld,  a  county  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  1406  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Lake  Superior,  is  partly 
drained  by  Iron  River,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  Capital,  Bayfield.  This  county  was  formerly 
called  La  Pointe.  It  comprises  several  islands  in  Lake  Su- 
perior.    Pop. in  1870,  344;  in  1880,  564 ;  in  1890,  7390. 

Bayfield,  a  post-town  and  summer-resort,  capital  of 
Bayfield  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  Superior,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Ashland,  and  about  66  miles  E.  of  Duluth.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1373. 

Bayfield,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Huron,  at  the  mouth  of  Bayfield  River,  17  miles  from  Sea- 
forth.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings  bank,  common  schools, 
and  several  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  600. 

Bayfield,  a  post- village  in  Antigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  St.  George's  Bay,  54  miles  from  New  Glasgow.  It  has 
a  light-house.     Pop.  250. 

Bay'ham,  or  Kich'mond,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co., 
Ontario,  on  Big  Otter  Creek,  5  miles  from  Corinth.  It  con- 
tains grist-,  carding-,  saw-,  and  shiugle-mills,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  350. 

Bay'head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  bead 
of  Barnegat  Bay,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Toms  River.     Pop.  200. 

Bay  Hundred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  an 
island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Annapolis. 

Bay  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  N.  coast  of  the  state  of  HonduraB. 
They  comprise  Ruatan,  Bonacca,  Utilla,  Barburet,  and 
Moret.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  colored  emigrants 
from  the  Cayman  Islands.  The  islands  were  ceded  to  Hon- 
duras by  Great  Britain,  but  are  practically  independent. 
Estimated  pop.  5000.  A  trade,  chiefly  in  banantvs  and 
cocoa-nuts,  is  carried  on  with  New  Orleans  and  New  York. 

Bayla,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     See  Bela. 

Baylen,  or  Bailen,  bi-l£n',  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jaen.  It  has  a  hospital,  a  convent,  glass-works, 
and  a  trade  in  grain  and  wine.     Pop.  7831. 

Bay'less,  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Baylique,  bi-lee'k4,  or  Mauiatuba,  m&-ne-&-too'bA, 
an  island  oS'  the  coast  of  Brazil,  in  the  estuary  of  the  Ama- 
zon, 60  miles  S.  of  Cape  North.     Length,  16  miles. 

Baylis,  ba'Iis,  or  Pine'ville,  a  post-village  of  Pike 
CO.,  HI.,  27  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grain  elevator,  3  stores,  a  planing-mill,  a  wagon-, 
buggy-,  and  carriage-factory,  public  schools,  and  a  newspa- 
per office.     Pop.  700. 

Baylor,  ba'ldr,  a  ooanty  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  baa 


BAY 


602 


BAY 


an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Brazos  Kiver.     Capital,  Seymour.     Pop.  (1890)  2595. 

Bay  Minette,  min-et',  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  25  miles  N.B. 
of  Mobile.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  distillery  of 
turpentine.     Pop.  300. 

Baynesville,  banz'vil,  a  post  hamlet  of  Westmoreland 
00.,  Va.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Montross. 

Bay  of  Arosa^  4-ro'si,  Spain,  in  Galicia,  on  the  W. 
coast,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Finisterre.  Lat.  42°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  8°  50'  W. 

Bay  of  Bengal «  bSn-gawl'  (anc.  Ganget'icus  Si'nm), 
a  part  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  extending  between  Hither  and 
Farther  India,  including  the  sea  from  Cape  Negrais  on  the 
E.  to  the  delta  of  the  Godavery  on  the  W.,  between  lat.  16° 
30'  and  23°  N.  Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Ganges,  the 
Brahmapootra  or  Megna,  and  the  Godavery.  The  Sea  of 
Bengal,  which  is  sometimes  described  as  a  part  of  the  bay, 
extends  to  lat.  8°  N.,  between  the  islands  of  Ceylon  and 
Junk-Ceylon.  Depth  from  4  to  60  fathoms,  from  the  delta 
to  a  distance  of  100  miles.  The  tide  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Megna,  according  to  Dr.  Hooker, 
sometimes  rises  70  and  even  80  feet. 

Bay  of  BetanzoS)  b^-t&n'thoce,  in  Spain,  an  inlet 
of  the  Atlantic ;  its  branches  form  the  harbors  of  Ferrol  and 
Corunna. 

Bay  of  Bis'cay  (Fr.  Gol/e  de  Gaacogne,  golf  d§h  gis^- 
koft' ;  anc.  Aquitan'ieus  Si'nua  and  Gal'licus  Oce'anua),  a 
bay  of  the  Atlantic,  extending  from  Ushant  Island,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  France,  to  Cape  Ortegal,  on  the  N.  ooa^t  of 
Spain.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Loire,  Charente,  Gi- 
ronde,  and  Adour.  Its  principal  ports  are  Lorient,  Nantes, 
La  Rochelle,  Rochefort,  Bordeaux,  and  Bayonne,  in  France ; 
Pasages,  St.  Sebastian,  Bilbao,  Santander,  and  Gijon,  in 
Spain.  Chief  islands,  Belleisle,  R6,  and  Oleron,  on  the 
coast  of  France.  Its  N.  and  S.  coasts  are  bold  and  rocky ; 
but  on  the  E.,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde  to  the 
Adour,  the  coast  is  composed  of  sand  dunes  and  interrupted 
by  numerous  lagoons.  The  depth  varies  from  20  fathoms 
on  the  W.  of  France  to  200  fathoms  on  the  N.  of  Spain. 
Navigation  is  much  impeded  by  the  heavy  seas  produced 
by  N  W.  winds  and  by  a  current  (Hennel's)  which  sets  in 
from  the  Atlantic,  and,  sweeping  round  the  northern  coast 
of  Spain,  runs  N.  and  N.W.  along  the  western  coast  of 
France  and  enters  the  Irish  Channel. 

Bay  of  Bulls,  Newfoundland.    See  Bat  Bulls. 

Bay  of  Cadiz,  ka'diz,  an  extensive  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic, on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Spain,  province  of  Cadiz,  about 
lat.  36°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  15'  W.,  bounded  S.W.  by  the 
peninsula  of  Cadiz,  5  miles  in  length,  and  divided  into  an 
outer  and  an  inner  bay  by  the  promontory  and  fort  of  Mata- 
gorda. In  the  islet  of  La  Caraca,  on  its  E.  side,  are  im- 
portant arsenals  and  ship-building  yards. 

Bay  of  Cagliari,  kil'yi-re,  a  bay  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  between 
Capes  Pula  and  Carbonaro,  about  27  miles  in  breadth  at  its 
mouth.  It  affords  secure  anchorage.  It  has  artificial  salt- 
ems,  which  yield  about  6000  tons  of  salt  annually. 

Bay  of  Chaleurs,  shi^loorz'  (or  Chalenr,  shi^loor'), 
(Fr.  Baie  dea  Chaleurs,  hi  di  shiMuR'),  an  inlet  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  Canada,  having  the  province  of 
Quebec  on  the  N.,  and  New  Brunswick  on  the  S.  It 
measures  90  miles  from  E.  to  W. ;  maximum  breadth,  20 
miles.  It  is  everywhere  deep  and  well  sheltered,  and  is 
much  frequented  for  its  mackerel-lisheries. 

Bay  of  Dragomestre,  dri^go-m&'tri,  in  Greece,  is 
sheltered  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Dragonera  Islands. 

Bay  of  Fonseca.    See  Golf  of  Conchagua. 

Bay  of  Fun'dy,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  separating 
Nova  Scotia  from  New  Brunswick.  Length,  nearly  170 
miles;  breadth,  varying  from  30  to  50  miles.  At  its  upper 
extremity  are  Chignecto  Bay  and  Minas  Channel,  leading  to 
Minas  Basin.  Passamaquoddy  Bay  opens  into  it  near  its 
mouth.  The  Bay  of  Fundy  is  deep,  but  its  navigation  is 
dangerous.  The  tides,  which  here  rise  to  the  height  of  71 
feet,  rush  in  with  such  rapidity  that  swine  are  often  over- 
taken and  drowned  while  feeding  on  shell-fish.  It  comprises 
the  Grand  Manan  and  Long  Islands,  and  receives  the  St. 
John  and  St.  Croix  Rivers.  The  city  of  St.  John  is  on  its 
north  coast. 

Bay  of  Gibraltar,  j^-brawl't^r,  Spain,  is  formed  by 
Europa  Point  on  the  E.  and  Point  St.  Garcia  on  the  W. 
It  is  about  6  miles  in  length  and  4i  miles  in  breadth,  with 
depths  varying  from  4  to  260  feet.  The  tide  rises  4  and  5 
feet.  The  shipping  is  protected  on  the  British  side  by  two 
formidable  moles,  called  the  Old  and  the  New  Mole,  one  on 
the  N.  and  the  other  on  the  S.  side  of  the  town  of  Gibraltar. 


The  former  runs  1100  feet  into  the  sea;  the  latter  700  feec. 
An  elbow  formed  by  the  shore  affords  shelter  for  large  ve3 
sels  in  winter,  the  farthest  out  lying  in  5  and  6  fathoms. 
Opposite  the  town  of  Gibraltar,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  bay,  is 
the  Spanish  town  of  Algeciras. 

Bay  of  Good  Hope,  a  bay  of  Alaska,  in  lat.  66°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  161°  to  164°  W.,  at  the  termination  of  Kotzebue 
Sound.     It  contains  Chamisso  Island. 

Bay  of  Honduras,  hon-doo'r&s,  a  wide  inlet  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  mostly  between  lat.  16°  and  20°  N.  and  Ion. 
84°  and  88°  W.,  having  S.  Guatemala  and  Honduras,  and 
W.  Balize  and  Yucatan.  It  receives  the  Belize,  Motagua, 
and  numerous  other  rivers,  and  contains  the  Bay  Islands, 
with  a  multitude  of  islets  and  reefs,  termed  keys. 

Bay  (or  Gulf)  of  Iskanderoon'  (anc.  Si'mia  la'aicua) 
extends  inland  for  45  miles  at  the  angle  between  Syria 
and  Asia  Minor,  and  on  its  shores  are  the  Amanian  gates 
of  the  ancients,  the  ruins  of  Baias  and  -^gae,  and  the 
plains  of  Issus,  where  Darius  was  defeated  by  Alexander. 

Bay  of  Islands,  a  large,  deep,  and  safe  harbor  near 
the  N.  extremity  of  North  Island,  Now  Zealand,  lat.  35°  14' 
S.,  Ion.  174°  11'  E.,  is  much  visited  by  American  whale- 
ships.  On  its  southern  side  is  the  port  and  town  of  Russell, 
with  a  United  States  consul. 

Bay  of  Islands,  a  large  bay  formed  by  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  north  of 
St.  George's  Bay.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  15'  W.  It  re- 
ceives on  the  S.E.  the  Humber,  and  encloses  a  great  number 
of  small  islands. 

Bay  of  Islands,  a  settlement  on  a  large  bay  on  the 
western  coast  of  Newfoundland,  forming  part  of  what  is 
called  the  French  shore,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  George. 
The  herring-fishery  forms  the  chief  industry  of  the  people 
of  this  district,  about  30,000  barrels  being  annually  taken. 
Gypsum  in  exhaustless  quantities,  and  limestone  and  mar- 
ble, are  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  947. 

Bay  of  Islands  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  Newfound- 
land, drained  by  the  river  Humber. 

Bay  of  Livadostro,  liv-i-dos'tro,  Greece,  is  the  N.E. 
termination  of  the  Gulf  of  Corinth,  14  miles  in  length  by 
9  miles  in  average  breadth. 

Bay  of  Nipe,  nee'pi,  on  the  N.E.  coaat  of  Cuba,  S.E. 
of  Puerto  Naranjo.  Lat.  20°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  30'  W.  It 
is  easy  of  entrance,  and  could  hold  all  the  fleets  of  Europe. 

Bay  of  Ovari,  Owari,  o-vi'ree,  called  also  Iseno 
Umi,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  Japan. 
Length,  25  miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Nagoya,  a 
town  on  its  shores,  is  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Ovari. 

Bay  of  Plen'ty,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  North  Island, 
New  Zealand,  between  Cape  Runaway  and  Point  Mercury, 
has  a  central  width  of  about  60  miles. 

Bay  of  Quinte,  a  large  inlet  of  Ontario,  west  of 
Kingston,  between  the  peninsula  of  Prince  Edward  on  the 
S.  and  the  mainland  on  the  N.  Length,  through  the 
various  crooked  turns  it  makes,  about  50  miles;  breadth 
varies  between  6  and  12  miles.  An  isthmus  of  a  mile  at  its 
W.  extremity  separates  the  bay  from  Lake  Ontario. 

Bay  of  Saint  Mag'nus,  a  bay  on  the  'W.  coast  of 
the  mainland  of  Shetland,  in  Scotland.  It  is  8i  miles  wide 
at  its  entrance,  expands  to  11  miles,  and  runs  7  miles  in- 
land.    The  island  of  Papa-Stour  is  at  its  mouth. 

Bay  (or  Gulf)  of  Spezia,  spid'ze-i  (anc.  Por'tua 
Lti'nte  /),  in  Italy,  is  7  miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  6 
miles  wide.  It  presents  fine  scenery,  contains  the  quaran- 
tine station  for  Genoa,  and  on  the  \f.  side  of  its  entrance 
are  the  islands  of  Palmaria  and  Tino. 

Bay  of  Vigo,  vee'go,  Spain,  in  Galicia,  S.  of  that  of 
Pontevedra,  is  about  20  miles  in  length  by  5  miles  across  at 
its  mouth,  and  contains  the  islands  of  Bayona  and  Estelas. 

Bayona,  b4-yo'ni,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Vigo.  Pop.  1367.  The  island  of  Bayona  or  Cies  {Inaula 
Cicse)  is  in  the  Bay  of  Vigo,  6  miles  N.W.  of  the  town. 

Bayonne,  bi^yonn'  (anc.  Lapur'dum),  a  fortified  city 
of  France,  near  its  S.W.  extremity,  department  of  Basses- 
Pyr6n6e8,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Adour  and  Nive,  which 
separate  it  into  three  quarters.  Great  and  Little  Bayonne 
and  the  suburb  of  St.  Esprit,  3  miles  from  the  sea,  and  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  the  Spanish  frontier  at  Fontarabia. 
Lat.  43°  29'  29"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  28'  33"  W.  It  is  well  built 
and  agreeably  situated,  with  handsome  quays  and  prome- 
nades. Its  cathedral  is  small  and  of  the  twelfth  century, 
and  its  citadel  is  one  of  the  finest  works  of  Vauban.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  mint,  theatre,  schools  of  commerce 
and  navigation,  naval  and  commercial  docks,  trinunal  and 
chamber  of  commerce,  distilleries,  sugar-refineries,  and 
glass-works,  with  export  trade  in  timber,  tar,  cork,  hams, 
chocolate,  liqueurs,  and  cream  of  tartar.     Pop.  27,175. 


BAY 


603 


BAT 


Bayoune,  ba-yon',  a  city  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  is  finely 
Bituatod  on  New  York  and  Newark  Bays,  about  6  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York.  It  comprises  the  former  villages  of  Bergen 
Point,  Centreville,  Bayonne,  and  Salterville  (Pamrapo),  each 
having  a  railway  station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  which  runs  through  the  city.  Bayonne  contains  15 
churches,  6  public  schools,  color-works,  paint-works,chemical 
works,  petroleum-refineries,  and  2  newspaper  oflBces.  The 
Port  Johnson  Coal  Docks  are  situated  on  the  Kill  van  Kull, 
near  Bergen  Point  Station,  where  several  hundred  hands 
are  employed  in  receiving  and  shipping  coal.  Bayonne  lies 
S.  of  Jersey  City,  being  separated  therefrom  by  the  Morris 
Canal,  and  opposite  Staten  Island,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  Kill  ran  Kull.  About  80  trains  run  each  way  daily 
between  Bayonne  and  New  York.     Pop.  in  1890,  19,033. 

Bayou,  bi'oo,  or,  more  usually,  bl'o,  a  term  confined 
chiefly  to  the  states  of  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Arkansas,  sig- 
nifying properly  any  stream  whJih  is  derived  from  some 
other  stream  or  from  a  lake ;  in  other  words,  any  stream 
which  is  not  fed  by  fountains.  This  term,  however,  is 
sometimes  given  to  tidal  channels  near  the  coast,  or  even 
loosely  applied  to  streams  of  a  different  description  :  it  may 
then  be  regarded  as  equivalent  to  "  creek"  in  its  American 
signification.  Bayou  is  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  the 
French  hoyau,  a  "  gut"  or  "  channel." 
Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  township  of  Ozark  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  480. 
Bayou  Bar'bary,  a  post-ofiiee  and  store  of  Livingston 
parish,  La.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  which  is  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Amite  River,  2  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 
Bayou  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  Mississippi  Valley  (fe 
Ship  Island  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Bayou  Chene,  shain,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Martin's 
parish,  La.,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Morgan  City.  It  has 
manufactures  of  sugar. 

Bayou  Chicot,  she^ko',  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry 
parish.  La.,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Opelousas. 

Bayou  Goula,  goo^lah',  a  post-village  of  Iberville 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  32  miles  below 
Baton  Rouge,  and  73  miles  l>y  rail  from  New  Orleans.  It 
has  2  churches.  lumber-mills,  and  stores. 

Bayou  Labatre,  ll-bi'tr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mobile 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  9  miles  S.  of  St.  Elmo 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bayou  La  Chute  (shoot),  post-ofiice,  Caddo  parish.  La. 
Bayou  Lacombe,  li^k6m',  a  post-village  of  St.  Tam- 
many parish.  La.,  on  a  navigable  bayou,  9  miles  E.  of  Man- 
deville,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Orleans.     It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Bayou  Mallet,  mini',  a  hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish. 
La.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  New  Iberia.  It  has  2  stores  and  a 
tannery. 

Bayou  Me'toe,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 
Bayou  Metoe,  a  station  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock, 
and  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name. 

Bayou  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky. 
Bayou  Sara,  siVi',  a  post-village,  capital  of  West 
Feliciana  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi,  36  miles  above 
Baton  Rouge,  and  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Woodville,  Miss, 
It  is  a  shipping-place  for  cotton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
in  1890,  608.  It  is  contiguous  to  St.  Francisville,  which, 
prior  to  1880,  was  the  capital  of  the  parish. 

Bayou  Tunica,  post-office,  West  Feliciana  parish,  La. 
Baypoor,  or  Baipur,  bi-poor',  a  seaport  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  on  the  W.  coast,  15  miles  S.  of  Calicut. 

Bay'port,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  at  Cos 
Cob  Station  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  from  New  York.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Bay  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  110  miles  S.W.  of  Palatka.  It  has 
an  orange-grove,  and  is  a  depot  for  cedar  timber.  Pop.  50. 
Bay  Port,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Sag- 
inaw Bay,  in  Fairhaven  and  Cassville  townships,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  salt-well. 
Bay'port,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Islip 
township,  on  the  southern  shore  of  Long  Island,  and  on 
the  South  Side  Railroad,  63  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has 
a  church,  2  ship-yards,  and  fish-oil  works.     Pop.  700. 

Bay  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  on 
an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  23  miles  E.  of  West  Point.     It 
has  a  steamboat-landing. 
Bayreuth,  a  city  of  Bavaria.     See  Baireuth. 
Bay  Ridge,  a  post-village  and  railroad  station  of 
Kings  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  New  York  Bay,  7  nfiles  from  New  York 
City.     It  has  2  churches,  an  inebriates'  home,  manufactures 
of  straw  hats,  and  many  fine  residences. 
Bay  River,  or  Stone'wall,  a  post-village  of  Pamlico 


CO.,  N.C.,  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Newbem.  It  is  on  Bay 
River,  an  inlet  of  Pamlico  Sound.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bay  Roberts,  a  thriving  post-village  on  Conception 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  8  miles  S.  of  Harbor  Grace.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry.     Pop.  1000. 

Bay  St.  Louis,  formerly  Shieldsborough,  a  thr 
ving  post-town  and  watering-place,  the  capital  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  a  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  New 
Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  convent,  and  a  com- 
mercial college.  Here  is  a  railroad  bridge  across  the  Bay 
of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  about  2400. 

Bay  Set'tlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis., 
on  Green  Bay,  5  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It 
has  a  church. 

Bay^shore',  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools, 
newspaper  offices,  a  grist-mi!!,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  2290. 
Bay  Shore,  a  settlement  in  Kent  co..  New  Brunswick, 
5  miles  from  Buctouche.     Pop.  300. 

Bay  Side,  a  station  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  Dela- 
ware Bay,  at  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Vineland  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Bridgeton.  Here  is  a  shad-fishery, 
in  which  about  50  boats  are  employed. 

Bay  Side,  a  post-village  in  Flushing  township.  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing  &  North  Side  Railroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  Flushing.  It  is  near  a  bay  which  opens  into  Long 
Island  Sound. 

Bay  side,  Westmoreland  co.,  Ntfw  Brunswick.  See  Reed. 
Bay  Side  View,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  near  the  mouth  of 
Maurice  River,  and  on  Delaware  Bay. 

Bay  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  CO.,  S.C., 
15  miles  S.  of  Chesterfield  Court-House. 

Bay  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
5  miles  W.  of  Boyne  Falls.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  woollen-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Bay  State,  a  village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  North 
ampton  township,  1  mile  from  Florence.  It  has  a  chapel, 
a  graded  school,  a  paper-mill,  tack-works,  and  the  factory 
of  the  Northampton  Cutlery  Company. 

Bays'water,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  the  Uxbridge  Road,  4  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul's,  now  in- 
cluded in  London. 

Bay'town,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  St.  Croix.  Pop.  920.  It  contains  South  Stillwater 
and  Oak  Park. 

Bay  Verte,  or  Baie  Verte,  bi  vfint,  a  bay  on  the  S. 
side  of  Northumberland  Strait,  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia.  Between  the 
head  of  this  bay  and  Cumberland  Basin  is  an  isthmus  11 
miles  wide. 

Bay  VieTV,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla. 
Bay  View,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Bay  View',  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  near  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  3  miles  from  North  East,  and  27  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Wilmington,  Del.  It  has  a  church  and  2  woollen-mills. 
Bay  View,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the 
sea-coast  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city  of  Gloucester,  5  miles 
from  Gloucester  Railroad  Station.  Here  are  quarries  of 
fine  granite,  and  a  church. 

Bay  View,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Erie, 

and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Bay  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  on 

Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.     It  has 

a  church. 

Bay  View,  a  village  in  Door  co..  Wis.,  in  Sturgeon 
Bay  township,  separated  by  Sturgeon  Bay  from  the  town  of 
that  name. 

Bay  View,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  2  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago  <fe  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
rolling-mill,  blast-furnaces,  ic. 

Bay  Village,  a  post-village  of  Cross  oo..  Ark.,  40  miles 

from  Forrest  City.     It  has  a  church,  foundry,  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Bay'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  and  a 

station  on  the  Toms  River  &  Waretown  Railroad,  4  miles 

S.  of  Toms  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Bayville,  a  post-office  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y. 
Bay'way,  a  station  in  Union  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
York  and  Long  Branch  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Elizabeth- 
port. 
Bay7e«  a  river  of  France.    See  Bajs« 


BAZ 


G04 


BEA 


Baza,  bi'thl  (ano.  Bas'ti),  a  city  of  Spain,  Andalusia, 
53  miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada.  It  has  a  hospital,  college,  and 
prison.     It  is  famed  in  early  Spanish  history.     Pop.  7272. 

Bazaar,  ba-zar',  a  post-township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia.     Pop.  364. 

Bazaar  of  the  Armenians.  See  Armianskoi-Bazar. 

Bazadois,  bi^zi'dwi',  an  old  division  of  France,  now 
comprised  in  the  departments  of  Gironde  and  Lot-et-Ga- 
ronne.     Its  capital  was  Bazas. 

Bazar-Khan,  bi'zar-Kin',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  58 
miles  N.  of  Makree,  is  a  mart  for  surrounding  villages. 

Bazaruto  (bi-zS,-roo'to)  Islands,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa,  110  miles  S.  of  Sofala.     Lat.  21°  37'  S. ;  Ion.  36°  E. 

Bazas,  bi^zi'  (anc.  Cos'sium,  afterwards  Vaaa'tse),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Gironde,  on  a  railway,  37 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux,  on  the  Beuve.     Pop.  9534. 

Bazeilles,  bi^zaii'  or  bi^zi'y^h,  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Ardennes,  2  miles  from  Sedan.     Pop.  2048. 

JSazele,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Basele. 

Bazet'ta,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  1240. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Cortland. 

Bazette,  ba-zet',  a  post- village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  E.  of  Corsicana,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Trinity  River. 
It  has  4  churches. 

Bazile  (ba-zeel')  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co., 
Neb.,  40  miles' S.W.  of  Yankton,  S.D.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  German  and  English  schools,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
125. 

Bazin,  bi-zin',  or  BezUnek'  (Ger.  B'oaing,  bo'sing),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pres- 
burg,  with  mineral  sprJtigs  and  baths.     Pop.  4300. 

Bazine,  ba-zeen',  a  post- village  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ellis  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bazira,  Afghanistan.     See  Bajaur. 

Bazoche-Gouet,  bi^zosh'  goo^i',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Eure-et-Loir,  near  Nogent-le-Rotrou.     Pop.  2037. 

Bazouges-Ia-P6roH8e,b3,^zoozh'l3,pa*rooz',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Foug^res.     Pop.  4160. 

Bazzano,  bd.t-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  N.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  2918. 

Beach,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  101. 

Beach  Bluff,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Swampscott  &  Marblehead  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad, 

2  miles  from  Swampscott. 

Beach'bnrg,  or  South  West'meath,  a  post- village, 
Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles  from  Pembroke.     Pop.  200. 

Beach  City,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  <fc 
Wheeling  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Massilion.    Ir  has  a  bank, 

3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  brick-kiln.     Pop.  about  550. 

Beach'es  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

Beach  Glen,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Hibernia  Mine  Railroad,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rockaway. 

Beach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  44 
miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Beach  Ha'ven,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  of 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  Eaglewood 
township,  and  on  Long  Beach,  7  miles  E.  of  Tuckerton.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  and  a  hotel,  with  room  for 
300  guests.  Long  Beach  is  a  narrow  island,  separated  from 
the  mainland  by  Tuckerton  Bay,  in  which  fish  and  oysters 
abound. 

Beav*.h  Haven,  a  post- village  of  Salem  township, 
Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Lackaw&ina  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Wilkesbaire.     It  ha«  2  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  <fec. 

Beach  Isle,  off  the  coast  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.    Pop.  9. 

Beach  Land,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
from  Bo  vim  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Beach'mont,  a  station  in  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
sea-shore,  and  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

Beach  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Honesdale.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beach  Ridge,  a  post-office  at  Hall's  Station,  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Beach  View,  a  station  in  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Tuck- 
erton Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

Beach'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  aboat 
8  miles  N.  of  Edmonton.     It  has  sulphur  springs. 

Beachville,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Beachville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  London.  It 
contains  3  churches  and  several  mills.     Pop.  200. 


Beachy  (bcech'ee)  Head,  a  head.and  on  the  S.  coast 
of  England,  projecting  into  the  English  Channel,  2i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Eastbourne.  It  consists  of  chalk  cliifs,  rising 
perpendicularly  to  564  feet  above  the  sea,  and  has  a  light- 
house.    Lat.  50°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  13'  E. 

Beacon,  be'kpn,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
2  miles  from  Oskaloosa  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  570. 

Beacon  Falls,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Naugatuck  River,  9  milds  by  rail  S.  of  Waterbury. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  woollen-manufactory. 

Beacon  Hill,  or  Old  Beacon, a  mountain  in  Dutch- 
ess CO.,  N.Y.,  near  Fishkill,  is  one  of  the  highest  summit? 
of  the  Highlands,  having  an  elevation  of  about  1470  feet. 

Beaconsfield,  bee'kpnz-feeld  or  bek'9ns-feeld,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  London. 
Pop.  1524. 

Bea'consfield,  a  post-village  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa, 
33  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Humeston,  and  80  miles  E.  of  Shen- 
andoah.    It  has  2  churches. 

Beacull,  bee^kull'  (native  Viacula),  a  fort  and  small 
town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  on  the  Mala- 
bar coast,  95  miles  N.W.  of  Calicut. 

Beadle,  bee'd'l,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
South  Dakota.  Area,  1235  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Dakota  River.  Capital,  Huron.  Pop.  in  1880,  1290; 
in  1890,  9686. 

Beadle  Hill,  or  Beadley's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Easton  township,  2i  miles  from 
West  Cambridge  Railroad  Station.  It  has  about  25  dwell- 
ings.    Here  is  South  Easton  Post-Office. 

Beagle  (bee'g'l)  Bank,  an  extensive  coral  sand-bank 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  15°  S. ;  Ion.  123°  E 

Beagle  Island  and  Reef,  an  island  on  the  coast  of 
South  Australia,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  from  the  entrance 
into  Spencer's  Gulf.     Lat.  34°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  49'  E. 

Beale,  beel,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1039 
It  contains  Academia. 

Bealeton,  beel'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va  , 
on  the  Washington  City,  Virginia  Midland  &  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  54  miles  S.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Bealetown,  beel'town,  a  hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa., 
in  Tuscarora  township,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal.  It  has 
grist-  and  saw-mills.     Here  is  Honey  Grove  Post-Office. 

BealPs  (belz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beallsville,  Frederick  co.,  Md.     See  Harmony. 

Beallsville,  belz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  2i  miles  from  Barnesville  Station,  and  about  32  miles 
N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.     Pop.  about  40. 

Beallsville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  C,  30  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Bellaire,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Woodsfield. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  several  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  324.    . 

Beallsville,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Washington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  con- 
cerns.    Pop.  about  500. 

Beal'ton,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
from  Waterford.     Pop.  100. 

Beal'ville,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  89  miles  S.E.  of  Tulare. 

Beaman,  bee'man,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa, 
10  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Liscomb.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaman,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Pettis  co..  Mo., 
in  Bowling  Green  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Sedalia.  It  was  formerly 
called  Buncombe,  and  the  post-office  Marlin. 

Beam'er's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  from  Ronceverte.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  woollen- 
manufactory. 

Beaminster,  bee'min-st^r,  a  market-town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  on  the  Birt,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dorchester. 
It  is  a  handsome  town,  and  has  manufactures  of  sail-cloth, 
tin,  iron,  copper,  and  earthenwares.     Pop.  of  parish,  2585. 

Beam's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C.,  5 
miles  from  Cherryville  Station.     Here  is  a  flour-miU. 

Beamsville,  beemz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0., 
about  1  mile  from  Dawn  Railroad  Station. 

Beamsville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
saw-mills,  a  distillery,  a  potash-factory,  and  several  carriage- 
factories.     Pop.  1000. 

Beamville,  beem'vil,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Jefferson  totvnship,  3  miles  from  Pine  Creek  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bean  Blos'som,  the  name  of  the  post-office  at  George- 
town, Brown  co.,  Ind. 


BEA 


605 


BF,A 


Bean  Blossom^  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1316.     It  includes  Mt.  Tabor  and  Stinesville. 

Bean  Blossom  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Brown  co., 
runs  westward,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White  River 
at  the  N.W.  corner  of  Monroe  co. 

Bean  Creek,  or  Tiffin  River,  rises  in  the  southern 
part  of  Michigan,  runs  southward  into  Ohio,  intersects 
Fulton  and  Williams  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mautnee  River  at 
Defiance.  It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 
'  Bean  Hill,  a  village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Norwich  township,  1  mile  from  Yantic  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  2  manufactories  of  blankets  and 
flannels.     A  street-railway  connects  it  with  Norwich. 

Bean's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Me., 
2  miles  from  Wilton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

Bean's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Bean's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  from  Morristown,  and  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Knox- 
ville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  a  summer  resort  called 
Mineral  Hill. 

Bean'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Railroad  (Pope's  Creek  Branch),  57 
miles  S.  of  Baltimore.     Near  here  are  2  churches. 

Beanville,  New  York.     See  Shongo. 

Bear,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ark.,  near 
Bear  Mountain,  12  miles  W.  of  Hot  Springs.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  chairs  and  lumber.     Pop.  100. 

Bear,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the  New 
Castle  &  Frenehtown  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Beara,  be-i'ri,  a  considerable  town  of  British  India,  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Surat. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  about 
22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
from  Brookfleld. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bear  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  from  Cumberland.     Pop.  100. 

Bear  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Great  Falls  A  North  Conway  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  North 
Conway.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  8  or  10  houses. 

Bear  Camp  River,  in  Carroll  co.,  in  the  E.  part  of 
New  Hampshire,  falls  into  Ossipee  Lake. 

Bear  Canon,  kan'yon,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  oo.. 
Col.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Bear  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Tennessee,  rises  in 
Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  runs  northwestward  to  the  E.  border  of 
Mississippi,  then  turns  northward,  and  enters  the  Tennessee 
at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Bear  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  the  E.  central  part  of  the 
state,  runs  eastward  through  Poweshiek  co.,  and  enters  the 
Iowa  River  about  1  mile  above  Marengo. 

Bear  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Grayson  co.,  runs 
nearly  southwestward,  and  enters  Green  River  about  14 
miles  N.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Bear  Creek,  of  Lenawee  oo.,  Mich.,  flows  into  the 
Raisin  River. 

Bear  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Alleghany 
River  in  Armstrong  co. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Bear  Creek,  Henry  co.,  Ga.    See  Hampton. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.   Pop.  720. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.  Pop. 
1117.     It  contains  Basco. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  111.  Pop. 
1650.     It  contains  Donnellson. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1247. 
It  contains  Winchester. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
670,  exclusive  of  Brooklyn. 

Bear  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles  from 
Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Bear  Creek,  township,  Emmottco.,  Mich.     Pop.  368. 

Bear  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Hinds  oo..  Miss.,  14  miles 
from  Terry  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.,  about  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Bear  Creek,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.    P.  2200. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Bear  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  4  miles  from  Ontario  Railroad  Station.  Iron  ore  is 
shipped  here. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  from  Egypt  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
%  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  Bear  Creek  township,  1328. 


Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Bear  Creek,  a  .station.  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
k  Susquehanna  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Bear  Creek,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.    Pop.  135. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tex. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  808. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Outagainie  co..  Wis., 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  London,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Ap- 
pleton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  777. 

Bear'den,  a  post-village  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark.,  16lni1e8 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beards,  beerdz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Louisville.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Beardsley,  beerdz'le,  a  post-village  of  Big  Stone  co., 
Minn.,  40  miles  W.  of  Morris.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Beards'town,  a  thriving  post- village  of  Cass  co.,  Ill,, 
in  Beardstown  township,  on  the  southeast  bank  of  the  Illi- 
nois River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  112  miles  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
46  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  6000. 

Beardstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Buffalo  Creek,  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Bearfield,  bair'feeld,  township.  Perry  co.,  0.    Pop.  901. 

Bear  (bair)  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Shamokin. 

Bear  Grove,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  111.     Pop.  992. 

Bear  Grove,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  500. 

Bear  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Bear  Grove  township,  14  miles  from  Adair  Station,  and 
about  60  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  stores.  Pop. 
of  township,  524. 

Bear  Gulch,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D., 
in  the  Black  Hills,  12  miles  W.  of  Dead  wood. 

Bear,  bair  (or  Bere)  Island,  an  island  off"  the  W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  in  Bantry  Bay,  13  miles  W.  of  Bantry. 

Bear  Island,  Alaska.     See  St.  Matthew. 

Bear  Island,  or  McPherson's  Ferry,  a  post-set- 
tlement in  Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Pop.  175. 

Bear  Island,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  St.  John,  24  miles  W.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  250. 

Bear  Island,  in  the  Northern  Ocean,  315  miles  S.  of 
Cape  South,  Spitzbergen.     Lat.  74°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  E. 

Bear  Islands,  three  islands  in  James's  Bay,  Canada: 
one  in  lat.  54°  24'  N.,  Ion.  80°  50'  W. ;  another  in  lat.  54° 
32'  N. ;  the  third  in  lat.  54°  46'  N. 

Bear  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  Polar 
Sea,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Siberia,  between  lat.  70°  and  70° 
30'  N.  and  Ion.  164°  and  168°  E. 

Bear  Isle,  off  the  coast  of  Hancock  co..  Me.     Pop.  13. 

Bear  Lake,  Canada.     See  Great  Bear  Lake. 

Bear  Lake,  is  partly  in  Rich  co.,  Utah,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  S.  boundary  of  Idaho.  It  is  about  20  miles 
long,  7  miles  wide,  and  175  feet  deep.  "  It  is  a  beautiful 
lake,"  says  Hayden,  "  set  like  an  emerald  in  the  mountains. 
Not  even  the  waters  of  the  Yellowstone  Lake  present  such 
vivid  coloring." 

Bear  Lake,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Idaho,  borders  on  Utah  and  Wyoming.  Area  estimated  at 
1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear  River,  and 
comprises  the  northern  part  of  Bear  Lake.  Its  surface  is 
mountainous.     Capital,  Paris.     Pop.  in  1890,  6057. 

Bear  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bear  Lake  township,  5  miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  IS 
miles  N.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  broom-factory, 
and  flour-  and  saw-mills.  It  is  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same 
name.     Pop.  432;  of  the  township,  1287. 

Bear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of  War- 
ren CO.,  Pa.,  in  Freehold  township,  about  36  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Erie,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Corry.     It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Bear  Lake  Mills,  Michigan.    See  Berlamont. 

Bear  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  near  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  Dauphin  co.  At  its  foot  flows  Bear 
Creek,  on  which  is  the  Bear  Valley  Coal  Basin.  The  moun- 
tains enclosing  Boar  Valley  rise  about  760  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  creek. 

B^arn,  bi^aK',  an  old  province  of  France,  of  whioh 
the  capital  was  Pau,  now  forming,  with  a  small  part  of 
Guienne,  the  department  of  Basses-PyrenSes. 


BEA 


606 


BEA 


Bear  Point,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Barrington.    Pop.  200, 

Bear  River,  of  California,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
runs  southwestward,  drains  part  of  Nevada  co.,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Placer  and  Yuba  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Feather  River  about  20  miles  S.  of  Marysville. 

Bear  River,  of  Utah  and  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Uintah 
Mountains,  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  and  runs  first  north- 
ward. It  flows  northwestward  through  Bear  Lak#  co,, 
Idaho,  abruptly  changes  its  course  to  the  S.,  returns  into 
Utah,  and  enters  the  Great  Salt  Lake  in  Box  Elder  co., 
about  16  miles  below  Corinne.  It  is  nearly  450  milet,  long, 
although  the  direct  distance  from  its  source  to  its  mouth  is 
only  about  90  miles.  Nearly  half  of  it  is  in  Idaho.  It  is 
not  navigable.  Its  valley  is  narrow,  and  confined  by  rugged 
mountains.  Coal  is  found  on  the  banks  of  this  river  where 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  it,  "  At  the  bend  of 
Bear  River,"  says  Hayden,  "is  located  the  most  interesting 
group  of  soda  springs  known  on  the  continent.  They  occupy 
an  area  of  about  six  square  miles," 

Bear  River,  of  British  Columbia,  enters  the  Fraser 
River  in  lat.  53°  53'  N.,  Ion.  122°  45'  W. 

Bear  River,  of  Nova  Scotia,  rises  in  Digby  co,,  and, 
flowing  N,W,,  falls  into  Digby  Basin;  for  a  part  of  its 
coarse  it  forms  the  line  between  the  counties  of  A  nnapolis 
and  Digby, 

Bear  River  (East  Side),  or  Hills'burg,  a  post-village 
in  Annapolis  co,.  Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  from  Annapolis. 

Bear  River  (West  Side),  a  post-village  in  Digby  co,. 
Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Bear  River,  9 
miles  from  Digby.  It  has  an  iron-foundry,  tanneries,  IJm- 
ber-mills,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  900. 

Bear  River  City,  a  post-office  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah. 

Bear  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Connellsville  & 
Washington  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Connellsville,  Pa, 

Bears'daie,  a  station  in  Macon  oo,.  111,,  on  the  Pekin, 
Lincoln  &  Decatur  Railroad,  6  miles  N,W.  of  Decatur. 

Bears'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wood- 
stock township,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston;  has  2  saw-mills. 

Bearsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Middlebourne.     It  has  4  church  orgonizations. 

Bear'town,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana, 
about  70  miles  W.  by  N,  of  Helena. 

Beartown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa.,  in 
Caernarvon  township,  about  17  miles  S,  of  Reading, 

Bear  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Mariposa  co,,  Cal,,  30 
miles  from  Merced  Railroad  Station,  and  about  84  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz-veins  and 
placer-mines.  It  has  2  churches.  This  is  the  headquarters 
of  the  Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company. 

Bear  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn. 

Bear  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Ithaca  township,  about  1 0  miles  E.  of  Richland  Centre. 

Bear  Wal'low,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Horse  Cave.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Bear  Wallow,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  oo.,  N.C., 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Old  Fort. 

Bear  Wallow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  40 
miles  from  Saltville. 

Bear'ytown,  a  village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.y.,  in  Fayette 
and  Varick  townships,  4  miles  E.  of  McDougall  Station.  It 
has  3  churches.     Here  is  Fayette  Post-Office. 

Beas,  Bias,  bee'is,  or  Beypasha,  b^'pash^i  (anc. 
Hyph'aais),  one  of  the  great  rivers  of  the  Punjab,  India, 
rises  in  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  13,200  feet  above  the  sea-, 
level.  Lat.  32°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  12'  E.  It  flows  generally 
southwestward,  and  joins  the  Sutlej  at  Endreesa,  35  miles 
S.S,E,  of  Amritsir,  after  a  course  estimated  at  360  miles. 
Chief  affluents,  the  Hulku  and  the  Binoa. 

Beasley  (beez'le)  Hill,  post-office,  Johnston  co,,  N.C, 

Beasley's  (beez'liz)  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co., 
0.,  40  miles  S.  of  Hillsborough. 

Beason,  be'son,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  in 
Oran  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill, 

Beath,  beeth  or  baith,  a  parish  and  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  5^  miles  N.N.W,  of  Aberdour,  with  coal-  and 
iron-mines.     Pop.  3534. 

Beatia,  the  ancient  name  of  Baeza. 

Beatrice,  bee'a-treece,  a  post-town  and  railroad  centre, 
capital  of  Gage  co,.  Neb.,  on  the  Big  Blue  River,  40  miles 
in  direct  line  S.  of  Lincoln,  which  by  railroad  is  51  miles 
distant.  The  Beatrice  Branch  Railroad.  31  miles  long,  con- 
nects it  with  Crete,  a  city  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad.  Beatrice  has  quarries  of  magnesian  lime- 
stone. 17  churches,  4  national  and  3  private  banks,  2  daily 


and  5  weekly  papers,  excellent  public  schools,  a  brick  manu- 
factory, (fee.  It  has  also  a  convent  and  a  court-house.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2447  ;  in  1890,  1.3,836, 

Beattie,  ba'tee,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co,,  Kansas, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of 
Marysville.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  broom- 
fiEtctory,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Beattie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Farmington,  near  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway. 
It  has  lumber-mills,  ^c. 

Beattie's,  a  station  in  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Island  Pond,  Vt, 

Beatty,  ba'tee,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
in  Unity  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38  miles 
E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  large  Benedictine  abbey,  semi* 
nary,  and  convent. 

Beatty's ,  ba'tiz,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City,  Ind. 

Beattyviile,  ba't^-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Kentucky  River,  at  the  junction  of  its 
three  forks,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a 
court-house,  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  soap-factory,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  800. 

Beatyestown,  or  Beattiestown,  ba'tlz-tdwn,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  45  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  and 
3  miles  from  Hackettstown.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  grist-mill. 

Beaucaire,  bo'k^R',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone,  13  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Ntmes,  opposite  Tarascon,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  suspension  bridge,  at  the  head  of  the  Canal  de  Beaucaire, 
and  near  the  junction  of  railways  from  Avignon  to  Mar- 
seilles, Cette,  and  Alais.  Its  annual  fair,  in  July,  is  attended 
by  merchants  from  all  parts  of  Europe,  and  is  the  most  con- 
siderable in  France.     Pop.  8800. 

Beancamp8«le>Vieux,  bs^kfiif'-l^h-ve-uh'  (t.e., 
"the  Old  Beaucamps"),  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Somme,  22  miles  W,  of  Amiens,     Pop.  1746, 

Beauce,  bdce  (ano,  Bel'aia?)  a  district  of  France,  part 
of  the  ancient  Orleannois,  now  forming  parts  of  the  depart- 
ments of  Loir-et-Cher  and  Eure-et-Loir. 

Beauce,  boce,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  S.E.  by  the 
state  of  Maine.  It  is  watered  by  the  Chaudi^re  River  (in 
which  gold  is  found),  and  traversed  by  the  Levis  &  Kennebec 
Railway.  Capital,  St.  Francois  de  la  Beauce.  Area,  3265 
square  miles.     Pop.  27,253. 

Beauchene,  bo^shain',  a  small  island  in  the  South 
Atlantic,  34  miles  S.  of  East  Falkland  Island.  Lat.  52° 
55'  S.;  Ion.  59°  12'  W. 

Beaucoup,bo^koop',  a  small  bayou  of  Caldwell  parish. 
La.,  flows  southeastward  into  Bayou  Castor. 

Beaucoup,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  111.,  on 
the  St,  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of 
St.  Louis,     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Beaucoup  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Washington  co,, 
runs  southward,  intersects  Perry  co.,  and  enters  the  Big 
Muddy  River  in  Jackson  co.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long, 

Beaucoup  Mines,  a  station  in  Perry  co,.  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Belleville  A  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Pinckneyville.     Here  coal  is  raised  and  shipped. 

Beaucourt,  bo^ooR',  a  village  of  France,  on  a  rail- 
way, 10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  3545. 

Beaudreau  Village,  Canada.     See  Bocdreac. 

Beaufay,  bo^fi',  a  village  of  France,  department  oi 
Sarthe,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2021. 

Beauford,  bo'ford,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  461. 

Beaufort,  bo^foR',  a  toAvn  of  France,  Savoy,  on  the 
Doron,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chamb6ry.     It  has  an  extensiv 
trade  in  the  gi-uyeres  cheese.     Pop.  2462. 

Beaufort  (i.e.,  "fine  fort"),  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Maine-et-Loire,  16  miles  E.  of  Angers.  It  has  a 
college,  and  manufactures  of"  canvas  and  coarse  linens. 
Pop.  5308. 

Beaufort,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Jura,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1299. 

Beaufort,  bo'fort,  a  group  of  islands  in  Boothia  Gulf, 
Canada.  The  N.W.  or  outer  island  is  in  lat.  69°  55'  N.,  Ion. 
97°  5'  W. 

Beaufort,  a  bay  of  Alaska,  on  the  Arctic  coast,  is  in 
lat.  70°  N.,  Ion.  142°  W. 

Beaufort,  bo'fort,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  Pamlico  Sound,  has  an  area  of  about 
720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pamlico  River, 
which  is  here  navigable.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly 
occupied  by  swamps ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  The  greater  part 
of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  com, 
and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Washinjjton. 


BEA 


607 


BEA 


A  railroad  connects  the  capital  with  Jamestown.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,011;  in  1880,  17,474;  in  1890,  21,072. 

Beaufort,  bQ'fprt,  a  county  forming  the  S.  extremity 
of  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  970  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Combahee  River,  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Savan- 
nah River.  The  surface  .is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  rice,  maize,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  and  the  Savannah  <fc 
Charleston  Railroad  separates  it  from  Hampton  co.,  on  the 
N.  It  comprises  several  islands,  which  produce  the  sea- 
island  cotton  and  enclose  the  harbor  of  Port  Royal.  Capi- 
tal, Beaufort.  The  New  River  flows  through  its  W.  portion 
direct  from  N.  to  S.,  entering  Calibogue  Sound.  Fop.  in 
1870,  34,359;  in  1880,  30,176;  in  1890,  34,119. 

Beaufort;  bu'fprt,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo., 
about  00  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis,  and  10  miles  W.  of 
Union.     It  has  1  flour-mill  and  2  general  stores. 

Beaufort,  bo'fprt,  a  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  Car- 
teret CO.,  N.C.,  is  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the 
mouth  of  Newport  River,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wil- 
mington, and  40  miles  S.E.  of  New-Berne.  A  body  of 
water  about  2  miles  wide  separates  it  from  Morehead,  the 
S.E.  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad. 
It  has  a  safe  harbor,  the  entrance  to  which  is  defended  by 
Fort  Macon,  which  is  li  miles  from  Beaufort.  It  has  5 
churches  (3  white  and  2  colored).     Pop.  in  1890,  2007. 

Beaufort,  bu'f9rt,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Beaufort 
CO.,  S.C,  is  on  Port  Royal  or  Beaufort  Island,  and  on  an 
inlet  called  Port  Royal  River,  about  14  miles  from  the 
ocean,  and  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston.  It  is  a  station 
on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  and  is  108  miles  from  Augusta, 
Qa.,  and  4  miles  from  Port  Royal,  the  termini  of  that  road. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  accessible  to  vessels  drawing  15  feet 
of  water.  Cotton,  phosphate  of  lime,  and  lumber  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  One  or  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Beaufort  has  1  bank  and  7  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2549;  in  1890,  3587. 

Beaugency,  bo^zh6N°^see'  (L.  Belgenci' acum),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Orleans.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  wines.     Pop.  5039. 

Beau  Grand,  township,  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  366. 

Beauharnois,  bo^aR'nwi',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of 
the  province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  250  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Chateauguay  River.  The  chief  staples  are  oats, 
wool,  and  the  products  of  the  dairy.  The  chief  town  is 
Beauharnois.     Pop.  14,757. 

Beauharnois,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Beauhar- 
nois, Quebec,  Canada,  on  Lake  St.  Louis  (formed  by  the  St. 
Lawrence),  33  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  several 
factories,  grist-mills,  flax-mills,  a  pottery,  a  foundry,  a 
brewery,  2  churches,  a  convent,  printing-office,  and  a  branch 
bank,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  1423. 

Beai^eu,  bo^zhuh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Rhdne,  on  the  Ardidre,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lyons, 
^ith  manufactures  of  paper,  cottons,  and  hats.     Pop.  3884. 

Beaujolais,  bo^zhoMi',  a  district  of  France,  part  of 
the  ancient  Lyonnais.  Its  capital  was  the  town  of  Beaujeu. 
It  now  forms  the  N.  part  of  the  department  of  Rh6ne  and 
a  small  part  of  Loire. 

Beaulieu,  boMe-uh',  almost  boPyuh'  (i.e.,  "beautiful 
place"),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Corrdze,  on  the 
Dordogne,  20  miles  S.  of  Tulle.  Pop.  2571.  Beaulieu  is 
also  the  name  of  many  other  communes  and  villages  of 
France. 

Beaulieu,  bew'lee,  or  £xe',  ex,  a  tidal  river  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Hants,  rises  near  Lyndhurst,  and  enters  the 
English  Channel  6i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lymington. 

Beaulieu,  or  £xe,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
situated  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  at  its  mouth,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Lymington.  Beaulieu  has  the  remains  of  an  abbey, 
founded  by  King  John.  In  this  sanctuary  Margaret  of 
Aujou,  and  afterwards  Perkin  Warbock,  took  refuge,  and 
within  its  manorial  bounds  exemption  from  arrest  for  debt 
is  still  enjoyed.  Beaulieu  Station,  on  the  Southwestern 
Railway,  is  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Southampton. 

Beaulieu,  a  former  name  of  Bewdly. 

Beaulieu,  boMe-uh',  a  post-village  in  Montmorency  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  island  of  Orleans,  4J  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec. 
Pop.  150. 

Beaumarchais,  bo'maii'shi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gera,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1237. 

Beaumaris,  bO-mi'ris,  a  town  of  North  Wales,  capi- 
tal of  the  island  and  co.  of  Anglesey,  near  the  N.  entrance 


of  Menai  Strait,  3  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  The  town  has  s 
free  grammar-school,  a  custom-house,  Ac,  and  is  resorted  to 
for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  2291. 

Beaumont,  bo^m6N°',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  2  miles  S.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1565. 

Beaumont,  bo^m6N<>',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2100. 

Beaumont,  bo-mont',  a  post-village  of  Butler  co., 
Kansas,  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  47  miles  E.  of 
Wichita.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beaumont,  a  post-village  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
Rocky  River,  about  40  miles  S.W,  of  Raleigh. 

Beaumont,  an  incorporated  city  and  railroad  centre, 
the  capital  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Texas,  on  the  Neohes  River,  30 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  84  miles  by  rail  E.  by 
N.  from  Houston.  It  has  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a 
graded  school  system,  manufactures  of  cars  and  furniture, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  5680. 

Beaumont,  bo^m6N»',  a  post- village  in  Bellechasse  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  be- 
low Quebec.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills  and  woollen - 
factories.     Pop.  600. 

Beaumont  de  Lomagne,  bo^m6N»'  d^h  lo^mifi',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  Gimone,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  5456. 

Beaumont-le-Vicomte,  b5^m6N»'-l§h-vee^k6Nt',  a 
village  of  France,  on  the  Sarthe,  15i  miles  N.N.W.  o' 
Le  Mans.     Pop.  2234. 

Beaumont-sur-Oise,  bo^miuo'-siiR-wiz  (or  wiz),  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Oise,  20  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Paris.  Pop.  2560.  Beaumont  is  also  the  name 
of  several  other  villages  and  communes  in  France. 

Beaune,  bon  (anc.  Vellaunodu'mi.vi,),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  C6te-d'0r,  at  the  foot  of  the  C6te-d'0r  Moun- 
tain, on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons,  23  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Dijon.  It  has  a  noble  hospital,  founded  in  1443,  a  fine 
mediaeval  church,  a  library  of  35,000  volumes,  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  cutlery,  leather,  vinegar,  and  casks,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  the  wines  of  Burgundy.  .  Pop.  10,907. 

Beaune-la-Rolande,  b6n-li-ro^l6Nd',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Loiret,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1820. 

Beauport,  bo^port',  a  post- village  and  parish  in  Que- 
bec CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  north  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  2 
miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains  large  grist-mills,  nail-  and 
match-factories,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.     Pop.  4053. 

Beaupr^,  bo^pri',  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  20°  17'  S.;  Ion.  166°  17'  E. 

Beaupr6au,  bo^pri^o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Evre,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  4434. 

Beauquesne,  bodkin',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Somme,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  DouUens.     Pop.  3003. 

Beauregard,bo^r^h-gard',  a  village  of  Copiah  CO.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  44  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  1  mile  N.  of  AVesson.  One  news- 
paper is  published  here.   It  has  several  saw-mills.    Pop.  316. 

Beauregard  (bo^re^gaR')  Isles,  several  small  islands 
in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Verchdres,  Quebec. 

Beaurepaire,  bo^r?h-paR',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Is^re,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  2598. 

Beauvais,b5Vi'  (anc.  Bellov'acum  and  Cseaarom'agtu), 
a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Oise,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Avelon  with  the  Therain,  in  a  rich  valley 
surrounded  by  wooded  hills,  54  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Paris.  Several  branches  of  the  river  run  through  and  by 
the  side  of  the  town,  forming  canals,  which  are  of  great  ser- 
vice to  manufactures.  It  has  clean  open  streets,  and  pleas  - 
ant  boulevards;  its  cathedral  is  one  of  the  largest  in  France, 
but  incomplete.  Beauvais  was  formerly  fortified.  It  has  a 
chamber  of  manufactures,  a  commercial  tribunal,  a  communal 
college,  a  public  library,  tanneries,  dye-works,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flannels,  woollen  cloths,  linens,  tapestry,  velvets, 
and  printed  cottons.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  having 
existed  under  the  Romans.  It  was  besieged  in  vain  by  the 
English  in  1443.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  events  in  its 
history  is  the  siege  which  it  successfully  stood  in  1472  against 
an  army  of  80,000  Burgundians  under  Charles  the  Bold. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1891)  16,186. 

Beauvais,  bo-va',  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  1306. . 

Beauval,  boV&l',  a  town  of  Franoe,  department  of 
Somme,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  2640. 

Beauville,  boVeel'  or  boVil',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot-et-Garonne,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Agon.     Pop.  1274. 

Beauvoir,  boVSr',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Harri- 
son CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans  <fc  Mobile  Railroad. 

Beauvoir-sur-Mer,  boVwau'-sUR-maiR,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Vendue,  3  miles  from  the  sea,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of 


BEA 


608 


BEA 


Nantes.  Pop.  2668.  Beauvoir  {i.e.,  "beautiful  view")  is 
the  name  of  several  villages  of  France. 

BeauzaC)  bo^zik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire, 
12  miles  N.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  2818. 

Beaver^  bee'v§r,  a  county  in  Western  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  463  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Beaver  and  Little  Beaver  Rivers  and  Raccoon  and  Cone- 
quenessing  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly; 
tke  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone,  petro- 
leum, and  beds  of  bituminous  coal  are  found  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad. 
Capital,  Beaver.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,148;  in  1880,  39,605; 
in  18y0,  50,077. 

Beaver^  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Utah,  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Beaver  River.  Area,  2704  square  miles. 
A  range  called  the  Iron  Mountains  extends  along  the  £. 
border  of  the  county.  A  large  part  of  it  is  an  arid  plain 
or  table-land  in  which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  Wheat, 
maize,  barley,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here.  Capital,  Beaver.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2007;  in  1880,  3918;  in  1890,  3340. 

Beaver^  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  8  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Eureka  Springs. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.  Pop.  1278. 
It  contains  Dona  van. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  637. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  489. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  195.* 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1017. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  427. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  503. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  539. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1692. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  376. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  246. 

Beaver,  &.  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  170. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Escanaba. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  200. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  511. 
It  contains  the  post-village  of  Alba. 

Beaver,  a  post-village  of  AVinona  co.,  Minn.,  in  'Wbite- 
water  township,  on  the  Minneska,  about  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Winona.   It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Beaver,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Mo. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  & 
San  Francisco  Railroad,  120  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  581. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Beaver  Creek  townsnip,  Greene 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  &  Xenia  Railroad,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Xenia.     It  has  a  distillery  and  a  flour- mill. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.  Pop.  1933. 
It  contains  East  Lewistown  and  Lima. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1684.  It 
contains  Williamsburg. 

Beaver,  a  post-township  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  65  miles  S.  by 
E.  from  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
flour-  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  862. 

Beaver,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver 
River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg,  and  Pittsburg  & 
Lake  Erie  Railroads,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  con- 
tains 2  banks,  the  Beaver  Collegiate  and  Musical  Institute, 
a  female  seminary,  4  churches,  and  3  weekly  and  2  daily 
newspapers.     Pop.  1552. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  the  oil  region. 
Pop.  1338.  It  contains  Edenburg,  IBeaver  City,  Monroe- 
ville,  and  Triangle. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.  Pop.  958.  It 
eontains  Beaver  Valley  and  Glen  City,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1177. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon 
Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1094. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1766.  It 
contains  Beavertown. 

Beaver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
from  Palestine. 

Beaver,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Beaver  co.,  Utah,  on 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  about  200  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Salt  Lake  City.  It  is  140  miles  from  York  Railroad  Sta- 
tion. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a,  tannery.     Pop.  about  2000. 


Beaver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Olympia. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.     Pop.  197. 

Beaver,  Juneau  co..  Wis.     See  Beaver  Mill. 

Beaver  Bank,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Halif.vx.     Pop.  100. 

Beaver  Bay,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Minn., 
on  Lake  Superior,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  of  Beaver  Bay  township,  161. 

Beaver  Brook,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Col.,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Golden. 

Beaver  Brook,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Salem  &  Lawrence  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Beaver  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 

Beaver  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Beaver  township,  4  miles  W.  of  Spring  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beaver  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  about 
48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Beaver  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Furnas  co., 
Neb.,  in  the  valley  of  Beaver  Creek,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Plum  Creek.  It  has  3  churches,  2  bankf!,  public  schools,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Beaver  City,  a  village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  in  Beaver 
township,  on  the  Emlenton  <fc  Shippenville  Railroad,  1}  miles 
W.  of  Edenburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and 
about  150  houses.    Oil  abounds  here. 

Beaver  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Boisdale. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  the 
Tombigbee  River. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Alabama,  enters  the  Alabama  from 
the  W.  in  Wilcox  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  runs 
nearly  northward,  intersects  Arapahoe  co.,  and  enters  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Platte  in  Weld  co.     Length,  100  miles. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Indiana,  enters  the  White  River  in 
Martin  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Iowa,  runs  first  southward,  and 
drains  the  W.  part  of  Dubuque  co.  It  then  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Jones  co.,  and  enters  the  Maquoketa  River 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Andrew.     Length,  nearly  80  miles. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Iowa,  rises  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
the  state.  It  flows  southward  through  Boone  co.  and  south- 
eastward through  Dallivs  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines 
River  about  6  miles  above  the  city  of  Des  Moines.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Iowa,  runs  eastward,  drains  the  S. 
part  of  Butler  co.,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  2  or  3  miles 
above  Cedar  Falls. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Kansas,  rises  in  Sherman  co.,  runs 
nearly  northeastward,  passes  into  Nebraska,  and  enters  the 
Republican  River  5  miles  above  Orleans.  It  is  probably  200 
miles  long.     It  flows  through  extensive  treeless  plains. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Raisin 
River  near  Adrian. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Missouri,  flows  into  White  River 
from  the  left,  in  Taney  co.,  a  few  miles  below  Forsyth. 
Little  Beaver  enters  the  above  creek  in  the  same  county. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Nebraska,  rises  in  Holt  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Loup  Fork  at  Monroe,  in 
Platte  CO.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Nebraska,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  flows 
eastward  through  York  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  the 
Big  Blue  River. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  New  Mexico  and  Texas,  rises  in 
Colfax  CO.  of  the  former,  runs  eastward  into  Texas,  and 
enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian  River,  or  unites 
with  another  creek  to  form4;hat  fork. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Ohio,  runs  nearly  northeastward 
through  Henry  co.,  and  enters  the  Maumee  in  Wood  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Congaree 
from  the  right,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lexington  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Wisconsin,  drains  part  of  Trempea- 
leau CO.,  and  enters  Black  River  5  miles  S.  of  Galesville. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dale  co.,  Ala. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  station  in  Fremont  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Canon  City  Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  W.N.W.  of  South  Pueblo. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bond  co..  111.,  in 
Beaver  Creek  township,  9  miles  S.  of  Greenville,  and  about 
75  miles  S.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
6i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  3  churches,  3  flour- 
mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-town  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.,  about 
10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Luverne.  It  contains  3  churches 
and  a  bank.     Pop.  350. 


BEA 


609 


C£A 


Weaver  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  46  milea 
B.  of  Marion,  Va. 

Beaver  Creek,  township,  Jones  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1108. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  township  of  Wilkos  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  960. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2289.     It  contains  Alpha  and  Beaver. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Black  River  Falls. 

Beaver  Cross'ing,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co..  Neb., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Seward.  Tt  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     I'op.  225. 

Beaver  Dale,  a  hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  near  Ken- 
nedy Station  of  the  Georgia  Pacific  Railway. 

Beaverdale,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Qa.,  8 
miles  from  Red  Clay  Railroad  Station. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  56  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Elizabethtown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  li 
miles  from  Vriesland  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  786. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.  Pop,  619. 

Beaver  Dam,  township,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  763. 

Beaver  Dam,  township,  Haywood  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1745. 

Beaver  Dam,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  635. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Beaver  Dam,  township,  Watauga  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  413. 

Beaver  Dam,  Long  Island,  N.Y.   See  Westhampton. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  <fc  Louisville  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Lima.     It  has  grist-,  planing-,- and  saw-mills. 

Beaver  Dam  (Wayne  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Erie  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Wayne  township,  1^  miles  from  Concord  Railroad 
Station,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Corry.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
cheese-factory,  Ac. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  city  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  at  the  S.E. 
end  and  outlet  of  Beaver  Lake,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  63  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwau- 
kee, 35  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Portage  City,  and  about  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Madison.  It  contains  14  churches,  a  bank,  the 
Wayland  Institute,  a  Catholic  seminary,  high  and  grammar 
schools,  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton-  and  woollen-goods,  agricultural  implements, 
flour,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  4222;  of  Beaver  Dam  township, 
1341.  Beaver  Lake  is  9  miles  long,  by  about  3  miles  wide. 
'  Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Burke  co., 
and  enters  Brier  Creek. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Georgia,  runs  southeastward 
through  Elbert  co,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Michigan,  rises  in  Gratiot 
CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Shiawassee  River  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Saginaw  City. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Wisconsin,  issues  from  a  lake 
of  the  same  name  in  Dodge  county.  It  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Crawfish  River  in  the  same  county. 

Beaver  Dam  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Hanover  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W. 
f  Richmond. 

Beaver  Dam  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Beaver  Dams,  a  small  village  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md. 

Beaver  Dams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dix  township,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Havana.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beaver  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Renville  co., 
Minn.,  in  Beaver  Falls  township,  on  the  Chanah  River, 
about  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Minnesota  River, 
and  65  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Mankato.  A  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  of  township,  634. 

Beaver  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Beaver  River,  60  miles  N.  of  TJtica,  and  5  from  Castorland. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores.  2  large  saw-mills,  and  a  tannery. 

Beaver  Falls,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Ft.  Wayne  A  Chicago,  and  the  Pittsburg  A  Lake  Erie  Rail- 
roads, 34  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  The  railroad  here 
crosses  the  river  by  a  bridge  which  connects  the  town  with 
New  Brighton.  Here  are  3  banks,  12  churches,  5  hotels,  a 
college,  water-works,  natural  and  artificial  gas,  and  electric 
lights.  It  is  a  manufacturing  centre,  and  has  large  file- 
works,  flouring-mills,  steel- works,  3  planing-mills,  an  axe- 
factory,  a  shovel-factory,  glass-factories,  tile-works,  white- 
ware  potteries,  bridge-works,  and  a  nail-mill.  About  2500 
operatives  are  employed  in  these  manufactures,  and  the 
eapital  invested  is  about  $2,600,000.     Coal  abounds  in  the 


vicinity.  An  electric  street-railroad  in  course  of  construc- 
tion will  connect  the  town  with  the  county-seat  4  milefl 
distant.     Pop.  in  1890,  9735. 

Beaver  Furnace,  a  small  village  of  Union  oo..  Pa. 

Beaver  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co..  Now 
Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Magaguadavio  River,  10 
miles  from  St.  George.     Pop.  150. 

Beaver  Harbor,  in  British  Columbia,  near  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Vancouver  Island,  has  beds  of  surface  coal. 

Beaver  Head,  a  river  which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moan- 
tains,  in  the  extreme  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  runs  north 
ward  and  northeastward  through  Beaver  Head  co.,  and 
unites  with  the  Big  Hole  or  Wisdom  "River  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Virginia  City.  The  stream  formed  by  this  junction 
is  the  Jefferson  River.     Gold  is  found  in  its  valley. 

Beaver  Head,  a  southwestern  county  of  Montana, 
borders  on  Idaho.  It  is  drained  by  Big  Hole  or  Wisdom 
River  and  Beaver  Head  River,  both  of  which  rise  in  it. 
The  "  Divide,"  or  main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
extends  along  the  S.W.  border  of  this  county.  Here  is  Big 
Hole  Prairie,  which  is  said  to  be  50  miles  long  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  The  plains  or  lower  parts  of  the  surface  are 
nearly  5000  feet  above  the  sea.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of 
export,  and  silver  is  said  to  be  found.  Among  its  minerals 
are  carboniferous  limestone  and  columnar  basalt.  The 
reported  out- put  from  Beaverhead  mines  in  1890  was 
$2,000,000.  Its  E.  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Dillon.  Pop.  in  1880,  2712;  in  1890,4655. 

Beaver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Beaver  Island,  in  the  N.  part  of  Lake  Michigan, 
is  about  50  miles  long.  It  is  the  largest  of  a  group  of 
islands  which  are  parts  of  Manitou  co.,  Mich.  It  has  a 
light-house. 

Beaver  Island,  Erieco.,  N.Y.,  a  small  island  in  Niag- 
ara River,  and  in  Grand  Island  township.  Area,  30  acres. 
It  has  a  fine  club-house. 

Beaver  Island,  Alaska.    See  Pribylov  Islands. 

Beaver  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia,  near  Cape  Canso.  Lat.  44°  49'  34"  N. ;  Ion. 
62°  20'  13"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Beaver  Island,  township,  Stokes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1247. 

Beaver  Kill,  a  creek  of  New  York,  rises  in  Ulster 
CO.,  runs  westward,  traverses  Sullivan  co.,  and  enters  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  in  Delaware  co. 

Beaver  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  from  AVestfield  Flats  Station.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Beaver  Lake,  in  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  is  about  8  miles 
long  and  4  miles  wide,  and  is  the  largest  lake  in  the  state. 

Beaver  Lake,  in  Barron  co..  Wis.,  is  the  principal  source 
of  Hay  River.     See  also  Beaver  Dam,  Wis. 

Beaver  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich., 
and  a  station  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A  Saginaw  Railroad, 
62  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City.  Pop.  about  600.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill  and  other  I)u.<ine3s  concerns. 

Beaver  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
from  Walton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Beaver  Meadow,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  Chickasabogue  River,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Mobile.  Half  a  mile  distant  is  Beavei 
Meadow  village,  which  has  a  paper-mill  and  2  churches. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Chickasabogue. 

Beaver  Meadow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Otselic  township,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the 
New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaver  Meadows,  a  post- village  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa., 
in  Banks  township,  on  the  Audenried  Branch  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  Here 
are  mines  of  anthracite.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  collieries. 

Beaver  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  oo.,  W.  Va., 
28  miles  E.  of  Nicholas.  It  has  2  churches  a  flour-mill,  and 
several  stores. 

Beaver  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
near  the  post-village  of  Rishton,  15  miles  S.  of  Lexington 
Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaver  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,6  milea 
from  Chula  Depot,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Amelia.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores,  Ac. 

Beaver  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  from  Powell's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  store,  and  a  mill. 

Beaver  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.  It  runs  southward  into  Mivssachusetts,  and 
enters  the  Merrimac  River  in  Dracut,  below  Lowell. 

Beaver  River,  of  New  York,  rises  near  the  N.W. 
corner  of  Hamilton  co.,  intersects  Herkimer  co.,  runs  weBt- 
ward,  and  enters  Black  River  9  miles  N.  of  LowvilU 


BEA 


610 


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Beaver  River»  of  Pennsylvania,  is  formed  by  the  Ma- 
honing and  Shenango  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Lawrence 
CO.,  about  3  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Beaver  co.  at  Rochester. 
The  direct  distance  from  the  junction  of  its  branches  to  its 
mouth  is  about  20  miles. 

Beaver  River,  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  takes  its  rise  in  a 
small  lake  2  miles  S.W.  of  Flesherton,  and  finds  its  outlet 
at  the  village  of  Thornbury,  on  Georgian  Bay. 

Beaver  River,  or  Brook'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Digby  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  14i  miles  N.  of  Yarmouth.    Pop.  160. 

Beaver  River  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  13  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Yarmouth.  Shipbuilding  is  carried  on  here. 
Pop.  400. 

Beaver  Run,  apost-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles 
W.  of  Hamburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  other 
farm-implements. 

Beaver  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  is  at 
Adamsburg,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Beavertaii',  the  southernmost  point  of  Canonicut 
Island,  Newport  co.,  R.I.  Lat.  41°  26'  56"  N. ;  Ion.  71° 
23'  39"  W.     It  has  a  granite  light^house  and  a  fog-horn. 

Beaver  Timber,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Kentland. 

Beaverton,  bee'v^r-tgn,  a  hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala., 
35  miles  from  Aberdeen,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaverton,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  111.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Poplar  Grove.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Beaverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Portland ;  has  3  churches.   Pop.  ^00. 

Beaverton,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Simcoe,  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  66  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  mills, 
and  factories.     Pop.  700. 

Beavertown,  bee'v^r-town,  a  village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  0.,  in  Van  Buren  township,  4i  miles  from  Dayton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  quarry  of  fine  limestone. 

BeavertOAvn,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Beaver  township,  on  the  Lewistown  division  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  Ac. 

Beaver  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Beaver  Valley,  a  small  post-village  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  on  Brandywine  Creek,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Beaver  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of 
Danville.     It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  store,  and  a  mill. 

Beaverviile,  bee'v§r-vil,  a  post-office  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  is  at  St.  Mary,  a  hamlet  on  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  73  miles  S.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 

Bebayh-el-Hagar,  be-b&'-el-h&'gar,orBebek-eN 
Hadjar,  bi-b5k'  el  hid'jar  (anc. /scmot  )^)  a  ruined  town 
of  Egypt,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mansoorah,  with  extensive 
remains  of  antiquity. 

Bebehan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Behbehan. 

Bee,  orLeBec,  l§h  bfik,  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Eure,  2  miles  from  Brionne.     Pop.  653. 

Becagnimec,  New  Brunswick.    See  Hartland. 

Becancour,  bi^kftija^koor',  a  large  river  of  Quebec, 
rises  in  the  co.  of  Beauce,  and,  flowing  through  the  cos.  of 
Megantic,  Arthabaska,  and  Nioolet,  falls  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence at  the  village  of  Becancour.     Total  length,  70  miles. 

Becancour,  the  chief  town  of  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec, 
is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Becancour  River,  80  miles  S.W.  of 
Quebec.     It  has  several  mills,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  600. 

Becancour  Station,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Nicolet  River,  42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Quebec.     Pop.  100. 

Becca'ria,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1239. 

Beccles,  bSk'klz,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on 
the  navigable  river  Waveney,  at  a  railway  junction,  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  a  free  school,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  town  hall,  a  large  jail,  and  a  theatre.  By  the 
river,  Beccles  maintains  an  active  trade  in  coals  and  corn, 
and  a  good  deal  of  malting  is  carried  on.     Pop.  4844. 

Bec-du-Raz,  bSk-dii-riz,  or  Point  Raz,  a  danger- 
ous promontory  on  the  W.  coast  of  France.  Lat.  48°  2'  12" 
N. ;  Ion.  4°  43'  42"  W.     There  is  a  light-house  on  it. 

Becerril  de  Campos,  bi-thSu-reel'  di  kim'poce,  a 
town  of  Spain,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  3000. 

Becherel,  baishVSr,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vi- 
.aine,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  780. 

Bechin,  bi'Kin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circuit  of  Tabor,  64 
miles  S.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2137. 

Bechtelsville,  bfiK't^Iz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
*).,  Pa.,  in  Washington    township,  on    the   Colebrookdale 


Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Pottstown.     It  has  a  blast-furnace, 
a  grist-mill,  a  hotel,  and  about  50  residences. 

Bechtheim,  bdKt'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
19  miles  S.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1347. 

Bechuanaiand,  be^choo-&'n&-land,  a  British  crown 
colony  of  South  Africa,  has  for  its  boundaries  the  Molopo 
River  on  the  N.,  which  separates  it  from  the  Bechuana- 
iand protectorate,  the  South  African  Republic  on  the  E., 
Cape  Colony  on  the  S.,  and  the  20th  meridian  of  E.  Ion.  on 
the  W.  Capital,  Vriburg.  Area,  71,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  60,376,  of  whom  5254  were  whites,  the  rest 
natives.  The  Beohuanas  are  superior  to  the  Kaffres  in 
civilization.  They  inhabit  large  towns,  and  their  houses  are 
well  constructed.  North  of  the  colony  proper  lies  the  pro- 
tectorate of  Bechuanaiand,  extending  to  22°  S.  lat.,  and 
embracing  with  the  colony  proper  170,000  square  miles. 

Beckaneer,  India.    See  Bickaneer. 

Beckenried,  bSk'^n-reet\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Unterwalden,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Stanz,  on  the  Lake  of  Lu- 
cerne.    It  has  a  trade  in  mayenzieger  cheese.     Pop.  1308. 

Beck'er,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Minne 
sota.  Area,  1400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Red 
River  of  the  North,  which  rises  within  its  limits.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  and  is  diversified  by  several  lakes,  one  of 
which  is  the  source  of  Red  River.  The  soil  is  mostly  pro- 
ductive. The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Detroit  City.  Pop.  in  1875,  2256 ;  in 
1880,  5218;  in  1890,  9401. 

Becker,  a  post-village  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  Elh 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  66  miles  N.W. 
of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  grain  elevator,  a  hotel  or  caravansary 
for  immigrants,  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  440. 

Becker's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Beck'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  1 0 
miles  S.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Beck'et,  or  North  Becket,  a  post-village  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  in  Becket  township,  on  the  Boston  <fc  Al- 
bany Railroad,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  basket-factory,  a 
grist-mill,  Ac.  Here  is  Becket  Post-Office.  The  township 
is  hilly,  and  presents  attractive  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  946. 

Becket  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
about  IS  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Becketts,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Marietta. 

Beckley,  Kentucky.    See  Floyd's  Fork. 

Beckley,  West  Virginia.    See  Raleigh  Court-House. 

Beck'ieysville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
7  miles  from  Parkton  Station,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Bal- 
timore.    It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  26  houses 

Beck's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  IlL 

Beck's  Cut,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Connellsville 
&  Baltimore  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport,  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa. 

Becks's  Grove,  a  post-offioe  of  Brown  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Beck's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
on  Blue  River,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem.  Here  is  a  grist- 
mill. 

Beck's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Millersburg. 

Beck's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Beck's  Run,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Beckstein,  b^k'stine,  or  Bokstein,  bok'stlne,  a  vil- 
lage of  Upper  Austria,  with  gold-  and  silver-mines  in  the 
valley  of  Gastein. 

Beckum,  bSk'koom,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
23  miles  S.E.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  1800. 

Beck'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles 
N.  of  New  Ross  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beckville,  a  station  in  Caddo  parish,  La.,  on  the  Texas 
Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Shreveport. 

Beckville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  3  miles 
from  Cheltenham  Station,  which  is  5  miles  from  St.  Louis. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Beckville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles 
S.  of  Marshall,  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Carthage.  It 
has  2  churches,  saw-  and  lumber-mills,  <fcc. 

Beck'with,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Jeff"erson  co., 
Iowa,  in  Buchanan  township,  on  a  railroad,  a  few  miles  from 
Fairfield.  It  lias  several  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  cheese- 
factory,  &c. 

Beckwith,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 


BEC 


611 


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Tennessee  &  Pacifio  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It 
has  2  churches.     The  name  of  its  station  is  Silver  Spring. 

BecsC)  bdt'ohfb,  or  Old  Becse  (Hung.  O  Jiec»a,  G  bet'- 
oh^h),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  B^os,  on  the  Theiss,  50 
miles  S    ,.'  Szegedin.     Pop.  14,058. 

New.  or  Turkish  Becse  ( Uj  Becse,  oo'e  bdt'ch^h,  or 
Tordk-Becae,  to^Rok'-bfit'ch^h),  is  on  the  Theiss,  co.  of 
Torontal,  8  miles  E.  of  Old  Becse.     Pop.  7193. 

Becskerek.    See  Kis-Becskbe£k  and  Naoy-Becske- 

BBK. 

BeczkO)  bSts'ko',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Trentschin.     Pop.  2300.     It  has  a  ruined  castle. 

Be'da,  a  post-office  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  is  at  Buckhorn. 

Be^dale')  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  32  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church 
erected  in  the  time  of  Edward  VI.,  a  grammar-school,  and 
2  hospitals  for  aged  men.     Pop.  1026. 

Bedarieux,  biMi^re-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault, 
on  the  Orb,  and  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.  of  B^ziers.  It  is 
neatly  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  paper,  silks, 
glass,  hosiery,  hats,  oil,  leather,  and  cottons.     Pop.  8985. 

Bedarrides,  bi^daR^need'  (anc.  Biturri'tx),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Avignon,  on  the  Ouveze.     Pop.  3066. 

Bedawee,  Bedawi*  or  Bedaween.    See  Bedouin. 

Beddgelart,  or  Bethgelert,  bdxH-ghdri^rt,  a  parish 
of  North  AVales,  cos.  of  Carnarvon  and  Merioneth.  Its  name 
is  said  (but  probably  without  truth)  to  commemorate  the 
old  legend  of  the  dog  Gelert.     Pop.  1423. 

Bed'dington,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
40  miles  E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  saw-mills.     Pop.  134. 

Bedeekarfee^  or  Bedikarfi,  bed-e-kar'fee,  a  large 
town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of  Bornoo,  110  miles  W.  of  Kooka, 
on  the  Yeoo.     Lat.  12°  45'  N.;  Ion.  12°  47'  E. 

Bedegoona,  Bedegouua,  or  Bede-Guua,  bdd^e- 
goo'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of  Bornoo,  130  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Kooka,  and  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Old  Birnie.  Lat. 
12°17'N.;  Ion.  12°  30' E. 

Bedeque,  b§-dak',  or  Centreville,  a  post-village  of 
Prince  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  Bedeque  or  Hatifan 
Bay,  10  miles  S.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  300. 

Bed'ford,  Beds,  or  Bedfordshire,  bed'ford-shjr, 
an  inland  county  of  England,  enclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Northampton,  Huntingdon,  Cambridge,  Herts,  and  Bucks. 
Extreme  length,  36  miles;  breadth,  23  miles.  Area,  461 
square  miles.  Surface  generally  level,  or  slightly  undu- 
lating, except  in  the  S.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  the  Chil- 
tern  Hills.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ouse,  Ivel,  and  Lea.  Soil 
producing  good  crops  of  wheat,  beans,  turnips,  and  garden- 
produce,  which  last,  with  butter,  is  raised  extensively  for 
the  London  market.  Principal  manufactures,  straw  plait, 
pillow-lace,  farm-tools,  and  machinery.  Chief  towns,  Bed- 
ford, Biggleswade,  Leighton-Buzzard,  Dunstable,  and  Luton. 
Several  railways  traverse  the  county.  It  returns  4  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons, — 2  for  the  county,  and  2  for  the 
borough  of  Bedford.     Pop.  in  1891,  160,729. 

Bedford,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Ouse,  50  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  London. 
Pop.  28,023.  It  has  4  parish  churches ;  a  famous  grammar- 
school,  founded  in  1556,  with  exhibitions  to  Oxford,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Dublin,  and  open  to  the  children  of  all  resident 
householders ;  free  and  blue-coat  schools ;  a  hospital,  founded 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  II. ;  and  45  almshouses.  Bedford 
has,  for  its  size,  more  public  endowments  than  any  other 
place  in  the  kingdom.  The  public  buildings  are  the  county 
nail,  jail,  house  of  correction,  lunatic  asylum,  infirmary, 
penitentiary,  a  public  library,  and  assembly-rooms.  The 
town  has  a  manufactory  of  straw  plait ;  but  its  principal 
trade,  which  is  carried  on  by  the  Ouse  with  Lynn  Regis,  is 
in  corn,  malt,  coals,  and  timber.  It  has  returned  2  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons  since  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 

Bedford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  near 
the  Bolton  &  Leigh  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Newton-in- 
Mackerfield.   Pop.  6610,  employed  in  cotton-factories. 

Bed'ford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  by  Dunning's 
and  Wills  Creeks.  The  main  range  of  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains extends  along  the  W.  border  of  this  county,  the  sur- 
face of  which  is  diversified  by  several  high  ridges  and  val- 
leys of  limestone  formation.  The  soil  of  these  valleys  is 
fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  rye  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil. 
Bituminous  coal  is  mined  in  Broitd  Top  Mountain  in  this 
county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Bedford  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.      Capital,  Bedford.     The  census 


returns  of  1890  show  the  total  product  of  bituminous  coal  in 
this  coanty  to  be  257,463  short  tons.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,635; 
1880,  34,929  ;  in  1890,  38,644. 

Bedford,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Duck  River,  which  runs  nearly  westward.  The  surface  ia 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  horses,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by 
the  Nashville  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad.  Capital,  Shelby  ville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  24,333;  in  1880,  26,025;  in  1890,  24,739. 

Bedford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  675  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Staunton  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Otter  Creek.  The  peaks  of  Otter, 
two  summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  rise  on  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county  to  an  altitude  of  about  4200  feet  above  the  tide. 
Thesurface  is  beautifully  diversified,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Bedford 
City.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,327;  in  1880,  31,205;  in  1890, 
31,213. 

Bedford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  mill.     Pop.  100. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.  Pop.  1336. 
It  contains  Cisne  and  Enterprise. 

Bedford,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  71  miles 
N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  East  Fork 
of  White  River.  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  the  Bedford 
Male  and  Female  College,  6  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  2 
planing-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  '.V.Vo\. 

Bedford,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Taylor  co,,  Iowa,  in 
Benton  township,  on  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and 
on  the  Creston  Branch  of  the  Burlington  &.  Missouri  River 
Railroad,  225  miles  W.  of  Burlington,  and  70  miles  N.  of 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks  2  weekly  news- 
papers, and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1643. 

Bedford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky., 
about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  35  miles  N.E.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bedford,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Bedford  township,  on  the  Middlesex  Central  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Boston,  also  on  the  Bedford  <fc  Billerica  Rail- 
road (narrow  gauge).  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  boots,  shoes,  brooms,  &c.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Concord  River.     Pop.  of  township,  (1890)  1092. 

Bedford,  a  post-township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  is 
drained  by  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  is  adjacent  to  the 
city  of  Battle  Creek.  Pop.  1356.  Bedford  Station  is  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Battle 
Creek.  Here  is  a  hamlet  named  Bedford,  which  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1588. 
It  contains  Lambertville. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2325. 
It  contains  Troy. 

Bedford,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  on  Grand 
River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Brunswick  with 
Chillicothe,  11  miles  S.E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  a  church,  3 
hotels,  2  tobacco-factories,  a  steam  grist-mill,  3  wagon-fac- 
tories, <fec.     Pop.  about  450. 

Bedford,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Concord,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Merrimac  River.  Bedford  Station,  near  the  limits  of  the 
township,  is  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare  Railroad,  1 
mile  W.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  in  1890,  1102. 

Bedford,  a  former  village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y^.,  now  a 
part  of  Brooklyn. 

Bedford,  a  post-village  and  semi-capital  of  Westches- 
ter CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Bedford  township,  about  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  Y'^ork  City.  It  is  about  4  miles  E.  of  the  New  York 
<fc  Harlem  Railroad.  It  has  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  several  churches.  (See  Bedford  Station.)  The  town- 
ship contains  other  villages,  named  Katonah  and  Mount 
Kisco.     Pop.  of  township,  3753. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  has  beds  of 
fine  cannel  coal.   Pop.  918.   The  post-office  is  West  Bedford. 

Bedford,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  town  hall,  a  graded  school, 
2  chair-factories,  2  flouring-mills,  and  other  business  houses. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1043. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.    Pop.  1645. 


BED 


612 


Mh 


Uedfoid,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the 
Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  37  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Altoona, 
and  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad.  It  is 
situated  about  1  mile  from  Bedford  Springs,  a  fashionable 
summer  resort.  It  has  8  churches,  a  fine  public  school- 
house,  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  banks,  2  steam  saw-  and 
planing-mills,  2  carriage-factories,  a  cigar-factory,  a  foun- 
dry, a  steam  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2242. 

Bedford)  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bedford,  a  post- village  in  Missisquoico.,Quebec,onPike 
River,  2^  miles  from  Stanbridge.  It  contains  3  churches, 
several  stores  and  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
leather,  scythes,  &o.     Pop.  1200. 

Bedford  Basiii;  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  head  of  Halifax  harbor,  8  miles  by  rail  from 
Halifax.     It  contains  a  woollen-factory,  paper-mills,  Ac. 

Bedford  Basin,  a  magnificent  sheet  of  water  of  Nova 
Scotia,  connected  by  a  narrow  arm,  called  the  Narrows,  with 
Halifax  harbor.     It  is  6  miles  long  by  4  miles  wide. 

Bedford  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  8  churches,  2 
banks,  4  newspaper  oflBces,  4  educational  institutions,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens,  tobacco,  and  cigars,  agricultural 
implements,  knit  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2897. 

Bed'ford  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific,  lat.  21°  8'  30" 
S.,  Ion.  136°  38'  W.,  is  low  and  wooded,  and  apparently  a 
coral  reef,  enclosing  a  lagoon.  * 

Bed'ford  Lev'el,  an  extensive  tract  of  flat  land  on 
the  E.  coast  of  England,  embracing  nearly  all  the  marshy 
district  called  The  Fens,  and  extending  into  the  counties 
of  Cambridge,  Northampton,  Lincoln,  Huntingdon,  Norfolk, 
and  Suifolk,  with  an  area  of  about  400,000  acres.  The  Ro- 
mans formed  an  immense  embankment  here,  which  excluded 
the  tide  and  rendered  the  district  for  a  time  very  fertile, 
until  the  sluices  became  choked  and  the  level  was  graldually 
converted  into  one  vast  morass.  Various  attempts  were 
made  to  drain  it  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI.  and  Charles  I., 
and  it  was  finally  reclaimed  by  the  Earl  of  Bedford  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  Under  Charles  II.  its  management 
was  intrusted  to  a  corporation,  which  still  exists.  This  tract 
produces  fine  crops  of  grain,  flax,  and  cole-seed ;  and  vast 
numbers  of  wild  ducks  are  caught  here  by  decoys. 

Bedford  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Bufordville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flouring-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  brick-yard. 

Bedford  Mills,  Ontario.     See  Newborough. 
Bedfordshire,  a  county  of  England.     See  Bedford. 
Bedford  Springs,  or  NeAV  London,  a  post-village 
of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Bedford  Springs,  Pennsylvania.     See  Bedford. 
Bedford  Station,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Bedias,  or  Bedais,  bee-dlz',  a  post-village  of  Grimes 
CO.,  Tex.,  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  churches. 
Bedikarfi,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Bedeekarfee. 
Bed'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Martins- 
burg.     It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bedizzole,  bd,-dit'so-l^,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Brescia,  near  the  Chiese.     Pop.  3805. 

Bedja,  bfij'i,  a  district  of  Nubia,  lying  along  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  and  extending  N.  from  Suakin  to 
Cape  Camol,  between  lat.  19°  and  22°  30'  N.  It  is  chiefly 
inhabited  by  the  Bisharye,  a  tribe  of  Bedouins. 
Bedles,  a  town  of  Turkey.  See  Bitlis. 
Bed'lington,  a  town  and  parish  of  Northumberland, 
England,  4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Morpeth,  of  which  it  forms 
a  mrt.     It  has  coal-mines  and  iron-works.     Pop.  13,494. 

Bed'loe's  Island  (so  called  from  a  former  proprietor), 
in  New  York  harbor,  li  miles  S.W.  of  the  Battery,  is  the 
property  of  the  United  States.     Here  is  Fort  Wood. 

Bed'minster,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Morristown,  ie  drained  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Raritan  River.  It  contains  hamlets  named 
Pluckemin,  Peapack,  and  Bedminster.  The  last  is  8  miles 
N.  of  Somerville.     Pop.  1881. 

Bedminster,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Bed- 

•ninster  township,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It 

as  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.     The  township  contains 

hamlet  named  Pipersville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2370. 

Bednore,  bed^nor',  a  town  of  Southern  India,  Mysore 


dominions,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Seringapatam.     It  was  for- 
merly a  city  of  wealth. 

Bedonia,  bi-do'ne-8,,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles 
W.  of  Borgo  Taro,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Selpi.  It  has  a 
church,  medical  college,  and  elementary  schools.  Pop.  4787. 
B6douin,  biMwiN°',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  10  miles  from  Carpentras.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pottery-ware,  and  silk-spinning.     Pop.  2486. 

Bedouin,  or  Beduin,  bWoo-in,  written  also  Bed« 
awee,  Bedawi,  and  Ahl  Bedoo  ("inhabitants  of  the 
open  land,"  so  called  to  distinguish  them  from  Ahl  Hadr, 
the  "  dwellers  in  towns"),  an  Arabic  name  for  people  of  the 
nomadic  tribes  of  Arabian  stock,  whether  dwellers  in  Arabia, 
Africa,  or  any  other  country.  These  clans  are  partly  of 
Bouthern  or  "pure  Arab"  blood,  the  so-called  Arabs  of  the 
Arabs,  and  partly  of  the  northern  or  supposed  Ishmaelito 
descent  (called  Mustareb).  Professionally  they  are  shep- 
herds and  breeders  of  horses,  camels,  and  other  stock ;  but 
in  many  places  they  are  robbers  also.  Ignorant  of  books, 
they  are  educated  in  hand  and  eye,  and  possess,  as  a  rule, 
much  native  intelligence,  and  a  fertile  imagination.  They 
are  given  to  inter-tribal  warfare  and  to  personal  and  family 
feuds ;  and,  although  their  moral  standard  is  by  no  means 
high,  they  are  generally  free  from  the  grosser  forms  of  vice, 
and  among  the  higher  classes  there  are  men  of  much  dig- 
nity and  worth. 

Bedoune,  a  town  of  Manchooria.     See  Petoone. 

Bedous,  b§hMoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^- 
n6es,  12  miles  S.  of  Oloron.  Pop.  1100.  It  has  a  custom- 
house, and  is  near  the  Spanish  frontier. 

Bedr  (bWr),  written  also  Badr,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in 
El  Hejaz,  175  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mecca.  Here  Mohammed 
gained  his  first  battle  over  the  people  of  Mecca.     Pop.  6600. 

Bedretto,  bi-dr^t'to,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Ticino,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Airolo.     Pop.  297. 

Beduni,  b&'dflm,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gro- 
ningen,  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Appingedam.     Pop.  4323. 

Bee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  980  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Aransas 
River  and  Medio  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the 
soil  produces  pasture  for  cattle  and  sheep,  the  principal  pro- 
ductions of  the  county.  Capital,  Beeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1082;  in  1880,  2298;  in  1890,  3720. 

Bee,  a  post- village  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Seward.     It  has  a  bank. 

Bee  Bayou,  bl'oo,  a  station  in  Richland  parish.  La., 
on  the  Vicksburg  A  Shreveport  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
the  Mississippi  River. 

Bee'be,  a  post-village  of  White  co..  Ark.,  33  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  7  fine  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  bank,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  Ac. 

Beebe  Plain,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Vermont  Line,  26  miles  by  rail  from  Lennoxville. 
Pop.  100. 

Beebe  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  above. 

Bee  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  oo..  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock. 

Bee  Branch,  a  township  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1593.     It  contains  Bynumville. 

Bee  Caves,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  17  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Austin. 

Beech,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  is  at  Fisher't 
14  miles  W.  of  Detroit. 

Beech,  a  post-office  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  4  miles  from 
Pataskala  Railroad  Station. 

Beech  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beech  Branch,  a  hamlet  in  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  8  miles 
from  Bronson  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beech  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Beech  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Henderson  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Decatur  co.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee 
River  at  Decaturville. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga. 

Beech  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2059.     It  contains  Newark. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Beech  Creek,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Bellefonte  A  Snow  Shoe  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Snow  Shoe. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-borough  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Beech  Creek  township,  and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  1  mile  from  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  887. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beech'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Willco.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago. 


BEE 


613 


BEE 


k  Eastern  Illinois  Railn-iid,  45  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  and  German  schools,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700. 

Beecher  City,  a  post- village  of  Effingham  co.,  111.,  66 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  places.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beech  Grove,  a  post-town  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  about 
2  miles  from  Green  River,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Sebree  Station 
of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  It  has  4  churchea 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  500. 

Beech  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  a 
school  called  Beech  Grove  College. 

Beech  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Point 
Pleasant.     It  has  2  stores,  and  is  a  shipping-point  for  timber. 

Beech  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Port  Royiil  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Beech'land,a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Beech  Ridge,  a  station  in  Alexander  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Beech  River,  orBeech  Fork  of  Salt  River,  rises 
near  the  middle  of  Kentucky.  It  runs  southwestward  and 
westward  with  a  very  tortuous  course,  intersects  Nelson 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River  about  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Elizabethtown. 

Beech  Spring,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3280.     It  contains  Vernonville. 

Beech  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ya.,  8  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Jonesville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Beech  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss., 
24  miles  N.  of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches,  and  an  academy 

Beechtown,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Frankfort. 

Beech  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.  The  chief  industry  is  coal-mining.  Pop. 
about  900. 

Beech'ville  (North  Branch  Post-Office),  a  post-village 
of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  North  Branch  township,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour -mills,  a  saw- 
naill,  a  foundry,  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory. 

Beech'vpood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Cohasset  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Beechwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Emporium. 

Beecnwood,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis. 

Beech'worth,  a  village  of  Victoria,  Australia,  near 
Ovens  River,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Albury,  in  a  rich  quartz- 
mining  region.     It  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  2866. 

Bee  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  in  Pearl 
township,  5i  miles  from  Pearl  Railroad  Station. 

Bee  Creek,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  189. 

Beeder,  Bider,  Bidar,  or  Beder,  bee'd^r,  one  of 
the  old  provinces  of  India,  between  lat.  16°  and  20°  N.  and 
Ion.  76°  and  80°  E.,  now  included  in  the  Nizam's  dominions. 

Beeder,  a  fortified  city  of  India,  the  former  capital  of 
the  above,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Hyderabad.  It  was  formerly  a 
great  city,  and  is  still  a  large  town. 

Beef  Island,  a  small  islet  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
British  West  Indies,  just  E.  of  Tortola. 

Bee  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo. 

Beek,  baik,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
6i  miles  N.E.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  2515.  Beek  is  also  the 
name  of  several  villages  in  Belgian  Limbourg. 

Beek,  atown  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  circle  of  Duisburg,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Emsche  and  the  Rhine.     Pop.  7310. 

Beek'man,  or  Beek'manville,  a  post-village  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Beekman  township,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  beds 
of  marble  and  mines  of  iron,  and  includes  part  of  the  Fish- 
kill  Mountains.  It  contains  hamlets  named  Green  Haven, 
Poughquag,  and  Sylvan  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1486. 

Beek'man's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Sharon  township,  3  miles  from  Seward  Station.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  20. 

Beek'mantown,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Beekmantown  township,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Platts- 
burg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  starch-factory.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  railroad  from  Plattsburg  to  Mooers.     Pop.  2383. 

Beekmantown,  or  North  Tar'rytown,  a  village 
of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  suburb  of  Tarrytown,  on  the 
Hudson  River.  It  has  4  churches,  the  Irving  Institute,  and 
manufactures  of  edge-tools  and  shoes.     Pod.  in  1890,  3179. 


Bee'ler's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo., 
W.  Va.,  8  miles  from  Moundsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Bee'ler's  Sum'mit,  in  Washington  co.,  Md.,  is  • 
station  on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
<fe  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Ilagerstown. 

Bee  liick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
from  Crab  Orchard.     It  has  a  church. 

Bee  Log,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beemah,  or  Bhima,  bee'm&,  a  river  of  Southern 
India,  rises  40  miles  N.  of  Poonah,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Kistnah  15  miles  S.W.  of  Muktul.     Length,  600  miles. 

Bee'mer,  a  post-village  of  Cuming  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  West  Point.     Pop.  250. 

Bee'merville,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about 
35  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Beemster,  baim'st^r,  one  of  the  most  populous  of  the 
polders  or  drained  grounds  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  13  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam.  It  has  an  area  of  8000 
acres,  with  a  village  called  Beemster.     Pop.  3817. 

Beer,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Bin. 

Beer-Al'ston,  il'st9n,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  near  the  Tamar,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Plymouth. 

Beeranah,  bee-ri'ni,  a  village  of  Hindostan,  in  the 
province  of  Ajmeer,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Hansi. 

Beerbhoom,  or  Birbhum,  beer^b'hoom'  (Sanscrit, 
Virahhumi,  "  land  of  heroes"),  the  northernmost  district  of 
the  Burdwan  division,  Bengal,  enclosed  by  Burdwan  and 
Moorshedabad  districts  and  the  Santal  Pergunnahs.  Capital, 
Beerbhoom.     Area,  1344  square  miles.     Pop.  696,943. 

Beerbhoom,  or  Soo'ry  (Suri),  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  district,  lat.  23°  54'  25"  N.,  Ion.  87°  34'  2.^" 
E.,  52  miles  S.W.  of  Moorshedabad.     Pop.  9000. 

Beereh- Jeek,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Bir. 

Beerfeiden,  baiR'ffil-d§n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  on  'he 
Miimling,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2643. 

Beerjoon,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Bhirjajt. 

Beernem,  baiu'n^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  We.. 
Flanders,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3900. 

Beeroo,  Beroo,  or  Biru,  bee^roo',  a  kingdom  of 
West  Africa,  N.  of  Bambarra. 

Beer-Re'gis,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Wareham.     Pop.  1336. 

Beers,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Beerse,  baiR's^h,  or  Beerze,  baiR'z^h,  a  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  an  affluent  of  the  Dommel, 
into  which  it  falls  near  Boxtel. 

Beersheba,  b^-^r'she-ba  (ano.  Bir-e»-Seba),  a  ruined 
border  town  of  Palestine,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jerusalem.  It 
was  a  favorite  station  of  the  patriarch  Abraham,  and  the 
southern  limit  of  the  Promised  Land. 

Beersheba  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  Table  Land,  is  a  watering-place; 
5  miles  N.  of  Altamont.  Here  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  with  a 
hotel,  1800  feet  above  the  level  of  Nashville. 

Beersville,  beerz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  from  Bath  Station,  and  i  mile  from  Petersville  Post- 
Office.     It  has  a  store  and  13  dwellings. 

Beerta,  baiR'ti,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  provinoe 
and  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3743. 

Beeskow,bi'skov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
17i  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  Spree,  has  kilns  and 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 
Pop.  4227. 

Beesley's  (beez'ljz)  Point,  a  post-village  of  Cape 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  in  Upper  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  about  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Atlantic  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  hotel.  The  housoa 
are  on  a  single  street  several  miles  in  length. 

Bee'son's,  a  station  in  Fayette  oo.,  Ind.,  5  miles  N 
of  Connersvilie. 

Bee  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edmondson  oo.,  Ey.,  10 
miles  from  Brownsville. 

Bee^sulnug'ger,  or  Bis^na'gar,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Guzerat,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baroda.  It  is  a  seat  of 
trade,  and  has  cotton  manufactures.     Pop.  18,000. 

Beesulpoor,  or  Bisalpur,  bee^sill-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  9250. 

Beesulpoor,  or  Bisalpur,  a  town  of  India,  state  of 
Joodpoor,  18  miles  E.  of  Joodpoor.     Pop.  4050. 

Beetgum,  bait'gilm,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  i« 
Friesland,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  952. 

Bee'ton,  a  post-town  of  Simcoe  co.,  Ont.,  69  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  public 
and  private  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  &e.   Pop.  about  800. 

Bee'town,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in  Beetowa 


BEE 


614 


BEJ 


township,  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  80  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  furnace  for 
wnelting  lead.     Pop.  of  township,  1717. 

Bee'ville,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Bee  co.,  Tex., 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas  &  Pacific  Rail- 
way, and  on  the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway,  92 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  San  Antonio.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  masonic  temple  which  cost 
$10,000,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1311. 

Befort)  a  town  of  France.     See  Belfort. 

Bega,  bi'goh\  a  river  of  Eastern  Hungary,  joins  the 
Theiss  21  miles  E.  of  Peterwardein. 

Begard)  beh-gan',  a  village  of  France,  in  C&tes-du- 
Nord,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  4553. 

Beg-Bazaar ,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Bei-Bazar. 

Begemder,  be-ghfim'd§r,  a  province  of  Abyssinia,  E. 
of  Dembea,  about  200  miles  long,  and  50  or  60  miles  wide. 

Begharmi,  a  country  of  Central  Africa.    See  Baghirmi. 

Beghram,  bS^grim',  a  plain  and  the  remains  of  a  city 
of  Afghanistan,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cabool. 

Begis,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bejis. 

Begkos,  bdg'kos\  Beikos,  or  Beicos,  b&'kos,  a 
large  village  in  Asia  Minor,  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name  in 
the  Bosporus,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scutari.  In  ancient  Greek 
mythology  this  locality  was  the  scene  of  the  contest  between 
Pollux  and  Amyous. 

Bugles,  bai'g'l,  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  2  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Bordeaux,  on  the  Garonne.     Pop.  4764. 

Beg-  Sheher,  bfig-shfiH'h§r,  Beg-  Shehr,  big-shSn'r', 
or  Bey- Sheher,  bi-shjH'her,  a  lake  and  river  of  Asia 
Minor.  The  lake  (probably  the  ancient  Coralis  or  Kara- 
jeli),  44  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh,  is  about  20  miles  long, 
from  5  to  10  miles  broad,  and  contains  many  islands.  It 
discharges  itself  into  the  Soglah  Lake,  25  miles  S.E.,  by  the 
Beg-Sheher  River;  the  towns  of  Beg-Sheher  and  Kereli  are 
on  its  E.  shore. 

Beg-Sheher,  b5g-shfiH'h§r  or  shaih'h^r,  Bei-She- 
her,  or  Bey-Sheher,  bi-shjn'h^r,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
38  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh,  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Beg- 
Sheher,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  seven  arches. 

Behar,  India.     See  Bahar,  also  Cooch  Bahar. 

Behbehan,  or  Babahan,  bi-ba-hin',  a  walled  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  in  a  fertile  plain,  130  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sheeraz.     Pop.  4000. 

Behera,  hk-nk'rk,  one  of  the  seven  prefectures  of  Lower 
Egypt,  is  a  fertile  cotton-growing  tract,  traversed  by  the 
Mahmoodeeyeh  Canal  and  the  Alexandria-Cairo  Railway. 
Capital,  Damanhoor.     Pop.  214,293. 

Behistun,  bi'his-toon',  Bisutun,  bee^soo-toon',  or 
Baghistan,  bigMs-tin'  (anc.  Mona  Bagista'nus),  a  moun- 
tain-side in  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  27  miles  E. 
of  Eermanshah,  with  a  very  remarkable  inscription  in  the 
cuneiform  writing,  and  minor  records  in  Arabic  and  Greek. 
The  main  inscription,  first  translated  by  Rawlinson  in  1846, 
records  the  exploits  of  Darius  Hystaspes,  and  dates  from 
the  fifth  century  B.C. 

Behle,  bi'l§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Czarnikow.     Pop.  2318. 

Behneseh,  bfih^nfis'eh,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Bahr- 
Yoosuf  (Joseph's  Canal),  48  miles  S.S. W.  of  Beni-Sooef.  It 
has  ruins  of  the  ancient  Oxyrynchua. 

B^hobie, b^^o^bee',  or  Behobia, bd,-ho-bee'&,  a  ham- 
let of  France,  in  Basses-Pyrenees,  with  a  custom-house  in  the 
pass  of  the  Pyrenees,  on  the  route  to  Spain.     Pop.  200. 

Behreud,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Berent. 

Behrens,bee'renz,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Cham- 
paign CO.,  111.,  in  East  Bend  township,  on  the  Havana, 
Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad,  10  miles  AV.  of  Rantoul.  It 
has  2  stores  and  8  or  9  houses. 

Behring  (bee'riag ;  Dan.  pron.  b^'ring)  Bay,  Yaku- 
tat  (yi'koo-tit)  Bay,  or  Au'miralty  Bay,  Alaska,  an 
inlet  of  the  Pacific,  about  lat.  59o  45'  N.,  Ion.  139°  45'  W. 

Behring  Sea,  or  Sea  of  Kamchatka,  is  that  part 
of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean  between  the  Aleutian  Islands, 
in  lat.  55°  N.,  and  Behring  Strait,  in  lat.  66°  N.,  by  which 
latter  it  communicates  with  the  Arctic  Ocean.  It  has  on  its 
W.  side  Kamchatka  and  the  Chookchee  country,  with  the 
Gulf  of  Anadeer,  and  on  its  E.  side  Alaska,  with  Norton 
Sound  and  Bristol  Bay.  It  contains  several  large  islands, 
and  receives  the  Anadeer,  Yukon,  and  other  large  rivers. 
It  is  in  general  shallow,  with  a  muddy  bottom.  Fogs  are 
almost  perpetual  in  this  sea. 

Behring's  Island,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Behring  Sea, 
one  of  the  Commander  Groi^,  a  Russian  island,  sometimes 
regarded  as  one  of  the  Aleutians.  Lat.  (W.  point)  55°  17'  N.  ; 
Ion.  165°  46'  E.  It  was  named  from  the  navigator  Behring, 
who  died  on  the  island,  December  8,  1741. 


Behring's  River,  Alaska.    See  Alsekh. 

Behring  Strait,  the  channel  which  separates  Asia 
and  America  at  their  nearest  approach  to  each  other,  and 
connects  the  Arctic  with  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Between  East 
Cape  (Asia),  lat.  66°  6'  N.,  Ion.  169°  38'  W.,  and  Cape  Prince 
of  Wales  (Alaska),  lat.  65°  46'  N.,  Ion.  168°  15'  E.,  it  is  36 
miles  across.  Its  depth  in  the  middle  is  about  30  fathoms. 
Shores  rocky,  bare,  and  greatly  indented.  It  was  dis- 
covered by  Vitus  Behring  in  1728.  It  contains  the  Diomede 
Islands. 

Behut,  one  of  the  rivers  of  the  Punjab.    See  Jhtlum. 

Bei-Bazar,  bi-bi-zar',  or  Beg-Bazaar,  big-bd- 
zar',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Sakareeyah, 
52  miles  W.  of  Angora.     Pop.  4750. 

Beicos,  or  Beikos.    See  Begkos. 

Beiertheim,  bi'^r-time\  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Carlsruhe,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1110. 

Beigerland,  or  Beijerland.    See  Beyerland. 

Beila,  Bei]ah,orBeylah,  Beloochistan.  See  Bela. 

Beilan,  bi.-lS.n',  a  town  and  pass  of  Syria,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  The  pass,  between  the 
mountains  Rhossus  and  Amanus,  is  considered  identical 
with  the  Amanian  Gates  of  antiquity.  The  town,  near  the 
crest  of  the  pass,  has  stone  houses  and  numerous  aqueducts. 
Here  the  Egyptians  defeated  the  Turks  in  1832.    Pop.  5000. 

Beilen,  or  Beylen,  bi'l?n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 3910. 

Beilngries,  bil'n'grees^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Altmuhl,  18  miles  N.  of  Ingolstadt.     Pop.  1620. 

Beilstein,  bile'stine,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1426. 

Beira,  or  Beyra,  M'e-ri,  a  province  of  Portugal,  be- 
tween lat.  39°  30'  and  41°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  40'  and  9°  50' 
W.,  having  on  the  E.  Spain,  and  on  the  W.  the  Atlantic. 
Area,  9244  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875, 1,319,598.  Surface 
mountainous,  traversed  by  the  Serra  da  Estrella ;  soil  not 
fertile.  Chief  rivers,  the  Douro,  forming  the  N.  boundary, 
and  the  Tagus,  on  the  S.  frontier.  Products,  wine,  wheat, 
barley,  maize,  olives,  and  fruits.  Chief  towns,  Coimbra, 
Ovar,  Aveiro,  Viseu,  and  Lamego.  It  consists  of  three 
divisions,  Beira-Alta,  Beira-Baixa,  and  Beira-Mar.  The 
heir-apparent  to  the  throne  has  the  title  of  Prince  of  Beira. 

Beirne,  bern,  a  post- village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  18  milea 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a 
saw-  and  planing-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Beirut,  Beirout,  or  Beiroot.    See  Bbyroot. 

Beisan,  b&'sin  (anc.  Betkshan  and  Scytkop'olis),  a  vil- 
lage of  Palestine,  near  the  Jordan,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jeru- 
salem. It  has  remains  of  an  acropolis,  a  Roman  bridge, 
fragments  of  houses  and  columns,  a  theatre,  excavated 
tombs,  Ac. 

Bei- Shehr,  Asia  Minor.    See  Beg-Sheher. 

Beitavend,  biHi-vSnd',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Irak- 
Ajemee,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Shooster. 

Beiteen,  or  Beitin,  a  town  of  Palestine.  See  Bethel. 

Beit-el-rakih,bit^-el-fi'k6H^  ("house  of  a  saint"),  a 
maritime  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  Red  Sea,  37  miles 
N.  of  Hodeida.  Pop.  about  8000.  It  is  a  large,  open  town, 
with  a  strong  citadel,  a  mosque,  and  houses  of  brick  and 
clay.  CofiFee,  wax,  gums,  coin,  pearls,  and  incense  are  car- 
ried hence  by  caravans  from  all  parts  of  Arabia. 

Beit-el-Lehm,  a  village  of  Palestine.  See  Bethlehem. 

Beit-el-Ma,  bit^-el-mi',  a  village  of  Syria,  on  the 
Orontes,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Antioch,  supposed  to  occupy  a 
portion  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Daphne. 

Beith,  beeth,  a  town  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ayr  and  Ren- 
frew, 20  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ayr.     Pop.  3707. 

Beith's  (beeths)  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Desha  oo., 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Beit-Jibreen  (Jibrin).    See  Eleutheropolis. 

Beitoor-el-Foka  and  Beitoor-el-Tahta,  vil- 
lages of  Palestine.     See  Beth-Horon. 

Beit'ner's,  a  station  in  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Traverse  City  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Beitstad,  bit'st&d,  a  town  of  Norway,  55  miles  N.E,  of 
Trondhjem,  on  Beitstad-fiord.     Pop.  2700. 

Beja,  bi'zhi  (anc.  Pax  Ju'lia),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  50  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Evora.  It  has  a 
castle,  cathedral,  hospital,  tanneries,  and  a  manufacture  of 
earthenwares,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pep.  6606. 

Beja,  bi'zhi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  on  the  Rio  Parfi,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Parfi. 

Beja,  orBegia,  atown  of  Africa,  60  milesW.  of  Tunis. 

Bejapoor,  be^ja-poor'  (formerly  written  Yisiaponr), 
an  old  province  of  Southern  India,  between  lat.  15°  and 
18°  N.  and  Ion.  73°  and  78°  E.,  intersected  by  the  Kistnah 


BBJ 


615 


BEL 


River,  and  bounded  southward  by  ita  tributary  the  Toom- 
buddra.  It  is  now  subdivided  among  the  dominions  of  the 
Nizam,  the  British  districts  of  Concan,  Poonah,  Darwar,  Ac, 
and  the  Portuguese  territory  of  6oa. 

Bejapoor  (Bijapur,  or  Bijaipnr,  formerly  Visia- 
pour,  or  Vyayapura),  a  city  of  India,  once  the  splendid 
capital  of  the  sovereignty  of  the  same  name,  but  now  prin- 
cipally in  ruins.  Its  remains  are  of  a  deeply  interesting  char- 
acter. It  is  245  miles  S.E.  of  Bombay,  in  the  Sattarah 
district.     Pop.  13,245. 

Bejapoor,  a  town  of  the  Guioowar's  dominions,  40  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Ahmedabad.     Lat.  23°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  46'  E. 

Bejar,  bi-nau',  a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles  S.  of  Sala- 
manca, in  the  valley  of  the  Sierra  de  Bejar.  It  has  cloth- 
manufactories.     Pop.  10,683. 

Bejar,  a  county  of  Texas.     See  Bexar. 

B^awer,  a  state  of  Hindostan.     See  Bijawar. 

Bejer,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Vejer. 

Bejetsk,  bi-zhfitsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
(57  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tver,  near  the  Mologa.  It  has  a  large 
mnual  fair  for  corn,  iron,  silk,  and  other  goods.     Pop.  3200. 

Bejighnr,  bee^je-gur',  or  B^ aigarh,  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Alighur  district,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Coel.     Pop.  5779. 

Bejis,  or  Begis,  bi-Hces',  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles 
W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  580. 

Bejour,  a  state  of  Hindostan.     See  Bijawar. 

Bejucal,  b^-Hoo-k&l',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  15 
iniles  by  rail  S.  of  Havana.     Pop.  2165. 

Bejuma,  bi-Hoo'mi,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Carabobo,  15  miles  SAY.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  7844. 

B6k6s,  bi^kSsh',  or  B^kesvar,  bi^k§shVa.r',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county  of  the  same  name,  57  miles 
6.W.  of  Debreezin.  It  has  a  trade  in  cattle,  corn,  and 
honey.     Pop.  22,547  ;  of  the  county,  209,729. 

Beta,  or  Vela,  India.     See  Bailah. 

Bela,  Belah,  Bella,  or  Beylah,  b^'l^,  a  town  of 
Beloochistan,  capital  of  the  province  of  Loos,  near  the  Poo- 
rally  River,  and  120  miles  h.  of  Khozdar.     Pop.  5000. 

Bela,  bi'Ioh\  a  town  of  North  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Kesinaik.     Pop.  2428.     See  also  Valaszka. 

Bela-Banya,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  DiIlln. 

Belabre,  b^h^libr',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
tndre,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  2216. 

Belad-el-Djeryd.    See  Beled-el-Jebeed. 

Belaia,  bi-li'i,  or  Bielaja,  byi-14'y4,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  in  the  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  flows  S.E.,  then  N.  and  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Kama. 
Length,  about  550  miles. 

Belaia  Tserkov,  or  Beltga  Zerkow,  a  town  of 
Russia.     See  Bielata  Tserkov.  / 

Berair',  a  station  in  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  railroad 
from  St.  Mark's  to  Tallahassee,  4  miles  S.  of  Tallahassee. 

Belair,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Augusta.*  It  has  a  church. 

Bel  Air,  a  hamlet  of  Illinois.     See  Bell  Air. 

Belair,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Plaquemines 
parish.  La.,  29  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Belair,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Havre  de  Grace. 
Belair  has  5  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Harford 
Academy,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  banks.     Pop.  1416. 

Bel  Air,  a  small  manufacturing  village  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  li  miles  N.  of  Pittsficld,  but  within  the  city 
limits.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Belair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C,  1  mile  from 
the  Catawba  River,  and  about  25  miles  S.  of  Charlotte,  N.C. 
It  has  a  church. 

Bel  Air  Road,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  Gardenyille. 

Belak,  the  Illyrian  for  Villach. 

Belalcazar,  bi.-l&l-ki'thaR,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cordova.    It  manufactures  woollens.    Pop.  4420. 

Belaspoor,  bi'lis-poor',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Sut- 
lej,  185  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi, 

Belaspoor,  Bildspar,  beeMis^poor',  or  BeMas- 
pore',  a  district  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British  India, 
forms  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Chutteesgurh  plateau.  Lat. 
21°  45'-23°  10'  N.;  Ion.  81°  30'-83°  15'  E.  It  is  generally 
hilly,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Mahanuddy.  Area,  2089 
square  miles.     Capital,  Belaspoor.     Pop.  715,398. 

Belaspoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  on 
the  river  Urpa.     Lat.  22°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  6'  E.     Pop.  6190. 

Belaun,  be-lawn',  or  Belawan,  be-law'an,  a  small 
island  of  the  Sooloo  Archipelago,  about  35  miles  S.  of  the 
island  of  Baseelan.     Lat.  (E.  point)  6°  N. ;  Ion.  122°  8'  E. 

Belbend,  Pennsylvania.     See  Belle  Bend. 

Belbeys,  or  Belbeis,  bSrbise',  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  E.  arm  of  the  Nile,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.    Pop.  5000. 


Belcastro,  bil-k&s'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1166. 

Belcele,  bSl-s&'l^b,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3100. 

Bel'cher,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Bel'cher  Islands,  two  small  groups  in  Hudson  Bay. 

Bel'chertown,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 

10  iniles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Amherst,  and  about  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  hotel, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  2120. 

Bel'cherville,  a  post-village  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  23 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Henrietta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Belchite,  bfil-ehee'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Saragossa.  Here,  June  18,  1809,  the  French  under  Suchet 
defeated  the  Spaniards  under  Blake.  The  town  has  woollen- 
manufactures.     Pop.  3275. 

Beldan'g^,  or  Bedan'go,  a  village  of  Bengal,  Moor- 
shedabad  district.    Lat.  23°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  18'  E.    P.  6037. 

Bel'den,  a  post- village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lagro 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River  and  Canal,  and  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Belden,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  eo.,  Mich.,  in  Huron 
township,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  mineral 
spring.     Pop.  200. 

Belden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coles- 
ville  township,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad, 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton. 

Belden,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  C,  in  Grafton 
township,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Tuscarawas  Valley  Railroad, 

11  miles  S.E.  of  Elyria.  It  has  2  churches,  an  oil-refinery, 
and  several  wells  of  lubricating  oil. 

Bel'denville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson. 

Bel'ding,  a  thriving  post-town  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ionia.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  extensive  manufactory  of 
refrigerators  (claimed  to  be  the  largest  establishment  of  the 
kind  in  the  world),  and  manufactures  of  silk,  furniture,  and 
caskets.     Pop.  in  1890,  1730. 

Beldoc,  a  village  of  South  Carolina.     See  Baldock. 

Beled-el-Jereed,  Beled-el-Jerid,  Belad-el- 
Djeryd,  Beled-el-Jerede,  b51'§d-el-jer-eed',  written 
also  Biled-ul-Gerid,  bil'§d-661-jer-eed'  (i.e.,  "country 
of  dates"),  a  name  given  by  geographers  to  that  part  of  the 
Barbary  States  which  lies  in  the  Sahara,  As  a  descriptive 
term  it  is  well  chosen,  but  locally  it  is  applied  only  to  the 
Tunisian  part  of  the  region. 

Beled-es-Soodan,  in  Africa.    See  Soodan. 

Belem,  bi-lfiNo',  a  town  of  Portugal,  2  miles  S.  of  Lis- 
bon, on  the  right  bank  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  Tagus. 
Lat.  of  the  castle,  38°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  U'  W.  It  is  now  a 
part  of  Lisbon  (which  see). 

Belem,  a  city  of  Brazil.     See  Para. 

Belen,  hk-lin',  or  Belem,  b4-lfim',  a  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  province  and  45  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cata- 
marca.     Pop.  3820. 

Be'Ien,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Quitman  oo..  Miss.,  on 
the  Coldwater,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sardis.   It  has  2  churches. 

Belen,  bi-lfin',  a  post-town  of  Valencia  co..  New  Mex- 
ico, near  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  116  miles  S.S.W.  of  Santa  F6.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  convent,  and  several  busi- 
ness houses.     Pop.  about  760. 

Bel^nyes,  biM4n'ySsh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Kbros,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  2105. 

Be'Iep  Islands,  a  group  lying  25  or  30  miles  N.  of 
New  Caledonia,  in  Australasia,  and  claimed  by  France. 
Chief  isles.  Art,  Poot,  and  Dau-Teama. 

Be'lew  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Belew's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 

Belfast,  bdl-f&st',  a  seaport  and  borough  of  Ireland, 
88  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dublin.  Lat.  54°  36'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  6° 
56'  12"  W.  It  is  the  second  city  of  Ireland  in  trade  and 
population,  and  the  first  in  manufactures.  It  stands  mainly 
in  the  dounty  of  Antrim,  but  a  large  suburb  called  Bally- 
macarret  is  in  the  county  Down,  and  is  connected  with  the 
main  town  by  three  bridges.  Belfast  is  mostly  on  low  ground, 
on  the  Lagan,  near  its  embouchure  in  Belfast  Bay,  and,  owing 
to  its  extremely  low  position,  has  nothing  imposing  in  ita 
appearance.  The  houses,  mostly  of  brick,  are  well  built,  and 
many  of  them  are  handsome;  the  streets  are  spacious  and 
clean.  Its  port  has  been  greatly  improved  of  late,  and  many 
docks  and  basins  have  been  constructed. 


B£l 


616 


BEL 


At  the  head  of  the  educational  institutions  is  the  Queen's 
College,  a  magniticent  structure  of  brick  and  stone,  opened 
for  students  in  1849.  The  other  educational  establishments 
are  the  Royal  Academical  Institution,  founded  in  1810,  the 
General  Assembly's  College,  Wesleyan  and  Catholic  schools,  a 
botanic  garden,  the  Belfast  Academy,  and  numerous  national 
schools  and  private  seminaries.  The  charitable  and  benev- 
olent institutions  comprise  the  poorhouse,  medical,  surgical, 
lying-in,  and  fever  hospitals,  tne  lunatic  asylum,  the  deaf 
and  dumb  and  the  blind  asylum,  the  Ulster  female  peniten- 
tiary, and  the  union  workhouse.  Other  public  buildings  are 
the  commercial  buildings,  com  exchange,  museum,  white 
and  brown  linen-halls,  theatre,  and  music  hall. 

Belfast  is  the  great  depot  of  the  linen  trade  of  the  North 
of  Ireland,  as  well  as  the  chief  seat  of  the  manufactories  of 
linen.  It  has  also  saw-mills,  extensive  ship-yards,  breweries, 
soap-,  glass-,  felt-,  chemical,  and  dye-works,  foundries  and 
machine-shops,  and  yards  for  manufacturing  ropes  and  sail- 
cloth. The  commerce  of  Belfast  is  very  considerable,  and 
is  rapidly  increasing.  Some  of  the  best  iron  ships  afloat 
have  been  built  here.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  cot- 
ton and  linen  manufactures,  corn,  meal,  flour,  provisions, 
flax,  tow,  and  horses. 

Belfast  returns  2  members  to  Parliament.  The  country 
around  is  extremely  beautiful,  the  lough  being  a  fine  object; 
and  the  hills  which  bound  it  and  partly  encircle  the  town 
are  under  cultivation,  while  their  slopes  are  thickly  studded 
with  the  villas  and  country-houses  of  merchants.  It  is 
comparatively  a  modern  town,  and  was  erected  into  a  mu- 
nicipal and  parliamentary  borough  about  1610.  Kumerous 
railways  centre  in  Belfast.  The  population  is  largely  Prot- 
estant. There  are  many  fine  churches.  In  recent  growth 
Belfast  far  exceeds  all  other  towns  in  Ireland.  Pop.  in  1861, 
119,242;  in  1881,  208,122;  in  1891,  255,896. 

BePfast',  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Sheridan. 

Belfast,  a  post- village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  Des  Moines 
River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  stave-factory. 

Belfast,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  is  on  the  W,  side  of  Penobscot  Bay  (which  is  the 
estuary  between  the  Penobscot  River  and  the  ocean), 
about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bangor,  42  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Augusta,  and  30  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is 
the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Belfast  division  of  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  by  which  route  it  is  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Portland.  It  is  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill  which  over- 
looks a  wide  expanse  of  water,  and  has  a  good  harbor,  which 
is  suflSiciently  deep  for  the  largest  ships  and  is  seldom  ob- 
structed by  ice.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in 
trade,  navigation,  and  ship-building.  Hay,  granite,  and 
potatoes  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Belfast  has  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks,  carriages,  machinery,  paper,  axes,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1853.     Pop.  in  1890,  6294. 

Belfast,  a  post-ofiice  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Belfast,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bel- 
fast township,  on  the  Genesee  River  and  the  Genesee 
Valley  Canal,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Belmont,  and  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  3  churches,  1  bank,  the  Gen- 
esee Valley  Seminary,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1598. 

Belfast,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  in  Stone 
Lick  township,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  2  or  3  stores. 

Belfast,  a  hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  55  miles  E.  of 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  72.     The  name  of  its  post-ofiBce  is  Bell. 

Belfast,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  856. 

Belfast,  a  post- village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

Belfast,  a  village  of  Marshall  oo.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  from 
Lowisburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Belfast,  or  £l'don,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Belfast,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  18  miles 
from  Goderich.     Pop.  150. 

Belfast,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  county  of 
Villiers,  on  a  bay  called  Port  Fairy,  lat.  38°  23'  S..  Ion. 
142°  14'  E.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Moyne.     Pop.  2485. 

Belfast  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Saltville.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bel'field,  a  post-town  of  Greenville  co.,  Va.,  42  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  5  churches,  a  female  semi- 
nary, public  schools  for  white  and  colored,  large  flour-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  veneering,  carriages,  &,o.     Pop.  493. 


Bel^font',  a  station  on  the  Hecla  branch  of  the  Irot 
Railroad,  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  1  mile  E.  of  Ironton. 

Bel'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
14  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Berwick.     Pop.  1020. 

Bel'ford,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Markham.     Pop.  200. 

Belfort,  bSrfoR',  or  Befort,  bi^foR',  a  fortified  town 
of  France,  capital  of  the  frontier  department  of  Haut- 
Rhin,  in  Alsace.  It  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar.  It^as  a  citadel  con- 
structed by  Vauban,  a  fine  church,  a  college,  and  a  library, 
besides  foundries  and  wire-factories.  Pop.  8014.  The  term 
"  territory  of  Belfort"  was  applied  to  the  fragment  of  the 
department  of  Haut-Rhin  remaining  in  French  possession 
in  1871,  but  in  1878  the  name  Haut-Rhin  was  restored. 

Bel'fort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver 
River,  in  Croghan  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Lowville. 

Belfouiit'ain,  or  Bellefou'taine,  a  post-village  in 
Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Credit,  6  miles  from 
Charleston.  It  has  water-power,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-miU, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  100. 

Bel 'fry,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Belgse,  bfil'jee,  the  name  given  by  Caesar  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  one  of  the  three  divisions  of  ancient  Gaul.  Their 
territory  extended  from  the  Rhine  to  the  SeinCj  comprising, 
in  addition  to  the  modern  Belgium,  part  of  the  Netherlands 
and  a  large  portion  of  Northeastern  France. 

Belgard,  bfil'gaRt,  formerly  Bjaligrod,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  Pomerania,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Coslin,  on  the  Persante.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  6303. 

Belgaum,  or  Belgam,  oil-gawm',  a  district  of  the 
Bombay  Presidency,  British  India.  Lat.  15°  30'-16°  15'  N.; 
Ion.  74°-76°  30'  E.  Area,  4591  square  miles.  It  is  moun- 
tainous in  the  S.,  but  elsewhere  very  fertile  and  populous. 
Capital,  Belgaum.     Pop.  938,730. 

llelgaum,  or  Belgam,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  above,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Darwar.     Pop.  26,947. 

Belgenciacum,  a  Latin  name  of  Beaugenct. 

Belgeiitier,  b5rzh6N»He-i',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Var,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1045. 

Belgern,  bfil'gh^rn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  3105. 

Belgicse  Provinciae,  the  Latin  for  Netherlands. 

Belgiojoso,  bfil-jo-yo'so,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Pavia.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a 
noble  castle  of  the  princes  of  Belgiojoso.     Pop.  4011. 

Belgium,  b^l'je-um  (Fr.  La  Belgique,  1&  bSPzheek' ; 
Ger.  Belyien,  b5l^'ghe-§n  ;  anciently  a  part  of  Gal'lia  Bel'- 
gica),  a  small  kingdom  of  Western  Europe,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Netherlands,  on  the  E.  by  Luxemburg,  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  and  the  Netherlands,  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by 
France,  and  on  ihe  N.W.  by  the  German  Ocean.  It  lies 
between  lat.  49°  30'  and  51°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  2°  32'  and  6° 
7'  E.  Its  greatest  length,  on  a  line  drawn  from  Ostend  to 
Arlon,  is  174  miles.  Area,  11,373  square  miles.  It  is  di- 
vided into  9  provinces, — Antwerp,  Brabant,  East  Flanders, 
West  Flanders,  Hainaut,  Liege,  Limbourg,  Luxembourg, 
and  Namur.     Capital,  Brussels.     Pop.  in  1889,  6,093,798. 

Physical  Features. — The  surface  is  mostly  level,  but  in 
some  parts  is  diversified  by  hills,  the  most  elevated  of  which 
are  about  2000  feet  high  and  are  in  the  southeastern  prov- 
inces of  Liege,  Luxembourg,  and  Namur.  A  part  of  the 
Ardennes  extends  from  France  into  Belgium,  and  separates 
the  basin  of  the  Meuse  from  that  of  the  Scheldt.  These 
highlands  are  mostly  covered  with  dense  forests.  The  plains 
bordering  on  the  sea  are  flat,  and  so  low  that  they  require 
dikes  to  protect  them  from  inundation.  The  climate  is 
temperate,  and  similar  to  that  of  England,  but  is  a  little 
colder  in  winter  and  hotter  in  summer.  The  mean  annual 
temperature  at  Brussels  is  50°. 6  Fahr. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Meuse,  Scheldt,  Sambre, 
Demer,  Dender,  Dyle,  Lys,  Dommel,  Ourthe,  and  Rupel. 
The  Scheldt  is  navigable  for  about  100  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  is  connected  by  canals  with  the  Seine  and  Somme.  The 
Meuse  is  also  navigable  from  its  mouth  to  the  point  where 
it  enters  this  kingdom.  The  inland  navigation  is  facilitated 
by  canals,  the  total  length  of  which  is  376  English  miles. 

Minerah,  Industry,  &c. — Belgium  is  rich  in  minerals, 
especially  coal,  iron,  calamine  (zinc),  lead,  manganese,  and 
marble.  There  are  numerous  quarries  of  limestone,  granite, 
slate,  and  freestone  or  sandstone.  The  richest  coal-mines 
are  in  Hainaut,  and  there  are  in  the  kingdom  about  300  coal- 
mines, producing  annually  from  16,000,000  to  20,000,000 
tons  of  coal,  by  over  100,000  workmen.  Iron  ore  abounds 
in  the  province  of  Namur. 


BEL 


617 


BEL 


The  soil  is  cultivated  with  care,  and  is  generally  pro- 
ductive. The  Belgians  are  noted  for  their  skill  in  rural 
economy,  and  a  large  part  of  their  countiy  is  cultivated  like 
a  garden.  Among  the  chief  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  flax,  hops,  potatoes,  beans,  tobacco,  and  hemp. 
Cattle  and  horses  form  an  important  part  of  the  wealth  of 
the  farmers,  the  number  of  cattle  in  the  kingdom  being  about 
1,400,000.  Belgium  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton, 
linen,  cutlery,  carpets,  machinery,  paper,  woollen  cloth,  Ac. 
The  fine  linen  of  Flanders  and  the  lace  of  Brabant  have  a 
world-wide  reputation. 

Commerce. — This  country  is  favorably  situated  for  com- 
merce. Antwerp,  which  has  an  excellent  harbor,  was  for- 
merly the  most  important  commercial  city  of  Europe,  and 
the  trade  of  Belgium  is  still  prosperous,  and  is  promoted  by 
numerous  canals  and  railroads.  The  aggregate  length  of 
the  railroads  completed  in  January,  1886,  was  2768  miles. 
The  chief  articles  of  export  are  coal,  iron,  linen  goods, 
woollen  cloth,  flax,  machinery,  cotton  stuffs,  paper,  glass,  lace, 
fire-arms,  hides,  raw  sugar,  zinc,  and  grain,  the  exports 
and  imports  each  amounting  to  about  $500,000,000  a  year; 
but  this  trade  is  largely  in  transit  to  and  from  Germany  and 
other  countries.  The  articles  imported  are  wool,  cotton, 
cereal  grain,  iron,  hides,  cofi"ee,  timber,  copper,  resins,  sugar, 
silk  goods,  leather,  petroleum,  &e.  In  prosperous  times  as 
many  as  6000  vessels,  with  a  tonnage  of  about  2,500,000, 
enter  and  leave  the  ports  of  Belgium  annually. 

People,  Language,  dec. — Belgium  is  the  most  densely  pop- 
ulated country  of  Europe,  having  about  460  inhabitants  to 
the  square  mile.  The  population  is  composed  of  Flemings, 
who  are  of  Germanic  race,  and  Walloons,  who  are  ^f  French 
stock.  The  Flemings,  who  are  the  most  numerous,  speak  the 
Flemish  or  Dutch  language,  but  the  educated  Belgians  gener- 
ally speak  French,  which  is  the  official  language  of  the  court. 
The  Walloons  speak  a  dialect  or  corrupt  form  of  French. 
The  predominant  religion  of  this  kingdom  is  Roman  Cath- 
olic, the  number  of  Protestants  in  it  being  but  about  15,000. 
The  chief  cities  are  Brussels,  Antwerp,  Ghent,  Liege,  Bruges, 
Mechlin,  Verviers,  Louvain,  and  Tournay.  Belgium  has 
universities  at  Ghent,  Brussels,  Louvain,  and  Liege. 

Qovernment  and  History. — The  government  is  a  constitu- 
tional and  hereditary  monarchy.  The  succession  is  in  the 
direct  male  line  in  the  order  of  primogeniture,  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  females.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the 
king,  the  senate,  and  the  chamber  of  representatives,  who 
are  elected  by  the  people.  The  press  is  free,  and  the  people 
are  equal  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  which  guarantees  the  free- 
dom of  religious  worship.  The  king  nominates  to  civil  and 
military  offices,  commands  the  army,  declares  war,  and  con- 
cludes treaties.  The  public  debt  amounted  in  1891-92  to 
2,073,560,000  francs  ($400,000,000). 

This  country  has  been  the  scene  of  many  important  events, 
and  the  battle-field  on  which  English,  French,  German,  and 
Spanish  armies  have  often  encountered.  Since  the  Middle 
Ages  it  has  been  ruled  successively  by  the  dukes  of  Bur- 
gundy, the  kings  of  Spain,  and  the  Austrian  sovereigns. 
It  was  annexed  to  France  during  the  revolution  which  began 
in  1789,  but  in  1814  the  allies  united  Belgium  and  Holland 
into  a  kingdom  called  the  Netherlands.  In  June,  1815, 
Napoleon  was  finally  defeated  at  Waterloo,  which  is  in  Bel- 
gium. The  religion,  language,  and  habits  of  the  Belgians 
rendering  them  averse  to  a  union  with  the  Dutch,  in  Au- 
gust, 1830,  they  revolted  against  the  king  and  declared 
Belgium  an  independent  state.  On  the  4th  of  June,  1831, 
Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg  was  elected  King  of  Bel- 
gium. A  Dutch  army  invaded  Belgium  and  defeated  Leo- 
pold in  battle  in  August  of  that  year,  but  several  foreign 
powers  interfered  and  induced  the  King  of  the  Netherlands 
to  desist  from  hostilities. 

Bel'gium,  a  village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  Seneca  River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse. 
Here  is  Clay  Post-Offiee.     Pop.  166. 

Belgium,  a  post-township  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  station 
named  Belgium,  which  is  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  & 
Western  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  2052. 

Belgorod,  b61-go-rod',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  88  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Donets.  It  is  an 
archbishop's  see,  and  has  numerous  churches,  Ac,  and  man- 
ufactures of  leather.     Pop.  15,200. 

Belgrad,  a  town  of  Albania.     See  Berat. 

Belgrade,  bel-grid'  (anc.  Singldit'num ;  Turk.  Bil- 
grand,  bil-gr&d' ;  Servian.  Rielgorod,  "  white  town"),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  Servia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  at 
the  coufluence  of  the  Save,  just  below  Semlin,  in  Austria- 
Hungary.  Lat.  44°  47'  67"  N. ;  Ion.  20°  28'  14"  E.  It  is 
40 


the  largest  and  best-built  city  of  Servia,  and  one  of  the 
strongest  places  in  Europe.  The  citadel  is  on  the  tongue  of 
land  between  the  rivers,  behind  which  rises  the  city  propor, 
with  antique-looking  edifices,  a  cathedral,  a  palace,  and 
barracks.  Belgrade  had  formerly  an  oriental  appearance, 
but  new  buildings  are  being  constructed,  and  the  bazaars 
have  now  glazed  shop-windows.  It  has  manufactures  of 
arms,  carpets,  silk  goods,  cutlery,  and  saddlery,  a  lyceum, 
and  several  schools.  It  has  an  excellent  port,  an  increasing 
general  trade,  and  is  the  entrepdt  of  commerce  between 
Turkey  and  Austria,  and  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop 
and  of  a  Catholic  bishop. 

The  military  experiences  of  Belgrade  have  rendered  it 
famous  in  history.  It  was  long  an  object  of  fierce  conten- 
tion between  the  Austrians  and  the  Turks.  It  was  besieged 
by  the  latter  in  1456,  and  again,  with  success,  in  1522, 
from  which  time  it  was  held  by  them  till  1688,  when  it  was 
retaken.  Two  years  afterwards  it  was  again  captured  by 
the  Turks.  In  1717  it  was  besieged  by  Prince  Eugene  and 
taken.  In  1739  the  Turks  made  a  vain  attempt  to  retake 
Belgrade,  but  soon  after  came  into  possession  of  it  by  treaty, 
retaining  it  till  1789,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  Austrians, 
who  restored  it  to  the  Turks  in  1791.  In  1877  it  became 
the  capital  of  Servia.     Pop.  in  1891,  54.  4bS. 

Belgrade,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  Roumelia,  13 
miles  N.  of  Constantinople,  where  many  opulent  inhabitants 
of  that  city  have  country-houses. 

Belgrade',  apost-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  in  Bel 
grade  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,, 33  milefi 
N.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  11  miles  N.  of  Augusta.     The  town- 
ship has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  spools. 
Pop.  of  township,  1485. 

Belgrade,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  97  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  graded  schools,  and  flour-mills.    Pop.  300. 

Belgrade,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Mo.,  in 
Belgrade  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Iron  Mountain,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Potosi.    It  has  3  churches  and  3  general  stores. 

Belgrade  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me 
about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Augusta. 

BePgram',  BiPgram',  or  Belagrame,  a  town  of 
India,  58  miles  N.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  11,578. 

Bel  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo., 
Ala.,  in  a  finely  wooded  and  watered  country,  15  miles  8. 
by  W.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school, 
and  near  here  is  a  curious  subterranean  lake. 

Belici,  b&'le-che,  or  Bel  ice,  bi,'le-ch&  (anc.  Hyp^tat 
or  Hyp'aa),  a  river  of  Sicily,  enters  the  Mediterranean  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Sciacca.     Length,  50  miles. 

Belida,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Algeria.    See  Blidah. 

Belina,  a  Latin  name  for  Bilin. 

Belin'da,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  10  milea 
N.E.  of  Chariton. 

Bel'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Ya., 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Grafton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belitz,  or  Beelitz,  bi'lits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  1738. 

Belize,  Central  America.     See  Balize. 

Belk,  bilk,  or  Uum'mock  Island,  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  one  of  the  Serangani  Islands,  lat.  6°  24'  N., 
Ion.  125°  21'  E. 

Belknap,  bSl'nap,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
New  Hampshire,  has  an  area  of  about  392  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pemigewasset  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Suncook  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills, 
lakes,  and  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  beech,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Laconia.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,681 ;  in  1880, 
17,948;  in  1890,  20,321. 

Belknap,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  III.,  on  Cache 
River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E. 
of  Cairo.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Belknap,  a  po8t»-village  of  Davis  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.  of  Ottumwa,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Belknap,  a  township,  Pottawattamie co.,Iowa.  Pop.188. 

Belknap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Allegan,  and  near  Lake  Michigan. 

Belknap,  Pine  co.,  Minn.    See  Millrr. 

Belknap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.  It 
has  2  churches. 


BEL 


618 


BEL 


Belknap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Young  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Brazos  River,  105  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Delknap  Springs,  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Cascade 
Range,  and  on  McKenzie  River,  65  miles  E.  hy  N.  of 
Eugene  City.     Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Belkov'ski,  a  seaport  village  of  Alaska,  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Aliaska  peninsula,  near  its  extremity. 

Belkuchi,  bSrkoo'ohe,  a  town  of  the  Pabna  district, 
Bengal,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Pabna.    Pop.  6128. 

Bell,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders  on 
Tennessee  and  Virginia.  Area,  about  350  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Straight  Creek.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests.  The  Cumberland  Mountain  extends 
along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county.  Indian  com,  oats, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Its  S.W.  portion 
is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Pineville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3731  j  in  1880,  6056;  in 
1890,  10,312. 

Bell,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little  River 
and  its  branches  Leon  River  and  Lampassas  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     A  large 

fortion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  cattle,  and 
ndian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6,  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroads.  Capital,  Belton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9771; 
in  1880,  20,518;  in  1890,  33,297. 

Bell,  Highland  co.,  0.    See  Belfast. 

Bell,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  918. 

Bell,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  785. 

Bell,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.     Pop.  810. 

Bella,  bil'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Basilicata,  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  5395. 

Bellac,  bfiriik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Haute-Vienne,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  3400. 

Bellagio,  bSl-li'jo  (Lat.  Bila'cus),  a  town  of  Italy,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  extremity  of  the  promontory 
which  divides  the  lakes  of  Como  and  Lecco. 

Bell  Air*     In  addition  to  the  following,  see  Bel  Air. 

Bell  Air,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  111.,  about  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Bell  Air,  a  post-village  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  about  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bellaire,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Kalkaska.     Pop.  500. 

Bellaire,  or  Bell  Air,  a  city  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  below  Wheeling,  137  miles  E.  of 
Columbus,  and  26  miles  by  railroad  S.  of  Steubenville.  It 
is  the  east  terminus  of  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  south  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad.  It  has  2  daily  and 
4  weekly  newspapers,  2  banks,  10  churches,  also  manufac- 
tures of  window-glass  and  flint-ware,  nails,  pig-iron,  gal- 
vanized ware,  and  agricultural  machines.  The  city  is 
lighted  with  electric  light  and  gas,  and  has  water-works 
and  a  street  railway.  Coal,  limestone,  and  fire-clay  abound 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  4033;  in  1880,  8025 ;  in  1890,  9934. 

Bella  Isola.    See  Borromean  Islands. 

Bellamours  (bSirS,'moor')  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  north 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Bellamy's  Mills,  Lanark  co.,  Ontario.    See  Clayton. 

Bellano,  bfil-l^'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Lecco,  at  the  mouth  of  the  torrent  Pioverna,  on  which  is 
a  cascade,  the  Orrido  di  Bellano,  or' Re-do  dee  b£l-l&'no. 

Bellary,  or  Ballari,  b^l-lah'ree,  a  district  of  India, 
Madras  Presidency,  lat.  13°  40'-15°  58'  N.,  Ion.  75°  44'-78° 
19'  E.  Area,  10,857  square  miles.  It  consists  mainly  of  a 
high  plateau  between  the  Eastern  and  Western  Ghauts,  and 
is  in  large  part  an  almost  treeless  plain.  The  little  state  of 
Bundoor  is  enclosed  within  it.  Diamonds  are  found  in  Bel- 
lary.    Pop.  1,652,044. 

Bellary,  or  Ballari,  a  fortified  city  of  India,  capital 
of  the  above  district,  270  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Madras. 
It  has  an  orphanage,  jail,  arsenal,  barracks,  and  many 
good  public  and  private  buildings.     Pop.  (1891)  69,467. 

Bellas,  bSrias,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estre- 
madura,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lisbon,  on  the  Ancelva.  It  has 
mineral  baths,  and  a  fine  castle.     Pop.  2717. 

Bel'la  Syl'va,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  saw-mills. 

Bell  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich. 

Beirbrook',  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  9  miles  W.  of 
Xenia,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  4  churches 
ftQd  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  369. 


Bellbnckle,  bel'biick'l,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co , 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad.  50  mile? 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  public 
schools  for  white  and  colored,  a  high  school,  a  music  school, 
a  mineral  well,  noted  for  the  medicinal  properties  of  its 
waters,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  a  grain-mill. 
Here  is  also  the  celebrated  Webb  Training  School,  with 
about  200  pupils.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Bell  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Kickapoo  River,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boscobel.  It  has 
a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  Ac. 

Bell  Creek,  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.    See  Belle  Cbeic. 

Belle-Alli'ance,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
South  Brabant,  near  Waterloo,  by  which  name  the  battla 
tif  Waterloo  is  recorded  in  Germany. 

Belle  Bend,  or  Belbend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  22  mile? 
below  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  powder-mill. 

Belle  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  A  Cleveland 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  tin-ware,  Ac.     Pop.  276. 

Bellechasse,  birshiss',  a  county  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
bordering  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.W.,  and  on 
the  state  of  Maine  on  the  S.E.  Area,  1083  square  miles. 
The  chief  staples  are  maple  sugar,  flax,  hay,  and  oats. 
Chief  town,  Berthier-en-Bas.     Pop.  17,637. 

Bellechasse,  Quebec.    See  Berthier-bn-Bas. 

Belle  Creek,  of  Nebraska,  rises  in  Burt  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Washington  co.,  and  enters  the  Elkhorn 
River  about  9  miles  E.  of  Fremont. 

Belle  Creek,  a  station  in  Goodhue  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minneapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Red 
Wing. 

Belle  Creek,  of  Washington  co..  Neb.  See  Arlinotoit. 

Belledune,  birdvin',  a  post-hamlet  in  Gloucester  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  on  a  railway, 
20  miles  W.  of  Bathurst.     Pop.  400. 

BePleek',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Fermanagh,  on 
the  Erne,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ballyshannon.     Pop.  327. 

Belle  Flow'er,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in 
Belle  Flower  township,  on  the  Oilman,  Clinton  A  Spring- 
field Railroad,  71  miles  E.N.B.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church,  several  stores,  and  a  grain  elevator.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 659. 

Belle-Fontaine,  b5rf6N<»'tAn',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  10  miles  S.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  2136. 

Belle-Fontaine,  bfirf6NoHin',  a  hamlet  of  Switzer- 
land, in  Bern,  on  the  Doubs,  with  extensive  iron-works. 

Bellefontaine,  bSl-fon'tin,  a  hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind., 
6  miles  E.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  post-office 
named  Hector. 

Bellefontaine,  Iowa.    See  Belle  Fountain. 

Bellefontaine,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Miss., 
55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bellefontaine,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Barrett's  Station.  There  is  also  a  Bellefon- 
taine  Station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bellefontaine,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Logan  co., 
0.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cincinnati  A  Sandusky,  and 
Cleveland  A  Indianapolis  branches  of  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railway,  113  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
2  national  banks,  a  court-house,  a  union  school,  3  news- 
paper offices,  11  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
railroad-cars,  and  carriage-bodies.  It  has  also  a  chair-  and 
school-desk-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  4245. 

Bellefonte,  bgrfont',  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Ala.,  near  the  Tennessee  River.  It  is  2  miles  from  Bellefonte 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  46 
miles  E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bellefonte,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ark.,  4  miles 
from  Harrison,  and  90  miles  from  Springfield,  Mo.  It  haa 
2  churches,  a  college,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  mill,  and 
2  cotton-gins.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bellefonte,  a  station  in  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lexing- 
ton A  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Ashland.  It  has 
an  iron-furnace. 

Bellefonte,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo. 

Bellefonte,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  Spring  Creek,  at  the  southeastern 
base  of  Bald  Eagle  Mountain,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  47  miles  N.E. 
of  Altoona.  It  derives  its  name  from  a  large  spring,  from 
which  pure  water  is  distributed  through  the  town  in  pipea 


BEL 


619 


BEL 


rlt  baa  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  the  Bellefonte  Aead- 
[•my,  10  churches,  4  newspaper  offices  (one  of  which  issues  a 
Idaily  edition,  the  others  weekly),  iron-works,  and  manu- 
r^tures  of  glass,  machinery,  Ac.  This  town  is  a  terminus 
i-of  the  Bellefonte  A  Snow  Shoe,  Bellefonte,  Kittany  A  Le- 
mont,  and  the  Bellefonte,  Bald  Eagle  A  Buffalo  Run  Rail- 
roads.    Pop.  in  1880,  3026;  in  1890,  3946. 

Bellefountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Portage,  and  about  7  miles  E.  of  Corning 
Railroad  Station. 

Belle  Fourche,  bel  foorsh,  is  the  French  for  "Beau- 
tiful Fork,"  and  is  a  name  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Cheyenne 
River.  It  rises  in  Wyoming,  and  runs  northeastward  about 
150  miles.  Abruptly  turning  towards  the  southeast,  it  passes 
Into  Dakota,  and  receives  many  tributaries  from  the  Black 
Hills,  which  it  partly  environs.     See  Cheyenne. 

Bellegarde^  bfirgand',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Pyr6- 
n6es-0rientales,  on  the  Spanish  frontier,  17  miles  S.  of 
Perpignan. 

Bellegarde,  a  hamlet  of  France,  department  of  Gard, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  2820. 

Bellegarde,  bgrgard',  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie 
CO.,  Kansas,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Irving. 

Belleghem,  b5ri§h-Hfim\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  3  miles  S.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2880. 

Belle  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  Accomao  co.,  Va., 
near  the  sea-coast,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grange-hall,  2  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Belle  Isle,  bil  ile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Syracuse,  and 
1  mile  from  Fairmount  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Belle  Isle,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Richmond. 

Belle  Isle,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  between  Labrador  and  Newfound- 
land. Here  is  a  light-house,  with  a  depot  of  provisions  for 
shipwrecked  mariners. 

Belle  Isle,  an  island  of  Conception  Bay,  Newfound- 
land. It  is  9  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad,  and  is  of  re- 
markable fertility.  The  cliflfs  near  the  sea  are  imposing, 
some  of  them  being  over  400  feet  high.     Pop.  500. 

South  Belle  Isle  is  a  small  island  off  the  coast  of  New- 
foundland, N.  of  the  entrance  to  White  Bay. 

Belle  Isle,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
7  miles  from  Annapolis.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  100. 

Belle  Isle  Corner,  New  Brunswick.  See  Spring- 
field. 

BeLIeisle-en-Mer,bSreel'-6N»-maiR,an  isle  of  France, 
department  of  Morbihan,  in  the  Atlantic,  8  miles  S.  of  Qui- 
beron  Point.  Length,  11  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles. 
The  island  is  noted  for  wheat,  pilchards,  and  fine  draught- 
horses.  It  is  nearly  surrounded  by  rocks,  and  has  a  good 
anchorage.     Pop.  9871. 

Belleisle- en-Terre,  bfireer-fiN»-taiR,  a  town  of 
France,  C6te8-du-Nord,  10  miles  W.  of  Guingamp,  on  a 
railway.     Pop.  2051. 

Belle  Isle,  Straits  of.    See  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 

Bellem,  bil'ldm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, lOi  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1900. 

Belleme,  or  Bellesme,  bSriSm'  or  bSriaim',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Orne,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alen^on. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton.     Pop.  3108. 

Bellemont,  bfiirmont',  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Bellemonte,  bSirmont',  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  1^  miles  from  Leaman  Place. 

Bellenz,  the  German  for  Bellinzona. 

Belle  Oak,  a  hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  in  Locke 
township,  20  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
Miw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  spring  beds.  Pop.  102. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Locke. 

Belle  Place,  a  post-office  of  Iberia  parish.  La. 

Belle  Plain,  or  Bell  Plain,  a  post-town  of  Mar- 
shall CO.,  HI.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  direct  from  Laoon.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  1092. 

Belle  Plain,  or  Belle  Plaine,  a  post-village  &f 
Benton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
34  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Cedar  Rapids,  and  34  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Marshalltown.  It  is  2  miles  N.  of  the  Iowa  River.  It 
has  4  hotels,  2  banks,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  floar- 
ing-mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a  brewery,  and 
manufactures  of  butter,  steam-engines  and  heating  appa- 
ratus, and  a  glove-factory.     Pop.  2623. 

Belle  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Millville.  It 
luui  a  churoh  and  a  brick-yard. 


Belle  Plaine,  a  post-town  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas, 

near  the  Niunescah  or  Good  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Wichita, 
and  1 1  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Wellington.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  659. 

Belle  Plaine,  a  post-borough  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  in  Belle  Plaine  township,  on  the 
St.  Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
Paul.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  floor-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  fine  hotel.     Pop.  of  borough  in  1890,  814. 

Belle  Plaine,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  in 
Belle  Plaine  township,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Appleton.  The 
township  is  drained  by  Embarras  River.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Total  pop.  708. 

Belle  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbus. 

Belle  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co-, 
111.,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  160. 

B  el  1  e  P  rairie ,  a  township,  Livingston  co..  111.  Pop.  630. 

Belle  Prairie,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Morrison 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  Belle  Prairie  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minne- 
sota, 5  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  419. 

Belle  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Belvidere  Railroad  Station. 

Belle  Rive,  b61  reev,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  88  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Belle  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lapeer  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  St.  Clair  River  at  Marine  City,  in 
St.  Clair  co.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Belle  River,  Ontario.     See  Rochester. 

Belle  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  stream  of  its  own  name,  in  Berlin  township,  about  25 
miles  W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  flour.     Pop.  about  100. 

Belle  River,  a  township,  Douglas  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  316. 

Belle  Riviere,  reVe^aiR',  a  post-village,  co.  of  Two 
Mountains,  Quebec,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Belle  Riviere  (called  by  the  Indians  Kouapaganieh), 
a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  a  lake  of  the  same  name  in  Chi- 
coutimi  CO.,  and  falls  into  the  S.E.  side  of  Lake  St.  John. 

Belle  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Belle  Union,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind. 

Belle  Valley,  a  village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Noble  town- 
ship, on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  39 
miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
flour  and  lumber.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Belle  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Erie. 

Belleveaux  or  Belliveau  (ber^-vo')  Cove,  a  post- 
village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Digby.     Pop.  200. 

Belle  Ver'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Tiffin,  and  8  miles  from  Upper  Sandusky.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Belle  Vernon,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
7  miles  N.  of  Brownsville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a 
distillery,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures 
of  window-glass.     Pop.  1147. 

BellevieAV,  a  post-town  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ocala.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Belleview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Qa.,  14  miles 
N.  of  Geneva  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belleview,  a  post-township  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  on  th« 
Mississippi  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.    Pop.  947. 

Belleview,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
Aurora,  Ind.     Here  is  Grant  Post-Office. 

Belleview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Belleview,  a  station  in  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville A  Lexington  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Belleview,  a  township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  92. 

Belleview,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Ironton,  and  5  miles  from  Iron  Mountain. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Belleview,  a  township,  Washington  co..  Mo.    P.  1867. 

Belleview,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Swatara  River,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Belle  View,  or  Bellevue,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greer- 
ville  CO.,  S.C.,  12  miles  from  Greenville.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Belleview,  or  Bellevue,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  churoh  and  2  stores. 


BEL 


620 


BEL 


Belleview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  oo.,  Tex.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Henderson. 

Belleville,  Mir  veel',  a  former  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  now  a  suburb  of  Paris,  and  enclosed  by  fortifi- 
cations. It  stands  on  an  eminence,  interspersed  with  villas 
and  public  gardens,  and  has  manufactures  of  cashmeres, 
chemical  products,  soap,  and  metals.     Pop.  57,700, 

Belleville,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Rh6ne, 
at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Sadne,  8  miles  N.  of  Ville- 
franche.     Pop.  3261. 

Belleville,  bel'vil,  a  post-viUage  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala., 
8  miles  from  Sparta,  and  75  miles  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  churches,  and  is  surrounded  by  pine  forests. 
Pop.  250. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  about  9 
miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  steam 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Belleville,  or  Bellville,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  Fla.,  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tallahassee,  and  12 
miles  from  Madison  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belleville,  a  city  and  railroad  centre  of  Illinois,  the 
capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  on  the 
Louisville  &,  Nashville,  Louisville,  Evansville  and  St.  Louis, 
and  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  15  miles 
8.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  10  churches,  a  convent,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  breweries,  and  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  iron,  nails,  flour,  steam-engine,s 
threshing-machines,  pumps,  drills,  Ac.  A  large  proportion 
of  the  population  is  German.  Three  daily  German  news- 
papers are  published  here  by  parties  who  also  issue  weekly 
editions  in  German.  Here  are  also  printing-oflSces  whfch 
issue  2  weekly  English  newspapers.  Belleville  has  rich 
mines  of  bituminous  coal,  the  beds  of  which  are  thick  and 
easily  accessible.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,683;  in  1890,  15,360. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &,  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  ha« 
2  churches.     Pop.  264. 

Belleville,  township,  Chautauqua  co.,  Kans.    Pop. 936. 

Belleville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas, 
in  a  fine  agricultural  section,  87  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Man- 
hattan. It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school  and 
other  city  schools,  and  2  newspaper  oflSces.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1868. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Huron  River,  in  Van  Buren  township,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
graded  schools,  3  grist-mills,  3  saw-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  cider,  jelly,  cheese,  brooms,  and  cigars.  Pop. 
in  1890,  367. 

Belleville,  a  hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  from 
Centretown  Railroad  Station.     Lead  is  found  near  it. 

Belleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  77 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Belleville,  a  post-ofiBce  and  mining  village  of  Esme- 
ralda CO.,  Nevada,  135  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wadsworth.  It 
has  2  or  3  mills  for  silver,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  500. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Belle- 
ville township,  on  the  Passaic  River,  and  on  the  Newark 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  1 0 
miles  from  New  York  City ;  also  on  the  Montclair  A  Green- 
wood Lake  Railroad.  The  Watchung  Railroad  extends 
hence  to  Orange.  It  has  2  academies,  5  churches,  a  rolling- 
mill  for  copper,  and  a  manufactory  of  hats.  Brass  and 
copper  wire  are  made  here.     Pop.  of  township,  3644. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ellisburg  township,  on  North  Sandy  Creek,  about  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Oswego,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  has 
the  Union  Academy  of  Belleville,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  chairs,  and  furniture. 

Belleville,  a  post- village  of  North  Dakota,  in  Grand 
Forks  CO.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Inkster  station  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway. 

Belleville,  or  Bellville,  a  post-village  of  Richland 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  and  on 
the  Lake  Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  14 
miles  S.  of  Mansfield,  and  48  miles  N.  of  Newark.  It  has  a 
bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
baskets,  machinery,  Ac.     Pop.  941. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  about  9 
miles  W.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  3  churches,  and  several 
mills  or  factories. 

Belleville,  Austin  co.,  Texas.     See  Bellville. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Ohio,  18  miles  below  Parkersburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  208. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mon- 


trose township,  on  Sugar  River,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  mill.     Pop.  132. 

Belleville,  the  capital  of  the  co.  of  Hastings,  Ontario, 
on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  at  the  mouth  ot  tlie  river  Moira,  48 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingston.  It  is  well  built,  is  lighted 
with  gas  and  electric  light,  and  has  a  good  harbor  and  un- 
limited water-power.  The  town  contains  the  county  build- 
ings, numerous  handsome  stores,  offices  from  which  2  daily 
and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  issued,  15  churches,  a  con- 
vent, common  schools,  2  business  colleges,  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, chandleries,  foundries,  flouring-mills,  woollen- 
factories,  sash-,  door-,  blind-,  canning-,  and  furniture- 
factories,  saw-mills  and  grain  elevators,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Albert  College.     Pop.  in  1891,  9914. 

Bellevoi»,bgrv6r',  a  post- hamlet  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C., 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Raleigh. 

Bellevous  (belPvoo')  Village,  a  post- village  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  Now  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Wemramcook. 

Bellevae.     See  also  Belleview  and  Belvue. 

Bellevne,  bePvii',  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  is  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Bellevae,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.     See  Belleview. 

Bellevae,  a  post-town  of  Logan  co.,  Idaho,  52  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Shoshone.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bauk,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  flour-mill,  several  mining  companies,  and 
numerous  stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  892. 

Bellevae,  a  post-town  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  is  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  A  Dubuque 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and  28  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  Clinton.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  has  a  good 
landing  for  steamboats.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Bellevue  has  5  churches,  2  private  banks,  2 
flouring-mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1394. 

Bellevoe,  a  town  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  adjacent  to 
Newport,  and  connected  by  street  railroad  with  Cincinnati. 
It  contains  4  churches,  carriage-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
3500. 

Bellevae,  a  post-village  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  on 
Lake  Bodcau,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Shieveport.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  weekly  newspaper. 

Bellevae,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  on  Battle 
Creek,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  the 
town  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  limekilns,  a  foundry,  a  bank,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  914;  of  the  township,  2084, 

Bellevae,  a  station  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  96  milea 
N.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  79. 

Bellevae,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  finely  sit- 
uated on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  A  Mis- 
souri River  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Omaha,  and  58  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  bee-hives. 

Bellevue,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Bridgeton  A  Port  Norris  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Bridgeton. 

Bellevae,  a  post- village  of  Huron  and  Sandusky  cos., 
0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  67 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  11  miles  AV.  of  Norwalk,  and 
45  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills, 
2  foundries,  2  machine-shops,  2  weekly  newspapers,  7 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  barrels,  and  agri- 
cultural implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  3052. 

Bellevae,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  two  railroads,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  6  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  750. 

Bel  levae,  a  station  in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  1  mileS.  ofScranton. 

Bellevae,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  on  the  Norristown  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  the  initial  station. 

Bellevue,  hamlet.  South  Carolina.     See  Belle  View. 

Bellevae,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Henrietta,  and  79  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 
It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

Bellevue,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Bellevae,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  Wis.     Pop.  711. 

Bellevue  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  1'  N.,  Ion.  107°  1'  W,  It  has  an 
altitude  of  12,350  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Bell  Ew'art,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Simcoe,  53  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.  It  containn 
3  churches,  several  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  600. 

Bel'Iew's,  a  station  in  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Strasburg  A  Harrisonburg  Railroad,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Har 
per's  Ferry. 

Belley,  bSrii'  (anc.  Bel'Uca,  Bel'licnm,  and  Belli'cium), 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ain,  near  the  Rhone,  44 
miles  E.  of  Lyons.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  4700. 


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Bell  Fac'tory*  a  post-oflSoe  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Bellfair  Mills,  a  poat-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  from  Quantico  Station.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour. 

Bell  Flower,  township,  McLean  co.,  HI.     Pop.  659. 

Bellheim,  b^ll'hlme,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  5 
miles  from  Gcrmorsheim,  on  the  Spiegelbach.     Pop.  2679. 

Bellica,  Bcllicum,  or  Bellicium.    See  Belley. 

Belligam,  bfilMe-gim',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  small 
but  beautiful  bay,  between  Matura  and  Galle. 

Bell'ingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  New  York  <Sc  New  England,  and  Hopkiuton,  Milford  & 
Woonsocket  Railroads,  .S2  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1223;  in  1890,  1334. 

Bellingham,apost-vilIageof  Lac-qui-parleco.,  Minn., 
near  lake  Lac-qui-parle,  170  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Minne- 
apolis. It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and,a 
graded  school.     Pop.  600. 

Bell'ingham  Bay,  in  Whatcom  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Ilosario  Strait,  is  14  miles  long,  3  miles  wide, 
and  with  from  3  to  20  fathoms  of  water.  Good  lignite  is 
mined  at  Whatcom  and  Sehome,  on  this  bay. 

Bellingshausen  (bSriings-hdw'z^n)  Island,  one  of 
the  Society  Islands,  is  in  lat.  15°  48'  S.,  Ion.  154°  30'  W. 

Bellinzona,  bfiriin-zo'ni  (Ger.  ^eWenz, bSl'lfints ;  anc. 
Bilitio),  a  town,  one  of  the  capitals  of  the  Swiss  canton  of 
Ticino,  on  the  Ticino,  and  on  a  railway,  16  miles  N.  of 
Lugano.     Pop.  2361. 

Bell'mont,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co..  111.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
if  Mount  Carmel.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Bellmore,  0.    See  Belmore. 

Bell'more,  a  post- village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  about  7  miles  from  Rockville,  and  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  Ac. 

Bellmore,  or  New  Bridge,  a  village  of  Queens  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Hempstead  township,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of 
Long  Island,  and  on  South  Oyster  Bay,  26  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, shoes,  &c. 

Bel'lo,  a  station  in  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  California 
Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Calistoga. 

Bello'na,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Benton 
township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Canandaigua,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Bellona,  a  decayed  hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Ya.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  had  formerly  a  United  States 
arsenal  and  cannon-foundry. 

Bellota,  bel-lo'ta,  a  post-office  of  San  Joaquin  co., 
Cal.,  5  miles  from  Peters  Railroad  Station. 

Bellou-en-Houlme,  bSrioo'-6N»-hoolm,  a  village  of 
Prance,  in  Orne,  13  miles  N.  of  Domfront.     Pop.  2624. 

Bellon-sur-Huisne,  bfilMoo'-silR-ween,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Orne,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  857. 

Bellovacum,  an  ancient  name  of  Bbauvais. 

Bellovar,  or  Belovar,  bSl-lo-vaR',  a  town  of  Austria, 
In  Croatia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Kreutz.     Pop.  2161. 

Bel'lows  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Rockingham  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the 
northwest  terminus  of  the  Pitchburg  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  and 
100  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
scenery.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  board  of  trade,  an  extensive  manufactory  of  dairy 
and  sugar-making  implements,  a  scythe-snath  factory 
(claimed  to  be  the  largest  in  the  world),  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  Ac.  The  river  descends  about  44  feet  here,  fur- 
nishing abundant  water-power,  which  *i8  utilized  in  the 
various  manufacturing  establishments  of  the  place.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2229;  in  1890,  3082. 

Bellowston,  Ontario.    See  Westmeath. 

Bel'IOWSTille,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad, 
about  3  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bellows,  ropes,  and  twine. 

Bell'port,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Long  Island, 
N.Y.,  on  Great  South  Bay,  4  miles  S.  of  Bellport  Station, 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  River- 
head.  It  has  3  churches,  marine  railways,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  450. 

Bell  Road,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
adelphia &  Chester  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Bell  Rock,  or  Inch-Cape,  a  reef  in  the  German 
Ocean,  off  the  B.  coast  of  Scotland,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ar- 
broath. 

Bell  Rock,  a  po«t-village  in  Front^mac  co.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  from  Napanee.     Pop.  200. 


BelPs,  a  station  in  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  on  the  Galena 
A  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Galena. 

Bell's,  a  post-town  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles  b^ 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sherman.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  faigb 
school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bell's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Bells'burg,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Bell's  Corners,  apost- village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario^ 
on  a  railway,  8J  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Bell's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  North  WiLUAMSBrna. 

Bell's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Bell's  Depot,  or  Bell'ville,  a  post-village  of  Crock- 
ett CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  saddles  and  wagons. 
Pop.  about  1500. 

Bell's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C. 

Bell's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  20  miles  from  Pleasanton,  Kansas.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Bell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  25 
miles  from  Oxford,  has  a  church,  and  grist-  and  saw-mills. 

Bell's  Mills,  Blair  co..  Pa.     See  Bellwood. 

Bell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  Ma- 
honing Creek,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  Bell's 
Station  is  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Brookville. 

Bell's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
from  Turtle  Point  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Bell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal. 

Bell's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  22 
miles  W.  of  Camden. 

Bell's  Trace,  a  village  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  at  Willard  Station,  11  miles 

5.  of  Grayson.     It  has  2  churehes. 

Bell's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Staun- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches. 

Bell'ton,  a  post- village  of  Hall  co.,  6a.,  on  the  Atlanta 

6,  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Bellton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Bell  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Sweetwater.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bell  Town,  the  capital  of  a  native  chief  of  Guinea, 
on  the  Cameroons  River,  near  its  estuary.  It  is  large,  and 
regularly  built,  consisting  of  neat  bamboo  houses.  Mer- 
chant-vessels may  lie  in  the  river  quite  close  to  the  town. 

Belluno,  bSl-loo'no,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia, 
enclosed  by  Udine,  Treviso,  Vicenza,  and  the  Tyrol,  with 
the  Carnic  Alps  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  Area,  1263  square 
miles.     Capital,  Belluno.     Pop.  175,282. 

Belluno  (anc.  Bellu'num  or  Behi'num),  a  city  of  North 
Italy,  on  the  Piave,  61  miles  N.  of  Venice.  It  is  enclosed 
by  old  walls,  and  has  a  fine  aqueduct,  a  cathedral  designed 
by  Palladio,  a  rich  hospital,  diocesan  and  high  schools,  a 
public  library,  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics,  leather,  hats, 
and  earthenware.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  15,609. 

Bell'vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory, 
2  grist-mills,  a  chair-factory,  Ac. 

Bellview,  bePvu',  a  coal-mining  hamlet  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  2  miles  below  Eliza- 
beth.    It  has  a  church. 

Bell'ville,  Arkansas  and  Florida.     See  Belleville. 

Bellville,  Richland  co.,  0.    See  Belleville. 

Bellville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Austin  co.,  Tex., 
19  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Brenham.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  807. 

Bell'wood,  or  Bellewood,  bel'wood,  a  hamlet  of 
Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  6  mile.s  S.  of  Hastings.     It  has  a  church. 

Bellwood,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  65  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  413. 

Bellwood,  or  Bell's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Blair 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Altoona,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad. 
It  has  6  churches,  railroad  foundry-  and  machine-shops,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1146. 

Bermar',  a  post-borough  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Asbury  Park.  It  contains  4  churches, 
a  public  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  1000. 

BePmond',  a  post- village  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bel- 
inond  township,  and  on  the  Iowa  River,  about  32  miles  S.W. 
of  Mason  City.     One  newspaper  is  published  here.     1*.  hai 


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4  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
8oap-factory,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  803. 

Belmont,  bfirm6N"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Roanne.  Pop.  3872.  Belmont  is 
the  name  also  of  several  other  villages  of  France. 

JBeI'mont,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  525  square  miles.  It  is  hounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  Captina  and  Indian 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating  j  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  arable  even  on  the  summits  of  the  hills.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  elm,  hickory,  maple, 
white  oak,  and  tulip-tree  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  the 
surface.  Beds  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, which  meets  the  Beliaire,  Zanesville  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsi)urg  Rail- 
road, at  Beliaire.  Capital,  St.  Clairsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
39,714;  in  1880,  49,638;  in  1890,  57,413. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Demopolis.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  school.  Pop. 
about  100. 

Belmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Ark.,  about 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Van  Buren.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
has  several  stores. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad.  Pop.  833. 
There  is  a  Belmont  Station  near  the  township  limits,  on  tl^ 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Watseka. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1145. 
It  contains  Taunton. 

Belmont,  a  hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  8  miles  above  St.  Joseph,  Mo.    Pop.  79. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
from  Humboldt.     Pop.  622. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  Salt 
River,  and  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  spoke- 
factory. 

Belmont,  a  small  village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 

Belmont,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Waldo  co.. 
Me.,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  manufactures  of 
barrels  and  lime-casks.     Pop.  628. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Belmont  township,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school  and  2  churches. 
Belmont  has  a  fertile  soil  and  many  market-gardens,  which 
furnish  early  vegetables  for  Boston.   Pop.  of  township,  2098. 

Belmont,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Everett  and  i  mile 
from  Maiden,  between  which  towns  it  is  situated. 

Belmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Belmont,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  from  Windom.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  288. 

Belmont,  a  post-office  of  Tishemingo  co..  Miss. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  nearly  opposite  Columbus,  Ky.  It  is  the 
southeast  terminus  of  the  Missouri  division  of  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  195  miles  by  rail  and 
220  by  water  below  St.  Louis.  An  indecisive  battle  fought 
here  November  7, 1861,  was  the  first  at  which  General  Grant 
had  the  chief  command. 

Belmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dawes  oo..  Neb.,  about  45 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Alliance. 

Belmont,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada, 
about  85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  12  miles  from  Mount 
Jefferson.  It  is  8400  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  and 
rich  silver-mines.     Pop.  about  600. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  in  Bel- 
mont township,  18  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Concord.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery. 
Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  1228;  in  1890,  1142. 

Belmont,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  366  miles 
W.N.W.  of  New  York,  92  miles  W.  of  Elmira,  and  about 
68  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  6 
churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flouring-mill,  tooth-pick- 
faotory,  sash-  and  blind-factory,  lumber-mill,  an  academy, 
and  a  free  school.  It  was  formerly  called  Phillipsville. 
Pop.  950. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  including 


a  large  tract  in  the  Adirondacks.    It  contains  Popeville,  and 
has  iron-mines  and  several  fine  lakes.     Pop.  2088. 

Belmont,  a  village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  suburb 
of  Fordham.     Pop.  171. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  GosheK 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W. 
of  Beliaire,  and  59  miles  E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  287. 

Belmont,  a  station  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  in  Fair- 
mount  Park,  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Belmont,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  McMinnville  &  Manchester  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.W. 
of  Manchester. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River,  10  miles  from  Luling,  and  about  66  miles 
S.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Belmont,  a  post- village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Calamine,  and  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Madison.  Here  are  several  mounds  about  100  feet  high, 
called  the  Platte  mounds.  The  village  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the 
township,  1271. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  from  London.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  flax-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills. 

Belmonte,  bSl-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean,  province  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Cosenza.    Pop.  3775. 

Belmonte,  b4l-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  S.W, 
of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2601. 

Belmonte,  bfil-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  15  miles  S.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1773. 

Belmonte,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Jeqoitinhonha. 

Belmonte,  bfil-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Bel-' 
monte  River,  with  a  port  on  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  600. 

Belmonte  Mezzagno,b51-mon'tim5t-san'yo,  a  town 
of  Sicily,  5  miles  S.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3886. 

Bel'mont  Junc'tion,  in  Babylon,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  la 
on  the  Central  &  Southern  Railroads  of  Long  Island,  1  mile 
W.  of  Babylon  Village. 

Belmore.    See  Bellmore. 

Bel'more,  or  Bell'more,  a  post-village  of  Putnam 
CO.,  0.,  in  Van  Buren  township,  on  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan 
Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  261. 

Bel'more,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
from  Wroxeter.     Pop.  200. 

Belmul'let,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Mayo,  on  Blaok- 
sod  Bay,  32  miles  W.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  849. 

Belceil,  bfirul',  a  town  of  Belgium,  6  miles  S.  of  Ath. 
Here  is  the  famous  cha.teau  of  the  Princes  of  Ligne. 

Beloeil  (bfirul')  Mountain,  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec, 
Canada,  21  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  is  about  1500  feet  high. 

Belceil  Station,  a  post-village  in  VerchSres  co.,  Que- 
bec, 21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Montreal.  Pop.  50.  Belceii. 
Village,  Quebec,  is  on  the  Richelieu  River,  li  miles  from 
Belceil  Station.     Pop.  300. 

Be^oit',  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  opposite  Canton,  S.D.,  and  about  65  miles  N. 
of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  <ko. 

Beloit,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Solomon  River,  and  in  Beloit  township,  about  80 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  8  churches,  3 
banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.  The  river  affords  extensive  water-power  at 
Beloit.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  white  magnesian  lime- 
stone, a  good  material  for  building.     Pop.  in  1890,  2455. 

Beloit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  k  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Alli- 
ance.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Beloit,  a  city  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  Creek,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
southern  boundary  of  Wisconsin.  It  is  90  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Chicago,  12  miles  S.  of  Janes ville,  and  48  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Madison.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad 
extends  from  Beloit  to  Racine  on  one  hand,  and  to  Free- 
port,  111.,  on  the  other.  Beloit  is  built  on  high  ground, 
with  wide  and  straight  streets,  which  are  bordered  with 
numerous  shade-trees.  It  contains  12  churches,  some  of 
which  are  handsome  edifices,  a  high  school,  2  national 
banks,  several  paper-mills,  2  manufactories  of  reaping-  and 
mowing-machines,  and  machine-shops.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Beloit  College,  which  was  founded  in  1847  and  which  has 
about  350  students  and  a  library  of  17,000  volumes.  The 
students  edit  a  periodical  entitled  the  "  College  Monthly." 
Two  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
prosperity  of  Beloit  is  mainly  derived  from  its  various 


BEL 


623 


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manufactures,  which  consist  of  paper  of  many  varieties, 
windmills,  water-wheels,  ploughs,  wagons,  scales,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1880,  4790;  in  1890,  6315. 

Beloochistan,  Belouchistan,  Balouchistan, 
Baluchistan,  or  Belutcliistan,  bel-oo'chis-tin'  (anc. 
Oedro'sia),  a  country  of  Asia,  between  lat.  24°  50'  and  30° 
20'  N.  and  Ion.  61°  10'  and  68°  38'  E.,  having  on  the  E. 
Sinde,  N.  Afghanistan,  N.W.  and  W.  Persia,  and  S.  the 
Arabian  Sea.     Area,  121,600  square  miles.     It  contains  the 

Srovinces  of  Kelat,  Sarawan,  Kohistan,  Cutch-Gundava, 
halawan,  Loos,  and  Mekran.  Nearly  the  whole  country  is 
mountainous,  except  in  the  N.W.  and  on  the  coast,  its  gen- 
eral characteristics  being  a  rugged  and  elevated  surface, 
barrenness,  and  deficiency  of  water.  Its  mountains  in  the 
E.  are  connected  with  those  of  South  Afghanistan,  and  rise 
to  considerable  elevation.  The  rivers  are  very  insignificant, 
except  after  heavy  rains ;  the  largest,  the  Doostee,  though 
supposed  to  have  a  course  of  1000  miles,  has  been  found  at 
its  mouth  only  20  inches  deep  and  20  yards  in  width.  The 
climate  is  exceedingly  varied.  In  the  low  plains  of  Cutch- 
Gundava  and  Loos,  rice  and  sugar-cane,  with  cotton,  indigo, 
and  tobacco,  are  raised ;  in  other  parts,  wheat,  barley,  mad- 
der, pulse,  apples,  melons,  pomegranates,  and  assafoetida  are 
the  principal  products ;  on  some  of  the  mountain-sides  the 
tamarisk  and  babool  attain  the  size  of  large  trees.  In  the 
wide  desert  of  Mekran,  where  the  army  of  Alexander  the 
Great  suffered  severe  hardships,  the  date  is  the  only  valuable 
product.  Pastures  are  generally  poor,  but  many  sheep  and 
goats  are  kept,  the  pursuits  of  the  people  being  mostly  pas- 
toral. The  two-humped  camel  and  the  dromedary  are  used 
as  beasts  of  burden;  in  the  N.W.  good  horses  are  bred. 
Mineral  products  comprise  copper,  lead,  antimony,  iron, 
sulphur,  alum,  and  sal-ammoniac;  but  these  are  turned  to 
little  account.  Prepared  skins,  woollen  felt  and  cloths,  car- 
pets and  tent-covers  of  goats'  or  camels'  hair,  and  rude  fire- 
arms, are  all  the  manufactured  products.  Sonmeanee  is  the 
only  seaport.  Principal  exports,  butter  or  ghee,  hides,  wool, 
a  few  drugs,  dried  fruits,  fish,  a  little  corn,  and  vegetable 
oil;  imports,  British  and  Indian  manufactures,  rice,  spices, 
dye-stuffs,  and  slaves  for  Muscat. 

The  inhabitants  are  divided  into  two  great  branches, 
called  Beloochees  and  Brahooees,  differing  in  their  lan- 
guage, figure,  and  manners,  and  each  subdivided  into  a 
number  of  minor  tribes.  The  Beloochees  are  tall  and  well 
formed,  and  have  small  bones,  long  faces,  with  prominent 
features,  a  dark  complexion,  and  black  hair.  They  are  in- 
dolent and  dissolute,  avaricious,  vindictive,  and  cruel.  The 
Brahooees,  so  called  from  the  words  bah-roh-i  (on  the  waste), 
are  much  shorter  and  broader  than  the  Beloochees,  and 
have  large  bones,  round  faces,  and  fiat  features.  They  are 
most  numerous  in  the  province  of  Jhalawan,  and  in  the  N. 
and  W.  parts,  but  are  found  everywhere.  They  have  greater 
physical  strength  and  are  less  addicted  to  rapine  and  pred- 
atory violence  than  the  Beloochees.  Both  races  are  hos- 
pitable, brave,  and  capable  of  enduring  much  fatigue. 
Both  Beloochees  and  Brahooees  are  of  the  Soonnite  sect  of 
Mohammedans,  and  opposed  to  the  Sheeites  (Shiites). 
Neither  race  possesses  a  written  language,  and  their  early 
histories  have  not  been  preserved.  The  Bdoocheo  lan- 
guage resembles  the  modern  Persian,  the  Brahooee  the 
Hindoo.  All  the  Beloochees  are  excellent  marksmen  and 
attached  to  field-sports.  They  keep  as  many  slaves  as  they 
can  maintain,  and  polygamy  is  very  general. 

By  the  treaty  of  Khelat  in  1876,  Beloochistan  came  under 
British  protection.  The  Khun  now  receives  British  assist- 
ance in  case  of  disorder  as  well  as  an  annuity.  England 
has  the  right  to  establish  military  stations  and  to  take  care 
for  a  free  passage  through  the  Bolan  Pass.  Since  1877  an 
agent  of  the  British  governor-general  resides  in  Khelat  as 
supreme  British  officer,  and  to  him  the  Khan  is  amenable. 
The  limits  between  Sinde  and  Beloochistan  are  definitely 

settled  since  1888.    Pop.  estimated  at  450,000. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Beloo'chee,  or  Bbloo'che. 

Beloor-Tagh,or  Belour-Tagh.    See  Bolor-Tagh. 

Belorado,  bi-lo-ri'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  E.  of 
Burgos,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tiron.     Pop.  2380. 

Belostok,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Bialystok. 

Belovar,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Bellovar. 

Belp,  bSlp,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Bern.  On  its  S.  side  is  the  Belpberg,  a  mountain 
2940  feet  high,  containing  many  petrifactions.     Pop.  2045. 

Belpasso,  bfil-pis'so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7i  miles  N.W. 
of  Catania.     Pop.  7620. 

Belpech,  berpSsh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aude,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Castelnaudary.     Pop.  2343. 
.    Bel'per,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Derby.     It  has  a  mechanics'  institution, 


a  library,  and  a  stone  bridge  across  the  Derwent.  Belpei 
owes  its  prosperity  to  its  cotton  and  silk  and  cotton  hosiery 
manufactures,  which  are  very  extensive.  Nails  and  earth- 
enware are  also  manufactured  here.     Pop.  8527. 

BePpre',  a  po»t-viIlage  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kinsley. 

Belpre,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Bel- 
pre  township,  and  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Parkersburg, 
W.  Va.,  and  12  miles  below  Marietta.  It  is  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad,  204  miles  E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. A  noble  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  Ohio  River  at 
Belpre.  Large  stock-yards  are  located  here.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  an  extensive  fruit- cannery,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  flour,  wool,  and  stoneware.  Pop. 
in  1891,  1007;  of  the  township,  2678. 

Bel'sand  KaMan',  a  village  of  India,  Mozufferpoor 
district,  Bengal,  27  miles  N.  of  MozufTerpoor.     Pop.  2971. 

Belsano,  bgl-sa'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  oo..  Pa., 
9  miles  W.  of  Ebensburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belsia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Beauce. 

Belton,  a  village  of  Georgia.     See  Bellton. 

Bel'ton,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  27  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  pub- 
lic school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  988. 

Belton,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
Anderson  Branch  of  that  road,  117  miles  W.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  25  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Greenville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  hotels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  1364. 

Belton,  a  city,  capital  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  on  Leon  River, 
34  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  9  churches,  3 
banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  academies,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton-seed  oil,  ice,  brick,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  Baylor 
Female  College.     Pop.  in  1880, 1797 ;  in  1890,  3000. 

Beltrami,  bel-tram'e,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Minnesota,  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red  Lake,  and 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  C^ss  Lake.  It 
contains  several  other  lakes.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
partly  covered  with  forests.  Pop.  in  1870,  80 ;  in  1880, 
10;  in  1890,312. 

Belts,  Great  and  Little.  The  Great  Belt  is  a  strait 
forming  the  central  communication  between  the  Baltic  and 
the  Cattegat,  and  separating  the  island  of  Funen  from  See- 
land.  Its  length  is  37  miles,  its  medium  breadth  18  miles. 
The  depth  of  its  channel  ranges  between  6  and  26  fathoms. 
It  has  many  shoals,  and  navigation  is  difficult.  In  autumn 
and  winter  it  is  often  encumbered  with  drift  ice.  The 
Little  Belt  is  a  strait  forming  the  western  communication 
between  the  Baltic  and  the  Cattegat,  and  separating  the 
island  of  Funen  from  Jutland.  Its  length  is  30  miles;  its 
breadth,  from  1000  yards  to  12  miles ;  its  depth,  between 
5  and  30  fathoms.  The  same  inconveniences  and  dangers 
beset  this  passage  as  the  forn>er.  It  is  annually  frozen  up 
from  December  to  April.  The  two  Belts,  with  the  Sound, 
form  the  only  communication  between  the  Baltic  and  the 
Cattegat. 

Belts'viile,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  Iron 
ore  is  mined  here. 

BelHur'bet,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8i  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cavan,  on  the  Earn.     Pop.  1759. 

Belur-Tagh,  mountains  of  Asia.    See  Bolor-Taoh. 

Belvedere,  bfil-vi-di'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Med- 
iterranean, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  4858. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  15  milei 
W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  2396. 

Belvedere,  b51-vi-di'ri,  a  hamlet  of  Saxe-Weimar, 
near  AVeimar,  with  a  summer  palace  of  the  grand  dukes. 

Belvedere,  a  lake  of  Ireland.    See  Ennbl. 

Belves,  bdlv,  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  a  rail- 
way, 13  miles  S.W.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  2517. 

Belvidere,  bSlV^-deer',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Boon« 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Kishwsiukee  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Line),  78  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  43  miles  E.  of  Freeport.  Belvidere  has 
graded  schools,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  11  churches, 
2  flouring-mills,  a  plough-factory,  and  manufactories  of 
cheese,  pickles,  reapers,  sewing-machines  (said  to  be  the 
largest  concern  of  the  kind  in  the  West),  bed-springs,  and 
boots  and  shoes.  Three  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  5730. 

Belvidere,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Englewood  Brnnoh  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6 
Railroivd,  and  15. miles  S.E.  of  Greensburg. 

Belvidere,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  123. 


BEL 


624 


BEN 


Uelvidere;  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb.,  in  the 
Talley  of  the  Little  Sandy  Creek,  on  2  railroads,  76  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Grand  Island.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  359. 
Belvidere,  the  capital  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the 
Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Pequest  Creek,  10  miles 
below  the  Water  Oap,  and  on  the  Belvidere  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Easton.  It  con- 
tains 5  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  flouring-mills,  a  cotton- 
mill,  2  carriage-factories,  i  hotels,  and  a  seminary  for  girls. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  Pequest 
Creek  affords  abundant  water-power.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
Delaware  at  Belvidere.  Iron  ore,  slate,  limestone,  and 
magnesia  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1880,  1773; 
in  1890,  1768. 

BelviderC)  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Amity  township,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Belmont,  and  90  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Dunkirk.     It  has  saw-mills,  a  church,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Belvidere^  a  post- village  and  township  of  Perquimans 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Perquimans  River,  40  miles  S.  of  SuflFolk,  Va. 
The  township  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  2403, 

Belvidere^  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Belvidere^  a  mountainous  post-township  of  Lamoille 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  37  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  369. 

Belvidere,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  637. 

Belvidere  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co., 
Vt.,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Belvidere  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minfi., 
8  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing. 

Bel'vin,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2151. 

Belvoir,  bee'v^r,  a  district  of  England,  cos.  of  Leices- 
ter and  Lincoln,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Melton-Mowbray. 
Area,  170  acres.  Pop.  180,  chiefly  dependants  of  the  Duke 
of  Rutland,  whose  noble  seat,  Belvoir  Castle,  stands  here. 

BeI'voir\  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  13  milep 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Belvoir,  a  village  of  Missouri.    See  Schell  Citt. 

Belvne,  belVu',  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Topeka.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Bel'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wellington  co.,  Ont.,  9 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Elora.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grain  ele- 
vator, grist-,  saw-,  and  planing-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Belz,  bSlts,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  40  miles  N.  of 
Lemberg.     Pop.  2670. 

Belz,  bilz,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Morbi- 
han,  19  miles  W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2103. 

Belzig,  bfilt'sio,  a  town  of  Prussia,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Brandenburg.     Pop.  2475. 

Bern,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  about  75  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bern,  a  post-office  of  Green  co..  Wis. 

Be'man,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
from  Council  Grove. 

Bembatoo'ka,  called  also  Bem^batook'  and 
Bom^betok',  a  bay  and  town  on  the  N.W,  coast  of 
Madagascar.     Lat.  16°  S. ;  Ion.  46°  B. 

Bem'bridge,  a  village  and  watering-place  of  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  at  its  E.  extremity,  on  Brading  harbor,  consists 
mostly  of  elegant  residences,  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery. 

Be^ment',  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  in  Bement 
township,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  from  De- 
catur, and  166  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  flour 
mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1471 ;  of  the  village,  about  1000. 

Bem'erton,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  cele- 
brated as  the  home  of  George  Herbert. 

Bemfica,  bfim-fee'ki,  a  town  of  Portugal,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3571. 

Bernini  (bi.-mee'ne)  or  Bimini  Islands,  a  small 
group  of  the  Bahamas.  Lat.  25°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  10'  W. 
Pop.  210. 

Be'mis,  a  station  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  in  the  White  Mountains,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Crawford's.     Here  is  Mount  Crawford  Post-Office. 

Bemis  Station,  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the 
Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
of  Boston. 

Be'mus  Heights,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Stillwater  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
24  miles  N.  of  Albany.  Here  occurred  an  engagement  be- 
tween Generals  Gates  and  Burgoyne  in  September,  1777. 

Bemu?  Point,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Chau- 


tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Chautauqua  Lake,  10  milet  M'.N.W. 
of  Jamestown.     Here  is  a  church. 

Ben,  Bein,  or  Bhein,  a  Gaelic  word,  signify  ng  "at 
elevated  summit,"  and  applied,  with  various  distinguishing 
affixes,  to  a  number  of  the  highest  Scottish  mountains, 

Benabarre,  bi-ni-baR'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  44  miles 
E.  of  Huesca.     Pop.  2090. 

Benacus  Lacus.    See  Lago  di  Garda. 

Bena'da,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex. 

Benaguacil,  bi-ni-gwi-theel',  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linens.     Pop.  4240. 

Ben-Ahin,  b^n^-i^iN"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Liege,  2  miles  W.  of  Huy.     Pop.  1850. 

Bena'ja,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Greensborough.  Elevation  above  sea- 
level,  678  feet. 

Benamargosa,  bi-ni-maR-go'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  3813. 

Benameji,  b4-ni-mi-nee',  a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Genii.     Pop.  4525. 

Benamocarra,  bd,-n&-mo-kaR'Ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  4953. 

Benanoir',  one  of  the  peaks  or  "paps"  of  the  island 
of  Jura,  in  Scotland.     Elevation,  2420  feet. 

Benaocaz,  bi-nlL-o-k&th',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 60  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  1960. 

Benaojan,  bi,-n&-o-Hin',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  AndalQ« 
sia,  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2310. 

Benares,  ben-4'r5z  (anc.  Va;a«a«/tj,  or  ^a«t,  i.e.,  " the 
splendid"),  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  district  and  di- 
vision, one  of  the  most  ancient  and  renowned  cities  in  the 
world,  is  on  the  Ganges,  390  miles  N.W.  of  Calcutta.  Lat. 
25°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  4'  E.  It  is  the  religious  capital  of  the 
Hindoos,  the  chief  centre  of  Brahmanical  learning,  and  is 
a  holy  place  in  the  opinion  of  Hindoos  and  Booddhists  alike. 
It  is  therefore  a  great  place  for  pilgrimages,  and  has  many 
beautiful  temples.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  gold  filigree-work, 
its  gold-embroidered  stuffs,  its  silks,  gems,  and  shawls,  and 
has  a  large  trade  in  saltpetre,  indigo,  sugar,  and  English 
goods.  The  city  is  an  important  railway  centre,  and  is  the 
seat  of  Queen's  College,  a  government  school,  also  of  a  mis- 
sion college,  normal  schools,  orphanages,  hospitals,  and  asy- 
lums for  the  insane,  for  lepers,  and  for  the  blind.  Here 
are  fine  government  buildings,  and  the  public  gardens  are 
famous.  Many  Europeans  reside  here,  chiefly  in  the  N.W. 
suburb  of  Sekrole  or  Sikrol.     Pop.  in  1891,  222,520. 

Benares,  a  division  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
British  India,  comprises  the  districts  of  Benares,  Mirza- 
poor,  Ghazeepoor,  Azimghur,  Bustee,  and  Goruckpoor.  Cap- 
ital, Benares.     Area,  18,314  square  miles.     Pop.  8,178,147. 

Benares,  a  district  of  the  above  division,  lat.  25°  7'- 
25°  32'  N.,  Ion.  82°  45'-83°  38'  E.  It  is  level,  calcareous, 
and  mostly  of  great  fertility,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Ganges. 
Capital,  Benares.     Area,  996  square  miles.     Pop.  793,699. 

Benasal,  bi-n&-s&l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  30 
miles  N.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1820. 

Benasque,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Venasqtje. 

Benatek,  b^-n&'tik,  or  Benatky,  bdn-d,t'kee,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  1568.  Bena- 
tek is  also  the  name  of  several  villages  in  Bohemia. 

Ben-Aven,  bdn-4'v§n,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  one  of 
the  Grampians,  between  the  cos.  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff. 

Bcnavente,  b4-n&-vdn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles 
N.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  4536.     It  has  Roman  remains. 

Benavente,  b4-ni-vfin'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2520. 

Benbaun,  bdn^bawn',  a  mountain  of  the  Binabola  group, 
Ireland,  co.  of  Galway.     Elevation,  2395  feet. 

Benbecnla,  b5n-b^-koo'li,  one  of  the  Hebrides  Islands, 

between  North  and  South  Uist,  about  8  miles  in  length  and 

in  breadth.  It  is  low,  flat,  and  little  productive.    Pop.  1563. 

Ben'bow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 

from  Durham  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ben^burb',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  on  the 
Blackwater,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Armagh.     Pop.  340. 
Bencarnnm,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lescar. 
Bench'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  line  of  Brazos  co.,  on  the  Houston  <fe  Texas  Central 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bencoolen,  or  Benkoelen,  bdn-koo'l^n  (native, 
Banykaooloo,  b4ng-k4-oo'loo),  a  residency  and  seaport 
town  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  3°  47'  6"  S.;  Ion.  102°  19'  E. 
The  residency  comprises  9690  square  miles.  Pop.  140,126. 
Pop.  of  town,  6000. 
Bencruachan,  b$n-kroo'K§.n,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 


BEN 


625 


BEN 


^•90.  of  Argyle,  between  Lochs  Etire  and  Awe.     Its  height  is 
i.efitiinated  at  3670  feet. 

Ben  Da'viS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bendemeer,  or  Bendcniir.    See  Bundemeer. 

Beu'der^  or  Bendery^  ben'd^r-e,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the  Dniester,  48  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  58  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Odessa.  It  has  varied 
manufactures,  and  a  large  trade  by  the  river.  In  its  en- 
virons is  Varnitza,  where  Charles  XII.  took  refuge  after  the 
battle  of  Poltava.  Bender  was  taken  by  the  Russians  in 
1770,  in  1789,  and  in  1809.     Pop.  32,535. 

Ben'der^  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  III.,  on  the  Cairo  k 
Vincennes  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Cxlro. 

Bender  Abbas,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gombroon. 

Bender-Bushir,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Bushire. 

Ben'dersville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  coach- 
factorj',  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bendorf,  b4n'doRf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  on  a  railway,  4^  miles  N.  of 
Coblentz.  It  is  in  a  mining  district,  and  has  iron-forges 
and  manufactures  of  woollen.     Pop.  3045. 

Bendramo,  bin-dri'mo,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Sea  of  Marmora,  S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Cyzicus. 

Bendzin,  b6nd'zeen\  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment and  100  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Petrikau.     Pop.  6231. 

Bene,  bi'ni  (anc.  Atujua'ta  Bagienno'riimt),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Coni.  It 
has  a  college,  a  hospital,  and  a  castle.    Pop.  6131. 

Benebola,  a  mountain  of  Ireland.     See  Binabola. 

Ben'edict,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  19 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Yates  Centre.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Benedict,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  York.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  300. 

Ben^edic'ta,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me., 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  413. 

Bene'Ia,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Yalabusha  River,  35  miles  E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  a  church. 

Beneschau,  bi'neh-show\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  2074.  Several  villages  in 
Bohemia  and  in  Prussian  Silesia  have  this  name. 

Benest,  bi^nfist',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  10  miles  W.  of  Confolens.     Pop.  1443. 

Benestare,  b4-n5s-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria, 
.near  Gerace.     Pop.  3173. 

Benet,  bi^ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ven- 
ice, on  a  railway,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fontenay.     Pop.  2635. 

Benevente,  bi-nd-vfin'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
i>f  Espirito  Santo,  47  miles  S.  of  Victoria,  on  the  Atlantic, 
'  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Benevente.     The  harbor  is  much 
frequented,  and  ship-building  is  carried  on.     Pop.  3000. 

Benevento,  ben-i-v5n'to  (anc.  Beneven'tum),  a  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  a  province,  is  situated  near  the  confluence 
of  the  Galore  and  Sabato,  about  45  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Naples.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  town,  and,  except 
Rome,  perhaps  no  other  Italian  city  can  boast  of  so  many 
remains  of  antiquity.  The  Arch  of  Trajan,  now  the  Porta 
Aurea,  is  still  nearly  perfect.  The  chief  modem  buildings 
are  a  cathedral,  town  hall,  diocesan  school  and  library,  hos- 

Eitals,  and  several  palaces.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and 
as  manufactures  of  leather,  parchment,  and  metallic  goods. 
Under  the  Lombards,  Benevento  was  the  capital  of  a  power- 
ful duchy.     Pop.  20,133, 

Benevento,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  Campania, 
enclosed  by  Campobasso,  Foggia,  Avellino,  and  Caserta. 
Capital,  Benevento.     Area,  676  square  miles.     Pop.  232,008. 

Ben^evo'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Ilagerstown. 

Ben^ezet',  or  Ben^ezette',  a  post-office  and  station 
of  Elk  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Benezette  township,  on  the  Low  Grade 
division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of 
Driftwood.     Pop.  of  township,  902. 

Benezet,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Yardleyville  Branch  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(Bound  Brook  Route),  10  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Benfeld,  bSn'fSir  (Fr.  pron.  b6N»'ffild'),  a  town  of 
Lower  Alsace,  lOJ  miles  N.N.W.  of  Schlettstadt.   Pop.  2603. 

Benfer,  Pa.     See  Paxtonville. 

Beu'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Waterbury. 

Ben'fieldside,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of  Dur- 
ham CO.,  England,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Durham.  It  has 
paper-mills  and  iron- works.     Pop.  5700 


Ben  Frank'Iin,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 
Ben  Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Tex.,  oa 
the  North  Fork  of  Sulphur  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Paris.     It  has  5  churches. 

Bengal,  ben-gawl'  (anc.  Bengala,  bdn-g&'l&),  called 
also  Lower  Bengal,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  former 
presidency  of  the  same  name,  a  lieutenant-governorship, 
the  largest  and  most  populous  of  the  twelve  main  divisions 
of  British  India,  consisting  of  the  provinces  of  Bengal, 
Bahar,  Orissa,  and  Chuta-Nagpoor.  The  term  "  presidency 
of  Bengal,"  still  in  popular  use,  includes  also  the  North- 
western Provinces,  Oude,  the  Punjab,  and  Assam,  and  is 
sometimes  made  to  cover  British  Burmah.  Area  of  Lower 
Bengal,  194,417  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Assam, 
Bootan,  and  Nepaul,  E.  by  Burmah,  S.  by  Burmah,  Madras, 
and  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  W.  by  the  North-Western  and 
Central  Provinces ,-  and  thus  extends  from  the  Himalayas 
to  the  sea.  It  is  traversed  by  the  great  rivers  Ganges, 
Brahmapootra,  and  Mahanuddy,  with  their  many  tribu- 
taries and  offshoots;  and  numerous  canals  and  railways 
facilitate  internal  communication.  There  is  every  variety 
of  soil ;  but  the  inarable  mountains  of  the  frontiers,  and  the 
occasional  sand-wastes,  cover  but  a  relatively  small  area, 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  land  is  an  alluvial  plain  of  the 
richest  description ;  although  portions  of  the  Ganges  delta 
are  but  densely- wooded  swampy  jungles.  The  leading  in- 
dustries are  agricultural.  Rice,  wheat,  opium,  indigo,  lac, 
betel,  silk,  jute,  sugar,  cotton,  flax,  oil-seeds,  ginger,  pepper, 
and  turmeric  are  extensively  produced.  Tea  and  Peruvian 
bark  are  latterly  grown  to  some  extent.  The  elephant, 
tiger,  panther,  antelope,  and  some  remarkable  species  of  the 
ox  or  bufifalo  tribe  are  found  in  this  country ;  and  there  are 
many  kinds  of  deadly  serpents.  The  river-fisheries  are  ex- 
tensive. Coal  is  quite  largely  wrought,  and  there  are  mines 
of  iron  and  copper. 

The  people  of  Bengal  are  of  many  races  and  tribes,  bat 
the  prominent  peoples  are  of  more  or  less  pure  Aryan  descent, 
and  the  principal  spoken  languages  (Bengalee,  Hindostanee, 
Uriya,  and  Assamese)  are  classed  as  Indo-European ;  but 
along  the  eastern  and  northern  frontiers  are  hill-tribes  allied 
in  language  to  the  people  of  Indo-China  and  of  Thibet; 
and  in  the  W.  and  S.W.  are  many  aboriginal  and  little-civ- 
ilized peoples  of  Kolarian  and  Dravidian  stock.  Two-thirds 
of  the  people  are  of  the  Hindoo  faith ;  and  of  the  remainder 
the  large  majority  are  Soonnite  Mohammedans.  Christianity 
has  made  more  progress  in  the  wild  aboriginal  tribes  than 
among  the  more  civilized  peoples.  The  local  government  is 
subject  to  the  supervision  of  the  general  government  of  India. 
The  legislative  council  consists  partly  of  natives ;  but  the 
civil  service  is  largely  in  the  hands  of  Englishmen,  who 
give  heavy  bonds  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  their  duties. 
The  people  generally  are  very  poor  j  but  the  country,  with 
an  apparently  light  rate  of  taxation,  affords  a  large  revenue. 
The  army  is  small,  and  consists  of  about  3000  white  and 
9000  native  troops.  Bengal  is  exceedingly  populous ;  and 
some  of  the  worst  famines  and  pestilences  ever  known  have 
had  their  seat  in  these  regions.  The  chief  manufactures, 
until  recently,  have  been  of  domestic  character ;  but  mats, 
rope,  gunnybags,  oil,  &c.,  have  been  long  produced  in  large 
amounts,  and,  with  hides,  saltpetre,  rice,  opium,  jute,  lin- 
seed, lac,  and  indigo,  are  leading  articles  of  export.  There 
are  many  populous  towns,  of  which  Calcutta  and  Patna  are 
the  chief.     Total  pop.  in  1891,  70,909,260. 

The  capital,  largest  city^  and  great  commercial  centre  is 
Calcutta,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  empire  of  India. 

Bengal  proper,  or  the  province  of  Bengal,  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  above  country,  has  more  than  one-half  of 
the  above  population,  and  more  than  one-third  of  the  whole 
area.  It  is  divided  into  28  administrative  districts.  Ac- 
cording to  the  original  usage,  only  the  country  between 
Boglipoor  and  the  sea  was  called  Bengal.  Area  of  the 
province,  84,198  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  38,114,280. 

Ben'gal,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind. 

Bengal,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, 60  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  baa 
several  stores,  <fcc. 

Bengawan,  a  river  of  Java.    See  Solo. 

Bengazi,  or  Benghasy,b5n-gi'zee(anc.  Bereni'ee), 
a  town  of  Africa,  Barca,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  (anc.  Si/r'tit 
Ma'jor),  420  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tripoli.  Lat.  32°  6'  8"  N.; 
Ion.  20°  2'  7"  E.  Pop.  about  6000.  It  is  situated  in  a  fer- 
tile plain,  but  is  miserably  built  and  filthy,  and  its  port  is 
shallow.  It  has  a  castle,  and  a  trade  with  Barbary,  Egypt, 
and  Malta  in  wool,  oxen,  ostrich-feathers,  sponges,  sheep, 
butter,  and  corn.  Near  this  city  traces  of  ancient  buildingj 
are  met  with  buried  in  the  sand. 

Bengermow,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bangbrmow. 


BEN 


626 


BEN 


Ben'gore  Head,  a  promontory  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  E.  of  the  Giant's  Causeway.  Lat. 
bb°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  30'  W. 

Ben'gower,  a  mountain  of  the  Binabola  group,  co.  of 
Galway,  Ireland.     Elevation,  2336  feet. 

Bengnela,  bSn-gi'l&,  a  district  of  the  Portuguese  co- 
lonial possession  of  Angola,  in  West  Africa,  between  lat. 
9°  and  16°  S.,  and  baring  N.  the  district  of  Ambriz,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  Coanza,  S.  the  district 
of  Mossamedes,  and  W.  the  Atlantic.  Surface  mountainous, 
rising  progressively  inland  by  a  series  of  terraces.  The 
principal  rivers  have  all  a  W.  course.  The  climate  is  very 
unhealthy.  The  thermometer  varies  from  94°  to  105°  Fahr. 
in  the  shade  at  noon.  The  soil  is  well  watered  and  very 
productive ;  tropical  fruits,  vegetables,  and  cattle  are  abun- 
dant, and  fine  turtles  are  obtained  on  the  sea-coast.  Min- 
eral products  comprise  copper,  silver,  iron,  and  gold.  Fet- 
ishism is  the  prevailing  superstition.  Beasts  of  prey, 
including  the  lion  and  hyena,  are  numerous.  Benguela, 
Novo  Redondo,  &o.,  on  the  coast,  and  a  few  stations  in  the 
interior,  are  occupied  by  the  Portuguese,  whose  actual  rule 
extends  little  beyond  those  settlements.  The  country  is 
divided  into  two  presidios,  Benguela  and  Caconda. 

Bengaela^  New  Benguela,  or  St.  Philip  de 
Benguela  (Port.  Sao  Felipe  de  Benguela,  sSww  fi-lee'pi 
dk  b5n-gi'l4,  a  seaport  town,  capital  of  the  above,  with  a 
noble  harbor  on  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  12°  33'  9"  S. ;  Ion.  13° 
25'  2"  E.  It  is  situated  in  a  charming  valley.  Pop.  3000, 
viz.,  about  100  Europeans  and  the  rest  negroes  and  mulat- 
toes.  Chief  market  of  slaves  in  earlier  times.  The  build- 
ings are  mostly  of  clay  and  palm  branches,  but  there  are 
some  good  houses.  The  ruins  of  Old  Benguela,  the  original 
capital  of  the  country,  are  situated  on  the  coast,  130  miles 
N.N.E.  of  New  Benguela. 

Ben'ha,  a  town  of  Egypt,  in  the  Galioobyeh  province, 
at  an  important  railway  junction,  29  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 
Pop.  5200. 

Ben'ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
from  Osgood  Station.     It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  Ac. 

Ben  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ga.,  about  5 
miles  from  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon -shop. 

Beni,  hk-nee',  or  Paro,  pi'ro,  a  river  of  South  Amer- 
ica, in  Bolivia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Chuqueapo 
and  Mapiri,  in  lat.  16°  S.  and  Ion.  69°  \V.  It  flows  mostly 
northward,  through  the  department  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Sierra,  and  in  lat.  10°  35'  S.  joins  the  Mamore  to  form  the 
Madeira,  of  which  it  is  the  main  source.  It  is  over  3300 
feet  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  50  feet  in  depth.  The  country 
it  traverses  is  extremely  fertile  and  rich  in  metals.  AflBu- 
ents,  the  Coendo,  La  Paz,  Tuche,  Masisi,  <fcc.  The  towns 
of  San  Miguel,  Mani,  and  Pueblo  de  los  Reyes  are  on  its 
banks,  in  the  upper  half  of  its  course. 

Beni,  or  Veni,  vi-nee',  a  department  of  Bolivia,  de- 
riving its  name  from  the  above  river,  having  S.  the  depart- 
ments of  La  Paz,  Cochabamba,  and  Santa  Cruz,  N.  and  E. 
Brazil,  and  W.  Peru.  Chief  towns,  Trinidad  and  Loreto. 
Area,  295,417  square  miles.     Pop.  153,973. 

Benicarlo,  bi-nA-kaR'lo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
It  is  ill  built  and  mean.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  a  fishing- 
port,  and  a  trade  in  wines,  which  are  exported.     Pop.  7000. 

Benicia,  be-nish'e-a,  a  post-town  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Strait  of  Carquinez,  30  miles  by  rail 
and  28  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  56  miles 
S.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  contains  the  depot  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  also  a  United 
States  arsenal  and  barracks,  3  churches,  a  Protestant  Epis- 
copal institution  called  the  Missionary  College  of  St.  Augus- 
tine, a  young  ladies'  seminary,  a  Dominican  monastery, 
convent,  academy,  several  tanneries,  cement-factory,  pack- 
inghouses, and  2  newspaper  ofiBces.     Pop.  1656. 

Benidorm,  bi-ne-donm',  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Alicante,  near  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  3720. 
Near  the  coast  there  is  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Beniganim,  bi-ne-gi-neem',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  5  miles  S.E.  of  San  Felipe  de  Jativa.    Pop.  3300. 

Beni-Hassan,  bi'nee-hS,s'san,  a  village  of  Egypt,  15 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Minieh,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile.  In 
its  environs  are  numeious  rock-hewn  tombs, 

Beni-Isguen,  bd,'nee-i8'gh§n',  a  town  of  Algeria,  in 
the  Sahara,  on  the  Wady  Mzab.  Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  2° 
E.  It  is  strongly  built,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  rampart. 
Pop.  6600. 

Benin,  ben-een',  a  negro  country  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Upper  Guinea,  on  the  Bight  of  Benin  (Gulf  of  Guinea),  ex- 
tending along  the  coast  on  both  sides  of  the  Benin  River, 
without  definite  limits,  and  without  political  unity.     It  was 


once  a  powerful  state ;  but  at  present  the  King  of  Benin 
rules  only  an  unimportant  district  near  the  town  of  Benin. 
The  coast  is  indented  with  estuaries,  some  of  them  of  con- 
siderable breadth,  and  studded  with  islands.  The  country 
is  flat  for  some  distance  inland,  when  it  begins  gradually  tc 
rise,  till  it  attains  a  height  of  between  2000  and  3000  feet. 
It  is  very  rich  in  vegetable  productions.  Cotton  is  indige- 
nous, and  is  woven  by  the  women.  Human  sacrifices  are 
numerous,  and  cruelty,  in  most  atrocious  forms,  is  charac- 
teristic of  the  people.  An  extensive  traflSc  in  slaves  is  car- 
ried on,  and  there  is  a  trade  in  salt,  palm  oil,  and  blue  coral. 

Benin,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africa,  capital  of  the 
above,  lat.  6°  12'  N.,  Ion.  6°  45'  E.,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  river  of  the  same  name.  The  houses  are  set  down  with- 
out the  slightest  regard  to  order,  and  often  at  wide  distances 
from  one  another.  They  are  built  of  clay,  neatly  thatched 
with  reeds  or  leaves,  and  kept  exceedingly  clean.  Benin 
was  at  one  time  the  great  emporium  of  the  district  for  slaves ; 
but  it  is  now  much  decayed.     Pop.  estimated  at  16,000. 

Benin,  Bight  of.     See  Bight  op  Benin. 

Benin  River  (called  by  the  Portuguese  Rio  For- 
moso,  ree'o  foK-mo'so),  in  Western  Africa,  and  assumed  by 
some  geographers  to  be  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Niger,  falU 
into  the  Gulf  of  Guinea  about  lat.  5°  46'  N.,  Ion.  6°  4'  E. 
It  divides  into  two  branches,  both  of  which  have  been  navi- 
gated by  steamers,  the  one  for  a  distance  of  60  miles,  and 
the  other  for  a  distance  of  70  miles.  The  river  is  2  miles 
wide  at  its  mouth,  across  which  is  a  bar  with  12  feet  of 
water  at  spring  tides. 

Benioleed,  bi'ne-o-leed',  or  Beni-UIid,  bi^ne-oo- 
leed',  a  town  and  valley  of  Africa,  vilayet  and  100  miles 
S.S.E,  of  Tripoli, 

Benisa,  oi-nee'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles  N.E.  of 
Alicante,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4234. 

Benisalem,  bi-ne-si-ldm',  a  Spanish  town,  island  of 
Majorca,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Inca.     Pop.  3125. 

Benisclii,  a  town  of  Silesia.     See  Bennisch. 

Beni-Sooef,  Beni-Souef,  or  Benee-Suweyf, 
b4n*e-sw5r,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile, 
62  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  is  the  entrepSt  for  the 
produce  of  the  rich  valley  of  Fayoom,     Pop,  7000, 

Ben'jamin,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co,,  Mo,,  8  miles  from 
Canton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

Benjamin,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co,.  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Perkasie  Station.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  Ac. 

Benjamin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co.,  Tex., 
about  140  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  4  churches. 

Ben'kelman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dundy  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  41  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Cul- 
bertson.  It  has  4  church  organizations.  2  banks,  a  public 
school,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  357. 

Benkoelen,  East  Indies.    See  Bencoolen. 

Benkovacs,  bSn'koVotch',  or  Benkovatz,  bSn'ko'- 
v5ts',  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Dalmatia,  22  miles 
E.S.E,  of  Zara.     Pop,  of  commune,  11,537. 

Benlawers,  b5n-law'§rz,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  W.  side  of  Loch 
Tay,  3945  feet  in  elevation.     It  commands  a  fine  view. 

Benledi,  bSn-lM'dee,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co,  of 
Perth,  4  miles  W,N.W,  of  Callander,  2863  feet  in  height. 

Ben-Lomond,  bin-Io'm9nd,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Stirling,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Grampian  chain, 
27  miles  W.N.W,  of  Stirling.  Height,  3190  feet.  On  the 
N.  this  mountain  terminates  by  a  precipice  2000  feet  in 
height ;  on  its  W.  side  is  Loch  Lomond. 

Ben-Lo'mond,  a  mountain  of  Tasmania,  25  miles  E. 
of  Launceston.     Elevation,  5000  feet. 

Ben  liO'mond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark., 
about  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Ben-Macdhui,  b£n-mak-doo'e,  or  Ben'Afacdhu, 
bSn-mak-doo',  a  mountain  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  on 
the  border  of  Inverness-shire.     Height,  4305  feet. 

Benmil'ler,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  150. 

Ben-More,  bSn-mor',  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Hebrides,  island  of  Mull,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Torosay. 
Height,  3819  feet. 

Benmore  Head,  Ireland,    See  Fair  Head, 

Bennebeola,  a  mountain  of  Ireland.    See  Binabola. 

Benneckenstein,  bfin-nfik'§n-stine\  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  in  a  detached  territory  in  the  Harz,  Bruns- 
wick, 22  miles  S.W,  of  Halberstadt,     Pop.  3365. 

Ben'net,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arapahoe  co,.  Col.,  30  milei 
by  rail  E.  of  Denver. 

Bennet,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb,,  17  miles 
by  rail  S,E,  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  as 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  474. 


I 


(U^ 


BEN 


627 


.z'^'^' 


BEN 


Bennet  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista 

.y,  Newfoundland.     Pop.  45, 

Ben'nett,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  34  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Bennett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Doniphan. 

Bennett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Cheraw  &  Salisbury  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Wadesborough. 

Bennett,  a  station  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Cape  May  City. 

Bennett,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     See  Millvale. 

Bennett's,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co..  Ark.,  43 
miles  N.W.  of  Batesville,  and  about  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Mountain  Home. 

Bennet's  Branch,  Pennsylvania,  a  creek  which  drains 

Sart  of  Elk  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Sinnemahoning 
;iver  in  Cameron  co. 

Ben'nettsburg,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hector  township,  5  miles  from  Watkins,  and  about  16 
miles  W.  of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Ben'nett's  Cor'ners,  also  called  Pine  Bush,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  and  on 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Oneida,  and  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Bennett's  Corners,  a  post-oflSee  of  Medina  co.,  0. 

Bennett's  Creek,  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  flows  west- 
ward into  the  Monocacy  River. 

Bennett's  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  the 
Chowan  River  from  the  north  at  the  S.  part  of  GJates  co. 

Bennett's  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bath. 

Bennett's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson 
00.,  N.C.,  14  miles  from  Faison's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Ben'nett's  Land'ing,  a  village  of  Tunica  co..  Miss., 
23  miles  from  Hernando.  It  has  a  store,  a  hotel,  and  a 
warehouse.  Nearly  3000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here 
annually. 

Bennett's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Va.,  10  miles  from  Bangs  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Bennett's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J., 
10  miles  S.  of  Freehold.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bennett's  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Kokomo.     It  has  manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 

Ben'nettstown,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Ben'nettsville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Wills  Creek,  5  miles  from  Attalla. 

Bennettsville,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.     See  Savannah. 

Bennettsville,  a  small  post- village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 
Bennettsville  Station  is  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  New  Albany. 

Bennettsville,  a  post- village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Bainbridge,  and  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Bennettsville,  a  thriving  post-town,  the  capital  of 
Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  57 
miles  S.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  5  churches  (3  white  and 
2  colored),  a  bank,  a  cotton-seed  oil-mill,  graded  schools 
for  white  and  colored,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  978. 

Ben-Nevis,  bfin-nev'is,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  and 
the  loftiest  in  Britain,  co.  of  Inverness,  E.  of  Fort  William. 
Lat.  66°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  W.  Elevation,  4368  feet.  On  its 
N.E.  side  it  terminates  by  a  precipice  1500  feet  in  height. 
Extensive  views  are  obtained  from  its  summit. 

Ben-Ne'vis,  a  mountain  of  Tasmania,  about  25  miles 
E.  of  Launoeston.     Height,  3910  feet. 

Ben^nezette',  township,  Butler  oo,,  Iowa,     Pop,  302. 

Ben'nie's  Cor'ners,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co., 
Ontario,  4  miles  from  Almonte.  It  contains  a  woollen-fac- 
tory and  mills.     Pop,  100, 

Ben'ning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co,,  D,C.,  on 
the  Anaoostia  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad 
(Alexandria  Branch)  and  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Wash- 
ington.    It  has  a  race-course. 

Ben'nington,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Vermont,  bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about 
680  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Batten  Kill,  Deer- 
field,  and  Hoosao  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, presents  picturesque  scenery,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple,  beech,  elm,  birch, 
oak,  and  spruce  abound.  The  soil  produces  hay,  oats,  and 
Indian  com.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  marble, 
gneiss,  limestone,  and  ochre.  The  prosperity  of  the  county 
is  chiefly  derived  from  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton 
goods,  hosiery,  paper,  lumber,  &o.    In  the  N.  part  of  this 


county  Equinox  Mountain  rises  to  the  height  of  3872  fee< 
above  the  sea.  Visitors  can  ride  in  a  carriage  to  its  sum- 
mit, where  a  summer-house  has  been  built.  It  is  a  favor- 
ite summer  resort.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Rens- 
selaer A  Saratoga  Railroad  and  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad.  Capitals,  Bennington  and  Manchester.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,325;  in  1880,  21,950;  in  1890,  20,448. 

Bennington,  township,  Marshall  co..  111.     Pop.  1020. 

Bennington,  a  post-village  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
9  miles  N.  of  Vevay.     Pop.  100. 

Bennington,  a  post-office  of  Chootaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Bennington,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  735.     It  contains  Blakeville. 

Bennington,  a  post-town  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Solomon  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Solomon  City.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  bank,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  creamery,  and  a  high  school.  One  news- 
paper is  published  here.     Pop,  390, 

Bennington,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
in  Bennington  township,  and  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A 
Saginaw  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  and  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Owosso.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  2  general  stores. 
Pop.  about  150 ;  of  the  township,  1490. 

Bennington,  township.  Mower  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  433. 

Bennington,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a  church  (German 
Lutheran),  a  bank,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  300. 

Bennington,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  about  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a 
town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  hoes,  paper,  shoes, 
powder,  Ac.     Pop,  401, 

Bennington,  or  Bennington  Centre,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Wyoming  co,,  N,Y,,  in  Bennington  township,  about 
26  miles  E,  by  S,  of  Buffalo,  and  3i  miles  from  Darien 
Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2486. 

Bennington,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  907. 
It  includes  Appleton. 

Bennington,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Morrow 
CO.,  0.,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Ashley  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  899, 

Bennington,  Pa.     See  Bennington  Ftrnace. 

Bennington,  a  post- village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  is  in  Bennington  township,  on  the  Ben- 
nington and  Rutland  Railroad,  55  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rut- 
land, and  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  national  banks,  2  iron-foun- 
dries, 7  knitting-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  pottery,  and 
manufactures  of  cashmere,  machinery,  lumber,  and  chairs. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  A  monument 
1302  feet  high,  commemorating  the  battle  of  Bennington, 
has  been  erected.  Pop.  3971.  Bennington  township  con- 
tains other  villages,  named  North  Bennington  and  Ben- 
nington Centre.     Total  pop.  6391. 

Bennington  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  is  about  27  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  N.Y.,  and  1  mile 
W.  of  the  village  of  Bennington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
seminary. 

Bennington  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Alleghany  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(at  Bennington  Station),  10  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
a  church  and  an  iron-furnace, 

Bennisch,  bSn'nish,  or  Benischi,  bi'nish-e,  a  town 
of  Austrian  Silesia,  13  miles  W,N,W.  of  Troppau.   P.  4256. 

Bennshausen,  bins-h6w'z§n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  1664. 

Bennweier,  benn'i^i-^r  (French,  Bennwihr,  bdnn^- 
veeR'),  a  village  of  Alsaoe,  on  the  Strasburg  A  Basel  Rail- 
way, 3i  miles  S,  of  Colmar.     Pop,  1016. 

Be^noit',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  co,.  Miss,,  15  miles 
by  rail  S,  of  Rosedale,  on  the  Riverside  division  of  the 
Louisville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad, 

Beno'na,  a  post-village  of  Oceana  co,,  Mich.,  in  Be- 
nona  township,  and  on  Lake  Michigan,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Hart,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  300. 

Benoob,  or  Benoub,  bin-oob'  {Om'phit),  a  village 
of  Lower  Egypt,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mansoorah,  on  the  east- 
ern arm  of  the  Nile. 

Benore,  Centre  co..  Pa.    See  Scotia. 

Benowm,  bdn-Swm',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Soodan,  near 
lat.  15°  5'  N.,  Ion.  9°  W. 

Bensa'lem,  a  post-township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  28milet 
from  Cameron  Railroad  Station.    Pop.  of  the  township,  10.^2. 

Bensalem,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  th« 


BEN 


628 


BEN 


Delaware  River,  and  ia  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.  Pop.  2353.  It  contains  villages  named  Anda- 
lusia, Bridgewater,  and  Eddington. 

Bensberg,  bSns'bfiRG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  a 
railway,  9  miles  E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  9308. 

Bensen,  bfin's^n,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of  Bo- 
ftemia,  18  miles  N.N.B.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2250. 

Ben'senville,  a  post-borough  of  Du  Page  co.,  111.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago.  In  the  vicinity  are  4 
churches  and  a  Lutheran  theological  seminary.     Pop.  350. 

Bensheim,  bfins'hime,  an  old  fortified  town  of  Hesse, 
on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  5079. 

Ben'son,  a  post-village  and  railway  junction  of 
Cochise  co.,  Arizona,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Tucson,  and  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Tombstone.     Pop.  about  200. 

Benson^  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Woodford  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Minonk,  and  115  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cigar-factory,  Ac. 

Benson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Frankfort. 

Benson,  a  post-village  in  Benson  township,  capital  of 
Swift  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  134  miles  W.  by  N.  from  St.  Paul, 
and  83  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breckinridge.  It  is  1037  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  manu- 
factures of  bricks,  flour,  and  barrels,  excellent  educational 
facilities,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Here  is  an  immigrant- 
bouse  for  the  use  of  settlers.     Pop.  about  1 200.  . 

Benson,  a  post-township  of  iiamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  is  drained  by  the  Saoondaga 
River.     Pop.  320. 

Benson,  a  post-village  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Smithfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Benson,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rutland,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake 
Champlain.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pic- 
ture-frames, lumber,  <fcc.     Slate  abounds  here.     Pop.  1244. 

Benson  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y. 

Benson  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
on  Lake  Champlain,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rutland. 

Ben's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Bent,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Colorado,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Arkansas  River,  which,  flowing  from  W.  to 
E.,  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  sections.  It  is  also 
drained  by  numerous  affluents  of  that  stream,  among  which 
are  Apishapa  River,  Timpas  Creek,  and  Purgatory  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is 
adapted  to  pasturage.  The  climate  is  dry  and  genial. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wool  are  produced  here.  Capital, 
Las  Animas.  The  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad 
follows  the  course  of  the  Arkansas  River  through  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  592;  in  1880,  1654;  in  1890,  131.3. 

Bentala,  bSn-ti'lS,,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  about  210 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Rio 
Grande. 

Bent  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Bent  Can'yon,  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col. 

Bent  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  25  miles  below  Lynchburg. 

Bentheim,  bfint'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
38  miles  W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Dutch 
frontier,  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  parchment,  with 
Btone-quarries  and  sulphur  baths.     Pop.  2202. 

Bentinck,  Grey  co.,  Ontario.    See  Durham. 

Bentinck  (bSn'tink)  Island,  a  low  island  in  the  Gulf 
of  Carpentaria,  Australia.     Lat.  17°  S. ;  Ion.  139°  40'  E. 

Bentivoglio,benHe-vol'yo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle 
CO.,  Va.,  at  Lindsay  Station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Bailroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville. 

Bent'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Carthage.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bentley,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Oliver  co.,  N.D.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bismarck. 

Bentley  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  S.S.E,  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Bent'ley's  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo., 
Md.,  at  Bentley  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
32  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church,  2  (straw)  paper- 
mills,  and  a  felt-mill. 

Bent'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
in  Somerset  township,  30  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Monongahela  City.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  277. 

Bent'ly,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss. 

Bent  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roanoke  oo.,  Va., 
about  6  miles  from  Alleghany  Springs. 


Benton,  ben'tpn,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity 
of  Arkansas,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about 
891  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  White  and  Illinois 
Rivers  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  hickory,  white  oak,  and  yellow  pine.  Capital,  Benton- 
ville.  Its  E.  portion  is  intersicted  by  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Francisco  Railroad,  "  Frisco  Line."  Pop.  in  1870, 13,831; 
in  1880,  20,.328;  in  1890,  27,716. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  haa 
an  area  of  about  503  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Pine 
and  Sugar  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Bloomington  division  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &  Chicago 
Railroad.  Capital,  Fowler.  Pop.  in  1870,  5615;  in  1880, 
11,108;  in  1890,  11,903. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cedar 
River.  The  Iowa  River  touches  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the 
county,  which  is  partly  drained  by  Prairie  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  prairies  of 
this  county  are  more  extensive  than  the  woodlands.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Devonian  rooks,  covered  with  a  thick  deposit  of  drift,  un- 
derlie the  soil.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  and  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Vinton.  Pop.  in  1870, 22,454 ; 
in  1880,  24,888;  in  1890,  24,178. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Elk 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests; 
the  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  Capital,  Sauk  Rapids.  Pop.  in  1870,  1558; 
in  1880,  3012;  in  1890,  6284. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  border- 
ing on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  nearly  436  square  miles. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  Wolf  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Tippah  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  magnolia,  white 
oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  The  N.W.  portion  of  the 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  while 
the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  A  Birmingham  Railroad  travels 
over  its  S.W.  portion.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop.  in  1880, 
11,023;  in  1890,  10,585. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  744  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Pomme  de  Terre 
and  Grand  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  lead,  car- 
boniferous limestone,  and  Lower  Silurian  magnesian  lime- 
stones, which  crop  out  in  picturesque  bluffs  at  the  Osage 
River.  Some  of  these  are  go.od  building-stones.  A  large 
portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm, 
hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Warsaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,322;  in  1880,  12,396;  in  1890, 
14,973. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an  area 
of  about  1370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Willamette  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It 
is  also  drained  by  the  Alseya  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied by  the  mountains  and  valleys  of  the  Coast  Range,  which 
extends  through  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  oats,  wool,  lumber, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Its  E.  portion  is  traversed  by 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  while  the  Oregon  Pacific  in- 
tersects the  N.  portion  of  the  county  from  E.  to  W.  Cap- 
ital, Corvallis.     Pop.  in  1880,  6403  ;  in  1890,  8650. 

Benton,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  412  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Tennessee  River,  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Big  Sandy  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Nashville  A  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Camden.  Pop.  in  1870,  8234;  in  1880,  9780; 
in  1890,  11,230. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad,  31  miles  W. 
of  Montgomery.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Benton,   a  post-village,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  Ark., 


BEN 


629 


BEN 


near  the  Saline  River,  and  on  the  Arkansas  division  of  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  pottery.    Pop.  647. 

Bentou,  a  post-village  of  Mono  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  225  miles  E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  has  2  quartz-mills  and  a  silver-mine.  Mining  is 
the  chief  business  of  the  place.     Pop.  about  400. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  near  the 
Suwanee  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Lake  City.  It  has  a  public 
hall,  a  cotton-gin,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Benton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  HI.,  is 
on  a  prairie  about  90  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  18 
miles  E.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  939. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  HI.,  the  northeastern- 
most  township  in  the  state.  Pop.  640.  Benton  Station,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  is  40  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  in  Benton 
township,  and  on  Elkhart  River,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goshen. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  203 ;  of  the 
township,  1188. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  867. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  679. 

Benton,  a  station  in  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  railroad 
from  Vinton  to  Traer,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  502. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1303. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Fremont  oc,  Iowa.  Pop.  809, 
exclusive  of  Eastport  and  Percival. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1199. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  703. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  about  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Ringgold  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  431. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  659,  ex- 
clusive of  Bedford. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  892. 

Benton,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  El  Dorado.     Pop.  447. 

Benton,  or  Benton  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Kenton 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of 
Covington.     It  has  2  tobacco-houses. 

Benton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Clark's  River,  and  on  the  Paaucah,  Tennessee  A  Alabama 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3  churches. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Bossier  parish,  La.,  14  miles 
N.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Sebasticook  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1180. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  2524. 
It  includes  Benton  Harbor. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Cheboygan  CO.,  Mich.  Pop.  1488. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1442. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Jackson,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Yazoo  City.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  stores. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3369.  It 
contains  Kirksville,  the  county  seat. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  680. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1130. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Pop.  527. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1184. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2055.  It 
includes  the  village  of  Buffalo. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1199. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  379. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2226. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Howell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  809. 

Benton,  or  Benton  City,  a  station  of  Johnson  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  51  miles 
W.  of  Sedalia. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Knox  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  1602. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  696. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  968. 

Benton,  a  townsliip  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2513. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Polk  oo..  Mo.,  Pop.  1650. 

Benton,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Benton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  4 
miles  from  Morley  Railroad  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
B.W.  of  Commerce.  It  has  a  church  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  about  200. 


Benton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1291. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Webster  co..  Mo.  Pop.  768. 
It  contains  Henderson. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Platte  River,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Lin- 
coln, and  3  miles  from  North  Bend  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Benton,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about 
24  miles  N.N.W\  of  Plymouth,  has  a  mountainous  surface. 
Here  are  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  375. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  west 
shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad.  Benton  Station  is  4^  miles  N.  of  Penn 
Yan.  The  township  contains  part  of  Penn  Yan,  and  the 
villages  of  Bellona  and  Benton  Centre.     Pop.  2410. 

Benton,  a  village  of  Green  township.  Brown  co.,  0.,  i 
mile  from  Mount  Grab,  has  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Benton,  a  village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in  Texas  town- 
ship, 12  miles  N.W.  of  Bucyrus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  union  school.     Here  is  Poplar  Post-Office. 

Benton,  a  village  of  Hancock  co.,  in  Blanchard  township, 
0.,  8  miles  from  Findlay,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Benton  Ridge.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  450. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1448. 
It  contains  Bloomingville. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  24  miles  S.W. 
of  Massillon.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  99. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  987.  It 
contains  Brownsville. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.  Pop.  1152. 
It  contains  Graytown. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  404. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  1119, 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in  Benton 
township,  and  on  Fishing  Creek,  15  miles  from  Bloomsburg, 
and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  shirt-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1252. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.     P.  1055. 

Benton,  a  station  in  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Memphis  Railroad,  47  miles  S.W.  of  Clarksville. 

Benton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  is 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga,  and  3  miles  S.  of 
the  Hiawassee  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex,,  25  miles 
from  San  Antonio.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  school  called 
the  Benton  Institute. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  is  in 
Benton  township,  on  Fevre  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Galena, 
and  about  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  a  Franciscan  convent.  Lead  is  found  here.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1681.  Benton  is  on  the  Galena  &  Southern 
Wisconsin  Railroad. 

Benton,  or  Rankin's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Carle- 
ton  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Eel  River,  19  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  AVoodstock.     Pop.  200. 

Benton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Benton  township,  1  mile  from  Benton  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  4i  miles  N.  of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Benton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audrain  oo.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  6  or  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Mexico.     It  has  2  churches  in  the  vicinity. 

Benton  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dent  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Salem  4  Little  Rock  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Benton  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Kennebeo  oo..  Me.,  on 
the  Sebasticook  River,  2  miles  from  Benton  Station  (on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad),  and  about  22  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Benton  Harbor,  a  city  of  Berrien  co.,  Mioh.,  in 
Benton  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  St.  .Joseph  and  Paw  Paw  Rivers,  60  miles  by  water 
E.N.E.  of  Chicago,  16  miles  N.W.  of  IBerrien  Springs,  and 
86  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Two  weekly  and 
1  daily  newspaper  are  published  here.  It  is  in  a  great  fruit 
region.  Large  quantities  of  fruits  and  other  produce  are 
shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  furniture, 
fruit-baskets,  pickles,  cooperage,  and  wood-working  ma- 
chinery. It  has  also  a  normal  and  collegiate  institute,  and 
is  a  railroad  terminus.     Pop.  in  1890,  3692. 

Benton  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  0.  Se« 
Benton. 

Benton's  Fetry,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La. 

Benton's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co ,  W.  Va.. 


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on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  N."W.  of  Graf- 
ton, and  on  Tygart's  Valley  River.    It  has  a  church. 

BenHonsport',  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  opposite  Vernon,  and  on  the 
Keokuk  <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk, 
and  7  miles  E.  of  Keosauqua.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  a  woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Here 
are  quarries  of  fine  limestone  and  beds  of  coal.     Pop.  338. 

Benton  Station,  in  Benton  co.,  Tenn.,  about  1  mile 
W.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  A  Mem- 
phis Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 

Ben'tonville,  a  city  of  Arkansas,  the  capital  of  Benton 
CO.,  27  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fayetteville.    It  has  8  churches, 

2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
cigars,  carriages,  flour,  furniture,  &e.     Pop.  1677. 

Bentonville,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Posey  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Cambridge  & 
Rushville,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Bentonville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  N.C.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Goldsborough,  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  be- 
tween the  army  of  General  Sherman  and  that  of  General 
Johnston  in  March,  1865.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bentonville,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Sprigg 
township,  about  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati,  5  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River,  and  12  miles  from  Maysville,  Ky.    It  has 

3  or  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  chair-factory,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  310. 

Bentonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Ya.,  10 
miles  from  Front  Royal.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bentotte,  bfin-tott',  a  small  town  of  Ceylon,  on  Ceylon 
River,  12  miles  S.  of  Caltura. 

Bent's  Road  Crossing,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col., 
on  the  Arkansas  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Kit 
Carson. 

Benawe,  Benu6,  bgn-oo-e',  Binon^,  or  Binn6, 
bin-oo-i',  formerly  called  Chad'da,  or  Tsad'da,  a  river 
of  Africa,  the  principal  eastern  tributary  of  the  river  Niger, 
which  it  joins  about  230  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  been 
navigated  by  steamer  to  a  point  350  miles  above  the  conflu- 
ence ;  but  the  people  on  its  banks  are  mostly  warlike  sav- 
ages, and  the  stream  has  not  become  a  channel  of  commerce. 

Benvanue,  bSnVa-noo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co., 
Tex.,  on  Red  River,  110  miles  W.  of  Denison. 

Benvenue,  b4nV§-noo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  oo.. 
Pa.,  in  Reed  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Juniata,  1  mile  from  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  about  15  miles  above  Harrisburg. 

Ben'ville,  a  post-office  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind. 

Ben  Wade,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  409. 

Ben  Wheel'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex., 
11  miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Ben'wood,  a  small  mining  village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  2 
miles  from  Knightsville.  It  has  a  church.  Block  coal  is 
mined  here. 

Benwood,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Wheeling,  and  oppo- 
site Bellaire,  0.  It  has  3  churches,  public  schools,  steel- 
works, a  rolling-mill,  and  a  blast-furnace.     Pop.  2934. 

Ben-Wyvis,  bin-wi'vis,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Ross,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Dingwall.     Height,  2720  feet. 

Benzerta,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bizerta. 

Ben'zie,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  and  N.W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  contains  several  lakes. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  potatoes,  Ac.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Frankfort  A 
Southeastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Benzonia.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2184;  in  1880,  3433;  in  1890,  5237. 

Ben'zing^er,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2733. 
Benzinger  Station  is  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad, 
13  miles  E.  of  Ridgway.     The  township  has  coal-mines. 

Benzo'nia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich., 
about  6  miles  E.  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  30  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  is  on  the  Frankfort  A  Southeastern 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  several 
lumber-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.  Here  is  the  Grand  Traverse 
College  (Congregationalist).     Pop.  of  township,  506. 

Beodra,  bi-o'dri,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  Banat,  47 
miles  W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4025. 

Beowawe,  be-o-wah'we,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Eureka,  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  61  miles 
6.W.  of  Elko. 

Bequia,  bi-kee'4,  Bacoya,  bi-ko'yi,  or  Boquio, 
bo-kee'o,  the  northernmost  of  the  Grenadines,  British  West 
India  Islands,  lat.  13°  N.,  Ion.  61°  18'  W.,  8  miles  S.  of  St. 


Vincent.    Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  7  miles;  breadth,  IJ 
miles.     On  its  W,  side  is  Admiralty  Bay. 

Berar,  bi-rar',  a  province  or  commission ership  of  British 
India,  in  the  Deccan,  comprising  the  districts  of  Akola, 
Woon,  Amrawutti,  Bassim,  Booldanah,  and  Ellichpoor. 
The  first  three  are  collectively  called  East  Berar,  and  the 
others  form  West  Berar.  Area,  17,500  square  miles.  Its  S. 
portion  (Balaghaut)  is  a  hill-region,  but  the  rest  is  a  fertile 
plain  with  some  barren  tracts.  The  country  produces  much 
cotton  and  millet.  Chief  towns,  Ellichpoor  and  Amrawutti. 
Pop.  2,231,565.  The  old  kingdom  of  Berar  was  much  morn 
extensive. 

Berat,  bSr-3,t',  Belgrad,  b^l-grid',  Bielagorad, 
be-i-14-go-r4d',  Arnaoot-  (or  Arnaut-)  Beligrad, 
aR-n&-oot'-bSl-e-gr4d',  Arnaout-Beligradi,aR-n4.-oot' 
bSl-e-gri'dee,  or  Yelagrada,  v51-i-gri'di,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  the  Ergent,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Avlona.  Pop.  10,000,  of  whom  two-thirds  are  Greeks 
and  one-third  Turks.  It  consists  of  an  upper  town  or 
citadel,  containing  several  Greek  churches  and  about  250 
houses,  and  a  lower  town,  with  numerous  mosques  and  a 
good  bazaar.     Berat  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see. 

Beraun,  bi'rSwn  (L.  Berau'na,  or  Berau'num),  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  on  the  Beraun  River,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Prague.  Pop.  4010,  employed  in  potteries,  iron-forges, 
coal-mines,  and  stone-quarries. 

Ber'ber,  Dar  Ber'ber,  £1  Mekheir,  El  Mook- 
heiref,  or  El  Mesherif,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  Nile, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Atbara.  Lat.  17°  58'  58"  N.;  Ion. 
32°  6'  E.  It  stretches  for  several  miles  along  the  E.  bank 
of  the  river,  and  is  mostly  built  of  mud  huts,  but  its  fine 
trees  and  gardens  give  it  a  pleasant  aspect.  Pop.  8000. 
The  names  Berber  and  Dar  Berber  are  often  applied  to  the 
whole  district. 

Ber'bera  (ano.  Ma'lao),  a  seaport  of  East  Africa,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Aden,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zeyla.  Lat. 
10°  26'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  45°  7'  57"  E.  An  annual  fair  is  held 
here  from  October  till  April,  at  which  from  10,000  to  20,000 
persons  assemble,  and  to  which  cofi"ee,  ostrich-feathers,  gums, 
hides,  gold-dust,  cattle,  ivory,  and  slaves  are  sent  from  the 
interior  of  Africa,  and  iron,  Indian  piece-goods,  cotton, 
rice,  Ac,  from  Arabia  and  other  parts.  The  port  is  claimed 
and  occupied  by  Egypt,  and  has  a  light-house.  The  per- 
manent population  is  very  small,  but  the  recent  construction 
of  water-works  now  renders  the  place  habitable.  Most  of 
the  foreign  merchants  are  from  India. 

Ber'bers,  a  name  given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  original 
inhabitants  of  North  Africa,  who,  however,  do  not  recognize 
it,  calling  themselves,  in  their  own  languages,  Amazeergh  or 
Tamzeerght.  In  Algeria  they  are  called  Kabyles.  They 
are  generally  hostile  to  the  Arabs,  and  are  much  superior  to 
them  in  industry.  They  are  Mohammedans,  but  are  seldom 
so  strict  as  the  Arabs  in  the  Moslem  observances. 

Berbice,ber-beece',  a  county  ofBritish  Guiana,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Corentyn  River,  which  separates  it  from  Dutch 
Guiana,  W.  by  Abari  Creek,  and  N.  by  the  sea.  It  has 
95  miles  of  coast-line,  and  was  once  a  distinct  colony.  Ex- 
ports, sugar,  timber,  coffee,  and  rum.  It  has  a  population 
of  about  40,000.     Chief  town,  New  Am.>'terdam. 

Berbice  River,  in  the  above  district,  rises  in  about 
lat.  3°  30'  N.,  Ion.  58°  W.,  having  at  first  a  N.  and  after- 
wards a  N.E.  course,  between  the  Essequibo  and  the  Coren- 
tyn Rivers,  and  joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  5  miles  in 
width,  10  miles  N.  of  New  Amsterdam,  in  lat,  6°  21 '  N., 
Ion.  57°  12'  W. 

Berceto,  bfin-chi'to,  a  picturesque  village  of  Italy,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Parma.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  6283. 

Berchem,  bfiR'KJm,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Scheldt,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2310. 

Berchem,  a  village  of  Belgium,  2  miles  S.  of  Ant- 
werp, on  the  railway  to  Brussels.     Pop.  660. 

Berchem,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra 
bant,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1999. 

Berching,  bfiR'King,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  Ludwig's 
Canal,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1467. 

Berchtesgaden,  bSRK'tes-giMen,  a  market-town  of 
Bavaria,  12  miles  S.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1763. 

Berck-sur-Mer,  bSRk-suR-maiR,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  English  Channel,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Montreuil.     Pop.  3293. 

Bercy,  b^R^see',  a  village  of  France,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Seine,  forming  a  S.E.  suburb  of  Paris.     Pop.  14,495, 

Ber^dan',  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A  Alton  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Alton ;  has  a  church. 

Berdiansk,  bin-de-insk',  a  thriving  maritime  town  of 
Russia,  in  Taurida,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Azof,  150 
miles  N.E.  of  Simferopol.     It  was  founded  in  1827.     Its 


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Ljnrosperity  is  ascribed  to  the  excellence  of  its  port,  and  to  the 
Moal-mines  and  salt-lakes  in  its  vicinity.  The  roadstead  is 
[the  best  in  the  Sea  of  Azof.  A  light-house  stands  at  its 
V«ntrance.     Pop.  12,425. 

Berdichev,  Berditchev,  or  Berditschew,  b€R- 

Fde-chSv',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Kiev, 

»n  a  railway,  24  miles  S.  of  Zhitomeer  (Jitomir).     It  is 

iportant  for  its  commerce  and  its  fairs.  It  has  also  large 
i  manufactures.     Pop.,  mostly  Jews,  52,786. 

Bere'a,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington.  Here  is  an  institution  entitled 
Berea  College,  founded  in  1858,  also  a  non-sectarian  church, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Berea,  a  post-village  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  on  Tar 
River,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Berea,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  Rocky 
River,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  Berea  is  the 
seat  of  the  Baldwin  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
was  founded  in  1856,  and  of  the  German  Wallace  College 
(Methodist  Episcopal),  founded  in  1862.  Berea  has  7 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  an 
extensive  quarry  of  grindstones.  Pop.  in  1880,  1682 ;  in 
1890,  2533. 

Berea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Harrisville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bereczk,  bSr^fitsk',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kezdi-Vdsdrhely.     Pop.  4469. 

Beree,  or  Berie,  ber'ee',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Rohtuk  district,  Oude,  45  miles  W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  9723. 

Beregh,  bi^rSg',  or  Varmegye,  v6r^mfid'y§h,  a  county 
of  Hungary,  west  of  the  Theiss.  Chief  towns,  Bereghszasz 
and  Munkacs.     Pop.  159,223. 

Beregh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  above  county,  14 
miles  S.  of  Munkacs.     Pop.  1650. 

Bereghszasz,  biV5g^s|ss',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Beregh,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Huszth.  It  has  Roman  Cath- 
olic, Greek,  and  Protestant  churches.     Pop.  6252. 

Bereguardo,  bi-ri-gwaR'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1249. 

Bere  Island,  Ireland.    See  Bear  Island. 

Berek  Marsa,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Baretoon. 

Beren'da,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Visalia  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  93 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton. 

Bereug,  a  valley  of  Cashmere.     See  Burenq. 

Berenice,  the  ancient  name  of  Bengazi. 

Ber^eni'ce,  a  ruined  city  of  Egypt,  anciently  the  em- 
porium of  its  commerce  with  India,  on  a  bay  of  the  Red 
Sea,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Ras-Bernass.  It  has  the  remains  of 
a  temple  of  Serapis. 

Berent,  or  Behrend,  bi'rSnt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  4135. 

Beresford,  b5r'9s-f9rd,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co., 
Fla.,  on  St.  John's  River,  52  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of 
Palatka.     It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Beresford,  a  post-town  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  18  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Hawarden,  Iowa.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
a  creamery,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  public  school,  and  numer- 
ous stores.     Pop.  404. 

Beresina,  or  Berezina,  bdR-^-zee'nS.,  a  river  of 
Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  flows  generally  S.,  and  joins 
the  Dnieper  in  lat.  52°  28'  N.  Length,  200  miles.  It  is 
navigable,  and  is  connected  with  the  Diina  by  a  canal, 
which  thus  establishes  a  communication  between  the  Baltic 
and  Black  Seas. 

Beresina,  a  village  of  Russia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Beresina,  48  miles  E.  of  Minsk. 

Berestie  and  Berestoff,  old  names  of  Brest-Litovsk. 

Berethalom,  bi'riHi'lom',  Berthalm,  b^R'tilm,  or 
Birthelm,  beer'tfilm,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Transyl- 
vania, 30  miles  N.E.  of  Hermannstadt.     Pop.  2225. 

Berettyo,  b4V5t'yo\  a  river  of  East  Hungary,  rises  in 
the  Beregh  hills,  and  falls  into  the  Koros  near  Szarvas. 
Length,  170  miles. 

Berettyo-Ujfalu,  bi'rSt'yo'-oo'ee-fi'loo',  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Qrosswardein.     Pop.  4800. 

Berezina,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Beresina. 

Berezna,  bi-rSz'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Desna, 
government  and  20  miles  E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  9678. 

BerezoT,  or  Berezoff,  bir-ez-ofi"',  written  also  Be- 
rezow,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  and  400  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Sosva.     Pop.  1561. 

Berezov,  a  gold-mining  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  gov- 
«rnment  of  Perm,  N.E.  of  Yekaterinboorg. 

Berg  (Duchy  of),  on  the  Rhine,  between  Cologne  and 


Coblentz,  formed  by  Napoleon  in  1806,  and  ceded  to  Prumia 
in  1815,  is  now  comprised  in  Prussian  Westphalia. 

Berg,  b^KG,  numerous  villages  in  Germany,  the  princi- 

fal  of  which  is  in  WUrtemberg,  li^  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart, 
'op.  1875. 

Berg,  a  post-oflSce  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb. 

Berga,  bSii'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  51  miles  N.N.W.  ol 
Barcelona.  It  has  a  garrison,  a  hospital,  and  several  con- 
vents.    Pop.  5600. 

Bergama,  b£R-g&'m&  (anc.  Per'gamtts),  a  ruined  city 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bakeer-Chai,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Smyrna.  It  has  extensive  remains  of  a  palace,  an  amphi- 
theatre, triumphal  arches,  and  bridges,  intermixed  with 
huts,  burial-grounds,  mosques,  and  khans.     Pop.  2500. 

Bergamo,  bfiR'gi-mo  (anc.  BeVgomum),  a  fortified  city 
of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province,-at  a  railway  junction,  39 
miles  N.E.  of  Milan.  It  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque 
cities  in  North  Italy,  and  has  numerous  churches  and  chapels, 
a  cathedral,  monasteries,  nunneries,  a  town  hall,  many 
charitable  institutions,  a  college,  athenaeum,  academy  of 
the  fine  arts,  diocesan  and  other  schools,  a  public  library,  a 
military  asylum,  and  several  theatres,  with  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  silk,  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics,  silk 
twist,  and  iron  goods.  It  has  also  large  cattle-markets,  and 
a  considerable  trade  in  grindstones,  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  37,363. 

Bergamo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  enclosed 
by  Sondrio,  Tyrol,  Brescia,  Cremona,  Milan,  and  Como. 
Area,  1027  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous  and  wooded 
in  the  N.,  level  and  fertile  in  the  S.  Wine,  linen,  and  silk 
are  leading  products.     Capital,  Bergamo.     Pop.  368,152. 

Bergantino,  bfiR-gin-tee'no,  a  town  of  North  Italy, 
25  miles  W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  3268. 

Bergedorf,  b^R'gh^h-doRf^  {i.e.,  "hill  village"),  a 
town  of  Germany,  belonging  to  Hamburg,  on  a  railway,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3600. 

B.ergeijk,  bdR'ahlke,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  25  miles  S.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1758. 

Bergen,  bfiR'gh§n,  a  fortified  city  and  seaport  of  Nor- 
way, capital  of  a  province,  on  a  peninsula,  at  the  end  of  a 
deep  bay,  on  the  Atlantic,  190  miles  W.N.W.  of  Christiania. 
Lat.  60°  24'  N.;  Ion.  5°  18'  E.  It  is  well  built  and  pic- 
turesque, and  has  a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  hos- 
pitals, charitable  institutions,  a  theatre,  national  museum, 
diocesan  college,  naval  academy  and  other  schools,  and  5 
public  libraries.  Bergen  is  surrounded  by  elevated  moun- 
tains on  the  land  side,  which  renders  the  climate  humid.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  secondary  jurisdiction,  and  of  one 
of  the  three  public  treasuries  of  Norway.  It  has  a  branch 
of  the  Norwegian  bank,  and  is  the  station  of  a  naval  squad- 
ron. Its  harbor,  deep  and  sheltered,  but  rocky,  is  defended 
by  several  forts.  It  nas  manufactures  of  earthenware,  to- 
bacco, and  cordage ;  distilling  and  ship-building  are  carried 
on.  The  fishery  is,  however,  the  principal  employment. 
Bergen  has  a  large  trade  in  fish,  roes,  fish  oil,  blubber,  skins, 
horns,  moss,  lobsters,  timber,  iron,  and  feathers.  The  foreign 
trade  is  mostly  with  the  countries  of  Northern  Europe. 
Principal  imports,  corn,  brandy  and  wines,  cotton  and 
woollen  manufactures,  colonial  produce,  and  hemp.  Bergen 
was  founded  in  the  eleventh  century,  and  was  at  an  early 
period  a  town  of  the  Hanseatio  League.  The  city  consti 
tutes  an  amt,  or  civil  province,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Lutheran 
bishop.  It  sends  four  representatives  to  the  storthing, 
or  senate  of  Norway,  Its  vicinity  is  exceedingly  pictu- 
resque, having  mountains  on  three  sides,  and  the  fiord,  with 
its  islands,  in  front.  Many  villas  are  scattered  along  the 
heights,  commanding  fine  views.     Pop.  in  1891,  53,686. 

Bergen,  one  of  the  six  atifts  or  dioceses  of  Norway. 
Area,  14,812  sauare  miles.     Pop.  about  300,000. 

Bergen,  blisc'^n  (Wendish,  Gora),  a  town  of  Prussia, 
near  the  centre  of  the  island  of  Riigen,  of  which  it  is  the 
capital,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Stralsund.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth  and  brandy.     Pop.  3616. 

Bergen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Liineburg.     It  has  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  979. 

Bergen,  bdR'H^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Limburg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mouse,  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  4478. 

Bergen,  the  Flemish  for  Mons,  a  town  of  Belgium. 

Bergen,  b^r'gh^n,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  bordering 
on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  235  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Hackensack  and  Ramapo  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  hilly  or  mountainous.  The  bank  of  the  Hud- 
son in  this  county  is  a  vertical  or  steep  rocky  wall,  called 
the  P&Hsades,  abbut  480  feet  high,  composed  of  an  igneous 
rock  oal'ed  trap.     The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.     Indian 


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corn,  potaioes,  hay,  batter,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products. 
The  county  is  traversed  by  several  railroads  which  gener- 
ally have  their  terminal  at  Jersey  City.  Capital,  Hacken- 
sack.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,122;  in  1880,  36,786;  in  1890, 
47,225. 

BergeD)  a  village  of  Manitoba,  on  the  Canadian  Pacific 
Railway,  7  miles  W.  of  Winnipeg. 

Bergen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  about  8 
miles  S.E.  of  the  line  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Omaha  Railway.  Near  it  are  2  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Bergen,  a  township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  about  50 
miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of 
Crow  River.     Pop.  878.^ 

Bergen,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  now  a  part 
of  Jersey  City,  about  2  miles  W.  of  Jersey  City  Post-Offioe. 
It  was  annexed  to  Jersey  City  in  1871. 

Bergen,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y,,  in  Bergen 
township,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  and  the  West  Shore 
Railroads,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  5  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-oflSce.  Pop.  about  750 ;  of  town- 
ship in  1890,  2002. 

Bergen,  a  township  of  Marathon  co,.  Wis.     Pop.  159. 

B  ergen ,  a  post-township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  936. 

Bergen  Fields,  N.J.    See  Schraalenburg. 

Bergen  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western  and  Erie  Railroads,  3  miles  W.  of  Ho- 
boken,  N.J. 

Berg'en-op-Zoom,  or  more  correctly  Berg-op* 
Zoom,  bfiRG'-op-zome',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  North  Brabant,  on  the  Zoom,  near  its  junction  with 
the  East  Scheldt,  22  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Breda.  Lat. 
51°  29'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  17'  5"  E.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  2 
arsenals,  a  town  house,  a  Latin  school,  a  school  of  architec- 
ture, manufactures  of  earthenware,  and  a  considerable  trade 
in  anchovies.     Pop.  9231. 

Bergen  (b§r'gh§n)  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hudson 
CO.,  N.J.,  now  a  part  of  Bayonne,  on  Newark  Bay,  and  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  8  miles  S.W.  of  New 
York  City,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  many  fine 
residences  and  several  large  hotels.     See  Bayonne. 

Berger,  b§r'j§r,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Co- 
lumbus &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Berger,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  75  miles 
W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  several  stores. 

Berger,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Bergerac,  b5R^zh§h-rS,k',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Dordogne,  and  on  the  Dordogne  River,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  P§rigueux.  It  has  a  communal  college  and  a 
public  library,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  leather,  iron-  and 
copper-wares,  serges,  and  hosiery,  and  exports  white  wines, 
liqueurs,  and  provisions  to  Bordeaux.     Pop.  8679. 

Berg'erville,  a  post- village  in  Quebec  co.,  Canada,  3 
miles  from  Quebec. 

Berggiesshiibel,  bfing'gees-hUbel,  a  manufacturing 
townin  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  7  miles  S.  of  Pirna.  P.  1600. 

Bergheim,  bSRo'hime  (Fr.  pron.  bSR^ghfim'),  a  town 
of  Alsace,  8i  miles  N.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  3072. 

Bergheim,  bfiRG'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
a  railway,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  1236. 

Bergheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Wal- 
deck,  with  a  castle  of  the  Princes  of  Waldeck.     Pop.  239. 

Berg'holtz,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wheatfield  township,  15  miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  and  2  miles  S. 
of  the  Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Berg'holz,  a  post-town  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  0.,  36  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Alliance,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Steuben ville. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bergisch-Gladbach,  bSRg'ish-glftd'bS.K,  or  Mftrk- 
Gladbach,  mank-glid'hiK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cologne.  It  has  large  and  varied 
manufactures.     Pop.  6195. 

Bergomum,  the  ancient  name  of  Bergaho. 

Bergoo,  or  Bergou,  bSr-goo',  an  extensive  territory 
in  the  interior  of  Africa,  generally  called  Waday  (which  see). 

Berg-op-Zoom.    See  Bergen-op-Zoom. 

Bergovatz,  Berkovalz,  bSRK'o-v&ts,  or  Bergot- 
8cha,  bSR-got'shi,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Widdin.     Pop.  6000. 

Bergreichenstein,  b^RG-riK'§n-stine\  or  Kasz- 
Persky-Hory,  kSss-pcRsh'kee^-hoR'ee^  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  2200. 

Bergstadt,  b^RG'stitt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  19  miles  N. 
U  dmiitz.     Pop.  1560. 


Bergnes,  bSng,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
on  the  Colne,  5  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Dunkerque.  It  has 
a  communal  college,  a  hospital,  and  a  public  library,  distil- 
leries, salt-  and  sugar-refineries,  manufactories  of  soap,  to- 
bacco, and  earthenware,  and  commerce  in  cattle,  cheese, 
and  lace.     Pop.  5738. 

Bergnm,  bSR'niim  or  bfiR'Giim,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Priesland,  on  the  Bergum  Lake,  8  miles  E.  of 
Leeuwarden.     Pop.  2676. 

Bergiin,  b^R'giin,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Albula  Mountain,  and  on 
the  route  from  Chur  to  the  Engadine.  Elevation,  4544  feet. 
Pop.  418.  Below  the  village  is  the  remarkable  valley  of  thf 
Bergiinerstein. 

Bergusia,  the  ancient  name  of  Balagueb. 

Bergusium,  the  ancient  name  of  Bourgoin. 

Bergzabern,  b^Ro'tsi^bSm,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava 
ria,  on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  2283. 

Berhampoor,  b^r^am-poor',  or  Barhampur,  bur^- 
am-poor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Moorshedabad  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  on  the  river  Bhagirathi,  170  miles  from  the 
sea,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Moorshedabad.  It  has  extensive  bar- 
racks and  other  public  buildings,  and  a  government  college 
and  schools.     Pop.  27,110. 

Berhampoor,  a  town  of  the  Ganjam  district,  Madras, 
British  India,  23  miles  W.  of  Ganjam.  It  is  an  important 
military  establishment,  and  has  active  manufactures  of  silks, 
cottons,  sugar,  and  confections;  but  the  native  quarter  is 
ill  built.     Pop.  20,000.     See  also  Boorhaupoor. 

Berislav,  or  Berislaw,  bi-re-sl&v',  a  town  of  South- 
ern Russia,  government  and  25  miles  E.  of  Kherson,  on  the 
Dnieper.     Pop.  6495. 

Berizina,  a  village  of  Algeria.    See  Brizina. 

Berkeley,  b^rk'lee,  a  market-town  of  England,  oo.  and 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gloucester,  on  an  eminence  in  the  vale 
of  Berkeley,  near  the  Severn,  and  on  the  Gloucester  &  Bristol 
Railway.  Berkeley  Castle,  on  an  eminence  S.E.  of  the 
town,  is  a  large  irregular  pile,  regarded  as  one  of  the  finest 
feudal  structures  in  the  kingdom.  Its  vale  is  noted  for  rich 
pasturage  and  "double  Gloucester"  cheese.     Pop.  1161. 

Berkeley,  b^rk'lee,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South 
Carolina,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Santee  River,  which 
separates  it  from  the  counties  of  Clarendon,  Williamsburg, 
and  Georgetown,  on  the  S.E.  by  Charleston  co.  and  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W,  by  Colleton  oo.  It  is  watered 
by  branches  of  the  Santee  and  by  navigable  inlets  which, 
setting  up  from  the  ocean,  enclose  important  islands  belong- 
ing to  this  county,  and  is  traversed  by  several  railways. 
Area,  1742  square  miles.  Capital,  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in 
1880,  51,633;  in  1890,  55,428, 

Berkeley,  a  county  in  the  N,E,  part  of  West  "Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N,E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  partly  drained  by 
Opequan  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains  or 
high  ridges.  This  county  comprises  a  portion  of  the  Great 
Valley  of  Virginia.  The  soil  is  mostly  based  on  limestone, 
and  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
also  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  which  leads  from 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  to  Winchester,  Va.  Capital,  Martinsburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,900;  in  1880,  17,380;  in  1890,  18,702. 

Berkeley,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  7  or  8  miles  N.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  5  miles  N.  of  Oakland.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Berkeley  Branch  of  the  Northern  Railway.  Berkeley  com 
mands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  bay  and  the  hills  around 
it.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oifice,  and  a  state 
institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  University  of  California,  with  about  225  officers  and 
instructors  and  over  1000  students.  The  university  com- 
prises colleges  of  letters,  agriculture,  chemistry,  civil  engi- 
neering, mining,  and  mechanics  in  Berkeley,  and  colleges 
of  dentistry,  law,  medicine,  and  pharmacy  in  San  Francisco. 

Berkeley,  a  station  on  the  Martinsburg  &  Potomac 
Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

Berkeley,  a  post- village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  97i  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Berkeley  Sound,  in  East  Falkland  Island,  near  it8 
N.E.  extremity.     Lat.  51°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  57°  56'  W. 

Berkeley  Sound,  British  Columbia.     See  Nitinat. 

Berkeley  Springs,  or  Bath,  a  post-village  and  sum- 
mer resort,  capiUl  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  about  50  miles 
E,  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Hancock  Station 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  whence  a  branch  extends  to 
Berkeley  Springs.  Here  are  medicinal  springs,  which  are 
frequented  by  invalids  and  have  a  temperature  of  74°  Fahr 


B£R 


633 


BER 


The  name  ol»  the  post-office  is  Berkeley  Springs,  It  has 
6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  1529. 

Ber'key^  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  0. 

Berk'ley,  a  post-haralet  of  Madison  cc,  Ala.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Berkley,  a  post-township  of  Bristol  cc,  Mass.,  about  4 
miles  S.  of  Taunton,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Taunton 
River.  It  has  2  churches.  The  noted  Dighton  Rock  is  in 
this  township.     Pop.  in  1S90,  894. 

Berkley,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in  Greenwich 
township,  on  the  Swedesborough  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Berkley,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  A 
Lehigh  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Berkley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  in  Summit 
township,  3  miles  from  Me3'ersdale.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  69. 

Berkley,  a  village  in  Cumberland  township,  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  adjacent 
to  Lonsdale,  is  the  seat  of  active  manufactures,  and  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  544. 

Berkley,  a  flourishing  post-town  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va,, 
on  the  Elizabeth  River,  opposite  Norfolk,  and  on  the  Norfolk 
Southern  Railroad.  It  has  11  churches  (6  white,  5  colored), 
public  schools  for  white  and  colored,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
cotton-knitting-mill,  and  large  lumher-mills.     Pop.  3899. 

Berks,  or  Berk'shire,  b§rk  shir,  formerly  written  and 
still  often  pronounced  Bark'shire,  an  inland  county  of 
England,  having  on  the  N.  the  counties  of  Oxford  and 
Bucks,  on  the  E.  Surrey,  on  the  S.  Hants,  and  on  the 
W.  Wilts  and  Gloucester.  Area,  703  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  beautifully  varied,  and  generally  well  wooded. 
The  Thames  forms  all  its  N.  houndary ;  the  other  principal 
rivers  are  its  affluents  the  Kennet  and  Loddon.  A  tract  of 
downs  extends  through  its  centre ;  its  S.E.  and  E.  parts  are 
occupied  by  Windsor  Forest  and  Park.  The  soil  is  fertile; 
subsoil,  chalk,  gravel,  and  clay.  Agriculture  is  the  leading 
pursuit.  Many  parts  of  the  county,  especially  in  the  vales 
of  the  Kennet  and  the  "  White-horse,"  are  noted  for  fertility. 
Property  is  greatly  subdivided.  Few  farms  consist  of  more 
than  500  acres.  The  manufactures  are  unimportant :  those 
of  woollens,  for  which  the  county  was  once  famous,  have  en- 
tirely disappeared.  Chief  town,  Reading.  Numerous  canals 
and  railways  traverse  the  county.  It  returns  8  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  3  of  whom  sit  for  the  county.  Pop, 
in  1871,  196,475;  in  1881,  149,473;  in  1891,  238,446. 

Berks,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Maiden,  Tulpe- 
hocken,  and  other  creeks.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Moun- 
tain extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county,  the  sur- 
face of  which  is  pleasantly  diversified.  A  large  part  of  it  is 
a  fertile  limestone  valley  between  the  Kittatinny  and  the 
South  Mountain.  Silurian  limestone  and  slate  are  found 
here.  The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat,  Indian 
torn,  oats,  live-stock,  butter,  and  hay.  Rich  mines  of  iron 
are  worked  in  this  county,  which  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  forged  and  rolled  iron,  flour,  hats  and  caps,  leather, 
Ac.  Among  the  indigenous  trees  are  the  hickory,  chestnut, 
and  oak.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad  and  several  of  its  branches,  and  by  the  Wilming- 
ton &  Northerh  Railroad,  which,  leading  from  Wilmington, 
Del.,  terminates  at  the  city  of  Reading,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870, 106,701;  in  1880,  122,697;  in  1890, 
137,327. 

Berkshire,  b^rk'shjr,  a  county  forming  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Massachusetts,  extending  across  the  breadth  of 
the  State,  is  drained  by  the  Deerfield,  Farmington,  Ilousa- 
tonic,  Hoosac,  and  Westfield  Rivers,  which  aflford  abundant 
water-power.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly 
hilly.  Saddle  Mountain,  in  the  N.  part,  with  an  altitude 
of  3505  feet,  is  the  highest  point  in  the  state.  This  county 
abounds  in  picturesque  scenery.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile, 
and  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Forests  of  the  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  part  of  the  sur- 
face. Butter,  cheese,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  soil.  Fine  marble,  limestone,  and  iron  are 
abundant  in  this  county,  which  has  important  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  paper,  iron,  shoes,  leather,  Ac. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad  and  its 
branches,  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  and  the  Pittsfield  A 
North  Adams  Railroad.  The  Hoosac  Tunnel,  6  miles  long, 
is  in  this  county.  Area,  959  square  miles.  Capital,  Pitts- 
field.  Pop,  in  1875,  68,270;  in  1880,  69,032;  in  1890, 
81,108,  ' 

Berkshire  I  a  village  in  Newtown  township,  Fairfield 


CO,,  Conn,,  2}  miles  from  Newtown  Station,  has  a  oharoh, 
a  comb-factory,  and  a  button-factory, 

Berkshire,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co,,  Mass,,  in 
Lanesborough  township,  on  the  Pittsfield  A  North  Adams 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield,  It  has  a  chapel  and 
a  manufactory  of  window-glass, 

Berkshire,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Berk- 
shire township,  on  Owego  Creek,  and  on  the  Southern  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Owego.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  saw-mills,  an  axe-factory,  a  tannery,  Ac,  Pop,  of  the 
township,  1304, 

Berkshire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co,,  0.,  in  Berk- 
shire township,  20  miles  N.  of  E,  from  Columbus,  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  contains  the  village  of  Sunbury, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  A  Colum- 
bus Railroad.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop,  of  township,  1336. 

Berkshire,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co,,  Vt,,  about 
20  miles  E.N,E.  of  St,  Albans,  is  drained  by  the  Missisquoi 
River.  It  contains  a  village  named  East  Berkshire,  which  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and  a  hamlet 
named  West  Berkshire.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop,  1609, 

Berkshire  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co,,  N,J,,  4 
miles  N,W,  of  Dover. 

Berlaer,  b5R'ia,r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Antwerp,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mechlin.     Pop.  3700. 

Berlaimont,  b5KMi'm6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
on  the  Sambre,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2655. 

BerMamont,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  South  Haven  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  125. 

Berlanga,  bSR-lin'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Soria.     Pop.  1810. 

Berlanga,  a  town  of  Spain,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos. 
Pop.  4500. 

Berlat,  Berlad,  bSn  lit',  Birlat,  Byrlat,  b55rMit', 
or  Barladu,  baHMiMoo',  a  town  of  Roumania  (Moldavia), 
145  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Bucharest,  has  a  lyceum,  nor- 
mal and  other  schools,  and  a  great  corn  trade.    Pop.  26,568. 

Berleburg,  bfiR'l^h-boSnG^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arnsberg.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  and  near  it  are  iron-forges.     Pop.  1858. 

Berlengas,  b5R-lfin'gS.s  (Fr.  Berlingues,  b6R^liH»'),  a 
group  of  small  rocky  islands  off  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Estremadura,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Peniche.  The 
principal  island,  Berlenga,  is  defended  by  a  fortress. 

Berlichingen,  bjR'liK-ing-en,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Jaxt,  7i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kiinzelsau,  the  natal 
place  of  the  family  from  which  sprang  the  robber-knight 
Gotz  von  Berlichingen  "with  the  iron  hand."     Pop.  1199. 

Berlikum,  bSR'le-kum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  5  miles  E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2526. 

Berlikum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
West  Friesland,  has  a  large  annual  fair.     Pop.  1592, 

Berlin,  ber'lin  (Ger.  pron,  bfiR-leen';  L,  Beroli'num  or 
Berli'num),  a  city,  capital  of  Prussia,  and  of  the  empire  of 
Germany,  156  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamburg,  100  miles  N.  of 
Dresden,  and  about  700  miles  N.E.  of  Paris.  Lat,  52°  45' 
1 6"  N,,  Ion.  13°  23'  53"  E. ;  elevation  above  the  sea,  115 
feet;  mean  temperature  of  the  year,  48°. 2;  summer,  64°. 5 ; 
winter,  31°.4  Fahrenheit.  Berlin  is  by  far  the  largest 
town  in  Germany,  and  for  the  beauty  and  size  of  its  build- 
ings, the  regularity  of  its  streets,  the  importance  of  its 
institutions  of  science  and  art,  and  its  activity,  industry, 
and  trade,  is  one  of  the  finest  cities  in  Europe.  It  is  built 
on  a  sandy  plain  on  both  banks  of  the  navigable  Spree.  The 
city  was  formerly  walled,  and  entered  by  gates,  one  of  which, 
the  Brandenburg  gate  on  its  W.,  is  in  the  style  of  the  Par- 
thenon, surmounted  by  an  image  of  victory,  in  a  car  drawn 
by  4  horses,  taken  to  Paris  by  Napoleon  I.,  and  brought 
back  after  his  defeat  by  the  Prussians.  Of  the  many 
bridges  over  the  Spree  and  its  branches,  the  principal  are 
the  long  bridge,  with  an  equestrian  statue  of  the  great 
elector  Frederick  William  ;  the  Schlossbriicke,  with  groups 
in  marble;  Belle  Alliance  Briicke,  and  Alsen  Briicke,  both 
with  excellent  stone  sculptures.  The  city  generally  is  reg- 
ular and  handsome ;  the  houses  are  of  no  exaggerated  ele- 
vation. The  most  celebrated  street  is  that  called  "  Unter- 
den-Linden,"  a  broad  and  imposing  street,  planted  with  4 
rows  of  lime-trees,  ornamented  by  an  equestrian  statue  of 
Frederick  the  Great,  and  terminated  by  the  Brandenburg 
gate  at  the  one  end  and  the  royal  palace  at  the  other.  The 
other  streets  most  worthy  of  notice  are  Friedrich  street,  Pots- 
damer  street.  Kaiser  Wilhelm  street,  and  Leipziger  street. 
The  most  beautiful  squares  are  Opern  Platz,  Konigs  Platz, 
Belle  Alliance  Platz,  and  Lustgarten.  Prominent  public 
buildings :  the  imperial  castle,  the  Hall  of  Glory,  the  Beioh- 


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■tags  Gebaude,  the  university,  museums,  exchange,  opera- 
house,  the  Schauspielhaus  (royal  theatre),  the  National 
Gallery,  and  the  building  of  the  Generalstab.  Berlin  has 
numerous  and  excellent  monuments  and  works  of  art,  and 
its  public  conveyances  are  under  the  best  management. 
The  "Stadtbahn"  (elevated  railroad),  going  through  the 
town  from  N.  to  S.,  built  on  thousands  of  massive  brick 
arches,  is  one  of  the  finest  accommodations  for  travelling. 
Berlin  is  the  great  centre  of  intellectual  development  in 
Northern  Germany.  The  university,  founded  in  1809, 
comprising  faculties  of  jurisprudence,  medicine,  theology, 
and  philosophy,  has  about  4000  students.  There  are  sev- 
eral gymnasia,  Protestant  theological  seminaries,  a  military 
school,  schools  of  artillery,  military  engineering,  archi- 
tecture, sculpture,  painting,  music,  and  about  140  mu- 
nicipal public  schools.  It  has  extensive  public  libraries, 
among  which  the  royal  library,  founded  in  1650,  has  900,000 
printed  volumes  and  20,000  MSS.  Among  its  valuable  col- 
lections are  royal  museums  of  painting,  sculpture,  antiqui- 
ties, coins,  and  medals,  8  public  museums,  an  astronomical 
and  magnetic  observatory,  and  the  zoological  garden,  one 
of  the  richest  and  most  complete  in  Europe.  Its  celebrated 
academic  institutions  comprise  the  academy  of  sciences, 
academy  of  fine  arts,  academy  for  the  encouragement  of 
industry,  and  the  academy  of  music;  a  geographical  society, 
founded  in  1828,  and  a  society  of  natural  history.  Among 
its  charitable  institutions  are  the  Invaliden-Haus,  for  300 
soldiers  and  12  ofiicers,  and  an  orphan  hospital.  Berlin 
is  the  first  city  in  Germany  for  the  variety  and  importance 
©f  its  manufactured  products.  The  different  articles  of  in-, 
dustry  are  cloths,  linens,  carpets,  silks,  ribbons,  and  printed 
cottons,  iron-wares,  especially  the  beautiful  cast-iron  arti- 
cles called  "  Berlin  jewelry,"  paper,  porcelain,  mathemati- 
cal and  optical  instruments,  chemical  and  dye-stuffs,  lamps, 
works  of  art  in  bronzes,  and  musical  instruments.  Among 
its  great  industrial  establishments  are  the  royal  iron-foun- 
dry and  royal  porcelain  manufactory.  The  productions  of 
the  press  in  typography,  cartography,  and  lithography  are 
numerous  and  excellent.  The  royal  bank,  established  1772, 
is  since  1871  the  Imperial  German  Reichsbank.  All  the 
great  railroads  in  the  kingdom  meet  in  the  main  station  of 
the  Stadtbahn. 

Two  centuries  ago  Berlin  was  a  place  of  little  importance. 
It  was  confined  to  the  immediate  bank  of  the  Spree  and  the 
island  which  divides  its  channel,  and  consisted  of  Kolln 
and  old  Berlin,  which  have  gradually  verged  into  each  other 
and  now  form  its  different  quarters.  The  first  important 
improvement  was  made  by  the  great  elector  Frederick  Wil- 
liam, who  planted  the  Unter-den-Linden.  Frederick  the 
Great  made  it  worthy  of  his  extended  dominions.  In  1871 
Berlin  became  the  capital  of  the  German  empire ;  its  bloom- 
ing since  that  time  is  marvellous.  Pop.  in  1740,  90,000; 
in  1840,  331,895;  in  1875,  966,858;  in  1880,  1,122,360;  in 
1885,  1,315,412;  in  1890,  1,574,585. 

Ber'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Selma. 

Berlin  (Pines  Station),  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ark.,  89  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.     Pop.  100. 

BerliUf  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  41  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Davisville. 

Berlin,  a  post-township  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  11  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  manufactures  of  iron 
goods,  hardware,  tools,  <&c.  Pop.  2600.  It  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  Kensington. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Valdosta.     It  has  a  store. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Bureau  CO.,  111.  Pop.  1126.  It 
contains  Maiden. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  2  miles  N. 
of  Berlin  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  16  miles  W. 
by  S.  from  Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop.  in  1890, 
260.     Berlin  Station  is  at  New  Berlin. 

Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  about  38  miles 
N.  of  Indianapolis. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  22  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Marshalltown. 

'Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Devon. 

Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  in  Grant  town- 
ship, 11  miles  from  Ogden  Railroad  Station,  and  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Junction  City.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cov- 
ington, Flemingsburg  &  Pound  Gap  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  manufactory  of  mill  machinery. 
Pop.  about  200. 


Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  JMd.,  on  the 
Wicomico  &  Pocomoke  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Worces- 
ter Railroad,  23  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Salisbury,  and  about 
7  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy  or  high  school,  and  2  private  banks.     Pop.  974. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Berlin 
township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  <fc  Fitchburg  Railroad,  40 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  of  township,  in  1890,  884. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1659. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  2026. 
It  contains  Newport. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wright 
township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  9  or  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  woollen-mill,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1131. 

Berlin,  a  post-township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  about  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Mankato.  It  is  diversified  by  lakes,  prairies, 
and  groves.     Pop.  616. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
from  Pattonsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Berlin,  a  village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  on  or  near  the 
Missouri  River,  in  Dover  township.  It  has  several  churches 
and  a  hemp-factory.     Pop.  about  350. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb.,  43  miles  by  rail 
E.  by  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  and  sev- 
eral shops  and  stores.     Pop.  763. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad.     Pop.  529.     See  Berlin  Falls. 

Berlin,  formerly  Longacoming,  a  post-village  of 
Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Waterford  township,  on  the  Camden 
&  Atlantic  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  bae  3 
churches,  2  wagon-shops,  and  a  graded  school. 

Berlin,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  1  mile  from  Jamaica. 

Berlin,  a  post- village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Berlin 
township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  about  22 
miles  E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  5  stores,  2  grist- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  corks  and  shirts.  Pop.  about 
400.  It  is  sometimes  called  North  Berlin.  The  township 
contains  also  South  Berlin,     Pop.  of  township,  2088. 

Berlin,  or  West  Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
0.,  in  Berlin  township,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Colum- 
bus, and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Delaware.  Pop.  of  township,  1330. 
Its  station  name  is  Berlin;  its  post-oflBce,  West  Berlin. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.  Pop.  1741.  It  con- 
tains Ceylon,  Berlin  Heights,  and  Berlinville. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in  Berlin  town- 
ship, about  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  leather,  and  wool. 
Pop.  224;  of  township,  1007. 

Berlin,  a  village  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Milton  town- 
ship, on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  &c.  Pop.  233.  The  name 
of  its  post-oflBce  is  Berlin  Cross  Roads. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  887. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.  Pop.  963.  It 
contains  Berlin  Centre. 

Berlin,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  is  near  the 
western  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  about  52  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Altoona,  and  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  public  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  foundry,  and  rolling-  and  flouring-mills. 
Bituminous  coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  912. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1005. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  44  miles 
S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tan-yard,  and  is  near 
South  Berlin  Station  of  the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad. 

Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Brenham. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  3  or  4 
miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  is  in  Berlin  township,  which  is 
drained  by  the  Winooski  River  and  intersected  by  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad.  The  township  has  4  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  1514. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  W.  of  Norfolk. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  8  miles  E. 
of  Weston.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  120. 

Berlin,  a  city  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  is  in  Berlin 
township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Osh- 
kosh,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  97  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     Its  trade  is  facilitated  by 


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635 


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the  steam  navigation  on  Fox  River.  One  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers  are  issued  here.  Berlin  has  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  8  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  caskets,  coffins,  flour,  Ac.    Pop.  of  city,  4149. 

Berlin,  the  chief  town  of  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Jrand  River,  62i  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  3 
banks,  a  telegraph  office,  5  newspaper  offices,  14  churches,  a 
college,  tanneries,  foundries,  and  furniture-,  boot-  and  shoe-, 
organ-,  butter-,  trunk-,  and  other  factories.     Pop.  8000. 

Berlin  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in 
Berlin  township,  about  32  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Akron.  It 
has  a  college  and  3  churches. 

Berlincben,  bSR'Iin-Ken,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 52  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  Pop. 
3620. 

Berlin  Cross  Roads,  Jackson  co.,  0.    See  Berlin. 

Berlin  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  98  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  5  churches  (7  denominations),  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  paper-,  pulp-,  and  lumber-mills.  The  river  here  de- 
scends nearly  200  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile,  and  presents 
admirable  scenery. 

Berlingues,  the  French  for  the  Beklengas  Islands. 

Berlin  Heights,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  is  sit- 
uated on  high  ground  in  Berlin  township,  3  miles  from 
Lake  Erie,  3  miles  S.  of  Ceylon  Railroad  Station,  and  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  carriage-shop,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  517. 

Berlin  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  about  3  miles  N.  of  Berlin  Falls. 

Berlin  Station,  Erie  co.,  0.    See  Ceylon. 

Ber'linsville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
in  Lehigh  township,  about  16  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Allentown. 
It  has  a  church,  and  quarries  and  manufactures  of  slate 
and  marble. 

Berlinum,  the  Latin  for  Berlin. 

Ber'linville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  town  hall,  grist-  and  saw-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  pillow-sham  holders. 

Bermejo,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Vermejo. 

Bermeo,  bSR-mi'o,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Bay  of  Biscay,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  3913. 

Ber'mondsey,  a  parish  of  England,  and  a  suburb  of 
the  metropolis,  co.  of  Surrey,  included  in  the  borough  of 
Southwark,  on  the  East.  Pop.  80,424,  employed  in  ship- 
building, in  extensive  tanneries,  and  in  a  large  retail  trade. 
Bermondsey  has  a  large  Roman  Catholic  population^  a  con- 
vent, and  many  schools,  and  other  charities. 

Bermuda  (or  Somers)  Islands,  or  The  Bermu- 
das, b?r-moo'daz,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  Atlantic 
Ocean,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  580  miles  S.E.  of  Cape 
Hatteras ;  situated  between  lat.  32°  14'  and  32°  25'  N.  and 
Ion.  64°  38'  and  64°  52'  W.  They  lie  S.W.  and  N.E.,  based 
on  the  edge  of  a  coral  bank,  and  only  occupy  a  space  of 
about  18  miles  by  6,  though  said  to  be  365  in  number. 
They  are  separated  from  one  another  by  very  narrow  chan- 
nels, and  are  mostly  rocky  islets,  five  only  being  of  any 
considerable  size.  They  are  of  difficult  access,  being  en- 
closed on  three  sides,  N.,  W.,  and  S.,  by  formidable  coral 
reefs,  nearly  all  under  water,  and  extending  in  some  parts 
10  miles  from  the  islands,  the  only  reefs  of  this  description 
occurring  in  the  whole  central  expanse  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  The  islands  have  little  elevation,  and  in  their  gen- 
eral aspect  much  resemble  the  West  India  Islands.  The 
climate  is  delightful,  an  uninterrupted  spring  clothing  the 
fields  and  trees  with  perpetual  verdure.  Severe  thunder- 
storms, however,  frequently  occur;  and  when  south  winds 
prevail  the  atmosphere  becomes  charged  with  humidity. 
Almost  every  description  of  fruit  and  vegetable  grows  here 
abundantly ;  the  arrow-root  is  said  to  be  superior  to  that  of 
any  other  place.  The  orange-orchards  of  the  islands  are 
extending  and  improving.  It  is  remarkable  that  there  are 
neither  springs  nor  fresh-water  streams  in  the  Bermudas, 
and  only  a  few  wells,  the  water  of  which  is  brackish. 

Some  attention  is  given  to  building  vessels,  generally  of 
cedar,  small,  swift,  and  durable.  Plaiting  straw  and  the 
midrib  of  the  palmetto  leaf  is  also  carried  on  to  some  ex- 
tent. Principal  exports,  arrow -root,  potatoes,  tomatoes,  and 
onions,  which  are  shipped  extensively  to  the  United  States. 
The  largest  harbor  is  that  of  St.  George's,  a  beautiful  bay, 
capable  of  containing  a  large  fleet,  but  of  difficult  ingress 
and  egress  from  the  narrowness  of  its  entrance.  It  is 
strongly  fortified,  and  generally  garrisoned  by  a  regiment 
of  the  line,  with  artillery.  The  legislature  consists  of  a 
governor,  council,  and  legislative  assembly.  The  council  is 
composed  of  8  members  and  a  president,  nominated  by  the 
governor,  but  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  crown;   the 


house  of  assembly  of  36  members,  retnmed  by  the  nine 
tribes  or  parishes  into  which  the  islands  are  divided.  An 
establishment  for  convicts  has  been  placed  on  Boaz  Island. 
The  capital  is  Hamilton,  on  Great  Bermuda  or  Long  Island. 
There  is  regular  steam  communication  between  Bermuda 
and  New  York.  Pop.  in  1871,  12,121 ;  in  1881, 13,948;  in 
1891,  15,884. Inhab.  Berhudian,  b^r-moo'de-^n. 

Bermu'da,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Bermuda,  a  post-village  of  Natchitoches  parish,  La., 
10  miles  S.  of  Natchitoches. 

Bermu'da  Hun'dred,  a  village  of  Chesterfield  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Bermu'dian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lat- 
imore  township,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  2  coach -shops  and  2  stores. 

Bern,  b§rn  (Fr.  Berne,  bSRn;  Ger.  Bern,  bfiRn),  a  can- 
ton of  Switzerland,  by  far  the  most  populous  in  the  Confed- 
eration, and  the  largest  in  area,  excepting  the  Grisons,  sit- 
uated between  lat.  46°  20'  and  47°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  60' 
and  8°  27'  E.  Bounded  N.  by  France,  E.  by  the  cantons 
Soleure,  Aargau,  Lucerne,  Unterwalden,  and  Uri,  S.  by  the 
Valais,  and  W.  byVaud,  Freyburg,  and  Neufchatel.  Area, 
2660  square  miles.  The  country  is  very  mountainous,  com- 
prising, in  the  S.,  many  of  the  highest  points  of  the  Alps, 
as  the  Finster- Aarhorn,  Jungfrau,  Schreckhorn,  and  Monch, 
the  terraces  and  contreforts  of  which  form  the  Bernese 
Oberland,  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  valleys,  the  chief 
of  which  are  the  Simmenthal,  Lauterbrunnen,  Grindelwald, 
and  Hasli.  The  N.  part  of  the  canton  is  covered  by  the 
Jura  Mountains,  the  two  regions  being  separated  by  the 
valley  of  the  Aar.  Nearly  the  whole  territory  belongs  to 
the  basin  of  the  Rhine,  and  is  drained  by  the  Aar  and  its 
tributaries.  Climate  healthy ;  excessively  cold  in  the  region 
of  the  Alps,  where  the  perpetual  snow  forms  the  most  ex- 
tensive glaciers  in  Switzerland.  The  mountains  are  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  beech,  and  the  soil  is  fertile  in  the 
valleys.  The  amount  of  grain,  potatoes,  hemp,  and  flax  is 
insufficient  for  consumption.  The  vine  is  cultivated  to  a 
considerable  extent  in  the  valleys  of  the  Thiele,  and  on  the 
lakes  Neufchatel,  Bienne,  and  Thun.  Manufacturing  and 
the  rearing  of  cattle  are  the  chief  sources  of  wealth,  the 
cattle  of  the  Emmen  and  Saane  being  the  best  in  Switzer- 
land ;  and  the  cheese  there  produced  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  commerce.  The  horses  of  the  Emmenthal  are 
much  esteemed.  Among  the  many  mineral  springs  those 
of  Weissenburg,  Blumenstein,  Frutigen,  and  Gurnigel  are 
most  frequented.  The  chief  objects  of  industry  are  the 
manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens,  iron-  and  copper- 
wares,  watchmaking,  and  the  wooden-wares  of  the  Ober- 
land. The  canton  is  traversed  by  excellent  roads,  and 
steam-packets  ply  on  the  lakes  and  on  the  river  Aar.  The 
educational  establishments  are  numerous  and  excellent. 
Pop.  in  1870,  506,466;  in  1888,  536,679,  mostly  Protestant. 
Capital,  Bern. Adj.  and  inhab.  Bernese,  b^rn-eez'. 

Bern  or  Berne,  b^Rn  (L.  Ber'na),  a  town,  capital  of 
Switzerland,  and  of  the  canton  of  the  same  name,  mainly 
built  on  a  small  peninsula  formed  by  the  Aar,  here  crossed 
by  several  bridges,  which  connect  the  old  town  with  its  new 
quarter,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva,  and  23  miles  S.  of  Basel. 
Elevation  (of  observatory),  1856  feet.  It  is  the  terminus 
of  several  railways.  It  is  the  finest  town  in  Switzerland, 
and  one  of  the  most  handsome  in  Europe;  it  is  entirely 
built  of  freestone,  and  is  remarkable  for  the  arcades  formed 
by  the  houses  in  all  its  principal  streets,  and  for  its  numerous 
fountains,  many  of  which  are  ornamented  with  curious 
sculpture.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral ;  a  university,  founded 
in  1834;  an  observatory;  a  public  library  with  45,000  vol- 
umes and  a  collection  of  MSS.;  a  museum;  an  arsenal;  a 
mint,  in  which  the  coins  of  several  cantons  are  struck  ;  and 
many  charitable  institutions.  Its  chief  industry  consists  in 
the  manufacture  of  gunpowder,  fire-arms,  and  mathematical 
instruments,  straw  hats,  paper,  and  leather.  The  property 
belonging  to  the  corporation  is  very  large ;  and  the  revenue 
suffices  not  only  to  defray  the  public  expenses,  but  also  to 
provide  all  the  citizens  with  fuel,  and  still  leaves  a  surplus. 

Bern  owes  its  foundation  to  Berchtold,  fifth  Duke  of  Zah- 
ringen,  who,  in  1191,  fortified  the  peninsula  on  which  the 
town  stands,  and  invited  merchants  and  craftsmen  to  resort 
thither  for  protection.  In  1218  it  was  raised  to  the  rank 
of  a  free  town  of  the  empire,  with  extensive  privileges. 
Bern  is  said  to  derive  its  name  from  h'dren,  the  plural  of 
the  German  word  bar  (a  bear) ;  and  that  animal  figures  on 
the  armorial  bearings  of  the  town,  as  well  as  on  the  coina, 
sign -posts,  fountains,  and  public  buildings.  For  many  cen- 
turies living  bears  have  been  maintained  at  the  public  ex- 
pense as  part  of  the  state  property.  The  great  majority  of 
the  inhabitants  are  Protestants.     Pop.  in  1888,  4«.0n<>. 


/^^^/^/^L    ^^    ■ 


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636 


BER 


Bern,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  about  70 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church  organiza- 
tion, a  bank,  flour-mills,  public  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bern,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1014. 

Bern,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia 
A  Reading  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Pottsville. 

Bern,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2124. 

Berua,  the  Latin  for  Bern,  a  town  of  Switzerland. 

Bernados,  a  name  once  given  to  the  Barbadoes 
Islands. 

Bernadotte,  b§r'na-dSt',  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co., 
m.,  in  Bernadotte  township,  on  Spoon  River,  4  miles  from 
Ipava  Railroad  Station,  and  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Peoria.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop. 
of  township,  1253. 

Bernadotte,  a  post-township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn., 
on  Swan  Lake,  13  miles  from  Nicollet.     Pop.  482. 

Ber^nal',  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  4 
miles  S.  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Bernalda,  b5R-nil'd4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
46  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  6295. 

Bernalillo,  bSr-ni-lee'yo,  a  county  of  New  Mexico,  is 
intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  and  Rio  Puerco.  The  surface 
is  partly  mountainous.  A  peak,  called  Mount  Taylor,  ap- 
pears to  be  of  volcanic  origin.  Primary,  Silurian,  and  cre- 
taceous rocks  are  found  in  different  parts  of  the  county. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Irrigation  is  required  in  order  to  raise  good  crops  of  grain. 
Capital,  Albuquerque.  Pop.  in  1880, 17,225;  in  1890, 20,913. 

Bernalillo,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillo  co.,  New  Mex- 
ico, on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Albuquerque,  in 
a  wool-  and  stock-growing  region.  It  has  a  church,  a  con- 
vent, a  college,  and  a  manufactory  of  wine.     Pop.  1223. 

Bernar'do,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Diego  oo.,  Cal.,  about 
34  miles  N.  by  E.  of  San  Diego. 

Bernardo  Prairie,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of 
Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles  from  Alleyton  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Ber^nards',  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2369.     It  contains  Bernardsville  and  Basking  Ridge. 

Ber'nardston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  Co.,  Muss., 
on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Green- 
field. It  has  4  churches,  a  public  library,  a  school  called 
Powers  Institute,  and  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cutlery- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  770. 

Bernard's  ToAvn,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beruards'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Somerset 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Bernards  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  West 
Line  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Newark.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bernau,  b^R'now,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
renburg,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  5567,  em- 

Eloyed  in  weaving  woollen,  cotton,  and  silk  stufi"s,  and  in 
reweries. 

Bernay,  b^R^n^',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure, 
on  the  Charentonne,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Evreux.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  linens,  and  yarns.  The  town  is  full  of 
old  buildings  of  much  antiquarian  interest.     Pop.  5806. 

Bernburg,  b^m'burg  or  bSan'booRG,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, duchy  of  Anhalt,  on  the  Saale,  23  miles  S.  of  Magde- 
burg. It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  both  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  several  churches,  council-house, 
high  schools,  and  orphan  asylum.  It  has  manufactures  of 
sugar,  iron  castings,  porcelain,  paper,  and  starch.  It  is 
connected  by  railways  with  Berlin,  Magdeburg,  and  Dres- 
den.    Pop.  about  20,000. 

Berne,  Switzerland.    See  Bern. 

Berne,  b5R'n§h,  a  town  of  Germxny,  duchy  and  11 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  694. 

Berne,  b§rn,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  33  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Berne,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  in  Milton 
township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Berne,  a  post-township  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  contains  villages  named 
Bemville  or  Berne,  East  Berne,  and  West  Berne.    Pop.  2567. 

Berne,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  3056.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  East  Lancaster  and  Sugar  Grove. 
Berne  Station  is  5  miles  E.  of  Lancaster. 

Berne,  Noble  co.,  0.     See  Carlisle. 

Berne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  15  miles  by 
vail  N.  of  Reading 


Berne,  or  Drys'daleville,  a  post-village  in  Hurop 
CO.,  Ontario,  16  miles  from  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 

Berneck,  bSR'nfik,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Franco 
nia,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1355. 

Berneck,  b4R-n4k',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  11  miles  E.  of  St.  Gall.  It  has  manufactures  of  em 
broidered  muslins.     Pop.  2137. 

Bernera,  ber-ni'ri,  or  Barnera,  bar-ni'ri,  three 
islands  of  the  Hebrides, — one  sometimes  called  Berneray, 
the  southernmost  of  the  Barra  group,  another  in  Harris 
Sound,  and  the  third  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Lewis. 

Bernese  Oberland,  Switzerland.    See  Bern. 

Bern'hard's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the  New  York  & 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It 
has  a  church. 

Ber'nice,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
State  Line  A  Erie  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Towanda.  It  has 
mines  of  semi-anthracite  coal,  an  enormous  coal-breaker, 
and  a  steam  mill.  The  coal  is  described  as  "  free-burning, 
without  clinker." 

Bernier,  b^r-neer',  a  small  island  of  Western  Australia, 
N.W.  of  Shark  Bay.     Lat.  24°  50'  S.;  Ion.  113°  15'  E. 

Bernina,  bdR-nee'n&,  a  mountain  of  the  Rhsetian  Alps, 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Chur,  re- 
markable for  its  extensive  glacier.  The  Pass  of  Bernina 
forms  a  communication  between  the  Upper  Engadine  and 
the  Valtelline,  at  an  elevation  of  7672  feet. 

Bernkastel,  bSRn'k3,s-t9l,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prusaia, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  2100. 

Ber'non,  a  village  in  Woonsocket  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  contiguous  to  Woonsocket  village.  It  has  exten- 
sive cotton-mills  and  a  church.     Pop.  1482. 

Bernstadt,  bfiRn'stAtt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a 
railway,  22  miles  E.  of  Breslau.  It  has  a  ducal  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  3861. 

Bernstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Schatzlar. 

Bernstein,  b^Rn'stine,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 55  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2477. 

Bern'ville,  or  Berne,  a  post-village  of  Albany  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Berne  township,  about  20  miles  from  Albany.  It 
has  5  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  churches.  Pop. 
250.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Berne. 

Bemville,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  Tulpehocken  Creek  and  the  Union  Canal, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  2  graded 
schools,  a  printing-office,  a  foundry,  2  carriage-factories,  a 
machine-shop,  and  an  active  trade  in  coal,  lumber,  grain, 
&o.    The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick.    Pop.  about  60(' 

Bercea  (of  Syria).     See  Aleppo. 

Beroea  (of  Macedonia).     See  Vehia. 

Berolinum,  the  Latin  for  Berlin. 

Beronda,  or  Baronda,  ba-ron'dS,,  a  petty  state  ot 
India,  in  Bundelcund.   Area,  275  square  miles.   Pop.  24,000 

Beroo,  a  kingdom  of  Africa.     See  Beeroo. 

Ber^ra-Vol',  an  independent  territory  and  town  of 
Northern  Afghanistan,  the  town  situated  in  a  valley  and 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  108  miles  N.  of  Peshawer. 

Berre,  baiR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-RhSne, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1980. 

Ber'reman,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.  Pop.  559. 

Berri,  a  district  in  France.     See  Berry. 

Berrian,  bjr^re-3,n',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara  of 
Algeria,  25  miles  E.  of  Gardaia.     Pop.  about  3500. 

Berrien,  ber'r^-en,  a  county  jn  the  S.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  745  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Allapaha  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Little 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  sandy, 
and  produces  maize,  sweet  potatoes,  oats,  <kc.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Brunswick  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital, 
Nashville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4518;  in  1880,  6619;  in  1890, 
10,694. 

Berrien,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Mich- 
igan, has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Micbigan,  and  is  intersected  by  St. 
Joseph's  River,  which,  entering  it  in  the  S.,  runs  N.N.W. 
into  Lake  Michigan,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Paw  Paw 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  dense  forests  of  the  ash,  oak,  beech,  and  sugar-maple. 
The  soil  is  partly  a  deep  rich  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  fruits,  butter,  cattle,  horses,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  & 
West  Michigan  Railroad  and  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road. The  St.  Joseph  Valley  Railroad  runs  between 
Buchanan  in  the  S.  and  Berrien  Springs,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  35,104;  in  1880,  36,785;  in  1890,  41,286. 


BER 


637 


BER 


Berrien^  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1381. 
Berrien  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
19  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Niles.     Pop.  about  150. 

Berrien '8  Island,  an  island  of  12  acres*  area,  in  East 
River,  within  the  limits  of  Long  Island  City,  N.Y.  It  lies 
off  Lawrence  Point. 

Berrien  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort, 
capital  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Niles,  and  about  70  miles  E.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
planing-mill,  and  medicinal  springs.     Pop.  662. 

Berrin,  ber-reen',  a  town  of  Western  Africa,  Senegam- 
bia.  on  the  Casamanza,  Lat.  12°  28'  N. ;  Lon.  16°  28'  W. 
Berry,  or  Berri,  bSr'ree  (Fr.  pron.  bfin^Ree'),  one  of 
the  old  provinces  of  Trance,  near  its  centre,  now  forming 
the  departments  of  Cher  and  Indre ;  its  capital  was  Bourges. 
Ber'ry,  a  village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  in  Cooper  town- 
ship, on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Berry,  a  post- village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  54  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Covington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  and 
s  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Berry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  17 
miles  from  Oroville.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ber'ryhill's',  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1414. 

Ber'ry  Islands,  a  group  of  well-wooded  keys  in  the 
Bahamas,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Nassau.  All  are  small. 
They  are  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Great  Bahama  Bank. 
Pop.  202.     Great  Harbor  Key  is  the  largest. 

Ber'rysburg,  a  post-borough  of  Mifflin  township,  Dau- 
phin CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lykens  Valley,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Har- 
risburg.  Coal  is  mined  near  it.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  chairs  and  tombstones.     Pop.  451. 

Berry's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex., 
24  miles  from  Round  Rock  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Berry's  Lick,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
from  Auburn. 

Berry's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in 
Carthage  township,  12  miles  from  North  Jay  Station.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ber'ry's  Station,  or  Ber'ryville,  a  post-village  of 
Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  54 
niles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons.     Pop.  235. 

Ber'rysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about 
54  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  78. 

Ber'rytown,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  111. 

Ber'ryvale,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Siskiyou 
CO.,  Cal.,  at  the  base  of  Mount  Shasta,  77  miles  from  Red- 
ding.    Here  are  2  hotels. 

Ber'ryville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Carrol  co.,  Ark., 
near  Osage  Creek,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Fayetteville  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Eureka  Springs.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
about  750. 

Berryville,  Harrison  co.,  Ky.    See  Berry's  Station. 

Berryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  Mich.,  9i  miles 
from  Gaylord  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Berryville,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

Berryville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  11  or  12  miles  E.  of  Winchester, 
and  about  60  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a 
bank,  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  coach-factory.     Pop.  580. 

Bersimis,  bSR'se^meo',  or  Betsiamites,  bSt^se-S,^- 
meet',  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  90  miles  N.E. 
of  Tadousac.  It  is  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  post,  and  in- 
habited chiefly  by  Indians.     Pop.  552.     See  Betsiamites. 

Bertha,  a  Latin  name  of  Perth,  in  Scotland. 

Berthalm,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Beuethalom. 

Berthelsdorf,  bSR't?h-doRr,  a  village  of  Saxony,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  1902. 

Berthier,  b5RHe-4',  a  county  in  the  western  part  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  Area, 
2170  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  L'Assomption  River. 
The  chief  products  are  woollen  goods,  linens,  flax,  oats,  and 
tobacco.     Chief  town,  Berthier-en-Haut.     Pop.  19,993. 

Berthier-en-Bas,bdRHc-^'-AN«-b&,orBellechasse 
de  Berthier,  bSirshiss'  d^h  bSRHe-i',  a  village  in  Belle- 
chasse  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, and  on  a  railway,  40  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Quebec. 
Pop.  300. 

Berthier-en-Haut,  b8R'te-i'-6N»-h6,  a  river-port  of 
Quebec,  the  chief  fc)wn  of  Berthier  co.,  on  the  north  shore 


of  the  St.  Lawrence,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  haa  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  college,  an  academy,  a  convent,  a 
whiskey  distillery,  foundry,  steam  saw-mill,  Jcc.  Pop.  about 
1500. 

Bertholdsdorf,  bdR't&lds-doRr,  a  town  of  Austria,  8 
miles  S.  of  Vienna,  with  an  old  church,  a  castle,  and  warm 
baths.     Pop.  3262. 

Berthoud,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Bcrodorf. 

Ber'thoud,  a  post-town  of  Larimer  co.,  Col.,  in  a  fin« 
wheat-growing  section,  60  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denver.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour. 
Pop.  350. 

Bertie,  b^r'tee,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Chowan  River,  and  on  the  S.  and 
W.  by  the  Roanoke.  Albemarle  Sound  touches  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Windsor.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,950;  in  1880,  16,399;  in  1890, 
19,176. 

Bertignat,  bfiRHeen^yi',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Puy-de-DSme,  9  miles  from  Ambert.     Pop.  2127. 

Bertincourt,  bdRHILN°^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arras.     Pop.  1536. 

Bertinoro,  b^R-te-no'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Forli.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6540. 

Ber'tram,  a  post- village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bertram 
township,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  and  saw-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Bertram,  a  post-village  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Burnet.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Ber'trand,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Niles.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.    Pop.  about  300. 

Ber^trand',  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  (Cairo 
division),  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  churoh 
and  a  steam  mill. 

Bertrich,  bfiRt'rlK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Cochem,  with  mineral  baths.     Pop.  360. 

Bertry,  bSRHree',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2933. 

Berumbah,  a  state  of  India.    See  Baramba. 

Berun,  bi-roon'  (called  Alt-Berun,  "Old  Berun,"  to 
distinguish  it  from  the  neighboring  Neu-Berun),  a  village 
of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pless,  on  Lake  Berun. 
Pop.  1733;  of  Neu-Berun,  430. 

Berut,  or  Berout,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Betroot. 

Berutschird,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Booroogird. 

Bervie,  bSr'vee,  or  Inverbervie,  in'v^r-bfirVee,  a 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kincardine,  on  the  North  Sea,  Si 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Stonehaven.  It  is  on  a  railway,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Bervie,  the  harbor  being  at  Gourdon,  1 
mile  S.    Pop.  1859. 

Ber'vie,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles 
W.  of  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Ber'ville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich. 

Berwick,  or  BerAvickshire,  bSr'rik-shjr,  a  county 
of  Scotland,  forming  its  S.E.  extremity,  on  the  coast  of  the 
German  Ocean,  and  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Northumberland 
and  W.  by  Haddington  and  Edinburgh  shires.  Area,  464 
square  miles.  Its  N.  part  consists  of  the  barren  Lammer- 
moor  hills ;  but  the  district  of  Lauderdale  in  the  W.  and 
that  of  the  Merse  in  the  S.  are  level  and  well  cultivated. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Tweed  and  the  Eye.  Capital, 
Greenlaw.  This  county  returns  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  32,406.     See  Berwick-on-Tweed. 

Ber'wick,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  111.,  in  Berwick 
township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1066. 

Berwick,  a  post-town  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  near  Morgan  City.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Berwick,  a  post-village  of  York  oo..  Me.,  in  Berwick 
township,  on  Salmon  Falls  River,  J  mile  from  Great  Falls 
Railroad  Station,  and  about  44  miles  S.W,  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  steam  mills.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  is  about  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Dover,  N.H.  It  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, lumber,  furniture,  shoes,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.    i^p.  2291. 

Berwick,  a  station  in  Newton  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  LotJa 
&  San  Francisco  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Neosho. 

Berwick,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  0* 
Tiffin.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  ttc.     Pop.  188. 


BER 


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Berwick  (post-oflfice,  Abbottstown),  a  borough  of 
Adams  co.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  325. 

Berwick,  a  post-borough  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  44  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Scran  ton.  It  has  beautiful  scenery,  a  graded  school, 
a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  ofl5ce,  5  churches,  a  pottery, 
a  rolling-mill,  and  a  ear-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2701. 

Berwick,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  37 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Windsor.  It  contains  a  church,  stores,  a 
grist-mill,  steam  saw-mills,  furniture-factory,  &c.  Pop.  500. 
Berwick-on-Tweed,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tweed,  at  its  mouth, 
and  on  the  North  British  Railway,  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Edin- 
burgh. Lat.  of  the  light-house,  55°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  59'  W. 
The  town  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  and  fortifications,  and  is 
connected  with  its  suburbs,  Tweedmouth  and  Spittal,  by  a 
stone  bridge  of  15  arches  and  by  a  railway  bridge.  It  has 
a  decorated  Gothic  church,  built  during  the  commonwealth, 
a  town  hall  with  an  exchange  and  jail  attached,  a  lunatic 
asylum,  theatre,  grammar-school,  free  schools,  assembly- 
rooms,  and  infantry  barracks.  The  harbor  has  been  recently 
much  improved.  The  salmon-fishery  in  the  Tweed  is  very 
productive.  The  borough  has  sent  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons  since  the  reign  of  Mary.  Before  the 
municipal  reform,  Berwick  was  a  free  town,  independent 
of  both  Scotland  and  England ;  but  it  is  now  constituted  an 
English  county  for  all  purposes  except  parliamentary  elec- 
tions. Pop.  of  municipal  borough  in  1891,  13,378. 
Berwickshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.  See  Berwick. 
Ber'wyn,  formerly  Reese'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  manufactures  of  flour,  brick,  carpets,  &o., 
and  2  newspaper  oflBces.  Pop.  about  600. 
Berytus,  the  Latin  name  of  Betroot. 
Berzelia,  ber-zeel'ya,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Berzocana  de  San  Fulgencio,  bdR-tho-k&'n&  di 
sin  fool-H5n'the-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Logrosan.     Pop.  1452. 

Besalu,  b4-s5,-loo',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  1400. 

Besan^on,  beh-zfiijo^s6>"o'  (anc.  Veaon'tio),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Doubs,  50  miles  E.  of 
Dijon,  on  the  Doubs,  and  on  the  Canal  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  It  is  a  strongly  fortified 
city,  and  is  well  built.  The  chief  edifices  are  a  Gothic  cathe- 
dral, court-house,  town  hall,  college,  arsenal,  hospital,  bar- 
racks, theatre,  public  library,  and  museum.  There  are 
many  Roman  antiquities,  comprising  a  triumphal  arch 
and  the  remains  of  an  aqueduct  and  amphitheatre.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  an  acadSmie  univerai- 
taire,  diocesan  school,  academy  of  sciences  and  arts,  schools 
of  artillery  and  medicine,  and  deaf  and  dumb  institutions. 
It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  manufacture  of  watches, 
jewelry,  artificial  flowers,  porcelain,  druggets,  carpets,  and 
iron  wire,  and  has  large  breweries.  It  has  a  large  trade. 
This  city  is  very  ancient,  and  was  a  fortified  place  in  the 
time  of  CsBsar.  It  was  ceded  to  Spain  by  the  peace  of 
Westphalia.  It  was  twice  taken  by  Louis  XIV.,  and  was 
united  to  France  in  1678.     Pop,  in  1891,  48,287. 

Besborough  (b4s'bur-ruh)  Island,  Alaska,  is  in 
Norton  Sound,  about  lat.  64°  6'  N.,  Ion.  161°  10'  W. 

Bes'emer's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Ithaca  <fc  Elmira  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 
Bes'et,  a  station  in  Ford  co..  111.,  on  the  Gilman,  Clin- 
ton &  Springfield  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Gilman. 

Beshek,  bi-shek',  or  Betschik,  bit-shik'  (anc.  Bolhe), 
a  lake  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  a  little  E.  of  the  Gulf  of 
Orphano,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Salonica.  Length,  about  14 
miles ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Beshetsk,  bi^shgtsk',  or  Bjeshetsk,  b'yi^shStsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tver. 
Pop.  4621. 

Beshika,  Bechika,  besh'^-ki,  or  Bes'ika,abay  or 
roadstead,  between  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor  and  the  N.  end 
of  the  isle  of  Tenedos. 

Besidiae,  the  ancient  name  of  Bisignano. 
Besigheim,  b4'slG-hime\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Neckar  and  the  Enz,  on  a  railway,  15 
miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2364. 

Besika  Bay,  Asia  Minor.    See  Beshika. 
Besni,  bfis'nee  (anc.  Niauaf),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Someisat.     Pop.  10,000. 

Besoeki,  a  town  and  province  of  Java.     See  Bezoeki. 


Bessan,  bfis-siNo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  H6- 
rault,  11  miles  E.  of  B6ziers,  on  the  H6rault.     Pop.  2537. 

Bessarabia,  b5s-sa-ri'be-a  or  bSs-si-ri'be-i,  a  govern- 
ment of  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  government  of  Kherson, 
N.E.  and  N.  by  Podolia,  W.  by  the  Pruth,  and  S.  by  the  Dan- 
ube and  Black  Sea.  Area,  18,297  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  uniformly  low  and  flat,  except  in  the  N.,  where  it  ia 
traversed  by  some  of  the  contreforts  of  the  Carpathians ;  the 
climate  is  healthy,  and  the  soil  very  fertile.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Pruth  on  the  W.  and  the  Dniester  on  the  E. 
frontier.  Wheat,  barley,  maize,  millet,  tobacco,  hemp,  and 
flax  are  raised,  as  well  as  all  kinds  of  fruit,  and  wines  of 
good  quality ;  but  the  greater  proportion  of  profitable  land 
is  in  pasturage.  The  manufactures  are  nearly  confined  tc 
soap,  leather,  candles,  and  spirituous  liquors.  The  princi- 
pal exports  are  wool,  cattle,  tallow,  salt,  and  cheese.  Tht 
chief  towns  are  Kishenev,  Bender,  Akerman,  Ismail,  and 
Kilia.  Bessarabia  was  ceded  by  Turkey  to  Russia  in  1812; 
by  the  peace  of  1856  a  portion  was  united  to  Roumatiia; 
but  this  was  reclaimed  by  Russia  in  1878.  Pop.  1,348,932. 
Bessasstadir,  bSs-s&s-t&'deer  ?,  or  Bessestad,  bSs'- 
s§s-tid\  a  small  town  of  Iceland,  on  the  sea-coast,  S.W.  of 
Reikiavik,  with  a  gymnasium  and  a  library. 

Besit'enier,  a  city  and  railroad  centre  of  Jefferson  co., 
Ala.,  1 5  miles  S.VV.  of  Birmingham.  It  contains  6  churches, 
2  banks,  extensive  blast-furnaces,  a  large  rolling-mill,  (500 
hands),  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a  planing-mill,  Ac. 
The  town  is  supplied  with  water  by  the  Holly  system. 
Three  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  4544. 
Bessemer,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Gogebic  co.,  Mich., 
In  an  iron-mining  district,  near  Lake  Superior,  46  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Ashland,  Wis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  ofiices.     Pop.  2566. 

Bessemer,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connells- 
ville  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Bcssenay,  bis's^h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  RhSne,  13  miles  W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  2100. 

Bess6-8ur-Braye,b4s*si'-sUR-bri,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Sarthe,  6  miles  S.  of  St.-Calais.     Pop.  2156. 

Bessines,  bfis^seen',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Vienne, 
on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  2701. 

Bessungen,  bis-soong'^n,  a  southern  suburb  of  the 
city  of  Darmstadt,  in  Hesse,  Germany.     Pop.  5795. 

Bess'vilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  125  miles  S. 
of  St.  Louis. 

Best,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in  Washington 
township,  on  the  Berks  &,  Lehigh  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Slatington.     It  has  a  church. 

Best  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  1^  miles  from  Gasconade  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 
Bestieros,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Tondella. 
Best'land,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 
Best's,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goldsborough. 
Besuki,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Bezoeki. 
Besulpore,  a  town  of  India.     See  Beesulpoor. 
Besztercze-Banya,  Hungary.   See  Neusohl. 
Be'ta,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  about  30  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Bet'aghstown  (vulgar,  Bettyatown),  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Meath,  on  the  coast,  3  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Drogheda. 

Betaisor,  bi-ti-sore',  a  town  and  place  of  pilgrimage  in 
British  India,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Agra,  on  the  Jumna.  Near 
it  are  remains  of  an  ancient  Hindoo  city. 

Betanzos,  bi-t&n'thoce  (anc.  Fla'vium  Brigan'tium), 
a  town  of  Spain,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Corunna,  on  the  river  of 
the  same  name,  near  the  Bay  of  Betanzos.     Pop.  5832. 
Betchuannas,  a  nation  of  Africa.     See  Bechuanas. 
Beteta,  bi-t4'ti,  a  village  of  Spain,  48  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cuenca.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1100. 

Bethab'ara,  a  Moravian  village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C., 
5  miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

BeHhal'tO,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Alton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  printing-office,  and  2 
flour-mills.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Betha'nia,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Salem,  and  about  40  miles  N.  of  Salisbury,  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Bethany,  beth'a-ne  (Arab.  El-Azireeh  or  Lazareeyeh), 
a  village  of  Palestine,  on  the  E.  slope  of  the  Mount  of 
Olives,  2  miles  E.  of  Jerusalem.  It  is  now  a  poor  place, 
inhabited  by  some  20  families.     The  inhabitants  show  thi 


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639 


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pretended  sites  of  the  houses  of  Laiarus,  of  Martha,  of 
Sinun  the  leper,  and  of  Mary  Magdalene.  The  alleged 
tomb  of  Lazarus,  a  large  excavation  in  the  rock,  is  also 

{tointed  out.  Of  Bethphage,  a  village  formerly  a  little 
arther  £.,  no  trace  exists. 

Beth'any,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  oo.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Carrollton. 

Bethany,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  77 
miles  by  rail,  or  about  40  miles  direct,  E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  several  stores. 

Bethany,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
about  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Haven,  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Naugatuck  River.     It  has  .3  churches.     Pop.  1135. 

Bethany,  a  post- village  of  Moultrie  co.,  111.,  23  miles 

by  rail  N.W.  of  Mattoon.     It  has  4  churches,  manufac- 

^m     tures  of  flour,  tile,  and  brick,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 

^P     office.     Pop.  900.     Bethany  is  also  the  name  of  a  hamlet 

in  Christian  co.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh  Station. 

Bethany,  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.    See  South  Bethany. 

Bethany,  a  hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Bethany,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kan.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Solomon  River,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Bethany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Owenton.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Caddo  parish,  La.,  6  miles 
from  Greenwood  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bethany,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1063. 

Bethany,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co..  Mo., 
in  Bethany  township,  and  on  Big  Creek,  about  62  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  about  1200 ;  of  town- 
ship, 2460. 

Bethany,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  at  Holmdel 
Station  on  the  New  York  <fc  Long  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  South  Amboy. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Beth- 
any township,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  2  or  3  stores.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Linden,  and  has  5  churches  and 
a  population  of  1573. 

Bethany,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Bethany,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  506. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  ahout  10  miles  E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  98. 

Bethany,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  oo.,  Pa.,  3  or  4 
miles  N.  of  Honesdale.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  202. 

Bethany  (Tarr's  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  in  East  Huntingdon  township,  on  the  South- 
west Pennsylvania  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Greens- 
burg.  It  has  a  church,  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill,  a  coal-mine, 
and  about  40  houses. 

Bethany,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
15  miles  N.PL  of  Wheeling,  and  6  miles  E.  of  the  Ohio 
River.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Bethany  College 
(Christian),  which  was  founded  in  1841  by  Alexander 
Campbell,  and  has  9  professors  and  about  125  students. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Hope.  It  has  a  weekly 
newspaper  and  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bethany  Church,  a  hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Statesville.    It  hiis  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Bethayres,  beth^airz',  a  post-village  in  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  New  York  division  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Reading  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Newtown  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  nbout  300. 

Bethel,  bSth'el  (Arab.  Beiteen  or  Beitin,  b&Heen'),  a 
ruined  town  of  Palestine,  10  miles  N.  of  Jerusalem,  Its 
remains  consist  of  many  ruined  churches  and  a  large  reser- 
voir, the  whole  covering  three  or  four  acres  on  a  hill-summit. 

Beth'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in  Bethel 
township,  and  on  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dan- 
bury,  and  about  28  miles  W.  by  N.  from  New  Haven.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  hnts,  boots,  shoes,  tin- ware,  and  bandboxes.  Pop. 
of  the  village  in  1890,  2335;  of  the  township,  3401. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  about  5  miles 

S.  of  Seaford  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Laurel.     It  contains  2 

churches  and  several  stores.     Ship-building  is  carried  on 

here.     Pop.  400. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  111.,  in  Bethel 


township,  1  mile  from  Chapin  Station,  and  11  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1468. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  581. 

Bethel,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  m  Franklin 
township,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles 
W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S.E 
of  Carlisle,  and  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  hn." 
3  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores  and  other  busi 
ness  concerns.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Bethel 
township,  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 
It  contains  an  academy,  a  savings-bank,  several  churches, 
and  a  superior  hotel.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber, 
leather,  starch,  &c.  It  is  surrounded  by  fine  mountain 
scenery.     The  township  has  6  churches.     Pop.  2286. 

Bethel,  a  post-township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  about  65 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.     Pop.  1348. 

Bethel,  a  post-office  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in  Bethel 
township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  310. 

Bethel,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  on  North 
River,  5  miles  N.  of  Shelby ville,  and  about  38  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Hannibal.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  Bethel  township,  1224. 

Bethel,  a  village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Little  Falls.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  one  church.  Pop.  75. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bethel 
township,  10  miles  from  Cochecton  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  50  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Newburg.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  contains  villages  named  Mongaup  Valley  and 
White  Lake.     Butter  is  its  staple  product.     Pop.  2674. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1095. 

Bethel,  atownship  of  Perquimans  CO.,  N.C.  Pop.  1128. 
The  hamlet  of  Bethel,  5  miles  S.  of  Hertford,  has  a  church 
and  2  mills. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C,  14  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Tarborough.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Bethel,  a  post- village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Tate  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati,  and  11  miles 
from  New  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, a  brush-factory,  a  cigar-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  634. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  1801.  It 
contains  Brandt  and  Charleston. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1284.  It 
contains  Lebanon  and  Masterton. 

Bethel,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  See  Haunsburo. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  10  or  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bethel,  a  post-township  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Reading.  It  comprises  part  of  the  Kit- 
tatinny  Mountain.     Pop.  2285. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  554. 
It  contains  Booth's  Corner  and  Chelsea,  and  has  2  churches. 
Clayton,  Del.,  3  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  station. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  861. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Lebanon  CO.,  Pa.  Pop. 2272.  It 
contains  Fredericksburg. 

Bethel,  a  borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Shenango 
township,  7  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sharpsburg.  It  has  a  steam 
grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  coal-hoisting 
works.     Coal  abounds  here.     Here  is  Wheeler  Post-Office. 

Bethel,  a  hamlet  in  Hopkinton  township,  Washington 
CO.,  R.I.,  is  i  mile  from  Ashaway  village,  and  has  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  60. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  S.C,  about  8  miles 
N.  of  Yorkville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilesco.,Tenn.,  about  45  miles 
S.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Bethel,  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.    See  Bethel  Springs. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  about  {0 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Palestine. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Bethel 
township,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  ivory  buttons,  flour, 
and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1817. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  m'lai 
S.  of  Princeton. 


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Bethel  Academy,  a  post-ofl5ce  and  academy  of  Fau- 
quier CO.,  Va.,  4  miles  from  Warrenton. 

Bethel  Church,  Claiborne  co.,  Miss.,  is  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Port  Gibson.     Here  is  a  church. 

Bethel  College.     See  Mackenzie,  Tenn. 

Bethel  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
in  Ira  township,  2^  miles  from  Ira  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  dairy  products. 

Bethel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  from  South  Boston,  Va.     It  has  an  academy. 

Bethel  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Union  parish,  La.,  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a 
tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bethel  Springs,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Bethel  Station,  23  miles 
N.  of  Corinth,  Miss.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school  or 
academy,  lumber-yard,  2  steam  gins,  2  horse-power  gins, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bethel  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  48  miles  N.E.  of 
Newburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bethes'da,  a  town  of  Brecknockshire,  Wales,  4  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  slate-works.     Pop.  6297. 

Bethes'da,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Bethesda,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  at  Burr's 
Mill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bethesda,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Mar- 
tic  township,  2i  miles  from  McCall's  Ferry,  which  is  on  the 
Susquehanna  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Bethesda,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  767. 

Bethesda,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2997. 

Bethesda,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  from  Thompson  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Bethgelert,  a  parish  of  Wales.    See  Beddoelart. 

Beth-Ho'ron,  Uppek  and  Lower  (Arab.  Beiioor-el- 
Foka,  biHooR'-el-fo'ki,  and  Beitoor-el-  Tuhta,  b4HooR'-el- 
tin'ti),  two  villages  of  Palestine,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Jerusa- 
lem. In  the  former  are  some  traces  of  ancient  walls,  a 
reservoir,  &c.,  and  between  the  two  villages  is  a  pass,  down 
which  Joshua  drove  the  Amorite  kings  (Joshua  x.  1-11), 
and  through  which  has  always  been  the  main  route  for 
heavy  transport  between  Jerusalem  and  the  coast. 

Beth'ia,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  767. 

Bethlehem,  bSth'le-hem  {Beit-el- Lehm,  the  "  house  of 
bread"),  a  city  of  Palestine,  memorable  as  the  birthplace 
of  the  Founder  of  Christianity.  It  stands  5^  miles  S.W. 
of  Jerusalem.  Its  people  are  nearly  all  Christians,  who 
have  successfully  resisted  Turkish  oppression.  It  is  a  large, 
straggling  village,  with  one  broad  street,  at  the  extremity 
of  which  there  is  a  magnificent  church,  erected  in  the  fourth 
century  by  the  Empress  Helena,  over  the  site  (the  "  Grotto 
of  the  Nativity")  traditionally  celebrated  for  the  birth  of 
the  Saviour,  and  attached  to  which  are  large  convents,  be- 
longing to  Roman  Catholics,  Greeks,  and  Armenians.  All 
around  are  a  multitude  of  chapels,  erected  as  memorials  of 
events  commemorated  in  sacred  history,  and  numerous  res- 
ervoirs and  springs  to  which  sacred  traditions  are  attached. 
On  the  W.  side  of  the  town  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient 
aqueduct  which  conveyed  water  to  Jerusalem  from  several 
pools  near  Bethlehem.  The  country  around  is  extremely 
fruitful,  to  which  circumstance,  doubtless,  the  town  origi- 
nally owed  its  name.     Pop.  3000. 

Beth'lehem,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  750. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  993. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  18  miles  below  Madison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  50.     Pop.  of  Bethlehem  township,  763. 

Bethlehem,  former  name  of  Carmel,  Hamilton  co.,  Ind. 

Bethlehem,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Bethlehem,  a  station  in  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Paducah  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  Here 
is  St.  John  Post-OfiBce. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
8cbool,  and  several  stores,  <fec.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  7  miles 
from  Easton,and  2  miles  from  the  Choptank.  It  has  a  church. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Ammonoosuc  River,  3  miles 
from  Bethlehem  Station  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Mon- 
treal Railroad  (Mt.  Washington  Branch),  124  miles  N.  of 


Concord,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Mt.  Washington.  It  has  a 
superior  hotel,  the  Sinclair  House,  and  several  large  board 
ing-houses.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1267. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  (Valley  Station),  about 
12  miles  from  Easton,  Pa.  The  township  has  5  churches. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Bloomsbury.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 2308. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
3763.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Albany,  See  Beth- 
lehem Centre.  Bethlehem  Station  is  on  the  Athens  k 
Schenectady  Railroad,  22  miles  from  Schenectady. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop. 
850.     It  contains  Warsaw. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  2148. 
It  contains  Navarre. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  of 
Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Lehigh  River,  and  in  Bethlehem  township,  5  miles 
E.  of  Allentown,  55  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Easton.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  North  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  and  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad. 
The  Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad  extends  from  this  place 
northward.  It  was  founded  by  the  Moravians  in  1741,  and 
has  a  school  called  Moravian  Seminary  for  Young  Ladies, 
and  a  Moravian  theological  seminary.  One  daily,  and  1 
weekly  newspaper,  and  a  monthly  Moravian  periodical  in 
German,  are  published  here.  Bethlehem  has  2  national 
banks,  13  churches,  and  several  breweries,  tanneries,  and 
mills.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  this  town  with 
South  Bethlehem,  the  seat  of  Lehigh  University  (Protestant 
Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1866  by  Asa  Packer,  who 
gave  it  an  endowment  of  $500,000.  In  the  vicinity  are 
zinc-works,  iron-furnaces,  rolling-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
6762;  including  South  Bethlehem,  17,064. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Florence  co.,  S.C,  22 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Sumter. 

Bethlehem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Bethlehem  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

Bethlehem  Hollow,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  is  at  Beth- 
lehem Station.     See  Bethlehem. 

Beth'nal  Green,  an  Eastern  suburb  of  London,  co. 
of  Middlesex,  England.     Pop.  120,104. 

Beth'page,  a  post-office  of  McDonald  co.j  Mo. 

Bethjiage,  a  village  in  Oyster  Bay  township,  Queent 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Central  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.E.  fi-om  Long  Island  City.    It  has  manufactures  of  brick. 

Bethpage,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
tobacco-factory. 

Bethpage  Junction,  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  29  miles  from  Long  Island  City,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Bethpage  Branch. 

Bethsaida  (bSth-s^'i-da)  of  Galilee,  an  ancienttown 
of  Palestine,  which  probably  stood  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Tiberias ;  but  its  site  is  undetermined. 

ISethsaida  of  Gauloni'tis  (afterwards  Ju'liaa)  was 
on  the  N.E.  side  of  Lake  Tiberias,  21  miles  S.  of  Paueas; 
it  is  now  wholly  in  ruins. 

Bethshan,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Beisan. 

Beth-She'mesh,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  the 
remains  of  which  are  supposed  by  Robinson  to  be  at  Ain 
iS/iavis,  a  village  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jerusalem,  where  are 
extensive  ancient  ruins. 

Bethune,  bS,Hlin',  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  France, 
department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Arras.  It  has  a  castle,  college,  Gothic  church, 
and  commerce  in  cheese,  grain,  oil,  and  lint.     Pop.  4594. 

Bet'ick,  in  Central  Asia,  is  an  important  ferry  across 
the  Amoo-Darya,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Bokhara.  The  river 
here  is  650  yards  across  and  from  25  to  29  feet  in  depth. 

Betisbooka,  or  Betisbouka,  bd-tis-boo'ki,  a  con- 
siderable river  of  Madagascar,  enters  Mozambique  Channel 
(Bembatooka  Bay)  on  its  N.W.  coast.  About  15  miles  from 
its  mouth  it  enlarges  into  a  gulf  with  numerous  islands. 

Betlis,  or  Bedlis,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Bitlis. 

Betluga,  or  Betlouga.     See  Vetlooga. 

Betogabra,  a  city  of  Palestine.    See  ELEUTHEnopoLis 

Betsiamites,  b5t'se-i'meet',  or  Bersimis,  bfiR^se^- 
mce',  a  river  in  Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  falls  into  the  estuary 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  200  miles  below  Quebec.  At  its  mouth 
are  great  deposits  of  black  iron-sand.  The  Betsiamites  pro- 
duces very  large  salmon.     See  Beksimis. 

Bettemburg,  bfit'tfim-bQRg',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Luxemburg 
Pop.  1210. 


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Bettendorf,  bfit't^n-doRf,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
l»nds,  in  Luxemburg,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Diekirch.    Pop.  1100. 

Bettenhausen,  bfit't^n-how'z^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Nieder-Hessen,  on  the  Losse.     Pop.  1103. 

Bettenhausen,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinin- 
gen,  on  the  Herpf,  near  Meiningen.     Pop.  804. 

Bet'terton,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Kent  co., 
Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  4i  miles  from  Still  Pond  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Bettiah,  b^t-tee'a,  a  town  of  India,  Chumparun  district, 
Bengal,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Patna.  It  is  the  residence  of 
the  Maharajah  of  Bettiah,  and  has  a  Catholic  mission  and  a 
dispensary.     Pop.  19,708. 

Bet'tieville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  2i  miles 
irom  Woodstock  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bettlern,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Zebrak. 

Betts'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
from  Afton. 

Bettschwanden,  bfitch'w4n-d§n,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, 7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  231. 

Betts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  TiflSn  <fc  Eastern  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Tiffin,  and  33  miles  from  Toledo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.     Pop.  500. 

Betwah,  bfit'wi,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  rises  in  the  Vind- 
hyan  Mountains,  Bhopaul,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  and,  after  a 
total  course  of  360  miles,  joins  the  Jumna,  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Kalpee. 

Betul,  a  district  and  town  of  India.     See  Baitool. 

Betulletum,  the  Latin  name  of  La  Biolle. 

Beulah,  bu'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Opelika.  ' 

Beulah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
McGregor. 

Beulah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Sheridan  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pkiver,  Fort  Scott  <fc 
Gulf  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  about  100. 

Beulah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  about 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Easton. 

Beulah,  post-village  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss.,  5  miles  from 
Riverton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  jail. 

ISeulah,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1105. 

Beulah,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  French 
Broad  River. 

Beulah,  G»ochland  co.,  Va.     See  Bula. 

Beulah,  a  post-office  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va. 

Beulahville,  a  post-office  of  King  William  co.,  Va. 

Beulaville,  bu'la-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co., 
N.C,  in  Limestone  township,  17  miles  froni  Magnolia. 

Beusichem,  bo'ze-KSm^,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Thiel.     Pop.  1731. 

BeuteIsbach,boi't§ls-b3,K\a  town  of  Wlirtemberg,  on 
the  Beutel,  10  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1377. 

Beuthen,  boi't^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  50  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Oppeln,  near  the  Polish  frontier.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  glass,  earthenwares,  and 
zinc-wares.     Pop.  15,710. 

Beuthen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  and 
on  a  railway,  13  miles  W.N.W,  of  Glogau.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cloths  and  straw  hats.     Pop.  3826. 

Beuzeville,  buzVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  7 
miles  W.of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  2455. 

Bevagna,  bi-vin'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Perugia.     Pop.  481. 

Be' vans,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  7  miles  from 
Branch ville  Station. 

Bevedero,  bi-vi-di'ro,  a  considerable  lake  in  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  province  of  Mendoza,  between  lat.  32° 
45'  and  34°  17  S.,  Ion.  66°  and  66°  32'  W.  It  is  composed 
of  two  distinct  portions,  called  the  Greater  and  the  Less 
Bevedero,  connected  by  a  river-channel  about  8  miles  long. 
The  smallest,  and  most  northerly,  measures  about  22  by  15 
miles ;  and  the  larger,  40  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  from  3  to 
25  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Bev'eland  (North  and  South)  (Dutch  pron.  bi'v$- 
lint^),  two  islands  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand, 
in  the  mouth  of  the  Scheldt,  divided  westward  by  a  narrow 
channel  from  the  island  of  Waleheren.  Estimated  aggre- 
gate area,  120  square  miles.  South  Beveland  is  the  largest 
and  most  fertile,  and  has  on  it  the  town  of  Goes,  the  capital, 
and  Fort  Bath. 

Bevensen,bi'v9n-8§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  LUneburg.     Pop.  1613. 

Bevoren,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Bevebn. 


Beverley,  biv'^r-le,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
capital  of  the  East  Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  Hall  k 
Bridgewater  Railway,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hull.  The  minster, 
or  college  church,  was  founded  about  a.d.  700,  by  the  Arch* 
bishop  of  York,  St.  John  of  Beverley.  The  present  struc- 
ture is  remarkable  for  elegance  and  extent :  its  W.  front  ha« 
been  considered  the  finest  specimen  of  the  perpendicular 
Gothic  in  England.  St.  Mary's  church  is  also  a  magnificent 
structure.  The  town  has  a  very  ancient  grammar-school,  a 
blue-coat  school,  a  hospital  for  widows,  with  numerous 
other  charities,  varied  manufactures,  a  theatre,  reading- 
rooms,  a  mechanics'  institution,  and  a  fine  market-cross. 
Its  trade  is  fiicilitated  by  a  canal  communicating  with  the 
river  Hull.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  bishop.     Pop.  12,539. 

Beverley,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Delta. 

Beverloo,  biW?r-lo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Limbourg,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1140. 

Bev'erly,a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles 
from  Alma  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  steam  flouring-mill. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Beverly 
township,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  town  hall.     Pop.  of  township,  1173. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  two  churches.     Pop.  225. 

Beverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles 
from  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Essex  Co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
"North  Shore,"  and  on  a  bay  or  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Boston,  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salem,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Gloucester  and  Rockport  Branch.  It 
is  separated  from  Salem  by  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  which  is 
crossed  by  2  bridges.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  public  library  of 
11,000  volumes,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  masonic  lodge,  manu- 
factures of  shoes  and  shoe  machinery,  carriages,  morocco, 
potters'  ware,  bricks,  machinery,  and  wood  and  paper 
boxes.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  naviga- 
tion and  the  fisheries.  Beverly  owns  about  80  vessels  en- 
gaged in  the  cod-fishery.  The  township  has  11  churches. 
Pop.  of  town  in  1890,  10,821. 

Beverly,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Han* 
nibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad  (at  Round  Grove  Station),  7 
miles  E.  of  Macon. 

Beverly,  Platte  co..  Mo.    See  Beverly  Station. 

Beverly,  a  city  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River,  on  the  Amboy  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  15  miles  above  Philadelphia.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  numerous  residences  and 
cottages  of  persons  who  do  business  in  Philadelphia.  It 
has  boarding-schools  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods, 
shirts,  shoemaker-tools,  bed-springs,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1759;  in  1890,  1957.  Here  in  the  National  Cemetery  is  a 
monument  to  soldiers  who  were  killed  in  the  civil  war. 

Beverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  co.,  N.C,  6  miles  from 
Wadesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Water- 
ford  township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Marietta.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.  It  has  a  national  bank,  the  Beverly  College 
(now  used  as  an  academy),  5  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  2 
woollen-factories,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.   Pop.  814. 

Beverly,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Beverly,  a  post-village,  capit:il  of  Randolph  co.,W.Va., 
on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  about  120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charles- 
ton. It  is  situated  in  a  valley  between  two  ridges  of  moun- 
tains, and  contains  3  churches,  the  Beverly  Academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Beverly  Farms,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Beverly  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road (Gloucester  Branch),  20  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  and  6 
miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Beverly  Station,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  Jb  Pacific  Railroad,  where  it  crosses 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Leavenworth.  It  is  near  the  Missouri  River. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  railroivd 
repair-shops. 

Beveru,  bi'v^rn,  or  Beveren,  bi'v^r-^n,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Antwerp. 
Pop.  6999. 

Bevern,  bi'v^rn,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Bruns- 
wick, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Uolzminden.     Pop.  1919. 

Beverungen,bi'v?r-66ng^?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mindcu,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  1659. 

Beverwyk,  or  Beverwijk,  bVv^r-wikSatownof  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland,  7  miles  by  rail  N- 
of  Haarlem.     Pop.  3203. 


BEV 


642 


BHA 


Bevier,  b^-veer',  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Macon  co., 
Mo.,  in  Bevier  township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, 75  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Macon  City. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  chair-factory,  and  5  coal-shafts.  The 
coal-mines  of  Bevier  are  among  the  most  valuable  in  Mis- 
souri.    Pop.  833 ;  of  the  township,  1531. 

Bevilacqua,  bi-ve-lik'kwi,  a  village  of  North  Italy, 
25  miles  E.  of  Verona,  with  an  old  castle.     Pop.  1483. 

Bev'ill'8  Store,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Bev'ilport,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex.,  on  Angelina 
River,  near  its  union  with  the  Neches,  9  miles  W.  of  Jasper. 
It  has  3  warehouses,  3  stores,  and  6  dwellings. 

Bev'ington,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Crawford  township,  on  the  Indianola  &  Winterset  Branch 
Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Winterset,  and  30  miles  (by  rail) 
S.W.  of  Des  Moines.    It  has  2  elevators  for  grain,  2  stores,  &c. 

Bev'insville,  a  village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles  from 
Allensville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Be'vis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Colerain 
township,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  1 
church. 

Bevis*  Landing,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River, 
18  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0. 

Bevvdley,  bud'lee  (originally,  Beaulieu),  a  borough  of 
England,  co.  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester,  on  two 
railways,  and  on  the  Severn,  across  which  it  communicates 
with  its  suburb,  Wribbenhall,  by  a  bridge.  It  is  the  seat  of 
active  manufactures.     Pop.  3021. 

Bew'leyville,  a  post- village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
18  miles  from  Muldraugh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bex,  hk,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone,  26  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lau- 
sanne.    It  has  salt-works  and  sulphur  baths.     Pop.  2453. 

Bexar,  bi-ar'  or  bi-Har',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1180  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Medina  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Cibolo  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is 
prairie,  which  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle.  Cap- 
ital, San  Antonio.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,043 ;  in  1880,  30,470; 
in  1890,  49,266.  It  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Galveston, 
Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad. 

Bex'ar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Aberdeen,  Miss.  It  has  a  church  and  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns. 

Beyas,  a  river  of  the  Punjab.     See  Beas. 

Beyed,  bi^Sd',  a  lofty  mountain  in  Abyssinia,  kingdom 
of  Tigrg ;  lat.  13°  18'  N.,  Ion.  38°  40'  E.  It  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.     Estimated  height,  16,000  feet. 

Beyerland,  brer-14nt\  Beigerland,  or  Beyer- 
land,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  between  the  Old  Maas 
on  the  N.  and  HoUands-Diep  on  the  S.,  6  miles  S.  of  Rot- 
terdam. Among  its  villages  are  Old  Beyerland,  pop.  4750  ; 
New  Beyerland,  pop.  1350 ;  and  South  Beyerland,  pop.  1728. 
It  is  19  miles  long  and  10  broad. 

Beyhar,  an  old  province  of  India.     See  Bahar. 

Beylah,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     See  Bbla. 

Beylen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Beilen. 

Beypasha,  a  river  of  India.    See  Beas. 

Beyra,  a  province  of  Portugal.     See  Beira. 

Beyroot,  Beyrout,  Beiront,  bi'root,  or  Bairut 
(Turk.  pron.  bi'root^ ;  that  of  the  Arabs  corresponds  with 
the  first;  Gr.  Bripurds ;  L.  Bery'tus),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria, 
on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  57  miles  W.N.W.  of  Da- 
mascus, and  3  miles  S.  of  Cape  Beyroot,  which  is  in  lat.  33° 
50'  N.,  Ion.  35°  26'  E.  Its  walls  are  about  3  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, outside  of  which  are  suburbs  equalling  the  town 
in  extent.  It  has  some  large  and  well-supplied  bazaars,  a 
Protestant  college  for  natives,  a  fine  new  aqueduct,  affording 
a  copious  water-supply,  and  several  mission -schools  and 
convents^  Streets  narrow,  but  clean,  it  being  plentifully 
furnished  with  springs ;  and  it  is  said  to  have  derived  its 
original  name  from  the  Phoenician  deity  Baal  Beerith,  "  lord 
of  wells."  Along  the  shore  are  some  remains  of  antiquity, 
comprising  mosaic  pavements,  columns,  and  a  thick  wall. 
The  harbor,  protected  by  a  mole,  is  adapted  only  for  small 
boats ;  but  in  the  bay  beyond  it  ships  may  anchor  in  from 
6  to  11  fathoms,  and  appropriations  have  been  made  for  a 
new  artificial  port.  The  town  has  important  manufactures 
of  silk  stuffs,  and  also  of  gold  and  silver  thread.  Much 
raw  silk  is  produced  from  the  silk-worms  raised  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity.  Principal  exports,  silk,  galls,  madder, 
gums,  paints,  grain,  rags,  wool,  sponges,  oil-seeds,  skins, 
and  oils;  imports,  muslins,  cottons,  tin,  hardware,  cloths, 
and  manufactures  of  Europe.  Beyroot  has  a  very  hetero- 
geneous population,  derived  from  nearly  all  the  nations  of 
the  Levant.     No  town  in  Syria  can  compare  with  it  in  re- 


cent growth.     Its  population  in  1840  was  about  15,000,  bat 
at  present  is  estimated  at  from  75,000  to  100,000. 

Bey-Sheher,  Asia  Minor.    See  Beg-Sheher. 

Bezdan,  bSzMin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  on 
the  Danube,  20  miles  below  Mohacz.  A  canal  gives  it 
steamboat  communication  with  the  Tbeiss.     Pop.  7573. 

Bezghina,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Novofedorovka. 

Beziers,  bi^ze-i'  (anc.  Beeter'rte),  a  city  of  France,  de- 
partment of  H6rault,  on  the  Orb,  and  on  several  railways, 
44  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.  It  is  built  in  a  delightful 
situation,  is  remarkable  for  the  salubrity  of  its  climate, 
and  has  a  Gothic  church,  a  college,  cavalry  barracks,  an 
aqueduct  of  Roman  origin  and  ruins  of  a  Roman  amphi- 
theatre, a  public  library,  tribunal  of  commerce,  agricultural 
society,  and  manufactures  of  silk,  hosiery,  glass,  parchment, 
gloves,  verdigris,  and  confectionery,  with  tanneries,  and 
extensive  brandy-distilleries ;  and  it  is  the  centre  of  a  con- 
siderable trade.  In  1209  this  city  was  the  scene  of  a  bar- 
barous massacre  of  the  Albigenses.     Pop.  in  1891,  42,694. 

Bezoeki,  or  Bezuki,  b^-zoo'kee,  a  province  of  Java, 
occupying  the  whole  E.  end  of  that  island.  It  is  volcanic 
and  mountainous.     Pop.  318,478. 

Bezoeki,  or  Bezuki,  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the 
above  province,  on  the  Strait  of  Madura,  89  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Soerabaya.     It  has  a  good  trade. 

Bezons,  b§h-z6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  9  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Seine.     Pop.  1237. 

Bezora,  bi-zo'ri,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Madras, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Masulipatam,  on  the  Kistnah.  There  are 
iere  a  mosque  and  numerous  Hindoo  temples. 

Bhabua,  b'hS,^boo'&',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad* 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Bux^r.     Pop.  5071. 

Bhadrakh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Buddruck. 

BhadresAVar,  b'h4d-r5s-war',  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the 
Hoogly,  about  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  7417. 

Bhadrinath,  b'hft,d-rin-S,t'h',  a  town  of  North  Hindo- 
stan,  Gurhwal,  in  a  valley  of  the  Himalayas,  80  miles  N. 
of  Almora,  10,294  feet  above  the  sea,  and  remarkable  for  a 
temple  which  is  visited  annually  by  a  great  number  of 
Hindoo  pilgrims. 

Bhadrinath,  a  peak  of  the  Himalayas,  17  miles  W.  of 
the  above  town,  and  23,441  feet  in  height.  Lat.  30°  42' 
N.:  Ion.  79°  15'  E. 

B'hag,  Bagh,  or  Bhaugh,  b'hig  or  bio,  a  town  of 
Beloochistan,  province  of^utch-Gundava,  at  the  S.  entrance 
of  the  Bolan  pass,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Shikarpoor  (in  Sinde). 
Lat.  28°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  54'  E.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Bhagal,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bagul. 

Bhagalpur,  in  India.     See  Boglipoor. 

Bhagirathi,  b'hi-ghe-ri'tee,  two  rivers  of  India:  (1) 
one  of  the  principal  head-streams  of  the  Ganges ;  (2)  an 
important  outlet  of  the  Ganges,  flows  past  Moorshedabad 
and  Berhampoor,  and  at  Nuddea  takes  the  name  of  Hoogly 
(which  see).  In  its  upper  course  it  becomes  shallow  in  the 
dry  season,  but  it  is  a  very  important  channel  of  trade. 

Bhagwango'la,  or  BogwangoMa,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, on  an  old  bed  of  the  Ganges,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Moor- 
shedabad, is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.  New  Bhagwangola, 
or  Alatali,  5  miles  northeastward,  on  the  new  bed  of  the 
Ganges,  is  a  great  mart  for  indigo-seed  and  country  produce, 
the  old  town  being  reached  by  boats  at  high  water  only. 
Pop.  about  4000. 

Bhamo,  b'hi'mo',  or  Bhanmo,  b'hS,n^mo',  a  town 
of  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  40  miles  AV.  of  the  Chinese 
frontier,  and  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ava.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
stockade,  and  better  built  than  most  Burmese  towns.  It 
comprises  500  houses,  inhabited  by  Chinese  and  Shans. 
Woollen,  cotton,  and  silk  goods  are  imported  from  China  by 
winter  caravans;  and  the  Shan  tribes,  who  resort  to  the 
town,  exchange  their  native  products  for  salt,  rice,  and 
gnapee  (a  sauce  made  of  dried  fish).  Old  Bhamo,  the 
original  Shan  town,  is  two  days'  journey  farther  up  the 
Tapan,  the  nearest  tributary  of  the  Irrawaddy. 

Bhandara,  a  district  of  India.    See  Bhundara. 

Bhandere,  b'han-deer',  a  town  of  the  Jhansi  district. 
North-West  Provinces,  India.     Pop.  7518. 

Bhangi-Keel,  b'hin'jee-keel,  a  town  of  the  Bunnoo 
district,  Punjab,  British  India.     Pop.  5339. 

Bhanpoora,  b'hin-poo'ri,  a  walled  town  of  India,  in 
Indore,  38  miles  E.  of  Neemutch,  on  the  Rewah.  It  has  a 
fort  and  palace  of  the  Holkar.     Pop.  20,000. 

Bharahut,  or  Bharahat,  b'ha,-r&-hut',  a  ruined  city 
of  India,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Allahabad.  Here  are  inter- 
esting remains  of  the  Booddhist  period. 

Bharaich,  b'hi-raitch',  a  district  of  India,  province 
of  Oude,  lat.  28°  23'-27°  4'  N,,  Ion.  82°  11'- 81°  9'  E 
Area,  2398  square  miles.    Its  centre  is  occupied  bv  a  plateau, 


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a  spur  of  the  sub-Himalaya,  at  the  foot  of  which  is  a 
marshy  tract.     Capital,  Bharaich.      Pop.  774,640. 

Bharaich,  or  Baraitche,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
above,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Goggra,  62  miles  N.E.  of  Luck- 
now,  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity.  It  has  manufactures  of 
fire-works  and  native  cloth.     Pop.  18,889. 

Bharko,  b'har'ko,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district. 
Pop.  3046. 

Bhartpur,  or  Bharatpura,  India.    See  Bhurtpoor. 

Bhat^gongS  Bhatgaon,  b'hit*gj,-6n',  or  Dhar^- 
mapatan',  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul,  lat.  27°  37'  N., 
Ion.  85°  22'  E.,  9  miles  E.  of  Khatmandoo.  It  is  a  great 
resort  for  Brahmans,  and  is  reported  to  have  many  Sanscrit 
libraries.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Bhatneer,  bit'neer',  or  Bhutneer,  but^neer',  called 
also  Bhatniar  and  Bhutnair,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bick- 
aneer,  185  miles  W.N.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  29°  36'  N.;  Ion.  74° 
12'  E.  It  is  in  a  desert  country,  and  was  once  the  capital 
of  the  Bhatty  people,  a  race  of  Mohammedan  nomads. 

Bhattiana,  b'hitHee-i'ni,  or  Sirsa,  seer'si,  a  region 
which  was  formerly  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  India,  now  a 
part  of  the  Hissar  division.  Area,  3121  square  miles.  Its 
people  are  largely  of  the  Bhatty  race.  Chief  town,  Sirsa. 
Pop.  about  225,000. 

Bhaug,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     See  B'hag. 

Bhaugulpoor,  in  India.     See  Boglipoor. 

Bhavaneswara,  the  ancient  name  of  Bhobaneser. 

Bhavaui-Kudal,  b'hi-vi'ne-koo-dil',  a  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  presidency  of  Madras,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Coimba- 
toor,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bhavani  and  Cavery  Rivers. 
Here  are  famous  temples  of  Vishnu  and  Siva. 

Bhawan,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhuwun. 

Bhawanipoor,  b'h4-win-e-poor',  a  town  of  India,  a 
few  miles  S.E.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  several  mission  schools, 
a  college,  and  a  lunatic  asylum  for  Europeans. 

Bhawarah,b'h3,-wi'r&,  a  village  of  India,  Durbungah 
district,  Bengal,  i  mile  S.  of  Mudhoobunee.     Pop.  2804. 

Bhawlpoor,  b'hawrpoor'  or  bawrpoor',  written  also 
Bhawalpur,  Bahawalpoor,  and  Da^odapoo'ra,  a 
native  state  of  India,  feudal  to  the  British.  Lat.  27°  41'-30° 
25'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  30'-73°  68'  E.  Area,  22,000  square  miles. 
Length,  310  miles;  greatest  breadth,  110  miles.  It  is  level, 
and  in  part  a  desert,  less  than  one-fifth  being  arable.  Cap- 
ital, Bhawlpoor.     Pop.  472,791,  chiefly  Mohammedans. 

Bhawlpoor,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Ghara,  and  on  a  railway,  70  miles  S.  of  Mooltan,  and 
140  miles  N.W.  of  Bickaneer.  Lat.  29°  26' N.;  Ion.  71°  37' E. 
Pop.  about  20,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  gardens  and  by  a  mud 
wall  4  miles  in  circumference.  The  houses  are  meanly  con- 
structed of  brick,  and  the  khan's  residence  is  a  very  plain 
building.  Hindoo  weavers  are  numerous.  Bhawlpoor  is 
famous  for  its  scarfs  and  turbans,  manufactured  by  Hin- 
doos ;  and  chintzes  and  other  cotton  goods  are  woven  here. 

Bheels,  beelz,  a  race  of  mountaineers  of  Hindostan, 
inhabiting  the  mountains  of  Candeish  and  the  country  along 
the  Nerbudda  from  the  plains  of  Newaur  to  those  of  Guze- 
rat.  They  diS"er  from  the  other  natives  in  appearance  and 
manners,  are  small,  have  dark  complexions,  go  almost  in  a 
state  of  nudity,  and  are  constantly  armed  with  bows  and 
arrows.  They  are  very  brave  and  warlike,  and  since  the 
organization  of  the  Bheel  Corps  by  the  Indian  government 
they  have  abandoned  predatory  habits  and  are  becoming 
cultivators  of  the  ground. 

Bheer,  b'heer,  a  town  of  India,  in  Decoan,  Nizam's  do- 
minion, 70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aurungabad. 

Bhe'rah)  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Shahpoor,  on  the  Jhylum.     Pop.  14,614. 

Bhewannee,  Bhiwani,  bee-w6n'nee,  or  Bowa- 
nee,  bo-w8,'nee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Rohtuk  district. 
Lat.  28°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  14'  E.     Pop.  32,254. 

Bhilsa,  a  town  of  India,     See  Bilsa. 

Bhimalaputana,  the  ancient  name  of  Bihlipatau. 

Bhimbur,  or  Bhimbara,  India.    See  Bimber. 

Bhingar,  b'hin^gar',  or  Bim^garh',  a  town  of  India, 
In  the  Ahmednuggur  district.     Pop.  5752. 

Bhiijan,  beer'jin',  Beerjoon,  beer^joon',  or  Mihr- 
jan,  meer^jin',  one  of  the  easternmost  towns  of  the  Persian 
dominion,  in  the  desert,  180  miles  S.  of  Meshed.  It  com- 
prises 4000  brick  houses,  several  caravansaries,  mosques, 
and  baths,  a  citadel,  and  a  governor's  palace.  It  has  a  local 
repute  for  the  excellence  of  its  carpets ;  but  its  inhabitants 
bear  a  bad  reputation  for  dishonesty  and  treachery. 

Bhivapoor,  b'hee-v4-poor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  43  miles  N.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  4557. 

Bhobaneser,  b'ho-bin-fis'§r,  or  Bhuvaneswar, 
b'hoo-vin-es'war  (ano.  Bhavaneawara),  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  of  Pooree.  in  Oriasa,  16  miles  S.  of  Cuttaok. 


It  has  numerous  remains  of  temples  and  sculptured  figures, 
and  a  tower  180  feet  in  height.  It  is  mostly  in  ruins,  but 
has  a  good  trade  in  rice  and  cloth,  and  is  a  place  of  piU 
griniage  for  worshippers  of  Siva. 

Bhoj^pore',  or  Bhojpur,  b'hoj^pooW,  a  town  of  th« 
Shahabad  district,  Bengal,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bux&r.  It 
is  composed  of  two  parts,  Bhojpore  Jadid  (pop.  3890),  and 
Bhojpore  Kadim  (pop.  3114),  and  is  nearly  contiguous  to 
the  larger  town  of  Dumraon. 

Bhon^gaon',  or  Bhoe^gaon',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Minpooree.    Pop.  6231. 

Bhooj,  or  Bhi\))  b'booj  or  booj,  a  strongly  fortified  eity 
of  Hindostan,  capital  of  Cutch,  and  in  a  plain  near  its  cen- 
tre, 35  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Cutch.  Lat.  23°  15'  N.  j  Ion. 
69°  52'  E.  Pop.  30,000.  Its  white  buildings,  intermixed 
with  date-groves,  render  it  externally  imposing;  and  its 
houses  are  mostly  built  within  strong,  walled  enclosures, 
each  presenting  the  appearance  of  a  separate  fort.  It  has 
a  castellated  palace  with  enamelled  domes,  numerous  tera 
pies,  a  mausoleum,  and  other  public  buildings, — the  whole 
enclosed  by  a  wall  flanked  with  towers  and  furnished  with 
artillery.  Bhooj  is  renowned  in  India  for  its  manufactures 
in  gold  and  silver.  The  fort  of  the  Bhooj  was  taken  by  the 
British  in  1819,  and  both  port  and  town  suffered  consider- 
ably from  an  earthquake  the  same  year. 

Bhopaui,  Bhopal,  or  Bopaul,  bo'pawl,  a  native 
state  of  Central  India,  in  Malwa.  Lat.  22°  32'-23°  46'  N.; 
Ion.  76°  25'-7S°  50'  E.  Length,  157  miles;  bfeadth,  76 
miles ;  area,  6764  square  miles.  It  is  uneven,  and  in  part 
mountainous,  but  is  fertile,  and  is  regarded  as  the  best  gov- 
erned native  state  in  India.  Capital,  Bhopaul.  Pop.  952,486. 
Bhopaul,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  105  miles  E. 
of  Oojein,  is  enclosed  by  a  dilapidated  stone  wall,  outside  of 
which  are  some  large  pools  and  a  fort.    Pop.  (1891)  70,338. 

Bhot,  a  Hindoo  namx,  of  Thibet. 

Bhotan,  or  Bhootan.    See  Bootan. 

Bhowanipoor,  b'ho-win-e-poor',  a  village  or  station 
of  British  India,  96  miles  W.  of  Dinagepoor.  Here  a  great 
annual  fair  is  held,  from  April  7  to  April  17,  at  which 
100,000  persons  often  assemble. 

Bhownugger,  or  Bhaonagar,  b'hSw'nflg^giir,  a 
seaport  and  native  state  of  India,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Gulf  of  Cambay,  51  miles  S.W.  of  Cambay.  Area  of  state, 
2784  square  miles.     Pop.  399,688. 

Bhugwar^  a  river  of  Beloochistan.     See  Doostee. 

Bhujee^  b'hoo'jee,  or  boo'jee,  a  petty  state  of  Hindostan, 
between  the  Sutlej  and  the  Jumna.     Pop.  9000. 

Bhundara,  or  Bhandara,  b'hiinMiVi',  a  district  of 
the  Central  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  20°-22°  N.;  Ion. 
79°-81°  E.  Area,  3922  square  miles.  It  is  largely  covered 
with  jungle,  has  many  small  lakes,  and  is  infested  by  wild 
beasts.  The  district  includes  25  little  native  tributary  states, 
whose  united  area  is  1509  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Bhun- 
dara.     Pop.  564,819. 

Bhundara,  or  Bhandara^  a  town,  the  capital  of  the 
above,  38  miles  E.  of  Nagpoor,  is  a  neat  and  healthy  place, 
and  has  a  good  local  trade.     Pop.  11,433. 

Bhurtpoor,  or  Bhartpur,  b'hurt^poor',  a  state  of 
Rajpootana,  Upper  India,  lat.  26°  48'-27°  51'  N.,  Ion,  76° 
54'_77o  49'  E. ;  is  77  miles  long  and  50  miles  broad ;  area, 
1974  square  miles.  It  is  level  and  fertile,  and  afibrds  iron. 
It  is  governed  by  a  rajah  under  British  supervision.  Cap- 
ital, Bhurtpoor.     Pop.  74.H,710,  chiefly  Jats. 

Bhurtpoor,  or  Bhartpur,  b'hiirt'poor',  written  also 
Bharatpura,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above,  33  miles  W.  of 
Agra.     Lat.  27°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  49'  E.    P.  (1891)  68,033. 

Bhutan,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Bootan. 

Bhutneer,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhatneer. 

Bhutsar,  b'hut^sar',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  4633. 

Bhuwun,  b'hooVJin',  a  town  of  the  MozuflFernuggur 
district,  North-West  Provinces,  British  India.     Pop.  8481. 

Bhuvaneswar.    See  Bhobaneser. 

Bia,  bee'6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  10  miles 
S,"W,  of  Buda,  with  a  Reformed  church.     Pop.  1900. 

Biagrasso,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Abbiategrasso. 

Biala,  be-3,'li,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  river 
Biala,  which  separates  it  from  Bielitz  (which  see).  It  is  43 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  6635. 

Biala,  or  Bialo,  a  town  of  Silesia,    See  Zulz. 

Biala,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  37 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Siedlec.     Pop.  6662. 

Bialla,  be-&l'l4,  a  small  town  of  East  Prussia,  68  miles 
S.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1637. 

Bialykaniien,  be-i'le-ki-me-5n',  a  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  6  miles  S>S.W.  of  Olesko.     Pop.  3089. 

Bialystok,  be-il'is-t6k,  Bel'o8tok,or  Bielostok, 


BIA 


644 


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yyel'58-t6k,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  52 
miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Grodno.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  fine 
park,  a  palace,  and  many  manufactures.     Pop.  40,000. 

Biana,  be-in'i,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  the  Bhurtpoor 
dominions,  54  miles  S.W.  of  Agra. 

Biancavilla,  be-S.n'ki-virii  ("  white  villa"),  a  town 
of  Sicily,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Catania,  on  the  declivity  of 
Mount  Etna.   Ex|,jrts  grain,  cotton,  and  silk.   Pop.  12,631. 

Bianco,  be-S,n'ko,  or  Bianca,  be-in'ki,  an  Italian 
word,  signifying  "white,"  and  forming  a  part  of  numerous 
names,  as  Cape  Bianco,  "  White  Cape."     See  Cape  Bianco. 

Bianco,  be-4n'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
ili  Calabria,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gerace.  Pop.  1931.  Bianco 
is  also  the  name  of  some  villages  in  Italy  and  the  Ionian 
Islands. 

Biandrate,  be-in-dri'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W. 
of  Novara.     Pop.  1386. 

Bianze,  be-ind'zA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara, 

30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3635. 

Biapina,  a  mountain  of  Brazil.     See  Ibiapaba. 

Biar,  be-an',  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Ali- 
cante, with  a  castle  and  remains  of  fortifications.   Pop.  2963. 

Bi'ardstown,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  from  Paris.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Biarritz,  be-aR^Rits',  a  maritime  village  of  France,  on 
the  Bay  of  Biscay,  in  Basses- Pyr6n6es,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Bayonne.    Pop.  4660.    It  is  a  fashionable  watering-place. 

Bias,  a  river  of  India.    See  Beas. 

Biasca,  be-&s'k&,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  9 
miles  N.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  871. 

Bibb,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cahawba  River,  which,  entering  the  county  in  the  N.,  flows 
through  it  in  a  southwesterly  direction.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
in  this  county.  The  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad 
touches  the  N.W.  part  of  it.  Capital,  Centreville.  Pop. 
in  1870.  7469;  in  1880,  9487;  in  1890,  l.S,824. 

Bibb,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  235  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which 
is  traversed  by  the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  which,  with 
the  Georgia,  the  Richmond  &  Danville,  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  <fc  Georgia,  the  Georgia,  Southern  &  Florida,  and 
the  Macon,  Dublin  &  Savannah  Railroads,  has  its  connec- 
tions at  Macon,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,255;  in  1880,  27,147;  in  1890,  42,370. 

Bibbiano,  blb-be-9,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia, 
province  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  5020. 

Bibbiena,  blb-be-i'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  5683. 

Bibb  Mills  Station,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Bibb  Co.,  Ala., 

31  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Bibbona,  bib-bo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Cecina.  Pop.  4645.  There  is  a  fort  of  the  same  name  on 
the  Mediterranean,  ,3^  miles  S.W.  of  the  town. 

Bibb'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Tus- 
caloosa.    It  has  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 

Biberach,  bee'ber-S,K\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Riss,  23  miles  by  rail"  S.S.W.  of  Ulm.  Pop.  7091,  engaged 
in  weaving,  bleaching,  tanning,  and  fur-dressing,  and  in 
making  toys,  lace,  beer,  paper,  bells,  etc. 

Biberach,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig,  10  miles 
3.S.B.  of  Ofifenburg.     Pop.  1245. 

Biberich,  a  village  of  Prussia.     See  Biebrich. 

Bibiana,  be-be-i'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  W.  of 
Cavor.     Pop.  3172. 

Bi'ble  Glrove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  El.,  in  Bible 
Srove  township,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
jhurches.    Pop.  of  the  township,  998. 

Bible  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  1 0  miles 
from  Downing  Railroad  Station. 

Bible  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Bib'lis,  a  village  of  Hesse,  on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Heppenheim.     Pop.  2229. 

Bibracte,  the  ancient  name  of  Atjtun. 

Bibrax  Suessionum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Laon. 

Bic,  bik,  or  Sainte-C6cile-de-Bic,  s5,Nt-si^seel'- 
d?h-bik,  a  post- village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  with  a  fine 
harbor  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  181i  miles  by  rail  below  Quebec, 
and  9  milfts  W.  )f  Rimouski.     Pop.  600. 


Bic,  or  L'IsIet  an  Massacre,  leeMi'  o  mia^si'k'r, 
an  island  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  th« 
village  of  Bic,  Canada.  It  is  3  miles  loiig  by  |  mile  broad. 
About  two  centuries  ago  200  hundred  Micmac  Indians  were 
murdered  here  by  the  Iroquois. 

Bicanere,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bickaneer. 

Biccari,  bik'ki-re,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  4120. 

Bicester,  bis't^r,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Oxford,  on  a  railway.  It  has  2  endowed  schools 
and  a  small  lace  manufacture.     Pop.  of  parish,  3328. 

Bichana,  be-cbi'ni,  a  considerable  town  of  Abyssinia, 
in  Amhara,  160  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gondar. 

Bichenpour,  India.     See  Bishenpoor. 

Bichuanas,  a  nation  of  Africa.     See  Bechuanas. 

Bickaneer,  Bicanir,  Bikanir,  or  Bicanere, 
bik^a-neer',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana.  Lat.  27" 
30'-29°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  30'-75°  40'  E.  Area,  17,676  square 
miles.  It  is  a  dismal  region,  largely  covered  with  sand 
dunes,  and  has  no  permanent  streams;  but  its  salt  lakes 
afford  a  good  revenue,  and  many  sheep,  camels,  and  horses 
are  bred.  The  people  are  Jats,  Bhatties,  and  Rajpoots, 
governed  by  a  maharajah  under  British  supervision. 
Capital,  Bickaneer.     Pop.  in  1891,  831,955. 

Bickaneer,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above,  240  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  28°  N. ;  Ion.  73°  E.  It  is  walled 
with  stone,  and  has  a  strong  citadel.     Pop.  60,000. 

Bick'Iey's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Clinch  River,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon.  It  ha* 
a  church,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  tanneries. 

Bick'nell,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In 
dianapolis  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vin- 
cennes.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Bick'nellsville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Bicquette  (bik^kef)  Island,  or  Little  Bic,  a 
small  island  N.  of  Bio  IsLmd,  in  Canada,  i  mile  long  by 
J  mile  wide.  Near  its  centre  is  a  light-house.  A  gun  is  fired 
every  half-hour  during  fog  and  snow-storms. 

Bicske,  beetsh'keh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  15  miles  W. 
of  Buda.     Pop.  4600. 

Biczow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Bidschow. 

Bida,  bee'di,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  province 
or  kingdom  of  Nyffg,  about  lat.  9°  5'  N.,  Ion.  6°  5'  E. 

Bidache,  bee'd&sh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bas8es-Pyr6- 
n^es,  near  the  Bidouze,  20  miles  E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  2570, 

Bidassoa,  be-nis-so'i,  a  small  river  forming  part  of 
the  boundary  between  France  and  Spain.  It  rises  in  Spain, 
and  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay  at  Fontarabia. 

Bid'deford,  a  city  of  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Saco  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  town 
of  Saco,  6  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Portland,  and  93  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  is  on  the 
Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Portland  and  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
roads, each  of  which  connects  it  with  Boston  and  Portland. 
Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  trade,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods  and  machinery.  Lumber  and  cotton 
goods  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  It  has  12  churches, 
2  national  banks,  3  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and 
several  large  cotton-mills,  machine-shops,  and  saw-mills. 
The  river  here  falls  42  feet,  and  affords  abundant  water- 
power.     Pop.  in  1890,  14,443. 

Bid'deford,  a  village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  120. 

Biddeford  Pool,  a  post- village  and  bathing-place  of 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  coast,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Biddeford. 

Bid'eford,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Torridge,  1^  miles  above  the  estuary  of  the  Taw,  and 
on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Barnstaple.  The  town  consists 
in  part  of  old  brick  houses  with  timber  frame-work.  It  has 
a  stone  bridge  of  24  arches,  a  grammar-school,  town  hall, 
workhouse,  and  hospital  for  aged  poor,  with  manufactures 
of  ropes,  sails,  and  earthenware,  tan-yards,  and  docks. 
There  is  a  spacious  quay  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  and 
about  2i  miles  above  the  bridge  the  Torrington  Canal  joins 
the  river.  The  trade  of  Bideford  was  formerly  extensive, 
but  its  commercial  importance  has  greatly  declined.  Pop. 
7831.     Near  Bridgeport  is  the  watering-place  Appledore. 

Bidente,  a  river  of  Italy,     See  Ronco. 

Bidghikli,  bid-ghik'lee,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  Anatolia, 
17  miles  N.  of  Adalia.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Bidschow,  beetsh'ov,  or  New  Bidschow  (Bohem. 
Biczow,  beetsh'ov),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of  the 
same  name,  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  5123. 

Bid'Avell's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Connellsville  & 
Washington  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Confluence,  Pa. 


BID 


645 


BIG 


Bidwell's  Bar*  a  post-village  of  Butte  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Middle  Fork  of  Feather  River,  about  34  miles  N.  by  E. 
from  Marysville.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Bieber,  bee'b^r,  a  post-office  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal. 

Biebrich,  bee'briK,  Bieberich,  or  Biberich,  bee'- 
b?r-iK,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Prussia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Taunus  Railway,  3i 
miles  S.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop.,  with  Mosbach,  6444.  It  has 
the  finest  palace  on  the  Rhine. 

Biecz,  or  Bietsch,beet8h,  or  be-fitsh',  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Galieia,  11  miles  W.  of  Jaslo.     Pop.  2335. 

Biedenkopf,bee'd§n-kopr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Giessen. 
Pop.  2746. 

Biegel,  bee'gh§l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  from  Ledbetter.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Biehle,  bee'li,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Mo. 

Biehle^  a  station  in  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lewisburg, 
Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Biel)  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Bienne. 

Biela,  the  Bohemian  for  Weisswasseu. 

Biela,  be-d'lS,,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Jantra,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Sistova.     Pop.  2000. 

Bielau,  bee'lSw,  or  Langenbielau,  ling'§n-bee'13w, 
a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Reichenbach, 
composed  of  several  parts,  forming  a  town  four  miles  long, 
whence  the  name  Langenbielau  ("Long  Bielau").  It  has 
ootton-mills,  sugar-works,  tile-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  12,996. 

Bielaya  (or  Bielaia)  Tserkov,  be-i-li'a  tsSr'kov 
("white  church"),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kiev, 
near  a  railway,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kiev.  It  has  a  gymna- 
sium, and  a  great  trade  in  cattle  and  grain.     Pop.  5000. 

Bielefeld,  bee'leh-ffilt\  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 26  miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Minden  &  Cologne 
Railway.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  Westphalian  linen-trade, 
and  has  extensive  bleaching-grounds,  also  manufactiircd  of 
woollen  stuffs,  thread,  leather,  iron,  glass,  cement,  soap,  to- 
bacco, and  meerschaum.     Pop.  (1890)  39,950. 

Bielev,  or  Bielef,  be-i^l4v'  (Russ.  Bjelew),  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  64  miles  S.W.  of  Toola,  on  the 
Oka.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  leather,  and  hardwares, 
and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  8123. 

Bielgorai,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Bilgorat. 

Bielgorod,  be-Srgo-rod'  (Russ.  Bjelgorod,  "white 
town"),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  73  miles  S.  of 
Koorsk,  on  the  Donets.  It  consists  of  an  old  town,  a  new 
town,  and  3  suburbs,  and  has  13  churches  and  3  monas- 
teries. It  owes  its  name  to  a  ohalk-hillin  the  vicinity.  Pop. 
22,000.  See  Belgrade,  Belgorod,  Belgard,  and  Bolgrad. 

Bielitz,  bee'lits,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Teschen,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Biala  River,  oppo- 
site the  town  of  Biala,  in  Austrian  Galieia,  has  an  extensive 
trade  in  fine  woollen  cloths  and  cassimeres.  It  is  a  railway 
terminus.  It  has  a  castle,  hospital,  and  school,  and  is  the 
seat  of  a  Protestant  consistory.     Pop.  (1890)  14,573. 

Bielitza,  or  Bielitsa,  be-^-lit's3,,  a  town  of  Russia, 
55  miles  E.  of  Grodno,  on  the  Niemen.     Pop.  1000. 

Biella,  be-fil'lS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  on 
a  railway,  and  on  the  Cervo,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Turin.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  several  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
paper,  woollen  stuffs,  and  hats.     Pop.  11,935. 

Bieloe  More,  the  Russian  for  White  Sea. 

Bieloi,  be-i'loy,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Smolensk,  on  the  Obeha,  an  affluent  of  the 
Mezha  (Meja).  Pop.  6800.  Bieloi  is  the  name  of  other 
small  towns  of  Russia,  and  of  an  island  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
government  of  Tobolsk. 

Bielo-Ozero,  be-i'lo  o-zi'ro  ("white  lake"),  a  lake 
of  Russia,  government  of  Novgorod,  about  lat.  60°  10'  N., 
Ion.  37°  30'  E.  Length,  25  miles;  breadth,  20  miles.  Its 
waters  flow  to  the  Volga  by  the  Sheksna  River. 

Bielopol,be-4Mo'pol  (Kvlks. Bielopolie,  be-iMo-pol'yi), 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  106  miles  N.W.  of 
Kharkov,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Seim.     Pop.  12,178. 

Bielopol,  be-iMo'pol,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Herzego- 
vina, 28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  3000. 

Bielostok,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Bialystok. 

Bielozersk,  be-iMo-zaiRsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  260  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Bielo-Ozero.  It  is  built  mostly  of  wood,  and  haa  an 
active  trade  in  pitch,  tallow,  cattle,  and  corn.     Pop.  4467. 

Bielozersk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  200 
miles  S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tobol. 

Bielsk,  be-filsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Grodno,  25  miles 
S.  of  Bialystok.     It  has  a  fine  custom-house.     Pop.  10,000. 

Bielsk,  a  village  of  Poland,  province  and  9  miles  N.N.E. 
*f  Plook.     Pop.  400. 


Bieltsy,  or  Bielzy,  be-ilt'se,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Bessarabia,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  6030. 

Bien-Hoa«  be^gn'-ho'i  (Cochin-Chinese  for  "great 
lake"),  called  also  Tal^-Sab,  or  "fresh  lake,"  and  Sri 
Rama,  a  lake  of  Cambodia,  partly  in  Siam,  and  extend- 
ing in  the  wet  season  100  miles  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  with  a 
breadth  of  30  miles.  It  is  very  shallow  in  the  dry  season, 
but  is  important  on  account  of  its  extensive  fisheries.  It  is 
regarded  by  all  the  people  with  reverence. 

Bien-Hoa,  a  province  of  French  Cochin  China,  bounded 
S.E.  by  the  province  of  Gia-Dinh.  In  the  E.  it  is  mountain- 
ous, and  its  climate  is  the  most  equable  and  healthful  in  tin- 
colony.  It  is  traversed  by  the  navigable  river  Bien-H<>;i. 
or  Dong-Nai.  It  is  divided  into  4  inspections  or  arrondisse- 
ments,  one  of  which  is  also  called  Bien-Hoa.  Pop.  of  in- 
spection, 19,260;  of  province,  105,915. 

Bien-Hoa,  a  town  of  Cochin  China,  capital  of  the 
above  province,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Saigon,  to  which  a  canal 
and  telegraph  extend.   It  has  a  hospital  and  a  military  post. 

Bienne,  be-4nn'  (Ger.  Biel,  heel),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  17  miles  N.AV.  of  Bern,  at  the  north  ex- 
tremity of  Bienne  Lake,  and  at  a  railway  junction.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  high  school,  several  mills, 
and  manufactures  of  watches,  wire,  leather,  and  cotton. 
Numerous  Roman  coins  and  prehistoric  remains  have  been 
found  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  8113. 

Bienne  Lake,  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  Lake  of  Neuf- 
ch&,tel.  Length,  10  miles;  breadth,  1  to  3  miles.  Ele- 
vation above  the  sea,  1419  feet;  greatest  depth,  400  feet. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  river  Thiele,  which  joins  the  Aar  4 
miles  E.  of  Bienne.  Its  shores,  though  pleasing,  are  not 
of  striking  beauty,  and  its  chief  interest  arises  from  its  con- 
taining the  island  of  St.  Pierre,  the  residence  of  Rousseau 
in  1765,  and  from  the  remains  of  a  prehistoric  lake-village 
on  its  border. 

Bientina,  be-5n-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  E.  of 
Pisa,  near  the  bed  of  Lake  Bientina  (now  drained).  P.  3146. 

Bienvenida,  be-5n-vi-nee'D8,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3400. 

Bienville,  be-Sn'vil  (Fr.  pron.  be-iNoVeel'),  a  parish 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  855 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Bistineau, 
and  is  drained  by  several  affluents  of  Red  River.  The  sur 
face  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Its  N.  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Queen  A  Cres- 
cent Railroad  svstem.  Capital,  Sparta.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,636  ;  in  1880,  10,442  ;  in  1890, 14,108.  It  has  an  abun- 
dance of  pine  and  oak  timber. 

Bien'ville,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
<fc  Ohio  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile. 

Bienville,  be-&N»'veel',  a  post-village  in  Levis  oo., 
Quebec,  1^  miles  from  Levis.     Pop.  503. 

Bieque,  a  West  India  island.     See  Vieqdb. 

Bierum,  bee-room',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  Groningen,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delfzyl.     Pop.  3342. 

Biervliet,  beeRVleet',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  Zea- 
land, 13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sluis.  An  inundation  in  1377  de- 
tached Biervliet  from  the  continent.     Pop.  2083. 

Bies-Bosch,  bees-bosk',  a  marshy  lake  of  the  Nether- 
lands, forming  the  eastern  extension  of  the  branch  of  the 
Meuse  called  Hollands-Diep,  between  the  provinces  of 
South  Holland  and  North  Brabant.  It  contains  numerous 
islands.  This  lake  was  formed  November  19,  1421,  by  an 
inundation  which  is  said  to  have  submerged  72  villages, 
drowning  100,000  inhabitants. 

Bietigheim,  bee'tio-himeS  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  at 
a  railway  junction,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cloth,  yarn,  and  carriages.     Pop.  3457. 

Bietigheim,  a  village  of  Baden,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W 
of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2031. 

Bietsch,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  BiECz. 

Biev^ne,  beeVain',  a  town  of  Belgium,  provinoo  of 
Hainaut,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Toumay.     Pop.  3170. 

Bi^vres,  be-aiv'r',  a  village  of  France,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Seine,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1036. 

Biezhetz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bejetse. 

Biferno,  be-fdR'no,  Tiferno,  te-fSR'no,  or  Tiver'no 
(anc.  Ti/er'nus),  a  river  of  Southern  Italy,  rises  in  the 
Apennines,  flows  N.B.,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Termoli.     Length,  40  miles. 

Biga,  or  Bigha,  bee'gi,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Bolki,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Adramyti. 

Big^ahpoor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  40  milef 
S.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6000. 

Big  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Trinity  cq.,  Cal. 


BIG 


646 


BIG 


Big  Barren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn.,  30 
miles  from  Knoxville. 
Big  Barren  River,  Ky.    See  Barren  River. 

Big  Bay  Creek,  Illinois,  drains  part  of  Johnson  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Pope  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio. 

Big  Bay  River  or  Creek  rises  in  Middlesex  co.,  On- 
tario, and  falls  into  the  Chenail  Ecart6,  one  of  the  numerous 
channels  of  the  river  St.  Clair.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Big  Beaver,  bee'v§r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Big  Beaver,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1559. 
It  includes  New  Galilee. 

Big  Beaver,  township,  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1406. 

Big'bee  Bridge,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  59  miles 
N.  of  Mobile,  and  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  opposite  Jackson. 

Big'bee  Val'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  12 
miles  from  Brooksville.  It  has  2  colored  churches,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Phillipsburg.     It  has  several  stores. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Marksville. 

Big  Bend,  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  331. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on 
Fox  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Big  Beth'el,  a  locality  of  York  co.,  Va.,  about  10 
miles  N.AV.  of  Fortress  Monroe.  Major  Winthrop  was  killed 
in  battle  here,  June  10,  1861. 

Big  Black  River,  of  Mississippi,  rises  in  or  near 
Choctaw  CO.,  runs  southwestward,  forms  the  boundary  of 
Carroll,  Holmes,  Yazoo,  and  Warren  cos.  on  the  right  hand, 
and  Attala,  Madison,  Hinds,  and  Claiborne  on  the  left,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  at  Grand  Gulf.  It  flows  through  a 
rich  plain,  which  produces  large  crops  of  cotton.  Length, 
nearly  250  miles. 

Big  Black  River,  of  Missouri.    See  Black  River. 

Big  Blue  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Kansas,  is  formed 
by  three  branches,  called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks, 
which  rise  in  Nebraska.  The  first  and  second  unite  in 
Seward  co.,  and  are  joined  by  the  West  Fork  about  15  miles 
farther  south.  The  West  Fork,  which  is  100  miles  long  or 
more,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  and  runs  eastward. 
The  Big  Blue  runs  nearly  southward,  passes  into  the  state 
of  Kansas,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  at  Manhattan.  Its 
length,  including  one  branch,  is  about  300  miles. 

Big  Blue  River  rises  in  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Jackson 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  7  miles  below  Kansas  City.   Length,  50  miles. 

Big  Bone  Lick,  in  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  a  famous  salt-lick 
or  spring,  12  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  Here  many  bones  of 
extinct  species  of  animals  have  been  obtained.  It  is  evident 
that  these  animals  came  hither  to  lick  the  salt  water,  and 
perished  in  a  soil  which  was  then  probably  marshy. 

Big  Bot'tom,  a  post-office  of  Independence  co..  Ark. 

Big  Bottom,  a  village  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Duck  River,  about  5  miles  from  Johnsonville.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Big  Bow  Creek,  Cedar  co.,  Neb.,  runs  northeastward, 
and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  St.  James. 

Big  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va. 

Big  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  19  miles 
N.  of  Utiea. 

Big  Brushy,  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.    See  Bovine. 

Big  Buffalo,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Big  Bull  Falls,  Wisconsin.     See  Watjsau. 

Big'by  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Tombigbee  River. 

Big'byville,  a  hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Hurricane  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Cabin,  a  station  in  the  Cherokee  country,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  3 
miles  S.  of  Vinita. 

Big  Cane,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish.  La., 
about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Opelousas.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches. 

Big  Cedar  Creek,  of  Iowa,  flows  into  Skunk  River 
in  Henry  co. 

Big  Cedar  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Broad 
River  from  the  left,  near  the  N.W.  part  of  Richland  co. 

Big  Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co., 
W.  Va..  20  miles  N.  of  Alderson  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
Z  churcnes  and  2  grist-mills.     Coal  is  found  here. 


Big  Clif'ty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  <k  Southwestern  Railroad,  61  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  4  church  organizations,  a 
broom-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  265. 

Big  Cove  Tannery,  a  post-office  and  tannery  of  Ful- 
ton  CO.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.  of  McConnellsburg,  and  15  miles 
from  Hancock,  Md. 

Big  Creek,  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  the  Black 
Warrior  River. 

Big  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  runs  nearly  southward  through 
Lee  and  Phillips  cos.,  and  enters  the  White  River  in  the 
south  part  of  Monroe  co. 

Big  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Ripley  co.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  Graham's  Fork  in  Jefferson  co. 

Big  Creek,  of  Kansas,  runs  eastward  through  Trego 
CO.,  intersects  Ellis  co.,  and  enters  the  Smoky  Hill  River 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Russell.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Big  Creek,  of  Missouri,  rises  in  Harrison  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  Daviess  co. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Blakely,  Ga. 

Big  Creek,  a  station  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  is  on  the 
Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  33  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  584. 
It  contains  Chalmers. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
693,  exclusive  of  La  Porte. 

»   Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  678. 
(Post-Offices,  Hays  City,  Martin,  Victoria,  and  Walker.) 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.    P.  766. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grant  parish.  La. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  21 
miles  E.  of  Coffeeville.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1097. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1390. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Taney  co..  Mo.    Pop.  267. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.,  about 
60  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Big  Cut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  29  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Big  Stone  Gap. 

Big  Cy'press,  a  bayou  or  creek,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Texas,  and  runs  southeastward.  It  drains  portions  of 
Titus,  Camp,  and  Upshur  cos.,  and  enters  Caddo  Lake  at 
Jeff'erson.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Big  Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  16 
miles  from  Fresno  Railroad  Station. 

Big  Dry  Wood  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  northward  in 
Barton  and  Vernon  cos.,  and  enters  the  Marmiton  River 
about  9  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Big  Eau  Claire  (o^klair'),  a  small  river  in  the  N.E. 
central  part  of  Wisconsin,  flows  through  the  E.  part  of 
Marathon  co.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  6  miles 
below  Wausau. 

Big  Eau  Pleine,  (explain'),  a  river  of  Marathon  co., 
Wis.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River 
in  the  S.  part  of  that  county.     It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Big  Eddy,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.     See  Narrowsburg. 

Big'elow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  85 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Atchison.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bigelow,  a  post-village  of  Nobles  CO.,  Minn.,  in  Bigelow 
township,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  188  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  1607  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  the  highest  point  between  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City. 
Pop.  of  township,  191.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Bigelow,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Tarkio 
River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  2 
hotels,  2  drug-stores,  &c. 

Big  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  2  miles 
from  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  62  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  flour-mill  on 
Haw  River. 

Big  Fishing  Creek  enters  the  Bald  Eagle  Creek  in 
Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Big  Flat,  a  hamlet  of  Baxter  co..  Ark.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Flats,  a  post-village  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Big 
Flats  township,  on  the  Chemung  River  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.  The  village  has  4 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  creamery,  a  cigar-fao- 
tory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500  j  of  the  township,  1902. 


BIO 


647 


BIO 


Big  Flats,  a  post-township  of  Adams  oo,,  Wis.,  20 
miles  from  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  154. 

Big  Foot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
from  Rochester. 

Big  Root  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co., 
111.,  is  on  the  line  between  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  5  miles 
N.  of  Harvard  Junction.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage- 
shop. 

Big  Fork,  a  post-oflSce  of  Polk  co..  Ark. 

Big'ga,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  in  Yell  Sound, 
Scotland. 

Big'gar,  a  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  11  ntiles  E.S.E.  of 
I^anark,  on  a  railway.  It  consists  mostly  of  one  long  and 
wide  street,  and  has  a  parish  church,  chapel,  bank  agency, 
savings-bank,  and  subscription  libraries.     Pop.  1471. 

Big'ger,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  945. 
It  contains  San  Jacinto. 

Big'gerton,  a  station  in  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Laclede. 

Big  Glace  Bay,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Port  Caledonia. 

Biggleswade,  big'gelz-w4d,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
and  9i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the 
navigable  river  Ivel,  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a 
manufactory  of  thread  lace.  The  market  is  still  one  of  the 
Jargest  in  England  for  corn.     Pop.  4244. 

Big  Grove,  a  township  of  Kendall  co.,  III.  Pop.  1726. 
[t  contains  Newark. 

Big  Grove,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  786. 

Big  Grove,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1311. 

Biggs,  a  post-town  of  Butte  co.,  Cat.,  in  a  fine  fruit- 
growing section,  near  the  Feather  River,  73  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  6  church  organizations,  a  bank, 
water-works,  grain -mills  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  900. 

Biggs,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Mason  co..  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Havana. 

Bigg's  Si'ding,  a  station  on  the  Queen  Anne's  &  Kent 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Centreville,  Md. 

Biggs'ville,  a  pose-village  of  Henderson  co.,  111.,  in 
Biggsville  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  194  miles  from  Chicago,  and  15  miles 
E.N.E  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  353 ;  of  the  township,  1406. 

Bigha,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Biga. 

Big  Hatchie,  hatch'ee,  a  station  in  Haywood  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Louisville  Railroad,  48  miles 
N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Big  Hatchie  River.     See  Hatchie. 

Big  Hill,  a  station  in  Gilpin  co.,,  Col.,  on  the  Colorado 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Hawk. 

Big  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles 
B.E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  several  stores. 

Big  HoI'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Catskill.     It  has  2  stores. 

Big  Horn,  a  station  in  Custer  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  88  miles  W.  of  Miles  City. 

Big  Horn,  a  station  in  Rio  Ariba  co.,  New  Mexico,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  48  miles  S,  of  Ala- 
mosa, Col. 

Big  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheridan  oo.,  Wyoming, 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Sheridan.     It  has  several  stores. 

Big  Horn  Mountains,  a  range  of  mountains  in  the 
N.  part  of  Wyoming,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Big  Horn  River. 
They  are  partly  composed  of  Lower  Silurian  rocks,  but  the 
central  nucleus  is  granite.  "  Some  of  the  more  lofty  peaks," 
says  Hayden,  "are  from  8000  to  12,000  feet  above  the 
sea,  and  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow."  The  range  is 
nearly  180  miles  long,  and  has  a  general  trend  nearly  N.W. 
and  S.E. 

Big  Horn  River  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the 
W.  part  of  the  state  of  Wyoming.  It  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  di- 
rection, lat.  43°  N.,  Ion.  108°  30'  W.,  and  this  first  part  of 
its  course  is  called  Wind  River.  It  afterwards  pursues  a 
northward  course,  passes  through  the  Big  Horn  Mountains 
into  Montana,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone  River  about  lat. 
46°  15'  N.,  Ion.  107°  24'  W.  It  is  the  largest  affluent  of  the 
Yellowstone,  and  is  about  550  miles  long.  The  region  trav- 
ersed by  this  river  is  mostly  mountainous.  Some  geograph- 
ers confine  the  name  Big  Horn  to  the  part  of  the  river  which 
is  N.  of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains. 

Bight  of  Benin,  ben-een',  the  northern  portion  of  the 
Gulf  of  Guinea,  between  the  Slave  Coast  and  Calabar  River. 
The  coast  is  iron-bound,  and  the  rivers  offer  little  facility 
for  traffic. 

Bight  of  Biafra,  be-af  r%,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 


on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  between  Cape  Formosa  and  Cape 
Lopez,  within  Ion.  5°  and  10°  E.,  and  containing  the  islands 
of  Fernando  Po,  Prince's,  and  St.  Thomas.  It  receives  the 
Cameroons,  Malimba,  Mooney,  and  Old  Calabar  Rivers. 

Big  Indian,  ind'yan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind., 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Logansport. 

Big  Indian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Big  Indian  Creek,  Indiana,  drains  part  of  Floyd  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  the 
Ohio  River.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Big  Island,  i'land,  a  station  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Pine  Island  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Goshen. 

Big  Island,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  940. 

Big  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Ya.,  on  James 
River,  and  on  the  James  River  Canal,  19  miles  above  Lynch- 
burg. In  the  vicinity  are  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  the  North  Bedford  Institute.     Pop.  about  100. 

Big  Island,  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  sheltering  the  east  end  of  Merigomisb 
Harbor,  7  miles  E.  of  Pictou. 

Big  I'vey,  a  township.  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1270. 

Big  L>aguna,  ]k-goo'nk,  post-office,  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Big  Lake,  a  large  lake  in  the  marshy  region  of  the 
S.E.  of  Missouri  and  the  N.E.  of  Arkansas,  traversed  by 
Little  River. 

Big  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Big  Lake  township,  on  Elk  River  and  Big  Lake,  and  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  225. 

Big  Laurel,  law'rel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.C,  in  Big  Laurel  township,  13  miles  N.  of  Marshall,  and 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Hot  Springs. 

Big'Jer  (post-office,  Williams  Grove),  a  station  in  Clear- 
field CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Piailroad,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Clearfield. 

Big'lerville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  from  Gettysburg,  and  24  miles  from  Carlisle.  It 
has  a  church,  manufactures  of  rakes,  brick,  chairs,  Aio.,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  120. 

Big'ley's  Tip'ple,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A,  Con- 
nellsville  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Big  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C,  in  Big 
Lick  township,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a 
church,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1688. 

Big  Lick,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  1179. 

Big  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Crossville. 

Big  Lick,  Roanoke  co.,  Va.     See  Roanokb. 

Big  Lick  Junction,  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  is  in  Ly- 
kens  township,  on  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  from  Lykens,  and  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  ex- 
tending to  Big  Lick  colliery,  H  miles  distant,  where  an- 
thracite coal  is  mined. 

Big  Mine  Run  Junction,  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  is  on 
the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Ashland. 

Big  Mound,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.     Pop.  1168 

Big  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  32 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Keokuk.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  a 
mound  30  feet  high  on  the  prairie. 

Big  Mud'dy,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  UK,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Duquoin. 

Big  Muddy  River,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
which  rise  in  Jefferson  co.  It  runs  southward  and  south- 
westward,  intersects  Franklin  and  Jackson  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Mississippi  River  about  5  miles  below  Grand  Tower. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  140  miles. 

Big  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  HI.,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Quincy. 

Big  Nemaha,  a  river  of  Nebraska.    See  Neuaha. 

Big  North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  oo.,  Ark. 

Big  Oak  Fiat,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
about  66  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  here. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1249. 

Big  Opeon'go,  a  lake  in  the  rear  of  the  oo.  of  Hast- 
ings, Ontario,  about  40  miles  long  by  20  miles  wide.  It 
abounds  with  salmon  trout. 

Bigorre,  bee'goRR',  an  old  subdivision  of  Southwestern 
France,  province  of  Qascony,  now  forming  part  of  the  de- 
partment of  Hautes-Pyr6n6e8.    See  BAGKiaES-DE-BiGOBRB. 

Big  Ot'ter,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  W.  Va. 

Big  Patch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Platteville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Big  Pigeon  (pij'un)  River  rises  in  Haywood  co.,  N.C, 
runs  towards  the  N.  and  N.W.,  passes  into  Tennessee,  and 


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enters  the  French  Broad  River  in  Cocke  co.  It  is  nearly 
120  miles  long. 

Big  Pine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  in  Owens 
River  Valley. 

Big  Pine  Creek,  Indiana.    See  Pine  Creek. 

Big  Pine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Big  Pine  (or  Piney)  Creek,  Texas,  intersects  Trinity 
00.,  and  enters  the  Neches  River  at  the  E.  extremity  of 
that  county. 

Big  Pine-Tree  Creek,  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.,  flows 
into  the  Wateree,  near  Camden. 

Big  Pi'ney,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  541. 

Big  Piney,  a  hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  35  miles  from 
Rolla.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Big  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  at  Califor- 
nia, a  hamlet  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Big  Plover  (pluv'er)  River,  of  Wisconsin,  rises  to- 
wards the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  flows  into  the  Wis- 
consin at  Portage  Court-House. 

Big  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  co.,  Ark. 

Big  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-township  of  Newaygo  co., 
Mich.,  is  drained  by  Muskegon  River.  The  post-office  is 
5  miles  from  Morgan  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  400. 

Big  Prairie,  township,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.    P.  1089. 

Big  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  O.j  and  a 
station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Wooster.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Rap'ids,  a  city,  capital  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana 
Railroad,  55  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  88 
miles  S.  of  Traverse  City.  A  branch  of  the  Chicago  & 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad  connects  it  with  Muskegon. 
It  has  2  banks,  10  churches,  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers, 2  foundries,  2  machine-shops,  several  mills,  and 
furuiture-faetories.  It  is  an  important  lumber-market,  and 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber,  shingles,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1880,  :«52_;  in  1890.  5265. 

Big  Rapids  Junction,  a  station  in  Muskegon  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.  of  Muskegon,  at  the  junction  of  the  Big  Rapids 
Branch. 

Big  Ree'dy,  a  post-office  of  Edmondson  co.,  Ky. 

Big  Ren'ox,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky. 

Big  Riv'er,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Washington  co., 
runs  northward  through  Jefferson  co.,  and  enters  the  Mar- 
amec  River  about  3  miles  S.  of  Eureka  Station  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad.     It  is  nearly  125  miles  long. 

Big  River,  township,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1911. 

Big  River,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.     P.  2033. 

Big  River,  a  township  of  St.  Franjois  co..  Mo.  P.  436. 

Big  River,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co..  Wis. 

Big  River  Mills,  a  post-village  of  St.  Franjois  co., 
Mo.,  on  Big  River,  about  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Big  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in  Big  Rock 
township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  at  Blunt  Station, 
52  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  The  township  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  829. 

Big  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Davenport 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It 
has  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

Big  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  "Va.,  70  miles 
from  Saltville.     It  has  a  church. 

Big'  Run,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Rome 
township,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  26  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Marietta.  It  is  a  shipping-point  for  coal, 
petroleum,  and  timber,  which  abound  here. 

Big  Run,  a  post-borough  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  Ma- 
honing Creek,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Du  Bois.  It  has 
3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  grist- 
mill, a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  731. 

Big  San'dy,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Big  Sandy  River  and  the  Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad, 
147  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Big  Sandy,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of 
Longview  Junction.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Big  Sandy  Creek,  Colorado,  drains  part  of  Douglas 
eo.,  runs  southeastward,  traverses  Elbert  co.,  and  enters  the 
Arkansas  River  in  Bent  eo.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Big  Sandy  Creek,  Indiana,  falls  into  the  Ohio  in 
Spencer  co. 

Big  Sandy  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Clay  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Thayer  co.,  and  enters  the  Little 


Blue  River  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  is  nearly 
70  miles  long. 

Big  Sandy  River,  Kentucky.     See  Sandy  River. 

Big  Sandy  River,  Tennessee,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  di- 
rection, drains  parts  of  Carroll  and  Benton  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Tennessee  River  in  Henry  co.,  where  the  Memphis  A 
Louisville  Railroad  crosses  that  river.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long. 

Big  Sandy  River,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  Wind  River 
Mountains,  runs  southward,  and  enters  Green  River  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Bryan.     Length,  nearly  100  miles. 

Big  Savan'na,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  6a. 

Big  Shan'ty,  a  station  in  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Westen 
A  Atlantic  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Big  Shanty,  a  station  in  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Buf- 
falo, Bradford  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Carroll- 
ton,  N.Y. 

Big  Sioux  (soo)  River,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South 
Dakota,  flows  nearly  southward  through  several  counties  in 
that  state,  and  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  forms  the 
boundary  between  South  Dakota  and  Iowa,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  2  miles  above  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It 
is  about  300  miles  long.     It  traverses  fertile  prairies. 

Big  Skin  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va., 
33  miles  from  Clarksburg. 

Big  Sni'bar  Creek,  enters  the  Missouri  River  from 
the  right  in  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  5  miles  above  Lexington. 

Big  South  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River  rises  in  or 
near  Fentress  co.,  Tenn.  It  runs  nearly  northward  into 
Kentucky,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  in  Pulaski  co.,  about 
8  miles  S.  of  Somerset.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-township  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Shelbyville.     Pop.  1755. 

Big  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  9  miles  from  Zionsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville.  The  village,  which  is 
partly  in  Hardin  and  Meade  cos.,  has  a  church,  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Pop.  134. 

Big  Spring,  a  station  in  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Bards- 
town  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  27 
miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  abon: 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Danville. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Deuel  co..  Neb., 
69  miles  by  rail  W.  of  North  Platte.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  244. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

Big  Spring,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  2084. 
It  includes  Adrian  and  New  Riegel. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Newville.     It  ha-s  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railway,  108  miles  W.  of 
Abilene.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1500. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Kilbourn  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Big  Spring  Depot,  a  summer  resort  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Va.,  73  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  hotels  and  stores. 

Big  Springs,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  now  called  MARUNeo. 

Big  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas, 
about  14  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Lawrence.     It  has  2  churches. 

Big  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches. 

Big  Stone,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  Big  Stone  Lake  and  the  Minnesota  River.  A  large 
part  of  it  is  prairie.  Capital,  Ortonville.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3688;  in  1890,  5722. 

Big  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Ortonville  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Morris. 

Big  Stone  City,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  S.D.,  on 
Big  Stone  Lake,  and  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota  Railroad, 
li  miles  from  Ortonville,  Minn. 

Big  Stone  Gap,  a  thriving  post-town  of  Wise  co.,  Va., 
66  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
manufactures  of  iron  products,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Big  Stone  Lake,  on  the  boundary  between  Grant  co., 
S.D.,  and  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  is  about  25  miles  long  by  8 
mites  wide.     It  is  drained  by  the  Minnesota  River. 


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Big  Suamico,  Brown  co.,  Wis.    See  Suamico. 
Big  Tancook,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Tancook  Islands. 
Big  Thompson,  Colorado.     See  Loveland. 
Big  Thompson  (tSmp'spn)  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains  near  Long's  Peak,  runs  eastward, 
and  enters  the  Platte,  10  miles  above  Evans. 

Big  Tim'ber,  a  post-town  of  Park  co.,  Mont.,  81  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Billings.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  300. 

Big  Timber  Creek,  New  Jersey,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Camden  and  Gloucester  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Delaware  River  5  miles  below  the  city  of  Camden. 

Big  Tree  Cor'ners,a  post-oifice  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
Big  Tree  Station  on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Big  Trees,  a  post-oflBce  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Milton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  60  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Stockton.  Altitude,  4600  feet.  Here  is  a  grove  of  about 
90  enormous  trees  of  the  genus  Sequoia,  some  of  which  are 
30  feet  in  diameter  and  over  300  feet  high. 

Big  Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Big  Val'ley,  a  post-village  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex.,  120 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Big  Vermil'ion  River,  Indiana.    See  Vermilion. 

Big  Wal'nut,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Big  Wal'nut  Creek  rises  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Ohio,  and  enters  the  Scioto  about  12  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Big  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

Bihacs,  or  Bihatch,  bee^h|tch',  sometimes  written 
Bihach  or  Bihacz,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  on  an 
island  in  the  Unna,  65  miles  W.  of  Banialooka.  Pop.  3000. 

Bihar,  bee^han',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  8 
miles  N.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  2501. 

Bihar,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  E.  by  Transyl- 
vania. It  is  mountainous  in  the  E.,  and  in  the  W.  has 
large  marshes  and  barren  heaths,  but  is  generally  fertile. 
Area,  4279  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Debreczin.  Capital, 
Grosswardein.     Pop.  555,337. 

Biisk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Busk. 

Bijaigarh.     See  Bejighur. 

Bijanagur,  or  Bijnagur,  beej^ni-gur',  sometimes 
written  Bijainagar  and  Bisnagur  (anc.  Bijayanagara, 
I.e.,  "  city  of  triumph"),  a  deserted  city  of  Southern  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bellary,  on  the 
Toombuddra.  Lat.  15°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  37'  E.  The  city  is 
8  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  enclosed  by  the  river  and 
other  natural  barriers,  or  by  strong  walls.  Principal  edifices, 
the  granite  temples  of  Siva,  Krishna,  Ganesa,  and  Rama, 
and  the  residence  of  the  rajah.  Some  singular  sculptures 
are  found  on  the  rocks  in  the  Toombuddra.  Bijanagur  was 
founded  in  1336,  and  in  the  sixteenth  century  was  the  capital 
of  an  extensive  kingdom,  which  was  destroyed  and  its  cap- 
ital sacked  by  the  Mohammedans  in  1564. 

BijaAvar,  Bejawer,  be-jaw'^r,  or  Bejonr,  be-jSw'^r, 
a  native  state  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundelcund,  with  a  ca()ital 
of  the  same  name,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Jhansi.  Area,  900  square 
miles.     Pop.  90,000. 

Bijbahar,  beej^bi-har',  or  Yijapara,  vee^ja-pi-ri',  a 
large  town  of  Cashmere,  25  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Cash- 
mere, on  the  Jhylum.     Lat.  33°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  4'  E. 

Bij'na,  a  petty  state  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundelcund. 
Area,  27  square  miles.     Pop.  2800. 

Bijnagur,  a  city  of  India.    See  Bijanagur. 

B^naur,  or  Bijnour,  bij'nowr,  a  district  of  the 
North-West  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  29°  l'-29°  58' 
N. ;  Ion.  78°  l'-78°  55'  E.  Area,  1902  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Bijnaur.     Pop.  737,152. 

B^naur,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  district. 
Lat.  29°  22'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  10'  30"  E.     Pop.  12,865. 

Bijooja  Islands,  of  Africa.    See  Bissagos. 

Bijou  (be'zhoo')  Ba'sin,  a  post-ofBce  of  El  Paso  co.. 
Col.,  in  a  valley  of  its  own  name,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Denver. 

Bijou  or  Bijoux  (be^zhoo')  Creek,  Colorado,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River  near 
Deuel.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Bijou  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Brul6  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
8.  of  Puckwana.  It  has  a  church  and  a  bank.  Pop.  about 
100. 

Bijsk,  Biisk,  or  Biysk,  beesk  or  be-isk',  a  town  of 
Siberia,  government  and  270  miles  S.  of  Tomsk,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Bija  and  the  Katoonia.     Pop.  3432. 

Bilaspur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Belaspoor. 

Bilbao,  bil-bS,'o,  or  Belvao,  bSl-vi'o,  often  written 
42 


and  pronounced,  in  English,  Bilboa,  biI'bo-%,  a  city  and 
port  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Biscay,  on  the 
Nerva,  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Vitoria. 
Lat.  43°  14'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  56'  5"  W.  It  is  connected  with 
the  interior  by  a  railway.  It  is  enclosed  by  lofty  moun- 
tains, and  is  well  built.  A  fine  promenade  borders  the 
river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  several  bridges ;  convents 
and  monasteries  are  numerous ;  it  has  also  a  large  hospital, 
town  hall,  arsenal,  and  slaughter-house.  Principal  manu- 
factures, hardwares,  anchors,  leather,  paper,  hats,  tobacco, 
and  earthenware ;  there  are  large  rope-walks,  and  docks  for 
ship-building,  with  iron-  and  copper-mines  in  the  vicinity. 
Exports  comprise  iron,  fish,  fruits,  and  iron  ore.  Bilbao  was 
founded  in  1300 ;  at  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century  it  be- 
came the  seat  of  the  famous  consulado,  originally  established 
at  Burgos,  and  having  the  highest  authority  in  Spain  as  a 
commercial  tribunal.  Bilbao  was  besieged  3  years  and  10 
months  by  the  Cariists,  1872-1876.     Pop.  26,357. 

Bil'destone,  a  town  and  parish  of  Suffolk  co.,  Eng- 
land, Hi  miles  N.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  808. 

Bildt,  beelt,  Het  Bildt,  h5t  beelt,  or  »T  Bildt, 
t'beelt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  8362. 

Biledjik,  or  Biledschjik,  bee'lSd-zheek',  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  vilayet  of  Brusa,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Constanti- 
nople.    Pop.  5000. 

Biledulgerid.     See  Beled-el-Jereed. 

Bilgoray,  or  Bielgorai,  beergo-ri',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Lada.  It  ha* 
manufactures  of  hats  and  leather.     Pop.  6168. 

Bilgraad,  the  Turkish  for  Belgrade. 

Bilgrani,  a  town  of  India.     See  Belgram. 

Bilhour,  or  Bilhaur,  bil'howr,  a  town  of  the  Cawn- 
poor  district,  India,  lat.  26°  50'  N.,  Ion.  80°  9'  E.   P.  6954, 

Biliarsk,  bee^e-aRsk',  a  village  of  Russia,  government 
and  68  miles  S.E.  of  Kazan.     Pop.  2500. 

Bilin,be-leen'(Bohemian,5y/ina,  be-lee'nijL.  5eM'na), 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dux,  on  the  Bila. 
It  has  two  castles,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  3863. 

Bilinbaevsk,  bee-lin-bi-Svsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Perm,  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  30  miles  W.  of 
Yekaterinboorg.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Biliran,  be-le-rin',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  N. 
of  Leyte.     Lat.  11°  27'  N.;  Ion.  124°  30'  E, 

Bilitio,  the  ancient  name  of  Bellinzona. 

Biliui,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Viliooi. 

Bilke,  beel'keh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Beregh,  19 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Munkacs.     Pop.  3633. 

Billerbeck,  biI'l§r-bAk\  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westpha- 
lia, on  a  railway,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1496. 

Billerbeck,  or  Friedrichshuld,  free'driKs-h6Slt\ 
a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rum- 
melsburg.     Pop.  290. 

Billerica,  bil'ler-ik-a,  a  handsome  post- village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Billerica  township,  on  the  Concord  River, 
and  on  the  Bedford  A  Billerica  Railroad,  2  miles  from  the 
Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad,  and  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Boston.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  town  hall,  and  an  institu- 
tion called  the  Howe  School.  The  township  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  North  Billerica,  which  has  chemical  works  and 
2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  in  1890,  2098. 

Billerica  Mills,  Mass.    See  North  Billerica. 

Bil'lericay,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  1451. 

Billeton,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Billiton. 

Billiers,  beeryi'  or  bee^yJ.',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  955. 

Billigheim,  bil'liG-hime^,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
on  the  Klingbach,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1320. 

Bil'lings,  a  post-town  of  Christian  co..  Mo.,  19  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  700. 

Billings,  a  city,  capital  of  Yellowstone  oo.,  Montana, 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  917  miles  from  St.  Paul, 
and  238  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  oflSces.  Principal  industry,  oattle- 
and  sheep-raising.     Pop.  1500. 

Billings,  a  post-bamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  20  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Bil'lingsly,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Ark., 
12  miles  S.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bil'lingsport,  a  hamlet  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware,  12  miles  below  Camden,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Pauls- 
borough. 

Bil'lingsville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Richmond.  It  ha*  a 
church,  and  manufactory  of  farming-implements.   Pop.  110. 


BIL 


650 


BIN 


BillingSTille*  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Boonville  &  Tipton  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  or  Boonville.    It  has  a  church. 

Biriiton',  BilUeton',  or  Blitong,  blee'ton',  an 
island  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  between  Sumatra  and 
Borneo.  Lat.  of  the  N.W,  part,  3°  13'  S. ;  Ion.  108°  7'  E. 
Area,  estimated  at  1150  square  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by 
rocks  and  islets,  and  is  rich  in  tin,  iron  ore,  and  valuable 
timber.  It  exports  trepang,  birds'  nests,  tin,  sea- weed,  tor- 
toise-shell, and  wax.     Pop.  21,217. 

Billiton  Passage,  between  the  above  island  and 
Borneo,  is  about  130  miles  across,  and  very  dangerous. 

Billom,  beePy^N"'  or  beeV6N<»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D&me,  14  miles  B.S.E.  of  Clermont.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  and  manufactures  of  fine  pottery.    Pop.  4166. 

Bil'low,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  W.  of 
Carrollton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Bills  Creek,  Iowa,  one  of  the  head-branches  of  Otter 
Creek,  which  it  enters  between  Warren  and  Lucas  cos. 

Bill  Town,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Kentville.     Pop.  100. 

Billwarder-Ausschlag,  bil'MR-d^r-owsh'UlG,  and 
Billwarder-Steindamm,  stin'dim,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, territory  and  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamburg.  It  has 
manufactures  of  white  lead,  borax,  ship's  bread,  starch,  etc. 
Pop.  6004.  It  is  in  the  marshy  district  called  Billwarder, 
which  gives  name  to  several  other  villages. 

Bill  Williams  (wil'yamz)  River,  Arizona,  drains  part 
of  Mohave  co.,  and  runs  southward  to  the  boundary  be- 
tween Mohave  and  Yuma  cos.  It  finally  flows  westward 
until  it  enters  the  Colorado  at  Aubrey.     Length,  250  miles. 

Bilma,  bil'm&,  a  district  of  the  Kawar  valley,  Sahara, 
with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  about  lat.  18°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
14°  E.  From  salt-pools  near  it  a  large  supply  of  excellent 
salt  is  obtained.     The  people  are  Tibboos. 

Biioxi,  be-lox'ee,  an  incorporated  post-town  and  water- 
ing-place in  Harrison  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  SO 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans,  and  61  miles  from 
Mobile.  It  has  6  churches,  a  tin-can  manufactory,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  extensive  industries  in  the  way  of  packing 
and  shipping  oysters,  fruits,  and  vegetables.     Pop.  3234. 

Bilsa,  bil'si  (anc.  Bilvesa),  a  town  of  India,  183  miles 
S.  of  Gwalior,  on  the  Betwah.     Pop,  3000. 

Bilsee,  or  Bilsi,  bil'see,  a  town  of  Budaon  district, 
British  India.     Lat.  20°  9'  N.;  Ion.  79°  E.     Pop.  5282. 

Bilsen,  bil's^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  Limbourg,  at  a 
railway  junction,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Hasselt,  on  the  Demer. 
Pop.  3500.  It  has  manufactures  of  cutlery  and  earthen- 
wares, and  a  convent  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre. 

Bils'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  2^  miles 
S.E.  of  Wolverhampton,  on  two  railways.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  but  has  many  good  residences.  The  manufacturing 
Industry  of  Bilston  is  very  great.  The  manufactures  include 
tin,  japanned,  and  enamelled  wares  of  every  kind,  iron 
wire,  nails,  screws,  iron  gates  and  palisades,  machinery, 
steam-engines,  etc.     Pop.  24,188. 

Bilvesa,  the  ancient  name  of  Bilsa. 

Bima,  bee'mi,  a  seaport  town  of  the  island  of  Sum- 
bawa,  on  its  N.  coast,  100  miles  E.  of  the  town  of  Sumbawa. 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  sultan  and  of  a  Butch  agent. 
Chief  exports,  timber  and  horses. 

Bimaris,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Entre-deux-Mers. 

Bimber,  Bhimbur,  bim'b^r,  or  Bhimbara,  bim'- 
ba-ri,  a  town  of  India,  in  Jamoo,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Chenaub,  100  miles  N.  of  Lahore.  It  consists  of  about 
1000  low  and  flat-roofed  houses. 

Bimbia,  bim'bee-&,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  enters 
ihe  Bight  of  Biafra  W.  of  the  Cameroons  River.  On  its 
banks  are  many  populous  villages. 

Bimini,  a  group  of  islands.    See  Bemini  Islands. 

Bimlipatam,  bimUi-p^-t&m'  (anc.  Bhimalaputana),  a 
town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Vizagapatam,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  It  has  a  brisk  coast- 
ing-trade. 

Binab,  be-nib',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  on  the 
Sofi-Chai,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  lake,  and  55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tabreez.  It  has  about 
1500  houses,  clean  streets,  several  good  caravansaries,  and 
an  abundance  of  water.  Around  it  are  orchards  and  vine- 
yards.    Pop.  7500. 

Bin^abo'la,  Bur^abo'la,  Ben^nebeo'la,  or 
Twelve  Pins,  a  mountain-range  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught,  CO.  of  Galway,  barony  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Balli- 
nahinch ;  the  culminating  point  of  Knockannahiggen  is 
2400  feet  above  the  sea. 

Binasco,  be-nis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1340. 


Bin-Bir-Kiliss6h,  bin-beeR-kiriis-sdh',  some  ruini 
in  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Karaman,  consisting  of 
ancient  tombs  and  portions  of  early  Byzantine  churches, 
by  some  supposed  to  be  the  remains  of  Lys'tra. 

Binbrook,  or  Hall's  Corners,  post-village,  Went- 
worth  CO.,  Ontario,  7i  miles  S.  of  Stoney  Creek.     Pop.  100. 

Bin'brooke^  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Rasen-Market.     Pop.  1334. 

Binche,  bin'K^h  or  biuK,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  on  the  Haine,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mons.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cutlery  and  hardwares,  and  a  trade  in 
lace,  paper,  marble,  and  coal.     Pop.  6678. 

Bin'chester,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
li  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bishop-Auckland.  It  is  supposed  to 
have  been  the  Roman  Binoviutn. 

Bindraban,  bin^drq,-b&n',  or  Bindrabund,  bin^dra- 
bilnd'  (anc.  Vrindavana),  a  town  of  British  India,  Muttwa 
district,  on  the  Jumna,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Agra.  It  has 
several  sacred  pools  and  caves,  and  temples  of  Krishna,  one 
of  which  is  among  the  most  massive  works  of  Hindoo  archi- 
tecture.    Pop.  21,500. 

Bingen,  bing'^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the  influx  of  the  Nahe,  and  at  a 
railway  junction,  17  miles  W.  of  Mentz.  Its  inhabitants 
manufacture  starch  and  leather  and  raise  superior  wines. 
It  owes  its  origin  to  the  Roman  castle  of  Drusus.  Near  it 
the  Rhine,  breaking  through  a  mountain-chain,  narrows  to 
form  the  Bingerloch,  a  dangerous  rapid.  In  the  neighbor- 
hood are  Riidesheim,  the  castle  of  Ehrenfels,  and  the  chape) 
■of  St.  Rochue ;  and  on  an  island  in  the  Rhine  is  the  Mause- 
thurm  {i.e.,  "mouse-tower"),  a  structure  erected  for  a  toll- 
house in  the  thirteenth  century.     Pop.  5938. 

Bing'en  (station,  Williams),  a  post-hamlet  of  Adama 
CO.,  Ind.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Decatur. 

Bingen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Morton 
township,  12  miles  E.  of  Stanwood.     It  has  a  church. 

Bingen,  a  post- village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Bingenheim,  bing'^n-hime^  a  town  of  Hesse,  16  miles 
N.  of  Hanau.     Pop.  669. 

Bingham,  bing'am,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  111., 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ramsey.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  250. 

Bingham,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  52  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Kennebec  River.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
starch,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  826. 

Bingham,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  2963. 

Bingham,  a  post-village  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bingham  township,  on  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  9  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a 
saw-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bingbam,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1604. 

Bingham,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Bingham,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  773. 

Bingham  Ca&on,  kan'ySn,  a  post-village  and  mining- 
camp  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  34  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Salt 
Lalre  City,  and  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bingham  Junction. 
It  is  in  a  canon  surrounded  by  high  mountains.  Its  mines 
are  rich  in  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper.  Railroad  station, 
Bingham.     Pop.  1000. 

Bingham  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

Bingham  Junction,  a  station  in  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah, 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Western  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Bingham  and  Alta  Branches,  12  miles 
S.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Sandy  Station. 

Bingham  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Cottonwood  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  57  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Mankato.  It  is  in  Lakeside  township,  on  a 
beautiful  lake.  Elevation,  1401  feet.  It  has  an  elevator 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     The  township  contains  37  lakes. 

Bingham's,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Clayton. 

Bingham's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Waverly.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  church. 

Bing'hamstown,  or  Saleeu',  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  on  the  W.  side  of  Blacksod  Bay,  2i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  BelmuUet.     Pop.  154. 

Binghamton,  bing'am-ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramen*o. 

Binghamton,  a  village  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  1  mile  E.  of 
Amboy.     It  manufactures  flour  and  farm-tools.    Pop.  200. 

Binghamton,  a  thriving  city,  the  capital  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Susquehanna.  River, 
where  it  is  joined  by  its  Chenango  tributary,  and  on  tha 


BIN 


651 


BIR 


I 


Erie  Railroad,  215  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  59  miles  E. 
of  Elmira,  and  80  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Syracuse.  It  is 
the  southern  terminus  of  the  Syracuse,  Bini^hampton  & 
New  York  Railroad,  and  the  southwestern  terminus  of  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  by  which  it  is  142  miles 
from  Albany.  Another  railroad  extends  southward  to 
Scranton.  It  contains  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  Cath 
olio  academy,  4  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  the  New 
York  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  (the  principal  building 
of  which  is  about  365  feet  long,  and  built  of  stone  and 
brick),  and  manufactures  of  flour,  steam-engines,  carriages, 
leather,  and  boots  and  shoes.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  news- 

fapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1870,  12,692 ;  in  1880, 
7,317;  in  1890,  35,005. 

BinghamtoU)  a  township  of  Broome  oo.,  N.Y.,  adjoins 
the  city  of  Binghamton,     Pop.  2434. 

Binghamton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis., 
about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Appleton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Bing'ley)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  Aire,  and  on  the  Leeds  and  Liverpool  Canal,  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Leeds,  on  a  railway.  It  has  a  grammar-school 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  a  court-house,  sev- 
eral charities,  numerous  worsted-,  yarn-,  cotton-,  and  paper- 
manufactories,  and  some  trade  in  malt.     Pop.  (1891)  10,023. 

BingleVf  bing'lee,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
railway,  2  miles  N.  of  Cazenovia.  It  has  mills  for  plaster 
and  waterlime. 

BingHang',  BinHang',  BinHam',  or  Poo'lo- 
BinUam'  (Port.  Bintdo,  beenHowNo'),  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  crossed  by  the  equator,  and  in  Ion.  104° 
4'-104°  13'  E.  Area,  440  square  miles.  The  products  are 
gambier,  ginger,  pepper,  <fcc.  It  belongs  to  the  Sultan  of 
Johore,  but  is  practically  under  Dutch  control. 

BiniC)  bee^neek',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  CStes-du- 
Nord,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.-Brieuc.     Pop.  2738. 

Bink'ley's  Bridge^  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  Conestoga  Creek,  3  miles  from  Lancaster. 

Bin'uewater,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rosendale  township,  on  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  hy- 
draulic cement  which  produces  600  barrels  of  cement  in  a 
day  and  employs  150  men.  The  cement  is  used  for  sub- 
marine masonry. 

Binns,  a  post-ofBce  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  3  miles  from 
Coburg. 

Bin^odpoor',  a  town  of  India,  Backergunge  district. 
Lat.  23°  13'  22"  N. ;  Ion.  90°  19'  8"  E.     Pop.  5850. 

Binondo,  be-non'do,  a  suburb  of  Manila  (the  capital  of 
the  Philippines),  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Pasig 
River.     Pop.  29,211. 

Biobio,  bee'o-bee'o,  the  largest  river  in  Chili,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  flows  generally  W.N.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific 
at  Concepcion,  after  a  course  of  300  miles.  Steamboats 
navigate  it  for  100  miles. 

BiobiO)  a  province  of  Chili,  in  the  valley  of  the  river 
Biobio.     Area,  4142  square  miles.     Pop.  125,582. 

Bioglio,  be-61'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  E.N.B.  of 
Biella.     Pop.  2164. 

Biograd,  the  Ulyrian  name  of  Zaka-Vecchia. 

Biorueborg,  Bjorneborg,  be-oR'n^h-boHg\  or 
Bersburg,  bdrs'booRg,  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Enmo, 
at  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Abo.  Pop.  7346.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  some  ship- 
building, and  an  export  trade  in  timber,  pitch,  tar,  and  fisn. 

Biot)  be-o',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var,  3 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Antibes.     Pop.  1367. 

Bioul,  be-ool',  a  town  of  Belgium,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Dinant,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1520. 

Bipontium,  the  Latin  for  Dedx-Ponts. 

Bir^  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Beer^  beer 
(Turk,  Bireh-Jik  or  Bee'reh-Jeek  ;  anc.  Bir'tha),  a  walled 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on 
the  Euphrates,  115  miles  N.E.  of  Antiooh.  Lat.  37°  3'  N. ; 
Ion.  38°  E.  It  has  from  1800  to  2000  houses,  with  a  citadel 
on  a  steep  rock,  and  several  mosques.  Many  other  small 
towns  in  Arabia,  <fcc.,  have  the  prefix  Bir,  meaning  a  "  well," 
and  it  is  the  name  of  a  river  in  Abyssinia,  tributary  to  the 
Abaii. 

Birbhoom,  a  district  of  India.    See  Beerbhoom. 
Bir'chardrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Birch  Cool'ey,  a  post-township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  661. 

Birch  Creek,  a  station  in  Menominee  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Qreen  Bay  A  Lake  Superior  Railroad,  a  few  miles  N. 
of  Menominee. 


Birch  Creek,  a  former  name  of  Bernice,  Pa. 

Birch'dale,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  244. 

Birch  Hill,  a  village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent  co., 
R.I.,  1  mile  from  River  Point.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry, 
and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  443. 

Birch'ington,  a  seaport  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  Isle 
of  Thanet,  3i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Margate,  on  a  railway.  In 
the  church  are  many  ancient  monuments.     Pop.  1137. 

Birch  Ijake,  one  of  a  chain  of  lakes  on  the  line  be- 
tween Minnesota  and  Canada  (Keewatin  district),  between 
Knife  and  Bois  Blanc  Lakes. 

Birch  Point,  a  plantation  of  Somerset  oo..  Me.    P.  2. 

Birch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  oo.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  from  Gauley  Bridge.     It  has  an  academy. 

Birch  Run,  a  small  post- village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Birch  Run  township,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1213. 

Birch  Run  Ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Chester  Springs.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Birch'ton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  100. 

Birch  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.,  about 
100  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  600. 

Birch'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  James  oo.,  Tenn.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Cleaveland. 

Bird  City,  a  post-town  of  Cheyenne  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Colby,  and  30  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atwood. 
It  has  2  church  organizations,  2  banks,  a  graded  school, 
manufactures  of  hardware,  &o.,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Bird  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  6  miles 
from  Westminster. 

Bird  in  Hand,  formerly  En'terprise,  a  post- village 
of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  East  Lampeter  township,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Bird  Island,  i'land,  a  small  island  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Cape  Breton  Island.  '  Lat.  46°  23'  10"  N.;  Ion.  60°  22'  30" 
W.     On  it  is  a  light- house. 

Bird  Island,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.  Lat.  22* 
20'  N.;  Ion.  160°  W. 

Bird  Island,  one  of  the  Low  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  middle  of  the  group. 

Bird  Island,  a  post-town  of  Renville  oo.,  Minn.,  88 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Glenooe.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
creamery,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Bird  Island  Cove,  a  large  fishing-settlement  on  the 
N.  side  of  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Bona- 
vista.     Pop.  670. 

Bird  Islands,  West  Indies.    See  Atbs  Islands. 

Bird  Islands,  of  Africa.    See  Chaos. 

Bird  Rocks,  a  light-house  station  on  one  of  the  Mag- 
dalen Islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  47°  50' 
40"  N. ;  Ion.  61°  8'  20"  W. 

Birds,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Lawrenceville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bird's,  a  station  in  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  on  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Bird'sall,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Homellsville.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  3 
steam  saw-mills,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  797. 

Birdsborough,  birds'bur-rilh,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia 
&  Reading  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Wilmington  A 
Reading  Railroad,9  miles  S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  4  churches, 
4  iron-furnaces,  a  rolling-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2261. 

Bird's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Will  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Joliet.     It  is  on  the  Illinois  A  Michigan  Canal. 

Birds'eye,  a  post-town  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Huntingburg.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  750. 

Birdshan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Bhirjan. 

Bird's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  on  Mon- 
tezuma Slough,  Cal.,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Fairfield. 

Bird's  Nest,  a  hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Eastville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Bird'song  Creek,  in  the  W.  part  of  Tennessee,  enters 
the  Tennessee  River  from  the  left,  in  Benton  co. 

Bird's  Point,  a  station  in  Mississippi  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Cairo,  111.,  at  the  eastern  ter- 
minus of  the  Missouri  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain A  Southern  Railroad,  239  miles  by  rail  and  210  by  water 
below  St.  Louis. 

Bird's  Run,  a  small  post- village  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.. 


BIR 


652 


BIR 


on  the  Cleveland  &  Marietta  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  several  stores. 

Birds'ton,  or  Birds'town,  a  jjost-hamlet  of  Na- 
varro CO.,  Tex.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Wortham.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

BirdsView',  a  post-village  of  Skagit  co.,  Oregon,  25 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  La  Conner. 

Birds'ville,  a  village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  4i  miles  N.  of 
Herndon  Station.  There  are  in  the  vicinity  a  church,  a 
grain-mill,  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Birdsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Paducah.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Birdsville,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  S  miles 
from  Newport. 

Bird'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
W.  by  N.  from  Dallas.     It  has  2  or  3  dry-goods  stores, 

Bireh- Jik)  the  Turkish  for  Bir,  a  town  of  Turkey. 

Bir-es-Seba,  an  ancient  name  of  Beersheba. 

Birioossa,  Birioussa,  or  Biriusa^  be-re-oos's&,  a 
river  of  Siberia,  one  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Ona,  an 
affluent  of  the  Choona,  has  a  N.  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Biriootch,  Birioutche,  be-re-ootch',  or  Biijutsch, 
beer-yootch',  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Sosna-Tikhaia,  gov- 
ernment and  76  miles  S.S.W.  of  Voronezh.     Pop.  3062. 

Birk'dale,  a  town  of  Lancashire,  England,  1  mile  by 
rail  S.  of  Southport.     Pop.  3375. 

Birkenberg,  beeu'k^n-beRg,  or  Brezowa  Hora, 
br4-zo'w3.  ho'ik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Prague. 
Pop.  2787. 

Birkenfeld,  birk'§n-ffilt^  or  be6R'k§n-f5lt\  a  princi- 
pality of  Germany,  belonging  to  Oldenburg,  but  detached 
from  the  rest  of  that  duchy,  W.  of  the  Rhine,  and  enclosed 
by  Rhenish  Prussia.  Area,  194  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  and  well  wooded.  Principal  river,  the  Nahe, 
an  affluent  of  the  Rhine.  Chief  products,  cattle,  iron,  flax, 
hemp,  and  oil-seeds.  It  is  divided  into  3  amts, — Birken- 
feld,  Oberstein,  and  Nohfelden, — and  was  ceded  to  Olden- 
burg by  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  in  1815.  Pop.  in  1875,  37,093, 
mostly  Protestants ;  in  1890,  41,242. 

Birkenfeld,  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  above, 
near  the  Nahe,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  2245. 

Birk'enhead,  a  thriving  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Mersey,  immediately  oppo- 
site Liverpool,  and  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chester.  It  has 
wholly  risen  up  since  the  formation  of  ship-building  docks 
in  1824,  on  "Wallasey  pool,  immediately  on  its  N.W.  side ; 
and  in  1844  a  series  of  magnificent  docks  were  begun  on 
the  side  of  the  Mersey,  and  these  have  been  from  time  to 
time  very  greatly  extended.  Besides  many  spacious  streets 
and  dwellings,  there  are  a  large  square,  several  handsome 
churches,  a  medical  college,  an  institute,  a  church,  divinity 
school,  several  parks,  a  market-house  430  feet  in  length  and 
130  feet  in  breadth,  a  public  slaughter-house,  immense  ware- 
houses, yards  for  building  iron  ships,  machine-shops,  and  a 
great  variety  of  industrial  establishments.  Coal,  guano,  and 
grain  are  largely  imported ;  and  in  its  vicinity  are  numer- 
ous villas,  many  of  which  are  the  residences  of  Birkenhead 
and  Liverpool  merchants.  Birkenhead  has  railway  commu- 
nication with  all  parts  of  England.     Pop.  in  1891,  99,184. 

Birk'enshaw,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  4 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  2033. 

Birket,  beeR'k§t  or  blR'k§t  ("lake"),  the  name  of  sev- 
eral lakes  and  places  of  Egypt  and  the  East. 

Birket-el-Ballah.    See  Ballah. 

Birket- el-Hadji,  hid'jee,  or  tbe  "lake  of  pilgrims," 
a.  small  lake  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo,  on  the  banks  of  which 
the  pilgrims  to  Mecca,  by  way  of  Suez,  assemble  on  their 
departure  thither,  and  separate  on  their  return. 

Birket-el-Karn  (Korn,  or  Karoon),  or  Lake 
of  the  Horn,  a  lake  of  Egypt,  in  the  Fayoom,  is  35 
miles  long  and  7  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  It  is  shallow 
and  brackish,  and  is  fed  by  two  streams  from  the  Nile,  but 
has  itself  no  outlet.  It  has  one  considerable  island,  and  its 
surface  is  said  to  be  100  feet  below  the  ordinary  level  of  the 
Nile.  It  affords  some  fish.  It  was  long  supposed  to  be  the 
Lake  Moeris  of  antiquity ;  but  it  has  been  ascertained  that 
the  latter  was  an  artificial  basin  which  is  now  ordinarily  dry. 

Birket-Loot,  the  Arabic  name  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

Birket- el- Marioot.    See  Mareotis. 

Birk-Fell,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Ullswater,  5  miles  N.  of  Ambleside. 

Birk'ner,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  10  miles  from  East  St.  Louis, 
and  4  miles  W.  of  Belleville.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  is 
mainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal.     Pop.  about  400. 

Birks  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 


Ri\er,  10  miles  W.  of  Owensborougb.    It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Bir'iey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles  S. 
of  Cottonwood  Railroad  Station. 

Birmah,  or  Birman  Empire.    See  Burmah. 

Birinensdorf,  beeR'm^ns-doRf,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Aargau.     Pop.  981. 

Birmiiigham,  bir'ming-am,  one  of  the  principal  man- 
ufacturing towns  of  England,  co.  and  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Warwick,  100  miles  N.W.  of  London,  and  78i  miles  S.E. 
of  Liverpool.  The  town,  on  the  Rea,  occupies  the  E.  de- 
clivity of  three  hills.  In  its  centre  is  a  handsome  quarter, 
containing  the  grammar-school  of  Edward  IV.,  St.  Philip's 
and  Christ's  churches.  Queen's  College,  Midland  Institute, 
central  free  library,  theatre,  and  other  edifices.  The  uneven 
ground  on  which  the  town  is  built  facilitates  its  drainage. 
The  superb  town  hall,  in  tjie  classic  style,  occupies  a  com- 
manding site;  it  is  built  of  Anglesea  marble,  and  has  a 
saloon  145  feet  in  length,  65  feet  in  breadth,  and  the  same 
in  height.  The  free  grammar-school,  founded  in  1552,  is  a 
richly  decorated  Gothic  edifice,  rebuilt  in  1834,  after  the 
design  of  Sir  C.  Barry,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  £50,000.  It  has 
a  revenue  now  probably  amounting  to  £11,000  a  year. 
Queen's  College,  incorporated  by  royal  charter  in  1843,  and 
munificently  endowed,  is  in  connection  with  the  University 
of  London,  and  attached  to  it  are  a  medical  school  and 
Queen's  Hospital.  St.  Martin's  Church,  in  the  Bull-ring, 
was  built  in  the  eighth  century.  Other  principal  buildings 
are  a  jail,  lunatic  asylum,  theatre,  a  general  hospital,  dis- 
'pensary,  trade  and  com  exchanges,  market-hall.  Catholic 
cathedral,  barracks,  club-house,  Birmingham  town  and  dis- 
trict bank,  Midland  bank,  central  post-office,  municipal 
buildings,  and  central  railway  station,  which  last  is  a  point 
of  junction  of  railways  from  London,  Liverpool,  Derby, 
Worcester,  Ac.  The  public  institutions  comprise  a  society 
of  artists,  with  an  academy  and  annual  exhibition  of  paint- 
ings ;  public  and  free  libraries ;  baths,  dining-halls,  and 
clubs;  scientific  institute,  where  lectures  are  given  and 
classes  are  open  for  general  and  scientific  education ;  the 
Mason  College  of  Science ;  a  college  for  Dissenters,  at  Mose- 
ley ;  national  and  proprietary  schools,  and  a  great  variety 
of  other  educational  establishments ;  deaf-mute  and  Mag- 
dalen asylums ;  eye  and  ear  and  lying-in  hospitals ;  a  botanic 
garden  and  a  horticultural  society.  There  are  three  public 
parks.  Birmingham  has  made  rapid  progress  in  manufac- 
turing industry  within  the  present  century.  Its  manufac- 
tures comprise  almost  every  description  of  iron  and  steel 
goods,  brass  and  iron  founding,  saddlery,  fire-arms,  cutlery, 
gold,  silver,  plated,  bronze,  ormolu,  and  japanned  wares, 
papier-mach6  goods,  toys,  jewelry,  electro-plated  goods,  but- 
tons, steel  pens,  glass,  tools,  steam-engines,  and  all  kinds 
of  machinery.  The  annual  value  of  manufactures  has  been 
estimated  at  £4,000,000.  Among  the  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments is  the  steam-engine  factory  with  which  the  name 
of  the  celebrated  Watt  is  associated,  which  still  bears  the 
name  of  Soho,  though  removed  from  its  original  site. 
Wages  are  higher  in  Birmingham  than  in  most  of  the 
towns  of  the  north  of  England ;  and  the  condition  of  its 
artisans  is  in  favorable  contrast  to  that  exhibited  at  many 
other  places,  both  as  to  health  and  prosperity.  Birmingham 
is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  Land  and  building 
societies  are  numerous.  The  town  is  rapidly  extending,  and 
the  style  of  architecture  now  adopted  is  improving.  The 
immense  coal  and  iron  beds  of  the  district  by  which  Bir- 
mingham is  surrounded  are  the  main  source  of  its  manufac- 
turing prosperity,  which  has  also  been  greatly  aided  by 
canals  communicating  with  the  Thames,  Severn,  Mersey, 
Trent,  and  Humber,  and  more  recently  by  railways.  This 
town  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  place  where  arms  were 
manufactured  in  the  time  of  the  ancient  Britons ;  its  high 
commercial  importance  dates,  however,  only  from  the  sev- 
enteenth century.     Pop.  in  1871,  343,787 ;  in  1891,  429,171. 

Bir'minghani,  a  city,  capital  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ala., 
95  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  6  national 
banks  and  6  other  banks,  a  fine  court-house  which  cost 
$60,000,  24  churches,  8  public  and  8  private  schools,  4  roll- 
ing-mills, 9  furnaces,  2  steel-works,  several  iron-works,  and 
newspaper  offices,  a  saw-mill,  and  machine-shops  of  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad.  Its  streets  are  trav- 
ersed by  dummy-  and  horse-railroads.  Coal  and  iron  ore 
abound  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3086;  in  1890,  26,178. 

Birmingham,  a  post-borough  of  New  Haven  co.. 
Conn.,  is  on  the  Housatonic  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Naugatuck,  and  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad  and  the  New 
Haven  &  Derby  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
is  i  of  a  mile  from  Derby  Station,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  the  Naugatuck  River.     Steamboats  ascend  th« 


BIR 


653 


BIS 


Housatonio  River  to  this  place.  It  has  4  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  iron-foundry,  several  roll- 
ing-mills, a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  manu- 
factures of  corsets,  woollen  hose,  skirts,  silver-plate,  paper, 
cotton -goods,  hooks  and  eyes,  pins,  tacks  and  nails,  cutlery, 
bedsteads  of  brass  and  iron,  and  brass  goods  of  many  kinds. 
These  factories  are  partly  in  Shelton,  on  the  other  bank  of 
the  river.     Pop.  in  1890,  4413. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  cc.  111.,  on 
La  Moin  River,  in  Birmingham  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Plymouth  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1253. 

Birmingham,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Miami  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Peru. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa, 
41  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  10  miles  N,  of 
Keosauqua.  It  has  a  bank,  an  academy,  5  churches,  3  news- 
paper offices,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  ploughs,  carriages, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  626. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Paducah.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
tobacco,  wagons,  &c.     Pop.  322. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  branch  of  Rouge  River,  18  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  De- 
troit. It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs 
and  cultivators.     Pop.  899. 

Birmingham,  a  post-town  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  at  the 
junction  of  3  trunk  railroads,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car-wheels  and 
bricks.     Pop.  401. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  north  branch  of  Rancocas  Creek,  in  Pemberton  town- 
ship, and  on  a  railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  has 
1  or  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ver- 
milion River,  7  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  and  38  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  300. 

Birmingham,  or  New  Birmingham,  a  village  of 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Monroe  township,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Zanesville.  .It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  210.     Here  is  Milnersville  Post-Office. 

Birmingham,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  now  forming  a 
part  of  P'4;tsburg. 

Birmingham,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  450. 
It  contains  Dillworthtown. 

Birmingham,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
765.     It  contains  Chadd's  Ford. 

Birmingham,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  side  of  a  moun- 
tain, 17  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  and  manufactures  of  oxide  of  zinc.     Pop.  263. 

Birmingham  Falls.     See  Au  Sable  Chasm. 

Birhiagax',  or  UlA,  oo-li',  a  town  of  India,  Nuddea 
district,  Bengal,  lat.  23°  14'  30"  N.,  Ion.  88°  36'  10"  E.,  65 
miles  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  has 
a  dispensary.     Pop.  4499. 

Bir'nam,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Perth,  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dunsinane.  It 
was  anciently  included  in  a  royal  forest,  which  Shakspeare 
has  immortalized  in  his  tragedy  of  Macbeth. 

Birnbaum,  becRn'bowm  (Polish,  Miedzychod,  me-5d^- 
riK'od),  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Posen,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  3207. 

Bir'nee,  or  Old  Bir'nie,  a  large  town  of  Central 
Africa,  Borneo,  on  the  Yeoo,  70  miles  W.  of  Kooka.  Pop. 
estimated  at  10,000.  It  covers  a  space  of  several  square 
miles,  is  enclosed  by  remains  of  suDstantial  walls,  and  in 
the  days  of  its  splendor  is  said  to  have  contained  a  popula- 
tion of  200,000.  New  Birnee  is  a  walled  town  of  Borneo, 
20  miles  S.  of  Kooka. 

Bir'ney,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa. 

Biron,  beeV6N"',  a  town  of  France,  Dordogne,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Bergerac.     Pop.  501. 

Birr,  been,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
3  miles  S.  of  Brugg.  Here  Pestalozzi  commenced  his  cele- 
brated system  of  education  in  1768.     Pop.  509. 

Birr,  bir,  or  Par'sonstOAvn,  a  market-town  of  Ire- 
land, in  Kings  co.,  on  a  railway,  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dub- 
lin. It  is  a  well-built  town,  with  a  castle  belonging  to  the 
Earl  of  Rosse.  It  was  known  under  the  name  of  Biorra  in 
the  sixth  century,  and  in  the  ninth  was  the  stronghold  of 
the  O'Carrols.  Here  is  Lord  Rosse's  great  reflecting  tele- 
scope.    Pop.  in  1881,  4955;  in  1891,  4313. 


Birresborn,  bSgR'n^s-boRn^  a  hamlet  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  about  40  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Treves.     Pop.  947, 

Birse,  bSeR's^h,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern. 

Birsk,  beeusk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  on  the  Belaia,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Oofa.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silk,  woollen,  and  cotton.     Pop.  3841. 

Bir'stall,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  \  ork.  West  Riding, 
7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Leeds.  It  has  woollen-  and  worsted- 
mills,  cotton-  and  silk-factories,  and  coal-  and  iron-mines. 
Pop.  6044. 

Birtha,  the  ancient  name  of  Tekrit. 

Birth'right,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  from  Brookton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Biru,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Beeroo. 

Bisaccia,  be-s&t'ch&  (anc.  Jiom'nlx  or  Rom'ula),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  5342. 

Bisacquino,  be-s&k-kwee'no,  Busaquino,  boo-s&- 
kwee'no,  or  Busacchino,  boo-sik-kee'no,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  27  miles  S.  of  Palermo,  with  an  extensive  trade  in 
grain,  oil,  and  lint.     Pop.  8690. 

Bisagno,  be-sin'yo,  a  fertile  and  highly  cultivated  dis- 
trict in  the  vicinity  of  Genoa,  gives  name  to  the  river 
which,  passing  the  eastern  walls  of  the  city,  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean  near  the  lazaretto. 

Bisalpur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Beesulpoor. 

Bisano,  be-si'no,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
ofi"  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Celebes.     Circumference.  20  miles. 

Bisayas,  be-si'is,  a  name  given  by  the  Spaniards  to 
all  the  Philippine  Islands  between  Luzon  and  Mindanao. 

Bis'bee,  a  mining  post-town  of  Cochise  co.,  Arizona, 
about  45  miles  by  rail  S.E,  of  Tombstone.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Copper  Queen  Consolidated  Mining  Company, 
of  New  York,  the  output  of  whose  mines  is  claimed  to  be 
about  the  fifth  largest  in  the  world.     Pop.  1500. 

Biscara,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Biskara. 

Bis'cay,  or  Biscaya,  bis-ki'8,  (Sp.  Vizcaya,  vees-ki'4 
or  veeth-ki'8,),  one  of  the  three  Basque  provinces  of  North- 
ern Spain,  bounded  N.  by  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  S.  by  the 
province  of  Alava,  E.  by  Guipuzcoa,  and  W.  by  Santander. 
Area,  845  square  miles.  Capital,  Bilbao.  Pop.  in  1870, 
187,926.  Under  the  name  of  Biscay  are  sometimes  com- 
prehended the  three  Basque  provinces  of  Biscay,  Guipuz- 
coa, and  Alava.  See  Basque. Adj.  and  inhab.  Biscay'an. 

Biscay,  Bay  of.    See  Bay  op  Biscay. 

Biscayne  (bis-kain')  Bay,  near  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  Florida,  opens  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  175  miles 
N.E.  of  Key  West. 

Bisceglia,  be-shfil'yi  or  be-shS,l'yS,,  a  seaport  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  21  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Bari.  It 
has  many  fine  villas,  a  number  of  convents,  several  public  res- 
ervoirs, a  diocesan  school,  and  a  theatre.  Its  port  admits 
only  small  vessels,  and  its  trade  is  small.     Pop.  21,518. 

Bischheim,  bish'hime,  a  town  of  Alsace,  2  miles  N.  of 
Strasburg.     Pop.  3828. 

Bischofsburg,  bish'ofs-b66RG\  a  town  of  East  Pru* 
sia,  on  the  Dimmer,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  yarn  and  fabrics.     Pop.  3787. 

Bischofsheim  am  Rhein,bish'of8-hime^  im  rine,  or 
Rhein-Bischofsheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 

19  miles  S.W.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  1586. 
Bischofsheim  am  Tauber,  bish'ofs-hime'  im  tow'- 

b§r,  or  Tauber-Bischofsheim,  atown  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2833. 

Bischofsheim  vor  der  Rh5n,  bish'ofs-hime^  foR 
dfiR  ron,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Wurzburg.     Pop.  1470. 

Bischofs-Laak,  bish'ofs-l&k\  a  town  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  in  Carniola,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Laybact.   Pop.  2050. 

Bischofsstein,  bish'ofs-stine^  a  town  of  East  Prus- 
sia, 46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  It  has  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  leather,  and  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  3498. 

Bischofswerda,  bish'ofs-^fiRMi,  a  town  of  the  king- 
dom of  Saxony,  on  the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Bautzen, 

20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dresden.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen 
and  woollen  fabrics.     Pop.  3924. 

Bischofswerder,bi8h'ofs-w8rM9r  (Polish,  Biakupitcz, 
bis-koo'pe-fitch),  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  2061. 

Bischofszell,  bish'ofs-tsfilP  (i.e.,  "bishop's  cell"),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  Sitter,  near 
the  Thur,  11  miles  S.S.E,  of  Constance.     Pop,  1624. 

Bischof-Teinitz,  bish'of-ti'nits,  or  Teinitz,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  25  miles  S.W,  of  Pilsen.  It  has  a  noble  castle 
and  park,  manufactories  of  lace  and  linens,  and  glass-works. 
Pop,  2800,  -  ^ 

Bischweiler,  bish'^i-l^r  (Fr.  BUchwiller,  beeshVeel'- 


BIS 


654 


BIS 


laiR'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  on  the  Moder,  and  on  a  railway,  14 
miles  N.  of  Strasburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  linen  cloths,  gloves,  and  earthenwares.  It  has  also 
trade  in  leather,  beer,  and  agricultural  produce.  In  its 
environs  is  the  rich  iron-mine  of  Mittelhardt.     Pop.  9231. 

See  BiTSCHWEILEK. 

Bisenti)  be-s5n'tee,  or  Bisento,  be-s4n'to,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  2796. 

Bisentina,  be-sfin-tee'ni,  or  Fossentinaj  pfts-sfin- 
tee'ni,  an  islet  of  Italy,  in  Lake  Bolsena. 

BiseiiZ)  bee'sfints,  a  town  of  Moravia,  11  miles  S.W,  of 
Hradisch.  It  has  a  fine  castle  and  gardens,  and  grows  ex- 
cellent wines.     Pop.  3486. 

Bisert)  be-saiRt',  or  Vysert,  ve-saiRt',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, government  of  Perm,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  and, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  80  miles,  joins  the  Oofa  a  little 
above  Krasno-Oofimsk. 

Biserta,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bizerta. 

Bish^anpoor'  Nar'han  Khas,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Durbungah,  nearthe 
Little  Gunduck  River.     Pop.  5266. 

Bish'op,  a  post-town  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  fine  fruit- 
growing region  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Nevadas,  about  30 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Independence.  It  has  2  churches,  flour- 
and  planing-mills,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Bishop,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  HI.,  11  milea  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Havana. 

Bishop,  a  post-ofSce  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Bishop  and  Clerk,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
S.W.  of  New  Zealand.     Lat.  55°  15'  S.,-  Ion.  158°  56'  E. 

Bishop  and  Clerks,  klarks,  a  group  of  rocky  islands 
in  St.  George's  Channel,  ofif  the  coast  of  Pembrokeshire, 
Wales,  5  miles  W.  of  St.  David's. 

Bishop- Auckland,  awk'land,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  11  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Durham.  It  has  a 
palace  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  a  fine  town  house,  cotton- 
factories,  engine-works,  and  some  collieries.     Pop.  8736. 

Bish'opbridge,  or  Bish'opbriggs,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  3  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Glasgow. 
The  quarries  in  its  vicinity  furnish  much  of  the  freestone 
of  which  Glasgow  is  built.     Pop.  782. 

Bish'op  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Galva.  It 
has  3  churches,  public  schools,  and  several  stores. 

Bish'op's  Castle,  a  borough  of  England,  oo.  of  Salop, 
18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  The  town  contains 
remains  of  a  castle  of  the  Bishops  of  Hereford.     Pop.  1805. 

Bish'op's  Gate,  a  village  in  Brant  oo.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  from  Brantford.     Pop.  200. 

Bish'op's  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Bish'op's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  from  Oxford.     Pop.  150. 

Bish'op's  Stort'ford,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  10 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Hertford.     Pop.  of  parish,  6250. 

Bish'op  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  from  Adams  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bish'op's  Walt'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Hants,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winchester.     Pop.  2267. 

Bish'opthorpe,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  York.  The  palace  here  has  been  the  residence 
of  the  Archbishop  of  York  since  the  destruction  of  Cawood 
Oastlu  in  the  parliamentary  war. 

Bish'opton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  8 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Greenock.     Pop.  323. 

Bish'opville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on 
an  iulet  of  the  sea  called  St.  Martin's  River,  2  miles  from 
SelbyviUe  Station,  Del.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  several  general  stores.  Pop.  about  250. 
Many  perch  and  rock-fish  are  shipped  here. 

Bisnopville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Homer 
township,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.   It  has  2  churches. 

Bishopville,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Sumter 
CO.,  S.C,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  1701. 

Bish'op- Wear'mouth,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Durham,  and  forming  the  S.  part  of  the  town  of  Sunderland. 
See  Sunderland. 

Bisignano,  be-seen-yi'no  (anc.  Beeid'ise),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  14  miles  N.  of  Cosenza.  It  is  defended 
by  a  citadel,  and  contains  several  convents  and  churches, 
a  seminary,  2  hospitals,  and  a  house  of  refuge.     Pop.  4450. 

Biskara,  Biscara,  bis'ka-ri,  or  JBiskra,  bis'kri,  a 
town  of  Algeria,  Sahara,  214  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers.  Lat.  34° 
47'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  22'  E.     Pop.  7367. 

Biskupiecz,  the  Polish  for  Bischopswerder. 

Bis'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  3i  miles 


E.N.E.  of  Stroud.  It  has  a  church,  an  endowed  free  school, 
and  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  of  parish,  4985. 

Bismarck,  biz'mark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hot  Springs  co., 
Ark.,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Bismarck,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Danville.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Beulah  . 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  about 
25  miles  W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  250. 

Bismarck,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  181. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Miss.,  near 
Pearl  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Montecello. 

Bismarck,  a  post-village  and  Railroad  junction  of  St. 
Francois  co..  Mo.,  75  miles  S.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It 
has  manufactures  of  carriages  and  lime,  and  mines  of  lead 
(galena).     Fine  granite  is  fbund  here. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuming  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  6  miles  S.  from  Wisner,  and  about  72  miles 
N.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bismarck,  a  city,  the  capital  of  North  Dakota  and 
the  seat  of  justice  of  Burleigh  oo.,  is  situated  on  the  Mis- 
souri River  where  it  is  crossed  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad,  445  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  national  and  2  private  banks,  a  flouring-mill, 
machine-shop,  foundry,  brewery,  &,o.,  a  Catholic  seminary, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers.    Pop.  in  1890,  2186. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Sherman 
township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Norwalk.     It  has  a  church. 

Bismarck,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  Corn- 
wall township,  2  miles  W.  of  Cornwall  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture. 

Bis'mark,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  37  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Magdeburg,  with  6  yearly  markets.     Pop.  2065. 

Bisnagur,  a  deserted  city  of  India.     See  Bijanagcr. 

Bison  (bi'sgn)  Peak,  Col.,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39°  14' 
15"  N.,  Ion.  106°  29'  50"  W. ;  has  an  altitude  of  12,327  feet. 

Bissagos,  bis-s&'goce,  or  Bijoo'ja  Islands,  ofi"  the 
W.  coast  of  Africa,  consist  of  16  large  and  numerous  small 
islands,  between  lat.  10°  2'  and  11°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and 
17°  W.,  with  many  fine  ports.  They  are  in  part  claimed 
by  Portugal.  The  Bissagos  are  very  unhealthy,  and  are 
densely  peopled  by  a  savage  negro  race.  The  chief  products 
are  rice  and  fruit,  and  many  cattle  are  reared. 

Bissfto,  bis-s5wN<>',  or  Bassfto,  blLs-s5wN«',  an  island 
and  Portuguese  settlement,  opposite  the  delta  of  the  Jeba 
River.  Lat.  of  the  fort,  11°  51'  N.;  Ion.  15°  37'  6"  W. 
Pop.  8000.  This  island  was  the  great  stronghold  of  the  Por- 
tuguese slave-trade.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  hides,  rice, 
wax,  and  Gambia  produce. 

Bis'sell's,  a  post-office  of  Geauga  co.,  0. 

Bisser,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bdssaher. 

Bissingen,  bis'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  41  miles  b. 
of  Anspach.  Pop.  459.  Bissingen  is  also  the  name  of 
several  villages  of  Wiirtemberg,  the  principal  of  which  is 
19  miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1548. 

Bis^solee',  or  Bisuli,  bis^soo-lee'  (anc.  Vi»avili),  a 
town  of  British  India,  in  the  Punjab,  on  the  Ravee,  95 
miles  N.E.  of  Lahore.  It  has  a  large  bazaar,  and  a  vast 
palace,  one  of  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  East,  and  re- 
sembling a  European  feudal  mansion. 

Bis^sumpoor',  Bishnupur,  bish^niih  -  poor',  or 
Bish^enpore'  (anc.  Viahnapura),  a  town  of  the  Ban- 
coorah  district,  Bengal,  77  miles  W.N.W.  of  Calcutta.  It 
has  many  mosques  and  temples,  with  extensive  remains  of 
antiquity.  A  large  silk-manufacture  and  the  carving  of 
stone  cups  and  plates  are  carried  on.     Pop.  18,047. 

Bistagno,  bis-t&n'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Alexandria.     Pop.  2107. 

Bistam,  bis-t&m',  or  Bostam,  bos-t&m',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Astrabad. 

Bistineau,  bisHin^o',  a  lake,  situated  near  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  Louisiana,  forms  the  boundary  between  Bos- 
sier and  Bienville  parishes,  and  extends  N.  and  S.  about  30 
miles,  following  the  bondings,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  about 
2  miles.  The  Doreheat  Bayou  enters  the  lake  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity, and  a  short  outlet  connects  it  with  Red  River  on 
the  S.     Steamboats  navigate  its  whole  extent. 

Bistricza,  bis-treet's&,  a  town  of  Croatia,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Agram.     Pop,,  with  commune,  6117. 

Bistritz,  bis'trits,  a  river  of  Transylvania,  rises  in  the 
Bistritz  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Szamos  after  a  W.  course 
of  about  50  miles. 

Bistritz,  a  river,  rises  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Hungary, 
flows  S.E.  through  Bukr  wina  and  Moldavia,  and  joins  the 


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S«reth  near  Bakau.  Length,  about  110  miles.  It  is  named 
the  "  Golden  Bistritz,"  from  its  auriferous  sands. 

Bistritz,  a  fortified  town  of  Transylvania,  in  Saxon- 
land,  on  the  Bistritz  River,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Klausenburg. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  gymnasium,  grammar-schools,  and 
a  considerable  trade  in  cattle.     Pop.  7212. 

Bistritz,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  on  the  "Golden"  Bis- 
tritz, 60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yassy.  Bistritz  is  also  the  name 
of  several  villages  in  Moravia,  Bohemia,  and  lUyria. 

Bisuli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bissolee. 

Bisutoon,  or  Bisutnn.    See  Behistuk. 

Bitburg,  bit'boSRG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Treves.  Near  it  many  Roman  antiquities  have 
been  discovered.     Pop.  2360. 

Bitche,  a  town  of  Alsace-Lorraine.     See  Bitsoh. 

Bitetto,  be-t5t'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  mile?  by  rail  S. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  5340. 

Bithoor,  or  Bithur,  beeHhoor',  a  town  of  India,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Cawnpoor,  on  the  Ganges.     Pop.  8322. 

Bithyn'ia,  an  ancient  country  in  the  N.W.  of  Asia 
Minor,  bounded  N.  by  the  Black  Sea  and  W.  by  the  Sea  of 
Marmora.  It  was  long  a  Persian  satrapy,  was  an  inde- 
pendent kingdom  from  278  to  274  B.C.,  and  then  became  a 
Roman  province.  In  1298  it  was  conquered  by  the  Turks, 
who  have  held  the  greater  part  of  it  ever  since.  Ancient 
capitals,  Nicomedia  and  Nicsea. 

Bitioog,  Bitiong)  or  Biting,  be-te-oog',  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  the  government  of  Tam- 
bov, and,  after  a  S.  course  of  above  130  miles,  joins  the  Don 
on  the  left  about  15  miles  above  Pavlovsk. 

Bitlis,  bitMees'  or  bitUiss',  or  Betlis,  bet-lees',  written 
also  Biddis  and  Bedlis,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  62 
miles  W.  of  Van,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Van,  and  5156 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  irregularly  built,  and  its 
stone  houses  give  it  the  appearance  of  a  European  town. 
It  contains  3  mosques,  12  convents,  some  baths  and  caravan- 
saries, and  an  old  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
cloths  celebrated  for  their  bright-red  dye,  also  of  fire-arms 
and  silver  articles,  and  it  exports  tobacco  of  superior  qual- 
ity.    Pop.  about  20,000. 

Bitonto,  be-ton'to  (anc.  Bitun'tum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bari.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  hand- 
somely built  and  thriving,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral.  Ex- 
cellent wine  and  oil  are  raised  in  the  vicinity.    Pop.  24,978. 

Bitritto,  be-trit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  6i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Bari.     It  has  commerce  in  wine.     Pop.  2300. 

Bitsch,  or  Bitche,  beetch,  a  town  and  fortress  of  Al- 
sace-Lorraine, in  a  pass  of  the  Vosges,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Saargemund.  The  fort,  on  an  isolated  rock  in  the  middle 
of  the  town,  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  is  regarded  aA 
next  to  impregnable.  In  the  war  of  1870-71  it  was  be- 
sieged and  bombarded,  but  held  out  against  Germany  till 
the  end  of  the  war.  The  town,  near  a  lake,  has  manufac- 
tures of  paper  and  porcelain,  and  near  it  are  large  glass- 
works.    Pop.  3047. 

BitschAVeiler,  beetch'^^n^r  (in  French,  Bitachwiller, 
beetchVeeriaiR'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Belfort,  on  the  Thuren.  It  has  extensive  iron-foundries, 
manufactures  of  machinery,  and  cotton-spinning.  Pop. 
2842.     See  Bischweiler. 

Bit'ter  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, runs  nearly  westward  in  Sweetwater  co.,  and  enters 
Green  River  about  1  mile  from  Green  River  Station  of  the 
Pacific  Railroad.     Coal  or  lignite  abounds  near  this  creek. 

Bitter  Creek,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  212  miles  W.  of  Laramie. 

Bitterfeld,  bit't§r-f§lt\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Mulde,  at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Halle.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and 
«arthenware,  and  was  founded  by  a  colony  of  Flemings  in 
the  twelfth  century.     Pop.  4972. 

Bitter  Lakes,  two  basins,  known  respectively  as  the 
Great  and  Small  Bitter  Lakes,  on  the  Isthmus  of  Suez,  are 
traversed  by  the  Suez  Canal,  and  together  afi"ord  23  miles  of 
the  canal's  course.  The  smaller  lake  is  6  miles  N.  of  Suez, 
and  the  larger  is  between  the  small  lake  and  Lake  Timsah. 
When  the  canal  was  cut  these  lakes  were  nearly  dry. 

Bitter  Root  Mountains,  a  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  extending  along  the  boundary  between  Idaho 
and  Montana.  The  range  extends  from  lat.  46°  30'  nearly 
to  48°  N.  Gold  is  found  near  these  mountains,  which  are 
mostly  composed  of  granite  or  eozoic  rocks. 

Bitter  Root  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rooky 
Mountains,  runs  northward,  drains  part  of  Missoula  co.,  and 
unites  with  the  Hell  Gate  River  about  3  miles  below  Mis- 
soula. The  stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  variously 
called  Bitter  Root  or  Missoula,  and  is  a  branch  of  Clarke's 


River.     The  upper  part  of  the  Bitter  Root  is  sometime* 
called  St.  Mary's  River.     Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Bitter  Water,  a  post-oflBce  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Bitti,  bit'tee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  &S 
miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  3072. 

Bittoor,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Bitboor 

Bituntnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Bitonto. 

Bitnriges,  the  ancient  name  of  Bourges. 

Bitnrritse,  the  ancient  name  of  B^darrides. 

Biv'en's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa. 

Biveri,  be-vi'ree,  Biviere,  be-ve-i'ri,  or  Lentini, 
14n-tee'nee,  a  lake  of  Sicily,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Agosta. 
In  winter  it  is  about  19  miles  in  circuit,  but  a  great  part  of 
it  is  in  summer  a  pestiferous  marsh.     It  afibrds  much  fish. 

Biv'ingsville,  a  village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  5i 
miles  from  Spartanburg  Court-House.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  grist-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bivio,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Stalla. 

Bivona,  be-vo'n4  (anc.  Hippo'nium  and  Vi'bo),  a  town 
of  Sicily,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  4017 

Biwako,  a  lake  of  Japan.     See  Oits  Mitsoo. 

Biysk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Busk. 

Bize,  beez,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aude,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Narbonne.     Pop.  1280. 

Bizerta,  be-zeR't4,  or  Benzerta,  bfin-z^R'ti  (anc. 
Hip'po  Zir'ituB  or  Zar'ytus),  the  most  northern  town  of 
Africa,  a  fortified  seaport  of  Tunis,  at  the  head  of  a  gulf  of 
the  Mediterranean,  and  at  the  mouth  of  a  lagoon,  38  miles 
N.W.  of  Tunis.  It  is  defended  by  two  castles,  but  is  com- 
manded by  adjacent  heights.  Though  its  port  now  admits 
only  small  vessels,  it  was  formerly  one  of  the  best  in  the 
Mediterranean.   Its  lagoon  has  important  fisheries.   P.  8000. 

Bizovac,  bee'soVik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Slavoni» 
12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eszek.     Pop.  6663. 

Bj.  Names  of  places  in  Russia,  Ac,  beginning  with  these 
letters  are  referred  to  Bi. 

Bjorkd,  byoR'kb,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  Lake  Mselar, 
about  13  miles  from  Stockholm.  On  it  are  many  ruins,  and 
it  is  supposed  that  here  stood  the  city  of  Bjorko. 

Black,  a  station  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  California, 
20  miles  N.  of  Davisville. 

Black,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  6291.  It 
contains  the  city  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Black,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent  County 
Railroad,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Chestertown. 

Black  Ash,  apost-officeof  Henry  co.,  0.,  is  at  Standley 
Station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Black  Ash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Cochranton.     It  has  a  church. 

Black  Band,  a  post-office  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Dover. 

Black  Bayon,  bl'oo,  a  small  stream  of  Terre  Bonne 
parish,  La.,  communicates  through  Atchafalaya  Bayou  with 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  navigable  by  small  steamers  from 
the  gulf  to  Tigerville. 

Black  Bayon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caddo  parish.  La., 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shreveport.  It  is  a  French  settlement, 
and  has  a  few  stores. 

Black  Bayou,  a  hamlet  of  Tallahatchie  eo.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Black  Bear,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Siskiyou 
CO.,  Cal.,  140  miles  N.N.E.  of  Redding.  It  has  a  gold- 
mine and  a  quartz-mill. 

Black'berry,  a  township  of  Kane  co.,  III.,  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Aurora.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Galena  division),  and  contains  vil- 
lages named  Blackberry  and  La  Fox.     Pop.  1173. 

Blackberry,  a  post- village  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in  Black- 
perry  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
44  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  hotel,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Blackberry,  a  station  on  the  Duluth  &  Winnipeg 
Railroad,  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.,  90  miles  by  rail  W.'of 
Duluth. 

Blackberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Martinsville. 

Black'bird,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  oo.,  Del.,  and 
a  station  1  mile  distant  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  16  mile* 
N.  of  Dover. 

Blackbird,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holt  oo..  Neb.,  near  the 
Ponca  Indian  Reservation,  18  miles  N.  of  O'Neill. 

Blackbird  (post-office,  Omaha  Agency),  a  village  of 
Thurston  oo..  Neb.,  65  miles  by  land  N.  by  W.  of  Omaha, 
and  3  miles  from  Missouri  River.  It  is  the  seat  of  Omaha 
Indian  Agency.     Pop.  in  1890,  417. 

Black  Brook,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.T.,  iv 


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656 


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Bla^k  Brook  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  bloom-forges.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Saranac  River,  and  has  mines 
of  iron  ore.     The  surface  is  mountainous.     Total  pop.  3561. 

Black  Brook,  a  post-township  of  Polk  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
694.     It  contains  Clear  Lake  Railroad  Station. 

Black'burn,  a  borough  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  at 
a  railway  junction,  15  miles  E.  of  Preston,  and  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  extensive  cotton-  and  wool- 
len-mills, machine-works,  foundries,  and  breweries  (cotton 
goods  being  the  leading  product),  a  fine  park,  a  town  hall, 
court-house,  and  other  public  buildings.  Coal,  limestone, 
and  building-stone  are  here  abundant.     P.  (1891)  120,064. 

Blackburn,  a  post-town  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  39  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Glasgow.  It  contains  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  500. 

Black  Bnttes,  butes,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co., 
Wyoming,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of 
Rawlins. 

Black  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
flows  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Genesee  River  4  or  5 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Angelica.  The  Genesee  Valley  Canal 
follows  the  course  of  this  creek  for  about  10  miles. 

Black  Creek,  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into  the 
Neuse  a  few  miles  below  Smithfield. 

Black  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  and, 
flowing  S.E.,  enters  the  Pascagoula  River  near  the  centre  of 
Jackson  co.     Length,  nearly  120  miles. 

Black  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Chesterfield  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Darlington  co.,  and  enters  the 
Great  Pedee  River  about  15  miles  E.  of  Darlington  Court- 
House.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  S.B.  of  Sylvania. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  Parish,  La.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Black  Creek,  a  station  in  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Ludington. 
Here  is  Ferryville  Post-Office. 

Black  Creek,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.    See  Alua. 

Black  Creek,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1418.     It  contains  Shelby  ville. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  New  Hudson  township,  5  miles  from  Cuba  Station,  and 
about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Black  Creek  township,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N,  of  Qoldsborough.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1474. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in 
Richland  township,  1  mile  from  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Ver- 
non <fc  Columbus  Ilailroad.  Black  Creek  Station  is  at  Na- 
poleon, 71  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Black  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  1087. 

Black  Creek,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
569.  It  contains  Gowen  Falls,  Run  City,  and  part  of  New 
London,  and  has  mines  of  coal. 

Black  Creek,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  474. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  in 
Black  Creek  township,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  <fc  Minnesota 
Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  The  town- 
ship haa  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1009. 

Black  Creek,  Perth  co.,  Ontario.     See  Sebringville. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Niagara  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Fort  Erie. 
Pop.  150. 

Black  Creek  Junction,  in  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  is  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Hazleton  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road where  the  Mahanoy  division  unites  with  it,  3  miles  W. 
of  Penn  Haven. 

Black  Di'amond,  formerly  New  York,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  on  Suisun  Bay,  6  miles  from 
Antioch,  and  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is 
at  the  junction  of  the  Sacramento  &  San  Joaquin  Rivers. 
It  is  a  shipping-point  for  coal,  which  is  mined  near  this 
place.  It  has  a  brick-yard,  and  a  cannery  for  salmon,  and 
is  connected  by  railroad  with  Somersville. 

Black  Diamond,  a  post-village  of  King  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 31  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Seattle.  It  has  a  church 
and  mines  of  coal.     Pop.  600. 

Black  Earth,  a  po3t-;village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in 
Black  Earth  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  is  on  a 
ereek  of  its  own  name.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 


Black'feet  Indians,  a  tribe  of  aborigines  now  living 
in  Montana  and  British  America.  They  comprise  the  sib- 
tribes  of  Bloods,  Piegans,  Small  Robes,  Blaekfeet  proper, 
and  others,  are  very  generally  Roman  Catholics,  and  are 
now  friendly  to  the  whites.  There  are  about  7200  Black- 
feet  in  the  United  States.  The  Blaekfeet  Sioux  are  of 
Dakota  stock,  and  entirely  distinct  from  the  above. 

Black'foot,  a  post-town  of  Idaho,  and  the  capital  of 
Bingham  co.,  on  the  Utah  Northern  division  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  system,  158  miles  N.  of  Ogden,  Utah.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  flour-  and  planing-mills,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  state  insane  asylum.    Pop.  750. 

Black'foot  City,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,. 
Montana,  is  on  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  32  miles  N.W. 
of  Helena.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Blackfoot  Creek,  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  north- 
westward, and  enters  the  Snake  River  or  Lewis  Fork  about 
lat.  43°  8'  N.  It  is  nearly  120  miles  long.  It  traverses  a 
mountainous  country. 

Blackfoot  River,  Montana,  rises  in  Deer  Lodge  co., 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs  nearly  southwestward, 
and  unites  with  the  Hell  Gate  River  in  Missoula  co.,  about 
7  miles  above  the  town  of  Missoula. 

Black'ford,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  170  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Salamonie  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  &c.,  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  systems. 
Capital,  Hartford  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6272 ;  in  1880,  8020 ; 
in  1890,  10,461. 

Black  Forest  (Ger.  Schwarzwald,  shwaRts'^ilt),  a 
mountainous  region  of  Southwestern  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Baden  and  the  W.  of  Wiirtemberg,  between  lat. 
47°  30'  and  49°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  7°  40'  and  9°E.,  separating 
the  basins  of  the  Rhine  and  Neckar.  It  is  remarkable  for 
its  extensive  forests,  and  its  mines  of  silver,  copper,  zinc, 
lead,  and  iron ;  in  many  places  it  is  3700  feet  above  the 
sea,  and  the  Feldberg,  4675  feet  in  elevation,  is  the  loftiest 
mountain  in  Western  Germany.  The  Danube,  Neckar,  Kin- 
zig,  Murg,  Eltz,  Ac,  rise  in  this  region,  the  inhabitants  of 
which  are  mainly  engaged  in  rearing  live-stock,  trading  in 
timber,  and  manufacturing  wooden  clocks,  toys,  and  woollen 
fabrics.  Schwarzwald  (Black  Forest)  is  one  of  the  four 
circles  of  the  kingdom  of  Wiirtemberg.  Area,  1843  square 
miles.  Capital,  Reutlingen.  Pop.  in  1875,  454,937.  It 
was  included  in  the  Hercyn'ia  Syl'va  of  the  ancient  Romans. 
The  mountains  of  the  Schwarzwald  were  sometimes  called 
Hercyn'ii  Mon'tea. 

Black  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Ark. 

Black  Fork,  Ohio,  a  branch  of  the  Mohican  River, 
rises  in  Richland  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  unites  with 
the  Clear  Fork  in  the  S.  part  of  Ashland  co.  It  is  nearly 
70  miles  long. 

Black  Fork  of  Green  River  rises  in  the  Uintah  Moun- 
tains, in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wyoming.  It  runs  northward, 
eastward,  and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Green  River 
about  8  miles  S.  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  nearly 
120  miles  long. 

Blackfork,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Black  Fox,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Johnson  oo.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  li  miles 
N.  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  about  90  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Little  Rock. 

Black  Hall,  a  station  in  Old  Lyme  township.  New 
London  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  15  miles  W, 
of  New  London. 

Black  Ham'mer,  a  post-township  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Winona.     Pop.  908. 

Black  Hand,  a  station  and  village  in  Muskingum  co.,. 
0.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Zanesville.  Near  this  place  the  Licking  River  flows  through 
a  remarkable  gorge  or  canon,  and  the  place  takes  its  name 
from  what  is  considered  to  be  the  impression  of  a  human  hand 
upon  a  rock.  The  village  is  half  a  mile  from  the  station, 
and  has  2  churches. 

Black  Hawk,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cedar  River,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal 
sections,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Wapsipinicon.  The 
surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  this  county  is  prairie.  AVheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  horses,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  It  i» 
intersected  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad. 
Capital,  Waterloo.     Pop.  in  1880,  23,913  j  in  1890,  24,21 ». 


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Black  Hawk,  a  mining  post-town  of  Gilpin  Co.,  Col., 
is  situated  on  the  Snowy  or  Front  Range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Denver.  It  has  2 
churches  and  important  mining  and  smelting  industries. 
Pop.  1067.  In  its  vicinity  is  James  Peak,  about  14,300 
feet  high. 

Black  Hawk,  a  station  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Rock  Island  <fc  Mercer  County  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of 
Rock"  Island  City.  Black  Hawk  Township  contains  Camden 
(or  Milan),  and  has  a  population  of  1723. 

Black  Hawk,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  763. 

Black  HaAVk,  township,  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  557. 

Black  Hawk,  township,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  988. 

Black  Hawk,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad.     Here  is  a  church. 

Black  Hawk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Concordia  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  above  Bayou  Sara. 

Black  Hawk,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Vaiden.  It  has  2  churches,  a  college,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  carriage-shop,  &c. 

Black  Hawk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  about 
33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg  and  about  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Beaver.     It  has  several  stores. 

Black  HaAvk,  a  post-village  of  Meade  co.,  S.D.,  in 
the  Black  Hills,  on  the  Elkhorn  Valley  Railroad,  38  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Deadwood,  and  7  miles  from  Rapid  City. 
Pop.  250. 

Black  Hawk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Troy  township,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Black  Hawk  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Grundy  co.,  runs 
eastward  and  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in 
Black  Hawk  co.,  about  1  mile  above  Waterloo. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  in  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  E. 
of  Lizard  Point;  lat.  50°  N.,  Ion.  5°  7'  W. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  An- 
trim, N.  of  the  entrance  of  Belfast  Lough ;  lat.  54°  46'  N., 
Ion.  5°  42'  W. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Clare, 
S.  side  of  Galway  Bay;  lat.  53°  9'  N.,  Ion.  9°  16'  W. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigton,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Stranraer. 

Black  Head  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  Altitude,  12,514 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Black'heath,  an  open  common  in  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  5  miles  S.E.  of  London,  and  mostly  in  the  parish 
of  Greenwich,  and  adjoining  its  park.  It  is  bordered  by 
numerous  handsome  villas  and  rows  of  houses ;  and  on  it 
is  Morden  College  for  decayed  merchants.  Blackheath  is 
crossed  by  the  Roman  Watling  Street,  and  is  reached  by 
several  railways ;  on  it  various  remains  of  the  Middle  Ages 
have  been  discovered.  It  is  a  favorite  place  of  holiday 
resort  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  metropolis. 

Black  Hills,  a  group  of  mountains  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  South  Dakota  and  the  N.E.  part  of  Wyoming,  cover- 
ing an  area  in  the  aggregate  of  about  9000  square  miles. 
Harney  Peak,  the  highest  of  this  group,  has  an  altitude  of 
7403  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  They  are  covered  with 
extensive  forests  of  pine  and  other  coniferous  trees.  The 
Pinua  ponderoaa  abounds  here.  The  Azoic  rocks,  which 
form  their  central  mass,  are  flanked  with  strata  of  Pots- 
dam sandstone.  Hayden  found  Carboniferous  strata  rest- 
ing on  those  of  the  Potsdam  period.  "  The  nucleus,"  says 
Hayden,  "is  massive  feldspathio  granite."  Gold,  good 
carboniferous  limestone,  lead,  and  other  minerals  are  found 
among  these  mountains.  The  gold  is  found  in  connection 
with  quartz  and  metamorphio  slate.  This  group  is  en- 
vironed by  two  branches  of  the  Cheyenne  River.  This  region 
is  well  wooded  and  well  watered,  produces  excellent  natural 
pasture,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  dairy  business.  "  To  a 
settler  in  a  new  country,"  says  Jenney,  "  no  question  is  of 
greater  importance  than  the  purity  and  abundance  of  the 
supply  of  water ;  and  in  this  respect  the  Black  Hills  are  un- 
equalled by  any  region  in  the  Great  West."  "  The  Black 
Hills  are  an  oasis  of  verdure  among  the  open  and  level 
plains.  A  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  spreads  over  the  whole 
re^on."    The  soil  in  the  valleys  and  parks  is  very  fertile. 

Black  Horse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  an  acad- 
emy, and  2  churches. 

Black  Horse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  46 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Black'iuton,  a  post- village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Adams  and  Williamstown  townships,  on  the  Troy  &  Boston 
Railroad  and  the  Hoosac  River.  3  miles  W.  of  North  Adams, 


and  2  miles  E.  of  Williams  College.  It  has  a  church,  a 
public  library,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  fancy 
oassimere. 

Black  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mclntoeh  co., 
Ga.     Pop.  15. 

Black  Island,  an  island  at  the  entrance  to  Exploits 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  15  miles  from  Twillingate. 

Black  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  in  the  en- 
trance to  Blue  Hill  Bay. 

Black  Isle,  in  Scotland.    See  Crouartt  (the  shire). 

Black  Jack,  a  hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  30  miles 
from  Fort  Smith.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Black  Jack,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas, 
about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Miss.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Saulsbury,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Black  Jack,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  799. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  from  Springfield.     It  has  10  families. 

Black  Jack  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co., 
Tex.,  35  miles  from  Mineola.  It  has  4  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  seminary,  and  a  broom-factory. 

Black  Jack  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co., 
Tex.,  10  miles  from  Schulenburg. 

Black  Lake,  of  Natchitoches  parish.  La.,  is  formed  by 
a  bayou  of  its  own  name,  and  discharges  its  waters  through 
Saline  Bayou. 

Black  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  W.  part  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  20  miles 
long,  and  is  quite  narrow  in  proportion  to  its  length.  In- 
dian River  enters  the  south  end  of  this  lake,  the  shores  of 
which  are  low.  The  water  is  discharged  by  a  short  outlet, 
which  runs  from  the  north  end  into  the  Oswegatchie  River. 

Black  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Black  Lake,  in  Norton  township,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  2 
saw-mills. 

Black  Lake  Bayou,  Louisiana,  drains  parts  of  Clai- 
borne and  Bienville  parishes,  runs  southward,  and  enters 
Black  Lake  in  Natchitoches  parish.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Black'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockwall  co.,  Tex.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Rockwall. 

Black'lands,  a  post- village  in  Restigouche  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  10  miles  by  rail  from  Dalhousie.     Pop.  250. 

Black'ley,  or  Blake'ly,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
of  Lancaster,  4  miles  N.  of  Manchester.  Some  of  the  largest 
dye-works  in  England  are  established  here.     Pop.  5073. 

Blackleysville,  black'liz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  in  Plain  township,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wooster.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Black  Lick,  or  Smith'ville,  a  post-village  of  Frank 
lin  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  church.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Black  Lick. 

Black  Lick,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.   Pop.  646. 

Black  Lick,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1016. 

Black  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Black  Lick  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Cone 
maugh  in  Indiana  co. 

Black  Lick  Station,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Indiana  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  of  Indiana  borough.  It  has  2  churches,  coal- 
works,  and  manufactures  of  tiles. 

Black  Log  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  extends  from 
the  Juniata  River  southwestward,  along  the  S.E.  boundary 
of  Mifflin  CO.,  separating  it  from  Juniata  co. 

Black'ly's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0. 

Black'man,  township,  Jackson  co...  Mich.     Pop.  1368. 

Black'man's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co..  N.C. 

Black'mar,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
shingle-mill. 

Black  Mingo  (ming'go),  a  post-office  of  Williamsburg 
CO.,  S.C. 

Black'mon's,  a  station  in  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Black'monton,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  10 
miles  from  Vaiden. 

Blackmore,  Mount.     See  Mount  Blackmork. 

Black  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Canon  City.  Altitude, 
11,626  feet.     It  is  near  lat.  38°  43'  N. 

Black  Mountains,  a  group  of  mountains  in  the  W. 
part  of  North  Carolina,  mostly  in  Yancey  co.     They  are 


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the  highest  mountains  of  the  Appalachian  system.  Some 
portions  of  this  group  are  only  about  5  miles  W.  of  the  Blue 
Ridge.  According  to  the  measurement  of  Thomas  L.  Cling- 
man,  one  of  the  peaks  rises  6941  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
«ea.  This  is  sometimes  called  Clingman's  Peak.  Another 
peak,  measured  by  Prof.  Guyot  and  called  by  him  the  Black 
Dome,  has  an  altitude  of  6707  feet,  and  is  now  generally 
conceded  to  be  the  highest  peak  in  the  state.  This  was 
formerly  known  as  Mitchell's  Peak.  There  are  12  peaks 
which  are  higher  than  Mount  "Washington,  N.H.  Among 
their  names  are  Sandoz  Knob,  Balsam  Cone,  and  Hairy  Bear. 
Extensive  forests  of  fir  and  other  evergreen  trees  grow  on 
these  mountains. 

JBlack'uess,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 

Black  Oak,  a  post-oflSce  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Black  Oak,  a  station  in  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  168  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Black  Oak,  township,  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1056. 

Black  Oak,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland. 

Black  Oak,  a  hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.  Its 
post-ofl5ce  is  Red  Wing,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul. 

Black  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  Co.,  Mo.,  16 
miles  from  Breekenridge, 

Black  Oak,  a  station  in  Enox  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Enoxville. 

Black  Oak,  a  post-o£&ce  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  24  miles 
from  Mineola. 

Black^pool',  a  flourishing  watering-place  of  England, 
in  Lancashire,  on  the  Irish  sea,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Preston.  It  has  a  park,  library,  2  piers,  a  fine  parade, 
electric  trams,  winter  gardens,  an  aquarium,  good  public 
buildings,  and  is  much  visited  for  sea-bathing.  Pop.  in 
1881,  14,229;  in  1891,  23,846. 

Black  Riv'er,  Michigan,  rises  in  Sanilac  co.,  runs  south- 
ward and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  St.  Clair  River  at 
or  near  Port  Huron.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Black  River,  Missouri,  drains  the  greater  part  of 
Johnson  oo.,  and  runs  northeastward  to  Saline  co.,  tnrough 
which  it  flows  in  an  E.  direction.  It  enters  the  La  Mine 
River  in  Cooper  co.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Boonville.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long.  Two  affluents,  called  Dan's  Fork 
and  Salt  Fork,  enter  it  from  the  N.  or  left  hand. 

Black  River,  or  Big  Black  River,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Missouri,  and  runs  nearly  southeastward  to  Poplar 
Bluff.  After  it  has  passed  into  Arkansas  its  general  direction 
is  southwestward.  It  enters  the  White  River,  of  which  it  is 
the  largest  affluent,  at  Jacksonport,  Ark.  Its  whole  length 
is  nearly  400  miles.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  about  100 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Black  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  line  between 
Hamilton  and  Herkimer  cos.  It  drains  the  N.E.  part  of 
Oneida  co.,  intersects  Lewis  co.,  and  passes  thence  to  Jefferson 
CO.,  through  which  it  runs  westward  until  it  enters  Lake 
Ontario  about  8  miles  below  Watertown.  It  is  nearly  200 
miles  long.  At  Lyon's  Falls,  in  Lewis  co.,  this  river  falls 
63  feet,  below  which  cataract  it  is  navigable  40  miles  to 
Carthage.  Boats  can  pass  from  this  river  to  the  Erie  Canal 
through  the  Black  River  Canal,  which  extends  from  Rome 
to  Lyon's  Falls. 

Black  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  southward  in  Samp- 
eon  00.,  and  enters  the  South  River  on  the  east  border  of 
Bladen  co. 

Black  River,  Ohio,  drains  part  of  Medina  co.,  runs 
northward  through  Lorain  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about 
12  miles  below  Elyria,  which  is  on  the  bank  of  this  stream. 

Black  River,  South  Carolina,  drains  parts  of  Sumter 
and  Clarendon  cos.,  runs  southeastward  through  Williams- 
burg CO.,  aiid  enters  the  Waccamaw  River  about  3  miles  from 
Georgetown.     Length,  nearly  160  miles. 

Black  River,  a  small  stream  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  runs 
In  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  Lake  Memphremagog. 
Vermont  has  another  small  Black  River,  which  drains  the 
ri.  part  of  Windsor  co.  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River. 

Black  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Taylor  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Clark  co.  to  Neillsville,  below  which  its 
general  direction  is  southwest.  It  passes  by  Black  River 
Falls,  intersects  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  15  miles  above  La  Crosse.     It  is  200  miles  long. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  Jamaica,  after  a  tortuous  south- 
ward course  of  33  miles  enters  Black  River  Bay  in  the  Carib- 
bean Sea.     At  its  mouth  is  Black  River,  a  port  of  entry. 

Black  River,  of  Charlevoix  oo.,  Quebec,  runs  through 
a  very  extensive  and  fertile  tract  of  land,  and  enters  the 
St.  Lawrence  opposite  Hare  Island,  20  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Sa<;uenay. 


Black  River,  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  enters  the  Ot- 
tawa from  the  N.  after  a  course  of  128  miles.  It  runs 
through  a  heavily-wooded  country. 

Black  River,  a  post-borough  and  lumber-shipping 
point  of  Alcona  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  34  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Au  Sable.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school, 
and  is  the  headquarters  of  the  lumber  business  of  Alger, 
Smith  &  Co.,  who  ship  about  100,000,000  feet  annually. 
Pop.  626. 

Black  River,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Carthage,  and  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  3  churches,  publio 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  4  wood-pulp-mills,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  3  chair-factories.  It  has  abundant  water-power. 
Pop.  970. 

Black  River,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.    P.  760. 

Black  River,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  about  26  miles  W.  of 
Cleveland.    Pop.  838.    See  Lorain. 

Black  River,  township,  Georgetown  oo.,  B.C.   Pop.  960. 

Black  River,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  100. 

Black  River,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  oo..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  17  miles  from  St.  John. 
Ship-building  is  engaged  in  here.     Pop.  200. 

Black  River  Falls,  the  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis., 
is  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad,  127  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  55  miles  S.E. 
of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  a  number  of  saw-mills  and  flour- 
mills  in  the  vicinity.  It  contains  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  high-school,  5  hotels,  a  charcoal  pig- 
iron  blast-furnace,  a  starch -factory,  a  sash-  and  blind-fac- 
tory, with  manufactures  of  agricultural  implements,  &o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2261. 

Black  River  Station,  or  St.-Agapit-de-Beau* 
rivage,  s&Nt-i^gi^pee'-d§h-b5're-vizh',  a  post-village  in 
LotbiniSre  co.,  Quebec,  21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Quebec. 

Black  Rock,  Ireland.     See  Dublin. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  3  miles  from  Bridgeport.  It  has  a 
chemical  manufactory,  a  church,  and  a  large  hotel. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
about  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Black  Rock,  a  former  village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Niagara  River  where  it  issues  from  Lake  Erie,  2  miles  N. 
of  Buffalo.  It  is  now  a  part  of  Buffalo.  Here  is  a  railroad 
station  called  Black  Rook. 

Black  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  Schuylkill  River,  li  miles  from  Phoenixville. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-office  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  near  the 
Maryland  line. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

Black  Run,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Black's,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  97  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Blacks  and  Whites,  Virginia.    See  Blackstone. 

Blacks'burg,  a  post-town  of  York  co.,  S.C,  28  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Yorkville  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte, 
N.C.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop. 
(1890)  1245. 

Blacksbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  cc^Va., 
8  miles  from  Christiansburg,  and  about  75  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lynchburg.  It  has  a  bank,  and  5  churches.  Here  is  the 
Virginia  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College.     Pop.  950. 

Black's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  Imlay. 

Black  or  Euxine  (tik'sin)  Sea  (Fr.  Mer  Noire,  maiR 
nwaR;  anc.  Pon'tus  Euxi'nus/  Turk.  Kara  Bengie,  k&'r& 
dSng'is),  a  great  inland  sea  between  Europe  and  Asia,  be- 
tween lat.  40°  45'  and  46°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  27°  30'  and  41" 
50'  E.  Extreme  length,  700  miles;  greatest  breadth,  380 
miles.  Area,  168,500  square  miles.  Its  drainage-area  is  about 
940,000  square  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by  Russia,  Rouma- 
nia,  and  Asiatic  and  European  Turkey,  and  communicates 
by  the  Strait  of  Yenikale  with  the  Sea  of  Azof  on  the  N.E., 
and  by  the  Bosporus  with  the  Sea  of  Marmora  in  the  S.W. 
The  shores  of  the  Euxine  are  bold  and  high  on  the  N.E., 
E.,  and  S.W.,  but  flat  on  the  N.  and  N.W. ;  its  depth  varies 
from  4  to  48  fathoms  near  its  shores,  but  in  the  middle  no 
soundings  have  been  obtained  at  160  fathoms.  The  water 
has  on  the  average  only  one-half  the  salinity  of  the  ocean. 
It  has  numerous  small  ports ;  but  the  only  gulf  of  impor 
tance  is  that  of  Eerkinit,  between  the  Crimea  and  the  conti- 
nent of  Russia.  There  are  several  islands  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Danube,  but  few  elsewhere.  The  chief  affluents  are 
the  Danube,  Dniester,  Bug,  Dnieper,  the  Don  (by  the  Sea 
of  Azof  and  the  Strait  of  Yenikale),  and  the  Kooban  in 


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Europe;  and  the  Kizil-Irmak  and  Sakareeyah  in  Asia.  It 
is  calculated  that  the  Black  Sea  receives  one-third  of  the 
running  waters  of  Europe;  but  investigation  shows  that 
the  opinion  that  the  Sea  of  Marmora  is  lower  than  the 
Euxine  is  founded  in  error.  The  Black  Sea  has  no  tide  :  it 
is  liable  to  frequent  storms^  such  as  are  generally  met  with 
in  great  lakes  and  enclosed  seas;  but  its  navigation  is  so 
far  from  being  dangerous,  as  was  formerly  represented,  that 
probably  no  sea  of  equal  extent  is  more  safe.  The  amount 
of  evaporation  which  takes  place  in  the  Black  Sea  must  be 
very  great,  as  the  discharge  by  the  Bosporus  is  wholly  in- 
sufficient to  account  for  the  disposal  of  the  immense  quanti- 
ties of  water  passed  into  it  by  its  rivers. 

Black's  Gap;  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Greene  township,  2i  miles  from  the  Mont  Alto  Railroad.  It 
has  a  woollen-mill  and  mines  of  iron. 

Black'shear,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Pierce  cc,  Ga., 
about  2  miles  N.  of  the  Satilla  River,  86  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Savannah.  It  has  4  white  and  2  colored  churches,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  manu- 
factures of  cotton-seed  oil,  meal,  and  cake,  commercial  fer- 
tilizers, lint-cotton,  4  lumber-mills,  and  4  turpentine-distil- 
leries.    Pop.  656. 

Black's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Manalapan  River,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and 
2  miles  from  Manalapan  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Black'sod  Bay,  an  extensive  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Mayo.     Lat.  54°  5'  N.;  Ion.  10°  W. 

Black  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ark.,  45  miles  from  Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Black's  Itidge,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Black's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yolo  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
the  California  Pacific  Railroad,  about  26  miles  N.W.  of 
Sacramento. 

Black'stairs,  a  mountain-range  of  Ireland,  forming 
part  of  the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Carlow  and 
Wexford.     Mount  Leinster,  2610  feet,  is  the  highest  peak. 

Black  Stocks,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  dividing  ridge  between  the  Broad  and  Catawba  Rivers, 
63  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
high  and  a  public  school,  cotton-ginning-  and  flouring-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  200 ;  of  township  in  1890,  2703. 

Black'stone,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  in 
Sunbury  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  88 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 

Blackstoue,  a  post-village,  partly  in  a  township  of 
the  same  name,  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  and  partly  in  Prov- 
idence CO.,  R.I.,  is  on  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the  Prov- 
idence &  Worcester  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Boston, 
Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Provi- 
dence, and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
large  manufactory  of  cotton  prints,  and  manufactures  of 
woolen  goods,  scythes,  and  shoddy.  Pop,  3205;  of  the 
township,  in  1880,  4907;  in  1890,  6138.  The  township 
contains  villages  named  East  Blackstone  and  Millville. 

Blackstone,  in  North  Smithfield  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  is  that  portion  of  the  above  village  of  Blackstone 
which  lies  in  Rhode  Island.  Pop.  364;  of  the  adjacent 
village  of  Wafrerford,  R.I.,  285. 

Blackstone,  a  thriving  post-town  of  Nottoway  oo., 
Va.,  37  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Petersburg.  It  contains 
4  churches,  a  bank,  and  several  mills.  Two  newspapers 
arepublished  here.     Pop.  1500. 

Bfiackstone  River  rises  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  and 
runs  southeastward.  It  traverses  the  N.E.  part  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  enters  Providence  River  near  the  city  of  Provi- 
dence. The  part  of  this  river  which  is  in  Rhode  Island  is 
called  the  Pawtucket  or  Seekonk.     Length,  about  75  miles. 

Black  Sturgeon,  stiir'jun,  a  river  of  Ontario,  enters 
the  N.  extremity  of  Black  Bay,  in  Lake  Superior.  It  is 
one  of  the  largest  rivers  entering  Lake  Superior. 

Black  Sturgeon  Lake,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
In  the  distric*^  of  Algoma,  Ontario.  It  is  about  13  miles  in 
length  by  2  wide,  and  comes  within  1  mile  of  the  southern 
arm  of  Blaak  Sturgeon  Bay  on  Lake  Nipigon. 

Blacks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Monongalia  oo.,  W.  Va., 
about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  is  on  the  southern 
boundary  of  Pennsylvania.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
facttry,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Black'Tille,  a  hamlet  of  Conway  oo..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Blackville,  a  post-village  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Wadley  and  Mt.  Vernon  Railroad,  30  miles  S,  of  Wadley. 

Blackville,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston, 
and  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aiken.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 


2  banks,  4  churches,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  of  Black- 
ville township,  2327.     Here  are  several  mineral  springs. 

BlackHvall',  a  suburb  of  the  English  metropolis,  co. 
of  Middlesex,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Lee  and  the  Thames, 
4  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's.  Here  are  the  East  and  West 
India  docks.  A  railway  3i  miles  in  length  connects  Black- 
wall  with  the  city  of  London.  Vast  iron  ship-building  yards 
have  sprung  up  within  a  few  years,  and  the  first  iron-clad 
ships  of  the  navy  were  built  here. 

Black  Wal'nut,  a  hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.,  2  miles 
from  Byron. 

Black  Walnut,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Charles.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Black  Walnut,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on 

the  Pennsylvania  <fe  New  York  Railroad,  and  on  the  left 

bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Tunkhannock. 

Black  Walnut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va., 

about  30  miles  E.  of  Danville. 

Black  Warrior  (wSr'yur)  River  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Alabama,  and  runs  generally  southwestward.  It  drains 
parts  of  Blount,  Jefi°er8on,  and  Tuscaloosa  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Tombigbee  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Greene  co.,  about  1 
mile  above  Demopolis.  It  is  nearly  300  miles  long,  and 
flows  through  an  extensive  coal-field.  Steamboats  can  ascend 
it  to  Tuscaloosa  or  farther.  The  term  Locust  Fork  is  some- 
times applied  to  that  part  of  the  Black  Warrior  which  is 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Mulberry  River. 

Black'water,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  rises 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Killamey,  and  enters  the  sea  at 
Youghal,  after  a  course  estimated  at  100  miles.  Cappoquin, 
Mallow,  Fermoy,  Lismore,  and  Youghal  are  on  its  banks. 

Blackwater,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  falls  into 
Lough  Neagh  at  its  S.W.  comer.  Caledon  and  Charlemont 
are  the  principal  towns  on  its  banks. 

Black'water  (anc.  Iduman'ia),  a  river  of  England, 
CO.  of  Essex,  rises  near  Safi"ron-Walden,  flows  southeastward, 
and,  after  uniting  with  the  Chelmer,  falls  into  the  arm  of 
the  North  Sea  called  Blackwater  Bay. 

Blackwater,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Hants,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  that  county  and  Berks,  and 
joins  the  Loddon  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Wokingham. 

Blackwater,  a  neat  village  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
at  its  N.E.  extremity,  on  the  Blackwater  River,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Reading. 

Black  Water,  a  village  of  Walker  oo.,  Ala.,  abont  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham.  It  hafi  2  churches,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Black'water,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  5 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  6^  miles  from  Frankford 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blackwater,  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Fla.  See  Bagdad. 
Blackwater,  a  post-town  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Boonville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  shops  and  stores,  and  in  its  im- 
mediate vicinity  are  extensive  deposits  of  coal,  lead,  iron, 
salt,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Blackwater,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1603. 

It  contains  Dunksburg. 

Blackwater,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.     P.  1784. 

Black  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn., 

1 8  miles  from  Rogersville,  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Black  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  about  7 

miles  S.  by  E.  of  Jonesville. 

Blackw^ater,  a  hamlet  of  Princess  Anne  oo.,  Va.,  23 
miles  from  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blackwater,  or  Black  River,  New  Hampshire, 
runs  southeastward  in  Merrimao  co.,  and  enters  the  Contoo- 
cook  River  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 

Blackwater  River,  a  small  river  of  Virginia,  rises  in 
the  Blue  Ridge,  runs  eastward  through  Franklin  co.,  and 
enters  the  Staunton  River. 

Blackwater  River,  Virginia,  drains  parts  of  Surry 
and  Sussex  cos.,  runs  first  southeastward,  then  southward, 
forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Southampton  co.,  and  enters  the 
Nottoway  River  at  the  line  which  separates  Virginia  from 
North  Carolina. 

Black'watertown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  Armagh, 
on  the  Blackwater,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moy.     Pop.  253. 

Black'well,  a  station  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  of  Las  Animas,  Col. 
BlackAvell's,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.  P.  117». 
Blackwell's  Island,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  a 
long,  narrow  island  of  120  acres,  in  the  East  River,  between 
New  York  and  Long  Island  City.  It  is  the  site  of  several 
public  asylums  and  hospitals,  and  of  a  city  penitentiary. 
At  its  N.  extremity  is  a  light-house. 


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Blackwell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Millstone  River,  2  miles  from  Millstone  Rail- 
road Station.     It  has  a  tiour-mill. 

Blackwell  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Franjois  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  51  miles 
S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Black  Wolf»  a  post-hamlet  in  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, about  44  miles  W.  of  Salina,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Ells- 
worth.    It  has  several  stores,  Ac. 

Black  Wolf,  township,  Winnebago  co..  Wis,    Pop.  897. 

Black'wood,  a  river  in  Western  Australia,  flows  suc- 
cessively W.  and  S.,  and  enters  Flinders  Bay. 

Black'wood,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
in  Gloucester  township,  on  Big  Timber  Creek,  12  miles  S. 
by  E.  from  Camden,  and  4  miles  from  Kirkwood  Station. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  county  alms- 
house, and  a  new  county  insane  asylum. 

Bla'den,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  890  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  South 
River,  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds.  The  soil  is  sandy 
and  inferior,  but  produces  some  Indian  corn  and  sweet  po- 
tatoes. Tar  and  turpentine  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad, 
which  passes  along  near  its  southwestern  border.  Capi- 
tal, Elizabethtown,  Pop.  in  1870, 12,831 ;  in  1880, 16,168 ; 
in  1890,  16,763, 

Bla'denborongh,  a  post-village  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C., 
55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  3  turpentine-dis- 
tilleries, and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  of  Bladen  township,  1005. 

Bla'den  Land'ing,  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  is  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River,  4  miles  from  Bladen  Springs. 

Bla'densburg,  a  post- village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Cedar  Creek,  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  haa  2 
churches  and  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall.     Pop,  about  200. 

Bladensburg,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co,, 
Md.,  on  the  Alexandria  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  o»  the  east  branch  of  the  Potomac,  about  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  410.     William  Wirt  was  born  here. 

Bladensburg,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
and  Jackson  townships,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Vernon, 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  &c. 

Bla'den  (or  Bladon's)  Springs,  a  post-village  of 
Choctaw  CO.,  Ala.,  85  miles  N.  of  Mobile.  It  is  near  the 
Tombigbee  River.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  tan- 
nery, and  several  mineral  springs. 

Blaen-Honddan,  blin-hon'xHan,  a  hamlet  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Glamorgan,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Neath.     Pop.  1900. 

Blagnac,  blin^yS,k',  a  town  of  France,  Haute-Garonne, 
2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1729. 

Blagovechensk,  Blagovetchensk,  bli-go-vi- 
chensk',  or  Blahovietchensk,  bli-Ho-ve-i-ch6nsk', 
written  also  Blagoweschtschenzk  ("annunciation"), 
a  town  of  Russian  Asia,  capital  of  the  Amoor  government, 
on  the  river  Amoor,  Lat,  50°  15'  14"  N. ;  Ion,  127°  38'  E. 
Pop.  3107. 

Blain,  bl&uo,  a  town  of  France,  Loire-Inf6rieure,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes,  on  the  Isac,  and  on  the  canal  be- 
tween Nantes  and  Brest.     Pop.  6865. 

Blain,  a  post- village  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Harrisburg.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  1  or  2  tanneries.     Pop,  about  250. 

Blaine,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas,  41 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Holton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Blaine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles 
from  Willard,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Louisa.    It  has  a  church. 

Blaine,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Aroostook  co.. 
Me.,  26  miles  from  Houlton.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  496. 

Blaine,  a  beautifully-located  city  of  Whatcom  co.. 
Wash.,  on  Puget  Sound  and  on  the  boundary  between 
Washington  and  British  Columbia,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  Line.  It  has  6  churches,  2  na- 
tional banks,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  several  lumber-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  brick,  tile,  steel  pipe,  trunks,  <fec.  Pop, 
about  2000. 

Blair,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  524  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Frankstown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  and  by  the  Little 
Juniata  River.  The  main  range  of  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county,  the  sur- 
face of  which  is  mostly  mountainous.  It  contains  several 
fertile  valleys  based  on  limestone.     Wheat,  Indian  corn, 


and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Iron  ore  ia 
abundant  here,  and  large  quantities  of  pig-iron,  blooms, 
and  forged  and  rolled  iron  are  prepared  in  this  county.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  several 
branches  of  the  same  which  traverse  it  in  various  direc- 
tions. Capital,  Hollidaysburg.  Chief  city,  Altoona. 
Pop.  in  1870,  38,051;  in  1880,  52,740;  in  1890,  70,866. 

Blair,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  111.     Pop.  857, 

Blair,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  about  12  miles 
N.  of  Chester,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Sparta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blair,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  at  St.  Joe  Station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Auburn,  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  grain  elevator.     Pop.  about  200. 

Blair,  township.  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  371. 

Blair,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad  at  its  junction  with 
the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Omaha,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  2 
banks,  10  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  ofiSces,  a 
court-house,  a  flouring-mill,  2  wagon-factories,  2  large  ele- 
vators, 3  hotels,  and  about  20  stores.     Pop,  in  1890,  2069. 

Blair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  A^  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Plymouth. 

Blair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Winona, 
Minn.     It  has  2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  <tc. 

Blair,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles 
from  Preston.     It  has  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Blair>Athol,  Scotland.    See  Athol. 

Blair  City,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa, 

Blair  Fur'nace,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Blair-Gow'rie,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Perth.     Pop.  5252. 

Blair  Logie,  blair  lo'ghee,  a  small  village  of  Scotland, 
3  miles  N.E.  of  Sterling,  is  much  resorted  to  by  invalids  on 
account  of  the  salubrity  of  its  climate. 

Blair's,  a  station  in  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Blair's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &,  Charles- 
ton Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Blairs'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Blairsburg  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about 
32  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  453. 

Blair's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa,,  in 
Beaver  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Emlenton  and 
Shippenville.  It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels.  Oil  is  pro- 
duced here. 

Blair's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Blair's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky. 

Blairs'town,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  10  miles  N.  of 
Marengo.  It  has  a  ladies'  seminary,  4  steam  elevators,  a 
flour-mill,  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an 
academy,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  714. 

Blairstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  69  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Blairstown,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.  on  the 
Paulinskill,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Columbia.  It  has 
2  churches,  the  Blairstown  Academy,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  sash  and  blinds. 

Blairs'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ga., 
about  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  surrounded  by 
beautiful  mountain  scenery,  and  has  a  church,  and  2  quartz- 
mills.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place  in  quartz  rock. 

Blairsville,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co..  111. 

Blairsville,  a  small  post-village  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  wagon- 
factory. 

Blairsville,  a  post-borough  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on 
Conemaugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  and  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  57  miles  direct  or  64  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  66  miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  is 
the  southern  terminus  of  the  Indiana  Branch  Railroad.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Blairsville  has  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  convent,  the  Blairsville 
Ladies'  Seminary,  a  foundry,  2  flouring-mills,  2  tanneries,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  coke-works.  Here  coal  is  found.  The 
workshops  of  the  railroad  are  located  here.     Pop.  3126. 

Blairsville,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles 
from  Yorkville.     Pop.  487. 

Blairsville  Intersection,  a  village  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Derry  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(main  line),  at  the  junction  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania 


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dirision,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Blairsville,  and  63  miles  W.  of  Al- 
toona.     It  has  a  church.     (Post-Office,  Branch  Junction.) 

Blair's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Blair'tou,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Marmora  Lake,  35  miles  from  Peterborough.     Pop.  350. 

Blaisois,  bl4^zwi',  a  former  division  of  France,  in  Or- 
16annois,  of  which  Blois  was  the  capital,  now  forming  a 
great  part  of  the  department  of  Loir-et-Cher. 

Blaison,  bli*z6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Angers,  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  979. 

Blake,  a  townsliip  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2255. 

Blake'ley,  or  Port  Blake'Iey,  a  post-village  of 
Kitsap  CO.,  Washington,  on  Puget  Sound,  10  miles  W.  of 
Seattle.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Blake'ly,  a  township  of  England.     See  Blacklev. 

Blake'Iy,  a  village  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tensas 
River  (here  navigable),  near  its  mouth.  Blakely  Station  is 
on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  5  miles  E,  of  Mobile, 
and  8  miles  N.  of  Blakely,  which  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
fectures  of  tar,  rosin,  turpentine,  and  lumber. 

Blakely,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  about 
65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
turpentine,  and  lumber.     Pop.  441. 

Blakely,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Min- 
nesota River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad, 
52  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Blakely  (post-office  and  station,  Peckville),  a  borough 
of  Lackawanna  co.,'  Pa.,  in  Blakely  township,  and  on  the 
Lackawanna  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Scranton. 
Here  are  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  sash-factory.  Pop.  659.  The  township  contains  also  the 
boroughs  of  Archbald,  Olyphant,  Dickson,  Winton,  and 
Gibsonburg.     Pop.  767. 

Blake'man,  a  post-village  of  Rawlins  co.,  Kansas,  4 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atwood.  It  has  two  churches,  2  banks, 
a  Hour-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Blake'ney,  a  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  7 
miles  E.  of  Wells.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  some 
fine  remains  of  antiquity.  Its  harbor  aflFords  good  shelter. 
Pop.  of  parish,  817. 

Blake's,  a  station  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloom- 
ington  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Paxton,  111. 

Blakes'burg,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Adams  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Albia,  and  about  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  236. 

Blake's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Blake's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Blakeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa, 
about  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Blamont,  bli'm6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et- 
Moselle,  18  miles  E.  of  Lun6ville.     Pop.  2287. 

Blamont,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Doubs,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Montb61iard.     Pop.  720. 

Blanca,  bl^ng'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Murcia.     Pop.  1530. 

Blan'ca  Peak,  a  mountain  of  Costilla  co.,  Col.,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Fort  Garland,  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Blanca  group  or  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range.  Its  altitude,  ac- 
cording to  Prof.  Hayden,  is  14,464  feet  above  sea-level.  It 
is  supposed  to  be  the  highest  mountain  in  Colorado. 

Blanch'ard,  a  station  on  the  North  &  South  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  10  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Blanchard,  a  post-town  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Clarinda.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  numer- 
ous stores  and  other  business  concerns,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Blanchard,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Dover.     Pop.  164. 

Blanchard,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  42 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  219. 

Blanchard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mayville. 

Blanchard,  Centre  co,,  Pa.    See  Eaglbtille. 

Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize  rises  in  Hardin 
CO.,  0.  It  intersects  Hancock  co.,  runs  westward  in  Putnam 
CO.,  and  unites  with  the  Auglaise  River  about  15  miles  W. 
of  Ottawa.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Blanch'ard ville,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis., 
on  the  east  branch  of  the  Peoatonica  River,  about  33  miles 
S.W.  of  Madison.  It  is  20  miles  E.  of  Mineral  Point.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  a  bank,  «ko. 
Pop.  660. 


Blanche,  blanch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn., 
about  90  miles  S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

BlancMester,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  41 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  graded  public  school,  a  chair-factory,  a  yeast- 
factory,  a  shoe-factory,  a  furniture-factory,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1196. 

Blanch'Iand,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berlSind,  on  the  Derwent,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hexham,  with 
the  remains  of  an  abbey  founded  in  1165. 

Blanch'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  T 
miles  from  Waterville. 

Blanc,  Mont.    See  Mont  Blanc. 

Blanco,  bl&ng'ko,  or  Blanca,  bl&ng'k&,  a  Spanish 
word,  signifying  "  white,"  and  forming  a  part  of  various 
names  in  different  parts  of  the  world. 

Blanco,  blang'ko,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  710  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Perdinales  (or  Pedernales)  River,  an  affluent 
of  the  Colorado  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Rio  Blanco. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Johnson  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  3583;  in  1890,  4635. 

Blanco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Searcy  co..  Ark.,  12  miles  W. 
of  Marshall. 

Blanco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  in  Alisal 
township,  1  mile  from  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Blanco,  a  small  post-village  of  Blanco  co.,  Texas,  on 
the  Blanco  River,  50  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Austin.  One 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Blanco  has  4  church 
organizations,  a  money-order  post-office,  3  flouring-mills, 
Ac.     Gold  and  copper  are  said  to  be  found  here. 

Blanco,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Gcadalaviar. 

Bland,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Walker's 
and  Wolf  Creeks,  affluents  of  New  River,  which  traverse 
the  county  from  W.  to  E.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  Ac.  Capital, 
Bland    Conrt-House.      Pop.  in  1880,  5004;  in  1890,  5129. 

Bland,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo. 

Bland  Court-House,  a  post-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va., 
is  at  Seddon  (which  see). 

Bland'ford,  or  Blan'ford,  a  post-township  of  Hamp- 
den CO.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Springfield.  Pop. 
964.  It  contains  a  hamlet  called  Blandford  Centre,  which 
has  2  churches. 

Blandford,  the  eastern  suburb  of  Petersburg,  Va., 
within  the  city  limits,  but  belonging  to  the  co.  of  Prince 
George.  It  has  a  cotton-factory,  a  distillery,  and  tobacco- 
works  ;  also  a  celebrated  old  church,  and  2  chapels. 

Bland'ford,  a  post-village  of  Lunenburg  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  44  miles  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  100. 

Blandford,  or  St.-Louis-de-Blandford,  s&n»  - 
loo^ee'-d§h-bl6N<»^f6R',  a  post-village  of  Arthabaska  co., 
Quebec,  Canada,  8  miles  from  Stanford.     Pop.  150. 

Bland'ford  Fo'rum,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  on  the  Stour,  here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  and  near 
the  ford  called  by  the  Romans  Trajec'tus  Belanien'tia,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Dorchester.  The  town  is  very  neatly  and 
regularly  built,  with  a  church  in  the  Grecian  style.  It  has 
a  town  hall  and  a  neat  theatre,  free  grammar  and  blue-coat 
schools,  almshouses,  and  a  manufacture  of  shirt-buttons. 
It  is  on  a  railway.     Pop.  1536. 

Blau'dinsville,  a  post- village  of  McDonough  co..  111., 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <k  Warsaw  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Burlington,  Iowa,  and  64  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Peoria.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  a 
grain  elevator,  2  steam  flour-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  4 
churches.  Pop.  1665.  It  is  near  the  boundary  between 
Hire  and  Blandinsville  townships.     Pop.  of  the  latter,  1707. 

Blan'don,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Maiden 
Creek  township,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  rolling-mill  and  2  flour-mills. 

Blandona,  the  ancient  name  of  Zara-Veccbia. 

Bland's,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Ark. 

Bland'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ballard  co.,  Ey., 
on  Mayfield  Creek,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paducah,  and 
4  or  5  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  2  churchei 
and  a  college.     Pop.  385. 

Bla&es,  blin'ySs,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S. 
of  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  5900. 

Blan'ford,  a  town  of  Massachusetts.    See  Blandford. 

Blangy,  blfiNo^zhee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure.  13  miles  N.E.  of  Neufchatel.     Pop.  1681. 


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Blaukenberghe^  blin'k§n-MR6\  a  town  and  railway 
/unction  of  Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  on  the 
English  Channel,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Bruges.  It  is  a  fashion- 
able bathing-place,  with  a  cursaal,  a  paved  beach  1  mile 
long,  a  new  artificial  port,  and  a  light-house.     Pop.  2350. 

Blankenbnrg,  blAn'k§n-b68RG\  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  and  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  a 
ducal  palace,  a  gymnasium,  and  some  factories.     Pop.  3853. 

Blankenburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Schwarz- 
burg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Rhine,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sonders- 
hausen.     Pop.  1351. 

Blankenbnrg,  blin'k§n-b5SE6\  a  hamlet  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Bern,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Thun. 

Blank'endale)  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  Harrod's 
Creek  &  "Westport  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Louisville,  Ky. 

Blankenese,  blin'kfn-i^s^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Holstein,  on  the  Elbe,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Altona.  Pop. 
3336,  mostly  mariners  and  fishermen. 

BlankenhayU)  bl&n'k^n-hine^  a  town  of  Germany, 
grand  duchy  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  2241. 

Blankenstein^  blin'k§n-stiiie\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  a  railway,  and 
on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  1319. 

Blank'et,  a  post-oflSce  of  Brown  oc,  Tex. 

Blanket  Hill,  a  post-ofSce  of  Armstrong  oo..  Pa. 

Blank'inship's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  McDonough  co.. 
Mo.,  11  miles  from  Neosho.    It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Blanqnefort,  blfiNk^foa',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gi- 
ronde,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2227. 

Blanqiiefort,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1592. 

Blanqnilla,  bl3.n-keel'y&,  an  island  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela,  74  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tortuga, 
and  having  on  its  W.  coast  the  village  of  Agueda. 

Blan'sett,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Blantyre,  blan-tlre',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Lanark,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  Here  are  cotton- 
mills  and  dye-works.     Pop.  393 ;  of  Blantyre  Works,  1304. 

Blanzac,  bl&N"^z&k',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Angoulfime.     Pop.  918. 

Blanzy,  bl&K«^zee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sadne-et-Loire,  on  the  Canal  du  Centre,  and  on  a  railway, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Autun.     Pop.  3215. 

Blar'ney,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Cork,  on  a  rivulet  of  the  same  name.  The  beauty  of 
its  surrounding  scenery  has  been  rendered  famous  in  song. 
In  its  castle  is  reported  to  be  a  wonderful  stone,  the  kissing 
of  which  has  been  popularly  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
imparting  that  peculiar  style  of  eloquence  termed  "  blarney." 

Blascon,  the  ancient  name  of  Brescou. 

Blasendorf,  in  Transylvania.    See  Balasfalva. 

Blasewitz,  bl&'z^h-^its^  a  village  of  Saxony,  5  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Elbe.    Pop.  1577. 

Blask'et  Islands,  a  group  of  rocky  islands  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland,  at  the  entrance  of  Dingle  Bay. 

Blatna,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Platten. 

Blaton,  bliH6N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2780. 

Blanbeuren,  blow^boi'r^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Blau,  10  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2216. 

Blau'veltville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Orangetown  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Nyack  &  Northern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Bla\ir'enburg,  a  small  post-village  of  Somerset  co., 
N.J.,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Trenton.  It  is  i  mile  from 
Skillman  Station  of  the  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church.  Blawenburg  Station  is  on  the  Mer- 
cer <fc  Somerset  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Pennington. 

Blaye,  bli  (anc.  Bla'via),  a  town  of  France,  department 
and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Gironde,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bordeaux.  It  has  a  strong  modern  citadel,  theatre,  hos- 
pital, agricultural  society,  «4;c.,  with  considerable  exports  of 
wine,  brandy,  corn,  fruits,  and  soap.  Its  harbor  is  defended 
by  forts,  and  is  much  frequented.     Pop.  4761. 

Bleach'ery,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Lowell  and  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroads,  1  mile  S. 
of  Lowell. 

Bleachery,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitohburg  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of 
Waltham. 

Bleak'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  oo.,  Tex.,  45 
miles  N.  of  Orange. 

Bleckede,  or  Blekede,  bl4k'4M§h,  a  town  of  Han- 
over, 12  miles  E.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  739. 

Bledsoe,  bled'so,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.     It  is 


drained  by  the  Sequatchie  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
mountainous.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are  staples. 
Capital,  Pikeville.     Pop.  in  1880,  5617.:  in  1890,  6134. 

Bledsoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
8.  of  Talladega. 

Bledsoe,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  about  40  miles  below  Memphis.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Bledsoe's  Lick,  Tennessee.    SccCastalian  Springs. 

Bleeck'er,  a  post-township  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  h&a  4  churches  and  several 
tanneries.     Pop.  970. 

Blegno,  or  Blenjo,  bl^n'yo  or  bl&n'yo,  a  river  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  flows  S.  and  joins  the  Ticino 
near  Biasca.     It  gives  its  name  to  the  Val  di  Blegno. 

Bleiberg,  birb^RG,  or  Bleibach,  bll'b&K,  a  village 
of  Illyria,  7  miles  W.  of  Villach.  The  lead-mines  at  Blei- 
berg  are  the  most  extensive  in  Austria,  and  yield  annually 
from  33,000  to  35,000  cwt.  of  excellent  metal.     Pop.  4601. 

Bleicherode,  bli^K§r-o'd§h,  atown  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
near  the  Wipper,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nordhausen. 

Bleistaat,  bli'st&tt,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Eger.     Pop.  900. 

Bleistein,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Pleistein. 

Bleisw^k,  blise'wike,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  7  miles  N.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1452. 

Blekinge,  a  province  of  Sweden.    See  Carlscrona. 

Bleling,  blee'ling,  written  also  Baliling,  Bnle- 
leng,  Blilling,  Blelling,  &c.,  a  small  principality  and 
its  capital,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Bali.  The  town, 
in  lat.  8°  15'  S.,  Ion.  115°  5'  E.,  is  the  second  on  the  island. 

Blencoe,  blen'ko,  a  post- village  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa, 
in  a  fine  farming  section  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  of  Onawa.  It  has  3  church  organizations, 
a  bank,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  houses.  Pop. 
250. 

Blen'don,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Pop.  639.  Blendon  Sta- 
tion is  in  Olive  township,  31  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junction. 

Blendon,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  aboat 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  Pop.  1771.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Westerville. 

B16neaa,  bl&^nS',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Yonne,  29  miles  W.S.W.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  2058. 

Blenheim,  bldn'im  (Ger.  Blindheim,  bllnt'hime),  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg,  famous 
for  the  victory  gained  near  it  by  the  English  and  Imperial- 
ists over  the  French  and  Bavarians  (called  by  the  French 
the  battle  of  HSchstedt),  August  2,  1704.     Pop.  714. 

Blenheim,  blfin'im  or  blfin'hime,  a  town  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Middleburg.     Pop.  951. 

Blenheim,  a  post-town  of  Kent  co.,  Ont.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Chatham.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks,  pnblia 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  flouring-raills,  planing-miUs,  Ac. 
Bean  production  is  the  chief  industry.    Pop.  in  1891, 1708. 

Blenheim,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  capital  of  Marl- 
borough province,  at  the  junction  of  the  Opawa  and  Omaka 
Rivers,  both  navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons.  It  has  a 
bi-weekly  newspaper.  Great  quantities  of  tallow,  skins, 
flax,  and  wool  are  shipped  by  water  from  this  place  to  Port 
Underwood.     A  railroad  extends  hence  to  Picton,  18  miles. 

Blenheim  (blSn'im)  Park  (fonnerly  Woodstock 
Park),  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  62^  miles 
W.N.W.  of  London.  Area,  2940  acres,  being  the  demesne 
attached  to  Blenheim  House,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough. This  edifice  was  given  by  the  nation  to  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  in  honor  of  whose  great  victory,  in  1704, 
it  received  its  name. 

Bleigo,  a  river  of  Switzerland.    See  Blegno. 

Blenk'insop,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, 17  miles  W.  of  Hexham.     Pop.  664. 

Blen^nerhas'sett's  Island,  a  small  island  in  the 
Ohio,  2  miles  below  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  This  island,  once 
the  property  of  Harman  Blennerhassett,  is  famous  in  con- 
nection with  the  enterprises  of  Aaron  Burr. 

Blenneville,  blfinn'vil,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  oi 
Kerry,  1^  miles  S.W.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  389. 

Blenod-les-Toul,bl§h-no'U  tool,  a  village  of  Franco, 
in  Meurthe-et- Moselle,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toul.     Pop.  1364. 

Blen's  Creek,  township,  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  817. 

B16r6,  bl4*ri',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Indre- 
et-Loire,  16  miles  by  rail  B.S.E.  of  Tours,  on  the  Cher. 
Near  the  town  is  the  famous  castle  of  Chenonceaux,  on  a 
kind  of  bridge  across  the  Cher,  and  having  a  long  gallery 
which  leads  from  one  side  of  the  river  to  the  other.  It  i* 
in  perfect  preservation.  Many  fine  pictures  decorate  the 
interior.     Pop.  of  B16r4,  3561. 


BLE 


663 


BLO 


Bles'gington,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wioklow,  near 

lie  LifiFey,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  409.  It  gave 
Jie  title  of  Earl  to  the  Gardner  family,  the  widow  of  the  last 
of  whom  was  the  well-known  authoress,  the  late  Countess 
Df  Blessington. 

.  Bles'sington,  a  post-village  of  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  7  miles  from  Shannonville.     Pop.  250. 

Bletch'ingly,  a  town  of  England,  Surrey,  18  miles  by 

iil  S.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  1916. 

Bletisama,  the  ancient  name  of  Ledesua. 

Bl6ville,  bliVeel',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
_Bino-Inf6rieure,  2  miles  N.  of  Havre.     Pop.  1712. 
['   Blevio,  bli've-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  the  Lago  di 

jmo,  with  numerous  elegant  villas.     Pop.  815. 

Blew'fields,  Central  America.     See  Bluefiklds. 

Blidah,  or  Blida,  blee'di,  a  town  of  Algeria,  on  the 
Metidjah,  30  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  8113. 

Blieskastel,  or  Bliescastel,  blees'kis-tir,  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Blies,  6i  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Deux-Ponts.     Pop.  1542. 

Bligh's  (bliz)  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Feejee  Archi- 
pelago, Pacific  Ocean,  named  after  their  discoverer  in  1789. 

Bligny-sur-Ouche,  bleen^yee'-silR-oosh,  a  town  of 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  9  miles  N.  of  Beaune.     Pop.  1390. 

Billing,  a  town  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Bleling. 

Blindheim,  a  village  of  Bavaria.    See  Blenheim. 

Bliss,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  20  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Warsiaw,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Gainesville. 

Bliss'field,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Kaisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Adrian,  and  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railroad,  59  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2 
banks,  a  graded  school,  7  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  a  canning-factory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  furniture,  carriages,  tobacco,  lumber,  and  broom- 
handles.  Pop.  in  1890,  1132.  Blissfield  Junction  is  2 
miles  from  the  village,  on  the  above-named  railroads. 

Blissfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  manufactures  of  brick 
and  tile  and  several  stores,  Ac. 

BIiss'Tille,a  hamlet  in  Lisbon  township,  New  London 
go..  Conn.,  1  mile  from  Taftville  Station.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  warps  and  twine. 

Blissville,  a  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of 
Long  Island  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  tomb- 
stones, a  large  compressed-yeast  factory,  bone-boiling  works, 
a  distillery,  and  an  oil-refinery.  It  is  on  the  navigable 
Newtown  Creek,  1  mile  by  rail  E.  of  Hunter's  Point. 

Blissville  (Fredericton  Junction  Post-OflBce),  a  village 
of  Sunbury  co.,  New  Brunswick,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fred- 
ericton, at  the  junction  of  the  European  <fc  North  American 
and  Fredericton  Railways.  Pop.  300.  The  neighboring 
village  of  South  Branch  Oromooto  (pop.  200)  has  a  post- 
ofiBce  called  Blissville. 

Blitar,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Brindiok. 

Blitong,  a  Malay  island.    See  Billiton. 
Blizhni,  bleezh'nee,  or  Nearer  Islands,  the  western- 
most group  of  the  true  or  American  Aleutian  Islands. 

Bloch'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  35  miles 
W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Block,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Paola. 

Block'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Texas,  15 
miles  E.  of  Marshall. 

Block'er's,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles 
from  Fayetteville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blocker's,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  Pop.  1035. 

Block  House,  Tioga  co..  Pa.    See  Liberty. 

Block  House,  a  post-offioe  of  Klikitat  co..  Wash. 

Block  Island,  formerly  Alan'isees,  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  is  about  9  miles  from  the  mainland  of  Rhode  Island, 
to  which  it  belongs.  It  is  7  or  8  miles  long.  A  light-house 
has  been  erected  at  its  northern  end,  lat.  41°  13'  N.,  Ion. 
71°  35'  W.     Pop.  1147.    See  New  Shoreham. 

Blocksberg,  a  mountain  in  Germany.    See  Brocken. 

Blocks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  120 
miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bloc'ton,  a  mining  post-town  and  railroad  centre  of 
Bibb  CO.,  Ala.,  37  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  several  churches  and  an  academy.    Pop.  about  2500. 

Block'ton,  a  post-town  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Bedford.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flonr- 
ing-mill,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  about  400. 

Block'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
2i  miles  from  Ashville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Blodg'et's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  oo.,  N.T., 
4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cortland.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 


Blodg'ett,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Scott  oo.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  i,  Southern  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Bloemendaal,  bloo'm^n-d&l,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  li  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gouda. 

Bloemendaal,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  3  miles  N.  of  Haarlem,  is  one  of  the  finest  villages 
in  the  province.     Pop.  3554. 

Bloemfontein,  oloom^fon'tine,  the  capital  of  the  Orange 
Free  State,  South  Africa,  285  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Port  Natal. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop.     Pop.  (1890)  3459. 

Blois,  bloi,  or,  more  correctly,  blwi,  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Loir-et-Cher,  on  both  sides  of 
the  Loire,  112  miles  S.W.  of  Paris,  and  35  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Orleans.  Blois  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a  steep 
slope,  crowned  by  its  ancient  castle.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  college,  a  normal  school, 
a  diocesan  seminary,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a  public  library. 
The  most  remarkable  edifices  are  the  hStel  de  ville  and  the 
episcopal  palace.  The  castle  of  Blois  is  celebrated  from  its 
historical  associations,  but  has  been  rebuilt  and  extended  so 
that  nothing  remains  of  its  original  structure  except  the 
Gothic  tower.  The  town  is  of  great  antiquity,  and  was 
formerly  the  capital  of  an  extensive  county.  There  is  here 
an  ancient  aqueduct  cut  in  the  rock  by  the  Romans  ;  it  is 
still  used  for  supplying  the  town  with  water.  The  magnifi- 
cent dikes  for  the  protection  of  the  valleys  from  the  en- 
croachments of  the  Loire  commence  at  Blois.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  gloves  and  porcelain,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
wine,  timber,  and  brandy.     Pop.  20,000. 

Blokulla,  blo-kool'ld.,  a  small  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Baltic,  between  Oland  and  the  mainland. 

Blokzyl,  blok'zile,  atown  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Overyssel,  with  a  port  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  1665. 

Blomberg,  blom'b^RG,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lippe, 
on  the  Distel,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  2104. 

Blonie,  blin'yi,  a  town  of  Poland,  16  miles  W.  of 
Warsaw.     Pop.  1327. 

Blood's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  55  miles  S. 
of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 

Blood'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Milton 
township,  nearly  1  mile  from  Ballston  Spa.  It  has  a  man- 
ufactory of  axes  and  scythes. 

Blood'worth's,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga. 

Blood'y-Far'land,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Donegal,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  the 
island  of  Innisboffin. 

Bloody  Run,  Pennsylvania.    See  Everett. 

Bloom,  a  post- village 'of  Cook  co.,  111.,  in  Bloom  town- 
ship, on  the  Chicago,  Danville  «fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  where 
it  crosses  the  Joliet  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of 
Bloom  township,  1213. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  200. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2071.  It 
contains  Lithopolis,  Greencastle,  and  Jeiferson. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  987.  It 
contains  Eagleport. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.  Pop.  2203.  Bloom 
Station  is  on  the  Marietta  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad,  Portsmouth 
division,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  The  township  in- 
cludes Webster. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1492. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1394.  It 
contains  Bairdstown. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    Pop.  315. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  same  a« 
that  of  Bloomsburg,  with  which  its  limits  are  identical. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Richland  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1299. 

Bloom  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Bloom'dale,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  newspaper  office. 

Bloom'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  about 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Bloomer,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1816.     It  contains  Carson  City. 

Bloomer  (formerly  Vanville),  a  post-village  of  Chip- 
pewa CO.,  Wis.,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Chippewa 
Falls.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high-school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.  Pop. 
about  800. 

Bloom'ery,'  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  oo.,  W.  Va.. 


BLO 


664 


BLO 


17  miles  from  Paw  Paw  Railroad  Station.  It  has  an  iron- 
furnace,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  3  stores,  and  minei  of 
brown  hematite. 

Bloom'field,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Madison  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  20  miles  S.  of 
Huntsville. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  oo.,  Ark.,  about 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  dry-goods  stores 
and  a  church. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  contains 
North  Bloomfield,  and  has  produced  much  gold.     Pop.  636. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  about 
48  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  2  hotels. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Bloomfield  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad, 
6i  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  The  township  has  a  high  school 
and  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1473. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Fla.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Leesburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Johnsoa  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  Many  peaches, 
pears,  plums,  Ac,  are  shipped  here. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Ind., 
about  1  mile  E.  of  tne  West  Pork  of  White  River,  and  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  seminary,  and 
planing-,  saw-,  and  flour-mills.  In  the  vicinity  are  larger 
coal  mines.     Pop.  1229. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2254.     It  includes  the  town  of  La  Grange. 

Bloomfield,  a  township,  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1364. 

Bloomfield,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on 
a  high  prairie,  1  mile  S.  of  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  by 
S.  from  Burlington,  and  21  miles  S.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  8  churches,  and  2  flour-mills. 
It  contains  also  the  Southern  Iowa  Normal  and  Scientific 
Institute.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1531 ;  in  1890,  1913. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1309. 

Bloomfield,  township,Winneshiek  co.,Iowa.  Pop  1188. 

Bloomfield,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  300. 

Bloomfield,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Nelson  co., 
Ky.,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad,  about  37  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Bardstown,  It 
has  6  churches,  2  banks,  public  schools  for  white  and  colored, 
and  roller-mills.     Pop.  about  750. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  148. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1912.     It  contains  Birmingham. 

Bloomfield,  township,  Fillmore  CO.,  Minn.    Pop.  1013. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stoddard  co., 
Mo.,  about  130  miles  S.  by  E.  from  St.  Louis,  and  8  miles 
N.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  379. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  and  on  the  Newark 
&  Bloomfield  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark,  and  12 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York  City.  The  Morris  Canal  passes 
the  village.  It  has  9  churches,  a  national  and  a  savings 
bank,  a  theological  seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  man- 
ufactures of  organs,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  7708. 

Bloomfield,  a  village  of  Coshocton  and  Holmes  cos.,  0., 
is  mostly  in  Clark  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Millersburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  planing- 
mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Clark. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.  Pop.  1775. 
It  contains  Vega,  Pattensville,  and  Winchester. 

Bloomfield,  a  village  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township,  li  miles  from  Bloomfield  Station  (which  see).  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Here  is  Bloomingdale 
Post-Office.     Pop.  146. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  655. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  36  miles 
.N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Bloomfield,  a  hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
from  New  Concord  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 
Pop.  98.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Sago. 

Bloomfield,  Pickaway  co.,  0.    See  South  Bloomfield. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  798. 
Bloomfield  Station  is  on  the  Ashtabula  &  Youngstown  Rail- 
road. 29  miles  S.  of  Ashtabula. 


Bloomfield,  or  Ore  Bank,  a  station  in  Bedford  co.. 
Pa.,  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
from  Roaring  Spring,  3  miles  distant.  Bloomfield  is  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Altoona.     Iron  is  mined  here. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titusville.  Pop.  1262.  It  contains 
Lincoln  ville. 

Bloomfield,  Perry  co..  Pa.     See  New  Bloomfield. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  about 
36  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Connecticut  River.     Pop.  455. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Round  Hill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  seminary. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Illinois  line.     Pop.  1107.     It  contains  Genoa. 

Bloomfield,  township,  Waushara  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1358. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Bruns 
wick,  27  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  200. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, Canada,  on  Great  Sandy  Bay,  Lake  Ontario,  42  milea 
S.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  400. 

Bloomfield,  Ontario.    See  South  Monaghan. 

Bloomfield  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Bloomfield  town- 
ship, Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  or  near  the  Detroit  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac. 

Bloomfield  Junction,  New  Jersey,  is  1  mile  N.W 
of  Newark,  and  3  miles  from  Bloomfield,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Newark  A  Bloomfield  with  the  Morris  A  Essex 
Railroad. 

Bloomfield  Station,  ahamlet(Fair  Play  Post-Office) 
in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Steubenville,  and  IJ  miles  from 
Bloomfield  village. 

Bloom'ingburg,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Mamakating  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  and  on  the 
Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Bloomingburg,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Paint  township,  on  a  branch  of  Sugar  Creek,  about  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Bloomingburg 
Academy,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  312. 

Bloom'ingdale,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
Fla.,  in  a  phosphate-producing  region,  about  15  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Tampa.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga., 
12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  in 
Bloomingdale  township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago, 
and  2  miles  from  Roselle  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  township,  1141. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Penn  township,  abc*  65  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
the  Bloomingdale  Academy,  a  Friends'  meeting-house,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  manufectory  of  stoneware. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  in  Bloomingdale  township,  and  on  the  South  Haven 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of 
Kalamazoo,  and  17  miles  E.  of  South  Haven.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  wooden  bowls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1690. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Pompton  township,  on  Pequannock  Creek,  and  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.  and 
24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour - 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  rubber  goods,  paper,  Ac. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
St.  Armand  township,  about  37  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg, 
and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Whiteface  Mountain.  It  has  a  starch- 
factory  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bloomingdale,  Jefferson  co.,  0.     See  Bloomfield. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ross  township,  about  20  miles  W.  cf  Wilkesbarre.  It  has 
a  church. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  from  Vermilion.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Bloomingdale,  a  hamlet,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Estillville,  Va.,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Blountville. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post- village  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Clinton  township,  20  miles  S.  of  Norwalk,  and  30  miles 
S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post- village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  100. 

Bloom'ing  Glen,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  oo.,  Pa,  3 


1 


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BLb 


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66y 


^ 


miles  S.E.  of  Perkasie.  It  has  a  church  (Mennonite),  a 
creamery,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  clothing,  and 
grain  products.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bloom'ing  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
Ind.,  in  Blooming  Grove  township,  about  28  miles  S.8.W. 
of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church,  a  pottery,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  pump-factory.     Pop.  !30;  of  township,  801. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  is  intersected  by  a 
railroad  which  connects  Newburg  with  Warwick.  It  con- 
tains Craigsville  and  Oxford  Depot.     Pop.  2465. 

Itlooniing  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  North  Greenbush  township,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  150,  Here  is  De  Freestville 
Post-Office. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in 
North  Bloomfield  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Gallon.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  113. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1199.     It  contains  Rives. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  in 
Blooming  township,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Honesdale.  It  has 
a  large  tannery  and  a  grist-mill.  It  is  near  the  Blooming 
Grove  Park,  which  has  an  area  of  nearly  12,000  acres,  with 
a  fine  club-house.     The  township  abounds  in  game. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  post-town  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex., 
16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Corsicana.  It  hns  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  several  cotton-ginning  ma- 
chines.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Bloom 'ingport,  a  post-village  in  Washington  town- 
ship, Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  3i  miles  from  Lynn.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Blooming  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post- village  of  Steele 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  Blooming  Prairie  township,  15  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Austin,  and  86  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3 
churches,  ii  bank,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Blooming  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  35 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  RoUa. 

Bloom'ingsburg,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind., 
OB  the  Tippecanoe  River,  40  miles  S.  of  South  Bend. 

Bloom'ington,  a  post-town  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber.     Pop.  350. 

Bloomington,  a  flourishing  city  of  Illinois,  the  capi- 
tal of  McLean  co.,  is  on  the  Chicago  <k  Alton  Railroad  at 
the  junction  of  its  Jacksonville  division,  and  on  the  North- 
ern division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  at  the  junction 
of  its  middle  division  running  to  Chicago,  and  the  Cleve- 
land, Chicago,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
of  Decatur,  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peoria,  59  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Springfield,  and  126  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Peoria  division  of  the  Lake  Erie  &  West- 
ern Railroad,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  railroad 
centres  in  the  state.  It  has  a  new  stone  court-house,  which 
cost  $100,000.  Here  is  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University 
(Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1857  and 
has  22  instructors  and  about  800  students.  The  Illinois 
State  Normal  University  is  2  miles  N.  of  this  city,  at 
Normal  (which  see).  The  streets  are  lighted  with  elec- 
tricity, the  plant  for  which  is  owned  by  the  city.  Bloom- 
ington contains  22  churches,  a  Catholic  academy,  4  banks, 
an  opera-house,  a.  high  school,  the  machine-shops  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  which  employ  nearly  1500  men, 
and  mills  and  factories  of  various  kinds.  Here  are  printing- 
oflSces  which  issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  papers  (2  of  which 
are  in  German),  besides  1  semi-monthly  and  3  monthly 
periodicals.  It  has  water-works  which  supply  an  abun- 
dance of  water  derived  from  a  well  dug  in  the  prairie.  A 
stand-pipe  204  feet  high  is  connected  with  the  water-works. 
Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  in  1860,  7075;  in  1870,  14,590; 
in  1880,  17,180  ;  in  1890,  22,242. 

Bloomington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
la  in  Bloomington  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
4  Chicago  Railroad,  97  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and 
60  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  printing-offices 
which  issue  4  newspapers,  a  foundry,  a  chair-factory,  a  bed- 
stead-factory, a  spoke-  and  hub-factory,  stone-quarries,  Ac. 
It  has  a  public  library,  the  building  for  which  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $75,000.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Indiana  Uni- 
versity, which  was  founded  in  1828  by  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2766;  in  1890,  4018. 

Bloomington,  township,  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  367. 

Bloomington,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1166,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Muscatine. 

Bloomington,  township,  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  384. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas, 
43 


in  the  Solomon  Valley,  40  miles  N.  of  Russell  BailrmMl 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  Savage 
River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Cumberland.  It  has  a  church  and  rich  coal-mines.  Four 
companies  operate  in  coal  near  this  place. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
in  Bloomington  township,  near  the  Minnesota  River,  and 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  Bloomington  Station  is  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  river,  in  Scott  oo.,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  769. 

Bloomington,  or  De  Kalb,  a  village  of  Buchanan 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Bloomington  township,  12  miles  S.  of  St.  Joseph. 
Pop.  224;  of  township,  1487.     Here  is  De  Kalb  Post-Office. 

Bloomington,  a  post- village  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  3  miles 
from  Bevier,  and  6  or  7  miles  N.W.  of  Macon  City.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  156. 

Bloomington,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary.  Here 
is  Waldo  Post-Office. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Kear- 
ney. It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  brooms,  butter,  and  cheese.     Pop.  464. 

Bloomington,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Raritan  River,  i  mile  from 
Bound  Brook.     It  has  several  churches.     Pop.  801. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in 
Wilson  township,  about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  119. 

Bloomington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 
about  33  miles  N.  of  Altoona. 

Bloomington,  a  hamlet  and  watering-place  of  Putnam 
CO.,  Tenn.,  50  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
mineral  spring. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Bloomington  township,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Lancaster,  and 
33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  587;  of  the  township,  1174. 

Bloomington  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Paul. 

Bloom'ing  Val'ley,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co.. 
Pa.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  an  academy,  2 
churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bloom'ingville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Sandusky,  and  1  mile  from  Prout's  Railroad  Station. 

Bloomingville  (South  Bloomingville  Post-Office),  a  vil- 
lage of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Blooms'burg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  1  mile  N.  of.  the  North  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  junction  of  2  railroad 
lines,  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Scranton,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Danville,  and  80  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
contains  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  the 
Bloomsburg  State  Normal  School,  several  iron-furnaces  and 
foundries,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  woollen  goods,  carpets, 
school  furniture,  Ac.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  A  canal  connects  Bloomsburg  with  the  Sus- 
quehanna River.  The  buildings  of  the  normal  school  cost 
about  $150,000.     Pop.  in  1880,  3702;  in  1890,  4635. 

Bloomsburg,  tne  former  name  of  Turbeville,  Va. 

Bloomsburg,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Black  Creek,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Simcoe.  Steamers  run 
hence  to  Port  Ryerse,  on  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  100. 

Blooras'bury,  a  post- village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Musconetcong  River  and  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Easton, 
Pa.,  and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  flouring-mills,  a  bank,  and  a  foundry. 

Blooms'dale,  a  post- village  of  St.  Genevieve  oo..  Mo., 
in  Jackson  township,  6  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River. 

Bloom  Switch,  a  post-office  at  Bloom  Station,  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Bloom'ville,  a  post-village  in  Kortright  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  main  (west)  branch  of  the 
Delaware  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Delhi.  It  has  a  church. 
It  is  surrounded  by  hills,  valleys,  and  rich  dairy  farms. 

Bloomville,  a  post- village  of  Seneca  oo.,  0.,  in  Bloom 
township,  on  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  A  Lake  Michigan 
Railroad,  10  m^les  S.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  an  academy,  3 
churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  700. 


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Blos'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  3  churches. 

BlosS)  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  containing  the  im- 
portant coal-mining  town  of  Arnot.     Pop.  4008. 

Bloss'burg,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre  of  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Tioga  River,  41  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Corning,  N.Y,,  and  about  33  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
llamfiport.     Its  prosperity  is  derived  mainly  from  mines  of 
semi-bituminous  coal.     It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  2  machine-shops,  a  foundry, 
a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  window-glass,  lumber,  sash, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2568. 
Blos'sotn,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 
Blossom,  a  post-town  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  81  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Texarkana,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Paris.     It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  several   cotton-ginning   establishments 
and  mills,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1000. 
Blossom  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Princess  Anne  oo.,  Va. 
Bloss'vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Taberg  Station,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.     It  has  paper- 
and  saw-mills. 

Blotsheim,  blots'hime  (Fr.  pron.  blots^fim'),  a  village 
of  Alsace,  4  miles  W.  of  Hiiningen.     Pop.  2441. 

Blount,  bliint,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  752  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  Black  Warrior  River,  one  of  which  is  called  the 
Mulberry  Fork.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  good  timber.  Indian  corn,  cotton,, 
wheat,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Louisville  A 
New  Orleans  division,  and  traversed  by  the  Birmingham 
Mineral  Branch,  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad. 
Capital,  Oneonto.  Pop.  in  1870,  9945;  in  1880,  15,369; 
in  1890,  21,927. 

Blount,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  614  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
flolston  River,  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  Chilhowee  Mountain  and  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountain, 
which  extends  along  the  S.E.  border.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Marble,  limestone,  and  iron  ore 
are  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Knoxville 
A  Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Maryville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,237;  in  1880,  15,985;  in  1890,  17,589. 

Blount,  a  post-township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  about  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Danville.  It  contains  a  village  named  Hig- 
ginsville.     Pop,  1532. 

Blount's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  oo.,  N.C., 
on  the  Pamlico  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Washington. 

Blount's  (or  Blunt's)  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Pla.,  on  the  Suwanee  River,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jasper.     It  has  a  church. 

Blount  Springs,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of 
Blount  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Mulberry  River,  34  miles  N.  of  Bir- 
mingham. It  has  a  mineral  spring,  3  churches,  an  acad- 
demy,  and  2  flour-mills.  Pop,  about  300. 
Blount  Station,  Kane  co.,  111.  See  Big  Rock. 
Blounts'town,  a  post-hamlet  and  shipping-point, 
capital  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Appalachicola  River, 
30  miles  below  Chattahoochee.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blounts'ville,  a  post-village,  formerly  the  capital  of 
Blount  CO.,  Ala.,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Huntsville,  and  16 
miles  from  Blount  Springs.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop,  about  300. 

Blountsville,  or  Bluntsville,a  post- village  of  Henry 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Stoney  Creek  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  or  4  stores.  Pop,  300, 
Blonnt'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co., 
Tenn.,  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  and  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy,  and  3 
churches. 

Blow'ing  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C., 
8  miles  S.  of  Boone.  It  has  several  church  organizations, 
and  saw-,  shingle-,  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  602. 
Bliicher,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  BtJDERicH. 
Bludenz,  bloo'dSnts,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  Ille,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Feldkirch.  It  has  a  castle,  and  alum- 
works.     Pop.  2466. 

Bludowitz,  bloo'do-'^its,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  10 

miles  W.  of  Leschen,  consisting  of  3  contiguous  villages, 

Obeb,  o'bfir,  MiTTEL,  mit't^l,  and  Niedeu,  nee'd^r,  Blu- 
dowitz.    Pop.,  respectively,  910,  70.3,  and  2650. 

Bine,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3603,  ex- 
tlusive  of  the  city  of  Independence. 


Blue  Ball,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo..  Ark. 
Blue  Ball,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  abont  SO 
miles  E.  of  Trenton.     See  Turkey. 
Blue  Ball,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 
Blue  Ball,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
A  Clearfield  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Clearfield.     Eleva- 
tion, 1613  feet.     Much  fire-clay  is  shipped  hence. 

Blue  Ball,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Blue  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  flows  S.E.,  on  the 
boundary  between  Terre  Bonne  and  La  Fourche  parishes, 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  traverses  a  flat,  swampy 
district,  in  which  there  is  but  little  arable  land. 

Blue  Bell,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Eastern  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Blue  Bell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Whitpain  township,  2  miles  from  Penllyn  Station,  which  ii 
17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blue  Cafton,  kan'yon,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of 
Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  78  miles 
N.E.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 
Blue  Creek,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ga. 
Blue  Creek,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  280. 
Blue  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind. 
Blue  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Rome. 
Blue  Creek,  a  township  of  Paulding  c».,  0.    Pop,  163. 
Blue  Creek,  a  station  m  Box  Elder  co,,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Ogden,  and  on 
Blue  Creek,  which  flows  into  the  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Blue  Cut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has 
2  warehouses  for  grain. 
Blue  Eagle,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Mo. 
Blue  Earth,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Minnesota  River,  is  intersected  by  Blue  Earth 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Cobb  and  Watonwan  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies, 
forests,  and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  Indian  com,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
It  has  plenty  of  timber,  among  which  are  the  a«h,  white 
oak,  sugar-maple,  and  elm.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  this 
county,  and  several  railroads  centre  at  Mankato,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  17,302;  in  1880,  22,889;  in  1890,  29,210. 

Blue  Earth  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Faribault 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Blue  Earth  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Man- 
kato. It  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  7  churches,  2  grist- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  cigars,  sash  and  doors,  Ac.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 1569. 
Blue  Earth  (or  Mankato)  River,  Minnesota,  rises 
near  the  S.  boundary  of  the  state.  It  runs  northward, 
drains  Faribault  co.,  intersects  Blue  Earth  co.,  and  enters 
the  Minnesota  River  2  miles  above  Mankato. 

Bine'field,  a  post-town  of  Mercer  co.,W.Va.,  106  miles 
by  rail  AV.  of  Roanoke,  Va.,  and  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Princeton.  It  has  4  churches,  extensive  iron-  and  brick- 
works, and  numerous  stores.     Pop.  1775. 

Blue'fields,  or  Blew'fields,  a  river  and  town  of 
the  Mosquito  Territory,  Nicaragua,  the  river  entering  an 
inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  in  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  83°  W.,  after 
an  eastward  course  of  several  hundred  miles,  for  the  last  80 
miles  of  which  it  is  navigable.  At  its  mouth  is  the  town, 
on  a  commanding  height,  with  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  500. 

Blue  Grass,  a  post- village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  about 
3  miles  from  Potomac  Railroad  Station,  and  21  miles  N,N,W. 
of  Danville, 

Blue  Grass,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 
Blue  Grass,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Buf- 
falo and  Blue  Grass  townships,  about  10  miles  W,  of  Dav- 
enport,    It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  several  factories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1389. 
Blue  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 
Blue  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  is  in 
Blue  Hill  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea  called  Blue  Hill 
Bay,  15  miles  from  Bueksport,  and  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bangor,     It  has  2  churches,  the  Blue  Hill  Academy,  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  and  3  granite-quarries.    Fluor-spar  and 
apatite  are  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1707. 

Blue  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Mil- 
ton township,  2  miles  from  Mattapan  Railroad  Station. 

Blue  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Webster  co..  Neb.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Hastings,  It  has  5  church  organizations,  3 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop,  796, 

Blue  Hill  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  in  Blue  Hill  township,  17^  miles 


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8.S.E.  of  Buoksport,  has  a.  oopper-mine,  and  manufactures 
of  fish-barrels,  and  of  fish  oil  from  porgies  taken  in  the 
Ticinity. 

Blue  House,  a  hamlet  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.,  3  miles  N. 
of  Whitehall  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  turpentine-distil- 
lery and  a  church. 

Blue  Island,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  III.,  in  Cal- 
amet  and  Worth  townships,  on  Calumet  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Chicago,  also  on  the  Dummy  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  from  the  initial 
station  at  Chicago.  It  has  6  churches,  a  state  bank,  a  high 
school,  copper  ore  smelting-works,  extensive  brick-yards, 
and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Blue  Jack'et,  a  station  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  In- 
iian  Territory,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Vinita  Junction. 

Blue  Knob,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Newry. 

Blue  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  red  wood  and  pine  lumber, 
shingles,  and  shakes.     Fop.  600. 

Blue  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  2  miles  from  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blue  Lick  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Licking  River,  about 
48  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  Here  are  mineral  springs, 
the  water  of  which  is  exported.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blue  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  on 
2  railroads,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  43  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Butler,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
creamery,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  689. 

Blue  Mound,  township,  McLean  co..  111.     Pop.  1219. 

Blue  Mound,  a  post-villnge  of  Mncon  co.,  111.,  15  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of  tile  and 
Drick,  bee-hives,  Ac.     Pop.  about  900. 

Blue  Mound,  township,  Livingston  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1048. 

Blue  Mound,  a  post  hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about 
24  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Madison.     Pop.  1449. 

Blue  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Tippah  co..  Miss. 

Blue  Mountain,  Pennsylvania.     See  Kittatinny. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  long  range  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Oregon.  The  northern  extremity  of  this  range  is  near  lat. 
1 1>°  N.,  from  which  it  extends  southwestward  through  Uma- 
tilla CO.  Forests  of  pine  and  fir  grow  on  these  mountains, 
which  are  composed  chiefly  of  granitic  rocks. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  eastern  portion  of 
Jamaica.  The  principal  ridge  extends  from  E.  to  W.,  and 
varies  in  height  from  5000  to  above  6000  feet. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  range  in  Eastern  Australia,  New 
South  Wales.     Lat.  33°-34°  S.;  Ion.  150°-151°  E. 

Blue  Point,  a  post-office  of  Effingham  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Altamont. 

Blue  Point,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.W.  of  Portland,  Me.,  and  on  Saco  Bay. 

Blue  Point,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Great  South  Bay,  in  Brookhaven  township,  on  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Patchogue.  It  has  2  churches. 
Good  oysters  abound  here.     Pop.  321. 

Blue  Rapids,  a  post-town  of  Mai-shall  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Big  Blue  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Blue  River, 
95  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atchison,  and  about  36  miles  N.  of 
Manhattan.  It  is  in  Blue  Rapids  City  township.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  2 
large  flour-mills,  2  gypsum-mills,  and  a  woolen-mill,  for 
which  the  river  affords  water-power.  Pop.  905;  of  the 
township,  1477. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  long  mountain-ridge  of  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  is  the  southeasternmost  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies  or  Appalachian  Mountains.  Its  direction  is  nearly 
N.E.  and  S.W.  The  ridge,  which  in  Maryland  and  Penn- 
sylvania is  called  South  Mountain,  is  a  continuation  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  which  extends  southwestward  through  Georgia 
to  Alabama.  Among  the  highest  points  of  this  ridge  in 
Virginia  are  the  Peaks  of  Otter,  4200  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  Silurian  limestone  and  sandstone  are  abundant  in 
this  ridge.  Forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  chestnut,  oak, 
maple,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  portion  of  it. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-town  and  summer  resort  of  Fan- 
nin CO.,  Qa.,  on  the  summit  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains, 
2000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  by  rail  83  miles  N.  of  Mari- 
etta, Ga.,  and  122  miles  S.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  500. 
Blue  Ridge,  a  township  of  Piatt  co..  111.  Pop.  1120. 
It  contains  Mansfield. 
Blue  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  in 


Liberty  township,  6  or  7  miles  E.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo.,  aboat 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C., 
near  the  mountain  of  the  same  name.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop,  1354. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  McKinney.  It  has  a  church,  and  several  stores 
and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  100. 

Bine  Ridge  Furnace,  a  station  in  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Potomac 
River,  4  miles  below  Harper's  Ferry. 

Blue  Ridge  Springs  (station  name,  Bine  Ridge),  a 
post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  in  an 
iron-mining  district,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Roanoke.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Blue  Ridge  Summit,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hagerstown,  Md.,  on  the  Blue 
Ridge,  at  Mason  and  Dixon's  Line.     It  has  4  large  hotels. 

Blue  River,  Colorado,  rises  near  Quandary  Peak  and 
Mount  Lincoln,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the 
Grand  River  near  the  W.  border  of  the  Middle  Park. 
Length,  59  miles. 

Blue  (or  Big  Blue)  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  drains  parts  of  Rush  and  Shelby 
COS.  About  1  mile  below  Edinburg  it  unites  with  Sugar 
Creek  to  form  the  East  Fork  of  White  River. 

Blue  River,  of  Southern  Indiana,  rises  in  WashingtoE 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  drains  part  of  Harrison  co.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  about  1  mile  above  Leavenworth.  It 
is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Blue  River,  Nebraska.    See  Bio  Blue  River. 

Blue  River,  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  runs  northward,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  River  at  Blue  River  Railroad  Station. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.    P.  1125. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1198.     It  contains  Hancock. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  862 

Blue  River,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2573. 

Blue  River,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind. 

Blue  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in 
Waterstown  township,  on  the  AVisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  63  miles  W.  of  Madison.     Pop.  40. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.     Pop.  826. 

Blue  River  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39° 
46'  9"  N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  W.  Its  altitude  is  about  13,000 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Blue  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
Blue  Rock  township,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zanesville.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Muskingum  River, 
and  has  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1093. 

Blue  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  is  at 
Springfield  Railroad  Station,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Reading. 

Blue  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Rome. 

Blue  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Blue  Spring  Run,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Blue  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  21 
miles  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
canning-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  500. 

Blue  Springs,  a  city  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Big 
Blue  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Beatrice.  It  has' 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  2  grain- 
elevators,  etc.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  1200, 

Blue  Springs,  Tennessee.    See  Erie. 

Blue  Spring  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  S.  of  Cleveland. 

Blue-Stack  Mountain,  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Done- 
gal, near  Glenties,  has  an  elevation  of  2213  feet. 

Blue  Stem,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Bl  ue'stone,  a  small  river  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
flows  northeastward  through  Mercer  co.,  and  falls  into  the 
New  River,  5  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Greenbrier. 

Blue  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Blue  Stores,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  from  Livingston  Railroad  Station. 

Blue  Sul'phur  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  9  miles  from  Alderson 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  mineral  springs.  • 

Blne'vale,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Maitland  River,  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lucknow.  It  con- 
tains several  stores  and  hotels,  3  churches,  and  saw-,  grist- 
cardins;-,  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  300. 


BLU 


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Blue  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Neb.,  about 
45  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Blue  Wing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  35 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Danville,  Va. 

Bluffy  ^  post-village,  capital  of  San  Juan  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  San  Juan  River,  about  190  miles  E.S.E.  of  Beaver. 
Pop.  200. 

Bluff,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Bluff  Centre,  a  post-oflBce  of  Clay  co.,  S.D. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co..  Ark. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co..  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  River. 

Bluff  City,  a  post- village  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Anthony  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
Railway,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Anthony.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  12  miles  from  Henderson. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bristol.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bluff  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  about  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Bluff  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Qreene  co.,  111.,  in  Bluff 
Dale  township,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1440. 

Bluff  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Stephensville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bluff  Hall,  a  station  in  Adams  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Quincy, 
Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Bluff  Harbor,  a  seaport  of  the  province  of  Otago, 
New  Zealand,  on  Foveaux  Strait,  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Invercargill.     It  ships  many  railway  ties  and  much  produce. 

Bluff  Point,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind. 

Bluff  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Eeuka  Lake,  4^  miles  S.W.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  a  church. 
Many  grapes  are  produced  here. 

Bluff  Point,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Blutf'port  (South  Pultney  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Keuka  Lake,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  grape-box  factory. 

Bluffs,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Hannibal  &  Naples  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Naples. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Bluff  Siding,  a  station  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota 
and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  2  miles  from  Wi- 
nona. Minn. 

Bluffs  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.,  N.C.,  7 
miles  from  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Bluff  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Goodwater  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
carding-machine,  and  a  church. 

Bluff  Springs,  a  post-borough  of  Escambia  co..  Fla., 
on  the  Escambia  River,  38  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Pensacola. 
It  has  2  churches  and  extensive  manufactures  of  brick, 
turpentine,  yellow  pine  lumber,  and  cypress  shingles. 
Pop.  500. 

Bluff  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  III.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Beardstown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Bluff'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Fourche  La  Fave  River,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Dardanelle.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bluffton,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Port  Gaines.  It  has  2  churches,  2  cotton-gins,  2  lumber- 
mills,  and  an  academy. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne, 
and  41  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Muncie.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
banks,  a  union  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  6  saw-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  a  woolen-mill,  and  3  carriage-shops.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2364;  in  1890,  3589. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on 
theUpper  Iowa  River,  in  Bluffton  township,  12  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Decorah.  It  has  a  graded  school.  The  river  is  bordered 
by  limestone  bluffs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  870. 

Bluffton,  a  post- village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Lakeside  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  5  miles  from  Mus- 
kegon City.     It  has  3  large  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bli^ffton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  2  miles  from  Morrison  Station  of  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  Richland 
township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  16  miles 


N.E.  of  Lima,  and  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fremont.  It  has 
6  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  saw-  and  planing- 
mills,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1290. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  near  the 
sea-coast,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  2047. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Llano  co.,  Tex.,  is  on  the 
Colorado  River,  45  miles  from  Round  Rook  Railroad  Sta« 
tion.     It  has  several  church  organizations., 

Blum,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  42  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Fort  Worth.    It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Bluraenstein,  bloo'm§n-stine\  a  village  of  Switzei 
land,  canton  of  Bern,  ,at  the  foot  of  the  Stockhorn,  5  miles 
W.  of  Thun,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  933. 

Blumenthal,  bloo'men-tir,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen,  near  the  Weser,  with 
a  small  port.  Pop.  371.  Blumenthal  is  also  the  name  of 
other  villages  in  Germany. 

Blum'held,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
about  10  miles  E.  of  East  Saginaw.     Pop.  250. 

Blunt,  a  post-town  of  Hughes  co.,  S.D.,  about  35  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pierre.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
creamery,  a  broom-factory,  a  plough-factory,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  353. 

Blunt,  Kane  co..  111.     See  Biq  Rock. 

Blyham,  or  Blijham,  bli'h&m,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Groningen,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Winschoten.   P.  810. 

Biyth,  or  BIythe,  blixH,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Northumberland,  on  the  Blyth  River,  at  its  mouth,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle.  It  has  a  light-house, 
a  dry  dock,  a  custom-house,  Ac.     Pop.  2918. 

Blyth,  or  BIythe,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk, 
enters  the  North  Sea  near  Southwold. 

Blyth,  or  BIythe,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  North- 
umberland, flows  into  the  North  Sea  at  Blyth. 

Blyth,  bliTH,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  10} 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Clinton. 

BIythe,  bliTH,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.  Poo 
1924,  exclusive  of  Middleport  and  New  Philadelphia. 

Biythe'dale,  a  mining  post-town  of  Alleghany  cu., 
Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  28  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are  the  coal-mines 
and  coke-works  of  Carnegie  Bros.  A  Co,  and  W.  L.  Scott 
A  Co.     Pop.  500. 

BIythewood,  bliTH'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  S.C.,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  female  college,  and  a  distillery  of  turpentine. 

BIy'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Neb.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Yankton,  S.D. 

Bo,  or  Po,  a  group  of  seven  islands  in  the  Malay  Arch- 
ipelago, E.S.E.  of  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  18'  E. 

Boa  Bahia,  a  city  of  India.     See  Bombay. 

Boad,  or  Bod,  bod,  a  tributary  state  of  Orissa,  India, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Mahanuddy,  and  surrounded  in  great 
part  by  native  states  in  Madras  and  the  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  2064  square  miles,  including  the  Khond  Mais,  a  tract 
under  British  authority, — Boad  proper  being  under  a  native 
rajah.  Pop.  of  the  Khond  Mais,  51,810;  of  Boad  proper, 
57,058.     Capital,  Boad,  a  small  town  on  the  Mahanuddy. 

Boadilla  de  Rioseco,  bo-3,-THeel'y&  dk  re-o-s&'ko,  a 
town  of  Spain,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1180. 

Bo'a  Island,  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Fermanagh,  is  tho 
largest  island  in  Lough  Erne.     Acres,  1400. 

Boali,  bo-i'lee,  Bovali,  bo-v&'lee,  Bouali,  boo-i'le, 
or  liOango,  lo-ang'go,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Loango, 
on  the  river  Boali,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  4°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  12°  1' 
E.  It  is  a  sickly  place,  but  exports  dye-woods,  ivory,  and 
the  other  products  of  Guinea.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Boalsburg,  bolz'burg,  a  post- village  of  Centre  co..  Pa., 
in  Harris  township,  and  in  Penn  Valley,  about  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Altoona,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Bellefonte.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches.     Pop.  371. 

Board  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Ark.,  76 
miles  W.  of  Hot  Sj  .rings.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Board  Land'ing,  a  post  office  of  Horry  co.,  S.C. 

Boardinan,  bord'man,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1709,  exclusive  of  El  Kader. 

Boardman,  township,  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  127. 

Boardman,  a  post-township,  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Youngstown.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  817. 

Boardman,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  Willow  River,  and  on  the  North 
Wisconsin  Railroad,  11  or  12  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It 
has  2  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Board  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 


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Boardville,  a  village  of  New  Jersey.     See  Ebskihs. 

BoatMaud,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  cc,  Tenn. 

Boavista,  bo-4-vees'ti,  or  Bonavis'ta  (i.e.,  "fine 
Flow"),  an  island  of  Africa,  the  easternmost  of  the  Cape 
Verd  Islands.  Lat.  of  N.W.  point,  16°  13'  18"  N. ;  Irn.  22° 
66'  24"  W.  It  is  of  a  pentagonal  form,  20  miles  in  length. 
The  surface  is  flat,  with  two  basaltic  peaks  in  the  centre. 
The  island  is  very  dry,  and  cultivation  is  neglected,  the 
population  being  chiefly  occupied  in  the  collection  and 
export  of  archil  and  salt.  It  has  a  railway,  and  3  ports 
for  large  vessels.  Chief  towns,  Kabil  (the  capital)  and 
Porto  Sal  Rey.     Pop.  2534. 

Bo'az,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah 
&  Memphis  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Paducah,  on  or  near 
Mayfield  Creek.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

BoaZy  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  in  Dayton 
township,  9  miles  W.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bob,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Ark.,  7  miles  from  Benton 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bobbio,  bob'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Trebbia,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Piacenza.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
once  famous  library.     Pop.  4632. 

Bobcaygeon,  bob-ka'jun,  a  village  in  Victoria  co., 
Ontario,  between  Sturgeon  and  Pigeon  Lakes,  18  miles  N. 
of  Lindsay.  A  canal  passes  through  the  village,  connecting 
the  above  lakes  and  giving  important  water  communica- 
tion. Bobcaygeon  is  a  great  lumber  depot.  It  contains 
saw-  and  planing-mills,  and  a  printing-ofiice  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper.  Steamers  run  regularly  between  here 
and  Lindsay  and  other  important  towns.     Pop.  1000. 

Bob  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis. 

Bo'ber,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  rises  on  the  Bohe- 
mian frontier,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Oder  at  Crossen. 
Length,  115  miles.     Chief  afiiuent,  the  Queiss,  on  the  left. 

Bober,  a  river  of  Poland.     See  Bobr. 

Boberka,  bo'b§r-ki\  or  Bobrka,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2750. 

Bobersberg,  bo'b§rs-b§RG^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Bran- 
denburg, 17  miles  S.  of  Crossen,  on  the  Bober.     Pop.  1546. 

Bobia,  bo'be-a,  or  Pi'rate  Isle,  a  populous  island  of 
Africa,  in  the  Bay  of  Amboises,  coast  of  Guinea.  It  was 
once  a  large  island,  but  is  continually  decreasing  by  the 
action  of  the  waves. 

Bo^bil'ee,  or  Bobil'ly,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicacole. 

Bobingen,  bo'bing-en,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1703. 

Boblingen,  bob'ling-en,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  3826. 

Bobr,  bo'b'r,  a  navigable  river  of  Poland,  tributary  to 
the  Narew.     Its  length  is  about  50  miles. 

Bobrinetz,  or  Bobrinez,  bo^bree-n^tz',  a  town  of 
Russia,  100  miles  N.  of  Kherson.     Pop.  6553. 

Bobrka,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland.    See  Boberka. 

Bobrov',  or  Bo^brotP,  a  town  of  Russia,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Bitioog.     Pop.  3134. 

Bobrowi,  an  island  of  Alaska.  See  Pribylov  Islands. 

Bobruisk,  bo-broo-isk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  88  miles  S.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.     P.  64,928. 

Bob'town,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dunkard 
township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Uniontown. 

Bobtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  2i 
miles  from  Benton's  Ferry. 

Bo'ca,  a  post- village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Truckee 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of 
Reno.  It  has  a  church,  a  brewery,  a  large  lumber-mill,  a 
graded  school,  and  an  extensive  ice  business.     Pop.  400. 

Boca,  bo'ki  {i.e.,  "  mouth,  inlet,  or  entrance"),  a  term 
ttpplied  to  numerous  straits  and  rivers. 

Boca  Chica,  bo'kfi,  chee'kS,  (i.e.,  "little  mouth  or  en- 
trance"), a  deep  but  narrow  entrance  to  the  port  of  Carta- 
gena, Colombia,  28  miles  S.W.  of  the  town. 

Boca  del  Dragon,  bo'k&  dildri-gon'  [i.e.,  "dragon's 
mouth"),  a  passage,  in  Colombia,  state  of  Panama,  leading 
from  Lake  Chiriqui  into  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Boca  del  Toro.    See  Bocas  del  Toro. 

Boca  de  Maypu,  bo'ki  di  mi-poo',  a  port  of  Chili, 
province  of  Santiago,  on  the  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Maypu.  It  is  connected  by  a  railway  with  San  Antonio,  3 
miles  distant. 

Boca  de  Navios,  bo'ki  di  ni've-oce  (i.e.,  "entrance 
for  ships"),  the  southern  and  largest  mouth  of  the  Orinoco 
River,  South  America. 

Bocage,  or  Le  Socage,  l^h  bo^kftzh',  an  old  district 
of  France,  in  Normandy,  of  which  Vire  was  the  capital. 
It  is  now  included  in  the  department  of  Calvados. 


Bocage,  part  of  the  department  of  La  Vend<Je,  France, 
so  called  on  account  of  the  great  quantity  of  wood  with 
which  it  is  covered. 

Boca  Grande.    See  Charlotte  Harbor,  Fla. 

Bocaina,  bo-ki'ni,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  It  is  an  ofl"set  of  the  Orgoos  or  Organ 
Mountains. 

Bocairent,  bo-ki-rSnt',  or  Bocayrente,  bo-kl-rfin'- 
ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alicante,  It  has 
manufactures  of  cloth,  soap,  and  paper.     Pop.  4400. 

Bocas  del  Toro,  bo'kis  dfil  to'ro,  a  port  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  state  of  Panama,  on  an  island  of  the 
same  name,  and  on  one  of  the  entrances  to  that  magnificent 
harbor,  the  Bay  of  Chiriqui.  The  town  is  in  lat.  9°  25'  N., 
Ion.  82°  12'  W.  It  exports  oocoanuts,  sarsaparilla,  india- 
rubber,  and  turtle-shell.     Pop.  3000. 

Boca  (or  Bocca)  Tigris,  bok'ki  tee'gris,  or  The 
Bogue,  the  entrance  to  the  Canton  River,  China,  about 
lat.  22°  45'  N.,  Ion.  113°  35'  E.  All  the  estuary  of  the 
river  southward  of  this  is  called  the  "  Outer  Waters."  The 
Bogue  has  on  its  E.  side  the  islands  An-Ung-Hoy  and 
Chuen-Pee,  on  its  W.  Tycocktow  Island,  and  in  its  centre  the 
rocky  islets  North  and  South  Wantung, — all  fortified. 

Bocca  di  Cattaro.     See  Gulf  of  Cattaro. 

Bocchetta  (bok-kfit'ti)  Mountain,  one  of  the  West 
Apennines,  traversed  by  the  road  from  Genoa  to  Novi.  The 
summit  of  the  pass  is  2556  feet  high. 

Bocchigliero,  bok-keel-yi'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Cosenza,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  3179. 

Bochnia,  boK'ne-i,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  25 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Cracow.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
gymnasium,  and  mines  of  rock  salt.     Pop.  8040. 

Bochold,  or  Bocholt,  both  pronounced  boK'61t,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  44  miles  W.  of  Miinster,  on 
the  Aa.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool- 
len, and  silk  fabrics,  hosiery,  and  brandy.  There  are  ex- 
tensive iron-works  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  6125. 

Bochum,  boK'oom,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  35 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  coal-mines,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cassimeres,  hardwares,  steel, 
coke,  carpets,  etc.     Pop.  28,368. 

Bockau,  bok'kow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  4  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Schwarzenberg.     Pop.  1854. 

Bockenem,  bok'k§n-fim,  a  town  of  Hanover,  in  Prus- 
sia, 16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1862. 

Bockenheim,  bok'k?n-hIme\  a  town  of  Prussia,  3 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  piano-fortes,  jewelry,  and  iron-ware.    Pop.  8476. 

Bockfluss,  bok'flooss,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  with  a 
castle,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Marchegg.     Pop.  1540. 

Bocognano,  bo-k6n-y4'no,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Corsica,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  1324, 

Bocza,  bot'si,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Verbicz.     Pop.  1385. 

Bod,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bo  ad. 

Bodami  Castrum,  the  Latin  for  Bodmann. 

Bodcau  (bod'kSw)  Lake,  ofBossier  parish,  in  the  N.^. 
part  of  Louisiana.  Bodcau  Bayou  or  River  enters  the  N.E. 
extremity,  and  also  forms  the  outlet  by  which  the  water  is 
discharged  from  the  other  end  into  Red  River.  Length, 
about  20  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  3  or  4  miles. 

Bodcau  Bayou  or  River,  of  Arkansas  and  Louisiana, 
rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  former  state,  and,  flowing  south- 
ward into  Louisiana,  enters  Red  River  in  Bossier  parish, 
after  passing  through  Bodcau  Lake. 

Bodega,  bo-di'gfl,,  township,  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.   P.  1407. 

Bodega  Corners,  a  village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Bodega  township,  about  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and 
redwood  lumber.     Here  is  Smith's  Ranch  Post-Officc. 

Bodega  Roads,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  64  miles  W.N.W.  of  San 
Francisco.  It  is  near  Bodega  Bay,  the  entrance  to  which 
from  the  sea  is  in  lat.  38°  18'  20.37"  N.,  Ion.  123°  2'  28.8" 
W.  The  bay  itself  is  of  a  very  irregular  shape.  Length, 
perhaps  10  miles;  greatest  breadth,  4  or  5  miles.  It  is  a 
good  anchorage  in  summer,  small  vessels  being  able  to  cross 
the  bar  at  high  water.  There  was  a  settlement  of  Russians 
established  at  Bodega  Roads  in  1812. 

Bodegas,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Babahoto. 

Bodegraven,  bo'd^h-griV^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Rhine,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  3036. 

Bo'denham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  oo.,  Tenn.,  70  mile« 
S.  by  W.  from  Nashville.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Boden-See,  Germany.    See  Lake  op  Constance. 

Bodenstadt,  bo'd§n-stitt',  a  town  of  Moravia,  4* 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1487. 


BOD 


670 


BOG 


Bodenstein,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Pottenstein. 

Bodenwerder,  bo'd^n-^^iR^^r,  a  town  of  Pnisaia,  in 
Hanover,  on  the  Weser,  enclosed  by  the  territory  of  Bruns- 
wick, 12  miles  S.E.  of  Hameln.     Pop.  1307. 

Bodersweier^  bo'd^rs-^rer,  a  village  of  Baden,  4ii 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bischofsheim.     Pop.  1103. 

Bodie,  bo'dee,  a  post- village  of  Mono  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Bridgeport  township,  about  100  miles  from  Carson  City, 
Nev.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  mills  for 
gold  ore.     Here  are  rich  gold-mines.     Pop.  about  1000. 

BodincomagnS)  a  town  of  ancient  Italy.   See  Casale. 

Bodinesville,  boMinz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of 
Williamsport.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bod'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 

Bodmanii)  bod'minn  (L.  Bodami  Castrum),  a  village 
of  Baden,  on  the  Lake  of  Constance,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Bre- 
genz,  with  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  the  former  residence  of 
the  lieutenants  (Bote-mann  or  Bodmanro,  i.e.,  "  messenger" 
or  "  legatus")  of  the  Carlovingian  kings,  whence  the  lake 
was  named  Bodman-See  or  Boden-See.     Pop.  891. 

Bod'min^  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  Cornwall, 
14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Wadebridge,  and  232  miles  W.S.W. 
of  London.  The  town  consists  of  a  long  street,  situated 
between  two  hills.  It  has  a  grammar-school  founded  by 
Queen  Elizabeth,  a  mayoralty  house,  a  court-house,  a  jail 
and  house  of  correction,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  market-house, 
and  a  corn-market.  The  chief  manufacture  is  of  shoes.  It 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Bodmin  was  at 
one  time  the  seat  of  the  Bishop  of  Cornwall ;  it  is  now  one 
of  the  stannary  towns.     Pop.  (1891)  5151. 

Bododriga^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Boppard. 

Bodoe^  bo'do^^h,  a  small  seaport  of  Norway,  nearly  op- 
posite the  S.  extremity  of  the  LoEFoden  Islands.     Pop.  253. 

Bodrogh-Keresztnrv  bo'drog'-ki'r&^tooR',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zemplin,  on  the  Bodrogh,  a  tributary 
of  the  Theiss,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  1870. 

Bodruni)  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Boodroom. 

Bod'y  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  9  miles 
from  Liberty. 

Bod'y's  Island,  a  long,  narrow,  and  low  s^ip  of 
sand,  separating  Albemarle  and  Roanoke  Sounds  (N.C.) 
from  the  Atlantic.  Its  S.  extremity  is  at  Oregon  Inlet,  2 
miles  N.  of  which  is  a  light-house  150  feet  high,  lat.  35° 
48'  47"  N.,  Ion.  75°  33'  20"  "W.,  the  tallest  structure  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  States. 

Boeger's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo. 

Boen,  bw6N»,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  1895. 

Boeo  Cape,  Sicily.    See  Cape  Boeo. 

Bceotia,  be-o'she-a,  or  Viotia  (modern  Gr.  pron.  ve-o- 
tee'i;  Gr.  Boiwria,  Boiotia),  a  district,  anciently  a  republic, 
of  Greece,  bounded  E.  by  the  Euboean  Channel,  and  S.  by 
Attica,  with  which  it  forms  a  nome  in  the  kingdom  of 
Greece.  (See  Attica.)  Surface  well  watered  and  fertile. 
Mount  Helicon  is  on  its  S.E.  border. 

Boerne,  ber'nee,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Kendall  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Cibolo,  and  on  the  San  Antonio  <fc  Aran- 
sas Pass  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  800. 
Boerne  was  founded  in  1851  by  Germans.  It  has  a  genial 
climate,  and  is  a  resort  for  invalids. 

Boeroe,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Booro. 

Boerum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Burum. 

BoBuf,  bef  (Fr.  pron.  buf),  a  station  in  Assumption 
parish.  La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Brashear. 

Bceuf,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3910. 

Bceuf,  a  township  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1277. 

Boeuf  Bayou,  bif  bi'oo,  drains  part  of  Chicot  co., 
Ark.,  and  passes  thence  into  Louisiana.  It  runs  south- 
westward  through  West  Carroll  and  Richland  parishes,  and 
enters  the  Ouachita  River  at  the  south  extremity  of  Frank- 
lin parish.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  is 
navigable  during  high  water. 

Bceuf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Boeuf  River,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish,  La. 

Bog,  two  rivers  of  European  Russia.     See  Bug. 

Bo'gan  or  New- Year  River  (the  "Allan  Water" 
of  Oxley),  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  rises  in 
Harvey  range  near  lat.  33°  S.,  Ion.  148°  30'  E.,  flows  gen- 
erally N.W.,  and  joins  the  Darling  River  about  lat.  30°  S., 
Ion.  146°  E.     Total  course,  450  miles. 

Bo'gansville,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  S.C.     P.  1891. 

Boggard',  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1170. 

Bogard,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1117. 


Bogard,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  Co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bogarra,  bo-gaR'R4,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles'  S.W.  of 
Albacete.     Pop.  1200. 

Bo'gart,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Bogdan,  the  Turkish  name  of  Moldavia. 

Bogdoin  Dabassoo  (or  Dabassu),  bog'doin  d&- 
b&s'soo,  a  salt  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Astrakhan,  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountain  Bogdo  Oola,  14  miles  E.  of  Chemo- 
yarsk.     It  is  about  10  miles  long  and  6  miles  broad. 

Bogdo  Kuren.    See  Oorga. 

Bog'do  Oo'la,  a  mountain  of  South  Russia,  in  the 
N.W.  of  the  government  of  Astrakhan.  It  rises  abruptly 
out  of  the  flat  steppe,  and  is  held  sacred  by  the  Kalmucks. 
Its  summit  contains  fragments  of  mussel  limestone,  but  is 
chiefly  composed  of  rock  salt.  Little  Bogdo  Oola  is 
another  hill,  25  miles  to  the  N. 

Bogen,  bo'gh^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Bogenberg,  6  miles  E.  of  Straubing.  Pop. 
1300. 

Bogenberg,  bo'gh^n-biRO^  a  mountain  of  Bavaria, 
having  upon  it  a  village  of  the  same  name,  with  a  chapel, 
a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  643. 

Bogenhausen,  bo'gh§n-h6w*z§n,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Munich,  with  a  royal  observatory.     P.  972. 

Bogense,  bo'gh§n-s§h,  a  seaport  of  Denmark,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Funen.     Pop.  1000. 

Bo'gerville,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga. 

Bog'gan's,  a  station  of  Anson  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Boggs,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2135,  ex- 
elusive  of  Milesburg. 

Boggs,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  784. 

Boggs'  Mill  (Glenbrook  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Lake 
CO.,  Cal.,  32  miles  from  Calistoga.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and 
a  mineral  spring. 

Boggs'  Run,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  2  miles  S. 
of  Wheeling,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Boggs'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  ob 
Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw> 
mill,  and  about  12  residences. 

Boggs  Wharl,  a  post-village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  on 
a  navigable  inlet  of  the  sea.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Boghas  Kieui  (or  Kewee),  bo^g&z'  k&'wee,  or  Koi 
(identified  with  the  anc.  Pterium),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
pashalic  of  Seevas,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Amasia.  Here  are 
portions  of  a  large  temple  and  of  a  cyclopean  wall,  and  2 
fortresses,  besides  various  bas-reliefs. 

Boghaz,  the  Turkish  for  Bosporus. 

Bo'gia,  or  Bo'gias,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  oc, 
Fla.,  on  the  railroad  from  Pensacola  to  Pollard,  Ala.,  32  milef 
N.  of  Pensacola.     It  has  a  church. 

Bogie,  bo'ghee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
flows  northward,  and  joins  the  Deveron  near  Huntly. 

Bogle,  bo'g'l,  a  township  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  991. 

BogMipoor',  Bhaugulpoor,  or  Bhagalpnr, 
bawg^ul-poor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district,  on 
the  Ganges,  and  on  a  railway,  105  miles  N.W.  of  Moorshe- 
dabad.  Pop.  in  1891,  69,106.  It  has  remarkable  Jain 
temples,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Boglipoor,  Bhaugulpoor,  or  Bhagalpur,  a  di- 
vision of  the  province  of  Bahar  (Bengal),  consisting  of  the 
districts  of  Boglipoor,  Monghir,  Purneah,  and  the  Santa! 
Pergunnahs.  Area,  18,685  square  miles.  Pop.  6,613,358. 
Boglipoor  district  is  enclosed  by  Nepaul,  Pumean,  the  Santal 
Pergunnahs,  Tirhoot,  and  Monghir.  Capital,  Boglipoor. 
Area,  4268  square  miles.     Pop.  1,826,290. 

Bog'nor,  formerly  Hothamp'ton,  a  town  and  bath- 
ing-place of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  a  railway,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Chichester.  It  is  sheltered  from  N.  winds,  and  has 
many  pleasant  residences,  but  is  accessible  only  to  small 
coasting-vessels.     Pop.  2811. 

Bogodookhov,  ]logodoukhov,orBogodukhov, 
bo-go-doo-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  39  miles 
N.W.  of  Kharkov.     Pop.  9999. 

Bogde,  two  islands  of  Denmark.     See  Baaooe. 

Bog  of  Allen,  the  general  name  applied  to  a  series  of 
bogs  in  Ireland  stretching  across  the  centre  of  the  country 
from  Wicklow  Head  to  Galway  on  the  S.,  and  from  Howth 
Head  to  Sligo  on  the  N.  But  the  name  is  especially  given 
to  the  great  morasses  of  Kildare  and  King's  counties. 

Bogoochar,  Bogoutchar,  or  Bogutschar,  bo- 
goo-chaR',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  138  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Voronezh,  near  the  Don.     Pop.  5151. 


BOG 


671 


BOH 


f 


Bogooslav,  Bogonslav,  or  Boguslaw,  bo-goo- 
«l4v',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Kiev,  on  the  banks  of  the  Rossa.     Pop.  6000. 

Bogoroditsk,  bo-go-ro-ditsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Toola,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Toola.  It  has  a  royal 
castle,  and  a  trade  in  honey  and  flax.     Pop.  7290. 

Bogoslo'va,  or  Bogoslofl',  a  small  island  and  vol- 
cano of  Alaska,  N.W.  of  Oonalaska,  lOUO  feet  high,  Lat. 
fiS"  52'  N. ;  Ion.  167°  39'  W. 

Bogoslovsk,  bo-go-slovek',  a  village  of  Russia,  in  the 
Ural  Mountains,  government  and  185  miles  N.E.  of  Perm. 

Bogota,  bo-go-ti',  formerly  Santa  Fe  de  Bo- 
gota, s4a'ti  fi  di  bo-go-ti',  a  city,  the  capital  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  and  of  the  department  of  Cundi- 
namarca,  and  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  is  situated  on 
the  San  Francisco  River,  on  an  elevated  plain,  8863  feet 
above  the  sea,  at  the  foot  of  two  lofty  mountains,  with  a 
delightful  climate,  resembling  a  perpetual  autumn;  the 
temperature  rarely  exceeding  59°  Fahr.  Lat.  4°  35'  48" 
N. ;  Ion.  74°  13'  45"  W.  The  streets  aje  narrow,  but  reg- 
ular, crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  principal 
street,  Calle  Real,  is  very  handsome,  terminating  at  one  end 
in  a  square,  formed  by  the  palace  of  the  president,  the 
cathedral,  the  custom-house,  <feo.  Bogota  being  subject  to 
earthquakes,  the  houses  are  low  and  strongly  built  of  sun- 
dried  brick.  TraflBc  is  carried  on  in  the  streets  by  mules, 
no  vehicles  of  any  kind  being  employed.  The  religious 
structures  of  the  city  are  disproportionately  numerous. 
Bogota  contains  a  university,  a  large  but  unfinished  (1887) 
federal  oapitol,  a  school  of  chemistry  and  mineralogy,  a 
public  library,  an  observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
theatre.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  cloth,  leather,  and 
the  precious  metals,  and  an  active  trade.  The  environs  of 
Bogota  are  highly  interesting.  The  Rio  Francisco,  which 
traverses  the  city,  joins  the  Rio  Bogota  in  the  centre  of  the 
plain,  and  the  conjoint  waters  descend  in  a  S.W.  direction 
through  a  ravine  nearly  20  miles  long.  At  the  cataract  of 
Tequendama  the  cleft  between  the  rocks  is  only  36  feet  wide, 
and  the  waters  descend  in  an  unbroken  mass  650  feet. 
About  20  miles  from  the  falls  is  the  natural  bridge  of  Ico- 
nonzo  or  Pandi,  formed  by  two  rocks  that  unite  the  opposite 
sides  of  a  deep  mountain-cleft,  300  feet  above  a  small  tor- 
rent. The  Campo  contains  also  coal-fields,  and,  towards  the 
N.  border,  the  rich  salt-mines  of  Zipaquir^.  Here  also  is 
Lake  Guatavita,  into  which  it  is  supposed  the  ancient  in- 
habitants threw  their  treasures  when  conquered  by  the 
Spaniards.  Bogota  was  founded  by  Quesada  in  1538,  and 
made  an  archbishopric  in  1561.  It  was  formerly  capital  of 
the  Spanish  viceroyalty  of  New  Granada.     Pop.  100,000. 

Bogo'ta,  u.  post- village  of  Jasper  co..  111.,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bogota,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  f  of  a  mile  S.E.  of  Hackensack. 

BogVah',  BogVa',  or  Bog^ourali',  written  also 
Bag^ura',  a  district  of  Bengal,  in  the  valley  of  the  Brah- 
mapootra and  partly  within  its  delta  system.  Area,  1491 
square  miles.     Capital,  Bograh.     Pop.  689,467. 

Bograh,  Bogourah,  or  Bagnrd,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  above  district,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Attri. 
Lat.  24°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  26'  E.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  5872. 

Bogue,  bog,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Bogue  Sound,  2  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  12  miles 
S.  of  Newport.     It  baa  2  churches,  and  fishing  industries. 

Bogue  Chit'to,  a  small  river,  rises  in  Lincoln  co.. 
Miss.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  Pearl  River  in 
St.  Tammany  parish.  La.     It  is  also  called  Chitto  Bayou. 

Bogue  Chitto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  65  miles  S. 
by  W.  from  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Bogue  Ho'mo  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  southward 
through  Jones  co.,  and  enters  the  Leaf  River  in  Perry  co. 

Bogue,  The,  in  China.    See  Boca  Tigris. 

Bo'gus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  about  120 
miles  from  Reading. 

Boguslaw,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Booooslav. 

Bogwangola,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhagwangola. 

Bohain,  bo^iN"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aisne,  12  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  St.  Quentin.     Pop.  6501. 

Bohan'non,  a  station  in  JefiFerson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Paducah  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Bohemia,  bo-hee'me-a  (Ger.  Bbhmen,  bo'm^n;  Fr. 
Boheme,  bo-aim'),  a  political  and  administrative  province 
and  nominal  kingdom  of  Austria-Hungary,  Cisleithanian 
division,  between  lat.  48°  33'  and  51°  3'  N.  and  Ion.  12° 
and  16°  46'  E.;  bounded  N.  by  Saxony  and  Prussian  Silesia, 
E.  by  Prussia  and  Moravia,  S.  by  Lower  Austria,  and  W. 
by  Bavaria.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  210  miles;  breadth, 


from  N.  to  S.,  171  miles.  Area,  20,060  square  miles.  Tha 
territory  forms  an  extensive  upland  valley,  with  an  inclina- 
tion to  the  N.W.  It  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  moun- 
tains, and  belongs  almost  exclusively  to  the  basin  of  the 
Elbe,  by  which  stream  the  country  is  drained  through  a 
single  defile  on  the  Saxon  frontier. 

Four  chains  of  lofty  mountains  constitute  the  natural 
boundaries  of  the  Bohemian  basin.  N.  and  N.E.  it  is  sepa- 
rated from  Silesia  by  the  Riesengebirge,  one  of  the  principal 
branches  of  the  Sudetic  chain,  of  which  the  highest  peaks 
are  the  Riesenkoppe  or  Schneekoppe  (snow-top),  5394  feet: 
the  double-capped  Brunnberg  or  Bornberg,  5007  feet;  and 
the  Sturmhaube,  4756  feet.  N.  and  N.W.  it  is  separated 
from  Saxony  by  the  Erzgebirge,  which  are  parted  N.E.  from 
the  Riesengebirge  by  the  defile  through  which  the  Elbe 
leaves  Bohemia.  W.  and  S.W.  it  is  separated  from  Bavaria 
and  the  archduchy  of  Austria  by  the  Bohmerwald,  which  at 
its  N.W.  extremity  is  separated  from  the  Erzgebirge  by  the 
depression  through  which  the  Eger  flows.  This  chain, 
uniting  at  its  S.W.  extremity  with  the  Bohmerwald  and 
at  its  N.E.  with  the  Riesengebirge,  completes  the  circle  of 
mountains  by  which  Bohemia  is  enclosed.  The  Moravian 
chain  is  of  gentle  acclivity,  of  the  average  height  of  3281 
feet,  and  separates  the  basin  of  the  Elbe  and  Moldau  from 
that  of  the  Danube.  Several  offsets  from  these  chains,  of 
inferior  height,  intersect  the  kingdom. 

One  of  the  chief  sources  of  the  country's  wealth  has  been 
its  valuable  minerals,  found  chiefly  in  the  Erzgebirge  and 
the  spurs  of  the  Fichtelgebirge.  Of  gold  and  silver  it  now 
yieMs  little.  But  it  produces  coal,  lignite,  cinnabar,  tin, 
bismuth,  copper,  zinc,  nickel,  lead,  manganese,  litharge, 
sulphur,  alum,  iron,  arsenic,  chrome,  sulphate  of  iron  and 
copper,  and  plumbago ;  some  of  these  in  considerable  quan- 
tity. Precious  stones,  glass-sand,  granite,  freestone,  grind- 
stones, millstones,  porcelain  earth,  and  potters'  clay  are 
obtained  in  various  parts. 

Bohemia  has  no  large  lakes,  but  it  is  said  to  possess  20,000 
ponds  and  160  mineral  springs.  Of  these  last  maybe  speci- 
fied the  saline  chalybeate  springs  of  Franzensbrunnen,  and 
of  Marienbad  and  Giesshiibel ;  the  warm  alkaline  aperient 
springs  of  Carlsbad  and  Toplitz  (166°  and  99°  Fahrenheit, 
respectively) ;  the  bitter  cathartic  waters  of  Sedlitz,  Said- 
schitz,  and  Piillna;  and  the  sulphurous  springs  of  Toplitz. 

Three-fifths  of  the  people  are  Czechs,  a  Slavic  race,  with 
a  language  of  their  own,  a  well-developed  literature,  and 
strong  national  feelings.  Both  the  Czechs  and  the  Germans 
here  are  very  generally  Roman  Catholics. 

The  climate  is  in  general  healthy,  and  warmer  in  the  low 
districts,  the  central  parts,  and  towards  the  N.  than  in  the 
S.  In  the  Bohmerwald  the  snow  is  often  found  12  feet  deep, 
and  lies  till  the  middle  of  April ;  in  some  of  the  other  ranges 
it  remains  throughout  the  whole  year. 

Except  in  the  lofty  mountain-ranges,  the  soil  of  Bo- 
hemia is  generally  fertile,  more  especially  in  the  N.  and 
N.E.  The  principal  crops  raised  are  rye  and  oats,  about 
equal  in  quantity ;  barley  and  wheat,  about  half  the  two 
former.  Potatoes  and  turnips  are  grown  extensively,  and 
considerable  quantities  of  legumes,  poppies,  rape  and  clover 
seeds,  flax,  and  hemp.  Of  the  hops,  which  are  good,  a  large 
portion  is  sent  to  Bavaria.  Fruit  is  abundant  on  the  lower 
grounds;  and  in  the  warmer  localities  the  vine  ripens.  The 
breed  of  sheep  is  now  greatly  improved,  and  the  wool  ex- 
cellent. Large  quantities  of  a  superior  breed  of  carp  are 
exported  from  Bohemia  to  North  Germany. 

In  manufacturing  industry  this  country  has  long  been  one 
of  the  most  important  provinces  of  the  empire.  The  chief 
seat  of  this  industry  is  in  the  north  and  among  the  German 
population  of  the  mountains;  it  consists  principally  of 
thread,  linens,  cotton,  iron,  woollens,  glass,  paper,  beet- 
sugar,  spirits,  porcelain, woodenware,  metallic  goods,  leather, 
&o.  Glass  has  been  a  staple  article  of  Bohemian  manufac- 
ture since  the  thirteenth  century,  and  the  art  of  glass-grind- 
ing can  scarcely  be  equalled  by  any  other  country.  About 
one-third  of  the  entire  population  of  the  kingdom,  it  is  esti- 
mated, are  employed  in  the  various  manufactures. 

The  Elbe  and  the  Moldau  are  navigated  by  steam-packets, 
and  the  country  is  everywhere  traversed  by  railways. 

The  Emperor  of  Austria  bears  the  title  of  King  of  Bo- 
hemia, and  is  crowned  at  Prague.  The  Roman  Catholic  is 
the  religion  of  the  state,  and  the  other  sects  are  only  toler- 
ated. Bohemia  possesses  numerous  establishments  for  pub- 
lic instruction.  The  University  of  Prague  is  one  of  the 
most  ancient  and  celebrated  in  Europe.  There  are  many 
learned  societies  in  Bohemia,  with  which  are  connected 
public  libraries,  botanic  gardens,  and  scientific  collections ; 
nearly  all  of  them  are  German  and  not  Czech  institutions. 

Bohemia  derives  its  name  from  the  Boii,  a  Celtic  people^ 


BOH 


672 


BOI 


who  iettled  in  the  country  about  600  years  B.C.,  and  who 
were  expelled  in  the  time  of  Augustus  by  the  Marcomanni. 
About  the  middle  of  the  sixth  century  a  numerous  army  of 
Czechs  entered  the  country  and  subdued  it.  The  first  duke 
known  to  us  by  name  is  Przemislas,  a  peasant  whom  the 
Princess  Libussa  married  in  a.d.  632  and  raised  to  the 
throne.  In  1061  the  Emperor  Henry  IV.  gave  the  royal 
title  to  the  Dukes  of  Bohemia.  After  many  vicissitudee, 
Bohemia  fell  to  the  House  of  Austria,  in  the  person  of  Fer- 
dinand the  Archduke,  brother  of  Charles  V.,  and  brother- 
in-law  of  Louis  II.,  King  of  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  who 
was  killed  in  1526  in  a  battle  with  the  Turks,  near  Mohacs, 
At  this  period  Bohemia  possessed  a  comparatively  free  con- 
stitution, and  most  of  its  inhabitants  were  Protestants.  In 
consequence  of  the  encroachments  of  the  succeeding  em- 
perors on  the  religious  liberties  of  the  Protestants,  serious 
disturbances  arose.  But  the  battle  of  the  White  Mountain, 
fought  in  November,  1620,  put  an  end  to  the  hopes  of  the 
Protestants,  who  were  subjected  by  their  conquerors,  the 
Austrians,  to  a  persecution  scarcely  paralleled  in  history. 
The  Protestant  religion,  held  by  three-fourths  of  the  people, 
became  wellnigh  extinct;  the  free  constitution  was  totally 
subverted.  More  than  30,000  families,  including  many  of 
the  nobility,  all  the  Protestant  ministers  and  teachers,  nu- 
merous mechanics,  Ac,  were  forcibly  driven  into  exile  or 
had  their  estates  and  property  confiscated.  On  the  death 
of  Charles  VI.  (1740),  Charles  Albert,  Elector  of  Bavaria, 
claimed  the  crown,  but  Maria  Theresa  succeeded,  after  an 
arduous  struggle,  in  securing  possession  of  the  kingdom. 
The  Czechs  in  1868-70  engaged  in  insurrectionary  move- 
ments, but  they  were  readily  suppressed,  and  in  1883 
they  secured  a  majority  in  the  Landtag  as  well  as  in  the 
Czechian  University  in  Prague.     Pop.  in  1880,  5,560,819; 

18S8,  5,780,938. Adj.  and  inhab.     Bohe'mian  (Qer.  adj. 

BoHMisCH,  bo'mish;  inhab.  Bohme,  bo'm^h). 

Bohemia,  bo-hee'me-a,  a  hamlet  of  Islip  township, 
Sufi"olk  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.  of  Lakcbind  Stntion  (Long 
Island  Railroad).  It  is  inhabited  principally  by  (Germans 
or  Bohemians,  and  has  manufactures  of  cigars. 

Bohemia  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  2^  miles 
from  Middletown,  Del.,  and  3  miles  from  Warwick,  Md.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill.  . 

Bohmen,  Bohmisch.    See  Bohemia. 

Bohmerwald,  bo'mer-^alt^  {i.e.,  "  Bohemian  Forest"), 
a  chain  of  mountains  in  Europe,  between  Bohemia  and  Ba- 
varia, extending  S.W.  to  N.E.,  and  separating  the  basins  of 
the  Elbe  and  the  Danube.  Length,  about  120  miles ;  mean 
breadth,  25  miles.  The  principal  summits  are  the  Aber, 
4848  feet,  and  the  Rachelberg,  4743  feet  in  elevation.  It 
is  the  Sylva  Gabreta,  forming  part  of  the  Hercynian  forest, 
of  the  Romans.  It  is  very  wild  and  broken  and  steep  to- 
wards Bavaria,  with  a  much  gentler  slope  towards  Bohemia. 

Bohmisch  Brod.    See  Brod. 

Bohmisch  Leipa.    See  Leipa. 

Bohmisch  Tribau,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  TrUbao. 

Bo^hol',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  between  Zebu 
and  Leyte,  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  10°  N. ; 
Ion.  124°  E.  Length, 40  miles;  average  breadth,  30  miles. 
Pop.  about  120,000. 

Bo^hon',  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  from 
Harrodsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Bohorodczany,  bo-ho-rot-chifi',  a  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stanislawow.     Pop.  3438. 

Bohns,  boo'hoos,  a  district  of  Sweden,  now  a  part  of  the 
laen  of  Gothenburg  and  Bohus. 

Boi-Abad,  boy-3,-bS,d',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Kara  Soo,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sinope.  It  has  numerous 
mosques,  several  inns,  and  a  hill  fort. 

Boiceville,  boyss'vn,a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Olive  township,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  17 
miles  W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  carriage-factory. 

Boiestown,  boys'town,  a  post-village  in  Northumber- 
land CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.W.  branch  of  the  Mira- 
michi  River,  38  miles  N.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  250, 

Boil'ing  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  in  South  Middleton  township,  on  the  Harrisburg  & 
Potomac  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  It  has 
6  churches,  2  hotels,  iron-mines  and  manufactures  of  pig- 
iron  and  blooms,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.    Pop,  700. 

Boiling  Spring,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S,C. 
Pop.  354.     It  contains  Barr's  Station. 

Boiling  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 
^,  Boil'ston,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 
^  Boiotia,  the  Greek  for  Bceotia. 
.    Boipeba-Velha,  bo-e-pi'bi-vSl'yl,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
province  and  65  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  island  of  the 
game  name. 


Bois  Blanc  (boy  bl&nk;  Fr.  pron.  bw&  bldM»)  Island, 
an  island  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lake  Huron,  10  miles 
S.E,  of  Mackinaw.  It  is  about  10  miles  long  and  3  miles 
broad,  and  has  a  light-house  on  its  E.  end. 

Bois  Blanc  Island,  a  long  narrow  island  in  the 
Detroit  River,  opposite  Amherstburgh,  Ontario.  On  its  S. 
point  is  a  light-house. 

Bois  Blanc  Lake,  on  the  border  of  Lake  co.,  Minn., 
is  traversed  by  the  Canada  line, 

Bois  Brul6,  boy  bru-la'  (Fr.  pron.  bwi  briiMi'),  a 
post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Mo.,  8  miles  S.  of  Chester,  111. 
Pop,  of  Bois  Brul6  township,  1337.     It  has  a  church. 

Bois  Brul6  River,  or  simply  Brul^  River,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  and 
Oconto  CO.,  Wis.  It  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction,  and  unites 
with  the  Michigamme  River  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Menominee  co.,  Mich, 

Bois'dale,  or  Beaver  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Cape 
Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Little  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  26  miles 
from  Sydney.     Pop.  500, 

Bois  d'Arc,  boMark',  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo., 
111.     Pop.  1177. 

Bois  d'Arc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo,,  about  12 
miles  N,W.  of  Springfield. 

Bois  d'Arc  Creek,  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  flows  eastward 
into  Trinity  River. 

Bois  d'Arc  River,  of  Texas,  also  called  East  Fork 
of  the  Trinity,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and,  flowing 
southward,  enters  Trinity  River  in  Kaufman  co. 

Bois-de-Lessines,  bwi-d^h-l£s^seen',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  Hainaut,  28  miles  N.E,  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1639. 

Bois^,  or  Bois^e,  local  pron,  boi'ze,  Fr,  pron,  bw&- 
zA',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Idaho,  is  drained  by  the 
Payette,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  mostly  moun- 
tainous. A  portion  of  the  highlands  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine.  The  chief  resources  of  this  county  are  mines  of 
gold.  Limestone  abounds  here.  Capital,  Idaho  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3834,  of  whom  1183  were  natives;  in  1880, 
3214;  in  1890,  3342. 

Bois^,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  co.,  Wash.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Palmer, 

Bois6  City,  the  capital  of  Idaho  and  of  Ada  co.,  is 
on  the  Bois^  River,  in  a  rich  mining  district  at  a  terminus 
of  a  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  System.  It  is 
about  300  miles  S.W.  of  Helena,  Montana.  Lat,  43°  36' 
N, ;  Ion.  1 1 6°  20'  W.  The  city  contains  8  churches,  a  prison, 
a  United  States  assay  office,  2  national  banks,  graded  pub- 
lic and  2  private  schools,  and  printing-offices  from  which 
are  issued  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  This  is  said 
to  be  the  only  city  in  the  world  supplied  with  pure  hot 
water  from  a  flowing  hot  well.     Pop.  about  4500. 

Bois6  (or  Bois6e)  River,  of  Idaho,  is  sometimes 
called  Big  Wood  River.  It  rises  by  several  branches  in 
Alturas  co.  The  main  stream  runs  westward  through  Ada 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  on  the  W.  border 
of  Idaho.  Gold  is  found  near  its  branches  and  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  Bois^  basin. 

Bois'fort,  or  Boist'fort,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co., 
Washington,  14  miles  from  Newaukum  Station, 

Bois-Guillaume,  bwi-ghee^yome'  {i.e.,  "William's 
woods"),  a  village  of  France,  Seine-Inferigure,  2  miles  N.  of 
Rouen,     Pop,  4046, 

Bois-le-Duc,  bwi-l§h-dlik'  (Dutch, ' S Hertogenhoach, 
"the  duke's  wood"),  a  fortified  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
capital  of  North  Brabant,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dommel 
and  the  Aa,  28  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Utrecht.  It  is  about 
5  miles  in  circumference,  well  built,  and  intersected  by  sev- 
eral canals.  Its  buildings  comprise  one  of  the  finest  churches 
in  the  Netherlands,  a  town  hall,  a  grammar-school,  a  col- 
lege, an  academy  of  arts,  an  arsenal,  several  hospitals,  and  a 
prison.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  thread,  needles,  cut- 
lery, and  mirrors,  with  breweries  and  distilleries,  and  a  con- 
siderable trade.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  archbishop.  It 
was  founded  in  1184  by  a  duke  of  Brabant,  in  a  wood, 
whence  its  name.     Pop.  in  1892,  28,340. 

Boisleux,  bwi^lnh',  a  village  of  France,  on  a  railway, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Arras.     Pop.  688. 

Boissezon,  bwS,^seh-z6Ni»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2702. 

Boissy,  bw&'see',  or  Boissy  Saint  Leger,  bwi^see' 
siijo  14-zhi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et- 
Oise,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.  Near  it  are  the  superb  cha.teau 
of  Gros-Bois  and  many  handsome  country-houses.  Pop, 
937.     Other  villages  of  France  have  the  name  Boissy. 

Boitza,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Ochsendorf. 

Boitzenburg,  or  Boizenburg,  boit'sen-bo6RG\  s 
town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  right 


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bank  of  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  railway,  34  miles  S.W.  of 
bchwerin.  It  has  a  wool-market,  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, ship-building  docks,  <fec.     Pop.  3581. 

Boitzenburg,  or  Boizenburg«  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  52  miles  N.  of  Uerlin.     Pop.  955. 

Bojana,  bo-yi'ni  (anc.  Barba'na),tL  river  of  European 
Turkey,  flows  from  the  Lake  of  Scutari,  and  enters  the  Adri- 
atic 8  miles  S.  of  Scutari.     Length,  65  miles. 

BojauO)  bo-y4'no  (anc.  Bovia'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
a  bishop's  goe,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  5606. 

•BojanowO)  bo-yi-no'vo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2017. 

Boka,  bo'k6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
on  the  Temes,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2100. 

Boke's  Creek,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1344.     It  contains  West  Ridgway. 

Boke's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  0.,  is  at 
Summerville,  a  hamlet  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus. 

Boke's  (or  Boque's)  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of 
Logan  and  Union  cos.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the 
Scioto  River  6  or  7  miles  N.W.  of  Delaware. 

Bokhara,  Bochara,  bo-Ka.'ri,  Boukara,  Bu- 
chara,  boo^Ki'Ri,  or  Bucharia,  boo-Ki're-i,  sometimes 
called  Oozbekistan,  or  Uzbekistan,  ooz'bSk^isHin', 
"  land  of  the  Oozbeks"  (the  anc.  Sogdia'na,  and  Trans- 
oxia'na,  including  also  a  part  of  anc.  Bactria),  called  also 
Great  Bucha'ria,  a  country  of  Central  Asia,  in  Toor- 
kistan.  In  a  wide  sense  the  term  Bokhara  includes  a  portion 
of  Northern  Afghanistan ;  and  indeed  some  authors  appear 
to  make  it  synonymous  with  the  name  Toorkistan ;  but  the 
khanate  of  Bokhara  at  present  is  a  relatively  small  state, 
under  Russian  control,  separated  from  Afghan  Toorkistan 
by  the  Amoo-Darya.  Area,  100,000  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
habited mainly  by  peoples  of  Turkish  stock  and  of  many 
tribes,  the  Oozbeks  predominating.  The  Zerafshan  is  the 
principal  river.  Cotton,  tobacco,  indigo,  wool,  silk,  grain, 
fruits,  and  vegetables  are  raised  extensively ;  and  fine 
horses,  shawl-goats,  asses,  and  camels  are  largely  bred. 
The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  is  believed  to  be  great. 
Trade  is  chiefly  with  Russia,  and  is  carried  on  by  caravans. 

Capital,  Bokhara.     Pop.  about  1,250,000. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  BoKHARiAN,  bo-ki're-an,  and  Bckharian,  bu-ki're- 
an  ;  also  Bokharese,  bo^ki-reez'. 

Bokhara  ("  the  treasury  of  sciences"),  a  city  of  Central 
Asia,  capital  of  the  above,  near  the  Zerafshan  River,  130 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Samarcand.  Lat.  39°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  64° 
26'  E.  It  is  in  a  flat  country,  among  hills,  is  8  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  entered  by  12 
gates,  and  intersected  by  canals.  The  streets  are  very  nar- 
row, and  the  houses  mostly  small  and  flat-roofed.  In  the 
centre  is  the  citadel,  containing  the  palace  and  the  residences 
of  the  state  officers.  Bokhara  is  said  to  have  365  mosques, 
•everal  of  great  architectural  beauty,  and  80  colleges,  this 
city  having  been  long  famous  as  a  seat  of  Mohammedan 
learning.     Pop.  100,000. 

Bokol,  bo^kol',  a  large  village  of  Senegambia,  near  the 
Senegal  River,  in  lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  15°  24'  W. 

Bdkstein,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Beckstein. 

Bolabola,  bo'li-bo'lS,,  or  Borabora,  bo'ri-bo'rS,, 
■written  also  Bonabona,  bo'ni-bo'nS.,  one  of  the  Society 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  situated  N.W.  of  Tahiti,  and 
nearly  30  miles  in  circumference,  well  wooded  and  populous. 
It  is  a  high  peak,  once  volcanic,  and  now  fenced  from  the 
Bea  by  a  ring  of  coral  islets. 

Borland's,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss. 

Bola&OS,  bo-lin'yoce,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Jalisco,  65 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Guadalajara,  remarkable  on  account  of 
the  silver-mines  in  its  neighborhood. 

Bolan  (boMin')  Pass,  a  defile  in  the  mountains  of 
Beloochistan,  consisting  of  a  succession  of  ravines,  about  55 
miles  in  aggregate  length  (from  near  Dadur  to  Shawl),  on 
the  route  from  the  Lower  Indus  to  the  table-land  of  Afghan- 
istan. Lat.  29°  30'  to  29°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  between  67°  and 
67°  40'  E.  The  greatest  elevation  is  5793  feet.  The  Bolan 
River  rises  in  this  pass  at  4494  feet  above  the  sea. 

Bo'lar,  a  post-village  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  30  miles  from 
Millborough  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  mineral 
spring,  a  hotel,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bolawadun,  or  Bolavadin.     See  Biii.avadeen. 

Bolbe,  the  ancient  name  of  Beshek,  a  lake  of  Turkey. 
Bolbec,  borbfiK',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Seine- Inf^rieure,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Havre,  and 
on  the  Bolbec,  which  furnishes  abundant  water-power,  21 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Havre.  It  is  well  built,  and  ornamented 
with  fountains,  and  is  the  seat  of  large  and  thriving  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  fabrics,  also  woollen- and  linen-faotories, 
dye-works,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  (1891)  11,878. 


Bolbitine,  or  Bolbitinnm.    See  Rosetta. 

Bolckow,  bdl'ko,  a  post-village  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  the  Creston  Branch 
of  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad, 
26  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bold  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville  Conrt-IIouse. 

Bold  Brook,  a  village  in  Russia  township,  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  with  several  saw-mills  and  box-factories. 

Bold  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  €hi.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Carnesville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Bold  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Waverly,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Bold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  17 
miles  N.  of  Waco. 

Bolechow,  bo-l&'kov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  14 
miles  S.  of  Stry,  on  a  branch  of  the  Dniester.     Pop.  2300. 

Bolerium  Promontorium.    See  Land's  Ekd. 

Boles,  bolz,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark, 

Boles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  at  Augnsta 
Station  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  Boles  township,  5183,  in- 
cluding the  village  of  Pacific,     See  Augusta. 

Bolgary,  bol-g^'ree,  a  village  of  Russia,  60  milee  S.  of 
Kazan,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  900. 

Bol^grad',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  25  miles 
N.  of  Ismail,  on  Lake  Yalpookh.     Pop.  9000. 

Boli,  or  Boly,  bo'lee  (anc.  Hadrianop'olis),  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  76  miles  N.W.  of  Angora.  It  is  a  poor  place, 
with  a  dozen  mosques  and  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  8000. 

Boligee,  bo-le-jee',  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala., 
19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Akron,  and  52  miles  N.E.  of 
Meridian.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Bol-Ilmen,  bol-il-m5n',  or  Manitch,  ni4-neetch', 
called  also  Bolchai  Ilmen  and  Great  Limau,  a  lake 
in  Russia,  formed  by  the  Manitch,  between  the  governments 
of  Don  Cossacks  and  Stavropol.  It  is  a  long,  narrow,  ir- 
regular expanse  of  brackish  water,  stretching  nearly  50 
miles  from  S.E.  to  N.W. 

Bolinas,  bo-lee'nas,  or  Ballenas,  bi-yd.'n8,s,  a  post- 
village  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  Bolinas  I5ay,  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Produce 
is  shipped  here.  Bolinas  Bay  is  a  safe  anchorage  in  sum- 
mer, the  lagoon  being  readily  accessible  to  small  craft,  ex- 
cept in  heavy  weather. 

Bolingbroke,  bo'ling-brook,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Lincoln,  3i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Spilsby.  It  has  remains 
of  the  castle  in  which  Henry  IV.  was  bom.     Pop.  987. 

Bolingbroke,  bo'ling-brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Macon.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bo'lington,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Berlin  Railroad  Station,  Md. 

Bolivar,  bo-lee' vaK,  a  department  of  the  Republic  of 
Colombia,  bordering  on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  has  an  esti- 
mated area  of  21,345  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of  324,400. 
Capital,  Cartagena.    Chief  commercial  centre,  Barranquilla. 

Bolivar,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  has  N.  the  states  of 
Bermudez,  Miranda,  and  Zamora,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  Orinoco  River.  Area,  88,700  square  miles.  Capital, 
Ciudad  Bolivar.     (See  Angostura.)     Pop.  in  1891,  66,289. 

Bolivar,  bSl-^-var'  or  bSl'f-var,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 

;art  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  876  square  miles, 
t  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  the  Sunflower  River.  The  surface  is 
slightly  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product,  and  Indian 
corn  is  cultivated.  Its  eastern  section  is  traversed  from  N. 
to  S.  by  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  which  also  crosses  its  S.W.  corner.  Capital,  Rose- 
dale.    Pop.  in  1870,  9732;  in  1880, 18,652 ;  in  1890, 29,980. 

Bolivar,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Nash- 
vilie  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Stevenson. 

Bolivar,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  776. 

Bolivar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about  60 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  15  miles  from  Chicot,  Ark.,  and  about 
125  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Bolivar,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  oc  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Springfield,  and  about  85  miles  S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banks,  a  college  (Baptist),  public  and  private 
schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  wagons, 
carriages,  and  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  1485. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.T.,  in  Bolt- 


BOL 


674 


BOL 


var  township,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Friendship.     It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  2500.     Near  here  are  many  oil-wells. 

Bolivar,  a  post-town  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  13  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Massillon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  common 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1S90,  675. 

Bolivar^  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Conemaugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
59  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  town  hall,  4  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  kilns  for  fire-bricks.    Pop.  410. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  is  on  the  Hatchie  River,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Jack- 
son, and  about  68  miles  E.  from  Memphis.  It  is  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  river.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
St.  James  Female  College,  Western  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  manufactures  of  staves  and  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  on  Clear 
Creek,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Denton.     It  has  3  churches. 
•   Bolivar,  a  village  of  Jefi^erson  co.,  W.  Va.,  near  the 
Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1 
mile  from  Harper's  Ferry  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bolivar  City  (Ciudad  Bolivar).     See  Angostura. 

Bolivar  Point,  in  Chambers  co.,  Tex.,  at  the  N.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Galveston  Bay,  is  the  W.  extremity  of  a 
long  and  low  peninsula.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Bolivia,  bo-liv'e-a  (Sp.  pron.  bo-lee've-i ;  Fr.  Bolivia, 
bo^leVee'),  oflBcially,  Repnblica  Boliviana,ri-poob'le- 
k&  bo-lee-vee-4'ni,  a  South  American  republic,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Brazil,  on  the  B.  by  Brazil  and  Paraguay,  on 
the  S.  by  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  on  the  W.  by  Peru 
and  Chili.  It  is  mostly  included  between  lat.  10°  and  22° 
S.  and  between  Ion.  58°  and  70°  W.,  and  is  about  1000  miles 
long  and  750  miles  wide.  Area  estimated  oflScially  at 
784,554  square  miles.  Pop.  2,333,350.  Nominal  capital. 
La  Paz ;  present  residence  of  the  government,  Sucre. 

Phyaieal  Features. — Prior  to  the  late  war  with  Chili 
(1879-80)  Bolivia  contained  the  highest  and  most  monn- 
tainous  country  of  the  two  Americas,  comprising  two 
parallel  chains  of  the  Andes,  the  main  chain,  and  a  more 
eastern  chain  called  the  Cordillera  Real.  As  a  result  of  that 
war,  however,  Bolivia  ceded  to  Chili  all  of  her  coast  terri- 
tory, including  these  mountain-chains,  though  the  exact 
area  of  the  territory  ceded  is  not  ascertained.  Among  the 
remarkable  features  of  Bolivia  is  a  portion  of  the  great 
table-land,  which  contains  Lake  Titicaca,  has  an  elevation 
of  12,900  feet,  and  is  enclosed  between  the  Cordillera  Real 
and  the  main  chain  of  the  Andes.  This  lake  is  about  120 
miles  long  and  700  feet  deep ;  and  its  valley  includes  Lake 
Aullagas,  which  receives  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Titioaca, 
through  the  river  Desaguadero,  but  has  itself  no  outlet. 

In  the  N.E.  part  of  Bolivia  is  an  extensive  plain  or  low- 
land covered  with  tropical  forests,  in  which  are  found  many 
species  of  valuable  timber  trees.  This  plain  is  well  watered 
by  the  affluents  of  the  Madeira,  which  rise  in  the  Andes. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  navigable  Paraguay,  which 
flows  southward  along  the  eastern  frontier ;  the  Pilcomayo, 
which  flows  southeastward  and  enters  the  Paraguay;  the 
Mamorl,  the  Rio  Beni  or  Paro,  the  Guapore,  and  the  Mo- 
chupa.     The  last  four  belong  to  the  basin  of  the  Amazon. 

Climate  and  Productions. — Bolivia  lies  in  the  torrid  zone, 
but  has  a  great  variety  of  climate,  depending  on  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  land.  The  mountains  are  covered  with  per- 
petual snow,  and  in  the  highest  table-lands  there  is  frost 
every  night  of  the  year,  but  the  air  is  dry  and  pure.  At 
Potosi,  which  has  an  elevation  of  about  13,400  feet,  the 
nights  are  always  piercingly  cold,  but  the  rays  of  the  sun 
are  hot  and  powerful  between  2  and  5  p.m.  Between  the 
altitude  of  9500  and  11,000  feet  the  climate  is  temperate 
and  wheat  and  maize  are  cultivated.  Perpetual  summer 
reigns  in  the  lowest  region,  called  Yunga,  comprising  all 
below  5000  feet,  which  produces  all  tropical  fruits  and  vege- 
tation. The  northern  plains  have  a  hot  and  humid  climate, 
and  are  covered  with  dense  forests.  Among  the  indigenous 
plants  are  the  palm,  the  cinchona,  the  Theobroma  Cacao, 
the  bamboo  or  Bambuaa,  the  mat6  or  Paraguay  tea,  and  the 
Erythroxylon  or  coca.  Bolivia  also  produces  balsam,  ba- 
nanas, caoutchouc  or  rubber,  vanilla,  copal,  cofi"ee,  cotton, 
sugar,  potatoes,  maize,  tobacco,  the  chirimoya,  farina,  and 
sarsaparilla.  The  Bolivians  chew  large  quantities  of  the 
coca-leaf,  which  is  a  powerful  stimulant. 

Otology  and  Minerals. — Granite,  porphyry,  and  trachyte 
abound  in  the  Bolivian  Andes.  Silurian  strata  are  largely 
developed  in  diff'erent  parts.  This  republic  is  noted  for  the 
variety  and  richness  of  its  mineral  resources,  having  nu- 
merous mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  tin,  lead,  mercury,  and 
iron.     Coal  is  found  in  the  departments  of  Beni  and  Chu- 


quisaca.  The  silver-mines  of  Potosi  have  long  been  cel- 
ebrated, and  are  among  the  richest  in  the  world.  Thesa 
mines  are  near  the  summit  of  a  mountain  which  is  15,977 
feet  high.  Silver  was  first  discovered  here  in  1545;  but  at 
present  the  most  productive  silver-mines  are  those  of  Cara- 
coles, which  are  near  the  sea  and  are  accessible  by  railway. 
Gold  is  found  in  the  Andes,  and  in  several  departments. 
The  development  of  the  mineral  resources  of  Bolivia  ha« 
been  hindered  by  the  distance  of  the  mines  from  navigable 
water,  and  the  expense  of  transporting  the  ore  or  metal  to 
the  coast,  but  since  the  approach  of  railways  and  the  dis- 
covery of  coal  a  great  revival  in  mining  enterprise  has 
been  noticeable.  Among  the  indigenous  animals  are  the 
jaguar,  tapir,  peccary,  armadillo,  sloth,  guanaco,  llama, 
alpaca,  chinchilla,  monkey,  and  vicuna.  The  alpaca  and 
llama  are  domesticated,  and  exist  in  large  numbers  in  the 
high  table-lands  and  mountains.  Multitudes  of  wild  cattle 
roam  over  the  grassy  plains  called  campos. 

Commerce,  &c. — The  republic  of  Bolivia  is  not  favorably 
situated  for  commerce,  possessing  since  the  war  with  Chili 
no  seaboard  whatever,  while  its  great  rivers  are  for  the 
most  part  rendered  unnavigable  by  numerous  rapids.  An 
uninterrupted  route  was  some  years  since  reported  to  have 
been  discovered  by  the  Acquiry  Purus  and  Amazon,  but 
its  value  is  doubtful.  There  are  few  if  any  good  roads 
in  this  country.  Bolivia  has  in  operation,  however,  3  short 
railways,  and  one  of  the  main  outlets  of  Western  Bolivia  la 
the  Peruvian  railroad  from  Lake  Titicaca  to  the  seaport  of 
Mollendo.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  silver,  gold, 
alpaca  wool,  guano,  cofi"ee,  cinchona  bark,  cacao,  nutria  and 
chinchilla  fur,  leather,  hides,  copal,  vanilla,  and  nitrate  of 
soda.  The  value  of  the  products  exported  in  one  year  la 
about  $6,000,000. 

Races,  Government,  dkc. — The  population  is  mostly  com- 
posed of  aborigines  or  Indians,  and  mixed  races,  called 
mestizoes,  zamhoes,  and  mulattoes,  who  have  some  Spanish 
blood  mixed  with  Indian  or  negro.  Some  of  the  Indians 
are  civilized,  especially  the  Aymara  and  Quiohua  tribes, 
who  are  remnants  of  the  great  Inca  nation  and  inhabit  the 
highlands  of  Western  Bolivia.  They  are  gentle,  indolent, 
reserved,  timid,  and  apathetic.  The  eastern  plains  are  in- 
habited by  tribes  of  wild  Indians  who  have  no  sympathy  or 
aflSnity  with  the  Aymaras  and  Quichuas.  The  predominant 
religion  of  Bolivia  is  Roman  Catholic,  and  the  prevailing 
language  is  Spanish.  The  republic  is  divided  into  8  de- 
partments, namely,  Beni,  Cbuquisaca,  Cochabamba,  La 
Paz,  Oruro,  Potosi,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Tarija.  The  public 
debt  in  1890  amounted  to  $5,072,121,  of  which,  $4,460,000 
was  internal  and  $622,121  foreign. 

This  republic  was  founded  in  1825,  and  named  in  Honor 
of  Simon  Bolivar,  the  Liberator.  The  territory  included  io 
the  new  state  was  previously  called  Upper  Peru.  The  con- 
stitution, which  was  approved  by  Bolivar,  secured  religious 
toleration,  civil  liberty,  and  equal  rights.  The  executive 
government  consists  of  a  president,  a  vice-president,  and 
three  secretaries  of  state.  The  legislative  functions  are 
exercised  by  three  chambers, — the  senate,  the  chamber  of 
tribunes,  and  the  chamber  of  censors.  The  censors  are 
appointed  for  life.  Bolivia  has  been  disturbed  by  frequent 
revolutions  and  civil-wars. 

Bolkenhain,  bol'ken-hine\  atown-of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  2634. 

Bolkhov,  bol-Kov',  or  BoVkhoflP,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  30  miles  N.  of  Orel,  on  the  Noogra.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  leather,  gloves,  hats, 
and  hosiery,  with  a  trade  in  hemp,  linseed  oil,  tallow,  an.1 
hides.     Pop.  (1883)  26,395. 

Boll,  boll,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Gbppingen,  with  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  1450. 

Bollate,  bol-li'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  4997. 

Boll^ne,  or  Bollenne,  boriain',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  "Vaucluse,  22  miles  N.  of  Avignon.  It  has 
silk-spinning  and  manufactures  of  castor-oil.     Pop.  5693. 

Bol'ling,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Montgomery  Railroad,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jtfont- 
gomery.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Bollingen,  bol'ling-en,  or  Bolligen,  bol'lio-^n,  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bern. 
It  has  mineral  baths,  and  an  insane  asylum.     Pop.  3828. 

Boll'inger,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  616  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
Castor  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  kaolin  and  iron  ore  are  found  in  this  county,  which 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  k  Iron  Mountain  Railroad. 


BOL 


675 


BOL 


The  Brownwood  A  Northwestern  Railway  also  extends  from 
Brownwood,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Cape  Girardeau  A  Fort  Smith 
Railway,  to  Zalma,  in  this  county.  Capital,  Marble  Hill. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8162;  in  1880,  11,130;  in  1890,  13,121. 

Bollinger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rolette  co.,  N.D.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Rugby. 

Boll'inger's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Bollinger  oo.,  Mo., 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Lutesville. 

Bollullosdel  Condado,bol-yool'yooedilkon-d&'Do, 
a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop,  3529. 

Bollweiler,  b6r<^i-l?r  (French,  Bollwiller,  bftUVee^- 
yaift'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Miil- 
hausen.     Pop.  1227. 

Bolm,  bilm,  or  Bullom,  bul'lpm,  a  district  of  British 
West  Africa,  S.S.E.  from  the  peninsula  of  Sierra  Leone, 
extending  N.  from  the  Sherboro  River  to  Yawry  Bay,  and 
iuterseoted  nearly  in  the  centre  by  the  8th  parallel  of  N.  lat. 

Bol'men,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chris- 
tianstad,  20  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad.  In  it  is  the  island 
of  Bolmso.     Pop.  1090. 

Bologna,  bo-ldn'yi  (Fr.  Bologne,  bpHon' ;  Sp.  Bolonia, 
bo-lo'ne-4;  ano.  Felai'na,  Bono'nia),  a  city  of  Italy,  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  and  of  Emilia,  finely  situ- 
ated in  a  plain,  at  the  crossing  of  two  important  railways, 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Modena,  and  27  miles  S.W.  of  Ferrara. 
Lat.  44°  29'  54"  N.;  Ion.  11°  21'  E.  Elevation,  205  feet 
above  the  sea:  It  forms  an  oval,  enclosed  by  a  brick  wall, 
about  2  miles  in  length  by  li  miles  in  breadth,  entered  by 
12  gates,  and  intersected  by  the  Reno  Canal.  The  city  is 
interesting  for  its  rich  colonnades,  aflfording  a  shelter  from 
the  sun  and  rain,  its  well-paved  streets,  noble  institutions, 
and  intelligent  population.  Its  university,  one  of  the  most 
ancient  in  Europe  (founded  1L19),  had  at  one  time  10,000 
students.  It  has  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  with  rich  gal- 
leries of  painting  and  sculpture,  a  grand  school  of  music, 
a  library  with  200,000  volumes,  cabinets  of  natural  history, 
an  observatory,  a  botanic  garden  (one  of  the  richest  in 
Europe),  and  a  museum  of  antiquity.  The  principal  churches 
are  San  Stefano,  one  of  the  oldest  in  Italy ;  the  cathedral, 
a  fine  edifice  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries, 
with  paintings  by  the  Caracci ;  San  Petronio,  with  magnifi- 
cent works ;  San  Domenico,  San  Bartolommeo,  Ac,  many 
of  which  date  from  the  early  centuries  of  the  Christian  era. 
The  other  principal  edifices  are  the  palazzo  publico,  the 
podest^  palace,  numerous  fine  private  palaces,  the  famous 
tower  of  Asinelli,  272  feet  high,  built  in  1110,  and  the 
leaning  to^er  of  Garisenda.  Bologna  has  numerous  hos- 
pitals, theatres,  and  schools,  manufactures  of  crape,  chemical 
products,  wax  candles,  musical  instruments,  paper,  silks, 
velvets,  cards,  and  sausages,  and  a  considerable  trade.  The 
oity  abounds  in  works  of  art  of  the  highest  interest.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see.  Bologna  takes  a  prominent  place  in 
the  ancient  and  mediaeval  history  of  Italy.  It  was  origi- 
nally an  Etruscan  town.     Pop.  in  1890,  143,607. 

Bologna,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  en- 
closed by  Ferrara,  Ravenna,  Modena,  and  Florence.  Capital, 
Bologna.     Area,  1392  square  miles.     Pop.  439,232. 

Bolonchen,  bo-lon-chdn',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state 
of  Yucatan,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Campeachy.  It  derives  its 
name  from  two  Maya  words,  holen,  "  nine,"  and  chen, 
"  wells," — nine  wells  having  formed  from  time  immemorial 
the  centre  of  a  population,  and  these  wells  being  in  the 
plaza  of  the  village.  At  a  short  distance  from  the  village 
18  a  very  remarkable  cave.     Pop.  7000. 

Bolongo  Islands,  India.    See  Broken  Islands. 

Bolor-Tagh,  boMon'-t&g',  sometimes  written  Belur- 
Tagh  or  Beloor-Tagh,  a  great  mountain-chain  of  Cen- 
tral Asia,  which  separates  the  Chinese  Empire  on  the  E. 
from  Khoondooz  and  Eafiristan  on  the  W.  It  extends  be- 
tween lat.  35°  and  45°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  and  75°  E.,  forming 
a  part  of  the  table-land  of  Pameer,  connected  with  the 
Hindoo-Koosh  on  the  S.  and  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains  in 
the  centre.  Its  culminating  points,  between  lat.  35°  and 
40°,  are  supposed  to  exceed  19,000  feet  in  elevation.     The 

term  is  vaguely  used. 

^K .    Bolo'ta,  a  hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  oo.,  Cal.,  6  miles 
^Hfirom  Peters  Railroad  Station. 

^^     Bolotana,  bo-lo-ti'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 28  miles  E.  of  Bosa.     Pop.  2905. 

Bol'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Tres  Pinos.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bolsas,  bol's&s,  a  river  of  Mexico,  after  a  long  west- 
erly course,  in  a  part  of  which  it  separates  the  states  of 
Mexico  and  Michoacan,  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  225  miles 
S.W.of  Mexico. 

Bolsena,  bol-s&'n&  (anc.  Volsin'ii  or  Volttn'ium),  a 
town  of  Italy,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Viterbo,  on  the  northern 


shore  of  the  Lake  of  Bolsena.  It  was  one  of  the  12  Etrus- 
can cities,  and  there  are  extant  interesting  remains  of  th« 
Roman  period.  Pop.  2690.  The  Lake  of  Bolsena  (Lacu* 
Vol$inien»ia)  is  10  miles  long  and  8  miles  broad,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  the  Marta  River  S.W.  into  the 
Mediterranean.  In  it  are  the  islan48  of  Bisentina  and 
Martana. 

Bolsheretsk,  bol-shir-itsk',  BoIcherietz,bol-8hAr> 
yitz',  or  Bolscherezk,  bol-shSr-izk',  a  seaport  town  of 
Kamchatka,  120  miles  W.  of  Petropaulovski.     Pop.  487. 

Bolshoy'a,  or  Bolschaja-Reka,  bol-sh&'y&-ri'k&, 
one  of  the  largest  rivers  of  Kamchatka,  flowing  into  the 
Okhotsk  Sea. 

Bolst>n  de  Mapimi,  bol-son'  di  m&-pee'mee,  a  wild 
and  rocky  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Durango.  Area,  nearly  60,000  square  miles.  It  is  peopled 
only  by  Indian  tribes. 

Bol'sover  (often  pronounced  bSw'z^r),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Derby,  6  miles  E.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  im- 
portant stone-quarries,  an  ancient  church,  with  a  fine  sepul- 
chral chapel  of  the  Cavendish  family,  and  a  castle,  still 
habitable.     Pop.  1819. 

Bolsover,  Victoria  co.,  Ontario.     See  Balsover. 

Bol'ster's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  9  miles  W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Bolsward,  bols-^aRt',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Leeuwarden.  It  has  a  Latin 
school,  manufactures  of  woollens,  and  a  large  trade  in  butter. 
Pop.  4747. 

Boltana,  bol-t&n'y^,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Ara.     Pop.  1005. 

Bolton,  or  Bolton  le  Moors,  bol'tpn  le  moors,  a 
large  manufacturing  town  and  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Manchester,  and  175  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  is 
well  supplied  with  water,  and  of  late  years  has  grown 
rapidly  in  wealth  and  population.  Principal  edifices,  an 
ancient  parish  church,  several  handsome  chapels  of  ease, 
numerous  dissenting  places  of  worship,  a  grammar-school 
founded  in  1641,  a  charity  school  endowed  in  1693,  2  town 
halls,  2  cloth-halls,  a  neat  exchange,  a  theatre,  assem- 
bly- and  concert- rooms,  Ac.  It  has  several  good  libraries, 
a  mechanics'  institute,  daily  and  Sunday  schools,  and  sev- 
eral large  charity  endowments.  The  woollen  manufactures 
of  Bolton,  introduced  by  Flemings  in  1337,  were  in  a 
flourishing  state  before  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  but  the 
town  has  since  become  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the 
English  cotton  manufacture.  Bolton  has  also  large  paper-, 
flax-,  and  saw-mills,  chemical  works,  and  foundries.  The 
numerous  coal-pits  wrought  in  the  vicinity,  with  canal  car- 
riage to  Manchester,  have  greatly  promoted  the  prosperity 
of  the  town.  Bolton  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  105,414  ;  in  1891,  115,002. 

Bolton,  bol'tQn,  a  post-township  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn., 
traversed  by  the  Providence,  Hartford  A  Fishkill  Railroad. 
Bolton  Station  on  that  road  is  17  miles  £.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  paper-mill,  granite-quarries,  and  2  churches.    P.  576. 

Bolton,  Cobb  CO.,  Ga.     See  Boltonville. 

Bolton,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  868. 

Bolton,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  North 
em  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Baltimore. 

Bolton,  a  post-township  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Nashua  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Rail- 
road, 43  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high 
school  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  827. 

Bolton,  or  Bolton  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Hinds 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Vicksburg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  27  miles 
E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
steam  gin,  and  a  wagon-factory.  About  8000  bales  of  cot- 
ton are  annually  shipped  here.  Its  post-office  is  Bolton 
Depot,  but  the  name  of  the  village  is  Bolton. 

Bolton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  20  mile§ 
N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bolton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bolton 
township,  and  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  George,  about  15 
miles  W.  of  Whitehall.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1123. 

Bolton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co..  N.C.,  20  mile^ 
E.  of  Whiteville. 

Bolton,  a  post-township  of  Chittenden  oo.,  Vt.,  is  in 
tersected  by  the  Winooski  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Cen 
tral  Vermont  Railroad.     Bolton  Post-Office  and  Station  is 
on  that  road,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier.    It  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  butter-tubs.     Pop.  711. 

Bolton,  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario.     See  Albioit. 

Bolton  Centre,  or  Kimbolton,  a  post-Tillage  in 
Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  14  miles  from 
Waterloo.    Pop.  200. 


BOL 


676 


BON 


Boltou  Comers,  Ontario.     See  Cotswold. 

Bolton   Depot,    Mississippi.      See  Bolton. 

Boltonville,  bort9n-vil,  a  station  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Chattahoochie  River,  and  on  the  Western  and  At- 
lantic Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Boltouville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  New- 
bury township,  34i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Montpelier,  on  the 
Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Boltonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Barton  Station,  and  about  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bolt's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Scijpio  township,  |  of  a  mile  from  Scipio  Railroad  Station. 

Bolt's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky. 

Bolundshuhur,  India.     See  Boolundshahtjr. 

Bolva,  b6rvS.,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  government  of  Kalooga,  and,  after  a  S.  course,  joins 
the  Desna  near  Briansk. 

Bolzano,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Botzen. 

Bo'man's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 

Bomarsnnd,  bo'mar-soond^,  improperly  written  Bo- 
mersund,  formerly  an  important  fortress  of  Russia,  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  island  of  Aland,  near  the  little  village 
of  Bomar.  Bomarsund  was  destroyed  by  the  allied  fleets 
of  England  and  France,  August  16,  1854. 

Bomba,  bom'bi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila, 
18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2200. 

Bombal'lo,  the  chief  town  of  Wellesley  co.,  New 
South  Wales.     Lat.  36°  60'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  65'  E. 

Bombay,  b5m^ba'  (Port.  Bom  Bahia,  b6N»  bi-ee'4,  or 
Boa  Bahia,  bo'i  bi-ee'fl,,  i.e.,  "  good  harbor,"  but  this  ety- 
mology is  questioned  by  many),  a  city,  seaport,  and  capital 
of  the  presidency  of  the  same  name,  on  the  island  of  Bom- 
bay (now  artificially  converted  into  a  peninsula,  all  of  which 
is  included  in  the  municipal  limits).  Lat.  18°  56'  N. ;  Ion. 
72°  63'  E.  Its  northern  parts  are  sparsely  built.  Since 
the  opening  of  its  extensive  railway  communications,  and 
the  development  of  cotton-culture  in  India,  Bombay  has 
wonderfully  increased  in  wealth  and  importance..  At  present 
it  far  surpasses  Madras,  and  presses  closely  upon  Calcutta, 
in  these  respects.  It  is  well  built,  with  spacious  streets,  fine 
public  and  mercantile  buildings,  and  all  the  sanitary  im- 
provements of  a  European  capital.  There  are  large  cotton- 
mills,  tanneries,  dye-works,  and  shops  for  metal-work,  as 
well  as  native  distilleries.  The  chief  exports  are  cotton, 
grain,  and  opium.  Bombay  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican 
bishop  and  of  a  university.  It  is  connected  by  railways 
with  most  of  the  large  cities  of  India,  and  by  telegraph  cable 
and  by  steamer  lines  via  Suez  with  Great  Britain.  Many  of 
its  leading  merchants  are  Parsees.  In  point  of  health  and 
comfort  few  places  in  India  excel  Bombay.  In  the  new  town 
are  Elphinstone  College,  Sir  J.  Jejeebhoy's  hospital,  the  By- 
culla  church  and  club,  the  house  of  correction,  the  theatre, 
and  the  great  Hindoo  temple  of  Motnha  Devi.  On  the  S.AV. 
the  fort  is  connected  by  Colabba  causeway  with  the  island  of 
Colabba,  on  which  are  the  light-house,  observatory,  lunatic 
asylum,  some  mercantile  buildings,  and  a  stone  pier.  The 
harbor  of  Bombay  is  unequalled  for  safety  in  all  India.  It 
affords  good  anchorage  for  ships  of  the  largest  burden ;  on 
it  are  also  excellent  building-  and  other  docks  for  ships  of 
the  first  class.     Pop.  in  1881,  773,196 ;  in  1891,  804,470. 

Bombay  Island,  on  which  the  city  is  situated,  is  one  of 
a  duster  of  islands,  and  the  largest  of  all,  except  Salsette, 
with  which  it  has  long  been  connected  by  a  mound  and 
arched  stone  bridge,*  and  since  the  construction  of  the  rail- 
way embankments  it  has  become  a  peninsula.  Area,  22 
square  miles.  It  is  11  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  3  miles 
broad,  formed  by  two  ranges  of  rock  of  unequal  length,  run- 
ning parallel  to  each  other  on  opposite  sides  of  the  island. 
The  interior  was  formerly  liable  to  be  overflowed  by  the  sea, 
which  is  now  prevented  by  substantial  works  and  embank- 
ments, but  the  lower  parts  are  still  covered  with  water 
during  the  rainy  monsoon.  On  the  S.W.  the  island  ter- 
minates in  a  rocky  peninsula  60  feet  high,  called  Malabar 
Point,  stretching  far  into  the  sea.  It  is  adorned  with  a 
pleasing  variety  of  country-seats,  interspersed  with  groves 
of  cocoanut-trees,  and  traversed  in  all  directions  by  good 
roads.  Magnificent  views  are  obtained  from  this  point. 
The  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island  again  terminates  in  a  simi- 
lar but  much  longer  projection.  Here,  also,  are  a  number 
of  spacious  houses,  most  of  which  are  surrounded  by  small 
gardens  and  overshadowed  by  mangoes,  palms,  and  tama- 
rinds. This  island  is,  next  to  Madras,  the  oldest  of  the 
British  possessions  in  the  East.  It  was  occupied  by  Portu- 
gal in  1522,  and  was  given  to  Charles  II.  of  Great  Britain 
in  1 661  as  part  of  the  dowry  of  his  queen. 


Bombay,  a  governorship  or  presidency  of  British  India, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Arabian  Sea,  and  enclosed  elsewhere  By 
Beloochistan,  the  Punjab,  Rajpootana,  Indore,  the  Central 
Provinces,  Berar,  the  Nizam's  country,  Madras,  and  Mysore. 
Area,  including  Sinde,  190,512  square  miles,  of  which  67,370 
belong  to  native  states.  The  country  is  marked  by  several 
mountain -ranges,  the  most  important  being  the  Western 
Ghauts,  extending  along  the  coast.  The  well-marked  dis- 
tricts called  the  Carnatic,  the  Deccan,  the  Concan,  Guzerat, 
and  Sinde  are  among  the  natural  divisions  of  the  country. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Indus,  the  Nerbudda,  and  the 
Taptee.  The  Runn  of  Cutch,  a  singular  arm  of  the  sea, 
periodically  converted  into  a  marshy  desert  tract,  is  a  most 
remarkable  natural  feature.  Rice,  several  sorts  of  millet, 
wheat,  oil-seeds,  cotton,  and  other  fibres,  teak,  and  salt  are 
among  the  staple  products.  The  governorship  is  divided 
into  24  administrative  districts.  There  are  some  2000  miles 
of  railway  and  about  6000  miles  of  telegraph-wire  in  opera- 
tion. Manufacturing  is  quite  largely  carried  on  by  the 
natives,  and  has  of  late  been  undertaken  on  an  important 
scale,  European  machinery  and  capital  being  employed. 
Capital,  Bombay.     Pop.  in  1891,  18,826,820. 

Bom^bay',  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bombay  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malone.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a  village  named 
Hogansburg,  and  has  4  churches,  and  includes  a  part  of 
the  St.  Regis  Indian  reservatian.     Pop.  1397. 

Bombay  Hook  Island,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  has  Delaware 
Bay  on  the  E.,  and  is  divided  from  the  mainland  by  Duck 
Creek.  At  its  N.  end  stands  a  light-house,  lat.  39°  21'  46" 
N.,  Ion.  75°  30'  19"  W.  Bombay  Hook  Station,  on  Dela- 
ware Bay,  is  connected  by  rail  with  Clayton,  and  is  a  sea- 
bathing resort  and  steamboat-landing. 

Bombazine  (b()m^ba-zeen')(orBom^a8een')  Lake, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  is  nearly  12  miles  W.  of  Rutland.  It  is 
about  8  miles  long  and  1^  miles  wide. 

Bombetok,  a  bay  of  Madagascar.     See  Bembatooka. 

Bomersund,  Russia.    See  Bomatisund. 

Bom-Fim,  biN»-feeN<"  {i.e.,  "good  end"),  a  village  of 
Brazil,  province  and  96  miles  S.E.  of  Goyaz.     Pop.  800. 

Bom-Fim,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  and  65  miles  W. 
of  Rio  Janeiro.  Pop.  3000.  Bom-Fim  is  the  name  of 
other  villages  in  the  states  of  Minas-Geraes  (pop.  2000), 
Maranhao,  and  Bahin. 

Bom-Jardim,  b6N"-zhaR-deeN»'  {i.e.,  "good-garden"), 
a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  210  miles  S.  of  Cear&.  Pop. 
6000,  half  of  whom  are  Indians. 

Bom-Jardim,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia. 
Pop.  1200. 

Boin>Jesus,  b6N»-zhi'soo8,  the  name  of  numerous 
places  in  Brazil,  all  unimportant.  Among  them  are  a  vil- 
lage in  the  state  of  Pernambuoo,  three  villages  in  the  state 
of  Bahia,  and  an  island  on  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Bommel,bom'm§l  {Dvitcih,  Zalt  Bommel,  zftltbom'm^l), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Gelderland,  on  the 
Waal,  25  miles  E.  of  Dort. 

Bommel,  or  Den  Bommel,  dSn  bom'm?l,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  island  of  Overflakkee,  7  miles  W.  of 
Willemstad.     Pop.  1466. 

Bommel-Fiord,  bom'm§l-fe-ORd',  a  strait  between 
the  islands  of  Storen  and  Bommel-Oe  (bom'mel-o'^h),  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  59°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  20'  E. 

Bommelwaard,  bom'mel-'^iKtN  *n  island  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Gelderland,  between  the  Waal 
and  the  Maas,  on  which  is  the  fortress  of  Loevenstein. 

Bomst,  bomst.  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  50 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  2272. 

Bom- Success©,  b6N<'-soos-sd'so,  or  Ibitnruna,  ee« 
be-too-roo'n4,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes, 
250  miles  N.E.  of  Villa  Rica.     See  also  Porto  Calvo. 

Bon,  Cape.     See  Cape  Bon. 

Bona,  or  Bonah,  bo'ni  (Fr.  BSne,  bon;  Arab.  -4n- 
naba  or  Beled-el-Annb ;  anc.  Hip'po-Be'ffiua),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  Algeria,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Constantine,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Seibous. 
Lat.  36°  53'  68"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  46'  5"  E.  It  is  the  terminus 
of  two  railways.  The  town  is  French  in  character,  having 
greatly  outgrown  its  ancient  walls,  and  has  many  new 
squares,  markets,  bazaars,  shops,  caf6s,  reading-rooms,  a 
theatre,  Ac,  manufactures  of  native  clothing,  soap,  tapes- 
try, and  saddlery,  and  an  excellent  trade  in  iron  ore,  cork, 
corn,  wool,  hides,  wax,  and  coral.  S.  of  Bona  are  the  ruins 
of  Hippo-Begius,  once  the  see  of  St.  Augustine.  Bona 
has  regular  steam  communication  with  Marseilles,  Cette, 
Algiers,  and  Tunis.  It  has  a  fine  new  artificial  port.  Pop 
in  1872,  16,196;  in  1881,  21,974;  in  1891,  29,640. 

Bonabona,  Society  Islands.     See  Bolabola. 


BON 


m 


BON 


Bonacca,  bon-ak'k&,  or  Guanaja,  gwi-ni'Hi,  one 

of  the  Bay  Islands,  Caribbean  Sea,  Honduras,  30  miles  N. 
of  Cape  Honduras.  Lat.  16°  28'  N.;  Ion.  85°  55'  W.  It 
is  about  9  miles  long  and  from  1  to  3  miles  broad,  and  has 
a  port  called  Bonacca. 

Bon  Accord,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.    See  Sodth  Liberty. 

Bonai,  bo'ni',  the  southernmost  of  the  tributary  states 
of  Chuta-Nagpoor,  Bengal,  is  enclosed  by  the  native  states 
of  Gangpoor,  Bamra,  and  Keunjhar,  and  the  Singbhoom 
district.  Area,  1297  square  miles.  Pop.,  24,832.  It  is  a 
mountain  region,  and  is  heavily  timbered.  It  is  governed 
by  a  rajah  under  British  direction.  Capital,  Bonai  Gurh  (or 
Garh),  a  village  of  300  houses,  lat.  28°  49'  N.,  Ion.  85°  E. 

Bon^air',  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  oo.,  Iowa,  5  or  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cresco. 

Boiiair,  a  station  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Bonair,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Chester- 
field CO.,  Va.,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Richmond,    Pop.  400. 

Bon-Air,  an  island.  West  Indies.     See  Bden-Ayrk. 

Bo4ian'za,  a  mining  post-town  of  Saguache  co.,  Col., 
40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Gunnison.     Altitude,  9000  feet. 

Bonanza,  a  post-village  of  Klamath  co.,  Oregon, 
about  90  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Jacksonville. 

Bonanza  City,  a  mining  post-village  of  Chester  co., 
Idaho,  100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bois6  City.     Pop.  400. 

Bo'naparte,  a  post- village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Bonaparte  township,  and  on  the 
Keokuk  <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  woollen  goods,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds. 
Here  is  a  large  woollen-factory,  employing  nearly  90  bands. 
Pop.  1000  ;  of  the  township,  1349. 

Bon  Aqua,  ak'wa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville,  has  a  church. 
It  is  near  the  Bon  Aqua  mineral  springs.  Bon  Aqua  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
39  miles  W.  of  Nashville. 

Bonati,  ho-ni'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Policastro.     Pop.  3038. 

Bonaventura,  South  America.     See  BtTENAVEXTURA. 

Bonaventure,  bon^iVSnHur',  a  river  of  Quebec,  emp- 
ties into  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  near  New  Carlisle.  Length, 
75  miles.  It  can  be  ascended  to  its  source  in  canoes.  It  is 
a  lino  salmon  stream.     Its  banks  are  covered  with  pines. 

Bonaventure,  a  county  of  Quebec,  Canada,  separated 
by  the  river  Restigouche  and  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  from  New 
Brunswick.  Chief  town.  New  Carlisle.  Area,  3290  square 
miles.     Pop.  15,923. 

Bonaventure,  Quebec.    See  New  Richmond. 

Bonaventure  Island,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  and  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  opposite  Perc6.  It  is 
2i  miles  long  by  |  of  a  mile  wide,  and  is  well  settled.  It 
forms  a  natural  breakwater  between  Perc6  and  the  gulf. 

Bonaventure  River,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure 
00.,  Quebec,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  New 
Carlisle.     Pop.  150. 

Bon'aville,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoPherson  co.,  Kansas, 
23  miles  from  Salina.     It  has  a  church. 

Bonavista,  an  island  of  Africa.     See  Boavista. 

Bonavis'ta,  the  chief  town  of  the  district  of  Bonavista, 
Newfoundland,  on  the  east  coast,  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St. 
John's.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  oldest  settle- 
ments in  Newfoundland.     Pop.  2600. 

Bonavista  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
lat.  48°  42'  N.,  Ion.  53°  8'  W.  There  are  many  small 
islands  and  rocks  in  the  bay,  rendering  the  navigation  both 
dangerous  and  intricate. 

Bon'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Bond,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Shoal 
Creek.  The  Kaskaskia  River  touches  its  S.E.  extremity. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  numerous  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,152:  in  1880,  14,  866:  in 
1890,  14,550.  '      >         > 

Bond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  in  Clinton 
township,  5  miles  from  Clinton  Railroad  Station. 

Bond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Bondeno,  bon-di'no  (anc.  Padi'num),  a.  town  of  Italy, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ferrara.  Pop.,  with  surroundings, 
13.454. 


Bond  Head,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  S 
miles  from  Bradford.  It  contains  a  telegraph-offioe,  a 
foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Bond  Head  Harbor,  Ontario.    See  Newcastle. 

Bond  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Hamilton  co.. 
0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Bon'din,  post-township,  Murray  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  55. 

Bondoo,  or  Bondou,  bonMoo',  a  country  in  Sene- 
gambia,  bounded  N.  by  Galam,  W.  by  Foota-Damga,  E. 
by  the  Faleme,  which  separates  it  from  Bambook,  and  S. 
by  Tcnda-Maie;  extent  about  97  miles  N.  to  S.,  and  89 
miles  E.  to  W.  It  is  mostly  flat,  and  is  watered  by  nu- 
merous small  streams.  It  is  well  cultivated,  prodacing 
cotton,  millet,  maize,  indigo,  pistachio-nuts,  tobacco,  Ac. 
Vegetation  is  exuberant,  and  there  are  extensive  forests. 
Iron  abounds,  but  is  not  worked,  and  also  some  gold  is  ob- 
tained. The  people  have  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep.  Wild 
beasts  are  numerous.  The  natives  are  spirited,  brave,  and 
(for  Africans)  industrious ;  weaving  is  carried  on  to  some 
extent,  chiefly  of  long  and  narrow  slips  of  cotton,  which, 
besides  being  made  up  into  garments,  serve  as  currency. 
The  Bondoo  people  are  chiefly  Foolahs,  but  include  several 
tribes ;  many  of  them  can  read  and  write  Arabic,  and 
nearly  all  are  Mohammedans.     Pop.  about  1,500,000. 

Bond^s,  a  station  in  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Padu- 
cah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Bond's,  a  seaside  resort  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Eagle- 
wood  township,  on  Long  Beach  Island,  2  miles  by  steamer 
from  Long  Beach. 

Bond's  mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Twiggs  co.,  6a.,  3 
miles  from  No.  18  (Reid's)  on  the  Macon  <fc  Brunswick 
Railroad.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bond's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  on  Salt 
River,  19  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Bond's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wexford 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Cadillac.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill. 

Bond's  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  35 
miles  from  Tipton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  lead-mines. 

Bond's  Vil'lage,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Palmer  township,  on  the  Swift  River,  and  on  the 
Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Bondu'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Seymour  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bondues,  b6N>»*dii',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  5  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3300. 

Bon  Du^rant',  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
several  stores  and  other  business  houses.    Pop.  about  200. 

Bond'ville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cnampaign  co., 
111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Champaign.     It  has  a  church. 

Bondville,  Mass.    See  Bond's  Village. 

Bondville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Winhall  township,  11  miles  E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of  chair-stocks. 

Bondy,  biN»-dee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Seine,  7  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Paris,  near  the  forest  of 
Bondy,  with  numerous  country  residences.     Pop.  1623. 

B6ne,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Bona. 

Bone  Cave,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Tenn.,  SJ 
miles  from  Spencer. 

Bonefro,  bo-ni'fro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campo- 
basso,  &i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  4453. 

Bone  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co.,  HI.,  7  milefl 
N.  of  Albion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bonei,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bonai. 

Boneseconr  Bay.    See  BoNSEconns  Bay. 

Bon'field,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co.,  HI.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Kankakee.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  SCO. 

Bon'fils  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Bonfouca,  bon^foo'ki,  a  scattering  village  of  St.  Tam- 
many parish,  La.,  2i  miles  W.  of  Slidell.     Pop.  200. 

Bong,  or  Pong,  a  province  of  Burmah.     See  Pong. 

Bon^gard',  a  post-office  of  Carver  co.,  Minn. 

Bongard's  Corners,  a  post- village  in  Prince  Edward 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Quinte  Bay,  9  miles  from  Picton.   Pop.  200. 

Bongay,  Bangey,  bon-gi',  or  Bangavi,  bin-g&'vee, 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cel- 
ebes; lat.  (S.  point)  2°  10'  S.,  Ion.  123°  53'  E.  It  gives 
name  to  a  group  of  about  100  islets. 


BON 


678 


BON 


BongO)  Philippine  Islands.    See  Bunwool. 
Bongoo8,bon^goos',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  "W.  coast,  on  a 
bay  of  the  same  name,  a  few  miles  S.  of  Padang. 

Bonham,  bon'am,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fannin  co., 
Tex.,  is  on  the  Bois  d'Arc  Creek,  in  a  fertile  prairie,  27 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sherman.  It  lies  about  11  miles  S.  o( 
Red  River,  and  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  9 
churches,  3  banks,  2  colleges,  2  fiour-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  harness,  wagons,  &o.  One  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  928 ;  in  1880, 
1880;  in  1890,  3400, 

Bon'hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles  N.  of 
Dumbarton.  Smollett  was  born  at  Bonhill  Mansion-House 
in  1721.     Pop.  2510. 

Bonhommey  bon-hom',  a  county  near  the  S.S.E.  part 
of  South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River.  The  surface  is 
mostly  prairie;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  hay  are  the  chief  products.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital, 
Tyndall.  Pop.  in  1870,  608;  in  1880,  5468;  in  1890,  9057. 
Bonhomme)  a  post-village  of  Bonhomme  co,,  S.D., 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  22  miles  W.  of 
Yankton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  ofBce. 

Bonhomme,  a  post-township  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo., 
includes  the  villages  of  Ballwin  and  Manchester.    Pop.  6162. 
Bonhomme,  Col  du.    See  Col  du  Bonhomme.    * 
Boni,   bo'nee,  or  Bony  (called   by  the   inhabitants 
Sewa),  a  territory  in  the  S.W.  peninsula  of  the  island  of 
Celebes,  on  the  west  side  of  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  N. 
of  Boolekomba,  about  80  miles  in  length,  and  stretching 
from  a  half  to  two-thirds  across  the  peninsula.     The  N. 
part  is  beautiful  and  fertile,  producing  rice,  sago,  and  cassia. 
The  inhabitants  excel  in  the  working  of  gold,  iron,  and  cotton, 
in  which  they  trade  with  the  whole  archipelago.   The  ancient 
institutions  of  Boni  are  remarkable  for  their  near  approach 
to  constitutional  monarchy,  but  the  country  is  now  a  Dutch 
colony.     Its  people  are  of  the  Bugis  race,  and  are  Moham- 
medans, with  a  written  language.     Chief  town,  Boni.    Lat. 
1°  37'  S.;  Ion.  126°  32'  E.     Pop.  200,000. 
Bonie,a  state  of  India.     See  Bovai. 
Bonifacio,  bo-ne-fi'cho,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Corsica,  on  a  small  peninsula  in  the  strait  of  same  name,  85 
miles  by  road  S.S.E.  of  Ajaccio.     It  has  a  secure  harbor,  an 
arsenal,  a  light-house,  and  a  considerable  trade.    Pop.  3496. 
Bonifati,  bo-ne-fi'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3329. 

Bon'ifay,  a  post-town  of  Holmes  co.,  Fla.,  28  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  De  Funiak  Springs.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  200. 
Bonillo,  bo-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Albacete.     Pop.  4220. 

Bonin,  bo-neen',  or  Arzobispo  (an  -  so  -  bees '  po) 
Islands,  a  group  in  the  Magellan  Archipelago,  North 
Pacific,  between  lat.  26°  30'  and  27°  44'  N.  and  Ion.  140° 
and  143°  E.,  consist  of  three  groups,  the  most  northerly 
called  Parry  Islands,  and  the  most  southerly,  Baily  Islands. 
The  principal  of  the  central  group  are  Peel  and  Kater 
Islands,  at  the  former  of  which  some  English  and  other 
Europeans  are  settled,  as  well  as  some  natives  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands.  The  Japanese  have  a  claim  upon  these  islands, 
and  have  made  some  attempts  at  colonization.  Area,  32 
square  miles. 

Bonito,  bo-nee't6,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3607. 

Bonmahon,  a  village  of  Ireland.     See  Bunmahon. 
Bonn,  bonn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  N.  of 
Freyburg,  on  the  Saane,  with  mineral  springs. 

Bonn,  bonn  (L.  Bon'na),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cologne,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  the  river  and  by  railway.  Bonn 
is  the  seat  of  a  celebrated  university,  founded  in  1818,  and 
occupying  an  old  castle  of  the  Electors  of  Cologne.  It 
has  a  library  of  200,000  volumes,  with  a  museum  of  Rhen- 
ish antiquities.  Connected  with  the  university  are  an  ob- 
servatory, a  rich  botanic  garden,  and  museum  of  natural 
history  with  an  extensive  collection  of  minerals,  and  a 
school  of  agriculture,  with  an  experimental  farm,  at  the 
chateau  of  Poppelsdorf.  Bonn  has  an  active  commerce, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk,  and  tobacco.  It  is  a  very 
ancient  town,  and  has  a  venerable  cathedral  and  town 
hospital;  it  has  also  many  private  educational  establish- 
ments. Its  environs  are  very  beautiful.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  Old  Catholic  bishop.  Pop.  in  1880,  31,514;  in  1890, 
39,801. 

Bonn,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Salem  town- 
Bhip,  2  miles  from  Whipple  Railroad  Station.  There  are 
churches  near  this  place. 


Bonn'afon,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia^ 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad, 
4  miles  from  its  initial  station. 

Bonnat,  bon'ni',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Creuse,  11  miles  N.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  2712. 

Bonneau's  (bon-noz')  Depot,  a  small  post-village  of 
Berkeley  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  37  miles 
N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Bonneauville,  bon'no-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adami 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Bonne  (bon)  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
is  a  deep  indentation  running  southeastward  into  the  land, 
about  lat.  49°  30'  N.,  Ion.  58°  W.  At  the  distance  of  about 
6  miles  from  the  entrance  it  splits  into  two  parts,  the  East 
Arm  and  the  South  Arm.  It  is  much  frequented  by  United 
States  and  Nova  Scotia  fishermen  on  account  of  its  herring. 

Bonnechere  (bon'shair')  Point,  Castleford,  or 
Ferrall's  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Ottawa,  at  the  mouth  of  Bonnechere  River, 
and  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sand  Point.     Pop.  100. 

Bonne  Femme  (b5n'faim')  Creek,  of  Missouri, 
flows  through  Howard  co.,  and,  passing  the  county  seat, 
falls  into  the  .Missouri  about  6  miles  below  Booneviiie. 

Bon'ner  Springs,  a  post-town  of  Wyandotte  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  River,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kan- 
sas City.  It  has  several  church  organizations,  a  public 
school,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bonn^table,  bon^nS,-t4b'l',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Sarthe,  on  the  Dives,  and  on  a  railway,  15  milei 
N.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  4855. 

Bonnet  Carr6,  bon'net  kir'ree  or  bon^ni'  karVi',  a 
post-village  of  St.  John  Baptist  parish,  La.,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  44  miles  above  New 
Orleans,  and  li  miles  from  the  New  Orleans,  Mobile  & 
Texas  Railroad.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Bonne  Terre,  bon  tair,  a  post-town  of  St.  Franjois 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  a  railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Farmington.  It 
has  extensive  lead-mines  and  furnaces,  6  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  3719. 

Bonneville,  bonnVeel'  (L.  Bonnop'olisf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Arve,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  2127. 

Bonneville,  bon'vil,  a  station  in  AVeber  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Ogden. 

Bon'nie  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Sum- 
mit township,  on  the  Karns  City  &  Butler  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Butler.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-milL 
Coal  and  oil  are  found  near  it. 

Bonnieux,  bon^ne-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Vaucluse,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Apt.     Pop.  2534. 

Bon'nieville,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  24  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Elizabethtown.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  and 
iron  abound.     Pop.  250. 

Bonnigheim,  bon'nio-hime^,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg, 
19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2447. 

Bon'niwell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Meeker  CO.,  Minn. 

Bon'not's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  112  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bonny,  bon^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the 
Loire,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Gien.     Pop.  2567. 

Bon'ny  Eagle,  e'g'l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Saco  River,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Bonny,  or  Boni,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Bonny  River,  near  its  mouth.  It  stands  in  a  pestilen- 
tial swamp,  and  is  inhabited  by  degraded  savages,  but  ex- 
ports much  palm  oil,  and  once  had  a  great  trade  in  slaves. 

Bon'ny  River,  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Niger  delta  be- 
tween the  Old  and  New  Calabar  Rivers,  enters  the  Bight  of 
Biafra  in  lat.  4°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  7°  10'  E.  The  country 
around  this  river  is  a  swamp,  little  above  the  level  of  the 
ocean,  and  very  unhealthy. 

Bono,  bo'no,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2836. 

Bo'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River,  in  Bono  township,  2i  miles  from  Tun- 
nelton  Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

Bonoa,  bo-no'3.,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
with  a  Dutch  trading-station,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ceram. 

Bononia,  the  ancient  name  of  Bologna. 

Bonorva,  bo-noR'vi,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  5208. 

Bon'pas^  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Olney.     Pop.  891. 

Bonpas  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Richland  co.,  nuu 


BON 


679 


BOO 


■outhward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Edwards  and 
Wabash  cos.  until  it  enters  the  Wabash  River  at  Grayville. 

Bon'sacks.  a  post-village  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Lynch- 
burg.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Bonsecours  or  Boneseconrs  (bone'se-koor') Bay, 
Alabama,  a  triangular  arm  on  the  E.  side  of  Mobile  Bay. 

Bonsvilie,  Oxford  co.,  Ontario.     See  Chesterfield. 

Bonthain,  bonHine'  or  bonH'hine',  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Celebes,  in  a  territory  of  the  same  name,  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  W.  peninsula,  with  a  Dutch  fort  and  a  good 
harbor,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Macassar.  Lat.  5°  29'  N. ;  Ion. 
119°  53'  E. 

BonUon',  a  post-hamlet  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 
from  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church. 

Bo'nus,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Boone  co.,  111., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Belvidere.     The  township  contains  Garden 
r .     Prairie.     Pop.  1164. 
■        Bony,  a  territory  of  the  island  of  Celebes.     See  Boni. 

Bonyhad,  b6n^y5d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Tolna, 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Flinfkirchen.     Pop.  5610. 

Boo,  a  group  of  islands.     See  Bo. 

Boo'by  Island,  a  rock  in  Torres  Strait,  lat.  10°  36' 
S.,  Ion.  141°  52'  50"  E.,  containing  a  depot  of  provisions 
and  water  left  by  vessels  passing,  for  the  use  of  those  who 
have  been  wrecked. 

Boodroom,  Boudroum,  bo^droom',  or  Bodrun, 
bo^droon'  (anc.  Jfalicarnas' aus),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on 
the  north  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos,  96  miles  S.  of  Smyrna. 
Lat.  37°  2'  21"  N. ;  Ion.  27°  25'  18"  E.  It  has  a  small  but 
good  harbor,  in  which  ships  of  war  are  built.  The  streets 
are  narrow  and  dirty ;  bazaars  poor ;  houses  of  stone,  and 
interspersed  with  gardens.  Principal  edifices,  a  castle,  built 
by  the  knights  of  Rhodes,  a  governor's  residence,  and  some 
mosques,  with  extensive  remains  of  antiquity. 

Boodroom,  a  ruined  city  of  Anatolia,  6  miles  S.  of 
Isbarta,  having  remains  of  7  or  8  temples,  a  theatre,  <fec. 

Boo'dy,  a  post- village  of  Macon  co..  111.,  in  Blue  Mound 
township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Decatur. 
It  has  several  churches. 

Boofareek,  Boufarik,  or  Bufarik,  boo-fl-reek',  a 
beautiful  town  of  Algeria,  22  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Algiers. 
It  has  a  celebrated  weekly  fair.     Pop.  5288. 

Boogoolma,  Bougoulma,  or  Bugulma,  boo- 
gool'mi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  130 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oofa.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  cotton 
and  woollen  fabrics,  and  two  large  annual  fairs.    Pop.  5455. 

Boogoorooslan,  Bougourouslan,  or  Bugu- 
ruslan,  boo^goo-roos'lln,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  177  miles  E.  of  Samara.     Pop.  7440. 

Booinsk,  Bouinsk,  or  Buinsk,  boo-insk'  or  bo- 
censk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Simbeersk.     Pop.  4105. 

Boojnoord,  Boudjnourd,  or  Budschnurd,  booj^- 
nooRd',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  160  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Astrabad.     Lat.  37°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  57°  15'  E.     Pop.  8000. 

Bookaria,  boo-ki're-i,  a  town  of  Sierra  Leone,  100 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Freetown.     Lat.  9°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  31'  W. 

Boo'ker's  Landing,  a  steamboat-landing  in  Queen 
Anne  co.,  Md.,  9  miles  from  Centreville. 

Boo'ker's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  from  West  Union. 

Bookhtarminsk,  Boukhtarminsk,  or  Bakh> 
tarininsk,  booK-tan-minsk',  a  fortress  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
government  and  480  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tomsk,  on  the  Irtish, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Bookhtarma  River.     Pop.  800. 

Bookit  Barisan,  or  Bukit  Barisan,  boo'kit  b&^re- 
s&n',  a  chain  of  mountains  in  Sumatra,  running  the  whole 
'      length  of  the  island. 

Boolak,  Boulac,  or  Bulak,  boo^Uk',  a  town  of 
Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  at  the  divergence  of 
its  Pelusiac  branch,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Cairo,  of  which  it  forms 
a  suburb,  and  opposite  the  island  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the 
port  of  Cairo,  at  which  ships  navigating  the  Nile  discharge 
their  cargoes.  It  has  large  cotton  spinning-,  weaving-, 
and  printing-works,  a  school  of  engineering,  a  noble  museum 
of  antiquities,  a  great  paper-mill,  and  the  national  printing, 
lithographic,  and  machine-shops.  Across  the  Nile  is  the 
town  of  Boolak-el-Dakroor,  with  a  railway  junction. 

Booldanah,  Bouldanah,  or  Buldana,  bool-d&'n&, 
a  district  of  British  India,  in  West  Berar,  with  capital  of 
the  same  name.    Area,  2807  square  miles.     Pop.  365,779. 

Boolekomba,  boo-le-kom'bi,  a  territory  of  the  S.W. 
part  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 

Boolekomba  Point  (called  also  Cape  Lassoa  or 
Borak),  the  S.E.  point  of  the  W.  peninsula  of  Celebes. 
Lai.  5°  35'  S.;  Ion.  120°  27'  E. 


Boolundshahur,  booMiind-shi'hiir,  or  Bnland- 
shahr,  booMiind-shar',  a  district  of  India,  in  Meerut 
(North-West  Provinces).  Lat,  28°  3'-28°  43'  N.;  Ion.  77" 
28'-78°  32'  E.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ganges  and  Jumna. 
Area,  1910  square  miles.  Capital,  Boolundsbahur.  Pop. 
936,593. 

Boolundsbahur,  Boolundshuhur,  or  Bnland- 
shahr,  called  also  Burrun  and  Baran,  bur-run',  a  town, 
capital  of  the  above,  in  lat,  28°  24'  N.,  Ion.  77°  66'  E.,  is  on 
the  Kalee  Nuddee,  and  on  the  road  from  Delhi  to  BareiUy. 
Pop.  14,804, 

Boom,  home,  a  town  of  Belgium,  10  miles  S.  of  Ant- 
werp, on  the  Rupel.  It  has  the  most  extensive  brick-  and 
tile-works  in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  10,064. 

Boom'er,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.    P.  667. 

Boomer,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Boona,  or  Buna,  boo'n&,  a  town  of  the  Umballah  dis* 
trict,  Punjab,  British  India.     Pop,  8351, 

Boonarbashee,  Bounarbachi,  or  Bunarba- 
schi,  boo^nar^bi'shee,  a  small  river  of  Asia  Minor,  trav- 
ersing the  plain  of  Troy.  It  is  identified  by  some  authors 
with  the  Scamander  of  Homer,  and  by  others  with  the 
Simoia  ;  but,  according  to  Schliemann,  neither  are  correct. 

Boonarbashee,Bounarbachi,orBunarbaschi, 
a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  extremity  of  the  plain  of 
Troy,  12  miles  S.S.E,  of  the  Sigaean  promontory.  It  ha« 
been  supposed  by  some  to  be  on  the  site  of  ancient  Troy, 

Boondee,  Boundi,  or  Bundi,  boon'dee\  a  state  of 
Hindostan,  tributary  to  the  British,  in  Rajpootana,  Lat.  24° 
58'-25°  55'  N,,  Ion.  75°  23'-76°  36'  E,  Area,  2291  square 
miles.    Principal  towns,  Boondee  and  Patun,    Pop,  224,000. 

Boondee,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  capital  of  the  above 
state,  88  miles  S.E.  of  Ajmeer.  It  consists  of  a  new  and 
an  old  town,  the  former  enclosed  by  a  high  stone  wall.  Old 
Boondee,  W.  of  the  foregoing,  is  large,  but  decaying, 

Boone,  boon,  a  county  in  the  N,  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  672  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  White 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Crooked  Creek,  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  fertile,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  live-stock  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rocks  comprise  sandstones,  cherty 
limestones,  shales,  &c.  Its  timl)er-trees  are  black-jack,  oak, 
hickory,  elm,  walnut,  sycamore,  and  pine.  Eureka  Springs, 
in  Carroll  co.,  is  its  nearest  railroad  point.  Capital,  Har- 
rison.   Pop,  in  1870,  70.32  ;  in  1880,  12,146  ;  in  1S90,  15,816, 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  290  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Kishwaukee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  woodlands;  the 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of 
the  surface.  This  county  is  traversed  by  branches  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroads. 
Capital,  Belvidere.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,942;  in  1880, 11,508  j 
in  1890,  12,203. 

Boone,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Eagle 
and  Sugar  Creeks,  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  beech,  sugar- maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  horses,  cattle,  wool, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  trav- 
ersed from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati  &  St. 
Louis  Railway  ("Big  Four  Route"),  and  by  the  Midland 
Railway,  which  joins  the  former  at  Lebanon,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,593;  in  1880,  25,922  j  in 
1890,  26,572. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  River,  and  also  drained  by  Beaver  and  Montgomery 
Creeks,  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by 
the  Iowa  division  of  the  Chicago  k  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Boone.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,584;  in  1880,  20,838;  in 
1890,  22,772. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  here  makes  the  "  Great 
North  Bend."  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  is  based  on  blue  or  Trenton  limestone  of  the  Silu- 
rian formation.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Lonis- 
ville,  Cincinnati  k  Lexington  Ilailroad.  Capital,  Burling- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870, 10,696 ;  in  1880, 11,996 ;  in  1890, 12,246. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  G80  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  op  the 


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S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  Cedar  Creek, 
and  is  intersected  by  Roche  Perc6e  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  tracts 
of  timber,  which  is  abundant.  The  soil  is  nighly  productive. 
The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
oattle.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  white  ash,  elm,  hick- 
ory, sugar-maple,  blue  ash,  black  walnut,  white  oak,  and 
wild  cherry.  Carboniferous  limestone  and  magnesian  lime- 
stone (Lower  Silurian)  underlie  parts  of  the  soil,  and  supply 
good  materials  for  building.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in 
this  county.  A  branch  railroad  connects  Columbia,  which 
is  the  capital,  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,765;  in  1880,  25,422;  in  1890, 
26,043. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  about  692  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Beaver,  Cedar,  and  Shell  Creeks,  aflauents  of  the  Loup 
River.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  prairie.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley  Railroad 
and  the  Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Branch  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  connect  at  Albion,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4170;  in  1890,  868;^. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  515  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
part  of  the  N.E.  by  the  Coal  River  Mountains,  while  the 
Pond  Mountains  complete  the  E.  boundary  and  extend 
some  8  or  10  miles  into  the  interior.  The  Guyandotte  range 
forms  its  S.  boundary,  and  the  Spruce  Fork  Ridge  borders  it 
on  the  W.  The  Big  and  Little  Coal  Rivers  and  their  numer- 
ous forks  drain  the  surface  of  the  county,  which  is  partly 
hilly  and  partly  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile,  and  produces 
Indian  corn  and  pasture.  Beds  of  bituminous  coal  have 
been  opened  in  this  county.  Capital,  Madison.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4653;  in  1880,  5824;  in  1890,  6885. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  111.     Pop.  1536. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1262. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Crawford  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  494.  It 
comprises  Alton. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ii\d.  Pop.  1870. 
It  contains  Laconia. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1078. 
It  includes  Independence. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1215. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4042. 
It  includes  Booneville,  the  county  seat. 

Boone,  a  city  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  the  Des  Moines  &  North- 
ern Railways,  42  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  contains  a  high  and  a  graded  school,  3  banks,  14 
churches,  2  machine-shops,  4  flouring-mills,  4  carriage- 
shops,  a  glove-factory,  3  tobacco-factories,  a  saddlery  and 
harness- factory,  a  pork-packing  house,  paving-brick-  and 
tile-works,  coal-mines,  Ac.  It  has  a  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  6520. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2262. 
It  includes  Webster  City,  the  county  seat. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  178. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.     Pop.  839. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  839. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1655. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1692. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  692. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  323. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Wright  co..  Mo.     Pop.  123. 

Boone,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Neb.,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Columbus. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Davidson  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1311. 

Boone,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C, 
85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  is  near  the  N.W.  base 
of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  144. 

Boone  Court-House,  West  Virginia.   See  Madison. 

Boone  River,  Io\ya,  runs  southward,  drains  parts  of 
Wright  and  Hamilton  cos.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.     Length  about  100  miles. 

Boonesborough,  boonz'biir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Boone  co.,  Iowa,  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Boone. 

Boone's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Big  Lick.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Boonesville,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Booneville,  boon'vi),  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Petit  Jean  River,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Booneville,  a  post- village  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  20  miles  below  Pueblo. 


Booneville,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Boone 
township,  ];■)  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  nearly  2  miles 
N.  of  the  Raccoon  River.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Booneville,  or  Boonesville,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Owsley  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Kentucky 
River,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  111. 

Booneville,  or  Boonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Prentiss  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles 
S.  of  Corinth,  and  308  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  female  institute,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Booneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo..  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches. 

Booneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  from  Kelso  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Boon  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Valparaiso. 

Boon  Hill,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1445.  Boon  Hill  Station  is  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Goldsborough. 

Boon  Island,  10  miles  E.  of  York,  Me.,  is  a  granite 
ledge,  swept  by  heavy  seas,  and  having  a  stone  light-house 
123  feet  high,  with  a  fixed  white  light.  Lat.43°  7'  16"  N.; 
Ion.  70°  28'  16"  W. 

Boon  Lake,  township,  Renville  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  313. 

Boonsborough,  boonz'bfir-ruh,  a  post- village,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ark.,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  con- 
tains Cane  Hill  College  (Cumberland  Presbyterian,  founded 
in  1868),  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Boonsborough,  Iowa.    See  Boonesborough. 

Boonsborough,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  or  Madison  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  9  miles  from  Winchester. 
Pop.  about  80.  Daniel  Boone  erected  a  fort  here  in  1775 
and  defended  it  with  success  against  the  Indians. 

Boonsborough,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick,  and  10  miles  S.  by 
E.  from  Hagerstown.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  N.W. 
base  of  the  South  Mountain  or  Blue  Ridge.  It  has  a  high 
school,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
gloves,  ploughs,  and  shoes.     Pop.  1100. 

Boonsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  6 
miles  from  Estill  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Boonsborough.  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Lynchourg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Boon's  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Paintsville. 

Boon's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  8  miles  from  Jonesborough.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Bonn's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

Boon's  Lick,  township,  Howard  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1686. 

Boon's  Path,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  40  miles 
from  Whitesburg,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Boon's  Station,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 
Pop. 1100. 

Boons'ville,  a  post- village  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  300. 

Boon'ting  Islands,  or  Pulo-Boonting,  poo'lo- 
boon'ting,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
The  most  southern  is  in  lat.  5°  45'  N.,  Ion.  100°  20'  E. 

Boon'ton,  a  post- village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Boon- 
ton  township,  on  the  Rockaway  River,  on  the  Morris  Canal, 
and  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  Paterson,  32  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-furnace,  a  large  rolling- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  flour,  cut  nails,  iron 
vices,  wrought  iron,  paint,  agricultural  implements,  office 
presses,  paper  boxes  and  tubes.    Pop.  of  the  township,  3307. 

Boon'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co..  Gal.,  30 
miles  from  Cloverdale.    It  has  a  church,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Boonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind., 
18  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  national  bank,  6  churches,  2  graded  schools,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  4  tobacco-stemmeries, 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  1896. 

Boonville,  or  Booneville,  a  city,  capital  of  Cooper 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River, 
about  225  miles  by  water  from  St.  Louis,  and  100  miles  by 
land  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Boon- 
ville Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  which  branch 
connects  with  the  main  line  at  Tipton.     The  main  line  of 


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ihe  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  crosses  the  Missouri 
River  by  a  bridge  at  this  place,  which  is  35  miles  N.E.  of 
£edalia.  It  is  situated  on  a  bluflf  nearly  100  feet  above 
high-water  mark.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  2  other 
tanks,  9  churches,  the  Kemper  Family  School  for  boys,  the 
<!ooper  Institute  for  ladies,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  earthenware,  wine,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  Four 
weekly  newspapers  (one  of  which  is  German)  are  published 
here.  Coal-mines  have  been  opened  near  Boouville.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4132. 

Boouville^  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Boou- 
ville township,  on  the  Black  River  Canal,  and  on  the  Utica 
A  Black  River  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Utica,  and  24  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  union 
fichool,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  chairs,  lumber,  butter, 
■cheese,  churns,  <fcc.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  1418;  of  the  township,  4118. 

Boonville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  oo.,  N.O.,  32  miles 
TV.  of  Winston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
Pop.  of  Boonville  township,  1058. 

Boorabullung,  or  Burabulang,  boo^ri-bul'lilng 
\i.e,,  "Old  Twister"),  a  tortuous  stream  of  Orissa,  India, 
whose  mouth  is  in  lat.  21°  28'  N.,  Ion.  87°  5'  E.  It  is  tidal 
for  23  miles,  and  the  town  of  Balaaore  is  on  its  banks. 

Boo-Regreb,  Bou-Regreb,  or  Bu>Regreb, 
'boo-r§h-gr5b'  (anc.  Sa'la  f),  a  river  of  Morocco,  enters  the 
Atlantic  at  Rabatt,  108  miles  W.  of  Fez,  by  a  mouth  500 
yards  across,  within  which  is  a  dock -yard. 

Boorghas,  Bonrghas,  boor^g&s',  written  also  Bour- 
^as  and  Burghaz,  a  seaport  town  of  Europe,  in  East- 
ern Roum0lia,  on  a  promontory  in  the  Gulf  of  Boorghas 
(Black  Sea),  76  miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive manufactory  of  clay  pipes  and  bowls,  with  a  trade 
in  iron  and  provisions.  Pop.  5000.  The  Gulf  of  Boorghas 
IS  14  miles  in  length,  runs  from  E.  to  W.,  and  has  a  depth 
of  from  5  to  12  fathoms. 

Boorghas,  Bonrghas,  or  Burghaz,  a  village  of 
Asia  Minor,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Abydos. 

Boorhanpoor,  Bourhanponr,  or  Bnrhanpur, 
boor'han-poor',  a  town  of  the  Nimar  district.  Central 
Provinces,  India,  2  miles  from  Lai  Bagh  Railroad  Station, 
and  280  miles  N.E.  of  Bombay.  It  is  famous  for  its  flow- 
ered silks,  brocades,  and  muslins,  and  for  its  manufacture 
of  gold  and  silver  wire ;  but  the  place  has  greatly  declined 
in  importance.     Pop.  29,303.     (See  also  Beehampoob.) 

Boorlos,  or  Bonrlos,  booR'los\  a  lagoon  of  Lower 
Egypt,  in  the  Delta  of  the  Nile,  about  5  miles  E.  of  Rosetta. 
Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  38  miles;  average  breadth,  17 
miles.  It  communicates  with  the  Mediterranean  by  a  single 
channel,  and  is  connected  with  the  Nile  by  several  canals. 

Boornabat,  Bonrnabat,  or  Burnabat,  booR-nd,- 
bit',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Smyrna,  at 
the  head  of  its  gulf.  It  is  a  favorite  summer  residence  of 
the  merchants  and  consuls  of  Smyrna. 

Booro,Bouro,boo'ro\  Boeroe,  or  Burn,  boo'roo\ 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  mostly  between  lat.  3° 
and  4°  S.  and  Ion.  126°  and  127°  E.,  50  miles  W.  of  Ceram. 
It  is  claimed  by  the  Dutch.  Estimated  area,  1970  square 
miles,  and  population  60,000.  It  is  mountainous  and  well 
watered,  produces  sago,  fruits,  dye-woods,  and  the  best 
cajeput  oil,  and  abounds  with  deer  and  babyroussa  hogs. 
On  its  N.  side  is  Cajeli  Bay,  with  a  good  anchorage. 

Booroogird,  Burugird,  Boorojerd,Boorojird, 
or  Bouroudjird,  boo-roo-jerd',  atown  of  Persia,  province 
of  Irak-Ajemee,  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hamadan.   Pop.  12,000. 

Boosempra,  boo-sflm^pri',  a  navigable  river  of  the 
■Gold  Coast,  Africa. 

Boossa,  or  Bonssa,  boo'sl,  a  large  town  of  Central 
Africa,  W.  of  Soodan,  capital  of  a  principality  of  the  same 
name,  on  an  island  in  the  Niger,  about  lat.  10°  14'  N., 
Ion.  5°  20'  E.  Pop.  (estimated)  10,000.  It  spreads  over  a 
wide  space  enclosed  by  a  wall.     Here  Mungo  Park  died. 

Boos  Station,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Jasper  co..  III. 

Bootan,  Bontan,  Butan,  booH3,n',  Bhoutan, 
Bhutan,  Bhotan,  b'hooHin',  or  PhoHan'  (native 
name,  Aieu),  a  kingdom  of  Asia,  in  the  Eastern  Himalaya, 
bounded  N.  by  Thibet,  E.  by  the  lands  of  various  petty 
independent  tribes,  S.  by  Assam  and  the  Julpigoree  district, 
and  W.  by  Sikkim,  It  is  a  region  of  the  grandest  forest- 
clad  mountains,  with  deep  intervening  valleys.  Area, 
about  15,000  scjuare  miles.  The  Bhutias  (the  dominant 
tribe)  are  physically  a  fine  race,  allied  in  language  and 
olood  to  the  Thibetans  ;  but  the  country  is  ill  governed,  and 
the  people  everywhere  degraded.  They  are  Booddhists,  and 
bave  two  rulers, — the  Dharm  Rajah,  or  spiritual  chief,  and 
the  Dob  Rajah,  or  temporal  ruler, — but  the  office  of  neither 
is  hereditary.  Capitals,  Tassisudon  and  Poonukka.  Chief 
44 


exports,  woollens,  gold-dust,  horses,  salt,  silk,  and  moflk.  All 
the  crops  of  temperate  climates  do  well  here,  and  copper, 
iron,  and  gold  are  obtained.  In  1864-65  much  of  the 
country  was  conquered  by  the  British.     Pop.  about  35,000. 

Boothank,  booH'hawk',  a  fortified  village  of  Afghanis- 
tan, 12  miles  E.  of  Cabool.  Boothauk  Pass,  5  miles  long, 
is  hemmed  in  by  perpendicular  clifiis  500  feet  high. 

Booth'bay,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  in 
Boothbay  township,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Wiscasset.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  system  of  public  schools,  and  indus- 
tries which  embrace  ship-building,  ice-exporting,  and  the 
manufacture  of  fish-oil  and  guano.  The  township  em- 
braces several  villages  which  are  favorite  summer  resorts. 
Pop.  about  1800. 

Booth'bay  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  in 
Boothbay  township,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Damariscotta 
and  Sheepscott  Rivers,  12  miles  S.  of  Wiscasset,  and  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Bath.  It  derives  its  prosperity  mainly  from 
trade  and  fisheries.  It  has  2  churches,  3  superior  hotels,  a 
savings-bank,  a  newspaper  (the  Boothbay  Register  and 
Summer  Tourist),  an  opera-house,  water-works,  2  marine 
railways,  ice-works,  fine  graded  schools,  lodges  of  Knights 
of  Pythias  and  Masons,  <ko.     Pop.  1699. 

Booth'by  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  1 
mile  from  Short  Lane  Station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington <fc  Baltimore  Railroad. 

Booth  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
near  the  Delaware  River,  and  4  miles  from  Linwood. 

Boothia  Felix,  boo'the-^  fe'liks,  a  peninsula,  is  the 
most  northern  part  of  the  mainland  of  North  America,  hav- 
ing E.  Boothia  Gulf,  N.  Bellot  Strait,  and  W.  Franklin 
Channel.  The  magnetic  pole  is  in  this  peninsula,  the 
northern  point  of  which  is  about  lat.  72°  N. 

Boothia  Gulf,  in  Northern  Canada,  a  southward  con- 
tinuation of  Prince  Regent  Inlet,  which  separates  Boothia 
Felix  from  Cockburn  Island  and  Melville  Peninsula,  about 
310  miles  in  length,  breadth  from  60  to  100  miles. 

Booth's  Point,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Dyer  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  16miles  W.  of  Dyersburg. 

Booths'ville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  W.  Va.,  56 
miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Bootle,  boo'tfl,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  Irish  Sea,  and  on  a  railway,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Raven- 
glass.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  Parney  and  Bootle  Falls  and 
Black-comb  Mountain.     Pop.  of  parish,  765. 

Bootle,  or  Bootle-cum-Lin'acre,  a  borough  of 
Lancashire,  England,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mersey,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Liverpool.  It  has  extensive  timber-yards,  jute-fac- 
tories, foundries,  &c.  Bootle  contains  about  400  acres  of  the 
Liverpool  docks,  and  here  are  the  loading-berths  of  the 
American  steamers.  Several  railways  meet  here.  Pop.  in 
1881,27,374;  in  1891,  49,217. 

Booton,  Boeton,  or  Bouton,  booHon',  written  also 
Baton,  and  Butung,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, S.E.  of  the  island  of  Celebes.  Lat.  5°  S. ;  Ion.  123°  E. 
Estimated  area,  1800  square  miles.  The  island  is  elevated, 
and  fertile  in  rice,  maize,  and  tropical  fruits.  The  town 
Booton  is  at  the  southwest  extremity  of  the  island.  The 
Strait  of  Booton,  from  15  to  20  miles  in  width,  separates 
this  island  from  Pangansane  and  Celebes. 

Boozoolook,  Bouzoulouk,  or  Buzuluk,  boo- 
zoo-look',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  145  miles 
N.W.  of  Orenboorg,  on  the  Samara.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  silk.     Pop.  9932. 

Bopaul,  a  state  and  city  of  Hindostan.    See  Bhopacl. 

Bopfingen,  bop'fing-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Eger,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nordlingen.     Pop.  1550. 

Boppard,  or  Boppart,  bop'pant  (anc.  Bodoh'rxga?), 
a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coblentz,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  It  owed  its  origin  to  a  fort 
built  by  Drusus.  It  has  two  fine  Gothic  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  manufactures  of  cotton  cloths  and  yarns,  and  an 
active  transit  trade.     Pop.  4977. 

Boqne's  Creek,  Ohio.    See  Soke's  Creek. 

Boquet  or  Bouquet,  bo-ka',  a  river  of  New  York,  rises 
among  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  runs  northeastward, 
and  enters  Lake  Champlain  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bur- 
lington, Vt.  It  is  nearly  60  miles  long.  Its  branches  inter- 
lock with  those  of  the  Hudson  River. 

Boquet,  or  Bouquet,  a  village  of  Essex  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  N.  of  Whallonsburg.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  union  church. 

Boquet,  bo-ka',  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghanj 
City. 

Boquet,  a  pdst-office  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa. 


BOR 


682 


BOR 


Borabora,  Society  Islands.    See  Bolabola. 

Boraholni)  bo'ra-holm,  an  uninhabited  island  of  the 
Orkney  group. 

Bernard',  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  at  New  Hope. 

Bor&s,  bo'ros,  a  town  of  Sweden,  60  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Wenersborg.     Pop.  3110. 

Bo^rasambar',  a  native  principality  of  India,  at- 
tached for  certain  administrative  purposes  to  the  district  of 
Sumbhulpoor.  Area,  750  square  miles.  It  is  almost  entirely 
a  wild  jungle,  inhabited  by  aboriginal  tribes.    Pop.  19,203. 

Bo'rax  Lake,  in  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  just  E.  of  Clear  Lake, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  dike  of  obsidian.  Many 
warm  mineral  springs  are  found  in  its  vicinity.  Its  waters 
are  highly  saline,  and  crystals  of  borax  are  largely  gathered 
from  its  bottom. 

Borba,  boR'bi,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Elvas.     Pop.  3500. 

Borba,  boB'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  province  of 
Parft,  on  the  Madeira,  95  miles  S.S.W.  of  Manaos. 

Borbetomagus.    See  Worms. 

Borborema,  bo R-bo-ri'mi,  a  mountain-range  in  Brazil, 
forming  the  S.  boundary  of  the  province  of  Cear&. 

Borcette,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Burtschbid. 

Borchloen,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Looz. 

Borculo,  Borknlo,  boR*koo-lo',  or  Borkelo,  boB^- 
k§h-lo',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  15  miles  E.  of  Zutphen. 
Pop.  4155. 

Bord-^-Plouffe,  boRd'-i-ploof,  a  post-village  in 
Laval  CO.,  Quebec,  on  Isle  J^sus,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  several  stores  and  hotels,  and  a  good  trade  in 
lumber  and  cattle.     Pop.  1200. 

Bordeaux,  boK^do'  or  bor'do,  formerly  written  Bont' 
deaux,  booR^o'  (L.  Burdig'ala),  a  city  in  the  S.W.  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne, 
60  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  chiefly  on  its  left  bank,  and  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  358  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paris. 
Lat.  44°  50'  19"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  34'  32"  W.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
flourishing  cities  of  Europe  in  point  of  industry,  commerce, 
and  the  cultivation  of  the  arts  and  sciences.  It  is  an 
archbishop's  see,  the  seat  of  a  university  academy,  a  school 
of  medicine,  college,  normal  school,  school  of  navigation, 
and  a  mint.  In  the  old  part  of  the  city  the  streets  are 
crooked  and  narrow,  but  the  new  quarters,  the  allies,  and 
the  many  public  edifices  are  of  great  beauty  and  elegance. 
Among  the  most  remarkable  of  these  are  the  remains  of  the 
palace  of  Gallienus;  the  cathedral,  a  fine  Gothic  structure; 
the  church  of  the  Feuillants,  which  contains  the  tomb  of 
Montaigne ;  the  great  theatre  built  by  Louis  XVI.,  one  of 
the  finest  in  Europe,  seated  for  4000  persons ;  the  exchange ; 
the  former  archiepiscopal  palace ;  the  H6tel  de  la  Marine  ; 
the  triumphal  arch  of  the  port  of  Bourgogne,  the  mag- 
nificent bridges  across  the  Garonne,  and  the  noble  system 
of  public  hospitals.  Under  the  name  of  Burdigala,  this  was 
a  rich  and  important  place  at  the  time  of  the  conquest  of 
the  country  by  the  Romans,  who  made  it  the  capital  of  the 
2d  Aquitania,  and  it  was  embellished  by  the  emperors. 

Situated  on  a  navigable  river,  in  this  part  about  2600  feet 
broad  and  from  60  to  90  feet  deep,  Bordeaux  takes  rank 
next  after  Marseilles  and  Havre  among  the  ports  of  France, 
both  in  foreign  and  in  coastwise  trade.  It  has  also  a  great 
trade  by  rail.  Its  harbor  or  basin,  formed  by  the  Garonne, 
is  capable  of  containing  1200  ships  of  any  size,  and  is  ac- 
cessible for  ships  of  600  tons  at  all  times  of  the  tide ;  it  has 
docks  and  building-yards  for  every  size  of  vessels.  It  has 
manufactures  of  all  kinds,  especially  of  tobacco,  vinegar, 
liqueurs,  and  chemical  products;  sugar-  and  saltpetre-re- 
fineries, distilleries,  cotton-  and  woollen-spinning,  manu- 
factures of  printed  calicoes,  and  iron-foundries.  Its  com- 
merce extends  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Its  principal 
exports  are  wines,  brandy,  and  fruits ;  its  chief  imports, 
colonial  merchandise,  cotton  goods,  iron,  coal,  and  timber. 
Pop.  in  1875,  215,140 ;  in  1891,  242,259. 

Bordeaux,  bor-do',  a  post-township  of  Abbeville  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  2232. 

Bordeaux,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Bordelois,  or  Bordelais,  boRd'li'  or  boR'd§h-li',  an 
old  subdivision  of  France,  which  formed  part  of  the  province 
of  Guienne,  and  of  which  Bordeaux  was  the  capital.  It  now 
forms  the  greater  part  of  the  department  of  Gironde,  and  a 
portion  of  Landes. 

Bordelonville,  bor'd§h-lon-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Avoyelles  parish,  La.  It  has  2  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  cotton-gin. 

Borden,  bord'^n,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  N.W.,  on 
the  Staked  Plain.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Borden,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Visa- 
lia  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  104  miles  S.S.E. 


of  Stockton.     It  is  at  the  head  of  the  Fresno  River  irriga- 
tion canals.     It  has  2  hotels  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100, 

Borden,  a  post-village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  9  miles 
W.  of  Columbus. 

Borden  Shaft,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  2^  miles  S.W.  of  Frost- 
burg.  Here  a  bed  of  excellent  blacksmith's  coal  9  feet 
thick  is  wrought. 

Borden  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Bordentown,  bor'd§n-t6wn,  a  borough  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  6  miles  below  Trenton, 
and  on  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  The  rail- 
road passes  in  a  deep  cut  under  several  of  the  streets.  This 
town  contains  8  churches,  the  Bordentown  Female  College,, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  several  iron-foundries  and 
machine-shops.  Here  is  a  house  which  was  formerly  the- 
residence  of  Joseph  Bonaparte,  brother  of  Napoleon  I, 
Steamboat8  ply  daily  between  this  town  and  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  in  1880,4258;  in  1890,  4232. 

Bor'der,  a  hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  from. 
Neosho.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bord^res,  boR^daiR',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  465. 

Bor'der  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge, 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Bordesholm,  boR'd?8-holm\  a  village  of  Prussia,. 
Holstein,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  520. 

Bord'ley,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Sebree.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bord5e,boR'do*?h,  one  of  the  Faroe  Islands,  belonging, 
to  Denmark.     It  has  a  port  called  Klack.     Pop.  358. 

Bor'doTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  5 
miles  from  Enosburg  Falls  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Boreas  (bo're-is)  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks,  is  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.  It  is  3726  feet  high.  Boreas 
Creek  rises  near  its  base,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  Essex  co. 

Boreas  River,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  & 
stream  of  the  same  name,  13  miles  E.  of  Newcomb. 

Boree,  or  Bori,  bo^ree',  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nagpoor,  with  large  dye-works. 
Pop.  3370. 

Boree,  or  Bori,  boVee',  a  fortified  town  of  Afghan- 
istan.    Lat.  30°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  36'  E. 

Bo'reel'  or  Fri'ar  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islets 
S.E.  of  Tasmania.     Lat.  43°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  21'  E. 

Bore'lia,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles 
from  Oshawa.     Pop.  300. 

Borello,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  LAtrREANA. 

Bore'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  4i  miles 
from  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bo'ren's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  San  Augustine  co.,  Tex. 

Boreray',  two  small  islands  of  the  Hebrides,  one  a  mile 
N.  of  North  Uist,  the  other  2  miles  N.  of  St.  Kilda. 

Boreta,  boVe^ti',  a  post-office  of  St.  Landry  parish^ 
La.,  on  the  Bayou  Boeuf,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morgan  City. 

Borg&,  or  Borgo,  boR'go,  a  town  and  Lutheraa 
bishop's  see,  in  Finland,  province  of  Nyland,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Finland,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Borgft  or  VorgA. 
It  has  a  fine  cathedral  and  gymnasium,  with  some  mills^ 
and  a  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  3410. 

Borgentreich,  boR'g^n-triK^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1546. 

Borgerhout,  boR'ger-howt\  a  town  of  Belgium,  an 
eastern  suburb  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  10,787. 

Borgetto,  boR-ghfit'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  5977. 

Borghetto,  boR-g&t'to  or  boR-gh8t'to,  a  town  of  Italy,, 
in  Lombardy,  7  miles  S.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  5328. 

Borghetto,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Mincio,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Verona.     It  has  a  castle  and  a  fortified  causeway. 

Borghetto,  a  village  of  Italy.  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  1838. 

Borgholm,  boRg'holm,  avtown  of  Sweden,  island  of 
Oland,  with  a  harbor,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Kalmar.     Pop.  773. 

Borgholz,  boRG'hilts,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,. 
56  miles  S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Bever.     Pop.  1162. 

Borgholzhausen,  boRG'h6lts-hSw^z§n,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1085. 

Borgia,  boR'ji,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6i  miles 
S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     It  was  almost  wholly  destroyed  by  an 
earthquake  in  1783.     Pop.  4069. 
Borgne,  bom,  a  lake,  or  rather  bay,  situated  in  the 


BOR 


683 


BOR 


6.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  12  mile*  E.  of  New  Orleans,  com- 
municates with  the  Gulf  of  M«ixico  on  the  E.,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Lake  Pontchartrain  on  the  W.  by  means  of  the 
Rigolets  Pass,  about  10  miles  long.  Length,  about  60  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  26  miles. 

B  o  r go ,  boR'go,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  the  Brenta.  Pop. 
4U92.  There  are  villages  of  the  same  name  in  Cephalonia, 
Greece,  and  Corsica.  Borgo  ("  town")  is  a  prefix  to  the 
names  of  many  places  in  Italy. 

Borgo  a  Buggiano,  boR'go  &  bood-j&'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  27  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Florence,  in  the  Val  di 
Nievole.     It  has  numerous  silk-mills.     Pop.  2358. 

Borgo, Forte,  boR'go  foR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mantua.  Here  is  a  railway  bridge  across  the 
Po.     Pop.  3900. 

Borgo  liavezzarO)  boR'go  l&-v£t-s&'ro,  a  town  of 
Italy,  8  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2839. 

Borgomanero,  boR^go-m&-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Novara,  near  the  Agogna.  Pop. 
S731.    It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  commercial  college. 

Borgo  Mozzano,  boR'go  mot-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
on  the  Serchio,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  9604. 

Borgoua  and  Borgogna.     See  Buroundy. 

Borgoo,  or  Borgou,  boR-goo',  a  kingdom  of  Africa, 
in  Soodan,  W.  of  the  Quorra,  about  lat.  10°  N.,  Ion.  4°  E. 
The  principal  towns  are  Boossa,  Kiama,  and  Niki. 

Borgoo,  Borgu,  bor-goo',  or  Borku,  bor-koo',  a 
district  of  Africa,  in  Soodan,  about  lat.  17°-20°  N.  and 
ion.  18°-21°  E.  It  is  in  part  mountainous,  and  in  part  a 
desert  basin  of  drifting  sand,  with  irrigated  and  fertile 
limestone  valleys.    Some  of  the  tribes  are  nomadic  Arabs. 

Borgo  San  Dalmazzo,  boR'go  sin  d&l-m&t'so,  a 
town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  4054. 

Borgo  San  Donino,  boR'go  s&n  do-nee'no,  a  walled 
town  of  North  Italy,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Parma.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  with  a  fine  old  cathedral,  a  divinity  school, 
and  silk-works.     Pop.  10,855. 

Borgo  San  Lorenzo,  boR'go  sin  lo-rdn'zo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  on  the  Sieve,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Florence.  Pop. 
4192. 

Borgo  San  Sepolcro,  boR'go  sin  si-pol'kro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  a  bishop's  see,  on  the  Tiber,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Arezzo.  Its  cathedral  and  numerous  churches  are  adorned 
with  fine  works  of  art.     Pop.  8068. 

Borgo  Sesia,  boR'go  sd,'se-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  3642. 

Borgo  Taro,  boR'go  ti'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  36  miles 
S.W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  3000. 

Borgo  Ticino,  boR'go  te-chee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2200. 

Borgon,  Africa.    See  Borgoo. 

Borgo  Vercelli,  boR'go  vfiR-chfil'lee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
3  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  3197. 

Bori,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Boree, 

Borinage,  bo^ree^nizh',  a  small  district  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Hainaut,  important  for  its  coal-mines.  It  com- 
prises the  communes  of  Jemmapes,  Quaregnon,  Homu, 
Paturages,  Frameries,  Ac.    Pop.  about  32,000. 

Bo^rispol',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Poltava, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  5959. 

Borissoglebsk,  bo-ris-so-glflbsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tambov.     Pop.  8619. 

Borissoglebsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  12,254. 

Borissov,  bo-ree'sov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
38  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.  Near  this 
the  disastrous  passage  of  Beresina  was  effected  by  the  French, 
26th  and  27th  of  November,  1812.     Pop.  5223. 

Boija,  boR'Hi,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  39  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  5400. 

Borja,  boR'ni,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador, 
on  the  Amazon,  just  E.  of  Santiago,  and  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  2600  miles  distant  from  the  sea. 

Boi^as,  boR'nis,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  3313. 

Borkai,  boR-ki',  or  Borgui,  boR-ghee',  a  bay  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  Siberian»coast,  between  lat.  70°  4'  and 
72°  N.,  Ion.  129°  and  133°  E. 

Borkai,  boR'kil,  or  Berkel,  bflR'k?!,  a  river  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia  and  the  Netherlands,  flows  W.  through  Gelder- 
land,  and  joins  the  Yssel  at  Zutphen.     Length,  60  miles. 

Borkelo,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Borctjlo. 

Borken,  boR'k^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 34  miles  W.S.W.  of  MUnster,  on  the  Aa.     Pop.  3066. 

Borken,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  20  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1180. 

Borku,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  BoROOO. 


Borknlo,  a  town  in  the  Netherlands.    See  BoRCViiO. 

Borkum,  boR'kfiSm,  an  island  in  the  North  Sea,  be- 
longing to  Prussia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ems,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Emden.  Lat.  of  light-house,  53°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  41'  E. 
The  island  is  low,  and  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  narrow 
channel.     Length,  6  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.     Pop.  573. 

Bormes,  boRm,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2178. 

Bormida,  boR-mee'd&,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Ta- 
naro  near  Alessandria,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  28  miles. 

Bormio,  boR'me-o  (Ger.  Worms,  ^^oRms),  a  town  of 
Northern  Italy,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Sondrio,  near  the  Adda. 
Pop.  1686.  N.  of  Bormio,  at  Molina,  on  the  Adda,  are  the 
salt  baths  called  Bagni  di  Bormio  (bin'yee  dee  boR'me-o). 

Borna,  boR'ni,  a  town  of  Saxony,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Leipsio.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths 
and  earthenwares.     Pop.  5751. 

Borne,  boR'n^h  or  boRn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Overyssel,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Delden.     Pop.  3632. 

Borneo,  bor'ne-o  (native,  Poo'lo  Kalamantin,  ka- 
l&m^minHin',  or  Klemmantan,  klSm^m&n^t&n'),  the  largest 
island  in  the  world,  excepting  Australia,  is  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  lat.  7°  N.-4°  20'  S.,  Ion.  109°-118°  E.  The 
island  lies  about  half  in  the  northern  and  half  in  the  south- 
ern hemisphere,  and  is  of  roughly  hexagonal  outline,  with 
an  area  of  285,000  square  miles,  the  coast-line  being  broken 
by  comparatively  few  bays  and  inlets.  Much  of  the  in- 
terior is  little  known.  The  centre  seems  to  be  a  plateau 
from  which  diverge  several  mountain-chains,  of  which  the 
principal  one  runs  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  along  the  longest  axis 
of  the  island.  Between  the  mountain-ranges  are  alluvial 
plains,  which  towards  the  ocean  are  often  swampy;  and 
these  plains  and  swamps  are  at  many  points  rapidly  en- 
croaching upon  the  shallow  seas.  Borneo  is  for  the  most 
part  a  seething  jungle,  densely  clad  with  rich  and  varied 
vegetation.  Its  copious  rains  feed  numerous  streams,  sev- 
eral of  which  afford  considerable  reaches  of  navigable  water. 
The  heat  is  not  generally  oppressive,  but  as  a  whole  the 
island  has  a  bad  reputation  in  respect  to  health.  The  min- 
eral wealth  of  Borneo  is  great.  Considerable  gold  is  ob- 
tained here;  also  some  coal,  and  great  quantities  of  anti- 
mony. Diamonds  are  occasionally  found,  and  mercury, 
salt,  petroleum,  tin,  copper,  and  iron  are  known  to  exist. 
Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  panther,  the  bear,  the 
orang-outang,  and  other  apes,  the  rhinoceros,  the  elephant 
(probably  introduced),  deer  of  several  kinds,  wild  swine, 
wild  oxen,  civets,  and  many  others.  Insects  and  reptiles 
are  exceedingly  abundant,  the  flying  frog  being  one  of  the 
rarest  of  the  known  species. 

Of  the  native  races  of  men,  the  Dyaks  are  the  most  re- 
markable and  least  civilized ;  but  the  Malays  have  long  been 
the  dominant  race  on  the  coasts.  The  seaports  are  largely 
peopled  by  Chinese  and  their  half-breed  descendants.  The 
vegetable  products  of  the  island  include  excellent  timber  of 
many  kinds,  some  cotton,  palm-fibre,  sago,  camphor,  gutta- 
percha, betel,  nutmegs,  cloves,  cinnamon,  gambir,  rattans, 
and  rice;  and  nearly  all  the  tropical  fruits  here  attain  the 
highest  perfection.  The  western,  southeastern,  and  part  of 
the  eastern  coasts  are  claimed  by  the  Dutch,  and  governed 
by  them,  in  part  directly,  and  in  part  through  native  chiefs 
and  sultans.  The  remainder  of  the  island  is  chiefly  under 
the  Sultan  of  Borneo  (whose  country  is  called  Borneo  Pro- 
per ;  also  Brunai,  Bruni,  or  B'mi),  but  his  realms  constitute 
no  political  unity,  and  he  has  at  most  but  a  rude  feudal  au- 
thority over  the  numerous  petty  rajahs  and  sultans  of  the 
coast  regions,  and  no  authority  at  all  in  the  interior.  Sir 
James  Brooke,  the  noted  rajah  of  Sarawak,  was  a  nominal 
vassal  of  the  Sultan  of  Borneo ;  and  through  him  the  English 
influence  became  a  dominant  one  and  the  extension  of  the 
Dutch  authority  was  checked.  He  also  did  much  to  sup- 
press piracy.  The  Sultan  of  Sooloo  also  rules  some  portion 
of  the  Bornean  coast.  The  prevailing  religion  of  Borneo  is 
Mohammedanism,  except  among  the  Dyaks,  who  are  idol- 
aters. The  old  Dyak  custom  of  collecting  human  heads  is 
dying  out ;  and  according  to  Mr.  Wallace  the  people,  though 
exceedingly  rude  and  ignorant,  are  highly  truthful  and 
moral,  and  naturally  intelligent.  The  pop.  of  Dutch  Borneo 
in  1888  was  placed  at  1, 164,000  ;  and  that  of  the  remainder 
is  estimated  at  576,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Bor'nean. 

Borneo,  bor'ne-o,  Brunai,  broo'ni,  or  B*rni,  ber^- 
nee',  a  town  near  the  N.  coast  of  Borneo,  and  on  the  river 
Brunai,  in  Ut.  52°  30'  N.,  Ion.  114°  52'  E.  It  is  built  on 
piles,  in  the  river  Limbang,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  sul- 
tanate of  Borneo  or  Brunai.  Since  the  foundation  of  the 
British  North  Borneo  Company  it  has  a  large  fishery  trade 
with  Singapore.     Pop.  30,000. 

Bornhem ,  boRn'hem,  a  town  and  commnne  of  Belgium, 


BOR 


684 


BOS 


province  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Scheldt,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Mechlin.     Pop.  4770. 

Bornholm,  DORn'holm  (anc.  Borringia  ?),  an  island  of 
Denmark,  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  90  miles  E.  of  Zealand,  and  25 
miles  S.  of  the  southernmost  point  of  Sweden.  Its  most 
northern  point  is  Cape  Hammeren,  on  which  is  a  light-house 
279  feet  high,  in  lat.  55°  17'  4"  N.,  Ion.  14°  46'  30"  E.  It 
is  about  23  miles  long  by  18  broad ;  area,  230  square  miles. 
In  general,  the  coast  is  high,  presenting  perpendicular  cliffs, 
close  to  which  is  deep  water.  Where  cliffs  do  not  prevail, 
reefs  and  sand-banks  stretch  out  to  sea,  rendering  approach 
dangerous.  The  island  haa  no  good  or  secure  harbor,  but 
the  best  is  at  Ronne,  the  capital,  on  the  S.W.  side.  Ex- 
cepting a  heath-tract  near  the  centre,  the  land  is  generally 
fertile.  Good  building-stone  and  marble  are  quarried  and 
exported,  and  coal  is  likewise  raised  and  used  to  some  ex- 
tent, but  it  is  of  an  inferior  quality.  The  island  has  long 
been  famous  for  its  rook  crystals.  Agriculture,  cattle-rear- 
ing, fishing,  and  seafaring  afford  the  chief  support  of  the 
inhabitants.     Pop.  29,304. 

Born'holme)  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Mitchell.     Pop.  100. 

Borno,  bon'no,  a  large  village  of  Italy,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergamo,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2499. 

Bornoo,  Bornou,  or  Bornu,  bor^noo'  (native,  Ka- 
nowra),  a  country  of  Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  between 
lat.  10°  and  15°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  18°  E.,  having  N. 
Kanem  and  Sahara,  E.  Lake  Chad  and  Baghirmi,  S.  Man- 
dara,  and  W.  Houssa.  Lake  Chad  appears  to  receive  all 
the  waters  of  Bomoo.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Shary  from 
the  mountains  of  Mandara,  and  the  Yeoo  from  those  of 
Houssa.  The  climate  is  excessively  hot.  The  dry  season  is 
from  April  to  October,  and  the  rainy  season  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  year.  The  whole  country  is  flat,  and  by  far 
the  greater  part  is  covered  with  underwood,  coarse  grass, 
and  creeping  and  climbing  plants,  while  around  Lake  Chad 
and  for  a  considerable  distance  west  and  south  it  is  alluvial 
and  marshy.  The  chief  productions  are  millet,  barley, 
beans,  maize,  cotton,  and  indigo.  The  principal  wealth  of 
the  inhabitants  is  in  slaves  and  cattle,  and  the  horses  of 
Bomoo  are  greatly  prized.  The  chief  exports  are  slaves, 
gold-dust,  and  civet.  The  mass  of  the  people  ( Kanowry )  are 
negroes,  who  profess  fetishism,  and  are  divided  into  tribes 
speaking  different  idioms.  The  dominant  race  (Shouas) 
are  of  Arab  descent,  and  Mohammedans.  Principal  towns, 
Kooka  (the  capital,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Chad),  Cherwa, 

Angornoo,  Deegoa,  and  Old  and  New  Birnee. Adj.  and 

inhab.  BorVooese'. 

BornoS)  boR'noce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  Guadalete.     Pop.  4530. 

Bornou,  or  Bornu.    See  Borxoo. 

BorodinO)  bor-o-dee'no  (Russ.  pron.  bo-ro-de-no'),  a 
village  of  Russia,  government  and  75  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Moscow,  on  the  Kologa,  an  affluent  of  the  Moskva,  cele- 
brated for  the  dear-bought  victory  gained  by  the  French 
over  the  Russians  on  the  7th  of  September,  1812. 

Bor^odi'no,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Spafford  township,  near  Skaneateles  Lake,  about  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Borongo  Islands.    See  Broken  Islands. 

Boroojird,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Boohoogied. 

Borotinko,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Saatz. 

Boron,  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  BooRO. 

Borough,  bur'ro,  township,  Beaver  co..  Pa.    Pop.  379. 

Bor'oughbridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  Ure,  and  on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  York.  It  has  a  handsome  market-cross,  and  3  branch 
banks.  Many  Roman  and  British  antiquities  have  been 
found  here,  the  most  curious  of  which  are  the  three  rude 
stone  obelisks  called  the  "  Devil's  Arrows,"  about  half  a 
mile  S.  of  the  town.     Pop.  857. 

BoroTitchee,  Borovitchi,  or  Borowitschi,  bo- 
ro-vit'chee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  96  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Novgorod,  on  the  Msta,  an  affluent  of  Lake  Ilmen. 
Pop.  9108.     It  has  a  trade  in  salt,  coal,  and  limestone. 

BoroTsk,  bo-rovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kalooga,  on  the  Protva.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  sail-cloth  and  leather.     Pop.  8826. 

Boroz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Jeno. 

Borragh,  a  river  of  Ireland.     See  Barrow. 

Borringia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  BoRNHOiiU. 

Borriol,  boR-Re-ol',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2700. 

Bor'ris,  or  Bur'ris-Id'rone,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
county  and  16  miles  S.  of  Carlow.     Pop.  601. 

Bor'ris-in»Os'sory,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Queen's 
CO.,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roscrea.     Pop.  562. 


Borris-O'Kane,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Birr.     Pop.  842. 

Borris-O'Leagh,  bor'ris-o-li',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Tipperary,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Templemore.     Pop.  772. 

Borromean  (bor-ro-mee'an)  Islands,  a  group  of  four 
small  islands  of  Italy,  in  the  Bay  of  Tosa  (the  W.  arm  of 
the  Lago  Maggiore),  viz. : 

IsoLA  Bella,  ee'so-l&  bil'li,  the  most  celebrated  of  the 
group,  formerly  barren  and  sterile,  was,  in  1671,  transformed 
into  a  delicious  garden,  rising  in  terraces,  in  the  form  of  an 
amphitheatre,  enclosing  a  magnificent  palace.  The  garden 
contains  fine  tropical  plants,  and  the  palace  is  adorned  with 
paintings  and  statues. 

IsoLA  Madre,  ee'80-l&  m&'dr^,  the  largest,  is  covered  with 
orange-  and  citron-trees,  and  gardens  of  exotic  plants.  This 
is  by  many  considered  the  pleasantest  of  all  the  islands. 

IsoLA  San  Giovanni,  ee'so-lfl,  san  jo-v4n'nee,  or  Isolina, 
e-so-lee'n&,  is  the  northernmost,  and  is  occupied  by  gardens 
and  fertile  fields. 

IsoLA  Supkriore,  ee'so-l&  soo-pi-ree-o'ri,  or  Isola  dei 
PESCATORi,  ee'so-l&  di'e  p£8-k&-to'ree  {i.e.,  "the  Fisher- 
men's Island"),  is  inhabited  by  fishermen,  whose  village 
covers  the  whole  island. 

Bor'rowdale,  a  chapelry  of  England,  oo.  of  Cumber 
land,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Keswick.     Here  is  a  famous  mine 
whence  was  formerly  obtained  the  best  plumbago.  Pop.  397. 

Bor^rowstonnness',  or  Boness,  bo-nSss',  a  burgh 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow,  on  a  railway,  and  on  a  low 
peninsula  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  streets  are  narrow,  and  the  houses  low  and  old- 
fashioned.  The  harbor  is  safe,  and  some  ship-building  and 
trade  in  coal  and  salt  from  the  vicinity  are  carried  on.  The 
town  has  also  distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  earthenware, 
soap,  and  vitriol.  The  coal-mines  extend  under  the  Forth, 
so  as  almost  to  meet  those  of  the  opposite  side.     Pop.  4256. 

Borsa,  boR'shdV,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Mar- 
maros,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Szigeth,  on  the  Viso.     Pop.  4460. 

Borsna,  or  Borzna,  boRz'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  8129. 

Borsod,  boR^shod',  or  Borschod,  boR'shot,  a  county 
of  Hungary,  is  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Sajo,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  fertile  in  the  kingdom.  Chief  products,  grain, 
wine,  and  fruits ;  cattle  are  extensively  reared,  and  its  com- 
merce is  important.  Area,  1369  square  miles.  Capital, 
Miskoloz.     Pop.  195,037. 

Borssele,  boRs^si'l^h,  or  Bramsale,  bR&m-s&'l^h, 
originally  two  islands  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zea 
land,  but  now  part  of  South  Beveland,  joined  by  means  of 
gradual  acquisitions  from  the  river  and  the  sea. 

Borst's,  a  station  in  El  Paso  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver 
&,  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  58  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Borst's,  a  station  on  the  Schoharie  &  Middleburg  Rail- 
road, 2i  miles  from  Middleburg,  N.Y. 

Bort,  boR,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Corr^ze,  on 
the  Dordogne,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ussel.  Pop.  2693.  It  has 
an  active  trade  in  horses  and  cattle. 

Borth'wick,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  Borthwiok  Castle,  a  strong 
fortress,  built  in  the  fifteenth  century,  was  famous  in  the 
civil  wars. 

Bortigali,boR-te-g&'lee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  40  milea 
S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  986. 

Bornmba,  a  state  of  India.    See  Barahba. 

Bo'rup,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Glyndon. 

Borysthenes,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Dnieper. 

Borzonasca,  boRd-zo-n&8'k&,  a  village  of  Italy,  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  4346. 

Bos,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands.     See  Ebus. 

Bosa,  bo'8&,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  30  mileit 
S.  of  Sassari,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Termo,  on  the  W.  coast. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  diocesan 
school.  Its  harbor  is  safe,  being  sheltered  by  the  island  of 
Bosa.     Pop.  6706. 

Bos'castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the 
Bristol  Channel,  4  miles  N.  of  Camelford.     Pop.  about  800. 

Boscawen,  commonly  pronounced  bosk'woin,  a  post- 
village  of  Meriimac  co.,  N.H.,  in  Boscawen  township,  on 
the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  fur- 
niture, chairs,  flannel,  shoes,  <fec.  The  township  contains 
Fisherville.     Pop.  1637. 

Bos'cawen  Island,  a  small  island  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  Navigator's  group.    Lat.  15°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  173°  35'  W 

Boschmans,  a  race  of  Africa.    See  Bushuen. 

Bosco,  bos'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  mile» 
S.S.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3661. 


BOS 


685 


BOS 


Bos'cobel,  an  extra-parochial  liberty  of  England,  co. 
of  Salop,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shiffnall.  The  manor-house 
here  was  the  retreat  of  Charles  II.  after  the  battle  of  Wor- 
cester, 3d  September,  1651.  For  greater  security,  the  king 
passed  the  next  day  concealed  in  a  thick  oak-tree  which 
grew  near,  from  an  acorn  of  which  the  present  "  Royal 
oak,"  at  Boacobel,  has  sprung. 

Bos'cobel,  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.    See  CRnaisRS. 

Boscobel)  a  hamlet  in  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

Boscobel)  a  city  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in  Boscobel  town- 
ship, on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of 
Madison,  and  28  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Prairie  du  Chien.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  public  and  German  schools,  a  news- 
paper ofSce,  with  manufactures  of  wagons,  carriages,  farm- 
ing implements,  clothes-pins,  furniture,  and  flour-,  planing-, 
saw-,  and  woollen-mills,  and  lumber-yards.  Pop.  1670; 
of  the  township,  1692. 

Bosco  Reale^  bos'ko  r&-9,'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  just 
E.  of  Bosco  Tre-Case.    Pop.  4842.    See  Bosco. 

Bosco  Tre-Case,  bos'ko  tri-ki'si,  a  town  of  Naples, 
Italy,  on  the  southern  declivity  of  Mount  Vesuvius.  Pop. 
4653.  It  is  nearly  contiguous  to  the  town  of  Torre  dell* 
Annunziata. 

Bosdarros,  bos^daR^Ro',  a  village  of  France,  Basses- 
Pyr6n6e8,  8  miles  S.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1861. 

Boshnanas,  a  nation  of  Africa.    See  Bechuanas. 

Bosing,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Bazin. 

Bosyean,  bo^zh&N«',  a  village  of  France,  Sadne-et-Loire, 
12  miles  N.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  954. 

Bosjesmans.    See  Bushmen. 

Boskoop,  bos-kop',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  South 
Holland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  2397. 

Boskowitz,  bos'ko-^its\  a  town  of  Moravia,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Briinn.  It  has  manufactories  of  Prussian 
blue,  alum,  vitriol,  glass,  potash,  and  liqueurs.     Pop.  3907. 

Bosland)  Kansas.    See  Wilson. 

Bos'mitch,  a  river  and  village  of  Persia :  the  river,  an 
affluent  of  that  which  passes  Tabreez ;  and  the  village,  on 
its  banks,  12  miles  E.  of  Tabreez. 

Bosna,  boz'ni,  a  river  of  Bosnia,  after  a  tortuous  north- 
ward course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Save,  24  miles  E.  of  Brod. 
Principal  affluents,  the  Ussora,  Krivaga,  and  Spressa.  The 
towns  of  Jepee,  Maglai,  and  Doboi  are  on  its  banks. 

Bo.sna  Serai,  bos'n&  s^-rl',  also  written  Seraio,  s^- 
ri'o,  Seraievo,  or  Sertyevo,  s^-ri-yi'vo,  a  town  of 
Europe,  capital  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Migliazza,  an  affluent 
of  the  Bosna  River,  122  miles  S.W.  of  Belgrade.  It  is 
well  built,  though  most  of  the  bouses  are  of  wood.  It  is 
defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  and  was  formerly  surrounded 
by  walls,  now  in  ruins.  It  has  manufactories  of  fire-arms, 
jewelry,  leather,  and  woollen  goods,  and  is  a  principal  en- 
trep6t  for  the  commerce  of  South  Germany,  Turkey,  and 
the  contiguous  Austrian  provinces.  In  the  vicinity  are 
extensive  iron-mines  and  the  mineral  baths  of  Seraievsko. 
The  town  derives  its  name  from  an  old  palace  (aerai)  built 
by  Mohammed  II.     Its  population  is  about  50,000. 

Bosnia,  boz'ne-&  (called  Bosna,  boz'ni,  by  the  Turks), 
a  territory  of  Europe,  formerly  a  Turkish  vilayet,  but  in 
1878  occupied  and  still  administered  by  Austria-Hun- 
gary, between  lat.  42°  30'  and  45°  16'  N.,  and  enclosed 
Sy  Dalmatia,  Slavonia,  Banat,  Servia,  Albania,  and  Mon- 
tenegro. Area  estimated  at  24,000  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  almost  wholly  mountainous,  traversed  by  the  chain 
of  the  Dinaric  Alps,  and  covered  by  its  contre-forts  and 
those  of  the  Julian  Alps,  rising  in  many  places  upwards  of 
6000  feet.  A  great  part  of  it  is  situated  in  the  basin  of  the 
Danube.  The  southern  portion  (Herzegovina)  is  watered 
by  the  Narenta,  which  flows  into  the  Mediterranean.  The 
soil  is  in  general  ill  suited  for  cultivation,  except  in  the 
valley  of  the  Save.  On  the  slopes  of  the  Dinaric  Alps  are 
extensive  oak  forests,  yielding  valuable  timber,  and  the 
pasturage  is  excellent.  Wheat,  barley,  and  maize  are  raised 
in  sufficient  quantity  for  home  consumption,  and  in  the 
Bouthern  districts  flax,  tobacco,  wines,  and  olives.  Fruits 
are  in  great  abundance,  especially  prunes,  which  grow  wild 
and  are  largely  exported.  The  rearing  of  cattle  and  swine 
is  an  important  branch  of  agriculture,  and  the  sheep  furnish 
a  celebrated  kind  of  wool.  Manufacturing  industry  is  lim- 
ited to  fire-arms,  leather,  woollen  and  cotton  stuflfs,  and  gun- 
Eowder.  Chief  exports,  leather,  hides,  wool,  goats'  hair, 
oney,  cattle,  timber,  and  mineral  waters.  Imports,  colo- 
nial produce,  silks,  paper,  salt,  and  oil.  The  transit  trade  is 
considerable  between  Turkey  and  the  Austrian  states.  The 
roads  are  very  bad,  and  in  general  only  practicable  for 
beaste  of  burden.     Capital,  Bosna  Serai.     Pop.   1,148,517, 


very  largely  Mohammedan,  but  mostly  of  Slavic  stock. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Bosnian,  boz'ne-^n,  Bosmiak,  or  Bosniote. 
Bos'porns  (less  correctly  written  Bos'phorus) 
(Turk.  Boghaz,  bo^giz' ;  L.  Bos'porns  Thra'cius),  called 
also  the  Strait  of  Constantinople,  a  narrow  passage 
which  connects  the  Black  Sea  with  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  and 
separates  Europe  from  Asia.  It  is  about  17  miles  long,  and 
varies  in  width  from  half  a  mile  to  1^  miles.  A  surface- 
current  seta  constantly  through  it  from  the  Black  Sea,  run- 
ning with  great  violence  and  rapidity  when  the  wind  is 
from  the  N.E.,  but  hardly  perceptible  when  it  blows  from 
the  opposite  quarter,  najnely,  the  S.W.,  and  there  is  a 

?retty  constant  reverse  current  under  this  outward  flow, 
he  depth  of  water  is  considerable,  and  the  navigation  safe. 
The  scenery  along  the  banks  of  the  channel  is  extremely 
beautiful,  with  magnificent  summer  residences,  most  of 
them  on  the  Asiatic  side,  handsome  houses  and  noble  gar- 
dens being  thickly  distributed  over  the  vicinity  of  the  strait 
on  both  sides.  At  the  narrowest  part  of  the  channel,  about 
8  miles  from  its  southern  entrance,  occur  the  two  castles  or 
forts  called  respectively  Roomelee  (Roumeli)  Hissar  and 
Anadoli  Hissar, — ^the  former  on  the  western  or  European 
side,  and  the  latter  on  the  eastern  or  Asiatic.  The  Bosporus 
was  in  ancient  times  remarkable  for  its  tunny-fishery,  which 
is  still  a  source  of  profit.  Constantinople  stands  on  its  W. 
side,  at  its  outlet,  and  partly  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  op- 

?08ite  Scutari.  The  Bosporus  of  Constantinople  is  called  the 
hracian  Bosporus,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Cimmerian 
Bosporus,  now  called  the  Straits  of  Yenikale. 

Bosque,  bos'ki,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  intersected  by  Bosque 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cot- 
ton, cattle,  and  horses  are  the  staple  products.  Ash-,  cedar-, 
pecan-,  walnut-,  and  oak-trees  abound  here.  It  is  traversed 
by  2  railroads.  Capital,  Meridian.  Pop.  in  1870,  49S1; 
in  1880,  11,217;  in  1890,  14,224. 

Bosque  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Erath  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  the  middle  of  Bosque  co.,  and  enters  the 
Brazos  River  at  Waco.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Bosqueville,  bos-ki-veel',  a  village  of  McLennan  co., 
Tex.,  6  miles  N.  of  Waco,  and  1  mile  from  the  Bosque 
River.  It  has  a  church,  and  the  Bosque  Male  and  Female 
College.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bos'sardsville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Hamilton  township,  7  miles  from  Stroudsburg.  It  haa  a 
church,  a  large  quarry  of  limestone,  and  several  lime-kilns 

Bossier,  bos-seer'  (Fr.  pron.  bos^se^i'),  a  parish  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Red  River,  and  on  the 
S.E.  by  Lake  Bistineau.  Lake  Bodcau  is  included  within 
this  parish.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Bellevue.  This  parish  is  traversed  from 
E.  to  W.  by  a  division  of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Railway 
system,  and  from  N.  to  S.W.  by  a  division  of  the  St.  Louis 
&  Southwestern  Railway.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,675 ;  in  1880, 
16,042;  in  1890,  20,330. 

Boss'ler,  a  station  on  the  Henrietta  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona,  Pa. 

Bo88ut-Ie8>Walconrt,bos^8U'-l&-v&PkooR',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  14  miles  S.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  735. 

Bostam,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Bistam. 

Bostan,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  El  Bostan. 

Bos'tick,  a  station  in  Talbot  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Bos'tick's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Boston,  bos'tpn,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln, 
in  a  rich  agricultural  district  on  the  estuary  of  the  Witham, 
6  miles  from  the  sea,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln,  at  the 
junction  of  three  railways.  The  town  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  the  Witham,  here  crossed  by  an  iron  bridge.  It  is 
well  built,  paved,  and  lighted,  and  abundantly  supplied 
with  good  water.  Its  parish  church,  built  in  1309,  is  the 
largest  without  aisles  in  the  kingdom:  length,  291  feet; 
breadth,  99  feet.  The  tower,  291  feet  in  height,  resembles 
that  of  Antwerp  cathedral,  and  forms  a  landmark  visible  40 
miles  distant.  Boston  has  a  grammar-school  founded  in 
1664,  blue-coat  and  numerous  other  schools,  a  town  hall,  a 
union  poor-house,  house  of  correction,  custom-house,  large 
market-house,  and  vauxhall,  with  assembly-rooms,  public  li- 
braries, banks,  manufactories  of  sailcloth,  canvas,  and  sack- 
ing, 3  iron-foundries,  and  shipyards.  Vessels  of  300  tons 
unload  in  the  town,  whence  the  navigation  is  continued  to 
Lincoln  by  small  steamers  and  barges.  Boston  sen  Is  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  14,626. 


BOS 


686 


BOS 


Boston,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wetherby,  in  a  valley  on  the 
Wharfe. 

Boston,  bos't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baca  co.,  Col.,  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Boston,  a  post-village  of  Thomas  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlan- 
tic &  Gulf  Railroad,  188  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah,  and 
48  miles  E.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  646. 

Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in  Boston 
township,  7  miles  S.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  146 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 832. 

Boston,  a  post- village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Beech 
River,  and  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville,  Nash- 
ville A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Boston,  a  hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  28  miles  from 
Careyville,  Tenn.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.  See 
also  Boston  Station. 

Boston,  a  city  of  the  United  States,  capital  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  of  Suffolk  co.,  on  a  bay  called  Boston  Harbor, 
which  forms  the  inner  bight  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Charles  and  Mystic  Rivers.  Lat.  42°  21' 
29.6"  N. ;  Ion.  71°  3'  51"  W.  The  original  town  stood 
upon  a  peninsula  called  by  the  Indians  Shawmutj  and  by 
the  settlers  Tremont  or  Trimountain,  from  the  three  sum- 
mits of  a  conspicuous  hill,  which,  though  now  much  reduced, 
is  still  prominent,  and  known  as  Beacon  Hill.  The  city  now 
includes  the  island  of  East  Boston  (Noddle's  Island),  and 
the  peninsular  suburbs  of  South  Boston  and  Charlestown, 
besides  the  former  towns  of  Dorchester,  Roxbury  (or  Boston 
Highlands),  West  Roxbury,  and  Brighton,  with  their  minor 
villages  of  Allston,  Jamaica  Plain,  Neponset.  Mattapan,  Ac. 
The  cities  of  Quincy,  Newton,  Cambridge,  Somervftle,  and 
Chelsea  are  near  suburbs,  and  there  are  many  large  towns 
(such  as  Milton,  Dedham,  Brookline,  Watertown,  and  Ever- 
ett) in  close  proximity.  Great  areas  adjoining  the  original 
Shawmut  have  been  reclaimed  from  the  harbor  and  its  in- 
lets, so  that  what  was  originally  the  neck  of  the  peninsula 
is  now  the  widest  part  of  it.  These  parts  are  now  covered 
with  substantial  and  costly  buildings.  Several  large  tracts 
of  low  ground  have  been  elevated  to  perfect  the  system  of 
sewers,  the  houses  being  raised  at  public  expense.  The  city 
is  the  terminus  of  many  railroads,  of  which  the  principal 
are  the  Old  Colony,  the  New  York  &  New  England,  the 
Boston  &  Albany,  the  Fitchburg,  the  Boston  &,  Maine, 
and  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &,  Lynn,  and  in  the  outskirts 
runs  the  Grand  Junction  Railway,  which  connects  most  of 
these  roads.  Twenty-five  bridges  over  navigable  waters, 
besides  the  railway  bridges,  connect  the  city  and  suburbs, 
while  East  Boston  and  Chelsea  are  reached  by  steam  ferries. 
Boston  is  one  of  the  best  built  cities  in  the  United  States, 
and  has  strongly  felt  the  recent  spirit  of  architectural  prog- 
ress. The  streets  in  the  older  portion,  once  singularly 
irregular  in  their  course,  have  been  somewhat  straightened, 
at  great  expense,  but  are  still  far  from  the  uniform  regu- 
larity in  many  younger  towns.  Most  of  the  principal 
streets  are  traversed  by  railways,  which  extend  for  many 
miles,  connecting  the  suburban  towns  with  Boston. 

Among  the  public  buildings  and  institutions  are  the 
state-house,  with  its  conspicuous  gilded  dome,  fronting  on 
the  Common  (a  small  but  well-kept  park,  adjacent  to  which 
is  the  Public  Garden  reclaimed  from  the  sea) ;  the  Old 
State-House  (built  in  1712) ;  Christ  church  (1723) ;  Faneuil 
Hall  (1743) ;  King's  Chapel  (1754) ;  the  free  public  library, 
having,  with  its  branches,  about  560,000  bound  volumes, 
besides  numerous  pamphlets,  and  ranking  with  the  largest 
libraries  rn  the  country ;  the  custom-house,  the  post-oflSce, 
masonic  and  Odd-Fellows'  halls,  the  Music  Hall,  the  Boston 
Athenaeum,  with  a  fine  library,  the  Lowell  Institute,  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  (one  of  the  best 
schools  of  industrial  science  in  the  United  States),  the  High 
and  Latin  Schools,  the  Boston  Museum  (a  theatre),  the 
Unitarian  Building,  the  buildings  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society  and  the  New  England  Historic  Genea- 
logical Society,  the  Horticultural  Hall,  the  Roman  Catholic 
cathedral,  the  Boston,  Globe,  Hollis  Street,  Park,  Tremont, 
and  other  theatres,  the  Art  Museum,  the  city  hall,  the 
county  court-house,  the  city  prison,  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  the  Harvard  Medical  School  (a  department 
of  Harvard  University),  the  city  hospital,  the  Carney, 
children's,  women's,  homoeopathic,  lying-in,  St.  Elizabeth's, 
St.  Joseph's,  and  other  hospitals,  institutions  for  the  insane, 
for  the  poor,  for  homeless  children,  and  for  feeble-minded 
youth,  the  Massachusetts  Asylum  for  the  Blind  (South 
Boston),  the  Consumptives'  Home  (Dorchester),  and  more 


than  800  organizations  devoted  to  charity,  relief,  benefi- 
cence, or  mutual  aid.  The  chief  commercial  buildings  are 
the  Exchange,  Ames,  Fiske,  Farlow,  Simmons,  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  Equitable,  John  Hancock,  Globe,  Hathaway, 
Mason,  Boylston,  American  Bell  Telephone,  Quincy  Market. 
Some  of  the  public  charity  institutions  occupy  buildings 
situated  on  islands  in  the  harbor.  Many  of  the  charitable 
institutions  work  in  conjunction  in  a  league  called  the  Asso- 
ciated Charities.  Several  of  the  railroad  stations  are  costly 
buildings,  that  of  the  Old  Colony  (Providence  division)  being 
one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  complete  structures  of  the 
kind  in  the  country.  There  are  several  valuable  legal, 
theological,  and  other  libraries  owned  by  private  societies. 
The  custom-house,  masonic  hall.  United  States  court-house 
and  post-office  (under  one  roof),  Ac,  are  strong  buildings. 
The  city  has  several  beautiful  public  squares,  and  these  in 
some  instances  are  adorned  with  statuary,  fountains,  or 
monumental  works.  There  are  about  260  churches  and 
chapels  in  the  city,  of  which  29  are  Baptist,  45  Congrega- 
tionalist,  28  Unitarian,  29  Episcoprjian,  31  Methodist,  an^ 
35  Roman  Catholic.  Several  of  the  churches  are  architB'' 
turally  attractive  and  noteworthy.  Among  the  most  con- 
spicuous churches  are  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  the 
First  Unitarian,  the  Arlington  Street,  the  Park  Street, 
Central  church,  the  New  Old  South,  Trinity  church,  the 
First  Baptist,  the  Tremont  Street  Methodist,  and  Union 
church.  Boston  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop 
and  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of  Massachusetts. 
The  public  school  system  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
elaborate  to  be  found  anywhere.  It  embraces  institutions 
of  every  grade,  from  the  primary  to  the  high,  normal,  and 
Latin  schools.  There  are  11  public  normal,  Latin,  and  high 
schools,  55  grammar-schools,  and  over  500  schools  of  lesser 
grade,  employing  in  all  1600  teachers.  Special  attention  is 
given  to  art  studies  in  the  public  schools.  The  private 
and  parish  schools  of  the  city  are  also  many.  Boston  Col- 
lege (Catholic),  Boston  University  (Methodist,  and  organ- 
ized upon  a  novel  plan),  the  Harvard  Medical  School 
(which,  with  other  professional  schools,  is  affiliated  to 
Harvard  University),  the  homoeopathic  college,  and  law, 
divinity,  and  music  schools  (all  connected  with  Boston 
University),  are  also  here.  Charlestown  is  the  seat  of  a 
large  United  States  navy-yard.  Boston  has  many  manu- 
factories of  various  kinds  of  goods,  such  as  machinery,  fur- 
niture, fertilizers,  farm-implements,  boots  and  shoes,  type, 
chemicals,  musical  instroments,  and  the  like,  but  it  is  as  a 
trade  and  money  centre  that  she  won  and  has  maintained 
her  eminence.  The  shoe  and  leather,  wool,  fish,  ice  (origi- 
nating here),  and  domestic  dry-goods  trades,  and  the  refining 
of  sugar,  are  leading  interests.  Her  commerce  with  India, 
China,  and  the  East,  though  less  important  than  before 
1861,  is  still  extensive.  The  harbor  is  excellent,  and  the 
wharves,  warehouses,  and  other  shipping  facilities  are  not 
surpassed.  Steamers  ply  hence  to  Europe  and  to  the  prin- 
cipal ports  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Boston  has  a 
large  trade  with  the  West  Indies  and  with  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick,  and  the  coast-wise  traffic  is  important. 
The  aggregate  value  of  the  imports  in  1 89.3-94  was  S50,770,- 
081:  the  exports,  $86,124,533.  The  inner  harbor  is  com- 
pletely sheltered,  not  difficult  of  access,  and  seldom  encum- 
bered with  ice,  while  systematic  measures  since  1843  have 
been  carried  out,  to  prevent  the  interruption  of  navigation 
by  ice.  Several  large  works  have  been  constructed  for  its 
defence.  Forts  Independence,  Warren,  and  Winthrop  being 
of  ancient  importance.  The  channel  is  well  lighted,  the 
celebrated  structure  on  Minot's  Ledge  being  the  outermost 
and  highest  of  its  4  light-houses.  The  operations  for  the 
preservation  and  improvement  of  the  harbor,  which  have 
been  in  part  carried  on  at  the  expense  of  the  state  and  the 
city,  and  in  part  by  the  United  States  authorities,  comprise 
sea-walls  on  the  E.  fronts  of  the  islands  in  the  harbor  (upon 
which  the  sea  had  made  great  inroads),  and  dredging  in 
the  approaches  to  the  port,  and  in  the  harbor  itself.  The 
harbor  has  a  minimum  depth  of  23  feet  above  mean  low 
tide,  and  certain  flats  on  its  borders  have  been  filled.  The 
harbor  covers  75  square  miles,  and  has  several  arms,  such 
as  South  Bay,  Dorchester  Bay,  and  Back  Bay,  the  last  of 
which  is  an  expansion  of  Charles  River,  the  principal 
stream  flowing  into  the  harbor.  The  Mystic  and  Nepon- 
set Rivers  also  flow  into  the  harbor.  The  insular  suburb  of 
East  Boston  has  extensive  manufactories,  but  is  especially 
important  for  its  docks,  wharves,  and  elevators. 

The  water-supply  is  abundant,  and  comes  chiefly  from 
Coohituate  and  Mystic  Lakes  by  aqueducts,  without  pump- 
ing, except  in  the  works  for  distribution ;  and  an  additional 
supply  is  taken  from  Sudbury  River.  The  smaller  reser- 
voirs and  works  connected  with  the  water-supply  are  in  the 


BOS 


687 


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southwesterly  suburbs,  but  the  larger  works  are  without 
the  city  limits.  Boston  has  60  national  banks,  with 
$54,600,000  in  capital  stock,  15  savings-banks,  a  clearing- 
house, a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  stock  board,  &o.  Many 
of  the  banks  and  insurance  companies  occupy  buildings  of 
great  elegance.  Boston  is  the  head-quarters  of  numerous 
railroad  and  other  industrial  corporations,  operating,  in 
many  cases,  in  far-distant  regions.  The  original  peninsula 
is  believed  to  have  been  first  settled  by  white  men  in  1623, 
but  the  true  beginning  of  the  town  dates  from  the  coming 
of  John  Winthrop  with  the  Massachusetts  charter  in  1630, 
when  one  of  the  first  orders  of  the  new  government  was 
to  change  the  name  Trimountain  to  Boston,  in  recognition 
of  the  relation  sustained  by  some  of  the  principal  settlers 
with  the  town  of  that  name  in  Lincolnshire,  England. 
This  town  early  became  the  seat  of  a  large  and  profitable 
commerce,  and  took  an  active'part  in  the  events  which  led 
to  the  war  of  independence. 

Prominent  events  in  its  history  have  been  the  expulsion 
of  the  royal  governor,  1689;  the  witchcraft  troubles,  1692  j 
the  great  fires  of  1676,  1679,  and  1711;  the  Boston  massa- 
ore,  1770 ;  the  destruction  of  the  tea  in  Boston  harbor, 
1773,  and  the  consequent  passage  of  the  Boston  Port  bill 
by  the  British  parliament;  the  siege  of  Boston  by  the 
provincials,  1775-76 ;  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  within  the 
present  city  limits,  1775 ;  the  granting  of  the  city  charter, 
1822 ;  the  absorption  of  the  surrounding  towns  and  cities 
l>y  annexation  in  1868  and  later ;  and  the  great  fire  of  1872. 

The  city  has  long  been  noted  for  the  interest  taken  by 
its  citizens  in  literature,  science,  and  art,  and  in  questions 
of  social  and  humanitarian  bearing.  There  are  numerous 
literary,  educational,  scientific,  historical,  commercial,  and 
art  associations,  many  of  them  incorporated  and  endowed. 
There  are  also  a  great  many  social,  literary,  and  political 
olubs, — to  which  new  organizations  are  constantly  being 
added.  The  number  of  newspapers  and  periodicals  here 
published  is  about  360,  of  which  9  are  issued  daily  and  the 
remainder  weekly,  monthly,  or  quarterly.  It  is  the  seat  of 
several  large  book-publishing  and  printing  establishments. 
The  great  fire  of  1872,  which  covered  about  65  acres  and 
destroyed  property  valued  at  over  $80,000,000,  led  to  great 
changes  in  the  straightening  and  widening  of  streets ;  and 
the  burnt  district  has  been  rebuilt  in  greatly  improved 
style.  Under  the  laws  of  Massachusetts  Boston  is  governed 
by  a  mayor,  with  full  executive  power,  a  city  council  of  two 
l>ranches,  with  legislative  power,  and  a  school  committee, 
All  elected  by  the  people.  Bacon's  "  Dictionary  of  Boston" 
and  the  "  Memorial  History  of  Boston"  are  accurate  works 
of  reference. 

Few  American  cities  have  suburbs  with  finer  natural 
advantages ;  and  most  of  the  suburban  towns  are  hand- 
somely and  substantially  built,  with  pleasant  and  well- 
shaded  streets.  The  cemeteries  of  Mount  Auburn  and 
Forest  Hills  are  near  the  city,  and  are  noted  for  their  beauty 
and  extent.  The  outer  harbor  is  filled  with  islands,  and 
the  coast  of  the  mainland  near  the  city  is  gently  elevated 
and  rooky,  with  many  picturesque  localities,  much  resorted 
to  in  summer. 

The  population  of  Boston  in  1790  was  18,320 ;  in  1800, 
24,937;  in  1810,  33,787;  in  1820,  43,298;  in  1830,  61,392; 
in  1840,  93,383;  in  1850,  136,881;  in  1860,  177,840;  in 
1870,  250,526;  in  1880,  362,839  (the  gain  having  been  in 
part  due  to  the  annexation  of  aii^acent  suburbs),  and  in 
1890,  448,477. 

Boston,  a  township  of  lona  oo.,  Mioh.  Pop.  1893.  It 
oontains  Saranac. 

Boston,  a  post- village  uf  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Boston  town- 
ship, in  a  narrow  vailey,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  saw-,  planing-,  and 
oider-mills,  2  public  schools,  and  a  manufactory  of  cow- 
bells.    Pop.  1278. 

Boston,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  E. 
of  Zanesville. 

Boston,  Clermont  co.,  0.     See  Owensyille. 

Boston,  a  post-village  of  Boston  township,  Summit  co., 
0.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Akron.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cuyahoga  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory  and  several  stores.     Pop.  1142. 

Boston,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in  Eliza- 
beth township,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  on  the 
Toughiogheny  River,  opposite  Ellrod  Station  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  manufactures  of  brick.     Pop.  about  400. 

Boston,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1913. 

Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn.,  26 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 

Boston,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Bowie  oo.,  Texas, 


about  10  milee  S.  of  Red  River,  and  80  milee  N.N.W.  of 
Shreveport,  La.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  273. 

Boston,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Ya.,  10  miles  from 
Culpeper. 

Boston,  a  village  and  station  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Dan  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville.  A  line  of  boats  connects  it  with 
Clarksville.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  South  Boston 
Depot. 

Bos'ton,  a  post- village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on  Bos- 
ton Creek,  11  miles  from  Brantford.     Pop.  100. 

Boston  Centre,  a  village  in  Boston  township,  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  20  miles  S.  of  Bufi"alo.  It  has  a  church,  tannery, 
saw-mills,  &c.     Here  is  Patchin  Post-Office. 

Boston  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ancram  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
100  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  also  on  the  Poughkeepsie 
&  Eastern  and  Rhinebeck  <fc  Connecticut  Railroads,  37  milee 
N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Boston  Highlands,  Massachusetts.  See  Roxbcrt, 
and  Boston. 

Bosto'nia  Junc'tion,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail  • 
road,  83  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  at  the  junction  of  two 
short  branches  with  the  main  line. 

Boston  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Spring  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Brownsville  Railroad  Station 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-tools. 

Bostonnais,  bosH6n^nd,',  also  called  Bastonnais, 
bisHin^ni',  and  Croche,  kr6sh,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises 
in  the  co.  of  Quebec,  and,  after  a  W.S.W.  course  of  over  60 
miles,  joins  the  river  St.  Maurice.  It  has  many  rapids  and 
falls.  The  Little  Bostonnais  (Fr.  Petite  Bivihe  Boston- 
nais, p§h-teet'  reVee-aiR'  bosHon^ni')  rises  in  the  co.  of 
Portneuf,  Quebec,  and,  after  a  generally  W.  course  of  40 
miles  through  several  lakes,  joins  the  St.  Maurice  a  few 
miles  S.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Bostonnais. 

Boston  Ravine,  a  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
in  Grass  Valley  township,  i  mile  from  Grass  Valley  Station. 
It  has  a  rich  quartz-mine  of  gold. 

Boston  Station,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Cov- 
ington. 

Boston  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Bostra,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Bozrah. 

Bost's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  8 
miles  from  Concord.     Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bosville,  b6Veer,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6ri- 
eure,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Cany.     Pop.  1150. 

Boswell,  bSz'well,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Ind., 
in  Grant  township,  on  the  rajlroad  between  Lafayette  and 
Bloomington,  111.,  29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lafayette.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Bos'wortli,  or  Mar'ket  Bos'worth,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, near  the  Ashby  Canal,  Hi  miles  W.  of  Leicester. 
It  has  manufactures  of  straw  goods  and  worsted  stoclcings. 
About  2  miles  S.  of  Bos  worth,  on  the  22d  of  August,  1485, 
was  fought  the  battle  of  Bosworth  Field,  which  terminated 
the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  with  the  life  of  Richard  III. 
Pop.  949. 

Bos'worth,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  in  the 
midst  of  a  rich  prairie  country,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Carrollton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  600. 

Boswyl,  bos'^eel,  or  Boswell,  bos'^il,  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Muri.  Pop. 
1230.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Boszormeny,  bo'soR^min',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bihar,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  3000. 

Boszormeny,  or  Hajdu-Boszbrmeny,  h&'ee-doo'- 
bo-soR^min',  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  Haiduck 
district,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Debreczin.  It  has  Protestant 
and  United  Greek  churches.     Pop.  17,400. 

Botafogo,  bo-ti-fo'go,  a  village  of  Brazil,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  com- 
municating with  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro.  This  village 
is  composed  of  fine  country-houses  and  hotels,  ranged  in  a 
semicircle  round  the  margin  of  the  bay. 

Botal'lack  Mine,  a  locality  of  England,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Cornwall,  7  miles  W.  of  Penzance.  Here  is  a  noted 
mine  of  tin  and  copper,  extending  far  under  the  sea;  and 
the  place  is  much  visited  by  tourists  on  account  of  the  re- 
markable scenery  of  the  coiist. 

Botany  (bot'a-ne)  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, New  South  Wales.  5  miles  S.  of  Sydney.     Lat.  3^" 


BOT 


688 


BOU 


6.;  Ion.  151°  15'  E.  It  is  1  mile  wide  at  its  entrance,  but 
farther  inland  the  breadth  is  3  miles ;  length,  5  miles,  with 
good  anchorage  in  from  4  to  7  fathoms  water.  It  was  dis- 
covered by  Captain  Cook  in  1770,  and  derived  its  name 
from  the  new  plants  then  observed  on  its  shores.  It  gave 
name  to  an  English  penal  colony,  the  germ  of  the  present 
New  South  Wales. 

Botch'aroff  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  Alaska.  Its  waters 
flow  westward  into  Bristol  Bay. 

Botchka,  botch'kd,,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 

Choruk,  N.  of  Artveen,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Batoom.  P.  1600. 

Botel  Tobago,  bo-tel'  to-bi'go,  an  island  in  the  China 

Sea,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Formosa.     Lat.  22°  N. ;  Ion.  121°  40' 

E.     South  of  it  is  the  island  Little  Botel. 

Botesdale,  bots'dile,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Suf- 
folk, 7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eye.     Pop.  679. 

Botetourt,  bot'e-tort,  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  James 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Craig's  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  by  mountain-ridges  and  fertile  valleys.  The 
Peaks  of  Otter,  two  summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  are  on 
the  S.E.  border  of  this  county.  •>  Wheat  and  Indian  com  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  The  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A 
Ohio  Railroad  passes  through  the  S.  part.  Capital,  Finoas- 
tle.     Pop.  in  1870,  11,329;  in  1880,  14,809. 

Both'ell,  a  post-town  of  King  CO.,  Wash.,  on  tb^  Seattle, 
Lake  Shore  <fc  Eastern  Railway,  22  miles  from  Seattle.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  shingles, 
brick,  and  tile.     Pop.  500. 

Bothnang,  bot'n&ng,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  1  mile 
W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1725. 

Both'nia  (Sw.  Botten,  bot't^n),  a  country  of  Northern 
Europe,  N.  and  W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  formerly  belong- 
ing entirely  to  Sweden,  but  now  divided  into  Russian  Both- 
nia, E.  of  the  TomeA,  comprised  in  Finland,  and  Swedish 

Bothnia.     See  Westerbotten   and   Nokbbottbn. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Bothnian,  both'ne-an. 

Both'well,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark,  on  the 
Clyde,  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  situated  in  Both- 
well  parish,  where  are  extensive  collieries  and  iron-works, 
with  freestone-quarries,  the  remains  of  Bothwell  Castle, 
Bothwell  Bridge,  the  scene  of  an  action  between  the  Cov- 
enanters and  royal  forces  in  1679,  and  a  church  with  a 
tower  120  feet  high.     Pop.  1209. 

Both 'well ,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ontario,  boanded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Erie  and  on  the  W.  by  Lake  St.  Clair. 
Area,  577  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Great  West- 
ern and  Canada  Southern  Railways,  and  is  famed  for  its 
oil-wells.     Chief  town,  Bothwell.     Pop.  20,701. 

Bothwell,  a  village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Thames,  42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  London.  It  is  in 
the  centre  of  the  oil  region,  and  contains  oil-refineries,  saw- 
mills, a  woollen-factory,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  and  has 
2  weekly  newspapers,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  995. 

Bothwell,  a  small  village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  30  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  100. 

Bot'kins,  a  post- village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  in  Dinsmore 
township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  S. 
of  Wapakoneta,  and  52  miles  N.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bot'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  oo.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Bardstown.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Botoschani,  or  Botonschany.    See  Botuschant. 

Bots'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Bottineau,  botH§h-no',  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Bot- 
tineau CO.,  N.D.,  99  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Devil's  Lake. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  a  high  school, 
and  2  newspaper  oflaces.  It  is  near  the  Turtle  Mountains, 
and  in  its  vicinity  are  numerous  lakes  and  streams.  Pop. 
about  260. 

Botts'ford,  a  hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  6a.,  13  miles  W. 
of  Americus. 

Botts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  from  Ligonier.     It  has  2  churches. 

Botuschany,  or  Botooschani,  bo  -  too  -  shi'nee, 
written  also  Botonschany,  a  town  of  Roumania,  59 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Yassy.  It  carries  on  a  consider- 
able trade  with  Germany  in  wine,  cattle,  wool,  honey,  wax, 
and  tobacco.     Pop.  39,941. 

Botzen,  or  Bozen,  bot's^n  (It.  Bolzano,  bol-z&'no), 
a  town  of  Austria,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Talfer  and  the 
Eisach,  35  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Trent.  It  is  built  in  the 
Italian  style,  and  has  a  gymnasium ;  it  is  protected  from 
inundations  by  a  strong  dike  2  miles  in  length.  Its  inhab- 
itants manufacture  linen  and  silk  fabrics,  silk  twist,  hosiery, 
leather,  &c. ;  they  carry  on  an  active  transit  trade.     Near 


it  is  the  castle  of  Tyrol,  which  gave  its  name  to  the  district. 
Botzen  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Romai» 
Pons  Drusi.     Pop.  9537. 

Botzlingen,  bots'ling-^n,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland,, 
canton  of  Uri,  on  the  Reuss,  3  miles  S.  of  Altorf,  and  the 
place  of  the  annual  cantonal  assembly. 

Bouafle,  boo-ifl'  or  bwifl,  a  village  of  France,  ii> 
Seine-et-Oise,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  942. 

Bouaye*  boo-i'  or  bwi,  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1397. 

Bone,  or  Port  de  Bone,  poR  d^h  book  {oo  as  in- 
moon),  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rhdne,  at  the 
S.E.  terminus  of  the  canal  extending  from  Aries  to  the 
Mediterranean.     Pop.  700. 

Bouc^,  boo^si',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ome,^ 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  1250. 

Bonchain,  boo^sh&N"',  a'  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  oi> 
the  Scheldt,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  1604. 

Bouchemaine,  boosh^m&n',  a  village  of  France,. 
Maine-et-Loire,  where  the  Maine  joins  the  Loire.    P.  1200, 

Bou'cher,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  20 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Greensburg,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  Lig- 
onier. It  has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  a  grist-mill,  & 
cider-press,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Boncherville,  ooo^shairVeel',  a  village  in  Chambly 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9' 
miles  below  Montreal.     Pop.  767. 

Bonches-du-Rhdne,  boosh-dii-ron'  (t.e.,  "mouth? 
of  the  Rhone"),  a  department  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  a  part 
of  Provence.  Area,  2195  square  miles.  The  chief  riv.era 
and  canals  are  the  Rhone,  which  separates  into  severa> 
branches  between  Aries  and  the  sea,  forming  a  delta  called 
He  de  la  Camargne;  the  Durance,  affluent  of  the  Rhone; 
the  navigable  canal  of  Aries  and  Bono,  the  canal  from  the 
Durance  to  Marseilles,  and  the  canal  of  Craponne;  the 
principal  marshes  are  the  Etanga  de  Berre  and  de  Valcares, 
There  are  numerous  small  islands,  the  chief  of  which  are 
Pom^gue  and  Ratoneau,  opposite  Marseilles.  Climate  dry 
and  warm ;  surface  interspersed  with  mountains,  and  bor- 
dered S.  by  marshes,  which  are  generally  drained,  and  very 
fertile  in  some  parts.  The  plain  of  Crau,  stony  and  sterile, 
extends  S.W.  to  the  left  of  the  Delta.  Wine  is  exported^ 
and  silk,  almonds,  olives,  figs,  and  dried  grapes  are  im- 
portant products.  Cattle,  horses,  and  sheep  are  extensively 
raised,  and  the  tunny-fishery  is  considerable.  The  depart- 
ment contains  marble-quarries,  coal-mines,  salt  marshes^ 
and  mineral  waters,  and  has  an  active  export  and  import 
trade.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  olive  oil,  chemical 
products,  perfumes,  and  brandy  ,*  and  sugar-  and  sulphur- 
refineries.     Capital,  Marseilles.     Pop.  (1891)  630,622. 

BoncHES,  boosh,  was  the  prefix  to  the  names  of  sevei-al 
departments  of  the  French  Empire  under  Napoleon,  viz. : 

BoucHES  DE  l'Elbe,  boosh  d^h  151b  ("mouths  of  the 
Elbe"),  composing  the  territory  of  Hamburg,  with  pans  of 
Luxemburg,  Holstein,  Hanover,  and  Brunswick.  Capital,. 
Hamburg. 

BoucHES  DE  l'Escaut,  boosh  d^h  Ifis^ko'  ("mouths  of 
the  Scheldt"),  included  the  province  of  Zealand.  Capital,. 
Middelburg. 

BoucHES  DE  l'Yssel,  boosh  d?h  lis^sAl'  ("mouths  of  the 
Yssel"),  included  the  province  of  Overyssel.  Capital, 
Zwolle. 

BoncHES  DU  Rhik,  boosh  du  r4N»  ("mouths  of  the 
Rhine"),  included  the  eastern  part  of  Dutch  Brabant. 
Capital,  Bois-le-Duc. 

BoucHES  DU  Weser,  boosh  dii  vi^zaiR'  ("  mouths  of  th» 
Weser"),  included  the  territory  of  Bremen,  and  parts  of 
Oldenburg  and  Hanover.     Capital,  Bremen. 

Bonckville,  bSwk'vil,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.. 
N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  Canal,  and  the  Utica  Branch  of  the 
New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  22  mile* 
S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church,  a  large  cider-mill,  Ac. 

Boudjnourd,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Boojnoord. 

Bondreau  (booMro')  or  Beandreau  (boMro')  Vil- 
lage, a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick,^ 
on  the  Petitcodiac,  11  miles  from  Memramcook.     Pop.  100. 

Boudronm,  Asia  Minor.    See  Boodroom. 

Boudry,  boo^dree',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Neufchatel,  on  Lake  Neufchatel.     Pop.  1683. 

Bon§,  boo-i',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,. 
arrondissement  of  Vervins,  near  Nouvion.     Pop.  1257. 

Bonfarik,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Boofareek. 

Bonffionlx,  boorfe-oo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  4  miles  E.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  2009. 

Boug,  a  river  of  Poland.    See  Bug. 

Bougainville,  boo^g&N<»Veer,  a  bay  of  Patagonia,  ii 
the  Strait  of  Magellan.     Lat.  53°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  7°  13'  W. 


BOD 


689 


BOU 


Bougainville  Island,  Solomon  group,  in  the  Pacific, 

between  hit.  5°  30'  and  7°  2'  S.,  and  about  Ion.  155°  E. 

Bougainville  Strait,  between  the  islands  of  Espiritu 
Santo  and  MallicoUo,  New  Hebrides. 

Bougere,  boo^zhain',  a  post-oflBce  of  Concordia  parish, 
La.,  is  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  Bougere's  Landing. 

Boughton,  bSw'tpn,  a  post-ofiBce  and  station  of  Nevada 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  S.W.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Boughton,  a  station  in  Venango  cc.  Pa.,  on  the  Oil 
City  &  Titusville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Titusville. 

Bougiah,  boo^jee'i  {Fr.  Bougie,  boo^zhee';  a.no.  Sal' - 
deef),  written  also  Bugia  and  Boujayah,a  town  of  Al- 
geria, 113  miles  E.  of  Algiers,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name 
in  the  Mediterranean,  with  an  artificial  port.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  oil  and  wax,  and  it  gave  its  name  to  the 
wax  candle  (bougie),  for  the  manufacture  of  which  it  has 
long  been  celebrated.  It  was  in  ancient  times  an  important 
town,  and  has  extensive  ruins.     Pop.  3273. 

Bougival,  boo^zheeVil',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles  N.  of  Versailles.     Pop,  2316. 

Bougoulma,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Boogoolua. 

Bougnenais,  boog^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inf^rieure,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  3709. 

Bouie  (boo'ee)  River,  a  small  stream  of  Mississippi, 
flows  into  Leaf  River  in  Perry  co. 

Bouillante,  boo^yfiNt',  a  town  of  the  French  colony 
of  Guadeloupe,  Antilles  Islands,  on  the  W,  coast,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Basse-Terre.  It  has  a  good  anchorage,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  hot  springs.     Pop.  2863. 

Bouill^-Loret,  bool^yi'  (or  boo^yi')  lo^ri',  a  village 
of  France,  Deux-S6vres,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Thouars.  Pop. 
1210. 

Bouillon,  boory6]so'  or  boo*y6no'  (L,  BuUo'nium),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Luxembourg,  on  the  Semoy, 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Neufch&,teau.  It  was  the  capital  of  the 
duchy  possessed  by  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  the  leader  of  the 
first  crusade.     Pop.  2760. 

Bouin,  boo-&N°'  or  bw&N°,  an  island  off  the  west  coast 
of  France,  department  of  Vendue,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes. 
It  has  salt-works,  and  produces  grain.  The  village  of  Bouin 
has  a  good  port.     Pop.  of  village,  1477 ;  of  commune,  2776. 

BouinsK,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Booinsk. 

Boukhara  and  Boukharie.    See  Bokhara. 

Boukhtarminsk.    See  Bookhtarminsk. 

Bouk'night's  rerry,apost-oflace  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Boukovina,  a  division  of  Austria.     See  Bckowina. 

Boulac,  Boulak,  or  Boulaq.    See  Boolak. 

Boulay,  boo-li'  (Ger.  Bolchen,  bol'Ken),  a  town  of 
Lorraine,  15  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Metz.     Pop.  2492. 

Boulder,  bold'^r,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Colorado, 
has  an  area  of  about  790  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Boulder,  Coal,  and  St.  Vrain  Creeks.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous. Long's  Peak,  one  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  rises 
on  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county.  The  soil  in  some  parts 
is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  oats,  <fec.  Gold  is  found  here 
in  quartz  rock.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore, 
tellurium,  and  roofing-slate.  The  mountains  are  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  This  county  has  also 
rich  mines  of  silver  and  an  abundance  of  good  tertiary 
coal.  Its  capital,  Boulder,  and  the  city  of  Golden,  in  this 
county,  are  connected  with-  Denver  by  branches  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 1939 ;  in  1880,  9723  ; 
in  1890,  14,082. 

Boulder,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  is  on 
Boulder  Creek  at  the  junction  of  several  branches  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway  system,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Denver  and  41  miles  S.  of  Fort  Colling.  It  is  near  the  east 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  range,  and  about  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Long's  Peak.  Rich  mines  of  gold  and  of  lignite  have 
been  opened  near  it.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  flour-mill, 
foundry,  creamfery,  brewery,  planing-mill,  Ac,  and  is  the 
seat  of  the  state  university.  A  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3330. 

Boulder  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal., 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fulton.  It  has  3  churches,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  and  a  newspaper  oflace.     Pop.  about  600. 

Boulder  Creek,  Colorado,  is  formed  by  3  branches, 
the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Boulder,  which  rise  very  near 
Arapaho  Peak,  and  unite  in  Boulder  co.  The  main  stream 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  St.  Vrain  Creek.  Coal  and 
silver  are  found  on  this  creek,  which  is  about  70  miles  long, 
including  one  branch. 

Boulder  or  Bouldir  Island,  one  of  the  Aleutian 
chain,  half-way  between  the  Nearer  and  the  Rat  Islands. 

Boulder  Pass,  Colorado,  a  pass  in  the  main  range  of 


the  Rocky  Mountains,  at  an  elevation  of  11,613  feet.     Lat. 
39°  36'  15"  N.;  Ion.  105°  41'  W. 

Boulder  Valley,  a  post-town  and  mining  centre,  the 
capital  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Montana,  on  2  railroads,  about 
28  miles  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  oflSces.  Pop.  750.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place. 

Bonldin  (bsld'in)  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joa- 
quin CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  San  Joaquin,  20  miles  from  Banta. 

Bonlebani,  boo^le-b&'nee,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital 
of  Bondoo,  near  the  FalemS ;  lat.  14°  20'  N.,  Ion.  12°  24' 
W.     Pop.  3000. 

Boulogne,  boo^l6n'  or  booMoil',  or  Boulogne- snr- 
Mer,  boo^lofi'-silR-maiR  (anc.  Oesori&cum,  afterwards  Bo- 
no'nia),  a  town  of  France,  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  English 
Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lianne,  and  at  the  head  of  the 
railway  from  Amiens  to  Boulogne,  156  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Paris,  and  22  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Calais.  Lat.  50°  44' 
32"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  36'  15"  E.  It  is  divided  into  the  Upper 
and  Lower  towns.  The  first,  on  a  hill,  whence  the  English 
coast  is  distinctly  visible,  is  well,  though  irregularly,  built, 
and  has  a  feudal  citadel  and  ramparts,  a  cathedral,  and  a 
town  hall.  The  Lower,  or  new  town,  stretching  from  the 
Upper  town  to  the  sea,  is  newly  and  regularly  built,  and 
is  more  populous.  It  has  fine  public  baths,  with  ball- 
and  concert-rooms,  a  communal  college,  a  theatre,  a  mu- 
seum, a  hospital,  a  custom-house,  and  barracks.  Boulogne 
has  English  churches,  excellent  hotels,  a  great  number  of 
boarding-schools  (both  French  and  English),  a  school  of 
navigation,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  societies  of  agriculture, 
commerce,  and  arts,  and  is  the  seat  of  important  and  varied 
manufactures.  Steamers  ply  hence  to  Folkestone,  England ; 
and  the  foreign  trade  of  tne  town  is  important.  Its  fisheriet 
are  extensive,  but  the  town  is  mainly  indebted  for  its  pros- 
perity to  its  English  residents.  The  port  is  formed  by  piers 
stretching  out  only  to  low-water  mark,  but  the  tide  rises 
upwards  of  16  feet,  and  ships  find  good  anchorage  about  half 
a  mile  from  the  harbor.  There  is  also  a  wet  dock,  with  other 
harbor  improvements.     Pop.  in  1891,  45,205. 

Boulogne,  booMon',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Haute-Garonne,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2403, 

Boulogne,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine, 
near  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  4^  miles  W.  of  Paris. 
Here  is  a  public  park  called  Bois  de  Boulogne,  which  is  the 
finest  promenade  in  the  environs  of  Paris,  but  which  suf- 
fered greatly  during  the  war  of  1870-71.     Pop.  18,687. 

Bouloire,  booPwaR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  15  miles  B.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2200. 

Boulonnois,  or  Bouionnais,  boo^lon^ni',  a  former 
division  of  France,  in  Picardy,  of  which  the  capital  was 
Boulogne-sur-Mer. 

Boulton,  bol'tpn,  a  station  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  A  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W,  of 
Richmond. 

Boul'ware,  a  township  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.  Pop.  983. 

Boundary,  b6wn'da-r§,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind., 
in  Pike  township,  about  37  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Boundary  Peak,  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in 
the  S.  part  of  Colorado,  has  an  altitude  of  12,840  feet. 

Bound  Brook,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Raritan  River  at  the  junction  of  the  Lehigh  Valley, 
the  New  Jersey  Central,  and  the  New  York  division  of  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railways,  59  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  31  miles  from  New  York.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  fab- 
rics, steam-engines,  paint,  building-paper,  gas-fixtures, 
graphite  lubricators,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  including  suburbs, 
2250. 

Bonndi,  a  state  of  India.     See  Boondeb. 

BoU'Nonra,  boo^noo'ri,  a  town  of  the  Algerian  Sa- 
hara; lat.  32°  28'  N.,  Ion.  2°  E. ;  partly  ruined.     Pop.  500. 

Boun'tiful,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Utah,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  2438. 

Bonn'ty  Islanas,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  South 
Pacific,  S.E.  of  New  Zealand.     Lat.  47°  44'  S. ;  Ion.  90°  W. 

Bouquet,  village  and  river.  New  York.     See  Boquet. 

Bourbeuse  (boor^buz')  Creek,  Missouri,  is  formed 
by  several  branches,  which  drain  parts  of  Maries,  Phelps, 
and  Gasconade  cos.  The  main  stream  is  mostly  in  Frank- 
lin county,  in  which  it  runs  with  a  very  tortuous  course, 
and  enters  the  Maramec  River  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Union. 
It  affords  much  water-power. 

Bourbon,  boor'bpn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  637  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Marmiton  and  Little  Osage  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     It  contains 


BOU 


690 


BOU 


«xtensive  prairies,  with  groves  of  timber  distributed  along 
the  streams.  The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  and  oats.  Valuable  beds  of  bituminous  coal  have 
been  opened  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas,  Missouri  Pacific,  and  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad  systems.  The  county 
has  a  good  quality  of  limestone,  and  an  excellent  quality  of 
sandstone  adapted  to  paving  purposes.  Mineral  paint, 
cement,  and  fire-clay  are  also  found  in  large  quantities. 
Capital,  Fort  Scott.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,076  j  in  1880,  ia,591 ; 
in  1890,  28,575. 

Bourbon,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  244  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  South  Licking  River  and  Hinkston  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  is  based  on 
fine  Silurian  limestone.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  horses,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  country  is  part  of  the 
fio-called  "  Garden  of  Kentucky,"  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and  Maysville  and  Lexington 
Railroad,  Capital,  Paris.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,863;  in  1880, 
15,956;  in  1890,  16,976. 

Bourbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Areola.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  125. 

Bourbon,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  95  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Chicago,  and  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.*  It  con- 
tains 4  church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
aaw-mill,  Salem  College  (Baptist),  which  was  founded  in 
1870,  and  a  newspaper  ofiSce.  It  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, furniture,  and  lumber,  and  exports  large  quantities 
of  butter,  eggs,  &o.     Pop.  1064. 

Bourbon,  a  township  of  Boone  co,.  Mo.    Pop.  2384. 
Bourbon,  a  township  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1690. 
Bourbon,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  78  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It 
aas  a  church. 
Bourbon,  Isle  of.    See  Reunion. 
Bourbon-Lancy,  booR^b6Na'-16N<>^see',a  town,  France, 
in  Saone-et-Loire,  26  miles  W.N.AV.  of  CharoUes.   Pop.  3203. 
Bonrbon-l'Archambault,  booR^b6N»'-laR'8h6M'bo', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Allier,  13  miles  W.  of  Moulins.    It  was 
capital  of  the  seigniory  of  Bourbon,  from  the  lords  of  which 
originated  the  royal  families  of  that  name.     Pop.  3724. 

Bourbonnais,  booR^bon^ni',  an  old  province  in  the 
centre  of  France,  now  forming  the  department  of  Allier  and 
a  part  of  Cher.     Its  capital  was  Moulins. 

Bourbonnais,  boor^bon^na',  a  township  of  Kankakee 
CO.,  111.     Pop.  2068. 

Bourbonnais  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee 
CO.,  111.,  2^  miles  from  Kankakee,  is  the  seat  of  the  college 
of  St.  Viateur,  of  a  convent,  and  of  large  Catholic  schools. 
It  has  a  church. 

Bourbonne-les-Bains,    booR^bonn'-li-biN»    (anc. 
A'qute  Borvo'nia),  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  24 
miles  E.N.B,  of  Langres,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Borne  and 
Apance.     It  has  some  fine  promenades  and  fountains,  and 
magnificent  establishments  connected  with  its  saline  hot 
springs,  numerous  public  baths  and  saloons,  and  a  vast  mili- 
tary hospital.     Pop,  4185. 
Bourbon-Vendee.    See  La-Roche-sur-Yon. 
Bourbourg-Campagne,  booR'booR'-kiM'pin',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  1  mile  W.  of  Bourbourg-Ville.     Pop.  2492. 
Bourbourg-Ville,  booR'booRVeel',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Nord,  on  a  railway,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Dun- 
kirk.    Pop.  2431. 

Bourbriac,  booR^bre-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  C&tes 
du  Nord,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  4454. 
Bourdeaux,  a  city  of  France.    See  Bordeaux. 
Bourdeaux,  booR'do',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Dr&me,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1262. 

Bourdeilles,  booR'di'y^h  or  booR^il',  a  town  of 

France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the  Dronne,  16  miles  N.E.  of 

P6rigueux.     Pop.  1404. 

Bour^doin',  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  316. 

Bou-Regreb,  a  river  of  Morocco.     See  Boo-Regreb, 

Bourgachard,  booR^gi^shaR',  a  town  of  France,  in 

Eure,  13  miles  E.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  1198. 

Bourganenf,  booR^gS,'nuf',  a  town  of  France,  in  Creuse, 
20  miles  W.  of  Aubusson,  on  the  Thaurion.     Pop.  3549. 

Bourg-Argental,    booRg^-aR'zhiNoHil',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loire,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  3411. 
Bourgas,  Eastern  Roumelia.    See  Boorghas. 
Bourg-Dieu,  a  town  of  France.     See  Deols. 
Bourg-d'Oysans,  booR'-dwi^z&Na',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Isere,  on  the  Romanche,  18   miles  S.E.  of  Grenoble. 
Pop.  2773. 

Bourg-du-P6age,booR'-dii-pi*3,zh',  a  town,  France, 


in  Dr6me,  on  the  IsSre,  opposite  Romans,  with  dye-work« 
and  manufactures  of  silks.     Pop.  4903. 

Bourg-en-Bresse,  booRg'-6N°'-brJss',  a  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Ain,  25  miles  E.S.E. 
of  M^con,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railways.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  a  normal  school,  a  monument  in  honor  of 
Joubert,  a  hospital,  a  church  founded  by  Margaret  of  Aus- 
tria and  containing  her  tomb,  a  library  of  25,000  volumes, 
a  botanic  garden,  and  a  fine  monument  to  Biohat  by  David 
d'Angers.     It  has  considerable  commerce.     Pop.  12,015. 

Bourges,  booRzh  (anc.  Avar'icum,  afterwards  Bitur'- 
igea),  a  city  in  the  centre  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Cher,  144  miles  S.  of  Paris,  on  the  Canal  du  Berry, 
and  on  the  Railway  du  Centre,  at  the  junction  of  the  Auron, 
the  YSvre,  the  Langis,  and  the  Moulon.  Lat.  47°  4'  59" 
N. ;  Ion.  2°  32'  E.  It  is  a  very  ancient  town.  It  has  a 
college,  a  normal  school,  a  public  library,  a  magnificent 
cathedral  founded  in  the  thirteenth  century  (one  of  the 
finest  structures  in  Europe),  a  noble  h6tel  de  ville,  manu- 
factures of  cloth  and  cutlery,  and  commerce  in  grain,  hemp, 
and  the  porcelain  of  Foecy.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  It 
has  a  large  arsenal,  a  foundry  of  cannon,  and  other  impor 
tant  military  establishments,  designed  to  render  Bourges 
the  arsenal  of  France  and  the  centre  of  national  defence. 
The  city  is  of  high  antiquity.  Six  centuries  before  the 
Christian  era  it  wa^  the  capital  of  Celtic  Gaul.  It  has 
figured  largely  in  history  ever  since  the  days  of  Julius 
Csesar;  but  since  1500  its  relative  importance  has  been 
much  diminished.     Pop.  (1891)  39,053. 

Bourget,  booR'zhi',  or  Ch&tillon,  sha.Hee'y6N»',  a 
lake  of  France,  in  Savoy,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chamb^ry. 
It  is  11  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  width,  and  discharges 
its  waters  into  the  Rhone  by  the  canal  of  Savieres. 

Bourget,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  at  the  S.  extrem- 
ity of  the  above  lake,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chamb^ry,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.     Pop.  1709. 

Bourghas,  E:istern  Roumelia.     See  Boorghas. 

Bourg-la-Reine,  booR^-li^-rain',  a  town  of  France. 
in  Seine,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1831. 

Bourg"Lastic,  booR^-l&s^teek',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D8me,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clermont,     Pop,  1740. 

Bourg-les- Valence,  booR'-li*-v4'16Nss',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Dr3me,  i  mile  N.  of  Valence.     Pop.  3536. 

Bourgneuf-en-Retz,  booR'nur-&N°-rlts,  a  seaport 
town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Nantes.     Pop.  2837. 

Bourgogne.    See  Burgunst. 

Bourgoin,  booR^gwiN°'  (anc,  Bergu'sium),  a  town  of 
France,  in  IsSre,  on  the  Bourbre,  7  miles  W,  of  La-Tour-du- 
Pin.  It  has  manufactures  of  calicoes,  beet-root  sugar,  and 
paper.     Pop,  4850, 

Bourg-St.'And^ol,  booR^-s&Na^-tAN»M&^ol',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Ard^che,  on  the  Rhone,  35  miles 
S,  of  Privas,     Pop.  4332. 

Bourg- St. -Maurice,  booR^-sa,N»^-mo'reece',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Is^re,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Moutiers. 
near  the  Little  St.  IBernard  Pass.     Pop.  2522. 

Bourg-sur-Gironde,  booR'-silR^-zhee^rdNd',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Gironde,  on  the  Dordogne,  14 
miles  N.  of  Bordeaux,     Pop.  2712, 

Bonrgueil,  booR^guI'  (anc,  Burgo'lium),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tours. 
Pop.  3304. 

Bonrgnignon  ("  Bnrgundian").    See  Bubgundt. 

Bourmont,  booR^m6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Marne,  22  miles  E,N,E,  of  Chaumont,     Pop.  872. 

Bournabat,  Asia  Minor.    See  Boornabat. 

Bourne,  bom,  a  post-town  of  Barnstable  co,,  Mass., 
with  a  station  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  17  milea 
W.  of  Barnstable.     Pop.  in  1890,  1442. 

Bourne,  bSm,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  near 
the  Fens,  at  a  railway  junction,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  an  endowed  school, 
a  hospital  and  almshouse,  a  workhouse,  a  bank,  tan-yards, 
and  a  trade  in  wool  and  malt,  facilitated  by  a  canal  to  Boston 
Many  Roman  coins  have  been  found  here.     Pop,  3098. 

Bournemouth,  bom'muth,  a  village  of  England,  co, 
of  Hants,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Christ  Church.  It 
lies  on  the  coast,  and,  having  become  a  place  of  fasliion- 
able  resort  for  bathing,  many  tasteful  villas  have  sprung  up. 

Bourneville,  bom'vil,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co,,  0,, 
in  Twin  township,  on  Paint  Creek,  11  miles  W,S,W.  of 
Chillicothe,  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  208. 

Bourn's  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cloverdale. 

Bouro,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.   See  BooRo. 


I 


BOU 


691 


BOW 


Bonrtange,  bSwn'ting^n^h  or  booR^tftNzV,  a  town  and 
strong  fortress  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  Bourtanger  MorasS) 
31  miles  S.E,  of  Groningen.     Pop.  360. 

Bourtanger  Morass,  bSwR'ting^H^r  (or  booR'ting^r) 
moo-riss',  an  extensive  morass  or  swamp,  upwards  of  40 
miles  in  length,  on  the  confines  of  Germany  and  the  Neth- 
erlands, on  the  Ems. 

Bou  Sada,  boo  s&'di,  a  town  of  Algeria,  lat.  36°  33' 
N.,  Ion.  4°  9'  E.,  in  a  fertile  site,  in  the  midst  of  an  arid 
plain,  among  the  Atlas  Mountains.     Pop.  4269. 

Boussa,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  BoossA. 

Boussac,  boos'sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Crease,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  1011. 

Bonssi^res,  boos*se-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Doubs, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Besanjon.     Pop.  222. 

Boussole  (boo^sol')  Strait  is  the  channel  which  con- 
nects the  Sea  of  Okhotsk  with  the  Pacific,  in  the  centre  of 
the  Kooril  Islands.     Lat.  46°  30'  N, 

Boussu,  boos^sii',  a  town  of  Belgium^rovince  of  Hai- 
naut,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mons,  on  the  Haine.    Pop.  6638. 

Bontan,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bootan. 

Bout  de  I'Isle.    See  Sainte  Anne  Bout  db  l'Isle. 

Bouton,  one  of  the  Malay  Islands.     See  Booton. 

Boutonne,  booHfinn',  a  river  of  France,  in  Deux- 
Sivres  and  Charente-Inf6rieure,  joins  the  Charente,  8  miles 
E.  of  Rochefort,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  65  miles. 

Bontonville,  bow'ton-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester 
«o.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  W.  of  Ridgefield,  Conn. 

Bontte,  boot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  St.  Charles 
parish.  La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  24 
miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Boutwell,  bowt'well,  apost-officeof  Edgefield  co.,  S.C, 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Bonvignes,  booVeefi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  14  miles  S.  of  Namur,  on  the  Mouse.     Pop.  1000. 

Bou  vines,  booVeen',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  590. 

Bouxviller,  the  French  for  Buchswbiler. 

Bouzonville,  a  town  of  Lorraine.     See  Busendorf. 

Bouzonlouk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Boozoolook. 

Bova,  bo'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  province  and 
18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Reggio.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  3438. 

Bovali,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Boali. 

Bovenden,  bo'ven-den,  a  town  of  Hanover,  Prussia,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  1527. 

Boves,  bo'vSs,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles  S. 
of  Coni.     Pop.  3268. 

Boves,  bov,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the  Rail- 
way du  Nord,  4  miles  S.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1828. 

Bo'vey  Tra'cey,  or  South  Bovey,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Chudleigh, 
noted  for  its  lignite-mines  and  its  clay-pits  and  potteries. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2133. 

Bovianum,  the  ancient  name  of  Bojano. 

Bovi'na,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
■\'ick3burg  A  Meridian  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Big 
Black  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  broom-factory,  Ac. 

Buvina,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
S83.  It  contains  the  post-village  of  Bovina  Centre,  which 
is  9  miles  E.  of  Delhi,  and  has  3  churches  and  200  inhabi- 
tants. 

Bo'vine,ahamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka  Creek, 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Bovine,  bo-veen',  or  Big  Brushy,  a  post-village  of 
Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Cuero.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bovine. 

Bovine,  a  stntion  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  117  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brigham  City. 

Bovine  (bo-veen')  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co., 
Tex,,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  8  miles  from  East 
Bernard  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bovino,  bo-vee'no  (anc.  Vibi'num),  a  town  and  bishop's 
see  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Foggia ; 
famous  for  its  brigandage.     Pop.  7088. 

Bovolenta,  bo-vo-15n't4,  a  village  of  Italy,  government 
of  Venice,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Padua.     Pop.  3081. 

Bow,  England.    See  Stratford-le-Bow. 

Bow,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Merrimac  co., 
N.H.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has 
2  churches.  Pop.  745.  Bow  Post-Office  is  5  miles  S.  of 
Concord. 

Bowanee,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhewannee. 

Bow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Bowden's,  b5w'd§nz,  a  post-office  of  Duplin  co,,  N.C., 


on  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad,  58  miles  N,  of 
Wilmington. 

Bowditch  (bfiw'ditch)  Island,  or  Fakaofo,  f&- 
ki-5'f5,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  9°  26'  S.,  Ion.  170" 
12'  W. :  discovered  by  Wilkes's  expedition  in  1841. 

Bowdle,  a  post-village  of  Edmunds  oo.,  S.D.,  57  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  two  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  426. 

Bowdoin,  bo'd^n,  a  township  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me., 
22  miles  S.S.W,  of  Augusta.    It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1345. 

Bowdoin  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  co., 
Me,,  in  Bowdoin  township,  4i  miles  from  Bowdoinham 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school, 

Bowdoinham,  bo'd^n-ham,  a  post- village  of  Saga- 
dahoc CO.,  Me,,  in  Bowdoinham  township,  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad  (Augusta  division),  8  miles  N.  of  Bruns- 
wick, and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Portland,  It  is  nearly  2  miles 
W,  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  an  expansion  of  the  Kennebec 
River,  which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  township.  It 
has  3  or  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  clothing,  and  plaster.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1804. 

Bowdon,  bo'don,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga,,  12 
miles  from  Carrollton,  and  about  60  miles  W,S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  contains  3  churches,  the  Bowdon  College,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop,  350. 

Bowdre,  a  township  of  Douglas  co,.  111,  Pop.  1313. 
It  contains  Hugo. 

Bowen,  bS'^n,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co,,  HI.,  in 
Chili  township,  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa,  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Bowen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  32  miles 
S.W,  of  Dubuque,     It  has  2  churches, 

Bowen,  a  township,  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1467. 

Bowen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Wayne  Court-House. 

Bowen,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.     See  Mill  Point. 

Bowen  Island,  in  British  Columbia,  is  in  the  Golf  of 
Georgia,  at  the  entrance  of  Howe  Sound, 

Bowens,  bo'§nz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Prince  Fredericktown. 

Bowens,  a  station  at  the  hamlet  of  Crosby,  Kent  oo., 
Mich.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Bowen's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
14  miles  S.  of  Oswego. 

Bowen's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Middleville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bowentown,  bo'en-town,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey 
Southern  Railroad,  in  Cumberland  co.,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Bridgeton. 

Bow^enville,  bo'en-vil,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
Ga.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  on  the  Savan- 
nah, Griffin  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Whites- 
burg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  Ac. 

Bowenville,a  station  in  the  city  of  Fall  River,  Mass., 
on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  48  miles  S.  of  Boston,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Fall  River,  Warren  A  Providence  Railroad. 

Bowenville,  a  hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Ya.,  on  the 
Rappahannock  River,  and  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Rail- 
road, 51  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Bower,  b6w'§r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi"erson  co..  Neb., 
about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Bower,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  is  at  Lewis- 
ville,  a  hamlet  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Bow'erbank,  a  plantation,  Piscataquis  co..  Me.   P.  83. 

BoAverhill,  b5w'?r-hir,  a  station  in  Scott  township, 
Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  i  mile  S.  of 
Woodville.     Here  are  mines  of  soft  coal. 

Bower  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.^ 
about  17  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Pittsburg. 

Bowers,  bSw'^rz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville. 

Bowers  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Seaboard  A  Roanoke  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Bower's  Mills,  Lawrence  co..  Mo.    See  Ltons. 

Bower's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co,.  Pa.,  on 
the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  16  miles  N,E,  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  church, 

.  Bowerston,  bCw'^rz-t^n,  a  post-village  of  Harrison 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Columbus  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
of  Steubenville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper, 

Bowersville,  bSw'^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Hart  30., 


BOW 


692 


BOX 


0%.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  stores,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Bowersville,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop,  193, 

Bow'ery  Beach,  a  post-ofBce  and  summer  resort  of 
Cumberland  oo,,  Me.,  on  the  ocean,  7  miles  S,  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  superior  hotel. 

Bow'fell  f  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ambleside,     Elevation,  2911  feet, 

Bowie,  boo'ee,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  920  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N,  by  Red  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Sulphur  Fork 
of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Boston. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4684;  in  1880,  10,965;  in  1890,  20,267.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Texas  and  Pacific  Railroad. 

Bowie,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Pope's  Creek  Branch,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  16 
miles  from  Washington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public 
Bohool.    Pop.  about  300. 

Bowie,  a  oity  of  Montague  oo,,  Tex.,  68  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  W.  of  Port  Worth.  It  has  6  oharohes,  2  newspaper 
ofiSces,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  1500. 

Bowie's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co'.,  N.C. 

Bow  (or  Harp)  Island,  an  island  of  the  Low  Archi- 
pelago, Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  18°  6'  18" 
S. ;  Ion.  140°  51'  15"  W.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  30  miles 
in  length  by  5  miles  in  breath,  and  bow-shaped. 

Bow'lan,  a  township  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  156. 

Bow'land  Forest,  in  England,  cos.  of  York  (West 
Riding)  and  Lancaster,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Clitheroe,  has  an 
area  of  26,700  acres. 

Bowler's  (bS'l^rz)  Wharf,  a  post-office  and  steamboat 
landing  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rappahannock  River, 
about  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Bowles,  bolz,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Bowlesville,  bolz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charlottesville,  and  5  miles  W. 
of  Cobham.     It  has  stores,  &e. 

Bowling,  b5'ling,  a  township  of  Rock  Island  co..  III. 
Pop.  952. 

Bowling  Green,  a  village  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  in 
Bowling  Green  township,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Decatur. 
Pop,  of  the  township,  1097. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Eel  River,  about  24  miles  E. 
by  S.  from  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  flour-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Good  coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  606. 

Bowling  Green,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Barren  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  A  Great 
iSouthern  Railroad,  114  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Louisville,  and 
71  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Nashville.  One  branch  of  the  rail- 
road connects  it  with  Nashville,  and  another  with  Memphis, 
and,  being  at  the  head  of  navigation,  it  is  an  important  ship- 
ping-point. It  contains  a  college,  a  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  a  woollen-factory,  several  mills,  a  foundry,  a  Cath- 
olic academy,  11  churches,  and  gas-works  and  water-works. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  P.  (1890)  7803. 

Bowling  Green,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  1496. 

Bowling  Green,  a  township  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
2467.     It  contains  Smithton. 

BoAVling  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  and  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  & 
Keokuk  Railroads,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Louisiana,  and  32  miles 
5.  by  E.  from  Hannibal.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  public  school,  with  woollen- 
and  flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  and  mineral  springs.  Pop. 
1564. 

Bowling  Green,  a  township  of  Licking  co,,  0,  Pop. 
1042.     It  includes  Brownsville  and  Linnville, 

Bowling  Green,  township,  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  903. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wood  co,, 
0,,  in  Centre  and  Plain  townships,  24  miles  S,  by  W,  from 
Toledo,  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Fremont,  It  is  connected 
with  Tontogany  by  the  Bowling  Green  Railroad.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  a  na- 
tional and  2  private  banks,  a  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers, a  foundry,  machine-works,  and  4  glass- factories. 
Oil  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  this  locality.    Pop,  3467, 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caroline 
«o.   Va.,  is  on  the  Mattapony  River,  and  near  the  Rich- 


mond, Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad  (Milford  Sta- 
tion), 44  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  female  seminary,  graded  public  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  coach-making  establishments. 
Pop.  500. 

Bowlnsville,  b6w'liis-vil,  a  post-village  of  Clark  oo., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Springfield. 

Bowman,  bS'm^n,  a  post-town  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Elberton,  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
high  school.     Pop,  500, 

Bowman's,  a  station  in  Somerset  co,.  Pa,,  43  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Connellsville. 

Bowman's  Blnff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  oo,, 
N,C.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Hendersonville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Bowman's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
is  at  the  village  of  Monroe. 

Bowmansdale,  bo'manz-dil,  a  station  in  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa,,  9  miles  bv  rail  S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Bow^mansville,  bS'manz-vIl,  a  post-village  of  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Lancaster  township,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Bufi"alo,  and  2  miles  from  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  <fec.    Pop.  about  260. 

Bowmansville,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa., 
in  Brecknock  township,  about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bowmanrille,  bo'man-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  Dl., 
in  JeSerson  township,  1  mile  from  Rose  Hill  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  high  school  and  a  brewery. 

Bowmanville,  a  port  of  entry  in  Durham  co.,  On- 
tario, with  an  excellent  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario,  42  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  the  Ontario  bank,  an 
agency  of  the  Royal  Canadian  bank,  and  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute. It  has  3  weekly  newspapers,  several  churches  and 
hotels,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery, 
woollens,  hoop-skirts,  furniture,  carriages,  leather,  boota 
and  shoes,  cabinetware,  Ac.  Pop.  3000.  Its  landing  is  2J 
miles  from  the  town,  and  is  known  as  Port  Darlington. 

Bow  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Bow  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  2i  miles  S.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200, 

Bowmore,  a  village  of  Ontario,     See  Duntroon. 

Bowne,  b6wn,  a  post-township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.   It  has  4  churches.   Pop.  1240, 

Bow^ness',  a  village  of  England,  co,  of  Westmoreland, 
on  Lake  Windermere,  7i  miles  by  rail  W,N,W,  of  Kendal. 
Pop.  1415. 

Bo'wood,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  S,  by  E.  of  Ailsa  Craig,     Pop,  170, 

Bowser,  b6w'z§r,  a  hamlet  in  Licking  township,  Black- 
ford CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Mnncie  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Hartford  City.  It  has  a  heading- 
factory. 

Bow^'town,  a  plantation  of  Somerset  co..  Me.    Pop.  14. 

Bow  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Neb.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Yankton,  South  Dakota.    It  has  a  church. 

Box,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1307. 

Moxberg,  box'bjRG,  a  small  town  of  Baden,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Konigshofen.     Pop.  666. 

Boxborough,  box'bur-ruh,  a  township  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  traversed  by  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  24  miles 
from  Boston.     Pop.  318. 

Box  £l'der,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Utah,  border- 
ing on  Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear  River,  and  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Great  Salt  Lake,  which  extends  into  the 
middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  the  Wahsatch  Mountain  range  extends  along  its  B.  bor- 
der ;  the  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  some  wheat,  barley,  Ac, 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Brigbam  City  (Box  Elder).  Pop.  in  1870,  4866,  of  whom 
2795  were  Americans;  in  1880,  6761;  in  1890,  7642. 

Box  Elder,  a  station  in  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  B.  of  Denver. 

Box  Elder,  Utah,  the  post-office  name  of  Briohau  Citt. 

Box'ford,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Box- 
ford  township,  1  mile  from  Boxford  depot  on  the  Danvers 
&  Newburyport  Railroad,  which  is  28  miles  N.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  2  churches,  3  grist- 
mills, and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  847.     See  West  Boxford. 

Boxford  Station,  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the 
Salem  &  Lawrence  Railroad,  in  North  Andover  township, 
near  the  line  of  Boxford,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Box  Grove,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3i 
miles  from  Markham,  It  has  good  water-power,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Box  Hill,  in  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  2  miles  N.E.  of 


BOX 


693 


BOY 


jrking,  forms  part  of  the  range  of  Northdowns,  and  is 

emarkable  for  a  flourishing  wood  of  box-trees. 

Box'ley,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Adams 

Dwuship,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis. 

Boxmeer,  box^main',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
forth  Brabant,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duo,  near  the 
B.     Pop.  2082. 

Box  Spring,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Talbot  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Co- 
lumbus.    It  has  a  church. 

Box  Springs,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Boxtel,  box't?!,  a  village  and  railway  junction  of  the 
Netherlands,  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel,  6  miles  S.  of 
Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  4788. 

Box'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ey.,  14  miles 
from  Sebree.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Boyac^,  bo-y&^k&',  a  department  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  bounded  E.  by  Venezuela,  and  traversed  by  the 
Andes.  Area,  36,000  square  miles.  Its  eastern  part  is 
level.  The  best  emeralds  are  obtained  at  Muso,  in  this 
state.     Capital,  Tunja.     Pop.  in  1881,  702,000. 

Boyac^,  a  village  of  the  department  of  Boyac^,  Co- 
lombia, 6  miles  S.  of  Tunja,  celebrated  for  the  victory 
gained  by  Bolivar  over  the  Spaniards,  7th  August,  1819, 
which  secured  the  independence  of  Colombia. 

Boyana,  ho-yk'ni,  a  bay  and  town  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Madagascar,  about  70  miles  E.  of  Cape  St.  Andrew. 

Boyce,  boiss,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Chattanooga. 

Boyce's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Char- 
tiers  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Boyd,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  180  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  B.  by  the  Big  Sandy  River. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Lexington  A  Big  Sandy  Railroad. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Beds 
of  coal  are  found  here.  Capital,  Catlettsburg.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8573;  in  1880,  12,165;  in  1890, 14,033. 

Boyd,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ey.,  on  the  Een- 
tucky  Central  Railroad,  51  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Cincinnati, 
0.     It  has  a  church,  2  general  stores,  Ac. 

Boyd,  a  post- village  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  18  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  500. 

Boyd,  a  township  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  448. 

Boy'den,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  34  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Canton,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Sheldon.  It  has 
3  church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  tow-mill.     Pop.  277. 

Boyd  Farm,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Oil  City  to  Titusville,  8  miles  N.  of  Oil  City. 

Boyd  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  on 
a  small  lake,  and  oh  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  16 
miles  E.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  an  excelsior- 
factory. 

Boyd's,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Boyd's,  a  station  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  &  Wilkes- 
barre  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Danville,  Pa. 

Boyd's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  French  Broad  River,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Enoxville. 
It  has  a  church. 

Boyd's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Boyd's  Mills,  Ohio.     See  Avondalb. 

Boyd's  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  31  miles 
E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  lime-kiln. 

Boyd's  Tavern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charlottesville. 

Boyds'ville,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Clay 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Rector,  and  about  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Corning,  its  nearest  railroad  station.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stove-factories,  2  cotton-gins,  and  2  grist-mills. 
Pop.  100.  6,6 

Boydsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ey.,  20  miles 
from  Mayfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Boydsville,  a  village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  18  miles 
B.  of  Dresden. 

Boyd'ton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
Va.,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
the  Roanoke  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a  female  college,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  coach-factory,  and  a  tobaooo- 
'«rttorv.     Pop.  about  800. 


Boyd'town,  a  port  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  on 
Twofold  Bay,  a  harbor  of  refuge,  about  lat.  37"  6'  8.,  Im 
149°  58'  E. 

Boy'er,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  224. 

Boyer,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  674. 

Boyer,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Littlestowo 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Boyer  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Sac  co.,  runs  southwest- 
ward  through  Crawford  and  Harrison  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  20  miles  above  Council  Bluffs.  It  is 
nearly  130  miles  long. 

Boy'ertown,  or  Boy'erstown,  a  post-borough  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad,  48  milM 
N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  about  16  miles  E.  of  Reading. 
It  contains  the  Kallynean  Academy,  Mt.  Pleasant  Semi- 
nary, 7  churches,  2  banks,  cigar-factories,  iron-mines,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  machinery.  One  weekly 
German  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1436. 

Boyer  Valley,  a  township  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  234. 

Boy'kin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Brewton. 

Boykin,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  Camden  Branch  of  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  in  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles  S. 
of  Camden. 

Boykins,  a  post-village  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Portsmouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coach-factory. 

Boyle,  boil,  a  town  and  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Ros- 
common, on  the  river  Boyle,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Car- 
rick-on-Shannon.     Pop.  of  the  town,  3347. 

Boyle,  boil,  a  county  in  Central  Kentucky,  has  an  area 
of  about  180  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Dicks  River  and 
the  sources  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the 
soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad. 
Capitol,  Danville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9615;  in  1880, 11,930;  in 
1890,  12,948. 

Boyle,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ean- 
sas,  on  the  Eansas  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Leaven- 
worth.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Boyle,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa. 

BoyMer's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  Mo.,  30 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  Lead  ii 
mined  here. 

Boyleston,  boilz't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo., 
Ind.,  7  miles  by  rail  E,  of  Frankfort,  and  31  miles  E.  of 
Lafayette.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  1 50. 

Boyleston,  a  post  office  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 

Boylston,  boilz'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Boylston  township,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Worcester. 
It  has  a  church,  a  town  hall,  and  a  cotton-factory.  The  town- 
ship has  a  manufactory  of  vinegar.     Pop.  of  township,  895. 

Boylston,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1132. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Boylston  Centre. 

Boylston  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  oo., 
Mass.,  in  Boylston  township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

Boylston  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y. 

Boylston  Station,  in  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  within  the 
limits  of  Boston,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad, 
3  miles  from  the  city  proper.  At  this  place  are  a  brewery, 
a  tonnery,  and  a  union  cnapel. 

Boyne,  boin,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  rises  in  the 
Bog  of  Allen,  near  Carbery,  flows  generally  N.E.,  and  4 
miles  below  Drogheda  enters  the  Irish  Sea.  It  is  navi- 
gable at  high  water  for  vessels  of  200  tons  to  Drogheda. 
About  25  miles  W.  of  Drogheda,  an  obelisk  marks  the  spot 
where  William  III.,  on  the  1st  of  July,  1690  (O.S.),  gained 
the  victory  known  as  the  "  Battle  of  the  Boyne." 

Boyne,  a  river  of  Eastern  Australifi,  enters  Hervey's 
Bay  in  lat.  24°  30'  S.,  Ion.  152°  E. 

Boyne,  boin,  a  post- village,  capitol  of  Charlevoix  co., 
Mich.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Charlevoix.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  lumber-mills.  Pop. 
800. 

Boyne  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Petoskey.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  broom-handles,  shingles,  chairs, 
wagons,  sleighs,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400, 

Boyu'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  in  Boyn- 
ton  township,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  820. 

Boynton,  or,  Sandy  Ridge,  a  stotion  in  Centre  oo.. 
Pa,,  on  the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of 


BOY 


694 


BRA 


Clearfield.  Here  are  coal-mines.  The  post-oflSce  name  is 
Sandy  Ridge. 

Boyn'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  cc,  N.Y., 
in  Pittstown  township,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  140. 

BozemaUy  b5z'man,  a  thriving  city,  capital  of  Gallatin 
CO.,  Montana,  in  a  mountainous  country,  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  98  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena.  It  is  on  a 
small  affluent  of  the  Gallatin  River,  and  is  surrounded 
with  beautiful  scenery.  Bozeman  contains  7  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive 
flour-mills.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1880, 
894;  in  1890,  2143. 

Bozeman  Creek,  Gallatin  co.,  Montana,  issues  from 
Mystic  Lake,  which  is  6468  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It 
runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  East  Fork  of  the  Gal- 
latin River  near  Bozeman.  In  the  upper  part  of  its  course 
it  rushes  through  a  deep  canon,  and  falls,  by  several  cascades, 
about  500  feet  in  a  distance  of  i  of  a  mile. 

Bozrahy  boz'ri  (more  properly,  Bos'tra),  a  ruined 
town  of  Syria,  pashalic  and  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Damascus.  It 
is  situated  on  the  plains,  in  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Hauran. 
It  gives  title  to  a  United  Greek  bishop. 

Bozrah,  an  ancient  town  of  Iduraaea,  probably  stood 
at  Busseireh,  an  Arab  village,  30  miles  S.W.  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

Boz'rah,  a  township  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  about 
4  miles  W.  of  Norwich.  It  contains  Bozrahville  and  Fitch- 
ville.     Pop.  1005. 

Boz'rah  vil  le,  a  post- village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
in  Bozrah  township,  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  Yantic.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

BozzolOj  bot'so-lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3966. 

Bra,  br&,  a  town  of  Italy,  at  a  railway  junction,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Coni.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  foundries,  manu- 
factures of  silk,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  13,509. 

Braa,  a  river  of  Prussia.    See  Brahe. 

Braake,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Brake. 

Brabant,  bri-bant'  or  brab'ant  (Fr.  pron.  brfl,^bis»' ; 
Dutch,  Braband,  bri-b&nt' ;  Sp.  Brahante,  bri,-bd,n't&),  an 
old  duchy  of  the  Netherlands,  which  formed  part  of  the 
circle  of  Burgundy,  in  the  German  Empire.  After  the 
truce  in  1609,  it  was  divided  into  Spanish  Brabant,  now 
forming  the  provinces  of  South  Brabant  and  Antwerp  in 
Belgium,  and  Dutch  or  North  Brabant,  which  belongs  to 
the  Netherlands.  See  North  Brabant  and  South  Brabant. 

Bracara  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Braga. 

Bracciano,  br4t-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  17  miles 
N.W,  of  Rome.  It  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  lake 
of  the  same  name,  which  is  22  miles  in  circumference  and 
gives  rise  to  the  Arrone  (4R-Ro'ni : — anc.  A'ro).     Pop.  2807. 

Brace'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  N.  branch  of  the  Muskoka  River,  125  miles  N.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  2  printing-offices,  a  sash-factory,  grist- 
mill, saw-mills,  woollen-factory,  4  hotels,  4  churches,  a 
court-house,  and  a  registry  oflice.  The  Lake  Muskoka 
«teamers  call  daily  during  the  season.     Pop.  700. 

Brace'ville,  a  post- village  of  Grundy  co.,  111.,  61  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  numerous  stores  and  shops.  Coal 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Braceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Braceville  township,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Cleveland  &  Mahoning  Railroad.  Pop.  of 
township,  954. 

Brachelen,  bri'Ki-l^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 

9  miles  N.W.  of  Jiilich.     Pop.  2657.     It  has  paper-mills. 
Bracigliano,  bri-cheel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  lOi  miles  N.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3056. 

Brack'en,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  North  Fork  of  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Tobacco  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Limestone  underlies  this  county.  Capital,  Brook- 
ville.  Its  northern  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  Railway.     Pop.  in  1870,  11,409;  in  1890,  12,369. 

Bracken,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  ^bout 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Brack'entown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 

10  miles  E.  of  Mitchellsville. 

Brack'ettville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kinney  co., 
Tex.,  about  125  miles  W.  of  San  Antonio,  and  10  miles  N. 
of  Spoflford  Junction.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1200. 


Brack'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton, 
on  the  Ouse,  and  on  a  railway,  8i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Banbury. 
Pop.  2154. 

Brackley  Beach,  a  village  in  Queen's  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  13  uiiles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Charlottetown.  P.  160. 

Brack'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  from  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Brackwede,brik'*i'de,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 3  miles  S.  of  Bielefeld,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  3158. 

Brackweder-Senne,  Prussia.    See  Senne. 

Braclaw,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Bratslav 

Braco,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Ardoch. 

Bracziaw,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Lundenburg. 

Bradano,  bri-di'no  (anc.  Brada'nua),  a  river  of  Italy, 
in  the  Basilicata,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  flows  S.E.  60  miles, 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  on  the  N.W. 

Brad'bury  Isle,  off  the  coast  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.  P,  6. 

Brad'dock,  or  Braddock's  Field,  a  post-borough 
of  Alleghany  co,,  Pa,,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Monongahela 
River,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg, Here  General  Braddock  was  defeated  and  killed  by 
the  French  and  Indians  in  1755,  It  ha«  17  churches,  2 
banks,  a  large  manufactory  of  steel  rails,  employing  500O 
men,  besides  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  railroad- 
cars,  wire,  glass,  nails,  plates,  and  air-brakes.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3310;  in  1890,  8561. 

Brad'dyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  12  miles  S,  of  Clarinda,  It  has  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  300, 

Bra'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo,,  111.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  McLeansborough. 

Braden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Arlington,  and  15  miles  direct  N.W,  of 
Somerville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bra'denviMe,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
is  at  the  village  of  St.  Clair. 

Brad'field,  a  township  of  England,  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sheffield.     Pop.  11,252. 

Bradford,  brad'f9rd,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Aire,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Leeds  &  Liverpool  Canal,  8  miles  W.  of  Leeds, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  The  town  is  built  en- 
tirely of  stone.  Its  streets  are  mostly  narrow,  but  are  well 
paved  and  lighted.  It  has  a  handsome  exchange,  a  cloth- 
hall,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  mechanics'  institute,  several 
banks,  numerous  schools,  charitable  institutions,  and  places 
of  religious  worship.  Its  rapid  advance  is  attributable  to 
its  position  in  the  great  manufacturing  district  of  York- 
shire, and  to  the  abundance  of  coal  and  iron  in  its  vicinity. 
Bradford  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  worsted  yarn  and  stuff 
manufactures  in  England,  and  the  great  mart  for  long  wools. 
Broad  and  narrow  cloths,  wool-cards,  and  ivory  and  horn 
combs  are  made  in  great  quantities.  The  cotton,  silk,  mo- 
hair, and  alpaca  manufactures  have  also  contributed  much 
to  the  growth  of  the  town.     Pop.  in  1891,  216,361. 

Brad'ford,  a  village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Hol- 
land River,  a  stream  flowing  into  Lake  Simcoe,  42  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  several  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  grist-mill,  saw-mill,  iron-foundry,  Ac,  a  branch  bank, 
and  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  1130. 

Brad'ford-ON-AvoN,  or  Great  Bradford,  a  town  of 
England,  in  Wiltshire,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath, 
and  on  both  sides  of  the  Avon.  It  has  important  cloth- 
works,  banks,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  4871. 

Bradford,  brad'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  com  and  cotton.  The  county  is 
intersected  in  its  E.  portion  by  the  Georgia  Southern  Rail- 
road system.  The  Santa  F§,  an  affluent  of  the  Suwanee 
River,  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  the  county.  Capital,  Lake 
Butler.     Pop.  in  1870,  3671;  in  1880,6112;  in  1890,  7516. 

Bradford,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E,  part  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1150 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  which,  entering  the  county  at  Wa- 
verly  in  the  N.,  flows  direct  S,  to  within  a  few  miles  N.  of 
Towanda,  thence  in  a  S.E.  direction  into  Wyoming  county. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Tioga  River  and  Towanda  and  Wya- 
lusing  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  of  mod- 
erate height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech,  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  cattle,  wheat,  maize,  and  buck- 
wheat are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  is  abun- 
dant here.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Vallej 


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Railroad  and  thn  Northern  Central  Railroad.  Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore.  Cap- 
ital, Towanda.  Pop.  in  1870,  53,204;  in  1880,  58,541;  in 
1890,  59,233. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  Montgomery,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Kellyton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  cotton-gin, 
a  rock  quarry,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  500. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  66  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Bradford,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  1086. 

Bradford,  Sangamon  co..  III.    See  Brasfordton. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Sta»k  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  129  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  about 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
Catholic  parish  school,  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  200. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Bradford  township,  and  on  the  Little  Cedar  River,  2  miles 
from  Nashua  Railroad  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Cedar  Falls.  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Nashua,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Red  Cedar  River.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Nashua,  1077. 

Bradford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
S.W.  from  Augusta. 

Bradford,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  nigh  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
leather,  and  lumber.     Pop.  of  township,  1487. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  township,  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River,  oppo- 
site Haverhill,  and  on  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  32 
miles  N.  of  Boston,  at  the  junction  of  the  Haverhill  Branch 
of  the  Newburyport  &  Danvers  Railroad.  A  railroad  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  it  with  Haverhill  City.  It  con- 
tains the  Bradford  Academy,  a  high  school,  and  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3720. 

Bradford,  a  post-office  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
S.W.  from  Midland. 

Bradford,  a  township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  227. 

Bradford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Bradford  township,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad, 
27  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  hotels  and  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1081. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co,,  N.Y.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira,  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Bath.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
gri.st-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  991. 

Bradford,  Darke  co.,  0.     S^e  Bradford  Juncrioif. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  Green- 
ville Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  W.  of  Piqua.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  two 
branches  of  the  railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
shoes.     Pop.  1338.    See  Bradford  Junction. 

Bradford,  a  flourishing  city  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  the 
converging  point  of  several  railroads,  is  situated  63  miles 
S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  N.Y.,  and  97  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  3  banks,  10  churches,  newspaper  offices  issuing  2  daily 
and  3  weekly  papers,  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of 
stoves,  chairs,  glass,  etc.  Bradford  is  the  head-quarters  of 
extensive  oil  interests.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,514. 

Bradford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
Bumpsic  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier,  nnd 
12  niilos  S.  by  W.  from  Wells  River.  It  contains  the  Brad- 
ford Academy  and  Union  High  School,  a  bank,  2  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  an  iron-foundry,  a  paper-mill,  a  grist- 
mill, a  sash-factory,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1492. 

Bradford,  a  township  of  Rook  co..  Wis.  Pop.  981.  It 
contains  Emerald  Grove. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Simcoe  oo.,  Ont.,  41  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
school,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lumber-mill, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  extensive  flour-mills.     Pop.  1000. 

Bradford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  in  Bradford  township. 

Bradford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
in  Bradford  township,  on  Waits  River,  about  28  miles  S.E. 


of  Montpelier,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Bradford  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Bradford  Junction,  a  village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  io 
Adams  township,  about  85  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  on 
the  railroad  between  Piqua  and  Union  City,  10  miles  W.  of 
Piqua.  It  is  contiguous  to  Bradford,  a  village  of  Miami 
CO.     Pop.  243. 

Braaford  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  Mick., 
on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  108  milet 
N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Bradford  Springs,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  B.C. 
Pop.  1142. 

Brad'fordsville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Knoxville  Branch 
Railroad,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  college.     Pop.  155. 

Brad'fordton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
at  Bradford  Station,  6  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Brad'fordville,  a  post-office  of  Leon  co.,  Fla. 

Brad'gate  Park,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  b 
miles  N.W.  of  Leicester.  It  has  ruins  of  a  noble  mansion, 
in  which  Lady  Jane  Grey  was  born,  a.d.  1537. 

Bra'ding,  a  town  near  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  England,  co.  of  Hants,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Newport. 

Brad'ley,  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  755  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  and 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Saline  River,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Washita,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Moro  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  yellow 
pine.  Capital,  Warren.  Pop.  in  1870,  8646;  in  1880, 
6285;  in  1890,  7972. 

Bradley,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Hiawassee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  live- 
stock are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroads 
Capital,  Cleaveland.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,652;  in  1880, 
12,124;  in  1890,  13,607. 

Bradley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Ark.,  42  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Shreveport,  Tex. 

Bradley,  a  post- village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  78  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Salinas.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  100. 

Bradley,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Bloomington. 

Bradley,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  oo..  Me.,  on  the 
Penobscot  River,  45  miles  above  Bangor.     Pop.  866. 

Bradley,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Way- 
laud  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <t  Indiana  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
abou-t  200. 

Bradley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  co..  Miss.,  2& 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  West  Point. 

Bradley,  a  station  in  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ebens- 
burg  and  Cresson  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ebensburg. 

Bradley,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  S.D.,  40  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Watertown.     Pop.  150. 

BradMeyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  oo..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth. 

Brad'ner,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  C,  on  the  Colum- 
bus &  Toledo  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  oil-refinery. 

Brad'ninch,  or  Brains,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  8i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Exeter.  It  has  an  ancient 
church,  a  guild  hall,  a  jail,  paper-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  stuflFs.     Pop.  of  parish,  1914. 

Brad'rick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  0.,  2^  miles 
from  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  two  churches. 

Bradsberg,  an  amt  of  Norway.     See  Bratsbgro. 

Brad'shaw,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ill,,  9  miles  E.  of 
Anna.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bradshaw,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  about  midway  between 
Baltimore  and  Havre  de  Grace.  It  has  a  Catholic  church. 
Here  the  Gunpowder  and  Little  Gunpowder  Rivers  unite. 

Bradshaw,  a  post-town  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  60  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  434. 

Bradshaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
from  Pulaski. 

Bradstowe,  a  town  of  England.    See  Broadstairs 


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Bradt'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  4  miles 
from  Bridgeport  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brad'well,  a  township  and  station  of  England,  co.  of 
Bucks,  3  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Stony  Stratford.    P.  2409, 

Bradwell,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  Similes 
N.N.E.  of  Tideswell.     Pop.  1141. 

Bra'dy,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Poto- 
mac River,  6  miles  S.  of  Cumberland. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Railroad  and  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  Pop.  1400.  It  con- 
tains the  post-village  of  Vicksburg. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  687. 

Brady,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  9  miles  from  Cambridge.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  grist-mill. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1681.  It 
includes  West  Unity. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Butler  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  600. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  263,  ex- 
clusive of  East  Brady,  which  is  a  borough. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2009. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  904. 
Post-ofBce,  Airy  Dale. 

Brady,  a  post-oflBce  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  the  bor- 
ough of  Marion,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indiana. 

Brady,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  McCulIoch  oo.,  Tex., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Colorado  River,  in  a  fine  agncultural 
region,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Brownwood.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  and  2  newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  800. 

Brady  Islaad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  268  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Brady's,  Md.    See  Brady's  Mills. 

Brady's,  a  station  in  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  1  mile 
E.  of  Shamokin.     Anthracite  coal  is  mined  here. 

Brady's,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co..  Wis. 

Brady's  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
is  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  near  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad.  Brady 
Station  is  at  East  Brady,  68  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
^55  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  contains  4  churches  and  ex- 
tensive iron-works.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  and  pic- 
turesque country,  in  which  coal  and  iron  ore  abound.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Brady's  Creek,  Tex.,  runs  eastward  through  McCul- 
Ioch CO.,  and  enters  the  San  Saba  River  in  San  Saba  co. 

Bra'dyville,  a  post- village  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.E.  from  Maysville,  Ky.     It  has  a  church. 

Bradyville,  a  post-village  of  Cannon  oo.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury. 

Brae,  bra,  a  post- village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  300. 

Braemar,  bra^mar',  the  westernmost  and  highland 
portion  of  the  district  of  Mar,  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland.  It 
has  7  or  more  peaks  over  3500  feet  high,  of  which  Ben 
Macdhui  is  the  loftiest.  It  is  much  visited  by  tourists,  and 
is  famed  for  its  red  deer,  its  forests,  and  its  gems  (amethysts, 
beryls,  and  cairngorms).     Pop.  1566. 

Braemar,  braemar',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  from  Woodstock.  It  contains  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, a  cheese-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Braf'ford's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Braga,  bri'gS,  (anc.  Brac'ara  Augua'ta),  a  city  of  Por- 
tugal, capital  of  the  province  of  Minho,  on  two  railways, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Porto.  It  is  surrounded  by  old  walls,  and 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  who  is  titular  primate  of  Por- 
tugal. It  has  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  pal- 
ace, a  hospital,  a  college,  several  schools,  many  fountains, 
and  some  Roman  ruins.  It  has  manufactures  of  fire-arms, 
jewelry,  cutlery,  and  hats.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  sanctuary 
of  Jesus  do  Monte,  visited  by  many  pilgrims.     Pop.  18,467. 

Bragan^a,  or  Braganza,  bri-gin's4,  a  town  and 
hishop's  see  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  N.E. 
frontier,  on  the  Ferrenza,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Miranda.  It  is 
partly  fortified,  has  a  citadel,  a  college,  and  manufactures 
of  velvet  and  other  silk  fabrics,  and  had  formerly  some  sil- 
ver-mines.    Pop.  4503. 

Braganza,  or  Braganza,  br&-K&n's&,  an  ancient 
town  of  Brazil,  state  and  100  miles  NJB.  of  Pari,  on  the 
Caite,  near  its  mouth,  in  the  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  1° 
S. ;  Ion.  47°  20'  W.  It  ha*  several  churches  and  a  prison, 
and  the  river  is  navigable  up  to  it  at  high  water.  Pop.  of 
town  and  district,  6000. 

Braganza,  or  Braganza,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo.  It  has  a  church.  Its 
district  is  fertile,  feeds  numbers  of  cattle  and  pigs  for  the 


Rio   Janeiro  market,  and   has  a  number  of  sugar-milla. 
Pop.  10,000. 

Bragernaes,  Norway.    See  Drammen. 

Brag^gado'cio,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo.  P.  90. 

Bragg' s,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  13  milea 
E.  of  Minter.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bragg's  Island,  one  of  a  group  of  islands  on  the  W. 
side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland.     Pop.  36. 

Bragg's  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  East  Bloomfield.    It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bragg'ville,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hollister  township,  on  the  Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  <fc 
Albany  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Brag  Town,  a  village  in  Latimore  township,  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  S.  of  Dillsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  sev- 
eral shops  and  stores. 

Brane,  brl'^h,  or  Braa,  br&,  a  river  of  Prussia,  flows 
S.  and  joins  the  Vistula  above  Fordon.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Netze  by  the  Canal  of  Bromberg,  and  thus  unites 
the  Oder  and  the  Vistula. 

Brahestad,  br&'hSs-t&d\  a  seaport  town  of  Russia, 
Finland,  36  miles  S.W.  of  UleAborg,  on  the  Gulf  of  Both- 
nia.    It  has  a  trade  in  pitch  and  tar.     Pop.  2560. 

BrahilOT,  br&'heeMov',  BraUIoff',  or  Brailow* 
br8,'ee-lov',  called  also  Ibrail,  Ibrahil,  ee^bri-eel',  and 
Braila,  bri-ee'Ii,  a  town  and  the  principal  port  of  Rou 
mania,  in  Wallachia,  on  the  Roumanian  Railway,  and  on 
the  Lower  Danube,  103  miles  N.E.  of  Bucharest.  Its  ware- 
houses are  extensive,  its  harbor  is  securely  sheltered  by 
a  small  island,  and  it  has  a  good  trade.    Pop.  28,272. 

Brahmanber'ia,  or  Brdhmanba'ria,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  in  Tipperah,  on  the  river  Titds.  Lat.  23°  57'  45" 
N. ;  Ion.  91°  8'  38"  E.     Pop.  12,364. 

Brahmapoo'tra,  or  Brahmaputra,  hrah'ma-poo'- 
tra,  formerly  written  Burrampoo'ter  (anc.  Dynrdanea, 
or  Oedanes),  a  great  river  of  India.  Its  principal  head- 
stream,  the  Sanpoo  or  Dihong,  rises  on  the  plateau  of 
Thibet,  flows  eastward  1000  miles,  turns  the  eastern  flank 
of  the  Himalayas,  and  enters  British  India  at  the  N.E. 
angle  of  Assam,  lat.  27°  45'  N.,  Ion.  95°  30'  E.  It  is 
joined  by  the  Dibong  and  by  another  smaller  stream,  re- 
garded by  the  Hindoos  and  some  others  as  the  true  Brah- 
mapootra. This  river  rises  in  the  Brahmakoonda  valley, 
near  the  B.  extremity  of  the  Himalaya,  and  is  considered 
a  very  sacred  stream  by  the  Hindoos.  The  Brahmapootra 
finally  becomes  blended  with  the  Ganges  and  the  Megna  in 
a  great  delta-system,  forming  an  immense  number  of  navi- 
gable channels,  and  flowing  at  last  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal. 
The  main  stream  has  a  strong  current,  but  is  serviceable  for 
extensive  steam  navigation.  In  the  rainy  season  the  river 
overflows  its  banks.     Total  length,  1800  miles. 

Brahooic  (br&.-hoo'ik)  Mountains,  a  name  given  to 
the  Hala  Mountains,  between  Beloochistan  and  Sinde. 

Brahpur,  bri^poor',  a  town  of  the  Shahabad  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  3143. 

Braic-y-PAVll,  bri'ke-pool,  a  headland  in  North 
Wales,  CO.  of  Carnarvon.     Lat.  52°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  48'  W. 

Braid'entown,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Manatee 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  Manatee  River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  8t.  Peters- 
burg, with  which  it  is  oonnected  by  daily  steamers.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Extensive  phosphate 
deposits  have  been  discovered  near  here.  Fruit-  and  vege- 
table-growing is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  about  400. 

Braid'wood,  a  post- village  of  Will  co.,  III.,  58  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  20  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Joliet. 
It  has  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers ; 
also  6  churches,  and  a  bank.  Several  mines  of  bituminous 
coal  have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Braila,  Brailoff,  or  Brailow.    See  Brahilov. 

Brainard,  bra'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  42 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Independence. 

Brainard,  Minn.    See  Brainerd. 

Brainard,  a  post-town  of  Butler  oo.,  Neb.,  on  2  rail- 
roads, 42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fremont. 

Brainard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  on  th« 
Delaware  River,  7  miles  below  Belvidere. 

Brainard  Station,  a  post- village  of  Rensselaer  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Nassau  township,  on  Einderhook  Creek,  and  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Chatham 
Village,  and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  Transylvania  Institute,  and  a  manufactory 
of  paper. 

Braine-la»Lende,  br&n-li-ltrd,  a  village  of  Belgittm, 
province  of  Brabant,  12  miles  S.  of  Brussels.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  cloths  and  starch.     Pop.  5578. 

Braine-Ie-Comte,  brin-l^h-kftst  or  brdn-l^h-kAiit, 


BRA 


697 


BRA 


I 


a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Hainaut,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 13J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  6336. 

Brainerd,  bra'n§rd,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crow 
Wing  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  and  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  115  miles  W.S.W.  of  Duluth,  and  137 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorehead.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  sta- 
tions on  the  railroad  between  Duluth  and  the  Red  River  of 
the  North.  It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school, 
and  other  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  railroad-shops,  and 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Brainerd,  a  post-town  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Eldorado.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Brains,  a  town  of  England.    See  Bradninch. 

Brain'tree,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
18  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bishop-Stortford,  on  an  eminence, 
adjoining  the  village  of  Booking.  It  has  a  spacious  Gothic 
church,  and  manufactures  of  crape,  silk,  and  straw  goods. 
Pop.  of  parish,  4790. 

Brain'tree,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Braintree  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Granite  Branch  and  with  the  South  Shore 
Railroad  (operated  as  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony),  10  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
public  library,  a  newspaper  office,  and  Thayer  Academy, 
which  has  a  fund  of  $200,000.  P.  of  township  (1890),  4848. 
The  township  has  granite-quarries,  and  manufactures  of 
boots,  carpets,  paper,  organs,  shovels,  twine,  tacks,  &c.  It 
contains  villages  named  South  Braintree  and  East  Braintree. 

Braintree,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  25  miles 
S.  b}'  W.  of  Montpelier.  Pop.  1066.  Braintree  Station  is 
at  ^\^est  Braintree,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.  of  Montpelier  Junction. 

Brain'trim,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  620. 

Brake,  bri'ki,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  on 
the  Weser,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bremen,  is  the  seat  of 
ship-building  and  of  a  trade  by  sea.  It  has  cloth-factories 
and  large  docks.     Pop.  3800. 

Brakel,  bri'k§l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on 
a  railway,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2607. 

Brakel,  Belgium.   SeeNEDEB  Brakel  and  Op  Brakel. 

Bra 'ley's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Taun- 
ton &  New  Bedford  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  New  Bedford. 

Bralin,  bri-leen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a  rail- 
way, 39  miles  E.N.E.  of  Breslau.  It  has  a  custom-house 
and  manufactures  of  cloths.     Pop.  1763. 

Bra'man  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

Bra'man's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schenectady 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Duanesburg  township,  about  30  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches  and  18  dwellings. 

Bra'manville,  a  village  in  Millbury  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  i  mile  from  Millbury  village.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Brambach,  brim'biK,  a  town  of  Saxony,  near  Bohe- 
mia, 11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Eger.     Pop.  1502. 

Brambanau,  br8,m-b5,'nin,  a  ruined  town  in  the  island 
of  Java,  province  and  30  miles  from  Soerakarta,  famous  for 
its  magnificent  remains  of  temples  of  stone. 

Bram'lette,  a  station  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  (Neosho  division),  7 
liles  S.  of  Neosho  Falls. 

Branilette^  a  village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.  It  has  a 
pcburch,  ii  drug-store,  2  general  stores,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Braiiima,  the  native  name  of  Burmah. 

Bramp'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  8^ 
liles  by  railway  E.N.E.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  town  hall,  a 

-ammar-school,  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  checks  and 
|';ginghams.     Pop.  2617. 

Bramp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  Day's  River  Station, 
14  Miles  N.  of  Escanaba. 

Brampton,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Peel,  Ontario, 
21  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  6  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  several  factories,  stores,  hotels,  2  banks, 
high  and  public  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  is  an  im- 
portant grain  and  flour  market.     Pop.  3223. 

Bramsale,  islands  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Borssele. 

Bramsche,  brim'sh^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  the  Haase.     Pop.  1849. 

Branistedt,  brim'stitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
26  miles  N.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  2114. 

Bram'well,  a  post-town  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  milea 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pocahontas.  It  is  a  great  coal  region,  coal- 
mining and  c»ke-mannfacture  being  most  extensively  car- 
ried on.  It  has  three  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.  Pop,  499. 
45 


Brancaleone,  brin-ki-li-o'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gerace.  Pop. 
1323.     It  was  partially  destroyed  by  earthquake  in  1783. 

Branch,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  border- 
ing on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  504  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Coldwater.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  small  lakes,  "oak  openings,"  and  dense  forests,  in 
which  the  ash,  beech,  oak,  elm,  and  sugar-maple  abound. 
The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  The  northwest- 
ern portion  of  the  county  is  traversed  by  the  Air-Line 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  while  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  crosses  it  about  the 
middle,  running  in  a  southwesterly  direction  through  Cold- 
water,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,226 ;  in 
1880,  27,941 ;  in  1890,  26,791. 

Branch,  a  township  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  787. 

Branch,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  700. 

Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint 
<fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Ludington.  Pop. 
of  Branch  township,  139. 

Branch,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  131. 
It  contains  North  Branch  Station. 

Branch,  a  station  on  the  Saratoga  &  Schenectady  Rail- 
road, at  the  head  of  Ballston  Lake,  8  miles  N.  of  Sehenec- 
tady,  N.Y.     Here  is  South  Ballston  Post-Offioe. 

Branch,  a  station  in  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Jamestown 
&  Franklin  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Stoneborough  Junction. 

Branch,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1200. 
It  contains  Llewellyn,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Branch,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Manitowoc.  It  has  manufactures  of  beer,  flour,  and 
furniture. 

Branchburg,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1251.  It  contains  North  Branch  Depot  and  a  part  of  North 
Branch. 

Branch  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Reilly  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad, 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Branch  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Miami  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300. 
A  fine  wire  suspension  bridge  over  the  Little  Miami  River 
connects  Branch  Hill  with  the  village  of  Symmes. 

Branch  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  at  Blairsville  Intersection  (which  see). 

Branch'port,  a  village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New  Jersey,  1  mile  N.  of  Long  Branch,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  sea.     Oysters  abound  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Branchport,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the 
north  end  of  the  western  branch  of  Keuka  Lake,  about  48 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Penn  Yan. 
It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Branch's,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fair- 
land.  Franklin  &  Martinsville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Franklin. 

Branch's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  S.E.  from  Mount  Olive  Station.     It  has  two  stores. 

Branch'ton,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W .  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  250. 

Branch  Vil'lage,a  hamlet  in  North  Smithfield  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Blackstone  village, 
Mass.    It  has  manufactures  of  shoddy  and  flocks.    Pop.  30. 

Branch'vilie,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  2  churches. 

Branchville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Ridgefield  Branch,  11  miles  S.  of  Danbury.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  ice-tools. 

Branchville,  a  village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.W.  from  Camilla.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  2  stores, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 

Branchville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Ind. 

Branchville,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Washington. 

Branchville,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Frankford  township,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the 
Sussex  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Newton.  It  has  3  hotels,  2 
churches,  3  stores,  and  3  flour-  and  feed-mills  in  which 
water-power  is  employed.     Pop.  about  500. 

Branchville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  N. 
of  Westfield  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  2  flour-mills. 


BRA 


698 


BRA 


Branchvill6)  a  post-village  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C, 
situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Columbia  and  Augusta  divi- 
sions of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad  system,  62  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Charleston,  and  68  miles  S.  of  Columbia. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  eanning- 
factory,  and  2  wagon-  and  buggy-factories.  Here  are  rail- 
road machine-shops.     Pop.  732 ;  of  the  township,  2035. 

Branchvillej  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn. 

BranchTille^  a  post-office  and  station  of  Southampton 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  <fc  Roanoke  Railroad,  62  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Norfolk. 

Branchville  Jnnction,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Branchville 
Branch,  3  miles  N.  of  Newton,  and  6  miles  from  Branch- 
ville. 

BrancOy  a  river  of  Bolivia.    See  Magdalena. 

Branco,  bring'ko,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  S.  of 
Santa  Luzia. 

Branco,  bring'ko,  a  river  of  Brazil,  an  affluent  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  state  of  Bahia,  rises  in  the  Serra  Dura,  lat. 
11°  25'  S.,  Ion.  46°  10'  W.,  flows  S.E.  120  miles,  and  is  nav- 
igable  to  Tres-Barras,  a  distance  of  40  miles. 

Branco,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Parima  Moun- 
tains, and  flows  S.  400  miles  to  the  Rio  Negro,  which  it 
joins  near  lat.  1°  20'  S. 

Brand,  bra,nt,  a  town  of  Saxony,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Dres- 
den.    Pop.  2512. 

Brandeis,  brS,n'dice,  a  town  of  Boheipia,  1^  miles 
E.X.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3647. 

Brandeis-am-Adler,  br5,n'dice-im-id'l§r,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Pardubitz,  on  the  Stille- 
Adler.     Pop.  1672. 

Bran'denbnrg  (Ger.  pron.  br&n'd^n-bodRO^ ;  Fr. 
Brandehourg,  brin^d^-boon'),  a  province  of  Prussia,  in  the 
centre  of  the  kingdom,  between  lat.- 51°  25'  and  53°  34'  N. 
and  Ion.  11°  25'  and  16°  10'  E.;  bounded  N.  by  Mecklen- 
burg, N.E.  by  Pomerania,  E.  by  the  provinces  of  Prussia  and 
Posen,  S.  by  Silesia  and  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  and  W.  by 
the  provinces  of  Saxony  and  Hanover.  Area,  15,403  square 
miles.  Surface  flat  and  sandy,  but  diversified  by  numerous 
lakes.  It  is  situated  in  the  basins  of  the  Elbe  and  the  Oder, 
and  watered  by  these  rivers  and  numerous  affluents,  among 
which  the  Warta,  Bober,  Neisse,  and  Welse,  affluents  of 
the  Oder,  and  the  Havel,  Spree,  and  others,  affluents  of  the 
Elbe,  are  navigable.  The  chief  crops  are  buckwheat,  rye, 
potatoes,  hemp,  flax,  honey,  tobacco,  and  hops.  Sheep  are 
extensively  reared,  and  wool  is  an  important  product.  The 
principal  mineral  products  are  salt,  iron,  gypsum,  alum,  and 
vitriol.  There  are  numerous  mineral  springs.  The  manu- 
factures, in  great  variety,  are  carried  on  in  the  principal 
towns,  and  the  province  has  many  breweries,  distilleries, 
tanneries,  potash-,  charcoal-,  lime-,  and  sulphur-works. 
Trade  is  facilitated  by  numerous  canals,  excellent  post- 
roads,  and  railways  from  the  capital  in  all  directions. 
Capital,  Berlin.     Pop.  in  1890,  2,542,401. 

Brandenburg,  brin'd?n-bo8RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
the  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Havel,  and  on  the 
Berlin  <fc  Magdeburg  Railway,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Berlin. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  divided  by  the  river  into  an  old 
and  a  new  town,  between  which,  on  an  island,  is  the  quarter 
called  "Venice,"  having  many  buildings  which  deserve 
notice  for  their  antiquity  and  works  of  art.  Brandenburg 
has  a  realschule,  a  gymnasium,  a  Bitter  Akademie,  a  col- 
lege, and  a  public  library ;  in  the  market-place  is  the  Ro- 
landsaUle,  a  column  formed  of  a  single  stone  18  feet  in 
height.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  hosiery, 
and  paper,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  an  active  commerce 
by  land  and  water.     Pop.  27,371. 

Brandenburg,  a  village  of  Prussia,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Konigsberg.     Pop.  1434. 

Bran'denburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meade  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  2i  miles  from  Brandenburg  Station, 
and  36  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  salt-works.     Pop.  600. 

Brandenburg,  New.    See  New  Brandenburg. 

Bran'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sufi'olk,  on  the 
Little  Ouse  or  Brandon  River,  and  on  a  railway,  70  miles 
N.N.E.  of  London.     It  has  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  2216. 

Bran'don,  a  mountain,  headland,  bay,  and  village  of 
Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Kerry,  The  mountain,  22  miles 
W.  of  Tralee,  terminates  N.E.  in  the  headland  which  forms 
the  W.  limit  of  Brandon  Bay,  an  arm  of  Tralee  Bay.  The 
bay  is  formed  between  Brandon  Head  on  the  W.  and  a 
neck  of  land  on  the  E.  which  separates  it  from  Tralee  Bay. 
The  village  is  on  the  W.  side  of  Brandon  Bay,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Dingle. 

Bran'don,  a  post-office  and  station  of  De  Kalb  co., 


Ala.,  on   the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  56  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 
Pop.  300. 

Brandon,  a  station  in  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Rushville. 

Brandon,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  about 
33  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brandon,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1101. 
It  contains  Canton. 

Brandon,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Pontiac.     It  contains  Ortonville.     Pop.  1170. 

Brandon,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Brandon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rankin  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad.  13  miles  E.  of  Jack- 
son. Several  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here 
annually.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  6  churches, 
and  a  suvings-bank.     Pop.  756. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
Adirondack  Mountains,  33  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Moira.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Knox  oo.,  0.,  in  Miller 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Brandon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Minnehaha  oo.,  S.D.,  about 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Sioux  Falls. 

Brandon,  a  post-office  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  32  miles  W. 
by  S.  from  Corsicana. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  oo.,  Vt.,  17  mile» 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Rutland,  and  51  miles  S.  of  Burling- 
ton. It  is  about  1  mile  E.  of  Otter  Creek,  which  intersects 
the  township.  It  has  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  hotels, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  spools,  wooden-ware, 
marble,  Ac.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
The  township  has  quarries  of  fine  marble,  and  mines  of 
iron,  kaolin,  and  lignite.     Pop.  3310. 

Brandon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  22 
miles  E.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  76  miles  N.W. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Fond  da 
Lac.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  &o.    Pop.  660. 

Brandon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brandon  co.,  Mani- 
toba, 133  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Winnepeg.  It  has  5  churches, 
6  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  7  grain-elevators,  and  flour-, 
lumber-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  4500. 

Brandon  River,  England.    See  Ouse. 

Bran'donville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  East  Union  township,  on  the  Catawissa  &  Williamsport 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua. 

Brandonville,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Brandt,  or  Brant,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Lake  Erie,  about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bufi"alo.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad.     Pop.  1378. 

Brandt,  a  post- village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Bethel  town- 
ship, about  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  240. 

Brandt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Harmony  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  ( Jefi'erson  Branch), 
33  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a 
chair-factory,  a  brick-yard,  Ac. 

Brandt  Lake,  of  Warren  co.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
New  York,  discharges  its  waters  by  Schroon  River.  Its 
length  is  about  6  miles. 

Brandt's,  a  station  on  the  Harrisburg  A  Potomac 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Bran'dy  Brook,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of 
Malone. 

Brandy  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  10  miles 
S.E.  from  Ridgway. 

Brandy  City,  a  mining-camp  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  7& 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.    It  has  gold-mines  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brandy  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  from  Simcoe.     Pop.  100. 

Brandy  Gap,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  Parkersburg  Branch,  10  miles 
W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Brandy  Pots,  several  small  islets  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
lying  ofi"  the  N.E.  end  of  Hare  Island,  below  Quebec. 
Brandy  Station,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.» 


BRA 


699 


BRA 


on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  62  miles  S.W.  of  Wash- 
ington. It  has  2  churches.  Several  cavalry  fights  occurred 
here  in  the  civil  war. 

Bran'dywine,  a  former  village  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  now  the  9th  ward  of  the  city  of  Wilmington,  is  on 
Brandywine  Creek.  It  has  2  churches,  3  flour-mills,  a 
stave-factory,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.  A  bridge 
across  the  creek  connects  it  with  Wilmington. 

Brandywine^  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  city  of  Wilmington.  It  is  the  northeastern- 
most  hundred  in  the  state.     Pop.  3180. 

Brandywine,  township,  Hancock  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1061. 

Brandywine,  township,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1224. 

BrandyAvine,  a  post-office  and  station,  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Poto- 
mac Railroad,  51  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Brandywine,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Coates- 
ville. 

Brandywine,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Brandywine  Creek  drains  part  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
flows  thence  southeastward  into  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and 
unites  with  the  Christiana  Creek  at  Wilmington.  It  runs 
through  beautiful  scenery.  On  its  banks,  near  Chadd's 
Ford,  Pa.,  General  Howe  defeated  General  Washington  on 
the  11th  of  September,  1777. 

Brandywine  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Hancock 
CO.,  and  flows  southwestward  into  Blue  River,  a  few  miles 
below  Shelbyville. 

Brandywine  Manor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  in  West  Brandywine  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Down- 
ingtovvn,  and  1  mile  from  Manor  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  public  hall. 

Brandywine  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Northfield  township. 
Summit  co.,  0.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Macedonia.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  and  is  at  the  falls  of  Brandywine  Creek. 

Brandywine  Springs,  Delaware.    See  Faulkland. 

Brandywine  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.,  24  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has 
several  churches  in  its  vicinity. 

Bran'ford,  a  post-town  and  watering-place  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Shore 
Line  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  9 
churches,  a  graded  school,  good  hotels,  extensive  granite 
quarries,  and  an  establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  locks 
and  malleable  iron,  in  which  together  about  1000  men  are 
employed.     Pop  in  1890,  4460. 

Branford  (railroad  station.  New  Branford),  a  post-town 
of  Suwannee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Suwannee  River,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Live  Oak.  It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures 
of  lumber.     Pop.  500. 

Branna,  br&n'nS,,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  2j^  miles  E.  of 
Starkenbach.     Pop.  2400. 

Brans'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  11 
miles  from  Arlington.    It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Bransk,  brinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bialystok,  on  the  Noortchek  (Nourtschek).     Pop.  1030. 

Brant,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.    See  Brandt. 

Brant,  a  county  of  the  province  of  Ontario,  W.  of  Lake 
Ontario.  Area,  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Grand  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  Great 
Western,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways.  The  chief  staples 
are  lumber,  wool,  hops,  grain,  and  the  products  of  the  dairy. 
Chief  town,  Brantford.     Pop.  32,259. 

Brant,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  482. 

Brant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Chilton. 

Brantas,  a  river  of  Java.     See  Eediri. 

Brant'ford,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 

Brantford,  a  hamlet  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  nearly  opposite  St.  Cloud. 

Brantford,  a  city  of  Canada,  a  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Brant,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  which 
is  navigable  to  within  2i  miles  of  the  town,  for  which  dis- 
tance a  canal  has  been  opened,  affording  water-communi- 
cation with  Lake  Erie,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hamilton. 
The  Brantford,  Waterloo  &  Lake  Erie  Railway  connects 
the  city  with  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  It  has  several 
branch  banks,  15  churches,  2  printing-offices,  from  which 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  issued,  about  150 
stores,  a  hospital,  a  house  of  refuge,  and  a  handsome  stone 
court-house.  The  buildings  and  shops  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  occupy  11  acres.  Among  the  manufactures  are 
brass  and  iron  castings,  tin  and  japanned  ware,  sashes  and 
blinds,  engines  and  machinery,  agricultural  implements, 
and  stoneware.  The  streets  are  lighted  by  electricity.  Pop. 
in  1881,  8107;  in  1891,  15,324. 


Brant'ingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.T.,  0 
miles  from  Glensdale. 

Brant  Rock,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  4  miles  E.  of  Marshfield.   It  has  a  church. 

Brantome,  br6N°H6m',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Dordogne,  16  miles  N,  of  Perigueux.     Pop.  2591. 

Branx'holm,  or  Brank'some,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  Dukes  of  Buccleugh,  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the 
Teviot,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Hawick.  It  has  acquired  renown 
as  the  scene  of  Scott's  "  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel." 

Bras  d'Or,  bri  doK  ("Arm  of  Gold"),  a  tideless  salt- 
water lake  in  Cape  Breton  Island,  50  miles  in  length  and  20 
miles  in  breadth.  Its  depth  varies  from  12  to  60  fathoms, 
and  it  forms  a  secure  roadstead.  The  entrance  is  divided  into 
two  passages  by  Boularderie  Island  ,•  the  southern  passage 
is  25  miles  long  and  from  J  to  3  miles  in  breadth,  but  is  not 
navigable  for  large  vessels ;  the  northern  is  25  miles  long 
and  from  2  to  3  miles  wide,  with  60  fathoms  of  water.  Sea- 
fisheries  of  every  kind  are  carried  on  in  the  Bras  d'Or.  It8 
southern  end  communicates  by  a  ship-canal  with  St.  Peter's 
Bay,  i  mile  distant,  thus  bisecting  the  island. 

Brashear,  a  village  of  Louisiana.     See  Morgan  City. 

Brashear,  brash'eer,  or  Paul'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Adair  co.,  Mo.,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Edina.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Brash'ears,  a  mining  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
about  60  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Columbus.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Consolidated  Coal  and  Mining  Co.     Pop.  700. 

Brash'er,  a  township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  con- 
tains Brasher  Falls  and  Brasher  Iron- Works.     Pop.  3486. 

Brasher  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
has  a  church,  a  starch-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brasher  Falls,  a  post- village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Brasher  township,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  and  on  the 
Ogdensburg  <fc  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  by  N. 
from  Ogdensburg.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  3  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.     Pop.  450. 

Brasher  Iron  Works,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Brasher  township,  on  Deer  River,  about  20 
miles  W.  by  N.  from  Malone,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Canton. 
It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Brasile,  Brasilia,  Brasilien.    See  Brazil. 

Brasparts,  br8,s^paR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Finist^re,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Chiteaulin.     Pop.  2984. 

Brass,  br3,ss,  a  river  and  town  of  Africa,  in  Guinea,  the 
river  being  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Niger  delta,  and  the 
town  on  this  arm  in  lat.  4°  35'  N.,  Ion.  6°  16'  2"  E. 

Brassac,  bris^sik',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  12  miles  E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2007. 

Brass  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
from  Washington.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  brick-yard. 

Brasschaet,  bris'sKit^  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2850. 

Brass'field,  a  station  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond &  Danville  Railroad,  in  Cedar  Creek  township,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Brasso,  or  Brassovium.    See  Kronstadt. 

Brass'town,  a  hamlet  of  Towns  co.,  Ga.,  45  miles  N. 
of  Bellton. 

Brasstown,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  N.C.     Pop,  395. 

Bras'well,  a  post-village  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Rome.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bratislavia,  the  Latin  for  Breslau. 

Brats'berg,  an  amt  in  the  S.  of  Norway,  stifts  of 
Christiania  and  Christiansand,  on  the  sea-coast.  Area,  5706 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1876,  83,186;  in  1891,  92,034. 

Brats'berg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  5 
miles  S.  from  Rushford. 

Bratslav,  br&ts-liv',  written  also  Bratzlaf  (Pol. 
Braclaw,  brits'Iiv),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the 
Bug,  110  miles  E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  4905. 

Brattia,  the  ancient  name  of  Brazza. 

Brat'tleborough,  a  post- village  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.. 
in  Brattleborough  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about 
1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  West  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  110  miles  S. 
of  Montpelier,  and  119  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
bridge  across  the  Connecticut  River,  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  8  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  large  manu- 
factories of  parlor  organs,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
furniture,  and  machinery.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Vermont 
Asylum  for  the  Insane.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Pop.  in  1880,  4471;  in  1890,  5467;  of  the 
township  in  1890,  6862. 

Brat'ton,  a  post- village  of  Nemaha  co..  Nob.,  about  80 
miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City.     It  has  2  churches. 


BRA 


700 


BRA 


Bratton,  a  township  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  852. 

Brat'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Bratz,  brfits,  a  town  of  Prassia,  in  Posen,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Meseritz,  on  the  Obra.     Pop.  1657. 

Bratzkoi,  brits-koy',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
and  250  miles  N.W.  of  Irkootsk,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Oka  and  Angara.     Lat.  55°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  101°  47'  E. 

Braubach,  brSw'biK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  10  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1735. 

Brauersville,  brow'^rz-vil,  post-office,  Benton  co..  Mo. 

Braunau,  br5w'n5w,  a  town  of  Austria,  60  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Lintz,  at  the  junction  of  the  Salza  and  the  Inn. 
Pop.  2767. 

Braunau,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Konig- 
gratz,  has  a  gymnasium,  a  Benedictine  abbey,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures.     Pop.  4245. 

Braunfels,  br5wn'f§ls,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  37 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1645. 

Braunhirschen,  brSwn'heSE^sh^n,  a  village  of  Lower 
Austria,  near  Vienna.     Pop.  9937. 

Br^tunlingen,  broin'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Baden,  29 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Freiburg,  on  the  Brigach.     Pop.  1660. 

Braunsbach,  browns'biK,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Kunzelsau.     Pop.  882. 

Braunsberg,  browns'bfiRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  35 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Kdnigsberg,  on  the  Passarge,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  Frische  Haff.  It  is  the  residence  of  the 
Bishop  of  Ermeland,  with  a  theological  seminary  (Roman 
Catholic),  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  yarn,  and 
a  trade  in  corn  and  timber.     Pop.  10,471. 

Braunsberg)  a  town  of  Moravia,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Prerau.     Pop.  3265. 

Braunschweig,  Germany.    See  Brunswick. 

Brannseifen,  brSwn'si-f^u,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2714. 

Brava,  bri'vi,  a  town  of  Eastern  Africa,  coast  of  Zan- 
guebar,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Magadoxo.  It  carries  on  a  trade 
with  India  and  Arabia. 

Brava,  the  southernmost  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands 
(lat.  14°  49'  N.,  Ion.  24°  45'  W.),  is  7  miles  long  and  6  miles 
broad.  It  is  rocky,  dry,  and  healthful,  with  an  industrious 
population.  The  town  of  Brava,  or  Sao  Joao  Baptista,  on 
the  E.  coast,  is  visited  by  whale-ships,  and  supplies  many 
good  seamen.  Palm-leaf  hats  are  manufactured  here. 
Area,  45  square  miles.    Total  pop.  6483. 

Bravo,  bri'vo,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  at  the 
village  of  Sherman. 

Bravo  del  Norte,  Rio.    See  Rio  Grande. 

Braw'ley,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ark. 

Brax'ton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  565  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Elk  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Kanaw- 
ha. The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Beds  of  coal  are  found  here. 
Capital,  Braxton  Court-House,  or  Sutton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6480;  in  1880,  9787;  in  1890,  13,928. 

Braxton  Court-House,  or  Sutton,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Elk  River,  about  56 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  large  saw-mill.     Pop.  700. 

Bray,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  on  the  Thames, 
containing  part  of  the  town  of  Maidenhead,  and  famous 
as  the  abode  of  "the  Vicar  of  Bray."  Pop.  5755.  In  the 
Thames  here  is  Monkey  Island. 

Bray,  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Dublin  and  Wicklow, 
on  the  Bray,  at  its  mouth,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Dub- 
lin. It  has  a  hospital,  a  harbor  for  small  sloops,  and  some 
manufactories  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  6077. 

Bray,  bri,  a  river  of  France,  between  Sarthe  and  Loir- 
et-Cher,  joins  the  Loire  at  Sougl. 

Bray,  a  small  district  of  France,  in  the  old  province 
of  Normandy,  now  included  in  the  department  of  Seine- 
Inferieure.  Bray  is  also  the  name  of  several  other  places 
in  France. 

Bray'field,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  HI. 

Bray'mer,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  450. 

Bray-sur-Seine,  bri-silR-sin,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Seine,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Provins. 
Pop.  1508. 

Ilrayton,  br&'tpn,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  2 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fall  River. 

Brayton,  a  post-village  of  Greeley  co..  Neb.,  35  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Central  City.     It  has  a  church. 


Brazeau,  bri^zo',  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Mo.  Pep 
2281.     It  contains  Altenburg  and  Wittenburg. 

Brazil,  br4-zil'  (Port,  and  Spanish  pron.  bri-zeel'  or 
bri-seel' :  Fr.  Brisil,  bri^zeel' ;  Ger.  Brasilien,  bri-zee'- 
le-§n ;  Ital.  Braaile,  bri-see'li ;  Lat.  Bratil'ia),  a  vast 
country  of  South  America,  occupying  nearly  one-half  of 
that  continent,  and  principally  in  the  torrid  zone,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Guiana  and  the  republics  of  Venezuela  and  Co- 
lombia, on  the  N.E.,  E.,  and  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  on  the  W.  by  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Paraguay.  It  extends 
from  lat.  4°  N.  to  33°  41'  S.,  and  is  mostly  included  between 
Ion.  35°  and  70°  W.  Its  greatest  length  is  about  2600  miles, 
and  the  extent  of  its  coast-line  is  nearly  3800  miles.  The 
coast-line  is  not  deeply  indented  by  bays  or  inlets,  but  the 
outline  of  the  empire  is  very  irregular.  Area,  officially  esti- 
mated at  3,209,878  square  miles,  thus  exceeding  by  about 
240,000  square  miles  the  entire  area  of  the  United  States, 
exclusive  of  Alaska.     Capital,  Rio  Janeiro. 

Mountains  and  Plains. — The  eastern  and  southern  por- 
tions are  generally  mountainous  and  hilly.  The  highest  and 
most  important  ranges  are  the  Serra  do  Espinhajo  and  the 
Serra  da  Mantiqueira,  which  are  nearly  parallel  to  the 
coast,  and  extend  between  18°  and  23°  S.  lat.  The  greatest 
altitude  of  these  is  not  much  over  9000  feet.  The  Organ 
Mountains  near  Rio  Janeiro  are  remarkable  for  picturesque 
scenery  and  rich  vegetation.  A  low  range  called  Serro  do 
Mar  extends  from  Rio  Janeiro  nearly  to  lat.  29°  S.,  and  is 
parallel  to  the  coast,  from  which  it  is  only  a  few  miles 
distant.  Extensive  table-lands  are  found  in  the  interior 
of  Brazil,  to  which  belongs  also  the  vast  plain  traversed 
by  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries.  This  plain,  called 
Silvas,  is  almost  perfectly  level,  has  a  deep  rich  soil,  and  is 
covered  with  dense  primeval  and  evergreen  forests.  "  From 
the  grassy  steppes  of  Venezuela,"  says  Orton,  "  to  the  tree- 
less pampas  of  Buenos  Ayres,  expands  a  sea  of  verdure,  in 
which  we  may  draw  a  circle  of  1100  miles  in  diameter 
which  shall  include  an  evergreen  unbroken  forest." 

Rivers. — No  country  exceeds  this  in  the  number  and 
magnitude  of  navigable  rivers,  which  form  a  complete  net- 
work and  render  the  most  central  parts  of  the  republic  easily 
accessible.  To  Brazil  belongs  the  greater  part  of  the  Ama- 
zon, which  surpasses  in  volume  every  otner  river  on  the 
globe.  It  flows  nearly  eastward  across  the  great  equatorial 
plain,  and  is  the  only  great  river  whose  course  is  all  near 
the  same  latitude.  It  enters  Brazil  at  Tabatinga  (which  is 
about  2000  miles  from  its  mouth),  and  is  navigable  for  large 
vessels  in  all  parts  of  its  course  below  that  point.  The  prin- 
cipal afiluents  of  the  Amazon,  which  all  enter  it  at  a  very 
acute  angle,  are  the  Rio  Madeira,  the  Rio  Negro,  the  Ta- 
pajos,  the  Xingu,  the  Japura,  and  the  Purus,  which  afford 
a  great  extent  of  navigable  waters.  The  mouths  of  all 
these  are  in  Brazil,  which  also  includes  the  greater  part 
of  their  course.  The  other  large  rivers  are  the  Tocantins, 
which  flows  northward,  the  San  Francisco,  which  drains  the 
eastern  part,  the  Parand,  which  flows  southwestward,  the 
Paraguay,  a  tributary  of  the  Parand,  the  Araguay,  the 
Paranahiba,  and  the  Uruguay.  These  are  mostly  navigable 
for  steamers.     Brazil  has  comparatively  few  large  lakes. 

Climate. — This  republic  is  nearly  all  in  the  torrid  zone. 
The  climate  is  generally  healthy.  In  the  great  plain  of  the 
Amazon  the  heat  is  tempered  by  immense  forests,  a  large 
expanse  of  water,  and  the  trade-wind,  which  almost  con- 
stantly blows  up  the  river.  This  equatorial  plain  enjoys 
perpetual  summer,  and  here  the  year  is  divided  into  only 
two  seasons,  the  wet  and  the  dry.  The  rainfall  is  excessive 
during  the  wet  season,  which  begins  about  December  15 
and  continues  nearly  six  months.  The  mean  annual  tem- 
perature on  the  banks  of  the  Amazon  is  about  81°.  Pari, 
which  is  scarcely  2°  from  the  equator,  enjoys  an  agreeable 
climate,  the  maximum  temperature  of  which  is  95°  and 
the  minimum  about  70°  Fahr.  At  Rio  Janeiro  the  mean 
annual  temperature  is  about  74°.  The  prevalent  winds  of 
the  greater  portion  of  Brazil  are  the  trade-winds,  which 
blow  from  the  east  and  carry  an  abundant  supply  of 
moisture  from  the  ocean  to  the  interior. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  mountains  of  Brazil  are 
mostly  composed  of  gneiss  and  granite.  Gneiss  is  exposed 
at  the  cataracts  of  the  Madeira,  the  Tapajos,  the  Tocantins, 
and  the  Xingu,  and  it  is  probable  that  this  rock  underlies 
nearly  all  the  table-lands  and  highlands.  The  valley  of 
the  Amazon  is  remarkable  for  the  uniform  character  of  its 
geology.  "  From  the  Andes  to  the  Atlantic,"  says  Prof. 
Orton,  "  and  from  the  Falls  of  the  Madeira  to  the  Orinoco, 
scarcely  anything  is  visible  but  clays  and  sandstones.  The 
fundamental  rock  is  metamorphic,  chiefly  gneiss  and  gran- 
ite," In  the  valley  of  the  Upper  San  Francisco  River  are 
limestone  caverns  containing  many  bones  of  extinct  ani- 


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701 


BRA 


mals,  such  as  the  megatherium,  mastodon,  and  glyptodon. 
Devonian  and  Carboniferous  rocks  are  found  in  parts  of 
the  country.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  diamonds, 
emeralds,  rubies,  topazes,  gold,  silver,  copper,  iron,  lead, 
coal,  mercury,  and  sulphur.  The  diamond-mines  of  Brazil 
are  among  the  most  important  in  the  world.  The  richest 
gold-mines  of  this  republic  are  in  the  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  near  Ouro  Preto.  Gold  is  found  in  quartz,  in  drift 
gravel,  and  in  alluvial  sands.  Iron  abounds  in  nearly  all 
the  states.  Rich  copper-mines  are  found  in  the  states 
of  Goyaz,  Matto-Grosso,  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.  Silver  is 
found  alloyed  with  gold  at  several  places.  Coal  is  mined  at 
several  points  in  the  S.,  and  is  of  the  carboniferous  age, 
and  highly  bituminous.  It  is  an  excellent  gas  and  steam  coal. 

Vegetation. — The  vegetation  is  extremely  luxuriant,  and 
is  composed  of  a  great  multitude  of  species.  The  great  plain, 
traversed  by  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries,  is  covered  by  a 
dense,  primeval,  and  impenetrable  forest,  in  which  gigantic 
trees  are  entwined,  draped,  and  festooned  by  parasitical 
creepers,  climbing  plants,  lianas,  &c.  No  region  in  the 
world  produces  such  a  quantity  and  variety  of  useful  and 
ornamental  timber.  Within  an  area  of  half  a  mile  square 
Agassiz  counted  117  species  of  trees.  Palms,  bananas,  and 
tree-ferns  are  forms  of  beauty  peculiar  to  a  tropical  foreet. 
Nearly  75  species  of  palm  are  found  in  the  valley  of  the 
Amazon,  including  the  Carnahuba  palm,  from  which  valu- 
able wax  is  procured.  Here  are  several  species  of  Legu- 
minosse,  which  grow  to  a  great  size.  To  this  order  belong 
the  Brazil-wood,  a  species  of  Gaaalpinia,  which  is  used  as  a 
red  dyestuflf,  and  the  Andira  aubletii,  which  aifords  durable 
ship-timber.  Among  the  other  Brazilian  trees  are  the  Si- 
jjAoniaefosh'co  (caoutchouc-tree),  the  Theobroma  Cacao,  the 
rosewood-tree,  or  jacaranda,  the  mahogany,  and  the  cocoa- 
nut  palm.  The  best  fruits  are  the  pineapple,  the  mango, 
the  banana,  the  alligator  pear  {Persea  gratissima),  the 
guava,  the  papaya,  the  orange,  and  the  Anona  equamoaa, 
called  ata  or  pinha.  The  most  important  plants  cultivated 
for  food,  Ac,  are  coffee,  sugar,  cotton,  cocoa,  rice,  maize, 
tobacco,  bananas,  yams,  and  mandioca  or  cassava,  which 
yields  farina  and  tapioca.  The  last  is  indigenous,  and  is 
the  plant  on  which  the  Indians  and  other  natives  mainly 
depend  for  subsistence.  The  root,  which  is  the  part  used 
for  food,  contains  a  deadly  poison,  which  is  easily  expelled 
by  the  action  of  fire.  The  value  of  the  annual  product  of 
coffee  is  nearly  $60,000,000,  much  more  than  that  of  any 
other  plant  cultivated  in  Brazil.  The  Ilex  curitihenais, 
which  yields  mati  or  Paraguay  tea,  is  indigenous  in  the 
southern  provinces.  Many  valuable  medicinal  plants  are 
natives  of  this  country.  Among  the  valued  native  products 
are  sarsaparilla,  copal,  copaiba,  ipecacuanha,  pareira  brava, 
jaborandi,  piassaba,  guarana,  <fcc.  The  cultivation  of  tea  is 
an  industry  of  recent  introduction,  but  of  much  promise. 

Animals. — The  number  of  species  of  animals  is  very  large. 
The  most  dangerous  beasts  of  prey  are  the  jaguar,  the  puma 
or  cougar,  the  tiger-cat,  the  wolf,  and  the  ocelot.  The 
forests  are  tenanted  by  immense  numbers  of  monkeys,  whose 
habits  are  arboreal.  Several  species  of  deer  are  found  on 
the  open  plains.  Among  the  other  animals  are  the  tapir, 
the  armadillo,  the  peccary,  the  capybara,  the  alligator,  the 
sloth,  the  ant-eater,  and  the  boa-constrictor.  The  Brazilian 
birds  are  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  their  plumage,  espe- 
cially the  parrots  and  humming-birds,  which  are  said  to  be 
more  numerous  here  than  in  any  other  country.  Here  is 
found  the  Uraponga,  campan^ro  or  tolling-bell  bird,  whose 
metallic  tones  resound  through  the  forest  like  the  strokes 
of  a  hammer  on  an  anvil.  About  2000  species  of  fish  are 
found  in  the  Amazon  River,  which  also  swarms  with  alli- 
gators, turtles,  porpoises,  and  manatees. 

The  principal  domestic  animals  are  horned  cattle,  horses, 
and  mules.  Immense  herds  of  cattle  and  horses  are  pas- 
tured on  the  plains  of  the  interior.  The  cattle  are  caught 
with  the  lasso,  and  killed  for  the  hides  and  tallow. 

Commerce  and  Industry. — The  industries  of  Brazil  are 
confined  almost  exclusively  to  agriculture,  mining,  and 
forest  products,  manufacturing  having  thus  far  been  but 
slightly  developed.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  coffee, 
india-rubber,  sugar,  raw  cotton,  hides,  and  tobacco.  The 
imports  embrace  cotton  goods,  wines  and  spirits,  pre- 
served meats  and  fish,  woollen  goods,  farinaceous  food, 
iron  and  steel,  coal,  and  manufactures  of  hides  and  leather. 
The  average  annual  value  of  the  exports  for  the  five  years, 
1883-88,  was  243,297,444  milrei8=$13], 380,619.  The  aver- 
age annual  value  of  the  imports  for  the  same  period  was 
230,062,500  milreis=$124,233,750.  The  value  of  the  im- 
ports  from  the  United  States  increased  from  $6,541,216  in 
1886,  to  $11,902,946  in  1890 ;  and  the  exports  to  the  United 
States  from  $41,907,632  in  1886,  to  $59,318,756  in  1890. 


Of  the  export  trade  the  United  States  has  altogether  the 
largest  share  of  any  one  government  (nearly  one-half  the 
entire  total),  while  of  the  import  trade  England  enjoys 
about  one-half.  The  value  of  the  coffee  alone  exported  from 
Brazil  to  the  United  States  in  1889  was  $44,891,739. 

Government,  Maces,  dbc. — The  population  of  Brazil  con- 
sists of  white  persons  of  European  descent,  negroes,  Indi- 
ans, Creoles,  mamelucos  (a  mixture  of  Indians  with  whites), 
and  mestizoes  (in  whom  negro  blood  is  mixed  with  Indian). 
The  greater  number  of  the  negroes,  who  constitute  about 
one-fifth  of  the  population,  were  until  recently  held  in 
slavery;  but  they  are  now  all  free.  The  gradual  emancipa- 
tion of  the  slaves  was  inaugurated  in  September,  1871,  when 
a  law  was  enacted  providing  that  every  child  born  of  a 
slave  mother  after  that  date  should  be  free,  but  obliged  to 
serve  the  mother's  master  until  21  years  of  age.  In  1886 
another  law  was  passed  declaring  all  sexagenarians  free, 
but  obliging  them  to  serve  their  masters  until  65  years  old. 
Finally,  in  May,  1888,  an  act  was  passed  decreeing  imme- 
diate and  unconditional  emancipation. 

Prior  to  1889  the  government  of  Brazil  was  an  hereditary 
monarchy,  but  by  a  bloodless  revolution  effected  in  that 
year  the  monarchy  was  overthrown,  the  emperor  (Dom 
Pedro  11.)  exiled,  and  a  republic  was  established  under  the 
name  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil.  The  new  govern- 
ment, formed  on  the  model  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  comprises  executive,  legislative,  and  judicial  de- 
partments, the  first-named  consisting  of  a  president,  vice- 
president,  and  cabinet,  the  second  of  a  senate  and  chamber 
of  deputies,  and  the  third  of  a  federal  supreme  court  and 
subordinate  tribunals.  The  president  and  vice-president 
are  elected  by  the  direct  votes  of  the  people,  and  must  have 
an  absolute  majority  of  the  votes  cast.  Their  term  of  oflSce 
is  four  years.  The  members  of  the  chamber  of  deputies  are 
also  elected  by  the  voters  of  the  several  states,  and  hold 
office  for  three  years.  Senators  are  chosen  by  the  state 
legislatures  (three  senators  from  each  state),  and  hold  office 
for  nine  years.  Twenty  states  (corresponding  to  the  depart- 
ments of  the  late  empire  and  bearing  their  names)  and  a 
federal  district  compose  the  new  federation. 

The  following  table,  based  on  an  official  estimate,  gives 
the  population  and  area  of  each  state  in  18S8,  and  the 
population  per  square  mile : 


States. 


Alagoas. 

AmazoDM 

Bahia 

Cear& 

Espirito  Santo 

Federal  District 

Goyaz 

Marunhao 

Matto-Grosso 

Miiias-Geraes 

Para 

I'arahyba 

l>ai'an& 

Pernambuco 

Piauhy 

Rio  (ie  Janeiro 

Rio  Gninde  do  Norte, 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul 

Santa  Catharina. 

Sao  Paulo 

Sergipe 

Total 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


22,583 

732,460 

164,649 

40,253 

17,312 

638 

288,646 

177,666 

632,708 

222,160 

443,663 

28,854 

86,463 

49,626 

116,218 

26,634 

22,195 

91,336 

27,436 

112,330 

7,370 


3,209,878 


Population 
1888. 


459,371 
80,664 

1,821,089 
952,625 
121,£62 
406,958 
211,721 
488,443 
79,750 

3,018,807 
407,350 
496,618 
187,648 

1,110,831 
266,933 

1,164,468 
308,852 
564,627 
236,346 

1,386,242 
232.640 


14,002,336 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


20. 

.11 
11. 
23.60 
7. 
766. 
.77 
2.70 
.14 
13.58 
.91 
17. 
2.19 
22. 
2.20 
43.70 
13.90 
6.18 
8.60 
12.34 
31. 

4.36 


The  chief  cities  are  Rio  Janeiro,  Bahia,  Pernambaoo,  Par&, 
Maranhao,  and  Sao  Paulo. 

History. — Brazil  was  discovered  by  Vincent  Yanei!  Pfti- 
fon,  a  companion  of  Columbus,  in  1499  or  1500.  In  the 
next  year  the  Portuguese  commander  Pedro  Alvarez  Cabral 
was  driven  by  adverse  winds  so  far  from  his  track  that  he 
landed  on  the  coast  of  Brazil  and  took  formal  possession 
of  it  for  his  sovereign.  The  country  was  gradually  colo- 
nized by  the  Portuguese,  who  formed  a  settlement  at  Rio 
Janeiro  in  1567.  The  Dutch  and  Spaniards  at  different 
times  attacked  and  destroyed  some  of  their  settlements,  but 
the  Portuguese  retained  possession  of  the  country.  When 
Napoleon  invaded  Portugal  and  announced  that  the  house 
of  Braganza  had  ceased  to  reign  (1807),  the  Portuguese  sov- 
ereign or  regent  resolved  to  take  refuge  in  Brazil,  where 
he,  with  all  the  royal  family,  arrived  in  January,  1808. 
In  1815  Brazil  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  kingdom,  and 
became  the  head  of  its  own   mother  country,  the  mon- 


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702 


BUE 


archy  being  henceforth  styled  the  United  Kingdom  of  Por- 
tugal, Brazil,  and  Algarve.  In  1821  the  king,  John  VI., 
returned  to  Portugal,  leaving  his  son  Dom  Pedro  as  regent. 
Revolutionary  movements  were  initiated  by  many  Brazil- 
ians, who  desired  a  separation  from  the  mother  country. 
Dom  Pedro  proclaimed  the  independence  of  Brazil  in  1822, 
and  assumed  the  title  of  emperor.  In  18.31  he  abdicated 
the  throne  in  favor  of  his  son  Dom  Pedro  II.,  a  minor,  who 
was  crowned  in  1841,  and  who  enjoyed  a  prosperous  reign 
until  the  revolution  of  1889  (see  Government),  which  led 
to  the  establishment  of  the  Republic.  In  1865  war  was 
declared  against  Brazil  and  the  Argentine  Republic  by 
Lopez,  dictator  of  Paraguay.  The  act  was  followed  by  a 
severe  struggle  of  five  years'  duration,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  Paraguay  had  lost  nine-tenths  of  her  male  population, 
and  her  ruler  vvas  slain- 

Bra^zil',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia,  Terre  Haute  <fc  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  57  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Indianapolis.  It  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name. 
Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  mines  of  block-coal 
and  the  manufacture  of  pig-iron.  Here  are  extensive  iron 
blast  furnaces  and  numerous  shafts  or  collieries  of  block- 
coal,  which  is  an  excellent  fuel  for  the  purpose  of  smelting 
iron  ore.  Brazil  is  the  most  populous  place  in  Clay  co.  It 
has  10  churches,  2  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  4  graded 
schools,  rolling-mills,  and  manufactures  of  turn  buckles,  rail- 
road-spikes, brick  and  tiles,  and  an  extensive  foundry  and 
machine  shops.    Pop.  in  1890,  5905;  of  the  township,  69.39. 

Brazil,  a  post-village  of  Oibson  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles 
S.W.  from  Trenton.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Brazils',  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Benton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brazito,  bri-zee'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  14 
miles  S.W.  from  Jefierson  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brazoria,  br4-zo'r§-a,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1440  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Brazos  and  San  Bernard  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  live-oak  abounds ;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  sandy. 
Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
The  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  which  has  a  terminus  at  Columbia  in 
this  county.  Capital,  Brazoria.  Pop.  in  1870,  7527;  in 
1880,  9774;  in  1890,  11,506. 

Brazoria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  about  25  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Galveston.  Steam- 
boats can  navigate  the  river  above  and  below  this  place. 
It  contains  a  college  and  5  churches.     Pop.  725. 

Brazos,  bri'zos,  a  large  river  of  Texas,  rises  in  a  high 
table-land  called  the  Staked  Plain,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state.  It  flows  eastward  to  Baylor  co.,  below  which  its 
general  direction  is  nearly  southeastward.  It  intersects 
the  counties  of  Young,  Palo  Pinto,  Hood,  Somerville,  McLen- 
nan, Falls,  Fort  Bend,  and  Brazoria,  and  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  other  counties.  It  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
in  Brazoria  co.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston.  It  is 
nearly  950  miles  long,  and  is  said  to  drain  an  area  of  34,000 
square  miles.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  during  high  water 
about  250  miles.  It  runs  through  extensive  fertile  prairies, 
in  which  cotton  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 

Brazos,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Navasota  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Brazos 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Houston 
&  Texas  Central  Railroad,  leading  north  and  south.  Capi- 
tal, Bryan.  Pop.  in  1870,  9205 ;  in  1880,  13,576;  in  1890, 
16,650.  Among  its  indigenous  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm, 
hickory,  oak,  &c. 

Brazos,  a  post-hamlet  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex.,  45  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  several  stores  and 
other  business  houses. 

Brazos  Bottom,  a  hamlet  of  Burleson  oo.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  from  Bryan.     It  has  a  church. 

Brazos  Island,  Cameron  co.,  Tex.,  is  a  coast  island 
of  sand,  nearly  destitute  of  yegetation,  and  without  good 
water.  It  extends  10  miles  S.  from  Brazos  Santiago  to 
Boca  Chica,  both  of  which  are  narrow  inlets  communicating 
with  the  lagoon  which  divides  the  island  from  the  main- 
land. Boca  Chica  is  sometimes  so  choked  with  sand  that 
Jne  island  becomes  a  peninsula. 

Brazos  Peak,  Colorado,  apeak  of  the  San  Juan  Moun- 
tains, in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.     Altitude,  11,214  feet. 


I 


Brazos  Point,  a  post-bamlet  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex., .on 
the  Brazos  River,  40  miles  S.  from  Fort  AVorth.  It  has  a 
church. 

Brazos  Santiago,  san-te-3,'go,  a  hamlet  of  Cameron 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  Brazos  Islacd,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Brownsville.  It  was  submerged  by  a  cy- 
clone in  1874,  and  entirely  washed  away. 

Brazza,  brit'si  (anc.  Brat'tia),  an  island  of  Dalmatia, 
in  the  Adriatic,  8  miles  S.  of  Spalato.  Area,  170  square 
miles.  Surface  mountainous  and  rugged  ;  but  the  island  is 
industriously  cultivated,  and  yields  oil,  figs,  almonds,  saf- 
fron, wine,  cheese,  and  honey.  Principal  villages,  Milna 
and  Neresi.  The  channel  of  Brazza,  between  it  and  the 
mainland,  is  from  7  to  8  miles  across,  afibrding  secure  an 
chorage.     Pop.  15,497. 

Breadal'bane,  a  district  of  Scotland,  comprising  the 
western  part  of  the  co.  of  Perth.  Although  traversed  by 
the  Grampians,  it  has  good  roads  and  bridges.  The  scenery 
of  Loch  Tay  and  other  situations  is  highly  picturesque 
Chief  proprietor,  the  Marquis  of  Breadalbane. 

Bread  Loaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  IMiddlebury.     Here  are  lumber-mills. 

Brea'dysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Warminster  township,  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Break'abeen,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  Schoharie  River,  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bredk'neck,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Cold  Spring. 

Breakneck,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  Evans- 
burg,  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Break's ea  Spit,  a  reef  18  miles  in  length,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Australia,  stretching  N.  from  Sandy  Cape.  Lat.,  N. 
point,  24°  24'  S.;  Ion.  153°  18'  E. 

Br^al,  bri^il',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2170. 

Breast  (or  Teton,  t§-t6No')  River,  Montana,  rises 
in  Deer  Lodge  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  in  Choteau  co.,  about  10  miles  below  Fort  Benton.  It 
is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Breath'edsville,  a  post-village  and  railroad  station 
of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (Washington  County  Branch). 
It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  a  carriage-shop,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  nurseries. 

Breathitt,  brSth'it,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  and  Middle  Forks  of  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  fertile  valley.",  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  Indian  corn  is 
the  staple  product  of  the  soil.  Beds  of  coal  and  iron  ore  are 
found  here,  the  coal  being  in  general  of  a  semi-bituminous, 
free-burning,  and  non-coking  character.  Capital,  Jackson. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5672 ;  in  1880,  7742 :  in  1890,  8705. 

Br6ant6,  bri^oHi',  a  town  of  France,  Seine-Inf6rieure, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Havre.     Pop.  1320. 

Breaux  (bro)  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  St.  Martin's 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Bayou  Teche,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Opelou- 
sas.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  cotton-gins. 

Brecey,  br§h-si',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Manche,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-L8.  Pop.  2300. 
Brechar,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands.  See  Brehar. 
Br^che-de-Roland,  braish-deh-roH6No',  a  defile  ot 
the  Pyrenees,  between  France  and  Spain,  11  miles  S.  of 
Luz,  at  an  elevation  of  9500  feet  above  the  sea.  It  formf 
a  difiBcult  passage,  from  200  to  300  feet  wide,  in  a  rocky 
wall  from  300  to  600  feet  high.  Its  name,  signifying  the 
"breach  of  Roland,"  is  derived  from  a  tradition  that  Roland 
opened  the  breach  by  a  blow  of  his  sword. 

Brechin,  brSK'in,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
on  the  South  Esk,  7i  miles  by  railway  W.N.W.  of  Montrose. 
It  stands  on  an  abrupt  declivity,  and  some  of  its  streets  are 
very  steep ;  but  it  is  well  built.  Its  cathedral,  founded  in 
the  twelfth  century,  has  a  spire  128  feet  in  height,  and  now 
serves  as  the  parish  church ;  attached  to  it  is  a  remarkable 
round  tower.  The  other  edifices  consist  of  various  chapels, 
the  town  house,  the  public  schools,  and  some  remains  of  an 
ancient  hospital.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  paper, 
spirits,  &c.  Brechin  unites  with  Montrose  in  sending  on» 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  bishop.     Pop.  (1891)  8955. 

Brechin,  brek'in,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  On- 
tario, 10  miles  from  Beaverton.     Pop.  100. 

Brecht,  brjKt,  a  town  of  Belgium,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Antwerp.     Pop.  2600. 

Breck'enridge,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  boidering  on 


BRE 


703 


BRE 


Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Rough  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Sinking  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  tulip-tree,  <fco. ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
The  rock  which  underlies  this  county  is  cavernous  lime- 
stone, in  which  occurs  a  large  cavern  called  Penitentiary 
Cave,  and  a  creek  which  flows  underground  for  several 
miles.  Capital,  Hardinsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,440  j  in 
1880,  17,486  J  in  1890,  18,976. 

Breckenridge^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Summit  cc, 
Col.,  is  in  the  Middle  Park,  in  a  rich  mining  section  110 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Denver,  and  41  miles  N.  of  Lead- 
ville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  and 
aeveral  ore-mills.  Mining  and  milling  ores  is  the  principal 
.occupation.     Pop.  714. 

Breckeiiriage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111., 
on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Spring- 
leld.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Breckenridge,   a  village  of  Harrison   co.,  Ind.,   in 
franklin  township,  14  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a 
"lurch,  2  stores,  and  a  wooden-shoe  factory. 
Breckenridge,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
rheeler  township,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
oad,  28  miles  W.  of  East  Saginaw.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber- 
ills  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 
Breckenridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilkin  co., 
[inn.,  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Red  River  of  the 
lorth,  at  the  point  where  it  first  touches  the  west  boundary 
^  the  state,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bois  des  Sioux  River. 
Steamboats  ascend  the  Red  River  to  this  place.     Elevation, 
ibB  feet.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  railroad  repair-shops.     Pop.  about  1000. 
Ibout  300  flat-boats  are  built  here  every  season  to  transport 
Dods  to  Winnipeg. 

Breckenridge,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  in 
Jreokenridge  township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
Bad,  61  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Chilli- 
tthe.     It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  2 
irniture-factories,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  school-house  which 
Dst  $20,000.     Pop.  about  1100 ;  of  the  township,  1336. 
Breckenridge)  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Testern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany. 
Breckeuridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stephens  co., 
ex.,  100   miles   W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  was  laid  out  in 
1876.     It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Breckerfeld,  brfik'k^r-f^lt^  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 14i  miles  E.  of  Elberfeld.     Pop.  1661. 

Breckin'ioc  Mere,  Llangorse  (Lan^gors')  Lake, 
or  Llyn  Safaddu,  Lin  sa.-f5,TH'e,  a  lake  of  the  co.  of 
Brecon,  one  of  the  largest  lakes  in  Wales.     Interesting  re- 
mains of  lake-dwellings  have  been  discovered  here,  and  an 
old  tradition  says  that  a  town  is  buried  under  its  waters. 
It  is  2  miles  long  and  1  mile  broad. 
Breck'nock,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.    Pop.  813. 
Brecknock,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1600. 
Brecknock  Beacon,  Wales.    See  Vana. 
Brecks'ville,  or  Bricks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Cuya- 
hoga CO.,  0.,  in  Brecksville  township,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Cleveland,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Cuyahoga  Valley  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  2 
oheese-factories.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1007. 

Breck'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  4  miles 
from  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  store. 

Brec'on,  Breck'nock,  or  Breck'nockshire,  an 
inland  county  of  South  Wales,  enclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Cardigan,  Radnor,  Carmarthen,  Glamorgan,  Monmouth,  and 
Hereford.  Area,  719  square  miles.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous. The  Wye  forms  all  the  northern  boundary ;  the 
other  rivers,  the  Usk  and  its  affluents,  water  many  small 
but  fertile  valleys.  The  principal  products  are  oats,  barley, 
wheat,  wool,  butter,  cheese,  and  cattle.  The  breed  of  sheep 
is  small,  but  of  excellent  quality.  Principal  towns,  Brecon, 
Crickhowell,  and  Builth.  The  Welsh  language  is  used  in 
parts  of  the  county.     Pop.  67,746. 

Brec'on,  Breck'nock,  or  Ab'er-Hon'dey,  a 
borough  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Brecon,  on  the  Usk, 
at  the  junction  of  three  railways,  14  miles  S.  of  Builth.  It 
has  a  picturesque  site  and  many  well-built  houses,  a  colle- 
giate church,  the  old  castle,  an  arsenal,  a  collegiate  school, 
and  an  academy.  Its  public  promenades  are  noted  for  their 
beauty.  Brecon  has  a  brisk  general  trade,  but  no  manufac- 
tories of  importance.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  6845 


Breda,  bri-di',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Brabant,  in  a  wide  marsh,  on  the  Merk,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bois-Ie-Duc.  Its  defences  are 
capable  of  being  increased  by  flooding  the  surrounding 
country.  The  town  is  regularly  and  well  built,  and  has 
ramparts  planted  with  trees.  It  contains  a  citadel,  rebuilt 
by  William  III.  of  England,  a  town  hall,  a  court-house,  an 
arsenal,  a  magnetic  observatory,  a  Latin  school,  and  manu- 
factories of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics  and  of  musical  instru- 
ments. It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  It  was  taken  by  Prince 
Maurice  of  Nassau  in  1590,  by  the  Spaniards  under  Spinola 
in  1625,  and  by  the  French  in  1793,  and  is  celebrated  for  the 
association  of  nobles  formed  in  1566,  under  the  name  of 
"the  Compromise  of  Breda,"  and  for  the  congresses  of  1667 
and  1746.     Pop.  in  1892,  23,4H8. 

Bre'da,  a  post-town  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.AV.  of  Carroll.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bredevoort,  briM^h-voRt',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Gelderland,  on  the  Bredevoorter-Aa,  in  a  marshy 
district,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  1025. 

Bre'dinsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  In 
Cranberry  township,  1  mile  from  Reno,  and  near  the  Alle- 
ghany River.     It  has  a  church.     Petroleum  is  found  here. 

Bredons,  breh-dAuo',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Cantal,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Murat.     Pop.  1002. 

Bredslawa,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Lcndenburg. 

Bredstedt,  brit'stfitt,  a  village  of  Sleswick,  near  the 
North  Sea,  and  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flensborg.     Pop.  2133. 

Br6e,  bri,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Limbourg, 
18  miles  W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  2120. 

Breede,  bri'd^h  or  breed,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  in 
Cape  Colony,  rises  about  lat.  33°  10'  S.  and  Ion.  19°  30'  E., 
and,  after  a  southeastward  course,  enters  the  sea  at  Port  Beau- 
fort. It  is  the  deepest  and  one  of  the  largest  rivers  of  the 
colony ;  but  its  navigation  is  impeded  by  a  bar  at  its  mouth. 

Breed'ings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Breed's,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Orion 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Peoria.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Breeds'ville,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
in  Columbia  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  South  Haven,  and  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school, 
2  tanneries,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  fruit  evaporators, 
eider-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Breese,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
<fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  near  Shoal  Creek,  39  miles  E. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a 
fruit-drying  factory,  2  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of 
cigars,  &o.     Pop.  about  900. 

Brees'port,  a  post-village  of  Chemung  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
Newtown  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese,  flour,  leather,  woollen  goods,  &c. 

Breeze  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0. 

Bregaglia,  Switzerland.     See  Val  Bregaqlia. 

Bregan9on,  br§h-g6No^s6No',  a  fortified  islet  of  France, 
in  Var,  20  miles  E.  of  Toulon,  in  the  Bay  of  Hyeres. 

Bregello,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Brescello. 

Bregenz,  or  Bregentz,  bri'ghints  (anc.  Brigan'tinm 
or  Brigan'tia),  a  frontier  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  capital  of 
Vorarlberg,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance, and  on  a  railway,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Innspruck. 
It  has  some  manufactures,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  3686. 

Brehal,bri^il',  atown  of  France,  department  of  Manche, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1538. 

Bre'har,  or  Bry'her,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  oo.  of 
Cornwall,  England,  30  miles  W.  of  Land's  End.     Pop.  104 

Brehat,  bri,^&',  an  island  of  France,  in  the  English 
Channel,  ofi'  the  coast  of  Bretagne,  4  miles  N.  of  Paimpol. 
It  has  a  light-house.     Pop.  1212. 

Brehna,  bri'nfl,,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony 
12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Halle.     Pop.  2166. 

Breil,  bril  (Ital.  Breglio,  bril'yo),  a  town  of  France- 
in  Alpes-Maritimes,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  2595. 

Breinigsville,  bri'nigs-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Catasauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Catasauqua ;  has  a  coach-factory  and  an  iron-mine. 

Breisach,  or  Alt-Breisach,  &lt-bri-ziK'  (Fr.  Bri- 
each,  bree^z&k'),  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Baden,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  immediately  opposite  Nen- 
Breisach.     It  has  a  handsome  cathedral.     Pop.  2355. 

Breisgau,  brice'gSw,  an  old  division  of  Germany,  in 


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the  S.W.  of  Swabia.  It  was  long  held  by  the  Counts  of 
Breisachj  and  was  afterwards  united  to  the  dominions  of 
Austria.  It  was  ceded  in  1806  chiefly  to  Baden,  with  small 
portions  to  Switzerland  and  Wiirtemberg. 

Breitenbach,  or  Gross  Breitenbacb,  groce  bri'- 
ten-b3,K\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarzburg-Sonders- 
hausen,  23  miles  N.  of  Coburg.     Pop.  2513. 

Breitenbach,  a  village  of  Prussia.     Pop.  851. 

Breitenbach,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  14i 
miles  N.  of  Soleure.     Pop.  610. 

Breitenbach,  a  village  of  Alsace  (Elsass-Lothringen), 
3  miles  N.  from  Weiler.     Pop.  1259. 

Breitenfeld,  bri't§n-f51t\  a  village  of  Saxony,  4  miles 
N.  of  Leipsio,  remarkable  for  two  battles  gained  by  the 
Swedes  during  the  Thirty  Years'  War ;  the  first,  September 
7,  1631 ;  the  other,  November  2,  1642.     Pop.  209. 

Brejo,  bri'zhft,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  210  miles 
S.W.  of  Maranhao  (Sao  Luiz).     Pop.  3000. 

Brellington,  a  town  of  England.    See  Bridlington. 

BrembiOy  brfim'bee^o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  9  miles  S.E.  by  S.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  2981. 

BrenibOy  brfim'bo,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  rises  in  a 
series  of  lakes,  between  the  province  of  Bergamo  and  the 
Valtelline,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Adda  on  the  right. 

Bremen,  brdm'^n  (Ger.  pron.  bri'm^n;  Fr.  Brime, 
Draim  or  brfim ;  L.  Bre'ma),  one  of  the  free  cities  or  Hanse 
towns  of  Germany,  on  both  banks  of  the  Weser,  59  miles 
S.W.  of  Hamburg.  Lat.  53°  4'  36"  N.;  Ion.  8°  48'  64"  E. 
It  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  The  city  is  divided 
by  the  river  into  the  old  town  on  the  right  and  the  new 
town  on  the  left  bank.  In  the  former,  the  older  streets  are 
often  narrow  and  crooked,  and  the  houses  are  decorated  in 
the  style  of  the  Middle  Ages.  The  river  is  crossed  by  an 
old  and  a  new  bridge ;  the  quays  are  extensive,  and  the 
ramparts  form  agreeable  promenades.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  St.  Peter's  church,  or  the  Dom  Kirche,  the  church 
of  St.  Ansgarius,  a  town  hall,  an  old  Gothic  building,  the  ob- 
servatory of  Olbers,  a  museum,  a  high  school,  a  gymnasium, 
a  school  of  commerce  and  navigation,  a  school  of  design,  and 
a  public  library.  Bremen  has  an  extensive  foreign  trade 
(especially  with  North  America),  much  of  which  is  conducted 
at  the  ports  of  Bremerhaven  and  Vegesack.  Bremen  is  a 
principal  port  for  the  shipment  of  emigrants,  and  is  one 
of  the  greatest  tobacco-markets  in  the  world ;  it  imports 
also  much  petroleum.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  North 
German  Lloyds  steamship  lines.  Chief  exports,  linen  and 
woollen  goods,  dried  fruit,  rags,  grain,  oak  bark,  glass,  and 
provisions.  The  chief  industry  of  Bremen  consists  in  ship- 
building, and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  cottons,  paper, 
starch,  colors,  and  cigars ;  it  has  also  extensive  sugar-re- 
fineries, beer-breweries,  and  distilleries.     It  is  a  free  port. 

Bremen  first  rose  into  note  about  the  year  788,  when  it 
was  made  a  bishopric  by  Charlemagne.  Subsequently  it 
was  elevated  to  the  dignity  of  an  archbishopric,  which, 
at  the  treaty  of  Westphalia,  in  1648,  was  secularized  in  favor 
of  Sweden.  After  various  political  changes,  the  city  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  1806.  In  1815  it  was  restored  to 
its  old  franchises  by  the  Congress  of  Vienna.  Pop.  in  1880, 
112,158;  in  1890,  124,940. 

The  republic  op  Bremen  now  forms  an  integral  part  of 
the  German  empire.  Area,  97  square  miles.  It  consists 
principally  of  a  level  sandy  tract  surrounding  the  city  of 
Bremen,  and  divided  by  the  river  Weser,  the  towns  of  Bre- 
merhaven and  Vegesack  occupying  each  a  small  detached 
territory.  The  republic  of  Bremen,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Freeport  and  Bremerhaven,  belongs  since  1888  to  the 
Zollverein,  the  empire  paying  12,000,000  marks  for  it.  It 
sends  a  representative  to  the  imperial  diet,  and  has  a  vote  in 
the  federal  council.  Capital,  Bremen.  Pop.  in  1875, 142,200, 
chiefly  Protestants;  in  1880,  156,723;  in  1890,  180,309. 

Bremen,  Duchy  op  (Ger.  Herzogthum  Bremen,  hfiRt'- 
sfto-toom  bri'm^n),  an  old  duchy  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Lower  Saxony.  In  1719  it  was  sold  to  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick.  Chief  towns,  Verden  and  Stade.  The  town  of 
Bremen  was  not  comprised  in  it :  it  now  belongs  to  Prussia, 
and  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Hanover. 

Bre'men,  a  post-village  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga.,  54  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
schools  for  white  and  colored.     Pop.  300. 

Bremen,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  2 
other  stores. 

Bremen,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  Yellow 
River,  89  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  from  Chicago.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  fur- 
niture, &Q. 

Bremen,  a  post- village  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  about 


56  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  is  5  miles  W.  by  N. 
from  South  Carrollton  Railroad  Station,  and  has  3  churches 
and  2  public  schools.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bremen,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  35  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Augusta,  on  Muscongus  Cove  and  Broad  Bay  Sound.  Its 
people  are  engaged  in  maritime  pursuits.     Pop.  797. 

Bremen,  a  former  village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi,  4  miles  above  St.  Louis,  of  which  city  it  now 
forms  a  part. 

Bremen,  Auglaize  co.,  0.    See  New  Bremen. 

Bremen,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Rush 
Creek  township,  on  Rush  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  il 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville, 
and  10  miles  B.  of  Lancaster.   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  266. 

Bre'mer,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cedar 
and  Wapsipinicon  Rivers.  The  Shell  Rock  River  touehea 
the  S.W.  part  of  it.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  A  large  proportion  of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City,  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern,  and  a  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroads,  which  pass  through  Waverly,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,628 ;  in  1880,  14,081 ;  in  1890,  14,630. 

Bremer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Waverly. 

Bremerhaven,  bri'm§r-h4^f§n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
34  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Bremen,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  estuary  of  the  Weser,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Geeste,  in  a  small  detached  part  of  the  territory  of  Bremen. 
This  thriving  port,  built  by  Bremen  in  1830  for  the  accom- 
modation of  large  vessels  connected  with  its  trade,  has  an 
outer  harbor,  a  dock,  and  an  inner  harbor,  great  wet-  and 
dry-docks,  and  a  hospitium  for  emigrants.  The  differencs 
between  the  lowest  ebb  and  the  highest  flood  is  26  feet,  but 
the  average  rise  does  not  exceed  10  feet.    P.  (1890)  16,414. 

Bremerlehe,  bri'm^r-li^^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Hanover,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stade.     Pop.  6080. 

Bremervorde,  br4'm§r-foRM§h,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  on  the  Oste,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bremen.  It 
has  distilleries,  paper-  and  leather-manufactories,  and  nn 
active  commerce  by  canals.     Pop.  2903. 

Bremgarten,  brfim'gaRH^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  2  miles  N.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1088. 

Bremgarten,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau 
on  the  Reuss,  14^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1628. 

Bremgarten,  a  village  of  Baden,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Freiburg.     Pop.  592. 

Bre'mo  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Bre^mond',  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Houston  &  'Texas  Central  Railroad,  143  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Houston,  and  123  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  is  the  south- 
eastern terminus  of  the  Waco  Branch  Railroad.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  biink,  a  newspaper  ofl&ce,  and  a  high  school. 

Brenditz,  brdn'dits,  a  village  of  Moravia,  2  milet 
N.N.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  640. 

B rend  Ola,  brfin'do-li,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Vioenza.     Pop.  3147. 

Breneau,  a  river  of  Idaho.    See  Bruneau. 

Bren'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  with  a  station 
on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Dover. 

Breng,  a  valley  of  Cashmere.     See  Bureng. 

Brenham,  bren'am,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  <fe  Texas 
Central  Railroad,  93  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  72  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Houston.  It  has  8  churches,  the  Live-Oak  Fe 
male  Seminary,  an  opera-house,  3  banks,  a  foundry,  several 
carriage-shops,  and  a  planing-mill.  A  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  About  25,000  bales  of  cot- 
ton are  received  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  5209. 

Brenne,  brfinn,  a  river  of  France,  in  CSte-d'Or,  joins 
the  Armanjon  on  the  right  near  St.-Remy. 

Brenner,  brin'nfer,  a  mountain  of  Austria,  one  of  the 
culminating  points  of  Tyrol,  between  the  Inn,  the  Aioha, 
and  the  Adige.     Elevation,  6788  feet. 

Brenner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Atchison. 

Brenner,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn. 

Breno,  bri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Oglio.  In  its  vicinity  are  extensive 
stalactite  grottos.     Pop.  3133. 

Brent,  brSnt,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Herts  and 
Middlesex,  enters  the  Thames  at  Brentford. 

Brent,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Somerset,  enters  thb 
Bristol  Channel  near  Bridgewater. 


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Brenta,br4n'ti(ano.  Medo'acua  or  Medu'acua  Ma'jor), 
navigable  river  which  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  and  traverses 
Lombardy,  passing  Bassano,  feeds  the  Canal  of  Brentelle, 
supplies  the  Brenta  Morta  Canal,  called,  in  its  lower  course, 
Brenta  Magra,  and,  under  the  name  of  Brenta  Nova  or 
Brentone,  feeds  the  Bacohiglione  and  several  canals,  and 
enters  the  Adriatic  at  Brondolo.     Length,  90  miles, 

Brent'ford)  a  town  of  England,  and  the  nominal  cap- 
1  of  the  CO.  of  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  here  crossed 
a  bridge  leading  to  Kew,  and  on  two  railways,  7i  miles 
.  of  London.  The  river  Brent  divides  the  town  into  Old 
d  New  Brentford.  Here  are  great  water-works  (for  Lon- 
n)  with  a  stand-pipe  226  feet  high.  The  town  has  some 
,de,  and  is  the  seat  of  varied  manufactures.  Pop.  11,091. 
Breu'ton,  a  township  of  Ford  oo..  III.  Pop.  1073.  It 
ntains  Piper  City. 

Bren'ton  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  N.  coast  of  Melville 
land,  Australia,  between  Smoky  Point  and  Point  Byng. 
Brentonico,  br4n-to-ne'ko,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
miles  S.W.  of  Roveredo,  on  the  N.  slope  of  Monte  Baldo, 
,th  quarries  of  marble.     Pop.  of  commune,  4025. 
Breuts'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Occoquan   Creek,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Washington,  D.C.    It  has  a  church,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  &o, 
Brent'wood)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  a 
ilway,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  3737. 
Brent'wood,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal., 
35  miles  direct  or  53  miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Francisco, 
t  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 
Brentwoodj  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
aeon  &  Brunswick  Eailroad,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick. 
Brentwood,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.H., 
out  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  895. 
Brentwood,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
ng  Island  Railroad,  42  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a 
lUrch,  2  nurseries,  and  about  40  houses.     Pop.  200. 
Brentwood,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
Nashville.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Brent'Wood,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  1^ 
les  from  New  Lowell.     Pop.  200. 

Brenz,  brSnts,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  10  miles  S.E. 
Heidenheim,  on  the  Brenz.     Pop.  843. 
Brescello,  br4-shSl'lo,  or  Bregello,  br3,-jfil'lo  (anc. 
'rixel'lum),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  province  and  18 
"les  N.W.  of  Reggio,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4852. 
Brescia,  brSsh'e-a  or  brfish'i  (anc.  Brix'ia),  a  city  of 
ly,  capital  of  the  province  of  Brescia,  60  miles  E.N.E,  of 
Milan,  on  the  Garza,  at  a  railway  junction.   It  is  handsome, 
flourishing,  and  enclosed  by  ramparts,  now  dismantled.  Prin- 
cipal buildings,  the  new  cathedral,  entirely  of  marble,  begun 
in  1604,  the  old  cathedral,  and  a  baptistery,  both  very  old 
■tructures,  numerous  churches,  richly  adorned  with  works 
"  art,  the  bishop's  palace,  hall  of  justice,  on  the  site  of  an 
cient  temple,  a  large  theatre,  the  Broletto,  or  old  palace, 
and  several  private  palaces,  with  numerous  fountains,  and  re- 
mains of  antiquity.     In  a  Roman  edifice,  excavated  in  1822, 
a  fine  museum  of  antiquities  has  been  deposited.     It  has  a 
public  library  with  a  collection  of  rare  MSS.,  a  college, 
an  athenaeum,  and  many  endowed  charitable  establishments. 
The  arras  and  cutlery  made  here  are  renowned,  and  have 
long  been  considered  the  best  in  Italy.     Brescia  has  also 
manufactures  of  silk,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics,  paper,  and 
leather.     Near  it  are  large  iron-works  and  oil-mills;  and 
its  wine  enjoys  repute. 

Brescia  was  the  seat  of  a  school  of  painting  of  great 
merit,  to  which  many  eminent  artists  belonged.  The  city 
is  of  great  antiquity,  having  been  the  chief  town  of  the 
Cenomani,  a  Gallic  tribe,  and  in  mediaeval  and  modern  his- 
tory it  figures  prominently.     Pop.  in  1891,  59,792. 

Brescia,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  having 
Tyrol  on  the  N.  and  the  Lago  di  Garda  on  the  E.  Area, 
1784  square  miles.  Capital,  Brescia.  Pop.  (1891)  501,631. 
Brescou,  brSs^koo'  (anc.  Blas'con),  a  small  island  of 
ranee,  department  of  H6rault,  near  the  town  of  Agde, 
ith  a  port,  and  a  small  fort,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cette. 
Br^sil,  the  French  for  Brazil. 

Breskens,  brSs'k^ns,  or  Bresjes,  brSs'yfis,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  5i  miles  S.  of 
Middelburg,  on  the  West  Scheldt.     Pop.  1491. 

Breslau,br88'lawor  br4s'16w(L.  ]iratisla'via),wntten 
also  Breslaw,  a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  at  the  junction  of  numerous  rail- 
ways, 190  miles  S.E.  of  Berlin.  Lat.  51°  6'  57"  N. ;  Ion. 
17°  2'  33"  E.  It  is  divided  by  the  Oder  into  the  old  and  the 
new  town,  surrounded  by  planted  walks,  and  united  by  nu- 
merous bridges.     It  has  many  fine  squares  and  good  public 


edifices;  the  latter  comprise  the  cathedral,  founded  in  the 
twelfth  century,  St.  Elizabeth's  church,  with  a  spire  364 
feet  in  elevation,  several  other  churches  richly  ornamented, 
the  old  town  house,  built  in  the  fourteenth  century,  the 
governor's  house,  bishop's  palace,  mint,  exchange,  barracks, 
and  university  buildings.  In  one  of  the  squares  is  a  colos- 
sal bronze  statue  of  Bliicher.  The  university,  transferred 
hither  from  Frankfort-on-the-Oder  in  1811,  has  a  library 
of  300,000  printed  volumes  and  2300  manuscripts.  Breslau 
has  other  libraries,  4  gymnasia,  an  astronomical  and  a  mag- 
netic observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  schools  of  industry, 
of  surgery,  of  architecture,  and  of  arts,  Roman  Catholic 
and  Protestant  colleges,  and  numerous  charitable  establish- 
ments. It  is  the  great  emporium  for  the  linens  of  Silesia, 
for  which  it  has  four  annual  fairs  of  eight  days  each,  and  the 
greatest  mart  for  wool  in  Germany.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen,  woollen,  cotton,  and  silk  fabrics,  spirits,  lace,  nee- 
dles, plate,  jewelry,  earthenware,  colors,  soap,  alum,  starch, 
snuff,  and  sealing-wax ;  and  an  extensive  trade  in  mining 
produce,  timber,  flax,  hemp,  madder,  wool,  com,  and  oxen, 
and  in  Hungarian  wines  and  other  merchandise.  It  has  an 
active  trade  on  the  Oder  and  by  railway.  Except  Berlin 
and  Hamburg,  it  is  the  largest  city  in  the  German  Empire. 
Pop.  in  1811,  63,237;  in  1875,  239,050;  in  1890,  335,186. 

Breslau,  br5s'16w,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Southside  Railroad,  33  miles  from  Brooklyn.  It  is 
in  Babylon  township,  and  is  handsomely  laid  out.  Pop. 
1200,  mainly  Germans. 

Bresian,  br&'low,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  200. 

Bresle,  brail,  a  small  river  of  France,  between  the  de- 
partments of  Somme  and  Seine-Inf^rieure,  enters  the  English 
Channel  at  Le  Treport.     Length,  35  miles. 

Bresles,  brail,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Oise, 
10  miles  E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  357. 

Bressa,  bris'sa,  or  Bressay,  brfis'si,  one  of  the  Shet- 
land Islands,  E.  of  Mainland,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
Bressay  Sound.  Lerwick  is  supplied  with  peat,  and  the 
whole  of  Shetland  with  slates,  from  this  island.     Pop.  878. 

Bressanone,  the  Italian  for  Brixkn. 

Bresse,  brfiss,  an  old  division  of  France,  in  Burgundy 
(capital,  Bourg),  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Ain. 
It  was  obtained  by  exchange  from  Savoy  in  1601. 

Bressuire,  brfis^sweeR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
SSvres,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  N.  of  Niort.   P.  3286. 

Brest  (L.  Bres'tum  ;  Fr.  pron.  the  same  as  the  English), 
a  city  of  France,  department  of  FinistSre,  about  40  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Quimper,  and  389  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Paris,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  a  small  gulf  called  the  Road  of  Brest.  Lat. 
(of  observatory)  48°  23'  32"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  29'  25"  W.  It  is 
a  fortified  city  of  the  first  class.  It  is  encircled  by  ramparts 
which,  being  planted  with  trees,  form  agreeable  promenades, 
and  afford  a  fine  view  of  the  harbor  and  shipping.  From 
its  natural  advantages,  the  extent  of  its  various  establish- 
ments, and  its  means  of  defence,  Brest  is  one  of  the  first 
naval  ports  of  Europe.  The  outer  road  is  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  world,  and  has  no  superior  in  the  safety  and  excel- 
lence of  its  anchorage.  It  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a 
single  passage,  called  the  Goulet,  1750  yards  broad.  In  the 
middle  of  this  channel  rise  the  Mingan  Rocks,  which  contract 
the  entrance  and  oblige  ships  to  pass  immediately  under 
the  batteries.  From  this  entrance  to  the  mouth  of  the  Elon 
the  roadstead  is  about  6  miles  in  length.  Its  diameter  varies 
considerably,  from  the  irregularity  of  the  shores,  but  in 
some  places  it  is  3  miles.  Its  inner  harbor  is  one  of  the 
most  secure  in  Europe.  It  has  large  basins,  extensive  quays, 
arsenals,  vast  magazines,  building-yards,  large  barracks  and 
storehouses.  The  city,  built  on  the  slopes  of  hills,  is  divided 
by  the  port  into  two  parts,  which  communicate  by  a  fine 
bridge;  that  on  the  right  is  called  .ffecoM»ra»ice.  The  upper 
and  lower  parts  of  the  town  are  connected  by  steep  streets, 
and  in  some  places  only  by  stairs.  Brest  has  important  edu- 
cational estaolishmonts,  a  medical  school,  a  naval  school, 
a  college,  a  school  of  hydrography,  a  public  library,  a  bo- 
tanic garden,  and  an  observatory.  The  port  has  little  trade, 
and  its  manufactures,  outside  the  arsenals,  are  not  large. 
The  merchant-shipping  is  small  in  extent.  A  telegraph 
cable  extends  hence  to  Duxbury,  Mass.  Richelieu  was  the 
first  to  take  advantage  of  the  natural  capabilities  of  the 
port  for  a  naval  station,  and  in  1631  commenced  the  fortifi 
cations.     Pop.  in  1876,  66,828;  in  1891,  75,854. 

Brest,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Erie 
(Brest  Bay),  5  miles  E.  of  Monroe.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  im- 
portant fishery,  and  has  an  excellent  harbor  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     It  was  formerly  a  place  of  great  promise. 

Brest-LitOTSk,  brSst-IeoHCvsk'  (Polish,  Brzesc  oj 
Brzest,  bzhfists),  formerly  Berestie,  and  Berestoff 


BRE 


706 


BRI 


town  of  Russian  Poland,  131  miles  S.  of  Grodno,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  navigable  rivers  Mukhovetz  and  Bug,  and  of 
several  railways.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  Armenian  bishop,  and 
has  a  great  trade  by  river,  canal,  and  railway.    Pop.  37,981. 

Breszno  Banya,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Bkies. 

Bresztovacz,  brfisHoVits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bdcs,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Apatin.     Pop.  3760. 

Bretagne,  br§h-t&n'  or  brit'an  (in  English,  Brittany, 
brit'ta-ne,  and  sometimes  Little  Britain:  see  Great  Brit- 
ain), an  old  province  in  the  N.W".  of  France,  forming  an 
extensive  peninsula  between  the  English  Channel  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Finis- 
tdre,  C6tes-du-Nord,  Morbihan,  and  Loire-Inf6rieure.  It 
was  divided  into  Haute-Bretagne,  the  capital  of  which  was 
Rennes,  and  Basse-Bretagne,  capital,  Vannes.  Its  people 
are  largely  Celts,  of  the  Cymric  branch,  and  very  generally 
speak  the  Armorican  language,  which  resembles  the  Welsh. 
It  long  preserved  its  sovereigns,  who  bore,  successively,  the 
titles  of  kings,  counts,  and  dukes.  It  was  united  to  France 
by  the  marriage  of  Charles  VIII.  with  Anne,  daughter  of 

the  last  duke,  Francis   II.,  in  1491. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Breton,  brit'un. 

Bretenoiix,  br^t-noo',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Lot,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Figeac,  on  the  CSre.     Pop.  922. 

Breteuil,  br^hHul',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Eure,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Evreux,  on  the  Iton.     Pop.  2942. 

Breteuil,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Oise,  on  a 
railway,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  2802. 

Bretigny,  briHeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure- 
et-Loir,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E,  of  Chartres.     Pop.  127. 

Bre'ton,  a  township  of  Washington  oo..  Mo.  Pop. 
239(3.     It  includes  Potosi. 

Breton  (brit'ton)  Bay,  West  Australia,  18  miles  N. 
of  Perth.     The  river  Garban  discharges  itself  into  the  bay. 

Breton,  Cape.     See  Cape  Breton. 

Bretten,  br^t'ten,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  13 
miles  E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  3433. 

Brett'Iand  (post-office  and  station.  Lick  Run),  a  min- 
ing village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  York  township,  on  the  Co- 
lumbus &  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Lan- 
caster.    Here  are  2  coal-mines. 

Bretz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of 
Dubois  CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  4  miles  E.  of  Hunt- 
ingburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Breukelen,  brb'kSl-^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Vecht,  and  on  the  Am- 
sterdam &  Arnhem  Railway.  Pop.  1833.  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
was  first  named  Breukelen,  in  commemoration  of  this  place. 

BreVard',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Florida,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W. 
partly  by  Lake  Okechobee.  The  surface  is  level,  low,  and 
partly  occupied  by  swamps,  in  which  the  cypress- tree 
flourishes.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy. ,  Many  cattle  are 
reared  in  this  county.  The  extreme  N.  is  traversed  by  the 
Jacksonville,  Tampa  &  Key  West  Railroad.  Capital,  Titus- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  1216;  in  1880,  1478;  in  1890,  3401. 

Brevard,  a  hamlet  in  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  There  are 
cotton-mills  in  the  vicinity,  also  2  churches.  Here  is 
Stanley's  Creek  Post-Office. 

Brevard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Transylvania  oo., 
N.C.,  is  in  Brevard  township,  and  in  the  French  Broad 
Valley,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Asheville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  784. 

Br^ven,  or  Br^vent,  briViN»',  a  mountain  of  the 
Pennine  Alps,  Savoy.  Its  summit,  8500  feet  above  the  sea, 
is  the  best  place  to  take  a  view  of  the  whole  of  Mont  Blanc. 

Brevig,  bri'vig,  a  town  of  Norway,  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Laurvig,  on  the  Langesund-Fiord.     Pop.  2000, 

Bre  Voort'  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Post-Office. 

Brew'er,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  is  in 
Brewer  township,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  opposite  Bangor, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  and  on  the  Bucks- 
port  <fc  Bangor  Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  number  of  saw-mills,  in  some 
of  which  steam-power  is  used ;  it  has  also  a  tannery  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3214. 

Brevv'er's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 
Brewer's  Mil]s,  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rideau  Canal,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Kingston.   P.  150. 
BreAv'ersviile,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Sand  Creek,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.   It  has  a  church. 
Brew'erton,  a  post-village  of  New  York,  is  partly  in 
Onondaga  co.  and  partly  in  Oswego  co.     It  is  on  the  Oneida 
River,  at  the  west  end  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the  Syracuse 


Northern  Railroad,  15   miles  N.  of  Syracuse.      It  has  2 
churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  vinegar-factory.     Pop.  518. 

Brewerton,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  oo.,  S.C. 

Brew'er  Village,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  oo..  Me  , 
in  Brewer  township,  on  the  E,  bank  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  and  on  the  Bucksport  &  Bangor  Railroad,  2^  mile? 
below  Bangor.  It  has  a  church,  3  large  saw-mills,  2  brick- 
yards, and  2  grist-mills. 

Brew'ervilie,  a  village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  2  milee 
from  Coatopa  Station,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Livingston.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Brew'ington,  township,  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  199. 

Brew'ster,  a  station  in  Pike  co.,  111.,  on  the  Quincy, 
Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Brewster,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Brewster  township,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  manufactory  of  stockings.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1269. 

Brewster,  a  post-office  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 

Brewster,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Blaine  co..  Neb.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Dunning,  and  40  miles  N.  of  Broken  Bow. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop 
about  250. 

Brewster  or  Brewster's  Station,  a  post-village 
of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
63  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York,  and  about  11  miles  W.  of 
Danbury,  Conn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  hat-factory,  a  manu- 
factory of  condensed  milk,  a  mine  of  iron  ore,  15  stores,  and 
2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Brewster,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Brew'ton,  a  thriving  post-town,  the  capital  of  Es- 
cambia CO.,  Ala.,  106  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Montgomery, 
and  74  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Brezowa,  bri-zo'^a,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neutra, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Leopoldstadt.     Pop.  6430. 

Brian^on,  bre-6N<»^s6N°'  (anc.  Brigan'tium),  a  town  of 
France,  Hautes- Alpes,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Durance,  55 
miles  N.E.  of  Gap,  near  the  Italian  frontier ;  a  fortified  place, 
a  kind  of  Alpine  Gibraltar.  It  stands  on  an  eminence  at 
the  foot  of  the  Col  de  GenSvre,  at  the  point  where  two  small 
rivers  unite  and  form  the  Durance.  It  is  4284  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  one  of  the  highest  towns  in 
France.  Its  numerous  fortified  positions  are  connected  by 
underground  galleries.  Brianjon  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton goods,  cutlery,  and  lead-pencils.  It  has  a  trade  in  what 
is  called  Brianjon  chalk,  and  in  various  forest  products. 
The  Brianjon  manna  is  made  from  larch  resin.    Pop.  3698. 

Brian^onnois,  or  Brian^onnais,  bre-6N"'son'ni', 
an  old  district  of  France,  in  Dauphin6,  the  capital  of  which 
was  Brianf  on. 

Briansk,  bre-^nsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Desna,  70 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Orel.  It  has  16  churches,  a  monastery, 
with  a  seminary,  a  cannon-foundry  and  manufactory  of 
small  arms,  and  factories  for  rope,  tallow,  bricks,  flour,  to- 
bacco, beer,  spirits,  &o.     Pop.  13,881. 

Bri'ant,  or  Bry'ant,  a  post-village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind., 
in  Bear  Creek  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  & 
Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  staves  and  heading.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Bri'ar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  in  Co- 
lona  township,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Briar  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Briar  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1077,  exclusive  of  Berwick. 

Briare,  bre-aR'  (anc.  Brivodu'rum),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  at  the  head  of  the  Canal 
de  Briare,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Gien.     Pop.  4775. 

Briatexte,  bre-i^tfixt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  on 
the  Dadou,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Lavaur.     Pop.  1403. 

Briatico,  bre-i'te-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
tanzaro,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nicotera.     Pop.  3321. 

Bribiesca,  bre-ve-fis'kS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Oca.     Pop.  3310. 

Bribir,  bre^been',  a  town  of  Croatia,  near  the  sea,  and 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  4150. 

Bricherasio,  bre-k4-ra,'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Turin,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  3502. 

Brick,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2724.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Lakewood. 

Brick  Chap'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  .'• 
miles  N.  from  Greencastle.     It  has  a  church. 

Brick  Church,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co..  Md. 


BRl 


707 


BRI 


ou  the  Pope's  Creek  Line  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.  of  Bowie.   There  is  a  church  in  the  vicinity. 

Brick  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Greensborough. 

Brick  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.E.  from  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Brick  Church,  a  station  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Brick'erville,  a  post-village  of  , Lancaster  co.  Pa.,  5 
miles  N.E.  from  Litiz  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Brick'ey's  Landing  (CliflfPost-Office),  St.  Genevieve 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  on  the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  above  St. 
Genevieve.     It  has  a  steamboat-landing  and  a  flour-mill. 

Brick  Meet'ing-House,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  10  miles  N.E.  from  Port  Deposit,  and  6  miles  S.  from 
Oxford,  Pa.     It  has  3  churches  and  one  or  two  flour-mills. 

Brick  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Maryville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bricksburg,  Ocean  co.,  N.J.    See  Lakewood. 

Brick  Store,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Brick  Tav'ern,  a  post-oSice  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 
,   Brick'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  i  mile  S. 
of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  about  10  miles  E.  of  Florence. 

Brick'yard,  a  village  in  Barrington  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Pop.  140. 

Brick  Yards,  a  station  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Boston,  at  the  junction  of 
^e  Watertown  Branch. 

wBricquebec,  breek^bgk',  a  town  of  France,  department 
^  Manehe,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  3622. 

Bridal  Veil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Multnomah  co.,  Ore., 
28  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Portland.     It  has  manufactures  of 

aber  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 
iBride,  a  river  of  Ireland,  m  Munster,  cos.  of  Cork  and 
taterford,   flows  eastward,   and  joins  the  Blackwater   8 
f]es  N.  of  Youghal.     Length,  25  miles. 

Tride,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Cork,  joins 

Lee  6  miles  W.  of  Cork.     Length,  11  miles. 
[Bridesburg,  bridz'burg,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in 
25th  ward,  is  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Penn- 
(Ivania  Railroad,  lOJ  miles  from   Broad  Street  Station. 

Bre  is  a  United  States  arsenal. 
|B ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  Gyp- 
Ini  Creek,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Salina.     It  has  a  church. 
■  Bridgeborough,  brij'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  of  Bur- 
'llngton  CO.,  N.J.,  in  Delran  township,  on  Rancocas  Creek, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Camden,  and  2  miles  from  Riverside  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in 
Auburn  township,  8  miles  N.E.  from  Mantua  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  "Wis. 
Pop.  844,  exclusive  of  Augusta. 

Bridge^hamp'ton,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1185.     It  contains  Carsonville  and  Forester. 

Bridgehampton,  a  post- village  of  Southampton  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island,  about  2  miles  from 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Riverhead. 
Bridgehampton  Station  is  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Sag  Harbor.     Pop.  of  parish,  1334. 

Bridge  Junction,  astation  in  East  St.  Louis,  111.,  where 
centre  various  railroads  which  cross  the  Mississippi  River 
to  St.  Louis. 

Bridge  Land'ing,  or  Murrell's'  Point,  a  hamlet 
in  Webster  parish,  La.,  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on 
Dorcheat  Bayou,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has 
a  steam  cotton-gin  and  a  grist-mill,  and  is  a  shipping-point 
of  some  importance.  The  Dorcheat  is  here  bridged.  Near- 
est post-office,  Minden. 

Bridgend,  bri'jend^  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan, on  the  Ogmore,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cowbridge.     Pop.  3539. 

Bridgenorth,  brij'north  (ano.  Brugia  or  Bruges),  a 
borough  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the  Severn,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Shrewsbury.  The  town  consists  of  an  upper 
and  a  lower  part,  connected  by  a  bridge  of  six  arches. 
The  upper  town  is  picturesquely  built  on  a  rock,  crowned 
by  an  ancient  castle.  Bridgenorth  has  a  grammar-school 
founded  in  1503,  2  almshouses,  an  ancient  town  hall,  a  jail,  a 
theatre,  a  public  library,  worsted-  and  nail-manufactories. 
Blips  for  boat-building,  a  large  market,  and  an  extensive 
trade  bv  the  Severn.     Pop.  5876. 


Bridgenorth,  brij'north,  a  post-village  in  Peterbor- 
ough CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Chemong,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Peterborough.     Pop.  150. 

Bridge  of  Al'lan,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Stirling,  on  the  Allan.  It  has  a  saline 
mineral  spring,  much  frequented.     Pop.  3055. 

Bridgeport,  brij'port,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Chatta- 
nooga, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad  to  Jasper,  Tenn 
Two  steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Decatur. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mono  co.,  Cal., 
about  200  miles  E.  by  N.  from  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles 
N.  of  Castle  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  60. 

Bridgeport,  a  township  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  contains 
Cherokee,  Birchville,  and  other  gold-mining  camps.  P.  1829. 

Bridgeport,  a  village  in  Green  Valley  township,  So- 
lano CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E. 
of  Napa  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  box-factory,  and  a 
public  school.     Its  post-office  name  is  Cordelia. 

Bridgeport,  a  city,  seaport,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  is  on  a  small  inlet  of  Long  Island 
Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  Pequonnock  River,  and  on  the  New 
York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  57  miles  N.E.  of  New  York, 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  53  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Hartford.  It  is  the  south  terminus  of  the  Housatonic 
Railroad,  connecting  it  with  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  of  the 
Naugatuck  Railroad,  which  extends  to  AVinsted.  It  has  a  safe 
harbor  for  small  vessels,  and  has  considerable  coasting  trade. 
In  the  northwest  part  of  the  town  is  an  eminence  called 
Golden  Hill,  which  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  sound 
and  is  occupied  by  many  elegant  residences.  Bridgeport 
contains  about  40  churches,  5  national  banks,  several  savings- 
banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  daily,  1  semi- 
weekly,  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  one  of  which  last  is  in 
German.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  carriages, 
sewing-machines,  hardware,  machinery,  leather,  ammuni- 
tion or  projectiles,  woollen  goods,  plush,  aluminum,  bronze, 
and  heavy  forgings,  etc.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between 
this  port  and  New  York.  Bridgeport  is  a  port  of  entry. 
It  has  fine  public  parks,  and  a  system  of  street  railways. 
In  1890  this  was  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population. 
Pop.  in  1880,  27,643 ;  in  1890,  48,866. 

Bridgeport,  Cook  co.,  111.,  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  of  which  city  it  is  a 
suburb.     Here  is  a  Catholic  reform  school. 

Bridgeport,  Douglas  co..  111.    See  Hugo. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Vincennes, 
and  136  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  mill, 
and  4  general  stores.     Pop.  435. 

Bridgeport,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  111.,  is  about 
25  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Belleville,  and  1  mile  from  Okaw- 
ville  Station  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  511. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  9  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  2 
railroads,  16  miles  S.  of  Salina.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky.,  about 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Bridgeport,  or  Bridgeport  Centre,  a  village  of 
Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  is  in  Bridgeport  township, 
and  near  Cass  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  town- 
ship, 1241. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Watren  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  65  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  Pop.  of 
Bridgeport  township,  822. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury, 
and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sul- 
livan township,  on  Chittenango  Creek,  about  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Syracuse,  and  1^  miles  S.  of  Oneida  Lake.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  217. 

Bridgeport,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  Long  Island, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Valley  Stream 
Junction. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Wheeling  (with  which  it  is  connected 


BRI 


708 


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by  two  bridges,  and  on  the  River  division  of  the  Cleveland 
k  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bellaire,  and  140  miles 
E.  of  Columbus.  Bridgeport  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  7  churches,  3  schools,  2  glass-factories,  and  2  large 
rolling-mills.  The  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  and  the  Cleve- 
land, Lorain  <fc  Wheeling  Railroads  pass  through  the  vil- 
lage.    Pop.  3369. 

Bridgeport,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  about  12  miles  below  Dayton. 

Bridgeport,  Wayne  co,  0.,  is  now  called  Burbank. 
Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 
Bridgeport,  a  village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  Wills 
Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  <fc  Baltimore  Rail- 
road, and  the  Bedford  &,  Bridgeport  Railroad,  15  miles  N. 
of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  fire-brick.  It  is  an  important  station.  Here  is 
Hyndman  Post-Office. 

Bridgeport,  a  small  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Harrisburg,  and  on  the 
Northern  Central  and  Cumberland  Valley  Railroads.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  river  at  this  place,  which  is  2  miles  from 
Harrisburg,  83  miles  from  Baltimore,  and  i  mile  from 
Wormleysburg  Post-0fl5ce.  It  has  2  large  hotels  and  2 
locomotive  engine-houses. 

Bridgeport,  a  borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa,,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Dunlap's 
Creek,  30  miles  direct  and  60  miles  by  water  S.  of  Pitts- 
burg, and  i  mile  S.W.  of  Brownsville.  It  is  on  the  na- 
tional road  or  turnpike.  Two  bridges  cross  the  river  and 
creek  at  this  place.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  flour- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  high  school,  and  manufactories  of 
boilers,  sash,  and  doors.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between 
this  place  and  Pittsburg.     Pop.  1199. 

Bridgeport,  a  village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Peters 
township,  on  Conococheague  Creek,  4  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Mercersburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  coach-factory.     Its  post-office  is  Bridgeport  Mills. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  River,  opposite  Norristown,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  is  the  east  terminus  of  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the 
Reading  Railroad,  and  is  16  miles  from  Philadelphia.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  bricks, 
railroad-cars,  jeans,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston 
Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 
Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 
Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  87  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Large  quantities  of 
stock  (cattle,  &c.)  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  400. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  Pop.  363. 
Bridgeport,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Grand  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  good  water- 
power,  a  woollen-factory,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  several 
stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  700. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Sydney. 
Here  are  extensive  coal-mines.     Pop.  300. 
Bridgeport  Centre,  Mich.    See  Bridgeport. 
Bridgeport  Mills,  Franklin  co..  Pa.  See  Bridgeport. 
Bridger,  brij'§r,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  42   miles   (by  rail)  N.E.  of 
Evanstou. 

Bridget's  Pass,  a  defile  or  depression  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wyoming.     The  Overland 
Emigrant  and  Mail  Route  crossed  the  mountain  by  this 
pass  before  the  Pacific  Railroad  was  opened.    On  each  side 
of  the  pass  precipitous  rocks  of  granite  and  sandstone  rise 
like  walls  about  2000  feet  high.     It  is  near  lat.  41°  30'  N. 
Bridger's  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Gallatin  Range,  in 
Gallatin  oo.,  Montana.     Its  height  is  estimated  at  9000  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     "  The  carboniferous  limestones,"  says 
Hayden,  "  form  with  their  upturned  edges  the  very  sum- 
mit of  the  Gallatin  Range,  including  Bridger's  Peak,  Union 
Peak,  Ac."     The  central  beds  of  limestone  are  nearly  ver- 
tical, and  are  flanked  by  Jurassic  and  Cretaceous  strata.    It 
is  in  lat.  45°  47'  N. 
Bridges,  brlj'^z,  a  township  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.   Pop.  632. 
Bridge's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Me. 
Bridge  Switch,  or  Alto'na,  a  station  3  miles  N.  of 
La  Crosse,  Wis.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  which 
here  crosses  the  Mississippi  River  to  La  Crescent. 


Bridgeton,  brij'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala., 
at  Bold  Springs,  a  hamlet  11  miles  E.  of  Birmingham.  The 
hamlet  has  several  general  stores,  Ac. 

Bridgeton,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  Rac- 
coon Creek,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  9 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  Rockville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  stores,  <&;c. 

Bridgeton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  is  on 
the  Muskegon  River,  in  Bridgeton  township,  about  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Muskegon,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Newaygo.  It  has 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  stores  and  other  businesg 
corfcerns.     Pop.  of  township,  584. 

Bridgeton,  a  post- village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Saint  Ferdinand  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City 
division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis  Cable 
it,  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  237. 

Bridgeton,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Cum- 
berland CO.,  N.J.,  is  on  both  sides  of  Cohansey  Creek,  on 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vineland.  It  is  also  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  126  miles  from  New  York.  The 
Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad  extends  from  this  place 
southeastward  to  the  mouth  of  Maurice  River,  more  than 
20  miles.  It  contains  the  West  Jersey  Academy,  16 
churches,  2  national  banks,  the  South  Jersey  Institute, 
organized  in  1870,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail-factory,  glass- 
works, and  3  iron-foundries,  and  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods,  leather,  machinery,  carriages,  <fcc.  Here 
are  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers and  3  monthly  periodicals,  one  of  which  is  agricul- 
tural. Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Cohansey  to  this  place. 
Pop.  in  1890,  11,424. 

Bridgeton,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Tualatin  River,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland, 
and  near  Middleton. 

Bridgeton,  a  borough  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River.     Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river.     Pop.  944. 
Bridgeton,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peaoh 
Bottom  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bridgetown,  brij'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co., 
Md.,  6  miles  W.  of  Goldsborough. 

Bridgetown,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  2  miles  from  Glenmore  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Bridgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Rockhill 
township,  1  mile  from  Perkasie  Railroad  Station.     P.  250. 
Bridgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va. 
Bridgetown,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Annapolis  River,  14 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  excellent  water- 
power,  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  and  a  printing-office 
issuing  a  paper.     Bridgetown  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  800. 
Bridgetown,  a  village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Grand  River,  30  miles 
E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  400. 

Bridgetown,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  Barbadoes,  on 
the  W.  coast.  Lat.  13°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  37'  W.  It  stretches 
along  the  N.  shore  of  Carlisle  Bay,  is  well  built,  and  sur- 
rounded by  plantations.  It  has  a  college,  water-works,  a 
jail,  council-house,  good  shops,  and  a  market  well  supplied 
with  provisions.  About  1  mile  distant  is  the  governor's 
house,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  town  are  barracks,  with  a  spa- 
cious parade-ground,  and  an  arsenal.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  bishop,  and  has  a  large  commerce.  Pop.  18,967. 
Bridge  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  la 
Warwick  township,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Doylestown.     It  has  a  church. 

Bridgeville,  brij'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co., 
Ala.,  26  miles  N.  from  Grainesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  90 
miles  N.N.W.  from  Cloverdale. 

Bridgeville,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  neM 
the  Nanticoke  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  76 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  phosphate  and  husk-mattresses.    Pop.  300. 
Bridgeville,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  Maple  River,  11  miles  N.  of  St  ■ 
John.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150.  ■ 
Bridgeville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  ia^ 
Oxford  township,  on  Pequest  Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware,    , 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bel- 
videre.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  about  20  houses. 

Bridgeville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  o« 
Neversink  River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  and  * 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Monticello.     It  has  a  church. 


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Bridgevillej  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  cc,  0.,  on 
the  Central  Ohio  or  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  45. 

Bridgeville,  a  post- village  of  Upper  St.  Clair  township, 
Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  Chartiers  Creek,  and  on  the  Chartiers 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a 
hotel,  and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  450. 

Bridgeville,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
12  miles  S.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  100. 

Bridge  water,  brij'wA-t^r,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Somerset,  on  the  Parret,  7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  29J 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Bristol.  The  town  is  neatly  built, 
remarkably  clean,  and  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  an 
ancient  Gothic  church  (containing  a  fine  altar-piece),  a 
grammar-school,  almshouse,  infirmary,  market-house,  jail, 
court-house,  and  banks.  The  quays  are  accessible  to  vessels 
of  700  tonfe,  but  the  entrance  of  the  river  is  diflScult.  A 
canal  connects  Bridgewater  with  Taunton.     Pop.  10,259. 

Bridgewater,  brij'wi-t^r,  a  post-township  of  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Danbury,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Housatonic  River,  and  traversed  by  the 
Shepaug  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  hamlet  named 
Southville.     Pop.  877. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  16 
I  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
saw-mill,  fence-picket  factory,  &c.     Pop.  245. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Aroos- 
took CO.,  Me.,  20  miles  N.  of  Houlton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  &c.     Pop.  605. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
in  Bridgewater  township,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  32  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Fall 
River,  near  the  junction  of  the  Abington  &  Bridgewater  Rail- 
road. It  contains  the  Bridgewater  State  Normal  School, 
and  the  Bridgewater  Academy ;  also  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
manufactory  of  cotton-gins.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.  The  Taunton  River  forms  the  S.E.  boundary 
jf  the  township.  It  has  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
jotton,  iron,  paper,  augers,  <fcc.  The  township  is  the  seat  of 
the  state  workhouse.     Pop.  in  1890,  4249. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Bridgewater  town- 
ship, Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Ypsilanti,  and  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  by 
!Elaisin  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1089. 

Bridgewater,  a  township  of  Rice  oo.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1479.     It  contains  Dundas. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Plymouth,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Pemigewasset  River.  Pop.  453.  Bridgewater  Station,  at 
(ihe  N.  extremity  of  the  township,  is  on  the  Boston,  Con- 
oord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Plymouth. 

Bridgewater,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
6883.  It  includes  Somerville,  the  county  seat;  also  Raritan 
and  Bound  Brook. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Utica,  Chenango  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  18  miles  S. 
of  Utica,  and  on  the  Richfield  Branch  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the 
Unadilla  River.  It  has  a  bank  and  4  churches.  Pop.  230; 
of  the  township,  1309. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-ofllce  and  station  of  Burke  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  12  miles  "W. 
of  Morganton. 

BridgeAvater,  a  post-township  of  Williams  oo.,  0., 
68  miles  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1207. 

Bridgewater,  a  borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  27  miles  N.W. 
of  Pittsburg.  A  bridge  across  the  Beaver  River  connects  it 
with  Rochester.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  2  foundries, 
2  tanneries,  2  planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  2  saw-mills, 
*o-     Pop-  1119.     Here  is  West  Bridgewater  Post-Office. 

BridgeAvater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  at 
Schenck's  Railroad  Station,  near  the  Delaware  River,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  chapel. 

Bridgewater,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  from 
Philadelphia. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  McCook  co.,  S.D., 
20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  4  churches,  6 
banks,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  harness  and 
windmill  manufactures.     Pop.  410. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Otta  Quechee  River,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 


Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Vs., 
on  North  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  woollens,  &c. 

Bridgewater,  a  post- village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
30  miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  has  valuable  water-power, 
a  flour-mill,  saw-mill,  woollen-factory,  tannery,  chair-  and 
cabinet-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  a  scythe-  and  edge-tool- 
factory,  a  town  hall,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.    Pop.  450. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Lunenburg. 
It  has  a  branch  bank,  a  printing-office,  saw-,  grist-,  and 
carding-mills,  an  iron  foundry,  tannery,  5  churches,  Ac., 
and  a  large  export  of  wood.     Pop.  1000. 

Bridg'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill,  a  church,  a  drug-store,  a  stave-factory,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Bridgton,  a  post- village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  several 
churches,  a  high -school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  tannery,  several  woollen-factories,  <fec.     Pop.  932. 

Bridgville,  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario.     See  Freeport. 

Bri'dle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Wytheville. 

Brid'Iington,  or  Brel'lington  (usually  pronounced, 
and  often  written,  Bur'lington),  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  East  Riding,  including  the  market-towns  of  Brid 
lington  and  Bridlington  Quay,  6  miles  W.  of  Flamborough 
Head,  and  26  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Hull.  Bridlington 
consists  chiefly  of  a  long  narrow  street,  and  has  the  remains 
of  a  priory,  built  in  the  thirteenth  century,  now  the  paro- 
chial church,  a  town  hall,  a  commercial  exchange,  and 
numerous  chapels.  Bridlington  Quay,  on  a  fine  bay,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  the  above,  is  well  built  of  brick,  has  many  good 
hotels,  a  mineral  spring,  baths,  and  lodging-houses,  and  is 
frequented  during  summer  for  sea-bathing.  Its  harbor  is 
formed  by  two  handsome  piers,  and  it  has  an  active  export 
trade  in  corn.  A  large  spring  on  the  beach  supplies  the 
town  with  water.     Total  pop.  (1891)  8916. 

Brid'port,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  on  the 
Brit  or  Bride  River,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and 
18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dorchester.  The  town  consists  of 
three  principal  streets,  and  has  many  handsome  houses,  a 
Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  prison,  market-house,  branch 
bank,  almshouse,  mechanics'  institute,  with  manufactories 
of  sail-cloth,  shoe-thread,  lines,  nets,  &o.,  and  an  extensive 
trade  coastwise  and  to  the  Baltic.  The  harbor,  on  the 
Channel,  admits  vessels  of  250  tons.     Pop.  7670. 

Brid'port,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about 
8  miles  W.  of  Middlebury,  and  6  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Crown 
Point,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  1171. 

Briec,  bre-fik',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Fa 
nistSre,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  5592. 

Brie-Comte-Robert,  bree^-k6Nt^-ro^baiR',  a  towB 
of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Mame,  on  a  railway,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Melun.     Pop.  2692. 

Brieg,  breeo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  27  miles  S.E 
of  Breslau,  on  the  Oder,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  well 
built,  with  fine  promenades  on  the  former  ramparts,  and  has 
a  gymnasium,  a  good  library,  and  manufactories  of  linen, 
cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics.     Pop.  (1890)  20,154. 

Brieg,  Brig,  or  Brigue,  breeo,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Sion,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Simplon  Pass.     P.  1076. 

Briel,  breel  (Fr.  Brielle,  bre-fill'),  often  called  The 
Brill,  bril,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  the  Netherlands, 

Srovince  of  South  Holland,  on  the  island  of  Voorn,  on  the 
[euse,  at  its  mouth,  14  miles  W.  of  Rotterdam.  It  has 
many  military  magazines  and  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  4058. 

Brienne,  or  Brienne-le-Ch&tean,  bre-enn'-lfh- 
8h9,H5',  called  also  Brienne-Napol^on,  bre-5nn'-ni'- 
poMi^iu"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Aube,  near  the 
right  bank  of  the  Aube,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bar-sur-Aube. 
Here  Napoleon,  on  the  29th  of  January,  1814,  defeated  the 
Allies  in  a  bloody  battle.     Pop.  1886. 

Bri^non,  bre*i*n6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Yonne,  10  miles  E.  of  Joigny.     Pop.  2485. 

Briensburg,  bri'Snz-biirg,  a  post-village  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from  Calvert  City.     It  has  3  churches. 

Brienz,  bre'fints,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Brienz, 
and  at  the  foot  of  the  Brienzergrat  Mountain.     Pop.  2606. 

Brienza,  bre-fin'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  4878. 

Brienzer-See)  bree'£nt-s«r-a&  ("  Lake  of  Brienz"}^  ia 


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i 


Switzerland,  is  formed  by  the  river  Aar,  above  the  Lake  of 
Thun.  Length,  8  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains, 
and  the  torrents  which  flow  from  them  form  several  cas- 
cades, the  principal  of  which  is  the  fall  of  the  Giessbach. 

Bri'er  Creek,  Georgia,  drains  part  of  Richmond  co., 
runs  S.E.,  intersects  Burke  and  Scriven  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Savannah  in  the  latter  county.     Length,  about  140  miles. 

Bri'erfield)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
a  railway,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burnley.    Pop.  in  1891,  5888. 

Brierfield,  a  post-village  of  Bibb  oo.,  Ala.,  49  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Selma.  It  has  6  church  organizations  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  car-wheels  and  other  iron  prod- 
ucts.    Pop.  1500. 

Bri'er  Hill,  a  village  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  The  name  of 
its  post-oflBce  is  Olustee  Creek. 

Brier  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Morristown  township,  on  the  Black  River  &  Morristown 
Railroad,  5i  miles  S.  from  Morristown,  and  about  15  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  sash  and  blinds. 

Brier  Hill,  a  station  iv  Mahoning  oo.,  0.,  2  miles  N. 
of  Youngstown,  is  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown,  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  (Mahoning  division),  and  the 
Ashtabula  &  Youngstown  Railroads.  Here  is  obtained  much 
excellent  furnace-coal,  of  a  kind  resembling  splint  and 
block  coal. 

Brier  Island,  an  island  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Digby  Neck.  Lat.  of 
light-house,  44°  14'  57"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  23'  2"  W.  On  it  is 
the  village  of  Westport.     Pop.  643. 

Bri'erly  Hill,  a  town  of  England,  in  Staffordshire,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Stourbridge.  It  has  potteries, 
brick-kilns,  and  glass-works.     Pop.  11,046. 

Bries,  breece,  or  Brisen,  bree'zen  (Hun.  Breazno 
Banya,  brSss'no  bin'yoh),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Sohl,  on  the  Gran,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Neusohl.  It  con- 
tains a  college  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  11,776. 

Briesen,  bree's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  23 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Kulm.     Pop.  3623. 

Brietzen,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Wrietzen. 

Briey,  bre-i',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Meurthe- 
et-Moselle,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Metz.     Pop.  1952. 

Briezen,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Briesen. 

Briga,  bree'gi,  a  village  of  Italy,  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Nice,  on  the  Livenza.     Pop.  1615. 

Brigantine  (brig'^n-teen)  Island,  about  6  miles  N. 
of  Atlantic  City,  N.J.,  lies  between  Brigantine  and  New 
Inlets,  and  is  a  summer  resort.     Here  are  2  hotels. 

Brigantinus  Lacus.     See  Lake  of  Constance. 

Brigantium,  or  Brigantia.  See  Bregenz  and 
BRIAN90N. 

Brig'den,  a  post-village  of  Lambton  00.,  Ont.,  57  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  St.  Thomas.     It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  Ac. 

Briggs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  10  miles  below  Marietta. 

Brigg's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Salmon  River,  95 
miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and 
several  stores.     Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  500. 

Briggs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles 
N.  of    North  Adams.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Briggsville,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  several  churches. 

Briggsville,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brigham,  brlg'am,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Que- 
bec, 8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  West  Farnham.  It  contains 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Brigham  (brig'am)  City,  or  Box  Elder,  a  post- 
town,  capital  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  at  the  W.  base  of 
the  Wahsatch  range  of  mountains,  on  the  Utah  Northern 
branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  near  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad  (2i  miles  from  Brigham  Station),  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Corinne,  and  56  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has 
a  church,  a  seminary,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1877;  in  1888,  about  2500. 

Brig'house,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, 4  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  6370. 

Bright,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  Saltillo. 

Bright,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  500. 

Brighton,  bri'tpn  (formerly  Brighthelmstone),  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  the  English  Channel,  47 
miled  S.  of  London.  Lat.  50°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  8'  W.  It  is 
the  terminus  of  several  railways.  The  town,  sheltered  on 
the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  South-downs,  extends  for  3  miles 


along  the  coast,  fronted  by  a  sea-wall  about  60  feet  in 
height,  which  forms  a  magnificent  promenade,  and  occupy- 
ing declivities  on  both  the  E.  and  W.,  with  a  central  valley, 
in  which  are  the  "  Pavilion,"  a  palace  built  in  an  Oriental 
style  by  George  IV.  when  Prince  of  Wales,  the  fine  church 
of  St.  Peter,  and  the  open  space  termed  the  Steyne.  It  con- 
sists almost  wholly  of  elegant  streets,  squares,  and  terraces 
built  in  a  style  equal  to  the  best  in  the  metropolis.  The 
principal  structures  are  the  suspension  chain-pier,  extend- 
ing 1014  feet  to  the  sea,  another  pier  for  promenades,  a 
series  of  jetties  or  moles,  St.  Peter's  church,  numerous  other 
churches,  the  county  hospital,  town  hall,  theatre,  assembly- 
rooms,  various  baths,  and  many  excellent  hotels.  It  has 
several  large  and  well-conducted  charitable  institutions,  a 
fine  park,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Brighton  College,  for  the 
sons  of  noblemen,  opened  in  1847.  Its  fisheries  supply 
large  quantities  of  fish  to  the  London  markets.  The  manu- 
factures are  few,  and  the  trade  mostly  local.  It  is  abun- 
dantly supplied  with  water,  and  well  drained  and  lighted. 
Brighton  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
the  time  of  George  II.  it  was  a  mere  fishing- village,  and  it 
owed  its  rise  to  the  partiality  displayed  for  it  by  George  IV., 
since  whose  day  it  has  been  the  most  fashionable  watering- 
place  in  England.     Pop.  in  1801,  7339  j  in  1891,  115,402. 

Brighton,  bri'tgn,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sacra- 
mento City.  It  has  a  distillery  of  brandy.  Pop.  of 
Brighton  township,  909. 

Brighton,  a  post-town  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Denver.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  variety  of  stores  and  other  business 
places,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  2 
railroads,  11  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  bank,  7  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  farming- 
implements.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  about  900. 

Brighton,  a  post-office  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
the  village  of  Lexington. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  617 
It  contains  Marne. 

Brighton,  a  city  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Southwestern  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific,  the  Burlington  &  Western,  and  the  Iowa  Central 
Railroads,  51  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine,  and  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Fairfield.  It  is  1  mile  S.  of  Skunk  River.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  creamery,  brick-  and  tile-works,  saw-  and  flour- 
mills,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  861. 

Brighton,  a  namlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  is  in  Deer- 
ing  township,  li  miles  W.  of  Portland.  Here  are  a  few 
shops  and  dwellings,  and  the  Deering  town  house. 

Brighton,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about 
56  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  and  20  miles  from  Skowhegan.  It 
has  an  axe-factory  and  a  church.     Pop.  627. 

Brighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  Patuxent  River,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Brighton,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles 
River,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  5  miles  W. 
of  Boston.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Junction  Rail- 
road to  East  Boston.  It  has  2  national  banks,  7  churches,  10 
hotels,  an  abattoir,  and  an  important  cattle-market.  One 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Brighton  Post-Office 
is  a  branch  of  Boston  Post-Office.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1870,  4967.  In  1874  it  became  a  portion  of  Boston,  and  is 
now  the  25th  ward  of  that  city. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Ore  Creek,  in  Brighton  township,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lan- 
sing &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  De- 
troit, and  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-factories,  Ac.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers and  a  monthly  journal  are  published  here.  Pop. 
about  900;  of  the  township,  1737. 

Brighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Brighton,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  W.  from 
Andover.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
Adirondacks.     Pop.  247. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester  Station.  In 
1874  a  portion  of  the  township  was  annexed  to  the  city  of 
Rochester.  Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  3736;  in  1890, 
4533.     Pop.  of  village  in  1890,  705. 


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Brighton,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from 
Richfield  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Brighton,  a  village  of  Cuyahoga  oo.,  0.,  in  Brooklyn 
township,  4  miles  from  Clevelana.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
tanneries,  Ac.  It  is  separated  by  a  small  creek  from 
the  village  of  Brooklyn. 

Brighton,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Cincinnati, 
0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton,  the  Marietta  & 
Cincinnati,  and  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
roads, 3  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Cincinnati  of  the 
last-named  road. 

Brighton,  a  post-township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  about  40 
miles  S.W.of  Cleveland.     Pop.  508, 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa,  Pop.  844, 
exclusive  of  the  boroughs  of  Beaver  and  Bridgewater. 

Brighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  co.,  S,C.,  about  44 
miles  N,  of  Savannah,  Ga,     It  has  a  church, 

Brighton,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Win- 
chester &  Alabama  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  steam  cotton-gin. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad.  Pop.  1535.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Island  Pond. 

Brighton,  a  post-township  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Racine.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  1066. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  582. 

Brighton,  a  port  of  entry  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Presqu'ile  Harbor,  Lake  Ontario,  92  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  has  several  saw-mills,  a  plaster- 
mill,  grist-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  1357. 

Brighton,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Head  of  St.  Mart's  Bat. 

Brighton,  a  town  of  Bourke  co.,  Victoria,  Australia, 
on  Port  Phillip  Bay,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Melbourne.  It  is 
a  bathing-place.     Pop.  3059. 

Brighton  Park,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.    See  Factoryville. 

Bright's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  10 
aailes  S.W.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  2  stores. 

Bright's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

Bright  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co..  Ark.,  12  miles 
l3.E.  from  Lanark,  Tex. 

Brights'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Marl- 
oorough  CO.,  S.C.,  9  miles  S.W.  from  Laurel  Hill,  N.C.  It 
las  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  857. 

Bright'water,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  10 
:jiile8  N.E.  of  Bentonville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Bright'wood,  a  post-village  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, near  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Washington.  It  has  a 
<!hurch,  a  public  hall,  a  superior  hotel,  and  several  stores. 
Its  post-office  is  one  mile  from  Brightwood  Station. 

Brightwood,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
(Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  stove-foundry,  manufactures  of  organs  and  school- 
furniture,  and  large  car-shops  of  the  railroad  company. 

Brightwood,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Springfield 
Railroad  Station,  is  the  N.  suburb  of  the  city  of  Springfield. 
Here  are  manufactures  of  cars,  axles,  and  brass  goods. 

Brignais,  breen^yA',  a  town  of  France,  in  RhOne,  7 
iriles  S.S.W.  of  Lyons,  on  the  Garon.     Pop.  1953. 

Brignano,  breen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  S. 
of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2958, 

Brignoies,  breen^yol'  or  breen^y6l',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Var,  in  a  fine  valley,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Draguignan.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  fine  squares, 
a  divinity  school,  a  normal  school,  manufactures  of  silk  and 
leather,  and  trade  in  wines,  brandy,  liqueurs,  olives,  and 
prunes.     Pop.  5376. 

Bri'gus,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  the  district  of 
Brigus,  Newfoundland,  on  Conception  Bay,  38  miles  N.W. 
of  St.  John's.  Its  harbor  is  small,  but  safe.  The  inhab- 
:tants_are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  cod-fishery.     Pop.  2000. 

Brihnega,  bre-w4'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guadalajara,  on  the  Tajufia.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  ftvbrics.  Here,  in  1710, 
the  French,  under  the  Duke  de  Vend&me,  defeated  the  Al- 
lies under  Lord  Stanhope.     Pop.  4578. 

Bri'ley's  Brook,  or  Chis'holm,  a  post-village  in 
Antigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Antigonish. 
Pop.  250.  ^ 

Brilliant,  bril'yant,  a  post-village  of  JeflTerson  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Steubenville. 


Brilliant,  bril'yant,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Brillion,  bril'yun,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co..  Wis., 
in  Brillion  township,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  & 
Western  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Appleton.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and  lumber.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and 
contains  Forest  Junction.     Pop.  1173. 

Brill's  Junction,  a  station  in  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Newark  &  New  York  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  New 
York,  and  on  the  Newark  &  Elizabeth  Branch  Railroad. 

Brilon,  bree'lon,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  22 
miles  E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  4519. 

Brim'field,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  in  Brim- 
field  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  about  18  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
550  ;  of  the  township,  1547. 

Brimfield,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in  Orange 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen,  and  98  miles  W.  of  Toledo, 
0.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  2  carriage- 
shops,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Brimfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Brimfield  township,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Brimfield  Station  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  This 
station  is  at  West  Brimfield  (which  see).  Brimfield  has  a 
free  high  school,  liberally  endowed.  The  township  has  4 
churches  and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  1096. 

Brimfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Brim- 
field township,  about  10  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Akron.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  a  poj).  of  913. 

Brindiok,  brin^de-ok',  or  BUtar,  blee^tar',  a  town  of 
Java,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Soerabaya. 

Brindisi,  brin'de-se  or  breen'de-se  (Gr.  Bpci^ca-iov, 
Brentesion  ;  Lat.  Brundi'gium  or  Brundu'sium),  a  city  and 
seaport  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  at  the  head  of  a  bay 
in  the  Adriatic,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Taranto.  It  was  an- 
ciently one  of  the  most  important  maritime  cities  of  Italy, 
and  its  chief  port  for  communication  with  Greece.  It  had 
become  an  insignificant  town,  but  of  late  it  is  recovering 
much  of  its  ancient  importance.  Its  port  has  been  cleared 
of  silt,  and  new  moles,  quays,  and  docks  have  been  con- 
structed ;  it  has  become  an  important  railway  terminus,  and 
steamers  ply  hence  to  the  chief  ports  of  the  Levant.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  13,755. 

Brin'dletown,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Plum- 
stead  township,  3  miles  S.  of  New  Egypt.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill,  and  is  near  the  head  of  Grosswick  Creek. 
In  the  vicinity  are  many  cranberry  plantations,  also  a  fine 
pond  or  lake. 

Brindletown,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Bring'hurst,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <fc  South- 
western Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bringle's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Brinjeveram,  a  town  of  India.    See  Viranchipoora. 

Brink'er,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  S,E.  of  Butler. 

Brink'erton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Clarion. 

Brink  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  19  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Brink'land,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Brink'ley,  a  post-town  of  Monroe  co..  Ark.,  at  the 
junction  of  4  railroads,  65  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  70 
miles  W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  7  churches  (4  white, 
3  colored),  a  bank,  extensive  manufactures  of  wood  prod- 
ucts, an  oil-mill,  a  cotton-gin,  public  and  private  schools, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1950. 

Brink'ley's,  a  station  in  Brunswick  oo.,  N.C,  on  .the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  18  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Wilmington.     Here  is  Robeson  Post-Offioe. 

Brink'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  15 
miles  N.W.  from  Enfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
grist-mill. 

Brin'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
&  Western  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

BrinsMey,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Ailsa  Craig,  Pop.  100. 

Brin'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  at 
Cushingville  Station  on  the  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  west 
of  Millen. 

Brin'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alleghany  oo.. 


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Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  <t 
Conneilaville  Railroad,  12  miles  B.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Here 
is  a  manufactory  of  steel  rails. 

Brinton,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  7  miles 
B.E.  from  Salt  Lake  City. 

Briocnm,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Saint-Bribuc. 

Briones,  bre-o'nfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Logroiio,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  3233. 

Brioni  (bre-o'nee)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
in  the  Adriatic,  on  the  coast  of  Istria. 

Brionne,  bre-onn'  (anc.  Brio'nia),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Eure,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bemay.     Pop.  3550. 

Brioude,  bre-ood'  (anc.  Briva'ta),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Haute-Loire,  on  the  Allier,  60  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Le  Puy.  It  has  a  church  in  the  Byzantine  style, 
a  communal  college,  and  a  public  library.     Pop.  4576. 

Brio  vera  J  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Saint-L8. 

Brisach,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Breisach. 

Brisbane,  briz'bain,  a  town  of  Australia,  capital  of 
Queensland,  on  the  navigable  river  Brisbane,  25  miles  from 
its  mouth.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  colonial  railway  system, 
has  fine  public  buildings,  a  botanic  garden,  flourishing  manu- 
factures, and  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops. 
It  exports  hides,  wool,  and  cotton.  Pop.  in  1861,  5225 ; 
in  1871,  19,413;  in  1891,  48,738,  or,  with  suburbs,  101,554. 

Brisbane  River,  in  Australia,  Queensland,  enters 
Moreton  Bay  near  lat.  27°  30'  S.,  Ion.  153°  15'  E. 

Brisben,  or  Brisbin,  briz'b^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y.,  16  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Norwich.  It 
has  a  church,  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory. 

Brisbin,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  15  miles 
direct  S.  of  Clearfield.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1508. 

Briscoe,  bris'ko,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 
traversed  by  the  head-streams  of  the  Red  River.  Area, 
900  square  miles. 

Briscoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  from  Liberty  Falls.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Briscoe  Run,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Brisen,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Bries. 

Brisighella,  bre-se-gh41'lS,,  a  large  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Ravenna.  It  is  situated  in 
a  valley  watered  by  the  Lamone,  and  has  manufactures  of 
silk,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  12,281. 

Brissac,  brees^sik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Maine-et-Loire,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  992. 

Brissago,  bris-si'go,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino, 
on  Lago  Maggiore,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Locarno.    Pop.  1298. 

Brissarthe,  brees^saRt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
"t-Loire,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  997. 

Bris'ter,  a  post-oflSce  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark. 

Bris'tersburg,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Bristoe,  bris'to,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Prince 
William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  31 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  General  Hooker  and  General 
Ewell  fought  a  battle  here  August  27, 1862.  Another  action 
occurred  here  October  14,  1863. 

Bristol,  bris'tol,  a  city  of  England,  a  county  of  itself, 
but  lying  within  the  limits  of  Gloucestershire  and  Somer- 
setshire, on  the  Avon,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Frome,  8 
miles  from  Bristol  Channel,  and  118  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
London.  Several  railways  meet  here.  Bristol  is  one  of 
the  leading  British  ports  in  the  foreign  trade.  It  is  noted 
for  its  fine  public  buildings,  among  which  are  the  cathedral, 
the  guild  hall,  the  museum  and  library,  the  exchange,  two 
colleges,  the  famous  Muller's  Orphan  House,  numerous  fine 
churches,  the  public  hospital,  and  other  charities.  Large 
ships  can  ascend  the  river  to  the  city,  where  spacious  docks, 
quays,  and  ship-yards  have  been  constructed ;  and  at  King- 
road,  or  Avonmouth,  there  are  additional  facilities  for  un- 
loading and  freighting  ships.  It  is  the  seat  of  numerous 
schools,  and  of  large  and  varied  manufactures,  prominent 
among  which  are  those  of  metallic  wares,  soap,  shoes, 
leather,  hats,  glass,  bricks,  spirits,  stays,  cottons,  and  choc- 
olate. It  is  the  fourth  town  of  Great  Britain  in  amount  of 
customs  revenue.  Pop.  in  1891,  221,665.  The  name  Bris- 
tol seems  to  be  derived  from  BHeatow,  an  old  Saxon  name 
of  this  city,  which  may  be  literally  translated  "breach- 
place  :"  i.e.,  the  place  or  town  of  the  breach  or  chasm  through 
which  the  Avon  finds  a  passage  to  the  sea.  The  ancient 
British  name  was  Caer-Odor,  the  "  city  of  the  breach." 

Bris'tol,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Massachusetts, 
has  an  area  of  about  557  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  is  drained  by  the  Taunton 
River  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  white  ash, 
hickory,  white  oak,  elm,  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  produces 
hay,  potatoes,  &o.    Several  inlets  on  the  coast  of  this  county 


afibrd  good  harbors,  and  many  of  the  inhabitants  are  en- 
gaged in  navigation  and  fisheries.  The  prosperity  of  this 
county  is  partly  derived  from  important  manufactures  of 
cotton  goods,  nails,  shovels,  forged  and  rolled  iron,  ma- 
chinery, Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  the  railroads  which  con- 
nect Boston  with  Providence,  New  Bedford,  and  Taunton, 
Capitals,  New  Bedford  and  Taunton.  Pop.  in  1870, 102,886, 
in  1880,  139,040 ;  in  1890,  186,465. 

Bristol,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Rhode  Island,  has 
an  area  of  about  28  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  Mount  Hope  Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Narragansett 
Bay,  which  afi'ord  great  facilities  for  navigation.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Providence,  Warren  A  Bristol  Railroad. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  has  considerable  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods,  india-rubber  and  elastic  goods,  Ac. 
Capital,  Bristol.  Pop.  in  1870,  9421;  in  1880,  11,394;  in 
1890,  11,428. 

Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Faulkner  co.,  Ark. 

Bristol,  a  station  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  on  the  Colorado 
Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Fort  Collins. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in  Bris- 
tol township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Waterbury.  It  has  2  banks,  several  foundries  and 
machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  clocks  and  water- 
wheels.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Cop- 
per is  found  in  the  township.  Pop.  about,  3500;  of  the 
township  in  1880,  6347;  in  1890,  7382. 

Bristol,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Liberty  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Appalachicola  River,  25  miles  below  Chattahoochee, 
and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  200. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co..  111.,  in  Bristol 
township,  and  on  the  N.W.  bank  of  Fox  River,  about  12 
miles  below  Aurora.  The  river  separates  it  from  Yorkville. 
It  has  2  mills,  2  churches,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1352.    See  Bristol  Station. 

Bristol,  a  post- village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elkhart,  and  10  miles  N.  of 
Goshen.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  681. 

Bristol,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  514. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bristol 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Albert  Lea,  Minn.  It  has  2 
stores  and  a  wagon-factory.  Pop.  about  100 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 650. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in  Bristol 
township,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Bath,  and  3  miles  from  the 
sea.  The  township  is  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Damariscotta  River.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  oil,  and  villages  named  Round 
Pond  and  Pemaquid.  Pop.  2916.  The  township  has  8 
churches,  also  5  lumber-mills. 

Bristol,  a  post- village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Patuxent  River,  5  miles  from  Upper 
Marlborough  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Annapo- 
lis.    It  has  2  stores. 

Bristol,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Fillmore  co., 
Minn.,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Winona,  and  12  miles  N.  of 
Cresco,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  flouring-mills. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  and 
contains  a  village  named  Granger.     Pop.  1006. 

Bristol,  a  hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles  from 
Cornwall  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Bristol,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Bristol  township,  on  the  Pemigewasset  River, 
and  on  the  Bristol  Branch  of  the  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
3  churches,  2  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  flannel, 
gloves,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1416. 

Bristol,  a  post-township  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.  Pop 
1597.     Bristol  Post-Office  is  at  Baptist  Hill. 

Bristol,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Caro- 
lina Central  Railroad,  at  Council  Station,  33  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  manufactures  of  rosin,  turpentine, 
and  wagons. 

Bristol,  a  post-township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  has  4 
churches.  Pop.  1469.  The  post-office  is  about  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Zanesville. 

Bristol  (Maholm  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Perry  co.,  0., 
in  Pike  township,  1  mile  from  Bristol  Station,  and  about  4 
miles  S.  of  New  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  near  it. 

Bristol,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.     Pop.  983. 
Bristol,  a  post-borough  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River,  nearly  opposite  Burlington,  and  on  the  New 


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York  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  termi- 
nus of  the  Delaware  Canal,  20  miles  above  Philadelphia. 
It  is  the  largest  town  in  Bucks  co.,  and  contairvs  7  churches, 
•  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  a  machine- 
shoj).  rolling-mill,  worsted-mill,  flour-mill,  gas-works,  and 
flxtensive  manufactories  of  felt,  hosiery,  furniture-trim- 
mings, and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  6553. 

Bristol)  a  port  of  entry  and  capital  of  Bristol  oo.,  R.I., 
is  on  Narragansett  Bay,  and  on  the  Providence,  Warren 
A  Bristol  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Providence,  and  13 
miles  N.  of  Newport.  It  is  in  Bristol  township,  which  is  a 
peninsula  surrounded  by  water  on  all  sides  except  the  north, 
and  is  separated  from  the  city  of  Fall  River  by  Mount  Hope 
Bay.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  7  churches,  a  ship-yard,  a  sugar-refinery,  2  cotton- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  rubber  goods  employing  1000 
bands.  This  town  may  be  reached  by  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road via  Bristol  Ferry.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
bere.  Near  Bristol  is  an  eminence  called  Mount  Hope, 
nrhich  aflFords  a  beautiful  view  of  the  bay.     Pop.  5478. 

Bristol)  a  post-village  of  Day  co.,  S.D.,  10  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Webster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
«chool,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  199. 

Bristol,  a  post- village  and  railroad  terminus  of  Sul- 
livan CO.,  Tenn.,  is  on  the  boundary  between  Tennessee  and 
Virginia,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  and  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Abingdon.  It  has  15  churches,  4  banks,  graded  schools, 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  with  manufactures  of 
KTOollen  and  cotton-goods,  iron,  flour,  ice,  Ac.  Here  is  King 
College  (Presbyterian),  founded  in  1868.    Pop.  (1890)  6226. 

Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex. 

Bristol,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Addison  oo.,  Vt.,  in 
Bristol  township,  on  the  New  Haven  or  Bristol  River,  about 
27  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  coffins, 
ploughs,  staves,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1365. 

Bristol,  Virginia.    See  Bristol,  Tenn.,  and  Goodsok. 

Bristol,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1137. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  in  Bristol 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Kenosha.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship. 1137. 

Bristol,  New  Brunswick.     See  Great  Shemogue. 

Bristol,  York  co..  New  Brunswick.     See  Kingsclear. 

Bristol,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia^  opposite 
the  town  of  Liverpool.     Pop.  150. 

Bristol,  or  Bristol  Mills,  sometimes  called  Bristol 
Corners  and  Ink'erman,  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  45  miles  above  Ottawa  City. 
Pop.  200. 

Bristol  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Alaska, 
between  Cape  Newenham  and  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska. 
Lat.  54°  N. ;  Ion.  160°  W. 

Bristol  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bristol  Channel,  an  arm  of  the  Atlantic,  entering 
between  St.  Ann's  Head  on  the  N.  and  Land's  End  on  the 
S.,  extending  into  the  S.W.  part  of  Great  Britain,  between 
Wales  and  the  S.W.  counties  of  England.  At  its  eastern 
extremity  it  terminates  in  the  estuary  of  the  Severn,  and  it 
contains  Milfordhaven,  Carmarthen  Bay,  and  Swansea  Bay 
on  the  N.,  and  Barnstaple,  Porlock,  and  Bridgewater  Bay 
on  the  S.  Its  tides  flow  rapidly,  and,  meeting  with  the  cur- 
rents of  the  Severn,  cause  the  phenomenon  called  the  bore. 

Bristol  Ferry,  a  station  in  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Newport.  It  is  on  the 
island  of  Rhode  Island,  and  is  connected  by  ferry  to  Bristol. 

Bristol  Springs,  formerly  Cold  Springs,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  South  Bristol  township,  1 
mile  W.  of  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Canan- 
daigua.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  saw-mills.   Pop.  about  100. 

Bristol  Station,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co..  111.,  in 
Bristol  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Bris'tolville,  or  Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  in  Bristol  township,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown 
A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a 
onion  school,  4  churches,  and  2  cheese-factories.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Bristolville. 

Bristo'ria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  9  miles 
N.E.  from  Cameron  Station,  W.  Va.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
taw-mill,  &c. 

Bristow,  bris'to,  a  post-village  of  Butler  Co.,  Iowa,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Allison.    It  has  4  church  organizations, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  &c. 
Pop.  257. 
4(3 


Bristow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles 
N.  by  E.  from  Russell  Station.    It  has  a  church.   Pop.  100. 

Bristow,  a  small  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bristow,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Newcastle 
&  Franklin  Railroad,  at  Nelson  Station,  18  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Newcastle. 

Bristow,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn. 

Bristow  Station,  Virginia.     See  Bkistoe. 

Britain,  or  Britannia.    See  Great  Britain. 

Britain,  New.    See  New  Britain. 

Britannia,  bri-tan'ne-a,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  from  Brampton.     Pop.  100. 

Britannia  (bri-tan'ne-a)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  N.E.  of  New  Caledonia,  the  largest  of  which 
(Uea)  is  30  miles  in  length. 

Britannia  Secunda,  the  ancient  name  of  Wales. 

Brit'ish  Amer'ica,  in  its  most  extended  sense,  in- 
cludes the  Dominion  of  Canada,  Labrador,  Newfoundland, 
the  Bermudas,  Balize,  the  British  West  India  islands,  British 
Guiana,  and  the  Falkland  Islands ;  but  in  ordinary  usage 
only  the  three  first  named  in  the  above  list  are  so  desig- 
nated. The  term  is  much  less  used  than  it  was  before  the 
formation  of  the  Canadian  Dominion. 

Brit'ish  Bnr'mah,  a  country  of  the  Indo-Chinese 
peninsula,  bounded  N.  by  the  kingdom  of  Burmah,  E.  by 
Siam,  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  and  W.  by  the  Indian  Ocefin, 
the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  the  Chittagong  division  of  Bengal. 
Area,  156,142  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  3  commis- 
sionerships  or  provinces,  Aracan,  Pegu,  and  Tenaaserim,  and 
is  traversed  by  the  rivers  Irawaddy,  Salwin,  and  many  other 
navigable  streams.  Rice,  sesamum,  cotton,  and  teak  are 
leading  products.  Tin  and  coal  are  found  in  Tenasserim, 
and  petroleum  has  for  many  years  been  procured  near  Ran- 
goon. The  prominent  race  is  the  Burmese ;  but  the  Talaings 
or  Peguans,  and  several  tribes  of  Karens,  are  numerous. 
Many  of  the  latter  have  become  Christians.  The  prevailing 
religion  is  Booddhism.  Chief  towns,  Rangoon,  Maulmain, 
and  Bassein.     Pop.  in  1881,  3,736,771;  in  1891,  7,554,410. 

British  Channel.    See  English  Channel. 

Brit'ish  Colum'bia,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  extending 
from  the  Rocky  Mountains  westward,  bounded  S.  by  the 
United  States,  and  limited  on  the  N.  by  the  60th  degree 
of  N.  lat.  At  the  head  of  Smoky  River,  about  lat.  54°  40' 
N.,  its  B.  boundary  leaves  the  Rocky  Mountain  crest,  and 
follows  the  meridian  of  120°  W.  Ion.  northward.  Area, 
383,300  square  miles.  It  includes  Vancouver,  Queen 
Charlotte's,  and  many  minor  islands.  A  large  part  of  its 
surface  is  mountainous  and  densely  timbered.  Gold-mining 
has  thus  far  been  a  leading  pursuit.  Tertiary  anthracite 
and  bituminous  coal  are  abundant,  and  are  exported  to 
some  extent.  Timber,  furs,  fish,  and  fish  oil  are  the  other 
principal  products.  There  are  considerable  tracts  of  arable 
land ;  and  in  the  S. W.,  where  the  principal  settlements  are, 
the  climate  is  mild  in  winter  and  cool  in  summer.  The 
rainfall  is  large.  Chief  towns.  New  Westminster,  and  Vic- 
toria, the  capital.  The  colony  has  its  own  legislature  and 
government,  and  sends  three  senators  and  six  members  of 
the  house  of  commons  to  the  parliament  of  Canada.  Pop. 
in  1881  49,459;  in  1891,  92,767. 

Brit'ish  Com'bo,  a  territory  in  the  British  colony  of 
Gambia,  West  Africa,  adjacent  to  the  town  of  Bathurst.  It 
is  a  part  of  the  peninsula  between  the  sea  and  the  estuary 
of  the  river  Gambia. 

British  Empire.    See  Great  Britain. 

British  Guiana,  ghe-&'n&,  aterritory  on  the  N.  coast 
of  South  America,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  and  consid- 
ered to  extend  from  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  8°  45'  N.  lat., 
as  far  southward  as  0°  40'  N.  lat.,  and  from  57°  to  61°  W. 
Ion.,  having  E.  Dutch  Guiana,  S.  Brazil,  and  W.  Venezuela. 
Area,  110,000  square  miles;  but  possession  of  much  of 
this  has  been  disputed  by  Brazil  and  Venezuela.  The  sur- 
face of  the  country  near  the  ocean  is  a  rich  alluvial  flat, 
extending  in  mud  banks  into  the  sea,  and  inland  from  10 
to  40  miles,  then  ascending  by  successive  terraoes  to  the 
Sierras  Pacaraima  and  Acarai,  on  the  S.W.  and  S.  frontiers ; 
while  near  the  W.  boundary  Mount  Roraima  rises  to  an  ele- 
vation of  7500  feet.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Essequibo, 
Demerara,  Berbice,  and  Corentyn,  the  last  forming  its  E. 
border.  On  the  low  grounds  the  climate  is  unhealthy. 
Dense  forests  clothe  the  interior.  There  are  two  rainy 
seasons  on  the  coast, — the  greater,  from  December  to  Feb- 
ruary, followed  by  a  lesser  till  April,  when  the  great  rain^ 
prevail  again  from  May  till  the  end  of  July.  In  the  inte- 
rior there  is  only  one  rainy  season, — from  April  till  the  mid- 


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die  of  August.  The  temperature  ranges  from  75°  to  90°  ; 
mean  temperature  of  the  year,  81°  Fahr.  The  prevailing 
wind  is  N.E.,  changing  in  the  rainy  season  to  W.  The 
vegetation  is  luxuriant.  Rice,  sugar-cane,  maize,  wheat, 
cacao,  vanilla,  tobacco,  and  cinnamon  are  raised.  The  ex- 
ports chiefly  consist  of  sugar,  rum,  molasses,  timber,  shin- 
gles, and  cotton, — considerably  more  than  half  of  which  are 
sent  to  Great  Britain.  The  imports  are  cottons,  casks,  ma- 
chinery, beer  and  ale,  butter,  iron,  rice,  &c.  The  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  governor,  council,  and  the  orders  of  the 
sovereign  in  council.  The  colony  is  divided  into  the  coun- 
ties of  Demerara,  Berbice,  and  Essequibo.  Chief  towns, 
Georgetown  the  capital,  and  New  Amsterdam.  The  African 
negroes  are  much  more  numerous  than  the  Europeans.  The 
aboriginal  Indians  are  estimated  at  7000.  During  1870, 
52,598  emigrants  arrived  here  from  Great  Britain,  and  many 
laborers  have  been  brought  from  the  East  Indies,  Madeira, 
China,  &c.     Pop.  in  1881,  252,186;  in  1891,  284,887. 

Brit'ish  Hol'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
in  Potosi  township,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Platieville. 
It  has  a  church. 

British  Honduras,  Central  America.    See  Bauze. 

British  India.    See  India. 

British  Sound,  Madagascar.    See  Diego  Saitriez. 

Britt,  a  post-town  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Algoua.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
creamery,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  700. 

Brittain,  brit't'n,  a  post-office  of  Butherford  co.,  N.C. 

Brittany,  a  province  of  France.     See  Brbtagne. 

Brittnau,  britt'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  2  miles  S.  of  Zofingen.     Pop.  2382. 

Britton,  Indiana.     See  New  Brixton. 

Brit'ton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  S.D.,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Andover.  It  contains  4  ohnrohes,  3 
banks,  and  extensive  flour-  and  feed-mills.  Two  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  514. 

Brit'ton's  Neck,  a  post-township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Great  Pedee  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Marion  Court- 
House.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  884. 

Britt's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River. 

Brittsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Hiawassee  River,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Brivata,  the  ancient  name  of  Briodob. 

Briv§,  breeVi',  a  river  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
joins  the  Loire  above  St.-Nazaire.     Length,  30  miles. 

Brives-la-Gaillarde,  breev-li-gih^yard',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Corr4ze,  at  a  railway  junction,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Tulle.  It  is  built  of  stone,  enclosed  by  planted 
boulevards,  and  has  a  communal  college,  manufactures  of 
woollens,  muslins,  silk,  handkerchiefs,  and  cotton  yarn, 
with  bleaching-works,  distilleries,  and  an  active  trade  in 
brandy,  wine,  chestnuts,  cattle,  and  truffles.     Pop.  8417. 

Briviesca,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bribiesca. 

Brivio,  bree've-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2092. 

Brivodurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Briare. 

Brix,  breex,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Manche, 
6J  miles  N.W.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  2289. 

Brix,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  BrVx. 

Brixellnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Brescelix). 

Brixen,  brix-en  (It.  Bressanone,  brSs-si-no'ni),  a  for- 
tified town  of  Tyrol,  S.  of  the  Alps,  40  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Innspruck,  on  the  route  by  the  Brenner  Pass.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  several  public  schools,  and  near 
it  are  some  iron-  and  steel-works.     Pop.  4349. 

Brixham,  brix' am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  S.W.  side  of  Torbay,  30  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Exeter. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  large  schools,  a  good  harbor,  and 
vessels  employed  in  the  coasting-trade,  besides  numerous 
boats  engaged  in  fisheries.     Pop.  4941. 

Brixia,  the  ancient  name  of  Brescia. 

Brizina,  bre-zee'nS,,  or  Berizina,  bSr-e-zee'nS,,  a 
village  of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  256  miles  S.W.  of  Algiers. 
It  contains  about  50  houses,  begirt  with  a  wall. 

B'rni,  a  town  of  Borneo.    See  Borneo  (town). 

Brno,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  BrUnn. 

Broach,  a  city  and  territory  of  India.    See  Baroach. 

Broadalbin,  brawd-lll'bin,  a  post-borough  of  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.  It  has  5  churches,  manufactures  of  knit  under- 
wear, gloves,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  2021. 

Broad  Axe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa.  IJ 
miles  from  Ambler  Railroad  Station. 

Broad  Bay,  of  Scotland,  is  situated  on  the  N.E.  side 
of  the  island  of  Lewis.  Length,  7  miles;  breadth,  from 
3  to  4  miles.     Lat.  58°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  10'  W. 


Broad  Bay,  a  township  of  Forsyth  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  993. 

Broad  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
in  East  Windsor  township,  near  Seantic  River,  and  on  the 
Connecticut  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hartford 
It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  &c. 

Broad  Cove,  a  village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Digby  Neck,  near  St.  Mary's  Bay,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Digby. 
Pop.  200. 

Broad  Cove,  or  Cherry  Hill,  a  post-village  in 
Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  20  miles  S.W 
of  Lunenburg.     Pop.  300. 

Broad  Cove  Intervale,  a  post-village  in  Inverness 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Mabou.     Pop.  250. 

Broad  Cove  Marsh,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  and  on  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Broad  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.  Pop. 
3480.  It  is  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  and  contains  severa'' 
villages. 

Broad  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C,  28  miles 
E.  of  New-Berne.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Broad'ford,  a  post-town  of  Logan  co.,  Idaho,  1^  miles 
W.  of  Bellevue.  Silver-mining  and  lead-mining  are  car- 
ried on  here.     Pop.  320. 

Broad  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the- 
Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad  at  the  junction  of  the  Mt.  Pleasant 
&  Broad  Ford  Railroad,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Connellsville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery, 
Ac.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Broadford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smythe  co.,  Va.,  in  a  fine 
blue-grass  region,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Saltville.  Fine 
beds  of  gypsum  abound  in  the  valleys,  and  iron  ore  is  found 
in  the  mountains  near  by. 

Broad^ford'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  5  miles  from  Hagerstown.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a 
fluuring-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Broadha'gen,  or  Brodba'gen,  a  post-village  in 
Perth  CO.,  Ontario,  5  miles  from  Carronbrook.  It  has  & 
saw-mill,  a  flax-mill,  a  rope-factory,  a  soap-  and  candle- 
factory,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  200. 

Broad 'haven,  a  small  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  between  Ben  wee  and  Errishead,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Bangor. 

Broadkiln,  brawd'kil,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del., 
on  Delaware  Bay.     Pop.  2419. 

Broad'lands,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  111., 
18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns. 

Broad  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  ridge  which  ex- 
tends through  Schuylkill  co.  It  is  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  Pottsville  coal  basin,  which  it  separates  from  the  Ma 
hanoy  basin.  It  is  about  5  miles  wide,  and  has  a  broad, 
flat  top.  Rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal  have  been  opened 
in  its  sides  or  at  its  base.  The  western  part  or  extension 
of  this  ridge  is  called  Locust  Mountain. 

Broad  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
is  at  New  Castle,  7  miles  N.  of  Pottsville. 

Broad  Mouth  Creek  flows  into  Saluda  River,  near 
the  northern  extremity  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Broad  Rip'ple,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Broad  River  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  North  Caro- 
lina, and  drains  parts  of  Rutherford  and  Cleveland  cos.  in 
that  state.  Passing  into  South  Carolina,  it  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  York,  Chester, 
and  Fairfield  cos.  on  the  E.,  and  Union,  Newberry,  and  Lex- 
ington on  the  W.  It  unites  with  the  Saluda  at  Columbia 
to  form  the  Congaree  River.  Length  estimated  at  220 
miles. 

Broad  River,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
state,  runs  southeastward,  drains  Franklin  and  Madison 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River  at  the  N.  end  of  Lin- 
coln CO. 

Broad  River,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  399. 

Broad  River,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1116.  .  ■ 

Broad  River,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1465.  j 

Broad  River,  a  small  village  in  Queens  co.,  Not» 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  130. 

Broad  Run,  of  Loudoun  oo.,  Va.,  flows  northward,  and 
enters  the  Potomac  10  miles  S.E.  of  Leesburg. 

Broad  Run,  a  small  stream  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vif; 
ginia,  rises  in  Fauquier  co.,  flows  southeastward,  and  unit(#| 


I 


BRO 


715 


BRO 


^th  Cedar  Run  to  form  the  Occoquan  River,  about  1  mile 

ilow  Brentsville.     It  is  a  valuable  mill-stream. 

Broad  Run,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Hroad  Run,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
jaington  .t  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 

Broad  Run  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co., 
[a.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  of  Alex- 
ria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Broad  Shoals    a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Broad  Sound,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia, 
in  lat.  22°  30'  S.    Length,  50  miles ;  breadth,  22  miles. 

Broad'stairs  (formerly  Bradstowe),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Kent,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ramsgate.     Pop.  1926. 

Broad  Top,  a  township  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  It  in- 
cludes Coaldale.     Pop.  1626. 

Broad  Top,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  is 
on  or  near  the  mountain  of  the  same  name,  on  the  East 
Broad  Top  Railroad,  and  near  the  Huntingdon  <fe  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  327. 

Broad  Top  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Bedford  co.  and  S.W.  part  of  Huntingdon.  Here 
are  mines  of  good  coal  which  contains  about  75  per  cent, 
of  fixed  carbon.  The  Broad  Top  coal  region  is  an  isolated 
coal-field,  and  has  an  area  of  80  square  miles.  The  coal  is 
sent  to  market  by  the  Huntingdon  <fc  Broad  Top  Railroad. 

Broad^view',  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 

Broad' way,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Boston. 

Broadway,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Morris  Canal  and  Pohatcong  Creek,  and  on  the  Morris  <fe 
Essex  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Broadway,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Flushing. 
^^  Broadway,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
^^Broadway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
^Hlltic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E,  of  Urbana. 
^B^has  a  church. 

^■Broadway,  township,  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1378. 
^■Broadway,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Staunton  with  Winchester,  38 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  with  manufactures  of  pottery, 
I       tanner's  bark,  machinery,  brooms,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 
I  Broad'well,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  21  miles 

I  by  rail  N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln. 
1  Jt  has  2  churches.  Pop.  194  j  of  the  township,  920. 
I^LBroadwell,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern 
I^Wilroad,  13  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Cincinnati,  0. 
■^~  Brock,  a  post-town  of  Nemaha  co,,  Neb.,  about  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Auburn,  It  has  3  churches  and 
several  stores.     Pop,  200. 

Brock,  a  post-namlet  of  Barke  co.,  0.,  in  York  town- 
ship, about  20  miles  W,N,W,  of  Piqua.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brock,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Brocken,  brok'k^n,  or  Blocksberg,  bloks'bSnG,  a 
mountain  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony,  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Halberstadt,  in  the  Harz  Mountains,  of  which  it  is  the 
culminating  point,  3740  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
This  mountain  is  the  scene  of  the  optical  phenomenon 
called  the  "  Spectre  of  the  Brocken." 

Brock'ett's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  N.E.  from  Little  Falls.     It  has  2  churches, 

Brockhagen,  brok'hi'oh^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  32  miles  S.W,  of  Minden,     Pop,  1898, 

Brock'port,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo,,  N,Y,,  in 
Sweden  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  17  miles  W,  by  N.  of  Rochester,  and  39 
miles  E.  of  Lookport.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  state  nor- 
mal school,  founded  in  1866,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
a  manufactory  of  pumps,  several  mills,  and  a  large  manu- 
factory of  reapers  and  mowers.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Brockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co,.  Pa.,  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  fire-brick,  and  coal.     Pop.  200. 

Brock'ton,  formerly  North  Bridgewater,  a  city 
of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  20 
miles  8.  of  Boston.  It  has  19  churches,  2  national  banks, 
1  savings-bank,  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  is 
almost  unrivalled  as  a  boot  and  shoe  manufacturing  centre, 
and  also  has  extensive  manufactures  of  wood  and  paper 
boxes,  shoe-tools,  rubber  goods,  electrical  supplies,  and  tacks 
■"''  ""•'"      Pop,  in  1890,  27,294, 


and  nails. 


Brock'ton,  or  Lip'pincott,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Toronto,  It  has  a  rope-factory 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Brock'town,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ark. 

Brock'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  i  mile  from  Murray  Station.     It  has  4  houses. 

Brockville,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa,,  on  the 
Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E,  of  Pottsville.  A 
branch  railroad  leads  hence  to  the  Brockville  coal-mines. 

Brockville,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co,,  Va,,  on 
a  railroad,  14  miles  W,  of  Fredericksburg, 

Brockville,  a  port  of  entry,  U.S.  Consulate,  and  the 
chief  town  of  the  united  counties  of  Leeds  and  Grenville, 
Ontario,  at  the  foot  of  the  Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  125  miles  S.W.  of 
Montreal.  It  is  an  important  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  one  of  the  terminal  points  of  the  Canadian  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Brockville,  West- 
port  &  Sault  Sainte  Marie  Railroads,  and  a  port  of  call  of 
steamers  plying  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  streets  are  well 
laid  out,  lighted  with  gas  and  electric  light,  and  adorned 
with  numerous  handsome  buildings.  The  town  has  manu- 
factures of  stoves,  edge  tools,  agricultural  implements,  en- 
gines, boilers,  and  gloves,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop, 
several  tanneries,  flouring-mills,  saw-mills,  Ac.  There  is 
also  a  manufactory  of  sulphuric  acid  and  superphosphate 
of  lime,  the  materials  for  which  are  found  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  town.  Two  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished in  Brockville.  It  also  has  a  fine  collegiate  institu- 
tion and  a  business  college,  and  is  connected  by  steam  ferry 
with  Morristown,  N.Y.     Pop.  5102. 

Brock'way,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Brockway  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Emmett  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Brockway  Centre.  Total  pop.  1570. 

Brockway,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  9 
miles  N.W.  from  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  568. 

Brockway  Centre,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.    See  Yale, 

Brockway's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co.. 
Me.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Dover. 

Brock'wayville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
rn  Snyder  township,  on  a  small  affluent  of  Clarion  River, 
18  miles  S.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  lumber-mills,  a  bank,  and  large  deposits  of  fire-clay 
and  bituminous  coal.     Pop.  929. 

Brockwear,  a  village  of  England.    See  Brookswar. 

Brocomagus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Brumath. 

Broc'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  38  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Danville,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  292. 

Brocton,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Central, 
the  New  York,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  (station,  Brocton  Junc- 
tion), and  the  Western  New  York  A  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
roads. It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  basket-factory,  and  is  the  centre  of  the  grape-growing 
industry  of  western  New  York,     Pop,  812, 

Brod,  or  Bohmisch  ("Bohemian")  Brod,  bo'mish 
brot,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  3141, 

Brod,  or  Deutsch  ("  German")  Brod,  doitsh  brSt, 
called  also  Nemecky-Brod,  nSm-ets'k^  brod,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  60  miles  S,E.  of  Prague. 
Pop,  4987, 

Brod,  or  Slavonisch  (sl3,-fo'nish)  Brod,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  on  the  Save,  •  pposite  Turkish  Brod 
Pop,  3362, 

Brod,  or  Ungarisch  ("  Hungarian")  Brod,  dfin- 
gi'rish  br3t,  a  town  of  Moravia,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hradisch. 
Pop.  3210. 

B  rod,  called  also  Turkish  Brod  (Hung.  Toro/b-^roc^/ 
Ger.  Turkisch  Brod),  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  on  the 
Save,  opposite  Slavonisch  Brod,  and  88  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Travnik.     Pop.  4200. 

Brod'becK's,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  li  miles 
from  Green  Ridge  Railroad  Station. 

Brodhagen,  Perth  co.,  Ontario.    See  Broashaoen. 

Brod'head,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ey.,  28 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Shelby  City.  It  has  2  churches,  sev- 
eral stores,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  Ao.     Pop.  277. 

Brodhead,  a  station  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &,  Lackawanna  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Brodhead,  a  post-village  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  in  Deca- 
tur township,  on  Sugar  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Mon- 
roe, the  capital  of  the  county,  and  34  miles  S.  of  Madison- 


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It  has  a  high  school,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  steam 
phining-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  corn- 
planters,&o.  Two  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 1461. 

Brod'head's  Bridge,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Rondout. 

Brodhead's  Creek,  Monroo  co..  Pa.,  runs  southward, 
passes  by  Stroudsburg,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River 
nearly  1  mile  above  the  Water  Gap. 

Brod'headsville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Chestnut  Hill  township,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  normal  school,  and  an  academy.    Pop.  554. 

Bro'dick  Bay,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Arran,  Scot- 
land. Adjoining  the  village  is  Brodick  Castle,  a  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Hamilton.     The  scenery  is  highly  picturesque. 

Brod'ie's  Landing,  apost-oflSce,  Decatur  co.,  Tenn. 

Brodincz,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Strasburg. 

Bro'dy,  a  frontier  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  58  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Lemberg.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  great  trade. 
Pop.  18,890. 

Broek,  brSok,  or  Broek-in- Waterland,  brfiSk-in- 
<V3,'ter-lint,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,.  North  Holland, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1566. 

Brog'den,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2560. 

Broglie,  brogMee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Bernay.     Pop.  1252. 

Brogueville,  brog'vll,  formerly  Union,  a  post-hamlet 
of  York  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Chanceford  township,  3  miles  from 
Brogueville  Station,  and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Columbia.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches. 

Brogueville  Station  (Parke  Post-OflSce),  York  co., 
Pa.,  is  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bro'ken  Ar'row  (Coal  City  Post-Office),  a  post-ham- 
let of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles  S.  of  Ashville,  and  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches. 

Broken  Arrow,  a  village  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Broken  Bow,  a  city,  the  capital  and  principal  trading- 
point  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  in  a  rich  agricultural  section,  St) 
miles  by  rail  N.  W.  of  Grand  Island.  It  contains  7  churches, 
2  national  and  2  private  banks,  and  a  high  school.  Pour 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  1645. 

Brok'enburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Broken  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Papua.     Lat.  2°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  50'  E. 

Broken  Islands,  a  group  of  islands,  sometimes  called 
Borongo  or  BolongO;  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  off  the  coast  of 
Aracan  ;  they  are  three  in  number,  and  are  situated  imme- 
diately to  the  south  of  Aracan  River. 

Broken  Rock,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  76 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Broken  Straw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
is  at  Grant  Station  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  W.  of  Jamestown.  Here  are  2  churches,  a 
steam  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Broken  Straw,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1048,  exclusive  of  Youngsville.  Broken  Straw  Station  is 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Erie. 

Broken  Straw  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southeast- 
ward in  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  5  miles 
W.  of  Warren. 

Broken  Sword,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in 
Holmes  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Bucyrus.    It  has  3  churches. 

Bromberg,  brom'bSaG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Brahe,  69  miles  N.E.  of  Posen.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  a  normal  school,  with  manufactures  of 
chiccory,  tobacco,  Prussian  blue,  linen  and  woollen  fabrics, 
and  an  active  transit  trade.  The  Bromberg  Canal  connects 
the  Vistula  with  the  Oder  and  Elbe,  by  uniting  the  rivers 
Netz  and  Brahe.     Pop.  in  1880,  31,308,-  in  1890,  41,399. 

Bronie,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Memphremagog,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  state  of  Ver- 
mont. Area,  835  square  miles.  This  county  is  drained  by 
a  number  of  streams,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Southeastern 
Railway.     Capital,  Knowlton.     Pop.  13,757. 

Brome,  or  Brome  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Brome 
CO.,  Quebec,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Knowlton.  It  has  2 
saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bromemere,  brom^meer',  a  post-village  in  Brome  co., 
Quebec,  5  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  150. 

Brom'field,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  churches  of  3  de- 
nominations, a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Bromley,  brum'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on 
the  Ravensbourne,  10  miles  by  2  railways  S.E.  of  London. 


The  town  consists  mostly  of  a  single,  neatly-built  street,  on 
the  road  from  London  to  Tunbridge.  It  has  a  large  church, 
containing  the  monuments  of  several  bishops  of  Rochester, 
and  a  handsome  and  well-endowed  college,  founded  in  1666. 
Pop.  of  parish,  10,674. 

Bromp'ton,  a  western  suburb  of  the  metropolis  of 
England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  1  mile  W.S.W.  of  Hyde  Park 
Corner.  It  has  several  handsome  squares  and  terraces. 
Pop.  28,654. 

Brompton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  enclised 
within  the  line  of  Chatham  Fortifications.  It  stands  on  a 
height  above  Chatham  Dockyard,  is  a  part  of  the  parlia- 
mentary borough  of  Chatham,  and  comprises  a  fine  naval 
hospital  and  barracks.     Pop.  8424. 

Brompton,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  li  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northallerton.  Here  was  fought 
the  "  Battle  of  the  Standards,"  in  which  the  Scots  were  de- 
feated by  the  English,  a.d.  1138.     Pop.  1364. 

Brompton  Falls,  or  St.  Francis  Mills,  a  post- 
village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sherbrooke.  It  has  several  saw- 
mills, a  paper-mill,  and  a  large  lumber  trade.     Pop.  500. 

Bromsebro,  brom's4-broo,  a  hamlet  of  Sweden,  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Kalmar,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Bromse. 

Broms'grove,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Birmingham.  The  town  consists  chiefly  of 
a  long  street;  it  has  some  good  houses,  a  fine  old  church, 
an  art  school,  a  neat  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  nails, 
buttons,  malt,  needles,  and  linen.  Its  grammar-school 
has  scholarships  in  Worcester  College,  Oxford.     Pop.  6967 

Bromwicn,  England.     See  West  Bromwich. 

Brom'yard,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Hereford,  near  the  Frome.     Pop.  of  parish,  2978. 

Bron'co,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Truckee. 

Brondolo,  bron'do-lo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of  the  Lido,  3  miles  S.  of 
Chioggia,  on  the  Brenta  Nuova. 

Broni,  bro'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Voghera,  near  the  Po.  Near  it  is  the  castle  of  Broni, 
famous  for  the  victory  gained  by  Prince  Eugene  over  the 
French  in  1703.     Pop.  4814. 

Bronnitza,  bron-nit'si,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Moscow,  on  the  Moskva.     Pop.  3284. 

Bron'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on 
a  beautiful  lake,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Gainesville.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  6  cotton-gins,  2  grist-mills, 
a  wagon-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  291. 

Bronson,  a  post-town  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bronson,  a  post-village  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Coldwater.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  flour,  staves,  headings,  &c.     Pop.  875. 

Bronson's  Station,  South  Carolina.    See  Brunson. 

Bronte,  bron'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Catania,  at  the  W.  foot  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  12,092. 

Bronte,  bron'te,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
at  the  entrance  of  Twelve  Mile  Creek  in  Lake  Ontario,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  550. 

Bron'wood,  a  post-town  of  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  in  a  fine 
fruit-  and  stock-raising  section,  27  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cuth- 
bert.  It  has  5  churches,  schools  for  white  and  colored,  and 
flouring-  and  ginning-mills.     Pop.  406. 

Bronx  River,  rises  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound.  It  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Westchester  and  New  York  counties. 

Bronx'ville,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Eastchester  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
15i  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  carriage-axles.     Pop.  about  160. 

Broo^ang'  (or  Buren'do)  Pass,  a  pass  through  the 
Himalaya  Mountains,  on  the  course  of  the  Sutlej,  15,095 
feet  above  sea-level.     Lat.  31°  23'  N. ;  Ion  78°  12'  E. 

Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
N.E.  from  Kentland. 

Brook'bury,a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  100.  j 

Brook'dale,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles  J 
N.  of  Lamed.     Pop.  of  township,  66.  m 

Brookdale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Bloom- 
field  township,  1  mile  from  Peru  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  5  miles  S.  of  Paterson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookdale,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  thf 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester 

Brook  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co..  y  Y 


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3  uiilc^  from  North  Stockholm.     It  has  2  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

BrookdaIe«  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  2^ 
miles  from  Conklin  Station,  and  about  11  miles  S.  of  Bing- 
hamton,  N.Y.     It  has  3  saw-mills. 

Brooke,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  84  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  it.  The  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad  traverses  its  W.  boundary 
from  N.  to  S.,  passing  through  Wellsburg.  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5464;  in  1880,  6013;  in  1890,  6660. 

Brooke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stafford  co.,  Va,,  on  the  Rich- 
mond, Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of 
Fredericksburg,  and  3  miles  direct  S.  of  Stafford. 

Brooke'land,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  co.,  Tex. 

Brooke's  Mills,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Altoona 
to  Henrietta,  7  miles  S.  from  HoUidaysburg,  Pa. 

Brookeville,  Maryland.     See  Brookville. 

Brook'field,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  iij 
Brookfield  township,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad  near 
its  junction  with  the  Danbury  Branch,  29  miles  N.  by  W. 
from  Bridgeport,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danbury,  and  2  miles 
S.W.  of  the  Housatonic  River,  which  forms  the  N.E.  bound- 
ary of  the  township.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  hats,  knives,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  1193. 

Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Western  (formerly  the  Brunswick  <fc  Albany) 
Railroad,  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  several 
stores,  2  cotton-gins,  manufactures  of  naval  stores,  Ac. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.    Pop.  1230. 

Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
994.     It  contains  Delmar. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  448. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Brookfield  township,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
23  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Worcester,  and  31  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Springfield.  It  is  near  Chicopee  River,  which  intersects 
the  township.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  manufactories  of  carriages 
and  shoes.  The  township  has  5  churches,  and  contains  a 
village  named  East  Brookfield.     Pop.  2660. 

Brookfield,  or  Brookfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet 

Brookfield  township,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  22  miles  S.S.W. 

Lansing.     Pop.  of  township,  1104. 
rookfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  171. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.   Pop,  58. 

Brookfield,  a  post-villap:e  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  in  Brook- 
field township,  on  Yellow  Creek,  and  on  the  Hannibal  A 
St.  Joseph  and  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroads,  104 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  26  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
contains  8  churches,  3  banks,  machine-shops  and  round- 
house of  the  railroad,  2  large  hotels,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  public  school-house  which  cost  $20,000.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2264;  in  1890,  4547. 

Brookfield,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wolf- 
borough  Branch  Railroad.     Pop.  416. 

Brookfield,  formerly  Clark'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brookfield  township,  about  22  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Utica.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school  with  an  academic  department,  a  tannery,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Brookfield,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Unadilla  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Brookfield  or  Clarkville,  Leonards- 
ville,  and  North  Brookfield.     Pop.  3516. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  978. 

Brookfield,  Stark  co.,  0.    See  West  Brookfield. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Brookfield  township.  It  has  6  churches,  and  in  the  vicinity 
are  extensive  coal-mines.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2657. 
Brookfield  Station  is  on  the  Youngstown  Branch  of  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Youngstown,  and 
3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Sharon,  Pa. 

Brookfield,  a  post-township  forming  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Corning, 
N.Y.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  885. 

Brookfield,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,Vt.,  in  Brook- 
field township,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  village  named  East  Brookfield,  and  has  4 
churches.  It  has  manufactures  of  cheese,  hay-forks,  Ac. 
Pop.  1269  f       J  > 


Ik 


Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wahkiakum  co.,  Wash., 
on  the  Columbia  River,  near  its  mouth,  about  5  miles  W. 
of  Skamokawa,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Brookfield  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee,  It  is  at  the  junction 
of  two  divisions  of  that  road. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  53  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  3  stores 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  150. 

Brookfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co., 
Conn.,  in  Brookfield  township,  1  mile  from  Brookfield 
Junction,     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookfield  Centre,  Michigan.    See  Brookfield. 

Brookfield  Junction,  in  Brookfield  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  is  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Danbury  Branch,  27  miles  N.W.  by  N.  from 
Bridgeport. 

Brook^ha'ven,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.. 
Miss.,  128  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  55  miles 
S.  by  W.  from  Jackson.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  fe- 
male college,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber.  It  is  surrounded  by  pine  forests. 
Pop.  2142. 

Brookhaven,  a  large  township  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y,,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Long  Island 
Railroad.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Patchogue,  Port  Jef- 
ferson, Brookhaven,  Setauket,  Ac.  The  soil  in  some  parts 
is  fertile.     Pop.  11,451. 

Brookhaven,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Brookhaven  township,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  near 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  It  has  2  churches.  Pop,  about 
350. 

Brook'ings,  a  county  of  South  Dacota,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Big  Sioux,  and  contains  a  number  of  small 
lakes.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road and  its  branches.  Capital,  Brookings,  Pop.  in  1870, 
163;  in  1880,  4965;  in  1890,  10,1.32, 

Brookings,  a  city,  capital  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D.,  65 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Tracy,  Minn.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  agri- 
cultural college.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  flax  and  flour.     Pop.  1518. 

Brook'landville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Green  Spring  Branch  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Brook'lin,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co,.  Me.,  in 
Brooklin  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  44  miles 
S.  by  E.  from  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  a  town  hall, 
and  a  high  school.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  the  fisheries 
and  trade.     Pop.  of  the  township,  966. 

Brooklin,  a  hamlet  in  Ray  township,  Macomb  co,, 
Mich,,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Romeo,  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
a  store,  and  several  shops.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Davis. 

Brooklin,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C, 

Brooklin,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  by  rail  from  Whitby,  It  contains  4  large  flouring- 
mills,  a  tannery,  an  iron-foundry,  several  furniture-fac- 
tories, Ac.     Pop,  650. 

Brookline,  brook'lin,  a  post-township  and  village  of 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  is  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  estuary  of  Charles  River.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  the  Brookline  Branch  of  the  Boston  A 
Albany  Railroad,  is  intersected  by  the  Boston,  Hartford  A 
Erie  Railroad,  and  is  connected  to  Boston  by  a  street  rail- 
way. It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  fine  town  hall. 
Here  are  numerous  elegant  villas  and  country-seats,  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  gardens,  parks,  and  shrubberies.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  philosophical  instruments,  and  a 
weekly  newspaper.     Pop,  in  1880,  8057;  in  1890,  12,103, 

Brookline,  brook'lin,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of 
Hillsborough  co.,  N,H.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Nashua.  It 
contains  2  churches,  and  has  manufactories  of  furniture. 
Pop.  741. 

Brookline,  a  township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt,,  6  miles 
W.  of  Putney,     Pop.  203. 

Brookline  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits  of 
Boston,  Mass,,  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Brookline  Branch,  2  miles  from  the  initial 
station  in  Boston, 

Brookline  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oreene  co..  Mo., 
en  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brooklyn,  brook'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coneonh  co.. 


uKo 


718 


BRO 


1 


Ala.,  on  the  Sepulga  River,  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mo- 
bile.    It  has  a  church  and  about  12  families. 

Brooklyn,  a  former  post-village  of  Alameda  cc,  Cal., 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  9  miles  E.  of 
the  city  of  San  Francisco,  and  1  or  2  miles  S.E.  of  Oakland. 
It  is  on  the  San  Jos6  Branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road. It  is  now  a  part  of  Oakland,  and  is  sometimes  called 
East  Oakland.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  newspaper  of&ce, 
2  tanneries,  2  carriage-factories,  2  terra-cotta  works,  Ac. 
A  bridge  over  a  small  estuary  or  inlet  connects  East  Oakland 
with  the  other  part  of  the  city. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  and  township,  capital  of 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Hartford,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Quinebaug  River,  which  is  the  east  bound- 
ary of  "the  township.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  2  hotels,  a  circulating 
library,  a  creamery,  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  and  or 
spectacles,  and  many  fine  residences.  Pop.  in  1880,  2308; 
in  1890,  2628. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Geor- 
gia Southern  &  Florida  Railroad,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Palatka. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  about  55 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Brooklyn,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.  Pop.  1235. 
Brooklyn  Station  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Rock  River  Railroad, 
46  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  The  township  contains  the  village 
of  Compton. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Massac  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  4  miles  below  Paducah,  Ky.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop.  100.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Pellonia. 

Brooklyn,  a  station  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis,  the  Indianapolis  & 
St.  Louis,  and  several  other  railroads,  1  mile  N.  of  East  St. 
Louis,  111. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Crooked  Creek,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rushville.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township  11.38. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  & 
Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  estimated  at  600. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  E. 
by  N.  from  Des  Moines,  and  106  miles  W.  of  Davenport. 
It  has  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  mill,  several 
grain-elevators,  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  weekly 
newspaper,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  1109. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Hy. 

Brooklyn,  a  village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  2  or  .3  miles  above  Cincinnati. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Jessamine,  Mercer,  and  Wood- 
ford COS.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  3i  miles  from  Scott's 
Railroad  depot.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  opposite  Baltimore,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  fertilizer 
and  chrome  works,  lumber-  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  700. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Raisin  River,  in  Columbia  township,  66  miles  by  rail  W.S.  W. 
of  Detroit,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  bank, 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700, 

Brooklyn,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  876. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  27  miles 
W.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  outlet 
of  Lake  Hopatcong,  1  mile  N.  of  Port  Morris. 

Brooklyn,  a  city,  seaport,  and  capital  of  Kings  co., 
N.Y.,  at  the  W.  and  S.W.  ends  of  Long  Island,  146  miles  S. 
of  Albany,  and  235  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Washington. 
Lat.  of  the  navy-yard,  40°  51'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  73°  59'  30"  W. 
A  strait  called  the  East  River,  varying  from  one-half  to  one 
mile  in  width,  and  connecting  Long  Island  Sound  with  the 
upper  New  York  Bay,  separates  Brooklyn  from  New  York 
City,  while  the  navigable  Newtown  Creek  separates  it  from 
Long  Island  City  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  The  northern  part 
of  Brooklyn  consists  of  the  former  city  of  Williamsburg 
and  the  town  of  Greenpoint,  while  recent  additions  (1894)  in 
other  directions  have  made  the  city  coextensive  with  Kings 
county.  In  the  west  central  part  of  the  city  is  a  debouch- 
ment of  the  East  River  known  as  Wallabout  Bay,  on  the 
E.  and  S.  shores  of  which  is  located  the  United  States  Navy- 


Yard.  The  section  known  as  "The  Hill"  extends  from 
Myrtle  Avenue,  just  S.  of  the  Navy-Yard,  to  the  confines 
of  Prospect  Park  and  Greenwood  Cemetery.  Here  and  on 
Columbia  Heights,  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  East 
River,  are  elegant  mansions  and  handsome  residences. 
South  of  the  "  Heights,"  on  New  York  Bay,  skirting  But- 
termilk Channel,  is  South  Brooklyn  or  Go  wan  us.  Near 
the  extreme  southern  end  of  the  city,  situated  upon  a  high 
ridge  and  overlooking  Gowanus  Bay,  New  York  Bay,  New 
York  City,  and  Brooklyn,  with  views  of  Jersey  City,  Green- 
ville, and  Staten  Island,  is  the  famed  Greenwood  Cemetery, 
containing  about  400  acres ;  while  on  the  same  ridge  is 
situated  Prospect  Park,  covering  570  acres,  the  cost  of 
which,  including  its  adornments  and  the  two  magnificent 
boulevards  connected  with  it,  forming  a  continuous  drive 
from  the  beach  at  Coney  Island  to  East  New  York,  has  been 
nearly  $12,000,000.  In  the  latter  annexed  district  is  Ridge- 
wood  Reservoir,  from  which,  principally,  the  city  is  sup- 
plied with  water.  The  suburbs  of  the  city  are  filled  with 
residences  of  surpassing  elegance,  surrounded  by  yards 
adorned  with  beautiful  gardens  and  shrubbery. 

Thirteen  lines  of  steam  ferry-boats  connect  the  various 
sections  of  Brooklyn  with  New  York,  and  other  lines  connect 
it  with  Jersey  City.  The  East  River  Suspension  Bridge, 
finished  May  24,  1883,  and  designed  to  accommodate  rail- 
way-traffic as  well  as  foot-passage  and  carriages,  extends 
from  Brooklyn  to  New  York.  This  is  next  to  the  longest 
suspension  bridge  in  the  world,  having  a  total  length  of 
5987  feet,  with  a  span  of  1595  feet  and  a  breadth  of  85  feet. 
A  suspension  bridge  connecting  New  York  with  Broadway, 
Brooklyn,  is  also  in  course  of  construction.  Brooklyn 
is  the  terminus  of  branches  of  the  main  Long  Island  rail- 
way system,  connecting  it  with  Greenport  and  Sag  Harbor 
and  all  the  principal  points  on  Long  Island,  while  "Annex" 
boats  transfer  passengers  to  and  from  the  trunk  railroad 
lines  at  Jersey  City  and  also  connect  with  the  Albany  and 
Boston  boats.  Five  steam  railways  and  2  electric  roads 
connect  it  with  Coney  Island.  The  system  of  street  and 
suburban  railways  is  very  extensive,  including  three  sys- 
tems of  elevated  roads,  with  five  distinct  lines.  Freight- 
cars  are  also  brought  to  its  docks  and  warehouses  by  floats 
and  steam-tugs,  great  numbers  of  which  are  employed  in 
this  business. 

The  Atlantic  Dock,  on  Buttermilk  Channel,  opposite  Gov- 
ernor's Island,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Fulton  Ferry,  and  the  Erie 
and  Brooklyn  Basins,  all  in  South  Brooklyn,  are  among  the 
most  extensive  works  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States, 
and  are  lined  with  immense  storehouses  for  grain  and  other 
freight.  The  Atlantic  Dock,  erected  by  a  company  incor- 
porated in  1840,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000,  embraces 
within  its  piers  40.86  acres.  The  Erie  and  Brooklyn  Basins 
have  areas  respectively  of  60  and  40  acres.  The  United 
States  Navy- Yard  occupies  about  40  acres  of  ground,  is  en- 
closed on  the  land  side  by  a  high  stone  wall,  and  contains, 
besides  the  residences  of  the  officers,  extensive  ship-houses, 
workshops,  a  large  amount  of  military  stores,  and  an  ex 
tensive  dry-dock,  built  at  a  cost  of  $1,000,000.  Brooklyn 
has  a  water-front  of  10  miles,  a  perimeter  of  30  miles,  and 
an  area  of  about  32,000  acres.  Its  manufacturing  interests 
are  large  and  varied.  The  refining  of  sugar  and  petroleum 
and  the  storage  of  freight  are  great  industries.  There  aro 
numerous  large  factories  for  the  making  of  glass,  clothing, 
caps,  carpets,  cordage,  chemicals,  paints,  linseed  oil,  oil- 
cloth, pharmaceutical  preparations,  metallic  wares,  tobacco, 
cigars,  castings,  steam  boilers,  hats,  wire,  lace,  buttons, 
paper,  and  felt  goods.  Greenpoint  is  extensively  engaged 
in  the  building  and  repairing  of  ships.  Brooklyn  has  4 
national  and  15  other  banks,  7  trust  companies,  and  13 
savings-banks,  with  immense  capital  invested  in  building 
and  other  corporate  associations,  5  daily,  5  weekly,  and 
several  trade  publications,  besides  an  illustrated  weekly. 

Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  court-house,  which 
cost  $543,000,  the  old  city  hall,  the  new  municipal  build- 
ing, erected  at  a  cost  of  $200,000,  Academy  of  Music,  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  2400,  Academy  of  Design,  Brooklyn 
Library,  Pratt  Library  and  Institute,  city  jail,  city  hos- 
pital, house  of  correction,  almshouse,  lunatic  asylum,  deaf- 
mute  asylum,  Ac.  The  charitable  institutions  comprise 
homes  for  destitute  children,  for  newsboys,  for  the  aged,  _ 
for  the  idiotic  and  deformed,  and  numerous  orphanages,  g 
dispensaries,  infirmaries,  and  hospitals.  The  city  has  321 
churches,  some  of  them  being  buildings  of  great  archi- 
tectural merit;  84  public  schools,  with  125,000  pupils, 
employing  1600  teachers,  and  costing  $2,500,000  yearly; 
2  high  schools,  2  medical  colleges,  a  Roman  Catholic  col- 
lege and  priests'  seminary;  numerous  convents,  often  with 
schools    attached ;    and    many   private    and    incorporated 


BRO 


719 


BRO 


aciidemies  and  seminaries.  The  principal  denominations 
represented  are  the  Baptist,  Congregational,  Dutch  Re- 
formed, Episcopal,  Methodist,  Lutheran,  Presbyterian, 
Roman  Catholic,  and  Jewish.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of  Long  Island. 

In  August,  1776,  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  so  disastrous 
to  the  American  forces,  was  fought  upon  ground  now 
within  the  limits  of  Prospect  Park ;  and  at  Wallabout 
Bay,  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  were  stationed  the 
English  prison-ships,  in  which  it  is  said  nearly  12,000 
Americans  perished  from  close  confinement  and  other  ill- 
treatment.  The  bodies  of  the  suflferers  were  hastily  buried 
upon  the  shore,  with  little  care  except  to  conceal  them 
from  sight.  In  1808,  their  bones,  which  were  beginning  to 
be  washed  from  their  graves,  were  taken  up  and  placed  in 
thirteen  coflBns,  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  thirteen 
original  states,  and  then  deposited  in  a  common  vault,  be- 
neath a  building  erected  for  the  purpose,  on  Hudson  Ave- 
nue, near  the  navy-yard.  In  1873  the  remains  were  placed 
in  a  tomb  in  Fort  Green  (or  Washington)  Park,  Myrtle 
Avenue.  The  King's  Highway,  the  road  by  which  the 
British  marched  from  Gravesend  Bay,  near  the  suburban 
town  of  Bensonhurst,  is  now  a  favorite  driveway. 

Bi-ooklyn  was  incorporated  in  the  year  1646  by  the 
authorities  of  New  Amsterdam  (New  York  City),  and 
named  Breukelen,  from  a  town  of  the  same  name  in  the 
Netherlands  (Holland).  It  was  im^orporated  as  a  township, 
under  its  present  name,  in  April,  1806,  and  as  a  city,  with 
the  same  area,  6  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide,  in  1834.  In 
1855,  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg,  and  Bushwick  were  united 
Tinder  one  government.  In  1894  the  city  was  made  co- 
extensive with  Kings  county.  It  ranks  as  the  fourth  in 
the  United  States  in  population.  The  number  of  its  inhabi- 
tants in  1810  was  4402;  in  1820,  7175;  in  1830,  15,896; 
in  1840,  36,233;  in  1850,  96,838;  in  1860,  266,661;  in 
1870,  896.099 ;  in  1880,  566,663  ;  in  1890,  806,343. 

Brooklyn,  or  South  Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of 
Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  Brooklyn  township,  3^  miles  S.  of 
■Cleveland  court-house.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Cuyahoga  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  2  tanneries,  an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  agricultural  implements,  flour,  fertilizers,  bricks, 
Ac.  Its  corporate  name  is  South  Brooklyn ;  post-oflSce, 
Brooklyn.     Pop.  about  3500. 

Brooklyn,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Waynes- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Brooklyn  township,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Scran- 
ton,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  West- 
ern Railroad.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1128. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  uf  Lincoln  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
direct  S.W.  of  Canton. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  19  miles 
E.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Yellow  Creek,  0.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Brooklyn,  a  post- village  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  in  Brook- 
lyn township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1138. 

Brooklyn,  a  township  of  Green  Lake  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Green  Lake.     Pop.  1399. 

Brooklyn,  a  village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  2 
miles  from  Middleton.     Pop.  150. 

Brooklyn,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia,  2 
miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  250. 

Brooklyn,  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia.     See  Newpout. 

Brooklyn,  or  Her'ring  Cove,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  E.  side  of  Liverpool  harbor, 
^i  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  300. 

Brooklyn,  or  Mus'grave  Harbor,  a  village  on  the 
W.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from 
Indian  Arm.     It  has  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  203. 

Brooklyn  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co., 
Minn.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis,  and  near  Osseo 
Station  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway  Line. 

Brooklyn  Village,  a  former  village  of  Cuyahoga  co., 
O.,  a  suburb  of  Cleveland,  to  which  it  was  annexed  in  1894. 

Brook  Neal,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Staunton  River,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  ploughs,  and  tobacco. 

Brooko,  or  Bruko,  broo'ko,  a  territory  of  North- 
western Africa,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Senegambia. 


Brooks,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  529  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Withlacoochee  and  Little  Rivers, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Ocopilco  River,  which  joins  the 
Withlacoochee  River  about  6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Quitman, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  from  E. 
to  W.  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  A  Western  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1880,  11,727;  in  1890,  13,979. 

Brooks,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corning.     It  has  a  church. 

Brooks,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     P.  68. 

Brooks,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville A  Nashville  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Brooks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Brooks 
township,  on  the  Belfast  division  of  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  township  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  868. 

Brooks,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1180. 
It  includes  the  town  of  Newaygo. 

Brooks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has 
a  church. 

Brooks'burg,  a  hamlet  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  7  miles  above  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Brooks'  Crossing,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ron- 
dout. 

Brooks'  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

Brook'side,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Mendham  township,  4^  miles  W.  of  Morristown.  It  haa  a 
distillery,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Brookside,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mont 
Alto  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Chambersburg. 

Brookside,  a  village  and  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
is  the  present  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Lebanon  A  Tremont 
Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Tower  City.  Anthracite  coal  is 
mined  and  shipped  here. 

Brookside,  a  post-village  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  in  Pen- 
saukee  township,  near  Green  Bay,  4  miles  from  Pensaukee 
Village.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Brookside 
Station  (also  a  post-ofiice)  is  on  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oconto. 

Brooks'  Station,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  on 
the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Washington. 

Brooks'  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Savannah,  Griffin  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Griffin.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Brooks  Station,  a  post-office  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston,  Barre  A  Gardner  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Worcester. 

Brooks'ton,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Lafayette.  It  contains  the  Brooks- 
ton  Academy,  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  406. 

Brookston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vance  co.,  N.C.,  4  miles 
E.  from  Henderson  Railroad  Station. 

Brookston,  a  post-village  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  in  Howe 
township,  7  miles  S.E.  from  Sheffield  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  large  tannery  which  produces 
90,000  sides  of  sole-leather  in  a  year.     Pop.  about  400. 

Brookston,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Paris.  It  has  4  churches,  several  stores,  and 
an  academy.     Pop.  400. 

Brook's  Vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  oo.,  Conn., 
11  miles  N.  of  New  Haven. 

Brooks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Blountsville,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Cullman.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  cotton-gin,  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  1107. 

Brooksville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Hernando  oo.,  Fla., 
is  finely  located  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Florida 
Southern  Railway,  74  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ocala,  and  about 
25  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  11  churches,  a 
bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  512. 

Brooksville,  Georgia.     See  Brooks'  Station. 

Brooksville,  Kentucky.     See  Bhookvillb. 

Brooksville,  a  post- township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  ia 
a  peninsula  in  Penobscot  Bay,  22  miles  from  Bucksport. 
and  about  32  miles  S.  of  Bangor.  It  has  4  churches,  3 
grist-mills,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  1310. 

Brooksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.    in 


BRO 


720 


BKO 


New  Haven  township,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Middlebury.  It  has  a 
ehurch  and  a  manufactory  of  edge-tools. 

BrooksTille^  a  village  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Little  Kanawha  River,  28  miles  S.  of  Harrisville.     It  has 

1  or  2  churches. 

Brooks'war,  or  Brock'wear^  a  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  Gloucester,  on  the  Wye,  5  miles  N.  of  Chepstow. 

Brook'ton,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  2  churches,  a  yarn- 
and  hosiery-mill,  a  blanket-factory,  and  2  flour-mills. 
Pop.  500. 

Brook  Fale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear  Creek  oo.,  Ool.,  9 
miles  S.E.  from  Idaho  Springs,  and  11  miles  from  the  top 
of  Mount  Evans. 

Brook  Vale^  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y. 

Brook  Yailey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  5^ 
miles  N.  of  Boonton.     It  has  a  church. 

Brook  Village^  Nova  Scotia.    See  Shea's  River. 

Brook'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  in  Brook- 
ville  township,  7  miles  from  Polo,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Freeport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  746. 

Brookville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Whitewater  River,  at  the  confluence  of  its  E. 
and  W.  branches,  and  on  the  Whitewater  division  of  the 
"  Big  Four  Route,"  43  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Connersville.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  bank,  a  paper-mill,  2  machine-shops,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
newspaper  ofiices,  and  4  churches.  It  is  connected  with 
the  Ohio  River  by  the  now  disused  Whitewater  Canal. 
Pop.  2028 ;  of  the  township,  4270. 

Brookville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  from  Fairfield,  and  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Spring  Creek  township,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  133 
miles  W.  by  S.  from  Topeka,  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Junc- 
tion City.  It  has  a  round-house  for  the  railroad,  a  money- 
order  post-oflSce,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  345. 

Brookville,  or  Brooksville,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and 
8  miles  S.  of  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  oflBce,  Ac.     Pop.  330. 

Brookville,  or  Brookeville,  a  post- village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Md.,  20  miles  from  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
about  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  the  Brook- 
ville Academy,  3  churches,  2  mills,  2  carriage-shops,  Ac 
Pop.  200. 

Brookville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Holbrook  township,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile 
from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  5  churches,  2  steam 
mills,  and  broom-  and  wagon-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  424. 

Brookville,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from 
Syosset  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop, 
and  a  charitable  institution  called  the  Jones  Institute. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Olay  township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Union  and  Dayton  A 
Western  Railroads,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  4  stores,  a  carriage-factory,  and 

2  tobacco  warehouses.     Pop.  618. 

Brookville,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Red  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  104  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  6  churches.  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  also  2  foun- 
dries, 3  grist-mills,  3  planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  furniture-factories,  and  5  hotels.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2136  ;  in  1890,  2478. 

Brookville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Eau  Galle  River,  3  miles  from  Woodville  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  27  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Hudson.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  15  miles  from  Parrsborough.    P.  100. 

Brookville,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Beaver  River. 

Brookville,  Halton  co.,  Onterio.    See  Nassagaweya. 

Broom'all,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Mar- 
pie  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Bryn  Mawr.   It  has  a  church. 

Broome,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  York,  border- 
ing on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  685  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Chenango  and  Tioughnioga  Rivers  and  the 
main  branch  of  the  Delaware  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
iulating  or  hilly,  presents  several  broad  valleys,  and  is 


extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Oats^ 
butter,  cattle,  hay,  potatoes,  leather,  and  lumber  are  the 
chief  products  of  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  A  Western,  and  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  Western  Railroads,  which  connect  at  Bingbamp- 
ton,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  by  the  Delaware  A 
Hudson  Canal  Co.,  which  also  runs  through  the  capital. 
Devonian  sandstone  is  abundant  here.  Among  the  forest 
trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  beech,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and 
white  oak  and  other  oaks.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,103 ;  in  1880, 
49,483 ;  in  1890,  62,973. 

Broome  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Gilboa  township,  11  miles  N.E.  from  Moresville.  It  ha» 
2  churches. 

Broom'field,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  about 
60  miles  W.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  84. 

Broom  Hill,  a  station  in  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  14  mile» 
by  rail  N.  of  New  Albany. 

Broom sgrove,  England.    See  Bromsgrove. 

Broom'town,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rome,  Ga.     It  has  2  churches. 

Broons,  brow,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  CStes- 
du-Nord,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  2546. 

Broo'ten,apost-villageof  Stearnsco.,  Minn.,  104  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  45  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
St.  Cloud.     It  has  several  stores. 

Broqni^s,  bro^ke-i',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Aveyron,  22  miles  S.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  990. 

Bro'ra,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  after  a 
S.E.  course  through  several  lakes,  enters  the  Moray  Firth 
at  the  village  of  Brora,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Golspie. 

Broseley,  broz'le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on 
the  Severn,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Shrewsbury. 
Pop.  of  parish,  4639,  engaged  in  coal-  and  iron-mines,  in 
foundries,  in  potteries,  and  in  making  tobacco-pipes. 

Bros'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  S.  from 
West  Line  Railroad  Station. 

Bros'na,  Great  and  Little,  two  small  rivers  of  King's 
CO.,  Ireland,  tributary  to  the  Shannon. 

Bros'ville,  a  post- village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  tobacco- 
factories.     Pop.  about  350. 

Brotherfield,  bruTH'^r-feeld,  a  post-office  of  Turner 
CO.,  Dakota. 

Brother's  Valley,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1597,  exclusive  of  Berlin. 

Brotherton,  briiTH'§r-ton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  St.  Charles  City, 
and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  at  the  east  end  of  a  great 
railroad  bridge  which  connects  it  with  St.  Charles.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Brothertovrn,  briiTH'^r-town,  a  post-township  of 
Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Winnebago.  It  has  2  churches 
Pop.  1692. 

Brotterode,  brot-t?r-o'd§h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Prussian  Hesse,  7  miles  N.  of  Schmalkalden.     Pop.  2794. 

Brotzingen,  brot'zing-en,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  2  miles  W.  of  Pforzheim.     Pop.  3331. 

Brotz'manville,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J. 

Bron,  broo,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  on  the 
Ozanne,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  2338. 

Brouage,  broo^izh',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Charente- 
Inf^rieure,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochefort.     Pop.  601. 

Brough,  briif,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
7i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Appleby.  It  has  an  old  church,  an  en- 
dowed school,  a  branch  bank,  and  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1397. 

Brough,  briif,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa. 

Brougham,  bro5'am,  or  Bent'ley's  Cor'ners  a 
post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  from  Whitby, 
Pop.  300. 

Broughhead,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Burghhead. 

Broughshane,  br6h^shain',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Antrim,  3i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ballymena.     Pop.  738. 

Bronghton,  briiK'tpn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Peebles,  on  the  Tweed,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Peebles. 

Broughton,  bro'tgn,  or  St.  Pierre  de  Broughton, 
s&No  pe^aiu'  deh  broHftNo',  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co., 
Quebec,  54  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Broughton,  bro'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,. 
111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  McLeansborough.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Broughton,  a  township,  Livingston  co.,  111.  Pop.  823 

Brough'ton-in-Fur'ness,  a  town  of  England,  ««^ 


BRO 


721 


BRO 


of  Lancaster,  on  the  Duddon,  and  on  a  railway^  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Lancaster.     Pop.  1085. 

Broughton  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcin- 
tosh CO.,  Ga.     Pop.  71. 

Broughty  (braw'tee)  Ferry,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  P'orfar,  on  the  Firth  of  Tay,  opposite  Ferryport-on-Craig, 
to  which  a  steam  railway  ferry  plies.  It  is  handsome,  and 
greatly  resorted  to  as  a  bathing-place  by  the  inhabitants  of 
Dundee,  which  is  3  miles  distant.  Broughty  Castle,  on  its 
S.E.  side,  was  an  ancient  fortress.     Pop.  5817. 

Brousa,  or  Broussa.    See  Brusa. 

Broiiwershaven,  brSw'^ers-hiV^n,  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  on  the  N.W.  coa*t  of  the 
Island  of  Schouwen,  near  the  sea.     Pop.  1803. 

Brow'er,  a  post-oflSce  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  at  Union ville. 

Browsers,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  781. 

Brow'er's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
17  miles  E.  of  Ashborough.     It  has  a  flour-  and  a  saw-mill. 

BroAVn,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  La  Moin  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodland ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
com,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Its  S.  portion  is  watered 
by  McKee's  Creek.  Capital,  Mount  Sterling.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,205;  in  1880,  13,041;  in  1890,  11,951. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  330  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Bean  Blos- 
som and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Nashville,  situated  about  equal  distance  (20  miles)  N.  by 
W.  and  N.  by  E.  respectively  from  Columbus  and  Bloom- 
ington  cities,  the  nearest  railroad  stations.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8681;  in  1380,  10,264;  in  1890,  10,308. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Dela- 
ware and  Wolf  Rivers  and  Walnut  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products 
of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  ife 
Denver  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Hiawatha.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6823;  in  1875,  8928;  in  1880,  12,817;  in  1890,  20,319. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  about  685  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Cot- 
tonwood River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies, 
small  lakes,  and  woodlands;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  New  Ulm,  the  capital,  and  crosses  the 
county  from  E.  to  W.  Pop.  in  1870,  6396;  in  1880, 
12,018;  in  1890,  15,817. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  S.S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
a  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
i*,he  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  Little 
Miami  River  and  by  White  Oak  Creek.  The  surface  is 
mostly  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  buckeye,  hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  butter,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  abundant  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati,  George- 
town <fc  Portsmouth  Railroad,  which  terminates  at  George- 
town, the  capital,  and  by  the  Ohio  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Pop.  in  1870,  .30,802;  in  1880,  32,911;  in  1890, 
29,899. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Pecan 
River.  A  range  called  the  Comanche  Mountains  extends 
along  the  N.E.  border.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage, 
and  many  cattle  are  reared  here.  Capital,  Brownwood. 
Pop.  in  1870,  544;  in  1880,  8414;  in  1890.  11,359. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Green  Bay  (of  Lake  Michigan),  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Neenah  or  Fox  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Duck 
and  Suamico  Rivers.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered 
with  dense  forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  oats,  Ac. 
Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad  and  the 
Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Green  Bay. 
Pop.  in  1870,  25,168;  in  1880,  34,078;  in  1890,  39,164. 

Brown,  a  station  in  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Dawson. 


m 


Brown,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1233. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1048. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2126.     It  includes  Brown's  Valley  and  Waveland. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1673. 
It  includes  Mooresville. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2234. 
It  contains  Cross  Plains. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1521. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1327. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  526. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  2022.  It 
includes  Malvern  and  Minerva. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1239.  It 
contains  Dallas. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  1108. 
(Post-office,  Leonardsburg.) 

Brown,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  819.  It 
contains  Brownson's. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  1242.  It 
contains  Brownsville. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  1639.  It 
contains  Fletcher  and  Lena. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  1140. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1297. 

Brown  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

Brown  City,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Sanilac 
CO.,  Mich.,  37  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,'and  2  banks.     Pop.  600. 

Brown  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Brown  Deer,  a  station  in  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 

Brown'field,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Saco  River,  in  Brownfield  township,  and  on  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber,  i^ooden-ware,  <fco.  The  township 
has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1323. 

Brownfield,  a  coke  and  coal  village  of  Fayette  co.. 
Pa.,  the  head-quarters  of  the  Redstone  Coke  Co.,  3  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Uniontown.     Pop.  about  900. 

Brown  Hamp'ton,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ky., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Owensborough.    It  has  2  churches. 

Brown'helm,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in 
Brownhelm  township,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  stone-quarry.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.     Total  pop.  1461. 

Brown  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Rockdale  township,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Meadville. 
It  has  a  church. 

Brown'ing,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  III.,  in 
Browning  township,  on  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  St, 
Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Beards- 
town,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  mill.     Pop.  214;  of  the  township,  2139. 

Browning,  a  post-town  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Linneus.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  several 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  410. 

Browning's  Mill,  a  village  in  Exeter  and  Richmond 
townships,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  3i  miles  from  Wood  River 
Station.     It  has  a  yarn-mill.     Pop.  60. 

Brown'ingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  18  miles  direct  N.  of  Rockville.     It  has  a  church. 

Brown'iugton,  a  post-town  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Osceola.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour  and  brick,  and  an  abundance  of  coal  and 
fire-clay.     Pop.  329. 

Brownington,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  2  miles  from  Barton  Landing,  and  about  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Irasburg.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  lum- 
ber-mill, Ac.     Pop.  901. 

Brown'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherry  co..  Neb.,  43  miles 
direct  S.  of  Valentine. 

Brown's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Selma.  It  has 
a  church. 

Brown's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co..  111.,  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  4  miles  E.  of  Albion.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  canning-factory. 

Brown's,  a  station  and  village  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  cheese-fao- 
tory.     (Post-office,  Sawyer.) 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Carson  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Washoe  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia A  Truckee  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Reno 


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722 


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Brown's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Steubenville. 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  & 
NYestern  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Brown's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  from  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Brown's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  in  Econ- 
omy township,  4  miles  E.  from  Baden  Station. 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Catawissa 
Junction. 

Brown's  Bluff,  a  hamlet  of  Gregg  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles 
from  Longview,  near  the  Sabine  River. 

Brownsborough,  brownz'bur-ruh,  a  post- village  of 
Madison  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brownsborough,  a  post-village  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  wagon- 
shops,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  250. 

Brownsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ore- 
gon, 100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Roseburg,  has  a  store.     Pop.  30. 

Brownsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  4  miles  S.E,  of  Limestone  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

BroAVnsborough,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

Brown's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga. 

Browns'burg,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  and 
on  White  Lick  Creek,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  flouring-  and  a  saw-mill,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  623. 

Brownsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  S.  from  Windom.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Brownsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  13  miles  above  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Brownsburg,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
2  stores,  Ac,     Pop.  about  250. 

Brown's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  RosEHOirr. 

Brown's  Corners,  post-office,  Huntingdon  oo.,  Ind. 

Brown's  Corners,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  Ltkens. 

Brown's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Brown's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  northeastward 
through  Anson  co.,  and  enters  the  Yadkin  River  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Wadesborough. 

Brown's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Ala., 
7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Double  Springs,  the  capital  of  the 
county. 

Brown's  Creek,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  368. 

Brown's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  oo.,  Miss., 
about  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Booneville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  few  stores,  Ac. 

Brown's  Creek,  former  name  of  Mount  Clare,  W.Va. 

Brown's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co., 
Oa.,  9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Milledgeville,  the  capital  of  the 
county. 

Brown's  Cross  Roads,  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  the  capital  of  tho  county. 

Browns'dale,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Red  Rock  township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
104  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
a  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  8  stores,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Brownsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa,,  in  Penn 
township,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Butler.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brown'sea  (or  Brank'sea)  Island,  in  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  li  miles  S.  of  Poole,  at  the  E.  end  of  Poole 
Harbor.     Pop.  151. 

Brown's  Hill,  a  station  in  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Port  Royal  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Brown's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.Va., 
9  miles  N.  from  Wilsonburg  Station. 

Brown's  Mills,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  about  13  miles  B. 
of  Mount  Holly,  and  39  miles  by  rail  from  Camden.  It 
has  a  church,  grist-  and  lumber-mills,  and  boarding-houses. 

Brown's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Marietta,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  some  stores  and  general  business  houses. 

Brown's  Mills,  Franklin  Co.,  Pa.     See  Kacffman. 

Brown's  Mills,  Mifflin  co..  Pa.     See  Reedsville. 

Brown'son,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W,  of  Sidney. 

Brownson's,  a  station  and  village  in  Brown  town- 
«hip,  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 


Brown's  Point,  a  former  village  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  now  a  part  of  Keyport. 
Browns'port,  formerly  Brow^nsport  Furnace,  a 

decayed  village  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee 
River,  45  miles  S.  of  Johnsonville,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Perry- 
ville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  no  business  at  present. 

Brown's  Station,  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  is  near 
the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Montgomery  <fe  West  Point 
Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Brown's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  <fc  Dakota  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of 
Sabula. 

Brown's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Columbia  Branch  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Brown's  Station,  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the 
Mt.  Holly,  Lumberton  &  Medford  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  nf 
Lumberton. 

Brown's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 

Brown's  Station,  in  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of  Weldon. 

Brown's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Brown's  Store,  a  post-hamlef  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Va.,  about  5  miles  S.S.E.  from  Heathsville. 

Brown's  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co., 
N.C,  is  a  station  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  of  Greensborough. 

Browns'tow^n,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  76  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St,  Louis.  It  was  formerly  called  Cumberland, 
It  has  2  churches. 

Brow^nstown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Ind.,  in  Brownstown  township,  1  mile  S.E.  of  the  Drift- 
wood or  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  98  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati,  0., 
and  about  46  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  canning-factory,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  &o.  Pop.  1422; 
of  the  township,  3306. 

Brownstow^n,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Pop 
2490.     It  contains  Flat  Rock, 

BroAvnstown,  township,  Davidson  co.,  N,C.    Pop.  987. 

Brownstown,  a  hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Hillsborough. 

Brownstown,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  West 
Earl  township,  2^  miles  from  Akron  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Brownstown,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  is  at  the  head  of  low-water  navi- 
gation on  the  Great  Kanawha,  68  miles  from  its  mouth 
It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Brown's  Valley,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of 
Yuba  CO.,  Cal.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.    It  has  a  church 

Brown's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ind.,  41  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Terre  Haute. 

Brown's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Traverse  co., 
Minn.,  47  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Morris.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  500. 

BroAvns'ville,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Brownsville,  a  locality  in  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  27  mile* 
E.  of  Little  Rock.  Here  a  smart  action  took  place,  August 
25,  1863,  between  the  Confederate  and  Union  forces. 

Brownsville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal., 
25  miles  N.E.  from  Marysville.     Pop.  350. 

Brownsville,  a  mining  camp  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col., 
10  miles  S.  of  Georgetown.  Altitude,  about  10,000  feet  above 
the  sea-level.     Near  it  are  several  rich  silver-mines. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Brownsville,  a  station  of  White  co.,  IlL,  on  the  Cairo 
&  Vincennes  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Carmi. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brownsville  township,  on  the  east  branch  of  the  White- 
water River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianap- 
olis Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton,  0,  It  has  8 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ao. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  900. 

Brownsville,  a  village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  Littl* 
Cedar  River,  10  miles  N.E.  from  Osage.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  general  store,  and  a  hotel, 

Brownsville,  a  post- village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Sedan,  and  4  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hale 
Station,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  several 
stores,  &c. 

BroAvnsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Edmondson  co.. 


BRi) 


723 


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Ky.,  on  Green  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Kolin  Creek,  12  miles 
from  the  Mammoth  Cave,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bowl- 
ing (Ireen.  It  has  a  church  and  the  Green  River  Academy. 
Coal  is  found  here. 

llrownsville,  a  post-haralet  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  County  Branch  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Hagerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cal- 
vin township,  at  the  outlet  of  Diamond  Lake,  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Cassopolis,  and  165  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit,  It  has  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Brownsville,  or  Brownville,  Lenawee  oo.,  Mich., 
is  now  a  part  of  the  village  of  Tecumseh. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Brownsville  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago.  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  La 
Crosse,  Wis.,  and  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winona.  It  has 
several  warehouses  for  grain,  which  is  shipped  here,  also  a 
graded  school,  5  churches,  2  breweries,  2  flour-mills,  and  2 
iaw-mills.     Pop.  805. 

Brownsville,  a  village  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  20  miles 
N.W,  of  Jackson.    It  has  2  churches. 

Brownsville,  Saline  co.,  Mo.     See  Sweet  Springs. 

Brownsville,  Nebraska.     See  Brownville. 

Brownsville,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about  5 
miles  from  Wurtsborough  Railroad  Station. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Oxford,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Brownsville  (Maple  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Brown 
CO.,  0.,  20  miles  S.E.  from  Batavia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brownsville,  a  village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Brown 
township,  7  miles  S.  of  Loudon ville.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Here  is  Jelloway  Post-Office. 

Brownsville,  a  post-viUage  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in 
Bowling  Green  township,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Columbus, 
and  15  miles  W.  of  Zanesville.    It  has  3  churches.   P.  384. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Ben- 
ton township,  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  high 
school.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Jolly.     Pop.  120. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Calapooya  River,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  money-order  post-office,  4  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
sash,  Ac.     A  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Brownsville,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  30  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  about  16  miles  W.  of  Connells- 
ville.  A  fine  bridge  across  the  river  connects  it  with  West 
Brownsville.  Brownsville  is  at  the  mouth  of  Dunlap's 
Creek,  which  separates  it  from  the  borough  of  Bridgeport. 
It  has  manufactures  of  window-glass,  iron,  steam-engines, 
machinery,  &e.,  3  national  banks,  5  churches,  and  several 
flouring-mills.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  pulDlished"  here. 
Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  place  and  Pittsburg. 
Coal  is  mined  in  this  borough.  Pop.  in  1890,  1417 ;  of  the 
township,  additional,  252. 

Brownsville,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.     See  Sandt  Lake. 

Brownsville,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Shenandoah. 

Brownsville,  a  post-township  of  Marlborough  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Pedee  River,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Colum- 
bia.   It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1597. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Haywood  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  56  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  28  miles  W.  of  Jackson.  It  is 
nearly  6  miles  N.  of  the  Hatchie  River,  which  is  navigable, 
and  it  is  a  shipping-point  for  cotton,  of  which  20,000  bales 
are  shipped  here  annually.  It  has  7  churches,  a  female 
college  (Baptist),  a  Methodist  female  institute,  2  banks,  a 
military  school,  a  cotton-compress,  3  cotton-ginning-mills, 
a  cannery,  a  roller  flour-mill,  a  free  school,  and  a  hotel. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  (1890)  2516. 

Brownsville,  a  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Cameron 
CO.,  Tex.,  is  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  35 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  300 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Galveston,  opposite  the  Mexican  town  of 
Matamoras.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  trade 
and  the  steamboat  navigation  on  the  river.  The  Rio  Grande 
Railroad  connects  it  with  Point  Isabel,  22  miles  distant. 
It  contains  a  custom-house,  a  college,  a  convent,  2  churches, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers.  Brownsville  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  vicar- 
apostolic.  Here  was  the  site  of  Fort  Brown,  which  the 
Mexicans  attacked  without  success  in  May,  1846.  Pop.  in 
1880,4938;  in  1890,6134. 
Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 


West  Windsor  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Windsor  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Juneau.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  from  Ingersoll.     Pop.  100. 

Brownsville,  York  co.,  Ontario.     See  Schohbbrg. 

Brown's  Wells,  a  watering-place  of  Copiah  co..  Miss., 
5  miles  from  Martinsville.  Its  springs  are  said  to  have 
curative  properties. 

Brown'ton,  a  post-town  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  61 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  5  churches,  a  roller 
flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  public  graded  schools. 
Pop.  450. 

Brown'town,  a  hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Wyalusing  Ilailroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Browntown,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  about 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Front  Royal.  It  has  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  400. 

Brown'ville,  a  village  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.  See  Phcenix 
City. 

Brownville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
a  flour-  and  feed-mill,  and  a  creamery. 

Brownville,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in 
Brownville  township,  on  Pleasant  River,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sebeo,  and  about  42  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  slate  and  lumber.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1074. 

Brownville,  or  Brownsville,  a  pleasant  post-town 
of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Nebraska  City,  and  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lin- 
coin,  with  which  it  is  also  connected  by  railroad.  By  water 
it  is  nearly  120  miles  below  Omaha.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  mills  or 
factories.  Brownville  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Nebraska. 
Pop.  in  1890,  980. 

Brownville,  or  Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  5  paper-mills,  6  wood-pulp-mills.  Pop. 
666;  of  the  township,  3110.  The  township  borders  on 
Lake  Ontario. 

Brown'wood,  a  thriving  city,  the  capital  of  Brown 
CO.,  Tex.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  2  railroads,  71  miles 
N.W.  of  Lampasas,  and  140  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  6  churches,  3  national  banks,  manufactures  of  grain 
products,  iron-cornices,  saddlery,  harness,  ice,  Ac.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Presbyterian  and  a 
Baptist  college.     Pop.  in  1880,  725  ;  in  1890,  2146. 

Brox'burn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Linlithgowshire, 
on  a  railway,  12  miles  W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1457. 

Broylesville,  broilz'vil,  a  village  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  2  miles  from  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Brozas,  bro'this,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Caceres.     It  has  an  old  castle.     Pop.  5560. 

Brozzi,  brot'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.  of  Flor- 
ence, on  the  Arno,  with  straw-hat  works.     Pop.  8830. 

Bru'ar,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  joins 
the  Garry  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Blair-Athol. 

Bruay,brii^i',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
3  miles  from  Valenciennes.     Pop.  3870. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  III.  Pop.  1921.  It 
ncludes  Streator. 

Bruce,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Sullivan 
Junction. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  Benton  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  651. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  Macomb' co.,  Mich.     Pop.  204d. 

Bruce,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Marquette  to  Ishpeming,  5  miles  W.  of  Marquette. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1034. 

Bruce,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bruce,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Huron.  Area,  1638  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Saugeen  River,  and  traversed  by  two  railways.  Capital, 
Walkerton.     Pop.  48,515. 

Bruce'field,  a  post-viUage  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Seaforth.     Pop.  250. 

Bruce  Mines,  a  post- village  in  the  district  of  Algoma, 
Ontario,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  opposite  the  island 
of  St.  Joseph,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.     It  co» 
tains  2  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  500. 


BJRU 


724 


BRU 


Brnce's,  a  station  in  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Knozville 
A  Charleston  Railroad,  near  Knoxville. 

Brace's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontonagon  co., 
Mich.,  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lake  Gogebic,  and  25  miles  direct 
S.  by  E.  of  Ontonagon,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Bruce's  liake,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Winamac. 

Bruce'ton  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.Va., 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Morgantown.     Pop.  100. 

Bruce'town,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  1 
mile  from  Wadesville  Station  on  the  railroad  between 
Harper's  Ferry  and  Winchester,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Winchester.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
woollen  goods,  and  carpets.     Pop.  250. 

Bruce'ville,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Vin- 
cennes.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Bruceville,  a  station  and  village  in  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Frederick  <fc  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Taneytown,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Western  Mary- 
land Railroad,  49  miles  from  Baltimore.  Here  the  Big 
Pipe  Creek  is  spanned  by  a  fine  iron  bridge.  The  village 
has  manufactures  of  phosphates  and  agricultural  tools. 
Nearest  post-ofl5ce,  York  Road. 

Bruceville,  a  hamlet  of  Rosendale  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  N.E.  of  High  Falls.  It  has  a  cement-mill 
and  Beveral  kilns.     Pop.  about  60. 

Bruceville,  a  post-town  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  3  churches,  2  high 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce,     Pop.  300. 

Brnchsal,  brooK'sfl,!,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  on  the  Salzbach,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  It  has  a  fine  palace,  a  gymnasium,  a 
hospital,  and  barracks.     Pop.  9762. 

Bruck,  a  village  of  Scotland,     See  Brugg. 

Bruck,  briik,  or  broSk,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Leytha,  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  4203. 

Bruck,  a  small  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Mur  and  the  MUrz,  and  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  2444. 

Briick,  briik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  17  miles  S.E,  of  Bran- 
denburg.    Pop.  1377. 

Bruck,  broSk,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Erlangen,  on  the  Regnitz.  Pop.  1205.  There  are  numerous 
villages  of  this  name  in  the  different  states  of  Germany. 

Briickenau,  briik'k§n-5w^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Sinn,  36  miles  N.  of  Wiirzburg,  with  a  royal  castle,  and  2 
paper-mills.  Pop.  1669.  About  2  miles  distant,  in  the 
Sinn  Valley,  are  the  baths  of  Briickenau. 

Brucomagus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Brithath, 

Briiel,  brii'51,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  2012. 

Bruellet's,  a  township  of  Edgar  oo.,  Ill,     Pop.  1086, 

Bruff,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  and  14^  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Limerick.     Pop.  1687. 

Brugelette,  brii^zheh-15tt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  on  the  Dender,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Mons,  Here 
are  a  Jesuit  college  and  a  great  orphanage.     Pop.  1627. 

Bruges,  bru'jiz  (Fr.  pron.  briizh;  Dutch,  Brugge, 
briig'gh§h,  or  Bruggen,  briig'gh^n,  i.e.,  "bridges;"  Ger, 
Brugge,  briig'gh§h  ;  L.  Brn'gie),  a  city  of  Belgium,  capital 
of  the  province  of  West  Flanders,  at  the  junction  of  sev- 
eral railways  and  of  numerous  large  canals,  55  miles  N.W. 
of  Brussels.  Lat.  51°  12'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  13'  44"  E. 
Bruges  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  defended  by  an  old  cit- 
adel; it  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  commercial  cities 
in  the  kingdom.  It  owes  its  name  to  the  number  of  bridges 
(upwards  of  50)  which  cross  its  canals,  and  is  remarkable 
for  the  many  fine  Gothic  buildings  which  it  contains,  richly 
decorated  with  sculpture  and  paintings ;  among  which  are 
the  church  of  Notre  Dame,  with  the  tomb  of  Charles  the 
Bold,  the  cathedral  of  St.  Sauveur,  the  palace  of  justice,  the 
Halle,  with  a  Gothic  belfry  and  the  finest  chimes  in  Europe, 
the  hospital  of  St.  John,  and  the  H6tel  de  Ville.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  an  athe- 
naBum,  college,  theological  seminary,  academy  of  painting 
and  sculpture,  a  public  library,  schools  for  blind,  deaf,  and 
dumb,  an  exchange,  Ac.  Bruges  has  manufactures  of  lace 
(which  is  celebrated),  linen,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics, 
cordage,  tobacco,  and  soap ;  also  numerous  distilleries, 
breweries,  tanneries,  dye-works,  sugar-  and  salt-refineries, 
and  ship-building  yards.  Through  the  canals,  it  has  direct 
intercourse  with  several  ports  in  Europe. 

In  837,  Bruges  was  fortified  by  Count  Baldwin  of  the 
Iron  Arm;  and  it  was  first  walled  in  1053.  Early  in  the 
fourteenth  century  the  city  had  waxed  rich  and  powerful,  and 
in  the  Hanse  League  it  took  the  leading  rank  as  the  central 


mart  of  Middle  Northern  Europe.  Under  the  house  ol 
Burgundy,  Bruges  still  increased  in  riches  and  power.  In 
1430,  Philip  the  Good  here  instituted  the  order  of  the  Golden 
Fleece.  Unhappily,  the  pride  and  turbulence  of  the  citizens 
grew  nearly  commensurate  with  their  prosperity.  In  1488, 
they  rose  in  rebellion  against  Duke  Maximilian,  and  laid 
hands  on  his  person.  The  severe  measures  of  repression 
which  ensued  gave  the  first  blow  to  the  city's  prosperity, 
from  which  time  it  declined ;  and  its  ruin  was  afterwards 
nearly  completed  by  the  Duke  of  Alva  and  Philip  II.  Its 
population  once  exceeded  200,000.     Pop.  in  1891,47,672. 

Bruges,  briizh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6n^es, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1671. 

Brugg,  br66G,  or  Bruck,  br5ok,  a  village  of  Switzer 
land,  canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Aarau,  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  defended  by 
conical  towers,  and  stands  on  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Vindoniaaa,  remains  of  which  are  traceable.  Near 
it  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Hapsburg.     Pop.  1338. 

Brugge,  or  Bruggen.    See  Bruges. 

Bruggen,  broSg'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  St.  Gall. 

Bruggen,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Kempen.     Pop.  1398. 

Brugh's  (bruz)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Brugia  and  Bruges,  ancient  names  of  Buidgenorth. 

Brugnato,  broon-yi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Levanto,  on  the  Vara.     Pop.  808. 

Brugui^re,  La.    See  Labrugui^re. 

Briihl,  brUl,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  8  miles  S.S.W.  ' 
of  Cologne,  on  the  railway  to  Bonn.     Pop.  2993. 

Briihl,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  , 
Vienna.     Pop.  1383. 

Bru'in,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ind. 

Bruin,  a  station  in  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  at  the  crossing  of 
the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad 
and  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Railroad,  19 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Montezuma. 

Bruin,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Bruin,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Parker  town- 
ship, on  the  Parker  &  Karns  City  Railroad,  6  miles  from 
Parker.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  soap-factory. 
Petroleum  is  found  near.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1710. 

Bruin,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co,,  Tex. 

Brn'ington,  a  post-office  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va, 

Bru'insburg,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Claiborne  oo.^ 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Bruko,  a  territory  of  Africa.     See  Brooeo. 

Brul6,  brooM4',  a  station  in  Keith  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  South  Platte  River,  9  miles 
W,  of  Ogalalla. 

BruI6,  a  post-village  of  Union  oo,,  S,D,,  8  miles  direct 
N.  by  E.  of  Elk  Point. 

Brul6  Harbor,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Point  Brule. 

Brill  on,  briiMdN"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  La  FISche.     Pop.  1629. 

Bru'ly  (or  Brusly)  Landing,  a  post-village  of  West 
Baton  Rouge  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  130 
miles  above  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  church.     P.  about  150. 

Brumath,  broo^m&t',  or  Brumpt,  bfoompt  (ano. 
Brucom'agiiB  f  or  Brocom' ague  ?)  a  town  of  Alsace,  on  the 
Zorn,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  5619. 

Brum'field  Station,  a  post-office  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky., 
17  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Brum'fieldTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Amity  township,  about  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Brum'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jefiferson  City.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Brumnien,  brQm'm^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  on  the  Yssel,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Arnhem. 
Pop.  6337. 

Brum'mett's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  oo., 
Ky.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Williamsburg. 

Brumow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Braunau. 

Brun'didge,  a  post-town  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  • 
cotton-gin-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Brundisinm,  or  Brnndusium.    See  Brindisi. 

Brun6,  broo-n&',  Bruni,  or  Brunai,  broo-ni',  an 
island  in  the  colony  of  Tasmania,  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  D'Entrecasteaux  Bay.  It  is  32  miles  long,  narrow, 
and  of  exceedingly  various  outline.  Area,  140  square  miles. 
Lat.  43°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  30'  E. 

Bruneau,  broo^no',  a  small  river  of  Idaho,  runs  nearly 
northward  in  Owyhee  co.,  and  enters  the  Snake  River  neat 
lat.  43°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  W. 


1 


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Bruiieau  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 
Brnneck  (broo'nfik'),  or  Brunecken,  broo-n4k'?n 
(Ital.  Jirunecco,  broo-nfik'ko),  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
about  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Innspruok.     Pop.  1878. 
Bruuer,   Calhoun  co.,  Ala.    See  Sulphur  Springs. 
Bru'nersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  2 
miles  W.  of  Defiance.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Brunei,  brii^ni',  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  Fortune 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Miquelon.  It  has  a 
light-house.     Pop.  80. 

Brani,  a  country  in  the  island  of  Borneo.    See  Borneo. 
Bruniquel,  brii^nee^kftl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  41  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1634. 

Briinn,  briinn  (Slavic,  Brno,  i.e.,  "ford"),  a  fortified 
city  of  Austria,  capital  of  Moravia,  on  a  declivity  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Schwarza  and  the  Zwittau,  70  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Vienna,  and  116  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.  It  is 
the  terminus  of  several  railways.  Lat.  49°  11'  39"  N. ; 
Ion.  16°  36'  54"  E.  The  city  is  separated  by  its  boulevards 
and  cultivated  grounds  from  several  suburbs,  and  was  for- 
merly defended  by  the  citadel  of  Spielberg,  afterwards  a 
prison,  in  which  Silvio  Pellico  was  confined.  Streets  nar- 
row and  crooked,  but  well  paved  and  lighted.  Briinn  has 
numerous  fine  buildings,  including  the  cathedral,  St.  Jacob's 
and  other  churches,  the  landhaus,  the  barracks  (a  vast  pile, 
formerly  a  Jesuits'  college),  the  city  hall,  theatre,  and  pal- 
aces. Briinn  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop.  It  has  philosophical, 
theological,  diocesan,  and  normal  schools,  a  gymnasium,  and 
a  great  number  of  educational  and  charitable  establish- 
ments. Its  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  are  extensive. 
Cotton  goods,  silk,  glass,  soap,  tobacco,  and  machinery  are 
also  manufactured ;  and  its  tanneries  and  leather-factories 
are  important.  The  city  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  be- 
tween Bohemia  and  Austria  and  the  countries  N.  and  E,  of 
the  Carpathian  Mountains.  Briinn  is  an  ancient  town ;  its 
citadel  was  blockaded  by  the  Hungarians  in  947,  and  the 
town  itself  was  besieged  by  the  Swedes  in  1645,  and  by  the 
■&|ssians  in  1742.  Pop.  in  1880,  82,660;  in  1890,  95,342. 
^HBrunn-ain>Gebirge,  brd5n-&m-ga-beeR'Gh9h,  a 
iRra  of  Austria,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  2070. 
Brunnen,  brSSn'nen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Schwytz,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Muotta,  in  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  Here  the  deputies  of  the 
three  original  cantons,  Uri,  Schwytz,  and  Unterwalden,  laid 
the  basis  of  the  Republic,  December  9,  1315. 

Brunnens,  The  (Ger.  Die  Brunnen,  dee  broSn'n^n, 
I.e.,  "the  springs"),  is  the  name  applied  to  the  watering- 
places  of  Germany,  Ac,  collectively. 

Brun'nerville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Warwick  township,  2J  miles  from  Litiz  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  27  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  an 
iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines. 
Bru'no,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  294. 
Brunot,  bru'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Des  Arc  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Copper  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Brunsbiittel,  brSons'biit-t^l,  a  maritime  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Holstein,  on  the  Elbe,  near  its  mouth,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Gliiekstadt.     Pop.  1086. 

Brunshausen,  br56n8-h5w'z§n,  a  village  of  Hanover, 
on  the  Elbe,  15i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stade.     Pop.  234. 

Brnn'son,  or  Bron'son,  a  post-village  of  Hampton 
00.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Port  Royal.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Brunstatt,  broon'stit^  or  briin^stit',  a  village  of  Alsace, 
3  miles  S.  of  Miilhausen.     Pop.  2362. 

Bruns'wick(Ger.  Braunachweig,hT^-<irD.'s\a.y!ig',  L.Bru- 
nop'olia),  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  the 
same  name,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Hanover. 
Lat.  52°  16'  11"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  31'  29"  E.  It  is  of  somewhat 
antiquated  appearance,  many  of  the  houses  being  of  wood 
and  from  300  to  400  years  old.  The  city  was  formerly  for- 
tified, but  the  ramparts  have  been  levelled,  planted  with 
trees,  and  converted  into  promenades.  The  principal  pub- 
lic buildings  are  the  palace,  the  ancient  cathedral,  the 
mansion-house,  the  house  of  the  legislative  assembly,  the 
mint,  arsenal,  opera-house,  town  hall,  trades'  hall,  and 
others.  Besides  these  there  are  public  statues,  monuments, 
and  other  objects  of  interest.  The  museum  possesses  an  ex- 
cellent gallery  of  paintings,  comprising  many  works  of  the 
greatest  masters,  and  a  good  collection  of  classical  antiquities 
and  works  of  art.  The  city  contains  10  churches,  including 
the  cathedral.  The  educational  institutions  are  the  college, 
gymnasia,  a  seminary  for  teachers,  a  college  of  anatomy  and 
surgery,  a  reahchule,  and  several  other  schools.  Among 
the   charitable    institutions,  which   are  numerous,   are  a 


general  and  a  lying-in  hospital,  a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum, 
and  an  orphan  asylum.  'The  principal  manufactures  of 
Brunswick  are  of  linen,  woollen,  hardware,  tobacco,  chem- 
icals, mineral  colors,  gloves,  beer,  china,  papier-mach^, 
leather,  &c.     Pop.  in  1875,  65,938;  in  1890,  101,047. 

Brunswick,  Duchy  op  (Ger.  Herzogthum  Braun- 
schiceig,  h5Rt's6g-toom^  brSwn'shwig),  a  duchy  of  Germany, 
forming  an  integral  part  of  the  empire.  It  consists  of  three 
larger  and  six  or  seven  smaller  divisions,  detached  from  one 
another  and  surrounded  by  foreign  possessions.  The  principal 
division,  containing  Brunswick,  the  capital,  is  of  a  compact 
and  oval  form,  with  the  exception  of  a  narrow  strip  towards 
the  N.E.  On  the  N.,  W.,  and  S.W,  it  is  surrounded  by 
Hanover,  and  on  the  S.  and  E.  by  Prussian  Saxony.  The 
second  larger  division  is  a  long  irregular  belt,  stretching 
from  E.  to  W.  across  South  Hanover,  which  of  course  forms 
its  N.  and  S.  boundaries,  while  on  the  E.  it  is  bounded  by 
Prussian  Saxonj'  and  on  the  W.  by  Rhenish  Prussia,  Han- 
over, and  Waldeck.  To  the  S.E.  of  this  division  lies  the 
third,  also  irregular  in  shape,  traversed  by  the  Harz  Moun- 
tains, and  surrounded  by  territories  almost  entirely  Prus- 
sian. Of  the  smaller  divisions,  Thedinghausen,  Bodenberg, 
Haringen,  Oelsburg,  Kalvorde,  and  a  patch  of  land  near 
the  village  of  Seinsfeld,  are  within  Prussian  territory.  The 
united  area  is  1425  English  square  miles,  exclusive  of 
mediatized  possessions  in  other  states. 

The  surface  is  generally  hilly.  Brunswick  proper  has  a 
considerable  extent  of  level  land.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Ocker,  Leine,  and  Weser.  The  principal  mineral  products 
are  gold,  silver,  antimony,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  sulphur,  vitriol, 
alum,  coal,  marble,  alabaster,  limestone,  gypsum,  potters' 
clay,  asbestos,  agate,  jasper,  and  salt.  In  the  Harz  Moun- 
tains asphalt  and  other  bituminous  substances  are  found. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  of  iron,  linen,  and  camlets; 
dyeing,  spinning,  and  brewing  are  also  carried  on  to  a 
considerable  extent ;  and  oil-  and  saw-mills  are  numerous. 
The  industrial  resources  of  the  country  are  carefully  and 
judiciously  cultivated  by  the  government.  The  constitu- 
tion of  Brunswick  is  a  limited  monarchy.  The  legislature 
is  composed  of  the  duke  and  a  representative  assembly. 
The  legislature  must  assemble  at  least  once  every  three 
years,  for  which  period  the  taxes  are  voted.  The  public 
debt  is  moderate,  and  the  duke  is  one  of  the  wealthiest 
princes  of  Europe.  The  people  are  nearly  all  Protestants, 
and  commonly  speak  Low  German  dialects.  Capital,  Bruns- 
wick.    Pop.  in  1875,  327,493 ;  in  1890,  403,773. 

Brunswick,  brilnz'wik,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  895  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  E. 
by  Cape  Fear  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  occu- 
pied with  swamps;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  com,  rice, 
pine  lumber,  tar,  and  rosin  are  the  chief  products  of  the 
county,  which  is  intersected  in  its  N.  part  by  the  Wil- 
mington, Columbia  <fc  Augusta,  and  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroads.  Capital,  Southport.  Pop.  in  1870,  7754;  in 
1880,  9389;  in  1890,  10,900. 

Brunswick,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Meherrin  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Nottoway  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Tobacco,  Indian  com, 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Atlantic  A  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Lawrenceville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,427;  in  1880,  16,707;  in  1890,  17,245. 

Brunswick,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  on  St.  Simon's  Sound,  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  12  miles  from  the  bar  and  about  60  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  2  trunk 
railroad  lines,  and  is  connected  by  coastwise  steamers  with 
ports  N.  and  S.  Brunswick  has  8  churches  for  white,  and 
about  as  many  for  colored  people,  2  national  and  3  state 
banks,  a  brewery,  cotton-  and  ice-factories,  oyster-  and  veg- 
etable-canneries, 2  large  cotton-compresses,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  annual  shipments  of  cotton  which  aggregate 
from  150,000  to  200,000  bales.  Lines  of  passenger  cars 
traverse  its  streets.  Pop.  in  1880,  2891 ;  in  1890,  by  United 
States  census,  8459,  by  local  census,  10,280. 

Brunswick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  a  church, 

Brunswick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Han- 
over township,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Crown  Point. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  in  Brunswick  township, 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Andros- 
coggin River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  29  miles  N.E.  of 
Portland,  9  miles  W.  of  Bath,  and  about  6  miles  N.  of  Casco 
Bay.  It  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Bath  Branch,  and  also  of  the  Farmington  Branch 


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which  connects  it  with  Lewiston  and  Farmington.  A 
bridge  across  the  river  connects  it  with  Topsham.  The  falls 
or  rapids  of  the  river  here  afford  abundant  water-power. 
Brunswick  has  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  cotton- 
mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  several  other  mills  and  factories. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  This  is  the  site 
of  Bowdoin  College  (Congregational),  which  was  founded 
in  1798  and  has  15  resident  professors  and  a  library  of 
35,000  volumes.  The  Maine  Medical  School  is  affiliated 
to  this  college.  The  township  contains  9  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  village  about  3000;  of  the  township  in  1890,  6012. 

Branswick,  formerly  Barry  and  Berlin,  a  post- 
borough  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of 
Harper's  Ferry.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Here  are  extensive  freight-yards  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.     Pop.  1000. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  of  Kanabec  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Snake  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2 
stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  lumber  interest 
predominates,  pine  timber  being  abundant.     Pop.  388. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre  of 
Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Grand  River, 
about  2  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Missouri  River, 
and  90  miles  by  railroad  E.  by  N.  from  Kansas  City.  It 
has  10  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  extensive  manu- 
factures of  tobacco,  stoves,  <&c.,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1748. 

Brunswick,  a  township  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  city  of  Troy.  Pop.  3237.  It  contains  Centre 
Brunswick. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

Brunswick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  19 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches, 
grist-  and  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Brunswick,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River.     Pop.  221. 

Brunswick,  township,  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.     Pop.  706. 

Bruns'wick,  a  borough  and  northeastern  suburb  of 
Melbourne,  Australia,  is  adjacent  to  that  city.  Stone-cut- 
ting and  brick-making  are  the  chief  industries.    Pop.  4388. 

Brunswick  Bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia, 
in  Ion.  125°  E.,  receives  the  Prince  Regent  River. 

Brunswik,  or  Brunsw^yk,  broSns'Mk,  a  village  and 
parish  of  Prussia,  Holstein,  near  Kiel.     Pop.  1180. 

Bruntrut,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Porbntruy. 

Bru'ree,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Lim- 
erick, 4  miles  N.W.  of  Kilmalloch.  The  Irish  bards  here 
held  their  half-yearly  meetings  till  1746.     Pop.  520. 

Bru'ry  Island,  an  inhabited  islet  E.  of  the  mainland 
of  the  Shetland  Islands. 

Brusa,  or  Broussa,  broo'sS,,  written  also  Bursa, 
booR'sS,  (anc.  Pru'aa  ad  Olym'pum),  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
"capital  of  the  vilayet  of  Khodavendighar,  at  the  N.  foot  of 
Mount  Olympus,  57  miles  S.S.E.  of  Constantinople.  Pop. 
probably  60,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  very  fertile 
neighborhood,  and  has  a  magnificent  external  appearance. 
Its  houses  are  built  mostly  of  earth  or  wood;  its  streets  are 
narrow,  but  very  clean,  and  it  is  one  of  the  most  agreeable 
cities  in  the  East.  It  has  between  200  and  300  mosques, 
large  bazaars,  numerous  khans  and  colleges,  several  churches 
and  synagogues,  Armenian  and  other  schools,  and  extensive 
suburbs.  Its  mineral  baths  have  been  famous ;  they  are  of 
various  kinds  and  temperatures,  and  mostly  under  cover  of 
fine  buildings.  The  city  contains  various  remains  of  an- 
tiquity. Brusa  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  commercial 
emporiums  in  the  Turkish  dominions.  Its  principal  trade 
is  in  raw  silk;  and -it  has  manufactures  of  satin,  cotton 
cloths,  carpets,  tapestry,  gauze,  and  cotton  twist,  with  a 
traffic  in  corn,  opium,  and  meerschaum.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  bishop.  The  trade  with  the  interior  is  facilitated 
by  caravans  from  Constantinople  and  Smyrna;  that  by  the 
sea  is  carried  on  from  the  port  of  Moodania.  Brusa  was 
anciently  the  capital  of  Bithynia,  and  after  the  capture  by 
Orchan  in  1356  it  continued  to  be  the  capital  of  the  Turk- 
ish sultans  until  Amurath  removed  his  seat  of  empire  to 
Adrianople. 

Briisau,  brii'sow,  a  town  of  Moravia,  31  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Olmutz.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  fine  flour.     Pop.  1060. 

Bruselas,  the  Spanish  name  of  Brussels. 

Brush,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co..  Mo. 

Brush  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Highland  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Adams  co.  into  the  Ohio  River.  Another 
Brush  Creek  rises  in  Adams  co.  and  enters  the  Scioto  River 
in  Scioto  co. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  '"rom  Greensborough.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 


Brush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa, : 
Fairfield  township,  on  th6  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroa 
115  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  3  churches, 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  newspaper  office,  sT 
graded  school,  a  grain-elevator,  Ac.     Pop.  593. 

Brush  Creek,  a  village  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &,  San  Francisco  Railroad,  47  miles  N.E.  of  Spring- 
field. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C., 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Pittsborough. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  495 . 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop, 
1601.     It  contains  Sinking  Springs. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.  Pop. 
697.     It  contains  Monroeville. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Zanesville,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Muskingum  River.     Pop.  1292. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.  Pop.  1410 
It  contains  Mount  Joy. 

Brush  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Rush  town- 
ship, on  the  Scioto  River  and  Ohio  Canal,  8  miles  N.  of 
Portsmouth. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  5i 
miles  N.E.  from  Rochester. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.  Pop.  876. 
It  contains  Akersville. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Knoxville  Railroad,  14  miles  by  rail  or  10 
miles  direct  S.W.  of  Carthage,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  several  stores  and  general  business  houses. 

Brush  Lake,  a  station  in  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ur- 
ban a. 

Brush'land,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bovina  township,  9  miles  from  Delhi,  and  about  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  3  churches. 

Brush  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  ridge  in  the  N. 
part  of  Blair  co.,  S.W.  of  Bald  Eagle  Mountain. 

Brush  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn. 

Brush  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Wash., 
18  miles  N.  from  Portland,  Oregon.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  saw-mills. 

Brush'ton,  formerly  Brush's  Mills,  a  post-village 
of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Moira  township,  on  the  railroad 
from  Ogiiensburg  to  Lake  Champlain,  11  miles  W.  of  Ma- 
lone.  It  has  4  churches,  2  tanneries,  a  basket-factory,  3 
saw-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Brushton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  with 
a  station  on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles 
B.  of  Pittsburg,  to  which  city  it  voted  to  annex  in  1894. 
It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pottery,  Ac. 

Brush  Valley,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  which 
crosses  the  Chestnut  Ridge,  and  contains  the  village  of 
Mechanicsburg,  where  is  Brush  Valley  Post-Office.  Pop. 
1606. 

Brush'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Batavia 
township,  4  miles  from  Batavia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  large  canning-factory. 

Brushville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  about 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Brush'y,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Brushy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

Brushy  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1752. 

Brushy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Brushy  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  about 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brushy  Fork,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  "Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Brushy  Fork  of  the  Ouachita,  a  name  given  to 
that  part  of  the  Ouachita  River  which  is  in  Polk  and  Mont- 
gomery COS.,  Ark.     It  rises  in  Polk  co.  and  flows  eastward. 

Brushy  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cross  co..  Ark. 

Brushy  Mountain,  township,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.  P.434. 

Brushy  Prairie,  a  post-office,  Ind.    See  Springfield. 

Brushy  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Brush'yville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  6  milea_ 
from  Sheridan. 

Brusly  Landing,  La.    See  Bruly  Landing. 

Brusque,  briisk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron, 
miles  S.  of  St.  Affrique,  on  the  Dourdou.     Pop.  1180. 

Brus'selS  (Dutch,i?rM««eZ,  briis's§l;  Fr.  i??-iwe3?cs,  brtt''j 
sill';  L.  Bruxel'lm  or  Bruaola ;  Ger.  Brussel,  briis's^l;  It 
Brusselle,  broos-sSl'li ;  Sp.  Bruselas,  broo-si'l3.s),  a  city  oj 
Europe,  capital  of  Belgium  and  of  the  province  of  BrabanC 


BRU 


727 


BRY 


uxi  the  Senne,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways  and  canals. 
i.at.  of  the  observatory,  50°  51'  11"  N.;  Ion.  4°  21'  10"  E. 
I  limate  temperate,  humid,  and  very  variable,  but  healthy. 
I'.russels  is  built  partly  on  a  hill  220  feet  above  the  sea-level, 
and  partly  on  a  flat,  through  which  the  Senne  flows  beneath 
:i  n  arched  covering  which  supports  a  new  boulevard.  It  is 
the  most  important  city  in  the  kingdom,  and  the  chief  seat  of 
public  instruction  and  industry,  the  residence  of  the  courts, 
the  seat  of  the  legislative  assemblies,  courts  of  appeal,  and 
chamber  of  commerce.  Brussels  is  remarkable  for  the  num- 
ber and  richness  of  its  ancient  buildings;  and  from  the 
elegance  of  its  new  quarters  it  ranks  among  the  finest  cities 
i(f  Europe.  It  consists  of  an  upper  or  new  and  a  lower  or  old 
town,  the  former  of  which  is  the  fashionable  quarter  and  con- 
tains the  royal  palace,  the  government  of&ces,  and  the  finest 
streets  and  hotels ;  it  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  has 
many  richly-sculptured  fountains.  Between  the  city  and  the 
walls,  and  intermediate  to  the  suburbs,  are  the  broad  prom- 
enades and  drive,  replacing  former  ramparts  called  boule- 
vards. These  are  9  in  number,  and  shaded  with  double 
rows  of  lime-trees.  Of  the  ancient  fortifications  no  relic 
remains,  except  the  Porte  de  Hal,  a  baronial-looking  bar- 
bacan,  erected  late  in  the  fourteenth  century,  which  long 
served  in  later  days  as  a  prison.  Every  part  of  Brussels  ex- 
hibits a  congeries  of  twisted  streets,  with  the  exception  of 
those  recently  formed,  mostly  near  the  royal  palace.  Sev- 
eral of  these  are  really  handsome.  A  number  of  irregular 
areas,  called  places,  or  marches  when  used  as  markets, 
are  to  be  found  at  intervals  through  the  city,  which,  how- 
ever, is  in  general  far  too  closely  built.  The  only  excep- 
tion is  in  the  extramural  quarters,  Leopold  and  Louise, 
beyond  the  Boulevard  du  Regent. 

Its  principal  squares  are  the  Place  Royale,  Place  de  la 
Monnaie,  with  the  mint,  theatre,  and  exchange,  the  Place 
des  Martyres,  the  Place  du  Grand  Sablon,  the  Grand  Place 
in  the  lower  town,  in  which  is  the  H6tel  de  Ville,  a  noble 
Gothic  edifice,  in  the  grand  hall  of  which  the  abdication 
of  Charles  V.  took  place  in  1555.  The  present  modern 
edifices  are  the  palace  of  the  chambers,  the  king's  pal- 
ace, the  palace  of  the  fine  arts,  formerly  the  residence  of 
the  dukes  of  Brabant  and  of  the  governors-general  of 
Austria,  rebuilt  in  1746,  and  now  occupied  by  the  public 
library  and  museum ;  the  former  palace  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  remarkable  for  its  interior  decorations ;  the  church 
of  Notre  Dame  de  Bon  Secours,  and  that  of  Grand  B6gui- 
nage,  both  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  the  theatre.  The 
ancient  buildings  comprise  the  Hdtel  de  Ville,  one  of  the 
noblest  buildings  of  the  kind  in  Europe,  with  a  spire  of 
open  stone-work  364  feet  in  height;  several  churches,  in 
general  decorated  with  rich  sculptures  and  paintings,  the 
finest  of  which  is  the  cathedral  of  Ste.  Gudule,  built  in  1273, 
and  celebrated  for  its  painted  glass,  numerous  statues,  and 
a  finely-carved  pulpit;  the  church  of  Notre  Dame  de  la 
Chapelle,  commenced  in  1134,  and  that  of  Notre  Dame  des 
Victoires,  of  the  thirteenth  century ;  the  Broot-Huys,  or  old 
H8tel  de  Ville,  and  several  gates  of  its  ancient  walls.  The 
finest  promenades  are  the  A116e  Verte,  along  the  canal  from 
Brussels  to  the  Scheldt,  and  the  park,  an  extensive  enclosure 
near  the  royal  palace,  laid  out  with  avenues  of  trees  and 
ornamented  with  statues.  This  was  the  scene  of  the  chief 
struggle  in  the  revolution  of  1830.  Three  miles  N.  is  the 
country  palace  of  Laeken.  Brussels  has  numerous  and  ex- 
cellent establishments  of  public  instruction,  a  free  university, 
founded  in  1834,  primary  normal  school,  polytechnic  school, 
an  academy  of  painting,  sculpture,  and  engraving,  a  royal 
school  of  music,  a  school  of  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  estab- 
lished in  1834,  and  numerous  primary  schools  and  schools  of 
industry.  Among  its  rich  scientific  and  literary  establish- 
ments are  the  astronomical  observatory,  one  of  the  finest  in 
Europe,  and  a  magnetic  observatory,  the  general  depot  for 
the  archives  of  the  kingdom,  the  public  library,  containing 
400,000  volumes  and  25,000  MSS.,  the  museum  of  painting, 
natural  history,  and  antiquities,  and  an  excellent  botanic 
garden.  It  has  an  academy  of  belles-lettres,  an  exhibition 
of  paintings,  and  another  for  the  productions  of  national 
industry.  Among  its  private  collections  are  the  library  of 
the  Bollandists,  and  that  of  the  geographical  establishment 
of  Vandermaelen,  containing  20,000  volumes  and  a  rich 
collection  of  maps,  in  connection  with  a  school  of  geography 
and  a  museum  of  natural  history. 

Brussels  is  the  seat  of  the  principal  banks  and  of  the 
only  mint  of  the  kingdom,  and  has  a  savings-bank  and 
many  wealthy  charitable  institutions.  It  is  one  of  the  great 
centres  of  Belgian  industry,  and  it  is  still  celebrated  for  its 
lace,  considered  the  finest  in  the  world;  its  other  chief 
manufactures  are  of  fine  linens,  damask,  silk,  and  cotton 
ribbons  gold  and  silver  embroidery,  hats,  paper,  machinery, 


jewelry,  and  mathematical  and  musicai  instrumenu.  It 
has  also  establishments  for  coach-building  and  cabinet- 
making,  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  soap,  porcelain, 
and  crystal,  and  extensive  sugar-refineries  and  breweries. 
It  has  many  large  typographical  and  lithographic  estab- 
lishments, which  are  cniefly  employed  in  reprints  of  works 
published  in  France. 

The  Emperor  Otho  dated  a  decree  apud  Brutolam,  in 
976.  But  the  town  was  not  of  consequence  enough  to  be 
fortified  till  1044,  when  Lambert  Balderic,  Count  of  Louvain 
and  Brussels,  built  a  wall,  with  seven  gates,  around  it ;  and 
it  was  of  small  account  till  Flanders  passed  into  the  hands 
of  princes  of  the  house  of  Austria,  when  it  became,  in  1507, 
the  usual  seat  of  government  for  the  entire  Low  Countries. 

Brussels  was  taken  in  1706  by  the  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
and  by  the  French,  under  Marshal  Saxe,  in  1747.  The 
peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  1748,  gave  back  Brussels  to  the 
Austrians.  In  1794,  General  Dumouriez  took  possession  of 
it  for  the  French  Republic.  It  remained  in  the  possession 
of  the  French  from  1794  until  1814  as  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dyle.  The  Prussians  took  possession  of  Brussels 
February  1, 1814.  September  11, 1815,  William  of  Orange- 
Nassau  was  inaugurated  at  Brussels  as  King  of  the  Neth- 
erlands. It  then  became  one  of  the  capitals  of  the  new 
kingdom,  alternating  with  The  Hague  as  the  residence 
of  the  court.  At  length,  September  23,  1 830,  burst  out  at 
Brussels  the  revolution  which  established  the  kingdom  of 
Belgium,  and  Prinoe  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg,  elected  King 
of  the  Belgians  by  the  national  congress,  June  4,  1831, 
made  his  public  entry  into  Brussels  as  the  sole  capital  of 
his  new  kingdom.  Pop.  in  1800,  76,425 ;  in  18T6, 183,080  ; 
in  1892   183,833,  or  with  faubourgs,  487,988. 

Brus'sels,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  25  miles 
from  Jerseyville.     It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  and  academy, 

Brussels,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  18  miles 
from  Wentzville.     It  has  a  church. 

Brussels,  a  post-township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.     Pop.  675. 

Brus'sels,  an  incorporated  village  in  Huron  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Maitland,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey 
&  Bruce  Railroad,  40  miles  from  Kincardine.  It  contains 
6  churches,  6  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  woollen-factory,  a  door-  and  sash-factory,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  planing-mill,  17  stores,  and  a  printing- 
oflSce  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  1000. 

Brilssow,  brii'sov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  Lake  Briissow,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Prenzlow.     Pop.  1540. 

Brusthem,  briis'tSm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Tongres,  noted  for  a  signal  defeat 
of  the  Li6geois,  by  Charles  the  Bold,  in  1467.     Pop.  1099. 

Bru'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Frome.     Pop.  1691. 

Bru'ton,  a  post-ofBce  of  Wood  co.,  Tex. 

Bruttium,  Bruttii,  ancient  names  of  Calabria. 

Bru'tus,  or  Maple  River,  a  post  hamlet  of  Emmeti 
CO.,  Mich.,  18  miles  N.E.  from  Petoskey.  It  has  good 
water-power,  and  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac. 

Brutus,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  containing 
the  village  of  Weedsport,  and  traversed  by  the  New  York 
Central  and  Southern  Central  Railroads  and  the  Erie  Canal. 
Pop.  2831. 

Briix,  briiks,  or  Brix,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  14  miles  N.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Bila.  It  has  a 
gymnasium,  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  salts.  The 
mineral  spring  of  Sedlitz  is  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5972, 

Bruxelles,  or  Bruxellae.    See  Brussels, 

Bruy^res,  brii^yaiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  ol 
Vosges,  13  miles  E,N.E,  of  Epinal.     Pop.  2386, 

Bruy^res-sous-Laon,  brii^yaiR'-soo-l&*6No',  s  towiv 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1076, 

Bruynswick,  broins'wik  or  brins'wik,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Shawangunk  township,  about  16 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Newburg,     It  has  a  church. 

Bruz,  briiz,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  6  miles  S,W,  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2836, 

Bry'an,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E,  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Cannouohe  River,  which  also  forms 
part  of  its  S.W.  boundary.  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests ;  the  soil  is  sandy. 
Rice  is  the  chief  product  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Savannah,  Florida  <fc  Western  and  the  Central  of 
Georgia  Railroads.  Capital,  Clyde.  Pop.  in  1870,  5252 ; 
in  1880,  4929;  in  1890,  6520. 

Bryan,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Mo,,  about  30  miles 
N,N,E.  of  Sedalia. 


BRY 


728 


BUG 


Bryan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  about  42 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  newspaper 
offices,  several  manufacturing  houses,  and  9  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2952;  in  1890,  3460, 

Bryan,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex,, 
is  100  miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Houston,  about  85  miles  (di- 
rect) B.N.B,  of  Austin,  and  6  miles  E.  of  the  Brazos  River. 
It  has  2  banks,  6  churches,  a  court-house,  a  chair-factory, 
a  carriage-shop,  3  cotton-gins,  an  ice-factory,  corn-mills, 
and  a  graded  school,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Agricultural 
and  Mechanical  College  of  Texas,  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  in  the  village.  About  15,000  bales  of  cotton 
are  annually  shipped  here.     Pop.  2979. 

Bryan,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sweetwater  co.,  Wy- 
oming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  285  miles  W,  of  Lar- 
amie, and  13  miles  W.  of  Green  River  City, 

Bryan's,  a  station  in  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Jefferson  City  to  Mexico,  42  miles  N,  by  E.  from 
Jefferson  City, 

Bry'anston,  or  Good'wood,  a  post-village  in  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  N,  of  London,     Pop,  100. 

Bry'ansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  in  Peach  Bottom  township,  32 
miles  S.E,  of  York. 

Bry'ant,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co,,  Ark.,  17  miles  by 
rail  W,S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Bryant,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  several  churches  and 
3  stores.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bryant,  a  village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     See  Briant. 

Bryant,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa 
Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2 
hotels,  a  public  school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Bryant,  a  post-village  of  Hamlin  co.,  S.D.,  24  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Castlewood,  and  44  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W, 
of  Madison,  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  172. 

Bry'antown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about 
30  miles  S.S.B.  of  Washington,  D.C,     It  has  a  church. 

Bry'antsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Madison. 

Bry'ant's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
10  miles  S.  of  Martinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Bryant's  Fork  (of  White  River)  drains  parts  of 
Douglas  and  Ozark  cos.,  Mo.,  and  enters  the  Big  North 
Fork  about  8  miles  E.  of  Gainesville, 

Bryant's  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co,.  Me.,  in 
Woodstock  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  62 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland,  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  tinware-shop. 

Bryant's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co,,  Ky, 

Bry'antsville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Spice  Valley  township,  7  miles  from  Mitchell.  It  has  2 
ohurches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bryantsville,  a  post-village  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  175. 

Bry'antville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co,,  Mass.,  2 
miles  from  South  Hanson  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
■churches  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Bry'ar  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Canada  South- 
ern Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Slocum  Junction,  Mich. 

Bry'don's,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  30i  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland. 

Bryher,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands.     See  Brehar, 

Bryn-Mawr,  brun^mowr',  a  town  of  Wales,  in  Brecon- 
fihire,  on  two  railways,  10  miles  E,N,E,  of  Merthyr-Tydvil. 
It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  5739, 

Bryn-Mawr  (local  pron,  brin^-mar'),  a  post- village  of 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  6  churches,  a  superior 
hotel,  a  national  and  a  private  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Bryn-Mawr  College  for  the  advanced  edu- 
oation  of  women.  The  village  consists  mostly  of  elegant 
■country-seats  and  cottages  of  citizens  of  Philadelphia. 

Bry'son,  formerly  Har'grave,  a  post- village  of  Que- 
bec, capital  of  Pontiac  co.,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  at  the  head 
of  Calumet  Falls,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  260. 

Bryson,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250, 

Bryson  City,  a  post-village  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  50 
miles  by  rail  W,  by  S,  of  Asfaeville.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  ship 
And  insulator  pins.     Pop.  500. 


Brzesc-Litewski,  Brzesc,  or  Brzest,  a  town  of 
Poland.     See  Brest-Litovsk. 

Brzesnica,  bzhSs-neet'si,  a  town  of  Poland,  66  mile* 
S.E.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  980. 

Brzesnitz,  bzhes'nits,  or  Brzesnice,  bzhSs-neet'si, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2016, 

Brzestitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,     See  Przestitz, 

Brzezany,  bzhi-zh§,'nee,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  the  Zlota-Lipa,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg.  It  has  a 
castle,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  sail-cloth, 
and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  4734. 

Brzezeny,  bzhi-zhi'nee,  a  village  of  Poland,  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kalisz. 

Brzezyn,  bzhi'zin,  a  town  of  Poland,  63  miles  S.W.  of 
Warsaw.     It  has  woollen-manufactures.     Pop.  6040. 

Brzozov,  bzho'zov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Sanok.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2650. 

Bu,  bii,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure-et-Loir, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Dreux.     Pop.  1286. 

Bua,  boo'3,,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic,  im- 
mediately opposite  Trau.  It  produces  dates,  wine,  olives, 
and  asphaltum.  Pop.  3700.  Chief  town,  Bua  or  Santa 
Croce.     Pop.  1380. 

Buache,  bu'ik  or  boo-S.sh',  or  Garden  Island,  an 
island  of  Western  Australia,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  5  miles 
from  the  mainland ;  between  which  and  the  island  is  Cock- 
burn  Sound.     Length,  6  miles. 

Buarcos,  boo-aR'koce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  on  the  sea-coast,  24  miles  W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2817. 

Bub^ak',  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  borders  of  Beloo- 
ohistan,  and  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Lake  Munchar,  Lat,  26" 
6'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  62'  E.     Pop.  5000, 

Bubas'tis  (Scripture  Pi-beseth  ;  modern  Tel  Basta),  a 
ruined  city  of  Lower  Egypt :  the  remains,  situated  on  an 
arm  of  the  Nile,  at  its  delta,  14  miles  N.  of  Belbeys,  com- 
prise extensive  mounds  and  ruins  of  temples. 

Bubbio,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Bobbio. 

Bubendorf,  boo'b^n-doRf^,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Basel  Land,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Basel,     Pop,  1377. 

Bnbion,  boo-be-on',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  36 
miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  702. 

Bublitz,  boo'blits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  4251. 

Bubry,  bll^bree',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  3493. 

Buc^atun'na,  or  Buck^atun'na,  a  post- village  of 
Wayne  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  Bucatunna  Creek,  71  miles  N,  by  W.  from  Mobile. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  distillory  of  turpentine. 

Bncatunna  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  runs  southward 
through  Clarke  co.,  and  enters  the  Chickasawha  River  in 
Wayne  co.     It  is  about  90  miles  long. 

Buccaneer  (buk'k&n-eer')  Archipelago,  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  near  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Australia.     Lat.  16°  S. ;  Ion.  123°  30'  E. 

Buccari,  book-kS,'ree,  a  free  seaport  town  of  Austria, 
in  Croatia,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Fiume.  Pop.  2116.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
at  the  opposite  extremity  of  which,  5  miles  S.E.,  is  the  vil- 
lage of  BUCCARIZZA. 

Buccheri,  book-ki'ree,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Noto.     Pop.  4223. 

Bucchianico,  book-ke-3,'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  4163. 

Buccina,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levanzo. 

Buccinarian  (boot^chee-n§,'re-3,n)  Islands,  a  group 
of  small  islands  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Caprera  is 
the  most  noted  of  these. 

Buccino,  boot-chee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province,  ot 
Salerno,  on  the  Botta,  here  crossed  by  a  Roman  bridge,  14 
miles  E.  of  Campagna.  Pop.  5500.  In  its  vicinity  are 
quarries  of  fine  marble. 

Buccleugh,  buk-klu',  an  old  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Selkirk,  now  in  the  parish  of  Ettrick,  It  gives  the  title  of 
duke  to  the  head  of  the  Scott  family.  Buccleugh  is  also 
the  name  of  a  suburban  parish  of  Edinburgh. 

Bucellas,  boo-s§l'l3,s,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  14  miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2074. 

Buch,  biish,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  the  Bordelais, 
now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Gironde.  Capital,  La 
Teste  de  Buch. 

Buchan,  buK'an,  a  district  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Aber- 
deen and  Banff. 

Buchan,  Bullers  of.     See  Bullers  of  Buchan. 

Buchanan,  buk-an'an,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Wapsipinieon  River  and  Buffalo  Creek,  and 


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_e  Cedar  River  touches  its  S.W.  extremity.  The  surface 
•f  the  county  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  A 
large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Among  the  forest 
trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  maple,  and  black 
walnut.  Devonian  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City 
Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Burlington, 

edar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St. 
ul  &  Kansas   City  Railroad  crosses  its  N.E.  portion. 
Capital,  Independence.     Pop.  in   1880,   18,546 ;   in  1890, 
18,997. 

Buchanan,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 

ordering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles. 
!t  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  in- 

rsected  by  the  Platte  River.     The  surface  is  extensively 

vered  with  forests  of  hard  timber ;  the  soil  is  fertile.    In- 

an  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.    It 

intersected  by  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  with 

hich  other  railroads  connect  at  St.  Joseph,  the  capital  of 
;be  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,109;  in  1880,  49,792;  in 
1890,  70,100. 

Buchanan,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  bor- 

ering  on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles. 
%  is  drained  by  the  Louisa  Fork  and  Russell  Fork  of  Sandy 

iver.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  produces  some  Indian  corn,  pasture,  Ac. 
The  Cumberland  Mountains  on  the  N.W.  separate  the  county 
from  Kentucky.  Capital,  Grundy.  Pop.  in  1870,  3777; 
in  1880,  5694;  in  1890,  5867. 

Buchanan,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Haralson  oc, 
Ga.,  43  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Buchanan,  township,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1157. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  907. 

Buchanan,  a  hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  in  Polk 
township,  7  miles  from  Hopkins,  Mo.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  75.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Siam. 

Buchanan,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Rush  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Buchanan,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Buchanan  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Niles,  and  87 
miles  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  national 
bank,  6  churches,  a  fine  public  school-house,  a  newspaper- 
office,  a  foundry,  3  flouring-mills,  3  saw-mills,  manufactories 
of  furniture,  &c.     Pop.  1702;  of  the  township,  2880. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.    Pop.  905. 

Buchanan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on 
Castor  River,  about  120  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2 
churches.     Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  430. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     P.  1104. 

Buchanan,  a  post-office  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 

Buchanan,  a  village  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Pebble  town- 
ship, 9  miles  from  Waverly.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Pee  Pee. 

Buchanan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  from  Paris.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Buchanan,  a  post- village  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  and  on  the  James  River  Canal,  in  a  beautiful 
valley,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lynchburg.  A  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  it  with  Pattonsburg.  Here  are 
several  stores  and  mills,  and  4  churches. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.    P.  981. 

Buchanan's  Road,  a  station  in  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Waynesburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18 
miles  from  Downingtown. 

Buchan-Ness,  buK^an-ness',  the  most  eastern  headland 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  2^  miles  S.  of  Peterhead.  It 
has  a  light-house,  lat.  67°  28'  N.,  Ion.  1°  46'  W.  Near  this 
are  the  "Bullers  of  Buchan"  (which  see). 

Bucharest,  Bukharest,  or  Bukhorest,  bu'ko- 
rfist',  written  also  Boo^karesht',  or  Bukuresci  (t.e., 
"  the  city  of  enjoyment"),  a  city  of  Southeastern  Europe, 
capital  of  Roumania,  in  a  swampy  plain  on  the  Dimbovetza. 
Lat.  44°  25'  39"  N. ;  Ion.  26*"  5'  24"  E.  It  resembles  a 
large  village,  the  houses  being  surrounded  with  gardens,  and 
is  mostly  irregular,  but  some  of  its  streets  are  well  paved 
and  lighted  with  gas.  It  has  a  Catholic  bishop  and  a  Greek 
metropolitan.  There  are  many  churches  and  monasteries,  a 
foundling  and  other  hospitals,  a  university,  a  college,  a 
museum  with  a  public  library,  a  metropolitan  seminary,  and 
other  schools.  Bucharest  is  a  great  entrep6t  for  commerce. 
It«  chief  trade  is  in  grain,  building-timber,  wool,  salt,  and 
wax.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  two  railways.  Many  news- 
papers are  issued  here,  and  a  street-railway  is  in  operation. 
47 


The  town  has  increased  rapidly  in  importance  of  late.    Pop. 
in  1890  (official  estimate),  194,633. 
Bucharia,  a  territory  of  Central  Asia.     See  Bokhara. 

Bnchau,  boo'K5w,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13i  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Elbogen.     Pop.  1260. 

Buchan,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ried- 
lingen.     Pop.  2244. 

Buchberg,  bSSK'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Austria,  15  miles  W. 
of  Neustadt,  at  the  foot  of  the  Schneeberg.     Pop.  2249. 

Buchen,  boo'K^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Heidelberg.     Pop.  2180. 

Buchen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lauenburg.     Pop.  281. 

Buchholz,  b5dK'h61ts,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  a  railway, 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Griinhain,  on  the  Lehm.     Pop.  5247. 

Buchholz  Franzosisch,  booK'h61t8  fr&nt-so'zish 
{i.e.,  "  French  Buchholz"),  a  village  of  Prussia,  6  miles  N. 
of  Berlin.     Pop.  1154. 

Buchholz  Wendisch,  booK'h61ts  ♦Sn'dish,  a  village 
of  Prussia,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Potsdam.  Pop.  1138.  Buch- 
holz is  also  the  name  of  several  villages  in  Germany. 

Buchhorn,  Germany.    See  Friedrichshafen. 

Buchlowitz,  bSoK'lo--^its\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 6  miles  W.  of  Hradisch.     Pop.  2069. 

Buchlyrie,  biiK-li'vee,  a  village  and  burgh  of  Scotland, 
00.  and  13  miles  W.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  339. 

Buchorest,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Bucharest. 

Buch^ra'on,  or  BuchVoon',  a  town  of  India,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6018. 

Buchsweiler,  bSoKs'^i-l^r  (Pr.  Bouxviller,  b5oks'- 
ve^yaiR')  a  town  of  Germany,  Lower  Alsace,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Zabern.     It  has  extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  3371. 

Buchtel,  b55k't9l,  a  post- village  of  Athens  oo.,  0.,  6 
miles  by  rail  from  Nelsonville.  It  has  3  churches  and  ser- 
eral  coal  and  coke  companies.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Bucine,  boo-ohee'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Areiso,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Ambra.     Pop.  3168. 

Buck,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  111.     Pop.  794. 

Buck,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1259. 

Buck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Quarryville. 

Buck,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop.  574.  It 
contains  Goldsborough. 

Bucka'ria,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.     P.  1782. 

Buckatunna,  Miss.    See  Bucatunka. 

Buckau,  biik'aw,  a  post-office  of  Cuming  co..  Neb. 

Buckau,  b56k'6w,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  adjacent 
to  the  city  of  Magdeburg.  It  has  large  and  varied  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  9696. 

Buck  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  through  Marion  co., 
and  enters  Sugar  Creek  in  Shelby  co. 

Buck  Creek,  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  Ohio 
at  Mauckport. 

Buck  Creek,  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  Wen* 
Fork  of  White  River  at  Yorktown. 

Buck  Creek,  Ohio.    See  Lagonsa  Creek. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.    • 

Buck  Creek,  township,  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1227. 

Buck  Creek,  a  village  in  Washington  township,  Tip- 
pecanoe CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Lafayette.     In  the  vicinity  are  2  churches. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa. 

Buck  Creek,  a  station  in  Jefferson  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  Buck  Creek,  in 
Rural  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owsley  oo.,  Ky. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Miss. 

Biickeburg,  biik'k^h-bSSRO,  a  town  of  Germany,  capi- 
tal of  the  principality  of  Sobaumburg-Lippe,  on  the  Aue, 
an  affluent  of  the  Weser,  6  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Minden. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle,  a  park,  a  gymnasium,  a 
normal  school,  and  a  public  library.     Pop.  4832. 

Bucken,  bSSk'k^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Hoya.     Pop.  992. 

Buck'eye,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Buckeye,  a  hamlet  of  Shasta  oo.,  Cal.,  about  7  miles 
N.  of  Shasta. 

Buckeye,  a  hamlet  of  Yolo  oo.,  Cal.,  13  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Woodland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store.  Pop.  of  Buck- 
eye township,  860. 

Buckeye,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntington  oo.,  Ind.,  4^ 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Warren,  and  18  miles  (direct)  S.E. 
of  Huntington,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Buckeye,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  215. 

Buckeye,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  317. 

Buckeye,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  oo.,  Ky.,  about  9 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  2  churches. 


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Buckeye,  a  post-oflSce  of  Summit  co.,  0. 

Buckeye,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co.,  Wash.,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Spokane  Falls.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  200. 

Buck  £ye,  a  station  in  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  26  miles  B.  of  Grafton. 

Buckeye  City,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  about 
16  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Mt.  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  business  houses.     Pop.  350. 

Buckeye  Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Bnckeystown,  buk'iz-town,  a  post-village  of  Fred- 
erick CO.,  Md.,  6  miles  S.  of  Frederick  City,  and  1  mile  from 
the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Eailroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
tannery.  Bnckeystown  Station  is  on  the  above  railroad,  62 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Buckfastleigh,  biik'fast-le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Dart,  2  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ashburton. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2638. 

Buck'field,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Rumford 
Falls  &  Buckfield  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  hoe-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  450. 

Buck^han'non,  a  small  river  of  West  Virginia,  runs 
northward  through  Upshur  co.,  and  enters  the  Tygart's 
Valley  River  in  Barbour  co.,  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  Philippi. 

Buckhannon,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Upshur  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  West  Virginia  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  41  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  acad- 
emies, 3  newspaper  offices,  and  woollen-,  flouring-,  planing-, 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  1403. 

Bnckhart,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.     Pop.  1577. 

Buckha'ven,  a  fishing  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  9i  miles  S.  of  Cupar-Fife.     P.  2187. 

Buck  Head,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Buck  Head,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C. 

Buck  HolloAr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Fairfax  township,  8  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw -mill. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co..  Ark 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  HI.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  Buck  Horn  township,  1050. 

Buck  Horn,  a  hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Hartford.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Beda  Post-Office. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Webster  parish.  La. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Buck'horn,  a  township  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1438. 

Buckhorn,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1694. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hemlock  township,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  tanneries,  a  graded  school,  a  slate-quarry,  and 
an  iron-mine. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Austin  co.,  Tex. 

Buckhorn,  Nansemond  co.,  Va.     See  Purvis. 

Buckhorn,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Wis. 

Buckhorn  Island,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Niagara  River, 
and  in  Grand  Island  township.     Area,  75  acres. 

Buckie,  buk'kee,  a  fishing  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
17i  miles  W.  of  Banff,  on  the  North  Sea.     Pop.  3803. 

Buckingham,  a  county  of  England.    See  Bucks. 

Buckingham,  biik'ing-am,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Bucks,  on  the  Ouse,  and  on  two  railways,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Aylesbury,  and  52  miles  N.W,  of  London.  The  town  is 
surrounded  by  the  Ouse,  here  crossed  by  3  stone  bridges,  and 
consists  mostly  of  small  brick  houses.  It  has  a  grammar- 
school,  founded  by  Edward  VI.,  a  green-coat  and  a  national 
school,  2  ancient  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  a  prison,  and  paper- 
and  corn-mills.  The  making  of  bobbin  lace  employs  a 
portion  of  the  female  population.  Buckingham  was  made 
a  borough  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  It  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  of  town,  1612; 
of  municipal  borough,  3703. 

Bnck'ingham,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  628  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  produces  tobacco, 
Indian  com,  and  wheat.  The  James  River  Canal  passes 
along  the  border  of  the  county,  which  has  several  quarries 
of  slate.  Gold  is  also  found  here.  Buckingham  Court- 
House,  the  capital  of  the  county,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Slate  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  15,540;  in  1890,  14,383. 

Buckingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
in  the  town  of  Glastonbury,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hartford,  and 
4  miles  S.  of  South  Manchester.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  300. 


Buckingham,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  2(1 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Buckingham,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  is  at 
Centreville,  in  Buckingham  township,  which  is  1  mile  N.E. 
of  Doylestown.     The  township  has  5  churches.    Pop.  2910. 

Buckingham,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  1127. 

Buckingham,  a  village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
RiviSre  du  Lidvre,  near  its  outlet  into  the  Ottawa,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  post-office,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  brick,  Ac.     Pop.  3000. 

Buckingham  Court -House,  or  JHaysville,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  is  on  Slate 
Creek,  about  63  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Richmond.  It  hus 
several  church  organizations.     Pop.  about  300. 

Buckingham  Mines,  a  post-village  of  Buckingham 
CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  E.  of  Buckingham  Court-House. 

Buckinghamshire,a  county  of  England.    See  Bucks. 

Buckinn,  a  village  of  Illinois.     See  North  Alton. 

Buck  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Buck'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &,  Fi.sh- 
kill  Railroad,  about  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford..  It  haj" 
a  paper-mill  and  a  satinet-factory. 

Buckland,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 

Buckland,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  TO 
miles  W.  of  Greenfield,  is  on  the  Troy  &  Greenfield  Rail- 
road, and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Deerfield  River.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Buckland,  which  is  2  miles  S.  of  Buck- 
land  Station,  and  a  part  of  Shelburne  Falls.     Pop.  1921. 

Buckland,  a  post-office  of  Gates  co.,  N.C,  5  miles  N. 
from  Gatesville. 

Buckland,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Logan 
township,  on  the  Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie 
<fc  Louisville  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Lima.  It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Buckland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Thoroughfare  Station.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Buckland,  or  Notre  Dame  Auxiliatrice,  nhi't 
dim  o^zeePyiHreece',  a  post-village  in  Bellechasse  co., 
Quebec,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Charles.  It  contains  grist-, 
saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Buckland  Four  Corners,  a  small  village  in  Buck- 
land  township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  border  of  Ash- 
field  township.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber,  coffins,  <fec. 

Buckland  River,  or  Kung-uk,  kiing'iik,  a  consid- 
erable river  of  Alaska,  flows  into  Eschscholtz  Bay,  an  arm 
of  Kotzebue  Sound. 

Buckley,  or  Bolkley,  buk'le,  a  post-village  of  Iro- 
quois CO.,  111.,  93  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  drug-store,  4  general  stores,  3  churches,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  800. 

Buckley,  a  post-town  of  Pierce  co.,  Wash.,  32  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  878. 

Buck'lin,  a  post-village  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  250. 

Bncklin,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  94  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and 
36  miles  E.  of  Chillioothe.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a 
public  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods  and  cheese.     Pop.  in  1890,  711. 

Buck  liOck,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  11  miles  below  Harrisburg. 

Buck'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  about 
12  miles  E.  of  Doylestown.     Pop.  150. 

Buck  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
at  the  junction  of  2  railroads,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Pottsville,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Here  is  a  colliery. 

Buck  Mountain,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  See  Nescopeck 
Mountain. 

Buckner,  or  Bnckner's  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Fort 
Osage  township,  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Lexington  to  Independence,  13  miles  E.  of  the  latter  town. 

Buckner,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Bnckner's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  about  i 
55  miles  from  Springfield.  '*' 

Bnckner's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oldham  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Bnckner's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 
on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles  N.W.  o^ 
Richmond. 


I 


BUG 


731 


BUD 


BuckoAV,  bSSk'kor,  a  town  of  Prussia,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.     Pop.  1663. 

Buck  Prairie,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
161-1.     It  includes  Marionsville. 

Buck  Ridge,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Tensas  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  above  Grand  Gulf. 

Buck  Run,  apost-oflSce  of  Adams  co.,  0. 

Bucks,  biix,  Buckingham,  buk'ing-am,  or  Buck- 
inghamshire, buk'ing-am-shir,  an  inland  county  of  Eng- 
land, having  N.  the  co.  of  Northampton,  E.  Bedford,  Hert- 
ford, and  Middlesex,  S.  Berks,  and  W.  Oxford.  Area,  730 
square  miles.  Surface  in  the  N.  undulating,  in  the  S.  oc- 
cupied by  the  Chiltern  Hills,  and  in  the  centre  by  the  vale 
»f  the  Aylesbury,  one  of  the  most  fertile  tracts  in  Britain. 
The  Thames  forms  its  S.  boundary ;  other  rivers  are  the 
Thame,  Ouse,  and  Colne.  The  sheep  of  the  vale  of  Ayles- 
bury are  noted  for  the  weight  and  iineness  of  their  fleeces. 
The  county  supplies  large  quantities  of  butter,  cattle,  lambs, 
poultry,  Ac,  to  the  London  markets.  Chief  towns,  Ayles- 
Dury  (the  capital),  Buckingham,  Great  Marlow,  and  Chip- 
ping Wycombe.  There  are  few  manufactures.  The  county 
formed  part  of  ancient  Meroia.     Pop.  in  1891,  185,190. 

Bucks,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  610  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Neshaminy  and  Tohickon  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  generally  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated,  agriculture  being  the  most  important  branch 
of  industry.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  cat- 
tle are  the  staple  products  of  the  county,  which  also  supplies 
large  quantities  of  milk,  vegetables,  Ac,  for  the  market  of 
Philadelphia.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  the  Philadelphia  &  Trenton  Railroad,  and  the 
New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  New  Line.  Among  the  minerals 
Df  this  county  are  limestone,  gneiss,  Triassic  red  sandstone, 
plumbago,  and  titanium.  It  has  also  quarries  of  sandstone 
valuable  for  building.  Capital,  Doylestown,  the  terminus 
of  the  Lansdale  A  Doylestown  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia 
A  Reading  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  64,336 ;  in  1880,  68,656 ; 
in  1890,  70,615. 

Bucks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  36  miles 
(direct)  N.N.W.  of  New  Lisbon. 

Bucks,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1481. 

Bucks  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Grass  River,  2i  miles  S.  of  Madrid  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  17  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  planing-mill. 

Buck^shoal',  a  township  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1390. 

Buck  Shoal,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Buckshu'tem,  a  hamlet  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  A  Port  Norris  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Bridgeton. 

Buck  Skin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  about 
22  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Buck'skin,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  2229.  It 
contains  South  Salem. 

Buckskin  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Park 
Range,  is  in  lat.  39°  20'  N.,  Ion.  106°  8'  W.  It  haa  an  alti- 
tude of  14,022  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Bucks  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me. 

Buck  Snort,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Bucks'port,  a  landing  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  Hum- 
boldt Bay,  in  lat.  40°  46'  37"  N.,  Ion.  124»  10'  43.8"  W. 
Pop.  of  Bucksport  township,  388. 

Bucksport,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in 
Bucksport  township,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  about  20  miles  below  Bangor,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Belfast.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  accessible  to  large  ships, 
and  many  of  its  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  ship-building. 
It  contains  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  Meth- 
odist school  called  the  East  Maine  Conference  Seminary, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  a  moccasin-factory.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Bucksport  A  Bangor  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3433. 

Bucksport  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  and  on  the  Bucks- 
port  A  Bangor  Railroad,  5  miles  above  Bucksport. 

Buck's  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  45 
miles  from  Oroville.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Bucks'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Berlin.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Bucks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  oc,  Pa.,  in  Nook- 
amixon  township,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  church. 

Bucksville,  a  post-village  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Waccamaw  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Conwayborough.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 


Bnck'ton,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia  Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  6  miles  W. 
of  Front  Royal. 

Buck'tooth,  a  station  in  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  li  miles  W.  of  Sala- 
manca. 

Bnck'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  oo.,  Md.,  about 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Buck'ville,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
S.W.  of  Tamaqua.     Here  are  important  coal-mines. 

Buco'da,  a  post-village  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington, 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Olyinpia.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  800. 

Bucostenum,  the  Latin  for  Bcxton. 

Bucquoy,  bUk^kw&',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Pas-de-Calais,  10  miles  S.  of  Arras.     Pop.  1958. 

Buctonche,  biikHoosh',  a  post-village  in  Kent  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Bucktoucfae  River,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Shediac.  It  contains  8  stores,  2  hotels,  a  saw-mill,  and 
several  ship-yards.     Pop.  500. 

Bucy'rus,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in 
Bucyrus  township,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  and  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Crest- 
line, 60  miles  E.  of  Lima,  and  about  65  miles  N.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  contains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  3  banks,  5 
newspaper  offices,  a  large  public  school-house,  and  manu- 
factures of  machinery,  portable  engines,  railroad-cars, 
farming-implements,  shovels,  dredges,  school  and  church 
furniture,  Ac.  A  fossil  mastodon  was  found  near  this  place 
in  1S38.     Pop.  5974;  of  the  township,  6988. 

Buczacz,  or  Butschatsch,  boo'ch&tch,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stanislawow.  It  has 
a  Greek  church  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  8523. 

BuczoAVic,  or  Buczowice.    See  Bdtschowitz. 

Bu^da-Pesth',  or  Budapest'  (Hun.  pron.  boo'dSh*- 
pfisht' ;  Ger.  O'fen  ;  Slavic,  Budin,  boo'deen ;  L.  Buda ; 
Fr.  Bude,  blid),  an  important  city,  the  capital  of  Hungary, 
and  next  to  Vienna  the  largest  city  of  the  Austro-Hunga- 
rian  Empire,  is  situated  on  the  river  Danube,  130  miles 
direct  (173  by  rail)  S.E.  of  Vienna.  As  its  name  implies, 
it  is  composed  of  the  two  cities  of  Pesth  and  Buda,  which 
are  located  respectively  on  the  left  and  right  banks  of  the 
river,  and  which  were  united  in  1873  under  the  official  title 
of  Budapest.  Lat.  47°  29'  N.,  Ion.  19°  3'  E.  Of  the  two 
sections  of  tl^e  municipality,  Buda  is  much  the  older.  It 
stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  and  is  built  in  the  form  of  an 
amphitheatre,  having  in  its  centre  the  fortress  enclosing  the 
royal  palace,  a  cathedral,  the  convents  of  St.  Elizabeth,  St. 
Florian,  and  the  Capuchins,  many  palaces  of  the  Hunga- 
rian nobility,  a  well-furnished  observatory,  a  gymnasium, 
several  libraries,  and  manufactures  of  cloth,  leather,  silks, 
velvets,  Ac.  In  contrast  with  Buda,  Pesth  is  essentially  a 
modern  town,  the  growth  principally  of  the  19th  century. 
It  has  many  fine  streets  and  squares,  magnificent  quays,  a 
handsome  Jewish  synagogue,  a  national  museum  with  a 
library  of  40,000  volumes,  an  academy  of  sciences,  a  uni- 
versity with  about  4000  students,  a  parliament-house,  cus- 
tom-house, and  an  artesian  well  3182  feet  deep.  The  two 
towns  are  connected  by  several  bridges,  and  in  both  are 
numerous  mineral  springs  and  baths.   Pop.  in  1890,  506,384. 

Bu'da,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  III.,  is  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Princeton, 
the  capital  of  the  county,  and  118  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery, 
iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile,  and  rail- 
road supplies.     Pop.  in  1890,  990. 

Buda-Keszi,  boo'd5h*-k4'see\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Pesth,  5  miles  W.  of  Buda.     Pop.  2909. 

Budaon,  boo-d&-on',  Budayoon,  or  Budaun,  boo- 
dSi-oon',  written  also  Badaon  and  Badawan,  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  the  Badaon  district,  is  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bareilly.     Pop.  33,322. 

Budaon,  or  Budaun,  a  district  of  the  North-West 
Provinces  (Rohilcund  division),  lat.  27°  38'-28°  29'  N.,  Ion. 
78°  21'-79°  35'  E.  Area,  2005  square  miles.  It  is  a  level 
and  fertile  region,  watered  by  the  Ganges  and  its  tribu- 
taries.    Capital,  Budaon.     Pop.  934,348. 

Buddha- Gaya,  bood'd'h&-g&'y&,  a  widely  spread  col- 
lection of  ruins  in  British  India,  Gaya  district,  Bengal,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Bahar.  It  is  resorted  to  by  pilgrims,  and  ifl 
supposed  to  have  been  once  the  centre  of  the  Booddhic 
religion. 

Buddrnck,  or  Bhadrakh,  btld^driik'  (ano.  Vada- 
rica),  a  town  of  India,  in  Orissa,  district  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Balasore.     Pop.  7801. 

Budd's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Budd's  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 


BUD 


732 


BUE 


Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mount  Olive  township,  2  miles  from 
Stanhope  Railroad  Station,  which  is  10  miles  W.  of  Dover. 
It  has  a  church. 

Budd  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J., 
about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  church. 

Buddu,  bood'doo,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  Niger,  37 
miles  N.W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Benuwe.     Pop.  4000. 

Buddua,  a  town  of  West  Africa.     See  Kakundt. 

Budduso,  bood-doo'so,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 40  miles  E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2424. 

Bude,  a  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the 
Bristol  Channel,  IJ  miles  W.  of  Stratton.     Pop.  766. 

Bude,  the  French  for  Buda. 

Budel,  bii'd^l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  2031. 

Biiderich,  bii'd§r-iK,  or  Bliicher,  blii'K^r,  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  opposite  Wesel.   P.  2601. 

Biidesheim,  bU'dfis-hime\  a  village  of  Hesse,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  Bingen.  Pop.  2187.  Biidesheim  is  the  name  also 
of  several  other  villages  in  Hesse  and  Rhenish  Prussia. 

Budgebudge,  or  Bajbaj,  baj'bflj',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
on  the  Hoogly,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Calcutte. 

Budhu  Chuk  (or  Chak),  boo'd'hoo  chuk,  a  town  of 
India,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  4659. 

Budin,  boo'din,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  9  miles 
S.  of  Leitmeritz,  on  the  Kleine-Egec     Pop.  1343. 

Budin,  the  Slavic  for  Bun  a. 

Biidingen,  bii'ding-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
on  a  railway,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2478. 

Budissin,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Bautzen, 

Budnoor,  or  Badnur,  bud^noor',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  Baitool  district,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Nagpoor. 
Pop.  3437. 

Biidos-Hegy,  bii'dosh'hSj  or  hWye,  a  mountain  of 
Transylvania,  near  its  E.  border,  in  lat.  46°  12'  N.,  and 
7340  feet  in  elevation.  It  is  remarkable  for  extensive 
sulphur  springs  and  caverns. 

Budrawar,  booMra-war'  ("  stronghold  of  Booddha"),  a 
town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  near  the  Chenaub,  107  miles 
N.E.  of  Lahore.  Pop.  2000.  Lat.  32°  53'  N.,  Ion.  75° 
28'  E. ;  elevation,  5000  feet. 

Budrio,  boo'dre-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.E,  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  2000. 

Budua,  boo-doo'i,  the  southernmost  town  of  the  Aus- 
trian Empire,  in  Dalmatia,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.  It  has  a  roadstead,  sheltered 
by  the  island  of  San  Nicolo.     Pop.  900. 

Budnkhshan,  or  Badakhshan,  bud-tts-shln',  a 
territory  of  Asia,  forming  a  part  of  Afghan  Toorkistan, 
between  lat.  36°  and  38°  N.  and  Ion.  69°  and  75°  E.,  and 
consisting  of  the  W.  declivity  of  the  Bolor-Tagh,  and  the 
valleys  of  some  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Amoo-Darya, 
of  which  the  Budukhshan  River  is  the  principal.  Its 
scenery  and  natural  products  are  highly  interesting.  It 
contains  ruby  mines  and  massive  cliffs  of  lapis-lazuli.  Its 
inhabitants  are  mostly  Tadjiks,  Mohammedans  of  the 
Sheeah  (Shiah)  sect,  speaking  the  Persian  language.  Its 
capital  is  Budukhshan.     Pop.  about  65,000. 

Budnkhshan,  or  Fyzahad,  fi-za,-b8,d',  a  town  of 
Central  Asia,  capital  of  the  above  territory,  180  miles 
N.E.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  37°  2'  N.;  Ion.  74°  20'  E.  It  was 
once  an  independent  sovereignty,  and  a  place  of  great 
importance,  celebrated  particularly  from  early  times  for 
the  valuable  mines  of  balas-ruby  in  its  neighborhood. 

Bndweis,  boSd'wIce,  or  Budwitz,  b5Sd'Mts,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  77  miles  S.  of  Prague.  Pop. 
20,100.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  well  built,  and  partially 
fortified,  and  has  a  handsome  council-house,  a  cathedral, 
several  other  churches,  a  gymnasium,  philosophical  acad- 
emy, and  a  high  school,  with  flourishing  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths,  muslins,  damasks,  and  saltpetre.  Railways 
connect  it  with  Pilsen,  Gmiind,  and  Sanct  Valentin. 

Bndweis,  Budwitz,  bSfid'^its,  or  Bndweitz, 
b55d'^its,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  17  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Znaim.  Pop.  2360.  It  has  a  castle  and  several  suburbs. 
It  is  sometimes  called  Mahrisoh  Budwitz  (mi'rish  bS5d'- 
^its),  "  Moravian  Budwitz,"  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
above,  or  Bohemian  Budwitz. 

Budzanow,  bood-z3,'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
7  miles  N.  of  Czortkow.     Pop,  4661. 

Buech,  bii-aish'  or  bwSsh,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  department  of  Dr&me,  and  flows  into  the  Durance  at 
Sisteron,  Basses- Alpes,  after  a  course  of  53  miles.  Petit 
BuKCH,  peh-tee'  bii^aish',  is  an  affluent  of  the  above. 

Bu'el,  a  post-township  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.,  12  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Sanilac  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Huron,     Pop,  853, 


Buel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  36  milee 
E.S.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory,  . 

Buel's   Gore,  a  tract  of  land  in  Chittenden  oo.,  Vt.    I 
Pop.  29.  f 

BnelPs  Lowell,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  10  miles  N.  of 
Marietta,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Lowell.     It  has  5  churches,  an    • 
academy,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  tan-    I 
nery.     Pop,  350.  1 

Buelow,  bu'lo,  a  village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla,,  140 
miles  S,  of  Arredondo,  It  has  2  churches  and  the  Sum- 
merlin  Institute, 

Buena,  bu-e'na,  a  post-oflBce  of  Van  Wert  oo,,  0. 

Bnena  Ventura,  Cal.    See  San  Buena  Ventuha. 

Buenaventura,  bwi-ni-ven-too'ri,  a  town  of  Mex- 
ico, state  of  Chihuahua,  140  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of 
Chihuahua,  Lat,  29°  55'  N, ;  Ion,  106°  30'  W,  It  is  small, 
but  well  built,  and  contains  about  1500  inhabitants.  About 
10  miles  N.W,  from  the  town  there  are  very  extensive  ruins, 
called  Casas  Grandes,  An  area  of  several  square  miles  is 
covered  with  the  remains  of  buildings,  which,  from  their 
number,  are  supposed  to  have  contained  a  population  of  at 
least  20,000  or  30,000,  Fine  earthenware  jars  have  been 
excavated  here,  as  well  as  images  made  of  baked  earth, 

Buenaventura,  a  port  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Cauca,  on  the  Bay  of  Choco.  Lat.  3°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  77°  30'  W.  The  town  is  badly  built,  dirty,  and 
poor,  with  a  hot,  wet,  and  sickly  climate,  but  is  the  port  for 
the  fertile  and  healthy  valley  of  the  Cauca.  The  people 
are  mostly  blacks. 

Buena  Vista,  bwi'ni  vees'ti  or  bo'na  vis'ta  (i.e.,  lit- 
erally "good  or  fine  view"),  a  celebrated  battle-field  of 
Mexico,  situated  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Monterey,  and  10 
miles  from  Saltillo,  It  consists  for  the  most  part  of  moun- 
tain-ridges, narrow  defiles,  and  impassable  ravines.  Here, 
February  22  and  23,  1847,  Gen.  Taylor,  at  the  head  of  less 
than  6000  United  States  troops,  a  large  portion  of  whom 
were  raw  volunteers,  totally  defeated  20,000  Mexicans  under 
Santa  Anna.  The  former  lost  only  267  killed,  and  479 
wounded  and  missing.  This  action  is  sometimes  called  the 
battle  of  La  Angostura,  from  the  name  of  a  pass  occupied 
by  a  detachment  of  Taylor's  army  at  the  commencement  of 
the  battle,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Buena  Vista.  Buena  Vista  is 
the  name  of  several  other  places  in  Mexico, 

Buenavista,  or  San  Pedro  de  Bnena  Vista,  s&n 
pi'dro  dk  bwi-nl-vees'tl,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Tene- 
riffe,  lat,  28°  16'  N,,  Ion.  16°  58'  W.,  on  an  elevated  plain, 
925  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  well  built,  has  a  spacious 
square,  a  church,  several  chapels  and  schools.     Pop.  2300. 

Buena  Vista,  bu'na  vis'ta,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Little  Sioux  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level :  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  division 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western traverses  its  N.  portion.  Capital,  Storm  Lake. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1585;  in  1880,  7537;  in  1890,  13,548. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Camden. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark.,  at 
Senter  Station,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Buena  Vista,  a  thriving  post-town  and  railway  cen- 
tre, capital  of  Chaffee  co.,  Col.,  122  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Pueblo,  and  35  miles  S.  of  Leadville.  It  has  9  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Extensive  mining  opera- 
tions are  carried  on  here.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co., 
Ga.,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  29  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Amerieus.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  788. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  co,.  111,,  11 
miles  N,  of  Freeport. 

Buena  Vista  (Linn  Grove  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Adams  co.,  Ind.,  in  Hartford  township,  on  the  Wabash 
River,  5  miles  from  Berne  Railroad  Station. 

Buena  Vista,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co,,  Ind.,  8  miles 
S.W,  of  Laurel.     It  has  1  or  2  churches, 

Buena  Vista,  a  decayed  village  of  Gibson  co,,  Ind,, 
on  White  River,  4  miles  N,E,  of  Hazleton, 

Buena  Vista,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  oo,,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Harrodsburg 
Railroad  Station. 

Buena  Vista,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,     Pop,  285.     Buena  Vista  Station  is  at 


I 


BUE 


733 


BUF 


fTorth  Buenft  Vista,  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  A  Minnesota 
Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa. 

Buena  Vista,  township,  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1024. 

Buena  Vista,  a  station  in  Lee  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keo- 
kuk A  Des  Moines  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Keokuk  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky„  12 
miles  from  Lancaster. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buena  Vista  township, 
Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Saginaw  River,  and 
about  6  miles  E.  from  East  Saginaw.  It  ha«  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  100.  The  township  contains  a  hamlet  named  Trost- 
ville,  and  has  a  population  of  1292. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co..  Miss., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Buena  Vista,  a  township  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  con- 
tains villages  named  Newtonville,  New  Germany,  Cedar 
Lake,  Downsville,  Landisville,  and  Buena  Vista.  The  lat- 
ter has  2  churches,  and  is  on  the  Atlantic  City  branch  of 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Newfield. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Howard  township,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bath.  It  has 
a  church. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-ofQce  of  Duplin  oo.,  N.C. 

Buena  Vista,  Fayette  co.,  0.    See  Moon's. 

Buena  Vista  (Freestone  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  in  Nile  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  17  miles  below 
Portsmouth,  and  90  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  3 
churches,  4  stores,  &o.  Here  are  quarries  of  good  building- 
stone  called  "  Buena  Vista  Freestone,"  which  is  shipped  to 
distant  parts  of  the  United  States.     Pop.  about  600. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Millersburg. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-village  of  Polk  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  7  miles  from  Jeflferson 
Railroad  Station,  and  16  miles  from  Salem.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  4  warehouses  for  grain,  and  manufactures 
of  stoneware,  wagons,  paints,  &c.     Pop.  about  400. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in 
Elizabeth  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  60  houses. 
Coal  is  mined  here.  Its  station  is  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  in  Westmoreland  co. 

Buena  Vista,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  See  New  Buena 
Vista. 

Buena  Vista,  a  village  of  Butler  oo..  Pa.,  in  Fairview 
township,  3  miles  from  Karns  City.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  oil-wells.     Here  is  Peachville  Post-OflSce. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from  Hollow  Rock  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-town  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  at 
the  junction  of  2  railroads,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  female  seminary,  a 
graded  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  with  iron-furnace- 
works,  steel-,  fire-clay-,  brick-,  and  boiler-  and  machine- 
works,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cashmere  goods, 
paper,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  1044. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis., 
and  a  station  on  the  Southern  division  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Stevens  Point.  Pop.  726. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Keene. 

Buena  Vista,  township,  Richland  co..  Wis.    P.  1086. 

Buen  Ayre,  bwfin  i'ri,  or  Bon  Air,  a  Dutch  West 
Indian  island,  on  the  Venezuela  coast,  30  miles  E.  of  Cura- 
sao. Lat.  12°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  27'  W.  It  is  20  miles  long 
and  4  broad.  It  has  4  villages  and  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  salt  and  charcoal.  Products,  aloes,  divi-divi, 
guaiacum,  brazil-wood,  donkeys,  and  some  cattle.  Phos- 
phate of  lime  is  reported  to  exist.  The  climate  is  dry  and 
the  island  poor.   Pop.  in  1891,  3979,  of  whom  400  were  white. 

Buenos  Ayres,  bo'ngs  i'riz  or  bo'nps-airz,  or  San- 
tissima  Trinidad  de  Buenos  Ayres,  s&n-tis'see-m& 
tre-ne-D&D'  d&  bwi'noce  i'rSs,  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant city  of  South  America,  capital  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
Eublic,  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  La  Plata  estuary, 
ere  30  miles  wide,  and  about  150  miles  from  the  sea.  (The 
name  Buenos  Ayres  was  given  it  by  its  founder,  Mendoza, 
and  signifies  "  good  air.")  Lat.  34°  35'  5"  S. ;  Ion.  58° 
22'  W.  It  is  the  objective  point  and  terminus  of  several 
railways,  and  stands  on  a  perfectly  level  plain.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  all  its  streets  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles, 
and  nearly  all  have  street  railways,,  of  which  the  total  length 
exceeds  SO  miles.  The  granite  with  which  the  streets  are 
oaved  is  obtained  from  the  island  of  Martin  Garcia,  on  the 


opposite  side  of  the  river.  The  houses  are  built  of  brick, 
and  whitewashed,  and  almost  every  house  ha^  a  garden,  and 
many  have  balconies  with  lattice-work  containing  shrubs 
and  flowers.  The  windows  of  the  houses  towards  the  streets 
are  generally  two  in  number,  having  an  iron  grating,  which 
gives  them  a  gloomy  and  prison-like  appearance.  The  floorg 
were  formerly  paved  with  brick,  the  use  of  wood  in  their 
construction  being  avoided  as  much  as  possible;  but  of 
recent  years  great  numbers  of  houses  have  been  built  in 
European  style.  The  principal  square,  or  Plaza  de  la  Vic- 
toria, is  situated  about  two  squares  from  the  river,  and  im- 
mediately behind  the  fort,  which  is  now  principally  used  fcr 
firing  salutes,  and  contains  the  public  military  offices.  In  the 
centre  of  the  square  is  a  monument  erected  in  honor  of* 
South  American  independence,  and  surrounding  it  are  hand- 
some buildings,  including  the  cathedral,  the  archbishop's 
palace,  the  cabildo  or  hall  of  justice,  the  police  office,  Ac. 
The  cathedral  is  a  very  large  and  rich  edifice,  covering 
nearly  half  a  square.  The  other  public  buildings  are  a 
house  of  representatives,  built  in  imitation  of  the  American 
hall  of  Congress,  a  military  depot  called  the  Retire,  a  cus- 
tom-house, hospitals,  a  foundling  hospital,  Ac.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  university,  of  several  ecclesiastical  colleges,  and 
of  many  professional  and  other  schools.  Several  other 
literary  and  scientific  institutions  have  been  established 
here,  including  a  society  for  the  promotion  of  natural  phi- 
losophy and  mathematics,  one  of  medicine,  and  another 
of  jurisprudence,  and  an  association  for  the  promotion  of 
agriculture.  Some  20  periodicals  are  published  here,  sev- 
eral of  them  being  dailies. 

The  trade,  and  consequently  the  prosperity,  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  is  much  impeded  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  navi- 
gating the  La  Plata,  and  the  want  of  a  safe  and  commo- 
dious harbor.  Large  vessels,  drawing  above  12  feet  of 
water,  cannot  come  nearer  than  5  or  6  miles ;  vessels  of  less 
draught  generally  go  into  the  inner  roads  and  anchor  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  city.  The  surf  on  the  beach  is 
very  heavy  when  the  wind  blows  from  the  S.E. ;  and  another 
danger  arises  from  the  pamperos,  sudden  and  violent  gusts 
bf  wind,  which  sweep  across  the  painpas  and  the  river  from 
the  Andes  with  tremendous  fury.  For  these  reasons  it  is 
proposed  to  establish  a  port  for  the  city  at  Ensenada,  on  the 
estuary  of  the  La  Plata,  35  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  The  climate  is  moist  and  variable,  but  regarded  as 
healthy,  though  severe  epidemics  of  yellow  fever  sometimes 
occur,  and  rheumatic  affections  are  very  prevalent.  Buenos 
Ayres  is  the  commercial  metropolis  o*  the  republic.  It 
exports  large  quantities  of  hides,  horns,  bone-ash,  bones, 
beef,  tallow,  hair,  and  other  cattle  products,  ostrich  feathers, 
wool,  live-stock,  Ac.  The  environs  of  the  city  for  2  or  3 
miles  are  very  beautiful,  consisting  of  well-cultivated  fields, 
and  enlivened  by  numerous  country  residences  called  quin- 
tas  ;  the  most  wealthy  have  their  country-seats  surrounded 
with  gardens.  The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  Buenos 
Ayres  are  descendants  of  Spaniards  who  have  settled  in  the 
country  during  the  last  three  centuries ;  but  there  are  many 
foreigners  here.     Pop.  in  1869,  177,787;  in  1886,  398,498. 

Buenos  Ayres,  the  most  populous  and  most  flourishing 
of  the  provinces  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  extends  from 
Bahia  Blanca,  39°  S.,  along  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Parang  River,  which  it  follows  to  within  30 
miles  of  Rosario.  This  river  separates  it  from  the  province 
of  Entre  Rios.  Area,  72,972  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882, 
612,000.  The  N.  includes  a  portion  of  the  eastern  Pampas, 
and  is  flat,  with  lakes  and  swamps.  The  S.  part  compre- 
hends the  low  hills  of  the  Sierras  del  Vulcan  and  Ventana. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Rio  Salado  and  Quequen.  Climate 
humid  and  variable ;  ice  seldom  occurs ;  mean  summer  heat 
90°  Fahr.  Occasionally  there  are  years  of  excessive  drought. 
The  soil  is  fertile  in  many  places,  but  there  is  not  a  thou- 
sandth part  under  cultivation.  Hides,  hair,  horns,  phos- 
phates, wool,  bones,  beef-extract,  ostrich  feathers,  tallow, 
and  jerked  beef  are  the  chief  exports;  horses,  mules,  and 
asses  are  also  exported.  Formerly  the  cultivation  of  the 
soil  was  so  neglected  that  grain  was  required  from  abroad ; 
now  wheat  is  exported  to  some  extent.  In  1875  there  were 
643  miles  of  railway  in  the  province. 

Bufarik,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Boofareek. 

Bufi*,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Mo. 

Buffa,  a  harbor  of  Liberia.     See  Bassa. 

Buffalo,  an  island  ofi'  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin  China. 
Lat.  14°  11'  N.;  Ion.  109°  16'  E. 

Buffalo,  a  point  or  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Sumatra.     Lat.  3°  58'  S. 

Buffalo,  a  group  of  detached  rugged  rocks  in  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  about  20  miles  due  N.  of  Cape  Negrais.  Lat. 
from  16°  19'  to  16°  22'  30"  N.:  Ion.  94'"  12'  E. 


BUF 


734 


BUF 


Buffalo,  a  small  island  off  the  E.  coast  of  China,  Chu- 
san  Archipelago.     Lat.  29°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  15'  E. 

Buffalo,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  875  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Loup  Fork  of 
the  same.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  small  tracts  of  timber ;  the 
soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  &o. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Kearney.  Pop.  in  1870,193;  in  1880,7531;  in 
1890,  22,162. 

Buffalo,  a  county  of  South  Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Hand  and  Hyde  cos.,  B.  by  Jerauld  co.,  S.  by  Brul6 
CO.,  and  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  several  affluents  of 
which  flow  from  this  county.  •  Capital,  Gann  Valley.  After 
the  census  of  1870,  its  territory  was  much  reduced.  Pop. 
in  1870,  246;  in  1880,  63;  in  1890,  993. 

Buffalo,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  "Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  W,  by  the  Chippewa, 
and  is  intersected  by  Buffalo  Creek.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified and  partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  rocks  of  this  county  is  magnesian  limestone 
(Lower  Silurian),  Railroads  traverse  its  E.,  S.,  and  W. 
borders,  but  only  one  (Sault  Sainte  Marie  A  Southwestern) 
travels  into  the  interior  of  the  county,  and  this  one  only 
6  miles  in  the  N.E.  portion.  Capital,  Alma.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,123;  in  1880,  15,528;  in  1890,  15,997. 

Buffalo  (statiqp  name,  Buffalo  Wallow),  a  post-office  of 
Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Opelika. 
Buffalo,  Glynn  co.,  Ga.    See  Mount  Pleasant. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.     Pop.  3524.     It 
includes  the  village  of  Polo. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  263. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  602. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  559. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Buffalo 

township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  below 

Davenport.     It  has  4  churches,  a  glass-factory,  a  pottery, 

and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  453 ;  of  township,  additional,  1284. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  13  miles 

by  rail  S.  of  Yates  Centre.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 

cheese-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  350. 

Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Rue  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Hodgensville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
flour-  and  saw-mills,  and  a  college.     Pop.  214. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  Minn., 
45  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  on  Buffalo  Lake,  and  about  8 
miles  S.W.  of  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  800. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.,  in 
Benton  township,  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield,  and  3 
miles  W.  of  the  Niangua  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  278. 

Buffalo,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  situated  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  Lake  Erie, 
in  lat.  42°  53'  N.,  Ion.  78°  55'  W.,  being  352  miles  W.  of 
Albany  by  the  Erie  Canal  (300  miles  by  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad),  460  miles  N.W.  of  New  York  by  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Niagara  Falls,  182  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland  by  the  Lake 
Shore  and  Nickel  Plate  Railroads  (203  miles  by  water), 
and  290  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Detroit  by  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral. It  has  railway  connections  with  Goderich  on  Lake 
Huron,  159  miles  distant,  with  Detroit  and  Sarnia,  and 
with  Toronto  and  Montreal,  all  via  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way. Other  railroads  terminating  there  are  the  West  Shore, 
the  Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburg,  the  Western  New  York 
<fe  Pennsylvania,  and  the  branches  of  the  Reading  System. 
The  city  has  a  water  front  of  about  5  miles,  being  about 
2J  miles  on  the  lake  and  2J  miles  on  the  Niagara  River. 
The  site  on  the  lake  front  gradually  rises,  and  at  the  dis- 
tance of  about  2  miles  becomes  an  extended  undulating 
plain  50  feet  above  the  water-level  of  the  harbor.  A  por- 
tion of  the  river  front  is  a  bold  bluff  60  feet  above  the  water- 
level  of  the  river  and  of  the  Erie  Canal,  vhich  passes  near  it. 
The  more  elevated  portion  of  the  site  affords  fine  views  of 
the  city,  the  Niagara  River,  the  Canada  shore,  the  lake  and 
bay,  and  the  hilly  country  to  the  S.E.  Buffalo,  especially  the 
W.  side  residence  portion,  is  handsomely  built.  Its  streets 
are  broad  and  straight,  and  for  the  most  part  intersect  one 
another  at  right  angles.  Main  street,  extending  about  6 
miles,  Niagara  street  5  miles,  and  Delaware  avenue  3  miles, 
are  particularly  worthy  of  mention.     At  the  point  where 


the  waters  of  the  lake  merge  in  the  Niagara  River,  Buffalo 
Creek  enters  the  lake  from  the  E.  and  the  Erie  Canal  from 
the  N.W.,  being  nearly  parallel  in  their  passage  through  the 
city  and  harbor.  The  streets  in  the  more  elevated  portions 
of  the  city  are  bordered  with  a  profusion  of  shade-trees, 
and  the  more  important  avenues  have  many  fine  residences. 
Over  100  miles  of  asphalt  pavement  adds  much  to  elegance 
and  comfort.  Shade-trees  also  adorn  the  public  squares  and 
small  parks,  of  which  there  are  15. 

Favorably  located  for  business,  and  with  many  advan- 
tages as  a  place  of  residence,  Buffalo  shows  a  ratio  of  increase 
in  population  far  above  the  average  of  that  of  cities  in  the 
eastern  and  older  portion  of  the  United  States,  taking  rank 
as  the  eleventh  in  population  in  the  census  of  1890.  It  is 
divided  into  25  wards,  and  governed  by  a  mayor,  25  alder- 
men, and  9  councilmen ;  the  other  city  officers  are  a  treas- 
urer, comptroller,  corporation  counsel,  superintendent  of 
education,  city  engineer,  overseer  of  the  poor,  and  5  as- 
sessors. It  claims  to  be  the  cleanest,  best  lighted,  and 
healthiest  city  in  the  United  States,  with  the  best  water,  and 
the  best  and  most  complete  sewerage;  it  has  an  ample 
water-supply,  obtained  from  the  Niagara  through  a  tunnel 
extending  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  river;  an  efficient 
police  department;  a  paid  fire  department,  which  is  well 
equipped ;  a  fire  and  police  alarm  telegraph,  with  70  miles 
of  wire,  and  signal-stations  at  all  necessary  points ;  gas  is 
supplied  by  3  private  companies,  electric  light  by  1  con- 
solidated company ;  natural  gas  for  fuel  by  2  companies ; 
telephonic  facilities  extend  to  various  sections  of  the  city, 
and  there  are  several  lines  of  street  railway.  The  public 
buildings  include  the  United  States  custom-house  and  post- 
office  (which  also  accommodates  the  United  States  courts), 
the  state  arsenal  and  state  armory,  each  with  a  regiment 
of  National  Guards,  the  city  and  county  hall  and  jail,  the 
general  hospital,  several  hospitals  and  infirmaries  under 
private  or  church  control,  a  commodious  insane  asylum, 
numerous  orphan  and  other  asylums,  4  of  which  are  under 
general  public  control,  a  fine  hotel  and  library  building  of 
the  Buffalo  Library,  167  churches,  and  a  large  number  of 
educational  buildings  and  other  edifices  of  a  more  or  less 
public  character.  The  city  has  1  national  bank,  19  state 
banks,  and  4  savings-banks.  Besides  the  Buffalo  Library, 
already  alluded  to,  which  has  a  collection  of  about  68,000 
volumes  and  real  estate  to  the  value  of  $1,600,000,  there 
are  many  associations  of  a  benevolent  or  literary  character, 
including  a  Charity  Organization  Society,  a  German  Young 
Men's  Association,  the  Grosvenor  Library,  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  a  Roman  Catholic  Young  Men's 
Association,  a  Society  of  Natural  Sciences,  a  historical  so- 
ciety, a  law  association,  medical  societies,  an  academy  of 
fine  arts,  a  firemen's  benevolent  association,  a  Lutheran 
benevolent  association,  and  numerous  lodges  of  free  masons, 
Odd-Fellows,  Ac.  The  distinctively  educational  institu- 
tions belonging  to  or  located  in  Buffalo  are  numerous,  in- 
cluding a  state  normal  school  and  about  50  public  schools 
(with  850  teachers  and  37,500  pupils),  2  medical  colleges, 
and  55  collegiate  schools,  academies,  and  private  schools, 
controlled  and  conducted  by  various  church  denominations 
and  by  private  individuals.  Public  school  property  is 
valued  at  $1,774,725.  The  cost  of  maintenance  of  the 
schools  is  $775,000  annually.  The  private  schools  are  mostly 
Polish  and  Lutheran.  The  city  has  a  magnificent  public 
park  of  442  acres,  and  there  is  a  tastefully  laid-out  ceme- 
tery of  75  acres,  called  the  Forest  Lawn,  in  the  suburbs. 
There  are  numerous  newspapers  published  in  Buffalo, — 
among  which  are  7  English  and  3  German  dailies,  and  20 
weeklies,  4  of  the  latter  being  sectarian.  There  are  also 
several  monthly  and  quarterly  periodicals,  making  in  all 
about  100  publications. 

Buffalo  is  an  important  and  prosperous  centre  of  trade, 
and  has  extensive  manufactures.  Its  commerce  has  steadily 
increased  for  many  years, — a  fact  due  to  its  location  at  the 
foot  of  the  great  chain  of  lakes,  and  to  its  being  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Erie  Canal  and  of  several  railroad  lines,  in- 
cluding in  all  11  main  lines  and  7  branches.  It  has  easy 
and  more  or  less  direct  railroad  communication  with  Phila- 
delphia, Chicago,  and  nearly  all  other  desirable  points. 
There  is  a  board  of  trade,  organized  in  1844  and  incorpo- 
rated in  1857,  which  is  now  continued  as  owner  of  the  ex- 
tensive building  devoted  to  the  grain  interests,  and  includ- 
ing a  second  organization  known  as  the  Merchants'  Ex- 
change. Grain  is  the  most  important  article  of  commerce, 
and  the  facilities  for  handling  and  storing  it  are  unexcelled 
by  those  of  any  other  city  on  this  continent ;  the  growth 
of  this  branch  of  trade  may  be  estimated  by  the  fact  that 
it  was  only  in  1843  that  Joseph  Dart  built  the  first  grain- 
elevator  here,  and  that  there  are  now  (1892)  38  elevators, 


I 


BUP 


735 


BUF 


with  a  capacity  for  storing  16,000,000  bushels  and  facilities 

for  transferring  4,000,000  bushels  per  day.     The  growth  of 

this  interest  may  be  calculated  from  the  record  of  receipts 

and  exports,  which  shows :  receipts,  1836  to  1845, 41,851,483 

bushels  J  1846  to  1855,  174,717,437  bushels;  1856  to  1865, 

432,390,318  bushels;  1866   to  1875,  571,255,254  bushels; 

1876   to   1885,  720,503,441   bushels;  for   1886  (one   year) 

95,425,790  bushels  ;  for  1887, 104,737,710  bushels;  and  for 

1891,  162,391,590  bushels.     During  the  same  period  the 

exports  have  kept  pace  with  the  receipts.     This  is  now  the 

eastern  distributing  centre  of  western  flour,  receiving  by 

^Jj,ke  in  1891,  7,260,092  barrels.     In  the  live-stock  trade 

^Hfenffalo  is  second  to  Chicago  only.     The  city  has  also  a 

^^^krge  trade  in  anthracite  and  bituminous  coal,  received  from 

^^Bennsylvania  and  distributed  both  westward  and  eastward; 

^Hpnd  extensive  improvements  have  recently  been  made  in 

^^■the  facilities  for  handling  and  shipping  this  commodity. 

This  port  is  now  the  distributing  point  of  all  west-bound 

anthracite   coal,  shipping  nearly  3,000,000    tons   by  lake 

alone,  and  a  large,  but  unreported,  amount  by  rail.     The 

lumber-trade  is  large:  the  receipts  by  lake,  which  in  1879 

amounted  to  207,531,000  feet,  reached  in  1887  390,656,988 

feet.     Since  that  time  lake  receipts  have  not  materially 

changed,  but  rail  receipts  have  more  than  equalled  them. 

In  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  and  working,  Buffalo 
ranks  next  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.  The  census  of  1880  showed 
in  Erie  co.  1831  establishments  engaged  in  manufactures, 
having  $29,200,731  capital,  employing  20,212  persons  at 
an  annual  cost  for  wages  of  $7,985,093,  using  raw  mate- 
rials to  the  value  of  $30,723,295,  and  producing  an  aggre- 
gate of  $47,522,471.  Of  the  total  products  of  the  man- 
ufacturing establishments,  $1,765,320  were  in  iron  and 
steel,  besides  $3,624,029  in  machinery  and  $510,865  in 
agricultural  implements;  $2,192,628  in  malt  and  distilled 
liquors;  $3,250,487  in  flour,  Ac;  $1,799,867  in  lumber, 
sawed  and  planed,  besides  $69,820  in  sash,  blinds,  <tc.,  and 
$898,571  in  furniture;  $2,877,602  in  tanned  and  dressed 
leather,  besides  $785,435  in  boots  and  shoes ;  $2,037,893 
in  malt;  $562,192  in  metallic  wares ;  $3,075,000  in  glucose; 
$487,887  in  tobacco,  cigars,  Ac. ;  $443,331  in  carriages  and 
wagons;  $1,176,840  in  soap  and  candles;  $1,166,956  in  ship- 
building, Ac;  $475,904  in  cooperage;  $211,070  in  bricks; 
$88,700  in  vinegar,  Ac.  Of  the  foregoing,  1183  establish- 
^^Bients,  with  a  capital  of  $26,847,937,  were  in  Buffalo.  At 
^^^Bds  writing  the  census  of  manufactures  of  1890  is  not  pub- 
'^^^fehed,  but  the  increase  in  ten  years  has  been  enormous. 

The  total  debt  of  the  city  of  Buffalo  in  1892  was  $11,374,- 
547.26;  and  the  assessed  valuation  of  property,  including 
personal  property  and  real  estate,  was  $197,084,780. 

Bufi"alo,  originally  laid  out  by  the  Holland  Company  in 
1801,  became  in  1812  a  military  post.  It  was  burnt  in 
December,  1813,  when  of  the  200  houses  composing  the 
village  all  but  two  were  destroyed  by  the  British  and  In- 
dians. By  act  of  Congress  $80,000  was  voted  to  compen- 
sate the  suflferers  for  the  loss  sustained.  In  April,  1832,  it 
was  incorporated  as  a  city,  and  in  1852  the  charter  was 
amended  so  as  to  include  Black  Rock.  The  act  of  the  legis- 
lature was  ratified  by  the  people  in  1853,  and  on  the  first 
day  of  January,  1854,  it  went  into  operation.  Pop.  in  1810, 
1508 ;  in  1820,  2095  ;  in  1830,  8653  ;  in  1840, 18,213  ;  in  1850, 
42,261  ;  in  1860,  85,500;  in  1870,  117,714 ;  in  1880, 155,134; 
in  1890,  254,457;  and  in  1892  (state  census),  278,796. 
Baffalo,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  N.D.,  16  miles  by 
.11  W.  of  Castleton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
iewspaper  ofBce.  Pop.  177. 
Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Valley 
township,  50  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  780. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1495. 
Buffalo  Station  is  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  770. 
Bufi'alo,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1521. 
Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo..  Pa.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township, 
1 180.     The  township  has  beds  of  coal. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1764. 
Buffalo,  a  post-office  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn. 
Bnff'alo,  a  post- village  of  Leon  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Pal- 
estine.    It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  brewery,  and  several  dry -goods  stores. 

Bnff'alo,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ches- 
apeake &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Great  Kanawha  River, 
69  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
^<3reat  Kanawha  River,  about  22  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 

I 


30  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston,  it  has  3  churches,  a  flooring- 
mill,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  400. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mu- 
sissippi,  about  20  miles  above  Winona.  It  hae  2  churches. 
Pop.  275. 

Buffalo,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  Wyoming, 
about  27  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Sheridan.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded 
schools,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  court-house.     Pop.  1087. 

Buffalo  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  small  river  or  Texas,  runs 
eastward  through  Harris  co.,  and  enters  Galveston  Bay 
(through  the  estuary  of  San  Jacinto  River)  about  20  milea 
(direct)  E.S.E.  of  Houston.  Steamboats  can  ascend  from 
its  mouth  to  Houston. 

Buffalo  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

Buffalo  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  oo.,  N.C. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southward  in  Washing- 
ton CO.,  and  enters  the  Oconee  River  where  the  Georgia 
Central  Railroad  crosses  that  river. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  southeastward,  drains 
parts  of  Buchanan,  Delaware,  and  Linn  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Wapsipinicon  River  at  Anamosa.  Length,  about  100 
miles. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Minnesota,  runs  eastward  through 
McLeod  CO.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Crow  River  at 
the  W.  border  of  Carver  co.     It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  westward  through 
Wilkinson  co.  into  the  Mississippi  River. 

Buffalo  Creek,  New  York,  is  formed  by  Cayuga, 
Cazenove,  and  Seneca  Creeks,  which  unite  in  Erie  co.  It 
runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  the  city  of 
Buffalo,  which  is  built  on  both  sides  of  this  creek. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward,  drains 
parts  of  Armstrong  and  Butler  cos.,  and  enters  the  Alle- 
ghany River  at  Freeport. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Perry  co..  Pa.,  runs  in  an  E.N.E. 
direction,  and  enters  the  Juniata  River  about  7  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Bloomfield. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Union  co..  Pa.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  at  Lewisburg. 

Buffalo  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co., 
Pa.,  about  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lewisburg. 

Buffalo  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Buffalo  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
9  miles  Si  of  Lexington. 

Buffalo  Fork  of  White  River  rises  in  Newton  co., 
Ark.,  runs  eastward  and  northeastward,  intersects  Searcy 
CO.,  and  enters  White  River  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state. 
It  is  nearly  125  miles  long. 

Buffalo  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Algona. 

Buffalo  Furnace,  a  village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Buffalo  Gap,  a  post-town  of  Custer  oo.,  S.D.,  56  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Chadron.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  several 
flour-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  800. 

Buffalo  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  oo.,  Tex.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Abilene.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  500. 

Buffalo  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  oo.,  Va.,  11 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Buffalo  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  111. 

Buffalo  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa, 
on  Buffalo  Creek,  8  miles  from  Winthrop  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill,  and  2  stores. 

Buffalo  Hart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  in 
Buffalo  Hart  township,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  638. 

Buffalo  Knob,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  oo..  Mo.,  in  Prairie- 
ville  township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  drug-store. 

Buffalo  Lake,  Wisconsin,  a  narrow  lake,  or,  properly, 
an  expansion  of  Neenah  River,  in  Marquette  oo.,  about  10 
miles  long,  communicates  with  Pacawa  Lake. 

Buffalo  Lake  (Fr.  Lae  du  Buffle,  l&k  dU  biiri),  th« 
name  of  three  lakes  of  British  North  America ;  one  in  lat 
66°  20'  N.,  Ion.  113°  W.,  another  in  lat.  56°  N.,  Ion.  113» 
45'  W.,  and  the  third  in  lat.  62°  15'  N.,  Ion,  112°  10'  W 

Buffalo  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Poinsett  oo..  Ark. 

Buffalo  Lick,  a  township  of  Chariton  oo..  Mo.  Pop. 
1267. 

Buffalo  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Roane  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Buffalo  Lith'ia  Springs,  apost- village  and  watering- 
place  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va.,  12  miles  £.  of  Scottsburg 
Railroad  Station,  and  110  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Buffalo  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24  miles 
N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  2  churches. 


BUF 


736 


BUK 


Buffalo  Mills,  a  post-oflBce  of  Rockbridge  oo.,  Va. 

Buffalo  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  in  the 
N.  part  of  Union  co.,  N.  of  Buffalo  Creek,  an  aflSuent  of  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susc[uehanna. 

Buffalo  Paper- Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleveland  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad  (Shelby  division),  50 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.    It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Buffalo  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  lat.  38°  59'  30"  N.,  Ion.  106"  1'  15"  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  13,541  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Buffalo  Plains,  formerly  a  post-village  of  Erie  co., 
K.Y.,  5  miles  from  the  city  of  Bufifalo,  but  now  forming  a 
part  of  the  12th  ward  of  that  city.  A  branch  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  passes  through  it.  It  has  a  church, 
an  almshouse,  and  a  manufactorj'  of  cement. 

Buffalo  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Rock  Island  co., 
ni.,  10  miles  E.  of  Muscatine,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Mississippi  River.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1291. 

Bufialora,  boof-fa-lo'r4,  or  Boffalora,  b6f-fi-lo'rl, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pavia, 
on  the  Ticino.     Pop.  1598. 

Buffalo  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  7  miles  N.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Buffalo  Ridge,  a  post-oflSce  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Buffalo  River,  of  Africa.    See  Umzintati. 

Buffalo  River,  Tennessee,  drains  parts  of  Lewis  and 
Wayne  cos.,  runs  northward  through  Perry  co.,  and  enters 
Duck  River  about  20  miles  from  its  mouth.  Length,  about 
100  miles. 

Buffalo  River  (or  Creek),  of  Wisconsin,  drains  the 
N.  part  of  Trempealeau  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  through 
Buffalo  CO.,  until  it  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  Alma. 

Buffalo  Rock,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<fe  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  La  Salle,  111. 

Buffalo  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in  Pat- 
ton  township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a 
church. 

Buffalo  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va., 
S  miles  from  Huntington.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Buffalo  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co..  Col.,  15 
miles  direct  E.  by  S.  of  Fair  Play,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Buffalo  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn., 
.!0  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.    It  has  several  churches  and  mills. 

Buf  faloville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  about 
1^6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church  and  sev- 
eral stores. 

Buffalo  Wallow,  Alabama.    See  Buffalo. 

Buff'ington,  a  post-oflBce  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo. 

Buffington,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.    Pop.  877. 

Buffon,  biirfiijo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfite-d'Or,  11 
miles  N.  of  Semur-en-Auxo5s.  It  has  iron-foundries.  The 
seigniory  of  this  village  belonged  to  the  illustrious  Buffon, 
and  was  by  him  erected  into  a  comti. 

Bu'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co..  Ark.,  6  miles  8. 
of  Mountain  Home,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Bnford,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  37  milei 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  newK)aper  oflBice,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  496. 

Buiord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
Riley's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill, 
and  3  stores. 

Bnford,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
township,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Bnford,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1158. 

Bnford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  69  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Bnford,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Cheyenne. 

Bnford's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Blackville.  Pop.  of 
Buford's  Bridge  township,  1385.     It  has  4  churches. 

Bu'fordville,  or  Buford's  Station,  a  hamlet  of 
Bedford  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, in  the  Blue  Ridge,  37  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It 
has  2  hotels  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bug,  Bong,  boog,  or  Bog  (anc.  Hyp'anis),  a  river  of 
Russia,  governments  of  Podolia  and  Kherson,  flows  mostly 
S.E.,  and  enters  the  estuary  of  the  Dnieper,  30  miles  W.  of 
Kherson.  Total  course,  340  miles.  AflSuents,  the  Siniookha, 
Radima,  and  Ingool.  The  towns  of  Bratslav,  Olviopol,  Vos- 
nesensk,  and  Nikolaiev  are  on  its  banks,  and  it  is  navigable 
from  the  sea  to  Vosnesensk. 

Bug,  Bong,  or  Bog,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  form- 
ing a  great  part  of  the  eastern  frontier  of  Poland,  rises  in 
ialicia,  near  Zloczow,  flows  generally  N.  to  Brest-Litovsk, 


and  thence  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Vistula  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Warsaw,  after  a  course  of  upwards  of  300  miles.  Chief 
affluents,  the  Mukhovetz,  Tsna,  and  Narew.  The  towns  of 
Zloczow,  Wlodawa,  Brest-Litovsk,  Drohitsin,  Wyszkow. 
Ac,  are  on  its  banks.  The  Brest-Litovsk  Canal,  which 
unites  the  Mukhovetz  and  Pira  Rivers,  connects  it  with 
the  Dnieper.  . 

Bnga,  boo'gi,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  the  United  ' 
States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cauca,  105  miles  N.N.E.  of  1 
Popayan.     Pop.  6600.  ' 

Bnga,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  the  United  StatA3  | 
of  Colombia,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Popayan.  ' 

Bugarach,  bii^gi^rish',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aude,  12  miles  S.  of  Limoux.     Pop.  790. 

Bugey,  bii^zhi',  a  small  territory  of  France,  in  the  old 
province  of  Burgundy,  now  comprised  in  the  department  of 
Ain.     Its  capital  was  Belley. 

Buggenhout,  biig'g§n-h5wt\  a  village  of  Belgium, 

frovince  of  Flanders,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Dendermonde. 
op.  4600. 

Buggiano,  bood-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lucca,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  10,706. 

Bughat,  bug^h&t',  a  Sikh  state,  in  India,  under  British         i 
protection,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Jumna  Rivers,  W.  of 
the  Sirmore  Valley.     The  surface  is  hilly.     Principal  forts, 
Rajghur  and  Tuxhal.     Pop.  3240, 

Bug  Hill,  port-township,  Columbus  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  513. 

Bughis  Bay,  in  Celebes.    See  Gulp  of  Boni. 

Bngia,  or  Bugiah,  a  town  of  Algiers.     See  Bovgiah. 

Bugis,  boo'gheez^,  a  people  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
chiefly  inhabiting  Macassar  and  Boni,  in  the  island  of  Cele- 
bes. They  are  muscular,  middle-sized,  and  of  a  light-brown 
color,  some  being  even  fair. 

Bugs'by's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Chili  township,  1\  miles  from  Chili  Station. 

Bugulma,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Boogoolma. 

Bugurnslan,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Boogoorooslan. 

Btihl,  bill,  a  village  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  6  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Colmar.     Pop.  2593. 

Btihl,  bill,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Carlsruhe,  on  the  railway  thence  to  Kehl.  Pop.  2838. 
It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  and  large  weekly  markets. 

Biihler,  bu'l^r,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ap- 
penzelj,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trogen.     Pop.  1605. 

Bnild'was,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the 
Severn,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  iron  bridge,  3i  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Wenlock.    Here  are  beautiful  remains  of  Build  was  Abbey. 

Builth,  or  Llan'fair,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of 
Wales,  00.  of  Brecon,  on  the  Wye,  12  miles  S.W.  of  New 
Radnor.     Pop.  1059. 

Bninsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Booinsk. 

Buironfosse,  bii'ee^r6N°^foss'  or  bwee^rino^foss',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Aisne,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Vervins.    P.  1400. 

Bnis,  or  Le  Buis,  l§h  bii-ee'  (or  bwee),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Dr&me,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Nyons.     Pop.  2350. 

Buitenpost,  boi't§n-post\  a  village  of  the  Nether 
lands,  Friesland,  16  miles  E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  919. 

Buitenslnis,  boi't§n-8lois\  or  Numansdorp,  noo'- 
mins-doRp^,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
25  miles  S.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2828. 

Buitenzorg,  boi'ten-zoRG\  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of 
the  province,  36  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  splen- 
did palace  of  the  governor-general,  a  prison,  and  one  of  the 
finest  botanic  gardens  in  the  world. 

Buitenzorg,  a  province  or  assistant-residency  of  the 
Dutch  in  Java.  It  comprises  one  of  the  healthiest  and 
pleasantest  parts  of  the  island.     Pop.  361,283. 

Bnitrago,  boo-ee-tri'go,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain,  40 
miles  N.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  825. 

Bujalance,  boo-Hi-lin'th4,  a  town  of  Spain,  17  miles 
E.  of  Cordova.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  college,  a  Latin 
school,  2  other  schools,  2  hospitals,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  woollens,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  8946. 

Bi^aleuf,  bii^zhi^luf ,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  18  miles  E.  of  Limoges,  on  the  Vienne,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Maude.     Pop.  2086.. 

Buk,  book,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  15  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Posen.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloth  and 
shoes.     Pop.  2670. 

Bukaa,  an  Arabic  name  of  C<ele-Syria.  j| 

Bukharest,  the  capital  of  Roumania.   See  Bucharest. 

Bukharia,  or  Bucharia,  bu-ki're-a,  a  name  given 
to  a  wide  extent  of  territory  in  Central  Asia,  comprising  the 
E.  part  of  Independent  Tartary  and  the  W.  part  of  Chinese 
Tartary,  the  latter  subdivision  being  called  Little  Bukharia. 

See  TooRKisTAN,  Bokhara,  Khokan. Adj.  and  inhab 

Bi  KHARiAN  or  Bucharian,  bu-ki'rc-an. 


BUK 


737 


UUL 


Bakhtarminsk,  Russia.    See  Bookhtarhtnsk. 

Bukit  Barisan,  Sumatra.    See  Bookit  Barisam. 

Bukken,  book'kfn,  an  island  of  Norway,  on  the  W. 
coast,  province  of  Christiansand,  lat.  59°  12'  N.,  Ion.  5°  22' 
E.,  witn  a  village  of  the  same  name.  The  Bukke  or  Bukken- 
Piord  is  an  arm  of  the  sea,  extending  about  35  miles  inland, 
with  a  breadth  of  from  10  to  15  miles. 

Bukkur,  biik'kilr,  written  also  Bukhu,  an  island  and 
fort  of  Sinde,  in  the  Indus,  between  the  towns  of  Roree  on 
the  E.  and  Sukkur  on  the  W.  bank,  165  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Hyderabad.     Lat.  27°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  6S°  52'  E. 

Bnkkur,  or  Bhakkar,  biik'kilr,  a  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, India,  district  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dera  Ismaeel 
Khan.     Pop.  5554. 

Bnkowma,  or  Bukovina,  boo^ko-vee'nS,,  a  duchy  or 
orown-land  of  the  Austrian  Empire  (Cisleithanian  division), 
bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  Galioia,  E.  by  Russia  and  Rou- 
mania,  S.  by  Moldavia,  and  W.  by  Hungary  and  Transyl- 
vania. Area,  4036  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  province, 
with  extensive  forests,  and  the  name  itself  is  derived  from 
the  abundance  of  beech-trees.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  is 
Duke  of  Bukowina,  and  the  immediate  head  of  govern- 
ment is  called  the  president.  Two-fifths  of  the  people  are 
Ruthenians,  and  of  the  remainder  a  large  majority  are 
Roumanians.     Capital,  Czernowitz.     Pop.  in  1890,  646,591. 

Bu'la^  a  post-village  of  Qoochland  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
S.W.  from  Fredericks  Hall  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Bulacan,  boo-li-k&n',  a  town  of  Luzon,  in  the  Philip- 
pine Islands,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
river  Bulacan,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Manila.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  sugar,  silks,  and  carpets.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

BUlach,  bii'l&K,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1655. 

Balak,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Boolak. 

Bulama,  boo-l&'m&,  one  of  the  Bissagos  Islands,  Africa, 
20  miles  S.  of  Bissao.  Lat.  11°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  33'  W.  It 
is  about  20  miles  in  length  by  10  miles  in  breadth.  Pre- 
vious to  1794  it  was  the  site  of  a  British  settlement,  but  it 
is  now  claimed  by  Portugal. 

Bulandshahr,  a  town  of  India.    See  Boolundshahur. 

Bulavadeen,  or  Bulavadin,  boo-li-vi-deen',  writ- 
ten also  Bolavadin  (anc.  Polyb'otua),  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  28  miles  E.N.E,  of  Afioom.  Pop.  3000,  who  are  all 
Mohammedans. 

Bulga,  bool'gi,  a  mountain  and  town  of  Abyssinia,  in 
Shoa,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ankober. 

Bulgaria,  boSl-gi're-a  (Fr.  Bulgarie,  biiPgi^ree' ; 
Ger.  Bul(jarien,  bool-gi'r§-4n ;  anc.  Mw'sia  Infe'rior),  a 
principality  of  Europe, — since  1885  including  Eastern 
Roumelia  and  extending  between  lat.  41°  30'  and  44°  20' 
N.  and  Ion.  22°  40'  and  28°  40'  E,  It  is  separated  N.  by 
the  Danube  from  Roumania,  having  S.  Turkey,  W.  Servia, 
and  E.  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  37,860  square  miles.  Capital, 
Sophia.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  Centre,  level  in  the 
north,  generally  well  wooded,  and  abounding  with  rich 
pasture.  Principal  river,  the  Danube,  with  its  tributaries, 
the  Isker,  Vid,  Jantra  (or  Yantra),  and  Osma,  and  the 
Kamchik  and  Pravadi,  which  enter  the  Black  Sea.  Chief 
products,  cattle,  tallow,  hides,  hemp,  flax,  skins,  timber, 
and  attar  of  roses.  In  the  vicinity  of  Silistria  a  surplus 
of  corn  is  produced,  but  in  some  other  parts  the  rearing  of 
live-stock  is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  The  Bulgarians 
are  by  many  authors  assigned  to  the  Finnish  race,  while 
others  consider  them  Slavic.  They  are  doubtless  of  mixed 
descent;  but  their  language  is  essentially  South  Slavic,  with 
copious  Turkish  elements.  Of  the  total  pop.  (3,154,375  in 
1888),  some  2,326,250  are  Bulgarians ;  the  rest  being  Circas- 
sians, Roumanians,  Jews,  Armenians,  Albanians,  Gypsies, 
Ac.  The  Bulgarians  are  chiefly  of  the  Greek  faith ;  but 
some  are  Mohammedans,  and  a  part  are  Catholics  (United 
Bulgarians),  of  a  special  branch  called  the  Bulgarian  rite. 
They  manufacture  common  woollens,  rifle-barrels,  and  mo- 
rocco leather,  in  addition  to  their  rural  occupations,  and 
are  favorably  distinguished  by  industrious  habits  from  the 
Turks,  by  whom  they  have  been  much  oppressed.  From 
the  seventh  century  till  1018,  and  again  from  1196  to  the 
middle  of  the  fourteenth  century,  Bulgaria  formed  an  in- 
dependent kingdom ;  but  it  then  became  subject  to  Hungary, 
and  was  finally  conquered  by  the  Turks  in  1392.  In  1878 
the  Congress  of  Berlin  made  Bulgaria  an  autonomio  princi- 
pality, tributary  to  Turkey  but  to  be  ruled  by  a  Christian 
prince,  the  N.E.  part  (the  Dobrudja)  being  given  to  Rou- 
mania. In  January,  1886,  Eastern  Roumelia  (which  see) 
was  added  to  Bulgaria,  under  the  name  of  South  Bul- 
garia.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Bulgarian,  bfi51-gi're-an. 

Bulger,  bul'j^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 


in  Smith  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad^ 
23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
Bulger's  Mills,  a  post-oflBce  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala. 

Bulgn^ville,  bUrHaVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1808. 

Bu'Iin's  Si'ding,  a  station  in  Weld  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Boulder  Valley  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Boulder. 

Bulkley,  Illinois.    See  Buckley. 

BuU'ard's,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Twiggs  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Macon. 

Bullard's  Bar,  a  post-oflSce  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal. 

Bnllas,  bool'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  W.  of  Mur 
cia.     Pop.  4470.     It  has  many  Roman  remains. 

Bull  Creek,  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.,  enters  White  River 
near  the  middle  of  the  county. 

Bnlle,  bSdl'^h,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  14 
miles  S.  of  Freiburg.  It  is  on  a  railway,  and  is  the  chief 
entrepSt  for  GruySre  cheese.     Pop.  2274. 

Butlers  of  Buchan,  bul'l^rz  ov  buK'an,  a  small  fish- 
ing village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Aberdeen.  Close  by  the  village  is  the  natural  curiosity 
called  the  Bullers  of  Buchan,  a  group  of  singular  rocks  and 
seaworn  caverns. 

Bulles,  bull,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Oise,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  966. 

Bull  Head,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Bullina,  bool-yee'ni  or  boo-lee'n4,  a  small  stream  of 
Yucatan,  falls  into  the  sea  opposite  Cancun  Islanal,  near  21° 
N.  lat.  and  87°  W.  Ion. 

Bullion,  bSSl'yiin,  a  mining  post-village  of  Elko  co., 
Nov.,  28  miles  S.W.  from  Elko.  Pop.  about  200.  Bullion 
Station,  in  Eureka  co.,  is  on  the  Eureka  <fc  Palisade  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.  of  Palisade,  and  several  miles  W.  of  Bullion. 

Bullion,  a  post- village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Clinton 
township,  1  mile  from  Kennerdell,  and  3  miles  from  Scrub 
Grass  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  sev- 
eral oil-wells,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  the  oil  business. 

BuUionville,  b661'yiin-vll,  a  mining  camp  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Nev.,  on  the  Nevada  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  from 
Pioche.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Bullitt,  b551'it,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  adjacent  to  the 
Ohio  River,  has  an  area  of  about  272  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Salt  River  and  its  East  Fork.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  <fc 
Nashville  Railroad.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  it.  Capital,  Shep- 
herdsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  7781;  in  1880,  8521;  in  1890, 
8291. 

Bullitt's  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Concordia 
parish.  La. 

Bull  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Bull'och  or  Bnll'ock,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  903  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Cannouohee  River,  whose  affluents  water  the 
county.  The  surface  is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
sugar-cane,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  capital 
is  Statesborough,  which  is  the  terminus  of  the  only  railroad 
that  enters  into  the  heart  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
5610;  in  1880,  8063;  in  1890,  13,712. 

Bull'ochville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
6  miles  S.  of  Greeneville,  the  capital  of  the  county,  on  the 
line  of  the  Greeneville  &  Columbia  Railroad. 

Bull'ock,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  sources  of  Pea  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  or 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash, 
cypress,  hickory,  white  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  2  branches  of  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  which  meet  and  cross  each  other  at  Union 
Springs,  the  capital  of  the  county.  These  branches  run 
from  N.E.  to  S.  and  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  respectively.  Pop. 
in  1879,  24,474;  in  1880,  29,066;  in  1890,  27,063. 

Bullock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  24  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Bullock  Creek,  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3068.     It  includes  Blairsville. 

Bullock's  Corners,  a  village  in  Wentworth  co.,  On- 
tario, i  mile  from  Dundas.  It  contains  grist-,  flouring-, 
and  cotton-batting-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Bull  Pond,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2400. 

Bull  Run,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Fairfax  and  Prince  William  cos.  until  it 
enters  the  Ooooquan  River,  14  miles  from  its  mouth.     Thif» 


11 


Bttli 


738 


BUN 


itream  gives  ita  name  to  two  battles :  the  first  was  fought 
July  21,  1861 ;  the  second,  August  29  and  30,  1862.  In 
both  actions  the  Union  army  was  defeated. 

Bull  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Heiskell's  Station,  12  miles 
N.  of  Knoxville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Bull  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
(direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Fairfax  Court-House,  and  9  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Fairfax  Station.     It  has  a  few  8to^e^:,  <fcc. 

Bull's  Bay,  or  BabonI  Bay,  a  bay  of  Newfound- 
land, in  Lat.  47°  25'  N.,  Ion.  52°  20'  W.    See  Bay  Bitlls. 

Bull's  Bay,  a  large  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Charleston 
oo^S.C,  between  Bull's  Island  and  Raccoon  Keys. 

Bull's  Ferry,  a  village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in  Wee- 
hawken  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  4  miles  N. 
of  Hoboken.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  brewery. 

Bull's  Gap,  or  Rogersville  Junction,  a  post-oflSce 
and  station  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  "Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Rogers- 
ville  &  Jefferson  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Morristown. 

Bull's  Head,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

Bull's  Island,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  at 
Raven  Rock  (which  see),  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.W.  of  Lambertville.  Near  it  is  an  island 
of  the  same  name,  in  the  Delaware  River. 

BuU'skin,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1657. 

Bull's  Mills,  Delaware.     See  Pepper's  Store. 

Bull  SAvamp,  a  post-township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C., 
18  miles  from  Lexington  Court-House.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop.  933. 

Bull'town,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in  Posey 
township,  6  iii'les  "W.  of  Laurel.     It  has  a  stone-quarry. 

Bnlltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  48 
miles  from  Clarksburg.     It  has  salt-works. 

Bull'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Middletown  &  Crawford  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Middle- 
town.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bulola,  boo-lo'li,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
which  enters  the  Atlantic  opposite  the  Bissagos  Islands. 

Bulola,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on  a  branch  of  Bulola 
River,  60  miles  from  the  sea;  lat.  11°  31'  N.,  Ion.  14°  20'  W, 

Bulsaur,  buPsawr',  Bulsar,  or  Balsar,  biirsar',  a 
town  of  British  India,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  district  and 
42  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Surat.  It  has  cotton-mills  and  a  good 
trade  by  sea.     Pop.  11,675. 

Bulstrode,  or  Sainte  Valerie  de  Bulstrode,  s&xt 
viMiVee'  deb  booPstrSd',  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co., 
Quebec,  on  Wolfe  River,  with  a  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad  (Three  Rivers  Branch),  11  miles  from  Arthabaska. 
It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Bulsun,  biirsun',  a  Sikh  state  of  Northern  India,  under 
British  protection,  between  the  Sutlej  and  the  Jumna,  in  lat. 
31°  N.,  Ion.  77°  B.     Pop.  4892. 

Bniti,  biirtee',  Balti,  Bailee,  b&l'tee',  Bultistan, 
or  Baltistan,  bfirte-stin',  called  also  Little  Thibet, 
and  Iskardoh,  is-kar-do',  a  state  of  Central  Asia,  a  de- 
pendency of  Cashmere,  but  N.  of  the  Himalayas,  between 
lat.  34°  40'  and  35°  30'  N.,  Ion.  74°  40'  and  76°  20'  E., 
and  surrounded,  except  on  the  S.W.,  by  the  Chinese  domin- 
ions. Area,  estimated  at  12,000  square  miles.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  76,000.  It  consists  of  a  part  of  the  upper  valley 
of  the  Indus,  having  a  general  elevation  of  6000  or  7000  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  enclosed  by  mountains  which  rise  6000 
or  8000  feet  higher.  The  climate  is  very  cold  in  winter,  and 
the  soil  requires  careful  culture  to  enable  it  to  produce  corn, 
Ac. ;  European  fruits  are,  however,  plentiful.  The  animals 
comprise  the  sha,  large-horned  goat,  sheep,  musk-deer,  and 
ibex  ;  arsenic  and  sulphur  are  among  the  mineral  products. 
The  inhabitants  are  of  Mongolian  race,  and  Mohammedans 
of  the  Sheeah  sect ;  until  the  late  Sikh  conquest  they  lived 
under  a  hereditary  chief,  termed  the  gylfo.  The  principal 
town  is  Iskardoh. 

Bulubgurh,  or  Bulabgarh,  biirub-gfiR',  written  also 
BulMumghur',  atown  of  the  Delhi  district,  British  India, 
29  miles  S.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  6281. 

Bnlwer,  bSSl'wer,  a  post-village  in  Compton  CO.,  Que- 
bec. 9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  160. 

Bulwudun,  or  Bulawadin.    See  Bulavadeen. 

Bumm,  a  fortified  town  of  Persia.     See  Bam. 

Bumpass,  bam'pas,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Louisa 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  45  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Richmond.     Fine  tobacco  is  shipped  here. 

Bum'pus  Ittills,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn. 

Bunahee,  bfin'i-hee',  a  town  of  British  India,  30 
•iles  S.P.E.  of  Ajmeer. 

Bunaisor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhobaneser. 

Bunarbashi,  Asia  Minor.    See  Boonakbashek. 


Bu^nasar',  a  small  river  of  Morocco,  which  dischargei 
its  waters  into  a  lake  20  miles  N.W.  of  Mequinez. 

Bunawe,  biin-aw',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Inverary.  It  has  a  quay  on  Loch  Etive, 
a  salmon-fishery,  and  iron-works. 

Bunce'ton,  a  post-village  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  of  Boonville.     It  has  a  church  and  the  Parish  Institute. 

Bunch,  a  post-office  of  Davis  ca,  Iowa,  at  Paris  Rail- 
road Station. 

Bunch's  Switch,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah 
Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Bnnck'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Homochitto  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville. 

Buncombe,  bung'kom,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  628  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River,  and  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains  and  valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Asheville,  situated  at  the  junction  of  several 
branches  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  which 
traverse  this  county  N.,  S.,  E.,  and  W,  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,412;  in  1880,  21,909;  in  1890,  35,266. 

Buncombe,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  111. 

Buncombe,  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  oo.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Buncombe,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  201. 

Buncombe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Wis.,  is  at 
or  near  Gillett's  Station  of  the  Galena  &  Southern  Wiscon- 
sin Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Galena. 

Buncombe  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark., 
8  miles  from  Walnut  Ridge  Railroad  Station. 

Buncra'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 
Lough  Swilly,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Londonderry.    Pop.  117. 

Bund,  Switzerland.     See  Grisons. 

Bundala,  boon-d&'l&,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Amritsir 
district.     Pop.  6287. 

Bfinde,  biin'd^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hanover,  5 
miles  N.  of  Weener.     Pop.  1767. 

Biinde,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Westphalia, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Herford.     Pop.  2052. 

Bundelcund,  Bundlecund,  or  Bandelkand, 
bunM^l-kiind',  also  written  Bundelkhand,  boonM^I- 
kiind',  a  territory  of  the  North-Westem  Provinces,  India, 
partly  belonging  to  the  British,  and  partly  to  native  chieft 
tributary  to  the  British,  mostly  between  lat.  24°  and 
26°  26'  N.  and  Ion.  78°  and  81°  33'  E.,  having  W.  the 
Gwalior  dominions,  and  on  other  sides  various  petty  ter- 
ritories and  districts.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Vindhyan 
Mountains.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dussaun,  Betwah, 
and  Cane,  tributaries  of  the  Jumna,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  N.  The  chief  towns  are  Jhansi,  Bandah,  and  Chatter 
poor.     In  it  are  the  diamond-mines  of  Panna. 

Bundemeer,  or  Bundemir,  bun-de-meer'  (anc. 
Arax'e»),  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  enters  Lake 
Bakhtegan  about  65  miles  E.  of  Sheeraz,  after  a  S.E.  course 
of  150  miles.     It  is  rapid,  and  often  inundates  its  banks. 

Bnnder,  biin'd^r,  or  Bander  ("  a  port  or  anchorage"), 
is  the  name  of  many  small  bays  on  the  coasts  of  Arabia  and 
elsewhere  in  Southwestern  Asia. 

Bunder- Abbassee,  Persia.    See  Gk)MBR00H.  i 

Bunder  Boshavir,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Bushire. 

Bun'der  (or  Ban'der)  Sheikh  (shi'ik),  a  small  port 
of  Southern  Arabia,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Aden. 

Bnnder  (or  Bander)  Yik^ur',  a  seaport  and  village 
of  Sinde,  in  the  delta  of  the  Indus,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Kur- 
rachee.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Bnndi,  a  state  and  city  of  Hindostan.     See  Boondee. 

Bun'doran,  a  village  and  watering-place  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  Donegal  Bay,  and  on  a 
railway,  4^  miles  S.W.  of  Ballyshannon.    Resident  pop.  744. 

Bundroes,  biind^roz',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Don- 
egal, about  1  mile  W.S.W.  of  Bundoran. 

Bundwara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhondara. 

Bundysburg,  biin'diz-bilrg,  a  post-office  and  station  ia  tj 
Geauga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  ^ 
31  miles  N.W.  of  Youngstown. 

Bundy's  Crossing,  a  post- hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y , 
on  the  Oswego  River,  and  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church. 

Bun'gay,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Suff'olk,  on 
the  Waveney,  and  on  a  railway,  30^  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ipswich. 
It  has  a  market-place,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  bath-house, 
branch  banks,  some  manufactures  of  hemp,  and  a  trade,  by 
the  Waveney,  in  corn,  malt,  coal,  lime,  &c.     Pop.  3832. 


BUN 


r    '  r     f    *^ 


BUR 


Bung'er's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  from  Ronccvorte.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Bnnkara  River,  Colorado.    See  Grand  River. 

Bunk'er  Hill,  a  post-town  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of 
St.  Louisi,  Mo.,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  bank, 
8  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  a  public  school, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  steel  nails,  and  cider,  with  coal- 
mines and  fruit-drying  establishments.     Pop.  1269. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Pipe  Creek  township,  on  Pipe  Creek,  and  on  the  Indian- 
apolis, Peru  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  where  it  crosses  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  <t  St  Louis  Railroad,  67  miles  N.  of 
Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  800. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Russell.  It  has  a  bank  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  167. 

Banker  Hill,  a  celebrated  height  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  (now  a  part  of  Boston),  famous,  in  connection  with 
Breed's  Hill,  as  the  place  where  a  battle  was  fought  between 
the  British  and  American  forces,  June  17, 1775.  A  granite 
shaft  220  feet  high,  erected  on  Breed's  Hill  to  commemorate 
this  battle,  is  known  as  Bunker  Hill  Monument. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich., 
about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  contains  a  hamlet 
named  Fitchburg,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  925. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Miss. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
W.  by  N.  from  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  9  miles 
W.  from  Hamilton. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Swatara  River,  and  on  the  Lebanon  <fc  Tremont  Branch 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  E.  from  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  village  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville.     Is  has  large  potteries. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  from  Liberty.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
11  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Martinsburg.     It  has  4  churches. 

Bunker's  Island,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Jarvis  Island. 

Bunma'hon,  or  Bonma'hon,  a  maritime  village  of 
Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Waterford. 
Pop.  602.     Near  it  are  the  mines  of  Knockmahon. 

Bun'ner's,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bunnoo,  or  Banu,  biin^noo',  a  district  of  British 
India,  in  the  Punjab,  lat.  33°  15'-32o  11'  N,,  Ion.  72° 
l'-70°  27'  E.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Indus.  Area,  3148 
square  miles.  It  is  fertile  in  grain,  cotton,  and  sugar-cane. 
Pop.  287,547. 

Bunnoo,  Banu,  or  Ed^wardesabad',  a  town  of 
India,  in  the  above,  95  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peshawer.    Pop.  3185. 

Bunn's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Tex.,  is  on 
the  Neches  River,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Beaumont. 

Bunn's  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  oo.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  N.E,  from  Manchester  Station. 

Buiiol,  boon-yJ5l',  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Valencia.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper.  Pop.  5000.  Near 
it  are  some  remarkable  stalactitic  caves. 

Buiiola,  boon-yo'li,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palma,     Pop.  2500. 

Bun'tingford,  a  market-town  of  England,  oo.  of 
Herts,  on  a  railway,  llj  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hertford. 

Buntwalla,  bfint-wfil'ia,  a  town  of  British  India,  pres- 
idency of  Madras,  16  miles  E.  of  Mangalore. 

Bun'tyn,  ahamletof  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis 
A  Charleston  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  In  the 
vicinity  are  residences  of  persons  doing  business  in  Memphis. 

Buntzlau,  b5ontz'15w,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober.  It  has  a  large 
orphan  asylum,  a  normal  school,  and  manufactures  of 
earthenware  and  hosiery.     Pop.  9960. 

Buntzlau,  towns  of  Bohemia.  See  Alt-Buntzlau  and 

Jtl.VG-BoNTZLAU. 

Bun'wool,  or  Bon'go,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in  the  great  southern  inlet  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  7°  14'  N.  : 
Ion.  124°  10'  E. 

Bnochs,  boo-ox'  or  bwoks,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Unterwalden.  on  the  S.  of  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.    Pop.  1524. 

Buonabitalco,  boo-6n'&-be-t4rko,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  9  miles  S.  of  Sala.     Pop.  2906. 

Buonalbergo,  boo-in'il-bSR'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
'nee  of  Benevento,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3441. 


Buonconvento,  boo-6n'kon-v4n'to,  a  village  of  Italy 
province  and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Siena,  on  the  Ombrone 
Pop.  3408. 

Ilurabola,  a  mountain  of  Ireland.    See  Binabola. 

Burada,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Barrada. 

Burano,  boo-ri'no,  an  island  and  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  in  the  Adriatic,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.     Pop.  4699. 

Buras,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  70  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Bura^oon,  or  Burasjun,  boo^ris-joon',  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Ears,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bushire. 

Bur'bage's  Mill,  a  station  on  the  Brunswick  4  Albany 
Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Brunswick,  Qa. 

Bur'bank,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Willmar.     Pop.  371. 

Burbank,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  in  Canaan 
township,  30  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  258. 

Burbank,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Vermilion.  It 
has  a  church,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  grain-elevator.  Pop. 
160. 

Burch'ard,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Pawnee  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Burch's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Algoma 
township,  19  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  150. 

Bar'den,  a  city  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Winfield.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  1 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  508. 

Bur'dett',  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lamed.  It  has  4  church  organizations 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Burdett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles 
from  Freeman  Railroad  Station. 

Bur'dette',  or  Bur'dett',  a  post- village  of  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hector  township,  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Sen- 
eca Lake,  22  miles  N.  of  Elmira,  and  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Watkins  Glen.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  450. 

Burdette,  a  post-village  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  13  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Miller.     It  has  a  church. 

Bur'dick,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Porter  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  45  miles 
from  Chicago. 

Bur'dickville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Glen  Lake,  near  Lake  Michigan,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Traverse  City.     Firewood  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Burdickville,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  55. 

Bur'diehonse,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3i  mile? 
S.  of  Edinburgh.  Here  many  fossil  fishes  and  plants  of  the 
coal  formation  are  found  in  the  limestone. 

Burdigala,  the  ancient  name  of  Bordeaux. 

Burdur,or  Bourdour,  boorMoor',  written  also  Boul> 
dour,  a  large  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Anatolia,  68 
miles  N.  of  Adalia. 

BurdAvan,  or  Bardwdn,  biirdV6n',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  district,  74  miles  by  railway  N.W.  of  Cal- 
cutta. It  has  the  palace  and  gardens  of  the  Maharajah  of 
Burdwan,  and  a  group  of  108  temples;  also  a  dispensary,  a 
newspaper,  and  several  schools.  Pop.,  with  immediate 
suburbs,  32,321. 

Burdwan,  or  Bardwdn  (anc.  Vardaman,  "pro- 
ductive"), a  district  of  Bengal,  enclosed  by  the  Santal 
Pergunnahs,  Beerbhoom,  Moorshedabad,  Nuddea,  Hoogly, 
Midnapoor,  Bancoorah,  and  Manbhoom.  Area,  3523  square 
miles.     Capital,  Burdwan.     Pop.  2,034,745. 

The  division  of  Burdwan  includes  the  above,  also  Midna- 
poor, Hoogly,  Beerbhoom,  and  Bancoorah  districts.  Area, 
12,719  square  miles.    Capital,  Hoogly.    Pop.  7,286,957. 

Bure,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Norfolk,  flows  S.E., 
and  joins  the  Yare  at  Yarmouth.    Length,  40  miles. 

Bureau,  ba'ro,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Illinois  River,  intersected  by  Green  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Spoon  River  and  Bureau  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Princeton.  The 
scarcity  of  timber  is  compensated  by  beds  of  bituminous 
coal  which  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
32,415;  in  1880,  32,172;  in  1890,  35,014. 

Bureau,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  HI.,  about  5 
miles  N.  of  Hennepin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  363. 

Bureau  Creek,  Illinois    rises  in  Lee  co.,  and  nuu 


BUR 


740 


BUR 


wuthwestward  to  the  middle  of  Bureau  oo.  It  next  turns 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  at  Hennepin.  It  is 
about  65  miles  long.  -ni    »    *i. 

Bureau  Sidings,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  III.,  in  tne 
extreme  S.E.  corner  of  the  county,  22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Dixon.  It  has  several  stores  and  general  business  houses. 
Bu-Regreb,  a  river  of  Morocco.  See  Boo-Regreb. 
Bn'rem's  Store,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Holston  River,  6  miles  from  Rogersville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  stores,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  chairs, 
Ac.     The  river  here  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Blir'en,  bii'r^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  10 
miles  E.  of  Soest,  on  the  Alme.     Pop.  2133. 

Bfiren,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Bern,  on  the  Aar.     Pop.  1163. 

Bnren,  bu'r^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Gelderland,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Thiel.     Pop.  1911. 

Bn'ren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Notley 
River,  about  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Blairsville. 
Bnrendo  Pass,  Himalaya  Mountains.  See  Brooang. 
Bareng,  bur-8ng',  Bereng,  b§r-Sng',  or  Breng, 
br^ng,  a  valley  of  Cashmere,  extending  from  S.E.  to  N.W., 
between  lat.  33°  20'  and  33°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  75°  10'  and 
75°  26'  E.,  containing  numerous  subterraneous  water-chan- 
nels, and  abounding  in  springs  of  great  force  and  volume. 

Bnr'ford,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  free  school,  a 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  rugs,  saddlery,  Ac.  It  gives  the 
title  of  earl  to  the  Duke  of  St.  Albans.     Pop.  1403. 

Bur'ford,  or  Clear'mont,  a  post-village  in  Brant 
CO.,  Ontario,  9  miles  from  Brantford.  It  contains  3  churches, 
5  stores,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  600. 

Bur'ford's,  a  station  in  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Lynchburg.  Here 
is  Harris  Creek  Post-Office. 

Bur'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo.. 
Mo.,  8  miles  from  Laflin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour- 
ing-mill. 

Bnrg,  b55Rg,  or  Le  Bonrg,  l^h-booR,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Basel. 

Bnrg,  b65RG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ihle.  It  has  numerous 
woollen-factories,  a  machine-factory,  foundry,  dye-works, 
»nd  manufactures  of  glue  and  snuff,  with  3  Protestant 
churches,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  hospital.  Pop-  16,184. 
Bnrg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Wipper,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  1599. 

Bnrg,  a  maritime  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswiok-Holstein, 
on  the  island  of  Femem.  Pop.  2443.  Burg  is  also  the 
name  of  several  villages  in  Denmark,  Austria,  Switzerland, 
and  the  Netherlands. 
Burgas,  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia.  See  BooReHAS. 
Burgan,  bS5R'g5w,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2071. 

Bnrgan,  a  village  jof  Styria,  on  the  Hungarian  fron- 
tier, 29  miles  E.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  1174. 

Bnr'gaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Wilmington  &,  Weldon  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of 
Wilmington.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Bnrgberg,  the  German  for  Ditro-Varhegt. 
Bnrgbernheim,  boSRo'bSRn^hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Anspach.     It  has  a  good  trade  in 
cattle,  and  several  tanneries.     Pop.  1770. 
Bnrg,  Be,  a  town  of  the  Netnerlands.    See  De  Burg. 
Burgdorf,  b55RQ'doRf  (Fr.  Berthoud,  bflR-too'),  atown 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bern,  on 
the  Emmen.     Pop.  5078.     It  has  a  castle,  formerly  a  place 
of  strength,  a  library,  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  ribbons 
and  silk.     Near  it  are  the  baths  of  Sommerhaus. 

Bnrgdorf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the  Aa, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Celle.     Pop.  3025. 

Bnrgeo,  biir'ghe-o,  a  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  on 
one  of  the  Burgeo  Islands ;  capital  of  the  district  of  Burgeo 
and  La  Poile.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a  valuable  fishery, 
and  is  much  resorted  to  by  vessels  for  supplies.  Pop.  650. 
Bnrgeo  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  British  North 
America,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lat.  (S.W. 
point)  47°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  57°  44'  W. 

Bnr'gess,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 
Burgess,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 
Burgess,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  7  miles  S. 
jf  Petersburg. 

Burgess'  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
x>.,  Va.,  near  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Point  Look- 
out.    It  has  a  church. 
Bnr'gessville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario, 


11  miles  S.S.E.  from  Woodstock.     It  contains  a  woollen- 
factory  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Bnrg'ettstowD,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union 
school,  an  academy,  a  printing-office,  and  manufactures  of 
coaches,  flour,  oil-tanks,  and  furniture.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  (1890)  929. 

Burghas,  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia.   See  Boorghas. 

Bnrghaun,  b56RG'h5wn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  11  miles  N.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Haun.     Pop.  1149. 

Burghausen,  b35RG-h6w'z§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Bavaria,  on  the  Salzach,  58  miles  E.  of  Munich.  It  has 
breweries,  manufactures  of  cloth,  and  trade  in  leather  and 
salt.     Pop.  3131. 

Burgh'-Head,  a  maritime  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Elgin.     Pop.  1308. 

Burgh  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Ver 
non  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad, 
43  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville,  Pa.,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Youngstown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bnrgh-in«the'Marsli,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Lincoln,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  branch  bank.     Pop.  of  parish,  1236. 

Burgh-  (briif)  on-the-Sands,  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Cumberland,  6  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  A 
pillar  here  marks  the  place  where  King  Edward  I.  died, 
A.D.  1307.  (Several  of  the  Burghs  of  England  are  pro- 
nounced briif  in  popular  parlance.) 

Burghora,  bQRG'hoRn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  near  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1885. 

Burgi,  the  Latin  for  Burgos. 

Bnrg'in,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Harrodsburgh,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  303. 

Bnrgio,  booR'jo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  district  of  Bivona,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  5063. 

Bnrgk,  b36Rk,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1199. 

Burgk,  a  hamlet  of  Reuss-Greiz,  4  miles  N.  of  Saalburg, 
on  the  Saale,  with  a  castle  of  the  princes  of  Reuss.  Near 
it  are  the  important  iron-mines  of  Burgkhammer.     P.  196. 

Burgkunstadt,  bddRG-k55n'stitt,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Main,  and  on  a  railway,  with  a  castle  and  beer- 
breweries,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1248. 

Btirglen,  bilRG'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Uri,  li  miles  E.  of  Altorf,  and  deserving  notice  as  the  re- 

Sated  birthplace  of  William  Tell.     Near  it  is  the  chapel  of 
fotre  Dame  of  Loretto,  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage. 
Btirglen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau, 

12  miles  E.  of  Frauenfeld,  with  an  ancient  castle.     Pop, 
1160. 

Burglengenfeld,  b55RO'leng-§n-f51t\  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, 15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2829. 

Burgo,  booR'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles  W.  of  Malaga, 
on  the  Ardales.  Pop.  3018.  In  its  environs  are  ruins  of  a 
Roman  amphitheatre. 

Bnrgo  de  Osma,  booR'go  di  os'mi,  a  town  of  Spain, 
28  miles  W.  of  Soria,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Osma.     Pop.  2607. 

Bnrgolium,  the  ancient  name  for  Bourgueil. 

Bnr^goon',  a  post- village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  A  Louisville  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Fremont ;  also  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  A  East- 
em  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  a  church,  an 
elevator,  a  fine  hotel,  Ac. 

Burgos,  booR'goce,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
between  lat.  41°  32'  and  43°  19'  N.  Area,  7082  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  very  elevated,  and  is  traversed  by  a 
series  of  mountain-ranges.     Pop.  357,846. 

Burgos,  booR'goce  (L.  Bur'gi),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital 
of  the  above  province  and  of  Old  Castile,  on  the  Arlanzon, 
and  on  the  railway  from  Valladolid  to  Bayonne,  130  miles 
N.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  42°  20'  28"  N.;  Ion.  3°  44'  35"  W. 
The  town  is  clean  and  handsome,  but  damp  and  cold,  with 
many  characteristics  of  an  old  Castilian  city ;  it  is  built  in 
an  irregular  semicircle,  portions  of  its  old  walls  remaining 
on  the  side  of  the  river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  three  fine 
stone  bridges.  All  the  streets  have  good  side  pavements. 
Places  of  promenade  are  numerous,  but  the  one  most  fre- 
quented is  the  Espolon,  which  is  laid  out  in  spacious  walks. 
Burgos,  up  to  the  commencement  of  the  sixteenth  century- 
shared  with  Toledo  the  honor  of  being  the  royal  residence ; 
and  its  public  buildings  attest  its  former  greatness.  The 
most  remarkable  structure  is  the  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  of  the  kind  in  Europe.  It  was  commenced  ia 
1221.  on  the  site  of  a  royal  palace  which  Ferdinand  III. 


I 


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741 


BUR 


gave  up  for  that  purpose,  but  was  not  finished  for  several 
centuries.  Burgos  has  numerous  other  churches  and  a 
Franciscan  convent  worthy  of  notice,  a  nunnery  with  pecu- 
liar privileges,  a  castle,  now  in  rains,  various  hospitals  and 
shantable  institutions,  a  bronze  statue  of  Charles  III.  in  a 
square  surrounded  by  arcades,  besides  a  triumphal  arch  in 
memory  of  Ferdinand  Gonzales,  and  a  monument  to  "  the 
Cid."  Burgos  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a  col- 
lege, a  school  of  surgery,  and  some  manufactures  of  leather, 
woollens,  and  hats.  Its  trade  in  manufactured  goods  and 
its  fairs,  Ac,  have,  however,  greatly  declined.  Before  the 
removal  of  the  court  to  Madrid,  Burgos  contained  thrice 
its  present  population.  The  Peninsular  War,  during  which 
the  possession  of  it  was  repeatedly  and  keenly  contested, 
added  greatly  to  its  disasters,  but  of  late  years  it  has  in- 
creased somewhat  in  population.     Pop.  24,246. 

Bnr'goyne',  or  Stark's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  23  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  180. 

Bnrgstadt,  b55RG'st4tt,  a  town  of  Saxony,  35  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Leipsic.  It  has  manufactures  of  stockings 
and  linens ;  and  woollen-  and  cotton-printing.     Pop.  4628. 

Biirgstein,  bilRG'stine,  or  Birkstein,  bSenk'stine,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.  It 
is  the  depot  for  the  sale  of  glasswares. 

Burgsteinfurt,  a  town  of  Westphalia.  See  Steinfurt. 

Burgthal,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Burg-. 

Burguete,  booR-gi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Pamplona,  in  the  valley  of  Roncesvalles. 
Here  Charlemagne  was  defeated  in  778.    See  Roncesvalles. 

Bur'gundy  (Fr.  SoMr^rojjrne, booR'gon';  L.  Burgun'dia ; 
Ger.  Burgund,  booR-gSont' ;  Sp.  Borgofta,  boR-gon'yJL;  It. 
Borgogna,  boR-g6n'yi),  one  of  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant of  the  former  provinces  of  France,  now  forming  the 
departments  of  C6te-d'0r,  Sa8ne-et-Loire,  Yonne,  part  of 
Ain,  and  part  of  Aube.  In  more  ancient  times  Burgundy 
was  the  name  of  a  kingdom,  which  included  much  more 
than  the  above  province,  occupying  the  whole  basin  of  the 
Rhone.  Its  most  ancient  inhabitants  were  the  jEdui,  fully 
described  by  Caesar ;  but  its  name  of  Burgundy  is  derived 
from  one  of  the  northern  nations,  called,  in  Latin,  Burgundi 
or  Burgundiones,  who  established  themselves  there  in  the 
beginning  of  the  fifth  century.  After  the  subversion  of 
their  kingdom,  the  province  wa«  erected  into  a  dukedom, 
and  long  made  an  important  figure  in  history  under  the 
dukes  of  Burgundy.  The  male  line  having  become  extinct 
in  1477,  on  the  death  of  Charles  the  Bold  at  the  siege  of 
Nancy,  his  son  in-law,  Louis  XI.,  succeeded  to  the  duke- 
dom, which  has  since  formed  part  of  France. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Burgitn'dian. 

Burgwaldniel,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Waldniel. 

Burhampooter  River.     See  Brahmapootra. 

Burhampore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Boorhanpoor. 

Burheya,  or  Barhiyd,  bQr-hee'y&,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
m  Monghir,  near  the  Ganges,  and  about  60  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Monghir.     Pop.  10,405. 

Burias,  boo're-is,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Luzon.     Lat.  13°  N. ;  Ion.  123°  E. 

Burin,  bliViN"',  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry,  on  the 
west  side  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  162  miles  W.  of 
St.  John's.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  with  two  entrances.  The 
inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  1850. 

Burk,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa. 

Burka,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Burkha. 

Burke,  biirk,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  1080  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  on  the  S.by  the  Ogeechee 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with  forestf- 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Geoi^ia. 
Limestone  is  found  here.  Capital,  Waynesborough.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,679;  in  1880,  27,128;  in  1890,  28,501. 

Burke,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
»n  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Catawba  River  and  by  the  Western  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road. The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  Blue  Ridge  extends 
along  the  N.W.  border.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  good  pasture,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  Ac.  Capital,  Morganton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9777;  in  1880,  12,809;  in  1890,  14,939. 
•        Burke,  a  mining  post-town  of  Shoshone  do.,  Idaho, 

about  20  miles  W.  of  Thompson,  Mont.  Pop.  about  600. 
I  Burke,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Burke 
I  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Ogdensburg  and  Lake 
Champlain,  8  milea  E.N.B.  of  Malone.  It  has  several 
churches,  2  starch -factories,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township 
has  6  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2116. 


Burke,  a  post-township  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  5C 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  is  drained  by  the  Passumpeic 
River,  and  traversed  by  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains small  post-villages  named  Burke,  East  Burke,  and 
West  Burke.  Burke  village  has  a  church.  The  township 
has  5  other  churches,  and  a  population  of  1162. 

Burke,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1121. 

Burke  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Burke  township,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Malone.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Burkersdorf,  bSfiR'k^rs-doRr,  or  Furkersdorf,  a 
village  of  Austria,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Vienna.   Pop.  1423. 

Burke's  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va., 
on  Clinch  Mountain,  30  miles  N.W.  from  Wytheville. 

Burke's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  from  Weyer's  Cave  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Burke's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Alexan- 
dria.    It  has  a  church. 

Bnrkesville,  biirks'vil,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  65  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  95  miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of 
Lexington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  Alexander  College,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bnr'ket,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Claypool,  and  10  miles  (direct)  S.W. 
of  Warsaw.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300.    . 

Bur'kettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  from  Ansonia  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Burkeville,  burk'vil,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  is  in  Con- 
way township,  and  is  a  part  of  the  village  of  Conway.  It 
has  a  woollen-factory. 

Burkeville,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  about 
145  miles  N.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Burkeville,  a  post-village  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  52  miles  W.  of 
Petersburg,  and  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  military  academy,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Burkha,  or  Burka,  buR'ka,  written  also  Barkah 
and  Varaque,  a  maritime  town  of  Arabia,  dominions 
and  45  miles  N.W.  of  Muscat.     Pop.  4000. 

Burkhardtsdorf,  bddRk'haRts-doRf^,  a  village  of  Sax- 
ony, 7  miles  S.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2951. 

Bur'kittsville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is 
at  the  east  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  12  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Frederick,  and  2  miles  from  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  293. 

Burk's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Parry  Sound  co.,  On- 
tario, 40  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Parry  Sound,  and  170  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.  It  has  4  churches,  a  teachers  train- 
ing-school, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  679. 

Burk's  Landing,  a  village  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  25  miles  below  Helena,  Ark.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bnrks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  III.,  1  mile 
from  Burksville  Station  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  130. 

Bnrk'ville,  a  post  office  and  station  of  Lowndes  oo., 
Ala.,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lowndesborough. 

Burlats,  biiRM&',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Tarn, 
5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caatres.     Pop.  1794. 

Burleigh,  bur'l^,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
North  Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Bismarck.     Pop.  in  1880,  3246;  in  1890,  4252. 

Burleigh,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Otonabee  River,  28  miles  from  Lakefield.     Pop.  120. 

Bur'leson,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Yegua  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  com,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capi- 
tal, Caldwell.     Pop.  in  1880,  9243;  in  1890,  13,001. 

Burleson,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ala.,  on  Big 
Bear  Creek,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tosoumbia.  It  has  an 
academy  and  3  churches. 

Bur'ley's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
from  Bridgeport.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Burlingame,  bur'ling-g&im,  a  post-village  of  Osage 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  in  Burlington  township,  and  on  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  27  miles  S  S.W.  of  To- 
peka,  and  34  miles  N.N.B.  of  Emporia.     It  has  4  churches. 


BUR 


742 


BUR 


several  mills,  a  bank,  a  pottery,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Coal  is  mined  here.    Pop.  in  1890, 1472  j  of  township,  2942. 

Bur'Iingham,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  X.Y.,  in 
Mamakating  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Middletown. 
It  has  a  church,  a  creamery,  a  distillery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     It  is  3  miles  from  Thompson  Ridge  Station. 

BurlinghaiU}  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in  Bed- 
ford township,  13  miles  S.  of  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Burlingtou,  a  town  of  England.    See  Bridlington. 

Bur'lington,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Delaware  River.  Area,  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Little  Egg  Harbor  River  and  Rancocas  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  the  soil  is  fertile  in  the 
N. W.  part,  but  other  portions  have  a  light  sandy  soil,  and  are 
covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine,  oak,  <fcc.  Marl  is 
abundant  here.  This  county  sends  large  quantities  of 
vegetables  to  the  market  of  Philadelphia  by  several  "ail- 
roads  which  traverse  it.  Capital,  Mount  Holly.  Pop.  in« 
1870,  53,639;  in  1880,  55,402;  in  1890,  58,628. 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Ark.,  30  miles 
E.  of  Eureka  Springs. 

Burlington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kit  Carson  co.. 
Col.     Pop.  146. 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Burlington  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  is  drained  by  Farmington  River.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  screws,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  Pop.  1319. 
Burlington  Station  is  on  the  Collinsville  Branch  of  the  New 
Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  33  miles  from  New  Haven. 

Burlington,  a  post-township  of  Kane  co..  111.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Elgin.     Pop.  919. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Bur- 
lington township,  on  Wild  Cat  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.  of 
Logansport.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  flour-,  planing-, 
and  saw-mills,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Burlington,  Delaware  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Burlington. 

Burlington,  former  name  of  Arlington,  Rush  co.,  Ind. 

Burlington,  a  flourishing  city  of  Iowa,  capital  of  Des 
Moines  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  207  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  an  important  railroad 
centre,  no  less  than  9  railroads  passing  through  it,  the  most 
important  being  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  which 
here  crosses  the  river  on  a  fine  double-track  iron  bridge.  Bur- 
lington has  34  churches,  13  grammar  schools,  a  high  school, 
3  national  and  2  savings-banks,  3  daily  and  5  weekly  news- 
papers, and  the  largest  public  library  in  Iowa.  It  is  an 
important  manufacturing  point,  containing  a  rolling-mill, 
a  buggy- wheel-factory,  wire-  and  nail-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  farm  implements,  machinery,  flour,  railroad-cars, 
and  carriages.  Burlington  Institute,  founded  in  1853,  is 
situated  here.  The  bluffs  on  which  many  of  the  residences 
are  built  command  a  good  view  of  the  river,  which  is  here 
a  broad  and  beautiful  stream,  running  southward.  The 
houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick  and  stone.  The  streets  of 
Burlington  are  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity,  and  there 
are  some  25  miles  of  electric  street-railway.  Brick-clay 
is  found  under  the  hills  upon  which  the  city  stands,  the 
streets  being  paved  with  brick  made  therefrom.  Av  West 
Burlington,  2i  miles  distant,  are  extensive  railway-shops. 
Pop.  in  1860,  6706 ;  in  1870,  14,930 ;  in  1880,  19,450 ;  in 
1890,  22,566. 

Burlington,  a  city,  capital  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  is  in 
Burlington  township,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Neosho 
River,  and  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
&  Texas  Railroad,  28  miles  B.S.E.  of  Emporia,  and  about 
60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
arepublished  here.    Pop.  (1890)  2239 ;  of  the  township,  680. 

Burlington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Ky., 
is  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  6  miles  S.  of 
the  Ohio  River.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  277. 

Burlington,  a  post  township  and  hamlet  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me,,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  563. 

Burlington,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public 
hall.     Pop.  in  1890,  617. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  St.  Joseph  River,  in  Burlington  township,  about  55  miles 
S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  near  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1624.  Burlington  Station 
is  on  the  Air- Line  division  of  the  above  railroad,  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Centreville. 

Burlington,  a  township  of  Lapeer  oo.,  Mioh.   Pop.  954. 


Burlington,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.    P.  161. 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  on  Mis- 
souri River,  15  miles  above  Jefiferson  City;  has  2  churches. 

Burlington,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  is  on  the  Delaware  River,  20  miles  above  Philadel- 
phia, and  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trenton.  It  is  on  the  Amboy 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  is  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Mount  Holly,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  short  rail- 
road. The  river,  which  is  here  nearly  one  mile  wide,  sepa 
rates  it  from  the  borough  of  Bristol.  The  streets  are  wide, 
straight,  level,  well  shaded  with  trees,  and  lighted  with  gas. 
Burlington  contains  11  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  semi- 
nary for  girls,  called  St.  Mary's  Hall,  and  Burlington  Col- 
lege (Episcopalian),  founded  in  1846.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  This  place  was  first  settled  in 
1667,  and  was  then  named  New  Beverly.  It  has  several 
manufactories  of  shoes.    Pop.  in  1880,  6090;  in  1890,  7264. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bur- 
lington  township,  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  has  7  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1530. 

Burlington,  a  post-town  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.,  21 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  8  churches, 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  and  a  newspaper.    Pop.  2000. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Ward  co.,  N.D.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Minot.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  coal-mines, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

Burlington,  Clinton  co.,  0.    See  New  Burlington. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  in  Fay- 
ette township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  15  miles  above 
Ironton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Burlington,  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  In 
Burlington  township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  10  miles  W.  of  To- 
wanda,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop,  203;  of  the  township, 
which  contains  a  village  named  Luther's  Mills,  1375. 

Burlington,  a  village  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
Red  River,  and  80  miles  W.  of  Denison.     It  has  a  church. 

Burlington,  the  most  populous  city  of  Vermont,  and 
the  capital  of  Chittenden  co.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Lake  Champlain,  aJDOut  1  mile  W.  of  the  Winooski 
River,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier,  and  80  miles  by 
water  N.  of  Whitehall.  Lat.  44°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  15'  AV. 
It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  on  the  Vermont  Central  Rail- 
road, which  connects  it  with  Rutland,  Montpelier,  and  Og- 
densburg,  N.Y.  It  is  surrounded  with  beautiful  scenery, 
and  is  partly  built  on  an  eminence  which  is  nearly  300  feet 
higher  than  the  lake  and  commands  magnificent  views  of 
the  Adirondack  Mountains  and  the  intervening  wide  ex- 
panse of  water.  The  part  of  the  city  next  to  the  lake  is 
but  little  elevated  above  its  surf^e.  Near  the  middle  of 
the  city  is  a  public  square,  around  which  are  located  the 
handsome  court-house,  post-office,  and  principal  hotels.  It 
has  a  good  harbor,  which  is  protected  by  a  breakwater  con- 
structed by  the  government  of  the  United  States.  Here  is 
a  light-house,  on  Juniper  Island.  Burlington  contains  3 
national  banks,  10  churches,  the  Vermont  Episcopal  Insti- 
tute, a  custom-house,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily 
and  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College,  founded  in  1865,  and  of  the  University  of 
Vermont,  which  was  founded  about  1800,  is  not  under  the 
control  of  any  sect,  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  It  occupies 
4  spacious  buildings,  standing  on  a  pleasant  site,  which  is 
about  280  feet  higher  than  the  lake.  A  medical  college  is 
connected  with  the  university.  Burlington  has  a  free 
library  of  12,000  volumes,  and  a  large  hospital,  which  was 
founded  by  Miss  Mary  Fletcher  and  cost  $175,000.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop  and  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal 
bishop.  It  has  an  orphan  asylum,  2  savings-banks,  several 
machine-shops,  large  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  flour,  carriages,  furniture,  lumber,  steam  fire-engines,^ 
cigars,  spools,  blinds  and  doors,  mantels,  and  stoneware. 
This  is  one  of  the  largest  lumber  markets  in  the  United 
States.  Burlington  was  founded  in  1783,  and  incorporated 
OB  a  city  in  1864.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,365;  in  1890,  14,590, 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Patterson's  Creek,  13  miles  S.  of  Keyser.    It  has  a  church. 

Burlington,  a  post- village  of  Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  Fox 
River,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Racine,  and  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  outlet 
of  Geneva  Lake,  and  has  several  flouring-mills,  in  which 
water-power  is  used.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank, 
a  high  school,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  foundries, 
a  blanket-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
threshing-machines  and  of  ploughs  and  wagons  and  brick 
and  tile.  The  township  contains  several  small  lakes.  Pop. 
2043 ;  of  the  township,  3140. 


BUR 


743 


BUR 


Bnrliiigton,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  35  miles  W.  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Burlington,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Kennetcook. 

Bnrlington,  formerly  Wellington  Square,  a  vil- 
lage in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  32  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  700. 

Burlington  Flats,  a  post- village  of  Otsego  oc,  N.Y., 
10  miles  W.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  3  churches. 

Burlington  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway 
00.,  Mo.,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Maryville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  800, 

Bnr'mah,  Bur'ma,or  Bir'mah,  otherwise  called  the 
Burmese  Empire,  or  Kingdom  of  Ava  (native, 
Myamma,  me-im'mi,  Byamtna,  be-im'm4,  or  Bramma, 
brim'mi;  called  by  some  French  geographers  Birmanie, 
Barmanie,  or  Barma ;  Chinese,  Meen-teen,  me*fin'-te'5n'), 
was  formerly  the  most  extensive  and  powerful  state  in  Far- 
ther India,  but  since  the  wars  of  the  Burmese  with  the 
British  its  territories  have  been  comprised  within  lat.  19°  30' 
and  28°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  93°  2'-100°  40'  E.  Area,  190,521 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Assam  and  Thibet,  E. 
by  China  and  the  Shan  country,  S.  by  British  Burmah,  and 
W.  mainly  by  Aracan,  Hill  Tiperah,  Muneepoor,  and  Assam. 
It  is  enclosed  on  most  sides  by  mountain-ranges,  in  elevation 
from  2000  to  5000  feet  above  the  sea,  its  central  part  consist- 
ing of  the  basin  of  the  Irrawaddy.  The  climate  is  considered 
healthful.  From  May  till  the  middle  of  September  the  rainy 
season  continues ;  from  that  time  till  March  the  weather  is 
delightful,  the  temperature  seldom  exceeding  75° ;  in  April 
and  May  the  heat  becomes  very  great,  but  is  soon  mitigated 
by  the  rain.  Annual  fall  of  rain,  from  150  to  200  inches. 
The  soil  is  of  high  fertility;  but  except  near  the  towns  most 
of  it  lies  waste,  or  is  only  irregularly  tilled,  and  agricul- 
ture is  generally  in  backward  condition.  Rice  is  the  chief 
crop  S. ;  pulses,  Indian  millet,  and  maize  are  raised  in  the 
N.  Other  products  are  cotton,  indigo,  yams,  sweet  potatoes, 
tobacco,  capsicums,  gourds,  oil-plants,  bananas,  and  other 
fruits,  betel  nut  and  leaf,  sugar-cane,  onions,  garlic,  and 
(in  the  N.)  tea.  Teak  and  other  valuable  woods  abound, 
and  palm  and  bamboo  are  also  plentiful.  Oxen,  bufialoes, 
and  goats  are  the  principal  domestic  animals,  and  the  ele- 
phant is  domesticated ;  a  good  breed  of  horses  is  also  reared. 
The  gold  and  silver  obtained  in  the  empire  have  been  esti- 
mated to  amount  in  value  to  upwards  of  $1,000,000.  Fine 
.marble,  serpentine,  amber,  sapphires,  and  other  gems,  iron, 
petroleum,  jade,  copper,  tin,  lead,  antimony,  sulphur,  nitre, 
ind  coal  are  also  found. 

In  physical  form  the  Burmese  are  more  allied  to  the  Mon- 
golians of  Eastern  Asia  than  to  the  Hindoos,  Their  figure 
is  short,  robust,  and  fleshy,  cheek-bones  large,  and  eyes 
obliquely  placed.  The  hair  is  black,  coarse,  and  lank  ; 
'jolor  of  skin  light  brown  or  yellowish.  The  language  is 
uomewhat  allied  to  the  Chinese.  They  are  of  a  gay  dispo- 
sition, and  fond  of  amusements,  but  less  civilized  than  the 
Hindoos  or  Chinese.  They  excel  in  boat-building,  and  they 
ijast  bells,  work  in  gold  and  silver,  and  dye  silk  and  other 
fabrics,  weave  silk  and  cotton  goods,  and  manufacture  lac- 
quered wares,  paper,  coarse  earthenwares,  and  some  other 
articles,  in  a  respectable  manner.  The  government  is  hered- 
itary and  despotic ;  the  sovereign  is  assisted  by  a  council  of 
the  nobility,  over  whom  he  has  a  kind  of  feudal  jurisdic- 
tion, and  the  titles  of  the  latter  are  not  hereditary.  The 
religion  of  the  mass  of  the  inhabitants  is  Booddhism ;  a  few 
Christians  and  Jews  are  to  be  found  among  the  population, 
and  the  Karens  and  other  wild  tribes  are  worshippers  of 
spirits,  but  not  idolaters. 

Education,  in  so  far  as  reading  and  writing  are  concerned, 
Is  very  general.  The  public  revenue  is  derived  from  a 
tithe  from  duties  on  imports  and  exports,  a  royal  monopoly 
of  marble,  amber,  the  precious  metals,  and  gems  above  a 
certain  size,  aj)oll-tax  on  the  unsettled  tribes,  Ac;  and  the 
fiscal  system  is  "replete  with  uncertainty,  rapacity,  and 

violence."     Capital,  Mandalay.     Pop.  about  4,000,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Bir'man  or  Bttr'mam,  and  Birmanese,  bir*- 
man-eez',  or  Burmese,  biir-meez'.    See  British  Burmah. 

Burnbrae,  bflrn'bra,  a  post- village  in  Northumberland 
•50.,  Onterio,  28  miles  from  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Bnr'nersTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Bur'net,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Colorado  River,  which  also  traverses  the  S.  part. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture 
for  largo  numbers  of  cattle.  Indian  com  and  cotton  'are 
cultivated  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Austin  & 
Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  B«rnet.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3688;  in  1880,  6855;  in  1890,  10,747. 


Burnet,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  is 
60  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Austin,  and  about  10  miles  east  of 
the  Colorado  River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  280. 
Bur^nett',  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Minnesota.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  and 
W.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  intersected  by  the  Namekagon, 
and  also  drained  bv  Yellow  and  Shell  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  is  covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine,  <to. 
Capital,  Grantsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  706;  in  1880,  3140; 
in  1890,  4393. 

Burnett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co,,  Ind.,  at  Milton  Sta- 
tion on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Terre  Haute. 

Burnett  (Tilden  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Madison  and' 
Antelope  cos..  Neb.,  at  Tilden  Station,  34  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  500. 

Burnett,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango 
&  Alleghany  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Hilliard. 

Burnett,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Juneau,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Horicon,  and 
intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Pop. 
1091.     It  contains  a  village  named  Burnett's  Station. 

Burnett,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  2  miles  from 
Burnett  Station. 

Burnett  (Burnett  Station  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of 
Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  west  shore  of  Horicon  Lake,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Northern  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Burnett's,  a  station  in  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Oak- 
dale  Branch  of  the  Stockton  A  Copperopolis  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Oakdale. 

Burnett's,  a  station  in  Henry  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,,  13  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island. 

Burnett's  Creek,  Ind.    See  Burnettsville. 

Burnett  Station,  Wisconsin.     See  Burnett. 

Burnettsville,  a  village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ja«kson 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
12  miles  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy.  Pop.  270.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bur- 
nett's Creek. 

Burnettsville,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  nt 
Marion,  on  the  Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Crisfield. 

Bur'ney  Val'ley,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  50 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  120. 

Burn'ham,  or  Burnham  Tillage,  a  post-village 
of  Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  in  Burnham  township,  on  the  Sebasticook 
River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Belfast  Branch  with  the  main  line,  41  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Bangor,  and  34  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Burnham  Village.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  sole  leather,  and  staves.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  788. 

Burnham's,  a  station  of  the  Connecticut  Central  Rail- 
road, near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  3i  milea 
N.E.  of  Hartford. 

Bum'hamsville,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Todd 
CO.,  Minn.,  20  miles  from  Melrose.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  sash,  and  fanning-mills.     Pop.  204. 

Burn'ham-West'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich,  on  a  railway.     P.  1012. 

Bum'ing  Bush,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Burn'ing  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Par- 
kersburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  money-order 
post-office,  machine-shop,  Ac.     Petroleum  is  procured  here. 

Burn'ingtown,  a  post-township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.,  60 
miles  from  Walhalla.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  320. 

Burn'ing  Well,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Oil  City. 

Bur'nip's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  oo., 
Mich.,  in  Salem  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Allegan.  It  haa 
a  church,  2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Burn  Island,  an  island  off  the  west  coast  of  Placentia 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  Paradise.     Pop.  53. 

Burnley,  biim'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Bum,  at  a  railway  junction,  22  miles  N.  of  Manchester. 
Burnley  has  numerous  dissenting  places  of  worship,  a  free 
grammar-school,  several  other  schools  and  charities,  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  of  machinery, 
with  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  breweries,  tanneries,  ana 
rope-walks.  Its  manufacturing  prosperity,  which  is  mainly 
owing  to  the  abundance  of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  has  been 


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further  promoted  by  the  Leeds  <fc  Liverpool  Canal,  which 
nearly  encircles  the  town.     Pop.  in  1891,  87,058. 

Burn'ley,  or  Grimshawe's  mills,  a  post-village  on 
Mill  Creek,  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles  from 
Colborne.  It  contains  grist-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills. 
Pop.  250. 

Burns,  a  post-township  of  Henry  co..  111.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Cambridge.     Pop.  1144. 

Burns,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  about  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  250. 

Burns,  a  post-township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
20  miles  S.W,  of  Flint,  is  drained  by  the  Shiawassee  River. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Byron,  and  has  a  woollen-mill 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  1498. 

Burns,  a  village  in  Burnstown  township.  Brown  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  29  miles  W.S.W. 
of  New  Ulm.  It  has  several  stores,  a  hotel,  and  2  wheat- 
elevators.     Here  is  Springfield  Post-Office. 

Burns,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Hornellsville,  and  about  23  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Bath. 

Burns,  a  post-village  of  Harney  oo.,  Oregon,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Harney.  It  has  a  church,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  and 
a  public  school.     Pop.  264. 

B  urns,  a  post-township  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  La  Crosse  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory.  Pop.  991.  Burns  Post-OflBce  is  7  miles  N. 
of  Bangor  Railroad  Station. 

Burns,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cheyenne. 

Buru'side,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
East  Hartford  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  <fc 
Fishkill  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church, 
and  3  paper-mills  (on  Hockanum  River),  which  produce 
writing  and  book  papers.     Paper  was  made  here  in  1776. 

Burnside,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  in  Pilot 
Grove  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Carthage,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  college,  and  a  drug-store. 

Burnside,  a  station  in  Johnson  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  Yineennes  Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Burnside,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  near  the 
Frankfort  &  Kokomo  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Frankfort. 

Burnside,  a  post-town  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ey.,  52  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  an  academy  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.     Pop.  500. 

Burnside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Burn- 
side township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  The  township 
contains  Deanville.     Pop.  of  township,  1429. 

Burnside,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from 
Campbell  Hall  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Burnside,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa,     Pop.  386. 

Burnside,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in 
Burnside  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1624. 

Burnside,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis. 

Burnside,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1040.     It  contains  Independence. 

Burns  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa. 

Burns  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co,,  N.Y.,  in 
Burns  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Hornellsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  <fcc. 
Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Bums  Post-Office. 

Burns  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
f-n  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Burns  Station,  a  station  on  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas 
<fe  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Cuero,  Tex. 

Burns'town,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
406.     It  contains  Bums. 

Burns'town,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Madawaska  River,  15  miles  W.  of  Arnprior.     Pop.  100. 

Burns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Dallas  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of 
Selma.     It  has  3  churches. 

Burusville,  a  post- village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
about  10  miles  B.S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

BurnsTille,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  401. 

BumsTille,  a  post-village  of  Tishomingo  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Corinth.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

Burnsville,  a  township  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1038. 

Burnsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C, 
In  Burnsville  township,  about  110  miles  W.  of  Salisbury, 


and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Clingman's  Peak.  It  is  in  a  moun- 
tainous country,  and  has  1  or  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 505. 

Burnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  4.3 
miles  from  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  125. 

Burnt  Cabins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Dublin  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chambers- 
burg.     It  has  2  churches,  and  the  Sidney  Institute. 

Burnt  Chim'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co., 
N.C,  18  miles  W.  of  Shelby.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Burnt^coat',  a  large  island  of  Hancock  oo..  Me.,  off 
the  entrance  to  Blue  Hill  Bay. 

Burnt  Corn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  N.W.  from  Evergreen.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Burnt  Fac'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co., 
S.C,  15  miles  W.  of  Union  Court-House.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Burnt  Hills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  S 
miles  S.  of  Ballston  Spa.     It  has  a  carriage-shop,  A-c. 

Burnt  House,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Burnt'island,  commonly  pronounced  brunt-i'land,  a 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  6i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Leith.  It  is  chiefly  occupied  in  the  fish- 
eries, in  curing  herrings,  and  in  distilling.  It  is  clean  and 
well  built,  and  has  a  town  house,  school-house,  and  the  best 
harbor  on  the  Firth,  with  a  low-water  pier,  a  light-house, 
and  docks.  It  is  a  railway  station,  and  is  connected  by 
railway  ferry  with  Granton,  5  miles  distant.     Pop.  3265. 

Burnt  Island,  or  Goreloi,  go're-loy',  one  of  the 
Aleutian  Islands,  Andreanov  group.  On  it  is  an  active 
volcano,  said  to  rise  8000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Burnt  Island,  a  small  island  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  between 
Monhegan  Island  and  the  mainland. 

Burnt  Island,  a  small  island  in  Isle  au  Haut  town- 
ship, Hancock  co..  Me. 

Burnt  Island,  one  of  a  group  of  islands  on  the  W. 
side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland.     Pop.  130. 

Burnt  Island,  one  of  a  group  of  islands  off  the  south- 
ern coast  of  Newfoundland.     Pop.  160. 

Burnt  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tishemingo  co..  Miss. 

Burnt  Or'dinary,  a  post-hamlet  of  James  City  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  from  West  Point.  Near  here  are  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Burnt  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana. 

Burnt  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co,, 
111.,  in  Burnt  Prairie  township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Albion.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Little  AVabash  River.     Pop.  of  township,  2186. 

Burnt  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.  Here 
is  a  gold-mine. 

Burnt  River,  Union  co.,  Oregon,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  at  the  eastern  boundary  of 
the  state.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Burnt  Swamp,  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.   P.  1511. 

Burote,  Burrouth,  or  Barot,  bilr-ot',  a  town  of 
the  Meerut  district,  North-West  Provinces,  India.  Lat.  29° 
6'  N.;  Ion.  77°  20'  E.     Pop.  8081. 

Burr,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Burra,  biir'ra,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  belonging  to 
the  Shetland  group. 

Burra  Burra,  biir'ra.  biir'ra,  a  district  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, SO  miles  N.  of  Adelaide,  with  rich  copper-mines. 

Bur'rageville,  a  post-viUage  of  Worcester  co.,  Mas?., 
in  Ashburnham  township,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  at  North 
Ashburnham  Station,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has 
manufactures  of  chairs  and  lumber,  and  2  hotels  for  sum- 
mer visitors. 

Burrampoor,  biirVam-poor',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  10  miles  S,W,  of  Qanjam.  It  has  a 
large  bazaar  or  market-place,  a  street  occupied  by  weavers, 
and  several  remarkable  Hindoo  temples. 

Burranipooter.    See  Brahmapootra. 

Bur'rard  Inlet,  a  post-village  of  British  Columbia,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  9  miles  N.  of  New  Westminster.  Its 
harbor,  one  of  the  finest  on  the  Pacific  coast,  is  9  miles  in 
length,  easy  of  access  for  vessels  of  any  size,  deep  and  safe. 
Burrard  Inlet  is  a  centre  of  the  timber  trade,  and  is  spoken 
of  as  the  western  terminus  of  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway. 
Pop.  600,  exclusive  of  700  Indians. 

Burray,  bilr'ri,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  belonging  to 
the  Orkney  group. 

Bur'rell,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1053. 

Burrell,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  964. 

Burrell,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1374, 
exclusive  of  Blairsville. 

Burrell,  a  post-township  of  Westmoreland  co..   Pa,, 


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745 


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about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Alleghany  River.  Pop.  1819.  It  contains  a  village 
named  Parnassus,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad. 

Burriaua,  boor-re-4'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  8  miles  S.  of 
Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the  Rio  Seco,  1  mile  from  its  mouth 
in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  6204. 

Bur'rillville,  a  post-township  of  Providence  co.,  R.L, 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Providence,  is  intersected  by  the 
Providence  A  Springfield  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  Ac,  and  a  national  bank. 
P^p.  5249.  It  contains  villages  named  Pascoag,  Oakland, 
Harrisville,  Mohegan,  Mapleville,  and  Glendale. 

Burris  Idrone,  Ireland.     See  Borris  Idrone. 

Burrisol,  Barrisaul,  biir-e-sawl',  or  Barisdl, 
bflr'e-sir,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Backergunge  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  on  a  delta-island  of  the  Ganges,  and  on  a 
navigable  river  or  channel  of  the  same  name,  120  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  7684. 

Bur'ritt,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  111.     Pop.  991. 

Bnr'ritt's  Rapids,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  Canal,  10  miles  W.  of  Kemptville. 
It  has  good  water-power,  and  contains  saw-,  shingle-,  and 
grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Burr  Oak,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
588.     It  contains  Brownville. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Burr  Oak  township,  13  miles  N.  of  Decorah,  and  about  100 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  946. 

Burr  Oak,  a  township  of  Doniphan  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River.     Pop.  1074. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-town  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  in  Burr 
Oak  township,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  banks,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  news- 
paper office.    Pop.  about  850. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Burr  Oak  township,  on  or  near  Prairie  River,  and  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Sturgis,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coldwater.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  banking-house,  a  stave-factory, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  687 ;  of  the  township,  1738. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  in 
Farmington  township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Burr  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  1  mile  from 
Burr  Oaks  Station,  which  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Gibson. 

Burr  Oak  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Burroughs',  biir'riiz,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Mercer  &  Somerset  Railroad,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Trenton. 

Bur'rows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Burrow's  Park,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  oo..  Col. 

Burr's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Vernon  parish.  La.,  on  the  Sabine  River,  100  miles  above 
Orange  Railroad  Station,  Tex. 

Burr's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Burr's  Mills,  a  station  in  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Bellaire. 

Burrs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches. 

Burr'ton,  a  post-town  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  railroad-shops,  <ko.    P.  695. 

Burrun,  a  town  of  India.     See  Boolttndshahcb. 

Burr'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Torrington  township,  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  4  miles 
8.  of  Winsted. 

Burrville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Briok  town- 
ship, 5  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Bricksburg. 

Burrville,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah, 

Bursa,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Brusa. 

Burscheid,  booR'shite,  a  manufacturing  town  of  the 
Rhine  province,  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  S.  of  Solin- 
gen.     Pop.  5708. 

Bursee.  or  Barsi,  bur'see,  a  town  of  India,  Sholapoor 
district,  Bombay  presidency,  127  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Poonah.     It 's  a  great  cotton-mart.     Pop.  17,334. 

Bnrslem,  bttrs'l^m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford, 
and  the  principal  town  in  the  district  called  "The  Pot- 
teries," 3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyne,  on  a  rail- 
48  ^ 


way,  and  adjoining  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  has  many  large 
factories,  convenient  dwelling-houses  of  the  work-people, 
and  villas  of  proprietors,  with  a  neat  town  hall,  news-room, 
police  office,  old  and  new  churches,  and  numerous  dissenting 
chapels.  As  early  as  the  seventeenth  century  it  was,  as  it 
is  at  present,  a  leading  place  in  the  production  of  earthen- 
wares.    Pop.  in  1891,  30,862. 

Bur'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala. 

Bursonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Riegelsville,  N.J. 

Bursztyn,  booRsh'tin,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Lippa,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Brzezany. 
It  has  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  churches.     Pop.  4216. 

Burt,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained  by  Logan's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  the  county  is  prairie,  and  the  streams  are  bordered  with 
groves  of  hard  timber.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oata  are 
the  staple  products.  Sandstone  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Tekamah.  Pop.  in  1870,  2847;  in  1880,  6937;  in  1890, 
11,069. 

Burt,  a  post-village  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Algona.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  district  school. 

Burt,  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  126. 

Bur'ton,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co,,  Ga. 

Burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  III.,  in  Burton 
township,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  store.     Pop.  about  130.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1423. 

Burton,  a  township  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin line.     Pop.  21 8.     Post-office,  English  Prairie. 

Burton,  a  station  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Ottumwa. 

Burton,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1260, 
exclusive  of  that  part  of  Flint  which  lies  in  this  township. 

Burton,  formerly  Mun'gerville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Middlebury  and  Owosso  townships, 
on  the  Detroit  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  about  5  miles  W.  of 
Owosso.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Burton,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Howard  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Booneville.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  drug-store,  a  plough- 
factory,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Burton,  a  post-village  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Burton 
township,  30  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Cleveland,  and  2  miles 
from  Burton  Station,  which  is  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngs- 
town  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Painesville.  It  has  a 
bank,  2  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1004. 

Burton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
81  miles  E,  of  Austin,  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va,,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  48  miles  S.S.E,  of  Wheeling. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in  Waterloo 
township,  on  Grant  River,  4  miles  from  Waupaton  (Iowa), 
and  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Burton,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  St.  John  River,  18  miles  E.  of  Fredericton.   Pop.  1030. 

Burton  City,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Baugh- 
man  township,  on  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  2 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Orrville,  and  about  4  miles  (direct)  N.E. 
of  Wooster.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen- 
mill. 

Burtonia,  bur-to'n^-a,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  185  miles  above  Vicksburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Bur'ton-in-Ken'dal,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, cos.  of  Westmoreland  and  Lancaster,  10  miles  S.  of 
Kendal.     Pop.  of  parish,  2038. 

Bur'ton- on- Trent,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Staf- 
ford and  Derby,  on  the  Trent,  which  is  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge,  and  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  11  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Derby.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  a  large  in- 
firmary, a  handsome  town  hall,  assembly-rooms,  a  work- 
house, a  library,  and  large  breweries  of  excellent  ale,  for 
which  the  town  has  long  been  famous.  Its  trade  is  pro- 
moted by  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal,  connecting  the  Mersey 
with  the  Trent,  which  latter  river  is  navigable  from  the 
Humber  to  this  town.    Pop.  in  1891,  46,047. 

Burton's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Booneville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Burton's,  a  hamlet  in  Goshen  township,  Belmont  co., 
0.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  B.  of  Bamet- 
ville.    It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Pugh  Post-Office. 


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Burton's  Hillj  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ala. 
Barton  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  oo.,  0.,  21 

miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Painesville. 

Bur'tonsTille,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 
Burtousville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
•n  the  Schoharie  River,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany.    It 
has  2  churches,  and  grist-,  woollen-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop. 
160. 

Bnrtonview,  burH9n-Tu',  a  post-office  of  Logan  co., 
111.,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Mason  City. 

Bur'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ey.,  16  miles 
S.S.E.  from  Maysville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough -factory. 

Burtonville,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  3  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Burtscheid,  bSdRt'shlte,  or  Borcette,  boR^sdtt',  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  a  southeastern  suburb  of  Aix-la- 
Chapelle.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloth,  cassimeres,  iron, 
machinery,  yam,  and  Prussian  blue,  with  celebrated  hot 
sulphur  springs.     Pop.  10,081. 

Bnrt'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
E.S.E.  from  Port  Alleghany.     It  has  a  church. 

Burn,  an  East  Indian  island.    See  Booro. 

Bnmgird,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Booroo6ird. 

Bnrnm,  bu'riim,  or  Boerum,  boo'rum,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Dokkum. 
Pop.  1655. 

Bnrnncum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Worringen. 

Burwannee,  or  Burwani,  bttr-win'nee,  a  native 
state  of  Central  India,  on  the  S.  of  the  Nerbudda.  Area, 
1380  square  miles.  Capital,  Bnrwannee,  a  town  on  the 
Nerbudda,  72  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indore.     Total  pop.  22,217. 

Bur'well,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Camoridge,  4 
miles  N.W.  by  W.  of  Newmarket.     Pop.  of  parish,  2106. 

Bur'well,  a  post- village  of  Garfield  co.,  Neb.,  near  Wil- 
low Springs,  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ord.  It  has  a 
church,  2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  500. 

Bur'well 's  Bay,  an  expansion  of  James  River,  Vir- 
ginia, in  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  about  15  miles  above  Norfolk. 

Burwha,  buR'wi,  a  negro  town  of  Central  Africa,  king- 
dom of  Borneo,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Chad,  80  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Kooka.  Lat.  13°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  58'  E.  It  covers 
an  extent  equal  to  3  square  miles,  being  surrounded  by  a 
wall  14  feet  high,  fronted  by  a  ditch.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Burwick,  York  co.,  Ontario.     See  Woodbridge. 

Bur'wood,  a  post-office  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal. 

Bur'wur  Saggar',  or  Bur'Ava  Sa^ga',  a  town  of 
India,  Jhansi  district,  Bundelcund,  lat.  25°  23'  N.,  Ion.  78° 
48'  E.,  on  the  shores  of  a  great  artificial  lake.     Pop.  6255. 

Bury,  bfr'ree,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Irwell,  Si  miles  N.N.W.  of  Manchester  by  railway. 
The  town  has,  in  late  years,  been  much  improved ;  it  pos- 
sesses handsome  churches,  a  grammar-school  and  numerous 
other  schools,  public  libraries,  a  mechanics'  institution,  a 
news-room,  and  a  horticultural  society.  It  has  important 
manufactures  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  machinery,  and 
calico-printing  and  bleaching  establishments.  In  the  vi- 
cinity are  extensive  coal-mines.  Since  the  Reform  Act  it 
has  sent  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.   Pop.  57,206. 

Bury  St.  Ed'munds,  or  St.  Ed'muudsbury,  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Larke,  at  a  railway 
junction,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Ipswich,  and  60  miles  N.E.  of 
London.  The  town,  on  a  gentle  eminence,  in  a  healthy  and 
richly  cultivated  district,  is  remarkably  clean,  well  built,  and 
cheerful.  Principal  edifices,  St.  Mary's  church,  a  fine  Gothic 
structure ;  St.  James's,  near  which  is  a  belfry  80  feet  in 
height,  and  one  of  the  finest  remains  of  Saxon  architecture 
extant  in  Britain;  the  shire  hall,  guild  hall,  wool-hall, 
market-cross,  theatre,  concert-  and  assembly-rooms,  county 
jail,  house  of  correction,  Sufi"olk  General  Hospital,  East 
Suffolk  Hospital,  Ac.  The  grammar-school,  founded  by 
Edward  VI.,  enjoys  a  high  repute.  The  town  contains 
numerous  almshouses  and  other  charities,  a  mechanics' 
institution,  a  library,  and  a  botanic  garden,  and  has  some 
remains  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  to  which  the  body  of  King 
Edmund  was  transferred  in  933.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large 
trade  in  wool,  corn,  butter,  and  cheese.  Pop.  (1891)  16,630. 

Burza,  booRt'si,  or  Burzen,  booRt'sfn,  a  river  of 
Transylvania,  an  affluent  of  the  Aloota. 

Bnrzenland,  booRt'sen-lint\  a  mountainous  region  of 
Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  forming  the  district  of  which 
Kronstadt  is  the  capital. 

Bnrzet,  bilR^zi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ar- 
dSche,  14  miles  N.  of  Largentiere.     Pop.  2760. 

Bnsacchiuo,  or  Busaquino,  Sicily.  See  Bisacquino. 

Busachi,  boo-si'kee,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  on  the  Tirsi, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  1940. 

Busaco,  boo-s&'ko,  a  hamlet  and  convent  of  Portugal, 


province  of  Beira,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coimbra.  Here, 
September  27,  1810,  the  French  under  Massena  were  re- 
pulsed by  the  English  under  Wellington. 

Biisbach,  biis'b&s,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6 
miles  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  3927. 

Bus'bee,a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Asheville. 

Busca,  boos'k&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Coni,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Po.  It  has  a  college,  a 
hospital,  and  botanic  gardens.     Pop.  9533. 

Bilschdorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Puspoky. 

Buse,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  234. 

Bu'senbark's,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton 
<fc  Dayton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

Busendorf,  boo's^n-doRr  (Fr.  Bouzonville,  boo^zAuo*- 
veel'),  a  town  of  Lorraine,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Thionville,  on 
the  Nied.     Pon.  1775. 

Busento,  Doo-sen'to  (anc.  Busenti'nus),  a  river  of  Italy, 
flows  by  Cosenza,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Busento  (or  Poli- 
castro)  near  the  town  of  Policastro.  It  is  a  small  stream, 
memorable  for  having  been  turned  aside  that  a  grave  might 
be  dug  in  its  bed  for  the  great  Alaric.  After  his  burial  the 
waters  were  led  back  to  their  former  course. 

Buseo,  boo-s&'o,  or  Buseu,  boo-s&'oo,  a  town  of 
Roumania,  in  Wallachia,  on  a  railway,  60  miles  N.E.  of 
Bucharest.     It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see.     Pop.  11,106. 

Bush,  a  station  in  Downer's  Grove  township,  Du  Page 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.  of  Chicago. 

Bush'berg,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  in 
Joachim  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  »'' 
St.  Louis. 

Bush'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casa  oo..  Neb.,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Bush  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  III.  Pop.  1470. 

Bush  Creek,  a  township  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.  Pop.  566. 

Bush  Creek,  a  township.  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1601. 

Busheab,  boo^sh^-lb',  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  11 
miles  from  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  26°  50'  N.;  Ion.  53°  12'  E. 
It  is  low  and  flat;  at  its  W.  extremity  is  a  small  town. 

Bush'ey,  or  Bush'y,  a  royal  park  of  England,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  adjoining  Hampton  Court,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  London.  Area,  1110  acres.  It  is 
traversed  by  superb  avenues  of  limes  and  chestnuts. 

Bush'field,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  from  Clinton.     Pop.  200. 

Bush  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  3 
miles  from  High  Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy, a  steam  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  &o 
Pop.  about  200. 

Bushire,  boo-sheer'  (properly,  Aboo-Shehr,  4-boo- 
shfih'r  or  i-boo-shaih'r,  "  father  of  cities"),  a  seaport  city  of 
Persia,  and  its  principal  entrepOt  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  at  the 
N.  extremity  of  a  sandy  peninsula.  Lat.  29°  N. ;  Ion.  50° 
52'  E.  Pop.  (estimated)  20,000,  mostly  Persians,  Arabs,  and 
Armenians.  On  the  land  side  it  is  protected  by  a  wall  with 
round  towers,  and  on  the  other  sides  is  enclosed  by  the  sea, 
which  on  the  N.  forms  a  harbor.  Being  built  of  white 
stone,  and  furnished  with  hollow  turrets  for  ventilation,  it 
has  a  handsome  appearance ;  but  its  streets  are  narrow  and 
unpaved,  it  is  ill  supplied  with  water,  good  houses  are 
very  few,  and  its  public  buildings  inferior.  Ships  of  600 
tons  are  obliged  to  lie  in  a  roadstead  6  miles  from  the  city. 
Bushire  has,  however,  a  large  trade  with  India,  importing 
thence  rice,  indigo,  sugar,  cotton  goods,  and  other  manu- 
factures, with  steel,  spices,  porcelain,  coffee,  bullion,  &c. 
The  principal  exports  are  raw  silk,  wool,  shawls,  horses, 
carpets,  silk  goods,  dried  fruits,  grain,  wine,  turquoises, 
pearls,  assafoetida,  and  gall-nuts.  The  anchorage  is  in- 
different, but  is  the  best  on  the  coast.  It  consists  of  an 
outer  road  exposed  to  the  N.W.  winds,  and  a  safe  inner 
harbor  with  4|  fathoms  of  water,  2i  miles  from  the  town. 

Bnsh'kill,  a  small  creek  of  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearlj 
southward  in  Monroe  CO.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  the  Water  Gap.  Another  Bush- 
kill  Creek  runs  southward  in  Northampton  co.,  and  enters 
the  Delaware  at  Easton. 

Bushkill,  township,  Northampton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1901. 

Bushkili,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Pike  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Lehman  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Bushkill  Creek,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Stroudsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  saw -mills. 
Near  this  place  is  a  fine  cascade  called  Bushkill  Falls. 

Bushkill  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bath.    It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel, 

Bush'man's  River,  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  fiowi 


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747 


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generally  S.E.,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  districts 
of  llitenhage  and  Albany,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  in 
Ion.  26°  37'  E. 

Bush'men  (Dutch,  Boajeamana,  bos'y§s-mlnz^ ;  native, 
Saan  or  Saab),  a  race  of  rude  and  degraded  South  African 
savages,  apparently  (but  somewhat  doubtfully)  allied  to  the 
Hottentots.  They  are  undersized,  but  very  active,  living 
principally  by  the  chase.  It  is  possible  that  they  are 
kindred  to  some  of  the  dwarfish  races  of  Central  Africa. 

Bush^mills'v  a  small  town  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Antrim,  on  the  Bush,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Coleraine.    Pop.  1008. 

Bnsh'nellt  a  post-town  and  railroad  junction  of 
MoDonough  co.,  111.,  in  a  small  township  of  the  same 
name,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Macomb,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  public  graded  and 
high  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
building-,  paving-,  and  fancy  brick,  wood  pumps,  metal 
wheels  for  implements,  wagons,  and  carriages.  It  has  also 
a  public  library,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Western  Normal 
College.     Pop.  2314,-  of  the  township,  2712. 

Bnshnell)  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1380. 

Bashnell)  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  Wyoming  line,  and  463 
miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Bnshnell,  a  post-village  of  Brooking's  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Elkton.  It  has  several  church 
organizations. 

Bnshnell's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 
on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Bnsh'nellsville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  N.  of  Shandaken  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  high 
school,  a  chair-factory,  and  2  summer  boarding-houses. 

Bush  River,  a  small  stream  flowing  S.E.  through  New- 
berry district,  S.C.,  into  the  Saluda  River. 

Bush's,  a  station  in  Boone  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Columbia 
Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Centralia. 

Bush's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Bush's  Store,  a  post-village  of  Laurel  oo.,  Ey.,  about 
10  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  London.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Bnsh'ville,  a  station  in  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Bnshville,  a  hamlet  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Harmony  Grove. 

Bushville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
6.  of  Liberty  Falls  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Bnsh'wick,  a  former  town  of  King's  co.,  N.Y.,  now 
included  in  the  Eastern  District  of  Brooklyn.  Bushwick 
Station  is  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  2 
miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Brooklyn. 

Bushy,  a  royal  park  of  England.     See  Bitshbt. 

Bnsh'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Saluda. 

Bushy  Fork,  a  pest-office  of  Person  oo.,  N.C.,  Pop. 
of  Bushy  Pork  township,  1425. 

Busigny,  bu^zeen'yee',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  3540. 

Businessburg,  biz'nes-burg,  a  post- village  of  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Mead  township,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Busk,  boosk,  a  town  of  Austrian  GsJiola,  on  the  Bag, 
32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  4221. 

Buskemd,  boos'k^r-ood^,  an  amt  of  Norway,  in  the 
■tift  of  Christiania.  Area,  5659  square  miles.  Capitals, 
Drammen  and  Kongsberg.     Pop.  in  1875,  101,867. 

Bus'kirk's  Bridge,  a  post-viUage  of  Washington  and 
Rensselaer  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hoosac  River,  1  mile  N.  of 
Buskirk  Station  of  the  Troy  <k  Boston  Railroad,  and  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  3  churches. 

Busko,  boos'ko,  a  town  of  Poland,  44  miles  N.E.  of 
Cracow.     It  has  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  800. 

Bussaher,  or  Bassahir,  bus'si-her',  also  called 
Bis'ser,  a  tributary  Rajpoot  state  of  India,  bounded  E. 
by  Thibet,  and  further  enclosed  by  Gurhwal  and  various 
hill  states.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Sutlej,  and  is  very 
mountainous.     Capital,  Rampoor.     Pop.  90,000. 

Bnssang,  biis^sfiuo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on 
the  Moselle,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Remiremont.     Pop.  2115. 

Bnsseerhat,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bastthhat. 

Biisserach,  biis's^r-iK^  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  15  miles  N.  of  Soleure.     Pop.  602. 

Busserolles,biis^s9h-rftIl',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Dordogne,  10  miles  N.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  2772. 

Bus'seron,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  with  a  station 
on  the  Evansville  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad-  45  miles  S.  of 
Terre  Haute.     Pop.  1283. 


Busseron  Creek,  Indiana,  runs southwestward  through 
Sullivan  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Knox  co.,  12 
miles  above  Yincennes.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Busseto,  boos-si'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Ongina,  an 
affluent  of  the  Po,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Parma.  It  has  pot 
teries  and  silk-works.     Pop.,  with  commune,  8632. 

Bns'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Greenville. 

Bnssey,  a  mining  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Alhia,  Knoxville  <k  Des  Moines 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  5  stores.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bus'seyrille,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Bussi^re,  biis^se-ain',  several  towns  or  villages  of 
France,  in  the  central  and  W.  departments :  the  principal, 
Bussi^RE  DuNOiSE,  biis^se-aiR'  dii'nwiz',  is  in  the  depart 
ment  of  Creuse,  1\  miles  N.W.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  2767. 

Bnssnang,  boSss'n&ng,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
the  canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Thur,  oppo  • 
site  Weinfelden.     Pop.  2130. 

Bussolengo,  boos-so-lSn'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Verona.     Pop.  3013. 

Bussoleno,  boos-so-14'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Susa,  on  the  Dora.  Pop.  2319.  In  its  environs 
are  quarries  of  green  marble. 

Bussorah,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Bassorah. 

Bustar,  or  Bastar,  btis'tar,  a  feudatory  state  of  the 
Central  Provinces,  India.  Lat.  20°  10'-17°  40'  N.;  Ion.  80° 
30'-82°  15'  E.  Area,  13.000  square  miles.  It  is  governed 
partly  by  a  rajah  and  partly  by  his  feudal  chiefs,  and  pays 
a  tribute  to  the  British.  Five-eighths  of  the  population 
consist  of  wild  hill-men.  The  forests  are  extensive,  and 
the  country,  though  a  high  flat  plateau,  with  some  moun- 
tains, is  very  sickly.     Pop.  78,856. 

Bus'tard  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
lat.  24°  4'  S.,  Ion.  151°  50'  E. 

Bustee,  or  Basti,  bfis'tee,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  district,  40  miles  W.  of  Goruckpoor.     Pop.  5087. 

Bustee,  or  Basti,  a  district  of  India,  Benares  com- 
missionership,  North-West  Provinces,  lat.  26°  23'-27°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  82°  17'-83°  19'  30"  E.,  having  Nepaul  on  the  N., 
and  the  river  Goggra  on  the  S.  Area,  2787  square  miles. 
Capital,  Bustee.     It  is  a  rich  marshy  plain.     Pop.  1,472,994. 

Busti,  bus'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  about 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Charles  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Busti,  bus'ti,  or  Busti  Corners,  a  post-village  of 
Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Busti  township,  about  32  miles  S. 
of  Dunkirk,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  278  ;  of  the  township,  1822. 
Chautauqua  Lake  touches  the  N.  part  of  the  township, 
which  has  3  saw-mills  and  a  basket-factory. 

Bustleton,  bus's'1-ton,  a  post-village  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  23d  Ward,  on  Pennypack  Creek,  at  the 
N.W.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Trenton 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Independence  Hall.  It  has  4 
churches,  calico  print-works,  and  manufactures  of  axes, 
hatchets,  Ac.  Bustleton  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia Post-Office. 

Busto-Arsizio,  boos'to-aR-seed'ze-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  19  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Milan.  It  has  a 
cotton  thread  factory  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  12,909. 

Busuluk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Boozoolook. 

Bttsum,  bii's56m,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
on  the  North  Sea,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Gliiekstadt.     Pop.  1971. 

Busvagon,boo8-vi-gon',  oneof  the  Philippine  Islands, 
Malay  Archipelago,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Mindoro.  Length, 
about  50  miles ;  average  breadth,  12  miles. 

Butala,  Battalah,  or  Batala,  but'&-l&,  a  town  of 
India,  in  the  Amritsir  division,  North-West  Provinces, 
district  and  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Goordaspoor.     Pop.  28,725. 

Butan,  a  state  in  India.    See  Bootan. 

Butcher  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Placer  co.,  Cal. 

Bntch'er's  Island,  a  small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
India,  in  Bombay  Harbor,  situated  between  Salsette  and 
Caranja  Islands. 

Butcher  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
38  miles  N.E.  from  Caryville  Station.     It  has  2  churchep 

Bute,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  form- 
ing, with  Arran,  <tc.,  the  county  of  Bute,  and  separated 
from  Argyleshire  by  a  winding  channel  (the  Kyles  of  Bute). 
It  is  in  length  about  16  miles,  and  from  3  to  5  in  breadth. 
Area,  about  60  square  miles.  Its  northern  part  is  moun- 
tainous and  rugged ;  its  centre  and  southern  parts  are  un- 
dulating, with  a  pretty  fertile  soil.  In  the  centre  are  three 
small  lakes, — Lochs  Fad,  Ascog,  and  Qnein.  On  its  E.  coast 
is  the  town  of  Rothesay,  beautifully  situated,  and  Mount- 
stuart,  the  seat  of-  the  Marquis  of  Bute.     Pop.  10,064 


BUT 


748 


BUT 


Bute)  or  Buteshire)  but'shir,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
composed  of  Arran,  Bute,  the  Cumbrays,  Holy  Isle,  Pladda, 
and  Inchmarnoch,  the  whole  between  lat.  55°  32'  and  65° 
66'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  52'  and  5°  17'  W.  Area,  225  square 
miles.   Chief  town,  Rothesay,  on  Bute  Island.   Pop.  16,977. 

BntC)  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles 
from  Becancour  Station.     Pop.  150. 

Bute  Inlet,  a  great  fiord  or  bay  of  British  Columbia, 
with  high  rooky  walls.  Its  entrance  from  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia  is  sheltered  by  Valdes  Island.  The  head  of  this 
inlet  is  one  of  the  proposed  termini  of  the  Canada  Pacific 
Railway,  but  its  waters  are  too  deep  to  afford  safe  anchorage. 
On  its  border  a  great  glacier  reaches  the  sea. 

Butera,  boo-ti'ri,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sicily,  19 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  5732. 

Buteshire,  Scotland.     See  Bute. 

B  uthrotum ,  an  ancient  town  of  Turkey.    See  Butrinto. 

Buti,  boo'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  9i  miles  E. 
of  Pisa.    Pop.  5029.    Its  vicinity  produces  excellent  olives. 

But'ler,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  782  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sepulga 
and  Pigeon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pine  lumber  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Louisville  <fc 
Nashville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Greenville,  the 
capitel  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,981 ;  in  1880, 19,649 ; 
in  1890,  21,641. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Shell 
Rock  River,  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River,  and  Beaver 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which 
is  traversed  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <k  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Allison,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9951;  in  1880,  14,293;  in  1890,  15,463. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  1428  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Walnut  and  White 
Water  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. The  county  contains  extensive  prairies,  with  groves 
growing  on  the  banks  of  the  creeks.  About  95  per  cent,  of 
it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone  is  found  in  all  parts 
of  this  county,  and  forms  an  extensive  industry ;  gypsum 
is  also  found  in  parts,  as  also  is  salt  water,  which  has  been 
discovered  at  El  Dorado,  the  capital,  at  a  depth  of  750 
feet.    Pop.  in  1870,  3035 ;  in  1880, 18,586  ;  in  1890,  24,055. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  452  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green 
River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  The  Louisville  <fe  Nashville  Railroad  crosses 
the  extreme  S.W.  portion  of  the  county.  Capital,  Morgan- 
town.    Pop.  in  1870,  9404 ;  in  1880,  12,181 ;  in  1890,  13,956. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  716  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  St.  Francis  River,  and  intersected  by  Big  Black  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests 
of  cypress,  yellow  pine,  and  poplar  or  tulip-tree.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad 
and  its  branches.  Capital,  Poplar  Bluff.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4298;  in  1880,  6011;  in  1890,  10,164. 

Butler,  a  county  In  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  683  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Platte  River,  nnd  is  partly  drained  by  the  Big  Blue 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  prairie;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
The  capital,  David  City,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  several 
railroads  leading  from  various  directions.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1290;  in  1880,  9194;  in  1890,  15,454. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Miami  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Mill,  St. 
Clair,  and  Seven  Mile  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Lower 
Silurian  limestone,  valuable  for  building,  is  abundant  in 
this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Ham- 
ilton &  Dayton  and  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Chicago  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Hamilton.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the 
buckeye,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  ash,  and  white  oak. 
Pop.  in  1870,  39,912;  in  1880,  42,579;  in  1890,  48,597. 


Butler,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  The  Alleghany  River 
touches  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  parts  of  this  county,  which 
is  partly  drained  by  Conequenessing  and  Slippery  Rock 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm, 
hickory,  oak,  <tc. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Oats,  butter, 
wheat,  Indian  com,  hay,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  mineral  resources  are  petroleum,  coal,  iron,  and 
limestone.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  a  branch  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  by  the  Parker  &  Earns 
City  Railroad.  Capital,  Butler.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,510 ;  in 
1880,  52,536;  in  1890,  55,339. 

Butler,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Choctaw  oo.,  Ala.,  lOo 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Mobile,  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Meridian, 
Miss.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  wagon -shop,  and  a 
newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  about  250. 

Butler,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co..  Col. 

Butler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  co.,  Ga.,  50 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  80  miles  (direct)  8. 
of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  a  male  and  a  female 
college,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  500. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  in  Butler 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles 
E.  of  Litchfield,  and  63  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  an  elevator,  and  3  general  stores. 
Pop.  1648;  of  the  township,  2107. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.     Pop.  925. 

Butler,  a  post- village  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ind.,  is  on  the 
Lpke  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Waterloo,  and  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  high  school,  6 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
engines,  carriages,  cigars,  flour,  tile,  Ac.     Pop.  2521. 

Butler,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1209. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1488. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1535.  It 
includes  Peoria  and  Santa  Fe. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  807,  ex- 
clusive of  Clarksville. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  247. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  817. 
Post-office,  Garry  Owen. 

Butler,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  N. 
of  Ottumwa. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  892. 

Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Sherman  township,  16  miles  W.  of  Waterville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Licking  River,  28 
miles  S.  of  Covington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  &e.    Pop.  560. 

Butler,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Butler,  a  post-township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Coldwater.  It 
has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  1389. 

Butler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  about 
66  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City,  and  38  miles  N.E.  of  Fort 
Scott,  Kansas.  It  has  9  churches,  a  national  and  2  stato 
banks,  a  daily  and  5  weekly  newspaper  offices,  public  schools, 
an  academy,  and  flour- mills,  a  pottery,  a  tile  factory,  a  saw- 
mill, evaporator,  Ac.     Pop.  2812. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  3  churches,  manufactures 
of  rubber,  paper,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Rutherfordton. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop.  1568. 
It  contains  Damascus. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1524.  It 
contains  Castine. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  701. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  1301. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2163. 
It  contains  Chambersburg,  Vandalia,  and  Little  York. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Worth- 
ington  township,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad.  It  ha* 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  planing-mill.  The 
name  of  the  station  is  Independence. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  768. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa,  Pop.  1333. 
Post-office,  Bigler. 

Butler,  a  flourishing  post-borough,  capital  of  Butler 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Cone- 
quenessing Creek,  about  26  miles  direct  N.  of  Pittsburg, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  2  lines  of  railway,  respectively 


BUT 


749 


BUT 


I 


49  and  39  miles  in  length.  Railway  lines  also  connect  it 
with  thf  principal  cities  on  Lake  Erie.  Butler  has  a  savings- 
bank,  a  national  and  a  private  bank,  10  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  graded*  school,  manufactures  of  plate  glass,  bottles, 
engines,  oil-well  machinery,  Ac.  (for  which  its  numerous 
wells  of  natural  gas  afford  unsurpassed  facilities),  and  1 
daily  and  5  weekly  newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  in  1890,  8734. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1423. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.     It  includes 

Iihland,  Girardville,  Preston,  and  other  mining  towns  of 
e  Mahanoy  anthracite  region.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  Ash- 
and,  5905. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1099. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1646. 

Butler,  a  post-borough  of  Day  co.,  S.D.,  7  miles  by 

11  S.  of  Bristol,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  279. 

Butler,  a  post-offioe  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn.,  17  miles  S. 
of  Taylorville. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
Trinity  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Palestine.     It  has  3  churches. 

Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  in  Wau- 
watosa  township,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Butler  Centre,  a  small  post-village  of  Butler  co., 
Iowa,  in  Jefferson  township,  9  miles  N.  from  Parkersburg 
Railroad  Station,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines, 
and  1  mile  N.  of  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  money-order  post-oflBce.     Pop.  152. 

Butler  Centre,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Butler  co..  Neb. 

Butler  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
lutler  township,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auburn.    It  has 

church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Butler  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsyl- 

nia  Railroad,  i  mile  W.  of  Freeport,  Pa.,  at  the  junc- 

m  of  the  Pittsburg  Branch  Railroad. 

Butler's,  post-township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2080. 

Butler's  Ford,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Butler's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn., 
the  Cumberland  River,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow,  Ky. 

has  a  church. 

Butler  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 

tier  CO.,  Ala.,  14  miles  W.  of  Greenville. 

Butler's  Switch,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jennings 

,,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  oetween  Madison  &  Columbus,  19 

les  N.N.W.  of  Madison. 

But'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 

'les  S.S.E.  of  Bowling  Green,  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

But'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark.,  8  miles 

from  Austin  Railroad  Station.     It  has  1  or  2  churches 

id  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Butlerville,  a  post- village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in 

mpbell  township,  on  the  Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railroad,  66 

lies  W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  7  miles  E.  of  North  Vernon. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, wagons,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Butlerville,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River,  IJ  miles  from  Montour  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  quarry  of  oolite  marble 
or  limestone. 

Butlerville,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Utica.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Erie  Canal,  on  the 

i.  by  Wylie  street,  on  the  S.  by  Columbia  street,  and  on 
e  W.  by  Schuyler  street.  Here  is  a  hospital  for  old  people, 
endowed  by  Mr.  T.  K.  Butler. 

Butlerville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Har- 
lan township,  1^  miles  from  Level  Station,  and  about  80 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  191. 

Butlerville,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

But^ool',  a  town  of  India,  64  miles  N.  of  Goruckpoor. 

Biitow,  bii'tov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  53  miles 
E.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  440. 

Butrinto,  boo-trin'to,  a  maritime  town  of  European 
Turkey,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  immediately  opposite 
Corfu,  and  on  the  other  bank  of  which  are  remains  of  the 
ancient  Buthro'Uim.  Pop.  1500.  The  Lake  of  Butrinto, 
N.  of  the  town,  is  5  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 

Butschatsch,  a  town  of  Galicia.     See  Buczacz. 

Bntschowitz,  or  Buczowic,  boo'cho-vits^,  a  town 
of  Moravia,  18  miles  E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  2990. 

ButHahatch'ie,  a  small  river,  which  rises  in  Marion 
00.,  Ala.,  runs  southwestward  through  Monroe  co..  Miss., 
ftnd  enters  the  Tombigbee  River  about  12  miles  S.  of  Aber- 
deen.    It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Butte,  bute,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Feather  River  and  its  North  and  Middle 


Forks.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly  and 
mountainous.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  pine 
forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile  and  well  watered. 
Wheat,  barley,  wool,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
The  prosperity  of  this  county  is  derived  chiefly  from  agri- 
culture. The  county  is  traversed  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  terminates 
at  Oroville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,403;  in  1880, 
18,721;  in  1890,  17,939. 

Butte,  a  township  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  604. 

Butte,  a  township  of.  Sierra  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1182. 

Butte  City,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  26  miles  S.S.W.  from  Chico.  It  has  2 
churches.     Much  grain  is  shipped  here. 

Butte  City,  a  city  and  important  railroad  junction, 
capital  of  Silver  Bow  co.,  Montana,  near  a  range  of  high 
mountains,  about  65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Helena.  It  has  15 
churches,  6  banks,  and  5  newspaper  offices.  Here  are  rich 
mines  of  gold  and  silver.  Pop.  in  1880,  3363 ;  in  1890, 
10,723. 

Butte  Creek,  California,  runs  nearly  southwestward 
through  Butte  co.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Colusa  and  Sutter  cos.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River 
about  5  miles  below  Colusa. 

Butte  des  Morts  (local  pron.  bii  d^  mor;  Fr.  pron. 
but  di  moR),  a  post- village  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
left  bank  of  Fox  River,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh,  and 
2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Winneconne.  It  has  several  stores  and 
a  church.     Pop.  166. 

Buttelst^dt,  boot't§l-st£tt\  a  town  of  Germany,  Saxe- 
Weimar,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Buttstadt.     Pop.  947. 

But'ter  Creek,  Oregon,  runs  northward,  and  enters 
the  Umatilla  River  in  Umatilla  co. 

But'tercnp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Butler. 

But'terfield,  a  station  in  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Sioux  City  <k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  130  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Paul.     Pop.  of  Butterfield  township,  90. 

Butterfield,  a  post- village  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Seligman,  and  5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Cassville. 

But'terfly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanton  co..  Neb.,  10  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Stanton. 

Butterfly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
W.  of  Mexico,  and  11  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Bnt'ter  Hill,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  a  steep  eminence  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  opposite  to  Breakneck  Hill. 
Height,  about  1530  feet. 

Butter  Island,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  is  in  Penobscot 
Bay.     Pop.  12. 

Butterley,  bUt't^r-le,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of 
Derby,  3  miles  S.  of  Alfreton. 

Buttermere,  but't^r-meer,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  7i  miles  S.W.  of  Keswick.  Lake  Butter- 
mere  is  about  li  miles  in  length  by  \  mile  in  width,  and 
is  surrounded  by  sublime  mountain  scenery. 

But'termilk  Channel,  New  York  Harbor,  separates 
Governor's  Island  from  the  city  of  Brooklyn. 

Buttermilk  Falls,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  a  small  cascade 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  2  miles  below  West  Point. 
See  Highland  Falls. 

Buttermilk  Falls,  Wyoming  co..  Pa.    See  Falls. 

But'ternut,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  near 
Butternut  Lake,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ashland.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Butternut  Creek,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  southwest- 
ward, and  enters  the  Unadilla  River  6  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Butternut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Beaver  Kill  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  has 
a  tannery  and  3  saw-mills. 

Butternuts,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
45  miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  contains  a  village  called  Gilberts- 
ville,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Unadilla  River. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Qilbertsville.     Pop.  1813. 

But'tersville,  a  post- village  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  about  8  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Wiley. 

Butterville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
from  New  Paltz.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

But'terworth,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, 3  miles  E.  of  Rochdale.  Pop.  7923,  chiefly  employed 
in  cotton-  and  woollen-factories.  It  contains  the  town  of 
Milnrow  and  part  of  Littleborough. 

But'terworth' s,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  0.,  on  th* 
Little  Miami  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Loveland. 


BUT 


750 


BYL 


Bnttes,  biitt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  19 
miles  S.W.  of  Neufchatel,  in  a  narrow  valley  surrounded 
by  high  mountains,  which  render  the  sun  invisible  during 
three  months  in  the  year.     Pop.  1468. 

Butte  (bate)  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Chico. 

Butte  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Huerfano  co.,  Col. 

Buttevant',  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co. 
of  Cork,  on  the  Arobeg,  3i  miles  W.  of  Doneraile.     P.  1756. 

Bntteville,  but'vil,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
Oregon,  is  on  the  Willamette  River,  24  miles  N.  of  Salem. 
Grain  is  shipped  here  by  the  river.     Pop.  about  100. 

Buttigliera,  boot-teel-yi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 16  miles  N.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2630. 

Buttigliera  Uriola,  boot-teel-yi'ri  oo-re-o'li,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Turin.     Pop.  1291. 

Buttisholz,  boot'ti8s-h61ts\  a  vUlage  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  1596.  Near 
here  is  a  mound  called  the  Eng  lander  hub  el,  or  "  English 
hillock,"  which  contains  the  bones  of  3000  Englishmen,  fol- 
lowers of  Ingelram  de  Coucy,  Duke  of  Bedford,  who,  while 
devastating  the  Swiss  cantons,  was  defeated  by  the  peasants. 

Bnt'ton,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Ford  co..  111., 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Paxton.     Pop,  610. 

But'tou-Ness,  a  prominent  headland  of  Scotland,  on 
the  northern  side  of  the  entrance  into  the  Firth  of  Tay.  Lat. 
56°  28'  N.;  Ion.  2°  40'  W.     Here  are  two  light-houses. 

But'tonwood,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

Butts,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  204  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven ;  the 
soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian  corn.  The  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  traverses  the  county.  Capital, 
Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  6941 ;  in  1880,  8311 ;  in  1890, 10,565. 

Butts'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co..  Ark. 

Buttstadt,  boot'stStt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Weimar,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  2462. 

Butts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co..  Mo. 

Buttsville,  a  mining  village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  is  on 
the  Bradford  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Alton 
Post-Office.     It  has  a  coal-mine  and  about  40  houses. 

Buttz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
Pequest  Creek,  1  mile  from  Bridgeville  Railroad  Station, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  about  20  houses. 

Buturlinovka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Petrovskaia. 

Butyin,  boot'yeen,  or  Buttzen,  boot'tsen,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  37  miles  N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  3192. 

Butz,  bdSts,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
7  miles  N.  of  Aarau. 

Butzbach,  boots'b&K,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
11  miles  S.  of  Giessen.  It  has  manufactures  of  flannels, 
hosiery,  and  leather.     Pop.  2617. 

Btitzovv,  biits'fiv,  a  town  of  North  Germany,  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  on  the  Warnow,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Rostock.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper  and  playing-cards. 
Its  old  episcopal  residence  is  now  a  prison.     Pop.  4710. 

Butz'towu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  oo..  Pa.,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Freemansburg. 

Buxar,  or  Baxar,  bux'ar',  a  city  of  Bengal,  in  Sha- 
habad,  on  the  Ganges,  75  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Patna.  It 
is  held  to  be  a  very  sacred  place  by  the  Hindoos.  Pop. 
13,446.  Here,  October  22, 1764,  Sir  Hector  Munro  defeated 
Kasim  Ali  in  a  great  battle. 

Bnxentum,  an  ancient  name  of  Policastro. 

Buxtehude,  bo6xH§h-hoo'd§h,  a  town  of  Hanover,  in 
Prussia,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Stade,  on  the  Este,  near  its  mouth 
in  the  Elbe.  It  has  manufactures  of  starch,  leather,  snuff, 
and  wax-lights.     Pop.  2788. 

Bux'tou  (L.  Bucostenum),  a  town  and  watering-place 
of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  31  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Derby,  and  160  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  is  in  a  deep 
valley,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the  latter  con- 
taining many  fine  buildings,  excellent  hotels  and  shops,  an 
elegant  church,  public  and  private  baths,  assembly-rooms, 
several  schools,  and  a  library.  The  "  Old  Hall,"  once  the 
residence  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  is  now  an  inn.  The 
saline  waters  in  the  lower  town  are  from  a  hot  and  a  cold 
spring  within  a  few  inches  of  each  other ;  there  is  also  a 
chalybeate  spring.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  alabaster,  spar,  and  other  ornaments. 
The  vicinity  abounds  with  fine  scenery.    Pop.  3717. 

Bnx'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clinton  oo..  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Carlyle. 

Buxton,  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  Me.,  15  miles  W. 
of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Saco  River,  and 
traversed  by  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad.     It  con- 


tains villages  named  Buxton  Centre  and  West  Buxton,  and 
has  a.ootton-mill,  7  churches,  a  bank,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  lumber.     Pop.  2546. 

Buxton,  a  post-village  of  Traill  co.,  N.I>.,  25  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Grand  Forks,  and  53  miles  N.  of  Fargo.  It  has 
2  churches  (an  American  Congregational  and  a  Norwegian 
Lutheran),  a  state  bank,  and  an  academy.  The  vicinity 
produces  fine  wheat.     Pop.  about  300. 

Buxton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in 
Buxton  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  15 
miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church,  a  shoe-factory,  &o. 

Buxy,  biik^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Chalons.     Pop.  2063. 

Buyerstown,  bi'^rz-tdwn,  a  post-bamlet  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  N.  of  Gap  Railroad  Station. 

Buytrago,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Buitrago. 

Buyukdere,  or  Biyukdere,  boo-yook-d&'ri.,  a  town 
of  Turkey,  on  the  European  shore  of  the  Bosporus,  10  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Constantinople.  It  is  famous  for  its  picturesque 
beauty.  The  upper  part  is  occupied  by  the  summer  resi- 
dences and  gardens  of  the  European  ambassadors,  and  tho 
lower  by  Greeks,  Armenians,  and  Turks. 

Buzan^ais,  bU^z5N<>^s^',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Indre,  on  the  Indre,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Ch^teauroux. 
In  its  vicinity  are  iron-works.     Pop.  4986. 

Buzancy,  bU^z6H»^see',  a  town  of  France,  Ardennes,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  M^zi^res.  It  has  a  castle,  and  a  Saracenic 
edifice  of  the  twelfth  century.     Pop.  821. 

Buzen,  boo'zen,  or  Bizen,  bee'z^n,  a  province  of 
Japan,  in  the  N.  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  and  separated 
from  Hondo  by  the  Strait  of  Van  der  Capellen,  here  scarcely 
1  mile  across.  It  lies  between  lat.  33°  23'  and  34°  N.,  Ion. 
130°  40'  and  131°  23'  E.,  and  comprises  23  islands,  all  un- 
important.    Pop.  331,878. 

Buzet,  bii^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  7 
miles  N.  of  N6rac.     Pop.  1391. 

Buz'zard's  Bay,  Massachusetts,  is  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  northeastward  about 
30  miles.  Its  width  varies  from  5  to  10  miles.  It  washes 
the  coast  of  Barnstable  co.  on  the  E.,  and  Bristol  and  Ply- 
mouth on  the  N.W.  The  Elizabeth  Islands,  arranged  in  a 
row  along  its  S.E.  side,  separate  it  from  Vineyard  Sound. 

Byamma,  a  native  name  of  Burmah. 

By'am  Mar'tin's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  iat. 
19°  40'  22"  S.  and  Ion.  140°  22'  28"  W. 

By'arsTille,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C.,  lo 
miles  from  Shelby. 

Byass,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Baias. 

Byberry  (bi'ber-re)  Post-Office,  Pa.,  is  a  branch  of 
Philadelphia  Post-Office,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Inde- 
pendence Hall.  The  former  township  of  Byberry  is  now  a 
precinct  of  the  23d  ward  of  Philadelphia. 

Byblus,  the  ancient  name  of  Jebail. 

Byers,  bi'§rz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Arapahoe  co., 
Col.,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  41  miles  E,  of  Denver. 

Byers,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich., 
in  Colfax  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Byers,  a  station  in  Uwchlan  township,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Pickering  Valley  Railroad, 
which  extends  northeastward  11  miles  to  Phoenixville. 

Byer's  Island,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Patrocinio. 

By'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Dansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Byesville,  biz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Marietta  Railway,  53  miles  N.  of  Mari- 
etta, and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  flour-  and  planing-mills,  and  extensive 
coal-mines.     Pop.  789. 

By 'field,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Newbury  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  <fc  Maine 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy and  a  church.  Byfield  is  an  old  ecclesiastical  parish, 
in  the  townships  of  Newbury,  West  Newbury,  and  Rowley. 

Byha'lia,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  oo..  Miss.,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  4  churches,  2  select 
schools,  manufactures  of  agricultural  implements,  several 
general  stores,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  474. 

Byhalia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  0.,  80  miles  N.E. 
of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  2  churches,  and  saw-,  flour-,  and 
feed-mills.     Pop.  250. 

By'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  0.,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Hillsborough. 

Bykuud,  bi^kiind',a  ruined  city  in  Toorkistan,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Bokhara.     It  has  remains  of  high  antiquity. 

Byl  Hangal,  or  Bail  Hangal,  bil  hang'gal,  a  towc 
of  India,  in  Bombay,  48  miles  S.  of  Darwar.     Pop.  8655. 


BYL 


751 


CAB 


Bylinaj  the  Bohemian  for  Bilim. 

Byl<£)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  GoouiSB. 

Bylot's  Bay,  in  the  Atlantic.    See  Baffin's  Bat. 

Bynadn,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Wynaad. 

Byng,  or  Hal'dimand,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand 
«0.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  near  Dunnville.     Pop.  150. 

Byng  Inlet,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Algoma, 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maganetawan  River,  on  the 
north  shore  of  Georgian  Bay,  90  miles  N.  of  Collingwood. 
It  contains  large  saw-mills.  A  steamer  from  Collingwood 
calls  here  every  week.     Pop.  307. 

By'nnmville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.  of  New  Cambria  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  stores. 

Byopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Epila. 

By'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Pearl 
River,  and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  75. 

Byram,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1332. 

ByVamghant',  a  town  of  Oude,  on  the  Goggra,  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Lucknow. 

By'ram  River,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Connecticut,  enters 
Long  Island  Sound  on  the  boundary  between  that  state  and 
New  York. 

Byrd,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2112. 
It  includes  Jackson. 

Byrds'town,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Pickett  co.,Tenn., 
about  38  miles  W.  of  Winfield.  It  has  3  church  organiza- 
tions and  an  academy.     Pop.  250. 

Byrds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  5 
miles  N.E.  from  Maxwell's  Railroad  Station. 

Byrd'town,  a  village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  H  miles 
&om  Crisfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.   Pop.  600. 

Byria,  Byrria,  or  Bairea,  bi'r9-&,  a  town  of  India, 
Ghazeepoor  district,  on  the  Ganges.  Lat.  25°  29'  N. ;  Ion. 
78°  E.    Pop.  6766. 

Byrne,  bum,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cookeville.     Pop.  100. 

Byrnesville,  bQrnz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
Mo.,  5  miles  S.  of  Eureka.     It  has  a  church,  &c. 

Byrneville,  b^rn'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co., 
Ind.,  on  Indian  Creek,  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany. 

By'romtown,  a  post-village  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Sheffield  Junction.     It  has  2  churches. 

By'romville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dooly  oo.,  Ga.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Oglethorpe. 

By'ron,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  oo.,  Cal.,  68 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Maoon.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  Rook  River,  88  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  698. 

Byron,  a  hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles 
W.  of  South  Bend. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  996. 

Byron,  a  post-office  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
W.  of  Neosho  Falls. 


Byron,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  about  bi 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta.     Pop.  242. 

Byron,  a  township  .of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1504. 
It  contains  Byron  Centre. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Shiawassee  River,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Flint,  and  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Howell.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  staves, 
headings,  and  barrels,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  9  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  fanning-mills  and  brick.     Pop.  300. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Waseca  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  310. 

Byron,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo. 

Byron,  a  post-town  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Hebron.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  150. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  25  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
manufactures  of  farming-implements  and  flour,  and  several 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1703. 

Byron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, about  11  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church. 

Byron,  a  post-bamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  in  Byron 
township,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1346. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  331. 

Byron,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Thames,  6  miles  from  London.  It  has  2  woollen-fac- 
tories.    Pop.  125. 

Byron  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Byron  township,  on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  Kal- 
amazoo division,  12  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a 
town  hall,  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about 
200. 

Byron's  Bay,  E.  coast  of  Labrador,  North  America,  ia 
in  lat.  54°  40'  N.,  Ion.  57°  30'  W. 

Byron's  Island,  of  the  Mulgrave  Archipelago,  in  the 
Pacific.  Lat.  1°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  177°  20'  E.  It  is  low,  densely 
wooded,  and  was  discovered  by  Admiral  Byron  in  1765. 

Byrria,  a  town  of  India.    See  Byria. 

Byske,  bUs'ki  or  bis'kih,  a  river  of  Sweden,  falls  into 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  in  lat.  64°  57'  N.,  after  a  direct  S.E. 
course  of  110  miles.     At  its  mouth  is  the  town  of  Byskea. 

Bytown,  the  former  name  of  Ottawa,  Canada. 

Bytumey,  Bytarnee,  Baitarni,  bi-tur'nee,  Bai- 
tarani,  or  Yaiturani,  vi-tiir'a-nee,  a  river  of  Hindos- 
tan,  rises  in  the  state  of  Keunjhar,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course 
of  from  300  to  400  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  in 
Orissa,  in  lat.  20°  47'  N.  Area  of  basin,  3100  square  miles. 
It  is  a  great  river  in  the  rainy  season,  and  is  regarded  as 
sacred  by  the  Hindoos. 

Byzantium,  be-zan'she-um  (Gr.  Bv^aiTcoi',  Buzantion, 
or  Bwavriov,  Busantion),  an  ancient  city  on  the  site  of  the 

modern  Constantinople.    See  Constantinople. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Byzantine,  be-zan'tin,  and  Btzantian,  be-zan'- 
she-an. 

Byzia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yiza. 


I 


0. 


Caacaty,  k&^k&-tee',  an  Indian  village,  77  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  the  city  of  Corrientes,  Argentine  Republic.    Pop.  2722. 

Cababuri,  ki-b4-boo-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  the  Mataraca  and  Baria,  pursues  a  S.  course 
for  120  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Rio  Negro  at  lat.  0°  10'  S., 
Ion.  66°  30'  W. 

Cabala,  ki-bi'si,  a  town  of  Africa,  South  Guinea,  in 
the  country  of  Congo.     Lat.  6°  S.;  Ion.  11°  30'  E. 

Cabado,  a  river  of  Portugal.     See  Cavado. 

Cabagan,  kl-bi-gin',  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in  the  province  of  Cagayan,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Luzon.     Pop.  11,100. 

Cabal  aba,  ki-bLl4'bi,  a  river  of  Diitch  Guiana,  a 
tributary  of  the  Corentyn,  which  it  joins  about  lat.  5°  N., 
Ion.  57°  3'  W.  It  is  extremely  winding  in  its  course,  and 
its  water  is  of  an  ochreous  color. 

Cabalios,  Puerto  Caballos,  pweR'to  ki-val'yoce. 


or  Puerto  (pweR'to)  Cor'tez,  a  small  town  of  Honduras, 
on  the  N.  coast,  lat.  15°  49'  N.,  Ion.  87°  57'  W.,  and  150 
miles  S.  of  Balize. 

Caballos,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Naska. 

Cabalunga,  k&-b&-loon'g&,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Samar,  one  of  the  Philippines. 

Cabanes,  k&-B&'nds,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2056. 

Cabapuana,  k&-b&-poo-&'n&  (called  also  erroneously 
Cainpuan  Reritigba  and  Muribeca),  a  river  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Espirito  Santo,  rises  in  the  Serra  de 
Pico,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  21°  26'  S.,  after  a 
direct  course  of  80  miles. 

Cabar'rns,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  392  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Rocky  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is 


CAB 


752 


CAC 


Ihrtile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  agri- 
oaltural  products,  and  among  its  minerals  are  copper,  gold, 
barytes,  blende,  and  galena.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
a  division  of  the  Richmond  <fe  Danville  Railroad  Company's 
lines  leading  from  Salisbury  to  Charlotte.  Capital,  Con- 
cord.   Pop. in  1870, 11,954;  in  1880, 14,964;  in  1890, 18,142, 

Cabataan,  ki-bi-too-in',  a  town  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  Panay,  and  province  of  Iloilo.     Pop.  20,000. 

Cabazera,  kk-hk-zi'vi,,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  in 
Luzon,  province  of  Cagayan.     Pop.  12,000. 

Cabazon,  ki-bi-zon',  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  93  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Cabbage  (kab'bjj)  Farm,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Mecklenburg 
CO.,  Va.,  25  miles  from  Warrenton,  N.C. 

Cabbagetown,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  12 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Trenton. 

Cabe^o  de  Vide,  ki-bi'so  di  vee'di,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Alemtejo,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Aviz.     Pop.  1028. 

Cab'ell,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Guy- 
andotte  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  Huntington.  Pop.  in  1870,  6429 ;  in  1880,  13,744; 
in  1890,  23,595. 

Cabell  Court-Honse.    See  Barbourstille. 

Cabellio,  the  ancient  name  of  Cavaillon, 

Cabellos  da  Veiha,  ki-bdl'Ioce  d&  vdl'yS.,  a  bay  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Maranhao.  It  is  about  8  miles  square, 
and  is  interspersed  with  islands  and  sand-banks,  rendering 
it  difficult  of  access.     It  is  intersected  by  lat.  1°  40'  S. 

Cabenda,  Kabenda,  k&-bdn'd&,  or  Kabin'da,  a 
seaport  town  of  Western  Africa,  in  Angoy,  40  miles  N,  of 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Congo. 

Cab'ery,  a  post-village  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  24  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cabes,  kl'b^s,  or  Khabs,  kibs,  more  correctly 
Gabes,  g3,'b§s  (anc.  Tac'apa,  Tacape,  or  Capit),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Tunis,  200  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Tunis,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  ancient  Triton,  It  exports  henna,  Ac. 
See  Gulf  op  Cabes. 

Cabeza  del  Bney,  ki-bi'thl  dSl  boo-i'  (or  bwi),  a 
town  of  Spain,  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens  and  linens.  Pop.  6300.  There  are 
several  small  towns  in  Spain  called  Cabeza  and  Cabezas. 

Cabezas  de  San  Juan,  k&-bi'th&s  d&  s&n  Boo-&n',  a 
town  of  Spain,  27  miles  S.  of  Seville.  It  is  very  ancient, 
and  has  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  4650. 

Cabezon,kS,-bi-thon',  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles  N.N.E, 
of  Valladolid,  on  the  Pisuerga.     Pop.  1365, 

Cabeznela,  ki-bi-thoo-4'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  Estre- 
madura,  16  miles  N,E.  of  Plasencia,  on  the  Jerte.    P.  1801. 

Cabiao,  ka-Be-5w',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  in 
the  province  of  Pampanga,  N.W.  of  Manila.     Pop.  4940, 

Cabillonnm.    See  Chalon8-sur-Sa8ne, 

Cab'in  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  95  miles  N.W.  of  Little 
Rock,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Arkansas  River.  It  has  a 
steam  grist-mill. 

Cabin  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Delhi.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  manufactures  of  butter.     Pop.  120. 

Cabin  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  from  Edinburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Cabin  John,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
near  the  Potomac,  about  8  miles  above  Washington,  D.C. 

Cabin  Point,  a  post- village  of  Surry  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Waverly  Station,  which  is  21  miles  S.E.  of  Petersburg, 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Cabira,  the  ancient  name  of  Seevas. 

Cable,  ka'b'l,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  at 
the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Rock  Island  A  Peoria  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.     Pop.  1276. 

Cable,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  <fc  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  38  miles 
W.N.W,  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cable,  a  post-office  and  mining  camp  of  Deer  Lodge 
CO.,  Montana,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Anaconda.  Altitude, 
about  7000  feet.     It  has  2  quartz-mills. 

Cable,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bayfield  oo..  Wis.,  16  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hayward.     Pop.  125. 

Ca'bie  Island,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
in  the  Atlantic,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Youghal, 


Cabo  da  Roca,  the  Portuguese  for  Cape  Roca. 

Cabo  de  Boa  Esperan^a.    See  Cape  of  Good  Hopb. 

Cabo  de  Gata,  the  Spanish  for  Cape  Gata. 

Cabo  de  Palos,  the  Spanish  for  Cape  Palos,  _JL 

Cabo  de  Pefias,  the  Spanish  for  Cape  Penas.         ^H 

Cabo  do  Norte,  Brazil.     See  Cape  North.  ^| 

Cabo  Frio,  ki'bo  free'o  {i.e.,  "cool  cape"),  a  city  smd 
seaport  of  Brazil,  N.E.  of  the  cape  of  the  same  name  (see 
Cape  Frio),  state  and  75  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  It 
has  a  college,  established  in  1840.  The  town  is  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ararauma,  and  is  connected  with 
the  continent  by  a  bridge.  Climate  unhealthy.  It  has  an 
extensive  commerce  in  salt.     Pop.  3500. 

Cabool,  kib-ool',  written  also  Caboul,  Cabal, 
Caubul,  and  Kabul,  a  town  of  Asia,  capital  of  Afghan- 
istan, on  the  Cabool  River,  82  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghuznee. 
Lat.  34°  30i'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  6'  E.  Its  streets  are  narrow  and 
dirty,  and  so  crossed  by  gates  as  to  divide  the  town,  in  case 
of  tumult  or  war,  into  many  separate  fortresses.  Cabool  Is 
famous  for  its  fruit,  and  is  well  supplied  with  water.  Pop. 
about  60,000. 

Cabool,  ka-bool',  a  post-town  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  7S 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  5  churches,  a  col- 
lege, graded  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  359. 

Caboolistan',  or  Cabool,  a  province  in  the  N.E. 
of  Afghanistan,  including  that  part  which  is  under  the 
direct  control  of  the  ameer.     Area,  100  square  miles. 

Cabool  River,  or  Jui-Shir,  joo'ee-shir,  the  only 
large  tributary  of  the  Indus  from  the  W.,  rises  near  lat. 
34°  21'  N.  and  Ion.  68°  20'  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  8400  feet, 
and,  after  an  eastward  course  of  320  miles,  and  the  addition 
of  many  tributaries,  joins  the  Indus  near  Attock.  The 
towns  of  Cabool,  Jelalabad,  and  Lalpoor  are  on  its  banks. 

Ca'born's,apo8t-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  <k  Southeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  W,  of  Evansville. 
It  ha£  a  church, 

Cab'ot,  a  post-village  of  Lonoke  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Little  Rock.     It  has  5  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cabot,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in  Cabot 
township,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1279. 

Cabot's  Head,  the  extreme  point  of  a  promontory 
separating  Lake  Huron  from  Georgian  Bay. 

Cabotville,  a  former  name  of  Chicopee,  Mass. 

Caboul,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Cabra,  k&'br&  (anc.  ^gabrum),  a  town  of  Spain,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova.  It  has  an  endowed  college,  a 
Latin  and  a  normal  school,  a  hospital,  a  Dominican  convent, 
and  manufactures  of  tiles,  bricks,  linens,  and  soap.  Its 
neighborhood  produces  wine  of  superior  quality.  Pop. 
11,076.  Several  small  towns  in  Spain,  and  one  of  the 
Nicobar  Islands,  have  the  name  of  Cabra. 

Cabra,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Kabra. 

Cabra  del  Santo  Cristo,  k&'br&  dSl  s&n'to  krees'to^ 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Jaen. 
Pop.  2146. 

Cabras,  k&'br&s,  a  small  but  fruitful  island  of  the 
Philippines,  between  Luzon  and  Mindoro. 

Cabras,  ki'bris,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sardinia,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  3719. 

Cabra  (k&'br&)  Spring,  a  post-office  and  sheep-ranch 
of  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Cabrera,  ki-bri'r4  (anc.  Capra'ria),  one  of  the  Bale- 
aric Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  9  miles  S.  of  Majorca. 
It  has  a  fort  and  a  harbor,  and  is  used  by  the  Spanish  gov- 
ernment as  a  place  of  exile.  Cabrera  is  also  the  name  of 
several  villages  and  a  river  of  Spain. 

Cabrera,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands.     See  Kabrera. 

Cabriel,  k3,-bree-81',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
joins  the  Jucar  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles. 

Cabrobo,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  Quebrobo. 

Cabrutte,  one  of  the  Laccadive  Islands. 

Cabul,  a  town  of  Afohanistan.     See  Cabool. 

Ca9apaba,  ki-si-pS'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  a 
district  of  the  same  name,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  150 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Porto  Alegre.     Pop.  3500. 

Cac'apon  (often pronounced  ki'pon;  or  Great  Cac'-  - 
apon  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Hardy  co.    It  runs  in  | 
a  N.N.E.  direction,  intersects  Hampshire  and  Mor.^an  cos.,  i 
and  enters  the  Potomac  River  about  5  miles  from  Berkeley 
Springs.     It  is  nearly  130  miles  long.     About  8  miles  W. 
of  this  river  is  a  ridge  called  Cacapon  Mountain,  which 
is  in  Hampshire  co. 

Caccamo,  k4k-k3,'mo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
I  18  milei  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  7203. 


I 


OAO 


753 


CAD 


Caccavone,  kik-k&-vo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Campobasso,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Agnone.     Pop.  2752. 

Caccuri)  kik-koo'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
CaUnzaro,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  1178. 

Caceres,  ki'thi-rfis,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura.  Area,  7018  square  miles.  It  belongs  wholly  to  the 
basin  of  the  Tagus.     Pop.  302,455. 

Caceres  (anc.  Caa'tra  Csecil'ia),  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  capital  of  the  above,  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Trujillo.  It  is  divided  into  the  old  and  the  new  town. 
The  old  town  occupies  the  top  of  a  hill,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  strong  wall  defended  by  towers  and  having  five  gates. 
The  new  town  is  built  round  the  old,  and  forms  the  more 
important  portion.  The  houses  are  well  constructed ;  the 
streets  steep,  and  with  few  exceptions  narrow  and  ill  paved. 
Its  principal  square  is  lined  with  good  houses,  shops,  and 
public  buildings,  and  in  the  centre  is  a  handsome  prome- 
nade. The  public  edifices  are  its  churches,  a  town  house, 
session-house,  hospitals,  2  prisons,  a  theatre,  and  normal 
and  other  schools ;  besides  which  it  has  a  Jesuits'  college, 
convents,  and  palaces,  an  alcazar  or  castle,  and  a  bull-ring. 
Linen,  cloth,  baize,  hats,  leather,  ropes,  soap,  earthenware, 
wine,  and  oil  are  manufactured,  and  it  has  a  trade  in  cattle, 
bacon,  wool,  manufactured  goods,  &c.     Pop.  13,466. 

Caceres,  ki's^-rfis  or  kl'thi-rSs,  a  town  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  department  of  Antioquia,  110  miles  N.  of 
Popayan. 

Caceres,  or  Nueva  Caceres,  noo-i'v4  ki'sir-ris,  a 
town  and  bishop's  see  of  the  Philippines,  island  of  Luzon, 
on  the  S.E.  coast,  175  miles  S.  of  Manila.  Pop.,  with  the 
suburbs,  Santa  Cruz  and  Tabuco,  12,000. 

Cachao,  a  city  of  Anam.    See  Ketcho. 

Cachar,  ki-char',  a  district  of  India,  in  Assam,  about 
lat.  24°-26°  N.,  Ion.  92°  30'-93°  30'  E.  Area,  1285  square 
miles;  of  the  Cachar  Hills  (additional),  3175  square  miles. 
It  produces  large  amounts  of  tea  for  export,  and  is  in  part 
mountainous,  with  fertile  plains.  Rice  and  cotton  are  also 
leading  products.  Capital,  Silchar.  Pop.  205,027,  excluding 
the  hill-tract. 

Cache,  kash,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  border- 
ing on  Idaho,  has  an  area  of  about  1090  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Bear  River.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous. This  county  comprises  a  large  part  of  the  fertile 
Cache  Valley,  which  extends  60  miles  N.  and  S.  and  is  7 
miles  wide  on  an  average.  This  valley  is  bounded  on  each 
side  by  high  ridges  of  carboniferous  limestone,  is  watered 
by  numerous  creeks,  and  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat, 
oats,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Bear  River 
runs  across -Cache  Valley,  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
traverses  the  county  in  the  N.W.  Capital,  Logan.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8229;  in  1880,  12,562;  in  1890,  15,509. 

Cache,  kash,  a  river  of  Arkansas,  rises  in  the  extreme 
northeastern  part  of  the  state,  and  runs  southwestward.  It 
drains  parts  of  the  counties  of  Greene,  Craighead,  Jackson, 
and  Woodruff,  and  enters  AVhite  River  at  Clarendon,  Mon- 
roe CO.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  230  miles. 

Cache,  a  river  of  Illinois,  drains  parts  of  Johnson, 
Pulaski,  and  Alexander  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Cairo.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Cache  Creek,  California,  issues  from  the  S.E.  end  of 
Clear  Lake,  runs  southeastward  through  Yolo  co.,  and  enters 
the  Sacramento  River  about  6  miles  above  Charleston.  It 
is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Cache  Creek,  a  small  post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Woodland,  and  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacra- 
mento.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  3067. 

Cache  la  Poudre  (kish  14  poo'd'r)  Creek,  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  Snowy  Range,  runs  southeastward  through  Lar- 
imer CO.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  in  Weld 
CO.  near  Greeley.  It  is  nearly  120  miles  long.  The  valley 
of  this  creek  is  very  fertile. 

Cachemire,  a  French,  spelling  of  Cashmere. 

Cacheo,  k4-shi'o,  or  Cacheu,  k&-shi'oo,  a  Portu- 
guese settlement  in  Senegambia,  Africa,  near  the  coast, 
and  on  the  Cacheo,  85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bathurst. 

Cacheo,  a  city  of  Anam.   See  Ketcho. 

Cacheville,  kish'vil,  a  village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Cache  Creek,  and  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  wagon- 
Bhops.     Here  is  Yolo  Post-Office. 

Cachias,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Caxias. 

Cachimayo,  ka-che-mi'o,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  flows  into 
the  Pilcomayo,  after  a  course  of  340  miles. 

Cachoeira,  or  Caxoeira,  ki-sho-i'e-ri,  a  Brazilian 
word  signifying  "waterfall,"  given  as  a  name  to  several 
towns  and  villages  of  South  America. 

Cachoeira,  or  Caxoeira,  a  populona  and  commercial 


city  of  Brazil,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  ParaguafO- 
Chief  exports,  tobacco  and  coffee.     Pop.  of  district,  15,000. 

Cachoeira,  or  Caxoeira,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  220  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Grande. 

Cachoeira  Grande,  gr&n'di,  a  fortified  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Pard,  on  the  Tocantins.     Pop.  4000. 

Cacongo,  ki-kong'go,  a  town  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Angola,  capital  of  a  petty  state,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Loango. 

Cacouna,  k&^koo^n^',  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  131  miles  below  Quebec.  It  is 
a  fashionable  watering-place.  The  village  contains  an 
extensive  hotel,  a  smaller  one,  several  cottages,  boarding 
houses,  handsome  villas,  stores,  and  churches.     Pop.  641. 

Cac'tus,  a  post-village  of  Webb  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational &,  Great  Northern  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of 
Laredo. 

Cactus  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Trinity  River,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Cadalen,  kiMi'15N»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Gaillac.     Pop.  2004. 

Cadaqnes,  ki-Di'kSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  X.E. 
of  Gerona,  with  a  port  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2530. 

Cad^aret'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Miss.,  20 
miles  from  Duck  Hill  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Cad'do,  a  parish  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  825  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Red  River,  and  contains  Soda  Lake, 
which  communicates  with  Caddo  Lake,  which  is  partly  in 
Texas  and  partly  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  cattle 
are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  several  other  lines  which  meet  at 
Shreveport,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,714;  in  1880, 
26,296;  in  1890,31,555. 

Caddo,  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  31  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Coal,  lead, 
and  other  minerals  are  found  here.     Pop.  400. 

Caddo,  a  post-village  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Ranger.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  agricultural  region, 
and  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Caddo'a,  a  station  in  Bent  co..  Col.,  on  the  Atchigon, 
Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Las  Animas. 

Caddo  Creek,  or  Fourche  (foorsh)  Caddo,  Ar- 
kansas, drains  part  of  Montgomery  co.,  runs  southeastward 
through  Clark  co.,  and  enters  the  Ouachita  River  about  b 
miles  N.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Caddo  Gap,  formerly  Centreville,  a  post- village  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Ark.,  on  Caddo  Creek,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cadao  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Cleburne.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Caddo  Lake  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Marion  and  Harrison  cos.,  Tex.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long. 
The  eastern  part  of  it  is  in  Caddo  parish.  La.,  and  commu- 
nicates with  Soda  Lake.  These  lakes  are  navigable  by 
steamboats,  which  can  pass  from  them  into  Red  River. 

Caddo  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  about 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Caddo  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Callahan  co.  Tex. 

Cadenet,  ki^d?h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  2675. 

Cadereita,  k4-d4-ri'tl  or  ki-di-ri'e-ti,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  42  miles  E.  of  Queretaro.  Pop.  4000. 
In  its  vicinity  silver-mines  are  worked. 

Cad'er-Id'ris,  the  loftiest  mountain  in  Wales,  except 
Snowdon,  is  in  the  county  of  Merioneth,  4  miles  S.  of  Dol- 
gelly.     It  ascends  precipitously  to  a  height  of  2914  feet. 

Caderousse,  kS,'d§h-rooce',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Vaucluse,  on  the  Rhone,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Avignon.     Pop.  3111. 

Cade's,  a  station  in  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on  th» 
Northeastern  Railroad,  72  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Cade's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Cadet,  ka-d6t',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Washington 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  <fc  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  57  miles 
S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches.  Large  quantitiea 
of  lead  and  barytes  are  shipped  here. 

Cade'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  parish.  La. 

Cadillac,  ki'dee^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  Garonne,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2569. 

Cadillac',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich., 
on  Clam  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Cadillac  «fc  Northeastern  Rail- 
road, 98  miles  N.  of  Gram'  Rapids.     It  contains  8  churches. 


CAD 


754 


CAE 


a  bank,  extensive  lumb«r-mills,  foundries,  and  machine- 
ebops,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  bricks,  carriages,  &o. 
Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  (1890) 
4461.     The  place  was  formerly  called  Clam  Lake. 

Cadiz,  ki'diz  (Sp.  pron.  ki'deeth ;  Fr.  Cadix,  ki^deex' ; 
anc.  Ga'des),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince of  its  own  name,  on  the  isle  of  Leon,  off  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Andalusia,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Gibraltar,  and  64  miles  S. 
of  Seville.  Lat.  36°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  17'  15"  W.  It  stands 
on  a  narrow  tongue  of  land,  which  projects  about  5  miles 
N.N.W.  into  the  sea;  it  is  surrounded  on  three  sides  by 
water,  and  is  strongly  defended  both  by  nature  and  by  art. 
The  entrance  to  its  capacious  bay  is  commanded  by  forts, 
while  on  the  other  sides  large  vessels  cannot  approach 
within  three-fourths  of  a  mile  of  the  city.  The  city  itself 
is  surrounded  by  walls  of  great  height  and  thickness, 
flanked  with  towers  and  bastions.  It  is  the  terminus  of 
two  railways,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  houses  are  con- 
structed of  freestone,  generally  of  three,  sometimes  of  four, 
stories,  and  are  often  surmounted  by  lofly  towers.  One  of 
the  most  conspicuous  objects  in  Cadiz  is  the  light-house  of 
San  Sebastian,  172  feet  above  the  ground.  The  principal 
edifices  are  the  old  cathedral,  one  of  the  most  regular  build- 
ings in  Cadiz ;  the  new  cathedral,  of  marble ;  and  several 
nunneries,  convents,  and  theatres. 

Among  benevolent  establishments  may  be  named  the  Casa 
de  Misericordia,  a  magnificent  hospital  and  lunatic  asylum ; 
the  female  hospital,  and  numerous  other  hospitals  and  in- 
firmaries; and  the  house  of  refuge  of  San  Servando  and 
San  German,  where  destitute  children  or  young  criminals 
are  instructed.  The  principal  educational  institutions  are 
the  medical  school,  the  seminary  of  San  Bartolomeo,  sev- 
eral schools,  and  an  academy  of  fine  arts.  The  bay,  which 
is  formed  by  the  peninsula  and  the  mainland,  is  spacious, 
and  affords  good  anchorage.  La  Caraca,  the  royal  dock- 
yard, is  situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  inner  bay,  about  6 
miles  from  the  city,  and  is  defended  by  the  cross-fire  of 
two  forts.  It  contains  three  spacious  basins  and  twelve 
docks  or  slips.  The  trade  of  Cadiz  is  less  extensive  than 
formerly.  The  chief  article  exported  is  sherry  wine.  Salt 
is  another  article  of  export.  The  chief  imports  are  staves, 
tobacco,  hides,  cacao,  indigo,  cochineal,  dyewoods,  sugar, 
codfish,  and  coals. 

Cadiz  was  founded  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  early  became 
I  commercial  town  of  great  importance.  It  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Carthaginians  in  the  first  Punic  War;  in  the 
second  Punic  War  it  voluntarily  surrendered  to  the  Romans. 
Its  inhabitants  received  the  Roman  franchise  from  Julius 
Caesar.  The  city  has  been  often  besieged.  It  was  taken 
in  1596  by  Lord  Essex.     In  1823  it  surrendered  to  the 

French.      Pop.  65,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Gadita'nian 

(Sp.  Gaditano,  gi-De-ti'no). 

Cadiz,  one  of  the  three  provinces  into  which  the  ancient 
kingdom  of  Seville,  in  Spain,  has  been  divided.  It  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  provinces  of  Huelva  and  Seville,  E.  by 
Malaga,  and  S.  and  W.  by  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar  and  the 
Atlantic.    Area,  2816  square  miles.     Pop.  426,499. 

Cadiz,  ka'diz,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Harrison  township,  6  miles  from  New  Castle,  and  about  36 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tile-factory. 

Cadiz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trigg  oo.,  Ky.,  on  Lit- 
tle River,  about  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paducah,  and  9  miles  E. 
of  the  Cumberland  River.  It  has  5  churches,  2  seminaries, 
a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs,  wagons, 
Ac.     A  weekly  newspaper  is  issued  here.     Pop.  1000. 

Cadiz,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Ischua 
Creek,  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  li  miles  from 
Franklinville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Cadiz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in 
Cadiz  township,  about  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton,  and  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
fertile  country,  which  is  moderately  hilly  and  contains 
mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of 
the  Cadiz  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad. 
It  has  2  national  banks,  4  or  5  churches,  a  union  school,  and 
a  savings-bank.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1716 ;  of  the  township,  3041. 

Cadiz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  in  Cadiz  town- 
ship, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  church.  The 
township  is  traversed  by  the  Pecatonica  River.     Pop.  1349. 

Cadiz,  ki'diz,  a  small  town  of  South  America,  in  Ven- 
ezuela, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cubagua. 

Cadiz  Junction,  a  village  in  German  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Cadiz  Branch,  25  miles  W.  of 


Steubenville,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  a  churob. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Means. 

Cad'mus,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas. 

Cadomus,  or  Cadomum,  the  Latin  for  Caen. 

Cadore,  ki-do'ri,  or  Pieve  di  Cadore,  pe-i'vi 
dee  ki-do'ri,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  on  the  Piave,  22  J 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Belluno.  Pop.  3164.  In  1797  the  French 
here  gained  a  victory  over  the  Austrians. 

Cadosia,  ka-do'she-a),  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  near  Hancock  Station. 

Cadosia  Snmmit,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Midland  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Walton. 

CaMott',  a  post-town  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
sphool,  and  manufactures  of  hubs  and  spokes  and  staves, 
<fcc.     Pop.  750. 

Cadotte  (k^-dSf)  Pass,  Montana,  is  in  Deer  Lodge 
CO.,  about  lat.  47°  N.,  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Helena.  It  is 
a  depression  in  the  main  range  of  the  Rooky  Mountains. 

Cadron  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southwestward,  drains 
parts  of  Conway  and  Faulkner  cos.,  and  enters  the  Arkan- 
sas River  about  12  miles  E.  of  Lewisburg. 

Cadsand,  k4t-s&nt',  Cadzand,  k&d-z&nt',  or  Cas- 
sandria,  kis-s&n'dre-&  (Ital.  Gazzaute,  g3,d-z&n't&),  an 
island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
West  Scheldt,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  N.  of 
Sluis.     Pop.  1192. 

Cadvalonga,  Philippines.    See  CATBALoeAjr. 

Cadwal'lader,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ca'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in  Clinton 
township,  2  miles  from  Frazer  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Cady  Mills,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  in 
Cady  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Hersey  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  about  28  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  shingles.     Pop.  771. 

Cadyna,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Nigdeh. 

Ca'dy's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Lamoille  River,  1  mile  S.  of  Hyde  Park. 

Cadytis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Jerusalem. 

Ca'dyville,  or  JErsinore',  a  post-village  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Plattsburg  township,  on  the  Saranac  River,  10 
miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  iron. 

Caecina,  the  ancient  name  of  Cecina. 

Caen,  kbs°  (L.  Cado'mut  or  dado' mum),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Calvados  (Normandy),  148 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris,  in  a  valley,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Ome  with  the  Odon,  10  miles  from  the  English  Channel, 
and  at  the  terminus  of  a  railway.  Lat.  49°  11'  12"  N. ; 
Ion.  0°  21'  W.  The  streets  are  broad,  regular,  and  clean. 
The  town  is  traversed  by  a  canal  supplied  by  the  Odon  and 
employed  to  drive  the  machinery  of  numerous  manufac- 
tories. The  houses  are  generally  well  built,  of  an  excellent 
freestone  which  is  extensively  quarried  in  the  vicinity  and 
exported  to  foreign  countries  under  the  name  of  Caen  stone 
The  public  walks  are  beautiful,  especially  the  Cours,  a  splen- 
did avenue  about  a  mile  in  length.  Caen  has  numerous 
fine  churches  and  other  buildings,  which  are  admirable  ■ 
specimens  of  the  Norman  style  of  architecture.  Among 
these  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  Etienne,  or Abbaye  aux  Hommea, 
containing  the  tomb  of  William  the  Conqueror,  who  founded 
it  in  1066 ;  the  church  of  the  Trinity,  or  the  Abbaye  aux 
Barnes,  founded  by  Matilda,  wife  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
in  1066 ;  and  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas.  One  of  the  finest 
churches  in  Caen  is  that  of  St.  Pierre,  whose  tower,  as  well 
as  part  of  the  nave  and  the  three  porches,  was  built  in  1308. 
Other  buildings  and  institutions  are  the  hotel  of  the  pr6- 
fecture,  in  the  Italian  style;  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the 
remains  of  the  castle  built  by  William  the  Conqueror ;  the 
H6tel-Dieu;  the  Hdtel  Valois;  the  public  library,  with 
50,000  volumes;  museum,  cabinet  of  natural  history,  botan- 
ical garden,  custom-house,  Ac.  Caen  is  the  seat  of  a  court 
of  first  resort,  and  of  commerce,  an  academy  of  arts  and 
sciences,  an  academic  universitaire,  with  faculties  of  sci- 
ences, literature,  and  law,  a  school  of  medicine,  school  of 
hydrography,  deaf  and  dumb  institution,  normal  school, 
school  of  design,  and  other  institutions  for  the  promotion 
of  the  arts,  sciences,  and  literature. 

Caen  has  manufactures  of  hats,  lace,  flannels,  linen,  cotton 
goods,  gloves,  shot,  porcelain,  leather,  paper-hangings,  cut- 
lery, oils,  <fcc, ;  some  ship-buUding  is  also  carried  on.  There 
is  a  considerable  trade  in  grain,  wine,  brandy,  cider,  clover- 
seed,  hemp,  cattle  and  horses,  fish,  salt  provisions,  iron, 
steel,  hardware,  and  grindstones.  Nothing  certain  is  known 
of  the  origin  of  Caen.     In  912,  when  Neustria  was  ceded  to 


CM 


755 


CAII 


the  Normans,  it  was  a  place  of  importance,     William  the 
Conqueror,  and  his  wife  Matilda,  adorned  it  with  many 
edificea.     It  became  the  capital  of  Lower  Normandy.     In 
1346  it  was  taken  and  pillaged  by  Edward  III.  of  England. 
It  was  again  taken  by  the  English  in  1417,  and  wrested 
from  them  in  1450  by  Dunois.     Pop.  in  1891,  45,201. 
CsenC)  an  ancient  name  of  Senn. 
CaenepoliS)  the  ancient  name  of  Kexeh. 
Csenys,  the  ancient  name  of  Cape  Cavallo. 
Caer,  ki'er  (Celtic,  "  a  castle").     For  names  with  this 
I  prefix,  not  mentioned  below,  see  Car. 
I      Caer-Caradoc,  kQr-ka-rad'9k,  or  Crad'ock-Hill^ 
I  in  England,  co.  of  Salop,  is  near  the  confluence  of  the  Clun 
I  and  the  Teond.    On  it  are  the  vestiges  of  the  camp  which  the 
celebrated  Caraotacus  defended  against  the  Roman  general 
I  Ostorius,  and  whence  its  name  is  derived. 
I       Caerdiflf,  a  borough  of  "Wales.    See  Cardiff. 
i      Caerdydd,  the  Welsh  for  Cardiff, 
!       Caere,  the  ancient  name  for  Cervetere, 
I       Caergwrle^  kar-goor'li,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co,  of 
I  Flint,  5  miles  by  rail  N.N,W,  of  Wrexham,     Pop,  860. 
i       Caergybi,  a  town  of  Wales,     See  Holyhead. 
i      Caerlav'erock,  or  Carlav'erock,  a  parish  of  Soot- 
land,  CO.  and  5  miles  S,S,E,  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Solway 
,  Firth,     Here  is  Caerlaverock  Castle,  the  ruined  seat  of  the 

Maxwells,  described  in  Scott's  "  Guy  Mannering," 
I       Caerleoii)  k^rHe'on  {i.e.,  "  castle  of  the  legion ;"  anc, 
Is'ca  Silu'rum),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  on 
I  the  Usk,  2i  miles  N,E,  of  Newport,     It  is  interesting  as  the 
j  ancient  capital  of  Britannia  Secunda  (modern  Wales),  and 
I  as  having  been  a  place  of  importance  in  the  twelfth  century, 
i  Various  Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered  in   and 
!  around  the  town,     Caerleon  is  famous  as  one  of  the  tra- 
ditional capitals  of  King  Arthur's  realms.     Pop.  1411. 
CaermartheU)  in  South  Wales.    See  Carmarthen, 
Caernarvon,  a  town  of  North  Wales,    See  Carnarvon, 
Caernarvon,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  927. 
Caernarvon,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa,     Pop, 
1666,     It  contains  Churchtown, 
Caer-Odor,  the  ancient  British  name  of  Bristol, 
Caer-Peris,  the  ancient  name  of  Portchesteh, 
Caerphilly,  kar-fil'lee  or  kar-fith'lee,  a  town  of  Wales, 
00,  of  Glamorgan,  7  miles  N,N.W,  of  Cardiff.     Pop,  634, 

Caerwys,  kir'wis,  a  town  of  Wales,  co,  of  Flint,  on  a 
railway,  4i  miles  S,W.  of  Holywell,     Pop.  804. 
Csesaraugusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Saragossa. 
Csesar  (or  Cesar,  see'zfr)    Creek,  a  township  of 
Dearborn  co,,  Ind.     Pop.  556. 

Csesarea,  ses-^-ree'a,  Kaisareeyeh,  orKaisariah, 
ki-si-ree'a,  a  small  haven  of  Palestine,  in  lat,  32°  23'  N,, 
Ion,  34°  44'  E,,  55  miles  N.N,W.  of  Jerusalem.  It  is  now 
a  mass  of  shapeless  ruins,  encompassed  by  a  low  wall  of 
gray  stone.  Water  being  good  and  abundant,  coasting- 
vessels  often  put  in  here.  The  ancient  city  was  founded  by 
Herod  the  Great,  B.C.  22,  and  was  the  scene  of  several  inter- 
esting events  mentioned  in  Scripture,  In  a,d.  635  the 
Saracens  captured  it,  and  they  retained  the  place  till  1101, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  Crusaders,  Csesarea  was  also  the 
ancient  name  of  the  modern  city  of  Kaisareeyeh, 

Csesarea,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co,,  Ontario,  18 
miles  N,  by  W,  of  Bowmanville,     Pop,  200. 
Csesarea,  the  ancient  name  of  Cherchell. 
Caesarea,  an  ancient  name  of  Jersey. 
Caesarea  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Aiit-Zabba. 
Csesarea  Ptiiiippi,  the  ancient  name  of  Panbas. 
Ca;saris  3Ious,  the  Latin  name  of  Kaiserbero, 
Cicsarodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Tours, 
Csesaromagus,  an  ancient  name  of  Beauvais. 
Caesar's  (see'z§rz)  Creek,  rises  towards  the  S.W.  part 
of  Ohio,  and  enters  the  Little  Miami  in  Warren  co. 

Caesar's  Creek,  township,  Greene  co.,  0.    Pop.  1114. 
Caesarvllle,  see'z§r-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Johnston  town- 
ship. Providence  co,,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Manton. 
Catta,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kaffa, 
Caffarelli  (kS,f-fi-r5l'lee)  Islands,  a  part  of  the  Buc- 
caneer Archipelago,  at  the  entrance  of  King's  Sound.     Lat. 
16°  3'  S, ;  Ion.  123°  16'  E. 
Caffraria,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Kaffkaria. 
Caffristan,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Kafiristan. 
Cafsa,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Gapsa. 
Cagayan,  ki-ghi-in',  an  extensive  province  at  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Luzon.     Pop.  about  90,000. 

Cagayanes,  ka,-ghi-i'n&,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  Sooloo  Sea.     Lat.  9°  35'  30"  N.;  Ion.  121°  15'  30"  E. 
Cagayan-Sooloo,  ki-ghi-ln'-sooHoo',  orCagayan 
de  Jolo,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Soo- 
loo Sea.     Lat.  6°  58'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  118°  28'  11"  E. 


Ca'gel's  Mill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pope  c^.,  Ark. 
Cage'ville,  a  former  name  of  Alauo,  Tenn. 
Caggiano,  kid-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  or 

Salerno,  14  miles  N,  of  Diano.     Pop,  4245. 

Cagle's  (ka'gl'z)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph 
CO.,  N.C.,  11  miles  from  Troy.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Cagli,  kil'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  13 
miles  S.  of  Urbino,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bosso  and  Can- 
tiano.  It  has  a  trade  in  tanned  and  dressed  leather.  Re- 
mains of  the  ancient  Gallia  have  been  discovered  near  it,  but 
the  modern  town  dates  from  the  thirteenth  century.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  10,213. 

Cagliari,  kil'yi-re  (anc.  Car'alia  or  Gal'aris),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  an  extensive  bay 
of  its  S.  coast.  Lat.  of  the  tower  of  St.  Pancraoio,  39°  13' 
14"  N,,  Ion,  9°  7'  48"  E,  The  ancient  city,  situated  on  a 
low  hill,  comprises  the  citadel,  viceregal  palace,  cathedral, 
and  most  of  the  residences  of  the  nobility.  The  Marina, 
extending  to  the  shore,  is  a  well-built  quarter,  containing 
the  dwellings  of  most  of  the  merchants  and  foreign  consuls, 
with  warehouses,  arsenal,  lazaretto,  and  mole.  The  town  is 
the  southeastern  terminus  of  a  system  of  railways,  Cagli- 
ari has  about  30  churches,  upwards  of  20  convents,  hospitals, 
a  female  orphan  asylum,  a  public  library  with  22,000  vol- 
umes, college,  university,  theatre,  mint,  several  museums, 
and  prisons.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the  safest  in  the  Medi- 
terranean. Cagliari  has  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics, 
cake  saffron,  gunpowder,  soap,  furniture,  leather,  Ac,  It 
exports  grain,  vegetables,  salt,  oil,  wine,  clieese,  flax,  hides, 
saffron,  and  rags.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  royal  court,  of  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce,  and  the  residence  of  the  viceroy  and 
of  an  archbishop.  Pop.  33,039.  It  has  remains  of  a  Roman 
amphitheatre  and  of  an  aqueduct,  and  some  vestiges  of  the 
Greek  city  founded  before  the  Roman  dominion. 

Cagliari,  a  province  of  Italy,  comprising  the  southern 
part  (more  than  half)  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  Area, 
5224  square  miles.     Capital,  Cagliari.     Pop.  393,208, 

Caguano,  kin-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  on  the  Garganian  Promontory,  25  miles  N,E.  of 
Foggia,     Pop,  4135, 

Cagnano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Aquila,     Pop.  2180. 

Cagnes,  kaS,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  W,  of  Nice.     Pop.  1928. 

Cagsana,  k&g-s&'n&,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  prov- 
ince of  Albay,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Luzon. 

Caguan,  kS,-gw5.n',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Cundinamarca,  on  the  Caguan  River,  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Japura,  120  miles  S.S.W,  of  Bogota, 

Cahaba,  a  river  of  Alabama,     See  C  ah  awe  a. 

Cahabon,  Ciyabon,  or  Caxabon,  ki-Hi-v5n',  a 
town  of  Guatemala,  province  of  Vera  Paz,  on  the  Rio  Dulce, 
25  miles  N,E,  of  Coban,     Pop,  6000. 

Cahaw'ba,  a  river  of  Alabama,  drains  parts  of  Jeffer- 
son and  Shelby  cos.  It  runs  southwestward  through  Bibb 
CO.,  and  southward  through  Perry  co.,  and  enters  the  Ala- 
bama River  at  Cahawba  in  Dallas  co.  It  is  about  200  miles 
long,  and  is  navigable  for  small  boats.  Coal  is  found  in  its 
basin. 

Cahawba,  or  Cahaba,  ka-haw'ba,  a  decayed  post- 
village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Cahawba  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  It 
has  3  churches  and  several  artesian  wells.  Cotton  is  shipped 
here  in  steamboats.     Pop,  431, 

Cahete,  ki-i'ti,  or  Villanova  da  Rainha,  veel- 
li-no'vi  dk  ri-een'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Qeraes, 
25  miles  S,E,  of  Sahara,     Pop.  6000. 

Cahide,  ki-ee'di,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Minho,  30 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Oporto, 

Cahir,  or  Caher,  kih'hgr  or  kare,  a  small  island  near 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  4i  miles  from  the  shore. 

Cahir,  or  Caher,  an  island  of  Ireland,  3^  miles  S.  of 
Clare  Island. 

Cahir,  or  Caher,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
on  the  Suir,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Clonmel.     Pop.  2694. 

Cahirciveen,  or  Cahirsiveen,  kah'h§r-ae-veen',  a 
town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kerry,  2i  miles  E.N.E,  of  Valentia. 
Pop,  1925. 

Cahirconlish,  kah'h^r-kon'lish,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  9  miles  E.S.E,  of  Limerick.     Pop,  432, 

Cahirconree,  kah'h^r-con-ree',  a  mountain  of  Ireland, 
00,  of  Kerry,  on  the  isthmus  between  Tralee  Bay  and  Caa- 
tlemains  Harbor.     Height,  2784  feet. 

Cahla,  Kahla,  kl'14,  or  Kahle,  ki'la,  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Saxe-Altenburg,  16  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Rudolstadt,     Pop,  2781, 


OAH 


756 


OAl 


v^~ 


Cahoes,  or  Cahoos,  New  York.  See  Cohoes. 
Caho'ka,  Clarke  co.,  Mo.  See  Kahoka. 
Caho'kia,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the, 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
i  miles  from  East  St.  Louis,  is  inhabited  by  descendants 
of  the  French,  who  settled  here  in  1682.  In  the  vicinity 
are  many  remarkable  mounds  of  prehistoric  date. 

Cahokia  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Macoupin  co.,  runs 
southwestward  through  Madison  co.,  and  enters  the  Missis 
sippi  River  at  East  St.  Louis,  opposite  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It 
is  about  80  miles  long. 
V  >J  CahorS)  ki^oB'  (anc.  Divo'na),  a  town  of  France,  capi- 

/     ,  tal  of  the  department  of  Lot,  on  a  rocky  peninsula,  almost 

^  enclosed  by  the  river  Lot,  and  on  a  railway,  60  miles  N.  of 

■^  \  Toulouse.     The  principal  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  a  vast 

^  mediaeval  building  with  two  cupolas,  the  prefecture,  theatre, 

^  a  public  library  containing  15,000  volumes,  and  three  re- 

■>^  markable  towers  on  one  of  the  bridges.     Cahors  is  the  seat 

of  an  acadSmie,  a  national  college,  normal  school,  and  cham- 
bers of  commerce  and  manufactures.     It  has  manufactures 
of  woollens,  cotton  yam,  leather,  paper,  and  stoneware,  an 
active  trade  in  wines,  brandy,  trufSes,  &e.     Cahors  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  capital  of  the  Cadurci  before  the 
conquest  of  Gaul  by  Caasar.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop.  13,061. 
Cah'tOy  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  fine 
grazing  section,  45  miles  N.  of  Ukiah  and  25  miles  E.  of 
Westport.     Pop.  250. 
Caiasso,  or  Caiazzo.    See  Cajazzo. 
Caibarien,  ki-bi-re-Sn',  or  Puerto  de  Caibarien, 
pwfiR'to  da  ki-bi-re-8n',  a  seaport  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba, 
5  miles  from  Remedios,  to  which  and  to  Espiritu  Santo  a 
railway  extends.     Pop.  about  7500. 

Caicos,  or  Caycos,  ki'kSce,  a  group  of  islands,  ge- 
ographically a  part  of  the  Bahamas,  but  politically  with 
Turk's  Islands  a  dependency  of  Jamaica.     They  are  sepa- 
rated by  Caicos  Passage  from  Mariguana,  and  by  Turk's 
Islands  Passage  from  Turk's  Islands  (which  see).    P.  2845. 
Caicus,  the  ancient  name  of  Bakeer-Chai. 
Caieta,  C^eta,  ancient  names  of  Gaeta. 
Caiffa,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Haifa. 
Cai-Fong,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kai-Fong. 
Caihapoyasj  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Chachapoyas. 
CailaS)  a  mountain-region  of  Thibet.     See  Kailas. 
Cailloma,  or  Caylloma,  kil-yo'mi,  a  town  of  Peru, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  department  and  85 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Arequipa. 

Caillou  (k4-yoo'  or  kairioo')  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in 
Terre  Bonne  parish,  about  2  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
The  Grand  Caillou  Bayou  runs  through  this  lake  (which  is 
10  miles  long)  into  the  Gulf. 

Caimanera,  ki^mi-ni'Ri,  a  port  of  Cuba,  on  Cumber- 
land Harbor,  is  connected  by  railway  with  Guantanamo,  15 
miles  distant,  of  which  place  it  is  the  port.  Vessels  of  any 
draught  can  enter  the  harbor,  and  those  of  14  feet  can  lie  at 
the  wharf  and  receive  their  lading  from  the  railway -cars. 
It  is  a  healthy  place. 
Caiman  Islands.  See  Cathans. 
Cain,  a  post-town  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  21  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Lyons.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  in  1890,  83. 

CainesTille,  kanz'vll,  a  post-village  in  Madison  town- 
ship, Harrison  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand 
River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Princeton,  and  24  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Leon,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber, 
Ac.     Pop.  418;  of  the  township,  1437. 

Cain>hoy'  (Wando  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Charleston 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Wando  River,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  318. 

Caino,  ki'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  9  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  761. 

Cain's,  kanz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Buford  Railroad  Station. 

Cain's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Coatesville. 

Cain's,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1007. 
Cain's  River,  a  stream  issuing  from  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  falls  into  the  Miramichi  14  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Bartholomew.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Cain's  River,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
New  Brunswick,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle.     Pop.  100. 
Cain's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 
Cainsville,  kanz'vil,apost-hamlet  of  Wilson  CO.,  Tenn., 
13  mixes  N.E.  of  Murfreesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cainsville,  or  Cayuga  Heights,  a  post-village  in 
Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Brantford.     Pop.  300. 


Cain'tOAvn,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co,,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Mallorytown.   It  contains  a  saw-mill.   Pop.  250. 

Cain'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mag- 
nolia township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Caipha,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Haifa. 

^a  Ira,  si  ee-ri',  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co 
Va.,  on  Willis  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  ii 
church. 

Cairiris,  ki-re-reece',  or  Jabitaca,  zhS,-be-ti'k4,  a 
mountain-range  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pernambuco,  forming 
the  N.  boundary  of  the  basin  of  the  S5o  Francisco.    Length 
about  300  miles. 

Cairiris  Xovos,  ki-re-reece'  no'voce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
states  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte  and  Parahyba. 

Cairiris  Telhos,  ki-re-reece'  vil'yoce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
states  of  Parahyba  and  Pernambuco. 

Cairiris  Yelhos,  ki-re-reece'  vSl'yoce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
states  of  Parahyba  and  Pernambuco. 

Cairn'aple,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow. 
Height,  1498  feet. 

Cairney  (kire'nee)  Hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  3  miles  W.  of  Dunfermline.     Pop.  435. 

Cairn'gorm',  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Banff 
and  Moray,  4095  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  snow-capped  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  year,  and,  among  other  minerals, 
produces  the  topazes  known  as  "  Cairngorm  stones." 

Cairngorm,  or  Mount  Hope,  also  called  Kates> 
ville,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Strathroy.     Pop.  150. 

Cairo,  ki'ro  {El  Maar,  el  mis'r,  or  Musr,  of  the  Egyp- 
tians, properly  Misr ;  El  Kahireh,  el  kS,'he-ri,  "  the  vic- 
torious," of  the  Arabs;  Fr.  Le  Caire,  l§h  kain),  the  cap- 
ital city  of  Egypt,  and  seat  of  government,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile,  and  5  miles  from  the  commencement 
of  its  Delta.  Lat.  30°  2'  4"  N.;  Ion.  31°  15'  36"  E. 
Pop.  in  1882,  388,108.  Climate  healthy;  the  heat  is  great 
in  summer,  the  temperature  moderate  in  winter.  Mean  tem- 
perature of  the  year  72°.2,  of  winter  58°. 5,  of  summer  85°.l 
Fahr.  It  never  snows,  and  very  seldom  rains,  but  dew  is  abun- 
dant. The  city  proper  is  built  on  a  slope  at  the  foot  of  one 
of  the  lowest  ridges  of  the  chain  of  Jebel  Mokattem,  and  is 
the  largest  and  most  populous  city  in  Egypt.  It  is  the 
chief  centre  of  Mohammedan  learning,  and  in  architecture 
and  general  appearance  is  one  of  the  most  characteristic  of 
Oriental  cities.  The  newer  portions  are  chiefly  built  in 
European  style,  with  wide  streets  and  boulevards.  The 
city  is  the  terminus  of  several  railways,  and  is  provided 
with  gas  and  an  abundant  water-supply.  The  old  parts  of 
the  town  have  narrow  and  crooked  streets,  and  are  ill  kept 
and  badly  paved;  but  there  are  hundreds  of  beautiful 
mosques,  and  many  old  residences  of  great  elegance.  Cairo 
is  divided  into  10  quarters,  communicating  by  gateways. 
The  highest  part  of  the  ridge  is  occupied  by  a  citadel, 
which  contains  the  arsenal,  mint,  and  public  offices.  The 
citadel  is  commanded  by  forts  placed  on  the  extremity  of 
the  chain  of  Mokattem.  The  principal  suburbs  are  Boolak 
and  El  Masr-Aatik  or  Old  Cairo. 

Among  the  institutions  of  Cairo  are  the  old  Mohammedan 
university,  with  over  11,000  students ;  professional,  mission, 
and  other  schools  in  great  numbers,  many  of  them  sustained, 
and  others  assisted,  by  government ;  a  number  of  hospitals 
and  asylums ;  the  palaces  of  the  khedive,  the  public  offices, 
and  some  fine  hotels  kept  by  Europeans.  In  the  suburbs 
arenumerous  manufactories.  The  commerce  of  Cairo  is  large, 
the  town  being  the  great  entrepSt  of  the  Central  African  trade 
by  way  of  the  Nile  and  the  railways. 

The  present  city  was  founded  by  the  Arabs  about  A.D. 
970 ;  its  citadel  was  built  by  Saladin  in  1176 ;  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  sultans  of  Egypt  till  the  time  of  the  Turkish 
conquest  in  1507;  since  that  time  it  has  been  the  residence 
of  the  pashas,  governors  of  the  province :  it  was  taken  by 

the  French  in  1798,  and  held  by  them  for  3^  years. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Cairine,  ki-reen';  Arab.  Mus'ree. 

Cairo,  ki'ro  (anc.  Co'rium),  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Savona,  on  the  Bormida.  Pop.  3641.  The 
French  here  gained  a  victory  over  the  Austnana  in  1794. 

Cairo,  ka'ro,  a  post-village_of  Thomas  co.,  Ga.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Thomasville.  It  lias  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brick. 
Pop.  521 ;  of  the  township,  2966. 

Cairo,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Alexander  co., 
is  situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  state,  on  a  low 
point  of  land  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ohi'* 


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Rivers,  about  180  miles  below  St.  Louis,  and  365  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre  and 
terminus,  and  has  considerable  steamboat  traffic.  The  rail- 
roads N.  and  S.  of  the  Ohio  River  are  connected  with  the 
city  by  a  steel  bridge,  erected  in  1888  at  a  cost  of  $3,000,000, 
While  passengers  are  carried  across  the  Mississippi  in  steam- 
boats. The  site  of  Cairo  was  subject  to  inundations,  which 
retarded  its  growth,  until  it  was  protected  by  a  levee  built 
at  great  expense.  The  position  is  very  advantageous  for 
trade  and  navigation,  and  the  town  has  increased  rapidly 
since  1860.  It  contains  2  national  banks,  a  stone  custom- 
house which  cost  $271,260,  9  churches,  and  a  convent  and 
Catholic  academy.  Three  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  During  the  civil  war  Cairo  was  a  depot 
for  supplies  and  an  important  military  point.  Pop.  in  1860, 
2188;  in  1870,  6267;  in  1880,  9011;  in  1890,  10,324. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Wapello.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Pratt,  and  11  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  luka.  It 
has  3  church  organizations,  a  roller  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
from  the  Ohio  River,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has 
several  church  organizations,  an  academy,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, &o, 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  16  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  Cairo  township,  1334. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co..  Neb.,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Grand  Island.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  175. 

Cairo,  a  post- village  of  Greene   co.,  N.Y,,  in   Cairo 
township,  6  miles  from  the  Catskill  Mountains,  10  miles 
from  Catskill  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany, 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  soft  drinks.     Pop.  573.     The 
township  is  traversed  by  Catskill  Creek,  has  3  flouring-mills, 
and  presents  beautiful  mountain-scenery.    Total  pop.  2191. 
^^■Cairo,  Allen  co.,  0.    See  West  Cairo. 
^^^Eairo,  a  post-bamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  7  miles  N.  of 
^^Bton.     It  has  a  church, 

^^^Eairo,  or  Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co., 
|^^f>  'II  Gregg  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  at  Allenwood  Station  on  the  Catawissa  & 
■Williamsport  Railroad,  22  miles  below  Williamsport.    It  has 

"lurches.     Its  post-office  is  Allenwood. 

*airo,  a  post-village  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn,,  10  miles  N, 

ffiell's  Depot,     It  has  an  academy,  3  or  4  churches,  Ac. 
^airo,  a  decayed  village  of  Sumner  co,,  Tenn.,  5  miles 

of  Gallatin. 
/airo,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex, 
!!airo,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co,,  W.  Va,,  on  the  Bal- 

lore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg,  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  normal  school.     Pop,  about  300. 

Cairo  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cairo 
township,  1  mile  from  Cairo.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Cairston,  town  and  parish,  Scotland.    See  Stromness. 

Cairwau,  a  town  of  North  Africa.     See  Kairwan. 

Caistor,  ki'stor,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  11 
miles  S.W,  of  Grimsby.  Its  ancient  church  stands  on  the 
site  of  Thongceaster,  a  Roman  station,  said  to  have  been 
rebuilt  by  Hengist  on  as  much  land  as  the  hide  of  an  ox 
out  into  thongs  would  cover.     Pop,  225. 

Caistor  (anc.  Ven'ta  Iceno'rum),  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Norfolk,  4  miles  S.  of  Norwich.  Many  Roman  urns 
have  been  found  in  this  place,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Iceni. 

Cais'torville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Chippewa  Creek,  8  miles  E.  of  Canfield,     Pop.  100, 

Cairawist'ky  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  unites  with 
Pollacasty  Creek  in  Hertford  co.,  and  flows  into  Chowan 
River  from  the  S.W. 

Caith'ness,.the  most  northerly  county  of  the  main- 
land of  Scotland,  having  W,  Sutherland  co.,  E.  the  North 
Sea,  and  N.  the  ocean.  Area,  712  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  in  the  W.  and  S. ;  elsewhere  it  is  flat  or 
undulating,  consisting  of  extensive  moors.  The  fishery  is 
the  principal  branch  of  trade,  and  from  150,000  to  200,000 
barrels  of  fish  are  annually  cured  for  export.  Agriculture 
has  of  late  been  much  extended.  Principal  towns,  Wick 
and  Thurso.  In  the  Middle  Ages  this  part  of  Scotland  be- 
longed for  some  time  to  the  King  of  Norway.  Many  of  its 
inhabitants  are  of  Scandinavian  descent.     Pop.  37,161. 

Caivano,  ki-vi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Naples.     Pop.  10,682.      ' 

Cajabon,  a  town  of  Guatemala.    See  Cahabon. 

Caja  de  Muertos.    See  Caxa  db  Moertos, 

C^ahiba,  ka-zhi-ee'bi,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  W. 
side  of  All  Saints'  Bay,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Serigi. 


Cajamarca,  a  city  of  Peru.    See  Caxamarca. 

Cajamarqnilla,  Peru.    See  Caxamarquilla. 

Cajarc,  k&^zhaRk',  atownof  France,  department  of  Lot, 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1942. 

Cajatambo,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Cazatakbo. 

Cajazzo,  k&-y&t'8o,  or  Caiasso,  ki-is'so  (anc.  Cala'- 
tia),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Capua.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  5892. 

Cajeta,  or  Caieta,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Gaeta, 

Cajou,  k4-joo',  or  Katjn'ri,  a  branch  of  the  Maha- 
nuddy  River,  which  separates  at  Cuttack,  and  terminstet 
principally  in  the  river  Devi. 

CaPabar',  a  maritime  district  of  Western  Africa,  be- 
tween the  river  Benin  and  Formoso  and  the  Rio  del  Rey, 
with  the  Kong  Mountains  in  the  rear,  the  Niger  passing 
through  its  centre ;  but  the  name  is  of  somewhat  indefinite 
application.  The  coast  here  is  a  projecting  line  between  the 
Bights  of  Benin  and  Biafra.  The  country  is  flat,  and  closely 
intersected  by  rivers,  most  of  them,  with  the  exception  of 
Old  Calabar,  being  delta-arms  of  the  Niger ;  much  vegetable 
matter  and  silt  are  discharged  by  these  mouths.  The  cli- 
mate is  extremely  deleterious,  and  the  coast  generally  in- 
hospitable, there  not  being  a  light-house  or  single  harbor 
of  refuge.  Tornadoes  are  frequent,  and  of  the  most  violent 
character.  A  large  portion  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  dis- 
trict are  slaves,  and  are  employed  chiefly  in  cultivating  the 
provision  grounds,  or  in  various  kinds  of  labor  connected 
with  the  palm-oil  trade,  in  which  the  chiefs  are  engaged. 

Calabar  River,  the  wide  estuary  of  three  rivers, 
called  Old  Calabar,  Cross,  and  Qua.  It  opens  into  the 
Bight  of  Biafra  in  lat.  5°  N.,  Ion.  8°  20'  E.  As  to  which 
of  the  streams  is  the  true  Calabar,  opinions  difi'er.  All 
are  navigable,  and  communicate  freely  with  one  another 
by  creeks.  The  Old  Calabar  is  the  smallest.  On  its  left 
bank,  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  Duke  Town,  &nd  5  miles 
N.N.W.  of  the  latter,  on  a  small  deltoid  branch  of  the  river, 
is  Creek  Town ;  these  are  the  seats  of  interesting  missions, 
and  the  natives  have  made  considerable  progress  in  civil- 
ization. New  Calabar  Riter  is  believed  to  be  a  delta- 
arm  of  the  Niger.  It  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Bight  of 
Biafra  in  lat.  4°  30'  N.,  Ion.  7°  7'  E.,  W.  of  Bonny. 

Calabozo,  or  Calaboso,  ki-Il-bo'so,  a  town  of 
Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Guarico,  120  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Caracas,  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  college  and  some 
fine  buildings.     Pop.  5618. 

Calabria,  ka-la'bre-a  or  ki-li'bre-JL  (anc.  Brut'tium  or 
Bruttio'rum  A'ger),  a  compartimento  of  Italy,  forming  the 
southwestern  extremity  or  sub-peninsula  of  the  mainland 
of  that  kingdom ;  but  the  Calabria  of  antiquity  was  the 
southeastern  fork  or  sub-peninsula.  The  modern  Calabria 
is  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Cosenza,  Catanzaro,  and 
Reggio,  respectively  known  also  as  Calabria  Citeriore,  Cala- 
bria Ulteriore  II.,  and  Calabria  Ulteriore  I.  It  is  a  moun- 
tainous country,  with  a  fertile  soil,  producing  oil,  wine,  silk, 
cotton,  grain,  manna,  and  fruits.  Area,  6663  square  miles. 
It  is  subject  to  earthquakes, 

Caiabritto,  ki-li-brit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Sele, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  2975. 

Calaceite,  kS,-lS,-thi'e-t4,  a  town  of  Spain,  75  miles 
N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  2404. 

Calacte,  or  Calacta.    See  Caronia. 

Caladunum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Mirandella. 

Calaf,  ki-ia,f ,  a  town  of  Spain,  46  miles  N.W.  of  Barce- 
lona.    Pop.  1311. 

Calah,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  Holwan. 

Cal'ahan,  or  Cal'ahain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co., 
N.C.,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  tobacco.  Pop.  of  Calahan  town- 
ship, 1232. 

Calahan,  Texas.    See  Callahan. 

Calahorra,  ki-li-OR'ni  (anc.  Calagur'ris),  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Logroflo,  on 
the  Ebro.  Calahorra  is  famous  for  the  siege  it  sustained  from 
Pompey,  B.C.  72,  by  whom  it  was  taken  after  an  obstinate 
resistance.  Portions  of  its  ancient  walls,  towers,  and  aque- 
ducts still  remain.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.    Pop.  7106. 

Calahorra,  or  La  Calahorra,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  34  miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1616. 

Calais,  kJLl'is  (Fr.  pron.  ki'li' ;  L.  Cale'tum  or  Cale'- 
stum),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  on 
the  Strait  of  Dover,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dover,  and  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Boulogne,  at  the  terminus  of  a  railway  from  Lille. 
Lat.  of  the  new  light-house,  60°  57'  46"  N.;  Ion.  1°  51' 
18"  E. ;  height,  190  feet.  The  town  and  harbor  are  de- 
fended by  a  castle  and  several  forts,  and  by  means  of  sluices 
the  whole  adjacent  country  may  be  laid  under  water.  Calais 
is  regularly  built  and  clean,  with  wide  and  well-paved  streets. 


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and  houses  chiefly  of  brick.  In  the  great  square  are  the 
town  hall,  and  an  elegant  belfry  118  feet  in  height.  Other 
remarkable  structures  are  the  H&tel  Dessin,  now  a  museum, 
the  theatre,  public  baths,  the  H6tel  de  Guise,  the  barracks, 
and  a  public  library  with  12,000  volumes.  The  harbor  is 
formed  by  two  moles,  which  are  continued  seaward  by 
wooden  piers,  the  whole  being  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  in  length.  At  ebb  tide  it  is  nearly  dry,  and  has  not  a 
greater  depth  than  15  or  18  feet  at  high  water.  A  tower  in 
the  centre  of  the  town  serves  as  a  light-house.  There  is 
good  anchorage  ground  from  2  to  3  miles  N.W.  of  the  har- 
bor. Calais  is  one  of  the  principal  ports  for  the  debarkation 
of  travellers  from  England,  there  being  daily  communica- 
tion with  Dover  by  steamboat,  and  several  times  a  week 
with  London  and  Ramsgate.  The  city  has  very  important 
manufactures  of  bobbinet,  which  employ  about  900  looms 
and  6000  operatives.  Numerous  mills  have  been  erected,  and 
the  inner  ramparts  have  been  removed  to  make  way  for  the 
factories.  There  are  also  oil-  and  soap-works,  tanneries, 
and  a  salt-refinery.  Vessels  are  built  here  and  fitted  out 
for  the  cod-,  mackerel-,  and  herring-fisheries.  A  consider- 
able trade  is  carried  on  in  spirits,  salt,  oil,  grain,  wine,  eggs, 
hemp,  wood,  coal,  Ac.  In  1347,  Calais  was  taken  by  Edward 
III.  of  England,  after  a  siege  of  11  months.  It  remained 
in  the  hands  of  the  English  from  1347  to  1558.  In  1558 
it  was  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Guise.  Pop.  in  1872,  19,843  j 
of  the  commune  in  1891,  56,867. 

Calais,  k&l'is,  a  city  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  is  on  the 
St.  Croix  River,  which  is  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
about  12  miles  from  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  82  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bangor,  and  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Eastport.  Several 
bridges  crossing  the  river  connect  it  with  St.  Stephen's 
in  New  Brunswick,  a  station  on  the  New  Brunswick  <!; 
Canada  Railroad.  Calais  is  the  southeastern  terminus  of 
the  St.  Croix  <fc  Penobscot  Railroad.  It  contains  10  churches, 
a  national  bank,  the  Calais  Academy  and  High  School,  a 
public  library,  2  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and  shoe-  and 
woollen-factories.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  ship- 
building and  trade  in  lumber,  large  quantities  of  which  are 
sawn  in  the  vicinity  and  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  7290. 

Calais,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.,  about  36  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Calais,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Yt.,  in  Calais 
township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  The  township 
has  a  woollen-factory  and  3  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1309. 

Calaisis,  ki^li^zee',  a  district  of  France,  in  the  old 

frovince  of  Picardy,  now  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais, 
t  was  occupied  by  the  English  from  1349  to  1558. 

Calamata,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Ealahata. 

Calamianes  (k&-l&-me-&'nSs)  Islands,  a  group  of 
the  Philippines,  midway  between  Mindoro  and  Palawan. 
Lat.  12°  N. ;  Ion.  120°  E.  Calauian,  the  principal  island, 
is  about  35  miles  in  length,  by  15  miles  in  breadth. 

Cal'amine,  a  post- village  of  Sharpe  co..  Ark.,  28  miles 
from  Walnut  Ridge  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  2 
stores,  and  a  furnace  for  smelting  zinc,  a  mine  of  which  ha« 
been  opened  here. 

Calamine,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Fayette  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Pecatonica  River,  and  on  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.  of  Mineral  Point,  at  the  junction  of  the  Platte- 
yille  Branch. 

Calamo,  k9.'l&-mo,  a  small  island  of  the  Ionian  group, 
between  Santa  Maura  and  the  continent. 

Calamo,  a  small  island  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ealimno. 

Calamocha,  k&-I&-mo'ch&,  a  town  of  Spain,  38  miles 
N.  of  Teruel,  near  the  Jiloca.     Pop.  1830. 

Calamota,  k9,-lS,-mo't&,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia, 
in  the  Adriatic,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ragusa. 

Cal'amus,  or  Cal'mus,  an  incorporated  post-village 
of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Clinton,  it  has  several 
ohurch  organizations  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  300. 

Calamus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Valley  co..  Neb.,  85  miles 
from  Grand  Island. 

Calamus,  a  township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1112. 

Calamus  River,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  N.  central 
part  of  the  state,  runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters 
the  Loup  Fork  of  the  Platte  or  the  North  Loup  River.  It 
traverses  arid  plains  nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees. 

Calaftas,  k^-l&n'y&s,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
20  miles  N.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  2711. 

Calanca,  ki-lin'ki,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  in  Gri- 
■ons,  between  the  Val  di  Blegno  and  the  Val  Misoooo. 

Calanda,  ki-lin'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  miles  N.B.  of 
Teruel,  on  a  small  river  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  3668. 


Calandsoog,  kiMlnt-soG',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  North  Sea,  9  miles  S.  of  Helder. 

Calang,  ki-ling',  sometimes  written  Callam,  a  town 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  state  and  S.E.  of  Salangore,  on  the 
river  Calang,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Strait  of  Ma- 
lacca.    Near  it  are  some  tin-mines. 

Calanna,  ki-lin'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  1 
miles  N.E.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  2166. 

Calanna,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Callajj a. 

Calantan,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Kalantan. 

Calantiga  (ki-lin-tee'g4)  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sumatra.    Lat.  0°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  104°  E. 

Calap,  kiUip',  an  island  of  the  Pacific,  Gilolo  Passage, 
west  of  the  island  of  Popa.   Lat.  1°  15'  S.;  Ion.  129°  30'  E. 

Calapan,  k3,-I4-pin',  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
capital  of  Mindoro,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  85  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Manila.     Pop.  2790. 

Calapoo'ya  (or  Callapoo'ya)  River,  Oregon,  rises 
in  the  Cascade  Range,  runs  westward  and  northwestward 
through  Linn  oo.,  and  enters  the  Willamette  at  the  city  of 
Albany.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Calaris,  the  ancient  name  of  Caoliari. 

Calascibetta.    See  Calata-Scibetta. 

Calasparra,  k&-l&s-paR'R&,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Murcia.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloths,  flour,  and 
oil,  and  trades  in  cattle.     Pop.  2667. 

Calata  Bellota,  k&-U't&  bdl-lo't&,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name  (anc.  Orimisua),  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Sciacca,  and  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Tricala. 

Calatabiano,  k&-19,'t&-bee-&'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  15 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Aci  Reale.     Pop.  3172. 

Calata  Fimi,  k&-l&'t&  fee'mee,  a  town  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Sicily,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Alcamo.     Pop.  9095. 

Calatagirone,  or  Calata  Hieronis.    See  Calta- 

GIRONE. 

Calatanazor,  ki-li-ti-ni-thSR',  a  town  of  Spain,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Soria.     Pop.  1300. 

Calata-  Scibetta,  k&-l&'t&-she-bdt't&,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  5791. 

Calatavutnro,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  CALTAvrmnio. 

Calataynd,  ki-li-ti-yooo',  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Jalon,  province  and  55  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Saragossa. 
It  has  an  imposing  external  appearance,  but  is  dilapidated 
and  dull.  The  chief  manufactures  are  common  woollens, 
brown  paper,  and  leather.  Pop.  9830.  Near  Calatayud  are 
some  mineral  springs,  stalactitic  caverns,  and  the  remaini 
of  Bilhilia,  the  birthplace  of  Martial.  The  town  is  of  Moor- 
ish origin,  and  its  name  in  Arabic  signifies  ''Job's  castle." 

Calathe,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Galita. 

Calatia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Cajazzo. 

Calatrava,  ki-li-tri'vi,  or  Santiago  de  Caia- 
trava,  s4n-te-i'go  di  ki-li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1464. 

Calatrava  la  Vieja,  ki-ia-tri'vS,  la  ve-i'Hi  (anc. 
OreUim  or  Oria),  a  ruined  city  of  Spain,  on  the  Guadiana, 
65  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  The  military  order  of  Calatrava 
was  founded  here. 

Calaveras,  kal-a-vi'ras,  a  river  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  California,  rises  among  the  hills  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  in  Calaveras  co.,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  south- 
westerly course,  falls  into  the  San  Joaquin  River  about  15 
miles  below  Stockton. 

Calaveras,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  980  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Mokelumne  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  th# 
Stanislaus,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Calaveras  Kiver, 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills,  valleys,  deep 
canons,  and  "  rolling  prairies,"  and  presents  beautiful 
scenery.  It  contains  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  and  other 
trees,  which  here  grow  to  a  great  size;  also  a  grove  of 
mammoth  trees  {Sequoia  gigantea),  which  attract  many 
visitors.  Granite,  quartz,  limestone,  and  slate  abound  here. 
This  county  has  rich  copper-mines  and  gold-mines.  Capi- 
tal, San  Andreas.  Pop.  in  1860,  16,299;  in  1870,  8895; 
in  1880,  9094:  in  1890,  8882. 

Calaveras,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  San 
Antonio.    It  has  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.    Pop.  369. 

Calayan,  k4-18,-yfi,n',  one  of  the  Babuyan  Islands,  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  60  miles  N.  of  Luzon.  It  is  15 
miles  long. 

Calbe,  two  towns  of  Prussia.     See  Kalbe. 

Calbis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Tavoos. 

Calbnco,  kil-boo'ko,  or  El  Fuerte,  §1  foo-fiR'ti  or 
81  fwfiR'ti,  a  small  town  of  Chili,  on  the  coast  of  the  island 
of  Chiloe,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ancud.     Pop.  2506. 

Calbur'ga,  or  Knlbur^ga,  a  town  of  India,  Decoan 


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est 

i 


zam's  dominions,  65  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Solapoor.     It 
now  unimportant,  but  it  has  been  successively  the  capital 
Hindoo  and  Mohammedan  sovereignties.     Pop.  6000. 
Calca,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Zauora. 
Calcahcen,  k&l-ki-sin',  a  town  of  Yucatan,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Merida. 

Calcar,  or  Kalkar,  kil'kaR,  a  small  town  of  Rhenish 
ssia,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Cleves,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.,  in- 
uding  Old  Calcar,  2725. 

Calcasieu,  kal'ka-shu\  a  river  of  Louisiana,  rises  in 
Vernon  parish,  and  runs  southeastward  into  Rapides  parish. 
In  the  last  half  of  its  course  it  flows  southwestward,  trav- 
erses Calcasieu  parish,  and  enters  the  lake  of  the  same  name, 
from  which  it  passes  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  about 
230  miles  long,  and  is  navigated  by  steamers  and  lumber- 
schooners  for  100  miles. 

Calcasieu,  a  parish  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
bordering  on  Texas.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Calcasieu 
River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sabine  River.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  savannas 
or  open  plains,  which  produce  pasture  for  cattle.  Cotton  is 
raised  here  in  small  quantities.  Area,  3410  sq.  m.  The 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  parish.  Capital, 
Lake  Charles.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,484;  in  1890,  20,176. 

Calcasieu  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Cameron  parish, 
about  4  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  nearly  20 
miles  long  and  5  miles  wide.  It  is  an  expansion  of  the 
Calcasieu  River,  which  enters  its  northern  end  and  issues 
from  the  southern  side. 

Calci,  kil'ohee,  a  village  of  Italy,  5i  miles  E.  of  Pisa, 
the  Monte  Pisano.  Near  it  is  the  celebrated  chartreuse 
Pisa  or  Caici,  called  La  Certosa.  Pop.  5515. 
Calcian'a,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  On- 
irio  Southern  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Sodus  Point. 
Calcinaja,  k&l-che-n&'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  E. 
Pisa,  near  the  Arno.     Pop.  3527. 

Calcinate,  k&l-che-n&'td,,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles 
LS.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  3527. 

Calcinato,  kil-che-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.E. 
Brescia,  on  the  Chiese.     Pop.  3699. 
Calcio,  kil'cho,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ber- 

Pop.  2888. 
Calcken,  kil'ken,  or  Calken,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 

t  Flanders,  8  miles  B.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4900. 
Calcut'ta,  a  city,  capital  of  British  India  and  of  Ben- 
1,  is  situated  on  the  E.  oank  of  the  river  Hoogly,  80  miles 
m  the  sea,  in  lat.  22°  33'  47"  N.,  Ion.  88°  23'  34"  E., 
posite  the  town  of  Howrah,  to  which  a  floating  bridge 
tends.    It  is  the  terminus  of  several  railways  and  numerous 
als.     Calcutta  is  the  seat  of  an  immense  trade  by  sea 
d  river,  being  the  natural  outlet  for  the  great  valleys  of 
e  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra.     There  are  numerous  jetties 
d  warehouses,  excellent  systems  of  drainage  and  water- 
ipply  (which  have  changed  the  city  from  one  of  the  sick- 
est to  one  of  the  healthiest  places  in  Asia),  a  university, 
government  and  5  mission  colleges,  an  art  school,  a  med- 
1  school,  several  learned  societies,  numerous  hospitals,  a 
tanic  garden,  a  noble  government  house,  a  fire  depart- 
lent,  an  excellent  native  police  force,  Ac.     The  town  is 
hted  by  gas.     It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop.     The 
.tive  portion,  or  Black  Town,  is  in  general  built  of  slight 
aterials.     Large  ships  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  port, 
the  channel  being  preserved  and  improved  by  liberal  public 
expenditures.     Calcutta  is  the  largest  emporium  of  trade  in 
ia.     The  chief  imports  are  cotton  goods,  linens,  silks, 
rdware,  pig-metals,  silver  (coined  and  in  ingots),  wines, 
irits,  and  salt.     The  exports  are  far  greater  than  the  im- 
rts,  and  consist  of  jute,  opium,  indigo,  rice,  hides,  cotton, 
I,  raw  silk,  saltpetre,  matting,  gunny-bags,  Ac.     There  is 
also  a  large  local  and  native  trade  in  rice,  sugar,  pottery, 
oil-seeds,  brass  goods,  betel,  pawn,  bamboos,  timber,  provi- 
sions, and  native  household  wares.     It  is  the  seat  of  active 
manufactures,  chiefly  carried  on  in  households  by  natives. 
Pop.  of  the  city  proper  in  1872,  447,601:  of  immediate 
suburbs,  257,149 ;  of  North  suburban  town,  27,263 ;  South 
suburban  town,  62,632 ;  of  Howrah,  97,784.    Total,  892,429, 
exclusive  of  several  towns  which  are  almost  continuous 
with  the  suburbs.     Pop.  in  1891,  with  suburbs,  840,130; 
including  Howrah,  969,930. 

Calcut'ta,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of  Clay 
CO.,  Ind.,  21  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Calcutta,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  St. 
Clair  township,  4  miles  N.  of  East  Liverpool.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  200. 

Caldaro,  k&l-d&'ro,  or  Kaltern,  k&l'tem,  a  town  of 
Austria  in  Tyrol,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Botzen.     Pop.  1412. 


Caldas,  k&l'd&s  {i.e.,  Aooab  or  Aocas  Caldas,  &'gw&a 
kll'dis,  "  warm  waters,"  or  "  warm  springs"),  several  small 
towns  of  Portugal,  Spain,  Ac,  so  called  from  their  warm 
springs. 

Caldas,  k&l'd&s,  or  Caldas  da  Rainha,  k&l'd&s  d& 
r&-een'y&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  58  miles  N.  of  Lisbon. 
Pop.  2268. 

Caldas,  k&l'd&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes, 
with  hot  sulphur  springs. 

Caldas  del  Rey,  k&I'd&s  d£l  r&,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
24  miles  S.  of  Santiago. 

Caldas  de  Mombuy,  k&l'd&s  d&  mom-boo-ee'  (anc. 
A'quee  Cal'idx),  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  N.  of  Barcelona, 
with  thermal  baths  and  some  antiquities.     Pop.  3596. 

Caldas  de  Oviedo,  k&l'd&s  d&  o-ve-4'Do,  a  town  o' 
Spain,  finely  situated  near  Oviedo. 

Calder,  a  parish  of  Scotland.     See  Cawdok. 

Calder,  kal'd^r,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  joins  the  Aire  at  Castleford.     Length,  40  miles. 

Calder,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  joins  the 
Ribble  near  Whalley. 

Calder,  or  Calderbridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  on  the  Calder,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Egremont. 

Cald'er,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  8  milet 
from  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  120. 

Caldera,  k&l-d&'r&,  a  small  town  of  South  America,  in 
the  Argentine  Republic,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Salta. 

Caldera,  k&l-d4'r&,  a  port  of  Costa  Rica,  on  the  Pacific, 
near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya. 

Caldera,  k&l-d&'r&,  a  seaport  of  Hayti,  on  its  S.  coa«t, 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Santo  Domingo. 

Caldera,  k&l-d4'r&,  a  seaport  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  on  a  fine  bay,  and  connected  by  rail  with  Copiapo, 
50  miles  distant.  It  has  a  church,  machine-shops,  large  cop- 
per-smelting works,  and  a  mole  at  which  vessels  of  600  tons 
can  lie.  Cargoes  are  discharged  by  steam-machinery.  The 
country  around  it  is  a  perfect  desert,  and  water  is  obtained 
from  the  sea  by  distillation.  Borax,  copper,  silver,  and  rich 
ores  are  shipped  hence,  and  the  export  and  import  trade  is 
large.     Pop.  3000. 

Caldewgate,  k&l'du-gate,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Car- 
lisle, England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  intersected  by  the  Car- 
lisle A  Newcastle  Railway.     Pop.  10,662. 

Caldiero,  kil-de-&'ro,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  9 
miles  E.  of  Verona,  so  called  from  its  thermal  springs.  The 
Archduke  Charles  gained  a  victory  here  over  Massena  in 
1805.     Pop.  2292. 

Cald'well,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  315  square  mile.s.  It  is  drained  by  Trade- 
water  and  Livingston  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  com,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  county  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  the  Newport 
News  and  Mississippi  Valley  Company's  lines,  which  inter- 
sects the  Ohio  Valley  Railroad  at  Princeton,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,826;  in  1880,  11,282;  in  1890,  13,186. 

Caldwell,  a  parish  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Boeuf  Bayou,  and  intersected  by  the  Ouachita 
River,  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  moderately 
diversified,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  staple  products  are  cotton  and  Indian  corn.  Capital, 
Columbia,  on  the  Ouachita  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  4820;  in 
1880,  5767;  in  1890,  5814. 

Caldwell,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Shoal  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, which  is  connected  by  a  local  railroad  with  Kingston, 
the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,646;  in  1890,  15,152. 

Caldwell ,  a  county  in  the  N.W,  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Catawba 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Yadkin  River,  which  rises 
within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and 
is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  good  pas- 
ture, Indian  corn,  and  wheat.  A  branch  of  the  Richmond 
A  Danville  Railroad  extends  to  Lenoir,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8476 ;  in  1880,  10,291 ;  in  1890,  12,298. 

Caldwell,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  San  Marcos  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil 
is  fertile.     Cattle,  cotton,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 

?roducts.     Capital,   Lockhart.     Pop.   in   1870,   6572;    in 
880,  11,767;  in  1890,  16.769. 


OAL 


760 


CAL 


Caldwell,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  35  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Caldwell)  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Franois  co.,  Ark.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Forrest  City. 

Caldwell)  a  post-town  of  Ada  oo.,  Idaho,  on  the 
Oregon  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  144  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Shoshone,  and  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bois6 
City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofBce,  and 
graded  schools,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Presbyterian  college. 
Stock-raising,  agriculture,  and  mining  are  the  principal 
industries.     Pop.  779. 

Caldwell)  a  city  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  routes 
of  3  railroads,  35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Anthony,  20  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Wellington,  and  H  miles  from  the  boundary  of 
the  Cherokee  Strip.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  an  elevator, 
lumber-mills,  flouring.-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1005;  in  1890,  1642. 

Caldwell)  a  post- village  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Caldwell 
township,  3i  miles  from  Montclair  Station,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Newark,  and  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.  Here  is  the  Essex  County  Pen- 
itentiary. The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pas- 
saic, and  contains  Clinton  and  Verona.     Total  pop.  2727. 

Caldwell)  or  Lake  George)  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  Lake 
George,  in  Caldwell  township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Albany, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Whitehall,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Glenn's  Falls. 
It  is  a  celebrated  summer  resort,  and  is  surrounded  by  beau- 
tiful scenery.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  and  6  hotels, 
one  of  which,  the  "  Fort  William  Henry,"  will  accommodate 
500  guests.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1267.  Steamboats  navi- 
gate the  lake,  which  is  studded  with  hundreds  of  islands. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Lake  George. 

Caldwell)  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  and  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of 
Columbus. 

Caldwell)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  35 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Marietta,  and  36  miles  by  rail  E.S.E, 
of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a  knit- 
ting-mill, and  a  sash-  and  door-factory.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Iron  ore,  coal,  oil,  and 
salt  are  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  1248. 

Caldwell)  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    P.  1791. 

Caldwell)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex., 
about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Bryan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  school  called  the  Normal  Institute.  Pop.  in  1880, 
301;  in  1890,  1250. 

Caldwell)  W.  Va.    See  Green  Brier  Bridge. 

Caldwell  Institute)  a  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.C.,  in  Little  River  township,  4  miles  from  the  North  Caro- 
lina Railroad.  It  has  a  seminary  named  Caldwell  Institute, 
and  in  the  vicinity  are  several  churches. 

CaldAvell  PrairiC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  co.,  Wis., 
in  Waterford  township,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eagle  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Caldwell'S)  a  township  of  Catawba  oo.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1101.     It  contains  Chronicle. 

Caldwell'S)  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Caldwell's  Landing)  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  48  miles  above  New  York. 
Drain-pipes  are  made  here. 

Caldy,  kil'dee,  a  small  island  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, ofi"  its  S.  coast,  2  miles  S.  of  Tenby,  has  a  light-house. 

CalC)  an  ancient  name  of  Oporto. 

Calebee  Creek)  Ala.    See  Calebbee. 

Cal'edoU)  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  9i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Monaghan.     It  has  large  corn-mills.     Pop.  579. 

Cal'edoU)  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  50  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Zwellendam.     It  has  mineral  baths.     Pop.  724. 

Cal'edon,  or  Charleston  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.    Pop.  300. 

Cal'edon  Bay,  Australia,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.     Lat.  12°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  136°  40'  E. 

Caledon  East)  or  Pais'ley)  a  post-village  in  Card- 
well  00.,  Ontario.     Pop.  200. 

Cal'edon  River)  in  Africa,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Nu- 
Gariep,  which  it  joins  in  lat.  30°  18'  S.,  Ion.  26°  17'  E. 

Caledonia)  the  ancient  name  of  Scotland. 

Caledo'nia,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vermont, 
bordering  on  New  Hampshire,  has  an  area  of  about  650 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Connecticut 
River,  intersected  by  the  Passumpsic,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Lamoille  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash, 


beech,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  potatoes, 
lumber,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
and  mica  slate  are  abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Connecticut  <fc  Passumpsic  Rivers  Railroad. 
Capital,  St.  Johnsbury.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,235 :  in  1880, 
23,607;  in  1890,  23,436. 

Caledonia)  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Champagnolle.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Caledonia)  or  Caledonia  Station,  a  post-village 
of  Boone  co.,  111.,  in  Caledonia  township,  and  on  the  Chicago 
<fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Kenosha  & 
Rockford  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Rockford,  and  12  miles 
S.E,  of  Beloit.   It  has  several  stores.  Pop.of  township,  1345. 

Caledonia)  a  village  of  Pulaski  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  14  miles 
above  Cairo.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  222.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Olmsted. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
head-stream  of  the  Grand  River,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Leon. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Caledonia)  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
direct  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  several  stores. 

Caledonia)  a  post-hamlet  of  West  Carroll  parish,  La., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Bayou  Macon,  12  miles  from  Lake  Prov- 
idence.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Caledonia)  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  is  about  50 
miles  W.  of  Lansing,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Thornapple 
River.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Alaska,  and  a  village 
named  Caledonia  Station,  which  is  on  the  Grand  River  Valley 
Railroad.  16  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  1680. 

Caledonia,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1839,  exclusive  of  Corunna. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Winona,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of 
La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  R.ailroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  5  churches, 
and  a  manufactory  of  wagons  and  sleighs.  Pop.  (1890)  927. 

Caledonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  about 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Mo.,  in 
Bellevue  township,  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and 

8  miles  from  Irondale  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  pottery,  Ac.  The  township  contains  the 
Bellevue  Collegiate  Institute. 

Caledonia,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
in  Caledonia  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  59  miles  E. 
of  Buff'alo,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  2  mills,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements, 
sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  597 ;  of  the  township,  1981. 

Cal  edonia)  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2118. 

Caledonia)  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C,  8  miles 
N.W.  orf  Carthage,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Caledonia)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Traill  oo.,  N.D., 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  at  the  mouth  of  Goose 
River,  40  miles  N.  of  Moorhead.  It  has  several  church 
organizations,  a  court-house,  a  state  bank,  a  flour-mill,  2 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Wheat  is  shipped  here  in 
steamboats.     Pop.  267. 

Caledonia)  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Clari- 
don  township,  on  the  Whetstone  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  and 

9  miles  N.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  planing-mills,  and  a  union  school.  It  is  also  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cincinnati  Railroad.   Pop.  419. 

Caledonia)  a  post-village  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  Bennett's 
Creek,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  (Low  Grade 
division),  23  miles  S.W.  of  Driftwood.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  lumber-mills,  and  a  splendid  bed  of  coal. 

Caledonia)  a  station  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Paris. 

Caledonia)  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Caledonia)  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Caledonia)  township,  Columbia  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1223. 

Caledonia)  a  post-township  of  Racine  co..  Wis., 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroads.  It  has  5  churches.  Pop.  2847.  Cale- 
donia Station  (on  both  roads)  is  15  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Caledonia)  township,  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  510 

Caledonia)  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.  Pop.  929, 

Caledonia)  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Novi 
Scotia,on  Little  Glac6  Bay,  16  miles  E.  of  Sydney.  Ex- 
tensive coal-mines  are  worked  here.     Pot).  250, 


] 


CAL 


761 


CAL 


Caledonia,  or  Seneca,  a  village  in  Haldimand  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  (rrand  River,4tt  the  junction  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  and  Hamilton  &  Lake  Erie  Railways,  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Hamilton,  and  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  }5rantford.  It  has  ex- 
cellent water-power,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  foundry  and  ma- 
ohine-shop,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  P.  1246. 
Caledonia,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  27  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Caledonia  .Corner,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  US  miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  400. 

Caledonia  mills,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  56  miles  E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  120. 

Caledonian  Canal,  Scotland,  cos.  of  Inverness  and 
Argyle,  connects  the  North  and  Irish  Seas,  extending  N.E. 
and  S.W.,  through  the  great  Glen  of  Caledonia,  from  the 
Murray  Firth  to  Loch  Eil,  through  Lochs  Ness,  Oich,  and 
Lochy.  Length,  60 i  miles,  of  which  the  lochs  compose  37i 
miles,  and  the  canal  23  miles.  It  is  not  navigable  for  ves- 
sels of  over  17  feet  draught. 

Caledonia  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles  from  L'Orignal,  and  72 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Montreal.  It  has  good  hotel  accommo- 
dation and  medicinal  springs.  Pop.  100. 
Caledonia  Station,  Illinois.  See  Caledoxia. 
Caledonia  Station,  a  post- village  of  Kentco.,  Mich., 
near  the  Thornapple  River,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bunk,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.     Pop.  438. 

Cal'eebee  or  Cal'ebee  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in 
Macon  co.,  runs  in  a  W.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Tal- 
lapoosa River  on  the  line  between  Elmore  and  Macon  cos. 
Calella,  ki-lSl'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  S.E,  of 
^  ^—Parcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3529. 
^HCalenberg.    See  Kalenberg. 
^B'Calentes  Aquse,  the  Latin  for  Chaudes-Aiguks. 
^B  Calenzana,  k&-lgn-zi'n&,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
^■prsica,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Calvi.     Pop.  2608. 
^BCalera,  ki,-\k'rk,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  8 
■kles  S.W,  of  Talavera,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  2938. 
^Bf  Cale'ra,  a  post-town  and  railway  junction  of  Shelby  co., 
Ala.,  63  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Selma,  and  33  miles  S.  of 
Birmingham.     It  contains  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  extensive  charcoal-factory,  numerous  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  lime,  brick,  and  iron  products.     Pop.  1000. 
tCales,  the  ancient  name  of  Calyi. 
Calestano,  k^-lds-ti'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  20   miles 
S.W.  of  Parma.    Pop.  2961, 
Caletum,  or  Calesinm,  the  Latin  for  Calais. 
CaleAvatta  River,  Australia.    See  Darling. 
Calf  (kifj  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 
Calf  killer,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 
Calfkiller    Creek,   Tennessee,   runs  southwestward 
through  White  co.,  and  enters  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cum- 
berland River. 

KCalf  of  Man,  a  small  island  in  the  Irish  Sea,  imme- 
itely  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  Lat.  of 
e  light-house,  54°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  49'  W. 
Calf  Pasture  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Augusta  co., 
ns  southward  through  Rockbridge  co.,  and  enters  the 
James  River  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long.  The  lower  part  of  it  is  called  North  River. 
Calhoun,  kal-hoon',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
high  ridges  or  hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  iron,  limestone,  and  marble.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,980;  in 
1880,  19,591;  in  1890,  33,835. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  5*75  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Moro  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ouachita  River. 
A  large  portion  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  The  northwestern  portion  of  the  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Hampton,  Pop.  in  1870,  3853 ;  in  1880,  5671 ;  in  1890, 
7267. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  1080  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Apalachicola  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  is  drained  by  the  Chipola  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  a  little  Indian 
corn  and  cotton.  Capital,  Blountstown.  Pop.  in  1870,  998; 
in  1880,  1580;  in  1890,  1631 
49 


Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  265  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Icha- 
waynochaway  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Flint  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sugar-cane  are 
the  staple  products.  The  southeast  portion  of  the  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Morgan.  Pop.  in  1870,  5503;  in  1880,  7024;  in  1890, 
8438. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  a  narrow  peninsula, 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  liber- 
ally supplied  with  timber  and  limestone.  Capital,  Hardin. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6562;  in  1880,  7467;  in  1890,  7652. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Coon 
or  Raccoon  River,  and  by  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  the  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Centra]  Railroad,  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Des  Moines  &  North- 
western Railroad,  the  latter  road  passing  through  Rock- 
well City,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  1602; 
in  1880,  5595;  in  1890,  13,107.  • 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St. 
Joseph's  &  Kalamazoo  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  Battle 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  or  open  groves  of  the  ash,  beech,  white 
oak,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  a 
fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wool, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone 
underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Chicago  <t  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinac  Railroad, 
and  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Marshall. 
Pop.  in  1870,  36,569;  in  1880,  38,452;  in  1890,  43,501. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Yallabusha  River  and  Loosascoona  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Pittsborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,561; 
in  1880,  13,492 ;  in  1890,  14,688. 

Calhoun,  a  small  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  bor- 
dering on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Lavaca  and 
Matagorda  Bays,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  West  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy. 
Cattle  are  the  staple  products  of  the  county.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  northeast  portion  of  the 
county,  communicating  with  Port  Lavaca,  the  capital. 
Pop. in  1870,  3443;  in  1880,  1739;  in  1890,  815. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Little  Kanawha  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  produces 
grass,  Indian  corn,  &e.,  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Grantsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  2939 ;  in 
1880,  6072;  in  1890,  8155. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Montgomery  Railroad,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont- 
gomery.  It  has  a  church.  About  3000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  in  a  year. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Ark.,  about 
35  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  78  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Atlanta,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Dalton.  It  has  5  churches,  an 
academy,  a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  brick.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  680. 

Calhoun,  or  Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Richland 
CO.,  111.,  in  Madison  township,  about  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Olney.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop.  160. 
Here  is  Calhoun  Post-Office. 

Calhoun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
W.  of  Gowrie  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Ouachita  parish.  La.,  14 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McLean  co.,  Ky., 
on  Green  River,  opposite  Rumsey,  about  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Bowling  Green,  and  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
river  is  navigable  at  all  seasons.     Pop.  about  900. 


OAL 


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CalhouU)  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Canton.     It  has  several  churches. 

Calhoun,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  59  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  on  Tebo 
Creek,  28  miles  by  xail  S.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  stoneware, 
brooms,  and  brick.     Pop.  689. 

Calhoun,  Nebraska.    See  Fort  Calhoun. 

Calhoun,  a  post-ofSce  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Hiawassee  River,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  232. 

Calhoun,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Philippi. 

Calhoun's  Mills,  a  post-township  of  Abbeville  co., 
S.C,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga,,  and  12  miles  from 
Abbeville  Station.     It  has  8  churches.     Pop.  2208. 

Calhoun's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala. 

Cali,  k8,-lee',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 
partment of  Cauca,  70  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Popayan.  Lat. 
3°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  30'  W.  It  lies  on  a  western  declivity  of 
the  Andes,  near  the  C^uca.  The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in 
the  transit  trade  from  the  interior  to  the  Pacific.    Pop.  4000. 

Caliadeh,  ki-le-i'deh,  a  village  of  India,  Gwalior 
dominions,  5  miles  N.  of  Oojein,  with  a  curious  Moham- 
medan palace  on  an  island  in  the  Sipra  River. 

Caliana,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Caranja. 

Caliano,  or  Calliano,k&-le-i'no,  a  town  of  Austria, 
Tyrol,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Trent,  on  the  Adige.    Pop.  1023. 

Calice  di  Vara,  ki'le-chi  dee  vi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Massa  e  Carrara,  11  miles  S.  of  Pontremoli.  It 
Is  commanded  by  a  castle,  and  has  oil-mills.     Pop.  3250. 

Cal'ico,  a  silver-mining  post- village  of  San  Bernardino 
50.,  Cal..  12  miles  N.B.  of  Barstow.     Pop.  500. 

Cal'icut,  or  Kol'ikod,  a  town  of  the  Malabar  dit'trict, 
Madras  presidency,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  560  miles  S. 
of  Bombay.  Lat.  11°  15'  N.;  Ion.  75°  52'  E.  It  was  for- 
merly a  Portuguese  colony,  but  has  been  in  English  hands 
since  1792.  It  has  a  large  trade  with  Arabia  and  Persia, 
although  its  anchorage  is  but  an  open  roadstead.  Pop. 
47,960,  chiefly  Mohammedans,  of  partial  Arabian  stock.  It 
ships  cocoa  oil,  coir,  betel,  pepper,  ginger,  teak,  saffron, 
sandal-wood,  cardamoms,  and  wax. 

CaPien'te,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  252  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton. 

Cal'ifon^  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
High  Bridge  and  Tewkesbury  townships,  on  the  High 
Bridge  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  High  Bridge.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  saw-mills. 

California,  kal-e-for'ne-a,  a  state  of  the  American 
Union,  bordering  on  the  Pacific,  is  bounded  N.  by  Oregon, 
E.  by  Nevada  and  Arizona,  S.  by  Mexico  (Lower  Califor- 
nia), and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  its  N.  and  S.  limits 
being  the  parallels  32°  28'  and  42'  N.  lat.  The  Colorado 
of  the  West  washes  the  southernmost  portion  of  its  E.  bound- 
ary, dividing  it  from  Arizona ;  and  its  sea-coast  has  a  gen- 
eral N.W.  and  S.E.  trend.  Area,  158,360  square  miles, 
more  than  equal  to  the  areas  of  New  England,  New  York, 
and  Pennsylvania  combined.     Capital,  Sacramento. 

Surface,  Coast-Line,  tkc. — A  most  conspicuous  feature  of 
California  scenery  is  its  vast  mountain-system.  Along  its 
eastern  boundary  extends  the  lofty  Sierra  Nevada,  or 
Snowy  Mountain  range  (which  see),  averaging  some  70 
miles  in  breadth,  and  embracing  among  its  peaks  some  of 
the  highest  points  in  the  United  States.  Along  the  Cali- 
fornia coast  extends  the  Coast  Range  (which  see),  and  at 
the  Tejon  Pass  in  the  S.  and  in  the  N.  near  Mount  Shasta 
these  two  mountain-systems  are  linked  with  each  other  by 
transverse  ranges.  Between  these  ranges  lies  the  magnifi- 
cent valley  of  the  rivers  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin,  re- 
nowned for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  The  marvellous  Yo- 
semite  Valley  (see  Yosemite),  and  other  valleys,  whose 
scenery  is  scarcely  less  wonderful,  are  situated  on  the  west- 
ern slope  of  the  great  Sierra,  while  the  E.  slope  is  rich  in 
mineral  treasures.  None  of  the  scanty  streams  of  this  sec- 
tion discharge  their  waters  into  the  sea,  and  its  somewhat 
numerous  lakes  are  in  many  instances  filled  with  complex 
alkaline  solutions.  Of  these  Mono  Lake  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable.  S.  of  the  Tejon  Pass  lies  Southern  California, 
whose  climate  is  so  finely  adapted  to  the  growth  of  sub- 
tropical fruits.  The  extreme  N.  is  an  elevated  mountain 
region,  densely  timbered,  especially  near  the  sea,  with  a 
broken  surface,  and  a  much  colder  and  more  rainy  climate 
than  any  other  portion  of  the  state  possesses.     The  coast- 


line is  nowhere  deeply  indented,  except  by  the  Humboldt, 
San  Francisco,  and  San  Diego  Bays,  which  afford  the  best 
harbors  in  the  state,  that  of  San  Francisco  being  of  the  first 
importance.  Of  much  less  consequence  are  the  ports  of 
Crescent  City,  Bodega,  Trinidad,  San  Pedro,  San  Luis, 
Monterey,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Half  Moon  Bays.  San  Pablo 
and  Suisun  Bays  form  an  eastern  extension  of  the  Bay  of 
San  Francisco,  and  through  them  the  navigable  rivers 
Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  discharge  tljeir  waters.  Ex- 
cepting these  two  rivers  and  some  of  their  larger  tribu- 
taries, there  are  very  few  streams  in  the  state  whose  navi- 
gation is  at  all  practicable. 

Climate. — Extending  for  more  than  700  miles  from  N.  to 
S.,  California  presents  a  very  great  variety  of  climatic  con- 
ditions. The  winter  climate  of  the  northern  mountains  is 
severe,  and  the  rainfall  of  the  N.W.,  especially  in  winter, 
is  very  large.  The  climate  of  the  section  W.  of  the  Coast 
Mountains,  especially  northward,  is  damp,  foggy,  and  quite 
cold,  even  in  summer,  more  particularly  at  night.  E.  of 
these  mountains  the  winter  climate  is  very  delightful,  es- 
pecially in  the  S.  and  in  the  great  central  valley ;  but  in 
summer  the  greater  part  of  California  is  parched  and  dried, 
so  scanty  is  the  rainfall  and  so  extreme  the  heat.  But  the 
nights  are  almost  everywhere  cool,  and  the  dryness  of  the 
air,  with  the  constant  prevalence  of  breezes,  prevents  the 
heat  from  becoming  oppressive.  The  climate  of  California, 
as  a  whole,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  In  the  great 
central  valley  an  extensive  system  of  irrigation  has  been  in- 
augurated, and  has  greatly  extended  the  area  of  cultivable 
land,  already  large.  In  the  S.,  water  is  very  generally 
brought  upon  the  cultivated  lands  by  long  ditches,  and  in 
some  places  artesian  wells  have  been  successfully  employed. 
Large  portions  of  the  S.E.  are  too  hot  and  dry  for  success- 
ful agriculture.  Excepting  some  malarial  tracts  on  the 
rivers,  California  is  exempt  from  endemic  diseases.  South- 
ern California  is  resorted  to  by  invalids  as  a  sanitarium. 

Geology  and  Mineral  Wealth. — The  great  geological  fea- 
tures of  the  state  are — (1)  The  extensive  lava-field  of  the 
N.E.,  and  smaller  fields  of  the  same  general  character  much 
farther  S.,  along  the  Sierras.  These  give  evidence  of  com- 
paratively recent  volcanic  action,  although  there  are  now 
no  active  volcanoes.  Further  evidence  of  this  kind  ia 
afiforded  by  the  old  craters  on  some  of  the  mountains,  by 
the  occasional  earthquakes,  and  by  the  thermal  and  sulphur 
springs  and  the  sulphur-bearing  strata  found  at  various 
points.  (2.)  The  metamorphic  and  eozoic  formation  of  the 
N.W.,  whose  southern  line  extends  irregularly  from  Cape 
Mendocino  to  Mount  Shasta ;  and  the  southeastern  exten- 
sion of  the  same,  which  occupies  a  great  part  of  the  area  of 
the  Sierras,  as  far  S.  as  the  Tejon,  and  is  prolonged  irregu- 
larly southward  by  the  San  Bernardino  and  San  Jacinto 
Mountains.  (3.)  The  tertiary  and  post-tertiary  of  the  val- 
leys of  the  Sacramento,  San  Joaquin,  and  the  Salinas  Rivers ; 
and  (4)  the  cretaceous,  which  occupies  considerable  areas, 
mostly  upon  and  along  the  Coast  Range.  The  coal  of  Monte 
Diablo  is  of  cretaceous  or  tertiary  origin,  and,  though  not 
of  a  high  grade  of  excellence,  is  the  best  and  most  abundant 
thus  far  wrought  in  the  state.  It  is  stated  that  in  Califor- 
nia gold  has  been  found  in  strata  of  almost  every  geological 
age ;  but  the  most  productive  gold-regions  are  reported  to 
be  the  detached  Jurassic  and  triassic  fields  which  skirt  or 
rest  upon  the  Sierra  at  various  points.  Besides  gold  and 
coal  considerable  silver-quartz,  cinnabar,  copper  ore,  borax, 
and  sulphur  are  obtained.  The  yield  of  precious  metals 
since  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  in  1848,  has  been 
enormous,  and  is  estimated  to  have  been  from  $800,000,000 
to  $1,000,000,000.  There  has  been  a  marked  falling  off  in 
late  years,  the  total  product  for  1889  being  valued  at 
$12,842,757.  Rock  salt,  soda,  iron  ore,  antimony,  excellent 
fuller's  earth,  asphalt,  and  petroleum  are  among  the  other 
valuable  mineral  substances.  The  cinnabar-mines  are  rich 
and  especially  important.  They  are  found  in  the  Coast 
Mountains,  and  there  are  11  productive  mines  in  the  state. 
In  1889  the  amount  of  quicksilver  produced  was  2,024,496 
pounds,  a  quantity  considerably  below  the  annual  yield. 
Tin  ore  exists  at  several  points. 

Natural  History. — Both  the  flora  and  the  fauna  of  the 
state  are  strongly  characteristic.  Among  the  trees  we  may 
enumerate  the  mammoth  tree  {Sequoia  gigantea),  a  com- 
paratively infrequent  species,  remarkable  for  the  prodigious 
size  of  some  of  its  examples;  the  redwood  of  the  N.W. 
{Sequoia  sempervirens),  a  very  valuable  timber  tree;  six- 
teen species  of  pine,  six  of  fir,  four  of  cypress,  twelve  of 
oak,  one  of  walnut,  a  plane-tree,  an  ash,  several  maples, 
and  many  scarcely  less  important  trees.  There  is,  however, 
a  deficiency  of  hard-wood  timber.  Many  fine  flowering  and 
evergreen  shrubs  are  peculiar  to  this  coast.     A  wild  oat 


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763 


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(Avena  /atna),  the  introduced  alfalfa  or  lucern,  and  pin- 
grass  {Elodium),  a  geraniacoous  plant,  are  among  the  most 
important  forage-plants  of  California.  Among  the  remark- 
able animals  are  the  grizzly  bear,  the  puma,  known  as  the 
California  lion,  the  big-horn  or  mountain  sheep,  several 
■pedes  of  deer,  fox,  and  wolf,  several  seals,  including  the  so- 
jalled  sea-lion,  numerous  rodents,  and  a  very  large  number 
of  species  of  birds  (amopg  which  we  may  mention  the  road- 
runner  or  ground  cuckoo,  the  California  quail,  Ac).  Among 
the  numerous  fishes  are  sevural  kinds  of  trout  and  salmon, 
and  in  some  of  the  northern  streams  the  taking  of  salmon 
is  an  important  industry.  On  some  islands  off  the  coast 
sea-birds'  eggs  are  largely  obtained  as  food.  There  are  sev- 
eral species  of  rattlesnake,  and  many  harmless  serpents. 
In  some  portions  grasshoppers  have  been  very  destructive 
5,t  times,  and  in  some  southern  localities  insects  so  abound 
at  certain  seasons  as  to  be  very  annoying  and  destructive. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  are  the 
Geysers  (thermal  springs)  of  Sonoma  co. ;  the  Great  Trees 
of  Mariposa  and  Calaveras ;  Shasta  Butte ;  the  stupendous 
cataracts  of  Fall  River,  in  Butte  co. ;  the  quicksilver-mines 
of  New  Almaden,  New  Idria,  Ac;  the  lakes  Tahoe  and 
Donner;  Borax  Lake,  Clear  Lake;  the  upper  valley  of  the 
Kern  River,  with  its  remarliable  mountain -scenery ;  Yo- 
semite ;  Lake  Tulare ;  the  picturesque  northern  coast ;  the 
southern  counties,  famous  for  the  growing  of  sub-tropical 
fruits,  and  much  visited  as  sanitary  resorts ;  while  the 
more  adventurous  traveller  will  be  abundantly  repaid  for 
visiting  Mono  Lake,  the  Death  Valley,  the  Mojave  and 
Colorado  Deserts,  the  great  mountains  of  the  Sierra,  and 
the  Lava  Beds  of  Modoc  co. 

A(/ricultiire. — The  soil  of  a  large  portion  of  California  is 
deep,  rich,  and  very  profitably  cultivated;  and  for  several 
years  past  the  state  has  been  more  famous  for  her  vast  fields 
of  the  best  of  wheat,  her  great  wool-production,  her  fine 
fruits,  and  the  products  of  her  generous  vineyards,  than  for 
the  less  valuable  precious  metals  which  she  has  produced  in 
so  lavish  measure.  Before  the  American  occupation,  hides 
and  other  cattle-products  were  the  chief  exports ;  and  after 
it  became  a  state,  agriculture  was  neglected  until  the  grad- 
ual failure  of  small  mining  operations  became  apparent. 
Sheep-farming  early  attracted  attention,  and  it  is  still 
largely  carried  on.  In  some  years  the  wool-clip  has 
amounted  to  over  40,000,000  pounds,  but  it  has  materially 
diminished  since  1880.  Wheat-growing  is  carried  on  very 
extensively.  Ploughing  generally  begins  in  December; 
sowing  begins  at  once,  and  may  be  continued  all  winter. 
There  are  no  rains  after  April  15,  as  a  rule.  In  May 
the  harvest  begins.  The  heads  of  wheat  alone  are  gath- 
ered, and  threshing  is  done  on  the  field.  The  yield  some- 
times amounts  to  over  30,000,000  bushels.  The  production 
of  grapes,  of  both  native  American  and  European  varieties, 
is  very  largely  carried  on,  and  wine-making  is  an  important 
industry,  the  product  in  favorable  seasons  realizing  some 
10,000,000  gallons  of  wine  and  1,000,000  gallons  of  brandy. 
Raisins,  prunes,  dried  figs,  and  other  dried  fruits  are  ex- 
tensively prepared  in  various  parts  of  California.  In  the 
S.  oranges,  lemons,  and  other  tropical  fruits  are  raised, 
while  almonds,  English  walnuts,  olives  for  oil  and  pickles, 
citrons,  pomegranates,  Ac,  are  successfully  grown.  To- 
bacco, Indian  corn,  barley,  hops,  peanuts,  &c.,  are  produced 
largely  in  various  parts.  Cotton  has  done  well  in  several 
places,  as  well  as  the  sugar-beet.  Silk-culture  has  been 
tried  with  success.  Marin  co.  has  a  large  dairy  business. 
Grapes,  pears,  cherries,  and  other  fruits  are  sent  in  great 
quantities  to  the  East  by  rail.  The  common  potato  does 
not  succeed  well,  except  near  Humboldt  Bay.  Tea-  and 
cofiee-raising  has  been  experimentally  tried,  with  favor- 
able results.  Market-gardening  is  chiefly  in  the  hands  of 
Chinese  immigrants,  who  are  very  expert  in  the  business. 
In  the  S.  honey  of  excellent  quality  is  very  e.xtensively 
produced,- 

Manufactures  and  Commerce. — The  manufacturing  in- 
terests of  California  are  of  growing  importance.  Lumber 
and  flour  are  important  products.  The  woollen  industry, 
once  of  great  value,  has  steadily  declined.  None  of  the 
large  factories  are  operated,  and  in  1890  there  were  but  six 
small  woollen-mills  in  the  state.  Wine,  brandy,  cigars, 
tobacco,  iron  and  metallic  wares,  and  machinery  are  the 
leading  manufactured  articles.  The  fisheries  are  carried  on 
chiefly  from  San  Francisco,  and  considerable  capital  is  in-, 
vested.  Most  of  the  commerce  of  the  state  is  carried  on  at 
San  Francisco.  There  is  a  coasting  trade  to  Puget  Sound  and 
Oregon,  and  a  foreign  trade  to  British  Columbia,  Panama, 
Liverpool,  Australia,  China,  and  Japan,  With  the  Atlantic 
ports  there  is  a  trade  via  Cape  aorn,  aa  well  as  by  the 
Panama  route  and  by  rail. 


The  number  of  miles  of  railway  in  1890  was  4336,  Tb» 
Central  Pacific  &  Southern  Pacific  Railroads  control  more 
than  two-thirds  of  all  the  railroad  property. 

Counties. — California  has  54  counties,  viz.,  Alameda,  Al- 
pine, Amador,  Butte,  Calaveras,  Colusa,  Contra  Costa,  Del 
Norte,  El  Dorado,  Fresno,  Glenn,  Humboldt,  Inyo,  Kern, 
Lake,  Lassen,  Los  Angeles,  Marin,  Mariposa,  Mendooino, 
Merced,  Modoc,  Mono,  Monterey,  Napa,  Nevada,  Orange, 
Placer,  Plumas,  Sacramento,  San  Benito,  San  Bernardino, 
San  Diego,  San  Francisco,  San  Joaquin,  San  Luis  Obispo, 
San  Mateo,  Santa  Barbara,  Santa  Clara,  Santa  Cruz,  Shasta, 
Sierra,  Siskiyou,  Solano,  Sonoma,  Stanislaus,  Sutter,  Tehama, 
Trinity,  Tulare,  Tuolumne,  Ventura,  Yolo,  and  Yuba.  The 
principal  towns  are  San  Francisco  (pop.  in  1890,  298,997), 
Sacramento  (the  capital,  26,386),  Los  Angeles  (50,395), 
Oakland  (48,682),  San  Jos6  (18,0601,  San  Diego  (16,159), 
Stockton  (14,424),  Alameda  (11,165),  Fresno  (10,818). 

Education. — The  school  system  of  California  has  been 
inaugurated  on  a  scale  proportionate  to  the  magnitude  of 
the  natural  and  industrial  features  of  the  state.  In  1888  there 
were  188,387  children  between  5  and  17  attending  public,  and 
20,768  attending  private  schools.  The  permanent  state  fund 
was  $2,996,627.12,  the  total  school  revenue,  $5,132,413.69, 
and  the  total  expense  for  the  year,  $4,321,381.60.  In  ac- 
cordance with  the  legislative  acts  of  1885  and  1887,  the 
state  has  undertaken  the  publication  of  school-books  to  bo 
used  in  all  the  public  schools.  The  experiment  has  proved, 
on  the  whole,  unsatisfactory.  There  is  a  state  normal  school 
at  San  Jos6,  and  a  branch  normal  school  at  Los  Angeles. 
The  public  high  schools  have  two  departments,  one  of  them 
preparatory  for  the  state  university.  The  university  of 
California,  at  Berkeley,  is  the  largest  educational  estab- 
lishment on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  includes  schools  of  letters, 
agriculture,  mechanics,  mining,  engineering,  chemistry, 
medicine,  and  pharmacy,  and  a  course  of  popular  instruction, 
the  three  last-mentioned  at  San  Francisco.  There  are  sev- 
eral collegiate  institutions,  and  a  good  number  of  private 
and  denominational,  as  well  as  medical,  theological,  busi- 
ness, art,  industrial,  prison,  military,  cosmopolitan,  mission 
(Chinese,  Indian,  Ac),  and  other  schools.  Public  educa- 
tion is  presided  over  by  a  state  superintendent  of  schools, 
and  there  are  also  county  and  city  superintendents.  Women 
are  eligible  to  educational  offices.  The  munificent  gifts  of 
Mr.  James  Lick  for  educational  purposes  (1874)  should 
here  be  mentioned.  The  famous  Lick  Astronomical  Ob- 
servatory is  situated  at  Mt.  Hamilton.  The  corner-stone  of 
the  Stanford  University  was  laid  at  Palo  Alto  in  May,  1887, 
and  the  institution  has  an  endowment  of  over  $20,000,000. 

Population. — The  population  of  California  in  1850  was 
92,597;  in  1860,  379,994;  in  1870,  560,247;  in  1880,  864,- 
694,  of  whom  767,181  were  white,  6018  colored,  16,277 
Indian,  and  75,218  Chinese  and  other  Asiatics,  The  total 
population  of  the  state  in  1890  was  1,208,130.  The  num- 
ber of  Chinese  immigrants  very  largely  increased  between 
1870  and  1880,  but  though  they  are  thrifty  and  industrious, 
they  seldom  become  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  their 
presence  is  felt  seriously  to  complicate  the  industrial  and 
social  problems  of  the  day.  In  1880  the  restriction  of 
Chinese  immigration  went  into  effect,  but  so  many  new- 
comers have  surreptitiously  crossed  the  borders  from  Brit- 
ish Columbia  and  Mexico,  that  there  has  been  little  if  any 
decrease  in  the  Chinese  population. 

Government. — The  state  constitution  was  adopted  in  1850. 
The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  two  years.  The  legis- 
lature consists  of  a  senate  of  40,  chosen  for  4  years  (one- 
half  elected  every  2  years),  and  a  house  of  representatives, 
80  in  number,  chosen  for  2  years.  All  judges  of  courts  are 
elected  by  the  people,  and  serve  for  a  limited  term  of  years. 
Every  voter  must  be  a  United  States  citizen,  resident  6 
months  in  the  state,  and  30  days  in  the  election  district 
where  he  votes. 

Banks,  &c. — There  were  in  1890  37  national  banks,  with 
a  total  capital  of  $8,425,000,  and  1 63  state  banks,  of  which 
37  were  savings-banks,  besides  27  private  banks.  The  ratei 
of  interest  in  California,  formerly  very  high,  have  not  di- 
minished as  much  as  recent  changes  in  financial  affairs 
would  appear  to  warrant,  as  the  state  still  affords  a  large 
field  for  industrial  and  speculative  ventures  which  give 
money  a  high  market  value. 

History. — California  was  the  New  or  Upper  California  of 
the  Spaniards  and  Mexicans,  so  called  to  distinguish  it  from 
the  Californian  peninsula,  which  is  still  held  by  Mexico. 
Its  coast  was  visited  by  Gabrillo  in  1542,  by  Drake  in 
1578  (he  named  it^ew  Albion),  and  by  Sebastian  Viscayno 
in  1602.  In  1769  the  Franciscans  planted  colonies  at  San 
Diego.  In  1776  they  established  the  Mission  Dolores  at 
San  Francisco,  and  ere  long  they  had  more  than  20  of  theM 


CAL 


764 


CAL 


agricultural  missions,  which  they  carried  on  by  the  aid  of 
the  Indians,  whom  they  converted  and  brought  to  a  condi- 
tion of  vassalage,  or  at  best  to  a  state  of  submissive  pupil- 
age. The  country  had  after  this  a  large  export  trade  in 
wool  and  hides,  and  the  fathers'of  the  mission  became  very 
wealthy.  After  1822,  when  Mexico  was  free  from  Spanish 
domination,  Mexican  and  other  settlers  began  to  come  in. 
Fremont's  expeditions  (1842  and  1859)  aroused  no  small  in- 
terest in  Upper  California,  and  some  thousands  of  Ameri- 
cans entered  the  country  in  consequence.  In  1846,  during 
the  Mexican  war.  Commodores  Sloat  and  Stockton  occupied 
the  most  important  points  along  the  coast,  and,  with  aid 
from  General  S.  W.  Kearney  and  Colonel  Fremont,  made 
conquest  of  the  territory,  which  was  confirmed  to  the  United 
States  by  the  convention  of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo.  In  1848 
gold  was  discovered,  and  the  rush  of  adventurers  to  Califor- 
nia began.  In  1849  a  state  constitution  was  framed,  and  in 
1850  the  state  was  admitted  to  the  Union.  The  progress  of 
the  state,  since  the  final  overthrow  (1855)  of  the  rufiian  ele- 
ment, which  was  so  largely  drawn  to  California  in  the  early 
years  of  the  gold  excitement,  has  been  steady  in  all  that 
constitutes  material,  commercial,  and  social  advancement. 

California,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  251. 

California,  a  township  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.  P.  438. 

California,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  8  miles  from  Butler  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  130. 

California,  a  station  in  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Vicksburg,  Shreveport  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

California,  a  post- village  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  about 
6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Leonardtown.     It  has  several  stores. 

California,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Branch  co., 
Mich.,  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Coldwater,  is  traversed 
by  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  841. 

California,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moniteau  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  150  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis,  and  39  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
9  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  ofiJces,  3  flouring- 
mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1772. 

California,  a  post-hamlet  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Powell's  Point,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

California,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  3626. 

California,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  An- 
derson township,  3i  miles  from  Columbia,  which  is  a  suburb 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
stove-foundry. 

California,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles 
B.W.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  112. 

California  (Flat  Post-OflSce),  a  village  of  Pike  co.,  0., 
in  Marion  township,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  400. 

California,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  60  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  5 
miles  below  Brownsville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  a  flint-glass-factory,  coal-mines,  and  a  boat- 
yard. Here  is  the  Southwestern  Normal  School.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  Pittsburg.     Pop.  1024. 

California,  Quebec.    See  Aubrey. 

California  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Mongolia. 

California  Junction,  in  Cincinnati  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Iowa  and  Nebraska  divisions  of  that  road,  70 
miles  S.  of  Sioux  City.  From  this  point  cars  are  ferried 
across  the  Missouri  to  Nebraska.     Post-office  name,  Yazoo. 

California,  Lower  or  Old  (Sp.  Baja  or  Vieja  Cali- 
fornia, hk'Ri.  or  ve-i'H4  k4-le-foR'ne-&),  a  territory  of  Mex- 
ico, on  the  W.  coast,  and  formed  of  a  peninsula  lying  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  about  750  miles  long  by  from  30  to  150  broad, 
and  extending  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  its  most  S.  point,  lat. 
22°  52'  N.,  Ion.  109°  53'  W.,  to  lat.  32°  30'  N. ;  bounded  N. 
by  the  State  of  California,  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  California, 
and  S.  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  61,544  square 
miles.  The  peninsula  is  traversed  throughout  by  a  contin- 
uation of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  1000  to  nearly  5000  feet 
high,  the  culminating  peak,  Cerro  de  la  Giganta,  being  4900 
feet.  It  has  2  extinct  volcanoes,  and  a  number  of  springs  of 
hot  water  and  of  bitumen ;  earthquakes  are  frequent.  This 
mountain-range  is  almost  bare  of  verdure.  Along  the 
mountain-foot  the  ground  is  sandy  or  stony  and  covered 
with  cactuses.  Among  the  ridges  and  protected  hollows  are 
a  few  spots  of  soil,  formed  generally  of  decomposed  lava. 
Water  and  soil  are  seldom  met  with  at  the  same  place. 
Where,  however,  this  happens  to  be  the  case,  the  fertility  is 
immense.     Only  two  streams  fall  from  its  mountains  into 


the  Gulf  of  California,  both  near  the  middle  of  the  penin 
sula,  and  only  three  into  the  Pacific ;  and  none  of  them  are 
large.  In  the  interior  are  springs,  sending  forth  abundant 
streams,  which  run  along  a  rocky  course  and  are  absorbed 
in  the  porous  soil  or  lost  in  subterranean  channels.  For 
about  80  miles  N.  from  Cape  San  Lucas  the  air  is  mild,  being 
tempered  by  the  sea-breeze ;  from  this  section  N.  to  Loreto, 
lat.  26°  16'  N.,  the  heat  is  excessive;  but  thence  N.  the  air 
is  cooler.  The  temperature  of  summer  on  the  coast  of  the 
Pacific  ranges  from  58°  to  71° ;  the  sky  is  peculiarly  clear, 
of  a  deep  blue,  and  perfectly  cloudless.  In  winter  the  rains 
are  severe,  but  of  short  duration,  and  accompanied  by  vio- 
lent winds.  During  the  rains  the  thermometer  falls  as 
low  as  50°.  The  variety  of  climate,  however,  is  great.  The 
fertile  spots  of  Lower  California  yield  maize,  manioc,  wheat, 
beans,  peas,  and  esculent  roots,  excellent  grapes,  from  which 
wine  is  made,  oranges,  lemons,  limes,  citrons,  prunes,  dates, 
plantains,  pine-apples,  Ac.  The  mountains  feed  a  few  sheep 
and  goats ;  and  to  a  small  extent  horses,  cattle,  mules,  and 
pigs  are  reared.  The  sea  is  stored  with  fish  in  incredible 
abundance  and  variety;  among  them  may  be  named  hali- 
but, turbot,  skate,  pilchard,  thornback,  mackerel,  barbel, 
bonitos,  soles,  lobsters,  tunnies,  anchovies,  and  oysters.  The 
pearl  oyster  is  obtained  in  the  gulf,  and  was  formerly  much 
more  extensively  fished  than  at  present.  Gold  is  supposed 
to  abound.  The  chief  towns  are  La  Paz,  the  capital,  near 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  peninsula,  and  Loreto,  in  about 
lat.  26°  12'  N.,  Ion.  112°  7'  W.  Lower  California  was  dis- 
covered by  Hernando  de  Grixalva  in  1534.  In  1642  the 
Jesuits  formed  establishments  in  it ;  they  taught  the  natives 
the  art  of  cultivating  the  ground,  and  raised  them  greatly 
in  the  scale  of  civilization.  In  the  reign  of  Philip  V.,  more 
especially  subsequent  to  1744,  the  Spanish  establishments  in 
California  increased,  and  became  very  considerable.  In  a 
very  few  years  the  Jesuits  built  16  villages  in  the  interior 
of  the  peninsula;  but  in  1767  they  were  expelled,  and  the 
administration  was  committed  to  monks  of  the  Dominican 
order,  who  have  not  maintained  the  same  career  of  useful- 
ness as  their  predecessors.  Pop.,  according  to  official  esti- 
mate in  1890,  31,167. 

Calig,  kS,  leeg',  or  Calix,  ki-leen',  a  town  of  Spain,  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Caatellon  de  la  Plann.     Pop.  3620. 

Calimera,  k&-le-m4'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  13^  miles 
N.W.  of  Otranto.     Pop.  2472. 

Calimere  (k4-li-meer')  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coast  of 
India.     Lat.  10°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  5'  E. 

Caling^apatam',  a  seaport  town  of  India,  in  Madras, 
on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chicacole. 

Calipujang,  k4-le-poo-y&ng',  a  harbor  of  the  island  of 
Java,  on  the  S.  coast,  inside  of  the  islands  of  Noosa-Eem- 
bangan  and  Noosa-R6,  in  lat.  7°  33'  S.,  Ion.  106°  30'  E. 

Calistoga,  kEl-is-to'ga,  an  incorporated  post-town  of 
Napa  CO.,  Cal.,  73  miles  by  rail  N.  of  San  Francisco,  in  the 
Napa  Valley,  about  3  miles  from  the  base  of  Mt.  St.  Helena. 
It  has  warm  mineral  springs,  a  public  school,  and  4  churches. 
Its  chief  industries  are  wine-making,  mining,  and  prune- 
growing.  Pop.  about  900.  It  is  the  northern  terminus  of 
the  California  Pacific  Railroad. 

Calitri,  kS,-lee'tree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  near  the  Ofanto,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Conza.     Pop.  6629. 

Calizzano,  ki-leet-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the 
Bormida,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  2782. 

Calken,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Calcken. 

Calkinsville,  kawk'inz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Isabella 
CO.,  Mich.,  8  miles  S.  of  Clare.     It  has  a  church. 

Cal'la,  a  village  of  Pawnee  co,.  Neb.,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Table  Rock  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Callac,  kiriik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  CStes- 
du-Nord,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Brieuc.     Pop.  3307. 

Cariacaud',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madrae^ 
30  miles  N.  of  Cape  Comorin.     Pop.  11,580. 

CaPlacoil',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Tanjore. 

Callaghan's,  kal'la-nanz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake'<&  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves 

Callahan,  kal'la-han,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central 
part  of  Texas,  has  an*  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  it 
partly  drained  by  the  Pecan  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied by  mountains,  among  which  are  East  Caddo  Peak  and 
West  Caddo  Peak.     Capital,  Baird.     Pop.  in  1890,  5457. 

Callahan,  a  post-village  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  the  Savan- 
nah, Florida,  &  Western  Railways,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fer- 
nandina,  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a 
Methodist  church.  It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  pine. 
Pop,  about  100. 


CAl. 


765 


OAL 


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Cal.nhaii,  or  Callahaiu,  u  hiimlet  of  North  Caro- 
iina.     See  Cxlam±s. 

Callahan's  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Siskiyou  oo., 
Cal.,  80  inilos  from  Redding.     It  has  a  church. 

Callain,  or  Callam.    See  Calang. 

Cal'lan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Kil- 
kenny.    Pop.  2381). 

Callaua,  kM&'n&,  or  Calanna,  k&-l&n'n&,  a  town 
ind  mountainous  district  of  Africa,  in  Soodan.  The  moun- 
tains form  part  of  the  Bataka  Range,  a  branch  of  the 
Mountains  of  Kong.  The  town  of  Callana  is  about  460 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Timbuctoo,  in  lat.  11°  12'  N.,  Ion.  2°  W. 

Cal'Ianan,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa. 

Callanan's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
&Y.,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cal'lander,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  30  miles 

iS.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  1870. 
al'lands,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Callao,  kiMow',  an  island  of  Cochin  China.     Lat.  15" 

'  N.;  Ion.  108°  30'  E.     It  has  a  town  on  its  S.W.  shore. 

'Callao,  kil-13,'o  or  kil-yi'o,  a  town  of  Peru,  and  its 
principal  seaport,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  ^ 
Lima.    Lat.  12°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  77°  1 3'  W,    Its  anchorage,  partly  ' 
sheltered  by  two  islands,  has  been  further  improved  by 
harbor-walls,  floating-  and  wet-docks,  and  a  good  mole.     It 
has  gas-works,  sugar-refineries,  machine-shops,  steam-cranes 
for  loading  and  unloading  ships,  is  well  fortified,  and  ships 
much  guano,  sugar,  wool,  Ac.     Pop.  (1891)  35,492. 
~l  Callao,  a  department  of  Peru,  adjoining  that  of  Lima. 
.  34,492. 

al'lao,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  in  Callao 
township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  9  miles 
W.  of  Macon  City,  and  79  miles  W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  public  school,  and  a  public  school  for 
colored  children,  a  newspaper  office,  and  woollen-  and  roller- 
mills.     Pop.  371;  of  the  township.  1161. 

Callapooya,  a  river  of  Oregon.     See  Calapooya. 

Callas,  kilMis',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2006. 

Callaway,  or  Calloway,  kal'la-way,  a  county  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  bordering  on  Tennessee.  Area, 
434  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tennessee 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Clark's  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  level  and  partly  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Ciipital,  Murray.  Pop.  in  1870,  9410;  in  1880,  13,295;  in 
1890,  14,675.     The  county  has  large  forests  of  hard  timber. 

Callaway,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Cedar  Creek, 
and  also  drained  by  Loutre  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Nearly  one- 
half  of  the  county  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  large  beds  of  bituminous 
coal  and  fine  limestone  (Lower  Silurian).  It  is  intersected 
by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.  Capital, 
Fulton.     Pop.  in  1880,  23,670 ;  in  1890,  25,131. 

Callaway,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Callaway,  a  station  in  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  4  miles  N. 
of  Fulton,  and  on  the  railroad  from  JefiFerson  City  to  Mexico. 

Callaway,  a  township  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.    P.  1745. 

Callaway,  an  incorporated  post-village  and  railroad 
terminus  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  about  17  miles  S.W.  of  Broken 
Bow.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  flouring-mills,  a  public 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  3cr0. 

Callaway's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Big  Lick.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Callenberg,  k8,l'len-b4RG\  a  village  of  Saxony,  district 
of  Waldenburg.     Pop.  1450. 

Callenberg,  a  village  of  Saxony,  adjacent  to  the  town 
of  Liohtenstein.     Pop.  2824, 

CalMender,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Webster  co., 
Iowa,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  2  churches. 
,  Cal'lensburg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in 
Licking  township,  on  the  Clarion  River,  about  22  miles  S. 
by  E.  from  Oil  City.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  255. 

Callewatta  River,  Australia.    See  Darling. 

Calliagna,  k&rie-&n'y&,  a  village,  island  of  St.  Yin- 
cent,  West  Indies,  on  its  S.  coast,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Kingstown. 

Callian,  kilMe-6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  1478.  I 

Callianee,  kalMe-an-nee',  or  CalMian',  a  town  andl 
railway  junction  of  India,  capital  of  the  Tannah  district, 
32  miles  N.E.  of  Bombay.  It  has  some  trade  in  cocoa-nuts, 
oil,  coarse  cloths,  and  earthenwares.     Pop.  12,800. 


Calliano,  k&l-le-&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prorlnoe  of 
Alessandria,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2956. 

CalMicoon',  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.T., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Monticello.  It  has  9  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber.  It  contains  a  village 
named  Jeifersonville,  and  post-hamlets  named  CallicooQ  and 
Youngsville.     Pop.  2487. 

Callicoon  Creek,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  the  DeU 
aware  River  at  Callicoon  Depot. 

Callicoon  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.T., 
in  Delaware  township,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  the  Erie 
Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  3  chnrohes 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Calliere,  karie^ain',  a  village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec, 
21  miles  from  Murray  Bay.     Pop.  200. 

Callierville,  kal'y^r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Chilton  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  28  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Selma.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Callies,  k&l-lees',  a  town  of  Prussia,  58  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Stettin.     Pop.  3-246. 

Callifise,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Caeife. 

CalMigray',  an  island  of  Scotland,  one  of  the  Hebrides, 
in  Harris  Sound,  3  miles  E.  of  Bernera,  2  miles  long. 

Callinger,  Kallinger,  kal'lin-j^r,  Kalleei\jur, 
or  Kallindshar,  a  town  and  hill-fortress  of  British  India, 
90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Allahabad,  on  a  table-land,  1200  feet 
above  the  adjacent  plains.  The  town  stands  at  the  N.  foot 
of  a  hill,  the  summit  of  which  is  enclosed  by  walls  5  miles 
in  circumference,  and  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1812. 

Calliope,  kal-!i'o-pe  (local  pron.  kal'l^-op),  a  post- 
town  of  Sioux  CO.,  Iowa,  47  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City 
It  has  2  churches,  several  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  950. 

Callipolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Gallipoli. 

Cal'lisburg,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 

Calliste,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Santorini. 

Calloo,  kil-lo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  the  Scheldt,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2678. 

Callosa  de  Eusarria,  kil-yo'si  d4  dn-8aR-Ree'&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3900. 

Callosa  de  Segura,  kil-yo'si  di  sd,-goo'ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3900. 

Cal'loway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hawkins  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  stoneware. 

Call's  Fort,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Corinne,  and  S 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brigham  City,  at  the  base  of  the  Wahsatoh 
range.     It  has  a  church. 

Call'ton,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish,  La. 

Callundborg,  Denmark.     See  Kallundborg. 

Calmar,  a  city  of  Sweden.     See  Kalmar. 

Cal'mar,  a  post-village  of  AVinneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Calmar  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  branch  railroads, 
47  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Charles  City,  and  about  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Decorah.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.  Pop.  813;  of  the 
township,  2074. 

Calmar,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  S.  of  Brookville. 

Calinina,  kal-mee'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Dahomey, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Abomey.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Calmpthout,  kimt'howt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2258. 

CaI'mucks,  or  Kal'mucks,  written  also  Cal- 
macks,  an  Asiatic  people,  a  branch  of  the  Mongols,  in- 
habiting the  countries  of  Upper  Asia,  and  from  the  Hoang- 
Ho  to  the  Volga.  They  live  in  tents,  and  have  no  fixed 
abode,  but  move  from  place  to  place  with  their  herds. 

Calmns,  a  village  of  Iowa.     See  Calamus. 

Cain,  k2,ln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Cain 
township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting.  The  township  is 
a  part  of  Chester  valley,  and  has  some  iron-works.    Pop.  984. 

Calne,  k&n,  a  town  of  England,  in  Wiltshire,  on  a  rail- 
way, 1 6  miles  E.  of  Bath.     Pop.  3495. 

Cal 'no,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J. 

Calo'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Frank 
lin  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  ha« 
a  church. 

Calore,  ki-lo'ri  (anc.  Ca'lor),  a  river  of  Itwly,  falls 
into  the  Volturno  near  Sant'  Agata  dei  Goti. 

Calore,  or  Negro,  ni'gro  (anc.  Tan'ager,  or  Ca'lor), 
a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Sele  near  Eboli. 

Calosso,  ki-los'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Asti.    Pop.  2587. 


CAL 


766 


CAL 


Ca'loW)  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  li  miles  E. 
ftf  Chesterfield.     Pop.  561. 

CalpCj  the  ancient  name  of  Gibkaltar. 

CalpeC)  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Kalpee. 

Calpel'la^  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Russian  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Ukiah,  and  about  110  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  placer  gold-mines.  Pop. 
of  Calpella  township,  807. 

Calpeni,  one  of  the  Laocadive  Islands.     See  Ealpeki. 

Calpentyn,  kil-p^n-tlne',  a  peninsula  of  Ceylon,  on  its 
W.  coast.     During  the  N.E.  monsoon  it  becomes  an  island. 

Calpentyn,  or  Kalpentyn,  k&I-p^n-tine',  written  also 
Kalpitiya,  and  Kalpitaje^  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  the 
W.  coast,  93  miles  N.  of  Colombo.  Lat.  8°  14'  N. ;  ion. 
79°  63'  E.  It  contains  a  bazaar  and  8  places  of  worship. 
The  harbor  is  not  accessible  to  vessels  exceeding  100  tons, 
even  at  the  highest  tides,  so  that  they  are  obliged  to  unload 
at  Mutwal  and  to  send  cargoes  to  Calpentyn  in  small  ves- 
sels. Calpentyn  was  acquired  by  the  Portuguese  in  1544, 
and  was  in  1640  captured  by  the  Dutch,  who  remained  till 
L795,  when  it  was  surrendered  to  the  British.     Pop.  4500. 

Calsiy  k&l'see,  a  village  and  mart  of  Northern  Hindo- 
stan,  in  Gurhwal,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jumna  and  Tonse, 
43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Seharunpoor. 

Caltagirone,  k&l-t&-je-ro'ni,  or  Calatagirone, 
ki-li'ti-je-ro'ni  (anc.  Calata  Hieronia?),  a  city  of  Sicily, 
province  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Catania,  on  a  hill,  and  with 
its  suburbs  occupying  considerable  ground.  It  is  one  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  commercial  towns  in  the  island.  It 
contains  several  churches  and  convents,  a  college,  hospital, 
and  orphan  asylum,  and  is  the  scat  of  a  bishop.  The  in- 
habitants are  esteemed  the  best  workmen  in  Sicily  in  the 
useful  arts.  The  manufactures  comprise  pottery  and  cotton 
fabrics.  The  town  was  fortified  by  the  Saracens,  and  taken 
from  them  by  the  Genoese.     Pop.  30,000. 

Caltanisetta,  kil-t4-ne-set'ti,  a  city  of  Sicily,  in  a 
fertile  plain  near  the  Salso,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Girgonti.  Pop. 
26,156.  It  is  well  built,  has  handsome  public  buildings,  and 
is  a  bishop's  see.  In  its  vicinity  are  mineral  springs  and 
extensive  sulphur-works.  Caltanisetta  is  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  Nisase  of  the  Romans. 

Caltanisetta,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  S.  central 
part  of  Sicily,  bounded  S.  by  the  sea.  Area,  1455  square 
miles.     Capital,  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  in  1890,  304,444. 

Caltavuiuro,  k4l-ti-voo-too'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo,  built  by  the  Saracens, 
who  called  it  Kalat-abi-thaur.     Pop.  5318. 

Caltura,  kil-too'ri,  or  Kalutara,  a  town  of  Ceylon, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  navigable  river  Kaluganga,  on  its  W. 
coast,  26  miles  by  canal  S.E.  of  Colombo,  with  an  active 
trade.  A  great  number  of  vessels  belong  to  the  port,  and 
trade  with  Madras  and  the  Coromandel  coast. 

Caluire,  kiPweeu',  a  village  of  France,  3  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lyons,  of  which  it  constitutes  a  suburb.     Pop.  9182. 

Cal'umet,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  Winnebago,  and  is  drained  by  the  Manitowoc 
River.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  sugar-maple  occurs;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone 
and  sandstone  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Chilton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,335;  in  1880,  16,632;  in  1890,  16,639. 

Calumet,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  111.  Pop.  1253.  It 
oontaius  part  of  Blue  Island. 

Calumet,  a  post-village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Primghar.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  200. 

Calumet,  a  post-village  of  Houghton  co..  Mien.,  in 
Calumet  township,  on  the  Mineral  Range  Railroad,  42  miles 
N.  of  L'Anse,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Calumet  &  Torch  Lake 
Railroad.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  famous  copper- 
mine  (said  to  be  the  richest  in  the  world),  which  employs 
about  1800  men,  and  yields  a  product  ranging  from 
30,000,000  to  50,000,000  pounds  per  annum.     Pop.  5000. 

Calumet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Louisiana,  It  has  a  church.  •  Pop.  of  Calumet  township 
(which  contains  Clarksville),  5185. 

Calumet,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  Elliottsville. 

Calumet,  township.  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1372. 

Calumet  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co., 
Wis.,  in  Calumet  township,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Winne- 
bago, about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  1  or  2 
ohurohes. 

Calumet  Island,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Pontiac 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  12  miles  from  Portage  du 
Fort,  and  72  miles  N.AV.  of  Ottawa      Pop.  1080. 


Calumet  Uiver  drains  parts  of  La  Porte  and  Porter 
COS.,  Ind.,  runs  into  Cook  co.,  111.,  and  enters  Lake 
Michigan  by  two  mouths,  one  of  which  is  at  South  Chicago. 

Cal'umetville,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  CO.,  Wis., 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Malone  Station. 

Caluso,  ki-loo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  6161. 

Calvados,  kiPvlMos'  or  k&l-v&'d6s,  a  department  in 
the  N.W.  of  France,  part  of  Lower  Normandy,  having  N. 
the  English  Channel,  S.  the  department  of  Orne,  E.  Eure, 
and  W.  Manche.  Area,  2145  square  miles.  The  surface  is 
hilly  in  the  S.,  with  extensive  plains  and  fertile  valleys. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Orne,  Toucques,  Dives,  Seniles,  Dromme, 
and  Vire.  Principal  products  are  coal,  gray  marble,  free- 
stone, cold  mineral  waters,  corn,  fruit,  cider,  hemp,  lint,  and 
timber.  Pasturage  is  abundant,  and  many  horses,  cattle, 
sheep,  and  hogs  are  reared;  herring-curing  is  an  important 
industry.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondisse 
ments  of  Bayeux,  Caen,  Falaise,  Lisieux,  Pont-l'EvSque, 
and  Vire.     Capital,  Caen.     Pop.  in  1891,  428,945. 

Cal'vary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  11  mile? 
S.  of  Whigham  Station.     It  has  a  church.     See  Harrell. 

Calvary,  a  village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Chicago,  and  1  mile 
from  Lake  Michigan.     Here  is  Calvary  cemetery. 

Calvary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Homer 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Marietta. 

Calvary,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1152. 

Calvary,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Marshfield  township,  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lao 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  li  miles  from  a 
village  named  Mount  Calvary,  which  has  2  churches.  Hero 
is  Calvary  College  (a  Catholic  ecclesiastical  school),  also  a 
Capuchin  convent. 

Calvello,  k&l-vdl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5800. 

Calventura  (k&l-vdn-too'ri)  Islands,  two  groups  of 
islets  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  ofT  the  coast  of  British  Burmah, 
in  lat.  17°  N.,  Ion.  94°  E. 

Cal'verley,  a  town  of  England,  York,  West  Riding,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Leeds.     Pop.  3195 ;  of  parish,  34,308. 

Cal'vert,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  218  square  miles.  It  is  a  peninsula  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  by  Patuxent 
River,  which  enters  the  bay  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  moderate!}' 
fertile.  Tobacco  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Marl  is  abundant.  Capital,  Prince  Fredericktown.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9865:  in  1880,  10,538;  in  1890,  9860. 

Calvert,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  32  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Mobile,  and  25  miles  S.  of  St.  Stephens.  It 
has  a  church. 

Calvert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kemper  co..  Miss.,  23  miles 
from  Meridian.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  3 
stores. 

Calvert,  a  post-town  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  129  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of 
Franklin.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  public  schools  for 
white  and  colored,  a  newspaper  office,  4  grist-mills,  3  cot- 
ton-gins, and  manufactures  of  ice.     Pop.  2632. 

Cal'vert,  or  Ka'ven,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  8°  54'  N. ;  Ion.,  170°  49'  E. 

Calvert  City,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church,  2 
stores,  &c. 

Calvert  Island,  British  Columbia.  Lat.  51°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  128°  10'  W. 

CaI'verton,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  annexed 
in  1888  to  Baltimore,  and  now  part  of  the  twenty-first 
ward  of  that  city. 

Calverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  SuflFolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th« 
Long  Island  Railroad,  and  on  Peconic  River,  3  miles  W 
of  Riverhead. 

Calvi,  kil've,  a  town  of  Corsica,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Calvi,  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bastia.  Pop.  2175. 
It  has  a  good  harbor  and  roadstead,  and  a  strong  citadel. 

Calvi  (anc,  Ca'les),  or  Calvi  Risorta,  re-son'ti,  n 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  7i  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Capua.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  but  its  bishop  resides  at  Pigna- 
taro.     Pop.  2862. 

Calvia,  kil've-A,  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Majorca,  6 
miles  W.  of  Palma.     Pop.  2007. 

Calvillo,  ka,l-vee'yo,  or  Valle  de  Hu^ucar,  vil'y4 
dk  wi-Hoo-kan',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  39  miles  W.~ 
of  Aguas  Calientes.     Pop.  5000. 

Cal'vin,  a  post-township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about  18 
miles  E.  of  Nile*      I*  boT  a  rich  soil   "«»•''  fnr«»<?t«  of  a«b 


CAL 


767 


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go, 


b«eoh,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.     Pop.  1627.     It  contains 
Brownsville  and  Day. 

Calvin,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Calvin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in  Union 
township.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Calvin's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oc,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Meadville. 

Calvisano,  kil-ve-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3735. 

Calvisson,  kirvee^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Gard,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  2121. 

Calvizzano,  k41-vit-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Naijles.     Pop.  1925. 

Calvo  Mons,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Caumont. 

Cal'vy,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co..  Mo,,  in 
Calvy  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Mar- 
amec  River.     Pop.  2100. 

Calw,  or  Kalw,  kilv,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Nagold,  and  on  a  railway,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Stuttgart.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  6882. 

Cal'wood,  a  post-office  of  Callaway  co..  Mo. 

Caly,  ki'lee  or  k&'lee,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  rises  in  the 
province  of  Gurhwal,  and  falls  into  the  Ganges  on  the  west- 
em  confines  of  Oude,  in  lat.  27°  10'  N.,  Ion.  79°  45'  E. 

Calypsean  Archipelago,  ka-lip'se-an  ar-ke-pel'a- 
go,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  a  group  of  islands  in  the 

editeiranean,  including  Malta,  Gozo,  Comino,  Cominotto, 
They  belong  to  Great  Britain. 

Calzada,  or  Casas  de  Calzada,  k&'s^  d&  k&l- 

1'dI,  a  village  of  Spain,  42  miles  S.  of  Salamanca. 

Calzada,  or  Calzada  de  Calatrava,  ka,l-thS,'D& 
di  ki-li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  New  Castile,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Ciudad  Real.    Linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  cloths,  blonde  lace, 
oil,  and  wine  are  made.     Pop.  3840. 
~  Calzada  de  Don  Diego,  kil-thi'Di  dk  don  de-i'go, 

illage  of  Spain,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salamanca.    Pop.  324. 

Calzada  de   Oropesa,  kil-th&'Di  dk  o-ro-pd's&,  a 
iwn  of  Spain,  28  miles  W,  of  Talavera.     Pop.  2107. 

Cam,  or  Gran'ta,  a  river  of  England,  after  a  course 

about  40  miles,  joins  the  Ouse  3i  miles  S.  of  Ely. 

Cam,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  tributary  of 

[6  Severn. 

Camacho,  or  Camaxo,  k3,-m3,'sho,  a  large  and  sev- 

1  small  lakes  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  con- 
ted  with  one  another  by  natural  canals.     They  lie  S. 

the  river  Tubarao,  and  are  commonly  named  Jaguaruna 

ihi-gwi-roo'ni),  Gurupaba   (goo-roo-pi'bi),    and   Santa 

'artha. 

Camacuan,  ki-mi-kwin',  sometimes  written  I<;aba- 

[Uam,  ee-si-b&-kw8,m',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rising  on  the 

frontier  of  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  flows  E., 

d,  after  a  course  of  about  150  miles,  enters  the  Lake  of 

tos  by  several  mouths. 

Cama  do  Lobos.    See  Camera  do  Lobos. 

Camajore,  ki-mi-yo'ri  (anc.  Cam'pua  Ma'jor),  a  town 

Central  Italy,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  6735. 

Ca^mak',  or  Ca^mack',  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 

.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Macon 

Augusta  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Augusta,  and  4  miles 
N.  of  Warrenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Camamu,   ki-m3,-moo',  a   bay,  island,  and   town   of 
Brazil,  state  of  Bahia.     The  bay  is  about  75  miles  S.W. 
of  Bahia.     The  island,  in  the  bay,  is  also  called  Ilha  das 
Pedras  (eel'yi  dS,s  pi'dris ;  i.e.,  "  isle  of  rocks").   The  town, 
.on  the  river  Acarahi,  entering  the  bay,  has  some  trade. 
H^r^  Camana,  ki-mi-nS,',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  prov- 
I^Blce  of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Arequipa,  is  sit- 
I^Hated  on  the  Camana,  near  its  mouth,  about  60  miles  S.W. 
I^Br  Arequipa.     Pop.  of  the  town,  about  2000. 
l^pCaman'che,  a  post- village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  near 
^^Wie  Mokelumne  River,  and  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Sacra- 
mento.    It  has  3  general  stores  and  several  gold-mines. 

Cainanche,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  Camanche  township,  1  mile  from  Ca- 
manche  Station  on  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad, 
4i  miles  S.W.  of  Clinton,  and  about  32  miles  by  water  above 
Davenport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  brewery, 
and  manufactures  of  soap,  gloves,  lumber,  mittens,  ifec.  Pop. 
758 ;  of  the  township,  495  additional.  In  1860  Camanche 
was  visited  by  a  tornado,  which  killed  35  persons. 

Camanche  Indians.    See  Comanche  Indians. 

Caraano  (ki-mi'no)  Island,  Washington,  is  sep- 
arated from  Whidby  Island  by  a  narrow  channel,  which 
oommcnicates  with  Puget  Sound.  It  is  a  part  of  Island 
CO.,  and  is  about  14  miles  long. 

Camapuan,  k&-m&-poo-&n'  or  k&-m&-pw&n',  a  river 


of  Brazil,  in  Matto-Grosso,  one  of  the  head-streams  of  the 
Taquari,  an  affluent  of  the  Paraguay.     Length,  70  miles. 

Camaracum,  the  ancient  name  of  Cahbrai. 

Camaran,  an  island  of  Arabia.     See  Kamaran. 

Camaranca,  or  Kamaranka,  k&-m&-r&ng'k&,  a 
river  of  Africa,  has  its  sources  in  the  Kong  Mountains, 
near  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  9°  15'  W.  It  pursues  a  S.W.  course  of 
about  250  miles,  and  falls  into  Yawry  Bay,  on  the  coast  of 
Sierra  Leone. 

Camarata,  or  Cammarata,  k&m-m&-r&'t&,  a  town 
of  Sicily,  36  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4907. 

Camar^s,  ki-mi-rSs'  or  ki'miVi',  a  town  of  Franct^ 
department  of  Aveyron,  on  the  Dourdou,  16  miles  S.  of 
Saint-AflTrique.     Pop.  1526. 

Camaret,  ki^mi'rd',  a  village  of  France,  in  FinistSre, 
with  a  small  port  on  the  Aulne,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Atlantic,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1232. 

Camargo,  k&-maR'go,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
6  miles  S.  of  Santander.     Pop.  2750. 

Camargo,  k3,-maR'go,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tamaulipas,  on  the  San  Juan,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Rio  Grande,  180  miles  by  road  E.  by  N.  of  Monterey.  It 
is  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation.  Lat.  26°  10'  N. ;  Ion. 
98°  30'  W.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  the  site  of  the  old 
Spanish  mission  San  Augustin  Laredo.     Pop.  5000. 

Camar'go,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  in  Ca- 
margo township,  on  the  Indiana  A  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 42  miles  E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  about  400  j  of  the  town- 
ship, 1808. 

Camargo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  a  church. 

Camargo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  1 
mile  from  Quarryville  Railroad  Station. 

Camargo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church. 

Camargos,  k3,-maR'goce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  6  miles  N.  of  Mariana.     Pop.  1000. 

Camargue  Island.    Sec  La  Camargue. 

Camarinas,  ki-mi-reen'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Corunna,  on  the  Bay  of  Camarinas,  on  which  it 
has  a  harbor.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Camarota,  ka-mi-ro'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Avel- 
lino,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Policastro.     Pop.  3083. 

Cam 'as  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
25  miles  S.W.  from  Roseburg. 

Camatagua,  k&-m&-ta'gw&,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Aragua,  50  miles  S.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  5716. 

Camaxo,  a  lake  of  Brazil.     See  Camacho. 

Cam'ba,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  at  Irwin's,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

Camba'liic,and  Cambalu'  (Mongol.  Kaan-baligh), 
mediaeval  names  of  Peking,  the  capital  of  China. 

Cambay,  or  Kambay,  kam'bi',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Cambay,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  and 
on  the  Mahee  River,  230  miles  N.  of  Bombay.  The  tides 
here  rise  30  feet,  and  at  low  water  no  ships  can  approach : 
hence  the  town,  well  built,  and  once  important,  has  greatly 
declined.  It  still  ships  some  cotton.  Pop.  33,710.  The 
native  state  of  Cambay  is  in  Guzerat,  and  is  tributary  to 
Baroda.     Area,  350  square  miles.     Pop.  83,510. 

Cambello,  k&m-b^l'lo,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Ceram, 
on  the  shore.  Though  difficult  of  approach  for  ships,  it  is 
frequented  by  traders. 

Camberwell,  kam'ber-w^ll,  a  parish  of  England,  and 
suburb  of  the  metropolis,  co.  of  Surrey,  2  miles  S.  of  St. 
Paul's.     Pop.  in  1891,  255,687. 

Cambiano,  kim-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2697. 

Cambil,  k&m-beel',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  13 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Jaen,  on  the  Matavexis.     Pop.  2646. 

Cam^bing',  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Timor. 

Cambo,  kftM^bo',  a  watering-place  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr^nCes,  9i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1467. 

Cambodia,  kam-bo'de-a,  Cam^boge',  Cambo'ja, 
or  Poutaipret,  pon-ti-pret',  a  town  of  Siam,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Cambodia,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mekong.  Lat.  12° 
4'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  4'  E.  It  is  now  greatly  decayed,  but  the 
ruins  attest  its  ancient  greatness. 

Cambodia,  or  Kamboja,  a  kingdom  of  Indo-China, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  and  further  enclosed  by 
Siam,  Annam,  and  French  Cochin  China.  The  kingdom  is 
one  of  great  antiquity,  and  once  had  a  wide  area,  but  had 
been  largely  conquered  by  the  Siamese  and  Annamese,  and 
what  was  left  was  practically  a  Siamese  province,  when  in 
1864  the  French  re-established  its  freedom  from  Siam  and 


CAM 


768 


CAM 


took  the  reorganized  state  under  their  own  protection. 
Present  area,  32,250  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
river  Mekong,  and  contains  the  great  lake  Bien-Hoa.  Chief 
exports,  gamboge,  cardamoms,  eaglewood,  gums,  hides,  fish, 
fish-oil,  and  ivory.  Capital,  Pnompenh.  Pop.,  according 
to  official  estimate,  1,020,000. 

Cambodia  (or  Camboja)  Point,  the  southeastern- 
most  point  of  Siam,  lat.  8°  40'  N.,  Ion.  104°  55'  E.,  at  the 
entrance  (N.  side)  of  the  Gulf  of  Siam. 

Cambodia  (or  Camboja)  River.    See  Mekong. 

Cambodunum,  or  Campodunum,  the  supposed 
ancient  name  of  Kempten,  a  town  of  Bavaria. 

Cambon,  kiM^bftN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
f6rieure,  5  miles  N.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1467. 

Camboorie,  or  Kamburi,  k3,m-boo'ree\  a  town  of 
Siam,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangkok,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  See-sa-wat  and  May-mannoi  Rivers. 

Camborne,  kam'born,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Corn- 
wall, 13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Penzance.  Pop.  7757,  mostly 
employed  in  copper-,  tin-,  and  lead-mines. 

Camborne,  or  Spring  Mills,  a  post-village  in  North- 
umberland CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  N.  of  Coburg.     Pop.  120. 

Cam'bra,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  10  miles 
from  Shickshinny  Station,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of 
Scranton.     It  has  a  church  and  2  general  stores. 

Cambrai,  or  Cambray,  kam'bri'  (Fr.  pron.  kftir^- 
hrk' ;  anc.  Camara'cum),  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  on  the  navigable  river  Scheldt,  32  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Lille.  Pop.  in  1891,  21,130.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
archbishop,  and  has  a  citadel,  a  cathedral  in  which  is  a 
monument  to  Ffinelon,  a  town  hall,  a  college,  and  a  public 
library  with  35,000  volumes  and  1000  manuscripts.  It  has 
a  diocesan  and  numerous  other  schools,  and  a  tribunal  of 
commerce.  Most  of  its  best  buildings,  with  its  ancient 
cathedral,  were  destroyed  during  the  Revolution.  It  has 
long  been  famous  for  its  fine  linen  fabrics,  thence  called 
cambrics,  and  has  also  manufactures  of  linen  thread,  lace, 
and  soap.     It  has  commerce  in  wool,  flax,  butter,  and  hops. 

Cambray',  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  49 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Port  Hope.     Pop.  250. 

Cambr^sis,  k&m^br^^seece',  an  old  subdivision  of 
French  Flanders,  of  which  Cambrai  was  the  capital,  now 
comprised  in  the  department  of  Nord. 

Cambria,  an  ancient  name  of  Wales. 

Cam'bria,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Coneraaugh,  Clearfield,  and  Chest  Creeks.  The 
main  range  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  extends  along  the 
S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  is  a  high  table-land, 
having  an  uneven  or  hilly  surface,  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  sugar-maple, 
<tc.  It  has  valuable  beds  of  coal  and  iron  ore.  Iron  and 
lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  The  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which, 
running  from  Cresson  in  a  northwesterly  direction,  ter- 
minates at  Ebensburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,569; 
in  1880,  46,811  ;  in  1890,  66,375. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal., 
near  the  ocean,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  San  Luis  01)ispo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  several  general 
stores  and  business  houses,  a  college,  and  a  rich  mine  of 
<iuicksilver.     Pop.  288. 

Cambria,  a  station  in  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  East  St.  Louis. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  store,  Ac. 

Cambria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Centreville,  and  5 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Corydon,  the  capital  of  the  county,  on 
the  Keokuk  &  AVestern  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
mill,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

Cambria,  a  post-borough  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  about 
5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Reading  Station,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Hills- 
dale.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Cambria,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    P.  337. 

Cambria,  a  post-township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Bufi"alo,  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad  and  by  a  terrace  called  the  Mountain  Ridge. 
It  contains  5  churches,  and  remains  of  a  remarkable  ancient 
fortification.   Pop.  2022.   PartofPekin  village  is  in  Cambria. 

Cambria,  a  former  borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  now 
annexed  to  Johnstown. 

Cambria  (station,  Christiansburg),  a  post-village  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  47  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Roanoke. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  400. 

Cambria,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1069. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  03.,  Wis.,  in 


Courtland  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  money, 
order  post-office,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  reapers,  harvesters,  and  wagons.    Pop.  502. 

Cambria,  a  post  village  of  Weston  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Newcastle.  It  has  a  church  organization,  a  tin-shop,  and 
a  foundry,  and  is  in  a  large  coal-mining  district.    Pop.  329. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  W.  of  St.  Jerome.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  700. 

Cambria  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
in  West  Pikeland  township,  on  Pickering  Creek,  and  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenixville. 

Cambridge,  or  Cambridgeshire,  kame'brij-shir, 
an  inland  county  of  England,  in  its  E.  part,  having  N.  Lin- 
colnshire, E.  Norfolk  and  Sufiblk,  S.  Essex  and  Herts,  W, 
Bedford,  Huntingdon,  and  Northamptonshire.  Area,  822 
square  miles.  Surface,  except  on  the  S.,  marshy  and  flat, 
but  very  generally  drained  by  canals  and  steam -pumps. 
(See  Ely  and  Bedford  Level.)  Chief  rivers,  the  Ouse, 
Cam,  Nene,  and  Larke,  most  of  them  flowing  principally  in 
recent  artificial  channels.  The  county  is  a  rich  agricultural 
region.  Chief  towns,  Cambridge,  the  capital,  Newmarket, 
Wisbeach,  and  the  city  of  Ely.  It  sends  (exclusive  of  ita 
boroughs)  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop, 
in  1871,  186,906;  in  1881,  185,706;  in  1891,  188,862. 

Cambridge,  kame'brij  (anc.  Gran'ta;  L.  Cantabri'- 
gin),  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  above  county,  and 
the  seat  of  one  of  the  great  English  universities,  situated  on 
both  sides  of  the  Cam,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways, 
49  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  The  town,  in  an  extensive 
flat,  embosomed  among  lofty  trees,  has,  with  few  exceptions 
only,  narrow,  winding,  and  irregularly  built  streets ;  but  its 
colleges  are  noble  edifices.  Principal  buildings  connected 
with  the  town,  St.  Mary's  and  Trinity  churches,  St.  Sepul- 
chre's, St.  Clement's,  St.  Edward's,  St.  Benedict's;  a  gram- 
mar-school, founded  in  1516;  a  national  school,  with  600 
pupils ;  numerous  almshouses ;  a  general  hospital ;  theatre 
in  the  suburb  of  Barnwell ;  the  shire  hall,  town  hall,  and 
jail,  enclosing  remains  of  the  ancient  castle ;  a  union  work- 
house, and  a  house  of  correction  and  industry,  founded  in 
1628  by  Hobson,  the  eccentric  carrier.  Cambridge  has 
flour-mills,  breweries,  rope-  and  twine-yards,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  carries  on  trade  by  the  river  with  Lynn,  chiefly 
in  timber,  and  is  a  depot  for  corn,  butter,  and  rape  oil, 
forwarded  by  land  to  the  London  markets.  It  is  divided 
into  5  wards,  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  aldermen,  and  coun- 
cillors, and  is  the  seat  of  county  assizes  and  quarter  and 
oetty  sessions.  Cambridge  (independent  of  its  university) 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

The  University  of  Cambridge,  founded  at  an  uncertain 

Eeriod  in  the  Middle  Ages,  consists  now  of  17  colleges  and 
alls.  Each  college  is  a  body  corporate,  internally  gov- 
erned by  its  own  stjitutes  and  maintained  by  the  endow- 
ments of  the  several  founders  and  benefactors.  Some  of 
the  college  buildings  are  among  the  most  interesting  and 
venerable  piles  in  the  kingdom ;  but  many  of  them  have 
lately  been  reconstructed,  and  adaj)ted  to  the  wants  of  the 
present  day.  As  in  Oxford,  candidates  for  university  honors 
rely  more  on  the  teaching  of  private  tutors  for  instruction 
than  on  that  of  the  professors.  Mathematics  (though  not 
to  the  exclusion  of  classical  and  other  learning)  forms  an 
important  branch  of  study  at  Cambridge.  Newton,  Bacon, 
and  many  of  the  greatest  divines  and  poets  of  Britain  con- 
ferred lustre  on  this  school.  The  prizes  open  to  the  uni-. 
versity  at  large  amount  annually  to  £1200,  and  at  the  dif- 
ferent colleges  to  not  less  than  £300.  The  general  income 
of  the  university  amounts  to  about  £1 2,000  a  year,  and  ths  t  of 
the  colleges  in  the  aggregate  to  a  little  more  than  £200,000 
per  annum,  of  which  sum  upwards  of  £20,000  is  vested  in 
scholarships  and  exhibitions.  The  university  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons,  who  are  chosen  by  the  senate. 

Cambridge  is  a  town  of  great  antiquity ;  in  Domesday 
Book,  where  it  is  described  as  an  important  place,  it  is 
called  Grentebrige,  from  one  of  the  names  of  the  river,  th« 
present  name,  derived  from  the  modern  name  of  the  rivei 
Cam,  being  comparatively  recent.  In  871  it  was  burnt  bj 
the  Danes,  and  again  in  1010.  It  was  the  scene  of  events 
which  have  become  matters  of  history,  and  of  some  military 
experiences  in  the  time  of  Cromwell.  Of  the  ancient  castle 
built  by  William  the  Conqueror,  on  the  site  of  a  Roman 
station,  and  some  years  used  as  a  county  jail,  only  the  gate- 
way now  remains.     Pop.  in  1891,  36,983. 

Cambridge,  kame'brij,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Aia. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co..  III. 
in  Cambridge  township,  on  the  Peoria  A  Rock  Island  Rail 


i 


CAiVI 


769 


CAM 


road,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Rock  Island,  and  61  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Peoria.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flouring-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  940;  of  the  township,  1826. 

Cambridge^  Indiana.     See  Cambridge  City. 

Cambridge,  a  post-town  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Skunk  River,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nevada,  and  42 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  bank,  a  creamery,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     P.  432. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Winfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  largo  building-stone  quarries.     P.  300. 

Cambridge,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Somerset 
00.,  Me.,  10  miles  W.  of  Dexter  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  flour.     Pop.  472. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  navigable  Choptank  River, 
about  18  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  An- 
napolis. Cambridge  contains  9  churches,  4  public  schools, 
2  academies,  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  Steamboats  ply  be- 
tween Cambridge  and  Baltimore  daily.  Many  shad,  oysters, 
and  herring  are  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  4192. 

Cambridge,  a  city  and  semi-capital  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  separated  from  Boston  by  Charles  River,  in  lat.  42° 
22'  21"  N.,  Ion.  71°  7'  38"  W.  It  comprises  "Old  Cam- 
bridge," the  seat  of  Harvard  University,  East  Cambridge 
(formerly  Lechmere  Point),  Cambridgeport,  about  mid- 
way between  Old  Cambridge  and  Boston,  and  the  district 
called  North  Cambridge.  Old  Cambridge,  or  Cambridge 
proper,  3  miles  W.  from  Boston,  is  delightfully  situated 
in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  plain,  extending  from  Charles 
River.  The  streets  are  generally  broad  and  shaded  with 
lofty  elms.  Many  of  the  dwellings  stand  at  considerable 
distances  from  one  another,  and  are  surrounded  with  spacious 
yards,  ornamented  with  shrubbery  and  evergreens.  The 
principal  object  of  interest  in  the  place  is  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, the  oldest  and  best-endowed  collegiate  institution  in 
the  United  States.  It  was  founded  in  1638,  and  derives  its 
name  from  the  Rev.  John  Harvard,  who  bequeathed  it  a 
legacy  of  about  £780.  Its  funds  at  the  present  time  amount 
to  about  $7,300,000,  and  the  yearly  income  at  present  is 
about  $1,000,000.  Besides  the  collegiate  department  proper, 
the  university  embraced  a  law  school,  a  theological  school, 
a  medical  school,  a  dental  school,  a  scientific  school,  a 
school  of  agriculture  and  horticulture,  an  astronomical  ob- 
servatory, a  botanic  garden,  herbarium  and  arboretum. 
The  library,  containing  about  500,000  volumes,  consists  of 
over  30  collections,  situated  in  the  main  library  building 
and  in  the  departments.  The  great  university  museum 
consists  of  various  departments,  including  a  museum  of 
comparative  zoology  and  a  museum  of  archaaology  and 
ethnology.  The  buildings  occupied  by  the  university  are 
numerous;  a  few  being  in  Boston.  The  most  prominent 
are  Memorial  Hall,  containing  the  dining -hall,  the  academic 
theatre,  and  a  monumental  hall  in  honor  of  the  graduates 
and  students  of  the  university  who  served  in  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States  during  the  war  of  1861-65 ;  Uni- 
versity Hall,  containing  recitation-  and  lecture-rooms;  Har- 
vard Hall,  containing  the  classical  and  historical  reference 
libraries ;  Gore  Hall,  a  fine  granite  structure,  having  in  it 
the  college  library;  the  Appleton  Chapel;  the  zoological 
museum ;  and  Boy  Iston  Hall,  containing  the  chemical  labora- 
tory. In  addition  to  these  there  are  Divinity  Hall,  occupied 
by  the  theological  students;  Austin  Hall,  occupied  by  the 
law  school ;  Lawrence  Hall,  occupied  by  the  scientific  school, 
and  other  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  students. 
The  institution  has  a  botanical  garden  of  about  eight  acres, 
stored  with  a  choice  selection  of  shrubs  and  plants,  both 
native  and  exotic  ;  and  one  of  the  most  powerful  telescopes 
in  the  country.  The  lectures  to  medical  students  are  given 
at  the  Medical  College  in  Boston.  Besides  the  Divinity 
School  (professedly  unsectarian)  noticed  above,  there  is  an 
Episcopalian  school  of  theology  in  Cambridge,  and  also 
one  of  the  New  Church  (Swedenborgian).  In  1890  Harvard 
had  graduated  about  17,000,  of  whom  more  than  half  were 
living,  a  greater  number  than  those  of  any  other  college  in 
the  Union.  There  are  within  the  limits  of  the  city  about 
40  churchea,  8  banks,  2  savings-institutions,  a  fire-insurance 
company,  and  various  literary  and  charitable  associations. 
See  Cambridgepout  and  East  Cambridge. 

Cambridge  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  New  England, 
having  been  settled  in  1630.  It  first  took  the  name  of  New- 
town, which  was  soon  after  changed  for  its  present  one. 
The  Bay  Psalm-Book,  the  first  book  printed  in  British 
America,  was  issued  here  by  Stephen  Day  in  1640;  and 
printing  is  still  one  of  the  principal  industries  of  the  place. 


Durin/^  the  Revolutionary  War  the  American  army  was 
encamped  in  Cambridge  while  the  British  had  possession 
of  Boston.  The  British  troops  that  surrendered  under  Bur- 
goyne  at  Saratoga  were  quartered  here  in  1777  as  prisoners 
of  war.  Pop.  in  1830,  6072;  1840,  8409;  in  1850,  15,215; 
in  1860,  26,060 ;  in  1870,  39,634;  in  1880,  62,669;  in  1890, 
70,028. 

Cambridge,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Adrian,  and  3  miles  from 
Brooklyn  Railroad  Station.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1089. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn., 
is  in  Cambridge  township,  on  Rum  River,  about  44  miles  N. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  ploughs.     Pop.  200. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  18  miles  below  Brunswick. 

Cambridge,  a  post-town  of  Furnas  co..  Neb.,  65 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  plows  and  wind- 
mills, and  2  newspaper  oflices.     Pop.  510. 

Cambridge,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  joins  Maine. 

Cambridge,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
in  a  valley,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.  35  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  is  partly 
in  Cambridge  township,  but  mostly  in  White  Creek.  It 
contains  the  Cambridge  Washington  Academy,  a  national 
bank,  7  churches,  a  foundry,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  Pop.  1530.  The  township  is  traversed 
by  the  Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Railroad.  Stations,  South 
Cambridge  and  West  Cambridge. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0., 
in  Cambridge  township,  on  Wills  Creek,  and  on  the  Mari- 
etta, Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  59 
miles  N.  of  Marietta,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville,  and  85 
miles  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  7  churches,  3  national  banks, 
a  foundry,  a  pottery,  a  steam  flour-mill,  several  salt  fur- 
naces, a  rolling-mill,  chulr-factory,  and  2  planing-mills. 
Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place,  which  is  surrounded  by  verdant  hills.  It 
has  3  publio  school-houses.  Pop.  4361 ;  of  the  township, 
6186. 

Cambridge,  a  borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cam- 
bridge township,  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Meadville,  and 
26  miles  S.  of  Erie.  It  has  5  churches,  a  private  bank,  a 
newspaper  ofiice,  a  graded  school,  a  large  cheese-factory,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  planing-mills.  Pop.  912.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Cambridgeborough. 

Cambridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Honey  Brook  Railroad  Station,  and  about  44 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  partly  in  Chester  oo. 
Here  is  a  creamery,  <fcc. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Cambridge  township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  about  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Burlington,  and  3  miles  from  Cambridge  Junction, 
or  Jefferson  vi lie.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber.  Pop.  nearly 
400  ;  of  the  township,  1651. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Chris- 
tiana township,  on  the  Koshkonong  River,  22  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  creamery, 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs,  sorghum-,  cider-,  and 
flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  ofiico.     Fop.  452. 

Cambridgeborough,  Pa.    See  Cambridge. 

Cambridge  City,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  & 
Cincinnati  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pan-Handle  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad, 
1 5  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  53  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  is  also  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Whitewater  Canal ;  and 
another  railroad  extends  hence  southwestward  te  Colambus. 
The  village  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  machine- 
shop,  car-works,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  beer,  lumber, 
furniture,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  2162. 

Cambridge  Gulf,  in  Northwestern  Australia,  between 
Capes  Dussejour  and  Domett,  lat.  14°  45'  S.,  is  20  miles 
wide  at  its  entrance,  and  runs  75  miles  inland. 

Cambridge  Junction,  Vt.    See  Jeffersonville. 

Cambridgeport,  formerly  a  separate  village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  but  now  forming  that  part  of  the  city  of 
Cambridge  which  is  situated  on  the  estuary  of  Charles 
River,  o))posite  to  and  W.  of  Boston,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge.  It  contains  the  city  hall,  1 1  churches,  3 
national  banks,  a  convent,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  mannfao- 
tures  of  reed-organs,  boilers,  soap,  books,  cordage,  Ao. 


CAM 


770 


CAM 


Cambridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
in  Grafton  township,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It 
has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  and  2  soapstone-mills. 

Cambrils,  kirn -breels',  a  seaport  of  Spain,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2140. 

Camburg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  JKamburg. 

Cam'buS)  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Clackmannan,  2 
miles  W.  of  Alloa. 

Cam'buslang,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire, 
5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  of  parish,  3740. 

Cambyna,  kam-bi'na,  or  Kabeina,  ka-bi'na,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  15  miles  S.  of  Celebes.  Lat.  5° 
21'  S. ;  Ion.  121°  57'  E.    Length, 20  miles;  breadth,  15  miles. 

Cam'den,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  769  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  S.  by  St.  Mary's  River,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  Satilla  River.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is 
sandy.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with  pine 
forests.  Rice  is  the  chief  product.  Capital,  St.  Mary's. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4615;  in  1880,  6183;  in  1890,  6178. 

Camden,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  692  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Osage  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Niangua  and  Grand 
Auglaize  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The 
bluffs  and  terraces  of  the  Niangua  and  Osage  Rivers  are 

Eicturesque.  Forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
lack  walnut,  wild  cherry,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part  of  the 
Burfaoe.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore, 
lead,  and  Lower  Silurian  magnesian  limestone,  which  is  a 
good  building  material.  The  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
Railroad  traverses  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  county, 
of  which  Linn  Creek  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6108; 
in  1880,  7266;  in  1890,  10,040. 

Camden,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about 
220  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Dela- 
ware River,  and  is  drained  by  Great  Egg  Harbor  River  and 
Cooper's  and  Big  Timber  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  but  the  N.W.  part  is  a  fertile 
loam.  The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  sweet 
potatoes,  Ac.  This  county  supplies  large  quantities  of  vege- 
tables, strawberries,  and  other  small  fruits  for  the  market 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  valuable  beds  of  marl,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Atlantic  City  Railroad,  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  and  the  West  Jersey  Railroad.  Capital,  Camden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  46,193;  in  1880,  62,942;  in  1890,  87,687. 

Camden,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  256  square  miles,  comprising  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  Dismal  Swamp.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Pasquotank  River. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
cypress  and  cedar,  from  which  good  timber  is  procured. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  The 
Norfolk  Southern  Railroad  traverses  the  county  in  a  N.E. 
direction,  passing  through  Camden,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5361;  in  1880,  6274;  in  1890,  6667. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Selma,  and  about  4  miles  S.  of  the 
Alabama  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  8  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  female  seminary.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  545. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  at  the  head  of 
navigation  (low  water),  about  100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Little 
Rock.  Steamboats  of  middle  or  large  size  ascend  the  river 
(in  winter  and  spring)  to  this  place,  which  is  supported 
chiefly  by  trade  and  navigation.  Camden  has  a  newspaper 
ofSce,  8  churches,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
woollen-factory.  About  25,000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually 
shipped  here.     Pop.  about  2250. 

Camden,  a  post- village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  51  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Dover.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  factory 
for  canning  fruits.     Pop.  about  800. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in  Cam- 
den township  (which  is  intersected  by  the  La  Moin  River), 
about  12  miles  W.  of  Rushville,  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  400 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1173. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  Deer  Creek,  and  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfords- 
ville  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Logans- 
port.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  3  flour- 
mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  750. 

Camden,  a  village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Penn  township, 
on  the  Salamonie  River,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 


It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  floariag* 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  carriage-shops.  The  name  of  iti 
post-oflBce  is  Pennville.     Pop.  about  600. 

Camden,  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     See  Skiddy. 

Camden,  a  post-village  in  Camdeii  township,  Knox  co., 
Me.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Rockland,  and  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  manufac- 
tures of  anchors,  capstans,  pumps,  woollen  goods,  <fcc.  A 
large  quantity  of  lime  is  exported  from  Camden.  The 
township  contains  villages  named  Rockport  and  Rockville, 
and  has  10  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4621. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Camden  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Hillsdale,  and  4  miles 
E.  by  S.  from  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  manufac- 
tures of  shingles,  doors,  Ac,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Camden,  a  post-township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson,  is  traversed  by  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Jackson  Sc  Saginaw  Railroad.  It  contains  villages  named 
Camden  and  Montgomery.     Pop.  1995. 

Camden,  a  village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Camden,  a  township  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  660. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lynd 
township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  about  44 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  3  churches  and  3  stores. 

Camden,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1359. 
It  contains  Maysville. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  in  Camden 
township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Northern  Riiilroad,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kansas  City, 
and  about  14  miles  by  water  above  Lexington.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  church.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  357 ;  of  the  township,  3347. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  is  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  1  mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  West  Blue, 
7  miles  N.  of  Crete,  and  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Camden,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Philadelphia,  to 
which  it  is  connected  by  five  lines  of  steam  ferry-boats.  It 
stands  upon  nearly  level  ground,  its  river-front  extending 
from  Cooper's  Creek  on  the  north  to  Newton  Creek  on 
the  south,  the  latter  separating  it  from  Gloucester  City. 
Cooper's  Creek  is  navigable  beyond  the  city  limits.  Cam 
den  is  a  terminus  of  the  Camden  &  Amboy,  Camden  & 
Burlington  County,  Camden  &  Atlantic,  Philadelphia  & 
Atlantic  City,  West  Jersey,  and  Camden,  Gloucester  & 
Mt.  Ephraim  Railroads.  It  has  31  churches,  a  city  hall, 
county  buildings,  a  hospital,  a  children's  home,  a  colored 
orphanage,  a  dispensary,  2  national  banks,  a  trust  and 
savings  fund,  and  4  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  Its 
streets  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  there  are  lines  of 
street  railway.  Camden  is  the  seat  of  varied  manufactures, 
having  seven  iron-foundries  (among  them  some  of  the 
largest  class),  22  boot-  and  shoe-factories,  6  carriage-  and 
wagon-works,  3  chemical-works,  7  lumber-mills,  12  textile 
establishments,  a  nickel-refinery,  and  manufactures  of 
paints,  dyes,  fertilizers,  machinery,  sheet-metal  goods, 
shawls,  oil-cloths,  stoves,  &o.  It  has  eight  ship-building 
yards,  dry-docks,  and  marine  railways.  Near  the  city  limits 
is  the  Camden  Abattoir.  Its  water  supply  is  pumped  from 
the  Delaware  at  Pavonia.  Pop.  in  1850,  9478;  in  1860, 
14,358;  in  1870,  20,045  (since  which  time  the  city  has  been 
increased  by  the  annexation  of  a  part  of  Newton) ;  in 
1880,  41,659;  in  1890,  58,313. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Fisb 
Creek,  in  Camden  township,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rome,  and  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a 
post-ofl5ce-box-factory,  2  sash-,  door-,  and  blind-factories,  5 
manufactories  of  furniture,  2  rake-factories,  a  woollen-mill, 
5  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  foundry.  One  weekly 
and  one  monthly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  1902; 
of  the  township,  3391. 

Camden,  Camden  co.,  N.C.  See  Camden  Court- Housk. 

Camden,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.     Pop.  858. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Somers 
township,  on  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Richmond  A  Chicago  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.  It  has  water-power, 
and  several  flour-mills  and  saw-  and  planing-mills,  also  3 
churches,  public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  "  Nonpareil"  portrait-copying  house,  and  it  ft 
great  agricultural  and  stock  centre.     Pop.  848 


CAM 


771 


CAM 


Camden,  a  station  in  MifiSin  township,  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  17 
oiiles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Here  are  extensive  coal-mines. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C, 
b  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Wateree  River,  which  is  navigable 
by  steamboats,  and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia.  It  is  the 
northern  terminus  of  the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  and  has  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2 
banks,  industrial  and  .3  graded  schools,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  A  battle  was  fought  here  between  Qeneral  Greene 
and  Lord  Rawdon  in  April,  1781.     Pop.  3533. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  87 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Camden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  29  miles 
from  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Camden  Bay,  in  Alaska,  is  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  lat. 
70°  N.,  Ion.  145°  W. 

Camden  Court-House,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cam- 
den CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  navigable  Pasquotank  River,  about  18 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Albemarle  Sound,  and  42  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     Pop.  1684. 

Camden  Crossing  is  on  the  Wilmington  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Sumter,  S.C,  at  the  crossing  of 
the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 

Camden  East,  or  Clark's  Mills,  also  called 
Clarkesville,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Napanee  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.  It  has 
great  water-power  and  several  mills.     Pop.  500. 

Camden  Junction,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Baltimore. 

Camden  Mills,  Illinois.     See  Milan. 

Camden  Point,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  77. 

Camden  Station,  Delaware.    See  Wyoming. 

Camden- Town,  England,  a  suburb  of  London,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  17,943. 

Cam'denviile,  a  village  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  on  Salt 
River,  15  miles  from  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  an  academy,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cam'elford,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 
Camel,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bodmin.  Here  was  fought  the 
famous  battle  between  King  Arthur  and  his  nephew  Mod- 
red,  A.D.  543. 

Cam'elon,  a  villageof  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  li  miles 
W.N.  W.  of  Falkirk.  Pop.  1838.  Old  Camelon,  a  little  north- 
westward,  was  an  ancient  port  on  the  Carron,  supposed  to 
be  the  Roman  Ad-  Vallum. 

Cam'elot,  a  steep  hill  in  the  parish  of  Queen's  Camel, 
Somersetshire,  England,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilchester.  Here 
are  some  remains  of  remote  antiquity ;  and  the  place  is 
identified  by  tradition  with  Camelot,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
the  legendary  King  Arthur. 

Cam'el's  Hump,  a  peak  of  the  Green  Mountains,  in 
Vermont,  is  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington,  and  2  or  3 
miles  S.  of  the  Winooski  River.  It  has  a  height  of  4088  feet. 

Camen,  ki'm§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Hamm.     Pop.  3728. 

Camenz,  or  Kamenz,  k3,'mSnts,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
on  the  Black  Elster,  20  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dresden.  It 
has  manufactures  of  earthenware,  tobacco,  and  starch,  sev- 
eral dye-works  and  tanneries,  numerous  mills,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  6106. 

Camera  (or  Ca'ma)  do  Lobos,  ki'mi-ri  do  lo'boce, 
a  maritime  village  of  Madeira,  a  few  miles  W.  of  Funchal, 
in  a  picturesque  valley. 

Camerano,  k3,-mi-rS,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  3709. 

Cameri,  ki-m4'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4i 
miles  N.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  3935. 

Camerino,  ki-m4-ree'no  (anc.  Catneri'num),  a  city  of 
Italy,  province  of  Macerata,  41  miles  S.W.  of  Ancona.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  palace,  monasteries  and 
convents,  a  university,  founded  in  1727,  and  a  silk-factory. 
It  was  anciently  an  important  city.     Pop.  11,880. 

Camerlata,  ki-mSr-li'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Como.     Pop.  2220. 

Cam'eron,  a  parish  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1552  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Calcasieu  Lake,  an  expansion  of  Calcasieu  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  savan- 
nas or  open  plains,  which  produce  pasture  for  cattle.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Capital,  Cameron.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1591 ;  in  1880,  2416;  in  1890,  2828. 


Cameron,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Area,  382  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Sinnemahoning  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  chestnut,  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees; 
the  soil  produces  grass,  onts,  Indian  corn,  &,c.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  division  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  and  by  the  Western  New  York  A  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  which  meet  at  Emporium,  the  capital 
of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  5159;  in  1890,  7238. 

Cameron,  a  large  county  forming  the  S.  extremity  of 
Texas,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  which  separates  it  from  the  Mex- 
ican state  of  Tamaulipas.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the 
soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle,  which  are  the 
chief  article  of  export.  This  county  has  several  salt  lakes 
or  lagoons  from  which  salt  is  procured.  The  Rio  Grande 
Railroad,  crossing  its  southern  extremity,  connects  Point 
Isabel  with  Brownsville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,999 ; 
in  1880,  14,959;  in  1890,  14,424. 

Cameron,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  119  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tulare. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Georgia  Central  Railroad,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiney  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.AV.  of 
Galesburg,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Monmouth.  It  has  3  churches 
and  4  stores.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Cameron,  or  Lees'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of 
Cameron  parish.  La.,  on  the  east  bank  of  Calcasieu  River, 

2  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  90  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Galveston,  Tex.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cameron. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  St. 
Joseph,  and  41  miles  W.  of  Chillieothe..  It  has  12  churches, 

3  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  collegiate  and  business  institute, 
and  an  academy.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  2917. 

Cameron,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co..  Neb. 

Cameron,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cam- 
eron township,  on  the  Canisteo  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 41  miles  W,  by  N.  from  Elmira,  and  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bath.  It  has  a  church  and  3  stores.  Pop.  161 ;  of  the 
township,  1612. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  in  Green- 
wood township,  on  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  57 
miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a 
tannery,  4  turpentine-distilleries,  and  5  stores. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Adams 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta,  was  formerly 
called  Jamestown.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  145. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Sinnemahoning  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Emporium.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Cameron,  township,  Northumberland  co..  Pa.    P.  603. 

Cameron,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Little  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Rockdale  Railroad  Station,  about 
66  miles  N.E.  of  Austin,  and  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Calvert. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a  female 
college,  a  college  for  boys,  and  manufactures  of  farming 
implements,  ice,  and  wine.     Pop,  in  1890,  1608. 

Cameron,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad, 

4  miles  from  Alexandria,  Va. 

Cameron,  a  station  in  JeflFerson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Winchester  <fc  Potomac  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's 
Ferry. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  28  miles  S,  by  E.  from 
Wheeling.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Cameron  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad  and  Canisteo  River,  in  Rathbone 
township,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  a  saw- mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Cameron's  Cone,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Front 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  50'  N.,  Ion.  104°  58'  30"  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  11,460  feet  above  the  sea-Ievel. 

Cameroons,  kam-er-oons',  or  Camerones,  k&-m&- 
ro'nfie,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  which, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  uncertain  length,  enters  the  Bight  of 
Biafra,  near  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  9°  40'  E.,  by  an  estuary  20  miles 
in  width,  which  contains  several  large  islands.  About  90 
miles  from  the  sea  it  forms  a  cataract,  as  do  several  of  its 
affluents,  in  passing  through  the  Cameroons  Mountains. 
On  its  banks  are  many  populous  villages. 


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Cameroons  Mountains,  a  chain  in  Western  Africa, 
the  culminating  point  being  in  lat.  4°  13'  N.,  Ion.  9°  10'  E., 
13,700  feet  in  elevation.  It  is  covered  nearly  to  the  sum- 
mit with  trees  of  luxuriant  growth.     See  Cape  Cameroons. 

Camerota,  kS,-mi-ro't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Salerno,  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  3083. 

Cameta,  ki-mi't4,  or  Camuta,  ka,-moo't4,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  on  the  Tocantins,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Pard. 

Caniicianae  Aqnse.    See  Castel  Termini. 

Camicus,  the  ancient  name  of  Platani. 

Camiguin  (ki-me-gheen')  Island,  one  of  the  Babu- 
yan Islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  lat.  18°  54'  N.,  Ion.  121° 
53'  E.,  from  7  to  9  miles  long,  high  and  hilly.  The  south- 
ern part  is  formed  of  a  high  mountain,  formerly  a  volcano, 
visible  at  60  miles'  distance.  The  shore  is  lined  with  coral 
rock.     On  the  western  side  is  the  port  of  San  Pio  Quinto. 

Camiguin  Island,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Philip- 
pines, N.W,  of  Mindanao.    Lat.  8°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  20'  E. 

Camil'la,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mitchell  eo.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  high  school.  A  weekly  newspaper  is 
published  here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Camilla,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Nottawasaga  River,  6  miles  from  Orangeville.     Pop.  100. 

Camil'lus,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Camillus  township,  on  the  Otisco  outlet  or  Nine  Mile  Creek, 
and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Canal.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  large  flour-mill,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, Ac.  Pop.  598  ;  of  the  township,  2613.  The  township 
contains  also  Amboy  and  Belle  Isle. 

Caminha,  kfi,-meen'y&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  27  miles 
N.W.  of  Braga,  on  the  Minho,     Pop.  2250. 

Camisano,  ki-me-si'no,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  8J  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  4044. 

Camisano,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  in  Cremona,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Crema.     Pop.  1107. 

CaniMapoor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  contiguous  to  the  ruins  of  Bijanagur  (which  see), 
of  which  city  it  probably  once  formed  a  part.  Near  it  are 
two  magnificent  Hindoo  temples. 

Cammarata,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Camarata. 

Cammeer,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kameer. 

Cammin,  Kammin,  k&m-meen',  or  Kamin,  k&- 
ineen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Stettin,  near  the  Baltic.     Pop.  5261.  ' 

Camoghe,  ki-mo'gi,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Ticino,  on  the  borders  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.  of  Lago 
rii  Lugano.     It  has  an  elevation  of  8800  feet. 

Camogli,  ki-m61'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  on  a  high  rock  overlooking 
the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  4985. 

Cam'olin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on  the 
Bann,  6i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Gorey.     Pop.  483. 

Camonica,  ki-mon'e-ki,  or  Valle  Camonica,  vil'- 
li.  ki-mon'e-ki,  a  valley  of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo, 
formed  by  two  branches  of  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  and  stretch- 
ing 50  miles  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  along  both  branches 
of  the  Oglio,  and  as  far  as  the  Lake  of  Iseo.  The  inhab- 
itants, now  about  50,000,  were  anciently  called  Camuni. 

Camorta,  ki-moR't3,,  Car  Morta,  kaR  moR'ti,  or 
Nicavari,  ne-ki-vi'ree,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  Gulf 
of  Bengal.  Lat.  8°  2'  N.;  Ion.  93°  40'  E.  Length,  16  miles; 
breadth,  from  2  to  5  miles.  It  is  separated  by  a  narrow 
channel  from  Nancowry,  and,  along  with  that  island,  forms 
Nancowry  Harbor,  which  is  well  sheltered  and  capacious. 

Camot,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Ciamot. 

Camp,  a  county  in  the  N.B.  part  of  Texas,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Big  Cypress  Bayou.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  The  county  is  traversed  by  2  railroad  lines 
which  cross  at  Pittsburg,  the  capital.  Area,  200  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  5931;  in  1890,  6624. 

Carapagna,  a  division  of  Italy.     See  Campania. 

Campagna,  kim-pin'ya,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  20  miles  E.  of  Salerno,  in  the  midst  of  high  mountains. 
Pop.  9813.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Campagna,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  12  miles  S.W. 
»f  Venice.     Pop.  1300. 

Campagnac,  k6M'pan'yak',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  23  miles  E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1230. 

Campagna  di  Roma,  kam-pin'yi  dee  ro'mi,  an  old 
province  of  Italy,  nearly  corresponding  in  limits  to  the 
ancient  Latium,  extending  along  the  W.  coast  from  Civita 
Vecchia  to  Astura  and  the  Pontine  Marshes,  and  inland  to 
the  Alban  and  Sabine  Hills,  Rome  being  near  its  centre. 
Length,  about  70  miles;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles.     It  is 


an  undulating  region,  rising  to  200  feet  above  the  sea,  and 
is  skirted  on  the  Mediterranean  by  a  strip  of  marsh-land 
from  2  to  3  miles  in  breadth.  Once  the  richest  and  most 
populous  country  in  the  world,  it  is  now  nearly  destitute 
of  inhabitants,  except  in  a  few  scattered  towns. 

Campagnatico,  kim-pin-yi'te-ko,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Grosscto.     Pop.  5143. 

Campagnola,  kS,m-pin-yo'l5.,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Keggio.     Pop.  3495. 

Campan,  k6M'pfiN°',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  on  the  Adour,  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Tarbes. 
Pop.  3924. 

Campafia,  k&m-p&n'yd.,  an  island  off  the  western  coast 
of  Patagonia,  lat.  48°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  75°  30'  W.,  separated 
from  Wellington  Island  by  Fallos  Channel.  Length,  about 
55  miles;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Campana,  kim-p3,'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Cariati.     Pop.  2247. 

Campaiia,  k&m-p&n'y&,  or  Compana,  kom-p&'n&,  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  on  the  river  Parang,  45 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Campana,  or  La  Campana,  \h,  k4.m-p3,'n&,  a  tows 
of  Spain,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  6374. 

Campanario,  kim-pi-ni're-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  Estro- 
madura,  62  miles  E.  of  Badajos.  It  manufactures  linen, 
esparto  ropes,  wine,  and  oil.  It  has  trade  in  grain,  wool, 
and  esparto.     Pop.  6145. 

Campanet,  kim-pi-nSt',  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of 
Majorca,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  2191. 

Campanha,  kim-pS,n'y&,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  Minas* 
Geraes,  160  miles  S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  6600. 

Campania,  kim-pin'yi  (Lat.  Campania ;  Ital.  Cam^ 
pagna),  a  compartimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  com- 
prising the  provinces  of  Avellino,  Benevento,  Caserta, 
Naples,  and  Salerno.  Area,  6937  square  miles.  It  com- 
prises the  district  called  Campania  in  ancient  times ;  but 
afterwards  that  name  was  applied  to  the  Campagna  di 
Roma  (which  see).     Pop.  2,764,692. 

Campa'nia  Fe'lix,and  Campagna  Felice,  kirn- 
pin'yi  fi-lee'chi,  names  sometimes  given  to  a  part  of 
Italy  corresponding  to  the  province  of  Caserta. 

Camp  Apache,  4-pi'chi,  a  U.S.  military  post  in  Ari- 
zona, lat.  34°  N.,  Ion.  109°  46'  W.,  on  White  Mountain  River. 

Cam'par%  a  river  and  town  of  the  island  of  Sumatra, 
on  its  E.  coast,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Singapore. 

Campauna,  kim-p6w'ni,  a  town  of  the  state  of  Boyac<i, 
United  States  of  Colombia,  45  miles  W.  of  Tunja.  Pop., 
with  surroundings,  5000. 

Camp  Badger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  22 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Visalia,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Camp  Beale's  Springs,  in  Mohave  eo.,  Arizona,  a 
United  States  military  post,  lat.  35°  16'  N.,  Ion.  114°  W. 

Campbell,  kam'^1,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part 
of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  230  square  miles.  It  it 
bounded  on  the  N.  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Gold 
and  iron  have  been  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlanta  A  West  Point  Railroad.  Capital,  Fairburn. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9176;  in  1880,  9970;  in  1890,  9115. 

Campbell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  140  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  Ohio  (Hamilton 
county),  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Licking  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile,  being  based  on  Silu- 
rian (Trenton)  limestone.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  The  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad 
traverses  the  whole  of  the  E.  border  of  this  county.  Capi- 
tal, Newport.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,406 ;  in  1880,  37,440  j  in 
1890,  44,208. 

Campbell,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  488  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Clinch  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
several  small  aflluents  of  the  Cumberland  River.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  A 
portion  of  the  Cumberland  Mountains  is  comprised  in  this 
county.  The  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad 
enters  the  county  at  Jellico  in  the  N.,  running  S.W.  to 
Buckeye,  thence  S.E.  to  Knoxville.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
bituminous  coal,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Jacksborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  7445;  in  1880,  10,005;  in 
1890,  13,486. 

Campbell,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  465  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Staunton  River.     The  sur-  | 
face  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.    Indian  corn,  tobacco,  oats,  and  wheat  are 


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the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are 
giiinite  and  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atlantic, 
Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad.  Chief  town,  Lynchburg.  Capital,  Campbell 
Court-IIouse,  or  Rustburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,384;  in  1880, 
36,250;  in  1890,  41,087. 

Campbell)  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Fla.,  4i  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Kissimmee.  It  has  a  church  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  100. 

Campbell,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  3  miles  N. 
of  Janesville,  and  7  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Charleston.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Campbell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Des  .Moines.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.     Pop.  lOO! 

Campbell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  2J 
miles  S.W.  of  Showell  Station,  and  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Snow  Hill.     It  has  a  church. 

Campbell,  a  station  in  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Centreville. 

Campbell,  a  post-township  and  village  of  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  The  village  is  9 
miles  S.  of  Saranac.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Total  pop.  1179. 

Campbell,  a  post-ofBceof  Wilkin  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Breckenridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Campbell,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  8694. 
It  includes  the  city  of  Springfield. 

Campbell,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hildreth,  and  21  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of 
1    JBloomington.    It  has  2  churche8„2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  and 
■  H|hewspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

I^H7ampbell  (station,  Campbell's),  a  post-town  of  Steuben 

r  To.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Bath.     It  has  3 

churches,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a  free  school,  &c.     Pop.  1533. 

Campbell,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Campbell's  Station. 

Campbell,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
from  York  to  Columbia,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  York. 

Campbell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 
Admiral  Farragut  was  born  here. 

Campbell,  a  post-town  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Greenville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  800. 

Campbell,  a  station  in  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Charlottesville. 

» Campbell  Court-House,  Va.     See  Rustburg. 
Campbellford,  kam'el-ford,  a  post-village  in  North- 
iberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Trent,  20  miles  N.  of 
Brighton.     It  has  excellent  water-power,  several  grist-mills, 
ft  tannery,  woollen-  and  carding-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

« Campbell  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
}'&  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.  of  Goshen, 
has  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory. 

Campbell  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  III.,  in 
Bradley  township,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  75 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
3  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Campbell  (kam'el)  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  52°  33' 
26"  S.,  Ion.  169°  8'  41"  E.,  is  36  miles  in  circumference, 
mountainous,  and  has  several  good  harbors.  It  is  volcanic, 
and  its  flora  is  very  interesting. 

Campbell's,  kam'^lz,  a  station  in  Christian  co..  111., 
on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  main  line,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
railroad  from  New  Brunswick  to  Jersey  City,  5  miles  N.B. 
of  New  Brunswick. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Maury  oo.,  Tenn.  See  Foun- 
tain Creek. 

Campbell's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co., 
B.C.,  on  the  Little  Pedee  River. 

Campbellsburg,  kam'?lz-biirg,  a  post- village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ind.,  11  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Salem.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  brick.     Pop.  418. 

Campbellsburg,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky., 
41  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Campbell's  Cross,  or  Dublin,  a  post-village  in 
Reel  CO.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Brampton.     P.  150. 

Campbell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co., 
Conn. 

Campbellsport,  kam'^lz-port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Port- 
age CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Ravenna.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 


Campbellsport  (station,  New  Castlo),  a  post-village 
of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Fond 
du  Lac.     It  has  4  churches,  and  planing-  and  flour-mills. 

Campbelistown,  kam'^Iz-tdwn,  a  post-office  of  Preble 
CO.,  0.,  at  Florence,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind. 

Campbellsville,  kam'^lz-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles  S.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  66  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  4 
tobacco-warehouses,  a  grist-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Campbellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yazoo  co.,  Miss., 
about  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Yazoo  City. 

Campbellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn., 
about  56  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Nashville.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Campbellton,  kam'^l-tiin,  a  post-village  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Fla.,  16  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Marianna.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Campbellton,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Qa.,  oi> 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  119. 

Campbellton,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Campbellton,  a  town  of  Restigouche  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  estuary  of  the  Restigouche  River,  16  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Dalhousie.  It  is  the  northernmost  town  in  the 
province,  and  contains  12  or  15  stores,  3  hotels,  and  several 
mills,  and  has  a  trade  in  lumber  and  fish.     Pop.  600. 

Campbellton,  a  village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles 
from  Ingersoll.     Pop.  100. 

Campbellton,  or  Clifton,  a  post- village  in  Prince 
CO.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Summerside. 
Pop.  150. 

Campbelltown,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.     See  Caupbsll. 

Campbelltown,  kam'^l-town,  a  post- village  of  Leba- 
non CO.,  Pa.,  in  Londonderry  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Palmyra, 
and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Campbelltown,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Barnwell  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beau- 
fort.    It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Sanders  Post-Office. 

Campbellville,  kam'§l-vil,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Campbellville,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Wellington  Square.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory,  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Campbelton,  kam'§l-ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Inverness,  on  Beauly  Firth.  It  is  re- 
sorted to  as  a  bathing-place  in  summer. 

Campbeltown,  kam'el-town,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in 
Argyleshire,  on  the  peninsula  of  Kintyre,  38  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Ayr.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and  some  fisheries.  Here 
are  over  20  distilleries.  Coal  has  been  wrought  near  the 
town.     Pop.  4593  ;  of  the  parish,  8580. 

Camp  Bid'well,  a  United  States  military  post  in 
Modoc  CO.,  Cal.     Lat.  41°  51'  14"  N.;  Ion.  120°  8'  45"  W 

Camp  Bowie,  Arizona.     See  Apache  Pass. 

Camp  Branch,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  Mo.     P.  1258. 

Camp  Branch,  a  station  in  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Camp  Branch,  township,  Warren  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  901. 

Camp  Brown,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Sweet- 
water CO.,  Wyoming,  near  Fremont's  Peak,  150  miles  N.  of 
Green  River  Railroad  Station.     Lat.  43°  N. ;  Ion.  109°  W. 

Camp  Call,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Camp  Chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Columbus  &  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Co- 
lumbus. 

Camp  Clarke,  a  post-office  of  Cheyenne  co..  Neb. 

Camp  Colorado,  kol-o-rah'do,  a  post-village  of  Cole- 
man CO.,  Tex.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Colorado  River,  about 
150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Camp  Creek,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  & 
Keokuk  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Camp  Creek,  township,  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.   P.  1007. 

Camp  Creek,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  743. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 
20  miles  from  Hinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Camp'den,  or  Chip'ping-Canip'den,  a  town  of 
England,  oo.  and  30  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Gloucester. 
Pop.  2013. 

Camp  Den'nison,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  oo 
the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  CincinnatL 


CAM 


774 


CAM 


Camp  Douglas,  dug'las,  a  United  States  reservation 
and  military  post,  3  miles  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  at 
the  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains. 

Camp  Douglas,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Juneau 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  13  miles  N. 
of  Elroy,  and  30  miles  E.  of  Sparta,     Here  are  2  hotels. 

Campeachy,  or  Campeche,  kam-pee'che  (Mex. 
Campeche,  kim-pi'chi),  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Campeachy,  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  90  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Merida.  Lat.  19°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  33'  W.  It  is 
enclosed  by  bastioned  walls,  and  built  of  stone.  Its  houses 
are  generally  good,  public  buildings  tasteful,  and  markets 
well  supplied.  It  has  6  churches,  as  many  convents,  a 
college,  theatre,  and  ship-building  docks.  The  town  de- 
rives its  importance  from  the  export  of  logwood,  termed 
Campeachy-wood,  and  wax.  The  wood  is  cut  especially 
on  the  banks  of  the  Rio  Champoton,  S.  of  the  town ;  and 
the  wax  is  procured  from  the  wild  sting]  ess  bees  which  are 
found  in  the  country.  The  other  products  are  salt,  rice, 
and  sugar  ,•  marble  of  good  quality  is  found.  The  only  im- 
portant manufacture  is  that  of  cigars.  The  harbor  is  capa- 
cious, but  shallow,  and  vessels  drawing  more  than  6  feet  of 
water  must  anchor  3  miles  from  the  shore.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  disadvantage,  vessels  measuring  100  feet  of  keel 
are  built  here.  The  climate  is  healthy  and  agreeable. 
Pop.  18,000. 

Campeachy,  or  Campeche,  a  state  of  Mexico,  in- 
cluding part  of  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan.  It  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Campeachy,  N.  by  the  state  of  Yucatan, 
tnd  S.  by  Guatemala.  Area,  25,827  square  miles.  There 
are  many  ruined  Indian  towns  in  this  state,  which  is  at 
present  scantily  peopled.  Chief  products,  logwood  and 
wax.     Capital,  Campeachy.     Pop.  about  95,000. 

Campeachy  Bay.    See  Gulp  of  Campeacht. 

Campegine,  kim-pi'je-ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia, 
8  miles  W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  3351. 

Cam^pel'lo,  a  post  village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Brocton  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  21^  tniles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  grammar-school, 
and  extensive  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Camperduin,  k^m^p^r-doin',  or  Kamp  (sometimes 
written,  in  English,  Cam^perdown')  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Amster- 
dam, on  the  North  Sea,  celebrated  for  Admiral  Duncan's 
victory.  The  name  Camperduin  properly  designates  the 
extensive  downs  or  dunes  near  Kamp. 

Camperiacum,  the  Latin  for  Chambbry. 

Camp  Gas'ton,  a  military  post  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal., 
is  on  an  Indian  reservation. 

Camp'gaw,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 

Camp  Grant  (Fort  Grant  Post-Office),  a  military  post 
of  Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Graham,  110 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tucson. 

Camp  Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
about  31  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Eureka. 

Camp  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  111.,  6  miles 
from  Castleton  Railroad  Station.     It  "has  2  churches. 

Camp  Ha'german  (station,  Hageman),  a  po^t-village 
of  Warren  co.,  0.,  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lebanon. 

Camp  Hal'leck,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Elko  CO.,  Nevada,  12  miles  S.  of  Halleck  Station  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop.  160. 

Camp  Han'cock,  a  United  States  military  post  at 
Edwinton,  near  Bismarck,  N.D. 

Camp  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Savannah  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Ope- 
lika.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Camp  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Pennsborough  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg, 
and  i  mile  from  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  (White- 
ball  Station).  It  has  a  soldiers'  orphan  school,  several 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  axles  and  carriages.  Pop. 
about  5U0. 

Camp  Huachuca,  wa,-choo'ki,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
chise CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Huachuca  Moun- 
tain, about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Tombstone. 

Camp  Hualapai,  hoS-il-i-pi',  or  hwil-i-pi',  a  post- 
office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Campi,  kam'pee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  4990. 

Campi,  a  town  and  commune  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Florence.  It  has  a  fine  old  castle,  and  manufactures  of 
straw  goods.     Pop.  11,642. 

Campiglia,  kim-peel'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  33  miles 
N.W.  of  Grosseto,  with  a  fine  church  of  marble.    Pop.  61 43. 


Campillo  de  Altobuey,  kim-peel'yo  di  &l-to-boo-4' 
a  town  of  Spain,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2800. 

Campillo  de  Arenas,  kim-peel'yo  di  i-ri'nis.  % 
town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1600. 

Campillos,  kim-peel'yoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  milei 
N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  5700. 

Campina,  or  Kimpina,  kim-pee'nJ,  a  town  of  Ron- 
mania,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Ploesti.  It  has  important  petro> 
leum-wells,  and  near  it  are  salt-works.     Pop.  3065. 

Campina  Grande,  k4m-pee'n4  grin'di,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  80  miles  W.  of  Parahyba.    Pop.,  with  district,  5000, 

Campinas,  k3,m-pee'n&s,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  a  sugar- 
growing  district,  50  miles  N.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  6400. 

Campine,  kim^peen'  (Dutch,  Kempen,  kflm'p^n,  or 
Kempenland,  k'5m'p§n-lint^),  an  extensive  sandy  tract, 
forming  part  of  the  provinces  of  Antwerp,  Limbourg,  and 
Brabant,  in  Belgium,  and  continued  into  the  Netherlands. 
It  has  of  late  been  largely  reclaimed. 

Camp'ing  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  into  Saluda 
River  in  Lexington  co. 

Campio  Formio,  kim'pe-o  foR'me-o,  or  Campo 
Formido,  kftm'po  foR-mee'do,  a  market  town  of  Italy, 
in  Friuli,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Venice,  on  the  Canal  of  Roja. 
It  is  famous  for  the  peace  concluded  here  in  1797  between 
Austria  and  France.     Pop.  2086. 

Camp  Knox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Ky.,  33  miles 
S.W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Camp  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Kenosha  co.,  Wis., 
about  22  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Kenosha. 

Campli,  kim'plee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  5 
miles  N.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  7771. 

Camplong,  k6M^pl6N<>',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Hgrault,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  B6darieux.     Pop.  1340. 

Camp  Lowell,  lo'^l,  a  United  States  military  post  in 
Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Tucson. 

Camp  McDer'mitt,  a  post-office  and  United  States 
post  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nevada,  80  miles  N.  of  Winnemucoa. 

Camp  McDow'ell,  a  military  post  on  the  Verde 
River,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Phoenix,  Arizona. 

Camp  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga. 

Camp  Mojave,  mo-h&v',  a  United  States  military  post 
in  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  on  Colorado  River,  at  Beale's  Cross- 
ing.    Lat.  35°  6'  N.;  Ion.  114°  31'  W. 

Camp  Nel'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Kentucky  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Nicholasville.  This  place 
was  an  important  United  States  military  depot  1862-65. 

Campo,  kim'po,  a  village  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Elba,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Porto  Ferrajo.     Pop.  1700. 

Campo,  kim'po,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  2239. 

Campo,  kim'po,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Campobasso,  kim-po-bis'so,  a  city  of  Italy,  capita* 
of  a  province,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  14,090.  It 
has  considerable  trade,  and  manufactures  cutlery  and  arms. 

Campobasso,  called  also  Molise,  mo-lee'sA,  and 
Sannio,  s4n'ne-o  (anc.  Sam'nmm),  a  province  of  Italy, 
compartimento  of  Abruzzi  and  Molise.  Area,  1778  square 
miles.  It  is  broken  by  ridges  of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  in 
1891,  376,191.    Capital,  Campobasso. 

Cam'po  Bel'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co., 
S.C,  in  Campo  Bello  township,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Ashe- 
ville  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2951. 

Cam'po  Bel'lo,  an  island  8  miles  long,  belonging  to 
New  Brunswick,  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  at  the  entrance  of 
Passamaquoddy  Bay.  Between  the  main  ship-channel  and 
the  northern  entrance  into  Head  Harbor  is  a  fixed  light,  60 
feet  above  high-water  mark.  Lat.  44°  57'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  66* 
54'  10"  W.     Pop.  1073. 

Campo  Bello,  or  Welsh  Pool,  a  port  of  entry  of 
New  Brunswick,  on  Campo  Bello  Island,  opposite  Eastport 
and  Lubec,  Me.  A  good  trade  is  done  here  in  smoked  fish. 
It  is  a  favorite  resort  of  tourists.     Pop.  500. 

Campobello,  kim-po-bSl'lo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province 
of  Trapani,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mazzara.     Pop.  5575. 

Campobello  di  Licata,  kim-po-bSrio  dee  lee-ki'ti, 
a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Girgenti,  15  miles  N.  of  Ali- 
cata,  with  sulphur-mines.     Pop.  6301. 

Campo  Bianco,  kim'po  be-S,n'ko,  a  mountain  in  the 
island  of  Lipari,  formed  of  volcanic  scoriae  and  pumice- 
stone. 

Campo  de  Criptana,  kim'po  di  kreep-ti'ni,  a  town 
of  Spain,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  6100.  It  hal 
manufactures  of  coarse  cloths,  and  trade  in  grain  and  fmiti 

Campo  di  San  Pietro,  Austria.     See  Feldkirch 

Campodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Kempten. 


CAM 


775 


CAN 


JS.  0 


Campo  Formio  (or  Formido).  Seo  Caupio  Forhio. 

Campo  Freddo,  k&ra'po  frdd'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
vince  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3387. 

Campo  Grande,  k&m'po  grlin'dk,  a  village  of  Portu- 
gal, near  and  N.  of  Lisbon,  with  numerous  villas.    P.  1500. 

Campo  LargO)  k&m'po  laR'go,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Bahia,  on  the  Uio  Grande,  70  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
the  Sao  Francisco.     Pop.  3000. 

Campolieto,  kim-po-le-i'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2274. 

Campo  Mayor,  kim'po  mi-oR'  (i.e.,  "great  plain"),  a 
fortified  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Elvas.     Pop.  5162. 

Campo  Mayor,  kim-po  ml-on',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Piauhy,  145  miles  N.E.  of  Oeiras.     Pop.  5400. 

Campo  Mayor  de  Quixeramobim,  k&m'po  mi-oR' 
d&  ke-shi-r4-mo-beeN»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Ceard, 
185  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fortaleza.     Pop.,  with  district,  8000. 

Campo  Reale,  kim'po  ri-i'li,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince of  Trapani,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Alcamo.     Pop.  3849. 

Campos,  kim'poce,  or  Campos  dos  Goitacazes, 
kim'poce  doee  go-e-t4-kS,'s5f<,  formerly  Sfto  Salvador 
dos  Campos,  s6wn»  sil-vi-doR'  doee  kim'poce,  a  city 
of  Brazil,  state  and  155  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on 
the  Parahiba  do  Sul,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.  The 
city  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  fertile  plains,  which  pro- 
duce an  abundance  of  sugar-cane,  yielding  the  best  sugar 
grown  in  Brazil.  Small  steamboats  ascend  the  river  to 
Campos.     Pop.  40,000. 

Campos,  kim'poce,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  4129. 

Campo  San  Fietro,  kim'po  sin  pe-i'tro,  or  Campo 
Sampiero,  kim'po  sim-pe-i'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
N.  of  Padua.     Pop.  3315. 

Camposanto,  kim-po-sin'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
of  Modena,  on  the  Panaro,  S.W.  of  Finale.  Pop.  3204. 
ampo  Seco,  kim'po  si'ko,  a  post-village  and  town- 
Bhip  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Mokel- 
umne  River,  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  and 
wpper  are  found  here.  The  growth  of  this  village  has  been 
retarded  by  scarcity  of  water.     Pop.  of  the  township,  960. 

Camp  Parole,  pa-rol',  a  station  in  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  on  the  "Annapolis  &  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  2^  miles  from 
Annapolis. 

Camp  Point,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Camp 
Point  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Wabash  Railroad,  21  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  the  Maple- 
wood  High  School,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post- 
oflBce,  2  large  flouring-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  1150. 

Camp  Polk,  pok,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  Cascade  Range,  lOO  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Camp  Release,  re-leece',  a  post-township  of  Lac  qui 
Parle  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  256. 

Camp  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Williamsburg 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Kings- 
tree.     Here  is  a  church. 

Camp  Rob'inson,  a  post-office  and  military  camp  of 
Nebraska,  at  Red  Cloud  Indian  Agency,  70  miles  N.E.  of 
Port  Laramie. 

Camprodon,  kim-pro-don',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  1239. 

Camp  San  Sa'ba,  a  post-office  of  McCuUooh  co.,  Tex. 
_  Camp  Sher'idan,  a  post-office  of  Nebraska. 
^^kCamp'sie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  a  railway,  co.  and 
iB  miles  S.W.  of  Stirling. 

■Camp'sie-Fells',  Scotland,  a  range  of  hills  N.  of 
■e  above  village,  rising  to  a  height  of  1500  feet. 
^^Camp  Smith,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Camp  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
20  miles  from  Hillsborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Camp  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Camp  Stambaugh,  stam'baw,  a  post-office  and  mili- 
tary post  of  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  3  miles  from  Atlan- 
tic City,  and  about  105  miles  from  Bryan  Railroad  Station. 
Lat.  42°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  W. 

Camp  Stock'ton,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Pecos  CO.,  Tex.,  150  miles  from  Presidio  del  Norte.  Here 
are  several  stores.     Lat.  30°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  102°  35'  W. 

Camp  Sup^ply',  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  91  miles  S.  of  Dodge 
City,  Kansas. 

Camp  Thom'as,  a  post-office  and  military  station  of 
Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  Gila. 

Campti,  kamp't§,  a  post- village  of  Natchitoches  parish. 
La.,  on  Red  River,  100  miles  below  Shreveport.  It  has  3 
eburches. 


Camp'ton,  a  post-township  of  Kane  co..  111.,  about  41 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.     Pop.  957. 

Campton,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  aboat  20 

miles  N.E.  of  Independence. 

Campton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky 
about  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  a  distillery,  and  an  academy. 

Campton,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Plymouth,  is  intersected  by  the  Pemigewasset 
River.  It  contains  a  post-village  named  Campton  Village, 
also  several  summer  boarding-houses.  It  is  a  favorite  rescrt 
for  artists,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  1226. 

Campton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Spartanburg. 

Campton  Village,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Graflon 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Campton  township,  on  the  Pemigewasset  River, 
about  9  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  several  summer  boarding-houses. 

Camp'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  several  stores.  Gold  is  found 
here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Camp'town,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Wyalusing  Creek,  6  miles  from  Wyalusing  Station,  and 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church,  several 
mills,  an  academy,  3  stores,  and  about  40  houses. 

Campuan  Reritigba,  Brazil.    See  Cabapuana. 

CampH-IiUngu,  Roumania.     See  Kimpolung. 

Campus  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  Camajore. 

Campus  Munitus,  an  ancient  name  of  Chauoum. 

Campus  Stellae.    See  Santiago  de  Compostela. 

Campveer,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Veer. 

Camp  Verde,  vjR'di,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Yavapai  co.,  Arizona,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Prescott.  Lat.  34" 
37' N.;  Ion.  111°  54'  W. 

Camp'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Naugatuck  River,  and  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Waterbury.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Campville,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  M'aldo,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Gaines- 
ville. It  has  several  church  organizations,  a  saw-mill,  a 
brick-yard,  and  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Pop.  100. 

Campville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  E. 
of  Owego.     It  has  a  church. 

Camro'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Floyd  township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches. 

Camroop,  or  Kamrup,  kim^roop',  a  district  of 
Assam,  in  British  India,  traversed  by  the  Brahmapootra. 
Area,  3631  square  miles;  but  the  name  was  formerly  ap- 
plied to  a  much  larger  region,  including  a  part  of  Bengal. 
Camroop  is  a  flat  and  fertile  country.  Capital,  Gowhaity. 
Pop.  561,681. 

Cain^sing^moon',  a  seaport  of  China,  province  of  Can- 
ton, half-way  between  Macao  and  Boca  Tigris,  on  the  island 
of  Keeow,  35  -miles  N.  of  Hong-Kong.  Lat.  22°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  113°  40'  E.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Camtoos,  kim-toce'  or  kam-toos',  or  GamUoos', 
a  river  of  Southern  Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  rises  in  the 
Nieuwveld  Mountains,  and  enters  the  sea  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Uitenhage.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Camurano,  ki-moo-ri'no,  a  village  of  Central  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  5  miles  S.  of  Ancona. 

Camuscia,  ki-moo'shi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
province  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Arezzo. 

Cana,  ki'na  (Arab.  Cana-el-Jelil,  ki'ni-el-jel-eel'),  a 
ruined  town  of  Palestine,  supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  the 
miracle  recorded  in  John,  on  a  declivity,  6  miles  N.  of  Naz- 
areth, and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Acre.  Another  village,  Kefr 
Kenna,  has  also  been  supposed  to  be  the  Cana  of  the  New 
Testament.     It  is  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Nazareth. 

Cana,  a  village  of  Palestine,  pashalio  of  Acre,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Tyre,  and  probably  the  Kanah  of  Joshua  xix.  28. 

Cana,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Canamina. 

Ca'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  oo.,  Cal.,  in  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  Oregon 
division,  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison. 

Cana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  25  miles  N.  of 
Salisbury.     It  has  a  church. 

Canaan,  ki'nan  or  ki'na-an,  a  name  applied  in  Scrip- 
ture to  the  Promised  Land  of  the  Israelites.   See  Palestihe. 

Canaan,  ka'nan,  a  township  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonic  River  and  Railroad.  It  contains  Falla  Vil- 
lage, Huntsville,  and  South  Canaan.     Pop.  1257. 


CAN 


776 


CAN 


Canaan,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  North 
Canaan  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  and  on  the  Con- 
necticut Western  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Housatonic 
Railroad,  73  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport,  and  55  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  a  savings-bank  and  a  newspaper  office. 
The  township  has  4  churches,  3  furnaces  for  pig-iron,  a 
quarry  of  white  marble,  and  6  lime-kilns. 

Canaan,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Shelby 
township,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  cigar-factory,  and  22  dwellings. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  928. 

Canaan,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  in  Canaan 
township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1472. 

Canaan,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Miss. 

Canaan,  a  post-township,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.     P.  1107. 

Canaan,  a  post- village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Canaan 
township,  2  miles  from  Canaan  Station  on  the  Northern 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  and  a  graded  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  shirts,  and 
overallB,     Pop.  500.     See  also  East  Canaan. 

Canaan,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson,  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  & 
Albany  Railroad.  It  contains  a  post-village  named  Canaan 
Four  Corners,  a  Shaker  community,  and  a  hamlet  named 
Canaan  Centre.     Pop.  1702. 

Canaan,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.  See  Canaan  Four  Corners. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Athens  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1543.  See 
Canaanville. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  729.  It 
contains  Amity. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  1109. 

Canaan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan 
township,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  churches.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Burbank,  which  is  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad,  also  11  churches.     Total  pop.  1997. 

Canaan,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hollidays- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
HoUidaysburg. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  9  miles 
W.  of  Honesdale.  Pop.  680.  It  contains  the  post-borough 
of  Waymart. 

Canaan,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  forming  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  the  state.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Connecticut  River.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Canaan, 
which  has  2  churches  and  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  419. 

Canaan  Centre,  a  ^ost-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Canaan  township,  near  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Canaan  Four  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Canaan  township,  on  the  Boston  <fc  Albany 
Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
carriage-factories.  The  station  at  this  place  is  called  Canaan. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Canaan  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
in  North  Canaan  township,  2i  miles  from  East  Canaan  Rail- 
road Station.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  mill. 

Canaanville,  ka'nan-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co., 
0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of 
Athens.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Canada  (kan'a-da),  Dominion  of,  a  federal  union  of 
provinces  and  territories,  comprising  all  the  British  posses- 
sions in  North  America,  except  Newfoundland,  the  West 
India  Colonies,  and  Balize.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  Davis's  Strait,  and  Baffin's  Bay ;  W,  by  Alaska  and 
the  Pacific  Ocean  ;  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean  ;  and  S.,  S.E.,  and 
S.W.  by  the  United  States.     Its  divisions  are  as  follows : 


Divisions. 


British  Columbia 

Manitoba 

New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia 

Ontario 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Quebec ,, 

Territories  and  Districts,  iucluding  Al- 
berta, As8inibui»,  Athabaska,  Kee- 
watin,  Saskatchewan,  the  Northwest 
Territories  and  others,  the  Islands,  &c. 


Total 3,456,383     4,833,239 


Area 
in  sq.  m. 


383,300 
73,956 
28,200 
20,600 

222,000 
2,000 

228,900 

2,497,427 


Pop.  in 

1891. 


98,173 
152,506 
321,263 
450,396 
,114,321 
109,078 
,488,535 

98,967 


Face  of  the  Country. — The  Appalachian  chain  is  con- 
tinued northeastward  along  the  Atlantic  coast,  under  vari- 
ous names,  the  Notre  Dame  Mountains  of  Southeastern 


Quebec  being  a  direct  extension  of  the  Green  and  White 
Mountain  systems  of  New  England.  The  Cobequid  Ran^c 
in  Nova  Scotia  is  an  outlying  parallel  range  to  the  S.E. 
North  of  the  St.  Lawrence  occur  the  mountains  called  Lau- 
rentides,  extending  irregularly  from  the  W.  extremity  of 
Lake  Superior  to  the  coast  of  Labrador,  and  indefinitely 
northward,  probably  reaching  t'.ie  Arctic  at  several  points. 
These  mountains  and  hills  have  a  forbidding  climate  and  a 
scanty  soil,  but  some  parts  produce  good  timber.  S.  of  the 
St.  Lawrence  they  are  represented  by  the  Adirondaoks. 
They  are  of  extremely  ancient  geologic  ages,  being  of  Lau- 
rentian  and  Huronian  formation.  The  immediate  valley 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  lakes,  westward  to  Georgian 
Bay,  is  generally  of  highly  fertile  character.  To  the  W. 
of  Hudson's  Bay  extensive  "  barren  grounds"  occur,  while 
the  East  Main  or  Labrador  peninsula  is  reported  to  have  a 
climate  more  severe  than  that  of  Greenland,  and  a  soil 
scarcely  arable  at  any  point.  The  province  of  Manitoba, 
with  most  of  the  North-West  Territories,  lies  within  that 
great  plain  which  is  the  northward  extension  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi valley.  Though  generally  exposed  to  the  fury  of 
Arctic  winds,  this  region  has  a  climate  much  milder  than 
might  be  expected.  The  elevation  is  much  less  than  that 
of  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley,  and  the  soils  are  calcareous, 
deep,  and  friable.  Wheat  produces  abundantly  as  far  N. 
as  lat.  60°,  the  climate  to  the  northwestward  appearing  to 
undergo  a  remarkable  amelioration.  The  Rocky  Mountain 
region  is  almost  entirely  within  the  limits  of  British  Colum- 
bia,— a  province  whose  climate,  on  the  seaboard  and  in  the 
valleys,  is  singularly  mild.  The  great  rivers  of  Canada  are 
the  St.  Lawrence,  flowing  to  the  Atlantic ;  the  Saskatchewan, 
to  Hudson's  Bay;  the  Mackenzie,  to  the  Arctic;  and  the 
Fraaer  River,  to  the  Pacific.  The  rivers  Yukon  and  Colum- 
bia also  rise  in  Canadian  territory.  The  mineral  wealth  of 
Canada  is  great.  Gold  has  been  largely  mined  in  British 
Columbia,  and  to  some  extent  in  Nova  Scotia  and  else- 
where in  Canada.  Nova  Scotia  affords  excellent  bituminous 
coal.  The  Vancouver's  Island  coal  is  a  lignite  of  good 
quality,  and  Queen  Charlotte's  Island  has  remarkable  beds  of 
tertiary  anthracite.  The  coal-bearing  strata  of  Wyoming 
and  Colorado  are  believed  to  be  continuous  northward 
through  Canada.  Northwestern  Ontario  has  rich  silver- 
bearing  copper  ores.  Other  Canadian  minerals  of  value 
are  gypsum,  rock  salt,  marls,  albertite,  iron  ores  (in  great 
abundance),  phosphatic  rock,  marble,  peat,  and  oil-shales. 
Petroleum  is  obtained  at  several  points  chiefly  in  south- 
western Ontario.  (Further  notices  of  minerals,  climate, 
geology,  and  topography  are  given  under  the  names  of  the 
different  provinces.) 

Productions. — The  vast  extent  of  Canada,  and  the  great 
variety  of  its  soils  and  climate,  cause  much  diversity  in  its 
natural  productions.  The  southeastern  provinces,  with 
Quebec  and  Ontario,  are  by  far  the  best  developed  and  most 
thickly  settled.  They  are  Still  for  the  most  part  densely 
timbered  ;  and  lumber,  with  other  forest  products,  is  one  of 
the  leading  articles  of  export.  The  Pacific  slope  is  also  a 
forest  region  ;  but  its  trees  are  almost  entirelj'  of  species  un- 
known on  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  cultivated  plants  include 
all  or  nearly  all  those  grown  in  the  Northern  United  States. 
Some  regions,  like  Prince  Edward  Island,  are  of  very  marked 
fertility.  Although  the  winter  is  longer  than  in  the  United 
States,  and  spring  and  autumn  shorter,  the  summer,  or 
growing  season  of  plants,  is  in  all  the  settled  portions  long 
enough  for  the  development  of  most  cereals,  including  even 
maize.  Among  the  native  animals  are  thehlack,  white,  and 
grizzly  bears,  deer  of  several  species  (including  the  rein- 
deer, moose,  wapiti,  and  others),  the  buffalo,  musk-ox,  and 
antelope.  The  fur-trade  has  in  the  far  north  one  of  its 
principal  seats.  Among  fur-bearing  animals  are  the  beaver, 
muskrat,  sable,  fisher,  mink, .ermine,  otter,  seal,  and  others. 
The  sea-otter  and  fur-seal  are  taken,  though  sparingly,  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  Hudson's  Bay  and  the  Arctic  abound  in 
whales.  The  white  whale  occurs  in  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
its  estuary.  The  ornithology  of  the  Dominion  is  very  rich. 
Its  fisheries  are  of  the  first  importance,  and  the  catch  in- 
cludes cod,  mackerel,  herring,  salmon,  ling,  trout,  halibut, 
and  other  valuable  species.  The  manufacturing  industry  of 
Canada  is  principally  confined  to  the  provinces  long  since 
settled.  The  sawing  of  lumber,  and  the  manufacture  of 
potash,  flour,  leather,  oils,  fertilizers,  paper,  machinery,  and 
woollen  and  cotton  goods,  are  important  interests ;  and  since 
the  organization  of  the  Dominion  government  other  manu- 
factures have  been  extensively  developed.  Ship-building  is 
largely  carried  on  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New  BrunswicK 
Water-power  is  almost  everywhere  abundant. 

Pnhlic  Works. — Canada  has  an  admirable  system  of  canals, 
navigable  by  vessels  of  large  tonnage,  and  mostly  con- 


CAN 


777 


CAN 


•tructed  at  public  expense.  By  means  of  these,  sea-going 
iressels  can  go  up  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  cities  on  the  great 
»kes  ;  and  the  construction  of  a  few  more  short  and  com- 
■aratively  inexpensive  links  will  connect  this  great  chain 
of  navigable  waters  with  Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  North- 
rest.  The  railway  system  of  Canada  is  extensive,  em- 
bracing (1890)  over  14,000  miles  of  track.  The  main  lin» 
Bf  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  extending  from  Montreal 
to  Vancouver,  is  2906  miles  in  length.  Postal  communi- 
cation is  maintained  in  all  the  inhabited  parts  of  the  Do- 
minion, and  there  is  a  system  of  postal  savings-banks. 
The  commerce  is  extensive.  In  the  tonnage  of  her  ship- 
ping she  excels  all  other  countries  except  Great  Britain, 
[Prance,  and  the  United  States.  The  largest  export  trade 
to  Great  Britain,  and  the  chief  import  trade  is  from  the 
Jnited  States. 

Government. — The  sovereign   of  the   British   empire  is 

epresented  in  Canada  by  a  governor-general,  and  the  Do- 

linion  is  represented  in  London  by  an  agent-general.    The 

uvernor-general  is  assisted  by  a  privy  council,  or  ministry 

Sf  thirteen,  with  the  following  titles :  1,  prime  minister  and 

sinister  of  public  works ;  2,  president  of  the  council ;  3, 

linister  of  justice;  4,  minister  of  militia  and  defence;  5, 

linister  of  customs ;  6,  minister  of  finance ;  7,  minister  of 

aland  revenue ;  8,  minister  of  the  interior ;  9,  minister  of 

aarine  and  fisheries;  10,  postmaster-general;  11,  secretary 

of  state;  12,  minister  of  agriculture;  13,  receiver-general. 

le  chief  magistrates  of  the  provinces  are  called  lieutenant- 

jovernors,   and   are  appointed    by  the  governor-general. 

lach  province  has  its  own  ministry  and  legislature.     The 

~inadian  parliament  consists  of  a  senate  (whose  members 

re  named  by  the  governor-general,  and  who  hold  office  for 

Kfe),  and  of  a  house  of  commons,  whose  members  are  elected 

i)y  the  people  for  terms  of  five  years, — each  province  being 

proportionately  represented  in  either  house.     There  is  no 

itate  church.    The  relative  numerical  strength  of  denomi- 

lations  in  1881  was  as  follows:  Roman  Catholic,  Presby- 

erian,  Anglican,  Methodist,  Baptist,  Lutheran,  Congrega- 

ional,  &c.     Each  province  has  its  own  school  laws  and  its 

i)wn  system  of  jurisprudence, — English  common  law  pre- 

liling,  except  in  Quebec  and  Manitoba,  where  a  code  based 

principally  on  the  civil  or  Franco-Roman  law  is  in  force ; 

»ut  there  are  Dominion  courts  of  appeal.     The  salary  of 

the  governor-general  is  $50,000  per  annum.     The  public 

[debt  in  1890  amounted  to  $286,112,295,  chiefly  incurred 

ifor  public  works.     The  revenue  is  derived  from  customs, 

>xcise,  public  railways,  canals,   postal-   and   bill-stamps, 

I  ke.     The  decimal  money  system  prevails  in  the  Dominion, 

the  dollar  of  Canada  being  of  nearly  the  same  value  as  that 

of  the  United  States.     The  history  of  Canada  is  that  of  its 

Dnstituent  provinces  up  to  1867,  when  the  present  federal 

inion  was  effected.     Manitoba  and  the  North-West  Terri- 

sries  were  admitted  in  1870,  the  Dominion  government 

thaving  purchased  from  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  its 

Iformer  governmental  rights  over  those  regions.     In  1871 

[British  Columbia  entered  the  confederacy,  and  Prince  Ed- 

[•ward  Island  followed  in  1873.     From  part  of  the  North- 

jWest  Territories  have  since  been  formed  the  districts  Kee- 

l^ratin,  Alberta,  Assiniboia,  Athabaska,  and  Saskatchewan. 

The  chief  towns  and  cities  are  Montreal,  Quebec,  Toronto, 

^Halifax,  St.  John,  Hamilton,  Ottawa  (the  capital),  London, 

«nd  Kingston.     Pop.  of  the  Dominion  in  1871,  3,686,639; 

in  1881,  4,324,810;  in  1891,  4,833,239. 

Canada,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.,  Ky. 

Canada,  a  village  of  New  Mexico.     See  La  Canada. 

Canada,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bethany 

township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.     It  has  a  church. 

Canada  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Water- 
ville.  There  is  a  light-house  on  Black  Rook,  at  the  entrance 
to  this  harbor.     Pop.  180. 

Canada  Lake,  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.T.,  is  in  Caroga  town- 
ship, about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gloversville.  It  is  3  miles* 
long.  Here  is  a  large  hotel  amidst  beautiful  scenery. 
Canada  Road,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  oo..  Me. 
Canada  Southern  Junction,  in  Lucas  oo.,  0.,  is 
the  junetion  of  the  Wabash  and  Canada  Southern  Railroads, 
3  miles  from  Toledo. 

Can'adaville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  N.  of  CoUierville.     It  haa  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Canad'away  Creek,  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y.,  flows 
into  Lake  Erie. 

Canaden'sis,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on 
Brodhead's  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Soranton.  It  is 
3  miles  from  Oakland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
m  hotel,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill 

Canaderaga  (kan-a-da-raw'gQ,)  Lake»  New  Tork,  in 
50 


the  N.  part  of  Otsego  co.,  is  between  3  and  4  miles  long,  and 
li  miles  wide.     Its  outlet  joins  that  of  Otaego  Lake. 

Canadian  (ka-n&'de-an)  (or  North)  Channel)  one 
of  the  two  passages  (N.  and  S.)  into  which  the  estuary  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  is  divided  by  the  island  of  Anticosti.  It 
is  about  30  miles  in  breadth,  and  contains  numerous  islands, 
the  principal  of  which  are  the  Mingan  Islands. 

Cana'dian  River  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Mex- 
ico,  runs  eastward  through  the  northwestern  part  of  Texas, 
and  passes  into  the  Indian  Territory.  Its  general  direction 
is  eastward.  It  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  45  miles 
above  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Tahlequah.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  900  miles.  It  is  rather  shallow,  and 
not  important  for  navigation.  Its  largest  affluent  is  the 
Rio  Nutria,  or  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian,  which,  after  a 
course  of  about  600  miles,  enters  the  Canadian  nearly  35 
miles  from  its  mouth.  The  course  of  this  North  Fork  is 
nearly  parallel  with  that  of  the  main  river,  and  is  all  in  the 
Indian  Territory. 

Canadice,  kan^a-dis',  a  post-township  of  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Honeoye  Lake,  and  on  the 
W.  by  Hemlock  Lake.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  832.  Cana- 
dice Post-Office  is  about  30  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

Canadice  Lake,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
is  nearly  3  miles  long.  It  lies  in  a  deep  gorge  2  or  3  miles 
E.  of  Hemlock  Lake. 

Cana-el- Jelil,  the  Arabic  for  Cana. 

Canajoharie,  kan-a-jo-hir'ree,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River, 
on  the  Erie  Canal,  in  Canajoharie  township.  It  is  55  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Albany  by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
which  passes  along  the  other  bank  of  the  river.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  A  bridge  across  the  Mohawk  con- 
nects this  place  with  the  village  of  Palatine  Bridge.  Pop. 
1822 ;  of  the  township,  4248. 

Canal,  ka-nal',  a  post-office  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.,  is  at 
the  village  of  Millersburg. 

Canal,  a  station  in  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Columbia  A 
Port  Deposit  and  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Rail- 
roads, 2  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Deposit. 

Canal,  a  post-township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Franklin,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  French 
Creek.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  980. 

Canala,  or  Kanala,  ki^niUi',  lately  called  Napo- 
16onville,  nfi,^poHi^6NoVeel',  a  town  of  the  French  colony 
of  New  Caledonia,  on  a  fine  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the 
island,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Noumea.     It  has  a  prison. 

Canal  Do'ver,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0., 
in  Dover  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Sugar  Creek,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Cleveland. 
Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Massillon,  and  100  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  is  the  north 
terminus  of  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad, 
and  a  branch  of  the  Cleveland  <fe  Pittsburg  Railroad  extends 
to  this  place.  It  has  6  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  2  banks, 
a  rolling-mill,  2  flouring-mills,  a  boiler-factory,  a  tannery, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1880,  2208;  in  1890,  3470. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Dover. 

Canale,  ki-ni'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     It  has  saline  springs.     Pop.  3091. 

Canales,  ki-ni'lfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Valencia,  at  the  confluence  of  tne  rivers  Canolas  and 
Santos.     Pop.  2604. 

Canal  Fulton,  fSSl'tyn,  a  post- village  of  Stark  co.,  0., 
in  Laii^rence  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the 
Ohio  Canal,  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling 
Railroad,  and  th«  Massillon  <fc  Clinton  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Massillon,  and  about  14  miles  S.  of  Akron.  A 
large  quantity  of  wheat  is  shipped  here.  It  has  8  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
farm-implements,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  1048. 

Canal  Lew'isville,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  in  Tuscarawas  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  2i  milei 
from  Coshocton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Canal  Win'chester,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0., 
at  the  village  of  Winchester.    See  Winchester. 

Canamina,  k&-n&-mee'n&,  or  Ca'na,  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Dahomey,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Abomey.  Pop. 
10,000.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  great  Fetish,  the  holy 
city  of  the  Dahomans.  The  king  has  two  spacious  man- 
sions here,  where  he  assists  in  annual  human  sacrifices. 

Canandaigua,  kan-an-d&'gw^,  a  post-village  of  Len- 
awee CO.,  Mich.,  in  Medina  township,  on  Tiffin  River,  4i 
miles  S.  of  Clayton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  15  niilea 
S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  1  or  2 
steam  saw-mills,  and  a  carriage-shop.    Pop.  abcut  250 


CAN 


778 


CA^ 


Canandaigua,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  On- 
tario CO.,  N.Y.,  is  situated  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
at  the  northern  end  and  outlet  of  Canandaigua  Lake,  and 
on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
which  connects  here  with  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Rochester,  222  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Albany, 
and  69  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  is  also  the  east  terminus 
of  the  Batavia  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 
The  site  is  elevated,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the 
lake,  which  is  navigated  by  steamboats.  Here  are  many 
handsome  residences,  with  gardens  and  ornamental  grounds, 
Canandaigua  contains  a  fine  court-house^  6  churches,  the 
Canandaigua  Academy,  a  female  seminary,  a  union  school, 
a  national  bank,  several  other  banks,  a  hospital  for  the  in- 
sane, the  Ontario  Orphan  Asylum,  a  Catholic  orphanage,  a 
brewery,  a  spoke-factory,  a  tin-factory,  <fcc.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5868. 

Canandaigua  Lake,  New  York,  is  mostly  in  On- 
tario CO.,  and  forms  part  of  the  western  boundary  of  Yates 
00.  It  is  about  15  miles  long,  extending  in  a  nearly  N. 
and  S.  direction.  The  greatest  breadth  is  about  2  miles. 
The  shores  of  this  lake  present  beautiful  scenery.  It  occu- 
pies a  valley  of  erosion  excavated  in  rooks  of  the  Hamilton 
and  Portage  groups.  The  surface  of  the  water  is  668  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  From  its  north  end  issues  the 
Canandaigua  Outlet,  which  runs  northeastward  to  Lyons, 
in  Wayne  oo.,  where  it  unites  with  Mud  Creek  to  form 
the  Clyde  River.     Good  fish  are  found  in  the  lake. 

Cananea,  k&-ni-ni'&,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Sao  Paulo,  on  a  small  island  in  a  bay  of  its  own  name. 
Lat.  25°  S.     Pop.  2000,  suburbs  included. 

Cananore,  kin-a-nor'  (anc.  Canura),  a  seaport  town 
on  the  Malabar  coast  of  India,  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay, 
63  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calicut.  It  has,  with  its  suburbs,  about 
11,000  houses,  and  is  the  capital  of  a  territory  comprising 
most  of  the  Laccadive  Islands  and  now  under  British  au- 
thority. It  has  an  active  trade:  imports,  horses,  piece 
goods,  almonds,  sugar,  opium,  silk,  benzoin,  and  camphor; 
exports,  pepper,  cardamoms,  sandal-wood,  coir,  and  shark- 
fins.     Pop.  31,070. 

Canara,  or  Kanara,  districts  of  India.  See  North 
Canara  and  South  Canara. 

Ca^nard',  or  Lower  Canard,  a  post-village  in  Kings 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Canard  River,  4  miles 
from  Port  Williams  Station.     Pop.  300. 

Canaries,  ka-n^'rdz,  or  Canary  Islands  (Sp.  Ca- 
nariaa,  k&-n4're-is;  Fr.  Ilea  Canaries,  eal  k&^n&^ree' ;  Ger. 
Kanarische  Inseln,  ki-ni'rish-§h  in'sjln ;  anc.  Fortuna'tse 
In' suite,  i.e.,  "  Happy  Islands"),  an  archipelago  in  the  North 
Atlantic  Ocean,  about  60  miles  from  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
between  lat.  27°  40'  and  29°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  13°  25'  and  18° 
16'  W.  They  consist  of  7  principal  islands  and  many  islets, 
arranged  in  the  following  order  from  E.  to  W :  Lanzarote 
and  Fuerteventura,  with  the  islets  of  Graciosa,  Santa  Clara, 
Allegranza,  and  Lobos;  Gran  Canaria,  Teneriff"e,  Gomera, 
Palma,  and  Ferro.  Area  of  the  whole,  2980  English  square 
miles.  The  coasts  of  these  islands  are  rocky  and  abrupt, 
and  they  are  covered  with  mountains,  some  of  which  attain 
a  great  elevation,  the  Pico  de  Teyde  in  Teneriflfe  being 
12,182  feet.  Their  geological  formation  is  most  singular 
and  interesting :  it  consists  of  a  continuous  series  of  vol- 
canic mountains,  which  rise  in  a  circular  form  from  the 
coast  around  a  principal  crater,  which  serves  as  an  axis. 
The  surface  presents  a  succession  of  mountains  and  plains, 
extinct  craters  and  fertile  valleys.  There  are  no  rivers, 
but  numerous  torre&ts.  The  tropical  heat  is  moderated  by 
the  sea-breezes,  and  the  climate  is  equable.  Winter  is  almost 
unknown.  In  October,  the  warmest  month,  the  tempera- 
ture varies  from  78°  to  87°  Fahrenheit;  and  in  January, 
the  coldest,  it  is  from  60°  to  66°  Fahrenheit,  near  the  sea, 
decreasing  with  the  elevation.  The  rainy  season  com- 
mences in  November  and  continues  till  February ;  during 
the  dry  season,  from  April  to  October,  the  weather  is  uni- 
formly fine,  and  the  trade-winds  blow  steadily.  E.  and  S.E. 
winds  are  the  scourge  of  these  islands :  blowing  over  the 
burning  plains  of  Africa,  they  carry  a  hot  and  extremely 
dry  air,  which  destroys  vegetation  and  induces  disease.  In 
1704  the  Canaries  suffered  severely  from  this  cause.  Fresh 
water  is  scarce,  especially  in  the  S.  parts  of  the  islands. 
The  vegetation  of  these  islands  is  not  less  interesting  than 
their  geological  formation.  The  productions  are  cochi- 
neal, oil,  grain,  archil,  barilla,  silk,  wine,  raisins,  potatoes, 
sugar-cane,  and  fruits,  and  the  surrounding  seas  abound 
in  fish.  The  principal  foreign  trade  is  carried  on  with  the 
United  States,  England,  and  Hamburg,  and  there  is  much 
commerce  between  the  difi"erent  islands.  Wine  was  for- 
merljT  one  of  the  chief  products,  but,  a  fatal  disease  having 


attacked  the  vines,  comparatively  few  grapes  are  now  raised. 
The  goat  is  among  the  most  valuable  animals ;  all  the  domestio 
animals  of  Europe  are  naturalized.  The  camel  and  the  ass 
are  used  as  beasts  of  burden.  Among  birds  are  the  vulture, 
bustard,  pheasant,  wood-pigeon,  red  partridge,  and  thistle- 
finch  or  canary-bird.  The  inhabitants  are  of  European 
origin,  mostly  Spanish ;  but  many  of  the  people  claim  partial 
descent  from  the  Guanches,  the  old  native  race.  Pop.  in 
1884,  304,326.  Since  1493  these  islands  have  belonged  to 
Spain.  The  capital  of  the  whole  archipelago  is  Santa  Cruz 
de  TenerifFe. Inhab.  Canarian,  ka-ni're-an. 

Canar'sie,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Kings 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Flatlands  township,  on  Jamaica  Bay,  3i  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  East  New  York,  and  about  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  hotels.  Boats 
are  built  here. 

Canas,  k&'n&s%  a  province  of  Peru,  in  the  department 
of  Cuzco. 

Canaseraga,  kan-^-sa-raw'g^,  a  post-village  of  Al- 
leghany CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Burns  township,  on  Canaseraga  Creek, 
and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  a  planing-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  a  manufactory  of  bee-hives,  Ac.     Pop.  about  900. 

Canaseraga,  a  village  of  Sullivan  township,  Madison 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of 
Chittenango.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  store,  a  hotel,  a  church, 
and  25  dwellings.     Pop.  150. 

Canaseraga  Creek,  New  York,  drains  parts  of  Alle- 
ghany and  Steuben  cos.,  runs  nearly  northward,  and  enters 
the  Genesee  in  Livingston  co.,  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Geneseo. 

Canasto'ta,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Utica,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Cazenovia  and  Canastota  Kail- 
road.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  optical  and  astronomical 
instruments  and  pocket  cutlery,  and  2  carriage-shops.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  about  200U. 

Canastota  Creek,  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  runs  northwest* 
ward,  and  enters  Oneida  Lake. 

Cauastra,  k&-nd,s'tr&,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Minas-Geraes,  stretching  S.E.  from  the  S.  ter- 
mination of  the  Serra  Matto  Gordo,  which  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Goj'az  and  Minas-Geraes. 

Canatix,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Felaniche. 

Caftavaral  de  Alconeta,  k^n-y&-v&-r&l'  dk  9.1-ko- 
ni'ti,  a  vilhige  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  23  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2207. 

Cana  Verde,  ki'ni  vjR'dS,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  12  miles  from  Tamandua.     Pop.  3000. 

Canavezes,  ki-ni-vi'z&,  a  town  of  Portugal.  provinc« 
of  Minho,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Penafiel.     Pop.  1500. 

Canawan'gus,  more  correctly  Canawau'gus,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley 
Canal,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  and  IJ  miles  from 
Avon  Station.     It  has  2  large  warehouses  for  grain. 

Can'borough,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  On- 
tario, 35  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  200, 

Can'by,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal. 

Canby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  S.  of 
Casey  Railroad  Station. 

Canby,  a  post-oflBce  of  Owen  co.,  K^. 

Canby,  a  post- village  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn.,  11 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  the  South  Dakota  line.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.  The  manu- 
facture of  flour  and  flax-raising  are  carried  on.     Pop.  470. 

Canby,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Oregon  City. 
It  has  a  ohorch,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  Ac. 

Canby,  a  post-oflSce  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  from 
Bloomsburg. 

Cancale,  k5N«'kir,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
lUe-et-Vilaine,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Malo.  Good  anchorage  is  found  between  it  and  some 
rocks  off  the  shore,  from  which  oysters  are  fished.    Pop.  381 4. 

Cancao,  kin^kSw',  Kang-Kao,  king'-kow',  or  Ha- 
Tian,  hi' -tee-in',  called  also  Potai-mat  and  Pon- 
thiamns,  a  seaport  town  of  French  Cochin  China,  on  a 
river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  Lat.  10°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  105°  E.  It  has  an  active  commerce  in  timber  and  iron. 

Cancellara,  kin-chftl-li'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3107. 

Canchipura,  the  ancient  name  of  Conjkveram. 

Cancoupa,  kin-koo'pg,,  a  town  of  India,  Mysore  do- 
minions, 24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chitteldroog. 

Cancun,  kin-koon',  an  island  of  Yucatan,  near  tht 
mouth  of  the  BuUina,  is  about  8  miles  long  by  1^  broad. 


I 


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Candahar,  or  Kandahar,  kinM4-haR',  called  by  the 
Afghans  Ahmed- Shahee  (Ahmed  Shahi),  ih'mM'- 
Bhi'Uee\  a  fortified  city  and  the  capital  of  Central  Afghan- 
istan, in  a  fertile  plain,  3484:  feet  above  the  sea,  200  miles 
S.W.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  32°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  20'  E.  Pop. 
variously  stated  at  from  25,000  to  100,000,  mostly  Afghans, 
but  including  many  Persians,  Oozbeks,  Beloochees,  Jews, 
and  Hindoos.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  33  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  by  a  ditch ;  and  it  has  a  citadel  on  its  N.  side. 
Two  principal  streets,  about  50  yards  broad,  and  lined  with 
shops,  traverse  the  interior  in  opposite  directions,  intersect- 
ing at  its  centre.  Houses  mostly  of  wood,  with  domed  or  flat 
roofs ;  thoroughfares  filthy,  though  the  place  is  well  sup- 
plied with  water  from  canals  and  wells.  Various  manufac- 
tures are  carried  on  in  Candahar,  and  its  transit  trade  is 
considerable.  Its  vicinity  is  well  watered  by  canals,  and 
produces  the  finest  fruits,  with  com,  tobacco,  madder,  Ac. 
Candahar  is  supposed  to  have  been  originally  founded  by 
Alexander  the  Great.  It  was  taken  by  Tamerlane  in  1384, 
•nd  by  Shah  Abbas  of  Persia  in  1620. 

Candeas,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Jamari. 

Candeish,  or  Khandeisb,  k&n-d^h',  a  district  of 
British  India,  Bombay  presidency,  about  lat.  20°  10'-21<' 
68'  N.,  Ion.  73°  37'-76°  20'  E.  Area,  9311  square  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Nerbudda  and  the  Taptee.  Chief 
town,  Dhoolia.     Pop.  778,112. 

Candela,  k&n-d&'ld,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  22 
miles  S.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  6090. 

Candela,  k&n-d&'l&,  a  village  of  Mexico,  53  miles  S.E. 
of  Coahuila. 

Candela'ria,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada, 
about  44  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hawthorne.  It  has  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  mining-industries. 
Pop.  600. 

Candelaria,  kin-di-li're-4,  a  rocky  islet  and  reefs  in 
the  Pacific,  Solomon  group.     Lat.  6°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  159°  20'  E. 

Candelaria,  k&n-d4-14're-4,  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  W.  of  Choco  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Atrato.     Lat.  8°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  W. 

Candelaria,  kin-di-li're-i,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  of  Corrientes,  on  the  Paran£,  nearly 
opposite  Itapua  (in  Paraguay). 

Candelaria,  k3,n-d4-l4're-4,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Ca- 
naries, on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  TenerifFe. 

Candelauo,  k&n-di-Wre-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
40  miles  S.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  2329. 

Candelaro,  kin-di-l4'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Mount 
Liburno,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  40  miles,  enters 
the  Adriatic  3  miles  S.  of  Manfredonia. 

Candeleda,  k3,n-d4-14'DS.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, 42  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Avila,  at  the  point  of  junction 
with  New  Castile  and  Estremadura.     Pop.  5000. 

Candelo,  kin-di'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  3i  miles  S.E.  of 
Biella,  on  the  Cervo.     Pop.  2606. 

Candes,  kftNd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  7i 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Chinon,  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  630. 

Caudhar,  k&nMar',  or  Gundhara,  gun-d'h3,'r4,  a 
town  of  India,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Candhar,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  dominion,  69  miles 
N.  of  Beeder. 

Candia,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea.    See  Crete. 

Candia,  k4n'de-4,  or  Megalo-Kastron,  meg^4-lo'- 
kis'tron,  sometimes  written  Megalo  -  Kastro  (anc. 
Ma'tium),  the  largest  city  of  Crete,  near  the  centre  of  its  N. 
coast.  Lat.  35°  21'  N.;  Ion.  25°  8'  9"  E.  Pop.  15,000, 
nearly  all  Mohammedans.  Its  massive  fortifications,  de- 
cayed docks,  arsenal,  arched  vaults  for  galleys,  and  a  large 
cathedral  were  constructed  by  the  Venetians.  Its  harbor, 
formed  by  two  moles,  each  terminating  with  a  fort,  is  now 
Bo  choked  as  to  be  available  only  for  vessels  drawing  8  feet 
of  water;  and  its  trade  is  much  less  important  than  that 
of  Khania.  Streets  wide  and  roughly  paved ;  houses  well 
built,  and  interspersed  with  gardens  and  fountains.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  pasha's  palace,  bazaars,  mosques,  a  syna- 
gogue, a  light-house,  and  public  baths.  The  chief  manu- 
facture is  that  of  soap.  Candia  was  taken  from  the  Venetians 
by  the  Turks  in  1669.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop 
and  of  a  Latin  bishop. 

Candia,  k4n'de-4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  20 
miles  S.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2739. 

Can'dia,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Candia  township,  on  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad, 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Manchester.  The  township  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1456. 

Candia  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Candia  township,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Concord. 
Candida  Casa,  an  ancient  name  for  Whithorn. 


Can'do,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Towner  oo.,  N.D., 
about  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Devil's  Lake.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Can'dor,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.T.,  in  Candor 
township,  on  Catatunk  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Ithaca  with  Owego,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Owego, 
and  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elmira.    It  contains  4  churches, 
the  Candor  Free  Academy,  a  national  bank,  2  tanneries,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  blanket-factories,  3  saw-  and  2  grist-mills, 
a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.    Pop.  of  the  township,  3674. 
Candor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rob- 
inson township,  1  mile  from  Bulger  Station.   It  has  a  church. 
Candy,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Ceylon.     See  Kandy. 
Cane,  kain,  or  Ken,  a  river  of  India,  in  Bundelcund, 
joins  the  Jumna  23  miles  from  Banda,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  250  miles. 

Canea,  a  seaport  town  of  Crete.  See  Khania. 
Caneadea,  kan-e-ay'de-a,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Caneadea  township,  on  the  Genesee  River, 
which  is  here  entered  by  Caneadea  Creek,  and  about  54 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  flour-mills,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  public  hall,  a  planing-mill,  a  match-factory,  and 
2  churches.  Pop.  236 ;  of  the  township,  1639.  The  town- 
ship contains  Oramel. 

Cane  Creek,  of  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  Coosa 
River  a  little  below  the  Ten  Islands. 

Cane  Creek  runs  southward  through  Butler  co..  Mo., 
and  enters  the  Big  Black  River  in  Clay  co..  Ark.  It  is 
nearly  80  miles  long. 

Cane  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Cane  Creek,  post-township,  Butler  co..  Mo.   Pop.  323. 

Cane  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Cane  Creek,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1769. 

Cane  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Caneghem,  kin'§-Hfim\  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  1840. 

Cane  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Cane  Islands,  or  Kalib  Rocks,  two  rocky  islands 
in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis,  5i  miles 
from  Cape  Zibeeb.     Lat,  37°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  30'  E. 

Canel,  ki-nfil',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Senegal,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Sedo.     P.  6000.  (?) 

Canelas,  k&-n4'l&s,  sometimes  written  Canel es,  k&- 
ni'lfis,  a  small  mining  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  110  milct 
N.W.  of  Durango,  on  the  S.W.  slope  of  the  Sierra  Madre 
Near  it  veins  of  mercury  have  been  discovered. 

Canelli,  ki-nfil'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.E.  of 
Asti,  near  the  Belbo.     Pop.  4072. 

Can'emah^  a  village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on  th« 
Willamette  River,  1  mile  above  Oregon  City,  and  on  tha 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Cane  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Cane  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  parish.  La. 

Cane  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  "Tenn. 

Cane  Savan'nan,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Wilmington  k  Columbia  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Sumter 
Court-House. 

Cane's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  li 
miles  from  Fort  Ann.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Cane  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Bardstown  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Canesteo,  a  township  of  Minnesota.    See  Canisteo. 

Canet  de  Mar,  k4-ndt'  d4  man,  a  town  of  Spain,  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     P.  3301. 

Ca&ete,  kin-yi'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Northern  Pern, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  department  and 
85  miles  S.E.  of  Lima. 

Caftete  de  las  Torres,  k4n-y4't4  d4  l&s  toR'Rds,  a 
town  of  Spain,  25  miles  E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2410. 

Cafiete-la-Huergina,  k4n-y4't4-l4-wdR-Hee'n4,  a 
town  of  Spain,  27  miles  E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1230. 

C  a&ete  -la-Real,  k4n-y4't4-l&-r4-4l',  a  town  of  Spain, 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Malaga.  Pop.  4800.  It  has  a  trade  in 
fruits  and  wine. 

Caneva,  k4-ni'v4,  a  market-town  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  37  miles  W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  6045. 

Cane  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  34  miles 
S.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Ca'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  22  miles  W. 
of  Camden.     It  has  2  stores. 

Caney,  a  station  in  the  Choctaw  country,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  40  miJea 
N.N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex. 


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Caney^  a  post-Lamlet  of  Montgomery  cc,  Kansas,  in 
Caney  township,  20  miles  W.  of  Coffey  ville.  It  has  several 
church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  542 ;  of  the  township,  1967. 

Caney,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky. 

Caney,  a  post-office  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex. 

Caney  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  small  stream  of  Texas,  enters 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  line  between  Brazoria  and  Mata- 
gorda cos. 

Caney  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Greeneville.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Caney  Creek  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  154  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville,  in  the  western  coal-region  of  Kentucky. 

Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River  rises  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Tenn.  It  runs  westward  to  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  White  CO.,  from  which  point  it  flows  in  a  N.N.W.  direc- 
tion, and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  at  Carthage.  Its 
length  is  about  150  miles. 

Caney  Fork,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.     P.  951. 

Caney  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky. 

Caney  River,  of  Kansas,  runs  nearly  southeastward 
through  Chautauqua  co.  into  the  Indian  Territory.  The 
lower  part  of  it  is  called  the  Little  Verdigris  River. 

Caney  River,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.  P.  1202. 

Caney  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
35  miles  S.  of  Nashville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ca'neyville,  township,  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan.  Pop.  875. 

Caneyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  S3  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Can'field,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Boulder  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Boulder.  It 
has  mines  of  lignite  coal,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Caufield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  (direct)  E.  of  Waterloo,  and  about  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Dewar  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  grain  elevator  and  a 
creamery. 

Canfield,  a  post-village  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.,  in  Can- 
field  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York,  Pennsylvania 
dt  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Niles,  and  about  lU 
miles  S.W.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
union  and  a  normal  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  tannery,  a 
rake-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  a  pump-factory,  a  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  lumber,  &c.  Coal  abounds  in 
the  vicinity.     Pop.  675;  of  the  township,  1565. 

Cau'field,  a  post-yillage  in  Haldimand  oo.,  Ontario,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Grand  Trunk  (Buffalo  i,  Goderich 
Branch),  Canada  Air-Line,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways, 
46  miles  W.  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.     Pop.  400. 

Canfoo,  or  Canfu,  k&n-foo',  called  Kanpoo  by  the 
Chinese,  an  ancient  town  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang, 
at  the  head  of  a  considerable  bay,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Chapoo. 
It  was  originally  the  port  of  Hang-Chow-Foo,  but  is  now 
deserted. 

Canfranc,  k&n-fr&nk',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Huesca,  on  a  frequented  route  between  France  and  Spain, 
in  the  Pyrenees,  9  miles  N.  of  Jaca. 

Cangallo,  kin-gil'yo,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Cuzco,  on 
one  of  the  head-branches  of  the  river  Apurimac,  about  160 
miles  W.  of  Cuzco. 

Cangas  de  Onis,  k&n'g&s  dk  o-neece',  a  town  of 
Spain,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1600. 

Cangas  de  Tineo,  kin'gis  di  te-n4'o,  a  town  of 
Spain,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1113. 

Cangayang,  island,  Java  Sea.     See  Kangelung. 

Cangozima,  or  Kangozima,  k&n-go-zee'mS,,  prop- 
erly Kagosheema,  or  Kagoshima,  k&-go-shee'm&,  a 
town  of  Japan,  capital  of  the  province  of  Satsuma,  on  a 
large  bay  at  the  S.  end  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  was 
for  many  years  the  capital  of  the  feudal  prince  Satsuma, 
and  had  armories  and  a  cotton-factory.  It  has  an  excellent 
harbor,  with  a  light-house.     Pop.  (1892)  56,157. 

Cangrejos,  k&n-gr&'Hoce,  or  Crab  Island,  an  island 
of  Venezuela,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco.  Lat.  8°  60'  N. ; 
Ion.  60°  18'  W. 

Cangu^u,  kin-goo-soo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  state  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Caniapuscaw,  kan^e-ap'us-kaw\  or  Koksoak,  kok'- 
8o-ak\  a  lake  of  Labrador,  is  70  miles  long,  with  a  breadth 
varying  from  8  to  35  miles.  Its  N.  end  is  in  lat.  54°  45'  N., 
Ion.  67°  W.  It  occupies  a  central  part  of  the  peninsula, 
and  is  nearly  equidistant  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  Ungava, 
and  Hamilton  Inlets,  being  350  miles  from  each. 

Caniapuscaw,  or  Koksoak,  a  river  of  Labrador, 


issuing  from  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  running  N.  by  W., 
falls  into  Ungava  Bay,  Hudson's  Strait,  in  lat.  59°  N.  Total 
course,  about  400  miles. 

Canicatti,  kS.-ne-kit'tee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Girgenti,  on  the  Naro.  Pop.  20,908.  In  iu  en- 
virons are  extensive  sulphur-mines. 

Canie,  ki^nee',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  N.  coast. 

Canigou,  ki^ne^goo',  a  mountain  of  France,  department 
of  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan.  It  ia 
one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Pyrenees.     Height,  9137  feet. 

Caniles,  k&-nee'15s,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S.W.  cf 
Granada.     It  has  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  2260. 

Canillas,  k3,-neel'y&s,  a  modern  commercial  town  of 
Spain,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2247. 

Caninde,  k&-neen'd4.,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy 
falls  into  the  Parnahiba.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Canino,  ki-nee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Viterbo.  It  has  celebrated  baths,  and  gave  the  title  o' 
prince  to  Lucien  Bonaparte. 

CanUsbay',  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness. 

Canis'nia,  a  small  lake  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Red  River,  into  which  it  flows. 

CanUste'ar,  a  mining  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Vernon  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Stockholm.     It  has  a  church. 

Caniste'o,  or  Caneste'o,  a  township  of  Dodge  oo., 
Minn.,  about  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rochester.     Pop.  832. 

Canisteo,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
Canisteo  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bennett's  Creek,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  2 
tanneries,  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind-,  and  boot-  and  shoe- 
factories,  a  printing-office,  a  spoke-  and  bending-works,  a 
flour-mill,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  2071 ;  of  the  township,  3629. 

Canisteo  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Alleghany  co., 
runs  southeastward  in  Steuben  co.,  and  enters  the  Tioga 
River  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Coming.  It  is  about  60  miles 
long,  and  flows  in  a  deep  valley.  The  Erie  Railroad  is  laid 
along  its  left  bank  from  its  mouth  to  Hornellsville,  38  miles. 

Can'ister  Islands,  three  islets  of  the  Mergui  Archi- 
pelago, Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  13°  N. ;  Ion.  98°  E. 

Canjayar,  kin-Hi-an',  a  town  of  Spain,  34  mllee  W. 
of  Almeria,  E.  of  the  Sierra  Gador.     Pop.  837. 

Can'mer,  or  Cran'mer,  a  village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Hewlett's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  stores  and 
a  seminary.     Pop.  226. 

Can'na,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Sc-otland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Skye.    Length,  ^  miles.    Pop.  48. 

Can^nannee'  Creek,  Georgia,  flows  into  the  Oomal- 
gee  River,  in  Irwin  co. 

Canne,  k&n'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari, 
near  the  Ofanto,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Barletta,  on  the  site  of 
the  field  of  Cannse,  still  called  the  "Campo  di  Sangue," 
k&m'po  dee  sin'gwi  (i.e.,  "field  of  blood"),  where  Hanni- 
bal gained  a  memorable  victory  over  the  Romans,  b.c.  216. 

Canne,  klnn  or  kin'n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Limbourg,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tongres.     Pop.  800. 

Can'nelburg,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
Clark's  Station,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad.  Here 
is  a  coal-mine. 

Can'nelton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  70  miles  above  Evansville,  and  about 
145  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Indianapolis.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  court-house,  a  cotton-mill,  a 
quarry  of  sandstone,  a  pottery  for  stoneware,  a  paper-mill, 
a  chair-factory,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  flour, 
lumber,  Ac.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  The 
coal-mines  of  Cannelton  (which  have  been  opened  many 
years)  appear  to  be  inexhaustible,  producing  coal  that  is 
extensively  used  in  steamboats.     Pop.  1991. 

Cannelton,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dar- 
lington township,  on  a  short  railroad  which  connects  with 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  45  miles 
N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory 
of  railroad-cars.     It  has  mines  of  cannel  coal. 

Cannelton,  a  station  in  Fayette  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Great  Kanawha  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  27 
miles  (32  miles  by  water)  above  Charleston.  Here  are  fine 
beds  of  workable  coal,  aggregating  29  feet  in  thickness,  and 
including  a  fine  gas-coal  and  a  splint-  or  block-coal  of  the 
first  excellence. 

Cannelton,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  about  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a 
church  and  rich  coal-mines.  Six  ooal  companies  operate 
within  2  miles  of  Cannelton.    Pop.  about  600. 

Cannes,  k&nn,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Var, 


CAN 


781 


CAJS 


on  the  Mediterranean,  22  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nice.  Pop. 
about  14,000.  It  stands  on  a  declivity  facing  the  sea  and 
Barrounded  by  orange-  and  olive-plantations.  It  has  an  old 
Gothic  castle,  and  a  good  quay,  but  an  indifferent  port. 
Exports,  anchovies,  fruits,  and  corn.  It  is  a  winter  resort, 
and  has  over  50  hotels.  Napoleon  landed  at  Cannes  from 
\  Elba  on  the  1st  of  March,  1815. 

Cannetello,  kin-nA-tfil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles 
N.  of  Reggie,  in  the  Strait  of  Messina.     Pop.  2230. 

Canneto,  kin-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.  of 
Mantua,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  3753. 

Canneto,  atown  of  Italy,  9  miles S.  of  Bari.    Pop.  3094. 

Cannif'ton,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Moira,  3  miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  has  excellent 
•water-power,  a  woollen-factory,  tanneries,  saw-mills,  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  pottery,  &c.     Pop.  600. 

Can'ning,  or  Mudge  Hollow,  a  post-village  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Nith,  4  miles  from  Paris.  It 
has  a  woollen-factory,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  130. 

Can'ning,  Port  Can'ning,  or  Mnt'la  (Matla),  a 
town  of  India,  Bengal,  28  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Calcutta,  with 
an  excellent  harbor  on  the  river  Mutla,  in  the  Ganges  delta. 
Great  sums  of  money  have  been  expended  in  developing 
this  port,  but  its  trade  and  population  are  very  small. 

Can'ning)  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  Kings  co.,  on 
Habitant  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kentville.  It  has  sev- 
eral ship-yards.     Pop.  600. 

Can'nington,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Beaver  River,  59  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  brewery,  woollen-mill,  door-  and  sash-factory,  shingle- 
inill,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  3  churches,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  800. 

Cann  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  o£f  Newfound- 
land, 16  miles  from  Fogo. 

Cannobio,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cahobbio. 

Can'nock,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Staffordshire,  Eng- 
land, 8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Walsall.     Pop.  6650. 

Can'non,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
a  small  affluent  of  the  Cumberland  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  uneven;  the  soil  is  productive.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Wood- 
bury. Pop.  in  1870,  10,502;  in  1880,  11,859;  in  1890, 
12,197. 

Cannon,  a  post-village  of  Wilton  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  South  Norwalk.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  and  mannfaotures  of  curled  hair. 
Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  1722. 

Cannon,  a  township  of  Kent  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  1205. 
It  contains  Cannonsburg. 

Cannon  Ball  River  rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  North 
Dakota,  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  at  lat.  46°  30'  N.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Cannon  City,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Faribault.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1057. 

Cannon  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
is  on  Cannon  River,  in  Cannon  Falls  township,  about  36 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
ofQce,  6  churches,  4  flouring-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  graded  school.  The  river  here  afibrds  great  water-power. 
Pop.  1078 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  835. 

Cannon  River,  Minnesota,  rises  among  several  lakes, 
near  the  S.  border  of  Lesueur  co.  It  runs  northeastward 
through  Rice  co.,  drains  parts  of  Dakota  and  Goodhue  cos., 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  1  mile  above  Red 
Wing.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Cannon's,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1224. 

Can'nonsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  2  or 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Catlettsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Cannonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Cannon  township,  on  Bear  Creek,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cannonsburg,  a  po.st-village  and  station  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad, 
14  miles  E.  of  Natchez.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cannonsburg,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  Dell  Rot. 

Cannonsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Rawson  Railroad  Station. 

Cannonsburg,  or  Canonsburg,  a  post-borough  of 
Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  Chartiers  Creek  and  the  Chartiers 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  banks,  an 
academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  7  churches,  a  rolling-mill, 
Ac.  The  Western  Pennsylvania  State  School  of  Reform, 
with  buildings  which  cost  about  $350,000,  is  located  1  mil« 
from  this  borough.    Pop.  2024. 


Can'non's  Fer'ry  (Cannon  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Sussex  CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Nanticoke  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Seaford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cannon's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0., 
5  miles  N.N.W.  of  East  Liverpool.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Cannon's  Station,  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.    See  Caitiion. 

Cannon  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iberville  parish. 
La.,  near  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Plaqnemine. 

Can'nonsville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.T., 
in  Tompkins  township,  on  the  Coquago  or  Delaware  River, 
about  33  miles  E.  of  Binghamton.  It  is  8  miles  above 
Deposit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannerj, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  319. 

Cannonchee  (kan-noo'chee)  River,  Georgia,  rises  in 
Emanuel  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Ogeechee 
River  in  Bryan  co.,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
is  about  150  miles  long. 

Cannstadt,  kinn'stitt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  is  the  entrep8t  for  traffic  on 
the  Neckar,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  to- 
bacco, vinegar,  Ac,  with  dyeing-establishments.  In  the 
vicinity  are  mineral  springs,  forming  a  favorite  resort,  and 
close  by  are  the  royal  seats  of  BeUevue  and  Rosenstein. 
Pop.  11,084. 

Canobbio,  Cannobio,  or  Canobio,  k&-nob'be-o, 
a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago  Maggiore,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  2581. 

Canobus,  ancient  ruins  in  Egypt.     See  Abookeek. 

Canoe,  ka-noo',  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Canoe,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  883. 

Canoe,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  Clarion  River, 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Parker  City. 

Canoe,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  998.  It 
contains  Locust  Lane. 

Canoe  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich- 
mond township,  on  the  Tioga  River  and  the  Tioga  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Canoe  Creek,  township.  Rock  Island  co..  111.  P.  41.S. 

Canoe  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in 
Frankstown  township,  at  Flowing  Spring  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  9  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Canoe  Place,  a  village  of  Southampton  township, 
Sufi'olk  CO.,  Long  Island,  on  an  isthmus  between  Peconic 
and  Shinnecock  Bays.  It  has  28  dwellings,  a  tavern,  store, 
and  church,  and  is  1  mile  E.  of  Good  Ground. 

Canoe  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa. 

Cauo'ga,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Fayette  township,  i  mile  W.  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  about  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Here  is  a  large  spring,  which  aftords  water-power. 

Cano  Guaraguan,  kin'yo  gwS.-ri-gwin',  a  mouth  of 
the  Orinoco  River,  South  America,  enters  the  Atlantic  55 
miles  N.W.  of  the  Naviros,  or  great  southern  mouth. 

Canonia,  ki-no-mi'  or  kft-no'mi,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Par^,  an  affluent  of  the  Madeira,  which  it  joins 
on  the  right  in  lat.  3°  58'  S.,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  up- 
wards of  200  miles'  direct  distance,  and  passing  through 
Lake  Canoma,  about  35  miles  long  by  12  miles  broad. 

Ca&on,  kin-yon',  a  Spanish  word  signifying  "tube" 
or  "channel,"  applied  in  Mexico  and  South  America  to 
narrow  and  deep  river-channels. 

Canon  (kin'yOn)  City,  a  village  or  mining  camp  of 
Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  Gold  i« 
found  here.     Pop.  130. 

Cafton  (or  Canyon)  City,  the  capital  of  Fremont  co., 
Col.,  is  on  the  Arkansas  River,  a  few  miles  below  the 
Grand  Canon  of  the  Arkansas,  about  95  miles  S.  by  W. 
from  Denver,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pueblo.  It  is  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  and  is  on  the  Denver 
A  Rio  Grande  Railroad  (Arkansas  Valley  Branch).  Rich 
mines  of  good  coal  or  lignite  have  been  opened  near  this 
place,  and  petroleam  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory.  The  state  penitentiary 
is  located  here.  It  has  a  delightful  climate,  soda  and  hot 
springs,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain  scenery. 
Copper,  iron,  and  limestone  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  It 
is  also  the  seat  of  the  largest  zino  lead  smelting-works  in 
the  worid.     Pop.  in  1890,  2825. 

Cafton  (or  Canyon)  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Grant  oo.,  Oregon,  is  situated  near  the  Blue  Mountains,  anu 
near  John  Day's  River,  about  220  miles  E.S.E.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  3  churches.  Qold 
is  found  here.     Pop.  500. 


CAN 


782 


CAN 


Canou'icut  (or  Conan'icut)  Island,  in  Narragan- 
gett  Bay,  K.I.,  2  miles  long  and  about  half  a  mile  wide.  It 
constitutes  the  town  of  Jamestown.     Pop.  488. 

Canonsburg,  Pennsylvania.    See  Cannonsbubs. 

Canoochee,  a  river  of  Georgia.    See  Cannoucheb. 

Canoo'chee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  direct  E.  by  N.  of  Swainsborough. 

Can^oon',  a  town  of  British  India,  80  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Delhi.     It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  desert. 

Canopus,  or  Canobus.    See  Abookeer. 

Canosa,  ki-no'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Barletta.  Pop.  14,905.  It  has  the  tomb 
of  Bohemond,  Prince  of  Antioch,  and  the  remains  of  the 
ancient  Canusium. 

Canossa,  kS.-nos'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  11 
» .  miles  S.W.  of  Reggio,  with  a  castle,  in  which  the  Emperor 

^vTV>*i/1Penry  IV.  performed  penance  before  Pope  Gregory  VII., 
]  In  1077. 

\  Canouge,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kanoje. 

Cano'va,  a  post- village  of  Miner  co.,  S.D.,  38  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Parker.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  numerous  stores  and  general  business  houses.  Pop. 
about  200 ;  of  the  township,  395. 

Canquaga  (kan-kwah'ga)  Creek,  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
falls  into  Lake  Erie,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  BuflFalo. 

Canrobert,  kfiN»^ro'baiR',  or  Ange  Gardien,  fiNzh 
gaKMe-SiJo',  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles 
from  West  Farnham.     Pop.  255. 

Cansanare,  a  territory  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia.   See  Casanake. 

Can'so,  or  Cape  Canso,  a  seaport  in  Guysborongh 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Chedabucto  Bay,  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Guysborough.  It  contains  8  stores  and  several  churches 
and  hotels.  An  American  consul  resides  here.  Pop.  1136, 
See  Gut  op  Canso. 
'  Canstatt,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Cannstadt. 

Canta,  kin'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  department  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Lima. 

Cantabriau  (k&n-ti'bre-an)  Mountains,  in  the  N. 
of  Spain,  form  a  prolongation  of  the  Pyrenees,  and  extend 
from  these  mountains  in  the  E.  to  Cape  Finisterre  on  the 
W.,  about  lat.  43°  N.  The  chief  divisions  of  the  chain  are 
the  Sierras  d'Aralar,  Salvada,  Ordunte,  AnaBa,  Sejos,  Albas, 
Peiia-mellara,  the  mountains  of  Asturias,  Sierra  de  Mon- 
donedo,  Quadramon,  and  Tecyra.  Some  of  the  summits 
attain  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet. 

Cantabrigia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cambridge. 

Cantagallo,  kkn-th-gkVlo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  85  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  4200. 

Cantal«  kfiN°H&l',  a  central  department  of  France,  the 
S.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Auvergne.  Area,  2245  square 
miles.  It  is  entirely  mountainous,  occupied  by  the  mass 
of  Cantal  and  its  contreforts ;  culminating  point,  Plomb  de 
Cantal,  fine  of  the  four  principal  mountains  of  Auvergne, 
6093  feet  in  elevation.  The  surface  is  almost  covered  with 
the  d6bris  of  extinct  volcanoes;  it  furnishes  marble  and 
coal,  and  has  numerous  mineral  springs.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Alagnon,  affluent  of  the  AUier;  TruySre  and  Celle, 
affluents  of  the  Lot;  and  the  C6re,  affluent  of  the  Dor- 
dogne.  The  soil  is  infertile,  except  in  some  of  the  valleys ; 
the  declivities  of  the  mountains  afford  excellent  pasturage. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  cheese  (the  most  celebrated  of 
which  is  called  Roquefort),  linens,  and  paper.  The  depart- 
ment forms  the  arrondissements  of  Aurillac,  Mauriac,  Murat, 
and  St.-Plour.     Capital,  Aurillac.     Pop.  in  1891,  239,601. 

Cantalapiedra,  kin-ti-li-pe-i'dri,  a  town  of  Spain, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Salamanca,  with  1530  inhabitants. 

Cantalejo,  kS,n-ti-li'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Segovia.     Pop.  1400. 

Cantalice,  kln-til'e-chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  6  miles  N.  of  Civita  Duoale. 

Cantalupo,  kin-ti-loo'po,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Campobasso.  The  French  here 
defeated  the  Neapolitans  in  1798.     Pop.  2590. 

Canteleu,  kONoH^h-luh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Infgrieure,  3  miles  W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  3145. 

Cantenac,  kdnoH^h-nik',  a  village  of  France,  10  miles 
N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  942. 

Canterbury,  kan't§r-b§r-e  (anc.  Durover'num  or  Dar- 
ver'num;  afterwards  called  Gantua'ria),  a  city,  borough, 
and  county  of  itself,  in  England,  within  the  co.  of  Kent,  on 
the  Stour,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways.  Lat.  51°  16'  48"  N.;  Ion.  1°  4'  31"  E. 
It  is  situated  in  a  rich  vale,  and  has  four  main  streets, 
branching  from  a  centre  at  right  angles.  Its  cathedral, 
erected  in  the  twelfth  and  two  following  centuries,  on  the 
lite  r>f  the  first  Christian  church  built  in  Saxon  England,  is 


in  the  form  of  a  double  cross,  with  a  central  and  two  western 
towers,  and  presents  a  magnificent  union  of  almost  every 
style  of  Christian  architecture.  The  choir  is  the  largest  and 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  kingdom,  and  the  pavement  of  the 
chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity  is  worn  into  hollows  by  the  knees 
of  the  innumerable  pilgrims  who  here  worshipped  at  the 
shrine  of  Thomas  k  Becket.  Among  other  interesting  tombs 
here  is  that  of  the  Black  Prince.  A  fine  chapter-house  and 
a  valuable  library  are  attached  to  the  cathedral,  under  which 
is  a  spacious  crypt,  used  as  a  French  Protestant  church  since 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  founded 
by  Henry  VIII.,  for  50  scholars,  numerous  other  endowed 
schools,  a  hospital  for  poor  brethren,  Jesus  Hospital,  founded 
in  1595,  another  hospital,  an  infirmary,  an  ancient  guild- 
hall, an  exchange,  large  barracks,  a  theatre,  and  philosoph- 
ical institution,  with  a  library  and  museum.  A  fine  ancient 
gateway,  and  some  remains  of  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  of  a 
Norman  castle,  and  of  the  old  Chequers  Inn,  immortalized 
by  Chaucer,  may  be  specified  a*  objects  of  interest.  In  the 
vicinity  are  woollen-mills;  but  the  chief  business  is  the  ex- 
port of  agricultural  produce,  especially  of  hops  and  of  brawn. 
Canterbury  was  formerly  noted  for  its  silk-manufactures  and 
for  its  damask  linen.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  22,607. 

Canterbury  was,  previous  to  the  Roman  invasion,  a  place 
of  note  as  a  religious  institution ;  it  was  made  a  principal 
station  by  the  Romans,  and  subsequently  became  the  capi- 
tal of  the  Saxon  kingdom  of  Kent,  under  the  name  of  Caer- 
Cant,  hence  Cantuaria  and  Canterbury.  The  archbishopric, 
founded  a.d,  697,  has  had  nearly  100  archbishops,  the  most 
famous  of  whom  have  been  St.  Augustine,  the  founder  of 
the  see,  St.  Dunstan,  Stigand,  Lanfranc,  Anselm,  Becket, 
Cardinal  Pole,  Cranmer,  Laud,  and  Tillotson.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  is  "  primate  of  all  England,"  and  the 
first  peer  of  the  realm.  He  crowns  the  sovereign  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  and  among  other  privileges  has  that  of  con- 
ferring degrees  in  divinity,  law,  and  physic. 

Canterbury,  kan't§r-b§r-e,  a  post-village  of  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Canterbury  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River, 
3  miles  from  Plainfield  Junction,  and  about  14  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Norwich.  It  has  2  grist-mills  and  a  church.  The  town- 
ship has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-mill,  and  has  a  station  on 
the  New  York  and  New  England  Railroad,  18  miles  E,  by 
S.  of  Willimantic. 

Canterbury,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Dover,  on  the  Delaware  Railroad.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  factory  for  canning  fruits,  Ac. 

Canterbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Canterbury  township,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Concord.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop.  1169. 

Canterbury,  or  Corn 'wall,  a  village  and  summer 
resort  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cornwall  township,  5  miles 
S.  of  Newburg,  and  nearly  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  several  large  hotels. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cornwall,  and  the  village  is 
almost  contiguous  to  Cornwall  on  the  Hudson. 

Canterbury,  a  province  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Middle  Island.  Area,  13,580  square  miles.  The 
coast  region  is  chiefly  open,  plain  land ;  but  the  interior  is 
mountainous,  with  dense  forests.  There  are  several  rail- 
ways.    Capital,  Christchurch.     Pop.  in  1891,  128,471. 

Canterbury,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  150. 

Canterbury,  or  Eel  River,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  outlet  of  Eel  River  into  the  St. 
John,  8  miles  E.  from  Canterbury  Station.     Pop.  150. 

Canterbury  Station,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  28  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Woodstock.  There  are 
several  saw-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Cantiano,  kin-te-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
20  miles  S.  of  Urbino,  on  the  river  Cantiano,  and  on  the 
road  from  Rome  to  Pesaro.  Pop.  3237.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  the  ancient  Luccola. 

Cantillana,  kin-teel-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  milei 
N.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  4850. 

Cantire,  or  Cantyre,  Mull  of.    See  Kintyre. 

Canton,  kan-ton'  (Chin.  Kwang-Chow-Foo  or  Sang- 
Ching,  the  "provincial  city"),  a  city  of  China,  and  the 
great  commercial  emporium  of  the  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Canton  or  Pearl  River  ( Ghoo-Kiang), 
about  80  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  China  Sea.  Lat.  23° 
6'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  113*  15'  E.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year, 
69°.9;  winter,  54°.8;  summer,  82°  Fahrenheit.  Canton, 
with  its  suburbs,  occupies  the  N.  bank  of  the  river,  extend- 
ing inland  nearly  to  a  row  of  heights  commanding  it  on 


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the  N.  and  N.E.,  but  between  which  and  the  city  is  a 
broken  ravine ;  to  the  S.  lies  an  alluvial  plain,  formed  by 
the  delta  of  the  river.  The  city  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  of 
brick,  on  a  foundation  of  red  sandstone,  6  or  7  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, and  entered  by  12  gates;  it  is  unequally  di- 
vided, by  another  wall  with  4  gates,  into  the  old  and  the  new 
town,  in  the  former  of  which  are  the  residences  of  most  of 
the  high  officers,  the  public  arsenal,  &c.  The  walls  are  in 
some  places  mounted  with  cannon.  On  the  N.  heights  are 
4  strong  forts,  and  on  some  islands  in  the  river  are  other  forts, 
termed  the  "  Dutch"  and  the  "  French  Folly."  Various  de- 
tached batteries  also  guard  the  approach  to  the  city  by  the 
river.  The  suburbs  are  nearly  as  large  as  the  city  itself. 
On  the  S.  they  stretch  all  along  the  river-side;  and  at  their 
S.W.  comer  are  the  hongs,  formerly  the  European  quarter, 
—a  range  of  buildings  about  li  furlongs  in  length,  built 
upon  a  flat  raised  on  piles,  and  separated  from  the  river  by 
a  quay  100  yards  in  breadth,  called  Respondentia  Walk. 
The  new  artificial  island  of  Sha-Mien  is  the  principal  Euro- 
pean quarter,  but  all  parts  of  the  city  are  open  to  foreign- 
ers. Near  the  quay  is  another  small  space,  about  50  or  60 
yards  square,  walled  in  and  laid  out  as  a  garden.  Con- 
tiguous to  the  hongs  are  Old  and  New  China  streets,  and 
Hog  lane :  the  two  former  are  among  the  best  streets  in  the 
snburbs;  the  last  is  a  filthy,  narrow  lane,  well  known  to 
foreign  seamen,  and  where  many  disturbances  between  them 
and  the  Chinese  have  arisen. 

The  city  and  the  suburbs  are  laid  out  and  built  after  one 
hion.    The  streets  are  narrow  and  crooked,  varying  from 
to  16  feet  but  averaging  7  or  8  feet  in  width,  paved  and 
agged,  each  closed  by  gates  guarded  at  night,  and  each  of 
the  trading  thoroughfares  appropriated  to  one  trade.     Sev- 
1  canals  intersect  the  city,  and  are  crossed  by  stone  bridges. 
e  houses  are  mostly  of  brick,  but  also  of  stone,  mud,  and 
od,  with  flat  roofs  and  terraces,  floored  with  hardened 
ud,  stone,  or  tiles,  and  the  place  of  window -glass  is  com- 
pnly  supplied  by  paper,  mica,  or  thin  shell.     The  resi- 
nces  of  the  wealthy  inhabitants  are  built  within  a  walled 
urt,  and  are  richly  furnished ;  those  of  the  middle  classes, 
which  about  one-third  of  the  population  reside,  have  no 
nrts ;  and  those  of  the  lower  orders,  which  are  numerous 
long  the  banks   of  the   canals  and  in  the  suburbs,  are 
etched  mud  hovels.     A  large  part  of  the  population  re- 
ides  on  the  water ;  and  for  4  or  5  miles  opposite  the  city, 
.nd  both  above  and  below,  the  river  is  crowded  with  vessels 
d  rafts  of  all  kinds,  on  many  of  which  large  numbers  of 
ultry  are  reared.   Upwards  of  120  temples  are  enumerated 
Canton,  the  principal  being  the  remarkable  Booddhist 
imple  of  Ho-Nan,  on  an  adjacent  large  island.  Within  the 
lid  city  are  other  considerable  temples,  and  a  Mohammedan 
mosque,  with  a  dome  and  minaret  160  feet  in  height;  and 
outside  of  the  walls,  on  the  N.,  is  a  lofty  pagoda.     Canton 
.8  several  hospitals,  a  grand  hall  for  the  examination  of 
.ndidates  for  literary  honors,  14  high  schools,  and  about  30 
'colleges,  3  of  which  have  each  200  students.     The  manu- 
factures are  various  and  extensive,  and  the  shops  are  filled 
with  articles  of  Chinese  workmanship.     17,000  persons  are 
said  to  be  employed  in  silk-weaving,  50,000  in  the  manu- 
facture of  all  kinds  of  cloth,  and  upwards  of  4000  in  shoe- 
aking.    Great  numbers  of  individuals  work  in  wood,  stone, 
m,  and  brass,  and  the  book  trade  is  considerable. 
Until  1843,  all  the  legitimate  foreign  trade  of  China  was 
conducted  at  Canton,  and  its  amount  was  estimated  (in- 
clusive of  the  trade  by  junks  with  adjacent  countries)  at 
$80,000,000  annually.     The  chief  exports  are  tea,  raw  and 
manufactured  silk,   cassia,  matting,   palm-leaf  fans,  fire- 
crackers, sugar,  chinaware,  canes,  preserves,  <fec.     The  ex- 
ports in  some  years  exceed  $25,000,000  in  value,  and  are 
always  enormously  in  excess  of  the  imports.     The  markets 
abound  with  all  kinds  of  live-stock  for  food,  including  dogs, 
cats,  owls,  hawks,  rats,  Ac,  suitable  only  for  Chinese  con- 
sumers ;  but  provisions  of  all  kinds  are  generally  abundant 
and  cheap.     Canton  is  well  supplied  with  water  from  reser- 
voirs and  springs. 

There  are  no  wheeled  carriages  in  use  in  the  streets  of 
Canton,  but  their  absence  is  amply  compensated  by  the  nim- 
ble sedaiL-bearers.  Men  of  wealth  generally  appear  abroad 
in  sedan-chairs,  taking  up  nearly  the  whole  breadth  of  the 
narrow  street,  to  the  great  annoyance  of  the  foot-passengers. 
But  the  river  presents  scenes  still  more  curious  and  interest- 
ing. The  prodigious  number  of  boats  with  which  the  sur- 
face is  crowded,  sometimes  amounting  to  nearly  100,000,  is 
the  first  thing  that  strikes  the  eye.  A  large  number  of 
these — as  many,  it  is  said,  as  40,000,  containing  a  popula- 
tion of  200,000 — are  fixed  residences,  and  most  of  them 
moored  stem  and  stern  in  rows.  The  inhabitants  are  called 
Tankia,  or  boat-people,  and  form  a  class  in  »ome  respects 


beneath  the  other  portions  of  the  community,  with  many 
customs  peculiar  to  themBclves.  The  dwelling-  or  family- 
boats  are  of  various  sizes,  the  better  sort  being  from  60  to 
80  feet  long  and  about  16  feet  wide.  But  by  far  the  hand- 
somest of  the  boats  are  the  hwa-ting,  or  flower-boats.  The 
form  of  these  is  very  graceful,  and  their  raised  cabins  and 
awnings  are  fancifully  carved  and  painted. 

The  climate  of  Canton  is,  upon  the  whole,  salubrious. 
The  heat  in  summer  is  sometimes  very  great,  the  thermom- 
eter occasionally  rising  from  90°  to  100°  Fahr.  in  the  shade ; 
but  the  average  of  the  whole  year  is  72°.  In  July  and  Au- 
gust the  average  is  from  80°  to  88°,  and  in  January  and 
February  from  50°  to  60°.  Ice,  however,  sometimes  forms 
in  shallow  vessels,  a  line  or  two  in  thickness.  Woollen 
clothes  are  worn  and  fires  are  comfortable  during  January 
and  February,  but  the  Chinese  do  not  warm  their  houses. 

Canton  is  the  oldest  city  in  the  S.  of  China,  and  since  its 
foundation  it  has  undergone  many  changes.  The  Chinese 
historians  say  they  are  able  to  trace  their  city  for  2000  years, 
when  it  was  called  Nan-Woo-Ching,  "  the  martial  city  of  the 
south,"  and  was  surrounded  by  a  stockade  made  of  bamboo 
and  mud.  One  of  its  earliest  names,  and  which  is  still  used 
in  its  books,  was  Yang-Ching,  "the  city  of  rams."  On  the 
26th  of  May,  1841,  the  Chinese  troops  were  totally  defeated, 
and  both  the  river  defences  and  the  hill-forts  above  Canton 
captured  by  the  British  forces,  who,  however,  did  not  enter 
the  city,  a  truce  having  been  forthwith  agreed  to  upon  the 
payment  of  £6,000,000  by  the  vanquished.  In  1847  the 
Bogue  Forts  were  again  captured  by  the  British,  and  a  new 
convention  agreed  to.  The  English  captured  the  city  by 
assault  in  1858.     Canton  has  been  frequently  devastated  by 

fires.     Pop.  estimated   at   1,500,000. Adj.   and  inhab 

Cantonksk,  kanHon-eez'.   See  Canton  River. 

Can'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharpe  co.,  Ark.,  17  milee 
N.  by  E.  of  Evening  Shade.     It  has  a  church. 

Canton,  a  post-township  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  is 
drained  by  Farmington  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Con- 
necticut Western  Railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  axes,  edge-tools, 
<fcc.  It  contains  a  village  named  Collinsville,  and  a  post- 
hamlet  named  Canton,  which  is  on  the  railroad,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Winsted.     Pop.  2639. 

Canton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Etowah  River,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Marietta,  and 
about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  distillery,  a  tannery,  and  a  news- 
paper office.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  beautiful  mountain 
scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  659. 

Canton,  a  post-town  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Canton  town- 
ship, on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Peoria,  and  27  miles  E.  of  Bushnell.  It  contains 
8  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  a  commercial  college, 
numerous  cigar-factories,  a  machine-shop,  a  stove-foundry, 
2  flouring-mills,  and  tile-,  gun-,  broom-,  and  cigar-box- 
factories,  marble-works,  bottling- works,  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  agricultural  implements,  and  1  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  5684  ;  of  the  township,  6807. 

Canton,  a  post-vulage  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
Albany,  and  2  miles  from  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  furniture.     Pop.  about  300. 

Canton,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  973, 
exclusive  of  Shellsburg. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bran- 
don township,  on  the  Maquoketa  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
chair-factory  and  a  flour-mill. 

Canton,  a  post-town  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas,  34 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Florence.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  900. 

Canton,  a  village  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Canton,  a  post- village  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  46  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Paducah.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  ^20. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Canton 
township,  on  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central  Railroad,  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  an  academy  and  sev- 
eral mills.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Androscoggin 
River,  and  has  3  churches.     Pop.  984. 

Canton,  a  station  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  about  ? 
miles  E.  of  the  initial  station  at  Baltimore.  It  has  exten- 
sive wharves  and  warehouses,  owned  chiefly  by  the  Canton 


CAN 


784 


OAO 


Company,  and  is  connected  by  the  Union  Railroad  with  the 
principal  depots  in  the  city. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Neponset  River,  which  affords  water-power,  and  on  the 
Providence  division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Stoughton  Branch,  14  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  national  and  a  co-operative  bank,  a  high 
Bchool,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  sheet  copper, 
cotton  goods,  machinery,  bar  iron,  woollen  jackets,  axles, 
oil-cloth,  prints,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  4538. 
Canton,  sometimes  called  Sheldon^  a  post-hamlet  in 
Canton  township,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  22  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Detroit.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Preston.     Pop.  260. 

Canton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  25  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jackson,  and  89  miles  S.  of  Grenada.  It  has  a 
bank  and  8  churches.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  1963. 

Canton,  the  largest  town  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  is  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  North- 
western Railroad,  about  20  miles  above  Quincy,  III.,  22 
miles  S.  of  Keokuk,  and  142  miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  con- 
tains 11  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  a  college, 
entitled  "Christian  University;"  also  flouring-mills,  a 
planing-mill,  a  large  lumber-mill,  Soo.  Two  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  2241. 

Canton,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana. 
Canton,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  9  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Canton,  a  village  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Canaljiand  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at  Memphis  Station, 
12  miles  W.  of  Syracuse.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Memphis.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  223. 
Canton,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
intersected  by  Grass  River.  It  contains  besides  Canton, 
the  county  town,  the  villages  of  Morley  and  Rensselaer 
Falls.  It  has  12  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
flour,  boats,  and  lumber,  and  produces  much  butter  and 
cheese  of  superior  quality.     Pop.  6096. 

Canton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  St.  Lawrence  oo., 
N.Y.,  is  in  Canton  township,  on  Grass  River,  and  on  the 
^  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  59  miles  N.E. 
•f  Watertown,  and  18  miles  E.S.B.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banks,  the  Canton  union 
school,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  University  (Universal  ist), 
which  was, founded  in  1856  and  has  a  library  of  1200  vol- 
umes. Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Canton 
has  extensive  steam  saw-mills,  a  boat-factory,  <fcc.  Pop. 
2580. 

Canton,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  is  finely 
situated  on  Nimishillen  Creek,  59  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Cleveland,  101  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  8 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Massillon.  Canton  has  250  manufacturing 
industries,  among  them  a  watch-  and  watch-case-factory, 
employing  about  3000  hands,  a  large  manufactory  of 
agricultural  implements,  brick-works,  with  an  output  of 
100,000,000  bricks  a  year,  and  iron-  and  steel-  roofing- 
works.  It  also  contains  23  churches,  3  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspaper  offices,  7  banks,  |ind  manufactures  of  safes, 
ploughs,   surgical    chairs,   soap,    malleable   iron,    baking- 

fowder,  Ac.  Here  also  are  found  the  works  of  the  Wrought- 
ron  Bridge  Co.  and  the.  Canton  Steel-Works.  Much 
bituminous  coal  is  shipped  nere.  The  other  chief  articles 
of  export  are  wheat,  maize,  /fend  oats.  Pop.  in  1860,  4041 ; 
in  1870,  8660;  in  1880,  12,258;  in  1890,  26,189. 

Canton,  a  post-borougn  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Canton 
township,  40  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Williamsport,  and 
38  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  roller-mill, 
2  lumber-,  2  planing-,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Minnequa 
Springs,  a  summer  resort,  and  Alba  are  in  Canton  township. 
Pop.  1393;  of  the  township,  1835. 

Canton,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  592. 

Canton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lincoln  oo.,  S.D.,  on 
the  Big  Sioux  River,  71  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City, 
Iowa.  It  has  7  churches,  4  banks,  a  college  (Lutheran), 
and  excellent  graded  schools.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1101. 

Canton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Van  Zandt  oo.,  Tex., 
about  90  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  58  miles  E.S.B.  of  Dal- 
las.    It  has  a  church  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

Canton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  4^  miles 
E.  of  Fairmont. 

Canton,  a  post- village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
from  Port  Hope.     Pop.  200. 


Canton,  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,     See  Cashmere. 
Canton,  Ontario  co.,  Ontario.     See  Pickering. 
Canton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn, 
in  Canton  township,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.    It 
has  a  church. 

Canton  Island,  or  Mary  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat. 
of  N.  point,  2°  44'  35"  S.,  Ion.  171°  42' W.),  is  a  large,  low 
atoll,  reported  to  contain  much  guano ;  but  the  quality  is 
not  good.     It  is  uninhabited. 

Cau'tonment,  a  station  in  Escambia  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Pensacola  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  railroad  to  Mus- 
cogee Mills,  15  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Canton  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in 
Canton  township,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  66  miles  N. 
of  Portland. 

Canton  River  (Chinese,  Ghoo-Kiang,  or  "Pearl 
River"),  of  China,  is  the  lower  part  of  the  Pe-Kiang,  which 
has  a  navigable  course  for  300  miles  farther  inland,  through 
the  provinces  of  Quang-Tong  and  Kiang-See,  in  China,  and 
is  joined  about  4  miles  W.  of  Canton  by  a  branch  from  the  Si- 
Kiang :  opposite  Canton  it  is  as  wide  as  the  Thames  at  London 
Bridge,  equally  crowded  with  shipping,  and  deep  enough 
for  ships  of  1000  tons'  burden;  but  foreign  ships  (excep* 
steamers)  come  up  only  as  far  as  Whampoa,  about  15  miles 
lower,  loading  and  unloading  by  means  of  native  boats.  At 
about  40  miles  below  Canton  it  is  called  the  Boca  Tigris, 
and  widens  there  into  a  large  estuary,  termed  the  "  Outer 
Waters."  All  around  and  below  Canton  it  forms  a  multi- 
tude of  islands,  including  Ho-Nan,  Whampoa,  French, 
Dane,  Junk,  Tycocktow,  An-Ung-Hoy,  Chuen-Pee,  and 
Tiger  Island,  on  which  great  quantities  of  rice  are  grown 
and  numerous  forts  are  placed.     See  Boca  Tigris. 

Cantorb^ry,  the  French  for  Canterbury. 

Cautoria,  kln-to're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Almeria,  on  the  Almanzor.  It  has  manufactures  of  wool- 
len stuffs.     Pop.  2624. 

Can 'trail,  a  post- village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  in  Fancy 
Creek  township,  on  the  Springfield  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  grain- 
elevator,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.  Pop.  200. 

Cautrelle,  kinHrel',  a  hamlet  of  St.  James  parish,  La., 
is  on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River,  i  mile  from  St.  James 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Can'trell's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamletof  McMinnco.. 
Tenn.,  8  miles  S.E.  from  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Can'tril,  a  post- village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  Burlington  A  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, 64  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  public  school,  Ac.     Pop.  356. 

Cantnaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Canterbury. 

Canturio,  kin-too're-o,  or  Cantu,  kin-too',  a  town 
of  Italy,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  2345. 

Cantyre,  a  peninsula  of  Scotland.     See  Kintyre. 

Canuma,  k&-noo-m&',  a  lake  of  Brazil,  in  the  state 
of  Par£,  connected  with  the  Amazon.  Lat.  (N.  end)  2°  30' 
S. ;  Ion.  58°  45'  W.     It  is  30  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad. 

Canura,  the  ancient  name  of  Cananore. 

Canusium.     See  Canosa. 

Can'vey  Island,  a  low  island  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
in  the  Thames,  30  miles  below  London.     Area,  240  acres. 

Can'ville,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston 
Railroad.     Pop.  1103. 

Cany,  k&^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  cot- 
ton, yarn,  and  oil.     Pop.  1870. 

Ca'ny  Hoi 'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
N.  of  Rogersville  Station,  Tenn.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Canyon  City.    See  Canon  City. 

Canyon  (kin'yon)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and 
Clarke  co.,  Montana. 

Canyon  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana, 
on  the  Missouri,  100  miles  above  the  Great  Falls. 

Can'yonville,  a  village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  27 
miles  S.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  3  stores, 
2  flour-mills,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Here  is  North  Canyonville 
Post-Office,  which  name  is  now  often  applied  to  the  village. 

Canzano,  k4n-z4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Teramo.     Pop.  1901, 

Canzo,  kin'zo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Como, 
with  many  silk-manufactories.     Pop.  1912. 

Caorle,  k&-0R'I4,  an  island  and  village  in  the  Adriatic, 
29  miles  N.E.  of  Venice,     Pop.  2719. 

Caorso,  ki-oR'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  E.  of 
Piacenza,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Chiavenna  and  Zen(v 
affluents  of  the  Po,     Pop.  3307. 


CAP 


785 


CAP 


Ca'pac,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  cc,  Mioh.,  in  Mus- 
tej  township,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lapeer,  and  26  miles 
W.  by  N.  from  Port  Huron.  It  has  3  ohurches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  flouring-mill,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  foundry,  dye-works,  wagon-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  700. 

CapacciO)  k&-p&t'cho,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno,  near  the  ruins  of  Pmstum.  Pop. 
8945.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  whose  cathedral  is 
at  Old  Capaccio,  a  village  2^  miles  N.N.W. 

Cap  and  Bnt'ton  Isles,  two  small  isles  in  the  Strait 
of  Sunda;  the  one  in  lat.  5°  58'  S.,  Ion.  106°  48'  E.,  the 
other  in  lat.  5°  W  S.,  Ion.  105°  48'  E. 

Capannoli,  k&-p&n-no'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  3110. 

Capannori,  k&-p&n-no'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  2467. 

Cap'ark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  oo.,  Ark.,  19  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Jasper.     It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

Capay,  k&-p&'  a  post-hamlet  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Rumsey,  and  20  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of 
Woodland.    It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.    Pop.  150. 

Capbern,  kip^baiRn',  or  Capvern,  kipVaiBn',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Ilautes-Pyr^n^es,  on  a  railway,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bagneres,  with  sulphur  springs.     Pop.  783. 

Cap  Chat,  kip  sh&,  or  Cape  Chatte,  snS,t,  a  post- 
village  and  parish  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  48  miles  from  Matane.  It  forms  the  ex- 
treme N.W.  of  the  district  of  GaspS,  and  has  a  revolving 
light.     Lat.  49°  5'  50"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  45'  50"  W.     Pod.  930. 

Cap  de  la  Magdeleine,  k&p  d^h  1&  migM^h-lane',  a 
post- village  in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  81  miles  above  Quebec.     Pop.  200.  * 

tCapdenac,  kipMQh-n3,k',  a  town  of  France,  department 
Lot,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Figeac.  Pop.  1602. 
Cap  des  Rosiers,  k&p  di  ro^ze-&',  a  post-village 
and  parish  in  Gasp€  co.,  Quebec,  between  Gasp6  Bay  and 
the  St.  Lawrence,  19  miles  from  Gasp6.  Pop.  714. 
Cape.  For  all  Capes  not  undermentioned,  see  their  re- 
BCtive  names. 

,  Cape  Abcheran,  in  Russia.  See  Caps  Apsheron. 
Cape  Ac'worth,  in  the  W.  part  of  Prince  of  Wales 
iind,  N.  of  Osborne  Bay.  Lat.  72°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  45'  W. 
I  Cape  A'den,  a  rooky  peninsula  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ara- 
%,  rises  to  1776  feet  in  height,  stretches  into  the  ocean  5 
iiiles,  varying  in  breadth  from  2  to  3^  miles,  is  connected 
with  the  mainland  by  a  sandy  isthmus  2  of  a  mile  broad, 
and  has  a  harbor  on  either  side,  both  good,  especially  that 
;0n  the  N.W. 

Cape  Agrakhan,  &-gr3,-K&n',  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Georgia,  on  the  Caspian  Sea.  It  forms  the  E.  boundary  of 
the  Gulf  of  Agrakhan.     Lat.  43°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  10'  E. 

Cape  Agalhas,  i-gool'yis  {i.e.,  "Cape  Needles"),  on 
the  S.  coast  of  Africa,  E.  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  This 
is  the  most  southern  point  of  Africa.  Lat.  34°  51'  30"  S. ; 
~      19°  56'  30"  E. 

Cape  Aia,  &'y&,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Russia,  extending 
rto  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  44°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  35'  E. 
fCape  Airy,  i'ree,  the  S.W.  part  of  Comwallis  Land,  in 
ke  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  74°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  96°  50'  W. 
I  Cape  Al'bert,  in  the  E.  part  of  EUesmere  Land,  on 
nith's  Sound.    Lat.  79°  20'  N.;  Ion.  78°  W. 
Cape  Alexan'der,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Canada,  at  the 
entrance  of  Dease  Strait.   Lat.  68°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  45'  W. 
Cape  Al'fred,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Victoria  Land,  on 
Victoria  Strait.     Lat.  69°  40'  N.;  Ion.  101°  20'  W. 

Cape  Alice,  il'iss,  on  the  coast  of  Calabria,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto.     Lat.  39°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  16'  E. 

Cape  Am'ber(Ambre,  Am'b^r,  or  Am'bro),  the  N. 

extremity  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  11°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  19'  E. 

Cape  Ambriz,  &m-breez',  on  the  coast  of  Angola, 

West  Africa.     Lat.  8°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  13°  10'  E. 

Cape  Anamoor  (or  Anamoar),  &-n&-moor',  a  head- 

'  land  of  Asia  Minor.     Lat.  36°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  50'  E. 

Cape  An'derson,  the  E.  point  of  the  island  of  St. 
Lawrence,  at  the  eptranoe  of  Behring  Strait.  Lat.  63°  N. : 
Ion.  168°  30'  W. 

Cape  Angailla,  an-gwil'l^,  on  the  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lat.  47°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  17'  W. 

Cape  Aniva,  4'ne-va',  on  the  S.  coast  of  Saghalin,  E. 
of  the  Bay  of  Aniva.     Lat.  46°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  144°  20'  E. 

Cape  Ann,  the  E.  extremity  of  Essex  oo.,  Mass.,  31 
miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Boston.  Thatcher's  Island,  about  2 
miles  E.  of  the  southern  point,  forms  the  northern  limit  of 
Massachusetts  Bay.  On  it  are  2  fixed  lights,  about  a  third 
of  a  mile  apart,  and  90  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat. 
42°  38'  18"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  34'  42"  W.  On  this  promontory 
•r«  the  towns  of  Gloucester  and  Rookport, 


Cape  Anne,  the  N.W  extremity  of  North  Somerset,  at 
the  entrance  of  Peel  Sound.     Lat.  74°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  W. 

Cape  Apollonia,  ap-ol-lo'ne-%,  written  also  Appo* 
lo'nia,  in  Africa,  on  tne  coast  of  Guinea.  Lat.  4°  58' 
45"  N.;  Ion.  2°  35'  5"  W. 

Cape  Apsheron,  &p^she-r&n'  (or  Abcheran),  in  the 
E.  part  of  Georgia,  on  the  Caspian  Sea.  Lat.  40°  32'  N. ; 
Ion.  50°  12'  E. 

Cape  Ar'ago,  formerly  Cape  Greg'ory;  Oregon,  is 
on  the  Pacific,  in  Coos  co.,  lat.  43°  21'  N.,  Ion.  124°  20'  W. 
Cape  Arago  light  is  on  an  island  joined  to  the  cape  by  a 
bridge. 

Cape  Armi,  aR'mee  (It.  Gapo  dell'  Armi,  k&'po  dill 
aR'mee),  a  headland  of  Italy,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Calabria 
Lat.  37°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  40'  E. 

Cape  Arn'hem,  in  Australia,  the  N.W.  point  of  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria.     Lat.  12°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  137°  E. 

Cape  Ar'rowsmith,  a  headland  of  Australia,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Lat.  13°  15'  S. ;  Ion, 
136°  32'  E. 

Cape  Arruba  (orArubah),  ar'roo-bi,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Persia.     Lat.  25°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  30'  E. 

Cape  Baba,  b&'b&,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Anatolia.  Lat. 
39°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  26°  4'  E. 

Cape  Bab-el-Mandeb,  b&b-el-m&n'ddb  (formerly 
Jebel-Manhali,  jfib'^l-min^hi^lee'),  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  is  a  conical,  basaltic  rock,  865  feet 
in  height.  Lat.  12°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  32'  E.  Soundings  in 
North  Strait,  8,  12,  and  16  fathoms ;  Centre  Strait,  178  and 
186  fathoms.  The  passage  of  North  Strait,  in  ordinary 
weather,  is  generally  preferred.     See  Bab-el-Makbeb. 

Cape  Bainetta,  bi-n&t't&,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hayti, 
near  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Cape  Bajadore.    See  Cape  Bojador. 

Cape  Banks,  in  Eastern  Australia,  at  the  N.  entrance 
to  Botany  Bay. 

Cape  Barbas,  ban'b&s,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  22°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  40'  W. 

Cape  (or  Ras)  Bardistan,  baR^dis-t&n',  on  the  coaat 
of  Persia,  in  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Cape  Barflear,  baR^fiiuR',  on  the  coast  of  France,  18 
miles  E.  of  Cherbourg.  On  it  is  a  granite  light-house,  271 
feet  above  the  sea.     Lat.  49°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  16'  W. 

Cape  Ba'ring,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wollaston  Land,  at 
the  entrance  of  Russell  Gulf.     Lat.  70°  N. ;  Ion.  117°  20'  W. 

Cape  Bar'row,  in  the  N.  part  of  British  America,  on 
the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  111°  W. 

Cape  Bath'nrst,  in  British  America,  on  the  Arctio 
Ocean.     Lat.  70°  3»'  N. ;  Ion.  127°  30'  W. 

Cape  B6arn,bi^aR',  a  promontory  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Lat. 
42°  31'  N.;  Ion.  3°  7'  30"  E.  Its  summit  is  Mount  B^am, 
on  which  is  a  light-house  761  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cape  Beata,  b&-&'t&,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hayti.  Lat. 
17°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  20'  W. 

Cape  Beaufort,  bS'fgrt,  a  headland  of  Alaska.  Lat. 
69°  N. ;  Ion.  163°  W. 

Cape  Berkeley,  b^rk'le,  the  N.W.  point  of  Prince 
of  Wales  Land.     Lat.  about  74°  N. ;  Ion.  102°  W. 

Cape  Bianco,  be-&n'ko  {i.e.,  "White"  Cape),  on  the 
S.  coa^t  of  Sicily.     Lat.  35°  28'  N.;  Ion.  13°  15'  E. 

Cape  Bianco,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Corsica,  a  little  W. 
of  Cape  Corso.     Lat.  42°  58'  N.;  Ion.  9°  18'  E. 

Cape  Bianco,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Corfu.  Lat.  39°  20' 
N.;  Ion.  20°  10'  E. 

Cape  Bianco,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Cyprus 
Lat.  34°  20'  N.;  Ion.  32°  41'  E. 

Cape  Bird,  the  S.  extremity  of  North  Somerset,  on 
Victoria  Strait.     Lat.  71°  63'  N.;  Ion.  96°  W. 

Cape  Bis'marck,  a  promontory  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Greenland,     iat.  76°  40'  N.  j  Ion.  17°  10'  W. 

Cape  Blanco,  bl&n'ko  {i.e.,  "White"  Cape),  a  name 
applied  to  many  headlands,  of  which  the  following  are  some 
of  the  most  important : 

Cape  Blanco,  a  headland  of  Syria,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean,     Lat.  33°  12'  N.;  Ion.  35°  10'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coast  of  Anatolia,  in  the  Medi- 
terranean.    Lat.  38°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  26°  18'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis.  Lat.  37°  20' 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  50'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Majorca. 
Lat.  39°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  52'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  in  the  W.  part  of  Sahara,  Africa,  on  the 
Atlantic.  Lat.  20°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  58'  W.  It  is,  next  to 
Cape  Verd,  the  westernmost  point  of  Africa. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco.  Lat.  33* 
6'  N. :  Ion.  8°  40'  W. 


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Cape  Blanco  (or  Or'ford),  a  lofty  headland,  the 
westernmost  point  of  Oregon,  in  Curry  co.  Lat.  42°  60'  N.; 
Ion.  about  124°  32'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat.  4°  19'  S,; 
Ion.  81°  W. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coast  of  Costa  Rica,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  about  9°  20'  N.;  Ion.  86°  6'  W. 

Cape  Blanco,  or  Cape  San  Jorge,  s&n  HOR'hd.,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia.     Lat.  47°  S. ;  Ion.  66°  W. 

Cape  Blanco  de  Santa  Maria,  bl&n'ko  di.  sSn't^ 
mi-ree'i,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lower  California.  Lat.  29° 
28'  N. ;  Ion,  115°  20'  W. 

Cape  Boeo,  bo-i'o  (anc.  Lilyh«'um  Promonto'rium), 
the  W.  point  of  Sicily,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Marsala.  Lat. 
37°  48'  10"  N.;  Ion.  12°  25'  10"  E.  This  cape,  being  the 
point  of  Sicily  nearest  to  ancient  Carthage,  early  became  a 
naval  station,  and  near  it  was  fought  a  naval  battle  between 
the  Romans  and  Carthaginians,  241  B.C.,  when  the  victory 
gained  by  the  former  put  an  end  to  the  first  Punic  War. 

Cape  Bojador,  boj-a-dor',  or  Boxeador,  bo-Hi-i- 
d5R',  in  the  island  of  Luzon,  20  miles  from  its  N.  extremity, 
in  about  lat.  18°  32'  N.,  Ion.  120°  39'  E. 

Cape  Bojador,  boj-a-d5r'  (Port.  pron.  bozh-i-doR'), 
a  bold  headland  of  Western  Africa,  the  termination  of  a 
range  of  the  Atlas  Mountains,  in  lat.  26°  7'  N.,  Ion.  14°  29' 
W.    For  False  Cape  Bojador,  see  Cape  False. 

Cape  Bolinao,  bo-lin-i'o,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Luzon. 
Lat.  about  16°  27'  N.;  Ion.  119°  30'  E. 

Cape  Bolt'head,  England,  a  southern  point  of  the 
county  of  Devon.     Lat.  50°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  49'  W. 

Cape  Bo'lus  Head,  Ireland,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
entrance  into  Ballinaskelligs  Bay.     Lat.  51°  48'  N. 

Cape  Bon,  or  Ras- Adder,  ris-id'der,  the  northern- 
most point  of  Africa,  on  the  Mediterranean,  58  miles  N.E. 
of  Tunis.     Lat.  37°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  53'  B. 

Cape  Bonavis'ta,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
forming  the  S.E.  limit  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lat. 
48°  42'  N. :  Ion.  53°  8'  W. 

Cape  Borak,  Celebes.    See  Boolekomba  Point. 

Cape  Boruca,  bo-roo'ki,  on  the  Pacific,  near  the 
boundary  between  Costa  Rica  and  the  United  States  of 
Colombia.     Lat.  8°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  55'  W. 

Cape  Bougainville,  boo'g8,N»Veer  or  boo^gan-vill', 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  N.E.  of  Admiralty  Gulf. 
Lat.  13°  52'  S.;  Ion.  126°  12'  E. 

Cape  Bougainville,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Tasmania,  forming  the  W.  entrance  to  Oyster  Bay.  Lat.  42° 
30'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  E. 

Cape  Bourbon,  boor'bpn,  the  S.W.  point  of  Kerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  49°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  35'  E. 

Cape  Bowden,bo'd?n,intheW.partof  North  Devon, 
on  Wellington  Channel.     Lat.  75°  N. ;  Ion.  92°  15'  W. 

Cape  Boxeador,  in  Luzon.    See  Cape  Bojador. 

Cape  Breton,  brit'ton  or  brit'iin,  a  county  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  2022  square  miles,  a 
large  part  of  which  is  covered  with  beds  of  coal.  Capital, 
Sydney.     Pop.  26,454. 

Cape  Breton,  an  island  at  the  eastern  extremity  of 
Nova  Scotia,  mostly  between  lat.  45°  and  47°  5'  N.  a,pd  Ion. 
60°  and  61°  30'  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
the  narrow  Gut  of  Canso.  Extreme  length  from  north  to 
eouth,  100  miles;  extreme  breadth,  85  miles;  area,  3120 
square  miles.  The  first  settlement  in  this  island  (which 
was  united  under  the  same  government  with  Nova  Scotia 
in  1819)  was  made  in  1712  by  the  French,  who  fortified 
Louisburg.  In  1745  the  English  captured  Louisburg.  By 
the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  1748,  Cape  Breton  was 
restored  to  France,  but  it  was  soon  after  finally  attached 
to  the  British  possessions.  The  island  is  very  irregularly 
shaped,  and  is  greatly  indented  with  bays.  An  inlet,  called 
Bras  d'  Or,  entering  Cape  Breton  on  the  east,  renders  every 

Eart  of  its  interior  accessible  by  water ;  and  a  ship-canal, 
alf  a  mile  in  length,  from  the  Bras  d'Or  to  St.  Peter's  Bay, 
now  bisects  the  island.  The  two  divisions  thus  created  are 
in  striking  contrast,  the  northern  portion  being  high,  bold, 
and  steep,  while  the  south  is  low,  intersected  by  numerous 
inlets,  and  diversified  with  moderate  elevations.  The  north- 
ern division,  at  its  termination  in  North  Cape,  rises  to  the 
height  of  1800  feet.  The  Bras  d'Or  Lake  is  50  miles  in 
length  and  20  miles  in  breadth ;  its  depth  of  water  varies 
from  12  to  60  fathoms,  and  it  is  very  secure  and  navigable. 
The  climate  is  not  so  rigorous  as  that  on  the  adjoining  con- 
tinent. Maize  and  other  grains  are  raised,  but  the  corn 
produced  is  insuflScient  for  home  consumption.  Marble, 
granite,  limestone,  primitive  slates,  gypsum,  salt,  and  coal 
*r«  found,  the  latter  in  abundance  and  of  a  superior  quality. 


The  coal  deposits  of  Cape  Breton  occupy  not  less  than  120 
square  miles.  Short  railways  connect  the  coal-mines»with 
the  port  of  Sydney.  There  are  also  rich  deposits  of  iron 
ore.  Cape  Breton  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  fisheries. 
The  forests  furnish  large  quantities  of  excellent  ship-tim- 
ber, and  ship-building  constitutes  an  important  and  lucra- 
tive business. 

Cape  Breton  is  divided  into  4  counties, — Richmond,  In- 
verness, Victoria,  and  Cape  Breton, — and  sends  eight 
members  to  the  Provincial  Legislature,  and  five  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in  1891,  86,794.  A  headland 
on  the  east  coast  of  the  island  is  called  Cape  Breton. 

Cape  Brett,  brit,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zealand, 
forming  the  N.E.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Islands.  Lat.  35°  10' 
S.,-  Ion.  174°  22'  E. 

Cape  Broyle,  broil,  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  the 
district  of  Ferryland,  Newfoundland,  on  the  strait  shore,  38 
miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  466. 

Cape  BQl'len,the  southernmost  point  of  North  Devon, 
in  Lancaster  Sound.     Lat.  74°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  W. 

Cape  Burela,  boo-ri'li,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Galicia,  in  Spain,  extending  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Cape  Buzo,  bood'zo  {a,nc.  PromoiUorium  Gorycumf), 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Crete.  Lat.  about  35** 
38'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  35'  E. 

Cape  By'am  Mar'tin,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Cook- 
burn  Land.     Lat.  73°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  W. 

Cape  Cabaleria  (or  Cavaleria),  k4-vi-li-ree'i,  a 
promontory  on  the  N.  coast  of  Minorca.  Lat.  40°  5'  N.: 
Ion.  4°  12'  E. 

Cape  Cabron,  ki-brSn',  the  N.E.  point  of  the  penin- 
sula  or  island  of  Sailiana,  in  the  West  Indies. 

Cape  Caccia,  k&t'chi,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  IS 
miles  from  Alghero. 

Cape  Caglia,  Greece.    See  Cape  Matapan. 

Cape  Calvi,  k&l'vee,  a  high  barren  mountain  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Corsica.     Lat.  42°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  42'  E. 

Cape  Camaron,  k4-mi-r5n',  on  the  N.  coast  of  Hon- 
duras.    Lat.  16°  N. ;  Ion.  85°  W. 

Cape  Cambodia,  kim-bo'de-a,  the  S.  extremity  of 
Cambodia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam. 

Cape  Cam^eroons'  (or  Camarones,  ki-mi-ro'nSs), 
on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  is  an  island  in  the  estuary  of  the 
river  of  the  same  name,  near  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  9°  40'  E.  It 
was  named  by  the  Portuguese  from  the  vast  quantity  of 
shrimps  {camarones)  taken  in  the  adjacent  sea. 

Cape  Campanella,  k&m-pi-nil'li,  a  headland  of  Italy, 
20  miles  S.  of  Naples,  opposite  the  island  of  Capri ;  it  boundi 
the  Gulf  of  Naples  on  the  S.E. 

Cape  Campbell,  kam'§l,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand.     Lat.  41°  42'  S. :  Ion.  174°  25'  E. 

Cape  Canav'eral,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida,  135  milei 
S.E.  by  S.  of  St.  Augustine.  The  light  is  a  revolving  one 
Lat.  28°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  33'  W. 

Cape  Candy,  kan'dee,  a  headland  of  the  island  of 
Celebes,  on  the  N.  coast. 

Cape  Canso  (Cansean),  kan'sS,  the  E.  extremity 
of  Nova  Scotia  (mainland).     Lat.  45°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  VV. 

Cape  Cantin,  k3,n-teen',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco, 
extending  into  the  Atlantic.    Lat.  32°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  12'  W. 

Cape  Cap'el,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Bathurst  Land,  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  75°  N. ;  Ion.  98°  W. 

Cape  Cap'ricorn,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  23°  18'  S.;  Ion.  151°  43'  E. 

Cape  Carbonaro,  kar-bo-ni'ro,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lat.  39°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  35'  E. 

Cape  Carthage,  kar'thij,  a  promontory  of  Africa,  in 
the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  52'  22"  N. ,-  Ion.  10°  21'  49"  E. 
Traces  of  the  celebrated  city  of  Carthage  are  found  on  the 
promontory  north  of  the  lagoon  of  Tunis. 

Cape  Carvoeiro,  kaR-vo-i'e-ro,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Portugal.     Lat.  39°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  27'  W. 

Cape  Carvoeiro,  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of  Por- 
tugal.    Lat.  37°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  26'  W. 

Cape  Cataln&a  (or  Catalngna),  k&-ti-loon'y&,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  Majorca.     Lat.  39°  55'  N.;  Ion.  3°  13'  E. 

Cape  Catharine,  kath'a-rin,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  about  2°  S. 

Cape  Catoche,  ki-to'chi,  a  headland  forming  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  Yucatan.  Lat.  21°  36'  N.;  Ion.  87°  6' 
W.  This  is  the  point  where  the  Spaniards  first  landed  on 
the  American  continent,  and  within  6  miles  of  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  authority  of  Bemal  Diaz,  they  saw  a  large 
town,  which  they  named  Grand  Cairo. 

Cape  Cavaleria.    See  Cape  Cabaleria. 

CapeCavaliere,ki-va,-le-i'ri,  on  the  Mediterranean 
coast  of  Turkey.     Lat.  36°  7'  30"  N.  j  Ion.  33°  43'  42"  E 


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Cape  Caval'lo  (It.  Capo  di  Gavallo,  ki'po  dee  ki-vil'- 
Jo,  or   Goda  di   Volpe,   ko'di  dee  vol'pi;  anc.  Gse'nyg),  a 

Eromontory  of  Italy,  extending  into  the  Straits  of  Messina. 
,at.  38°  U'  N.;  Ion.  15°  42'  E. 

Cape  Caxines,  ki-nee'nSs,  or  Ras-Aconada^  ris- 
i-ko-n&'di,  written  also  Aconatter,  a  promontory  which 
forms  the  W.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Algiers.  Lat.  36°  50'  N. ; 
Ion.  3°  E. 

iCape  Cebera  (or  Cevera),  s4-vi'ri,  on  the  coast  of 
Catalonia,  being  the  most  northeasterly  land  in  Spain. 
Lat.  42°  26'  N.;  Ion.  3°  10'  E. 
Cape  Cebera  (or  Cevera),  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Valencia.  Lat.  37°  58'  N.;  Ion.  0°  46'  E. 
Hpape  Chapeau  Rouge,  shi^po'  roozh,  a  headland  in 
Koentia  Bay,  Newfoundland.  It  is  rugged  and  precipi- 
Jms,  rising  to  a  height  of  about  800  feet. 

Cape  Charles,  the  southern  point  of  Northampton 
00.,  Va.,  at  the  entrance  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  25  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Norfolk.  The  light-house  is  N.E.  from  Cape  Charles,  on 
Smith's  Island.  Lat.  37°  3'  N,  Cape  Charles  village,  the 
terminus  of  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  &  Norfolk  Rail- 
road, is  220  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia.    Pop.  about  600. 

Cape  Charles,  the  E.  point  of  the  coast  of  Labrador, 
•at  the  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle.    Lat.  52°  15'  N. 
Cape  Chatham,  chat'am,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  35°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  116°  35'  E. 

Cape  Chelagskoy,  che-lig^skoi',  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Siberia.     Lat.  70°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  30'  E. 

Cape  Chelyuskin.  See  Chelyuskin  Peninsula,  and 
3ape  Severo-Vostochnoi. 

Cape  Chid'ley  (or  Chudleigb,  chiid'lee),  a  head- 
land on  the   N.  coast  of  Labrador,  at  the  entrance   of 
Hudson  Strait.     Lat.  60°  12'  N.;  Ion.  65°  25'  W. 
Cape  Chignecto,  shig-nfik'to,  written  also  Chigni- 

I^n,  a  headland  of  Nora  Scotia,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay 
fcundy.     Lat.  45°  24'  N, ;  Ion.  64°  37'  W. 
^Eape  Church'ill,  a  headland  on  the  western  shore 
^Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  58°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  12'  "W, 
Hbape  Clar'ence,  a  headland  at  the  northern  extremity 
Kones  Sound.     Lat.  76°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  45'  W. 
Jpape  Clarence,  the  N.W.  point  of  North  Somerset, 
V^he  entrance  of  Barrow  Strait.     Lat.  73°  50'  N.;  Ion. 
)0°  10'  W. 

Cape  Clear,  the  most  southern  headland  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  of  Cork,  on  an  island  having  a  light-house  on 
va  abrupt  cliff,  455  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  51°  26'  N. ; 
on.  9°  29'  W. 

Cape  Cleve'land,  a  headland  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
iustralia,  in  lat.  19°  10'  10"  S.,  Ion.  146°  57'  56"  E. 

ape  Coadera,  ko-&-di'r&,  a  headland  of  Venezuela. 
10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  66°  10'  W. 

ape  Coast  Castle,  or  Ca'bo  Cor'so,  a  town  of 
ibe  Gold  Coast  colony,  British  West  Africa,  partly  built  on 
I  low  rocky  cape.  Lat.  5°  5'  25"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  13'  38"  W. 
There  are  four  or  more  forts  and  a  light-house.  Most  of  the 
native  houses  are  very  mean  and  filthy ;  but  there  are  good 
])nblic  and  other  buildings.  The  town  has  a  large  trade  in 
palm  oil,  Ac.     Pop.  10,000. 

Cape  Cockburn,  ko'bum,  a  headland  in  the  northern 
part  of  British  America.     Lat.  68°  50'  N.;  Ion.  115°  W. 

Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts,  is  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and 
is  nearly  coextensive  with  Barnstable  co.  The  term  is 
usually  applied  to  a  long,  narrow,  sandy  peninsula  which 
extends  between  the  ocean  and  Cape  Cod  Bay  and  has  a 
form  somewhat  like  a  letter  L  or  a  bended  human  arm. 
This  peninsula  is  about  65  miles  long,  and  extends  first 
eastward,  then  northward,  and  finally  curves  towards  the 
W.  On  its  extremity,  called  Race  Point,  is  a  revolving 
light,  155  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  42°  3'  40"  N.,  Ion.  70° 
14'  48"  W.  Cape  Cod  contains  Yarmouth,  Barnstable, 
Truro,  Provincetown,  Hyannis,  and  Harwich.  Province- 
town  is  on  the  extreme  point  of  the  peninsula,  116  miles  by 
rail  and  50  miles  by  steamer  E.S.E.  of  Boston. 

Cape  Colborue,  kSl'biirn,  is  in  the  S.  of  Victoria 
Land,  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  50'  N.;  Ion.  105°  10'  W. 

Cape  Colouna,  ko-lon'ni  (i.e.,  "  column ;"  anc.  jSu'- 
uium  Promonto'rium),  the  most  southern  point  of  Attica, 
Greece.  Lat.  37°  38'  32"  N. ;  Ion.  24°  1'  45"  E.  Its  sum- 
mit is  crowned  by  the  ruins  of  a  temple,  269  feet  above  the 
sea,  of  which  16  columns  of  white  marble  are  still  standing, 
whence  the  name  of  the  cape. 

Cape  Colonni,  ko-lon'nee,  the  southern  point  of  the 
island  of  Samos.     Lat.  37°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  26°  48'  E. 

Cape  Colony,  officially  called  The  Colony  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  a  colony  of  Great  Britain,  form- 
ing the  southernmost  part  of  the  continent  of  Africa.  Area 
of  oolonv  proper,  199,406  square  miles.     It  is  divided  into 


an  eastern  and  a  western  division.  Besides  the  above 
there  are  several  extensive  and  irregular  outlying  divisions, 
such  as  Transkei  (including  Fingoland),  Griqualand  West, 
Griqualand  East,  Tembuland,  the  St.  John's  River  Terri- 
tory, etc.,  giving  the  colony  an  area,  as  estimated  in 
1891,  of  221,311  square  miles,  exclusive  of  the  districta 
of  Basutoland,  Stellafand,  Pondoland,  and  other  regions  to 
the  north,  which  are  protectorates,  rather  than  parts  of 
the  colony.  The  Transvaal,  now  the  South  African  Re- 
public, is  independent  of  the  Cape  Colony.  The  Cape 
region,  settled  by  the  Dutch  in  1652,  passed  in  1806 
into  British  possession.  Its  white  inhabitants  are  mainly 
of  Dutch  descent,  but  many  English,  Germans,  and  French 
have  settled  here.  The  natives  (Hottentots,  Bushmen,  Kaf- 
fres,  Negroes,  and  Bechuanas)  are  a  majority.  There  are  also 
many  people  of  Malay  and  mixed  descent.  The  country  is 
of  diversified  aspect,  and  is  fertile,  except  where  droughts 
prevail :  these,  however,  are  common,  and  in  the  far  north 
give  the  land  a  desert  character.  Thorny  shrubs,  heaths, 
and  bulbous  flowering  plants  abound,  and  constitute  a 
marked  feature  of  the  vegetation.  The  climate,  especially 
southward,  is  generally  agreeable. 

Among  the  native  animals  are  lions,  buffaloes,  antelopes 
of  many  species,  the  giraffe,  the  zebra,  the  quagga,  the 
dauw,  the  hyrax,  the  elephant,  the  rhinoceros,  the  hip- 
popotamus, the  ostrich  (now  largely  bred  for  its  plumes), 
and  the  secretary-bird ;  but  many  of  these  are  now  rare. 

The  sovereign  of  Great  Britain  appoints  the  governor  of 
this  colony,  and  has  a  veto  on  its  legislation.  The  govern- 
ment is  otherwise  purely  representative.  Cumulative  voting 
is  allowed  at  elections.  The  Roman  or  civil  law  is  in  force. 
Much  has  latterly  been  done  towards  developing  the  re- 
sources of  the  country  by  railways  and  telegraphs,  and 
schools  and  colleges  have  been  established  on  a  liberal  scale. 
Thus  far  the  leading  pursuits  are  agricultural,  pastoral, 
and  mercantile.  Wool  is  the  great  staple  at  present.  Some 
of  the  Cape  wines  are  of  the  highest  excellence.  Other  staple 
exports  are  aloes,  copper  ore,  diamonds  (from  Griqualand 
and  the  Transvaal),  grain,  cotton,  ostrich  plumes,  dried  fish, 
mohair,  hides,  dried  fruit,  skins,  and  ivory.  Capital,  Cape 
Town.  Pop.  of  colony  proper  in  1881,  811,450;  in  1891, 
956,485.     Pop.  of  the  whole  territory  in  1891,  1,527,224. 

Cape  Colville,kol'vil,  a  headland  of  New  Zealand,  at 
the  N.E.  entrance  of  the  river  Thames.  Lat.  36°  26'  S. ; 
Ion.  175°  20'  E. 

Cape  Com'bermere,  in  Ellesmere  Land,  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  77°  5'  N.;  Ion.  75°  45'  W. 

Cape  Comfort,  kiim'f^rt,  a  headland  of  Southampton 
Island,  on  Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  64°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  30'  W. 

Cape  Com'orin,^;he  southern  extremity  of  India,  in 
the  Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  8°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  30'  E. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Concep'tion,  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.    Lat.  34°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  25'  Vf. 

Cape  Cormachitti.     See  Cape  Khromachitti. 

Cape  Corn'wall,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast  cf 
Cornwall,  England,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Land's  End. 

Cape  Corrientes,  kon-He-fin'tfis,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  23°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  35°  40'  E. 

Cape  Corrientes,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Mexico.  Lat 
20°  22'  N. .;  Ion.  105°  35'  W. 

Cape  Corrientes,  koR-ne-fin'tSs,  South  America,  on 
the  Pacific  coast  of  the  republic  of  Colombia.  Lat.  5*  60' 
N. ;  Ion.  77°  15'  W. 

Cape  Corrientes,  a  headland  near  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Cuba.     Lat.  21°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  30'  W. 

Cape  Corrubedo,  koR-Roo-B&'oo,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Galicia,  Spain.     Lat.  42°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  6'  W. 

Cape  Corso,  koR'so  (anc.  Promonto'rium  Sa'erum), 
forms  the  N.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Corsica. 

Cape  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Ga8p6  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  from  Perc6.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  Cove,  a  small  village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
near  Cape  St.  Mary,  18  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  120, 

Cape  CraAv'tord,  in  the  N.  part  of  Cockburn  Land, 
at  the  entrance  of  Admiralty  Inlet.  Lat.  73°  45'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  W. 

Cape  Creux,  kruh  (L.  Promonto'rium  Gru'cia;  Sp. 
Gaho  de  Oreua,  k4'Bo  dk  kri'ooce),  the  most  E.  point  of 
Spain,  forming  the  W.  limit  of  the  Gulf  of  Lyons. 

Cape  Crillon,  kril-lon',  the  most  S.  point  of  the  island 
of  SaghaUn,  on  the  Strait  of  La  P6rouse.  Lat.  45°  64'  12" 
N.;  Ion.  141°  68' E. 

Cape  Crio.    See  Cape  Erio. 

Cape  Cruz,  krooce,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba.  Lat.  19* 
47'  N, ;  Ion.  77°  42'  W. 

Cape  Cullerd,  kool-yi'r&,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Spain. 
Lat.  39°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  20'  41"  W 


CAP 


788 


CAP 


Cape  Dall,  d&ll,  a  headland  of  Alaska.  Lat.  61°  22' 
N.;  Ion.  166°  24'  W. 

Cape  da  Roca,  Portugal.    See  Cafe  Koca. 

Cape  Dartuch,  daR-took',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Minorca. 
Lat.  39°  56'  N.;  Ion.  3°  45'  E. 

Cape  Delgado,  dfil-gi'do,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa, 
Quiloa,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,     Lat.  10°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  41°  E. 

Cape  Deme'trius,  a  headland  of  Thessaly,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Salonica.     Lat.  39°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  20'  E. 

Cape  Denbigh,  dSn'bee,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Alaska, 
the  extremity  of  a  peninsula  in  Norton  Sound.  Lat.  64° 
17'  N.,-  Ion.  161°  53'  W. 

Cape  Deseada,  di-s4-i'di  (or  Desire),  on  theS.W. 
coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan from  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 

Cape  D6sespoir,  di^s&^pwaR',  a  bold  promontory  at 
the  northeast  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  6asp4  co., 
Quebec.     A  light-house  has  been  erected  on  this  cape. 

Cape  Desire',  the  E.  extremity  of  Nova  Zembla.  Lat. 
76°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  E. 

Cape  Desola'tion,  Greenland,  is  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Nunar-Soak  Island.     Lat.  61°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  10'  W. 

Cape  Desolation,  a  headland  of  Terra  del  Faego, 
on  one  of  its  W.  islands.  Lat.  65°  46'  40"  S. ;  Ion.  71°  37' 
10"  W. 

Cape  de  Yerd  Islands.    See  Cape  Verd. 

Cape  Diamond,  di'm^nd,  the  extremity  of  a  promon- 
tory of  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Charles  with  the 
St.  Lawrence,  rises  abruptly  333  feet  above  the  river.  On 
this  promontory  stands  the  citadel  of  Quebec.  On  the  W., 
and  nearly  on  a  level  with  the  ramparts,  are  the  plains  of 
Abraham,  where,  in  1765,  the  English,  under  Wolfe,  gained 
a  signal  victory  over  the  French,  under  Montcalm,  in  which 
engagement  both  the  commanders  were  slain. 

Cape  Digby,  dig'bee,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Kerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  49°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  34'  E. 

Cape  Diggs,  in  British  America,  on  the  channel  lead- 
ing from  Hudson's  Bay  to  Hudson's  Strait.  Lat.  about  62° 
45'  N. .:  Ion,  79°  W. 

Cape  Direc'tion,  a  cape  on  the  N,E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  York  Peninsula.     Lat.  12°  61'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  33'  E. 

Cape  Direction,  a  cape  of  Tasmania,  forming  the  E. 
entrance  to  the  Derwent.     Lat.  43°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  34'  E. 

Cape  Disappointment,  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Wash- 
ington Territory,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River. 

Cape  Disappointment,  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  South  Georgia,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Cape  Dis'cord,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greenland.  Lat. 
61°  10'  N. :  Ion.  44°  30'  W. 

Cape  Domesne  or  Domesnes,  do-main',  a  head- 
land of  Russia,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Livonia,  S.  of 
the  island  of  Oesel.     Lat.  57°  46'  N. 

Cape  Don'da,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cele- 
bes.    Lat.  0°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  57'  E. 

Cape  Donna  Maria,  don'n&  m&-ree'&,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Hayti.     Lat.  18°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  27'  W. 

Cape  Doro,  do'ro  (It.  Oapo  d'Oro,  ki'po  do'ro;  anc. 
Caphareua),  a  rocky  and  dangerous  coast  at  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Negropont.     Lat.  38°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  36'  E. 

Cape  Drepano,  dr5p'4-no,  or  Drepani,  dr5p'4-ne, 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  Longos  Peninsula,  in  the  JSgean  Sea. 
Lat.  39°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  2'  E. 

Cape  Drom'edary,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Australia,  is 
in  lat.  36°  18'  S.,  Ion.  150°  14'  E. 

Cape  Ducato,  doo-k&'to,  the  S.  extremity  of  Santa 
Maura,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands.  Lat.  38°  33'  30"  N. ; 
Ion.  20°  32'  45"  E.  It  is  the  ancient  promontory  of  Leu- 
cadia.  The  poetess  Sappho  is  said  to  have  thrown  herself 
from  the  top  of  this  promontory. 

Cape  Dudley  Diggs,  a  promontory  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Greenland,     Lat.  76°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  7'  W. 

Cape  Dundas,  dun-dass',  the  N.  extremity  of  Prince 
of  Wales  Land,  at  the  W.  entrance  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat. 
74°  N.;  Ion.  100°  W. 

Cape  Dunglison,  diing'gli-s^n,  projecting  from  Grin- 
nell  Land  into  Smith  Sound.  Lat.  78°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  6' 
W.     Named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Dunglison  of  Philadelphia. 

Cape  Dyer,  di'?r,  in  the  W.  part  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Land,  at  the  entrance  of  Ommaney  Bay.  Lat.  73°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  101°  30'  W. 

Cape  East,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lat.  15° 
8'  S.;  Ion.  50°  25'  E. 

Cape  East,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  Wai  Apoo. 

Cape  Eg'mont,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Egmont  Bay.  Lat.  46°  28'  N.; 
Ion.  64°  10'  W. 

Cape  Eliz'abeth,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 


including  a  suburb  of  Portland,  is  on  the  sea,  and  on  the 
Boston  &  Maine,  Portland  &  Ogdensburg,  and  Portsmouth, 
Sftco  &  Portland  Railroads,  1  mile  S.  of  Portland.  It  has  a' 
state  reform  school,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  dry  dock 
a  weekly  newspaper  oflBce,  and  important  manufactures, 
including  lead-works,  oil-refineries,  and  rolling-mills.  Pop. 
5459.  The  cape  which  gives  name  to  the  township  has  2 
light-houses.  The  township  contains  Knightsville,  Lygo- 
nia,  South  Portland,  and  Pleasantdale.  A  ferry  and  two 
free  bridges  connect  it  with  Portland. 

Cape  Elizabeth  is  the  N.  extremity  of  Saghalin 
island,  in  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  Lat.  54°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  142° 
47'  E. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  Alaska,  is  E.  of  the  entrance  to  Cook 
Inlet.     Lat.  59°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  151°  3'  W. 

Cape  Elizabeth  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  in  Cape  Elizabeth  township, 
on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Cape  Emineh,  Sm'ee^nfih,  in  the  E.  part  of  Eastern 
Roumelia,  forming  the  termination  of  the  Balkans,  on  the 
Black  Sea.     Lat.  42°  40'  N.;  Ion.  27°  65'  E. 

Cape  Engano,  fin-gin'yo  (i.e.,  "dec^tion"),  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Hayti.     Lat.  18°  35'  N.;  Ion.  68°  20'  W. 

Cape  Engaiio,  en-gin'yo,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Luzon,  in  lat.  18°  40'  N.,  Ion.  122°  20'  E. 

Cape  Enrage,  dua^ri^zh^',  a  headland  on  Cbignecto 
Bay,  New  Brunswick.  Lat.  45°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  56'  W.  It 
has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Espartel.    See  Cape  Spartel. 

Cape  E8pichel,&-pe-shdl'  (anc.  Barha'rium  Promon- 
to'rium  t),  a  promontory  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal,  21  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lisbon.  Lat.  38°  25'  N. ;  Ion,  9°  13'  W.  It  is 
orowned  by  a  small  chapel  and  a  light-house,  the  latter  617 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Espiritn  Santo,  es-plr'e-too  s&n'to,  on  the  N. 
extremity  of  Samar,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  Lat 
12°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  35'  E. 

Cape  Espiritn  Santo,  £s-plr'e-too  s&n'to,  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Strait 
of  Magellan.     Lat.  52°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  40'  W. 

Cape  Estaca,  £s-t&'k&,  the  most  N.  point  of  Spain, 
E.N.E.  of  Cape  Ortegal.     Lat.  43°  48'  N. :  Ion.  7°  38'  W, 

Cape  Eter'nity,  an  imposing  promontory,  1890  feet 
high,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  Saguenay  River,  39  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  is  a  great  attraction  to  tourists.  The 
water  near  its  base  has  been  ascertained  by  measurement 
to  be  a  thousand  feet  deep. 

Cape  Fair,  a  post-village  of  Stone  co.,  Mo.,  on  James 
River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Logan  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cape  Fairweath'er,  on  the  W.  coast  of  North  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  68°  66'  N.;  Ion.  138°  W. 

Cape  Fal'con  (It.  Falcone,  fil-ko'ni),  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Sardinia.     Lat.  41°  N.;  Ion.  8°  13'  E. 

Cape  False,  or  False  Cape  Bojador,  a  headland 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat.  26°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  12'  W. 

Cape  False,  on  the  coast  of  Honduras,  32  miles  N.W. 
of  Cape  Gracias-d-Dios.     Lat.  16°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  22'  W. 

Cape  False,  in  Africa,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sierra  Leone, 
Lat.  8°  26'  N.;  Ion.  13°  18'  W. 

Cape  False  (Fr.  Cap  Faux,  kip  fo),  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Hayti.     Lat.  17°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  40'  W. 

Cape  Fare^well',  the  S.  extremity  of  Greenland, 
bounding  the  E.  entrance  to  Davis  Strait.  Lat.  59°  49'  N,  j 
Ion.  43°  64'  W. 

Cape  Farewell,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Tavai-Poena- 
moo,  one  of  the  New  Zealand  islands.  Lat.  40°  31'  S. ;  Ion. 
172°  47'  E. 

Cape  Faro,  fi'ro  (anc,  Pelo'mm  Promonto'rium),  the 
N.E,  extremity  of  the  island  of  Sicily,  bounding,  with  the 
opposite  coast  of  Calabria  (rock  of  Scylla,  Ac),  the  narrowest 
part  of  the  Strait  of  Messina,  Lat,  of  light-house,  38°  15' 
60"  N. ;  Ion,  16°  40'  40"  E.     The  cape  is  fortified. 

Cape  Fartash,  far'tish'  (or  Fartak,  farHik'),  » 
promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia.  Lat.  16°  38'  N.; 
Ion.  52°  20'  E. 

Cape  Fear,  North  Carolina,  is  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  is  the  S.  extremity  of  Smith's  Island,  which  is  at  the 
mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River,  Here  is  a  light-house,  with  a 
light  110  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat,  33°  50'  N.,  Ion,  77°  67' 
W.     This  cape  is  the  most  southern  point  of  the  state. 

Cape  Fear,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,    P,  2285. 

Cape  Fear,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  996. 

Cape  Fear  River,  North  Carolina,  is  formed  by  th« 
Deep  and  Haw  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Haywood,  in  Chat- 


CAP 


789 


CAP 


ham  00.  It  runs  southeastward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Har- 
nett, Cumherland,  and  Bladen,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  New  Hanover  co.,  and  at  Cape  Fear. 
It  is  about  250  miles  long,  excluding  the  branches,  and  is 
the  largest  river  whose  course  is  all  in  this  state.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  it  in  all  seasons  to  Fayetteville,  about  130 
miles  from  its  mouth.  It  runs  mostly  through  a  level  and 
sandy  district. 

Cape  Ferrato,  ffiB-Ri'to,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
Ut.  about  39°  18'  N.;  Ion.  9°  40'  E. 

Cape  Fer'ro,  or  Ras-Hadid,  ris-hi-deed',  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Algeria,  being  the  E.  point  of  Storah  Bay.  Lat. 
37°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  10'  E. 

Cape  Figari,  fe-gl'ree,  is  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia, forming  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Terra  Nova. 

Cape  Finistfere,  or  Finisterre,  fin-is-taiR',  the 
most  W.  headland  of  France.  Lat,  48°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  4* 
iO'  W 

Cape  Finisterre,  or  Finistfere,  fin-is-taiR'  (Sp. 
Finistierra,  fe-nis-te-fiB'Ri  j  anc.  Promonto'rium  Ne'rium, 
Ar'tahrum,  or  Cel'ticum),  the  most  W.  headland  of  Spain,  on 
the  coast  of  GaUcia.     Lat.  42°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  16'  W. 

Cape  Fino,  fee'no,  is  on  the  ooast  of  Genoa,  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Genoa. 

Cape  Flat'tery,  a  high  promontory,  the  N.W.  ex- 
'a-emity  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington,  bounded  by  the  Strait 
of  Juan  de  Fuca  on  the  N.E.  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the 
tB.W.     Lat.  about  48°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  30'  W. 

Cape  Flin'ders,  North  America,  on  Kent  Peninsula, 
;rt  the  entrance  of  Coronation  Gulf.  Lat.  68°  15'  N.;  Ion. 
109°  15'  W. 

Cape  Flor'ida,  the  E.  point  of  Key  Biscayne,  330 
niles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Augustine,  Florida.  Lat.  of  the  light- 
louse,  25°  39'  N.;  Ion.  80°  9'  W. 

Cape  Fo'go,  a  small  fishing  settlement  on  Fogo  Island, 
Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Fogo.     Pop.  40. 

Cape  Formentor,  foB-mfin-toB',  the  N.  point  of  the 
sland  of  Majorca,  at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Pol- 
enza.    Lat.  39°  57'  N.,-  Ion.  3°  16'  E. 

Cape  Formosa,  for-mo'sa  (or  Formo'so),  on  the 
W.  ooast  of  Africa,  so  called  from  its  beautiful  appearance. 
Lat.  4°  15' N.;  Ion.  6°  10'  E. 

Cape  Foulweath'er,  a  point  of  Tillamook  oo.,  Ore- 
gon.    Lat.  about  44°  16'  N.;  Ion.  124°  5'  W. 

Cape  Fonl^wind',  on  the  W.  coast  of  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  41°  45'  S.;  Ion.  171°  30'  E. 

Cape  Fox,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anticosti  Island.  Lat. 
'19°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  10'  W. 

Cape  Fran^ais,  frfiu-^sA',  the  N.  point  of  Kerguelen 
:Ciand.    Lat.  48°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  69°  B. 

Cape  Fran9ais,  Hayti.    See  Cape  Hattien. 

Cape  Frank'lin,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Kent  Pen- 
insula, on  Dease  Strait.     Lat.  68°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  W. 

Cape  Frederick  VII.,  in  the  N.  part  of  Prudhoe 
Land,  in  Kane  Basin.     Lat.  79°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  16'  W. 

Cape  Freels,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lat. 
49°  38'  N.;  Ion.  53°  W. 

Cape  Fr6hel,  fr&^dl',  on  the  ooast  of  France,  13  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  St.-Malo.  Lat.  48°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  19'  W. 
Upon  it  is  a  revolving  light,  246  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Friend'ship,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  Bougain- 
ville Island,  in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  6°  44'  S. ;  Ion.  155°  40'  E. 

Cape  Frio,  free'o  (Port.  Gabo  Frio,  ki'bo  free'o,  i.e., 
"  Cool  Cape"),  a  promontory  on  the  ooast  of  Brazil,  80  miles 
E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  consists  of  a  huge  oval  mass  of  granite. 
Elevation,  1570  feet.  Lat.  22°  59'  9"  S.;  Ion.  41°  67'  2" 
W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Froward.    See  Aubrica. 

Cape  FuIIerton,  f551'Qr-t9n,  on  Hudson's  Bay.  Lat. 
64°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  20'  W. 

Cape  Gale'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  on 
Osage  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Linn  Creek.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Cape  Galera,  gi-li'ri,  on  the  N.W.  ooast  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia.     Lat.  11°  N. ;  Ion.  76°  20'  W. 

Cape  Galera,  gi-li'ri,  the  E.  point  of  the  island  of 
Trinidad.     Lat.  10°  45'  N.;  Ion.  60°  30'  W. 

Cape  Gallo,  gll'lo,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palermo. 

Cape  Gallo,  gil'lo  (anc.  Ac'rt(a«),  a  headland  of  Greece, 
Morea,  forming  the  S.  extremity  of  Messenia. 

Cape  Gamaley,  gk-mi-W,  a  headland  of  Japan,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  near  its  N.  extremity. 
Lat.  40°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  139°  49'  E. 

Cape  Gardafni,  in  Africa.    See  Cape  Guardafih. 

Cape  Gar'ry,  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Somerset,  British 
America,  forming  the  S.  boundary  of  Creswell  Bay.  Lat. 
72°  23'  N. :  Ion.  n°  30'  W 


Cape  Gasp6,ga8'pe  org&s-pi',  a  headland  of  Quebec, 
on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  48°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  64« 
10'  W.  At  its  E.  extremity  it  forms  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  Bay  of  Gasp6. 

Cape  Gata,  gi'ti  (Sp.  Cabo  de  Oata,  ki'Bo  di  gi'ti), 
a  promontory  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Granada,  forming 
the  E.  limit  of  the  Gulf  of  Almeria.  Formerly  this  cape 
was  a  place  of  resort  for  Moorish  corsairs  lurking  for  Span- 
ish vessels.     Lat.  36°  43'  N.;  Ion.  2°  22'  W. 

Cape  GattO,  g&t'to  (anc.  Ou'riaa  Promonto'rium  t),  a 
promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cyprus.  Lat.  34°  34'  N. ; 
Ion.  33°  8'  E. 

Cape  George,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  South 
Georgia.     Lat.  54°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  36°  32'  W. 

Cape  George,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  E.  side  of  Cape  St.  George,  on  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  20  miles  N.  of  Antigonish.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  George,  or  George'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  W.  side  of  Cape  St. 
George,  40  miles  N.E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  Ghir  (or  Gheer),  gheer,  a  headland  of  Morocco, 
on  the  Atlantic,  63  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mogadore.  Lat.  30°  37' 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  52'  E. 

Cape  Girardeau,  jee-rar-do',  a  county  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It 
IS  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Whitewater  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  oak,  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Trenton  limestone  crops 
out  in  this  county,  which  has  also  quarries  of  crystalline 
limestone  (Upper  Silurian).  This  is  called  Cape  Girardeau 
marble,  and  is  a  good  material  for  building.  The  county  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad. 
Capital,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,568;  in  1880,  20,998; 
in  1890,  22,060. 

Cape  Girardeau,  a  city  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  140  miles  below  St.  Louis, 
and  44  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  River.  It  is  the 
seat  of  St.  Vincent's  College  (Catholic),  which  was  founded 
in  1844,  and  of  the  Southeastern  Missouri  Normal  School, 
which  has  about  230  students.  One  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  city  has  2  banks,  9 
churches,  3  breweries,  4  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
foundry,  3  cigar-factories,  Ac.  Pop.  4297 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 6014.  Extensive  beds  of  pure  white  clay  are  found 
near  this  town. 

Cape  Gloucester,  glos't^r,  a  high  promontory  on  th« 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  20°  1'  S.;  Ion.  148°  26'  E. 

Cape  Golovatchef,  Golovatchev,  or  Golowa- 
tscheff,  go-lo-vi-chfif ',  a  headland  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Saghalin.     Lat.  52°  32'  N.;  Ion.  141°  64'  E. 

Cape  Good  Success',  on  the  S.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  extending  into  the  Straits  of  Le  Maire. 

Cape  Gracias-d-Dios,  gri'se-is-i-dee'oce  (t.e., 
"  Thanks  to  God"),  a  headland  on  the  Mosquito  coast,  at 
the  boundary  between  Honduras  and  Nicaragua.  Lat.  14* 
66'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  15'  W. 

Cape  Grafton,  on  the  N.E.  ooast  of  Australia,  bounds 
Trinity  Bay  on  the  S.     Lat.  16°  61'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  60'  E. 

Cape  Gregory,  a  former  name  of  Cape  Arago. 

Cape  Grey,  Missouri.    See  Cap  Au  Gris. 

Cape  Grim,  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Tasmania,  and  th« 
S.  boundary  of  the  W.  entrance  to  Bass's  Strait.  Lat.  40* 
43' S.;  Ion.  144°  42' E. 

Cape  Grim'ington,  on  the  E.  ooast  of  Labrador 
Lat.  68°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  46'  W. 

Cape  Grin^nell',  a  headland  of  North  Devon,  on 
Wellington  Channel.     Lat.  75°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  25'  W. 

Cape  Gris-Nez,  gree-n4',  t.e.,  "gray  nose"  (ano. 
It'ium  Promonto'rium),  a  headland  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  being  the  nearest  point  of  the  French  shore  to  that 
of  Britain  (South  Foreland).  It  has  a  revolving  light,  195 
feet  high.     Lat.  50°  52'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  35'  15"  E. 

Cape  Guardafui,  gwar-d&-fwee',  or  Gardafui, 
gar'da-fwee'  (Arab.  Raa-Jerdaffoon,  ris-jerMi-foon' ;  anc. 
Aro'matum  Promonto'rium),  the  most  E.  point  of  Africa,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Aden.  Lat.  11°  50'  N.;  lon- 
51°  20'  E. 

Cape  Gwadel,  gwi-dSl',  or  Ras-Noo,  ris-noo',  a 
peninsula  of  Beloochistan,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  95  miles  S 
of  Kedje.  It  is  about  6  miles  in  breadth.  Lat.  25°  12'  N.; 
Ion.  62°  18'  E. 

Cape  Hackness',  a  headland  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Ork- 
ney, on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Shapinshay. 

Ckpe  Haitien.     See  Cape  Hattien. 

Cape  Halkett,  h&l'ket,  a  headland  of  Alaska,  on  th« 


CAP 


790 


CAP 


Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  70°  48'  N.,  Ion.  161°  55'  W.,  bounds 
Harrison  Bay  on  the  W. 

Cape  Ham'ilton,  on  the  "W.  coast  ofWollaston  Land, 
In  the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  30'  W. 

Cape  Hamrah,  hirn'rh,  or  Maverah,  miv'er-i 
(Arab.  Ras-el-Hamrah,  ris-Sl-h3,m'ri;  anc.  Promonto' rium 
Hippi  f),  on  the  N.  coast  of  Algeria.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  7° 
50'  E. 

Cape  Hang'lip,  on  the  S.  extremity  of  Africa,  and  E. 
side  of  False  Bay.     Lat.  34°  22'  S.;  Ion.  18°  40'  E. 

Cape  Har'dy,  on  the  N.  part  of  Prince  of  "Wales  Land, 
at  the  entrance  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat.  73°  53'  N.;  Ion, 
97°  30'  W. 

Cape  Hath'erton,  the  W.  extremity  of  Prudhoe 
Land,  in  Smith  Sound.  Lat.  78°  30'  N.;  Ion.  75°  30'  W. 
Cape  Hat'teras,  North  Carolina,  is  part  of  a  long 
sand-bank  or  island  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Pam- 
lico Sound.  Here  is  a  light  raised  190  feet  above  the  sea, 
in  lat.  35°  15'  N.,  Ion.  75°  31'  W.  The  violent  storms  that 
often  occur  on  this  coast  render  the  navigation  dangerous. 
Cape  Hay,  a  headland  at  the  N.E.  point  of  Cookbnrn 
Laud,  in  Lancaster  Sound,  near  Ion.  77°  W. 

Cape  Haytien,  h^'te-en,  called  also  Le  Cap,  l^h 
kip,  formerly  Cape  Fran^ais,  fr5No^si',  Cabo  Santo, 
ki'bo  s&n'to,  and  Cape  Hen'ry,  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti, 
on  its  N.  coast,  90  miles  N.  of  Port  au  Prince.  Lat.  19° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  54'  W.  Previous  to  the  Haytian  revolu- 
tion it  was  a  handsome  city,  and  it  still  has  some  fine  build- 
ings, with  a  secure  harbor,  and  a  considerable  trade  with 
the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France,  and  Germany.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  about  12,000. 

Cape  Henlo'pen,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Delaware,  at  the 
entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  on  the  S.W.  side,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Cape  May.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  182  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Lat.  38°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  6'  30"  W.  A  beacon- 
light  also  stands  at  the  extreme  N.  end  of  the  cape,  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  distant. 

Cape  Henriet'ta  Mari'a,  in  British  America,  the 
dividing  line  on  the  W.  between  Hudson's  and  James's 
Bays.     Lat.  55°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  30'  W. 

Cape  Hen'ry,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Virginia,  at  the 
entrance  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  on  the  S.  side,  12  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Cape  Charles.  Lat.  36°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  4'  W.  On 
it  is  a  fixed  light,  120  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Cape  Henry,  a  town  of  Hayti.  See  Cape  Haytien. 
Cape  Hillsborough,  hilz'bur-rilh,  a  headland  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  AustraUa.  Lat.  20°  53'  40"  S.;  Ion.  149°  0' 
15"  E. 

Cape  Honduras,  hon-doo'ras,  or  Punta  del  Cas- 
tillo, poon'ti  dSl  kis-teel'yo,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Honduras.     Lat.  16°  N. ;  Ion.  86°  16'  W. 

Cape  Hope  Advance',  a  headland  of  British  Amer- 
ica, on  Hudson's  Strait.  Lat.  61°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  "W. 
Cape  Horn,  hoBn,  written  also  Hoorn,  the  most  S. 
point  of  America,  on  the  last  island  of  the  Fuegian  Archi- 
pelago, in  lat.  55°  58'  40"  S.,  Ion.  67°  16'  W.  It  is  a  lofty, 
steep,  bare,  black  rock,  with  pointed  summits.  It  was 
named  by  Schouten,  its  discoverer,  in  1616,  in  honor  of  his 
birthplace,  Hoorn  (hoRn),  in  the  Netherlands.  Nine  miles 
N.E.  of  Cape  Horn  is  False  Cape  Horn. 

Cape  Howe,  h6w,  the  most  S.E.  point  of  Australia, 
280  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney.  Lat.  37°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  5'  E. 
See  West  Cape  Howe. 

Cape  Humos,  hoo'moce,  a  headland  of  Chili,  at  the  S. 
mouth  of  the  Maule.     Lat.  35°  22'  S. 

Cape  Inje  (or  Indjeh),  in'jSh,  the  most  N.  point  of 
Anatolia,  extending  into  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  42°  8'  N. : 
Ion.  34°  57'  E. 

Cape  Isabella,  iz-a-bSl'Ia,  a  headland  of  Boothia  Fe- 
lix.    Lat.  69°  26'  N.;  Ion.  93°  51'  W. 

Cape  Isabella,  in  the  E.  part  of  Ellesmere  Land,  at 
the  entrance  of  Smith's  Sound.  Lat.  78°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  W. 
Cape  Island,  i'land,  the  southern  extremity  of  New 
Jersey,  formerly  separated  by  a  small  creek  from  the  main- 
land.    It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  from  i  to  1  mile  wide. 

Cape  Island  and  Cape  Island  City,  former  names 
of  Cape  May,  N.J. 

Cape  Island,  a  small  island  off  Cape  Bonavista,  New- 
foundland, 3  miles  from  Bonavista.     Pop.  83. 

Cape  Jer6niie,  zhSr'i-mee',  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Hayti,  18  miles  E.  of  Cape  Donna  Maria.  Lat.  18°  16' N.: 
Ion.  74°  12'  W. 

Cape  Jesus  Maria,  ai'soos  mi-ree'i,  in  Uruguay,  N. 
of  the  estuary  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Montevideo. 

Cape  John,  a  headland  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  Northum- 
berland Strait.     Lat.  45°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  10'  W. 


I 


Cape  John,  a  post- village  on  the  above  headland,  tA 
Pictou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 

Cape  Jourmain,  zhooR^m&No',  a  headland  of  New 
Brunswick,  on  Northumberland  Strait.  Lat.  46°  10'  N  • 
Ion.  63°  49'  30"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house.  ** 

Cape  Juby,  joo'bee,  of  Africa,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sa- 
hara, opposite  Fuerteventura,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  ii 
a  low,  sandy  point.     Lat.  27°  57'  50"  N.;  Ion.  12°  55'  W. 
Cape  Kalakria,  ki-li-kree'a,  or  Gulgrad  Boo* 
roon  (or  Burroun),  gul-gr4d'  boo-roon',  in  the  E.  part  of 
Bulgaria,  on  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  43°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  28°  30'  B. 
Cape  Kalogria,  ki-lo-gree'l,  or  Papas,  pi-pis',  at 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  Morea,  Greece,  at  the  S.  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  of  Patras.     Lat.  about  38°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  24'  B. 
Cape  Kardash',  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  at 
the  W.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.     Lat.  36°  34' 
N. ;  Ion.  35°  22'  E. 

Cape  Ka'ter,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Cockbum  Land,  on' 
the/Julf  of  Boothia.     Lat.  71°  53'  N.;  Ion.  90°  W. 

Cape  Kaye,  ki,  a  promontory  in  the  W.  part  of  Cock- 
burn  Land,  N.  of  Fury  and  Hecla  Strait.  Lat.  72°  20'  N.  j 
Ion.  93°  30'  W. 

Cape  Kerempe,  ki-rfim'p§h  (anc.  Caram'bis),  ahead- 
land  of  Asia,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anatolia,  extending  into  the 
Black  Sea.     Lat.  42°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  20'  E. 

Cape  Khelidonia,  K^l-e-do-nee'i,  a  headland  of  Asi- 
atic Turkey,  forming  the  N.  point  of  the  Gulf  of  Adalia, 
near  lat.  36°  9'  N.,  Ion.  30°  26'  E. 

Cape  Khersonese,  Ker's9n-eece,  in  the  S.  part  of 
Russia,  on  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  44°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  20'  E. 
Cape  Khromachitti,  Kro-mi-kit'tee,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Cyprus.     Lat.  35°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  E. 

Cape  Khynzyr,  Kin^zeer',  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Syria,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  Lat. 
36°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  48'  E. 

Cape  Kirpe,  kSer'p^h,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anatolia,  ex- 
tending into  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  41°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  18'  E. 
Cape  Krio,  kree'o,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Anatolia,  at 
the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Cos.     Lat.  36°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  27* 
23'  5"  E. 

Cape  Erio,  the  most  S.  part  of  the  island  of  Crete. 
Lat.  36°  16'  N.;  Ion.  23°  51'  E. 

Cape  Krio,  the  W.  point  of  Cyprus.  Lat.  35°  16'  N.: 
Ion.  23°  30'  E. 

Cap'el,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey. 
Cape  Laay  Franklin,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  part 
of  Wollaston  Land,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  at  the  entrance  of 
Dolphin  and  Union  Strait.     Lat.  68°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  W. 
Cape  La  Hague,  li  haig  (Fr.  pron.  li  hig),  some- 
times improperly  written  La  Hogue,  a  headland  of  France, 
in  Manche,  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  peninsula 
of  Cotentin,  in  the  English  Channel,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cherbourg.     Lat.  of  the  light-house,  49°  43'  22"  N. ;  Ion. 
1°  57'  6"  W.     It  is  often  confounded  with  Cape  La  Hogue, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  Cotentin,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Valognes, 
Cape  Lahou,  li-hoo',  a  headland  of  Africa,  on  the 
Ivory  Coast,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name  near  it.     Lat.  5" 
16'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  18'  W. 

Cape  La  Hune,  li  hiin,  a  prominent  headland  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  23  miles  E.  of  Burgeo.  It  forms 
the  point  of  a  fine  inlet  called  La  Hune  Bay. 

Cape  Lassoa,  Celebes.    See  Boolekomba  Point. 
Cape  Lastres,  lis'tr^s,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spain,  Bay 
of  Biscay.     Lat.  43°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  20'  W. 

Cape  Lean,  or  Loop  Head,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, at  the  mouth  of  the  Shannon. 

Cape  Leeuwin,  lee' win  or  li'^in,  the  most  S.W.  point 
of  Australia.     Lat.  34°  32'  S.  j  Ion.  115°  6'  E. 

Cape  Leuca  or  Santa  Maria  di  Leuca,  sin'ti 
mi-ree'i  dee  li'oo-ki  (anc.  lapy'yium,  or  Salenti'mim  Pro- 
monto'rium),  on  the  coast  of  Italy,  at  the  S.E.  entrance  to 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto.     Lat.  39°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  24'  E. 

Cape  Leveque,  l§h-vaik',  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Austra- 
lia.    Lat.  16°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  E. 

Cape  Lew'is,  in  theW.  part  of  Greenland,  on  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  75°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  40'  W. 

Capel  Gar'mon,  a  township  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Denbigh,  4^  miles  S.  of  Llanrwst. 

Cape  Licosa,  le-ko'si,  a  promontory  of  Italy,  forming 
the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Salerno.  Lat. 
40°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  53'  E. 
Cape  Lindesnaes.  See  Naze. 
Cape  Linguetta,  lin-gwSt'ti,  a  headland  of  European 
Turkey,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  from  Otranto,  at  the  entrance 
into  the  Adriatic.     Lat.  40°  26'  17"  N.;  Ion.  19°  17'  E. 

Cape  Lis'burne,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Alaska,  extending 
into  the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  163°  34'  W 


i 


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V91 


CAP 


Cape  Lithada,  le-thl'di,  a  headland  of  Greece,  form- 
ing the  N.AV.  extremity  of  Euboea. 

Cape  Liv'erpool  is  the  name  of  a  headland  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Lancaster  Sound,  British  North 
America,  and  of  another  bounding  the  inlet  Liverpool  Bay, 
Arctic  Ocean,  North  America,  immediately  S.W.  of  Cape 
Bathurst.  Lat.  about  70°  N. ;  Ion.  129°  W. 
Capell,  ka-pel',  a  post-ofBce  of  Napa  co.,  Cal. 
Capellades,  ki-p5l-yi'D4s,  an  episcopal  town  of  Spain, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  3066, 

Capellen,  ki-pfil'l^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Geldern.     Pop.  1809. 

Capelle-op-den-Bosch,  ki-pSl'l^h-op-den-bosk,  a 
village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  11  miles  N.  of  Brus- 
eela,  on  the  railway  between  Mechlin  and  Ghent.  P.  2500. 
Cape  Look'out,  E.  of  North  Carolina,  85  miles  S.W. 
of  Cape  Hatteras.  Elevation  of  the  light,  150  feet.  Lat. 
34°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  31'  W. 

Cape  Lookout,  Yamhill  co..  Oregon,  in  lat.  about  45° 
30'  N.,  lo  1.  124°  W. 

Cape  Liookout,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lat.  55°  30'  N.j 
Ion.  about  85°  40'  W. 

Cape  Lookout,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, extending  into  the  Atlantic. 

Cape  Lopatka,  lo-pit'ki,  in  Asia,  forming  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Kamchatka.  Lat.  51°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  156°  46'  E. 
On  it  is  a  mountain  which  bears  the  same  name. 

Cape  Lopez,  lo'pfiz,  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  the  S.  point 
of  the  Bight  of  Biafra.     Lat.  0°  36'  S.  ,•  Ion.  8°  43'  E. 

Cape  Louis,  loo'is,  a  headland  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Kerguelen   Land.      Lat.  48°  50'  S.,-  Ion.  68°  18'  E. 

Cape  Louis  Philippe,  loo'ee  fil'lip,  in  the  S.  part  of 
Wollaston  Land,  in  Coronation  Gulf.  Lat.  68°  35'  N. ; 
Ion.  109°  45'  W. 

Cap'el's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.C., 
16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rockingham.  It  has  2  grist-mills. 
Cap'elton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co,,  Quebec,  4^ 
1 1 IP^®^  '^y  '■^i^  from  Lennoxville.  Pop.  200. 
H  KjCape  Lucas,  Lower  California.  See  Cafe  Saint  Lucas. 
HKCape  Mabou,  m&^boo',  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness 
IB»  '^oy^  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  11  miles 
■  K^T.E.  of  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

^,   Cape  Magnari,  mi-gwi-ree'.  South  America,  the  N.E. 
I    point  of  the  island  of  Marajo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon. 
lL  W,  0°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  W. 
HECape  Maisi,  in  Cuba.    See  Cape  Matsi. 
HBCape  Malabar',  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Massachu- 
"•etts.     Lat.  41°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  55'  W. 

Cape  Malek,  mi-lSk'  (or  Malecca,  m4-lSk'k4,  anc, 
d'amon  Promonto'rium),  on  the  N.  coast  of  Crete.  Lat.  36° 
37'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  9'  E. 

Cape  Malia,  m&'le-S,,  or  Saut'  Angelo  (anc.  Ma'lea 
Promonto'rium),  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Morea.  Lat.  36° 
27'  N.:  Ion.  23°  12'  E. 

Cape  Manambatou,  m&n-&m-b&-too',  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Madagascar.     Lat.  13°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  60'  E. 

Cape  Martello,  maR-t51'lo,  the  S.  point  of  the  island 
of  Euboea.     Lat.  37°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  33'  E. 

Cape  Matala,  mi-ti'lS,,  the  most  S.  headland  of  Crete 
and.of  Europe.     Lat.  34°  56'  N.;  Ion.  24°  45'  E. 

Cape  Matapan,  mi-ti-pin'  (anc  Tx'narum  or  Tetna'- 
rium  Promonto'rium),  the  S,  extremity  of  the  Morea,  Greece, 
and,  except  the  S.  point  of  Spain,  the  southernmost  of  oonti« 
nental  Europe.  Lat.  36°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  22°  29'  E. 
Cape  Maverah,  coast  of  Algiers.  See  Cape  Haurah. 
Cape  May,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  at  the  entrance  of 
Delaware  Bay,  and  about  2  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Cape 
May,  is  the  most  southern  point  of  New  Jersey.  Lat.  38° 
56'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  57'  W.  Here  is  a  revolving  light,  150  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.     See  Cape  May  Point. 

Cape  May,  a  county  forming  the  S.  extremity  of  New 
Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  266  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  Delaware 
Bay.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  partly 
sandy.  The  southeastern  portion  is  occupied  by  marshes 
and  lagoons,  connected  by  inlets  with  the  ocean.  Indian 
com,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  which  traverses 
it  from  N.  to  S.  It  has  a  valuable  deposit  of  white  oedar 
trees,  which  have  probably  been  buried  for  centuries  but 
are  still  sound.  Capital,  Cape  May  Court-House.  Pop,  in 
1870,  8349;  in  1880,  9766;  in  1890,  11.268. 

Cape  May,  a  city  and  fashionable  watering-place  of 
Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the  southern 
J     extremity  of  the  state,  about  2  miles  N.  of  the  cape  of  the 
same  name.     It  is  82  miles  by  railroad  S.  by  E.  from  Phil- 
adelphia, or  about  100  miles  by  water.     It  is  the  southern 


terminus  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  ^wo  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here  in  July  and  August,  and  two 
weekly  papers  in  all  seasons.  It  has  7  churches.  This 
place  is  a  very  popular  summer  resort,  and  has  numerous 
large  hotels,  boarding-houses,  and  cottages.  P.  (1890)  2136. 
Cape  May  Court-House,  the  capital  of  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  70  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Philadelphia,  3  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  11  miles  N. 
of  Cape  May  City.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  1248. 

Cape  May  Point,  formerly  Sea  Grove,  a  borough 
and  watering-place  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  about  2  miles  S. 
of  Cape  May  City.  It  contains  5  churches,  and  several 
hotels  and  boarding-houses.  Many  families  make  it  their 
permanent  home.  Here  is  Cape  May  light-house.  P.  167. 
Cape  Maysi  (or  Maisi),  mi-see',  the  E.  extremity  of 
Cuba.     Lat.  20°  15'  N.;  Ion.  74°  7'  W. 

Cape  Mayumba,  mi-yoom'bi,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  3°  35'  S. 

Cape  Melville,  mSl'vil,  a  promontory  of  Greenland, 
forming  the  W.  boundary  of  Melville  Bay. 

Cape  Mendocino,  men-do-see'no,  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
is  the  most  western  point  of  California.  It  is  in  Humboldt 
CO.,  in  lat.  40°  26'  N.,  Ion.  124°  24'  W.,  and  has  a  flashing 
light,  428  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cape  Mesurado,  mfis-oo-r4'do,  in  Africa,  is  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Liberia,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  of  the 
same  name,  on  which  is  situated  the  town  of  Monrovia. 
Lat.  6°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  60'  W. 

Cape  Midiah,  me-dee'&,  in  Roumania,  on  the  Black 
Sea.     Lat.  44°  22'  N.j  Ion.  28°  60'  E. 

Cape  3Iilazzo,  me-l&t'so,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coa«t 
of  Sicily.     Lat.  38°  17'  N.;  Ion.  16°  16'  E. 

Cape  Mirik,  mee'rik,  or  Mirk,  meerk,  a  headland  of 

Western  Africa.     Lat.  19°  22'  14"  N. ;  Ion.  16°  20'  36"  W. 

Cape  Mondego,  mon-di'go,  a  headland  on  the  W. 

coast  of  Portugal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego  River. 

Lat.  40°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  63'  W. 

Cape  Monte  Christi,  mon'ti  kris'tee,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Hayti.     Lat.  19°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  45'  W. 

Cape  Monte  Santo,  mon'ti  sin'to,  in  Turkey,  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Athos.  Lat.  40°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  23'  E. 
Cape  Monze,  mon'zfih,  orRas-Moarrefe,  mo-ar'ree, 
a  headland  forming  the  W.  extremity  of  Sinde  and  the  B. 
frontier  of  Beloochistan.  Lat.  24°  51'  N.;  Ion.  66°  37'  E. 
Cape  Mount,  a  headland  of  Western  Africa.  Lat.  6" 
46'  N.;  Ion.  11°  15'  W. 

Cape  Mount,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  which  falls 
into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  6°  44'  N.,  Ion.  11°  25'  W. 

Cape  Nabon,  ni'bon'  (or  Nabend,  ni'bend'),  a  head- 
land of  Persia,  on  the  coast  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  27* 
33'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  39'  E, 

Cape  Nao,  ni'o,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia,  Spain,  is  47 
miles  S.S.E.  of  AUcante.     Lat.  38°  44'  N.;  Ion.  0°  12'  E. 

Cape  Napier,  n4'p§-er,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Prince  Al- 
bert Land,  at  the  entrance  of  Russell  Gulf.  Lat.  70°  30' 
N.;  Ion.  116°  40'  W. 

Cape  Naturaliste,  nit-oo-ral-leest',  a  headland  of 
Australia,  forming  the  W.  side  of  Geographe  Bay.  Lat. 
33°  31'  45"  S. 

Cape  Nau,  ni'oo  (anc.  Lacin'ium  Promonto'rium),  a 
headland  of  Southern  Italy,  forming  the  E.  extremity  of 
Catanzaro,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cotrone.     Here  Hannibal  is  said 
to  have  embarked  on  leaving  Italy,  B.C.  202. 
Cape  Naze,  or  Lindesnaes.    See  Naze. 
Cape  Ned'dick,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in 
York  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Portsmouth,  N.H.     It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  <feo. 
Cape  Neddick  (or  Neddock)  is  a  headland  a  few 
miles  S.W.  of  the  above,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 

Cape  Negrais,  ne-grloe',  a  headland  on  the  coast  of 
British  Burmah.     Lat.  16°  1'  30"  N.;  Ion.  94°  12'  E. 

Cape  Negro,  nee'gro  or  ni'gro,  Africa,  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Benguela.     Lat.  16°  46'  S. ;  Ion.  11°  49'  E. 

Cape  Negro,  Afrioa,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Tunis.  Lat. 
37°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  6'  E. 

Cape  Negro,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  headland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  7  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Barrington.     Pop.  350. 

Cape  Negro  Island,  a  small  island  and  light-station 
at  the  entrance  to  Cape  Negro  Harbor,  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barrington.     Pop.  160. 

Cape   Noir,  nor  (Fr.  pron.  nwaR),   South  America, 

on  the  island  of  Noir,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Lat.  54°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  73°  5'  40"  W.    It  is  a  high  steep  r')ck. 

Cape  Noli,  no'lee,  a  headland  of  Italy,  on  the  con.«t  <>f 

Genoa.     Lat.  44°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  23'  E- 


(!iv](x/h^»-»^^ 


CAP 


792 


CAP 


Cape  Noon,  Noun,  or  Nun,  noon,  Africa,  on  the  W. 
«joa8t  of  Morocco.     Lat.  28°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  ll^  5'  W. 

Cape  Nooniagmo  (or  Nonniagmo),  noo-ne-&g'mo, 
a  headland  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lawrence  Bay, 
on  the  coast  of  Asia,  near  the  point  where  it  approaches 
nearest  to  America,  about  lat.  65°  20'  N.,  Ion.  171°  W. 

Cape  Nordkyn,  noRt'kin\  the  most  N.  point  of  the 
mainland  of  Europe,  in  Norwegian  Lapland,  45  miles  E.  of 
North  Cape.     Lat.  71°  6'  N. 

Cape  Nor'man,  a  headland  on  the  N.  extremity  of 
Newfoundland,  in  the  Straits  of  Belle  Isle.  Lat.  51°  38'  N. ; 
Ion.  55°  53'  40"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Cape  North,  a  celebrated  promontory,  forming  the 
northernmost  point  of  Europe,  and  situated  on  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Mageroe,  which  is  separated  from 
the  mainland  of  Norway  by  a  narrow  channel.  Lat.  71° 
10'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  25°  46'  E.  It  consists  of  a  long  row  of 
precipitous  rocks  jutting  out  Into  the  sea,  and  terminating 
above,  partly  in  pyramidal  peaks,  and  partly  in  a  kind  of 
table-land,  at  the  height  of  about  1200  feet. 

Cape  North  (or  Sievernoi,  se-iVfiR-noi'),  a  headland 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Siberia.   Lat.  68°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  179°  9'  W. 

Cape  North,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton.     Lat.  47°  2'  N.;  Ion.  64°  5'  W. 

Cape  North  (Port.  Cabo  do  Norte,  k&'bo  do  noR'ti), 
South  America,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil,  at  the  northern- 
most mouth  of  the  Amazon.   Lat.  1°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  10'  W. 

Cape  North,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     Lat.  47°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  5'  "W. 

Cape  North  or  O^too'  (Otou),  the  N.  extremity  of 
New  Zealand.     Lat.  34°  22'  S. ;  Ion.  173°  E. 

Cape  Northum'berland,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  38°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  37'  E. 

Cape  Nose,  Africa.    See  Bas-Bernass. 

Cape  Noun,  Morocco.    See  Cape  Noon. 

Cape  Nouniagmo.    See  Cape  Nooniaoho. 

CapeNovosilzov,no-vo-Bil-zov',  a  headland  of  Japan, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Yesso.  Lat.  43°  14'  30"  N.  j 
Ion.  140°  25'  30"  E. 

Cape  Nun,  Morocco.    See  Cape  Noon. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  or  Cape  Peak,  a  celebrated 
promontory  of  South  Africa,  on  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Table  Mountain,  having  Table  Bay  on  the  E.,  and  the  At- 
lantic on  the  W,,  30  miles  S.  of  Cape  Town,  lat.  34°  22'  S., 
Ion.  18°  29'  E.,  and  forming  a  bold  promontory  rising 
nearly  1000  feet  above  the  sea.  This  cape,  celebrated  in 
the  annals  of  navigation,  was  discovered  in  the  year  1486 
by  the  Portuguese  navigator  Bartholomew  Biaz,  who,  not 
being  able  to  double  it,  and  having  encountered  much  bad 
weather  in  its  neighborhood,  gave  it  the  name  of  Gabo  dos 
TormentoB  (ki'bo  dooe  toR-mfin'tooe),  or  "  Cape  of  Tempests." 
John  II.,  King  of  Portugal,  considering  this  point  as  the 
goal  of  that  gradual  circumnavigation  of  the  African  conti- 
nent which  had  long  engaged  the  attention  of  the  Portu- 
guese, gave  it,  instead,  the  title  of  Cabo  de  Boa  Es- 
peranqa  (ki'bo  di  bo'i  fis-pi-rin'si),  or  "Cape  of  Good 
Hope."  Shortly  after,  November  20,  1497,  Vasco  da  Gama 
succeeded  in  doubling  it,  and  was  the  first  European  who 
by  this  route  reached  the  Indian  Ocean.    See  Cape  Colony. 

Cape  Omman'ey,  Alaska,  is  the  S.  point  of  Bar&noff 
Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Christian  Sound.  Lat.  56°  10' 
N. ;  Ion.  134°  34'  W. 

Cape  Or'ange,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  on  the 
coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  52°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  69°  30'  W. 

Cape  Orford,  Oregon.     See  Cape  Blanco. 

Cape  Ortegal,  oR-ti-g&l',  a  headland  of  Spain,  in  the 
N.  part  of  Galioia.     Lat.  43°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  56'  W. 

Cape  Ortegal,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  New  Munster,  New 
Zealand,  lat.  43°  45'  S.,  Ion.  172°  7'  E.,  the  inhabitants 
being  nearly  the  antipodes  of  those  of  Cape  Ortegal  in  Spain. 

Cape  Otoo,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  North. 

Cape  Otran'to,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Strait  of  Otranto, 
which  connects  the  Adriatic  with  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Lat.  40°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  29'  E. 

Cape  Ot'way,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  38°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  45'  E. 

Cape  Pailluri  (or  Faillouri),  pi-loo'ree,  a  promon- 
tory of  Turkish  Roumelia,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Cassandra.     Lat.  39°  55'  N. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Palinuro,  pi-le-noo'ro  (anc.  Pali- 
nu'ri  Promonto'rium),  a  headland  of  Italy,  N.W.  of  the 
entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Policastro.  Lat.  40°  N. ;  Ion.  15° 
15'  E.     It  is  sometimes  called  Cape  Spartimento. 

Cape  Palmas,  p&l'm3,s,  a  headland  of  Liberia,  sur- 
mounted by  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  4°  22'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  44' 
15'  W.  It  gives  name  to  a  diocese  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church. 


Cape  Palmerston,  pi'm^r-stpn,  a  headland  of  East 
Australia.     Lat.  21°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  149°  30'  E. 

Cape  Palos,pi'loce  (Sp.  Cabo  de  Palos,  ki'BO  di  pi', 
loce),  a  headland  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Murcia.  Lat.  37' 
34'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  40'  W. 

Cape  Papas,  in  Greece.    See  Cape  Kalogria. 

Cape  Par'ry,  British  North  America,  is  on  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  near  lat.  69°  N.,  Ion.  123°  35'  W.  It  terminates  a 
promontory  bounding  Franklin  Bay  on  the  E. 

Cape  Parry,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland,  on  the  S. 
head  of  Whale  Sound,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  Baffin's  Bay. 
Lat.  77°  6'  N. :  Ion.  71°  23'  "W. 

Cape  Parry,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greenland.  Lat.  TS-* 
22'  N. ;  Ion.  22°  2'  W. 

Cape  Passaro  (or  Passero),pas'sa-ro  (anc.PacAy' 
num  Promonto'rium),  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Sicily,  26 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse.     Lat.  36°  41'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  15° 
7'  E.     It  is  a  low  rocky  point,  forming  the  E.  side  of  the 
cove  of  Porto  Palo. 

Cape  Patani  (or  Patany),  pi-ti'nee,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of 
Siam.     Lat.  7°  4'  N.;  Ion.  101°  5'  E. 

Cape  Patience,  pi'sh§nss,  Asia,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Saghalin.     Lat.  49°  N. 

Cape  Peak,  Africa.    See  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

Cape  Pecora,  pi'ko-ri,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
Lat.  39°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  27'  E. 

Cape  Pel'Iew,  the  N.  point  of  North  Island,  Sir  Ed- 
ward Pellew  group.     Lat.  15°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  137°  2'  E. 

Cape  Peloro,  Sicily.    See  Cape  Faro. 

Cape  Pem'broke,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Southampton 
Island,  Hudson's  Bay. 

Cape  Peftas  (or  Pegnas),  pftn'yis  (Sp.  Cabo  de 
Peflas,  ki'Bo  di  pSn'yis,  i.e.,  "Cape  of  Rocks"),  a  head- 
land of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Asturias.  Lat.  43°  41'  N.; 
Ion.  5°  53'  "W. 

Cape  Pe&as,  pSn'yis,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lat.  53°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  67°  35'  W. 

Cape  Pengepell,  pSng^g^h-pgr,  a  N.W.  promontory 
of  Kamchatka.     Lat.  59°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  160°  10'  E. 

Cape  Pera,  pi'r&,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Majorca.  Lat. 
39°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  32'  E. 

Cape  Perpet'ua,  in  Benton  co.,  Oregon.  Lat.  about 
44°  15'  N. :  Ion.  about  124°  10'  W. 

Cape  Pila,  pee'li,  a  headland  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Cyprus.     Lat.  34°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  10'  E. 

Cape  Pil'Iar,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 
forming  the  S.W.  entrance  into  the  Straits  of  Magellan 
from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  52°  45'  S.;  Ion.  74°  47'  W. 
It  is  a  very  elevated  mass  of  rocks,  which  terminate  in 
two  clifis,  in  the  shape  of  towers,  inclining  to  the  N.W. 

Cape  Pil'Iar,  the  southeastemmost  headland  of  Tas- 
mania.    Lat.  43°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  7'  E. 

Cape  Pine,  a  headland,  with  a  light-house,  on  the 
southern  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Avalon,  Newfoundland, 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Trepassey. 

Cape  Poge  (or  Pogue),  poag,  the  N.  end  of  Chap- 

faquiddick  Island,  immediately  E.  of  Martha's  Vineyard, 
t  nas  a  fixed  light,  55  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lat.  41°  25'  10"  N,;  Ion.  70°  27'  W. 

Cape  Polo,  on  the  coast  of  Sardinia.    See  Cape  Pula. 

Cape  Porpoise,  por'pus,  a  post-village  of  York  co., 
Me.,  in  Kennebunkport  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church.  Lat.  43° 
21'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  25'  W.  Many  of  its  inhabitants  are  em- 
ployed in  fisheries.     Pop.  about  400. 

Cape  Port'land,  one  of  the  most  northerly  points  of 
Tasmania.     Lat.  40°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  56'  E. 

Cape  Prince  of  Wales,  a  remarkable  promontory, 
forming  the  most  W.  point  of  North  America,  in  Behring 
Strait.     Lat.  65°  33'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  167°  59'  10"  W. 

Cape  Prior,  pre-oR',  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Gralicia. 
Lat.  43°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  15'  W. 

Cape  Pula,  poo'li  (sometimes  written  Polo),  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Sardinia,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of 
Cagliari.     Lat.  39°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  2'  E. 

Cape  Race,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Newfoundland. 
Lat.  46°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  54'  W.  It  has  a  light-house,  ex- 
hibiting a  revolving  light  180  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Rad'stock,  a  headland  of  Australia,  at  the  en- 
trance of  Anxious  Bay.     Lat.  32°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  15'  E. 

Cape  Rafael,  ri-fi-Sl',  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Hayti. 
Lat.  19°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  53'  W. 

Cape  Ray,  the  S.W.  point  of  Newfoundland.  Lat.  47* 
35'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  15'  W. 

Cape  Rena,  ri'n&,  the  S.E.  point  of  the  island  of 
Skyros.     Lat.  38°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  40'  E. 


CAP 


793 


CAP 


Cape  Ren'nel,  the  N".  extremity  of  North  Somerset, 
on  Barrow  Strait.     Lat.  74°  Kl'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  15'  W. 

Cape  Resolu'tion,  a  headland  of  British  America, 
near  the  entrance  of  Hudson's  Strait.     Lat.  61°  29'  N. 

Cape  River,  or  Yaunks,  called  also  Rio  de  Se- 
fTOvia,  ree'o  dk  si-go've-i,  a  large  river  of  Nicaragua, 
enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  at  Cape  Gracias-d-Dios,  after  a 
N.E.  course,  estimated  at  from  250  to  300  miles,  through  a 
territory  mostly  of  high  fertility.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
eea  for  a  considerable  distance,  beyond  which  its  course  is 
impeded  by  numerous  cataracts  and  shallows.  The  city  of 
Segovia  is  near  its  source. 

Cape  Riv'ers,  the  N.W.  point  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 
Lat.  1°  20'  N.;  Ion.  120°  40'  E. 

Cape  Rizzuto,  rit-soo'to,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Calabria. 
Lat.  38°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  E. 

Caper'naum,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  supposed  to 
have  been  at  Khan-Minyeh,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Tibe- 
rias, 5i  miles  N.W.  of  Tiberias.  Here  is  a  copious  spring 
called  Ain-el-Zin.  This  place  is  identified  by  some  writers 
with  Capernaum,  the  Gapharnainn  of  Josephus,  while  others 
place  its  locality  at  Tell-el-Hum,  3i  miles  to  the  N.E. 

Cape  Rob'ertson,  the  S.  extremity  of  Prudhoe  Land, 
in  Whale  Sound.     Lat.  78°  N. ;  Ion.  72°  20'  W. 

Cape  Roca,  ro'ki  (Port.  Cabo  da  Soca,  ki'bo  d& 
ro'kS,),  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal,  called  also  The  Bock 
of  Lisbon.     Lat.  38°  45'  N.;  Ion.  9°  34'  W. 

Cape  Rodoni,  ro-do'nee,  on  the  coast  of  Albania,  in 
the  Adriatic.     Lat.  45°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  E. 

Cape  Romain',  South  Carolina,  a  very  low  point  of 
land,  destitute  of  trees  or  shrubbery,  37  miles  N.E.  of 
Charleston.  There  is  a  flashing  light,  150  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  on  the  E.  end  of  the  Great  Raccoon  Key,  bearing 
fi.  by  W.  from  the  cape,     Lat.  33°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  22'  W. 

Cape  Ro'man  or  Romano,  ro-m&'no,  a  low  point 
On  the  W.  coast  of  Florida,  312  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tallahassee. 
Lat.  25°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  54'  W. 

.     Cape  Romania,  ro-m3,-nee'&,  the  southernmost  point 
lof  Malacca  and  of  Asia,  is  in  lat.  1°  18'  N.,  Ion.  104°  15'  E. 

Cape  Romanzoff,  ro-m&n'tsofT.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Alaska,  near  the  entrance  of  Behring  Strait. 
,     Cape  Roxo,  rox'o  or  ro'sho,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  12°  16'  N.;  Ion.  16°  45'  W. 

Cape  Roxo,  rox'o  or  ro'no,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Porto 
Rico,  near  lat.  17°  50'  N.,  Ion.  67°  5'  W. 

Cape  Rozier,  ro'zeer  (Fr.  pron.  ro^ze-i'),  a  headland 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  from  Gasp6.  Lat.  48° 
51'  57"  N. ;  Ion.  64°  12'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Ro'zier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on 
Penobscot  Bay,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  on  a  point 
of  land  which  projects  into  the  bay. 

Cape  Run'aAvay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  37°  32'  S.;  Ion.  178°  12'  E. 

Cape  Sabine,  sab'in,  in  the  E.  part  of  Ellesmere 
Land,  on  Smith  Sound.     Lat.  78°  45'  N, ;  Ion.  77°  30'  W. 

Cape  Sa'ble,  the  S.  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia.  Lat. 
43°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  38'  W. 

Cape  Sable,  Florida,  the  most  S.  point  of  the  main- 
land of  the  peninsula.     Lat.  24°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  16'  W. 

Cape  Sable  Island,  the  S.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Lat.  43°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  38'  W.  It  has  a  light- 
house, exhibiting  a  powerful  revolving  light.  Pop.  1636. 
It  is  not  to  be  cdnfounded  with  Sable  Island. 

Cape  Sable  Island,  a  post-village  on  the  above 
island,  5  miles  from  Barrington.     Pop.  600. 

Cape  Sacratif,  si-krA-teef,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Granada.     Lat.  36°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  28'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Andrew,  sent  an'droo  (It.  Capo  diSant' 
Andrea,  ki'po  dee  sint  in-dri'l),  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sicily. 
Lat.  37°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  20'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Andrew,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  16°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  45°  26'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Ann,  Africa,  the  extreme  N.W.  point  of 
Sherbro  Island,  coast  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  7°  34'  N. ;  Ion. 
12°  57'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Ann,  a  headland  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Africa,  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cape  Blanco.  Lat.  20°  30' 
N. ;  Ion.  17°  W. 

Cape  Saint  An'thony,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Arabia, 
near  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  Lat.  12°  35'  N.;  Ion. 
43°  56'  E.     Its  summit  is  2772  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Saint  Antonio.    See  Cape  San  Antonio. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine,  sent  iw'gus-teen,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  23°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  30'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine  (Port.  Santo  Agoatinho,  sin'to 
4-gos-teen'yo),  the  most  E.  headland  of  South  America,  on 
the  coast  of  Brazil.     Lat.  8°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  84"  56'  W.     This 
51- 


was  the  first  land  discovered  in  South  America;  seen  by 
Pinfon,  A.D.  1500. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine  (Sp.  San  Angtutin,  s&n  dw- 
goos-teen'),  a  headland  on  the  coast  of  the  repablie  of 
Colombia.    Lat.  10°  14'  6"  N.;  Ion.  80°  49'  36"  W. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine,  a  headland  at  the  B.B. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  6°  4'  N. ;  Ion. 
126°  13'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Bias.    See  Cape  San  Blas. 

Cape  Saint  Epiphany,  e-pif  ^ne,  or  Saint  Epi- 
pha'nius  (ano.  Ac'amtis  Promonto'rium),  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Cyprus,  near  lat.  35°  14'  N.,  Ion.  32°  17'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Fran'cis,  a  headland  of  Africa,  on  the 
coast  of  Cape  Colony,  W.  of  St.  Francis  Bay.  Lat.  34°  10' 
S. ;  Ion.  24°  52'  45"  E. 

Cape  Saint  Francis,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, on  the  E.  side  of  Conception  Bay.  Lat.  47°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  52°  51'  W. 

Cape  Saint  George,  the  S.  promontory  of  the  island 
of  New  Ireland.     Lat.  4°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  152°  40'  E. 

Cape  Saint  George,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  35°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  59'  E. 

Cape  Saint  George,  the  S.  extremity  of  Kerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  49°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  10'  E. 

Cape  Saint  George,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, at  the  entrance  to  St.  George's  Bay.  Lat.  48°  29'  N.; 
Ion.  59°  16'  W. 

Cape  Saint  George,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  W.  entrance  to  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  Lat. 
42°  52'  N.;  Ion.  61°  52'  W. 

Cape  Saint  George,  the  southern  point  of  St. 
George's  Island,  S.  of  Franklin  co.,  Fla.  On  it  is  a  fixed 
light,  65  feet  high.     Lat.  29°  35'  N.;  Ion.  85°  4'  W. 

Cape  Saint  James,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  French 
Cochin  China,  extending  into  the  China  Sea,  near  lat.  10' 
32'  N.,  Ion.  107°  5'  E. 

Cape  Saint  James,  the  S.  extremity  of  Prevost 
Island,  and  of  the  Queen  Charlotte  group,  British  Colum- 
bia.    Lat.  about  52°  N. ;  Ion.  131°  W. 

Cape  Saint  John,  the  E.  point  of  Staten  Island,  off 
Terra  del  Fuego,  near  lat.  54°  46'  S.,  Ion.  63°  45'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Jorge  (or  San  Jorge).  See  Cape  Blanco. 

Cape  Saint  Iiaw'rence,  the  N.  extremity  of  Cape 
Breton,  extending  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  47° 
5'  N.;  Ion.  60°  35'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Lucas,  sent  loo'k^,  the  S.  extremity  of 
Lower  California.     Lat.  22°  44'  N.;  Ion.  109°  64'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  Africa,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sene- 
gambia,  forming  the  S.W.  entrance  to  the  estuary  of  the 
Gambia.     Lat.  13°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  41'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  Africa,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Ben- 
guela.     Lat.  13°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  12°  33'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  on  the  southern  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, between  Placentia  and  St.  Mary's  Bay.  Lat.  46°  50' 
N. ,:  Ion.  54°  15'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia, 
forming  the  southern  headland  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 
Lat.  44°  7'  N.J  Ion.  6°  15'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  a  headland  of  South  America,  on 
the  B.  coast  of  Uruguay.     Lat.  34°  39'  S. ;  Ion.  54°  9'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  the  S.  extremity  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  25°  38'  54"  S. ;  Ion.  45°  42'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
New  Ireland.     Lat.  4°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  153°  18'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Nic'olas  (Fr.  pron.  sis"  nee^ko^li'),  on 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  Hayti.  Lat.  19°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  27'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Paul,  Africa,  on  the  Slave  Coast.  Lat. 
5°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  53'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Roque,  r5k  or  ro'ki,  a  promontory  on 
the  N.E.  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  6°  28'  S. ;  Ion.  35°  16'  W. 
After  Cape  St.  Augustine,  it  is  the  most  E.  point  of  South 
America. 

Cape  Saint  Sebastian.    See  Cape  Sebastian. 

Cape  Saint  Thad'deus,  a  headland  of  Kamchatka. 
Lat.  62°  40'  N.;  Ion.  179°  44'  40"  E. 

Cape  Saint  Thomas  (Port.  Cabo  de  Sdo  Thome, 
k&'bo  d&  sSwNo  to-m&'),  a  headland  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Brazil,  near  lat.  22°  S.,  Ion.  41°  W. 

Cape  Saint  Vin'cent  (Port.  Sdo  Vicente,  sCww  ve- 
sen'ti;  anc.  Promonto'rium  Sa'crum),  the  S.W.  extremitj 
of  Portugal.     Lat.  37°  2'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  W. 

Cape  Saint  Vincent,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Madagas- 
car.    Lat.  21°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  20'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Vincent,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lat.  54°  38'  S.;  Ion.  65°  15'  W. 

Cape  Salimone  (or  Salamone),  si-l^mo'cee,  the 
E.  point  of  Crete.     Lat.  36°  20'  N.j  Ion.  26°  20'  E. 


^  CAP  794 


CAP 


Cape  Salinas,  s&-lee'n&s,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Majorca.     Lat.  39°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  V  E. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Salines,  s&Heen',  a  promontory  on 
the  B.  coast  of  Martinique,  near  lat.  14°  25'  N.,  Ion.  61°  W. 

Cape  Samana,  si-mi-ni',  the  B.  extremity  of  Samana 
Island.     Lat.  19°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  8'  "W. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Sambar,  sim-bar',  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Borneo.     Lat.  3°  52'  S. ;  Ion.  110°  15'  B. 

Cape  Samboangan,  sim-bo-in-gln',  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Mindanao  Island.   Lat.  6°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  10'  E, 

Cape  Sambro,  sim'bro,  on  the  S.E.  coa«t  of  Nova 
Kcotia,  has  a  light-house.    Lat.  44°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  32'  W. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Sampanmanjo,8im-p4n-man'yo, 
the  N.  extremity  of  Borneo.     Lat.  7°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  52'  B. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  a  headland  of 
Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia,  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  the  Bay  of  Jabea.     Lat.  38°  48'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  10'  B. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  sin  in-to'ne-o,  the  W.  extrem- 
ity of  Cuba.     Lat.  21°  51'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  84°  57'  2"  W. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  a  headland  of 
Brazil,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Bahia.  Lat.  13°  0' 
7"  S. ;  Ion.  38°  31'  7"  W.     Here  is  a  light  140  feet  high. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  an  elevated 
promontory  of  Buenos  Ayres,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de 
la  Plata,  S.  side.     Lat.  SO*"  19'  S.;  Ion.  56°  45'  W. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s4n  3,n-to'ne-o,  a  peak  at  the 
N.B.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Koonasheer,  one  of  the 
Kooril  group,  near  lat.  44°  29'  N.,  Ion.  146°  8'  B. 

Cape  San  Bias,  sin  blis  (or  Saint  Bias),  a  low 
point  of  land  extending  about  2  miles  from  the  S.  coast  of 
Florida,  125  miles  S.E.  of  Pensacola.  It  has  a  revolving 
light,  65  feet  high.     Lat.  29°  39'  N.;  Ion.  85°  21'  W. 

Cape  San  Bias,  sin  blis,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  at  the  N.W.  entrance  to  San 
Bias  Bay.     Lat.  9°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  68'  W. 

Cape  San  Diego,  sin  de-i'go,  a  headland  of  South 
America,  bounding  on  the  W.  the  Straits  of  Le  Maire. 
Lat.  54°  33'  S.;  Ion.  65°  14'  W. 

Cape  Sand'wich,  on  the  coast  of  Hinchinbrook 
Island,  Queensland.     Lat.  18°  13'  S.  5  Ion.  146°  19'  B. 

Cape  San'dy,  on  the  B.  coast  of  Australia,  at  the  en- 
trance to  Hervey  Bay.     Lat.  24°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  153°  45'  E. 

Cape  San'dy,  a  post-ofBce  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  8  miles  below  Leavenworth.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Cape  San  Francisco,  sin  frin-sees'ko,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Ecuador.     Lat.  0°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  5'  W. 

Cape  San  Ildefonso,  sin  eel-di-fon'so,  on  the  B. 
coast  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands.  Lat.  15°  15'  N. ;  Ion. 
121°  56'  B. 

Cape  San  Ja'an  (Sp.  pron.  sin  noo-in')  is  the  N.B. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Porto  Rico ;  also  the  S.  point  of 
Vancouver's  Island,  in  British  Columbia,  bounded  S.  by 
the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca. 

Cape  (or  Point)  San  Julian,  sin  ju'Ie-^n  or  sin 
Hoo-le-in',  South  America,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia,  at 
the  entrance  to  San  Julian's  Bay.     Lat.  49°  16'  S. 

Cape  San  Loren'zo,  South  America,  on  the  W.  ooast 
of  Ecuador.     Lat.  1°  S. ;  Ion.  80°  62'  W. 

Cape  San  Marco,  sin  man'ko,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Sicily.     Lat.  37°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  6'  E. 

Cape  San  Marco,  sin  man'ko,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sardinia,  at  the  N.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Oristano.  Lat. 
39°  52'  N.;  Ion.  8°  23'  E. 

Cape  San  Martin,  sin  mar-teen',  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
a  headland  on  the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Denia. 

Cape  San  Nicolo,  sin  nee-ko-lo',  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lat.  39°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  28'  E. 

Cape  Santa  Catalina,  sin'ti  ki-ti-lee'ni,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Central  America,  70  miles  S.S.W.  from  Nica- 
ragua.    Lat.  10°  35'  N. 

Cape  Santa  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-see'i,  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Cambridge  Island,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia. 
Lat.  51°  25'  S.;  Ion.  75°  12'  W. 

Cape  Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i.  South  America, 
on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Uruguay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de 
la  Plata.     Lat.  33°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  54°  15'  W. 

Cape  Santa  Maria  di  Lieuca.    See  Cape  Leuca. 

Cape  Sant»  Angelo,  Greece.    See  Cape  Malia. 

Cape  Santa  Pola,  sin'ti  po'li,  Spain,  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Valencia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  near  lat.  38° 
13'  N.,  Ion.  0°  32'  W. 

Cape  Santiago,  sin-te-i'go,  a  headland  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Luzon,  in  the  Philippines. 

Cape  San  Vito,  sin  vee'to,  a  headland  forming  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Sicily,  at  the  W.  entrance  to  the  Gulf 
of  Castel-a-Mare.     Lat.  38°  14'  N.;  Ion.  12°  47'  B. 


Cape  Sassoso,  sis-so'so  (i.e.,  "rocky"  cape;  ano, 
Promonto' ritim  Di'um),  on  the  N.  coast  of  Crete.  Lat.  35° 
35'  N.;  Ion.  25°  7'  E. 

Cape  Saun'ders,  on  the  N.B.  coast  of  the  island  of 
South  Georgia.     Lat.  54°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  36°  67'  W. 

Cape  Saun'ders,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  New  Muns^er, 
New  Zealand.     Lat.  45°  65'  S. ;  Ion.  170°  36'  E. 

Cape  Sebastian,  se-bis'chan,  a  headland  on  the  N  W. 
coast  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  12°  28'  S. ,-  Ion.  48°  40'  E. 

Cape  Sedano,  si-di'no,  the  E.  extremity  of  Java,  N, 
of  the  entrance  to  Bali  Strait.     Lat.  8°  S. ;  Ion.  114°  30'  E. 

Cape  Selenia,  si-l^-nee'i,  a  promontory  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Asia,  in  the  Sea  of  Anadeer.  Lat.  62°  42'  30" 
N. ;  Ion.  177°  49'  48"  E. 

Cape  Selinti  (or  Selinty),  se-lin'tee,  on  the  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Anamoor.  Near  it  are 
the  village  of  Selinty  and  the  mines  of  Trajanopolis. 

Cape  Serdze  Kamen,  s^Rd'z^h  ki'men?,  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Siberia,  at  the  entrance  of  Behring  Strait. 
Lat.  66°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  30'  W. 

Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi,  si-vi'ro  vos-toK'noV 
(written  also  Sievero-Yostochnii,  s'yi-vi'ro  vos-toK'- 
nee),  Cape  Chelyuskin,  or  North-East  Cape,  the 
northernmost  point  of  Chelyuskin  Peninsula  and  of  Asia. 
See  Chelyuskin  Peninsula. 

Cape  Shackleton,  shik'§l-t9n,  in  the  W.  part  of 
Greenland,  ofiF  Baffin's  Bay.  Lat.  73°  46'  N.;  Ion.  56<» 
30' W. 

Cape  Sierra  Leone,  se-fir'ra  le-o'nee,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name. 
Lat.  8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  18'  W. 

Cape  Sievernoi,  Russian  Asia.    See  Cape  North. 

Cape  Sigri,  see'gree,  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Mitylene.     Lat.  39°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  45'  E. 

Cape  Silleiro,  seel-yi'e-ro,  Spain,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Galicia,  near  the  month  of  the  Rio  de  Vigo.  Lat.  42°  7' 
N. ;  Ion.  8°  64'  W. 

Cape  Sisar,  se-saR',  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lat.  3°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  112°  20'  E. 

Cape  Skagen,  ski'gh^n,  or  The  Skaw,  skaw,  the 
N.  extremity  of  Jutland,  Denmark.  Lat.  of  light-house, 
67°  43'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  36'  6"  B.  Near  it  is  a  small  town 
of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1619. 

Cape  Skil'lo,  on  the  coast  of  Greece,  at  the  entrance 
to  the  Gulf  of  iEgina.     Lat.  37°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  36'  E. 

Cape  Skropha,  skro'fi,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greece, 
the  N.W.  headland  of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Patras. 
Lat.  38°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  8'  E. 

Cape  Small  Point,  Me.,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance 
to  the  Kennebec.   Lat.  43°  40'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  69°  48'  48"  W. 

Cape  Solan'der,  in  East  Australia,  bounds  Botany 
Bay  on  the  S. 

Cape  SoVell',  Tasmania,  W.  side  of  the  entrance  into 
Macquarie  Harbor.     Lat.  42°  10'  S.;  Ion.  115°  11'  E. 

Cape  Southamp'ton,  the  S.  extremity  of  Southamp- 
ton Island,  on  Hudson's  Bay,  near  lat.  63°  N.,  Ion.  84°  W. 

Cape  Spada,  spi'di  (anc.  Tit'yrtis  Promonto'rium  ?), 
a  promontory  near  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Crete,  between 
the  Gulfs  of  Khania  and  Kisamos.  Lat.  35°  42'  N. ;  Ion. 
23°  43'  E. 

Cape  Spartel,  span-til',  or  Espartel,  fis-paR-tfil', 
Africa,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Morocco,  at  the  entrance  to 
the  Straits  of  Gibraltar,  1043  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  35° 
49'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  56'  W. 

Cape  Spartimento,  spaR-te-m5n'to,  a  headland  of 
Italy,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Salerno,  at  the  N.  entrance  to 
the  Gulf  of  Policastro.     Lat.  40°  N. ;  Ion.  15°  15'  E. 

Cape  Spartivento,  spaR-te-vfin'to,  Italy,  at  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  Catanzaro.     Lat.  37°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  5'  E. 

Cape  Spartivento,  on  the  S.  coa«t  of  Sardinia.  Lat. 
38°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  60'  B. 

Cape  Spear,  a  lofty  headland  of  Newfoundland.  Lat. 
47°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  67'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Split,  a  headland  of  Nova  Scotia,  extending  into 
the  Bay  of  Fundy.     Lat.  45°  22'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  64°  15'  W. 

Cape  Spulico,  spoo'le-ko,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Italy, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Taranto.     Lat.  39°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  36'  E. 

Capestang,  ki^pSsHfiN>»'  (anc.  Cap'ut  Stag'ni),  a  town 
of  France,  in  H6rault,  9  miles  W.  of  B6ziers,  on  the  Canal 
du  Midi,  and  near  Lake  Capestang.    Pop.  of  commune,  2618. 

Capesterre,  ki^pfis^taiR',  a  town  of  the  West  Indies, 
on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Marie-Galante. 

Capesterre,  La,  Guadeloupe.    See  La  Capesterre. 

Capestrano,  ki-p5s-tri'no,  a  small  town  of  Italj 
province  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  3374. 

Cape  Sunium,  Greece.    See  Cape  Colonna. 

Cape  Ta'ble,  the  E.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  ot' 


CAP 


795 


CAP 


Tera  Kako,  on  the  coast  of  New  Ulster,  one  of  the  New 
Zealand  islands.     Lat.  39°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  10'  B. 

Cape  Table,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tasmania.  Lat.  40° 
66'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  42'  E. 

Cape  Tafelneh,  ti-fel'n^h,  of  Morocco,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Tafelneh,  is  a  headland,  780  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Taimoor,  Taimour,  Taimur,  or  Tay- 
mour,  ti^moor',  a  headland  of  Siberia,  extending  into  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi, 
next  to  which  it  is  the  northernmost  promontory  of  Asia. 

Cape  Talabo,  ti-l4'bo,  on  the  B.  coast  of  Celebes,  at 
the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Goonong-Tella.  Lat.  0°  60'  S.  ; 
Ion.  123°  57'  E. 

Cape  Tarkhan,  taR-Kin',  the  westernmost  point  of 
the  Crimea,  extending  into  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  45°  20'  7" 
N. ;  Ion.  32°  29'  7"  B.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Temoel,  t4-mo-fil',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes, 
near  the  equator.     Lon.  119°  25'  E. 

Cape  TT^iiez,  Wniz',  on  the  N,  coast  of  Algeria.  Lat. 
36°  34' N.;  lon.  1°  23'  E. 

Cape  Teulada,  t5-oo-li'di,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia, at  the  E.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Palmas.  Lat.  38° 
51'  9"  N. ;  lon.  8°  39'  2'  E. 

Cape  Three  Points,  Africa,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Quinea. 
Lat.  4°  48'  N. ;  lon.  2°  6'  W. 

Cape  Tiburon,  te-boo-ron',  on  the  coast  of  South 
America,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Darien.  Lat.  8° 
^5'  N. ;  lon.  77°  20'  W. 

Cape   Tiburon,  te-boo-ron',  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 

lyti.     Lat.  18°  20'  N. ;  lon.  74°  29'  "W. 

Cape  Tindaro,  tin'di-ro,  a  headland  on  the  N.E. 

1st  of  Sicily,  in  the  Gulf  of  Patti,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Patti. 
lear  it  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Tyn'daris. 

Cape  Tinoso,  teen-yo'so,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Mur- 
Lat.  37°  30'  N. ;  lon.  1°  16'  W. 

Cape  Topalo-Polo,  to-p4'lo-po'lo,  called  by  Captain 

ak  Cape  Turnagain,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  North 

land  of  New  Zealand.     Lat.  40°  30'  S. ;  lon.  176°  42'  B. 

Cape  Tormen'tine,  a  headland  of  New  Brunswick, 
Northumberland   Strait,  22  miles  from  Sackrille.     A 
submarine  telegraph  cable  crosses  the  strait  here  to  Cape 
Traverse,  Prince  Edward  Island. 
IK  Cape  Torres,  toR'nis,  Spain,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Astu- 
Kas.     Lat.  43°  37'  N. ;  lon.  5°  44'  W. 
'"'  Cape  Tortosa,  toR-to'si,  Spain,  forming  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Buda,  off  the  coast  of  Catalonia. 
Lat.  40°  40'  N. ;  lon.  0°  47'  E. 

Cape  Tonrmente,tooR^m6Nt',  a  headland  on  the  N.W. 
ride  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  33  miles  below  Quebec. 

Cape  Town,  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, on  Table  Bay,  ^nd  at  the  foot  of  Table  Mountain,  30 
miles  N.  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.     Its  streets  are  well 

¥aved  and  lighted,  and  the  town  has  a  good  water-supply, 
he  principal  buildings  are  a  government  house,  court- 
houses, art  gallery,  exchange,  library,  post-oflSce,  the  old 
castle,  a  fine  museum,  the  new  parliament  house,  the  uni- 
versity, the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  &c.  There  are  also 
an  Anglican  college,  a  government  (South  African)  college, 
several  hospitals,  a  botanic  garden,  a  public  herbarium,  a 
noble  astronomical  observatory,  and  a  system  of  street  rail- 
ways, <fcc.  The  town  is  the  terminus  of  several  railways, 
and  has  fine  new  docks  and  a  breakwater.  It  is  an  im- 
portant port  of  call,  but  in  point  of  trade  falls  below  Port 
Elizabeth.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  and  an  An- 
glican bishop,  the  latter  of  metropolitan  rank.  Pop.  in 
1876,  33,239;  in  1891,  61,083;  or,  with  suburbs,  83,718. 

Cape  Townshend,  town'zend,  on  the  coast  of  Queens- 
land.    Lat.  22°  15'  S. ;  lon.  150°  45'  W. 

Cape  Trafalgar,  traf-al-gaR'  (anc.  Promonto'rium 
Juno'nis),  a  headland  of  Spain,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Cadiz. 
Lat.  36°  10'  N. ;  lon.  6°  1'  W.  In  the  memorable  engage- 
ment off  Cape  Trafalgar,  October  21, 1805,  the  English,  under 
Lord  Nelson,  who  was  killed  in  the  action,  gained  a  complete 
victory  over  the  combined  French  and  Spanish  fleets. 

Cape  Trav'erse,  a  post-village  and  headland  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  in  Northumberland  Strait,  9  miles  from  Cape 
Tormentine,  New  Brunswick,  33  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Char- 
lottetown.  In  winter,  communication  is  had  with  New 
Brunswick  by  means  of  an  ice-boat,  which  crosses  from 
here  to  Cape  Tormentine  tri-weekly.     Pop.  260. 

Cape  Tribula'tion,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  at 
Trinity  Bay,  near  lat.  16°  6'  S.,  lon.  145°  21'  E. 

Cape  Trinity,  trin'e-te,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Kadiak,in  the  Pacific,  near  lat.  57°  N.,  lon.  154°  W. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Trionto,  tre-on'to,  on  the  coast  of 
Italy,  extending  into  the  Gulf  of  Taranto.  Lat.  39°  35'  N. ; 
lon.  16°  50'  E. 


Cape  Turnagain.    See  Cape  Topalo-Polo. 

Cape  Vancouver,  van-koo'v§r,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Alaska.     Lat.  60°  30'  N.;  lon.  163°  30'  W. 

Cape  Van  Diemen,  van  dee'm^n,  the  most  N.  point 
of  Melville  Island.     Lat.  11°  8'  S.;  lon.  130°  20'  E. 

Cape  Vani,  vi'nee,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Milo.     Lat.  36°  45'  N. ;  lon.  24°  22'  E. 

Cape  Varella,  v&-rdl'l&,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin 
China,  in  the  China  Sea.     Lat.  12°  55'  N. ;  lon.  109°  25'  E. 

Cape  Vaticano,  v&-te-k&'no,  on  the  coast  of  Italy 
Lat.  38°  37'  N. ;  lon.  15°  51'  E. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Venus,  vee'nfis,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Tahiti.     Lat.  17°  29'  2"  S. ;  lon.  149°  29'  W. 

Cape  Verd  or  Verde,  v§rd  (Fr.  Cap  Vert  or  Verd, 
kip  vaiR,  i.e.,  "green  cape"),  the  westernmost  cape  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  between  the  rivers  Senegal 
and  Gambia.  Lat.  14°  43'  N. ;  lon.  17°  34'  W.  Named 
from  a  group  of  enormous  baobab-trees  crowning  its  sum- 
mit.    On  its  point  is  the  French  town  of  Dakar. 

Cape  Verd  (or  Verde)  Islands  (Port.  Ilhat  Verdeg, 
eel'yis  vSR'dfis,  i.e.,  "  green  islands ;"  Ger.  Inaeln  dea  Griinen 
Vorgehirges,  in'sdln  dfis  grii'n§n  foR-gi-bSgR'gh^s)  are  sit- 
uated in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  320  miles  W.  of  Cape  Verd, 
between  lat.  14°  45'  and  17°  13'  N.  and  lon.  22°  45'  anl 
25°  25'  W.  The  archipelago  consists  of  the  following 
islands,  Sal,  Boavista,  Mayo,  Santiago,  Fogo,  Brava, 
Grande,  Rombo,  Sao  Nicolao,  Santa  Luzia,  Branco,  Razo, 
Sao  Vicente,  and  Santo  Antonio,  with  several  smaller 
islets.  Area,  1680  square  miles.  They  are  disposed  in 
a  southern  or  windward  and  a  leeward  group.  They 
serve  as  a  penal  colony.  The  white  population  in  the 
archipelago  is  to  the  colored  as  1  to  20.  The  surface  of  the 
islands  is  in  general  mountainous,  and  some  of  their  peaks 
have  a  considerable  elevation.  The  volcano  of  Fogo  is  9157 
feet  in  height.  The  soil  is  extremely  various,  but  mostly 
fertile ;  the  absence  of  trees  and  the  scarcity  of  water  are 
the  causes  of  frequent  and  severe  distress.  Climate  very 
hot,  but  tempered  Dy  the  sea-breezes;  mean  temperature  of 
May  and  August,  70°.9;  April  to  September,  70°;  during 
the  other  months,  65°  Fahr. ;  the  mornings  and  evenings 
are  cool,  and  dews  abundant.  Chief  products,  fruits, 
maize,  beans,  coffee,  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  archil,  red  coral, 
salt,  and  oil-nuts.  Cattle  are  extensively  reared,  and  dried 
and  salted  provisions  form  a  considerable  article  of  export. 
Goats  and  pigs  are  abundant.  Asses  and  mules  are  the 
only  beasts  of  burden.  Fowls  are  abundant  in  most  of  the 
islands ;  serpents  and  venomous  reptiles  are  unknown ; 
whales  abound  in  the  neighboring  seas,  and  are  fished  by 
Americans.  Amber  is  found  on  all  the  coasts,  which  are 
frequented  by  turtles.  The  natives  are  quiet  and  docile, 
but  extremely  indolent.  The  Portuguese  language  is  cor- 
rupted into  a  jargon  called  lingua  creoula.  Agriculture 
and  the  preparation  of  salt  are  the  chief  branches  of  in- 
dustry ;  linens,  pottery-ware,  soap,  and  leather  are  manu- 
factured in  some  of  the  islands.  These  islands,  together 
with  the  Portuguese  possessions  on  the  continent  of  Africa, 
near  Cape  Roxo,  constitute  the  province  of  Cape  Verd,  the 
capital  of  which  is  Porto  Praya.  The  province  is  under  a 
governor-general.  The  Roman  Catholic  is  the  only  form  of 
worship.     Pop.  in  1875,  90,704 ;  in  1883,  107,024. 

Cape  Verga,  v§r'ga,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat 
10°  18'  N.;  lon.  14°  2b''W. 

Cape  Victo'ria  (or  Vic'tory),  South  America,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia. 

Cape  Vidio,  vee'de-o,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Asturias. 
Lat.  43°  38'  N.;  lon.  6°  19'  W. 

Cape  Villano,  veel-yi'no,  Spain,  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Galicia.     Lat.  43°  9'  N. ;  lon.  9°  10'  W. 

Cape'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk. 

Cape  Vin'cent,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cape  Vincent  township,  and  on  the 
St.  Lawrence  River  where  it  issues  from  Lake  Ontario,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Watertown,  and  12  miles  by  steam-ferry 
S.E.  of  Kingston,  Canada.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  brewery,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  steam- 
boat-landing, and  a  newspaper  oflice.  This  place  has  im- 
portant fisheries.     Pop.  1269;  of  the  township,  3188. 

Cape  Vir'gin,  a  headland  of  South  America,  on  the 
coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  N.  entrance  to  the  Strait  of  Ma- 
gellan.    Lat.  52°  24'  S. ;  lon.  68°  22'  W. 

Cape  Viscardo,  vis-kaR'do,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Cephalonia.     Lat.  38°  28'  N. ;  lon.  20°  35'  E. 

Cape  Voltaire,  vol-tair',  a  headland  of  Northwestern 
Australia,  bounding  Admiralty  Gulf  on  the  W.  Lat.  14"' 
15'  S. :  lon.  125°  40'  E. 


CAP 


796 


CAP 


Cape  Voltas,  vol'tis,  South  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Orange  River,     Lat,  28°  44'  S. ;  Ion.  16°  32'  E. 

Cape  Wai-Apoo  (or  Wai-Apou),  wi-i-poo',  or 
£ast  Cape,  the  E.  point  of  New  Ulster,  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  37°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  38'  E. 

Cape  Walk'er,  in  the  W.  part  of  Greenland,  on  BafiSn's 
Bay.     Lat.  75°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  30'  W. 

Cape  Wal'singham,  North  America,  N.  of  the  en- 
trance into  Cumberland  Straits.     Lat.  66°  N. ;  Ion.  61°  W. 

Cape  West,  on  the  W.  coast  of  New  Munster,  one  of 
the  New  Zealand  Isles.     Lat.  45°  64'  S. ;  Ion.  166°  40'  E. 

Cape  Wiles,  wilz,  South  Australia,  bounds  Sleaford 
Bay  on  the  W,     Lat.  34°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  38'  E. 

Cape  Wrath  forms  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Scotland. 
Lat.  58°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  1'  W.  It  is  a  pyramid  of  gneiss, 
having  on  it  a  light-house,  with  a  light  400  feet  high. 

Cape  Ycacos,  e-k&'koce,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Cuba,  bounding  the  Bay  of  Matanzas  on  the  N.E.  Lat. 
23°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  10'  W. 

Cape  York,  the  N.  point  of  Australia,  on  the  E.  of 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.    Lat.  10°  41'  6"  S. ;  Ion.  142°  34'  E. 

Cape  York,  in  the  W.  part  of  Greenland,  on  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  75°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  W. 

Cape  Zaffarana,  dz&f-f&-r&'n&,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  11  miles  E.  of  Palermo,  on  the  E.  side  of  its  bay,  E. 
point  in  lat.  38°  6'  5"  N.,  Ion.  13°  34'  E. 

Cape  Zambrona,  dz&m-bro'n&,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Calabria,  near  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Santa  Eufemia. 
Lat.  38°  46'  N.;  Ion.  16°  3'  E. 

Cape  Zibeeb,ze-beeb',  orRas-Sidi-Ali-al-Shn- 
8ha,  r&s-8ee'dee-&'lee-&l-shoo'sh&,in  Africa,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Tunis.     Lat.  37°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  E. 

Cap  Faux,  the  French  for  Cape  False. 

Caphareus,  the  ancient  name  of  Cape  Doro. 

Capibari,  k&-pe-b&-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  120  miles 
W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  2000, 

Capibari,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  a 
tributary  of  the  Tiete,  an  affluent  of  the  Parand. 

Capibaribe,  k&-pe-bS,-ree'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Pernambuco,  rising  in  lat.  7°  50'  S.,  Ion.  37°  45'  W,, 
flowing  E.  and  S.,  and  falling  by  two  mouths  into  the  Bay 
of  Recife.     Total  course,  about  200  miles  direct. 

Capio'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Capioma  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Sabetha,  and  about  55 
miles  N.  of  Topeka,     Pop,  of  the  township,  533, 

Capistrauo,  k&p-is-tr&'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  Cal.,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Anaheim. 

Capistrello,  kip-is-tril'lo,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  3i 
miles  W.  of  Lake  Fucino.    Pop.  2065. 

Capitauata,  ki-pe-ti-n4't4,  a  former  province  of  Italy, 
now  called  Foggia. 

Capitium,  or  Capytium.    See  Capizzi. 

Cap'itol  City,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of  Hins- 
dale CO.,  Colorado,  135  miles  from  Alamosa,  It  has  silver- 
mines  and  smelting-works. 

Capitol  JUonntain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Moun- 
tains, in  lat.  39°  9'  N,,  Ion.  107°  4'  40"  W.,  13,997  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  composed  of  eruptive  or 
igneous  rocks,  and  is  very  precipitous. 

Capivari,  ki-pe-vi-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Janeiro.  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cabo  Frio.     Pop,  3500. 

Capiz,  or  Capis,  ki-peece',  a  city  of  the  Philippines, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Capiz,  a  part  of  the  island  of 
Panay,  The  town  is  on  the  N,  coast  of  the  island,  and  is 
the  residence  of  a  Spanish  governor.  It  is  mostly  built  of 
wood,  and  is  defended  by  a  small  fort.  Pop.  11,000 ;  of 
the  province,  272,292. 

Capizzi,  ki-pit'see  (anc.  Capy'tium  or  Gapi'tium),  a 
town  of  Sicily,  19  miles  W.N.W,  of  Bronte,     Pop.  4029, 

Ca'pleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co,,  Tenn.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Cap'linger's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co,,  Mo, 

Capo  dell'  Armi,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Armi. 

Capo  di  Cavallo,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Cavallo, 

Capo  di  Faro,  Sicily,    See  Cape  Faro. 

Capo  di  Sant'  Andrea.    See  Cape  Saint  Andrew. 

Capo  d'Istria,  ki'po  dis'tre-i  (anc.  jEgida),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Austria,  on  a  rook  in  the  Gulf  of  Triest,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  the  city  of  Triest.  It  was  once  the  capital  of  Vene- 
tian Istria,  and  it  has  numerous  churches,  a  gymnasium, 
and  a  prison.     Its  harbor  is  little  frequented.     Pop.  9169. 

Capo  d'Oro,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Doro, 

Capodrisi,  ki-po-dree'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  3  miles  S.W,  of  Caserta,     Pop.  2809. 

Ca'pon  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Capon  River,  19  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Winchester, 
V*.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 


Capon  Iron-Works,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W. 
Va.,  33  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winchester.  Here  is  a  blast- 
furnace for  iron ;  also  a  forge. 

Capon  Road  Depot,  a  post-offioe  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  S.S.W,  of  Winchester. 

Capon  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles  from  Capon  E,oad  Station. 

Caposelle,  ki-po-s41'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  4094. 

Capoue,  the  French  for  Capua. 

Cappadocia,  kap-pa-do'she-a,  an  ancient  province  of 
Asia  Minor,  now  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  between  lat.  37°  16 
and  39°  28'  N.  and  Ion.  32°  50'  and  39°  E,  It  was  sub- 
dued by  the  Persians  under  Cyrus,  and  after  the  time  of 
Alexander  was  governed  by  kings  of  its  own  till  a.d.  17, 
when  Tiberius  reduced  it  to  a  Roman  province.    Christianity 

was  early  propagated  in  Cappadocia, Adj,  and  inhab. 

Cappadocian,  kap-pa-do'she-an. 

Cappadocia,  kip-pi-do'che-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Aquila,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  2186. 

Cappaghwhite,  k&p^p&H-white',  a  town  of  Ireland, 
00.  and  7  miles  N.  of  Tipperary.     Pop.  637. 

Cap^paho'sic,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va. 

Cappanacushy,  k&p^pa-na-koo'shee,  a  group  of  islets 
in  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  3  miles  W.  of  Kenmare.  On  the 
opposite  mainland  are  the  remains  of  Cappanacushy  Castle. 

Cappel,  or  Kappel,  k&p-p41',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zurich.  Here  Zwinglius  waa 
killed  in  a  skirmish,  October  11,  1531.     Pop.  732. 

Cappeln,  k&p'p^ln,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9 
miles  N.E,  of  Osnaburg.     Pop,  776. 

Cappeln,  a  village  of  Prussia,  Sleswiok,  on  the  Sley, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Flensborg.     Pop.  2609. 

Cap'peln,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  oo..  Mo.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cap^poquin',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Waterford,  on 
the  Blackwater,  4  miles  E.N.E,  of  Lismore.    Pop.  1526. 

Capp's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Newtonia  township,  6  miles  from  Pierce  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Capp's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Capracotta,  ki-pri-kot'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3238. 

Caprsya,  ki-pri'yi  (anc.  Capra'ria  or  Capra'sia),  an 
island  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  port  on  the  E. 
side,  17  miles  E.  of  the  N,  extremity  of  Corsica,  Length, 
3i  miles ;  breadth,  IJ  miles.     Pop.  476. 

Caprara,  k&-pr&'r&,  the  northernmost  of  the  islands 
called  Tremiti,  in  the  Adriatic.     It  has  a  port. 

Capraria,  the  ancient  name  of  Capraja. 

Capraria,  one  of  the  Balearic  Isles.    See  Cabrera, 

Caprarola,  k4-pri-ro'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S,B. 
of  Viterbo,  with  a  castle  on  the  slopes  of  Mount  Gimino, 
unrivalled  as  a  specimen  of  the  fortiiied  architecture  of  the 
sixteenth  century.     Pop.  5369. 

Caprasia,  the  ancient  for  Capraja. 

Capreae,  an  ancient  name  of  Capri. 

Caprera,  k&-pr4'r&,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Length  from  N.  to  S.,  5 
miles.    It  was  the  home  of  Garibaldi. 

Caprese,  ki-pri'sA,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Arezzo,  the  birthplace  of  Michael  Angelo.     Pop.  2098. 

Capri,  ki'pree  (anc.  Cap'rem),  an  island  of  Italy,  at  the 
S.  entrance  of  the  bay,  and  20  miles  S.  of  the  city,  of  Naples. 
Length,  4^  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  coasts  steep  and 
nearly  inaccessible,  except  near  Capri,  a  small  fortified 
town,  with  a  large  seminary,  and  a  population  of  2332,  on 
its  S.  side.  On  the  coast  is  the  stalactitic  cave  called  the 
"Grotto  of  Nymphs;"  and  the  island  contains  numerous 
Roman  ruins,  and  is  much  visited  for  its  singular  beauty. 

Capri,  ki'pree,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
10  miles  W.  of  Sebenico. 

Capriata,  ki-pre-i'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  NovL     Pop.  2660. 

Capriati,  k4-pre-i'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Venafro.     Pop.  894. 

Cap'ricorn  Islands,  a  group  off  the  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  tropic  of  Capricorn.     Lon.  151°  15'  E. 

Caprino,  ki-pree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Bergamo,  with  silk-manufactures.     Pop.  1660. 

Caprino,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Verona. 
Pop.  5480. 

Ca'pron,  a  post- village  of  Boone  co..  111.,  70  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brick 
and  tile,  screen  doors,  and  dairy  products.     Pop.  436. 


I 


CAP 


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OAR 


Cap  Rouge,  kip  roozh,  a  post- village  in  Quebec  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  above 
Quebec.  It  has  a  pottery,  several  stores  atd  hotels,  and  a 
large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  800. 

Caprus,  a  river  of  Turkish  Koordistar,     See  Zab. 

Capryke,  ki-pri'k§h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3600. 

Capsa,  a  town  of  Africa,  Tunis.     See  Gafsa. 

Cap  Saint- Ignace,  kip  sS,Nt-een'yiss',  a  post- village 
in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
renoe,  66  miles  by  rail  below  Quebec.  It  contains  several 
Btores  and  mills.     Pop.  300. 

Capsali,  kip-si'lee,  a  town  of  the  Greek  island  of 
Cerigo,  near  the  S.  side,  upon  the  slope  of  a  mountain.  It 
has  a  commodious  harbor,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  1500. 

Cap  Saat6,  k8,p_  sdwoHi',  formerly  La  Sainte  Fa- 
mine, li  siNt  fi^meeP,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Port- 
neuf,  Quebec,  is  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  31 
miles  above  Quebec.  It  contains  several  stores,  hotels,  and 
mills.     Pop.  400. 

Cap'tain's  Harbor,  a  port  of  Alaska,  island  of  Oona- 
laska ;  next  to  Sitka  and  Kadiak,  the  most  important  place 
in  the  territory.  It  has  a  hot  sulphur  spring,  and  is  the 
seat  of  considerable  trade. 

Capti'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  York 
township,  4  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  about  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Captina  Creek,  Belmont  co.,  0.,  runs  eastward,  and 
ers  the  Ohio  River  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  that  county. 

Capna,  kap'u-a  or  k4'poo-i  (anc.  Caaili'num),  a  city 
of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Caserta,  on  the  Volturno, 
20  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Naples.  Pop.  13,145.  It  was  forti- 
fied by  Vauban,  and  is  still  an  important  fortress.  It  was 
built  by  the  Lombards  in  855  out  of  the  ruins  of  ancient 
Capua,  the  remains  of  which,  about  2  miles  E.,  include  a 
gate  and  portions  of  a  large  amphitheatre.  The  modern 
town  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  cathedral  with 
antique  columns;  it  comprises  18  parish  churches,  several 
convents,  a  royal  college,  military  school,  hospitals,  and 
public  fountains.  The  ancient  Capua,  one  of  the  finest  and 
most  agreeable  cities  of  Italy,  was  of  such  extent  as  to  be 
compared  to  Rome  and  Carthage.  Hannibal  wintered  here 
after  the  battle  of  Cannse.  It  was  a  favorite  place  of  re- 
sort of  the  Romans,  on  account  of  its  agreeable  situation  and 
its  climate ;  and  many  ruins  attest  its  ancient  splendor. 

Capua,  ki'poo-i,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Panama,  S.W.  of  Chorrera. 

Capul,  ki-pool',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  ofi'  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Samar,     Lat.  12°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  9'  E. 

Capurso,  ki-pooR'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Bari.     Pop.  2400. 

Ca'put,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co..  Mo. 

Caput  Stagni,  the  ancient  name  of  Capestang. 

Capvern,  a  village  of  France.    See  Capbebn. 

Capytium,  the  ancient  name  of  Capizzi. 

Caqueta,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Japura. 

Ca'ra,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  ofif  its  W. 
coast,  immediately  S.  of  Gigha. 

Cara,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Koh-Krah. 

Carabanchel  Alto,  ki-ra-vin-chfil' il'to,  and  Cara- 
banchel  Bajo,  ki-ri-v4n-chSl'  bi'Ho,  two  villages  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  3  miles  S.  of  Madrid.  Pop.,  respect- 
ively, 1512  and  1214. 

Carabaya,  k4-ra,-bi'4,  a  province  of  Peru,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puno.     It  contains  mines  of  silver  and  gold. 

Carabobo,  ki-ri-bo'bo,  a  maritime  state  of  Venezuela, 
extending  S.E.  from  the  eastern  arm  of  the  Andes,  and 
bounded  S.  by  Cojedes.  Area,  2247  square  miles.  It  is 
very  fertile,  and  produces  coffee  and  sugar.  Capital,  Va- 
lencia.    Pop.  in  1873,  117,605;  in  1890,  175,294. 

Caraca,  k3,-ri'ki,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  N.  of  the  city  of  Mariana.  It  is  a  portion  of  the 
Cordillera  of  Mantiqueira,  being  one  of  its  highest  ranges. 

Caracal,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Karakal. 

Caracas,  kk-rk'kis,  or  Santiago  de  lieon  de 
Caracas,  s3,n-te-4'go  di  14-on'  di  ki-ri'kis,  a  city  and 
capital  of  Venezuela  and  of  its  federal  district,  lat.  10°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  67°  4'  W.,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Guayra.  It  has  a 
pleasant  and  healthful  climate,  is  well  built,  with  regular 
streets  crossing  at  right  angles,  a  fine  cathedral,  20  churches, 
and  a  university.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  baa  good  public 
buildings,  and  is  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  fre- 
quently suffered  from  earthquakes.    Pop.  in  1888,  70,446. 

Cardcas,  or  The  Federal  District,  a  small  terri- 
tory of  Venezuela,  comprising  the  city  of  Caracas  and  its 
environs.  Area,  7  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  71,399. 
The  former  state  of  Caracas  is  now  called  Bolitar. 


Caracas,  k&-r3,'k&fi,  a  group  of  small,  uninhabited 
islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  coast  of  Venezuela,  a  little  W. 
of  Cumana. 

Carache,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  £l-Akaish. 

Caracoles,  or  La  Placilla  de  Caracoles,  IL 
pl&-seel'y&  d&  ki-ri-ko'lSs,  a  town  of  Chili,  in  the  province 
of  Atacama,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Antofagasta.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Cobija,  Antofagasta,  and  Mejillones  by  railways. 
Here  are  some  of  the  richest  silver-mines  in  the  world. 

Caraglio,  ki-r41'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  6 
miles  W.  of  Coni,  on  the  Grana.  It  has  manufactures  of 
silks,  and  5  annual  fairs.     Pop.  3240. 

Cara-Hissar.    See  EARA-HissABandAFiooH-KARA- 

HiSSAR. 

Caralis,  the  ancient  name  of  Cagliari. 

Caramagna,  k3,-ri-m4n'y4,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Coni.     Pop.  3461. 

Caraman,  k4^r4^mftNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  9  miles  N.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  2277. 

Caraman,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Earauan. 

Caramania,  Asia  Minor.    See  Karahania. 

Caramanico,  k4-r4-m4'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2865. 

Carambis,  the  ancient  name  of  Cape  Kerempe. 

Caramnassa,  or  Karamnasa,  k4-r4m-n4s's4,  a 
river  of  British  India,  tributary  to  the  Ganges,  and  sepa- 
rating the  districts  of  Shahabad  and  Benares.  It  is  re- 
garded with  abhorrence  by  the  Hindoos,  who  consider  con- 
tact with  its  waters  sufficient  to  undo  all  their  good  works. 
Hence  its  name,  "the  destruction  of  pious  works."  It  dries 
up  in  February,  but  is  navigable  a  part  of  the  year. 

Caranga,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Coringa. 

Carangamite,  or  Corangamite,  ka-r4n-g4-meet', 
a  salt-water  lake  in  the  S.  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  50  miles 
W.  of  Geelong.  Area,  76  square  miles.  It  is  upwards  of 
90  miles  in  circumference ;  to  the  S.  it  is  so  shallow  as  to 
be  fordable  for  a  distance  of  15  miles.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Carang  Assem,  k4-r4ng'  as^sSm',  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Bali,  on  Lombok  Strait.     Lat.  8°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  116°  34'  E. 

Caraiya,  k4-r4n'j4  (anc.  Caliana  f),  an  island  of  India^ 
in  Bombay  harbor,  about  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city.  It  is 
nearly  circular,  and  4  miles  in  diameter. 

Carano,  k4-r4'no,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Trent.     Pop.  804. 

Carapella,  k4-r4-p5l'l4,  a  river  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  48  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic 
9  miles  S.  of  Manfredonia.  Near  its  mouth  it  sends  east- 
ward a  branch  to  the  Lagoon  of  Salpi. 

Caraquette,  k4*r4^kSt',  a  port  of  entry  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Caraquette  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the 
Bay  of  Chaleurs,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bathurst.  It  is  an 
important  fishery  station.  There  is  a  light-house  on  Cara- 
quette Island  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor.     Pop.  1000. 

Cararia,  the  ancient  name  of  Carrara. 

Carasco,  k4-r4s'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  2i  miles  N.E. 
of  Chiavari.     Pop.  1982. 

Carate,  k4-r4't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  N.  of  Milan, 
Pop.  4362. 

Caratova,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Earatota. 

Caratraca  Spring.    See  Carratraca  Springs. 

Caratuez,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Poti. 

Caravaca,  k4-r4-v4'k4,  a  town  of  Spain,  39  milea 
N.W.  of  Murcia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Segura.  Pop.  6840. 
It  has  convents  and  hospitals,  a  college,  and  a  ruined  castle. 

Caravaggio,  k4-r4-v4d'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bergamo.  Pop.  5880.  It  ia 
the  birthplace  of  the  painters  Polidoro  Caldara  and  Michael 
Angelo  Merigi,  both  named  Caravaggio  from  this  town. 

Caravajales,  k4-r4-v4-H4'lds,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Leon,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  577. 

Caravajales  de  la  Encomienda,  k4-r4-v4-B4'168 
d4  14  £n-ko-me-£n'd4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  40  milea 
N.W.  of  Zamora. 

Caravanchel,  villages  of  Spain.    See  Carabanchel. 

Caravel  las,  k4r4-vdri4s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the 
state  of  Bahia,  on  the  Bay  of  Caravellas.  Lat.  17°  49'  S.; 
Ion.  39°  26'  W.     Pop.  5000. 

Carballo,  kaR-b4ryo,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Corunna.    Pop.  1004. 

Car'berry,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Manitoba,  on  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  106  miles  W.  of  Winnipeg. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  milling  and  brewing  company,  and  na- 
merous  stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  300. 

Carbet,  or  Le  Carbet,  l^h  kaR^b4',  a  town  of  Mar- 
tinique, on  the  W.  side  of  the  island,  is  a  southern  suburb 
of  St.  Pierre.  South  of  the  town  is  the  Piton  de  Cnrbet.  a 
volcanic  mountain  3923  f  et  high. 


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Car'bon;  a  county  in^the  E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  412  squaJre  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Mahoning,  Qualiake, 
and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  the 
county  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Kittatinny  Mountain. 
It  is  remarkable  for  wild  and  picturesque  scenery,  but  does 
not  contain  much  fertile  or  arable  land.  The  chief  article 
of  export  is  anthracite  coal  of  superior  quality.  Near  the 
top  of  Mauch  Chunk  Mountain  is  a  bed  of  coal  about  50 
feet  thick.  As  many  as  400,009  tons  of  coal  have  been 
mined  in  this  county  in  a  year.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad.  Capital,  Mauch  Chunk.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,144, 
in  1880,  31,923  J  in  1890,  38,624. 

Carbon^  a  county  of  Wyoming,  bordering  on  Colorado. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Powder,  Medicine  Bow,  and  Sweetwater 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  valleys, 
and  elevated  plains.  This  county  comprises  a  large  part 
of  Laramie  Plain,  a  fertile  plateau  which  is  about  8000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  (See  Larahie.)  The  S.W.  part 
of  the  county  is  occupied  by  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  has  extensive 
beds  of  bituminous  coal.  Capital,  Rawlins.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1368 ;  in  1880,  3438 ;  in  1890,  6857. 

Carbon,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  oo.,  Cal.,  about  50 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  church  organization 
and  a  saw- mill.     Pop.  100. 

CarboU)  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  7  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Brazil. 
Block-coal  is  mined  here.  Carbon  has  3  churches,  3  hotels, 
a  graded  school,  a  brick-kiln,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  heading  and  staves.     Pop.  521. 

Carbon,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  from 
Corning.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  350. 

Carbon,  a  station  in  Webster  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque 
&  Sioux  City  Railroad,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Carbon,  a  coal-mining  hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Macon. 

Carbon,  a  post-town  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex.,  48  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Carbon,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Wheeling 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Wheeling. 

Carbon,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  oo.,  Wyoming,  84 
miles  by  rail  N.  W.  of  Laramie.  Coal-mining  is  carried  on 
here.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  common  and  a  high 
Rchool,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1140. 

Carbonara,  kaR-bo-ni'rfl,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  36  miles  E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2986. 

Carbonara,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles  S. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  4870. 

Carbonara,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  22i  miles 
S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1381. 

Carbonara,  kaR-bo-n&'ri,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  on  the  Voyussa,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avlona. 

Carbon  Black,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  is  at 
Saxonburg  Railroad  Station. 

Carbon-Blanc,  kaR*b6No'-bl&no,  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Qironde,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Bordeaux.    Pop.  839. 

Carbon  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo. 

Carbon  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Clearfield  township,  on  the  Karns  City  &  Butler  Railroad,  6 
miles  from  Butler.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  oil-wells. 

Carbon  Cliff,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co..  111., 
in  Hampton  township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St. 
Loui<  Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island  City.  It  has 
a  cl lurch,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  odd- 
shajied  bricks  for  cupolas,  &c. 

Car'bondale,  a  station  on  the  Amador  Branch  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  the  junction  at 
Gait,  Cal. 

Carbondale,  a  post-village  of  Garfield  co..  Col.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Glenwood  Springs,  It  has  a 
church,  a  bank,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  166. 

Carbondale,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  111.,  in  Car- 
bondale township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Grand  Tower  <fc  Carbondale  Railroad, 
67  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  is  the  west  terminus  of  the  Car- 
bondale &  Shawneetown  Railroad,  and  contains  the  South- 
ern Illinois  Normal  University,  founded  in  1869,  2  banks, 
4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here,  and  coal  is  mined  near  the 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2382,-  of  the  township,  3599. 

Carbondale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Williamsport. 


Carbondale,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Ridgeway  township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  & 
Western  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Topeka,  and  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Burlingame.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
ing-mill. Large  quantities  of  coal  are  mined  here  and  ex- 
ported.    Pop.  about  1200. 

Carbondale,  a  village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  4  miles  from 
Mineral  City.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Carbondale,  a  city  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  situated  on 
the  Lackawanna  River,  near  the  north  end  of  the  Lacka- 
wanna Valley,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton,  and  15  miles 
W.  of  Honesdale.  It  is  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  south  terminus  of  the  Jefi"erson  Branch 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Erie  Railroad  at  Sus- 
quehanna. It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2 
graded  schools,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  savings-bank,  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  3  foundries,  a 
brewery,  and  2  planing-mills.  Here  are  beds  of  coal  (an- 
thracite) about  20  feet  thick.  These  mines  are  owned  by 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company,  who  send  large 
quantities  of  coal  to  New  York.  It  is  drawn  by  steam- 
engines  on  inclined  planes  over  Moosic  Mountain,  which  is 
about  850  feet  higher  than  the  valley.  Much  coal  is  also 
transported  to  Binghamton  by  the  Jeff'erson  Branch  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  in  1880,  7714  5  in  1890,  10,833. 

Carbone,  kaR-bo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  39 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  1945. 

Car^bonear',  a  port  of  entry  on  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 4  miles  N.  of  Harbor  Grace.  It  has  15  or  16 
stores.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Carbonera  el  Mayor,  kan-bo-ni'ri  51  mi-yoR',  a 
town  of  Spain,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Segovia. 

Carbon  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ala..  13 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jasper.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Pop.  568. 

Carbon  Junction,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Joplin  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Carbon 
Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Girard. 

Carbonne,  kaR^bonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2484. 

Carcabuey,  kaa^ki-bwi',  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3700. 

Carcajente,  kaR-ki-nfin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Valencia,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  San 
Felipe.  Pop.  7280.  It  is  well  built  and  prosperous.  It 
has  linen-  and  woollen-manufactures,  and  many  Roman 
and  Moorish  remains  have  been  discovered  here. 

Carcassonne,  kan^kis^sonn'  (anc.  Oar'caso),  a  city 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aude,  on  the  Aude, 
and  on  the  Canal  du  Midi,  at  a  railway  junction,  55  miles  S.E. 
of  Toulouse.  Pop.  23,600.  It  is  divided  by  the  river  into 
the  old  city  and  the  new  town.  The  new  town  is  regularly 
laid  out,  well  built,  traversed  by  running  streams,  furnished 
with  marble  fountains,  and  has  many  handsome  squares. 
The  aqueduct  bridge  of  Tresquel  is  ornamented  with  a  mar- 
ble column  to  the  memory  of  Riquet  the  engineer.  The  old 
city  stands  on  elevated  ground,  and  is  interesting  as  retain- 
ing unchanged,  to  a  great  extent,  the  aspect  of  a  fortress  of 
the  Middle  Ages.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  of  great  solidity, 
portions  of  which  are  supposed  to  be  as  old  as  the  time  of 
the  Visigoths ;  and  it  contains  the  castle  and  the  old  cathe- 
dral. The  other  principal  edifices  in  Carcassonne  are  the 
new  cathedral,  with  a  fine  spire,  the  public  library  of  20,000 
volumes,  prefecture,  town  hall,  hospitals,  theatre,  barracks, 
and  church  of  St.  Vincent.  Carcassonne  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  communal  college,  a  normal  school,  and  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce.  It  has  been  celebrated  since  the  twelfth 
century  for  its  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  which  are 
still  important,  and  it  has  also  manufactures  of  paper,  leather, 
soap,  hosiery,  cotton  cloth,  wadding,  ironware,  and  pottery. 

Carcavellos,  kaR-kl-vSl'looe,  a  village  of  Portugal 
in  Estremadura,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lisbon. 

Carcelen,  kaR-th^-lfin',  a  town  of  Spain,  23  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1312. 

Carets,  kaR^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  on  the 
Argens,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2749. 

Carcha,  kaR-chS,',  or  San  Pedro  Carchd,  s4n 
pi'Dro  kaR-chi',  a  town  of  Guatemala,  a  few  miles  N.  of 
Cohan,  is  said  to  have  a  population  of  36,000. 

Carcul'la,  a  town  of  British  India,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Mangalore,  with  a  ruined  palace  of  the  rajahs  of  Tulaya. 

Cardaillac,  kaRMS.ryS,k'  or  kaRMi^yik',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lot,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1273. 

Carden,  kan'd^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia.  18  mile* 
S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  659. 


CAR 


799 


CAR 


Cardenas,  kaR'di-n&s,  a  seaport  town  of  Cuba,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  island,  120  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Havana.  Its 
harbor  has  from  5  to  6  fathoms  of  water,  and  good  anchor- 
age. Railway  and  telegraph  connect  it  with  Matanzas  and 
Havana.     Pop.  3500. 

CardeAosa,  kaR-dSn-yo's&,  a  town  of  Spain,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  800. 

Car'den's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Carter  go.,  Tenn. 

Carden's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Yell  oo.,  Ark. 

Cardiff,  or  Caerdiff,  kar'diff( Welsh,  Gaerdydd,  ki'er- 
dixH),  a  borough  and  port  of  Wales,  capital  of  Glamorgan- 
shire, on  the  estuary  of  the  Severn,  at  the  mouth  of  the  TaflF, 
170  miles  by  rail  W.  of  London.  It  is  the  terminus  of  sev- 
«ral  railways,  and  a  great  point  for  the  shipment  of  coal, 
iron  and  steel  rails,  and  tin-plate.  Steamers  ply  hence  to 
New  York  and  other  leading  ports.  Several  capacious 
docks,  basins,  and  piers  increase  its  facilities  for  shipping. 
It  has  a  noble  old  castle,  fine  public  and  private  buildings, 
and  numerous  iron-mills,  ship-yards,  &c.  One  of  its  suburbs 
is  the  ancient  city  of  LlandafF.  Pop.  of  Cardiff  in  1800,  about 
1000;  in  1871,  56,911;  in  1881,  85,378;  in  1891,  132,162. 

Car'diff,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa. 

Cardiff,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  10  or  11 
jDoiles  S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  147. 

Cardigan,  or  Cardiganshire,  kar'de-gan-shir,  a 
county  of  South  Wales,  having  on  the  W.  Cardigan  Bay. 
Area,  693  square  miles,  of  which  scarcely  more  than  one- 
third  is  arable.  The  surface  is  level  on  the  coast,  in  the 
interior  mountainous,  but  interspersed  with  fertile  valleys. 
Plinlimmon,  2463  feet  in  height,  is  in  its  N.E.  part.  Its 
«hief  rivers  are  the  Teify,  Dovy,  Ridol,  Ystwith,  Arth,  and 
Towy.  Silver-bearing  ores  of  lead  are  profitably  wrought. 
■Chief  towns,  Cardigan,  Aberystwith,  Lampeter,  and  Adpar. 
It  returns  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in 
1871,  73,441;  in  1881,  70,270;  in  1891,  62,596. 

Cardigan,  a  borough  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Teify,  5  miles  from  its  entrance  into  St. 
•George's  Channel,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Haverford-West,  and 
36  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Carmarthen.  It  has  two  stone 
•bridges  across  the  Teify,  an  old  and  stately  church,  the  re- 
mains of  an  ancient  castle  famous  in  Welsh  history,  a  gram- 
mar-school founded  in  1765,  a  county  hall,  a  jail,  and  a  branch 
bank.  There  is  a  considerable  coasting-trade.  The  chief 
imports  are  coal,  limestone,  and  timber.  Exports,  slates, 
oats,  butter,  &c.  Vessels  exceeding  300  tons  can  enter  the 
harbor,  but  a  bar  at  its  mouth  renders  the  passage  danger- 
ous in  rough  weather.     Pop.  3461. 

Car'digan,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  22  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown.  It  contains  several 
mills  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  150. 

Cardigan  Bay,  an  inlet  of  St.  George's  Channel, 
Wales,  between  Brach-y-PwlI  and  Stumble  Headlands.  It 
receives  the  rivers  Maw,  Dovy,  Ystwith,  Yiron,  and  Teify. 
The  island  of  Bardsey  is  near  its  northern  extremity. 

Cardiganshire.    See  Cardigan. 

Cardinale,  kaR-de-ni'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  3313. 

Car'dington,  a  post- village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in  Car- 
dington  township,  on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  Olentangy 
River,  41  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  furniture-factory,  a  butter-tub-factory,  and  a 
weekly  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890, 1428 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2147. 

Cardington,  a  village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Upper 
Darby  township,  on  Cobb's  Creek,  1  mile  from  Fernwood 
Station,  which  is  4  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 

Cardiotissa,  or  Kardiotissa,  kaR-de-o-tis's&,  a 
small  island  belonging  to  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  between 
Sikino  and  Policandro.     Lat.  36°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  E. 

Cardito,  kaR-dee'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.  of 
Naples.     Pop.  4180. 

Cardiva,  kaR-dee'vi,  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands,  In- 
dian Ocean.     Lat.  6°  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'  E. 

Cardona,  kaR-do'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  44  miles  N.W. 
of  Barcelona.  Pop.  3060.  It  is  interspersed  with  cypress 
gardens,  and  has  defensive  works.  S.W.  of  the  town  is  a 
mountain  of  rock  salt,  500  feet  in  elevation,  which  afibrds 
an  inexhaustible  supply  of  absolute  purity,  and  so  hard 
that  it  hiis  to  be  blasted :  vases,  crucifixes,  and  other  arti- 
cles are  turned  of  this  material.  The  mountain  is  homo- 
geneous, and  the  only  one  of  the  kind  known  in  Europe. 

Car'dross,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Dumbarton,  on  the  Clyde,  3  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dum- 
barton. Robert  Bruce  died  here,  June  7,  1329.  Pop.  331  ; 
of  parifeh,  7i'80. 


Cards'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miu.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cardnchi.    See  Koordistan. 

Card'ville,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co,,  Me. 

Card'weli,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Harrodsburgh.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Cardwell,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Goochland  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Cardwell,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ontario. 
Area,  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Credit  River, 
and  traversed  by  the  Toronto,  Grey  <&  Brace  Railway. 
Pop.  16,500. 

Careggi,  k&-rdd'jee,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of 
Florence,  with  numerous  villas,  and  an  ancient  grand-duoal 
residence  of  the  Medici  family. 

Carelia,  a  district  of  Russia.    See  Karelia. 

Carencro,  ki^r6H"^kro',  a  post-village  of  La  Fayette 
parish.  La.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  La  Fayette.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  academies.     Pop.  289. 

Carennac,  k&^rSn^n&k',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Lot,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1020. 

Carentan,  ki^r6iJoH&N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manohe, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Taute,  17  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Saint-L6.  Pop.  3056.  It  has  old  fortifications,  and  a 
curious  Norman  church. 

Carentoir,  ki^r6N»HwaR',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Morbiban,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vannes.  Pop.  4665. 
It  trades  in  cider  and  butter. 

Caresana,  ki-r&-s&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  3375. 

Ca'rey,  a  post-village  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  in  Crawford 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &,  Cleveland  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Findlay  Branch,  and  on  the 
Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Toledo, 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Findlay.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a 
foundry,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  1605. 

Carey's,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Junction 
&,  Breakwater  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Milford. 

Careyville.    See  Cartville. 

Cargados,  kaR-gS,'d5ce,  Garayos,  gi-ri'yoce,  or 
Naz'areth  Islands,  a  group  of  3  small  isles  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  312  miles  N.E.  of  the  Mauritius,  of  which 
colony  they  are  a  dependency.  They  produce  cocoa-nuts, 
and  have  a  scanty  population. 

Cargh^se,  or  Cargese,  kaR^gaiz',  a  village  of  Cor- 
sica, 12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ajaccio,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sagone. 
Pop.  1063.  This  commune  was  a  Greek  colony,  and  ita 
church  service  follows  the  Greek  rite. 

Carhaix,  kaR^i'  (ano.  Vorga'nium?),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Finist^re,  near  the  Hydros,  37  miles  N.E.  of 
Quimper.  Pop.  2365.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the  brave  La 
Tour  d'Auvergne. 

Carhnamayo,  kaR-w4-mi'o,  a  town  of  Peru,  16  miles 
S.  of  Pasco,  lat.  11°  5'  S.,  Ion.  75°  45'  W.,  and  13,087 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Cariaco,  k&-re-&'ko,  or  San  Felipe  de  Austria, 
sin  fi-lee'pi  di  6ws'tre-i,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  40  miles  E. 
of  Cumana,  in  a  plain  watered  by  the  Cariaco  River,  near 
the  Gulf  of  Cariaco.  Lat.  10°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  40'  W 
Pop.  7000. 

Cariaco,  a  West  India  island.    See  Carriacoc. 

Cariati,  k4-re-i'tee  (anc.  Pater'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  on  the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  20  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Rossano.  Pop.  3439.  It  is  surrounded  by 
old  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  seminary.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Caribbean  or  Carribbean  (k&r^rib-bee'an)  Sea^ 
that  portion  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  lying  between  the  Carib- 
bees  or  Leeward  and  Windward  Islands  on  the  E.,  Central 
America  on  the  W.,  the  islands  of  Hayti  or  San  Domingo 
and  Cuba  on  the  N.,  and  the  United  States  of  Colombia  and 
Venezuela  on  the  S.  It  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  by  a  passage  of  about  120  miles  in  width  between 
Cape  Catoohe,  in  Yucatan,  and  Cape  San  Antonio,  the  most 
westerly  point  of  Cuba.  Its  southern  shores  are  generally  high 
and  rocky,  and  contain  some  gulfs  of  considerable  extent. 
Being  but  little  encumbered  with  rocks  or  islands,  ita  navi- 
gation is  for  the  most  part  clear  and  open. 

Caribbees,  kir'rib-b^z,  or  Lesser  Antilles  ^aaually 
divided  into  the  Windward  and  Leeward  Islands,  with  some 
minor  groups ;  a  section  of  the  West  India  Islands. 

Car'iboo,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
S.  of  Peabody. 

Cariboo  Island,  ofif  the  N.E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia, 
near  the  entrance  to  Pictou  harbor,  5  miles  N.  of  Piotou 
Lat.  45°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  46'  W. 


CAR 


800 


CAR 


Cariboo  Point,  a  peninsula  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Huron,  famed  on  account  of  the  hieroglyphics  which  have 
been  painted  upon  its  brow  by  the  Indians.  In  the  vicinity 
are  found  large  and  beautiful  agates. 

CariboU)  kir'i-boo,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Col- 
orado, on  the  Snowy  Range,  20  miles  W.  of  Boulder.  Alti- 
tude, 9905  feet.  It  has  rich  silver-mines,  2  hotels,  and  1  or 
more  quartz-mills.     Pop.  about  500. 

Caribou,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Aroostook  River  and  the  Aroostook  Railroad,  54  miles  N. 
of  Houlton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch,  saah, 
blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  of  Caribou  township,  4087. 

Carical,  a  town  of  India.    See  Carrical. 

Carife,  ki-ree'fi  (anc.  GalliJUe  ?),  a  town  of  Italy,  pror- 
mce  of  Avellino,  in  the  Apennines,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ari- 
.ino.     It  has  a  college.     Pop.  2400. 

Carignan,  ki^reen^yfiN"',  atownof  France,in  Ardennes, 
26  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  M6zi6re8.     Pop.  2051. 

Carignano,  kS.-reen-y4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  11  miles  S.  of  Turin.  Pop.  4665.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  has  a  commercial  college,  a  handsome  church,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  twist  and  confectionery.  Carignano 
(in  French,  Carignan)  gives  the  title  of  prince  to  a  branch 
of  the  royal  family. 

Carillon,  ki^reePySn',  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  51  miles  from  Montreal.  It 
is  a  port  of  landing,  and  the  S.E.  terminus  of  a  railway  ex- 
tending to  Grenville.     Pop.  500. 

Carilocus,  the  ancient  name  of  Charlieu. 

Carimata  (k&-ree-m3.'t&)  Islands  (Malay,  Kurimata), 
a  group  of  over  100  islands  in  the  Billiton  Passage,  W. 
of  Borneo.  Between  Grand  Carimata  (the  largest)  and  the 
island  of  Billiton  is  the  Carimata  Strait. 

Car^imo'na,  a  small  river  or  creek  of  Minnesota,  rises 
in  Mower  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  into  Fillmore  co.,  and 
enters  the  Root  River  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Preston. 

Carimona,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Carimona  township,  on  a  branch  of  Root  River,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  general 
stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  894. 

Carimou  Islands.    See  Great  and  Little  Carimons. 

Carimon  Java,  kiVe-mon'  ji'vi,  an  island  in  a  group 
of  the  same  name  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  20  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. Lat.  5°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  110°  34'  B.  It  contains 
a  Dutch  trading-post. 

Carifiena,  ki-reen-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3350. 

Carinhenha,  ki-reen-ySn'yi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rising 
in  the  state  of  Goyaz,  in  the  Serra  Tabatinga,  flows  E., 
forming  the  boundary-line  between  the  states  of  Babia  and 
Minas-Geraes,  and  falls  into  the  Sao  Francisco.  Length, 
160  miles  direct. 

Carinhenha,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  on 
the  Sao  Francisco,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Carinhenha,  52  miles 
N.  of  Salgado.     Pop.  2000. 

Carini,  ki-ree'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  "W.N.W. 
of  Palermo.  Pop.  9585.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  the 
small  river  of  the  same  name.  Among  its  public  buildings 
is  a  Gothic  castle.     Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Hyc«ara. 

Carinola,  ki-re-no'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  20  miles  E.  of  Gaeta.  Pop.  900 ;  with  commune, 
7640.     Its  vicinity  produces  excellent  wine. 

Carinthia,  ka-rin'the-a,  Karnthen,  or  Karnten, 
kaiRn't^n,  a  crown-land  and  titular  duchy  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary, in  Cisleithania,  enclosed  by  Salzburg,  Styria,  Car- 
niola,  Goritz,  Italy,  and  Tyrol.  Area,  4006  square  miles. 
Capital,  Klagenfurth.  Two-thirds  of  ifs  people  are  Ger- 
mane, and  one-third  of  Slavic  race.  Pop.  in  1 876,  378,705 ; 
in  1890,  361,008.     Its  surface  is  mountainous.     Principal 

river,  the  Drave.     Chief  lake,  the  Klagenfurth. Acy. 

and  inbab.  Carinthian,  ka-rin'the-an. 

Caripe,  kj-ree'pi,  a  town  and  valley  of  Venezuela,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Cumana. 

Car'isbrook,  a  post-oflBce  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Car'isbrooke,  a  village  and  parish  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  England,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Newport.  The  castle,  a 
British  fortress  prior  to  the  Roman  invasion,  was  taken  by 
Cerdic  the  Saxon  in  530 ;  afterwards  it  was  held  by  the  Nor- 
mans, and  its  fortifications  were  extended  by  Queen  Eliza- 
beth. It  is  a  magnificent  structure,  and  was  the  prison  of 
Charles  I.  for  13  months.  Within  its  walls  is  a  remarkable 
well,  200  feet  in  depth.  The  church  was  built  by  the  first 
Norman  lord  of  the  island,  and,  with  the  castle  and  village, 
is  singularly  picturesque. 

Caritammi,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Catriuani. 

Carl,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa, 


about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  of  hamlet,  75 ; 
of  township,  534. 

Carla-le-Compte,  kaRMi'-leh-k6Nt,  atown  of  France^ 
in  Ari6ge,  11  miles  W.  of  Pamiers.     Pop.  1869. 

Car'lee,  a  village  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  34 
miles  N.W.  of  Poonah,  famous  for  some  remarkable  cive- 
temples,  the  principal  of  which  is  one  of  the  finest  excava- 
tions of  its  kind  in  India,  having  an  arched  roof  supported 
by  sculptured  pillars. 

Carlentini,  kaR-lJn-tee'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  19  mile? 
N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  was  founded  by  the  Emperor  Charle? 
V.     Pop.  5756. 

Carlet,  kaR-15t',  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  S.  of  Valen- 
cia, on  the  Requena.     Pop.  4300. 

Carleton,  or  Carlton,  karl't9n,  a  post-village  of 
Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ash  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Can- 
ada Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Flint  &,  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Monroe,  and  29  mile* 
S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
stave-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  31  mile* 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks^ 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  700. 

Carleton,  karl't9n,  a  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  On- 
tario, has  an  area  of  649  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
a  railroad  extending  from  Prescott  to  Ottawa,  and  by  the- 
Canada  Central  Railway.     Capital,  Ottawa.     Pop.  43,284. 

Carleton,  a  county  in  the  western  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  river  St.  John.  It  contains 
deposits  of  iron  ore,  and  is  intersected  by  the  New  Bruns- 
wick <fc  Canada  Railway.  Area,  1250  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Woodstock.     Pop.  19,938. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  oo..  Nova  Scotia, 
16  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  778. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Tracadifiche  Mountains,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Dalhousie,  New  Bruns- 
wick. The  bay  opposite  the  village  affords  a  safe  refuge  for 
shipping.  Carleton  has  a  great  herring-fishery,  a  branch 
bank,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  33  miles  W.  of  Charlottetown,     Pop.  200. 

Carleton,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  western  side  of  the  harbor,  immediately  op- 
posite the  city.  It  has  a  number  of  steam  saw-mills,  n 
foundry,  many  fine  residences,  a  public  hall,  7  churches,, 
schools,  Ac.  A  large  portion  of  its  inhabitants  are  engaged 
in  the  fisheries.  A  steam-ferry  maintains  communication 
with  the  city  every  fifteen  minutes.  Carleton  is  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  European  &  North  American  Railway. 

Carleton,  a  village  in  Shelbume  oo..  Nova  Scotia,  9^ 
miles  from  Shelbume.     Pop.  1044. 

Carleton  Place,  a  town  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  at  a 
railway  junction,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  21  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Perth,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  great 
water-power,  several  saw-mills,  a  shingle-mill,  a  woollen- 
factory,  4  churches,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  Steamers 
ply  on  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1205. 

Carleton's  Store,  a  post-village  of  King  and  Queen 
CO.,  Va.,  10  miles  from  Sweet  Hall  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <feo. 

Car'lile  Springs,  a  station  on  the  Cailon  City  Branclk 
of  the  Denver  k  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  by  N 
from  Pueblo,  Colorado. 

Car'lin,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co..  111.    Pop.  534. 

Carlin,  a  post- village  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Hum- 
boldt River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  440  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  public  library  and  some 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  295. 

Car'lingford,  or  Car'linfora,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Louth,  on  the  southern  shore  of  Carlingford  Bay,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Dundalk.  It  has  the  remains  of  a  castle  and  of 
a  Dominican  friary.     Pop.  971. 

Car'lingford,  a  post-village  in  Perth  oo.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Sebringville.  It  has  saw-mills  and  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  100. 

Carlingford  Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  between 
the  cos.  of  Louth  and  Down,  11  miles  in  length  by  3  miles 
in  its  greatest  breadth. 

Car'lington  Mountains  are  situated  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  above  bay,  and  rise  to  1935  feet  in  height. 

Car'linville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macoupin  co., 
111.,  is  in  Carlinville  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Springfield,  and  33  milet 
N.N.E.  of  Alton.  It  is  1  or  2  miles  N.  of  Macoupin  Creek. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Blackburn  University  (Presbyterian),  whio^ 
was  organized  in  1867.     Carlinville  has  a  national  and  a 


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private  bnnk,  2  newspaper  offices,  8  churches,  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3293 ;  of  the  township,  4226. 

Carlinwark,  Scotland.    See  Castle  Douglas. 

Carlisle,  kar-lil'  (anc.  Luguvallio  or  Luguvallum),  a 
eity  of  England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Eden,  Caldew,  and  Petrie  Rivers,  at 
the  junction  of  seven  railways,  300  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lon- 
don, and  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newcastle.  Its  principal 
streets  diverge  from  an  irregularly  shaped  market-place,  and 
are  wide  and  well  paved.  The  cathedral,  which  is  situated 
on  an  elevated  site,  has  a  tower  130  feet  in  height,  and  a 
fine  eastern  window.  The  castle,  built  by  William  Rufus, 
on  an  eminence  beside  the  Eden,  is  now  used  for  a  barrack 
and  armory.  The  other  chief  structures  are  four  bridges, — 
one  across  the  Eden,  a  handsome  bridge  of  10  arches, — the 
town  hall,  guild  hall,  council-chamber,  jail,  news-rooms, 
court-houses,  railway  buildings,  banks,  infirmary,  a  gram- 
mar-school, an  academy  for  the  encouragement  of  arts  and 
mechanics'  institutions,  a  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  several 
libraries,  and  extensive  manufactories  of  cotton  goods,  print- 
and  dye-works,  iron-foundries,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  hat- 
factories.  Carlisle  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  city  corporation 
consists  of  a  mayor,  10  aldermen,  and  30  councillors.  The 
town  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Its  see, 
founded  by  Henry  I.,  comprises  parishes  in  Cumberland  and 
Westmoreland.  Carlisle  was  originally  a  Roman  station, 
called  Luguvallum,  abbreviated  by  the  Saxons  to  Luel,  to 
which  was  put  the  prefix  Caer,  or  "  city,"  whence  Carlisle. 
It  was  destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  the  ninth  century,  and 
subsequently  restored  by  William  Rufus.     Pop.  39,176. 

Carlisle,  kar^lil',  a  post-village  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark., 
31  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  numerous  stores  and  other  business 
concerns.     Pop.  about  600. 

Carlisle,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Carlisle. 

Carlisle,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Had- 
don  township,  on  the  Evansville  <k  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
36  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  499. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Allen 
township,  on  North  River,  and  on  a  branch  railroad  which 
connects  Des  Moines  with  Indianola,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Maysville  4  Lexington  Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  a  bank,  a  court-house,  the  Kentucky  Nor- 
mal School,  4  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  1081. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  5  miles  N.  of  Concord.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Concord  River.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  548. 
Carlisle  Station,  near  the  western  limit  of  the  township,  is 
on  the  Framingham  <fe  Lowell  Railroad. 

Carlisle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Kalamo 
township,  6i  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
a  manufactory  of  bedsteads,  croquet-sets,  carts,  Ac. 

Carlisle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Car- 
lisle township,  6  miles  N.  of  Cobleskill,  and  about  40  miles 
W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  a  fur- 
nace, a  tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 16.34. 

Carlisle,  a  hamlet  of  Brown  oo.,  0.,  about  45  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Carlisle,  a  hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in  Walnut  Creek 
township,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Massillon. 

Carlisle,  a  village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Stock  township, 
10  miles  E.  of  Caldwell,  and  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop.  Coal  is 
found  here.    Pop.  218.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Berne. 

Carlisle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  44  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Cincinnati,  and  12  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of 
Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  2729. 

Carlisle,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  the  long  and  fertile  Cumber- 
land Valley,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  33  miles  N.E. 
of  Chambersburg,  and  125  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  (which  connects  it  with 
Harrisburg),  and  is  at  the  north  terminus  of  the  South 
Mountain  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  Dickinson  College 
(Methodist),  founded  in  1783,  which  has  250  students  and 
libraries  containing  177,000  volumes.  Carlisle  contains  a 
oourt-house,  15  churches,  an  Indian  training-school  with 
900  scholars,  3  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  4  machine-shops, 
3  large  shoe-factories,  a  silk-mill,  a  foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages  and  cars.  This  town  was  shelled  by 
the  Confederates  July  1,  1863.     Pop.  in  1890,  7620. 


Carlisle,  a  post-nllage  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  from  Hamilton.     It  has  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  100. 

Carlisle,  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario.    See  Falkirk. 

Carlisle  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Howe's  Cave  Railroad  Station. 

Carlisle  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  N.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  min- 
eral spring. 

Carl  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  about 
13  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  699. 

Carlo,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.     See  Karlo. 

Car'locksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  CO.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Fosterville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  about 
20  families. 

Carloforte,  kaB-lo-foR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
island  of  San  Pietro,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Pop. 
3405.     It  has  fisheries  and  salt-works. 

Carlopago,  kaR-lo-p&'go,  or  Carlobago,  kaR-lo- 
bi'go,  a  seaport  of  Croatia,  on  the  Adriatic,  opposite  the 
Dalmatian  island  of  Pago.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  wine, 
timber,  and  fish.     Pop.  1200. 

Carlopoli,  kaR-lop'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2200. 

Car'los,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C..  about 
5  miles  W.  of  Kyle's  Landing,  which  is  about  15  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Carlos  City,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lynn,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W. 
of  Winchester. 

Carlota,  or  La  Carlota,  13,  kaR-lo't&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cordova.  It  is  one  of  the  Ger- 
man colonies  founded  in  1767.     Pop.  1350. 

Car'low,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  encircled  by 
the  counties  of  Kildare,  Wicklow,  Wexford,  Queens,  and  Kil- 
kenny. Area,  346  square  miles,  of  which  about  295  square 
miles  are  arable.  Surface,  except  in  the  S.,  flat  or  gently 
undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Barrow  and  Slaney. 
Agriculture  is  more  advanced  than  in  most  Irish  counties. 
Dairy  farms  are  numerous,  and  the  breed  of  cows  is  excellent. 
Granite  is  found,  also  flagstones  and  potter's  clay.  Chief 
towns,  Carlow,  Bagnalstown,  and  TuUow.  Exclusive  of  its 
capital,  it  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
Pop.  in  1881,  46,568 ;  in  1891,  40,899. 

Carlow  (originally  Catherlogh,  kath'er-l5H^),  a  town  of 
Ireland,  capital  of  the  above,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bur- 
ren  with  the  navigable  river  Barrow,  56  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Dublin.  It  is  clean  and  well  built,  and  has  2  handsome 
bridges,  the  ruins  of  a  strong  Anglo-Norman  castle,  a  Prot- 
estant parish  church,  an  elegant  Catholic  church,  a  college 
for  divinity  students,  2  nunneries,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
lunatic  asylum  and  infirmary,  a  fever  hospital,  workhouse, 
barracks,  &o.  It  has  flour-mills  and  breweries,  is  the  seat 
of  the  Catholic  bishop  of  Kildare,  and  until  1885  sent  a 
member  to  Pariiament.    Pop.  in  1881,  7185;  in  1891,  6619. 

Car'low,  or  Smith's  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
CO.,  Ontario,  7  miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Carlowitz,  or  KarloAVitz,  kaR'lo-vits  (Hun.  Karlo- 
v&cz,  kaRMoV&ts'),  a  town  in  Slavonia,  Austria-Hungary, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Peterwardein,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Danube.  It  is  well  built,  but  much  scattered,  stretching 
along  the  banks  of  the  river  like  a  large  village  rather  than 
a  town.  It  contains  a  Greek  cathedral,  a  Roman  Catholic 
gymnasium,  a  Greek  theological  seminary  and  lyceum,  a 
German  school,  a  normal  school,  and  a  hospital,  and  is  the 
seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop.  The  palace  of  the  archbishop 
contains  a  valuable  library.     Pop.  4419. 

Car'lowville,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Minter  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carl  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North 
Hempstead  township,  3  miles  from  Mineola. 

Carls'bad  (Ger.  Karlsbad,  kaRls'bit,  or  Kaiserkarls- 
bad,  ki'z^r-kaRls^bit,  formerly  called  Wary,  \^i'Ree),  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Topel,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Eger,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Prague,  famous  for  its  hot  springs. 
Pop.  7276;  but  during  the  season  the  population  often 
amounts  to  20,000.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  46° ; 
winter,  36°.3;  summer,  63°.7  Fahrenheit.  It  is  the  most 
aristocratic  watering-place  in  Europe.  The  town,  which 
belongs  to  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  occupies  the  bottom  of 
a  narrow  valley,  between  steep  granite  mountains,  and  con- 
sists mainly  of  lodging-houses  and  hotels  for  visitors.  It 
has  one  handsome  street,  the  KunsUtrasse,  in  connection 
with  a  granite  bridge  to  the  railway  station  across  the 
Eger,  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  and  several  reading-rooms.  The 
springs  contain  a  great  amount  of  carbonate  and  sulphate 
of  soda;   and  the  Sprudel,  temperature  165°  Fahrenheit 


CAR 


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deposits  BO  much  incrustation,  and  is  forced  upwards  with 
such  violence,  that  fresh  orifices  have  to  be  continually 
bored  to  prevent  explosions  and  damages  to  the  town.  The 
Muhlbrunnen,  temperature  138°  Fahrenheit,  furnishes  most 
of  the  water  used  for  drinking.  Vapor  baths  have  been 
constructed  over  the  Hygienquelle.  There  are  several  other 
noted  hot  wells  here ;  but  all,  according  to  a  popular  theory, 
derive  their  waters  from  a  common  reservoir.  The  baths 
are  frequented  from  June  to  September. 

Carls'bad)  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  San 
Diego  CO.,  Cal.,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  San  Diego. 
It  has  several  church  organizations  and  a  district  school. 

Carlsburg,  Transylvania.     See  Karlsburg. 

Carlscrona,kaRls-kroo'n4,orBlekinge,bli'king-9h, 
a  Ifen  or  province  in  the  S.  of  Sweden,  between  lat.  56°  and 
56°  30'  ISL  and  Ion.  14°  30'  and  16°  E.,  having  S.  and  E.  the 
Baltic,  W.  Christianstad,  N.  Kronoberg,  and  N,E.  Kalmar. 
Area,  1164  square  miles.  It  is  called  the  garden  of  Sweden. 
Pop.  134,005.     Principal  towns,  Carlscrona  and  Carlshamn. 

Carlscrona,  or  Karlskrona,  kaRls-kroo'ni,  in  Eng- 
lish sometimes  called  Carlscroon',  a  fortified  town  of  Swe- 
den, and  the  principal  station  of  the  Swedish  navy,  capital 
of  the  above,  on  5  small  islands  in  the  Baltic,  connected  by 
bridges  with  one  another  and  the  mainland,  55  miles  E.  of 
Christianstad.  Lat.  of  S.  point,  56°  9'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  15°  35' 
2"  E.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  railway  to  Wexio.  It  has 
an  extensive  and  safe  harbor,  sufficient  for  the  largest  ships, 
and  3  entrances,  the  principal  defended  by  strong  forts.  The 
town  is  well  built,  partly  of  brick,  but  principally  of  wood; 
it  is  separated  by  a  wall  from  an  extensive  naval  arsenal 
and  dock-yard.  Chief  edifices,  the  churches,  council-house, 
and  public  schools.  It  has  manufactures  of  naval  equip- 
ments, linen  cloths,  tobacco,  and  refined  sugar,  and  an  ex- 
port trade  in  metals,  potash,  and  other  produce.  Pop.  in 
1876,  17,290  ;  in  1885,  19,127j  in  1892,  21,419. 

Carlsdal)  kaRls'd&r,  the  name  of  some  extensive  iron- 
works, with  a  cannon -foundry  and  manufactures  of  arms, 
in  Sweden,  laen  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  Orebro. 

Carlshafen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Earlshafen. 

Carlshamn,  or  Karlshamn,  kaRls'h&m,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  26  miles  W.  of  Carlscrona,  on  the  Baltic,  at  the 
terminus  of  a  railway.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  a  good 
market-place,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  tobacco,  and  hats, 
building-docks,  a  small  but  secure  port,  and  an  active  trade 
in  iron,  timber,  potash,  pitch,  and  tar.     Pop.  5492. 

Carlshoff,  karls'hoff,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific. 
Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  145°  38'  W.  It  is  about  18  miles  in 
circumference,  and  has  a  lake  in  the  centre. 

Carlso,  kaRl'so,  a  small  Swedish  island  in  the  Baltic, 
W.  of  Gothland.     Lat.  57°  19'  39"  N.;  Ion.  18°  E. 

Carlsruhe,  or  Karlsruhe,  kaRls'roo^  ("  Charles's 
Rest"),  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of 
Baden,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  4  miles  E.  of 
the  Rhine,  and  39  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Its  princi- 
pal streets  converge  towards  the  palace  as  a  centre,  facing 
which  is  a  fine  circus,  with  the  government  offices.  The 
grand-ducal  palace  has  a  tower  commanding  a  fine  view,  a 
museum,  and  a  library  of  110,000  volumes.  Other  prin- 
cipal edifices  are  the  grand-ducal  stables,  the  theatre,  the 
palace  of  the  Margraves,  polytechnic  school,  Protestant  and 
Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue,  council-house,  the  hall  of 
representatives,  mint,  post-office,  barracks,  arsenal,  a  deaf- 
mute  asylum,  cannon-foundry,  museum,  club-house,  and 
hospitals,  including  one  richly  endowed  by  the  tailor  Stultz 
(in  return  for  which  he  was  created  a  baron).  Carlsruhe  is 
supplied  with  water  by  an  aqueduct,  and  ornamented  with 
several  public  fountains  and  a  stone  pyramid,  under  which 
the  founder  of  the  city  was  buried.  The  gardens  of  the 
palace  form  the  chief  public  promenade.  Public  institu- 
tions comprise  a  lyceum,  military,  medical,  and  veterinary 
schools,  academies  of  architecture,  painting,  and  music,  a 
botanic  garden,  a  society  of  arts,  and  numerous  literary  as- 
sociations. Manufactures  of  jewelry,  gloves,  tobacco,  car- 
pets, snufi",  chemical  products,  furniture,  and  carriages  are 
carried  on,  but  the  chief  resources  of  the  inhabitants  arise 
out  of  the  presence  of  the  court  and  aristocracy.  Consider- 
able transit  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of  the  Rhine  and 
the  railways.  Carlsruhe  is  a  modern  city,  its  foundation 
having  been  laid  in  1715,  by  Charles  William,  Margrave 
of  Baden.     Pop.  in  1880.  49,998;  in  1890,  73,684. 

Carlsruhe,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  18  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2132. 

Carlsruhe,  or  Karlsruhe,  a  post-village  in  Bruce 
CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  150. 

Carlstad,  kaRl'stitt,  Yerraland,  or  Wermland, 
v^Rm'lint,  a  lasn  or  province  of  Sweden,  mostly  between 
lat.  59°  and  61°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  14°  30'  E.,  having  S.  Lake 


Wener,  W.  Norway,  E.  Orebro,  and  N.E.  Fahlun.  The 
province  comprises  some  rich  iron-mines.  Area,  7346 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  268,417  ;  in  1890,  268,326. 

Carlstad,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  above  laen. 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Wener,  160  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Stockholm.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  a  college  with 
library  and  observatory,  a  town  house,  governor's  residence, 
freemasons'  hall,  theatre,  club,  and  cabinet  of  natural  history. 
It  exports  copper,  iron,  com,  salt,  and  timber.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  7412. 

Carlstadt,  Germany.     See  Karlstadt. 

Carlstadt,  karl'statt,  a  post- village  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hackensack.  It  has  2  churches, 
steam  marble-  and  brass-works,  the  works  of  the  Vulcan 
Hardware  Company,  and  manufactures  of  watch-case 
springs  and  artificial  flowers.  A  newspaper  is  published 
here  in  German. 

Carls'ton,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
438.     It  contains  part  of  Freeborn  Lake. 

Carl'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St. 
Louis  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kettle  and  Nemadji 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Carlton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
286;  in  1880,  1230;  in  1890,  5272. 

Carlton,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  844. 

Carlton,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  about 

3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Banner  City. 

Carlton,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1089. 

Carlton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  and  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Railroads, 
at  the  head  of  the  St.  Louis  River,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Duluth.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank;  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  slate,  bricks,  and  shoes.    Pop.  1000. 

Carlton,  Nebraska.     See  Carleton. 

Carlton,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlton 
township,  on  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  li  miles  from  Carlton 
Station  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church. 

Carlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Meadville  with 
Franklin,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meadville. 

Carlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  in  Carl- 
ton township,  is  on  Lake  Michigan,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  the 
town  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  2  mills  and  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1412. 

Carlton,  a  village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Carlton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Hastings.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Carlton  Park,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Montclair  &,  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Jersey  City. 

Carlton's  Store,  Va.    See  Carleton's  Store. 

Carlton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Lewiston. 

Carl'tonville,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  th« 
Salem  &  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Salem. 

Car'luke,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Lanark.  It  has  cotton-mills,  coal-,  iron-,  and  lime-works, 
and  a  handsome  church.     Pop.  3423. 

Carlyle,  karUll',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co., 
111.,  is  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  navigable  Kaskaskia  or  Okaw  River,  47  miles  E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Centralia.     It  has 

4  banks  and  6  churches.  Three  weekly  newspapers  (1  in 
German)  are  published  here.  It  has  also  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  2000. 

Carlyle,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  lola,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Humboldt.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Carlyle,  a  station  in  Gove  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  87  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hays  City. 

Carly'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Lake  Ontario  division  of  the  Rome,  Watertown 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lewiston.  It 
has  a  church. 

Carmagnola,  kaR-min-yo'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Po,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  mi'es  S.  of  Turin. 
It  is  well  built;  its  principal  squares  and  streets  are  oiiia- 


CAR 


803 


CAR 


mented  with  porticos ;  and  it  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a 
massive  tower,  formerly  part  of  a  castle,  manufactures  of 
jewelry,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  12,799. 
Carman,  an  island.  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Eoh-Saha. 
Car'man,  a  post-bamlet  of  Henderson  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa. 

Carman^  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Ridgway,  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  saw- 
mill, a  tannery,  and  a  match-stick-factory.     Pop,  about  600. 

Carinana,  a  Persian  town.     See  Kerman. 

Carmauia)  a  Persian  province.     See  Kerman. 

Carmarthen, Caermarthen,  kar-mar'TH^n,  orCar- 
marthenshire,  kar-mar'TH§n-shir,  a  county  of  Wales, 
having  S.  the  Bristol  Channel.  Area,  947  square  miles. 
Surface  hilly,  interspersed  with  productive  valleys ;  on  the 
E.  it  is  bounded  by  mountains,  one  of  which,  the  Van,  rises 
2596  feet.  Chief  rivers,  the  Towy,  Cothy,  and  Taf.  Agri- 
culture is  the  leading  employment.  Grain,  hay,  wool,  and 
live-stock  are  produced.  Iron,  lead,  coal,  and  lime  are  the 
chief  mineral  products.  Several  railways  connect  the  mines 
of  the  interior  with  the  coast.  Chief  towns,  Carmarthen, 
Llandovery,  Kidwelly,  and  Llanelly ;  exclusive  of  which  it 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.   Pop.  1.30,674. 

Carmarthen,  kar-mar'xH^n  (ano.  Caer  Fryddyn, 
ki'§r  fruTH'in;  Lat.  Maridu'num),  a  borough  of  South 
Wales,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Towy,  8  miles 
above  its  mouth,  and  at  an  important  railway  junction,  23 
miles  N.W,  of  Swansea.  Streets  steep  and  irregular ;  houses 
mostly  well  built.  Principal  edifices,  a  large  parish  church, 
guild  hall,  market-house,  jail,  custom-house,  and  theatre. 
The  town  has  a  grammar-school  and  a  Presbyterian  college, 
docks  for  small  vessels,  and  an  active  export  trade  in  corn, 
butter,  timber,  bark,  slates,  <fcc.'  The  Towy  is  navigable  to 
the  town.  In  conjunction  with  Llanelly,  Carmarthen  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.    Pop.  (1891)  10,264. 

Carmarthen  Bay,  a  large  inlet  of  Bristol  Channel, 
Wales,  between  St.  Goven's  Point,  co.  of  Pembroke,  and 
Worms  Head,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  and  having  N.  the  co. 
of  Carmarthen.  It  receives  the  Taf  and  Towy  Rivers. 
Caldy  Island,  in  this  bay,  has  a  light-house,  210  feet  above 
the  sea,  in  lat.  51°  37'  56"  N.,  Ion.  4°  40'  57"  W. 

Carmaux,  kaR^mo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Alby,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  C6rou. 
Pop.  4361.     There  are  extensive  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Carmel,  kar'm^l,  a  famous  mountain  of  Palestine, 
forming  the  extremity  of  a  range  of  hills  which  extend 
N.W.  from  the  plain  of  Esdraelon,  rounding  the  Bay  of 
Acre  on  its  S.  side,  and  terminating  in  a  steep  promontory 
in  the  Mediterranean.  Elevation,  about  1500  feet;  lat.  32° 
51'  10"  N. ;  Ion.  34°  57'  42"  E.  It  is  mentioned  in  Scrip- 
ture as  the  place  where  Elijah  destroyed  the  prophets  of 
Baal.  The  rock  is  limestone,  containing  numerous  caverns, 
and  there  has  long  stood  a  convent  near  its  summit,  inhab- 
ited by  monks,  thence  called  Carmelites.  The  brook  Kishon 
enters  the  sea  near  the  N.  base  of  the  mountain.  On  the 
summit  of  Carmel  are  pines  and  oaks,  and  farther  down 
are  olives  and  laurels.  The  old  convent,  destroyed  by  the 
Turks  in  1821,  has  been  rebuilt. 

Car'mel,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
tile-factory. 

Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  21  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  oo..  Me.,  in  Carmel 
township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of 
Bangor.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  <fcc. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1348. 

Carmel,  a  township  of  Eaton  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  1013, 
exclusive  of  Charlotte. 

Carmel,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Carmel  township,  55  miles  N.  of  New  York  City,  and  4  or  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Mahopac.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3 
churches,  a  national  bank,  the  Drew  Seminary  and  Female 
College,  and  2  superior  hotels.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Here  is  a  lake  called  Gleneida,  which 
has  an  area  of  170  acres.     Pop.  590 ;  of  the  township,  2801. 

Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  0. 

Carmel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  from  Adams  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Carmen,  kaR'mSn  (Sp.  for  "  garden"),  an  island  of 
Mexico,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Cam- 
peachy,  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Terminos. 

Carmen,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  imme- 
diately opposite  Loreto.  It  contains  a  large  salt  lake,  with 
a  solid  crust  of  salt  several  feet  thick. 

Car'men,  a  township  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co.  of 
Kildare,  6  miles  E.  of  Athy.     Here  are  druidical  remains. 


Carmen,  or  El  Carmen,  £1  kau'mSn,  or  Fata* 
gones,  pi-t&-go'nds,  also  called  Carmen  de   Pata> 

gones,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  on  the  Rio 
Negro,  18  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic,  and  50C 
miles  S.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Lat.  40°  36'  S. ;  Ion.  6.^°  18' 
W.  Pop.  2000.  It  exports  hides,  feathers,  skins,  beef,  salt, 
and  Patagonian  mantles. 

Carmen,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of  Beni,  on 
the  Beni  River.     Lat.  11°  30'  S.,  Ion.  66°  27'  W. 

Carmen  de  las  Flores,  kan'min  d&  lis  As'r^s,  or 
Flores,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  and 
about  140  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Carmi,  kar'mi,  a  post- village,  capital  of  White  oo..  111., 
109  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Belleville,  and  101  miles  N.E. 
of  Cairo.  It  has  10  churches,  a  bank,  3  flouring-mills,  2 
brick-yards,  a  tile-factory,  2  lumber-factories,  3  wagon- 
factories,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  large  stave-factory.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2785  ; 
of  the  township,  4361. 

Carmichael,  or  Carmichael's,  kar'mi-k^lz,  a  post- 
borough  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  is  about  44  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Monongahela  River.  It  has  3  churches, 
3  hotels,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  445. 

Carmichael,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  910. 

Carmiguano,  kaR-meen-y&'no  (anc.  Carminia'num),  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  the  Val  d'Ombrone,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Florence.     Pop.  1906. 

Carmo,  the  ancient  name  of  Carmona. 

Carmoe,  or  Karmoe,  kaRm'o^Sh,  an  island  of  Nor- 
way, 20  miles  N.W.  of  Stavanger,  in  the  North  Sea,  at  the 
entrance  of  Bukke-Fiord.  Lat.  59°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  15'  E. 
Length,  21  miles;  average  breadth,  5  miles.     Pop.  7000. 

Carmona,  kaR-mo'ni  (anc.  Car'mo),  a  city  of  Spain, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Seville.  Pop.  20,074.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  an  isolated  hill,  enclosed  by  old  Moorish  walls. 
Among  its  edifices  are  a  ruined  fortress,  a  church  with  a  re- 
markable tower,  the  college,  partly  of  Moorish  architecture, 
a  fine  Moorish  gateway,  and  the  Cordova  gate.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  woollen  and  hempen  fabrics,  hats,  glue,  soap, 
and  leather,  and  an  annual  fair.     Near  it  are  oil-mills. 

Car  Morta,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bengal.    See  Camorta. 

Caruabat,  kar-ni-b5,t',  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
70  miles  N.E,  of  Adrianople,  on  the  road  to  Shoomla,  and 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Balkan  Mountains.     Pop.  2000. 

Carnac,  kaR^nik',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  on  the  ocean,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lorient.  Pop. 
2864.  The  druidical  (or  ante-druidical)  monuments  in  its 
vicinity  consist  of  more  than  5000  granite  blocks  in  the 
form  of  obelisks,  resting  on  their  points,  and  disposed  in 
eleven  rows  parallel  with  the  coast. 

Carnadero,  kaR-n&-d^'ro,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Gilroy,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pajaro  Branch. 

Car'nahan,  a  hamlet  in  Brooklyn  township,  Lee  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of 
Aurora. 

Carnaprayaga,  kar-n&-pri-&'g&,  a  village  of  India, 
district  of  Gurhwal,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Serinagur,  and  one 
of  the  principal  holy  places  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 

Carnarvon,  Caernarvon,  kfr-nar'vpn,  or  Car* 
narvonshire,  k9r-nar'v9n-shir,  a  county  of  Wales,  form- 
ing the  northwesternmost  angle  of  the  mainland.  Area, 
677  square  miles,  two-thirds  of  which  is  unfit  for  cultiva- 
tion. Surface  altogether  mountainous,  and  traversed  by 
some  of  the  loftiest  ranges  in  Britain.  (See  Snowdon  and 
Penmaen-Mawr.)  Principal  river,  the  Conway.  Oats  and 
barley  are  raised  in  the  valleys,  but  the  chief  branch  of  rural 
industry  is  the  rearing  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  ponies.  Mining 
is  the  leading  industry.  Principal  mineral  products,  cop- 
per, lead,  slate,  and  coal.  Principal  towns,  Carnarvon, 
Bangor,  and  Pwllheli ;  exclusive  of  which  it  sends  one  mem 
ber  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  118,225. 

Carnarvon,  or  Caernarvon  (anc.  ISegon'tium),  a 
town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  E.  side  of  Menai 
Strait,  at  a  railway  junction,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  ia 
a  walled  town,  outside  of  which  are  suburbs  of  double  its 
extent,  many  handsome  villas,  a  bathing  establishment,  and 
a  fine  terrace-walk  along  the  strait.  At  the  W.  end  of  the 
town  is  the  magnificent  castle  built  by  Edward  I.  The 
harbor  admits  vessels  of  400  tons'  burden.  Principal  ex- 
ports, slate  and  coal.     Pop.  (1891)  9804. 

Carnarvon,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 
tario, 41  miles  from  Bobcaygeon.     Pop.  100. 

Carnarvon  Bay  is  that  portion  of  St.  George's  Chan- 
nel which  washes  the  W.  coasts  of  the  Welsh  counties  of 
Carnarvon  and  Anglesea.     Breadth  of  entrance,  between 


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Holyhead  and  Braio-y-Pwll,  35  miles.  It  communicates 
with  Beaumaris  Bay  hy  Menai  Strait. 

Carnat'ic,  one  of  the  old  subdivisions  of  India,  extend- 
ing along  its  E,  coast,  between  lat.  8°  and  16°  N.  and  Ion.  77° 
and  81°  E.,  constituting  formerly  the  dominions  of  the 
nabobs  of  Aroot,  and  now  forming  districts  under  the  British 
presidency  of  Madras.  Bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  having  a  ooast-line  of  660  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
110  miles.  The  country  was  regarded  as  forming  three  di- 
visions,— the  Northern,  Central,  and  Southern  Carnatic. 
The  climate  is  the  hottest  in  India.  Few  provinces  of 
India  can  exhibit  so  many  large  temples,  and  other  evi- 
dences of  former  wealth  and  civilization,  as  the  Carnatic. 
Its  fortresses  were  also  exceedingly  numerous,  but  these  are 
now  falling  rapidly  into  decay.  The  Carnatic  was  con- 
quered by  the  British  in  1783,  but  was  not  finally  ceded  to 
them  till  1801. 

Carnegie,  kar'n^h-gh?  (Mansfield  Valley  Post-Office), 
ii  l>orough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  embracing  the  former 
boroughs  of  Chartiers  and  Mansfield  (of  which  it  was 
formed  in  1894),  is  situated  in  the  beautiful  Chartiers  Val- 
ley, on  3  railroads,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  14 
churches,  2  banks,  a  daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  oflSces, 
fiour-mills,  and  extensive  iron-,  steel-,  and  lead-works. 
Pop.  about  10,000. 

Carnesville)  kamz'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Ga.,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  276. 

Car'ney,  a  station  in  Unity  township,  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Greensburg. 

Carney,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  Mehoopany  Station  of  the  New 
York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Tunkhannock.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Carngham,  karn'gam,  a  mining  town  of  Grenville  co., 
Victoria,  Australia,  on  Baillie's  Creek,  16  miles  W.  of  Bal- 
larat.     Pop.  1693. 

Car'ni,  an  ancient  Celtic  people  of  Carniola  and  Ca- 
rinthia. 

Car'nic  Alps  (anc.  Al'pes  Gar'nicx),  one  of  the  smaller 
divisions  of  the  Alps,  extending  along  the  N.E.  border  of 
Italy  into  Carniola. 

Carnicobar',  the  northernmost  of  the  Nicobar  Islands, 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  9°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  48'  E.  It 
is  about  40  miles  in  circumference,  low,  densely  wooded, 
and  very  productive,  but  unhealthy. 

Carnieres,  kaR^ne-ain',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  10  miles  W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  3420.  It  has 
extensive  coal-mines,  iron-foundries,  and  manufactures  of 
nails,  employing  300  workmen. 

Car'nifex  Ferry,  a  locality  in  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Gauley  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Nicholas  Court-House.  Here 
occurred  a  sharp  action,  September  10,  1861,  between  the 
Union  forces  under  Gen.  Rosecrans  and  the  Confederates 
under  Gen.  J.  B.  Floyd. 

Carnio'la  (Ger.  Krain,  krin),  a  crown-land  and  duchy 
of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  enclosed  by  Styria, 
Croatia,  Triest,  Goritz,  Istria,  and  Carinthia.  Area,  3857 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  spurs  of  the  Alps,  and 
abounds  in  caverns.  The  quicksilver-mines  of  Idria  are  in 
this  province,  which  also  produces  wine,  timber,  maize,  and 
millet.  The  people  are  chiefly  of  Slavic  nationalities. 
Capital,  Laybach.  Pop.  in  1876,  469,996;  in  1890,  498,968. 
Adj.  Carnio'lan,  or  Car'nic. 

Carnoul,  or  Curnoul.     See  Kurnool. 

Carnoustie,  kar-noo'stee,  a  maritime  village  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Forfar,  6i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Arbroath. 
Pop.  3012. 

Carn'sore  Point,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Irish 
mainland,  in  Leinster,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wexford.  It  was 
the  Hieron  of  Ptolemy. 

Carns'ville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn. 

Caro,  ka.'ro,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich., 
on  Cass  River,  and  on  the  Caro  Branch  of  the  Detroit  «fc 
Bay  City  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Vassar,  and  about  30 
miles  E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  a 
graded  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  city  hall, 
a  brick  court-house,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2  saw- 
mills, 2  flour-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  2600. 

Caroburgus,  a  Latin  name  of  Cherbourg. 

Caroche,  ki-ro'chi.  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  and  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Trujillo. 

Caro'ga,  a  township  of  Fulton  eo.,  N.Y.,  in  the  Great 
North  Woods.  It  has  several  fine  lakes,  and  manufactures 
»f  leather  and  lumber.     Pop.  884. 


Caroga,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  7i  miles  fron 
Gloversville.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  saw-mills. 

Carolina,  kir-o-li'na,  a  colonial  settlement  in  North 
America,  made  by  the  English  about  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  North  and  South  Carolina  origi- 
nally constituted  but  one  colony ;  they  were,  however,  divided 
in  1729,  and  since  the  Revolution  have  formed  two  separate 

states.    See  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina. 

Inhab.  Carolinian,  kir^o-lin'e-an. 

Carolina,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Usquapaug  or  Beaver  River,  and  1  mile  from  Carolina  Sta- 
tion on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad,  which  is  33 
miles  from  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cassimeres.     Pop.  400. 

Carolina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Marion. 

Carolina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carolina,  in  Spain,  Ac.     See  La  Carolina. 

Carolinas,  the  Spanish  for  Caroline  Islands. 

Car'oline,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Maryland,  bor- 
dering on  Delaware,  has  an  area  of  about  316  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Choptank  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Tuckahoe  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  mostly  sandy.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Maryland  <fc  Dela- 
ware Railroad.  Capital,  Denton.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,101; 
in  1880,  13,766;  in  1890,  13,903. 

Caroline,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  616  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Nortb  Anna,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Mattapony  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  wheat  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond,  Fred- 
ericksburg <fc  Potomac  Railroad.  Capital,  Bowling  Green. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,128;  in  1880,  17,243;  in  1890,  16,681. 

Caroline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  oo.,  Minn.,  aboat 
3  miles  S.  of  Kasota. 

Caroline,  a  post-township  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ithaca.  Its  surface  is  hilly,  and  presents 
beautiful  scenery.  It  is  intersected  by  the  railroad  which 
connects  Ithaca  with  Oswego,  and  contains  Caroline  Centre, 
Mott's  Corners,  and  Speedsville.     Pop.  2129. 

Caroline,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Venice  town- 
ship, 1  mile  from  Attica.     Pop.  about  100. 

Caroline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  about 
14  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Shawano.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Caroline  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Caroline  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Caroline  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Cayuga  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  21  miles  from 
Owego,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Car'oline  Island,  one  of  the  Marquesas  group,  in  the 
Pacific.     Lat.  9°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  160°  25'  W. 

Car'oline  Islands,  or  New  Philippines  (Sp. 
Carolinas,  ki-ro-lee'nis,  or  Nuevas  Filipinaa,  noo-i'vfts 
fe-le-pee'nis),  a  great  archipelago  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
claimed  by  Spain,  but  practically  independent.  They  are 
regarded  as  including  the  Pelew  Islands  in  the  W.  and  the 
Mulgrave  Archipelago  in  the  extreme  E. ;  but  the  Carolines 
proper  lie  between  these  extremes,  and  contain  hundreds  of 
small  islands,  arranged  in  48  recognized  groups.  In  its 
widest  sense  the  name  Caroline  Islands  is  nearly  synony- 
mous with  Micronesia. 

Carolinensyhl,  ki-ro-lee'n§n-zeel,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Hanover,  on  the  North  Sea,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Emden.     Pop.  988. 

Caromb,  k3,^r6No',  a  town  of  France,  Vaucluse,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  2508. 

Carondelet,  ka-ron'd^-la  (Fr.pron.  ki^RiNoM^h-li'),  a 
former  village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  below  St.  Louis.  In  1860  it  was  merged  in  the  1st 
ward  of  that  city,  and  the  branch  post-office  of  the  section 
is  South  St.  Louis.  Carondelet  is  the  name  of  a  station  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Carondelet 
Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad.  Carondelet  is 
also  the  name  of  a  township  in  St.  Louis  co.     Pop.  5387. 

Caro'nia  (anc.  Galac'te,  or  Calac'ta),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  the  N.  coast,  22  miles  E.  of  Cefalu.     Pop.  3893. 

Carony,  or  Caroni,  ki-ro-nee',  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
rises  in  the  Sierra  Pacaraima,  and,  after  a  northward  course 
of  400  miles,  joins  the  Orinoco  85  miles  E.  of  Angostura. 
Its  rapidity  and  cataracts  render  it  innavigable. 

Car^oor',  a  town  of  British  India,  district  and  100  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Coimbatoor,  on  the  Cavery  River.     Pop.  9380. 


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Carora,  k4-ro'ri,  or  Caroro,  ki-ro'ro,  a  town  of 
Venezuela,  state  of  Lara,  on  the  Toouyo,  about  60  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Barquesimeto,  and  50  miles  E.  of  Lake  Mara- 
oaybo.  Lat.  10°  13'  N,;  Ion.  70°  26'  W.  It  is  tolerably 
well  built,  and  contains  a  handsome  parish  church,  a  Fran- 
ciscan convent,  and  a  hermitage.     Pop.  5000. 

CarottO)  k4-rot'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  5i  miles  S.W.  of 
Gastel-a-Mare,  on  the  Bay  of  Naples,  with  a  school  of  navi- 
gation.    Pop.  4870. 

Carouge,  k&Voozh',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
li  miles  S.  of  Geneva,  on  the  Arve.  Pop.  5870.  It  is  finely 
situated,  and  surrounded  by  elegant  villas.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  thread,  watches,  clay  pipes,  and  leather. 

Carovigno,  ki-ro-veen'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce, 
19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Brindisi.     Pop.,  with  commune,  4790. 

Carovilli,  ki-ro-vil'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Isemia.     Pop.  3090. 

Carp,  a  station  in  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Marquette  to  Ishpeming,  11  miles  W.  of  Marquette. 

Carp,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  150. 

Carpane,  kaR-pa'n&,  or  Carpanedo,  kaR-p&-nd,'do, 
a  village  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vicenza, 

Carpaneto,  kan-pi-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Piacenza.  It  contains  a  medical  and 
two  elementary  schools.  Good  grain  and  wine  of  a  very 
fine  quality  are  produced  here.     Pop.  5308. 

Carpathian  or  Karpathian  (kaR-pi'the-an)  Moun- 
tains (Ger.  Karpathen,  kaR-p3,'t§n ;  ane.  Car'patee),  a 
range  of  mountains  of  Europe,  chiefly  in  Austria-Hungary, 
which,  commencing  at  New  Orsova,  on  the  Servian  frontier, 
where  the  bed  of  the  Danube  is  all  that  separates  it  from 
Mount  Haemus,  proceeds  first  N.E.,  and  then  E.  to  the 
frontiers  of  Roumania,  where  it  turns,  first  to  the  N.W., 
then  W.,  and  finally  S.W.,  as  far  as  Presburg,  enclosing  the 
plains  of  Hungary,  and  forming  a  semicircular  belt  nearly 
800  miles  long  by  250  miles  broad.  The  Carpathian  chain 
may  be  divided  into  two  great  sections,  the  East  and  the 
West  Carpathians ;  the  former  curving  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Nera,  which  falls  into  the  Danube  41  miles  E.  of  Bel- 
grade, to  the  source  of  the  Theiss,  and  forming  the  boundary 
between  Austria-Hungary  and  Roumania;  the  latter  pro- 
ceeding from  the  sources  of  the  Theiss  and  the  Pruth  and  ter- 
minating on  the  banks  of  the  Danube  W.  of  Presburg,  and 
forming  the  boundary  between  Hungary  and  Galicia.  The 
greatest  heights  of  the  East  Carpathians  are — Ruska  Po- 
yana,  9909  feet ;  Garluvipi,  9587  feet ;  Buthest,  in  Tran- 
sylvania, near  Kronstadt,  8695  feet;  Retirzath,  8502  feet; 
and  Lentschitz,  8456  feet.  The  greatest  heights  of  the  West 
Carpathians  are  in  the  Tatra  Range,  namely,  the  Kriwan, 
8029  feet;  the  Viszoka,  8312  feet;  the  Csabi,  same  height; 
and  in  the  mountains  of  Lomnitz,  the  Eisthalerspitze,  8521 
feet ;  the  Griineseespitze,  8203  feet ;  the  Hundsdorferspitze, 
8318  feet;  and  the  peaks  of  Lomnitz,  8462  feet. 

The  outer  bend  of  the  Carpathians  is  much  steeper  than 
that  which  descends  towards  the  valleys  of  Transylvania 
and  Hungary.  The  mountain-branch  which,  stretching 
N.W.,  separates  the  basin  of  the  Dniester  from  that  of  the 
Saane,  also  forms  the  line  of  separation  between  the  basin 
of  the  Baltic  and  that  of  the  Black  Sea.  The  only  impor- 
tant rivers  which  actually  rise  in  the  chain  are  the  Vistula, 
the  Dniester,  and  the  Theiss. 

Basalt  frequently  occurs,  but  no  distinct  traces  of  volca- 
noes have  been  found.  The  Carpathian  Range  is  rich  in 
minerals,  including  gold,  silver,  quicksilver,  copper,  and 
iron.  Salt  occurs  in  beds,  which  nave  sometimes  a  thick- 
ness of  600  or  700  feet  and  are  apparently  inexhaustible. 
Vegetation  also  is  vigorous.  On  the  plateaus  fruit  is  grown 
at  the  height  of  1500  feet.  Higher  up,  the  mountain-steeps 
are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  some  of  them  at  as  great 
a  height  as  5500  feet.  The  limit  of  vegetation  seems  to  be 
about  6000  feet.  Above  this  a  few  lichens  may  be  found, 
but  in  general  nothing  is  seen  but  bare  steep  rocks. 

Carpathns,  or  Carpathos.    See  Scarpanto. 

Carpenedolo,  kaR-pi-ni-do'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia,  near  the  Chiese.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches  and  2  hospitals,  and  has  manufactures  of 
silk.     Pop.  5253. 

Carpentaria,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulp  op  Carpentaria. 

Car'penter,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bridge- 
port, and  26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Carpenter,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grain-elevator. 

Carpenter,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1081. 
It  contains  Remington. 


Carpenter,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
railroad  between  Mason  City  and  Austin,  Minn.,  19  milea 
S.  of  Austin.     Pop.  about  176. 

Carpenter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Carpenter,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Greensburg. 

Carpenteria,  kar-pen-ta-ree'i  (Sp.  Carpinteria,  kaR- 
pinHd-ree'S,),  a  post-village  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  9  miles  E.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Car'penter's,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  A  Montgomery 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Carpenter's,  a  station  in  Richland  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  <fc  Shreveport  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

Carpenter's,  a  station  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit  <fe  Bay  City  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Lapeer.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

Carpenter's  Eddy,  a  post-oflBce  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  River. 

Carpenter's  Landing,  New  Jersey,  is  now  called 
Mantua. 

Carpenter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 

Carpenter's  Point,  a  village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Deer  Park  township,  on  the  Neversink  River,  1  mile  from 
Port  Jervis  Station.  It  is  on  the  boundary  of  three  states, 
— New  Jersey,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania.     Pop.  250. 

Carpenter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo. 

Car'pentersville,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co..  111.,  on 
Fox  River,  in  Dundee  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Elgin,  1  mile  N.  of  Dundee, 
and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  bank,  and  im- 
portant manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  iron,  <kc.  The  river 
is  spanned  by  a  fine  iron  bridge.     Pop.  500. 

Carpentersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Car'pentersville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  has 
a  flour-mill,  2  saw -mills,  and  10  lime-kilns. 

Carpentras,  kaR^pfiN^Hriss'  (anc.  Carpenter ac'te),  a 
city  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Avignon,  on  the  Auzon,  in  a  fertile  district  at  the 
foot  of  Mont  Ventoux.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  flanked 
with  towers,  and  has  four  gates.  Most  of  the  houses  are 
well  built,  and  supplied  with  water  from  the  fountains  in 
the  public  squares.  Outside  of  the  walls  is  a  broad  espla- 
nade, planted  with  trees.  The  principal  public  buildings 
are  the  cathedral,  a  Gothic  edifice >  a  museum;  the  Porte 
d' Orange;  the  palace  of  justice;  a  Roman  triumphal  arch : 
the  hospital,  erected  in  1751;  theatre;  prisons;  and  a 
public  library,  containing  25,000  volumes,  2000  MSS.,  6000 
medals^  and  various  antiquities.  The  aqueduct,  a  massive 
structure,  which  crosses  the  valley  of  the  Auzon  by  48 
arches,  and  supplies  the  town,  was  finished  in  1734.     Car- 

Eentras  is  the  seat  of  a  communal  college.  There  are 
randy-  and  essence-distilleries,  manufactories  of  sulphuric 
acid,  glue,  verdigris,  cotton  and  silk  yarn,  madder-mills, 
tanneries,  and  dye-works.  A  trade  is  carried  on  in  oil, 
fruit,  almonds,  madder,  wax,  honey,  <kc.     Pop.  10,848. 

The  Romans  embellished  Carpentras  with  many  edifices, 
of  which  the  ravages  of  the  Goths,  Vandals,  and  Saracens 
have  left  few  traces.  In  1313,  Pope  Clement  V.  fixed  hia 
residence  here  and  made  it  the  seat  of  the  Pontifical  See. 
The  present  walls  were  built  by  Pope  Innocent  VI.,  fifty 
years  after  that  event. 

Carpetani  Montes.    See  Sierra  de  GuADAiiUPE. 

Carpi,  kaR'pee,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Modena.  It  has  a  citadel,  a  majestic  cathedral,  a  bishop's 
palace,  and  manufactures  of  silk.     Pop.  17,724. 

Carpi,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Ve- 
rona, on  the  Adige,  with  a  citadel.  Here,  in  1701,  the 
French  were  defeated  by  the  troops  under  Prince  Eugene. 

Carpignano,  kaR-peen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     P.  2199. 

Carpignano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Otranto.     Pop.  1428. 

Carpineti,  kaR-pe-ni'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Modena.     Pop.  4519. 

Carpineto,  kaR-pe-ni'to,  the  name  of  several  villages 
in  Central  Italy. 

Carpino,  kaR-pee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  on  Mount  Gargano,  22  miles  N.E.  of  <?an  Severo- 


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Pop.  6216.     Carpino  is  also  the  name  of  a  mountain  in 
Calabria,  W.  of  Cosenza,  and  of  an  affluent  of  the  Tiber. 

Carpinone,  kaR-pee-no'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  19  miles  W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  5308. 

Carpio,  kaB'pe-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2690. 

Carp  Lake,  a  township  of  Ontonagon  co.,  Mich.,  in 
the  copper  region.     Pop.  76. 

Carquefou,  kaRk^foo',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2897. 

Carquinez,  kar-kee'n§s,  a  strait  of  California,  is  be- 
tween the  counties  of  Contra  Costa  and  Solano.  It  con- 
nects San  Pablo  Bay  with  Suisun  Bay,  and  is  about  8  miles 
long.  The  narrowest  part  of  it  is  nearly  1  mile  wide. 
Large  sea-going  vessels  can  pass  from  San  Francisco 
through  this  strait  as  far  as  Benicia,  which  is  near  the  E. 
end.  All  the  water  flowing  from  the  great  central  valley  of 
the  state  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  passes  through  this  strait. 

Carr,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Weld  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  south  of  Cheyenne. 

Carra,  kir'ra,  a  barony  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo.  On 
its  N.  boundary  are  Loughs  Cullen  and  Con;  on  its  S., 
Loughs  Carra  and  Mask.    Pop;  28,611.    See  LouoH  Carba. 

Carrabelle,  a  post-town  of  Franklin  co.,  Fla.,  on  St. 
James  Island,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Apalachicola.  It  has 
3  church  organizations  and  2  public  schools  (white  and 
colored).     Pop.  about  500. 

Carrae,  or  Charrse.    See  Harran. 

Carranca,  kaR-Rin'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  between  Baependi  and  Sao  Joao  del  Rei. 

Car'ran-tu'al,  Carn-tu'al,  Ghar'ran-tu'el,  or 
CairuHoul',  the  highest  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
Bter,  CO.  of  Kerry,  in  the  MacGilliouddy  Reeks,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Killamey.     Elevation,  3414  feet. 

Car^rar',  a  considerable  town  of  India,  in  Deccan,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Sattarah,  86  miles  S.S.B.  of  Poona,  with  two 
elegant  pagodas  and  a  small  fort. 

Cairara,  kaR-Ri'ri  (anc.  Cara'ria),  a  city  of  Italy,  59 
miles  S.W.  of  Modena.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  23,827.  It 
has  a  college,  many  studios  of  artists,  an  academy  of  fine 
arts,  and  an  active  industry  in  the  preparation  of  marble. 
Chief  edifices,  collegiate  church,  church  of  Madonna  delle 
Grazie,  and  palace.  The  streets  are  ornamented  with  ele- 
gant fountains.  At  Monte  Sagro,  in  its  environs,  are  quar- 
ries which  since  the  time  of  the  Romans  have  furnished 
valuable  statuary  marble.  The  principal  quarries,  those 
of  Torano,  employ  upwards  of  1200  men.  The  port  is  at 
Avenza,  3  miles  distant  by  rail. 

Carratraca  (karVa-tri'ka)  Springs,  a  village  in 
Prescott  CO.,  Ontario,  40  miles  E.  of  Ottawa,  and  5  miles  S. 
of  Brown's  wharf,  on  the  river  Ottawa.  It  has  springs 
whose  waters  are  noted  for  their  medicinal  qualities. 

Carratnnk,  Mainq.    See  Carritunk. 

Carr  Creek,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  274, 

Carrea  Potentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Chieri. 

Carreira  (kaR-R&'e-ri)  Islands,  a  small  island  group 
of  Spain,  off  the  coast  of  Qalicia,  province  of  Corunna,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Vigo. 

Carretfto,  kaR-Ri-tSwN»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  120  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Goyaz.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  devoted  to 
mining. 

Carriacon,  kar're-i-koo',  the  largest  of  the  Grenadine 
Islands  (British  West  Indies),  20  miles  N.E.  of  Grenada. 
Length,  7  miles ;  breadth,  from  2  to  4  miles.  It  is  well  cul- 
tivated ;  chief  crop,  cotton.  On  its  W.  side  is  Hillsborough 
town  and  harbor,  lat.  12°  27'  N.,  Ion.  61°  30'  W.     P.  2850. 

Carribbean  Sea,  in  the  Atlantic.  See  Caribbean  Sea. 

Carrical,  or  Karikal,  kar-re-kil',  a  town  of  India, 
belonging  to  France,  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  152  miles 
6.  of  Madras.  Lat.  10°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  53'  E.  It  is  at 
the  mouth  of  a  delta-arm  of  the  Cavery,  and  has  cotton- 
manufactures,  ship-yards,  a  college  and  a  seminary,  and  a 
large  trade  in  rice.  Pop.,  including  the  whole  colony  (area, 
50  square  miles),  92,445.     The  town  itself  is  now  small. 

Car'rick,  a  division  of  Ayrshire.    See  Ayrshire. 

Car'rick,  a  post-town  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  i  mile 
from  Castle  Shannon  Railroad,  and  about  5  miles  S.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  glass-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Carrickaquicy,  Ireland.    See  Carriq-o-Gunnel. 
Carrick-a-Rede,kir'rik-a-reed',  an  insulated  basal- 
tic rock,  in  co.  Antrim,  Ireland,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Ballycas- 
tle,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  chasm  60  feet  wide. 

Car^rickbeg',  formerly  Car^rickmacgrirfin,  a 

town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Wai,erford,  on  the 

Suir,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  which  connects  it  with  Car- 

riok-on-Suir.  Here  is  a  curious  old  ruined  abbey.  Pop.  2108. 

CarVickfer'gus,  a  town  of  Ireland,  within  the  co.  of 


Antrim,  but  forming,  with  its  environs,  a  county  of  itself, 
on  Belfast  Lough,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Belfast.  The 
parish  church,  containing  noble  monuments,  including  those 
of  the  Chichester  family,  once  communicated  by  a  still  ex- 
isting subterraneous  passage  with  the  castle  of  Joymount. 
Carrickfergus  Castle,  erected  in  1128,  still  maintained  as  an 
arsenal  and  mounting  some  cannon,  is  on  a  rock  projecting 
into  the  lough.  Other  principal  edifices  are  a  jail,  court- 
house, branch  bank,  and  several  schools  and  charitable  es- 
tablishments. Vessels  of  100  tons  can  unload  at  the  pier, 
but  the  trade  is  not  flourishing.  Near  the  town  are  flax- 
mills,  bleach-works,  distilleries,  and  a  large  bed  of  rock  salt. 
The  castle  stands  on  a  rock  about  30  feet  high.  Its  keep 
is  90  feet  high.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Area  of  county,  207  square  miles. 
It  has  great  fisheries.  The  people  are  mostly  Protestants. 
Pop.  of  town,  4212 ;  of  county,  or  borough,  9367. 

Carrick  Furnace,  Franklin  co..  Pa.    See  Metal. 

Carrickmacgriffin,  Ireland.    See  Carrickbeg. 

Car^rickmacross'  (or  Magh^eross'))  a  town  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Monaghan,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Dundalk.  Here  are 
ruins  of  a  castle  built  by  the  Earl  of  Essex ;  also  a  savings- 
bank,  bridewell,  and  some  manufactories.     Pop.  2063. 

Car^rick-on-Shan'non,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Leitrim,  on  the  Shannon,  across  which  it  com- 
municates with  a  suburb  in  the  co.  of  Roscommon  by  a 
bridge,  19  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Longford.  It  has  a 
court-house,  barracks,  and  some  trade  by  river,  rail,  and 
canal.     Pop.  1587. 

Car'rick- on- Snir  (shure),  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir  (here  crossed  by  a  bridge  to 
Carrickbeg),  13  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Clonmel.  It  was  for- 
merly enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  parish  church  of  high 
antiquity,  a  Catholic  chapel,  a  nunnery  (with  a  large  school), 
a  monastery,  a  castle,  a  prison,  hospital,  and  manufactures 
of  woollens  and  linens.  Vessels  of  considerable  burden  ap- 
proach the  town,  which  has  an  export  trade  in  corn,  slates, 
4c.     Pop.  6563. 

Car'rick's  Ford,  a  crossing  of  the  Cheat  River,  near 
St.  George,  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va.  Here  Gen.  R.  B.  Garnett  was 
defeated  and  killed  by  the  Federal  troops,  July  13,  1S61. 

Car'rier,  a  station  in  JefiTerson  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.  of  Brookville. 

Car'rier's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  lit.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  and  63  miles  N.E.  of 
Cairo.     It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  &Q.     Pop.  300. 

CarVigaholt',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the 
estuary  of  the  Shannon,  10  miles  W.  of  Kilrush.  It  has 
a  pier  which  is  frequented  by  fishing-craft.  Here  are  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  430. 

Carrigain,  Mt.    See  Mount  Carrigain. 

Car^rigaline',  or  Bea'ver,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Cork,  on  Cork  harbor,  with 
marble-  and  slate-quarries.  The  village  is  now  unimportant. 
Pop.  of  parish,  4683. 

Car'rig-o-Gun'nel,  or  Car^rickaqui'cy,  a  vil- 
lage of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Limerick. 

Carrigtohill,  kirVig-ton'hil,  almost  k&r^ rig-toil',  a 
village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  3  miles  W.  of  Middleton. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  in  the  parish  are  subterra- 
neous chambers  within  circular  intrenchments  called  Danish 
camps.     Pop.  700. 

Carrigufoyle,  k&r^re-ga-foil',  a  small  island  of  Ireland. 
CO.  of  Kerry,  in  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  2  miles  N.  of 
Ballylongford,  with  a  castle. 

Carril,  kaR-Reel',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Pontevedra,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ulla.    P.  1046. 

Carrillon,  Canada.    See  Carillon. 

Car'rington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Louisiana  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of 
Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Carrington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Foster  co.,  N.D,. 
44  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Carrion  de  Calatrava,  kaR-Rc-on'  di  ki-li-tri'v4, 
a  town  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.    Pop.  3120. 

Carrion  de  los  Cespedes,  kaR-ne-on'di  loce  thes- 
pi'oSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  W.  of  Seville.     P.  2012. 

Carrion  de  los  Condes,  kan-Re-on'  di  loce  kon'- 
dfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  miles  N.  of  Palencia,  on  the  Car- 
rion. Pop.  3497.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruinous  walls,  and  haa 
9  churches,  with  convents  and  hospitals. 

Carriovacou,  one  of  the  West  Indies.    See  Carriacou. 

Car'ritnnk,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Kennebec  River,  38  miles  N  N.W.  of  Skowhegan.  I* 
has  manufactures  of  lumber.     P'^p.  214. 


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Carrizal  Alto,  kar-ree-s4l'  il'to,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince of  Atacauia,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Carrizal  Bajo.  Hero 
is  one  of  the  richest  copper-mines  in  the  world.    Pop.  3681. 

Carrizal  Btyo,  kar-ree-s&l'  b&'Ho,  a  seaport  of  Chili, 
province  of  Atacama,  140  miles  N.  of  Coquimbo.  It  is  con- 
nected by  rail  with  Carrizal  Alto,  and  ships  copper  and  ores. 

Carrizo,  kaf-ree'so,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Zapata 
00.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  70  miles  below  Laredo. 
It  has  a  church,  a  court-house,  and  a  high  school.    Pop.  243. 

Carrizo  Springs,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dimmit  co., 
Tex.,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Eagle  Pass.  It  has  2  churches,  sev- 
eral medicinal  wells,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Carroll,  kir'rol,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas. 
Area,  669  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  King's  River 
and  White  River.     The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 

fasture,  &o.  Capitals,  Berryville  and  Eureka  Springs. 
'op.  in  1870,  5780;  in  1880,  13,337;  in  1890,  17,288. 

Carroll}  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  549  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Talla- 
poosa River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is 
found  here.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central  of 
Georgia  and  the  Chattanooga,  Rome  &  Columbus  Railroad 
systems,  which  connect  with  Carrollton,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,782;  in  1880,  16,901 ;  in  1890,  22,301. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from  Iowa, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Elkhom  Creek  and  Plum  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  pro- 
portion of  the  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lead  has  been 
found  here.  The  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Northern  and  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroads  traverse  the  county 
from  West  to  East,  the  former  in  a  southerly  and  the  latter 
in  a  northerly  direction,  the  latter  running  through  Mount 
Carroll,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,705 ;  in  1880, 16,976 ; 
in  1890,  18,320. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Wabash  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Tippecanoe  and 
Wild  Cat  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  beech,  walnut,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad  and  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal.  Capital, 
Delphi.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,152;  in  1880,  18,345;  in  1890, 
20,021. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Raccoon 
(or  Coon)  River  and  the  Middle  Coon  and  Nishnabatona 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Carroll.  Pop.  in  1870,  2461 ;  in  1880,  12,351 ;  in 
1890,  18,828. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  165  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and  high  hills  occur  near 
the  Ohio  River.  The  soil  is  based  on  Trenton  limestone, 
and  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  wheat  are  the 
BtaplK  products.  The  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <fc  Lexington 
Railroad  passes  along  the  S.E.  border.  Capital,  Carrollton, 
Pop.  in  1870,  6189;  in  1880,  8953;  in  1890,  9266. 

Carroll,  a  former  parish  of  Louisiana,  has  been  divided 
into  two  parts,  namely.  East  Carroll  and  West  Carroll. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  426  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Pa- 
tapsoo  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Pipe  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  copper, 
and  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which  is 
intersected  by  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  and  the 
Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Capital,  Westminster. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,619;  in  1880,  30,992;  in  1890,  32,376. 

Carroll,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
small  affluents  of  the  Yazoo  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  or  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  beech,  magnolia,  hickory,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.     This  county  is  traversed  from   east   to 


west  by  the  Nashville  &  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Carrollton,  the  Capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,047;  in 
1880,  17,795;  in  1890,  18,773. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  690  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Grand  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  extensive 
prairies  and  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  &c.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  limestone, 
coal,  and  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  three  lines  of  rail- 
road, the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6,  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington A  Kansas  City,  and  the  Wabash  Railroads,  all  of 
which  enter  Carrollton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,446; 
in  1880,  23,274;  in  1890,  25,742. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  Hampshire, 
has  an  area  of  about  907  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Ossipee  and  Saco  Rivers.  It  contains  several  small  lakes 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  cov 
ered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  granite, 
lead,  and  silver.  It  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Boston  A 
Maine  and  the  Maine  Central  Railroads,  the  former  run- 
ning through  Ossipee,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870,  17,332;  in  1880,  18,224;  in  1890,  18,124. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  401  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Conotten,  Yel- 
low, and  Sandy  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills 
of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tuscarawas  Branch 
of  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad.  The  Lake  Erie, 
Alliance  A  Southern  and  the  Cleveland  A  Canton  Railroad 
systems  also  traverse  the  county,  the  latter  passing  through 
Carrollton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,491;  in  1880, 
16,416;  in  1890,  17,566. 

Carroll,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sandy 
River,  and  also  drained  hy  the  South  Fork  of  Obion  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  the  former 
running  through  Huntingdon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,447;  in  1880,  22,103;  in  1890,  23,630. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  is  drained  by  New  River  and  its 
numerous  creeks  and  streams.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  some 
parts  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn  and  oats  are 
also  cultivated  here.  Copper  and  lead  are  said  to  be  found 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Hillsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9147 ; 
in  1880,  13,323;  in  1890,  15,497. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.  Pop.  2032. 
It  contains  Indianola. 

Carroll,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ind.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  500. 

Carroll,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  is 
in  Carroll  township,  near  Middle  Coon  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  93  miles  N.E.  of  Council 
Bluffs,  and  55  miles  W.  of  Boone.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  5  hotels,  and  numerous  stores  and  warehouses.  One 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1875,  812;  in  1880,  1385;  in  1890,  3357. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  176. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  575. 

Carroll,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 
55  miles  N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  632. 

Carroll,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  at  Scull 
Town,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Baltimore.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Passionist  mon- 
astery and  a  Catholic  hospital. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.     Pop.  605. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  519. 

Carroll,  a  village  of  Dawson  co.,  Montana,  on  the  Mis 
souri  River,  near  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  trade  in 
furs  and  hides.     Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 

Carroll,  a  post-village  of  Wavne  co..  Neb.,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Wayne.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  in  the  White 


CAR 


808 


CAR 


Mountain  region.  Pop.  378.  Area,  24,640  acres.  Post- 
oflBce,  Twin  Mountain.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  traversed 
by  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  and  Mount  Washington 
Branch  Bailroads. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  line.  Pop.  1827.  It  contains  Fentonville 
and  Frewsburg. 

Carroll,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Greenfield 
township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Bailroad,  23 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  293. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.     Pop.  1036. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1226. 

Carroll,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  13  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
public  school.     Pop.  100. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1425. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3178, 
exclusive  of  Monongahela. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  993. 

Carroll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &>  Chicago  Bailroad,  1  mile  from 
Oakfield,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carroll's,  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington.    See  Carbollton. 

Carroll's  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex. 

Carroll's  Switch,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  <fc 
Paducah  Railroad,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Car'rollsville,  a  post-village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
7  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Rochester.   It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 

Car'rollton,  kir'r9l-t9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  Lubbub  Creek,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham, and  35  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  3  churches, 
the  Carrollton  Institute,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Ark.,  on 
Long  Creek,  about  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and 
90  miles  from  Springfield,  Mo.  It  has  a  church,  a  semi- 
nary, and  a  flour-mill. 

Carrollton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Qa., 
on  the  Little  Tallapoosa  River,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Atlanta,  and  on  the  Savannah,  Griffin  &  North  Alabama 
Railroad,  60  miles  from  Griffin.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
6  churches,  the  Carroll  Masonic  Institute,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  1200. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  111., 
is  in  Carrollton  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad, 
33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton,  and  34  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Jacksonville.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  3  flouring-mills,  2  machine-shops,  a 
foundry,  and  a  carriage-factory.   Pop.  in  1890,  2258. 

Carrollton,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     P.  1046. 

Carrollton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  18  miles  E. 
by  S.  from  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Carrollton,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  is  on 
or  near  the  Middle  Coon  River,  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Des 
Moines.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  125. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  River, 
12  miles  above  Madison  (Ind.),  and  44  miles  by  land  N.E. 
of  Louisville.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  7  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  cotton-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
seminary.  Pop.  1098.  Carrollton  Station  (English  Post- 
Office),  on  the  Louisville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville,  is  at  some  distance  from  the  town. 

Carrollton,  a  former  post-village  of  Jefferson  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  above  New  Orleans, 
but  now  the  seventh  district  or  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
wards  of  that  city.  It  has  14  churches,  the  Leland  Univer- 
sity (colored),  a  female  orphan  asylum,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber.  It  is  connected  with  New  Orleans  by  a  street 
railway.     Pop.  7438. 

Carrollton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  water-power  and  mills  for  plaster. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  the  Saginaw  River,  in  Carrollton  township,  and  on  the 
Jackson,  Lansing  <t  Saginaw  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  East 
Saginaw.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
salt.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1343. 

Carrollton,  a  hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in  Car- 
rollton township  (which  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad),  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Lanesborough  and  a  total 
population  of  2036. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co..  Miss., 


20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grenada,  and  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Winona.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  colleges,  a  cotton- 
factory,  a  newspaper  office,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods.     Pop.  800. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co..  Mo., 
is  on  or  near  the  Waconda  Creek,  66  miles  by  rail  E.N.B. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  banks,  10  churches,  a  convent, 
and  a  woollen-mill.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3878. 

Carrollton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Carrollton  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Buffalo,  Bradford  k 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  52  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  village  named  Limestone.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1218. 

Carrollton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  is 
24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Canton,  and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Zanes- 
ville.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a 
union  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  tannery,  2  foundries, 
and  5  smith-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1228. 

Carrollton,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &,  Dayton 
and  Cleveland,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroads,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  350. 

Carrollton,  a  post- village  and  station  of  Dallas  oo,, 
Tex.,  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  several  stores 
and  general  business  houses.     Pop.  about  100. 

Carrollton,  or  Carroll's,  a  station  of  Cowlits  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Ealama.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Carrollton  Station,  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  See  Car- 
rollton. 

Car'rolltown,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  Benedictine  convent, 
also  a  tannery  and  a  flour- mill.     Pop.  634. 

Car'ron,  a  river  and  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
the  river  entering  the  Firth  of  Forth  3  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Falkirk.  On  its  N.  bank,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Falkirk,  is  the 
village,  with  the  Carron  Iron- Works.     Pop.  1088. 

Car'ronbrook,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stratford.  It  has  saw-  and  planing- 
mills,  a  stave-factory,  a  soap-  and  candle-factory,  a  pottery, 
a  sash-factory,  and  salt-works.  A  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  1000. 

Car'ronshore,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Carron.     Pop.  966. 

Carrothers,  k&r-ruth'^rz,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co., 
0.,  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
common  school.     Pop.  200. 

Carrouges,  kaR^Roozh',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Orne,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Alenjon.     Pop.  1972. 

Car^rowmore',  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Tulloghan  Bay.  It  contains  several  isles, 
and  flows  through  the  river  Munhin  into  the  Owenmore. 

Carr  Rock  is  in  the  North  Sea,  off  Fife-Ness,  Scotland, 
in  lat.  56°  17'  N.,  Ion.  2°  35'  W.,  with  a  beacon  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bell  Rock  light-house. 

Carr's,  karz,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  22  miles  above  Maysville. 

Carr's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
at  Young's  Station  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Sidney  Plains.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Carr's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Augusta  Railroad,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Macon. 

Carrsville,  karz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co., 
Ky.,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Carrsville,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Baltimore. 

Carrsville,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  8  miles  N. 
of  Clinton.  It  has  a  church,  a  normal  institute,  and  a  flour- 
ing-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Carrsville,  a  post-village  of  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nor- 
folk.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Carra,  kiR-Roo',  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  3899. 

Carr'ville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Carrville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Don  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Toronto.   Pop.  100. 

Car'ryall,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  1087- 

Carrying  Place,  Ontario.    See  Murray. 

Carse  of  Falkirk,  fil-kirk',  a  district  in  Scotlana, 
cos.  of  Linlithgow  and  Stirling,  extends  along  the  Firth  of 
Forth  from  Borrowstounness  to  Airth. 


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Carse  of  Gowrie,  g5w'ree,  a  very  fertile  district  in 
Scotland,  oo.  of  Perth,  extends  for  15  miles  between  the  Tay 
«nd  the  Sidlaw  Hills. 

Carse  of  Stirling,  a  district  in  Scotland,  extending 
from  Buchlyvie  to  the  E.  extremity  of  the  oo.  of  Stirling, 
oonsists  of  a  rich  agricultural  tract  of  30,000  acres. 

Cars  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Carshal'ton,  or  Casehor'ton,  a  village  of  England, 
■00.  of  Surrey,  on  the  Epsom  Railway,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
London.     Pop.  of  parish,  3668. 

Cars'ley's  Church,  a  post-office  of  Surry  oo.,  Va. 

Carsoli,  kar'so-lee  (anc.  Carseoli),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Aquila,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  5527. 

Car'son,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas.  Area, 
■900  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  North  Fork  of 
Red  River.     Capital,  Panhandle.     Pop.  in  1890,  356. 

Carson,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  56  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Carson,  a  post-town  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  650. 

Carson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Hiawatha. 

Carson,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  161. 

Car'sonby,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  25 
miles  S.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  175. 

Car'son  City,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bloomer  township,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sheridan,  and 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Stanton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  2  sash-  and  blind-factories.  It  exports  much  pine 
lumber.     Here  is  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  921. 

Carson  City,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Nevada,  and 
of  Ormsby  co.,  is  situated  near  the  eastern  base  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  3  miles  W.  of  Carson  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Lake 
Tahoe,  and  21  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Virginia  City.  Lat.  39° 
10'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  43'  W.  It  is  surrounded  by  grand  moun- 
tain scenery,  and  is  on  the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Railroad, 
Zl  miles  S.  of  Reno.  Qold  and  silver  are  found  near  this 
place.  Two  daily  newspapers  are  published  here.  Carson 
City  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  United  States  mint,  sev- 
eral mills  for  extracting  gold  and  silver,  a  government 
and  a  c^pitoI  building,  an  Indian  school,  an  orphans'  home, 
and  a  large  creamery.  The  workshops,  round-house,  and 
general  offices  of  the  railroad  are  located  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3950. 

Carson  Pass,  Alpine  co.,  Cal.,  is  a  defile  or  depression 
in  the  Sierra  Nevada.     It  is  7972  feet  above  sea-level. 

Carson  River,  a  small  river  which  rises  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  near  the  boundary  between 
California  and  Nevada.  It  runs  northward  and  northeast- 
ward, intersects  the  cos.  of  Douglas,  Ormsby,  and  Lyon  (in 
Nevada),  and  enters  Carson  Lake.  Its  length  is  estimated 
at  170  miles.  Carson  Lake,  which  is  in  Churchill  co.,  Ne- 
vada, has  no  outlet.  Its  diameter  or  greatest  extent  is  about 
12  miles.     Silver  is  found  near  Carson  River. 

Carson's  Creek,  a  post-office,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Carson's  Landing,  a  village  of  Bolivar  oo..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  75  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Grenada. 
It  is  contiguous  to  Concordia  Post-Office.  Here  are  3  churches 
and  6  general  stores.  About  6000  bales  of  cotton  are  an- 
nually shipped  here. 

Car'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Qa.,  9  mile» 
{direct)  N.  of  Butler,  and  about  the  same  distance  N.N.E. 
of  Howard  railroad  station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  926. 

Carsonville,  a  post-town  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  3b 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  a  gpaded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  &c.     Pop.  350. 

Carsonville,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  about  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Harrisburg, 
and  7  miles  from  Cross  Roads  Station.     It  has  2  churchee. 

Carsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Carsonville,  a  post  village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 13  miles  from  Apohaqoi.     Pop.  150. 

Cart,  two  rivers  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  which  unite 
and  enter  the  Firth  of  Clyde  6  miles  below  Glasgow. 

Cartagena,  or  Carthagena,  kar-ta-jee'n§,  (Sp.  pron. 
kaR-ti-H4'ni ;  French,  Oarthaghie,  kaRHi^zhin' ;  anc. 
Cartha'go  No'va,  or  "  New  Carthage,"  it  having  been  a 
principal  colony  of  the  Carthaginians),  a  city  and  the  chief 
naval  arsenal  of  Spain,  oil  a  noble  bay  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, province  and  27  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Muroia.  Lat. 
37°  36'  6"  N.;  Ion.  0°  56'  36"  W.  Pop.  76,908.  It  occu- 
pies the  declivity  of  a  hill  and  a  small  plain  extending  to 
the  harbor,  which  is  protected  from  winds  by  surrounding 
heights.  Its  harbor  has  been  much  improved  by  the  con- 
52 


struction  of  moles.  An  island  on  the  S.,  as  well  as  the  city, 
is  strongly  fortified.  The  city,  though  dull  and  unhealthv, 
has  good  streets  and  houses,  numerous  churches  and  con* 
vents,  a  marine  school,  large  royal  hospital,  foundling  hos- 
pital, town  hall  and  custom-bouse,  observatory,  theatre, 
circus,  <tc.  In  its  W.  division  are  docks  for  building  men- 
of-war,  an  arsenal,  and  a  floating-dock.  Its  port  communi- 
cates with  the  Segura  River  by  the  Lorca  Canal.  Ita  man- 
ufactures of  cordage  and  canvas,  with  trade  in  barilla  and 
agricultural  produce,  have  decayed,  but  it  still  has  a  valuable 
tunny-fishery  and  a  glass-factory  and  smelting- works.  The 
copper-,  lead-,  zinc-,  and  iron-mines  of  Cartagena  were 
originally  wrought  by  the  Carthaginians.  Cartagena  was 
taken  by  Scipio  B.C.  208,  at  which  period,  according  to  Livy, 
it  was  one  of  the  richest  cities  in  the  world.  It  was  rained 
by  the  Goths ;  and  its  modern  importance  dates  only  from 
the  time  of  Philip  II.  It  ships  mostly  lead,  copper,  zinc, 
and  iron  ores,  sulphur,  and  esparto.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Cartagena,  or  Carthagena,  kar-ta-jee'na  (Sp.  pron. 
kaR-ti-Hi'n4),  a  city  and  seaport  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, capital  of  the  department  of  Bolivar,  on  a  small  sandy 
peninsula  connected  with  the  continent  by  an  artificial  neck 
of  land.  Lat.  10°  25'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  34'  W.  On  an 
island,  communicating  with  the  city  by  means  of  a  wooden 
bridge,  is  a  suburb  called  Xiximani.  Both  the  former  and 
the  latter  are  surrounded  by  strong  fortifications  of  freestone ; 
and  at  a  short  distance  from  the  city,  on  the  mainland,  is 
an  eminence  about  150  feet  high,  on  which  is  a  strong  fort. 
The  bay,  which  is  landlocked  and  has  smooth  water,  ex- 
tends from  N.  to  S.  7  miles,  and  affords  excellent  anchorage. 
There  were  two  entrances  to  the  port, — the  Boca  Grande, 
close  to  the  town,  and  the  Boca  Chica,  many  miles  farther 
S.  Two  strong  castles  defend  Boca  Chica,  which  is  the 
principal  entrance. 

The  town  and  suburbs  are  well  laid  out.  The  houses  are 
generally  of  stone,  two  stories  high,  with  balconies  and  lat- 
tices of  wood;  and  the  streets,  though  not  spacious,  are 
straight,  well  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  naval  arsenal.  Among  the  public  buildings 
are  churches  and  convents,  a  general  and  a  military  hos- 
pital, a  town  hall,  a  theatre,  a  circus,  and  a  college.  The 
weather  is  excessively  hot  and  insalubrious.  Leprosy  is 
common,  and  yellow  fever  often  makes  fearful  ravages. 
The  trade  of  Cartagena,  at  one  time  considerable,  has  de- 
clined very  much  in  consequence  of  the  rivalship  of  the 
ports  of  Santa  Marta  and  Barranquilla.  Exports,  cotton, 
sugar,  divi-divi,  balsams,  cinchona,  cacao,  vegetable  ivory, 
coffee,  &c.     The  pop.,  formerly  much  greater,  is  about  9000. 

Cartago,  kaR-ti'go,  a  river  and  bay  of  Nicaragua,  on 
the  Mosquito  Coast :  the  river  rises  about  lat.  14°  37'  N., 
and,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  about  45  miles,  enters  the 
bay,  which  is  a  large  lagoon  communicating  with  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  in  lat.  15°  20'  N.  and  extending  between  Ion.  83° 
35'  and  84°  15'  "W. 

Cartago,  a  town  of  Costa  Rica,  20  miles  E.  of  San  Jos4. 
It  is  connected  by  rail  with  Alajuela,  and  has  trade  in  cof- 
fee.    Pop.  4000. 

Cartago,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  depart- 
ment of  Antioquia,  in  the  valley  of  the  Cauca,  on  the  Viega, 
150  miles  W.  of  Bogota.     Pop.  3000. 

Cartama,  kaR-ti'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  miles  W.  of 
Malaga,  on  the  Guadaljore.     Pop.  4000. 

Cartaya,  kaR-tI'y4,  a  town  and  port  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, 9  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Huelva,  on  the  Piedra.  It  has 
a  prison,  a  hospital,  a  custom-house,  docks  for  ship-  and 
boat-building,  and  a  marine  store-house.  The  bulk  of  the 
people  are  fishermen.     Pop.  4970. 

Car'tecay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  oo.,  Qa.,  about  70 
miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Car'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  544  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little 
Sandy  River  and  Tygart's  Creek,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil 
of  the  lowlands  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  &c.  Coal  is 
abundant  here.  Capital,  Grayson.  Pop.  in  1870,  7509; 
in  1880,  12,345;  in  1890,  17,204. 

Carter,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cur- 
rent River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is 
partly  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  produces  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  oats,  &o.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county 
are  copper,  iron,  and  limestone.  The  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis,  and  the  St. 
Louis,  Cape  Girardeau  A  Fort  Smith  Railroads.  Capital, 
Van  Buren.     Pop.  in  1880,  2168;  in  1890.  4669 

Carter,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Tennessee,  has  aa 
area  of  about  298  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the 


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Watauga  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Iron 
Mountain.  The  surface  is  diversified  bj  mountains  and 
valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass, 
and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  abun- 
dant in  this  county.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  East 
Tennessee  &  West  North  Carolina  Railroad,  which,  entering 
it  in  the  West,  runs  eastward  to  Elizabethton,  the  capital, 
thence  in  a  southeasterly  direction  into  North  Carolina. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7909;  in  1880,  10,019;  in  1890,  13,389. 

Carter;  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1420. 

Carter,  a  township  of  Carter  co..  Mo.     Pop.  760. 

Carter,  a  station  of  Lafayette  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Independence  to  Lexington,  6  miles  W.  of  the  latter. 

Carter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Texas,  4  miles  N. 
of  Weatherford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  fiour-mill. 

Carter,  a  post-ofiSoeand  station  of  Uinta  co.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  389  miles  W.  of  Cheyenne. 

Carter  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Coudersport. 

Carter  Dome,  a  mountain  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Gorham  Railroad  Station.     Altitude,  4830  feet. 

Carteret,  kaRH^h-ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manohe, 
on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  in  the  English  Channel,  oppo- 
site Jersey.     Pop.  525. 

Car'teret,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.E.  by 
Pamlico  Sound.  It  comprises  several  low  islands  on  the 
sea-coast.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered 
with  pine  forests ;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  produces  a  little 
cotton  and  maize.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atlantic  <fc  North 
Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Beaufort.  Pop.  in  1870,  9010 ; 
in  1880,  9784;  in  1890,  10,825. 

Car'teret,  an  island  of  the  South  Pacific,  in  Solomon 
Archipelago.     Lat.  8°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  160°  48'  E. 

Car'teret,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Perth  Amboy  and  13  miles  (direct)  N.E. 
of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  a 
oard  and  engraving  company,  and  other  manufactures. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Carter-Fell,  Scotland.    See  Cheviot  Hills. 

Car'ter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Spring  Place.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  300. 

Carter's,  a  post- village  of  Bell  co.,  Ky.,  about  4  miles 
N.W.  from  Flat  Lick  and  10  miles  N.W.  from  Pineville. 
It  has  a  church  and  free  schools.     Pop,  about  500. 

Carter's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.  of  Red  Hill  Railroad  Station. 

Car'tersbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop,  about  250, 

Carter's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  oo.,  Tenn,, 
on  the  railroad  between  Nashville  and  Columbia,  38  miles 
S,  by  W,  of  Nashville, 

Carter's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Lancaster  Court-House.     It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Carter's  Depot,  a  hamlet  of  Carter  oo,,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Watauga  River,  20  miles  S,  by  W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  760. 

Carter's  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn., 
14  miles  E,  of  Carter's  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
iron-furnace. 

Carter's  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co,,  Va,, 
on  Staunton  River,  18  miles  from  Liberty. 

Carter's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N,0.,  1 
mile  from  Deep  River,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Carthage.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill. 

Carter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Carter's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co,,  Ala.,  16 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Wedowee.     It  has  a  church. 

Carter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark., 
12  miles  S.  of  Fayetteville, 

Car'tersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bartow  co,, 
Ga.,  on  the  Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  47  miles  N.W.  of 
Atlanta,  and  30  miles  E.S.E,  of  Rome.  It  is  the  N.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  East  &  West  Railroad  of  Alabama.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  It  has  6  churches, 
an  academy,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, ice,  and  ochre.  Cotton,  manganese,  and  iron  ores 
are  shipped  here.     Pop.  3171. 

CartersTille,  a  post-office  of  Tishomingo  oo.,  Miss.,  7 
miles  S.  of  luka, 

Cartersville,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pitts- 
ford  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central 
Bailroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Pittsford.     It  has  a  distillery. 


Cartersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Florence  co.,  S.C.,  IS 
miles  by  rail  S.W,  of  Florence.     It  has  3  churches,  saw- 
mills, cotton-gins,  and   common   and  free    schools.     Pop 
314, 

Cartersville,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  46  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches.  Tobacco  is  shipped  here  by  the  James  River 
Canal.     Pop.  about  150, 

Car'terville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  111.,  la 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  common  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Coal- 
mining is  the  principal  business  of  this  place.     Pop.  969. 

Carterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  John's  co,,  Fla.,  IJ 
miles  S.  of  St.  Augustine. 

Carterville,  a  post-office  of  Bossier  Parish,  La. 

Carterville,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo,,  in  Jop1i» 
township,  4  miles  from  Pittsburg  Station.  It  is  contiguous 
to  Webb  City.  It  has  a  carriage-factory,  a  smelting-fur- 
nace  for  lead,  and  several  steam-engines  for  draining  the 
lead-mines  which  have  been  opened  here.    Pop.  about  700. 

Carthage,  kar'thij  (L.  Cartha'go;  Gr.  KapxvS<iv,  Kar- 
chedon),  the  ancient  capital  of  a  famous  country  of  the 
same  name  in  Northern  Africa,  the  site  of  which  is  a  few 
miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Tunis,  on  the  N.  part  of  a  small 
peninsula,  Lat.  36°  55'  N.;  Lon.  10°  E.  About  thirty 
years  after  the  destruction  of  Carthage  City  (b.c,  146),  the 
Romans  attempted  to  establish  a  colony  on  its  site,  which 
did  not  prosper ;  but  a  second,  under  the  name  of  Colonia 
Carthago,  rose  into  importance,  and  became  the  first  city 
of  Roman  Africa,  In  439,  the  Vandals,  under  Genseric, 
seized  it.  It  was  retaken  by  Belisarius  in  553,  but  was 
finally  destroyed  by  the  Saracens  in  698.  The  few  ruins 
that  exist  belong  to  the  Roman  city.  Hardly  a  trace  re- 
mains of  the  Carthaginian  metropolis.  In  1841  a  monu- 
ment was  set  up  in  the  locality  by  the  French,  in  memory 
of  their  king  Louis  IX,  (St,  Louis),  who  died  of  the  plague, 
May  25,  1270,  while  besieging  the  city  of  Tunis. 

Carthage,  kar'thij,  a  post-village  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  15^ 
miles  by  rail  S,  of  Tuscaloosa,  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
200. 

Carthage,  a  post-town  and  railway  junction,  capita) 
of  Hancock  co,.  111.,  15  miles  E.  of  Keokuk,  and  40  miles 
N.N.E,  of  Quinoy,  with  which  places  it  is  connected  by 
railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices, 
a  college,  a  peg-factory,  a  creamery,  a  patent  fence  factory^ 
and  tile-works.     Pop.  1654, 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co,,  Ind.,  in  Ripley 
township,  on  the  Blue  River,  14  miles  by  rail  N,W,  of  Rush, 
It  has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  paper- 
factory,  a  planing-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  $ 
churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  482. 

Carthage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Ey.,  about 
14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newport. 

Carthage,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo..  Me.    Pop.  486. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Leake  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Pearl  River,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canton  and  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson,  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop,  about  400, 

Carthage,  a  flourishing  post-town,  capital  of  Jasper 
CO,,  Mo,,  is  i  mile  S.  of  Spring  River,  27  miles  by  rail -N.W. 
of  Pierce  City,  and  22  miles  by  rail  S,  by  E,  of  Lamar.  It 
has  a  court-house,  14  churches,  a  collegiate  institute,  a  high 
school,  a  catholic  school,  a  business  college,  a  conservatory 
of  music,  4  flouring-mills,  2  woolen-mills,  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop,  a  fruit  and  vegetable  cannery,  a  fruit  evap- 
orator, 2  national  and  3  private  banks,  3  daily  and  4 
weekly  newspaper  offices,  6  lime-kilns,  a  bed-spring-factory, 
and  fence-  and  brick-factories.  The  Spring  River  uffords 
abundant  water-power.  Lead  is  mined  near  this  place. 
The  chief  products  exported  from  Jasper  co,  are  lead, 
wheat,  corn,  pork,  and  wool.     Pop,  in  1890,  7981, 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Wilna  township,  JeflFer- 
son  CO.,  N,Y,,  is  finely  situated  on  Black  River  and  on  the 
Utica  <fc  Black  River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  main 
line  with  the  Carthage  <jb  Morristown  division,  74  miles  N. 
of  Utica,  and  17  miles  B.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  6 
churches,  an  academy  or  graded  school,  2  banks,  several 
tanneries,  2  iron-furnaces,  a  house  of  Augustinian  monks, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  machinery,  lumber,  iron, 
flour,  wooden-ware,  chums,  knit  goods,  <tc.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  A  bridge  across  the  river 
connects  this  place  with  West  Carthage,  Pop.  in  1880, 1912  f 
in  1890,  2278. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moore  co.,  N.C^j 
56  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.    It  has  5  churches,  2  academic 
a  newspaper  office,  stone-quarries,  4  turpentine  distillerit 
and  a  manufactory  of  buggies.     Pop.  486, 


CAR 


811 


CAS 


Carthage,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1272. 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  Mill 
Creek,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  i  churches, 
a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  axles,  wheels,  &c. 
Long  View  Insane  Asylum  and  the  Hamilton  Infirmary  are 
located  here.     Pop.  2257. 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Miner  co.,  S.D.,  34  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches,  3  banks,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-  and  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  200. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smith  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Caney  Fork,  50  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Nashville. 
Produce  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  a  new  court- 
house, 2  churches,  2  academies,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  477. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Panola  co.,  Tex., 
30  mile*  S.  of  Marshall,  and  44  miles  S.W.  of  Shreveport, 
La.  It  is  nearly  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  Sabine  River.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Carthage  Junction,  Illinois.  See  East  Burlington. 

Carthage  Landing,  or  New  Carthage,  a  post- 
village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fishkill  township,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  at  Low 
Point  Station,  4  miles  above  Newburg.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  241. 

CarUhage'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Celina,  with  a  church  and  a  seminary  for  Catholic 
Brpriests.     It  ixaa  3  or  4  stores. 

Carthagena,  Colombia.    See  Cartagena. 

Carthago,  the  ancient  name  of  Carthage. 

Carthago  Nova,  the  ancient  name  of  Cartagena. 
'    Cart'mel,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
.Morecambe  Bay,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Cartoogachayo,  township,  Macon  co.,  N.C.     P.  480. 

Cart'wright,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1851.     It  contains  Pleasant  Plains  and  Richland. 

V  Cartwright,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  23 
^iles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  3  churches. 
'Pop.  about  400. 

Cartwright's,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 
Carupano,  ki-roo-pi'no,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Bermudez,  57  miles  N.E.  of  Cuman^,  and  within  a 
I     few  miles  of  Cariaco.     Lat.  10°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  22'  W. 
k    A  battery  on  an  eminence  defends  the  port.     It  has  a  good 

■  roadstead,  a  light-house,  and  a  wharf.     Pop.  5000. 

■  ~    Carusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Gherzeh. 

m     Camthersville,    ka-ru'THerz-vil,   a    post-hamlet    of 

■  -Pemiscot  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  125  miles  below 
B  Cairo,  111.     It  is  a  shipping -point  for  corn,  cotton,  &e. 

■"•'    Carralho,  kaR-val'yo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  at 

V  the  foot  of  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
r  Coimbra.     Pop.  1420. 

Carvar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Carwar. 

Car'ver,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
I  has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the 
South  Fork  of  Crow  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  by  prairies  and  many  small  lakes.  About  half 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
com,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Hastings  A,  Dakota  Railroad.  Capital, 
Chaska.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,586;  in  1880,  14,140;  in  1890, 
15,532. 

Carver,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  cranberry  barrels,  kegs,  <fcc.     Pop.  994. 

Carver,  a  post-village  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  and 
Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroads,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis, 
and  2  miles  above  Chaska.  A  short  branch  railroad  con- 
nects it  with  the  Chicago  &  Omaha  City  Railroad  at  Mer- 
riam.  It  is  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  St.  Paul.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  brick-yards,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  625. 

Carver's  Creek,  township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  996. 

Carver's  Harbor,  a  village  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  an 
island  in  Penobscot  Bay,  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rockland. 

Car'versville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Solebury  township,  nearly  2  miles  from  the  Delaware  River, 
and  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Car'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Kingston  township,  2  miles  from  Wyoming  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 


Car'ville's  Station,  a  station  on  the  Queen  Anne  A 
Kent  Railroa^,  5  miles  E.  of  Centreville,  Md. 

Carvin-Epinay,  kaRViN<»'-i*pee*ni',  a  town  of 
France,  Pas-de- Calais,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Arras.    Pop.  6546.    It  has  manufactures  of  sugar  and  starch. 

Carvoeiro,  or  Peniche.    See  Cape  Carvoeiro. 

Car^war',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Mad- 
ras, at  the  mouth  of  the  Cauly  River  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goa.  In  former  times  it  was  an  im- 
portant seat  of  commerce.     Pop.  13,263. 

Ca'ry,  a  post-village  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Rolling  Fork.  It  has  4  churches,  2  academies, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cary,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C,  8  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a  high  school,  2  churches,  and 
a  mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  423. 

Cary,  a  village  of  Ohio.     See  Carey. 

Cary  Cut,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Boston. 

Ca'rysfoot  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  coral 
reef  encircling  a  lagoon,  in  lat.  20°  44'  S.,  Ion.  138°  22'  W. 

Ca'rysfort,  Macred'din,  or  Moycree'din,  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Rathdrum. 

Ca'rysfort  Reef,  a  coral  reef  off  the  S.  point  of 
Florida,  lat.  25°  13'  15"  N.,  Ion.  80°  12'  45"  W.,  with  a 
light-house  112  feet  high. 

Cary  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  111., 
near  Fox  River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Woodstock.  Pop. 
100. 

Ca'rysville,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paris  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carytena,  ki-re-tee'nS,,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Arcadia, 
17  miles  W.  of  Tripolitza,  near  the  Carbonaro. 

Ca'rytOAvn,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
from  Esperance. 

Ca'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Bellingham  township,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  satinet-factory. 

Caryville,  or  Cary,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.    See  Oakmeld. 

Caryviile,  or  Careyville,  a  post-village  of  CampboII 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Knoxville  A  Ohio  Railroad,  38  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  3  miles  from  Jacksborough. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  general  stores. 

Casa,  kas'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Ark.,  15  miles 
(direct)  W.  of  Perry  ville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
a  saw-mill. 

Casaba,  k&-s9.'b9,,  Cassaba,  or  Kassaba,  k&s-E9,'b&, 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  30  miles  (by  railway  63  miles)  N.E. 
of  Smyrna.  It  has  two  handsome  mosques  and  a  bazaar. 
It  is  renowned  for  its  pears  and  melons,  which,  with  cotton, 
raw  silk,  and  cotton  manufactures,  compose  its  principal 
exports.     Pop.  12,000. 

Casaba,  Cassaba,  or  Kassaba,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konieh.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruin- 
ous walls,  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  has  a  good  bazaar,  and 
presents  many  traces  of  former  prosperity. 

Casablanca,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Dar-al-Baida. 

Casa  Blanca,  k&'s&  bl&n'kS,,  a  hamlet  or  settlement  of 
Goliad  CO.,  Tex.,  44  miles  from  Victoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Casa  Branca,  ki'si  br&n'ki,  a  town  and  railway 
junction  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  49  miles  S.W.  of  Estre- 
moz.  There  is  another  place  of  this  name,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Estremoz. 

Casa  Branca,  ki'si  brin'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  100  miles  N.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  3000. 

Casa  Branca,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes.     Pop.  2000. 

Casacalenda,  k&-8i-k&-Idn'd&,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.  It  has  3  churches, 
one  of  which  is  in  Tuscan  style,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  6248. 

Casaccia,  k8,-s4t'ch4  (Ger.  Kasdtsch,  ki-s5tch'),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  S.  of  Mount  Sep- 
timer,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Chiavenna.     Pop.  80. 

Cas'ady's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa. 

Casaida,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ita. 

Casalangnida,  ki-si-lin'gwe-di,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Chieti,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3026. 

Casal  Bellotto,  ki-sil'  bdl-lot'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1340. 

Casal  Bordino,  ki-sil'  boR-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Chieti,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  4745. 

Casal  Bore,  ki-s4l'  bo'rJ.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2333. 

Casal  Borgone,  kl-s41'  boR-go'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2476. 


CAS 


812 


CAS 


Casal  Buttano,  ki-sll'  boot-ti'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  3932. 

Casal  Cipriani,  ki-sil'  che-pre-4'nee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  6i  miles  W.  of  Campobasso.  Pop.  1790. 

Casal  di  Principe,  ki-sil'  dee  prin'che-pi,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Caserta.     P.  3529. 

Casal  Duni,  ki-sil'  doo'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  21  miles  S.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2615. 

Casale,  ki-s4'li  (anc.  Bodincom'aguaf),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Alessandria,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  tbe  right 
bank  of  the  Po,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alessandria.  The  citadel, 
founded  in  1590  by  Duke  Vioenzo,  was  one  of  the  strongest 
in  Italy.  The  castle  or  palace  is  still  standing,  but  the 
ramparts  have  been  converted  into  promenades,  and  the 
defences  are  now  insignificant.  The  cathedral  is  said  to 
have  been  founded  in  742.  There  are  several  other  churches, 
a  seminary,  convents,  two  hospitals,  an  orphan  hospital, 
college,  public  library,  theatre,  corn  magazine,  several  silk- 
spinning-mills,  a  parade,  and  a  public  garden.  The  trade  of 
the  town  is  inconsiderable.  Casale  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop. 
It  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient  marquisate  or  duchy  of 
Montferrat.     Pop.  27,514. 

Casale,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Treviso. 
Pop.  2803. 

Casale  Corte  Cerro,k3,-sfl,'li  kon'ti  ohfiR'ro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  on  the  Strona.     Pop.  2145. 

Casale  della  Trinita,  k&-s&'14  dSl'l&  tree-nee-t&',  or 
Trinit^poli,  tree-nee-ti'po-lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Foggia,  on  Lake  Salpi,  25  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Foggia. 
There  are  salt-works  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  6648. 

Casale  di  liecce,  k&-s&'l4  dee  ISt'chi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  1158. 

Casale  lo  Sturno,  k&-s&'l4  lo  stooR'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Avellino,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Frigento.     Pop.  2403. 

Casale  Nuovo,  k&-s&'ld.  noo-o'vo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pisa,  16  miles  N.  of  Campiglia.     Pop.  1097. 

Casal  Maggiore,  k4-s41'  mS,d-jo'r4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona,  on  the  Po.  Pop.,  with  com- 
mune, 16,090.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass,  earthenware, 
and  cream  of  tartar. 

Casalnocetto,  ki-sil-no-ch5t'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Tortona.     Pop.  1283. 

CasalnoTO,  ki-s&I-no'vo,  or  Casalnuovo,  k&-s&l- 
noo-o'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ni- 
castro,  near  the  Savuto.     Pop.  1610. 

Casalnuovo,  k&-s&l-noo-o'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Cala- 
bria, 14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castrovillari,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Taranto.     Pop.  2000. 

Casalnuovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  3706. 

Casalnuovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  San  Severe.     Pop.  3342. 

Casal-Pusterlengo,  ki-sll'-poos-tfiR-lfin'go,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Milan,  at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Brembiolo.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen,  silk  goods,  and  earthenware,  and  a  trade  in  Par- 
mesan cheese,  which  is  here  made.     Pop.  6207. 

Casaltrinit^.    See  Casale  della  Trinita. 

Casalvecchio,  k3,-sS,l-vfik'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  2144. 

Casalvecchio,  a  village  of  Sicily,  on  a  mountain,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  2446. 

Casalvieri,  k3.-s8,l-ve-i'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  4332. 

Casamanza,  k4-s4-m&n'z&,  or  Cazamance,  k&^z&^- 
m&Nss',  a  river  of  Senegambia,  enters  the  Atlantic  60  miles 
S.  of  the  Gambia  River.  On  the  N.  side  of  its  entrance,  at 
Garabane,  the  French  have  a  trading-station. 

Casamarciano,  k4-s4-maR-chlL'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  1824. 

Casamassima,  k&-s4-m&s'se-m&,  a  town  of  Italy,  13 
miles  S.  of  Bari.     Pop.  6553. 

Casamicciola,  k4-si-mit-cho'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Pozzuoli,  at  the  foot  of  Mont'  Epomeo.  Pop. 
3953.     It  has  thermal  springs  and  baths. 

Casan,  a  government  in  Eussia.     See  Kazan. 

Casanare,  k4-s4-n4'ri,  a  river  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  issues  in  the  mountains  of  Chita,  and,  after  an 
E.  course  of  about  180  miles  through  immense  plains,  falls 
into  the  Meta  a  little  E.  of  the  confluence  of  the  Chire, 
lat.  5°  58'  N.     It  is  navigable  for  small  craft. 

Casanare,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the 
above  river,  in  the  department  of  Boyacd.  Lat.  5°  56'  N. ; 
Ion.  71°  50'  W.     Pop.  900,  chiefly  Indians. 

Casanare,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  territory  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  extending  from  the  E.  slope  of  the 
Andes  to  the  Orinoco. 


Casandrino,  k4-84n-dree'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  N.  of  Naples.     Pop.  2528. 
Casanova,  k4-s4-no'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 

2  miles  N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  4823. 
Casano'va,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fauquier  co.,  ya. 
Casapulla,  k4-s4-poori4,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.W. 

of  Caserta,  on  the  road  to  Capua.     Pop.  2845. 

Casarabonela,  k4-si'ra-bo-n4'la,  a  town  of  Spain, 
29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Casarano,  ki-si-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  4358. 

Casar  de  Caceres,  ki'saa  di  ki'thi-rSs,  a  town  of 
Spain,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.  Pop.  4510,  employed 
in  linen-weaving  and  manufactures  of  leather. 

Casares,  ki'si-ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  52  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Malaga.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  brandy. 
Pop.  4500. 

Casariche,  k&-s4-ree'ohd.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 52  miles  E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Yeguas.     Pop.  2120. 

Casarza,  ki-saRd'zS.,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  2555. 

Casas  de  Ibafiez,k&'s&s  di  ee-b&n'ydth,  a  town  of 
Spain,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1910. 

Casas  de  Millan,  ki's&s  di  meel-yin',  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Caceres,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Tagus.     Pop.  1437. 

Casas  de  Ves,  ki'sis  di  vis,  a  town  of  Spain,  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Albacete,  on  the  Gabriel.     Pop.  1720. 

Casas  Grandes,  ki'sis  grin'dis,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Chihuahua,  35  miles  S.  of  Llanos,  surrounded  by 
ruins.     Present  pop.  about  3000. 

Cas£Ltch,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Casaccia. 

Casate-Nuovo,  ki-si'ti-noo-o'vo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2682. 

Casbeen,  or  Casbin,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Kasbin 

Cascade,  kas-kad'  a  central  county  of  Montana,  S.  of 
Choteau  co.  Area,  2600  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  well  watered  by  the  Missouri  River,  which 
intersects  it  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  The  Great  Falls  &  Canada 
and  the  Great  Northern  &  Montana  Central  Railroads 
traverse  it.     Capital,  Great  Falls.     Pop.  in  1890,  8755. 

Cascade,  a  station  in  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  among  the  Sier- 
ras, on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Truokee. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office, 
roller-mill,  a  brewery,  3  butter-factories,  and  a  plough* 
factory.     Pop.  955. 

Cascade,  a  station  in  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Petoskey. 

Cascade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  Thorn- 
apple  River,  3  miles  from  Ada  Station,  and  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  water-power  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  22 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Redwing,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Stanton 
Station.  It  has  several  church  organizations,  and  roller- 
and  flour-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Cascade  co.,  Montana,  57 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Benton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cascade,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

Cascade,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  595. 

Cascade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  3 
tobacco-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Lyndon  township,  on  Milwaukee  River,  near  its  source, 

3  miles  from  Waldo  Railroad  Station,  and  about  44  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Milwaukee.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  cheese-factory,  2  hotels,  Ac.     Pop.  253. 

Cascade  Junction,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Negaunee,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  extending  to  tbe 
Cascade  Mines. 

Cascade  Range,  a  long  and  lofty  mountain-range 
of  Oregon  and  Washington,  extends  in  a  N.  and  S.  direc- 
tion, nearly  parallel  with  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  con- 
tinuous or  connected  with  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California. 
The  distance  between  this  range  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  is 
about  110  miles  in  Oregon,  and  from  120  to  160  miles  in 
Washington  Territory.  Among  the  highest  peaks  are 
Mount  Hood,  Mount  Jefferson,  Mount  Pitt,  Mount  Baker, 
Mount  Rainier  or  Takoma,  and  Mount  St.  Helen's.  The 
first  three  are  in  Oregon,  and  the  others  in  Washington. 
According  to  Whitney,  Mount  Hood  is  11,934  feet  high,  and 
Mount  St.  Helen's  is  said  to  rise  12,000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.     Lava  abounds  in  this  range,  which  appears  to  h» 


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composed  chiefly  of  volcanic  and  igneous  rocks.  It  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber,  including  the 
fir  and  pine.  The  Columbia  River  passes  through  this 
range  (near  its  middle)  by  a  series  of  rapids  and  cascades 
at  the  Dalles.  Magnificent  and  picturesque  scenery  abounds 
among  these  mountains,  the  name  of  which  is  derived  from 
the  cascades  of  the  Columbia  River. 

Cascades,  kas-kadz',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Skamania 
CO.,  Washington,  is  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia  River, 
about  160  miles  from  its  mouth.  Here  are  falls  or  rapids 
which  obstruct  the  navigation  of  the  river.  Passing  through 
the  Cascade  Range,  the  river  is  here  contracted  into  a  chan- 
nel about  200  feet  wide. 

Cascade  Valley,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y. 

Cascaes,  kis-ki'fis,  almost  kis-ki'fings,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  on  the  Atlantic,  15  miles  W.  of  Lis- 
bon.    Pop.  2500. 

Cascante,  kSa-kln'ti  (anc.  Cascan'tum),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Navarre,  53  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  3913. 

Cascavel,  kis-k3,-v51',  a  town  of  Brazil,  near  the  Serra 
Cascavel.  state  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  CearS.     Pop.  8960. 

Case- a,  ki'shi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  13  miles  E. 
of  Spoleto.     Pop.  4735. 

Casciano,  a  village  of  Italy,    See  San  Casciano. 

Casciano  dei  Bagni.  See  San  Casciano  dei  Bagni. 

Cascina,  k&-shee'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  on 
the  Arno,  8  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Pisa.  It  has  manu- 
ictures  of  cotton  and  linen  goods.     Pop.  1970. 

Cas'co,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Sebago 
Lake.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Casco,  and  has  2 
lurches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  998. 

Casco,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1219. 
"le  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Casco. 

Casco,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co., 
[ich,,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  Pop.  1976.  The 
liamlet  is  about  3  miles  from  Columbus  Railroad  Station. 

Casco,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Casco,  a  post-township  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  about 
14  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.     Pop.  1399. 

Casco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kewaunee  River,  in  Pierce  township,  20  miles  E.  of  the 
city  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Casco  Bay  is  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  and  forms  the  S.E. 
boundary  of  Cumberland  co.  The  city  of  Portland  is  on 
this  bay,  which  extends  about  20  miles  northeastward  from 
that  place.  The  number  of  little  islands  in  this  bay  is  said 
to  be  300  or  more. 

Casco  Pier,  a  hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.,  in  Pierce 
township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  27  miles  E.  of  Green  Bay.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

Cascump^qne,  Prince  Edward  Island.  See  Alex- 
andria. 

Caselle,  ki-sfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Turin,  on  the  Stura.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  twist  and 
paper.     Pop.  3880. 

Caselle,  a  town  of  Italy,  6J  miles  S.W.  of  Lodi. 
Pop.  1064. 

Caselle  Landi,  k&-sdl'l^  Un'dee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop,  2595. 

Caselliua,  ki-sdl-lee'nS,,  a  suburb  of  Florence,  Italy, 
2  miles  W.  of  the  city.     Pop.  of  district,  13,942. 

Casenenil,  a  town  of  France.     See  Casseneuil. 

Casenovia,  iMichigan.     See  Casnovia, 

Caserta,  ki-sfiR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles  N,  by  E,  of  Naples,  and  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Capua.  Pop.  29,451.  It  has  numerous  churches, 
a  hospital,  a  military  school,  and  fine  barracks ;  its  princi- 
pal edifices  are  a  royal  palace  and  an  aqueduct,  both  con- 
structed by  Vanvitelli  for  Charles  III,  The  palace  is  one 
of  the  most  magnificent  royal  residences  in  Europe,  and 
comprises  a  chapel,  and  a  large  theatre,  decorated  with 
columns  from  an  ancient  temple  of  Serapis,  The  park  is 
of  vast  extent.  The  gardens  are  supplied  with  water  con- 
veyed by  a  fine  aqueduct  from  Airola,  nearly  27  miles  dis- 
tant. Near  Caserta  is  the  silk-factory  of  St.  Lencio,  which 
produces  the  fabric  called  groa  de  Naples, 

Caserta  Vecchia,  kS,-sfiR't4  vfik'ke-i  ("Old  Caserta"),  is 
a  small  town,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta.  Pop.  1200,  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  an  episcopal  palace. 

Caserta,  formerly  Terra  di  Lavoro,  tSR'ui  dee 
14-vo'ro,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  the  ancient  Campania 
Felix,  bounded  S.W,  by  the  Mediterranean,  Area,  2307 
square  miles.  It  produces  much  corn,  oil,  wine,  and  silk. 
Capital,  Capua.     Pop.  in  1871,  697,403;  in  1881,  714,131. 

Casevel,  k8,-si-v4l',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo, 
30  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Beja, 


Case'ville,  a  post-village  of  Huron  oo.,  Mich.,  is  in 
Caseville  township,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Pigeon  River,  48  miles  N.E,  of  Bay  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  4  lumber-mills,  a  blast- 
furnace, and  several  salt-works.  It  has  a  good  harbor. 
Pop.  508;  of  the  township,  1193. 

Ca'sey,  a  obunty  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  444  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Green  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Part  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Kentucky  Southern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870,  8884;  in  1880, 
10,983 ;  in  1890,  11,848. 

Casey  (local  pron.  k&'ze),  a  post-village  of  Clark  co., 
111.,  35  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  844. 

Ca'sey,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Thomp- 
son township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 52  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Des  Moines.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  cigars, 
fences,  and  patent  gates,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  452. 

Casey  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbia,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  several  stores.     Pop.  932. 

Ca'seyville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Caseyville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  60  miles  above  Paducah,  and  35  miles  by 
land  S.W.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  5 
churches,  and  manufactories  of  flour  and  tobacco.     P.  760. 

Caseyville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Miss.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Brookhaven.     Pop.  200. 

Cashan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Kashan. 

Casheen'  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  is  on  the  W, 
side  of  the  island  of  Garomna. 

Cash'el,  a  city  of  Ireland,  co.  and  13  miles  E.  by  N, 
of  Tipperary,  and  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cork.  It  stands  in  the 
centre  of  a  rich  agricultural  district,  at  the  foot  of  the  Rock 
of  Cashel,  a  limestone  height,  on  which  is  a  most  interesting 
assemblage  of  ruins,  consisting  of  a  round  tower,  a  chapel 
of  Saxon  and  Norman  architecture,  the  ancient  cathedral, 
a  castellated  palace,  and  the  ruins  of  an  abbey.  Principal 
edifices,  the  cathedral  and  parish  church,  nunnery,  Roman 
Catholic  and, other  chapels,  the  infirmary,  hospital,  national 
school,  town  commissioner's  house,  court-house,  barracks, 
and  the  archbishop's  palace,  containing  a  good  library. 
Cashel  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  archbishop  and  an  Anglican 
bishop.     Pop,  4562, 

Cash'el,  or  Crosby's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.E,  of  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Cash  gar,  Chinese  Toorkistan.     See  Kashgar. 

Cash'ie,  a  small  river  of  North  Carolina,  flows  S.E. 
through  Bertie  CO.,  and  enters  Roanoke  River  about  10  miles 
from  its  mouth.     It  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  Windsor. 

Cash'iers,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.  P,  609. 

Cashmere,  Kashmir,  Kachemir,  or  Cache- 
mire,  kish-meer',  written  alsoKaschemir  and  Kach- 
mir,  a  country  of  India,  comprised  between  lat.  33°  27' 
and  34°  37'  N.  and  Ion.  74°  30'  and  76°  14'  E.  Area  of 
Cashmere  proper,  estimated  at  4500  square  miles ;  but  lat- 
terly the  name  is  frequently  applied  to  the  whole  of  the 
Gholab  Singh  dominions,  including  Cashmere  proper,  Bulti, 
Ladakh  (or  Western  Thibet),  Gilghit,  Punch,  and  Jummoo. 
The  sovereign  is  called  the  "  Maharajah  of  Jummoo  and 
Cashmere."  Total  area,  77,900  square  miles.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  a  maharajah  under  Britisn  supervision,  and  has  a 
total  pop.  of  2,516,740.  Cashmere  proper,  or  the  Vale  of 
Cashmere,  with  its  surrounding  mountains  (pop.  491,846), 
consists  mainly  of  an  extensive  valley  of  an  irregular  oval 
form,  lying  N.W.  and  S.E.,  from  5500  to  6000  feet  above  the 
sea,  and  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  lofty  mountains,  second- 
ary ranges  of  the  Himalayas.  The  alluvial  plain  in  the 
bottom  of  the  valley  is  estimated  at  75  miles  long  by  40 
miles  broad.  The  mountain-range  which  encloses  the  val- 
ley is,  on  the  N.,  called  the  Durawur  and  Kuhiama  Moun- 
tains ;  N.E.,  the  Haramuk  and  Sonamurg  Mountains ;  E., 
the  snowy  Panjal;  S.,  the  Futi  Panjal  and  Panjal  of  Bani- 
hal;  and  W.,  the  Pir  Panjal.  Excepting  S.W.  of  the 
capital,  Serinagur,  their  summits  appear  to  be  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.  The  highest  peak  seems  to  be  the  Pir  Pan- 
jal, 15,000  feet  high,  on  the  S.W.  boundary  of  the  valley: 
and  on  the  N.E.  the  Haramuk  is  13,000  feet.  Iron  haa 
been  found  abundantly,  imbedded  in  limestone;  lead  ii 
worked,  and  copper  is  known  to  exist  in  the  valley.     Plum- 


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bago  abounds  in  the  Pir  Panjal ;  excellent  limestone  exists 
in  the  form  of  fine  black  marble.  The  valley  is  entered  by 
passes,  which  are  practicable  for  horses,  but  none  of  them 
for  wheeled  carriages.  The  most  important  are  the  Bara- 
mula  and  Punch,  on  the  "VV.  frontier,  the  latter  8500  feet 
high,  Banihal,  on  the  S.,  9690  feet,  and  Nabog,  on  the  E., 
all  practicable  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Cashmere  is 
watered  by  the  Jhylum  or  Behut,  which,  rising  in  the  moun- 
tains of  the  S.E.  frontier,  flows  N.W.  through  the  centre 
of  the  valley,  receiving  numerous  streams  from  both  sides. 
The  principal  lakes  are  the  Dal  or  City  Lake  (Lake  of  Cash- 
mere), close  by  the  capital,  6  miles  long  by  4  miles  broad ;  the 
Manasa  Bui ;  and  the  Great  Wulur  Lake,  which  is  merely 
a  shallow  expansion  of  the  Jhylum,  20  miles  long  by  9 
miles  broad.  The  smaller  lakes  are  Opun  and  Wusikara,  and 
numerous  small  expanses  of  water  in  the  mountains.  The 
whole  of  the  valley  is  thus  most  admirably  supplied  with 
the  means  of  irrigation. 

The  soil  is  in  general  exceedingly  fertile.  Rice  is  the 
principal  crop,  the  returns  being  in  favorable  seasons  as 
high  as  fifty-  or  sixty-fold.  "Wheat,  barley,  millet,  buck- 
wheat, and  maize  are  cultivated.  Great  quantities  of  saf- 
fron of  excellent  quality  are  exported.  Among  the  natural 
productions  the  most  valuable  is  the  Singhara,  or  water-nut, 
the  seed  of  Trapa  bispinosa,  on  which  the  poorer  inhabit- 
ants subsist.  It  grows  in  the  Wulur  Lake,  from  which 
about  60,000  tons  are  annually  taken.  The  principal  fruits 
are  apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  apricots,  <fco.  Among  the 
finest  trees  of  Cashmere  are  the  deodar,  or  Himalayan  cedar, 
the  chunar  {Platanus  orientalis),  the  poplar,  and  the  lime, 
all  of  which  attain  a  great  size  and  luxuriance,  and  the 
chestnut-tree,  growing  to  a  size  far  exceeding  that  of  the 
American  variety.  Maple,  willow,  and  white  thorn  are 
common,  and,  on  the  mountains,  birch,  alder,  and  pine. 
Flowers  of  various  kinds  and  of  surpassing  beauty  grow 
everywhere  in  vast  profusion,  especially  roses. 

Cashmere  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  shawls.  The  wool 
used  in  their  manufacture  is  of  two  kinds,  one  obtained  from 
the  tame  goat  and  the  other  from  the  wild  goat,  wild  sheep, 
and  other  wild  animals.  This  country  has  long  been  famous 
for  its  gun-  and  pistol-barrels.  Paper  and  leather  are  also 
manufactured,  both  of  superior  quality.  Lacquered  ware 
of  the  most  beautiful  description  and  nicest  workmanship 
is  likewise  among  the  products  of  Cashmere;  and  the  lapi- 
daries excel  in  taste  and  skill.  The  attar  of  roses  made  in 
the  valley  is  considered  superior  to  any  other. 

The  greater  part  of  the  population  are  Mohammedans. 
In  physical  qualities  the  natives  of  Cashmere  excel  all  other 
branches  of  tne  great  Indian  nation,  being  tall,  robust,  and 
handsomely  formed.  In  disposition  they  are  lively,  witty, 
and  good-humored.  Their  language  is  a  dialect  of  San- 
scrit, containing  a  large  admixture  of  Persian,  in  which  the 
records  and  correspondence  of  government  are  written.  In 
1586,  Cashmere  was  subjugated  by  the  Emperor  Akbar,  and 
was  incorporated  in  his  empire.  The  Afghans  vanquished 
it  in  1752,  and  held  it  till  1819,  when  it  was  conquered  by 
the  Sikhs,  and  continued  under  the  dominion  of  the  Maha- 
rajah of  the  Punjab  till  1846,  since  which  period  it  has  been 
under  the  protection  of  the  British.  The  provinces  not 
included  in  the  valley  are  noticed  under  their  alphabetical 
heads. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cashmbrian,  kish-mee're-an. 

Cashmere,  capital  of  the  above.     See  Serinagur. 

Cash^mere',  or  Canton,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex 
00.,  Ontario,  on  the  Thames,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Bothwell.  P.  100. 

Cash  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn. 

Cash  River,  Illinois.    See  Cache. 

Cash's,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Cheraw 
A  Darlington  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Darlington. 

Cash'town,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  in  Frank- 
lin township; 8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Gettysburg.     Pop.  100. 

Cash'np,  a  locality  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Rouseville.     It  at  one  time  afforded  much  petroleum. 

Cash'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  in 
Reedville  township. 

Casilinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Capua. 

Casino.    See  Monte  Casino. 

Casinum  Aquinium.    See  San  Germano. 

Casio  e  Casola,  ki'see-6  i.  k4'so-li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  3101. 

Cask'ets,  a  dangerous  group  of  rocks  in  the  English 
Channel,  7  miles  W.  of  Alderney.  On  the  highest  is  a  light- 
house, in  lat.  49°  43'  N.,  Ion.  2°  22'  W. 

Cas'ky,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Hopkins- 
ville.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  nursery  garden,  2 
■aw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  creamery,  and  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns.     Pop.  350 


Cas'ner,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  III.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Decatur. 

Casno'via,  a  post- village  on  the  borders  of  Muskegon 
and  Kent  counties,  Mich.,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  22  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Muskegon.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  ^o.     Pop.  350. 

Caso,  a  Turkish  island.     See  Caxo. 

Casola,  k&'so-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  E.  of  Castel- 
a-Mare.     Pop.  2452. 

Casola,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Casio  b  Casola. 

Casole,  ki'so-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  15 
miles  W.  of  Sienna.     Pop.  4374. 

Casoli,  ki'so-lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
on  a  mountain,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  6028. 

Ca'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Cason,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  Tex.,  36  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  &o. 

Casorate,  k&-so-r&'t&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 

11  miles  N.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  3447. 

Casoria,  k&-so'ree-&,  a  town  of  Italy  6  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Naples.  It  has  4  fine  churches.  Silk  is  produced 
in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  9338. 

Cas'par,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
sea-coast,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a  harbor  for 
schooners,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  206. 

Caspe,  k&s'pi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Saragossa, 

12  miles  N.N.E.  of  AlcaBiz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Guada- 
lupe, near  its  confluence  with  the  Ebro.  It  has  paved  streets, 
a  handsome  Gothic  collegiate  church,  several  chapels,  a 
town-hall  and  prison,  a  hospital,  and  several  public  foun- 
tains. It  has  manufactures  of  wine,  oil,  and  soap,  and 
some  trade  in  grain  and  cattle,  but  the  mining  of  coal  and 
iron  is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  9410. 

Cas'per,  a  post-town  of  Natrona  co.,  Wyoming,  46 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Douglas.  It  has  a  church,  3 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  544. 

Caspian  (k&s'pe-an)  Sea  (anc.  Ma're  Gas'pium  vel 
Hyrca'nium ;  Gr.  Koo-iria  doAturo-a),  a  large  inland  sea  or 
salt  lake,  lying  between  Europe  and  Asia,  or,  more  precisely, 
between  lat.  36°  55'  and  47°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  46°  48'  and 
55°  25'  E.  Greatest  length  from  N.  to  S.,  760  miles ;  great- 
est breadth,  S.  part,  about  lat.  45°  N.,  270  miles;  narrowest 
part,  opposite  Cape  Apsheron,  150  miles.  Bounded  N.  and 
W.  by  Russia  and  Persia,  E.  by  the  Kirgheez  steppe  and 
Khiva,  and  S.  by  Persia.  Area,  180,000  square  miles, 
draining  in  Europe  alone  an  extent  of  850,000  square  miles. 
Although  at  some  points  the  Caspian  attains  a  depth  of  500 
fathoms,  it  is  remarkable  for  its  shallowness  generally, 
especially  along  its  shores,  where  it  seldom  exceeds  3  feet 
for  a  distance  of  100  yards  from  the  land.  Its  E.  and  W. 
coasts,  particularly  the  former,  are  deeply  indented  with 
bays  and  gulfs,  while  the  southern  shores  are  almost  un- 
broken. The  principal  bays  on  the  eastern  side  are  Emba 
Bay,  Mertvoi  Gulf,  Karasoo  Inlet,  Manghishlak  Gulf,  Bay 
of  Alexander,  Kenderlinsk  Gulf,  Kara-Boghaz,  and  Bal- 
khan  Bay.  On  the  opposite  side  occur  the  Gulfs  of  Kizil 
Agrakhan  and  Kooma,  with  several  less  marked  indenta- 
tions; but  the  only  important  one  on  the  southern  coast  is 
Astrabad  Bay.  The  surface  of  the  Caapian  is  84  feet  below 
the  ocean-level.       '       "  " 

The  Caspian  contains  numerous  islands,  but  not  many  of 
any  great  extent.  The  largest  are  on  the  Asiatic  side,  the 
greatest  number  on  the  European,  particularly  about  the 
mouths  of  the  Volga  and  along  the  coasts  to  the  N.E.  and 
S.W.  of  them,  where  they  lie  in  countless  numbers,  most  of 
them,  however,  being  mere  islets. 

The  waters  are  salt,  though  not  nearly  so  much  so  as  those 
of  the  ocean ;  but  the  remarkable  landlocked  gulf  of  Kara- 
Boghaz  is  intensely  salt.  The  Caspian  has  no  tides  and  no 
outlets,  its  superfluous  waters  being  carried  off  solely  by 
evaporation.  In  the  region  of  the  Volga,  including  the 
territory  from  the  river  S.E.  to  the  Emba  and  S.W.  to  the 
left  bank  of  the  Soolak,  the  whole  seaboard  is  composed  of 
recent  alluvium  deposited  by  the  streams. 

Sturgeons  and  sterlets  are  caught  in  the  Caspian  in  great 
quantities;  and  there  are  also  salmon,  perch,  Silurus,  two 
kinds  of  carp,  and  porpoises.  Seals  abound  in  the  upper 
coasts,  and  tortoises  between  the  mouths  of  the  Volga  and 
the  Ural.  The  mollusca  are  few  in  species.  The  chief 
fishery  for  sturgeon  is  at  and  near  Astrakhan.  Many  thou- 
sand persons  are  employed  in  the  Russian  Upper  Caspian 
fisheries ;  and  the  annual  amount  of  caviare  obtained  may 
be  stated  at  800,000  pounds,  besides  20,000  pounds  of  isin- 
glass, the  produce  of  upwards  of  700,000  sturgeons.  Tht 
number  of  seals  annually  taken  is  nearly  100,000. 

The  only  ports  of  importance  on  the  Caspian  are  Astr*- 


CAS 


815 


CAS 


khan,  Derbend,  Bakoo,  Salian,  Balfurosh,  and  Astrabad.  The 
navigation  is  at  all  times  difficult  and  often  perilous.  Steam- 
packets  have  been  established,  and  there  is  a  Russian  naval 
force  in  the  Caspian,  composed  of  19  vessels,  all  of  which 
are  steamers. 

The  basin  of  the  Caspian  is  most  extensive  on  the  N.  and 
W.,  from  which  it  receives  the  Ural,  the  Volga,  the  Terek, 
the  Koor,  and  numerous  other  streams  of  less  note.  By 
means  of  a  canal  cut  near  Tver,  in  Russia,  between  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Volga  and  the  rivers  Tvertsa  and  Sohlina, 
water  communication  is  established  between  the  Caspian  and 
the  Baltic.  S.,  the  basin  of  the  sea  is  limited  by  the  El- 
brooz  Mountains ;  and  E.  the  sandy  wastes  send  to  it  only 
short  streams,  and  none  of  great  volume ;  though  on  this 
side  it  evidently  at  one  time  received  the  Amoo  Darya,  now 
flowing  into  the  Sea  of  Aral.  Indeed,  the  Caspian  and  Lake 
Aral  were  doubtless  at  one  period  united. 

The  notices  of  early  commerce  upon  or  by  way  of  the 
Caspian  are  few  and  uncertain,  but  communication  between 
Western  Europe  and  India  was  carried  on  partly  by  its 
waters  about  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

Caspii  Montes.    See  Elbrooz  Modntains. 

CasSf  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
fiangamon  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Illinois  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  the  county  is  prairie,  and  it  has  extensive  tracts 
of  woodland.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are 
ihe  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Springfield 
i<livision  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  by  the  Jack- 
sonville (fc  Southeastern,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy, 
-and  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroads.  Capital,  Virginia. 
i.f»op.  in  1870,  11,580;  in  1880,  14,493;  in  1890,  15,963. 
'  Cass,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
«n  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
^Wabash  River,  and  also  drained  by  Eel  River  and  Deer 
•Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  &c., 
»re  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash, 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis,  and  the 
Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroads,  all  of  which  pass 
^through  Logansport,  the  capital.  Quarries  of  building-stone 
have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,193; 
in  1880,  27,611;  in  1890,  31,152. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  aroa 
<of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nishnabatona 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Nodaway  and  by  Turkey 
KOreek.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
4lian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc 
Pacific  Railroad,  while  the  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  operates 
over  a  portion  of  its  eastern  section.  Capital,  Atlantic. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5464;  in  1880,  16,943;  in  1890,  19,645. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Michigan,  bordering 
on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  404  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  St.  Joseph  and  Dowagiac  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  oak 
openings,  and  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  sugar- 
maple,  oak,  &o.  The  forests  occupy  about  one-third  of  the 
-oounty.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  and,  in  its  extreme  S.W.,  by  the  Cincin- 
nati, Wabash  &  Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Cassopolis. 
Pop.  in  1870,  21,094;  in  1880,  22,009;  in  1890,  20,953. 

Cass,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Minne- 
•Bota.    The  Mississippi  River,  rising  on  the  N.W.  border  of 

e  county,  and  making  a  great  detour,  flowing  through 
Xaket  Cass  and  Winnibigodshish,  forms  its  boundary  on 
;he  N.,  the  N.E.,  and  the  S.E.  It  is  also  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Crow  Wing  River,  and  comprises  numerous  lakes, 
the  largest  of  which  is  Leech  Lake,  about  23  miles  long. 
Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief  products  of  this  county.  The 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  the  southern  border. 
Pop.  in  1870,  380 ;  in  1880,  486 ;  in  1890,  1247. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering  on 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  688  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Grand  River,  which  forms  part  of  its  southern 
'boundary,  by  the  Big  Creek,  and  several  of  its  other  afflu- 
•ents.  The  surface  (largely  prairie)  is  undulating;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  cattle,  and  hay 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal,  limestone,  and  sandstone  are 
found  here,  and  the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  black 
■walnut  timbers  abound.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Kansas  City,  F<drt  Scott  &  Memphis,  the  Kansas  City  <fc 
fioathern,  and  the  Missouri  Paomo  Railroad  systems,  all 


of  which  communicate  with  Harrisonville,  the  capital, 
while  the  Kansas  City,  Nevada  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad 
travels  its  western  portion  from  N.  to  S.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,296;  in  1880,  22,431;  in  1890,  23,301. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an  area 
of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Platte  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  which 
separates  it  from  Iowa,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Weeping 
Water  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  deep, 
calcareous,  and  fertile.  The  greater  portion  of  it  is  prairie. 
Groves  of  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees  occur 
near  the  rivers.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  soil.  Carboniferous  limestone  is 
abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Burling- 
ton &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Plattsmouth. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8151;  in  1880,  16,683;  in  1890,  24,080. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Dakota,  border- 
ing on  Minnesota,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Red  River 
of  the  North,  and  drained  by  Maple  River.  Area,  1764 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  and 
other  railroads.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Fargo.  Pop. 
in  1880,  8998;  in  1890,  19,613. 

Cass,  formerly  Davis,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Texas,  bordering  on  Arkansas,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River.  Area,  950  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Cotton  and  com  are  ita 
staple  products.  Capital,  Linden.  Pop.  in  1870,  8875 ; 
in  1880,  16,724;  in  1890,  22,554. 

Cass,  a  post-o£Sce  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.     Pop.  1283 

Cass,  township,  Dubois  co.,  Ind.     It  contains  Holland. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  819.  It 
contains  Newberry. 

Cass,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1214 

Cass,  a  township  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  772. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  460. 

Cass,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  from 
Sullivan  Railroad  Station.     Coal  is  found  here.    Pop.  1488. 

Cass,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  451. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  808. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1008.  It 
contains  Lewis. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  traversed  by  the 
Iowa  River.     Pop.  595. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1175. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1194,  ex- 
clusive of  Panora. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  538. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  256. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  775. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  116. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  787.  1\ 
includes  Chillicothe  and  Happy  Hollow,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  410. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1531 

Cass,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  592. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  779. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  759. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  851.  It 
contains  Adams's  Mills. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1274.  It 
contains  Shiloh. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  599^ 
exclusive  of  Cassville. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  4621.  It 
includes  Ileckscherville,  Glen  Carbon,  and  other  coal  towns. 

Cassaba,  two  towns  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Casaba. 

Cassadaga,  kas^sa-dah'ga,  the  name  of  a  small  lake 
and  a  creek  in  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.  The  lake  is  3  or  4 
miles  long.  The  creek  issues  from  the  lake,  runs  S.E.,  and 
enters  the  Concwango  Creek  5  miles  E.  of  Jamestown. 

Cassadaga,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  Cassadaga  Lake,  14  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese- factory,  2  basket-factories,  and  several 
mills  and  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Cassala,  or  Kasaia,  k&.s-s&'l2L,  a  town  of  Nubia, 
province  of  Taka,  on  the  Gash,  an  affluent  of  the  Atbara, 
300  miles  S.S.W.  of  Suakin,  at  the  junction  of  three  tele- 
graph lines.  It  has  a  trade  in  gum  arable,  hides,  and 
ivory,  and  is  peopled  by  Arabs.     Pop.  5000. 

Cassandra,  or  Kassandra,  k^-s&n'dr^  (anc.  PaU 
le'ne),  a  peninsula  of  European  Turkey,  province  of  Rou- 
melia,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Salonioa  and  Cassandra.  It 
is  25  miles  in  length,  terminating  in  Cape  Pailluri.  Ita 
greatest  breadth  is  about  12  miles. 

Cassandra,  or  Kassandra  (ano.  Torona'iou$  Sfnm*). 


CAS 


m 


CAS 


ft  gulf  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  in  Roumelia,  setting  up  between 
two  peninsulas,  the  extremities  of  which  are  called  Cape 
Pailluri  and  Cape  Drepano. 

Cassan'dra,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  W.  of  Hemlock. 

Cassandria*  Netherlands.    See  Cadsand. 

Cassano,  k&s-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  proTince  and  34 
miles  N.  of  Cosenza.  Pop.  9035.  It  stands  in  the  concave 
recess  of  a  steep  mountain,  around  a  rock  on  which  are  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  castle ;  it  is  well  built,  and  has  a  bishop, 
a  diocesan  school,  a  hospital,  and  some  mineral  springs.  Its 
inhabitants  manufacture  macaroni,  leather,  table-linens, 
yarn,  and  fabrics  of  cotton  and  silk. 

Cassano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  4594. 

Cassano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  1265. 

Cassano  Magnago,  k&s-s4'no  m&n-y&'go,  a  village 
of  Italy,  Lombardy,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2888. 

Cassano- sopra- Adda,  k&s-s&'no-so'pr&-&d'd&,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Milan, 
on  the  railway  to  Bresoia.  It  has  extensive  silk-works. 
Pop.  5363. 

Cassano  Spinola,  k&s-s&'no  spe-no'l&,  a  village  of 
Italy,  10  miles  S.  of  Tortona.     Pop.  1400. 

Cassaro,  kis-si'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles  W.  of 
Syracuse.     Pop.  1694. 

Cassay,  a  state  of  India.    See  Muneepoor. 

Cass  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Cass  River. 

Cass  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Bear 
Grove  township,  lOJ  miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic. 

Cass  City,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  on  or 
near  Cass  River,  about  40  miles  B.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture,  sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  813. 

Cass'coe,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Cassel,  or  Kassel,  k&s'sel  (anc.  Castel'lum  Oatto'rum), 
a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Hesse-Nassau, 
is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Fulda,  91  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Frankfort-on-the-Main.  It  is  divided  into  the  Altstadt  or 
Old  Town,  the  Ober  Neustadt  or  Upper  New  Town,  the 
Unter  Neustadt  or  Lower  New  Town,  with  the  Wilhelms- 
hohe  and  Frankfort  suburbs  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river, 
and  the  Leipsic  suburb  on  the  right  bank.  The  two  por- 
tions of  the  town  are  connected  by  a  stone  bridge  across  the 
Fulda.  The  Old  Town  stands  close  to  the  river-banks,  and 
consists  of  narrow  and  dirty  streets;  while  the  new  part, 
built  upon  an  elevation,  is  airy,  with  spacious  streets  and 
handsome  houses. 

The  Upper  New  Town  contains  a  number  of  squares,  in 
the  principal  of  which,  the  Friedrich's  Platz,  stands  the 
palace,  an  indififerent  structure,  and  next  to  it  the  museum, 
the  handsomest  building  in  the  town,  containing  a  library 
with  120,000  volumes  and  many  valuable  MSS.  In  the 
same  edifice  is  a  collection  of  antiquities,  many  of  them 
rare  objects  of  art  and  virtii,  including  some  interesting 
Roman  remains,  coins,  prints,  and  models.  Cassel  has  a 
picture-gallery  of  great  value. 

In  the  Old  Town  are  the  old  town  hall,  the  government 
buildings,  the  Stadtau,  appropriated  to  public  amusements ; 
St.  Martin's  church,  with  the  catacombs  beneath  it,  in  which 
the  remains  of  the  sovereigns  of  Hesse-Cassel  are  deposited  ; 
an  orphan  hospital  and  asylum,  an  arsenal  and  foundry,  and 
a  house  of  correction.  In  the  Upper  New  Town  there  are, 
besides  the  buildings  spoken  of  above,  the  mint,  a  cadet 
academy,  a  lyceum,  a  normal  and  civic  school,  a  theatre,  a 
hospital,  and  an  infirmary.  The  Lower  New  Town  con- 
tains an  ancient  fortress,  now  used  as  a  state  prison ;  an 
»rphan  asylum,  an  infirmary,  a  lying-in  hospital,  house  of 
iorrection,  and  common  prison.  In  the  Leipsic  suburb  are 
a  hospital  and  an  infirmary;  in  the  Frankfort  suburb,  a 
house  of  industry ;  and  in  the  "Wilhelmshohe  suburb,  a  large 
hospital.     Near  the  town  is  the  palace  of  Wilhelmshohe. 

Cassel  has  several  churches  (principally  Lutheran),  also 
academies  for  painting,  sculpture,  &o.,  an  observatory,  and 
associations  for  the  promotion  of  agriculture  and  manufac- 
tures. Its  trade  is  important.  Its  manufactures  com- 
prise cotton,  silk,  and  woollen  fabrics,  damask,  linen,  kid 
gloves,  carpets,  porcelain,  musical  instruments,  gold  and 
silver  lace,  earthenware,  lacquered  wares,  hardware,  leather, 
«ke.  There  are  many  fine  walks  and  public  gardens  in  the 
vicinity.  Cassel  was  the  capital  of  Hesse-Cassel  (Electoral 
Hesse)  until  1866,  when  that  state  was  absorbed  by  Prussia. 
Pop.  in  1875,  53,043;  in  1880,  58,290;  in  1890,  72,461. 

Cassel,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Castel. 

Cassel,  kis^sfil'  (anc.  Castel'lum),  a  town  of  France,  de- 


partment of  Nord,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4242.  It 
stands  on  an  isolated  hil),  550  feet  in  height,  which  com- 
mands an  extensive  view.  It  has  oil-mills,  salt-refineries, 
and  an  active  trade  in  cattle,  butter,  and  poultry. 

Cassel'lo,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Cas^sell's',  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  Presbyterian  church. 

Ca^'selman,  or  Castleman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Som- 
erset CO.,  Pa.,  11  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Somerset. 

Cas'selton,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Fargo.  It  has 
5  churches,  2  banks,  2  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  heaters,  cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  840. 

Cassen,  k&s-sdn',  or  Kassan,  k&s-s&n',  a  town  of 
East  Africa,  territory  of  Bertat,  a  country  lying  W.  of  the- 
S.W.  portion  of  Abyssinia,  on  the  Toomat. 

Cassenenil,  k&ss^nul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot  et 
Garonne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.    Pop.  1976. 

Cas'sia,  a  southern  county  of  Idaho,  bounded  on  the  N.^ 
by  the  Snake  River,  which  divides  it  from  Logan  co.  Area, 
4500  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  mountainous  and  watered 
by  the  Raft  River  and  the  Salmon,  Goose,  and  other  creeks. 
Capital  Albion.     Pop.  in  1880,  1312;  in  1890,  3143. 

Cassim  Pasha,  k&s'sim  p&^sh&',  a  large  suburb  of 
Constantinople,  European  Turkey,  on  the  northern  shor» 
of  the  "  Golden  Horn,"  separated  from  Galata  on  the  E. 
by  extensive  burying-grounds.  It  comprises  the  imperial 
dock-yard  of  Tershanna,  the  great  naval  arsenal  of  th& 
capital,  and  the  palace  of  the  capitan-pasha. 

Cassinasco,  k&s-se-n&s'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1151. 

Cassine,  k&s-see'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  by  rail: 
S.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  5030. 

Cas'sin's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Cas^sipoor',  Cas^sipore',  or  KashUpnr',  a  town 
of  the  Cawnpoor  district,  British  India.     Pop.  4663. 

Cassiquiare,  k&s-se-ke-i'ri,  or  Cassiquiari,  k&s- 
se-ke-i'ree,  a  deep  rapid  river  of  Venezuela,  forming  the  S.^ 
bifurcation  of  the  Orinoco,  by  which  that  river  has  naviga- 
ble communication  with  the  Rio  Negro.  It  leaves  the  Ori- 
noco in  lat.  3°  10'  N.,  Ion.  66°  20'  W.,  and,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  128  miles,  falls  into  the  Rio  Negro  near  San  Car- 
los. By  means  of  this  river  communication  is  established 
over  an  immense  tract  of  South  America,  it  being  practi- 
cable to  sail  from  the  interior  of  Brazil  to  the  sea,  through 
the  Amazon,  the  Orinoco,  and  their  affluents. 

Cassis,  k&s^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rhdne,  on  the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  (29  miles  by  rail) 
S.E.  of  Marseilles.  It  has  a  harbor,  defended  by  an  ancient 
castle,  ship-building  yards,  a  trade  in  fruits  and  wine,  and 
a  coral-fishery.     Pop.  2976. 

Cassiterides.    See  Scillt  Islands. 

Cass  Lake,  Michigan,  is  in  Oakland  co.,  1  or  2  mile» 
S.W.  of  Pontiac.     It  is  nearly  4  miles  long. 

Cass  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  on  the  N.  border  of  Cass  co., 
and  is  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  River,  which  issues 
from  the  N.E.  part  of  it.  The  lake  has  a  roundish  form,, 
and  its  diameter  is  about  16  miles. 

Cassner,  Illinois.    See  Casner  Station. 

Cassolnovo,  kis-sol-no'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  10^  miles 
S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  5430. 

Cassop'olis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  Diamond  Lake,  and  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  A 
Lake  Huron  Railroad,  107  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Niles,  and  98  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  planing-mill, 
a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  sasn,  blinds,  Ac. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  1369. 

Cass  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Sanilac  co.,  and  runs 
southwestward  through  Tuscola  co.  Flowing  thence  nearly 
westward,  it  enters  the  Saginaw  River  4  or  5  miles  above 
the  city  of  Saginaw.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and 
traverses  forests,  in  which  much  pine  lumber  is  procured. 

Cass  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Cass'town,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  4  miles  E. 
of  Troy,  and  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Piqua.  It  has  3  churches,^ 
a  carriage-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  241 . 

Cass'ville,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Ark. 

Cassville,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  7  mile* 
from  Cartersville,  and  2  miles  from  Cass  Station.  It  has  •'* 
churches  and  3  stores. 

Cassville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  59  miles  N.  of 
Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 


CAS 


817 


CAS 


Cassville,  a  station  in  Lake  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Columbus, 
Chicago  <fc  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  at  Le  Roy,  6  miles 
B.E.  of  Crown  Point. 

Cassville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  on 
Flat  C'eek,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  5 
ohurcb  organizations,  2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  a  high-school, 
•nd  2  newspaper  oflBces.     Pop.  626. 

CassTille^  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Jackson 
•township,  46  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cassville^  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Paris 
township,  on  Sauquoit  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Utica, 
and  i  mile  from  Richfield  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a 
<»aw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  152. 

Cassville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Harrison  co.,  0. 

Cassville,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  416. 

Cassville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cassville^  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Big 
Sandy  River,  opposite  Louisa,  Ky.,  and  30  miles  S.  of 
Huntington.     Here  is  Fort  Gay  Post-OflBce. 

Cassville,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  28  miles  above  Dubuque,  and  about  90 
m^es  W.S.W.  of  Madison.  Lead  and  other  products  are 
shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  high  school,  a  newspaper  ofSce,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber,  boots  and  shoes,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  886. 

Castagna,  k&s-t&n'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Teramo,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Civita,  di  Penne.     Pop.  1113. 

Castagnaro,  k^s-t&n-y&'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2780. 

Castagneto,  kis-td,n-y&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 

id  30  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2354. 

Castagneto,  a  village  of  Italy,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of 

isa,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2650. 

Castagnole,  kis-tin-yo'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 

'  Turin,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  2263. 

Castagnole,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessan- 
Hia,  18  miles  S.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2547. 
'Castagnole   delle    Lanze,   kis-tin-yo'li     dSl'li 
in'zi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessan- 
ria,  12  miles  S.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3668. 

Casta'Iia  (Gr.  Kao-roAta),  now  called  St.  John's 
'ountain,  a  famous  spring  near  Delphi,  and  at  the  foot 
r  Parnassus.  It  was  sacred  to  Apollo  and  the  nine  muses. 
'  Casta'Iia,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
loomfield  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
bnl  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  by  N.  from  McGregor.     It  has 

churches. 

Castalia,  a  post-village  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.,  in  Castalia 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  churches. 

Castalia,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Sandusky ;  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Casta'lian  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co., 
Tenn.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  several  mineral 
eprings,  stores,  and  schools. 

Castalio.    See  Castellon  de  la  Plana. 

Castalia,  kis-til'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Alicante,  on  the  river  Castalia.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Castambool,  or  Castambnl.    See  Kastahoonee. 

Casta'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  on  Maple 
River,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Onawa.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Castanares,  kis-ti-ni'res,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Burgos. 

Castanares  de  las  Cnevas,  kis-ti-ni'rfis  di  lis 
kwi'vis,  a  town  of  Spain,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Logrono. 

Castanares  de  Rioja,  kis-t&-n&'r£s  dk  re-o'H&,  a 
market  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  W.  of  Logrono. 

Castaneira,  kis-tin-yd'ee-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Estroraadura,  20  miles  N.  of  Lisbon,  on  the  Tagus.     P.  876. 

Castafieiro,  kis-tin-yi'ee-ro,  a  village  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  614. 

Castano,  kis-ti'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Milan.     Pop.  3513. 

Castasegna,  kis-ti-sin'yi,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
in  Grisons,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chiavenna.     Pop.  228. 

Casteggio,  kJ,s-t4d'jo  (ano.  Glastid'ium),  a  town  of 
Italy,  Piedmont,  5  J  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Voghera.  Pop. 
8220.  Here,  in  the  second  Punio  War,  Clastidium  surren- 
dered to  Hannibal,  and  near  the  town  is  a  remarkable 
spring  called  Hannibal's  Spring.  The  battle  of  Montebello, 
in  which  the  Prench  routed  the  Austrians,  June  9,  1800, 
was  fought  between  Casteggio  and  Voghera. 

Castel,  or  Kastel,  kis-tfil',  written  also  Cassel,  a 


town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  and  on  the  Taunus  Railway, 
opposite  Mentz.     Pop.  5246. 

Castel  Alto,  kis'tfil  41'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  6  miles  E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1124. 

Castel  -  a- Mare,  kis-til'-i-ml'ri,  or  Castella- 
mare  di  Stabia,  k&s-tdl'l&-m&'ri  dee  st&'bee-i,  a  city 
and  seaport  of  Italy,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Naples, 
and  17  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Naples.  Pop. 
18,305.  It  is  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  on  which  stood  the  an- 
cient Stabise,  near  which  Pliny  the  elder  met  his  death 
during  the  eruption  of  Vesuvius,  a.d.  79.  Castel-a-Mare 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  mineral  springs,  a  palace,  a  mili- 
tary hospital,  hotels  and  lodging-houses,  a  dock-yard,  and 
a  handsome  quay.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  silk,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  sail-cloth,  and  leather ;  and  its  small  harbor 
is  defended  by  forts.  Many  of  its  inhabitants  are  engaged 
in  the  coral-fishery. 

Castel-a-Mare,  kfl,s-tfil'-i-m4'r4,  a  seaport  of  Sicily, 
20  miles  E.  of  Trapani,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Castel- 
a-Mare.  Pop.  11,280.  It  exports  wine,  cotton,  fruit,  manna, 
and  sumach.   Near  it  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Segeata. 

Castel-a-Mare,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo, 
near  the  Adriatic,  12  miles  E.  of  Civiti  di  Penne.    P.  6358. 

Castel-a-Mare  della  Brnca,  kis-tSl'-i-mi'ri  dil'- 
14  broo'k4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Policastro. 

Castel-Aragonese,  Sardinia.    See  Castel-Sardo 

Castel- Arquato,k4s-tfil'  aR-kw4'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Parma,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Larda.  It 
contains  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  hospital,  cavalry  barracks, 
medical  and  other  schools,  and  an  ancient  castle.  Pop.  4266. 

Castel  Baldo,  k4s-t5r  bil'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2647. 

Castel  Belforte,  k4s-tSl'  bfil-foR'ta,  a  town  of  Italy, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2200. 

Castel  Bolognese,  k4s-tSl'  bo-16n-y4'84,  a  town  of 
Italy,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ravenna.     Pop.  2456. 

Castel  Bottacio,  k4s-t5l'  bot-t4'cho,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14i  miles  N.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1815. 

Castel  Buono,  k4s-tfil'  boo-o'no,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
near  Palermo,  in  the  Madonian  Mountains,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Cefalil.     Pop.  8306.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Castel  Clementine,  k4s-tfil'  kl5m-fin-tee'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  17  miles  E.  of  Camerino. 

Castel  Cucco,  k4s-tSl'  kook'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  1474. 

Castel  Culier,  k4sHfil'  kU^le-4',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Lot-et-Garonne,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Agen. 

Castel  d'Agogna,  k4s-t51'  d4-g6n'y4,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara. 

Castel  de  Franchi,  k4s-t8l'  di  frin'kee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Avellino,  on  the  Galore,  7i  miles  S.W.  of  Sant* 
Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  2689. 

Castel  Delfino,  k4s-tsr  dSl-fee'no  (Fr.  Chdteau  Dau- 
phin, sh4Ho'  do^fiN"')*  »  tow°  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  28  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Coni,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Viso.     Pop.  1350. 

Castel  dell'  Abate,  k48-t5rdfil-l4-b4'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Salerno,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Capaccio.    Pop.  4396. 

Castel  della  Pietra,  k4s-tfil'  ddl'li  pe-4'tr4,  a  town 
of  Italy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Roveredo,  on  the  Adige. 

Castel  del  Monte,  k4s-tfir  d5l  mon'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  19  miles  E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2179. 

Castel  del  Piano,  k4s-tfir  dSl  pe-4'no,  a  town  ol 
Italy,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  3150. 

Castel  del  Rio,  k4s-tfir  dJl  ree'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ravenna.     Pop.  2690. 

Castel  Dieri,  k4s-tfil'  de-i'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  23  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  1378. 

Castel  di  Rada,  Italy.    See  Rada-nel-Chianti. 

Castel  di  Sangro,  kis-tfil'  dees4n'gro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  53  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.  It  has  a  manufac- 
tory of  carpets.     Pop.  5118. 

Castel-Fabi,  k4s-tfil'-f4-bee',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  near  Ademuz. 

Castel  Fidardo,  k4s-tfil'  fee-dan'do,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  Marches,  11  miles  S.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  6338. 

Castel  Fiorentino,  k4s-tfil'  fe-o-rfin-tee'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Florence,  on  the 
Elsa.     Pop.  7227. 

Castel  Follit,  k4s-tfir  fol-yit',  a  town  of  Spain,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Gerona.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  was 
several  times  besieged  by  the  French  under  Louis  XFV. 

Castel-Forte,  kis-tSl'-foR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3212. 

Castel-Franc,  kis'tfil'  Mw,  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Lot,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  750. 

Castel-Franco,  k4s-t5l'-fr4n'ko  (ano.  Fo'rum  Oallo'' 


CAS 


818 


OAS 


rum),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.,  with  commune,  12,460. 

Castel-Franco,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  W.  of  Treviso,  on  the  Musone.  Pop.  10,607. 
Principal  buildings,  a  castle  and  a  cathedral.  It  has  silk 
and  woollen  manufactures. 

Castel-Franco,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  2500. 

Castel-Franco  di  Sotto,  kis-tfil'-frin'ko  dee  sot'to, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Florence,  on 
the  Arno.     Pop.  4299. 

Castel-Gandolfo,  kis-t51'-gS,n-dol'fo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Mount  Albano,  14  miles  S.E.  of 
Home.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a  volcanic  peak, 
431  feet  above  the  lake,  and  comprises  among  its  numerous 
villas  the  summer  residence  of  the  Pope.     Pop.  1916. 

Castel-Goffredo,  k4s-t51'-gof-fr4'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Lombardy,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  4063.  It  has 
a  hospital  and  manufactures  of  silk. 

Castel-Gomberto,  kis-tSl'-gom-bfiR'to,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2772. 

Castelgrande^  kS,s-tdl'grd,n'd&,  a  town  of  Italy,  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3377. 

Castelguelfo,  k&s-tfil'goo-fll'fo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.  It  nas  a 
fine  castle,  taken  in  1407  by  a  Guelph  captain. 

Castel-Gugiielmo,  k&s-t£l'-gool-ydl'mo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  3012. 

Castel-Jaloux,  k&sHdl'-zh&Uoo',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the  Avance,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  N6rac.  Pop.  3182.  It  has  iron-  and  copper-forges, 
and  manufactures  of  paper,  glass,  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Castell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Llano  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Llano 
River,  about  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin.    It  has  a  church. 

Castellabate.    See  Castel  dell'  Abate. 

Castellamare,  Italy.    See  Castel-a-Mare. 

Castellamonte,  kis-tSl'li-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Ivrea.  It  has  a  castle,  a  large  market-place, 
and  manufactures  of  eai-thenware.     Pop.  5997. 

Castellana,  kis-tdl-l&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  8716. 

Castellaneta,  k&8-tSl-l&-n&'t&,  a  town  of  Italy,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Taranto.  Pop.  8358.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  charitable  establishments. 

Castellane,  k&sHdriin',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  on  the  Verdon,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1842. 

Castellaro,  kis-tfil-li'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, province  of  Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  932. 

Castellaro  Lagusello,  k&s-tdl-l&'ro  l&-goo-s&l'lo,  a 
town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mantua. 

Castellarquato,  Italy.    See  Castel-Arquato. 

Castel-Lastna,  kis-tfil'-lis-too'i,  a  village  of  Dal- 
matia,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro,  on  the  Adriatic. 

Castellazzo,  k&s-tdl-l&t'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  6049. 

Castel-Leone,  kis-tSr-14-o'nd,,  a  village  of  Italy,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  6795. 

Castelletto  al  Po,  k&s-til-lSt'to  &1  po,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Pavia.     Pop.  546. 

Castelletto  d'Orba,  k&s-t£l-ldt'to  doR'b&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Novi.     Pop.  934. 

Castelletto  Merli,  kis-tfll-lfit'to  mjR'lee,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1631. 

Castelletto  Scazzoso,  k&s-til-ldt'to  sk&t-so'so,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1717. 

Castelletto  sopra  Ticino,  k&s-tfil-15t'to  so'pri  te- 
chee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  N.  of  Novara,  on  the 
Ticino.     Pop.  4367. 

Castelletto  Stnra,  kis-tfil-14t'to  stoo'ri,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  6  miles  E.  of  Coni.     Pop.  1100. 

Castellina,  kis-tSl-lee'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  2138. 

Castellina,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sienna. 
Pop.,  with  commune,  3910. 

Castellio,  an  ancient  town  of  France.   See  ChItillon. 

Castell-LIubi,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Llubi. 

Castel-Llychwr,  kis'tfil  thliK'oor,  written  also  LIou- 
ghor,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  6i  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Swansea.     Pop.  765. 

Castello,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Citta  di  Castello. 

Castello  Branco,  kis-tfil'lo  brin'ko,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Beira,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Coimbra.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  5579. 

Castello  d'Aci,  k4s-t§rio  dl'chee,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
province  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Catania,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean. 

Castello  della   Baronia,  k&s-tSl'lo  dSl'li  bi-ro- 


nee'S,,  or  Baronia;  bi-ro-nee'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  pror« 
ince  of  Avellino,  lOJ  miles  S.E.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  1685. 

Castello  de  Vide,  kis-tfil'lo  dA  vee'di,  a  village  of 
Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  11  miles  N.  of  Portalegre.  Pop. 
5279.  It  is  walled,  and  has  a  castle,  several  churches,  aod 
a  manufactory  of  woollen  cloths. 

Castello  di  Quatro,  kis-tSl'lo  dee  kwi'tro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  4  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Florence. 
It  has  a  summer  palace,  with  extensive  gardens  and  parks. 

Castello  di  San  Cataldo,  kis-tSl'lo  dee  sin  k&-tM'- 
do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lecce. 

Castello  Melhor,ka,s-tSriom51-y5R',  a  village  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Beira,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Douro,  5 
miles  N.  of  Castel-Rodrigo. 

Castellon  de  Ampurias,  k&s-tdl-yon'  dk  &m-poo'- 
re-is,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gerona,  on  the 
Muga.     Pop.  3000. 

Castellon  de  la  Plana,  k^-t£l-yon'  dk  1&  pl&'n&,  a 
province  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  bounded  N.  by  the  prov- 
inces of  Teruel  and  Tarragona,  E.  by  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  S.  by  Valencia,  and  W.  by  Teruel.  Area,  3049  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1887,  292,437. 

Castellon  de  la  Plana  (anc.  Oaatalio  t),  a  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  above,  40  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Va- 
lencia, and  4  miles  from  the  sea,  in  an  extensive  and  fertile 
plain,  irrigated  by  the  Mijares,  whose  waters,  through  an 
ancient  aqueduct  cut  through  solid  rock,  are  conveyed  5 
miles  into  the  town.  The  houses  are  in  general  well  built 
and  commodious,  and  the  streets  wide,  straight,  clean,  and, 
though  unpaved,  many  of  the  more  important  have  good 
footpaths.     It  has  9  squares,  a  church  wherein  are  good 

Eaintings,  statues,  &q.,  Latin,  normal,  and  other  schools,  a 
ospital,  theatre,  barracks,  orphan  asylum,  bull-ring,  2 
prisons,  several  convents,  <fco.  The  manufactures  are  linen, 
woollen,  and  hempen  fabrics,  sail-cloth,  ropes,  paper,  soap, 
glass,  earthenware,  fire-arms,  brandy,  wine,  oil,  kc.  Much 
attention  is  paid  to  the  rearing  of  silk-worms.  The  im- 
ports comprise  sugar,  cofi'ee,  alcohol,  cotton,  hides,  vinegar, 
and  salt  fish,  and  the  exports  are  hemp,  grain,  fruits,  and 
manufactured  goods.  The  vessels  frequenting  the  port  are 
numerous,  but  small,  and  the  anchorage  is  but  indifferent. 
Castellon  was  taken  from  the  Saracens  in  1233  by  James  I. 
of  Aragon.     Pop.  21,929. 

Castellone,  k&s-tdl-lo'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Appian  Way,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Gaeta,  6^  miles  N.E.  of 
Gaeta.     Pop.  978. 

Castellote,  k^-til-yo'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  55  miles 
N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1520. 

Castellucchio,  kis-t£l-look'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
7i  miles  W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4040. 

Castelluccia,  k&s-tdl-loot'oh&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2980. 

Castelluccio,  kis-tfil-loot'cho,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Sora.     Pop.  1610. 

Castelluccio  Aqua  Borrana,  k&s-t«l-loot'cho&'kw& 
boR-Ri'nS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Campobasso,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Monte  della  Sibilla,  476S 
feet  high,  the  loftiest  village  in  the  Apennines.     Pop.  2831. 

Castelluccio  Inferiore,  kis-tSl-loot'cho  in-fi-re- 
o'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  3161. 

Castelluccio  Superiore,  kis-t4l-loot'cho  soo-pi-re- 
o'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  Basilicata,  immediately  N.W.  of  Cas- 
telluccio Inferiore.     Pop.  3153. 

Castellum  Cattornm,  the  ancient  name  of  Cassel. 

Castellum  Pucinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Duino. 

Castellum  Vetus,  the  Latin  for  Castelvetere. 

Castel-Madama,  kis-tSl'-mi-di'mi,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  E.N.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  2716. 

Castel -Maggiore,  kas-t4l'-mid-jo'ri,atownof  Italy, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  4083. 

Castelmary,  kisHfirmi^ree',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Aveyron,  31  miles  from  Rodez.     Pop.  1088. 

Castelmoron,  kis^tSrmo^riNo',  a  town  of  France,  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  on  the  Lot,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Marmande.   P.  875. 

Castelnau,  kisUfiPno',  a  fortress  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Gard,  8  miles  S.  of  UzSs. 

Castelnaudary,  k3,sHSrnoM3,^ree'  (anc.  Sostom'agut), 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  Aude,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carcassonne.  Pop.  9584.  It  stands 
on  an  eminence,  and  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre. 
To  the  S.  the  Canal  du  Midi  forms  a  basin,  surrounded  by 
quays,  warehouses,  and  yards  for  building  vessels.  It  haa 
many  windmills,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk 
fabrics,  cotton  twist,  and  crockery.  It  was  founded  by  the 
Visigoths,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Sostomagtia,  under  th« 
name  of  Caatrum  Novum  Arianorum,  of  which  its  orosou^ 
name  is  a  corruption. 


CAS 


819 


OAS 


Castelnau  de  Brassac*  k&sH^rno'  d^h  br&'s&k',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Alby.    Pop.  4192. 

Castelnau  de  M6doc,  klsUfil^no'  d§h  miMok',  a 
town  of  France,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1645. 

Castelnau  de  Montmirail,  k&s^t^rno'  d^b  mby^- 
meVil'.  a  town  of  France,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Alby.  Pop.  2569. 

Castelnau  Magnoac,  kis'tSrno'  min^yo-3,k',  a  town 
of  France,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1581. 

Castelnau  Montratier,  kisHiPno'  m6M<>Hr&He-&',  a 
town  of  France,  12i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  4027. 

Castelnau  Riviere  Basse^  kS.BH£rno'  reeVe-aiR' 
bias',  a  town  of  France,  25  miles  N.W  of  Tarbes.   Pop.  1141. 

Castelnovo,  k8,s-t51-no'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Verona.     Pop.  3381. 

Castelnovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta. 

Castelnuovo,  kis-tfirnoo-o'vo,  a  seaport  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  in  Dalmatia,  11  miles  W.  of  Cattaro.  It  is  com- 
manded by  two  forts  and  defended  by  a  citadel.     Pop.  6105. 

Castelnuovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Cbieti.     Pop.  3333. 

CastelnuoTO  Bocca  d'Adda,  kis-tirnoo-o'vo  bok'- 
k&  did'di,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Lodi.     Pop.  2157. 

Castelnuovo  d'Asti,  kS,s-tirnoo-o'vo  d3,s'tee,a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3303. 

Castelnuovo  dei  3Ionti,  k&s-tfirnoo-o'vo  dk'e  mon'- 
tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Modena,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reggio. 
Pop.  5792. 

Castelnuovo  della  Dannia,  k3,s-tdrnoo-o'vo  ddl'- 
1&  dCw'nee-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  24  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Foggia.     Pop.  3312. 
H      Castelnuovo  di  Ceva,  kis-tSrnoo-o'vo  dee  ohi'vi, 

■  K»wn  of  Italy,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  442. 
HVCastelnuovo  di  Garfagnana,  k&s-t^rnoo-o'vo  dee 
H  Hn-fdn-y&'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  tbe  Serchio,  43  miles 

■  ■ft.  of  Modena.     Pop.  4S41. 
IlKCastelnuovo  di  Magra,  k^-tiPnoo-o'vo  dee  mS,'- 

gri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  11  miles  E.  of  La 
Spezia,  in  the  valley  of  the  Magra.     Pop.  2852. 

Castelnuovo  di  Sotto,  k&s-tirnoo-o'vo  dee  sot'to,  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  on  the  Canal  of  Castelnuovo,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  5961. 

Castelnuovo  di  Yal-di-Cecina,  kis-tfirnoo-o'vo 
dee  vil-dee-ohi-chee'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pisa, 
13i  miles  S.  of  Volterra.     Pop.  1319. 

Castelnuovo  Scrivia,  kS,s-t5rnoo-o'vo  skree've-i,  a 
town  of  Italy,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  6920. 

Castelorizo,  k&s-tdl-lo-reed'zo,  or  Castel-Kosso, 
kis-t§l'-ros'so,  also  written  Kasteloryzo,  a  small  island 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Patara.  Lat. 
36°  7'  30"  N.;  Ion.  29°  40'  E. 

Castel-Pagano,  kis-tfil'-pi-gi'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2801. 

Castel-Petroso,  kis-til'-pi-tro'so,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  20  miles  W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2655. 

Castel-Rodrigo,  kas-tSl'-ro-dree'go,  a  small  fortified 
town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  near  the  Spanish  fron- 
tier, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  464. 

Castel-Rosso,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Karysto. 

Castel -Rosso,  Asia  Minor.     See  Castelorizo. 

Castel-Rotto,  kis-tSrrot'to,  or  Castelruth,  kls*- 
t4l-root',  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Botzen,  on  a  mountain  near  the  Eisach.     Pop.  1037. 

Castel-Sagrat,  kasHSl'-s&^gri',  a  town  of  France, 
23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1337. 

Castel  San  Giorgio,  s&n  joR'jo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  San  Severino. 
Pop.  4696. 

Castel  San  Niccol5,83,n  neek-ko-lo',  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  5445. 

Castel  San  Pietro,  sin  pee-i'tro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bologna.    Pop.  12,330. 

Castel- Saraceno,  kis-tSl'-si-ri-ohi'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  33  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  1344. 

Castel- Sardo,  kis-tfll'-sau'do,  formerly  Castel- 
Aragonese,  kis-tfil'-a-ri-go-ni'si,  a  fortified  seaport  of 
Sardinia,  on  its  N.  coast,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari.  It  stands 
on  a  nearly  isolated  rock,  and  has  a  harbor.     Pop.  1931. 

Castel- Sarrasin,  kisHSl'-saR^Ri's&No',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  near  the  Garonne,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Montauban.  Pop.  6835.  It  was  formerly  forti- 
fied, and  has  manufactures  of  serge  and  worsted  stockings, 
and  an  active  trade  in  corn  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

Castel-Termini,  kis'-tSl'-tfiR'me-ne  (anc.  Oatnicia'nm 
A'qux  /),  a  town  of  Sicily,  16  miles  N.  of  Girgenti.  It  has 
extensive  mines  of  sulphur  and  rook  salt.     Pop.  8918. 


Castelvetere,  kis-tirvfit'i-ri  (L.  Caatel'lum  Ve'tut, 
i.e.,  "old  castle;"  ano.  Cau'lon  and  Caulo'nia),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Calabria,  near  the  Mediterranean,  47  miles  N.E. 
of  Reggio.     It  has  a  castle  and  5  churches.     Pop.  7270. 

Castelvetere,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  4248, 

Castelvetere,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  10 
miles  W.  of  Sant'  Angelo.     Pop.  2629. 

Castelvetrano,  k3,s-tdrv^-tr&'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  20,420. 

Castenedolo,  k&s-t&-n&-do'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Milan,  6i  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3651. 

Cast^ra-Lectourois,  k&s^tiL^r&'-Idk^tooRV&,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Gers,  2i  miles  N.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  765. 

Cast^ra-Verduzan,  kfts'ti^ri'-vfiR^dii^zfiuo',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Gers,  23  miles  N.  of  Auch.  It  possessea 
sulphur  and  chalybeate  springs.     Pop.  1080. 

Castets,  k&sH^',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Garonne,  9  miles  N.  of  Bazas.     Pop.  1320. 

Castets,  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  12  miles  N.N.W 
of  Dax.     Pop.  2081. 

Castiglia,  the  Italian  for  Castile. 

Castiglione,  kis-teel-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  Hi  miles  S.E.  of  Lodi,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  3679. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Lucoa. 
Pop.  3626. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4)  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1318. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  10  miles  W 
of  Nicastro.     Pop.  1208. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Catania.     Pop.  8654.     It  is  famed  for  its  filberts. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  22  miles  W. 
of  Perugia,  on  the  Lake  of  Perugia.     Pop.  9380. 

Castiglione  (anc.  Oahii),  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  about  12  miles  E.  of  Rome.  It  has  interesting  remains 
of  antiquity. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Massa-e- 
Carrara,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  3526. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  25  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  4383. 

Castiglione  dei  Gati,  k&s-teel-yo'ni  di,'ee  g&'tee,  a 
town  of  Italy,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  2000. 

Castiglione  della  Pescaia,  ki.s-teel-yo'n&  d£ri& 
pSs-ki'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  W.  of  Grosseto,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Castiglione.   P.  1911. 

Castiglione  della  Stiviere,  k&s-teel-yo'ni  ddl'li 
ste-ve-i'ri,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Mantua. 
Pop.  5237.  It  is  noted  for  the  decisive  victory  gained  here 
by  the  French  over  the  Austrians  in  1796. 

Castiglione  d'Orcia,  kis-teel-yo'ni  doR-chee'i,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sienna,  on  the  Orcia,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Monte-Alcino.     Pop.  2276. 

Castiglione  Fiorentino,  kis-teel-yo'ni  fe-o-rfin- 
tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Arezzo. 
Pop.  12,935.     It  has  a  Piarist  college  and  orphan  asylum. 

Castiglione  (kis-teel-yo'nS,),  Lake  of,  a  lagoon  of 
Italy,  province  of  Sienna,  N.  of  Grosseto,  about  10  miles 
in  length  by  from  1  to  3  miles  in  breadth.  It  was  formerly 
much  larger,  but  a  great  part  of  it  has  been  drained.  It 
receives  the  Bruna  and  other  small  rivers,  and  disembogues 
into  the  Mediterranean  by  a  short  channel  close  to  Cas- 
tiglione della  Pescaia.  It  affords  abundance  of  fish ;  but  its 
banks  are  very  unhealthy  and  mostly  depopulated. 

Castiglione  Messer  Marino,  k&s-teel-yo'n&  mds- 
siR'  mi-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  4056. 

Castiglione  Messer  Raimondo,  k&s-teel-yo'ni 
mSs-siR'  rl-mon'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3572. 

Castilblanco,  k&s-teel-bl&n'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logrosan.  Pop.  2023. 
Castilblanco  is  the  name  of  several  other  places  in  Spain. 

Castile,  kis-teel'  (Sp.  Caatilla,  kis-teel'yij  Fr.  Caa- 
tille,  kisHeel'  j  Ger.  Castilien,  k&s-tee'le-^n ;  It.  Castiglia, 
kls-teel'yS,),  a  former  kingdom  of  Spain,  occupying  the 
great  central  table-land  of  the  peninsula,  composed  chiefly 
of  tertiary  formation,  and  elevated  2300  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  In  the  tenth  century  this  region  was  a  country 
of  which  Burgos  was  the  capital ;  at  the  commencement  of 
the  eleventh  century  it  was  erected  into  a  kingdom,  and 
was  successively  extended  by  the  addition  of  the  kingdoms 
of  Leon,  Estremadura,  and  Andalusia.  The  marriage  of 
Ferdinand,  King  of  Aragon,  with  Isabella  of  Castile,  in 
1474,  united  under  one  sceptre  all  the  Christian  states  of 
Spain,  and  the  conquest  of  Granada,  in  1492,  led  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  kingdom  of  Spain.     From  the  great  ini- 


CAS 


820 


OAS 


portanoe  of  Castile,  as  the  centre  of  the  kingdom,  the  name 
of  Castilian  is  often  used  to  indicate  Spaniards  in  general. 

See  New  Castile  and  Old  Castile. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Castilian,  kis-til'yan  (Sp.  Castillano.  kis-teel-y&'no). 

Castile^  a  post- village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Castile 
township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  57  miles  E.S.E,  of  Buf- 
falo, and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union 
school,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.  Pop.  712.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Genesee  River,  which  here  flows  between 
eteep  banks  about  300  feet  high.    Pop.  2277. 

Castilla,  Castille,  and  Castilien.    See  Castile. 

Castilla  la  Nueva,  the  Spanish  for  New  Castile. 

Castilla  la  Vieja,  the  Spanish  for  Old  Castile. 

Castillian  (kas-til'yan)  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of 
Holmes  co..  Miss.,  3  miles  from  Durant  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  mineral  springs  containing  alum  and 
sulphates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  potash. 

Castillo,  kis-teel'yo,  an  islet  of  the  Grenadine  group, 
British  West  Indies,  about  lat.  12°  48'  N.,  Ion.  61°  30'  W. 

Castillo  de  Garci-Mnnoz,  k&s-teel'yo  di,  gaR'- 
the-moon-yoth',  a  town  of  New  Castile,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cuenca.     Pop.  1123. 

Castillo  de  las  Guardas,  kis-teel'yo  dk  lis  gwan'- 
dis,  a  town  of  Andalusia,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.    P.  1719. 

Castillo  de  Locubin,  kis-teel'yo  di  lo-koo-been', 
a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3971. 

Castillon,  k48Hee*y6ir»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari^ge, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  St.-Girons,  on  the  Lez.     Pop.  1054. 

Castillon,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Gironde, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dordogne,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Bordeaux.  It  has  manufactures  of  nails,  cords,  cottons, 
and  woollens.     Pop.  3597. 

Castillon^s,  kisHee^yo^ni',  a  town  of  France,  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.    P.  1279. 

Castine,  kas-teen',  a  post-village,  summer  resort,  and 
port  of  entry  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in  Castine  township, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  33  miles  below 
Bangor,  and  12  miles  by  water  E.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a 
good  harbor  for  large  ships,  and  a  line-  and  twine-factory. 
Here  is  the  Eastern  State  Normal  School.  Castine  has  3 
churches  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  of  township,  1303. 

Castine,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  tannery.     Pop.  177. 

Castione,  kis-te-o'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1146. 

Castione,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  province 
and  4  miles  W.  of  Sondrio.     Pop.  1388. 

Castle,  kas's^l,  a  post-town  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  mines  of  silver,  lead,  and 
copper.     Pop.  383. 

Castlebar,  kas^s^I-bar',  or  Ag'Iish,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the  Castlebar  River,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Westport.  It  stands  on  a  plain  of  bog 
and  pasture,  and,  excepting  its  main  street  and  a  square,  it 
is  ill  built  and  paved.  Principal  edifices,  the  parish  church, 
the  castle,  a  handsome  Catholic  chapel,  the  court-house,  a 
linen-hall,  and  barracks.  It  has  some  breweries,  and  a  trade 
in  linens  and  rural  produce.  It  was  taken  in  1798  by  the 
French,  who  subsequently  abandoned  the  place  on  the  ap- 
proach of  Lord  Cornwallis.     Pop.  3508. 

CasHlebar',  or  Ting'wick,  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Quebec,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.     Pop.  150. 

Cas'tle-Bel'lingham,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Louth,  4i  miles  N.  of  Dunleer.     Pop.  537. 

Castleberry,  kas's§l-b5r-re,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad, 
89  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Cas'tle-Blake'ney,  or  KiPlaso'lan,  a  village  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Tuam. 

Castle-BIayney,  kas's^l-bli'nee,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
00.  of  Monaghan,  15  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dundalk,  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  Lough  Blayney.     Pop.  1809. 

Cas'tle-Ca'rey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Yeovil.     Pop.  of  parish,  2021. 

Cas'tle-Ca'ry,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
9  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Falkirk.  It  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  ancient  Coria  Damniorum. 

Cas'tle-Combe,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Chippenham. 

Cas'tle-Co'mer,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  1321. 

Cas'tle-Con'nel,  or  Stradbal'ly,  atown  of  Ireland, 
00.  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Limerick,  on  the  Shannon. 

Castle  Craig,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Rustbnrg.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.150. 


Castle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Chenango  township,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  <fec. 

Castle-Der'mot,  or  TrisHleder'mot,  a  town  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Lear,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Carlow.  It  has  numerous  antiquities.  It  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  the  kings  of  Leinster.     Pop.  727. 

Castle-Donglas,  kas's?l-dug'las,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Kirkcudbright.  It  is  well  built 
Its  original  name  was  Carlinwark.     Pop.  2274. 

Cas'tle-E'den,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Durham.     Pop.  of  parish,  693. 

Castle  Fin,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Chance- 
ford  township,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  31  miles  S.E. 
of  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  iron-forge. 

CasHle-Finn',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 
the  Finn,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Liflford.     Pop.  382. 

Cas'tleford,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, at  an  important  railway  junction,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Wakefield.     Pop.  6268. 

Castleford,  Ontario.    See  Bonnechere  Point. 

Cas'tle-Greg'ory,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
on  Tralee  Bay,  12  miles  W.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  561. 

Castle  Grove,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jones  co., 
Iowa,  in  Castle  Grove  township,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Ana- 
mosa.     Pop.  of  the  township,  707. 

Castle  Hayne,  bane,  a  post-office  of  New  Hanover 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  9  milea 
N.  of  Wilmington. 

Castle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Caribou.     Pop.  of  Castle  Hill  plantation,  237. 

Castle-Island,  an  islet  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of 
Cork,  in  Roaring- Water  Bay,  N.  of  Cape  Clear. 

Castle-Island,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  1767. 

Castle-Lyons,  kas's^l-li'pnz,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo. 
of  Cork,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Rathcormack.     Pop.  546. 

Castlemaine,  kas's^l-mane,  a  borough  in  Talbot  oo., 
Victoria,  Australia,  on  Forest  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad 
from  Melbourne  to  Echuca,  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne, 
in  a  mountainous  gold-region.  It  has  an  asylum  for  the 
poor,  a  hospital,  foundry,  and  several  banks.     Pop.  6935. 

Castleman  (kas's^l-man)  or  Cas'selman's  River, 
Pennsylvania,  drains  part  of  Somerset  co.,  runs  southwest- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Youghiogheny  River  at  Confluence 
Station.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Castleman's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ya., 
on  the  Shenandoah  River. 

CasHlemar'tyr,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  18  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Cork,  on  the  Maine.     Pop.  536. 

Cas'tlemore,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  from  Weston.     Pop.  200. 

Castle  Peak,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  stands  on  the  boundary  between  Mono  and  Tuolumne 
COS.,  12  miles  N.  of  Mount  Dana.  Its  altitude  is  about 
13,000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  about  38°  6'  N.  It 
is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  flr  and  pine. 

Castle  Peak,  Colorado,  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  14,115  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  39°  0'  30" 
N.;  Ion.  106°  38'  40"  W.     It  has  a  conical  summit. 

Cas'tle-Pol'lard,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  West- 
meath,  11  miles  N.  of  MuUingar.     Pop.  932. 

Castle-Rea,or  Castlereagh,kas^s?l-ri',  a  market- 
town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  16  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ros- 
common, on  the  Suck.     Pop.  1146. 

Castlereagh  (kas^sel-ri')  River,  of  Australia,  flows 
N.W.  and  joins  the  Darling  in  lat.  30°  S.,  Ion.  147°  20'  E. 

Castle-Ri'sing,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk, 
4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lynn-Regis.  It  has  the  remains  of  a 
castle,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Arundel.    Pop.  379. 

Castle  (kas's§l)  Rock,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Doug- 
las CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.  of  Denver.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  315. 

Castle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Castle  Rock  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  an 
elevator,  and  a  store.     Pop.  of  the  township,  746. 

Castle  Rock,  a  station  in  Summit  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  in  the  Echo  Canon,  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Evanston,  Wyoming.  It  takes  its  name  from  a  vast 
rock  which  is  thought  to  resemble  a  ruined  castle. 

Castle  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Cowlitz  River,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Kalama.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  5  saw-  and  2  shingle- 
mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  deposits  of  iron,  coal,  and 
gold  and  silver  ores.     Pop.  ia  1890,  681. 


CAS 


821 


CAS 


Castle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  oo..  Wis.,  12 
fliiles  S.E.  of  Boscobel,  and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.     Here  is  a  rock  250  feet  high. 

Castle  Shan'noii,apost-villageof  Alleghany  00.,  Pa., 
In  Baldwin  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Castle  Shannon 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  Meth- 
odist ciiu*j)-ground,  and  about  60  houses. 

Cas'tleton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  13 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Sheffield,  at  the  bottom  of  a  rugged  emi- 
nence, on  which  stands  the  ancient  Peak  Castle,  erected  by 
William  Peveril,  natural  son  of  the  Conqueror.  There  are 
many  remarkable  natural  curiosities  in  the  neighborhood, 
the  most  extraordinary  of  which  is  the  Peak  Cavern,  or 
Devil's  Cave,  consisting  of  a  series  of  subterraneous  cham- 
bers, which  can  be  explored  only  by  torchlight.  Pop.  678. 
Castleton,  kas'sQl-t9n,  a  post- village  of  Stark  co., 
m.,  in  Penn  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad,  1.33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  general  stores,  &a.     Pop.  about  250. 

Castleton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Law- 
rence township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Castleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  in  Cas- 
tleton  township,  on  the  Ninnesoah  River,  14  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Hutchinson.     Pop.  of  the  township,  448. 

Castietoii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  i  mile 
from  Rowlandsville  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 
Castleton,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.    See  Seneca  Castle. 
Castletoii,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank, 
mills  which  manufacture  printing-papers,  binders' -boards, 
wrapping-papers,  Ac,  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  connected  with 
Albany  by  several  lines  of  steamers.     Pop.  in  1890,  1127. 
Castleton,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  forms 
part  of  the  N.  side  of  Staten  Island.   It  contains  the  villages 
of  Tompkinsville,  New  Brighton,  Castleton  Corners,  &c., 
has  a  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  extensive  dye-works,  a  home 
for  the  children  of  mariners,  and  is  connected  by  ferries 
with  New  York  City.     Pop.  11,007. 

Castleton,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  is  on 
Castleton  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  11  miles  W,  of  Rut- 
land. It  is  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  railroad 
which  connect  it  with  Whitehall  and  other  towns  in  New 
York.  It  contains  a  state  normal  school,  5  churches,  the 
Castleton  Seminary,  and  a  national  bank.  Here  are  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  The  township 
comprises  the  village  of  Hydeville,  and  has  quarries  of 
marble  and  slate.     Total  pop.  3243. 

Castleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Culpepor. 

Castleton,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Colborne.  It  has  manufactures  of 
carriages,  shingles,  and  bricks,  and  several  mills.  Pop.  400. 
Castleton  Corners,  post-office,  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y. 
Castleton  River,  Vt.,  is  a  small  stream  which  runs 
westward  in  Rutland  co.,  and  enters  the  Poultney  River 
on  the  W.  boundary  of  the  state,  6  miles  W.  of  Castleton. 

Cas'tletown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  on 

Olrick  Bay,  near  the  N.  point  of  Great  Britain.     Pop.  911. 

Cas'tletown,  or  Cas'tletown    Bereha'ven,  a 

town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  on  the  W.  side  of  Bantry  Bay, 

opposite  Bear  Island,  18  miles  W.  of  Bantry.     Pop.  1002. 

Castletown  (Manx,  Bully  (or  Bally)  Caehtel),  the 
capital  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  in  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  Castletown  Bay.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
the  most  ancient  town  on  the  island.  In  the  centre  is  a 
large  square,  with  a  market-house ;  St.  Mary's  church  faces 
the  parade,  and  King  William's  College  is  in  the  vicinity. 
Castle  Rushen,  said  to  have  been  built  in  960,  and  once  the 
residence  of  royalty,  now  a  prison  and  barracks,  stands  on 
a  rock  in  the  centre  of  the  town.  Here  is  the  residence  of 
the  governor  of  the  island.     Pop.  2320. 

Castletown-Roche,  roch,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 

Cork,  on  the  Awbeg,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fermoy.     Pop.  801. 

CasHletowus'end,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 

on  the  W.  side  of  Castlehaven  Bay,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Skib- 

bereen.    Pop.  474. 

Cas'tle-Wel'lan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
&  miles  S.W.  of  Clogh.     Pop.  763. 

Cas'tlewood,  a  station  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Rail- 
road, in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Castlewood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamlin  co., 
6.D,,  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 


Cas'ton,  a  post- village  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, 39  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.    Pop.  100. 

Cas'tor,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton,  4 
miles  by  railway  W.  of  Peterborough.  Pop.  680.  Castor 
is  the  Durrthrivx  of  Antoninus. 

Cas'tor,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  111. 

Castor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.,  in  Fill> 
more  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Marquand. 

Castor,  a  township  of  Madison  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1000. 

Castor,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2786. 
It  contains  Bloomfield. 

Cas'tor,  an  island  of  Quebec,  at  the  N.W.  end  of  Lake 
St.  Peter,  which  is  an  expansion  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Castor,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Russell. 

Castor  Bayou,  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  rises  in  Jackson 
parish,  runs  in  a  general  southward  direction,  and  enten 
the  Dugdemona  River  on  the  boundary  between  the  parisheg 
of  Catahoula  and  Winn.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Casto'ria,  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.  Pop. 
1184.     It  contains  French  Camp. 

Cas'torland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Carthage. 

Castor  River,  Missouri,  drains  parts  of  the  cos.  of 
Bollinger,  Wayne,  and  Stoddard,  runs  mostly  southward 
and  southeastward  in  a  low,  level,  and  swampy  district, 
and  enters  a  large  lake  in  New  Madrid  co. 

Castor  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Catahoula 
parish,  La.,  on  Castor  Bayou,  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Monroe. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  medicinal  springs, 
which  are  much  frequented. 

Cas'torville,  a  hamlet  of  Stoddard  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Castor  River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Castra  Augustana.    See  Straubins. 

Castra  Csccilia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cacebbs. 

Castra  Corneliana.    See  Gellah. 

Castra  Regina,  an  ancient  name  of  Ratisbon. 

Castra  Viniana,  supposed  ancient  name  for  Baena. 

Castremonium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Castro. 

Castres,  kist'r,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Tarn, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Agout,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Alby.  Pop. 
21,357.  It  is  the  most  populous  town  in  the  department, 
and  is  an  important  railway  junction.  Though  generally 
ill  built,  it  has  some  good  edifices,  including  the  old  epis- 
copal palace,  now  the  town  hall,  a  public  library,  a  church 
with  works  of  art,  a  theatre,  barracks,  and  exchange.  It  ia 
the  seat  of  a  Protestant  consistory,  and  has  important  man- 
ufactures of  cassimeres,  military  clothing,  cotton  goods,  cop- 
per wares,  glue,  soap,  paper,  and  leather.  Coal,  iron,  lead, 
and  copper  are  mined  in  its  vicinity,  and  the  town  has  an 
active  trade  in  wool,  liqueurs,  and  confectionery. 

Castres,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  11  miles  S.E. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  739. 

Castri,  kis'tree,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Phocis,  occupy- 
ing a  portion  of  the  site  of  ancient  Delphi,  on  the  southern 
declivity  of  Mount  Parnassus,  7  miles  E.  of  Salona.  About 
250  yards  E.  is  the  famous  Castalian  Spring. 

Castricum,  a  village  of  Holland.    See  Eastrikum. 

Castries,  kisHree',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  1415. 

Castries,  k&sHree',  or  Fort  Castries,  a  town  and 
port  of  entry  of  the  British  West  Indies,  capital  of  the 
island  of  St.  Lucia,  on  its  W.  coast,  with  a  good  port  and 
extensive  commerce.     Pop.  4300. 

Castro,  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Otranto,  on  the  Adriatic.  It  has  an  old  castle,  a  harbor  for 
small  vessels,  and  some  export  trade. 

Castro  (anc.  Castremo'nium  ?),  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Viterbo. 

Castro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  9  miles  S. 
of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3684. 

Castro,  kis'tro  (anc.  Mityle'ne),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, capital  of  the  island  of  Mitylene,  on  its  E.  coast,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Smyrna.  It  extends  in  a  semicircle  around 
a  shallow  harbor,  and  has  a  large  castle,  several  churches, 
convents,  and  mosques.  In  its  suburbs  are  many  vestiges 
of  the  ancient  Mitylene.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  arch- 
bishop (Armenian  rite).     Pop.  6000. 

Castro,  Greece  and  Turkey.     See  Ahoro  and  Scio. 

Castro,  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo, 
W.  of  the  Serra  do  Mar,  and  85  miles  N.W.  of  Curitibo. 
Pop.  of  the  district,  8000, 

Castro,  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Chiloe,  at  the  head  of  a  fine  bay  of  the  same  name. 
Its  port  is  good,  and  it  carries  on  some  trade.     Pop.  405. 

Cas'tro,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Red  River.     Area,  900  square  miles. 


CAS 


822 


CAT 


Castro- Contrigo,  kis'tro-kon-tree'go,  a  town  of 
Spain,  40  miles  S,W.  of  Leon,  on  the  Eria.     Pop.  903. 

Castro  Daire,kis'tro  di'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Beira,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  3183. 

Castro  del  Rio,  kis'tro  dfil  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  16  miles  S.E.  by  S.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Gua- 
dajoz.  The  ancient  part  of  the  town  is  surrounded  by  a 
dilapidated  wall,  flanked  with  towers,  and  entered  by  one 
gate,  which  was  defended  by  an  Arab  castle,  now  ruinous. 
The  modern  portion  is  outside  the  walls.  Most  of  the  streets 
are  wide  and  regular,  lined  with  well-built  houses  and  hand- 
some public  edifices.  Its  parish  church  is  spacious,  has 
three  naves  and  a  lofty  tower,  and  here  are  two  colleges, 
several  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  prison,  store-house,  and  ceme- 
tery. It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  woollen,  and  hempen 
fabrics,  earthenware,  tiles,  bricks,  lime,  brandy,  wine,  and 
oil ;  and  a  trade  in  wheat,  cattle,  honey,  &c.     Pop.  8900. 

Castrogiovanni,  kis'tro-jo-vin'nee  (anc.  En'na),  a 
city  of  Sicily,  on  a  table-land  in  the  centre  of  the  island, 
4000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  13  miles  N.E,  of  Caltanisetta. 
Pop.  14,411.  Though  healthy,  well  supplied  with  water, 
and  in  a  fertile  tract,  it  is  in  decay,  and  its  chief  edifice  is 
a  feudal  fortress.  Enna  was  celebrated  in  antiquity  as  the 
birthplace  of  Ceres  and  the  site  of  her  most  famous  temple. 
About  5  miles  distant  is  the  Lake  of  Pergusa,  where  Pros- 
erpine, according  to  the  poets,  was  carried  off  by  Pluto. 

Castrojeriz,  kis'tro-Hi-reeth'  (ano.  Gastrum  Cmsariaf), 
a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  W.  of  Burgos.     Pop.  2124. 

Castro  JLaboreiro,  kis'tro  li-bo-ri'e-ro,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Minho,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Ponte-de-Lima,  on 
an  elevated  plateau  near  the  frontiers  of  Spain.  It  con- 
tains an  old  ruined  castle,  and,  owing  to  its  great  height, 
is  considered  the  coldest  place  in  Portugal.     Pop.  2092. 

Castro  Marim,  kis'tro  mi-reeN<»',  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Algarve,  in  the  S.E.  corner  of  the  kingdom,  on  the  Gua- 
diana,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Tavira.     Pop.  3573. 

Castronuovo,  kis'tro-noo-c'vo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25 
miles  N.  of  Girgenti.  Pop.  4313.  Near  it  are  quarries  of 
fine  marble. 

Castronuovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  34  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3050. 

Castropignano,  kis'tro-peen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3209. 

Castropol,  kis-tro-pol',  a  seaport  of  Spain,  province 
and  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oviedo,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Ribadeo,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  811. 

Castro-Reale,  kis'tro-ri-i'14,  a  city  of  Sicily,  on  the 
Castro,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Milazzo.     Pop.  7660. 

Cas'tro's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  San  Jos^. 

Castro-Urdiales,  kis'tro-ooR-de-i'lfis,  a  seaport  of 
Spain,  province  and  27  miles  E.  of  Santander,  on  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.  It  has  walls,  bastions,  and  an  old  castle  ;\  its 
harbor  is  safe,  and  it  has  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  3391. 

Castroverde,  kis'tro-vfiR'di,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  26  miles  S.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3400. 

Castrovillari,  kis'tro-vil-li'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Calabria,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cassano.  Pop.  9396.  In  its 
vicinity  the  cheese  called  cacio  cavallo  is  made. 

Cas'troville,  a  post-village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  is  2 
miles  from  the  Bay  of  Monterey,  and  on  the  Southern  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Salinas.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order 
post-office,  and  a  newspaper  oflice.     Pop.  436. 

Castroville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Medina  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Medina  River,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
haa  2  stone  churches,  a  convent,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  beer  and  wine.  Many  of  the  resi- 
dences are  built  of  stone,  which  is  quarried  here.   Pop.  615. 

Castro-Vireyna,  kis'tro-ve-ri'e-ni,  or  Castro- 
Virryna,  kis'tro-vecR-Ree'ni,  a  town  of  Peru,  depart- 
ment and  112  miles  S-W.  of  Ayacucho,  on  the  W.  slope  of 
the  Andes;  so  elevated  that  its  people  often  suffer  from  cold. 

Castrum  Angulare.    See  Anghiari. 

Castrum  Csesaris.    See  Castrojeriz. 

Castrum  de  Arcubus,  the  Latin  name  for  Lbs  Arcs. 

Castrum  de  Corcis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cuers. 

Castrum  Delfsilianum,  the  Latin  for  Delfzyx. 

Castrum  de  Modino.    See  Le  Muy. 

Castrum  Deusonis.    See  Duisburs. 

Castrum  Duni.    See  Dun-le-Roi. 

Ca&trum  Lauri.    See  Cortemaggiore. 

Castrum  Lucii,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Chalus. 

Castrum  Mutilum.    See  Modigliana. 

Castrum  Novum,  ancient  name  of  Iittlia. 
Castrum   Novum  Arianorum.    See  Castelnau- 

»ART 


Castrum  Thigemum.     See  ThiERs. 

Castua,  kis-too'i,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  on  the 
peninsula  of  Istria,  near  the  Gulf  of  Quamero,  34  mile? 
S.E.  of  Triest.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient  Liburnia, 
but  is  now  decayed.     Pop.  541. 

Castnera,  k3,s-too-i'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  68  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Badajos,  near  the  Guadaleja.  Pop.  6250. 
It  has  trade  in  fruit  and  wine. 

Casuentus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Basiento. 

Caswell,  kaz'wel,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  410 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Dan  River  and  several  small 
affluents  of  the  same.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  passes  through  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  county.  Capital,  Yancey ville.  Pop.  in  1870,. 
16,081;  in  1880,  17,825;  in  1890;  16,028. 

Caswell,atownshipof  New  Hanover  CO.,  N.C.   P.  1087. 

Caswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  about 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  several  churches. 

Catac,  the  ancient  name  of  Cuttack. 

Catahoula,  kat^a-Uoo'la,  a  parish  in  the  central  part 
of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1380  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Ouachita  River,  and  bounded  on  th» 
W.  by  Saline  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  or  undu- 
lating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Harrisonburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  8475 ;  in  1880, 
10,277  ;  in  1890,  12,002. 

Catahoula  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Catahoula  parish, 
and  is  about  15  miles  long. 

Catalauni,  or  Catalannum.  See  ChIlons-sur- 
Marne. 

Catali'na,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  on  the  N.W. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  60  miles 
N.N.W.  of  St.  John's.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with  a  light- 
house.    In  the  town  is  a  fine  Anglican  church.    Pop.  1300. 

Cat'aline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hemphill  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Canadian.    It  has  a  church.  Pop.  100. 

Catalonia,  kat-a-lo'ne-a  (Sp.  CataluRa,  k8,-t3,-loon'y& ; 
Fr.  Catalogue,  kiHiMon' ;  It.  Catalogna,  ki-ti-16n'yi ; 
Ger.  Catalonien,  k3,-t3,-lo'ne-§n),  a  former  province,  now  a 
captain-generalcy,  in  the  N.E.  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  An- 
dorra and  the  Pyrenees,  W.  by  Aragon,  S.  by  Valencia,  and 
E.  by  the  Mediterranean.  Length,  185  miles:  greatest 
breadth,  130  miles ;  but  the  breadth  diminishes  southward 
to  23  and  22  miles.  Area,  12,613  square  miles.  Its  capital 
is  Barcelona ;  it  is  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Barcelona, 
Tarragona,  Lerida,  and  Gerona.  It  is  extremely  mountain- 
ous, being  intersected  by  contreforts  of  the  Pyrenees,  which 
separate  it  into  numerous  small  valleys.  Near  its  centre, 
Monserrat,  remarkable  for  its  curious  form,  is  3919  feet 
in  elevation.  All  the  higher  mountains  of  Catalonia  are 
perpetually  covered  with  snow,  and  the  lower  hills  with 
wood.  The  valleys  are  verdant,  and  generally  watered  by 
a  rivulet.  The  coasts,  about  190  miles  in  extent,  are  bold 
and  rugged ;  the  surface  is  well  watered.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Ebro,  the  Llobregat,  and  the  Ter.  This  is  the  best  culti- 
vated portion  of  Spain;  every  variety  of  bread-corn  is 
raised.  Among  its  mineral  riches  are  copper,  zinc,  manga- 
nese, lead,  and  coal ;  there  are  salt-works  on  the  coast,  and 
a  salt-mine  at  Cardona.  The  manufacturing  industry  of 
this  district  has  long  been  famous,  and  is  still  the  most  im- 
portant in  the  kingdom.  The  principal  articles  produced 
are  woollens,  cotton,  silk,  and  leather,  paper,  cordage,  and 
fire-arms.  The  Catalans  speak  a  peculiar  language,  distinct 
from  the  Castilian. 

Catalonia  was  anciently  under  the  dominion  of  the  Ro- 
mans, who  were  afterwards  dispossessed  by  the  Goths,  and 
they  again  by  the  Moors.  It  was  finally  reconquered  by  the 
Spaniards,  when  it  was  divided  into  departments  and  gov- 
erned by  counts.  The  national  liberties  were  secured  by 
the  Code  of  Usages,  and  the  people  were  represented  by  local 
parliaments.  In  1040  the  sovereignty  became  hereditary,  and 
in  1137  the  province  was  united  to  Aragon  by  the  marriage 
of  Ramon  Berenguer  IV.  with  Petronila,  the  heiress  of  the 
former.  Turbulent  and  impatient  of  restraint,  the  subse- 
quent history  of  the  Catalans  presents  a  series  of  rebellions. 
Philip  v.,  after  the  capture  of  Barcelona  in  1714,  sup- 
pressed their  ancient  cortes  and  curtailed  their  liberties. 
The  principal  towns  are  Barcelona,  Tarragona,  Gerona, 

Lerida,  Reus,  Manresa,  Tortosa,  Ac.     Pop.  1,800,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Cat'alan  and  Catalonian,  kat-a-lo'ne-qJt 
(Sp.  Catalan,  ki-t4-lin'). 

Cataloo'chee,  or  Cataloocha,  a  post-township  of 
Haywood  co.,  N.C,  48  miles  from  Newport,  Tenn.    P.  19* 


CAT 


823 


CAT 


Catalufla,  the  Spanish  for  Catalonia. 

Cata'ma  Creek,  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  enters  the 

AJabaina  River  about  12  miles  W.  of  Montgomery. 

Catamarca,  ki-ti-maR'kft,  a  province  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  between  lat.  25°  and  29°  S.  and  Ion.  66°  and 
69°  W.,  having  W.  the  Andes,  separating  it  from  Chili,  and 
on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Salta,  Tucuman,  Cordova, 
and  La  Rioja.  It  is  extremely  fertile,  and  produces  corn, 
eattle,  cotton,  and  red  pepper.  The  province  abounds  in 
valuable  minerals.  Capital,  Catamarca.  Area  (ofiBcial  esti- 
mate, 1887),  31,600  scruare  miles.     Pop.  130,000. 

Catamarca,  or  San  Fernando  de  Catamarca, 
lin  fSn-nin'do  di  ki-ti-maR'k&,  the  capital  of  the  above, 
is  on  a  small  stream,  275  miles  N.W.  of  Santiago,  in  lat. 
27°  30'  S.,  Ion.  68°  "W.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  5718. 

Catana,  the  ancient  name  of  Catania. 

Catanduanes,  k&-t&n-doo-&'nds,  one  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  near  the  S.E.  coast  of  Luzon,  40  miles  long  and  15 
miles  broad.     It  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 

Catania,  ki-ti'ne-S,  (ano.  Cat'ana  or  Cat'ina),  a  city 
of  Sicily,  on  its  E.  coast,  54  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Syra- 
euse.  Lat.  37°  28'  20"  N.;  Ion.  15°  5'  15"  E.  It  is  beau- 
tifully situated  at  the  foot  of  Etna,  its  despoiler  and  its 
benefactor.  The  very  substance  which  has  ravaged  its  plains 
has  been  changed  into  a  soil  of  high  fertility. 

The  city  has  a  noble  appearance  from  the  sea,  and  is  in- 
ternally very  handsome,  with  regular  and  spacious  streets 
paved  with  lava,  of  which  material  the  numerous  public 
buildings  are  constructed,  the  latter  being  faced  with  mag- 
nesian  limestone  and  enriched  with  marbles.  A  natural 
mole  of  lava  encloses  the  harbor^  and  an  expensive  artificial 
breakwater  has  been  built.  Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral, 
the  senate-house,  the  government  pawn-bank,  a  Benedict- 
ine convent  of  vast  extent  and  with  a  superb  church  and  a 
large  museum,  Ac,  numerous  other  convents,  50  churches, 
some  of  which  are  very  splendid,  several  charitable  estab- 
lishments, foundling  and  lying-in  hospitals,  and  a  Magdalen 
asylum.  In  a  fine  square  near  the  cathedral  is  a  lava  statue 
representing  an  elephant  bearing  an  obelisk,  believed  to  be 
a  genuine  antique.  The  university,  founded  in  1445,  has  a 
large  revenue,  and  its  library  and  museums  are  open  on 
holidays  to  the  public.  Catania  has  a  college  of  arts  and 
numerous  private  museums ;  it  is  an  archbishop's  see,  the 
seat  of  high  civil  and  criminal  courts,  and  is  invested 
with  various  privileges.  It  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  silk  fabrics,  and  of  wares  in  lava  and  amber;  besides 
which  goods  it  exports  com,  macaroni,  potatoes,  olives,  figs, 
raw  silk,  wine,  soda,  manna,  cantharides,  and  snow  from 
Mount  Etna.  The  harbor  is  not  adequate  to  the  importance 
of  the  city,  but  it  is  generally  full  of  small  craft.  It  is 
small,  and  during  a  strong  sirocco  no  ship  can  enter. 

Catania  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Phoeni- 
cians. It  was  occupied  by  the  Romans,  and  by  them  adorned 
with  edifices  of  great  magnificence,  most  of  which,  how- 
ever, have  been  destroyed  by  earthquakes  and  by  lava.  The 
ruins  of  the  amphitheatre,  which  was  more  extensive  than 
any  other  edifice  of  the  same  kind  now  known  to  exist,  are 
still  to  be  seen ;  as  also  the  remains  of  the  theatre,  baths, 
aqueducts,  sepulchral  chambers,  hippodrome,  and  several 
temples.  Besides  being  destroyed  by  the  earthquake  of 
169;^,  the  town  again  suffered  from  a  similar  calamity  in 
1783,1818,  and  1846.  Pop.  in  1871,84,379;  in  1881, 96,017. 
• Adj.  and  inhab.  Catanian,  k&-t&'ne-q,n. 

Catania,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  having  on  the 
E.  the  sea.  Area,  1970  square  miles.  Capital,  Catania. 
Pop.  495,415. 

Catanzaro,  ki-tln-zi'ro,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Catanzaro,  on  a  mountain  near  the  Gulf  of 
Squillace,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cosenza.  Pop.  24,900.  Many 
of  its  principal  buildings  were  destroyed  by  the  earthquake 
of  1783 ;  it  has  a  cathedral,  a  castle,  a  royal  academy  of 
sciences,  diocesan  school,  college,  and  foundling  hospital, 
with  a  government  pawn-bank  and  other  charitable  insti- 
tutions. It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  manufactures 
of  silk,  velvet,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  an  active  trade  in 
agricultural  produce. 

Catanzaro,  sometimes  called  Calabria  Ulteriore 
(or  Ultra,  ool'tra)  II,  ki-li'br^-i  ool-ti-r^-o'ri  si-kon'- 
di,  a  province  of  Italy,  compartimento  of  Calabria.  Area, 
2307  square  miles.  It  has  the  Mediterranean  on  the  W., 
and  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  on  the  E.  Capital,  Catanzaro. 
Pop.  in  1871,  412,226;  in  1881,  433,975. 

Catapuliche,  ki-ti-poo-iee'chi,  a  river  of  South 
America,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  about 
lat.  39°  15'  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  68  miles,  falls  into  the 
Rio  Negro  about  lat  40°  3'  S. 


Cat'aract,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.,  on  Eel 
River,  about  34  miles  E.  of  Terre  Hante.  It  has  2  ohurohes. 
The  river  falls  60  feet  near  this  place.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Cataract,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  oo..  Wis.,  in  Little 
Falls  township,  on  Big  Creek,  10  miles  N.  of  Sparta,  and 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  a  charoh,  a  griet- 
mill,  a  town  hall,  3  stores,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Cataract,  or  Church's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Card- 
well  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Credit,  3i  miles  from  Alton. 
It  has  2  woollen-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  brewery, 
and  a  flax-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Cataraqni,  ki^ti^ri^kee',  or  Waterloo,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 
Pop.  300. 

Catarrh,  ka-tar',  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C. 

Catarroja,  k&-taR-Ro'Hfi,,  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles  S. 
of  Valencia.   Pop.  4430,  engaged  in  raising  rice  and  fishing. 

Catas  Altas,  ki'tfts  il'tis,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.  Pop.  3000.  In  its 
vicinity  are  iron-mines. 

Cat'asau'qna,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  is 
on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  3  miles  above 
Allentown,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on^  the 
Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  at  the  junction  of  the  Catasauqua  <k  Fogles- 
ville  Railroad.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  national  bank, 
10  hotels,graded  schools,  2  machine-shops,  4  rolling-mills,  2 
iron-foundries,  gas-works,  manufactures  of  fire-bricks  and 
railroad-cars,  4  blast-furnaces  of  the  Crane  Iron  Company, 
a  horseshoe-works,  steel-works,  2  silk-mills,  and  a  flour- 
mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  passes  along  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river.     Pop.  in  1890,  3704. 

Cat^atonk',  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Owego.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Catau'la,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  North 
&  South  Railroad  of  Georgia,  15  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Cataw'ba,  a  county  in  the  west-central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  388  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Little  (or  South)  Catawba.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating; the  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  <fco. 
Granite  is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Newton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,984 ;  in  1880,  14,946 ;  in  1890,  18,689. 

Catawba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  oo.,  Ey.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Falmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Catawba,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Mo.,  9  miles 
from  Breckenridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Catawba,  a  post-village  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  on  the  Catawba 
River,  38  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  an  academy, 
2  churches,  2  cotton-factories,  and  a  -manufactory  of  iron. 

Catawba,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  318. 
Catawba  Station  is  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati  &  Indian- 
apolis Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Catawba,  a  post-office  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va. 

Catawba,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fairmont.  It  has  a  church,  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  .^00. 

Catawba  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  in 
a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  Lake  Erie,  7  miles  from 
Gypsum  Railroad  Station,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Sandusky. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  of  township,  515. 

Catawba  (or  Great  Catawba)  River  rises  at  the 
Blue  Ridge,  in  Western  North  Carolina.  It  flows  eastward 
and  drains  parts  of  Burke,  Catawba,  and  Iredell  cos.  From 
the  last  it  runs  southward  into  York  co.,  S.C,  and  it  forms 
the  boundai-y  between  Chester  and  Lancaster  cos.  until  it 
reaches  Rocky  Mount,  S.C.  Below  this  point  the  stream  is 
called  the  Wateree  River.  The  Catawba  is  nearly  300 
miles  long.  Gold  is  found  near  this  river.  An  affluent, 
called  the  Little  (or  South)  Catawba,  intersects  Lincoln  and 
Gaston  cos.,  and  enters  the  Catawba  River  from  the  right 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte. 

CataAVba  River,  a  post-office  of  York  oo.,  S.C. 

Catawba  Springs,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2097. 

Catawis'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  oo 
Marameo  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
42  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  plough-factory,  Ac. 

Catawissa,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  is  in 
Catawissa  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  at  the  mouth  of  Catawissa  Creek,  9  miles  E. 
of  Danville,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  is  on  tht 
Catawissa  A  Williamsport  Branch  of  the  Reading  Rail- 


OAT 


824 


CAT 


road,  and  on  the  Sunbury,  Hazleton  &  Wilkesbarre,  and 
the  N.  &  W.  Branch  Railroad,  branches  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad.  It  has  a  paper-mill,  2  flour-mills,  a  na- 
tional bank,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  railroad  car-shops,  2 
broom-  and  2  shoe-factories,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1809. 

Catawissa  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill 
CO.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  River  at  Catawissa,  in  Columbia  co. 

Catawissa  Junction.    See  Milton,  Pa. 

Catawissa  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Catawissa  Creek,  is  principally  included  in  Columbia  oo., 
between  its  southeastern  limit  and  the  Susquehanna  River. 

Catbalogan,  k3,t-bS,-lo-gd,n',  written  also  Cadva> 
longa,  k&d-v&-lon'g&,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the 
island  of  Samar,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  near  the 
centre  of  the  W.  coast.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  is  the 
residence  of  a  Spanish  alcalde.     Pop.  6000. 

Catch,  the  French  for  Cutch. 

Cat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  oo.,  Ga.,  12  milei 
from  Valdosta. 

,  Cat  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Stanton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Rosslyn  is  the  station  name.     Pop.  100. 

Cateau-Cambresis,  k&Ho'-k&M^br^h -see',  or  lie 
Cateau,  l§h  kS,Uo',a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
on  a  railway,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambrai.  Pop.  9974.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  shawls,  merinoes,  and 
calicoes,  and  important  coal-mines.  The  treaty  of  Cateau- 
Cambresis,  between  Philip  II.  of  Spain  and  Henry  II.  of 
France,  was  signed  here  in  1559. 

Cateran  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.  See  Loch  Katrine. 

Caterii,  kiH§rMee',  a  town  of  Turkey,  on  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  175  miles  N.N.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Cat'fish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y.,  18  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Catfish,  a  hamlet  of  Blair  oo.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Holli- 
daysburg. 

Catfish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Madison 
township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  71  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
church  and  coal-mines. 

Catfish  Creek,  South  Carolina,  runs  southward  in 
Marion  oo.,  and  enters  the  Great  Pedee  River. 

Catfish  Lauding  Blufi',  a  village  of  Livingston 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Amite  River,  21  miles  W.  of  Ponchatoula. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 
Here  is  Maurepas  Post-Office. 

Catfish  Point,  a  post-office  of  Bolivar  oo..  Miss. 

Catfish  River,  Wis.,  is  the  outlet  of  four  lakes  which 
are  in  Dane  co.,  and  are  called  Mendota,  Menona,  Wau- 
besa,  and  Kegonsa.  It  runs  southeastward  and  enters  Rook 
River  in  Rock  oo.,  about  10  miles  above  Janesville.  It 
affords  abundant  water-power. 

Cath'arine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Catharine  township,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Havana,  and  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  The 
township  contains  other  hamlets,  named  Alpine  and  Odessa. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1521. 

Catharine,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.     Pop.  907. 

Catharine  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  oo.,  N.C., 
on  a  lake,  about  35  miles  S.W.  of  Newborn.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Cathar'pin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  N.  of  Gainesville  Railroad  Station. 

Cathay,  a  mediaeval  name  for  China  and  eastern 
Tartary. 

Cath'cart,  or  Syd'enham,  a  post-village  in  Brant 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Princeton.     Pop.  160. 

Cathe'dral  Peak,  California,  is  a  granitic  peak  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mariposa  oo.  It  is 
near  lat.  37°  60'  N.,  and  is  about  11,000  feet  high.  The 
Merced  River  rises  near  the  base  of  this  grand  landmark. 

Cath'erine,  or  Catherine's,  a  group  of  three  small 
low  islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Gilolo  Passage.  Lat.  0° 
39'  S.;  Ion.  129°  11'  E. 

Catherine,  or  Catherine's,  several  small  islets  off 
the  extreme  S.  point  of  Boothia  Felix,  Northern  Canada. 
Lat.  69°  20'  37"  N.;  Ion.  94°  31'  55"  W. 

Catherlogh,  the  original  name  of  Carlow. 

Cath'erton,  a  post-office  of  Webster  oo.,  Neb. 

Cath'ey's  Creek,  a  township  of  Transylvania  oo., 
N.C.     Pop.  515. 

CathMam'et,  a  post-village  of  Wahkiakum  oo.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  River,  40  miles  below  Kalama, 
and  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  salmon- 
fishery  and  canning- factory,  and  3  boat-shops. 


CathMapoo'tle  River,  Washington,  rises  in  Sk>. 
mania  co.,  among  the  mountains,  runs  nearly  southweat- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  in  Clarke  co.,  about  14 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long.  The  South  Fork  of  the  Cathlapootle  rises  in 
Skamania  co.,  and  enters  the  Cathlapootle  on  the  left  hand 
about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Catillon,  or  Catillon-sur-Sambre,  kl'tee'y6No'- 
siiR-simb'r,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  19  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Cambrai.     It  has  manufactures  of  thread.     Pop.  1243. 

Catina,  an  ancient  name  of  Catania. 

Catinguinha,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Valen9a. 

Cat  Island,  Crittenden  co..  Ark.,  is  a  steamboat-land- 
ing on  the  Mississippi  River,  20  miles  below  Memphis. 

Cat  Island,  or  Guanahani,  gw&^n&-h&'nee,  one  of 
the  Bahama  Islands,  long  regarded  as  the  San  Salvador  of 
Columbus  and  the  first  discovered  land  of  the  New  World, 
but  that  honor  is  now  conceded  to  Watling  Island.  It  is 
36  miles  long,  and  from  3  to  7  miles  broad.     Pop.  2378. 

Cat  Island,  a  small  island  of  Canada,  in  Lake  Huron, 
lying  between  the  Isle  of  Cove  and  Horse  Island. 

Cat  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Borgne,  La.,  is 
5  miles  W.  of  Ship  Island. 

Cat  Kays,  or  Cat  Keys,  a  group  of  islets  off  Great 
Bahama  Bank,  the  largest  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  nearest 
point  of  Great  Bahama  Island,  and  10  miles  from  the  Be- 
mini  Islands.  It  has  a  light-house,  with  a  tower  55  feet  in 
height.     Lat.  25°  34'  30"  N.;  Ion.  79°  18'  24"  W. 

Catlen's  Mills,  Tenn.    See  Richardson's  Mills. 

Cat'lett,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  45  miles  from  Washington, 
D.C.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cat'lettsburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Sandy,  about 
12  miles  above  Ironton,  0.,  and  115  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Lexington.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
grist-mill,  and  4  saw-mills.  A  weekly  newspaper  and  a  re- 
ligious paper  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1374. 

Catlettsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
Pigeon  River,  16  miles  from  Strawberry  Plains.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  cotton-gin,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Cat'lin,  a  post- village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Catlin 
township,  on  the  Wabt^h  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  money 
order  post-office.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  about  400 ;  of 
the  township,  1826. 

Catlin,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Raccoon 
township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwest- 
ern Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Catlin,  a  post-township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  1342. 

Catmandoo,  capital  of  Nepaul.    See  Khatmandoo. 

Ca'to,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cato,  a  hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile  from  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  and  16  miles  from  Hall's 
Gap  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cato,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cato 
township,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  pumps.   Pop.  of  township,  739. 

Cato,  a  post-village  of  Rankin  co..  Miss.,  16  miles  S.  of 
Brandon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Here  are  large  pine  forests. 

Cato,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N. 
border  of  Cato  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.  of  Auburn.  It  is  partly  in  Ira  township. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  &c.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Seneca 
River.     Pop.  of  Cato  township,  2097. 

Cato,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  oo..  Wis.,  in  Cato 
township,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Manitowoc.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Manitowoc  River,  and 
contains  Clark's  Mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1906. 

Catoc'tin,  a  station  in  Frederick  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  71  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  on 
the  Potomac  River. 

Catoctin  Creek,  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Potomac  River  about  9  miles  below 
Harper's  Ferry.  About  4  miles  E.  of  it  is  Catoctin  Moun- 
tain, a  ridge  extending  N.  and  S. 

Catoctin  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  12  miles  N.  of  Frederick  City,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Me- 
chanicstown.  It  is  on  or  near  the  Catoctin  Mountain.  It 
has  3  furnaces  for  pig-iron,  and  a  grist-mill 


CAT 


8^ 


CAC 


Cato'ma^  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.AV.  of  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Ca'ton,  a  jiDst-township  of  Steuben  CO.,  N.Y.,  about 
12  miles  W.  by  S,  of  Elmira,  borders  on  Pennsylvania.  It 
contains  a  village  named  Caton  Centre.     Pop.  1633. 

Caton  Centre,  a  village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Caton  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Corning.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  150.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Caton. 

Ca'tunsville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  3 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  convent,  2  academies,  a 
cigar-factory,  a  pottery,  a  printing-office,  Ac.  Pop.  2115, 
Catoo'sa,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  149  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Chick- 
amauga  Creelj.  The  surface  id  hilly  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  soil.  The  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad.  Capital,  Ringgold. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4409;  in  1880,  4739;  in  1890,  5431. 

Catoosa  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Catoosa  co., 
Ga.,  8  miles  E.  of  Ringgold.  Here  are  excellent  saline 
phalybeate  springs,  with  good  hotels. 

Cat'rail,  Dividing  Fence,  or  Picts'   Work'- 

^tch,  a  name  applied  to  the  remains  of  a  fosse  and  double 

impart,  with  round  forts  at  intervals,  in  Scotland,  cos.  of 

elkirk  and  Roxburgh,  and  which  is  supposed  to  have  been 

^line  of  defence  raised  by  the  Britons  against  the  invading 

i-xons.     It  commences  1  mile  W.  of  Galashiels,  extends  S. 

E.  to  the  Cheviots,  and  is  from  20  to  21  feet  in  breadth. 

'Catral,  kd-trai',  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Ali- 

fcnte.     It  has  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  1447. 

Catrimani,  ki-tre-mi'nee,  or  Caritnmini,  ki-re-ti- 

Jee'nee,    a   river   of  Brazil,    state  of    Pari,    rising   in    a 

which  forms  a  continuation  of  the  Serra  Carumani, 

out  lat.  2°  N.,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  100  miles, 

Iling  into  the  Rio  Branco,  near  Carmo,  in  lat.  0°  28'  N., 

|n.  62°  8'  W.     It  is  encumbered  by  rocks  and  cataracts. 

Ca'trine,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  parish  of 

Dm,  on  the  Ayr,  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mauchline.     It  has 

tton-mills.     Pop.  2584. 

_  Cats'kill,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 

is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 

at  the  mouth  of  Catskill  Creek,  34  miles  below  Albany. 

contains  a  court-house,  1  churches,  a  savings  bank,  2 

Utional  banks,  the  Catskill  Free  Academy,  St.  Patrick's 

Icademy,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 

bpers.     Here  are  2  knitting-mills,  a  facing-mill,  a  chair- 

ctory,  2  sash-  and  blind-factories,  a  p.aper-mill,  and  sev- 

a,l  stone-yards  and  ice-houses.     Pop.  in  1890,4920;  of 

tie  township  (which  also  contains  Palensville),  8263.     See 

Batskill  Station. 

Catskill   Creek,  New  York,  drains  part  of  Albany 

I.,  runs  southeastward  through  Greene  co.,  and  enters  the 

ludson  River  at  Catskill.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Catskill  Mountains,  New  York,  a  group  of  the  Ap- 

llachian  system,  principally  in  Greene  co.,  but  extending 

into  the  N.W.  part  of  Ulster  co.     The  highest  mountains  of 

this  group  are  Round  Top  and  High  Peak,  the  former  rising 

3804  feet  above  the  sea,  and  the  latter  about  3720   feet. 

They  are   composed   partly  of  old    red   sandstone   of  the 

Devonian  age.     This  rock  was  formed  in  a  later  period 

of  geological  history  than  any  other  in  New  York.     Their 

summits  are  broad  and  rocky,  and  their  declivities  steep. 

These  mountains  abouim  in  magnificent  and  picturesque 

scenery,  diversified  by  high  precipices,  cataracts,  and  deep 

ravines  bordered  by  almost  perpendicular  clifi"s.    The  eastern 

base  of  this  group  is  about  7  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River. 

On  a  terrace  of  Pine  Orchard  Mountain,  about  12  miles  W. 

of  the  village  of  Catskill,  is  the  Mountain  House,  a  summer 

resort,  which  is  annually  visited  by  thousands  of  tourists. 

This  hotel  is  nearly  2400  feet  higher  than  the  Hudson  River, 

of  which  it  commands  an  extensive  and  beautiful  view. 

Catskill  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Catskill,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  109  miles 
N,  of  New  York  City.     Here  is  a  church. 

Cat  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
S'.E.  of  Alleyton.     It  has  a  sugar-mill. 
Cattack,  a  city  of  India.     See  Cuttack. 
Cat'tarau'gus,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  1 356  square  miles.     It  is  intersected 
by  the  Alleghany  River,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Catta- 
raugus Creek,  and  also  drained  by  the  Conewango  and  Ischua 
Creeks.     The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with   forests,  in  which   the  ash,  beech,  oak, 
pine,  and   sugar-maple  abound.     The   soil    is    fertile  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.     Butter,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  potatoes, 
and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.     This  county  is  trav- 
53 


ersed  by  the  Erie  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic  A,  Great  West- 
ern Railroad.  Devonian  sandstones  underlie  the  soil. 
Capital,  Little  Valley.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,909;  in  1875, 
48,477;  in  1880,  55,806;  in  1890,  60,866. 

Cattarangus,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  New  Albion  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  31  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  union 
free  school,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures 
of  edge-tools,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  878. 

Cattaraugus  Creek,  New  York,  rnns  westward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Cattaraugus  and  Erie  cos., 
and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  is  nearly  70  miles 
long.  In  some  places  it  runs  in  a  gorge  between  rooky 
cliflFs  that  are  almost  vertical,  and  150  feet  high. 

Cattaro,  k4t'ti-ro,  a  seaport  town  of  Austria-Hungary, 
in  Dalmatia,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of  Cattaro, 
38  miles  S.E.  of  Ragusa.  Lat.  42°  25'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  18°  46' 
30"  E.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  steep  limestone  rocks, 
is  strongly  fortified,  surmounted  by  a  castle,  and  surrounded 
with  walls.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  has  a  cathe- 
dral and  a  Greek  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  courts.  Its 
harbor  is  spacious,  but  the  trade  is  inconsiderable.  It  was 
founded  in  the  sixth  century,  on  the  site  of  the  Roman 
Acrivium,  and  was  formerly  the  capital  of  a  republic  of  the 
same  name.     Pop.  2017. 

Cattegat,  or  Kattegat,  kat'te-gat\  a  large  arm  of 
the  North  Sea,  has  Sweden  on  the  E.  and  Jutland  on  the 
W.,  unites  with  the  Skager  Rack  on  the  N.,  and  communi- 
cates, by  the  sound  and  the  Great  and  Little  Belt,  with 
the  Baltic  on  the  S.  Its  length  from  N.  to  S.  is  about  160 
miles,  and  its  central  breadth  nearly  90  miles.  It  is  of  very 
unequal  depth,  and  is  not  only  shallow  towards  its  shores, 
but  also  has  sandbanks  which  are  dangerous  to  navigation. 
The  only  islands  of  any  consequence  it  contains  are  Lasoe, 
Anholt,  and  Samsoe. 

Cattenon,  kitHeh-n6N»'  (Ger.  Kattenhoioen,  kit't^n- 
hoVen),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Died'enhofen.     Pop.  1043. 

Cat'terick,  the  supposed  ancient  Catarac'tonutn,  a  vil- 
lage of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  the  Swale, 
5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  666. 

Catti,  a  people  of  ancient  Germany.     See  Hessen. 

Cattolica,  kit-tol'e-ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Girgenti.     It  has  sulphur-mines.     Pop.  6381. 

Cattolica,  or  La  Cattolica,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Forli,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rimini,  near  the  Adri- 
atic. It  was  named  from  the  Athanasian  bishops  having 
retreated  thither  from  the  Arian  council  of  Rimini  in  359. 

Cattorum  Castellum.    See  Cassel. 

Caturigse,  an  ancient  town  of  France.     See  Chorges. 

Catus,  kiHiiee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Lot,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1595. 

Catusiacum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Chaource. 

Cauainbe,  kow-im'bi,  or  Gaume,  gow'mi,  a  small 
river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pari,  falling  into  the  Rio  Branco 
in  lat.  2°  53'  N.,  Ion.  61°  10'  W. 

Caub,  kowb,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on 
the  Rhine,  10  miles  by  rail  below  Bingen.     Pop.  2098. 

Caubul,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.     See  Cabool. 

Cauca,  kow'ki  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  in  that  part  of  the  Andes  called  Paramo  de  Guanaoas, 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  600  miles  from  S.  to  N.  between 
the  central  and  west  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes,  falls  into  the 
Magdalena  at  Tacaloa,  in  lat.  9°  25'  N.  The  valley  of  the 
Cauca  is  one  of  the  richest,  most  fertile,  and  most  populous 
districts  in  South  America. 

Cauca,  a  department  of  Colombia,  bounded  W.  by  the 
Pacific,  and  traversed  by  the  Andean  coast  range.  It  is  by 
far  the  largest  of  the  departments  in  area  (257,462  square 
miles).  Capital,  Popayan.  Pop.  as  estimated  in  1891, 
438,000. 

Caucasus,  kaw'ka-siis,  or  Cauca'sia,  a  lieutenancy 
and  military  conscription  of  the  Russian  empire,  consisting 
of  the  government  of  Stavropol  and  the  military  districts  of 
Terek  and  Kooban  (Ciscaucasia),  and  the  governments  and 
distriots  of  Bakoo,  Daghestan,  Yelisavetpol,  Erivan,  Koo- 
tais,  Sookhoom,  Chernomorsk,  Tiflis,  Sakhatal,  and  Kara. 
The  ten  districts  last  named  together  form  wbat  is  called 
Transcaucasia ;  but  Daghestan  and  part  of  Bakoo  are  on 
the  European  slope  of  the  Caucasus.  Capital,  Tiflis.  Area, 
178,839  square  miles.     Pop.  (official  estimate)  7,158,151. 

Caucasus  (Gr.  Kauxoo-os),  a  lofty  range  of  mountains 
in  Russia,  the  centre  chain  of  which  stretches  N.W.  to  S.B. 
for  about  700  miles  between  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Caspian 
and  there  forms  the  boundary  between  Europe  and  Asia. 
From  this  chain  numerous  branches  are  thrown  off,  one  of 


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them  to  the  N,  proceeding  through  the  lieutenancy  of  Cau- 
casus into  Astrakhan  and  onward  to  the  banks  of  the  Volga, 
while  the  branches  to  the  S.  traverse  Georgia  and  connect 
with  the  mountains  of  Ararat.  The  highest  point  in  the 
range  is  Mount  Elbrooz,  which  stands  near  the  middle  of 
the  central  chain,  and  has  an  altitude  of  18,526  feet.  Kosh- 
tan  Tau  (17,100  feet)  and  Dych  Tau  (16,925  feet)  are  believed 
to  occupy  the  second  and  third  places.  The  next  highest  is 
Mount  Kasbek,  16,546  feet,  across  which  is  the  Eng  or 
Dariel  Pass  (called  the  Caucasian  Gates,  or  Krestowaja 
Gora),  which  gives  Russia  her  only  carriage-communica- 
tion with  her  Transcaucasian  domains,  except  that  along 
the  Caspian  coast.  The  N.  side  of  the  range  is  much  more 
abrupt  than  the  S.  Stratified  rocks  appear  at  the  bottom 
of  the  mountains,  and  rise  to  a  considerable  height  on  their 
sides.  These  rocks  consist  chiefly  of  thick  beds  of  lime- 
stone, conglomerate,  and  clay  slate.  Higher  up  are  seen 
immense  crj-stalline  masses,  composed  of  granite,  syenite, 
serpentine,  &o.  Highest  of  all  is  trachytic  porphyry,  which 
forms  the  great  body  of  all  the  principal  summits  of  the 
central  range.  The  limit  of  perpetual  snow  in  the  Cau- 
casus is  11,000  feet,  and  hence,  as  some  of  the  mountains 
rise  from  5000  to  over  7000  feet  above  this,  there  is  an 
extensive  range  for  glaciers.  Scarcely  a  single  lake  of  any 
extent  is  to  be  found  in  the  Caucasus,  and  the  scenery  thus 
remains  destitute  of  that  which  constitutes  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  features  in  the  Alps  of  Switzerland.  Numerous 
cascades  tumble  down  the  N.  steeps  of  the  Caucasus,  but 
none  of  them  are  remarkable  either  for  volume  or  for  height, 
and  the  only  rivers  of  any  consequence  which  are  fed  by 
them  are  the  Terek,  the  Kooban,  and  the  Koor. 

Vegetation  is  very  vigorous.  Magnificent  forest  trees 
slothe  the  higher  mountain-slopes  almost  to  an  incredible 
height;  lower  down,  all  the  finer  fruit  trees  of  the  climate 
are  found  growing  in  wild  luxuriance;  while  lower  still, 
where  human  labor  can  be  made  available,  almost  any 
degree  of  culture,  however  imperfect,  is  rewarded  with  an 
abundant  crop.  The  ordinary  cereals  grow  7000  feet  above 
sea-level,  while  valuable  slirubs,  plants,  and  flowers,  in 
almost  endless  variety,  deck  the  valleys  and  lower  plains. 

The  inhabitants  include  a  great  variety  of  tribes,  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Circassians  (now  expatriated), 
Georgians,  Chechenees,  Ossetes,  Lesghians,  and  Abkasians. 
Derived  from  a  variety  of  stocks,  and  speaking  a  variety 
i)f  languages,  they  are  all  distinguished  by  love  of  freedom, 
and  in  bodily  constitution  are  robust  and  elegantly  framed. 

The  animals  are  numerous.  The  aurochs,  a  species  of 
bison,  is  still  found  in  the  mountains ;  the  forests  are  full 
of  fur-bearing  animals,  and  all  the  rivers  abound  in  fish. 
Formerly  numerous  herds  of  cattle  were  reared  in  the  val- 
leys. The  chain  contains  no  active  volcanoes,  but  is  fre- 
quently visited  by  earthquakes.  The  minerals  comprise 
copper,  lead,  iron,  sulphur,  and  coal.  All  the  passes  between 
Europe -and  Asia  are  guarded  by  Russian  fortresses. 

Caucasus,  Indian.    See  Hindoo-Koosh. 

Caudebec,  kSd^bfik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rleure,  on  the  Seine,  at  the  influx  of  the  Caudebec  River,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rouen,  and  28  miles  E.  of  Havre.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cottons,  and  an  active  commerce.  It  was 
formerly  the  capital  of  the  Pays  de  Caux.     Pop.  2181. 

Caudebec-I6s-Elbeuf,  krKrbSk'-lize-Srbuf.atown 
of  France,  department  of  Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  Gison. 
It  is  an  eastern  suburb  of  Elbeuf,  and  has  important  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  10,715. 

Caud^ran,  koMiV6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
2  miles  W.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  3871.  It  contains  the  mili- 
tary hospital  of  Bordeaux. 

Caudete,  kSw-di'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  60 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  6500. 

Caudry,  koMree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     It  has  manufactures  of  tulle  lace. 

Caufiristan,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Kafiristan. 

Caughdenoy,  k5k-§-noy',  a  post-village  of  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hastings  township,  on  the  Oneida  River,  and 
on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  220. 

Caughnawaga,  kaw-ni-wi'ga,  or  Sault  Saint- 
Louis,  so-sS,No'-loo^ee',  a  post-village  in  Laprairie  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite 
Lachine.  It  is  10  miles  by  rail  above  Montreal,  at  the  N. 
terminus  of  a  railway  to  Mooers,  N.Y.  It  is  inhabited  by 
Indians  of  the  Iroquois  tribe.     Pop.  1650. 

Caulabagli,  kawMi-big',  or  KalMabagh',  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  Bunnoo  district,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Peshawer. 
Lat.  33°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  35'  E.  It  is  built  on  terraces  close 
by  the  Indus.  In  the  vicinity  are  huge  masses  of  rock  salt, 
in  which  and  in  alum  the  town  has  a  trade.     Pop.  6419. 


Caulksville,  ka-wks'vll,  a  post-village  of  Logan  oo., 
Ark.,  3  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  has  several  church  organisa- 
tions.    Pop.  120. 

Caulon,  or'Caulonia.    See  Castelvetere. 

Caumont,  ko^mAN*'  (anc.  Cal'vomons  f),  &  town  of 
France,  in  Calvados,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bayeux.    Pop.  1075. 

Caumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne;  4  milei 
S.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1023. 

Caumont,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vauoluse,  on  the 
Durance,  18  miles  from  Avignon.     Pop.  2020. 

Caunpoor,  British  India.    See  Cawnpoor. 

Cauquenes,  k5w-ki'n5s,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  tha 
province  of  Maule,  about  60  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chilian. 
Pop.  45,950. 

Canquenes,  Baths  of,  some  remarkable  mineral 
springs  of  Chili,  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Santiago. 

Caura,  kow'r&,  a  considerable  river  of  Venezuela,  in 
the  territory  of  Caura,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Yurani,  Erevato,  and  Merewari  (which  rise  in  the  Sierra 
Parima),  flows  N.,  and  falls  into  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  7°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  66°  15'  \V.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Caurium,  the  ancient  name  of  Coria. 

Caussade,  ko^s4d',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tamot- 
Garonne,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Montauban.  Pop.  2490.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  beet-root  sugar. 

Cauten,  kdw-t^n',  or  Imperial,  im-p4-re-3,l',  a  river 
of  Chili,  has  its  sources  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  in 
about  lat.  38°  44'  S.,  and  flows  nearly  due  W.  into  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  38°  48'  S.  Length,  about  180  miles.  It 
has  six  tributaries,  some  of  them  not  much  inferior  to  itself. 

Cauterets,  koH^h-ri',  a  village  and  watering-plaoe  of 
France,  in  Hautes-Pyr6n6e8,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tarbes.  It 
stands  in  a  fertile  basin,  2900  feet  above  the  sea,  enclosed 
by  rugged  mountains,  and  has  hot  sulphur  springs. 

Cauterskill,  kaw't^rz-kll,  a  hamlet  in  Catskill  town- 
ship, Greene  oo.,  N.Y.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cauterskill 
and  Catskill  Creeks,  2  miles  from  Catskill. 

Cauterskill  Creek  (formerly  Kaater's  Kil)  has  its 
source  in  two  small  lakes  near  the  summit  of  the  Catskill 
Mountains,  and  joins  the  Catskill  Creek  at  Cauterskill.  In 
the  early  part  of  its  course  it  forms  a  series  of  remarkable 
falls  and  cascades,  the  most  celebrated,  known  as  the  Cau- 
terskill Falls  (half  a  mile  from  its  source),  having  two  sepa- 
rate falls  of  180  and  80  feet  respectively,  and  forming  with 
the  rapids  immediately  below  an  aggregate  descent  of  over 
300  feet.  Lower  down  it  traverses  the  Clove,  a  noted  ravine 
abounding  with  falls,  cascades,  and  pools.  Length  of  the 
creek,  about  20  miles. 

Cauth'ron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Ark.,  45  miles 
from  Fort  Smith. 

Cauto,  k5w'to,  a  river  of  Cuba,  near  the  E.  extremity, 
has  its  sources  in  the  Sierra  de  Cobre,  and  falls  into  the 
Bay  of  Buena  Esperanza.     Length,  70  miles. 

Cauvery,  a  river  of  India.     See  Cavert. 

Caux,  or  Pays  de  Caux,  pi  d?h  ko,  a  small  district 
of  France,  in  the  old  province  of  Normandy,  of  which  the 
capital  was  Caudebec,  and  afterwards  Dieppe.  It  is  now 
comprised  in  the  department  of  Seine-Inf6rieure. 

Cav'a,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  group.  Lat.  58°  55'  N.; 
Ion.  3°  8'  W.     It  is  upwards  of  3  miles  in  circumference. 

Cava,  ki'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Novara,  4  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  795. 

Cava,  or  La  Cava,  li  ki'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Salerno,  in  the  valley  of  Fenestra,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Salerno.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  a  cathe- 
dral, other  churches,  a  convent,  a  house  of  refuge,  a  hospi- 
tal, and  a  seminary.  Silk,  cotton,  and  linen  are  manufac- 
tured here  and  in  the  numerous  small  villages  that  surround 
the  town.  Pop.  20,612.  About  one  mile  from  Cava  is  the 
magnificent  Benedictine  convent  of  the  Trinity. 

Cavado,  k^-vi'do,  or  Cabado,  k3,-bi'do,  a  river  of 
Portugal,  rises  in  the  Serra  de  Gerez,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Galicia,  and  enters  the  sea  at  Esposenda.    Length,  65  miles. 

Cavaglia,  ki-vil'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Turin.     Pop.  2348. 

Cavaillon,  k3,Vi^y6N»'  (anc.  Cahel'Uo),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Vaucluse,  on  the  Durance,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Avignon.  Pop.  8034.  It  has  a  town 
hall,  a  former  cathedral,  with  a  curious  cloister,  the  remains 
of  a  Roman  arch,  and  varied  manufactures. 

Cavalcante,  ki-vil-kin'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
300  miles  N.E.  of  Goyaz,  with  gold-mines  and  gold-wash- 
ings in  the  river  Almas.     Pop.  4000. 

Cavalese,  kS,-vi-li'si,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Trent,  on  the  Avisio.     Pop.  2529. 

Cavalho,  k&-vil'yo,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  11°  1'  30"  N.j  Ion.  15°  41'  15"  W. 


CAV 


827 


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Cav'alier',  or  CavUleer',  a  county  of  North  Dakota, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Manitoba.  Area,  1512  square  miles. 
Capital,  Langdon.     Pop.  in  1890,  6471. 

Cavalier,  a  post- village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  10  mile.s 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Bathgate.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
2  common  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  fiour-mill. 
Pop.  500. 

Cavaller-Maggiore,  ki-vil'lSn-mid-jo'ri,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  between  the  Maira  and  the  Grana, 
at  a  niilway  junction,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Coni.     Pop.  5516. 

Cavallo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.     See  Kavala. 

Cavallu,  Monte,  Italy.    See  Monte  Corno. 

C'avally,  ki-vil'lee,  a  town  of  Africa,  coast  of  Guinea. 
Lat.  4°  21'  12"  N.;  Ion.  7°  35'  35"  W. 

Cav'an,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  having  N.  the 
eo.  of  Fermanagh,  E.  Monaghan,  S.  Meath,  Westmeath, 
and  Longford,  S.W.  Leitrim.  Area,  746  square  miles.  Sur- 
face, mountainous  on  the  borders,  enclosing  an  open  coun- 
try, interspersed  with  bogs.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Woodford  and  Upper  Erne.  Chief  loughs,  those  of  Gaw- 
nagh,  Shillin,  &c.,  some  highly  picturesque.  Granite  schists 
and  Silurian  rocks  prevail.  Soil  light  and  poor,  except 
near  the  lakes  and  rivers.  Coal,  iron,  copper,  jvnd  lead  are 
met  with,  also  excellent  marl  and  fuller's  earth.  Cavan 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Capital, 
Cavan.     Pop.  in  1S81,  129,476;  in  1891,  111,679. 

Cavan,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above,  26  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Enniskillen.  It  has  some  good  edifices,  in- 
cluding a  court-house,  a  barracks,  an  infirmary,  a  public 
promenade,  and  a  prison.     Pop.  3.380. 

Cavan,  ki'viN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Lannion.     Pop.  2010. 

Cav'an,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  65  miles 
jN.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Cavanas,  k4-vi'nS,s,  a  port  or  harbor  of  Cuba,  on  the 
[K.W.  coast  of  that  island,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Havana.  Lat. 
23°  5'  N.;  Ion.  82°  55'  W.  It  is  a  fine  deep  bay,  having 
tits  entrance  between  two  extensive  reefs,  with  anchorage 
[for  hundreds  of  ships. 

Cavarzere,  ki-vaR-zi'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
liBn  the  Adige,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Chioggia.  Pop.,  with  com- 
|mune,  14,979. 

Cavaso,  k4-vi'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  20 
l^hiiles  N.W.  of  'Treviso.     Pop.  2517. 

Cave,  ki'vi,  or  Cavi,  ki'vee,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Rome,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Palestrina.     Pop.  3425. 

Cave,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Leavenworth.  It  has  a  fiour-mill.  Hero  is  the  noted 
Wyandot  Cave. 

Cave,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Cave  City,  Arkansas.     See  Cave  Creek. 

Cave  City,  California.    See  Mammoth  Cave. 

Cave  City,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  85  miles  S.  of  Louisville, 
and  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  Mammoth  Cave.  It  has  2 
ehurches.   A  daily  stage  runs  hence  to  the  Cave.   Pop.  387. 

Cave  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark.,  at  a 
I  village  named  Cave  City,  60  miles  N.  of  Russellville.  Lead 
I  is  found  here. 

Cave  in  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co..  111.,  on 
[the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  below  Shawneetown.  It  has  2 
[churches.  The  river  here  flows  along  the  base  of  a  perpen- 
tdicular  clifiF,  in  which  is  a  remarkable  cave,  once  the  haunt 
|of  robbers.     Pop.  of  Cave  township,  869. 

Cave  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn,  6  miles 
'  from  Gillem's  Station.     Here  is  a  large  cave. 

Cav'endish,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Cavendish  township,  on  the  Black  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad  (Rutland  division),  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Rutland.  It  has  several  churches.  The  township  contains 
a  village  named  Proctorsville,  and  has  a  quarry  of  serpen- 
tine marble.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1823. 

Cavendish,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Caver'na,  Hart  co.,  Ky.     See  Horse  Cave. 

Caverna,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co..  Mo.,  32  miles 
S.  of  Neosho.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cavery,  kaw'v§r-e,  or  Cauv'ery  (anc.  Chaheria),  a 
river  of  India,  Deccan,  rises  near  lat.  13°  10'  N.  and  Ion. 
76°  E.,  flows  tortuously  southeastward,  and,  after  a  course 
of  about  470  miles  through  the  territory  of  Mysore  and  the 
Madras  presidency,  enters  the  sea  by  numerous  mouths  in 
the  district  of  Tanjore,  the  most  northerly  of  which  is 
the  Coleroon.  It  is  not  navigable  for  large  vessels,  but  is 
the  most  useful  river  in  India  for  agricultural  purposes. 

Caverypauk,  kaw-vfir-^-pawk',  a  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  and  57  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madras,  district 


of  North  Arcot.  Its  great  tank  (8  miles  long  and  3  milei 
broad)  is  a  fine  work  constructed  for  irrigation. 

Cav'erypo'ram,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  83  miles  N.E.  of  Coimbatoor,  on  the  banks  of 
the  Cavery.    Pop.  6530. 

Cavesa  (ki-vi'si)  Creek,  Texas,  flows  into  the  Ban 
Antonio  River  about  8  miles  W.  of  Goliad. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Qa.,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Rome.  Here  are  the  Hearn  Manual  Labor 
School  and  an  institution  for  deaf  and  dumb  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  state.  It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  952. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowl- 
ing Green.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms  and  tobacco. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Dorchester  Station,  which  is  6  miles  W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Johnson  City.  It  has  a  church,  the  Buffalo 
Institute,  and  2  flouring-mills. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  from  the  Virginia  <fc  Tennessee  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Cave'town,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Hagerstown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  181. 

CaVett',  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Van  Wert.  It  has  manufactures  of  drain-tile. 
Pop.  100. 

Cavi,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cave. 

Caviana,  k4-ve-fi,'nS.,  an  island  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Pard,  in  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon,  under  the  equator. 
Length,  35  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles.  It  is  level,  fertile, 
and  stocked  with  cattle.  On  its  S.E.  side  is  the  small  town 
of  Roberdello. 

Cavil  cum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Torrox. 

Cavit6,  k4-ve-td',  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Luzon, 
Philippines,  in  the  bay  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of 
Manila.  Pop.  of  town,  5115 ;  of  port,  550.  It  has  an 
arsenal,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same 
name,  residence  of  the  governor,  and  head  naval  depot  of 
the  Spanish  possessions  in  the  East.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  cigars.  The  province  of  Cavit6  is  flat,  and  has  no  im- 
portant rivers.  Chief  products,  rice,  sugar,  indigo,  and 
cofi"ee.     Pop.  173,193. 

Cavo,  Monte,  Italy.    See  Albano. 

Cavor,  or  Cavour,  kS,-voR'  or  ki-vooR',  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pinerolo.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silk  twist,  linens,  and  leather,  and  near  it 
are  slate-  and  marble-quarries.    Pop.  7283. 

CaVour',  a  post-village  of  Beadle  co.,  S.D.,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Huron.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  200. 

Caw  Caw,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    P.  934. 

Caw'dor,  or  CaI'der,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Nairn  and  Inverness,  3^  miles  S.W.  of  Nairn.  Cawdor 
Castle,  here,  is  an  imposing  feudal  fortress,  in  which  Lord 
Lovat  remained  long  concealed,  and  in  which,  it  is  said, 
King  Duncan  was  murdered  by  Macbeth. 

Caw'dor,  a  post-village  in  Addinglon  co.,  Ontario,  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Cawiah,  Cal.     See  KaWeah. 

Cawk'er  City,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Cawker  township,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River, 
about  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  United  States  land-office,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  898. 

Cawnpoor,  Caunpoor,  Cawnpur,  kawn^poor',  or 
Caun^pore',  a  district  of  British  India,  North-West 
Provinces,  having  E.  the  Ganges,  separating  it  from  Oude, 
and  on  other  sides  the  districts  of  Etawah,  Futtehpoor,  Bun- 
delcund,  &c.  Area,  2336  square  miles.  It  is  mostly  within' 
the  Doab  of  the  Ganges  and  Jumna.  Principal  towns, 
Cawnpoor,  Bilhour,  Bithoor,  and  Akberpoor  or  Akbarpoor. 
Pop.  1,156,055. 

Cawnpoor,  Cawnpur,  or  Cannpore,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  Ganges,  115  miles  N.W. 
of  Allahabad,  and  1000  miles  by  water  from  the  sea.  It  is 
at  the  junction  of  two  railways,  has  extensive  military 
cantonments,  a  floating  bridge  across  the  Ganges,  many  fine 
European  and  other  buildings,  and  is  noted  for  its  leather- 
work,  jewelry,  and  gloves.  Pop.  in  1872, 122,710;  in  1881, 
151,444;  in  1891,  182,310. 

Cawood,  k&'wood,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 


CAX 


828 


CAY 


West  Riding,  on  the  Ouse,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Leeds.  Its 
castle,  of  which  little  remains,  was  long  the  residence  of  the 
archbishops  of  York,  and  was  the  place  to  which  Wolsey 
retired  after  his  fall.  Pop.  of  parish,  1179. 
^  Caxa  (or  Caja)  de  Mnertos,  ki'Hi  di  moo-Sa'tos 
(t.e.,  "  the  coffin"  or  "  dead-chest"),  a  small  island  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  off  the  southern  coast  of  Porto  Rico,  about  6 
miles  from  the  shore.    Lat.  17°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  31'  W. 

Caxamarca,  or  Cajamarca,  kil-H&-maR'ki,  for- 
merly Caxamalca,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment of  its  own  name,  90  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Pacasmayo. 
It  is  an  important  seat  of  trade  and  manufacture,  and  fig- 
ures prominently  in  Peruvian  history.  Altitude,  9400  feet. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Caxamarca,  or  Cajamarca,  a  department  of  Peru. 
Area,  14,188  square  miles.     Pop.  213,391. 

Caxamarquilla,  ki-H&-maR-kecry&,  a  town  of  North 
Peru,  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Caxamarca,  province  of  Pataz,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Upper  Amazon.     Pop.  8000. 

Caxatambo,  or  Cajatambo,  k&-H&-tim'bo,  a  town 
of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  in  the  de- 

Sartment  of  Junin,  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  140  miles 
r.  of  Lima.     The  province  contains  mines  of  silver.     Pop. 
of  the  town,  about  6000. 

Caxias,  or  Cachias,  ki-shee'is,  formerly  Aldeas 
Altas,  3,l-d4'is  il'tis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Ma- 
ranhao,  on  the  Itapicuru,  150  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Caxim'bas  Bay,  a  small  enclosed  bay  on  the  western 
coast  of  Florida,  in  Monroe  co.,  in  about  lat.  26°  N.  and 
Ion.  82°  W. 

Caxo,  kix'o,  Caso,  or  Kaso,  ki'so,  a  Turkish  island 
in  the  Grecian  Archipelago;  lat.  (S.E.  point)  35°  19'  N., 
Ion.  26°  50'  E. ;  13  miles  long,  and  5  or  6  miles  broad.  Sur- 
face uneven  and  rocky.     Pop.  4500.     It  is  the  ancient  Gasun. 

Caxoeira,  Brazil.    See  Cachoeira. 

Cax'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co,  and  9J  miles  W.  of 
Cambridge,  on  the  Ermine  Street.     Pop.  631. 

Caxton,  St.  Maurice  co.,  Quebec.     See  Saint  Elie. 

Cay,  Kay,  or  Key  (Sp.  Gayo,  ki'yo),  a  name  principally 
employed  among  the  West  Indies  and  in  the  adjacent  seas, 
and  designating  any  small  and  low  island. 

Cayambe,  kl-im'bi,  Cayambi,  ki-im'bee,  or  Cay- 
ambeurcu,ki-im-bi-ooR-koo',  a  lofty  mountain  in  Ecua- 
dor, in  the  Andes,  directly  under  the  equator,  Ion.  78°  10' 
W.,  45  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Quito.  -  It  is  of  a  beautiful 
square-topped  conical  form,  and  rises  to  a  height  of  19,635 
feet.  From  its  geographical  position  and  elevation,  it  forms 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  landmarks  on  the  globe,  and 
its  summit  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Cayari  River.     See  Mabeira. 

Cayce,  kase,  a  post-hamlct  of  Fulton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Caycos  Islands.    See  Caicos. 

Cayenne,  k4-y4nn'  or  krfinn',  a  town  of  South  Amer- 
ica, capital  of  French  Guiana,  on  the  W.  point  of  an  island 
of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cayenne  or  Oyaque 
River,  in  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  4°  56'  5"  N.;  Ion.  52°  20'  W. 
It  is  built  mostly  of  wood,  and  consists  of  an  old  town,  with 
the  government  house  and  Jesuits'  college,  and  the  new 
town,  with  wide  streets,  large  warehouses,  and  good  resi- 
dences, between  which  two  divisions  is  a  large  open  space 
planted  with  orange-trees.  The  harbor  is  shallow,  has  two 
quays,  and  is  protected  by  a  fort  and  several  batteries.  Cay- 
enne is  the  seat  of  a  governor,  and  is  a  penal  settlement  for 
French  political  and  criminal  offenders.  It  is  exceedingly 
unhealthy.  The  exports  include  cotton,  coffee,  sugar,  cacao, 
cabinet-wood,  cloves,  skins,  isinglass,  roucon-paste,  rum, 
vanilla,  <fec. ;  but  the  exportation  of  native  gold  has  of  late 
far  exceeded  them  all  in  value.     Pop.  10,000. 

Cayenne  Island  is  situated  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
separated  from  the  continent  by  a  narrow  channel.  It 
is  30  miles  in  circumference,  and  its  chief  products  are 
sugar,  cotton,  coffee,  and  fruits. 

Cayes,  a  town  of  Hayti.    See  Aux  Cayes. 

Cayes-de-Jacmel,  ki^-d§h-zhak^m5r,  a  town  of 
Hayti,  on  the  Jacmel  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Port  au  Prince. 

Cayeux,  ki^yuh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the 
English  Channel,  16  miles  W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  2451. 

Caylloma,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Cailloma. 

Caylns,  kiHiice',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  4950. 

Cayman  Brae,  ki'min  brik,  the  easternmost  of  the 
group  called  Caymans,  West  Indies.  It  is  10  miles  long 
and  1  mile  wide,  low  in  the  W.,  but  high  and  rocky  to  the 
eastward.     It  is  well  wooded,  but  has  few  inhabitants. 

Cayman,  Lake,  of  Mexico.    See  Mapimi  Lake. 


Caymans,  ki-manz',  or  The  Caymans,  a  group  of 
3  islands  in  the  British  West  Indies,  150  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Jamaica,  of  which  they  are  politically  a  dependency.  The 
islands  (Grand  Cayman,  Little  Cayman,  and  Cayman  Brae) 
are  well  wooded  and  produce  much  turtle.  Area,  225  square 
miles.  Chief  town,  Boddentown.  Pop.  2500,  mostly  on 
Grand  Cayman. 

Caymites,  krmeet',  two  small  islands  in  the  West  In- 
dies, off  the  western  coast  of  Hayti,  called  the  Grand  and 
the  Little  Caymites.  Lat.  about  18°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'  W. 
A  bay  formed  by  the  larger  island  and  the  main  affords  safe 
and  commodious  anchorage. 

Caymito,  kl-mee'to,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, department  of  Panama,  enters  the  Bay  of  Panama,  10 
miles  W.  of  Chorrera. 

Cayo  Cocas,  ki'o  ko'kis,  an  island  belonging  to  Cuba, 
just  N.W.  of  Cayo  Romano.     Area,  28  square  miles. 

Cayo  Largo,  ki'o  laR'go,  a  fertile  island  in  the  Car- 
ibbean Sea,  belonging  to  Cuba.  It  is  situated  E.  of  the 
Isle  of  Pines,  and  has  an  area  of  32  square  miles. 

Cayor,  or  Kayor,  ki-oR',  a  maritime  state  of  North- 
western Africa,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal  and  Cape 
Verd.  It  produces  cotton,  indigo,  millet,  and  gums.  Its 
capital  is  Macaye,  on  the  Condamel,  in  lat.  15°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
16°  30'  W.  The  inhabitants  are  Joloffs  and  Mohammedans. 
Pop.  150,000. 

Cayo  Romano,  ki'o  ro-mfl,'no,  a  long,  narrow  island 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  chan- 
nel about  half  a  mile  wide;  length,  66  miles;  average 
breadth,  2^  miles;  area,  172  square  miles.  It  produces 
timber,  horses,  and  cattle.     It  belongs  to  Cuba. 

Cayote,  ki-yo'ti,  a  hamlet  of  Dawson  co.,  Neb.,  near 
the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  239 
miles  W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cayote  Creek,  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  enters  the  Stanis- 
laus River.     It  is  crossed  by  two  natural  bridges. 

Cayo  Verde,  ki'o  viR'di,  or  Green  Kay,  an  islet 
of  the  Bahama  group.     Lat.  22°  N.;  Ion.  75°  10'  W. 

Cayru,  kl-roo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  small  island  of 
the  same  name,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia.     Pop.  800. 

Cayster,  ki-is't^r  (Turk.  Kootchook'  Men'der,  i.e., 
"  little  Maeander"),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  after  a  westerly 
course  of  75  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Smyrna.  Near  its  mouth  are  the  ruins  of  Ephesus. 
Cayucos,  ki-yoo'koce,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-port  of 
San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  San  Luis  Obispo.     It  has  a  large  wharf. 

Cayu'ga,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  773  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  partly  on  the  W.  by  Cayuga  Lake, 
and  is  intersected  by  Seneca  River.  Among  its  physical 
features  is  Owasco  Lake,  about  10  miles  long.  The  shores 
of  Cayuga  and  Owasco  Lakes  present  beautiful  scenery. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  high  ridges 
and  deep  ravines ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  barley, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  productt^. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac,  are  found  here.  Gypsum,  Onondaga  limestone, 
corniferous  limestone,  and  other  rocks  of  the  Devonian  and 
Silurian  ages  are  abundant.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
two  branches  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  by  the 
Southern  Central  Railroad,  and  by  the  Erie  Canal;  and 
another  railroad  extends  along  the  E.  shore  of  Cayuga  Lake. 
Capital,  Auburn.  Pop.  in  1870,  59,550;  in  1880,  65,081; 
in  1890,  65,302. 

Cayuga,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pontiac,  and  87 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Cayuga,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour. 
Pop.  600. 

Cayuga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Vicksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cayuga,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  east- 
ern shore  of  Cayuga  Lake,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Cayuga 
Southern  Railroad,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  4  churches,  a  new  hotel, 
and  a  malt-house.  The  railroad  trains  here  cross  the  lake 
on  a  bridge  nearly  a  mile  long.  Steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween Cayuga  and  Ithaca.     Pop.  700. 

Cayuga,  the  chief  town  of  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  is 
situated  on  Grand  River,  and  on  two  railways,  25  miles  S. 
of  Hamilton.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  number 
of  stores  and  hotels,  and  issues  2  weekly  newspapers.  It 
has  a  large  export  trade  in  timber  and  grain.  Pop.  803. 
Cayuga  Creek,  New  York,  is  an  affluent  of  Buffalo 


i 


CAT 


829 


CED 


.V 


Creek.  It  rises  in  Wyoming  oo.,  runs  northwestward  in 
Erie  co.,  and  unites  with  another  branch  about  3  miies  S.E. 
«f  Buffalo. 

Cayuga  Heights,  Ontario.    See  Cainsville. 

Cayuga  Lake,  a  long,  deep,  and  beautiful  lake  of 
New  York,  forms  the  boundary  between  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
SOS.,  having  its  head  or  upper  end  at  Ithaca,  near  the  mid- 
dle of  Tompkins  oo.  It  is  38  miles  long,  and  has  an  aver- 
age width  of  2  miles,  the  greatest  breadth  being  about  3 
miles  and  the  greatest  ascertained  depth  390  feet.  Its  basin 
is  excavated  in  Silurian  and  Devonian  rocks,  and  its  banks 
are  mostly  perpendicular  cliffs,  which  are  from  10  to  60  feet 
high.  Numerous  deep  and  picturesque  ravines  have  been 
formed  by  the  streams  running  down  the  inclined  planes  or 
ridges  which  rise  on  each  side  of  the  lake  to  the  height  of 
600  feet.  The  surplus  water  is  discharged  by  an  outlet  which 
issues  from  the  northern  end  of  the  lake,  and  unites  with 
Clyde  River  to  form  the  Seneca  River.  Steamboats  ply 
daily  on  this  lake  between  Ithaca  and  Cayuga  Bridge. 

Cayu'ta,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira,  is  drained  by  Cayuta  Creek.  P.  669. 

Cayuta  Creek  rises  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  small 
lake  of  its  own  name.     It  runs  first  southeastward,  drains 

Earts  of  Chemung  and  Tioga  cos.,  and  enters  the  Susque- 
anna  River  in  Pennsylvania,  2  or  3  miles  above  Athens. 

Cayu'taville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hector  township,  9  miles  from  Havana.     It  has  a  church. 

Caywood,  ka'wood,  a  post-ofiSce  and  station  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta. 

Cazalla  de  la  Sierra,  k^-th&l'yS,  d&  1&  se-Sn'Ri,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Seville,  in 
;^he  Sierra  Morena.  Pop.  6852.  It  has  manufactures  of 
Unen,  and  numerous  religious  edifices  and  ruined  villas,  with 
Roman  and  Arabic  antiquities. 

Cazaubon,  ki^zo^bANo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  on 
the  Douze,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  2798. 

Ca'zaville,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec, 
«  miles  S.  of  St.  Anicet.     Pop.  100. 

Cazbin,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kasbin. 

Cazembe,  ki-zSm'be  (more  correctly  "The  Cazembe's 
Country," — Cazembe  being  the  title  of  its  chief,  himself 
the  vassal  of  the  Molua  king),  a  country  of  Africa,  little 
known  to  Europeans,  its  centre  being  near  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion. 
30°  E.  Manioc,  maize,  copper,  iron,  and  ivory  arc  among 
its  chief  products,  and  slaves  are  reported  to  be  sent  from 
it  to  the  Portuguese  colony  of  Angola.  Area,  about  1 20,000 
tquare  miles.     In  this  country  Livingstone  died  in  1S73. 

Caz^eno'via,  a  post-village  in  Cazenovia  township, 
'K'^oodford  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  22 
Ihiles  N.E.  of  Peoria,  and  132  miles  from  Chicago.     It  has 

church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  990. 

Cazenovia,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Cazenovia 
township,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  Cazenovia  Lake  and 
.  (bhittenango  Creek,  also  on  the  Syracuse,  Ontario  <fc  New 
York  Railroad,  and  on  the  Elmira,  Cortland  &  Northern 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  5  churches, 
2  banks,  the  Cazenovia  Seminary  (Methodist),  a  newsjiaper 
Office,  and  a  manufactory  of  sashes,  doors,  and  blinds. 
There  are  in  or  near  this  village  a  woollen-factory,  and 
Oeveral  other  mills.  Pop.  1987;  of  the  township,  4182. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  New  WiJodstock. 

Cazenovia,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Westford  township,  10  miles  W.  from  Reedsburg  Station, 
and  about  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  common  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  stoves. 

Cazenovia  (or  Cazenove)  Creek,  New  York,  runs 
northwestward  in  Erie  co.,  and  unites  with  Cayuga  Creek 
to  form  Buffalo  Creek. 

Cazenovia  Lake  is  in  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  and  is  3  or 
4  miles  long. 

Caz^res,  ki^zaiu',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Ga- 
ronne,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  35  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2633. 

Caz^res,  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  on  the  Adour, 
10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  1000. 

Cazes-Mondenard,  k&z^-m6N°M9h-naR',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Montauban. 
Pop.  3027. 

Cazorla,  k&-thoR'l&,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  41 
miles  E.  of  Jaen,  on  the  northern  slope  of  the  Sierra  Cazorla. 
It  is  well  built,  and  possesses  spacious  squares,  one  of  which 
is  adorned  with  a  fine  fountain.  The  town  and  court  houses 
are  large  and  well  constructed.  The  other  public  edifices  are 
a  parish  church,  a  hospital,  a  prison,  a  theatre,  and  various 
eonvents.  The  city  is  defended  by  two  castles,  both  in  good 
praservation.     In  the  environs,  watered  by  the  Vega,  are 


gardens  and  public  walks.     Cazorla  is  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity,  and  was  formerly  populous.     Pop.  4980. 

CazouIs-16s-B6ziers,ki^zool'-U-b4'ze-i',atownof 
France,  in  H^rault,  6  miles  N.W.  of  B^ziers.     Pop.  2840, 
Cazza,  kit'si,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, 14  miles  W.  of  the  island  of  Lagosta. 

Cazziola,  k&t-se-o']&,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  ia 
the  Adriatic,  4  miles  W.  of  the  island  of  Lagosta. 

Cea,  s4'4,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  2199. 

Cea,  thk'k,  a  small  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Leon,  and  falls  into  the  Esla  about  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Benavente,  after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Cea,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leon,  on  the 
river  of  same  name.     Pop.  52"4. 

Ceard,  ek^L-ri,',  Ciara,  or  Siar^,  se-&-r&',  a  mari- 
time state  in  the  N.  of  Brazil,  extending  between  lat.  2°  40' 
and  7°  25'  S.  and  Ion.  37°  40'  and  41°  30'  W.  Area,  40,253 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  on  the  W.  boundary  by  the 
Serra  Ibiapaba.  The  state  abounds  in  medicinal  plants, 
and  its  minerals  include  gold,  iron,  copper,  and  salt.  Capital, 
Fortaleza.     Pop.  (1888)  952,625. 

Ceara,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Fortaleza. 
Cearfoss,  keer'fiis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Hagerstown. 
Ceba,  the  ancient  name  of  Ceva. 
C^bazat,  sk'^hU'zi,',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me, 
5  miles  N.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2044. 
Cebenna,  or  Cebenna  Mons.    See  Cevennes. 
Cebolla,  or  Cevolla,  thi-vol'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  2? 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  2110. 

Cebolletta,  si^Bol-ySt'ti,  a  village  of  Valencia  co., 
New  Mexico,  40  miles  W.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  blankets. 

Cebreros,tha-bri'roce,  atown  of  Spain,  21  miles  S.S.B 
of  Avila,  on  the  Alberche.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather 
and  cloth,  and  trade  in  grain  and  wine.     Pop.  3201. 
Cebu,  a  city  of  the  Philippine  Islands.     See  Zebu. 
Ceccano,  chfik-ki'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.  of 
Frosinone,  on  the  Sacco.     Pop.  6999. 

Ce'cil,  a  county  which  is  the  N.E.  part  of  Maryland, 
and  is  situated  at  the  head  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  has  an  area 
of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Susquehanna  River  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  quarries  of  granite  at  Poit 
Deposit.  Tron,  chrome,  and  slate  are  also  found  in  it.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore 
Railroad  and  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal.  Capital, 
Elkton.  Pop.  in  1870,25,874;  in  1880,27,108;  in  1890, 
25,851. 

Cecil,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Tifton,  and  16  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Nash 
ville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop,  203. 

Cecil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  6  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Paulding.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a  tile- 
facto'ry,  and  a  stave-mill.     Pop.  348. 

Cecil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  W. 
of  Greer's.  It  has  2  churches.  Cecil  township  contains  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Reform  School,  and  a  pop.  of  1102. 
Cecil 'ian,  a  post- village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Elizabethtown.  It  contains  a  Catholic 
school,  called  Cecilian  College,  2  churches,  a  steam  mill,  Ac. 
Ceciliano,  chi-che-le-l'no,  a  village  of  Central  Italy, 
in  the  Sabine  Mountains,  8  miles  E.  of  Tivoli,  with  remains 
of  Cyclopean  walls  not  identified  with  any  known  city  of 
antiquity. 

Ce'cilton,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  44  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  or  3  miles  N.  of  Sassafras  River. 
It  has  3  churches  and  4  or  5  general  stores.     Pop.  462. 

Cecina,  chi-chce'nA  (anc.  CWi'iiw),  a  river  of  Italy, 
joins  the  Mediterranean  at  the  village  of  Cecina. 

Ceclavin,  thi-kli-veen',  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Caceres.  It  has  trade  in  fruit  and  grain,  and 
numerous  flour-mills.     Pop.  5300, 

Ce'dar,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cedar  River, 
and  the  Wapsipinicon  River  touches  its  N.E.  extremity. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies 
and  groves  of  the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut, 
and  other  trees;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
The  rocks  which  underlie  the  soil  are  Devonian  and  Upper 
Silurian  limestones,  covered  with  a  thick  deposit  of  drift. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern 


CED 


aso 


CED 


Railroad.  Capital,  Tipton.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,731  j  in  1880, 
18,936;  in  1890,  18,253. 

Cedar)  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  496  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Sao 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Sac  and  Horse  Creek. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  &o. ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the 
staple  products.  Carboniferous  limestone  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Stockton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9474;  in  1880,  10,741; 
in  1890,  15,620. 

Cedar^  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  735  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained  by  Big  Bow  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  The 
rocks  of  this  county  are  of  the  cretaceous  formation.  A 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha 
Railway  enters  the  county  in  the  S.E.,  and  runs  in  a  N.W. 
direction  as  far  as  Hartington,  the  capital,  and  another 
branch  connects  Randolph  in  this  county  with  Wayne. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1032;  in  1880,  2899;  in  1890,  7028. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  III.  Pop.  2153,  in- 
cluding a  part  of  Abingdon. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1109. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  635. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  331. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  496. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  369. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  737. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  939. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  843. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Lucas  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  755. 

Cedar,  a  post-township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     Pop.  1174.    It  contains  Fremont. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  934. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  734. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  383. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  290. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  917. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  883. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  200. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  795. 
It  contains  North  Cedar. 

Cedar,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  <fc  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Olathe. 

Cedar,  a  post-oflSce  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  487. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  745. 

Cedar,  a  post-ofiRce  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  75. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  M^nn.     Pop.  285. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.  Pop.  5020.  It 
contains  Ashland. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2453. 
It  contains  New  Bloomfield. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  788. 

Cedar,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  212  miles  W.  of  Ogden. 

Cedar,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Eureka  i, 
Palisade  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Cedar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Schulenburg  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Bayou,  bl'oo,  apost-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex., 
about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Cedar  Blnff,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Coosa  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Rome,  Ga. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  agricultural  implements. 

Cedar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Red  Cedar  River,  30  miles  below  Cedar  Rapids. 

Cedar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cedar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Tazewell  Court-House.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  some  woollen- 
mills,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Cedar  Bluffs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Beaver  Creek,  60  miles  N.  of  Buffalo  Railroad  Station. 

Cedar  Bluffs,  a  post- village  of  Saunders  co..  Neb., 
13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Wahoo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ce'darburg,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Cedarburg  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Milwaukee 
Biver,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  N. 


of  Milwaukee.  It  has  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  mano. 
factures  of  cassimeres,  flannels,  gloves,  shawls,  sash,  <feo., 
also  valuable  stone-quarries.     Pop.  of  township,  2644. 

Cedar  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn. 

Cedar  City,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  ii  on 
the  Missouri  River,  near  the  mouth  of  Cedar  Creek,  and  on 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  of 
Jefferson  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Cedar  City,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Utah,  is  on  the 
rim  of  the  Great  Basin,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Parowan. 

Cedar  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Cedar  Creek,  Alabama,  drains  part  of  Lowndes  co.. 
runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Alabama  River  in  Dallas  co. 

Cedar  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southeastward,  drains 
parts  of  De  Kalb  and  Noble  cos.,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph 
River  in  Allen  oo.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is 
nearly  50  miles  long. 

Cedar  Creek,  Iowa,  drains  parts  of  Lucas,  Monroe, 
and  Marion  cos.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Des 
Moines  River  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Cedar  (or  Big  Cedar)  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Wapello  and  Jefferson  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Skunk  River  in  Henry  co.,  7  miles  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 
It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Cedar  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  southward,  forms  the 
entire  boundary  between  Boone  and  Callaway  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Missouri  River  about  1  mileabove  Jefferson  City. 

Cedar  Creek,  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  runs  nearly  eastward, 
and  enters  Barnegat  Bay. 

Cedar  Creek,  South  Carolina,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  Chesterfield  and  Darlington  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Great  Pedee  River. 

Cedar  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Kaufman  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Trinity  River  in  Henderson  co.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Athens.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Cedar  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Shenandoah  co.,  runs 
mostly  N.E.,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah 
River  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Strasburg.  Cedar  Creek  Station 
(Post-office,  Meadow  Mills)  is  on  the  Winchester  A  Stras- 
burg Railroad,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's  Ferrj'.  In  this 
vicinity  occurred  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  October  19, 
1864,  between  the  Union  forces  under  General  Sheridan 
and  the  Confederates  under  General  Early. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Ark.,  12 
miles  ^direct)  S.E.  of  Waldron. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  Dela- 
ware Bay  and  the  Milford  &  Junction  Railroad.     Pop.  3544. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  township  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1713.     It  contains  Leo. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Eel  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.  It  is  on 
a  creek  of  the  same  name. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
S.  by  the  Kankakee  River.     Pop.  1326. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hope  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  ot  Kalamazoo.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Cedar  Creek,  township,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  248. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  about 
9  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Forsyth. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
379.     (Post-offiee,  Brunot.) 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Plattsmouth.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  200. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  station  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  Platte 
River,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad. 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plattsmouth. 

Cedar  Creek,  or  Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  2  miles  from  Barnegat 
Bay,  and  on  Toms  River  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Toms  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel.  Here  is 
Cedar  Creek  Post-Office. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C, 
in  Cedar  Creek  township,  on  the  Cape  Fear  River,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 2358. 

Cedar  Creek,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.     P.  1505. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  1" 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Greeneville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Washing- 
ton, 4  miles  N.  of  Palouse. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Wis., 
in  Polk  township,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  hai 
a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 


CED 


831 


OED 


Cedar  Creek  Landing,  a  post-offioe  of  Perry  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Cedar  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Decatur. 

Cedar  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Minden  City,  and  11  miles  (direct)  N. 
by  E.  of  Sanilac  Centre. 

Cedar  Dale,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Oshawa.  It  contains  a  scythe-,  hoe-,  and 
fork-factory.     Pop.  260. 

Cedar  Falls,  a  city  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  is  on  the 
Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  <fe  Kansas  City, 
the  Illinois  Central,  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroads,  99  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  93  miles  E. 
of  Fort  Dodge,  and  60  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It 
has  14  churches,  a  state  normal  school  and  graded  public 
sohools,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  3  flouring-mills, 
an  oatmeal-mill,  a  saw-mill  for  which  the  river  affords 
motive  power,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  pumps,  paper, 
(fco.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
In  1890,  3459. 

Cedar  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  township, 
Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  on  Deep  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Greens- 
borough.     It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  &c.     Pop.  200. 

Cedar  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  in 
Taintor  township,  on  Red  Cedar  or  Menomonee  River, 
about  5  miles  above  Menomonee,  and  3  miles  from  Meno- 
monee Station.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill  and  2  stores. 

Cedar  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  22 

iles  (direct)  S.  of  Eldorado. 

Cedar  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  15 

ilea  (direct)  W.  of  Union. 

Cedar  Fork,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1533. 
'.t  contains  Brassfield's. 

Cedar  Fork,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Claiborne  co., 
'enn.,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown. 

Cedar   Gap,  a  post- village   of  Wright  co.,  Mo.,  10 

iles  by  rail  AV.  of  Macomb,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Ilart- 
ille.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Cedar  Glades,  a  post-village   of  Montgomery  co., 

rk.,  21  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Ida,     It  has  2 

arches.     Pop.  100. 

Cedai    Grove,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  10 

iles  W.  of  Lafayette,  and  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chatta- 
looga.     It  has  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,on 

e  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Whitewater 

alley  Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
ihurches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  station  in  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 

ottonwood  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe 

ilroad,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Topeka. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-oflBce  of  Sabine  parish,  La. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 

miles   from   Germantown    Railroad  Station.     It   has  2 

urches  and  an  academy. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  station  on  the  Milton  Branch  of  the 
Id  Colony  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.  of  the  initial  station  in 

oston,  Mass. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss.,  14 

lies  W.N.W.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  172. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
laldwell  township,  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake 

ailroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  cotton- 

etory  and  a  brush-factory. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,  in 

edar  Grove  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Hillsborough.     It  has 

churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2047. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  10 

iles  S.W.  of  Logan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C., 
,bout  17  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Laurens  Court-House. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  station  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  tfie 
Memphis  &  LouisVille  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.of  Memphis. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Kaufman.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Winchester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  38 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Rouge  River,  4  miles  from  Markham.     Pop.  150. 

Cedar  Grove  mills,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va. 


Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  oo.,  Os.,  18 
miles  from  Buford  Station.     It  has  a  ohnroh. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-offioe  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Mo. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  oo.,  Neb. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  about  8  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  a  choroh, 
2  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  eo.,  N.C,  13  milet 
N.  of  Wadesborough. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  ■ 
branch  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  small  village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  B.C.,  2 
miles  from  Greer's  Station  of  the  Air-Line  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church,  a  cotton -factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  18  milee 
S.W.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church  and  18  families. 

Cedar  Hollow,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Cedar  Island,  near  the  entrance  to  Sag  Harbor,  N.Y., 
has  a  light-house,  lat.  41°  2'  26"  N.,  Ion.  72°  15'  19"  W. 

Cedar  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Olathe.  It  has  several  church  organizations  and 
a  district  school.     Pop.  300. 

Cedar  Key  Bay ,  an  open  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Flor- 
ida, in  Levy  co.,  imnieiliately  S.  of  Wacasassa  Bay.  It 
receives  the  Withlaeoochee  River. 

Cedar  Keys,  a  post-village  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  Way 
Key  and  Atsena  Otie  Key,  on  the  gulf  coast,  1 55  miles  from 
Fernandina,  and  about  124  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  is 
the  southwest  terminus  of  the  Atlantic,  Gulf  &  West  India 
Transit  Railroad,  and  is  the  principal  distributing  point 
for  the  gulf  coast  of  Florida.  The  keys  are  connected  by  a 
ferry.  It  has  4  churches,  1  or  2  hotels,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  cedar  pencils.  Pop. 
440.  Cedar  Key  light-house,  on  Seahorse  Key,  is  in  lat.  29° 
5'  49"  N.,  Ion.  83°  4'  46"  W. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Crown  Point.     It  has  about  20  houses. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad, 
54  miles  W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
shingle-mill. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  station  in  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Minneapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  in 
the  midst  of  a  circle  of  fine  lakes.  Here  are  a  mineral  spring 
and  a  large  summer  hotel. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  35 
miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  803. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Vineland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Vineland. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  la 
Litchfield  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Clayville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  oo.,  Wis. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Cigby  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
14  miles  N.  of  Yarmouth.     Pop.  150. 

Cedar  Lane,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  East  Earl  township,  on  the  Waynesburg  Branch 
Railroad. 

Cedar  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Cedar  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  post-township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Litchfield.     Pop.  252.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.  P.  1708. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Denison.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour 
mill,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Cedar  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of 
Albia.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Cedar  Mountain,  a  post-offioe  of  Transylvania  co., 
N.C,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Greenville,  S.C 

Cedar  Mountain,  a  locality  in  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  W.  of  Mitchell's  Station.  Here  General  Banks  waa 
defeated  by  the  Confederates,  Aug.  9,  1862. 

Cedar  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  in  Africa,  Capo 
Colony,  extending  from  lat.  31°  57'  to  32°  24'  S.,  and  nearly 
along  the  meridian  of  19°  E.  They  are  of  remarkably  pic- 
turesque appearance,  with  peaks  varying  from  1600  to  5000 
feet  above  sea-level. 


(JED 


832 


CED 


Cedar  Plains^  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hontsville.  It  has  an  academy 
and  several  churches. 

Cedar  Point,  a  station  in  Elbert  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Great  Divide,  77  miles 
S.E.  of  Denver. 

Cedar  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  near 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  about  38  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Emporia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Point,  a  post-village  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Luray.  It  has  several  church  organizations, 
and  a  chair-  and  furniture-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Rapids,  a  city  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Rail- 
road, 81  miles  W.  of  Clinton,  79  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque, 
and  98  miles  N.N.W.  of  Burlington.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
river  here.  This  city  has  increased  rapidly  since  1860. 
It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  has  2  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  the  Coe  Collegiate  Institute,  a  busi- 
ness college,  12  churches,  4  grist-mills,  2  large  breweries, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  carriages,  and  agricultural 
implements  and  machines,  and  printing-ofiSces  which  issue 
a  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  and  1  monthly  and  2 
semi-monthly  journals.  The  rapids  of  the  river  furnish 
motive  power  for  several  mills.  Pop.  in  1860,  1830  j  in 
1870,  5940;  in  1880,  10,104;  in  1890,  18,020. 

Cedar  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Cedar  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  5 
miles  from  Dalton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  (or  Red  Cedar)  River,  Michigan,  rises  in 
Livingston  co.,  runs  nearly  westward  in  Ingham  co.,  and 
enters  the  Grand  River  at  Lansing.     Length,  60  miles. 

Cedar  (or  Red  Cedar)  River  rises  in  the  S.  part 
of  Minnesota,  and  runs  southward  through  Mower  county 
into  the  state  of  Iowa.  Its  general  direction  is  S.S.E.  It 
intersects  the  counties  of  Mitchell,  Floyd,  Bremer,  Black 
Hawk,  Benton,  Linn,  and  Cedar,  in  Iowa.  Having  reached 
a  point  only  9  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River,  it  turns 
abruptly  and  runs  southwestward  through  Muscatine  county, 
and  enters  the  Iowa  River  at  Columbus  Junction.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  400  miles.  It  runs  through  undulating 
prairies  remarkable  for  fertility. 

Cedar  River,  a  station  in  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Muscatine  division  of  the  Burlington  A  Cedar  Rapids  Rail- 
road, near  the  Cedar  River,  and  11  miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Cedar  Rock,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C., 
22  miles  E.  of  Pranklinton  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  1112. 

Cedar  Run,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich. 

Cedar  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Statesville. 

Cedar  Run,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Cedar  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

Cedar  Run,  Virginia,  rises  in  Fauquier  co.,  flows  E., 
and  unites  with  13road  Run  3  miles  E.  of  Brentsville. 

Cedars,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  29  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Montreal.  The 
Cedar  Rapids  are  nearly  opposite  the  village.     Pop.  300. 

Ce'darsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va., 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Quinnimont.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

Cedar  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  a  church,  and  an 
institution  for  the  education  of  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind, 
founded  by  the  state  in  1855. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  mill  and  a  general  store. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Arlington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
Bchool. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about 
(5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Scottsville. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  and  several 
lumber-mills,  shingle-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  1035. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on 
Fishing  Creek,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Cedar  Springs,  township,  Abbeville  oo.,  S.C,   P.  1503. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  14  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Jasper.  It  has  a  general 
store. 

Cedar  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  borders  of 
Smyth  and  Wythe  cos.,  Va.,  10  miles  direct  E.S.E.  of 
Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100. 


Cedar  Town,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Qa., 
19  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Rome.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  furniture- 
factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  brick.     Pop.  1625. 

CeMarvale',  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Jefi'erson  township,  on  Big  Caney  Creek,  16  miles  W.  of 
Sedan.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cedarvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Cedar  River,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Tipton,  and  4  miles 
E.  of  Plato.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  oo..  Mo.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Springfield.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cedar  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Cedar  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wooster.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cedar  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Austin. 

Cedar  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  14 
miles  W.  of  Lehi.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Cedar  View,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Va. 

Ce'darville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Macon  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Ark.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Van  Buren.  It  has  3  churches  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  190  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Reno,  Nevada.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Cedarville,  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in 
Buckeye  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Freeport.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  public  hall.     Pop.  326. 

Cedarville,  a  post- village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  in  Cedar  Creek  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River,  48  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Beloit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  flouring-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Cedarville,  township,  Menominee  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  242. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  ia 
Cedar  township,  on  Cedar  Lake,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  St. 
James  Railroad  Station. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sherman  co..  Neb.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Cedar\'ille,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  A  Port  Norris  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Bridge- 
ton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  common  schools,  a  flour-  and 
feed-mill,  a  carriage-  and  a  harness-factory. 

Cedarville,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Columbia  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has 
1  or  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  cheese -factory,  and  about  50 
families.  Cedarville  Station  is  on  the  Richfield  Springi 
Branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Richfield  Springs. 

Cedarville,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  and  on 
the  little  Miami  Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus, 
and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Xenia.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  limestone  quarries, 
flour-  and  saw-uiills,  and  manufactures  of  brick.     P.  1355. 

Cedarville,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  2  miles  below  Belpre.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
post-office  named  Rockland.     Pop.  about  140. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  North 
Coventry  township,  2  miles  from  Pottstown.   It  has  a  church. 

Cedarville,  a  village  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Whitehall  township,  4  miles  W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Here  is  South  Whitehall  Post- 
Uffice. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Riverton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
church,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedarville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chehalis  co..  Wash.,  on 
the  Chehalis  River,  4  miles  N.AV.  of  Oakville.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Albany. 

Ce'dron,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  about 
19  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Lincoln,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  of  Cedron  township,  538. 

Cedron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 


CEF 


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CEL 


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Cefal^)  ohA-f4-loo'  (ano.  Cephalee'dlum),  a  town  of 
Sioily,  44  miles  (by  road  50  miles)  E.S.E.  of  Palermo,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island.  Pop.  10,194.  It  stands  at  the 
foot  of  a  lofty  conical  mountain,  on  which  are  the  ruins  of 
an  ancient  Phoenician  edifice  and  a  Saracenic  castle.  Its 
port  is  small,  and  its  trade  inconsiderable.  In  its  vicinity 
are  rich  marble-quarries.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
grand  cathedral,  a  museum,  and  a  large  fishery. 

Cegama,  thk-gk'mk,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Gui- 
puzcoa,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Tolosa. 

Ceglie^  chil'yi,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecoe,  27 
miles  W.  of  Brindisi.  It  has  numerous  churches  and  2 
annual  fairs.     Pop.  11,990. 

Cehegin^  thi-i-neen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Murcia.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper, 
and  commerce  in  wine  and  fruits.     Pop.  6200. 

Ceicer-de-Mer,  si'saia'-d^h-maiR,  an  island  off  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Cochin  China,  41  miles  S.  of  Ceicer-de-Terre. 
It  is  about  5  miles  long. 

Ceicer-de-Terre,  si^saiR'-d§h-taiR,  a  small  island  off 
the  S.E.  coast  of  Cochin  China,  called  by  the  natives  Hon- 
Cau,  lies  in  lat.  11°  13'  N.,  Ion.  108"  48'  E. 

Ceilhes,  s&^li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Herault,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Montpellier,  on  the  Orbe.     Pop.  964. 
iCeiram,  a  Malay  island.     See  Cerah. 
Celano,  ch^-li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Aquila,  near  the  former  bed  of  Lake  Fuoino. 
Pop.  5908. 
,€elano,  Lake,  South  Italy.    See  Fucine  Lake. 

elanova,  thi-li-no'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  S. 
Orense,  with  a  Benedictine  monastery.  Pop.  1300. 
~  elaya,  a  city  of  Mexico.  See  Zelaya. 
el'bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the 
'ey,  12  miles  W.  of  Dublin.  It  contains  a  church,  a  work- 
.se,  a  hospital,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop.  1391. 
[Celebes,  s51'e-bes  (native,  Negree-Orang-Boogis,  and 
Tana-IioogiH,  or  Tanah-MangkeHner,  contracted  into 
caaaar),  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Borneo  on  the  W.  and  the  Moluccas  on  the  E.,  extending 
from  lat.  1°  45'  N.  to  5°  52'  S.  and  from  Ion.  118°  45'  to 
125°  17'  E.  Area,  71,791  square  miles.  Celebes  is  prop- 
erly the  name  of  the  E.  part  only,  and  Macassar  of  the  W. 
It  mainly  consists  of  four  large  peninsulas,  stretching  to 
the  E.  and  S.  and  separated  by  three  deep  gulfs.  Of  these 
peninsulas,  that  of  Menado  on  the  N.  sweeps  E.  and  N.E. 
for  400  miles,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  12  to  60  miles; 
that  of  Bulante,  on  the  E.,  is  160  miles  long,  and  from  30 
to  95  miles  broad ;  the  S.E.  peninsula  has  about  the  same 
length  and  breadth  as  the  latter ;  and  that  of  Macassar,  on 
the  S.W.,  forms  a  parallelogram,  200  miles  long  and  65  miles 
broad.  They  are  all  formed  by  chains  of  mountains  run- 
ning from  a  common  central  territory,  150  miles  long  and 
105  miles  broad.  The  Gulf  of  Tominie  or  Goonong-Tella,  on 
the  N.E.,  is  240  miles  long,  and  widens  from  55  miles  at  its 
mouth  to  100  miles  at  its  farther  extremity ;  that  of  To- 
maiki  or  Tolo,  on  the  E.,  has,  on  the  contrary,  a  wide 
mouth  and  narrow  upper  end ;  and  that  of  Macassar  or 
Boni,  on  the  S.,  washes  the  E.  side  of  Macassar  for  200 
miles,  and  varies  in  breadth  from  35  to  80  miles.  Celebes 
abounds  in  the  most  picturesque  and  varied  scenery  and 
the  most  beautiful  and  magnificent  tropical  vegetation. 
The  northern  part  of  the  country  has  many  active  volcanoes. 
Mountains,  Lakes,  and  Rivers, — Lampoo-Batang  is  reck- 
oned the  highest  mountain  in  Celebes,  being  about  11,000 
feet  high.  The  largest  lake  is  supposed  to  be  in  the  central 
part  of  the  island.  But  the  most  important  is  that  of  Tapara- 
karaja  or  Labaya,  in  the  S.W.  It  communicates  W.  by 
navigable  streams  with  the  sea,  and  E.  with  the  Gulf  of 
Boni,  and  is  the  seat  of  an  early  native  civilization  which 
Bent  its  ramifications  over  the  whole  archipelago.  The 
largest  river,  the  Chinrana,  flows  from  that  lake,  and  is 
navigable  for  European  vessels  for  some  distance,  and  by 
the  native  prahus  as  far  as  the  lake.  On  the  S.  coast  there 
are  many  rivers  navigable  for  some  miles  from  the  sea. 

Climate,  Mineralogy,  &c. — Though  cut  by  the  equator, 
and  wholly  under  the  torrid  zone,  Celebes  is  thought  re- 
markably healthy,  the  natives  often  enjoying  a  vigorous 
old  age,  and  Europeans  living  longer  than  anywhere  else 
in  the  East.  Its  extreme  heats  are  tempered  by  the  sea- 
breezes,  by  rains,  and  by  the  north  winds  that  prevail  for 
part  of  the  year.  The  east  monsoon  lasts  from  May  to  No- 
vember, and  the  west  during  the  remaining  months.  The 
soil  generally  consists  of  a  bed  of  vegetable  mould,  from  1 0 
to  20  feet  thick,  lying  on  decomposing  volcanic  d6bris.  Gold 
is  found  in  the  northern  peninsula,  which  is  often  convulsed 
by  earthquakes,  and  abounds  in  sulphur.  Copper  of  good 
luality  occurs  at  various  points,  and  in  Macassar  tin  also. 


Diamonds  are  sometimes  found,  and  precious  ston«8   ar« 

carried  down  in  the  torrents. 

The  island  is  entirely  destitute  of  the  large  carnivorous 
animals,  nor  has  it  the  elephant,  thu  rhinoceros,  or  the  tapir. 
Deer  and  wild  hogs  abound,  with  the  babyroussa,  and  herds 
of  antelopes.  Pouched  animals,  unknown  in  the  Sunda 
Islands,  here  first  occur,  also  a  singular  ruminating  animal, 
the  Anoa  depressicornis.  The  Tarsius  spectrum  hides  itself 
in  the  moist  woods  of  the  plains,  and  is  held  in  superstitious 
awe  by  the  natives.  Here  are  found  the  chameleon  and  the 
flying  dragon.  Among  the  serpents  are  the  python,  30  feet 
long,  and  the  cobra  de  capello.  Among  domesticated  ani- 
mals are  horses,  buffaloes,  goats,  sheep,  and  pigs. 

Dense  woods  clothe  the  mountain-sides ;  and  in  these  are 
found  the  oak,  the  teak,  the  cedar,  the  upas,  the  clove-  and 
nutmeg-trees,  the  sago  and  other  palms,  the  pepper-vine, 
the  sandal-wood,  the  mango,  the  banana,  the  silk-cotton 
tree,  the  badeau,  from  which  the  Macassar  oil  is  extracted, 
fustic-wood,  ebony,  the  betel-nut  tree,  and  ginger  plant. 
Among  plants  requiring  cultivation  are  the  coffee-tree,  in- 
digo, cacao,  sugar-cane,  the  manioc  root,  benzoin,  and  to- 
bacco.    Mountain  rice  is  cultivated,  and  also  maize. 

The  Alfooras  of  the  interior  have  been  driven  inwards 
by  invaders  of  the  coasts.  But  by  far  the  finest  race  in 
Celebes  are  the  Boogis,  supjjosed  to  have  come  originally 
from  Borneo.  Like  the  Dyaks,  they  are  a  handsome  race, 
physically  resembling  the  Polynesians  more  than  the  Malays, 
to  which  last  they  are  far  superior  in  point  of  honesty,  energy 
of  character,  and  general  conduct. 

The  more  civilized  inhabitants  profess  Mohammedanism. 
Several  independent  nations  inhabit  Celebes,  and  theu 
most  usual  form  of  government  is  the  federal  and  republi- 
can, combined  with  the  monarchical  and  elective  principle. 
The  native  princes  recognize  the  authority  of  the  Dutch, 
who  have  had  a  footing  in  Celebes  ever  since  they  expelled 
the  Portuguese,  in  1660,  with  the  exception  of  the  four 
years'  occupation  by  the  British.  Much  public  respect  is 
paid  to  women,  and  they  occasionally  reign  as  queens. 

In  1512  the  Portuguese  found  but  few  Mohammedans; 
and  it  was  not  until  a  century  afterwards  that  Moslemism 
was  generally  adopted.  The  Dutch  missionaries  have 
Christianized  a  small  percentage  of  the  natives.  The  pop- 
ulation is  thought  to  be  about  850,000. 

The  Celebks  Ska  is  that  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  which 
is  enclosed  by  Celebes' on  the  S.,  Borneo  on  the  W.,  the 
Sooloo  Islands  and  Mindanao  on  the  N.,  and  a  number  of 
small  islands  on  the  E. 

Celeia,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria.     See  Cilly. 

Celeuza,  chi-lAn'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  3877. 

Celenza,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  1874. 

Celeste',  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Celestial  Mountains.    See  Thian-Shan. 

Cel'estine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  about  34 
miles  N.  of  Cannelton.     It  has  a  church. 

Calethrum,  or  Celetrum.    See  Kastoria. 

Celeusum,  the  supposed  nncient  name  of  Kelheim. 

Celi'lo,  a  post-station  in  Wasco  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  14  miles  above  The  Dalles, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railroad. 

Celi'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  about  22 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cannelton. 

Celina,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  W.  of 
Salem. 

Celina,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Wabash  River,  66  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Dayton.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  4  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
2702. 

Celina,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn.,  is  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Obey's 
River,  about  77  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  church,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  250. 

Ceila,  ohSrii,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  902. 

Cella;,  the  ancient  name  of  Chelles. 

Celle,  tsfil'l^h,  or  Zell,  tsSl,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  on  the  AUer,  which  here  becomes  navigable,  23 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hanover.  It  is  well  built  and  paved, 
and  has  several  churches,  an  old  castle,  a  gymnasium,  and 
manufactures  of  wafers,  chiccory,  linen,  hosiery,  soap,  to- 
bacco, brandy,  and  yarn.  In  its  castle  park  is  the  mauso- 
leum of  Matilda,  Queen  of  Denmark.  Pop.  16,126.  Gellb 
or  Zelle  (signifying,  probably,  "cell")  is  the  name  of  nn 
merous  communes  and  villages  in  Germany,  France,  Ao 


CEL 


834 


CEN 


Celle,  chSl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Savona.     Pop.  1971. 

Cell^y  a  river  of  France.     See  Selle. 

CttUerfeld,  a  town  of  Hanover.     See  Zellerfeld. 

CellinO)  chSl-Ie'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Te- 
ramo,  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3660. 

Cellino,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Lecce.     Pop,  1391. 

Cellio,  chel'le-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4i  miles 
S.E.  of  Varallo.     Pop.  3061. 

Ce'lo,  a  post-oflSce  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Celorico,  si-lor'e-ko,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Guarda,  near  the  Serra  Estrella.    Pop.  2333. 

Celsa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Solsona. 

Cembalo,  a  former  name  of  Balaklava. 

Cembra,  tsfim'bri,  a  town  of  Austria,  9  miles  N.E.  by 
N.  of  Trent,  on  the  Avisio.     Pop.  1701. 

Cem'ent,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  11  milei 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Cartersville.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
hydraulic-cement  works,  and  manufactures  of  barrel-hoops 
and  lumber.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ceiu'entville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jefferson,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  Five  Mile 
Station,  5  miles  N.  of  Jefferson  ville.  It  has  a  cement- 
faotory. 

Cem'etery,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  San  Jose. 

Cemetery,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Andover  &  Lowell  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Lowell. 

Cemetery,  a  station  on  the  Rensselaer  <fc  Saratoga 
Railroad,  in  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Cemmaes,  k5m'4-fis,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  .>  ont- 
gomery,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Machynlleth. 

Cenchreae,  the  ancient  name  of  Kenkbis. 

Ceneda,  chi-ni'di  (anc.  Cene'tu),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  22  miles  N.  of  Treviso.  Pop.  8200.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  citadel  and  a  cathedral,  with  sulphur 
springs,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  woollens,  and  paper. 

Cenia,  thi'ne-8,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Tarra- 
gona, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  2550. 

Cenis,  Mout.    See  Mont  Cenis. 

Cenomani,  the  ancient  name  of  Le  Mans. 

Cenomania,  the  supposed  Latin  name  of  Maine. 

Cenon-ia-Bastide,  s^h^nftN^'-li-bisHeed',  a  village 
of  France,  Gironde,  on  the  Girondej  opposite  Bordeaux,  of 
which  it  forms  a  part.     Pop.  6817. 

Centallo,  chSn-t^l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Coni,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Grana. 
The  remains  of  its  walls,  towers,  and  castle  attest  its  former 
importance.     Pop.  4887. 

Cen'tenary,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Centen'nial,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  a  public  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cigars.     Pop.  120. 

Centennial,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Shreveport. 

Centennial,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va, 

Centennial,  a  post-office  and  gold-mining  camp  of 
Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  30  miles  W.  of  Laramie  City. 

Center.     For  names  not  given  below,  see  Centre. 

Center,  or  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby 
CO.,  Tex.,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  court-house, 
a  high  school,  3  stores,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  450. 

Center,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Center,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Center  town- 
ship, 8  miles  W.  of  Janesville.  The  township  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  1041. 

Centerville.    See  Centreville. 

Cento,  chfin'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bologna,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Reno.  Pop. 
19,180.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the  painter  Guercino,  whose 
house  is  preserved  without  alteration.  The  Canal  of  Cento, 
30  miles  in  length,  passes  this  town,  and  connects  Bologna 
with  Ferrara. 

Centorbi,  chSn-toR'bee,  or  Centuripe,  chSn-too'ree- 
pi  (anc.  Centu'n'pee  or  Centu'Hpi),  a  town  of  Sicily,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Catania,  on  a  rugged  mountain.  Pop.  7526. 
Around  it  are  ruins  of  Centuripx,  and  great  numbers  of 
antique  gems,  coins,  and  vases  are  here  found. 

Cento'ria,  a  village  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Cen'tral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  near  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  has  several  general  stores. 

Central,  a  post-village  in  St.  James  parish.  La.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Houma.  It  has  6  churches,  a  convent, 
»nd  an  academy.    Pop.  300. 


Central,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1789, 

Central,  a  post-township  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  8  churches,  and  manufacture! 
of  flour,  wine,  cigars,  baskets,  Ac.  Here  are  forests  of  the 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak.     Pop.  8923. 

Central,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Pa. 

Central,  a  station  in  Garvin  township,  Pickens  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air- Line  Railroad,  7  milea 
N.E.  of  Seneca  City,  S.C.     It  has  2  churches. 

Central  Academy,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co..  Miss. 

Central  America,  a  name  applied  by  geographers  to 
that  part  of  the  North  American  continent  which  lies  be- 
tween the  Isthmus  of  Panama  and  that  of  Tehuantepec. 
It  includes  the  Spanish-American  republics  of  Guatemala, 
Honduras,  Salvador,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica,  and  the 
colony  of  British  Honduras  (Balize),  with  a  small  part  of 
the  state  of  Panama,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia;  and 
the  state  of  Chiapa,  as  well  as  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan 
(both  Mexican),  is  geographically  united  to  it.  Indeed, 
some  writers  regard  Mexico  as  a  whole  as  forming  a  part  of 
Central  America.  In  the  narrower  sense.  Central  America 
is  an  irregular  mass  of  land  lying  between  the  Caribbean  Sea 
on  the  E.  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  S.W.,  and  having 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  N.W.  and  N.  It  is  a  mountain- 
ous region,  with  many  high  plateaus  of  limited  extent,  and 
containing  many  volcanoes.  Earthquakes  are  not  infre- 
quent. The  climate  is  hot  and  moist,  but  in  the  highland 
regions  is  much  better  than  near  the  sea.  A  large  part  of 
the  land  is  covered  with  dense  timber.  The  people  are 
chiefly  of  the  Indian  and  Hispano-Indian  stock.  Agricul- 
ture is  a  leading  pursuit.  Chief  products,  cacao,  indigo, 
coffee,  india-rubber,  mahogany,  sarsaparilla,  hides,  deer- 
skinsy  fruits,  tortoise-shell,  Ac.  The  progress  of  these  coun- 
tries has  been  much  hindered  by  frequent  political  revolu- 
tions. The  mineral  wealth  is  considerable,  but  is  not  much 
developed.  Gold  is  wrought  in  Costa  Rica,  Nicaragua,  and 
elsewhere,  but  coffee-planting  is  the  only  occupation  in 
which  much  capital  is  invested.  (See  names  of  the  partic- 
ular countries  above  enumerated.) 

Central  Bedeque,  be-daik',  a  village  in  Prince  co., 
Prince  Edward  Island,  9  miles  from  Summerside.    Pop.  125. 

Central  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Schoharie  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cobleskill,  and 
on  the  Albany  <fe  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junction  cf 
the  Schoharie  Valley  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and 
4  or  6  miles  N.  of  Schoharie.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  agricultural  implements. 

Central  Chebogue,  she-bog',  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  2\  miles  from  Yarmouth.     P.  400. 

Central  City,  a  village  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  30 
miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Central  City,  the  capital  of  Gilpin  co.,  Colorado,  is 
situated  in  a  narrow  valley  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Snowj 
Range,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Denver.  Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from 
its  gold-mines,  which  are  very  rich.  The  Gregory  lode, 
which  crops  out  near  the  lower  end  of  this  city,  was  the  first 
discovered  in  Colorado,  and  has  been  worked  ever  since  with 
profit.  This  city  has  an  opera-house,  several  quartz-mills, 
8  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  6  churches.  One  daily  and 
1  or  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2480. 

Central  City,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Centralia,  and  1  mile 
S.  of  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  Branch.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  schools.     Pop.  304. 

Central  City,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.,  on  the 
Wapsipinicon  River,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  467. 

Central  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
8  miles  W.  of  Garnett.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church. 

Central  City,  a  post-town  of  Muhlenberg  co.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Greenville.  It  has  several  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  1144. 

Central  City,  a  post  village  of  Putnam  oo.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Unionville.     It  has  a  church. 

Central  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Merrick  co., 
Neb.,  on  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Lone  Tree  Station,  132  miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  6 
churches,  3  banks,  and  4  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1368. 

Central  City,  a  post-office  and  mining  town  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  280  miles  S.W.  of 
Bismarck.  It  has  a  bank,  a  daily  newspaper,  and  a  quartz- 
mill  for  gold,  which  is  mined  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  619. 

Central  College,  Ohio.    See  Amalthea. 

Central  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.O.* 
6  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Ashborough. 


CEN 


835 


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Central  F^alls^  a  post-village  of  Providence  oo.,  R.I., 
on  the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the  Providence  &  Worces- 
ter Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  newspaper  oflBce,  cotton-,  woollen-,  silk-  and  hair-cloth- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  leather,  Ac,  for 
which  the  river  furnishes  water-power.     Pop.  11,435. 

Central  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  16 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Centra'lia,  a  city  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  113  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Cairo,  252  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  66  miles  E. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  11  churches,  2  banks,  a  nail-mill, 
fruit-box  factories,  a  knitting-factory,  coal-mines,  a  high 
school,  and  railroad  machine-  and  repair-shops.  One  daily 
and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  peaches  are  sent  hence  to  market.     Pop.  4763. 

Centralia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  W,  by  S.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  62 
miles  by  rail  VV.  by  N.  from  Atchison,  and  about  10  miles 
8.  by  W.  from  Seneca.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flax-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  534. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Boone  oo..  Mo.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.N.  W.  of  Mexico,  and  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbia. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
creamery,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1890, 1275. 

Centralia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Maysville.  It  has  several  church  organizations, 
a  graded  school,  a  basket-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  150. 

Centralia,  a  post-borough  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Ash- 
land, 12  miles  W.  of  Mahanoy  City,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Danville.  It  has  4  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by 
operations  in  coal,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1342. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 
E.  of  Lovelady  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chehalis.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  1 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  soda 
water,  pumps,  Ac,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  2026. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  nearly  opposite  Grand  Rapids,  and  on  the 
Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Green  Bay 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Tomah.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  shingles,  pails,  furniture,  and  staves.     Pop.  800, 

Centralia,  orDev'on,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co., 
Ontario,  10  miles  from  Lucan.     Pop.  150. 

Central  India  Agency,  a  political  agency  of  British 
India,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rajpootana,  the  North-West 
Provinces,  and  Oude,  E,  by  Chuta-Nagpoor,  S.  by  the  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  and  W.  by  the  Bombay  Presidency.  Area, 
90,000  square  miles.  It  consists  of  71  native  states,  of 
which  Gwalior,  Indore,  Rewah,  and  Bhopaul  are  the  prin- 
cipal. It  ia  supervised  by  a  British  agent.  Pop.  about 
8,000,000. 

Central  In'stitute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elmore  co., 
Ala.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Elmore  Railroad  Station. 

Central  Is'lip,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Islip  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  44  miles  E. 
of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  50  houses. 

Central  Kings'clear',  a  post-settlement  in  York 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  11  miles  above 
Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Central  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Elk  Rapids.     Pop.  535. 

Central  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and 
several  general  stores. 

Central  Mine,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich., 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calumet.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Here  is  a  rich  copper-mine. 

Central  Mor^risa'nia,  a  station  of  the  New  York  A 
Harlem  Railroad,  within  the  limits  of  New  York  City,  7i 
miles  N.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot. 

Central  On'slow,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Cobequid  Bay,  3  miles  from  Truro.    P.  200. 

Central  Park,  a  former  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111., 
now  included  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  workshops  of  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad  are  situated  here. 

Central  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Central  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
22  miles  S.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  2  or  3  stores  and 
business  houses. 


Central  Point,  a  village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  is  a 
suburb  of  Lake  City,  which  is  on  Lake  Pepin.     Pop.  150 

Central  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon, 
6  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Jacksonville.     Pop.  in  1890,  534. 

Central  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  16 
miles  £.  of  Milford  Railroad  Station.   It  has  1  or  2  ohnrchea. 

Central  Provinces,  a  chief-commissionership  of 
British  India,  of  irregular  outline,  and  lying  mostly  within 
lat.  17°  50'-24°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  76°-85°  E.  It  is  divided 
into  the  commissionerships  of  Chutteesgurh,  Jubbulpoor, 
Nagpoor,  and  Nerbudda,  which  are  again  divided  into  19 
districts.  Exclusive  of  these  subdivisions,  there  are  15  small 
feudatory  native  states.  The  wiiole  country  consists  of 
table-lands  rising  torrace-like  from  the  lower  surrounding 
regions.  The  soil  and  surface  are  exceedingly  various,  and 
the  natural  resources,  though  great,  are  imperfectly  devel- 
oped. Capital,  Nagpoor.  Area,  113,797  square  miles;  of 
British  districts,  84,048.  Pop.  in  1881,  11,548,511;  in 
1891,  12,932,330. 

Central  Square,  a  post- village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hastings  townshi]),  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Syracu.se  Northern  Railroad, 
18  miles  N.  of  Syracuse,  and  27  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  359. 

Central  Station,  a  post-village  of  Doddridge  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  52  miles  E.  of 
Parkersburg,  and  3  miles  from  West  Union.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  tobacco, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Central  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Newburg  A  New  York  Railroad, 
48  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City  via  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has 
a  Friends'  meeting,  a  seminary,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Central  Valley  Junction  is  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Binghamton,  on  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  Western  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Central 
Valley  Railroad. 

Central  Village,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Plainfield  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Moosup  River,  and  on  the  Norwich  A 
Worcester  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  town  house,  and  several 
cotton-mills. 

Central  Village,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mas^. 
in  Westport  township,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Bedford. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  • 

Centre.     For  names  not  given  below,  see  Center: 

Centre,  a  county  which  is  the  most  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1145  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna and  by  Moshannon  Creek,  and  is  intersected  by 
Bald  Eagle  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several 
ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  by  fertile  valleys. 
A  large  part  of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests,  and  more 
than  half  of  it  is  arable  land.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Iron  ore  and 
limestone  are  abundant  here,  and  large  quantities  of  forged 
and  rolled  iron,  blooms,  and  pigs  are  exported.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  and  the  Tyrone  A 
Clearfield  divisions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  is 
traversed  by  the  Bellefonte  Central  Railroad,  all  of  which 
coming  from  different  directions  converge  at  Bellefonte, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,418;  in  1880, 
.37,922;  in  1890,  43,269. 

Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  is 
I  of  a  mile  W.  of  the  navigable  Coosa  River,  and  about  76 
miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  347. 

Centre,  or  Center,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharp  oo.,  Ark., 
8  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Evening  Shade.  It  has  2  or  3 
stores. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  461 

Centre,  a  station  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Northeastern 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Athens. 

Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  oo.,  111.,  on  Green 
Creek,  about  7  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Rushville. 

Centre,  a  station  in  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Midland  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind,  Pop.  3885.  It 
includes  the  town  of  Lebanon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4699. 
It  includes  Aurora  and  Cochran. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4375. 
It  includes  the  city  of  Muncie. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2641.  Tl 
includes  Marion. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1870. 


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836 


CEN 


(-'ciitre,  !t  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  3495. 
It  includes  the  town  of  Greenfield. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2795. 
It  includes  Danville. 

Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Kokomo. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2633. 
It  includes  North  Vernon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1932,  It 
nontains  Crown  Point. 

Centre,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1147, 
exclusive  of  La  Porte  city. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4274, 
exclusive  of  Indianapolis. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4830. 
It  contains  Plymouth. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1170. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1394,  ex- 
■Musive  of  Valparaiso. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  955. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1581. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1645. 

Centre,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  717. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  555.  It 
includes  Knox. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Union  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  1896.  It 
includes  Liberty. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1689, 
exclusive  of  the  city  of  Evansville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wayne  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  2855.  It 
includes  Centreville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1184. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1220, 
exclusive  of  Centreville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1542, 
exclusive  of  Tipton. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1226. 
(Post-office,  Elvira.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  935, 
exclusive  of  Leon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1228. 
'"♦  contains  Lattner's. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  115. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  560. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  808. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1989, 
exclusive  of  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  274. 

Centre,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  391. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Iowa. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  100. 

Centre,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2970, 
exclusive  of  Ottumwa. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  652. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  1750. 

Centre,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  W.  of  Independence,     Pop.  818. 

Centre,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Carbondale,  Kansas. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  333. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
656.  It  is  divided  by  the  Kansas  River.  It  contains 
Detroit  and  Enterprise. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River.  Pop.  2288.  It  contains  Troy,  the  county 
teat. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.  It  contains  a 
part  of  Boston. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  427. 
It  contains  Jewell  Centre,  the  county  seat. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  444. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1109. 
It  includes  Marion  Centre. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  429. 
(Post-office,  Reeds ville.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  340. 
It  includes  Norton  Centre,  Weston,  and  Leota. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  672. 
It  contains  Mic:aeapolis. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
719.     (Post-office,  Laclede.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Reno  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  177. 
(Post-office,  Reno  Centre.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  106. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  382. 
It  includes  Bunker  Hill. 


Centre,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  698 
It  includes  Smith  Centre. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  598, 
exclusive  of  Fredonia. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop,  402. 
It  includes  Kalida. 

Centre,  a  post- village  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  about  96 
miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Centre,  sometimes  called  Hoyt's  Corners,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  83. 

Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Attala  co.,  Miss.,  14  mMes  S.E. 
of  Kosciusko.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1918. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Agency. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1568.  It 
contains  Greenfield. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1681. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1245. 
It  contains  Hermitage,  the  county  seat. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2416.  It 
includes  Edina,  the  county  seat. 

Centre,  a  post- village  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  in  Centre  town- 
ship, 10  miles  S.W.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  drug-store 
and  3  other  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  726. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2603. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1718. 
It  contains  Mount  Ephraim. 

Centre,  a  station  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
between  Albany  and  Schenectady,  SJ  miles  from  each  place. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1265. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1065. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  1227.  It 
includes  Centreville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop.  2896. 
It  contains  New  Lisbon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  1016. 

Centre,  Lawrence  co.,  0.    See  Centre  Furnace. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  1256.  It 
contains  Neptune. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  2585.  It 
contains  Woodsfield. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Phillipsburg,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop,  1353.  It 
contains  Elizabeth. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1703.  It 
contains  Sarahsville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1628.  It 
contains  Melbern. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1331.  It 
contains  a  part  of  Bowling  Green. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1529.  It 
contains  Centreport. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  843. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1322. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1777.  It 
affords  coal,  limestone,  iron  ore,  and  excellent  sandstone. 
(Post-offices,  Rogersville  and  Rutan.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1555.  It 
contains  Homer  City. 

Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Madison 
township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  112X. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.     Pop.  885. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1910. 

Centre,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  on  the  At- 
lanta &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  at  Central  Station,  26 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,     Pop,  1124. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1559. 

Centre,  a  post-township  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  about  8 
miles  W.  of  Janes  ville,  is  intersected  by  the  railroad  which 
connects  Beloit  with  Madison.     Pop.  1041. 

Centre  Augus'ta,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  On- 
tario, 12  miles  from  Prescott.     Pop.  100. 

Centre  Barn'stead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belknap  co., 
N.H.,  about  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord. 

Centre  Bart'lett,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

Centre  BePpre',  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
0.,  about  14  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a 
church,  and  2  academies.     Pop.  200. 

Centre  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum  River. 


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Centre  Ber'lin,  a  small  post- village  of  Rensselaer  cc, 
H.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of 
Chatham  Village,  and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Albany, 

Centre  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Plumstead  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  24  miles 
above  Trenton,  N.J.     It  has  several  stores. 

Centre  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn., 
in  Essex  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  about 
26  miles  E.  of  New  Haven,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Essex.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  bits,  ivory,  bone  goods,  Ac. 

Centre  Bruns'wick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches, 

Cen'treburg,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Hillier 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  588. 

Centre  Cambridge,  kam'brij,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cambridge  township,  1  mile  from 
West  Cambridge  Railroad  Station,     It  has  a  church. 

Centre  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chisago  co., 
Minn.,  on  Chisago  Lake,  and  in  Chisago  Lake  township,  8 
miles  W.  of  Taylor's  Falls,  and  6  miles  from  Chisago  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Centre  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
E,  of  Goldthwaite,     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Centre  Con'way,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
in  Conway  township,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
ttas  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  30  houses. 

Centre  Creek  runs  westward  through  Jasper  co,.  Mo., 
uid  enters  Spring  River  in  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.  It  is 
aearly  70  miles  long. 

Centre  Creek,  a  post-toMmship  of  Martin  co.,  Minn., 
3  miles  S.AV.  of  Winnebago  City,     Pop,  267. 

Centre  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co,,  Mo,,  about  66 
miles  W.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  765. 

Centre  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Cen'tredale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cedar  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  an  elevator, 

Ceiitredale,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on 
-he  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  a  hotel,  a 
larriage-factory,  a  free  public  library,  a  graded  school,  and 
\  public  hall.     Pop.  209. 

Centre  Eff'ingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
y.H.,  in  Effingham  township,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Os- 
idpee.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing, 

Cen'trefield,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co,,  N.Y,,  4  miles 
W.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Centretield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in 
?airfield  township,  on  Paint  Creek,  3  miles  S.  of  East 
.tfonroe.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  128, 

Centre  Groton,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co,, 
3onn, 

Centre  Grove,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co,,  Iowa. 
Pop,  543,     It  contains  the  village  of  Spirit  Lake. 

Centre  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
\n  Julien  township,  3  miles  from  Julien  Railroad  Station. 
-  ^iOias  a  church. 

HHpentre  Grove,  township,  Quilford  co.,  N.C.  P.  1110. 
^|Hpentre  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C,  10 
^qflles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Roxborough. 

Centre  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  from  Fosterville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  high  school. 

Centre  Hall,  a  post-borough  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Penn's  Valley,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Bellefonte,  and 
about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lockhaven.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  Ac.  A  weekly  paper  is 
published  here.     Pop.  441. 

Centre  Har'bor,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Belknap  co.,  N.H..  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Winnepesau- 
kee  Lake,  and  in  Centre  Harbor  township,  43  miles  N.  of 
Concord,  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  numerous  board- 
ing-houses. Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  place  and 
9ther  villages  on  the  lake.  Pop.  of  the  township,  479. 
I   Centre  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Kensett  Railroad  Station.     It  has  an  academy. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  oo.,  Conn.,  5^ 
miles  N.  of  New  Hartford  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla.,  26  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Brooksville,  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
public  school.     Pop,  428, 

Centre  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Bucks  co,.  Pa,,  in  Solebury 
township,  2  miles  from  Stockton,  N,J 


Centre  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa,,  in  Pottei 
township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  and  2  general  stores. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co,,  8.C, 

Centre  Junction,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Jones 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul,  and  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroads,  9  miles  E.  of  Anamosa, 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  a  steam- 
mill,  and  a  bed-spring  factory.     Pop,  210, 

Centre  Leb'snon,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co,,  Me,,  in 
Lebanon  township. 

Centre  Lincolnville,  a  post-village  of  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  in  Lincolnville  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Rockland,  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime.     Pop,  about  300, 

Centre  Line,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich., 
about  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and 
public  schools.     Pop.  250. 

Centre  Lisle,  orYork'shire,  a  post- village  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Lisle  township,  3  miles  from  Lisle  Station,  and 
about  50  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a 
large  tannery  (of  sheep-skins),  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Centre  Lov'ell,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  in  Lovell  township,  on  Kezar  Lake,  about 
54  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  spool-fac- 
tory, a  grii/ded  school,  Ac, 

Centre  Marsh'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co,. 
Mass,,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Centre  Mill,  a  post-office  and  grist-mill  of  Hood  co.. 
Tex.,  10  miles  N.  of  Granbury. 

Centre  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  ia 
Miles  township.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Centre  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.. 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Central  Depot;  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Centre  Mont'ville,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

Centre  More'land,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  CO.,  Pa., 
15  miles  N.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  stores. 

Centre  Moriches,  mo-rich'^z,  a  post-village  and 
watering-place  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Brookhaven  town- 
ship, about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  i  mile  from 
East  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  ocean.   It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels, 

2  large  boarding-houses,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  600. 
Centre  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 
Centre  of  Grav'ity,  a  small  village  of  Abbeville  co., 

S.C,  1  mile  from  Centreville. 

Centre  Os'sipee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H,, 
in  Ossipee  township,  on  Ossipee  Lake,  and  on  the  railroad 
between  Ossipee  and  North  Conway,  4  miles  N,  of  the 
former.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  excelsior,  sash, 
blinds,  Ac,  and  about  30  houses. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co., 
Ark.,  about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fulton.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  wool-carding  factory,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  297. 

Centre  Point,  a  station  of  Knox  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Gales- 
burg. 

Centre  Point,  a  post- village  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Brazil,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  226. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Cedar 
Rapids  with  Independence,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  River.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  615. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Centre  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  4  miles  from  Unionville. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  oo.,  C,  about 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Ripley. 

Centre  Point,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  about  40 
miles  N.  by  W.  from  Dayton.     Pop.  444. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Tenn., 
about  13  miles  E.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Kerr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River,  50  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 
Cen'treport,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 

Erie  Canal,  2  miles  from  Port  Byron.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  grain-cradles.     Pop.  about  150. 

Centreport,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y".,  in 
Huntington  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  40 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  on  Centreport  Harbor,  an  inlet 
of  Long  Island  Sound.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Centreport,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Centre 
township,  2  miles  from  Mohrsville  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  10  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  t 
carriage-shops,  Ac. 


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Centre  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  W.  of  Humboldt. 

Centre  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Brown  county,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Manitowoc  River  about  6 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Centre  River,  a  post-oflSce  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Centre  Road,  a  station  in  Geauga  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Painesville. 

Centre  Road  Station,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad  (at  Summit  Station), 
39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie. 

Centre  RutMand,a  small  post-village  of  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  in  Rutland  township,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  and  the  Troy,  Salem  <fc  Rutland  Railroads, 
li  miles  W.  of  Rutland.     Here  are  quarries  of  fine  marble. 

Centre  Sand'wich,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  in  Sandwich  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Laconia. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  normal  institute,  &,c. 

Centre  Sher'man,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  the  village  of  Sherman. 

Centre  Sid'ney,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Kennebec  co..  Me. 

Centre  Square,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  75. 

Centre  Square,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury. 

Centre  Square,  New  York.    See  Redfield. 

Centre  Square,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  about  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norris- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  from  Florence,  and  2  miles  from  the  Muscle  Shoals.  It 
has  a  church. 

Centre  Strafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,N.H., 
in  Strafford  township,  9  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  an 
academy  and  a  church. 

Cen'treton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  22  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
A  church  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  lumber.     Pop.  350. 

Centreton,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Masonville.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  phosphate, 

Centreton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  about  9 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bridgeton,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Centreton,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Norwich 
township,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Sandusky  with  Mansfield,  27  miles  S.  of  Sandusky. 
It  has  a  church. 

Cen'treton,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Ontario,  8  miles  N.  of  Grafton.     Pop.  150. 

Cen'tretown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  McHenry  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Centretown,  a  post-village  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Centretown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin. 

Centre  Tuf'tonborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Tuftonborough  township,  about  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Ossipee. 

Centre  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind., 
in  Liberty  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Clayton.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  a  half-dozen  houses. 

Centre  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Neb. 

Centre  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Sharon  Springs.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centre  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Saucon  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  hotels,  2  mills, 
several  lime-kilns,  and  about  50  dwellings. 

CenHreview',  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  58  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Centre  View,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in 
Jackson  township,  near  the  Ohio  River,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Marietta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centre  view,  a  post-office  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa. 

Centre  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on 
or  near  the  Staunton  River,  8  miles  from  Clover  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church,  a  normal  school,  and  3  stores. 

Centre  Vill'age,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlton  co.,  Ga., 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  naval  stores. 

Centre  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Colesville  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  121  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  146. 


Centre  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.,  I 
miles  S.E.  of  Galena  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  o. 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Centre  Village,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co- 
New  Brunswick,  1.3  miles  from  Sackville.     Pop.  100. 

Cen'treville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bibb  co.,  AU.; 
on  the  Cahawba  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Selma. 
It  has  a  fine  brick  court-house,  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  and  an  academy. 

Centreville,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.    See  Caddo  Gap. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley,  about  35  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
is  2  miles  from  Niles  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  high  and  a  grammar  school.     Pop.  300. 

Centreville,  a  mining  village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  from  Chico.  It  has  manufactures  of  wine  and  brandy. 
Grapes  abound  here. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Fresno  oo.,  Cal.,  17  miles  E. 
of  Fresno.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  or 
near  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Centreville,  a  mining  camp  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  4 
miles  from  Clear  Creek.    Gold  is  found  here. 

Centreville  (Hamden  Post-Office),  a  village  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  in  Hamden  township,  on  the  New  Haven 

6  Northampton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  <fcc. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  3 
miles  from  Greenville  Railroad  Station,  and  about  7  milei 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  10  milea 
N.E.  of  Tallahassee.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lawrenceville.    It  has  2  churches.  P.  200. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  BoisS  co.,  Idaho,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Idaho  City.    Gold  is  found  here. 

Centreville,  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  is  more  properly  called 
Allison  (which  see). 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co.,  III.,  about  15 
miles  W.  of  Champaign  City. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and 

7  miles  N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  steam 
flouring-mills,  and  several  public  schools.  Pop.  1116.  Here 
is  Centreville  Station  Post-Office.     See  also  Millstadt. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 

Centreville  (Lewis  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Vigo  co., 
Ind.,  in  Pierson  township,  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Terre 
Haute.     It  has  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  100. 

Centreville,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Wayne  co., 
Ind.,  is  on  Noland's  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  chair-works,  saw-  and  lumber-mills,  a  patent- 
fence  factory,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  It 
was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  864. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Appanoose  co., 
Iowa,  in  Centre  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  A  Ne- 
braska Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  125  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine, 
and  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a  court-house, 
5  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Coal 
and  limestone  are  abundant  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3668. 

Centreville,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  on  Sugar 
Creek,  in  Centreville  township,  about  55  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lawrence.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  and  a  district 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1662. 

Centreville,  township,  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  794. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington 
It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  and  several  stores. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  about 
22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a  church 
Here  is  Funny  Louis  Post-Office. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La., 
on  the  navigable  bayou  Teche,  5  miles  below  Franklin.  It 
has  8  stores  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Centreville,  township,  Washington  co..  Me.    Pop.  145. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Queen  Anne  oo., 
Md.,  is  on  an  inlet  or  creek  which  opens  into  Chesapeake 
Bay,  about  36  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  the 
southwestern  terminus  of  the  Queen  Anne  A  Kent  Railroad. 
It  contains  5  churches,  the  Centreville  Academy,  2  carriage 
factories,  and  a  foundry.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  put; 
lished  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1309. 


CEN 


839 


CEN 


Centreville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Barnstable  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  4  miles  W.  of 
Hyannis.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Maple  Ridge  township,  Delta 
CO.,  Mioh.,  on  the  Chicago  k  Northwestern  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.  of  Escanaba.     Here  is  Lathrop  Post-Office. 

Centreville,  a  township  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  1274. 

Ceutreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
Mich.,  on  Prairie  River,  and  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jaekson, 
and  30  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  national  bank,  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  2  foundries, 
and  manufactures  of  knit  goods,  <fec.     Pop.  749. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Centreville  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Centreville  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Lake  Superior  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  17 
miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  con- 
tains Rice  Lakes,  a  summer  resort.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
729.     Centreville  Station  is  in  Washington  co. 

Centreville,  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  is  now  called  Witoka. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Newton  co..  Miss.,  9  miles 
from  Lake  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  2  steam 
lumber-mills,  and  forests  of  pine. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss.,  70 
miles  by  rail,  or  13  miles  direct,  E.  of  Woodville.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Reynolds  co., 
Mo.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  newspaper 
ofiSce  and  3  churches.     Pop.  32. 

Centreville,  Dodge  co.,  Neb.    See  Everett. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Lincoln.    It  has  a  church,  &c. 

Centreville,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.H.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Ossipee.     Pop.  100. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  is  a  part  of 
the  8th  ward  of  Camden.  It  is  divided  from  Camden  proper 
by  Little  Newton  Creek  and  a  marsh,  and  from  Gloucester 
by  Newton  Creek.  It  extends  nearly  a  mile  eastward  from 
the  Delaware  River,  is  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.  of  its  terminal  station  in  Camden,  is  also  on  the  Camden, 
Gloucester  &  Mt.  Ephraira  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Philadelphia  A  Atlantic  City  Railroad.  Its  W.  por- 
tion is  also  known  as  Stockton.  The  village  has  3  or  4 
churches.     It  is  connected  with  Camden  by  a  street-railway. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Bridgeton  &,  Port  Norris  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bridge- 
ton,  and  2  miles  from  Port  Norris. 

Centreville,  a  village  in  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is 
a  part  of  Bayonne. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  2i 
miles  from  Neshanic  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22  miles 
N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  near 
Raritan  Bay,  1  mile  from  Holmdel  Station. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Newark  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Richfield. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Knowlton 
township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Belvidere. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Centreville  township,  about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  3  churches.  Pop.  167;  of  the  township,  997.  Here 
are  3  cheese-factories. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from 
Milan.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Centreville,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.    See  Portland. 

Centreville,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.    See  Mooers  Forks. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clay 
and  Cicero  townships,  3  miles  from  Clay  Railroad  Station, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  289. 

Centreville,  a  former  name  of  Turner's,  N.Y. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Corning 
township,  i  mile  from  Painted  Post. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lloyd 
township,  3  miles  from  Lloyd  Post-Office.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  <fec. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.,  |  of 
a  mile  from  Westchester  Railroad  Station.  It  has  several 
churches  and  a  Catholic  protectory. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Smith 
township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has 
2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  167.     Here  is  Demos  Post-Office. 

Centreville  (Lee's  Creek  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  in  Wayne  township,  about  56  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 


Centreville  (Thurman  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Qallia 
CO.,  0.,  in  Raccoon  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Gallipolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  6  miles  N.B. 
of  Cambridge.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of  its  po8t< 
office  is  Midway. 

Centreville  (Spencer  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  in  Spencer  township,  10  miles  from  Wellington  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.,  in 
Washington  township,  and  in  the  Miami  Valley,  aboat  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  valu- 
able quarries  of  limestone,  of  which  its  houses  are  built. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Centre 
township,  10  miles  W.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Moscow  Mills  Post-Office. 

Centreville,  a  former  name  of  Swanton,  Fulton  co.,  0. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in  Cumber- 
laud  Valley  township,  16  miles  S.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  is  Cumberland  Valley  Post-Office. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Wellsburg,  N.Y.  It  has  manufactures  of  brooms,  pic- 
ture-frames, (fee. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bucking- 
ham township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Buckingham. 

Centreville,  a  borough  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Slippery 
Rock  township,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  16  milea 
E.  by  N.  from  New  Castle.  It  has  5  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  5  stores. 
Pop.  366.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Slippery  Rock. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  P.a.,  on  the  She- 
nango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Mercer. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Centreville,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  oa 
Oil  Creek,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Titusville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist  mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Oil 
is  found  near  it.     Pop.  274. 

Centreville,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.     See  Dickinson. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fox  town- 
ship, on  the  Daguscahonda  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.of  Ridg- 
way.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  tannery,  a 
brewery,  and  several  coal-mines.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Kersey. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cone- 
maugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  ^  mile 
from  New  Florence  Station,  and  64  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church  and  about  30  houses. 

Centreville  (Stone  Church  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Northampton  co..  Pa.,  in  Upper  Mt.  Bethel  township,  4 
miles  from  Portland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Liverpool 
township,  about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Brownsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  War- 
wick township,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  12  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Providence.  Here  are  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  800. 

Centreville,  a  village  in  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  Rockville.  It  has  a  brick  cot- 
ton-mill, with  4064  spindles  and  68  looms.     Pop.  74. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  22 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Parker.  It  has  9  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tow-mill,  roller-mills,  and 
public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  723. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Duck  River,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Leon  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Jewett  Station,  and  125  miles  N.E.  of 
Austin.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.    P.  288. 

Centreville,  or  Centerville,  a  post- village  of  Davifl 
CO.,  Utah,  on  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  on  the  Utah  Central  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Onancock.     It  has  2  stores. 

Centreville,  a  post- village  of  Fairfax  oo.,  Va.,  25  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Washington,  D.C,  It  has  2  churches.  The 
battle  of  Bull  Run  was  fought  near  here,  July  21,  1861. 

Centreville  (Shakleford's  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
King  and  Queen  co.,  Va.,  2i  miles  from  West  Point.  It 
has  4  stores,  3  coach -factories,  ko. 


CEN 


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Centreville^  a  village  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington.  See 
Centralia. 

CentrevillC)  Snohomish  co.,  Wash.     See  Stanwood. 

Centre  Yille,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Taleott  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
flouring-mills,  and  2  stores. 

Centreville)  a  hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  43  milee 
S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Huntington.    It  has  3  churches,  and  coal  mines. 

Ceiitreville  (Hika  Post-OflBoe),  a  village  of  Manitowoc 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  1  mile  from  the  Milwaukee, 
Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  and  12  miles  N.  of  She- 
boygan. It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  public  school,  2 
brick-yards,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis., 
5  miles  N.  of  Trempealeau  Station.      It  has  2  churches. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Whelan's  Creek,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Napanee.   Pop.  300. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  14i  miles  below  Moncton. 
Pop.  200. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  600. 

Centreville,  or  Trout  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Digby.     Pop.  200. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
4  miles  from  Kentville.  Pop.  250.  New  Germany,  Lunen- 
burg CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  is  sometimes  called  Centreville. 

Centreville,  a  village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Thames,  2  miles  from  Ingersoll.  Pop.  150. 
For  other  places  in  Ontario  which  are  sometimes  called  Cen- 
treville, see  Luton,  Norham,  and  South  Monaghan. 

Centreville,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Bedeque. 

Centreville  Mills,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Centreville  Pike,  Indiana.    See  Olive  Hill. 

Centreville  Station,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  111., 
is  at  the  village  of  Centreville. 

Centreville  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Fallsburg  township,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 26i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  2  stores. 

Centre  Waterborough.  See  WATERBOROuGn Centre. 

Centre  White  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  White  Creek  township,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Troy, 
and  2  miles  from  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church. 

Centrop'olis,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Centropolis  township,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ottawa.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  783. 

Centropolis,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  5  n)iles 
by  rail  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
car-works,  and  an  iron-foundvy.     Pop.  400. 

Centum  Cellae,  the  ancient  name  of  Civita  Vecchia. 

Centuripae,  or  Centuripi.     See  Centorbi. 

Ceos,  the  ancient  name  of  Zea. 

Cephalaedium,  the  ancient  name  of  Cefal&. 

Cephalonia,  sSf-i-lo'ne-a,  (It.  pron.  chfif-i-lon'e-iand 
chSf-8,-lo-nee'3, ;  modern  Gr.  Kc<^aAoi'ia,  k5f-il-lo-nee'i ;  anc. 
Gr.  Ke0aAXt)i'i'a ;  L.  Gephalle'nia),  or  Kephalo'nia,  called 
also  Kephallinia,  kfif-i-lee-nee'i,  an  island  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, one  of  the  largest  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  belong- 
ing to  Greece.  It  is  a  few  miles  W.  of  the  mainland,  and 
about  3  miles  from  Ithaca,  between  lat.  38°  4'  and  38°  29' 
N.  and  Ion.  20°  21'  and  20°  49'  E.  Length,  32  miles; 
breadth,  from  5  to  12  miles.  Area,  302  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  generally  mountainous.  A  calcareous  ridge 
traverses  the  island  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  the  highest  sum- 
mit of  which,  called  Ores  Ainos,  is  about  5000  feet  above 
the  sea-level.  This  lofty  peak  was  anciently  crowned  by  a 
temple  of  Jupiter,  of  which  no  trace  remains,  the  mountain 
being  now  covered  with  wood.  The  only  plain  in  the  island 
of  any  extent  is  in  the  S.W.,  near  Argostoli :  it  is  about  6 
miles  in  length,  and  is  planted  with  vines.  There  are  other 
fertile  spots,  but  the  soil  is  in  general  thin.  The  coast-line 
is  deeply  marked  with  indentations,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  bays  of  Samos,  Zola,  and  Argostoli :  the  last  extends 
about  7  or  8  miles  inland,  and  has  good  anchorage.  The 
principal  produce  of  the  island  is  currants,  of  which  large 
:^uantities  are  exported.  The  other  products  are  wheat, 
oil,  wine,  cotton,  flax,  salt,  oranges,  lemons,  figs,  and  carobs. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  brought  up  to  the  medical 
profession  and  afterwards  emigrate  for  practice  to  Turkey. 
The  greater  part  of  the  population  are  of  the  Greek  Church ; 
the  others  are  of  the  Latin  Church,  and  have  a  bishop  and 
several  convents  of  Franciscans. 

Cephalonia  was  known  anciently  by  various  names,  being 


called  Samos  in  the  Odyssey,  and  TetrapoliB  by  Thucydides. 
In  189  B.C.  the  island  came  under  the  Roman  dominion,  and 
became  subject  to  the  Byzantines  till  the  twelfth  century, 
falling  afterwards,  successively,  to  the  Normans,  Venetians, 
Turks,  and  again  to  the  Venetians,  who  retained  possession 
of  it  till  1797.  By  the  peace  of  Tilsit,  in  1809,  the  French 
obtained  it,  but  were  soon  after  driven  out  by  the  English, 
under  whose  protection  it  remained  till  1864,  when  it  was 
annexed  to  Greece,  of  which  kingdom  it  forms  a  nome. 
Chief  towns,  Argostoli  and  Lixuri.  Pop.  in  1889,  80,178. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Ckphalonian,  sSf-a-lo'ne-an. 

Cephis'sia,  or  Me'las,  a  river  of  Greece,  rises  iu 
Phocis,  J 5  miles  N.W.  of  Salona,  flows  E.,  forming  the  N. 
boundary  of  Boeotia,  and  enters  Lake  Topolias  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Livadia. 

Cephis'sia,  or  Kephis'sia,  a  village  of  Greece,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens,  with  a  grotto  dedicated  to  the  saints, 
also  a  mosque,  and  many  fine  remains  of  antiquity. 

Cephis'sus,  or  Cephi'sus  (Gr.  K^</>i(r<ros  or  Kii</)i<ros), 
a  river  of  Greece,  in  Attica,  rises  beneath  Mount  Parnes, 
and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  25  miles,  enters  the  Gulf 
of  ^gina,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Athens. 

Ceppaloni,  chSp-pi-lo'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  6^  miles  S.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  2888. 

Ceprano,  chi-pri'no  (anc.  Fregel'lm),  a  town  of  Italy, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  4638. 

Ce'ra,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  W.  of  Timor 
Laut.    Lat.  8°  10'  S.,  Ion.  130°  55'  E.,  and  20  miles  in  circuit. 

Ceral'vo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  3  miles  from  Rockport  Railroad  Station,  which  is 
117  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Ceram', or  Zeram'  (Port. pron. 8i-rl'6M» or sA-rSwu*'), 
called  by  the  natives  Sirang,  see'ring',  or  Ceiram^ 
s4-e-r3wN<»',  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  second 
largest  of  the  Moluccas,  lies  between  Booroo  on  the  W.  and 
Papua  on  the  E.,  and  immediately  N.  of  Amboyna.  It 
stretches  from  lat.  2°  47'  to  3°  50'  S.  and  from  Ion.  127°  51' 
to  123°  56'  E.  Area,  10,000  square  miles.  The  island  is  im- 
perfectly known.  It  is  traversed  by  mountain-ranges  rising 
from  a  table-land  of  considerable  elevation  and  sending 
down  innumerable  streams  to  the  sea.  The  mountains  vary 
from  6000  to  8000  feet  in  height,  and  that  called  Noosaheli 
rises  to  9250  feet.  The  vegetation  is  luxuriant  and  gigan- 
tic. The  sago-palm,  in  particular,  is  more  abundant  here 
than  in  any  of  the  adjoining  islands.  It  grows  100  feet 
high,  and,  instead  of  400  pounds,  as  at  Amboyna,  a  single 
tree  will  sometimes  yield  1200  pounds  of  starch.  Clove- 
and  nutmeg-trees  grow  wild,  and  the  woods  abound  in 
magnificent  forest  trees.  Near  the  E.  end,  on  the  N.  side, 
is  the  village  of  Waroo,  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  about 
lat.  3°  25'  S.,  Ion.  130°  40'  E. 

The  coasts  are  peopled  by  bold  and  enterprising  Malay 
fishermen  and  traffickers,  who  carry  the  produce  of  their 
fisheries  to  the  Sunda  Islands  and  Singapore.  The  interior 
is  peopled  by  the  Alfooras,  of  a  race  identical,  apparently, 
with  those  of  Celebes.  Christian  missionaries  have  made 
numerous  converts  along  the  coasts.  The  country  is  gov- 
erned by  native  chiefs  under  Dutch  supervision. 

The  aborigines  of  Ceram  are  mostly  idolaters,  and  the 
coast  population  generally  Mohammedans.  Notwithstand- 
ing its  superabundant  fertility,  Ceram  is  very  thinly  peo- 
pled.    The  present  population  is  estimated  at  195,000. 

Cerami,  chi-ri'mee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Cata- 
nia, 17  miles  W.  of  Bronte.     Pop.  6145. 

Ceram'  Laut,  lowt,  or  Serang'  Laut  ("Seaward 
Ceram"),  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, lying  ofi"  the  E.  end  of  the  island  of  Ceram,  from 
which  they  are  separated  by  the  island  and  strait  of  Kef- 
fing.  The  chief  island  is  about  5  miles  long,  is  mountainous, 
and  belongs  to  the  Dutch.     Lat.  3°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  131°  E. 

Cerano,  chi-r&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8i 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  4097. 

Cerasus,  the  ancient  name  of  Keresoon. 

Ceraunii  Montes.    See  Acroceraunian  Mountains. 

Cerbaius,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Cervaro. 

Cer^bat',  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  6  miles 
S.  of  Mineral  Park.  It  has  silver-mines  and  reduction-works. 

Cerchiara,  ehjR-ke-i'rS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  2268. 

Cercidius,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Liamonb. 

Cercina,  the  ancient  name  of  Kerkini. 

Cercine,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Takings. 

Cercinetis  Sinus.    See  Gulp  of  Kerkinit. 

Cerda,  eh§R'd3,,  a  town  of  Sicily,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of     ■ 
Termini.     Pop.  4013.  || 

Cerdague,  s^R^din',  an  old  division  of  Europe,  in  the     "■ 
Pyrenees,  partly  in  the  French  department  of  Pyrenees- 


CER 


841 


CER 


Orientales,  and  partly  in  the  Spanish  prorinces  of  Barce- 
lona, Gerona,  and  Lerida. 

Cerdefta,  the  Spanish  for  Sardinia. 

Cerdon,  sfiBMdus',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  1775. 

Cere,  saiR,  a  river  of  Southern  France,  departments  of 
Cantal  and  Lot,  rises  in  the  Plomb-de-Cantal,  and,  after  a 
W.  course  of  about  55  miles,  joins  the  Dordogne  near  Brete- 
noux.     Aurillao  is  on  one  of  its  affluents. 

Cerea,  ohi-r4'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ve- 
rona. It  has  the  remains  of  an  ancient  castle,  and  is  the 
Beat  of  an  annual  fair.     Pop.  5600. 

Cerebelliaca,  the  ancient  name  of  Chabeuil. 

Cere'do,  a  post-yillage  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  on 
the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Huntington,  and  about  15 
miles  above  Ironton,  0.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
large  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Cerences,  sa^rSNss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9 
miles  S.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  2162. 

Cere  Novo,  ohi'ri  no'vo  {i.e.,  "New  CaBre"),  a  small 
village  of  Italy,  3i  miles  E.  of  Cebvetbre  (which  see). 

Ceres,  seers,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  3  miles 
8.  of  Cupar-Fife.     Pop.  1111. 

Ceres,  chi'rSs,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1942. 

Ceres,  se'rez,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Stanislaus  oo., 
Oal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  (Visalia  division),  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Lathrop,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Modesto. 

^ Ceres,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
les  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a  church. 
Ceres,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Oswayo 
Creek,  in  Genesee  township  (partly  in  Ceres  township,  Pa.), 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Olean.  It  has  a  church  and  2  lum- 
Br-mills.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Ceres,  a  township  of  McEean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  New 
fork  line.     Pop.  798. 

Ceresco,  s^-res'ko,  a  post- village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich., 
the  Kalamazoo  River,  on  the  line  between  Emmett  and 

irshall  townships,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
f  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  about  42  miles  S.W.  of  Lan- 

ig.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
bw-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  450. 

;  Ceresco,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    P.  623. 

1  Ceresco,  a  post-village  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  18 
liles  S.W.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  500. 
'Ceresco,  a  post-village  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  about  20 
lljles  N.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Ceresius  Lacus.    See  Lago  di  Lugano. 

Ceresole,  chi-ri-so'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
a  miles  N.W.  of  Alba.     Pop.  1780.     In  its  vicinity  the 

ench  gained  a  celebrated  victory  over  the  Imperialists, 
jipril  14,  1544. 

C6ret,  si^ri',  a  frontier  town  of  France,  department  of 
Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan.  Pop. 
3737.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  has  manufactures  of 
«orks,  leather,  and  copper-wares. 

Ceriana,  ch^-re-a'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.  of 
San  Remo.     Pop.  2381. 

Cerignola,  chi-reen-yo'li,  an  episcopal  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Foggia.  It  has  a  college, 
several  convents,  and  a  hospital.  The  inhabitants  manu- 
facture linen.  In  1503  the  Spaniards  here  defeated  the 
French,  when  the  Duke  de  Nemours,  who  commanded  the 
latter,  was  slain.     Pop.  21,739. 

Cerigo,  chfir'e-go  (anc.  Latin,  Gythe'ra;  Gr.  Kuflijpo, 
pronounced  by  the  modem  Greeks  kith'e-ra),  the  southern- 
most of  the  Ionian  Islands,  belonging  to  Greece,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Morea,  between 
lat.  36°  7'  and  36°  23'  N.,  and  in  Ion.  about  23°  E.  Area, 
116  square  miles.  Pop.  10,637.  Shores  abrupt  and  danger- 
ous to  shipping.  Surface  mostly  mountainous  and  rocky. 
More  cattle  are  reared  here  than  in  any  other  of  the  Ionian 
Islands.  Chief  crops,  wheat,  maize,  pulse,  cotton,  flax,  wine, 
olive  oil,  and  honey.  Principal  town,  Capsali,  at  its  S.  ex- 
tremity. The  people  are  of  Greek  origin,  and  are  all  of  the 
Greek  Church.  Cerigo  was  celebrated  in  ancient  times  for 
the  worship  of  Venus ;  and  near  the  fortress  of  San  Nikolo 
are  some  ruins  of  the  ancient  city  of  Oythera  and  its  temples. 
Cerigo  was  long  subject  to  the  Lacedemonians,  and  belonged 
in  turn  to  Macedon,  Egypt,  Rome,  and  Venice. 

Cerigotto,  chi-re-got'to,  or  Ogilia,  o-jil'e-i  (ano. 
^gila),  a  small  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  midway  be- 
tween Cerigo  and  Crete,  and  belonging  to  Greece.  Length, 
8  miles ;  breadth,  from  1  to  3  miles. 

C6rilly,  si^ree^yee',  a  town  of  Franco,  department  of 
AUier,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop,  2691. 

Cerina,  Tzerina,  chi-ree'nS,,  or   Djerines  (ano. 
64 


Cerin'ia,  Ceryne'ia,  or  Cero'nia),  a  town  of  Cypriis,  on  ita 
N.  coast,  10  miles  N.  of  Lef  kosia.  It  has  an  indifferent 
port,  and  ancient  quarries  and  catacombs. 

Cerisy,  s^h-ree^zee',  several  communes  and  villages  of 
France,  in  Normandy,  the  principal  in  the  department  of 
Manche,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Ld.  It  has  the  church 
of  an  abbey  founded  by  Robert  of  Normandy  in  1030,  and 
completed  by  William  the  Conqueror.     Pop.  2016. 

Cerizay,  s§h-ree^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-Sdvrea, 
9  miles  W.  of  Bressuire.     Pop.  1457. 

Cermignano,  ch^R-meen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Teramo,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penne.     P.  2636. 

Cernay,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Sennheim. 

Cerne>  Abbas,  SQrn-ab'bas,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  7i  miles  N.  of  Dorchester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1174. 

Cernetz,  or  Zernetz,  tsfiR'nflts,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Grisons,  in  the  Lower  Engadine,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Chur.     Pop.  603. 

Cernilow,  ts4R'ne-lov,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Koniggratz,  near  Smiritz.     Pop.  1514. 

Cernogora,  the  native  name  of  Montenegbo. 

Cernowitz,  or  Cernovic,  tsfiR'no-vitz,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2000. 

Cernusco-Asinario,  chiR-noos'ko-i-se-ni're-o,  a 
town  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  Canal  of 
Martesana.     Pop.  4770. 

Ceronia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cerina. 

Cerreto,  chfiB-si'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bene- 
vento,  on  the  Apennines,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Capua.  Pop. 
6089.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  cathedral  with  fine  paint- 
ings, a  college  church,  and  a  diocesan  school. 

Cerreto  Guidi,  chfiB-si'to  gwee'dee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Florence,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Empoli.     Pop.  6061. 

Cerri,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany.     See  Zebi. 

Cerril'los,  a  post- village  of  Santa  F6  co..  New  Mexico, 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Glorieta.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  446. 

Cerro,  chSR'Ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campo- 
basso,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Venafro.     Pop.  2465. 

Cerro  Azul,  sob'bo  i-thool',  a  town  of  Peru,  with  a 
port  on  the  Pacific,  about  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Callao. 

Cerro  del  Andevalo,  th^B'Ro  dSl  &n-dd,-v&'lo,  a  town 
of  Spain,  25  miles  N.  of  Huelva.  Pop.  3190.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linens  and  coarse  woollens. 

Cerro  de  las  Juntas,  Mexico.    See  Quiotepec. 

Cerro  de  Pasco,  sSb'bo  d&  p&s'ko,  called  also  simply 
Pasco,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Junin,  on  a  rail- 
way, 138  miles  N.E.  of  Lima,  13,673  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.     It  is  the  seat  of  rich  silver-mines. 

Cerro  Frio,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Sebbo  Fbio. 

Cerro  Gordo,  sSb'bo  goB'do,  a  mountain-pass  through 
which  the  National  Road  conducts  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the 
city  of  Mexico,  60  miles  N.W.  of  the  former.  This  pass 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Mexicans,  13,000  strong, 
under  Santa  Anna,  in  the  spring  of  1847,  and  the  heights 
on  either  side  were  strongly  fortified,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
terrupting the  march  of  the  United  States  troops,  numbering 
9000,  under  General  Scott,  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  capital  of 
Mexico.  The  battle  was  fought  on  the  18th  and  19th  of 
April,  and  resulted  in  the  total  defeat  of  Santa  Anna's  army. 

Cer'ro  Gor'do,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Lime  Creek 
and  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad,  and  by  a  branch  of 
the  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Mason  City 
Pop.  in  1870,  4722;  in  1880,  11,461;  in  1890,  14,864. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-office  and  mining  camp  of  Inyo 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  a  high  mountain.  It  has  silver-mines  and 
smelting-works.     Pop.  of  Cerro  Gordo  Township,  474. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  village,  capital  of  Holmes  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Choctawhatchee  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  several  church  organizations,  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  409. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post- village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  12  milet 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  4  ohurohes,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  mill,  an  elevator,  and 
manufactures  of  brick  and  tile,  and  plough-polishing  ma- 
chines.    Pop.  in  1890,  939. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-township  of  Lao  qui  Parle  co., 
Miun.     Pop.  266. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post- village  of  Columbus  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  68  mile* 
W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 


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Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  cc,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  about  10  miles  below  Savannah.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Cerro  Gordo  Azul,  in  Peru.    See  Cerro  Azut. 

Cerro  Gordo  de  Potosi,  sSr'ro  goR'dodi  po-to-see', 
a  famous  metalliferous  mountain  of  Bolivia,  immediately 
S.W.  of  Potosi.     Elevation,  16,037  feet. 

Cerro  Gordo  Morado  Negro,  sSb'ro  goR'do  mo- 
ri'do  ni'gro,  two  mountains  of  South  America,  in  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  department  of  La  Rioja.  One  of  them 
is  said  to  yield  gold-ore. 

Cer'ros,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of 
Lower  California,  in  lat.  28°  12'  N.,  Ion.  115°  20'  W. 
Length,  N.  to  S.,  30  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles.  Coasts  greatly 
indented ;  surface  rugged  and  barren. 

Cersas,  or  Kersus,  Syria.    See  Msrkez. 

Certa,  or  Serta,  sdR'tA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  3912. 

CertaIdo,chdR-t&l'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  18^ 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Elsa.  Pop.  7120. 
It  is  celebrated  as  the  birthplace  of  Boccaccio. 

Ceru'lean  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Trigg  oo.,  Ky., 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cadiz,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Hopkins- 
ville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  a  grist-mill,  &o.  Here  is 
a  sulphur  spring  which  is  much  frequented. 

Cervaro,  chfiR-vi'ro  (anc.  Cerbalua),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  in  the  Apennines  near  Ariano,  and,  after  a  N.E.  coarse 
of  50  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Manfredonia. 

Cervaro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  4836. 

Cervasca,  ch5R-v8,s'k&,  a  village  of  Italy,  6i  miles 
S.W.  of  Coni,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Stura.     Pop.  2686. 

Cervatos  de  la  Cueza,  thfiR-vi'toce  di  1ft  kwi'- 
thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palenoia.  P.  821. 

Cerveira,  or  Villa -Nova  da  Cerveira,viri&-no'v4 
dk  sSR-vi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Vianna,  on  the  Minho,     Pop.  2300. 

Cervera,  thSR-vi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Lerida.  Pop.  about  5000.  It  stands  on  a  conspicuous 
height,  is  well  built,  and  enclosed  with  old  walls.  The  prin- 
cipal edifices  are  those  of  its  former  university  (transferred 
to  Barcelona),  and  some  handsome  churches  and  convents. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  58  miles  N.  of  Palencia. 
Pop. 1858. 

Cervera  del  Rio  Alhama,  th^R-v^'ri  ddl  ree'o  &I- 
h'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  LogroSo,  18  miles  S.  of 
Calahorra.     Pop.  3586. 

Cervetere,  ch8R-vSt'A-ri,  or  Cervetri,  ohir-vd'tree. 
I.e.,  Cere  Vetere,  G«re  Vetua,  "Old  Caere"  (anc.  Cx're),  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  the  Campagna,  27  miles  W.  of  Rome. 
Caere  was  in  antiquity  one  of  the  12  great  cities  of  Etruria. 
Its  acropolis  is  occupied  by  the  modem  village,  and  remains 
of  Pelasgic  walls  and  Etruscan  tombs  still  exist.     P.  1883. 

Cervia,  chfiR've-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  13i 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ravenna,  on  the  Adriatic.  Its  salt-works 
in  the  adj  oining  marshes  are  important.  Cervia  is  a  bishop's 
see.     Pop.  5733. 

Cervicales,  ch5R-ve-ki'18s,  or  Cipricaglie,  che- 
pre-kil'yi,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Mediterranean, 
S.E.  of  the  island  of  Corsica.     Lat.  41°  33'  N. 

Cervinara,  ch4R-ve-n8,'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  8047. 

Cervin,  Mont.    See  Mont  Cervin. 

Cervione,  chfiR-ve-o'n4,  a  town  on  the  B.  ooafit  of  Cor- 
sica, 26  miles  S.  of  Bastia.     Pot).  1609. 

Cervoli,ch5R-vo'lee  (anc.Cb?uwi6a'rta?),  asmall  island 
of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  E.  of  Elba. 

Ceryneia,  an  ancient  name  of  Cerina. 

Cerza  Maggiore,  chSBd'zi  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Campobasso. 

Cerza  Piccola,  chSRd'za  pik'ko-14,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  6  miles  S.  of  Campobasso. 

Cesana,  ohi-s4'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  and  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Belluno.     Pop.  2430. 

Cesano  Maderno,  chLsa,'no  mi-d5R'no,  a  village  of 
Italy,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Seveso.     P.  1903. 

Ce'sar  Creek,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  P.  556. 

Cesarea.    See  C^sarea. 

Cesaro,  chi-si'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  a  hill,  7i  miles 
N.W.  of  Bronte.     Pop.  4348. 

Cesena,  chi-si'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Forli, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Forli,  on  the  Emilian  Way,  Pop., 
with  suburbs,  35,870.  Principal  buildings,  the  town  hall  in 
the  great  square,  the  Capuchin  church,  with  a  fine  painting 
by  Guercino,  the  library  founded  in  1462  and  rich  in  MSS., 
a  cathedral,  and  a  large  theatre.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Popes  Pius  VI.  and  VII.  were  both  natives  of  this  town. 


The  adjacent  Benedictine  monastery  has  a  fine  church. 
The  sulphur-  and  vitriol-works  of  Bologna  and  Rimini  ar« 
supplied  with  sulphur  from  the  mines  S.  of  Cesena. 

Cesenatico,  chi-si-n4'te-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cesena,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop, 
6178.     It  is  partly  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  small  harbor. 

Cesi,  cha'see,  or  Cesio,  ch4'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  7 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Nami.  Near  it  is  the  Grotta  del  Vento, 
whence  a  strong  current  of  wind  issues.     Pop.  ]  582. 

Cessenon,  sfis^s^h-niuo',  a  village  of  France,  in  H6rault, 

15  miles  E.  of  St.  Pons,  on  the  Orbe.     Pop.  1950. 
Cess'ford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  6 

miles  N.E.  of  Jedburgh,  Here  is  an  ancient  castle,  famous 
in  the  border  wars. 

Cess'na,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.    Pop.  752. 

Cessna,  a  post-oflace  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Holderbaum  Branch  of  the  Bedford  A  Bridgeport 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Bedford, 

Cesson,  sfis*s6N<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ile-et- 
Vilaine,  3  miles  E.  of  Rennes,  on  the  Vilaine.     Pop.  2626, 

Cestona,  thSs-to'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Quipuzcoa^ 
11  miles  S.W.  of  San  Sebastian,  near  the  Urola. 

Cestos,  a  river  of  Liberia.     See  Sestos. 

C6ton,  s4H6n»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  23  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1060. 

Cetona,  chi-to'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Si- 
enna, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Chiusi,  Pop.  3989.  It  is  built 
around  the  foot  of  Mount  Cetona,  and  has  a  castle,  a  rich 
collection  of  Etruscan  antiquities,  a  palace,  kc. 

Cetraro,  chi-tri'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
senza,  with  a  small  fishing-port  on  the  Mediterranean,  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  6473. 

Cette,  sfitt  (anc.  Mona  Se'tiua  or  Se'tium  Promonto'  riutii), 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  H6rault,  at  the  head  of  the 
railway  from  Beaucaire,  on  a  tongue  of  land  separating  the 
salt  lagoon  of  Thau  from  the  Mediterranean,  19  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Montpellier.  Lat.  of  light-house,  43°  23'  48" 
N. ;  Ion.  3°  42'  16"  E.  Pop.  24,177.  It  is  a  fortress  of  the 
first  class,  defended  by  a  citadel,  and  is  well  built:  the 
principal  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Louis,  the  publie 
baths,  and  library.     Its  harbor  is  spacious  and  secure,  from 

16  to  19  feet  in  depth,  and  is  formed  by  two  piers  with  a 
breakwater  in  front,  defended  by  forts  on  either  pier.  A 
broad  and  deep  canal,  bordered  with  quays  and  warehouses, 
connects  the  port  with  the  lagoon  and  with  the  Canal  du 
Midi,  and  with  canals  leading  to  the  Rhone,  by  which  means 
Cette  carries  on  an  extensive  traflSc.  The  imports  comprise 
inferior  wine  from  Spain,  pitch,  sulphur,  timber,  cotton 
and  wool,  colonial  produce,  Ac.  The  exports  consist  of  wine, 
brandy,  almonds,  verdigris,  salt  from  adjacent  salt-works, 
syrups,  liqueurs,  soap,  perfumery,  and  glass-wares,  the 
products  of  its  own  factories.  Cette  has  a  large  foreign  and 
coastwise  trade,  and  also  an  active  oyster-  and  anchovy- 
fishery.  The  principal  articles  manufactured  in  Cette  are 
grape  sugar,  spirits,  perfumes,  syrups,  soap,  and  casks.  It 
has  also  glass-works  and  ship-building  yards.  There  are 
large  establishments  for  the  rectification  of  wines  for  export, 
Cette  is  the  residence  of  various  consuls,  and  has  a  tribunal 
of  commerce,  a  school  of  navigation,  a  commercial  college,, 
and  a  communal  college.  It  is  of  modern  origin,  having 
been  founded  by  Louis  XIV.,  in  1666,  at  the  base  of  the 
ancient  Mona  Setiua  (whence  its  name). 

Cettinje,  or  Cetinje,  ohit-teen'y&,  written  also  Ze* 
tinge,  Cettin,  chet-teen',  and  Cettigno,  chfit-teen'yo,. 
a  town  and  capital  of  the  principality  of  Montenegro,  l7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cattaro,  and  about  25  miles  N.  of  the  sea- 
port of  Antivari.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  prince  and  the 
Dishop,  and  has  a  palace,  an  abbey,  an  arsenal,  a  gaol,  a 
theatre  (in  which  is  the  state  library  and  national  mu- 
seum), a  hospital,  a  theological  seminary,  a  gymnasium, 
and  a  girls'  high  school,  supported  by  the  empress  of 
Russia,     Pop.  about  1200. 

Centa,  su'ta  (Sp.  pron.  thS'oo-ti ;  anc.  S^ta  f ;  Moor- 
ish, Sehta),  a  seaport  town  of  Africa,  belonging  to  Spain,  in 
Morocco,  opposite  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gibraltar.  Lat. 
(Mount  Acho)  36°  54'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  16'  6"  W.  The  cas- 
tle occupies  the  highest  point  of  a  mountain  (the  ancient 
Ahyla,  and  one  of  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  the  rock  of  Gib- 
raltar being  the  other)  at  the  extremity  of  the  peninsula. 
On  the  narrow  isthmus  at  the  opposite  extremity  is  another 
strong  citadel ;  and  between  the  two  is  the  town,  which  has 
a  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  hospital,  a  convict  estab- 
lishment, and  schools.  Ceuta  has  many  points  of  resem- 
blance to  Gibraltar ;  it  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and,  if 
properly  garrisoned,  would  be  all  but  impregnable.  It  i» 
the  chief  of  the  Spanish  preaidiot  on  the  African  coast,  th« 
seat  of  a  royal  court,  and  the  residence  of  a  military  gov 


CEV 


tmor.  It  was  taken  from  the  Moors  by  Portugal  in  1416, 
mad  has  belonged  to  Spain  since  1640.     Pop.  10,396. 

Ceva,  ohi'vi  (anc.  Ce'ba),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
26  miles  E.  of  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.  Pop.  4929.  It  stands 
at  the  foot  of  a  rock  on  which  is  a  dismantled  citadel.  It 
has  manufactures  of  silk  twiat,  and  a  trade  in  cheese. 

C6venne8,siV5nn'  (ano.  Ceben'na  or  Ceben'na  Mons), 
a  range  of  mountains  in  the  S.  of  France,  commencing 
at  the  Canal  du  Midi,  W.  of  Carcassonne,  and  running 
N.N.E.  to  the  Canal  du  Centre.  They  are  divided  into  the 
South  and  North  C6vennes :  the  former,  under  the  names 
of  the  Montagnes  Noires,  Espinouse,  Garrigues,  and  Lozdre, 
extend  over  120  miles  to  Mont  LozSre,  where  the  chain 
forms  a  group  called  Monts  du  G6vatidan,  which  sends  sev- 
eral contreforts  to  the  N.  and  S.  The  North  C6vennes  take 
the  names  of  Monts  Vivarais,  Lyonnais,  Forez,  and  Charo- 
lais.  The  Loire,  Allier,  Lot,  Aveyron,  Tarn,  H6rault,  Gard, 
and  other  rivers  have  their  sources  in  these  mountains,  the 
S.  portions  of  which  contain  many  extinct  volcanoes  and 
present  many  deep  fissures  in  the  higher  valleys.  The 
highest  points  are  Mezin,  5794  feet,  and  Lozdre,  4884  feet 
%bove  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  C6vennes  served  as  a  re- 
Ireat  for  numerous  Protestant  families  after  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes. 

C6venne8j  an  old  country  of  France,  which  formed  the 
N.B.  part  of  Languedoc.  Capital,  Mende.  It  was  divided 
into  G6vaudan,  Velay,  Vivarais,  and  C^vennes  proper,  the 
last  now  chiefly  included  in  the  department  of  Gard. 

Cevero- Vostochnoi.    See  Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi. 

Cevico  de  la  Torre,  thi-vee'ko  dk  1&  toK'ni,  a 

iwn  of  Spain,  Leon,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Palencia.  Pop.  2072, 

Cevolla,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Cebolla. 

Ceylon,  see-Ion'  or  ail-on'  (native,  Singhala,  sing-gi'- 
anc.  Taproh'ane),  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  form- 

ig  a   crown   colony  of  Great  Britain.     Separated  from 

ininsular  India  by  a  strait  called  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  it 

entirely  independent  of  the  British  Indian  government, 
lies  between  lat.  6°  55'  and  9°  61'  N.,  Ion.  79°  41'  40" 

d  81°  54'  60"  E.     Length,  N.  and  S.,  271  miles ;  greatest 

eadth,    137  miles.     Area,   including  some  small  coast- 

ilands,  24,702  square  miles.     It  is  generally  mountainous, 

except  in  the   N.,  where  the  country  is  a  wide  plain. 

Piduru  Talagala,  8295  feet  high,  is  the  loftiest  peak.     The 

'  and  forms,  as  a  whole,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  regions 

the  world.     The  soil,  for  the  most  part  not  highly  fertile, 

still,  under  the  influence  of  abundant  moisture  and  of  an 
otherwise  propitious  climate,  admirably  adapted  to  the  pro- 
duction of  the  great  staples  of  the  island,  which  are  cofi'ee, 
cinnamon,  cocoanut  oil,  coir,  rice,  tobacco,  <fcc.  Irrigation 
is  extensively  practised.  The  native  agriculture  is  well 
conducted,  and  there  are  many  English  planters.  Some 
tea  and  cinchona  bark  are  produced.  Gold,  iron,  and  pre- 
cious stones  are  among  the  minerals.  Plumbago  is  largely 
obtained  here,  and  fine  ornamental  woods  are  also  exported. 
Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  elephant,  several  species 
of  deer,  monkeys,  bears,  and  panthers.  Pearl  oysters  (of 
two  distinct  genera)  abound  on  the  coast,  and  the  fishery 
affords  in  some  years  a  handsome  revenue.  The  dominant 
race  of  people  are  the  Singhalese,  who,  though  Booddhists, 
have  a  rigid  system  of  caste.  The  Tamils  are  mainly  of 
the  Brahmanio  religion,  and  there  are  many  Moham- 
medans (Moormen),  chiefly  of  Arabic  descent.  Among  the 
wild  tribes  are  the  degraded  Veddahs.  The  Portuguese 
(1517-1658)  and  the  Dutch  (1638-1796)  had  large  posses- 
sions here,  and  there  are  not  a  few  of  their  descendants 
in  the  country.  The  government  is  administered  by  a 
British  governor,  who,  like  the  other  principal  ofiicers,  is 

pointed  by  the  crown.     The  governor  has  unusually  large 

wers.  There  is  a  system  of  public  education.  Several 
ailways  are  in  operation.  The  principal  towns  are  Co- 
lombo, Jaffna,  Kandy,  and  Galle.     Pop.  in  1891,  3,008,239, 

Ceylon,  se'lon,  a  post-oflBce  and  station  of  Erie  oo,,  0., 
in  Berlin  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sandusky  City. 

Ceylon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Cumber- 
land township.     Here  coal  is  mined.     It  has  a  store. 

Ceylon,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.     Pop.  348. 

C^ze,  sfiz  or  siz,  a  river  of  France,  in  Gard,  joins  the 
Rhone  6  miles  W.  of  Orange.     Length,  50  miles. 

Cezimbra,  si-zeem'brfl,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  on  the  Atlantic,  18  miles  S.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3085. 

Chaam,  Kim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breda.     Pop,  1358. 

Chabanais,  shi^bi^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente, 
or  the  Vienne,  30  miles  N.B.  of  Angoulgme.     Pop.  1733. 

Chabarova,  chi-bi-ro'vi,  a  town  on  the  Arctic  coast 
of  Siberia,  at  the  point  nearest  to  the  island  of  Vaigats. 


i 


843  CHA 

Chaberis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Catert. 

Chabeuil,shfi,^bti!'  (anc.  Cere&e^^taca),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Drftme,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valence,  on  the  Vdoure,  It  haa 
manufactures  of  silk.     Pop.  4461. 

Chabkan,  or  Tchabkan,  ch&b^k&n',  written  also 
Djabkan  and  Tschagan  Tokoi,  a  river  of  the  Chi- 
nese dominions,  in  the  Khalkas  country,  after  a  generally 
W.  course,  estimated  at  600  miles,  enters  Lake  Ike-Aral- 
Nor  near  lat.  48°  N.,  Ion.  90°  E. 

Chablais,  sh&^bli'  (It.  Sciablete,  shi-bli'si),  a  former 
province  of  Savoy,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  between  the  Val- 
lese  and  the  Genevese. 

Chabliak,  Tchabliak,  ch&bMe-&k',  Sabliak,  s&- 
ble-&k',  Sziabak,  see'&-b&k',  or  Tchiabak,  chee^&-b&k', 
a  town  of  Montenegro,  18  miles  N.  of  Scutari,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Moratsha  into  the  Lake  of  Scutari.  It  is 
stated  to  comprise  250  houses, 

Chablis,  sh&^blee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Yonne,  9  miles  E.  of  Auxerre,  on  the  Serein.  Pop.  2339. 
In  its  vicinity  is  produced  the  wine  called  Ghabli«. 

Chabon,  a  village  of  Santo  Domingo.    See  QmABOM. 

Chabris,  shi^bree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  30 
miles  N.  of  Ch&,teauroux.     Pop.  3111. 

Chabur,  or  Chaboras,  a  river.    See  Khaboor. 

Chacabuco,  ch&-kS,-boo'ko,  a  town  of  Chili,  26  miles 
N.  of  Santiago  de  Chile,  on  the  Colina. 

Chacahoula  (sha^ki-hoo'li)  Station,  a  post-village 
of  Terre  Bonne  parish,  La.,  on  the  Louisiana  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  W.S.W.  from  New  Orleans.  It  is  on  the 
Chacahoula  Bayou,  which  is  dry  in  summer.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  sugar-mills. 

Cbacao,  chi-k&'o  or  ch3,-kSw',  a  small  town  of  Chili, 
with  a  good  port,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Chiloe, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Ancud. 

Chacao  Strait,  a  narrow  channel  in  South  America, 
between  the  coast  of  Chili  and  the  N.  side  of  Chiloe. 

Chace's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Middle- 
borough  <fc  Taunton  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Taunton. 

Chachacomani,  ch4-ch8,-ko-mi'nee,  a  mountain-peak 
of  the  Andes,  in  Bolivia.  Lat.  16°  S.;  Ion.  68°  25'  W. 
Height,  20,235  feet. 

Chachapoyas,  chi-chi-po'yis,  or  ChacapoyaS) 
chi-k5,-po'yl,s,  improperly  written  Caihapoyas,  some- 
times called  San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  sin  ju'an  (or 
sin  H00-8,n')  di  li  fron-ti'rS,,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Amazonas,  and  of  a  province  of  its  own  name, 
70  miles  N.E.  of  Caxamarca.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  It  has  a 
university,  sv  fine  cathedral,  and  a  grand  plaza,  and  is  clean 
and  well  paved.     Pop.  6000. 

Chaco,  El  Gran.    See  El  Grah  Chaco. 

Chad,  Tchad,  or  Tschad,  chid,  written  also  Tsad, 
a  lake  of  Central  Africa,  between  Bornoo  on  the  W.,  Eanem 
on  the  N.E.,  and  Baghirmi  on  the  S.E. 

The  N.W,  shore  of  Lake  Chad,  where  it  reaches  farthest 
W,,  and  not  far  from  its  N,  limit,  lies  in  about  lat,  14°  16' 
N,,  Ion.  12°  50'  E.  From  N.  to  S.  it  has  probably  an  ex- 
tent of  120  or  150  miles.  Its  width,  from  E.  to  W.,  was 
estimated  by  Denham  to  be  130  miles ;  but  Overweg,  rely- 
ing chiefly  on  native  information,  reduces  this  to  60  or  80 
miles,  for  its  area  varies  from  10,000  square  miles  in  the 
dry  season  to  about  50,000  in  December.  Overweg  em- 
barked on  the  lake  at  Maduari,  a  boat-harbor  a  little  to 
the  E.  of  Kooka,  made  his  way  through  narrow  channels 
between  small  islands  covered  with  reeds,  in  which  hippo- 
potami find  shelter,  and  at  last  entered  the  Inkibul,  or  open 
water.  Steering  N.E.  for  two  days,  he  reached  a  labyrinth 
of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  did  not  exceed  5  miles  in 
length.  On  one  of  these  islands  (Belarigo)  he  spent  four 
days,  being  treated  with  the  greatest  kindness  by  the 
natives.  He  then  sailed  farther  E.,  still  among  islands, 
with  now  and  then  a  view  of  the  open  sea,  but  was  dis- 
suaded by  the  islanders  from  landing  on  the  E.  side. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  islands  in  the  middle  and  on  the 
N.E.  side  of  the  lake  are  the  Biddumas,  an  independent, 
piratical  nation,  of  mixed  origin,  their  islands  having 
afforded  a  refuge  to  the  persecuted  of  surrounding  nations. 
They  are  well  made  and  active,  with  jet-black  complexions 
and  regular  features.  Some  of  the  islands  are  densely  peo- 
pled. Cattle  and  goats  are  abundant ;  com  and  cotton  ar 
the  chief  objects  of  cultivation. 

The  mean  elevation  of  Lake  Chad  is  about  1160  feet,  but 
it  is  subject  to  great  changes  of  level.  The  country  around 
it  is  everywhere  low,  and,  on  its  W,  and  S.  shores  at  least, 
extremely  fertile.  This  great  fresh-water  lake  is  compara- 
tively shallow,  its  depth  being  found  to  vary  from  8  to  15 
feet.  It  is  stocked  with  fish,  water-fowl,  turtle  of  enormoui 
size,  and  crocodiles.     Lake  Chad    receives,  besides  manf 


CHA 


844 


CHA 


gmall  streams,  the  Yeoo,  which  flows  into  it  from  the  hills 
of  Houssa  in  the  W.,  with  a  course  of  perhaps  400  miles. 
It  descends  rapidly,  and  is  dry  at  its  mouth  during  five 
months  of  the  year.  Its  chief  tributary  is  the  Shari,  a 
great  and  navigable  river,  descending  through  Eaghirmi. 

Lake  Chad  has  ordinarily  no  outlet,  but  at  extreme  high 
water  its  surplus  is  sometimes  poured  into  a  great  basin 
called  Bodele,  300  miles  northeastward,  by  a  broad  channel 
known  as  the  Bahr-el-Gazal. 

Chadda^  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Benuwe. 

Chadd's  Ford,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Brandywine  Creek,  30  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  about  12  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Media.  It  has 
a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  flour-  and  grist-mill.  The  battle 
of  Brandywine  was  fought  here,  September  11,  1777. 

Chadi-Lenbu,  ch4'dee-l5-oo-boo',  a  river  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  forming  a  continuation  of  the  Atuel,  and 
entering  the  Rio  Salado,  in  lat.  36°  40'  S. 

Chadobets,  or  Tchadobetz,  oh&-do-bSts',  a  river 
of  Siberia,  rises  in  Yeniseisk.  It  flows  very  oircuitously 
about  200  miles,  and  joins  the  Angara  at  Chadobsk. 

Chad'ron,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dawes  co..  Neb.,  32 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Rushville.  It  has  6  churches, 
4  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  packing-house,  roller-mills, 
a  foundry,  a  creamery,  an  academy,  public  schools,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  brooms.     Pop.  1867. 

Chad'wick,  a  post- hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Ionia.     It  has  a  church. 

Chadwick's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  district 
school,  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Chseronea,  kSr-o-nee'a,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  in 
Bceotia,  5  miles  N.  of  Livadia,  famous  for  a  victory  gained 
by  Philip  of  Macedon  over  the  Athenians  and  Thebans, 
338  B.C.,  and  for  Sylla's  victory  over  the  general  of  Mith- 
ridates,  B.C.  86.  Its  remains  comprise  an  ancient  theatre, 
one  of  the  most  perfect  in  Greece,  an  aqueduct,  and  a  small 
temple.  On  a  portion  of  the  site  stands  the  village  of 
Kapurna,  with  a  church  in  which  are  some  interesting  an- 
tiquities ;  and  about  1  mile  distant  is  the  mutilated  colossal 
lion  surmounting  the  sepulchre  of  the  Boeotians  who  fell  at 

the  battle  of  Chaeronea. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ch^ronean, 

kfir-o-nee'an. 

Chaffa'rine  Islands.    See  Zaffarik  Islands. 

Chaf'finville,  a  village  of  Holden  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Barre  <fc  Gardner  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Chagny,  shin^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa&ne-et-Loire, 
at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Chaion-sur-Sa&ne. 
Pop.  3876.  It  has  quarries  of  stone  and  manufactures  of 
glass,  oil,  flour,  Ac. 

Cha'gos  Islands,  an  extensive  archipelago  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  being  a  southward  extension  of  the  Maldive 
group.  Lat.  5°-8°  S. ;  Ion.  71°-73°  E.  They  are  all  small, 
of  coral  formation,  and  are  disposed  in  many  minor  groups. 
In  the  S.E.  is  an  island  called  Chagos,  Grand  Chagos,  or 
Diego  Garcia.  The  islands  are  claimed  by  Great  Britain, 
and  are  scantily  peopled.     Chief  product,  cocoanut  oil. 

Chagres,  cha'grfis,  a  small  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chagres  River.  Lat.  9°  18'  N.j  Ion.  79°  59' 
W.  It  is  a  mere  collection  of  huts,  miserable  and  extremely 
unhealthy,  with  a  harbor  for  vessels  drawing  10  or  12  feet 
of  yf  ater.  The  entrance  to  the  harbor  is  rather  difficult,  re- 
quiring a  fair  wind ;  but  when  the  vessel  has  once  entered 
it  is  perfectly  secure. 

Chagres  River,  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises 
about  3u  milet  N.E.  of  Panama,  flows  at  first  W.,  and  then 
N.,  and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  near  lat.  9°  18'  13"  N. 
It  traverses  a  fertile  country,  and  below  the  influx  of  the 
Trinidad  its  depth  varies  from  16  to  30  feet;  but  its  naviga- 
tion is  impeded  by  numerous  falls  and  by  its  great  rapidity. 
Affluents,  the  Pequeni,  Trinidad,  and  Gatun. 

Chagrin  (sha-green')  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Cuya- 
hoga 00.  C,  on  the  Chagrin  River,  about  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  is  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Solon,  on  the  Cleve- 
land &  Canton  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  an  iron-foundry, 
excellent  flagstone-quarries,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery,  paper,  maple-sugar,  cheese,  lamp-  and  book- 
stand-holders, &c.  The  river  here  affords  water-power 
(which  is  employed  in  several  mills),  and  flows  through 

Eioturesque  scenery.     One  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
ere.     Pop.  in  1890,  1243 ;  of  the  township,  1564. 
Chagrin  (or  Chagrine)  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Geauga 
CO.,  near  Chardon,  and  runs  S.W.  to  Chagrin  Falls.     From 
this  point  it  flows  N.  through  Cuyahoga  co.,  and  enters 
Lake  Erie  in  the  W.  part  of  Lake  co. 


Chahan,  or  Tchahan,  chi^h&n',  called  also  Tcha^- 
han'-Sou^bar^kan'-KhoHon',  a  town  of  Mongolin- 
about  200  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peking.  Lat.  41°  55'  N. ;  Ion. 
119°  5'  E.   It  has  a  summer  palace  of  the  Chinese  emperor. 

Chaharbag,  chi-han-big',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  r*» 
miles  N.  of  Cabool.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  swords,  gun 
barrels,  and  cutlery. 

Chaibassa,  or  Chaibasa,  chi-b&s'&,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  Singbhoom  district,  100  miles  W.  of  Midna- 
poor.     Pop.  4200. 

Chain ac,  sh^^y&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  2643. 

Chaillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Yienne,  5  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Rochechouart,  on  the  Vienne.     Pop.  1221. 

Chailland,  sh4^y&N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne, 
on  the  Ern6e,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laval.     Pop.  2340. 

Chaille- les-Marais,  sh&I-li-m&'ri',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Vendue,  28  miles  S.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon. 
Pop.  2487. 

Chaillevette,  shi^y^h-vfitt',  a  seaport  of  France,  in 
Charente-Inf6rieure,  6  miles  S.  of  Marennes.     Pop.  935. 

Chain  Dam,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa,,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Easton. 

Chain  Island,  or  Anaa,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  in 
the  Anaa  group.  Low  Archipelago,  207  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Tahiti.     Lat.  17°  23°'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  38'  W. ;  12  miles  long. 

Chain  Lake  Centre,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Martin 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato.  Here  are 
several  little  lakes. 

Chain  of  Rocks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo., 
in  Monroe  township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wentzville  Station. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chainpoor,  chin^poor',  Chayanpoor,  chi^&n-poor', 
or  Chyne^pore',  a  town  of  the  Shahabad  district,  Bengal, 
39  miles  S.E.  of  Benares.     Pop.  4029. 

Chainpoor,  a  town  of  India,  Sarun  district.    P.  3044 

Chaires,  a  station  in  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Jackson- 
ville, Pensacola  <i;  Mobile  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee. 

Chair'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1^  miles 
from  Medford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chai- Ya,  sbi'y&\  a  maritime  town  of  Siam,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  9°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  30'  E. 

Chakha  (ch&'k&)  Mountains,  a  range  in  Abyssinia, 
forming  the  S.  boundary  of  Shoa,  and  the  water-shed  be- 
tween the  Nile  and  Hawaah  Rivers. 

Chakni,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district.     P.  3368. 

Chakowul,  or  Tschekawal,  chek-5w'al,  a  town  o' 
India,  Punjab,  district  and  48  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rawil 
Pinde.     Pop.  6764. 

Chat  a,  ch&'l&,  a  port  of  Peru,  department  of  Arequipa, 
on  the  Pacific,  about  lat.  15°  50'  S.,  Ion.  74°  W. 

Chalabre,  sh&^l&b'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  on 
the  Lers,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  2218. 

Chalain  Mew,  a  town  of  Burmah.    See  Sillah  Mew. 

Chalais,  shi^li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Barbezieux,  on  the  Tude.     Pop.  775. 

Chalamari,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chilhart. 

Chalamont,  8h&Md,^m6M«',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ain,  19  miles  E.  of  Tr6voux.     Pop.  1147. 

Chalan^on,  sh8,U6N»^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  ArdSche,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Tournon.     Pop.  1144. 

Chalatdere,  Tchalatdere,  ch&-lit-d4'r&,  or  Salat- 
dere,  siMat-di-ri'  (anc.  Grani'cus),  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of  Mount  Ida,  and  falls  into 
the  Sea  of  Marmora  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  45  miles. 

Chalbak,  Tchalbak,  or  Tschalbak,  chilbik', 
written  also  Chelbasie  and  Tchelbasie,  chirbi'see,  a 
river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W.  of  the  Caucasus,  enters  th« 
country  of  the  Cossacks,  flows  W.,  expanding  into  several 
lakes,  and  falls  into  the  Sea  of  Azof.     Length,  160  miles. 

Chalbuanca,  chil-boo-in'ka,  a  town  of  Peru,  80  miles 
S.W.  of  Cuzco,  province  of  Aimaraez,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Apurimac. 

Chalcedony  Butte,  kal-sed'o-n?  bate,  Colorado,  a 
mountain  in  lat.  38°  47'  50"  N.,  Ion.  105°  41'  W,  It  has 
an  altitude  of  10,400  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Chalcis,  kal'sis,  Chalkis,  kil'kis,  or  Neg'ropont 
(Turk.  Eg'ripo>  or  Eg'^ripoa'),  a  town  of  Greece,  capital  of 
Euboea,  on  the  Buripus,  at  its  narrowest  part,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Thebes.  It  has  a  large  citadel 
and  a  glacis,  beyond  which  is  the  town,  enclosed  on  the 
land-side  by  old  walls,  and  having  many  edifices  of  Vene- 
tian construction,  with  mosques,  barracks,  and  schools.  In 
and  around  the  town  are  remains  of  antiquity.     Pop.  6447. 

Chalco,  chil'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  25  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Mexico,  on  the  Lake  of  Chalco,  a  basin  9  miles  io 
length  by  6  miles  in  width. 


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Chaldea,  kal-dee'g,,  the  name  given  to  an  ancient  ter- 
ritorial division  of  Asia,  on  the  borders  of  the  Euphrates, 
the  extent  of  which  has  varied  much  at  different  times.  In 
■ome  parts  of  the  Old  Testament  the  name  Chaldea  appears 
to  be  a  designation  for  the  whole  Babylonian  Empire ;  and, 
in  accordance  with  this,  some  of  the  oldest  profane  writers, 
and  particularly  Berosus,  speak  of  Babylon  as  a  great  resort 
of  the  people  inhabiting  Chaldea.  Ultimately,  however, 
the  term  was  much  restricted  in  meaning,  and  Chaldea  was 
used  to  designate  only  a  particular  district  at  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Babylonia,  extending  along  the  Persian  Gulf 
and  upwards  between  the  right  bank  of  the  Euphrates  and 
Arabia. Adj.  and  inhab.  Chaldean,  kal-dee'an. 

Chaleur  (or  Chal  eurs)  Bay.  See  Bay  of  Chaleurs. 

Chal'fant's,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Perry  co.,  0., 
in  Hopewell  township,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad 
(Straitsville  division),  19i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newark. 

Chal'fin  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  111., 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Waterloo.     It  has  a  public  school. 

Chal'font)  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  New 
Britain  township,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  and  on  the  Doyles- 
town  Branch  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels,  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  about  250. 

Chal'font  St.  Giles,  s^nt  jilz,  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Bucks,  3  miles  S.  of  Amersham.  William  Penn,  the 
founder  of  the  colony  of  Pennsylvania,  is  buried  in  its 
Friends'  cemetery.  During  the  plague  in  1665,  Milton 
made  this  parish  his  residence,  and  here  he  finished  his 
great  poem,  "  Paradise  Lost." 

Chal'grove,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  5  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Wallingford.     In  1643  the  Parliamentary  forces 
were  defeated  here  by  royal  troops  under  Prince  Rupert. 
id  the  patriot  Hampden  was  mortally  wounded. 

Chalk  (chawk)  Bluff,  a  post-oflBce  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Chaiki  (K&l'ke)  Island,  one  of  the  Prince's  Islands, 
of  Marmora,  13  miles  from  Constantinople.     It  is  the 

Bond  largest  of  the  whole  group,  and  the  most  beautiful. 

lere  are  three  convents  on  it,  one  of  which  is  now  a  college. 

Chalk  (chawk)  Lev'el,  a  post-township  of  St.  Clair 
».,  Mo.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Osceola.     Pop.  851. 
-Chalk  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  10 
jliles  N.  of  Lillington. 

Chalk  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania,  co.,  Va., 

out  28  miles  N.  of  Banville.     It  has  a  church  and  a 

anery. 

Chalk  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
about  16  miles  S.  of  Alma.     It  has  a  church  and  a 

mmon  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chalk'y  Bay,  an  inlet  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
New  Munster,  one  of  the  New  Zealand  Islands.  Lat.  46° 
S. ;  Ion.  166°  20'  B.  It  is  separated  on  the  S.E.  by  the  pen- 
insula of  Garden  Island  from  Preservation  Bay,  and  on  the 
N.W.  by  another  peninsula  from  Dusky  Bay.  Length, 
about  16  miles.  The  shores  are  very  much  indented,  and 
it  has  deep  water  throughout,  with  several  good  harbors, 
including  Port  Chalky. 

Challa,  oh&ri&,  a  pass  of  the  East  Cordillera  of  the 

livian  Andes,  14,700  feet  above  sea-level.    Lat.  17°  40'  S. 

Challans,  shiridijo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue  (in 
Les  Sables  d'Olonne),  23  miles  N.W.  of  La  Roche-sur- 
Yon.     Pop.  1775. 

ChaI'lis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caster  co.,  Idaho, 
125  miles  N.E.  of  Boisg  City.     Pop.  650. 

Challonois,  or  Challonais,  sh&rio^n^',  an  old  di- 

lion  of  France,  in  the  province  of  Burgundy,  now  com- 

ised  in  the   department   of  Sa6ne-et-Loire.     Its  capital 

'.!>  Ch3,lon-8ur-SaQne. 
_  Chal'mers,  a  township  of  McDonough  co.,  111.     Pop, 
'484,  exclusive  of  Macomb.    It  contains  a  part  of  Macomb. 

Chalmers,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  in  Big 
Creek  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  an  academy,  and  a 
broom-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Chalmers  Port,  New  Zealand.    See  Port  Chalmers. 

Ch^lon.     See  Chalon-sur-Sa8nb. 

Chalonnes-sur-Loire,  shiMonn'-silR-lwaR',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire,  on  the  Loire,  12  miles  by  rail 
■".W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  650.1. 

Chaions-sur-Mrarne,shiU6No'-8UR-maRn(ano.  Cata- 
'au'ni,  Catalan' num,  or  Dnro-Oatalau'num),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Marne,  in  an  open  country,  on 
the  railway  from  Paris  to  Strasburg,  and  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Marne,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  stone  bridge,  106  miles 
E.  of  Paris,  and  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rheims.  Lat.  48° 
67'  22"  N. :  Ion.  4°  21'  42"  E.     Elevation,  270  feet.     Pop. 


19,639.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  irregularly  built. 
Chief  edifices,  the  cathedral,  a  large  Greco-Gothic  structure, 
the  town  hall  and  prefecture,  both  good  buildings,  the 
churches  of  Notre-Dame  and  St.  Alpin,  the  barracks,  arch 
of  St.  Croix,  and  a  school  of  arts  and  trades.  Outside  of 
the  city  is  a  fine  planted  promenade,  termed  the  Jard. 
Chl,lons  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  diocesan  school,  a  com- 
mercial tribunal,  schools  of  geometry,  design,  Ac,  a  botanic 
garden,  a  theatre,  scientific  collections,  a  public  library  of 
28,000  volumes,  and  manufactores  of  woollen,  linen,  and 
cotton  goods,  with  extensive  tanneries,  cooperages,  and  dye 
factories.  Early  in  the  Christian  era  it  was  one  of  the  mosl 
important  commercial  cities  of  Europe,  and  it  still  has  an 
active  trade  in  wine,  corn,  wool,  hemp,  rape  oil,  and  the 
products  of  its  factories.  In  its  vicinity  Tetricus  was  de- 
feated by  the  troops  of  Aurelian ;  and  Attila  was  vanquished 
by  the  Romans  and  their  allies  in  the  great  battle  of  Cha- 
lons, A.D.  451.  From  the  tenth  century  it  formed  a  kind 
of  independent  state,  governed  by  its  bishops,  till  1360, 
when  it  was  united  to  the  crown. 

Chalon-snr-Saone,  or  Ch&lons-8ur>Sadne, 
shiM6N»'-siiR-son  (anc.  Cabillo'num),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Sa&ne-et-Loire,  capital  of  the  arrondissement, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sa8ne,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  Canal  du  Centre,  and  at  the  crossing  of  two  important 
railways,  36  miles  N.  of  MS,con.  Elevation,  584  feet.  Pop. 
22,974.  It  is  well  built ;  and  a  handsome  quay,  lined  by 
good  houses,  stretches  along  the  Sadne,  which  here  becomes 
navigable  for  steamboats.  Principal  structures,  the  cathe- 
dral, St.  Peter's  church,  the  H6tel  de  la  Prefecture,  the 
town  hall,  the  Hospice  St.-Laurent  and  Hospital  of  St. 
Louis,  and  an  obelisk  to  the  memory  of  Napoleon  I.,  a  fine 
granite  column,  a  supposed  relic  of  the  Roman  period. 
Ch^lon  has  a  school  of  design,  a  public  library,  a  college,  a 
theatre,  public  baths,  large  glass-factories,  iron-works,  man- 
ufactories of  chemical  products,  farina,  <fcc.  It  is  the  centre 
of  a  considerable  trade,  and  exports  wine,  timber,  charcoal, 
iron,  and  limestone  to  other  parts  of  France. 

Csesar  had  grain-magazines  at  Cabillonum.  It  became 
the  capital  of  Burgundy  under  Gontram,  and  was  later  the 
capital  of  the  Challonois. 

Chaloo,  ch&Moo',  a  village  of  Thibet,  midway  between 
two  lakes,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Teshoo-Loomboo.  Lat. 
28°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  25'  E. 

Chalosse,  sh&^loss',  an  old  division  of  France,  in  the 
province  of  Gascony.  Its  capital  was  Saint-Sever.  It  is 
now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Landes. 

Chains,  BhiUiice'  (anc.  Cas'trum  Lu'ciif),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Limoges,  on 
the  Tardoire.  It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  in 
the  former  of  which  are  the  remains  of  the  castle  beneath 
which  Richard  I.  of  England  was  mortally  wounded  in  1199. 
Near  it  is  the  ruined  fortress  of  Montbrun.  Pop.  2181. 

Chalusns,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Trave. 

Chalybeate  (ka-IIo'e-ait)  Springs,  a  post-office  and 
summer  resort  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  21  miles  W.  of 
Thomaston.     Here  are  2  hotels. 

Chalybes,  Connecticut.    See  Roxburt  Station. 

Chalybon,  the  ancient  name  of  Aleppo, 

Cham,  a  Coptic  name  of  Egypt. 

Cham,  K&m,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  at  the  N.  end  oi 
the  Zugersee,  3  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Zug, 

Cham ,  K&m,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Cham,  and  on  a 
railway,  30  miles  N,E,  of  Ratisbon,     Pop.  2920, 

Cham,  sh&m,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  70 
miles  S.W.  of  Bangkok, 

Chama,  ch3,'mi,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  enters  Lake 
Maracaybo,  lat,  9°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  W.,  near  its  S.  extrem- 
ity, after  a  N,  course  of  about  75  miles, 

Chama,  sh&'m&,  a  river  of  Guinea,  eaters  the  Atlantic 

26  miles  W.S.W,  of  Cape  Coast  Castle,  after  a  S.  course  of 
75  miles.    At  its  mouth  is  the  village  of  Chama. 

Chama,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co.,  New  Mexico, 

27  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Amargo.     It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  295. 

Chamaka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shauaka. 

Chamalari,  a  mountain  of  India.    See  Shdhalari. 

Chamalidres,  sh&^m&^le-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  2  miles  W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.    Pop.  1259. 

Chamba,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Chdmba. 

Chamberlain,  chSm'bQr-lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen 
CO.,  Ind.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Chamberlain,  a  city  of  Brul6  co.,  S.D.,  67  miles  by 
rail  W,  of  Mitchell.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  939. 

Chambers,  cham'b^rz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ala< 


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bama,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests :  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  com,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama.  Capital, 
Lafayette.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,662 ;  in  1880,  23,440 ;  in  1890, 
26,319. 

Chambers,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  840  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  Galveston  Bay, 
and  is  intersected  by  Trinity  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ,'  the  soil  is  sandy.  Cattle  are  the  staple  product  of 
the  county.  Capital,  Wallisville.  Pop.  in  1870,  1603 ;  in 
1880,  2187;  in  1890,  2241. 

Chambers^  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ey.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Hawesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Chambers,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  18  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  O'Neill.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chambers,  a  station  on  the  Youghiogheny  Railroad, 
about  2  miles  from  Sewickley,  Pa. 

Chambers,  a  station  on  the  Utah  Western  Railroad, 
12  miles  W.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Chambersbnrg,  cham'b^rz-bilrg,  a  post-village  of 
Pike  CO.,  111.,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  is  in 
Chambersburg  township.  The  village  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  2  stores,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  720. 

Chambersburg,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  from  Orleans,  and  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chambersbarg,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co..  Mo. 

Chambersburg,  near  Trenton,  N.J.,  is  the  seat  of  a 
house  of  the  Minor  Conventuals  of  St.  Francis.  It  has  an 
academy  and  a  hospital  conducted  by  ladies  of  the  Fran- 
ciscan Tertiary  order. 

Chambersburg,  township,  Iredell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  949. 

Chambersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  10  miles  below  Gallipolis.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Here  is 
Eureka  Post-Office. 

Chambersburg,  Ohio.    See  New  CHAHBERSBURe. 

Chambersburg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0., 
in  Butler  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  165. 

Chambersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  6 
miles  W.  of  Baker  City.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Chambersburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  an  extensive  and  fertile 
valley  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Conecocheague  Creek, 
and  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  52  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Harrisburg,  22  miles  N.  of  Hagerstown,  and  157  miles  W. 
■jf  Philadelphia.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick  and 
stone.  It  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  the  Cham- 
bersburg Academy,  2  national  banks,  4  breweries,  2  iron- 
foundries,  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  shoes,  furniture, 
paper,  carriages,  farming  implements,  flour,  and  leather, 
and  a  seminary  for  girls  which  is  called  Wilson  College 
and  was  founded  in  1870.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  A  large  part  of  it  was  burned  by  the 
Confederate  army  in  1863.  The  shops  of  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad  are  located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7863. 

Chambers  Court-House,  Ala.     See  Lafayette. 

Chambers  Creek,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Ellis  co., 
nms  southeastward  into  Navarro  co.,  and  unites  with  Wax- 
•hatohie  Creek  to  form  Pecan  Creek. 

Chambers  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex., 
about  42  miles  S.  of  Dallas.     It  has  3  churches. 

Chambers  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcin- 
tosh CO.,  Ga.     Pop.  115. 

Chamber's  Island,  in  Green  Bay,  Lake  Michigan,  is 
a  part  of  the  township  of  Gibraltar,  Door  co.,  Wis. 

Chambersville,  cham'b^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Cal- 
houn CO.,  Ark.,  about  80  miles  S.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Chambersville,  a  post-office  of  Dade  co..  Mo. 

Chambersville,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in 
Rayne  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Chambertin,  shftM^bfiR-tiw',  a  famous  vineyard  of 
France,  Cote-d'Or,  6  miles  S.  of  Dijon.  It  produces  the 
finest  Burgundy  wine. 

Chamb6ry,sh6M'b4Vee',  or  Chamberry  (Ital.  Giam- 
beri,  sh&m-b^'ree ;  L.  Ghamberi'acum  or  Oamperi' acum),  a 
city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Savoy,  on  the 
Laisse,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Geneva.  Pop.  19,950. 
It  is  irregularly  laid  out,  and  dull.  Public  walks  replace 
its  levelled  fortifications.     The  piincipal  buildings  are  the 


old  castle  of  the  dukes  of  Savoy,  a  cathedral,  convents,  and 
barracks.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  seat  of  the  superior 
tribunal ;  and  it  has  a  Jesuits'  college,  societies  of  agricul- 
ture and  commerce,  a  public  library  with  25,000  volumes, 
many  charitable  institutions,  a  monument  to  General  De 
Boigne,  manufactories  of  silk,  gauze,  and  other  fabrics, 
lace,  hats,  leather,  and  soap,  and  a  trade  in  metals,  liqueurs, 
and  the  wines  of  its  vicinity.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  cha,teau 
of  Charmettes,  once  the  residence  of  Rousseau. 

Cham'blissburg,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Chambly,  shfiM^blee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1424. 

Chambly,  shim'blee  (Fr.  pron.  sh6M^blee'),  a  county 
of  the  province  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  on  the  southeast  by  the  Richelieu  River. 
Area,  157  square  miles.  The  chief  products  are  oats,  hay, 
flax,  wool,  and  tobacco.     Capital,  Longueuil.     Pop.  10,498. 

Chambly,  a  river  of  Quebec.     See  Richelieu. 

Chambly  Basin,  a  post-village  in  Chambly  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Richelieu  River,  and  on  the  Montreal,  Chambly  & 
Sorel  Railway,  1  mile  from  Chambly  Canton,  and  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  largo 
hospital,  a  college,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  778. 

Chambly  Canton,  a  post-village  in  Chambly  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Richelieu  River  (which  here 
expands  into  a  beautiful  lake),  between  the  rapids  and  the 
E.  side  of  St.  John's  Canal,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  saw-,  grist-,  paper-,  carding-,  and  woollen-raills, 
and  possesses  fine  water-power.     Pop.  600. 

Chambon,  sh6M^b6No',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Creuse,  on  the  Tardes,  26  miles  E.  of  Gu6ret.  Pop.  2262. 
It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  capital  of  the  Camboviceng'i. 

Chambon,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  2211. 

Chambon-Feugerolles,8h6M^b6N»'-fuh^zh9h-roir,a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Saint-Etienne.  It  has  mines  of  coal,  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  steel,  woollen  cloth,  <fec.     Pop.  6954. 

Chambord,  shftii^boR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  8  miles  E.  of  Blois,  on  the  Cosson.  It  has  a  magnifi- 
cent chateau,  formerly  one  of  the  finest  royal  castles  in 
France.  The  park,  which  is  about  21  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, and  surrounded  by  walls,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe. 
It  belongs  to  the  Count  de  Chambord. 

Chambonlive,  shfiM^booMeev',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  CorrSze,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tulle.     P.  3011. 

Chambray,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Gozo.    See  Gozo. 

Cham-Callao,  Tcham-Callao,  or  Tscham- 
Callao,  shim'k3,l-15w',  an  island  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Cochin  China,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tooron.  Lat.  15°  54'  N. ; 
Ion.  108°  28'  E.  It  is  well  cultivated,  and  bad  a  village  and 
a  small  harbor  on  its  S.W.  side.  The  False  Cham-Callao  is 
an  islet,  20  miles  southeastward. 

Chamcook,  sham'cook,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co., 
New  Brunswick,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  Andrews.    P.  150. 

Chamelco,  chi-m£l'ko,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  in  Alta 
Vera  Paz.     Pop.  3000. 

Chame  (cha'mi)  Point,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Lat.  8°  40'  18"  N. ;  Ion.  79° 
40'  W. 

Chamisso  (shi-mis'so)  Island,  Alaska,  is  in  Eotze- 
bue  Sound,  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Good  Hope.  Lat. 
66°  13'  12"  N.;  Ion.  161°  46'  W.  Shores  steep,  except  on 
its  E.  side.     Its  highest  point  is  231  feet  above  the  sea-leveL 

Chamo,  or  Shamo,  a  desert  of  Asia.     See  Gobi. 

Chamois,  sham'me,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
100  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.  Chamois  has  3  churches,  a  tobacco-factory,  a 
nursery,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Chamoo'ry,  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,  on  the  Wyne 
Gunga  River,  86  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor. 

Chamoreril,  a  lake  of  Asia.    See  Chuuorereel. 

Chamoulari,  a  mountain  of  Asia.    See  Shumalaki. 

Chamouni,  sh&^moo-nee',  or  Chamonix,  sh&^mo- 
nee',  a  valley  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  forms  the  upper 
part  of  the  basin  of  the  Arve,  above  the  valley  of  Servos. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  12  miles;  breadth,  from  1  to  6 
miles ;  elevation  above  the  sea  at  the  village  of  Chamouni, 
3425  feet.  This  valley  is  the  most  celebrated  in  the  Alps 
for  picturesque  sites  and.  wild  grandeur.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  mass  of  Mont  Blanc,  and  N.  by  Mont  Breven 
and  the  Aiguilles  Rouges,  part  of  the  range  which  separates 
Savoy  from  the  Valais.  The  glaciers  which  descend  into 
the  valley  from  Mont  Blanc,  among  which  is  the  Mer  <'e 
Glace,  are  the  grandest  in  the  Alps.  The  climate  of  the 
valley  is  extremely  rigorous  in  winter,  which  lasts  frcm  Co 


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iober  to  May,  during  which  time  snow  usually  covers  the 
lower  ground  to  the  depth  of  3  feet.  The  summer  is  short 
and  warm.  The  soil  is  infertile,  but,  being  well  cultivated,  it 
produces  a  considerable  supply  of  grain  and  fruits ;  cattle 
are  extensively  reared,  and  the  honey  is  excellent. 

Chamonni,  or  Chamonix,  or  La  Prieur^,  Ik  pre- 
uhV4',  the  principal  village  of  the  valley  of  Chamouni,  is 
fituated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Arve,  12  miles  E.  of  Sal- 
lenche.  Pop.  2415.  It  has  good  inns,  and  supplies  guides 
and  mules  for  visiting  the  sublime  scenery  in  its  vicinity. 
Champa,  a  province  of  Annam.  See  Annau. 
Champagne,  shfiM^pin',  an  old  French  province,  of 
which  the  capital  was  Troyes,  now  forming  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  departments  of  Ardennes,  Marne,  Aube,  and 
Haute-Marne,  and  part  of  those  of  Aisne,  Seine-et-Marne, 
and  Yonne.  This  country  was  long  governed  by  native 
princes,  and  was  united  to  the  crown  of  France  by  the  mar- 
riage of  Philippe  le  Bel  with  Jeanne  de  Navarre  in  1286. 
It  was  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Champagne,  the  first 
■of  which  comprised  the  districts  of  Remois,  capital  Rheims, 
Perthois,  capital  Vitry-le-Franpois,  Rethelois,  capital  Re- 
thel,  and  the  principality  of  Sedan ;  and  the  second.  Cham- 
pagne proper,  capital  Troyes,  Vallage,  capital  Joinville, 
fiassigny,  capital  Langres,  and  Le  Senonais,  capital  Sens. 

Champagne,  a  district  of  France,  in  the  departments 
of  Charente  and  Charente-Inf^rieure,  forming  part  of  the 
arrondissements  of  Saintes,  Jonzac,  and  Cognac.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  wines  and  brandy. 

Champagney,  shr6H^p3,n^y4',  a  town  of  France,  Haute- 
Safine,  25  miles  by  rail  B.N.E.  of  Vesoul.  Pop.  4620.  In 
its  vicinity  coal  is  worked,  and  cherries  for  kirschwasser  are 

I      largely  cultivated. 

Champagnole,  shftM^pin^yol',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment  of  Jura,  on  the  Ain,  and  on  a  railway,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     It  has  manufactories  of  nails 

^^uid  iron  wire.     Pop.  3366. 

IHLChampagnolle,  sbam^pan-yol',  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 

H^H.,  Ark.,  in  a  corn-  and  cotton-producing  region  on  the 

I  Snachita  River,  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  El  Dorado.     It  has 

■  H[  church  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  100. 

P^»  Champaign,  sham-pane',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Il- 
linois ;  area,  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Sangamon,  Kaskaskia,  and  Vermilion  Rivers,  which 
rise  within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  deep  and  highly  productive.  The  greater  part  of  the 
•county  is  prairie,  and  it  has  comparatively  few  acres  of 
woodland.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  horses,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  di- 
vision), all  of  which  enter  Urbana  the  capital  of  the 
•county.      Coal  is  the  most  valuable  mineral  found  here. 

W'op.  in  1870,  32,737 ;  in  1880,  40,863;  in  1890,  42,159. 
^  Champaign,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
as  an  area  of  about  447  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
y  Mad  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Lagonda  Creek.  The 
surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level ;  the  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac,  cover  rather  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  sur- 
face. Silurian  limestone  is  found  here.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads,  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  & 
Western,  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis, 
which  run  through  Urbana  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,188;  in  1880,  27,817;  in  1890,  26,980. 

Champaign,  a  city  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Havana  extension  of  the 
Illinois  Central  road,  128  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  48  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  33  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It 
contains  12  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  and 
the  Illinois  University,  founded  in  1868,  endowed  by  a 
national  land  goant,  and  open  to  both  sexes.  Champaign 
has  manufactures  of  furniture,  wagons,  twine,  cordage, 
Ac.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  issued  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  5839. 

Champanagur,  cham-p^-na-gtlr',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
3  miles  W.  of  Boglipoor. 

Champaran,  a  district  of  India.     See  Chitmparun. 

Champaubert,  shftM^po^baiR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Marne,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chalons.     Pop,  288. 

Champdeniers,  sh6MM§h-ne-&',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Deux-Sevres,  4  miles  N.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1372. 

Champeix,  shftM'pi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1801. 


Champigny^  shAH^peen'yee',  several  villages  of  France, 
the  principal  in  the  department  of  Seine,  8  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E,  of  Paris.     Pop.  2353. 

Cham'pion,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  oo.,  Mich., 
30  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  600. 

Champion,  a  post-village  of  Chase  co..  Neb.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Imperial.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
ofl5ce,  a  broom-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese  and  molasses.     Pop.  in  1890,  537. 

Champion,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Black  River,  15  miles  E,  of  Watertown.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  West  Carthage,  and  has  7  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2246. 

Champion,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Trnmball  co., 
0.,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Warren. 

Champion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  about 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  general  stores. 

Champion  Bay,  a  bay  of  Australia,  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Gelvink  Channel.     Lat.  28°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  36'  E. 

Champion  City,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  from  Sullivan  Station. 

Champion  Hills,  a  locality  in  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Vicksburg.  Here  General  Grant  defeated  Gen  • 
eral  Peraberton  in  a  bloody  battle.  May  16,  1863. 

Champlain,  sham^plane',  a  post-township  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is 
the  extreme  northeastern  part  of  the  state.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Champlain,  Rouse's  Point,  and  Perry's  Mills. 
Total  pop.  5311. 

Champlain,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
the  Chazy  River,  in  Champlain  township,  and  on  the  Og- 
densburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  114  miles  E.  by  N. 
from  Ogdensburg,  4  miles  W.  of  Rouse's  Point,  and  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg.  It  contains  4  churches,  the 
Champlain  Academy,  a  national  bank,  2  foundries,  a  car- 
riage-factory, a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Two  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Lumber  is  exported  from  this  place  by  the 
Chazy  River,  which  is  navigable.     Pop.  1850. 

Champlain,  a  county  in  the  northwest  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  4512  square  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Maurice  JEliver,  and  contains 
numerous  rivers  and  lakes.   Capital,  Batiscan.    Pop.  21,643. 

Champlain,  a  post-village  in  the  above  county,  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  64  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Quebec, 
It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  5  stores,  a  light-house,  and 
several  mills.    Pop.  400. 

Champlain,  Lake,  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of 
Clinton  and  Essex  cos.  of  New  York,  which  it  separates 
from  Vermont.  Its  head  is  at  Whitehall,  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  from  which  point  it  extends  northward  to  the  bound- 
ary which  separates  Quebec  (Canada)  from  New  York  and 
Vermont.  The  direct  distance  from  its  head  to  its  north- 
ern end  is  about  100  miles.  The  southern  part  of  it  is 
narrow,  less  than  1  mile  wide  in  many  places.  The  north- 
ern part  encloses  several  large  islands,  and  is  nearly  14 
miles  wide.  The  greatest  ascertained  depth,  according  to 
Emmons,  is  600  feet.  Its  surface  is  93  feet  higher  than  the 
level  of  the  sea.  The  surplus  water  is  discharged  into  the 
St.  Lawrence  by  the  Richelieu  River,  which  issues  from  the 
northern  end  of  the  lake.  It  receives  from  Vermont  the 
Lamoille,  Missisquoi,  and  Winooski  Rivers,  and  Otter  Creek. 
Its  largest  affluents  from  the  western  side  are  the  Saranac, 
Au  Sable,  and  Chazy  Rivers.  The  shores  of  this  lake  are  re- 
markable for  grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  From  the  steam- 
boats that  navigate  it  the  tourist  has  a  good  view  of  the 
Adirondacks  on  the  west  and  the  Green  Mountains  on  the 
other  side.  It  is  an  important  channel  of  navigation,  and 
is  connected  with  the  Hudson  River  by  the  Champlain 
Canal,  which  extends  from  Whitehall  to  Albany.  On  the 
11th  of  September,  1814,  Captain  McDonough  defeated  and 
captured  a  British  flotilla  on  this  lake,  near  Plattsburg. 

Champlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  17  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  325. 

Champlitte,  shfiM^pleet',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haut*- 
Sa&ne,  29  miles  W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  2740. 

Champney's  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of 
Mcintosh  CO.,  Ga.     Pop.  137. 

Champniers,  sh&irp^ne-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha^ 
rente,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angoul6me.     Pop.  3660. 

Champoeg,  sham-po'eg,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo., 
Oregon,  27  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  several  stores 
and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  278. 

Champoton,  ch&m-po  ton',  a  village  of  Mexico,  at  th«i 


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month  of  the  river  Champoton,  Campeachy  Bay,  35  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Campeachy, 

Champrond,  sh6N»^pr6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure- 
et-Loir,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nogent-le-Rotrou.     Pop.  845. 

Champrond,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Mamers,  with  iron-foundries.     Pop.  187. 

Champsaur,  sh5N»^80R',  a  district  of  France,  in  Dau- 
phin6,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Hautes-Alpes 
and  Dr8me.     Chief  town,  St.-Bonnet-le-Chateau. 

Champsecret,  shJuo^s^h-kri',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Orne,  4^  miles  E.N.E.  of  Domfront.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  and  iron-foundries.     Pop.  3595. 

Champtercier,  8h6N>»H5R^se-i',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Basses-Alpes,  4  miles  W.  of  Digne.  Pop.  328.  It  was  the 
birthplace  of  Gassendi. 

Champtoc^)  8h5N»Ho^si',  a  town  of  France,  Maine- 
et-Loire,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  15  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Angers.  Pop.  about  2000.  Here  are  the  remains  of  the 
castle  of  Gil  de  Eetz,  a  savage  seigneur  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  the  original  "  Bluebeard." 

Champtoceaux,  shfiuo^to^sS',  a  village  of  France,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  the  above.     Pop.  1563. 

Chamusca,  sh&-moos'k3,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  on  the  Tagus,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Santarem.    P.  3000. 

Cha'na^  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  Pine  Rock 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  95  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Oregon.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Chanac,  sh3,^n&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loz^re,  on  the 
Lot,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1664. 

Chanak-Kalessi,  shi^nik'-ki-lSs'see',  or  Chanaka- 
Lasy,  called  also  Chanak  Kaia  and  Kaia.i  Snltani6, 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Dardanelles,  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Gallipoli,  occupying  a  flat  point  opposite  the  Castle  of  Europe 
(Chelit  Bawri,  ki-leet'  baw'ree^).  It  has  potteries,  and  ex- 
ports wood,  galls,  wool,  wheat,  and  earthenware.     P.  6000. 

Chaflarcillo,  chin-yaK-seel'yo,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince of  Atacama,  connected  by  rail  with  Pabellon,  26  miles 
distant.     Here  are  rich  silver-mines,  with  smelting-works. 

Chancay^  chin-ki',  a  seaport  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  department  of  Lima,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chancay  River  in  the  Pacific,  43  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Lima. 

Chanceaux,  sh6N<»^s5',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r, 
18  miles  E.  of  Semur.     Pop.  732. 

Chanceford,  chants'f9rd,  a  post-township  of  York  co.. 
Pa.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  contains  Brogueville 
and  Collinsville,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  2500. 

Chance  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Lower  Siam.  Lat.  (highest  peak)  9°  22' 
N.;  Ion.  97°  53' B. 

Chan'cellorsTillej  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co., 
Va.,  near  the  S.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  about 
70  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Richmond,  and  11  miles  W.  of 
Fredericksburg.  Here  the  Confederate  general  Lee  de- 
feated General  Hooker,  May  2  and  3,  1863. 

Chan'da,  or  Chan'dah,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
a  district,  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nagpoor.  It  is  walled  with 
stone,  and  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  brass-ware, 
leather,  and  bamboo  goods.     Pop.  16,233. 

Chanda,  a  district  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British 
India.  Lat.  19°  7'-20°  51'  N.;  Ion.  78°  51'-80°  51'  E. 
Area,  9700  square  miles.  It  is  hilly,  with  fine  teak  forests 
and  much  uncultivated  land.  Cotton  and  silk  are  leading 
products.  Coal  and  iron  abound.  Capital,  Chanda.  Pop. 
6.34,431. 

Chan^dahnee',  or  Chin^nanee',a  town  in  the  Pun- 
jab, 76  miles  S.  of  Serinagur. 

Chan'daller,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa. 

Chandelenr  (shanM^-loor')  Bay  or  Sound,  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Louisiana,  between  St.  Bernard  parish  and 
the  Chandeleur  Islands. 

Chandelenr  Islands,  Louisiana,  are  E.  of  Chan- 
deleur Bay,  and  about  65  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  mouth  of 
the  Mississippi.  On  the  N.  end  of  the  northernmost  island 
is  a  fixed  light,  55  feet  high.    Lat.  30°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  51'  W, 

Chandercona,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Chtjndrakona. 

Chan^deree',  Chen^daree',  or  Chln^daree',  a 
large  district  of  Hindostan,  in  Malwah,  N.E.  corner,  90 
miles  in  length  and  70  miles  in  breadth. 

Chanderee,  a  town  in  the  above  district,  113  miles  S. 
of  Qwalior,  of  considerable  size.     It  has  a  strong  hill-fort. 

Chandergiri,  chin-d§r-gh4r'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  50  miles  N.  of  Arcot. 

Chandernagore,  shin^d^r-ni-goR',  or  Chander- 
nagar,   sh3,nMer-n3,-gaR'    (the    "city  of  sandal-wood:" 


popularly  called  in  India  Chundernagore),  a  Freneb 
colonial  town  of  India,  on  the  Hoogly,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Calcutta.  It  has  greatly  declined  in  trade  and  population. 
Pop.  25,000. 

Chandi,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Shendy. 

Chand'ler,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Boonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,, 
and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  200. 

Chandler,  a  township  of  Manitou  co.,  Mich.,  consists- 
of  islands  in  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  153. 

Chandler,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex.,  2S 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church.     P.  350. 

Chandler's,  a  station  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Sagi- 
naw Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  Mich. 

Chandler's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.^ 
N.C.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Troy. 

Chandler's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

Chand'lersville,  a  post- village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.» 
10  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churche» 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  241. 

Chand'lerville,  a  post- village  of  Cass  oo.,  111.,  7  miles' 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Virginia.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  910. 

Chandlerville,  a  hamlet  of  Merrimao  co.,  N.H.,  on. 
Lake  Sunapee,  at  Mount  Sunapee  Station,  6^  miles  S.E.  of 
Newport.     (Post-office,  Mt.  Sunapee.) 

Cnandode,  oh&n^dSd',  a  large  town  of  India,  in  Ba- 
roda,  on  the  Nerbudda,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baroach. 

Chan^dore',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay,  commanding  an  important  pass,  130  miles  N.E. 
of  Bombay.     Pop.  7000. 

Chand^poor',  a  town  of  the  Bijnaur  district,  British 
India,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  12,033. 

Chandrakona,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Chundrakona- 

Chafieral,  ch&n^yi-ril',  a  seaport  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  48  miles  N.  of  Caldera.  It  is  the  terminus  of 
railways,  and  ships  much  copper  ore.  It  is  in  a  desert,  and 
its  water  is  supplied  from  the  sea  by  distillation.     P.  3084- 

Chafieral,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Chili,  about  185 
miles  S.  of  the  port  of  the  same  name. 

Cha'neysville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Chaneyrille,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Chang,  oh&ng,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numerous  cities 
and  towns  of  China. 

Changama,  or  Chnngamah,  ohun-g&'m&,  a  town 
of  India,  115  miles  S.W.  of  Madras,  at  the  end  of  a  pass,  to 
which  it  gives  its  name.     It  has  a  lofty  pagoda. 

Chang  Bhukar,  or  Chang  Bhakar,  chEngbQk'kqx^ 
a  native  state  of  Chuta-Nagpoor,  British  India,  bounded 
N.,  W.,  and  S.  by  Rewah.  Lat.  23°  29'-23°  55'  30"  N. ;  Ion. 
81°  37'-82°  23'  30"  E.  Area,  906  square  miles.  It  is 
mostly  a  hilly  jungle  tract,  governed  by  a  native  rajah,  who 
pays  a  small  tribute  to  the  British  authorities.  Capital, 
Janakpoor,  a  small  village,  lat.  23°  43'  N.,  Ion.  81°  50'  E. 
Total  pop.  8919. 

Chang- Cha,  a  town  of  China.    See  Chano-Sha. 

Chang-Cheun-Cham,  ch&ng-che-oon'-ch&m,  or  St. 
John's  Island,  on  the  S.  coast  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong.  Lat.  (S.  point)  21°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  112°  50'  E.  It 
is  about  15  miles  in  length. 

Chang^choo^foo',  written  also  Chang-Chow,  and 
(by  Germans)  Tschang-Tscheu  (or  -Tschau),  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Amoy,  which 
is  its  port.  Lat.  24°  35'  N.;  Ion.  117°  50'  E.  It  is  in  a 
valley  embosomed  in  hills  and  intersected  by  a  river,  here 
crossed  by  two  bridges,  one  of  which  is  of  singular  construc- 
tion, being  built  on  25  piles  of  stones,  about  30  feet  apart 
and  20  feet  high.  Large  beams  are  laid  from  pile  to  pile  ; 
these  again  are  crossed  by  smaller  ones,  which  are  covered 
with  earth,  and  then  paved  with  enormous  blocks  of  granite, 
some  of  which  are  about  45  feet  long  and  2i  feet  broad. 
This  structure  is  about  9  feet  wide ;  half  its  length  on  both 
sides  is  occupied  with  shops.  The  city  is  surrounded  by 
a  wall,  4i  miles  in  circumference,  the  inside  of  which  is 
planted  with  large  trees.  In  the  wall,  a  gate  forms  an 
entrance  for  foot-passengers,  and  a  canal  for  boats  is  placed 
at  each  of  the  cardinal  points.  The  streets  are  from  10  to 
12  feet  wide,  and  many  of  them  are  well  paved;  the  shops 
are  numerous  and  well  furnished,  and  the  houses  in  general 
two  stories  high.  It  has  two  famous  but  dilapidated  tem 
pies.  This  is  the  great  centre  of  the  silk-manufacture  of 
the  province,  and  the  streets  present  an  animated  appear- 
ance. In  the  suburbs,  which  are  extensive,  there  are  large 
tile-  and  sugar-manufactories.  Pop.  of  city,  exclusive  of 
suburbs,  estimated  at  from  800,000  to  1,000,000. 

Chang- Choo-Foo,  written  also  Tchang-  Tchoo* 


OJtlA 


849 


CHA 


I 


foo  and  Tschang-Tschn-l'e,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Kiang-Soo,  75  milea  S.B.  of  Nanking.  Lat.  31°  55' 
N.;  Ion.  121°  43'  E. 

Change,  8h6N»^zhi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2544. 

Chang6)  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Mayenne, 
2i  miles  N.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1896. 

Change  Islands,  a  group  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
gate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  8  miles  from  Fogo.    P.  520. 

Changeri,  Kin'gh?r-ee\  an  extensive  monastery  in 
Turkish  Armenia,  pashalic  of  Erzroom,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Moosh,  with  a  church  said  to  have  been  built  a.d.  304, 

Chaugeri  or  Changri,  Anatolia.    See  Kankakee. 

Change'water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Musconetcong  River,  and  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lime. 

Chang-Hai,  a  city  of  China.    See  Shang-Hai. 

Chang-Loo,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Fitats. 

Chang-Mai,  ching^mi',  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Laos,  on  the 
Me-kong.     Lat.  20°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  2'  E.     Pop.  26,000. 

Chang- Ping,  a  town  of  China.    See  Chong-Ping. 

Changri,  Anatolia.    See  Kankakee. 

Chang-se-Tschou.    See  Shang-se-Choo. 

Chang- Sha,  ching-sh4',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Hoo-Nan,  on  the  Heng-Kiang,  50  miles  S.  of  its  embouchure 
in  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo.   Lat.  28°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  B. 

Chang-  (or  Tchang-)  Te,chingti,  atown  of  China, 
in  Hoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  near  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo.     Lat  29°  N.;  Ion.  112°  E. 

Chang- Wha,  or  Tschang-Wa,  chang-whl  (or-wi), 
a  walled  town  of  Formosa  (Chinese  Empire),  on  its  W. 

ast,  about  opposite  Amoy.     Pop.  60,000. 

Chan^has'sen,  township.  Carver  co.,  Minn.    P.  1166. 

Chani,  a  lake  of  Siberia.    See  Chant. 

Chaniers,  shi'ne-4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente- 

f^rieure,  4  miles  from  Saintes.     Pop.  2566. 

Chan-Kiang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Ching  Kiang-Foo. 

Chan^nahatch'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala., 

I  miles  N.E.  of  Wetumpka. 

Channahon,  shan'a-hon,  or  Du  Page,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Will  CO.,  111.,  in  Channahon  township,  on  the  Des 
Plaines  River  and  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Joliet.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Ppp.  of  the  township,  1164. 

^Channakalasy,  Asia  Minor.  See  Chanak-Kalessi. 
VChan^naram'be  Creek,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of 
Tnpe  Stone  county,  runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Rock  River  in 
Kock  CO. 

Channel  or  Port  anx  Basques,  poRHo'bisk',  a 
port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  near  the  S.W.  angle  of  New- 
foundland, 300  miles  W.  of  St.  John's.  It  is  the  most  west- 
erly town  of  importance  on  the  island.  It  has  several  stores. 
The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  584. 

Channel  of  Corfu  (kor-foo'),  an  arm  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, between  the  island  of  Corfu  and  the  mainland  of 
Epirus,  about  30  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  varying 
in  breadth  from  2  to  16  miles.  Corfu  and  Butrinto  are  the 
chief  towns  on  its  banks. 

Chan'nel  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  English 
Channel,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  France,  the  principal  being 
Jersey,  Guernsey,  Alderney,  Jethou,  Sark,  and  Herm  (which 
see).  They  are  the  only  portions  of  Normandy  now  be- 
longing to  the  English  crown,  to  which  they  have  remained 
attached  ever  since  the  Conquest.  They  have  been  fortified 
at  an  immense  expense,  and  their  defence  in  time  of  war 
has  to  be  wholly  defrayed  by  Britain.  The  people  employ 
dialects  of  the  French  language,  have  their  own  legislative 
bodies,  and  retain  their  ancient  laws  and  customs.  Pop. 
in  1871,  90,563;  in  1881,  87,702;  in  1891,  92,272. 

Channel,  'The.    See  English  Channel. 

Channi-Khan-Digot,  chin'ne-Kin-de-got',  a  thriv- 
ing town  in  Bhawlpoor,  India,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Khanpoor. 
Lat.  28°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  54'  E. 

Chan'ningville,  a  former  village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  E.  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  65  miles  N.  of  New 
York.     Pop.  1350.     It  is  now  part  of  Wappinger's  Falls. 

Chan -Si,  a  province  of  China.     See  Shan-See. 

Chantabon,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Chantibun. 

Chantar,  chinHar',  or  ShanUar',  an  island  in  the 
Bea  of  Okhotsk. 

Chantelle,  sh6N»HSll',  a  town  of  France,  in  AUier,  9 
miles  N.  of  Gannat,  on  the  Rouble.     Pop.  2073. 

Chantenay,  sh5NoH?h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inf^rieure,  on  the  Loire,  2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nantes. 
It  has  forges,  foundries,  and  manufactures  of  brandy,  bone- 
black,  Ac.     Pop,  9066. 


Chantenay,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ni^vre,  15  milec 
S.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  2093. 

Chantenay,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  15  milev 
N.  of  La  Fieche.     Pop.  1426. 

Chantibun,  or  Cnantabon,  sh&nHa-bun',  a  town  in 
Siam,  on  a  river,  near  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  175  miles  S.E.  of 
Bangkok.  It  exports  from  30,000  to  40,000  piculs  of  pep- 
per annually,  with  cardamoms,  rosewood,  dyewoods,  ship- 
timber,  hides,  ivory,  horns,  and  gums ;  and  near  it  are  mines 
of  precious  stones.  Many  junks  from  (Janton  load  at  this 
port.  Chantibun  is  connected  with  Bangkok  and  other 
cities  by  telegraph  lines.     Pop.  30,000. 

Chantilly,  shin-til'lee  or  sh6N°Hee'yee',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Oise,  on  the  Nonette,  25  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  3461.  It  has  celebrated  manu- 
factures of  lace  and  porcelain,  and  a  hospital ;  but  it  owes 
its  interest  to  its  ruined  castle  and  noble  domain,  long  the 
seat  of  the  Cond6  family.  This  castle,  one  of  the  finest 
in  France,  was  destroyed  during  the  Revolution  of  1793, 
but  the  splendid  stables  remain,  and  the  park-grounds  and 
chiteau  are  full  of  historic  memorials.  The  Forest  of  Chan- 
tilly comprises  6700  acres;  in  it  are  several  buildings  of  in- 
terest, and  races  are  held  here  annually  in  May. 

Chantilly,  shan-til'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.. 
Mo.,  about  48  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Chantilly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  A  battle  was  fought  here, 
September  1,  1862,  at  which  General  Philip  Kearney  was 
killed.     Chantilly  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Chantonnay,  8hftN»'ton^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vendue,  17  miles  E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  3429. 

Chan-Toung,  a  province  of  China.     SccShan-Toong. 

Chantrign^,  shftNoHreen^yi',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  2012. 

Chan'try  Island,  an  island  of  Canada,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Lake  Huron,  about  1  mile  off  Saugeen.  Lat.  44°  29'  80" 
N. ;  Ion.  81°  23'  20"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Chanu,  shi^nii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  9  miles 
N.  of  Domfront.  Pop.  2622.  It  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  hardware,  and  quarries  of  building-stone. 

Cha^nute',  a  post-town  and  railroad  centre  of  Neosho 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  |  of  a  mile  from  the  Neosho  River,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  13  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper 
ofl5ces,  a  public  school,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  cigars, 
a  lumber-mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  cider-  and  vinegar-fac- 
tory, a  flax-mill,  and  numerous  general  stores  and  busi- 
ness houses.      Pop.  in  1890,  2826. 

Chanute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickett  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Byrdstown.     It  has  1  or  2  general  stores. 

Chany,  Tchani,  or  Tschani,  chi'ne,  a  lake  of  Si- 
beria, governments  of  Tomsk  and  Tobolsk,  near  lat.  55°  N., 
Ion.  78°  E.     Length,  65  miles;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles. 

Chanyus'ka  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Jackson  co., 
runs  eastward  through  Martin  co.,  and  enters  the  Blue 
Earth  River  in  Faribault  co.,  1  mile  above  Winnebago. 

Chanza,  ch&n'thi,  a  frontier  river  between  Spain  and 
Portugal  (Andalusia  and  Alemtejo),  which,  after  a  S.S.W. 
course  of  55  miles,  joins  the  Guadiana  near  Alcoutim. 

Chao  de  Couce,sh3,'o  Ak  koo'si  or  ko-oo'si,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  a  hill,  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Leiria.     Pop.  1376. 

Chao-Hing,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shao-IItxo. 

Chao-Khing,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shao-Ki.nr. 

Chao-Naiman-Soome,  Tchao-Naimau-Sou» 
me,  or  Tschao-Naiman-Sume  Khoton,  chd'o-ni^- 
min'-soo'mS,  ko-ton',  called  also  DoMennor',  ToMon- 
Noor',  or  DoMonfoor',  a  city  of  Mongolia,  165  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Peking,  in  lat.  42°  25'  N.,  Ion.  116°  IS'  E.  It  is 
of  vast  extent,  being  a  collection  of  houses  without  regard  to 
regularity;  the  streets  are  narrow  and  crooked;  there  is  an 
indifferent  footpath  on  each  side  for  pedestrians,  but  car- 
riages and  beasts  of  burden  force  their  way  through  a  mass 
of  mud.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  Booddhist  temples, 
which  are  numerous.  The  inhabitants  are  renowned  through- 
out Tartary  and  Thibet  for  the  statues  in  iron  and  brass 
which  they  turn  out  from  their  foundries ;  and  all  countries 
addicted  to  the  worship  of  Booddha  are  furnished  by  them 
with  idols,  bells,  and  the  vessels  employed  in  their  cere- 
monies. The  commerce  of  the  place  is  also  extensive. 
Russian  merchandise  is  brought  to  it  from  Kiakhta.  The 
Tartars  bring  herds  of  oxen,  camels,  and  horses,  in  ex- 
change for  which  they  receive  tobacco,  cloth,  and  tea. 
Merchants  from  the  province  of  Shan-See  are  extremely 
numerous.     The  population  is  said  to  be  very  great. 

Chao-Nan,  a  town  of  China.     See  Shao-Nan. 

Chaoossy,  Tchaoussy,  or  Tschaussy,  chi-oof* 


CHA 


850 


CHA 


•ee,  written  also  Tchaonzy,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moheeler.     Pop.  4947. 

Chaos  (shi'os)  or  Bird  Islands,  rooky  isletsof  Africa, 
at  the  entrance  of  Algoa  Bay,  36  miles  E.  of  Port  Elizabeth. 

Chao-Tchoo,  chi'o-choo',  or  Tchao-  Cheou-Fou, 
ohi'o-chi-oo'-foo,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
on  the  Han-Eiang,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  near  its  en- 
trance in  the  China  Sea. 

Chao-Tchou,  or  Chao-Tcheou-Fou,  a  city  of 
China.     See  Shao-Choo. 

Cha-Ou-Foil,  a  city  of  China.    See  Shao-Woo. 

Chaoarce,  shi^oorss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  on 
the  Armance,  16  miles  S.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1514. 

Chapada,  8h&-pd,'d&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Ma- 
ranhao,  on  the  Rio  Grajehu.     Pop.  1000. 

Chapada^  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes, 
N.E.  of  Fanado.    Pop.  2800. 

Chapada  de  Santa  Anna.    See  Guimaraens. 

Chapala,  ch3,-p&'l&,  a  lake  of  Mexico,  between  the 
states  of  Michoacan  and  Guadalajara.  Lat.  20°  20'  X.  ; 
Ion.  102° -103°  25'  W.  Estimated  area,  1300  square 
miles.  It  contains  many  islands,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Rio  Grande. 

Chapari,  oh&-pi-ree',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  in  the 
mountains  of  Cochabamba,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  100 
miles,  joins  the  Mamore  in  the  parallel  of  17°  6'  S. 

Chapean.    See  Allituette  Island. 

Chapeco,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Xapeco. 

Chap'el,  a  station  on  the  Brookline  Branch  of  the  Bos- 
ton &  Albany  Railroad,  within  the  city  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  2-^  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Boston. 

Chapel)  or  Chaple,  a  post-office  of  Howell  co.,  Mo. 

Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Sutton.     It  has  a  church. 

Chap'el-en-le-Frith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Derby,  at  a  railway  junction,  4i  miles  N.  of  Buxton.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  paper,  lead-  and  coal-mines, 
and  lime-works.     Pop.  3718. 

Chapel  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  14  miles 
N.  of  Lester  Manor  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala. 

Chapel  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co..  Ark. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Fairbum.     It  has  3  churches. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ky. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  about 
26  miles  S.W,  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  in 
Bnibar  township,  about  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It 
has  a  church. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  New  York  City,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Long 
Branch,  and  i  mile  E.  of  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Rail- 
road. It  is  on  an  eminence  700  feet  above  tide-water,  and 
commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  ocean  and  the  villa- 
crowned  heights  of  Staten  Island.     It  has  a  church. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Chapel  Hill  township,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  which  was 
founded  in  1789  and  first  opened  in  1795.  The  plan  of 
this  university  includes  8  colleges,  of  which  2  have  been 
fuUy  organized,  namely,  the  college  of  literature  and  the 
arts  and  that  of  philosophy.  Chapel  Hill  has  6  churches 
and  several  dry-goods  stores.     P.  1000 ;  of  township,  2799. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  S.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  several  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
about  32  miles  S.  by  E.  from  NashviUe.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, 103  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  62  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Houston.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Chapel  Hill  Female  College 
(Methodist)  and  the  Soul6  University.  It  has  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.     Pop.  602. 

Chap'el-Iz'od,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3  miles  W. 
of  Dublin,  on  the  Liffey.     Pop.  880. 

Chap'elsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Humphrey  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Franklinville  Rail- 
road Station. 

Cha^peze',  a  station  in  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Bards- 
town  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  a  few 
miles  N.W.  of  Bardstown. 

Cha'pin,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Wabasb    Railroad   where  it   crosses   the    Rookford,    Rock 


I 


Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville, 
and  58  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
a  brick-  and  tile-works.     Pop.  400. 

Chapin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  65  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  2  churches,  general 
stores,  and  numerous  business  houses.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chapin,  a  hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.     See  Eden. 

Chapin,  post-township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  278. 

Cha'pinville,  apost-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  in  Salisbury  town- 
ship, 59i  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hartford,  and  near  the  Twin 
Lakes. 

Chapinville,  a  post- village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Canandaigua  Outlet,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  N.E.  of  Canandaigua.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Chapinville,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa. 

Chap'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  oo.,  Conn.,  in 
Chaplin  township,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic.  It  has  a 
church,  2  paper-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  542. 

Chaplin,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

Chaplin,  a  post- village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  Chaplin's 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bardstown,  and 
about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school  and  25  dwellings.     Pop.  175. 

Chaplin's  Fork,  or  Beech  River,  Kentucky,  runs 
southwestward  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Nelson 
and  Washington  cos.     See  Beech  River. 

Chap'man,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  625. 

Chapman,  a  post-village  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Smoky  Hill  River,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Abilene. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-nill.     Pop.  500. 

Chapman,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.    P.  222. 

Chapman,  a  post- village  of  Merrick  co..  Neb.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Central  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  2  lumber-factories,  and  manufactures  of 
oatmeal.     Pop.  about  250. 

Chapman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  about  3 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Jackson.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Chapman,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  1301. 

Chapman,  Lehigh  oo..  Pa.    See  Litzenbero. 

Chapman,  a  borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  machine-shop,  about  60  dwellings,  and 
a  manufactory  of  roofing-slate,  mantles,  table-tops,  cisterns, 
<fcc.  Here  are  large  slate-quarries.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Chapman  Quarries.     Pop.  388. 

Chapman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  3  miles  below  Hem- 
don.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chapman,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River.     Pop.  1007. 

Chapman,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  oo..  New 
Brunswick,  20  miles  from  Shediac.  It  contains  2  churches, 
a  store,  5  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Chapman  Quarries,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  oo., 
Pa.,  is  at  the  borough  of  Chapman. 

Chapman's  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Cloud  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Clay  co.,  and  enters  the  Kansas 
River  12  miles  above  Junction  City.     Length,  60  miles. 

Chapman's  Creek,  a  station  in  Dickinson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Chapman. 

Chapman's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Chapman's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Chap'manville,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Chapniers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Chahpniers. 

Chapola  River,  Florida.    See  Chipola. 

Chapoo,  chi^poo'  or  shi^poo',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Che-Kiang,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  estuary  of  Tsien- 
Tang-Kiang,  50  miles  N.E.of  Hang-Chow-Foo,  with  which 
it  has  good  canal  communication.  Lat.  30°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
120°  30'  E.  Extensive  suburbs,  the  principal  seat  of  trade, 
stretch  along  the  shore  j  and  half  a  mile  in  their  rear  is  the 
walled  town,  5  miles  in  circumference,  enclosed  within  which 
is  the  "  Tartar"  town.  The  harbor  is  shallow,  and  the  tides 
very  rapid ;  but  the  roadstead  has  deep  water,  and  the  Chi- 
nese trade  with  Japan  is  conducted  from  this  port. 

Chapour,  the  French  for  Shapoor. 

Chappaqua,  shap'pa-kwaw\  a  post-village  of  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  33  miles'  by  rail  N.  of  New  York.  It  has 
a  Friends'  boarding-school  and  3  churches.  Here  was  the 
country-residence  of  Horace  Greeley.     Pop.  733. 

Chap'pell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Deuel  co..  Neb.,  27  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Big  Springs.  It  has  church  organizations,  3 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 


CHA 


851 


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Chap'pells,  a  post-hamlet  Qf  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Saluda  River,  and  on  the  Colambia  &  Greenville  Bailroad, 
05  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbia.     It  hafi  2  churches. 

Chappie  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mioh., 
U  miles  N.B.  of  Ludington. 

ChapVung',  a  town  of  Thibet,  on  the  Sutlej,  55  miles 
S.W.  of  Garoo.     Lat.  31°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  33'  E. 

Chap'tico,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  on  a 
oreek  or  inlet  near  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Chapultepec,  chi-poorti-pfik',  a  strong  fortress  of 
Mexico,  situated  about  2  miles  S.W.  of  the  metropolis.  It 
]  consists  of  a  rock  rising  to  the  height  of  150  feet  and 
'  crowned  by  a  castle.  Inside  the  castle  were  the  military 
college  of  Chapultepec  and  the  buildings  connected  with  it. 
Chapultepec  was  taken  by  the  army  under  General  Scott  on 
the  12th  and  13th  of  September,  1847,  and  previous  to  the 
capture  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Chapal'tepec,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Springville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Coal  and  iron  ore  abound  here. 

Charalan,  ch&-r&-l&n',  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  140  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bogota. 

Charamakotan,  Kooril  Islands.   See  Earamakota.n. 

Charapoto,chi-rS,-po'to,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  110  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Quito,  near  the  Bay  of  Charapoto,  Pacific  Ocean. 

Char^bar',  or  Choubar,  choo^bar',  a  well -sheltered 
bay  of  Beloochistan,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  25°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  60°  30'  E.  On  the  E.  side  of  its  entrance  is  the  town 
of  Charbar,  with  1500  inhabitants,  enclosed  by  an  earth 
rampart  and  garrisoned  by  the  Im^m  of  Muscat.  N.  of 
this  are  the  ruins  of  the  Portuguese  settlement  of  Teez, 
probably  the  Tiz  of  Edrisi,  and  the  Troai  of  Nearchus. 

Charbonnier,  shaR^bon^ne-&',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  9  miles  S.  of  Issoire.     Pop.  2212. 

Charbonui^res,  shaR^bon^ne-aiR',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Rhone,  4  miles  W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  602. 

Charcas,  a  city  of  Bolivia.    See  Chuqdisaca. 

Cbard)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Taunton,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  a  town  hall,  a  hospital,  a  workhouse,  and  consider- 
able manufactures  of  lace,  woollen  goods,  and  iron-  and 
brass-wares.     Pop.  2400. 

Charda,  or  Tchardah,  ohaR'di,  a  small  town  of 
Servia,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Sophia. 

Chardak,  chaRMik'  (anc.-4»ta«a),  alakeof  Asia  Minor, 
35  miles  E.  of  Degnizli.  Lat.  37°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  B. 
Length,  from  E.  to  \V,,  16  miles ;  breadth,  from  3  to  4  miles. 
Great  quantities  of  salt  are  collected  from  it;  and  the  vil- 
lage of  Chardak  is  near  its  W.  extremity. 

Chardak,  or  Tchardak,  chaRM3,k',  a  small  town  of 
Roumania,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hirschova. 

Chardon,  shar'dpn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Geanga 
CO.,  0.,  in  Chardon  township,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Cleveland,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Painesville.  It  is  on  the 
Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  and  is  pleasantly  sit- 
uated on  high  ground.  It  contains  2  banks,  a  union  school, 
and  4  churches.     Dairy  products  are  its  chief  articles  of  ex- 

?ort.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
183 ;  of  the  township,  1683. 

Charedj,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Karae. 

Charente,  shi^riNt',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Chalus,  flows  generally  W., 
and,  after  a  course  of  more  than  200  miles  through  Charente 
and  Charente-InfSrieure,  enters  the  Atlantic  opposite  the 
island  of  016ron.  Principal  affluents,  the  Boutonne  on  the 
right,  and  the  Touvre  and  N6  on  the  left.  The  towns  of 
Civray,  Rufifec,  Angoulfime,  Jarnac,  Cognac,  Saintes,  Ton- 
nay-Charente,  Rochefort,  and  Soubise  are  on  its  banks.  It 
is  navigable  for  130  miles  from  the  sea,  to  Montignac,  and 
for  steamers  as  high  as  Angoul^me. 

Charente^  a  department  of  France,  situated  between 
lat.  45°  10'  and  46°  8'  N.,  and  surrounded  by  the  depart- 
ments of  Charente-Inferieure,  Deux-SSvres,  Vienne,  Haute- 
Vienne,  and  Dordogne.  Area,  2295  square  miles.  Surface 
undulating ;  it  contains  many  deep  caverns ;  hilly  in  the 
N.E.,  where  there  are  many  shallow  lakes.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Charente  and  Vienne.  Soil  calcareous,  dry,  and  mod- 
erately good,  but  the  corn  produced  barely  suffices  for  home 
oonsumption.  "Vineyards  comprise  278,130  acres,  but  the 
wines  are  inferior.  The  Cognac  and  Jarnac  brandies  are 
from  this  department.  Woods  extensive,  and  chestnuts 
form  an  important  crop.  The  other  products  are  grain,  po- 
tatoes, hemp,  flax,  and  truffles.  Iron  and  gypsum  are  the 
principal  mineral  products;  iron-forging,  paper-making, 
distilling,  and  tanning  the  main  branches  of  manufacturing 
industry.     Capital,  Angoullme.     Charente  is  divided  into 


five  arrondissements,  Angoul€me,  Barbezieux,  Cognac,  Con« 
folens,  and  Ruff'eo.     Pop.  (1891)  360,259. 

Charente-Inferieure,  shi-rftNt'-irp'fi'ree-OR',  a 
maritime  department  of  Western  France,  having  W.  the 
Bay  of  Biscay,  S.  the  estuary  and  department  of  Gironde, 
and  on  other  sides  the  departments  of  Vendue,  Deux-Sfivres, 
Charente,  and  Dordogne.  Area,  including  the  islands  of 
R6  and  016ron,  2650  square  miles.  Surface  level ;  soil  gen- 
erally fertile.  Principal  rivers,  the  Charente,  Boutonne, 
and  SSvre-Niortaise.  Com  and  wine  are  produced,  the 
greater  part  of  the  latter  being  converted  into  brandy  or 
vinegar.  Pastures  good,  and  live-stock  plentiful.  The  salt- 
works along  the  coast,  and  the  pilchard-,  oyster-,  and  other 
fisheries,  are  important.  Exclusive  of  ship-building  in  the 
government  dock-yards  of  Rochefort,  Ac,  the  principal 
manufactures  are  of  glass,  earthenware,  leather,  chemicals, 
woollens,  and  soap.  Capital,  La  Rochelle.  This  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  six  arrondissements.  La  Rochelle,  Jon- 
zac,  Marennes,  Rochefort,  Saintes,  and  St.-Jean-d'Angely. 
Pop.  (1891)  456,202. 

Charenton,  shi^r6N»^t6N»',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Marne,  on  a  rail- 
way, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  7141.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  many  country-houses.  A  bridge  of  10 
arches  across  the  Marne,  which  has  been  frequently  the 
scene  of  conflicts  for  the  possession  of  the  capital,  is  guarded 
by  forts.     Here  is  a  large  national  lunatic  asylum. 

Charenton,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cher,  on 
the  Berri  Canal,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  699. 

Charenton,  shar*r§n-ton'  (Fr.  pron.  shi*r5NaH6N<»'),  a 
post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  parish,  La.,  about  7  miles  N.  of 
Franklin.     It  has  3  churches,  sugar  manufactures,  Ac. 

Charenzat,  shi^rfiip^zi',  a  village  of  France,  Puy-de- 
D6me,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  1911. 

Charles,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Karyes. 

CharUkar',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  36  miles  N.  of  Ca- 
bool.  Pop.  5000.  It  is  flourishing,  and  has  an  active  com- 
merce in  coarse  cotton  cloths,  and  a  transit  trade  across  the 
Hindoo-Koosh. 

Charing  (chair'ing)  Cross,  or  Cook's  Corners,  a 
post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  54  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N. 
of  Amherstburg.     Pop.  150. 

Chariton,  ch4r'§-ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chariton  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Missouri  and  on  the  W.  by  Grand  River.  It  is  also  drained 
by  the  Muscle  River.  The  surface  is  undulating :  the  soil  is 
very  fertile.  The  county  contains  extensive  prairies,  among 
which  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  elm,  black  walnut, 
<kc.,  are  profusely  distributed.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
and  limestone  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Keytesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,136 ;  in  1880, 25,224 ; 
in  1890,  26,254. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  594. 

Chariton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  is 
on  the  Chariton  River,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  and 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  55  miles  W. 
of  Ottumwa,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  The 
Chariton  Branch  of  the  railroad  above-named  extends  south- 
westward  from  this  point.  Chariton  has  1  national  and  2 
other  banks,  9  churches,  a  broom -factory,  iron-works,  a 
cigar-factory,  and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  carriages. 
Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2977;  in  1890,  3122. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  651. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  4043. 
It  includes  the  town  of  Glasgow. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1269. 
It  contains  College  Mound. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  1699. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  833. 

Chariton  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  and 
drains  parts  of  Lucas,  Wayne,  and  Appanoose  cos.  It  crosses 
the  boundary  between  Iowa  and  Missouri,  runs  southward 
through  Adair,  Macon,  and  Chariton  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  4  or  5  miles  above  Glasgow.  It  is  about 
250  miles  long.  The  East  Chariton  River  runs  southward 
through  Macon  co.,  intersects  Randolph  oo.,  and  enters  the 
Chariton  1  mile  from  its  mouth.  It  is  nearly  100  miles 
long.  Another  stream,  called  the  Middle  Branch,  runs 
southward  between  the  two  rivers  just  described  and  enters 
the  East  Chariton  10  miles  S.E.  of  Keytesville,  Mo. 

Chaijooee,  Tchaijni,  or  Tschardschui,  char^- 
joo-ee',  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  khanat  and  65  miles  S.W.  of 
Bokhara,  6  miles  S.  of  the  Amoo-Darya,  and  on  the  main 


CHA 


852 


CHA 


ronte  between  Bokhara  and  Persia.     Pop.  5000.     It  has  a 
fort,  a  bazaar,  and  some  trade. 

Charkov,  a  government  of  Russia.     See  Kharkov. 

Char'Iemont)  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Armagh,  on  the  Blackwater  Riyer,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge  connecting  it  with  Moy.     Pop.  391. 

Charlemonty  shaRM9b-m6N°',  a  hamlet  and  fortress  of 
France,  department  of  Ardennes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Meuse,  opposite  Givet,  near  the  Belgian  frontier. 

Char'Iemont,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Charlemont  township,  on  Deerfield  River,  and  on  the  Ver- 
mont &  Massachusetts  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  Hoosac 
Tunnel,  and  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  North  Adams.  It  has  4 
churches  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1029. 

Charlemont,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  oo.,  Ya. 

CharleroijsharM^-roi',  or  Charleroy,  shaRH^h-rwi', 
a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the  Sambre,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  six  railways,  23  miles  B.  of  Mons.  It  has  extensive 
eoal-mines,  iron-foundries,  cutlery-,  glass-,  and  nail-fac- 
tories, brick-yards,  woollen  cloth  and  yarn  factories,  a  great 
fortress,  now  dismantled,  and  a  large  prison.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Brussels  by  canal.     Pop.  12,150. 

Charles,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  W.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Patnx- 
ent  River.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  and  exten- 
sively covwed  with  forests.  Indian  com,  tobacco,  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Bal- 
timore &  Potomac  and  the  Washington  &  Potomac  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Port  Tobacco.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,738 ;  in 
1880,  18,548;  in  1890,  15,191. 

Charlesbourg,  shaVlz^boorg',  the  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Quebec,  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  4  miles  below  Quebec. 
It  has  an  extensive  lumber  and  general  trade,  and  contains 
a  convent.     Pop.  800. 

Charlesbnrg,  charlz'burg,  post-office,  Calumet  co.,  Wis. 

Charles  City,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.B.  by  the  Chickahominy  and  on  the  S.  by  the  James 
Biver.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  The  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad 
traverses  it  in  the  N.W.  Capital,  Charles  City  Court-House. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4975;  in  1880,  5512  ;  in  1890,  5066. 

Charles  City,  the  capital  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  is  on 
the  Cedar  River,  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cedar  Falls,  27  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  110  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of 
Dubuque.  The  Iowa  Sn  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  here  intersects  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks, 
a  high  school,  8  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
flour,  machinery,  ploughs,  tools,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 2421 : 
in  1890,  2802. 

Charles  City  Court-Honse,  a  hamlet,  capital  of 
Charles  City  co.,  Va.,  is  about  1  mile  N.  of  James  River, 
and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
jail,  &c. 

Charles  Island,  one  of  the  Ghilapagos,  20  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  15  miles  broad.  Lat.  1°  16'  24"  S. ;  Ion. 
90°  31'  46"  W. 

Charles  Island,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  Spitz- 
bergen.     Lat.  (S.  point)  78°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  65'  E. 

Charles  Island,  an  island  of  North  America,  in  Hud- 
Bon's  Strait.     Lat.  (E.  point)  62°  44'  N.;  Ion.  74°  18'  W. 

Charles  Island,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
near  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  50°  12'  N.;  Ion.  63°  15'  W.  It  is 
3  miles  long  and  li  miles  broad.  On  its  N.  side  it  has  a 
Bafe  though  confined  harbor. 

Charles- John's-ToAvn,  Sweden.  See  Haparanda. 
Charles  Mix,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River.  Area,  about 
1130  square  miles.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
ests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Wheeler.  Pop.  in  1870, 162, 
of  whom  136  were  Americans,  exclusive  of  a  reservation 
of  Yankton  Indians,  which  includes  nearly  all  of  the  county : 
in  1880,  407;  in  1890,  4178. 

Charles  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  near  the  boundary 
between  Middlesex  and  Worcester  cos.  It  drains  part  of 
Norfolk  CO.,  runs  towards  nearly  every  point  of  the  compass, 
and  enters  or  expands  into  the  estuary  which  separates 
Boston  from  Cambridge.  Length,  estimated  at  75  miles. 
The  direct  distance  from  its  source  to  its  mouth  is  about  25 
miles.  It  affords  motive  power  for  many  factories,  and  is 
navigable  to  Watertown,  7  miles  from  Boston. 

Charles  River  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk 


CO.,  Mass.,  in  Needham  township,  on  Charles  River,  and 
on  the  Boston,  Hartford  A  Erie  Railroad,  14  miles  AV.S.W. 
of  Boston.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Charleston,  charlz't9n,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Dunfermline, 
It  has  a  harbor,  lime-works,  and  export  of  coal.     Pop.  749. 

Charleston,  a  village  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  its 
S.  coast,  1^  miles  from  St.  Austell.  Its  harbor  is  defended 
by  a  battery,  and  it  exports  porcelain  clay  artificially 
prepared. 

Charleston,  the  capital  of  the  British  West  Indian 
island  of  Nevis,  on  its  N.W.  coast.     Pop.  2000. 

Charleston,  charlz'tpn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
South  Carolina,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  ex- 
tending from  the  mouth  of  the  Santee  River  on  the  north- 
east to  Stono  Inlet  on  the  southwest.  It  consists  almost  en- 
tirely of  a  narrow  strip  of  low  coast-lands  with  adjacent 
islands,  being  about  50  miles  in  length,  with  a  width  aver- 
aging from  2  to  15  miles.  Area,  about  193  square  miles. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile,  producing  cotton,  rice, 
Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes.  Fine  sea-island  cotton  is 
grown  on  several  of  the  islands.  Several  railroads  enter 
this  county  near  its  southwestern  extremity,  converging  at 
the  city  of  Charleston,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county 
and  the  most  important  city  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
88,863;  in  1880,  102,800;  in  1890  (after  the  reduction  of 
its  area  by  the  formation  of  Berkeley  co.),  69,903. 

Charleston,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Ozark,  and  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort 
Smith.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  370. 

Charleston,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Stockton  &  Visalia  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Stockton. 

Charleston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coles  co.,  III.,  in 
Charleston  township,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  146  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  45  miles  W. 
of  Terre  Haute,  and  11  miles  E.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  a 
woollen-mill,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school  building 
which  cost  $50,000,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  carriages, 
ploughs,  and  stoves.  It  is  supplied  with  water  brought 
from  Embarras  River,  which  is  2i  miles  distant.  Pop. 
(1890)  4135;  of  the  township,  5450. 

Charleston,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar 
Creek,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Charleston,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  Charles- 
ton township,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has 
4  general  stores.  Pop.  188 ;  of  the  township,  1162.  The 
township  has  3  churches. 

Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Salt  Springs  township,  on  Fall  River,  40  miles  W.  of 
Humboldt. 

Charleston,  township,  Washington  co.,  Kan.    P.  225. 

Charleston,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  about  60 
miles  S.  of  Henderson. 

Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Charleston  township,  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  an  academy.  The  township  has  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1191. 

Charleston,  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1200.     It  contains  Galesburg. 

Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Delaware  township,  near  Lake  Huron,  55  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  large  steam  saw-mill. 

Charleston,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Tallahatchee  co., 
Miss.,  about  130  miles  N.  of  Jackson,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Oxford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  brick  court-house,  a  masonic 
hall,  a  hotel,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Charleston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mississippi  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad 
(on  both  the  Cairo  and  the  Belmont  division),  178  miles 
S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  about  7  miles  from  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Two  or  3  weekly  news 
papers  are  published  here.     Pop.  635. 

Charleston,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  7  miles 
byrail  S.W.  of  York,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  about 
7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  several  stores 
and  general  business  houses. 

Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Charleston  township,  9  miles  S.  of  Fonda.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  contains  Burtonville.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1403. 

Charleston,  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  the  former  name  of 
Bryson  City. 

Charleston,  Clark  co.,  0.    See  South  Charleston. 

Charleston,  Chester  co..  Pa.     See  Charlestown. 


CHA 


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Col 

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Charleston^  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  oc,  Pa.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  2^  miles  from  Neshannook  Station.  It  has  a 
ehuroh  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Here  is  Hill  Post-OflSce. 

Charleston,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  about 
2  miles  E.  of  Wellsborough.  It  contains  the  coal-mining 
town  of  Antrim,  and  has  dense  forests  of  hemlook  and  6 
•aw-mills.     Pop.  2014. 

Charleston,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  a  county  of  its 
own  name,  and  the  largest  city  of  South  Carolina,  is  situ- 
ated on  a  tongue  of  land  between  the  rivers  Ashley  and 
Cooper,  which  unite  immediately  below  the  town  and  form 
a  spacious  harbor,  communicating  with  the  ocean  at  Sulli- 
van's Island,  7  miles  below.  It  is  115  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Savannah,  580  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  640  miles 
from  Washington.  Lat.  32°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  57'  W.  Cooper 
and  Ashley  Rivers  are  from  30  to  40  feet  deep,  the  former 
1400  and  the  latter  2100  yards  wide.  The  ground  on  which 
the  city  is  built  is  elevated  8  or  9  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
harbor  at  high  tide,  which  rises  about  six  feet,  flowing  by 
the  city  with  a  strong  current,  thus  contributing  to  its  salu- 
brity. It  has  a  water-front  of  9  miles.  A  sandbar  extends 
across  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  affording,  however,  two  en- 
trances, of  which  the  deepest,  near  Sullivan's  Island,  has  18 
feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  The  harbor  is  defended  by  Castle 
Pinokney  and  Fort  Sumter,  each  on  an  island,  the  former  2 
and  the  latter  6  miles  below  the  city,  and  also  by  Fort  Moul- 
"e,  on  Sullivan's  Island. 

Charleston  is  regularly  built,  and  extends  about  3  miles 
length  and  nearly  li  miles  in  breadth.  The  streets, 
,ny  of  which  are  60  or  70  feet  broad,  and  bordered  with 
utiful  shade-trees,  pass,  for  the  most  part,  parallel  to 
e  another,  from  the  Cooper  to  the  Ashley  River,  and  are 
intersected  by  others  nearly  at  right  angles.  Many  of  the 
"  iOuses  are  of  brick,  some  of  which  are  in  a  style  of  superior 
:ance ;  others  are  of  wood,  neatly  painted,  and  embow- 
'  during  the  summer  season  amid  a  profusion  of  foliage 
d  flowers.  The  dwellings  are  often  furnished  with  piazzas 
;ending  to  the  roof  and  ornamented  with  vines  or  creep- 
I,  while  the  gardens  attached  to  them  are  adorned  with 
e  orange,  peach,  and  other  choice  trees  and  shrubs. 
The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  new  custom-house, 
the  city  hall,  the  court-house,  the  citadel,  the  academy  of 
music,  the  orphan  asylum,  and  the  arsenal.  The  custom- 
house is  a  handsome  edifice,  built  of  granite  and  white  mar- 
ble. At  the  southern  extremity  of  the  city  is  a  small  park, 
called  the  Battery  or  White  Point  Garden,  which  is  a  popu- 
lar place  of  promenade.  The  most  important  educational 
and  literary  institutions  are  the  College  of  Charleston  (non- 
sectarian),  which  was  founded  in  1785  and  reorganized  in 
1837;  the  Medical  College  of  South  Carolina,  which  was 
founded  in  1833 ;  the  high  school ;  the  normal  school  for 
girls;  and  the  Charleston  Library,  founded  in  1748.  The 
College  of  Charleston  has  an  excellent  museum  of  natural 
~"  tory. 

Charleston  contains  40  churches,  29  white  and  11  colored, 
mong  the  former  are  3  Baptist,  4  Catholic,  8  Episcopal,  3 
lUtheran,  3  Methodist,  and  4  Presbyterian.  St.  Michael's 
'  urch  (Episcopal)  is  a  remarkable  brick  structure,  with  a 
steeple  180  feet  high,  and  a  chime  of  bells  which  were  im- 
ported from  England  in  1764.  Among  the  benevolent  in- 
stitutions are  the  city  hospitals,  the  William  Enston  Home 
"  to  make  old  age  comfortable,"  the  Confederate  Home  for 
Widows,  the  almshouse,  the  asylum  for  the  aged  and  infirm, 
and  the  orphan  asylum,  which  is  liberally  endowed  and  can 
accommodate  300  children.  There  are  also  Catholic  orphan 
asylums,  and  a  convent.  Charleston  is  the  seat  of  a  Cath- 
olic bishop.  Two  daily  newspapers  are  published  here, 
also  several  weekly  papers.  This  city  has  3  large  public 
halls,  3  national  banks,  4  state  banks,  8  savings-banks,  5 
machine-shops,  7  cotton-presses,  several  grist-mills  and 
ship-yards,  a  bagging-factory,  a  good  dry-dock  for  large 
ships,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  phosphate  of  lime, 
which  abounds  in  the  vicinity. 

Charleston  is  the  chief  commercial  city  of  South  Carolina, 
its  facilities  embracing  a  harbor  deep  enough  for  the  largest 
ships,  and  three  railway  lines, — the  South  Carolina,  the 
Northeastern,  and  the  Charleston  &  Savannah, — which 
have  their  terminus  here,  and  which  are  connected  with 
the  interior  by  important  feeders.  These  lines  have  lately 
secured  exceptionally  fine  terminal  facilities,  much  the 
larger  part  of  the  eastern  or  ocean  water-front  of  the  city 
being  traversed  by  a  special  line  connecting  the  several 
railroads  with  the  wharves.  The  chief  articles  of  export 
are  cotton,  rice,  phosphate,  naval  stores,  and  lumber.    The 

Quantity  of  cotton  received  here  in  the  year  ending  August 
1,  1891,  was  544,330  bales  of  "  Uplands"  and»13,4l4  bags 
of  Sea  Island  cotton.    During  the  same  year  87,657  barrels 


of  rice,  175,871  barrels  of  rosin,  and  35,414  casks  of  tur- 
pentine were  received  here.  Among  the  exports  of  that 
year  were  267,743  tons  of  crude  phosphate,  and  287,975 
tons  of  manufactured  phosphate.  The  total  value  of  the 
foreign  exports  from  this  port  in  the  year  ending  August 
31,  1891,  was  $21,857,470.  This  city  has  a  large  wholesale 
trade  in  dry-goods,  clothing,  drugs,  &c.  Steamships  ply 
regularly  between  this  port  and  New  York  and  Florida. 
Steam  ferry-boats  run  from  this  city  to  Sullivan's  Island, — 
a  popular  summer  resort,  with  a  good  beach  for  bathing. 
Charleston  has  two  lines  of  horse-cars,  one  of  which  trans- 
ports freight  from  the  farms  on  the  neck  to  the  wharves. 
A  light-house  at  the  entrance  of  Charleston  harbor  exhibits 
a  revolving  light,  125  feet  high. 

This  city  was  founded  about  1677.  A  few  years  after  that 
date  a  company  of  French  Huguenots,  exiled  for  their  re- 
ligion, settled  at  this  place.  On  the  28th  of  June,  1776,  a 
British  squadron  attacked  the  garrison  on  Sullivan's  Island, 
consisting  of  400  men  under  Colonel  Moultrie,  who  defended 
the  place  with  success.  Charleston  was  afterwards  besieged 
by  Sir  Henry  Clinton  from  April  1,  1780,  to  May  12,  when 
it  was  surrendered  by  General  Lincoln.  On  the  12th  of 
April,  1861,  the  South  Carolinians  bombarded  Fort  Sumter, 
which  they  took  the  next  day.  This  was  the  second  great 
act  in  the  civil  war,  which  had  been  initiated  by  the  secret 
evacuation  of  Fort  Moultrie  by  Major  Anderson  and  gar- 
rison, and  their  occupation  of  Fort  Sumter.  In  April,  1863, 
a  Federal  fleet  of  nine  iron-clad  vessels,  commanded  by 
Admiral  Dupont,  attacked  the  fortifications  of  Charleston 
without  success.  After  a  long  siege  the  place  was  evacuated 
by  the  Confederates,  February  17,  1865.  Pop.  in  1800, 
18,711;  in  1820,  24,780;  in  1840,  29,261;  in  1860,40,522; 
in  1880,  49,984 ;  in  1890,  by  United  States  census,  54,955, 
and  by  local  official  census,  65,165. 

Charleston,  a  post-village  of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Hiawassee  River  where  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
Georgia  Railroad  crosses  that  stream,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chattanooga,  and  71  miles  S.W.  of  Enoxville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school. 

Charleston,  a  township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.  It  has  an 
academy  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  1058. 

Charleston,  a  city,  the  capital  of  West  Virginia  and 
of  Kanawha  co.,  is  situated  on  Great  Kanawha  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Elk  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  369  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond,  about  66  miles  S. 
of  Parkersburg,  and  52  miles  E.  of  Huntington,  which  is 
on  the  Ohio  River.  Lat.  neariy  38°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  31'  W. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place  in  all  stagea 
of  water.  It  contains  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  St. 
Mary's  Academy  (Catholic),  10  churches,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers,  besides 
the  "  Baptist  Record"  and  a  monthly  agricultural  paper. 
It  has  also  a  state-house  built  of  stone  and  brick  about  1870. 
Large  quantities  of  bituminous  coal,  timber,  and  salt  are  pro- 
cured near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  4192 ;  in  1890,  6742. 

Charleston,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Port  Medway  River,  12  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  160. 

Charleston,  or  Cal'edon,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  41  miles  from  Toronto.  It  con- 
tains 5  stores,  3  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  300. 

Charleston,  or  Dickens,  a  post-settlement  in  Carle- 
ton  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  16  miles  from  Woodstock.    P.  150. 

Charleston,  Quebec.     See  Hatlet. 

Charleston  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Fonda. 

Charleston  of  Aboyne,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Aberdeen,  parish  of  Aboyne,  on  the  Dee,  27i  miles  W.  of 
Aberdeen.     In  its  vicinity  is  Aboyne  Castle. 

Charlestown,  charlz'tdwn,  a  post-village  of  Clarke 
CO.,  Indiana,  is  in  Charlestown  township,  nearly  3  miles 
W.  of  the  Ohio  River,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Louisville,  Ky., 
and  14  miles  N.E.  of  New  Albany.  A  branch  of  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad  connects  it  with  Cincinnati,  0.  It 
has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  court-house,  a  printing-office 
which  issues  a  weekly  newspaper,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cement- 
factory.     Pop.  888 ;  of  the  township,  2773. 

Charlestown,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  an 
inlet  called  North-East  River,  at  or  near  the  N.  extremity 
of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmingtoi. 
&  Baltimore  Railroad,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  Ii 
has  a  church.     Pop.  223. 

Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  a  former  city,  merged  in 
1873  into  Boston,  of  which  it  now  forms  a  part,  contains 
Bunker  Hill  monument,  a  state  prison,  a  United  States  navy- 
yard,  fine  churches  and  public  buildings,  and  has  extensive 
sugar-refineries  and  other  industrial  establishments,  besidei 
many  warehouses.     Its  water-front  is  partly  upon  Boston 


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Harbor,  and  partly  upon  Charles  and  Mystic  Rivers,  which 
divide  it  from  Boston  proper  and  from  Chelsea  respectively. 
These  rivers  are  crossed  by  fine  bridges.  Charlestown  has 
a  station  at  the  crossing  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  and  Fitch- 
burg  Railroads,  1  mile  from  Boston,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Eastern  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Somerville.  The  pen- 
insula on  which  Charlestown  stands  is  connected  with  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus  called  Charlestown  Neck. 
Fop.  33,556.    See  Boston. 

Charlestown,  a  post-township  of  Redwood  cc,  Minn. 
Pop.  250. 

Charlestown,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  cc,  N.H.,  in 
Charlestown  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  8  miles  above  Bellows  Falls,  and  on  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Claremont.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  high  school,  and  several  churches.  The  township 
has  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  contains  a  hamlet 
named  North  Charlestown.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1741. 

Charlestown,  a  post-township  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland,  is  intersected  by  the  Atlantic 
A,  Great  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named 
Charlestown,  which  is  3  miles  from  Freedom  Station,  and 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  675. 

Charlestown,  a  village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Charles- 
town township,  on  Pickering  Creek,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Phoe- 
nixville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Here  is 
Pickering  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  907. 

Charlestown,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad.  It  has  5 
churches.  Pop.  1054,  of  whom  about  100  are  Narragansett 
Indians. 

Charlestown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
W.  Va.,  is  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  about  3  miles  W.  of 
the  Shenandoah  River,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  91  miles 
W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  banks,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  2  academies,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2016,-  in  1890,  2287. 

Charlestown,  township,  Calumet  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1267. 

Charlestown,  a  station  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Rail- 
road, 236  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  14  miles  N.  of 
Dorchester. 

Charlesville,  oharlz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  in  Colerain  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Bedford. 

Charlesville,  Ontario.  See  Aultsville,  Enniskil- 
LEN,  and  Haydon. 

Charlesworth,  oharlz'w9rth,  a  post-hamlet  and  rail- 
road station  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hamlin  township,  on 
the  Lansing  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
22  miles  S.  of  Lansing.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Charleval,  shaR^l§h-v41',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eore,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Les  Andelys.     Pop.  1457. 

Charleville,shaR^l9h-veel',called  Libreville,  leebV- 
veel',  under  the  first  republic,  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ardennes,  1  mile  N.N.E.  of  M6zi^res,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  a  bridge  and  railway  across  the  Meuse.  Pop. 
12,059.  It  is  well  built,  clean,  and  handsome;  it  has  a  col- 
lege, an  ecclesiastical  school,  a  public  library,  and  a  theatre. 
Since  the  seventeenth  century,  when  it  ceased  to  be  a  fort- 
ress, it  has  become  thriving.  It  has  manufactures  of  copper 
goods,  hardware,  firearms,  and  nails,  with  a  port  on  the 
river,  and  active  trade  in  wine,  spirits,  coal,  iron,  and  slates. 

Charleville,  shar'l§-vir,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Cork,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  2482. 

Charleville,  or  Augusta  Town  Hall,  apost- village 
in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  from  Prescott.     Pop.  200. 

Charlevoix,  sharH^h-voi',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Michigan,  bordering  on  Lake  Michigan,  has  an  area  of 
about  427  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Little  Traverse  Bay,  and  is  deeply  indented  by  several  in- 
lets of  the  lake.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  pro- 
duces wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  &c.  It  is  intersected  from 
N.  to  S.  by  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Boyne.  Pop.  in  1870,  1724;  in  1880,  5115;  in  1890, 
9686. 

Charlevoix,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer  resort 
of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name, 
on  Lake  Michigan,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Petoskey,  and  about 
46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  shingles,  ties,  posts,  Ac.     Pop.  1496. 

Charlevoix,  shar^l^h-voi',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Quebec,  having  the  St.  Lawrence  for  its  S.  boundary.  Area, 
1959  square  miles.     Capital,  St.  Paul's  Bay.     Pop.  15,611. 

Char'Iie  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 


Charlien,  shaRM^-ch'  (anc.  CarU'ocun),  a  town  o| 
France,  department  of  Loire,  38  miles  N.  of  Montbrison. 
Pop.  3890,  employed  in  manufactures  of  cotton  and  linen. 

Char'lieville,  a  post-office  of  Richland  parish.  La. 

Char'loe,  a  small  post-village  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Auglaize  River  and  the  Miami  Canal,  about  64  milei 
S.W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Charlois,  shaR^lwi',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  on  the  Meuse,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rotterdam 
Pop.  2053. 

Char'lo's  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  40  miles  S.  of  Guysborough.     Pop.  100. 

Charlotte,  shar'lot,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Roanoke  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad.  Capital,  Smithville.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,513 : 
in  1880,  16,653 ;  in  1890,  15,077. 

Charlotte,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.    Pop.  746. 

Charlotte,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lyons,  and  on 
Deep  River,  about  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  county  almshouse,  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  in  1890,  231. 

Charlotte,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo..  Me.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Calais.     Pop.  467. 

Charlotte,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich., 
35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jackson,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing, 
and  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  high  school, 
2  national  banks,  8  churches,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill,  3 
newspap  ir  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  2  large  furniture-facto- 
ries, 2  carriage-factories,  a  fruit-evaporating  factory,  a 
truck-  and  bag-holder  factory,  a  fence-machine  factory,  &o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3867. 

Charlotte,  a  township  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1289. 

Charlotte,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1706.     It  contains  Charlotte  Centre  and  Sinclairville. 

Charlotte,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Greece  township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  The  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad  also  passes  through  this 
place.  It  has  a  light-house,  3  churches,  an  iron-furnace, 
several  ship-yards,  and  grain-elevators.  The  steamboats 
which  navigate  the  lake  touch  daily  at  this  place,  which 
is  the  lake-port  of  Rochester.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Charlotte,  a  village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Newfane 
township,  8^  miles  N.  of  Lockport.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  300.     Here  is  Newfane  Post-Office. 

Charlotte,  a  city  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  capital  of 
Mecklenburg  co.,  is  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air- Line 
Railroad,  265  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Salisbury,  and  110  miles  N.  of  Columbia,  S.C.  It  is  the 
northern  terminus  of  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta 
Railroad,  and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Atlantic,  Ten- 
nessee &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Biddle  Uni- 
versity (Presbyterian),  organized  in  1867.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  10  churches,  2  academies,  3  national  banks,  a 
state  bank,  a  branch  mint,  4  cotton-mills,  2  cotton-seed  oil- 
mills,  a  hosiery-mill,  2  machine-factories,  furniture-,  sash-, 
door-,  and  blind-factories,  and  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  7094 ;  in  1890,  11,557. 

Charlotte,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  N.  of  Dickson  Railroad  Station,  and  about  40  miles 
W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
tobacco-factory.     Pop.  276. 

Charlotte,  a  village  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in  Char- 
lotte township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.  of  Burlington.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Champlain.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1430. 

Charlotte,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Passa- 
maquoddy  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  Maine,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  St.  Croix  River.  Grand 
Manan,  Campo  Bello,  and  Deer  islands  belong  to  this 
county.  The  chief  industry  of  the  inhabitants  is  directed 
to  commerce,  ship-building,  lumbering,  and  the  fisheries. 
The  county  is  traversed  by  the  New  Brunswick  &  Canada 
Railway.     Capital,  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  25,882. 

Charlotte  Amalie,  shar^lott'  S,-mi'le-§h,  or  St. 
Thomas,  s^nt  tom'as,  a  town  of  the  island  of  St.  Thomas, 
and  the  seat  of  government  of  the  Danish  West  Indies. 
Pop.  about  13,000,  of  whom  three-fourths  are  blacks.  It  ia 
built  chiefly *»n  three  hills,  which  are  spurs  of  a  high  moun- 
tain.    It  has  an  excellent  harbor  and  an  extensive  trade. 


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The  town  has  6  oharohes,  and  a  local,  a  savings-,  and  an 
English  colonial  bank.  It  has  a  daily  and  2  semi-weekly 
newspapers,  gas-works,  a  goyernment  house,  and  3  hos- 
pitals, and  is  connected  by  telegraphs  with  the  continent. 
See  Saint  Thomas. 

Charlotteburg,  8har'15t-burg,  a  post-village  of  West 
Milford  township,  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Pequannock 
Creek,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroaid,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Green  Pond  Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Paterson.  It  has  4  churches,  a  marble-quarry,  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  implements  and  tools  of  various  kinds. 

Charlotte  Centre^  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Charlotte  township,  4  miles  from  Sinclairville 
Station.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Charlotte   Court-House,   Virginia.     See  Smith- 

VILLE. 

Charlotte  Fur'nace,  a  post-ofiBoe  of  Carter  co.,  Ky. 

Charlotte  Hall,  a  post- village  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Southern  Maryland  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  an  academy. 

Charlotte  Har'bor,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Lab- 

fior,  British  North  America,  60  miles  N.  of  the  Strait  of 
ille  Isle,  about  lat.  53°  N. 
Charlotte  Har'bor,  Florida,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  from  which  it  extends  into  the  interior  about  25 
miles.  Itisshallow,  scarcely  more  than  10  feet  deep.  Good 
sters  and  fish  are  found  here. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co.,  Fla., 
the  bay  of  its  own  name,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pine 
vel.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  182. 
Charlotte  Islands.    See  Queen  Charlotte  Islajtos. 
Charlottenbrunn,  shaR-lot'ten-bro5n\  a    town    of 

ssian  Silesia,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  1279. 
Charlottenburg,  shaR-lot't^n-booRO^  a  town  of 
ussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  3  miles  W.  of  Ber- 
with  which  it  communicates  by  railways,  and  by  a 
aight  avenue  bordered  by  villas.  It  has  breweries, 
emical  works,  steam  cotton-mills,  cotton-print  works, 
anufactures  of  hosiery,  Ac.  It  is  handsomely  built,  and 
has  2  palaces,  and  a  park  with  statues  of  the  Elector  Fred- 
ck  William  and  his  son  Frederick  I.     It  is  a  favorite 

e  of  holiday  resort.     Pop.  25,847. 
Charlotte   River,  an  affluent  of  the  Susquehanna, 
!orms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Otsego,  Schoharie,  and 
Delaware  counties,  New  York. 

Charlottesville,  shar'lSts-vil,  a  post-village  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Columbus,  Chi- 
cago Sd  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Indianapo- 
flt  has  3  churches.  Pop.  414. 
Charlottesville,  a  city,  capital  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Rivanna  River,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  97  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Richmond,  39  miles  E.S.E.  of  Staunton,  and  61 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  contains  9  churches,  2 
banks,  the  Albemarle  Female  Institute,  the  Charlottesville 

Kistitute  for  boys,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly 
swspapers.  At  this  place  is  the  University  of  Virginia, 
hich  was  planned  by  Thomas  Jefferson  about  1820  and 
endowed  by  the  state,  and  which  has  25  professors,  an  aver- 
age number  of  about  500  students,  and  a*^  library  of  37,000 
volumes.  It  is  nnsectarian.  Charlottesville  has  also  a 
woollen-factory,  a  cigar-factory,  and  agricultural  works. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2676;  in  1890,  5591. 

Charlottetown,  the  capital  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  of  Queens  co.,  is  on  the  Hillsborough  River,  near  the 

«>uthern  coast.     Lat.  46°  15'   N.;   Ion.  63°  7'  W.     It  is 
rell  built,  and  contains  the  government  buildings,  post- 
ffice,    court-house,   market,   public   hall,   athenaeum,   ex- 
change,  drill-shed,   Prince   of  Wales,    St.   Dunstan's  and 
Methodist   colleges,  normal   school,  convent,  lunatic  asy- 
lum, jail,  and  9  churches.     A  semi-weekly  and  6  weekly 
newspapers  are  here  published.     The  town  also  contains  3 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  woollen-factory,  iron-foundry,  ship- 
building yards,  Ac.     The  streets,  which  are  lighted  with 
gas,  are  wide  and  well  laid  out.     It  is  on  a  railway  which 
connects  it  with  the  principal  towns  and  villages  on  the 
island.     It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1891)  11,374. 
Charlotte  Town,  West  India  islands.    See  Roseau. 
Charlotteville,  shar'lot-vil,  a  post-village  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Charlotte  River,  in  Summit  township, 
about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Albany.     It  contains  a  church, 
3  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  a  saw-mill,  <tc. 
Charlotteville  Centre,  Ontario.     See  Walsh. 
Charl'ton,  an  island  of  Canada,  in  James's  Bay.    Lat. 
62°  N;  Ion.  79°  50'  W. 

Charl'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  1066  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 


by  the  Satilla  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  level , 
the  soil  is  sandy.  A  large  part  of  it  is  occupied  by  swampa 
and  forests.  The  land  produces  a  little  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Capital,  Traders  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870,  1897 ;  in  1880, 
2154;  in  1890,  3335. 

Charlton,  a  post-bamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Charlton  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester,  and  3  miles 
S.  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
public  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  satinet,  lumber,  packing-boxes,  shoddy,  and  wire.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1847. 

Charlton^  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Charlton  township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1589. 

Charlton,  a  village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in  Pine  Creek 
township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Wayne 
Station.  It  has  2  stores,  a  tannery,  a  hotel,  and  a  cigar- 
factory.     Pop.  131. 

Charlton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Charlton  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Charlton  Depot.     It  has 

2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  satinet,  and  wire.     Pop.  600. 

Charlton  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  oo., 
Mass.,  in  Charlton  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 57  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston. 

Charl'ton-next-Woolwich  (w661'ich),  a  village  of 
England,  co.  of  Kent,  S  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  London,  of 
which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  is  on  elevated  ground  near  the 
Thames,  and  has  an  interesting  church  and  a  stately  manor- 
house.     Pop.  7699. 

Charly,  shaR^lee',  several  villages  of  France;  the  chief 
in  Aisne,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1677. 

Charmes-sur-Moselle,  shaRm-siiR-mo^z§ir,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  Moselle,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Epinal.  Pop.  3090.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  and  ex- 
tensive tanneries. 

Charm ey,shaR^m&'  (Ger.  (?a2mi8,  g&l'mis),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  14  miles  S.  of  Freyburg.     Pop.  1012. 

Char'mouth,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Char  in  the  English  Channel,  2  miles 
N.E,  of  Lyme-Regis.     Pop.  644. 

Charneux,  shaR^nuh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  10  miles 
E.  of  Liege.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2200. 

Charny,  shaR^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Joigny.     Pop.  of  commune,  1580. 

Charo,  ch5,'ro  (anc.  Matlatzin'go),  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Michoacan,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Otzumatlan, 
upward  of  6000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  carries  on  a 
considerable  commerce.     Pop.  6242. 

Charolais,  France.     See  Charolois. 

Charolles,  shi'roU',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Loire,  30  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Macon.  Pop.  3295.  It 
stands  between  two  hills,  one  crowned  by  a  ruined  castle. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  crockery,  oil, 
plaster,  Ac,  and  trade  in  cattle,  wine,  and  grain. 

Charolois,  shi^roMi',  or  Charolais,  shi^roMi',  an 
old  subdivision  of  France,  in  Burgundy,  now  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Sa6ne-et-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Charolles. 

Charonne,  sh&^ronn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
adjoining  Paris  on  the  E.  Pop.  12,000.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  chemical  products,  wax  candles,  and  colors. 

Charost,  shi^rost',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Cher,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1546. 

Charpey,  shaR^pi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drdme,  9  miles 
E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  2603. 

Charrette,  shar-ret',  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  2690.     It  contains  Dutzow  and  Marthasville. 

Charroux,  shaR^roo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  30 
miles  S.  of  Poitiers.  Pop.  1943.  Here  are  the  remains  of 
a  monastery  founded  in  785  and  endowed  by  Charlemagne. 

Chars,  shaR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1008. 

Charshumba,  char-shum'b^,  written  also  Char- 
shambah,  .Tscharschambe,  or  Tcherchembeht 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak  (called  also 
Charshambah-Soo),  10  miles  from  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  41° 
11'  N.;  Ion.  36°  40'  E.     Pop.  7000. 

Char  Tar^apoor',  a  village  of  India,  district  and  near 
the  town  of  Pabna.     Pop.  4276. 

Char'ter  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa, 
24  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Manilla.  It  has  4  churches,  3 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  567. 

Charter  Oak  Park,  a  station  in  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 

3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hartford. 

Chartiers,  oharHeerz',  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  now  a  part  of  Carnegie.     It  is  on  Chartiers  Creek,. 


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which  separates  it  from  the  large  village  of  Mansfield  Val- 
ley, and  is  connected  with  Pittsburg  by  railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  iron. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2983.      See  Carnegie. 

Chartiers,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
south  side  of  the  Ohio  River,  about  3  miles  below  Pitts- 
burg, is  bounded  by  Chartiers  Creek,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 
Pop.  7808. 

ChartierSy  a  station  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  an  the  Al- 
leghany Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  N.B.  of  Pittsburg. 

ChartierS)  a  township  of  AYashington  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1 870,  exclusive  of  Cannonsburg,    It  has  mines  of  soft  coal. 

Chartiers,  a  station  in  Canton  township,  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wheeling  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4  miles  W. 
of  Washington,  Pa. 

Chartiers  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Washington 
00.,  runs  nearly  northeastward  into  Alleghany  oo.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  4  miles  below  Pittsburg.  The  Char- 
tiers Railroad  follows  the  course  of  this  creek. 

Chartres,  shaRt'r  (anc.  Au'tricum),  a  city  of  France, 
oapital  of  the  department  of  Eure-et-Loir,  on  a  steep  de- 
clivity beside  the  Euro,  at  a  railway  junction,  54  miled 
6.W.  of  Paris.  Lat.  48°  26'  53"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  29'  20"  E. 
Pop.  19,442.  It  has  a  celebrated  Gothic  cathedral,  the 
most  perfect  in  France  (built  about  1200),  two  other  re- 
markable churches,  an  episcopal  palace,  vast  barracks, 
occupying  an  old  convent,  a  theatre,  and  portions  of  its 
old  fortifications,  comprising  two  gates.  In  one  of  the 
squares  is  an  obelisk  to  the  memory  of  General  Marceau. 
It  has  a  society  of  agriculture,  a  public  library  of  50,000 
volumes,  manufactories  of  hosiery,  hats,  and  leather,  pdtSa 
in  great  repute,  and  its  weekly  markets  are  the  largest  in 
France  for  corn  and  flour.  Chartres  was  long  held  by  the 
English,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  Dunois  in  1432. 

Chartreuse,  France.    See  La  Grande-Chartreuse. 

Char'wah%  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions,  67 
miles  N.E.  of  Boorhanpoor. 

Charybdis,  the  ancient  name  of  Galofaro. 

Charytch,  or  Tcharytch,  chi-ritch',  a  river  of  Si- 
beria, rises  in  the  Altai  Mountains,  in  the  S.  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Tomsk,  and  joins  the  Obi  near  Bijsk,  after  a 
very  rapid  and  winding  course  of  about  220  miles. 

Chascomus,  ch&s-ko-mooce',  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  about  200  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  the  city  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  3317. 

Chase,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  750  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cot- 
tonwood River,  and  also  drained  by  Diamond  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies,  and  groves  of  hickory,  haokberry,  cottonwood,  wal- 
nut, &c.,  growing  near  the  streams.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian com,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison,  To- 
peka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Cottonwood  Falls. 
Pop.  in  1675,  3116;  in  1880,  6081;  in  1890,  8233. 

Chase,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Nebraska,  borders 
on  Colorado.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  desti- 
tute of  timber.  It  is  watered  by  the  Frenchman's  Fork, 
and  Spring  Creek.     Capital,  Imperial.     Pop.  in  1890, 4807. 

Chase,  a  post-office  of  Benton  oo.,  Ind.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  A  Bloomington  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa 
River,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores. 

Chase,  a  post-village  of  Lake  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Chase 
township,  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.  of  Ludington,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Reed  City.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  and  an  active  trade  in  lumber.  Pop. 
»f  the  township,  476. 

Chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  10  miles  S.  of 
Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLennan  oo.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Chase'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  oo..  Wis.,  on 
Raccoon  Creek,  15  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Chase  City,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  co„  Va., 
14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  leaf-tobacco- 
and  sash-  and  blind-factories.     Pop.  618. 

Chase's  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Glendale  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  hotel 
for  summer  boarders,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Chase's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Turner  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 


Chase's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  oo_ 
N.Y.,  on  Grass  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Madrid  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chase's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Tioga  River,  3i  miles  from  Fall  Brook.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Chase's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  on 
Chesapeake  Bay. 

Chase'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
St.  John's  River,  8  miles  from  Jacksonville. 

Chaseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Maryland  township,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, 68i  miles  W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Chaseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Seneoa 
township,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Chaseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Camden. 

Chasgo,  villages  of  Afghanistan.     See  Shasgo. 

Chashe-Lo-Um-Boo,  Thibet.  See Teshoo-Loomboo. 

Chas'ka,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  is 
in  Chaska  township,  ou  the  north  bank  of  the  Minnesota 
River,  and  on  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  at  its 
junction  with  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad,  21  miles 
S.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  29  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
a  money- order  post-office,  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  2210. 

Chaskoi,  or  Chasskoi,  sh&s^ko'ee,  a  town  of  Tur- 
key, the  chief  town  of  the  district,  25  miles  E.  of  Adria- 
nople,  with  \tarm  springs.     Pop.  5000. 

Chasma,  or  Chassma,  K&s'mi,  a  river  of  Croatia, 
after  a  tortuous  westerly  course  of  55  miles  joins  the  Lonya 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Bellovar.  Near  their  junction  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Chasma,  or  Chassma.     Pop.  460. 

Chasselas,  sh&s^s^h-li',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa6ne- 
et-Loire,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Macon.     Pop.  351. 

Chasseloap-Laubat.    See  Fort  de  France. 

Chasseneuil,  sh&s^s^h-nuh'y^  or  sh&s^nul',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Cbarente,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Confolens.  It  has 
mines  of  iron.     Pop.  2162. 

Chasseral,  sh&s^s^h-r&l',  a  mountain  of  the  Jura 
range,  in  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  9  miles  W.  of 
Bienne.     Elevation,  5280  feet. 

Chasseron,  shis^s^h-risa',  a  mountain  of  the  Jura 
range,  between  the  French  department  of  Doubs  and  the 
Swiss  canton  of  Vaud,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Yverdun. 

Chassma,  a  river  and  village  of  Croatia.  See  Chashi 

ChasUain',  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  oo..  Miss. 

Chatal  Boorgas,  or  Tchatal  Bourgas,  ch&'t&l' 
booR*g&s',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Viza. 

Chatalcha,  or  Tchatalcha,  cha,-t&l'oh&,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Constan- 
tinople. 

Chat'ata,  a  post-village  of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  35  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  125. 

Chatauque,  New  York.    See  Chautauqua. 

Chat^awa',  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  92  miles  N.  of 
New  Orleans.  It  has  a  church  and  a  convent,  a  seminary, 
and  a  house  of  the  Redemptorists,  and  is  a  popular  summer 
resort  for  New  Orleans  families. 

Chateaubriant,  shl,Ho*bre-6N>»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire- Infgrieure,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  4834. 
It  is  built  around  the  remains  of  a  castle  founded  in  1015, 
and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  confectionery, 
with  trade  in  iron,  timber,  oil,  and  corn. 

Ch&teau-Chalon,sh§,Ho'-sh4H6N«',  atown  of  Franc«^ 
in  Jura,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  608. 

Chateau  -  Chinon,  sha,Ho'-shee^n6No',  a  town  of 
France,  Nievre,  near  the  Yonne,  37  miles  E.  of  Nevers 
Pop.  2713. 

Chateau-Dauphin,  the  French  for  Castel  Delfino. 

Chateau-d'CEx,shaHo'-d5x,orChftteau-d'Oye8, 
sha,Ho'-dwi,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  22 
miles  E.  of  Lausanne,  on  the  Saane.     Pop.  2513. 

Chateau-d'Ol^ron,  France.    See  Le  Chateau. 

Chateau-du-IiOir,  sha^to'-dii-lwaR,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Sarthe,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Le  Mans,  near  the  Loire.  It  hai 
manufactories  of  linens,  twist,  and  leather.     Pop.  2945. 

Ch&teaudun,  shaHoMflN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure- 
et-Loir,  near  the  Loir,  26  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Chartres. 
Pop.  6781.  It  has  a  castle,  partly  of  the  tenth  century,  ft 
town  hall,  a  communal  college,  and  a  public  library ;  also 
tanneries  and  manufactories  of  blankets. 

Chateaugay,  shat-o-ga',  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo., 
N.  Y.,  is  on  the  Chateaugay  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same 


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Bam«,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg  it;  Lake  Champlain  Railroad, 
12  milea  E.N.E.  of  Malone,  and  45  miles  W.  of  Rouse's 
Point.  It  has  5  churches.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  town- 
«hip,  2727.  The  township  has  5  butter-factories,  5  starch- 
feotories,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Chateaugay  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Belmont  township,  12  miles  E.  of  Malone.  It  has 
ft  church,  and  manufactures  of  starch,  butter,  shingles,  <fec. 

Chateaugay  Lake,  in  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  Chateaugay  River.  It  is  in  two  parts,  the  upper 
and  lower  lakes, — the  latter  nearly  5  miles  long  and  quite 
narrow,  the  former  8  miles  long  and  5  miles  wide.  It  is 
navigated  by  a  steamboat,  used  for  carrying  iron  ore. 

Chateaugay  River  rises  in  New  York  in  a  small  lake 
of  its  own  name,  which  is  on  the  line  between  Clinton  and 
Franklin  cos.  It  runs  northwestward  into  the  province  of 
Quebec,  where  it  flows  northeastward,  and  enters  the  St. 
Lawrence  River  about  14  miles  above  Montreal. 

Chateaugiron,  shl,Ho^zheeV6N<»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1581. 

Chateau- Gonthier,  8hS,Ho'-g6No*te-a',  a  town  of 
France,  on  the  Mayenne,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laval.  Pop. 
7048.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  several  hospitals,  and 
manufactories  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  bleaehing- 
grounds. 

Chateauguay,  or  Chateaugay,  shlHo^gi',  a  county 
in  the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec,  rich  in  agricultural  resources. 
Area,  250  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  Chateauguay 
and  English  Rivers,  which  furnish  water-power.  Capital, 
Sainte  Marline.     Pop.  16,166. 

Chateauguay,  formerly  St.  Joachim, a  post-village 
in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,  on  Chateauguay  River,  24 
miles  S.  of  Montreal,  and  9  miles  from  Beauharnois.     It 

KB  2  churches,  a  convent,  4  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  900. 
Chateauguay  Basin,  Quebec,   is  a  post-village,  2 
iles  from  the  above.     Pop.  200. 
Chateau-Haut-Brion,sha,Ho'-ho-bre^6N»',  a  hamlet 
France,  in  Gironde,  celebrated  for  its  fine  growths  of 
Bordeaux  wine. 

Chateau-Lafitte,  sha.Ho'-li'feet',  a  hamlet  of  France, 

in  Gironde,  producing  one  of  the  finest  of  Bordeaux  wines. 

Chateau-Landon,    shaHo'-lftNoMdu"',    a    town    of 

I  Jrance,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  16  miles  S.  of  Fontainebleau. 

M>P.  2778. 

I^^Ch^teau-Latour,    sh^Ho'-liHooR',   two    contiguous 
vineyards  of  France,  on  the  Gironde,  near  Pauillac,  which 
yield  fine  growths  of  claret  wine. 
I V  Chateau-la- Valli^re,  sha,Ho'-ia,-varie-aiR',  a  town 
fc France,  Indre-et-Loire,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Tours.  P.  1175. 
^^T  Chateaulin,  sha,HoM5,No',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Finis- 
Bb'e,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  3259. 
H  Ch&teau-3f  argaux,  shaHo'-maR^go',  a  famous  vine- 
yard of  France,  on  the  Gironde,   14  miles  N.W.  of  Bor- 
deaux.    It  produces  fine  claret  wine. 
.^  Chateaumeillant,  sha.Ho*mi^yftN»',  atown  of  France, 
■i  Cher,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  3130. 
l^-Ch&teaunenf-de-Mazenc,    sha'to^nuf'-d^h-ma,^- 
ifiu"',  a  town  of  France,  9  miles  E.  of  Mont^limar.     P.  1833. 
Chateauneuf-de-Raiidon,    shaHo^nuf-d^h-rfiN"*- 
diNo',  a  town  of  France,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Mende.    P.  1465. 
Chateauneuf-du-Faou,    shaHo^nuf-dii-fi^o',     a 
town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  on  the  Aulne,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Quimper.     Pop.  3008. 

Chateauneuf-du-Uhone,  shaHS^nuf-dii-rCn,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  5  miles  S.  of  Mont61imar,  on 
the  Rhone,  opposite  Viviers.     Pop.  2082. 

Cliateauneuf-en-Bretagne,  sha'ts^nuf-anp-br^h- 
t4n',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Saint-Malo.     Pop.  673. 

Chateauneuf-en-Thymerais,sha,'to^nuf-6No-tee^- 
m?h-ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Chartres.     Pop.  1489. 

Chateauneuf-sur-Charente,shaH5'nuf'-8uR-shi^- 
rftNt',  a  town  of  France,  on  the  Charente,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Angoulfime.     Pop.  3641. 

Ch&teauneuf-snr-Cher,  sha^to^nuf-sUR-shiR,  a 
town  of  France,  on  an  island  in  the  Cher,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Saint-Amand.     Pop.  2993. 

Chateauneuf-snr-Loire,  shtLHo'nof-sUR-lwaR,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of  Or- 
leans.    Pop.  3264. 

ChiHteauneuf-sur-Sarthe,  shaHo'nnf-siiR-saRt,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Sarthe,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1683. 

Chateauneuf-yal-de-Bargis,shaHo'ncr-y&l-d«h 
baR^zhee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nifivre,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Cosne.     Pop.  2147. 
55 


Chateau-Ponsat,  8baH5'-p6N»^s&',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute- Vienne,  9  miles  E.  of  Bellac,  on  a  railway,  and  on 
the  Gartempe.     Pop.  3809. 

Chateau-Porcien,  shaHO'-poR^se-is"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the  Aisne,  26  miles  S.W.  of  M6- 
zi^res.     Pop.  1819. 

Chateau-Renard,shS.Ho'-r§h-naR',atown  of  France, 
in  Loiret,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montargis.     Pop.  1502. 

Chateau-Renard,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rhbne,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.     Pop.  5409. 

Ch&teau-Renault,  sh^^tS'-r^h-nS',  a  town  of  France, 
Indre-et-Loire,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tours.    Pop.  3978. 

Ch&teau  Richer,  8ha,'to'  re^shi',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  15  miles  below  Quebec.  It  has  a  lumber-  and 
flour-trade,  and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  sportsmen.  Pop.  1618. 

Chateauroux,  8hl,Ho*roo',  a  town  of  France,  capital 
of  the  department  of  Indre,  in  a  plain  on  the  Indre,  and  88 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Orleans.  Pop.  16,858.  Principal 
edifice,  the  castle  (long  the  prison  of  the  Princess  of  Cond6, 
niece  of  Richelieu),  which  now  serves  for  the  town  hall.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  assize,  chambers  of  commerce  and 
manufactures,  and  a  society  of  arts  and  agriculture.  Its 
manufactures  comprise  woollens,  army  cloth,  cutlery,  hats, 
hosiery,  paper,  and  parchment ;  it  has  also  an  active  trade 
in  woollen  yarn,  leather,  iron,  and  lithographic  stones. 

Chateauroux,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Hautes-Alpes,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Embrun.     Pop.  1772. 

Chateau-Salins,  a  town  of  Lorraine.    See  Salzburg. 

Chateau- Thierry,  sh§,Ho'-te-dR^Ree',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Marne,  58  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Paris.  Pop.  6519.  It  stands  on  a  declivity  crowned  by 
the  remains  of  a  castle  founded  by  Charles  Martel  in  720. 

Chateau-VilIain,sha.Ho'-veeri4No',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Marne,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  1434. 

Chateer-  (or  Chatir-)  Dagh,  a  mountain  of  Russia. 
See  Crimea. 

Chat- el- Arab,  river.    See  Siiat-el-Arab. 

Chatelaudreu,  sha,H4roMr6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
C6tes-du-Nord,  10  miles  W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  1261. 

Chateldon,  shS,^tfird6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy- 
de-D6me,  9  miles  N.  of  Thiers.     Pop.  1900. 

Chatelet,  sha.Heh-li',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
on  the  Sambre,  opposite  ChEltelineau,  4  miles  E.  of  Charleroi. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather.     Pop.  5660. 

Chatelet,  or  Le  Chatelet,  l§h  sh£L^t§h-li',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Cher,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint- 
Amand.     Pop.  1157. 

Chatelherault,  an  old  spelling  of  Chatellerault. 

Chatelineau,  sh^Hfiree^no',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  on  the  Sambre,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Charleroi^ 
and  opposite  Chatelet.     It  has  many  foundries.     Pop.  5193. 

Chatellerault,  sha'tSirro',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vi- 
enne, capital  of  the  arrondissement,  on  the  Vienne,  acros» 
which  it  communicates  with  a  suburb  by  a  stone  bridge,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Poitiers.  Pop.  13,363.  It  is  one 
of  the  principal  seats  of  the  manufacture  of  French  cutlery. 
It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  an  old  castle  (whence  its  name), 
a  theatre,  exchange,  hospital,  national  manufactory  of  arms, 
and  a  large  trade  in  millstones,  wines,  dried  fruits,  and  agri- 
cultural produce. 

Ch&tel-Saint-Denis,  sh^Hir-s&Mo-d^h-nee',  a  vil- 
lage of  Switzerland,  canton  and  23  miles  S.W.  of  Freyburg, 
with  a  castle  on  the  Vevaise  River.     Pop.  2326. 

Ch&tel-Saint-Denis-sur-Moselle,  8ha*t8r-si»«- 
d§h-nee'-siin-mo'zfiir,  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the 
Moselle,  11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1266. 

Cb&telus,  sh^H^h-liice',  a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse, 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  1329. 

Chatenay,  sh^H^h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  942. 

Chatenois,  shaHeh-nw&',  a  village  of  France,  5  miles 
S.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  960. 

Chatenois,  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1482. 

Chatenois,  or  Chatenoix,  Alsace.  See  Kestenhols. 

Chat'field,  a  post- village  of  Fillmore  oo.,  Minn.,  on 
Root  River  (or  one  of  its  branches),  about  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Rochester,  and  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  2  flouring-mills, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  1335. 

Chatfield,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo.,  0.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  New  Washington,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Buoyrua. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Chatfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Rice  Station.     It  has  3  charoh  organizations. 

Chatham,  ohat'%m,  a  borough  of  England,  on  the  B. 


OHA 


858 


CIlA 


bank  of  the  Medway,  30  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  London. 
It  is  adjacent  to  Rochester,  Brompton,  and  Gillingham.  It 
is  flanked  on  the  E.  and  S.  by  heights  partly  built  on,  and 
crowned  with  several  forts.  The  town  is  well  paved  and 
lighted,  and  has  many  good  shops,  a  noble  dock-yard,  a 
fine  parish  church,  a  modern  building,  embodying  a  small 
part  of  the  original  Norman  structure,  a  charity  hospital, 
a  seamen's  and  other  hospitals,  and  a  literary  institution, 
with  a  museum.  The  military  and  naval  establishments, 
separated  from  the  town  by  a  line  of  fortifications,  comprise 
large  and  very  handsome  infantry,  marine,  engineer,  and 
artillery  barracks,  a  school  for  engineers,  and  a  noble  marine 
hospital,  the  dock-yard,  and  arsenal.  The  dock-yard  con- 
tains tide-docks  and  building-slips  for  vessels  of  the  largest 
size,  with  saw-mills,  forges,  machinery-works,  roperies,  ord- 
nance-ranges, an  armory,  and  a  large  prison.  The  popula- 
tion of  Chatham  is  mostly  engaged  in  the  military  and  naval 
establishments,  or  in  the  trade  arising  out  of  the  presence 
of  the  government  works.  Pop.,  including  the  close  suburbs 
Brompton  and  Gillingham  (1891),  59,210. 

Chatham,  chat'am,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  433  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.by  the  Ogeechee  River.  The 
surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  in  some  parts 
la  fertile.  Rice  is  the  staple  product.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  the  Charleston 
<fc  Savannah,  the  City  <fc  Suburban,  the  Savannah,  Florida 
&  Western,  and  the  South-Bound  Railroads,  all  of  which 
enter  Savannah,  the  capital.  A  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  cypress,  and  other  trees.  Pop.  in 
1870,  41,279;  in  1880,  45,023;  in  1890,  57,740. 

Chatham,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  784  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Deep  and  Haw  Rivers,  which  unite  in  the  S.E.  part 
and  form  the  Cape  Fear  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  product- 
ive. Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  Beds  of  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
county,  which  has  also  a  copper-mine.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Raleigh  <fc  Augusta  and  the  Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley 
Railroads.  Capital,  Pittsborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,723 ; 
in  1880,  23,453;  in  1890,  25,413. 

Chatham,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Boston  A  New 
York  Air-Line  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Middletown  (Cobalt 
Station).  The  township  has  ores  of  cobalt,  and  is  the  seat 
of  active  manufactures.     Pop.  2771. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  in 
Chatham  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Altofc  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  an  elevator,  a  money-order  j)08t-office,  a 
flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  482;  of  the  township,  1392. 

Chatham ,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Buchanan  co.,  lowa,  4  miles 
N.  of  Jesup  Railroad  Station. 

Chatham,  a  post- village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  16  miles 
W.  of  Maysville.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-implements. 

Chatham,  a  post- village  of  Barnstable  oo.,  Mass.,  is  in 
Chatham  township,  and  on  the  ocean,  at  the  southeastern 
point  of  the  peninsula  called  Cape  Cod,  7  miles  E.  of  Har- 
wich Railroad  Station,  and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Barnstable. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  4  churches,  a  toler- 
able harbor,  and  is  supported  mainly  by  navigation  and  fish- 
eries. Pop.  of  the  township,  2274.  The  township  contains 
a  hamlet  named  South  Chatham. 

Chatham,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  Here  are  forests  of  the 
ash,  elm,  maple,  oak,  Ac.     Pop.  224. 

Chatham,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  Its  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  445. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J,,  in  Chat- 
ham township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Newark,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  baskets,  Ac.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Madison,  and  2  academies. 
Total  pot).  3715. 

Chatham,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
intersected  by  Kinderhook  Creek  and  the  Boston  A  Albany 
and  Harlem  Extension  Railroads.  It  contains  post- villages 
named  Chatham,  North  Chatham,  East  Chatham,  Chatham 
Centre,  Chatham  Village,  Ac.     Total  pop.  4501. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Chatham  township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  133 
miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 


Chatham,  a  post- village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Newton 
township,  7  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  about  35  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 
Pop.  156. 

Chatham,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  containing 
Chatham  Centre.     Pop.  980, 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  London 
Grove  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  Delaware  Branch 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  A  vondale,  and  about  36  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  tannery  and  several  churches. 

Chatham,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1675, 

Chatham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Banister  River,  and  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  IS  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and  43 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  1  or 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  foundry,  a 
cigar-factory,  3  tobacco-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Chatham,  a  port  of  entry  in  Northumberland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Miramichi  River,  12  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  6 
miles  from  Newcastle,  and  84  miles  W.  of  Shediac.  It  is 
the  largest  town  on  the  north  shore  of  the  province,  and 
contains  several  handsome  buildings,  including  a  cathedral, 
a  hospital  and  college,  4  churches,  masonic  and  temperance 
halls,  printing-office,  steam  mills,  foundries,  and  ship-yards. 
It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Much  lumber  and  fish  are 
shipped  from  here.  The  harbor  is  capable  of  accommodating 
vessels  of  the  largest  tonnage.     Pop.  3000. 

Chatham,  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec.     See  Cushino. 

Chatham,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Kent,  On- 
tario, is  situated  on  the  river  Thames,  67  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  8 
churches,  2  printing-offices,  3  saw-mills,  5  grist-mills,  3 
woollen-mills,  5  foundries,  a  planing-mill,  pot-  and  pearl- 
asheries,  machine-shops,  soap-,  candle-,  and  other  factories, 
a  brewery  and  distillery,  and  numerous  stores.  A  very 
extensive  export  trade  is  done  in  grain,  pork,  and  other 
country  produce,  and  in  lumber,  square  timber,  railroad- 
ties,  staves,  and  cord-wood.     Pop.  5873. 

Chatham  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Chatham  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  and  on  the 
Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill  for  straw-paper. 

Chatham  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0., 
in  Chatham  township,  about  24  miles  W.  of  Akron.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Chatham  Four  Corners.    See  Chatham  Village. 

Chatham  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Marion. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Chatham  Island,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  30 
miles  S.  of  Wellington  Island. 

Chatham  Island,  one  of  the  Galapagos  Islands,  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean.     Coal  ha«  been  discovered  here. 

Chatham  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Radack  Chain,  in 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  179°  50'  E. 

Chatham  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific,  about  380 
miles  E.  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  of  Cape  Young,  43°  48'  S. ; 
Ion.  176°  58'  W.  They  consist  of  Chatham  (Wairikaori), 
Pitt,  and  some  smaller  islands,  the  first  being  about  90 
miles  in  circumference  and  containing  a  brackish  lake  25 
miles  long  and  7  miles  broad.  Coasts  rocky;  surface  un- 
dulating and  fertile,  but  often  marshy ;  products  similar  to 
those  of  New  Zealand.  They  belong  to  Great  Britain,  and 
are  a  dependency  of  the  colony  of  New  Zealand.    Pop.  130. 

Chatham  Port,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  South 
Andaman  Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal. 

Chatham  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  90  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Chatham  Run,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co..  Pa. 

Chatham  Sound,  Alaska,  lat.  56°  30'  N.,  Ion.  133°  W., 
separates  George  III.  and  Prince  of  Wales  Archipelagoes. 

Chatham  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  at 
the  hamlet  of  Shortsville. 

Chatham  Village,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
N.Y.,  is  partly  in  Chatham  township,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Albany,  and  128  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  on  the  Bos- 
ton A  Albany  Railroad,  and  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the 
New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad ;  and  a  branch  of  the  first- 
mentioned  road  extends  hence  to  Hudson.  It  is  sometimes 
called  Chatham  Four  Corners ;  but  the  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Chatham  Village.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bai.k, 
a  macjiine-shop,  a  paper-mill,  iron-foundries,  a  graded  school* 
an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Ch&tillon,  8hS,Hee^y6N<»',  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Aosta,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.    Pop.  2833. 


i 


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Chatillon,  a  lake  of  France.    See  Boukget. 

Chatillon,  shaHee*y6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drdme, 
32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  125W5. 

Chatillon  (anc.  Caatelliof),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Rhrme,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1201. 

Chatillon,  shS,Hee^y6N»',  a  post- village  in  Yamaska  co., 
Quebec,  12  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Celestin.     Pop.  200. 

Ch&tillon-de-Michaille,  sha,Hee^yiN»'-(i§h-mee^- 
shil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bourg. 

Chatillon-en-Bazois,  sh^'tee^yiuo'-ftNo-bi^zwi',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Nievre,  15  miles  W.  of  Ch^teau-Chinon, 
on  the  Aron.     Pop.  1179. 

Ch&tillon-en-Vendelais,  8lia,Hee^y6N»'-fiN"-vflN<'^- 
d§h-lA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  8  miles  N.  of 
Vitr6.     Pop.  1510. 

Chfttillon-lfes-Dombes,  shaHeeV6is»'-li-d6.Mb,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Ain,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tr6voux,  on 
the  Chalaronne.     Pop.  3046. 

Chatillon  -  sur  -  Colmont,  shilHee^y6N<»'-siiR-kor- 
mftijo',  a  town  of  France,  department  and  11  miles  "W.N.W. 
of  Mayenne      Pop.  2526. 

Chatillou-sur-Indre,  shS,Hee^ydN<»' - sUr - 8,Nd'R,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Indre,  on  the  Indre,  27  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chateauroux.     Pop.  3875. 

Chatillon-sur-IiOing,  shil*tee^y6iJo' -  sur  -  IwiN",  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Montargis. 
Pop.  2474. 

Chatillon-sur-Loire,sba,Hee^y6N°'-siiR-lwaR,  atown 
pf  France,  in  Loiret,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.    Pop.  3226. 

Ch&tillon-sur-Marne,  sha,'tee^y6N°'-siiR-maRn,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Marne,  on  the  Marne,  29  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chaions.     Pop.  847. 

Chatillon- sur- Saone,  shaHee^y6N»'-siiR-son,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lamarche.   Pop.  632. 

Chatillon- sur- Seine,  sha,Hee^y6No'-sUR-sine,  a  town 
of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dijon,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Seine.  It  has  good  public  buildings, 
with  a  castle  and  a  park,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
linen  fabrics,  hats,  leather,  flour,  and  paper.     Pop.  4860. 

Chatillon-sur-S^vre,  shaHeeV6N«' - sUr - saiv'R,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Deux-SSvres,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bres- 
gnire,  on  the  S^vre-Nantaise.     Pop.  1537. 

Chat'moss,  an  extensive  morass  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, now  largely  reclaimed,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Man- 
chester.    Area,  about  6000  acres. 

Chatonnay,  shiHon^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Is6re,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  2728. 

Chaton,  shiHoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
on  the  Paris  &  Saint-Germain  Railway,  3  miles  E.  of  Saint- 
Germain.     Pop.  3192. 

Chatra,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chittra. 

Chatres,  the  former  name  of  Arpajon. 

Chatsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shatsk. 

Chat^soo',  a  decayed  town  of  India,  24  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Ajmeer. 

Chats'worth,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  and 
perhaps  the  most  splendid  private  residence  in  England,  is 
situated  in  the  county  of  Derby,  in  a  beautiful  park,  10  miles 
in  circumference,  watered  by  the  Derwent,  3i  miles  N.E. 
of  Bakewell.  The  mansion  is  in  the  Ionic  style.  The  fur- 
niture, books,  paintings,  and  statuary  which  it  contains  are 
extremely  choice,  and  in  the  gardens  is  a  conservatory, 
with  water-works  considered  to  be,  with  the  exception  of 
those  at  Versailles,  the  first  in  Europe.  In  the  earlier  man- 
sion of  Chatsworth,  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  spent  a  consider- 
able portion  of  her  captivity. 

Chats'worth,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  in 
Chatsworth  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw 
Railroad,  79  miles  E.  of  Peoria,  and  about  44  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  bank  and  4  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  windmills  and  corn- 
huskers.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop. 
909  ;  of  the  township,  1622. 

Chatsworth,  or  Johntown,  a  post-village  in  Orey 
CO.,  Ontario,  109  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toronto,  and  12 
miles  from  Owen  Sound.  It  has  3  churches,  an  iron-foun- 
dry, a  saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores  and 
machine-shops.     Pop.  450. 

ChatHahoo'chee,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Geor- 
gia, has  an  area  of  about  220  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  of  Georgia  and 
the  Columbus  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Cusseta.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6059;  in  1880,  6670;  in  1890,  4902. 

Chattahoochee,  a  post-village  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla., 


fs  near  tbe  confluence  of  the  Chattahoochee  and  Flint 
Rivers,  at  the  junction  of  three  railroads,  41  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Tallahassee.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  penitentiary,  and 
has  3  churches,  a  state  lunatic  asylum,  Ac.     Pop.  383. 

Chattahoochee  River  rises  in  Habersham  co.,  Ga., 
and  runs  southwestward  to  West  Point,  where  it  strikes  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Alabama.  Below  this  point  it  runs 
nearly  southward,  and  forms  the  west  boundary  of  Georgia 
until  it  unites  with  the  Flint  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  the  state  last  named.  The  river  formed  by  this  conflu- 
ence is  the  Appalachicola.  The  Chattahoochee  is  about  500 
miles  long.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Columbus, 
which  is  300  miles  or  more  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Gold 
is  found  near  the  upper  part  of  this  river. 

Chattahoochee  River,  a  hamlet  of  Chambers  co., 
Ala.,  3  miles  from  West  Point,  Ga.  It  is  on  or  near  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  and  has  a  cotton-factory  and  an  iron- 
foundry,  with  a  machine-shop. 

Chattahoochee  River,  a  station  in  Gadsden  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  3  miles 
from  the  town  of  Chattahoochee. 

Chat'tan,  or  Chat'ton,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co., 
111.,  and  a  station  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clayton. 

ChatHanoo'ga,  a  city  of  Tennessee  and  great  rail- 
road terminus,  the  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  151  miles 
S.E.  of  Nashville,  112  miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  138 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  connected  with  the  towns 
of  Georgia  by  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  high  hills  and  picturesque  scenery  with  fine 
views  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  the  Cumberlands,  several 
valleys  and  intervening  ridges  converging  to  this  point. 
Steamboats  navigate  the  river  above  and  below  this  place, 
which  is  very  favorably  situated  for  trade  and  manufac- 
tures, having  mines  of  coal  and  iron  in  its  vicinity.  Chat- 
tanooga has  churches  of  all  the  leading  denominations, 
several  large  hotels,  which  are  said  to  be  the  best  in  the 
Southern  states,  the  Chattanooga  Female  Institute,  the 
U.  S.  Grant  University,  the  Chattanooga  Medical  College, 
and  a  system  of  public  schools.  The  amount  of  capital 
invested  here  in  manufactures  is  now  about  $10,000,000. 
It  contains  14  banks,  2  cotton -factories,  a  manufactory  of 
railroad-cars,  7  sash-  and  blind-factories,  2  steel-works, 
several  machine-shops,  3  rolling-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  2 
large  tanneries,  5  steam  saw-mills,  2  blast-furnaces,  and 
the  workshops  of  the  Alabama  Great  Southern  Railroad. 
Three  daily,  7  weekly,  1  semi-monthly,  and  3  monthly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Among  its  public  build- 
ings are  a  fine  opera-house,  a  Colored  Orphans'  Home,  the 
Baroness  Erlanger  Hospital,  grain-elevators,  and  a  mar- 
ble custom-house.  It  has  also  a  fine  park,  which  embraces 
the  Chickamauga  battle-field,  and  a  national  cemetery. 
Among  the  products  of  its  manufactories  are  pumps,  soap, 
leather,  railroad-iron,  steel,  woollen  goods,  furniture,  and 
carriages.  This  town  was  occupied  by  the  Union  army 
September  9,  1863,  and  was  almost  entirely  destroyed  dur- 
ing the  civil  war.  General  Grant  gained  a  victory  at  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  a  few  miles  from  Chattanooga,  on  November 
24,  1863.  This  is  sometimes  called  the  battle  of  Chatta- 
nooga. Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1851.  Pop.  in  1860, 
2545;  in  1870,  6093;  in  1880,  12,892;  in  1890,  29,100. 

Chattanooga  Creek  rises  in  Walker  xo.,  Ga.,  runs 
nearly  N.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  at  Chattanooga. 

Chatterawah,ariverof Kentucky.   See Sandt River. 

Chat'teris,  a  town  of  Cambridgeshire,  England,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ely.     Pop.  of  parish,  4765. 

ChatHerpoor',or  ChutUrapore' (native,  Chhatra- 
pur),  a  petty  native  state  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  with  a 
capital  town  of  the  same  name,  73  miles  S.E.  of  Jhansee. 
Area,  1240  square  miles.     Pop.  120,000. 

Chat^tola'nee,  a  summer  resort  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

ChatUoo'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  331  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Chattooga  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  moun- 
tains and  fertile  valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pasture.  Among 
the  minerals  of  this  county  are  iron  ore,  limestone,  and 
marble.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chattanooga, 
Rome  &  Columbus  Railroad.  Capital,  Summerville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6902;  in  1880,  10,021;  in  1890,  11,202. 

Chattooga,  a  small  river  which  drains  part  of  Chat- 
tooga CO.,  Ga.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Coosa 
River  in  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Chattooga  River  rises  in  North  Carolina,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Rabun  oo.,  Qa.» 


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and  Oconee  co.,  S.C.,  until  it  unites  with  the  Tallulah.    The 
stream  formed  by  this  union  is  the  Tugaloo  River. 

ChatHoo'gaville,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  oo.,  Ga. 
Chat'tra  (anc.  Kshetra),  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul, 
in  lat.  26°  53'  N.,  Ion.  87°  4'  E.,  with  a  temple  of  Vishnu, 
greatly  resorted  to  by  devotees. 

Chau-Abad,  Beloochistan.    See  Charbar. 

Chauchina,  ch5w-chee'n3.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 12  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1833. 

Chaudes-Aigues,  shod-zaig'  (Lat.  Oalen'tes  A'quse, 
"warm  water"),  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saint-Flour.  Pop.  1948.  It  is  an  old,  rustic  town,  in  a 
narrow  gorge,  with  remarkable  hot  springs,  varying  in  tem- 
perature from  98°  to  212°  Fahr.,  which  are  extensively  used 
for  baths,  washing,  and  warming  the  houses  of  the  town. 

Chaudefoiitaine,8hod^f6NoHin' (i.e.,"  warm  spring"), 
a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.  Pop.  973.  It  has  thermal  springs : 
temperature,  104°  Fahr.  The  village  is  finely  situated,  and 
its  baths  are  well  frequented. 

Chaudi^re^sho^de-aiR',  a  lake  of  Ontario  and  Quebec, 
is  an  expansion  of  the  river  Ottawa,  immediately  above 
Ottawa  City.  Length,  18  miles;  extreme  breadth,  6  miles. 
It  contains  a  number  of  islets,  and  terminates  in  the  Great 
and  Little  Chaudifire,  two  extraordinary  cataracts.  The 
principal  falls  are  60  feet  high  by  212  feet  wide. 

Chaudi^re,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  Megantic, 
and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  7  miles  above  Quebec,  after  a 
N.N.W.  course  of  102  miles.  Its  course  is  frequently  in- 
terrupted by  picturesque  islands.  The  banks  are,  in  gen- 
eral, high  and  precipitous,  and  near  its  mouth  are  the 
Chaudiere  Falls,  upwards  of  100  feet  high. 

Chaudi^re  Junction,  or  Saint  Etieune,  s&Nt-i'- 
te-5n',  a  post-village  at  the  junction  of  the  Levis  Branch 
with  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  776. 

Chaudoc,  sho^dok',  or  Nangiang,  nln^zhing',  a  west- 
em  province  of  the  French  colony  of  Cochin  China,  border- 
ing on  Cambodia.     Pop.  342,241. 

Chaufiailles,  shof'fil',  a  town  of  France,  in  SaSne- 
et-Loire,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ma,con.  Pop.  1993.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linens. 

Chau'ga,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  7  miles  from 
Walhalla. 

Chaumont,  sho^m6N>»',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Haute-Marne,  on  a  height  between  the  Marne 
and  Suize,  about  150  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
8491.  The  streets  are  steep,  but  it  is  well  built  and  pos- 
sesses good  public  edifices.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a 
public  library,  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  cutlery, 
and  gloves,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  iron  and  iron-wares. 

Chaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1269. 

Chaumont,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  9 
miles  W.  of  Saint-Julien.     Pop.  683. 

Chaumont,  sho^mo',  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Chaumont  Bay,  a  part  of  Lake  Ontario,  in  Lyme 
township,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
large  fisheries,  and  quari-ies  of  fine  limestone;  also  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  and  lumber. 
Pop.  370. 

Chaumont-sur-Loire,sho'm6]so'-siir-lwaR,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Loire,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Blois.     Pop.  1000. 

Chaun'cey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  large  pine  forests. 

Channcey,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co..  111.,  in  Petty 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Sumner  Station.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  100. 

Channcey,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  See  West  Lafayette. 

Channcey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Channcey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Linn  Creek. 

Channcey,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  River  and  Canal,  1  mile  from  Salina  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  37  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  Coal  is  mined  here, 
and  salt  is  made  from  the  brine  of  salt-wells.     Pop.  201. 

Channy,  sho^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  mostly 
on  an  island  in  the  Oise,  at  a  railway  junction,  21  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Laon.  Pop.  8982.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
cider,  linen  cloths,  and  hosiery ;  and  it  is  a  depot  for  char- 
coal and  timber. 

Chaussey,  sh5*si',  or  lies  Chausey,  eel  sho^zi',  a 
group  of  bare  and  rocky  islands  in  the  English  Channel, 


8  miles  from  the  coast  of  France,  opposite  Granville.    The\ 
supply  kelp  and  excellent  granite. 

€;hantauqua,  shg^taw'kwa,  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part 
of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  651  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Big  Caney  and  Middle  Caney  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
level;  the  soil  is  fertile,  the  staple  product  being  Indian 
corn.  Building-  and  paving-sandstone,  limestone,  marble, 
and  granite  are  found  here  in  large  quantities,  and  some 
coal.  The  county  is  intersected  by  2  railroad  systems. 
Capitol,  Sedan.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,072;  in  1890,  12,297. 

Chautauqna,  a  county  forming  the  W.  extremity  of 
New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1020  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Cassadaga,  ConeWango,  and  French  Creeks.  Among  its 
physical  features  is  Chautauqua  Lake,  which  is  about  17 
miles  long.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  wheat,  and  cheese  are 
the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  and  limestone 
boulders  are  found  here,  also  springs  of  carburetted  hydro- 
gen gas.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  <fc  Western,  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis, 
the  Western  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Chau- 
tauqua Lake  Railroads,  the  two  latter  communicating  with 
Mayville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  59,327;  in  1880, 
65,342 ;  in  1890,  75,202. 

Chautauqua,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan 
sas,  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cedarvale,  and  6  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Sedan.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a 
broom  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Chautauqua,  a  famous  summer  resort  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Jamestown.  Here  on  the  lake  are  the  Chautouqua  As- 
sembly Grounds,  some  165  acres  in  extent,  and  containing 
500  or  more  summer  cottoges,  a  museum  of  archaeology,  an 
amphitheatre  with  a  seating  capacity  of  5000,  several  halls 
for  meetings,  and  numerous  other  appliances  for  combining 
recreation  with  instruction.  Large  numbers  of  students 
and  visitors  congregate  here  in  the  summer.  Chautauqua 
Lake,  about  8  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  is  16  or  18  miles  long, 
extending  from  Mayville  southeastward  nearly  to  James- 
town, which  is  about  3  miles  from  the  foot  of  the  lake.  It 
is  1291  feet  above  tide-water,  and  726  feet  higher  than 
Lake  Erie.  The  width  varies  from  1  to  2i  miles.  Its  outlet 
issues  from  the  southeastern  end  and  enters  Conewango 
Creek,  passing  thence  through  the  Alleghany,  Ohio,  and 
Mississippi  Rivers  into  the  Atlantic.  It  is  a  beautiful 
sheet  of  water,  bounded  on  its  eastern  side  by  gravelly 
sloping  banks,  and  on  the  west  by  more  level  and  in  some 
places  marshy  shores. 

Chauvigny,  shoVeen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vi- 
enne,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Montmorillon,  on  tho  Vienne.  It 
has  manufactures  of  druggets.     Pop.  1911. 

Chaux-de-Fonds,  or  La  Chaux-de-Fonds,  14 
8ho-d^h-f6N»,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Neufch§,tel.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  narrow  and 
savage  gorge  of  the  Jura,  at  an  elevation  of  3070  feet  above 
the  sea.  With  Locle,  this  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  manufac- 
ture of  watches  of  the  canton.     Pop.  22,456. 

Chaux-  (or  La  Chaux-)  du-Milieu,  sho-du-mee'- 
le-uh',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chaux- 
de-Fonds.     Pop.  941. 

Chavanges,  shiV5Nzh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  19 
miles  E.  of  Arcis-sur-Aube.     Pop.  973. 

Chaves,  shi'vfis  (anc.  A'quse  Fla'vim),  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Tras-os-Montes,  44  miles  W.  of  Braganza,  on  the 
Tamega,  here  crossed  by  a  Roman  bridge  of  18  arches.  It 
has  hot  saline  springs.     Pop.  4871. 

Chaves,  sha'vSs,  or  Villa  do  Ecuador,  veel'li  do 
ek-wi-doR',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Pari,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Marajo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon. 
Lat.  0°  20'  S.;  Ion.  49°  40'  W. 

Chaves,  or  Santa  Anna  de  Chaves,  s&n'tS,  &n'n4 
di  sh3,'v5s,  the  capital  town  of  the  island  of  St.  Thomas, 
Gulf  of  Guinea,  on  the  N.E.  side.     Pop.  2000. 

Chaville,  shiVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  on  the  Seine,  1  mile  E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  2310. 

Chayanta,  chi-in'ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
and  55  miles  N.  of  Potosi. 

Chayar,  chi-yar',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  on  the 
Chayar  River.     Lat.  41°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  E. 

Chayenpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chainpoor. 

Chay-Fang,  or  Tche-Fang,  chi-fing',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Yun-Nan,  on  the  Lung-Tchuen,  125  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Shun-Ning.     Lat.  24°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  10'  E. 

Chazelles-sur-Lyon,  shi'z511'-siiR-le-6N«',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles  E.  of  Montbrison.    Pop.  4716. 

Chazy,  shaz^ee',  a  post- village  of  Chazy  township,  Clin- 


J 


CHA 


861 


CHE 


ton  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Little  Chazy  River,  14  miles  N.  of 
Plattsburg.  It  has  3  ohurohes  and  an  academy.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and 
intersected  by  a  railroad  which  connects  PlattsDurg  with 
Rouse's  Point.  It  has  manufactures  of  cheese,  lime,  lum- 
ber, and  starch,  and  contains  villages  named  Sciota  and 
West  Chazy.     Total  pop.  3074. 

Chazy  Lake^  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  4  miles  long, 
and  20  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Chazy  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Chazy  Lake,  in 
Clinton  co.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Cham- 
plain about  4  miles  S.  of  Rouse's  Point.  A  bed  of  Lower 
Silurian  limestone,  which  crops  out  near  this  river,  is  called 
Chazy  limestone. 

Chea'dle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Stoke-on-Trent.  Coal  and  limestone  abound  in 
the  vicinity.  Copper-,  brass-,  and  tin-works,  and  a  manu- 
facture of  cotton  tape,  are  carried  on.     Pop,  2929. 

Cheag-Tchu,  a  village  of  China.     See  Chek-Choo. 

Cheap  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Cheap'side,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
13  miles  from  Cayuga.     Pop.  100. 

Cheapstow,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Chepstow. 

Che^aput',  a  town  and  military  post  in  Sinde,  102  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  26°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  34'  E. 

Cheatham,  cheet'am,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cumberland  River,  and  also  drained  by  Harpeth  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  5  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  in  the 
\'8.  by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
;  Capital,  Ashland  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6678;  in  1880,  7956; 
1  in  1890,  8845. 

Cheatham's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala., 
'  on  the  Tennessee  River,  15  miles  below  Florence.  It  has  a 
I  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cheat  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co., 
*  W.  Va.,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Grafton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
f  grist-mill,  and  a  seminary. 

Cheat  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  by  several  forks 

near  the  south  border  of  Randolph  co.,  runs  northward,  in- 

ftersects  Tucker  and  Preston  cos.,  and  enters  the  Monon- 

1  gahela  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Fayette  co..  Pa. 

Length,  about  150  miles.     It  runs  through  a  hilly  country, 

'  in  which  bituminous  coal  is  found.     Its  branches  are  called 

'  the  Dry,  Glade,  and  Laurel  Forks.     The  upper  part  of  the 

main  stream  is  called  Shaver's  Fork. 

Cheb,  the  Bohemian  for  Eger. 

Chebanse,  she-banss',  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  in  Chebanse  township,  and  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Chicago, 
and  64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Champaign.  It  is  partly  in  Kan- 
kakee CO.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  616 ;  of  township  (which 
contains  Clifton),  2282. 

Chebeagne  (she-beeg')  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  an  island  in  Casco  Bay. 

Chebogue,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Central  Chebogub. 

Cheboksari,  Tscheboksary,  chi - bok - saR'§,  or 
Tcheboksar,  ohi-bok-saR',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kazan,  on  the  Volga.  It  is  built 
mostly  of  wood,  and  has  a  cathedral,  a  monastery,  a  town 
hall,  salt-magazines,  and  some  manufactures.     Pop.  3564. 

Cheboygan,  she-boy'gan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  815  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Huron,  and  is  intersected  by 
Cheboygmn  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  lakes 
and  forests.  The  soil  produces  oats,  grass,  &c.  Lum- 
ber is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Cheboygan.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2196;  in  1880,  6524;  in  1890,  11,986. 

Cheboygan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cheboygan  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cheboygan 
River,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  9  saw-,  5  shingle-, 
and  3  planing-mills,  3  machine-shops,  a  foundry,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  2269;  in  1890.  6235, 

Cheboygan  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Otsego  co., 
runs  northward  through  Cheboygan  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Huron  at  its  upper  end,  at  the  village  of  Cheboygan. 

Chebyn,  a  village  of  Egypt.     See  Shbybeen, 

Checa,  chi'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  77  miles  E,N.E.  of 
Guadalajara.     Pop.  1251. 

Chechen,  Tchetchen,  or  Tschetschen,  oh4- 
obin',  an  island  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  off  its  W.  coast,  near 
Gape  Agrakhan. 


Chechent8i,Tchetchentzi,  or  Tschetschentzi, 

chi,-ch6nt'8ee,  a  people  of  the  E.  part  of  Ciroassia,  whose 
country  lies  between  lat.  42°  30'  and  43°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  44° 
30'  and  46°  30'  E.,  having  N.  the  river  Terek,  E.  Daghe«- 
tan,  W.  Kabardah,  and  S.  the  Caucasus  chain,  dividing  it 
from  Georgia,  Cattle-rearing  is  the  chief  occupation.  The 
population  is  mostly  Mohammedan,  and  the  people  speak  a 
very  peculiar  language  and  number  about  120,000. 

Chechersk,  Tchetchersk,  or  Tschetschersk, 
chi-ch^Rsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  75  milee 
S.S.E.  of  Moheelev.     Pop.  3500. 

Che-Ching,  chiVhing',  several  towns  of  China,  prov- 
inces of  Ho-Nan,  Kiang-See,  and  Pe-Chee-Lee. 

Checiny,  kfit-see'nee,  a  town  of  Poland,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Kielce,  on  the  Czarna.  There  are  quarries  of  fine  marble 
in  its  vicinity.     Pop,  5194. 

Checo,  chi'ko,  a  village  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo, 
6  miles  E.  of  Copiapo,  with  copper-mines. 

Checo'tah,  a  station  in  the  Creek  country,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  136  miles 
N.N.E,  of  Denison. 

Chedabucto  (shed^a-buk'to)  Bay,  an  indentation  of 
the  N.E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  S.  entrance  to  the 
Gut  of  Canso.     It  is  much  frequented  by  fishermen. 

Ched'dar,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  in  Somer- 
setshire, 2  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Axbridge.  It  is  famed  for 
its  cheese.     Pop.  2200, 

Cheduba,  che-doo'bi,  an  island  of  India,  in  Aracan, 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat,  18°  52'  N,;  Ion.  93°  27'  E. 
Area,  250  square  miles.  The  soil  is  fertile,  producing  good 
crops  of  rice,  hemp,  cotton,  sugar,  and  tobacco,  and  its  cattle 
and  petroleum  are  esteemed.  The  island  was  taken  from 
the  Burmese  in  1824.    Pop.  10,000. 

Chee-Choo,  chee^choo',  or  Tchi-Tcheonfou, 
cheeVhi-oo^foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hoei, 
near  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  20  miles  N.E,  of  Ngan-King. 

Cheefood  (Tchifoud,  or  Tschifnd)  Kale,  chee- 
food'  hi-li',  a  town  of  the  Crimea,  2  miles  from  Bakhchee- 
Sarai,  on  a  limestone  height,  inhabited  by  Karaite  Jews. 

Cheekeeree,  a  river  of  Manchooria,     See  Chikiri, 

Cheek's  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 
Pop,  960. 

Cheektowa'ga,  or  Chictawau'ga,  a  post-township 
and  hamlet  of  Erie  co,,  N,Y.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  is 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  by  the 
Erie  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  force-pumps.     Pop.  2298, 

Cheera,  Tchira,  or  Tschira,  chee'ri,  a  city  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khoten.   Pop.  10,000. 

Chee^run',  or  Cherand,  chi'riind',  a  town  of  British 
India,  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  7  miles  E.  of  Chuprah. 

Cheeta,  Tchita,  or  Tschita,  chee'ta,  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  Transbaikalia.     Pop.  2728. 

Cheetapoor,  India,     See  Seetapoor. 

Chef-Boutonne,  shfif  booHonn',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Deux-S&vres,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1953, 

Chef  Menteur,  shfif  m5NoHur',  a  station  in  Orleans 
parish.  La,,  on  the  New  Orleans  <fc  Mobile  Railroad,  20 
miles  E.  by  N,  of  New  Orleans,  on  the  peninsula  between 
Lakes  Borgne,  Catharine,  and  Pontohartrain,  Near  the 
Chef  Menteur  inlet  stands  Fort  Macomb, 

Chefonte,  shee^foNt',  written  also  Chifuncte,  a  smalt 
river  of  Louisiana,  flows  S.  into  Lake  Pontohartrain. 

Che-Foo,  or  Tschifu,  chee-foo',  a  treaty-port  of 
China,  on  the  N,  coast  of  the  Shan-Toong  promontory. 
Lat.  37°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  22'  E.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a 
fine  climate,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  30,000. 

Chegog'gin,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  8  miles  from  Yarmouth,     Pop.  300, 

Cheha'lis,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  2104  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Cheha- 
lis  River,  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys, 
and  forests  in  which  the  fir,  spruce,  ash,  maple,  Ac,  &n 
found.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  potatoes, 
grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  enters 
Montesano,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  401:  in  1880,  921; 
in  1890,  9249, 

Chehalis,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co,,  Minn,,  8  miles 
direct  S.E,  of  Le  Sueur  Centre,  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill,  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chehalis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co,,  Wash- 
ington, is  50  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Kalama,  and  about  30  miles 
S.  of  Olympia.  It  has  5  ohurohes,  2  banks,  a  graded  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  saw-  and  shingle-mills,  &o.  Pop.  130ft. 
Goal  is  found  here. 


CHE 


862 


CHE 


Chehalis  Point,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Chehalis  oo.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Chehalis  River,  Washington,  drains  parts  of  Lewis 
and  Thurston  cos.,  and  runs  northwestward  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Satsop  River.  Below  this  point  it  runs  westward 
through  Chehalis  co.  and  enters  Gray's  Harbor.  It  is  about 
120  miles  long.  Its  valley  is  very  fertile,  and  varies  in 
width  from  15  to  50  miles.  Small  steamers  can  ascend  it 
45  miles  or  more  during  high  tide. 

Che^haw',  a  small  river  of  South  Carolina,  flowing  into 
St.  Helena  Sound. 

Chehaw,  a  station  in  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mont- 
gomery &  West  Point  Railroad,  39  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Mont- 
gomery, at  the  junction  of  the  Tusjcegee  Railroad. 

Chehl,  or  Chehel,  chfiH'l  ("forty"),  a  prefixed  name 
of  several  localities  in  Asia,  to  which  curious  Mohammedan 
legends  are  attached. 

Chehl-Bucha-Gum,chfiH'l-boo'ch4-goom("theforty 
lost  children"),  a  place  of  pilgrimage  in  Afghanistan,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Ghuznee. 

Chehl-Dochtur,  chSn'l-doK'toor^  ("  the  forty  vir- 
gins"), a  shrine  in  Afghanistan.  Lat.  35°  7'  N.  j  Ion.  62° 
9'  E. 

Chehl-Tan,  chdH'l-t&n,  or  Kohi-Chihulton,  ko'- 
hee-chee^hul-ton'  ("mountain  of  forty  bodies"),  a  lofty 
mountain  in  Beloochistan,  immsdiately  S.  of  Mustung. 
Lat.  29°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  56'  E. 

Chek-Choo  or  Cheag-Tchu,  chi'ig-choo,  a  village 
of  China,  in  Hong-Kong,  on  a  bay,  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
the  island.     Pop.  800,  employed  in  trade  and  farming. 

Che-Kiaug,  or  Tche-Kiang,  cha'ke-4ng',  a  mari- 
time province  of  China,  mostly  between  lat.  27°  and  31°  N. 
and  Ion.  117°  and  123°  E.,  having  E.  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Kiang-See,  Ngan-Hoei, 
and  Fo-Kien.  Area,  39,150  square  miles.  Surface  greatly 
diversified,  and  the  province  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Canal. 
Coasts  abrupt  and  greatly  indented.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
fertile  provinces  of  China.  Silk  is  the  principal  article  of 
export;  other  products  are  tea  in  the  S.,  and  cotton,  indigo, 
fruits,  camphor,  and  coal.  Its  manufactures  of  silks,  crape, 
gold  and  silver  stuffs,  and  paper,  are  in  high  repute  through- 
out the  empire,  and  large  quantities  of  fermented  liquors 
are  made.  Che-Kiang,  comprising  the  Chusan  Islands,  is 
divided  into  11  departments.  Chief  cities,  Hang-Chow- 
Foo,  Ning-Po,  Shao-Hing,  Wen-Chow,  and  Chapoo.  Pop. 
26,256,784. 

Cheksna,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Sheksna. 

Che^lau',  a  lake  of  Washington,  is  about  30  miles  long 
and  4  or  5  miles  wide.  The  48th  parallel  of  N.  lat.  passes 
nearly  through  its  middle.  An  outlet  about  5  miles  long 
issues  from  it  and  enters  the  Columbia  River. 

Chelebi-  (or  Tchelebi-)  Bazar,  chSl'?h-bee-bl- 
zar',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bosna-Serai. 

Cheiek,  chiMfik',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic 
of  Diarbekir,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Sert. 

Chelekhor  Lake,  a  lake  of  Alaska.     See  Iliamna. 

Cheliabiusk,  Tcheliabiusk,  or  TscheUabinsk, 
ohfil-yi-binsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg, 
70  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Troitsk.     Pop.  5187. 

Chelicoot,  Chelicout,  or  Chelicut,  chSre-koot',  a 
town  of  Abyssinia,  in  the  kingdom  of  Tigr6,  10  miles  E.  of 
Antalo. 

Chelidonise,  the  ancient  name  of  Khelidonia. 

Chelif,  a  river  of  Algeria.     See  Shelliff. 

Cheligoff,  or  Cheligov.    See  Shelikoff. 

Chelin'dreh,  a  seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Selef  keh. 

Chelles,  shill  (anc.  Cel'lx),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
et-Marne,  near  the  Marne,  10  miles  E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  1914. 
It  had  formerly  one  of  the  most  celebrated  abbeys  in  France, 
founded  by  the  queen  of  Clovis. 

ChelUumbrum',  or  ChulUumbrum',  a  town  of 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  103  miles  S.E.  of  Arcot,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Coleroon  River.     Pop.  10,000. 

Chelm,  Kdlm,  called  also  Kholm  and  Great  Chelm, 
a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lublin.  Pop. 
4874.  It  has  a  fine  convent,  a  Catholic  college,  a  gymna- 
sium, and  a  Greek  seminary.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic 
bishop  of  the  Ruthenian  rite. 

Chel'mer,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  rises  near 
Thaxted,  and  flows  S.E.  by  Dunmow  and  Chelmsford  to 
Maldon,  where  it  joins  the  Blackwater. 

Chelmsford,  chSmz'fprd,  a  town  of  England,  capital 
of  the  county  of  Essex,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Chelmer 
and  Cann  Rivers,  crossed  here  by  several  fine  bridges,  29 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  London.  The  town  is  well  built 
and  lighted;  many  of  its  houses  have  gardens.     Principal 


buildings,  the  parish  church,  a  stately  fabric  in  the  deco> 
rated  style,  the  grammar-school,  founded  by  Edward  IV^ 
a  handsome  county  hall,  elegant  assembly-rooms  and  com 
exchange,  county  jail  and  house  of  correction,  theatre,  and 
public  library.  The  town  is  the  seat  of  assizes  and  local 
courts.  It  has  no  manufactures,  but  its  retail  trade  and 
grain-markets  are  extensive.     Pop.  in  1891,  11,008. 

Chelms'ford,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
about  24  miles  N.VY.  of  Boston,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Merrimac  River.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  and  contains  villages  named  Chelmsford,  North 
Chelmsford,  South  Chelmsford,  Centre  Chelmsford,  East 
Chelmsford,  and  West  Chelmsford.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
iron-foundry,  2  high  schools,  and  manufactures  of  ma 
chinery,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2695. 

Chelmsford,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
3i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lowell.     It  has  several  churches. 

Cheloua,  ke-lo'ni,  a  mountain  on  the  N.  frontier  of 
Greece,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Arta,  on  the  E.  of  the  Gulf  of 
Arta,  6312  feet  in  elevation,  and  named  from  a  supposed 
resemblance  to  a  tortoise. 

Chelsea,  chSl'see,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  a  populous  S.W.  suburb  of  London,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  bridges,  4^  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Paul's.  It  has  many  handsome  thoroughfares  and  ter- 
races; among  the  former  are  Sloane  street,  the  King's  Roiid, 
and  the  line  of  old  mansions  along  the  river,  termed  Cheyne 
Walk.  Its  principal  edifice  is  the  noble  Hospital  for  Su- 
perannuated Soldiers,  founded  in  the  time  of  Charles  II., 
and  completed  by  Sir  Christopher  Wren  in  1692.  Near  it 
is  ihe  Military  School,  founded  by  the  Duke  of  York  in 
1801,  and  in  which  children  of  soldiers  are  maintained  and 
educated.  It  has  a  parish  church,  a  most  elegant  modern 
edifice,  in  the  decorated  Gothic  style ;  an  old  church,  with 
monuments  to  Sir  Thomas  More  and  to  Sir  Hans  Sloane;  a 
normal  school  of  the  Church  of  England,  water- works  for 
the  supply  of  London,  the  Cadogan  Chain  Pier,  and  several 
floor-cloth  factories.     Pop.  of  Chelsea  parish  (1891),  96,272. 

Chelsea,  chfil'see,  a  post-village  of  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, Indian  Territory,  19  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Vinita. 
It  has  a  church. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  half-bushels, 
a  hotel,  and  an  elevator.     Pop.  300. 

Chelsea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on  Walnut 
Creek,  and  in  Chelsea  township,  about  55  miles  S.W.  of 
Emporia.     Pop.  of  the  township,  287. 

Chelsea,  a  township  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Ken- 
nebec, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  United  States 
soldiers'  asylum  (National  Military  Home  Post-Ofiice)  at 
Togus  Springs,  and  manufactures  lumber,  brick,  <&c.  P.  1239. 

Chelsea,  a  city  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  northeastern 
suburb  of  Boston,  and  is  about  3  miles  from  the  state-house, 
on  the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  is  separated  from  Charlestown 
and  Boston  proper  by  the  estuary  of  Mystic  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Chelsea  Creek,  which  separates  it 
from  East  Boston.  A  long  bridge  across  Mystic  River  con- 
nects it  with  Charlestown,  and  steam-ferries  run  to  Boston. 
Here  is  a  United  States  marine  hospital.  Chelsea  has 
printing-ofiices  which  issue  a  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers, a  city  hall,  15  churches,  an  academy  of  music,  a 
masonic  hall,  2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  public 
library,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  stoves,  machinery, 
rubber  goods,  oil,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  21,782;  in  1890, 
27,909. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  17 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches, 
a  union  school,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  a  stove-factory,  a  foun- 
dry, a  pump-factory,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  sash, 
blinds,  <fcc.     Pop.  1356. 

Chelsea,  a  hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Staten 
Island  Sound,  in  Northfield  township,  6  miles  N.W.  o' 
Richmond  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Chelsea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Bethel 
township,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Chelsea  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White  River, 
about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Montpelier.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1526. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  244  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
22  miles  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Several 
small  lakes  and  forests  of  good  timber  occur  near  this  place. 

Chelsea,  a  post- village  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotimt 
12  miles  W.  of  Bridgewater.     Pop.  200. 


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Chelsea^  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Gatineau,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  saw-mills  and 
an  extensive  lumber-trade.     Pop.  400. 

Cheltenham,  ohdlt'nam,  a  town  of  England,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Gloucester,  and  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lon- 
don, on  the  Chelt,  a  tributary  of  the  Severn,  in  a  beautiful 
vale,  sheltered  from  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Cotswold  and  other 
hills.  It  has  a  noble  high  street,  numerous  elegant  terraces, 
squares,  and  villas,  interspersed  with  trees  and  gardens. 
The  saline  springs,  to  which  it  owes  its  increase,  are  fre- 
quented by  a  host  of  fashionable  visitors.  They  are  4  in 
number.  The  parish  church,  an  ancient  Gothic  structure, 
is  surrounded  by  fine  avenues;  and  here  are  4  or  5  hand- 
some subordinate  churches,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a 
synagogue,  a  grammar-school  founded  in  1574,  2  colleges, 
a  normal  school,  a  female  orphan  asylum,  a  general  hos- 
pital and  dispensary,  mechanics'  and  literary  and  philo- 
sophical institutions,  a  zoological  garden,  a  theatre,  assem- 
bly- and  concert-rooms,  and  a  market-house.    Pop.  44,519. 

Cheltenham,  chel't^n-am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince 
George's  oo.,  Md.,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac 
~  Iroad  (Pope's  Creek  line),  48  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It 
a  church.     Here  is  a  reform  schoorfor  colored  children. 

Cheltenham,  a  former  post- village  of  St.  Louis  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis  Court-House.  It  has  been  annexed  to  St.  Louis. 
Here  are  2  churches,  a  county  asylum  for  the  insane,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  crucibles,  fire-bricks,  retorts,  &c. 
ire-clay  abounds  here. 

Cheltenham,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
Taoony  Creek,  in  Cheltenham  township,  8  miles  N.  of 
ihiladelphia.     The  township  contains  villages  named  Ash- 

urne  and  Shoemakertown,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North 
lennsylvania  Railroad.  It  has  an  iron-furnace  or  forge,  and 
or  3  manufactories  of  spades  and  hammers.     The  surface  is 

dulating,  and  diversified  by  hills  which  are  beautiful  sites 
for  residences  and  on  which  many  fine  villas  have  been 
erected.  Pop.  2462.  Cheltenham  Station  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Newtown  &  New  York  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, is  on  the  border  of  this  township,  in  Philadelphia 
Here  is  Oxford  Church  Post-Office. 

Cheltenham,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
ver  Credit,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
and  flouring-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Chelten  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 

the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Phila- 

ilphia. 

Chelva,  chfil'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.W.  of 
alencia.     Pop.  4400. 

Chelyuskin  (chfil-yus'kin)  Peninsula,  the  extreme 
of  the  mainland  of  Siberia,  is  about  60  miles  wide,  and 
extends  upwards  of  100  miles  into  the  Arctic  Ocean.  At 
"  e  extremepoint  is  Cape  Chelyuskin,  orSevero-Vostochnoi. 

Chem,  Tchem,  chfim,  or  Tchem-Pira,  chSm  pee'- 

I,  a  river  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  rises  near  the  centre  of 

unchooria,  flows  N.N.E.,  then  W.,  and  joins  the  Amoor 

'ter  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Chemainus,  she-mi'nus,  a  seaport  of  Vancouver 
Island,  British  Columbia,  56  miles  N.  of  Victoria. 

Chembar,  Tchembar,  or  Tschembar,  ch5m-baR', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  66  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Penza.     Pop.  3948. 

Chemille,  sh^h-meeV^'j  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  19  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Angers.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linen,  and  an  active  trade  in  cattle.    Pop.  3073. 

Chemistry,  kem'is-tree,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
i  mile  E.  of  Waltham. 

Chemmis,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Akhmym. 

Chemnitz,  Kfim'nits,atown  of  Saxony,  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Zwickau,  on  the  Chemnitz,  an  afBuent  of  the  Mulde,  at 
a  railway  junction.  It  is  the  principal  seat  of  cotton-weaving 
in  the  kingdom,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  hosiery, 
woollens,  linens,  and  machinery,  with  bleaching-  and  dye- 
ing-works, and  tanneries.  It  was  for  400  years  a  free  im- 
perial city,  and  displays  in  its  buildings  marks  of  its  an- 
tiquity. Pop.  in  1890,  138,954.  Alt  Chemnitz,  ilt  Kim'- 
nits  ("Old  Chemnitz"),  is  a  village  immediately  S.  Pop. 
1953.  ScHLOss  (shlSss)  Chemnitz  ("Castle  Chemnitz")  is 
a  northern  suburb.     Pop.  1015. 

Chemung,  she-mung',  a  county  of  New  York,  border- 
ing on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  436  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chemung  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Cayuta,  Newtown,  and  Wynkoop's  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  diversified  by  broad,  high  hills,  and  valleys  which  are 
deep  and  narrow,  except  Chemung  Valley,  which  is  broad 
and  deep.     "  The  topography  of  this  county,"  says  James 


ex 

i 


Hall,  the  geologist,  "  is  very  simple.     The  Chemung  River 

E asses  through  its  southwestern  part,  and  opens  a  broad  and 
eautiful  valley,  bounded  by  a  range  of  hills  which  are  only 
broken  by  the  lateral  streams  flowing  to  the  river."  He 
adds,  "  The  Chemung  Valley,  extending  from  the  head  of 
Seneca  Lake  to  the  Chemung  River,  is  the  most  prominent 
feature  in  the  county."  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat  are  the  sta])le 
products.  Devonian  sandstone  of  the  Chemung  group  un- 
derlies the  surface.  This  county  has  plenty  of  timber.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Central,  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western, 
the  Lehigh  Valley,  and  the  Elmira,  Cortland  &  Northern 
Railroads,  and  the  Chemung  Canal.  Capital,  Elmira.  Pop. 
in  1870,  35,281;  in  1880,  43,065;  in  1890,  48,265. 

Chemung,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  oo..  111.,  in  Che- 
mung and  Dunham  townships,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill.  Chemung  township  contains  the 
village  of  Harvard  and  a  cheese-factory.     Total  pop.  2222. 

Chemung,  a  post-village  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Chemung  River,  and 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  an  academy,  about  60  houses, 
and  2  grist-  mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2002. 

Chemung  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 

Chemung  Junction,  a  station  4i  miles  N.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad. 

Chemung  River  is  formed  by  the  Tioga  and  Conhooton 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  2  miles 
above  Corning.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward,  intersects 
Chemung  co.,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  S.  of  Athens.  Elmira 
is  the  largest  town  on  this  river,  which  is  about  50  miles 
long  and  irrigates  a  broad  and  beautiful  valley  bounded  by 
high  and  verdant  hills. 

Chemungville,  Michigan.    See  Oak  Grove. 

Chenango,  she-nang'go,  a  county  of  New  York,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  864  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Unadilla  River,  is  intersected 
by  the  Chenango  and  Susquehanna  Rivers,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Genegantslet  and  Otselio  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
finely  diversified  by  high  ranges  of  hills  with  broad  sur- 
faces, and  with  deep  valleys  more  or  less  level.  It  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  white  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  milk, 
Indian  corn,  and  hops  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian 
limestone  and  sandstones  of  the  Chemung  and  Catskill 
groups  crop  out  here  and  supply  good  materials  for  building. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Ontario  A 
Western  Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Chenango  Canal,  which  pass  through 
Norwich,  the  capital.  The  railroad  of  the  Delaware  &  Hud- 
son Canal  Company  crosses  the  S.E.  portion  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  40,564;  in  1880,  39,891;  in  1890,  37,776. 

Chenango,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1630. 
See  Chenango  Forks. 

Chenango,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa. 

Chenango,  a  post- village  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Columbia  division  of  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Houston. 

Chenango  Bridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  Syracuse, 
Binghamton  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Chenango  Forks,  a  post- village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  Chenango  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tioghnioga, 
and  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  and  Utica, 
Chenango  &  Susquehanna  Railroads,  11  m^Ies  N.  by  E. 
from  Binghamton.  A  small  part  of  this  village  is  in  Che- 
nango CO.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  800. 

Chenango  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  bound- 
ary between  Madison  and  Oneida  cos.  It  runs  southward 
through  Madison,  and  intersects  Chenango  co.  Below  Nor- 
wich it  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  at  Binghamton.  It  is  about  100  miles  long,  and  flows 
through  a  deep  valley.  The  Chenango  Canal  follows  the 
windings  of  this  river  from  its  source  to  its  mouth,  and 
connects  Utica  with  Binghamton. 

Che^naub',  Chenab,  or  Chinab,  chee'nib'  (ano. 
Acea'ines),  the  central  river  of  the  Punjab,  between  the 
Jhylum  (anc.  Hydaa'pes)  N.W.  and  the  Ravee  (ano.  Hy- 
drao'tes)  S.E.,  both  of  which  rivers  are  its  affluents.  It 
joins  the  Sutlej  (anc.  Hyph'aais)  near  Ooch,  in  lat.  29"  21* 


CHE 


864 


CHE 


^ 


Jf.,  Ion.  71°  6'  E.,  after  a  generally  S.W.  course,  estimated 
at  700  miles,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  which  it  is  from  i  to 
If  miles  across  and  sometimes  14  feet  in  depth.  The 
united  stream  is  then  called  Punjab  (five  rivers).  The 
towns  Tandee,  Kishtawar,  Jhung,  Mooltan,  and  Shooju- 
abad  are  on  its  banks,  and  it  is  navigable  for  rafts  from 
the  Sutlej  to  Agnur,  about  300  miles  from  its  source. 

Chendaree,  a  district  of  India.    See  Chanderee. 

Chendi,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Shendy. 

Chgne,  shain,  or  Chgne-Thonex,  shain-to^nflx',  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  2  miles  E.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1699. 

Ch^n^e,  shi'ni',  a  village  of  Belgium,  8  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Liege,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ourthe  and  Vesdre, 
which  a  little  below  forms  a  cascade.  It  has  iron-  and 
zinc-works.     Pop.  3300. 

ChenerailleS)  8hi*n§h-rii',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Creuse,  10  miles  N.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1099. 

Che'ney,  a  post- village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  about 
24  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Wichita. 

Cheney,  Michigan,  a  station  at  Pere  Cheney. 

Cheney,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cheneyville,  chi'ne-vil,  a  post- village  of  Rapides 
parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  Boeuf,  about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Opelousas.     It  has  3  churches. 

Cheng- Te,  or  Tcheng-Te,  chSng^ti',  an  island  oflF 
the  S.  extremity  of  Corea,  45  miles  W.  of  the  island  of 
Tsoosima  (Tsusima). 

Chengwatona,  township,  Pine  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  101. 

Chenin'go,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y. 

Chenoa,  she-no'ah,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  III., 
In  Chenoa  township,  at  the  point  where  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Kailroad  crosses  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  56  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It 
has  2  banks,  5  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  1000;  pop.  of  the  township,  2351. 

Chenonceaux,  sheh-n6N>»*so',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Cher,  near  B16r6.  It  has  a  fine  old 
•astle,  and  silk-culture  receives  much  attention. 

Chen- Si,  a  province  of  China.    See  Shen-See. 

Cheo'ah,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1427. 

Che^ohee',  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  13  miles 
N.  of  Walhalla. 

Cheoo,  Tcheou,  chfl-oo',  written  also  Tchoo, 
Choo,  or  Tchou  and  Chow,  a  Chinese  word,  signify- 
ing properly  a  "town  of  the  second  class,"  but  very  fre- 
quently joined  with  Foo  (a  "  city  of  the  first  class")  in  the 
same  name;  as  in  Hang-Chow-Foo. 

Che^o-Po',  a  seaport  town  of  China,  province  of  Fo- 
Kien,  S.W.  of  Amoy,  and  opposite  the  island  of  Formosa. 

Cheou-Yang-Chan,  China.   See  Sheoo- Yang-Shan. 

Chepachet,  che-pach'§t,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  from  Cedarville  Station. 

Chepachet,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Glocester  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence- 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  519. 

Chepillo,  chi-peel'yo,  an  island  in  the  bay  and  off  the 
S.  coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Lat.  8°  57'  N. ;  Ion. 
79°  9'  W. 

Chepo,  chi'po,  a  river  and  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, in  the  state  of  Panama,  and  in  the  narrowest  part  of 
the  isthmus.  The  river  enters  the  Pacific  18  miles  E.  of 
Panama;  and  a  little  above,  where  it  is  navigable,  is  the 
town,  an  entrep6t  for  traffic  with  the  Indians. 

Chepstow,  chSp'sto,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth, on  the  Wye,  near  its  junction  with  the  Severn,  14^ 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Newport.  The  town  is  built  on  a 
slope  between  bold  cliffs,  with  a  handsome  iron  bridge  over 
the  Wye.  It  has  a  church,  formerly  a  convent,  founded  in 
the  reign  of  King  Stephen,  two  ancient  and  well-endowed 
hospitals  for  the  poor,  a  workhouse,  a  small  theatre,  and 
on  a  cliff  overhanging  the  river  are  the  picturesque  remains 
of  a  castle.  Ship-building  is  carried  on ;  and  Chepstow  ex- 
ports corn,  cider,  bark,  iron,  coal,  and  mill-stones.  The 
tide  here  sometimes  rises  50  and  even  70  feet,  and  flows 
with  great  rapidity.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  beautiful  ruins 
of  Tintern  Abbey.     Pop.  3347. 

Chep'stOAV,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 

ChepstoAV,  or  Cheapstow,  a  post-village  in  Bruce 
CO.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Cheptsa,  or  Tscheptza,  chSpt'si,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Viatka,  joins  the  river  Viatka  near  the  city 
of  the  same  name,  after  a  W.  course  of  250  miles. 

Chepultepec,  Blount  co.,  Ala.    See  Chapultepec. 

Che^quest',  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa  Pop. 
996.     It  contains  Lebanon. 


Che^qnest'  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Davis  co.,  rung 
southeastward  into  Van  Buren  co.,  and  enters  the  Des 
Moines  River  about  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Keosauqua. 

Cher,  shaiR,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Creuse,  flows  generally  northwestward,  through  the  de- 
partments of  Allier,  Cher,  Loir-et-Cher,  and  Indre-et-Loire, 
and  joins  the  Loire  12  miles  below  Tours.  Length,  about 
220  miles.  The  principal  affluents  are  the  Tardes,  Arnon, 
Evre,  and  Saudre.  Th*  towns  of  Montlufon,  Saint- Amand, 
Vierzon,  and  B16r6  are  on  its  banks. 

Cher,  a  central  department  of  France,  situated  between 
the  departments  of  Allier,  NiSvre,  Loiret,  Loir-et-Cher,  and 
Indre,  and  between  lat.  46°  25'  and  47°  39'  N.  and  Ion,  1° 
55'  and  3°  10'  E.  Area,  2747  square  miles.  The  climate 
is  temperate.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and  generally 
wooded.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Cher  and  Loire,  along 
both  of  which  is  much  fertile  land.  Corn  and  wine  are 
largely  produced ;  sheep  are  numerous,  and  trade  is  mostly 
in  rural  produce.  It  has  mines  of  iron  and  coal  and  quarries 
of  marble.  The  chief  manufactures  are  woollen  goods,  cut- 
lery, and  porcelain.  Capital,  Bourges.  Cher  is  divided  into 
3  arrondissements, — Bourges,  Saint-Amand,  and  Sancerre. 
Pop.  in  1881,  351,405;  in  1891,  359,276. 

Chera'na  River,  Washington,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Palouse  River  about  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Cherasco,  ki-ris'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on 
the  Tanaro,  near  the  influx  of  the  Stura,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Turin.  Its  exact  quadrangular  form  indicates  that  it  occupies 
the  site  of  a  Roman  town ;  it  is  enclosed  with  walls,  and  at 
the  end  of  each  principal  street  is  a  fine  modern  arch.  It 
is  supplied  with  water  by  a  canal,  which  also  turns  several 
silk-mills,  and  it  has  a  trade  in  wine  and  silk.     Pop.  8866. 

Ch6ratte,  shi^ritt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2550. 

Che'raw,  a  post-village  and  railroad  junction  of 
Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Pedee 
River,  near  the  head  of  steam  navigation,  about  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Chesterfield  Court-House.  It  is  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Cheraw  &  Darlington  Railroad.  It  has 
private  and  graded  schools,  a  bank,  machine-wcirks,  7 
churches,  and  a  weekly  newspaper  office.     Pop.  976. 

Cherbourg,  sh^R'biirg  (Fr.  pron.  shaiR^booR' ;  L.  Caro- 
bur'gua  ;  anc.  Coriallumf),  a  fortified  seaport  town  and  im- 
portant naval  station  of  France,  department  of  Manche,  on 
the  English  Channel,  at  the  N.  end  of  the  peninsula  of 
Cotentin,  about  85  miles  W.  of  Havre.  It  is  connected  by 
rail  with  the  principal  towns  of  France.  Lat.  49°  40'  N.; 
Ion.  1°  35'  W.  Pop.  in  1891,  38,554.  Its  climate  is  mild. 
The  houses  are  of  stone,  and  slated ;  the  principal  buildings 
are  the  military  and  naval  arsenals  and  hospitals,  a  curious 
church,  the  town  hall,  theatre,  and  barracks.  The  commer- 
cial and  naval  ports  are  quite  distinct  from  each  other.  The 
commercial  ports  consist  of  a  harbor  and  a  basin,  1338  feet 
long  and  416  feet  wide.  The  basin  communicates  with  the 
harbor  by  dock-gates,  which  prevent  the  reflux  of  the  water. 
The  channel  from  the  harbor  to  the  sea  is  1968  feet  long 
and  164  feet  wide,  lined  by  a  granite  quay  with  parapets. 
In  this  channel  there  is  always  19i  feet  of  water.  The 
Port  Militaire  and  Arsenal  de  la  Marine  consist  of  a  port 
984  feet  long  and  754  feet  wide,  capable  of  containing  60 
large  ships  of  war,  and  accessible  at  all  times  of  tide  for 
vessels  of  the  largest  class ;  a  floating  basin,  closed  by  lock- 
gates;  and  a  third  basin.  These  basins  have  been  exca- 
vated from  the  solid  slate  rock  which  forms  the  foundation 
of  the  entire  yard,  the  two  former  to  the  depth  of  56  feet. 
There  are  4  slips  for  vessels  of  the  largest  size,  the  roofs  of 
which,  85  feet  high,  rest  on  arches  supported  by  piers  of 
granite  and  slate.     Adjoining  these  slips  is  a  dry-dock. 

The  great  work,  however,  for  which  Cherbourg  is  cele- 
brated is  the  digue,  or  breakwater,  stietehing  across  the 
roadstead,  which,  though  protected  on  three  sides  by  the 
land,  was  open  to  the  heavy  seas  from  the  N.  The  digue 
was  commenced  under  Louis  XVI.,  continued  by  Napoleon 
I.,  and  finished  in  1858.  It  is  2i  miles  from  the  harbor,  in 
water  varying  from  42  to  62  feet  deep.  Its  proportions  are — 
length,  4120  yards;  breadth  at  base,  262  feet;  at  top,  102 
feet.  The  foundation  was  laid  by  sinking  large  caissons  of 
timbers,  loaded  with  stones;  but  this  plan  did  not  succeed, 
and  another  scheme  was  resorted  to,  of  forming  a  bank  of 
small  stones  and  covering  them  with  solid  blocks.  This 
was  continued  to  the  time  of  Napoleon,  who  directed  the 
formation  of  a  fort  on  the  centre  of  the  digue.  The  passage 
or  entrance  E.  of  the  digue  is  3280  feet  wide,  and  that  to 
the  W.  9b73  feet.  A  fort  and  light-house  occupy  the  cen- 
tre of  the  digue,  and  there  are  also  light-houses  at  each  en- 
trance to  the  roadstead,  and  one  at  the  entrance  to  the 


CHE 


8C5 


CHE 


eommercial  port.  The  defences  consist  of  the  batteries  of 
Fort  National,  of  100  guns,  on  the  Isle  of  Pel6e,  and  many 
other  forts,  which  render  Cherbourg,  if  not  impregnable 
from  the  sea,  at  least  very  difficult  of  attack.  On  the  land 
side  fortifications  hare  been  constructed. 

Cherbourg  is  the  seat  of  a  tribunal  of  first  resort,  a  mari- 
time tribunal,  and  a  prefecture.  It  has  a  school  of  navi- 
gation, communal  college,  public  library,  marine  library, 
theatre,  museum,  and  cabinet  of  natural  history.  Its  prin- 
cipal industry  is  centred  in  the  works  of  the  dock-yard. 
There  are,  however,  chemical  works,  sugar-  and  salt-re- 
fineries, dye-works,  tanneries,  stocking-manufactories,  and 
a  lace-factory  employing  350  females. 

Cherbourg  occupies  the  site  of  a  Roman  station.  William 
the  Conqueror  founded  a  hospital  in  it,  and  built  the  Castle 
Church.  The  castle,  in  which  Henry  II.  frequently  resided, 
was  one  of  the  strongholds  of  Normandy,  and  escaped  the 
fate  of  the  town,  which,  about  1205,  was  pillaged  by  an 
English  fleet  from  Yarmouth ;  but  it  afterwards  sustained 
three  memorable  sieges, — in  1378,  1418,  and  1460. 

Cherchellf  or  Shershell^  shSr^shSl'  (anc.  Csesarea), 
S  seaport  town  of  Algeria,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Algiers.  The 
walls  of  the  ancient  city,  with  remains  of  an  amphitheatre 
and  other  buildings,  are  still  traceable.  The  port  is  shal- 
low, and  exposed  to  north  winds,  though  protected  by  a 
rocky  island.     Pop.  3074. 

Cherchemba,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Charshdmba. 

Cherdyn,  Tcherdyn,  or  Tscherdyn,  chSn-din',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  162  miles  N.  of  Perm,  on 
the  Kolva,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Vishera.    Pop.  3126. 

Cheremshim,  or  Tcheremshim,  ch^-rSm-shim',  a 
river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Orenboorg,  flows 
N.W.  into  the  government  of  Simbeersk,  and  joins   the 

Wolga,  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles. 
ICherepovetz,  Tcherepovetz,  or  Tscherepo- 
Btz,  ch4R-d,-po-v5ts',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
zoO  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  the  Sheksna.  Pop.  1000. 
Cher'hill,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  AVilts,  2^  miles 
E.  of  Calne.  Near  the  village  is  a  chalk  hill,  the  highest 
ground  between  London  and  Bath;  on  the  summit  is  a 
Danish  camp,  and  in  the  turf  is  out  the  colossal  figure  of  a 
horse,  visible  25  miles  distant. 

Cheribon,or  Sheribon,  sh5r'e-bon\  a  town  of  Java, 
on  its  N.  coast,  125  miles  E.S.E.  of  Batavia.  Pop.  11,000. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  Dutch  governor,  and  has  a  fort,  and 
a  church  founded  in  1841,  with  a  trade  in  cofi"ee,  indigo, 
teak,  &c.     Pop.  of  residency,  929,790. 

CherikoV)  Tcherikov,  or  Tscherikov,  ch5R-e- 
kov',  written  also  Tchirikov,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Smolensk,  on  the  Sozh. 
MKCherino,  Nacogdoches  co.,  Tex.     See  Chireno. 
H^^Cherkasee,  Tcherkasi,  or  Tscherkassy,  chgn- 
H^B'see,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  95  miles  S.E.  of 
H^Bev,  oji  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  14,433. 
I V  Cherkask,  or  Staroi  Tscherkask,  st&-roi'  chSn- 
r    kisk'  (i.e.,  "Old  Cherkask"),  a  town  of  B.ussia,  in  the  Don 
Cossack  country,  N.  of  the  Don,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  an 
island  formed  between  it  and  the  Aksai,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Azof.     It  has  a  church  founded  by  Peter  the  Great.     Its 
Tartar  church,  old  chancery,  academy,  town  hall,  prisons, 
Ac,  are  constructed  of  timber.     The  population  is  mostly 
of  Greek  descent,  but  its  streets  present  a  curious  intermix- 
ture of  nations.     It  maintains  an  export  trade  in  fish,  iron, 
caviare,  and  wine.     Pop.  5939. 
_»^Cherkask,  Nowo  or  Novo.    See  Novo-Chebkask. 
l^rCherkesh,  Tcherkesh,  or  Tscherkesch,  chfiR'- 
■Hkh',  written  also  Tchirkis,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
■■natolia,  60  miles  E.  of  Boli.     Pop.  3000. 
l^vCherkessia,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Circassia. 
P       Cherkin,  or  Tcherkin,  ch^R^kin',  a  town  of  Abys- 
I       sinia,  state  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gondar.     It  has  large 
markets  for  cattle. 

Chern,  Tchern,  or  Tschern,  chfiRn,  a  town  of  Rus- 

ria,  government  and  61  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toola.     Pop.  3717. 

Chernavoda,Tchernavoda,orTschernawoda, 

ohfin-ni-vo'di,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Danube,  39  miles 

by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Kustendji. 

Cheruaya,  Tchernaya,  or  Tschernaya,  chSii- 
ni'i,  a  small  stream  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  flowing  N.W. 
into  the  head  of  the  bay  on  which  Sevastopol  is  situated. 

Chernetz,  Tchernetz,  or  Tschernetz,  chfiR-nets', 
a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Danube,  nearly  opposite  Gla- 
dova.  Here  was  anciently  the  Roman  station  Terinea  (?), 
and  near  it  are  the  remains  of  Trajan's  bridge. 
Chernianka,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Novo  Evanovka. 
Chernigov,  Tchernigof,  Tschernigow,  or 
Czernigow,  chfiR-ne-gov',  a  government  of  Russia,  in 


"  Little  Russia,"  between  lat.  50°  20'  and  53°  10'  N.  and 
Ion.  30°  20'  and  34°  40'  E.,  having  W.  the  Dnieper,  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  governments  of  Minsk  and  Kiev  (Rus- 
sian Poland),  and  on  other  sides  the  governments  of  Mo- 
heelev,  Orlof,  Koorsk,  and  Poltava.  Area,  20,232  square 
miles.  Pop.  1,659,600.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and 
well  watered.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  climate  dry, 
healthy,  and  comparatively  mild.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Desna,  with  its  alBuents,  the  Ipoot,  Seim,  Snov,  and 
Oster,  all  of  which  have  a  W.  or  S.W.  direction.  The  chief 
crops  are  rye,  barley,  and  oats,  with  large  quantities  of 
flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  and  hops.  Cattle,  horses,  sheep,  and 
hogs  are  numerously  reared.  Distilling  and  weaving  are 
somewhat  important.  The  principal  exports  are  cattle,  tal- 
low, corn,  hides,  spirits,  honey,  wax,  potash,  and  hemp- 
seed.  The  government  is  divided  into  15  «ircles.  The 
principal  towns  are  Chernigov,  Nezheen,  Glookhov,  Staro- 
doob,  Mgleen,  and  Novgorod-Severskoie. 

Chernigov,  Tchernigof,  Tschernigow,  or 
Czernigow,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  gov- 
ernment, is  situated  on  the  Desna,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kiev. 
Lat.  51°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  31°  18'  E.  It  is  the  see  of  an  arch- 
bishop, and  has  a  cathedral,  built  in  1024,  a  strong  citadel, 
an  episcopal  palace,  several  monasteries,  an  orphan  asylum, 
and  a  college.  It  is  the  seat  of  military  and  civil  gov- 
ernors. After  an  obstinate  resistance,  it  was  taken  and 
almost  razed  by  the  Tartars  in  1239.  The  Poles  captured 
it  in  1617.     Pop.  17,096. 

Chernomorsk,  Tschernomorsk,  chfin-no-moRsk', 
or  Chernomo'ria  {i.e.,  "Black  Sea"),  a  government  or 
military  district  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  consisting  of  a 
long,  narrow  strip  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  Black  Sea, 
bounded  landward  by  the  crest  of  the  Caucasus.     It  is  a 

?art  of  what  was  once  Circassia.  Area,  2741  square  miles. 
■op.  15,703. 

Chernovitz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Czernowitz. 

Chernoyarsk,  Tchernoiarsk,  Tschernojarsk, 
ch^R-no-yaRsk',  or  Chernojar,  chSR-no-yaR',  a  fortified 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  As- 
trakhan, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  4917. 

Cher^okee',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  586  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills 
and  ridges,  and  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  cotton,  grass,  and  wheat  are  the  stapl« 
products.  Two  branches  of  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 
&  Georgia  Railroad  traverse  the  county,  one  north  of  the 
Coosa  River,  the  other  its  S.E.  part.  Capital,  Centre.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,132;  in  1880,  19,108;  in  1890,  20,459. 

Cherokee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia. 
Area,  409  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Etowah 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  gold,  iron,  and 
statuary  marble.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Marietta  A  North 
Georgia  and  Knoxville  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Can- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870,  10,399;  in  1880,  14,325;  in  1890, 15,412. 

Cherokee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Little  Sioux 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Maple  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Cherokee.  Pop.  in  1870,  1967;  in  1880,  8240;  in  1890, 
15,659. 

Cherokee,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Neosho  and  Spring  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  About  90  per  cent,  of 
the  county  is  prairie;  most  of  the  remainder  is  covered  with 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  walnut,  oak,  and  other  trees  which  grow 
along  the  streams.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Missouri  Pacific,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis, 
and  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroads.  It  has  a 
bed  of  good  coal,  about  6  feet  thick,  near  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  Capital,  Columbus.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,038;  in 
1880,  21,905;  in  1890,  27,770. 

Cherokee,  a  county  forming  the  W.  extremity  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Hiawassee  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Unaka  or  Smoky  Mountain.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous,  and  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  oats.     It  is 


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traversed  in  the  S.  by  the  Marietta  &  North  Georgia  Rail- 
road which  has  a  terminus  at  Murphy  the  capital,  and  in 
the  N.  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8080 ;  in  1880,  8182 ;  in  1890,  9976. 

Cherokee^  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Te-xas.  Area, 
1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Neches 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Angelina  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  forests  of  oak, 
pine,  <fcc. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Rusk. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,079;  in  1880,  16,723;  in  1890,  22,975. 

Cherokee*  a  post-village  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corinth, 
and  about  17  miles  W.  of  Florence.     It  has  4  churches. 

Cherokee,  a  station  on  the  line  of  Arkansas  and  the 
Indian  Territory,  and  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite 
Tort  Smith.  Here  the  Little  Rook  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad 
terminates.    Cherokee  is  168  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  Feather  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Oroville.  It 
has  2  churches.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Cherokee,  Nevada  co.,  Cal.     See  Pattebson. 

Cherokee,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa, 
is  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  69  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sioux  City,  and  76  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  a 
high  school,  3  hotels,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  elevators,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and 
tile,  sash,  doors,  and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  3441. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  37 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Fort  Scott.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hay-presses,  wagons,  <fcc.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1087. 

Cherokee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Willard  Station.     Coal  and  iron  abound  here. 

Cherokee,  a  small  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  i  mile 
from  Huntsville  Railroad  Station. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of  Spar- 
tanburg CO.,  S.C,  8  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  Ac. 

Cherokee,  a  township  of  York  oo.,  S.C.    Pop.  1895. 

Cherokee,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex.,  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  2  mills. 

Cherokee  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ark., 
about  70  miles  N.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Cher^okee'  In'dians,  a  once  powerful  tribe,  who 
formerly  possessed  the  southern  portion  of  the  Appalachian 
Mountains  and  a  large  tract  of  country  on  both  sides  of 
this  range.  In  1809  their  number  amounted  to  12,359 ;  but 
it  had  afterwards  considerably  diminished,  when  at  length, 
in  1838,  all  the  Cherokees  who  were  in  Georgia,  consti- 
tuting a  large  majority  of  those  belonging  to  the  tribe, 
were  removed  to  the  W.  of  the  Mississippi  by  order  of  the 
United  States  government.  The  Cherokees  have  been  con- 
sidered the  most  civilized  of  all  the  American  Indians. 
They  have  a  written  language;  the  alphabet,  which  was 
invented  by  a  nativg_Cberokee,  consists  of  85  characters. 
Previous  to  their  expulsion  from  Georgia,  some  of  them  are 
said  to  have  become  excellent  and  thriving  farmers,  so  as 
to  bear  an  advantageous  comparison  with  the  most  skilful 
and  industrious  of  this  class  in  the  Southwestern  states. 
They  now  occupy  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  Indian  Territory. 
Area  of  reservation,  3,844,712  acres.  They  have  a  consti- 
tutional government.  Capital,  Tahlequah.  Pop.  19,000. 
There  are  also  a  few  Cherokees  in  North  Carolina. 

Cherokee  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Acworth.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cherokee  Town,  a  hamlet  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  on  the  Washita  River,  80  miles  N.W.  of 
Caddo.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  bridge  over  the  River. 

Cheronea,  a  city  of  Greece.    See  Ch^bonea. 

CherVapooiuee',  a  village  of  India,  in  the  Cossyah 
Hills,  135  miles  N.E.  of  Dacca,  4500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cher'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  South  Dakota.  Area,  5668  square  miles.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Niobrara,  Snake,  and  North  Loup  Rivers, 
and  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  <fc  Missouri  Valley 
Railroad.     Capital,  Valentine.     Pop  in  1890,  6428. 

Cherry,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1433. 

Cherry,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1710. 
It  contains  Dushore,  Cherry  Mills,  and  Bernice. 

Cherry  Box,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Shelbyville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  2  general  stores,  a  blacksmith's-shop,  &c. 


Cherry  Brook,  a  sUtion  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
ConHecticut  Western  Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Collinsville. 

Cherry  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Clarks^ 
burg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cherry  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  runs 
nearly  northward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte 
River  at  Denver. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Arapahoe  oo.,  Colorado. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss., 
20  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Tupelo. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  mining  post-village  of  White  Pine 
CO.,  Nevada,  90  miles  S.  of  Wells  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  quartz-mills  and  mines  of  silver.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains.     Pop.  about  600. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Little  Valley.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
handle-factory,  a  cheese-box  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  676. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  35 
miles  from  McMinnville. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
2  miles  from  Lefroy.     Pop.  100. 

Cher'ryfield,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  in 
Cherryfield  township,  on  the  Narraguagus  River,  about  12 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ban- 
gor. It  contains  the  Cherryfield  Academy,  a  high  school, 
and  4  churches.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber, 
including  a  box-shook-,  4  lath-,  2  stave-,  and  3  shingle- 
factories,  and  2  berry-canneries.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1787. 

Cherryfield,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Cherry  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  E.  of  Wellsborough. 

Cherry  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  is  at 
North  Liberty. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sheridan.     It  has  a  church. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  HI.,  15  milei 
S.W.  of  Freeport.     Pop.  1154. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N. 
of  Crawfordsville. 

Cherry  Grove,  township,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     P.  101. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  oo.,  Minn. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1092.     It  contains  Ayr  and  Fairpoint. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in 
Anderson  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Linwood  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.  It  has 
beds  of  coal.     Pop.  61. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
11  miles  N.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  Elkton.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  near  it  are  several  flour-mills  and  paper-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Canton 
township,  5  miles  from  Denton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  residences. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  is  at 
Jackson. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  16  miles  from  New  York. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  20  dwellings. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     P.  1976. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  station  in  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Alexandria  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad. 

Cherry  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  St.  Francis,  near 
Coteau  Landing,  Quebec.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Cherry  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  of  Cherry  Lane  township,  309. 

Cherry  Log,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Cherry  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Cherry  township,  4  miles  from  Dushore.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Cherry  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  W.  of  Garnett. 

Cherry  Point  City,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Railroad,  64 
miles  E.  of  Decatur.     It  has  a  church. 

Cherry  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish,  La.,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 


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Cherry  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  cc,  Pa.,  in 
Cherry  Ridge  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Honesdale.  It  has 
2  ehurches  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1101. 

Cherry  Run,  a  small  stream  of  Venango  oo.,  Pa., 
enters  Oil  Creek  at  Rouseville,  3  miles  above  Oil  City. 

Cherry  Run,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Al- 
leghany Valley  Railroad  (Low  Grade  division  and  Sligo 
Branch),  76  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Cherry  Run,  a  post-oflSce  of  Union  oo.,  Pa.,  on  Penn'a 
Creek,  and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Rail- 
road. 

Cherry  Run  Depot,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Morgan  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.W.  ©f  Martinsburg. 

Cherry's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksvillo. 
Here  is  Saint  Bethlehem  Post-Ofi5ce. 

Cherry  Spring,  a  post-oifice  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Cherrystone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk. 
Many  peaches,  berries,  melons,  &c.,  are  shipped  here. 

Cherry  Tree,  a  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Cambria, 
Clearfield,  and  Indiana  cos.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna, 20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Grant.  Here  is  an  artesian  well 
769  feet  deep.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cherry  Tree,  a  post-township  of  Venango  co..  Pa., 
i.bout  3  miles  S.  of  Titusville,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Oil 
(!reek,  and  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo 
Railroad.  Cherry  Tree  Post-Office  is  8  or  9  miles  N.  of 
Oil  City.     Pop.  2326. 

CherVyvale',  a  post-town  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas, 
is  situated  on  3  railroads,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.,  of  Inde- 
jtendence.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  2  academies,  2  news- 
]iaper  offices,  and  4  cigar-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2104. 

Cher'ry  "Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co.,  Ark.,  12 
lailes  by  rail  N.  of  Wynne,  and  about  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
'  Pittsburg. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  111., 
( n  the  Kishwaukee  River,  in  Cherry  Valley  township,  and 
( n  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  BraBch\ 
f  J  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
f  ohool,  2  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  flour.  Pop. 
(f  the  township,  1421. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
i:  miles  W.S.W.  of  Worcester  City,  and  1  or  2  miles  from 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  is  partly  in  Leicester 
township.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  flannel, 
tatinet,  and  fancy  cassimere. 

Cherry  Valley,  atownship  of  Lake  CO.,  Mich.     P.  104. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cherry  Valley  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Albany  <fc 
fiusquehanna  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Albany, 
«.nd  9  miles  W.  of  Sharon  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
lummer  hotel,  a  national  bank,  a  furnace,  and  a  melodeon- 
factory.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  930 ; 
cf  the  township,  2214. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jefferson.   It  has  2  churches.  P.  726. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn., 
lOi  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co., 
Ontario,  on  East  Lake,  6  miles  from  Picton.     Pop.  300. 

Cher'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Osage  township,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Steelville. 

Cherryville,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Flemington.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cherryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Cherryville  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  43 
miles  by  rail  W.N. W.  of  Charlotte.  Pop.  about  75  j  of  the 
township,  2003. 

Cherryville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lehigh  township,  ij  miles  from  Treichler  Station.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  slate. 

Cherryville,  a  hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  i  mile  S. 
of  Lorberry  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Chershenbek,  Asia  Minor.     See  Charshumba. 

Cherso,  kjii'so,  (anc.  Crep'sa),  an  island  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  in  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Fiume. 
Area,  105  square  miles.  Pop,  7590.  The  surface  is  generally 
stony  and  rugged ;  the  inhabitants  are  in  a  great  measure 
employed  in  fishing  and  building  vessels.  Cherso,  the  capi- 
tal, on  its  W.  coast,  has  a  cathedral  and  4673  inhabitants. 

Cherson,  a  town  of  Russia,     See  Kherson. 


Chersonesus,  ker-so-nee'siis  (Gr.  \tpa6vii<rof,  a  "oon- 
tinent  island,"  i.e.,  an  island  Joined  to  a  continent,  a  penin- 
sula), the  ancient  name  of  several  peninsulas  of  Europe  and 
Asia,  as  Cheraonestu  Aurea  (Malacca),  Ghemonetus  Cim- 
brica  (Jutland),  Cheraonesut  Thrqci'ca  (Gallh*oli),  Oher- 
tonesus  Taurica  (Crimea),  Cheraonesna  Novantum  (Rhinns). 

Cherta,  chdn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  33  milea 
N.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2000. 

Cherta,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  8  miles  from 
Tortosa,  in  a  plain.  It  was  an  important  place  in  the  time 
of  the  Romans.     Pop.  3450, 

Chertsey,  chSs'se,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey, 
on  the  Thames,  25  miles  by  railway  W.S.W.  of  London. 
The  town,  neatly  built  of  brick,  has  a  handsome  church, 
vestiges  of  a  famous  abbey  in  which  Henry  VI.  was  buried, 
and  an  endowed  charity  school.  The  Saxon  kings  had  a 
palace  here.     Pop.  3146. 

Chertsey,  or  Saint- Theodore  de  Chertsey, 
s4N°-ti^oM6R'  d§h  sh^Rt^si',  a  post-village  in  Montcalm  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Ouareau,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Raw- 
don.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  4  saw-mills,  a  church,  and 
several  stores.    Gold  has  been  found.    Pop.  of  parish,  1619. 

Ches'auing,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Shiawassee  River,  43  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Lansing, 
and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  stave-  and  heading-factory,  2  harness- 
factories,  a  creamery,  a  grain-elevator,  a  foundry,  and  a 
planing-mill.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1056;  of  Chesaning  township,  2361. 

Ches'apcake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Logan  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  a  large  and  important  bay  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  extends  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Susquehanna  River  southward  to  Hampton  Roads,  and  com- 
municates with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  a  wide  channel  be- 
tween Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Henry.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
long,  and  varies  in  width  from  4  to  40  miles,  dividing  Mary- 
land into  two  parts,  called  the  Eastern  and  the  XVestern 
Shore,  and  having  also  upon  its  eastern  shore  the  counties 
of  Accomack  and  Northampton  in  Virginia.  The  land  on 
each  side  of  the  bay  is  deeply  indented  by  numerous  inlets 
or  estuaries,  through  which  the  Potomac,  Patuxent,  Rappa- 
hannock, York,  Choptank,  Nanticoke,  and  other  rivers  enter 
the  bay.  The  water  is  so  deep  that  the  largest  ships  can 
ascend  it  almost  to  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna.  Balti- 
more is  on  an  estuary  which  is  virtually  a  part  of  the  Chesa- 
peake, and  derives  from  it  great  commercial  advantages. 

Chesapeake  City,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  is 
on  or  near  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Delaware  Canal,  which  connects  it  with  Delaware 
City.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1008. 

Chesapeake  City,  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.  See 
Phcebus. 

Chesh'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  29  milea 
W.N.W  of  London.  It  has  manufactures  of  straw  plait, 
shoes,  wooden-wares,  and  paper.     Pop.  2244. 

Cheshani,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  11  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Chesh'er,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Eugene  City. 

Cheshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Chester. 

Cheshire,chfish'ir,acounty  forming  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  New  Hampshire.  Area,  784  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Ashuelot  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and 
mountains,  among  which  is  the  Great  Monadnock,  3450 
feet  high,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  ash,  oak,  elm,  hickory,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Boston  <fe  Maine,  the  Fitchburg,  and  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroads,  all  centring  at  Keene,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870, 
27,265;  in  1880,  28,734;  in  1890,  29,679, 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Cheshire  township,  with  a  station  1  mile  distant  on  the 
New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  New 
Haven,  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  buttons,  brass,  watches,  and  edge-tools.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1929, 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Cheshire  township,  on  the  Pittsfield  &  North  Adams  Branch 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  The  township  has 
4  churches.  Cheshire  has  a  hilly  surface  and  a  fertile  soil. 
It  is  noted  for  dairies,  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  leather, 
iron,  and  lumber,  and  exports  much  quartz-sand.    P.  1308. 


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Cheshire,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of  Allegan 
00.,  Mich.,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Allegan.  The  soil  is 
fertile  and  adapted  to  grain  and  grass.  Here  are  many 
orchards  of  apples  and  peaches.     Pop.  1304. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Can- 
andaigua  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and 
1  mile  W.  of  Canandaigua  Lake.  It  has  a  church  and  man- 
ufactures of  carriages  and  washing-machines. 

Cheshire,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Berlin  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Berlin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  2  churches.     Here  is  Constantia  Post-OflBce. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Cheshire 
township,  and  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  below  Pomeroy, 
and  12  miles  above  Gallipolis.  It  contains  Cheshire  Acad- 
emy, now  a  union  school,  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
large  barrel-factory.     Pop.  300;  of  the  township,  1824. 

Cheshire  Harbor,  a  village  in  Cheshire  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Pittsfiefld  &  North  Adams  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Pittsfield.     It  has  a  large  cotton-mill. 

Chesh'ireville,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dxford  township,  3  miles  from  Coventry  Railroad  Station. 

Ches'hunt,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Herts, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  London.  Here  are  a  college  for  dis- 
senters, some  remains  of  a  nunnery,  and  an  elegant  stone 
cross.  The  manor-house  was  a  residence  of  Cardinal  Wol- 
Bey ;  and  Theobalds,  the  favorite  seat  of  James  I.,  is  in  this 
parish.     Pop.  7618. 

Ches'il  Bank,  a  sand  and  gravel  ridge,  or  isthmus,  in 
the  English  Channel,  which  connects  the  so-called  Isle  of 
Portland  with  the  mainland,  stretching  from  Abbotsbury, 
Dorsetshire,  S.E.  for  9  miles,  by  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

Cheskaya,  Tcheskaia,  or  Tschesktua^*  chfis-ki'4, 
a  gulf  in  the  N.  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel. 

Ches'Iey,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles 
from  Walkerton.     Pop.  150. 

Ches'ley's  Corners,  a  post- village  in  Lunenburg  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  49  miles  southward  from  Kentville.    Pop.  100. 

Chesme,  Tchesme,  or  Tschesme,  chfis'mSh,  writ- 
ten also  Tcheshmeh  (anc.  Cls'sos),  a  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  opposite  the  island  of  Scio,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Smyrna.  Pop.  6000  or  7000.  It  has  a  large  citadel,  the 
residence  of  a  Turkish  governor,  and  near  it  are  sulphur 
and  saline  springs.  Here  in  1770  the  Russians  burnt  the 
Turkish  navy.     Seven  miles  N.E.-are  the  ruias  of  Grythrea, 

Chessy,  shSs^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  RhQne,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Villefranohe-sur-Saone.      Pop.  1132. 

Chest,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  870. 

Chest,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bell  township,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Clearfield. 

Chest,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Altoona,  is  drained  by  Chest  Creek.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  1178. 

ChesHang',  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Chesta'tee,a  small  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Lumpkin 
00.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  in  Hall 
CO.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  Gainesville. 

Chest  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Cambria  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River  in  Clearfield  co. 

Cheste,  chfis'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  W.  of  Valen- 
cia. It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  and  a  trade  in 
wine  and  fruits.     Pop.  4742. 

Ches'ter,  or  Chesh'ire,  a  county  of  England,  having 
N.  the  Irish  Sea  and  the  Mersey,  and  on  other  sides  the  coun- 
ties of  Lancaster,  York,  Derby,  Stafford,  Salop,  Flint,  Den- 
bigh, and  the  estuary  of  the  Dee.  Area,  1102  square  miles. 
The  surface,  except  on  its  extreme  E.  and  W.  borders,  is 
remarkably  level,  well  wooded,  and  studded  with  small  lakes 
or  meres.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dee,  Mersey,  and 
Weaver.  The  soil  is  chiefly  a  clayey  or  sandy  loam ;  the 
climate  moist.  This  is  one  of  the  principal  dairy  and  grazing 
districts  in  England.  Near  Nantwich  are  mines  of  rock 
salt,  and  saline  springs;  other  chief  mineral  products  are 
coal,  copper,  and  lead.  Dairy-farming  is  a  leading  pursuit, 
but  general  agriculture  is  not  neglected.  The  county  is 
traversed  by  several  canals  and  many  railways.  Besides 
the  capital  city,  Chester,  the  principal  towns  are  Birken- 
head, Macclesfield,  Stockport,  Congleton,  Crewe,  and  North- 
wich.     Pop.  in  1881,  644,037;  in  1891,  730,052. 

Chester  (anc.  De'va  or  De'va  Gaa'tra),  a  city  of  Eng- 
land, capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Dee,  and  on  the 
Crewe  <fc  Birkenhead  Railway,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liverpool, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Crewe,  and  166  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
It  stands  on  a  rocky  elevation,  in  great  part  enclosed  by 
ancient  and  massive  walls,  which  form  an  oblong  quadrangle, 
lurrounded  by  a  public  walk  2  miles  in  length.     Its  thor- 


oughfares, preserving  their  ancient  Roman  direction,  crois 
one  another  at  right  angles ;  and  the  four  principal,  which 
diverge  to  the  cardinal  points,  have  their  carriage-ways  far 
below  the  adjaceni  houses,  and  are  bordered  with  shops, 
over  which  are  piazzas  or  "  rows"  for  foot-passengers.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  castle,  comprising  barracks  and 
armory,  the  city  jail,  college,  churches,  city  hall,  linen,  union, 
and  commerce  halls,  exchange,  county  infirmary,  and  county 
lunatic  asylum.  Chester  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  cathedral 
is  an  irregular  massive  structure,  with  a  tower  127  feet  in 
height;  it  has  many  fine  monuments,  with  a  handsome 
chapter-house,  and  adjacent  to  it  are  the  remains  of  an  an- 
cient abbey,  partly  used  for  the  grammar-school.  The  bish- 
op's palace  and  prebendal  college  occupy  other  portions  of 
the  abbey-precinct.  St.  John's  church  is  a  fine  specimen 
of  Saxon  architecture ;  Trinity  church  contains  the  tombs 
of  Parnell  and  of  Matthew  Henry.  At  the  end  of  either 
principal  street  of  the  city  proper  is  an  arched  gateway. 
The  public  charities  are  very  numerous,  comprising  St. 
John's  Poor's  Hospital,  and  a  large  number  of  schools,  in- 
cluding one  supported  by  the  Marquis  of  Westminster  for 
500  children.  Chester  has  a  good  public  library,  a  me- 
chanics' institution,  a  museum,  and  a  theatre.  Except  ship- 
building, the  manufactures  are  of  little  consequence,  and 
the  commerce  of  Chester  has  declined,  owing  to  the  filling 
of  the  harbor,  and  to  the  proximity  of  Liverpool.  Vessels 
of  600  tons  approach  the  city,  which  exports  cheese,  copper 
plates,  cast  iron,  and  coal.  Chester  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Many  Roman  antiquities  have  beeii- 
discovered  here.     Pop.  in  1881,  36,794;  in  1891,  37,105. 

Ches'ter,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  764  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Brandywine,  French,  Octorara,  Chester,  and  Pickering 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  beautifully  diversified  with  undula- 
tions and  hills  of  moderate  height.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Among  its  remarkable  feature? 
is  the  long,  narrow,  and  beautiful  Chester  Valley,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  Schuylkill  to  the  western  border  of  the 
county,  a  distance  of  about  30  miles.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  oats,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products,  and 
forged  and  rolled  iron  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Good  limestone  and  marble  are  abundant  in  Chester  Valley. 
Among  the  other  minerals  found  in  this  county  are  iron, 
lead,  serpentine,  gneiss,  kaolin,  titanium,  and  amethyst. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Wilmington 
&  Reading  Railroad.  The  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Rail- 
road passes  along  the  N.E.  border.  Capital,  West  Chester. 
Pop.  in  1870,  77,805 ;  in  1880,  83,481 ;  in  1890,  89,377. 

Chester,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Catawba  (or  Wateree)  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Charlotte,  Co- 
lumbia &  Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Chester  Court-House 
Pop.  in  1870,  18,805;  in  1880,  24,153;  in  1890,  26,660. 

Chester,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Tennessee.  Are* 
288  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Forked  Deer  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  passes  through  Henderson,  the  capital  of 
the  county.     Pop.  in  1890,  9069. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Ark.,  24  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Van  Buren.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  32 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hartford,  and  18  miles  S.E.  of  Mid- 
dletown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  manufactures 
of  ivory  and  bone  goods,  hardware,  auger-bits,  &o.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1301. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  111.  Pop.  1062. 
It  contains  Chestervale. 

Chester,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
111.,  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia,  about  75  miles  below  St.  Louis, 
and  45  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  Its  site  is  elevated  and  com- 
mands a  beautiful  view.  It  is  a  railroad  terminus,  and  has 
2  banks,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  hardware, 
and  brick.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2708. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3143. 
It  contains  North  Manchester,  Liberty  Mills,  and  New 
Madison. 

Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.  j 
of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  175.  | 

Chester,  formerly  Eatonville,  a  post-village  of 
Howard  co.,  Iowa,  in  Chester  township,  on  the  Upper  lows 


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River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Alilwaultee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin,  Minn.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.  Pop.  about  150 ;  of  the 
township,  391. 

Chester,  a  hamlet  of  Troy  township,  Iowa  co.,  Iowa, 
12  miles  S.  of  Marengo.     Here  is  Stelapolis  Post-Offioe. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  523. 

Chester,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Oakaloosa  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Washington. 

Chester,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kan- 
aaa,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Lawrence. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Penobscot  River.  Pop.  368.  Chester  Post- 
Office  is  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  50 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  a 
branch  of  Westfield  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  emery-mills,  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  granite-mills,  manufactures  of  mica  and  porcelain, 
bedsteads,  &<i.  A  mine  of  emery  has  been  opened  here. 
The  township  has  a  manufactory  of  edge-tools.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1295. 

Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Chester 
township,  on  the   Grand  River  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles 
""  W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  saw- 
Is.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1203. 
hester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 

inona  &,  St.  Peter  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 
Pop.  200. 

Chester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Choctaw  co..  Miss., 
25  miles  W.  of  Starkville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  several  stores,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  about  200. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Hebron.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Chester  township,  about  25  miles  S.S.B.  of  Concord.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1153. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Chester 
township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
German  Valley,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Dover,  and 
about  11  miles  W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
a  seminary  for  girls.  Iron  ore  abounds  here.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1743. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y,,  in  Chester 
township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
York,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  contains 
the  Chester  Academy  (now  a  union  school),  a  national  bank, 
and  4  churches.  Large  fields  of  onions  are  cultivated  here 
for  the  markets  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn.  Pop.  666  ; 
of  the  township,  2256. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Hudson.     It  contains  Chestertown,  and  has  5 

urches,  several  tanneries,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  2199. 
hester,  a  station  in  IButler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland, 

umbus  &,  Cincinnati  Railroad,  near  West  Chester. 
hester,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1173.     It 
tains  a  part  of  New  Burlington. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.  Pop.  727.  It 
affords  quartz-pebbles  for  glass-making. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in  Chester 
township,  on  Shade  Creek,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Pomeroy.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  chair- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  172  ;  of  the  township,  1656. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.  Pop.  1073.  It 
contains  Chesterville. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  1921.  It 
contains  Lattasburg. 

Chester,  a  city  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
River,  15  miles  below  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  Philadelphia, 
Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Wilming- 
ton. It  is  also  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Chester  and  Chester 
&  Delaware  River  Railroads.  It  was  settled  by  Swedes 
in  1643,  and  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.  Its  original 
name  was  Upland.  It  contains  20  churches,  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Military  Academy,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank, 
a  national  hall,  a  high  school,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  2  monthly 
periodicals.  It  has  increased  rapidly  in  recent  times,  and 
derives  its  prosperity  chiefly  from  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  iron  steamships,  engines,  boilers,  &c. 
The  city  contains  41  incorporated  manufacturing  compa- 
nies, and  innumerable  private  manufacturing  concerns, 
and  has  a  Board  of  Trade.     Chester  was  incorporated  in 


1866.  Pop.  in  1860,  4631 ;  in  1870,  9485 ;  in  1880, 14,997 ; 
in  1890,  20,226;  of  the  township,  578  additional.  See 
South  Chester. 

Chester,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
River,  i  mile  from  Cochecton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chester,  S.C.    See  Chester  Court-House. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Colmesneil.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Chester,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Chester 
township,  on  Williams  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  graded  school.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, lumber,  boots,  sash,  <fec.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2052. 

Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co..  Wash.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Spokane.     It  has  several  stores,  &c. 

Chester,  a  village  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  Horicon  Lake 
or  Marsh,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Juneau.  It  has  2  acad- 
emies and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chester,  or  Chester  West,  a  post-village  in  Artha- 
baska  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  branch  of  the  Nicolet,  8  miles  from 
Saint  Christophe  d'Arthabaska.  It  has  saw-mills,  2  rich 
copper-mines,  a  lead-mine,  and  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and 
in  pot-  and  pearl-ashes.     Pop.  250. 

Chester,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  a  basin  of  the  same  name,  at  the  head  of  Mahono.Bay, 
45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halifax.  It  has  a  fish-trade.  Chester 
Basin  is  studded  with  islands,  of  which  there  are  said  to 
be  365.  The  village  has  several  stores,  a  warm  alkaline 
spring,  and  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.     Pop.  900. 

Chester  Basin,  a  post-village,  5  miles  from  the  above, 
is  romantically  situated.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  300 

Chester  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Chester  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
in  Chester  township. 

Chester  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Chester  co.,  S.C,  is  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta 
Railroad,  45  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Charlotte,  and  65  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Columbia.  The  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad, 
90  miles  long,  extends  from  this  place  to  Lenoir,  N.C. 
Chester  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  1899;  in  1890,  2703. 

Chester  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Chester  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Delaware  co.,  and  enters  the 
Delaware  River  at  the  city  of  Chester. 

Chester  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co., 
0.,  in  Chester  township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Chester  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Chester  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  manufactures  of  carriages, 
furniture,  sash,  blinds,  &a. 

Ches'terfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  24  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Derby,  on  the  Rother  and  a  canal  connect- 
ing it  with  the  Trent.  It  is  irregularly  built.  The  prin- 
cipal edifices  are  a  cruciform  church  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, with  a  remarkable  twisted  spire  230  feet  high,  various 
schools,  almshouses,  literary  and  mechanics'  institutions, 
the  town  hall,  jail,  workhouse,  prison,  and  assembly-rooms. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  lace,  hosiery,  worsted, 
earthenware,  and  machinery ;  and  in  its  vicinity  are  iron-, 
coal-,  and  lead-mines.     Pop.  in  1891,  13,242. 

Ches'terfield,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  986  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  and  on  the 
W.  by  Lynch's  Creek,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Cheraw  & 
Darlington  Railroad.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  cov- 
ered with  forests ;  the  soil  is  said  to  be  sandy.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products,  and  gold  is  mined  in 
this  county.  Quartz  occurs  in  connection  with  the  gold 
The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Cheraw  A  Darlington,  the 
Cheraw  &  Salisbury,  and  the  Palmetto  Railroads.  Capital, 
Chesterfield  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,584 ;  in  1880, 
16,345;  in  1890,  18,468. 

Chesterfield,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  465  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  mostly  inferior.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Coal-mines 
have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Richmond  k  Peters- 
burg Railroad.  Capital,  Chesterfield  Court-House.  Pop. 
in  1870,  18,470  J  in  1880,  25,085;  in  1890,  26,211. 


OHB 


870 


CHE 


Chesterfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
in  Montville  township,  8  miles  N.W.  of  New  London.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  mills  for 
cotton  batts  and  twine. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  oo..  111.,  in 
Chesterfield  township,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has 
3  churches.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  which 
connects  Anderson  with  Muncie,  6  miles  E.  of  Anderson. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  203. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Chesterfield  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Spring- 
field. It  has  a  lumber-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Westfield  River.     Pop.  746. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich., 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  Pop.  2213.  It  contains  a 
village  named  New  Baltimore.  Chesterfield  Station  is  29 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Detroit. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River.  Chesterfield 
Post-Office  is  at  Centre  Village,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Keene.  The  township  contains  the  beautiful  Spofford  Lake 
and  a  village  named  Chesterfield  Factory.  There  is  a  large 
hotel  at  the  lake,  which  is  a  summer  resort.     Pop.  1289. 

Chesterfield,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.   P.  1728. 

Chesterfield,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
W.  border  of  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  3019.  Port  Kent, 
Port  Douglas,  and  Port  Kendall  are  in  this  township, 

Chesterfield,  or  Chester  Hill,  a  post-village  of 
Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Marion  township,  about  25  miles  W.  by 
N.  from  Marietta.  It  has  3  churches.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Chester  Hill.     Pop,  354. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  several  general  stores. 

Chesterfield,  or  Chesterfield  Court-House,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Bright- 
hope  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Chesterfield,  or  Bons'ville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford 
CO.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Bright.     Pop.  100. 

Chesterfield  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.,  in  Chesterfield  township,  12  miles 
W.  of  Cheraw,  and  about  75  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ches'terfield  Fac'tory,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  in  Chesterfield  township,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Keene. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  auger-bits,  gimlets, 
sash,  blinds,  lumber,  <&c. 

Ches'terfield  In'let,  a  long  and  narrow  inlet  of  the 
North- West  Territories,  stretching  N.  from  Hudson's  Bay. 
Entrance  in  lat.  63°  30'  N.,  Ion.  90°  40'  W,  Length,  250 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  25  miles. 

Ches'ter  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Front  Royal.     It  has  a  church. 

Chester  Heights,  hits,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  23  miles 
from  Philadelphia. 

Chester  Hill,  Morgan  co.,  Ohio.    See  Chesterfield. 

Chester  Junction,  in  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Mor- 
ris &  Essex  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chester  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Chester. 

Ches'ter-le-Street,  a  town  of  England,  CO.  and  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Durham.  Its  church  was  formerly  collegiate; 
and  the  village,  which  is  on  the  ancient  Ermine  street,  was 
long  an  episcopal  see,  then  called  Cuneceastre.     Pop.  2450, 

Chester  Park,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  and  Marietta  <fe  Cincinnati 
Railroads,  6  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 

Chester  River  rises  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  and  passes 
thence  into  Maryland.  It  runs  westward  and  southwest- 
ward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Kent  and  Queen  Anne 
cos.  (of  Maryland),  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay.  Sloops 
can  ascend  it  about  25  miles. 

Chester  Springs,  or  Yellow  Springs,  a  post-vil- 
lage and  summer  resort  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Picker- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Phcenixville,  and 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring,  and  a  school  for  orphans. 

Chester  Station,  a  post- village  of  Dodge  co..  Wis., 
in  Chester  township,  on  Horicon  Lake  or  Marsh,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Fond  du  Lao.   It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  a  hotel.   P.  100. 

Ches'terton,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Porter  oo., 
Ind.,  in  West  Chester  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Mich- 


igan Southern  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and 
about  1  mile  from  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  organ-factory 
a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  4  brick-yards,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  931 ;  of  the  township,  2629. 

Ches'tertown,  a  thriving  post-village,  capital  of  Kent 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  right  bank  of  Chester  River,  about  25  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  55  miles  by 
water  E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  on  the  Kent  County  Railroad 
and  at  the  head  of  navigation.  Steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween Baltimore  and  this  place.  It  is  the  seat  of  Washing- 
ton College,  founded  in  1782,  and  has  6  churches,  a  new 
court-house,  2  national  banks,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  6 
phosphate  factories,  <kc.  Two  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2632. 

Chestertown,  a  post-town  and  summer  resort  of 
Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  49  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Saratoga,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  5  churches,  an 
academy,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  and  lumber.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Riverside. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2173. 

ChesUervale',  a  station  in  Logan  co.,  111.,  on  tha 
Pekin,  Lincoln  &  Decatur  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Ches'ter  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  at 
Howellville,  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad. 

Ches'terville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Douglas 
CO.,  111.,  in  Bourbon  township,  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Bail- 
road,  4i  miles  W.  of  Areola. 

Chesterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  in 
Chesterville  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  tannery  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills,  also  quarries  of 
granite.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1011. 

Chesterville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  abont 
50  miles  E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  81, 

Chesterville,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoc  oo..  Miss., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pontotoc,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Chesterville,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Cinnaminson  township,  3  miles  from  Moorestown.  It  hai 
a  flour-mill. 

Chesterville,  a  village  of  Albany  co.,  N.T.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany,  and  in  Westerlo  township.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Westerlo.     Pop.  247. 

Chesterville,  a  post-village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  ia 
Chester  township,  near  Vernon  River,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Columbus.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  282. 

Chesterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  S.W,  of  West  Chester,  and  2^  miles  from  Landen- 
burg  Railroad  Station. 

Chesterville,  S.C.    See  Chester  Court-House. 

Chesterville,  Ontario.    See  Winchester. 

Chester  West,  Quebec.     See  Chester. 

Chestnut,  ches'nut,  a  post-bamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala,, 
3  miles  E.  of  Buena  Vista,     It  has  2  stores,  Ac. 

Chestnut,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Ill,     Pop,  1144. 

Chestnut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ill,,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Clinton,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tile-factory,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  165. 

Chestnut,  a  station  in  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Chestnut  Bluffs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn., 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Alamo.  It  has  a  church  and  several 
general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Chestnut  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Liberty.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga.,  5 
miles  (direct)  W.  of  Morganton. 

Chestnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ey.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Chestnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  oo.,  0.,  about 
22  miles  W.  of  Pomeroy. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.» 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Belair.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
is  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  in  the  6th 
ward  of  the  city  of  Newton,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Montclair  A  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Jersey  City, 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  JeS^erson,     Pop.  of  Chestnut  Hill  township,  1412, 

Chestnut  Hill,  township,  Monroe  co,.  Pa,     P.  1419,     I 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-suburb  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is  I 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Germantown  A  Chestnut  Hill  Branches  *! 
of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  and  Pennsylvania  Railroads. 


CUE 


871 


cm 


12  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  initial  stations  at  Philadelphia. 
Here  are  6  churches,  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy,  and 
many  fine  residences.     The  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the 
Philadelphia  Post-Office. 
Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 
Chestnut  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  Drumore  township,  2J  miles  from  Goshen  Station.     It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Chestnut  Level,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 
Chestnut  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn., 
28  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  mountain- 
ridge  extending  through  Indiana,  Fayette,  and  Westmore- 
land cos.  It  is  nearly  straight,  more  than  130  miles  long, 
and  its  direction  is  N.N.E.  and  S.S.W.  It  rises  about  2000 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  portion  of  it  which  is  in  the 
S.  part  of  Fayette  co.  is  called  Laurel  Ridge.  Good  coal 
abounds  at  the  base  of  Chestnut  Ridge. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ind.,  on    the  Jeffersonville,  Madison   <fc   Indianapolis 
_Eailroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Seymour.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
■tave-factory. 

^Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  oo.,  Ky. 
:  Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
pout  20  miles  E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  a  church. 
^Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 
[Chestnut  Ridge,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on 
le  railroad  from  Youngstown  to  Sharon,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
coungstown. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  S.  from  Shelbyville.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores, 
and  a  wagon-shop. 

Chesto'nia,  a  post-township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
contains  Cascade  Station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad.     It  has  forests  of  beech,  elm,  maple,  pine,  &c. 

Chest  Springs,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churches,  2 
j,m  lumber-mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  269. 
^ChesHuee'  Mills,  a  post-offiee  and  flour-mill  of  Polk 

Tenn.,  1  mile  from  the  Hiawassee  River. 
LChesun'cook  Lake,  in  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  is  an 
j)ansion  of  the  Penobscot  River,  which  enters  its  N.W. 
|d  and  issues  from  the  S.E.  part  of  it.     This  lake  is  about 
)  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide. 

Cheta'chee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  enters  the  Alabama 
iver  from  the  N.W.  about  18  miles  below  Cahawba. 
.  Chet'co,  a  post-office  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon. 
kChetek,  sbet'ak,  a  post- village  of  Barron  co.,  Wis., 
^out  10  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Cameron  Junction,  and 
miles  S.E.  of  Barron.    It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
llblic  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 
Chet'icamp,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  is  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  68  miles  N.  of  Mabou.     Lat.  46°  36'  30"  N.; 
Ion.,  61°  3'  10"  W.     It  has  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  1915. 
Chetimaches  (chet-tim-atch'iz  or  shet^mash')  Lake, 
or  Lake    Grand,  in  the   southern  part  of  Louisiana, 
touches  the  parishes  of  Iberia,  St.  Martin,  and  St.  Mary's. 
It  is  about  35  miles  long  and   10  miles  wide,  but  very 
shallow.     It  is  chiefly  supplied  by  the  overflowing  of  the 
Atchafalaya  Bayou,  which  also  serves  as  its  outlet. 

Chetopa,  she-to'pa,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kan- 
aas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  about  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop,  a  pottery,  coal-mines,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
ulaning-mill,  elevators,  and  a  school-building  which  cost 
125,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  2265. 

Chetopa,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  522. 
Chetopa,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  596. 
Chet'wa%  spelled  also  Chetwai  and  Chaitwa,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  W.  coast,  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Calicut. 
Cheux,  shuh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mue,  10  miles  W.  of  Caen.     Pop.  952. 

Cheverie,  shjv^^h-ree',  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  18  miles  N.  of  Newport. 
It  exports  30,000  tons  of  gypsum  annually.     Pop.  200. 

Chevilly,  sh§h-vee'yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loiret, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1572. 

Cheviot,  chev'e-ot,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
In  Green  township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is 
finely  situated  on  high  ground,  and  has  6  churches. 

Cheviot,  chev'e-9t,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Cheviot  (chev'e-9t)  Fells,  a  mountain-range  of  South 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  extending  between  the  Groen-Ber- 

fen  on  the  W.  and  Hyndhopo  Fells  on  the  E.,  about  lat. 
f"  30'  S. 


Cheviot  (chiv'e-9t  or  chev'e-pt)  Hills,  a  range  ex- 
tending from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  between  England  and  Scotland, 
in  the  counties  of  Northumberland  and  Roxburgh,  but  mostly 
in  the  former  county,  in  which  they  occupy  about  10,000 
acres.  They  are  of  trap  formation,  porphyry,  and  green- 
stone, and  intersect  the  old  red  sandstone  and  mountain 
limestone  strata.  They  afl"ord  excellent  pasture  for  sheep. 
Grouse  are  abundant.  The  Cheviot  Peak,  7  miles  S.W.  ot 
Wooler,  is  2684  feet,  and  Carter  Fell,  2020  feet  high. 

Chevreuse,  shfivVuz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Yvette.     Pop.  1989. 

Chewalla,  sbe-w&l'la,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Rail  • 
road,  84  miles  E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chewalla  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  on 
Chewalla  Creek,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  » 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  academy.  I 

Chew's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
3  miles  S.  of  Mt.  Ephraim  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  300. 

Chewsville,  chuz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington. 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Hagerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Chew'ton,  a  mining-borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in 
Talbot  CO.,  on  Forest  Creek.     Pop.  2387. 

Chew'town,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Beaver  River,  at  Wampum  Station,  9  miles  S.  of  New  Castle. 

Cheychun,  chi^chun',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus, 
50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Cheyenne,  shrenn',  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Kansas.  Area,  1020  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Republican  River.  Capital,  Bird  City.  Pop.  in 
18S0,  4401. 

Cheyenne,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
ders on  Colorado.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Platte 
River  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Sidney. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1558;  in  1890,  5693. 

Cheyenne,  the  capital  of  Wyoming,  and  of  Laramie 
CO.,  is  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Laramie  range  of  moun- 
tains, 6000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri  River  Railroad  system,  106  miles  N.  of  Denver, 
516  miles  W.  of  Omaha,  and  513  miles  E.  of  Ogden.  Lat. 
41°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  42'  W.  Coal  or  lignite  and  iron  are 
found  near  this  town.  It  contains  10  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  and  the  workshops  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  Company.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers are  issued  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,690. 

Cheyenne  Indians,  a  tribe  in  the  United  States,  long 
associated  with  the  Arapahoes,  but  believed  by  many  eth- 
nologists to  be  of  Algonquin  stock.  They  are  in  part  set- 
tled in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  are  now  few  in  numbers. 
They  are  athletic,  warlike,  and  fine  horsemen. 

Cheyenne  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front 
Range,  has  an  altitude  of  9848  feet.  Lat.  38°  44'  N. ;  Ion. 
104°  52'  30"  W. 

Cheyenne  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  is 
formed  by  two  branches,  which  rise  in  Wyoming.  The 
Northern  Branch,  sometimes  called  Belle  Fourche,  runs 
first  northeastward,  and  enters  South  Dakota,  in  which  it 
flows  eastward  and  southeastward  along  the  northern  base 
of  the  Black  Hills.  The  South  Fork  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  South  Dakota  near  the  southern  base  of  the  Black 
Hills.  It  subsequently  traverses  the  Bad  Lands  {Manvaises 
Terrell),  and  runs  northeastward  until  it  unites  with  the 
other  branch,  about  lat.  44°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  102°  20'  W. 
The  main  river  flows  nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  lat.  44°  48'  N.  Each  of  the  branches 
is  nearly  350  miles  long.  The  length  of  the  river  below 
their  junction  is  estimated  at  150  miles.  Its  name  is  some- 
times written  Shai/uen,  Shienne,  and  Big  Cheyenne.  The  two 
branches  environ  the  Black  Hills  on  every  side. 

Cheyenne  Wells,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cheyenne 
CO.,  Col.,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kit  Carson.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  broom-factory,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Cneyney,  chi'n^,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  23 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     Much  milk  is  shipped  here. 

Ch6zy  I'Abbaye,  shi'zee'  l&b^bi,',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aisne,  4  miles  S.  of  ChS,teau-Thierry.     Pop.  1277. 
Chhatis^arh,  a  district  of  India.    See  Chutteesourb. 
Chhatrapur,  a  state  of  India.     See  Chatterpoor. 
Chhindwara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chindwara. 
Chhota-Nagpur.    See  Chuta-Nagpoor. 
Chiajauo,  or  Chiaiano,  kee-&-y&'no,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  3209. 


CHI 


872 


OHl 


Chiampo,  ke-im'po,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  gov- 
ernment of  Venice,  12  miles  W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3627. 

Chiamut,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Ciamot. 

Chiana,  ke-i'nS,  (anc.  Cla'nis),  a  small  river  of  Central 
Italy,  divided  into  two  branches,  the  one  being  an  affluent 
of  the  Arno,  which  it  joins  5  miles  N.W.  of  Arezzo,  after  a 
course  of  35  miles;  the  other  joins  the  Paglia.  The  two  are 
connected  by  the  Chiana  Canal,  37  miles  in  length,  begun 
in  1551  and  finished  in  1823,  by  Which  a  large  tract  of 
land  has  been  drained  and  rendered  fertile. 

Chianciauo,  ke-in-chi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Siena,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Montepulciano.     Pop.  2469. 

Chianti,  ke-in'tee,  that  part  of  Italy  which  lies  be- 
tween the  sources  of  the  Arbia,  Ambra,  and  Ombrone, 
forming  part  of  the  water-shed  between  their  basins  and 
the  basin  of  the  Arno. 

Chiantla,  che-3,nt'l3,,  a  river  of  Guatemala,  rises  in 
the  volcanic  chain  which  traverses  the  centre  of  Guatemala, 
and,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Usumasinta, 
on  the  left,  in  lat.  17°  10'  N.,  Ion.  91°  55'  W. 
•  Chiantla,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  on  the  above-named 
river,  128  miles  S.W.  of  Guatemala. 

Chiapa,  che-&'p&,  or  Las  Chiapas,  lis  che-3,'p3,s,  a 
state  in  the  S.E.  of  Mexico,  having  Guatemala  on  the  S.E. 
and  the  Pacific  on  the  S.W.  Area,  16,048  square  miles. 
It  comprises  a  portion  of  the  table- land  of  Central  America, 
traversed  by  the  Usumasinta  and  Tabasco.  The  highlands 
have  an  agreeable  climate,  but  the  lower  lands  are  hot  and 
sickly.  Capital,  San  Cristobal  (formerly  called  Giudad 
Real,  and  Giudad  de  Las  Gasas).     Pop.  242,000. 

Chiapa  de  los  Indios,  che-i'pi  di  loce  een'de-ooe, 
a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa,  30  miles  W.  of  San  Cris- 
tobal.    Pop.  1600. 

Chiaramonte,  ke-3.VS,-mon't4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Modica.     Pop.  9223. 

Chiaramonte,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sassari.     Pop.  1904. 

Chiaravaiie,  ke-iVl-vil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Catanzaro,  near  the  Gulf  of  Squillace,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Catanaaro.     Pop.  2927. 

Chiaravalle,  an  abbey  in  Italy,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Milan, 
originally  a  Cistercian  monastery,  founded  by  St.  Bernard. 

Chiarbola,  ke-aR'bo-18,,  a  suburb  of  Triest,  in  Austria. 
Pop.  12,521. 

Chiarenza,  a  village  of  Greece.    See  Klarentza. 

Chiari,  ke-i'ree,  atownof  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Brescia.  Pop.  9479.  It  has  numerous  churches, 
and  flourishing  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics  and  twist. 
Here  Prince  Eugene  gained  a  victory  over  Mar6chal  Ville- 
roi,  on  1st  September,  1701. 

Chiaromonte,  ke-i-ro-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  42  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3136. 

Chiasso,  ke-S,s'so,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Ticino,  with  a  custom-house  on  the  frontier  of  Italy,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  1345. 

Chiavari,  ke-i'vi-re,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Rapallo,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sturla.  Pop.  11,521.  It  is  enclosed  by 
cultivated  hills,  and  is  well  built  and  flourishing.  Streets 
narrow  and  bordered  with  arcades ;  the  houses  present  much 
curious  architecture ;  old  and  picturesque  towers  are  dotted 
about  the  town,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  many  handsome 
villas.  Principal  edifices,  three  richly-adorned  churches,  a 
hospital,  and  a  convent.  It  has  lace-  and  silk-factories,  an 
(inchovy-fishery,  Ac.  Marble  and  slate  are  quarried  in  its 
neighborhood. 

Chiavenna,  ke-i-ven'ni  (anc.  Clavenna),  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Maira,  province  and  20  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Sondrio.  Pop.  3930.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built  ; 
it  has  6  churches,  to  one  of  which  is  attached  a  baptistery, 
and  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics,  also  of  pottery  made  from 
a  peculiar  soft  stone.  The  Septimer  and  Spliigen  roads 
meeting  here,  Ghiavenna  has  an  active  trade. 

Chibin,  or  Chibin-el-Koom.    See  Shbtbeen. 

Chibogomou,  she-bog'o-moo,  a  lake  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  Canada,  288  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It 
stretches  to  the  N.E.  some  25  miles,  and  empties  by  two  out- 
lets into  another  parallel  lake  on  the  N.W.  side.  These 
lakes  have  their  outlet  into  the  Notaway  River,  a  stream 
flowing  into  James's  Bay.  Chibogomou  Lake  is  studded 
with  numerous  islands,  and  its  shores  are  low  and  rocky. 

Chicabalapoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Chic^acole',  or  Cicacole,  sik'a-kol',  a  town  of 
India,  Madras  presidency,  district  and  107  miles  S.W.  of 
Ganjam.  It  is  irregular  and  chiefly  built  of  mud,  but  has 
some  good  houses,  cantonments  for  troops,  and  manufao- 
ures  of  excellent  muslins.     Pop.  12,800. 


Chicago,  she-kah'go,  the  largest  city  of  Illinois,  anfllv 
second  in  point  of  population  in  the  United  States,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  mouth  of  Chicago  River,  on  the  southwestern 
bend  of  Lake  Michigan.  Lat.  of  city  hall,  41°  53'  3"  N.  j 
Ion.  87°  37'  30"  W. 

The  name  "  Chicago"  is  of  Indian  origin,  signifying  the 
widely-varying  titles  of  a  king  or  deity,  a  skunk,  and  a 
wild  onion.  It  was  also  applied  to  a  valiant  line  of  chiefs, 
and  to  the  voice  of  the  Great  Manitou.  The  first  Europeans 
known  to  have  visited  the  site  were  two  French  fur-traders 
in  1654.  In  August,  1673,  the  two  explorers  Louis  Joliet 
and  Father  Jacques  Marquette  passed  down  the  river  to 
the  lake,  and  for  a  time  this  region  was  in  the  possession  of 
France.  lu  1795  the  Indian  residents  ceded  to  the  United 
States  an  area  of  six  miles  square,  on  which,  in  1803,  Fort 
Dearborn  was  erected.  The  first  permanent  white  settler 
was  John  Kinzie,  a  Canadian,  who  came  to  Chicago  in 
1804.  The  fort  was  burned  by  the  Indians  in  1812,  and 
most  of  the  white  people,  about  60  in  all,  were  massacred. 
Four  years  later  the  fort  was  rebuilt,  and  two  years  after- 
wards the  surrounding  territory  was  organized  into  the 
State  of  Illinois.  In  1831  the  county  of  Cook  was  created, 
with  Chicago  as  the  county  seat.  It  was  incorporated  into 
a  town  on  August  10, 1833,  at  which  time  there  were  about 
a  dozen  families  settled  around  the  fort.  In  the  same  year 
the  first  newspaper,  known  as  the  Chicago  Democrat,  was 
established. 

The  city  was  formed  in  1837,  with  a  population  of  4170. 
This  was  followed  with  4853  in  1840,  29,993  in  1850, 112,172 
in  1860,  298,977  in  1870,  503,185  in  1880, 1,099,850  in  1890, 
and  1,450,000  at  the  close  of  1892. 

Chicago  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  most  important  cen- 
tre of  commerce  in  the  Northwestern  states.  The  business 
portion  of  the  city  stands  approximately  600  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  about  15  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake. 
The  length  of  the  city  from  N.  to  S.  is  24  miles,  breadth 
E.  to  W.  about  10  miles, — covering  an  area  of  about  181 
square  miles.  Chicago  is  divided  by  the  Chicago  River 
and  its  branches  into  3  parts,  called  the  N.,  S.,  and  W. 
divisions,  which  are  connected  by  53  bridges,  besides  which 
are  2  stone  cable-car  tunnels  built  under  the  river-bed,  one 
1890  feet  long,  under  the  main  river,  the  other  1608  feet 
long,  under  the  South  Branch.  The  city  is  well  laid  out, 
the  streets  being  in  the  main  so  arranged  that  those  parallel 
to  the  river  are  intersected  at  regular  intervals  and  at  right 
angles  by  the  others.  Thus  the  buildings,  especially  in  the 
business  portion,  are  grouped  and  separated  into  convenient 
blocks.  There  are,  owing  to  recent  annexations,  over  2426 
miles  of  streets  and  alleys,  the  former  being  principally  80 
feet  wide,  of  which  over  868  miles  are  paved,  mostly  with 
granite  and  wooden  block  paving.  There  are  over  400 
miles  of  horse  and  cable  street  railways,  extending  to  all 
parts  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs,  besides  3  steam  elevated 
railways.  The  sewers  make  a  total  of  978  miles.  The 
streets,  and  public  and  private  buildings,  mammoth  office 
structures,  stores,  and  dwellings,  are  well  lighted  by  gas 
and  electricity.  The  city  has  a  superbly  appointed  fire- 
department,  with  a  complete  system  of  fire-alarm  stations, 
and  steam  fire-engines,  chemical  engines,  river  fire-boats, 
Ac,  operated  by  about  1100  men  and  450  horses.  The 
water-supply  is  ample,  and  the  water  pure,  the  supply 
being  obtained  from  Lake  Michigan  through  five  brick  tun- 
nels running  parallel  under  the  lake,  with  a  total  capacity 
of  480,000,000  galloiis  of  water  per  day.  Chicago  has  also 
a  system  of  parks,  9  in  number,  covering  nearly  2600  acres, 
and  boulevards  which  afford  a  drive  of  about  95  miles.  It 
is  one  of  the  healthiest  of  the  large  cities  of  the  country. 
The  rate  of  mortality  for  1892  was  19.93. 

The  public  school  system  of  Chicago  embraces  12  high 
schools,  130  grammar  schools,  and  48  primary  schools,  with 
3420  teachers  and  138,847  pupils.  Besides  the  public  edu- 
cational institutions  there  are  over  220  kindergarten,  pri- 
vate and  parochial  schools,  and  business  colleges,  with  about 
2200  teachers  and  nearly  100,000  pupils.  The  parochial 
schools  are  mainly  supported  by  the  Lutherans,  the  Roman 
Catholics,  and  other  distinctive  denominations.  There  are 
6  theological  seminaries,  34  medical,  dental,  pharmaceu- 
tical, and  veterinary  colleges  and  societies,  a  college  of  law, 
a  manual  training  school,  an  industrial  school  for  girls,  8 
art  institutes,  12  scientific  associations,  and  13  schools  of 
music.  The  police  force  has  a  total  of  2700  men,  with  38 
police-station  buildings,  each  of  which  is  furnished  with 
a  patrol  wagon,  and  all  of  them  connected  by  telephone 
service.  There  are  about  2000  police-  and  fire-alarm  ■ 
boxes.  ■ 

Chicago  has  550  churches,  comprising  a  fair  proportion  I 
of  all  the  leading  and  one  or  more  representative  societies 


GHI 


873 


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of  most  of  the  minor  denominations,  including  a  large 
number  of  missions.  Identified  with  or  controlled  by  the 
various  Protestant  churches  and  missions  are  about  600 
Sunday-schools,  having  nearly  127,000  scholars,  under 
about  12,000  oflRcers  and  teachers.  The  city  is  liberally 
supplied  with  newspapers,  magazines,  and  periodicals,  num- 
bering over  400  in  all,  including  24  dailies.  There  are  17 
libraries  and  reading-rooms,  including  the  public  library 
with  its  185,000  volumes  of  books,  and  several  hospitals, 
infirmaries,  asylums,  prisons,  police-stations,  almshouse,  <fec. 
The  United  States  Government  Building  (post-office,  cus- 
tom-house, law-courts,  and  internal  revenue  department), 
which  occupies  an  entire  block,  cost  §6,000,000. 

The  county  court-house  and  city  hall  is  a  dual  structure, 
occupying  the  square  bounded  by  Clark,  La  Salle,  Wash- 
ington, and  Randolph  Streets,  with  a  frontage  of  340  feet 
on  the  east  and  west  sides  and  280  feet  on  the  north  and 
south.  It  is  by  far  the  most  massive  and  elaborate  public 
building  in  Chicago,  and  its  style  of  architecture  is  the 
modern  French  Eenaigsance.  The  total  cost  was  nearly 
$6,000,000.  The  corner-stone  of  the  new  criminal  court 
building  was  laid  on  the  site  of  the  old  one,  November  15, 
1892.  The  present  structure  has  a  frontage  of  204  feet  on 
Michigan  Street.  The  county  jail  is  in  the  rear  of  it.  The 
edifice  of  the  Board  of  Trade  is  one  of  the  most  notable 
sights  of  Chicago.  It  is  built  of  granite,  and  is  173  feet 
9  inches  wide,  160  feet  deep,  and,  with  the  tower,  240  feet 
high.  The  floor-surface  of  the  great  trading  hall  is  23,000 
~  luare  feet,  the  walls  SO  feet  high,  and  the  ceiling,  of 
lass,  70  by  80  feet.  The  total  cost  was  about  $1,700,000. 
bcluded  in  the  places  of  amusement  are  30  theatres,  8 
lusic-halls,  and  several  museums,  with  numerous  clubs 
id  literary  and  other  societies. 

One  of  the  principal  causes  of  the  prosperity  and  growth 
F  Chicago  is  its  position  at  the  head  of  the  great  chain  of 
►kes  which  form  the  grandest  medium  of  internal  navi- 
(ition  in  the  world.  It  is  also  the  centre  of  a  railroad 
^stem  embracing  27  leading  trunk  lines,  with  six  union 
lepots.  It  is  the  largest  primary  grain,  live-stock,  pork- 
icking,  and  lumber  market  in  the  world.  The  imports  into 
licago  during  1892  make  a  total  in  value  of  $17,388,496, 
iid  the  amount  of  duties  collected  was  $7,490,578.91. 
The  first  shipment  of  wheat  was  made  from  Chicago  in 
B89,  and  amounted  to  but  1678  bushels.  In  1892  the  re- 
eipts  of  grain  of  all  kinds  (including  flour  calculated  in 
ishels)  were  255,832,554  bushels,  while  the  shipments 
fere  216,182,008  bushels.  As  a  further  criterion  for  esti- 
jating  the  expansion  of  the  grain-trade,  it  may  be  noted 
bat  in  1857  the  total  capacity  of  the  grain-elevators  was 
^095,000  bushels,  in  1870  it  was  11,630,000  bushels,  and 
ow  (1892)  it  is  30,075,000  bushels. 

The  receipts  of  live-stock  in  Chicago  for  the  year  1892 
"were  as  follows:  Cattle,  3,511,796;  calves,  197,576;  hogs, 
7,714,435  ;  sheep,  2,145,079 ;  horses,  86,998.  The  shipments 
included  1,121,675  cattle,  2,926,945  hogs,  and  483,368  sheep. 
The  valuation  of  all  the  live-stock  received  aggregated 
$253,836,000.  The  shipments  of  cured  meats  were  372,000 
tons;  canned  meats,  1,428,331  cases;  dressed  beef,  606,172 
tons;  beef,  111,111  packages;  pork,  294,781  barrels;  lard, 
199,457  tons.  The  receipts  of  lumber  were  2,203,874,000 
feet,  and  the  sales  and  shipments  2,300,000,000  feet.  The 
total  value  of  all  produce  received  is  estimated  at  $507,- 
000,000,  the  wholesale  business  at  $574,016,000,  and  the 
product  of  manufactures  at  $586,335,800.  The  bank  clear- 
ings for  1892  were  $5,135,771,186,  against  $4,456,885,230 
in  1891.  The  Union  stock-yards,  in  the  southwestern 
portion  of  the  city,  is  the  largest  live-stock  market  in 
the  world,  covering  400  acres  of  land  and  costing  over 
$3,500,000.     rt  was  established  in  1866. 

The  greatest  event  in  the  history  of  Chicago  was  the 
Great  Fire,  as  it  is  termed,  which  broke  out  on  the  evening 
of  October  8,  1871.  The  total  area  of  the  land  burned 
over  was  2100  acres.  Nearly  20,000  buildings  were  con- 
sumed. The  lives  lost  were  200,  and  the  grand  total  of 
values  destroyed  is  estimated  at  $200,000,000.  This  was 
followed,  July  14,  1874,  by  another  conflagration,  in  which 
600  houses  were  devoured,  the  loss  aggregating  $4,000,000. 
A  meeting  of  anarchists  was  held  in  the  Haymarket  on 
May  4,  1886,  at  which  8  policemen  were  killed  and  60 
wounded  by  a  dynamite  bomb.  Four  anarchists  suffered 
the  penalty  of  death  for  the  crime,  November  11, 1887,  and 
three  others  were  imprisoned. 

The  buildings  for  the  World's  Fair  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion, occupying,  with  the  grounds,  664  acres  in  Jaokson 
Park  and  Midway  Plaisance,  were  dedicated  October  12, 
1892,  and  opened  to  the  public  on  May  1,  1893. 

Chicago,   a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
56 


Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <k  Nashville  Railroad, 
55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  200. 

Chicago,  a  post-village  of  Huron  oo.,  0.,  in  New  Haven 
township,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lake  Erie  division,  28 
miles  S.  of  Sandusky,  and  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  TifiBn.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  round-house  and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1299. 

Chicago,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dawson  co.,  Texas,  on 
Sulphur  Creek,  about  45  miles  K.W.  of  Big  Springs. 

Chicago  Junction,  a  station  in  Alcona  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Au  Sable  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad. 

Chicago  Lawn,  a  post-suburb  of  Chicago,  Cook  co., 
111.,  now  included  in  the  limits  of  the  city.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  brick. 
It  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.     Pop.  2000. 

Chicago  Park,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal. 

Chicago  River,  Illinois,  a  small  stream  which  runs 
through  the  city  of  Chicago  into  Lake  Michigan.  It  is 
formed  by  the  North  and  South  Branches,  which  unite  near 
the  middle  of  the  city,  or  about  I  mile  from  the  lake.  It 
has  been  widened  and  deepened  so  that  it  is  navigable  by 
vessels  of  500  tons.  A  connection  has  been  opened  between 
the  South  Branch  and  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  so 
that  the  current  is  reversed,  and  water  from  the  lake  flows 
through  the  river  into  the  canal,  and  thence  through  the 
Illinois  River  into  the  Mississippi. 

Chicapa,  che-ki'pi,  a  river  of  Mexico,  falls  into  a 
lagoon  communicating  with  the  Gulf  of  Tehuantepec,  afte» 
a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Chicapa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Oajaoa,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Tehuantepec,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name.  In  its 
environs  are  silver-mines,  at  one  time  important. 

Chich'agoff  Harbor,  a  port  in  the  island  of  Attoo, 
Alaska.     Lat.  52°  55'  42"  N. ;  Ion.  186°  47'  18"  W. 

Chichagoff  Island,  one  of  the  northernmost  and 
largest  of  the  Alexander  Islands,  Alaska. 

Chichen,  che-ch§n',  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan, 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid,  with  the  remains  of  an 
ancient  Indian  city,  comprising  a  vast  ruined  building,  450 
feet  in  length,  a  pyramid  550  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  a 
remarkable  domed  edifice,  the  "house  of  the  caziques," 
ornamented  with  elaborate  sculptures. 

Chicherowly,  chitch^§r-6w'lee,  a  town  of  North  Hin- 
dostan,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seharunpoor. 

Chichest-er,  chitch'^s-t^r  (anc.  Reg'num),  a  city  of 
England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Sussex,  14i  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth,  and  28i  miles  W.  of  Brighton.  It 
stands  between  the  Southdown  Hills  and  the  sea,  and  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  now  formed  into  terraces  with  walks  and 
shaded  by  elm-trees.  It  is  neatly  built,  clean,  well  paved, 
drained,  and  lighted,  and  intersected  by  4  principal  thor- 
oughfares, meeting  in  the  centre  of  the  city,  where  there  ii 
an  elegant  octagonal  cross,  erected  in  1478,  The  cathedral, 
though  not  large,  is  a  well-proportioned  and  handsome  edi- 
fice, mostly  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries,  4 10 
feet  in  length  and  227  feet  in  extreme  breadth,  with  a 
spire  300  feet  in  height.  In  its  interior  are  a  richly-adorned 
choir,  portraits  of  all  the  sovereigns  of  England  from  the 
time  of  the  Conquest,  with  other  historical  paintings,  and 
numerous  monuments,  including  some  fine  works  of  art  by 
Flaxman.  S.  of  the  cathedral  is  a  quadrangle  enclosed  by 
cloisters,  and  near  it  is  the  bishop's  palace.  The  church  of 
St.  Paul's  is  a  handsome  modern  building.  The  guild  hall 
is  a  portion  of  an  ancient  friary.  The  other  principal  edi- 
fices are  the  market-  and  council-houses,  corn  exchange,  jail, 
buildings  of  the  mechanics'  institute  and  literary  and  philo- 
sophical society,  the  theatre,  the  hospital,  and  the  infirmary, 
a  handsome  structure  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  city,  near 
which  is  a  suburb  named  Summerstown.  Chichester  has  a 
grammar-school,  blue-coat,  national,  and  other  schools,  and 
a  divinity  college.  It  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a 
canal.  Originally  the  town  was  a  Roman  station.  The 
name  is  said  to  be  a  contraction  of  Cisanceaster,  the  castle 
of  Gisaa,  an  Anglo-Saxon  chief,  who  repaired  it,  after  a 
siege,  A.D.  491,  by  the  South  Saxons,  under  Ella;  and 
thenceforth  it  remained  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Sus- 
sex till  its  conquest  by  the  West  Saxons.  Various  Roman 
remains,  with  inscriptions,  have  been  discovered  in  the  city 
and  vicinity.     Pop.  7825. 

Chich'ester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Chichester  township,  on  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Suncook  River.     Pop.  871. 

Chich'ester,  a  post-village  in  PontiM  eo.,  Qu«bee,  09^ 


CHI 


874 


CHI 


the  Ottawa,  opposite  Allumette  Island,  9  miles  from  Pem- 
broke. It  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw -mill,  and  has  a  large 
lumber-trade.     Pop.  of  parish,  598. 

Chichester  Harbor,  2  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Chi- 
chester, is  an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  between  the  pen- 
insula uf  Selsea  and  Hayling  Island. 

Chichia,  or  Cicia,  chee'che-i,  one  of  the  Feejee 
Islands.  Lat.  (S.W.  point)  17°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  18'  W. 
It  is  nearly  circular,  and  is  3  miles  in  diameter. 

Chickahominy  (chik-a-hom'§-ne)  River,  Virginia, 
rises  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,  runs  southeastward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Henrico  and  Charles 
City  on  the  right,  and  Hanover,  New  Kent,  and  James  City 
on  the  left,  and  enters  the  James  River  about  22  miles  below 
City  Point.  Length,  about  90  miles.  Large  swamps  occur 
between  this  river  and  Richmond,  which  is  only  6  miles  dis- 
tant from  the  nearest  part  of  it.  The  battles  of  Pair  Oaks, 
Mechanicsville,  Gaines  Mill,  and  AVhite  Oak  Bridge  were 
fought  near  this  river  in  June,  1862. 

Chickamauga,  cbik-^-maw'ga,  a  post- village  of 
Walker  co.,  Ga.,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  La  Fayette,  and  13 
miles  S.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  200. 

Chickamanga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  1 2  miles  E.  of  Chat- 
tanooga.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  200. 

Chickamauga  Creek  rises  in  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  near 
the  base  of  Missionary  Ridge.  It  runs  northeastward  and 
northward,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  in  Tennessee, 
about  6  miles  above  Chattanooga.  On  the  banks  of  this 
stream  in  Georgia  a  battle  was  fought  between  General 
Rosecrans  and  General  Bragg,  September  19  and  20,  1863, 
resulting  in  the  retreat  of  the  Union  Army. 

Chick'aming,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  about 
18  miles  W.  of  Niles,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan. Lumber  and  firewood  are  exported  from  the  town- 
ship.    Pop.  964. 

Chick'asaw,  a  county  in  the  N.E,  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  504  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wap- 
sipinicon  River  and  Crane  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Cedar  River  and  several  branches  of  the  Wapsipinicon. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  por- 
tion of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  lime- 
stoue  is  found  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &,  St.  Paul  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas 
City  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through  New  Hampton, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,180 ;  in  1880, 
14,534;  in  1890,  15,019. 

Chickasaw,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Yalobusha  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  several  affluents 
of  the  Tombigbee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  The  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  touches  the  E.  part 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Houston.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,899; 
in  1880,  17,905;  in  1890,  19,891. 

Chickasaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  luka,  Miss.  It  has  2 
ohurcbes. 

Chickasaw,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Little  Cedar  River,  2  miles  from  Chickasaw  Station  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Charles  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chickasaw,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  8 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Celina.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  tile.     Pop.  about  250. 

Chickasaw  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  westward  throu:'-i 
Marengo  co.,  and  enters  the  Tombigbee  River. 

Chickasaw  Creek,  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  enters  the  Mo- 
bile River  about  5  miles  above  the  city  of  Mobile. 

Chickasawha  or  Chickasaha  (chik-a-saw'wa) 
River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Kemper  co.,  runs  southward, 
intersects  Lauderdale,  Clai-ke,  and  Wayne  cos.,  and  unites 
with  the  Leaf  River  in  Greene  co.  to  form  the  Pascagoula 
River.     It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Chickasaw  Indians,  a  tribe  formerly  inhabiting  the 
northern  portions  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama,  but  now  oc- 
cupying a  part  of  the  Indian  Territory.  They  are  well 
advanced  in  civilization,  and  are  allied  in  stock  to  the 
Creeks.     Pop.  6000. 

Chickies,  or  Chiques,  ohik'Iz,  a  post-village  of 
Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  East  Donegal  and  West  Hempfield 
townships,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  a  rolling-mill,  2  grist-mills,  and  sev- 
•ral  iron-smelting  furnaces. 


Chicklee,  or  Chickly,  chik'Ie,  a  town  of  Berar, 
British  India.     Lat.  20°  17'  N.;  Ion.  76°  21'  E.     P.  3474. 

Chickoo'ry,  or  Chiko'ri,  a  town  of  Belgaum  district, 
India,  217  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay.     Pop.  6591. 

Chick's  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Greenville  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville,  and  i  mile 
from  Taylor's  Station  of  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line 
Railroad.  Here  are  valuable  iron  and  sulphureous  min- 
eral waters.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1226. 

Chiclana,  che-kl3,'n8,,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Cadiz.  It  has  numerous  country-houses  of  inhabitants 
of  Cadiz,  and  near  it  is  a  ruined  Moorish  castle. 

Chiciayo,  che-kli'o,  a  citj'  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Lambayeque  and  the  province  of  Chiciayo,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  the  port  of  Eten,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  railway.  It  has  a  college,  a  theatre,  a  handsome 
plaza,  a  town  hall,  barracks,  jail,  distilleries,  rice-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  soap,  ice,  leather,  ale,  Ac.     Pop.  14,000. 

Chico,  chee'ko,  a  river  of  Patagonia,  supposed  to  rise 
in  a  lake  in  the  interior,  falls  into  the  estuary  of  Santa  Cruz. 

Chico,  chee'ko,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  96  miles  N. 
of  Sacramento,  and  on  Chico  Creek,  6  miles  E.  of  the  Sac- 
ramento River.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches,  a  graded  and 
a  state  normal  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  soap,  ploughs,  sash,  doors, 
Ac.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2894. 

Chico,  a  station  in  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 

Chico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Montana,  about  28 
miles  S.  of  Livingston.     Pop.  100. 

Chico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  14  miles  W.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  323. 

Chico,  a  post-village  of  Kitsap  co.,  Washington,  6  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Port  Madison.     Pop.  100. 

Chicoana,  che-ko-&'n&,  or  Chicuana,  che-koo-&'n&, 
a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  a  desert,  25  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Salta,  on  the  Quebrada  del  Toro.     Pop.  2000. 

Chicobea,  che-ko-b4'&,  written  also  Cikobia,  and 
Tsikombia,  the  northernmost  of  the  Feejee  Islands. 
Lat.  15°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  51'  W.     It  is  3  miles  long. 

Chicopee,  chik'o-pe,  a  post-village  constituting  part 
of  Chicopee  city,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chicopee, 
and  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Chicopee  Falls  Branch,  4  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  7  churches,  a  convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Mary,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  statuary,  cutlery,  locks,  bi- 
cycles, and  machinery.  Here  are  the  cotton-mills  of  the 
Dwight  Company,  which  has  a  capital  of  $2,000,000  and 
employs  2000  operatives.     Pop.  7000;  of  the  city,  14,050. 

Chicopee  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Chicopee  River,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  2  miles  B.  of  Chicopee.  The  river  here  affords  exten- 
sive water-power,  which  is  employed  in  4  cotton -mills. 
This  village  has  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  bicycle- 
factory,  2  knitting-factories,  a  truss-factory,  5  churches, 
and  also  manufactories  of  farming  implements,  guns,  pistols, 
knitting-machines,  Ac.     Pop.  3465. 

Chicopee  Junction,  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  is  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  the  village  of  Chicopee,  where  the 
Chicopee  Falls  Branch  joins  the  main  line  of  the  Connec- 
ticut River  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Chicopee  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Worcester 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  in 
Hampden  co.,  4  miles  above  Springfield.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  70  miles.     It  affords  extensive  water-power. 

Chicosa,  che-ko'sa,  a  station  in  Las  Animas  co..  Col., 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  79  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Chico  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico, 
65  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col. 

Chicot,  shee'ko,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  the  Bayou 
Bartholomew  touches  its  western  border.  The  surface  is 
level  and  partly  subject  to  inundation ;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
A  large  part  of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
cypress,  ash,  oak,  Ac.  The  county  is  traversed  in  the  ex- 
treme N.  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern 
Railroad,  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  skirts  its  N.W. 
boundary.  Capital,  Lake  Village.  Pop.  in  1870,  7214;  in 
1880,  10,117;  in  1890,  11,419. 

Chicot,  a  village  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Arkansas  City. 


I 


CHI 


875 


CHI 


Chirontimi)  shee^kooHee'mee',  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises 
in  several  lakes  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  and,  flowing  S.W.,  falls 
into  the  Saguenay.  Its  navigation  is  prevented  by  falls 
and  rapids,  and  its  scenery  is  very  picturesque.  At  its 
mouth  18  a  lumbering-station  where  large  ships  can  load. 

Chicoutimi)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Quebec, 
having  the  height  of  land  dividing  the  waters  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  Hudson's  Bay  as  its  N.  boundary,  and  the 
48th  parallel  of  latitude  as  its  S.  Area,  23,760  square 
miles.  This  county  is  drained  by  Lake  St.  John  and  by  a 
number  of  large  rivers,  among  which  are  the  Saguenay,  the 
Peribonea,  the  Mistassini,  and  the  Chicoutimi.  Capital, 
Chicoutimi.     Pop.  17,493. 

Chicoutimi,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Chicoutimi, 
Quebec,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  Saguenay,  75  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  church, 
a  convent,  a  dozen  stores,  and  several  large  mills.  Ships 
load  here  with  timber  direct  for  foreign  ports.     Pop.  1393. 

Chicova,  she-ko'vS.,  a  town  of  Southeastern  Africa,  on 
the  Zambezi,  220  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sena.  It  was  formerly 
celebrated  for  its  silver-mines. 

Chicsoi,  cheek-so'ee,  a  river  of  Guatemala,  forming 
the  head-stream  of  the  IJsumasinta.  It  rises  in  a  moun- 
tain-range about  40  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  flows 
N.W.,  and  enters  the  Mexican  state  of  Chiapa,  where  it 
assumes  the  name  of  Usumasinta.  Total  course  to  the 
Mexican  frontier,  exclusive  of  windings,  150  miles. 

Chicuaua,  Argentine  Republic.     See  Chicoana. 

Chi  em  See,  Kcem  si,  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria,  42 
miles  S.E.  of  Munich.  Length,  12  miles;  breadth,  9  miles. 
It  has  3  small  islands,  receives  the  Achen  and  Prien  Rivers, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  Alz  into  the  Inn. 

Chienne  River,  of  Dakota.     See  Cheyenne  River. 

Chienti,  ke-fin'tee  (anc.  Flu'sor),  a  river  of  Central 
Italy,  in  the  Marches,  enters  the  Adriatic  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Ancona,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  45  miles.  On  its  W. 
bank  is  Tolentino,  near  which  the  Austrians  defeated  the 
troops  under  Murat,  May  4,  1815. 

Chienti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Foggia,  on  the  Adriatic, 
15i  miles  N.W.  of  San  Severe.     Pop.  1376. 

Chieri,  ke-i'ree  (anc.  Carre'a  Poten'tia),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  a  hill,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Turin.  Pop. 
8789.  It  has  several  convents,  and  the  largest  Gothic 
building  in  Piedmont,  the  church  of  Santa  Maria  della 
Scala,  founded  in  1406.  Chieri  was  formerly  fortified,  and 
has  manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Chiers,  she-aiR',  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  Luxem- 
bourg, Belgium,  and  joins  the  Meuse  4  miles  S.  of  Sedan, 
after  a  W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Chiese,  ke-4'si,  or  Chiso,  kee'so  (anc.  Clu'stua),  a 
river  of  the  Tyrol  and  Northern  Italy,  rises  W.  of  Arco,  in 
the  Tyrol,  flows  S.,  forming  the  Lake  of  Idro,  and  joins  the 
Oglio  18  miles  W.  of  Mantua.     Length,  75  miles. 

Chieti,  ke-i'tee  (anc.  Tea'te),  a  city  of  Italy,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Chieti,  near  the  Pescara,  40  miles  E.  of 
Aquila.  Pop.  23,602,  It  is  badly  laid  out,  but  has  some 
good  edifices,  comprising  a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  hand- 
some theatre.  The  adjacent  country  is  pleasant.  Among 
its  antiquities  are  the  remains  of  a  large  theatre,  of  some 
temples,  a  gateway,  and  a  mosaic  pavement.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  bishop.  The  ancient  Teate  was  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant cities  in  this  part  of  Italy.  It  appears  to  have 
been  possessed  for  centuries  by  the  Greeks,  after  which  it 
passed  successively  into  the  hands  of  the  Romans,  Goths, 
Lombards,  Franks,  and  Northmen. 

Chieti,  formerly  Abruzzo  Citeriore,  l-broot'so 
chee-ti^ree-o'ri,  or  Abruzzo  Citra,  chee'trfl,,  a  moun- 
tainous province  of  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic.  Area,  1105 
square  miles.     Capital,  Chieti.     Pop.  339,986. 

Chi^vres,  she-8v'r',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Mons,  on  the  Hunel.  It  has  an  annual  horse 
fair,  and  manufactures  of  cottons  and  pottery.     Pop.  3300. 

Chiftlik,  chiflMeek',  a  village  of  Turkish  Armenia,  84 
miles  W.  of  Erzroom,  at  the  foot  of  a  castle-crowned  height. 
Many  of  its  dwellings  are  caves. 

Chifuncte,  a  river  of  Louisiana.     See  Chefonte. 

ChigUecto  (shig-nfik'to)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Canada, 
between  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  forming  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  Length,  30 
miles ;  average  breadth,  8  miles.     See  Bay  of  Fondy. 

Chignolo,  keen-yo'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  4175. 

Chigonaise  (she^go'naiz')  (or  Ishgonish)  Rivery 
%  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  near  the  head 
of  Cobequid  Bay,  13  miles  from  Truro.     Pop.  450. 

Chigrin,  or  Tchigrin,  che-grin',written  also  Tchigr, 
Tschigirin,  and  Tchiguirin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 


ernment of  Kiev,  on  the  Tiasmin,  21  milea  W.  of  Eriloy. 
Pop.  89P3. 

Chihuahua,  che-wd,'w&,  a  post  mining-camp  of  Sam- 
mit  CO.,  Col.,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Breckenridge.     Pop.  100. 

Chihuahua,  che-wi'wi,  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of 
the  state,  310  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Durango.  Lat.  28«  50'  N. ; 
Ion.  104°  29'  17"  W.  It  is  well  planned,  with  broad  and 
Iclean  streets.  There  is  a  good  water-supply.  The  town 
Ihas  a  noble  church,  a  fine  plaza,  a  mint,  and  a  prison,  and 
is  an  important  centre  of  trade  and  mining  enterprise. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Chihuahua,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
New  Mexico,  and  on  the  E.,  in  part,  by  Texas.  Area, 
83,727  square  miles.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  Mexican 
states  in  area.  It  is  traversed  by  ridges  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  or  Mexican  Cordillera,  and  contains  great  tracts  of 
inarable  land,  but  is  well  adapted  to  stock-raising,  and 
has  much  and  varied  mineral  wealth,  as  yet  imperfectly 
developed.  Silver,  gold,  and  copper  are  leading  produc- 
tions.    Capital,  Chihuahua.     Pop.  225,652. 

Chikadi,  che-ki'de,  a  town  of  the  Belgaum  district, 
British  India.     Pop.  6184. 

Chikaskia,  she-kas'k^-^,  a  township  of  Sumner  co., 
Kansas,  about  120  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia.     Pop.  464. 

Chikiri,  Cheekeeree,  or  Tchikiri,  chee-kee^ree', 
a  river  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  Manchooria,  rises  on  the 
confines  of  Siberia,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  450  miles, 
falls  into  the  Amoor  a  little  above  Saghalin  Oola. 

Chikka  Ballapoor,  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Chikly,  a  town  of  India.     See  Chicklee. 

Chikori,  a  town  of  India.     See  Chickoory. 

Chikotan,  Tchikotan,  chee-ko-t&n', or  Spanberg, 
spin'bJRG,  the  southernmost  of  the  Kooril  Isles.  Lat.  (cen- 
tre) 43°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  146°  43'  30"  E.  It  is  6  miles  long,  by 
as  many  broad. 

Chila,  chee'li,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  in  the  Andes,  and, 
after  a  westerly  course  of  about  105  miles,  falls  into  the 
Pacific  about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Arequipa. 

Chilapa,  che-I&'p&,  and  Chilapilla,  che-l&-peel'y& 
{i.e.,  "  Little  Chilapa"),  two  rivers  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ta- 
basco, and  tributary  to  the  river  Tabasco,  which  they  join 
from  the  E.,  the  former  below  and  the  latter  above  Escobas, 
The  Chilapa  is  less  rapid  than  any  other  affluent  of  the 
Tabasco,  and  at  their  junction  it  has  at  all  seasons  three 
fathoms  of  water. 

Chilapa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  155  miles  S.  of  Mexico. 
It  has  manufactories  of  delft,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Chilaw',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  western  coast,  45 
miles  N.  of  Colombo.  Opposite  to  it  a  pearl-fishery  is  car- 
ried on.     Pop.  3227. 

Chilca,  cheel'ki,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  Pacific,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Lima.     Near  it  are  remains  of  ancient  edifices. 

Chil'dersburg,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala^ 
1  mile  from  the  Coosa  River,  and  14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Talladega.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  several  saw-mills,  and  a  shingle-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  777. 

Child'ress,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Childress  co.,  Tex., 
is  8  miles  S.  of  the  Red  River,  and  106  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Wichita  Falls.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  2  newspaper  ofiices.     Pop.  400. 

Childress,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Christian sburg  Depot. 

Childs,  a  post- hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Childs'town,  a  post-borough  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  .30 
miles  N.  of  Yankton. 

Childs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.O.,  23  miles 
N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Chile,  a  country  of  South  America.     See  Chili. 

Chilecito,  che-li-see'to,  a  village  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  and  45  miles  W.  of  Rioja,  in  the  Fama- 
tina  Valley.     Lat.  28°  50'  S.;  Ion.  68°  30'  W. 

Chilesburg,  chllz'bilrg,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo., 
Ky.,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lexington. 

Chilesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  oo.,  Va.,  about 
38  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

ChiPhow'ee,  a  mountain-ridge  of  Blonnt  cc.  East 
Tennessee,  about  30  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Knoxville. 
Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

Chilhowee,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Holden,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas 
City.     Coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  185;  of  township,  1632. 

Chilhoweo,  a  post-office  and  valley  of  Blount  co., 
Tenn.,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Knoxville.  The  valley  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Little  Tennessee  River.  Copper,  iron,  and 
lead  are  said  to  be  found  near  it. 


CHI 


876 


CHI 


Chili*  chil'lee  (Sp.  Chile,  chee'Ii),  a  republic  of  South 
America,  bounded  E.  by  ranges  of  the  Andes,  and  W.  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  extends  N.  and  S.  from  the  Peruvian 
frontier  to  Cape  Horn, — having  a  length  of  2600  miles,  while 
the  breadth  varies  from  40  to  200  miles.  In  the  southern  or 
Patagonian  region  its  boundaries  were  defined  by  the  treaty 
of  1881  with  the  Argentine  Republic,  the  latter  retaining  all 
of  Patagonia  except  a  small  strip  on  the  west  coast, — which 
was  ceded  to  Chili,  together  with  the  Strait  of  Magellan  and 
all  of  Terra  del  Fuego  except  the  eastern  part.  The  republic 
is  divided  into  24  provinces  and  territories,  with  the  fol- 
lowing approximate  area  and  population,  as  officially  esti- 
mated  in  1891 : 


ProTinces  and  Territories. 


Aconcagua ., 
Antofagasta 

Arauco 

Atacama 

Bio-Bio 

Cautin 

Chiloe 

Colchagua... 
Concepcion .. 
Coquimbo ... 

Curico 

LinAres 

Llanquihue 
Magallanes.. 

Malleco 

Maule 

Nuble 

O'Uiggins ... 

Santiago 

Tacna 

Talca 

Tarapaca 

Yaldivia 

Valparaiso ... 

Total.. 


Area  in 
square  miles. 


6,840 

60,968 
4,248 

43,180 
4,168 
3,126 
3,996 
3,795 
3,536 

12,905 
2,913 
3,488 
7,823 

75.292 
2,856 
2,930 
3,556 
2,524 
6,223 
8,685 
3,678 

19,300 
8,315 
1,637 


293,970 


Population. 


166,636 

35,317 

77,667 

67,205 

122,729 

36,982 

'78,622 

160,123 

218,815 

189,524 

104,182 

115,646 

72,426 

2,873 

63,329 

127,650 

157,34'J 

92.892 

378,781 

30,998 

140,734 

47,313 

70,064 

218,990 


2,766,747 


Face  of  the  Country,  ibe. — Chili  proper  is  traversed  from 
N.  to  S.  by  ranges  of  the  Andes,  of  which  there  are  within 
its  limits  two  principal  parallel  chains  or  Cordilleras,  en- 
closing a  table-land  of  considerable  breadth  at  some  places, 
but  narrowing  northward  and  southward  until  its  bounding 
ranges  unite.  The  Chilian  Andes  have  a  mean  height  of 
11,830  feet,  their  culminating  point,  Aconcagua,  being  the 
highest  mountain  in  the  western  hemisphere.  South  of 
Chiloe  the  mountains  abut  directly  upon  the  sea,  and  are 
cut  by  very  deep  and  extensive  fiords,  at  whose  heads  gla- 
ciers are  often  found;  but  northward  the  coast-line  is  so 
much  less  broken  that  good  natural  harbors  are  wanting, 
and  here  a  large  part  of  the  coast-region  is  not  much  ele- 
vated above  the  sea-level.  There  are  23  volcanoes  enumer- 
ated in  Chili,  of  which,  however,  only  a  few  are  often  in 
action.  Earthquake  shocks  are  very  frequent,  but  destruc- 
tive earthquakes  are  of  rare  occurrence.  There  are  some  25 
rivers  of  a  length  exceeding  100  miles.  Of  these,  the  Bio- 
bio,  300  miles  long,  is  the  largest  and  longest.  There  are 
many  lakes  in  the  southern  provinces.  The  coast  S.  of 
41"  46'  S.  lat.  is  flanked  by  innumerable  islands,  of  which 
Chiloe  is  the  northernmost  and  by  far  the  most  important. 
At  a  distance  of  360  miles  from  the  mainland  lies  the  in- 
teresting island  of  Juan  Fernandez,  with  its  sister  isle  Mas- 
&-Fuera,  both  Chilian  possessions. 

Climate  and  Productions. — From  the  tropical  heat  of  the 
rainless  desert  of  Atacama  to  the  perpetual  winter  of  Cape 
Horn,  every  variety  of  climate  is  found  in  Chili.  In  the  N. 
the  climate  of  the  coast  is  subtropical ;  but  in  the  interior 
J,he  mountains  tower  far  above  the  snow-line,  and  from 
them  flow  torrents  which  to  some  extent  compensate  for  the 
lack  of  rain.  Southward  of  Chiloe  the  climate  is  excessively 
wet.  The  territory  of  Magallanes  is  too  wet  for  the  growth 
of  cereals,  but  root-crops  and  garden-products  thrive  to  per- 
rection.  Chiloe,  Llanquihue,  Valdivia,  and  Arauco  have 
the  climate  of  Great  Britain,  without  its  faults.  The  crops 
are  those  of  the  temperate  zone  generally.  In  the  N.  agri- 
culture is  only  practised  where  irrigation  can  be  eflFected. 
Live-stock  and  alfalfa  hay   are  exported  from  the  north, 

Eotatoes,  flax,  rye,  barley,  honey,  wax,  jerked  beef,  leather, 
ides,  fruit,  flour,  walnuts,  and  wheat  from  the  central 
part,  and  timber,  potatoes,  apples,  Ac,  from  the  southern 
provinces.  Of  a  hundred  species  of  native  trees  all  but  13 
are  evergreen.  The  Fitzroya  Patagonica,  called  cedar,  is  the 
principal  timber  tree.  Other  noteworthy  trees  are  the  Arau- 
eanian  pine;  the  Fagua  o&^tgua,  a  beech,  h^re. miscalled  oak 


(roble) ;  and  the  quillaya,  whose  detergent  bark  is  not  on- 
known  in  commerce. 

The  animals  include  the  puma,  vicuna,  guanaco,  chin- 
chilla, otter,  and  fox,  with  many  species  of  birds,  among 
which  are  the  condor,  penguin,  and  American  ostrich. 
Chili  has  no  venomous  reptiles. 

The  mineral  wealth  is  very  great.  Gold  is  not  at  present 
largely  mined,  except  in  connection  with  other  metals.  The 
silver  product,  chiefly  from  the  Jurassic  strata  of  the  north, 
is  very  large.  Rich  copper  ores  are  widely  distributed  and 
extensively  wrought.  Some  cobalt  and  nickel  are  mined. 
Zinc,  iron,  bismuth,  mercury,  alabaster,  and  lapis  lazuli  are 
also  found.  Saliter  or  cubic  nitre  and  crude  borax  are  abun- 
dant in  the  extreme  north.  Southward  from  lat.  36°  60' 
S.  coal  is  very  abundant.  It  is  largely  wrought,  being  a 
good  steam-coal  and  very  serviceable  in  smelting-works, 
though  classed  as  a  lignite  of  tertiary  origin.  Copper  ores 
are  largely  shipped  to  Europe,  but  silver  and  copper  also 
are  now  extensively  reduced  in  Chili. 

Manufactures  (other  than  the  smelting  of  ores  and  the 
production  of  leather,  soap,  flour,  and  the  like)  are  not  ex- 
tensive, but  have  received  considerable  attention  of  lat« 
There  were  in  1891,  1748  miles  of  railway  in  operation. 
The  commerce  of  Chili  with  Great  Britain,  France,  Ger- 
many, and  the  United  States  is  large. 

The  population  of  Chili  is  chiefly  of  Spanish  descent,  and 
the  Spanish  language  everywhere  prevails.  The  Roman 
Catholic  church  is  sustained  at  public  cost,  but  other 
churches  are  tolerated.  There  is  a  system  of  public 
schools,  with  a  national  university  at  Santiago.  Daily 
and  weekly  newspapers  are  published  in  almost  every 
large  town.  Chili  is  considered  the  most  prosperous  of  the 
South  American  countries,  and  is  certainly  the  most  favored 
in  natural  resources,  but  life  and  property  are  notoriously 
insecure.  The  property-holding  class  is  wealthy  and  aris- 
tocratic, and  the  laboring  people  are  oppressed  and  ill  paid. 
In  the  southern  central  provinces  there  are  many  German, 
French,  English,  and  some  American  colonists.  A  most 
interesting  people  of  Southern  Chili  proper  are  the  Indians 
of  Araucania.     See  Akaucania. 

Chi-Liiy  a  province  of  China.     See  Pe-Chee-Lee. 

Chili,  chi'li  or  chil'le,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co., 
111.,  in  Chili  township,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1601. 

Chili,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in  Richland 
township,  on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 

Chili  (local  pron.  chl'li),  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester,  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Genesee  River.  It  contains  hamlets  named  Chili 
Centre,  Clifton,  and  North  Chili.  Chili  Station  is  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  59  miles  from  Bufiialo.  Pop. 
2287. 

Chili,  chil'le,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
Crawford  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Coshocton.  It  hw 
several  churches. 

Chili  (chi'li)  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Chili  township,  3  miles  from  Chili  Station.  It  has  n 
church. 

Chili  (chi'li)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Rochester. 

Chilicothe.    See  Chillicothe. 

Chilka,  a  river  of  Eastern  Asia.     See  Shilka. 

Chil'ka  Lake,  a  lagoon  of  India,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Orissa,  and  on  the  boundary  of  the  Madras  presidency. 
In  the  rainy  season  it  is  fresh,  with  an  area  of  450  square 
miles ;  but  in  the  dry  season  the  sea-water  flows  in  ;  for  it 
is  separated  from  the  Bay  of  Bengal  by  a  mere  ridge  of 
sand.  Its  low-water  area  is  344  square  miles,  and  its  max 
imum  depth  at  this  stage  is  about  6  feet.  Length,  44  miles. 
It  contains  some  inhabited  islands,  and  its  W.  shore  is  moun- 
tainous. Its  banks  are  studded  with  hamlets,  whose  inhab- 
itants are  employed  in  extensive  salt-works. 

ChiPke'ah,  a  town  of  India,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bareilly,  and  a  principal  mart  of  the  trade  between  the 
British  territory  and  Kumaon,  Thibet,  &c. 

Chiriambaram',  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Camatic, 
on  the  sea-coast,  36  miles  S.  of  Pondicherry.  In  the  vicin- 
ity are  extensive  ancient  Hindoo  temples. 

Chilian,  cheel-yin',  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Nuble,  112  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Talcaguana. 
Another  railway  connects  it  with  Curico.  It  is  a  thriving 
place,  with  wide  streets  and  adobe  houses  built  low  on  ac- 
count of  the  prevalence  of  earthquakes.  It  has  a  trade  in 
cattle,  grain,  and  hand-made  lace.     Pop.  (1891)  60^,767. 


IK... 


CHI 


CM- 


CHI 


Chillicothe,  chil-le-k6th'ee,  a  post-village  of  Chilli- 
tothe  township,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  River,  at  the 
head  of  Peoria  Lake,  and  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E. 

I  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  high  school,  a  hank,  3  churches,  man- 
nfactures  of  carriages  and  flour,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
grain.     A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  about 
1200;  of  the  township,  1486. 
•    Chillicothe,  Vermilion  co.,  111.     See  IndianolA. 
L  Chillicothe,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Cass  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  211. 
Chillicothe,  a  city  of  Missouri,  and  the  capital  of  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  is  76  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  130  miles  W.  of 
Hannibal,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about  3  miles 
"~.E.  of  Grand  River.     It  is  on  the  Hannibal  <fc  St.  Joseph 
ailroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Chillicothe  <$;  Omaha 
ranch  Railroad,  the  Brunswick  &  Chillicothe  Railroad, 
>nd  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.     It  is 
Ihe  largest  town  on  the  railroad  between  Hannibal  and  St. 
"oseph.     It  has  4  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  an  academy, 
normal  school,  a  convent,  10  churches,  3  flour-mills,  2 
laning-mills,  a  machine-shop,  &c.     Coal   abounds   here, 
■■op.  in  1890,  5717. 
Chillicothe,  a  city  of  Ohio,  and  the  capital  of  Ross  cO., 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scioto  River, 
.nd  on  the  N.  bank  of  Paint  Creek,  which  enters  the  river 
out  3  miles  below  this  city.     It  is  also  on  the  Ohio  Canal 
.nd  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  and  Scioto  Valley  Railroads, 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  100  miles  W.  of  Marietta, 
,nd  50  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Columbus.     Its  site  is  a  fertile 
Jain  or  valley  bounded  by  verdant  hills  about  500  feet 
igh.     It  has  wide  streets  which  cross  one  another  at  right 
gles  and  are  lighted  with  gas.     It  contains  a  handsome 
ne  court-house,  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
national  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  5  weekly 
ifewspapers.     Here  are  manufactures  of  carriages,  paper, 
ton,  leather,  farming-implements,  machinery,  &c.     Chilli- 
Sthe  was  the  capital  of  the  state  from  1 800  to  1810.  P.  1 1,288. 
Chillicothe,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tex.,  13 
iles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Quanah.     It  has  3   churches,  a 
ewspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  200. 
Chillisquaqne,  chiPis-kwa'v'k?,  a  post-township  of 
orthuipberland  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  West 
ranch  of  the  Susquehanna  River.     It  has  a  station,  and 
anufaotures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1607. 
Chillisqaaqne    Creek,    Pennsylvania,    runs   south- 
westward  through  Montour  and  Northumberland  cos.,  and 
enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River  about  3 
miles  below  Lewisburg. 

Chillon,  cheel-yon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  56 
miles  S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2400. 

Chillon,  chil'l9n  (Fr.  pron.  shee^y6N»')»  *  castle  or 

fortress  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  6  miles  S.E.  of 

evay,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  on  an 

lolated  rock,  surrounded  by  deep  water  and  connected  with 

;he  mainland  by  a  wooden  bridge.     It  was  built  by  Amadeus 

of  Savoy,  in  1238,  and  was  long  a  state  prison,  but  is 

iow  an  arsenal.     Bonnivard,  prior  of  St.  Victor,  was  con- 

ined  here  from  1530  to  1536,  and  the  place  has  been  ren- 

ered  famous  by  Byron's  "  Prisoner  of  Chillon." 

Chil'mark,  a  post-township  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  is  in 

e  S.W.  part  of  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard.     It  is 

ashed  by  the  ocean  on  all  sides  except  the  E.     It  has  2 

ihurches  and  a  brick-kiln.     Pop.  476. 

Chilmary,  chil-ml'ree  (Hindoo,  Chalamari),  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Rungpoor,  on  the 
Brahmapootra,  has  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  jute. 

Chilo,  shi'l5,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  above 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  160. 

Chiioe,  cheel-o-&'  (almost  chil-way'),  an  island  o^  South 
America,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Chili,  to  which  it  belongs, 
forming  part  of  a  province  of  its  own  name.  It  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  the  Gulf  of  Ancud,  and  by  a  strait 
not  more  than  a  mile  in  width.  It  is  120  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  about  50  in  breadth  at  the  widest  part ; 
but  in  its  centre  its  breadth  is  little  more  than  15  miles. 
It  is  mountainous  and  covered  with  forests.  The  W.  shores 
are  composed  of  rocky  masses  rising  abruptly  from  the 
ocean  to  the  height  of  from  1500  to  3000  feet ;  the  E.  shores 
are  of  moderate  elevation.  Capital,  Ancud.  The  climate 
is  temperate,  but  exceedingly  moist ;  the  soil  is  a  rich  sandy 
loam.     The  chief  products  are  wheat,  barley,  potatoes,  ap- 

Kles,  and  strawberries.   Cattle,  sheep^  and  swine  are  reared, 
[uch  timber  is  exported.     The  pbtilto  is  here  indigenous. 


Coal-beds  of  value  exist.  The  shores  produce  abundance  of 
shell-fish,  which  form  a  principal  part  of  the  food  of  the  in- 
habitants. The  population  consists  of  natives,  originally 
of  Spanish  descent,  and  aboriginal  Indians,  but  the  great 
bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  of  a  mixed  breed.  The  island 
was  discovered  by  the  Spaniards  in  1558.  Castro,  the  ancient 
capital,  was  founded  in  1566.  The  Chiioe  Archipelago  con- 
sists of  upwards  of  60  small  islands,  several  of  which  are 
well  cultivated.  Area  of  the  province,  21,230  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1881,  71,388;  in  1889,  76,482. 

Chilon,  che-lSn',  a  village  of  Bolivia,  120  miles  B.W. 
of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Chilpanzingo,  cheel-p8,n-zin'go,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
120  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.     Pop.  2700. 

Chiltepec,  cheel-t4-pfik',  an  arm  of  the  river  Tabasco, 
Mexico,  leaves  the  main  stream  at  San  Juan  Bautista,  and, 
after  a  northern  course  of  60  or  70  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frontera. 

Chil'tern,  a  mining-village  of  Bogong  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  on  Black  Dog  Creek.     Pop.  1212. 

Chil'tern  Hills,  a  range  of  chalk  hills  of  England, 
traversing  the  S.  part  of  the  county  of  Bucks,  and  extend- 
ing from  Goring,  in  Oxfordshire,  to  Tring,  in  the  county  of 
Herts.  Breadth,  from  15  to  20  miles.  Height  of  principal 
summit,  near  Wendover,  905  feet  above  the  sea. 

Chil'ton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Alabama,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Coosa  River.  Indian  corn  and 
cotton  are  its  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
South  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad.  Capital,  Clanton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6194;  in  1880,  10,793;  in  1890,  14,549. 

Chilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Waco,  and  9  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Marlin. 

Chilton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  in 
Chilton  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Manitowoc  River,  and 
on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  79  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It 
has  a  bank,  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  high 
school;  also  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  lumber, 
sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  363 ;  of  the  township,  2093. 

Chil'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
in  Plymouth  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  2  or  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Plymouth. 

Chimalapa,  che-ml-li'pi,  a  village  of  the  republic  of 
Guatemala,  on  the  Motagua,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Guatemala. 
The  Chimalapilla  (che-mi-li-peeryi,  i.e.,  "  Little  Chima- 
lapa") River  is  an  affluent  of  the  Coatzacoalcos,  in  Mexico. 

Chimaltenango,  che-m&l-t&-nd.n'go,  a  town  of  the 
republio  of  Guatemala,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of 
Guatemala.     Pop.  4000. 

Chimanas,  che-m3,'n4s,  a  group  of  islets  off  the  coast 
of  Venezuela,  about  lat.  10°  19'  N.,  Ion.  64°  51'  W. 

Chimapla,  che-mS,'pli,  a  hacienda  of  Mexico,  about 
27  miles  S.E.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Chimara,  or  Chimari,  a  group  of  mountains.    Sea 

ACROCERAUNIAN  MOUNTAINS. 

Chimara,  or  Khimara,  kee-mS,'ri,  a  town  of  Albania, 
on  the  Strait  of  Otranto,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Delvino. 

Chimay,  shee^mi',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Blanche,  and  on  a  railway,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.  It  has 
a  noble  mansion  and  park,  a  college,  iron-works,  and  brew- 
eries, and  valuable  marble-quarries.     Pop.  3002. 

Chimbarongo,  cheem-bi-ron'go,  a  river  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince of  Colchagua,  rises  in  the  Andes,  about  lat.  34°  55'  S., 
flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Tinguiririca,  the  united  stream 
subsequently  joining  the  Rapel  at  lat.  24°  12'  S. 

Chimbo,  cheem'bo,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  the  Chimbo 
River,  in  the  Andes,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Chimborazo,  and 
50  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil.     Pop.  2000. 

Chimborazo,  chim-bo-ri'zo  (Sp.  pron.  cheem-bo-ri'- 
tho),  a  well-known  mountain  of  Ecuador,  90  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Quito,  and  110  miles  from  the  coast.  Lat.  1°  29' 
S. ;  Ion.  79°  5'  W.  It  was  long  believed  to  be  the  highest 
summit  of  the  Andes,  but  is  now  known  to  be  the  sixth 
loftiest  peak.  The  height,  as  reckoned  by  Dr.  Wolf,  is 
20,660  feet,  and  by  Whimper,  20,448  feet  above  sea-level ; 
but  above  the  valley  of  Quito  it  only  rises  11,958  feet,  an 
apparent  height  not  quite  equal  to  that  of  Mont  Blanc  above 
the  valley  of  Chamouni,  and  much  less  than  Ararat  above 
the  plain.  This  vast  mountain,  the  top  of  which  is  cov- 
ered with  perpetual  snow,  presents  a  magnificent  spectacle 
when  seen  from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  It  was  ascended 
in  1802  by  Humboldt  and  Bonpland  to  the  height  of  19,28(» 
feet,  in  1831  by  Boussingault  to  the  height  of  19,689  feet, 
and  in  1880  by  Whimper  to  the  top, 

Chimborazo,  a  province  of  Ecuador,  southward  of  the 
mountain  of  the  same  name.  Area,  5544  square  miles. 
Capital,  Riobamba.     Pop.  110,860. 


OHI 


878 


CHI 


.  Chimbote^  oheem-bo'ti,  a  seaport  of  Peru,  department 
of  Ancachs,  near  lat.  9°  S.,  172  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Huaraz. 
It  has  a  fine  iron  pier  and  a  good  roadstead. 

Chimepanipestick,  sheem-pi-neep-steek',  a  river  of 
Quebec,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  on  the  N.  side, 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Seven  Island  Bay,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  about  100  miles. 

Chimera.    See  Acroceraunian  Mountains. 

Chim'ney  Gulch,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Golden  to  Black  Hawk,  5  miles  W.  of 
Golden. 

Chimney  Island,  an  island  in  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, 5  miles  below  Prescott,  Ontario. 

Chimney  Point,  a  post-office  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  3  miles  from  Port  Henry,  N.Y. 

Chimney  Rock,  a  post-township  of  Rutherford  co., 
N.C.,  20  miles  S.  of  Old  Fort  Railroad  Station.  It  has  5 
churches.     The  surface  is  mountainous.     Pop.  1024. 

Chimney  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis. 

Chimn  ey  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Chimney  Top,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn. 

China.     See  Chinese  Empire. 

Chi'na,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.  Pop.  2351.  It  con- 
tains Franklin  Grove. 

China,  a  post-village  of  China  township,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  is  on  a  lake-of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  an  academy  and  several  churches.  The 
township  has  9  churches ;  also  manufactures  of  cheese,  car- 
riages, boots,  shoes,  ploughs,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile,  ^op. 
of  the  township,  2118. 

China,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  St.  Clair. 

Chinab,  a  river  of  India.     See  Chenaub. 

Chin^achin',  a  large  town  in  Nepaul,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Goggra,  250  miles  W.N.W.  of  Khatmandoo.  It  has 
an  important  trade  in  metals. 

China  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 

China  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Troy.  It  has  3  churches,  a  corn-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  200. 

China  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Holmesville. 

China  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  200. 

China  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  McRae.     It  has  a  church. 

China  Laph,  a  river  of  Algeria.     See  Shelliff. 

Chinandega,  Nicaragua.     See  Chinendega. 

Chin^apatam',  a  town  of  India,  Mysore  dominions, 
35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seringapatam.     Pop.  5000. 

Chi'na  Sea  (Chinese,  Toong-Hai,  "Eastern  Sea;"  Fr. 
Mer  Orieutale,  maiR  o^re-5N"^t4l')  is  that  portion  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean  which  extends  between  China  and  Siam  on 
the  W.,  the  Philippine  Islands  on  the  HI.,  Borneo  on  the  S., 
and  the  island  of  Formosa  on  the  N  It  forms  the  great 
Gulfs  of  Siam  and  Tonquin.  Chief  affluents,  the  Me-Kong, 
Cambodia,  and  Canton  Rivers.  Chief  ports.  Canton,  Manila, 
Saigon,  and  Singapore. 

China  Spring,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex. 

Chincha,  chin'cha  or  cheen'ohi,  a  small  seaport  town 
of  Peru,  department  and  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lima. 

Chinchacocha,  a  lake  of  Peru.     See  Reyes. 

Chincha  Islands,  a  group  of  three  small  islands  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Peru,  about  14  miles  from 
the  shore.  Lat.  13°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  76°  28'  W.  These  islands, 
80  noted  for  their  guano,  have  been  worked  out,  and  no 
longer  afford  that  commodity. 

Chin^chew',  or  Chin^chu',  an  English  name  of  the 
Chinese  ChAvan-ChoAV-Foo,  or  Tswanchowfoo, 
written  by  some  authors  Thsiouan-Cheou-Fou,  and 
Tsiuen-Tchoo,  a  city  and  seaport  of  China,  province  of 
Fo-Kien,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chang-Choo-Foo.  Lat.  24°  57' 
N.;  Ion.  118°  35'  E.  It  is  not  a  treaty-port,  but  is  a  large 
and  populous  walled  town,  with  a  good  trade.  The  Chin- 
chew  of  old  maps  is  identical  with  Chang-Choo-Foo. 

Chinchilla,  chin-cheel'ya  (anc.  Sala'ria),  a  city  of 
Spain,  at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Albacete.  It 
has  an  old  castle,  and  is  surrounded  by  walls.     Pop.  3500. 

Chin^chil'la,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  600. 

Chinchon,  cheen-chon',  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  4605. 

Chin-Choo,  chin^choo',  a  maritime  region  of  China, 
between  lat.  23°  and  26o  N.  and  Ion.  116°  and  119°  E., 
eomprising  parts  of  the  provinces  of  Fo-Kien  and  Quang- 


Tong,  and  inhabited  by  an  industrious  people,  who  man 
most  part  of  the  imperial  and  commercial  navy,  and  are 
particularly  able  as  fishermen,  traders,  and  agriculturists. 
Soil  mostly  sterile;  sugar  and  sweet  potatoes,  raised  by 
much  labor,  are  the  only  exports.  This  circumstance  con- 
tinually causes  large  numbers  to  emigrate. 

Chin-Choo,  chin^choo',  or  Tchin-Tcheou,  chin'- 
che-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ho-Nan,  80  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Kai-Fong. 

Chin-Choo,  or  Tchin-Tcheou,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Hoo-Nan,  on  the  Yuen-Kiang,  110  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo. 

Chin^choor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay, 
18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poonah. 

Chincorro,  or  £1  Chincorro,  £1  cheen-koR'Ro,  a 
reef  off  the  E.  coast  of  Yucatan,  110  miles  S.  of  Cozumel 
Island.    Length,  N.  to  S.,  23  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  9  miles. 

Chincoteague  (ching^ko-teeg' ;  local  pron.  jing-go- 
tlg')  Island,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  is  on  aa 
island  of  its  own  name,  which  is  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  Chincoteague  Sound.  This 
island  has  5  churches  and  a  graded  school,  and  is  famed  for 
its  oysters  and  for  its  breed  of  ponies. 

Chindaree,  India.    See  Chanderee. 

Chindaur,  chin'dSwr,  a  town  of  India,  in  Boglipoor 
district.     Pop.  4630. 

Chindwara,  chind-w&'r&,  written  also  Sindwara 
(native,  Chhmdwara),  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  dis- 
trict, 65  miles  N.  of  Nagpoor.  It  is  a  summer  resort  for 
Europeans.     Pop.  8626. 

Chindwara,  a  district  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British 
India.  Lat.  21°  25'-22°50' N.;  lon.78°-79°  30' E.  Area, 
3852  square  miles.  It  is  a  diversified,  pleasant,  and  fertUe 
region.     Capital,  Chindwara. 

Chine,  or  La  Chine,  the  French  name  of  China. 
See  Chinese  Empire. 

Chinendega,  che-ndn-d&'g&,  two  contiguous  towns  of 
Central  America,  in  Nicaragua.  New  Chinendeaa,  9  miles 
from  Realejo,  is  a  depot  for  the  trade  of  that  port  with 
the  interior,  and  has  from  8000  to  10,000  inhabitants.  It 
stands  in  a  fertile  plain;  its  houses  are  straggling,  and 
many  enclosed  by  gardens  and  plantations.  Old  Chinen- 
dega has  from  3000  to  4000  inhabitants. 

Chi'nese  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
aboiit  50  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  near 
it.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  hotel. 

Chinese  JBmpire,  a  vast  territory  in  Eastern  Asi*, 
comprehending  five  great  divisions  (four  of  which  are  de- 
scribed under  their  heads),  viz.,  1.  Manchooria ;  2.  Mon- 
golia; 3.  Toorkistan;  4.  Thibet;  5.  China  Proper,  or  the 
Nineteen  Provinces,  including  the  two  large  islands  of 
Formosa  and  Haitian,  the  former  being  until  lately  reck- 
oned in  the  province  of  Fo-Kien,  and  the  latter  being  a 
department  of  Quang-Tong.  Corea  also  is  in  some  sense  a 
part  of  the  empire,  being  tributary  to  it,  and  Annam  until 
1874  was  a  tributary  and  nominally  a  vassal  power,  while 
Siam  and'  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  though  independent,  are 
claimed  by  the  Chinese  as  parts  of  their  empire. 

China  (chi'na)  Proper  (anc.  Set'ica,  Taina,  tsee'ni,  and 
Cathay,  k&-th4',  or  KhiUii,  Ke-ti' ;  Chinese,  Choong  Kooe  or 
Choong  JCweh,  choong  kwi,  i.e.,  the  "  middle  kingdom ;"  Fr. 
CAine, sheen;  Ger.  (7/tjno, Kee'nS, ;  Sp.  CAjna, chee'ni;  Dutch 
and  Port.  China,  shee'ni ;  It.  Cina,  chee'ni),  the  S.E.  por- 
tion of  the  Chinese  Empire,  occupying  a  third  of  its  whole 
extent,  lies  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  table-lands  of  Cen- 
tral Asia.  In  form  it  approaches  to  a  square,  covering 
an  area  of  more  than  one  and  a  quarter  million  of  square 
miles,  inhabited  by  more  than  340  millions  of  the  human 
race,  living  under  the  same  government,  ruled  by  the  same 
laws,  speaking  dialects  of  the  same  language,  studjdng  the 
same  literature,  possessing  a  greater  homogeneity,  a  history 
extending  over  a  longer  period,  and  a  more  enduring  na-  ■ 
tional  existence  than  any  other  people  of  ancient  or  modern 
times.  It  is  included  between  18°  and  40°  N.  lat.  (which 
takes  in  the  island  of  Hainan)  and  98°  and  124°  E.  Ion.  Its 
coast-line  exceeds  2500  miles,  and  the  land-frontier  4400 
miles.  A  line  running  direct  north  and  south  would  give 
a  length  of  1474  miles,  and  another,  at  right  angles  to  this, 
1355  miles;  but  one  drawn  diagonally  from  its  northeastern 
extremity  through  Yun-Nan  would  measure  1669  miles. 
The  area  of  China  Proper  is,  according  to  the  latest  in- 
vestigations, 1,313,061  square  miles,  or  less  than  one-third 
of  the  area  of  the  entire  Chinese  Empire.  Its  area  is  also 
less  than  one-half  that  of  the  United  States,  as  given  in 
the  census  of  1890. 

Physical  Feature*. — China  has  a  general  slope  from  the 
mountains  of  Thibet  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.    The  two 


cm 


879 


CHI 


Enncipal  mountain-chains  divide  it  into  three  longitudinal 
asins,  drained  by  great  rivers.  It  may  be  viewed  under 
its  natural  divisions  of  mountainous  country,  hilly  country, 
and  the  Great  Plain.  The  first  comprehends  more  than 
half  the  region  between  the  meridian  of  113°  and  Thibet. 
East  of  this  meridian,  and  to  the  south  of  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang  River,  is  the  hilly  country,  which  includes  the 
provinces  of  Fo-Kien,  Kiang-See,  Quang-Tong,  and  a 
portion  of  Hoo-Nan  and  Hoo-Pe,  while  to  the  northeast 
■tretohes  the  Great  Plain.  This  latter  extends  from  the 
Great  Wall  to  30°  N.  lat. ;  a  line  drawn  from  King-Choo- 
Foo,  in  Hoo-Pe,  to  Hoai-Khing,  on  the  Hoang-Ho,  may  be 
considered  its  western  limit ;  and  the  sea  forms  its  bound- 
ary on  the  east.  This  vast  and  generally  fertile  tract  has 
an  area  of  210,000  square  miles,  and  supports  a  population 
of  177  millions. 

From  the  mountains  of  Thibet  two  grand  ranges  stretch 
across  China,  having  a  general  direction  from  southwest  to 
northeast.  The  more  northerly  of  these,  the  Thsin-Ling  or 
Blue  Mountains,  are  included  between  the  parallels  of  31° 
and  34°.  The  southern  or  Nan-Ling  chain  is  a  spur  of  the 
Himalayas.  Commencing  in  Yun-Nan,  it  bounds  Quang- 
See,  Quang-Tong,  and  Fu-Kien  on  the  north,  and,  passing 
through  the  province  of  Che-Kiang,  where  some  of  its  peaks 
reach  the  height  of  12,000  feet,  enters  the  sea  at  Ning-Po, 
thus  forming  a  continuous  barrier,  penetrated  only  by  a  few 
steep  passes,  of  which  the  Mei-Kwan,  or  Mei  Pass,  is  the  best 
known,  that  separates  the  coast-land  of  Southeastern  China 
from  the  rest  of  the  country.  This  great  chain  throws  off 
numerous  spurs  to  the  south  and  east,  which,  dipping  into 
the  sea,  rise  above  it  as  a  belt  of  rugged  islands  along  the 
southern  half  of  the  Chinese  seaboard.  Of  this  belt  the 
Chusan  Archipelago  is  the  most  northerly  portion. 

The  magnificent  river-system  of  China  is  represented  by 
those  noble  streams  the  Hoang-Ho  or  Yellow  River  and 
the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  which  spring  from  the  same  water- 
shed,— the  eastern  mountains  of  Thibet.  The  former  has 
its  source  in  35J°  N.  lat.  and  about  96°  E.  Ion.,  and,  after 
a  very  tortuous  course,  empties  itself  into  the  Yellow  Sea, 
having  in  1853  altered  its  course  so  that  its  present  mouth  is 
some  hundreds  of  miles  jST.  of  the  former  one.  Such  changes, 
causing  losses  and  entailing  expense,  are  not  unusual ;  and 
hence  this  river  has  been  called  "China's  sorrow."  It  is  a 
turbid  stream  for  the  most  part,  and  little  adapted  for  Chi- 
nese navigation.  But  the  river  most  beloved  by  the  Chinese 
is  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  or  "  son  of  the  ocean,"  which  name 
is  only  applied  to  it  by  the  natives  below  the  commencement 
of  the  delta,  for  above  that  it  is  called  simply  Ta-Kiang, 
or  Great  River.  The  basin  drained  by  it  is  estimated  at 
750,000  square  miles.  Of  the  other  rivers  that  water  the 
country,  the  Pei-Ho  in  the  north  and  the  Canton  in  the 
south  are  the  most  noteworthy. 

The  principal  lakes  of  China  are  five  in  number,  viz.,  the 
Tong-Ting-Hoo,  in  113°  E.  Ion.,  with  a  circumference  of 
about  220  miles;  the  Po-Yang,  in  116°  E.  Ion.,  80  miles 
in  length  by  40  miles  in  breadth ;  the  Hong-Tsin-Hoo,  in 
Kiang-Soo ;  the  Tsau-Hoo,  between  Ngan-King-Foo  and 
Nanking;  and  the  Tai-Hoo,  in  120°  E.  Ion.  On  these  lakes 
artificially  constructed  floating  islands,  with  houses,  fields, 
and  inhabitants,  animals,  and  birds,  are  sometimes  seen. 

The  Grand  Canal  has  very  greatly  facilitated  the  internal 
navigation  of  the  country.  Until  lately  the  great  annual 
grain  fleet,  with  its  430,000  tons  of  rice  for  the  use  of  the 
capital,  passed  from  the  south  to  the  neighborhood  of  Peking 
by  this  great  water-way,  thus  avoiding  the  storms  and  pirates 
of  the  coast ;  but  the  alteration  already  mentioned  in  the 
course  of  the  Hoang-Ho  has  somewhat  diminished  its  use- 
fulness. It  connects  Tien-Tsin  in  Pe-Chee-Lee  with  Hang- 
Chow-Foo  in  Che-Kiang,  though  the  canal  proper  commences 
in  Shan-Toong,  and  its  total  length  is  about  650  miles. 

Another  world-famous  structure  is  the  Great  Wall,  which 
was  built  by  the  first  emperor  of  the  Tsin  dynasty,  about 
220  B.C.,  as  a  protection  against  the  Tartar  tribes.  It  trav- 
erses the  northern  boundary  of  China,  extending  from  3i° 
E.  to  15°  W.  of  Peking,  and  is  carried  over  the  highest 
hills,  through  the  deepest  valleys,  across  rivers  and  every 
other  natural  obstacle.  The  length  of  this  great  barrier  is, 
according  to  M'Culloch,  1250  miles.  Including  a  parapet 
of  5  feet,  the  total  height  of  the  wall  is  20  feet ;  thickness 
at  the  base,  25  feet,  and  at  the  top,  15  feet.  Towers  or 
bastions  occur  at  intervals  of  about  100  yards.  Earth  en- 
closed in  brickwork  forms  the  mass  of  the  wall,  but  for  half 
its  length  it  is  little  else  than  a  heap  of  gravel  and  rubbish. 

Geology. — The  high  lands,  where  are  the  sources  of  the 
great  rivers  of  China,  consist  of  granitic  and  metamorphic 
rocks.  These  are  continued  round  the  south  and  southeast 
of  the  country,  until  they  leave  a  huge  basin,  through  which 


flow  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  and  Hoang-Ho,  occupied  by  fo»- 
siliferous  strata.  The  fossiliferous  strata  exhibit  representa- 
tives of  the  various  formations.  The  Palseozoic  rocks  arc 
but  sparingly  developed  in  a  narrow  strip  which  runs  from 
near  Peking,  in  a  southwesterly  curve,  to  nearly  the  centre 
of  the  empire.  Cretaceous  rocks  occur  in  the  valley  of  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang.  Tertiary  beds  and  loess  formation  oc- 
cupy the  eastern  portion  of  the  immense  basin,  while  ex- 
tensive districts  to  the  west  of  this  region,  extending  to  the 
crystalline  rocks  in  the  extreme  vfest,  are  covered  with 
modem  detritus.  Coal  is  abundant,  and  often  of  excellent 
quality,  though  probably  of  comparatively  late  geologic 
origin.  The  anthracites  of  China  are  plentiful  and  good, 
but  little  wrought.  Mercury  has  been  procured  in  China 
for  many  years.  Though  no  active  volcanoes  are  known 
to  exist,  yet  indications  of  volcanic  action  are  not  wanting. 
Salt  and  hot- water  springs  are  found  in  Yun-Nan,  in  lat. 
25°  35';  and  wells  of  petroleum  in  Shen-See,  lat.  36°  40'. 
Among  the  minerals  of  China  is  jade  or  the  yu-stone,  ob- 
tained chiefly  in  Yun-Nan.  Limestone  and  porcelain  clays 
are  abundant.  Precious  stones  are  met  with  in  some  dis- 
tricts. In  Yun-Nan  gold  is  washed  from  the  sands  of  the 
rivers,  and  in  the  same  province  silver-mines  are  worked. 
All  the  commoner  metals  are  found  abundantly.  Near  the 
city  of  Ning-Po  are  extensive  stone-quarries. 

Vegetable  Productions. — The  tea-plant  (  Thea  viridit  and 
Thea  bohea)  is  the  most  important  vegetable  production  of 
China.  The  tallow-tree  {Stillinyia  sebi/era),  the  Dryandra 
cordata  or  varnish-tree,  the  camphor-tree  {Latirus  Cam- 
phora),  the  Chinese  pine  (Pinus  Sinensis),  the  Chinese 
banyan  (Ficut  nitida),  the  funereal  cypress,  and  the  silk 
mulberry  are  among  the  most  important  trees  of  China. 
The  cocoa-nut  and  other  palms  flourish  on  the  southern 
coast.  Of  the  bamboo,  which  grows  as  far  north  as  lat.  38°, 
there  are  63  principal  varieties ;  and  it  is  said  that  the  bam- 
boos of  China  are  more  valuable  than  her  mines,  and,  next 
to  rice  and  silk,  yield  the  greatest  revenue.  "The  various 
uses  to  which  they  are  applied  are  truly  astonishing.  The 
ramie  plant,  from  which  grass-cloth  is  made,  is  an  impor- 
tant product.  The  fruits  of  both  the  tropical  and  tem- 
perate zones — apples,  grapes,  pomegranates,  mangoes,  pine- 
apples, three  species  of  orange,  the  lichee,  <fec. — are  found  in 
the  country ;  and  camellias,  azaleas,  and  gardenias  are  na- 
tives of  the  "  Flowery  Land."  Agriculture  is  held  in  higher 
estimation  in  China  than  perhaps  in  any  other  country  in  the 
world.  On  the  first  day  of  each  year  a  grand  state  ceremony 
is  performed  in  its  honor.  The  emperor,  accompanied  by 
his  great  officers  of  state,  repairs  to  the  Sacred  Field,  and, 
having  offered  sacrifice  on  an  altar  of  earth,  he  traces  a  fur- 
row with  the  plough,  and  his  example  is  followed  by  princes 
and  ministers.  A  like  solemnity  is  celebrated  by  the  gov- 
ernor of  every  province,  who  represents  the  emperor.  The 
agricultural  system  of  the  Chinese  is  rude  but  effective.  The 
cultivators  of  waste  territories  are  exempted  from  rent,  and 
if  successful  may  have  their  expenses  refunded.  Spade- 
husbandry  and  irrigation  are  carried  on  to  a  great  extent. 
In  the  northern  provinces  the  cereals  are  principally  maize, 
barley,  and  wheat;  but  in  the  south  rice  is  raised  in  vast 
quantities  and  forms  the  staple  food  of  the  people.  To- 
bacco and  the  poppy  are  also  raised.  In  1877-78  the  north- 
ern provinces  were  desolated  by  one  of  the  most  extensive 
and  destructive  famines  ever  known  to  history. 

Animals. — Comparatively  little  is  known  of  the  zoology 
of  China.  Of  the  monkey-tribe  the  most  remarkable  is  the 
Cochin-Chinese  monkey.  Tigers  are  occasionally  found  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  empire,  save  the  most  densely  peo- 
pled  districts.  Wild-cats  are  common  in  the  forests  of  the 
south,  and  bears  are  found  in  the  hills.  Of  the  ruminantia 
there  are  the  musk-deer  {Moschus  moschi/erus)  and  several 
other  species.  The  gold  and  silver  pheasant,  the  argug 
pheasant,  and  other  gallinaceous  birds  hold  a  prominent 
place  in  the  ornithology  of  China.  Water-fowl  inhabit  the 
lakes,  rivers,  and  marshes.  The  larger  reptiles  are  un- 
known ;  but  tortoises  and  turtles  abound  on  the  coast,  and 
lizards  are  plentiful  in  the  south.  The  ichthyology  of  China 
is  one  of  the  richest  in  the  world.  Sharks,  rays,  sturgeons, 
and  other  cartilaginous  fishes  are  common  on  the  coast, 
and  the  carp  formerly  was  very  plentiful  in  the  lakes  and 
rivers.  Locusts  often  commit  extensive  ravages.  Silk  • 
worms  are  highly  valued,  and  reared  in  largo  numbers. 

In  a  country  of  such  vast  extent,  extending  from  18°  to 
40°  N.  lat.,  the  climate  must  vary  greatly.  Indeed,  as  re- 
gards both  climate  and  productions,  China  may  be  divided 
into  three  zones, — the  northern,  the  central,  and  the  southei-n. 
The  northern  zone  extends  to  the  36th  parallel,  and  inoluder 
the  5  provinces  of  Shan-Toong,  Pe-Chee-Lee,  Shan-Se^ 
Shen-See,  and  Kan-Soo.    It  produces  the  grains,  fruits,  and 


CHI 


880 


CHI 


animals  of  Northern  Europe.  Here  the  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold  are  great.  The  winters  are  very  severe,  and  at 
that  season  ice  a  foot  thick  renders  the  rivers  unnavigable. 
The  productions  of  the  northern  provinces  are  wheat,  bar- 
Icy,  oats,  apples,  the  hazel-nut,  and  the  potato  j  they  are 
also  rich  in  wood  and  minerals.  The  central  zone,  the 
richest  portion  of  China,  contains  8  provinces, — Se-Chuen, 
Koei-Choo,  Hoo-Nan,  Hoo-Pe,  Kiang-See,  Ngan-Hoei,  Ho- 
Nan,  and  Kiang-Soo, — and  is  bounded  by  the  27th  or  28th 
parallel ;  tea  and  silk  are  its  characteristic  products ;  the 
middle  portion  is  the  granary  of  China,  and  the  eastern 
part  is  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton. 
Cotton  is  grown  even  in  Manchooria.  The  southern  zone 
embraces  5  provinces, — Yun-Nan,  Quang-Tong,  Quang-See, 
Fo-Kien,  and  Che-Kiang.     The  exchange  of  its  tropical 

E reductions  for  those  of  the  northern  zone  is  an  important 
ranch  of  the  internal  commerce  of  the  country.  Quang- 
Tong  lies  partly  within  the  tropics ;  and  the  whole  province 
is  tropical,  both  in  climate  and  in  productions.  Its  fruits 
are  oranges,  lichees,  mangoes,  and  bananas;  rice  is  its 
staple  grain,  and  it  produces  the  ground-nut,  the  sweet 
potato,  and  the  yam.  The  following  table  exhibits  the 
area  and  population  in  1890  of  the  19  provinces  into  which 
China  is  divided : 


ProTinces. 


Che-Kiang.... 

Fo-Klen 

Formosa 

Ho-Nan 

Hoo-Nan 

Hoo-Pe 

Kan-Soo 

Kiang-Soo 

Kiang-See 

Koei-Choo 

Kgan-Hoei...., 
Pe-Chee-Lee .. 

Quang-See , 

Quang-Tong.. 

Se</buen 

Shan-See 

Shan-Toong... 

Shen-See 

Yun-Nan , 

Totals 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 

Population. 

Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 

39,160 

11,800,000 

301 

53,480 

20,500,000 

383 

14,982 

.3,000,000 

267 

65,104 

22,100,000 

339 

74,320 

21,000,000 

269 

70,450 

30,000,000 

425 

86,608 

9,300,000 

107 

44,500 

21,000,000 

474 

72,176 

21,000,000 

290 

64,554 

7,700,000 

103 

48,461 

21,000,000 

433 

58,949 

19,350,000 

328 

78,250 

6,200,(X)0 

66 

79,456 

29,7(K),(XX) 

373 

166,880 

46,500,000 

272 

65,268 

11,200,000 

202 

66,104 

25,000,000 

384 

67,400 

8,300,000 

123 

107,969 

12,000,000 

111 

1,313,061 

344,650,000 

262 

The  southern  provinces  of  Manchooria  are  organized  and 
governed  on  the  Chinese  plan,  and  mainly  peopled  by  Chi- 
nese. Hence  they  are  to  all  intents  parts  of  China  proper. 
The  population  of  China  proper  was  estimated  in  1889  at 
860,000,000.  Recent  estimates,  chiefly  from  Chinese  data 
for  1882,  give  the  population  as  382,978,840.  The  returns 
show  that  in  1890,  1153  Americans  resided  in  Chinese  ports. 

Inhabita7it8. — Ethnologically,  the  Chinese  belong  to  that 
variety  of  the  human  species  distinguished  by  a  Mongolian 
oonformation  of  the  head  and  face,  and  a  monosyllabic  lan- 
guage. A  tawny  or  parchment-colored  skin,  coarse  and 
lank  black  hair,  a  thin  beard,  oblique  eyes,  and  high  cheek- 
bones are  characteristics  of  the  race.  The  average  height 
of  the  Chinaman  is  about  equal  to  that  of  the  European ; 
the  women  are  disproportionately  small,  and  have  a  broad 
upper  face,  low  nose,  and  linear  eyes.  Of  the  general  char- 
acter of  the  Chinese  it  is  not  easy  to  form  a  fair  and  im- 
partial judgment;  and  those  who  have  resided  long  in  the 
country,  and  know  them  well,  have  arrived  at  very  different 
conclusions.  M.  Hue  asserts  that  they  are  "  destitute  of 
religious  feelings  and  beliefs,"  "  sceptical  and  indifferent  to 
everything  that  concerns  the  moral  side  of  man,"  "  their 
whole  lives  but  materialism  put  in  action."  Mr.  Meadows 
admits  that  these  charges  are  true  of  the  mass  of  the  Chi- 
nese, but  among  them  there  is  a  large  amount  of  generosity 
and  right  feeling,  and  "  a  minority  higher  in  nature,  actu- 
ated by  higher  motives,  aiming  at  higher  aims."  The  peo- 
ple generally  have  no  fear  of  death,  commit  suicide  as  the 
solution  of  a  difficulty,  and  endure  the  most  cruel  tortures 
with  a  passive  fortitude;  but  neither  their  discipline  nor 
arms  enable  them  to  stand  before  European  forces.  The 
Chinese  are  as  a  race  un warlike,  fond  of  peace  and  domestic 
order,  capable  of  a  high  degree  of  organization  and  local 
Belf-government,  sober,  industrious,  practical,  unimagina- 
tive, literary,  and  deeply  imbued  with  the  mercantile  spirit. 
The  southeastern  Chinese — -the  people  of  Quang-Tong, 
Fo-Kien,  and  the  south  of  Che-Kiang — are  the  most  restless 
»nd  enterprising.  In  the  mountainous  districts  of  the  four 
•outheastern  provinces  of  China,  but  principally  in  Quang- 


See,  are  certain  tribes  who  are  probably  descended  from  the 
aboriginal  inhabitants  of  China. 

The  worthip  of  ancestors  is  a  remarkable  and  prominent 
feature  in  Chinese  social  life,  and  is  dictated  by  that  prin- 
ciple of  filial  piety  which  forms  the  basis  of  Chinese  society. 
The  rich  have  in  their  houses  a  chamber  dedicated  to  their 
forefathers.  All  Chinese  worship  from  time  to  time  at  the 
tombs  of  their  parents.  They  regard  the  quality  of  their 
coffins  as  of  vital  importance,  and  frequently  provide  them 
during  their  lifetime :  indeed,  a  coffin  is  reckoned  a  most 
acceptable  present,  and  is  frequently  given  by  children  to 
their  parents.  Yet  death  is  never  alluded  to  in  direct  terms, 
but  is  indicated  rather  by  periphrases,  such  as — the  person 
"  exists  no  more,"  "  he  has  saluted  the  age,"  "  ascended  to 
the  sky,"  Ac.  In  China  marriage  is  universal  and  within 
the  reach  of  all ;  but  there  is  a  strict  separation  of  the  sexes, 
and  betrothal  is  undertaken  by  the  parents  or  by  professional 
match-makers.  Minute  ceremonial  observances  regulate 
every  step,  and  frequently  the  bride  and  bridegroom  see 
each  other  on  the  wedding-day  for  the  first  time.  Women 
hold  a  very  inferior  position,  and  are  little  better  than  slaves. 
Polygamy  is  not  recognized  by  law,  but  secondary  wives  are 
common.  Infanticide,  though  regarded  as  a  crime,  is  prac- 
tised to  some  extent,  and  parents  possess  almost  unlimited 
authority  over  their  children.  The  intercourse  of  the  Chi- 
nese with  one  another,  especially  of  the  upper  classes,  is  reg- 
ulated by  a  tedious  and  elaborate  etiquette :  indeed,  they 
are  the  slaves  of  custom,  and  everything  is  done  by  prece- 
dent. The  Le-King,  or  Book  of  Rites,  regulates  Chinese 
manners,  and  is  one  cause  of  their  unchangeableness ;  for 
here  they  are  stereotyped  and  handed  down  from  age  to 
age.  The  ceremonial  usages  of  China  are  very  numerous, 
and  one  of  the  tribunals  at  Peking  is  charged  with  their  in- 
terpretation. The  Chinese  have  numerous  festivals;  and 
perhaps  the  most  remarkable  of  these  is  that  celebrated  at 
the  commencement  of  the  new  year,  when  unbounded  fes- 
tivity prevails.  Preparatory  to  this,  debts  are  settled,  and 
the  devout  repair  to  the  temples  to  gain  the  favor  of  the 
gods.  The  first  day  of  the  year  may  in  one  sense  be  reck- 
oned the  birthday  of  the  whole  people,  for  their  ages  are 
dated  from  it.  Visiting  is  at  the  same  time  carried  on  to  a 
great  extent,  whilst  parents  and  teachers  receive  the  pros- 
trations and  salutations  of  their  children  or  pupils.  The 
festival  of  the  dragon-boats  is  held  on  the  fifth  day  of  the 
fifth  month ;  and  at  the  first  full  moon  of  the  year  the  feast 
of  lanterns.  In  the  manufacture  of  these  the  Chinese  excel, 
and  on  the  night  of  the  festival  lanterns  wonderful  in  their 
variety  of  form  and  material  illuminate  each  door. 

On  the  approach  of  cold  weather  the  Chinaman  lights  no 
fire  in  his  dwelling,  but  puts  on  additional  clothing.  A 
tunic  or  kind  of  loose  jacket  fitting  close  round  the  neck, 
and  wide  short  trousers,  are  his  principal  garments.  Shoes 
are  made  of  silk  or  cotton,  with  thick  felt  soles.  The  Tartar 
tonsure  and  braided  queue  became  general  with  the  Man- 
choo  conquest  of  the  country  ;  and,  as  no  Chinaman  is  his 
own  barber,  a  great  number  of  this  calling  find  employment. 
The  Chinaman  is  very  sparing  in  his  ablutions ;  for  cold 
water,  either  as  a  beverage  or  for  washing  his  person,  he 
holds  in  abomination.  The  costume  of  the  women  differs 
but  little  from  that  of  the  men,  and  their  shoes  are  the 
most  remarkable  part  of  their  toilet.  A  lady's  shoe  meas- 
ures about  3i  inches  from  the  heel  to  the  toe.  The  feet  of 
the  Tartar  women  are  left  as  nature  made  them,  but  among 
the  Chinese  all  girls  of  the  better  classes  are  crippled  by  the 
forcible  compression  of  the  feet  in  early  infancy. 

The  principal  manufactures  of  the  Chinese  are  silk,  cot- 
ton, linen,  and  pottery,  for  which  latter  they  are  especially 
celebrated.  The  finest  porcelain  is  made  in  the  province  of 
Kiang-See.  The  Chinese  invented  printing  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  tenth  century,  nnd  in  932  A.n.  a  printed  im- 
perial edition  of  the  sacred  books  was  published.  The  skill 
of  the  Chinese  in  handicraft  is  astonishing.  Their  rich 
silks  and  satins,  light  gauzes,  beautiful  embroidery,  elaborate 
carving  on  wood  and  stone,  delicate  filigree- work  in  gold  and 
silver,  fine  lacquered-ware,  antique  vessels  in  bronze,  and 
their  brilliant  coloring  on  pith  paper,  command  universal 
admiration. 

In  the  government  of  China  the  emperor  is  absolute  in 
the  empire,  the  governor  in  the  province,  the  magistrate  in 
the  district.  The  emperor  claims  no  hereditary  divine  right, 
and  is  not  always  the  eldest  son  of  the  preceding  monarch ; 
the  ablest  son  or  other  near  relative  may  be  nominated, 
but  his  right  to  the  throne  as  the  Tien-Tze, "  son  of  heaven," 
can  only  be  established  by  good  government,  in  accordance 
with  the  principles  laid  down  in  the  national  sacred  books. 
If,  on  the  contrary,  he  violates  these  principles,  the  people 
believe  that  heaven  signifies  by  unmistakable  signs  that 


V 


cm 


881 


CFII 


their  ruler  is  not  its  chosen  representative.  The  emperor  is 
absolute  as  legislator  and  administrator ;  but  he  must  legis- 
late in  accordance  with  the  general  principles  acknowledged 
in  the  country.  He  also  constitutes  in  his  own  person  the 
highest  criminal  court.  The  Chinese  possess  a  carefully  di- 
ge:ited  code  of  laws,  which  is  added  to  and  modified  from 
time  to  time  by  imperial  edicts.  Their  penal  code  com- 
menced 2000  years  ago,  and  copies  of  it  are  sold  at  so  cheap 
a  rate  as  to  be  within  reach  of  people  of  the  humblest  means. 
Death,  which  the  Chinaman  prefers  to  long  confinement,  is 
the  penalty  for  a  large  number  of  offences,  and  in  ordinary 
years  about  10,000  criminals  are  executed.  Several  modes 
of  torture  are  legal.  The  emperor  is  assisted  in  governing 
by  two  councils — 1.  The  Inner  or  Privy  Council,  composed 
of  six  high  officials,  three  of  whom  are  Chinese  and  three 
Manchoos;  also  ten  assistants.  The  four  senior  ministers 
exercise  functions  corresponding  to  those  of  an  English 
prime  minister.  There  is  also  in  late  years  a  foreign  oflSce. 
2.  The  General  or  Stmteyical  Council,  which  closely  re- 
sembles our  cabinet,  being  composed  of  the  most  influential 
officers  in  the  capital,  who  exercise  high  legislative  and  ex- 
ecutive duties.  The  decisions  of  the  emperor  in  council  are 
regularly  published  in  the  Peking  Gnzette.  There  are  be- 
sides in  the  capital  six  yamjm*  or  public  offices,  each  charged 
with  a  distinct  department  of  government ;  and  over  all  is 
the  Court  of  General  Inspection,  or  the  Cenaorate.  The 
mandarins  composing  this  are  "the  eyes  and  ears  of  the 
emperor;"  for  it  is  their  province  to  see  that  all  officers  of 
the  government,  provincial  or  metropolitan,  are  faithful  in 
the  discharge  of  their  respective  duties. 

The  adminiitrative  machinery  of  the  Chinese  is  very  per- 
fect in  its  organization,  and  demands  an  attentive  consider- 
ation for  the  right  understanding  of  the  people  and  govern- 
ment. In  each  of  the  18  provinces  is  a  governor,  who, 
besides  being  at  the  head  of  the  civil  jurisdiction,  is  com- 
mander-in-chief, and  possesses  the  power  of  life  and  death 
for  certain  offences.  He  is  privileged  to  correspond  with  the 
cabinet-council  and  the  emperor.  Under  the  governor  are 
the  superintendent  of  provincial  finances,  the  provincial 
criminal  judge,  and  the  provincial  educational  examiner; 
each  communicates  with  his  especial  board  in  Peking.  The 
governor  is  also  assisted  by  many  other  judicial  and  admin- 
istrative officials.  The  governmental  organization  of  each 
province  is  complete  in  itself,  but  in  a  few  instances  two 
provinces — Quang-Tong  and  Qnang-See,  for  instance — form 
a  viceroyalty,  over  which  a  governor-general,  in  addition  to 
the  governors,  exercises  authority.  Every  province  is  again 
subdivided  into  districts,  departments,  and  circuits.  The 
average  number  of  districts  in  a  province  is  80,  and  each 
of  these  is  about  the  size  of  an  English  county.  A  civil 
functionary,  called  sometimes  the  district  magistrate,  pre- 
sides over  this  division,  and  is  assisted  by  several  subordi- 
nate officers.  A  group  of  districts — 6  is  the  average  number 
for  the  whole  18  provinces — forms  a  department,  and  is  ruled 
by  a  prefect,  who  resides  in  the  foo,  or  departmental  city. 

The  several  grades  of  mandarins,  or  Chinese  government 
officials,  are  distinguished  chiefly  by  a  different-colored  ball 
or  button  on  the  top  of  the  cap.  There  are  12  orders  of  no- 
bility confined  to  the  imperial  house  and  clan,  and  also  5 
ancient  orders  of  nobility  open  to  the  civil  and  military 
servants  of  the  state.  The  normal  government  of  China  is 
less  a  despotism  than  a  morally  supported  autocracy,  and  it  is 
in  principle  paternal.  What  the  father  is  to  his  family, 
that  the  governor,  the  prefect,  and  the  magistrate  are  in- 
tended to  be,  each  in  his  own  sphere,  to  the  people ;  whilst 
the  emperor  stands  in  the  same  relation  to  the  myriad  in- 
habitants of  his  vast  dominions.  In  ordinary  times  the 
Chinaman  enjoys  much  practical  freedom,  and  can  travel 
through  the  country  or  follow  any  calling  he  likes. 

The  Chinese  executive  system  is  based  on  competitive  ex- 
aminations, which  are  intended  to  sift  out  from  the  millions 
of  educated  Chinese  the  best  and  ablest  for  the  public  ser- 
vice. The  first  examination  takes  place  every  three  years 
in  the  capital  of  each  department,  when  the  lowest  degree 
— that  of  bachelor — is  conferred  on  a  certain  number  of 
candidates  from  each  district.  Triennial  examinations  are 
held  in  the  provincial  capital,  presided  over  by  two  examiners 
from  Peking,  at  which  sometimes  as  many  as  10,000  bachelors 
present  themselves  and  compete  for  the  degree  of  licentiate. 
Some  1200  obtain  it,  and  these  may  attend  the  triennial 
metropolitan  examination  at  Peking,  when  about  200  may 
hope  for  the  coveted  degree  of  doctor,  which  insures  imme- 
diate preferment.  These  examinations,  by  directing  the 
attention  of  students  solely  to  the  ancient  literature  of  the 
country,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  physical  sciences,  however 
efficient  in  producing  that  wonderful  homogeneity  for  which 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Central  Kingdom  are  famous,  stunt 


and  stereotype  the  national  mind,  which,  like  the  dwarfed 
tree  the  Chinaman  delights  to  raise  in  a  flower-pot,  or  the 
feet  of  a  Chinese  girl,  can  never  fully  expand.  In  the  cus- 
toms department  of  the  Chinese  government  a  considerable 
number  of  Americans  and  Europeans  are  employed. 

Education,  as  the  high-road  to  official  employment,  to 
rank,  wealth,  and  influence,  is  eagerly  sought  by  all  classes. 
Literary  proficiency  commands  everywhere  respect  and  con- 
sideration, and  primary  instruction  penetrates  to  the  re- 
motest villages.  Self-supporting  day-schools  are  universal 
throughout  the  country,  and  the  office  of  teacher  is  followed 
by  a  great  number  of  the  literati.  Government  provides 
state  examiners,  bat  does  not  otherwise  assist  in  the  educa- 
tion of  the  people.  The  Chinese  have  a  remarkable  rever- 
ence for  the  written  character.  Waste  printed  paper  is  col- 
lected from  house  to  house  and  burned  to  preserve  it  from 
profanation. 

Army. — In  theory  the  army  consists  of  about  800,000 
men,  scattered  throughout  the  empire,  besides  271,000  Tar- 
tars at  the  disposal  of  the  government.  It  cannot  be  prop- 
erly said  to  form  a  standing  army.  The  governor  of  a 
province  is  often  commander-in-chief,  and  is  assisted  by  a 
general-in-chief,  as  well  as  lieutenants-  and  majors-general. 
The  Chinese  and  Tartar  troops  form  two  important  divisions 
of  the  army.  The  Tartar  garrisons  are  indeed  the  real 
strength  of  the  Manchoo  emperor.  That  at  Peking  is 
150,000  strong;  and  18  others,  averaging  each  about  3000 
men,  are  dotted  about  the  provinces,  forming,  with  their 
wives  and  children,  military  colonies.  These  troops,  which 
are  armed  with  two-edged  swords  and  matchlocks,  or  the 
bow,  were  alone  able  to  stand  against  the  Tae-Ping  rebels 
and  turn  them  from  the  capital  of  the  empire.  About 
270,000  men  are  disciplined  soldiers,  organized  on  the 
European  plan,  and  equipped  with  breach-loading  small- 
arms,  and  on  the  coast  there  are  forts  built  on  the  most  ap- 
proved plans  and  mounted  with  rifled  guns  of  steel.  But 
a  large  part  of  the  army  is  a  mere  constabulary  force. 

Navy. — The  imperial  navy  is  divided  into  river  and  sea- 
going vessels.  Besides  the  old  force  of  junks,  there  are 
several  war-vessels  of  European  construction,  including 
4  iron-clad  steamers,  4  cruisers,  and  15  gunboats. 

Religion. — Three  forms  of  belief — the  Confucian,  the 
Booddhist,  and  the  Taouist — may  be  considered  the  national 
religions,  as  they  are  believed  in,  more  or  less,  by  the  great 
mass  of  the  people.  Of  these,  the  Confucian  and  the  Taou- 
ist are  indigenous,  but  Booddhism  was  introduced  from 
India.  A  struggle  for  ascendency  was  long  maintained  be- 
tween these  religions,  but  has  now  entirely  ceased :  indeed, 
it  is  no  unusual  thing  for  all  three  to  be  professed  by  the 
same  person,  and,  as  they  supplement  one  another,  this  is  not 
altogether  inconsistent.  Confucianism  is  the  oasis  of  the 
social  life  and  political  system  of  the  Chinese.  It  has  been 
professed  by  all  their  greatest  men,  and  is  still  the  sole 
belief  of  the  educated  classes.  It  is,  however,  less  a  religion 
than  a  philosophy,  and  does  not  pretend  to  treat  of  spirit- 
ual things  :  hence  room  was  left  for  other  creeds  to  supply 
its  deficiencies  in  this  respect.  The  questions  to  which 
Confucius  replied  were,  "  How  shall  I  do  my  duty  to  my 
neighbor?  How  can  I  best  discharge  the  duty  of  a  vir- 
tuous citizen  ?"  Funereal  temples  are  erected  to  Confucius, 
and,  though  his  image  is  not  used  as  an  idol,  his  tablet  is 
worshipped,  and  sacrifices  of  oxen  and  sheep  are  offered 
before  it  at  the  equinoxes. 

Booddhism  in  China,  though  extending  over  the  whole 
country  and  influencing  more  or  less  the  mass  of  the  people, 
is  fast  losing  its  hold  on  them,  and  has  very  little  of  the 
power  and  authority  it  once  possessed.  Its  edifices  are 
going  to  decay,  and  no  new  ones  rise  upon  their  ruins.  Its 
priests  are  illiterate,  and,  together  with  their  religion,  are 
held  in  contempt  by  the  philosophic  Chinaman.  The  north- 
ern form  of  Booddhism,  which  differs  considerably  from 
that  of  Ceylon  and  the  Indo-Chinese  Peninsula,  prevails  in 
China.  Its  sacred  books,  in  common  with  those  of  Nepaul 
and  Thibet,  are  written  in  Sanscrit,  or  are  translations. 

Taouism  has  not  more  hold  than  Booddhism  on  the  literate 
Chinese.  Its  priests  are  generally  ignorant  men,  few  of 
them  understanding  the  real  principles  of  their  faith.  They 
practise  a  mystic  alchemy,  prepare  spells  and  incantations, 
and,  like  modem  spiritualists,  hold  intercourse  with  the 
dead.  These  mystics  worship  certain  stars,  which  are  sup- 
posed to  influence  human  life,  and  also  genii,  devils,  and 
inferior  spirits. 

Besides  these  three  religions,  which  alone  affect  the  bulk 
of  the  people,  there  is  a  ritual  state  worthip, — a  kind  of 
philosophic  pantheism,  an  adoration  of  certain  natural  ob- 
jects; out  it  is  a  mere  ceremonial,  and  associated  with  n« 
theological  doctrines.     Three  classes  of  objects  are  distin- 


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guished,  to  which  the  groat,  medium,  and  lesser  sacrifices 
are  oflFered.  The  first  class  includes  the  heaven  and  the 
earth.  Equal  to  these,  and  likewise  restricted  to  the  wor- 
ship of  the  emperor,  is  the  great  Temple  of  Imperial  An- 
cestors. The  medium  sacrifices  are  offered  to  the  sun  and 
moon,  the  gods  of  the  land  and  grain,  genii,  and  sages.  In 
the  third  class  are  reckoned  certain  natural  phenomena,  as 
well  as  deceased  statesmen  and  scholars.  The  emperor 
appears  to  acknowledge  a  supreme  being  as  king  of  kings, 
the  rewarder  of  virtue,  and  the  punisher  of  vice ;  but  still 
Chinese  philosophy  is  atheistical,  and  deduces  "the  devel- 
opment of  the  universe  from  one  unintelligent  and  will-less 
principle."  Hence  all  educated  Chinese  are  atheists,  at 
least  theoretically. 

Among  the  politer  classes,  when  strangers  meet,  the  ques- 
tion is  asked,  "  To  what  sublime  religion  do  you  belong  ?" 
and  each  one  pronounces  a  eulogium,  not  on  his  own  re- 
ligion, but  on  that  professed  by  the  others,  and  concludes 
with  the  oft-repeated  formula,  "  Religions  are  many ;  rea- 
son is  one :  we  are  all  brothers."  The  government  is  equally 
tolerant  of  religious  diversity,  except  where  a  political  de- 
sign is  suspected.  Missions  are  maintained  in  China  by 
Christians  of  many  sects,  and  latterly  with  considerable 
success  in  some  places;  but  the  popular  prejudice  against 
Christianity  is  strong.  There  are  some  Chinese  Moham- 
medans, chiefly  in  the  W.,  and  a  few  Chinese  Jews. 

History. — The  early  annals  of  China,  like  those  of  most 
other  countries,  belong  rather  to  mythology  than  to  history. 
Beginning  with  Pan-Ku,  the  first  of  all  beings,  the  country 
was  ruled  over  first  by  gods,  and  then  god-desceaded  per- 
sonages, who  revealed  to  men  the  essential  arts  of  life.  The 
historical  period  may  be  said  to  commence  with  the  Hia 
period  or  dynasty,  begun  by  Yu  the  Great  about  2200  B.C., 
although  a  great  infusion  of  the  fabulous  still  continues. 
Some  date  the  real  history  of  China  from  the  Tchow  or  Chow 
dynasty,  which  began  with  Wu-Wang  about  1100  B.C.  It 
was  during  the  reign  of  Ling- Wang  (571-544),  one  of  this 
dynasty,  that  Confucius  was  born.  China  would  seem  during 
this  period  to  have  been  divided  into  a  number  of  inde- 
pendent states.  The  kings  of  Tsin  gradually  gained  the 
ascendency,  and  at  last  one  of  them  reduced  the  other  states 
to  subjection  (247  B.C.),  and  assumed  the  title  of  Hoang,  or 
emperer.  This  first  emperor  finished  the  Great  Wall  (see 
above),  as  a  protection  against  the  Tartars,  who  had  all 
along  been  a  source  of  danger  and  annoyance  to  the  richer 
and  more  pacific  Chinese.  We  cannot  enumerate  the  vari- 
ous dynasties  that  followed,  nor  the  frequent  divisions  and 
reunions  of  the  empire,  varied  by  incursions  and  partial 
subjugations  by  the  troublesome  Tartars.  At  last  the  Mon- 
gols or  Western  Tartars,  being  called  in  to  aid  the  Chinese 
(1209),  became  finally  masters  of  the  whole  country  (1279), 
and  reigned  over  it  till  1368,  when  they  were  expelled  by 
the  Chinese,  and  the  Ming  native  dynasty  succeeded,  which 
lasted  276  years  and  fell  at  length  through  its  own  mis- 
government.  A  general  of  the  last  Ming  emperor,  who  was 
employed  in  keeping  the  Manchoos  in  check,  made  peace 
with  them,  and  obtained  their  assistance  against  the  native 
usurper  who  had  deposed  his  sovereign.  The  Manchoos 
established  themselves  in  Peking  (1644),  and  finally,  after 
a  seven-years'  struggle,  acquired  the  sovereignty  of  the 
whole  empire.  Many  of  the  conquering  race  now  filled  the 
highest  offices  of  state.  More  than  one  powerful  emperor 
of  the  race  has  ably  conducted  the  government  of  the  coun- 
try, and  the  Manchoo  dynasty  still  remains  in  power. 

Of  recent  events  in  Chinese  history,  the  most  remarkable 
is  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Tae-Ping  rebels.  Their 
leader  was  a  man  of  humble  origin,  and  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  government  employment.  Some  Christian 
tracts  led  him  to  renounce  idolatry,  and  he  founded  a  so- 
ciety of  God-worshippers,  which  in  the  autumn  of  1850  was 
brought  into  collision  with  the  imperial  authorities  and 
immediately  assumed  a  political  character.  He  persuaded 
himself  and  his  followers  that  he  had  received  a  divine  com- 
mission to  uproot  idolatry,  extirpate  the  Tartar  intruders, 
and  establish  the  new  native  dynasty  of  Tae-Ping,  or  Uni- 
versal Peace.  The  course  of  this  rebellion,  the  victorious 
march  of  the  Tae-Ping  army  from  Kwang-Se  to  Nanking 
in  1850-53,  and  its  subsequent  career,  cannot  here  be  traced. 
This  rebellion  was  suppressed  in  1865  by  imperial  troops 
led  by  American  and  British  officers,  assisted  by  contingents 
of  English  and  French  troops. 

In  early  times  the  Chinese  do  not  appear  to  have  been 
opposed  to  intercourse  with  foreigners;  but  the  conduct  of 
the  Spaniards  and  Portuguese  between  1520  and  1570  ex- 
cited their  hostility.  The  Manchoo  government  restricted 
foreign  trade  and  intercourse  to  Canton,  where  it  was  car- 
ried on  through  the  medium  of  the  hong  merchants.     Dif- 


ferences arose,  however,  from  time  to  time  between  these 
two  commercial  bodies,  occasioned  chiefly  by  the  exactions 
of  the  mandarins  on  foreign  trade.  With  a  view  to  a  better 
understanding,  the  British  government  despatched  to  Pe- 
king an  embassy  under  Lord  Macartney  in  1792,  and  anothei 
under  Lord  Amherst  in  1816.  On  the  22d  of  April,  1834,  the 
monopoly  of  the  East  India  Company  ceased,  and  British 
imperial  officers  were  appointed  to  carry  out  the  new  judi- 
cial and  fiscal  arrangements.  Constant  dissensions  between 
these  and  the  mandarins  continued  till  the  end  of  the  year 
1839,  when  the  latter,  with  the  design  of  stopping  the  opium- 
trade,  committed  acts  of  open  hostility.  A  war  broke  out 
the  following  year,  at  the  commencement  of  which  Chinese 
officials  talked  of  invading  England.  The  imperial  govern- 
ment was,  however,  sufficiently  humbled  by  the  middle  of 
the  year  1842,  and  on  the  29th  of  August  a  treaty  of  peace 
was  signed  before  Nanking,  by  which  the  ports  of  Amoy,  Foo- 
Choo,  Ning-Po,  and  Shang-Hai  were,  in  addition  to  Canton, 
thrown  open  to  foreign  trade.  The  other  most  important 
articles  of  the  treaty  provided  that  the  island  of  Hong- 
Kong  should  be  ceded  in  perpetuity  to  Great  Britain,  and 
that  China  should  pay  21,000,000  dollars  towards  the  ex- 
penses of  the  war. 

With  five  free  ports,  foreign  trade  with  China  soon  as- 
sumed gigantic  proportions;  and  though  the  Chinese  long 
evaded  the  treaty  whenever  practicable,  and  though  wars 
have  since  occurred  with  France  and  England,  on  the  whole 
a  much  more  liberal  policy  has  prevailed,  foreigners  being 
now  at  liberty  to  travel  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  em- 
pire. The  open  or  treaty  ports  in  1888  were  22  in  num- 
ber, viz..  New  Chwang,  Tien-Tsin,  Che-Foo,  Han-Keoo, 
Kioo-Kiang,  E-Ching,  Macao,  Ching-Kiang-Foo,  Shang- 
Hai,  Ning-Po,  Foo-Choo,  Tamsui,  Kee-Lung,  Takow, 
Tai-Wan-Foo  (Amping),  Amoy,  Swatow,  Woo-Hoo,  Wan- 
Chow,  Canton,  Kiong-Choo,  and  Pakhoi,  besides  Maimai- 
chin  in  the  N.,  the  seat  of  an  important  trade  with  Kussia. 

Since  1861  many  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  im- 
perial government,  and  a  wiser  policy  has  been  entered 
upon.  Under  the  regency  of  Prince  Kung  there  exist  a 
more  vigorous  administration  of  the  laws  and  a  more  faith- 
ful observance  of  treaties.  A  national  flag  has  been  adopted, 
and  a  strong  desire  manifested  by  the  imperial  government 
to  become  acquainted  with  international  law, — a  wide  de- 
parture from  the  former  disdainful  policy.  In  1866  ar- 
rangements were  made  for  telegraphic  communication  be- 
tween Peking  and  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  emigration  to 
foreign  countries  was  permitted.  In  1877-78  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  which  under  the  rule  of  the  late  Yakoob  Beg 
had  become  independent,  was  reconquered,  after  a  short  and 
sanguinary  war, — the  rebellions  of  Mohammedans  in  the 
N.  and  S.W.  having  previously*  been  suppressed.  The  im- 
migration of  Chinese  into  the  United  States  was  prohibited 
there  by  law  in  1882  for  ten  years,  and  in  1892  the  prohi- 
bition  was  renewed  and  rendered  more  severe  for  an  equal 
period.  The  Australian  and  New  Zealand  governments 
prohibited  Chinese  immigration  in  1888.  The  war  with 
France,  1884-85,  about  the  possession  of  Annam  and  Ton- 
quin.  resulted  in  the  renunciation  by  China  of  these  two 
provinces  and  their  acquisition  by  the  French  government. 

Commerce, — The  rivers  and  numberless  canals  of  China 
are  covered  with  vessels  employed  in  internal  commerce, 
which  consists  chiefly  in  the  exchange  of  the  various  prod- 
ucts of  the  several  provinces.  Foreign  trade  with  China 
has  assumed  great  importance.  Tea  and  raw  silk  are  the 
great  staple  products.  But  some  fictile  and  wooden  wares, 
fans,  fire-crackers,  musk,  rhubarb,  sugar,  cassia,  grass-cloth, 
and  ornamental  goods  are  also  exported. 

The  commercial  intercourse  of  China  is  mainly  with 
Great  Britain  and  her  colonies.  Among  other  countries 
the  United  States  and  Germany  take  the  first  rank,  having 
about  20  per  cent,  of  the  commerce  of  China,  Russia  and 
Japan  ranking  next.  China  herself  has  a  very  large  inter- 
nal and  coastwise  trade,  chiefly  between  the  northern  and 
southern  provinces.  This  trade  is  partly  carried  on  by 
river  and  coasting  steam-vessels,  some  of  them  owned  by 
Chinese  and  built  in  China.  In  1878  the  only  railway  then 
existing  in  China,  that  from  Ning-Po  to  Woo-Sung,  40 
miles  long,  was  purchased  and  destroyed  by  the  govern- 
ment, apparently  because  it  was  believed  to  interfere  with 
the  Feng-Shuey,  a  mysterious  influence  ascribed  to  "  wind 
and  water"  by  the  Chinese.  A  new  railway  from  Kai-Fong 
to  Tsientsin  (154  miles  long)  was  finished  in  1888. 

There  is  no  coinage  in  China  except  the  copper  tchen  or 
"cash,"  which  is  in  value  about  one  mill  of  United  States 
money ;  and  all  but  the  most  trifling  payments  are  made 
by  a  certain  weight  of  silver,  or  in  Mexican  or  Spanish  dol- 
lars, and  now  al«o  in  American  and  British  trade-dollars. 


CHI 


883 


CHI 


In  1890  the  silver  dollar  coined  at  Canton  was  declared  cur- 
rent all  over  the  empire.  It  is  equal  in  value  to  the  Mexi- 
can and  United  States  silver  dollars.  Gold  is  not  a  general 
I  medium  of  exchange.  Chinese  accounts  are  kept  in  taels, 
j  taaoe,  candareens,  and  cash.   A  tael  is  worth  58. 63<f  .=$1.50. 

I Adj.  and  inhab.  Chinese,  chi-neez',  and  Cathay'an 

'  (poetical)  (Fr.  Chinois,  shee^nwi'  j  Sp.  Chino,  chee'no ;  Ger. 
adj.  Chinesisch,  Ke-ni'zish,  inhab.  Chinese,  Ke-ni'z§h). 
i  Chin g- An,  ching^-&n',  a  remarkable  cape  on  the  N.E. 
I  coast  of  Siberia,  in  Behring  Sea,  about  lat.  64°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
173°  40'  W.  It  rises  almost  vertically  from  the  sea  to  a 
I  great  height,  and  is  rendered  conspicuous  by  a  red  band  in- 
I  tersecting  it  from  its  summit  to  its  base. 
I  Ching-Hai,  ching'-hl',  or  Chin>Hae,  a  seaport  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
loading  to  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ning-Po.  It  is  surrounded 
I  by  a  wall  20  feet  high,  and  is  3  miles  in  circumference,  with 
extensive  suburbs.  It  has  2  batteries  on  the  river-side, 
and  a  strong  citadel  on  a  precipitous  cliflf  250  feet  high. 

Ching-Hai,  a  town  of  Corea,  on  its  S.  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ilan-Kiang  River. 

Ching-Kiang,  ching^-ke-ing',  a  city  of  China,   35 

j  miles  N.E.  of  Yun-Nan,  on  the  bank  of  a  lake. 

I      Ching-Kiang-Foo,  ching^-ke-4ng'-foo,  written  also 

;  Chin-Keang,Tching-Kiang,  Chin-Kiang-Foo, 

I  and  Tchang-Kiang,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang- 

!  Soo,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  near  the 

j  junction  of  the  Imperial  Canal,  in  lat.  32°  17'  N.,lon.  119° 

'  25'  E.     It  is  a  treaty-port,  the  imports  exceeding  those  of 

I  any  other  Chinese  port  except  Shanghai.     It  is  advantage- 

I  cusly  situated  for  trade,  and  surrounded  by  a  lofty  and 

1 8  3lid  wall.     Extensive  suburbs  stretch  along  the  canal,  and 

I  tlie  activity  exhibited  on  the  waters  affords  evidence  of  the 

I  commercial  importance  of  the  city.     The  city  was  once  for- 

'  tified,  but  has  been  dismantled.     The  place  has  suffered  ex- 

^JCMnely  in  the  recent  civil  and  foreign  wars.   Pop.  140,000. 

HKhing-King,  province  of  Manchooria.  SeeLEAo-ToNG. 

■  I^hinglepnt,  ching^gl^-put',  or  Sing^alapet'ta,  a 

Rn>wn  of  India,  chief  town  of  the  district,  36  miles  S.S.W. 

cf  Madras,  on  the  river  Palar.     Pop.  7979. 

Chingleput,  a  district  of  British  India,  Madras  presi- 
i  tency,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  adjoining  the  city  and  dis- 
I  trict  of  Madras.  Area,  2753  square  miles.  Capital,  Ching- 
'  hput. 

1  Ching-Te,  or  Tching-Te-Fou,  ching-ti-foo', 
I  T'ritten  also  Tscheng-Te,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
'  I'e-Chee-Lee,  110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peking.  Near  it  is  the 
I  celebrated  imperial  palace  Zhehol,  zhi-hol'  (otherwise 
I  vritten  Gehol,  Jehol,  and  Zheho),  the  summer  residence 
I  of  the  emperor. 

I  Ching-Ting,  Tching-Ting,  or  Tsching-Ting, 
ohing^ting',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  155 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Peking. 

Ching^-Ton',  a  city  of  China,  in  Se-Chuen.  Lat.  30° 
JO'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  E.  It  is  populous,  adorned  with  fine  edi- 
fices, intersected  by  canals,  and  the  seat  of  an  extensive 
commerce.  It  was  formerly  an  imperial  residence,  and  one 
of  the  largest  cities  of  China. 

Ching  -  Too  -  Foo,      Tching- Ton  -  Fou,      or 
Tsching-Tu-Fu,  ching^-too'-foo',  a  city  of  China,  capi- 
tal of  Se-Chuen.     Lat.  30°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  20'  E. 
Chingu,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Xingu. 
Chin-Hae,  a  town  of  China.    See  Ching-Hai. 
Chini,  or  Chinee,  che-nee',  a  large  village  of  Sinde, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Sehwan,  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet. 
Chin-India,  chin  in'de-a,  a  name  sometimes  given  to 

the  peninsula  of  Indo-China. Adj.  and   inhab.  Chin 

Indian,  chin  in'de-an. 

Chinini,  a  town  of  India.     See  Chandahnee. 
Chin-Keaag,  China.    See  Ching-Kiang-Foo. 
Chin-Liin-Liug,  China.     See  Shin-Lin-Ling. 
Chin-Lung,  a  town  of  Thibet.     See  Kien-Lung. 
Chinnanee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chandahnee. 
Chin-Ngan,  or  Tchin-Ngan,  chin-n'g&n',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Quang-See,  near  the  Tonquin  frontier. 
Lat.  23°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  12'  E. 

Chino,  chee'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cai.,  in  the  valley  of  the  Santa  Anna  River,  about  35  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Chino 
township,  308. 
Chinois  and  Chino.  See  China. 
Chinon,  shee^n6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Vienne,  .25  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of 
Tours.     Pop.  4536.     Rabelais  was  born  here. 

Chinook,  che^nook',  a  hamlet  of  Choteau  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 28  miles  E.  of  Assinniboine.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  ofiBce,  gold-  and  silver-mines,  &c.     Pop.  300. 


Chinquapin,  chink'a-pin,  a  village  of  Duplin  co.. 
N.C.,  on  the  Northeast  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
mington.  It  has  an  academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  naval 
stores,  rosin,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  295. 

Chinqnapin,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,S.C.  P.  1407. 

Chinray^apatam',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan, 
in  Mysore,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seringapatam. 

Chin-San,  or  Tchin-San,  chin-s&n',  two  small 
islands  of  China,  in  the  Chusan  group,  S.E.  of  Cbusan, 
about  lat.  30°  29'  N.,  Ion.  122°  56'  E. 

Chinsoorah,  or  Chinsnra,  chin-soo'ri,  a  former 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Iloogly,  .30  miles  N.  of  Calcutta. 
It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Hoogly  (q.  v.).  It  was  once 
a  place  of  great  importance.     Pop.  about  14,000. 

Chiny,  shee^nee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
on  the  Semoy,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1050. 

Chin-Yang,  a  city  of  Manchooria.     See  Mookden. 

Chio,  or  Khio,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Scio. 

Chiobbe,  che-ob'bi,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Fo- 
Kien,  15  miles  S.W.of  Amoy,  lat.  24°  35'  N.,  Ion.  117°  55' 
E.,  on  a  considerable  river,  which  bears  different  names 
according  to  the  district  through  which  it  flows.  The  town 
is  large,  has  a  custom-house  and  citadel,  and  along  the  river 
are  fortifications.  Pop.  estimated  at  300,000.  The  sur- 
rounding district  is  famed  for  the  cultivation  of  the  mul- 
berry-tree and  the  rearing  of  silk. 

Chioggia,  ke-od'j4  (ano.  Fos'sa  Clo'dia),  a  seaport  town 
of  Italy,  15  miles  S.  of  Venice,  on  an  island  in  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  Venetian  Lagoon.  Pop.  26,336.  It  is 
about  2  miles  in  circumference,  founded  on  piles,  well  built, 
and  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a  stone  bridge  of  43 
arches.  It  has  a  fine  main  street  lined  with  porticos,  a 
cathedral,  various  charitable  institutions,  and  a  harbor 
protected  by  2  forts  and  several  batteries.  It  has  high 
schools,  salt-works,  yards  for  ship-building,  fisheries,  and  a 
trade  with  the  interior  by  the  Brenta,  Adige,  Po,  and  sev- 
eral canals.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Chios,  or  Chio.    See  Scio. 

Chipicani,  che-pe-k&'nee,  a  mountain-peak  of  the 
Andes,  near  the  boundary  of  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Lat.  17° 
43'  S.  j  Ion.  69°  47'  W.     Height,  19,740  feet. 

Chip'ley,  a  post-town  of  Washington  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Cary  ville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  Ac.     Pop.  354. 

Chipley,  a  post-village  of  Harris  co.,  Qa.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  distillery,  Ac. 
Pop.  500. 

Chip'man's  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  21  miles  from  Kentville. 

Chip'man's  Point,  a  post-oflBce  of  Addison  co.,  Vt., 
on  Lake  Champlain,  in  Orwell  township. 

Chipo'Ia,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Chipola  River. 

Chipo'Ia  River  rises  in  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  runs  south- 
ward into  Florida,  and  enters  the  Appalachicola  River  at 
or  near  lola,  Calhoun  co.  It  is  about  130  miles  long,  and  the 
lower  part  is  navigable. 

Chip'pawa,  a  port  of  entry  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Chippawa  River  with  the  Niagara, 
above  the  Falls,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a 
distillery,  2  tanneries,  a  woollen-factory,  sash-  and  door- 
factory,  grist-,  shingle-,  and  saw-mills,  and  stores.  Chip- 
pawa was  the  scene  of  a  victory  gained  July  4,  1814,  by 
the  Americans,  1900  in  number,  commanded  by  General 
Brown,  over  the  British,  2100  strong.  It  is  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railway.     Pop.  922. 

Chippenham,  chip'num,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Wilts,  on  the  Avon,  22  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bristol.  It  has 
a  spacious  church,  partly  built  in  the  twelfth  century,  a 
free  school  and  other  charities,  a  workhouse,  and  a  literary 
institution.     Pop.  3936. 

Chip'pewa,  originally  Ojibway,  or  Ojibbewa,  « 
river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  by  several  branches  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  runs  southward  through  Chippewa  co.,  in 
which  it  receives  a  number  of  considerable  affluents  from 
the  east  or  left  hand.  Below  Chippewa  Falls  it  flows  south- 
westward,  traverses  Eau  Claire  and  Dunn  cos.,  and  enter:- 
the  Mississippi  River  at  the  S.E.  end  of  Lake  Pepin,  about  4 
miles  above  Wabasha.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  300  miles. 
It  traverses  extensive  pine  forests,  from  which  much  lumber 
is  exported.     Its  largest  affluent  is  the  Menomonee. 

Chip'pewa,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  the  most  eastern 
part  of  the  Upper  Peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Lake  Superior  and  Tequamenon  Bay,  on  the  E.  by  St. 
Mary  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Huron.  The  surface 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac. 
Silurian  limestone  and  sandstone  underlie  this  county.     It 


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is  intersected  by  the  Duluth,  South  Shore  4  Atlantic  and 
the  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  &  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Railroads,  both 
of  which  enter  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop  ip  1870,  1689;  in  1880.  5248;  in  1890,  12,019. 

ChippewA,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W,  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Chippewa  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Whoat,  oats, 
hay,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Montevideo. 
Pop. in  1870,  1467;  in  1880,  5408;  in  1890,  8555. 

Chippewa^  a  large  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wis- 
consin, is  intersected  by  the  Chippewa  River,  and  also 
drained  by  many  of  its  affluents,  among  which  are  the 
Flambeau,  Jump,  Thornapple,  and  Yellow  Rivers.  Area, 
1980  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces 
wheat,  oats,  Ac.  Four  lines  of  railroad  traverse  the  county, 
3  of  them  communicating  with  Chippewa  Falls,  the  capi- 
tal.    Pop.  in  1870,  8311 ;  in  1880,  15,491 ;  in  1890,  25,143. 

Chippewa,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  291. 

Chippewa,  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    See  Chippewa  Station. 

ChippeAva,  a  township  of  Douglas  oo.,  Minn.  Pop. 
242.     It  contains  Brandon. 

Chippew^a,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  2510. 
It  contains  Doylestown  and  a  part  of  Marshallville. 

Chippewa,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.     Pop.  817. 

Chippewa,  Ashland  co..  Wis.   See  Chippewa  Crossino. 

Chippewa,  or  Wel'land,  a  river  of  Ontario,  flows  E. 
and  joins  the  Niagara  shortlj'  above  Niagara  Falls.  In  its 
course  it  forms  part  of  the  Welland  Canal.  It  is  deep,  and 
is  300  feet  wide  at  its  mouth.     Length,  60  miles. 

Chippewa  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  3i  miles  from  Hammond 
Station. 

Chippewa  City,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  oo.,  Wis., 
on  the  Chippewa  River,  about  72  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 

Chippewa  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Medina  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Tuscarawas  River  about  4 
miles  above  Canal  Fulton. 

Chippewa  Falls,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Benson.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chippewa  FaHs,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Chippewa 
CO.,  Wis.,  is  on  the  Chippewa  River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Eau  Claire,  about  90  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and 
90  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse.  The  river  here  affords  water- 
power,  which  is  employed  in  a  number  of  saw-mills  and 
flour-mills.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This 
town  has  3  banks,  10  churches,  public  schools,  an  elevator, 
a  furniture-factory,  a  large  brewery,  a  planing-mill,  a  sash- 
and  door-factory,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill  which  is 
said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  United  States,  together  with 
other  smaller  factories.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  It  has  great  railroad  facilities.  Pop. 
in  1890,  8670. 

Chippewa  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Mecosta  oo.,  Mich. 

Chippewa  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0., 
near  a  small  lake,  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  A 
Wheeling  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Medina.    It  has  a  church. 

Chippewa  River,  Michigan,  drains  part  of  Mecosta 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Isabella  co.,  and  enters  the  Pine 
River  in  Midland  co.,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Midland  City. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Chippewa  River,  Minnesota,  issues  from  several  little 
lakes  near  the  line  between  Douglas  and  Grant  cos.,  runs 
southward,  traverses  the  fertile  prairies  of  Pope  and  Swift 
cos,,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River  at  Montevideo,  in 
Chippewa  co.     It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Chippewa  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osceola  oo,, 
Mich,,  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  8  miles  E, 
of  Bvart,     It  has  a  lumber-mill, 

Chippewa  Station,  the  former  name  of  Brandon, 
Douglas  CO,,  Minn, 

Chip'peway  or  Chippewa  Indians,  written  also 
Ojibway,  Otchipwe,  and  Ojibbeway,  a  numerous 
tribe,  formerly  inhabiting  Wisconsin,  but  now  removed  to 
the  N.  part  of  Minnesota  and  various  districts  of  Canada. 

Chip^pewy'an  Fort,  a  trading-post  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  at  the  W.  end  of  Lake  Athabasca,  Lat.  58° 
40' N.;  lob.  111°  20'  W. 

Chippewyan  Mountains.    See  Rocky  Mountains. 

Chip'ping-Nor'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  25 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Oxford.  It  consists  of  one  large 
street,  with  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  free  grammar-school,  and 
an  almshouse.     Pop.  3430. 

r^hip'ping-On'gar,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  on 


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the  Roding,  about  20  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  London 
a  market-house  and  a  union  workhouse. 

Chip'ping-Sod'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Glou- 
cester, 25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1157. 

Chipping-Wyc'ombe,  or  High  Wycombe,  a 
borough  of  England,  co.  of  Buckingham,  30  miles  by  rail 
W.N.AV,  of  London,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Thames.  The 
church  is  a  large,  venerable,  and  handsome  structure.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  of  chairs  and  paper.     Pop.  6382. 

Chipwan'ic,  a  creek  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into 
Tippecanoe  River. 

Chiques,  Pennsylvania.     See  Chickies. 

Chiquimula  de  la  Sierra,  che-kee-moo'l^  di  \i 
se-6u'Ri,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and  85  miles 
E.N.E,  of  Guatemala,  capital  of  a  department,  with  a  large 
church,  and  a  fountain  in  the  principal  square.  Pop.  6000. 
It  is  a  place  of  active  trade. 

Chiquimula  Isthmus,  of  Central  America,  is  in  Ion. 
89°  W.,  comprehending  about  70  miles  of  coast,  on  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Motagua  and  the 
innermost  corner  of  the  Bay  of  Honduras.  The  distance 
across  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  is  here  160 
miles.     Greatest  elevation  of  the  land,  2000  feet. 

Chiquitos,  che-kee'toce,  a  territory  of  Bolivia,  depart- 
ment of  Santa  Cruz,  between  lat.  15°  and  17°  S.,  and  form- 
ing the  middle  part  of  the  great  longitudinal  plain  which 
extends  N.  and  S.  of  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes. 

Chira,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Cheera. 

Chirac,  shee^rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  LozSre,  on  the 
Rioulong,  11  miles  W.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1793, 

Chiraz,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Sheeraz. 

Chircari,  chlr-k&'ree,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Bandel 
cnnd,  73  miles  E.  of  Jhansee. 

Chireno,  she-r4'no,  a  post-village  of  Nacogdoches  co., 
Tex.,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  aa 
academy,  and  4  stores. 

Chirens,  sheeV6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1711. 

Chir^gong',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundelcund,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Jhansee. 

Chiriqni,  che-re-kee',  a  river,  lagoon,  ahd  archipelago 
of  the  department  of  Panama,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia. 
The  river,  after  a  northward  course,  enters  the  lagoon,  which 
is  separated  from  the  Caribbean  Sea  by  the  Chiriqui  Archi- 
pelago. Lat.  90°  N. ;  Ion,  82°  30'  W,  The  Chiriqui  lagoon 
IS  a  spacious  bay  with  three  entrances  and  capable  of  con- 
taining ships  of  the  largest  class.  It  extends  along  the 
coast  about  90  miles,  and  from  40  to  50  miles  inland. 

Chirk,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Ruabon,  with  coal-mines  and  lime-works.  It  is 
celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery.  Chirk  Castle,  the 
ancient  mansion  of  the  Myddleton  family,  is  said  to  com- 
mand views  into  17  counties.  North  of  the  village  the  Dee 
is  crossed  by  Telfer's  aqueduct  for  the  El  lesmere  Canal, — an 
iron  trough  710  feet  in  length,  supported  on  10  arches,  rais- 
ing it  70  feet  above  the  river.     Pop.  of  parish,  1919. 

Chirripo,  cheeR-Ree'po,  a  volcano  and  river  of  Costa 
Rica.  The  former  is  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Cartago;  and 
from  its  N.  flank  the  river  flows  to  join  the  Barbilla  ana 
form  the  Matin*  River. 

Chirvan,  a  former  province  of  Russia.     See  Shirvan. 

Chisago,  chee^sa-go',  a  county  in  the  E,  part  of  Min- 
neb  ita,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Wisconsin.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  several  small 
lakes,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  grass,  Ac.  This 
county  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  St.  Paul  A  Du- 
luth Railroad.  Capital,  Centre  City,  Pop,  in  1870,  4358; 
in  1875,  6046;  in  1880,  7982;  in  1890,  10,359, 

Chisago  City,  a  post-village  in  Chisago  Lake  town- 
ship, Chisago  CO,,  Minn.,  is  on  a  beautiful  lake,  named  Chi- 
sago, 5  miles  by  i-ail  from  Wyoming,  and  32  miles  N.N.B. 
of  St,  Paul,  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  barrels  and 
staves,  general  stores,  Ac.  Pop.  about  100 ;  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  1561, 

Chisago  Lake,  a  township  of  Chisago  oo.,  Minn,,  con- 
tains Chisago  City  and  Centre  City,  on  a  lake  of  the  same 
name,  40  miles  N,E.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  1119, 

Chiselhurst,  chiz'§l-hiirst,  a  parish  of  England,  in 
Kent,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  London.     Pop.  3313. 

Chis'enhall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co,,  Ala. 

Chism'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  Ark.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Ozark. 

Chiso,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Chiesb, 

Chisnsti,  che-soSs'te,  a  town  of  the  Mooltan  divifli<», 
Punjab,  British  India,     Pop,  11.477. 


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Chis'well's  Islands,  a  group  of  desert  isles,  near  the 
const  of  Alaska.     Lat.  59°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  149°  2'  W. 

Chiswicky  ohiz'ik,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  the  Thames,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
don. Here  is  Chiswick  House,  a  villa  of  the  Duke  of  Dev- 
onshire, and  the  parish  contains  the  gardens  of  the  horti- 
cultural society.     Pop.  8508. 

Chitauni,  che-t5w'nee,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
76  miles  N.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  5875. 

Chiti,  kee'tee  (anc,  Cit'ium),  a  village  of  Cyprus,  on  its 
S.  coast,  near  Cape  Chiti,  and  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Larnica. 

Chit^ore',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  rajahship 
and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Odeypoor. 

Chitral,  Tschitral,  chitVil',  or  Little  Cash^gar', 
a  country  of  Asia,  consisting  of  the  Kooner  valley,  on  the  S. 
slope  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  lying  between  lat.  35°  45'  and 
36*  25'  N.,  Ion.  71°  20'  and  73°  10'  E.  Length,  100  miles; 
breadth,  from  15  to  20  miles. 

Chitral,  a  town  of  the  above,  in  lat.  36°  11'  N.,  Ion. 
71°  59'  E.  Pop.  between  3000  and  4000,  mostly  Moham- 
medans, with  some  Hindoos. 

ChitUagoug'  (native,  Chattagram),  or  IsMamabad', 
a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district  and  division,  on  the 
Kurnafoolee  River.  Lat.  22°  20'  55"  N.;  Ion.  91°  52'  35" 
E.  Large  ships  can  ascend  to  the  town,  which  is  the  seat 
of  great  commercial  enterprise,  though  a  straggling  place, 
covering  a  large  area,  and  one  of  the  sickliest  places  in  Asia. 
Pop.  20,604. 

Chittagong,  a  division  or  commissionership  in  Ben- 
gal, comprising  the  districts  of  Chittagong,  Noakhally,  and 
Tipperah,  also  the  Chittagong  Hill  tracts  and  Hill  Tip- 
perah.  Area,  17,459  square  miles.  Pop.  3,512,563.  Chit- 
tagong DISTRICT  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal  and 
S.  by  Northern  Aracan.  Lat.  20°  45'-22°  59'  N.;  Ion.  91° 
30'-92'»  23'  E.  Area,  2498  square  miles.  It  is  generally 
low  and  level.  Chief  products,  rice  and  cotton.  Capital, 
Chittagong.     Pop.  1,127,402. 

Chittagong  HiH  "Tracts,  a  region  or  district  in  the 
Chittagong  division  of  Bengal,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  British 
Burmah.  Lat.  21°  13'-23°  47'  N,;  Ion.  91°  46'-92°  49'  E. 
Area,  6882  square  miles.  It  is  a  wild  and  rough  jungle 
region,  where  elephants  and  tigers  abound.  The  people 
are  largely  of  uncivilized  hill  tribes,  governed  by  native 
chiefs  under  British  direction.  Cotton,  c»rn,  rice,  tea,  to- 
bacco, and  wood  oil  are  among  the  products.     Pop.  69,607. 

Chittai,  chit'ti\  one  of  the  Laccadive  Islands,  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  155  miles  S.W.  from  Mangalore.  Lat.  11° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  42'  E. 

ChitUapet',  a  town,  and  formerly  an  important  fort- 
ress, of  British  India,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  It  was 
once  capital  of  the  principality  of  Odeypoor,  and  celebrated 
•"or  its  strength  and  riches. 

ChitHeldroog',  or  Chitradurg,  chit^ra-doorg',  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name,  128 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Seringapatam,  with  a  strong  fortress. 
Pop.  5812. 

Chitteldroog,  a  district  of  the  Mysore  province,  British 
India.  Area,  4471  square  miles.  Capital,  Chitteldroog. 
Pop.  531,360. 

ChitHenan'go,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Chittenango  Creek,  and  near  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road and  the  Erie  Canal,  2  miles  S.  of  Chittenango  Sta- 
tion, and  14  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  bank,  an  academy  or  polytechnic  institute,  a  foundry,  a 
paper-mill,  a  cider-  and  vinegar-factory,  and  a  cotton- 
factory,  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  792. 
Chittenango  Springs,  2  miles  S.  of  the  village,  have  very 
useful  saline  sulphur  waters,  and  are  much  visited. 

Chittenango  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison 
CO.,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction,  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Madison  and  Onondaga  cos.,  and  enters  Oneida 
Lake  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Chittenango  Falls,  a  post-hapalet  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Chittenango  Creek,  and  on  the  Cazenovia,  Canas- 
tota  &  De  Ruyter  Railroad,  about  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill.  The  creek 
here  falls  about  160  feet. 

Chittenango  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Syracuse,  and  2  miles  from 
Chittenango  Village.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cider-  and 
vinegar-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Chittenden,  chit't§n-d§n,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Vermont,  has  an  ar^  of  about  516  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Lamoille  and  Winooski  Rivera,  which  afford  abun- 
dant water-power.  Mount  Mansfield  stands  on  the  E.  bor- 
der of  this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  with 


beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted 
to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter,  cheese,  hay,  lumber,  oats, 
potatoes,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  gneiss,  Silurian  limestone,  and  slate, 
and  a  beautiful  variegated  marble  called  Winooski  marble, 
the  prevailing  color  of  which  is  red.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  several  branches  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad. 
Capiul,  Burlington.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,480  j  in  1880,  32,792 ; 
in  1890,  35,389. 

Chittenden,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  802. 

Chittenden's  Falls,  a  village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.. 
in  Stockport  township.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper. 

Chitto  Bayou.    See  Bogue  Chitto. 

Chittoor,  or  Chittur,  chit'toor',  a  town  of  British 
India,  80  miles  W.  of  Madras,  capital  of  North  Arcot. 

Chittoor,  or  Chittur,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  state 
of  Cochin.     Area,  285  square  miles.     Pop.  65,952. 

Chit'tra,  or  Chat'ra,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hazarybaugh.  It  has  a  great  yearly 
cattle  fair  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  8818. 

Chi-Tsien,  a  city  of  China.    See  Shee-Tsien. 

Chiuro,  ke-oo'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  7 
miles  E.  of  Sondrio,  on  the  Adda.  Pop.  1591.  The  plague 
of  1629-30  first  broke  out  here. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  18,  ke-oo'sJ,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Coni,  on  the  Pesio.  Pop. 
6330.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  manufactories  of  silk 
fabrics  and  glass-wares. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora  Ripaira.  It  is  the  place  of 
sepulture  for  the  royal  family.     Pop.  1086. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intendancy 
and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  6968. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  a  defile  of  Northern  Italy, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Verona,  through  which  pass  the  Adige 
River  and  a  great  route  between  Italy  and  the  Tyrol. 

Chiusauo,  ke-oo-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Avellino.     Pop.  2448. 

Chiusi,  ke-oo'see  (anc.  Clu'sium),  a  city  of  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  province  and  56  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sienna. 
Pop.  4660.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  highly  interesting 
museums  of  Etruscan  antiquities,  with  a  cathedral  ani] 
several  convents ;  near  it  are  many  sepulchral  remains  of 
Clusium,  one  of  the  twelve  ancient  capitals  of  Etruria. 

Chiusi,  Lake  of,  in  Italy,  1  mile  E.  of  the  above 
city,  forms  a  portion  of  the  Tuscan  frontier  on  the  east.  It 
is  4  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  by  1  mile  in  breadth, 
and  traversed  by  the  Tuscan  Chiana.     Its  banks  are  marshy. 

Chiva,  chee'vi,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  W. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  3954. 

Chivasso,  ke-vis'so,  a  walled  city  of  Italy,  Piedmont, 
at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Turin,  on  the  Po. 
It  has  a  handsome  church,  5  convents,  and  the  remains 
of  the  castles  of  the  Counts  of  Montferrat.     Pop.  9062. 

Chivilcoy,  chee-veel-ko'e,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  115  miles  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  6863. 

Chiv'ington,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co..  Col.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Sheridan  Lake.     It  has  a  newspaper-office. 

Chiz'wa,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  in 
Allahabad  district.     Pop.  5791. 

Chlumetz,  or  Chlumecz,  Kloo'mits,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Zydlina,  46  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Prague. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods ;  and  in  its  vicinity  are 
mineral  springs.  Pop.  3276.  Near  this  town  the  Austriant 
were  defeated  by  the  Prussians,  July  3,  1866. 

Chmielnik,  Chmjelnik,  or  Khmielnik,  Eme- 
51'nik,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  93  miles  N.E.  of 
Kamieniec.     Pop.  7787. 

Chmielnik,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  19  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Kielce.     Pop.  5181. 

Choaspes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Kerah. 

Chobando,  cho-bS.n'do,  or  Sebando,  se-b&n'do,  a 
town  of  Thibet,  230  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  30°  17' 
N. ;  Ion.  95°  40'  E.     Here  are  two  Booddhist  convents. 

Chobda,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kedje. 

Chobe,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  N'gami. 

Choc  or  Choque  (shok)  Bay,  West  Indies,  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  St.  Lucia,  one  of  the  Windward  Islands. 

Choc^coloc'co,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  7 
miles  by  rail  from  Oxford.  It  has  3  churches,  academies, 
and  manufactures  of  brick.     Pop.  400. 

Choccolocco  Creek,  Alabama,  drains  part  of  Cal- 
houn CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Coosa  River 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Talladega. 

Chocholna,  KO-Kol'n&,  a  village  of  Hungary,  38  milet 


CHU 


CHO 


N.E.  of  Trentsohin,  on  the  Waag.  It  has  mineral  springs. 
Pop.  660. 

ChocO)  cho'ko,  a  large  bay  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  extending  from  Point  Chirambira  on 
the  N.  to  Point  Guascama  on  the  S. 

Choco,  a  bay  forming  the  southernmost  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Darien.     The  Atrato  falls  into  it. 

Choco,  a  province  of  the  department  of  Caaoa,  republic 
of  Colombia,  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Choco'lay,  a  township  of  Marquette  cc,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Superior.     Pop.  456.     It  contains  Harvey. 

Cho'connt,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y.     Pop.  939. 

Choconut  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
3i  miles  N.W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Chocor'ua,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  near 
Chocorua  Mountain,  4  miles  N.  of  West  Ossipee.  It  has  a 
church. 

Chocorua  Mountain,  New  Hampshire,  is  in  Albany 
township,  Carroll  co.  Its  altitude  is  3540  feet  above  the 
sea-level.  It  has  a  sharp  peak,  and  is  said  to  be  "the  most 
picturesque  and  beautiful  of  the  mountains  of  New  England." 

Choco'ville,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark. 

Choc'owin'ity,  a  post-township  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C., 
30  miles  from  New-Berne.  It  has  5  churches.  It  exports 
cotton,  turpentine,  shingles,  Ac.     Pop.  1630. 

Choc'taw,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  91  (J  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Cap- 
ital, Butler.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,676  5  in  1880,  15,731;  in 
1890,  17,526. 

Choctaw,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  404  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Big  Black  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  gum,  oak,  hickory,  yellow 
pine,  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Chester. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,988;  in  1880,  9036;  in  1890,  10,847. 

Choctaw,  a  station  in  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  E,  of  Sherman. 

Choctaw  Agency,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  co.. 
Miss.,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  a  church. 

Choctaw  City,  a  post-town  of  Oklahoma  co.,  Okla- 
homa, 16  miles  E.  of  Oklahoma  city.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  200. 

Choctaw  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala., 
about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  2  churches. 

ChocUawhatch'ee  River  rises  in  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
and  flows  southwestward  to  Holmes  co.  in  Florida.  It 
runs  southward  through  Florida,  and  enters  the  east  end 
of  Choctawhatchee  Bay,  which  is  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.     The  river  is  about  180  miles  long. 

Choctaw  Indians,  a  tribe  formerly  inhabiting  the 
middle  portions  of  Mississippi,  on  both  sides  of  the  Yazoo 
River,  but  now  settled  in  the  Indian  Territory,  along  the 
southern  banks  of  the  Arkansas  River.  They  have  made 
advancement  in  the  arts  of  civilization,  have  good  farms, 
are  skilled  in  the  mechanic  arts,  and  are  governed  by  a 
written  constitution  and  laws.  Few  tribes  have  been  more 
benefited  by  the  labors  of  the  missionary, 

Choczim,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Chotym. 

Chodziesen,  Kot^see'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Posen,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  3092. 

Choestoe,  cho'sto,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Chog'dah,  Chagdah,  ch&g'd&,  or  Chakdaha, 
ch&k'da-ha,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly  River,  30 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  great  jute-market, 
and  is  a  sacred  place  for  bathing. 

Choiseul,  shwi^zul',  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the 
Solomon  group,  E.  point  in  lat.  7°  29'  S.,  Ion.  157°  65'  E. 

Choiseul,  shwi'zul',  a  harbor  of  Madagascar,  on  the  E. 
eoast  of  the  island,  in  the  Bay  of  Antongil. 

Choisy-en-Brie,  shwi^zee'-fiii^-bree,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coulommiers. 
Pop.  1330. 

Choisy-sur-Seine,  shwi^zee'-siiR-sin,  or  Choisy- 
le-Roi,  shw4*zee'-l§h-rwi,  a  town  of  France,  on  the 
Seine,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paris.  Pop.  5819.  It  has 
extensive  manufactures  of  glass-wares,  porcelain,  soap, 
morocco  leather,  and  chemical  products. 

Chokier,  sho^ke-i',  a  village  of  Belgium,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Liege,  with  extensive  lime-works.     Pop.  651. 

Cholame,  cho-l&'me,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
eo.,  Cal. 


Choleechel,  cho-li-chSl',  or  Chuelechnel,  chwi-li. 
chwil',  a  considerable  island  of  the  Argentine  Republic^ 
formed  by  the  Rio  Negro,  220  miles  N.W.  of  Carmen. 

Cholen,  or  Cho-£iOn,  shoHfin"',  a  town  of  French 
Cochin  China,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saigon.  It  is  a  mart  for 
rice,  and  has  an  export  trade.    Pop.  15,000,  largely  Chinese 

Cholet,  or  Chollet,  shoMi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Moine,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Angers. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  fine  woollen  and 
mixed  cloths,  batiste,  cotton  yarn,  &c.,  cloth-markets,  and 
a  brisk  trade  in  cattle.     Pop.  12,335. 

Cholm,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Chelm. 

Cholm,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kholm. 

Cholmondeley,  chum'lee,  a  township  of  England,  oo. 
of  Chester,  parish  of  Malpas,  7  miles  W.  of  Nantwich. 

ChoMook',  the  aboriginal  name  of  the  Yosemite  Falls. 

Cholula,  cho-loo'l4,  an  Indian  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pueblo,  is  situated  on  the  table- 
land of  Anahuac.  Elevation,  6912  feet.  Close  to  the  town 
is  a  dilapidated  pyramid  of  clay  and  brick,  erected  by  the 
ancient  Mexicans,  177  feet  in  height,  measuring  1440  feet 
on  each  side  at  its  base,  ascended  by  120  steps,  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  chapel  erected  by  the  Spaniards.  Cortez,  in 
the  sixteenth  century,  recorded  that  Cholula  (ano.  Churul- 
tecal)  then  contained  20,000  houses,  besides  as  many  in  the 
suburbs,  and  more  than  400  towers  of  temples.     Pop.  6000, 

Chom^rac,  sho^mi'rik',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  ArdSche,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  2454. 

Chomow,  the  Bohemian  for  Tabor. 

Chongollape,  chon-gol-yl'pi,  a  town  of  Peru,  prorhiw 
and  60  miles  inland  from  Chiclnyo.     Pop.  2000. 

Chong^-Ping',  or  Chang-Ping,  a  large  town  of 
Chin.a,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Foo-Choo, 

Chonos,  or  Khonos,  Ko^nos'  (anc.  Colos'ste,  after- 
wards Cho'nie),  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  60  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Ala-Shehr. 

Chonos  (cho'noce)  Archipelago,  an  island  group  of 
Chili,  oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  mostly  between  lat.  44* 
and  46°  S.  and  Ion.  74°  and  75°  W.  Some  of  the  islandi 
are  large,  but  all  except  a  few  outlying  ones  are  bare  and 
scantily  inhabited. 

Choo,  a  Chinese  prefix.     See  Cheoo. 

Choo^dan'gah,  or  Chuadanga,  choo^a-d&n'g^  m 
town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea  district,  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Calcutta. 

Chooi,  Chui,  Tchoni,  Tchni,or  Tchuy,  choo'oe, 
written  also  Tschu,  choo,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  issues 
from  Lake  Issyk-Kool,  near  the  W.  frontiers  of  the  Chinese 
Empire,  about  lat.  42°  30'  N.,  Ion.  76°  E.,  flows  circuitously 
W.N.W.  through  the  country  of  Kirgheez,  and,  after  a  course 
of  from  600  to  700  miles,  empties  itself  into  marshes  and 
sands,  about  45°  20'  N.,  Ion.  67°  30'  E.  It  receives  several 
large  affluents.  In  spring  its  current  is  very  impetuous,  and 
in  the  end  of  autumn  broad  and  saltish  lakes  are  formed  by 
its  outflow ;  but  its  waters  do  not  reach  the  sea. 

Choo-Kiang.     See  Canton  River,  also  Hong-Kiako. 

Choolim,  Tchoolim,  Tchoulim,  or  Tschulim, 
choo-lim',  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Yeniseisk 
and  Tomsk,  joins  the  Obi  100  miles  N.W.  of  Tomsk,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  500  miles. 

Choomp-Hoon,  choomp'-hoon',  a  town  of  Siam,  on  a 
river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  Lat.  11°  N.; 
Ion.  99°  30'  E.     Pop.  8000.     Here  is  a  military  fort. 

Choon'ga,  a  village  of  Sinde,  E.  of  the  Indus,  40  miles 
E.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Choong  KooS,  or  Choong  Kweh.     See  Chiha. 

Choonka,  a  village  of  Sinde.     See  Choonga. 

Choo^roo',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Rajpootana,  do- 
minions and  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bickaneer.  Exclusive  of 
suburbs,  it  is  about  1^  miles  in  circumference,  and  hand- 
somely built  of  white  limestone. 

Chooroom,  Churum,  or  Tschurum,  choo^room', 
written  also  Tchorum,  and  Chorum,  a  town  of  Asi* 
Minor,  pashalicof  Seevas,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Osmanjik.  Pop. 
about  7600,  mostly  Mohammedans.  It  has  a  castle,  16 
mosques,  manufactures  of  earthenware,  leather,  Ac. 

Choo-Yung,  or  Tchou-Yung,  choo-yttng',  a  city 
of  China,  province  and  75  miles  W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Choper,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Khoper. 

Chopersk,  Novo  (or  New).     See  Novo-Khopersk. 

Cho'prah,  a  town  of  the  Candeish  district,  British 
India,  150  miles  E.  of  Surat.     Pop.  12,262. 

Chop'tank,  a  post- village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  14  milei  . 
S.  of  Denton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  canning-factory,  •  ■ 
shirt-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  125.  I 

Choptank  River  rises  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  and  rum   • 
I  southwestward  through  Caroline  co.,  Md.     It  forms  the 


OHO 


887 


CHR 


boundary  between  Dorchester  and  Talbot  cos.,  and  enters 
Cbesapeake  Bay  through  a  wide  estuary  which  is  nearly  20 
miles  long.     It  is  navigable  by  sloops  for  45  miles. 

Choque  Bay,  in  the  West  Indies.     See  Choc  Bat. 

Chora,  a  town  of  Samos.     See  Cora. 

Chorasmia.    See  Kharasm  and  Khita. 

Chorassan,  a  province  of  Persia.     See  Khorassan. 

Chorees,  shoRzh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
9  miles  E.  of  Gap.  This  was  the  Roman  Caturigse,  capital 
of  the  Caturiges.     Pop.  1795. 

Chorgoon,  Tchorgoun,  or  Tschorguu,  ohor- 
goon',  a  locality  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  the  Chernaya, 
E.  of  Sevastopol.  ' 

Chorillos,  cho-reel'yoce,  a  village  and  watering-place 
of  Peru,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lima.  It  is  much  resorted  to 
by  the  inhabitants  of  Lima  for  sea-bathing.  Around  it  are 
many  remains  of  ancient  edifices. 

Chorley,  chor'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Chor,  near  the  Yarrow,  and  on  the  Leeds  <fc  Liver- 
pool Canal,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Preston,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  railway.  It  has  an  ancient  parish  church  in 
the  Norman  style,  a  handsome  Gothic  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  town  hall,  and  a  workhouse,  with  numerous  mills 
for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  yarn,  muslins,  jaconets,  and 
fancy  goods.  In  its  vicinity  are  coal-  and  lead-mines,  slate- 
and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  16,864. 

Chorley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.W.  of  Macclesfield.     Pop.  1643. 

Chorloo,  Tchorlou,or  Tschorlu,  chor'loo,  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Rodosto, 
on  a  railway  from  Constantinople.     Pop.  4000. 

Chorol,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Khorol. 

Chorolque,  cho-rol'ki,  a  snowy  mountain  of  Bolivia. 
Lat.  21°  28'  S.     Height,  16,548  feet. 

Choros  (cho'roce)  Islands,  three  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Chili.  The  largest  is  in  lat. 
29°  17'  S.,  Ion.  71°  36'  W. 

ChorostkOAV,  Ko-rost'kov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gali- 
cia,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarnopol,  on  the  Teyna.     Pop.  4901. 

Chorrera,  choR-R^'ri,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  on  the  isthmus  and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Panama, 
near  the  head  of  the  river  Chorrera,  which  enters  the  Pacific 
by  a  deep  mouth  10  miles  W.  of  Panama. 

Chorsa,  a  city  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kars. 

Choruk,  Tchoruk,  or  Tschoruk,  cho'riik',  written 
also  Tchorak,  Tscharuk,  Joruk,  Jorak,  and  Ba> 
toomi  (anc.  Aeampsisf),  a  river  of  Turkish  and  Russian 
Armenia,  flows  N.E.  and  N.  through  a  part  of  the  pashalic 
of  Erzroom,  and  enters  the  Black  Sea  between  Goonieh  and 
Batoom.    Length,  200  miles. 

Chorum,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Chooroom. 

Chorzele,  K0R-zi'16,  a  town  of  Rujisian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Plock,  16  miles  N.  of  Przasznic,  on  the  frontier 
of  Prussia.  Pop.  2580.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  leather. 

Chosarasp,  Ko^s&-r&sp'?  or  Hasarasp,  a  walled 
town,  khanat  and  40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Khiva.  It  has  2 
castles,  10  mosques,  and  a  brick  college. 

Chota,  cho'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  department  of  Libertad,  among  the  Andes, 
ou  an  affluent  of  the  Maranon,  130  miles  N.  of  Trujillo. 

Chota-Nagpoor.    See  Chuta-Naqpoor. 

Choteau,  sho-to',  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Montana,  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Judith,  Maria's,  and  Milk  Rivers,  and  other 
streams.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous ;  the  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Among  the  remarkable  features  of  this 
county  is  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri  River,  which  has 
a.  perpendicular  descent  of  87  feet.  The  plains  and  valleys 
are  nearly  destitute  of  forests,  but  timber  abounds  on  the 
mountains.  Capital,  Fort  Benton.  Pop,  in  1870,517;  In 
1880,  3058;  in  1890,  4741. 

Choteau,  shoHS',  or  Chouteau,  shooHo'  apost-ofSce 
and  station  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  33 
miles  S.  of  Vinita. 

Choteau,  a  post- village  of  Choteau  co.,  Montana,  65 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Benton.  It  has  a  ohuroh  organization 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Choteau  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D. 

Chotebor,  Kot'i-boR\  Kotiebor,  Kot'yi-boR*,  or 
Chotieborz,  Kot'yi-boRz\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a 
railway,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  3814. 

Choteesghur,  a  district  of  India.  See  Chutteesgurh. 
Choti,  cho'tee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  district 
of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan.     Pop.  7300. 

Chotieschau,  Kot'y4,-sh6w\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1016. 


Chotusitz,  Ko'too-zits^,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  2^  milei 
N.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1300. 

Chotyn,Khotin,  Khotine,  Ko-teen',  or  Choczim, 
Ko'chim,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Southern  Russia,  in 
Bessarabia,  on  the  Dniester,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Eamieniec. 
Till  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  the  northern- 
most fort  of  the  Ottoman  Empire.     Pop.  18,148. 

Chotzen,  Kot'z^n,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  ID 
miles  E.  of  Chrudim,  on  the  Stille-Adler.     Pop.  3381. 

Choubar,  Beloochistan.    See  Charbar. 

Chouche,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shoosba. 

Chouchnck,  choo^chQk',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
jab, on  the  Ravee,  62  miles  S.W,  of  Lahore. 

Chonia,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shooya. 

Choumalari,  Himalayas.     See  Shumalari. 

Chouinla,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Shoomla. 

Chouragur,  chooVa-giir',  a  town  and  strong  fortress  of 
British  India,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Hoshungabad. 

Chouster,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Shooster. 

Chouz6,  shoo^z^',  or  Chouz^-sur-Loire,  shoo^zi'- 
sUr-lwaR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Chinon.     Pop.  3323. 

Chouzy,  shoo^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher, 
on  a  railway,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Blois.     Pop.  1239. 

ChoAV,  a  Chinese  prefix.     See  Cheoo. 

Chow,  Tchow,  or  Tschou,  ch5w,  a  populous  walled 
town  of  West  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Katunga. 
Lat.  9°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  50'  E. 

Chowan,  cho-w&n',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  220  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Chowan  River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Capital,'  Edenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  6450;  in  1880, 
7900;  in  1890,  9167. 

Chowan  River,  North  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  Me- 
herrin  and  Nottoway  Rivers,  which  unite  about  5  miles 
above  Winton.  It  runs  southeastward  and  southward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Bertie  and  Chowan  cos.,  and  enters 
Albemarle  Sound  at  its  W.  end.  Sloops  can  ascend  from 
its  mouth  to  its  origin,  nearly  50  miles. 

Chowbent,  a  town  of  England.     See  Atherton. 

Chowry  Islands,  two  small  islands  of  the  Nioobar 
group.     See  Nicobar  Islands. 

Choynica,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Konitz. 

Chrast,  Kr&st,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  6^  miles  S.E.  of 
Chrudim.     Pop. 1666. 

Chrast,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  643. 

Chris'man,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Paris,  and  32  miles  E.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  <&c. 
Its  products  are  solely  agricultural.     Pop.  820. 

Chris'ney,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Spencer  co., 
Ind.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rockport.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery,  Ac.     Pop.  375. 

Christburg,  krlst'bfidRO,  a  town  or  Prussia,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Sorge.  It  has  distilleries, 
woollen-mills,  breweries,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  3303. 

Christ'church,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
on  the  S.W.  border  of  the  New  Forest,  and  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Avon  and  Stour,  on  Christchurch  Bay  (English  Chan- 
nel), 20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Southampton.  It  is  named 
from  its  fine  old  church,  formerly  collegiate,  founded  early 
in  Saxon  times,  but  rebuilt  in  the  reign  of  William  II 
Christchurch  has  some  small  manufactures  of  watch-springs 
and  hosiery,  and  a  salmon-fishery.  It  sends  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.  The  phenomenon  of  a  double 
tide  every  12  hours  occurs  at  Christchurch  Bay.  The  town 
itself  is  small,  but  in  the  borough,  including  Bournemouth, 
&c.,  there  is  a  population  of  42,000. 

Christchurcn,  a  town  of  England,  in  Monmouthshire, 
is  a  suburb  of  Newport.     Pop.  2412. 

Christ'church,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  South 
Island,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Canterbury,  is  on  the 
Avon  River,  7  miles  from  the  sea.  Railways  extend  hence 
to  Lyttelton  (the  nearest  port),  also  to  Rangaia,  and  to  the 
southern  parts  of  the  province.  Christchurch  has  a  college, 
a  convent,  museum,  town  library,  lunatic  asylum,  agricul- 
tural college,  fine  provincial  buildings,  theatre,  inebriate 
asylum,  jail,  5  banks,  (!^j.,and  is  the  see  of  an  Anglican 
bishop,  the  primate  of  New  Zealand.  It  has  several  daily 
and  weekly  newspapers,  a  fire  department,  and  good  schools. 
Pop.  in  1891,  16,223  ;  or,  including  suburbs,  47,846. 

Christ  Church,  a  township  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  4493.  It  extends  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Boll's 
Bay  to  Charleston  harbor. 


CHR  ^ 

CbristiaU)  a  district  of  Norway.  See  Christians- Amt. 
Chris'tian,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  710  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Sangamon  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  Fork  of  the  same.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  has  extensive 
prairies,  among  which  groves  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
and  other  trees  are  distributed.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  Central,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis,  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi,  and  the  Wabagh  Rail- 
roads, the  two  latter  passing  through  Taylorsville,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,363;  in  1880,  28,227;  in  1890,  30,531. 

Christian,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky, 
bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  708  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little  River  and  Tradewater  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  of  the 
level  portion  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Cavernous  lime- 
stone and  bituminous  coal  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It 
is  intersected  by  two  sections  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Hopkinsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,227  j 
in  1880,  31,682;  in  1890,  34,118. 

Cliristiau,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  556  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Finley 
Creek  and  several  small  affluents  of  White  R' ver.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Copper,  iron, 
and  lead  are  found  in  it.  This  county  has  forests  of  hickory, 
oak,  and  pine,  and  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  <k  San 
Francisco  Railroad.  Capital,  Ozark.  Pop.  in  1870,  6707  j 
in  1880,  9628;  in  1890,  14,017. 

Christian,  a  post-village  of  Palo  Pinto  cc,  Tex.,  15 
miles  rr,  by  E.  of  Palo  Pinto.     It  has  public  schools. 

Christiana,  kris-te-ah'na,  a  small  river,  rises  in  Cass 
CO.,  Mich.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River 
at  Elkhart,  Ind. 

Christiana,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  ex- 
tends from  Delaware  River  northwestward  across  the  state. 
Pop.  5370,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Wilmington. 

Christiana,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Christiana  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It 
is  2i  miles  from  Stanton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3 
churches  and  2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  443. 

Christiana,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  about 
28  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Christiana,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.  P.  310. 
Christiana,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Sadsbury  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  a  foun- 
dry, 1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  a  coach-shop.  Pop.  about  500. 
Christiana,  a  village  in  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Mur- 
freesborough.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Jordan's  Valley. 

Christiana,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 
Christiana,  a  post-township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1593. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Cambridge. 

Christiana,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1374. 
Christiana  Creek,  Delaware,  is  formed  by  Red  Clay 
and  White  Clay  Creeks,  which  unite  in  New  Castle  co.  It 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  about 
2  miles  below  Wilmington.  Vessels  drawing  14  feet  of  water 
can  ascend  it  to  that  city. 

Christiania,or  Kristiania,  kris-te-S,'ne-&,  the  cap- 
ital city  of  Norway,  picturesquely  situated  at  the  head  of 
Christiania- Fiord,  in  lat.  59°  54'  1"  N.,  Ion.  10°  45'  E. 
Temperature  of  the  year,  41°.4;  winter,  23°;  summer,  59°. 9 
Fahr.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  pretty  well  built, 
wholly  of  stone  or  brick ;  the  adjacent  old  town,  Opslo,  and 
other  suburbs,  are  mostly  constructed  of  timber.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  a 
citadel,  and  the  great  arsenal  of  the  kingdom,  a  royal  resi- 
dence, military  and  lunatic  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  bank, 
and  exchange,  2  theatres,  a  university  having  a  library  of 
200,000  volumes,  various  public  schools,  museums,  an  astro- 
nomical observatory,  and  a  botanic  garden.  The  manufac- 
tures of  the  city  consist  of  woollen  cloths,  iron-ware,  tobacco, 
paper,  leather,  soap,  cotton  yarn,  spirits,  glass,  Ac.  There 
are  also  some  extensive  breweries.  The  exports  are  princi- 
pally timber,  deal  planks,  iron,  fish,  battens,  matches,  linens, 
woollens,  nickel,  wood-pulp,  and  beer.  Christiania  is  the  ter- 
minus of  a  sj'stem  of  railways.  The  environs  of  the  city  are 
exceedingly  beautiful,  the  approach  to  it  by  the  magnificent 


CHR 


fiord  exciting  the  admiration  of  all  visitors.  The  fiord  it> 
self  is  frozen  for  upwards  of  two  months  of  the  year,  from 
about  20  miles  from  Christiania  to  the  sea,  and  the  harbor 
is  generally  locked  up  for  three  or  four  months.  Pop.  in 
1875,  77,041.  In  1878  the  city  limits  were  extended.  On 
January  1,  1884,  the  population  was  124,155;  in  1891 
150,444_.    Pop.  of  the  stift  or  diocese  of  Christiania,  489,995! 

Christian  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  Huron.  Lat* 
44°  47'_N._;  Ion.  79°  57'  30"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Christianople,  krisHe-in-o'pgl,  a  town  of  Sweden. 
laen  and  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlscrona,  on  Kalmar  Sound! 
It  was  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  200. 

Christians-  (or  Kristians-)  Amt,  kris'te-lns-imt, 
a  province  of  Southern  Norway,  traversed  by  the  river 
Lougen,  and  by  many  mountain-ranges.  Area,  9670  square 
miles.     Lat.  60°-62°  N.;  Ion.  8°-ll°  E.     Pop.  115,803. 

Christiansand,  kris'te-in-sind^  a  town  of  Norway, 
near  its  S.  extremity,  capital  of  a  stift  of  the  same  name, 
on  a  fiord  of  the  Skager-Rack,  157  miles  S.W.  of  Christiania. 
Lat.  58°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  3'  E.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
built  chiefly  of  wood.  Principal  edifices,  the  citadel  Fred- 
ericksholm,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  and  a  cathedral  school.  A 
good  deal  of  ship-building  is  carried  on ;  it  has  an  export 
trade  in  timber,  fish,  and  lobsters.  The  harbor  is  deep  and 
well  sheltered,  and  is  defended  by  several  batteries,  and  by 
the  fort  of  Christianholm,  on  the  small  island  of  Oddero, 
at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor.  Christiansand  is  the  resi- 
dence of  a  bishop,  and  of  the  Stiftsamtmand  or  governor  of 
the  province.     Pop.  in  1891,  12,831. 

Chris'tiansburg,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  <fe  Lexington  Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  2  churches,  a  mill,  <feo. 

Christiansburg,  or  Addison,  a  post-village  of 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  25  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  or  4  general  stores,  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Christiausburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  a  valley  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Blue  Ridge,  86  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  contains  4  churches,  an  acadeuiy,  a  female  college,  a 
cigar-factory,  flour-mills,  lime-  and  cement-works,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  864. 

Christiansfeld,  kris'te-ins-ffild\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Sleswick,  7i  miles  N.  of  Hadersleben.  It  is  a  colony  of 
Moravian  Brothers,  founded  in  1773.     Pop.  684. 

Christianshavn,  kris'te-&ns-hown\  a  suburb  of  Co- 
penhagen, which  see. 

Christians-de,  kris'te-ins-o'^h,  a  group  of  islets  in 
Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  12  miles  N.  of  Bornholm,  consist- 
ing of  three  rocks,  between  the  first  two  of  which  is  a  secure 
haven.  It  is  fortified,  and  has  a  castle,  used  as  a  state 
prison.  On  Christians-b'e  is  a  revolving  light.  Lat.  55° 
19'  12"  N.;  Ion.  15°  12'  E.     Pop.  450. 

Chris'tianstad^  or  Christianstadt,  kris'te-an-stat 
(Sw.  Christian stad,  or  KristiavBtad,  kris'te-in-stid*),  a  for- 
tified town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a  laen  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  Helge-A,  near  the  Baltic,  265  miles  S.W.  of  Stock- 
holm. It  is  the  terminus  of  2  railways.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  artillery  barracks,  and  manufactures  of  gloves, 
linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  &c.     Pop.  7710. 

Christianstad,  a  laen  or  district  of  Sweden,  near  its 
S.  extremity,  mostly  enclosed  by  Halmstad,  Kronoberg, 
Carlscrona,  and  Malmdhus.  Area,  2507  square  miles. 
Pop.  230,869. 

Christianstadt,  kris'te-S,n-st8,tt\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
on  the  Bober,  opposite  Naumburg.     Pop.  870. 

Christiansted,  kris'te-3,n-sted\  more  frequently  called 
Bas'sin,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  capital  of  the  Danish 
island  of  Santa  Cruz,  on  the  N.E.  coast.  It  has  a  small  but 
excellent  port,  with  a  fort  and  garrison.  Chief  exports, 
sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Christiansand,  kris'te-S,n-soond\  a  town  of  Norway, 
85  miles  W.S.W.  of  Trondhjem,  amt  of  Romsdal,  on  three 
islands  in  the  Atlantic,  which  enclose  its  harbor.  It  has  au 
active  trade  and  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  5709. 

Chris'tiansville,  a  hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 

12  miles  N.W.  of  Boydton.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Christieville,  Quebec.     See  Saint  Athanase. 

Christine,  kris-teen',  a  post-borough  of  Mendocino 

CO.,  Cal.,  14  miles  W.  of  IJkiah.     It  has  dense  forests  of 

Redwood  trees.     Pop.  100. 

Christinehamn,  kris-tee'n§-ham\  a  town  of  Sweden, 

25  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Carlstad,  on  Lake  Wener.    P.  3123. 

Christinestadt,    or    Kristinestad,    kris-tee'n§h- 

stittS  a  town  of  Finland,  Isen  and  55  miles  S.  of  Vasa,  on 

the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.     It  has  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  2650 

Christler's  Landing,  Pa.    See  Shippinsport. 


I 


CHR  8 

Christinas  (kris'm^ss)  Cat'aracts  are  in  the  river 
Berbice,  British  Guiana.     Lat.  4°  41'  N.;  Ion.  57°  64'  W. 

Christinas  Harbor,  Kerguelen  Land,  Indian  Ocean, 
is  in  lat.  49°  20'  S.,  Ion.  69°  24'  E. 

Christmas  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  1°  67'  16.8" 
N.,  Ion.  157°  26'  49.5"  W.),  is  a  large  low  atoll,  with  a  good 
anchorage,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  an  American  guano 
company. 

Cnristmas  Island,  an  island  in  the  Little  Bras  d'Or, 

Cape  Breton,  with  a  post-village  and  settlement,  3  miles 

from  Grand  Narrows,  and  33  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney.    P.  1315. 

Christinas  Island,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  10° 

'Jl'  S.;  Ion.  105°  34'  E. 

Christmas  Sound,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  America, 
120  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Horn. 

Chris'topher,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  111.,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Benton.  It  has  2  churches  afld 
a  common  school.     Pop.  200. 

Chroma,   kro'mS,,  or  Dubrovvnik,  doo-brov'nik,  a 

small  fortified  Dalmatian  island  in  the  Adriatic,  ofiT  Ragusa. 

Chrome,  krom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  2 

miles  from   Nottingham  Railroad  Station,  and   about   55 

miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Chrome  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  Chrome  and  iron  ore  are 
found  here. 

Chron'icle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Catawba  oo.,  N.C.,  in 
Caldwell  township,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Statesville.  It 
has  a  church. 

I         Chronus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Niemen. 
I         Chrudim,  xroo'dim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Chru- 
I     dimka,  an  affluent  of  the  Elbe,  62  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
I     Prague.     It  has  a  fine  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  large 
I     markets  for  horses.     Pop.  9446. 
I         Chryso,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Kkisso. 
L^^hrysopolis,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Scutari. 
I^Khrysorrhoas,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barrada. 
I^^phrys'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  miles 
RN.E.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  486. 

Chrzanow,  Kzhi'nov,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  on 
the  Chechlo,  27  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Cracow.  Pop. 
4600.  It  has  an  active  commerce. 
I  Chualar,  choo^a-hvR',  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey  co., 
!  Cal.,  in  the  Salinas  Valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
i  road,  128  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 
I  Chuapa,  choo-i'pS,,  a  river  of  Chili,  forming  the  S. 
I  boundary-line  of  the  province  of  Coquimbo,  and  separating 
I  it  from  Aconcagua.  It  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes, 
I  and  falls  into  the  Pacific  after  a  course  of  about  126  miles, 
]     in  lat.  31°  38'  S. 

Chubb's   Corners,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co., 
Mich.,  7  miles  S.  of  Howell. 
I         Chubb's  Dock,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
i      Lake  Charaplain,  and  oo  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  7 
I     miles  N.  of  Whitehall. 

IH|phub  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala. 
H^B^hubra'now,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  about  25 
■THles  S.  of  Furruckabad.     Pop.  5562. 

Chuck'atuck,  a  post-village  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  N.  of  Suffolk.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
Chuck'y   VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  7  miles  from  Jonesborough. 

Chucuito,  Chucuyto,  choo-kwee'to,  or  Chuquito, 
ohoo-kee'to,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  a  province  of  its  own  name, 
department  of  Puno,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Puno,  and  85  miles  E.  of  Arequipa.  Pop. 
about  5000.  In  the  province  are  mines  of  silver  and  gold. 
Splendid  specimens  of  the  remains  of  antiquity  have  been 
found  here.     Pop.  about  75,000. 

Chudleigh,  chiid'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Exeter.     Pop.  of  parish,  2042. 
Chuelechuel  Island.     See  Choleechel. 
Chuen-Pee,  Tchuen-Pi,  or  Tschuen-Pi,  chu^ 
*n^pee',  a  port  of  China,  on  an  island  opposite  Tycocktow 
Point,  in  tne  Canton  River,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 

Chuganserai,  choo-gin-se-ri',  a  river  of  Afghanistan, 
rises  in  Kafiristan,  and  joins  the  Cabool  near  Jelalabad. 

Chuganserai,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  above, 
^0  miles  N.E.  of  Cabool.     Lat.  34°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  8'  E. 
Chug  Water,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 
Chugwater  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  Albany  oo., 
runs  nearly  northward,  and  enters  the  Laramie  River  about 
20  miles  from  its  mouth.     Length,  about  100  miles. 
Chui,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Chooi. 
Chuka,  choo'ki,  a  castle  of  Bootan,  near  a  river,  here 
crossed  by  a  chain  suspension  bridge.     Lat.  27°  20'  N.: 
Ion.  89°  27'  E. 
67 


3  CHU 

Chn-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Cantox  Rivkg. 

Chu'la  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

ChuMafin'nee,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  oo.,  Ala., 
13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Edwardsville.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  primary  school.     Pop.  200. 

Chulaho'ma,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss., 
about  48  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  3  ohurohes 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chulas'ky,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa., 
about  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Danville. 

Chu'lio,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Chullumbrum,  India.     See  Chelluhbrux. 

Chulm,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Kulh. 

Chulna,  chool'na(anc.  Crocota  f),  an  islet  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Monze,  Beloochistan. 

Chulumani,  choo-loo-m&'noe,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  45 
miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Paz,  on  the  head-stream  of  the  Beni. 

Chuluo'ta,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Orlando.     It  has  2  churches,  &c.     Pop.  200 

Chuluwan,  choo-loo-w&n',  or  Holy  Island,  an 
island  5  or  6  miles  long,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  Mozam- 
bique Channel.     Lat.  20°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  34°  53'  E. 

Chumalari,  Himalaya.     See  SnirMALARi. 

Chum'ba,  Chamba,  or  Tschamba,  ch&m'b^  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  Ravee,  at  the  foot  of  the  Himalayas, 
120  miles  N.E.  of  Lahore.  Lat.  32°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  56'  E. 
Pop.  about  5000.  It  was  formerly  an  important  place  of 
commerce.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  a  native  tributary  state 
of  the  same  name,  bounded  N.E.  by  the  Cashmere  terri- 
tories.    Area  of  state,  3216  square  miles;  pop.  130,000. 

Chum^bul',  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  the  Vindhya 
Mountains,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Jumna  85 
miles  S.E.  of  Agra.     Length,  750  miles. 

Chumie,  choo'mee,  a  mountain-range  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  between  the  parallels  of  32°  and  33°  S.  and 
near  the  meridian  of  27°  E. 

Chumleigh,  chiim'lee,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Dart,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Exeter. 

Chumorereel,  Chamoreril,  chiim*o-r§-reeI',  or 
Chuinureri,  chiim^oo-r§-ree',  a  lake  of  Ladakh,  Asia. 
Lat.  33°  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E.     Length,  about  15  miles. 

Chum^paneer',  or  Pow^agurh',  a  town  of  India, 
Gwalior  dominions,  150  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oojein. 

Chumparun,  or  Champaran,  chilm-pa-riin',  a  dis- 
trict of  India,  in  the  Patna  division,  province  of  Bahar, 
bounded  N.  by  Nepaul.  Lat.  26°-28°  N.  j  Ion.  84°-86°  E. 
Area,  3531  square  miles.  It  is  generally  level  and  fertile, 
producing  grain,  rice,  indigo,  cordage,  and  saltpetre.  Cap- 
ital, Moteeharee.     Pop.  1,440,815. 

Chum^paAVUt',  a  town  of  North  Hindostan,  and  the 
old  capital  of  Kumaon,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Almora.  It  is 
built  of  stone,  and  has  some  Hindoo  temples. 

Chumureri,  a  lake  in  Asia.     See  Chumorerekl. 

Chunargurh,  chfin-ar-gur',  Chunar,  Chanar,  or 
Tsehanar,  chiin'&r,  a  town  of  India,  Mirzapoor  district, 
North-West  Provinces,  on  the  Ganges,  and  on  a  railway,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Benares,  with  a  fort,  a  prison,  a  hospital,  and 
an  old  palace.     Pop.  10,125. 

Chunchula,  chiin-ohoo'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mobile  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  a  church  and  4  distilleries  of  turpentine. 

Chundowsee,  or  Chandausi,  cbiln-dSw'see,  a  town 
of  India,  district  of  Moradabad,  North-West  Provinces,  45 
miles  W.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  22,122. 

Chundrakona,  or  Chandrakona,  chtln-dra-ko'n^ 
a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Midnapoor,  58  miles  W.  of 
Calcutta.    It  was  once  famous  for  cloth-weaving.    P.  21,331. 

Chungamah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Changama. 

Chunkey's  (cbunk'Iz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Newton  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad, 
18  miles  W.  of  Meridian.     It  has  a  church. 

Chun-Khing,  a  town  of  China.     See  Sbdn-King. 

Chun^nenug'gee,  a  station  in  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Colum- 
bus, Ga. 

Chun-Ning,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shun-Ning. 

Chun-Te,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shun-Te. 

Chupat,  choo-pat',  a  river  of  Patagonia,  which,  after  an 
E.  course,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  14°  15'  S.,  Ion.  65°  W. 

Chupat,  choo-p&t',  or  Chubut,  choo-but',  a  Welsh 
colony  in  Patagonia,  on  the  river  Chupat.  It  has  been  Sot 
many  years  sustained  by  the  government  of  the  Arg^entine 
Republic.     Pop.  about  150. 

Chupee  (ohoo'pee)  Creek}  of  Georgia,  flows  S.E. 
through  Monroe  and  Bibb  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulge* 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Macon.     It  is  called  also  Tobesofka. 


CHU 


890 


CHU 


Chup'parah)  a  town  of  British  India,  90  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Nagpoor. 

Chup'rah  (native,  Chhapra,  chiip'ra),  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  Sarun  district,  near  the  Ganges,  and  34  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Patna.  ,  It  is  a  place  of  much  wealth,  but  its 
trade  is  on  the  decline.  It  is  distinguished  for  commerce 
in  pottery,  brass  goods,  and  saltpetre.     Pop.  (1891)  57,352. 

Chuprowlee,  chiip-row'lee,  a  town  of  the  Meerut  dis- 
trict, North-West  Provinces,  India.  Lat.  22°  12'  N. ;  Ion. 
77°  15'  E.     Pop.  5266. 

Chu^qua  Ton'cha  Creek,  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Miss., 
flows  into  Oktibbeha  River. 

Chuqueapo,  choo-ki-i-po',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  near  La  Paz,  flows  mostly  N,,  and  may  be  con- 
sidered the  head-stream  of  the  Beni  and  Madeira  Rivers. 

Chuquibamba,  choo-ke-b&m'b&,  a  town  of  Peru,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Arequipa.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  mountain  of 
the  same  name.  Lat.  15°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  72"  20'  W.  Eleva- 
tion, 21,000  feet. 

Chuquisaca,  choo-ke-s&'k&,  Sucre,  soo'kri,  Char> 
cas,  char'kis,  or  La  Plata,  14  pli'ti,  a  city  of  Bolivia, 
situated  9343  feet  above  the  sea-level,  on  a  small  plateau 
above  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Cachimayo. 
Lat.  19°  40'  S.;  Ion.  65°  35'  W.  The  houses,  generally  of 
two  stories,  are  well  built,  and  have  usually  small  paved 
courts,  with  water  running  through  them;  the  streets  are 
regular,  spacious,  and  clean.  The  principal  square  is 
adorned  with  an  elegant  fountain.  The  bx'ildings  most  de- 
serving of  notice  are  the  cathedral,  a  magnificent  edifice  in 
the  Moresque  style,  with  lofty  towers  and  an  immense  dome, 
the  churches  of  San  Francisco  and  San  Miguel,  monasteries, 
nunneries,  and  a  theatre.  The  principal  educational  estab- 
lishments are  the  Seminary  of  St.  Christopher  and  the  Col- 
lege of  Junin.  There  is  also  an  endowment  called  Colegio 
de  las  Educandas,  where  female  orphans  are  brought  up. 
Chuquisaca  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  was  the  capital 
of  Bolivia  until  1869.  The  great  body  of  the  population 
are  Indians,  who  speak  a  language  called  Quichua.  Im- 
mense treasures  were  formerly  carried  across  the  river  at 
this  point;  hence,  from  the  terms  Ghoque  aaca  {i.e.,  "  bridge 
of  gold"),  the  town  is  supposed  to  have  derived  its  name. 
Estimated  pop.  in  1891,  30,000. 

Chuquisaca,  a  department  of  Bolivia,  on  the  S.E.  of 
the  great  table-land,  comprehending  four  provinces,  viz., 
C^huquisaca,  Centi,  Tornine,  and  Yamparaes.  Area,  72,796 
square  miles.     Pop.  360,680. 

Chnqnito,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Chucuito. 

Chur,  ohooR  (?),  a  mountain  of  India,  one  of  the  lofty 
peaks  of  Gurhwal,  near  the  sources  of  the  Jumna.  Height, 
12,149  feet.     Lat.  30°  52'  N.;  Ion.  77°  28'  E. 

Chur,  KOOR  (Fr.  Coire,  kwaR;  anc.  Cu'ria  or  Cu'ria 
Bhoeto'rum;  Romansh,  Cuera  and  Quoira),  the  capital  of 
the  Swiss  canton  of  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  the  Upper 
Rhine.  It  presents  much  curious  architecture,  and  has  a 
cathedral  partly  of  the  eighth  century,  a  bishop's  palace, 
Roman  Catholic  seminary,  cantonal  school  and  library,  some 
manufactures  of  zinc  wares  and  of  cutting  tools,  and  transit 
trade  with  Italy.     It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  7552. 

Church,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  4  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Blackburn.     Pop.  4450. 

Church,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  East  St.  Louis. 

Church,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa. 

Church  Buttes,  bats,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  N.E.  of 
Evanston. 

Church  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  several  stores. 

Church'es,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  on  the  Col- 
orado Central  Railroad,  24  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Denver. 

Church  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Hopkinsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Church  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
flour-  and  feed-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  596. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Miss., 
About  14  miles  N.E.  of  Natchez,  and  3  miles  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     It  has  a  church. 

Church  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Liberty  &  Vienna  Branch  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.W.  of  Youngstown,  and  2  miles  from  Girard 
Station.     It  has  several  churches  and  general  stores. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co..  Pa. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Holston  River,  9  miles  above  Rogersville.  It  has  a  ohuroh, 
a  gtist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 


Church  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Lefroy.     Pop.  150. 

Church'ill,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  cf  Ne- 
vada, has  an  area  of  about  4852  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Carson  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  oocupiod 
by  mountains  and  arid  plains,  in  which  timber  and  water 
are  scarce.  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  pro- 
ductive. Carson  Lake,  which  is  in  this  county,  has  no  out- 
let. Capital,  Stillwater.  Pop.  in  1870,  196  ;  in  1880,  479; 
in  1890,  703. 

Church'ill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Ocala.  It  has  a  church  organization,  a  publio 
school,  &c.     Pop.  100. 

Churchill,  a  post  hamlet  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich.,  about 
12  miles  N.E.  of  West  Branch. 

Church'ill,  Mis^sinnip'pi,  or  English  River,  of 
Canada,  rises  about  lat.  56°  40'  N.,  Ion.  109°  45'  W.,  runs 
eastward  and  northeastward  through  many  lakes,  and 
enters  the  west  side  of  Hudson's  Bay  near  Fort  Churchill, 
in  the  district  of  Keewatin.  Length,  estimated  at  800 
miles.  It  is  extensively  navigated  by  canoes,  but  hai 
many  rapids. 

Church'land,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Ya.,  4  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  West  Norfolk.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  100. 

Church  Mills,  New  York.     See  Wegatchie. 

Church  Over,  a  small  village  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  7  miles  from  Shelburne.    Pop.  130. 

Church  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Acadia  parish.  La., 
on  Bayou  Plaquemine,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Crowley.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  general  stores. 

Church  Run,  a  locality  in  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about  4 
miles  N.  of  Titusville.  It  has  afforded  much  oil.  A  pipe* 
line  runs  hence  to  Titusville. 

Church's  Falls,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Cataract. 

Church's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Ramsey  co.,  N.D., 
10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Devil's  Lake.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  150. 

Church  Street,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  2  miles  from  Port  Williams  Station.   Pop.  200. 

Church  Stret'ton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Salop,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  1756. 

Church  Town,  England.     See  Church. 

Church'town,  or  Bruhen'ny,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Cork,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleville.    P.  of  parish,  1319. 

Church'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  2\ 
miles  from  Claveraek  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Churchtown,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Churchtown,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Monroe  township,  1  mile  from  the  Harrisburg  <fe  Potomao 
Railroad,  and  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  plough-factory.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Allen.     Pop.  about  450. 

Churchtown,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Caernarvon  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Church  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Ya.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church. 

Church'ville,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Havre  de  Grace,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Belair.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  mills,  a  machine-shop,  a 
graded  school,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  493. 

Churchville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Ya.,  about 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
about  290. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Malton.  It  contains  a  tannery 
and  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Churchville,  a  post- village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  east  branch  of  East  River,  5  miles  S.  of  New  Glas- 
gow.    Pop.  150. 

Chur'dan,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  plough-factory,  a  tool- 
factory,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  377. 

Churkaree,  or  Charkbari,  chiir-k&'ree,  a  rajahship 
of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  tributary  to  the  British. 

Churn'to  wn,  a  small  mining  village  of  Shasta  co.,  CaL, 
7  miles  from  Reading. 

Churubusco,  choo-roo-boos'ko,  a  village  of  Mezio**, 
situated  on  the  Rio  de  Churubusco,  about  6  miles  S.  of  the 
capital.    It  contains  a  massive  stone  convent.    A  battle 


i 


cnu 


891 


OIL 


fought  here  on  the  20th  of  August,  1847,  between  the  Amer- 
icans under  General  Scott  and  the  Mexicans  under  Santa 
Anna,  resulting  in  the  total  defeat  of  the  latter. 

Chur^iibus'co,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Tuscunibia. 

Churubusco,  a  post-villnge  of  Whitley  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Smith  township,  10  iniles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  869. 

Chiirubu8CO,a8maIl  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Chpram,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Chooroom. 

Churwalden,  KooR'^ilM^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Grisons,  6  miles  S.  of  Chur.     Pop.  632. 

ChusaU)  choo^sin',  one  of  a  group  of  islands  oif  the  E. 
coast  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  opposite  the  estuary 
of  the  Tsien-Tang-Kiang,  50  miles  E.iSr.E.  of  Ning-Po, 
Lat.  of  the  harbor,  30°  0'  10"  N. ;  Ion.  122°  10'  E.  Length 
from  E.  to  W.,  10  miles ;  breadth,  from  6  to  20  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  The  products  comprise  rice,  wheat, 
tea,  cloth-grass,  sweet  potatoes,  cotton,  tobacco,  chestnuts, 
camphor,  bamboos,  walnuts,  and  varnish.  Numerous  towns 
and  villages  are  scattered  over  the  island,  the  capital  being 
Ting-Hai,  near  the  S.  coast. 

Chnsenli,  Koo-sen-lee'  (?),  an  important  town  in  the 
khanat  and  80  miles  N.  of  Khiva,  on  the  Amoo-Darya. 
^Khusistan,  a  province  of  Persia.     See  Khoozistan. 
^fehuta-Ahmedpoor.     See  Ahmebpoor-Chuta. 
^•Chu'ta- (Cho'ta-,Cliho'ta-,orCliu'tia-)  Nag'- 
poor%  a  province  of  Bengal,  comprising  the  British  dis- 
tricts of  Hazarybaugh,  Lohardaga,  Manbhoom,  and  Sing- 
boom,  with  seven  small  native  tributary  states.     Lat.  21°- 
25°  N. ;  Ion,  82°-87°  E.     Area,  26,966  square  miles.     It 
consists   largely  of  forests   and   sparsely-peopled  jungles, 
producing  lac,  wild  silk,  and  timber.     Tea  is  also  grown. 
Some  thousands  of  the  native  hill-men  are  now  Protestant 
Christians.    Coal  and  iron  abound.    Pop.  4,645,590.   Chuta- 
Nagpoor  proper  is  a  high  plateau  forming  a  part  of  the 
British  district  of  Lohardaga. 

Chu'ta-  (or  Cho'ta-)  Oo^dipoor',  also  written 
Chiiota'Udipur^  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  with 
a  capital  of  the  same  name,  60  miles  E.  of  Baroda.  Area, 
820  square  miles.     Pop.  62,913. 

Chute  k  Blondeau,  shiit  &  bl6N<>Mo',  a  post- village  in 
Prescott  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  73  miles  below 
Ottawa. 

Chute's  Cove,  or  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  in  An- 
napolis CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  5  miles  from 
Bridgetown.     Pop.  100. 

Chntteesgurh,  ohiit-tees-guR'  (native,  Chhatiagarh), 
a  commissionership  of  British  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Lat.  16°  60'-23°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  30'-83°  15'  E.  Area, 
39,647  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  districts  of  Raipoor, 
Belaspoor,  and  Sumbhulpoor,  with  seven  native  states. 
Pop.  3,289,043. 

Chutterbai,  chiitH§r-bi',  a  stronghold  of  Asia,  in  an 
almost  inaccessible  position  on  the  Indus,  in  lat.  34°  20'  N., 
Ion.  72°  58'  E.,  and  belonging,  with  the  fort  Am  and  about 
240  square  miles  of  territory,  to  a  predatory  chief. 

Chntterpore,  or  Chutturpore.    See  Chatterpoor. 

Chut'wa  (native,  (7/tAa<Ma),  a  village  of  the  Chumparun 
district,  in  Bahar,  British  India.     Pop.  5402. 

Chuy,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Chooi. 

Chwalynsl{,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Khvalynsk. 

Chvvan-Chow-roo,atownof  China.   SeeCniNCHEW. 

Chynpoor-Baree,  chin^poor'-bi'ree,  a  considerable 
town  of  Hindostan,  dominions  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bho- 
panl,  in  lat.  23°  2'  N.,  Ion.  78°  15'  E. 

Chypre,  the  French  for  Cyphus. 

Chyrow,  kee'rov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  1480. 

Ciamon  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Malek. 

Ciamot,  ch&-mot',  written  also  Camot,  Chiamut, 
and  Tschamut  (It.  Oima  del  Monte,  chee'midfil  mon'ti), 
a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  about  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Mount  Baduz,  and  5000  feet  above  the  sea.  Here 
commenced,  in  1799,  the  rising  against  the  French. 

Cianciana,  ch&n-ch&'ni,  or  San  Antonio,  sin  &n- 
to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Sicily,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Girgenti.  Pop. 
4478.     Near  it  are  extensive  sulphur-mines. 

Ciard,  Brazil.     See  Ceara. 

Cibao,  se-bi'o,  the  principal  mountain  of  Hayti,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island,  in  a  chain  which  runs  E.  and  W. 
Culminating  point,  4590  feet  in  elevation. 

Cibinium,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Sbbbm. 


Cibolo,  or  Rio  Cibolo,  ree'o  se'bo-lo,  a  small  river 
of  Texas,  runs  southeastward  and  southward,  drains  parta 
of  Bexar,  Comal,  and  Guadalupe  cos.,  and  enters  the  San 
Antonio  River  in  Karnes  co.,  at  or  near  Helena.  It  it 
about  150  miles  long. 

Cibolo  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
Cibolo  Creek,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  An- 
tonio Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Ciboure,  see^booR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyr6n6es,  with  a  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nivelle.   P.  1910. 

Cicacole,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Chicacole. 

Cicagna,  che-kin'yl,  a  village  of  Italy,  11  miles  N. 
of  Chiavari,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines.     Pop.  2584. 

Cicciano,  chit-ch&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Caserta,  3 
miles  N.  of  Nola.     Pop.  3845. 

Cicero,  sis'^  ro,  a  station  on  the  Amador  Branch  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Gait,  Cal. 

Cicero,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  111.  Pop.  1545.  Cicero 
Station  is  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  4 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.     The  township  contains  Austin. 

Cicero,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  Cicero  Creek,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Noblesville, 
and  28  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  brick 
and  lumber.     Pop.  631. 

Cicero,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3646.  It 
contains  the  town  of  Tipton. 

Cicero,  or  Cicero  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Cicero 
township,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 
It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  300.  Cicero 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake,  and  con- 
tains part  of  Brewerton,  and  a  population  of  2636. 

Cicero,  a  post-hamlet  of  JDefiance  co.,  0.,  about  80 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church. 

Cicero,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  417. 

Cicero  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Tipton  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  White  River  (or  its  West  Fork)  in 
Hamilton  co.,  about  a  mile  below  Noblesville. 

Cicola,  chee-ko'li,  a  river  of  Dalmatia,  falls  into  the 
Eerka  11  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic. 

Cidade  do  Recife,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Recife. 

Cidade  dos  Reis,  Brazil.    See  Natal. 

CiechanoAV,  tse-i-Ki'nov,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
of  Plook,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pultusk,  on  the  Lidinia.   P.  4867. 

Ciechanowiec,  tse-i-Ki-no've-dts,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  45  miles  S.AV.  of  Bialystock,  on  the  Nurzek.  P.  520. 

Ciechanowiec,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of 
Soovalki,  on  the  Nurzek,  opposite  the  above.     Pop.  2761. 

Ciem-Pozuelos,  Spain.     See  Cien-Pozuelos. 

Cienega,  se-i'ni-g4,  a  post-office  and  mining  locality 
of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona,  32  miles  E.  of  Prescott.  Here 
much  gold  was  at  one  time  obtained  by  washing. 

Cienega,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Los  Angeles  to  Santa  Monica,  6  miles  W.  of 
Los  Angeles. 

Cienfuegos,  se-4n-fwi'goce,  a  town  of  Cuba,  on  its  S. 
coast,  and  on  the  Bay  of  Jagua.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  W. 
It  is  connected  by  railways  with  the  principal  towns  of  the 
island,  and  ships  much  cacao,  sugar,  and  molasses.  It  baa 
a  fine  harbor.     Pop.  8000. 

Cien-Pozuelos,  the-fin' -  po-thwi'looe,  sometimes 
written  Ciem-Pozuelos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2614. 

Cieplice,  tse-&-pleet'si,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galioia., 
30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Przemysl.     Pop.  2849. 

Cierp,  se-aiRp',  a  village  of  France,  in  Hante-Garonne, 
near  Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1003. 

Cies,  tin  island  of  Spain.     See  Batona. 

CieszkoAVice,  tse-i-shko-veet'si,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Qalicia,  on  the  Biala,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Neu  Sandec.  P.  1929. 

Cieza,  the-&'th&,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Murcia,  near  the  Segura.  Pop.  about  8000.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cloth.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river  are  vestiges  of  a  Roman  town,  supposed  to  be  Carteia. 

Cifuentes,  the-foo-fin't4s  or  the-fw8n't4s,  a  town  of 
Spain,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1475. 

Cigar'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clay  township,  at  Clay  Station  on  the  Syracuse  Northern 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Cigliano,  cheel-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
18  miles  W.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  6246. 

Cilavegna,  che-l&-v&n'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  3878. 

Cilicia,  se-lish'e-a,  an  ancient  division  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  the  extreme  S.E.,  now  included  in  the  Turkish  vilayett 
of  Adana  and  Itoh-Elee. 

Cilician  Gates,  Asiatic  Turkey.  See  Golek-Bo«hai. 


Qlli 


892 


OIN 


Cilisa-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Kiz-Hissar. 

Cilleros,  theel-yi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caoeres.     Pop.  2451, 

Cill  V,  Cilli,  sil'lee,  or  Zilli  (Ger.  pron.  of  all,  tsil'lee ; 
anc,  Clau'dia  Oele'ia  f),  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the  Save,  58 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Gratz.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  high 
Bchool,  and  some  trade  in  wine  and  oil.  It  derived  its 
ancient  name  from  the  Roman  emperor  Claudius,  its  re- 
puted founder.     Pop.  4224. 

Cima  del  Monte,  Switzerland,    See  Ciamot. 

Cimarron  (Sp.  for  "  wild"),  or  Semerone,  see-m^- 
r5n',  a  river  which  rises  among  the  Raton  Mountains,  near 
the  boundary  between  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  It  first 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  state  of  Kansas  near  its  south- 
western angle.  It  crosses  several  times  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  Kansas,  and  passes  into  the  Indian  Territory,  in 
which  it  runs  southeastward  and  eastward  until  it  enters 
the  Arkansas  River  in  that  territory,  near  lat.  36°  10'  N, 
Length,  estimated  at  650  miles.  The  Cimarron  traverses 
extensive  plains  nearly  destitute  of  forests, 

Cimarron,  a  post-village  in  Foote  co,,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  19  miles  W,  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office. 

Cimarron,  a  post- village  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico, 
near  a  range  of  high  mountains,  65  miles  S.  of  El  Moro, 
Col.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  and  gold-mines. 
Pop,  in  1890,  335. 

Cimarus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Grabusa, 

Cimbebasia,  sim-be-bi'she-a,  a  country  on  the  S,W. 
coast  of  Africa,  between  Cape  Frio  and  Walfish  Bay.  The 
coast  is  said  to  be  inhabited  by  the  tribe  of  Cimbebas  (sim- 
bi'bas),  respecting  whom  little  is  known. 

Cim braes,  islands  of  Scotland.    See  Cumbbay, 

Cimbrisham,  sim'bris-him  (anc.  Oimbro'rum  Por'- 
tust),  a  town  of  Sweden,  33  miles  S.S,E.  of  Christianstad, 
on  the  Baltic,     Pop,  1449,     It  has  an  active  fishery, 

Ciminna,  che-min'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles  S.E, 
of  Palermo,     Pop,  5721, 

Cimitile,  che-me-tee'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  1  mile  N,  of  Nola,     Pop,  4425. 

Cimmerian  Bosporus.    See  Ybmikale. 

Cimolis,  or  Cimolus.     See  Aroentiera. 

Cimone,  che-mo'n4,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  a  summit  of 
the  Apennines,  on  the  S.  boundary  of  the  province  of  Mo- 
dena,     Lat,  44°  13'  N, ;  Ion.  10°  43'  E.     Height,  6975  feet. 

Cina,  the  Italian  name  of  China. 

Cinaloa,  or  Sinaloa,  sin-&-lo'&,  a  state  of  Mexico, 
situated  between  the  Gulf  of  California  and  the  state  of  Du- 
rango,  and  stretching  from  lat,  22°  33'  to  26°  68'  N.,  a  dis- 
tance of  about  220  miles,  and  having  a  general  breadth  of 
about  150  miles.  Area,  36,189  square  miles.  The  country 
along  the  coast  is  generally  low  and  flat,  with  a  sandy  soil, 
which  yields  good  crops  of  Indian  corn  and  wheat  where 
it  can  be  irrigated.  The  mountains  are  usually  covered 
with  stunted  trees  and  bushes;  but  towards  the  eastern 
frontier  there  are  extensive  forests.  The  rains  commence 
about  the  20th  of  June,  and  last  two  months.  The  greatest 
heat  is  experienced  before  the  rains,  from  the  month  of 
March,  when  the  country  resembles  a  desert.  Capital, 
Culiacan.     Pop.  (1882)  201,918. 

Cinaloa,  called  also  Villa  de  San  Felipe  y  San- 
tiago de  Cinaloa,  vee'y^  di  s&n  f4-lee'p4  ee  s&n-te- 
&'go  d&  sin-&-lo'&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  above  state,  on 
a  small  stream,  about  50  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the 
Gulf  of  California,  and  300  miles  N.W,  of  Durango,  Lat. 
22°  45'  N, ;  Ion,  108°  7'  W,  It  is  a  thriving  place,  with 
gold-washings  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  about  9500. 

Cinca,  theen'ki  (anc.  Cin'ga),  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in 
a  small  lake  in  the  Pyrenees,  on  the  French  frontier,  and, 
proceeding  S,  through  Aragon,  joins  the  Segre  a  little 
above  its  confluence  with  the  Ebro,     Length,  70  miles, 

Cincinnati,  sin-sin-nah'tee,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
ington CO,,  Ark.,  80  miles  S,  of  Neosho,  Mo.  It  has  several 
churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  3  or  4  stores, 

Cincinnati,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo..  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  about  12  miles  below  Hannibal,  Mo.  Here 
is  a  shipping -point. 

Cincinnati,  a  township  of  Tazewell  co,.  111,  It  includes 
a  part  of  Pekin,     Pop,,  exclusive  of  Pekin,  768. 

Cincinnati,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind,,  in 
Centre  township,  11  miles  E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cincinnati,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co,,  Iowa, 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  the  Burlington  &,  Southwestern 
Railroad,  116  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Burlington.  It  has  2 
ehurohea. 


Cincinnati,  sin-sin-nah'tee,  the  metropolis  of  the  state 
of  Ohio,  and  the  county  seat  of  Hamilton  co,,  is  on  the  right 
or  N,  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Licking,  By  water  it  is  476  miles  from  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
142  miles  from  Louisville,  Ky.,  529  miles  from  Cairo  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  and  1520  miles  from  New  Orleans,  La, 
It  is,  by  railway,  100  miles  N.  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  120  miles 
S,W,  ot  Columbus,  0,,  340  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  305  miles 
S.E,  of  Chicago,  111.,  and  553  miles  from  Washington  by 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad.  Lat,  39°  6'  30"  N,j  Ion 
84°  26'  W,  from  Greenwich, 

Cincinnati  is  situated  in  a  valley  about  3  miles  in  diam- 
eter, environed  on  the  N.  side  by  a  semicircular  range  of 
hills  rising  400  feet  above  the  river,  while  around  the 
southern  margin  the  Ohio  sweeps  in  a  grand  curve.  The 
greater  part  of  the  city  is  built  on  two  terraces  or  plains, 
the  first  60  and  the  second  112  feet  above  low-water  mark. 
The  drainage  of  much  of  the  city  is  made  directly  into  the 
river.  The  upper  terrace  is  somewhat  undulating  in  its 
surface,  and,  at  an  average  distance  of  a  mile,  terminates 
at  the  base  of  the  hills.  The  central  and  business  portions 
of  the  city  are  compactly  built.  The  streets  are  laid  out 
with  much  regularity,  are  about  66  feet  wide,  and  are 
largely  paved  with  granite,  asphalt,  and  vitrified  bricks; 
the  sidewalks  are  wide,  paved  with  bricks,  flag-stones,  and 
artificial  stone,  and  on  many  streets  lined  with  shade-trees ; 
the  streets  are  all  well  lighted,  and  to  a  large  extent  by 
electric  lamps.  Several  of  the  chief  streets  run  nearly  N, 
from  the  river,  and  are  intersected  at  right  angles  by  streets 
named  Front,  Second,  Pearl,  Third,  Fourth,  Fifth,  <fec. 
There  is  a  fine  public  landing  or  levee,  about  1000  feet 
long  by  an  average  width  of  425  feet,  along  Front  street. 
The  shore  is  paved  from  low-water  mark,  and  there  are 
floating  wharves  and  wharf-boats  along  the  shore-line. 

The  city  government  is  vested  in  a  mayor,  a  board  of 
administration,  consisting  of  four  members,  and  a  board  of 
legislation,  consisting  of  one  representative  from  each  ward, 
of  which  there  are  30 ;  and  the  city  has  an  efficient  fire 
department,  a  complete  system  of  fire-alarm  telegraph,  and 
an  excellent  police  force,  Cincinnati  is  liberally  provided 
with  public  parks,  of  which  one,  known  as  Burnet  Woods, 
comprises  about  170  acres,  while  another,  the  famous 
"  Eden  Park,"  often  styled  "  the  Garden  of  Eden,"  has  an 
area  of  about  220  acres.  The  chief  cemetery,  called  Spring 
Grove,  is  noted  as  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  picturesque 
in  the  country,  and  embraces  upwards  of  600  acres. 

There  are  3  cable  lines  of  street-railway  and  30  electric 
lines,  including  S  which  connect  Cincinnati  with  Covington 
and  Newport,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river,  th*  aggregate 
mileage  being  242  miles  at  the  close  of  1894,  with  impor- 
tant extensions  in  contemplation  or  under  way.  These 
systems  of  quick  transit  make  the  hill-tops  and  suburban 
Tillages  readily  accessible,  and  afl'ord  pleasureable  trips  for 
citizens  and  visitors.  There  are  numerous  enjoyable 
driving-roads  in  and  about  the  city.  Connecting  Cincin- 
nati with  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  Ohio  River  are  5  splen- 
did bridges,  including  I  suspension  bridge,  1(157  feet  between 
piers,  and  2252  feet  including  approaches;  1  cantilever 
bridge,  2966  feet,  including  approaches;  3  railroad-bridges, 
with  passage-ways  for  vehicles  and  pedestrians,  these  being 
3800,  4800,  and  5200  feet  in  length  respectively,  including 
approaches.  The  aggregate  cost  of  these  bridges  was 
nearly  $11,000,000,  The  near-by  surroundings  of  Cin- 
cinnati embrace  many  beautiful  villages.  Fort  Thomsis,  a 
military  post,  is  charmingly  situated  on  the  Kentucky  high- 
lands, opposite  the  eastern  section  of  Cincinnati,  and  is 
reached  by  an  electric-car  line,  affording  interesting  views 
en  route  and  a  fine  outlook  at  the  summit. 

Of  the  buildings  of  a  more  or  less  public  character  a  few 
of  the  more  notable  are  the  new  home  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  at  Fourth  and  Vine  streets,  a  very  remarkable 
edifice,  monumental  in  efiect;  anew  United  States  build- 
ing, of  granite,  in  the  Renaissance  style,  364  feet  long  by 
164  feet  wide,  with  a  roof  towering  170  feet  from  the 
ground,  and  erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $5,000,000  ;  the 
new  city  hall,  332  by  203  feet,  a  grand  structure  of  brown 
granite  and  red  sandstone,  and  costing  about  $1,250,000 ; 
the  great  Music  Hall,  the  Art  Museum,  the  Art  Academy, 
the  Armory,  Odd  Fellows'  Temple,  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  buildings.  Phoenix  Club,  Queen  City  Club, 
Public  Library,  Masonic  Temple,  Court-House,  Cincinnati 
Hospital,  Rook  wood  Pottery,  Pike  Opera-House,  Grand 
Opera-House,  &c.  The  Public  Library  and  the  Young 
Men's  Mercantile  Library  are  noUible  institutions  of  the 
kind.  A  feature  of  special  attraction  is  the  Davidson 
Fountain,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $105,000  and  donated  to  the 
city  by  Mr.  Henry  Probasco,  as  a  memorial  tribute  to  his 


Clx\ 


893 


CIN 


brother-in-law,  Mr.  Tyler  Davidson.  Cincinnati  being 
surrounded  by  hills  of  300  feet  or  more  of  elevation,  there 
have  been  erected  5  inclined  planes  for  reaching  the  hill- 
tops, these  structures  being  operated  by  cables,  and  convey 
street-cars  and  vehicles  as  well  as  pedestrians.  Among  the 
features  of  special  interest  are  the  Zoological  Gardens,  and 
the  Rookwood  Pottery,  on  Mount  Adams,  famous  for  its 
faience  wares. 

Cincinnati  maintains  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  about  8 
miles  from  the  city,  with  large  and  commodious  buildings; 
a  city  workhouse,  covering  an  area  of  about  600  by  505  feet ; 
a  house  of  refuge,  divided  info  a  series  of  families  for  the  in- 
mates, and  equipped  with  workshops  for  promoting  educa- 
tion in  various  technical  branches;  a  city  infirmary,  with  spa- 
cious buildings,  beautifully  situated  on  a  farm  of  160  acres; 
there  are  homes  provided  for  old  people,  various  orphan- 
asylums,  and  many  hospital  and  sanitarium  institutions 
within  and  about  the  city ;  also  numerous  medical,  dental, 
law,  and  commercial  colleges  of  high  grade,  and  academies 
and  private  schools  for  general  education,  with  a  splendid 
system  of  public  schools.  The  College  of  Music  occupies 
buildings  adjacent  to  the  Music  Hall  and  is  an  institution 
of  great  merit,  and  in  the  Music  Hall  is  a  flourishing  tech- 
nical school,  promoted  by  public-spirited  citizens.  The 
MoMicken  University,  for  which  a  magnificent  new  struo- 
^tore  is  now  being  erected  in  Burnet  Woods  Park,  occupies 
Hbbigh  position  among  educational  institutions.  The  Ohio 
^Blechanics'  Institute,  long  established,  afiurds  superior  op- 
^piortunities  for  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  mechanic  arts. 
The  gymnasium,  with  its  athletic  grounds,  is  a  model 
institution  of  the  kind. 

Cincinnati  is  notable  as  a  manufacturing  city,  the  aggre- 
gate value  of  the  output  of  its  factories  having  reached 
$250,000,000  in  the  year  1892.  Conspicuous  manufacturing 
interests  include  clothing,  hog  and  beef  products,  furni- 
ture, carriages,  shoes,  machinery  in  great  variety,  leather, 
soap,  starch,  barness,  pumps,  engines,  beer,  whisky,  fire- 
proof safes,  and  various  other  lines.  The  estimated  value 
of  commodities  shipped  from  this  market  in  1892,  accord- 
ing to  statistics  and  computations  of  the  chamber  of  com- 
merce, reached  $338,000,000  ;  the  clearing-house  exchanges 
were  $751,000,000.  Sales  of  pig  iron  are  larger  than  in 
any  other  market  in  the  country,  reaching  1,102,000  tons 
in  1892;  sales  of  dry  goods,  leaf  tobacco,  groceries,  Ac, 
iire  notably  large. 

Of  churches  there  are  231,  several  of  which  are  especially 
fine  structures,  including  the  Second  Presbyterian,  St. 
Paul's  Methodist  Episcopal,  Central  Christian,  St.  Peter's 
Cathedral,  &o.  Of  hotels  the  city  is  well  equipped.  There 
are  18  banks,  exclusive  of  8  on  the  Kentucky  side  of  the 
iver,  and  several  savings-banks  and  trust  institutions. 

Cincinnati  is  situated  on  5  great  trunk-lines  of  railway, 
—the  Pennsylvania,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  the  New  York 
Central,  the  Erie,  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio.  Other  im- 
portant systems  include  the  Cincinnati  Southern  (Queen  & 
Crescent),  Louisville  &  Nashville,  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <fc 
Dayton,  Norfolk  &  Western,  Ac.  The  Central  Union  Rail- 
way Station  and  the  Pennsylvania  Station  are  fine  terminal 
structures.  The  "  Big  Four"  office-building  is  a  notable 
one.  The  river  commerce  of  the  city  is  important  in  pas- 
senger and  freight  triifiic,  in  which  there  are  engaged  about 
40  steamers,  making  about  2500  arrivals  and  departures 
yearly.  Cincinnati  is  most  favorably  situated  as  a  central 
distributing-point  between  the  eastern  seaboard  and  the 
West,  and  is  the  great  gateway  from  the  North  to  the  South. 
The  municipality  has  the  distinction  of  having  built  a  rail- 
way line  {the  Cincinnati  Southern),  at  an  outlay  of  $20,- 
000,000,  to  facilitate  commerce  with  tributary  territory. 
This  line  extends  to  Chattanooga,  and  directly  connects 
with  all  the  systems  in  the  South,  including  lines  to  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Cincinnati  was  first  settled  in  L788,  but  not  until  1816 
was  there  manifestation  of  important  growth.  In  that 
year  navigation  on  the  Ohio  River  was  inaugurated,  and 
the  city  thenceforward  grew  rapidly.  It  was  incorporated 
in  1819;  the  census  of  1820  showed  a  populfition  of  9642; 
in  1830,  24,831;  in  1840,  46,.S38;  in  1850,  115,435;  in 
I860,  161,044;  in  1870,  216,239;  in  1880,  255,139;  in 
1890,  296,908;  in  January,  1895,  336,000.  These  figures, 
however,  only  partially  represent  the  population  of  the 
locality ;  on  the  Kentucky  side  of  the  state  line,  and  im- 
mediately beyond  the  corporate  limits  in  other  directions, 
is  a  population  approximating  200,000,  properly  consti- 
tuting a  part  of  this  community,  the  suburban  railway  fa- 
cilities being  so  favorable  and  complete  as  to  encourage  a 
large  proportion  of  its  business  people  to  reside  outside  of 
the  city. 


Cincinnati,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Tex.,  oa  th« 
Trinity  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Huntsville.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Cincinnati  Junction,  a  station  on  the  LonisTille  A 
Nashville  and  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroads,  3  miles 
from  Louisville,  Ky.   It  is  called  also  Nashville  Junction. 

Cincinna'tus,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Cincinnatus  township,  on  Otselic  River,  12  miles  from 
Marathon,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches  and  the  Cincinnatus  Academy.  Pop.  350; 
of  the  township,  1079.  The  township  has  2  creameries  and 
numerous  dairies. 

Cinco-  Seiiores,  seen'ko-sSn-yo'rfa,  a  town  of  Mexioa, 
state  and  106  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Durango.  It  formed  one 
of  the  mission  settlements  of  the  Jesuits,  and  was  occupied 
by  Indians. 

Ciney,  see^ni',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  15 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Namur.  It  has  manufactures  of  pot- 
tery.    Pop.  2750. 

Cinga,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Cinca. 

Cingalese,  or  Singhalese.    See  CETiiON. 

Cingoli,  chin'go-le,  or  Cingolo,  chin'go-lo  (ano.  Oin' 
gulum),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Macerata,  on  the  Musone.     Pop.  12,150. 

Cinigiano,  che-ne-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Grosseto,  28  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Siena.     Pop.  4125. 

Cinisello,  che-ne-sfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  2665. 

Cinisi,  che-nee'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Palermo,  near  the  coast.     Pop.  6600. 

Cin'nabar,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Cinnamin'son,  or  West'field,  a  post-village  of  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  in  Cinnaminson  township,  1  mile  E.  of 
Riverton  Station,  which  is  8  miles  N.E.  of  Camden.  It  has 
a  church  and  about  25  dwellings.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  3112. 

Cin'namon  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  N.,  Ion.  107°  2'  W.  Its  altitude  is 
12,600  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Cinq-Mars,  s8,Nk'-maR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre- 
et-Loire,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Chinon,  near  the  Loire.  It  has 
a  remarkable  square  tower  of  Roman  origin.     Pop.  1980. 

Cinquefrondi,  chin-kwi-fron'dee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Palmi. 
Pop,  5601.  It  was  nearly  ruined  by  the  earthquake  of 
1783. 

Cinque  Hommes,  sink  horn,  a  township  of  Perry  co., 
Mo.     Pop.  2910.     It  includes  Perryville. 

Cinque  (sink)  Ports,  seaports  of  England,  namely, 
Dover,  Sandwich,  Hythe,  and  Romney,  on  the  coast  of 
Kent,  and  Rye,  Winchelsea,  and  Hastings,  on  the  coast  of 
Sussex.  Their  number,  as  the  name  imports,  was  originally 
five,  Winchelsea  and  Rye  and  many  subordinate  members 
having  been  subsequently  added.  The  original  Cinque 
Ports  were  created  by  William  the  Conqueror;  the  others 
were  added  before  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  They  were 
endowed  with  various  important  privileges,  in  considera- 
tion of  their  furnishing  a  certain  quota  of  ships  of  war, 
properly  equipped  and  manned,  for  the  king's  use  when 
demanded.  At  present  they  have  a  peculiar  system  of 
courts,  and  are  under  the  superintendence  of  a  lord  warden, 
who  is  also  governor  of  Dover  Castle. 

Cintegabelle,  siNt^gi^bSll',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Garonne,  on  the  Ari6ge,  20  miles  S.  of  Toulouse. 
Pop.  819;  of  commune,  3501. 

Cinti,  or  Zinti,  seen'tee,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  125  miles 
S.  of  Chuquisaca.     Pop.  2000. 

Cintra,  or  Sintra,  sin'tr&  or  seen'tri,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  14  miles  by  tramway  N.W.  of 
Lisbon,  on  the  slope  of  the  mountain-chain  of  Cintra, 
which  terminates  at  Cape  Roca.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
picturesque  beauty  of  its  situation  and  for  its  delicious 
climate.  It  has  an  ancient  royal  castle,  and  numerous  villas 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  4489. 

Cintruenigo,  theen-troo-&-nee'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Navarre,  14  miles  W.  of  Tudela,  on  the  Alhama.    Pop.  2696. 

Ciotat,  or  La  Ciotat,  1&  see^o^tH'  (anc.  Cithari»'ta),& 
town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh8ne,  on  the  W.  side  of  a 
bay  in  the  Mediterranean,  14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Pop.  8104.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  town  hall,  hospital,  lazaretto,  school  of 
navigation,  a  port  enclosed  by  a  mole,  a  light-house,  ship- 
yards, and  a  brisk  trade  in  dry  fruits,  wine,  and  olive  oiL 

Cipricaglie  Islands.    See  Ceryicales. 

Cipro,  the  Italian  for  Cyprus. 

Circseum  Promontorium.    See  Cibcelu). 

Circar8«  India.    See  Northern  Circars. 


cm 


894 


CIT 


Circassia,  sir-kash'?-a,  or  Tcherkessia,  cher-kes'- 
l^-a,  a  region  of  the  Western  Caucasus,  now  incluiled  in  the 
Russian  governments  of  Kooban  and  Chernomcrsk,  and 
bounded  S.W.  by  the  Black  Sea  and  N.  by  the  river  Kooban. 
It  is  famous  for  the  physical  beauty  of  its  people,  their 
long,  bloody,  and  valorous  wars  with  Russia,  their  custom 
of  selling  their  most  beautiful  girls  to  the  Turks,  and  their 
almost  complete  expatriation,  nearly  all  the  people  having 
voluntarily  migrated  to  Turkey  since  the  conquest  of  Cir- 
cassia  by  the  Russians  (1864).  The  Circassians  profess  Mo- 
hammedanism. Their  language  is  of  a  very  peculiar  char- 
acter, and  its  relationships  are  obscure. 

Circello,  chlR-chfil'lo,  or  Circeo,  chlK-chi'o  (anc. 
Oircee'um  Promonto'rium),  a  headland  of  Italy,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Terracina.  Lat.  41°  13'  N. ; 
Ion.  13°  3'  E.     Height  above  the  sea,  1713  feet. 

Circesinm,  the  ancient  name  of  Kakkissa. 

Circle^  s§r'k'l,  a  post-oflSce  of  Vermilion  co.,  111. 

Circleville,  Indiana.     See  Scircleville. 

Circleville,  s^r'k'l-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co., 
III.,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Pekin. 

Circleville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  8J  miles  W.N.W.  of  Holton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Circleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Middletown  &  Crawford  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Circleville,  a  city,  capital  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Scioto  River,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  107  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  28  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  and  20  miles  N.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  derives  its  name  from  a  circular  fortifica- 
tion or  earthwork  raised  here  by  some  ancient  people.  It 
contains  12  churches,  2  union  school  buildings,  3  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  and  several  mills.  Three  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  6556. 

Circleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Larimer's  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Circleville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  4 
miles  from  Taylorville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  25  dwellings. 

Circleville,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co.,  Utah. 

Circleville,  a  post-village  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  7  miles  W.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Cirencester,  sis'^-t^r  (anc.  Corin'ium),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  a  railway,  on 
the  river  Churn,  and  on  a  canal.  It  was  a  town  of  the  ancient 
Britons,  and  occupies  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  Roman 
town,  the  walls  of  which,  about  2  miles  in  circumference, 
are  still  traceable.  The  principal  buildings  comprise  a 
parish  church  of  the  fifteenth  century,  remains  of  a  very 
ancient  abbey,  hospitals  for  the  poor,  and  a  workhouse. 
Public  institutions,  a  free  grammar-school,  blue-  and  yellow- 
coat  schools,  Ac.  The  principal  manufactures  are  of  carpets, 
woollen  cloths,  and  cutlery.  Near  the  town  is  a  royal  agri- 
cultural college.  Many  Roman  remains  have  been  dis- 
covered in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  4685. 

Cirey,  seeVi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et-Mo- 
selle,  33  miles  E.  of  Nancy,  Pop.  2324.  It  has  glass-works 
and  manufactures  of  mirrors. 

Cirey,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  12  miles 
S.  of  Vassy,  on  the  Blaise.     Pop.  666. 

Cirie,  seeVee',  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  a  branch  of  the  Stura.     Pop.  4359. 

Ciro,  chee'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro, 
21  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Cotrone,  and  3  miles  from  the 
Mediterranean.  Pop.  5038.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  has  a 
castle,  churches,  a  seminary,  manufactures  of  serge  and 
ooarse  linens,  trade  in  manna,  and  an  anchovy-fishery. 

Ciron,  seeV6N»',  a  small  river  of  France,  joins  the  Ga- 
ronne below  Langon. 

Cirta,  the  ancient  name  for  Constantine. 

Cisalpine  (sis-al'pin)  Republic,  a  former  state  in  the 
North  of  Italy,  formed  by  the  French  in  1797  of  parts  of 
Milan,  Mantua,  the  Valtelline,  the  Venetian  territory  S.  and 
W.  of  the  Adige,  Modena,  and  the  N.  part  of  the  Pontifical 
States.  In  1802  it  took  the  name  of  the  Italian  Republic, 
and  in  1805  it  became  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

Ciscaucasia,  sis^kaw-ka'zhe-a,  a  name  applied  to  the 
European  portion  of  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Caucasus,  in- 
cluding the  government  of  Stavropol  and  the  Cossack  dis- 
tricts of  Terek  and  Kooban,  to  which  some  authorities  add 
Daghestan,  which,  like  the  other  districts  here  named,  is  on 
the  N.  slope  of  the  Caucasus  range. 


Cisco,  sis'ko,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co.,  111.,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  about  300. 

Cisco,  a  post-town  and  railway-junction  of  Eastland 
CO.,  Tex.,  ]  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banking-houses,  manufactures  of  cotton,  flour, 
Ac,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    P.  about  2000. 

Cisleithania,  sis-li-thi'n§-a,  or  sis-li-ti'nee-i,  a  des- 
ignation of  the  Austrian  or  W.  part  of  the  empire  of 
Austria-Hungary, — the  kingdom  of  Hungary  being  dis- 
tinguished as  Transleithania,  since  the  river  Leytha  forma 
a  part  of  the  dividing-line  between  them.  Cisleithania 
comprises  14  crown-lands  (named  in  the  article  Austria- 
Hungart).  Capital,  Vienna.  Area,  115,644  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1880,  22,144,244;  in  1890,  23,895,413. 

Cis'ne,  or  Cis'nee,  a  post- hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  111., 
10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  350. 

Cisoing,  or  Cysoing,  see'zwiN»',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Nord,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2405. 

Ciss'na  Park,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  25 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Watseka.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tile-factory.     Pop.  400. 

Cissos,  the  ancient  name  of  Chesue. 

Cisteaux  (Cistercium),  France.    See  CIteaux. 

Cis'tern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  21  miles 
W.  of  La  Grange. 

Cisterna,  chis-t^R'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Velletri.     Pop.  3012. 

Cisterna,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  28  miles  S.E. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  2216. 

Cisterna,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  1301. 

Cisternino,  cbis-tfiR-nee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Monopoli.     Pop.  5469. 

Cistri^res,  seesHre-aia',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  11  miles  E.  of  Brioude.     Pop.  1050. 

Citara,  che-ti'ri,  or  Cetara,  chi-t4'ri,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  on  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  3i  miles 
S.W.  of  the  city  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2555. 

Citara,  se-t&'r&,  or  Quibdo,  keeb'do,  a  town  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  on  the  Atrato,  80  miles  S.W.  of 
Antioquia.     Pop.  3000. 

Ctteaux,  seeHo',  formerly  Cisteaux  (L.  Oiater'cium), 
a  hamlet  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Beaune, 
on  the  Vouge.  It  was  the  seat  of  the  monastery  of  Citeaux, 
the  buildings  of  which  still  attest  its  former  magnificence. 
The  monastic  order  of  Cistercians  was  founded  here  in  1098. 
Its  buildings  are  now  occupied  by  a  boys'  reform-school. 

Citha;ron  (sith-ee'rQu ;  Gr.  KiBaipuv),  now  Elatea, 
el-i-tee'i,  a  famous  mountain  of  Greece,  on  the  boundary 
between  Attica  and  Boeotia.     Height,  4620  feet. 

Citium,  an  ancient  name  for  Chiti. 

Cit'ra,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Ocala.  It  has  4  churches,  and  separate 
common  schools  for  white  and  colored.     Pop.  300. 

Citronelle,  siOro-nel',  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co., 
Ala.,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Mobile.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  rosin  and  turpentine. 

Cittadella,  chit-ti-dfil'lS,,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Vicenza,  on  the  Brentella.  Pop.  8505,  partly 
engaged  in  paper-  and  woollen-factories.  It  has  hospitals, 
elementary  schools,  and  a  theatre. 

Citta  della  Pieve,  chit-ti'  dSl'li  pe-4'vi,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Perugia.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  was  the  birthplace  of  Perugino.     P.  6504. 

Citta  di  Castello,  chit-ti'  dee  kis-tfil'lo,  or  simply 
Castello  (anc.  Tiber i' tmm),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria, 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Perugia,  on  the  Tiber.  Pop.  6090. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  a  hospital,  a  seminary,  many  ecclesiastical 
buildings,  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  and  several  fine  old 
palaces.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Citta  Ducal e,  Italy.    See  Civita  Ducale. 

Cittanova,  chitHi-no'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  near  Palmi.     Pop.  12,177. 

Citta  Nuova,  chit-ti'  noo-o'va,  a  town  of  Austro- 
Hungary,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Triest,  on  the  Adriatic.    P.  1460. 

Citta  Nuova,  chit-ti'  noo-o'vi,  a  town  of  Albania,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ochrida,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Drin. 

Citta  Vecchia,  chit-ti'  vfik'ke-i,  or  Notabile,  no- 
ti'be-li,  a  city  of  Malta,  near  the  centre  of  the  island,  6 
miles  W.  of  Valetta.  It  stands  on  a  limestone  hill,  in  which 
extensive  catacombs  have  been  excavated  at  a  remote  period. 
The  cathedral  is  a  large  and  handsome  edifice,  from  which 
a  view  of  the  whole  island  is  obtained.  Citta  Vecchia,  while 
in  possesjion  of  the  Sarbcens,  was  called  Medina  (mi-dee'- 
ni),  and  while  in  that  of  the  Aragonese,  Notabile.  It  is 
strongly  fortified.     Pop.  22,182. 


CIT 


895 


CLA 


I      miles 


Citta  Vecchia,  a  seaport  on  the  island  of  Lesina,  in 
Dalmatia,  23  miles  S.  of  Spalato.     Pop.  2772. 

Cit'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Amenia 
township,  3  miles  from  Shekomeko  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  ohuroh. 

City  IlluflT,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Maryville. 

City  Farm  ^  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville 
Bailroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

City  Island,  i'land,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Pelham  township,  on  an  islet  near  the  W.  end  of 
Long  Island  Sound,  li  miles  from  Bartow  Station,  and  11 
miles  from  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  ship-building  and  the  oyster-trade.    Pop.  900. 

City  Liue,  a  station  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

City  Mills,  Massachusetts.    See  Franklin  City. 

City  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Indian  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  is  in  an  orange- 
growing  district. 

City  Point,  a  village  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  on  Penobscot 
Bay,  2  miles  N.  of  Belfast.  It  is,  however,  within  the  limits 
of  that  city.     Granite  is  shipped  here. 

City  Point,  Mo.     See  East  Leavenworth. 

City  Point,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  on 
_  es  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Appomattox,  about  40 
miles  below  Richmond,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Petersburg, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railroad.  It  is  the  head  of 
navigation  for  the  largest  steamboats  and  for  heavy  ship- 
ping. It  has  3  churches,  a  steam-mill,  a  shuck-factory,  a 
hotel,  several  stores,  and  about  60  houses.  Cotton,  tobacco, 
flour,  oil,  and  timber  are  exported  from  this  place.  Here  is 
a  fine  national  cemetery.     Pop.  in  1890,  409. 

City  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  36 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Black  River  Falls.    It  has  a  church 
^nd  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  160. 
^tiCity  Rock,  a  post-ofhce  of  Stone  co.,  Ark. 
H^^Ciudad  Bolivar,  Venezuela.     See  Angostura. 
B^Ciudad  de  Las  Casas.     See  San  Cristobal. 
H^Ciudadela,  se-oo-di-di'ld.,  a  seaport  of  Minorca,  on  its 
^W.  coast,  25  miles  W.  of  Port  Mahon.     It  was  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  island,  and  retains  portions  of  its  ancient 
Ywalls.     It  manufactures  and  exports  many  shoes.     P.  5726. 
K  Ciudad  Imperial,  a  former  name  of  Coban. 
^LCiudadReal,  the-oo-DllD'  rk-kV,  a  walled  city  of  Spain, 
Hapital  of  the  province,  97  miles  S.of  Madrid,  on  a  railway, 
^ktween  the  Guadiana  and  the  Jabalon.     It  has  a  large  hos- 
■^tal,  6  monasteries,  and  3  nunneries,  with  several  schools. 
Chief  commerce  in  wine,  fruits,  oil,  and  mules.     It  was  the 
headquarters  of  the  Santa  Hermandad,  or  "holy  brother- 
hood," founded  in  1249  for  the  suppression  of  highway-rob- 
bery.    It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  11,684. 

Ciudad  Real,  a  province  of  Spain,  nearly  identical 
with  the  old  province  of  La  Mancha.  Area,  7543  square 
miles.  It  is  now  attached  to  the  captain-generalcy  of  New 
Castile.     Capital,  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  in  1887,  292,291. 

Ciudad  Real,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  San  Cristobal. 

Ciudad  Rodrigo,  the-oo-Din'  ro-dree'go,  a  city  of 
Spain,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Salamanca,  near  the  Agueda,  hero 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  7  arches.  Pop.  5730.  Chief  edifices, 
a  large  square  citadel,  a  Gothic  cathedral  of  the  twelfth 
century,  and  2  other  churches.  It  was  taken  by  the  French 
in  1810,  and  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  1812.  It  has 
manufactures  of  leather,  linen,  and  soap. 

Ciudad  Victoria,  Mexico.    See  Nuevo  Santander. 

Civeh,  see'v^h,  a  village  of  Africa,  on  the  Senegal. 

t.  16°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  about  13°  W.  It  has  a  low  but 
leantifuUy  verdant  site,  amid  a  natural  forest. 

Ci'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Civezzano,  che-v4t-si'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol, 
5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Trent.     It  has  silk-works.     Pop.  953. 

Cividale,  che-ve-di'li  (anc.  Fo'rum  Ju'lii),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  FriulL,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Udine,  on  the  Natisone. 
It  has  interesting  Roman  remains.     Pop.  8238. 

Cividate,che-ve-dS,'t4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
13i  miles  S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2263. 

Civ'il  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  1  mile 
from  Grand  River,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Pattonsburg.  It  has 
i  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Civita,  chee've-ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
Si  miles  N.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  2157. 

Civita  Borella,  chee've-ti  bo-rfil'lJ.  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Chieti,  22  miles  S.  of  Lanciano. 

Civita  Camporano,chee've-t&  kim-po-rl'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  prirrince  and  16  miles  N.  of  Campobasso.    P.  2111. 


Hjal 
ea 


Civita  Castellana,  ohee've-t&  k&s-t£l-li'n&,  a  town 
of  Italy,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Viterbo.  Close  to  it  are  remains 
of  the  ancient  Falerium,  with  some  sepulchral  chamber*, 
Ac,  and  4  miles  distant  are  those  of  Falerii.  The  latter 
ruins  present  the  most  extraordinary  specimen  extant  of 
ancient  military  architecture.  The  walls,  towers,  and  sev- 
eral gateways  are  tolerably  perfect,  and  within  the  area  are 
remains  of  an  ancient  theatre  and  of  a  church  of  the  twelfth 
century.     Civita  Castellana  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  4199. 

Civita  di  Penne,  chee've-t&  dee  pdn'nli,  called  also 
Penne  (anc.  Pinna),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Teramo.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  me- 
dicinal springs  and  interesting  antiquities.     Pop.  9838. 

Civita  Ducale,  chee've4S.  doo-kS,'li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Aquila,  on  the  Velino,  5  miles  E.  of  Rieti.  Pop. 
4086.  It  owes  its  name  to  having  been  founded  by  the 
Norman  king  Robert  of  Sicily  while  Duke  of  Calabria. 

Civita  Lavigna,  chee've-ti  l3,-veen'y4,  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rome.  It  comprises  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Lanu'vium,  and  haa  Roman  ruins  and  antiqui- 
ties.    Pop.  800. 

Civita  Nuova,  chee've-tl  noo-o'vl,  a  town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  E.  of  Macerata,  near  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  2271.  It  has 
a  port  (Porto  Civita  Nuova)  and  a  railway  station. 

Civita  Nuova,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  3534. 

Civitaquana,  chee've-t4-kwS,'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Teramo,  in  a  valley,  9  miles  S.  of  Civita  di 
Penne.     Pop.  2239. 

Civita  Reale,  chee've-tS,  ri-i'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Civita  Ducale.     Pop.  1440. 

Civita  Sant'  Angelo,  chee've-tS,  sint-ftn'ji-lo,  atown 
of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  near  the  Adriatic,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Civita  di  Penne.  Pop.  6578.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
grain,  wine,  and  oil. 

Civitas  Aquensis  (or  Akensis).    See  Dax. 

Civitas  Aurelia  Aquensis,  ancient  name  of  Baden. 

Civitas  Lactoratium,  ancient  name  of  Lectoure. 

Civitas  Nerviorum,  ancient  name  of  Tournay. 

Civita  Vecchia,  chee've-t3,  vfik'ke-4  (anc.  Cen'tum 
Cel'lse  and  Traja'nna  Por'Uis),  a  seaport  city  of  Italy,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  38  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Rome. 
Pop.  11,640.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built.  Chief 
edifices,  the  convents  and  churches,  theatre,  lazaretto, 
arsenal,  building-docks,  warehouses,  and  prison.  The  port, 
which  owes  its  origin  to  the  emperor  Trajan,  is  one  of  the 
best  in  Central  Italy.  Two  large  moles  form  the  harbor, 
and  a  breakwater  outside  protects  the  shipping  from  heavy 
seas;  a  light-house  is  erected  on  its  S.  end.  The  harbor 
has  depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  400  or  500  tons,  and  ships 
of  greater  draught  may  anchor  inside  the  breakwater. 
Civita  Vecchia  has  regular  steam  communication  with  the 
chief  Mediterranean  ports.  It  was  captured  by  Totila,  and 
retaken  by  Narses  in  553.  Since  that  period  it  has  been 
frequently  taken,  destroyed,  and  rebuilt.  Its  fortress  waa 
begun  in  1512  by  Julius  II.,  from  designs  by  Michael 
Angelo.  Its  imports  consist  mainly  of  woven  goods,  salt 
provisions,  wines  and  spirits,  colonial  produce,  haberdash- 
ery, salt,  and  drugs;  its  exports,  of  staves,  wheat,  alum, 
cheese,  skins,  bark,  Ac.  . 

Civitella,  che-ve-tfiri4,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
province  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  5411. 

Civitella,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  S. 
of  Forli.     Pop.  4383. 

Civitella  Casanuova,  ohe-ve-tfil'li  k4^si-noo-o'vi, 
a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  7  miles  S.S.W 
of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  4511. 

Civitella  del  Tronto,  che-ve-tdl'li  dil  tron'to,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.  of  Teramo,  strongly 
posted  on  a  rock,  crowned  by  a  castle.  It  has  a  collegiate 
church,  3  convents,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  7227. 

Civo,  chee'vo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  E.  of  Sondrio,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  1893. 

Civray,  soeVri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  on  the 
Charente,  30  miles  S.  of  Poitiers,  with  2210  inhabitants,  a 
very  old  church,  a  castle,  manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics, 
and  a  trade  in  com,  chestnuts,  trufSes,  &o. 

Clachan,  kl&K'an,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  E.  of  Bothwell.     Pop.  100. 

Clachnaharry,  klaK-na-hir'ree,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Inverness,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Caledonian  Canal.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  bloody  feudal 
battle  in  the  fourteenth  century. 

Clack'amas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon, 
has  an  area  of  about  1684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oa 
the  E.  by  the  Cascade  range  of  mountains,  is  intersected  by 
the  Willamette  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Clackamaa 


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and  Molalla  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  of  the  val- 
leys is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  oats,  grass, 
potatoes,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Oregon  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5993;  in  1880,  9260;  in  1890,  15,?.3?. 

Clackamas,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon, 
on  or  near  the  Willamette  River,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Portland.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  graded  public 
school,  a  saw-mill,  a  chop-  and  lumber-mill,  and  several 
general  stores  and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  300. 

Clackamas  River,  Oregon,  rises  on  the  west  slope  of 
the  Cascade  Range,  runs  northwestward  through  the  mid- 
dle of  Clackamas  co.,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River  about 
12  miles  above  Portland.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Clackmannan,  kl&k-man'nan,  or  Clftckman'nan- 
shire,  the  smallest  county  of  Scotland,  having  S.  the  river 
Forth,  and  on  other  sides  the  counties  of  Perth,  Stirling, 
and  Fife.  Area,  50  square  miles.  It  consists  chiefly  of  the 
valley  of  the  Devon,  along  which  river  are  rich  and  well- 
cultivated  lands,  on  which  large  crops  are  raised.  In  the 
N.  the  county  extends  to  the  Ochil  Hills.  Mineral  products 
consist  of  ironstone,  sandstone,  and  greenstone,  with  coal 
shipped  in  considerable  quantities  from  Alloa.  This  county 
comprises  only  4  parishes.  Towns,  Clackmannan,  Alloa, 
Tillicoultry,  and  Dollar,     Pop,  23,747. 

Clackmannan,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  the  Devon,  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Forth,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  1309. 

Claddagh,  klad'dae,  a  suburb  of  Galwat  in  Ireland. 

Claflin,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  23  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Great  Bend.  It  has  a  church  organization, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  200. 

Clagenfurth,  a  town  of  Illyria.     See  Elagenfurth. 

Clag'gan  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  is  about  3  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Innisboffin,  and  extends  inland  for  2|  miles. 

Clag'gett's  Station,  in  Washington  co.,  Md.,  is  on 
the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Claiborne,  kla'bum,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisi- 
ana, has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne  and  its  Middle  Fork.  The  surface 
is  undulating  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  It  had  in 
1870  323,256  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Homer.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,240;  in  1880,  18,837;  in 
1890,  23,312. 

Claiborne,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  452  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W,  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Big  Black,  which 
enters  the  former  on  the  border  of  this  county.  It  is  also 
intersected  by  Bayou  Pierre.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Orleans  <k  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Port  Gibson. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,386;  in  1880,  16,768;  in  1890,  14,516. 

Claiborne,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  472  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E,  by  Clinch  River,  and  intersected  by  Powell's  River. 
The.  Cumberland  Mountain  extends  along  the  N.W.  border 
of  this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  partly  mountainous 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  &o.,  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Iron,  lead,  and  zinc  are  found  here.  It  is  intersected 
from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Knoxville,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Louis- 
ville Railroad.  Capital,  Tazewell.  Pop.  in  1870,  9321 ;  in 
1880,  13,373;  in  1890,  15,10.3. 

Claiborne,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  on  Ala- 
bama River,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Seima.    It  has  2  churches. 

Claiborne,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ohio,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Marion,  and  10  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Marys- 
Tille.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Clain,  kl&N»  (anc.  Gla'nis  or  Oly'tUf),  a  small  river  of 
France,  joins  the  Vienne  3  miles  below  Chatellerault. 
Length,  60  miles. 

Clairac,  kli^rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne, 
on  the  Lot,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Agen.  It  has  paper-mills, 
and  a  brisk  traffic  in  white  wines,  prunes,  and  rural  prod- 
uce.    Pop.  2388. 

Clairac,  a  village  of  France,  in  H^rault,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Bfiziers. 

Clairegoutte,  klaiR^goot',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
BaSne,  8  miles  E.  of  Lure,  with  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
kirschwasser.     Pop,  584, 

Clair'field,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Clair'mont,  a  village  in  the  former  township  of  West 
Farms,  now  a  part  of  New  York  City.     Pop.  158. 


Clairmont,  or  Clearmont,  Ontario,    See  Burford. 

Clair  Mount,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  4  miles  from  River  Philip.     Pop.  104. 

Clairvaux,  klaiR'vS'  (L.  Cla'ra-Val'lig),&  hamlet  of 
France,  department  of  Aube,  33  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Troyes. 
Its  celebrated  abbey  was  founded  in  1114  by  St.  Bernard, 
The  monks  were  Cistercians  (see  CtTEAtJx),  It  is  now  trans- 
formed into  a  great  prison  or  house  of  detention.    Pop.  1950. 

Clairvaux,  klairVo',  or  Saint  Placide,  pli-seed',  a 
post-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Paul's  Bay.     Pop.  400. 

ClairView',  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich,,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Detroit.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  convent.    P.  500. 

Clairville,    Ontario.     See    North    Lancaster,  and 

HUMBER. 

Claix,  or  Clais,  kl&,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isgre,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1738, 

Clal'lam,  a  county  in  the  N,W,  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1824  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.  by  the  Strait 
of  Juan  de  Fuca.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  Mount  Olympus,  situated  on  the  S. 
border  of  this  county,  is  8138  feet  high.  The  surface  is 
drained  by  the  Quillayute  and  numerous  other  rivers.  The 
soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  barley,  and  hay.  Capital,  New 
DungenesB.    Pop.  in  1870,  408 ;  in  1880,  638 ;  in  1890,  2771. 

Clamart,  kli'maR',  a  village  of  France,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2939. 

Clamecy,  klim^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Yonne  and  Beuvron,  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Nevers.  Pop.  6616.  It  has  several  Gothic  churches, 
a  fine  modern  ch&teau,  manufactures  of  earthenwares,  paper, 
and  leather,  and  an  active  trade  in  fuel.  It  is  a  railway 
terminus,  and  has  remains  of  an  old  fortress  and  walls. 

Clam  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on  Clam 
River,  22  miles  N.  of  Clayton.     It  has  a  savy-mill. 

Clam  Har'bor,  a  settlement  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  10  miles  N.  of  Guysborough. 
Pop.  100. 

Clam  Lake,  a  village  of  Michigan.    See  Cadillac. 

Clam  Lake,  township,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1047. 

Clam  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  a  lake  in  Wexford  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Missaukee  co.,  and  enters  the 
Muskegon  River  in  Clair  co. 

Clam  Union,  a  township  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  117.     It  contains  Falmouth. 

Clan'cey,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Montana,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  a  silver- 
mine,  4  saw-mills,  a  silver-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Clane,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Liffey, 
here  crossed  by  a  six-arched  bridge,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Dublin.  Here  are  the  remains  of  an  abbey  founded  in  548, 
of  a  Franciscan  priory  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  ruined 
castle,  and  an  ancient  earthwork.     Pop.  266. 

Clanis,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Chiana. 

Clanis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  river  Clain. 

Clan'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala., 
about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Montgomery,  on  the  South  A  North 
Alabama  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Clanton,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa. 

Clapham,  klap'am,  a  parish  and  suburb  of  London, 
England,  in  Surrey,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's.  Numer- 
ous railways  centre  here.     Pop.  in  1871,  27,347. 

Clapham,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Becancour  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Clap'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Hannibal. 

Clap'perton,  an  island  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  69° 
42'  N.;  Ion.  123°  15'  W. 

Clap's  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  equator;  Ion.  98°  E. 

Clap'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  1^  miles  from 
Tryonville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Claquato,  kli-kwah'to,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Chehalis  River,  33  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Olympia,  and  3i  miles  from  Newaukum.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  147. 

Clara,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Clare. 

Clara,  kli'ri,  one  of  the  Mergui  Islands,  off  the  coast 
of  Tenasserim. 

Clara,  klS,'ra,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  King's  co.,  8  milei 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  996. 

Clara,  kl&'r&,  called  also  Villa  \vee]'y&)  Clara,  and 
Santa  Clara,  a  town  of  Cuba,  about  30  miles  by  raiJ 
N.E.  of  Cienfuegos.     Pop.  6132. 


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Clar'a^  a  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  195. 

Clara  City,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  cc,  Minn.,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Granite  Falls.     It  has  3  churches. 

Clar'an  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Galway.     Pop.  200. 

Clara  Vallis,  an  ancient  name  of  Clairvaux. 

Clare,  a  river  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Qalway,  runs  S.  for  32 
miles,  and  enters  Lough  Corrib  3  miles  N.  of  Galway. 

Clare,  or  Clara,  an  island  oflfthe  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
00.  of  Mayo,  at  the  entrance  of  Clew  Bay.  Length,  4^  miles. 
Westport  is  a  village  on  its  E.  coast. 

Clare,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  having  W.  the 
Atlantic,  and  landward  the  counties  of  Galway,  Tipperary, 
and  Limerick,  it  being  separated  from  the  two  latter  by 
Lough  Derg  and  the  river  Shannon.  Area,  1294  square 
miles.  Surface  mostly  hilly,  with  some  tracts  of  level  land; 
coast  precipitous.  Principal  rivers,  the  Fergus  and  its 
affluents.  Small  lakes  are  numerous.  Soil  fertile  in  the 
lowlands.  The  fisheries  are  important ;  manufactures  are 
only  of  linens,  hosiery,  flannels,  and  friezes  for  home  con- 
sumption. Chief  towns,  Ennis,  the  capital,  Kilrush,  En- 
nistyraon,  and  a  part  of  Killaloe.  Exclusive  of  Ennis,  the 
county  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Be- 
sides numerous  ecclesiastical  remains,  Clare  co.  is  reported 
to  contain  118  ancient  baronial  castles.  Capital,  Ennis. 
Pop.  in  1881,  141,457;  in  1891,  123,859. 

Clare,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  above  county,  on  the 
Fergus,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge,  2  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Ennis.  It  contains  an  old  castle,  now  an  infantry 
barrack.  Its  quay  is  inadequate  for  its  commerce.  It  ex- 
ports corn,  meal,  flour,  &o.  About  1  mile  southward  are 
the  remains  of  Clare  Abbey.     Pop.  876. 

Clare,  or  Clare-Morris,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Mayo,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  1103. 

Clare,  a  town  of  England,  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Stour, 
about  IS  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1887. 

Clare,  a  wapentake  or  division  of  the  county  of  York, 
West  Riding,  England,  comprising  29  parishes,  with  the 
towns  of  Ripon,  Knaresborough,  Otley,  &c. 

Clare,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Muskegon 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Tobacco  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  Capital,  Harrison.  Pine 
timber  abounds  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  366;  in  1880,  4187; 
in  1890,  7558. 

Clare,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Noblesville.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  general  store. 

Clare,  a  post-village  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Harrison.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
ofSce,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  cigar-factory,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  shingles,  and  broom  handles.  Pop. 
1174. 

Clare,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Digby.    P.  1877. 

Claremont,    See  Clearmont. 

Claremont,  klair'mont,  a  post-village  of  Kit  Carson 
CO.,  Col.,  18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  church 
organizations,  a  public  school,  &c.     Pop.  100. 

Claremont,  a  post- village  of  Richland  co..  111.,  6  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Olney.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  212. 

Claremont,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Baltimore. 

Claremont,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.E.  of  Owatonna,  and  12  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Mantorville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  200  ;  of  the  township,  704. 

Claremont,  klair'mont,  or  kli'r^-mont,  a  beautiful 
post-village  of  Claremont  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  and  on  Sugar  River,  55 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord,  and  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut 
River.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  liberally  endowed  institution  called  the  Stevens 
High  School,  a  public  library,  3  cotton-mills,  and  several 
manufactories  of  paper,  woollen  goods,  and  other  articles. 
The  river  falls  here  150  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile,  and 
affords  great  water-power.  It  has  printing-offices  which  issue 
3  weekly  newspapers.  The  Sullivan  Railroad  passes  through 
the  W.  part  of  the  township.     P.  of  township  (1890),  5665. 

Claremont,  a  station  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  3  miles  from  the  initial  station. 

Claremont,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
Kail  road,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa. 


Claremont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Camden  Junction. 

Claremont,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  28  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  121. 

Claremont,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Surry  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Riggins. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  a 
cheese-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  400. 

Claremont,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Stouffville.  It  contains  3  churches  and  several 
stores  and  mills.     Pop.  500. 

Clare'mont  Isles,  a  group  of  low  islands  oflF  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  13°  38'  S.;  Ion.  141°  45'  E. 

Claremont  Junction,  2  miles  W.  of  Claremont, 
N.H.,  42  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brattleborough,  Vt. 

Clare'more,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  38  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Vinita.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  900. 

Clare-Morris,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Clarb. 

Clar'ence,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Tipton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  2  hotels,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  grain  warehouses.     Pop.  664. 

Clarence,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1032.     It  contains  Duck  Lake  Village. 

Clarence,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Shelby  co., 
Mo.,  J  0  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  roller  flour-mill,  a  publio 
graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1078. 

Clarence,  or  Clarence  Hollow,  a  post-village  of 
Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  18  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  classical  union  school,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
about  450. 

Clarence,  a  post-borough  of  Spartanburgh  co.,  S.C.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Wellford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100.  ' 

Clarence,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles 
S.  of  Thurso,  Quebec.     Pop.  150. 

Clarence  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clarence  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles  W.  of  Batavia,  and  16  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  <tc. 

Clarence  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  from  Thurso,  Quebec.     Pop.  150. 

Clar'ence  Harbor,  or  Port  Clar'ence,  in  Alaska, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Behring  Strait,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Cape 
Prince  of  Wales.     Here  is  Nookmut,  an  Esquimaux  village. 

Clar'ence  Island,  in  South  America,  W.  of  Terra 
del  Fuego.  Lat.  54°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  71°  20'  W.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  52  miles ;  breadth,  23  miles. 

Clarence  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.  of  Navi- 
gator Island.     Lat.  8°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  172°  10'  W. 

Clar'ence  Lake,  or  Great  Lake,  a  lake  of  Tas- 
mania, in  Norfolk  Plains,  of  irregular  form,  about  9  miles 
in  length,  and  4  miles  in  breadth  at  the  broadest  parts. 

Clarence  Peak,  in  Fernando  Po  Island,  is  10,700 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Clarence  River,  one  of  the  largest  streams  in  Aus- 
tralia, rises  in  the  MoPherson  Mountains,  and  flows  into 
Shoal  Bay,  New  South  Wales.  It  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth, 
where  there  is  a  light-house  (lat.  29°  25'  S.,  Ion.  153°  25' 
E.),  and  a  costly  breakwater.  Length,  240  miles.  Vessels 
drawing  10  feet  ascend  50  miles  to  Grafton,  and  small 
steamers  go  30  miles  farther,  to  Moleville.  Its  valley  is 
exceedingly  fertile. 

Clarence  Strait,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  between  the 
island  of  Kishm  and  the  mainland,  varies  in  breadth  from 
3  to  13  miles,  and  is  studded  with  islands. 

Clarence  Strait,  in  Alaska,  is  between  Prince  of  Wales 
Archipelago  and  Duke  of  York  Island. 

Clarence  Strait,  the  channel  between  Melville  Island 
and  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  communicating  with  Van 
Diemen's  Gulf.     It  is  about  12  miles  in  breadth. 

Clar'encetown,  a  settlement,  formerly  a  British  mili- 
tary station,  on  the  N.  side  of  Fernando  Po  Island. 

Clar'enceville,  a  station  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
3  miles  W.  of  Jamaica,  N.Y. 

Clarenceville,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in 
Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  between  the  Richelieu  River  and 
Missisquoi  Bay,  3  miles  from  Lacolle.  It  contains  2 
churches,  several  stores,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Clarendon,  klir'en-dpn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 
part  of  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  664  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Santee 
River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Lynch's  Creek,  and  traversed 


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by  Black  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Man- 
ning. Pop.  in  1870, 14,038  ;  in  1880, 19,190  ;  in  1890,  23,233. 
Clarendon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co..  Ark., 
on  the  east  bank  of  White  River,  48  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Helena.  Cotton  and  other  products  are  shipped  here  in 
steamboats.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  1060. 

Clarendon*  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Marshall.  It  has  saw-  and  cider-mills,  a 
jelly-factory,  and  a  land-roller  factory. 

Clarendon,  a  post- village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Holley  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  vinegar-factory,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  206. 

Clarendon,  a  village  of  Mead  township,  Warren  co.. 
Pa.,  near  Clarendon  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  sole-leather. 

Clarendon,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Donlty  co.,  Tex., 
164  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita  Falls.  It  has  several 
church  organizations,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  rail- 
road round-house  and  machine-shons.     Pop.  in  1890,  949. 

Clarendon,  a  post-township  ofRutland  co.,  Vt.,  about 
6  miles  S.  of  Rutland,  is  drained  by  Otter  Creek,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  1173.  Clarendon  Post-Office  and  Station  is  on  the 
Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Rutland.  See 
Clarendon  Springs. 

Clarendon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Pontiao  co., 
Quebec,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bristol.  It  contains  saw-,  grist-, 
and  car  ding-mills,  2  churches,  and  several  stores.     P.  250. 

Clarendon  Front,  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Que- 
bec, 5  miles  W.  of  Bristol.     Pop.  100. 

Clarendon  Hill,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Boston. 
Here  are  many  elegant  suburban  residences. 

Clarendon  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co.,  111., 
in  Downer  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  high  ground,  and  has  3  churches. 

Clar'endon  Park,  an  extra-parochial  liberty,  an- 
ciently a  royal  forest  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  2^  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Salisbury.  Pop.  193.  Here  are  the  remains  of  a  royal 
palace  or  hunting-seat,  in  which  Henry  II.  held  the  council 
that  enacted,  in  1194,  the  Constitutions  of  Clarendon. 

Clarendon  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in  Clarendon  township,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  medicinal  springs,  several  cot- 
tages, and  a  large  hotel,  with  rooms  fbr  about  250  guests. 

Clar'ens  (Fr.  pron.  kli^r6N»'),  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  4  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Vevay. 

Clarenza,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Klarentza. 

Clariacum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Clery. 

Clar'idon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Clari- 
don  township,  32  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  The  township  is 
traversed  by  the  PainesviDe  <fc  Youngstown  Railroad.  Dairy 
products  and  cattle  are  its  staples.     Pop.  of  township,  909. 

Claridon,  a  village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Claridon  town- 
ship, 4  miles  S.  of  Caledonia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  a  carriage-shop.  Claridon  township  contains 
also  the  village  of  Caledonia,  and  a  population  of  1483. 

Clari'na,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Granby  River,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Granby.     Pop.  400. 

Clarin'da,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Nodaway  River,  about  110  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines, 
and  65  miles  S.E.  of  Omaha.  It  is  also  14  miles  S.  of 
Clarinda  Junction  on  the  Burlington  &  Nodaway  River 
Railway,  which  connects  near  Villisca  with  the  Burlington 
A  Missouri  River  Railroad.  It  contains  12  churches,  a 
graded  school-system,  2  banks,  manufactures  of  brick  and 
tile,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  3  flour-mills.  Here  is  the 
southwest  insane  asylum  of  the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  3262. 

Clarinda  Junction,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Burlington  &  Nodaway  River  Railway, 
227  miles  W.  of  Burlington. 

Clar'ington,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Sunfish  Creek,  13  miles  (direct) 
E.  of  Woodsfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  large  tannery,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
seminary.     Pop.  762. 

Clarington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on  Clarion 
River,  14  miles  N.  of  Brookville. 

Clar'ion,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 


has  an  area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Clarion  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Red  Bank  Creek.  The  surface  ia 
partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests ;  the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Oats,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  lumber,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  valuable  beds  of  coal,  iron  ore,  and  lime- 
stone. The  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  passes  along  its 
S.W.  border,  and  the  Low  Grade  division  of  that  railroad 
traverses  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  Capital,  Clarion.  Pop 
in  1870,  36,537;  in  1880,  40,328;  in  1890,  36,802. 

Clarion,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.  Pop.  1023. 
Clarion  Station  is  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Princeton.  The  township  is 
also  traversed  by  the  Mendota  <fc  Clinton  Railroad. 

Clarion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Clarion  township,  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It 
has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  744 ;  of 
the  township,  1071. 

Clarion,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Elmira,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Boyne.  I» 
has  2  churches,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of  wood- 
ware.     Pop.  250. 

Clarion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Neb.,  14  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Clarion,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  &  We.«(f.n 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2 
national  banks,  a  normal  school,  a  machine-shop,  ka.  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2164. 

Clarion,  a  station  in  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia 
&  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Ridgway. 

Clar'ion,  or  Cloud's  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Mexico.  Lat.  18°  N.;  Ion. 
114°  50'  W. 

Clarion  River,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  McEean  uu., 
and  runs  generally  south  west  ward.  It  intersects  Elk  co., 
forms  the  N.W.  boundary  of  Jefferson,  and  finally  runs 
through  the  middle  of  Clarion  co.  and  enters  the  Alleghany 
River.  It  is  about  130  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  region 
in  which  coal  abounds. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  E.  piirt  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  navigable  Wabash  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Embarras  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  and 
Paris  &  Danville  Railroads.  Capital,  Marshall.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,719;  in  1880,  21,894;  in  1890,  21,899. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  393  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Mad 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Little  Miami  River  and  Beaver 
and  Lagonda  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
buckeye,  hickory,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  butter,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian),  a  very  good 
material  for  building,  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the 
surface,  and  is  extensively  quarried.  This  rock  here  con- 
tains much  magnesia.  Good  quicklime  is  extensively  pre- 
pared from  it.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlantic  4 
Great  Western  Railroad,  and  other  railroads  connect  at 
Springfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,32,070;  in  1880, 
41,948;  in  1890,  52,277. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  ia 
traversed  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  and  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Area,  970  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  or  nearly  level.  Capital,  Clark. 
Pop.  in  1880,  114;  in  1890,  6728. 

Clark,  or  Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wash- 
ington, has  an  area  of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S,  and  partly  on  the  W.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and 
IS  intersected  by  the  Cathlapootle  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  cedar,  fir,  ash,  maple, 
and  oak  abound  here.  Capital,  Vancouver.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3081;  in  1880,5490;  in  1890,  11,709. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  1224  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
Black  River  (which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts),  and 
is  partly  drained  by  Eau  Claire  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
even, and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  product- 
ive.    Lumber,  oats,  and  wheat  are  the  chief  products  of 


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the  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  West  Wisconsin 
Railroad.  Capital  Neillsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3450;  in 
1875,  7282;  in  1880,  10,715;  in  1890,  17,708. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1474. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2175. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1567. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  711. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  121. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1276. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  800. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1887. 

Clark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  19  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  250. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  331. 

Clark,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  1691.  It  in- 
olndes  Feesburg,  Hamersville,  and  Brownsville. 

Clark,  a  post-oflBce  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  is  at  the  borough 
of  Clarksville. 

Clark,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.    See  Clark's  Mills. 

Clark,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  S.D.,  31  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  3 
newspaper  oflBces,  and  manufactures  of  flour.     Pop.  592. 

Clark  Centre,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clark  co..  111.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Auburn. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  1160  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Alabama  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tombigbee. 
These  rivers,  which  are  both  navigable,  unite  at  the  south- 
ern extremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine, 
cypress,  cedar,  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile 
and  partly  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Grove  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,663;  in 
1880,  17,806;  in  1890,  22,624. 

Clarke,  or  Clark,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  905  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Washita  River,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Missouri  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Terre 
Noire  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
hickory,  oak,  pine,  <fcc. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.  Capital,  Arkadel- 
phia.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,953;  in  1880,  15,771;  in  1890, 
20,997. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  140  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Oconee  River  and  its  branches.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  Granite  underlies  this  county,  and 
gold  has  been  found  in  it.  A  branch  railroad  connects 
Athens,  the  capital,  with  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,941;  in  1880,  11,702;  in  1890,  15,186. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Silver  Creek. 
The  surface  is  moderately  uneven;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  iron  ore  and  lime- 
stone. It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  and 
JeflfersoDville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Charlestown.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,770;  in  1880,  28,610; 
in  1890,  30,259. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several  small  affluents 
of  Des  Moines  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  of  trees ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  A, 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Osceola.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8735;  in  1880,  11,513;  in  1890,  11,332. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  Oklahoma,  has  an  area  of  about  975  square  miles.  It 
ia  drained  by  the  Cimarron  River.  Its  surface  is  almost 
level.  Cottonwood-,  elm-,  hackberry-,  and  walnut-trees  are 
found  on  the  river  banks,  while  a  good  quality  of  sand- 
stone and  gypsum  are  gathered  in  the  southern  portion, 
and  yellow  ochre  has  been  discovered  in  the  northeast. 
Ashland  is  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  163 ;  fn  1890,  2357. 

Clarke,  or  Clark,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Red  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly ;  the  soil 
in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Hydraulic  limestone  is  found  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Winchester.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,882;  in 
1880,  12,115;  in  1890,  15,434. 


Clarke,  or  Clark,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chiokasawha  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Quitman. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7505;  in  1880,  15,021 ;  in  1890,  15,826. 

Clarke,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  and  Wyaconda 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts 
of  good  timber  growing  near  the  rivers.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Car- 
boniferous limestone  underlies  part  of  the  surface.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad. 
Capital,  Kahoka.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,667;  in  1880,  15,031; 
in  1890,  15,126. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  255  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Shen- 
andoah River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia,  and 
has  a  fertile  soil  based  on  limestone.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Berry- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  6670;  in  1880,  7682;  in  1890,  8071. 

Clarke,  Lake  co.,  Ind.     See  Clarke  Station. 

Clarke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ward 
township,  at  Stone  Station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  Si 
Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Winchester. 

Clarke,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  939. 

Clarke,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1877.  It 
contains  Martinsville  and  Farmers'  Station. 

Clarke,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  867.  It 
contains  Helmick  and  a  part  of  Bloomfield. 

Clarke,  or  New'ton,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  from  Newtonville.  It  contains  several 
stores  and  hotels  and  3  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Clarke  City,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  18 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kankakee.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Clarke  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Kahoka.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Clarke's  Harbor,  a  post-village  on  Cape  Sable 
Island,  Shelburne  co..  Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  S.  of  Barring- 
ton.     Pop.  400. 

Clarke's  Point,  a  narrow  peninsula  in  Massachusetts, 
S.W.  of  New  Bedford  Bay.  At  the  extremity  of  the  point 
is  a  fixed  light;  lat.  41°  35'  30"  N.,  Ion.  70°  54'  12"  W. 

Clarke's  River,  Flathead  River,  or  Clarke's 
Fork  of  the  Columbia  River,  rises  by  several 
branches  among  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the  western  part 
of  Montana.  The  names  of  its  head-streams  are  Hell  Gate, 
Bitter  Root,  and  Blackfoot  Rivers,  several  of  which  unite 
near  Missoula,  in  Montana.  The  river  runs  thence  north- 
westward, traverses  the  northern  part  of  Idaho,  and  enters 
the  Columbia  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Washington,  about  lat. 
48°  50'  N.  It  is  about  700  miles  long,  including  one  of 
the  branches.  Gold  is  found  near  the  upper  part  of  this 
river,  in  Montana.  In  Idaho,  near  lat.  48°  10'  N.,  it  ex- 
pands into  a  lake  called  Pend  d'Oreille,  which  is  about  30 
miles  long  and  8  miles  wide,  and  1600  feet  above  the  sea- 
level. 

Clarke's  Summit,  Pa.    See  Clark's  Green. 

Clarke  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Clarkes'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Muncy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  2 
wagon-works,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Clarkes'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Habersham 
CO.,  Ga.,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Tallulah  Falls.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  3y6. 

Clark'field,  a  post-rillage  of  Yellow  Medicine  oo., 
Minn.,  11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hanley  Falls.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  178. 

Clark  Island,  Behring  Sea.    See  St.  Lawrence. 

Clarks,  a  post-village  of  Merrick  co..  Neb.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Central  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  oflfice.     Pop.  800. 

Clark's,  a  post-office  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  at  the  vil- 
lage of  Bloomfield. 

Clark's,  a  station  in  Geaaga  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Youngs 
town  <fc  Painesville  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Chardon. 

Clark's,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bellefonte 
<fc  Snowshoe  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefonte. 

Clark's  Beach,  a  large  fishing  settlement  of  New- 
foundland, on  the  N.  side  of  Conception  Bay,  4  miles  from 
Brigus.     Pop.  444. 


CLA 


900 


CLA 


Clarks'borough)  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
In  Greenwich  township,  on  the  railroad  from  Camden  to 
Bwedesborough,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Clarksborough,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Clifton  township,  on  Grass  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Ogdensburg.    It  has  an  iron-fumace  and  several  saw-mills. 

Clarks'burg,  a  post- village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  about  15 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sacramento,  and  about  22  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Woodland.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  general  store. 

Clarksburg,  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     See  Odon. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  wagons,  tinware,  Ac,  and  several  stores 
and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  500. 

Clarksburg,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clark 
township,  4  miles  from  Acton  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  planing-mill.     Here  is  Rocklane  Post-OflSce. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
4  miles  from  Germantown  Station,  and  38  miles  W.  of 
Baltimore.   It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores.   Pop.  about  150. 

Clarksburg,  a  township  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Vermont  line.     Pop.  686.     It  contains  Briggsville. 

Clarksburg,  a  village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  A  Ontonagon  Railroad,  13  miles  W. 
of  Negaunee,  and  li  miles  from  Hr.mboldt  Post-OflBce.  It 
has  iron-mines,  a  church,  an<l  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.  (Mon- 
iteau Station),  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  California.  It  has 
several  church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  college,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Millstone  township,  20  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and  11  miles 
from  Freehold.     It  has  a  church,  a  store,  and  a  tannery. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eden 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  N.AV.  of  Chillicotbe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  about 
33  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co., 
W.  Va.,  is  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  River,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  82  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg,  and  302  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  contains  9  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  Catholic 
academy,  a  female  college  (Baptist),  a  foundry,  2  machine- 
shops,  and  2  carriage-shops.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  The  adjacent  country  is  hilly  and  abounds 
in  coal,  the  mining  of  which  is  the  principal  business  of  the 
place.     Pop.  in  1880,  2307  ;  in  1890,  3008. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  near 
the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad, 
16  miles  W.  of  CoUingwood.  It  contains  a  church,  several 
stores,  2  hotels,  2  woollen-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Clark's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
at  Goshen  Station  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Clark's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Gansevoort.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Clark's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Clark's  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Morris  co.,  runs  north- 
ward through  Davis  co.,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Junction  City. 

Clark's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearly  southwest- 
ward  in  Dauphin  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River 
about  10  miles  above  Harrisburg. 

Clark's  Creek,  township,  Morris  co.,  Kansas.    P.  135. 

Clark's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky. 

Clarks'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Taylorville. 

Clarksdale,  a  post-village  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coahoma.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  oil-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  781. 

Clark's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co., 
Conn.,  6  miles  N.  of  Westerly,  R.I.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Clark's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
e  miles  N.W.  of  the  borough  of  Dauphin. 

Clarks'field,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
Vermilion  River,  in  Clarksfield  township,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
6f  Nnrwalk.  and  about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.    The 


township  has  4  churches  and  3  cheese-factories.    Pop.  of 
the  township,  1062. 

Clark's  Fork  of  the  Yellowstone  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Wyoming,  runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone 
River  in  Montana,  near  lat.  45°  43'  N.  It  is  about  150 
miles  long,  and  traverses  a  very  mountainous  region  of  vol 
canic  origin.     Silver  is  found  near  this  river. 

Clark's  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Boonville.     Pop.  1126. 

Clark's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Clark's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  N.W. 
of  Alexandria. 

Clark's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Clark's  Green,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Abington  township,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Western  Railroad  (near  Clark's  Summit  Station),  8  miles 
N.  of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clark's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn. 

Clark's  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  steam 
grist-mill. 

Clark's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  19 
miles  from  Augusta,  Ga.     It  has  a  church. 

Clark's  Island,  Knox  co..  Me.,  an  isle  in  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  10  miles  from  Rockland,  has  an  area  of  200 
acres.  It  is  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a  stone  bridge. 
Here  are  quarries  of  fine  granite,  which  is  exported. 

Clark's  Island,  the  most  southern  of  the  Fumeaux 
group,  off  the  N.E.  end  of  Tasmania.     Lat.  40°  S. 

Clark's  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  27" 
48'  N.;  Ion.  176°  W. 

Clark's  Landing,  Arkansas.    See  Askew. 

Clark's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Ga. 

Clark's  Mill,  a  hamlet  in  Richmond  and  Charleston 
townships,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  Usquepaug  River,  near 
Richmond  Station  on  the  Providence  A  Stonington  Rail* 
road.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  yams. 
Pop.  101.     Nearest  post-office,  Shannock  Mills. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  ia 
Kirkland  township,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  and  on  the  Roma 
Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  about  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  and  2  other  mills. 
Pop.  420. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Batten  Kill,  about 
i  mile  from  Schuylerville.  It  has  a  planing-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Carthage.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mercer  co., 
Pa.,  in  Perry  township,  on  the  Jamestown  A  Franklin  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis., 
in  Cato  township,  on  the  Manitowoc  River,  about  12  miles 
W.  of  Manitowoc  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Camden  East, 

Clark'son,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  28  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Scribner,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Schuyler. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  bank.     Pop.  300. 

Clarkson,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Brockport. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2  carriage-factories. 

Clarkson,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  about 
8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  150. 

Clark's  Prairie,  Daviess  co.,  Ind.    See  Clarksburg. 

Clark's  River,  Ky.,  runs  northward  through  Calloway 
CO.,  intersects  Marshall  co.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River 
at  its  mouth,  about  2  miles  above  Paducah.  It  is  about  75 
miles  long.  Its  West  Branch  drains  part  of  Graves  co.,  and 
enters  Clark's  River  6  or  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Clark's  River,  a  station  in  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah, 
near  the  stream  called  Clark's  River. 

Clark's  Run,  a  small  stream  of  Yuba  co.,  towards  the 
N.  part  of  California,  falls  into  the  Yuba  River  about  20 
miles  above  Marysville. 

Clark's  Station,  a  village  in  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  162  mile*  W.  of  Cincin- 
nati. Here  are  important  mines  of  cannel  and  bituminous 
coal.     Post-office  name,  Cannelburg. 

Clark's  Summit,  Pa.    See  Clark's  Grsek. 

Clarks'ton,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Gs. 


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901 


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Clarkston,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Independence  township,  about  1  mile  from  Clark's  Station 
on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Detroit,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Holly.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
union  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  flour-mill, 
a  plough-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  471. 

Clarkstoii)  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lewis  and 
Clarke  co.,  Montana,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Helena.  It 
has  mines  of  zinc,  lead,  &c.,  and  a  silver-mill. 

Clarkston,  a  poi^t-office  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Logan.     It  has  a  church. 

Clarks'town,  Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.    See  New  City. 

Clark  Sum'niit,  a  station,  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  59  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Clarks'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
Ark.,  is  about  2  miles  N.  of  the  Arkansas  River,  on  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  101  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Cumberland  College, 
2  cotton-gins,  a  wagon-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
furniture,  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  936. 

Clarksville^  a  post-village  of  £1  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about 
25  miles  E.  of  Sacramento. 

Clarksville,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co..  111.,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Dolson  Post-Office. 

Clarksville,  Sangamon  co..  111.     See  Berry. 

Clarksville,  a  village  of  Clark  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  2i  miles  above  New  Albany,  and  opposite  Louisville. 
Here  is  Stiles  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  cement-mill. 

Clarksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Noblesville.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  in  But- 
ler township,  on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cedar  Falls,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of  Charles  City.  It  has 
a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  and  wagons.  P.  (1890)  735. 

Clarksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,Md.,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ellicott  City.     It  has  3  or  4  churches. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Ionia. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  2  saw- 
mills, cider-  and  feed-mills,  a  machine-shop,  planing-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  North- 
western Railroad,  12  miles  below  Louisiana,  and  about  40 
miles  below  Hannibal.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  vinegar-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  1 
or  2  machine-shops,  2  tobacco- factories,  a  barrel-factory, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1186. 

Clarksville,  a  former  post-village  of  Merrick  co..  Neb., 
near  the  Platte  River.     See  Clarks. 

Clarksville,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  is 
drained  by  the  Connecticut  River.     Pop.  269. 

Clarksville,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.    See  Glen  Gardner. 

Clarksville,  a  post- village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New 
Scotland  township,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  2 
ehurches.  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  236. 
larksville,  township,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  797. 
larksville,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  suburb  of  Auburn, 

'  miles  N.W.  of  the  railroad  station.  Here  are  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  woollen  goods,  and  axles. 

Clarksville,  a  hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Niagara  River,  about  1  mile  below  the  cataract.    Pop.  150. 

Clarksville,  a  village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Middle- 
field  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300.     Post-office,  Middlefield. 

Clarksville,  a  township  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  919. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Ver- 
non township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Rail- 
road, 46  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  chair-factory.    Pop.  389. 

Clarksville,  a  hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  in  Milford 
township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Edgerton. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clarksville,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Baker 
CO.,  Oregon,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Baker  City.  Gold  is  found  here. 

Clark8ville,apost-villageof  Greeneco.,  Pa.,  in  Morgan 
township,  on  Ten-Mile  Creek,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Wayneaburg, 
and  about  38  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  3 
stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Clarksville,  a  borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  She- 
nango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  near 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
New  Castle,  and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  an 
academy,  2  carriage-shops,  a  saw-mill,  3  churches,  and  2 
tanneries.     Pop.  359.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Clark. 


ehur 


Clarksville,  a  city,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Red  River,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville,  63 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  65  miles  below  Nash- 
ville by  water.  It  is  on  the  Louisville  &  Na.shville  Rail- 
road. It  is  built  on  high  and  hilly  ground,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  4  banks,  public  schools,  and  the  Clarksville 
Female  Academy.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Tobacco  and  other  products  are  shipped  here  in 
steamboats  or  by  railroad,  the  former  amounting  to  aboat 
15,000  hogsheads  annually.  Pop.  in  1880,  3880;  in  1890, 
7924.  This  city  has  Iti  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  3  planing- 
mills,  2  steam  flouriog-mills,  bending-works,  manufactures 
of  lumber,  &c.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Southwestern  University 
(Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in  1874.  To  endow  this 
institution  the  citizens  of  Clarksville  contributed  .?194,000. 
A  bridge  crosses  the  Red  River  here.  Nearly  all  the  busi- 
ness portion  of  Clarksville  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1878. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Red  River  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental 
division),  30  miles  E.  of  Paris.  It  has  4  churches,  a  Cath'^lic 
academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  about  1500. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Roanoke  River,  below  the  confluence  of  the  Dan  and 
Staunton  Rivers,  50  miles  E.  of  Danville,  and  100  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond.  A  line  of  boats  connects  this  place  with 
Boston  Station.  It  has  5  churches,  a  female  seminary, 
public  schools,  a  wagon-,  and  a  furniture-factory.    Pop.  656. 

Clarksville,  Ontario.     See  Teccmseth. 

Clark'ton,  a  post-village  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.,  in  Free- 
born township,  25  miles  S.  of  De.xter  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Clarkton,  a  post- village  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C,  in  Brown- 
marsh  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  46  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  rosin,  turpentine,  lumber,  and  barrels. 

Clark'town,  a  summer  resort  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Sparta.     It  has  2  mineral  springs. 

Clarkville,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.     See  Brookfield. 

Clar'no,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1610. 

Clary,  kli^re',  a  village  of  France,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cam- 
brai.    It  has  manufactures  of  tulles  and  gauzes.     P.  2647. 

Cla'ry's  Min'eral  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield 
CO.,  S.C,  5  miles  from  Silver  Street  Station.  Here  is  a 
medicinal  spring. 

Claryville,  kla'r^-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  E.  of  Visalia  Railroad  Station. 

Claryville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Chester,  111.     It  has  a  church. 

Claryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Neversink  township,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Kingstoi^  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clase,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Swansea,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  collieries  and 
tin-  and  steel-works.     Pop.  12,887. 

Clash'more,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Waterford,  4 
miles  N.  of  Youghal.     Pop.  of  parish,  1696. 

Clastidium,  an  ancient  name  of  Casteggio. 

Clats^ka'nie,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  oo.,  Oregon, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Helens.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  college,  &c.     Pop.  212. 

Clat'sop,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Oregon,  has  an  area  of  about  815  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
potatoes,  oats,  grass,  &g.  Capital,  Astoria.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1255;  in  1880,  7222;  in  1890,  10,016. 

Claude,  klawd,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Brampton.     Pop.  100. 

Claudia  Celeia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cillt. 

Claudy,  or  Clady,  kl&'de,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo. 
of  Tyrone,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W  of  Strabane. 

Clauselville,  klaw's^I-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Ala.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Pineapple.    It  has  2  churches. 

ClaussvUIe,  klawss'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.. 
Pa.,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Allentown. 

Clausthal,  or  Klausthal,  klSws't&l,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  in  the  Harz,  56  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hanover. 
It  is  1740  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  mostly 
built  of  wood.  It  is  the  chief  mining  town  of  the  Harz,  and 
has  a  mining  academy,  gymnasium,  and  school  of  forestry, 
with  a  valuable  museum,  a  mint,  and  a  high  school.  Nejir 
it  are  the  principal  lead-  and  silver-mines  in  the  Harz,  in 
which,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  camlets  and  of  nails,  it* 
I  population  is  employed.     Pop.  9137. 


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Clavennay  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Chiavenna. 

Claverack)  klaw'v^r-Jlk,  a  post-village  of  Claveraok 
township,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  &  Chatham 
Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  3  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Hudson.  It  contains  3  churches,  the  Claverack  College, 
and  Hudson  River  Institute.  The  township  contains  an- 
other village,  named  Philmont,  and  has  7  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  hosiery,  flour,  straw-paper,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  4518. 

Claverack  Creek,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  south- 
westward  and  northward,  and  enters  Kinderhook  Creek 
about  5  miles  N.  of  Hudson. 

ClaT'ering,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  from  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  100. 

Claw'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour. 

Clawson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Ohio,  5  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Hamilton,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Clax'ton,  a  post-oflSce  of  Tattnall  co.,  Ga. 

Claxton,  a  post-oflBce  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small  aflluents 
of  the  Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop.  in  1870,  9560 ;  in  1880, 
12,938;  in  1890,  15,765. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  par',  of  Arkansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  river  St.  Francis, 
and  traversed  by  Black  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern, 
St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas,  and  St.  Louis  Southwestern 
Railroads,  the  last  named  passing  through  Piggott,  the  capi- 
tal of  the  county.  Here  are  forests  of  cypress,  Ac.  Area, 
568  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  7213;  in  1890,  12,200. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  about  634  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  St. 
John's  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  five  lines  of  railroad, 
two  of  which,  the  Jacksonville,  Tampa  &  Key  West  and 
the  Western  Railway  of  Florida,  communicate  with  Green 
Cove  Springs,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2098;  in  1880,  2838;  in  1890,  5154. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  192  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Chattahoochee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  which 
has  a  terminus  at  Fort  Gaines,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6493;  in  1880,  6650;  in  1890,  7817. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Wabash  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Prairies  and  tracts  of  timber  are  dis- 
tributed here  in  convenient  proportions.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  and  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  same.  Capital,  Louisville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15,875;  in  1880,  16,192;  in  1890,  16,772. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  361  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Eel  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  good  block-coal,  from  which  large  quantities  have 
been  mined.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Eastern 
Illinois,  the  Chicago  &  Indiana  Coal,  the  Evansville  & 
Terre  Haute,  and  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
roads, which  all  centre  at  Brazil,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  19,084;  in  1880,  25,854;  in  1890,  30,536. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Sioux 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Spen- 
cer.    Pop.  in  1870,  1523;  in  1880,  4248;  in  1890,  9309. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  660  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Re- 
publican River,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  &c.,  are  the  staple 
products.  A  large  proportion  of  this  county  (about  95  per 
cent.)  is  prairie.  Capital,  Clay  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2942;  in  1880,  12,320;  in  1890,  16,146. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  South 
Fork  of  Kentucky  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.     The  soil  pro- 


duces Indian  corn  and  oats.  This  county  has  beds  of  iron 
ore,  and  springs  from  which  salt  is  procured.  Capital,  Mao* 
Chester.  Pop.  in  1870,  8297;  in  1880,  10,222;  in  1890, 
12,447.  ' 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  and  is  intersected 
by  Buffalo  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  di- 
versified by  prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which  are 
the  more  extensive.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Limestone 
underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Moorhead.  Pop.  in  1870,  92 ;  in 
1875  1451;  in  1880,  5887;  in  1890,  11,517. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  E.  or  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Ok- 
tibbeha River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  magnolia, 
white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  West  Point. 
Pop.  in  1880,  17,367;  in  1890,  18,607. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  also  drained  by  Fishing  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  undulations  or  hills  of  mod- 
erate height,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  white 
oak,  ash,  elm,  hickory,  black  walnut  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  and  sandstone  are  abundant  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Hannibal 
A  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,564;  in  1880,  15,572;  in  1890,  19,856. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Blue 
River  and  the  West  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  portion 
of  it  is  prairie.  Limestone  of  the  cretaceous  formation  un- 
derlies this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Clay  Centre.  Pop.  in 
1870,  64;  in  1876,  4787;  in  1880,  11,294;  in  1890,  16,310. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  160  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Hiawassee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Hayesville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2461;  in  1880,  3316;  in  1890,  4197. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered 
with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  pota- 
toes, Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  and  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroads,  the  former  passing  through  Vermilion, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2621 ;  in  1880, 5001 ;  in  1890, 7509. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Tennessee,  bordering 
on  Kentucky,  is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Obey's  River.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Here  are  forests  of  beech,  hickory,  maple, 
oak,  chestnut,  walnut,  Ac.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and 
oats  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Celina.  Pop.  in  1880,  6987; 
in  1890,  7260. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  IIUO  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Big  and  Little  Wichita 
Rivers.  Capital,  Henrietta.  Pop.  in  1880,  5045;  in  1890, 
7503. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  325  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Elk  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass. 
Capital,  Clav  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  2196;  in  1880, 
3460 ;  in  1890,  4659. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  17  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  store. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  778. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  949. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  814. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1269. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2065. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1413. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1571. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1350. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1973.  It 
contains  Rose  Hill  and  Silver  Lake. 

Clay,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1248. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  972.  It 
contains  Wawpecong. 


CLA 


903 


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Pop.  1386.    It 
Pop.  1442.   It 
Pop.  1094.    It 
It  con- 
Pop.  492.    It 


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Pop.  641. 
Pop.  962. 

Pop.  1197. 

Pop.  287. 


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Clay^  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind 
•ontains  Brooklyn  and  Centreton. 
Clay,  a  township  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1284. 
i  tains  White  Hall. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  747.  It  con 
tains  Union. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Spencer  oo.,  Ind. 
contains  Buffaloville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind 
contains  Notre  Dame. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind. 
I  contains  Washington. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  698 
tains  Peterson, 
j      Clay,  a  township  of  Grundy  oo.,  Iowa. 
i  contains  Beaman. 

Mlay,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa. 
lay,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 
lay,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
ains  Clay  Mills. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa, 
contains  lola  and  Bethel  City. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay 
i  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Fairiield.  The  township  has 
j   3  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  681. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  634. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  156. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  390, 

Clay,  a  post-oflBce  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  is  at  Clatville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  river  St. 
Clair.     Pop.  1384.     It  contains  the  village  of  Algonac. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pearl  co..  Miss.,  33  miles  S.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1340. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1673 

Clay,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo      ~ 
contains  Hazelton. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  333. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1426. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  840. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  911. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  887. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3508. 
It  contains  Greenton. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Linn  co,.  Mo.  Pop.  939,  It  con- 
tains Eversonville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.  Pop,  1518,  It 
contains  Granville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Ralls  co..  Mo,     Pop,  1701, 

Clay,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  1433.  It 
contains  Clarence. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  877. 

Clay,  a  post-township  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  contains 
Belgium,  Centreville,  Euclid,  Three  River  Point,  and  other 
villages,  and  is  very  fertile.  Pop.  3025.  Clay  Station  is  on 
the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  835. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop,  1095,  It 
contains  St.  John's. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop.  1400.  It  is  on 
the  Ohio  River,  and  includes  Chambersburg. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Highland  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1345,  It 
contains  Buford  and  Hollowtown. 

Clay,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Portsmouth  and  Jackson, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill.   The  name  of  its  station  is  Cross  Roads. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  940.  It  con- 
tains Martinsburg. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2541.  It 
eontains  Bachman,  Dodson,  Phillipsburg,  South  Arlington, 
and  West  Baltimore. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop,  776.  It 
eontains  Roseville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2174.  It  con- 
tains Genoa. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  927. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop,  1205,  It 
includes  Gnadenhiitten. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Butler  co,.  Pa.  Pop,  1062,  It  in- 
cludes Sunbury. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  814,  ex- 
clusive of  Three  Springs. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Clay  town- 
ihip,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ephrata.  The  township  contains 
Durlach,  and  has  4  grist-miUa  and  3  churches.     Pop.  1440, 


Clay  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  in  Claybank  township,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Muskegon.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  662. 

Clay  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  on 
York  River,  15  miles  S.E.  of  West  Point.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Clay  Banks,  a  post-township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  2  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  623. 

Clay  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Clay'burg,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y,,  on  the 
Saranac  River,  in  Saranac  and  Black  Brook  townships,  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  Here  are  iron-mines.  It  has 
an  iron-forge  or  bloomery. 

Clay  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas, 
is  on  the  Republican  River,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Junction  City.  It  has  12  churches,  4  banks,  a  high  school, 
3  newspaper  offices,  3  mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop, 
a  creamery,  Ac.     Pop.  2802. 

Clay  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Neb., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fairfield,  and  about  74  miles  (direct) 
W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  several  churches,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  390. 

Clay  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  111.,  46  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  1000. 

Clay  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Brazil.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper 
offices,  coal-mines,  4  saw- mills,  Ac.     Pop.  1004. 

Clay  City,  a  post- village  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  an  extensive  saw-  and  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1065. 

Clay  Conrt-House,  or  Henry,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Clay  CO.,  W.Va.,  on  Elk  River,  about  30  miles  E.N.E, 
of  Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clay^cross',  a  town  of  England,  in  Derbyshire,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Chesterfield.     Pop.  4802. 

Clay'ford,  a  post-office  of  Jones  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Ma- 
quoketa  River. 

Clay  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Clay^hatch'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co,,  Ala.,  about  65  miles 
S.W,  of  Selma.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Clay  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga. 

Clay  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Rock  Hill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Clay  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Newark.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Clay  liick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Mercersburg.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Clay  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay 
township,  on  Maquoketa  River,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lime,  and  lumber. 

Clay'mout,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
A  Baltimore  Railroad,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wilmington,  It 
has  2  churches,  public  schools,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Clay  Pits,  Long  Island.     See  Genola. 

Clay'pool,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  barrel-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Claypool,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Ky. 

Claypools,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore A  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W,  of  Zanesville. 

Clay's,  a  station  in  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma, 
Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Selma. 

Claysburg,  klaiz'burg,  a  village  of  Blair  co,,  Pa,,  in 
Greenfield  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churohes. 

Clay's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lee  oo,,  Iowa. 

Clay's  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  oo,,  111,,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church, 

Claysville,  klaiz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo,, 
Ala.,  near  the  Tennessee  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Saltillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Licking  River,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Maysville.  It 
has  a  church.    Pop.  99. 


CLA 


904 


CLE 


Claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Cedar  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Claysville^  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Xenia. 

Claysville,  a  post- village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  118. 

Claysville,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Washington,  P.-^.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  banks,  a  graded  school,  planing-mills,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1041. 

Claysville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Keyser.     It  has  2  churches. 

Claysville,  a  village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Lit- 
tle Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg.    It  has  several  mills.    Pop.  123. 

Clay'ton,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, 3  miles  S.W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  4074. 

Clayton,  a  small  county  in  the  N.W,  central  part  of 
Georgia,  is  drained  by  Flint  River,  which  rises  in  it.  Area, 
135  square  miles.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia,  the  Atlanta  <fe  Florida,  and  the  Central 
of  Georgia  Railroads,  the  latter  passing  through  Jones- 
borough,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  5477; 
in  1880,  8027;  in  1890,  8295. 

Clayton,  a  county  in  the  ^'.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Turkey  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Volga  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  finely  diversified  with  prairies,  bluffs,  and 
forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  largely 
covered  with  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  white  oak,  and  black  walnut  alDOund.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  lead  and  good  building-stone. 
Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian)  crops  out  at  the  Volga 
River  Bluflfs,  which  rise  about  700  feet  above  the  valley. 
All  sections  of  the  county  are  traversed  by  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul  Railroad  System,  a  branch  of  which 
runs  from  Beulah,  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  to  El  Kader, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,771 ;  in  1880, 
28,829  ;  in  1890,  26,733. 

Clayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of 
Eufaula.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  4  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  997. 

Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Prescott,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  near 
Mount  Diablo.  Coal  is  mined  in  the  vicinity.  It  has 
manufactures  of  wine,  general  stores,  and  other  business 
houses. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  Duck 
Creek,  at  the  junction  of  the  Maryland  A  Delaware  Rail- 
road with  the  Delaware  division  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Wilmington.  Branch  railroads  also  extend  hence  to  Smyrna, 
Del.,  and  Massey's,  Md.  It  has  a  church  and  a  peach- 
basket  factory.     Pop.  114. 

Clayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  100 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Atlanta.    It  has  2  churches.    P.  200. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Clayton 
township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.  A  branch  railroad  extends  from  this  place  north- 
ward to  Carthage  and  Keokuk.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  slate-works,  and  manu- 
factures of  farm-cultivators,  grain-measures,  &c.    Pop.  1033. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Woodford  co..  III.     Pop.  1022. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  township,  Hendricks 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  Clayton  township,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  church  organizations,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  848. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  624. 

Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Springfield. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  177. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1060. 

Clayton,  a  post- village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dover 


and  Hudson  townships,  on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  (estimated)  500. 

Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  119. 
Clayton,  a  post-village,  since  1876  the  county-seat  of 
St.  Louis  CO.,  Mo.,  is  situated  on  a  high,  undulating  tract, 
2  miles  W.  from  the  city  limits  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  public 
schools.     Pop.  about  350. 

Clayton,  a  post- village  of  Clayton  township,  in  Glouces 
ter  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of 
Camden.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  glass.  The  township  contains  Glassborough,  and 
has  large  manufactures  of  glass.     Pop.  of  township,  3674. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
French  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Watertown.  Here 
is  the  terminus  of  the  Clayton  &  Theresa  Railroad.  The 
village  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-trade  and  ship- 
building. It  has  5  churches  and  a  graded  school.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,1748;  of  the  town- 
ship, which  comprises  part  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  4411. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  in  Clay- 
ton township,  on  the  railroad  between  Raleigh  and  Golds- 
borough,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a 
classical  school,  and  2  steam  cotton-gins.  Pop.  of  towB- 
ship,  1534. 

Clayton,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Maysville,  Ky. 

Clayton,  a  hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  2^  miles  from 
Bradford  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clayton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  is  at  th« 
village  of  Salem,  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Dayton. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Perry  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1195.  It 
contains  Rehoboth  and  Saltillo. 

Clayton,  a  post- village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Hereford 
township,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Clayton,  a  post-office  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  Baptist  college  and  a  ma- 
sonic hall. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1616. 
It  contains  Soldier's  Grove. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  North 
Wisconsin  Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  3  stores,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Menasha.     Pop.  1300. 

Clay'ton,  or  Bel'lamy's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on  Indian  River,  11  miles  from  Al- 
monte. It  has  a  woollen-factory,  planing-mill,  carding- 
mill,  and  several  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Clayto'na,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 

Clay'ton  Centre,  a  village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  i 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  El  Kader.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay'ton-le-Moors,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lan- 
cashire, 4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Blackburn.     Pop.  5390. 

Clay'ton's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
4i  miles  from  Freehold. 

Clay'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  8 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Wellington  Junction.  It  has  2  church 
organizations. 

Claytonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  31  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clay  Village,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Shelbyville. 

Clayville,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga. 

Clayville  (Clay  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of  Webster 
CO.,  Ky.,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dixon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Clayville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  11  miles 
S.  of  Utica.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  furnaces,  a  large 
woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  scythes,  hoes,  hay-forks, 
and  other  implements.     Pop.  944. 

Clayville  (Lindsey  Post-Office)  a  borough  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Young  township,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  2  churches,  iron-works,  a  roller-mill,  3  planing-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  brick.     Pop.  1402. 

Clayville,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.L,  7  milei 
N.W.  of  Hope.     It  has  a  church  and  cotton-mills. 

Clear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 

Clear  Creek,  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  enters  the  Sacramento 
River  from  the  W.  a  few  miles  below  Shasta. 


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Clear  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  on  the  E.  slope  of  the 
Soowy  or  Main  Range,  near  Gray's  Peak,  runs  eastward 
through  Clear  Creek  and  Jefferson  cos.,  and  enters  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River  about  6  miles  below  Denver. 
Length,  79  miles.     Gold  and  silver  are  mined  on  this  creek. 

Clear  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southward  through  Union 
00.  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River. 

Clear  Creek,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Col- 
orado, is  drained  by  Clear  Creek.  The  Rocky  Mountains, 
here  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  extend  along  the  western 
border  of  this  county,  which  abounds  in  beautiful  scenery. 
The  inhabitants  are  mostly  employed  in  mining.  It  has 
rich  mines  of  gold  and  silver,  which  are  found  in  quartz 
rock.  Mount  Evans,  in  this  county,  is  14,330  feet  high. 
It  is  intersected  from  E.  to  W.  by  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road system,  which  runs  through  Georgetown,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  1596;  in  1880,  7823;  in 
1890,  7184, 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  about  17  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  Clanton.     It  has  general  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Durham. 

Clear  Creek,  a  station  in  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  Oregon  division,  5  miles  S.  of  Red- 
ding.    It  has  a  hotel,  a  store,  <fec. 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Alexander  co..  111.  Pop. 
1068.     It  contains  Clear  Creek  Landing. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  111.,  about 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  A  yearly  meeting  of  Friends 
is  held  here. 

lear  Creek,  township,  Huntington  co.,  Ind.    P.  1273. 

lear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 

ut  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  is  intersected  by 

Salt  Creek,  and  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 

Railroad.   Clear  Creek  Station  is  3i  miles  S.  of  Bloomington. 

Pop.  1325. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 

■Clear  Creek,  township,  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1098. 
Clear  Creek,  township.  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  754. 
Clear  Creek,  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1270. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Seneca.     Pop.  549. 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  702. 

Clear  Creek,  a  station  of  Tishemingo  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  5  miles  from  luka. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Mo., 
about  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Potosi. 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.     P.  445. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Saunders 
00.,  Neb.,  on  the  Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Railroad,  26 
miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mayville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  dis- 
trict school.     Pop.  100. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
It  has  several  gold-mines.  Pop.  615.  (Post-office,  Mint  Hill.) 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1198.     It  contains  Savannah. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1743.  It  contains  villages  named  Oakland  and  Stoutville. 
Clear  Creek  Station  is  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum 
Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Circleville. 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop.  2605. 
It  includes  the  village  of  Springborough. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Limestone  Railroad  Station. 

Clear  Creek,  a  station  of  Galveston  oo.,  Texas,  on  the 
Qalveston,  Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Galveston. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  from  Simcoe.     Pop.  100. 

Clear  Creek  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Clear  Creek  Lauding,  a  post-village  of  Alexander 
00.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  6  miles  above  Cape 
Girardeau,  Mo. 

Clear  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Clear'field,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  1079  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Moshannon  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Clearfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  uplands, 
58 


high  hills,  and  deep  valleys  or  ravines,  worn  by  the  running 
water.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  lumber, 
wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
valuable  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  limestone,  and  iron  ore. 
A  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  connects  Clearfield 
(which  is  the  capital)  with  Tyrone.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine,  hickory, 
and  oak  are  found.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,741 ;  in  1880,  48,408; 
in  1890,  69,565. 

Clearfield,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Taylor  co., 
Iowa,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Conway  Crossing,  and  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
a  grain-elevator,  manufactures  of  lumber,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  452. 

Clearfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Clearfield,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Clearfield  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  aboat 
55  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Altoona,  and  157  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Harrisburg.  The  Tyrone  <k  Clearfield  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Tyrone, 
41  miles.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  ft  graded 
free  school,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  gas-works,  a 
planing-mill,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  manufactures 
of  fire-bricks,  steam-engines,  and  lumber,  a  tannery,  a 
knitting-machine  factory,  2  flour-mills,  and  3  newspaper 
offices.  Lumber  and  coal  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2248. 

Clearfield,  a  township  of  Juneau  oo.,  AVis.     Pop.  250. 
Clearfield  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Cambria  co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna in  Clearfield  co.,  about  5  miles  below  the  town  of 
the  same  name. 

Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  Ohio,  runs  eastward, 
and  unites  with  the  Black  Fork  in  the  S.  part  of  Ashland  co. 
Clear  Fork  of.  the  Brazos  River,  Texas,  runs  north- 
eastward and  eastward,  drains  parts  of  Jones,  Shackelford, 
and  Throckmorton  cos.,  and  enters  Brazos  River  in  Young 
CO.,  10  miles  S.  of  Belknap.  Length,  estimated  at  200  miles. 
Clear  Fork  of  Powder  River  rises  in  Carbon  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, runs  northeastward,  and  unites  with  the  South  Fork 
in  the  same  county. 

Clear  Fork,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Sedalia. 
Clear  Fork,  a  pos^-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va. 
Clear  Grit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Root  River,  1  mile  from  Isinours,  and  4  miles  from  Preston. 
It  has  a  flouripg-mill. 

Clear  Lake,  California,  is  in  Lake  co.,  at  an  elevation 
of  nearly  1500  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  about  25  miles 
long,  and  is  10  miles  wide  in  some  places.  Near  the  middle 
it  contracts  to  a  strait  1  or  2  miles  wide,  which  connects 
the  Upper  and  the  Lower  Lake.  The  water  is  deep  and 
clear,  and  is  said  to  be  full  of  fish.  The  shores  of  this  lake 
present  picturesque  scenery,  and  are  frequented  by  tourists 
and  sportsmen,  who  find  here  much  game.  The  outlet  is 
Cache  Creek. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.  It  is 
near  a  small  and  highly  saline  lake  with  no  outlet. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  2^  miles  S.E.  of  Ray.  It  has  a  church. 
Clear  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa,  is 
in  Clear  Lake  township,  on  the  Iowa  <fc  Dakota  Division  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Mason  City.  It  is  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  which  is 
about  6  miles  long.  It  has  2  banks,  4  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1718. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sherburae  co.,  Minn.,  ia 
Clear  Lake  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  63 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  creamery,  a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  town  hall, 
and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  of  the  township,  562. 

Clear  Lake,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of 
Deuel  CO.,  S.D.,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  roller-mills.  Pop. 
147. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo..  Wis.,  in  Blaok 
Brook  township,  on  the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  common  school,  and  » 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Clear'mont,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Burlington  Junction.    It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  246. 
Clearmont,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 
Clearmont,  or  Clairmont,  Ontario.    See  BuRroBB. 


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Clear  Fond,  a  village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ten- 
nessee River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the 
river.     Here  is  Qilbertsville  Post-OflBce. 

Clear  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Clear  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  a  church. 
Clear  Spring,  a  post-oflBce  of  Clarke  co.,  Ark. 
Clear  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Owen  township,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  2  tanneries,  and  a  steam  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  about  150.     Here  is  Mooney  Post-OflBce. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  10 
iuUes  N.E.  of  Mayfield.  It  has  3  churches  and  public 
schools.     Pop.  100. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown,  and  26  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chambersburg,  Pa.  It  has  7  churches  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  725. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  ^Dillsburg. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex.,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Seguin. 

Clear'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Monroe  township,  44  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  church 
organizations.     Pop.  100. 

Clear'ville,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Clear  Creek,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Bothwell.     Pop.  150. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-office  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Ninnescah,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Wichita.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  400. 

Clear  Water,  a  post- hamlet  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich., 
on  Rapid  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kalkaska. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Clearwater  River,  3  miles  from  Clear  Lake  Station,  and 
about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  partly  in 
Clearwater  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Mississippi  and  contains  several  lakes.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  &c.     Pop.  of  township,  603. 

Clear  Water  Harbor,  an  incorporated  post-village 
of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  90  miles 
S.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has  4  churches,  a  public  school,  and 
a  newspaper  office. 

Clear'water  River,  Idaho,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
called  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  on  the  west 
border  of  Shoshone  co.  It  runs  westward,  and  enters  the 
Snake  or  Lewis  River  at  Lewiston.  The  North  Fork  rises 
among  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  and  irrigates  Shoshone 
CO.,  in  which  rich  gold-mines  have  been  opened.  The  South 
Fork  rises  in  Idaho  co.,  and  runs  northwestward  through  a 
mountainous  region.  The  entire  length  of  the  river,  in- 
cluding one  fork,  is  about  200  miles. 

Clearwater  River,  Minnesota,  runs  N.W.  in  Polk  co., 
and  enters  Red  Lake  River.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Clearwater  River,  Minnesota,  a  small  river  or  creek, 
which  runs  northeastward,  drains  parts  of  Meeker  and 
Stearns  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  north 
extremity  of  Wright  co.  About  10  miles  from  its  mouth  it 
expands  into  a  lake,  which  is  called  Clearwater  and  is 
nearly  5  miles  long. 

Clear'water  (Little  Athabasca,  or  Washacnm- 
mov)  River,  in  British  North  America,  lat.  56°  30'  N., 
Ion.  110°  W.,  flows  from  the  hills  near  Lake  Methye  to  the 
river  Athabasca.  It  is  navigable  for  boats,  and  flows  in  a 
picturesque  region. 

Clea'tor,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  3  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Whitehaven,  with  iron-mines.    Pop.  5529. 

Cleaveland,  New  York  and  Ohio.    See  Cleveland. 

Cleave'land,  or  Cleve'land,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
Georgia  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dalton  Branch,  29 
miles  E.  by  N.  from  Chattanooga,  and  83  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Knoxville.  It  has  6  churches  (besides  3  colored),  2  news- 
paper offices,  2  banks,  a  female  institute,  a  pump-factory, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2863. 

Cleaveland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleveland  oo., 
N.C.,  on  Knob  Creek,  12  miles  N.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a 
ehuroh  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cle'burne,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  546  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and 
Talleyg  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forest.<<.     The  soil 


in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cotton,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Divisions  of  the  Richmond 
A  Danville  Railroad  pass  through  this  county.  Capital 
Edwardsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8017:  in  1880,  10,976;  in 
1890,  13,218.  ' 

Clebnrne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co.,  Ark.,  about  2 
miles  E.  of  Vanndale  Railroad  Station. 

Cleburne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  Texas, 
about  155  miles  N.  of  Austin,  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3278. 

Cleckheaton,  klfik'e-tpn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  8i  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Leeds,  is  well 
built,  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  worsted.  Cards  and  other  machinery  are  also 
made,  and  the  iron-founding  trade  is  important.  Pop.  6583. 
C16cy,  kli^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  near  the 
Orne,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Falaise.  Pop.  2147.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lace  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Cl^den-Cap-Sizun,  kli*d6N°'-kap-see'zfiNo',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Finistcre,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Quimper.   Pop.  184. 

C16den-Poher,  kl4M6N»'-po^aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Finistcre,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quimper.    Pop.  2360. 

Cleek's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Clee'thorpe- with-Thruns'coe,  a  township  of 
England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  parish  of  Clee,  on  the  coast,  with 
terminal  station  on  a  railway,  2i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Great 
Grimsby.     It  is  frequented  for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  1768. 

Cleeve-Bishop's,  or  Bishop's  Cleeve,  a  village 
of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  3^  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Cheltenham.     Pop.  of  parish,  2066. 

Cleeve-Pri'or,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Evesham. 

Cleg'horn,  a  station  on  the  North  &  South  Railroad  of 
Georgia,  7  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

C16gu6rec,  kli'giVik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
han,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  3336. 

Clem'ansville,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis. 

Clement,  Clinton  co..  111.     See  Huey. 

Clem'enton,  or  Clem'anton,  a  village  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Clem'ents,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
public  school.     Pop.  333. 

Clements,  a  post-village  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Strong  City.     It  has  a  public  school. 

Clement's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  oo., 
Ala.,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tuscaloosa.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Clem'entsport,  or  Moose  River,  a  post-village  in 
Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Annapolis  Basin,  at  the 
mouth  of  Moose  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis.  It  has 
several  hotels,  churches,  stores,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  300. 

Clem'ent's  Still,  a  station  in  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Clem'entsvale,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  from  Annapolis.     Pop.  about  500. 

Clem'entsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn., 
about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow,  Ky,     It  has  a  church. 

Clements  West,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Deep  Brook. 

Clem'monsville,  a  post- village  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C., 
in  Clemmonsville  township,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Yadkin  River, 
and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  tannery.     Pop.  215 ;  of  the  township,  978. 

Clem's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Clem'town,  a  small  village  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
5  miles  from  Philippi.  It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
2  churches. 

Clen^den'in,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Clen'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitman  co.,  Washington, 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

Cleobury-Mortimer,  klo'b^r-re-mor't^-m^r,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Lud- 
low.    Pop.  of  parish,  1708. 

Cle'on,  a  post-township  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  S5. 

Cleon,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  94. 

Cle'ona,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Cleo'na,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  870. 

Cleopatra,  Mercer  co..  Mo.    See  Somerset. 

Cleopatris,  the  ancient  name  of  Suez. 

Cleo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Colorado. 

Clercken,  klSnk'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Wert 
Flanders,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3200. 

Clferes,  klaiK,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  779. 

Clerff,  kliRf,  or  Clervaux,  kl^RVo',  a  village,  grand 
duchy  and  33  miles  N.  of  Luxemburg.    Pop.  640. 


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Cler'ihan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Clonmel. 

Clerke  Island,  in  thci  Pacific.    See  Narcissus. 

Cler'kenwell,  a  large  district  and  out-parish  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  city  of  London,  co.  of  Middlesex,  1  mile  N.  of 
St.  Paul's.  It  has  a  session-house,  prison,  water- works,  Ac. 
"  St.  John's  Gate"  is  the  only  remnant  of  an  ancient  priory 
which  stood  in  that  locality.    Pop.  65,380. 

Clermont,  klfiR^mipjo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  on 
the  route  between  Paris  and  Amiens,  16  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Beauvais.  Pop.  5743.  It  has  a  college  and  a  library  of 
10,000  volumes.     Its  old  castle  is  now  a  prison. 

Cler'mont,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  border- 
ing on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  496  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  partly 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Little  Miami  River.  The  greater 
part  of  it  is  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami, 
which  fork  runs  in  a  very  tortuous  channel.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  beech,  buckeye,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  &c. ; 
the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  com,  hay,  oats,  tobacco, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Blue  limestone 
(Lower  Silurian)  underlies  nearly  all  this  county.  It  is  a 
good  material  for  building.  The  county  is  connected  with 
Cincinnati  by  the  Little  Miami,  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  and 
Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroads.  Capital,  Batavia.  Pop. 
in  1870,  34,268;  in  1880,  36,713;  in  1890,  35,553. 

Clermont,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Lake  co., 
Fla.,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Tavares,  It  is  in  a 
tomato-growing  section,  and  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill, 

d  a  crate-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Clermont,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
rail  N.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  3  churches. 

Clermont,   a  post-village  of  Fayette   co.,   Iowa,  on 

rkey  River,  89  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  14 
liles  E.N.E.  of  West  Union.     It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 

gon-works,  flour-mills,  brick-  and  tile-works,  a  graded 
ihool,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  488. 

Clermont,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  about 

miles  S.  of  Hudson,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson 
liver.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  937. 

Cler^mont',  a  post-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 

cKean  <fc  Buffalo  Railroad,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Smeth- 

t.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  coal-mines. 

Clermont-de-l'H6rault,  kl4R'm6N»'-d^h-li^r5',  or 

lermont-de-liod^ve,  klfiR^miN»'-d§h-loMiv',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  H6rault,  23  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Montpellier.  Pop.  5685.  It  has  manufactories  of  coarse 
woollens,  trade  in  rural  produce,  a  communal  college,  a 
savings-bank,  and  a  chamber  of  commerce. 

Clermont- en- Argonne,  klfiR^m6N»'-5N-aR^gonn',  a 
iwn  of  France,  department  of  Mouse,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
erdun.     Pop.  1157. 

Clermont-Ferrand,  klSR^m6No'-f4R^R6N»'  (anc.  Au- 
^  stonem'etum),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  Puy-de-D8me, 
at  a  railway  junction,  250  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
50,1 19.  It  has  a  university,  a  college,  a  school  of  medicine, 
a  library  of  35,000  volumes,  an  academy,  a  normal  school, 
a  botanic  garden,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  and  a  school 
of  design.  It  is  composed  of  two  towns,  Clermont  and 
Mont-Fermnd,  formerly  separate,  united  by  a  fine  prom- 
enade. Being  situated  near  the  Puy-de-D6me,  it  is  sur- 
rounded by  volcanic  formations  of  the  most  varied  aspect. 
Chief  edifices,  the  Gothic  cathedral  and  the  church  of  Notre 
Dame.  In  one  of  its  suburbs  is  the  fountain  of  St.  Alyne, 
the  incrustations  of  which  have  formed  a  curious  natural 
bridge.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics, 
hosiery,  paper,  and  cutlery ;  and  it  is  the  entrep8t  for  com- 
merce between  Bordeaux  and  Lyons.  Anterior  to  the 
Roman  conquest,  Clermont  was  called  Nemetum,  and,  in 
the  reign  of  Augustus,  Augusto-Nemetum.  It  became  the 
capital  of  the  Arverni  after  the  destruction  of  Gergovia, 
the  ancient  capital,  which  seems  to  have  occupied  a  hill  4^ 
miles  from  Clermont.  Christianity  was  established  here, 
and  a  bishopric  founded,  about  the  year  250.  The  city  had 
become  very  considerable  under  the  Romans,  and,  a.d.  507, 
it  was  taken  by  Thierry  and  united  to  the  crown  of  France. 
In  A.D.  761  it  was  sacked  by  Pepin.  The  great  council  in 
which  the  Crusades  originated  was  held  here  in  1095,  con- 
voked by  Pope  Urban  II.  In  1556,  Clermont  was  declared 
the  capital  of  Auvergne. 

Cler'mont  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Baltimore. 

Clermontois,  kl4R^m6N»Hwi',  a  small  district  of 
France,  in  the  old  province  of  Lorraine,  of  which  the  capi- 
tal was  Clermont-en-Argonne.  It  is  now  comprised  in  the 
department  of  the  Mouse. 


Clermont- Tonnerre,  kler'mont'-ton'nair'  (Fr.pron. 
kllR^m6ii°'-ton^naiR'),  or  Natupe,  n&-too'pi,  an  island  of 
the  Pacific,  Low  Island  group,  in  lat.  18°  32'  49"  8.,  Ion. 
136°  21'  12"  W.  Length,  10  miles,  by  li  milea  aoroaa. 
Surface  low.     It  encloses  a  large  lake. 

Cler'montville,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  28  miles  abore 
Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Large 
quantities  of  tobacco,  grain,  and  pork  are  shipped  here. 

Clerval,  kIdRV&l',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Doubs,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Besan9on,  on  the  Doubs.     P.  1346 

Clervanx,  a  village  of  Luxemburg.     See  Clerff. 

C16ry,  kliVee'  (anc.  Clariacumf),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  2800. 

Cles,  klfis,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  19  miles  N.  by  W- 
of  Trent,  on  the  Noce.  It  is  commanded  by  a  castle,  and 
possesses  a  Franciscan  convent,  with  a  library.     Pop.  2293. 

Cle'to  Creek,  of  Texa«,  flows  into  the  San  Antonio 
from  the  N.  in  Goliad  co. 

Cleveland,  kleev'land,  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
Australia.     It  is  about  20  miles  in  width  at  the  entrance. 

Cleveland,  a  fertile  district  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  celebrated  for  its  horses,  its  iron-mines,  and 
its  iron-works. 

Cleveland,  kleev'land,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Shelby.  Pop.  in  1870,12,696; 
in  1880,  16,571;  in  1890,  20,394. 

Cleveland,  a  post-ofiice  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Cleveland,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Conway  co..  Ark.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Morrillton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college,  saw- 
and  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Cleveland,  or  Mount  Yo'nah,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  White  CO.,  Ga.,  76  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  common  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a 
wagon-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  in  Hanna 
township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island 
&,  St.  Louis  Railroad,!  5  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  a 
church,  4  stores,  and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Cleveland,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.    Pop  549. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  28  miles 
E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  bell-foundry. 

Cleveland,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2041. 

Cleveland,  a  village  of  Jackson  township,  Lucas  co., 
Iowa,  about  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  public  school.  Mail,  Lucas.  Pop.  in  1890, 
807. 

Cleveland,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky. 

Cleveland,  a  township  of  Leelenaw  co.,  Mich.     P.  413. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Cleveland  township,  8  miles  E.  of  St.  Peter,  and  about  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches  and  several 
stores.  The  township  has  several  fine  lakes  and  a  rich  soil 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1154. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Con- 
stantia  township,  on  the  northern  shore  of  Oneida  Lake, 
and  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oswego,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  retreat  for  nuns,  2  window-glass-factories, 
a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Poo.  895. 

Cleveland,  a  port  of  entry,  the  second  city  of  Ohio,  and 
the  county  seat  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  is  delightfully  situated  on 
the  south  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cuyahoga 
River,  which  flows  through  the  city,  affording  a  fine  shel- 
tered harbor,  to  which  has  been  added  a  commodious  ship- 
channel,  200  feet  wide,  flanked  by  two  piers  extending  1200 
feet  into  the  lake.  A  harbor  of  refuge,  commenced  in  1878, 
is  also  in  course  of  construction  by  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  extending  from  a  point  northerly  from  the 
west  pier  and  running  west  by  south  to  the  lake  shore. 
The  work  is  under  the  supervision  of  an  army  engineer, 
and  is  estimated  to  cost  about  $1,800,000.  Cleveland  is 
also  connected  by  canal  with  the  Ohio  River  at  Portsmouth, 
and,  in  addition  to  its  superior  water  avenues,  it  is  the 
centre  of  an  important  system  of  railroads,  branching  out  in 
all  directions.  It  is  138  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Columbus, 
113  miles  E.  of  Toledo,  150  miles  N.W,  of  Pittsburg,  Pa., 
and  183  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.  Lat.  41®  30'  5"  N. ;  Ion. 
81°  42'  6"  W.    Two  viaducts  of  stone  and  iron— one  3211 


0L£ 


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feet  in  length,  completed  in  1879,  at  a  cost  of  $2,126,000,  and 
having  a  draw  332  feet  longj  and  the  other  3931  feet  long, 
completed  in  1888,  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,000,000,  with  a  draw 
of  239  feet — extend  across  the  gulf  which  cuts  the  city  in 
two,  and  are  among  the  finest  and  most  costly  works  of  the 
kind  in  the  country.  There  is  a  regular  line  of  steamers 
daily,  running  to  Detroit  and  Buffalo,  there  connecting 
with  diverging  railroads;  also  daily  packet  lines  to  all 
upper  lake  ports.  Within  the  city  suburbs  there  are  185 
miles  of  electric  railroads.  During  the  year  1894  the 
foreign  imports  of  Cleveland  amounted  to  $1,050,818,  the 
chief  articles  being  roof-gravel,  fish,  lumber,  salt,  and  mer- 
chandise. The  aggregate  value  of  exports  was  $728,487, 
consisting  for  the  most  part  of  bituminous  coal,  flour,  iron 
manufactures,  and  timber.  The  lake  commerce  for  1894  at 
Cleveland  amounted  to  $40,002,143.  Cleveland  has  now 
more  than  3100  manufacturing  establishments,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  exceeding  $92,000,000.  The  manufacture 
of  iron  is  the  largest  interest,  and  the  second  is  the  refining 
of  oil,  the  product  of  the  latter  amounting  to  many  millions 
of  dollars  per  annum.  Of  lumber  and  other  forest  products 
the  receipts  during  the  year  of  1894,  by  lake  and  rail, 
amounted  to  370,580,000  feet,  valued  at  $10,376,240. 

Cleveland  has  eleven  national  banks,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  and  surplus  of  $11,608,950  ;  26  savings-banks,  with 
a  combined  capital  and  surplus  of  $9,827,023.98,  one  of  the 
number  averaging  over  $22,000,000  in  deposits.  There  are 
2  daily  papers  which  publish  morning  and  evening  editions, 
besides  2  other  English  and  2  German  dailies,  and  more 
than  100  weekly  and  monthly  papers  and  periodicals.  The 
streets  are  of  unusual  width,  well  paved  and  well  lighted. 
There  are  numerous  parks  within  the  city,  and  two  sub- 
urban parks,  each  of  several  hundred  acres,  now  being  con- 
nected by  boulevards.  The  buildings  of  a  more  or  less 
public  character  include  the  government  building  (which 
serves  for  the  custom-house,  post-ofiice,  and  court-house), 
the  county  court-house,  and  the  city  hall ;  the  house  of  cor- 
rection and  workhouse,  a  large,  imposing  structure,  which 
cost  upward  of  $170,000  ;  jseveral  admirable  hospitals  and 
asylums,  including  a  United  States  marine  hospital ;  and  a 
number  of  fine  library  buildings,  well  supplied  with  excel- 
lent libraries.  In  addition  to  these,  the  buildings  of  the 
Case  School  of  Applied  Science,  Adelbert  College,  and  the 
University  School  are  notable  structures,  while  in  imposing 
ousiness  blocks  the  city  is  well  supplied.  It  has  two  mili- 
tary armories  of  rich  design.  The  Public  School  Library 
has  a  building  of  its  own,  and  contains  90,000  volumes. 
Other  educational  institutions  are  the  Cleveland  Medical 
College,  the  Cleveland  Homoeopathic  College,  and  the  medi- 
cal department  of  the  VVooster  University,  and  a  well- 
organized,  well-equipped,  and  well-conducted  public  school 
system,  with  many  large  and  handsome  houses.  The  num- 
ber of  churches  is  about  200,  and  many  of  their  edifices 
are  commodious  and  costly.  The  city  is  divided  into  42 
wards,  and  the  government  vests  in  a  mayor  and  common 
council,  with  civil  and  criminal  courts,  boards  of  education 
and  health,  and  other  necessary  municipal  administrative 
boards.  It  was  named  in  honor  of  General  Moses  Cleveland 
(by  whom  it  was  laid  out  in  1796),  and  was  incorporated  as 
a  village  in  1814,  and  as  a  city  in  1836.  Its  growth  has 
been  rapid,  and  during  the  decade  1880  to  1890  its  percent- 
age of  increase  was  not  equalled  by  any  city  east  of  Chicago. 
It  is  the  largest  ship-building  port  in  America,  and  a  leader 
in  no  less  than  twenty  industries.  Its  area  is  32  square 
miles.  Its  population  in  1810  was  but  57  ;  in  1820, 150 ;  in 
1830,  1035 ;  in  1840,  6071 :  in  1850,  17,034 ;  in  1860,  43,41 7  ; 
in  1870,  92,820;  in  1880,  160,146;  and  in  1890  (U.  S.  cen- 
sus), 261,353.  The  present  population,  based  on  census 
and  directory  returns  of  1880  and  1890,  is  330,000. 

Cleveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Umpqua  River,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Roseburg.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Cleveland,  Tenn.     See  Cleaveland. 

Cleveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Klickitat  co.,  Washington, 
24  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Goldendale.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Cleveland  Mine,  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  is  a  rich  iron- 
mine  at  Ishpeming. 

Cle'versbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Cleversburg  Junction.     It  has  3  churches. 

Cleves,  kleevz  (Ger.  Kleve,  kli'v§h;  Fr.  Olives,  klaiv  ; 
L.  Cli'via),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  formerly  capital  of 
the  duchy  of  Cleves,  near  the  Rhine  and  the  Netherlands 
frontier,  at  a  railway  junction,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Wesel.  It 
has  a  castle,  now  used  as  a  house  of  correction,  a  town  hall, 
a  statue  of  Prince  Maurice  of  Nassau,  and  manufactories 
of  silk  and  woollen  fabrics,  hats,  leather,  Ao.    Pop,  9233. 


Cleves,  kleevz,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  4  churches. 

Clew  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  is  an  inlet  of  the  At 
lantic.  Lat.  53°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  50'  W.  It  extends  inlana 
for  about  15  miles,  with  a  nearly  uniform  breadth  of  8  miles. 
Along  its  shores  are  the  towns  of  Newport,  Westport,  and 
Louisburgh.  At  its  upper  end  is  an  archipelago  of  about 
300  fertile  islets ;  and  opposite  its  entrance  is  Clare  Island. 

Cley  (klee)  near  the  Sea,  a  small  seaport  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Norfolk,  on  an  estuary,  |  mile  from  the  North 
Sea,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  custom- 
house, and  a  trade  in  corn,  flour,  and  coal,  and  some  fisheries. 
It  was  here  that  Prince  James,  afterwards  James  I.  of 
Scotland,  driven  in  by  stress  of  weather,  was  detained  by 
the  inhabitants ;  he  was  thereafter  kept  a  prisoner  by  Henry 
IV.  for  17  years.     Pop.  of  parish,  764. 

Clichy,  or  Clichy-la-Garenue,  klee^shee'-l&-g&^. 
renn',  a  northern  suburb  of  Paris,  the  seat  of  machine-shops, 
glass-works,  and  other  industrial  establishments.  P.  17,354. 

Clietts'  (kleets)  Depot,  a  village  in  Macon  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tuskegee  Branch  of  the  Western  Railroad.  In  the 
vicinity  are  5  churches.  The  place  is  surrounded  by  noble 
forests  of  pine. 

Clirden,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  43  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Galway,  on  an  inlet  of  Ardbear  harbor.  It  has  a  Gothic 
church,  a  bridewell,  a  workhouse,  a  custom-house,  and  a 
harbor  admitting  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden.     Pop.  1313. 

Clifden,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny. 

Cliff,  a  post-office  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  at  Brickey's  Landing. 

ClifTland,  a  station  in  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Ke- 
okuk &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Cliff  of  Barath,  England.     See  Saint  Bees  Head. 

Clifford,  klif'prd,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Shelbyville. 
6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  175. 

Clifford,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Clifford,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Bedford  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.     It  has  a  church. 

Clifford,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Flint.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  306. 

Clifford,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Scran  ton,  is  intersected  oy  the  JeflFerson  Branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad.  Elk  Mountain,  on  the  E.  border  of 
this  township,  is  nearly  2200  feet  high.     Pop.  1532. 

Clifford,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clifi'ord  township,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Clifford,  a  post- village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  oa 
the  Red  River,  56  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Guelph.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  3  hotels,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  woollen 
factories,  an  iron-foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  650. 

CliiPs,  a  station  in  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Bedford  to  Mt.  Dallas,  3  miles  E.  of  Bedford. 

Cliff'wood,  a  station  on  the  Long  Branch  division  oi 
the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Perth 
Amboy,  N.J. 

Clifton,  a  western  suburb  of  Bristol,  England,  in 
Gloucestershire,  on  the  Avon,  opposite  New  Clifton,  to 
which  a  fine  suspension-bridge  extends.  Here  is  Clifton 
College,  a  large  institution,  also  a  fine-art  academy  and 
some  remarkable  churches.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see. 
The  warm  springs  were  once  famous.  Clifton  is  a  part  of 
the  municipality  of  Bristol.     Pop.  26,364. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
bama River,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.    It  has  a  church. 

Clifton,  a  post- village  of  Graham  co.,  Arizona,  31  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Duncan.  It  has  a  church  and  large 
copper-mines.     Pop.  600. 

Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ark.,  about  28  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Helena. 

Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Franklin  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Clifton,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A 
Danville  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  III.,  in  Chebanse 
township,  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  69  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago.  Here  are  sev- 
eral artesian  wells.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  public  graded 
schools.     Pop.  in  1890.  474. 

Clilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in  Browns- 
ville township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Liberty. 

Clifton,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Muscatine.     Pop.  200. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  is 
in  Clifton  township,  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Unioa 


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Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clay  Centre,  and  21 
miles  E.  of  Concordia.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1349. 

Clifton^  a  pcst-township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ky.,  situated 
E.  of  Louisville,  near  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  135. 

CliftoU)  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  general  store,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber.     Pop.  348. 

CliftoU)  a  post-o£5ce  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 
Clifton^  a  locality  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  within  the 
city  limits  of  Baltimore.     Clifton  is  the  seat  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins University. 

CliftoU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Swampscott  &  Marblehead  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maii)c 
Railroad,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Marblehead,  and  15 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 

CliuOD)  Cooper  co..  Mo.  See  Clifton  City. 
Clifton,  or  Clifton  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Randolph 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  several  general  stores.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Clifton  Hill. 

Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.,  about  5 
i      miles  E.  of  Queen  City. 

Clifton,  a  post-office  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  about  56 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
I  Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J,,  in  Aquack- 

anonk  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Boonton  Branch 
I  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
Newark  &  Paterson  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Paterson,  and 
i  13  miles  N.  W.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills, 
I^Kflouring-mill,  and  a  bee-hive  factory.  Pop.  about  500. 
IV  Clifton,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 
■  HLClifton,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Chili 
I  ^Ewnship,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a 
P  Bfour-mill,  a  union  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
Implements. 

Clifton,  a  village  on  Staten  Island,  in  Southfield  town- 
ship, Richmond  co.,  N.Y.  Here  are  an  asylum  for  seamen's 
families,  and  a  Sailors'  Retreat ;  also  a  Catholic  academy  and 
orphanage. 

Clifton,  a  township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  has  iron- 

» mines  and  furnaces,  and  contains  Clarksborough.  Pop.  3044. 
L  Clifton,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Miami  town- 
Rip,  on  the  Little  Miami,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It 
Ki8  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  253. 
I  Clifton,  near  Cincinnati,  0.,  has  a  Catholic  academy, 
i  Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Columbia  River,  22  miles  above  Astoria.  Here  is  a  large 
cannery  for  salmon. 

Clifton,  Carbon  co.,  Pa.     See  Buck  MonNTAiN. 
Clifton,  Delaware  co..  Pa.     See  Clifton  Heights. 
Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  in  Clifton 
township,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Clifton,  a  post-town  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2639. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  92  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville,  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  an  iron-foundry,  a  plough-factory, 

R tannery,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Clifton,  a  port-village  of  Bosque  oo.,  Tex.,  33  miles 
.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clifton,  a  village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  or  near 
the  Ohio  River,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  nail-factory,  and  several  fur- 
naces for  salt.     Pop.  693.    See  also  Paint  Creek. 

Clifton,  a  hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin 
River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.    ' 

Clifton,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.  Pop.  999.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Annaton  and  New  California. 

Clifton,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  about  44 
miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.     Pop.  789. 

Clifton,  a  township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  St. 
Croix.     Pop.  712.     It  contains  Clifton  Mills. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  17  miles  E.  of  Bathurst.  It 
contains  3  stores.     Grindstones  are  made  here.     Pop.  200. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick,  on 
Kennebacoasis  Bay,  5  miles  from  Rothsay.  It  has  several 
ship-yards.     Pop.  250. 

Clifton,  a  small  village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Shubenacadie  River,  11  miles 
from  Truro.     It  has  a  good  ship-building  trade.     Pop.  130. 

Clifton,  a  settlement  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
Si  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Clifton,  or  Suspension  Bridge,  a  town  in  Welland 


CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Niagara  River,  43 
miles  from  Hamilton,  and  about  2  miles  below  the  great 
cataract,  of  which  it  commands  a  magnificent  view.  At  thii 
point  the  Railroad  Suspension  Bridge  crosses  the  river,  to 
connect  the  Great  Western  Railway  of  Canada  with  the  rail- 
ways of  New  York.  (See  Suspension  Bhidge,  N.Y.)  Clifton 
is  a  port  of  entry.  It  contains  a  museum,  several  churches, 
hotels,  and  stores,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.     Pop.  1610. 

Clifton,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Campbellton. 

Clifton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Sedalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Clif'tondale,  a  post- village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Sau- 
gus  township,  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  chapel  and  manufac- 
tures of  cigars  and  snufi'. 

Clifton  Forge,  a  post-town  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  White 
Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  woollen-mills,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  iron. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1792. 

Clifton  Heights,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
in  Upper  Darby  township,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadel- 
phia Railroad,  at  Clifton  Station,  7  miles  S.W.  of  West 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  several  cotton-mills. 

Clifton  Hill,  Randolph  co..  Mo.     See  Clifton. 

Clifton  Mills,  a  village  of  Miller  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Clifton  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Hardinsburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  college. 

Clifton  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Clifton  Park,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  ir 
Clifton  Park  and  Half-Moon  townships,  15  miles  N.  of  Al 
bany.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  brewery,  <fec.  CliftO! 
Park  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mohawk  River. 
It  contains  villages  named  Crescent  and  Jonesville.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2505. 

Clifton  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  CansMidaigua,  and  39  miles  S.E.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments. Here  are  medicinal  springs,  and  a  sanitarium, 
or  water-cure.  The  water  contains  sulphates  and  carbo- 
nates of  lime  and  of  magnesia.     Pop.  in  1890,  1297. 

Clifton  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Clif'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  9  miles 
from  Brookville  Station.     It  has  3  stores  and  a  steam-mill. 

Clif'ty,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ark. 

Clifty,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1133. 

Clifty,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     See  Milford. 

Clifty,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  19  miles  S.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Clifty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Hawk's  Nest  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Clifty  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  S.  into  Sipsey  River, 
in  Walker  co. 

Clifty  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Rush  co.,  and,  flow- 
ing S.W.  about  50  miles,  enters  the  Driftwood  Fork  of  White 
River  3  miles  below  Columbus. 

Clifty  Creek,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  flows 
through  the  S.E.  part  of  Muhlenburg  co.  into  Muddy  Creek. 

Clifty  Creek,  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Ind.,  falls  into  the  Ohio 
1  mile  below  Madison.  , 

Cli'max,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Bainbridge.     Station,  Bainbridge  Junction. 

Climax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  in 
West  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Emerson  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Climax,  a  post-village  of  Greenwood  oo.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Eureka. 

Climax,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cli- 
max township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  flour-  and  lumber-mills,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
in  1890,  369;  of  the  township,  1476. 

Climbing  (klim'ing)  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury 
CO.,  Iowa. 

Clinch,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Allapaha  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  not  rich.  It 
produces  some  Indian  corn,  cotton,  «kc.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad.  Capital,  Homer- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  3945 ;  in  1880,  4138 ;  in  1890,  6652. 


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Clinch)  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn.,  about  2 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Sneedville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Clinch  Mountain,  a  long  mountain-ridge  of  Virginia 
and  East  Tennessee,  extends  between  the  Clinch  River  and 
the  Holston.  The  valley  of  the  Clinch  River  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  this  ridge. 

Clinch'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co,,  Va.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Gate  City.     Pop.  100. 

Clinch  River,  rises  in  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Russell  and  Scott  cos.,  and  enters  East 
Tennessee.  It  subsequently  flows  in  a  W.S.W.  direction, 
and  unites  with  the  Holston  River  at  Kingston,  in  Roane 
00.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the  Tennessee 
River.  The  Clinch  is  about  300  miles  long.  Half  of  it  is 
in  the  state  of  Tennessee.  The  upper  part  of  its  valley  is 
bounded  by  long  ridges  called  Clinch  and  Powell  Mountains. 

Clinch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  or  near  the  Clinch  River. 

Clinch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
river  of  the  same  name,  1 5  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Gate  City. 

Clines,  klinz,  township,  Catawba  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1904. 

Cline's  Mill,  a  station  in  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Cling'man's  Peak,  North  Carolina,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Black  Mountains,  in  Yancey  co.  Thomas  Clingman  com- 
puted its  altitude  to  be  6941  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
According  to  the  measurement  of  Prof.  Guyot,  it  is  6660 
feet  high. 

Clin'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  494  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kaskaskia  River  and  Shoal  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  prairies  of  this  county  are 
more  extensive  than  the  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  beds  of  coal  and 
good  limestone.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  and  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
roads, the  former  passing  through  Carlyle,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,285;  in  1880,  18,714;  in  1890,  17,411. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Middle  Fork  and  South  Fork  of  Wildcat  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  good  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western,  the  Louisville, 
New  Albany  &  Chicago,  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis, 
and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  <k  Kansas  City  Railroads,  ail  of 
which  centre  at  Frankfort,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,330;  in  1880,  23,472;  in  1890,  27,370. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River, 
which  also  intersects  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
prairies  of  this  county  are  more  extensive  than  the  wood- 
land. Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  hickory,  maple, 
white  oak,  and  black  walnut.  Corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  but- 
ter, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
&  Northern,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
roads, all  of  which  communicate  with  Clinton,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,357  ;  in  1880,  36,763  ;  in 
1890,  41,199. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  220  square  miles.  The  Cumberland  River 
flows  along  or  near  its  northern  border.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  and  iron  are  found  here.  Capital,  Albany. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6497;  in  1880,  7212;  in  1890,  7047. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Maple 
and  Looking  Glass  Rivers,  affluents  of  Grand  River,  which 
traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
ash,  beech,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  and  Jackson,  Lansing  <fc  Saginaw 
Railroads.  Capital,  St.  John's.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,845;  in 
1880,  28,100;  in  1890,  26,509. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small 
affluents  of  the  Missouri  and  Platte  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater 
portion  of  it  is  prairie.     Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  pork,  and 


grass  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  and  sandstone 
are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Han> 
nibal  <t  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroads.  Capital,  Plattsburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,063 ;  in 
1880,  16,073;  in  1890,  17,138. 

,  Clinton,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  New 
York,  bordering  on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  995  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Au  Sable  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Chazy 
and  Saranac  Rivers.  The  S.W.  part  of  this  county  is  moun- 
tainous. The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is  fertile,  and 
a  large  part  of  the  highlands  is  covered  with  forests.  Lum- 
ber, oats,  potatoes,  butter,  and  hay  are  the  chief  productions 
of  the  county,  which  has  also  valuable  iron-mines  and  nu- 
merous furnaces  and  bloomeries.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  York  &  Canada  Railroad  and  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad.  Granite  and  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lie part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Plattsburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
47,947;  in  1880,  50,897;  in  1890,  46,437. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  384  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  East  Fork 
of  Little  Miami  River,  Anderson's  Fork,  and  CaBsar's  and 
Todd's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  white  ash,  sugar- 
maple,  white  oak,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Blue  lime- 
stone (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  here.  Niagara  limestone 
underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley,  the  Columbus  & 
Cincinnati  Midland,  and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Southwestern 
Railroads,  the  former  two  communicating  with  Wilmington, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,914;  in  1880,  24,756;  in 
1890,  24,240, 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  N,  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Sinnemahoning  River  and  by  Bald  Eagle 
and  Kettle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  valleys 
and  high  ridges  or  hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  Ac,  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  soil  of  the  valleys,  based  on  lime- 
stone, is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass. 
Coal  and  iron  are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  terminates  at  Lock  Haven,  the  cap- 
ital. Pop,  in  1870,  23,211;  in  1880,  26,278;  in  1890, 
28,685. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co,,  Ala.,  8  miles 
N,W.  of  Eutaw,  and  about  36  miles  S,W,  of  Tuscaloosa 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co..  Ark. 
on  Little  Red  River,  about  65  miles  N,  by  W.  from  Little 
Rock.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-  and  grist- 
mill, and  an  academy.     Pop.  176. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on  Long 
Island  Sound,  in  Clinton  township,  and  on  the  Shore  Line 
Railroad,  23  miles  E,  of  New  Haven,  It  has  several  churches, 
a  national  bank,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1404. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  about 
80  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  362. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.  Pop.  1004. 
It  contains  Waterman's  Station. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.,  on 
Salt  Creek,  on  the  Gilman,  Clinton  A  Springfield  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  In- 
dianapolis, Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 
of  Decatur,  22  miles  S.  of  Bloomington,  and  43  miles  E.N.E, 
of  Springfield.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school 
with  a  building  which  cost  $75,000,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2598. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1220.  It 
contains  Elizaville. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop,  1021.  It 
contains  Montez. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Decatur  co,,  Ind.  Pop.  828. 
It  contains  Williamstown. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2099 
It  contains  Millersburjj. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  797. 
It  contii.ins  Wanatah  and  Haskell, 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1036. 
It  contains  Morton. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  in  Clinton  township,  and 
on  the  Chicago  A  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  13  miles 
N,  of  Terre  Haute,  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  and  2  bridges 


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over  the  river.    Several  c&al-mines  have  been  opened  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1365 ;  of  the  township,  .■^609. 

ClintoU)  a  oity,  capital  of  Clinton  cc,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  Kiver,  about  40  miles  above  Davenport,  and  on 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
A  Northern,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  liuil- 
roads.     It  is  138  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  81  miles  E.  of 
Cedar  Rapids.     The  river  is  here  crossed  by  a  noble  iron 
railroad  bridge,  about  4000  feet  long,  and  by  a  wagon  and 
foot  bridge,  which  connect  Clinton  with  Fulton,  in  Illinois. 
Clinton  has  numerous  extensive  saw-mills,  wagon-works, 
bridge-works,  furniture-factories,  a  paper-mill,  several  foun- 
dries, a  chair-factory,  and  shops  for  the  repair  of  locomo- 
tives.    It  contains  15  churches,  3  national  banks,  3  other 
blinks,  a  high-school,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.     This  town  has  increased 
rapidly  in  the  last  decade.     Lumber  and  vehicles  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.     The  value  of  the  lumber  sawed 
in  Clinton  co.  in  1891  was  $3,000,000.    Pop.  in  1890, 13,619. 
Clinton^  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  552. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1042. 
■^  Clinton,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  469. 
B   Clinton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  679. 
V^L  Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  in  Clin- 
^^BD  township,  on  the  Wakarusa  River,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
[He  Lawrence.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.    Clinton 
Station,  near  the  village,  is  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  A 
Western  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  968. 
[B^  Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky., 
Hb  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fulton.     It  has  7  churches,  2  col- 
^^Kges,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
^■nd  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  in  1890, 1347.    See  Clinton  Station. 
I^B  Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  East  Feliciana  parish, 
^[i8.,  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baton  Rouge.    It  is  a  terminus  of 
the  Clinton  Branch  of  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  &  Texas 
Railroad.    A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.    Clinton 
has  6  churches  and  the  Silliman  Institute  for  Young  Ladies. 
Pop.  in  1890,  974. 
^^  Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the 
^Hebasticook  River,  in  Clinton  township,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.     It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.     The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Kennebec  River,  and  has  manufactures  of 
■blmber,  sash,  flour,  <fec.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1518. 
^wClinton,  a  post-town  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
^Sfashua  River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Worcester,  45  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Boston,  and  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Fitchburg.     It  contains  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive 
manufactories  of  ginghams,   plaids,   Brussels  and  Wilton 
carpets,  combs,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  thread,  and  wire 
cloth.     The  Lancaster  Mills  of   this  town  employ  nearly 
1100  hands  in  the  manufacture  of  ginghams  and  plaids. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,424. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  is  on 
Raisin  River,  in  Clinton  township,  and  on  the  Jackson 
Branch  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Jackson,  and  18  miles  N.  by  B.  from  Adrian.  It  has 
water-power,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  5  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  sash- 
and  blind-factory.     Pop.  960 ;  of  the  township,  1490. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  4265. 
It  contains  Mount  Clemens,  the  county  seat. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  254. 
Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jack- 
son. It  is  the  seat  of  Mississippi  College  (Baptist),  which 
was  founded  in  1851,  and  of  the  Central  Female  Institute, 
and  has  4  churches. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Grand 
"^River,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia,  and  about  70  miles  S.E. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  5  banks,  10  churches,  3  newspaper 
offices,  5  cigar-factories,  2  stone-ware  factories,  2  foundries, 
6  mills,  and  2  colleges.     Pop.  4737. 

Clinton,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  32  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Hannibal. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  721. 
Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Sheridan  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Rushville.     Pop.  250. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  contiguous  to 
and  W.  of  Newark.     Pop.  2240.     It  contains  Irvington. 

Clinton,  a  post-borough  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in  a 
beautiful  limestone  valley,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Raritan  River,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  17  miles  B. 
by  S.  from  Easton,  Pa.,  1^  miles  from  Annandale  Railroad 


Station,  and  near  Landsdown  Station  on  the  Easton  A  Am- 
boy  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  2  flour-mills,  for  which  the  river  afibrda 
motive-power.     Pop.  in  1890,  1975. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about  27 
miles  N.  of  Trenton,  is  intersected  by  the  New  Jersey  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  and  is  contiguous  to  Clinton  borough.  Pop. 
2888.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  a  branch  of  the  Raritan 
River,  and  contains  the  village  of  Annandale.   . 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Canada 
line,  is  traversed  by  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad.  Pop.  2377.  It  contains  Clinton  Mills  and  Chu- 
rubusco,  and  has  beds  of  white  Potsdam  sandstone. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Duchess  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1693. 
Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Kirk- 
land  township,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  on  the  New  York,  On- 
tario A  Western  Railroad  (Utica  and  Rome  Branches),  8  or 
9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica,  and  about  40  miles  E.  of  Syra- 
cuse. It  contains  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
iron-furnaces,  and  other  manufactures.  It  is  remarkable 
for  its  educational  institutions,  viz.,  Cottage  Seminary, 
Houghton  Seminary  for  Girls,  and  Hamilton  College  (Pres- 
byterian), the  buildings  of  which  last  are  stone  and  are 
situated  on  a  hill  nearly  a  mile  from  the  village.  Hamilton 
College,  which  was  founded  in  1812,  has  16  professors  and 
instructors,  about  160  students,  and  a  library  of  35,000  vol- 
umes. Litchfield  Observatory  is  connected  with  the  college. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1269. 

Clinton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
North  and  South  Clinton  townships,  13  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Warsaw.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  an  academy, 
crate-  and  lumber-mills,  veneer-works,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  several  general  stores.  Pop.  in  1890, 839 ;  of  the  town- 
ships, 3688. 

Clinton,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati 
&  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  1800.  It 
contains  Clintonville. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  3236.  It 
contains  Wauseon,  the  county  seat. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  984,  ezclu 
sive  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  1526,  ex- 
clusive of  Tiffin. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  3591.  It 
contains  Sidney,  the  county  seat. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on- the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount 
Vernon  A  Columbus  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Akron, 
and  53  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  the 
Clinton  A  Massillon  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1724.  It 
contains  Hamden. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  intersected  by 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad.  Pop.  1502. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Shreve. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in  Find- 
ley  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1132. 

Clinton,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Centre  town- 
ship, 6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Waynesburg.  It  has  about  15 
houses. 

Clinton,  a  village  in  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  New 
Castle  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Rail 
road,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     Near  it  are  2  churches 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1315. 
It  contains  Montgomery  Station  and  Clinton  Mills. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.  Pop.  901.  It 
contains  Kennerdell  and  Clintonville. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Wayne  00.,  Pa.  Pop.  1178.  It 
contains  Aldenville, 

Clinton,  a  township  of  AVyoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  834.  It 
contains  Factoryville. 

Clinton,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad. 
39  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  Pa. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Laurens  Court-House  and  Newberry.  It  has 
2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anderson  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Clinch  River,  where  the 
Knoxville  A  Ohio  Railroad  crosses  that  stream,  20  or  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  stone  court-house,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  3  or  4  churches,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  325. 

Clinton,  a  station  of  Harris  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the  Buffalo 
Bayou  Ship  Canal,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Houston. 


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Clinton^  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Greenville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  pub- 
lic school.     Pop.  300. 

Clinton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  about 
50  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  about  7  miles  (direct) 
E.N.E.  of  Cumberland,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
ft  general  store. 

ClintOD)  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  W,  Va.,  about  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling.     Pop.  257. 

GlintoU)  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Clinton 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  78  miles  N.W.  of 
Chicago,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  59  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Racine.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  handsome 
graded  school-house,  2  newspaper  ofSces,  several  warehouses, 
and  manufa<!tures  of  carriages  and  express-  and  ware- 
bouse  trucks.  The  township  has  6  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2220. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  939. 

Clinton,  a  village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  a  station  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Goderich.  It 
has  a  large  grain-  and  produce- trade,  4  churches,  7  hotels, 
a  branch  bank,  a  printing-office,  a  number  of  stores,  large 
Baw-  and  grist-mills,  foundries,  and  woollen-factories.  Salt- 
wells  are  worked  in  the  village.     Pop.  2016. 

Clinton,  a  post-town  in  the  district  of  Lilloet,  British 
Columbia,  236  miles  from  New  Westminster. 

Clin'ton-Col'den  Lake,  an  extensive  sheet  of 
water  in  Northern  Canada,  connected  with  Lake  Aylmer  on 
the  N.W.  and  with  Artillery  Lake  on  the  S.  Lat.  64°  N.  j 
Ion.  107°  30'  W. 

Clinton  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Poughkeepsie.     It  has  2  Friends'  meetings  and  a  nursery. 

Clin'tondale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Plattekill  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Newburg.  Pop. 
about  150. 

Clintondale,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Porter  township,  on  Fishing  Creek,  11  miles  S.  of  Lock 
Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Clinton  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Greencastle.     It  has  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Clinton  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  oo.,  Minn.,  on 
Straight  River,  in  Clinton  Falls  township,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Fari- 
bault.    It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  404. 

Clinton  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co., 
W.  Va.,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Fairmont. 

Clinton  Gore,  a  tract  of  land  adjoining  the  township 
of  Clinton,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  and  traversed  by  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  257. 

Clinton  Hol'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Salt  Point  Railroad  Station,  which  is  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Clinto'nia,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co..  111.  Pop.  2638. 
It  includes  Clinton. 

Clinton  Lake,  township,  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.  P.  152. 

Clinton  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  large  steam  saw-mill  which  cost  $150,000. 

Clinton  Mills,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.     See  Clintonville. 

Clinton  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Clinton  township,  |  of  a  mile  from  Montgomery  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Clinton  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Oakland  co.,  near 
Pontiac,  runs  nearly  eastward,  intersects  Macomb  co.,  and 
enters  Lake  St.  Clair  about  5  miles  below  Mount  Clemens. 
It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Clinton's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo. 

Clinton  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Hiokman  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  and 
near  the  town  of  Clinton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Clinton  Switch,  a  station  in  Boyd  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Lexington  &  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 
It  has  a  furnace  for  iron. 

Clinton  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Blanch- 
ester.     It  has  a  church. 

CI  in'ton  ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  oo.,  Ala.,  30  miles 
B.  of  Troy.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  common  school.    P.  100. 

Clintonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  newspaper  office.  The  name  of  its  station  is  North- 
ford.     Pop.  400. 


Clintonville  (South  Elgin  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Kane  co..  111.,  on  Fox  River,  4  miles  below  Elgin,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Branch), 
39  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of  malleable  iron, 
malt,  forks,  &C.  Here  is  a  limestone-quarry.  Pop.  about 
600. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Paris,  and  about  13  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Lex- 
ington. It  has  a  church  and  2  general  stores.  Pop.  of 
Clintonville  township,  1005. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y,,  on 
the  Au  Sable  River,  near  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  2  miles 
from  Ferrona  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Plattsburg.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  a  large  manu- 
factory of  iron,  connected  with  which  are  several  furnaces 
and  a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Clintonville,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Skaneateles. 

Clintonville,  or  Clinton  Mills,  a  village  of  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hartwick  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  on  the  Cooperstown  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  Clinton 
Station.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  cotton-print  cloth  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Olentangy  River,  4  or  5  miles  N. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Clintonville,  Clinton  co..  Pa.    See  Clintondale. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Alleghany,  Kennerdell  &  Clinton- 
ville Railroad,  3  miles  from  Kennerdell  Station,  and  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  has  3  general  stores,  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  estimated  at  250. 

Clintonville,  a  post-offioe  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
12  miles  W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  in 
Larrabee  township,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clint'wood,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dickenson  oo., 
Va.,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  the  Kentucky  boundary.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  &c.     Pop.  350. 

Cli'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Clayton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop,  250. 

Clio,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  162  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Corydon.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  80. 

Clio,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La. 

Clio,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint 
<!k  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  at  Pine  Run  Station,  12  miles 
N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  577. 

Clio,  post-hamlet,  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  16  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Laurinburg,  N.C.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clio,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Tex.,  14  miles  N.  of 
Brownwood.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Clio'la,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  III.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy. 

Clion,  kle-6N<'',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
11  miles  S.  of  Paimboeuf.     Pop.  2169. 

Clion,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  ii  miles  S.E.  of 
Chatillon.     Pop.  1600. 

Clip'per,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa. 

Clipper  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Clipper  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  in  Uro 
township,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Nevada  City.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-mill. 

Clipper  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  6  miles  below  Gallipolis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Clip'perton  Island,  an  uninhabited  annular  coral 
island,  claimed  by  France,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  10°  18'  N. ; 
Ion.  109°  10'  W. 

Clisheim,  klis'him,  or  Clisseval,  klis^se-val',  the 
highest  mountain  in  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Lewis  Island,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Tarbet.     Height,  2700  feet. 

Clissa,  klis'si,  or  Klis,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Spalato,  on  a  height  commanding  the  route  from 
that  city  to  the  interior.  Clissa  has  undergone  many  sieges 
and  passed  under  the  hands  of  many  masters.  Pop.  120fr. 
On  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  in  the  vicinity,  is  sup- 
posed to  have  stood  the  Roman  castle  of  Andre'tium. 

Clisson,  klees^s6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  Sfevre-Nantaise,  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Maine,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Nantes.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths,  paper,  and  yarn.     Pop.  2241. 


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913 


CLO 


Clith'erally  a  post- village  and  township  of  Otter  Tail 
«0.,  Minn.,  28  miles  S.  of  Perham.  Pop.  of  township,  515. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  chair-factory.  The  village  has  20 
families.  It  is  surrounded  by  lakes,  groves,  and  fertile 
prairies. 

Clitheroe^  kliTH'§r-o,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lan- 
caster, on  the  Ribble,  near  Pendle  Hill,  28  miles  by  railway 
N.  of  Manchester.     It  is  built  of  stone,  and  has  a  large 
ohapel  of  ease,  a  grammar-school,  a   mechanics'  institute, 
I     some  remains  of  a  castle  built  in  the  twelfth  century,  and 

manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics.     Pop.  8208. 
I        ClitumuO)  kle-toom'no,   or   Clitunno,   kle-toon'no 
i     (anc.  Clitum'nua),  a  little  river  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  falls 

Kthe  Tinia,  an  affluent  of  the  Tiber. 
livia^  an  ancient  name  of  Cleves. 
loch  (kl&K)  or  Clough  (kl6H)  Point,  a  headland 
cotland,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  4  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Greenock,  with  a  light-house. 

Clock'ville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  the  Cazenovia  &  Canastota  Railroad, 
21  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Clogh,  or  Clough,  kl6H,  a  village  of  Ireland,  17  miles 
N.  of  Antrim.  On  a  high  rock  overlooking  the  village  are 
the  remains  of  an  old  castle. 

Cloghan,  klftn'an,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Kings  co.,  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Banagher,  near  the  Shannon. 

Clogheen,  klih-neen',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tip- 
perary,  13i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clonmel.  The  principal  edi- 
fices are  a  church,  cavalry  barracks,  bridewell,  workhouse, 
and  hospital.     Pop.  1317. 

Clogher,  kl6h'H§r,  a  decayed  city  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Tyrone,  on  the  Blackwater  River,  82  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Dublin,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Aughnacloy.  It  is  a  Catholic 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  242. 

Cioghjor'dan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  8^ 
miles  W.  of  Roscrea  Bay.     Pop.  668. 

Clo'key,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  in  North 
Strabane  township,  6  miles  from  Washington.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Clonakilty,  or  Cloghnakilty,  kl5h^na-kil'te,  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  near  Clonakilt}'  Bay,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Bandon.  It  was  once  a  flourishing  town,  but  is  now  in 
decay.     Pop.  3568. 

Clon^deralaw'  Bay,  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of 
Clare,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Ennis,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Shannon 
estuary,  and  penetrates  inland  about  4  miles. 

Clones,  klonz,  a  town  of  Ireland,  at  a  railway  junction, 
CO.  and  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monaghan,  and  near  the  Ulster 
Canal.  It  has  a  church,  a  workhouse,  a  fever  hospital,  and 
sessions-  and  market-houses.     Pop.  2170. 

Clon^fert',  a  parish  and  former  episcopal  city  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Galway.  It  still  gives  name  to  a  Catholic 
bishop's  see.     Its  see-house  is  at  Loughrea.     Pop.  2619. 

Clon^fert'  and  Kil^more',  two  contiguous  bogs  of 
Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  of  Galway,  comprising  9615 
acres,  with  an  average  depth  of  30  feet.  They  are  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Canal. 

Clonmel,  klon-mSl',  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Water- 
ford  and  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir,  26  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Waterford.  It  is  regularly  built,  paved,  and  lighted  with 
gas.  The  principal  buildings  are  a  church  founded  in  the 
twelfth  century,  various  chapels,  grammar-school,  lunatic 
asylum,  court-house,  jail,  barracks,  infirmary  and  dispensary, 
hospital,  house  of  industry,  and  butter-market.  It  has  a 
mechanics'  institute,  several  banks,  manufactures  of  cotton 
fabrics,  breweries,  a  distillery,  and  a  commerce  in  agricul- 
tural produce.     Pop.  10,112. 

Clon'mel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.,  3^  miles 
S.E.  of  Quarryville  Railroad  Station. 

ClonmelMon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Athboy.     Pop.  514. 

Clontarf,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  3  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Dublin,  on  the  N.  side  of  Dublin  Bay.     Pop.  3442. 

ClonUarf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  near  the 
Chippewa  River,  and  on  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Benson.  It  has  a  church,  public  and 
industrial  schools,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Clontarf,  a  post-oflBce  of  Dane  co.,  Wis. 

Clontarf,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co., Ontario,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  Clear  Lake,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Renfrew.   P.  100. 

Clonthal,  or  Klonthal,  klon'td,!,  a  beautiful  lake 
of  Switzerland,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Glarus.  It  is  2  miles  long, 
and  2526  feet  above  sea-level. 

Clop'per's  Station,  in  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  is  on 
the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C 


Clop'ton,  a  post-village  of  Dale  oo.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  2  churches,  1  or  2  carriage-shops, 
and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  250. 

Clopton,  a  post-villnge  of  Putnam  eo.,  Ga.,  5  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Eatonton.     It  bus  a  church. 

Cloqnet  (klo-kwef)  River,  Minnesota,  rises  near  the 
W.  border  of  Lake  co.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  the  St.  Louis 
River  in  the  S.  part  of  St.  Louis  oo.  It  is  nearly  100  miles 
long. 

Closepete,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore.     Pop.  5460. 

Clos'ter,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Har- 
rington township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  chair-factory. 

Clotze,  or  Klotze,  klot's^h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2320. 

Cloud,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  intersected 
by  the  Republican  and  Solomon  Rivers,  has  an  area  of  720 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  fertile,  a  large  portion  of  it  (about  96  per 
cent.)  being  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  hay 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Coal  is  found  here, 
Capital,  Concordia.  Pop.  in  1870,  2323;  in  1880,  15,343; 
in  1890,  19,295. 

Cloud,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cloud  Peak,  Wyoming,  a  peak  of  the  Big  Horn 
Mountains,  near  lat.  44°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  107°  10'  W. 

Cloud's  Island,  in  the  Pacific.     See  Clarion. 

Cloudy  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  an  inlet  of  Cook's  Strait, 
in  the  N.E.  extremity  of  New  Munster.  On  its  N.  shore  is 
Cloudy  Harbor,  the  E.  entrance  to  which  is  in  lat.  41°  20' 
S.,  Ion.  174°  10'  E.    Cloudy  Bay  receives  the  Wairau  River. 

Clough,  a  village  of  Ireland.     See  Clogh. 

Clough  Point,  Scotland.    See  Cloch  Point. 

Clough's  (kluff's)  Store,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Macon  co., 
Ala.,  at  Clough's  Station  on  the  Western  Railroad,  36  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Montgomery,  and  6  miles  from  Tuskegee.  Hero 
is  a  church. 

Cloutierville,  local  pron.  kloo'che-a-vll,  a  post-office 
of  Natchitoches  parish,  La. 

Clove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clove 
Valley,  about  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  1 
or  2  churches. 

Clove  Branch  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Clove  Branch,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Clo'ver,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.     Pop.  1695. 

Clover,  a  township  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  868.  It 
contains  Baxter. 

Clover,  a  post- village  of  York  co.,  S.C,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Yorkville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton.     Pop.  350. 

Clover  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  on 
Big  Black  River,  about  90  miles  N.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clo'ver  Bot'tom,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky., 
8  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  McKee,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  3  general  stores. 

Clover  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  eo.,  Mo., 
60  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clover  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Easley. 

Clover  Creek,  Blair  co.,  Pa.    See  Fredericksburg. 

Clover  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va. 

Clo'verdale,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  is  a 
fine  grape-  and  orange-growing  district,  on  Russian  River, 
and  on  the  San  Francisco  &  Nprth  Pacific  Railroad,  88 
miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  soap-factory.  It  is 
surrounded  by  admirable  scenery.     Pop.  763. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cloverdale  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  70  miles  S.  of  Lafayette,  and  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Greencastle.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  public  school,  a  lumber-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  437. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  oo.,  Va.,  18 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  8.  of  Buchanan.     Pop.  100. 

Clover  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va.,  about 
16  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  South  Boston.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Clover  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  oo.,  Ky. 

Clover  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.t20 
miles  N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 


CLO 


914 


OLY 


Clover  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Mary  ville ;  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clover  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  is  near 
Ajwpomattox  Court-House. 

Clover  Hill,  a  mining  village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Brighthope  Railroad,  about  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  mines  of  bituminous  Tri- 
assic  coal,  with  a  perpendicular  coal-shaft  1200  feet  deep. 
Here  is  Winterpock  Post-Ofifice.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Clover  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Clover  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Simeoe  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gilford.     Pop.  100. 

Clo'verland,  a  post-village  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Posey 
township,  on  a  railroad,  11  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Terre  Haute. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  136. 

Clover  liick,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Clover  Or'chard,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Clo'verport,  an  incorporated  town  of  Breckenridgeco., 
Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  80  miles  above  Evansville, 
Ind.,  and  60  miles  direct  W.S.W.  of  Louisville,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  daily  line  of  steam-packets  on  the  Ohio. 
It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  barrels  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  1627. 

Clo'verton,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Hastings. 

Clo'ver  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nevada. 

Clove  Spring  Iron- Works,  a  small  village  of  Beek- 
man  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  N.  of  Beekman. 
It  has  iron -works. 

Clovesville,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.  See  Griffin's  Cor- 
ners. 

Cloyd,  a  river  of  Wales.     See  Clwyd. 

Cloyd's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Maryville. 

Cloyd's  Landing;,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Glasgow.     Oil  is  found  here. 

Cloyes,  kiwi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  on 
the  Loire,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Ch§,teaudun.     Pop.  1759. 

Cloyne,  kloin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  4  miles 
S.AV.  of  Castle-Martyr,  contains  a  Gothic  cathedral  founded 
about  the  sixth  century,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  a 
round  tower,  and  the  remains  of  a  castle,  a  church,  nunnery, 
and  monastery.    It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop.    P.  1235. 

Club  Creek,  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  flows  south- 
ward through  Charlotte  co.,  and  enters  the  Staunton  a  few 
miles  S.W.  of  Marysville. 

Club  House,  a  station  in  Islip  township,  Safiblk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  and  on  the 
Conetquot  River,  2  miles  E.  of  Islip  village.  Here  are 
the  house  and  the  trout-ponds  of  the  Southside  Club. 

Clugnat,  kliin^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Gu6ret,  on  the  V^raux.     Pop.  2191. 

Cluis,  klwee,  two  contiguous  villages  of  France,  in 
Indre,  12  miles  W.  of  La  Chatre.     United  pop.  2159. 

Clun,  or  Clunn,  a  decayed  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Salop,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ludlow.     Pop.  1127. 

Clunas,  Ontario.    See  Springfield. 

Clunes,  klunz,  a  borough  of  Talbot  co.,  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, on  Deep  Creek,  20  miles  N.  of  Ballarat,  in  a  flat 
country.  Gold-mining  and  grazing  are  the  chief  indus- 
tries.    Pop.  6068.     Here  is  a  general  hospital. 

Cluny,  formerly  Clugny,  klU^nee',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  on  the  Gr6ne,  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
M&.con.  Pop.  4540.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and 
has  the  remains  of  an  abbey ;  also  a  normal  school,  a  hos- 
pital, and  a  museum.  It  has  manufactures  of  gloves,  linen, 
and  leather,  paper-  and  oil-mills,  a  large  pottery,  and  a 
trade  in  timber,  corn,  and  cattle. 

Clu'ro,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  102  miles  E.  of  Winnemucca. 

Cluses,  kliiz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  near 
the  Arve,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Geneva.  It  has  a  church,  a 
college,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1643. 

Clusium,  the  ancient  name  of  Chiusi. 

Clusius,  the  ancient  name  of  Chiesb. 

Clusone,  kloo-so'ni  (anc.  Clu'ao),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  in  the  Alps,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Mont  GenSvre,  flows 
S.E.  past  Fenestrelle,  Perosa,  and  Pinerolo,  and  joins  the  Po 
18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turin.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Clusoue,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergamo,  near  the  Serio.  Pop.  3838.  It  has  a  church, 
2  hospitals,  a  public  school,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn  and 
iron.     In  the  vicinity  are  copper-  and  vitriol-works. 

Clutts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Clwyd,  klwid,  a  river  of  Wales,  flows  N.  through  the 
counties  of  Denbigh  and  Flint  to  the  Irish  Sea. 


Cly'attville,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  10  mileg 
S.  of  Valdosta. 

Cly'bourn  Place,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  (Wisconsin  division),  3  miles  from  the 
Kinzie  Street  Depot,  Chicago,  111. 

Clyde,  klid,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  important 
rivers  in  Scotland,  takes  its  rise  in  the  S.  part  of  Lanark- 
shire and  the  borders  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  original  source 
of  the  Clyde,  popularly  so  called,  is  4  miles  E.  of  the  village 
of  Elvanfoot,  whence  it  flows  in  a  N.E.  direction,  receiving 
numerous  tributaries;  then,  turning  N.W.  and  W.  and  enter- 
ing Lanark  parish,  it  forms  the  celebrated  falls  of  Clyde,  de- 
scending by  several  rapids  about  230  feet,  amid  high  shelving 
sandstone  rocks  and  most  picturesque  scenery.  Its  course 
is  now  through  rich  and  fertile  valleys  on  to  Glasgow. 
From  this  city  it  expands  into  a  river,  which  has  been  ren- 
dered navigable  for  ships  of  the  largest  class.  It  now  flows 
N.W.,  dividing  the  counties  of  Renfrew  on  the  W.  from 
Dumbarton  on  the  N.E.,  receiving  the  waters  of  the  Kelvin, 
Cart,  and  Leven.  After  passing  Dumbarton  it  opens  up 
into  an  estuary  4  miles  in  width,  spreading  northward  into 
Loch  Long,  and  southward  into  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  estuary.  Here  the  Clyde  expands  into 
a  noble  bay,  averaging  about  32  miles  in  width,  and  at  the 
distance  of  48  miles  becomes  identified  with  the  North 
Channel.  The  length  of  the  river  from  its  source  to  Glas- 
gow, including  windings,  is  about  75  miles. 

Clyde,  klid,  a  river  of  British  North  America,  falling 
into  Baffin's  Bay  in  lat.  70°  10'  N.,  Ion.  69°  W. 

Clyde,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ark.,  about 

17  miles  S.W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  3  churches.     P.  100. 
Clyde,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  about 

18  miles  W.  by  S,  of  Savannah.     It  has  2  churches. 
Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  9  miles  by  rail 

W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  500. 

Clyde,  Macoupin  oo.,  HI.    See  Hornsby. 

Clyde,  a  township  of  Whiteside  oo.,  111.     Pop.  1093. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  about  26  miles 
N.E.  of  Des  Moines. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Re- 
publican River,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City,  and  14 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Concordia.  It  has  4  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  1137. 

Clyde,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  See  Clyde 
Centre. 

Clyde,  a  station  in  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing &  Saginaw  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 

Clyde,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Holly.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  cider-  and  vinegar- 
factory.     Pop.  150. 

Clyde,  a  post-office  of  Winona  co.,  Minn. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Maryville.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper'office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  800. 

Clyde,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Millstone 
<fe  New  Brunswick  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  New  Brunswick. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Galen 
township,  on  the  Clyde  River,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  Syracuse,  and  42i 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Rochester.  It  contains  5  or  6  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  a  union  school,  2  steam  flour- 
ing-mills,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a  glass-factory,  a  manufactory 
of  steam-engines,  and  one  of  farming-implements.     P.  2638. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  17  miles  S.W. 
of  Sandusky,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Tiffin,  and  9  miles  by  rail 
E.  by  S.  of  Fremont.  It  has  2  banks,  a  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  8  churches,  2  flouring-mill?,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  edge-tools.     Pop.  in  1890,  2327. 

Clyde,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  tne  Lehigh 
&  Lackawanna  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Clyde,  a  post-township  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  intersected  by  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Madison  with  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  is 
hilly  and  has  plenty  of  timber.     Pop.  737. 

Clyde  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Clyde 
township  (see  Clyde),  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake 
Shore  Railroad.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Clyde  River,  New  York,  a  branch  of  Seneca  River, 
is  formed  by  the  Canandaigua  Outlet  and  Mud  Creek,  which 
unite  at  Lyons,  Wayne  co.  It  runs  E.,  and  unites  with  the 
outlet  of  Cayuga  Lake,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn. 

Clyde  River,  Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  William,  in  Me- 
gantic  CO.,  and  after  passing  through  Lake  Lomond  is  in-   ■ 
creased  by  the  Black  River  from  the  N.  and  Bullet  River  ■ 
from  the  S.,  and  running  E.  falls  into  the  river  Becancour.    B 

Clyde  River,  Nova  Scotia,  rises  upwards  of  40  milei 


CLY 


915 


OOA 


i   Gaitl 


in  the  interior  of  Shelburne  oo.,  in  an  extensive  chain  of 
lakes,  and  at  its  junction  with  the  sea  forms  two  harbors, 
called  Cape  Negro  Harbors. 

Clyde  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Essex  co.,  runs  north- 
westward, and  enters  Lake  Memphremagog  in  Orleans  oo., 
at  or  near  Newport. 

Clyde  River,  a  post- village  of  Nova  Scotia,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Clyde,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Shelburne.     Pop.  300. 

Clydesdale,  klidz'dale,  Scotland,  the  district  forming 
the  valley  of  the  Clyde.  (See  Lanark,  County  of.)  It  is 
celebrated  for  its  orchards,  coal-  and  iron-mines,  and  horses. 

Clyde  Works,  a  village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  the  larger  village  of  Lippitt.  It  has 
print-works,  a  bleachery,  and  a  church.     Pop.  201. 

Cly'man,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  6  miles 
8.  of  Juneau.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  1330.  Clyman 
Post-Offioe  is  at  Clyman  Station  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Watertown. 

Cly'raer,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clymer  township,  1  mile  from  the  Buffalo,  Corry  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  May ville,  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Jamestown.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
several  mills.  Pop.  400 ;  of  the  township,  1408.  The  town- 
ship has  9  churches  and  2  tanneries. 

Clymer,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1079. 

Clymer  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clymer  township,  1  mile  from  North  Clymer  Station. 

Clymer  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clymer  township,  J  of  a  mile  from  Clymer  Railroad  Station. 

Cly'mer's,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Logansport,  Craw- 
fordsville  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Logans- 
port.  It  has  a  church,  a  common  school,  and  a  general 
store.     Pop.  about  100. 

Clytha,  kluth'a,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth, 5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Usk. 

Clythe-Ness,  klixH^nSss',  a  headland  of  Scotland,  in 

^hness,  on  the  North  Sea.   Lat.  58°  21'  N.;  Ion.  3°  18'  W. 

lytis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Clain. 

oa,  ko'4  (anc.  Guda),  a  river  of  Portugal,  province  of 

ra,  rises  in  the  Sierra  de  Gata,  flows  N.,  passing  near 

Almeida,  and  joins  the  Douro  on  the  left,  6  miles  W.  of 

~  rre  de  Moneorvo.     Length,  80  miles. 

oa,  ko'4,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  S. 
le  isle  of  Flores.     Lat.  9°  S. ;  Ion.  122°  E. 
o'aco^achoo'  Bay  ("Great  Owl"),  an  inlet  on  the 
N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  150  miles  E.  of  the  mouth 
of  Mingan  River.     It  forms  a  good  harbor. 

Co^aho'ma,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Sunflower  River.  The  surface  is  low  and  level,  and  partly 
subject  to  inundation;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  In- 
dian corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Friar's  Point. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7144;  in  1880,  13,568;  in  1890,  18,342. 

Coahoma,  a  post-village  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss.,  6 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Friar's  Point.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
public  school.     Pop.  350. 

Coahuila,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Cohahuila. 

Coal,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  produces 
much  anthracite.  Pop.  2920,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of 
Shamokin.     It  contains  Excelsior. 

Coal  Bank,  in  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Laurel  Fork  &  Sand  Hill  Railroad. 

Coal  Banks,  a  station  in  Fremont  co..  Col.,  the  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  railroad  to  Coal  Junction,  2^  miles. 

Coal  Bluff,  a  post-ofiiee  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  church,  and  coal- 
mining industries.     Pop.  700. 

Coal  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg.     It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches. 

Coal  Branch  Crossing,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Stone- 
borough  Junction. 

Coalbrookdale,  England.    See  Colbbrookdale. 

Coal'brookdale,a  locality  in  Henrico  oo.,  Va.,  where 
coal  is  mined.     It  is  not  far  from  Richmond. 

Coal'burg,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Hub- 
bard township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Youngstown,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  Youngstown  Branch  Railroad.  It 
has  3  churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Coalburg,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  churches. 
Coal  is  mined  here. 


Coal  Cas'tle,  acoal-uiining  village  in  New  Castle  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  near  the  Mine  Hill  and  Schuylkill 
Railroad,  and  not  far  from  Mine  Hill  Gap.     Pop.  500. 

Coal  City,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Pell  City,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Ashville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Coal-mining  and  coke- 
making  are  the  chief  industries.     Pop.  350. 

Coal  City,  a  post- village  of  Grundy  co.,  111.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Minooka,  and  9  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Morris. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  large 
coal-mines.     Pop.  1672. 

Coal  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  31  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  17  miles  (direct)  W.  by 
S.  of  Spencer.  It  has  3  churches,  manufactures  of  brick, 
tile,  and  staves,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  300. 

Coal  City,  a  post- village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rook- 
land  township,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  Foster 
Station,  8  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  Here  coal  is  found;  but 
the  place  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  oil. 

Coal  Creek,  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the 
Wabash  a  little  below  the  mouth  of  Vermilion  River.  Rich 
mines  of  coal  are  found  at  its  mouth. 

Coal  Creek,  a  station  in  Boulder  co..  Col.,  on  the  Col- 
orado Central  Railroad,  34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Denver. 

Coal  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co..  Col.,  about 
11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cafion  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  1122. 

Coal  Creek,  a  station  in  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the' 
Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Covington. 

Coal  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Prairie  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Coal  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Clinton.  It  has  5  churches.  In  the 
vicinity  are  important  mines  of  coal,  which  are  connected 
with  the  railroad  by  a  branch  line.  The  village  is  on  this 
branch  line,  1  mile  from  Coal  Creek  Junction.  Pop.  of 
main  village,  1865. 

Coal  Dale,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Zanesville. 

Coal'dale,  a  mining  village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  is  in 
Broad  Top  township,  on  or  near  Broad  Top  Mountain,  2 
miles  from  Riddlesburg  Railroad  Station,  and'about  32 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined 
here.    P.  262,    The  name  of  its  po?t-ofl6ce  is  Six-Mile  Run. 

Coaldale,  a  post-village  of  Rahn  township,  Schuylkill 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the-Taraaqua  Branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Central 
Railroad,  a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Tamaqua.  Here  are  coal- 
mines and  coal-breakers. 

Coaldale,  a  post-oflBce  of  Mercer  co.,  W,  Va. 

Coales'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  11 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2  general  stores,  a  black- 
smith'^-shop,  and  other  business  houses. 

Coal'field,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Albia.  It  has  a 
church,  a  general  store,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  about  200, 
mostly  miners. 

Coalfield,  a  village  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  by 
W.  from  Fort  Scott.     It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches. 

Coalfield,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Clinton. 

Coalfield,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &,  Danville  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 
Near  this  place  are  important  mines  of  Triassic  coal.  The 
name  of  its  post-oflice  is  Midlothian. 

Coal  Fields,  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  is  connected  by  a 
railroad,  4  miles  long,  with  Struther's  Station  on  the  Law- 
rence Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown.  Here  coal  is 
mined. 

Coal  Fire,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Columbus,  Miss. 

Coal  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  C,  on  or 
near  the  Ohio  River,  about  3  miles  above  Ironton.  It  has 
a  church  nnd  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Johnson  co..  Ark.,  14  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  colliery.     Pop.  802. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-office  of  M^iskingum  co.,  0. 

Coal  Hill,  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Venango  oo..  Pa.,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Coal  Hills,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  h 
Southwestern  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Ferdinand  Station.  Ind. 


COA 


916 


COA 


Coal'ing,  a  post-village  of  Tuscaloosa  cc,  Ala.,  14  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  3  churches,  separate 
schools  for  white  and  colored,  and  5  general  stores.  Coal- 
mining is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  400. 

Coal  Island,  a  village   of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  4 

miles  N.E.  of  Dungannon.     Pop.  598.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Coal  Kiln  (kll)  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland 

eo.,  Me.,  in  Scarborough  township,  2  miles  from  Gorham 

Btation.     It  ha^  a  church  and  a  soap-factory. 

Coal  Mines,  a  station  in  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Jas- 
per County  Coal  Railway,  3i  miles  S.  of  Newton. 

Coal  Mines,  a  station  and  village  in  Portsmouth  town- 
ship, Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  island  of 
Aquidneck  (see  Rhode  Island),  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Newport.  Here  are  2  mines  of  anthra- 
eite  coal,  and  a  copper-smelting  furnace  which  uses  South 
American  ore  and  Rhode  Island  coal.     Pop.  320. 

Coal  Mines,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  navigable  river  Salmon,  77  miles  N.  of  St. 
John.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Coal'mont,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  in 
Carbon  township,  on  Shoup's  Branch  of  the  Huntingdon  <fc 
Broad  Top  Railroad,  28  miles  ty  rail  S.  of  Huntingdon. 
Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Coal  Mountain,  a  pust-village  of  Forsyth  oo.,  Ga.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Flowery  Branch  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  wagon-factory.  Gold  is  found  near  it.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Coal  Point,  a  hamlet  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
North  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Watkins.  Here  large 
quantities  of  semi-bituminous  coal  from  Pennsylvania  are 
etored  for  shipment  by  rail.     Pop.  about  50. 

Coal 'port,  a  station  in  JeflFerson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Bur- 
lington. 

Coalport,  a  hamlet  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
Canal,  5  miles  S.  of  Coshocton,  and  i  mile  from  Franklin 
Btation.     Coal  is  shipped  here. 

Coalport,  Meigs  co.,  0.     See  Pomeeot. 

Coal  Port,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  La  Jose,  and  19  miles  S.  of  Clearfield. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public 
school,  coal-mines,  a  saw-mill,  and  numerous  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  855. 

Coal  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Raleigh  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  the  Kanawha 
River  at  St.  Albans,  14  miles  W.  of  Charleston.  It  is  nearly 
80  miles  long.     Good  coal  abounds  on  its  banks  in  Boone  co. 

Coal  River  Marsh'es,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co., 
W.Va.,  is  at  Trap  Hill. 

Coal  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Coal  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Waterford  township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  16  miles 
above  Marietta.  It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches.  Pop.  203. 

Coal  Shaft,  a  station  in  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Coal  Si'ding,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  4  miles  N. 
of  Ottawa.     Here  coal  is  shipped. 

Coalsmouth,  W.  Va.    See  Saint  Albans. 

Coal  Switch,  a  station  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Havana. 

Coal'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Albia. 

Coal  ton,  a  post-village  of  Boyd  CO.,  Ky.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Ashland.  It  has  mines  of  bk>ck-coal,  excel- 
lent for  iron-furnaces;  also  a  church. 

Coalton,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1459. 

Coal'town,  East  and  West,  two  adjacent  villages  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Kirkcaldy,  inhabited 
by  colliers. 

Coal  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  oo..  111.,  in 
Coal  Valley  township,  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  A  large  quantity 
of  coal  is  mined  here,  and  exported.  The  township  has 
5  or  6  churches.     Pop,  in  1890,  700. 

Coal  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  18  miles  S. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  coal-mines  and  a  church. 

Coal  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  and  shipped  here. 

Coal'ville,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

Coal'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  on  the 


Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestera 
Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Streator. 

Coalville,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  in  Pleas- 
ant  Valley  township,  on  or  near  the  Des  Moines  River,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  coal-mines  and  a  graded 
school. 

Coalville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Summit  co.,  Utah, 
on  the  Weber  River,  and  on  the  Summit  County  Railroad,  at 
the  E.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  about  36  miles  E.  by 
N.  from  Salt  Lake  City.     Coal  is  found  here.    Pop.  1160. 

Coal  Works,  the  terminus  of  the  Plum  Creek  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  by  rail  N.E,  from  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Coauza,  Quanza,  or  Kwanza,  kp-ln'za,  a  river 
of  Western  Africa,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  lat.  9°  10'  S. 
and  Ion.  14°  22'  E.,  after  a  rapid  course  of  500  miles.  It  is 
navigable  for  over  100  miles  by  steamships. 

Coarraze,  kwaR^niz',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Pau.     It  has  linen-weaving. 

Coast  Range,  a  long  range  of  mountains  in  Califor- 
nia, nearly  parallel  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  almost  co- 
extensive with  the  length  of  the  state.  It  forms  the  south- 
western boundary  of  the  great  central  valley  of  California, 
and  consists  of  a  series  of  ridges,  which,  with  the  intervening 
valleys,  occupy  a  tract  about  40  miles  wide.  Between  these 
ridges  are  many  long  and  narrow  valleys  remarkable  for 
fertility  and  salubrity.  The  Coast  Range  and  the  Sierra 
Nevada  unite  near  Shasta  on  the  north,  and  near  Fort  Tejon 
on  the  south.  Among  its  highest  peaks  are  San  Bernardino, 
which  rises  11,600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  Mount 
Ripley  (7500  feet),  and  Mount  Diablo  (3876  feet).  The 
Coast  Range  is  composed  of  cretaceous  rocks,  which  contain 
coal,  asphaltum,  and  cinnabar, 

Coat'bridge,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  9J 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Glasgow,  and  on  the  Monkland  Canal. 
It  is  the  chief  centre  of  the  iron-manufacture  in  Scotland. 
Pop.  15,702. 

Coatesville,  kBts'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co., 
Ind.,  in  Clay  township,  on  the  Terre  Haute  A  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Coatesville,  a  post-borough  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  is 
finely  situated  in  Chester  Valley,  on  the  West  Branch  of 
Brandywine  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  39  miles  S.  of  Reading,  and  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  is  connected  with  the  last 
two  towns  by  the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains 8  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
tannery,  several  sash-factories,  5  rolling-mills,  a  brick-kiln, 
lime-kilns,  a  bone-mill,  boiler-works,  an  artificial  ice-factory, 
a  torpedo-cap  factory.  Here  is  a  railroad  bridge  about 
900  feet  long.     Pop.  in  1880,  2766;  in  1890,  3680. 

Coaticook,  ko-at'9-k55k,  a  village  in  Stanstead  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Coaticook  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  122  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  is  a  port  of  entry, 
and  contains  4  churches,  several  hotels,  a  branch  bank,  a 
printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  manufactories  of  mowing-machines,  leather,  fur 
niture,  sashes,  doors,  matches,  washing-machines,  churns, 
iron  castings,  boots  and  shoes,  <fec.     Pop.  1160. 

Coaticook  River  rises  in  the  state  of  Vermont,  and, 
entering  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  runs  N.E.  into  the  St.  Francis. 
On  the  river,  a  mile  from  the  village  of  Coaticook,  is  a  series 
of  cascades,  extending  over  a  mile  in  length.  The  river  runs 
through  a  chasm  80  or  90  feet  deep. 

Co^ato'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  66  miles  W.  of  Selma.  It  has  1 
or  2  stores. 

Coatsburg,  kots'burg,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  111., 
in  Honey  Creek  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
nurseries.     Pop.  in  1890,  308. 

Coat's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Hastings.     It  has  2  general  stores, 

Coats'town,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn. 

Coats'ville,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  31  miles  N. 
of  Kirksville.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Coatzacoalcos,  ko-it-si-ko-il'koce,  a  river  of  the 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec,  Mexico,  rises  in  a  little-known 
region  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  drains  a  considerable  area,  and 
discharges  its  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  a  point  130 
miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  There  are  14  feet  of  water  on  its 
bar,  and  above  it  the  depth  holds  20  feet  for  some  30  miles. 
Minatitlan  is  the  most  important  place  on  the  river. 

Coazzo,  ko-it'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin. 
13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Susa.     Pod.  3897. 


COB 


917 


COB 


Co'balt)  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Conn.,  in  Port- 
land and  Chatham  townships,  on  the  New  Haven,  Middle- 
town  A  Willimantio  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles  E.  of  Middletown, 
and  adjacent  to  Middle  Haddam.  It  has  a  mine  of  cobalt, 
and  manufactures  of  bells,  britannia-ware,  flour,  and  ooffin- 
trimmings. 

Coban,  ko-bin',  or  Cobam,ko-b&m',  a  town  of  Guate- 
mala, capital  of  the  department  of  Alta  Vera  Paz,  90  miles 
N.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.  It  has  an  agreeable  climate, 
and  a  trade  in  hides,  skins,  cofifee,  sarsaparilla,  and  rubber. 
Elevation,  4306  feet.  It  was  anciently  called  Ciudad  Im- 
perial, in  honor  of  Charles  V.  Its  people  are  mostly  In- 
dians of  the  Kekchi  race.     Pop.  18,000. 

Cobb,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  379  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Pumpkin- 
Vine  and  Sweetwater  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
high  hills  or  mountains,  among  which  Kerfesaw  Mountain 
rises  about  1828  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  gold, 
copper,  and  granite.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Western  & 
Atlantic  Railroad.  Capital,  Marietta.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,814;  in  1880,  20,748;  in  1890,  22,286. 

Cobb,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Dodgeville.     It  has   2   churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 

ool,  a  wagon-factory,  and  a  cheese- factory.     Pop.  400. 
obbe,  a  town  of  Central  Africa.     See  Kobbe. 
ob'bler's  Island  is  on  the  north  side  of  Bonavista 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Green's  Pond.    Pop.  97. 

Cob^bosseecon'tee  Waters,  in  the  S.  part  of  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me.,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  connected  with 
a  number  of  smaller  ponds.  Length,  about  7  miles.  Its 
outlet,  the  Cobbosseecontee  River,  flows  into  the  Kennebec. 

Cobb  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Freeborn  co.,  drains 

Eart  of  Faribault  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the 
i6  Sueur  River  in  Blue  Earth  co.,  7  miles  S.  of  Mankato. 

Cobb's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
I  ary  between  Delaware  and  Philadelphia  cos.,  and  enters 
I    Darby  Creek  about  a  mile  below  Darby. 

Cobb's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Matthews  co.,  Va. 

Cobb  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Columbus  Branch  Railroad,  about  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Crolumbus. 

Cobb'ville,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga. 

Cob'den,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  15  miles  S.  of 
Carbondale.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
flour-mills,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  994.  The 
citizens  of  Cobden  are  mainly  engaged  in  the  culture  and 
shipment  of  fruits  and  vegetables. 

Cob'do,  or  Kob'do,  a  city  in  the  N.W.  of  Mongolia, 
on  the  Iso,  a  tributary  of  the  Chabkan,  in  lat.  48°  N.,  Ion. 
91°  E.     It  is  said  to  contain  2000  houses. 

Cob'ham,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  4i  miles 
W.  of  Rochester.  Near  the  church  are  monumental  brasses 
of  the  Barons  of  Cobham. 

Cobhara,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  9  miles 
N.B.  of  Guildford.  It  comprises  Church  Cobham,  a  village 
on  the  Mole,  and  Street  Cobham,  a  hamlet  on  the  London 
k  Portsmouth  Road. 

Cobham,  kSb'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany 
River  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Cobham,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville.  There  are  3 
churches  near  this  place. 

Cobi,  a  wide  desert  of  Central  Asia.     See  Gobi. 

Cobija,  ko-bee'H^,,  or  Port  La  Mar,  pent  1&  man, 
(Sp.  Puerto  la  Mar,  pw^R'to  1&  mau),  also  called  La  Mar, 
a  seaport  of  Chili,  on  the  Pacific,  110  miles  W.  of  Atacama. 
Lat.  22°  34'  S.;  Ion.  70°  21'  2"  W.  It  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus,  and  a  depot  for  coin,  bullion,  ore,  cotton  and  woollen 
stuffs,  paper,  and  mercury.  Prior  to  the  war  of  1879-80  it 
belonged  to  Bolivia.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Cob'lentz  (Ger.  Cohlenz  or  Kohlenz,\o'\i\hn\s',  Fr.  Co- 
blence,  ko^bliNss';  anc.  Confiuen'tea  and  Confluen'tia),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Moselle,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cologne.  It  is  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
fine  churches,  a  noble  palace  of  the  former  Electors  of 
Treves,  an  ancient  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
seminary.  The  other  principal  buildings  are  the  churches, 
one  of  which,  called  the  church  of  St.  Castor,  situated  pre- 
cisely at  the  confluence  of  the  two  rivers,  is  remarkable  for 
it£  antiquity,  having  been  founded  in  836,  and  also  as  the 


place  where  the  grandsons  of  Charlemagne  met,  in  843,  t« 
divide  his  vast  empire  into  Germany,  France,  and  Italy. 
There  are  residences  of  several  noble  families  in  the  town, 
including  that  of  Prince  Metternich,  a  hospital,  conducted 
by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  and  a  town  library,  with  valuable 
collections  of  coins,  paintings,  and  antiquities.  At  Ehren- 
breitstein,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Rhine,  there  is  a  strong 
fortress,  containing  vast  arched  cisterns  capable  of  holding 
three  years'  supply  of  water.  The  fortifications  together 
are  capable  of  accommodating  100,000  men,  while  the  mag- 
azines are  large  enough  to  contain  provisions  for  8000  men 
for  ten  years.  These  extensive  fortifications  render  Coblentz 
the  strongest  place  in  the  Prussian  dominions.  Coblentz  is 
the  seat  of  a  central  and  criminal  court,  of  a  general  court 
of  justice,  of  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  of  a  board  of 
taxation,  and  is  the  place  of  residence  of  the  oberprasident  of 
the  province  of  the  Rhine.  It  is  a  free  port,  and  carries  on 
an  active  commerce  by  the  Rhine,  Moselle,  and  Lahn.  It 
is  the  principal  place  of  shipment  for  the  Rhino  and  Moselle 
wines,  which  are  extensively  exported.  Grain,  oil,  iron, 
and  Seltzer  water  are  also  exported,  the  latter  to  the 
amount  of  li  million  bottles  annually.  Millstones,  manu- 
factured from  the  lava  of  extinct  volcanoes  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, pumice-stone,  potter's  clay,  and  bark  are  articles  of 
trade.  Japanned  wares,  linen,  and  tobacco  are  among  the 
manufactures.    Pop.  in  1880,  30,567  ;  in  1890,32,671. 

Coblentz,  or  Koblentz,  a  government  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  bounded  N.  by  the  government  of  Cologne.  Area 
1754  square  miles.     Capital,  Coblentz.     Pop.  671,569. 

Cobleuz,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Aar  with  the  Rhine.     Pop.  641. 

Cobles,  kobl'z,  township,  Alamance  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  875. 

Cobleskill,  kob'^lz-kil,  or  ko'biis-kil,  a  creek  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Scho- 
harie River  about  4  miles  below  the  village  of  Schoharie. 

Cobleskill,  a  post-village  of  Cobleskill  township,  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Cobleskill  Creek,  in  a  valley  between 
high  hills,  and  on  the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  45 
miles  W.  of  Albany.  A  branch  railroad  connects  this  point 
with  Sharon  Springs,  14  miles  distant.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  manufactory 
of  threshing-machines,  a  shirt-factory,  a  planing-mill,  a 
sash-factory,  and  several  superior  hotels.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1822. 

Cobleskill  Centre,  N.Y.    See  Mineral  Springs. 

Cob  Moo  Sa,  a  post-office  of  Ocoana  co.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Hart. 

Cob'oconk,  or  Shed'den,  a  post-village  in  Victoria 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Fenelon,  87  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Toronto.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels,  a  saw-mill,  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Cobourg,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Coburg. 

Co'bourg,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  92 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kingston,  and  69  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto, 
It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  the  junction  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
and  Coburg,  Peterborough  <fc  Marmora  Railways.  The 
town  is  lit  with  gas,  and  is  prettily  laid  out,  the  broad  and 
spacious  streets  for  the  most  part  intersecting  one  another 
at  right  angles.  It  has  numerous  elegant  residences,  and 
several  fine  public  buildings,  including  a  town  hall  and  a 
Wesleyan  university.  The  latter  is  affiliated  with  faculties 
of  law  and  medicine  in  Toronto  and  Montreal.  The  manu- 
facturing interests  are  represented  by  woollen-mills,  a  car- 
factory,  and  several  foundries,  mills,  and  breweries.  The 
town  also  contains  3  branch  banks,  about  70  stores,  3  news- 
paper offices,  and  7  churches.     Pop.  (1891)  4829. 

Cobras,  ko'bris,  an  island  group  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa,  lat.  6°  S.,  including  Remba,  Monfia,  and  Zanzibar. 

Cobras,  ko'bris,  an  island  and  fort  of  Brazil,  Bay  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  about  1  mile  from  the  city,  of  which  the  fort 
is  one  of  the  principal  defences  and  is  also  a  state  prison. 

Cobre,  or  El  Cobre,  41  ko'bri  (Span,  for  "copper"), 
a  town  of  Cuba,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 
Pop.  2138.     Here  are  rich  copper-mines. 

Co'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of  Stafford,  is  a 
suburb  of  Burslem,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyne. 

Cobs'cook  Bay,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Maine,  com- 
municates with  Passamaquoddy  Bay  near  Eastport. 

Cob'ton,  a  post-office  of  Craven  co.,  N.C. 

Coburg,  ko'b55RG  (Ger.  Coburg  or  Koburg,  ko'bSSRo; 
Fr.  Cobourg,  ko*boOR';  L.  Melocabus),  a  town  of  Germany, 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Coburg  (a  portion  of  the  duchy  of 
Saxe-Coburg-  Gotha),  on  the  It*,  an  affluent  of  the  Regen,  and 
on  the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Munich,  26  miles  N.  of  Bam- 
berg. Lat.  60°  15'  19"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  58'  9"  E.  It  is  irregu- 
larly  built,  but  has  some  good  edifices,  and  public  walk! 


COB 


918 


coc 


•eparating  it  from  its  suburbs.  Principal  buildings,  the 
Bhretberg  Palace,  a  residence  of  the  duke,  containing  a 
collection  of  paintings,  a  library,  and  a  fine  state  banquet- 
hall  ;  several  churches,  a  large  arsenal,  observatory,  theatre, 
casino,  and  workhouse.  On  a  height  above  the  town  is  the 
old  castle  of  the  Dukes  of  Coburg,  still  a  place  of  strength, 
and  containing  a  large  collection  of  armor,  with  rooms  once 
occupied  by  Luther.  Coburg  is  the  seat  of  high  courts,  and 
has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  gold  and  silver  articles,  bleaching-  and  dye- 
works,  stone-quarries,  and  an  active  transit  and  general 
trade.  Pop.  of  town  in  1890,  17,106.  Area  of  duchy  of 
Coburg,  216  square  miles.     Pop.  (1890)  59,287. 

Co'burg,  or  Co'bourg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  48  miles  S.E.  of 
Chicago.     It  has  an  elevator,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Coburg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grant  township,  on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the  Bur- 
lington <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Red  Oak. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  bee-hives. 

Coburg,  a  post- hamlet  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  14  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Broken  Bow.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Coburg,  a  village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Wall 
township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  at  Shark 
River  Station.     It  has  a  brick-yard. 

Coburg,  a  town  of  Ontario.     See  Cobourg. 

Co'burg,  a  village,  penal  establishment,  and  reforma- 
tory of  Victoria,  Australia,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Melbourne. 
Its  population  consists  of  about  650  convicts  and  1500  other 
residents. 

Co'burg  Penin'sula,  North  Australia,  is  an  irregular 
peninsula,  in  lat.  11°  22'  S.,  Ion.,  132°  10'  E.,  50  miles  in 
length  from  E.  to  W.,  by  20  miles  in  breadth,  connected  S.E. 
with  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus,  and  separated  W. 
from  Melville  Island  by  Dundas  Strait. 

Co'burn,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  30  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  3  churches,  a  planing-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Coburn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Cobuskill,  a  creek  of  New  York.    See  Cobleskill. 

Cocftes,  ko-ki'^Ns,  or  ko-ki'fiN>»s,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in 
Matto-Grosso,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Cuyaba.     Pop.  2000. 

Cocaigne,  ko^kain',  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Cocaigne  River,  11  miles  N.W.  of  She- 
diac.     Pop.  900. 

Cocal'ico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 

Cocconato,  kok-ko-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Alessandria,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2643. 

Cocentayua,  ko-thdn-ti'n&,  or  Concentaina,  kon- 
thSn-tl'ni.,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  N.  of 
Alicante.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  6600. 

Cochabamba,  ko-ch&-b&m'b&,  or  Condorillo,  kon- 
do-reel'yo,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  near  18°  S.  lat.,  flows  S.E., 
and,  after  receiving  numerous  tributaries,  assumes  the  name 
of  Rio  Grande  in  lat.  19°  42'  S.,  Ion.  64°  W. 

Cochabamba,  also  called  Oropesa,  o-ro-pi,'s&,  a 
city  of  Bolivia,  capital  of  a  province  and  a  department  of 
the  same  name,  8370  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  17°  27'  S., 
Ion.  65°  46'  W.  It  occupies  a  great  space,  the  houses  rarely 
rising  above  a  single  story,  with  gardens  intermingled  with 
them.  It  contains  the  government  house,  and  15  churches. 
The  streets  are  broad  and  in  good  condition  ;  but  the  plazas, 
or  open  squares,  being  used  as  market-places,  are  ordinarily 
littered  with  wares  and  crowded  with  Indians.  Towards  the 
borders  of  the  town  the  tile- roofed  houses,  with  large  wooden 
balconies,  disappear,  and  thatched  cabins  of  Indian  farmers 
become  numerous.  Cochabamba  is  a  bishop's  see.  The 
general  language  is  the  Quichna;  and  none  but  men  of  rank 
can  speak  good  Spanish.  Pop.  about  20,000.  The  name 
Oropksa,  given  to  Cochabamba  in  1579  by  the  Viceroy  of 
Lima,  was  never  adopted  by  the  people,  though  found  in 
maps  and  public  documents. 

Cochabamba,  a  department  of  the  republic  of  Bolivia, 
mostly  between  lat.  17°  and  19°  S.  and  Ion.  65°  and  68° 
W.,  named  from  the  river  Cochabamba,  the  head-stream  of 
the  Guapey.  Area  (official  estimate),  36,810  square  miles. 
Pop.  450,300.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as  the  granary  of 
Peru,  and  produces  cotton,  sugar,  dye-woods,  fine  timber, 
and  the  precious  metals.  Chief  cities  and  towns,  Cocha- 
bamba, Misques,  Sacaba,  and  Tapacari. 

Coche,  ko'oh^,  a  small  island  of  South  America,  in 
Venezuela,  between  the  island  Margarita  and  the  mainland. 

Coche 'co  River,  New  Hampshire,  runs  southward  in 
Strafford  co.,  and  enters  the  ^iscataqua  River  about  3  miles 
^elow  Dover,  which  is  on  the  Cocheco. 

Cochec'ton,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cocheoton  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Da- 


I 


mascus.  Pa.,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of 
Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church  and  1  'or  2  lumber-millt. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1506. 

Cochecton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Cochem,  or  Kochem,  ko'K^m,  a  town  of  Prussia,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  3113. 

Cocherel,  ko^sh§h-rSl',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Eure,  12 
miles  E.  of  Evreux. 

Coche'sett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
West  Bridgewater  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Co^cheto'pa,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co.,  Col. 

Cochetopa  Pass,  Colorado,  a  mountain-pass,  about 
25  miles  W.  of  Saguache.  Lat.  nearly  38°  8'  N.  Eleva- 
tion,  about  10,000  feet. 

Cochin,  ko'chin,  or  ko-cheen',  a  state  of  India,  tribu- 
tary  to  the  Brkish,  and  within  the  presidency  of  Madras. 
It  is  in  part  bounded  S.W.  by  the  sea,  but  a  strip  on  the 
coast,  including  the  town  of  Cochin,  is  in  British  territory, 
Lat.  9°  48'-10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  76°  5'-76°  58'  E.  Area,  1361 
square  miles.  The  country  is  generally  a  low  tract  between 
the  mountains  (Western  Ghauts)  and  the  sea.  It  is  very 
hot  and  wet.  Tea,  cotton,  cardamoms,  ginger,  and  coffee 
are  produced.  A  series  of  backwaters  or  coast-lakes  greatly 
advances  internal  communication.     Pop.  601,114. 

Cochin,  a  town  of  British  India,  on  the  Malabar  coast, 
lat.  9°  58'  5"  N.,lon.  76°  13'  55"  E.,and  on  a  narrow  strip 
of  land  between  the  sea  and  the  backwater  of  Cochin.  The 
Dutch  took  it  from  the  Portuguese  in  1663,  and  the  English 
seized  it  in  1796 ;  since  which  period  its  prosperity  has  de- 
clined. It  still  has  a  large  maritime  trade,  except  during 
the  S.W.  monsoon,  when  no  ship  can  safely  cross  its  bar.  It 
is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  more  than  half  its  people  being 
Christians,  partly  of  mixed  Portuguese  stock  and  partly 
descendants  of  the  ancient  Christians  of  Malabar.  P.  13,840, 

Cochin  China,  a  name  sometimes  applied  to  the 
kingdom  of  Annam.  French  Cochin  China,  or  Basse 
Cochin«Chine,  b&s  ko^sh&N°^-sheen',  is  a  French  de- 
pendency forming  with  Annam,  Cambodia,  and  Tonquin 
the  territory  known  as  French  Indo-China.  The  area  of 
French  Cochin-China  is  estimated  at  about  23,000  square 
miles,  and  is  divided  into  the  4  provinces  of  Saigon,  Mytbo, 
Vingh-Long,  and  Bassac.  It  is  mostly  an  alluvial  plain, 
traversed  by  the  river  Me-Kong  and  its  numerous  delta- 
arms.  About  one-sixth  of  its  area  is  cultivated.  It  is  a 
very  hot  and  wet  country,  and  for  Europeans  is  exceedingly 
unhealthy.  The  chief  products  are  rice,  silk,  eagle-wood, 
cotton,  cocoa-nuts,  sugar-cane,  tobacco,  &c.  The  total  popu- 
lation in  18S8  was  estimated  at  1,991,500,  of  which  2537 
were  French,  1,679,000  Annamites,  153,000  Cambodians, 
56,000  Chinese,  and  9600  savages,  besides  Malays  and 
Malabarians.  There  were  628  schools,  with  115  European 
and  11,083  native  teachers  and  25,397  pupils.  The  Catholie 
population  numbered  5800,  and  the  Buddhists  1,688,270. 
The  colony  has  51  miles  of  railway  and  1840  miles  of  tele- 
graph. At  Saigon,  the  capital,  are  a  military  arsenal,  a 
floating  dock,  and  a  marine  observatory.  The  French,  at 
least  by  treaty,  have  held  some  small  possessions  on  thia 
coast  since  1787.  These  possessions  have  lately  been  largely 
increased,  and  to  a  certain  extent  incorporated,  under  the 
designation  of  French  Indo-China. 

Cochit'uate,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Cochituate  Lake  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Cochituate  Lake,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  is  about  IS 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  has  an 
area  of  about  650  acres.  The  city  of  Boston  is  mainly 
supplied  with  water  which  is  conveyed  from  this  lake 
through  a  brick  conduit  to  a  grand  reservoir. 

Cochran,  kok'ran,  a  station  in  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Montgomery  k  Eufaula  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Barbour. 

Cochran,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Hawkinsville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  masonio 
lodge,  and  a  turpentine-distillery,  and  it  ships  about  3000 
bales  of  cotton  annually.     Pop.  in  1880,  836. 

Cochran,  a  post- village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  6  milei 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Lawrenceburg.  It  htts  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  car-works.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Cochran,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin. 

Cochrane,  a  post- village  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  about  6 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Alma.  It  has  a  basket-factory  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Cochran's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn., 
in  Cokato  township,  in  Mooer's  Prairie,  on  the  St.  Paul  i 
Pacific  Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 


coc 


9 1 'J 


COE 


Cochran's  MillSy  a  post-villago  of  Armstrong  cc,  Pa., 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  '6  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  and  a  common  school. 

Cochranvilley  kdk'ran-vll,  a  post-village  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  160. 

Cochranton,  kdk'r^n-t9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion 
CO.,  0.,  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Cochraiiton,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
French  Creek,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has 
an  academy,  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  barrel- 
works,  2  stove-factories,  &c.     Pop.  666. 

Cockburn  (ko'burn)  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
in  lat.  22°  12'  25"  S.,  Ion.  138°  39'  53"  W. 

Cockburn  Land,  the  designation  of  the  N.  and  W. 
portion  of  Baffin  Land,  including  Byam  Martin  Island  and 
two  peninsulas  extending  into  Lancaster  Sound. 

Cockburn  Sound,  of  West  Australia,  co.  of  Perth, 
is  in  lat.  32°  10'  S.,  Ion.  115°  40'  E.,  and  is  sheltered  west- 
ward by  Garden  Island.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles. 

Cocke,  kok,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  458  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  French  Broad  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Nolachucky.  The  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountain  extends  along 
the  southeastern  border  of  this  county,  which  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile  for 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Bast  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  which 
traverses  it  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  Capital,  Newport.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,468;  in  1880,  14,808;  in  1890,  1(),523. 

Cocken'zie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  1  mile  E.  of  Prestonpans.     Pop.  1221. 

Cock'er,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
issuing  from  Lake  Buttermere,  and  flowing  N.  into  the 
Derwent  at  Cockermouth. 

Cock'ermouth,  a  borough  of  England,  oo.  of  Cumber- 
land, at  the  confluence  of  the  Derwent  and  Cocker  Rivers, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
and  clean  and  thriving.  It  possesses  remains  of  a  castle, 
a  savings-bank,  gas-works,  library,  reading-room,  a  gram- 
mar-school, town  hall,  county  house  of  correction,  court- 
house, market-house,  almshouse,  Ac,  with  flax-  and  wool- 
len-mills, manufactures  of  hats,  tweeds,  thread,  and  hosiery, 
and  cotton-looms.    Near  it  are  large  coal-mines.    Pop.  5115. 

Cock'erwit,  a  seaport  in  the  S.AV.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Shelburne,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  setting  up  from 
the  Atlantic,  about  125  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Cocket,  a  river  of  England.     See  Coquet. 

Cockeysville,  kok'iz-vil,  a  post- village  of  Baltimore 
00.,  Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of 
Baltimore.  It  has  a  church,  a  coach-factory,  a  bank,  a 
public  school,  stone-quarries,  and  a  distillery. 

Cock'rum,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Hernando.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Code  (?),  ko'kli,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  falls  into  the  Caribbean  Sea  50 
miles  E.  of  Chagres.     Length,  75  miles. 

Coco,  or  Poolo  Coco,  poo'lo  ko'ko,  an  island  in  the 
Strait  of  Malacca,  N.E.  of  Junkceylon. 

Coco,  sometimes  called  AIanalipa,m&-n&-lee'p&,  and 
Malinipa,  mi-le-nee'pi,  an  island  in  the  Sooloo  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  E.  side  of  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Mindanao. 
Lat.  6°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  23'  E. 

Coco,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  oflf  the  S.W.  end  of 
the  Great  Natuna.     Lat  3°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  E. 

Cocoa,  ko'ko,  a  post-village  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  20 
miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  public 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Cocoa-(k5'ko)  Nut,  Kla'pa,  or  Klapp  Island,  an 
island  oflf  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Java,  on  the  W.  side  of 
Winecooper's  Bay,  about  3  miles  in  length.  Lat.  of  W. 
point,  7°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  105°  30'  E. 

Cocoa-Nut,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  is  situated  at  the  entrance  of  Byron  Bay.  Lat.  19° 
43' 9"  N.;  Ion.  155°  2' W. 

Cocoa-Nut,  an  island  in  Torres  Strait,  between  the  S. 
coast  of  New  Guinea  and  Cape  York  in  Australia.  Lat. 
10°  4' S.;  Ion.  143°  10'  E. 

Cocoa-Nut,  a  small  island  ofiF  the  S.W.  end  of  New 
Ireland,  about  lat.  4°  42'  S.,  Ion.  152°  44'  6"  E. 

Cocodrie  Bayou,  ko'ko'dree'  bi'oo,  or  Croc'odile 
Sayou,  traverses  Concordia  parish.  La.,  between  the  Oua- 
chita and  the  Mississippi,  and  is  connected  with  Red  River. 

^  Co'co  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  con- 
sisting of  Great  Coco  Island,  which  is  nearly  6  miles  in 
length,  and  Little  Coco  Island,  which  lies  about  9  miles 
•6.W.  of  the  Great  Coco.     Lat.  14°  N. 


Cocolamns,  ko^ko-law'mfis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata 
CO.,  Pa.,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  Near  here  are  3 
tanneries. 

Cocolamns  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Ju- 
niata in  Perry  co. 

Coconato,  Italy.     See  Cocconato. 

Co'cos,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  about  480  miles  S.W. 
of  Panama.     Lat.  5°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  W. 

Cocos  Islands,  Indian  Ocean.   See  Keeliho  Islahbs. 

Cocumont,  ko^kii^miN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marmandc.     Pop.  1894. 

Cod,  Cape.    See  Cape  Cod. 

Coda  di  Volpe,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Cavallo. 

Cod'dingville,  a  hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Granger 
and  Sharon  townships,  8  miles  E.  of  Medina.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  bricks,  carriages,  and  drain-tiles. 

Cod'dle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 

Codigoro,  ko-de-go'ro  (anc.  Nero'nia  ?),  a  town  of 
Italy,  23  miles  E.  of  Ferrara,  on  the  Po  di  Volano,  8  miles 
from  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  4096. 

Codinas  de  San  Feliu,  Jco-dee'nis  di  sin  fi-le-oo', 
or  San  Feliu  de  Codinas,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  30  miles  N.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Congest.    Pop.  2906. 

Codo,  ko'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Maranhao,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Codo  with  the  Itapicurii,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Caxias. 

Codogno,  ko-d6n'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lodi,  between 
the  Po  and  the  Adda.  Pop.  11,368.  It  is  well  built,  and 
has  manufactures  of  silk  stuff's.  It  is  the  principal  mart  in 
Italy  for  the  cheese  misnamed  Parmesan. 

Codorus,  York  co.,  Pa.    See  Jefferson. 

Codo'rus  Creek,  York  co.,  Pa.,  runs  northward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  city 
of  York,  which  is  on  this  creek. 

Cod'rington,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Ontario,  9  miles  N.  of  Brighton.     Pop.  150. 

Codroipo,  ko-dro-ee'po,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  4543. 

Co'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va.,  25  miles  N. 
of  Boston  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Co'dyville,  a  plantation  of  Washington  co.,  Me,    P.  62. 

Coe,  ko,  a  township  of  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     Pop.  1175. 

Coe,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1041. 

Coed-Frank,  kwfid-frank,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Glamorgan.     It  has  copper-  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  2585. 

Coed-y-Cumar,  kwM-e-kee'mar,  a  hamlet  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Brecon,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil. 

Co^el',  Ko^el',  or  Al'ighur-Co^el',  written  also 
Kowal,  ko-il',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Alighur 
district  and  of  the  Meerut  division,  80  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Delhi.  It  adjoins  the  fortress  of  Alighur,  and  has  a  great 
cotton-trade.     Pop.  in  1881,  62,461. 

CflEle- Syria,  see'le-slr'e-a,  a  fine  valley  of  Syria,  be- 
tween the  mountain-ranges  of  Lebanon  and  Anti-Lebanon. 
Length, about  100  miles;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Litany  River  (anc.  Leon'tea),  and  contains  the  towns 
of  Baalbec  and  Zahleh. 

Coelleda,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony.  See  CSlleda. 
Coepang,  Koepang,  Coopang,  or  Coupang, 
koo-ping',  a  town  and  Dutch  settlement  in  the  island  of 
Timor,  near  its  S.W.  extremity.  Lat.  10°  9'  S;  Ion.  123<» 
35'  E.  It  is  neatly  built,  in  the  Dutch  style,  and  has  a  good 
harbor.     It  is  a  free  port,  and  carries  on  an  export  trade. 

Coe  (ko)  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Olmsted,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland. 
Coeslin,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  CdsLiN. 
Coe's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Liberty  co.,  Fla. 
Coesse,  ko-es'se,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  14  miles   W.N.W.   of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  3 
churches  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  192. 

Coetivy,  ko-it-ee'vee,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
about  560  miles  N.E.  of  Madagascar.  Lat.. 7°  6'  S. ;  Ion. 
66°  30'  E.  From  the  S.W.  point  of  the  island  a  coral  reef 
extends  for  several  miles.  Another  reef  stretches  from  the 
N.  end  for  about  2^  miles. 

Coeur  d'Alene,  kuR  di-lain',  a  post-village  of  Koote- 
nai CO.,  Idaho,  22  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Hauser  Junction, 
and  27  miles  by  rail  S.  by  £.  of  Rathdrum.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  491. 

Coevorden,  koo'voR-dfn,  or  Koevorde,  koo'voB- 
d§h,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  on  the 
Kleine  Vecht,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Assen.     Pop.  2701. 

Coeymans,  kwee'manz,  or  Coeyman's  Landing) 
a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coeymans  township, 


COE 


920 


COtl 


OB  the  Hudson  River,  13  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  1^  miles 
from  Coeymans  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
ofl5ce,  a  broom-factory,  and  quarries  of  blue-stone.  Here  is 
Coeyman's  Post-OflSce.  Pop.  about  750 ;  of  the  township, 
.3669.  Coeymans  Station  is  on  the  railroad  from  Athens  to 
Schenectady,  14  miles  N.  of  Athens. 

Coeymans  Creek,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Hudson  about  14  miles  below  Albany. 

Coeymans  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Coeymans  township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Al- 
bany.    It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Coffade'lia,  a  post-ofBce  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss. 

Coffee,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  728  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by.  Pea 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  pine  forests ;  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  not  very  fer- 
tile. Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Cap- 
ital Elba.  Pop.  in  1870,  6171;  in  1880,  8119;  in  1890, 
12,170. 

Coffee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  1145  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  AUapaha  and  Satilla 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds ;  the  soil  is  sandy 
and  inferior.  Maize,  pork,  wool,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  chief  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Bruns- 
wick <fc  Albany  Railroad.  Capital,  Douglas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3192;  in  1880,  5070;  in  1890,  10,483. 

Coffee,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  360  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  sources  of 
Duck  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  McMinnville  &  Manchester  Railroad. 
Capital,  Manchester.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,237;  in  1880, 12,894; 
in  1890,  13,827. 

Coffee,  a  post-borough  of  Pierce  co.,  Qa.,  11  miles  N. 
of  Blackshear.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  naval 
stores,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Coffee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Ind.,  about  24  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Coffee  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  El  Paso  oo.,  runs 
southeastward  and  southward  in  Bent  co.,  and  enters  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  15  miles  above  Las  Animas. 

Coffee  Creek,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark. 

Coffee  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Cof  ^feen',  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Donnellson,  and  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Hillsborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  coal- 
and  copper-mines,  <fec.     Pop.  518. 

Coffee  Run,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.     See  Entrikkn. 

Coffee  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  50 
miles  S.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  2  stores. 

Coffee's  Station,  in  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  is  on  the 
Wheeling  A  Pittsburg  Railroad^  27  miles  N.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Cof  feeville,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tombigbee  River,  85  miles  N.  of  Mobile.     It  has  4  churches. 

Coffeeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yalabusha  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Grenada,  and  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oxford. 
It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  749. 

Coffeeville,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 
W.  of  Jefferson.    It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Coffey,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Neosho  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  same.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
groves,  the  former  of  which  amount  to  90  per  cent.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable  beds 
of  ooal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Burlington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6201;  in  1880,  11,438;  in  1890,  15,856.  The  ash, 
hickory,  oak,  sycamore,  and  walnut  are  found  in  this  county. 

Coffeysburg,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  in 
Salem  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Jamison,  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  210. 

Coffey's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
about  4  miles  N.  of  Fackler  Railroad  Station. 

Cof  feyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ark.,  IJ 
miles  from  Grand  Glaise  Railroad  Station. 

Coffeyville,  a  post-town  and  railroad  terminus  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Independence,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Mound  Valley.  It  has  2  banks,  8  churches,  4  newspaper 
offices,  7  hotels,  2  flour-mills,  and  an  elevator.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  763;  in  1890,  2282. 


Coffin's  Grove,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  lows. 
Pop.  954.     It  contains  Masonville. 

Coffin's  Island,  i'land,  one  of  the  Magdalen  Islands, 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  lat.  44°  3'  N.,  Ion.  64°  36'  W. 
It  is  the  largest  of  the  group,  and  is  25  miles  long. 

Coffin's  Summit,  New  York.     See  Oak  Summit. 

Cofre  de  Perote,  ko'fri  di  pi-ro'ti  (i.e.,  "chest  of 
Perote"),  a  mountain  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  1  mile 
S.  of  the  town  of  Perote.  Its  form  is  said  to  bear  a  re- 
semblance to  a  chest,  whence  its  name.    Height,  13,416  feet. 

Co'field,  a  post-village  of  Ascension  parish.  La.,  2  miles 
S.  of  Burn  side.  It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures  of 
sugar. 

Cofrentes,  ko-fr5n'tis,  a  town  of  Spain,  50  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Valencia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gabriel  and 
Jucar.     Pop.  1940. 

Co'gan  House,  a  post-township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  599. 

Cogan  Station,  orCogan  Valley,  a  post- village  of 
Lycoming  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Lycoming  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  2  wagon-shops,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

Coggeshall,  or  Great  Coggeshall,  kog'shal,  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the  Blackwater,  6  mileg 
E.S.E.  of  Braintree.  It  has  a  large  church,  an  endowed 
grammar-school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities,  with  sev- 
eral silk-mills  and  looms.     Pop.  2916. 

Coggiola,  kod-jo'lS,,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Biella,  on  the  Sessera.     Pop.  2211. 

Cog'gon,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Central  City,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Cog  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  14  miles 
S.  of  Athens.    It  has  "  churches,  flour-  and  grist-mills,  <tc. 

Cogliano,  kol-yi'no,  or  CoUiano,  kol-le-i'no  (anc. 
CoMi'num  ?),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  3768. 

Cognac,  k6n^yik'  (L.  Conacum),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Charente,  24  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Angouleme, 
on  the  Charente.  Pop.  13,811.  It  has  an  old  castle  in  which 
Francis  I.  was  born.  It  is  the  entrepSt  of  the  brandy  of 
the  Charente,  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  and  which  forma 
the  object  of  a  very  extensive  commerce. 

Cognac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  10  mile« 
W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1864. 

Cogne,  k6n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  9i  miles  S.  of  Aosta. 
Pop.  1574. 

Cogoleto,  ko-go-li'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Genoa.  It  is  celebrated  as  the  birthplace  of 
Christopher  Columbus.     Pop.  2486. 

Cogorno,  ko-gon'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  4037. 

Cohahuila,  or  Coahuila,  ko-&-wee'l&,  a  state  of 
Mexico,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte 
(which  separates  it  from  Texas),  E.  by  Nuevo  Leon,  S.  by 
Zacatecas,  and  W.  by  Chihuahua  and  Durango ;  between  lat. 
24°  17'  and  30°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  100°  and  104°  W.  Length, 
390  miles;  greatest  breadth,  270  miles.  Area,  50,889 
square  miles.  The  southern  districts  are  chiefly  pasture- 
ground  ;  the  northern  parts  present  a  broken  and  hilly  sur- 
face, and  the  western  portion  is  occupied  by  a  desert  called 
the  Bolson  de  Mapimi.  There  are  several  silver-mines  in 
this  state,  and  horses,  mules,  and  wool  are  exported.     The 

Srincipal  towns  are  Saltillo,  the  capital,  Monclova,  or 
[ontelovez  (formerly  sometimes  called  Cohahuila),  Piedras 
Negras,  Santa  Rosa,  and  Parras.  The  Mexican  Interna- 
tional Railroad  and  the  Mexican  National  Railroad  trav- 
erse this  state.     Estimated  pop.  (1890)  150,622. 

Cohansey,  ko-han'ze,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  oo., 
N.J.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  several 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cohansey  Creek,  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Salem  co.,  and,  flowing  first  southerly  and  then 
westerly,  falls  into  Delaware  Bay  in  Cumberland  co.  It  i» 
navigable  for  large  brigs,  7  or  8  miles,  to  Greenwich,  and 
for  vessels  of  80  tons  to  Bridgeton,  about  20  miles. 

Cohas'set,  a  post-village,  summer  resort,  and  water- 
ing-place of  Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in 
Cohasset  township,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches  and  a  savings- 
bank.  This  township  is  detached  from  the  rest  of  the 
county.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2448. 

Cohasset  Narrows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  oo., . 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  54  mWes  S.E.  of  Boston,  I 
at  the  junction  of  the  Woods  HoU  Branch  Railroad.  ' 

Cohasset  Rocks,  Massachusetts.  See  Minc's  Lkdcb. 


COH 


921 


COL 


Cohoc'tah)  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Livingston 
90.,  Mich.,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  The  township 
has  3  churches  and  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1144. 
The  hamlet  is  also  called  Springtown. 

Cohoc'ton,  or  Conhoc'ton,  a  post-township  of  Steu- 
ben CO.,  N.Y.,  drained  by  Conhooton  River.     Pop.  3444. 

CohoctoU)  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y,,  16  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Bath.  It  has  five  churches,  a  graded  school, 
an  opera-house,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  2  cigar-factories,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  1000. 
Cohocton  River,  New  York.  See  Conhooton. 
CohoeSy  ko-h6z',  a  city  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  is  situated 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mohawk,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  & 
Hudson  River  and  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company 
Railroads,  9  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  3  miles  above  Troy. 
It  contains  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  large  graded 
flohool,  2  Catholic  academies,  2  banks,  and  several  hotels. 
Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  (1  in  French)  are  pub- 
lished hero.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  mainly  from  its 
manufactures,  which  are  very  extensive.  Here  are  6  large 
cotton-mills,  owned  and  operated  by  the  Harmony  Com- 
pany ;  also  about  40  knitting-mills,  in  which  woollen  and 
ootton  knit  goods  of  various  kinds  are  made,  several 
axe-factories,  foundries,  machine-shops,  a  paper-mill,  a 
bobbin-factory,  box-factories,  a  gas-,  steam-,  and  water- 
pipe  factory,  a  knitting-needle  factory,  a  brewery,  and 
other  mills.  The  Mohawk  here  descends  about  100  feet, 
affording  abundant  water-power.  Cohoes  is  'rapidly  in- 
creasing. Pop.  in  1860,  8799;  in  1870,  16,357;  in  1880, 
19,416;  in  1890,  22,509. 

Cohoes  Falls,  New  York,  a  cataract  of  the  Mohawk 
River,  which  here  descends  about  70  feet  by  a  perpendicu- 
I  Jfx  fall.     It  is  nearly  3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
l^d  10  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

BCohoke,  ko-h5k',  a  station  in  King  William  oo.,  Va., 
^^P  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Richmond. 

B  Co^hoon',  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
'  ^Bti  A  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Batavia. 

Cohnt'ta,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  co.,  N.Y.,  13 
miles  by  rail  N,  of  Dalton.     It  has  2  churches. 

(•Cohutta  Spriags,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  on 
te  Connasauga  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Red  Clay  Station. 
Coiba  Island,  South  America.     See  QniBO. 
Coila,  koy'la,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Carrolton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Coila,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
Jrom  Cambridge  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Jbany.  It  has  about  30  houses,  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 
fCoimbatoor,  koim^ba-toor',  or  Coim^batore',  a 
>wn  of  India,  capital  of  the  district,  is  on  the  Madras- 
Beypoor  Railway.  Lat.  10°  59'  41"  N. ;  Ion.  76°  59'  46" 
E.  This  was  an  important  military  post  under  the  Sultan 
Tippoo,     Pop.  35,310. 

Coimbatoor,  a  district  of  the  Madras  presidency, 
British  India,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Cavery  River. 
Lat.  10°  45'-ll°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  50'-78°  10'  E.  Area,  7432 
square  miles.  It  is  mainly  an  exceedingly  fertile  plain,  pro- 
ducing most  of  the  East  Indian  crops  in  abundance.  Capi- 
tal, Coimbatoor.     Pop.  1,850,000. 

Coimbra,  ko-eem'bri  (anc.  Conim'briga),  a  city  of 
Portugal,  capital  of  Beira,  on  the  Mondego,  110  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.  Pop.  18,147.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  is  highly  picturesque,  but  ill  built.  Its  uni- 
versity, the  only  one  in  Portugal,  consists  of  18  colleges, 
attended  now  by  about  900  students,  and  has  a  library  of 
80,000  volumes,  with  extensive  museums,  an  observatory, 
Ac.  The  city  has  also  a  botanic  garden,  a  cathedral,  some 
fine  churches,  and  many  convents,  and  around  it  are  numer- 
ous detached  residences,  including  the  quinta  das  lagrimaa, 
or  "  villa  of  tears,"  the  scene  of  the  death  of  Inez  de  Castro. 
It  has  manufactures  of  earthenwares,  linen  and  woollen 
fabrics,  and  willow  toothpicks. '^.Coimbra  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Coin,  ko-een',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  21  miles 
W.  of  Malaga.  The  hoUses  are  tolerably  well  built,  and  the 
town  possesses  numerous  spacious  streets  and  squares.  It 
has  2  churches,  chapels,  convents,  schools,  a  town  hall, 
prison,  cemetery,  and  several  public  walks  and  gardens 
adorned  with  fruit  trees,  flowers,  and  fountains.  In  the 
neighboring  hills  quarries  of  marble  are  wrought  and 
jasper  of  all  colors  is  obtained.    Pop.  9300. 

Coin,  a  post-town  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Clarinda.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Coire,  the  capital  town  of  Orisons.     See  Chur. 

Coise,  kwiz,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  12  miles 
6.E.  of  Chamb6ry.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1602. 
69 


Coits,  a  station  in  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Short 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Coits'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.,  in  Coits- 
ville  township,  2  miles  from  Struthers  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  6  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  2  ohurchea 
and  a  tannery.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Ashta- 
bula, Youngstown  A  Pittsburg  Railroad.     Pop.  1161. 

Cojedes,  ko-ni'dSs,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  in  Zamora, 
on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Valencia. 

Cojedes,  Kio,  ree'o  ko-Hi'd5s,  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
rises  in  the  northern  part  of  Zamora,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins 
the  Portuguesa,  an  affluent  of  the  Apure. 

Cojutepeque,ko-Hoo-tA-pi'ki,a  town  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, in  Salvador,  15  miles  S.  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  5000. 

Cojntepeqne,  or  Illabasco,  eel-y&-b&s'ko,  a  lake 
of  Central  America,  in  Salvador,  a  few  leagues  distant 
from  the  above,  is  12  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  with 
an  average  breadth  of  5  miles. 

Cok^ato',  a  post  village  of  Wright  CO.,  Minn.,  11  milea 
by  rail  E.  of  Darwin,  and  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  3  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  feed-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  363. 

Cokato  Lake,  former  name  ofCocHRAN's Mills,  Minn. 

Coke,  kok,  a  post-village  of  Wood  oo.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Quitman. 

Co'ker  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  18  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Madisonville. 

Cokedale,  k5k'dal,  a  post-village  of  Park  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Livingston.  It  has  church 
organizations  and  manufactures  of  coke.     Pop.  284. 

Cokeland,  k5k'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co^ 
Md.,  15  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  2  or  3 
general  stores. 

Cokesbnry,  kQks'b^r-re,  a  hamlet  in  Hunterdon  oo., 
N.J.,  14  miles  N.  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church. 

Cokesbury,  kSks'b^r-re,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville 
CO.,  S.C.,  in  Cokesbury  township,  2  miles  from  the  Green- 
ville A  Columbia  Railroad,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia, 
and  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Abbeville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  masonic  female  college,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  700 ;  of 
the  township,  2179.  From  Cokesbury  Railroad  Station  ex- 
tends the  Abbeville  Branch  Railroad,  12  miles  in  length. 

Coke's  Peak,  Texas.    See  Mount  Coke. 

Coketon,  kok't9n,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Cokeville,  kSk'vil,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Derry  township,  on  the  Conemaugh  River,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Indiana  Branch),  about  32  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  large  coke- 
works  (200  ovens).     Pop.  about  500. 

Cokeville,  a  post-office  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming. 

Col  {i.e.,  "  a  neck"),  the  name  of  many  passes  across  the 
Alps  of  Savoy  and  Piedmont,  some  of  the  principal  being 
the  following : — Col  db  Balue,  Col  de  Ferret,  Col  de  la 
Seigne,  Col  de  Tend  a,  Col  du  Bonhomme,  Ac.  (which  see). 

Colab'ba,  a  narrow  promontory  in  British  India,  im- 
mediately S.  of  the  island  of  Bombay,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  causeway.  Here  are  a  light-house  and  canton- 
ments for  British  troops.    See  also  Kolabah. 

CoMac',  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  Polwarth  oo^ 
on  Lake  Colac,  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Geelong.  Pop.  1474. 
The  lake  is  fresli,  and  has  an  area  of  10  square  miles. 

CoMair',  a  lake  of  India,  in  Masulipatam,  5  miles  E. 
of  EUore.  Lat.  16°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  22'  E.  It  is  about  22 
miles  long,  and  from  7  to  12  miles  broad,  and  is  formed 
chiefly  by  the  overflowing  of  the  Kistnah  and  Godavery. 
By  the  river  Ooputnair  the  lake  communicates  with  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  distant  about  20  miles. 

Colamo'ka  (orKolemo'kee)  Creek,  Georgia,  runs 
westward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Clay  and  Early  cos., 
and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  River. 

CoMan',  a  post-office  of  Saunders  oo..  Neb. 

Col  apis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Kulpa. 

Colapoor,  or  Kolapur,  koP^-poor',  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  and  20  miles  W.  of  Amrawutti.  Pop.  6169. 
See  also  Kolapoor. 

Colar',  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  40  milea  N.E.  of 
Bangalore. 

Col'berg,  or  Kol'berg  (Ger.  pron.  kol'binG),  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  25  miles  W.  of  Coslin,  on  the 
Persante,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic.  It  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus. It  has  a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  numerouj 
strong  fortifications,  hospitals,  an  ancient  ducal  castle,  now 
used  for  a  charitable  foundation,  a  house  of  correction,  » 
harbor,  woollen-factories,  distilleries,  extensive  salt-workfl, 
salmon-  and  lamprey-fisheries,  and  a  considerable  expoi^ 
trade.     Pop.  13.537. 


COL 


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Colbert)  kSl'b^rt,  a  county  in  the  N,W.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  556  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Bear  Creek.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad  system,  which 
passes  through  Tuscumbia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,537;  in  1880,  16,153;  in  1890,  20,189. 

Colbert)  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Col'borne)  or  Cram^ahe',  a  village  of  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  85  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  several  stores,  grist-,  saw-,  and  planing- 
mills,  2  tanneries,  an  iron-foundry,  3  cabinet-factories,  a 
printing-oflSce,  and  several  hotels.  Colborne  is  a  port  of 
entry  (called  Cramahe).     Pop.  823. 

CoIbnrU)  kol'bum,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  •hurches,  a  chair-factory, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  250. 

Colby,  kol'be,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Thomas  co., 
Kansas,  35  miles  by  rai:  E.  of  Goodland.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  flour-  and  feed- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  516. 

Colby,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Sid- 
ney township,  2  miles  by  rail  (direct)  S.  of  Stanton.  It 
has  about  40  houses. 

Colby,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  in  Colby  town- 
ship, on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  216  miles  N.W. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  high  school,  a  weekly  news- 
paper office,  2  saw-mills,  a  fanning-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  soda-water  and  health  bitters.     Pop.  500. 

Colchagna,  kol-chS.'gw&,  a  province  of  Chili,  extend- 
ing from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific,  bounded  N.  by  Santiago 
and  S.  by  Curico.  Area,  3780  square  miles.  Chief  indus- 
tries, stock-raising  and  mining.  Capital,  San  Fernando. 
Pop.  in  1890.  158,332. 

Colchester,  kol'ch^s-t^r  (ano.  Camalodu'num  t),  a  bor- 
ough of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the  Colne,  at  a  railway 
junction,  61  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  is  well  built  on 
the  sides  and  summit  of  an  eminence,  where  remain  its 
ancient  Roman  walls,  many  antiquated  dwellings,  imposing 
remains  of  a  castle  of  great  strength,  parts  of  which  are 
now  used  for  the  town  library  and  a  prison,  interesting  relics 
of  an  abbey  and  a  priory,  an  ancient  chapel,  and  8  parish 
churches,  several  of  which  are  very  antique  structures.  Its 
free  grammar-school  has  scholarships  at  Cambridge.  The 
town  possesses  also  well-endowed  hospitals  for  the  poor,  a 
general  hospital,  an  asylum  for  the  feeble-minded,  various 
money  charities,  a  workhouse,  fine  town  hall,  county  house 
of  correction,  neat  theatre,  barracks,  several  literary  and 
scientific  associations,  a  custom-house,  a  large  market-house, 
warehouses,  and  a  quay  approached  by  vessels  of  150  tons. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  lime,  flour,  castings,  vinegar, 
and  cordage ;  also  some  malting  trade,  and  thriving  oyster- 
fisheries.  Colchester  was  one  of  the  earliest  Roman  stations 
in  Britain ;  and  many  coins  and  antiquities  have  been  found 
in  it.     It  was  also  a  Saxon  town  of  note.    P.  (1891)  34,559. 

Colchester,  kol'ch^s-t^r,  a  post-borough  of  New  Lon- 
don CO.,  Conn.,  in  Colchester  township,  about  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Hartford,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Norwich.  It  is  3  miles 
from  the  Air-Line  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Colchester  Railroad,  extending  to  Turnerville.  It  con- 
tains the  Bacon  Academy,  which  is  liberally  endowed,  and 
5  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  india-rubber  goods,  cra- 
dles, wheels,  and  spokes.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2988.  The 
township  contains  a  hamlet  named  Westchester. 

Colchester,  a  post- village  of  McDonough  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  63  miles  N.E. 
of  Quincy,  and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macomb.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  with  manufactures 
of  stoneware,  fire-,  paving-,  and  building-brick,  and  sewer 
pipe  and  tile.  About  100,000  tons  of  coal  are  mined  here 
yearly.     Pop.  in  1890,  1643. 

Colchester,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  N.T., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather 
and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  2973. 

Colchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Colchester  township,  1  mile  from  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, and  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  Colchester 
Station  is  20  miles  S.  of  St.  Albans.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  contains  a 
village  named  Winooski  Falls,  which  is  on  the  Winooski 


1 


River.     It  has  a  bank  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  wooL 
flour,  Ac.     Pop.  5143. 

Colchester,  kol'ch^s-t^r,  a  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Minas  and  Cobequid  Bays,^ 
with  a  narrow  strip  extending  W.  along  Minas  (Manuel  to 
the  Bay  of  Fundy.  It  is  crossed  by  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way.   Area,  1300  square  miles.     Capital,  Truro.    P.  23,331. 

Colchester,  or  Sack'ville,  a  post- village  in  Essex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Amherstburg.     Pop.  200. 

Colchis,  kol'kis  (Gr.  KoKxi^),  an  ancient  division  of 
Asia,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Black  Sea,  once  noted  for  its  gold- 
and  silver-mines.  It  was  in  the  fifteenth  century  subdivided 
into  the  principalities  of  Imeritia,  Mingrelia,  and  Gooriel, 

and  is  now  comprised  in  Russian  Transcaucasia. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Colchiax,  kol'ke-an. 

Col  d'Argenti^re,  kol  daR^zhfiNoHe-ain',  a  pass  of  the 
Maritime  Alps,  on  the  road  from  Barcelonnette  to  Coni,^ 
7200  feet  above  sea-level.     Lat.  44°  27'  N, ;  Ion.  6°  55'  E. 

Cold  Brook,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1256.     It  contains  part  of  Cameron. 

Cold  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Russia  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese-box-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  170. 

Cold'brook,  or  Jack'son's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Cornwallis  River,  30  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Windsor.     Pop.  150. 

Cold  Brook  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Oakham  township,  on  Ware  River,  and  on  the  War» 
River  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  min- 
eral springs,  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  agri- 
cultural tools,  &c. 

Cold  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &,  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Cold  Creek,  or  Hume,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hume  township,  on  Cold  Creek,  20  miles  S. 
of  Warsaw,  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portageville.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  264.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Hume. 

Cold  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Col  de  Balme,  kol  d^h  b&lm,  a  pass  of  the  Alps,  a 
part  of  the  limit  between  France  and  Switzerland,  7218  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  pass  is  much  frequented,, 
and  has  a  refuge  for  travellers. 

Col  de  Ferret,  kol  d^h  fin^Ri',  a  pass  of  the  Pennine 
Alps,  from  the  town  of  OrsiSres  in  Switzerland,  on  the  N., 
to  that  of  Courmayeur  in  Italy,  on  the  S., — the  ascent  from 
the  former  direction  being  made  by  the  Val  d'Entremont, 
and  that  from  the  latter  by  the  Val  de  Ferret,  a  continua- 
tion of  the  Allde  Blanche.  From  the  Col,  which  has  a 
height  of  7641  feet,  the  view  is  magnificent. 

Col  de  la  Seigne,  kol  d^h  1&  s£n,  leads  from  Savoy 
into  the  Val  d'Aosta,  in  Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mont 
Blanc.     Height,  8422  feet. 

Colden,  kol'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Cazenove  Creek,  22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2 
church  organizations,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a  char- 
coal-works, 2  cheese-factories,  &c.     Pop.  400. 

Coldenham,  kol'd§n-ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3i  miles  from  Walden  Station,  and  8  miles  W.  of 
Newburg. 

Col  de  Tenda,  kol  d^h  tdn'di,  or  Col  de  Tende^ 
kol  d§h  t6Nd,  a  pass  in  the  Maritime  Alps,  a  little  W.  of 
the  point  where  they  become  linked  with  the  Apennines, 
on  the  frontiers  of  France  and  Italy.  Height,  6160  feet 
above  sea-level.  It  is  traversed  by  an  excellent  carriage- 
road.  The  summit  is  enclosed  by  higher  mountains  on  all 
sides  except  the  S.,  in  which  direction  the  Mediterranean 
may  be  seen. 

Cold  Har'bor,  a  locality  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  about  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  the  Chicka- 
hominy  Creek.  A  severe  and  indecisive  battle  was  fought 
here  between  General  Grant  and  General  Lee,  June  3, 1864. 
On  and  near  the  same  ground  occurred  the  battle  of  Gaines' 
Mill,  June  27,  1862. 

Colding,  a  tovm  of  Denmark.     See  Koldins. 

Cold'ingham,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwicn, 
2i  miles  N.  of  Eyemouth.  In  the  village  are  the  remains 
of  a  famous  priory,  and  about  2  miles  N.E.  is  Fast  Castle, 
the  Wolf's  Crag  of  "  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor."    Pop.  647. 

Colditz,  or  Kolditz,  kol'dits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  25 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde,  with  manufac- 
tures of  stockings,  linens,  felt,  and  earthenwares.    Pop.  4092, 

Cold  Point,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  tht 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Germantown  &  Norristown  Rail- 
road, 4^  miles  E.  of  Conshohocken. 


COL 


923 


COL 


Cold  River,  a  station  in  Walpole  township,  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  near  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Cheshire 
Bailroad,  li  miles  S.E.  of  Bellows  Falls. 

Cold  Run,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wilming- 
ton &  Reading  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Reading. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati, 
0.     It  has  several  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  about 

10  miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  800. 
Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 

about  2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Graniteville.     The  name  of  the 
station  is  Westford. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  16 

les  by  rail  S.W.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  has  a  church.     P.  600. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.,  on 
sh  Creek,  15  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Ava.     It  has  a  flour- 
1  and  several  general  stores. 
old  Spring,  a  post-ofSce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
about  4  miles  N.  of  Cape  May.  It  is  li  miles  from  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cold  Spring,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
traversed  by  the  main  line  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  contains 
Steamburg,  and  has  lumber  manufactures,  Ac.     Pop.  924. 

Cold  Spring,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.    See  Bristol  Springs. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
beautifully  situated  among  the  Highlands,  in  Phillipstown 
township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  1  mile  above  West  Point,  and  52  miles 
N.  of  New  York.  It  has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and 
a  large  iron-foundry,  in  which  about  450  men  are  employed. 
Connected  with  this  establishment  are  several  cupola-fur- 
naces, a  gun-foundry,  2  boring-mills,  <fcc.     P.  about  2500. 

Cold  Spring,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Bath  &  Hammondsport  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E. 

Bath.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 
old  Spring,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 

ielphia  &  Trenton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bristol. 

~^old  Spring,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  80. 
Spring  Station  is  on  the  Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna 

ilroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
_  Cold  Spring,  a  post-ofl&ce  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Honesdale. 

Cold  Spring,  a  station  on  the  Hanover  &  Gettysburg 
Iroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Hanover  Junction,  Pa. 
old  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post- village,  capital  of  San  Jacinto  co., 
Tex.,  about  64  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Houston,  20  miles  E.  of 
Dodge  Railroad  Station,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Trinity  River. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Hillsville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Cold  Spring  township,  on  Bark  River,  about  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Janesville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  734. 

Cold  Spring  Harbor,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound,  in  Huntington 
township,  3  miles  N.  of  Cold  Spring  Station,  on  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  and  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  has  public  schools  and  3  churches,  oyster-planting  and 
the  marketing  of  oysters  and  clams  being  the  chief  industry. 
It  is  now  a  favorite  summer  resort,  and  was  formerly  the 
seat  of  the  whale-fishery.     Pop.  700. 

Cold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Alturas  co.,  Idaho. 

Cold  Springs,atownshipof  Kalkaska  CO.,  Mich.  P.61. 

Cold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss. 

Cold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Cold  Springs,  a  post- village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Ontario,  7  miles  from  Cobourg.     Pop.  200. 

Cold'stream  (formerly  Lennel,  or  Leinhall),  a 
town  of  Scotland,  county  and  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ber- 
wick, on  the  Tweed,  here  crossed  by  a  five-arched  bridge. 
Pop.  1724.  "  The  Coldstream  Guards"  were  so  named  from 
having  been  raised  here  by  General  Monk,  in  1659-60. 

Cold  Stream,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Cold'stream,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo..  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Coldstream  and 
Becaguimec,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  2 
stores,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Coldstream,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 

11  miles  from  Strathroy.     Pop.  100. 

Col  du  Bonhomme,  kol  dU  bo^nomm',  in  theGraian 
Alps,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Mont  Blanc.     Height,  8054  feet. 
Col  du  Julier«  kol  dii  zhUMe-&',  one  of  the  principal 


IVc 


passes  in  the  Swiss  Alps,  canton  of  Grisons,  near  the  sources 
of  the  Inn,  7558  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  waa 
known  to  the  Romans,  and  was  long  the  chief  route  between 
Venice,  Switzerland,  Germany,  and  France. 

Cold'water,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa. 

Coldwater,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Comanche  co., 
Kansas,  25  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  480. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  18 
miles  E.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Coldwater,  a  city,  capital  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  is  on 
a  stream  of  the  same  name,  in  Coldwater  township,  and  on 
the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  55  miles  W. 
of  Adrian,  156  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  and  about  60  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Lansing.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  7  churches,  3  foundries,  3  flouring-mills,  a 
high  school,  gas-works,  electric-light  works,  the  Lewis  Art 
Gallery  (private),  a  public  school  which  was  founded  by  the 
state  and  cost  $186,300,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
farming-implements,  leather,  furniture,  staves,  heading, 
cigars,  <kc.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1861.     Pop.  5247. 

Coldwater,  a  post-village  of  Tate  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Coldwater  River  and  the  Mississippi  <t  Tennessee  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Mo. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Gates  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Celina.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  hoop-  and  stave-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-village  of  Sherman  oo.,  Tex.,  66 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tascosa. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-officaof  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va. 

Coldwater,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  near 
Gloucester  Bay,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Orillia.  It  contains  saw- 
and -grist-mills,  3  hotels,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Coldwater,  a  small  river  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Coldwater. 

Coldwater  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marshall  co  , 
runs  southwestward  through  De  Soto  and  Tate  cos.  and 
southward  in  Tunica  co.,  and  enters  the  Tallahatchee  River 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Sardis.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Cold  Well,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Cold'well's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky. 

Cole,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Missouri,  has  au 
area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Missouri  River  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Osage 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  Moreau  Creek.  The  surface 
is  hilly  or  broken,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak  ;  the  soil  of  the  river-bottoms 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  coal  and 
limestone  (Lower  Silurian).  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Jefferson  City,  the  capital  of  the 
state.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,292;  in  1880,  15,515;  in  1890, 
17,281. 

Cole,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  865. 

Cole'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Colebrook  township  (which  is  traversed  by  the  Connecticut 
Western  Railroad),  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Winsted.  The  town- 
ship has  4  churches  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  1141. 

Colebrook,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  35  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Lancaster.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
bobbins,  spools,  lumber,  and  starch.  Pop.  of  Colebrook 
township  in  1890,  1736. 

Colebrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  oo.,  0.,  in 
Colebrook  township,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Jefferson.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  2  cheese-factories.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  800. 

Colebrook,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.    Pop.  332. 

Colebrook,  a  post-office  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 

Colebrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  oo..  Wis.,  in 
Mount  Morris  township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  • 
woollen-mill. 

Colebrook,  New  Brunswick.    See  Grand  Falia 

Colebrook,  Quebec.    See  Grande  Ligne. 

Colebrook,  a  post-village  in  Addington  oo.,  Ontario 


OOL 


924 


COL 


on  the  Napanee  River,  23  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  con- 
tains several  stores  and  hotels,  saw-  and  grist-mills^  and  a 
potash-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Cole'brookdale,  or  Coal'brookdale,  a  hamlet  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  a  railway,  2  miles  N.  of  Broseley, 
on  the  Severn.  Pop.  1674,  engaged  in  collieries,  foundries, 
and  fire-brick  and  tobacco-pipe  manufactories. 

Cole'brookdale,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Colebrookdale  township,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It 
is  on  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Pottstown. 
Boyertown  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  township,  1660. 

Cole'brook  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Winsted. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton  duck. 

Cole  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles 
S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Cole  City,  a  post- village  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Chattanooga  Tenn.,  and  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Trenton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  large  coke- 
ovens,  and  coal-mines.  The  main  branch  of  the  state 
penitentiary  is  situated  here.     Pop.  360. 

Cole'dale,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  111.,  4  miles  N.  of 
Viola. 

Cole'ford,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Gloacester,  on  a 
railway,  4  miles  E.  of  Monmouth.     Pop.  2718. 

Cole'grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
McKean  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Smethport. 

Cole  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Tor  Bay,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Guysborough.     P.  100. 

Cole  Hill,  a  township  of-  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.    P.  710. 

Colehour,  kol-e-6wr',  a  post- village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in 
Hyde  Park  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  and  Michigan  Southern  Railroads,  14  miles  S. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches,  2  hotels,  2  foundries,  a 
newspaper  ofBce,  and  a  steel-mill.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Coleman,  kol'man,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1290  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Colorado  River.  The  surface  is  ele- 
vated ;  the  soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle,  the 
staple  product  of  the  county.  Capital,  Coleman.  Pop.  in 
1870,  347;  in  1880,  3603;  in  1890,  6112. 

Coleman,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Cuthbert.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  211. 

Coleman,  a  post-village  of  Midland  oo.,  Mich.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Midland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofiSce,  a  lumber-mill,  and  2  shingle-mills. 

Coleman,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss. 

Coleman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coleman  co.,  Tex., 
about  155  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  The  wealth  of  the  people 
here  consists  mainly  in  cattle  and  sheep.     Pop.  about  300. 

Coleman's,  a  station  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  North 
Carolina  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Coleman's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Coleman's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  2243. 

Colemansville,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Licking  River,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Lex- 
ington.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  77. 

Colemanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
about  65  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  iron-works. 

Colemanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va., 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Farmville. 

Colerain,  kol-rain',  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
St.  Mary's  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Callahan,  Fla. 

Colerain,  or  Colrain,  kol-rain',  a  post-village  of 
Franklin  co..  Mass.,  in  Colerain  township,  6  miles  N.  of 
Shelburne  Falls.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods  at  Griswoldville  and  Shattuck- 
ville,  and  of  wooden-wares  at  Elm  Grove  and  Adamsville. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1699. 

Colerain,  a  post-village  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Chowan  River  (here  3  miles  wide),  and  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  2  churches,  2  seminaries 
or  high  schools,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements. 
Many  shad  and  herring  are  caught  here.  Pop.  about  300 ; 
of  Colerain  township,  1968. 

Colerain,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in 
Colerain  township,  about  10  miles  N. N.W.  of  Bellaire.  The 
township  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1308. 

Colerain,  a  township  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  3689. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Georgetown. 

Colerain,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  1636.  It 
contains  Hallsville,  Adelphi,  and  Economy. 

Colerain,  a  township  of  Bedford  co,,  Pa.  Pop.  1204. 
It  contains  Charlesville,  a  post- village,  and  Rainsburg. 


Colerain,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about 
48  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  drained  by  Octorara  Creek. 
Pop.  1655.    Colerain  Post-OfBce  is  at  a  hamlet  called  Union. 

Colerain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  12  miles  W. 
of  Union  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Coleraine,  kol-rain',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  London- 
derry, on  two  railways,  and  on  the  Bann,  4  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  large 
parish  church,  an  elegant  Catholic  chapel,  endowed  and 
other  schools,  a  town  hall,  a  court-house,  custom-house, 
workhouse,  market-houses,  a  bank,  and  remains  of  old  forti- 
fications. Here  are  paper-mills,  tanneries,  bleach-groundB, 
and  salmon-  and  eel-fisheries.     Pop.  6082. 

Coleraine,  kol-rain',  a  mining  locality  in  Luzerne  co., 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Audenried.     Here  coal  is  obtained. 

Coleraine,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles 
from  Klineburg.     Pop.  200. 

Coleraine  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  iron-forge  or  furnace. 

Coleridge,  ksl'rij,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co., 
Ontario,  13  miles  from  Orangeville.     Pop.  200. 

CoPeroon',  the  northernmost  and  largest  branch  of 
the  Cavery  River,  British  India,  at  its  delta,  enters  the 
Indian  Ocean  at  Devicotta,  24  miles  N.  of  Tranquebar, 
after  having  formed  for  80  miles  the  division  between  the 
Madras  districts  of  Tanjore  and  Trichinopoly. 

Coles,  kSlz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Embarras  and  Kaskaskia  Rivers,  and  by  the  Chicago  Branch 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Indianapolis  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  The  Grayville  &  Mattoon  Railroad  ter- 
minates in  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  staple  products.  The  greater  part  of  the  county  is 
prairie,  but  it  is  well  supplied  with  timber.  Capital,  Charles- 
ton.    Pop.  in  1870,  25,235 ;  in  1880,  27,042  ;  in  1890,  30,39a 

Cole's,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.    See  Cole's  Summit. 

Colesbnrg,  kSlz^burg,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Colony  township,  about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Du- 
buque. It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  flour« 
mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  350. 

Colesburg,  a  village  in  Hardin  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  district  school.     Pop.  400. 

Colesbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Coudersport.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Cole's  (kolz)  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky., 
53  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Cole's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss. 

Cole's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Bloomsburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Cole's  Creek,  Ontario.    See  Frankford. 

CoIe^s  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  ou 
the  Staunton  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Roanoke  Station. 

Coleshill,  kSlz'hil,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick, 
on  the  Cole,  14i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Coventry.  It  8tand« 
on  an  eminence,  and  is  handsomely  built.     Pop.  1969. 

Coleshill,  a  hamlet  of  England,  cos.  of  Herts  and 
Bucks,  li  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amersham.     Pop.  533. 

Cole's  (kolz)  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  25  milea 
E.  of  Talladega.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cole's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles 
from  Williamstown.     It  has  a  cranberry-bog. 

Cole's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  22 
miles  from  Egypt. 

Cole's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Kent  township,  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  haa  a 
flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Col^esse'ah,  or  ColUesse'ah,  a  seaport  village  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Socotra. 

Cole's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Illinois  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Mattoon.     Here  are  2  or  3  stores. 

Cole's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.U. 

Cole's  Sum'mit,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
is  at  Cole's  Station  on  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  24^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Union  Junction. 

Colestown,  kolz'tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
in  Delaware  township,  7  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cole's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Umpqua  River. 

Colesville,  kSlz'vXl,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ky 

Colesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Md..  12 
miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.G.     It  has  2  sioree,. 


OOL 


925 


COL 


Colesvillet  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  oo.,  N.J.,  aboat  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.     It  has  2  etores. 

Colesville,  a  township  of  Broome  oo.,  N.Y.     Pop.  3327. 

Coleta^  ko-le't&,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Coleta,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  oo.,  111.,  in  Gene- 
see township,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Morrison.  It  has  3  churohes, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Colet'to  Creek)  Texas,  rises  in  De  Witt  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Gaudalupe  River  about  7 
miles  S.  of  Victoria. 

Colet'toville,  a  hamlet  of  Victoria  oo.,  Tex.,  on  Colette 
Creek,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria.  Here  is  a  German  settle- 
ment of  farmers. 

Coleville,  k5l'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mono  co.,  Cal.,  22 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  a  church  and  dis- 
trict schools.     Pop.  100. 

Coleville,  a  post-office  of  Bates  co..  Mo. 

Coleville,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 

Coley's,  ko'ldz,  a  station  in  Pulaski  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Macon. 

ColfaX)  kol'fax,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  intersected  by  Maple  and 
Shell  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  prairie,  in 
which  timber  is  scarce;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  The  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  passes  along  the  S.  border  of  this  county;  Capi- 
tal, Schuyler.  Pop.  in  1870, 1424;  in  1880,  6588;  in  1890, 
10,453. 

Colfax,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  New 
Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  6600  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Canadian  River  and  Vermejo  Creek.  The 
W.  boundary  of  this  county  passes  along  or  near  the  sum- 
mit of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile, 
and  produces  grass,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats.  The 
riches  of  the  inhabitants  consist  mainly  in  cattle  and  sheep. 
Capital,  Springer.  Pop.  in  1870,  1992;  in  1880,  3398;  in 
1890,  7974. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Nevada  County 
Railroad,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.  Colfax  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  670. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  21  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  tile-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  900. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  the  Terre  Haute 
A  Indianapolis  Railroads,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette,  and 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  and  manu- 
factures of  saws  and  corn-huskers.     Pop.  in  1890,  730. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  560. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  666. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  622. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  New- 
ton.    It  has   2  churches,  2   banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  3 
mineral-water  bottling-works,  and  a  public  school.     P.  957. 
IMfColfax,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  519. 
I^^olfax,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  240. 
iHDolfax,  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     See  Mormontown. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  179. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  about 
18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  300. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  415. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  683. 

Colfax,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Grant  parish.  La.,  on 
Red  River,  about  25  miles  above  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  college,  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
sugar  and  molasses,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  180. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  79. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  150. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Mecosta  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  263. 
It  contains  Byers  Station. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  76. 

Colfax,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  24 
miles  from  Willmar.     Pop.  339. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  584. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  796. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  964. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  N.D.,  19  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Wahpeton.     Pop.  100. 

Colfax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Pleasant 
township,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Colfax,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City. 


Colfax,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Mapleton. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1418. 

Colfax,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex. 

Colfax,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Whitman  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Palouse  River,  116  miles  by  rail  and  71  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  college,  a  high  school,  2  foundries, 
machine-shops,  flour-mills,  saw-mills,  &o.     Pop.  1649. 

Colfax,  or  Texas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W 
Va.,  on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  15  dwellings.     Here  is  Colfax  Post-Office. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  township,  Dunn  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Red  Cedar  River,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Menom- 
onee.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  348. 

Col'gate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  oo.,  N.D.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Hope,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sherbrooke. 
It  has  general  stores,  &c.     Pop.  125. 

CoVgong'  (native,  Kahalgaon,  ki^hg.l-gi'9n),  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  16  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Boglipoor.  The 
Ganges  formerly  flowed  past  it,  but  has  taken  a  new  course, 
and  the  town  has  somewhat  declined.  Its  fort  is  now  a 
heap  of  ruins.     Pop.  6239. 

Colico,  kol'e-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  26i 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Lago 
di  Como.     Pop.  2979. 

Coligny,  ko^leen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bourg. 

Colijnsplaat,  ko-lins-pl&t',  commonly  called  Coolt- 
Jesplaat,  kolt'-yfis-plit',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  island  of  North  Beveland,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Bergen- 
op-Zoom.     Pop.  1985. 

Colima,  ko-lee'm&,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  S.W.  by 
the  Pacific.  Area,  3746  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  gen- 
erally mountainous.  It  produces  sugar,  rice,  tobacco,  com, 
pulse,  indigo,  cotton,  and  rich  fruits ;  but  its  chief  export  is 
coffee.  It  is  generally  healthful,  but  malarial  fevers  pre- 
vail to  some  extent.  Extremes  of  temperature,  52°  and  90° 
Fahr.  Capital,  Colima.  Chief  seaport,  Manzanillo.  Pop. 
in  1882,  72,691. 

Colima,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  80  miles 
E.  of  Manzanillo,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  1600  feet  above  sea- 
level.  It  has  4  churches,  3  newspapers,  3  cotton-mills,  and 
6  large  importing  houses  owned  by  Germans.     Pop.  30,000. 

Colima,  Volcano  of,  is  situated  in  the  state  of 
Colima,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  this  name,  near 
19°  N.  lat.  and  103°  W.  Ion.     Height,  12,000  feet. 

Colinsbargh,  kol'inz-bfir^riih,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  4  miles  W.  of  Pittenweem.     Pop.  351. 

Col'inton,  or  Col'lington,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  Water  of 
Leith.     It  has  extensive  paper-mills.    Pop.  of  parish,  3644. 

Col'inville,  a  post- village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  9  miles  below  Samia.     Pop.  100. 

Colita,  ko-lee'ta,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Trinity  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Coliumo,  ko-lee-oo'mo,  a  maritime  town  of  Chili,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Concepcion. 

Coll,  one  of  the  western  islands  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Mull,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  Tiree.  Length, 
12  miles.     It  contains  many  hamlets.     Pop.  723. 

Coll'amer,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel 
River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

CoUamer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  cultivators. 

Col  lamer,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     See  East  CLGVELAin). 

Collamer,  Chester  oo..  Pa.    See  Hoheville. 

CoUares,  kol-l&'rds,  a  town  of  Portugal,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2986. 

Collares,  kol-l&'rds,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pari,  on  an  island  in  the  Par&  River. 

Colle,  kol'l^,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Campohasso.     Pop.  1964. 

Colle,  a  town  of  Italy,  district  of  San  Bartolommeo-in- 
Galdo,  province  of  Benevento.     Pop.  5876. 

Colle,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Florence,  on  the  Elsa.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  castle,  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  7767. 

Colle  Corvino,  koI'l&  koR-vee'no,  a  town  of  Italj^  4 
miles  E.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  2963; 

COlleda,  or  Kolleda,  kol'l^h-di,  a  town  of  Prussisa 
Saxony,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sommerda.     Pop.  .3363. 


COL 


926 


COL 


College,  Maryland.     See  College  Park. 

College,  kol'Iij,  a  township  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
920,  exclusive  of  Western  College. 

College,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  926.  It  con- 
tains Gambier. 

College  City,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles 
from  Arbuckle  Railroad  Station.  It  contains  the  Pierce 
Christian  College,  and  a  church.     Pop.  360. 

College  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Butler  and  Preble 
COS.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <fc  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 44  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  partly  in  Union 
CO.,  Ind.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  500. 

College  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn., 
15  miles  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

College  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

College  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  semi- 
nary. 

College  Hill  (Tufts  College  Post-Office),  a  post- village 
of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Medford  township,  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Lowell  A  Nashua  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston. 
Here  is  Tufts  College  (Universalist),  founded  in  1855.  On 
an  eminence  called  College  Hill  is  the  Mystic  Reservoir, 
which  supplies  part  of  Boston  with  water. 

College  Hill,  a  village  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church  and  2  high  schools. 

College  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  contains  Beluiont  College,  which 
is  open  to  both  sexes,  2  churches,  and  the  buildings  of  the 
Ohio  Female  College,  which,  about  1874,  were  purchased  by 
a  company  who  established  an  institution  for  the  treatment 
of  nervous  diseases.     Pop.  1200. 

College  Hill,  a  village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Farmville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Hamp- 
den Sidney  College,  also  a  theological  seminary. 

College  Hill  Jnnction,  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  6i  miles  from 
Cincinnati. 

College  Monnd,  a  post-village  of  Macon  oo.,  Mo., 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Macon  City.  It  contains  2  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  McGee  College.    Coal  is  found  here. 

College  of  St.  James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
00.,  Md.,  5  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

College  Park,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
about  2  miles  N.W.  of  San  Josg,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 
It  has  a  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  the 
Pacific.     Pop.  750. 

College  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Washington,  and  29  miles  from 
Baltimore.     Here  is  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College. 

College  Point,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Flushing  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound  or  Flushing 
Bay,  and  on  the  Flushing  <fc  North  Side  Railroad,  a  mile 
N.  of  Flushing,  and  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paint-factory,  2 
large  manufactories  of  rubber  goods,  and  3  of  silk  ribbons. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  this  place  and  New  York, 
and  50  railroad-trains  pass  daily  between  it  and  that  me- 
tropolis.    Pop.  in  1880,  4192;  in  1890,  6127. 

College  Saint  James,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  3  miles  from  Breathedsville  Railroad  Station. 
Here  is  an  Episcopalian  school  of  the  same  name. 

College  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Amity  township,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clarinda,  and  about 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office.  Amity  College,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  475. 

College  Station,  a  post-office  of  Brazos  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Here  is  the  State 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  with  about  300  stu- 
dents. 

Collegeville,  kSl'lij-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.. 
Ark.,  about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  is  li  miles 
from  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Collegeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
8  miles  E.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  church. 

Collegeville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Providence  township,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and  on 
the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia, 
and  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Ursinus  College,  and  has  several  churches,  agricultural 
machine  works,  flour-mills,  Ac.  The  village  is  still  some- 
limes  called  by  its  former  name  of  Freeland.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3529. 


Collesano,  kol-li-si'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  26  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  5084. 

Collesseah,  a  town  of  Socotra.    See  Colesseah. 

Col'leton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  1920  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Edisto  River,  and  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Com- 
bahee  River.  The  Atlantic  Ocean  touches  the  southern  ex- 
tremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  level  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  al- 
luvial and  fertile.  Rice,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad  and  the  Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad. 
Capital,  Walterborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,410;  in  1880. 
36,386;  iu  1890,40,293.  ' 

Colletorto,  kol-14-toR'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3278. 

Col'lett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Richmond  A  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  in  Pike  township, 
39  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Col'lettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Lenoir.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, 2  stores,  Ac. 

CoI'ley,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Dushore.     Pop.  336. 

Colliano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cogliano. 

Collicoon,  or  Collikoon.     See  Callicoon. 

Collier,  kol'y^r,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  4 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Forsyth.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Collier,  a  station  on  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad,  2^  milet 
from  Bellwood,  Pa. 

Collier,  a  station  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mem- 
phis A  Louisville  Railroad,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Collier  Bay,  Australia,  on  the  N.W.  coast,  lat.  16°  7' 
S.,  Ion.  124°  7'  E.,  is  20  miles  wide  at  its  entrance. 

Collier  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Courier's,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Collier's,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Steubenville,  0. 

Collier's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J. 

Coll'ierstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
flour-mills. 

Coll'iersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 
11  miles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Colliersville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Milford  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Cooperstown  Branch,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  ha&  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds,  milk-pans, 
and  lumber.     Pop.  about  150. 

Col'lierville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  24 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Memphis.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  female  college,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages.     Pop.  696. 

CoI'lin,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several 
small  affluents  of  Trinity  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston 
A  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  McKinney.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,013;  in  1880,  25,983;  in  1890,  36,736. 

Colli'na,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
9  miles  from  Apohaqui.     Pop.  350, 

Collina,  St.  John  co..  New  Brunswick.    See  Qitaco. 

Col'lingdale,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  2  wood-turning  mills,  a  florist's,  Ac.  Pop.  500. 

Col'lingswood,  a  post-borough  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Camden  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  3^  miles  S.E.  of  Cam- 
den. It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  water-works,  and 
an  institution  called  the  Old  Folks'  Home.    Pop.  about  500. 

Col'lingsworth,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  Panhandle, 
bounded  E.  by  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  900  square  miles. 

Col'lington,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
A  Potomac  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Bowie  Junction. 

Collingwood,  Minnesota.    See  Collinwood. 

CoFlingwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  flour-, 
feed-,  and  saw-mills,  wagon-works,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Collingwood,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     See  Collinwood, 

Collingwood,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Melbourne 
Australia.     It  has  a  city  government.     Pop.  18.598. 


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Col'lingwoodf  a  town  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  is  on  the 
8.  shore  of  Georgian  Bay,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway,  95 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a  large  tannery,  a 
brewery,  a  steam  flour-mill,  sash-,  door-,  blind-,  pump-,  and 
other  factories,  several  hotels,  churches,  and  stores,  2  print- 
ing-offices, a  branch  bank,  and  several  ship-yards  and  grain- 
«levators.  It  has  a  large  lumber-,  grain-,  and  produoe-trade, 
and  is  the  starting-point  of  steamers  for  Owen  Sound,  Sault 
St«.  Marie,  Fort  William,  and  Duluth.  Pop.  (1891)  4940. 
ColMins,  a  post- village  of  Drew  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Bock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  99  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Collins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  at  Newtown  Station,  6  miles 
fi.E.  of  Streator.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  See 
also  Clement. 

Collins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Eel 
River  Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbia  City.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

Collins,  a  post-village  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  20  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Slater,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
washing-machines.     Pop.  500. 

Collins,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
Collins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  29  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ionia.    It 
has  a  church,  and  a  fruit-evaporator. 

Collins,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo. 
Collins,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  Cattaraugus  Creek,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Buffalo. 
It  contains  part  of  Gowanda  village. 

Collins,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Townsend 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Nor- 
walk.     It  has  manufactures  of  force-pumps  and  lumber. 

Collins,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Co- 
lumbia Branch),  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  and  on  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  15  miles  below  Harrisburg. 
^^ollins,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  733. 
WPollins,  a  township  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1440. 
^*Collin's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Frontenao  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  8  miles  by  rail  below  Kingston. 
It  contains  a  hotel,  store,  church,  and  grist-mill.  Pop.  130. 
Col'linsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Red  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church. 
Collins  Cen^e,  a  post- village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  29 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  free  school,  manu- 
factures of  builders'  supplies,  carpets,  engravers'  supplies, 
type,  Ac.     Collins  Station  is  3  miles  E.     Pop.  500. 

Collins  Depot,  or  North  Wilbraham,  a  hamlet 
of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in  Wilbraham  and  Ludlow  town- 
ships, on  the  Springfield,  Athol  <fc  Northeastern  Railroad 
(Collins  Station)  and  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad  (North 
Wilbraham  Station),  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  manufactures  of  paper.  The  post-office  is  named  North 
Wilbraham. 

Collins  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Skamania  oo., 
Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River.  Steamboats  here 
procure  wood  for  fuel. 

Collins'  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Max  Meadows.  It  haa  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber- 
mill,  &c. 

Col'linsville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  news- 
paper offices. 

CoUinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  near  its  mouth,  about  48  miles  N.E.  of 
San  Francisco.     Here  is  a  salmon-fishery. 

CoUinsville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  oo.,  Conn., 
mostly  in  Canton  township,  is  on  the  Farmington  River, 
on  the  Central,  New  England  &  Western,  and  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroads,  15  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Hartford.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
large  and  celebrated  axe-manufactory,  which  is  said  to  turn 
out  daily  about  4500  of  the  Collins  axes  and  edge-tools. 
Other  cutlery  and  screw  wrenches  and  ploughs  are  made 
here  by  the  Collins  Company.    Pop.  in  1880, 1376  :  in  1890, 

CoUinsville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.K  of  St.  Louis,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  of 
Edwardsville.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  a  zinc-works,  coal-mines,  manufao- 
tures  of  brick,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3498. 

CoUinsville,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.    See  Meak8. 

CoUinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  oo.,  N.Y.,  near 
Black  River,  1  mile  from  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Rail- 


road, and  about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Utioa.    It  baa  2 
churches. 

CoUinsville,  a  post-village  of  Butler  oo.,  0.,  in  Mil- 
ford  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  140. 

CoUinsville,  a  post-village  of  Orayson  oo.,  Tex.,  at 
the  crossing  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  and  the  Texas 
<k  Pacific  Railroads,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Sherman.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber, 
and  brooms.     Pop.  in  1890,  332. 

CoUinsville,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
(direct)  N.N.W.  of  Winchester,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Collinwood,  Meeker  co.,  Minn.  See  Dassel. 
Col'linwood,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in 
East  Cleveland  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  manu- 
factures of  terra-cotta,  brick,  and  tile,  and  a  planing-milL 
Pop.  about  2000. 

CoUio,  kol'le-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  2226. 

Collioure,  korie-ooR',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in 
Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  on  the  Mediterranean,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Perpignan.  Pop.  3446.  It  is  defended  by  forts. 
CoUirene,  koPl^-reen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co., 
Ala.,  10  miles  from  Benton  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
an  academy. 

Collo,  kol'lo,  a  town  of  Algeria,  68  miles  W.  of  Bona, 
on  Collo  Bay,  in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1081. 

Collobri^res,  kolMo^bre-aiB',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Var,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2446. 

Col'lomsville,  a  post- village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Limestone  township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  a  tannery,  2  grist-mills,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Col'lon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  5i  miles  N.W, 
of  Drogheda.     Pop.  547. 

Collonge,  kori5Nzh',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Valais,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Saint  Maurice,  on  the  Rhone. 

Colloo'ney,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Sligo,  on  the  Owenbeg. 

Collump'ton,  or  Cnllomp'ton,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  12J  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Exeter.     Pop.  2205. 
Col'ly  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  S.S.E.  in  Bladen 
CO.,  and  enters  South  River  10  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Coll'yer,  a  post- village  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Wa  Keeney.     It  has  several  stores. 

Col'ma  (Colma  Station  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of 
San  Mateo  co;,  Cal.,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  a  church,  a  distillery,  Ac. 

Col'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moody  co.,  S.D.,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Flandreau.    It  has  2  church  organizations  " 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Colman  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  4^  miles  N.  of  Amenia. 

Colmar,  or  Kolmar,  kol'mar  (L.  Golumba'ria),  a  city 
of  Germany,  capital  of  Upper  Alsace,  on  the  Lauch,  near 
its  confluence  with  the  111,  at  a  railway  junction,  41  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  in  1885,  26,513.  It  is  well  built; 
and  its  old  ramparts  are  now  converted  into  planted  boule- 
vards. The  principal  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  town  hall, 
theatre,  prison,  and  court-house.  It  has  a  normal  college,  a 
collection  of  paintings  and  a  library  of  50,000  volumes,  and 
several  hospitals.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  superior  court,  and 
has  active  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  tapes,  cutlery, 
paper,  leather,  brushes,  combs,  &e.,  which  articles,  with  corn 
and  other  produce,  it  exports  into  Switzerland.  Colmar  was 
an  imperial  city  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  had  an  active 
share  in  the  civil  wars  under  Rodolph  of  Hapsburg  and 
Adolph  of  Nassau. 

Col'mar,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough  co.,  HI.,  in  La- 
moine  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quinoy 
Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macomb. 

Colmar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Doylestown  Branch),  25 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  from  Line  Lexington. 
Here  are  2  churches  and  2  hotels. 

Colmars,  koPmaR'  (L.  Col'lis  Mar'tU,  i.e.,  "Mars' 
Hill"),  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- Alpes,  24  miles  N.  of 
Castellanne,  on  the  Verdon.     Pop.  1182. 

Colmenar,  kol-mi-naR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
15  miles  N.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  5800. 

Colmenar  del  Arroyo,  kol-mi-nan'  d*l  aR-Ro'yo, 
a  town  of  Spain,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Avila.     Pop.  420. 

Colmenar  de  la  Sierra,  kol-mi-nan'  dA  1&  se-ln'Rl, 
a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  N.  of  Guadalajara,  on  the  Jarama. 
Colmenar  de  Oreja,  kol-mi-naR'  Ak  o-r&'H&,  a  towc 
of  Spain,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  4833 


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928 


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Colmenar  YiejO)  koI-mi-naR'  ye-&'HO,  a  town  of 
Spain,  17  miles  N.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  6115. 

Colmesneil,  kSPm^-neel',  a  post-village  of  Tyler  co., 
Tex.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Woodville,  and  69  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Trinity.  It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-factory,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1200. 

Colne,  koln  or  kon,  a  riyer  of  England,  cos.  of  Herts 
and  Middlesex,  joins  the  Thames  at  Staines. 

Colne,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  joins  the  North 
Sea  N.  of  the  Blackwater.     Length,  30  miles. 

ColnC)  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  joins  the 
Isis  near  Lechlade.     Length,  25  miles. 

Colne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Calder,  and  on  the  Leeds  A  Liverpool 
Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  N.B.  of  Manchester. 
It  has  two  chapels  of  ease,  a  grammar-school,  a  cloth  hall, 
and  large  manufactories  of  calico  and  mousseline-de-laine. 
Its  mills  are  partly  wrought  by  water-power.  Coal,  slate, 
and  lime  abound  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  7335. 

Co'lo,  a  post-village  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  in  New  Albany 
township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  22 
miles  w .  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  226. 

Colocza,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ealo'csa. 

Cologna,  ko-l6n'y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.B.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  7405.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk. 

Cologne^  ko-l3n',  Fr.  pron.  koUo3'(Qer.  C'dln  or  Kbln, 
koln;  anc.  Op'pidum{QT  Giv'itaa)  Ubio'rum ;  later,  Colo'nia 
Agrippi'na,  and  Colo'nia  Glau'dia  Agrippinen' sis),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and  of  the  government  of 
Cologne,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Rhine,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Coblentz.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  and  is 
opposite  to  Deutz,  to  which  two  bridges  extend.  Its  great 
cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  Gothic  buildings  in  the  world,  is 
the  chief  object  of  interest.  The  city  is  a  fortress  of  the  first 
class.  It  is  a  Catholic  archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a 
large  foreign  trade.  It  also  carries  on  a  domestic  trade  by 
rail  and  river.  Besides  the  eau  de  Cologne,  which  takes  its 
name  from  the  place,  it  manufactures  a  great  variety  of 
goods.  Cologne  was  a  town  of  some  importance  even  before 
the  Roman  conquest,  and  many  of  its  buildings  are  of  deep 
historical  interest.  Its  narrow  and  crooked  streets  and  ite 
quaint  and  irregular  architecture  give  it  more  of  the  me- 
diaeval character  than  most  German  cities  possess.  It  is 
the  seat  of  important  literary  and  educational  institutions. 

Pop.  in  1880, 144,772;  in  1890,  282,537. Adj.  and  inhab. 

CoLOGNESB,  koMo-neez'. 

Cologne,  or  Kbln,  a  government  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
bounded  N.  by  the  government  of  Dusseldorf,  E.  by  the 
province  of  Westphalia,  S.  by  Coblentz,  and  W.  by  Aachen. 
Area,  1544  square  miles.  It  lies  wholly  in  the  valley  of 
the  Rhine,  and  is  divided  into  10  circles,  of  which  the 
circle  of  Cologne,  containing  the  capital,  has  an  area  of  176 
square  miles.     Pop.  654,791. 

Cologne,  koMon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qers,  18  miles 
N.  of  Lombez.     Pop.  745. 

ColognOf  ko-16n'yo,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  S  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2747. 

Colokythia,  Greece.    See  Gulp  op  Kolokythia. 

Cololo,  ko-lo'lo,  a  mountain  of  the  Andes,  near  the 
boundary  of  Peru  and  Bolivia,  in  lat.  14°  57'  S.,  Ion.  69° 
10'  W.     Height,  17,930  feet. 

Colo'ma,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  abont  10 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Coloma,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  American  River,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  2  churches.  Gold  ha« 
been  found  here.     Pop.  925. 

Coloma,  Washington  co.,  111.    See  Ditbois. 

Coloma,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  Pop.  856. 
It  includes  Rock  Falls. 

Coloma,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Reserve 
township,  4  miles  W.  of  Rockville,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Monte- 
Buma.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting,  and  a  graded  school. 

Coloma,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Paw  Paw  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Benton  Harbor. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofBce,  flour-mills,  lumber- 
mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  500. 

Coloma,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  oo..  Mo.,  15  miles  N. 
of  Carrollton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Coloma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  in  Coloma 
township,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Coloma  Station,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis., 
en  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  (Southern  division),  35 
miles  S.  of  Stevens  Point.     It  is  in  Coloma  township. 

Colombes,  koMoHb',  a  village  of  France,  department 
3f  Seine,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2691. 


Colombia,  ko-lom'be-a  {La  Republica  de  Colombia, 
1&  ri-poob'le-ki  dk  ko-lom-bee'i),  a  federal  republic  of 
South  America,  occupying  the  northwesternmost  portion 
of  that  continent,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  on  the  E.  by  Venezuela,  S.  by  Brazil  and  Ecuador,  and 
W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  consists  of  nine  departments, 
whose  area  and  population,  according  to  the  latest  official 
estimate,  are  as  follows : 


Departments. 

Area  in 
aq.  miles. 

Popolation. 

Capitals. 

21,000 
30,000 
36,000 
267,424 
92,000 
30,000 
32,380 
16,000 
18,434 

470,000 
280,000 
702,000 
621,000 
569,000 
90,000 
285,000 
555,600 
306,000 

Medellin. 

Bolivar 

Cartagena. 
Tunja. 

Bogota. 

Santander 

Tolima 

Socorro. 
Ibagu6. 

Total 

533,238 

3,878,600 

The  republic  is  traversed  by  3  great  Andean  ranges,  viz., 
the  central  range,  or  Cordillera  of  Qnindiu,  the  Western,  or 
that  of  Choco,  and  the  Eastern  Cordillera,  or  that  of  Suma 
Paz.  These  unite  near  the  Ecuadorian  frontier  into  a  great 
plateau,  11,695  feet  in  average  height.  Besides  the  above 
ranges  there  are  several  extensive  contreforts  and  mountain- 
groups,  all  connected  directly  with  the  Andes.  There  are 
numbers  of  peaks  clad  in  perpetual  snow,  principally  in  the 
eastern  chain.  Earthquakes  are  not  uncommon  in  some 
parts.  The  southeastern  half  of  the  country  belongs  to  the 
llano,  or  great  plain,  which  occupies  also  a  large  part  of 
Venezuela.  This  portion  is  traversed  by  many  fine  naviga- 
ble rivers,  tributaries  of  the  Orinoco  and  Amazon.  The 
S.W.  part  of  this  level  region  is  a  great  forest.  Most  of 
the  rivers  are  of  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  principal  ones  are 
the  Magdalena  (whose  valley  lies  between  the  Eastern  and 
the  Central  Andes),  the  Cauca  (between  the  central  and  the 
main  western  ridge),  the  Atrato,  which  flows  in  a  long  nar- 
row valley  of  the  Western  Andes,  the  Meta,  Vichada,  and 
Guaviare,  tributaries  of  the  Orinoco,  and  the  Rio  Negro  and 
Japura,  important  affluents  of  the  Amazon.  The  rivers  of 
the  Pacific  versant  are  all  short,  but  several  of  them  are 
navigated. 

The  climate  of  Colombia  varies  with  the  elevation.  The 
ooast-land  and  low  plains  are  in  general  hot  and  sickly ;  but 
the  high  table-lands  have  often  a  genial  climate,  the  per- 
petual spring  of  Bogota  being  especially  fine.  Here  every 
product  of  the  temperate  zones  grows  to  perfection. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  Colombia  is  great.  Considerable 
gold  is  produced,  chiefly  from  placer-mines.  Rich  ores  of 
silver  are  known  to  be  abundant,  and  a  few  of  them  are 
exploited  to  some  degree.  The  best  emeralds  known  are 
found  in  the  state  of  Boyacd.  Salt  and  coal  are  plentiful, 
and  platinum,  copper,  mercury,  and  several  other  metals  are 
found  at  diS"erent  points.  Among  the  native  products  are 
many  fine  timber  trees,  the  wax-palm,  cacao,  india-rubber, 
ipecac,  calisaya  bark,  divi-divi,  balsam  of  tolu,  vegetable 
ivory,  cochineal,  sarsaparilla,  logwood,  fustic,  archil,  Ac. 
These,  with  rice,  mother-of-pearl,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco, 
coffee,  sugar,  bananas,  hides,  gold-dust,  ores,  deer-skins,  and 
Panama  hats,  are  leading  articles  of  export, — the  last  com- 
modity being  extensively  prepared  from  the  fibre  called 
jipyapa,  the  product  of  a  native  palm-like  tree. 

Wheat,  maize,  and  barley  thrive  in  the  temperate  high- 
land. Among  the  native  animals  are  the  puma,  jaguar, 
bear,  sloth,  deer,  armadillo,  cavy,  opossum,  tapir,  many 
kinds  of  monkeys,  the  condor,  parrots,  humming-birds,  Ac. 
Agriculture  and  stock-raising  are  leading  pursuits.  There 
is  a  pearl-fishery  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Several  lines  of  railway  connect  the  principal  cities,  the 
aggregate  length  in  operation  being,  in  1890,  218  miles, 
with  others  in  course  of  construction.  The  foreign  trade 
is  now  chiefly  carried  on  at  Aspinwall  and  Panama  (mostly 
in  transit),  and  at  Barranquilla,  Rio  Haeha,  Cartagena, 
Tumaco,  and  Santa  Marta.  Numerous  steamboats  are  em- 
ployed upon  the  Magdalena,  and  some  development  has 
been  made  of  steam-navigation  on  the  Amazon  tributaries. 

The  government  consists  of  a  president,  elected  for  six 
years,  a  senate  of  27  members  (3  from  each  department), 
and  a  house  of  representatives  (1  for  each  60,000  inhabi-  , 
tants),  elected  by  universal  suffrage.  The  governors  of  the  ■ 
departments  are  nominated  by  the  president.  The  Spanish  ^ 
language  is  universal,  except  among  the  Indians.  Com-  - 
pulsory   education   is   required   by   law.      The    principal 


COL 


929 


COL 


towns  are  Bogota,  the  capital,  Medellin,  Panama,  Socorro, 
and  Popayan. 

The  census  of  1870  returned  a  total  population  of  2,950,017, 
exclusive  of  uncivilized  Indians.  In  the  colonial  period 
this  country  was  a  part  of  the  Spanish  viceroyalty  of  New 
Granada,  in  which  Venezuela  and  Ecuador  were  long  in- 
cluded. From  1811  to  1824  the  country  was  at  war  with 
Spain.  Bolivar  founded,  in  1819,  a  republic  of  Colombia, 
which  included  Ecuador  and  Venezuela;  but  this  fell  to 
'  pieces  in  1830.  The  country  under  consideration  was  called 
New  Granada  from  1831  to  1863,  then  the  United  States  ot 
Colombia  until  1886,  when  a  new  constitution  was  adopted 
vider  the  title  La  Reptiblica  de  Colombia. 

Colombier,  koM6M^be-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1538. 

Colombier^  koM6M^be-i'.  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Neufchfitel.     Pop.  1007. 

Coiom'bo,  or  Coluin'bo,  the  principal  seaport  town 
and  the  modern  capital  of  Ceylon,  on  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  6° 
66'  N.,  Ion.  79°  49'  B.  Pop.  in  1891, 126,926.  The  fortified 
town,  about  li  miles  in  circumference,  stands  on  a  rocky 

f)eninsula,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  the  sea,  and  having 
andward  a  lake,  a  moat,  and  drawbridges.  Internally  it  is 
like  a  European  town :  its  buildings  are  mostly  in  a  plain 
Dutch  style,  and  some  of  its  streets  are  lined  with  trees. 
Climate  salubrious,  though  humid.  Mean  temperature  of 
the  year,  80°.7 ;  winter,  79°.l ;  summer,  80°.9  Fahr.  The 
fortified  town  is  the  residence  of  the  civil  and  military  au- 
thorities and  the  principal  European  residents  of  Ceylon ; 
the  open  town  to  the  B.  is  occupied  by  a  mixed  population 
of  Dutch  and  Portuguese  descent;  and  the  suburbs  are  in- 
habited by  native  Singhalese.  Principal  edifices,  the  gov- 
ernment house,  court-house,  town  hall,  lunatic  asylum,  Eng- 
lish, Dutch,  and  Portuguese  churches,  chapels,  extensive 
barracks,  a  good  military  hospital,  and  the  light-house.  It 
has  museums,  a  medical  school,  2  colleges,  hotels,  and  libra- 
ries. The  harbor,  defended  by  several  forts,  is  small,  and 
the  roadstetui  is  safe  only  during  the  S.E.  monsoon.  Colombo 
is  the  entrep&t  for  most  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Ceylon.  It 
has  beautiful  cinnamon-gardens,  saw-mills,  coifee-mills, 
manufactures  of  coir  and  oil,  and  a  great  breakwater,  com- 
menced in  1875.  A  railroad  79  miles  long  connects  Colombo 
with  Kandy.  Colombo  was  occupied  by  the  Portuguese  in 
1517,  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  1603,  and  by  the  English  in 
1796.     It  is  the  see  of  an  Anglican  bishop. 

Colomera,  ko-lo-m&'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  N. 
of  Granada,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Co'loiiy  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Centreville.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  in  1890,  489. 

Colon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Wahoo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Colon,  ko-lon',  a  town  of  Cuba,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Cardenas,     Pop.  1593. 

Colon,  Colombia,  South  America.     See  Aspinwall. 

Colo'na,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  in  Colona 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Rock- 
ford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroads,  and  on  Green 
River,  12  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  Coal  is  mined  here.  It 
has  several  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Its  post-office  is 
named  Colona  Station.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1223. 

Colona  di  Buriano,  ko-lo'n&  dee  boo-re-&'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Castiglione  della 
Pescaia,  remarkable  for  the  remains  of  cyolopean  walls  and 
for  Roman  and  Etruscan  antiquities. 

CoHonelgunJ',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  Fyzabad 
district.     Pop.  10,000. 

Colonella,  kol-o-nfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Teramo,  near  the  Mediterranean.     P.  4259. 

Colonia,  or  Colonia  do  Santissiino  Sacra- 
mento, ko-lo'ne-i  do  sin-tees'se-mo  s4-krS,-mfin'to  {i.e., 
"  Colony  of  the  Most  Holy  Sacrament"),  a  fortified  maritime 
town  of  South  America,  in  Uruguay,  ,on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  estuary  of  the  Plata,  opposite  Buenos  Ayres,  98  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Montevideo.     Pop.  2600. 

Colonia,  or  Colonia  Agrippina.    See  Coloonb. 

Colo'nial  Beach,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  oo., 
Va.,  70  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Idontross.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.  It  is 
%  summer  resort. 

Colonia  Patricia,  an  ancient  name  of  Cordova. 

Colonna,  Greece.     See  Cape  Colonna. 

Colonne,  a  cape  of  Italy.    See  Cape  Nau. 

Col'onsa,  or  Col'onsay,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides, 
in  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  9  miles  W.N.W.,  of  Jslay,  near 
the  island  of  Oronsay.   Loch  Fad  is  in  the  centre.    Pop.  408. 


Colony,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1264 
It  contains  the  village  of  Coleaburg. 

Colony,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Qarnett.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  600. 

Colony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Middle 
Fabius,  33  miles  W.S.  W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.    It  has  a  church. 

Colo'ra,  a  post- village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  63  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Colorado,  kol-o-rah'do  (Spanish  pron.  ko-lo-r&'do),  a 
W.  central  state  of  the  American  Union,  traversed  by 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Wyoming 
and  Nebraska,  E.  by  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  S.  by  Okla- 
homa and  New  Mexico,  and  W.  by  Utah.  The  37th  and 
4l8t  parallels  of  N.  latitude  and  the  meridians  of  the  102d 
and  109th  degrees  of  W.  longitude  enclose  the  state.  Area, 
103,926  square  miles.  In  the  order  of  its  admission  to  the 
Union  it  is  the  thirty-eighth  state. 

Surface  of  the  Country. — The  Sierra  Madre,  or  main 
chain  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  on  approaching  this  state 
from  the  S.  is  broken  into  a  plexus  of  wild  and  irregular 
ranges,  which  traverse  the  W.  and  central  parts  of  Colorado 
and  contain  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
proper,  at  least  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States. 
Among  these  are  Pike's  and  Long's  Peaks,  Mts.  Torrey, 
Gray,  Lincoln,  Yale,  and  Harvard,  the  Spanish  Peaks,  Ac, 
which  range  between  11,000  and  16,000  feet,  some  of  them 
towering  above  the  line  of  perpetual  snow.  The  mountain- 
chains  enclose  a  series  of  remarkable  valleys,  known  as 
parks,  often  containing  small  lakes,  which,  as  some  have 
supposed,  may  once  have  been  larger  and  given  their  basin- 
like character  to  the  parks  themselves.  The  parks  are  gen- 
erally small,  but  others  are  larger  than  some  entire  states 
of  the  Union.  The  best  known  of  the  great  parks  are  the 
North,  Middle,  South,  Las  Animas,  and  San  Luis  Parks. 
Notwithstanding  their  great  elevation,  most  of  the  parks 
are  fertile,  well  timbered,  and  have  a  mild  climate,  and  the 
remarkable  height  of  their  mountain-walls  gives  them  a 
strikingly  characteristic  magnificence  of  scenery.  The 
mountains  of  Colorado,  with  those  immediately  N.,  consti- 
tute a  great  hydrographic  centre.  In  this  state  arise  the 
Platte  River,  two  forks  of  the  Kansas,  the  Arkansas,  the 
Rio  Grande,  and  several  large  tributaries  of  the  Colorado 
of  the  West.  The  E.  portion  of  the  state  consists  of  a  vast 
plain,  well  fitted  for  pasturage. 

Geology  and  Mineral  Wealth. — The  mountain -region  is 
formed  almost  entirely  of  azoic  and  eozoic  rocks ;  and  along 
the  E.  and  S.W.  borders  of  this  region  runs  a  narrow  belt 
of  palaeozoic,  mostly  Devonian,  age.  The  parks  are  mostly 
beds  of  the  tertiary.  Outside  the  palaeozoic  belt  comes  another 
narrow  belt,  consisting  of  richly  metalliferous  Jurassic  and 
Triassic  strata,  especially  developed  in  the  S.W.,  and  again 
near  the  head-waters  of  the  Arkansas,  but  extending  N.  be- 
yond the  Slate  line.  East  of  the  mountains,  in  the  valleys 
of  the  South  Platte  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  are  cretaceous, 
and  there  are  also  some  tertiary,  deposits.  In  the  S.W. 
the  cretaceous  predominates,  and  the  tertiary  in  the  N.W., 
where  there  are,  however,  strips  of  the  cretaceous  exposed 
along  most  of  the  streams.  Volcanic  rocks  are  found  at  sev- 
eral points  in  the  S.  Along  the  E.  border  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  there  are  coal-deposits,  wrought  to  some  extent ; 
but  the  product  is  a  lignite  of  relatively  late  origin,  and 
not  a  true  coal  of  the  carboniferous  age.  Its  quality,  how- 
ever, is  fair,  and  it  is  prized  for  domestic  uses.  At  some 
points  it  is  metamorphosed  into  an  excellent  anthracite,  and 
at  some  others  it  is  a  coking-coal.  A  fine  vein  of  a  sub- 
stance closely  resembling  albertite  or  grahamite  is  found  in 
Summit  co.  In  1868  and  1859  splendid  discoveries  of 
gold  were  made  to  the  N.  of  Pike's  Peak,  and  pan-  and 
gulch-mining  proved  remunerative  enough  to  attract  many 
thousands  of  adventurers ;  but  after  a  time  it  was  found  that 
a  large  proportion  of  the  gold  existed  in  the  form  of  sul- 
phides and  tellurides,  from  which  the  precious  metal  is  not 
easily  extracted.  Hence  for  a  time  this  branch  of  mining 
industry  declined;  but  the  introduction  of  new  processes 
for  reduction  again  rendered  gold-mining  profitable,  espe- 
cially to  parties  having  abundant  skill  and  capital.  Rich 
gold-  and  silver-bearing  quartz  was  later  discovered  in  the 
San  Juan  Region  of  the  S.W.,  and  the  valuable  mines  of 
California  Gulch,  in  Lake  co.,  caused  the  miraculous  growth 
of  Leadville.  Most  of  the  silver  ores  of  the  state  contain 
gold,  and  the  gold  ores  also  contain  silver,  and  copper  is  a 
not  unfrequent  admixture.  Iron  ores  of  many  kinds,  valu- 
able silver-bearing  galena,  zinc,  pyrites,  soda,  petroleum, 
and  other  useful  mineral  substances  abound.  Thermal  and 
mineral  springs  are  numerous  in  some  sections. 


COL 


930 


COL 


Climate. — The  rainfall  is  small  as  compared  with  that  of 
most  maritime  regions :  consequently,  although  the  country 
is  newly  settled,  there  is  a  noteworthy  freedom  from  mala- 
rious diseases,  and  the  whole  region  has  a  high  reputation 
as  a  resort  for  consumptives.  The  great  elevation  of  the 
state  gives  it  a  delightful  summer  climate.  Little  snow 
falls  in  winter,  even  upon  the  mountains,  and  cattle  feed 
upon  the  self-cured  and  unharvested  grasses  throughout 
the  winter.  The  pure  air,  the  fine  scenery,  and  the  clear 
skies  of  Colorado  are  praised  by  every  tourist. 

Agriculture  is  not  carried  on  to  any  great  extent  in  this 
state,  except  at  points  where  irrigation  can  be  effected. 
This  is  usually  undertaken  by  stock  companies,  or  by  the 
co-operation  of  a  number  of  agriculturists  or  the  people 
of  a  farming  colony,  and  ditches  many  miles  in  length 
are  in  some  cases  cut.  The  irrigation  of  thousands  of 
acres  is  thus  effected  by  means  of  one  liberal  outlay  and 
a  small  subsequent  annual  expense.  Thus  treated,  the 
lands  yield  generously  of  all  the  ordinary  cereal  grains  and 
the  root-crops  of  northern  culture.  Garden-  and  dairy- 
products  are  specialties  at  some  points.  In  general,  cattle- 
grazing  and  sheep-husbandry  are,  however,  the  leading 
pursuits  kindred  to  agriculture.  For  these  occupations  no 
part  of  the  Union  seems  better  adapted,  and  the  extent  of 
the  business  is  every  year  largely  increasing. 

The  lumber  manufacture  has  employed  considerable  capi- 
tal in  Colorado,  which,  however,  is  not  in  general  a  well- 
timbered  state.  Box-elder,  cottonwood,  and  a  few  other 
kinds  of  trees  grow  very  sparingly  along  the  streams  in 
the  E.  section ;  and  a  large  amount  of  pine  has  been  cut, 
chiefly  along  the  divide  which  separates  the  upper  valley 
of  the  South  Platte  from  that  of  the  Arkansas.  Much  com- 
plaint has  been  made  on  account  of  the  alleged  useless  de- 
struction of  the  forests,  and  at  several  points  tree-planting 
has  been  attempted,  with  good  promise  of  success.  The 
development  of  the  coal-  and  iron-fields  and  the  manufac- 
ture of  iron  and  steel  are  important  industries. 

Bailroads. — The  railroad  facilities  of  Colorado  are  exten- 
Bive.  Among  the  important  systems  are  the  Union  Pacific, 
the  Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande,  The  Burlington  Route,  the  Den- 
ver &  New  Orleans,  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6. 
There  were  in  1890,  4291  miles  of  railroad  in  operation. 

Counties. — There  are  55  counties,  viz.,  Arapahoe,  Archu- 
leta, Baca,  Bent,  Boulder,  Chaffee,  Cheyenne,  Clear  Creek, 
Conejos,  Costilla,  Custer,  Delta,  Dolores,  Douglas,  Eagle, 
Elbert,  El  Paso,  Fremont,  Garfield,  Gilpin,  Grand,  Gunni- 
son, Hinsdale,  Huerfano,  Jefferson,  Kiowa,  Kit  Carson, 
Lake,  La  Plata,  Larimer,  Las  Animas,  Lincoln,  Logan, 
Mesa,  Montezuma,  Montrose,  Morgan,  Otero,  Ouray,  Park, 
Phillips,  Pitkin,  Prowers,  Pueblo,  Rio  Blanco,  Rio  Grande, 
Routt,  Saguache,  San  Juan,  San  Miguel,  Sedgwick,  Summit, 
Washington,  Weld,  and  Yuma.  The  chief  cities  and  towns 
are  Denver,  Pueblo,  Colorado  Springs,  and  Leadville. 

Education  is  cared  for  by  a  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, and  there  are  also  county  superintendents  and 
local  school  trustees.  The  money  for  schools  comes  from 
local  taxation.  There  are  several  schouls  for  secondary  in- 
struction, and  private  collegiate  schools.  The  state  uni- 
versity is  at  Boulder,  the  state  agricultural  college  at  Fort 
Collins,  the  school  of  mines  at  Golden,  and  a  school  for 
deaf-mutes  and  blind  at  Colorado  Springs.  Denver  Uni- 
versity is  located  at  Denver,  and  Colorado  College  at  Colo- 
rado Springs.  At  Del  Norte  is  the  Presbyterian  College 
of  the  Southwest,  and  at  Golden,  St.  Matthew's  Hall,  a 
theological  school  (Protestant  Episcopal). 

The  population  in  1860  was  34,277,  mostly  white  male 
adventurers,  who  had  just  arrived  in  the  new  Pike's  Peak 
country  in  search  of  gold.  In  1870  the  population  was 
returned  at  47,164,  including  some  7480  Indians  and  the 
Spanish-speaking  inhabitants  of  the  south.  Since  1870  the 
white  population  has  very  largely  increased :  in  1880  it 
was  returned  as  194,327,  and  in  1890  as  412,198,  when  the 
number  of  Indians  was  985. 

Finances,  <fcc.— The  total  state  debt  in  1890  was  $599,851, 
and  the  total  assessed  valuation  of  property  $193,254,127.38. 
In  1890  the  number  of  national  banks  was  50.  There  were 
also  41  state  banks  and  58  private  banks.  The  yield  of 
precious  metals  in  1888  was  $28,074,888,  of  which  the  gold 
product  was  $3,534,790.  The  coal-fields  are  estimated  to 
cover  an  area  as  large  as  New  England.  The  product  in 
1889  was  over  2,500,000  tons.  Colorado  holds  the  first  rank 
in  the  production  of  lead. 

History. — Two-thirds  of  Colorado,  including  the  western 
half  and  a  tract  along  the  S.  line,  belonged  to  Mexico  until 
1847,  and  was  regarded  as  a  portion  of  New  Mexico ;  and  a 
portion  of  this  tract  has  long  supported  a  scanty  Spanish- 
American  population  with  a  strong  admixture  of  Indian 


blood.  The  discovery  of  gold  near-  Pike's  Peak  in  1858 
and  the  subsequent  rapid  settlement  of  the  country,  have 
been  already  noticed.  In  1861  the  territory  was  organized. 
In  1865  a  state  constitution  was  adopted,  and  in  1866, 186" 
and  1873  application  was  made  to  Congress  to  admit  Colo- 
rado as  a  state ;  but  this  was  not  accomplished  until  1876, 
in  which  year  she  took  part  in  the  presidential  election, 
not  by  popular  vote,  but  by  means  of  its  legislature,  upon 
which  devolved  the  choice  of  presidential  electors. 

Colorado,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Colorado  River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  with  forests  of  live-oak,  pecan,  hickory,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is 
partly  sandy  and  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Gal- 
veston, Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio  Railroad.  Capital,  Co- 
lumbus. Pop.  in  1870,  8326;  in  1880,  16,673;  in  1890, 
19,512. 

Colorado,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railway,  69  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  It 
has  8  churches,  3  banks,  extensive  manufactures  of  salt, 
soda,  Ac,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1582. 

Colorado,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    See  Lost  Creek. 

Colorado,  a  locality  in  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Pithole.     It  has  afforded  much  petroleum. 

Colorado  Chiquito.     See  Colorado  River  (Utah). 

Colorado  City,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co.,  Colorado, 
2  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  glass, 
paint,  cement,  and  plaster  of  Paris.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1788. 

Colorado  River,  Texas,  rises  in  the  table-lands  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  state,  by  two  branches,  called  the  North 
Fork  and  Salt  Fork,  which  unite  near  lat.  32°  N.  It 
runs  southeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
counties  of  McCulloch,  San  Saba,  and  Llano  on  the  right, 
and  Coleman,  Brown,  Lampasas,  and  Burnet  on  the  left. 
It  subsequently  intersects  the  counties  of  Travis,  Bastrop. 
Fayette,  Colorado,  and  Wharton,  still  pursuing  a  southeast 
ward  course,  and  enters  Matagorda  Bay  at  or  near  the  vil 
lage  of  Matagorda.  It  is  the  largest  river  running  through 
the  state,  except  the  Brazos,  and  is  about  900  miles  long. 
The  principal  towns  on  its  banks  are  Austin  City,  Bastrop, 
and  La  Grange.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Austin  City, 
nearly  300  miles,  except  in  summer,  when  the  water  is  low. 

Colorado  River,  sometimes  called  Colorado  of  the 
West,  is  formed  by  two  head-streams,  the  Green  and  Grand 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  Utah  near  lat.  38°  1 6'  N.  and  Ion. 
110°  W.  Both  of  these  rise  in  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The 
Colorado  runs  southwestward  through  the  high,  treeless, 
and  arid  table-land  of  Utah,  in  which  it  receives  no  perma- 
nent tributary  except  the  Rio  San  Juan.  It  crosses  the  S. 
boundary  of  Utah  into  Arizona,  and  runs  for  300  miles  in 
a  profound  chasm  called  the  Great  Canon  of  the  Colorado, 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  natural  objects  in  North  America. 
It  opens  all  the  series  of  geological  strata  down  to  their 
granite  foundation.  "The  principal  facts,"  says  Dana, 
"  are  these :  A  length  of  300  miles,  and  through  the  whole 
nearly  vertical  walls  of  rook  3000  to  6000  feet  in  height; 
these  rocks  limestone  and  other  strata  of  carboniferous  age, 
others  of  older  palaeozoic,  and  below  these  generally  the 
solid  granite,  making  from  500  to  1000  feet  of  the  gorge." 
These  walls  are  sections  of  nearly  horizontal  strata.  The 
plateau  adjacent  to  this  caSon  is  said  to  be  6000  to  7000 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Below  this  canon  the  river 
runs  southward,  forming  the  boundary  between  Arizona 
and  California,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  California  in  Mexico. 
Its  length,  exclusive  of  the  branches,  is  estimated  at  1050 
miles.  The  area  drained  by  the  Colorado  was  estimated  by 
Guyot  at  257,000  square  miles.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it 
about  500  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  receives  no  large  trib- 
utary from  the  right  or  west  side.  Its  largest  affluents  are 
the  Rio  Gila  and  the  Colorado  Chiquito. 

Colorado  Springs,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of 
El  Paso  CO.,  Colorado,  at  the  intersection  of  several  railroad 
lines,  76  miles  S.  of  Denver,  and  near  the  foot  of  Pike's 
Peak.  It  has  an  elevation  of  6000  feet.  It  is  a  fashionable 
summer  resort,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery. 
The  climate  is  serene,  mild,  and  healthy.  The  city  contains 
2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  several  hotels,  14  churches, 
the  Colorado  College,  2  daily  and  several  weekly  news- 
paper offices,  public  school  buildings  which  cost  $235,000, 
2  fine  sanitariums,  a  Catholic  hospital,  anil  a  state  school 
for  deaf-mutes.  Here  also  is  the  Childs-Drexel  Printers' 
Home.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,140, 

Colorno,  ko-loR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.  of 
Parma,  on  the  river  Parma.     Pop.  3447. 


COL 


931 


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Colosssc,  a  rained  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Cbonob. 

Colosse,  ko-lfis'  a  post-village  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y,,  on 
Salmon  Creek,  about  27  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  &o. 

Col'quitt)  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  uf  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little 
and  Ocklockonee  Rivers,  the  former  of  which  is  its  eastern 
boundary.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Moultrie.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1654  ;  in  1880,  2527  ;  in  1890,  4794. 

Colquitt)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miller  co.,  Qa.,  on 

I  Spring  Creek,  20  miles  N.N.W,  of  Bainbridge,  and  about 

60  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.    It  has  a  church  and  several  gen- 

I  ural  stores  and  business  houses.    It  is  surrounded  by  forests 

of  pine.     Pop.  in  1890,  200. 
!      Colt)  a  post-village  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  8  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Forrest  City.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a 
cotton-gin,  and  a  shingle-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Col'tharp'S)  a  post-oflBce  of  Houston  oo.,  Tex. 

Colton,  kol'ton,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  San 
Bernardino  co.,  Cal.,  57  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Los  Angeles, 
and  4  miles  S.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofSce,  public  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  marble,  lime,  brick,  Ac.     Pop.  1315. 

ColtoD)  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Sidney. 

Colton,  a  post- village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Backet  River,  in  Colton  township,  about  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ogdensburg,  and  7  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Potsdam.  It  has 
H  union  school,  3  churches,  a  large  tannery,  and  several 
law-mills,  for  which  the  river  affords  abundant  water-power. 
Lumber  and  leather  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Pop. 
'135  ;  of  the  township,  1834.  The  township  is  about  32  miles 
long,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 

Colton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  25  miles  by 
.'•ail  S.W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Colt's  Neck)  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Atlantic  township,  bi  miles  N.E.  of  Freehold.  It  has  a 
5hurch. 

Colts'villC)  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Pitts- 
ield  township,  on  the  North  Adams  Branch  Railroad,  3 
niles  N.E.  of  Pittsfield.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

ColuguapC)  ko-loo-gwi'pi,  a  lake  in  the  interior  of 
Patagonia,  intersected  by  the  47th  parallel  of  S.  latitude  and 
;he  72d  meridian  of  W.  longitude.  It  is  supposed  to  dis- 
charge its  waters  into  Port  Desire  River. 

Columbaria)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cervoli. 

Columbia,  ko-liim'b^-a,  or  Or'egoii)  a  large  river 
which  rises  in  British  Columbia,  on  the  W.  slope  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  near  lat.  50°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  W.  It 
runs  first  northwestward  and  subsequently  southward  to 
ihe  northern  boundary  of  Washington,  near  which  bound- 
ary it  receives  a  large  affluent  called  Clarke's  Fork  or 
River.  After  it  has  entered  Washington,  it  runs  southwest- 
irard,  westward,  and  towards  nearly  every  other  point  of  the 
ijompass.  It  runs  southeastward  to  the  mouth  of  the  Snake 
or  Lewis  River,  its  largest  affluent.  A  few  miles  below  this 
junction  it  strikes  the  northern  boundary  of  Oregon  and 
abruptly  changes  its  course  towards  the  west.  It  forms  the 
boundary  between  Oregon  and  Washington  for  about  360 
miles,  and  runs  (in  this  part  of  its  course)  generally  west- 
ward, until  it  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  at  the  N.W.  extrem- 
ity of  Oregon.  The  tide  ascends  it  about  160  miles  to  the 
Cascades,  a  series  of  rapids  caused  by  the  passage  of  the 
river  through  the  Cascade  Range.  This  is  the  largest  Amer- 
ican river  that  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  1400  miles.  Vessels  of  the  largest  size  can 
ascend  it  to  Vancouver,  115  miles,  and  steamboats  run  up 
to  the  Lower  Cascades.  The  Columbia  is  a  rapid  stream, 
and  traverses  a  mountainous  region  which  is  remarkable 
for  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  Basalt  and  other  vol- 
canic rocks  underlie  a  large  part  of  the  valley  of  this  river, 
especially  that  part  which  is  in  Washington.  It  enters  the 
ocean  through  an  estuary  which  is  about  36  miles  long  and 
from  3  to  7  miles  wide.  The  area  drained  by  it  is  estimated 
by  Prof.  Quyot  at  298,000  square  miles.  According  to  J. 
Ross  Browne,  it  is  navigable  to  »  point  725  miles  from  its 
mouth,  but  the  navigation  is  interrupted  at  several  places. 

This  river  is  divided  into  four  navigable  sections.  The 
first  is  from  its  mouth  to  the  Cascades,  a  distance  of  160 
miles.  As  far  up  as  the  mouth  of  the  Willamette  it  is  a 
broad,  deep  river,  navigable  at  all  seasons  by  the  largest 
vessels  that  cross  the  bar  at  its  mouth.  The  obstruction  to 
navigation  at  the  Cascades  is  such  as  to  make  a  portage  of  6 
miles  necessary.  This  portage  is  now  made  by  means  of  a 
railroad.     The  second  section  of  the  Columbia  is  from  Cas- 


cades to  Dalles,  a  distance  of  60  miles.  Here  is  anothet 
obstruction,  called  the  Great  Dalles  of  the  Columbia,  and  to 
obviate  this  difficulty  a  railroad  14  miles  long  has  been  laid 
to  Celilo.  The  third  navigable  section  reaches  from  Celilc 
to  Priest's  Rapids,  185  miles.  The  fourth  section  extends 
from  Fort  Colville  upward  about  250  miles,  and  is  navi- 
gable by  small  steamboats. 

Columbia)  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  825  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Dorcheat 
Bayou  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Ar- 
kansas &  Texas  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  runs  S.  to 
Magnolia,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,397  ; 
in  1880,  14,090;  in  1890,  19,893. 

Columbia)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  border- 
ing on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  862  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Suwanee  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Santa  F6  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  extensive  pine  forests. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular,  the 
Georgia  Southern  A  Florida,  and  the  Savannah,  Florida  & 
Western  Railroads,  all  of  which  pass  through  Lake  City, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  7335;  in  1880, 
9589;  in  1890,  12,877. 

Columbia)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  333  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Savannah  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is  abundant 
here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia  Railroad. 
Capital,  Appling.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,529  ;  in  1880,  10,465 ; 
in  1890,  11,281. 

Columbia)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  691  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and 
is  drained  by  Claverack,  Kinderhook,  and  Jansen's  Creeks. 
The  surface  of  the  eastern  part  is  hilly,  and  the  W.  part  is 
an  undulating  plateau.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay, 
oats,  butter,  potatoes,  rye,  anc^  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  forest  tifees  are  the  beech,  hickory, 
chestnut,  oak,  and  elm.  The  thermal  springs  of  New  Leb- 
anon attract  many  visitors.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
and  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad.  Among  the  min- 
erals are  blende,  iron,  lead,  barytes,  limestone,  and  slate. 
Capital,  Hudson.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,044 ;  in  1880,  47,928 ; 
in  1890,  46,172. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has 
an  area  of  about  693  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  E.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Nehalem  and  Scappoose  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests  of  cedar,  fir, 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Oats,  wheat,  hay,  potatoes,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products. 
Lumber  and  salmon  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Coal 
is  found  here.  Capital,  St.  Helen.  Pop.  in  1870,  863 ;  in 
1880,  2042;  in  1890,  5191. 

Columbia)  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Catawissa  and  Fishing  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and  if 
partly  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  abundance 
of  anthracite  coal,  limestone,  and  iron  ore,  and  pig-iron  is 
one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Bloomsburg  A  Sullivan,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  West- 
em,  and  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroads,  which 
communicate  with  Bloomsburg,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,766;  in  1880,  32,409;  in  1890,  36,832. 

Columbia)  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Washington,  borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  864  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Snake  or  Lewis 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Grain  and  stock  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital, 
Dayton.     Pop.  in  1880,  7103;  in  1890,  6709. 

Columbia)  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  780  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Fox 
River,  which  at  Portage  City  is  about  li  miles  from  the 
former.  These  navigable  rivers  have  been  connected  by  a 
'canal.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  cover&d 
with  forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.     This  county 


COL 


932 


COL 


is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  by 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  several  divi- 
Bions  of  which  diverge  from  Portage,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  towards  Milwaukee,  Madison,  and  other  cities. 
Pop.  in  1880,  28,065;  in  1890,  28,360. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  61  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Albany, 
Ga.,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Abbeville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  variety-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  960. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Sonora,  and  about  52  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  and  several  distilleries  of  brandy. 
It  is  also  about  22  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Milton,  Calaveras 
CO.,  the  nearest  railroad  station.     Pop.  1126. 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  in 
Columbia  township,  2^  miles  S.  of  Hop  River  Railroad 
Station,  and  6  or  7  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Willimantic.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  a  saw-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  baskets,  fertilizers,  and  cotton-warp.  Pop.  in 
1890,  740. 

Columbia,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Delaware. 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Lake  City.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
and  9  miles  N.  of  "Waterloo.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  6  churches,  a  public  school,  2  cigar-factories,  a 
machine-shop,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1267. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1622. 
It  contains  Kellerville  and  Ludlow. 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Columbia  township,  3  miles  from  Alpine  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Whitewater  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  658. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2238. 
It  includes  Francisco,  Oakland  City,  and  Dongola. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Zenas.     Pop.  1272. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  831. 

Columbia,  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    See  Columbia  Citt. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Knoxville,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  several 
church  organizations  and  stores.     Pop.  112. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  776. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
908,  exclusive  of  Eddyville. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
670.     Post-office  and  station,  Black  Wolf. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adair  oo.,  Ey.,  on 
Russell's  Creek,  40  miles  S.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  76  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  506. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Monroe. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Co'tton  and  other 
products  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.    Pop.  235. 

Columbia,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,>Me., 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Machias,  and  4  miles  N.  of  an  inlet 
of  the  ocean.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  668. 

Columbia,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1596.  It  contains  Brooklyn,  Jefferson,  and  Kelly's  Comers; 
also  a  hamlet  called  Columbia,  3  miles  W.  of  Brooklyn. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  638. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad 
(Breedsville  Station  and  Post-Office) :  it  has  also  a  station 
(Columbia,  or  Saddle  Lake)  on  the  Kalamazoo  &  South 
Haven  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Grand  Junction,  which  town 
is  partly  in  this  township.     Pop.  1736. 

Columbia,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marion  co..  Miss., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Pearl  River,  about  80  miles  S.  by  E. 
from  Jackson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  66. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
in  Columbia  township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Boonville,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Jefferson  City,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Mexico. 
It  is  the  south  terminus  of  the  Columbia  Branch  Railroad, 
which  connects  at  Centralia  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City 
&  Northern  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national 
banks,  2  female  colleges,  7  churches,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri,  which  was  founded  by  the  state  in  1840. 
and  has  16  professors,  an  attendance  of  about  350  students, 
»nd  a  library  of  7000  volumes.   The  citizens  of  Boonville 


contributed  $120,000  to  the  fund  by  which  this  institution 
is  supported.  It  is  open  to  both  sexes.  Columbia  has  gas- 
works, flouring-mills,  a  distillery,  and  manufactures  of  to- 
bacco  and  woollen  goods.  P.  in  1880, 3326;  in  1890,  4000. 

Colum  bia,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River.  It  has  6  starch-fao- 
tories,  3  lumber-mills,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  752. 

Columbia,  or  Af 'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,in 
Chatham  township,  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
church.     The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Afton. 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Blairstown  Railroad,  and  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite 
Portland,  Pa.,  and  3  miles  below  the  Water  Gap.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  bridge  over  the  river. 

Columbia,  a  post-township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Utica,  is  traversed  by  the  railroad 
which  connects  Utica  with  Richfield  Springs.  Pop.  1690. 
It  contains  Columbia  and  Miller's  Mills. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  oo.,  N.T.,  la 
Columbia  township,  about  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Herkimer. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Columbia,  township.  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.    P.  1745. 

Columbia,  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1254. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tyrrel  oo.,  N.C, 
is  on  a  small  inlet  or  creek  of  Albemarle  Sound,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  that  sound,  68  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  144 
miles  E.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  in  Columbia  township.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1206. 

Columbia,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Spencei 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  above  Cincinnati,  is  a 
suburb  of  that  city.  Here  are  6  churches.  Pop.  1106. 
The  Columbia  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Cincinnati  post- 
office.     Columbia  Station  is  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  3184, 
It  contains  Madison,  Sharpsburg,  Plainville,  Camden  City, 
Norwood,  and  North  Cincinnati. 

Columbia,  Licking  oo.,  0.    See  Columbia  Centre. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.  Pop.  892.  It 
contains  Copopa  and  Columbia  Station. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  1286. 

Columbia,  a  hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  12  miles  E.  of 
Angola,  Ind.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1521. 
It  contains  Sylvania.     (See  Columbia  Cross  Roads.) 

Columbia,  a  city  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  here  about  1  mile  wide,  and  on 
the  Columbia  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  York  Branch,  81  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia, 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Lancaster. 
It  is  the  southwest  terminus  of  the  Reading  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  and  the  north  terminus  of  the  Columbia  &  Port 
Deposit  Railroad.  A  good  railroad  bridge  across  the  river 
connects  Columbia  with  Wrightsville.  It  contains  a  town 
hall,  13  churches,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  34  public 
schools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  surrounded  by  varied  and  beautiful  scenery. 
Here  are  several  iron-furnaces,  a  brewery,  3  rolling-mills, 
and  manufactories  of  steam-engines,  railroad-iron,  ma- 
chinery, flour,  lumber,  slate  mantels,  bar-iron,  sash,  doors, 
stoves,  wagons,  laundry-machines,  shirts,  and  hardware. 
Pop.  in  1890, 10,699. 

Columbia,  Venango  co..  Pa.    See  Columbia  Farm. 

Columbia,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in  Carroll 
township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Monongahela  City.  It  has  a  coal- 
mine, a  brick-yard,  and  about  40  houses. 

Columbia,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  South  Caro 
lina,  and  of  Richland  co.,  is  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the 
Congaree  River,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Broad  and  Saluda 
Rivers,  130  miles  by  railroad  N.N.W.  of  Charleston,  and  86 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  Lat.  33°  67'  30"  N. ;  Ion. 
about  80°  51'  W.  It  is  at  the  head  of  steamboat  naviga- 
tion, is  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  and 
is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the  Columbia  &  Greenville  Rail- 
road, which  connects  here  with  the  Wilmington,  Columbia 
&  Augusta  Railroad  and  the  South  Carolina  Railroad.  The 
site  is  a  plain,  elevated  100  feet  or  more  above  the  river, 
which  is  here  crossed  by  a  bridge.  The  plan  of  the  city  ia 
regular,  and  several  of  the  streets  are  100  feet  wide.  It  con- 
tains a  new  granite  state-house,  which  cost  about  $3,000,000, 
a  new  city  hall,  a  handsome  United  States  court-house,  built 
since  1873,  2  national  and  2  state  banks,  the  Ursuline 
Institute,  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  which  is  under  the 
direction  of  the  state,  and  a  theological  seminary  be- 
longing to  the  Presbyterians.  It  is  also  the  seat  of  the 
South  Carolina  College,  which  was  organized  in  180ft 
and  has  a  library  of  27,000  volumes.  Three  daily,  2  tri- 
weekly, and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  also* 


COL 


933 


COL 


14 


nonthlj  religious  paper.     The  Union  army,  under  General 
Bherman,  occupied  this  city  in  February,  1866,  and  a  large 

f»ortion  of  it  was  then  consumed  by  fire.    Pop.  in  1860,  8052  ; 
n  1870,  9298;  in  1880,  10,036;  in  1890,  15,353. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  graded  schools.  Pop,  in 
1890,  400 ;  of  Columbia  township,  636. 

Columbia,  a  city,  capital  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  is  on 
the  Duck  River,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Nashville.  It 
contains  13  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Columbia  Athenssum, 
and  the  Columbia  Female  Institute.  It  has  also  manufac- 
tures of  ploughs,  chairs,  furniture,  and  carriages,  and  4 
large  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  5370. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Brazoria  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Brazos  River,  5  miles  above  Brazoria,  and  50  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  from  Houston.  Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to 
this  point.  It  has  4  churches,  and  2  factories  for  canned 
beef.  Cotton,  beef,  and  sugar  are  the  chief  exports.  Pop. 
in  1890,  515. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  57  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It 
has  3  churches,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  311. 
Columbia,  Ontario.    See  Coventry. 
Columbia  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0., 
in  Lima  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Columbus  Railroad, 
14   miles    E.  by  N.  from   Columbus.     It   has   2   churches, 
op.  205.     Its  station  is  called  Columbia, 
Columbia  City,  the  capital  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind,,  19 
les  by  rail  W.N.W,  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  10  churches, 
banks,  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  2  large 
saw-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  roller-mills,  a  brewery,  a  ma- 
ohine-shop,  large  public  schools,  and  a  court-house,  and  is 
lighted  by  electricity.     Pop,  in  1890,  3027, 

Columbia  City,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  Ore- 
gon, is  on  the  Columbia  River,  8  miles  above  Ealama,  and 
30  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Portland.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
ship-building  and  the  lumber-business,  and  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  saV-mill. 

Columbia  College.    See  New  York. 
^Columbia  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford 
B.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S,  of* 
Himira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

■  Columbia,  District  of.  See  District  of  Columbia. 
V  Columbia  Falls,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo., 
Me.,  on  a  navigable  inlet  of  the  sea.  It  has  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  a  ship-yard.  Pop.  608. 
■'Columbia  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co., 
net.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Edenburg.  Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 
VColumbiana,  ko-ltim-be-an'^,,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
B  Ohio,  bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about 
K8  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ohio 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Little  Beaver  River  and  by 
Sandy  and  Yellow  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and 
partly  undulating  or  level;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  wool,  hay,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  extensive  beds  of  bituminous  coal 
and  limestone,  and  an  abundance  of  timber,  including  the 
ash,  beech,  elm,  sugar- maple,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  tulip- 
tree.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad. 
Capital,  New  Lisbon.  Pop.  1870,  38,299 ;  in  1880, 48,602  ; 
in  1890,  59,029. 

Columbiana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co,, 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  72  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Selma,  and  about  70  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Mont- 
gomery. It  has  6  churches,  a  large  academy,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  654. 

Columbiana,  a  post- village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
Fairfield  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Alliance,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Youngs- 
town,     It  has  2  banks,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  handles,  carriages,  portable  saw- 
mills, street-rollers,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1112. 
Columbian  Archipelago.    See  West  Indies. 
Columbian  College.     See  Washington,  D.C. 
Colum'bian  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  oo.,Va. 
Colum'bia  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Columbia 
00.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Hudson.     It  has  a  hotel,  several 
cottages,  and  a  mineral  spring,  the  water  of  which  holds  in 
solution  84  grains  of  chloride  of  sodium  and  64  grains  of 
solphate  of  lime  per  gallon. 

Columbia  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lorain  co.,  0., 
in  Columbia  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Cleve- 
land with  Columbus,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a 
stone-quarry. 


Columbia  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Qreen- 
brier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Columbia  Village,  N.Y.     See  Madrid. 

Colum'biaville,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich., 
on  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  <fc  Bay  City  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  woollen-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  578. 

Colnmbiaville,  a  village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Stockport  township,  1  mile  from  Stockport  Station,  which 
is  4  miles  N.  of  Hudson.     It  has  2  cotton-mills. 

Columbo,  the  capital  of  Ceylon.     See  Colombo. 

Colunibretes,  ko'-loom-br&'tds,  a  picturesque  group  of 
volcanic  islands  and  rocks  in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  B. 
coast  of  Spain,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Valencia.  Lat.  of  Mount 
Colibre,  in  the  largest  island,  39°  53'  58"  N.,  Ion.  0°  44' 
27"  E.,  supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Ophiusm. 

Colum'bns,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  940  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Waccamaw  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Lumber  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  occupied 
by  swamps  and  forests.  The  soil  is  not  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc 
Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Whiteville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8474;  in  1880,  14,439;  in  1890,  17,856. 

Columbus,  a  post- village  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  church. 

Columbus,  a  village  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Suwanee  River,  about  70  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee, 

Columbus,  a  thriving  city,  capital  of  Muscogee  co,, 
6a,,  is  on  the  E,  bank  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  100 
miles  direct  (or  136  miles  by  the  road)  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta, 
an^  100  miles  by  railroad  W.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Macon  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  is 
the  southern  terminus  of  the  North  A  South  Railroad.  The 
Western  (Alabama)  and  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroads  ter- 
minate at  Girard,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  which 
is  here  crossed  by  a  bridge.  Columbus  is  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  cotton,  about  60,000 
bales  of  which  are  annually  received  here.  The  river  at 
this  place  affords  extensive  water-power,  which  is  utilized 
in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  flour,  Ac. 
The  Eagle  A  Phoenix  Manufacturing  Company  of  this  place 
have  the  largest  cotton-  and  woollen-mills  in  the  South,  em- 
ploy about  900  operatives,  and  manufacture  a  variety  of 
colored  goods,  ginghams,  cottonades,  Ac.  The  Columbus 
Iron-Works  manufacture  engines,  boilers,  steamboats,  saw- 
mills, sugar-mills,  cotton-screws,  Ac.  Columbus  contains  10 
churches,  3  of*  which  are  colored,  4  national  banks  and  1 
state  bank,  gas-works,  5  cotton-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  man- 
ufactory of  engines  and  boilers,  and  several  iron-foundries 
and  machine-shops.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  This  city  has  also  a  high  school,  a 
female  college,  a  male  academy,  4  hotels  and  a  court-house. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  Columbus  and  Apalachi- 
cola.  Many  of  the  residences  in  this  city  and  its  environs 
are  large  and  beautiful  and  are  enclosed  by  grounds  adorned 
with  flowers  and  shrubbery.     Pop.  in  1890,  17,303. 

Columbus,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  in  Colum- 
bus township,  3i  miles  S.  of  Coatsburg  Railroad  Station, 
and  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
general  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  975. 

Columbus,  a  hamlet  of  Pope  co..  III.,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Vienna.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Wool  Post-Office. 

Columbus,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  is  in  Columbus  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White 
River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Flat  Rock  Creek,  41  miles 
S.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison, 
and  69  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  is  connected  with 
these  cities  by  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  two  branches  of  which  meet  here.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  normal  and  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  9  churches,  3  tanneries,  a  starch-factory,  4  furniture- 
factories,  an  ice-factory,  and  2  agricultural-implement  fac- 
tories. Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop,  in  1890,  6719, 

Columbus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Memphis,  Carthage  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  50  miles  S,  of  Fort  Scott,  and  11  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Baxter  Springs.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  a 
banking-house,  a  flouring-mill,  a  pottery,  4  churches,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2160. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Belmont,  Mo.,  12  miles  below 
Cairo,  and  40  miles  by  land  (52  miles  by  water)  S.W.  of 
Paduoah.     It  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Mobile  St 


COL 


934 


COL 


Ohio  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  It  is  chiefly  supported  by 
trade  and  river  navigation.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  ofiSce,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  crockery, 
Ac.     Pop.  1574. 

Columbus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Sabine  River,  has  a  church  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Columbus,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Columbus  township,  on  Belle  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Air- Line  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ridgeway,  and  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  The  township  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumoer. 

Columbus,  a  city  of  Mississippi,  capital  of  Lowndes 
CO.,  is  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  about 
150  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson,  and  98  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Me- 
ridian. It  is  a  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  main  line  at  Artesia,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  at  which  large  quantities  of  cotton  are  shipped. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  8  churches,  the  Columbus 
Union  Academy,  the  Franklin  Academy,  the  Mississippi 
Industrial  Institute  and  College  for  white  females,  and 
printing-ofiBces  which  issue  a  tri-weekly  and  .3  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  4559. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Warrensburg,  and  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  168. 

Columbus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Platte  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Loup  Fork,  about  1  mile  N.  of  the  Platte  River,  94 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Omaha,  and  74  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  3  banks.  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3134. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  oo.,  Nevada, 
58  miles  S.E.  of  Hawthorne,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Candelaria. 
It  has  a  salt-factory  and  a  quartz-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Mansfield  township,  on  the  Kinkora  Branch  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Burlington,  and  12  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Trenton. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Columbus,  or  Columbus  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Columbus  township,  5  miles  from 
New  Berlin  Railroad  Station,  and  about  90  miles  W.  of 
Albany.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Unadilla  River,  and  has  5  cheese-fac- 
tories and  creameries  and  5  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1184. 

Columbus,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co., 
N.C.,  in  Columbus  township,  about  75  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  the  township,  744. 

Columbus,  the  capital  city  of  Ohio  and  the  county 
seat  of  Franklin  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Scioto  River,  by 
rail  120  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  138  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cleveland,  193  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg,  314  miles 
S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  about  350  miles  direct,  or  487  by 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  W.  of  Washington.  Lat. 
39°  57'  N.;  Ion.  82°  59'  W.  The  site  of  Columbus  is 
an  elevated  plateau,  its  streets  are  broad,  lighted  by  gas  and 
electricity,  well  paved  and  shaded,  and  traversed  by  50  miles 
of  electric  railway,  reaching  every  section  of  the  city.  The 
chief  avenues  are  Broad  street,  120  feet  wide,  running  E. 
and  W.,  and  noted  for  its  double  rows  of  shade-trees,  and 
High  street,  the  principal  business  street,  100  feet  wide, 
nearly  7  miles  in  length,  and  traversed  by  a  double-track 
street-railway.  These  avenues  intersect  each  other  at  right 
angles,  and  have  at  their  intersection  a  public  square  of  10 
acres,  in  which  is  situated  the  state  capitol,  304  feet  long 
by  184  feet  wide,  built  of  limestone  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 
Other  state  institutions  are  the  Central  Insane  Asylum, 
with  its  grounds  of  300  acres,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,600,000, 
and  having  accommodations  for  1100  patients ;  the  Asylum 
for  Imbecile  Youth,  on  a  farm  of  187  acres;  the  Institution 
for  the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  costing  $650,000 
and  accommodating  500  pupils ;  and  the  Institution  for  the 
Blind,  erected  at  an  expense  of  about  $500,000.  Here  also 
are  the  United  States  government  buildings,  which  contain 
the  post-office,  the  United  States  courts,  and  the  pension 
ofBces ;  the  Ohio  Penitentiary,  adapted  to  the  requirements 
of  2500  prisoners  ;  and  the  Ohio  State  University,  in  a  tract 
of  340  acres,  with  70  teachers  and  about  800  students.  This 
institution  possesses  property  and  endowments  valued  at 
$1,700,000,  and  educational  facilities  which  include  13 
well-equipped  scientific  and  technical  laboratories  and  7 
special  buildings,  among  which  is  the  museum  of  the  Ohio 
Archaeological  and  Historical  Society,  illustrating  the 
history  of  the  state  from  the  ice  period  to  the  present 
time.      Eastward   from   the   city  is  the   Capital   Univer- 


sity  (Evangelical   Lutheran),   with    buildings  valued  at 
$80,000. 

The  city  buildings  include  a  city  hall,  costing  about 
$200,000 ;  a  city  and  school  library  building,  with  a  library 
of  about  80,000  volumes;  and  20  or  more  public  school 
buildings,  embracing  two  high  schools  and  furnishing  accom- 
modations for  about  15,000  pupils.  Besides  these  there  are 
numerous  parochial  and  private  schools.  The  city  is  sup- 
plied abundantly  with  pure  water  from  immense  reservoirs 
and  wells,  which  are  fed  by  underground  currents.  Colum- 
bus has  superior  advantages  for  inland  trade,  no  less  than 
18  railroads  having  part  in  the  union  depot.  Its  leading 
industrial  establishments  embrace  21  carriage-factories,  20 
machine-shops,  2  rolling-mills,  15  foundries,  11  planing- 
mills,  2  tanneries,  18  manufactories  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, besides  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  files,  furniture, 
saddlery  and  harness,  pumps,  cars  and  car-wheels,  tile, 
bricks,  sewer-pipe,  soap,  <fec.  There  are  6  national  banks, 
12  state  and  private  banks,  and  24  hotels.  Four  daily  and 
14  weekly  newspapers  and  7  monthly  magazines  are  pub- 
lished here,  and  there  are  90  churches,  6  commercial 
schools,  and  a  number  of  private  academies.  Columbus 
was  laid  out  in  1812,  in  the  midst  of  an  unbroken  forest,  on 
the  high  banks  of  the  Scioto,  and  the  town  was  incorporated 
in  1816.  The  city  is  divided  into  19  wards,  and  is  governed 
by  a  mayor,  board  of  public  works,  and  council.  Pop.  in 
1820, 1450 ;  in  1840,  6048 ;  in  1860, 18,554 ;  in  1870,  31,274} 
in  1880,  51, 647;. in  1890,  88,150. 

Columbus,  a  post-borough  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  in  Co- 
lumbus township,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on  the  At- 
lantic A  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia  <t  Brie 
Railroad,  39  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Corry. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  leather,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  466 ;  of  the  township,  1257. 

Columbus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Colorado  River  (here  crossed 
by  an  iron  railroad  bridge  and  2  wagon  bridges),  about  95 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  A 
San  Antonio  Railroad,  127  miles  W.N.W.  of  Galveston.  It 
has  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  banking-houses,  5  hotels,  a 
masonic  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Colorado  Insti- 
tute (with  a  brick  building  of  two  stories).  It  is  surrounded 
yith  groves  of  live-oak.     Pop.  in  1890,  2199. 

Columbus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Klikitat  co.,  Washington, 
about  12  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Goldendale. 

Columbus,  a  city  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Craw- 
fish River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Portage  City,  19  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Watertown,  and  25  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Madison.  It 
has  a  city  hall,  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  10  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  wagons.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1876;  in  1890,  1977. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.  of  Oshawa.  It  has  several  churches,  woollen-  and 
grist-mills,  a  potash-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Columbus  City,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Cedar  and  Iowa  Rivers,  1  mile  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus  Juno 
tion,  and  about  32  miles  S.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
graded  public  schools,  and  several  general  stores  and  busi- 
ness houses.     Pop.  500. 

Columbus  City,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Iowa  River.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Columbus  Junction  and  Columbus  City.  Pop., 
exclusive  of  those  villages,  1416. 

Columbus  Factory,  a  station,  3  miles  N.  of  Colum- 
bus, Ga.,  on  the  North  A  South  Railroad. 

Columbus  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  0., 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan  Railroad, 
58  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Lima.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  3 
lumber-mills,  3  gas-wells,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1392;  in  1890,  1677. 

Columbus  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Columbus  City  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Iowa  River,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Muscatine,  and  41  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  and  a  nor- 
mal school,  and  manufactures  of  brick,  tile,  brooms,  and 
soap.     Pop.  in  1890,  953 ;  of  the  township,  2595. 

Colum'busville,  a  village  of  Newtown  township. 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  adjacent  to  the  larger  village  of  Maspeth. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  oil-cloth,  cordage, 
Ac.  It  is  connected  by  street  railway  with  Brooklyn.  Here 
is  Mt.  Olivet  Cemetery.     Pop.  1251. 

Colii'sa,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  has  an 


I 


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I   infii 

IK 

!   an  a 


area  of  about  2450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Sycamore 
Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  valleys  and  mountains 
of  the  Coast  Range,  which  extends  along  the  western  border 
of  the  county.  The  eastern  part  is  mostly  level  prairie, 
md  is  deficient  in  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wool,  wheat, 
barley,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Colusa. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6165;  in  1880,  13,118;  in  1890,  11,640. 

Colusa*  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Colusa 
00.,  Cal.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  tne  Sacramento  River,  about 
85  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Sacramento  City,  and  25  miles 
W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  manufactures  of 
agricultural  implements,  carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890, 1336. 

Colusa*  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quinoy  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Bur- 
lington, Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Col'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.  of 
Cynthiana.     It  has  2  churches. 

Colville  Bay*  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  SouRis. 

Col'vin  Run,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Col'vvell,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Northern 
Bailroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Howard  City,  Mich. 

Col'wich,  a  post-village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  212. 

Colyton*  kol'e-tgn,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon, 
26  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Exeter.     Pop.  of  parish,  2479. 

Colzean  (kSl-yain')  Castle*  the  fine  seat  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Ailsa,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  a  basaltic  oliflf  pro- 
jecting into  the  sea,  4  miles  W.  of  Maybole. 

Comae*  a  village  of  New  York.     See  Commac. 

Comacchio*  ko-mik'ke-o,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Perrara,  in  the  midst  of  the 
marshes  termed  Valli  di  Comacchio,  3  miles  from  the  Adri- 
atic. It  has  several  fine  churches,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  8910,  chiefly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  salt  and 
in  fishing  for  eels  in  the  surrounding  lagoons. 

~omader'ry,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co. 

Wicklow,  3  miles  W.  of  Glendalough. 

""o^mal'*  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 

an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Guadalupe  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rio 
Cibolo.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staples.  Capital,  New  Braun- 
fels.     Pop.  in  1870,  5283 ;  in  1880,  5546 ;  in  1890,  6398. 

Coman'che*  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  795  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Salt  or  Nescutunga  River.  Pop.  in  1880, 
372;  in  1890,  2549. 

Comanche*  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Leon  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Colony  and  Mercer 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  A  range 
called  the  Comanche  mountains  extends  along  its  S.W.  bor- 
der. The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  county.  Capital,  Comanche.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1001;  in  1880,  8608;  in  1890,  15,608. 

Comanche,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Comanche  oo., 
Tex.,  Ill  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  7 
churches,  2  banks,  a  picket-fence  factory,  3  cotton-gins,  a 
flour-mill,  2  newspaper  offices,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1226. 

Comanche  (ko-man'chi)  Indians*  or  Comauches, 
ko-man'chfiz  (Sp.  pron.  ko-min'ch5s),  written  also  Ca- 
manches*  k4-min'ch8z,  an  American  Indian  tribe  of 
Mexico  and  Texas,  who  roam  along  the  prairie-ground  be- 
yond the  Puercos  and  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  They  are 
extremely  warlike  and  fond  of  plunder.  In  some  respects 
they  diflfer  from  the  other  Indian  tribes,  particularly  in  their 
aversion  to  ardent  spirits.  They  are  allied  in  language  to 
the  Shoshones. 

Comanche  Peak*  Texas,  a  mountain  in  Hood  co., 
near  the  Brazos  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Granbury.  It  is  a 
conspicuous  landmark,  visible  at  a  distance  of  100  miles. 

Co'man's  Well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Sussex  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Comayagua,  ko-mi-i'gwi,  formerly  Yalladolid, 
vil-yi-do-leed',  a  city  of  Central  America,  republic  of  Hon- 
duras, 170  miles  E.  of  Guatemala,  on  a  river  flowing  to  the 
Pacific.  Pop.  about  10,000.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Chief  edi- 
fices, a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  richly-endowed  hospital. 

Comba,  kom'bS,,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago.    Lat.  7°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  38'  E. 

Com^baco'num,  or  Com^booco'num*  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  20  miles  E.  of  Tanjore.  Lat.  10°  59'  N. ; 
Ion.  79°  20'  E.  This  city  was  the  ancient  capital  of  the 
Chola  dynasty.     Pop.  60,098,  chiefly  Brahmans. 


Com^bahee' River*  South  Carolina,  rises  in  BamweU 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Beau- 
fort and  Colleton  cos.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about 
4  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Edisto  River.  It  is  nearly 
140  miles  long. 

Combe  (kom)  Mar'tin,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  an  inlet  of  Bristol  Channel,  4i  miles  E.  of  Ilfra- 
oombe.     Pop.  of  parish,  1428. 

Com'ber*  or  Cnm'ber*  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lough  Strangford,  at  a  railway 
junction,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  2006. 

Com'ber,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  30  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Amherst- 
burg.     It  has  3  or  4  stores,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  100. 

Combin,  kftM'biu*',  Grand  Combin*  gr6N»  k6M'- 
b4n»',  or  Graffeneire*  grif-fi-ni'e-ri,  a  mountain  of 
Europe,  between  the  canton  of  Valais,  in  Switzerland,  and 
the  valley  of  Aosta,  in  Italy,  one  of  the  Pennine  Alps,  E.  of 
the  Great  St.  Bernard.  It  is  14,163  feet  in  elevation,  and 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Martigny. 

Com'bling  Falls*  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River  (which  here  falls 
about  60  feet),  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Somerset.  It  has  a  min- 
eral spring. 

Combo*  a  region  of  Africa.    See  British  Combo. 

Combooconum*  a  town  of  India.    See  Combacondm 

Combourg*  k6M^booR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et 
Vilaine,  22  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Malo,     Pop.  5130. 

Combrailles,  k6H^br&i',  an  old  division  of  France,  in 
Basse-Auvergne,  now  in  the  department  of  Creuse.  Ita 
capital  was  Evreux. 

Combronde*  k6M^br6Nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy 
de-D6me,  15  miles  N.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2035. 

Combs  Ferry*  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.,  to  Mt.  Sterling,  11  miles  from  Lexington. 

Combultiera*  an  ancient  name  for  Dragoni. 

Combusta*  the  ancient  name  of  Jebel-Tar. 

Com^ercol'ly*  or  Kumarkhali,  koo^mar-ki'lee,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea  district,  100  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Calcutta,  and  on  the  navigable  river  Garai.     Pop.  5151. 

Comersee  (Lake  of  Como).    See  Lago  di  Como. 

Com'er's  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Independence.     It  has  4  general  stores. 

Com'et*  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Hiawatha.     It  has  a  general  store,  Ac. 

Cometa*  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  V190SA. 

Cometts'burg*  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  00.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Beaver. 

Com'fort,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  N.C. 

Comfort,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River,  50  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a 
tannery,  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Comfrey*  kiim'fre,  a  post-office  of  Brown  00.,  Minn. 

Comil'lah*  or  Kumilla*  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital 
of  the  Tiperah  district,  on  the  Goomtee,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Dacca.  It  is  diked  to  prevent  inundation,  has  excellent 
and  well-shaded  streets,  and  a  fine  climate.     Pop.  12,948. 

Comines,  ko^meen',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Ypres,  on  the 
Lys,  opposite  the  French  town  of  the  same  name.  Pop. 
3480.  It  has  celebrated  manufactures  of  ribbons,  thread, 
handkerchiefs,  and  tobacco. 

Comines*  ko^meen',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lys,  opposite  the  above 
town,  and  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4111.  It  has 
manufactures  of  ribbons,  thread,  leather,  Ac.  It  is  the 
birthplace  of  Philippe  de  Comines. 

Comino*  kom-ee'no,  or  Cumino*  koo-mee'no,  a 
British  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  between  Malta  and 
Gozo.     It  is  less  than  2  miles  in  length. 

Cominotto*  kom^ee-not'to,  an  islet  immediately  W.  of 
Comino. 

Comi'ott  Landing*  Bertie  co.,  N.C,  is  on  the  Roan- 
oke River,  9  miles  from  Windsor. 

Comisa*  ko-mee's&,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Lissa.     Pop.  2945. 

Comiso,  kom'ee-so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Syra^ 
cuse,  13  miles  W.  of  Ragusa.     Pop.  16,654. 

Comitan*  ko-me-t&n',  or  Comitlan,  ko-meet-l&n  . 
called  also  Santo  Domingo  de  Comitan,  sin'to  do- 
meeng'go  di'  ko-mee-tin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa, 
on  the  Grijalva,  40  miles  S.E.  of  San  Cristoval.  It  has  a 
superb  church  and  a  large  convent,  and  is  a  place  of  con- 
siderable contraband  trade. 

Comite,  ko-meet',  a  small  river  of  Louisiana,  rises  in 
East  Feliciana  parish,  and,  flowing  southward,  enters  the 
Amite  about  15  miles  E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 


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Comiti)  ko-inee'tee,  or  Comitini,  ko-me-tee'nee,  a 
town  of  Sicily,  province  and  36  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Girgenti. 
Here  are  rich  sulphur-mines.     Pop.  1853. 

Comitlan,  a  town  of  Mexico,    See  Comitan. 

Com'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Danville. 

Com'mac,  or  Com'ac^  a  post-village  of  SuflFolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Huntington  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Northport 
Station,  and  about  37  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  250. 

Commen'da,  a  British  fort  of  West  Africa,  Gold  Coast, 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle,  having  near  it  a  town 
with  3000  inhabitants. 

Comm  entry )  kom^mduoHree',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Allier,  on  the  CBil,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Montluf  on.  It 
gives  its  name  to  a  coal-field  which  occupies  a  considerable 
area  and  is  extensively  worked.     Pop.  9978. 

Commeragh  (kom^e-r&H')  Mountains^  a  mountain- 
range  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Waterford,  rising  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Suir,  somewhat  abruptly  from  the  water's  edge,  to  an 
average  height  of  1760  feet  above  sea-level. 

Com'merce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conecuh  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
56  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Commerce,  a  post- village  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Commerce,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  oo.,  Micb.,  in 
CJommerce  township,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pontiac,  and  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  carriage-factory.  The  township  contains  numerous 
small  lakes,  in  which  fish  abound.  Pop.  about  300  ,■  of  the 
township,  1276. 

Commerce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tunica  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  21  miles  W.  of  Hernando.  Here  are  3 
stores  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Commerce,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  Mo.,  in  Com- 
merce township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  30  miles 
above  Cairo,  and  125  miles  by  land  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  pottery,  wagons,  &c.  Pop.  about  1000  j  of  the  town- 
ship, 1577. 

Commerce,  a  hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  an  institute  or  sem- 
inary, a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Commerce,  a  hamlet  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles  from 
Bonham.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  3  stores. 

Commer'cial  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co., 
111.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo. 

Commer'cial  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co., 
0.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  154. 

Commercy,  kom^mfiR^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meuse, 
25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bar-le-Duc,  on  the  Meuse.    Pop.  4960. 

Commewyne,  or  Commewyna,  kom-m§h-wi'na,  a 
river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  rising  in  the  E.  part  of  the  colony, 
is  joined  by  the  Cottica,  after  which  it  forms  a  wide  and 
majestic  stream  and  falls  into  the  estuary  of  the  Surinam. 
Length,  about  100  miles. 

CommiHa,  a  town  of  India.    See  Comillah. 

Commines,  towns  of  France  and  Belgium.    See  Co- 

UINES. 

Commis'key,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville  Branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky,,  and  10  miles  S.  of  North  "Ver- 
non. It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  quarries  of  fine 
blue  limestone. 

Commissioner's  (kom-mish"^n-§rz)  Creek,  Geor- 
gia, runs  southeastward  through  Wilkinson  co.,  and  enters 
the  Oconee  River  about  1  mile  below  the  point  where  the 
Georgia  Central  Railroad  crosses  that  river. 

Com'mons  Vil'Iage,  a  hamlet  of  Little  Compton 
township,  Newport  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  75. 

Com'monsville,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Erie  Canal,  1  mile  from  Dansville.  It  is 
adjacent  to  Woodville.  It  has  a  foundry  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  reapers. 

Commu'nia,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 

Commu'nipaw,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Jersey 
City,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  2  miles 
from  New  York. 

Como,  a  lake  of  Italy.    See  Lago  di  Como. 

Co'mo  (ano.  Go'tnum),  an  episcopal  city  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Lago  di  Como,  in  a  delightful  valley 
enclosed  by  hills  covered  with  gardens  and  with  olive- 
and  chestnut-groves,  28  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Milan.  Pop, 
24,360.     It  has  a  public  library,  a  botanic  garden,  3  gym- 


nasia, and  a  museum  of  antiquities.  Chief  edifices,  the 
cathedral,  commenced  in  1396,  built  entirely  of  marble  and 
decorated  with  numerous  works  of  art,  and  an  ancient  town 
hall,  also  of  marble.  Manufactures  comprise  woollens,  silks, 
cotton,  and  soap.  Como  was  a  place  of  importance  under 
the  Romans,  having  been  rendered  so  by  a  colony  of  Greeks 
sent  there  by  Julius  Caesar,  when  it  obtained  the  name  of 
No'vum  Co'mum. 

Como,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  bounded 
N.  by  Switzerland.  Area,  1049  square  miles.  It  is  in  the 
beautiful  lake-region  of  Northern  Italy,  and  produces  much 
wine  and  silk.     Capital,  Como.     Pop.  477,642. 

Co'mo,  a  post-oflSce  of  Dallas  co.,  Ark, 

Como,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  on  Rock 
River,  1  mile  from  Gait  Station  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Sterling.  It  haa  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Como,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa. 

Como,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  about  110 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Como,  a  station  in  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Laramie. 

Como,  a  post- village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
S,  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  37  miles  W.  of 
Montreal.  It  is  a  landing-place  of  the  Ottawa  River 
steamers.     Pop.  200. 

Como  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  44  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  2  churches,  a  free  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Como'do,an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Sumbawa  and  Flores.  Lat.  8°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  120°  E.  Length, 
about  35  miles. 

Comoe,  ko-m5',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Boossa,  on  the 
Niger.     Lat.  9°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  7'  E. 

Comora,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Zauora. 

Co'morn  {Qer.Ko'mom;  Hun.  A'omdrom,  ko^miVom'), 
a  town  of  Hungary,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Waag  with  the 
Danube,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pesth.  It  is  on  the  island 
called  Great  Schiitt,  at  its  eastern  or  lower  extremity.  Its 
railway  station  is  at  Neu-Szony,  across  the  Danube.  Its 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular.  It  contains  4  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  a  Greek  church,  2  Protestant  places  of 
worship,  and  a  synagogue.  The  other  public  buildings  are 
a  town  hall,  a  council-house,  some  large  warehouses,  2 
theatres,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  hospital.  Its  fortress,  the 
ramparts  of  which  extend  along  the  margin  of  the  Danube 
to  the  end  of  the  promontory  at  which  the  Waag  joins  it, 
is  considered  one  of  the  strongest  in  Europe.  It  was  long 
unsuccessfully  besieged  by  the  Austrians  in  1848-9.  The 
Danube  is  here  crossed  by  a  flying  bridge  and  a  bridge  of 
boats.  Comom  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  tanneries, 
&o. ;  also  a  trade  in  wine,  timber,  fish,  grain,  honey,  &c.  In 
the  vicinity  excellent  coal  is  obtained.     Pop.  12,256. 

Co'morn,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  19 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fredericksburg.     It  has  2  stores. 

Comoro  (kom'o-ro)  Isles,  a  group  of  volcanic  islands 
in  the  Mozambique  Channel,  360  miles  from  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Madagascar,  and  200  miles  from  the  E.  coast  of  Africa, 
between  lat.  11°  and  13°  S.  and  Ion.  43°  and  45°  30'  E. 
Pop.  estimated  at  70,000,  comprising  Arabs,  negroes,  and 
Malagassies.  The  professed  religion  is  Mohammedanism. 
The  group  consists  of  the  islands  Angaziya,  or  Great  Comoro, 
Johanna,  Mayotte,  and  Mohilla,  with  many  islets.  The 
islands  are  mountainous,  and  fertile  in  tropical  productions. 
The  meadows  maintain  great  herds  of  cattle,  and  the  riveri 
abound  in  fish.  The  Arabs  manufacture  coarse  cloths, 
jewelry,  and  small-arms.  The  commerce  was  formerly  im- 
portant, and  extended  to  India.  Chief  exports,  cocoanut 
oil  and  tortoise-shell.  The  Comoros  are  governed  by  sul- 
tans, one  of  whom  resides  in  nearly  every  town.  Mayotte, 
with  several  small  islands,  belongs  to  France. 

Co^mox',  formerly  written  Komooks',  a  post-village 
on  Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  of  the  same  name  (sometimes  called  the  Courtenay 
River),  129  miles  N.W.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  fine  harbor 
and  mines  of  good  lignitic  coal.     Pop.  102. 

Com'pany  Mills,  a  post-oflSce  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Company  Shops,  a  post-village  of  Alamance  oo., 
N.C,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Greens- 
borough.  It  has  a  church,  a  tobacco -factory,  a  college,  and 
a  money-order  post-office. 

CompassTiIle,  kilm'pas-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  in  West  Cain  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Parkesburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Compensa'tion,apost-hamletof  Claiborne  CO.,  Tenn., 
16  miles  W.  of  Tazewell,  near  Powell's  River.  It  has  « 
church. 


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937 


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Competa,  koiu-p&'t&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
M  miles  X.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2991. 

Competinc,  kom'pe-tin,  a  post-township  and  hamlet 
«f  Wapello  CO.,  Iowa,  aoout  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  929. 

Competition^  kom-pe-tlsh'iin,  a  post-hamlet  of  La- 
«lede  00.,  Mo.,  1  mile  from  the  Gasconade  River,  and  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Compiano,  kom-pe-&'no  (ano.  Complanumf),  a  town 
of  Italy,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  walls  entered  by  3  gates  and  commanded  by  a 
oastle.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  4706. 

ijompi^gue,  koM^p^-ain'  (L.  Cotnpen'dium),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Oise,  on  the  Oise,  and  on  the  rail- 
way from  Paris  to  Saint-Quentin,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  12,923.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  communal 
college,  a  public  library,  a  theatre,  manufactures  of  muslins, 
hosiery,  and  cordage,  and  commerce  in  wood  and  grain. 
Chief  edifices,  the  church  of  the  ancient  Abbey  of  St.  Cor- 
neille  (the  burial-place  of  many  of  the  early  kings  of 
France),  the  Hdtel  de  Ville,  and  the  Pont  Neuf.  It  has  a 
splendid  palace,  one  of  the  finest  in  France,  surrounded  by 
apaoious  parks  and  a  forest  of  30,000  acres. 

Compostela,  Spain.     See  Santiago  db  Compostbla. 

Compostela,  kom-pos-t4'l&,  or  Com^postel'la^  a 
town  of  Mexico,  formerly  capital  of  the  state  of  Jalisco, 
100  miles  W.  of  Guadalajara.     It  has  silver-mines,  but  is 

tarly  deserted  on  account  of  its  unhealthy  climate. 
Compreignac,  k6H^pr&n^y&k',  a   village   of  France, 
Haute-Vienne,  12  miles  N.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  2401. 
Com'promise)  a  post-township  of  Champaign  co.,  HI. 

iop.  707. 
iCompsa,  an  ancient  name  for  C!onza. 
Comp'stall,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  5 
^es  E.  of  Stockport.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton. 
rComptat-Yenaissin.    See  Comtat-Venaissin, 
'Compt^     d'Avignon,    k6NoH4'     diVeen^y6jN»',    or 
Comptat  d'Avignon,  k6s»H4'  diVeen^y6No',  an  old 
division   of  France,  which,  with   the   Comtat-Venaissin, 
forms  nearly  the  whole  of  the  department  of  Yaucluse.     It 
was  held  by  the  popes  from  1228  to  1791,  when  it  was 
onited  to  France  by  a  decree  of  the  National  Assembly. 

Comp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Los 
Angeles,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  artesian  wells.     Pop.  636. 

Coinpton,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co..  111.,  in  Brooklyn 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.  of  Amboy,  and  44  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a  steam 
flouring-mill,  an  elevator,  a  planing-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Comp'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec,  bor- 
dering on  the  states  of  Maine  and  New  Hampshire.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and  by  the  Eaton 
River.  It  is  rich  in  mineral  and  agricultural  wealth.  Area, 
1320  square  miles.     Capital,  Cookshire.     Pop.  13,665. 

Compton^  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  Coaticook  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  114i 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal,  and  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sherbrooke. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  7  stores,  a  ladies'  college,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  500. 

Com'rade  BayoU)  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  rises  in  Vernon 
parish,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Calcasieu  River 
in  the  W.  part  of  Rapides  parish. 

Comrie)  kum'r$,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  on 
the  Earn  and  Lednook,  5  miles  W.  of  Crieff.  Its  industries 
are  distilling  and  woollen-  and  cotton- weaving.  Among  its 
antiquities  are  remnants  of  several  Druidic  buildings  and 
of  a  Roman  camp.  Earthquake-shocks  are  here  remarkably 
frequent.     Pop.  1166. 

Com'stock,  a  hamlet  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Rail- 
road, about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Comstock,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Comstock  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River  and  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  ma- 
chine-shop.    Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1974. 

Comstock,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Douglas  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  32  miles  S. 
of  Eugene  City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Comstock^s,  a  station  in  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  the  Penn- 
€ylvania  line. 

Comstock's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Fort  Ann  township,  on  the  Champlain  Canal  and  the 
Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Whitehall. 
It  has  a  church  and  20  dwellin£s. 
60 


Comtat-Yenaissin,    or    Comptat -Yenaissin, 

k6N<»Hi'-v^h^nA8*s4N»'  (L.  Comita'tus  Vindisci'nut),  a  small 
province  of  France,  formerly  dependent  on  Provence,  and 
now  included  in  the  department  of  Yaucluse.  See  Covpt^ 
d'Avionon. 

Comum*  the  ancient  name  of  Couo. 

Conac,  ko^nd.k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6ri- 
eure,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  300. 

Coiiacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Cognac. 

Co'nan,  or  Co'non,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  ot  Koss, 
enters  Cromarty  Firth  near  Dingwall.     Length,  35  miles. 

Conan  Bridge,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  banks 
of  the  above  river,  2i  miles  S.  of  Dingwall.     Pop.  343. 

Co'nant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  111.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Pinckneyville. 

Conasau'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Conasauga  River,  Georgia.  See  Connasaitsa  River. 

Con'away,  a  post-village  of  Tyler  oo.,  W.  Ya.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Middlebourne.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Concan,  kon'kan,  or  The  Concan,  a  region  of 
India,  bounded  W.  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  E.  by  the  moun- 
tains called  Western  Ghauts,  and  N.  and  S.  respectively  by 
the  Portuguese  colonies  of  Daman  and  Goa.  It  is  now 
divided  into  the  British  districts  of  Tannah  and  Rutna- 
gherry.     It  is  remarkable  for  its  enormous  rainfall. 

Concarneau,  k6N<»^kaR^n5',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Finistdre,  on  an  island  in  the  bay  De-la-For£t,  Atlantic 
Ocean,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Quimper.  The  population  (4357) 
is  chiefly  engaged  in  taking  and  curing  pilchards.  The 
town  is  defended  by  a  fort  and  surrounded  by  ancient  walls. 

Concei^fto,  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.     See  Itanhaen. 

Conceipfto,  kon-si-s5wN<>'  or  kon-s4-s&'6N»,  a  village 
of  Brazil,  in  Alagoas,  on  the  Curaripe,  4  miles  from  the  sea, 
near  Poxim. 

Coucei4;&o,  a  city  of  Brazil,  on  the  Palma,  340  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Goyaz.    Lat.  12°  S.;  Ion.  48°  5'  W. 

Concei^fto-da-Serra,  kon-siL-s5wN«'-d&-sdR'R&,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito  Santo,  N.N.W.  of  Victoria. 
Pop.  1500. 

Concei^Slo-de-Lagoa,  kon-s4-s5wN<>'-d4-l&-go'&,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  the  island  of  Santa  Catharina,  E.  of  Des- 
terro.     Pop.  3000. 

ConceiQfto-de-Noguega,  kon-sA-s5wN»'-di-no-gi'- 
g&,  a  town  of  Brilzil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  85  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  1200. 

Concei9&o-d'Itamarca,  kon-fA-86wN»'.de-t4-m»R'- 
ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pernambuco,  16  miles  N. 
of  Olinda,  and  capital  of  the  district  of  the  island  of  Itii- 
marca,  on  its  W.  coast.  The  population  of  the  district  is  esti- 
mated at  12,000.  This  town  has  long  been  in  a  state  of  decay. 

Concei<j&o-do-Serro,  kon-si-sowNo'-do-s^R'Ro,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  N.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 
Pop.  of  district,  8000,  employed  in  gold-mines. 

Concentaina,  or  Concentayna,  a  town  of  Spain 

See  COCENTAYNA. 

Concepcion,  or  Concepcion-del-Arroyo-de- 

la- China,  kon-s£p-se-on'-ddl-aR-Ro'yo-d&-I&-chee'n&,  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  of  Entre  Rios, 
about  160  miles  N.  of  Buenos  Ay  res.  It  has  a  college,  with 
good  buildings,  and  is  a  handsome  town.     Pop.  6513. 

Concepcion,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of  Tarija, 
240  miles  S.E.  of  Chuquisaca,  in  a  fertile  country,  pro- 
ducing wine.     Pop.  2000. 

Concepcion,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of  Santa 
Cruz,  145  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  in  an  ele- 
vated district,  containing  mines.     Pop.  2200. 

Concepcion,  kon-s5p-se-6n',  Concepcion- la- 
Nueva,  kon-s4p-se-6n'-li-nwi'vi,  Concepcion-de- 
Mocha,  kon-slp-se-on'-d4-mo'ch&,  or  Concepcion- 
de-Peuco,  kon-sfip-se-5n'-d4-p8n'ko,  a  port  of  Chili, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  270  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Santiago  de  Chili,  on  the  river  Biobio,  and  7i  miles 
from  its  mouth.  Lat.  36°  49'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  73°  6'  30"  W. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop  and  of  a  military  commandant, 
and  contains  a  college,  a  cathedral,  large  flour-mills,  and  a 
seminary.  It  is  a  well-built  town,  connected  by  rail  with 
Tome  and  Talcaguana.  The  port  at  Talcaguana,  on  the  Bay 
of  Concepcion,  8  miles  distant,  is  one  of  the  best  in  Chili. 
There  is  a  trade  in  grain,  hides,  wine,  flour,  tallow,  and  beef; 
and  in  the  vicinity  is  a  coal-mine.  It  has  been  several 
times  overthrown  by  earthquakes.     Pop.  in  1889,  40,302. 

Concepcion,  kon-sdp-se-Sn',  a  province  of  Chili,  hav- 
ing Nuble  on  the  N.  and  Biobio,  with  Angol,  on  the  S. 
Area,  3563  square  miles.  It  contains  great  fertile  plains, 
and  has  mines  of  coal.    Capital,  Concepcion.    Pop.  204,645. 

Concepcion,  kon-sip-se-On',  or  Conception,  kon- 


CON 


938 


CO^ 


uAp'shun,  an  island  and  headland  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, and  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  78 
miles  E.  of  Puerto  Bello. 

Concepcion,  a  town  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  on  the  frontier  of  Costa  Kica,  70  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chagres,  and  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  stream 
of  its  own  name. 

Concepcion,  or  Villa  Real  de  la  Concepcion, 
veel'yi  ri-il'  dk  li  kon-sJp-ee-on',  a  town  of  Paraguay, 
capital  of  a  department  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Paraguay, 
135  miles  N.N.E.  of  Assumption.     Pop.  1800. 

Concepcion,  kon-sep'se-on,  a  post-village  of  Duyal 
eo.,  Tex.,  150  miles  S.W.  of  Cuero.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  saddles  and  wagons. 

Concepcion  Bay,  Chili,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  8  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Concepcion.  It  is  about 
5  miles  across,  and  has  an  entrance  on  either  side  of  the 
island  of  Quiriquino.  It  receives  the  Biobio  River,  and 
affords  good  anchorage.  Tome  and  Talcaguana  are  on  its 
shores. 

Concepcion-del-Pao,  kon-sfip-se-on'-dfil-pi'o,  a 
town  of  Venezuela,  110  miles  S.  of  Barcelona. 

Concepcion- la-Nueva,  Concepcion-de«Mo- 
cha,  or  Concepcion-de-Penco.    See  Concepcion. 

Concep'tion,  or  La  Concepcion,  1&  kon-sep-se-Sn', 
an  island  of  the  Bahamas,  25  miles  S.E.  of  San  Salvador. 

Conception,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Concepcion. 

Conception,  kon-sep'shiin,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway 
CO.,  Mo.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Maryville,  is  the  seat  of  a  Bene- 
dictine monastery,  and  of  a  convent  of  Ladies  of  the  Per- 
petual Adoration.     It  has  a  church. 

Concep'tion  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  its 
eastern  coast,  N.W.  of  St.  John's;  lat.  48°  N.,  Ion.  53°  W. 
It  has  several  ports,  the  principal  being  Harbor-Grace. 

Conception  Strait,  an  inlet  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 
between  Hanover  Island  and  the  Madre  Archipelago,  and 
continuous  with  Mesier  Channel. 

Con'cert,  a  post-office  of  Mahaska  oc,  Iowa. 

Conchagua,  kon-ch&'gw&,  an  extinct  volcano  of 
Central  America,  in  the  republic  of  Salvador,  70  miles  E.S.E. 
of  the  city  of  San  Salvador,  at  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance 
to  the  Gulf  of  Conchagua.  Though  not  very  lofty,  it  com- 
mands fine  views,  embracing  18  other  volcanoes. 

Conchas,  kon'shis,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  about  5°  S.  lat.  and  36°  50'  W.  Ion. 

Conchas,  kon'ch&s,  or  Conchos,  kon'chos,  a  river 
of  Mexico,  in  Durango  and  Chihuahua,  joins  the  Rio  Grande 
near  lat.  29°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  104°  40'  W.,  after  a  northerly 
course  estimated  at  300  miles.  Its  valley  is  the  most  popu- 
lous and  best  cultivated  in  the  table-land  of  Chihuahua. 

Conches,  k6Nsh,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  2482. 

Con'cho,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Concho  River,  which  enters  the  former 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  Area,  1040  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly.     Pop.  in  1890,  1066. 

Concho  River,  Texas,  rises  in  the  district  of  Bexar, 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Concho  co.     It  is  about  170  miles  long. 

Conchucos,  kon-choo'koce,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Ancachs,  is  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Andes, 
on  a  branch  of  Santa  River,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Trujillo. 

Concise,  k6N»^seez',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Neufchatel,  6  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Yverdun.     Pop.  790. 

Concobello,  kon-ko-bfil'lo,  a  town  of  Western  Africa, 
on  the  Congo  River,  near  lat,  4°  30'  S.,  Ion.  10°  E. 

Con^conul'ly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Okanogan  co., 
Washington,  12  miles  W.  of  the  Okanogan  River,  and  30 
miles  S.  of  the  Canadian  border.  It  is  a  large  mining-town, 
producing  gold,  silver,  and  lead.  It  has  a  bank  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  232. 

Concord,  kong'kgrd,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of  Moulton. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Martinez.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  public  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  near  the 
Nanticoke  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Dover.  It  has  a 
ehurch,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla.,  19  miles 
N.  of  Tallahasse.  It  has  3  churches,  several  stores,  a  tan- 
nery, a  steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Williamson,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Zebulon. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  2  cotton-gins,  &o.   Pop.  400. 


Concord,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Beardstown.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1051. 

Concord  (Emma  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  White  co., 
111.,  in  Emma  township,  on  the  Little  Wabash  River,  8  miles 
S.  of  Hawthorn  Station. 

Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  Con- 
cord township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  ig 
traversed  by  St.  Joseph  River.     Pop.  of  township,  1472. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4725. 
It  includes  the  city  of  Elkhart. 

Concord,  a  hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  S. 
of  Lafayette.     Pop.  51. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  103*^ 
It  contains  Cottage  Hill. 

Concord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Concord  township,  1  mile  from  Garner  Station,  which  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Mason  City,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Algona. 
Pop.  about  100 ;  of  the  township,  1176. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  93. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Lonisa  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  637, 
exclusive  of  Fredonia. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  280. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  360. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  25  miles  above  Maysville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  lumber-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  228. 

Concord,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about 
22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhegan,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Kennebec  River.     Pop.  452. 

Concord,  a  post-namlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Federalsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  Is  in 
Concord  township,  tn  the  Concord  River,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Assabet  an4  Sudbury  Rivers,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston. 
It  is  on  the  Framingham  &  Lowell,  Fitchburg,  and  Middle- 
sex Central  Railroads,  and  the  Nashua,  Acton  <fe  Boston 
Railroad  has  its  southern  terminus  at  West  Concord.  It 
contains  a  national  bank,  4  churches,  the  Concord  High 
School,  a  harness-factory,  a  public  library  of  about  12,000 
volumes,  a  reformatory,  and  a  manufactory  of  flannel. 
Emerson,  Thoreau,  Hawthorne,  and  other  eminent  writers 
have  resided  here.  The  banks  of  Concord  River  present 
beautiful  scenery  of  a  quiet  rural  character.  A  provincial 
congress  of  Massachusetts  met  at  Concord  in  October,  1774, 
and  the  town  was  the  scene  of  a  skirmish  between  the  British 
and  a  small  body  of,  militia  on  April  19,  1775,  the  day  on 
which  the  first  blood  of  the  Revolution  was  shed.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1870,  2412;  in  1880,  3922;  in  1890,  4427. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Kalamazoo  River,  in  Concord  township,  and  on  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad  (Air-Line  division),  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Jackson,  and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Lansing.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
flouring-mill.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  is  also  trav- 
ersed by  the  main  line  of  the  Central  Railroad  (North  Con- 
cord Station).     Pop.  of  the  township,  1334. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Zumbro  River,  in  Concord  township,  2  miles 
from  Dodge  Centre,  and  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  haa  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  960. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  about  12 
miles  S.  of  Mexico.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam-mill. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2491 
It  contains  Plattsburg. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1343. 

Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Platts- 
mouth. 

Concord,  a  city,  the  capital  of  New  Hampshire,  and  of 
Merrimack  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Merrimack  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Manchester,  and  73 
miles  by  railroad  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  Lat.  about  43°  13' 
N. ;  Ion.  71°  29'  W.  It  extends  2  miles  or  more  along  the 
river,  and  has  wide  straight  streets,  lighted  by  electricity. 
The  hotels  and  principal  business  houses  are  on  Main 
street  and  Railroad  Square.  Concord  is  supplied  with 
good  water  by  works  constructed  in  1872  at  an  expense  of 
$200,000.  It  contains  a  granite  state-house,  a  government 
building,  and  the  state  library  building,  situated  in  the 
centre  of  a  beautiful  common  shaded  with  maples  and 
el».is,  a  city  hall,  12  churches  (4  Congregational,  3  Baptist, 
2  Methodist,  1  Unitarian,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Univer- 
salist),  3  national  banks,  3  savings-banks,  a  state  prison, 
a  high  school,  St.  Paul's  School  (Episcopal),  charmingly 


CON 


939 


CON 


located  about  one  mile  from  the  state-house,  a  state  lunatic 
asylum,  and  a  public  library,  besides  the  state  library  of 
11,000  volumes.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Concord  has  abundant  water-power,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  car- 
riages, machinery,  leather  belting,  wooden-ware,  organs,  &c. 
It  is  connected  with  Boston  by  the  Concord  &  Montreal 
Railroad.  The  other  railroads  which  meet  here  are  the 
Concord  &  Claremont,  and  the  Concord  division  of  the 
Boston  &  Maine.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  granite,  of 
which  large  quantities  are  exported.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,241 ; 
in  1880,  13,843;  in  1890,  16,948. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Erie  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  3186.  It 
includes  Woodward's  Hollow,  Springville,  Ac. 

Concord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cabarrus  oo.,  N.C., 
23  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salisbury,  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Char- 
lotte. It  has  12  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  ofBces,  a 
seminary  for  colored  girls,  a  flour-mill,  iron-works,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  sheetings,  plaids,  bags,  &c.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4339. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  869. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1028. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.    Pop.  1035. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  1092. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Scioto  River^__^ 

Concord,  a  township  of  Fayelte^co.,  0.  Pop.  981.  It 
contains  Staunton. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1262. 
it  contains  Sugar  Tree  Ridge  and  a  part  of  Fairfax. 
'  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Concord 
ownship,  and  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad, 

miles  S.  of  Painesville.  It  has  a  church.  The  township 
las  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  797. 

Concord,  a  hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty  town- 
hip,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Miami  co.^TO.  Pop.  4701.  It 
deludes  Troy,  the  county  seat. 

Concord,  Muskingum  co.,  0.    See  New  Concord. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  2772.  It 
Ontains  Frankfort. 

t  Concord,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  926. 
,  Concord,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1293. 
foncord  Station,  in  this  township,  is  at  Concordville. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1436.  See 
Iso  Concord  Station.  / 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  in  Fan- 
let  township,  about  44  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3 
hurches.     Pop.  about  350. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  800. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1514. 

Concord,  a  post- village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Hel- 
ton River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 

ilroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church,  a 

ur-mill,  3  saw-mills,  and  a  masonic  high  school. 

Concord,  a  hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  from 
"Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Concord,  a  post-township  of  Essex  oo.,  Vt.,  about  10 
miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  is  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Connecticut 
River.     Pop.  1276.     It  contains  West  Concord. 

Concord,  Virginia.    See  Concord  Depot. 

Concord,  a  post-ofBce  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.  See 
also  Concord  Church. 

Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo..  Wis.,  in  Con- 
cord township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  creamery  or  oheese-faotory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1522. 

Concord  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hinton.  Here  is  a  church  ;  also  the 
Mercer  County  Normal  School. 

Concord  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Concordia,  kon-kor'd§-a,  a  parish  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  Red  River,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Ouachita  River,  all  of  which  are  navigable 
by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  level,  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  and  partly  subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  cotton  is  the  staple  product.  It  is  intersected 
in  the  N.  by  the  New  Orleans  &  Northwestern  and  the 
Natchez,  Red  River  &  Texas  Railroads,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Vidalia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9977 ; 
in  1880,  14,914:  in  1890,  14,871. 

Concordia,  or  Concordia  di  Qua,  kon-koR'de-i 
dee  kwi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles  N.  of  Mo- 
dena.     Pop.  of  commune,  9336. 


Concordia,  Concordia  di  Qua,  or  Concordia 
Sagittaria,  si-jeet-t4'ree-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  2672. 

Concordia,  or  La  Concordia,  1&  kon-koR'de-&,  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  on  the  Uruguay,  province 
of  Entre  Rios,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bajada  de  Santa  F6. 
A  railway  97  miles  long  connects  it  with  Monte  Caseros. 
Pop.  5498. 

Concordia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Elberton.  It  has  several  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  cotton-gin,  Ac. 

Concordia,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Republican  River,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City,  and  on  the  Central  Branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  155  miles  W.  of  Atchison. 
It  has  a  church,  a  state  normal  school,  a  United  States  land 
office,  and  two  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  3184. 

Concordia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  90  miles  below  Louisville.     Pop.  116. 

Concordia,  a  post-village  and  shipping-point  of  Bol- 
ivar CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  a  church, 
an  oil-mill,  and  several  stores.  It  is  stated  that  8000  bales 
of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here. 

Concordia,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  ia 
Freedom  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Sedalia  and 
Lexington,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  college,  a  public  and  numerous 
other  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  716. 

Concord  (kong'kprd)  River,  Massachusetts,  is  formed 
by  the  Assabet  and  Sudbury  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Con- 
cord. It  runs  nearly  northward  in  Middlesex  co.,  and 
enters  the  Merrimac  River  at  the  city  of  Lowell.  The  direct 
distance  from  Concord  to  its  mouth  is  about  12  miles.  This 
river  has  been  well  described  by  Thoreau  in  his  "  Week  on 
the  Concord  and  Merrimac  Rivers." 

Concord  Station  (Elgin  Post-Office),  a  station  of 
Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Corry.  It  is  in  the  borough  of  Elgin.  Half  a  mile 
S.  is  Concord  Station,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad. 

Concordville,  kong'k9rd-vil,  a  post-village  of  Dela- 
ware CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  boarding-school,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Con'cow,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  490. 

Concrete,  kon-kreet',  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co., 
Tex.,  10  miles  N.  of  Cuero  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  high  school,  and  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies  and 
groves  of  evergreen  live-oak. 

Con'damine^  River,  Queensland,  Australia,  is  a  head- 
stream  of  the  Darling  River.     Lat.  27°  S.;  Ion.  151°  E. 

Con^dapil'Iy,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  the  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Masulipatam,  on  the 
Kistnah.    Pop.  5210. 

Condat,  k6N>»Mfl,',  a  village  of  France,  in  OorrJze,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1606. 

Condat,  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  26  miles 
W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1384. 

Condat' chy,  a  bay  and  village  of  Ceylon,  on  its  western 
coast,  120  miles  N.  of  Colombo.  It  is  a  centre  of  the  pearl- 
fishery. 

Condate.    See  Cosne,  Montereau,  and  Rennes. 

Condat-en-F6niers,k6No^di'tftN»-fi^ne-i',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Cantal,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  748. 

Condati  Lilice,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Libourne. 

Cond^,  k6NoM&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Haine  and  Scheldt,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Valenciennes.  Pop.  3382.  It  is  enclosed  by  strong  fortifi- 
cations and  well  built.  It  has  a  handsome  church,  a  town 
hall,  arsenal,  military  hospital,  a  harbor  for  river-craft, 
manufactories  of  chiccory,  starch,  leather,  and  cordage,  an 
extensive  trade  in  coals  and  cattle,  and  large  corn-markets. 

Coude,  kun'di,  a  to^n  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  state  and 
85  miles  N.E.  of  Bahia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Inhambupe. 
It  has  a  trade  in  sugar,  tobacco,  and  mandioca.    Pop.  2000. 

Conde,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  20  miles  S.  of 
Parahyba.     Pop.  800. 

Conde,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Par^,  on  the  Tocantins,  upon  an  island  formed  by  thii 
river,  the  Moju,  and  the  Iguapg  Mirim. 

Cond6-en-Brie,  k6NoMft'-6N»-bree,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aisne,  8  miles  E.  of  Chateau-Thierry.     Pop.  651. 

Cond^-sur-Huisne,  k6NoMi'-siiR-ween,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Orne,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1241. 

Cond6-sur-Iton,  k6NoMi'-siiR-eeHAN"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Eure,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  892. 

Cond6-sur-Noirean,  k6N»Mi'-sUR-nwi^r?!'.  »  town 


CON 


940 


CON 


of  Franoe,  in  Calvados,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Noireau 
and  Drouance,  25  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Caen.  It  has 
manufactories  of  linens,  cotton,  and  mixed  fabrics,  muslins, 
cotton  yarn,  cutlery,  and  leather;  also  a  trade  in  cattle, 
horses,  and  honey.     Pop.  6836. 

Conde-sur-Vire,  k6K»Mi'-8iiR-TeeB,  a  Tillage  of 
France,  in  Manche,  on  the  Yire,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Ld. 
Pop.  2011. 

CondesuyoSy  konMi-soo'yoce,  a  district  of  Peru,  in 
the  department  of  Arequipa,  extending  from  the  N.E. 
boundary  of  Bolivia  to  Camana  on  the  W.,  and  intersected 
N.E.  to  S.W.  by  the  Val  de  Mayes.  Wine,  grain,  and 
cochineal  are  produced  in  abundance.  The  gold-mines  here 
are  not  so  productive  as  formerly.     Pop.  20,146. 

Cond6-Vieux,  k6N<»'di'-ve-uh',  or  Yieux-Cond^, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  just  below  Cond6.     Pop.  3617. 

CondinO)  kon-dee'no,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the 
province  of  Tyrol,  21  miles  W.  of  Roveredo.     Pop,  1451. 

Con'dit,  a  township  of  Champaign  oo.,  111.     Pop.  755. 

Condit,  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lan- 
sing division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  43  miles 
8.  of  Lansing. 

Condit;  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.,  in  Trenton 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus 
Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.E,  of  Columbus. 

Condivincuni)  the  ancient  name  of  Nantes. 

Condochates,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Gunduck. 

Condom,  k6NoM6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  on  the 
Bayse,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auoh.  Pop.  4933.  Its  interior 
is  ill  built,  but  it  has  agreeable  suburbs,  a  large  market- 
square,  a  noble  parish  church,  an  exchange,  2  hospitals, 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  mixed  fabrics,  porcelain,  leather, 
»nd  woollen  stuffs,  and  an  active  trade  in  rural  produce. 

Condomois,  k6N"^do^mw&',  a  district  of  France,  de- 
partments of  Gers,  Landes,  and  Lot-et- Garonne. 

Con'don,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gilliam  co.,  Oregon, 
32  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Arlington.  It  has  2  churches,  graded 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  224. 

Condor,  island,  China  Sea.    See  Poou)-Coni>or. 

Con'dor,  a  post- village  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Dublin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  160. 

Condorillo,  a  river  of  Bolivia.    See  Cochabambjl. 

Condrieu,  k6N»Mre-Dh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhdne, 
21  miles  S.  of  Lyons,  on  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2575. 

Conecocheague,  Md.    See  Conocochbagcb  Cbkek. 

Conecnh,  ko-nee'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  804  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Sepulga  and  other  affluents  of  the  Conecuh.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  extensively  covered  with  pines.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad.  Capital,  Evergreen. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9574,:  in  1880,  12,605;  in  1890,  14,594. 

Conecuh  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Pike  co.,  runs 
Bouthwestward,  and  enters  the  Escambia  River  in  Florida, 
about  3  miles  from  the  south  boundary  of  Alabama.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  176  miles. 

Conedogwin'it  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Frank- 
lin CO.,  runs  nearly  northeastward,  intersects  Cumberland 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  2  miles  above  Har- 
risburg.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Conegliano,  ko-nil-y4'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy, 

Erovince  and  15  miles  N.  of  Treviso.  Pop.  7746.  It  is  well 
uilt,  has  a  cathedral  and  a  citadel,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  silk  fabrics.  It  was  created  a  duchy  by  Napo- 
leon for  MarSchal  Moncey. 

Conejera,  ko-nk-uk'iL,  a  small  uninhabited  island  of 
the  Mediterranean,  6  miles  from  Cape  Salinas  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Ivi9a. 

Conejos,  ko-ni'noce,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Colorado,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  the  Rio  San  Juan  and  Rio  Conejos.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  mountains  and  fertile  valleys  and 

Elains.  This  county  comprises  a  large  portion  of  the  great 
an  Luis  Park.  The  soil  and  climate  are  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Gold,  wool,  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Conejos.  Pop.  in  1870,  2604;  in  1880,  6605;  in  1890, 
7193. 

Conejos,  or  Guadalupe,  gw4-di-loo'pi,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Conejos  co..  Col.,  about  125  miles  S.W.  of 
Pueblo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Conejos  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  Conejos  co.,  has  an  altitude  of  13,183  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Conejos  River.    See  Rio  Conejos. 

Conemaugh,  kSn-^maw',  a  river  of  Pennsylvania, 
rises  in  Cambria  co.,  runs  westward  through  a  mountainous 
country,  forms  the  boundary  between  Indiana  and  West- 


moreland COS.,  and  unites  with  the  Loyalhanna  at  Salts- 
burg.     Below  this  point  the  river  is  called  Kiskiminetas. 

Conemaugh,  a  former  post-borough  of  Cambria  co., 
Pa.,  now  forming  part  of  the  city  of  Johnstown.  It  is 
situated  on  Conemaugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Johnstown  proper,  and  36  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Altoona.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from 
manufactures  of  iron,  &o.  It  has  5  churches  and  som* 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Coal  is  mined  in  the 
vicinity. 

Conemaugh,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     P.  1493. 

Conemaugh,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  con 
tiguous  to  Conemaugh  township,  Cambria  co.     Pop.  1172. 

Cone  Mountain,  in  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  is  a  volcanio 
cone,  about  6600  feet  high.  "  One  of  these  conical  moun- 
tains," says  Whitney,  "  which  lay  close  at  the  western  base 
of  Mount  Shasta,  was  so  beautifully  regular  in  its  outline 
that  we  gave  it  the  name  of  Cone  Mountain." 

Cone^quenes'sing  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  ia 
Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  and  runs  southwestward  into  Beaver  co. 
Flowing  thence  northwestward,  it  enters  Slippery  Roclr 
Creek  2  or  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Con'erly's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Magnolia. 

Con^esto'ga,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Con- 
estoga  Creek,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River. 
It  contains  Conestoga  village.     Pop.  2079. 

Conestoga,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Conestoga  township,  2  miles  from  Safe  Harbor,  and  about  9 
miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
nursery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Conestoga  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  near  the  line 
which  separates  Berks  co.  from  Lancaster  oo.,  runs  south  - 
westward  through  the  latter  county,  and  enters  the  Susque- 
hanna River  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Conestoga  Furnace,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Quarry  ville  Branch  of  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Con^esto'go,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Conestogo  and  Grand  Rivers,  8  miles 
N.  of  Berlin.  It  contains  a  distillery,  flax-  and  grist-mills, 
3  hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  450. 

Cone'sus,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  35  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  is  intersected  by  the  Erie 
Railroad,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Conesns  Lake, 
and  on  the  E.  by  Hemlock  Lake.  Pop.  1377.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Conesus  Centre. 

Conesns  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co., 
N.Y.,  is  in  Conesus  township,  and  on  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  231. 

Conesus  Lake,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  in  Living- 
ston CO.,  N.Y.,  about  5  miles  E.  of  Geneseo.  It  is  about  9 
miles  in  length.  An  outlet  issues  from  its  northern  end  and 
enters  the  Genesee  River. 

Conesville,  kdnz'vH,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  co., 
Iowa,  in  Orono  township,  near  the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <jb  Northern  Railroad  (at  Cone 
Station),  48  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  275. 

Conesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Conesville  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  3  churches  and  a  popula- 
tion of  1174. 

Conesville,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Coshocton,  0. 

Conewago,  kon^e-waw'go,  a  township  of  Adams  oo., 
Pa.,  traversed  by  the  Littlestown  Railroad.  Pop.  1029.  It 
contains  McSherrystown. 

Conewago,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  831. 

Conewago,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Conewago,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1382. 
Conewago  Station,  near  this  township,  is  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Conewago  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Adams  co., 
runs  northeastward  through  York  co.,  and  enters  the  Sus- 
quehanna River  about  9  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  York.  It 
is  about  60  miles  long. 

Conewango,  kon^e-wong'go,  a  post-township  of  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y.,  contains  the  village  of  Rutledge,  where 
is  Conewango  Post-Office.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1320.  Con- 
ewango Station  is  on  the  Buffalo  <fc  Jamestown  Railroad,  52 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Conewango,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Pa.  Pep 
1212,  exclusive  of  Warren,  a  borousfh. 


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Conewango  Creek,  an  outlet  of  Chautauqua  Lake, 
drains  the  W.  part  of  Cattaraugus  cc,  N.Y.,  traverses  Chau- 
Miuqua  CO.,  from  which  it  runs  S.  into  Pennsylvania  and 
enters  the  Alleghany  at  Warren.  Length,  about  80  miles. 
Coney,  kS'ne,  a  post-village  of  Dooley  oo,,  Ga.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Americus.     It  has  several  stores. 

Coney  (kS'ne)  Island,  in  Gravesend  township.  Kings 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  entrance  of  New  York  harbor,  and  near 
the  S.W.  angle  of  Long  Island,  is  5  miles  long  by  J  mile 
broad.  It  is  a  popular  place  of  summer  resort,  and  is  a 
terminus  of  several  railroads  connecting  it  with  Brooklyn. 
Steamers  ply,  during  the  bathing  season,  between  the  island 
and  New  York,  which  is  11  miles  distant. 

Co'ney  Island  (anc.  Tnishmulcloghy),  an  island  of  Ire- 
land, in  Sligo  Bay,  li  miles  long. 

kConfarn,  a  village  of  Austria.  See  Gainpahrn. 
Confedera'tion  of  the  Rhine,  a  confederation 
■med  by  the  secondary  states  of  Germany,  under  the  pro- 
tection of  Napoleon,  in  1806.  It  comprised  34  states,  viz., 
the  four  kingdoms  of  Bavaria,  Saxony,  Westphalia,  Wiirtem- 
berg,  and  the  duchies  or  principalities  of  Frankfort,  Berg 
and  Cleves,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  Wurzburg,  Nassau-Usingen, 
Nassau- Weilburg,  Hohenzollern-Hechingen,  Hohenzollern- 
Bigmaringen,  Isenburg-Birkstein,  Liechtenstein,  Leyen, 
Saxe-Weimar,  Saxe-Gotha,  Saxe-Meiningen,  Saxe-Hild- 
burghausen,  Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld,  Anhalt-Dessau,  Anhalt- 
Bernburg,  Anhalt-Cothen,  Lippe-Detmold,  Lippe-Schaum- 
burg,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  Reuss- 
Greitz,  Reuss-Schleitz,  Reuss-Ebersdorf,  Reuss-Lobenstein, 
Sohwarzburg-Sondershausen,  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  and 
Waldeck.  At  the  fall  of  the  French  Empire,  the  states  of 
the  Confederation  of  the  Rhine  combined  with  the  other 
,tes  of  Germany  to  form  the  Germanic  Confederation. 
Con'fidence  (Sugar  Pine  Post-OflSce),  a  hamlet  of 
olumne  co.,  Cal.,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It  has 
eral  stores,  Ac. 
Confidence,  a  station  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by 
of  St.  Louis. 

Confidence,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Wright  township,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Confienza,  kon-fe-Sn'z4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
tont,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2378. 
Conflans,  a  town  of  France.     See  Albert- Viile. 
Conflans,  k6N»^fl6M»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  26 
es  E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  936.    Several  communes  in  the 
tral  and  E.  departments  of  France  have  this  name. 
Conflans-Sainte-Honorine,    k6No'fl6ii»'  -siNt-o^- 
I'reen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine, 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1787. 
Conflenti,  kon-fl5n'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
.tanzaro,  7  miles  N.  of  Nicastro,     Pop.  3345. 
Con'fluence,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa,,  in 
wer  Turkey  Foot  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River, 
the  mouth  of  the  Castleman,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Wash- 
igton  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  84  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
has  2  churches  and  a  shook-factory. 
Confluentes,  the  ancient  name  of  Coblentz. 
Confolens,  or  Confolent,  k6N»^foM6N»',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Charente,  on  the  Vienne,  35  miles  N.E.  ©f  An- 
goulgme.     Pop.  2717.     It  has  a  commercial  college,  a  trade 
in  timber,  cattle,  and  corn,  and  large  monthly  fairs. 

Cong,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Headford.     Pop.  364. 

Congaree,  kong^ga-ree',  a  river  of  South  Carolina, 
formed  by  the  Broad  and  Saluda  Rivers,  which  unite  at 
Columbia,  the  capital  of  the  state.  It  runs  southeastward, 
and  joins  the  Wateree  River  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Rich- 
land CO.  Below  this  junction  the  river  is  called  the  Santee. 
The  Congaree  is  nearly  50  miles  long.  Steamboats  ascend 
it  to  Columbia. 

Congerrille,  kong'gh^r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Wood- 
ford CO.,  111.,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grain-  and  lumber-mill,  2  general  stores,  and 
other  business  houses.     Pop.  about  150. 

Congleton,  kong'g'l-tpn,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Chester,  in  the  deep  valley  of  the  Bane,  near  the  Mao- 
olesfield  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  7i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Macclesfield.  Principal  buildings,  the  Episcopal,  Roman 
Catholic,  and  other  chapels,  town  hall  and  jail,  market- 
house,  and  assembly-rooms.  It  has  a  grammar-school^  some 
cotton-factories,  and  manufactories  of  ribbons  and  other  silk 
fabrics :  also  mines  of  coal.     Pop.  11,344. 

Congo,  kong'go,  or  Zaire,  z4-ee'rA,  a  river  of  Africa 
which  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  largest  rivers  in  the  world. 
Xiittle  was  known  of  its  extent  and  imnortance  until  1877j 


when  H.  M.  Stanley  completed  his  perilous  journey  across 
the  continent,  descending  the  river  Lualaba  of  Livingstone, 
which,  as  Stanley  has  shown,  is  identical  with  the  Congo. 
It  receives  the  waters  of  the  great  lakes  Tanganyika  and 
Bangweolo,  and  has  5  great  cataracts  in  its  eastern  and 
some  30  in  its  western  portion ;  but  in  the  great  central 
basin  of  Africa  it  offers  1400  miles  of  navigable  water.  Its 
lower  course  for  140  miles  from  the  sea  is  practicable  for 
steamship  navigation.  The  volume  of  its  waters  far  ex- 
ceeds that  of  the  Mississippi.  Its  mouth  is  in  lat.  6°  S., 
Ion.  12°  40'  E.  In  times  of  flood,  it  is  said,  its  turbid  waters 
may  be  observed  a  hundred  miles  at  sea.  Its  valley  is  rich 
in  palm  oil,  wild  coffee,  ivory,  and  timber. 

Congo,  a  name  formerly  understood  to  embrace  all  the 
countries  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,,  between  the  equator 
and  lat.  18°  S.,  but  now  restricted  to  the  northernmost  dis- 
trict of  the  Portuguese  colony  of  Angola.  This  district  ex- 
tends from  the  Congo  River  on  the  N.  to  the  Ambriz  on  the 
S.,  besides  embracing  a  small  detached  territory  farther 
northward,  in  which  is  the  seaport  Cabinda,  the  capital  of 
Congo,  with  a  pop.  of  8000. 

Congo  Free  State,  a  territory  of  Africa,  under  the 
sovereignty  of  the  King  of  the  Belgians,  but  not  connected 
in  any  way  with  the  Belgian  government.  It  includes  a 
small  detached  tract  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Congo,  extend- 
ing from  the  sea  inland  to  the  French  possessions ;  but  its 
main  area  reaches  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  Likona 
(an  aflBuent  of  the  Congo  from  the  N.)  northward  to  lat. 
4°  N.,  thence  E.  to  30°  E.  Ion.,  thence  southward  to  Lake 
Bangweolo  (12°  S.),  thence  westward  to  24°  E.,  northward 
to  6°  S.,  and  again  W.  to  a  point  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
river  Congo.  Area,  about  1,056,200  square  miles.  Esti- 
mated pop.  35,000,000.  Chief  products,  palm-oil,  oil-seeds, 
rubber,  ivory,  copal,  coffee,  and  dye-stuffs.  Chief  settle- 
ments. Banana  and  Boma,  ports  on  the  Lower  Congo; 
Matadi,  Vivi,  Stanley  Falls,  Lukunga,  Leopoldville,  and 
Bangala  in  the  interior.  Steamboats  ply  on  the  principal 
rivers. 

Con^goon',  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  115 
miles  S.E.  of  Bushire.     Pop.  6000. 

Congress,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  in  Congress 
township,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mansfield,  and  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  manu- 
factures of  cheese,  flour,  Ac.  Pop.  309.  The  township  con- 
tains a  larger  village,  named  West  Salem,  and  has  a  popula- 
tion of  2581. 

Congru'ity ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.,  s 
miles  N.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  100, 
Conhoc'ton  (or  Cohoc'ton)  River,  New  York,  rises 
near  the  northern  boundary  of  Steuben  co.,  runs  southeast- 
ward in  that  county,  and  unites  with  the  Tioga  River  about 
1  mile  N.W.  of  Coming.  The  stream  formed  by  this  con- 
fluence is  the  Chemung  River.  The  Conhocton  is  nearly 
60  miles  long.  About  40  miles  of  the  Erie  Railroad  (Roohea 
ter  division)  is  in  the  valley  of  this  river. 

Coni,  k5'nee,  or  Cuneo,  koo-ni'o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
capital  of  the  province,  55  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Turin, 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop,  22,882. 

Coni,  or  Cnneo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 
Capital,  Coni.     Area,  2756  square  miles.     Pop.  618,232. 

Conil,  ko-neel',  a  walled  fishing  town  of  Spain,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  sea.     Pop.  4810. 

Conimbriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Coimbra. 
Conisbrongh,  kon'is-brtih,  a  village  of  England,  oo. 
of  York,  West  Ridipg,  on  the  Don,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Rotherham.     Pop.  of  parish,  2119. 

Con'istone  Water,  a  fine  lake  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  4  miles  W.  of  Hawkshead.  It  is  6i  miles  in 
length  from  N.  to  S.,  having  at  its  N.  extremity  the  ro- 
mantic Conistone  Fells,  in  which  are  slate-quarries  and 
copper-mines, 

Conitz,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Konitz. 
Conjeveram,  kon^jev-^r-am',  or  kon-jiv'^r-am  (anc. 
Canchipura,  "  the  golden  city"),  a  considerable  town  of 
British  India,  on  the  river  Palaur,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Madras, 
in  the  district  of  Chingleput.  It  is  a  collection  of  villages 
interspersed  with  gardens,  and  has  several  temples  and  pa- 
godas, and  manufactures  of  cotton,  Ac.     Pop.  37,327. 

Conkair,  or  Konkair,  kon-kire',  a  town  of  India,  on 
the  Mahanuddy,  157  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor. 
Conki,  a  river  of  India.  See  Kankai. 
ConkMin,  or  Conklin  Station,  a  post- village  of 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Conklin  township,  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church  and 
acid-works.  The  post-office  is  Conklin  Station.  Pop.  of 
thetownshin  1290. 


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Conk'Iing,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Owsley  oo.,  Ky.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Booneville.    It  has  a  common  school  and  general  stores. 

Conkling  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Conkling;  Forks,  a  post-oflEice  of  Broome  co,,  N.Y. 

Conk'lingville,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Sacondaga  River,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  wooden-ware. 

Conkliu  Station,  New  York.    See  Conklin. 

Conlie,  k6ij»*lee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  12  miles 
B.W.  of  Mans.     Pop.  1720. 

Conlogue,  kon^log',  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Paris.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Con'na,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  5  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tallow. 

Con^nasau'ga  River  rises  in  Fannin  co.,  Ga.,  and 
touches  the  southern  boundary  of  Tennessee,  from  which  it 
runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  and  unites  with  the  Coosawattee 
about  3  miles  E.  of  Resaca,  Ga.  The  stream  formed  by 
this  union  is  the  Oostenaula  River. 

Connaught,  kon'nawt  (L.  Conna'cia),  the  smallest  of 
the  four  provinces  of  Ireland,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  W. 
by  the  Atlantic,  E.  by  Ulster  and  Leinster,  and  S.E.  by 
Munster.  Greatest  length  from  S.  to  N.,  86  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  81  miles.  Area,  6862  square  miles.  The  W.  por- 
tion is  broken  into  peninsulas,  the  largest  of  which  is  Con- 
nemara,  and  numerous  islands,  as  Achill,  Innisbegil,  Clare, 
Innisboffin,  Arranmore,  <fcc.  The  bays  and  sounds  afford 
commodious  harbors.  The  W.  part  of  the  province,  includ- 
ing the  islands,  is  mountainous;  the  N.  and  S.  extremities 
are  also  elevated,  while  the  centre  forms  one  level  plain. 
Granitic  and  primary  rocks  form  the  northern  part,  com- 
mencing at  Galway  Bay ;  Silurian  strata  extend  W.  of 
Loughs  Corrib  and  Mask,  and  to  this  succeeds  old  red  sand- 
stone. The  centre  and  eastern  parts  are  composed  of  lime- 
stone, and  coal  is  found  in  Lough  Allen  district.  The  prov- 
ince is  divided  into  the  counties  of  Mayo  and  Galway  on 
the  W.,  and  Sligo,  Leitrim,  and  Roscommon  on  the  E. 
Connaught  was  once  a  kingdom  of  the  Irish  heptarchy, 
ruled  by  the  O'Connors,  and  in  1590  was  divided  into  coun- 
ties and»came  under  English  rule.     Pop.  in  1891,  723,573. 

Connaught,  kon'nawt,  a  post-village  in  Dondas  oo., 
Ontario,  23  miles  from  Matilda.     Pop.  500. 

Conneaut,  kon^ne-awt',  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula 
CO.,  0.,  is  on  Conneaut  Creek,  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  and 
on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  and  the 
New  York,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  68  miles  N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  good  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the 
creek.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  3  planing- 
mills,  a  butter-tub  factory,  and  flour-mills.  Two  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  3241 ;  of  the 
township,  4811. 

Conneaut,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  line.     Pop.  1729.     It  contains  Steamburg. 

Conneaut,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1 538,  exclusive  of  Albion. 

Conneaut  Creek  rises  in  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  and 
drains  part  of  Erie  co.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Ashtabula 
CO.,  0.  It  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  nearly 
2  miles  from  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Ohio.  It  is  about  70 
miles  long. 

Con^neaut'ville,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa., 
on  Conneaut  Creek,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville,  3 
miles  from  Conneautville  Station,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie, 
and  113  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  woollen-mill,  an 
iron-foundry,  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs,  and  lumber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  757.  _ 

Connecticut,  kon-net'e-kut,  a  beautiful  river,  rises  in 
the  extreme  northern  part  of  New  Hampshire,  by  several 
branches  which  unite  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Vermont. 
It  runs  southward  and  southwestward,  and  forms  the  entire 
boundary  between  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont.  Below 
the  mouth  of  White  River,  which  is  in  Windsor  co.,  Ver- 
mont, its  general  direction  is  nearly  southward.  Having 
crossed  the  northern  boundary  of  Massachusetts,  it  inter- 
sects the  counties  of  Franklin,  Hampshire,  and  Hampden, 
in  that  state,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  Connecticut.  It 
runs  southward  through  Hartford  co.  to  Middletown,  below 
which  it  flows  southeastward,  until  it  enters  Long  Island 
Sound,  30  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  is  about  450  miles 
long,  and  drains  an  area  of  nearly  10,600  square  miles. 
Vessels  which  draw  8  feet  of  water  can  ascend  it  to  Hart- 
ford, above  which  the  navigation  has  been  improved  by 
panals  around  several  falls.   The  largest  afliuents  that  enter 


it  from  the  west,  or  right,  are  the  Passumpsic,  White,  Deer- 
field,  Westfield,  and  Farmington  Rivers.  From  the  other  side 
it  receives  the  Ammonoosuc,  Miller's,  and  Chicopee  Rivers. 
The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Hartford  and  Middletown 
in  Connecticut,  and  Springfield,  Holyoke,  and  Northampton 
in  Massachusetts.  The  valley  of  the  Connecticut  is  cele- 
brated for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  The  scenery  here  is 
diversified  by  terraces,  bluffs,  mountains,  and  broad  tracts 
of  level  alluvial  land. 

Connecticut,  one  of  the  New  England  or  Eastern 
states  of  the  American  Union,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic, 
and  bounded  N.  by  Massachusetts,  E.  by  Rhode  Island,  S. 
by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W.  by  New  York.  All  four  of 
its  boundary-lines  are  somewhat  irregular.  Its  shore-line 
extends  100  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Byram  River,  at  the 
S.W.  angle  of  the  state,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Pawcatuck 
River,  which  divides  it  for  some  distance  from  Rhode 
Island.  All  the  principal  islands  in  the  sound  belong  to  New 
York.  Area,  4990  square  miles,  of  which  the  land  occu- 
pies 4845  square  miles,  or  3,100,800  acres,  and  the  water 
145  square  miles.  It  is  the  smallest  state  in  the  Union, 
except  Rhode  Island  and  Delaware. 

Face  of  the  Country. — ^Three  principal  river-valleys  oc- 
cupy the  greater  part  of  the  state's  area, — the  valley  of  the 
Thames,  with  its  tributaries  the  Yantic,  Quinnebaug,  She- 
tucket,  Ac,  in  the  E.,  that  of  the  Connecticut  in  the  cen- 
tre,  and  that  of  the  Housatonic  in  the  W.  The  E.  por- 
tion of  the  state  consists  of  rounded,  stony  hills,  affording 
rich  pasturage,  with  narrow  valleys  and  many  well-utilized 
mill-streams,  and  the  region  supports  a  thrifty  agricultural 
and  manufacturing  population.  The  Connecticut  valley, 
especially  near  the  river  and  in  the  parts  remote  from  the 
sound,  is  exceedingly  fertile ;  but  its  southern  portion  is  to 
some  extent  broken  and  contains  some  unproductive  tracts. 
In  the  W.  the  surface  ia  rough,  and  the  hills  are  often  pre- 
cipitous ;  but  the  valley  lands,  though  of  scanty  area,  have 
a  very  generous  soil,  and  dairy-farming  is  successfully  car- 
ried on.  The  water-power  of  Western  Connecticut  is  largely 
put  to  use.  Some  of  the  higher  hills  of  this  region  are  con- 
sidered mountains,  but  deserve  that  name  not  so  much  for 
their  height  as  for  their  abrupt  character.  They  are  con- 
tinuous with  the  Green  and  Taconic  Mountains  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  with  the  Highlands  of  New  York, 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  greater  part  of  Connecticut 
is  underlaid  directly  by  azoic  rocks  of  granitic  or  gneissoid 
character,  with  abundant  marks  of  glacial  action,  and  bear- 
ing large  drift  deposits.  In  the  N.W,  there  is  a  limited 
area  of  the  Devonian  age ;  and  the  immediate  valley  of  the 
Connecticut,  except  in  the  lower  part,  is  Triassic.  At  Port- 
land, opposite  Middletown,  is  quarried  in  great  quantities 
the  valuable  brownstone,  a  favorite  building-material,  espe- 
cially prized  in  New  York.  Extensive  trap  dikes  occur  at 
many  points.  Valuable  iron  ores  have  long  been  wrought 
at  Salisbury,  Kent,  Roxbury,  Canaan,  Cornwall,  Sharon, 
and  other  places,  chiefly  westward,  and  the  metal  produced 
is  of  the  highest  grade  of  excellence.  Copper  occurs  at 
Simsbury,  Bristol,  and  elsewhere,  but  is  not  at  present 
wrought.  Other  mineral  and  quarry  products  are  lime  (New 
Milford,  &c.),  marble  (New  Preston,  Washington,  Ac), 
cement  (Southington,  Berlin),  flagstone  (Bolton,  Haddam), 
feldspar  (Middletown),  and  barium  sulphate  (Southington, 
Cheshire).  Lead,  nickel,  cobalt,  and  other  more  rare  metals 
have  been  obtained  at  various  points,  but  not  in  paying 
quantities.  Of  mineral  springs,  the  sulphurous  chalybeate 
waters  of  Stafford  are  the  most  celebrated. 

Agriculture,  though  by  no  means  a  leading  industrial 
pursuit  here,  is  on  the  whole  a  fairly  remunerative  one, 
owing  to  the  proximity  of  markets  and  the  existence  of  a 
large  number  of  manufacturing  towns.  Fruit,  hay,  and 
dairy-products  are  the  principal  staples  in  the  E.  and  W. 
sections.  Maize,  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  profitable  crops 
in  nearly  all  parts.  Tobacco  is  grown  in  the  Connecticut 
valley,  and  commands  a  high  price  from  its  excellence  in 
making  cigar-wrappers.  Market-gardening  is  a  profitable 
occupation  near  the  larger  towns  and  cities. 

The  manufactures  of  this  small  state  are  very  extensive. 
She  ranks  among  the  foremost  states  not  only  in  the  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  manufacturing,  but  also  in  the  quan- 
tity and  value  of  the  products.  Important  interests  are 
the  manufacture  of  clocks,  paper,  fire-arms,  carriages,  cot- 
ton, woollen,  and  silk  goods,  machinery,  gunpowder,  india- 
rubber,  carpets,  hosiery,  leather,  furniture,  boots  and  shoes, 
fish  oil  and  fertilizers,  iron,  hardware,  straw  goods,  hats,  sad- 
dlery, cooperage,  jewelry,  and  an  infinite  variety  of  small- 
wares.  The  prominent  manufacturing  towns,  cities,  and 
boroughs  are  Hartford,  pop.  in  1890,  53,230  (machinery, 
fire-arms,  subscription-books,  hardware,  Ac.)  j  New  Haven, 


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pop.  81,298  (carriages,  clocks,  rubber  goods,  gunpowder, 
arms);  Bridgeport, 48,886  (carriages, axles, springs, sewing- 
machines,  hats,  metallic  wares);  Norwich,  16,156  (cottons, 
woollens,  arms,  paper,  iron  and  other  metallic  goods) ; 
Waterbury,  28,646  (brass  goods,  pins,  buttons,  rubber  goods, 
M>d  a  great  variety  of  wares) ;  Norwalk,  including  the  city 
of  South  Norwalk,  17,747  (hats,  felts,  castings,  woollens, 
straw  goods,  Ac.) ;  Middletown,  9013  (metal  goods,  leather, 
Ac);  Meriden,  21,652  (carriages,  hardware,  metal  goods, 
eastings,  small-wares) ;  New  London,  13,757  (machines, 
leather,  woollens,  Ac.) ;  New  Britain,  including  the  city 
of  New  Britain,  19,007  (hardware,  hosiery,  metal  goods, 
Ac.) ;  Stamford,  15,700  (woollens,  iron-wares,  Ac.) ;  Dan- 
bury,  16,552  (hats,  sewing-machines,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac.) ; 
Derby,  including  Birmingham,  5969 ;  Ansonia,  10,342 
(iron,  steel,  brass,  and  copper  goods  in  great  variety) ; 
Greenwich,  10,131 ;  Enfield,  7199  (carpets,  cotton  goods, 
ffunpowder) ;  Stonington,  7184,  including  Mystic  (shipping, 
Ac.) ;  Killingly,  7027  (cottons,  shoes,  Ac.) ;  Fairfield,  3868, 
Vernon,  including  the  city  of  Rookville,  8808  (cottons,  wool- 
lens, Ac.) ;  Windham,  including  Willimantic,  10,032  (cot- 
tons, woollens,  Ac.) ;  Groton,  5539  (metallic  wares,  cotton, 
shipping,  Ac.) ;  Manchester, 8222  (silks,  paper,  woollens, cot- 
tons, Ac.) ;  Plymouth,  2147  (clocks,  cutlery,  cottons,  hard- 
■ware,  woollens,  Ac);  Portland, 4687(3tonequarried);  Plain- 
fleld,  4582  (cottons,  Ac.) ;  Putnam,  6512  (cottons,  woollens, 
Ac);  Winchester,  6183,  including  Winsted  (cutlery,  clocks, 
metallic  and  other  wares) ;  Bristol,  7382 ;  Naugatuck, 
5218;  Thompson,  5580;  and  many  other  smaller  towns, 
juoh  as  CoUinsville,  SufiSeld,  Windsor,  Stafford,  Seymour, 
Oolohester,  Sprague,  and  Plainville,  most  of  them  scenes 
)f  very  active  manufacturing  enterprise. 

Counties  and  Cities. — Connecticut  has  8  counties, — Hart- 
ford, New  Haven,  New  London,  Fairfield,  Litchfield,  Wind- 
iam,  Middlesex,  and  Tolland.  There  are  12  cities, — New 
Haven  (the  largest  city),  Hartford  (the  capital),  Bridge- 
port, Norwich,  Waterbury,  Middletown,  Meriden,  New  Lon- 
ion.  New  Britain,  South  Norwalk,  Danbury,  and  Rockville, 
\l\  noticed  above  as  manufacturing  towns.  Most  of  the  other 
populous  places  of  the  state  are  incorporated  as  boroughs. 

Railroads,  &c. — The  railroad  interests  of  the  state  are 
argely  concentrated  in  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A 
Hartford  and  the  New  York  A  New  England  companies. 
These  corporations  represent  an  aggregate  capital  stock  of 
:J63,21.3,608.34  and  an  indebtedness  of  $36,521,007.02.  The 
lumber  of  miles  of  railroad  in  1890  was  1007.  Acts  for 
r;he  gradual  abolishing  of  grade  crossings  were  passed  in 
1884  and  in  1888.  In  the  principal  towns  there  are 
ulso  street  railways.  The  Connecticut  River  is  navigated 
hj  steamboats  as  far  as  Hartford ;  the  Thames  to  Nor- 
•Tioh.  Steamers  plying  upon  the  sound  connect  Stoning- 
lon,  Hartford,  Norwich,  New  London,  Middletown,  New 
ilaven,  Bridgeport,  Norwalk,  and  other  places  daily  with 
New  York,  and  a  line  of  freight-steamers  plies  between 
;iartford  and  Philadelphia.  Sailing-vessels  also  carry  on 
u  large  coasting  trade.  The  old  West  India  trade,  and  the 
^?hale-,  cod-,  and  seal-fisheries,  have  greatly  declined,  but 
itill  employ  considerable  capital.  The  catch  of  menhaden 
lor  manufacturing  oil  and  fish  guano  is  very  important. 
New  Haven  and  other  ports  have  extensive  oyster-fisheries. 

The  principal  harbors  of  the  state  are  those  of  Stoning- 
ton, Mystic.  New  London,  Saybrook,  New  Haven,  and 
Bridgeport;  and  there  are  others  at  Niantic,  Guilford, 
Clinton,  Branford,  Milford,  Southport,  Black  Rock,  Nor- 
walk, Stamford,  Greenwich,  Ac.  Fairfield,  New  Haven, 
Middletown,  New  London,  and  Stonington  are  ports  of 
mtry. 

Finances. — the  grand  list  for  1890  showed  a  valuation  of 
taxable  property  amounting  to  $358,913,906.  The  whole 
state  debt  in  1890  was  only  $3,740,200  although  the  state 
during  the  war  of  1861-65  assumed  a  debt  of  $10,000,000. 
There  were  in  the  state  in  January,  1892,  84  national 
banks,  20  state  banks,  88  savings-banks,  and  22  private 
banks.  In  1888  important  changes  were  made  in  the  tax 
laws,  modifying  the  tax  on  telegraph,  telephone,  and  ex- 

Eress  companies.  A  new  tax  was  created  on  collateral  in- 
eritance,  and  investment  companies  were  added  to  the 
list  of  corporations.  Bonds,  notes,  and  other  securities 
deposited  with  the  state  treasurer,  with  an  annual  payment 
of  one  per  cent,  of  their  face  value,  are  exempt  from  other 
taxation.  This  law  on  investments  was  successful  in 
bringing  to  light  securities  never  before  taxed,  and  the 
receipts  from  this  source  for  the  first  year,  dating  from 
July  ],  1889,  when  the  law  became  active,  amounted  to 
$129,452.  Additional  receipts  from  other  new  sources 
<Tere  sufficient  to  cause  the  suspension  of  the  one-mill  tax 
»n  property  for  general  purposes.     There  is  in  this  state 


a  large  and  lucrative  business  done  in  fire,  marine,  life,  and 
accident  insurance. 

Education. — The  public  school  system  of  Conneotiont  baa 
a  wide  reputation.  The  school  fund,  originally  derived  (1818) 
from  the  sale  of  the  Western  Reserve  lands  in  Ohio,  in  1888 
amounted  to  $2,019,572.40.  The  school  revenue  from  thia 
and  other  funds,  supplemented  by  the  proceeds  of  taxation 
and  other  sources  of  income,  amounts  to  about  $2,000,000 
per  annum.  Common  schools  are  maintained  everywhere, 
and  in  the  larger  towns  free  graded  schools  of  high  character 
are  sustained.  There  are  also  many  parish  and  secondary 
schools,  besides  numerous  academies  and  seminaries.  Among 
the  most  celebrated  institutions  of  learning  are  Yale  College, 
New  Haven,  with  a  regular  academic  course,  and  depart- 
ments of  science,  medicine,  law,  theology,  art,  and  agricul- 
ture; Trinity  College,  Hartford;  Wesleyan  University, 
Middletown,  which  also  has  scientific  and  agricultural 
courses;  divinity  schools  at  Hartford  and  Middletown;  a 
large  asylum  (school)  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  at  Hartford ; 
a  small  school  for  deaf-mutes  at  Groton ;  one  for  idiots  at 
Lakeville ;  a  state  reform  school  for  boys  at  Meriden ;  an 
industrial  school  for  girls  at  Middletown  j  hospitals  for  the 
insane  at  Hartford  and  Middletown;  a  state  prison  at 
Wethersfield;  10  county  jails,  and  several  private  or  de- 
nominational orphanages  and  charitable  institutions.  In 
many  public  schools  drawing  and  music  are  taught ;  and 
there  are  numerous  school  libraries,  besides  public  libraries 
in  many  of  the  towns  and  villages.  A  state  normal  school 
is  maintained  at  New  Britain,  and  a  second  normal  school 
was  established  at  Willimantic  by  act  of  legislature  in 
1889.  The  school  system  is  supervised  by  a  state  board  of 
education,  and  there  are  city  and  town  superintendents  in 
the  principal  places.  The  school  district  system  of  man- 
agement generally  prevails,  although  it  has  been  recently 
abolished  in  a  number  of  towns.  The  free  academies  of  Col- 
chester, Norwich,  and  New  Haven  should  also  be  mentioned. 

The  churches  most  numerous  in  this  state  are  the  Congre- 
gational, Protestant  Episcopal,  Methodist  Episcopal,  Baptist, 
and  Roman  Catholic ;  and  many  minor  sects  are  also  well 
represented. 

Constitution. — Up  to  1818  there  was  no  state  constitution, 
the  royal  charter  of  Charles  II.,  granted  in  1662,  serving  to 
that  date  as  the  basis  of  government.  In  1818  the  present 
constitution  was  adopted.  The  governor  is  chosen  annually 
by  a  majority  vote,  in  November.  The  legislature  consists  of 
a  senate  of  24  members,  and  a  house  of  representatives,  whose 
members  (some  250  in  number)  are  chosen  from  each  town. 
Voters  must  have  lived  one  year  in  the  state  and  six  months 
in  the  town  where  they  vote.  Judges  of  courts  are  chosen 
for  the  term  of  eight  years.  There  are  four  representatives 
sent  to  Congress  from  the  state.  This  constitution  also  pro- 
vided for  the  abolition  of  slavery,  and  removed  the  vestiges 
of  the  union  of  state  and  church. 

History. — The  Dutch  colonists  of  the  New  Netherlands 
(New  York)  early  claimed  what  is  now  Connecticut,  and  in 
1633  planted  a  small  settlement  on  the  site  of  Hartford. 
But  in  1631  the  council  of  Plymouth  had  granted  a  patent 
for  this  region,  and  two  years  later,  one  Holmes,  from  Ply- 
mouth, sailed  up  the  Connecticut,  and,  in  spite  of  the  oppo- 
sition of  the  Dutch,  set  up  a  trading-post  upon  the  site  of 
the  present  town  of  Windsor.  Wethersfield  was  colonized 
from  Massachusetts  in  1634.  In  1636  a  large  immigration 
took  place  from  the  towns  of  Massachusetts.  The  Pequot 
war  occurred  in  1637.  Saybrook  (named  from  Lord  Say- 
and-Seal  and  Lord  Brooke),  first  settled  in  1636,  was  a  sepa- 
rate colony  until  1644.  The  Connecticut  colony,  which  at 
first  embraced  the  Puritan  towns  in  the  E.  part  of  Long 
Island,  was  chartered  by  Charles  II.  in  1662,  and  was  made 
to  embrace  the  important  and  hitherto  separate  colony  of 
New  Haven,  founded  in  1638;  but  New  Haven  did  not 
accede  to  the  union  until  1665.  In  1687,  when  Sir  Edmund 
Andros,  royal  governor  of  New  England,  attempted  to  seize 
and  abrogate  the  colonial  charter  in  the  king's  name,  the 
lights  in  the  assembly-room  were  extinguished,  and  that 
document  was  removed  secretly  and  concealed  bj  Captain 
James  Wadsworth  in  a  hollow  tree,  the  Charter  Oak,  which 
stood  until  1856.  The  legislature  was  held  alternately  at 
New  Haven  and  at  Hartford  until  1874,  when  Hartford  be- 
came the  sole  capital.  The  old  charter  of  Connecticut,  with 
all  its  faults,  insured  a  local  government  far  more  liberal 
than  most  others  that  obtained  in  New  England,  and  was 
peculiarly  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  colony ;  and  conse- 
quently Connecticut's  colonial  history  is  for  the  most  part 
rtie  record  of  a  period  of  remarkable  prosperity.  Neverthe 
less,  the  colony  took  strong  ground  in  favor  of  independence 
during  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  before  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  her  assembly  had  voted  to  reqaeat 


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Connecticut  to  declare  the  colonies  free  from  their  ancient 
fcllegiance,  and  during  the  war  it  is  recorded  that  she  fur- 
nished more  aid,  proportionately,  in  men  and  money,  than 
any  other  province.  Slavery  was  not  abolished  until  1818, 
when  the  new  constitution  came  into  operation.  In  1840 
there  were  still  a  few  slaves  living.  Perfect  equality  be- 
fore the  law  was  given  to  all  religious  denominations,  and 
the  remnants  of  the  bond  of  union  which  had  so  long  sub- 
sisted between  state  and  church  were  finally  removed  by 
provisions  of  the  same  constitution.  During  the  war  of 
1861-65  Connecticut,  besides  bearing  her  full  share  of  the 
common  burdens,  voluntarily  assumed  a  debt  of  $10,000,000 
for  military  purposes.  Colored  citizens  were  not  allowed  to 
vote  until  1870,  when  the  fifteenth  amendment  of  the  United 
States  constitution  was  proclaimed. 

Population. — In  1636  the  "three  towns"  (Hartford, 
Wethersfield,  Windsor)  had  760  inhabitants :  pop.  of  colony 
in  1679,  12,635;  in  1756,  131,805;  in  1762,  146,666:  in 
1774, 197,859;  in  1790,  237,946;  in  1800,  261,002;  in  1810, 
261,942;  in  1820,  275,148;  in  1830,  297,676;  in  1840, 
309,978;  in  1850,  370,792;  in  1860,  460,147;  in  1870, 
637,464 ;  in  1880,  622,700 ;  in  1890,  746,268. 

Connecticni  Farms,  a  village  of  Union  oo.,  N.  J.,  in 
Union  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Union  Post-OflBce. 

Connecticut  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on 
a  small  lake,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Connecticut  River. 

Connecticut  River  Station,  in  Old  Saybrook,  Conn., 
is  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  New  London. 
A  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  Connecticut  to  Lyme  Station. 

Con'nell,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Con'nell's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
from  Nashville. 

Con'nellsville,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  in  Connellsville  township,  at 
the  base  of  Chestnut  Ridge,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washing- 
ton &  Baltimore  Railroad,  67  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
is  14  miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  the  Fayette  County  Branch  Railroad ;  and  the  Southwest- 
ern Pennsylvania  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Greensburg.  A 
bridge  here  crosses  the  river,  which  separates  this  place 
from  New  Haven.  Connellsville  has  2  banks,  7  or  8  churches, 
a  paper-mill,  a  pottery,  and  a  newspaper  office.  There  are 
manufactures  of  coke,  iron,  locomotives,  wool,  &c.  Good 
coal  is  mined  near  this  place,  and  the  Connellsville  coke  is 
called  the  best  that  is  made.     Pop.  in  1890,  6629. 

Connemara,  kon^ne-m&r'ra  (i.e.  "the  bays  of  the 
ocean"),  a  district  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  occupying  its 
W.  portion,  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  from  16  to  20 
miles  in  breadth.  It  consists  chiefly  of  mountains  and 
bogs,  interspersed  with  many  small  lakes  and  bays. 

Con'ner  Creek,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 
Baker  co.,  Oregon,  3  miles  from  Snake  River.  It  has  a 
quartz-mill  for  gold,  which  is  found  here. 

Connern,  or  Konnern,  kon'n^rn,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Halle.     Pop.  4168. 

Con'nero  (or  Con'necross)  Creek,  South  Carolina, 
runs  southeastward  in  Oconee  oo.,  and  enters  the  Kiowee 
River  in  Anderson  co. 

Con'ner's  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
In  Gross  Point  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Conuersville,  kon'n^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFer- 
eon  CO.,  Ala.,  8  miles  from  Elyton.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Connersville,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Fayette 
CO.,  is  on  the  Whitewater  River  and  Canal,  in  Connersville 
township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond,  and  60  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  is  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  White- 
water Valley  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Muncie  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamil- 
ton &  Indianapolis  Railroad.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  7 
churcbies,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  woollen-factory,  2 
cigar-factories,  gas-works,  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  2  machine- 
•ihops,  3  manufactories  of  furniture,  and  1  of  rotary  blowers. 
Two  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4548. 

Connersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas, 
60  miles  N.  of  Hill  Gove,  or  Buffalo  Railroad  Station. 

Connersville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Connersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Knapp. 

Con'nor,  a  decayed  episcopal  city  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Antrim,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  266. 

Con'nor,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  from  Albion.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory  and  a 
'annery.     Pop.  160. 


Con'nor's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  eo 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Paoifie 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Leavenworth. 

Co'no,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  576. 

Cono,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  234. 

Conococheagne,  kon^o-ko-chig',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Washington  co.,  Md.,  on  Conococheagne  Creek,  4  miles  N. 
of  Williamsport.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Conococheague  (or  Conecocheague)  Creek  is 
formed  by  its  East  and  West  Branches,  which  drain  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  and  unite  3  or  4  miles  N.  of  th#  southern  boundary 
of  that  state.  It  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Potomac 
River  at  Williamsport,  Md. 

Conol'oway  Creek  rises  in  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  rum 
southward  through  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River 
at  Hancock  Station  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad. 

Conon,  a  river  of  Scotland.     See  Conan. 

Con^oquenes'sing,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co..  Pa., 
about  26  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
1051. 

Conot'ten,  Connot'ton,  or  Mas'tersville,  a  post- 
village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on  Conotten  Creek,  and  on  the 
Columbus  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  Steubenville, 
It  has  2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  2  stores.  Pop.  about 
200.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Connotton. 

Conotten  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Harrison  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Carroll  co.,  and  enters  the  Tusca- 
rawas River  about  8  miles  N.  of  New  Philadelphia. 

Con'over,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calmar  township,  Winne 
shiek  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Deoorah  Branch,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Decorah. 

Conover,  a  post-village  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  in  Newton  township,  S 
miles  N.  of  Newton.  It  has  4  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  wagons,  Ac. 

Conover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus, Chicago  k  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
Piqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Conowingo,  kon-o-wing'go,  a  post- village  of  Cecil  oo., 
Md.,  on  the  £.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Columbia  A  Port  Deposit  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, about  38  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  hotel,  % 
warehouse,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  bridge  over  the  river.    P.  100. 

Conqnerall  (koN*'k&V&Il')  Bank,  a  post-village  in 
Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  La 
Have  River,  4  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  150. 

Conques,  k6Nk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  6  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Carcassonne,  on  the  Orbiel.     Pop.  1667. 

Conques,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  24  milet 
N.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1220. 

Con'quest,  or  Conquest  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Conquest  township,  about  15  mile* 
N.  by  W.  from  Auburn.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1728. 

Conquista,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Victoria. 

Conrad,  a  town  of  Khiva.     See  Kunsrad. 

Con'rad  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Eldora  Junction.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  167. 

Con'rad's,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  WiU 
liamstown  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Atco. 

Conrad's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 

Conradsreuth,  Bavaria.     Konradsreuth. 

Con'roe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Tex.,  26  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  3  churches^ 
saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  600. 

Consabrum,  or  Consabnrum,  ancient  names  of 

CONSUEGRA. 

Conseca,  kon-s&'k&,  or  Couscea,  koo-s&'&,  a  town 
of  Sierra  Leone,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Free  Town. 

Conse'con,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, at  the  mouth  of  the  Consecon  River,  22  miles  W.  of 
Belleville.  It  is  a  fishing-station,  has  good  water-power, 
and  several  mills,  stores,  churches,  and  hotels.     Pop.  500, 

Conseguina,  kon-si-ghee'ni,  or  Cosiguina,  ko-see- 
ghee'ni,  formerly  Quisiguina,  ke-se-ghee'ni,  a  volcano 
of  Nicaragua,  on  a  promontory  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Conchagua,  about  10  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
verge  of  the  crater,  which  is  half  a  mile  in  diameter,  is  ele- 
vated about  3800  feet  above  the  mean  level ;  thence  the  in- 
terior walls  fall  perpendicularly  to  a  depth  of  abo;it  200  feet. 
The  last  eruption  of  this  volcano  occurred  in  January,  1835. 

Conselice,  kon-sil'e-chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ferrara.  It  has  a  trade  in  rice,  com, 
and  hemp.     Pop.  6308. 

Conselve,  kon-s4l'vA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  an* 
12  miles  S.  of  Padua.     Pop.  4440. 


I>  I 


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Consentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cosemza. 
Con'sett)  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Durham,  at  a  railway  junction.     It  has  coal-mines 
and  iron-works.     Pop.  5961, 

Con^hohock'en,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  3  miles  below  Norristown,  and 
'    on  the  Philadelphia  &  Norristown  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Philadelphia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Plymouth  Branch. 
i    The  Reading  Railroad  has  a  station  (West  Conshohocken) 
t   on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  river.     It  has  a  bridge  across  the 
river,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  ofSoe,  6  churches,  8 
rolling-mills,  3   cotton-mills,   2    boiler-shops,    surgical-in- 
strument works,  planing- mills,  tube-works,  stone-quarries, 
2  stone-crushers,  and  a  manufactory  of  Phoenix  stone,  a 
material  for  building  and  pavements.     Pop.  in  1890,  6470. 

Constable,  kiin'sta-b'l,  a  township  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  joins  Canada.  Pop.  1636.  See  East  Constable  and 
West  Constable. 

Constableville,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
in  West  Turin  township,  on  a  small  affluent  of  Black  River, 
14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lowville,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Lyons 
Falls  Station.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  sash,  blinds,  &g.     Pop.  712. 

Con'stance  (Ger.  Constam,  Konatanz,  kon-stints',  or 
CoHt'nitz;  anc.  Gonstan'tin),  a  fortified  city  of  the  grand 
duchy  of  Baden,  capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 
the  Lake  of  Constance,  at  the  efflux  of  the  Rhine,  30  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Schaff  hausen.     It  is  highly  picturesque  in  its 
architecture.    Its  chief  edifices  are  a  magnificent  cathedral, 
founded  in  the  eleventh  century,  the  Kauf  haus,  in  which 
the  famous  Council  of  Constance   sat  from  1414  to  1418, 
I    an  ancient  palace,  a  grand-ducal   residence,  various  con- 
ventual establishments,  and  a  theatre.     One  of  its  suburbs 
I    is  connected  with  it  by  a  fine   railway  bridge  across  the 
I    Rhine.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  watches,  silk 
j    fabrics,  rubber   goods,  and  cigarettes.     Market-gardening 
j    and  navigation  occupy  many  of  the  inhabitants.   Constance 
I    is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Germany.     It  was  formerly  a 
free  imperial  town,  but  fell  under  the  ban  of  the  empire  in 
1548,  and  in  1549  was  annexed  to  Austria,  which  ceded  it 
to  Baden  in  1810.     In  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries 
the  population  was  30,000,    It  has  now  decreased  to  15,000, 
mostly  Roman  Catholics.     See  Lake  of  Constance, 

Con'stance,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  7  miles  below  Cincinnati.     Here  is  a  church. 

Con'stance,  or  Kin'burn,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
00.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 

Constantia,  the  ancient  name  of  Coutances, 

Constantia,  kon-stan'she-a,  a  village  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, South  Africa,  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Table  Mountain,  12 
miles  S.  of  Cape  Town,  celebrated  for  its  wine. 

Constantia,  kon-stan'she-a,  a  post-village  of  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  in  Constantia 
township,  and  on  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Pop.  587.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  village  named  Cleveland,  and  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  lumber,  and  glass.     Total  pop.  3491, 

Constantia,  Delaware  co,,  0.     See  Cheshire. 
—Constantia   Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  oo., 
KF.,  3  miles  N,  of  Bernhard's  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 
^Constantiana,  the  ancient  name  of  Kustendji. 

Constantina,  kon-stS,n-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Seville,  near  the  Sierra  de  Constantina. 
Pop.  7801.  It  is  defended  by  a  strong  castle.  Near  it  are 
argentiferous  lead-mines.  The  Sierra  de  Constantina,  be- 
tween Andalusia  and  Estremadura,  is  connected  E.  with 
the  Sierra  Morena,  and  gives  rise  to  the  Ardilla,  an  affluent 
of  the  Guadiana,  and  to  the  Huelva,  an  affluent  of  the 
Guadalquivir. 

Constantine,  kon^stinHeen',  or  Constantina,  kon- 
Btin-tee'ni  (anc.  Gir'ta),  a  fortified  city  of  Algeria,  capital 
of  a  department  of  the  same  name,  54  miles  by  rail  S.AV. 
of  Philippoville,  on  a  detached  height,  1698  feet  above  the 
sea,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  ravines,  one  of  which  is 
crossed  by  an  ancient  Roman  bridge.  Lat.  36°  22'  21"  N,  ; 
Ion,  6°  37'  E.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  fortress,  45,000,  of  whom 
6500  are  Europeans.  Mean  temperature  of  year,  63°.5 
Fahr. ;  winter,  61° ;  summer,  74°.  It  haa  a  hospital,  Roman 
remains,  and  a  citadel  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Numidian 
fortress,  barracks,  2  colleges,  a  Mohammedan  seminary,  Ac, 
with  manufactures  of  woollens,  saddlery,  and  leathern  goods, 
an  export  trade  by  rail,  and  an  active  trade  with  the  country 
southward  by  caravan.  Constantine  occupies  the  site  of 
Cirta,  which  was  in  ancient  times  a  great  city  and  capital 
of  Numidia,  It  was  ravaged  in  the  year  311,  but  was  re- 
ouilt  by  Constantine,  whose  name  it  took.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 


I 
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Constantine,  the  northeasternmost  and  most  populou» 
of  the  French  departments  in  Algeria.  Area,  107,362  square 
miles.  Capital,  Constantine,  Pop.  in  1891  of  civil  terri< 
tory,  1,643,867;  of  military  districts,  170,672. 

Constantine,  kon'8tan-tIn\  a  village  of  England,  Corn- 
wall, 6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Helstone.     Pop.  of  parish,  2093. 

Constantine,  kon'stan-tin\  a  hamlet  of  BreckenridgR 
CO.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from  Muldraugh.     It  has  a  church. 

Constantine,  a  post-village  of  St,  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Fawn  River,  in 
Constantine  township,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &,  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  124  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  10  miles  S.W 
of  Centreville,  and  33  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  flour-miils,  a 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  farm-implements,  chairs,  fur- 
niture, sash,  blinds,  and  harness.  A  weekly  newspaper  is 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1346. 

Constantinogorsk,  or  Konstantinogorsk,  kon- 
st4n-tee^no-gorsk',  a  fortress  of  Russia,  Terek  district,  Cis- 
caucasia, 21  miles  S.W.  of  Georgievsk.     It  has  warm  springs. 

Constantinograd,  or  Konstantinograd,  kon- 
st&n-tee^no-gr&d',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Poltava.     Pop,  4679. 

Constantinople,  kon-stan-te-no'p'l  (Turk.  Stambool, 
Stamhoul,  stim-bool',  or  Iitamhool,  latamboul,  is-t4m-bool', 
in  common  language,  and  Conatantinieh,  kon-stin-te-nee'^h, 
in  documentary  writing ;  modem  Gr.  Istampoli,  is-t&m'po- 
le :  anc.  Gr.  KtavoraiTti'tfiroAts ;  L.  Conttantinop'olit,  i.e.,  the 
"city  of  Constantine"),  a  celebrated  city  of  Turkey  in 
Europe,  capital  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  in  lat.  41°  0'  18" 
N.,  Ion.  28°  59'  16"  E.,  situated  on  a  declivity  or  series  of 
gentle  hills,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  a  triangular  promontory 
of  the  province  of  Roumelia,  having  the  Sea  of  Marmora 
and  the  Bosporus  on  the  S.  and  E.,  and  the  Golden  Horn, 
an  inlet  of  the  latter,  on  the  N.  It  is  thus  surrounded  by 
water  on  all  sides  except  the  W.,  and  has  a  sea-front  al- 
together of  about  8  miles  in  extent.  Taking  the  form  of 
the  ground  on  which  it  stands,  the  city  is  triangular  in 
shape,  its  apex  projecting  into  the  Bosporus,  and  its  base, 
a  lofty  double  wall  4  miles  in  length,  stretching  across 
the  promontory  from  the  Sea  of  Marmora  to  the  Golden 
Horn.  Each  of  the  sides  is  about  3|  miles  in  length,  and 
within  these  limits  the  whole  of  the  city  proper  is  in- 
cluded. On  the  opposite  side  of  the  Golden  Horn,  and  also 
occupying  the  extremity  of  a  promontory,  sometimes  called 
the  Peninsula  of  Pera,  are  situated  the  extensive  suburbs 
Galata,  Pera,  and  Tophana,  and  on  the  opposite  shore  of 
the  Bosporus  stands  the  important  commercial  suburb  of 
Scutari.  The  appearance  of  the  city  from  without  is  ex- 
tremely picturesque  and  imposing,  with  its  mosques,  cupolas, 
and  minarets,  interspersed  with  lofty  cypresses,  and  its  port 
crowded  with  shipping ;  but  within  it  consists  mostly  of  a 
labyrinth  of  crooked,  ill-paved,  and  dirty  lanes,  and  a  crowd 
of  low-built  and  small  houses,  formed  of  wood  or  roughly 
hewn  stone.  Its  drainage  is  favored  by  its  uneven  and 
sloping  site,  as  well  as  by  a  great  number  of  public  foun- 
tains, which  amply  supply  the  city  with  water  brought  from 
artificial  tanks  constructed  at  some  distance.  This  capital, 
including  its  suburbs,  contains  14  royal  and  nearly  600  other 
mosques  and  mesjids  or  chapels,  183  hospitals,  36  Christian 
churches,  several  synagogues,  130  public  baths,  and  upwards 
of  200  khans  or  inns,  besides  many  bazaars  and  cofifee-houses. 

Seraglio. — On  the  extreme  N.E.  point  of  the  promontory 
on  which  the  city  stands,  and  on  the  site  of  ancient  Byzan- 
tium, is  situated  the  Seraglio,  the  former  palace  of  the  sul- 
tans. With  its  gardens  and  groves,  it  includes  an  area  of 
about  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  washed  by  the  sea 
for  two-thirds  of  its  extent.  Having  been  enlarged  and 
altered  at  various  periods,  according  to  the  taste  or  caprice 
of  the  princes  and  sultans,  it  now  consists  of  a  conglomera- 
tion of  buildings  clustering  together  without  order  or  de- 
sign. Its  apartments,  however,  are  spacious  and  richly 
furnished.  At  the  principal  entrance  is  a  large  and  lofty 
gate,  called  Babi  Humayon,  the  "  high  door"  or  "  sublime 
porte,"  from  which  has  been  derived  the  well-known  diplo- 
i>.atic  phrase,  all  political  business  being  supposed  to  be 
transacted  ander  this  portal.  Within  the  precincts  of  the 
palace  is  the  celebrated  Divan,  and  the  harem,  with  the 
"Garden  of  Delight,"  in  which  are  numerous  gorgeous 
parterres,  pavilions,  and  sparkling  fountains. 

Immediately  outside  of  the  Seraglio  stands  St.  Sophia, 
the  principal  mosque  of  the  Mohammedan  world,  and  the 
finest  example  of  the  Byzantine  style,  originally  built  as  a 
Christian  church  by  Justinian  between  631  and  638,  and 
converted  into  a  mosque  by  Mohammed  II.  in  1463.  It  is 
in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  269  feet  in  length  by  143  feet 
in  breadth,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  flattened  dome  180  feet 


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In  height,  besides  several  minor  cupolas  and  4  minarets. 
Its  walls  are  brick,  but  the  interior  is  lined  with  costly 
marbles  and  adorned  with  ancient  Byzantine  paintings  and 
decorations,  while  the  temples  of  Heliopolis,  Delos,  Baalbec, 
and  Athens  were  plundered  to  add  to  its  splendors.  The 
effect,  however,  was  greatly  injured  by  numerous  Turkish 
inscriptions  on  the  walls  and  the  introduction  of  a  mul- 
titude of  insignificant  and  inharmonious  ornaments.  It 
was  restored  by  Fossati  in  1849.  Among  other  principal 
mosques  may  be  noted  those  of  Achmet,  of  Solyman  the 
Magnificent,  of  Mohammed  II.,  of  Bajazet,  and  the  Velide 
mosque,  built  by  the  mother  of  Mohammed  IV.,  the  last  con- 
taining pillars  brought  from  the  supposed  ruins  of  ancient 
Troy.  Most  of  the  greater  mosques  have  colleges,  and  almost 
all  have  charitable  institutions,  named  imarets,  attached  to 
them,  which  latter  serve  at  once  as  poor-houses  and  hospitals. 

The  public  schools  are  of  three  classes.  (1.)  Primary  dis- 
trict schools  for  boys  and  girls,  in  which  the  pupils  are 
taught  to  read,  write,  and  cipher,  and  to  recite  the  Koran. 
(2.)  Provincial  schools  of  a  higher  order,  for  boys  only.  (3.) 
The  mosque  colleges,  or  Medresseh,  for  the  study  of  theology 
and  law.  In  1867  a  lyoeum  was  established  by  Sultan 
Abdul-Aziz,  in  which  a  liberal  education  is  afforded,  and 
more  recently  a  university  has  been  associated  with  it. 
Besides  these  there  are  special  government  schools,  the 
chief  being  the  military,  naval,  and  artillery  schools,  the 
school  of  engineering,  the  medical  school,  and  the  school 
for  the  managers  of  woods  and  forests.  There  is  also  a 
training-school  for  teachers ;  and  schools  for  the  soldiers  are 
attached  to  the  various  barracks.  Constantinople  now  pos- 
sesses several  libraries  and  museums.  In  the  vicinity  is 
Robert  College,  an  excellent  institution  under  American 
management. 

The  bazaars  for  the  sale  of  wares  are  fire-proof  buildings 
lighted  from  above.  They  are  extensive  and  well  supplied. 
Among  the  chief  ornaments  of  the  city  are  its  cemeteries. 
The  principal  antiquities  are  the  "burnt  column,"  origi- 
nally erected  by  Constantine  the  Great,  the  column  of 
Arcadius,  the  pillar  of  Marcian,  vestiges  of  the  Bouooleon 
Palace,  built  by  Theodosius  II.,  the  aqueduct  of  Valens,  and 
various  subterranean  cisterns. 

The  city  proper  comprises  several  quarters, — as  those  for 
the  Jews,  Armenians,  and  Greeks.  The  Greek  quarter,  the 
"  Fanar,"  extends  along  the  shore  of  the  port  or  the  "  (Jolden 
Horn."  This  fine  harbor  lies  between  the  city  and  its  sub- 
urbs Pera  and  Galata,  extending  for  about  4i  miles  inland 
in  a  northwesterly  direction,  and  varying  in  breadth  from 
1  to  4  furlongs.  It  is  deep  enough  to  float  ships  of  the 
largest  size,  and  is  crossed  by  two  bridges  of  boats  which 
unite  the  Fanar  with  the  northern  suburbs.  The  trade  of 
Constantinople  is  carried  on  chiefly  by  foreigners.  The 
imports  consist  of  com,  iron,  timber,  tallow,  and  furs  from 
the  Black  Sea  and  Russia;  cotton  stuffs,  yarn,  woollens, 
silks,  metallic  goods,  watches,  Ac,  from  Western  Europe ; 
corn  and  coffee  from  Alexandria ;  sugar  from  the  Eaat  and 
West  Indies;  and  porcelain,  wax,  copper,  overland  from 
China.  The  exports  consist  of  silks,  carpets,  hides,  wool, 
goats'  hair,  potash,  galls,  yellow-berries,  linseed,  madder, 
valonia,  and  bones.  The  other  manufactures  are  morocco 
leather,  saddlery,  shoes,  meerschaum  pipes,  Ac.  Large 
numbers  of  cherry-trees  are  grown  near  the  city  for  the 
manufacture  of  pipe-tubes.  The  number  of  vessels  visiting 
the  port  in  1892  was  15,273  (aggregate  tonnage  8,479,050 
tons).  Of  which  3645  (tonnage  4,349,578  tons)  were  British. 
Railways  unite  Constantinople  with  Adrianople  and  Bel- 
grade, and  since  1888  there  is  through  railway  service  from 
Paris.  Galata  is  the  principal  seat  of  commerce.  It  is  here 
that  the  merchants  of  all  nations  have  their  stores  and  count- 
ing houses.  Scutari  is  the  rendezvous  of  caravans  from 
Persia,  Armenia,  Ac,  and  the  seat  of  the  principal  corn- 
warehouses  and  manufactures  of  Turkish  silk  and  cotton 
goods.  Constantinople  is  the  see  of  Greek,  Armenian,  and 
Latin  patriarchs,  the  latter  non-resident;  and  there  are 
also  "  civil  patriarchs,"  appointed  by  the  Sublime  Porte  to 
represent  the  leading  Christian  churches  of  the  East. 

The  streets  of  Constantinople  are  generally  dull  and 
deserted,  all  bustle  and  animation  being  confined  to  the 
bazaars.  Many  houses  have  no  windows  to  the  street,  but 
only  a  long,  narrow,  dingy  door,  and  where  there  are  any 
windows  these  are  latticed  and  closed.  Gas  has  been  intro- 
duced, especially  in  Pera.  Towards  evening  the  coffee- 
houses are  thronged,  but  at  sunset  the  Turks  retire  to  their 
homes.  A  great  number  of  ownerless  dogs  range  the  streets, 
acting  as  scavengers.  The  climate  is  variable  and  the  tem- 
perature subject  to  great  variations.  The  mean  tempera- 
ture of  the  year  is  56°  Fahr. ;  winter,  40°;  summer,  71°. 
From  extreme  antiquity  Constantinople  has  been  the  seat 


of  a  lucrative  tunny-fishery,  and  to  this  its  importance  waa 
for  a  long  time  very  largely  due.  The  fortifications  of  the 
city  were  extended  and  reconstructed  in  1878,  at  the  end 
of  the  Russian  occupation. 

Constantinople  was  originally  founded  by  Byzas,  b.c.  656, 
and  rebuilt  by  Constantine,  a.d.  328.  No  city  in  the  world 
has  stood  so  many  sieges,  and  yet  it  has  only  been  twice 
taken,  namely,  in  1204  by  the  Crusaders,  and  in  1453  by 
Mohammed  II.  Pop.  in  1884,  873,565,  comprising  Turks, 
Greeks,  Armenians,  Franks,  Jews,  and  miscellaneous. 

Constantinople,  Channel  of.    See  Bosporus. 

Constantinov,  or  Konstantinow,  kon-stln^tee< 
nov',  or  Stare  (sti'ro)  Constantinov,  i.e.,  "Old  Con- 
stantinov," a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  river 
Slootcha,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zhitomeer.  It  is  the  seat  of 
some  manufactures  and  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  15,605. 

Constantinus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cotentih. 

Constanz,  a  German  name  of  Constance. 

Con'stine  Bridge,  a  hamlet  on  the  Syracuse,  Che- 
nango A  New  York  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cazenovia. 

Constitncion,  La  Constitncion,  19,  kon-ste-too- 
se-Sn',  or  Maule,  mSw'li,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Maule,  on  the  sea,  115  miles  N.E.  of  Coneep- 
cion.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  navigable  river  Maule. 
Pop.  in  1889,  32,195. 

Constitni^fto,  kon-ste-too-e-sSwN"',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
115  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Piracicaba.    Pop.  2500. 

Con^stitn'tion,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, midway  between  Parkersburg  and  Marietta.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  stone-quarry,  Ac. 

Constitution,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  is  on 
Mason  A  Dixon's  Line,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  York. 

Consuegra,  kon-soo-i'gri  (anc.  Consa'brum  or  Consa- 
bu'rum),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of 
Toledo.  Pop.  6870.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  wool- 
lens, and  remains  of  an  ancient  castle  and  various  Roman 
antiquities. 

Cons'ville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo..  Mo.,  in  Osage 
township,  10  miles  S.  of  Clinton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Contai,  or  Kanthi,  kpn-tl',  a  town  of  Bengal,  lat.  21° 
48'  N.,  Ion.  87°  54'  E.,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Calcutta,  and  5 
miles  from  the  sea. 

Contan^agur',  or  Kantanagar,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
district  and  14  miles  N.  of  Dinagepoor.  It  was  formerly  a 
place  of  note,  and  contains  one  of  the  finest  temples  in  Ben- 
gal.   It  has  a  good  trade.    Lat.  25°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  43'  E. 

Contarina,  kon-t&-ree'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  29  miles  S. 
of  Venice,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  5598. 

Contas,  Brazil.    See  Rio  de  Contas. 

Con'tee's  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Prince  George'a 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Consent',  a  hamlet  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  3  miles  from 
Weimar  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Contentnea,  kon-tent'nee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green* 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Contentnea  Creek,  about  6  miles  from  Snow 
Hill.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Contentnea,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2118. 

Contentnea  (or  Contentny,  kon-tent'nee)  Creek, 
North  Carolina,  runs  southeastward,  drains  parts  of  John- 
ston, Wilson,  and  Greene  cos.,  and  enters  the  Neuse  River 
about  12  miles  below  Kingston.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Contessa,  kon-tAs'si,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Palermo,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Corleone.     Pop.  3201. 

Contes'sa,  a  village  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Orphano,  which  is  sometimes 
called  the  Gulf  of  Contessa. 

Conthey,  k6N»Hi',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Valais,  3  miles  W.  of  Sion,  near  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2299. 

Conti,  a  town  of  France.     See  Conty. 

Contich,  kon'tiK,  a  village  of  Belgium,  at  a  railway 
junction,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp.  Pop.  3940.  It  has 
manufactures  in  hats  and  leather,  and  trade  in  horses. 

Con 'tin,  a  parish  and  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross, 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Dingwall.     Pop.  1550. 

Con'toocook  River,  New  Hampshire,  rises  in  Chesh- 
ire CO.,  runs  northward  through  Hillsborough  co.  and  north- 
eastward in  Merrimack  co.,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  River 
8  miles  above  Concord.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Contoocook  Tillage,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Hopkinton  township,  on  the  Contoocook  River, 
and  on  the  Concord  A  Claremont  Railroad,  at  the  junction     > 
of  the  Contoocook  River  Branch,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Con-  M 
cord.     It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  mineral  spring,    || 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  mackerel-kits,  wood  handles, 
and  silk.     Here  is  a  fine  dairy. 


OON 


947 


COO 


ConHoy%  or  Log'gerhead,  an  island  off  the  coast 
of  Yucatan,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cape  Catoche.  Lat.  21° 
132'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  49'  W. 

I  Cou'tra  Cos'ta,  a  county  of  California,  has  an  area 
iof  about  810  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
^uisun  and  San  Pablo  Bays,  on  the  N.E.  by  the  San  Joa- 
quin River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  plains,  swamps,  and 
fertile  valleys.  Its  most  prominent  physical  feature  is 
Mount  Diablo,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  B^nge.  Wheat,  barley, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This  county 
has  good  magnesian  limestone,  and  the  most  important  coal- 
mines of  the  state.  Copper  also  has  been  found  here.  A  por- 
tion of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  oak.  The 
'Southern  Pacific  Railroad  enters  it  at  Point  Isabel,  in  the 
.S.W.  corner,  and  passing  through  Martinez,  the  capital, 
'extends  along  the  N.  to  Antioch,  from  whence  it  runs  S.E. 
jPop.  in  1870,  8461;  in  1880,  12,525;   in  1890,  13,515, 

Contrari'eties  Island^  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the 
Solomon  Islands.     Lat.  9°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  162°  3'  E. 

Contrecceur,  k6Nt'r^kuR',  a  post-village  in  Vercheres 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  miles 
jbelow  Montreal,  contains  a  church,  4  stores,  and  a  hotel. 
jlta  chief  trade  is  in  country  produce  and  in  maple-sugar. 
(Pop.  of  parish,  1813. 

I  Contreras,  kon-tri'r&s,  a  battle-field  of  Mexico,  14 
•  miles  S.  of  the  capital.  The  battle  was  fought  August  18 
land  19,  1847,  between  the  United  States  forces  under  Gen- 
eral Scott  and  a  division  of  the  Mexican  army,  commanded 
I  by  General  Valencia,  resulting  in  the  complete  dispersion 
!of  the  Mexican  forces. 

I     Contre'ras,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co.,  0. 
I     Contreras  (kon-tri'r&s)  Islands,  a  group  of  small 
i  (lands  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  coast  of  Guatemala.     Lat. 
7°  50' N.;  Ion.  82°  W. 

I  Centres ,  k6\t'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Blois.     Pop.  1670. 

Contrex6ville,  kiso^trig^ziVeel',  a  village  of  France, 
i  i  1  Vosges,  1 4  miies  S.W.  of  Mireoourt,  on  the  Vaire.     It  has 
{ »  celebrated  establishment  of  mineral  waters.     Pop.  728. 
I     Controguerro,    kon-tro-gw5R'Ro,    a  town   of    Italy, 
i  f  rovince  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  2039. 
I     Controne,  kon-tro'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
'.  Ealemo,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1672. 
I     Contursi,  kon-tooR'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
j  26  miles  E.  of  Salerno,  on  the  Sele.     Pop.  3009. 

Contwig)  a  village  of  Bavaria.     See  Kontwig, 
I      Contwoy>To,  kon-twoi'-to\  or  Rnm  Lake,  a  lake 
I  of  Canada,  in  the  country  of  the  Copper  Indians,  inter- 
I  laoted  by  the  parallel  of  65°  35'  N.  and  the  meridian  of 
1 111°  50'  W. 

j     Conty,  or  Conti,  k&N<»Hee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
I  Fomme,  12i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amiens,  on  the  Seille.    P.  980. 
j      Conucon,  Sierra,  Guiana.    See  Sierra  Conocon. 
Conve'nience,  a  post-office  of  Independence  oo..  Ark. 
Convenience,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  ao.,  0. 
Con' vent,  a   post- village,  the  capital   of  St.  James 
parish.  La.,  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
about  55  miles  above  New  Orleans.     It  extends  3  miles 
along  the   river.     Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  Jefferson  College,  and 
a  tobacco -factory. 

Convent  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
in  Chatham  township,  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  about 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large 
convent  of  sisters  of  charity. 

Conversano,  kon-v4R-s4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Bari.  Pop.  10,656.  It  is  enclosed 
by  decayed  walls,  defended  by  a  Norman  castle.  Chief 
edifices,  a  fine  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  bishop's  palace, 
diocesan  seminary,  hospital,  and  foundling  asylum.  A 
brisk  trade  is  carried  on  in  wine,  oil,  almonds,  and  cotton. 
Converse,  Miami  co.,  Ind.  See  Xenia. 
Con'verse,  or  Convers,  a  post-ofBce  and  station  of 
Clinton  co..  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  between  Richmond  and 
Plattsburg,  42  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Converse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.  of  San  Antonio.     Here  is  a  church. 

Convil-Cayo,  kon-vil-ki'yo,  a  village  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Carmarthen,  7^  miles  N.W.  of  Llandovery. 

Con'vis,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  941. 
Con'voy,  a  post-village  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  in  Tully 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.  of  Van  Wert.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  carriage-shops,  2  saw-mills,  manufactures  of  tiles 
bud  staves,  &o. 


Con'wa,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  379. 

Con'way,  or  Conwy,  kon'wee,  a  river  of  North  Wales, 
flows  mostly  N.N.W.,  and  joins  Beaumaris  Bay  11  milee 
E.  of  Beaumaris.     Length,  30  miles. 

Conway,  or  Ab'er  Con'way,  a  town  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Carnarvon,  on  the  estuary  of  the  above  river,  here 
crossed  by  a  noble  tubular  suspension  bridge,  327  feet  in 
length,  on  the  Chester  &  Holyhead  Railway,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
)f  Bangor.  It  occupies  a  steep  slope,  and  is  enclosed  by 
embattled  walls,  witn  towers  and  gateways,  still  in  good 
repair.  The  castle,  built  by  Edward  I.,  on  a  precipitousi 
rock,  is  one  of  the  grandest  feudal  fortresses  remaining  in 
Britain.     Pop.  of  town,  1862;  of  borough,  2620. 

Con'way  or  Middle  Rivpr,  a  small  river  of  Vir- 
ginia, flowing  into  the  Rapidan  on  the  boundary  between 
Greene  and  Madison  cos. 

Couway,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  493  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  drained  by  Cadron  and 
other  creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  by  extensive 
forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Capital,  Morrillton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8112;  in  1880,  12,755;  in  1890,  19,469. 

Conway,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark., 
31  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  bank,  8 
churches,  2  academies,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1207. 

Conway,  a  post-village  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  McPhergon.  It  has  a  church,  a  creamery, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  150. 

Conway,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  30  miles 
N,  by  W.  from  Springfield.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  woollen-mill,  a  cotton-factory,  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1451. 

Conway,  a  post-village  of  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  15  miles 
S.  of  Kosciusko.     It  has  2  churches. 

Conway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  300. 

Conway,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Saco  River,  132  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and 
21  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  It  has  several  hotels.  The  town- 
ship presents  beautiful  scenery. 

Conway,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Waccamaw  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charles- 
ton. It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Wilmington, 
Chadburn  A,  Conway  Railroad,  and  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  naval 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  677. 

Conway  Centre,  a  station,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  55  miles 
from  Portland,  Me. 

Conway  Junction,  a  station  in  York  co..  Me.,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Portland  Railroad  and 
the  Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  <fc  North  Conway  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Conway  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 27  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  WichiU.  It  has  6  churches, 
3  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  normal  college,  and  a  publio 
schooL     Pop.  in  1890,  681. 

Conwy,  a  river  of  Wales.  See  Conwat. 
Con'yers,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockdale  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
8  churches  (3  colored),  a  high  school,  a  female  college.  2 
banking-houses,  27  brick  business-houses,  and  manufac- 
tures of  furniture,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.   1349. 

Con'yersvilie,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn..  12 
miles  N.of  Paris,  and  about  110  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Conyngham,  kun'ning-ham,  a  township  of  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  Sbamokin  coal-field.  Pop.  1943,  excluding 
Contralia. 

Conyngham,  a  post-village  of  Luseme  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Hazleton  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Hazleton,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  about 
50  houses. 

Conza,  kon'z&  (anc.  Comp'ga),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lom- 
bardi.  It  has  a  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  palace,  and  a 
diocesan  seminary.     Pop.  1703. 

Coobcabia,  Coubcabia,  or  Cubcabia,  koob-k&'- 
be-i,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Darfoor,  in  a  fertile  district,  41 
miles  W.  of  Cobbe.    Lat.  14°  N. ;  Ion.  26°  30'  E.   It  has  ion* 


coo 


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been  celebrated  for  its  commeroe  in  coarse  cotton  cloth  and 
in  leathern  sacks. 

Cooch  Bahar,  or  Knch  Behar,  koooh  b&^haR' 
(native,  Nij  Bahar,  neej  b^^haB'),  a  native  state  of  India,  in 
Bengal.  Lat.  25°  57'  40"-26°  32'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  47'  40"- 
89°  54'  36"  E.  Area,  1292  square  miles.  It  is  governed 
by  a  rajah,  who  pays  tribute  to  the  British.  It  is  mostly 
a  fertile  plain.  The  dominant  race  is  called  Koch,  or  Raj- 
bansee,  and  is  generally  regarded  as  Mongolian.  Capital, 
Cooch  Bahar.     Pop.  632,565. 

Cooch  Bahar,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above. 
Lat.  26°  19'  25"  N. ;  Ion.  89°  29'  13"  E.  It  has  a  brick 
palace,  a  dispensary,  a  public  library,  and  a  printing-ofBce, 
but  is  mostly  composed  of  mat  huts.     Pop.  3433. 

Cooch  Bahar,  a  colleotorship  of  Bengal.  See  Raje- 
8HAHTE  Cooch  Bahar. 

Cooch's  Bridge,  a  post-oflSce  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
and  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Delaware  City. 

Coodle  (koo'd'l)  Creek,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1629. 

Coodoo'nia,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  of  Africa,  in  Soodan, 
rises  in  a  mountainous  district  in  lat.  9°  7'  N.,  Ion.  10° 
E.,  and  falls  into  the  Niger  a  little  N.W.  of  Egga,  in  lat. 
8°  37'  N.,  Ion.  8°  W. 

Coo'gee,  a  town  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  4  miles  S.  of  Sydney,  of  which  it  is  a 
suburb,  on  a  fine  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Coogle's  (koo'gl'z)  Mill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Macon  co.,  Qa. 

Cook,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Plaines  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Chicago  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  level,  and  partly  undulating  prairie;  the  soil  is 
deep  and  very  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  com,  hay,  butter,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  About  one-third  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  hickory,  ash, 
elm,  black  walnut,  and  several  species  of  oak  are  found. 
Silurian  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  quarried 
at  Athens,  and  hence  called  "Athens  marble,"  underlies 
his  county.'  This  stone,  which  is  used  for  ornamental 
architecture  in  Chicago,  is  of  a  light-drab  or  pale-yellow 
color.  The  county  is  intersected  by  important  railroads, 
terminating  at  Chicago,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
849,966;  in  1880,  607,524;  in  1890,  1,191,922. 

Cook,  a  county  comprising  the  triangular  N.E.  comer 
of  Minnesota,  between  the  British  possessions  and  Lake 
Superior,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  co.     Pop.  in  1890, 98. 

Cook,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co..  Neb. 

Cook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  12  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Washington  Court-House. 

Cooke,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  920  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red 
River,  and  is  drained  by  several  head-streams  of  Trinity 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the 
Boil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  chief 
products  of  this  county.  Capital,  Gainesville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5316  ;  in  1880,  20,391 ;  in  1890,  24,696. 

Cooke's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bryan. 

Cooke'ville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Putnam  co., 
Tenn.,  69  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tobacco-factory,  an  axe-handle 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  469. 

Cook  Inlet,  in  Alaska,  is  between  lat.  68°  and  61°  N., 
Ion.  151°  and  154°  W.,  opposite  the  island  of  Kadiak. 
Length,  from  S.  to  N.  130  miles;  breadth,  70  miles. 

Cook  Islands,  or  Hervey  Archipelago,  in  Poly- 
nesia, S.W.  of  the  Society  Islands,  between  the  Archipel- 
ago of  Tonga  on  the  W.  and  Tahiti  on  the  E.  The  prin- 
cipal are  Mangaia,  Atioo,  Hervey,  and  Raratonga.  Many 
of  the  people  have  been  converted  to  Christianity  by  Eng- 
lish missionaries.     Pop.  7600. 

Cook'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  3 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kidderminster.     It  has  iron-works. 

Cook'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Cook's,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  East 
Broad  Top  Railroad,  27  miles  from  Mount  Union. 

Cooks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  oo.,  N.Y.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

Cooksburg,  a  post-village  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  in  Bar- 
net  township,  on  the  Clarion  River,  about  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Oil  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  mills. 

Cook's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y. 

Cook's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Oneida.     Here  are 


a  grist-mill,  a  church,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 
Here  gypsum  is  obtained  and  ground. 

Cook's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Ridge 
field  township,  3  miles  from  Monroeville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Cook's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Charing  Cross. 

Cook's  Falls,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Walton. 

Cook'shire,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Comp- 
ton,  Quebec,  on  the  Eaton  River,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Lennoxville.  It  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  a 
starch-factory,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  3  saw-mills,  a 
carding-mill,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Cook's  Inlet,  Alaska.    See  Cook  Inlet. 

Cook's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Tishemingoeo.,  Miss. 

Cook's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coles  co..  111.,  on  the 
Okaw  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  church,  a 
district  school,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile. 

Cook's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroaii,  9  miles  N. 
of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Cook's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in  Red- 
stone township,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Layton's  Station.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  20  houses. 
Cook's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Crowlandville. 
Cook's  Rnn,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 

Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven,  Pa. 

Cook's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.  of  Steelville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cooks'town,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  on  the 
Ballinderry,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Moneymore.  Pop.  3501. 
It  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  a  court-house,  a  union  work- 
house, a  bank,  a  market-house,  and  a  linen  hall. 

Cooks'town,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
New  Hanover  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Mount 
Holly  and  Hightstown,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Holly, 
It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  of  whiskey. 

Cookstown,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.     See  Fayette  City. 

Cookstown,  or  Perry's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  W.  of  Gilford.  It  contains 
several  stores,  churches,  and  hotels.     Pop.  600. 

Cook  Strait,  in  New  Zealand,  separates  the  two  prin- 
cipal islands.     Named  after  its  discoverer.  Captain  Cook. 

Cook's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
6  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Wabasha,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Cook's  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis., 
15  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls,  the  capital  of 
the  county.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Cooks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  7  milea 
(direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Franklin. 

Cooksville,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  2i 
miles  from  Hood's  Mill  Railroad  Station,  which  is  34  milea 
W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  general  stores  and  3  churches. 

Cooksville,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Noxubee  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Columbus.    It  has 

3  churches,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  and  a  steam-mill. 
Cooksville,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  18  miles 

S.S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 

Cooksville,  a  post- village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  3  mile« 
from  Port  Credit,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  con- 
tains several  saw-mills,  stores,  and  vineyards.     Pop.  400. 

Cooksville,  New  Brunswick.     See  North  Lake. 

Cook'town,  one  of  the  most  important  ports  of  Queens- 
land, on  the  Endeavor  River.  It  has  a  custom-house,  and 
constant  communication  with  the  neighboring  colonies  and 
with  Europe  by  three  lines  of  ocean  steamers.  Pop.  3000 
white  and  5000  Chinese. 

Cook'ville,  a  post-office  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas. 

Cookville,  a  post-village  of  Titus  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  N.  of  Pleasant.  It  has  3  church  organizations, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Cool,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Cool  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  111. 

Coolbaugh,  kool'baw,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  great  Pocono  plateau,  crossed  by  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western  Railroad.     Pop.  1028. 

Coolbangh's,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Pa. 

Coo'ley's,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Harrison. 

Coo'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Owatonna. 

Coo'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass..  in 


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COO 


'Setr  Salem  townsfijp,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Salem  Station. 
It  haa  2  stores. 

Coolgraney,  kool-gri'nee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
KVexford,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arklow. 

I  (juo'lidge,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Kansas,  15 
piles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  oharch  and 
L  public  school.     Pop.  472. 

I  Coo'liu  (or  CuchuIIin,  koo-Koo'Iin)  Hills,  a  range 
of  wild,  romantic  hills,  Scotland,  in  the  Isle  of  Skye,  extends 
from  the  head  of  Scavaig  Bay  in  a  N.W.  direction.  Scuir- 
na-Qillean,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  range,  is  estimated 
to  be  upwards  of  3200  feet  high. 

I  Cooloo,  KooloOy  or  Kulu,  koo^loo',  a  region  in 
India,  between  lat,  31°  20'  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  76°  40'  and 
r78°  35'  E.,  lying  at  the  foot  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains. 
I  Coolscamp,  k5ls^k&mp',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  West  Flanders,  14  miles  S.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  2564. 
I  Cool  Spring,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sussex  oo., 
Del.,  on  the  Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  7  miles  W. 
of  Lewes. 

Cool  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga. 

Cool  Spring,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.    P.  1328. 

Cool  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Kingsville.     It  has  a  church. 

i  Coo]  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  in 
,Cool  Spring  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Statesville.  It  haa 
lao  academy  and  10  residences.  Pop.  of  the  township,  711. 
i  Cool  Spring,  township,  Washington  co.,  N.C.  P.  1561. 
j  Cool  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  10 
jniiles  S.  of  Brookville.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
115  residences. 

I  Cool  Spring,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo..  Pa.  Cool 
Spring  Station  is  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Kailroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Mercer.     Pop.  865. 

Cool  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  oo,,  S.C.,  18  miles 
6.  of  Nichol*  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cool  Springs,township,  Rutherford  CO.,  N.C.  P.  1031. 

CooI'ville,  a  post-village  of  Athens  oo.,  0.,  in  Troy 
t)wnship,  on  the  Hocking  River,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Marietta.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is  2  miles  from  Coolville 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Belpre.     Pop.  334. 

Cool  Well,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Coomas'sie,  the  capital  of  Ashantee,  in  Guinea,  120 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle.  Lat.  6°  34'  50"  N.; 
Ill  in.  2°  12'  W.  It  stands  in  a  wooded  valley  environed  by 
I  (.vamps,  and  has  in  active  trade  with  Central  Africa.  It 
fas  burned  by  th  i  British  in  1874.  Pop.  about  50,000. 
I  Coombla,  a  town  of  India.  See  Cumly. 
I  Coo'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  oo,,  N.Y.,  in  New- 
fiine  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Lockport. 

Coomer  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
ill  Newfane  township,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad, 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewiston.  Large  quantities  of  apples 
and  peaches  are  shipped  here. 

Coomp'tah,  or  Coom'tah,  written  also  Knmte,  a 
t)wn  of  India,  North  Canara  district,  on  the  W.  coast,  330 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay.  It  has  many  fine  warehouses  and 
dwellings,  and  ships  much  cotton.     Pop.  10,290. 

Coon  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anolca  co.,  Minn.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Mississippi  River  Branch  of  the  St.  Paul  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Anoka, 

Coon^dapoor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, district  of  Canara,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  53  miles 
N,N,W,  of  Mangalore, 

Coonewar,  koo^ne-war',  a  post-office  of  Lee  oo.,  Miss., 
7J  miles  W.  of  Tupelo. 

Cooney,  koo'nee,  a  post-mining  camp  of  Socorro  co.. 
New  Mexico,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Alma.  It  has  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  and  copper.     Pop,  368, 

Coon  Forks,  a  hamlet  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  6  miles 
from  Augusta, 

Coon  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Wheeling,  Pittsburg  &  Baltimore  Branch  Railroad, 
at  Vienna  Station,  18  miles  E,N,E,  of  Wheeling. 

Coon  Prairie,  pr&'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.. 
Wis.,  24  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse,     It  has  a  church. 

Coon  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co,,  Iowa,  on 
the  Middle  Coon  (or  Raccoon)  River,  22  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Manning,  and  39  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Carroll.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
of  wagons,  brooms,  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  873. 

Coon  River,  Iowa.    See  Raccoon  Rivbr. 

Coon's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  6  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Meadville. 

Coon's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
-*  miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Madison. 


Coonsville,  New  York.     See  Ma.vchester  Centre. 

Coons'ville,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Coon  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis,,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church. 

Coopang,  a  town  in  Timor  Island.    See  Coepang. 

Coop'er,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Missouri,  haa 
an  area  of  about  562  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  intersected  by  the  La  Mine  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Little  Saline  and  Moniteau  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  hills  or  undulations 
of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  white  oak,  blue  ash,  hickory,  elm,  sugar-maple,  white 
ash,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  rich  in  minerals,  viz.,  bituminous  coal  of  good  quality, 
lead,  iron,  marble,  hydraulic  limestone,  and  Lower  Silurian 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Boonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,692  j  in  1880, 
21,596;  in  1890,  22,707. 

Cooper,  a  post-office  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark. 

Cooper,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga. 

Cooper,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.     Pop.  785. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Pekin  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Pekin.     Here  is  an  elevator  for  grain. 

Cooper,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  general  stores  and  basiness 
houses.     Pop.  100. 

Cooper,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo..  Me.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  360. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Cooper  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  and  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana 
Railroads,  6  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Allegan.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1294. 

Cooper,  a  township  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1498. 

Cooper,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Woodbury,  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad. 

Cooper,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  43  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  New  York  City,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ring- 
wood  Junction. 

Cooper,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.     Pop.  414. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamsburg  oo.,  S.C,  14 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kingstree,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  2  general  stores. 

Cooper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delta  co.,  Tex.,  about 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  literary  institution,  Ac.     Pop.  629. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
Laramie  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.  of  Laramie,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  with  no  outlet. 

Cooper,  or  Allen  Settlement,  a  post-village  in 
Hastings  oo.,  Ontario,  on  Black  Creek,  43  miles  N.  of  Belle- 
ville.    Pop.  100. 

Coop'erdale,  a  village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  Taylor 
township,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  246. 

Cooper  Island,  in  the  British  West  Indies,  Virgin 
Islands,  is  an  islet  5  miles  S.E.  of  Tortola. 

Cooper  Point,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  17°  20'  S.;  Ion.  145°  50'  E. 

Cooper  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Berkeley  co., 
runs  southward  to  the  city  of  Charleston,  and  unites  with 
the  Ashley  River  to  form  Charleston  Harbor. 

Cooper's,  Alabama.     See  Cooper's  Station. 

Cooper's,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Castroville. 

Cooper's,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Pocahontas,  Va.  It  has  2  churches,  and  coal-minea. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Coop'ersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  3  carriage-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  454. 

Cooper's  Creek,  New  Jersey,  drains  part  of  Camden 
CO.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  at 
the  upper  end  of  the  city  of  Camden.  Its  lower  part  is 
navigable,  the  tide  ascending  the  stream  some  8  miles. 

Cooper's  Creek,  or  Bar^coo'  River,  in  Southwest- 
ern Queensland,  flows  for  several  hundred  miles  in  a  south- 
westerly course,  and  discharges  its  scanty  waters  into  th« 
siilt  lakes  Gregory  and  Eyre. 

Cooper's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
in  De  Kalb  township,  on  the  Oswe^tchie  River,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  blast-furnace  for  iron. 

Cooper's  Gap,  a  township  of  Polk  od.,  N.C.    Pop.  797. 

Cooper's  Hill,  Osage  co,,  Mo,     See  Lkaobtillb. 


coo 


950 


COP 


Cooper's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  cc,  Me.,  on 
Bheepscott  River,  in  Whitefield  township,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Cooper's  Plains,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Corning.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  chair-factory. 

Coop'erstown,  a  post-village  of  Brown  oc,  111.,  in 
Cooperstown  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Mount  Sterling,  and 
about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
plough-factory,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the 
township,  1466. 

Cooperstown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  south  end  of  Otsego  Lake, 
on  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  is  about  35  miles  S.S.E,  of 
Utica,  and  60  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Albany.  It  is  the  north 
terminus  of  the  Cooperstown  <fc  Charlotte  Valley  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad. 
It  contains  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  union  school, 
an  academy,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  hospital,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cooper,  the  emi- 
nent novelist,  resided  at  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2657. 

Cooperstown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Griggs  co., 
N.D,,  36  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sanborn,  and  115  miles  N.W. 
of  Fargo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  368, 

Cooperstown,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Sugar  Creek,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Oil  City,  and  18  miles  S.E, 
of  Meadville.  It  has  several  mills  for  flour  and  lumber,  a 
woollen-factory,  an  academy,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  264. 

Cooperstown,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis., 
in  Cooperstown  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Manito- 
woc.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1714. 

Cooperstown  Junction,  a  hamlet  in  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Cooperstown  &  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  and  is  adjacent  to  Colliersville. 

Coop'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Point  Isabel.    It  has  a  tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Coopersville,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Polkton  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and 
lumber.     Pop.  about  500. 

Coopersville,  or  Corbeau,kor-bo',  a  post- village  of 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Champlain  township,  on  the  Chazy  or 
Champlain  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg,  and  1  or  2  miles  W.  of  Lake 
Champlain.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 
Grain  and  hay  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  205. 

Coopersville,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Genesee  Valley  Canal,  2  miles  N.  of  Nunda.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  about  40. 

Coopersville,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Pike 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  1  mile 
from  Wetmore  Post-Office,  and  17  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
Lumber  is  shipped  here.     It  has  2  churches. 

Coop'er's  Wells,  a  watering-place  of  Hinds  co..  Miss., 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Raymond.  The  water  has  reputation  in 
various  diseases,  and  is  extensively  patronized. 

Coop'ertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Coop'erville,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Sads- 
bury  township,  2^  miles  from  Christiana  Station. 

Coops'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Belair.     It  has  general  stores. 

Coop'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co..  Miss.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Coorg,  or  Curg,  koorg,  a  province  of  India,  under  the 
direct  control  of  the  Governor-General.  Area,  2000  square 
miles.  It  is  the  smallest  and  least  densely  peopled  of  the 
British  provinces  in  India  proper.  It  is  bounded  by  Mysore 
and  the  Malabar  and  South  Canara  districts.  Lat.  11°  56'- 
12°  45'  N.;  Ion.  75°  25'-76°  13'  E.  Coffee  is  a  leading 
product.  It  is  a  very  mountainous  and  rainy  region,  with 
large  forests,  and  a  comparatively  cool  climate.  Its  domi- 
nant people,  the  Coorgs,  are  of  Dravidian  race.  Capital, 
Mercara.     Pop.  in  1881,  178,302j  in  1891,  172,630. 

Co'os,  a  synonym  for  Cos. 

Coos,  kotos',  a  large  county,  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  New  Hampshire,  borders  on  Canada  and  Maine.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River  (which  rises 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  county),  is  intersected  by  the 
Androscoggin,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Ammonoosuc 
River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  abounds  in  pic- 
kuresque  and  grand  scenery.     Among  its  prominent  features 


is  Mount  Washington,  the  highest  peak  of  the  White  Moun- 
tains. Granite  is  abundant  here.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  and 

Eine  are  found.  The  staple  productions  are  potatoes,  hay, 
utter,  and  oats.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway.  Area,  1771  square  miles.  Capital,  Lancas- 
ter.    Pop.  in  1870,  14,932 ;  in  1880, 18,580  ;  in  1890,  23,211. 

Coos,  koos,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an 
area  of  about  1750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Coos  and  Co- 
quille  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cedar,  fir,  ash,  &c.  The 
Umpqua  Mountain  range  extends  along  the  eastern  border 
of  this  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  good  pas- 
ture. Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Coal  is  found 
here.  The  western  section  of  the  county  is  partly  trav- 
ersed by  a  local  railroad,  the  Coos  Bay,  Roseburg  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  which  extends  S.  from  Marshfield  on  Coos  Bay 
to  Coquille  on  the  Coquille  River.  Capital,  Empire  City. 
Pop. in  1870,  1644;  in  1880,4834;  in  1890.  8874. 

Coos,  koos,  a  small  river  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  rises  in 
the  Umpqua  Mountains,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  Pacific  Ocean  through  Coos  Bay. 

Coos,  ko^s',  a  post- village  in  Stratford  township,  Coo» 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Lancaster  (North  Stratford  Station).  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Coo'sa,  a  river  which  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Etowah  and  Oostenaula  Rivers,  at  Rome,  in  Georgia.  It 
runs  westward  into  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  and  thence  south- 
westward  to  Shelby  co.,  and,  flowing  finally  toward  the  south, 
it  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  Shelby  and  Chilton  cos. 
and  the  western  boundary  of  Coosa  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Tallapoosa  River  to  form  the  Alabama  River,  about  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  is  about  350  miles  long.  Some 
parts  of  it  are  navigable  by  small  steamboats. 

Coosa,  a  county  in  the  £.  central  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  id 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  com,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Marble 
and  fine  statuary  granite  are  found  here.  The  Central  Rail- 
road of  Georgia  crosses  its  northeastern  part.  Capital,  Rock- 
ford.    Pop.  in  1870, 11,945;  in  1880, 15,113  ;  in  1890, 15,906. 

Coosa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Coos* 
River,  about  1 3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Rome.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Coosada  (koo-sid'a)  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Elmore 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Montgomery. 

Coo'saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Coosaw  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Beaufort.  It  has  a 
ohapel.     Phosphate  is  mined  and  shipped  here. 

Coo^sawat'tee,  a  post-hamlet  of^  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Coosawattee  River,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Spring  Place. 

Coosawattee  River,  Georgia,  rises  in  Gilmer  co., 
runs  southwestward  into  Gordon  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Connasauga  River  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Calhoun.  The 
river  formed  by  this  junction  is  the  Oostenaula. 

Coo^sawhatch'ie,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  8.(1 
Pop.  2573.  Coosawhatchie  Station  is  on  the  Savannah  & 
Charleston  Railroad,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Coos  (koos)  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Oregon,  is  an  impor- 
tant port  for  the  exportation  of  coal.  Its  entrance  N.  of 
Cape  Arago  is  in  lat.  43°  20'  38"  N.,  Ion.  124°  22'  W.  lU 
bar  is  not  passable  for  vessels  drawing  over  14  feet  of  water. 
The  country  on  its  banks  is  broken  and  densely  timbered, 
and  furnishes  coal  (a  lignite)  which  is  among  the  best  on 
the  Pacific.  Empire  City,  Marshfield,  and  Coaledo  are  near 
this  bay. 

Coos  City,  Coos  co.,  Oregon.     See  Empire  Citt. 

Coosima,  or  Koosima,  koo-see'mi,  written  also 
Kosima  and  Koshima,  a  small  volcanic  island  in 
Japan,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Sangar.  Lat.  41° 
21'  N.;  Ion.  139°  46'  E. 

Coo^soo',  or  Koo^soo',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Yarriba, 
N.  of  the  Kong  Mountains.     Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  4°  45'  E. 

Cootehill,  koot'hill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cavan, 
28  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  1851. 

Coote's  (koots)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  15  miles  N.  of  Harrisonburg,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Copais,  a  lake  of  Greece.     See  Topolias. 

Co^pake',  or  Copake  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colum- 
bia co.,  N.Y.,  in  Copake  township,  on  the  New  York  <t  Har 
lem  and  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroads,  105  miles  N. 
of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop- 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1516. 


COP 


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Copake  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co,, 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Ilarlem  Railroad,  106  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  blast-furnace  and  2  ohurohes. 

Co^paK  Grove,  a  post-oflSce  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Copan,  ko-p&n',  a  ruined  city  of  Guatemala,  30  miles 
S.  of  Chiquimula.  Its  remains  extend  for  2  miles  along  the 
Oopan  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Motagua,  and  comprise  the 
walls  of  a  supposed  temple  624  feet  in  length,  and  many 
pyramidal  structures  with  sculptured  idols  resembling  the 
remains  of  Egyptian  or  Hindoo  art. 

Copano  (ko-p&'no)  Bay,  the  northwestern  arm  of 
Aransas  Bay,  Texas. 

Copaal,  a  town  of  Hindostan.    See  Kopui,. 

Copay,  ko-pi',  an  uninhabited  island  of  Scotland,  one 
of  the  Hebrides,  co.  of  Inverness,  in  the  Sound  of  Harris. 

Cope,  kSp,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Cope,  Belmont  co.,  0.     See  Farmington. 

Copeland,  kop'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga., 
about  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  100. 

Copeland,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Copeland,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  S.B.  of  Pittsburg. 

Copeland  Islands,  kSp'l^nd  Il'andz,  a  small  group  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  ofF  the  S.  side  of 
the  entrance  to  Belfast  Lough.  On  Cross  Island,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Donaghadee,  is  a  light-house,  lat.  54°  4'  44" 
N.,  Ion.  5°  32'  W. 

Copeley,  kop'le,  a  township  of  Knox  oc,  HI.     P.  1219. 

Copenhagen,  ko-p^n-hi'gh^n  (Dan.  Kfohenhavn, 
ky6'b§n-h5wn\  i.e.,  "  merchants'  haven ;"  Ger.  Kopenhagen, 
ko^p9n-h5,'gh§n ;  Fr.  Copenhague,  ko^pf  n-8,g' ;  L.  Hafnia), 
the  capital  of  Denmark,  and  one  of  the  finest  cities  of 
Northern  Europe,  is  situated  on  the  sound,  chiefly  on  the 
B.  coast  of  Seeland,  but  partly  on  the  island  of  Amager, 
which  is  separated  from  Seeland  by  a  narrow  arm  of  the 
sound,  which  forms  a  harbor  at  once  spacious,  deep,  and 
secure.  Lat.  55°  40'  9"  N.;  Ion.  12°  34'  7"  E.  Copen- 
hagen occupies  a  flat  so  low  as  to  require  to  be  protected  by 
embankments  against  the  Baltic :  its  form  is  that  of  an 
irregular  circle  with  a  diameter  of  about  2  miles  and  a  cir- 
cumference of  rather  more  than  6.  It  was  formerly  a  strong 
fortress,  but  now  the  ramparts  are  cut  through,  the  ditches 
filled  up,  and  the  site  of  the  citadel  planted  with  trees,  so 
that  its  fortifications  are  a  promenade.  Outside  of  the 
city  limits  there  are  large  suburbs.  Though  Copenhagen 
is  an  ancient  town,  in  consequence  of  repeated  conflagra- 
tions the  greater  part  of  its  old  wooden  houses  have  been 
replaced  by  lofty  and  well-built  modern  buildings  of  brick 
or  Norwegian  granite;  and  in  architectural  character  it 
yields  to  few  European  capitals.  The  "W,  portion,  or  old 
town,  consists  generally  of  narrow,  crooked  streets,  lined  by 
mean  and,  in  many  cases,  wooden  houses ;  although  many 
of  the  finest  public  buildings  are  in  this  quarter,  particu- 
larly in  that  division  of  it  called  Slotsholm,  or  Castle  Island. 
The  E.  portion,  or  new  town,  as  well  as  the  part  on  the 
island  of  Amager  (Christianshavn),  is  modem.  The  city 
contains  many  squares  and  markets,  the  principal  square 
being  Kongens  Nytorv  (the  New  King's  Market),  which 
constitutes  the  centre  of  the  city,  no  fewer  than  12  streets 
opening  into  it.  In  its  centre  is  a  colossal  statue  of  Chris- 
tian V.  Its  E.  side  forms  part  of  the  Gothergade,  the  prin- 
cipal thoroughfare  of  the  city  and  containing  the  finest 
shops.  Copenhagen  has  many  noble  buildings,  among 
which  may  be  classed  the  royal  palace  of  Christiansborg, 
an  immense  but  somewhat  clumsy  pile;  the  Rosenborg 
(Castle  of  the  Roses),  where  the  regalia  are  kept,  admired 
for  the  harmony  of  its  lines;  Amalienborg,  the  ordinary 
residence  of  the  royal  family ;  Charlottenborg,  now  used  as 
an  academy  of  arts ;  the  town  hall,  and  the  theatre. 
Among*  its  churches  are  the  Frue  Kirke,  the  metropolitan, 
adorned  with  sculptures  of  Thorwaldsen ;  St.  Peter's,  or  the 
German  church;  Trinity  churcb,  on  the  round  tower  of 
which  is  placed  the  observatory;  and  the  church  of  Our 
Saviour,  with  a  spire  288  feet  high.  The  university, 
founded  by  Christian  I.  in  1478,  is  also  a  building  worthy 
of  notice.  It  is  well  endowed,  has  40  professors  and  1100 
students,  and  its  library  contains  260,000  volumes  and  4000 
MSS.  Attached  to  it  are  a  surgical  academy,  two  obser- 
vatories, a  botanical  garden,  a  polytechnic  institution,  and 
some  fine  museums.  Copenhagen  is  the  centre  of  Northern 
literature,  science,  and  art,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  number  of 
societies  for  the  advancement  of  these,  among  which  are 
the  Literary  and  Scientific  Associtttion,  the  Academy  of 
Arts,  and  the  Royal  Society  of  Northern  Antiquities.  The 
royal  library  conteins  550,000  volumes  and  30,000  MSS. 
It  is  particularly  rich  in  Northern  literature,  and  among 
the  MSS.  is  Rask's  unique  Sanskrit  and  Singhalese  col- 


lection. The  city  is  also  rich  in  museums.  The  museuui 
of  Northern  antiquities,  in  the  Christiansborg,  is  unrivalled 
of  its  kind.  Thorwaldsen's  museum  consists  of  works  by 
that  great  sculptor  and  others  bequeathed  by  him  to  the 
nation.  It  comprises  also  the  mausoleum  in  which  he  is 
buried.  The  royal  museum  of  natural  history  is  rich  in 
zoological  and  mineralogical  specimens.  The  royal  gallery 
of  paintings  in  the  Christiansborg  contains  about  1000  paint- 
ings, many  by  the  first  masters.  The  harbor  of  Copenhagen 
forms  the  great  naval  station  of  Denmark,  being  capable  of 
enclosing  the  whole  fleet.  Steamboats  ply  hence  to  all  parts 
of  the  Baltic.  The  principal  manufacturing  establishments 
are  its  porcelain -works,  which  enjoy  a  European  reputation, 
some  iron-foundries,  and  woollen-  and  linen-factories ;  there 
are  also  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  watches, 
leather,  gloves,  glass,  fine  cutlery,  pianos,  Ac.  The  shipping 
of  Copenhagen  is  extensive,  nearly  all  the  heavy  trade  of  the 
kingdom  centring  here.  Trade  is  further  facilitated  by  a 
system  of  railways  and  canals. 

History. — Copenhagen  is  first  mentioned,  as  a  fishing  ham- 
let, in  1043.  In  1168  Bishop  Absalon  founded  a  haven 
and  erected  a  fort  on  the  Slotsholm  as  a  place  of  refuge 
against  the  Northern  pirates.  It  then  bore  the  name  of 
Axelhuus.  Shortly  afterwards  it  rose  to  importance,  and 
acquired  its  present  name  of  Kjobenhavn,  or  Merchants' 
Haven.  It  has  occasionally  suflfered  much  from  hostile 
ravages,  and  still  more  from  accidental  fires,  which  have 
repeatedly  laid  the  greater  part  of  it  in  ruins.  It  was  at- 
tacked by  Nelson,  April  2,  1801,  but  its  crowning  disaster 
was  the  bombardment  by  the  British  in  1807.  Being 
elevated  but  little  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  Copenhagen 
is  liable  to  be  overflowed  during  storms,  and  has  sometimes 
sufi"ered  much  from  this  cause.     Pop.  in  1890,  312,387. 

Co^penha'gen,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish,  La. 

Copenhagen,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Deer  River,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Lowville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  free  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  manufactories  of 
cheese-boxes.     Pop.  777. 

Co^penha'gen,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  2^ 
miles  from  Port  Bruce,  on  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  300. 

Co'penhav^er's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  oo., 
W.  Va.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Copensay,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands.    See  Copinshat. 

Cop'eras  Cove,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  eo.,  Tex., 
about  30  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Belton,  and  23  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Gatesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Copertino,  ko-pSR-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lecoe,  enclosed  by  walls,  defended 
by  a  strong  castle,  and  having  several  churches  and  con- 
vents.    Pop.  5178. 

Copet,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Coppet. 

Copetown,  k5p't6wn,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo., 
Ontario,  with  a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Copeville,  kop'vil,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Copi'ah,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Pearl  River,  and  also  drained  by  Bayou  Pierre.  The 
surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans, 
St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Hazle- 
hurst,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,608;  in  1880,  27,552; 
in  1890,  30,233. 

Copiapo,  ko-pe-4-po',  a  river  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  flows  in  a  desert  country  past  Copiapd,  reaching 
the  sea  at  Porto  Copiap6 ;  but  of  late  its  waters  are  ordinarily 
utilized  in  mining-works  long  before  the  sea  is  reached. 

Copiapo,  or  San  Francisco  de  Selva,  s&n  fr&n- 
sees'ko  di  sSl'vft,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Atacama,  on  the  river  Copiap6,  30  miles  from  the  sea, 
and  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Caldera.  It  is  an  important 
mining  and  mercantile  centre,  has  smelting-works,  and 
ships  much  silver,  copper,  and  ores.     Pop.  in  1884,  10,374. 

Copiap6,  or  Porto  Copiapo,  por'to  ko-pee-i-po', 
a  small  seaport  of  Chili,  province  of  Atacama,  on  Copiap6 
Bay,  30  miles  W.  of  the  town  of  Copiapfi.  Lat.  27°  20'  5. ; 
Ion.  71°  2'  W. 

Cop'inshayS  or  Cop'ensay^,  sometimes  written 
Copenshaw,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  in  Scotland,  off 
the  S.  end  of  Mainland.     Lat.  58°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  26'  W. 

Cop'lay,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  th« 
junction  of  the  Ironton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Allentown.  It  has  the  Lehigh  Iron- Works,  which  employ 
about  100  men;  also  extensive  hydraulic  cement  quarri«i 
and  kilns,  and  a  church.     Pop.  728. 


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Copleston,k5p'9lz-t9n,  or  Oil  Creek)  a  post-rillago 
In  Lambton  oo.,  Ontario,  on  North  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Po- 
trolia.     It  has  oil-wells.     Pop.  100. 

Cop'ley,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  111.     Pop.  1219. 

Copley,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  in  Copley 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Akron.  It  has  a  carriage-factory, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  township,  1233. 

Cop'leyville,  a  post-office  of  "Wayne  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Copo'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Cop'page  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ey.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Paduoah  Railroad,  129  miles  S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville.    Here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Copparo,  kop-p&'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Ferrara.     Pop.  of  commune,  26,989. 

Coppename,  kop^pin-i'm^h^  Coponame,or  Cup- 
anama,  kiip-&-n&'m&,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  rises  in 
the  mountains,  flows  N.,  and  falls  into  the  ocean  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Saramacca.     Total  course,  93  miles. 

Coppenbriigge,  kop'p^n-briig^gh^h,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, 19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1252. 

Cop'per,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillo  co..  New  Mexico, 
about  65  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Santa  F^,  and  about  the 
same  distance  N.  by  W.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  large 
mines  and  copper-smelting  works.     Pop.  100. 

Copper  Uasin,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arisona. 

Copper  City,  Shasta  co.,  Cal.     See  Ydalpom. 

Copper  Falls  Mine,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  oo., 
Mich.,  in  Eagle  Harbor  township,  1  mile  from  Lake  Supe- 
rior, 20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calumet,  and  about  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Houghton.  It  has  a  church,  and  its  rich  mines  of  copper 
afford  the  principal  business  of  the  place.     Pop.  454. 

Copper  Harbor,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  in  Copper  Harbor  township,  25 
miles  E.  of  Eagle  River.  Copper  is  mined  here.  It  has  a 
very  good  harbor.     Pop.  of  the  township,  58. 

Copper  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in 
East  Granby  township,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Hartford,  and 
49i  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

Copper  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Flemington  &  Lambertville,  2  miles  S. 
of  Flemington.     It  has  a  brush -factory. 

Copper  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  19  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Floyd  Court-House.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Copper  Island,  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora.    See  Kbalki. 

Cop'permine  River,  in  Canada,  North-West  Terri- 
tories, enters  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean  N.E.  of  the  Great 
Bear  Lake,  after  a  course  estimated  at  250  miles. 

Copper  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Ala.,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Talladega. 

Copper  Mountains,  a  low  mountain-range  of  Can- 
ada, on  the  N.W.  bank  of  the  Coppermine,  about  lat.  67° 
N.,  Ion.  167°  W. 

Cop^perop'olis,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal., 
about  64  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento,  and  37  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Stockton,  It  has  2  churches.  A  rich  copper-mine  has 
been  opened  here.    Gold  is  also  found  near  this  place. 

Copper  River,  Missouri  (French,  Biviire  au  Cuivre), 
rises  in  Audrain  co.,  runs  S.E.  through  Lincoln  oo.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  14  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Charles. 
It  is  130  miles  long,  and  affords  valuable  motive-power. 

Copper  Vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal.,  IS 
miles  S.W.  of  Susanville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Copper  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Floyd  Court-House.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Coppet,  kop^p&',  or  Copet,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  lake  and  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Geneva. 
It  is  only  remarkable  for  its  chateau,  with  gardens  and 
park,  once  the  residence  of  Bayle,  afterwards  of  Necker  and 
his  celebrated  daughter  Madame  de  Stael.     Pop.  556. 

Copp's  Creek,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.  Pop.  984. 

Coprates,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Dezfool. 

Coptos,  the  ancient  name  of  Kuft. 

Co^pul',  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  dominions,  210  miles 
S.W.  of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  15°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  10'  E. 

Coquago,  ko-kwi'go,  or  Oquago,  o-kwi'go,  the 
principal  branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  rises  in  New  York, 
on  the  W.  declivity  of  the  Catskill  Mountains.  It  flows 
first  S.W.  to  Deposit,  where  it  suddenly  changes  its  course 
to  S.B.,  and,  after  forming  the  boundary  between  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania  for  a  few  miles,  unites  with  the 
Popacton  at  Hancock.  Its  whole  length  is  probably  100 
miles.     It  is  a  beautiful  and  rapid  stream. 

Coquet,  kok'^t,  or  Cock'et,  a  small  river  of  Eng- 
'tand,  rises  in  the  Cheviot  Hills,  and  enters  the  North  Sea 
near  Warkworth,  opposite  Coquet  Island. 


Coquilage,  ko'kee'lizh'  (Grande,  grflwd,  and  Pe- 
tite, p§h-teet'),  two  islands  in  Chagos  Archipelago,  Indian 
Ocean,  lat.  5°  20'  S.,  Ion.  72°  20'  E.  They  are  covered  with 
eocoa-trees. 

I  Coquille,  ko-keel',  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon, 
|on  the  Coquille  River,  about  40  miles  from  its  mouth.  It 
'is  5  miles  S.E.  of  Coaledo,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Empire  City. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  494. 
[  Coquille  River,  Oregon,  is  formed  by  three  branches, 
called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in 
the  Umpqua  Mountains  and  unite  in  Coos  co.  It  runs 
westward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  the  same  county. 

Coquimbo,  ko-keem'bo,  of  late  generally  called  La 
Serena,  1&  8^-r&'n&,  a  city  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  prov- 
1  ince  of  Coquimbo,  on  Coquimbo  River,  1  mile  from  the  sea, 
land  7  miles  by  branch  railway  N.E.  of  the  port  of  Co- 
Iquimbo.  It  is  now  a  place  of  small  trade,  but  has  2  branch 
panks  and  some  smelting-works.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop, 
and  has  a  priests'  seminary  sustained  by  the  government. 
Fop.  37,000. 

^Coquimbo,  or  Porto  Coquimbo,  por'to  ko-keem'- 
bo, formerly  called  Balsas,  b&rs&s,  a  town  of  Chili,  on 
the  sea,  7  miles  S.W.  of  the  foregoing.  A  railway  ex- 
tends hence  to  Ovalle,  with  a  branch  passing  through  the 
city  of  Coquimbo  (La  Serena).  It  is  on  a  fine  bay,  and 
there  are  good  facilities  for  shipping.  It  has  smelting- 
works,  a  heavy  trade  in  copper  and  its  ores,  and  ships  many 
cattle  to  northern  ports  and  to  Peru.     Pop.  16,000. 

Coquimbo,  a  province  of  Chili,  being  the  northern- 
most in  the  country  except  Atacama.  Area,  12,855  square 
miles.  It  extends  from  the  Andes  to  the  sea.  The  mining 
and  smelting  of  copper,  the  raising  of  cattle,  and  the  grow- 
ing of  alfalfa  for  nay  are  leading  industries.  Some  lapis 
lazuli  is  obtained  in  the  E.  Agriculture  is  hardly  prac- 
ticable without  irrigation.  The  climate,  though  dry,  is  ex- 
ceedingly agreeable  and  healthful.  Capital,  Coquimbo,  or  La 
Serena.     Pop.  in  1889,  184,256. 

Coquimoo  River,  in  the  above  province,  is  125  miles 
long,  and  flows  into  the  Pacific  (Coquimbo  Bay)  near  the 
port  of  Coquimbo. 

Cora,  or  Chora,  ko'r&,  called  also  Megali- Chora, 
meg^a-lee-ko'ri  ("Great  Cora"),  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Samos,  3  miles  from  its  S.  coast,  and  on  the  site  of  ancient 
Samos.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop.     Pop.  1398. 

Cora,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Cori. 

Cora,  ko'r%,  a  post-village  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Smith  Centre.  It  has  a  church,  a  school, 
and  a  general  store.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  in  Duncan 
township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.  of  Milan. 

Cora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Portland  Station.     It  haa  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Coracesium,  an  ancient  name  of  Alata. 

Coral,  kSr'^J,  a  post-township  of  McHenry  co.,  DL, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  1345. 

Coral,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Mapls 
Valley  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan 
Railroad,  74  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  22  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  flouring-milli  a  foundry,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
furniture-factory.     Pop.  336. 

Coral,  kor-il'  or  ko-ril',  a  small  rocky  island  of  Brasil, 
S.E.  coast.     Lat,  25°  45'  S.;  Ion.  48°  35'  W. 

Coral  (k5r-%l)  City,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Trem- 
pealeau CO.,  Wis.,  on  Pigeon  Creek,  2i  miles  N.  of  White- 
hall Station. 

Coral  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Barren  oo,,  Ky.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  church  organizations,  a  seminary, 
a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  distilleries.     Pop.  100. 

Coral  Sea,  a  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  bounded  W.  by 
Australia,  and  E.  by  the  archipelago  of  New  Hebrides :  so 
called  from  the  numerous  coral  reefs  it  contains. 

Cor'alville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  2J 
miles  from  Iowa  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  297. 

Co'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sufi"olk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brook- 
haven  township,  about  17  miles  W,  of  Riverhead,  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  about  170.  Corah  HiLiiS  is  a  hamlet,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Coram. 

Corannas,   ko-rin'nis,   a  Hottentot  tribe  of  South 
Africa,  inhabiting  a  country  lying  S.  of  the  Orange  River 
and  having   Namaqua-land  on  the  W.     They  cultivate   ^ 
nothing  but  tobacco,  subsisting  chiefly  on  the  milk  of  their   I 
cattle,  of  which   they  have  great  numbers;   their  flock*  | 
also  are  immense. 


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Coransah,    ko-r&n'8&,  or    Coran'zat   a  town 
lluinea,  in  Ashantee,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coomassie. 

Corantyii)  a.  river  of  South  America.     See  Corentyn. 
Coraop'olis,  a  post-borough  of  Allegbanj  co.,  Pa.,  13 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  oil-refineries,  lumber-mills,  and  tool- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  962. 

Corato,  ko-r&'to,  a  city  of  Italy,  proTinoe  of  Bari,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Barletta.     Pop.  26,220.    It  has  a  fine  church, 
I    5  convents,  and  an  orphan  asylum. 

Coray,  ko'rd',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistJre,  13  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Quiinper.     Pop.  734;  of  commune,  2275. 

Corazon,  ko-r4-son'  (i.e.,  "heart"),  a  mountain  of 
Ecuador,  in  the  Andes,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Quito.  It  bears 
the  form  of  a  heart,  whence  its  name. 

Corbach,  or  Korbach,  koR'b&K,  a  walled  town  in 
Germany,  principality  of  Waldeck,  on  the  Itter,  which 
divides  it  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Cassel.  Pop.  2411.  It  has  a  castle,  a  gymnasium,  an 
orphan  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs. 

Corbeau,  New  York.     See  Coopeksville. 

Corbeil,  koR^bil',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine,  at  the  influx  of  the  Essonne,  and 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  6187.  It  is  divided 
by  the  Seine  into  an  old  and  a  new  town.  It  was  formerly 
fortified.  The  principal  edifices  comprise  a  corn-hall,  large 
corn-magazine,  public  library,  and  churches.  It  has  many 
flour-mills,  and  several  cotton-factories,  paper-mills,  and 
tanneries,  and  is  the  centre  of  an  active  trade  in  corn  and 
flour  for  the  supply  of  Paris. 

Cor'bett,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.  of  Park  Hill.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  4 
8aw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  shingle-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Corbetta,  koR-b§t'ti  (ano.  Cu'ria  Pic'ta?  Ourhitumf), 
a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pavia,  and 
10  miles  W.  of  Milan.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  large 
parish  church  and  a  castle.     Pop.  4750. 

Cor'bettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.T.,  i 
mile  from  Conklin  Station,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Bingham- 
ton.     It  has  a  tannery  and  district  school. 

Corbie,  koR^bee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Somme,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  3977. 

Cor'bie  Hall,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Linlithgow* 
■hire,  adjacent  to  Borrowstounness.     Pop.  3380. 

Corbi^res,  koR^be-aiR'  (Ger.  Korbers,  koR'b^Rs),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.  of  Freyburg,  on  the  Saane. 

Corbigtay,  koR^been^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  NiSvre, 
on  the  Anguison,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  2099. 

Cor'bin,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Wellington.  It  has  2  church  organizations, 
I  a  flour-mill,  and  a  common  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  174. 
I  Corbin,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles  by 
I  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsburg.  It  has  2  church  organiza- 
i  tions,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  corn-mill.  Pop.  300. 
■■Upor'bit,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  4  miles  N.W. 
I^^b^laware  City. 

^bor'bridge,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, on  the  Tyne,  4  miles  E.  of  Hexham.     Pop.  1397. 

Corcieux,  koR^se-nh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  20 
miles  E.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1553. 

Corcobado,  or  Corcovado,  koR-ko-T&'do  (t.e.,  the 
"Humpbacked"  Mountain),  a  volcanic  mountain  of  the 
Andes,  in  Patagonia,  near  the  Pacific  coast.  Lat.  43°  10' 
S. ;  Ion.  about  73°  W.     Height,  7510  feet. 

Corcobado,  or  Corcovado,  koE-ko-vi'do,  a  remark- 
able mountain  of  Brazil,  2  miles  from  Rio  Janeiro,  rises  in 
an  isolated  peak  to  an  elevation  of  2000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.     The  view  from  the  summit  is  magnificent. 

Corcoran,  kQr'ko-r%a,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin 
00.,  Minn.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  5 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1212. 

Corcyra,  the  Latin  name  of  Corfu. 

Corcyra  Nigra,  an  ancient  name  for  Curzola. 

Cordaviile,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.     See  Socthborouoh. 

Cordele,  kor-deel',  a  post-town  of  Dooly  oo.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Vienna.  „It  has  9  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  cotton,  car- 
riages, shoes,  dbc,  an  iron-foundry,  and  3  machine-shops. 
Pop.  1578. 

Cordelia,  Solano  co.,  Cal.     See  Brisoeport. 

Cordemais,  koR^^h-mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Infgrieure,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nantes,     Pop.  2684. 

Cord'er,  a  post-village  of  La  Fayette  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Higginsville,  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1145. 

Cordes,  koRd,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Tarn, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Albi.     Pop.  2719. 
01 


Cordes  (koRd  or  koR'd^s)  Bay,  south  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, Strait  of  Magellan,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Froward. 

Cordillera,  kor-dil'le-ra  (Spanish  pron.  koR-deel-yi'- 
r&),  a  Spanish  term  applied  to  the  great  mountain  range  or 
system  which  is  called  the  Andes  in  South  America  and  th« 
Rooky  Mountains  in  North  America.     See  Andes. 

Cordova,  kor'do-va  (Sp.  Cordoba  or  Cordova,  koR'do- 
v4;  Fr.  Cordoue,  koR*doo',  or  Cordue,  koR^U';  anc.  Cor'- 
duba  and  Colo'nia  Patri'cia,  or  simply  Patricia),  a  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  province  and  former  kingdom  of  Cor- 
dova, on  the  Guadalquivir,  86  miles  N.E.  of  Seville,  at  an 
important  railway  junction.  Lat.  37°  52'  16"  N.j  Ion.  4° 
49'  36"  W.  Its  Moorish  walls,  built  on  Roman  founda- 
tions, enclose  a  large  area,  much  of  which  is  now  occupied 
by  gardens  or  by  ruins,  except  one  large  square,  bordered 
by  lofty  and  handsome  edifices.  The  city  is  generally  badly 
laid  out,  meanly  built,  and  dirty.  It  communicates  with  a 
suburb  across  the  river  by  a  noble  stone  bridge  of  16  arches, 
built  by  the  Moors  in  the  eighth  century,  and  commanded 
by  a  Saracenic  castle,  still  kept  in  a  state  of  defence.  Its 
cathedral,  formerly  one  of  the  most  holy  mosques  of  the 
Mohammedan  world,  and  still  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
edifices  in  Spain,  presents  in  its  interior  a  "labyrinth  of 
columns"  of  all  orders  and  materials,  which  were  brought 
from  various  ancient  f^mples  all  around  the  Mediterranean. 
Other  principal  buildings  are  13  parish  churches,  gorgeously 
adorned,  about  40  convents,  the  bishop's  palace,  with  fine 
gardens,  and  a  library,  the  remains  of  a  palace  of  the  Moor- 
ish sovereigns,  now  converted  into  stables,  the  city  hall, 
hospitals,  foundling  and  other  asylums,  colleges,  and  schools. 
It  was  noted  for  the  famous  preparation  of  goat-skins 
called  Cordovan.  This  branch  of  industry,  however,  haa 
declined;  but  the  silversmiths  and  filigree-workers  maintain 
their  repute;  and  manufactures  of  paper,  linens,  woollens, 
barrels,  hats,  and  silken  fabrics  are  carried  on. 

Cordova  was  founded  by  the  Romans,  but  at  what  period 
is  uncertain.  It  was  afterwards  taken  by  the  Goths,  and 
again  by  the  Moors  in  672,  and  for  many  centuries  after- 
wards remained  the  splendid  capital  of  the  Caliphate  of  the 
West.  In  1236  it  was  taken  and  almost  wholly  destroyed 
by  Ferdinand  III.  of  Castile.  It  afterwards  became  the 
capital  of  one  of  the  four  old  provinces  of  Andalusia,  with 
the  title  of  kingdom.  It  contained  in  the  tenth  century 
nearly  a  million  of  inhabitants,  300  mosques,  900  baths,  and 
600  inns.  Cordova  was  for  some  time  comprised  in  the 
country  of  the  kings  of  Seville.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the 
two  Senecas,  the  Roman  poet  Lucan,  and  the  Arab  physi- 
cians Avicenna  and  Averroe's.     Pop.  in  1887,  55,614. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Cordovese,  koRMo-veez',  or  Cor'dovaw; 
or  Cor^ddbese',  when  the  ancient  town  is  referred  to. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  is  bounded 
N.  by  Badajos  and  Ciudad  Real,  £.  by  Jaen,  S.  and  S.E. 
by  Granada  and  Malaga,  and  S.W.  by  Seville.  Area,  5068 
square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  the  Guadal- 
quivir.    Pop.  in  1887,  420,714. 

Cordova,  koR'do-v&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  06 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  railway  to  Mexico.  Pop. 
4396.  It  is  well  built  of  stone,  and  has  many  handsome 
public  edifices,  an  active  trade  in  sugar,  tobacco,  and  coffee, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Cordova,  koR'do-v&,  a  city  of  the  Argentine  Republio, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  situated  in  a  beau- 
tiful valley  on  the  Primero,  and  well  sheltered  from  the 
N,  and  S,  winds,  387  miles  N,W.  of  Buenos  Ayres,  Lat,  31° 
35'  S, ;  Ion.  63°  50'  W.  Railways  extend  hence  to  Rosario 
and  Tuouman,  It  is  well  built,  and  contains  many  churches, 
a  university,  a  national  observatory,  and  an  academy  of 
sciences.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  Cordova  is  the 
centre  of  communication  between  Buenos  Ayres  and  the 
upper  provinces.  Its  produce  consists  principally  of  hides 
and  wool.     It  was  founded  in  1573.     Pop,  66.600. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  near 
its  centre,  bounded  by  Santiago,  La  Rioja,  San  Luis,  and 
Entre  Rios.  Area.  55,563  square  miles.  Pop.  380,000, 
The  mountains  of  the  Sierra  de  Cordova  extend  N,  and  W, 
of  the  capital ;  elsewhere  it  is  flat.  The  province  produces 
gold,  and  has  noble  forests.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are 
numerous;  and  beef,  maize,  and  fruits  are  the  principal 
products.     Capital,  Cordova. 

Cordova,  kor'do-va.  or  kor-do'va,  a  post- village  of  Rock 
Island  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Cordova  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of 
the  town  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lime.     Pop.  of  township,  935. 

Cordova,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky, 

Cordova,  a  post-office  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Mary- 
land A  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Easton. 


COB 


954 


GOR 


Cordova,  a  post- village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in  Cor- 
dova township,  on  Lake  Gorman,  17  miles  E.  of  St.  Peter, 
and  on  Cannon  River,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Mankato.  It 
has  3  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  lumber-mills.  Pop.  about  150  ; 
of  the  township,  790. 

Cordova,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. 

Cordovado,  koR-do-v4'do,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
in  the  government  of  Venice,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Udine.  Pop. 
1706.     It  has  a  fort,  a  cathedral,  and  a  bishop's  palace. 

Cordnba  and  Cordubese.    See  Cordova. 

Corduene,  or  Cordyene.    See  Koordistan. 

Corea,  or  Korea,  ko-ree'a  (called  by  the  natives  Cho- 
len  or  Tayoaien,  by  the  Chinese,  to  whom  it  is  tributary, 
Kao-lee,  and  by  the  Japanese,  Ko-rai,  ko^ri',  whence  its 
European  name  of  Corea,  or  Korea),  a  peninsular  country 
in  Eastern  Asia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Sea  of  Japan,  S.  by  the 
Strait  of  Corea,  and  W.  by  the  Yellow  Sea  and  the  Gulf  of 
Leao-Tong.  The  capital,  King-Ki-Tao,  is  situated  on  the 
Kiflng  River,  in  the  centre  of  the  kingdom,  lat.  37°  40'  N., 
Ion.  127°  20'  E.  Corea  comprises  a  peninsula  with  a  small 
portion  of  the  continent  to  which  it  is  attached;  the  con- 
tinental portion  extending  in  breadth  from  Ion.  124°  to 
132°  E.,  the  peninsula  from  Ion.  125°  15'  to  131°  30'  E., 
between  lat.  33°  20'  and  43'  N.,  its  average  width  being 
about  135  miles,  while  the  total  length  of  the  country  from 
N.  to  S.  is  somewhat  less  than  600  miles.  Corea  also  in- 
cludes numerous  groups  of  islands  in  the  Yellow  Sea  and 
the  Strait  of  Corea,  and  the  island  of  Quelpaert,  50  miles  S. 
of  the  peninsula.  Area,  about  90,000  square  miles.  Esti- 
mated pop.  8,595,750. 

The  peninsula  is  traversed  through  its  length  by  a  moun 
tain-range,  abrupt  and  precipitous  on  the  E.,  but  forming  a 
gentle  slope  on  the  W.  side,  which,  being  watered  by  the 
principal  rivers  of  the  country,  is  exceedingly  fertile.  The 
coasts  are  for  the  most  part  rocky  and  almost  inaccessible  ; 
yet  there  are  some  excellent  harbors.  The  climate  is  cold, 
and  in  the  summer  rain  is  frequent.  In  the  N.  the  only 
grain  that  can  be  grown  is  barley ;  but  in  the  S.  the  soil  is 
fertile,  and  wheat,  cotton,  rice,  millet,  and  hemp  are  grown 
extensively.  A  decoction  of  pinang,  a  kind  of  walnut,  is 
substituted  for  tea.  The  ginseng  root  is  a  production  of 
Corea,  greatly  valued  in  China  and  Japan,  where  high  prices 
are  given  for  it.  Potatoes  were  introduced  by  GutzlafF  and 
Lindsay  in  1832,  but  their  cultivation  is  illegal.  The  un- 
cultivated northern  parts  of  the  kingdom  are  covered  with 
extensive  forests.  Fruits  are  abundant,  including  pears, 
plums,  strawberries,  melons,  blackberries,  apricots,  and 
grapes ;  but  on  account  of  the  continual  summer  rains  all 
are  insipid.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  rock  salt,  iron,  and  coal 
are  found,  but  are  not  allowed  to  be  wrought  to  any  extent. 
The  domestic  animals  are  oxen,  pigs,  goats,  dogs,  and  cats, 
and  a  small  race  of  horses,  very  strong  and  spirited.  Oxen 
only  are  used  for  agricultural  labors,  the  horse  being  reserved 
for  the  saddle.  Sheep  are  almost  unknown,  there  being  a 
prohibition  against  rearing  them.  The  royal  tiger  and  pan- 
ther are  so  numerous  that  their  skins  form  an  article  of 
commerce.  These  animals  are  distinguished  from  those  of 
the  same  kind  found  in  the  tropics  by  the  greater  length  of 
the  hair, — the  Bengal  tiger  being  far  inferior  in  beauty  of 
coat  to  that  of  Corea.  Corean  musk  is  much  used  as  a  med- 
icine and  perfume. 

The  manufactures  of  Corea  comprise  strong  and  coarse 
tissues  of  hemp,  cotton,  and  grass ;  silk  in  considerable 
quantity,  but  not  very  tine ;  pottery  and  porcelain ;  excel- 
lent arms, — Corean  sabres  and  poniards  being  much  sought 
for  by  the  Chinese;  and  well-made  matchlocks.  Paper  con- 
stitutes an  important  branch  of  manufacture,  entering  as  it 
does  in  Corea  into  the  construction  of  numerous  articles. 
Of  it  are  made  hats,  umbrellas,  doors,  sacks,  and  cloaks. 
Ships  in  Corea  are  simple  and  light,  from  30  to  50  feet  long, 
the  wood-work  clumsy  and  fastened  with  wooden  pegs,  no 
metal  being  employed  in  joining  any  part  of  them. 

The  foreign  commerce  is  chiefly  with  China  and  Japan ; 
but  there  is  some  trade  with  European  countries  and  the 
United  States.  Hides,  skins,  paper,  and  ginseng  are  ex- 
ported ;  and  aromatic  woods,  cottons,  petroleum,  metal  wares, 
pepper,  various  kinds  of  yarn,  and  Japan-ware  are  imported. 
Up  to  1882,  when  the  United  States  effected  a  treaty  with 
Corea,  there  was  no  communication  with  Europeans,  and 
scarcely  any  with  the  Chinese.  Internal  commerce  there 
can  be  almost  none,  from  the  want  of  good  roads.  Three 
ports — Chemulpo  on  the  west  coast  and  Fusan  and  Gen- 
aan  on  the  east  coast — are  open  to  foreign  commerce. 

Corea  is  governed  by  a  king,  whose  sway  is  absolute, 
and,  though  nominally  tributary  to  China,  his  freedom  of 
aotion  seems  quite  uncontrolled.  The  government  is  organ- 
ized like  that  of  China.    The  ministry  is  divided  into  5 


departments,  which  form  the  centre  of  all  civil  and  military 
appointments,  so  that  from  thera  issues  the  administration 
of  every  religious,  political,  and  social  ordinance.  The 
power  of  the  king  is  hold  inviolable  and  sacred,  from  the 
union  in  his  own  person  of  the  hierarchical  and  secular  sov- 
ereignty. The  country  is  divided  into  8  provinces,  each 
of  which  is  placed  under  the  authority  of  a  governor.  The 
king's  revenues,  which  are  very  considerable,  are  derived 
chiefly  from  the  letting  out  of  lands,  and  from  a  tithe  of  all 
produce,  he  being  the  possessor  of  nearly  all  the  landed 
property.  The  people  of  Corea  are  mostly  very  poor.  The 
prevailing  religion  is  Booddhism,  which  was  introduced  from 
China  in  the  year  372,  although  there  appears  to  be  another 
religion  in  existence  in  the  country,  like  the  Sin-too  in  Japan 
and  the  Taouist  in  China.  Confucius  is  also  much  esteemed 
in  Corea,  and  has  many  followers.  There  are  some  native 
Christians  (Roman  Catholics),  but  they  are  subject  to  severe 
persecutions  from  time  to  time. 

The  Corean  language  is  Tungusic  in  its  afiSnities,  but  hai 
been  corrupted  by  the  introduction  of  a  multitude  of  Chinese 
words,  and  by  the  general  use  of  Chinese  characters,  which 
are  employed  by  the  higher  classes  for  all  official,  scientific, 
and  religious  purposes,  while  for  the  use  of  private  life 
another  kind  of  character  is  used,  remarkable  for  simplicity. 

About  B.C.  1120  the  Chinese  appear  to  have  gained  pos- 
session of  the  country.  The  Japanese  held  it  between  the 
years  1692  and  1698,  when  it  again  fell  under  the  sway  of 
China :  it  paid  an  annual  tribute  to  the  emperor,  to  whom, 
also,  an  embassy  was  sent  every  year  with  presents  and  in- 
formation of  any  political  event  of  importance.  China 
still  claims  the  suzerainty.  Japan  compelled  the  opening 
of  three  porta  in  1876.  The  United  States  made  a  com- 
mercial treaty  in  1882,  and  other  leading  foreign  powers 
in  1883,  1884,  and  1888. 

Corean  Archipelago,  or  Archipelago  of  CoreEf 
in  the  Yellow  Sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Corea,  and  extending 
from  the  island  of  Quelpaert  (lat.  of  the  N.  part,  33°  29' 
42"  N.,  Ion.  126°  56'  30"  E.)  to  lat.  36°  50'  N.  They  are 
very  imperfectly  known,  but  form  several  groups,  of  which., 
reckoning  from  S.  to  N.,  may  be  named  Port  Hamilton, 
Lyra's,  Amherst,  Hatton's,  and  Clifford's  Islands.  They  are 
chiefly  of  granitic  rock,  rising  at  times  to  sharp  peaks  2000 
feet  high  and  having  frequently  fantastic  shapes,  rugged 
and  bare :  basalt  also  occurs,  and  sometimes  is  columnar. 

Core  Creek,  a  station  in  Craven  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  11  miles  AV.  by  N.  of 
New-Berne. 

Corella,  ko-rfil'yl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  49 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  5023.  It  has  a  hospital 
and  several  distilleries,  oil-mills,  and  liquorice-factories. 

Corentyn,  ko-rSn-tin',  or  Corantyn,  a  river  of  South 
America,  rises  in  lat.  1°  N.,  25  miles  E.  of  the  Essequibo, 
flows  generally  N.,  separating  British  and  Dutch  Guiana, 
and  enters  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  in  lat.  6°  N.,  Ion.  57" 
W.     It  is  navigable  for  a  distance  of  150  miles. 

Core  (kor)  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  is 
about  35  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  5  miles  broad.  It  joins 
Pamlico  Sound. 

Co'rey,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Newburg 
township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (Air- Line  di- 
vision), 12  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Con- 
stantino.    It  has  a  church  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Corfe  Castle,  a  decayed  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dor- 
set, Isle  of  Purbeck,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wareham. 

Corfu,  kor-foo'  or  kor'fu  (modern  Gr.  Kop<f(oi,  koR-fee'; 
Fr,  Corfou,  koR'foo' ;  anc.  Gr.  KepKvpa,  Kerkura ;  L.  Cor- 
cy'ra),  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands  of  Greece,  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, separated  from  the  coast  of  Albania  by  a  narrow 
channel.  Extreme  length,  40  miles.  Area,  227  square 
miles.  Pop.  about  65,000.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  very 
picturesque;  soil  fertile;  climate  hot  and  very  variable. 
The  principal  products  are  grain,  wine,  and  oil,  more  than 
half  the  island  being  covered  with  olive-groves ;  oranges, 
lemons,  salt,  honey,  and  wax.  It  is  subdivided  into  7  can- 
tons. Besides  the  city  of  Corfu,  it  contains  only  some  vil- 
lages. The  nome  of  Corfu  includes  also  the  isles  of  Santa 
Maura  and  Paxo.     Area,  427  square  miles.     Pop.  114,535. 

Corfu,  a  fortified  seaport  city,  capital  of  the  above 
island,  on  its  E.  coast,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Butrinto  (in  Epi- 
rus).     Pop.  19,025.     It  is  beautifully  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence, and  is  defended  by  a  detached  citadel  and  by  Forti 
Neuf  and  Vido  (the  latter  on  a  small  island,  the  ancient 
Pty'cha).     The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  numeroui 
other  richly  decorated  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,    ■ 
the  arsenal,  military  hospital,  a  theatre,  a  museum,  a  public    | 
library,  lunatic  and  orphan  asylums,  a  light-house,  and  an    .. 
aqueduct.     Corfu  is  the  see  of  Greek  and  Latin  archbishops, 


COR 


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25  n 

li 


i 


ftnd  the  summer  residence  of  the  king  and  court  of  Greece. 
It  has  a  safe  harbor,  a  good  trade,  and  manufactures  of 
pottery  and  oil.     It  is  a  winter  resort  for  invalids. 

Cor'fu,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  400. 

Cori,  ko'ree  (ano.  Co'ra),  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  6223. 

Coria,  ko're-4  (anc.  Gau'rhim),  a  town  of  Spain,  47 
Ubiles  N.N.AV.  of  Caceres,  on  the  Alagon.  Pop.  2656.  It  is 
enclosed  by  granite  walls  of  Roman  origin,  and  has  a  castle 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  and  several 
convents  and  hospitals.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Coria,  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles  S.  of  Seville,  on  the 
Guadalquivir,  noted  for  it«  manufacture  of  large  jars  for 
mpring  oil  and  almonds.  Pop.  3756. 
HCoriallum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Chbrbovro. 
'"^Corigliano,  ko-reel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cosenza,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rossano,  and  4  miles  from 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto.  Pop.  10,572.  It  is  gloomy  and  ill 
built,  but  well  supplied  with  water  from  the  neighboring 
mountain.  It  has  a  fine  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  caps,  and  soap,  with  a  trade  in  wine  and  fruit,  timber 
and  liquorice.  Near  it  is  the  site  of  Sybari»,  the  type  of 
ancient  luxury. 

Corigliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2160. 

Corinaldo,ko-re-n&l'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
25  miles  W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  5959. 

Coringa,  ko-rin'g4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15 
es  W.S.W.  of  Catanzaro.  Pop.  3000. 
oringa^  ko-ring'gS,  (anc.  Caranga?),  a  seaport  town 
»f  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Rajahmundry,  on  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Godavery, 
with  one  of  the  few  harbors  on  this  coast.  A  great  number 
of  small  vessels  are  built  here.  Cotton  stuffs  and  teak  are 
ttported,  and  silk,  paper,  copper,  Ac,  imported.  It  is  ad- 
Beent  to  the  French  town  of  Yanaon. 
VCorininm,  an  ancient  name  of  Cirencester. 
^Corin'na,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Corinna 
township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  (Dexter  Branch), 
32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  4  churches,  the 
Corinna  Union  Academy,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill, 
and  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  Ac,  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1207. 

Corinna  Centre,  a  post-borough  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Corinna  Station.  It  has  church 
organizations,  2  cider-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Corinne,  kor'in',  a  post-hamlet  of  Stutsman  co.,  N.D., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jamestown. 

Corinne,  a  post -hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  West  Chester. 

Corinne,  or  Corinne  City,  a  post-village  of  Box 
Elder  co.,  Utah,  is  on  Bear  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Box  Elder,  24  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ogden,  and  61  miles  N,  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It 
i«  4250  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Cor'inth  (anc.  L.  Corm'thua  ;  Gr.  Kd/jivflo? ;  Fr.  Corinthe, 
koVist' ;  called  in  modern  Greek,  Gortho  and  Korinthoa), 
an  ancient  city  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  on  the  Isthmus  of 
Corinth,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Lepanto  on  the  W.  and  iEgina 
on  the  E.,  48  miles  W.  of  Athens.  In  remote  times  Corinth 
was  one  of  the  most  flourishing  cities  of  Greece,  being  an 
entrep8t  for  all  merchandise  passing  from  sea  to  sea,  and 
commanding  at  the  same  time  all  the  traffic  from  N.  to  S. 
Its  inhabitants  formed  numerous  colonies,  and  acquired  great 
riches,  so  that  the  city  became  proverbial  for  its  luxury. 
Travellers  from  all  parts  came  to  admire  its  magnificent 
works  of  art.  St.  Paul  preached  here  during  more  than  a 
year.  It  was  profusely  adorned  with  fountains,  statues, 
theatres,  and  public  buildings  of  such  excellence  in  design 
aa  to  give  rise  to  an  order  of  architecture  now  known  by  its 
name.  But  no  portion  of  this  splendor  has  existed  for  cen- 
turies, and  for  ages  the  visitor  to  Corinth  has  had  to  climb 
over  masses  of  masonry  to  reach  the  streets  of  the  modern 
town.  The  traces  of  the  ancient  walls  of  the  city  are  still 
discernible ;  but  the  principal  and  most  interesting  monu- 
ments of  antiquity  now  remaining  are  the  citadel  or  Acro- 
Corinthus,  and  seven  Doric  columns,  the  remains  of  a  Doric 
temple,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  town.  The  citadel 
stands  on  an  elevation  1886  feet  high,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
«ity,  and  is  considered  the  second  strongest  fortification  in 
Greece.  The  view  from  this  point  is  singularly  magnificent. 
Ancient  Corinth  was  sacked  and  nearly  destroyed  by  the 
Romans  b.c.  146 ;  nearly  all  the  treasures  of  art  there  ac- 
cumulated were  carried  to  Rome.  The  later  city  was  pos- 
sessed successively  by  the  Western  emperors  and  the  Vene- 


tians; from  the  latter  Mohammed  IT.  wrested  it  A.D.  1458. 
It  was  recovered  afterwards  by  the  Venetians  in  1687,  and 
retaken  by  the  Turks  in  1715,  who  held  it  till  1823.  The 
modern  town,  called  also  New  Corinth,  is  on  the  Gulf  of 
Corinth,  3  miles  N.  of  the  old  city.    It  exports  grain,  honey, 

wax,  oil,  and  currants.      Pop.  about  6500. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Corinthian,  ko-rin'the-an.  See  Isthhvs  or  Cob- 
iNTH  and  Gulp  op  Corinth. 

Cor'inth,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co..  Ark.,  8  mile* 
N.E.  of  Centre  Point.  It  has  a  church,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Corinth,  a  post-village  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles  N.W* 
of  Hogansville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Corinth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co..  111.,  12  milea 
N.E.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church, 

Corinth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  in  Cor- 
inth township,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Solomon  River,  35 
miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  313. 

Corinth,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Grant  co.,  Ky,, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Williamstown.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Corinth,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 

20  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  5  churches,  and  has 
manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber.     Pop.  1462. 

Corinth,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Corinth,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  is 

21  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  luka,  and  96  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
West  Point.  It  has  a  court-house,  machine-shops,  woollen- 
and  planing-mills,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
seminaries,  and  7  churches.  General  Rosecrans  gained  a 
victory  over  the  Confederates  here,  Oct.  .3-5,  1862.     P.  2111. 

Corinth,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
1  mile  E.  by  S.  of  Jessup's  Landing,  and  16  miles  (diieot) 
N.  by  E.  of  Ballston  Spa.  It  has  several  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  saw-mill,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  pulp 
and  paper.     Pop.  in  1890,  1222. 

Corinth  (local  pron.  kp-rinth'),  a  post- village  of  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  cop- 
per-mines, an  academy,  Ac. 

Corinto,  ko-reen'to,  one  of  the  principal  seaports  ot 
Nicaragua,  on  its  Pacific  coast. 

Corio,  ko're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  N.N.W  of 
Turin.     Pop.  6452. 

Corisco,  ko-ris'ko,  a  bay  of  Western  Africa,  Bight  of 
Biafra.  It  is  32  miles  broad,  and  extends  from  Cape  Esteii-as 
on  the  S.  to  Cape  St.  John  on  the  N.,  and  14  miles  inland. 

Corisco,  an  island  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  above 
bay.  Lat.  54'  30"  S.;  Ion.  9°  16'  E.  It  is  12  miles  long 
and  6  miles  broad.     It  is  claimed  by  Spain. 

Corinm,  an  ancient  name  of  Cairo,  in  Italy. 

Cork  (L.  Corca'gia  or  Corra'gia),  a  city,  parliamentai-y 
borough,  and  river-port  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  county 
of  Cork,  on  the  Lee,  11  miles  above  the  entrance  of  Cork 
harbor,  and  137  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.  The  city  proper  is 
built  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Lee.  which  river  is  here 
crossed  by  bridges,  several  of  them  elegant  structures.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  several  railways.  Its  main  streets  are 
broad,  well  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas :  but  a  part  of  the 
city  consists  of  wretched  lanes.  Cork  is  the  third  city  of 
Ireland  in  population,  being  excelled  by  Dublin  and  Bel- 
fast. The  houses  in  the  more  ancient  quarter  are  mostly 
of  limestone;  elsewhere  they  are  of  brick,  frequently  faced 
with  slate.  Among  the  most  striking  edifices  are  the  new 
Protestant  cathedral;  the  city  and  county  court-houses, 
having  a  portico  surmounted  by  a  group  of  colossal  figures; 
the  mansion-house,  on  a  fine  walk  termed  the  Mardyke;  the 
exchange,  commercial  buildings,  old  county  court-house, 
county  and  city  prisons,  house  of  correction,  convict  depot. 
North  and  South  Infirmaries,  lunatic  asylum,  custom-house, 
Cork  Royal  Institution,  the  episcopal  palace,  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  5  splendid  Catholic  chapels,  Augustine, 
Franciscan,  Dominican,  and  Capuchin  monasteries  (the  two 
latter  possessing  very  handsome  chapels),  and  nunneries,  to 
which  are  attached  large  female  schools.  The  charitable 
institutions  comprise  the  infirmaries,  fever,  lying-in,  and 
foundling  hospitals,  the  Magdalen  asylum  and  refuge,  green- 
and  blue-coat  schools,  the  monks'  schools,  government  pawn 
bank,  lunatic  asylum,  and  numerous  other  charities  of  less 
note.  The  principal  scientific  institutidns  are  Queen's  Col- 
lege, with  fine  buildings,  the  School  of  Medicine  and  Sur 
gery,  Cork  Library,  Philosophical  Library,  fine-art,  Cuvier- 
ian,  agricultural,  horticultural,  and  other  societies,  and  the 
Mechanics'  Institution.  Cork  has  several  club-houses  and 
banks,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  theatres,  cavalry  and  in- 
fantry barracks,  and  a  public  cemetery.  Its  beautiful  en- 
virons are  studded  with  country  residences  belonging  to 
merchants.     The  city  of  Cork  forms  a  county  of  itself. 


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The  principal  manufactures  are  of  leather,  iron  and  other 
metallic  goods,  glass,  gloves,  paper,  linen,  fertilizers,  beer, 
and  spirits.  The  trade  is  extensive ;  the  exports  consist  of 
corn,  flour,  cattle,  feathers,  salmon,  butter,  and  other  Irish 
produce. 

Cork  communicates  by  steam  with  London,  Dublin,  Bris- 
tol, Liverpool,  and  Glasgow.  Its  corporation  consists  of  a 
mayor,  recorder,  sheriff,  aldermen,  and  41  town-councillors. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops,  of  assizes 
for  the  city  and  county  of  Cork,  of  quarter-sessions,  and  a 
recorder's  court,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  the  southern  mili- 
tary district  of  Ireland.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  Cork  was  built  in  the  sixth  century,  probably 
by  the  Danes,  and  in  the  twelfth  acknowledged  the  sov- 
ereignty of  Henry  II.  After  the  revolution  of  1688  it  was 
occupied  by  King  James  II.,  but  was  besieged  and  taken 
in  the  year  1690  by  the  then  Earl  of  Marlborough.  Pop. 
in  1881,  80,124;  in  1891,  75,070. 

Corky  the  most  southerly  and  largest  county  of  Ireland, 
in  Munster,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Limerick,  N.E.  by  Tip- 
perary,  E.  by  Waterford,  and  on  the  other  sides  by  the  At- 
Uuitio  Ocean.  Area,  2885  square  miles.  The  surface  is 
mountainous  in  the  W.  Old  red  sandstone  and  mountain 
limestone  are  the  predominant  rocks,  with  some  seams  of 
ooal.  The  coast  is  deeply  indented  by  some  of  the  finest 
bays  and  harbors  in  the  world,  the  principal  being  Bantry 
and  Dunmanus  Bays,  and  Clonakilty,  Kinsale,  Cork,  and 
Toughal  harbors.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Blackwater, 
Lee,  and  Bandon.  Small  lakes  are  numerous,  and  in  many 
parts  the  scenery  is  highly  picturesque.  The  mineral  prod- 
ucts include  lime,  potter's  clay,  magnesia,  copper  pyrites, 
Ac.  The  county  is  subdivided  into  East  and  West  Ridings. 
After  Cork,  the  capital,  the  chief  towns  are  Youghal,  Fer- 
moy,  Queenstown,  Bandon,  and  Kinsale.  The  county  sends 
two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop.  in  1871,  516,046;  in 
1881,  495,607;  in  1891,  436,641, 

Cork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  or  near 
Grand  River,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 
Cork  (late  Acton),  a  post-village  and  settlement  in 
York  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  European  <fc  North  Amer- 
ican Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  350. 

Cork  Har'bor,  a  fine  landlocked  basin  of  Ireland, 
formed  by  the  estuary  of  the  Lee.  It  is  large  and  deep 
enough  to  contain  the  whole  British  navy,  and  has  an  en- 
trance 1  mile  across,  within  which  it  expands  to  8  miles  in 
breadth.  It  contains  Spike  and  Hawlbowlin^  Islands.  Lat. 
51°  50'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  19'  W.  On  its  shores  are  the  towns 
of  Queenstown  and  Passage.  It  has  been  of  late  much  im- 
proved by  the  construction  of  jetties  and  quays. 

Corks'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  oo..  Ark.,  13  miles 
from  Ozark  Station. 

Corlay*  koR^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cfltes-du-Nord,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Loud6ac.  Pop.  1541.  Hadt  Corlay,  h5 
koRU4',  or  Corlay-le-Haut,  a  village,  is  adjacent  to  this 
town.     Pop.  1061. 

Corleone,  koR-li-o'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  miles  S.  of 
Palermo,  on  a  hill,  near  the  source  of  the  Belici.  Pop. 
16,304.  It  is  pretty  well  built,  and  has  several  churches 
and  convents,  a  college,  prison,  and  hospital,  with  a  brisk 
trade,  chiefly  with  Palermo,  in  grain  and  oil. 

Corleto,  koR-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  province  of 
Basilicata,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5003. 

Cor'Iey*  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Harlan.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Corley,  a  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  22  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Texarkana. 

Corlin,  or  Korlin,  koR-leen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  3127. 

Cormachiti,  koR-mi-Kee'tee  (anc.  Crom'myon  Pro- 
tnonto'rium),  a  lofty  promontory,  sometimes  called  Mount 
Cormachiti,  on  the  N.  of  the  island  of  Cyprus.  Lat.  35° 
23'  48"  N.;  Ion.  32°  55'  15"  E. 

Cormantyn,  koR-min'tin,  or  koR-mS,n-tIne',  or  Cor- 
mantino,  koR-min-tee'no,  a  populous  village  of  the  Gold 
Coast.  From  the  name  of  this  village,  many  of  the  blacks 
in  the  West  Indies  are  called  Ooromantia.  Little  Cor- 
MANTYN  is  an  abandoned  Dutch  fort  of  the  Gold  Coast,  3 
miles  E.  of  Anamaboe. 

Cormayeur,  or  Cormtyor.    See  Courmayedr. 
Corm  Creek  rises  in  Union  co.,  Ark.,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Union  parish.  La.,  and  enters  the  Ouachita 
River  12  miles  N.  of  Monroe.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Corme,  koR'mi,  a  small  port  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Spain,  in  Galicia,  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Corunna,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name. 

Cormeilles,  koR^m&'yf  or  koR^mail',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Oise,  15  miles  N.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  927. 


Cormeilles,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  38  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1431. 

Corme-Royal,  konm-ro^yil',  a  town  of  France,  is 
Charente-Inf6rieure,  9  miles  W.  of  Saintes.     Pop.  1414. 

Cormeryy  koR^m§h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et< 
Loire,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Tours,  on  the  Indre.     Pop.  1 039. 

Cormicy,  kon^mee^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mame, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Rheims.     Pop.  1431. 

CormonS)  koR'mons,  a  town  of  Austria,  government  of 
Triest,  and  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Gbrz.  Pop.  4577,  partly 
engaged  in  silk-manufactures. 

Cor'morant,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     P.  123. 

Cormorant  Mills,  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Becker  co.,  Minn. 

Cornabuss,  Ontario.     See  Markdale. 

Cornate,  koR-ni'ti,  or  Coronate,  ko-ro-ni'ti,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1526. 

Corn  Creek,  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  Conecuh 
River  from  the  N. 

Corn  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky. 

Cornegliano,  koR-nil-y&'no,  or  Coruigliano,  koR- 
neel-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Genoa,  on 
the  Mediterranean. 

Cornegliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  26  milei 
S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2038. 

Corneilla-de-la-RiTi^re,  koR^ni^y4'-d§h-li-ree* 
ve-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  10  miles 
W.  of  Perpignan.     Pop.  1355. 

Corneille  (kor-neel')  or  Cor'ney  Creek  rises  ia 
Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  runs  southeastward  into  Louisiana,  and 
enters  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne  in  Union  parish,  2  or  3  miles 
W.  of  Farmersville.     It  is  about  90  miles  long. 

Corne'lia,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Warrensburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Corne'lius,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Portland- 
It  has  2  flouring-mills. 

Cor^nell',  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  in 
Amity  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Pontiac,  and  110  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
tile.     Pop.  437. 

Cornell,  Michigan.     See  Sebewa. 

Cornell'ville,  or  Far'mersville,  a  hamlet  in  Oxford 
CO.,  Ontario,  17  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tilsonburg.    Pop.  100. 

Cor'nersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Canfield. 

Cor'nerstone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  3 
miles  E.  of  New  Gascony.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Cornersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cambridge. 

Cornersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Waterford.     It  has  a  church. 

Cornersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo.,  4A 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Cornersville,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  oo.,  Tenn.,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Pulaski,  and  about  55  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  male  and  female  institute.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Coronet',  a  post-office  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn. 

Corneto,  koR-ni'to  (anc.  Cornetum  ? ),  a  maritime  towB 
of  Central  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Civita  Vecchia,  on  a  lofty  height,  bordering  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  1  mile  from  the  ruins  of  Tarquinii,  to  which 
city  it  succeeded  in  the  sixth  century  as  a  bishop's  see.  Pop. 
5652.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral  with  a  fine  dome  and 
various  antiques.  Many  of  its  private  houses  and  churches 
are  built  partly  with  materials  from  the  ancient  TarquiniL 
In  the  vicinity  are  many  Etruscan  tombs. 

Cor^netts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  In 
Bogard  township. 

Corn  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Georgetown.    It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  300. 

Cornia,  koR'ne-i,  a  river  of  Italy,  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean 3  miles  E.  of  Piombino.     Length,  24  miles. 

Cornigliano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cornegliano. 

Corniglio,  koR-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Parma,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Beatica  and 
Parma  Rivers.     Pop.  4777. 

Cornimont,  koR^nee^m&N»'  (Ger.  Hornenherg,  hoB'- 
n§n-bfiRG),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  frontier  of 
Alsace,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1310. 

Cor'ning,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co..  Ark.,  153 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  584.  1 

Corning,  a  post-village  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  19  miles  by  | 
rail  S.  of  Red  Bluff.    It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office, 

Corning,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  I»wa,  on 


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th«  East  Branch  of  the  Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  Barling- 
ton  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  136  miles  W.  of  Ottumwa, 
•nd  about  80  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  banks,  a 
high  school,  3  newspaper  ofiBces,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1682. 

Corning)  a  post- village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Atchison.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  291. 

Corning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Allegan.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Corning,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs 
Railroad,  51  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  about  2  miles 
from  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
£gu^tnre8  of  hemp,  farm-implements,  ropes,  and  flour. 

Corning,  a  city  of  New  York,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Steuben  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Chemung  River,  and  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  and  the  Erie  Railroads, 
290  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  York,  132  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
falo, and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  is  a  terminus  of 
several  branches  of  the  Fall  Brook  Railroad  system,  which 
connect  it  with  the  coal-mines  of  Lycoming  and  Tioga  cos., 
Pa.,  and  with  the  New  York  Central  system.  It  contains  a 
oourt-house,  7  churches,  the  Corning  Free  Academy,  a  pub- 
lic library,  2  banks,  several  iron-foundries,  manufactures  of 
railroad-cars,  extensive  glass-works,  stove-works,  lumber 
industries,  Ac.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  Cor- 
ning with  Knoxville.  Pop.  in  1880,  4802  j  in  1890,  8550. 
t  Corning,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  12  miles  by 
il  S.E.  of  New  Lexington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry, 
id  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  1551. 
Corning,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa,,  16  miles  by 
il  S.  of  Allentown, 
Corning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Wis.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Merrill. 
Cor'nisli,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Ossi- 
p«e  River,  27  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
S  churches,  and  manufactures  of  sleighs  and  clothing. 
p.  of  Cornish  township,  1118. 

Cornish,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     Pop. 
",  mostly  Swedes. 

Cornish,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  E. 
k  of  the  Connecticut  River.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
4.    See  Cornish  Flat. 

Ornish  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H. 
Cornish  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Cornish  township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  and 
^out  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Claremont.  It  has  a  church. 
KCor'nishville,  a  post- village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  about 
B  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour 
Bd  lumber.     Pop.  151. 

■  Corn'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Wlman,  Clinton  A  Springfield  Railro:^,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cor'nog's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Waynes- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  from 
Downingtown. 

Cornouailles,  koR*noo-w4l',  a  former  district  of 
Prance,  in  Lower  Brittany,  now  comprised  in  the  depart- 
ments of  FinistSre,  C8tes-du-Nord,  and  Morbihan.  Its 
capital  was  Quimper-Corentin.  Cornwall,  in  England,  is 
sometimes  written  Cornouailles  by  the  French. 

Corn'planter,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.     Pop. 
10,100.     It  contains  Oil  City,  Rouseville,  Petroleum  Centre, 
and  other  oil  towns. 
Cornplanter,  apost-officaof  Warren  co..  Pa. 
Corn'propst's   Mills,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon 
CO..  Pa. 

Corns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Corn'ton,  a  former  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  now  called  Shabbona. 

Cornucopia,  kor^nu-ko'pe-^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones 
CO.,  Qa.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton. 

Cornucopia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Union.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  182. 

Cornudella,  koR-noo-niryl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 24  miles  N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3000. 

Cornus,  koR^niice',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  16 
■»iles  E.S.E.  of  Saint-Affrique.     Pop.  1558. 

Corn'ville,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Skowbegan.     It  has  2  churches  and  several 
•aw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  785. 
Corn'wall,  a  county  of  England,  forming  its  S.W.  ex- 


tremity, enclosed  on  all  sides  by  the  sea,  except  on  the  B., 
where  it  is  mostly  separated  from  Devonshire  by  the  river 
Tamar.  Length,  78  miles;  breadth,  43  miles.  Area,  1359 
square  miles,  including  the  Scilly  Islands.  The  surface  is 
intersected  from  W.  to  E.  by  a  ridge  of  rugged  and  bleak 
hills,  and  very  scantily  timbered,  but  it  has  some  very  pio> 
turesque  and  fertile  valleys.  On  the  northern  coast  a  con- 
siderable extent  of  surface  has  been  overwhelmed  with  sand, 
covering  hills  of  several  hundred  feet  in  height.  The  shores 
are  greatly  indented  by  inlets  of  the  sea,  the  principal  of 
which  are  St.  Ives  and  Padstow,  harbors  on  the  Irisn  Sea, 
and,  on  the  English  Channel,  St.  Blazey  Bay,  Falmouth 
Harbor,  and  Mount's  Bay.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tamar, 
Lynher,  Towey,  Fal,  and  Camel  or  Alan.  Wheat,  barley, 
and  oats  are  the  chief  crops,  and  agriculture  has  lately  im- 
proved. The  pilchard-fishery  employs  much  capital.  Com 
wall  is  rich  in  metals :  its  tin-mines  have  been  known  and 
wrought  from  remote  antiquity.  The  great  metallic  dis 
trict  extends  from  Dartmoor,  in  Devonshire,  on  the  E.,  to 
the  Land's  End  on  the  W.  Tin,  copper,  slate,  soapstone, 
and  fine  china-clay  are  the  leading  mineral  products.  Sil- 
ver, lead,  zinc,  iron,  manganese,  antimony,  arsenic,  mag- 
nesia, cobalt,  and  bismuth  are  also  found.  The  exports  are 
nearly  confined  to  mining-produce  and  fifh.  Its  principal 
towns  are  Bodmin,  Truro,  Launceston,  Falmouth,  Penryn, 
and  Penzance.  This  part  of  Britain  was  not  subdued  by 
the  Saxons  till  the  time  of  Athelstan,  and  its  vernacular  lan- 
guage (the  Cornish,  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic)  became  extinct 
about  1800.  The  district  contains  many  Druidical  stones 
and  other  rude  monuments,  as  also  ruins  of  baronial  castles. 
Capital,  Bodmin.  Pop.  in  1881,  330,686;  in  1891,  322,589. 
Cornwall  forms  a  duchy,  settled  on  the  eldest  son  of  the 
sovereign,  who,  accordingly,  to  his  other  titles  adds  that  of 
"  Duke  of  Cornwall ;"  but  the  duchy  is  much  larger  than 
the  county,  including  parts  of  Devonshire  and  Dorsetshire. 

Adj.  Cor'nish;  inhab.  Cor'nishkan. 

Corn'wall,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford,  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Housatonio  River.  It  has  7  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  iron,  shears,  Ac.  Pop.  1772.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Cornwall  and  Cornwall  Bridge. 

Cornwall,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  ia 
Cornwall  township,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  a  plain  surrounded  by  hills,  and  has  1  or  2  churches, 
Cornwall,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  111.  Pop.  962. 
Cornwall,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Madison  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  112 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Cornwall,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about 
48  miles  N.  of  New  York  City,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Hudson  River.  It  comprises  part  of  the  beautiful 
scenery  of  the  Highlands,  and  contains  the  village  and 
military  academy  of  West  Point,  also  a  village  named  Corn- 
wall on  the  Hudson.  It  has  many  superior  hotels  and 
boarding-houses,  which  in  summer  entertain  many  thou- 
sands of  visitors.  Cornwall  Post-Office  is  at  the  village  of 
Canterbury,  and  Cornwall  Station  (with  Idlewild  Post-Office) 
is  on  the  Newburg  A  New  York  Railroad,  5  miles  from  New- 
burg.     Pop.  in  1890,  3766. 

Cornwall,  a  post-township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  26  milea 
E.  of  Harrisburg.  The  borough  of  Lebanon  is  contiguous 
to  its  northern  boundary.  It  has  5  iron-furnaces,  and  mines 
of  iron  and  copper.  Pop.  2008.  Cornwall  Station,  7^  miles 
S.  of  Lebanon,  is  connected  with  that  town  by  the  Cornwall 
Railroad. 

Cornwall,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Middlebury,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Otter 
Creek.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  969. 

Cornwall,  a  port  of  entry,  the  chief  town  of  the  united 
cos.  of  Stormont  and  Glengarry,  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Cornwall  Canal,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  67  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal,  and  105 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kingston.  Several  large  mills  and  factories 
are  erected  here,  among  them  one  of  the  finest  woollen-fac- 
tories in  the  Dominion,  and  a  cotton-factory.  The  town 
contains  several  churches  and  hotels,  and  printing-offices 
from  which  2  weekly  newspapers  are  issued.     Pop.  2033. 

Cornwall,  or  Pye's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  7  miles  from  Charlotte- 
town.     Pop.  275. 

Cornwall  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  eo^. 
Conn.,  in  Cornwall  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and 
the  Housatonic  Railroad,  57  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Cornwall  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  oo.. 
Conn.,  in  Cornwall  township,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  ...  1 


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Cornwal'lis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Cornwallis,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Wolfville. 

Corn'wall  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Atlantic. 
Lat.  61°  S.;  Ion.  54°  28'  W. 

Cornwall  Island,  an  island  in  the  Mulgrave  Archi- 
pelago, in  tlie  Pacitie,  N.  of  the  Kadauk  chain. 

CornwalMis  Island,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  E.  of  Bath- 
urst,  of  which  it  is  really  a  peninsula.  Lat.  65°  N.;  Ion.  95°  W. 

CornAvallis  Islands.     See  Johnston  Islands. 

Corn'wall  Landing,  a  village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  about  6  miles  below  Newburg,  and 
near  the  N.  border  of  the  Highlands.     Pop.  200. 

Cornwall  on  the  Hudson,  a  post-village  and  sum- 
mer resort  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cornwall  township,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  5  miles  below  Newburg.  It  is  at  the 
foot  of  Storm  King,  a  peak  of  the  Highlands.  Including 
Canterbury,  it  has  7  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
This  village  is  adjacent  to  Carterbury,  and  is  3  miles  from 
Cornwall  Station  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  There  are  20  large 
hotels  and  boarding-houses  here. 

Corn'wall's,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Chester. 

Corn'wallville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Durham  township,  at  the  base  of  the  Catskill  Mountains, 
20  miles  W.  of  Catskill.     It  has  a  church. 

Corn'well ,  a  post-village  of  Menifee  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mount  Sterling  Coal  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Ster- 
ling. It  has  2  coal-mines,  a  lime-kiln,  and  several  saw-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Corn'well's,  a  station  in  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Trenton  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  West  Phila- 
delphia. 

Coro,  or  Santa  Afia  de  Coro,  sin'ti  in'yidiko'ro, 
formerly  Venezuela,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the 
Btate  of  Falcon,  on  or  near  the  sea,  155  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Valencia,  and  near  the  isthmus  connecting  Paraguana  with 
the  mainland.     Its  trade  has  declined.     Pop.  8172. 

Corogne,  a  French  name  for  Corcnna. 

Cor'oman'del,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  province  of 
Auckland,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Thiwnes.  It  has 
?old-quartz  mines  and  2  tri-weekly  papers.     Pop.  1174. 

Cor^oman'del  Coast,  in  India,  extends  along  the 
Bide  of  the  peninsula,  through  nearly  six  degrees  of  latitude, 
from  Point  Calymere  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  Kistnah. 
The  cities  of  Madras,  Tranquebar,  and  Pondicherry,  and  the 
towns  of  Sadras,  Cuddalore,  Carrical,  Pulicat,  Nagore,  and 
Negapatam,  are  on  this  coast. 

Coron,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece.     See  Konos. 

Corona,  ko-ro'nfi.,  a  hamlet  of  Northern  Italy,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Verona.  It  is  celebrated  for  a  battle  between  the 
French  and  Austrians,  January  15,  1797. 

Coro'na,  a  mining  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  54 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Corona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Col.,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Fort  Morgan.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Corona,  a  village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  12  miles  by  rail 
from  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Corona,  a  posl-viliage  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Flushing.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  2362. 

Corona,  a  post-village  of  Roberts  co.,  S.l).,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Wilmot.  It  has  a  grain-elevator,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  district  school. 

Corona,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River. 

Corona'ca,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  2 1  miles 
by  rail  S.W,  of  Laurens  Court-House.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Corona'do,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  about 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  chemical-works,  Ac.    Pop.  1000. 

Coronado,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wichita  co.,  Kansas,  5 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Leoti.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Coronata,  ko-ro-ni't&,  an  island  of  Daluiatia,  in  the 
Adriatic,  18  miles  S.  of  Zara.     Length,  15  miles. 

Coronate,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Counate. 

Corona'tion  Gulf,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  British 
North  America,  is  W.  of  Victoria  Land  and  Kent  Penin- 
sula.    Lat.  68°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  W. 

Coronation  Island,  in  the  South  Alantic  Ocean,  is 
in  lat.  60°  32'  S.,  Ion.  46°  52'  W. 

Coronation  Island,  in  Alaska,  is  W.  of  Prince  of 
Wales  Archipelago. 

Coronda,  ko-ron'd&,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Santa 
Fl,  Argentine  Republic,  36  mileg  from  the  city  of  Santa  F6. 


Coronel,  ko-ro-n4l',  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  sea,  proT« 
ince  and  25  miles  S.  of  Concepcion.  Here  are  important 
mines  of  tertiary  coal,  which  is  loaded  upon  steamers  at  the 
pit's  mouth ;  also  large  smelting-works.     Pop.  5658. 

Coronil,  ko-ro-neel',  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  S.E.  of 
Seville,  on  a  crown-shaped  hill  (whence  its  name),  with 
ruins  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  3940. 

Coronium,  the  Latin  name  of  Cordnna. 

Coroora,  or  Corura,  ko-roo'ra,  an  island  in  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  Pelew  group.     Lat.  7°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  135°  E. 

Corozal',  a  town  of  Balize,  at  its  extreme  N.  point,  is 
the  second  town  of  importance  in  the  colony.     Pop.  2000. 

Corpach,  kor'plK,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Loch  Eil,  2i  miles  N.  of  Fort  William, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Caledonian  Canal, 

Corpi  Santi,  kor'pee  sin'tee,  a  suburban  district  near 
Milan,  in  Italy.  Pop.  62,976.  Another  Corpi  Santi  is  near 
Pavia,  in  Italy.     Pop.  4167. 

Corps,  koR,  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  on  the  Drac,  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1176. 

Corps-Nuds,  kon-nild,  a  town  of  France,  in  Illc-et- 
Vilaine,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2176. 

Corpus  Christi,  kor'pus  kris'tee,  a  post-town,  capital 
of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  on  Corpus  Christi  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Nueces  River,  about  140  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio, 
and  200  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Galveston.  It  is  the  terminus  of 
the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass,  and  of  a  branch  of  the 
Mexican  National  Railroads.  It  is  supported  mainly  by 
trade,  and  has  4  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a  convent, 
6  churches,  bottling-works,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,, 
sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  4387. 

Corpus  Christi  Bay,  a  lagoon  in  Texas,  lat.  2T>  30'- 
N.,  Ion.  98°  W.,  forming  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Laguna 
del  Madre,  and  separated  by  Mustang  Island  from  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  with  which  it  communicates  by  Aransas  Pa» 
and  Corpus  Christi  Inlet.     It  receives  the  river  Nueces. 

Corragia,  a  Latin  name  of  Cork. 

Corral  de  Almaguer,  koR-R&l'  dk  kl-mk-ghiR',  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo,  in 
a  fertile  plain  near  the  Rianzares.     Pop.  3460. 

Corral  de  Calatrava,  koR-R&l'  dk  ki-lil-tr&'vi,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  8  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Ciudad 
Real.     Pop.  1720. 

Corrales,  koR-R&'l£s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
52  miles  E.S.E.  of  SeviUe.     Pop.  1834. 

Corralitos,  kor-ril'ee-toce,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Cruz  CO.,  Cal.,  6  miles  N.  of  Watsonville,  and  14  miles  £. 
of  Santa  Cruz.     It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  ilouring-milt. 

CorVal'  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  Middle 
Park,  in  lat.  40°  11'  12"  N.,  Ion.  106°  9'  2"  W.  It  has  ao 
altitude  of  11,333  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Correc'tionville,  a  po.'t- village  of  Woodbury  oo., 
Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cherokee, 
and  32  miles  E.  of  Siou.x  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  marble-  and  granite-works,  Ac.    Pop.  869. 

Cor'regaum',  a  village  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Bombay.  17  miles  N.E.  of  Poonah,  on  the  Beemah. 

Correggio,  koR-nfid'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Modcna,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Reggio.  Pop.  12,094.  It  is  the 
birthplace  (4"  Antonio  Allegri,  known  as  Correggio. 

Correse,koR-Ri'si,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  province 
and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rieti,  near  the  Correse,  on  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Cures. 

Correze,  kou^Raiz'  or  koR*Rfiz',  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  department  of  Correze,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
V6zere  at  Saint-Pantaleon-de-Larches.     Length,  50  miles. 

Correze,  a  department  of  France,  between  the  depart- 
ments of  Creuse,  Haute-Vienne,  Dordogne,  Lot,  Cantal,  and 
Puy-de-Dome,  and  between  lat.  44°  55'  and  45°  40'  N. 
Area,  2218  square  miles.  Surface  hilly.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Dordogne  and  the  V6zdre,  of  which  latter  the  Correze  i» 
an  affiuent.  Soil  poor.  Corn  is  raised  for  exportation,  but 
many  of  the  population  subsist  on  chestnut  flour.  Cattle 
are  reared  for  the  Paris  markets.  Other  chief  product* 
are  timber,  coal,  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  mill-stones.  It  is 
divided  into  the  3  arrondissctiient.s  of  Tulle  (the  capital), 
Brive,  and  Ussel.     Pop.  in  1891,  .328,119. 

Correze,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  CorrSae,  ft 
miles  N.E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1676. 

Corrib,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Corrib. 

Corrientes,  koR-Re-en'tSs,  a  province  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  bounded  N.  by  Paraguay,  E.  by  Brazil,  and  W. 
by  the  river  Parana.  The  Uruguay  washes  its  E.  border. 
Much  of  its  northern  part  is  low  and  marshy.  Leading 
products,  corn,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco,  and  sugar.  Area,  1 
54,000  square  miles.     Capital,  Corrientes.     Pop.  290,000.        1 

Corrientes,  or  San  Juan  de   Corrientes,  ain 


COR 


959 


COR 


* 


BOo-in'  dk  koR-Ree-en'tis,  a  town  and  capital  of  the  above 
province,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Parana,  below  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Paraguay.  Lat.  27"  27'  31"  S. ;  Ion.  58"  46'  W. 
It  has  a  good  trade  in  furs,  hides,  mat^,  cotton,  sugar,  to- 
bacco, wool,  and  timber.     Eatiinated  pop.  18,000. 

Corrievrekin,  Corryvreckan,  kor-re-vr4k'kan,  or 
Corrybrechtan,  kor^re-brfiK'tan,  a  whirlpool  off  the  W. 
eoast  of  Scotland,  between  the  islands  of  Jura  and  Soarba, 
oocasioned  by  the  tide-stream  being  opposed  by  a  pyramidal 
rook  which  rises  within  15  fathoms  of  the  surface. 

Cor'rigan,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  22  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Livingston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  298. 

Cor'riganville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
at  the  junction  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville  Railroad 
with  the  Cumberland  &  Pennsylvania  llailroad  and  the 
extension  of  the  Bedford  &  Bridgeport  Railroad,  4  or  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland.     It  has  a  church. 

Corriskin,  a  Scottish  lake.     Sec  Loch  Corriskin. 

Corrodiinum,  the  Latin  name  for  Cracow. 
orro'iia^  a  hamlet  of  Mississippi. 

Corropoli,  koR-Rop'o-lee,  a  town  of  Italy  province 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3492. 
orry,  Dade  co.,  Mo.     See  Dadkville. 

Cor'ry,  a  city  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  situated  at  the  point 
ere  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  crosses  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Western  New 
York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Erie.  It 
owes  its  rapid  growth  chiefly  to  the  manufacturing  and 
shipping  business.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  national 
banks,  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  high  school,  3 
machine-shops,  several  steam  saw-mills,  cigar-factories, 
oil-supply  works,  chair-  and  furnituro-faetorie?.  a  broom- 
factory,  3  tanneries,  a  boiler-shop,  a  patent-meaicine  fac- 
tory, a  bed-spring  factory,  3  manufactories  of  snsh  and 
doors,  and  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  offices.  The 
first  house  was  built  here  about  1860.    Pop.  in  1890,  5677. 

"orrybrechtan,  or  Corryvrechan.    See  Corrik- 

KIN. 

orrytowii.  New  York.     See  Flat  Creek 

orse^  the  French  name  of  Corsica. 

orseae,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Fourki  Islands. 

orseni,  koR^sul'  (anc.  Fa'nnm  Mar'tis),  a  village  of 
Prance,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  26  miles  E.  of  Saint-Brieuc,  with 

erous  Roman  remains.     Pop.  282  ;  of  commune,  3247. 

orse'wall  Point,  a  headland  of  Scotland,  on  its 
coast,  CO.  of  Wigtown,  12  miles  N.  of  Port  Patrick, 
Fith  a  light-house.     Lat.  55°  1'  N.;  Ion.  5°  9'  W. 

Corsica,  kor'se-ka  (anc.  Cyr'noi,  afterwards  Oor'aica; 
Fr.  Corse,  koRs),  an  island  of  a  somewhat  irregular  but 
oompact  shape,  in  the  Mediterranean,  situated  between  lat. 
41°  20'  and  43°  N.  and  Ion.  8°  30'  and  9°  30'  E.,  separated 
S.  from  Sardinia  by  the  Strait  of  Bonifacio,  10  miles  wide. 
Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  110  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
53  miles ;  area,  3377  square  miles.  The  E.  coast  is  remark- 
able for  its  uniformity,  but  the  W.  coast  presents  a  striking 
eontrast,  a  number  of  deep  bays  following  one  another  in 
rapid  succession.  Of  these,  the  most  important,  proceeding 
from  N.  to  S.,  are  the  Gulfs  of  Santo  Fiorenzo,  Calvi,  Porto, 
Liscia,  Ajaccio,  and  Valinco.  The  interior  is  traversed  by 
a  mountain -chain,  the  culminating  ])oint,  Monte  Cinto, 
having  a  height  of  8889  feet,  while  several  of  the  other  sum- 
mits exceed  8000  feet  and  for  the  greater  part  of  the  year 
are  covered  with  snow.  From  both  sides  of  the  chain 
numerous  streams  descend.  The  heat  is  sometimes  excess- 
ive, but  the  sky  is  generally  clear,  and  the  air  bracing. 
Owing  to  the  mountainous  nature  of  the  surface,  the  greater 
part  of  it  remains  in  a  state  of  nature,  covered  with  prime- 
val forests.  Numerous  valleys,  however.  He  between  the 
lofty  ridges,  and  plains  of  considerable  extent  occur,  the 
soil  of  which  is  generally  fertile  and  well  adapted  for  the 
growth  of  the  cereals.  Rearing  live-stock  is  the  chief  branch 
of  industry ;  next  to  cattle,  the  chief  products  are  timber, 
honey,  wax,  olive  oil,  wheat,  grapes,  chestnuts,  figs,  Ac. 
The  prevailing  rocks  are  granite,  gneiss,  mica-slate,  por- 
phyry, and  serpentine.  Corsica  is  rich  in  minerals,  among 
which  are  antimony,  copper,  and  lead.  Manufactures  are 
nearly  limited  to  the  production  of  coarse  woollens,  hard- 
wares, leather,  and  wine. 

From  the  Phoenicians,  its  first  colonists,  the  island  took 
the  name  of  Cyrnos,  and  from  the  Romans  that  of  Corsica. 
•On  the  decline  of  the  Roman  Empire  it  was  seized  by  the 
Gh)ths,  and  passed  from  them  to  the  Saracens.  In  1481  it 
fell  under  the  dominion  of  the  Genoese,  who  retained  it  till 
1755,  when  a  great  part  of  it  was  wrested  from  them  by  the 
patriot  General  Paoli,  It  was  ceded  to  France  by  the  Gen- 
oese in  1768,  and  now  forms  a  department  of  that  country. 


Paoli  and  Napoleon  were  bom  in  the  island.  Capital, 
Ajaccio.  Pop.  in  1891,  288,696,  mostly  of  Italian  descent 
Adj.  and  infaab.  Corsican,  kor'se-kan. 

Corsica,  kor'se-ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  id 
North  Bloomfield  township,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Qalion.  It 
has  several  churches. 

Corsica,  a  post-borough  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  abont  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Brookvillo. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  wagons.     Pop.  372. 

Corsicana,  kor^se-kah'na,  a  post-village  of  Barry  oo.. 
Mo.,  in  Shoal  Creek  township,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Carthage, 
and  10  miles  S.  of  Pierce  City.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Cor- 
sicana Institute,  a  woollen-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  flouring-mill. 

Corsicana,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  53  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas, 
and  211  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  conrt-house, 
8  churches,  3  banks,  several  seminaries,  and  a  Catholic 
academy.  Two  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  62S5. 

Corsico,  koR'se-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  4i  miles  S.W. 
of  Milan.     It  is  the  depot  for  Parmesan  cheese.     Pop.  1620. 

Cors'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Warminster.     Pop.  of  parish,  1196. 

Cor'so,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Cor'so,  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  about 
8  miles  long.     Lat.  49°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  75°  34'  W. 

Corsoer,  or  Korsor,  koR'sor^  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
Seeland,  on  the  Great  Belt,  opposite  Nyborg,  with  an  old 
castle  and  a  port.  It  communicates  by  railway  with  Copen- 
hagen.    Pop.  3759. 

Cor'son's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Germantown  k  Norristown  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  £.  of  Conshohocken. 

Cortachy,  kor't&-Kee\  and  Clo'va,  two  conjoined 
parishes  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  the  village  of  Cortachy 
being  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Forfar.  They  comprise  a  very  pic- 
turesque portion  of  the  Grampians.     Pop.  554. 

Cortaillod,  koRHih^yo',  or  koR'tih^yod',  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Neufcha,tel.     Pop.  1184. 

Cortale,  kon-ti'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  4266. 

Corte,  koRt  or  koRHi',  a  town  of  Corsica,  near  its  centre, 
31  miles  S.W.  of  Bastia.  Pop.  4835.  It  is  defended  by  a 
strong  castle,  and  has  a  polytechnic  school,  a  hospital,  and 
trade  in  com  and  wine.     Near  it  are  quarries  of  marble. 

Corte  d'Argis,  Roumania.     See  Kookta  Arqish. 

Corte  del  Palasio,  koR'ti  dfil  pi-li'se-o,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1796. 

Cortegana,  koR-t&-g&.'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop,  3369. 

Corte  Madera,  kor'ti  mi-di'i-i,  a  post-office  and  sta- 
tion in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Cortemaggiore,  koR^ti-mid-jo'ri  (anc.  Cas'trum 
Laii'rit  or  Cu'ria  Ma'jorf),  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Larda,     Pop.  4736. 

Cortemarcq,  or  Kortemark,  koR-ti-mank',  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Bruges.    It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics.  Pop.  4260. 

Cortemiglia,  koR-ti-med'yA,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  province  of  Coni,  on  the  Bormida,  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3225. 

Corte-Olona,  kon'ti-o-lo'ni,  a  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Olona.     Pop.  2083. 

Corterate,  the  ancient  name  of  Coutras. 

Cortes,  koR'tis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  12  milea 
S.E.  of  Tudela,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1107. 

Cortes  de  Arenoso,  koR't£s  d&  i-ri-no'so,  a  town 
of  Spain,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.    Pou.  900. 

Cortes  de  la  Frontera,  koR'tds  Hk  1&  fron-ti'ri,  a 
town  of  Spain,  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  leather.     Pop.  4330. 

Cortes  de  la  Frontera,  koR'tis  di  1&  fron-ti'dL,  « 
bay  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba. 

Cortetz,  koR-tits',  or  Cortitz,  koii-tite',  an  island 
of  Russia,  government  and  39  miles  S.  of  Yekaterinoslav, 
formed  by  the  Dnieper.  It  stands  165  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  river,  and  is  almost  impregnable.  It  was  the  sit4 
of  the  celebrated  Setcha  of  the  Zaporog  Cossacks,  and  on 
their  removal,  in  1784,  by  Catherine  II.,  it  was  settled  \>J 
a  colony  of  German  Mennonites. 

Cor'tez,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Montesuma  co..  Col.,  44 
miles  (direct)  W.  of  Durango.  It  has  2  church  organisa- 
tions, a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  roller-miil,  saw-miUK 
and  a  public  sohooi.     Pop.  in  1890,  332.  -  ^< 


COR 


960 


COR! 


Cortlaud,  kort'land,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Otselic  and  Tioghnioga  Rivers.  The  sur- 
fiMse  is  undulating  or  moderately  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Butter,  cheese,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  maple 
sugar  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  and 
by  a  branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad.  It  has  quarries  of 
good  limestone  and  sandstone.  Capital,  Cortland.  Pop.  in 
1870,  25,173:  in  1880,  25,825;  in  1890,  28,657. 

Cortland,  Alabama,  California,  Illinois,  Kansas,  Mich- 
igan,   Minnesota,    Mississippi,  Virginia,    and   Wisconsin. 

See  CODRTLAND. 

Cortland,  or  Conrtland,  kSrt'land,  a  post-Tillage  of 
Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Seymour.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  high  school,  and  2 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cortland,  a  post-village  of  Gage  oo.,  Neb.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper ofBce,  a  creamery,  lumber-mills,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  harvesting-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  509. 

Cortland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Tioughnioga  River,  and  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  and  the  El- 
mira,  Cortland  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Binghamton.  It  contains  9 
churches,  3  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an  academy,  a 
state  normal  and  training  school,  3  newspaper  ofiBoes,  stove- 
works,  wire-drawing  and  wire-weaving  works,  furniture- 
and  cabinet-works,  a  scale-factory,  railroad  repair-shops, 
a  box-,  loop-,  and  harness-factory,  an  omnibus-factory,  a 
corset-factory,  a  desk-factory,  a  forging-factory,  and  wagon- 
and  buggy-works.     Pop.  in  1880,  4050;  in  1890,  8590. 

Cortland,  formerly  Ba'consburg,  a  post-village  of 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Bazetta  township,  on  the  Atlantic  & 
Great  Western  Railroad,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Akron,  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Warren.  It  contains  4  churches,  the  Cort- 
land Academic  Institute,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  697 ;  of  the  township,  1298. 

Cortlana  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich., 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Cortland  on  Hudson,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River. 

Cort'landt,  a  township  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
bounded  W.  by  the  river  Hudson.  Pop.  (including  Peeks- 
kill  and  other  villages)  11,970. 

Cortland  Village,  New  York.     See  Cobtland. 

Cort'landville,  a  township  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
6140.     It  includes  Cortland  and  McGrawville. 

Cortona,  koR-to'ni  (anc.  Cor'ytxtm,  or  Cor'ythit9,  after- 
wards Coro'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  in  ancient 
times  one  of  the  12  principal  cities  of  Etruria,  province  and 
73  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Florence,  on  a  hill  facing  the  Lake 
of  Perugia.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  suburbs,  3973.  Around  the 
city,  and  in  its  numerous  museums,  are  a  great  variety  of 
Etruscan  and  Roman  antiquities.  It  has  a  cathedral  of 
the  tenth  century,  which,  like  many  of  its  other  churches, 
contains  fine  works  of  art;  also  a  castle  built  by  the  Medici, 
a  famous  academy  of  sciences,  founded  in  1726,  a  theatre, 
and  trade  in  wine  and  olives.  Its  oyolopean  walls,  supposed 
to  have  been  erected  3000  years  ago,  remain  perfect  in  two- 
thirds  of  their  extent.     Cortona  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Cortoriacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Courtrai. 

Corts'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  i  mile  from 
Selma  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Coruche,  ko-roo'shi,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo, 
50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3352. 

Corun'na  (Sp.  Corufla,  ko-roon'yi;  Fr.  Corogne,  or 
La  Corogne,  1&  ko^rofi' ;  L.  Coro'nium  f),  a  fortified  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Atlantic,  320  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  43°  22'  5" 
N.;  Ion.  8°  22'  7"  W.  It  stonds  on  the  E.  side  of  a  small 
peninsula,  and  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  the 
former  having  the  citadel,  and  the  latter  containing  the 
theatre,  custom-house,  reading-room,  palace  of  the  captain- 
general,  court-house,  arsenal,  and  barracks.  Its  harbor  is 
safe,  and  defended  on  the  E.  by  Fort  San  Diego  and  W.  by 
Fort  San  Antonio.  North  of  it  is  the  tower  of  Hercules,  a 
light-house  on  a  Roman  foundation.     A  great  part  of  its 

fopulation  is  employed  in  the  herring-  and  pilchard-fishery, 
t  has  2  glass-factories,  2  cotton -factories,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  goods,  hats,  cordage,  canvas,  and  cigars.  Some 
ihip-building  is  carried  on,  and  it  has  a  school  of  naviga- 
tion. Railways  extend  hence  into  the  interior.  Pop.  29,823. 
Corunna  (Sp.  Gomfla),  the  northwesternmost  province 
>f  Spain,  in  Galioia,  bounded  W.  and  N.  by  the  sea.  Area, 
?065  square  miles^    It  is  generally  mountainous.     Chief 


towns,  Corunna  (the  capital),  Ferrol,  Santiago,  and  Betan- 
Z06.     Pop.  in  1884,  616,043. 

Corun'na,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen, 
It  has  2  churches,  2  carriage-shops,  and  several  stores.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Corunna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shiawassee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  3  miles  E.  of 
Owosso,  and  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  court- 
house,  a  union  school,  a  national  bank,  2  iron-foundries,  7 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  and  brick  and  tile  in 
large  quantities.  Coal  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1382. 

Corun'na,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  7  miles  S.  of  Sarnia.     Pop.  200. 

Corura,  an  island  in  the  Pelew  group.    See  Coroora. 

Corval'lis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana,  on 
the  Bitter  Root  River,  near  a  range  of  high  mountains, 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Missoula.     It  has  a  church. 

Corvaliis,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus,  capital 
of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  left  (W.)  bank  of  the  Willa- 
mette River,  97  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It 
contains  the  State  Agricultural  College,  founded  in  1868, 
the  Corvaliis  College  (Methodist  Episcopal  South),  publie 
schools,  2  banks,  a  cracker-factory,  a  canning-factory,  sash- 
and  door-factories,  a  foundry,  2  saw-mills,  2  flour-mills,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  8  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1527. 

Corvo,  koR'vo,  the  northernmost  and  smallest  of  th« 
Azores  Islands,  about  6  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  Lat. 
39°  41'  N.  It  is  fertile,  and  the  climate  is  delicious.  Pop. 
1000;  of  its  chief  town,  Corvo,  883. 

Cor'wen,  a  town  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Merioneth  and  Den- 
bigh, on  the  Dee,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bala.     Pop.  of  parish,  2646. 

Cor'win,  a  station  in  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis, 
ville.  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Craw, 
fordsville. 

Corwin,  a  township  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  232.  li 
contains  Ida  Grove,  the  county  seat. 

Corwin  (Waynesville  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  in  Wayne  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and 
on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  51  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  i  mile  from  Waynesville.     Pop.  135. 

Cor^wine',  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.  Pop.  1069.  It 
contains  Middletown. 

Cor'with,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Corwith,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa.  25  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Forest  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  334. 

Co'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati 
A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Corycian  (ko-rish'e-an)  Cave,  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  is  a 
fine  stalactitio  cavern  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Parnassus, 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Salona. 

Corydon,  kfir'I-dgn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Indian  Creek,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Albany, 
was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  state.  It  has  4  churches, 
several  mills,  2  quarries  of  valuable  stone,  a  furniture  fac- 
tory, and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Corydon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Corydon  township,  about  65  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Des  Moines, 
and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  3  banks,  5  churches,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  a  cigar-factory,  ^nd  2 
carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  962. 

Corydon,  a  post- village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Henderson.     It  has  7  churches.     Pop.  777. 

Corydon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Warren.  ItbM 
a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop. 
about  300  ;  of  the  township,  527. 

Co^ryell',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Leon 
River  and  Cowhouse  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Gatesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4124;  in  1880, 
10,924;  in  1890,  16,873. 

Coryell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  30  miki 
W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Corytum,  or  Corythus.    See  Cortona.  ■ 

Co'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  th»  I 
Alleghany  River,  about  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Em-  « 
porium.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-milL 


I 


COK 


961 


COS 


Corzola^  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.  See  Curzola. 
I  Cos*  Kos,  kfts,  or  Stanchio,  st&n'ke-o,  an  island  of 
I  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the  Mediterranean,  21  miles  long  and  5 
I  miles  in  breadth.  A  lofty  mountain-range  rises  on  the  S. 
I  eoast ;  the  rest  of  the  island  is  a  beautiful  and  fertile  plain, 
I  with  a  delightful  climate.  Produce,  corn,  cotton,  silk,  raisins, 

melons,  sesame,  wines,  fruit,  and  formerly  flocks  of  sheep. 
'  Cos,  the  only  town  in  the  island,  is  beautifully  situated,  and 

its  port  is  much  frequented  by  merchant-vessels.    In  ancient 

times  the  island  was  celebrated  for  a  temple  to  ^sculapius. 

Cos  was  the  birthplace  of  Hippocrates,  Apelles  the  painter, 

and  Ariston  the  philosopher.     Pop.  10,400. Adj.  and 

inbab.  Coan,  ko'an.     See  Gulp  of  Cos. 
Cosala^  ko-si'l&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Cinaloa,  80 

miles  N.E.  of  Mazatlan.     Pop.  6000, 

Cos'by^  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooke  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
t)  S.  by  W.  of  Newport.    It  has  2  churches.     P.  100. 

_  yoscile^  ko-shee'li,  or  Sibari,  see'bi-re  (ano.  Syb'- 

!««■«),•  a  river  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  after  an  E. 

course  of  about  20  miles  joins  the  Crati,  4  miles  from  the 

Qulf  of  Taranto,  and  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Syharit. 
Cos  Cob)  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  30  miles  from 

New  York,  on  the  New  York  A  New  Haven  Railroad,  at  the 

Tillage  of  Batport. 
Cosel)  Silesia.    See  Eosel. 
Cosenza^  ko-sSn'zi  (anc.  Conaen'tia),  a  city  of  Italy, 

capital  of  the  province  of  Cosenza,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
I   rivers  Crati  and  Busento,  12  miles  E.  of  the  Mediterranean, 

and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Rossano.  Pop.  15,962.  It  is  enclosed 
I  by  walls,  and  has  an  old  castle,  a  fine  court-house,  a  oathe- 
I  dral,  a  seminary,  college,  theatre,  large  foundling  asylum, 
I  academies  of  science  and  literature,  manufactures  of  earth- 
I   enware  and  cutlery,  and  an  active  trade  in  silk,  rice,  wine, 

manna,  flax,  &o.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  has  many 
I  fine  palaces.  Cosentia  was  anciently  the  capital  of  the 
I   Bruttii.     It  submitted  to  the  Romans,  and  was  taken  by 

Hannibal,  from  whom  the  Romans  recaptured  it.  It  was 
:  sacked  by  the  Saracens,  who  were  expelled  in  turn  by  the 
i    Northmen,  who,  having  founded  the  kingdom  of  the  Two 

J  Sicilies  in  1130,  made  Cosenza  the  capital  of  Calabria  Citra. 
■Cosenza,  formerly  Calabria  Citra,  ka,-l&'br9-& 
Ke'tri,  a  province  of  Southern  Italy,  having  the  sea  on 
are  E.  and  W.  Area,  2841  square  miles.  Capital,  Cosenza. 
Pop.  440,468. 
_Cdsfeld,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Kosfeld. 
■Coshocton,  ko-shSk'tpn,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
■tt  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is 
trained  by  the  Muskingum  River  and  its  branches  the  Mo- 
lican  and  Tuscarawas  Rivers,  which  unite  near  the  middle 
■)f  the  county,  also  by  Killbuck  and  Wills  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  undulating  and  partly  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
A,bout  one-third  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  wool,  butter,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  iron 
'ire,  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Coshocton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,600;  in  1880,  26,642;  in  1890,  26,703. 

Coshocton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coshocton  co.,  0., 
■Ml  the  Muskingum  River,  at  the  confluence  of  its  branches 
the  Walhonding  and  Tuscarawas,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  A 
Canton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  69  miles  E.N.E 
of  Columbus,  and  about  26  miles  N.  of  Zanesville  Two 
bridges  cross  the  rivers  and  connect  Coshocton  wita  Rosooe. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  union  school,  a 
flour-mill,  2  banks,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  axles 
and  steel  springs.  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3672. 

Cosi,Kosi,  ko'see,  Kusi,  Koose,koo'see,  or  Koo> 
sa,  koo'si  (Hind.  Kausiki),  a  river  of  India,  a  tributary  of 
the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  in  Bengal,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Pumeah,  after  a  southward  course  estimated  at  300  miles. 
It  is  very  liable  to  inundation,  and  at  all  seasons  it  is  navi- 
gable by  boats  as  high  as  some  rapids  at  its  exit  from  the 
bills  of  Nepaul.  Its  course  shifts  in  a  remarkable  manner, 
and  its  navigation  is  always  diflScult. 

Cosiguina,  a  volcano  in  Nicaragua.     See  Conseguika. 

Cosihuiriachi,  ko-se-we-re-i'chee,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Chihuahua.     Lat.  28"  12'  N.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Cosilinnm,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cooliano. 

CJttsIin,  Coeslin,  or  Koslin,  kos-leen',  a  town  of 
Prassia,  in  Pomerania,  on  a  railway,  7  miles  from  the  Baltic. 
Lat.  64°  12'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  16°  10'  E.  Pop.  14,814.  It  was 
burnt  in  1718,  and  rebuilt  by  Frederick  William  I.,  whose 
statue  adorns  the  market-place.  It  has  a  provincial  society 
of  arts,  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  dye-works,  and  man- 
afaotures  of  soap,  tobacco,  ribbons,  woollen  stuffs,  hosiery, 


and  leather.  On  the  Ellenberg,  a  hill  near  it,  is  a  monu- 
ment to  the  Pomeranians  who  fell  in  the  war  of  1813. 

Cosmoledo  (kos-mo-l&'do)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  at  the  N.E.  entrance  to  the  Mozambique 
Channel,  about  lat.  9°  40'  S.,  Ion.  47°  42'  E.  This  group 
consists  of  a  ring  of  coral  about  30  miles  in  circumference, 
enclosing  a  magnificent  lagoon,  into  which  there  is  no  ap- 
parent entrance. 

Cos'mos,  a  post-township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.     P.  84. 

Cosne,  kone  (ano.  Conda'te),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ni&vre,  on  the  Loire,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Nevers. 
Pop.  5711,  who  forge  anchors  and  heavy  iron-work  and 
manufacture  hardware  and  cutlery,  in  all  of  which  the  town 
has  an  active  trade. 

Cosniczowice,  Prussia.    See  Kieferstadtl. 

Cos^poor',  or  Khaspur,  K&s^poor',  a  town  of  Caobar, 
in  India,  on  an  afi[luent  of  the  Brahmapootra,  60  miles  E. 
of  Sylhet. 

Cossacks,  kos'saks  (Country  of  the  Don)  (Russ. 
Zemlia  Boiska  Don  Skago,  z4m'le-i  bois'ki  don  sk&'go),  a 
vast  plain,  forming  a  government  of  Southern  Russia,  trav- 
ersed by  the  river  Don,  and  bounded  N.  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Saratov,  S.  by  the  Caucasus  and  Chernomorsk,  E. 
by  Astrakhan,  and  W.  by  Voronezh  and  Yekaterinoslav 
Capital,  Cherkask.  Area,  61,911  square  miles.  Pop.  1,086,264. 
The  territory  is  fertile,  but  ill  cultivated.  Chief  industries, 
agriculture,  fishing,  and  cattle-rearing.  Though  the  people 
possess  several  characteristics  by  which  they  are  easily  dis- 
tinguished, they  do  not  appear  to  have  sprung  from  one 
original  stock.  They  bear  a  close  resemblance  to  the  Rus- 
sians, but  are  of  a  more  slender  make,  and  their  features  are 
decidedly  more  handsome  and  expressive.  They  have  a 
quick,  keen  eye,  and  an  ear  which  is  ever  on  the  alert,  and 
are  active,  spirited,  and  brave.  Education  has  made  some 
progress  among  them,  and  their  old  capital,  Staroi-Cherkask, 
contains  a  gymnasium.  Their  language  is  a  mixture  of 
Russian,  Polish,  and  Turkish ;  their  religion  that  of  the 
Greek  Church,  to  which  they  are  strongly  attached.  The 
martial  tendencies  of  the  Cossacks  are  very  decided,  and 
have  from  time  immemorial  formed  their  distinguishing 
feature.  The  whole  structure  of  society  among  them  is 
military.  Originally  their  government  formed  a  kind  of 
democracy,  at  the  head  of  which  was  a  chief,  or  hetman,  of 
their  own  choice,  while  under  him  was  a  long  series  of  of- 
ficers with  jurisdictions  of  greater  or  less  extent,  partly 
civil  and  partly  military,  all  so  arranged  as  to  be  able  on 
any  emergency  to  furnish  the  largest  military  array  on  the 
shortest  notice.  The  democratical  part  of  the  constitution 
has  largely  disappeared  under  Russian  domination.  The 
title  of  chief  hetman  is  now  vested  in  the  heir-apparent  to 
the  throne,  and  all  the  subordinate  hetmans  and  other  oflS- 
cers  are  appointed  by  the  crown.  Care,  however,  has  been 
taken  not  to  interfere  with  any  arrangements  which  fos- 
tered the  military  spirit  of  the  Cossacks ;  and  hence  all  the 
subdivisions  of  the  population  into  sections,  with  military 
heads,  and  of  the  villages  into  stanitza,  still  remain. 
Throughout  the  empire,  wherever  particular  alacrity,  vigi- 
lance, and  rapidity  of  movement  are  required,  the  qualities 
by  which  the  Cossack  is  distinguished  mark  him  out  for 
employment.  He  is  almost  always  on  horseback,  and  is  ir 
his  element  when  scouring  the  open  fields.  Besides  th» 
Cossacks  of  the  Don,  there  are  Cossacks  of  the  Azof,  Black 
Sea,  Caucasus,  Ac,  their  military  colonies  extending  along 
the  Russian  frontiers  to  the  Pacific. 

Cossato,  kos-s&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2766. 

Coss'atot  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co..  Ark. 

Coss'atot  (or  Coss'itot)  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in 
Polk  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Sevier  co.,  and  enters 
Little  River  about  6  miles  S.  of  Paraclifta. 

Cosseir,  a  seaport  town  of  Egypt.     See  Kosseir. 

Cosse-le-Vivien,  koss-l^h-veeVe-in"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Laval,  on  the  Oudon. 
It  has  oil-mills,  flour-mills,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  3372. 

Cossila,  kos-see'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
province  of  Novara,  on  the  Oropa.     Pop.  2485. 

Cos^simbazar'  (native,  Katimhazar),  a  former  city 
of  India,  1  mile  S.  of  Moorshedabad.  In  1813  the  river 
Bhagirathi  (which  up  to  that  time  flowed  by  the  place)  took 
a  new  channel,  3  miles  distant,  and  the  town  is  now  de- 
serted. It  figures  prominently  in  the  history  of  the  English 
power  in  Bengal,  and  was  once  famous  for  its  cotton-weaving 
and  its  large  trade. 

Cos^simcot'ta,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vizagapatain. 

Cos^sipoor',  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Bengal,  64 
miles  N.  of  Bareilly.     It  is  a  plaoe  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 


vw 


962 


COT 


with  numerous  temples,  and  an  active  trade  with  North- 
western Hindostan.    Pop.  15,000. 

CoBsiuni)  an  ancient  name  of  Bazas. 

Cossonay,  or  Cossonex,  kos^so^ni',  a  town  of  Swit- 
eerland,  in  Vaud,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  946. 

Cos'syah  (or  Khasia)and  Jyn'teah  (Jayautiya) 
Hills,  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Assam,  in  the  hill 
country,  having  Assam  proper  on  the  N.,  and  Sylhet,  Ac,  on 
the  S. ;  named  from  its  two  principal  tribes  of  hill-men.  It 
is  a  jungle  region.  Area,  6157  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1872, 
141,838. 

Cossyra,  an  island.    See  Pantellaria. 

Costa,  kos'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Rovigo,  on  the  Adigetto.     Pop.  2470. 

Costambone,  Asia  Minor.    See  Kastamoonek. 

Costa  Rica,kos'ti  ree'ki  (i.e.,  "rich  coact"),  the  most 
southern  republic  of  Central  America,  bounded  N.  by  Nica- 
ragua, from  which  it  is  partly  sejjarated  by  the  river  San 
Juan,  N.E.  by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  S.  by  Panama,  a  state  of 
Colombia,  from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  the  river 
Escudo  and  partly  by  the  Cordillera  de  Cabecares,  and  S. 
and  W.  by  the  Pacific;  between  lat.  8°  and  11°  30'  N.,  Ion. 
82°  and  86°  W.  Area,  21,495  square  miles.  The  country 
is  intersected  diagonally  by  the  primary  range  of  the  Isth- 
mus, which  throws  off  numerous  spurs  on  either  side,  giving 
a  continued  alternation  of  abrupt  heights  and  sudden  de- 
pressions. The  principal  range  contains  several  lofty  emi- 
nences and  volcanoes,  both  active  and  extinct  or  dormant, 
including  those  of  Orosi,  Votes,  and  Cartago,  from  the  sum- 
mit of  the  last  of  which  both  the  Pacific  and  the  Atlantic 
can  be  distinctly  seen.  The  N.W.  districts  are  more  rugged 
and  mountainous  than  the  S.W.,  but  along  the  coast  of  the 
Pacific,  especially  around  the  Bay  of  Nicoya,  the  country 
has  a  beautiful  and  picturesque  appearance,  being  diversi- 
fiedby  valleys  and  intersected  by  numerous  streams.  Costa 
Rica  contains  some  rich  gold-mines,  which  are  still  worked. 
Silver  and  copper,  with  zinc,  nickel,  iron,  lead,  and  coal, 
are  also  found  here.  In  all  parts  of  the  republic,  with  the 
exception  of  the  sea-coasts,  the  climate  is  mild  and  tem- 
perate, never  subject  to  excessive  heats  or  colds,  and  rarely 
experiencing  any  other  vicissitudes  than  those  from  the 
dry  to  the  rainy  season.  It  is  therefore  extremely  well 
adapted  to  agricultural  purposes,  and  capable  of  bring- 
ing to  maturity  many  European  plants,  as  well  as  most 
of  those  peculiar  to  the  tropics.  The  soil  is  remarkably 
fertile,  especially  on  the  table-lands  and  in  the  valleys  be- 
tween the  mountains.  Among  its  agricultural  productions 
are  coffee,  cacao,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  sugar,  and  a  little 
wheat.  The  birds  include  vultures,  pelicans,  parrots,  pigeons, 
ducks,  quails,  and  teal. 

The  woods  of  Costa  Rica  are  valuable,  comprising  ma- 
hogany, ebony,  india-rubber.  Brazil-wood,  oak,  cedar,  and 
various  other  kinds  of  timber;  and  on  the  sea-coast  of 
Nicoya  some  pearls  and  Large  quantities  of  mother-of- 
pearl  shells  are  found.  Coffee,  however,  forms  the  most 
important  product  of  the  state.  Tobacco  is  a  government 
monopoly,  though  some  of  it  finds  its  way  to  market.  The 
other  exports  are  gold,  bananas,  hides,  skins,  cocoa,  dye- 
woods,  sugar,  &c.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  manu- 
factured goods.  The  two  ports  of  entry  are  Puntas  Arenas, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya,  and  Limon,  on  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

The  government  of  Costa  Rica  was  established  in  1823,  and 
is  accounted  the  best  and  most  liberal  in  Central  America. 
It  has  a  representative  legislature,  and  the  executive  is  in- 
trusted to  a  supreme  chief.  The  religion  is  Roman  Catholic, 
The  inhabitants  are  industrious  and  orderly.  They  were 
formerly  subjected  to  great  poverty,  and  it  is  only  of  late 
years,  and  since  the  cultivation  of  coffee  on  an  extensive 
scale  began,  that  they  have  attained  to  anything  like  pros- 
perity. The  total  length  of  railroads  in  Costa  Rica  is  161^ 
miles.  There  is  a  university  at  San  Jos6.  Costa  Rica  is 
divided  into  5  provinces  and  2  districts.  Capital,  San  Jos6. 
Pop.  (official  estimate,  1890)  238,782. 

Costel'lo,  a  post-village  of  Potter  CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Keating.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Cos'ten,  a  station  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Wor- 
cester &  Somerset  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Newtown. 

Costenbader's  Mills,  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.  See 
Potomac  Mills. 

Costiansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kostiansk. 

Cos'tigan,  a  station  in  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the  E, 
bank  of  the  Penobscot,  and  on  the  European  &  North 
American  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Costigliole  d'Asti,  kos-teel-yo'lS,  d&s'tee,  a  town  of 
Ital^,  in  Piedmont,  prqmPfl.of  AA«98»nd«^,8>Jafil»a,8.  pf 
Asti.     Pop.  5647.       to  TO«i({  a  «i  H     .^ttsiitJi  io  ,Yi  miiw. 


Costigliole  di  Saluzzo,  kos-teel-yo'l4  dee  si-loot'so, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Coni,  6  miles  S. 
of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2869.  > 

Costilla,  kos-tee'yi,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Co1». 
rado,  has  an  area  of  about  1 720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Culebra  and  Costilla  Rivers.  It  comprises  a  large 
portion  of  the  fertile  San  Luis  Park.  The  N.  part  is  occu- 
pied by  a  high  range  called  Sierra  Blanca.  The  mountains 
produce  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  valley  of 
the  Rio  Grande  has  a  fertile  soil,  which  when  irrigated  wil) 
produce  good  crops  of  wheat  and  other  grain.  A  large  part 
of  this  county  is  a  grassy  open  plain  or  table-land,  which 
is  about  7000  feet  above  the  sea  and  is  adapted  to  pastoral 
pursuits.  Wool  and  wheat  are  among  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  San  Luis.  The  liighest  mountain  in  this  county 
is  Blanca  Peak,  14,464  feet  high.  Pop.  in  1770,  1779;  in 
1880,  2879;  in  1890,  349L 

Costilla,  a  post-office  of  Taos  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Costilla,  or  Rio  Costilla,  ree'o  kos-tee'y&,  a  small 
river  which  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Mexico,  runs  N.W. 
into  Colorado,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  near  lat.  37°  N. 

Costilla  Peak,  New  Mexico,  a  granitic  mountain  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  has  an  altitude  of  12,634  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Cosum'ne,  a  post -hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Cosumne  township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  store.  The  fcjwnship  is  drained  by  the  Cosumne 
River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  694. 

Cosumne  River,  California,  rises  in  El  Dorado  co.,' 
near  the  Sierra  Nevada,  runs  southwestward  through  Sao* 
ramento  co.,  and  enters  the  Mokelumne  River  about  25 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Sacramento.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Co^sum'nes,  township.  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  642. 

Coswig,  kos'^ia,  or  Koswigk,  kos'^ik,  a  town  of 
Germany,  duchy  of  Anhalt,  on  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  railway^ 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  4013. 

Cotabambas,  ko-td,-b&m'b&s,  a  province  of  Peru,  de> 
partmcnt  of  Apurimac,  between  the  Apurimac  and  Pachu- 
caca ;  intersected  from  S.  to  N.  by  the  Oropesa,  an  affluent 
of  the  Apurimac.  It  is  78  miles  long,  and  50  miles  broad, 
and  is  almost  entirely  covered  with  mountains,  which  are 
clad  with  snow  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

Cotaringin,  a  river  of  Borneo.    See  Kotta-Warinoik. 

Cotate  (ko-taif)  Ranch,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Santa  Rosa. 

Cotatis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kootaim. 

Coteau  des  Prairies,  ko'to'  di  priVee',  an  ele>»> 
vated  region  or  swell  in  the  prairies  of  Dakota,  separating 
the  basin  of  the  Mississippi  from  that  of  the  Missouri.  It 
commences  about  the  parallel  of  46°  N.  lat.  and  between 
the  meridians  of  98°  and  99°  W.  Ion.,  and  extends  S.S.E. 
200  miles  to  the  head  of  the  Blue  Earth  River,  where  it 
gradually  falls  to  the  level  of  the  surrounding  country. 

Coteau  du  Lac,  koHo'  dii  l&k,  or  Saint  Ignace, 
s&Nt  een^y&s',  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  36i  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  300. 

Coteau  Landing,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of 
Soulanges,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  from  Coteaa 
Station.  It  contains  9  stores  and  3  hotels,  and  is  the  chief 
grain-shipping  port  of  the  county.     Pop.  600. 

Coteau  Saint  Augustin,  koHo'  s&Nt  o^giisH&n*',  » 
village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  a  western  suburb  of  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  several  factories,  among  others  a  rolling- 
mill,  a  glass-factory,  and  a  large  tannery.  Pop.  5000.  See 
Tannery  West. 

Coteau  Saint  Louis,  Quebec.    See  Mile  End. 

Coteau  Saint  Pierre,  ko'to'  s&n"  pe-ain',  a  village 
at  the  west  end  of  Mount  Roval,  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec, 
4  miles  from  Montreal  Post-Office.     Pop.  2000. 

Co'teau  Si'ding,  a  station  in  Deuel  co..  South  Da- 
kota, on  the  Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroad,  306  miles  W.  of 
Winona,  and  near  the  Coteau  Lakes. 

Coteau  Station,  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Montreal.     It  contains  several  stores  ■and  hotels.    Pop.  200. 

Cote  Blanche,  kot  bl&Nsh,  a  bay  in  the  S.  part  of 
Louisiana,  washes  the  S.W.  border  of  St.  Mary's  parish, 
communicating  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  S.  and  with 
Vermilion  Bay  on  the  W. 

Cdte  des  Neiges,  kot  di  naizh,  a  post-village  in  the 
rear  of  Mount  Royal,  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  3  miles  from 
Montreal  Post-Office.     Pop.  842. 

Cote-d'Or,  the  French  for  Gold  Coast. 

C6te-d'Or,  kot-doR,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  Frane^ 
which  separates  the  basin  of  the  Sadne  from  those  of  tit* 


COT' 


963 


OQT) 


Seine  and  Loire,  and  connects  the  C6vennea  with  the  Vosgcs. 
The  name  has  special  reference  to  the  small  chain  which 
i  extenils  from  Dijon  to  the  southern  limit  of  the  department 
of  C6te-d'0r,  and  was  bestowed  on  it  on  account  of  its 
valuable  vineyards.  Its  culminating  point,  Le  Taeselot,  ia 
1968  feet  in  height. 

C6te-d'Or,  a  department  in  the  E.  of  Prance,  part  of 
the  old  province  of  Burgundy,  between  lat.  46°  55'  and  48° 
10'  N.,  and  surrounded  by  the  departments  of  Aube,  Yonne, 
Sa6ne-et-Loire,  Jura,  Ilaute-SaSne,  and  Haute-Marne. 
Area,  3354  square  miles.  Surface  hilly.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Seine,  Armanpon,  Serain,  and  Aube,  in  the  basin 
of  the  Seine ;  the  Sa&ne,  which  is  navigable,  and  the  Tille 
and  Ouche,  its  affluents.  The  Canal  of  Burgundy  (Canal  de 
Bourgognc)  traverses  the  department  from  S.E.  to  N.W. 
The  soil  is  rich  in  mines  of  iron  and  coal,  marble,  gypsum, 
and  building  and  lithographic  stones.  A  great  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  It  is  fertile  in  grain  and  fruit,  but 
especially  in  the  vine,  which  renders  this  one  of  the  most 
important  departments  of  France.  It  has  manufactures  of 
wine,  iron,  paper,  woollen  cloth,  spirits,  Ac.  Capital,  Dijon. 
The  department  is  divided  into  4  arrondissements, — Beaune, 
Ohltillon-sur-Seine.  Dijon,  and  Semur-en-Auxois.  Pop.  in 
1881,  382,819;  in  1891,  376,866. 

Cdte  Gel6e,  kot  zhSri',  a  post-office  of  Lafayette 
])arish,  La. 

Cotentin,  koHfisoHiuo'  (anc.  Unelli  or  Veneli  f  or  Con- 

ttanti'nns  ?),  a  district  of  France,  in  Normandy.     It  forms 

f,  peninsula  in  the  N.  of  the  department  of  Manche,  extend- 

j  ing  into  the  English  Channel ;  its  N.  extremity  is  Cape  La 

j  JIague  ;  the  principal  town,  Coutances. 

Cotent'nea,  a  township  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1470. 
I  C6te  Saint  Antoine,  kot  sixt  fiNoHwin',  a  district 
j  (utside  the  western  limits  of  Montreal.  It  contains  the 
j  leeidences  of  a  number  of  Montreal  merchants,  and  Monl^- 
lands,  once  the  residence  of  the  Governors  of  Canada,  now 
I  l:nown  as  Villa  Maria,  one  of  the  largest  convents  in  the 
j  Dominion.     Pop.  600. 

I     Cote  Sainte  Catherine,  kot  siNt  kit^reen',  a  vil- 
1  ige  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from  Montreal  Post- 
I  («Bce,     Pop.  100. 

I  Cote  Saint  Paul,  kot  s&n<>  pol,  a  village  in  Hoche- 
I  Iiga  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Lachine  Canal,  4 
!  iiiles  above  Montreal.  It  contains  an  axe-  and  edge-tool- 
I  f  ictory,  file-works,  bell-factory,  nail-factory,  and  several 
X  rills.     Pop.  1500. 

'     C6te  sans  Besoin,  kot  sfiN"  b^-zwiu"',  a  township  of 
I  Callaway  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  869. 

I      C6tes-du-Nord,  kot-dii-non,  a  maritime  department 

of  the  W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of 

I  Itretagne.    It  is  situated  between  lat.  48°  3'  and  48°  57'  N., 

lounded  N.  by  the  English  Channel,  in  which  it  comprises 

I  Bjveral  small   islands,  S.  by  the  department  of  Morbihan, 

j  U.  by  lUe-et-Vilaine,  and  W.  by  Finistere.     Area,  2658 

I  square  miles.     The  principal  rivers  are  the  Ranee,  Argue- 

I  non,  Gouet,  Trieux,  and   Oust,  all  small.     The  surface  is 

hilly  and  undulating.     Among  its  minerals  are  iron,  lead, 

fine  granite,  marble,  porphyry,  and  slate.     It  has  many 

I  mineral  springs.     Corn  and  cider  are  exported;  hemp  and 

I  flax  are  extensively  raised ;   many  horses  and  cattle  are 

I  reared.     Linen  goods  are  exported  in  immense  quantities. 

Capital,  Saint-Brieuc.     The  department  is  divided  into  the 

arrondissements  of  Dinan,  Guingamp,  Lannion,  Loud6ao, 

and  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  (1891)  618,652. 

Cotesiield,  kots'feeld,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Neb. 
•Coteswold  Hills,  in  England.     See  Cotswold. 
COthen,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Kothen. 
Co'thy,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carmarthen,  after  a 
southward  course  of  25  miles,  joins  the  Towy  about  6  miles 
•bove  Carmarthen. 

Coti,  a  state  of  Borneo.     See  Koxi. 
Cotignac,  koHeen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  16 
miles  W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  3600.    It  has  trade  in  silks, 
leather,  confectionery,  and  wine. 

Cotignola,  ko-teen-yo'lfi.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia, 
34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ferrara,  near  the  Sennio.     Pop.  6540. 

Cotile,  ko-til'  (Fr.  pron.  ko-teel'),  a  post-office  of  Ra- 
pides parish.  La. 

Cotindiba,  ko-teen-dee'bi,  or  Cotingniba,  ko-teen- 
ghee'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  Sorra 
Itabaianna,  flows  almost  due  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sergipe  del  Rey.     Length,  90  miles. 

Cotopaxi,  ko-to-pax'ee  (Sp.  pron.  ko-to-pAh'nee),  a 
Toloano  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  in  the  E.  Cordillera 
of  the  Andes,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quito.  Lat.  0°  41'  S. ;  Ion. 
78°  42'  W.  Its  shape  is  conieal;  height  above  the  sea, 
19.480  feet,  or  9800  feet  above  the  adjacent  valley,  being  the 


highest  volcano  that  has  been  active  in  America  in  modern 
times.  The  upper  4400  feet  of  the  mountain  are  oorered 
with  snow,  except  a  section  around  its  summit.  Tiieecoriae, 
lava,  and  rocky  fragment*  which  are  the  produce  of  ita 
eruptions  cover  an  area  of  some  50  or  60  square  miles.  Its 
first  recorded  eruption  occurred  about  the  time  of  Pizarro'a 
invasion  of  South  America.  In  1698  an  eruption  destroyed 
the  city  of  Tacunga.  In  1738  the  flames  rose  3000  feet  above 
the  brink  of  the  crater ;  and  in  1743  the  fire  burst  forth  from 
several  new  apertures  near  the  summit,  followed  by  profuse 
torrents  of  water,  which  flooded  and  desolated  the  whole 
plain  below.  In  May,  1744,  the  internal  fire  opened  for 
itself  new  passages ;  and  again,  in  April,  1768,  the  snioke 
and  ashes  were  so  dense,  and  caused  such  darkness,  that 
many  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  province  were  compelled  to 
go  about  with  lanterns  during  almost  the  whole  day.  In 
1803  another  eruption  occurred,  after  an  apparently  com- 
plete state  of  quiescence  during  20  years.  At  the  port  of 
Guayaquil,  which  is  130  miles  distant  in  a  straight  line, 
Humboldt  heard,  day  and  night,  the  roaring  and  explosions 
of  this  volcano,  like  continued  discharges  of  a  battery  ol 
artillery.  Noteworthy  eruptions  occurred  in  1851  and  1855. 
Cotrone,  ko-tro'ni  (anc.  Croto'na),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Catanzaro,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  a  railway, 

6  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Nau.  Pop.  7711.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls  and  defended  by  a  strong  citadel.  Among  its  narrow 
streets  and  shabby  houses  are  a  cathedral  and  several  other 
churches,  a  diocesan  seminary,  military  and  civil  hospitals, 
and  several  asylums  and  convents.  It  has  a  small  harbor, 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  good  trade  in  oranges,  olive  oil, 
and  liquorice.  In  ancient  times  it  was  famous  for  the 
school  of  Pythagoras,  and  as  the  birthplace  of  Milo,  the 
famous  athlete.     Crotona  was  founded  about  700  B.C. 

Cotronei,  ko-tro-ni'ee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  ol 
Catanzaro,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  1400. 

Cots'wold,  or  Bolton  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Harriston.  Pop.  175. 

Cots'wold  (or  Cotes'wold)  Hills,  in  England,  a 
tract  of  about  200,000  acres  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of 
Gloucester,  extending  from  Bath  northward  to  Campden, 
and  separating  the  basins  of  the  Thames  and  Severn.  The 
district  gives  name  to  a  noted  breed  of  sheep. 

Cotta,  kot'tA,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  6  miles  E.  of  Colombo, 
formerly  one  of  the  capitals  of  Ceylon.  There  is  here  a 
Christian  institution.  Singhalese  and  Malabar  youths  re- 
ceive instruction  in  the  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  and  English 
languages,  mathematics,  and  theology. 

Cot'tage,  a' post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa. 

Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  35 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- factory. 

Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  5  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Petersburg. 

Cottage  City,  a  post-town  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Martha's  Vineyard  Island,  22i  miles  S.E.  of  New  Bedford. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1080. 

Cottage  Farm,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  at  its  intersection  with  the  Grand  Junction  Kail- 
road,  3  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  station  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
within  the  limits  of  Hartford,  on  the  Connecticut  Western 
Railroad,  4  miles  from  Hartford. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Cooke  co.,  111.,  now 
included  in  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liberty. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 

7  miles  E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  150. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo., 
Minn.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3  churches 
and  public  schools.     Pup.  about  100. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon, 
about  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Eugene  City.  It  has  rich  gold- 
mines, 3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  grist-, 
lumber-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  800. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
or  12  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post>hamlet  of  Dane  M.,  Wiai^  9 
miles  E.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches.  i 

Cottage  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo..  III.,  abeut 
7  miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Hennepin. 

Cottage  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  eo.,  Iowa, 
about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Cottage  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0^ 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  ZanesviUe.     It  has  3  charobes. 


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Cottage  Home,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  111. 

Cottage  Home,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Cottage  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Chattahoochee  co.,  Qa. 

Cot'tageville,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  3 
miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Parkers- 
burg.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  200, 

Cottbus,  or  Hottbns,  kott'bSfis,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  43  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Frankfort.  Pop.  25,559.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
several  suburbs,  a  royal  palace,  college,  orphan  asylum,  and 
various  other  public  institutions ;  also  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths,  linen,  hosiery,  and  tobacco,  with 
breweries,  distilleries,  and  export  and  transit  trade.  It  is 
at  the  junction  of  many  railways. 

Cot'tenham,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and 
6J  miles  N.  of  Cambridge.     Pop.  2496. 

Cot'ter,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the  Edwards- 
vllle  Railroad,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Edwardsville. 

Cot'tian  Alps  (anc.  Al'pee  Cot'tim),  a  division  of  the 
Alps,  extending  from  Monte  Viso  N.W.  to  Mont  Cenis. 

Cottica,  kot-tee'ki,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  rises  in 
the  N.E.  part,  flows  W.,  and  falls  into  the  Commewyne. 

Cottle,  kot't'l,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
1080  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  240. 

Cottle,  a  post-village  of  Cottle  co.,  Tex.,  about  40  miles 
W.  of  Quanah.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cottleville,  kot't'1-vil,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Dardenne  township,  3^  miles  S.  of  St.  Peter's 
Station.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  about  30  families. 

Cot'ton,  a  township  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1700.     It  contains  East  Enterprise. 

Cotton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Ark., 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Cotton  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

Cot'tondale,  a  post- village  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Tusca- 
loosa. It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.  Coal  abounds 
here.     Pop.  about  400. 

Cottondale,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
from  Fort  Worth. 

Cotton  Gin,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex.,  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Mexia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Cotton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 

Cotton  Grove,  a  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
868.  It  contains  the  small  village  of  Cotton  Grove,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Lexington. 

Cotton  Grove,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  100. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  village  of  Clay  co.,  Ga.,  16  miles  W.of 
Cuthbert.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  143. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Sangamon  co.,  III., 
about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &,  Mississippi  Railroad. 
Pop.  754. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Cotton  Mill,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
k  York  Railroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-village  of  Woodruff  co.,  Ark., 

11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coates.     It  has  6  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1 890,  429. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Ocala. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  parish.  La., 
9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbia. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss., 
about  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ripley.     It  has  a  church. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  55 
miles  S.  of  Dexter  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grigt-mill. 

Cotton  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La., 

12  miles  S.  of  Marksville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  500. 
Cotton  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 

Tennessee  River,  about  50  miles  above  Chattanooga. 

Cotton's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Canastota. 

Cotton  Town,  a  hamlet  of  Sumner  oo.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Gallatin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cot'tontown,  a  hamlet  of  Wetzel  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  f  of  a  mile  from  Burton.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Cotton  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  S.  by  £.  of  Tuskegee. 

Cotton  Valley,  N.H.    See  East  WoLFBORoueH. 


Cot'tonville,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Cottonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa,  abotit 
22  miles  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Cot'tonwood,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  640  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Watonwan  and 
affluents  of  the  Cottonwood  River,  which  touches  the  north- 
ern border  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  if 
prairie.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Sioux  City  A 
St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Windom.  Pop.  in  1870,  534: 
in  1875,  2870;  in  1880,  5533;  in  1890,  7412. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  of  Red  Bluff. 

Cottonw^ood,  township,  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  421. 

Cottonw^ood,  township,  Tehama  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  240. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Yolo  co.,  CaL    Pop.  1319. 

Cottonwood,  a  station  in  Gilpin  co..  Col.,  on  the  Colo- 
rado Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Hawk. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Mt.  Idaho.     Pop.  100. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  111.  It 
contains  the  post-village  of  Johnstown. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co..  111.,  about 
15  miles  N.  of  Shawneetown. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas.  Pop, 
506.  It  contains  the  village  of  Cedar  Point,  Cedar  Gror« 
and  Hunts  Stations,  and  the  hamlet  of  Silver  Creek. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  ia 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  about 
2^  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  697. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Marshall.  It  has  a  church,  a  com« 
mon  school,  a  lumber-mill,  general  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Cottonwood,  a  post- village  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Baird.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  250. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  California,  rises  in  the  Coast 
Range,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Sacramento 
River  in  the  south  part  of  Shasta  co. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Marion  eo., 
runs  eastward  through  Chase  co.,  and  enters  the  Neosho 
River  in  Lyon  co.,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Emporia.  Length, 
about  100  miles. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  Nebraska,  runs  southeastward 
through  Saunders  co.,  and  enters  Saline  or  Salt  Creek  about 
2  miles  N.  of  Ashland.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  Albany  co, 
near  Laramie  Peak,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Platte  River  in  Laramie  co. 

Cottonwood  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chase 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Cottonwood  Creek,  1  mile  S.  of  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  20  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Emporia.  It  has  a  fine  stone  court-house,  2  banks,  8 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber.    Two  weekly  papers  are  published  here.    Pop.  770. 

Cottonwood  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reno  co.,  Kaak 
sas,  35  miles  from  Hutchinson.     It  has  a  church. 

Cottonwood  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pemiscot  CO., 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  20  miles  below  (iayoso. 
It  has  2  churches  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Cottonwood  or  Big  Cottonwood  River,  Min- 
nesota, drains  part  of  Lyon  co.,  runs  eastward,  intersects 
Redwood  and  Brown  cos.,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River 
about  4  miles  below  New  Ulm.    It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Cottonwood  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  oo.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Platte  River,  about  17  miles  S.E.  of  NorA 
Platte  Station. 

Cot'trellville,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mioh., 
bounded  E.  by  the  river  St.  Clair.     Pop.  1054. 

Cotui,  or  Cotny,  ko-twee',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Hayti,  in  the  Northeastern  department,  near  the  river 
Yuma,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santo  Domingo,  Pop.  2000.  In 
its  vicinity  are  copper-  and  iron-mines. 

Cotuit,  ko-tu'it,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  oo.,  Mass., 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  It 
has  2  churches  and  common  and  high  schools, 

Cotoit  Port,  a  hamlet  of  Barnstable  co..  Mass,,  S 
miles  S,E.  of  Cotuit,  on  a  bay  called  Cotuit  Harbor. 

Cotul'la,  a  post- village,  capital  of  La  Salle  co,,  Tex., 
86  miles  by  rail  S,  of  San  Antonio,     It  has  a  bank  and  3  a 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  672.  ■ 

Cotysenm,  the  ancient  name  of  Kutaieh,  " 

Conbcabia,  a  town  of  Africa,    See  Coobcabia. 


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965 


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Condi)  a  station  of  the  Chicago,  Millington  &  Western 
Railroad,  ^  miles  from  Chicago,  111. 

Couches y  koosh,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sa6ne-et- Loire,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Autun.     Pop.  1697. 

Couch'ville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Btone   River,  12  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Conckelaere^  kSw-k^h-l&'r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  West  Flanders,  11  miles  S.W,  of  Bruges,  on  the 
Westebeke.     Pop.  4348. 

Coucy-le-Chateau,  koo^8ee'-l?h-shaH5',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  10  miles  N.  of  Soissons.     Pop.  846. 

Coudcac,  a  river  of  New  Brunswick.   See  Petitcodiac. 

CoudekerquC)  kood^k^RK',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkerque.     Pop.  515. 

Condersport)  k6w'd§rz-p5rt,  a  post-borough,  capital 
of  Potter  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  near  its  source, 
about  62  miles  N.N.W,  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2 
steam  saw-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  tannery.   P.  1630. 

Coudes-Montpeyroux,  kood-m6N»^p4^roo',  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Puy-de-D6me.     Pop.  1408. 

Condoonia«  koo-doo'ne-&  (?),  a  river  of  Western  Africa, 

Ml  Soodan,  falling  into  the  Niger  5  miles  N.W.  of  Egga. 
jCoudreSy  Canada.     See  Isle  aux  Coddbes. 
pCoueroii)  koo-i^r6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
eure,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1063. 

ConesmeS)  kwaim  or  kwfim,  a  village  of  France,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  of  commune,  1417. 

Couesnoii)  koo-i'n6No'  or  kwi^ndif"',  a  river  of  France, 
iepartment  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  enters  Cancale  Bay  nearly 
jpposite  Mont  Saint-Michel,  after  a  generally  N.  course  of 
55  miles,  for  the  last  20  miles  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Conff^,  koo^fi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ancenis.     Pop.  229. 

Coah6)  koo^i',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vienne, 
H  miles  N.N.W.  of  Civray,  on  the  Dive.     Pop.  1893. 

Conlan,  a  town  of  India.     See  Quilon. 

Cou'lee  City,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  oo.,  Washing- 
X)n,  124  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a  church,  a 
aewspaper  office,  and  a  high-school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Coullon,  koolMoN"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
•it  Loiret,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  848. 

Coul'man,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Lat.  73° 
J6'  S.;  Ion.  170°  0'  2"  E. 

Coulommiers,  kooMom^me-i',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
jartment  of  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Grand-Morin,  an  afflu- 
jnt  of  the  Marne,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Meaux.  Pop.  4239.  Its 
ohief  edifices  are  a  large  parish  church  and  the  ruins  of  an 
old  castle.  It  has  an  active  trade  with  Paris  in  corn  and 
:iour.  Brie  cheeses,  fruit,  and  cattle. 

Conlonges-sur'Lantize,  kooM6Nzh'-siiR-loHeez',  a 
town  of  Franoe,  department  of  Deux-Sdvres,  12  miles 
:jr.N.W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1338. 

Conlson,  kol'son,  a  station  in  Mercer  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
ilJew  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Mercer. 

Coulson,  a  post-viljage  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles 
from  Orillia.     Pop.  100. 

Coulter,  kol't^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  co.,  Col.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Hot  Sulphur  Springs. 

Coultersville,  kol't^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Randolph 
«)0.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Belleville,  and  47  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  machine-shop,  a  steam- 
mill,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  598. 

Coultersville,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  South 
Versailles  township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  about  400. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Duncan.  Its  inhabitants  are 
mostly  coal-miners. 

Coultersville,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    See  Sunbdrt. 
.  Coulterville,  kol't^r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Mariposa 
CO.,  Cal.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Mariposa.     It  has  a  church,  a 
qnartz-mill,  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  526. 

Couna,  the  Latin  name  of  Kovno. 

Council,  a  hamlet  of  North  Carolina.     See  Bristol. 

Council  (kSwn'sIl)  Bluflfs,  a  city  of  Iowa,  the  capital 
of  Pottawattamie  co.,  is  situated  about  3  miles  E.  of  the 
Missouri  River,  4  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Omaha,  141  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  317  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It 
is  at  the  junction  of  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs,  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  the  Chicago 
4  Northwestern,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul,  and  the  Omaha  &  St. 
Louis  Railroads.  The  site  is  a  plain  or  bottom,  bordered 
^  on  the  E.  by  high  bluffs  which  command  a  beautiful  view 
•f  the  town  and  river.     It  contains  a  Federal  and  oounty 


court-house,  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  founded 
by  the  state  in  1865,  several  banks,  a  high  school,  19 
churches,  manufactures  of  carriages,  paper,  iron,  and  agri- 
cultural implements  and  machines,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Three  grand 
railroad  bridges  across  the  Missouri  River  connect  this  city 
with  Omaha,  Nebraska.  Council  Bluffs  is  the  largest  town 
of  Western  Iowa.     Pop.  in  1890,  21,474. 

Council  Grove,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morris  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  37  miles  by  rail  S.S.E  of 
Junction  City,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Emporia.  It  has  2 
state  banks,  7  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices, 
2  flour-mills,  2  broom-factories,  a  canning-factory,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2211. 

Council  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  in 
Council  Hill  township,  1  mile  from  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  and  7  or  8  miles  N.E.  of  Galena.  It  has  a  church 
Pop.  of  the  township,  725. 

Council  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 

Council  Hill  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Galena. 

Council  House,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  In 
dian  Territory. 

Counover,  a  post-office  of  Iowa.    See  Conoveb. 

Count  Heiden  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  See  LsoiEr. 

Country  Harbor,  a  post-village  and  gold  district  in 
Guysborough  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Country  Harbor  River, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Guysborough.     Pop.  300. 

Count's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co., 
Ky.,  10  miles  W.  of  Grayson. 

Counts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Coun'ty  Home,  a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  3  miles  S.  from  Greensburg,  Pa. 

County  House,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Detroit. 

County  House,  a  station  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Bath  &  Hammondsport  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bath. 

County  liine,  a  hamlet  of  Campbell  and  Carroll  cos., 
Ga.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Newnan. 
It  has  2  churches. 

County  Line,  Ind.    See  Rose  Hill. 

County  liine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Southwest  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Fairfield,  Iowa.  It  has 
a  church. 

County  liine,  a  station  on  the  line  between  Ingham 
and  Eaton  cos.,  Mich.,  on  the  railroad  from  Jackson  to 
Grand  Rapids,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

County  Line,  a  station  of  Muskegon  and  Newaygo 
COS.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

County  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Birch  Run  township,  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  hoops. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Quitman  oo.,  Miss. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Lewiston. 

County  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Statesville.  It  has  an  academy  and  a 
tobacco -factory. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  line  between  Dauphin  and  Northumberland  cos. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Moore  oo.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Tullahoma. 

County  Line,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

County  Line  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  northeast- 
ward in  Caswell  co.  and  enters  the  Dan  River  at  Milton. 

County  Line  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Char- 
lotte CO.,  Va.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Keysville  Station. 

Coupang,  a  town  of  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Cokpano. 

Couparle  (koo^parl')  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Miss.,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  a  church. 

Coupeville,  or  Coupville,  koop'vll,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Island  co.,  Washington,  is  on  Whidby  Island, 
and  on  Puget  Sound,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Olympia.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  613. 

Coupiac,  koo^pe-&k',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aveyron,  26  miles  S.  of  Rodez. 

Courbevoie,  kooR^b^h-vwA',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Paris  A  Ver- 
sailles Railway,  5^  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  11,811. 

Courcelles,  koon'sill',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  3226.  Courokll« 
or  CoDRCELLBS  is  the  name  of  several  villages  of  Franoe. 


cou 


966 


(m^ 


Conrcemont)  kooR^s^h-mftNo',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Sarthe,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Le  Mans.     P.  Ifi02. 

Courcit6)  kooR^seeHi',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 
partment and  17  miles  E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  2100. 

Courdemanche^  kooR^d^h-mdNsh',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Sarthe,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Calais.     P.  1525. 

Courlaud,  or  Kurland,  koor'land  (Ger.  pron.  kooK'- 
lint),  a  government  of  Russia,  one  of  the  Baltic  provinces, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Baltic,  N.  by  the  Gulf  of  Riga,  and 
N.E.  by  the  river  Dwina.  Area,  10,535  square  miles.  It 
is  generally  level,  with  many  lakes  and  marshes.  Agri- 
culture is  the  chief  pursuit.  The  upper  classes  are  mainly 
of  German  descent;  but  the  peasantry  are  of  many  tribes 
and  employ  several  languages,  few  being  Russians.  Among 
them  are  the  Kures  (whence  the  country  has  its  name)  and 
other  Lettish  peoples,  the  Krevinnes,  &c.,  partly  Slavic  and 
partly  Finnish.     Capital,  Mittau.     Pop.  619,154. 

Courmayeur,  kooR^mi^yuR',  or  Cormtyor,  koR-mJ,- 
jor',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  19  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Aosta,  on  the  Dora  Baltea,  among  the  Alps.  It  is  much 
visited  for  its  mineral  springs  and  its  scenery.     Pop.  1213. 

Cournon,  kooR^n6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Ddme,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2522. 

Courpifere,  kooR^pe-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  on  the  Dore,  22  miles  E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.  Pop., 
with  commune,  3690. 

Courri^res,  kooE^Re-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  3113. 

CourS)  kooR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhflne,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Villefranche,  on  the  Trambouze.  Pop.  4909. 
It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  manufacture  of  cotton  goods, 
called  Beaujolais. 

CoursaU)  kooR^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aude,  on  the  river  Aude,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Narbonne.  It 
has  a  distillery  of  brandy.     Pop.  2285. 

Cour'sen's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kan. 

Courseulles,  kooR'sull',  or  Courseulle-sur-Mer, 
kooR^suU'-silR-main,  a  village  of  France,  in  Calvados,  near 
the  English  Channel,  1 1  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caen.     Pop.  1681. 

Coursieux,  a  village  of  France.     See  Courzieu. 

Courson,  kooR^s6N<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  13 
miles  S.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1419. 

Courson,  a  village  of  France,  in  Calvados,  40  miles 
S-W.  of  Caen.     Pop.  1260. 

Courtableau  Bayou,  koorH&^blo'  bi'oo,  Louisiana, 
is  formed  by  Boeuf  and  Crocodile  Bayous,  which  unite  in 
St.  Landry  parish  about  8  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.  It  runs 
southeastward  nearly  35  miles,  and  enters  the  Atchafalaya. 
During  high  water  it  is  navigable  by  steamboats  from  its 
mouth  to  Washington. 

Courtais,  koorHi',  a  oreek  of  Missouri,  flows  into  the 
Osage  Fork  of  Maramec  River,  in  Crawford  oo. 

Courtais,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.     Pop.  962. 

Courtelari,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Courtlari. 

Courtenay,  kooRt^ni',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Loiret,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montargis.     Pop.  2022. 

Courteney,  kort'nee,  a  station  in  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Evansville. 

Court'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Peru. 

Court  House,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Vanderbilt  Land- 
ing.    It  is  near  Richmond,  the  county  seat. 

Courthouse,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.C.    P.  1759. 

Courthouse,  township,  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.    P.  1708. 

Courthouse,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1229. 

Courtinay,  koor^te-ni',  a  large  village  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bellary. 

Courtisols,  kooRHee'zol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Marne, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chaions.  Pop.  1740.  Its  inhabitants, 
said  to  be  descended  from  an  ancient  Greek  colony,  are  dis- 
tinguished by  their  agricultural  knowledge,  their  patois, 
and  their  many  peculiar  customs. 

Courtland,  kort'land,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co,, 
Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Decatur,  and  169  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  cotton-gin,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  579. 

Courtland,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Elk  Grove  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches,  a  basket -factory,  Ac. 

Courtland,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  55  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  and  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Sycamore. 
It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a  creamery,  a  mill,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  313. 


Courtland,  a  post-village  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  2  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  and'a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  267. 

Courtland,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1287. 

Courtland,  a  post-village  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  22 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  Peter.    It  has  a  public  school.    Pop.   ■ 
about  175.  ■ 

Courtland,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  on  the  ■ 
Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  64  miles  S.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here  annually. 

Courtland,  Nebraska  and  New  York.    See  Cortland. 

Courtland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Southampton  co., 
Va.,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Suffolk.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
peanut-factories,  and  2  lumber-factories.     Pop.  700. 

Courtland,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
1245.     It  contains  part  of  Cambria  and  Randolph. 

Courtland,  or Middleton  Centre,  a  post-village  in 
Norfolk  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Canada  Air-Line  Railway,  8 
miles  W.  of  Delhi.  It  contains  4  stores,  2  cheese-factories, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Courtland  Centre,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Courtland. 

Courtlandville,  kort'land-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Hopewell  Junction. 

Courtlari,  or  Courtelari,  kooRtMlVee',  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1095. 

Court^macsher'ry,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  Courtmacsherry  Bay,  7  miles  E.  of 
Clonakilty.     Pop.  485. 

Courtney,  kort'nee,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  fire-brick.     Pop.  about  200. 

Courtney,  a  post-village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  on  or 
near  the  Brazos  River,  and  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central 
Railroad,  62  miles  N.W.  of  Houston.  It  has  5  churches. 
Several  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Courtrai,  or  Courtray,  koonHri'  (anc.  Cortori'acnm; 
Flem.  Kortryk,  koRt'rike),  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent,  with 
which,  as  also  with  most  of  the  other  principal  places  in 
Belgium,  it  communicates  by  numerous  railways.  Pop.  in 
1891,  30,908.  It  is  well  built  and  clean;  chief  edifices,  a 
Gothic  town  hall  and  cathedral,  St.  Martin's  church,  a 
public  library,  and  a  famous  belfry.  It  abounds  in  works 
of  art,  and  has  various  public  schools.  In  and  around  it 
are  carried  on  extensive  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton 
fabrics,  damasks,  lace,  and  yarn ;  it  has  also  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  paper,  tobacco,  soap,  beer,  and 
leather. 

Courtrai  is  of  early  origin ;  in  Roman  times  it  was  called 
Cortoriacum.  The  Normans  took  and  fortified  it  in  880 ;  the 
locality  was  made  a  countship  in  988.  The  (first)  "Battle 
of  the  Spurs"  was  fought  close  to  the  town,  July  11,  1302, 
between  the  Flemings  and  French,  in  which  the  latter  were 
defeated,  with  immense  loss,  including  the  8000  gilt  spurs 
of  the  killed  or  vanquished  French  knights,  from  which 
circumstance  the  fight  took  its  name.  In  1382  the  French 
took  and  sacked  the  town,  to  revenge  this  signal  defeat. 
The  French  took  the  town  again  in  1793. 

Courville,  kooRVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  on  the  Eure,  11  miles  W.  of  Chartres,     Pop.  1718. 

Courzieu,  or  Conrsienx,  kooR^ze-ch',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Rh&ne,  12  miles  W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1674. 

Couscea,  a  town  of  Guinea.     See  Conseca. 

Coushatta  Chute,  koo-shat'ta  shoot',  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Red  River  parish.  La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Red 
River,  65  miles  below  Shreveport,  and  about  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Natchitoches.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Coussac-Bonneval,  koos^sik'-bonnVM',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  21  miles  S.  of  Limoges.  Pop. 
784;  of  commune,  3412. 

Coutances,  kooH&xss'  (anc.  Constav'tia),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Manche,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Soulle  and  Bui  - 
sard,  7  miles  from  the  English  Channel,  and  41  miles  S.  of 
Cherbourg.  Pop.  8008.  It  stands  on  a  hill -slope,  surrounded 
by  an  old  wall.  It  has  a  cathedral,  which  was  built  about 
1056  and  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Normandy,  two  other  hand- 
some churches,  a  bishop's  palace,  prefecture,  commercial 
college,  public  library,  and  theatre,  manufactures  of  worsted 
stuffs,  druggets,  tape,  lace,  parchments,  and  hardwares,  a 
brisk  trade  in  corn,  flax,  hemp,  butter,  and  cattle,  and  two 
considerable  annual  fairs.  Coutances  is  an  ancient  town,  m 
and  had  a  bishop  in  430.  W 

Couterne,  kooH^Rn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  on  th« 
V6e  and  Mayenne,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Domfront.    Pop  166? 


cot' 


967 


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Conthuin-Reppe^  k5w-toin'-r4p'p^h  (Fr.  pron.  koo'- 
twiN"'-rfipp^,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  on  the  Meuse, 
t  miles  W.  of  Huy.     Pop.  2820. 

Coutiches*  kooHeesn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  296;  of  commune,  2005. 

Coutourre^  koo^toovR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1881. 

Coutras,  kooHrfi,'  (anc  Corterate),a,  town  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  on  the  Dronne,  at  a  railway  junction,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2202. 

Couves,  kS'vIs,  or  ko'ooVfis,  two  small  islands  of 
jirazil,  ofif  the  coast  of  the  province  of  Sao  Paulo.  Lat.  23° 
-'.V  S.;  Ion,  44°  55'  W. 

Couvet,  kooVi',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  the  Val  de 
Travers,  14  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Neufchatel.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lace  and  absinthe. 

CouTillonville;  kooVe*yoN»Veel',  a  village  of  Avoy- 
ellefl  parish.  La.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Hudson.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Couvin,  kooViiJo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Namur.  Pop.  2520.  It  has  iron- 
tnines,  and  manufactures  of  steam-machinery  and  cables. 

Cove,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kincardine,  on  a  bay, 
4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  450. 

Cove,  a  maritime  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  1  mile 
E.  of  Kinsale.  Queenstown,  in  this  county,  was  formerly 
called  Cove,  or  Cove  of  Cork. 

Cove,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  3  churehes,  a  high  school,  grist-, 
saw-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Cove,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Upper  Marl- 
borough. 

Cove,  a  township  of  Isle  Royale  co.,  Mich.  It  con- 
tains Minong. 

Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  about  15  miles 
S.E.  of  La  Grande.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  but- 
ter- and  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  in  1890,  223. 
fcCove,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.  See  Cove  Fohge. 
fCove  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Dalton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
several  general  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark.,  on 
Ouachita  River,  and  on  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad. 
ove  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co„  N.C. 
ove  Creek,  a  township,  Watauga  co.,  N.C,    Pop.  887. 
ove  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  25 

les  S.  by  E.  of  Huntington. 

Cove  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Williamsburg.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Cove  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 

Juehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile 
I.  of  Duncannon.     Here  is  an  iron-forge. 

Cove  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  30 
niles  S.  of  Barboursville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Cove  Head,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
Island,  12  miles  N.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  300. 

Cove  Head  Road,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  9  miles  N.  of  Charlottetown.  P.  250. 

Cove  Island,  or  Great  Island,  in  the  harbor  of 
Cork,  Ireland,  contains  Queenstown,  and  has  an  area  of 
13,000  acres.  It  is  occupied  with  villas  and  plantations 
and  connected  with  the  mainland  by  several  bridges. 

Cove'land,  a  post-village  of  Island  co.,  Washington, 
on  Whidby  Island,  and  on  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
about  95  miles  N.  of  Olympia. 

Co'vell,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church. 

Covelo,  ko'v§-lo,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  oo.,  Cal., 
60  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
oiili,  and  a  hop-drying  factory.     Pop.  300. 

Cove'long,  a  maritime  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency and  22  miles  S.  of  Madras,  district  of  Chingleput. 

Cove  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  in  Derry 
township,  i  mile  from  Maitland  Station,  which  is  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Coven'a,  a  post-office  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga. 

Coventry,  kuv'^n-tre  (L.  Coven' tria),  a  city  of  Eng- 
land, 00.  of  Warwick,  86  miles  N.W.  of  London,  and  9i 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Warwick,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railways. 
The  more  modern  parts  of  the  town  are  regularly  and  well 
i>ailt,  well  paved,  lighted  with  gas,  and  abundantly  sup- 
J  plied  with  water.  Among  the  more  remarkable  buildings 
"j  are  St.  Michael's  church,  a  masterpiece  of  the  lighter  Gothic 
»j  Wyle,  Trinity  church,  St.  John's  church,  Christ  church,  a 


r     oules 

P'"c« 


handsome  modern  building  attached  to  the  elegant  spire  of 
the  Greyfriars'  monastery,  and  St.  Mary's  hall,  erected  in 
the  time  of  Henry  VI.  and  esteemed  one  of  the  finest  speci- 
mens of  the  ornamental  architecture  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury in  England.  To  these  buildings  may  be  added  the 
theatre,  the  town  hall,  the  drapers'  hall,  the  jail,  barracks, 
and  other  handsome  public  structures.  It  has  also  a  band- 
some  Gothic  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and  places  of  worship 
belonging  to  Independents,  Baptists,  Methodists,  Unita- 
rians, and  the  Society  of  Friends.  The  charitable  institu- 
tions are  numerous  and  well  endowed,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Sir  Thomas  White's  Charity,  the  men's,  boys', 
old  men's,  and  old  women's  hospitals,  &o.  The  scholastic 
foundations  are  the  free  grammar-school,  a  richly-endowed 
institution,  several  charity  schools,  and  a  school  of  design. 
There  are  also  a  library,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  society 
for  the  difi"uBion  of  religious  and  useful  knowledge,  several 
dispensaries,  and  a  beautifully  laid-out  cemetery. 

Coventry  was  early  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of 
cloth  caps  and  bonnets,  and  for  a  kind  of  blue  thread  called 
"Coventry  true  blue."  Weaving  and  watch-making  now 
constitute  the  staple  business.  Gauze,  ribbons,  elastic  webs, 
carpets,  carriage-lace,  sewing-machines,  castings,  Ac,  are 
here  manufactured,  and  fringe-making  and  silk-dyeing  are 
carried  on.  Coventry  was  formerly  surrounded  with  lofty 
walls,  in  which  were  12  gates.  Its  pageants  and  processions 
were  of  the  most  magnificent  description,  and  Myeteriet 
were  here  enacted  in  a  style  nowhere  else  equalled.  The 
old  predilection  of  the  people  of  Coventry  for  gorgeous 
pageantry  is  still  manifested  by  the  triennial  processional 
show  in  honor  of  the  Lady  Godiva,  who  unwittingly  tempted 
"  Peeping  Tom  of  Coventry"  into  the  indiscretion  for  which 
he  has  been  immortalized.  Coventry,  since  1453,  has  sent 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.    P.  (1891)  52,720. 

Cov'entry,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn., 
in  Coventry  township,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  South  Coventry,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Willimantic.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  silk  goods  and  woollen  goods.   P.  2057. 

Coventry,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Coventry  township,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  has  4  churches,  many  rich  dairy- 
farms,  and  much  beautiful  hill-scenery.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1349.  Coventry  Station,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
&  Western  Railroad,  is  12  miles  S.  of  Norwich. 

Coventry,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  It  has  5 
churches,  mines  of  rich  coal,  manufactures  of  stoneware,  &c. 
Pop.  1817.     It  contains  New  Portage. 

Coventry,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  <fe  New  England  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Providence.  Here  are  manufactures  of  cotton  prints,  <to. 
Coventry  township  contains  villages  named  Anthony, 
Greene,  and  Coventry  Centre.    Pop.  of  the  township,  5068. 

Coventry,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  Coven- 
try township,  on  Black  River,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  Irasburg, 
and  3  miles  W.  of  Coventry  Station,  which  is  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Derby  Line.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  879. 

Cov'entry,  or  Colam'bia,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell 
CO.,  Ontario,  .3  m'.lea  N.  of  Bolton.     Pop.  250. 

Cov'entry  Centre,  a  village  of  Coventry  township, 
Kent  CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad, 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  woollen  j'arn.     Pop.  300. 

Cov'entryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y 
about  16  miles  S.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Coventryville,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  South 
Coventry  township,  6  miles  S.S.W .  of  Pottstown.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  flour-mill  on  French  Creek. 

Cove  of  Cork,  Ireland.    See  Queenstown. 

Cove  Point,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  on  or 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  40  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  It  has 
several  stores  and  a  wharf  for  steamers. 

Covert,  kiiv'^rt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas, 
28  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Covert,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Deerfield  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Watervliet  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Allegan.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Covert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Covert 
township,  and  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A,  Sayre  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  barrels.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Cayuga  Lake.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam 
based  on  limestone.     Pop.  of  the  township,  20V7. 


GOV 


968 


COW 


Covert's  Mill,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Youngstown  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  49  miles  N.W,  of  Pittsburg. 

Cove  Station^  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of 
Huntingdon. 

Covesville,  kSvz'vil,  a  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Charlottesville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Coveville,  kov'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Champlain  Canal. 

Covey  (kuv'e)  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  10  miles  W.  of  Hemmingford.  It  contains  saw- 
and  grist-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Covilhft,  ko-veel-yiu"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Quarda.  It  has  a  Latin  school,  woollen- 
manufactures,  and  thermal  springs.     Pop.  8838, 

Covington^  kiiv'ing-ton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Alabama,  bordering  on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  994 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Conecuh  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Yellow  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  It  produces  some 
cotton,  and  Indian  corn.  Capital,  Andalusia.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4868;  in  1880,  6639;  in  1890,  7536, 

Covington,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Leaf 
River  and  Bowie  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  covered 
with  forests  of  pine;  the  soil  is  mostly  sandy  and  light. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Wil- 
liamsburg, Pop.  in  1870,4753;  in  1880,5993;  in  1890, 
8299. 

Covington,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  oo.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Florence. 

Covington,  an  incorporated  town,  capital  of  Newton 
CO.,  Gil.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E.  of  At- 
lanta, and  2  miles  from  Emory  College.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  bank,  a  female  college,  7  churches,  a  male  acad- 
emy, a  cotton  compress,  steam  ginneries,  an  oil-mill,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1823. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fonntain  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  72  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Danville,  III. 
The  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad  crosses 
the  Wabash  River  at  this  point.  Covington  is  the  seat  of 
the  Indiana  Normal  College.  It  has  7  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  a  brewery,  a  flour-mill,  and  iron-works. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1891. 

Covington,  a  city  of  Kentucky,  the  capital  of  Kenton 
00.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Cincinnati,  and 
immediately  below  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  River.  It  is 
the  N.  terminus  of  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  and  is 
99  miles  N.  of  Lexington  by  that  route.  It  is  also  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  and  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  Railroads.  The  site  is  nearly  a  level  plain.  A  grand 
suspension  bridge,  2252  feet  long,  including  approaches, 
connects  Covington  with  Cincinnati ;  this  bridge  cost  nearly 
$2,000,000,  Another  bridge  also  connects  the  city  with 
Cincinnati,  known  as  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  and 
Highway  Bridge,  4812  feet  in  length,  including  approaches, 
costing  $3,350,000,  Another  bridge  is  in  contemplation, 
to  be  constructed  especially  with  reference  to  rapid  transit 
between  the  cities  of  Covington  and  Cincinnati,  Three 
bridges  across  the  Licking  River  connect  Covington  with 
Newport,  Covington  contains  many  residences  of  persons 
who  do  business  in  Cincinnati,  It  has  about  45  churches 
(Baptist,  Catholic,  Christian,  Lutheran,  Methodist,  Presby- 
terian, Ac),  and  has  in  course  of  construction  a  magnifi- 
cent cathedral,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  2500  persons. 
It  has  5  national  banks,  a  city  hall,  a  high  school,  8  dis- 
trict schools,  and  a  colored  school,  all  capacious ;  also  a 
public  library,  a  new  United  States  court-house,  a  Catholic 
hospital,  an  orphanage,  a  convent,  3  Catholic  academies, 
and  an  elegant  home  for  aged  and  indigent  women.  It  is 
also  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop.  There  are  4  rolling-mills, 
several  distilleries,  numerous  factories,  and  4  daily  and  5 
weekly  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,505  ;  in  1880, 
29,720;  in  1890,  37,371;  in  1895  (estimated),  45,000. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Tammany 
parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  Phalia,  about  42  miles  N.  of  New 
Orleans,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Lake  Pontohartrain.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1000, 

Covington,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Nebraska,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  at  the  convergence  of  2  railroads,  oppo- 
site Sioux  City,  Iowa.     Pop.  500. 

Covington,  a  post-village  of  Miami  oo.,  0.,  in  New- 
berry township,  at  the  junction  of  Greenville  and  Stillwater 


Creeks,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Troy,  34  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Dayton,  and  88  miles  N,  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  flour  and  of  lime,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory,  and  several 
stone-quarries.     Pop.  1778. 

Covington,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co,,  Pa.  Pop,  701. 
It  contains  Frenchville  and  Karthaus,  and  has  large  lumber- 
mills  and  beds  of  iron  and  coal. 

Covington,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 
Pop,  1182, 

Covington,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  oo,.  Pa,,  on  the 
Tioga  River,  in  Covington  township,  and  on  the  Tioga  & 
Elmira  State  Line  Railroad,  36  miles  S,  of  Corning,  and  5 
miles  N.  of  Blossburg,  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  manufactory  of  window-glass,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  315 ; 
of  the  township,  811. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tipton  oo.,  Tenn., 
37  miles  by  rail  N.N,E,  of  Memphis.  It  has  8  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  female  seminary,  a  planing-mill,  2  steam 
roller-mills,  2  banks,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1067. 

Covington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  oo.,  Tex.,  45  mile* 
N,  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  mill. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alleghany  co., 
Va.,  on  Jackson's  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  205  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  22  miles  E.  of 
the  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
mountain-scenery,  and  has  4  churches. 

Covode',  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 

Cow'al,  or  CoAv'all,  a  peninsular  district  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  between  Loch  Long  and  the  Firth  of  Clyde 
on  the  E.  and  Loch  Tyne  on  the  W. 

Cowan,  kfiw'an,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter A  Tamaroa  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Pinckneyville 

Cowan,  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     See  MacCowan. 

Cowan,a  post-village  of  Fleming  CO.,  Ky.,  on  thcMays- 
ville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Maysvillo. 
It  has  a  seminary. 

Cowan,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.     Pop.  492. 

Cowan,  or  Far'mersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Buff"alo  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Mifflinburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc. 

Cowan,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Sewanee  Railroad,  64  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Chat- 
tanooga, and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Tracy  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Cowanesque  (k5w-an-es'kwe)  Creek  rises  in  Potter 
CO.,  Pa.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through  Tioga  co.,  and  enteri 
the  Tioga  River  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y,,  about  1  mile  from  the 
southern  boundary  of  New  York. 

Cowanesque,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsborough,  and  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Addi- 
son, N.Y.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
sasb,  blinds,  &c. 

Cow'an's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,Va., 
11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Cowan's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  oc, 
N.C.,  on  the  Catawba  River. 

Cowanshan'nock,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2246.     It  contains  Atwood. 

Cowanshannock,  a  station  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  B.  bank  of 
the  Alleghany  River,  in  Pine  Creek  township,  48  miles  N.B. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Cowanshannock  Creek,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  rune 
westward  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  about  4  milee 
above  Kittanning. 

Cow'an's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

Cowansville,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     See  Middlesex. 

Cow^'ansville,  or  Nel'sonville,  a  post-village  in 
Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  branch  of  the  Yamask* 
River,  and  on  the  Southeastern  Railway,  55  miles  S.B.  of 
Montreal.  It  contains  6  stores,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  » 
printing-office,  a  branch  bank,  and  several  mills  and  work- 
shops.    Pop.  600. 

Co^ward's',a  station  in  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  86  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Cow  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co,.  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Cow  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  22  miles  K 
of  Sydney,  It  contains  5  stores,  and  rich  coal-minef  which 
are  worked  by  two  companies,  employing  about  600  hands. 
A  breakwater  in  the  bay  makes  it  a  safe  harbor.  Steamer* 
ply  between  Cow  Bay  and  Sydney,  and  vessels  load  with 
coal  direct  for  Montreal  and  other  ports.     Pop.  1986. 

Cow'bridge,  or  Pont-Vaen  (vi'en),  a  town  of 


cow 


m 


oox 


Wales,  CO.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the  small  river  Ddau,  12  miles, 
or  about  20  by  rail,  W.  of  Cardiff.  In  the  vicinity  are  the 
remains  of  a  castle  and  of  a  prehistoric  structure.    P.  1134. 

Cow  CastlC)  township,  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    Pop  720. 

Cow  Creek,  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  runs  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  Sacramento  River  about  16  miles  below  Shasta. 

Cow  Creek,  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va.  See  Willow 
Island. 

Cow'den,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  on  the  Kas- 
kaskia  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Altamont,  and 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Shelby ville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
])aper  oflBce,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  hay- 
press,  a  tile-factory,  lumber-mills,  and  other  business 
houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Cowden,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  oo.,  S.C,  6^  miles  from 
Aiken. 

Cow^ee',  a  township  of  Macon  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  760. 

Cowekee,  Alabama.     See  Cowikee. 

Cow'er,  a  trading-place  of  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  about 
80  miles  from  its  mouth.    Lat.  13°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  30'  W. 

Cowes,  kSwz,  or  West  Cowes,  a  seaport  town  and 
watering-place  of  England,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  river  Medina,  at  its  month,  and  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island,  lOi  miles  S.S.E.  of  Southampton, 
and  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portsmouth,  with  both  of  which 
ports  it  communicates  by  steam  ferry.  A  railway  connects  it 
with  Newport  and  Ryde.  It  has  a  striking  appearance  from 
the  sea,  and  comprises  many  good  residences,  with  hotels, 
assembly-  and  reading-rooms,  a  battery  originally  built  by 
Henry  VIII.,  and  a  handsome  church.  Cowes  has  a  good 
bathing  establishment,  and  docks  for  yacht-building ;  and 
it  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Royal  Yacht  Club,  who  hold 

£eir  annual  regatta  here.    Pop.  in  1891,  7768. 
East  Cowes  is  a  village  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Me- 
na,  at  its  mouth,  opposite  West  Cowes,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
Newport.    Pop.  2512.    It  has  the  custom-house  for  the  port 
of  Cowes.     Near  it  are  Norris  Castle  and  Osborne  House,  a 

idence  of  Queen  Victoria. 

Cowesett,  k5w-ee'set,  a  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
videnoe  <k  Stonington  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Provi- 

mce.     Pop.  113. 

Coweta,  kSw-ee'ta,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia, 
las  an  area  of  about  506  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  also  drained  by 
several  small  affluents  of  the  Flint.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hick- 
ory, &o.;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
~~  d  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
tlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad.     Capital,  Newnan.     Pop. 

1870,  15,876;  in  1880,  21,109;  in  1890,  22,354. 

Cow'gill,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.,  about  26 
lies   by  rail  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It   has    2  churches,  2 

.nks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  wagon-  and  buggy-facto- 
■es.     Pop.  400. 

Cow'head  Spring,  a  chalybeate  sulphur  spring,  Beau- 
fort CO.,  N.C,  of  local  repute,  4  miles  N.  of  Washington. 

Cow  Hill,  Hunt  co.,  Tex.     See  Ashland. 

Cow'house  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Coryell  co.,  and  enters  the  Leon 
River  in  Bell  oo.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

CowUchan',  or  Caw^etchan',  a  post-town  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia,  and  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  35  miles  N.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  con- 
vent, Catholic  schools  for  Indians,  and  a  church.    Pop.  221. 

Cowikee,  or  Cowekee,  k5w-i'kee,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Eufaula. 

Cowikee  (or  Cow^ekee)  Creek,  Alabama,  is 
formed  by  three  forks,  the  North,  Middle,  and  South,  which 
unite  in  Barbour  co.  It  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the 
Chattahoochee  River  about  8  miles  above  Eufaula. 

CowHshar',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  near  its  N.W.  ex- 
tremity, on  the  Goggra.     Lat.  13°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  5'  E. 

Cow  Island,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Lincoln  co., 
Me.     Pop.  19. 

Cowles  (kolz)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  'Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad 
of  Alabama,  30  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Cowlesville,  kslz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Bennington  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  3.  from 
Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  mineral  spring,  a 
foundry,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  350. 

Cow'ley,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1122  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White- 
water Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Arkansas  River,  which  latter 
traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and 
nv  groves  of  oottonwood,  oak,  sycamore,  and  walnut ;  the  soil 
62 


is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
and  Missouri  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Winfield.  Pop. 
in  1870,1175;  in  1875,8963;  in  1876,  11,722;  in  1878, 
15,390;  in  1880,  21,538;  in  1890,  34,478. 

Cow'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Vinoennes. 

Cow'iitz,  a  small  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wash- 
ington, is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Cowlitz  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  grass,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staples. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  North  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kalama.     Pop.  in  1870,  730  ;  in  1880,  2062 ;  in  1890,  6917. 

Cowlitz,  a  station  in  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington,  on  Cow 
litz  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Kalama. 

Cowlitz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington,  near 
the  Cowlitz  River,  5  miles  from  Winlock  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  Catholic  academy,  2  stores,  and  10  houses. 

Cowlitz  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  the  E.  part  of  Lewis  co.,  through  which  it  runs 
westward  and  southwestward.  It  next  flows  southward 
through  Cowlitz  oo.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  at  Mon- 
ticello.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and  is  a  large  rapid 
stream.     Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  nearly  40  miles. 

Cow'pasture  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Highland  co., 
runs  nearly  southward  through  Bath  co.,  and  unites  with 
Jackson's  River  about  15  miles  E.  of  Covington.  The  stream 
formed  by  this  junction  is  the  James  River. 

Cow'pen,  a  town  of  England,  in  Northumberland,  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Morpeth.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  6464. 

Cowpens,  kSw'penz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co., 
Ala.,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dadeville. 

Cowpens,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Spartanburg 
CO.,  S.C,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  high 
school.  Pop.  in  1890,  349.  A  part  of  General  Greene's 
army  defeated  the  British  here  in  January,  1781. 

Cow  Run,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  several  churches. 

Cox,  an  Island  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hoogly, 
contiguous  to  the  N.  end  of  Sagor  Island.  It  is  3  miles  in 
length  and  2  miles  in  breadth. 

Cox,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  rising  75  miles  N.W. 
of  Sydney,  falls  into  the  WoUondilly. 

Cox'burg,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn. 

Coxe's  Bazar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cox's  Bazar. 

Coxe's  Mills,  New  York.     See  Hannaway  Falls. 

Coxe's  Station,  in  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  is  on  the 
Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Centreville. 

Coxim,  ko-sheeN<»',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  among  the 
mountains  in  the  S.  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins 
the  Taquari  in  lat.  18°  24'  S. 

Cox's,  a  station  in  Wayne  co..  111.,  on  the  Southeastern 
division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Fairfield. 

Coxsackie,  cook-sock'e,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  in  Coxsackie 
township,  and  on  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Albany,  and  7  miles  above  Hudson.  It  has  6  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  brass  valves,  gate-valves,  fire-hydrants,  barrels, 
and  vinegar.  The  Hudson  River  Railroad  is  on  the  op- 
posite bank  of  the  river,  and  Coxsackie  Station,  on  that 
road,  is  20  miles  S.  of  East  Albany,  and  121  miles  N.  of 
New  York.     Pop.  in  1890,  1611 ;  of  the  township,  3773. 

Cox's  (or  Coxe's)  Bazar,  a  thriving  town  of  India, 
in  the  Chittagong  district,  on  a  small  navigable  river,  near 
the  sea,  70  miles  S.  of  Chittagong.  Pop.  4280.  The  houses 
stand  on  piles  and  are  surrounded  with  verandas. 

Cox's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
of  Cox's  Creek  township,  1022. 

Cox's  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  37  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cox's  Iianding,  a  post-office  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Barboursville. 

Cox's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Cox's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  hM  a 
church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Cox's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Cox's  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah  Mountains,  in  Utah, 
near  the  S.  border  of  Uintah  oo.,  Wyoming.  It  rises  like 
an  immense  dome,  13,250  feet  above  tide- water.  Its  top  is 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Cox's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Charles  oo.,  Md.,  oa 


oox 


970 


CRA 


the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  from  Pope's  Creek,  and  1  mile  from  the  Po- 
tomac River.     It  has  a  large  hall,  a  hotel,  a  store,  <S!0. 

Cox  Station,  in  Stafford  township.  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  is 
on  the  Tuckerton  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

Cox'ton,  a  station  in  Wyoming  co..  Pa,,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania &  New  York  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Tunk- 
hannock,  and  on  the  Susquehanna  River. 

Cox'ville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala. 

Coxville,  a  post-office  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C. 

Cox'wold,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  a  railway,  5  miles  N.  of  Easingwold.     Pop.  321. . 

Coyacaii)  ko-y&-kin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  on  a  small 
stream  flowing  into  Laguna  de  Oxoehomilco,  10  miles  S.  of 
the  capital. 

Coyle,  or  Koelj  koil,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  Chuta- 
Nagpoor,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  20°  47' 
N. ;  Ion.  85°  20'  E.  Total  course,  about  300  miles.  It  is 
often  called  the  South  Coyle,  to  distinguish  it  from  a  much 
smaller  river  of  the  same  name.  It  has  various  local 
names,  but  in  the  Cuttack  district  is  generally  called  Brah- 
many.  Drainage-area,  3600  square  miles.  Its  navigation 
is  important. 

Coyle,  a  small  town  in  British  India,  on  an  island  in 
the  Jumna,  6  miles  S.  of  Muttra,  and  rendered  conspicuous 
by  its  numerous  mosques,  turrets,  and  pinnacles. 

Coyleville,  koil'vll,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa., 
about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Coy'ner's  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Botetourt  co., 
Va.,  2  of  a  niilo  from  Bonsacks  Railroad  Station. 

Coyote,  kg-yo'ti,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  San  Jos6. 

Coyote,  a  station  in  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  W.N.W,  of  Hays  City. 

Coyote,  a  village  of  Mora  co.,  New  Mexico,  on  the 
Coyote  River,  115  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  blankets  and  flour. 

Coy'tee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Little  Tennessee  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Lenoir's  Station.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

Coytesrille,  koits'vil,  or  Coyteville,  a  village  of 
Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ridgefield  township,  on  the  Hudson, 
near  the  Palisades,  10  miles  above  New  York,  and  2  miles 
from  Leoiia.     It  has  a  church. 

Coy'ville,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ver- 
digris township,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  32  miles 
S.W.  of  Neosho  Falls.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Co'zad,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co..  Neb.,  is  on  or 
near  the  Platte  River  (here  crossed  by  a  long  bridge),  and 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles  W.  of  Kearney 
Junction.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  542. 

Cozad'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Cozes,  koz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure, 
43  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1828. 

Coznmel  (ko-zoo-mil')  Island,  ofi°  the  E.  coast  of 
Yucatan.  Lat.  20°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  41'  W.  It  is  24  miles 
in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  7  miles  in  width. 

Cozzens,  kuz'zens,  or  Cozzens  Landing,  a  vil- 
lage in  Cornwall  township.  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
Bon,  51  miles  above  New  York,  and  1  mile  below  West  Point. 

Crabb's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Brandon  township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baldwin  Station.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crab  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C, 
40  miles  N.  of  Greenville,  S.C.     Pop.  607. 

Crab  Island,  in  the  West  Indies.     See  Vieque. 

Crab  Island,  of  South  America.    See  Cangrejos. 

Crab  Island  is  situated  10  miles  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Madagascar.     Lat.  21°  4'  S. 

Crab  Island,  of  British  Guiana,  is  situated  in  lat.  6° 
21  N.,  Ion.  57°  33'  W. 

Crab  Or'chard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  111., 
about  25  miles  E.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
gaw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Louis- 
Tille,  and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  college,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  in  1890,  453. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post- village  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  about 
83  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
fiour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb., 
about  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Teoumseh.  It  has  3  churchtts, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  229. 


Crab  Orchard,  a  township  in  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1522. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post-office  of  Leo  co.,  Va. 

Crab'ster,  a  station  on  the  Frederick  A  Pennsylvania 
Line  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Taneytown,  Md. 

Crab  Tree,  a  post-township  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  1048. 

Crab  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Unity  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Latrobe.    It  has  2  churches. 

Cracatoa,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Krakatoa. 

Crach,  kr4sh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  L'Orient.     Pop.  1826. 

Crackle's,  krS.k'rz,  a  railroad  station  in  Edwards  co. 
111.,  between  Mt.  Carmel  and  Albion,  2  miles  E.  of  Albion. 

Cracow,  or  Krakow,  kri'k6  (Polish,  Krakdw,  kri'- 
koof;  Ger.  Krakau,  kr&'kow;  Fr.  Kracovie,  or  Cracovie, 
kri^koVee'  j  L.  Gracchop'olis,  Corrodu'num,  and  Oraco'- 
via),  a  city  and  ancient  capital  of  Poland,  more  recently 
the  capital  of  the  republic  of  Cracow,  but  now  in  Austrian 
Galicia,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Vistula,  which 
separates  it  from  the  suburb  of  Podgorze,  on  a  railway  con- 
necting it  with  Vienna,  Berlin,  and  Warsaw,  158  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  Lat.  50°  3'  59"  N. ;  Ion.  19°  51'  50" 
E.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  47°,  winter,  27°,  sum 
mer,  66°  Fahr.  It  is  irregularly  built  and  greatly  dilapi- 
dated. It  has  many  venerable  and  historically  interesting 
edifices, — viz.,  the  castle,  founded  a.d.  700,  a  magnificent 
cathedral,  containing  20  chapels  and  the  tombs  of  the  most 
celebrated  Polish  kings,  the  bishop's  palace,  and  council- 
house  ;  a  university,  founded  in  1364,  has  attached  to  it  a 
botanic  garden,  an  observatory,  and  a  library  with  140,000 
printed  volumes  and  many  MSS.  Cracow  has  also  a  normal 
school,  a  gymnasium,  school  of  arts,  and  academy  of  paint- 
ing. It  has  some  fine  works  of  art,  considerable  manufac- 
tures of  cloth,  leather,  Ac,  a  large  trade  by  rail  and  river, 
and  an  active  mining  industry, — zinc,  coal,  and  iron  being 
obtained  near  it.  Pop.  in  1890,  76,025.  Near  it  are  the 
mounds  said  to  mark  the  tomb  of  the  founder  of  the  city  in 
the  eighth  century,  and  about  3  miles  W.  is  a  vast  tumulus  to 

the  memory  of  Kosciusko,  120  feet  in  elevation. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Cracovian,  kri-ko've-an. 

Crad'dockville,  a  village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  near 
Chesapeake  Bay.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  plough-factory,  <tc. 

Cradock  Hill,  in  England.     See  Caer-Caradoc. 

Cradoo,  kri^doo',  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  coast  of 
Guinea,  in  the  kingdom  of  Jaboo,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Palmar  River  with  the  lake  or  lagoon  of  Cradoo.  Lat.  6° 
38'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  56'  E.  The  Lake  of  Cradoo,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  which  the  town  is  situated,  is  about  50  miles  in  length, 
and  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a  narrow  channel,  at  its 
W.  end,  called  Lagos  River. 

Craf'ton,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  about  700. 

Crafton,  a  post-village  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  60  miles  from 
Fort  Worth.  It  has  an  academy  and  4  church  organiza- 
tions.    Pop.  150. 

Crafts'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Craftsbury  township,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1271. 

Craitsville,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Crag'gie  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  26 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Craig,  krig,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  381  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Craig's  Creek.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  New  Castle.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2942;  in  1880,  3794;  in  1890,  3835. 

Craig,  a  post-village  of  Routt  co..  Col.,  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Hahn's  Peak.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  400. 

Craig,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  63  miles  S.E.  of  East  St. 
Louis. 

Craig,  a  post-hamlet,  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Craig,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  45  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  503. 

Craig,  a  post-village  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  9  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  N.  of  Texamah.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  290, 

Craighead,  kr&g'bed,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 


u 


CRA 


971 


CRA 


Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  668  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Francis  and  Cache  Rivers,  and  contains 
a  large  lake,  which  is  an  expansion  of  the  former  river. 
The  surface  is  level  and  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  pork  are  staples.  The  Kansas  City,  Fort 
Scott  &  Memphis  and  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
roads traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Jonesborough.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4677;  in  1880,  7037;  in  1890,  12,025. 

Craighead'S)  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
South  Mountain  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Carlisle. 

Craighursty  krd.g'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co., 
Ontario,  13  miles  N.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  150. 

Craigie^  kra'ghee,  a  mining  borough  of  Talbot  co.,  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  40  miles  N.  of  Ballarat.     Pop.  1734. 

Craigmillar  (krig-mil'l^r)  Castle,  a  picturesque 
ruin,  CO.  and  3  miles  S.  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  It  was 
formerly  a  royal  residence. 

Craigneish,  krig'nish,  a  maritime  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  on  a  peninsula  N.  of  Jura  Sound,  19  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Inverary.     Pop.  of  parish,  481. 

Craignethan  (kr^g-n^th'an)  Castle  is  a  fine  ruin 
of  Scotland,  co.  and  S.W.  of  Lanark,  on  the  river  Nethan. 

Craig-Phadric,  krig-fid'rik,  a  lofty  hill  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  and  near  Inverness,  having  extensive  remains  of  an 
ancient  fortress  of  vitrified  stones. 

Craig's  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Montgomery  co., 
runs  northeastward,  drains  part  of  Craig  co.,  and  enters 
the  James  River  in  Botetourt  co.    It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

Craig's  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Craig's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Powell's  River. 

Craigs'holm,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fergus.     Pop.  300. 
>   Craig's  Mills,  a  post- office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Craigs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
looming  Grove  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Newburg 
iranch),  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Craigsville,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  8 
piles  N.W.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Craigsville,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Craigsville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Hiesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton. 
't  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  quarry  of  marble. 

Craig'vale,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  6 
niles  S.E.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  100. 

Crail,  krile,  a  decayed  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
?ife,  on  the  North  Sea,  9  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Andrew's.  It 
las  many  massive  and  antique  houses,  an  ancient  church, 
md  some  remains  of  a  royal  palace.  Pop.  1126.  It  existed 
as  a  town  in  the  ninth  century,  and  was  called  Caryll. 

Crainesville,  kranz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman 
CO.,  Tenn.,  1  mile  from  Big  Hatchie  River,  and  11  miles 
E.  of  Bolivar.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Crain's  (kranz)  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Warren  township,  4  miles  from  South  Columbia. 

Crainville,  kran'vil,  a  village  in  Williamson  co..  111., 
on  the  Carbondale  &  Shawneetown  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of 
Carbondale.     Here  are  beds  of  coal. 

Craiova,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Krajova. 

Cra'ley,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  11  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar- factory. 

Cramahe,  Ontario.     See  Colborne. 

Cramaux,  a  town  of  France.     See  Carmaux. 

Cramer's  (kra'm^rz)  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Stockton  township,  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Camden  &  Burlington 
County  Railroad,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden.  It  is  gen- 
erally called  East  Camden.     It  baa  3  churches. 

Cram'lington,atownof  England,  in  Northumberland, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle.     Pop.  of  parish,  4167. 

Cramp'ton's  Gap,  a  pass  in  the  South  Mountain 
Range,  near  Burkittsville,  Md.,  in  Frederick  co.  It  was 
the  scene  of  the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  Sept.  14,  1862. 

Cran'berry,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Westminster. 

Cranberry,  New  Jersey.     See  Cranbury. 

Cranberry,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  oo.,  N.C.,  24 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Elizabethtown,  Tenn.  It  has  an  iron- 
furnace.     Pop,  about  300. 

Cranberry,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  0. 

Cranberry,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1281. 
/t  contains  New  Washington. 

Cranberry,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  i  mile  W.  of  Hazleton.  Here  are  mines 
of  anthracite  coal. 

Cranberry,  a  post-township  of  Venango  oo.,  Pa.,  U 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  the  Alleghany  River,  which 


separates  it  from  Oil  City  and  also  from  Franklin.    Gnui< 
berry  Post-Office  is  at  Salina.     Pop.  2337. 

Cranberry,  or  Cranberry  Summit,  a  village  of 
Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  38 
miles  E.  of  Grafton.  In  the  vicinity  are  4  churches. 
Shocks,  spars,  staves,  and  lumber  are  manufactured  here. 

Cranberry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  Railroad,  10  milei 
N.E.  of  Gloversville.  It  has  a  church,  a  lime-kUn,  and  » 
saw-mill. 

Cranberry  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C., 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Johnson  City,  Tenn.  Here  is  a  mine  o*" 
superior  iron  ore,  also  an  iron-forge. 

Cranberry  Isles,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me. 
The  Cranberry  Isles  are  a  group  of  five  small  islands  S.  o*" 
Mount  Desert  Island.     Here  is  a  church.     Pop.  350. 

Cranberry  Lake,  Now  York,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  St. 
Lawrence  co.  The  Oswegatchie  River  issues  from  this  lake, 
which  is  about  6  miles  long  and  1570  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cranberry  Mines,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Oil  City  &  Ridgway  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Cranberry  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Cranberry  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer 
CO.,  0.,  in  Granville  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Cranborne,  kran'b9rn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dor 
set,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wimborne-Minster,  and  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Salisbury.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated,  and 
has  some  remains  of  a  castle,  and  an  ancient  church,  origi- 
nally part  of  a  priory.     Pop.  of  parish,  2562. 

Cran'bonrne,  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec, 
45  miles  S.E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills, 
and  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  300. 

Cran'brook,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  London,  on  a  brook  called  the  Crane.  Pop.  of 
parish,  4331. 

Cranbrook,  or  Grey,  a  village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario, 
27  miles  E.  of  Goderich.  It  has  several  limestone-quarries, 
4  churches,  and  good  water-power.     Pop.  250. 

Cran'bury,  or  Cranberry,  a  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  about  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  H 
miles  from  Cranbury  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  school 
called  the  Brainerd  Institute,  a  money-order  post-office,  a 
bank,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  1422. 

Cranbury  Brook,  New  Jersey,  runs  westward  in 
Middlesex  co.,  and  enters  the  Millstone  River  3  miles  S.B. 
of  Princeton. 

Cran'dall,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Crandall,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0. 

Crandall,  a  post-village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  11  milet 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Kaufman.  It  has  several  oharch  or- 
ganizations and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  in  1890,  251. 

Cran'dell's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Schaghticoke  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  about  10  houses. 

Cran'don,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Forest  co..  Wis., 
13  miles  E.  of  Monico.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  saw-mills,  Jfcc.     Pop.  150. 

Crane,  kran,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  traversed 
by  the  Maumee  River.     Pop.  1417.     It  contains  Antwerp. 

Crane,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  4903. 

Crane  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Howard  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  Chickasaw  co.,  and  enters  the  Turkey 
River  in  Fayette  co.,  about  6  miles  N.  of  West  Union. 

Crane  Creek,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.,  bounded 
S.  by  the  Sangamon  River.     Pop.  706. 

Crane  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Cullman. 

Crane  Island,  or  Isle  aux  Grues,  eel  S  grii,  an 
island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Cap  St.  Ignace,  Quebec 
Lat.  47°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  33'  W.     Pop.  639. 

Crane  (or  Crain's)  Mountain,  New  York,  is  in  War- 
ren CO.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  is  3289 
feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Crane  Neck,  a  locality  in  Brookhaven  township,  Suf 
folk  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Smithtown  Bay,  Long 
Island.     Much  gravel  is  shipped  hence  by  water. 

Crane  Nest,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Crane  River,  Arkansas,  intersects  Arkansas  oo.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  White  River  about  12 
miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Crane's,  a  station  in  Bristol  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Mansfield  to  Taunton,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Taunton. 

Crane's  Forge,  a  post-village  of  Assumption  pariah, 
La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  7  miles  S.W.  of  DonaldsonvillA 
It  has  6  stores,  and  manufactures  of  sugar. 

Crane's  Mill,  a  poet-offioe  of  Comal  oc,  Tex.,  on  Qw^ 
aalupe  River. 


CRA 


972 


CKA 


Crane's  Nest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickenson  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Clintwood. 

Cranesville,  kranz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crauesville,  a  hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  Elk  Creek 
township,  2  miles  from  Albion.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Cranesville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  ?.C.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Pee  Dee  Bridge.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Cranesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.Va.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cranetown,  a  village  of  New  Jersey.    See  Iona. 

Cra'ney  Island,  in  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  lies  W.  of  the 
entrance  to  Elizabeth  River.  Craney  Island  Light  stands 
in  the  water  on  iron  piles,  and  is  50  feet  high.  Lat.  36°  53' 
28"  N. ;  Ion.  76"  21'  W.  The  island  has  government  pow- 
der-magazines. 

Cran'ford,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  in  Cran- 
ford  township,  on  the  Rahway  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  5  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  17 
miles  from  New  York.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  ofBce, 
and  the  Cranford  Institute. 

Cran^ganore',  a  maritime  town  of  Southern  India, 
rajahship  and  16  miles  N.  of  Cochin,  on  the  backwater  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  formerly  possessed  by  the  Portuguese 
and  later  by  the  Dutch. 

Cran'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Guildford.     Pop.  of  parish,  1830. 

Crans'ton,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
W.  of  Narragansett  Bay,  contains  various  manufacturing 
villages,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Hartford,  Providence  <fe 
Fishkill  and  Providence  &  Stonington  Railroads.     P.  5088. 

Cranston  Print-Works,  a  post-village  of  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  in  Cranston  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence 
A  Fishkill  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  calico  and  woollens.    P.  1663. 

Cra'ny,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.  W.  Va. 

Craon,  kra'6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  on  the 
Oudon,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Laval.     Pop.  3874. 

Craonne,  kri^onn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Laon.  Pop.  755.  Here,  March  7,  1814,  the 
army  under  BlUcher  was  routed  by  Napoleon. 

Crapaud,  kr4^po',  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  24  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  card- 
ing- and  grist-mills,  carriage-factories,  stores,  Ac.  Pop.  300. 

Cra'po,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Craponne,  kr8,^pfinn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  19  miles  N.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  3847.  It  has  manu- 
factories of  lace  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Cra'ry's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lime. 

Cra'ryville,  or  North  Copake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Copake  township,  on  the  New  York  & 
Harlem  Railroad,  112  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  is  Craryville  Post-Office. 

Cra'ter,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  boubded  E.  by 
the  Illinois  River.     Pop.  564. 

Crati,  kri'tee  (anc.  Cra'this),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  the 
province  of  Calabria  Citra,  rises  in  the  forest  of  Sila,  flows 
N.  and  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Cassano.  Total  course,  about  50  miles.  Its  chief  afflu- 
ents are  the  Coscile  and  Busento. 

Crato,  kri'to  (anc.  Isentof),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  near  the  Ervedal,  11  miles  W.  of  Portalegre. 
Pop.  3000.     It  was  formerly  an  important  fortress. 

Crato,  kri-to,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Cearfi,  180  miles 
S.  of  Fortaleza. 

Craughwell,  kraw'well,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Galway. 

Cra'ven,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  792  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Neuse  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Pamlico  Sound. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  pitch-pine,  from  which  tar  and  turpentine  are  procured. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlantic  &  North 
Carolina  Railroad,  which  connects  it  with  the  seashore  and 
the  interior.  Capital,  Newbern.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,516; 
in  1880,  19,729;  in  1890,  20,533. 

Craw'fish  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Columbia  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Dodge  oo.,  and  passes  into  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  in  which  it  flows  nearly  southward.  It  enters 
Bock  River  at  the  village  of  Jefierson. 


Crawfish  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga., 
13  miles  S.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Craw'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  582  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  od  the  S. 
by  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high 
hills  or  mountains,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith,  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain &  Southern,  and  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroads, 
which  communicate  with  Van  Buren,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8957;  in  1880,  14,740;  in  1890,  21,714. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  324  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Echaconnee  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Flint 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  partly  covered 
with  pine  forests ;  the  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian  corn. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlanta  &,  Florida  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Knoxville,  the  capital.  The  Central 
Railroad  of  Georgia  crosses  the  extreme  S.  portion  of  the 
county.    Pop.  in  1870,  7557;  in  1880,  8656;  in  1890,  9315. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  452  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  intersected  in  the  S.W.  part 
by  the  Embarras  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  Indiana  & 
Illinois  Southern  Railroads,  which  pass  through  Robinson, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,889 ;  in  1880, 
16,197;  in  1890,  17,283. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  also  drained  by  Blue  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  rock  next  to  the  surface  is  limestone.  It  is  in- 
tersected from  E.  to  W.  by  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Leavenworth.  Pop.  in  1870,  9851; 
in  1880,  12,356;  in  1890,  13,941. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Boyer  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Soldier  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&,  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Denison.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2530;  in  1875,  6039;  in  1880,  12,413;  in  1890,  18,894. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  592  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several 
small  affluents  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  by  Willow  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  groves  of  elm,  hickory,  hackberry,  oak,  walnut,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock 
are  the  staples.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Satita  F6, 
Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis,  and  St.  Louis  &  San 
Francisco  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Qirard, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,8160;  in  1875, 
9386;  in  1880,  16,851 ;  in  1890,  30,286. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Au  Sable 
and  Manistee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Grayling, 
the  capital  of  the  county.    Pop.  in  1880,  1159 ;  in  1890,  2962. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Mis- 
souri. Area,  710  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Meramec  River,  and  partly  drained  by  several  creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and  hills,  and  forests 
of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron, 
copper,  and  lead  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Steelville 
Pop.  in  1870,  7982;  in  1880,  10,756;  in  1890,  11,961. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ohio 
Area,  393  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sandusky, 
Huron,  and  Whetstone  Rivers,  which  rise  within  its  limits. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian 
corniferous  limestone  crops  out  here.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad  an  I 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Bucyra*. 
Pop.  in  1870,  25,556;  in  1880,  30,583;  in  1890,  31,927. 


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CraAVfordy  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  1010  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  French  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Con- 
neaut,  Shenango,  and  Oil  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar- 
maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  lumber,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  its  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  3  railroads, — the  Atlantic  i  Great  Western,  the  Erie 
it  Pittsburg,  and  the  Buffalo,  Corry  &  Pittsburg.  Devonian 
siindstone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Meadville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  63,832;  in  1880,  68,607;  in  1890,  66,324. 

Crawford)  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  535  square  miles.  It  ia  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Kickapoo.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  The  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.  border  of  this  county. 
Good  magnesian  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  is  abundant 
here.  Capital,  Prairie  du  Chien.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,075; 
in  1880, 15,644;  in  1890,  15,987. 

Crawford)  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Selma  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Selma. 

Crawford)  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  about  80 
miles  E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Crawford)  a  post-village  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  3  miles 
W.  from  Lexington,  and  18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Athens. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  cigax-factory,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Crawford)  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  830. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1088.     It  includes  Crawfordsville. 

Crawford)a  township  of  Cherokee  CO.,  Kan.  Pop.  885. 
I  Crawford)  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
•1560,  exclusive  of  Girard,  the  county  seat. 

Crawford)  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111. 

Crawford)  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
inbout  24  miles  N.  of  Machias.     Pop.  1.40. 

Crawford)  a  post-office  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich. 
,     Crawford)  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co..  Miss.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Artesia.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  in  1890,  225. 

Crawford)  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1359. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3337. 

Crawford)  a  post-village  of  Dawes  co..  Neb.,  26  miles 
fcy  rail  S.E.  of  Chadron.  It  has  2  churches,  3  banks,  2 
piewspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  brick,  cigars,  <tc.  P.  571. 

Crawford)  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y. 

Crawford)  a  township  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  2135. 

Crawford)  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1150. 

Crawford,  a  post-township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2622.     It  contains  the  village  of  Carey. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  440. 

Crawford)  a  station  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  Shoup's 
Branch  of  the  Huntingdon  A  Broad  Top  Railroad,  29  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Huntingdon. 

Crawford)  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  95 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Waco. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-gin,  and  a 
mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Crawford)  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Offa. 

Crawford  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa. 

Crawford  House,-  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  27  miles  N.W.  of 
North  Conway.  It  is  at  the  Notch  among  the  White  Moun- 
tains, li  miles  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Willard,  and  10 
miles  from  the  base  of  Mount  Washington.  Here  is  a  large 
and  elegant  hotel  with  rooms  for  250  guests. 

Crawford  Junction,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  station 
^n  the  Middletown  &  Crawford  Railroad  at  its  junction  with 
the  Midland  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Middletown,  and  1 
mile  E.  of  Fair  Oaks.     It  has  a  creamery. 

Crawford'S)  a  station  in  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Buf- 
falo, Bradford  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Carroll- 
ton,  N.Y. 

Crawford'S)  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Sharon 
Junction. 

Crawford's  Quarry)  a  post-village  in  Rogers  town- 
ship, Presque  Isle  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  80  miles  E. 
of  Petoskey.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw -mill,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Crawford's  Station)  N.II.    See  Crawford  House. 

Crawford  Station)  Scotland  co.,  Mo.     See  Fabius. 

Craw'fordsvillB)  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  oo., 
Ark,,  a  few  miles  from  Memphis,  Tenn. 


Crawfordhvilie,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the   capital  of 

Montgomery  co.,  is  on  Sugar  Creek,  on  the  Louisville,  Neif 
Albany  &  Chicago  Kailroud  where  it  crosses  the  Indianap> 
olis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Logana- 
port,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  44  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Lafayette.  It 
has  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  state  bank,  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  coffins,  wire  fences,  hubs  and  spokes, 
barrels,  4  foundries,  and  4  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Wabash  College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in 
1834,  and  has  13  professors  and  a  library  of  25,000  vol- 
umes.    Pop.  in  1880,  5251 ;  in  1890,  6089. 

Crawfordsville)  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo., 
Iowa,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Crawfordsville,  Lowndes  oo..  Miss.     See  Crawford. 

Crawfordsville)  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon, 
about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  church  organi- 
zations and  a  sash-  and  door-factory. 

Crawfordville)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wakulla  co., 
Fla.,  on  or  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Mark's.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw- mills,  2  cotton-gins, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  327. 

Crawfordville)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taliaferro 
CO.,  Ga.,  64  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
in  1890,  584. 

Crawfordville)  a  post- village  of  Spartanburg  co., 
S.C.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cotton-factory. 

Cray'ford)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  8  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Greenwich.  Here  are  works  for  printing 
shawls,  cravats,  handkerchiefs,  <fco. 

CreagerstowU)  kree'gh^rz-tSwn,  a  post-Tillage  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Frederick.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Creal  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  111., 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Cream  Ridge,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.    It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  956. 

Cream  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J., 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hightstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Cr6ances,  kri^ANss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manohe,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  2034. 

Cr^cy,  or  Cressy)  kres'see  (Fr.  pron.  kri^see'),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Somme,  10  miles  N.  of  Abbeville,  on  the  Maye, 
famous  for  the  victory  gained  here,  August  26, 1346,  by  the 
troops  of  England  over  a  large  French  army.    Pop.  1614. 

Cr^cy-sur-SerrC)  kri^see'-sUB-saiR,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aisne,  10  miles  N.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1958. 

Cr^diU)  krd.^d&N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1728. 

Cre'ditoU)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the 
Crede,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Exe,  8  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Exeter.  It  has  a  noble  church,  a  flourishing  gram- 
mar-school founded  by  Edward  VI.,  a  blue-coat  school,  and 
other  well-endowed  charities.  It  has  large  manufactures 
of  shoes.     Pop.  4222. 

Cre'ditoU)  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Luoan.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
hotels,  a  flax-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Cree)  a  river  in  the  W.  of  Scotland,  joins  Wigtown  Bay 
by  the  estuary  Loch  Cree.     Length,  20  miles. 

Creede)  a  mining  post-town,  said  to  be  in  a  triangular 
tract  between  the  counties  of  Hinsdale,  Rio  Grande,  and 
Saguache,  Col.  It  is  about  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Del 
Norte,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  and  has 
mines  of  silver  and  copper,  a  church  organization,  3  banks, 
and  6  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  8000. 

Creed'moor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  with 
a  station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  12  miles 
E.  of  New  York  City.     Here  is  an  extensive  rifle-range. 

Creek  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 

Creek  Indians,  or  Muscogees,  mus-ko'gheez,  for- 
merly a  powerful  tribe,  in  Georgia  and  Alabama.  Their 
number  was  much  reduced  by  the  war  of  1814,  and  most 
of  the  survivors  removed  beyond  the  Mississippi.  They 
have  made  considerable  progress  in  civilization. 

Creek  Locks,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rosendale  township,  3  miles  from  Rosendale  village.  It 
has  a  church,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  cement,  the  ma- 
terial for  which  is  quarried  here. 

Creek'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Crooked  Creek,  6  miles  N.  of  Indiana.  '  It  has  a  ehuroh. 


CRE 


9?4 


CUE 


Creek  Town,  a  village  of  Guinea,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Old  Calabar  River,  70  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Creels'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Jamestown. 

Cree'morCj  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Mad  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  New  Lowell.     Pop.  300. 

Cree'town,  or  Ferrytown  of  Cree,  a  burgh  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Kirkcudbright,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cree  in 
Wigtown  Bay,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wigtown.     Pop.  805. 

Crefeld,  or  Krefeld,  kri'ffilt,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  is  the  principal 
town  for  the  manufacture*  of  silk  goods,  velvets,  ribbons, 
and  taffetas.  Here  are  also  manufactures  of  woollen,  cot- 
ton, and  linen  fabrics,  lace,  oil-cloths,  Ac.,  with  potteries, 
tanneries,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  62,905. 

Creighton,  kri'tQn,  a  post- village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Harrisonville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  grain- 
elevator,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  308. 

CreightoUf  a  post-village  of  Enox  co..  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Verdigris,  and  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Niobrara.  It  hsw  6  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  academies,  a  creamery,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  822. 

Creighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  10  families. 

Creighton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  plate-glass,  brick,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Creil,  kril  or  kri'y?,  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  on  the 
Gise,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  N.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
5438.  It  was  formerly  strongly  fortified,  and  has  remains 
of  an  old  royal  palace  on  an  island  in  the  river,  porcelain- 
and  glass-works,  and  some  trade  in  oil,  timber,  and  corn. 

Crema,  kri'mi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  on  the 
Serio,  25  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Milan.  It  is  enclosed  by 
old  fortifications,  is  well  built,  and  has  several  handsome 
churches  and  palaces.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  hats, 
thread,  and  silk.  Crema  was  founded  by  some  Longobards 
who  fled  from  the  cruelties  of  Alboin,  the  first  Lombard  king 
of  Italy.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  8154. 

Cremeaux,  kr§h*mo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1566. 

Cr^mien,  kr4^mo-uh'  (ano.  Gremiactimf),  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Is4re,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1871. 

Cremmen,  krfim'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 26  miles  N.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2841. 

Cremnitz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Kremnitz. 

Cremona,  kre-mo'na  (It.  pron.  kri-mo'ni),  a  fortified 
oity  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Cremona,  on  the  Po, 
at  a  railway  junction,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Milan.  Pop.  30,508. 
It  is  handsomely  built,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  numerous 
other  churches  rich  in  works  of  art.  Close  by  the  cathedral 
is  theTorazzo,  the  loftiest  and  most  beautiful  tower  in  Italy, 
896  feet  in  elevation,  having  490  steps  to  the  bell-story; 
also  a  fine  baptistery,  city  hall,  theatres,  barracks,  hospitals, 
and  charitable  institutions.  Some  of  the  ancient  palaces  of 
Cremona  are  beautiful  specimens  of  architecture.  There 
were  formerly  many  convents  here,  but  most  of  them  arc  de- 
molished. It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  civil,  criminal, 
and  commercial  tribunals,  a  lyceum,  gymnasium,  and  a  pub- 
lic library.  Its  infant  schools  were  the  first  established  in 
Italy.  Its  violins  and  other  musical  instruments  formerly 
had  a  world-wide  reputation,  but  the  manufacture  of  these 
articles  has  now  declined.  Cremona  has  flourishing  manu- 
factures of  silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  porcelain,  dyes,  and 
ehemical  products.  In  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  cen- 
turies it  was  the  seat  of  a  highly  meritorious  school  of 
painting.     It  has  a  good  trade  by  rail  and  river. 

Cremona  was  known  to  the  ancient  Romans  under  its 
present  name.  It  had  been  colonized  by  the  Romans,  and 
subsequently  became  a  populous  town.  After  the  fall  of  the 
empire  it  shared  the  fate  of  the  other  cities  of  Lombardy, 
and  eventually  fell  under  the  dominion  of  the  Visconti  of 
Milan. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cremonese,  kr4m^o-neez'. 

Cremona,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy.  Area, 
670  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful  region,  watered  by  the 
Po.    Capital,  Cremona.     Pop.  300,595. 

Cren'shaw,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Conecuh  and  Patsaliga  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  long-leaf  pine ; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad.  Capital,  Rutledge.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,156;  in  1880,  11,726;  in  1890,  15,425. 

Crenshaw,  a  mining  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Brockwayville.     It  has  a  church. 


Creo'la,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  A 
Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Cre'ole,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Crepsa,  the  ancient  name  of  Cherso. 

Cr6py,  kri^pee',  or  Crespy  (L.  Oreepiacum),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Oise,  13  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Senlis.  Pop.  2646. 
It  has  a  handsome  church,  the  remains  of  an  old  castle, 
manufactures  of  fine  cotton  fabrics,  coarse  linens,  laoe, 
paper,  and  leather,  monthly  markets,  and  two  annual  fairs. 

Cr6py-en-Laonoi8,  kri*pee'-6N»-li^o'nw4',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1758. 

Cres'cent,  a  township  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.   Pop.  977. 

Crescent,  Iroquois  co..  III.     See  Crescent  City. 

Crescent,  a  post-village  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Crescent,  a  stiition  inTerre  Bonne  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Houma  Branch  of  the  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  60 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  from  New  Orleans. 

Crescent,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Half 
Moon  township,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  1  mile  from  Crescent  Station,  and  about  14  miles  N. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  church,  and  an  academy. 
The  canal  here  crosses  the  river  on  an  aqueduct  1185  feet 
long,  which  cost  $500,000.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Crescent,  a  station  in  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bellairo 
<fe  St.  Clairsville  Railroad,  3  miles  from  St.  Clairsville. 

Crescent,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  364. 

Crescent,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 

Crescent,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, at  Pond  Eddy  Station,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite 
Pond  Eddy,  N.Y.     Here  is  a  quarry  of  bluestone. 

Crescent  City,  the  capital  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  275  miles  by  water  N.  of  San  Francisco, 
and  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  Oregon.  It  haa 
2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber, the  largest  export.  Here  is  a  lighthouse,  lat.  41°  44' 
34"  N.,  Ion.  124°  11'  22"  W.     Pop.  in  1S90,  907. 

Crescent  City,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Como,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Palatka. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  oil-soap  factory,  and  saw-mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  554. 

Crescent  City,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co..  III.,  in 
Crescent  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Rail- 
road, 93  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  tile.     Pop.  about  500. 

Crescentino,  kri-shin-tee'no  (anc.  Quadra'taf),  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vercelli,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Dora  Baltea  with  the  Po.  Pop.  6299. 
It  has  a  church  of  the  eighth  century,  manufactures  of  silk 
and  woollens,  and  Roman  remains. 

Cres'cent  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  is  one  of  the  most 
easterly  of  Dangerous  Archipelago.  Lat.  23°  20'  S. ;  Ion. 
134°  35'  W.     It  is  3i  miles  in  length. 

Crescent  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  oo.,  Cal. 

Cres'centville,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  and  is  8  miles  N. 
by  E  of  Independence  Hall,  on  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown 
A  New  York  Railroad. 

Cres'co,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Vernon  Springs  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  150  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  about 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charles  City,  and  48  miles  W.  of 
Lansing.  It  has  2  banks,  7  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
Catholic  parochial  school,  a  high  school,  2  iron-foundries,  a 
flour  mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.  Four 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2018 ; 
of  the  township,  2682. 

Cresco,  a  township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  415. 

Cresco,  a  post-village  jf  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  about  13 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Stroudsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  public  schools.     Pop.  100. 

Crespano,  kres-pi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  2598. 

Crespiacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Cr^pt. 

Crespino,  krfis-pee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Venice.  Pop.  4247,  chiefly  engaged  in 
trade  on  the  river. 

Crespy,  a  town  of  France.    See  Crept. 

Cres'sey,  a  station  in  Mercer  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Visalia 
division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Merced. 

Cres'sey's   Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,      I 
Mich.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Argenta  Station.     It  has  a  church.        \ 

Cress'kill,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  17  miles  N.  of  New  York. 


CRE  975 

And  2  miles  W.  of  the  Palisades.     It  has  an  academy,  a  car- 
llnage-factorj,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

1^  Cres'soii)  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Cambria 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  near  the  summit  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
11  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Ebenaburg.  The  Cambria  &, 
Clearfield  Railroad  connects  here  with  the  main  line.  The 
beauty  of  the  scenery,  reputation  of  the  mineral  springs, 
and  purity  of  the  air  render  it  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Cresson,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Cleburne.     It  has  a  church. 

Cresso'na^  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  about 
3  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Potts ville,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Read- 
ing. It  is  supported  chiefly  by  the  coal  business.  It  has 
3  churches,  3  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1481. 

Creasy^  a  village  of  France.    See  Cafcr. 

Crest)  kriat,  a  town  of  France,  in  DrQme,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Dr&me,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Loriol.  Pop. 
4848.  It  has  manufactarcs  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics  and 
printed  cotton  fabrics,  &q. 

Crest,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  7  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  850. 

Crest'ed  Butte,  bute,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Elk 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  53'  N.,  Ion.  106°  66'  W.  It  rises  12,052 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  mainly  composed  of  rhyolite. 

Crested  Batte,  a  post-village  of  Gunnison  co.,  Col., 
18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Gunnison.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  and  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 
Pop.  in  1890,  857. 

_  Crest'line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  7 
Biles  by  rail  E.  of  Columbus. 

BCrestline,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
O^  rail  E.  of  B'ucyrus.  It  has  6  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  bank,  railroad  workshops,  3  planing-mills,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  &c.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2911. 

Cres'ton,  a  station  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad, 
^miles  E.  of  Napa  Junction,  Cal. 

vCreston,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  28  miles  by 
tHW  E.  by  N.  from  Dixon.     It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 

2  churches,  2  grain-elevators,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
Jn  1890,  329. 

vCreston,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  about  37 
Biles  S.  by  E.  of  Hammond.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  200. 
BCreston,  a  post-town  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  0  miles  by 
Hil  W.  of  Afton.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  railroad  which 
fctends  via  Hopkins  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.    It  has  12  <?hurche8, 

3  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  2  wagon -factories,  and  large  machine-shops  and  car- 
krks  of  the  railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  411 ;  in  1880,  5081 ; 
'■'1890,  7200. 

^Creston,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Neb.,  43  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Scribner.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  200. 

Creston,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  14  miles  by 
rail  N.W,  of  Orrville,  and  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Wooster. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  584. 

Cres'tone  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  about  25  miles  N. 
of  Blanca  Peak,  and  about  lat.  37°  55'  N.  It  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,230  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Crest  View,  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  29 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  De  Funiak  Springs.  It  has  3  church 
organizations.     Pop.  100. 

Cres'well,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Col.,  6  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Floyd  Hill  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Spalding  co.,  Ga. 

Cresweil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Ind.,  5  or  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa. 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  about  13 
miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  Marion. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  about  9 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Princeton,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  saw-mill,  ka. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  oo.,  Md.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  canning-factories. 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Creswell,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Plymouth.  It  contains  3  churches  and 
the  Creswell  Academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  202. 

Creswell,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  0.,  17  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Steubenville. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  1 1  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  5  milei 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Columbia. 


CRE 


Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  oo.,  Va.,  19  milM 
N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Cres'wick,  a  borough  of  Talbot  co.,  Victoria,  Australia, 
15  miles  N.  of  Ballarat,  in  a  rich  gold-region.  It  has  a 
general  hospital.     Pop.  3969. 

Crete,  kreet,  or  Candia,  kan'de-§,  (anc.  L.  Ore'ta; 
Qr.  Kp^nj;  Fr.  Candie,  kiN^deo';  Turk.  Kiridi,  kee-ree'- 
dee,  or  Qhirit,  ghee-reef),  a  large  and  famous  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  now  a  vilayet  of  Turkey,  between  lat.  34" 
55'  and  35°  43'  N.  and  Ion.  23°  30'  and  26°  20'  E.  Length, 
150  miles ;  breadth,  from  6  to  35  miles.  Pop.  estimated  at 
200,000.  The  N.  coast,  with  numerous  indentations,  forms 
the  Capes  of  Buzo,  Spada,  Sassoso,  Sidero,  and  the  Bays  or 
Gulfs  of  Kisamos,  Canca  or  Khania,  Suda,  Armyro,  Retinio, 
and  Mirabel.  The  S.  coast  is  lofty,  bordered  by  mountains, 
presenting  few  indentations,  so  that  only  one  marked  prom- 
ontory is  formed.  Cape  Matala  or  Theodia,  and  an  exten 
sive  bay,  that  of  Messara.  It  has  several  good  harbors. 
The  surface  is  mountainous.  Mount  Ida,  near  its  centre, 
rises  to  7674  feet  in  height.  Caverns  are  very  numerous. 
There  are  but  few  plains,  and  no  rivers  or  lakes  of  any 
importance.  The  climate  is,  in  general,  mild  and  healthy, 
the  heats  of  summer  being  tempered  by  a  N.  wind  which 
blows  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  day.  The  only 
useful  minerals  known  to  exist  are  gypsum,  lime,  slate,  and 
whetstone.  Vegetation  is  extremely  luxuriant  in  favorable 
situations,  although  a  great  portion  of  the  soil  is  dry  and 
stony  and  not  well  adapted  for  the  production  of  grain.  In 
many  places,  however,  fruits  and  vegetables  grow  spontii- 
neously,  myrtles  and  rose-laurels  cover  the  banks  of  the 
rivulets,  and  the  plains  and  pastures  are  enamelled  with 
the  most  beautiful  and  fragrant  flowers.  The  principal 
products  are  tobacco,  oil,  oranges,  lemons,  silk,  wine,  raisins, 
carobs,  valonia,  wool,  cotton,  and  honey.  The  manufac- 
tures, which  are  mostly  domestic,  comprise  leather  and 
spirits,  with  coverlets,  sacking,  and  coarse  cloths.  Soap 
is  the  staple  article  of  manufacture.  The  imports  consist 
chiefly  of  cotton  goods  and  other  manufactured  products, 
colonial  goods,  rice,  wheat,  and  barley. 

History. — Crete  was  the  cradle  of  the  civilization  brought 
to  Europe  by  the  Phoenicians  and  Egyptians.  Among  the 
ancient  Cretan  monarchs  were  two  of  the  name  of  Minos, 
one  of  whom  was  esteemed  the  wisest  legislator  of  antiquity. 
In  the  time  of  Homer,  Crete  was  crowded  with  inhabitants 
and  contained  a  great  number  of  flourishing  cities.  The 
original  or  true  Cretans  were  called  Eteocretes,  to  distin- 
guish them  from  the  foreign  settlers,  and  inhabited  the  S. 
division  of  the  island.  For  ten  centuries  Crete  repelled  aU 
foreign  aggression,  but  it  was  at  length  subdued  by  the  Ro- 
mans. The  Latin  emperors  at  Constantinople  ceded  it  to 
the  Marquis  of  Montferrat,  by  whom  it  was  sold  to  the 
Venetians  in  1204.  It  was  afterwards  taken  by  the.  Turks. 
A  large  majority  of  the  people  are  Christians  of  the  Greek 

faith,  and  the  Greek  language  is  in  general  use. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Cretan,  kree'tan,  or  CiUiDiAN,  kan'de-an,  alse 
Candiot  or  Candiote,  kan'de-ot\ 

Crete,  kreet,  a  post-village  of  Will  co.,  HI.,  in  Crete 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad, 
37  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  union  school,  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds,  and 
a  money-order  post-office.    P.  about  700  :  of  township,  1408. 

Crete,  a  city  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Big  Blue  River, 
21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lincoln,  and  11  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  AVilber.  It  has  8  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  bottling-works,  a  theological  sem- 
inary, an  institution  called  Doane  College,  and  public 
graded  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  3283. 

Crete,  a  post-ofiice  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 

Creteil,  kr^h-t&I',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  on  the 
Marne,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2446. 

Creuilly,  kruh^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Caen,  on  the  Seulles.     Pop.  903. 

Creuse,  kruz,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Creuse 
and  Indre,  joins  the  Vienne  12  miles  N.  of  Ch&tellerault, 
after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  nearly  175  miles. 

Creuse,  a  department  in  the  centre  of  France,  situated 
between  the  departments  of  Indre,  Haute- Vienne,  Corrdze, 
Puy-de-D6me,  Allier,  and  Cher.  Area,  2133  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  river  Creuse.  Surface  mostly  moun- 
tainous, and  great  part  of  it  sterile.  Principal  mineral 
product,  coal.  Capital,  Gu6ret.  It  is  divided  into  the  4 
arrondissements  of  Aubusson,  Bourganeuf,  Boussao,  and 
Gu6ret.     Pop.  in  1886,  284,942;  in  1891,  264,660. 

Creutznach,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Kreutzrach. 

Creuzburg,  or  Kreuzbnrg,  kroits'bfifiRa,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Oels.  It  has  largi 
factories.     Pop.  5238. 


ORE 


976 


OKI 


CrfevecflBQr,  or  Crfevecoeur-le- Grand,  kr4«-^krR' 
l^h  griijo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise,  12  miles  N.  of  Beau- 
rais.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  fine  pottery, 
and  an  old  castle  with  beautiful  gardens.     Pop.  2149. 

CrfeveccEur,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Scheldt,  5  miles  S.  of  Cambrai,     Pop.  2020. 

Ct^ve  Coeur,  krSv  kuR,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis 
CO.,  Mo.,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  4^  miles 
from  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  a  noted  fishing-resort.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  400. 

Crevillente,  kri-veel-yfin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Va- 
lencia, 18  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Alicante.  It  possesses  a 
parish  church  and  2  chapels.     Pop.  7800. 

Crewe,  kru,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Liverpool,  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Birmingham, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Chester,  and  166  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  connected  with  the  several  rail- 
ways here  meeting,  and  with  the  construction  of  which  the 
town  has  entirely  sprung  up.  It  consists  mostly  of  houses 
and  neat  cottages  with  gardens,  and  has  a  handsome  station, 
a  fine  hotel,  an  elegant  church,  schools,  lecture-room,  library, 
mechanics'  institute,  baths,  and  numerous  shops.  Here  are 
large  machine-shops,  repair-shops,  and  other  railway  estab- 
lishments.    Pop.  in  1881,  24,385;  in  1891,  28,761. 

Crewe,  a  post- village  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Nottoway  Court-House.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  railroad  machine-shops,  &c. 
Pop.  in  1890,  887. 

Crew'kerne,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Somerset,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Yeovil.  The  town  has  a  fine  cruci- 
form church  in  the  Tudor  style  and  richly  ornamented. 

Crew's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  45 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Jasper,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Ver- 
non.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  normal  college.     Pop.  250. 

Cribb's,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.     See  Middletown. 

Cricha,  a  river  and  city  of  Brazil.     See  Crixa. 

Crichton,  kri't^n,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  Near  it  are  limestone-quarries 
and  the  ruins  of  Crichton  Castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  1223. 

Crickeith,  or  Criccieth,  krik'ith,  a  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Carnarvon,  on  Cardigan  Bay,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Pwllheli.     Pop.  812. 

Crick'et  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mathews  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mathew's  Court-House.  It  has  several 
general  stores,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cricket  River,  Oregon,  ri^iis  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
in  Umatilla  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  Lake  Harney. 

Crick'howell  (Welsh,  Orug-Hywell,  krug-hflb'w^l),  a 
town  of  Wales,  co.  and  12i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brecon,  on 
the  Usk,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  14  arches.  The  town, 
picturesquely  situated,  and  resorted  to  by  tourists  and  in- 
valids, has  the  remains  of  a  castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  1464. 

Crick'lade,  an  old  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on 
the  Isis,  and  on  the  Thames  &  Severn  Canal,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Swindon.  Pop.  1845.  The  new  parliamentary  borough 
includes  several  towns  in  Wiltshire  and  Gloucestershire,  has 
a  pop.  of  43,123,  and  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons. 

Cri'dersville,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in 
Duchouquet  township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan  Railroad, 
65  miles  N.  of  Dayton.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  465 

Crieff,  kreef,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  17  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Earn,  a  tributary  of  the  Tay.  It 
stands  near  the  foot  of  the  Grampians,  is  a  place  of  summer 
resort,  and  has  good  churches,  a  town  house,  several  branch 
banks,  an  elegant  assembly-room,  active  manufactures  of 
cotton,  linen,  worsted  and  woollen  stuffs,  tanneries,  corn-  and 
oil-mills,  distilleries,  and  a  large  water-cure.     Pop.  4153. 

Criffel,  or  Criffle,  krif'^l,  a  granite  mountain  of  Scot- 
land, in  Kirkcudbright.     Height,  1892  feet. 

Crig'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  20 
luiles  W.  of  Culpeper  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Crimea,  krim-ee'a  (Russ.  Krim;  anc.  Tau'rica  Cher- 
aone'ius),  a  peninsula  of  Southern  Russia,  formed  by  the 
Sea  of  Azof  and  the  Black  Sea,  comprising  part  of  the 
government  of  Taurida.  It  is  separated  into  two  distinct 
regions  by  its  largest  river,  the  Salghir;  the  N.W.  portion 
forms  a  vast  plain,  the  soil  of  which  is  impregnated  with 
salt  and  only  fit  for  pasturage,  while  the  S.E.  part  is  in 
general  mountainous  and  interspersed  with  fertile  valleys. 
The  mountain-chain  runs  in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction: 
its  culminating  point,  Chateer  Dagh  (anc.  Trap'eztu),  is 
5180  feet  in  elevation.  The  climate  of  the  N.W.  portion  is 
cold  and  humid  in  winter  and  hot  and  dry  in  summer ;  but 
the  S.E.  part,  defended  by  the  mountains  from  the  N.  winds, 
U  mild  and  salubrious.  The  soil  is  rich  and  fertile,  pro- 
ducing, when  irrigated,  all  the  grains  and  fruits  of  Southern 


Europe  ;  the  mountains  are  covered  with  valuable  forests, 
and  present  the  most  varied  ana  picturesque  scenery.  Vast 
herds  of  cattle  are  reared,  and  the  honey  of  the  Crimea  is 
celebrated.  The  dromedary  is  used  as  a  beast  of  burden. 
This  country  was  called  Taurica  by  the  Greeks,  who  formed 
in  it  the  small  kingdom  of  Bosporus,  was  held  by  the  Mon- 
gols in  the  thirteenth  century,  subjected  to  the  Turks  in 
1475,  and  ceded  to  Russia  in  1783.  Its  changing  history  is 
indicated  by  the  circumstance  that  each  of  its  towns  has  at 
least  3  different  names.  Its  people  are  nearly  all  Moham- 
medans, chiefly  of  pure  Tartar  descent,  but  partly  of  Turk- 
ish, Greek,  and  Italian  blood  on  the  coast.  Pop.  250,000 
(80,000   Tartars,  130,000   Russians,  40,000  Greeks,  Jews, 

Bulgarians,  Germans,  Ac). Adj.  and  inhab.  Crimean, 

krim-ee'an,  or  Crim  Tartar.     See  Taurida. 

Crimmitzschau,  krim'mits-sh5w\  a  town  of  Saxony, 
10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Zwickau,  on  the  Pleisse.  It  has 
machine-shops,  lime-kilns,  and  woollen-,  cotton-,  and  needle- 
factories.    Pop.  17,649. 

Crimson  (krim'z9n)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Monro* 
CO.,  W.  Va. 

Crinan  (kree'nan)  Canal,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
connects  Loch  Gilp  with  Jura  Sound,  across  the  head  of 
the  peninsula  of  Kintyre.  Length,  about  9  miles.  Near 
its  extremities  are  Crinan  and  Lochgilp  Head. 

Cripa,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cuddapah. 

Criqueboeuf-en-Caux,  kreek'buf'-ftN»-ko,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Havre. 

Criqueboeuf-sur-Seine,  kreek'buf-suR-sin,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the  Seine,  3  miles  from  Pont-de- 
I'Arche.     Pop.  1226. 

Criquetot-Lesneval,  kreek^to'-li'n?h-vJJ',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  12  miles  N.'N.E.  of  Havre. 
Pop.  1545. 

Criquetot-snr-Ouville,  kreek^to'-sliR-ooVeel',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Seine- Inferieure,  6  miles  E.  of  Yvetot. 

Cris'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Attica.     It  has  2  church  organizations. 

Crisfield,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus  of  Som- 
erset CO.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  32  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Salisbury,  and  about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Annapolis.  It 
has  8  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Packing  oysters,  fish,  and  game  is  the  principal  business. 

Cris'man,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Boulder 
CO.,  Col.,  7  miles  from  Boulder.     It  bus  2  quartz-mills. 

Crisman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  th« 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Michigan  City. 

Crisp's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co., 
Ind.,  18  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Crissa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Krisso. 

Crit'tenden,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas,  hM 
an  area  of  about  614  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  level  and  low, 
partly  occupied  by  lakes  and  swamps,  and  subject  to  inun- 
dation during  high  water.  The  soil  of  the  drier  parts  1* 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Memphis  &  Little  Rook 
Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in  1870,  3831 ;  in  1880, 
9il5;  in  1890,  1.3,940. 

Crittenden,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  875  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Tradewater  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio 
River.  The  Cumberland  River  touches  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and 
iron  ore.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in  1870,  9381 ;  in  1880, 
11,688;  in  1890,  13,119. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  13  milea 
E.  of  Duquoin. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  14  miles  S. 
of  Logan  sport. 

Crittenden,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  3  churches. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Duroc  River,  18  miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of 
Versailles.     It  has  a  store. 

Crittenden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  21  milee 
by  rail  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Crittenden's,  a  post-village  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  N.  of  Suffolk.  It  has  2  churches.  Oysters  form 
the  main  business.     Pop.  200. 

Crittenden's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala., 
35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crivitz,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Krivitz. 

Crixa,  or  Cricha,  kree'shi,  a  river  of  Bra»il,  rising  in 


J 


CRI 


977 


09^ 


the  mountains  N.  of  the  town  of  Goyaz,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  right  bank  of  the  Araguay.  Its  whole  course  is 
about  200  miles,  and  it  is  partly  navigable. 

Crixa^  or  Cricha*  a  city  of  Brazil,  province  and  135 
miles  N.  of  Goyaz,  and  10  miles  S.  of  the  above  river. 
Pop.  5000  (?). 

CrpB)  kro'i,  the  name  of  flre  small  islands  at  the  em- 
bouchure of  the  Amazon. 

Croagh,  kro'iH,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Limerick, 
3J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rathkeale.     Pop.  of  parish,  1247. 

Cro'agh  Pat'rick,  or  Reek^  a  mountain  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  on  the  S.  side  of  Clew  Bay,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Westport.  Elevation,  2530  feet.  It  is  an  object  of  super- 
stitious reverence. 

Cro^atanS  a  post-village  of  Craven  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroij^,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
New-Berne,  and  about  1  mile  S.W.  of  the  Neuse  River.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  656.     See  Croetan. 

Croatan  (or  Croetan)  Sound;  a  body  of  shoal  water 
in  North  Carolina,  lying  principally  between  Roanoke  Island 
and  the  mainland  of  Dare  co.  It  communicates  northward 
with  Albemarle  Sound  and  southward  with  Pamlico  Sound, 
of  which  last  it  may  be  considered  a  part. 

Croatia^  kro-i'she-a  (called  by  the  natives  Horvdth 
Orttt&g,  hoR^vit'  OR^s&g' ;  Ger.  Kroatien,  kro-i'te-^n),  a  re- 
gion in  Austria-Hungary,  a  titular  kingdom,  its  crown  be- 
longing to  the  Emperor  of  Austria.  It  extends  northeast- 
\Tard  from  the  Adriatic  to  the  river  Drave,  bounded  W.  by 
Oarniola  and  Styria,  N.E.  by  Hungary,  E.  by  Slavonia,  and 
M.E.  by  Turkish  Croatia,  from  which  it  is  partly  divided 
by  the  Save.  It  is  a  fertile  country  of  hills  and  forests.  Its 
inhabitants  are  chiefly  Croats,  a  Slavic  people,  having  lan- 
(piages  of  their  own  (Serbo-Croatian  andSlaveno-Croatian). 
They  are  Catholics  of  the  Latin  rite.  Their  country  is  now 
)•  part  of  the  crown-land  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia.  Chief 
town,  Agram. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cro'at,  or  Croa'tian. 

Turkish  Croatia  is  the  northwesternmost  portion  of 
Bosnia,  forming  the  district  of  Bihacs,  and  having  Bosnia 
|iroper  on  the  E.,  Herzegovina  on  the  S.E.,  and  on  the  other 
tides  Austrian  Croatia  and  Balmatia.  Its  population  in 
!  867  was  placed  at  161,496.  Capital,  Bihacs.  In  common 
^rith  Bosnia,  it  passed  under  Austrian  military  occupation 
la  1878. 

Croa'tia  and  Slavo'nia^aunited kingdom,  forminga 
srown-landof  Austria- Hungary,  in  Transleithania.  Though 
ittached  to  the  Hungarian  kingdom  and  represented  in  its 
(let,  it  has  also  a  diet  and  a  local  government  of  its  own. 
ilrea,  16,785  square  miles.  It  consists  of  the  two  titular 
Idngdoms  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  and  contains  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  Military  Frontier.  It  is  in  general  a  fertile 
legion,  as  well  in  the  mountainous  parts  of  Croatia  as  in 
the  plains  of  Slavonia.  In  the  latter  are  great  heaths  and 
laarshes.  Grain,  tobacco,  flax,  potatoes,  wine,  prunes,  honey, 
jiork,  and  timber  are  staple  products.  Plum-wine  is  a 
national  beverage.  The  chief  magistrate  of  the  crown-land 
\%  called  the  ban,  or  banus.  Agram  is  the  capital,  and 
ll'iume  the  principal  seaport.  Agriculture  and  pastoral  pur- 
Boits  are  followed  by  most  of  the  people,  and  mining  and 
manufactures  receive  little  attention.  Seventy-four  per 
cent,  of  the  people  are  Croats  and  Catholics,  and  the  rest  are 
chiefly  Serbs  and  members  of  the  Greek  church.  Pop.  in 
1869,  1,864,021,  including  699,228  inhabitants  of  the  Mili- 
tary Frontier;  in  1880,  1,892,499;  in  1890,  2,184,414. 

Croce  Fieschi,  kro'chi  fe-Ss'kee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3421. 

Croce  Fieschi  Mosso,  kro'chi  fe-ds'kee  mos'so,  a 
Tillage  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  district  and  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1849. 

Crockatoa,  an  island.     See  Krakatoa. 

Crock'er,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1055. 

Crocker^  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  on  a  high 
hill,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  92  miles 
N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  commands  an  extensive  view  of 
fine  scenery,  and  has  several  stores  and  a  plough-factory. 

Crock'ery,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1124. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Nunica. 

Crock'ery  Creek,  Michigan,  drains  the  S.E.  part  of 
Muskegon  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Grand 
River  in  Ottawa,  co.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Grand  Haven. 

Crock'ett,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  260  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  South  and 
Middle  Forks  of  the  Forked  Deer  River.  The  surface  is 
Dearly  level ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  corn  are 
its  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  4 
Memphis  Railroad.    Capital,  Ozena.     Pop.  in  1890,  15,146. 

Crockett)  a  station  in  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mobile 
k  Ohio  Railroad.  35  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  Ky. 


Crockett,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  k  Great  Northern  Railroad,  114  milea 
N.  of  Houston,  and  38  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Palestine.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  an  academy,  a  tan- 
nery, and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1445. 

Crockett  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Wytheville.     It  has  some  manufactures  of  iron. 

Crockett  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  from  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad.  It  ha« 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crockett's  Blnff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark., 
on  White  River,  about  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It 
has  a  steamboat-landing,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crock'ettsviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breathitt  oo.,  Ey., 
on  the  Kentucky  River,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Livingston.  !♦ 
has  a  church. 

Crocodile  Bayou.    See  Cocodrie  Bayou. 

Crocodile  River,  Africa.     See  Limpopo. 

Crocodilopolis.    See  MEiuNET-EL-FAyooic. 

Cro^etan',  a  township  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  22b 

Croetan  Sound,  N.C.    See  Croatan  Sound. 

Crof'ton,  a  small  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ey.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Hop- 
kinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Crofton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Boardman  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapida 
&  Indiana  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Cadillac  It  has  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Crofts,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.    See  West  Batavia. 

Croft's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.T.,  6 
miles  from  Peekskill.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crofts'ville,  a  post-oflice  of  Tazewell  oo.,  Va. 

Cro'ghan,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver 
River,  in  Croghan  township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It 
has  a  house  of  Franciscans,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  2 
churches.  The  township  has  extensive  forests,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  leather.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
2834.     It  contains  a  village  named  Beaver  Falls. 

Croia,  Croja,  kro'yi,  or  Ak-Hissar,  ik-hia-sar' 
{i.e.,  "  White  Castle"),  a  town  of  Turkey,  Albania,  42  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Scutari.  It  stands  on  a  lofty  mountain-spur, 
about  500  feet  above  the  plain,  and  is  defended  by  a  strong 
castle.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Croix,  Saint,  United  States.    See  Saint  Croix. 

Croix,  Saint,  West  India  Islands.     See  Santa  Crub. 

Cro'ker  Island  (native  name,  Heraiki,  h&-ri'kee), 
one  of  the  Low  Islands,  in  the  Pacifiq.  Lat.  17"  26'  S.; 
Ion.  143°  26'  W.     It  is  sometimes  called  Tuscan  Island. 

Cro'ker  Island,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Australia,  off  Co- 
burg  Peninsula.  Its  N.  point,  Cape  Croker,  is  in  lat.  10* 
58'  S.,  Ion.  132°  38'  E. 

Crolles,  kroll,  a  village  of  France,  in  Isdre,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1439. 

Croma,  La,  island.    See  La  Chroma. 

Cromarty,  krom'ar-tee,  a  county  of  Scotland,  forming 
the  promontory  called  Ardmeanach,  or  "  Black  Isle,"  con 
sisting  of  about  17^  square  miles,  but  including  also  10  de- 
tached portions  of  land  in  various  parts  of  Ross-shire.  Total 
area,  345  square  miles.  It  is  now  attached  to  the  sheriff- 
dom of  Ross,  and  for  most  purposes  constitutes  a  part  of 
the  united  counties  of  Ross  and  Cromarty,  but  it  still  has  a 
lord-lieutenant  and  a  sheriff's  court. 

Cromarty,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  beautifully  situated  on  Cromarty  Firth,  at  the  S. 
side  of  its  entrance,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dingwall.  It  has  2 
churches,  ship-building  docks,  a  pier,  and  manufactures  of 
ropes,  sacking,  sail-cloth,  and  beer.     Pop.  1476. 

Crom'arty,  a  post-village  in  Perth  oo.,  Ontario,  i 
miles  S.S.W,  of  Carronbrook.     Pop.  100. 

Crom'arty  Firth  (anc.  Por'tua  Salu'ttaT),  an  inlet 
of  Scotland,  and  one  of  the  finest  bays  in  Britain,  on  it< 
N.E.  coast,  immediately  W.  of  the  Moray  Firth,  and  be- 
tween the  counties  of  Cromarty  and  Ross.  Length,  18  miles ; 
breadth,  from  3  to  5  miles.  It  is  entered  by  a  strait,  be- 
tween headlands  called  South  and  North  Sutors,  only  W 
miles  8U3ross. 

Cro'mer,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  <n. 
of  Norfolk,  on  its  N.  coast,  21  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  haf 
a  fort,  a  fine  church,  baths,  hotels,  and  a  public  library. 
All  attempts  to  form  a  harbor  have  been  bafiled  by  the  sea, 
which  is  here  gaining  on  the  land,  and  the  old  town  called 
Shipden  has  been  swept  away.  The  inhabitantq  are  mostly 
engaged  in  fishing.  Cromer  Bay,  from  the  danger  of  it* 
navigation,  has  been  named  the  "  devil's  throat." 

Cro'mer's,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Cromer's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Seneoa  oo.,  Om 


CRO 


978 


CRO 


in  Liberty  township,  on  the  Toledo,  TlflSn  &  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.W.  of  TiflSn. 

Cromer's,  a  township  of  Newberry  oo.,  S.C.    Pop.  2224. 

Crom'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  in  the 
Matlock  Dale,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Matlock.     Pop.  1074. 

Crommenie,  Netherlands.     See  Kkomment. 

Crommyon  (or  Cromyon)  Promontorium.    See 

CORMACHITI. 

Cromp'ton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  3  miles 
N.  of  Oldham.     It  has  cotton-mills.     Pop.  7302. 

Cromp'ton,  a  manufacturing  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I., 
in  Warwick  township,  1  mile  from  Quidnick  Station,  which 
is  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  manufactories 
of  cotton-print  cloths  and  4  churches.     Pop.  874. 

Crom'well,  a  post-town  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connec- 
ticut Valley  Railroad,  12i  miles  S.  of  Hartford,  and  2i  miles 
N.  of  Middletown.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  hammers,  lamps,  and  iron  toys.    Pop.  1856. 

Cromwell)  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Albion.  It  has  3  churches,  manufactures  of 
tubs  and  buckets,  &o.     Pop.  500. 

Cromwell,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  16  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Afton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  carriages.     Pop.  200. 

Cromwell,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Hartford.     It  has  a  church. 

Cromw^ell,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Cromwell  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Sibley. 

Cronberg,  or  Kronberg,  kr6n'b4RQ\  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau,  li  miles  E.  of  Konigstein.  Pop.  2055. 
Near  it  is  the  mineral  spring  of  Kronthal. 

Cron'ly,  a  post-village  of  Columbus  oo.,  N.C.,  17  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  manufactures  of 
brick  and  fertilizers.     Pop.  122. 

Cron'omer's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Newburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
general  store. 

Cronstadt,  or  Kronstadt,  krSn'st&tt,  a  seaport  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  20  miles  W.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
on  the  long,  flat,  and  arid  island  of  Kotlin,  near  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Lat.  59°  59'  42"  N. ;  Ion. 
29°  46'  30"  E.  The  town  is  on  the  S.E,  extremity  of  the 
island,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Neva,  and  is  strongly  for- 
tified on  all  sides.  On  the  S.  side  of  Kotlin  is  the  nar- 
row channel,  through  which  only  one  vessel  can  pass  at  a 
time,  and  scores  of  guns  would  here  be  brought  to  bear  on 
an  enemy.  All  approaches  to  the  town  are  barred  by  forts 
and  batteries  of  the  strongest  description.  Cronstadt  is 
regularly  built,  and  contains  many  straight  and  well-paved 
streets,  and  several  squares.  The  houses,  however,  are  all 
low,  being  generally  of  one  story,  with  red-  and  green-painted 
roofs,  and  are  mostly  of  wood,  with  the  exception  of  those 
belonging  to  the  government,  which  are  nearly  all  built  of 
stone.  The  town  is  entered  by  three  gates,  and  is  divided 
into  two  sections,  the  commandant's  division  and  the  ad- 
miralty, each  of  which  is  subdivided  into  two  districts.  It 
is  also  intersected  by  two  canals,  which  have  their  sides  of 
granite  and  are  both  deep  and  wide  enough  to  admit  the 
largest  vessels.  The  one  is  used  as  a  repairing  dock,  and 
the  other  for  commercial  purposes.  Between  the  two  canals 
stands  a  handsome  palace,  built  by  Prince  Mentohikof,  now 
occupied  as  a  naval  school  and  attended  by  300  pupils. 
The  other  public  buildings  deserving  of  notice  are  the 
marine  hospital,  the  churches,  the  British  seamen's  hospi- 
tal, the  exchange,  custom-house,  admiralty,  arsenal,  bar- 
racks, cannon-foundry,  &o.,  and  the  small  palace  in  which 
Peter  the  Great  resided.  The  harbor  lies  to  the  S.  of  the 
town,  and  consists  of  three  sections, — the  military  or  outer 
harbor,  which  is  the  great  naval  station  of  Russia;  the 
middle  harbor,  for  the  fitting  out  and  repairing  of  vessels; 
and  the  innermost  harbor,  running  parallel  with  the  last, 
and  used  only  by  merchant-vessels.  Much  of  the  external 
commerce  of  Russia  passes  through  Cronstadt,  although 
the  depth  of  water  at  the  bar  is  small  and  ice  blocks  up 
the  harbor  five  months  in  the  year,  the  shipping-season 
aontinuing  only  from  May  to  November.  (See  St.  Peters- 
burg.) Cronstadt  has  constant  communication  with  the 
opposite  shores,  and  steamers  ply  between  it  and  the  capital, 
with  which  it  is  also  connected  by  railway.  It  was  founded 
by  Peter  the  Great  in  1703.     Pop.  47,166. 

Cronstadt,  Transylvania.     See  Krovstadt. 

Crook,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va. 

Crook  and  Billy  Row,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  on  a  railway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Bishop-Auck- 
land.    Pop.  9401. 


Crook  City,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co,,  S.D.,  ott 
White  Wood  Creek,  in  a  beautiful  valley  among  the  Black 
Hills,  about  250  miles  W.  of  Tankton.  It  has  a  church,  aa 
academy,  a  saw-mill,  a  gold-amalgamator,  and  manufacture! 
of  gloves,  sash,  wagons,  &o.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Crook  Creek,  township,  Houston  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  560. 

Crook'ed  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Boone  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  White  River  in  Marion  co.  It  is  about 
80  miles  long. 

Crooked  Creek,  or  La  Moin  River,  of  Illinois, 
drains  part  of  Hancock  co.,  runs  southeastward  through 
McDonough  and  Schuyler  cos.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River 
about  5  miles  below  Beardstown.    Length,  about  100  miles. 

Crooked  Creek  rises  in  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  runs  north- 
eastward through  Paulding  co.,  0.,  and  enters  the  Auglai«e 
River  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Defiance. 

Crooked  Creek,  Iowa,  drains  parts  of  Henry  and 
Washington  cos.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Skunk 
River  at  the  N.E.  corner  of  Jefferson  co. 

Crooked  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Indiana  co., 
and  runs  southwestward  to  Armstrong  co.,  in  which  it  flowB 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  5  or  6  milei 
below  Kittanning. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala. 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Wilhite  Railroad  Station. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo.,  IlL 
Pop.  981. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  111.,  con* 
tiguous  to  Crooked  Creek  township,  Cumberland  co.  P.  1568. 

Crooked  Creek,  Ind.    See  Jamestown. 

Crooked  Creek,  township,  McDowell  co.,  N.C.  P.  389. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Tioga  co..  Pa. 

Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River  rises  in  Adair  co., 
Iowa,  and  runs  S.S.E.  to  the  northern  boundary  of  Mis- 
souri, which  it  crosses.  It  runs  thence  nearly  southward, 
and  enters  the  Grand  River  in  Livingston  co.,  about  6  milei 
S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Crooked  Fork,  a  post-ofiice  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Crooked  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
1  mile  from  Sanatoga  Station,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Phoenix- 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Crook'ed  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Bahamas,  consist- 
ing of  Crooked  Island  (pop.  627),  Acklin  Island  (pop.  370), 
Fortune  Key,  and  Castle  Island.  Lat.  of  S.  point  of 
Castle  Island,  22°  7'  N.;  Ion.  74°  21'  AV. 

Crooked  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Clare  co.,  Mich. 

Crooked  Lake,  New  York.     See  Keuka  Lake. 

Crooked  River  or  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Ray  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about 
6  miles  below  Lexington.     It  is  about  60  miles  long. 

Crooked  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
runs  westward  and  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Del 
Chutes  River  in  Wasco  co.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Crooked  River,  township,  Ray  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1622. 

Crooked  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  21 
miles  from  Dexter  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Crook'haven,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  on 
Crookhaven  Harbor,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Skibereen. 

Crook's  Rapids,  Ontario.     See  Hastings. 

Crooks'ton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Minn., 
on  Red  Lake  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Grand  Forks. 
It  has  11  churches,  3  banks,  4  weekly  and  2  daily  newspaper 
oflBces,  lumber-mills,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  in  1890,  3457. 

Crookston,  a  post-village  of  Cherry  oo.,  Neb.,  11 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Valentine.  It  has  a  grain-mill 
and  a  lumber  mill. 

Crooksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  &■  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  about  14  miles 
S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Croom,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Limerick.  It  has  a  strong  castle,  built  in  the 
reign  of  King  John.     Pop.  885. 

Croom,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis,  and  2  miles  from  Croom  Station  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Croom's  Mill,  a  post-ofliice  of  Izard  co..  Ark. 

Croom  Station,  a  post-oflBce  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad  (Pope's  Creek 
Branch),  44  miles  S.  of  Baltimore. 

Croppenstadt,  or  Kroppenstett,  krop'p^n-stitt*,  • 
walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Osohers*^ 
leben.     Pop.  2233. 

Crop'per's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky., 
the  Louisville  <k  Lexington   Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Frankfort. 


CRO 


979 


CRO 


Crop'sey,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  III.,  29  miles 
by  rail  N.  bj  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  charoh  and  an 
jRcademy.     Pop.  130. 

I    Cropsey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  about  28 
ciiles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 
j    Crop'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Troy. 

1  Crop' well,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  about 
;90  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  3  stores. 

Crop'well-But'ler,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  and  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nottingham.     Pop.  608. 

Croque^  krok,  a  settlement  on  the  French  shore,  New- 
foundland, 65  miles  from  La  Scie.  It  is  the  headquarters 
[oi  the  French  during  the  fishing-season,  and  the  coaling- 
depot  of  the  French  steamers  stationed  on  the  coast. 

Crosby,  krfiz'be,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  state.     Area,  900  square  miles.     Capital,  Emma. 

Crosby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  hy 
rail  (Bowen  Station)  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  &c.     Pop.  100. 

Crosby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Houston. 
I  Cros'bf  Gar'ret,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, 3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kirkby-Stephen,  in  a  pictu- 
ir<«que  vale  at  the  foot  of  Crosby-Fell.  Pop.  of  parish,  643. 
•  Crosby's  Corners,  Ontario.  See  Cashel. 
I  Crosbyville,  krSz'be-vil,  a  post-oflSce,  Chester  oo.,  S.C. 
!  Cross,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
.area  of  about  672  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Francis  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
[niostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  produces  cotton  and 
llodian  corn.  Capital,  Vanndale.  Pop.  in  1870,  3915;  in 
'U80,  5050;  in  1890,  7693. 

Cross,  a  post-hamlet  of  Concordia  parish,  La.,  3  miles 
J6  W.  of  Vidalia.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

I     Cross,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  A  Pitts- 
jbirg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Erie. 
(     Cros'sakeeP,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  6  miles 
S  W.  by  W.  of  Kells. 

Cross  Anchor,  angk'pr,  a  post-township  of  Spartan- 
fa  irg  CO.,  S.C,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  4  churches. 
I.;  is  drained  by  the  Ennoree  and  Tiger  Rivers.     Pop.  1833. 

Cross  Anchor,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Cross  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  10  miles 
\W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam 
iH.w-mill. 

Cross  Canal,  ka-nSLl',  a  post-office  and  shipping-point 
lol'  Camden  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  24  miles 
|8.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

I  Cross  Creek,  Kansas,  drains  part  of  Jackson  oo.,  runs 
Iwuthward,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  in  the  W.  part  of 
iSliawnee  co. 

Cross   Creek,  Ohio,  runs  eastward  through  Jefferson 
!«('.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  4  miles  below  Steubenville. 
I     Cross  Creek,  a  station  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
IVisalia  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles 
,N.W,  of  Tulare. 

Cross  Creek,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  147,  exclusive  of  Fayetteville. 

Cross  Creek,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1800.     It  includes  New  Alexandria  and  Wintersville. 

Cross  Creek,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  P. 
1034.     It  contains  Cross  Creek  Village,  and  has  coal-beds. 

Cross  Creek  Village,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Cross  Creek  township,  about  28  miles  W.S.W. 
lof  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 
I     Cross  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Pa.,  is  at  the 
jvillage  of  Mahoning. 

I  Crossen,  or  Krossen,  kros's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
1  Brandenburg,  on  a  railway,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Frankfort,  at 
'the  confluence  of  the  Bober  with  the  Oder.  It  has  manu- 
jfactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  hosiery,  tanneries,  and  dis- 
tilleries. It  is  walled,  and  has  an  old  citadel.  Pop.  6786. 
I  Cross-Fell,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
lland,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Penrith.  Elevation,  2901  feet. 
I  Cross'ford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  2i  miles 
W.  of  Dunfermline.     Pop.  363. 

Cross'gar,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  5  miles 
I  N.W.  of  Downpatrick.     Pop.  688. 

I  Cross'gates,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  at  a 
'railway  junction,  3i  miles  E.  of  Dunfermline.  Pop.  1181. 
1  Cross^ha'ven,  a  village  and  harbor  of  Ireland,  oo. 
jand  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cork.     Pop.  338. 

Cross'hill',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  a  southern  suburb  of 
j  Glasgow.     Pop.  3250. 
!     Cross  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  oo..  Me. 

Cro8  4  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Laurens 


CO.,  S.C,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Laurens  Court-House,  and  14 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bigii 
school.     Pop.  216  ;  of  the  township,  2973. 

Crossbill,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.    It  has  2  stores  and  2  hotels.    P.  150. 

Cross'ington,  a  post-village  of  Garland  co..  Ark.,  7 
miles  from  Hot  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Cross'ingville,  a  post- village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meadville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cross  Jnnc'tion,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Cross  Keys,  keez,  a  hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  about 
24  miles  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
cotton-gin. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ga.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air- 
Line  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Monroe  township,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Camden,  and 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Williamstown.  It  has  a  obaroh  and  a 
steam  saw-mill. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  12 
miles  from  the  village  of  Union,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  b; 
the  Ennoree  River.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1349. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Harrisonburg,  and  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Staunton.  It  has  a  church.  An  indecisive  battle  waa 
fought  here  between  General  Fremont  and  General  Jack- 
son, June  8,  1862. 

Cross  Kill  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Bethel  township,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Cross  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Caddo  parish,  and  com 
municates  with  Soda  Lake.     It  is  nearly  14  miles  long,  and 
3  miles  or  more  wide.     Shreveport  is  situated  at  the  £.  end 
of  this  lake,  which  is  about  a  mile  from  Red  River. 

Cross  Lake,  New  York,  is  on  the  boundary  between 
the  counties  of  Cayuga  and  Onondaga,  nearly  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  is  about  4  miles  long.  The  Seneca 
River  runs  through  this  lake. 

Cross  (or  La  Crosse,  1&  kross)  Lake,  in  British 
North  America,  60  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  receives 
the  Beaver,  and  gives  origin  to  the  Churchill.  On  its  W. 
side  is  Fort  La  Crosse,  lat.  55°  26'  N.,  Ion.  108"  W. 

Cross  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish.  La. 

Cross'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Paris,  Tenn. 

Cross'maglen',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Armagh,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Diindalk.     Pop.  649. 

Crossmolina,  kross^mo-le-n&',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Mayo,  on  the  Deel,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  852. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  154  miles  N.E.  of 
Selma,  and  60  miles  S.W.  of  Rome.     It  has  2  churchea. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  8 
miles  N.W,  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  district  school. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brown  township,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
28  miles  N.  of  Nashville,  and  11  miles  £.  of  Springfield. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  roller-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cross  Plaitas,  a  post-village  of  Callahan  oo.,  Tex.,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Baird.     It  has  a  public  school. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  harness-factory,  district  schools,  a  cath- 
olic seminary,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  fan- 
ning-mills.     Pop.  350. 

Cross  Point,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventare  co.,  Que- 
bec, at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  Restigoucbe  River,  opposite  Campbellton,  New  Bruns- 
wick. It  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  Mio  Mao  Indians. 
Salmon  abound  in  the  waters  here,  and  ships  load  with 
timber  for  export.  The  Intercolonial  Railway  crosses  the 
Restigoucbe  near  Cross  Point.     Pop.  150. 

Cross  River,  Guinea.     See  Calabar. 

Cross  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Lewisborough  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Katonah. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Muncie.  It  has  a  church  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  100. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Charles  oo.,  Md. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo..  Miss.,  35 
miles  N.  of  Scran  ton. 

Cross  Roads,  a  village  of  Dade  oo.,  Mo.,  in  Rock 
Prairie  township,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  haa  2 
churches,  a  pottery,  a  drug-store,  and  2  other  stores. 


CRO 


980 


CRO 


Cross  RoadS)  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Medford  township,  i  mile  from  Wilkins  Railroad  Station. 
Cross  Roads,  a  township  of  Wilson  oo.,  N.C.     P.  694. 
Cross  RoadS)  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ma- 
rietta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Jack- 
son, the  county  seat. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  is  at 
Midway,  a  hamlet  11  miles  S.  of  London. 

Cross  Roads,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Summit  Branch  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-bamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  near  the 
Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  York.  It  has  12 
houses. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-borough  of  Warren  oo.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Minnville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Clover  Depot.  There  are  several  churches  near  it. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Cross  Roads,  Ontario.    See  Yiroil. 

Cross  Roads  Church,  a  post-office  ofYadkinco.,  N.C. 

Cross  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Cross  Sound,  in  Alaska,  separates  King  George  III. 
Archipelago,  towards  the  N.W.,  from  the  mainland.  Cross 
Gape  is  at  its  S.W.  entrance. 

Cross  Titn'bers,  a  post-village  of  Hickory  co..  Mo., 
about  56  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lead  and  zinc  mines. 
Pop.  about  400 ;  of  the  township,  1536. 

Cross  Trails,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala. 

Crossun'tic,  a  station  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  60  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Cross  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmett  co.,  Mioh.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  20  miles  N.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  .S  churches 
and  2  saw-mills,  and  is  the  seat  of  Catholic  Indian  schools 
and  of  a  house  of  Franciscan  tertiaries. 

Cross'ville,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala. 

Crossville,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Carmi.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school. 

Crossville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  Mountain  or  table-land,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  brick 
and  cigars.     Pop.  in  1890,  266. 

Cross'wicks,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Chesterfield  township,  on  Crosswioks  Creek,  4  miles  E. 
of  Bordentown,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  4 
churches,  several  stores,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  &o. 

Crosswioks  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, forms  the  boundary  between  Burlington  and  Mercer 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  5  miles  below  Trenton. 

Cros'well,  a  post- village  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  in  1890,  504. 

Crotch'er*8  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  on  an  affluent  of  Nanticoke  River,  about  20  miles  E. 
of  Cambridge.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  manufactory 
of  peach-baskets. 

Crothersviile,  kriiTH'^rz-vIl,  a  post- village  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Vernon  township,  on  Graham's  Fork,  or  Mus- 
catatuck  River,  and  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
ehurches,  a  saw-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  <fco.     Pop.  599. 

Crouton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  A  Des  Moines  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

Croton,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Muskegon  River,  in  Croton  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Ne- 
waygo, and  about  32  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  grist-mills 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  township,  680. 

Croton,  a  post-namlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church. 

Croton,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  and  about  72  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Croton,  a  station  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Elmira. 

Croton,  or  Croton  Landing,  a  post-village  of 
Westchester  co..  New  York,  in  Cortlandt  township,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Croton,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has 
2  or  8  churches,  2  brick-yards,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop. 
about  1000.    The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Croton  Landing. 

Croton,  a  post-office  of  Licking  oo.,  0.    See  Habtiord. 

Crotona,  Italy.    See  Cotrone. 

Cro'ton  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  oo.,  N.T., 


in  North  Salem  township,  on  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New 
York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  by  E.  from  New 
York.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Croton  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Baldwin  Place.     It  has  a  church. 

Croton  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Dutchess  co.,  rum 
southward  through  Putnam  co.,  and  southwestward  in  West* 
Chester  co.  It  enters  the  Hudson  River  1  or  2  miles  abore 
Sing  Sing  and  33  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  New  York,  after* 
course  of  nearly  60  miles.  The  city  of  New  York  derive* 
a  supply  of  good  water  from  this  river. 
Crotty,  Illinois.    See  Seneca. 

Croulin  (kroo'lin)  Isles,  a  group  in  Scotland,  oflF  the 
W.  coast  of  Ross-shire,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Lochcarron. 
Cronnse,  krSwnss,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb. 
Cronse's  (krdw's^z)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutohesa' 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Union  Vale  township. 

Crow,  kro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  15  milei 
W.  of  Eugene  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Crow  Agency,  a  post-office  in  the  Indian  Reservation, 
Montana,  about  52  miles  S.E.  of  Billings.  It  has  a  oburoh 
and  government  schools. 

Crow  Creek,  Weld  co..  Col.,  runs  southward,  and  enten 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  10  miles  E.  of  Evans. 

Crow  Creek,  a  post- village  of  BuflFalo  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  175  miles  N.W.  of  Yankton.     Here  is  an 
Indian  Reservation  and  agency.    It  has  several  churches. 
Crowder's  (kro'd^rz)  Creek  rises  in  Gaston  co.,  N.C, 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Catawba  in  York  co.,  S.Cl 
Crowder's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gaston  co.,N.C. 
Cro'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  29  milw 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Fremont.     It  has  a  church. 

Crowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Waverly. 

Crowfoot,  krS'fSdt,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Evesham  township,  2  miles  from  Atoo  Station. 

Crow  Indians  (called  by  themselves  Upsaroka  or  46- 
taroka),  a  tribe  of  Indians  living  in  Montana,  in  the  valley 
of  the  Yellowstone.  They  are  hereditary  enemies  of  the 
Sioux,  or  Dakotas,  but  are  believed,  on  linguistic  groundi, 
to  be  of  the  Dakota  stock. 

Crow  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 
Crow  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jerauld  co.,  S.D.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Wessington  Springs.    It  ha«  a  common  school. 
Crowland,  a  town  of  England.    See  Crotland. 
Crowlandville,  or  Cook's  Mills,  a  post- village  in 
Welland  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  E.  of  Welland.     Pop.  260. 

Crowle,  kr5l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  5| 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Thome.     Pop.  of  parish,  3813. 

Crowley,  krS'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Paragould.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crowley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Acadia  parish.  La., 
53  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lake  Charles.  It  has  5  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  420. 

Crowley,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  15  milei 
by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Crowley's,  kro'ljz,  a  station  in  Androscoggin  co.,  Me., 
on  the  Androscoggin  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lew- 
iston  Branch,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Crown  City,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Huntington,  W.  Va.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Crown  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  oo.,  Ind., 
41  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
13  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash 
and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  1902. 

Crown  Point,  or  Ham'mond's  Corners,  a  post- 
village  of  Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  at  the  juno- 
tion  of  the  railroad  to  Hammondville,  32  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Whitehall.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  1  or  2  iron-furnaces,  &c.  Colonel 
Ethan  Allen  surprised  and  took  a  British  fort  at  Crowa 
Point  in  May,  1775.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3135. 

Crown  Point  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  100  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  3  miles  from  Crown 
Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
manufactures  of  leather,  sash  and  blinds,  and  2  grist-milll. 
Crown  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilliam  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  John  Day  River,  about  18  iidlei 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Condon. 

Crowns'ville,  a  post- village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  a  church. 
Crow  Place,  Virginia.    See  Crow's. 
Crow  (kro)  River,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of  Stearns 
CO.,  intersects  Meeker  co.,  and  runs  E.  through  Wright  00c 
The  stream  just  described  is  sometimes  called  the  Nortb  _ 
Fork.    The  South  Fork  rises  in  Kandiyohi  co.,  runs  eastward 


CRO 


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through  MoLeod  oo.,  and  northeastward  in  Carver  co.  The 
forks  unite  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  the  river 
I  rans  thenoe  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River 
!  about  8  miles  above  Anoka.  This  river,  including  the  North 
i  Fork,  is  nearly  160  miles  long. 

;     Crow  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  on 
j  Crow  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Swede  Grove  Railroad  Station. 
I     Crow's,  or  Hick'man's,  a  station  in  Daviess  co., 
;  Ky.,  on  the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  4  miles  S. 
of  Owensborough. 

Crow's,  a  post-oflSce  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  at  Crow 
,  Place,  a  summer  resort,  10  miles  from  the  White  Sulphur 
i  Springs,  and  3  miles  from  Alleghany  Railroad  Station. 

Crow's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Modesto. 
Crow's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 
Crow's  Nest,  a  peak  of  the  Highlands,  is  on  the  W. 
rtde  of  the  Hudson,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y. 
Crow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va. 
Crowville,  kro'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Booneville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory. 
Crowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  parish,  La.,  18 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Delhi  Station. 

Crow  Wing,  a  county  in  the  N,  central  part  of  Minne- 
80ta,has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.,  the  N.W.,  and  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is 
partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Mille  Lacs.  The  surface 
18  diversified  with  small  lakes  and  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile,  but  uncultivated.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  St.  Paul  and  Duluth 
Branches  of  which  unite  at  Brainerd,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  200;  in  1875,  1031;  in  1880,  2319;  in  1890,  8852. 

CrOAV  Wing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crow  Wing  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Crow  Wing 
River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Brainerd. 

Crow  Wing  River,  Minnesota,  drains  parts  of  Cass  and 
Wadena  cos.,  runs  southward  and  southeastward,  and  enters 
the  Mississippi  River  at  Crow  Wing.     Length,  100  miles. 
j      Crox'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Jeflferson  co.,  0.,  2  miles  S.  of 
I  Salineville. 

Croya,  a  town  of  Albania.  See  Croia. 
I  Croy'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  at  a  rail- 
j  way  junction,  lOJ  miles  S.  of  London  Bridge.  The  town  is 
ivell  built,  and  increasing  in  size;  principal  edifices,  a  hand- 
1 30me  parish  church,  various  other  places  of  worship,  the 
!  town  hall,  the  poultry  market-house.  Trinity  Hospital,  sev- 
i  eral  almshouses,  a  prison,  water-works,  jail,  union  work- 
'  house,  and  barracks.  Aldington  Park,  the  seat  of  the 
I  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  is  near  Croydon.  Croydon,  alter- 
j  uately  with  Guildford,  is  the  seat  of  the  county  assizes. 
I  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Noviom' agna, 
,  and  near  it  many  remains  of  antiquity  have  been  discovered. 
Pop.  in  1881,  78,811 ;  in  1891,  102,697. 

Croy'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Willmar.     It  has  a  church. 

Croydon,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Claremont.  Pop.  652.  Here  is  Croydon 
Mountain,  which  is  about  2800  feet  high. 

Croydon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Echo  Station,  and  i  mile  from  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Croydon,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Salmon  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Croydon  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.  N.H.,  in 
Oroydon  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Croy'iand,  or  Crow'Iand,  an  ancient  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  river  Welland,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge  built  in  the  time  of  Edward  II.  and  much  admired 
by  antiquaries,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stamford.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  the  ruins  of  its  once  splendid  abbey,  founded  in 
716,  out  of  the  remains  of  which  a  church  has  been  con- 
structed.    Pop.  2459. 

Croyle,  kroil,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  traversed 
by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.     Pop.  886. 

Cro^zet',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Albemarle  co.,Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Char- 
lottesville.    It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Crozet  (kro'zi')  Islands,  a  group  of  four  small,  unin- 
habited islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  between  Kerguelen 
and  Prince  Edward  Islands.     The  easternmost,  called  East 
I  Island,  is  about  lat.  46°  27'  S.,  Ion.  52°  14'  E. 
j      Cro'zier,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 
j      Crozier,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan- 
"B  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  De  Soto. 
Crozon,  kro^z6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  26 


miles  N.W.  of  Quimper,  on  a  peninsala  8.  of  Brest  Roada. 
Pop.  8946,  chiefly  supported  by  navigation  and  fishing. 

Crozon,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
La  Chatre.     Pop.  1082. 

Cruachan,  Scotland.    See  Ben  Cruachan. 

Graces,  kroo'sfis,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
on  the  Isthmus,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Panama.  Boats  ascend 
the  Chagres  River  to  this  point.  In  1760  it  was  sacked 
and  burned  by  Morgan,  the  English  pirate. 

Cruger,  kroo'gh^r,  a  post-village  of  Woodfotd  co.,  111., 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad  and  the  Chicago, 
Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Eureka,  and 
25  miles  E.  of  Peoria. 

Cruger,  a  hamlet  of  New  York.     See  Boscobel. 

Crug-Hywell,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Crickhowell. 

Cruikshank,  kr55k'shank,  a  post- village  in  Orey  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  100. 

Cru'it  Island,  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  is  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, 6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dunglow.     Length,  2  miles. 

Cram  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Chester  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Delaware  co.,  and  enters  the  Dela- 
ware River  nearly  2  miles  above  the  city  of  Chester. 

Cram  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cram  El'bow,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

Crum'lin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  12  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Belfast.    Pop.  465. 

Crum  Liynne,  lin,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Cram'mock- Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, between  Buttermere  and  Lowes-Water.  Length, 
4  miles.  The  Cocker  carries  its  superfluous  waters  to  the 
Derwent.     The  surrounding  mountain-scenery  is  beautiful. 

Crump'sall,  or  Crum'sall,  a  town  of  England,  in 
Lancashire,  3  miles  N.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  5342. 

Crump's  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  New  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Hinton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Crump'ton,  a  post-village  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  on 
Chester  River,  40  miles  E.  of  Baltimore.    It  has  2  churches 

Crnms'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  South 
Bend.     Its  station  is  named  Crum's  Point. 

Crutch'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ky.,  at  Alex- 
ander Station,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crux  Bay,  a  hamlet  and  port  of  the  West  Indies,  cap- 
ital of  the  Danish  island  of  St.  John.     Pop.  99. 

Cruybeke,  kroy'bi-k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Antwerp. 

Cruyshautem,  krois^b&u'tSm,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.  Linen-weaving 
is  the  chief  employment.  Near  the  centre  of  the  commune 
is  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  6320. 

Crys'ler,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dickinson's  Landing.     Pop.  150. 

Crys'tal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in  Crystal 
township,  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  616. 

Crystal,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo.,  Me.,  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  250. 

Crystal,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Crys- 
tal township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Stanton,  and  about  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  200 ;  of  the  township,  1344. 

Crystal,  a  township  of  Oceana  CO.,  Mich.  Pop.  750.  It 
contains  Crystal  Valley. 

Crystal,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  7  milea 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  car- 
works,  a  college,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1074. 

Crystal,  a  post- village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.    Pop.  500. 

Crystal  City,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  is 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  3^  miles  from  Bailey  Sta- 
tion.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  plate-glass. 

Crystal  Falls,  a  series  of  beautiful  cataracts  on  Cas- 
cade Creek,  in  Montana.  The  creek  enters  the  Yellowstone 
River  from  the  left,  below  the  upper  falls  of  the  latter 
stream,  and  the  principal  falls  on  Cascade  Creek  are  one 
mile  above  its  mouth.  Here  are  three  falls,  which  together 
measure  129  feet  in  the  perpendicular. 

Crystal  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iron  co.,  Mich., 
81  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Escanaba.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office  and  iron-mines.     Pop.  800. 

Crystal  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex., 
on  Clear  Fork  of  Brazos  River,  110  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth. 


CRY 


982 


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I 


Crystal  Lake,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co.,  111.,  IJ 
miles  S.W.  of  Crystal  Lake  Station  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Woodstock. 
It  has  5  churches,  graded  schools,  18  large  ice-houses, 
manufactures  of  wagons,  and  several  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness houses.  Much  ice  is  stored  and  shipped  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  781.    Here  is  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Crystal  liake,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
small  lake,  10  miles  N.  of  Britt  Railroad  Station. 

Crystal  Lake)  a  township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich., 
bounded  E.  in  part  by  Lake  Crystal,  and  W.  by  Lake 
Michigan.     Pop.  803.     It  contains  Frankfort. 

Crystal  Lake,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
bounded  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  contiguous  to 
Minneapolis  northward.     Pop.  796.     See  Lake  Crystal. 

Crystal  Lake,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 

Crystal  Lake,  township,  Marquette  co..  Wis.    P.  714. 

Crystal  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co,.  Wis., 
in  Dayton  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Waupaca.  It  has  a 
church. 

Crystal  Peak,  a  hamlet  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  1  mile 
from  Verdi  Railroad  Station,  and  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vir- 
ginia City,  Nev.  It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel.  It  is  mainly 
■upported  by  the  lumber-business. 

Crystal  River,  a  post-village  of  Citrus  co.,  Fla.,  39 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ocala.  It  has  3  churches,  a  pencil- 
mill,  and  a  palmetto-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  208. 

Crystal  Spring,  a  post-ofSce  and  water-cure  of  Yates 
CO.,  N.Y.  about  30  miles  N.  of  Corning. 

Crystal  Spring,  Stark  co.,  0.,    See  Millport. 

Crystal  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Oa.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Rome.    It  has  a  church. 

Crystal  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  158 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
high  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  997. 

Crystal  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Oceana  oo.,  Mich., 
in  Crystal  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Pentwater.  It  ha«  2 
churches  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Csaba,  ch5b'6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Bekes,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  an  exten- 
sive trade  in  corn,  cattle,  fruit,  wine,  hemp,  and  flax.  Pop. 
30,022. 

Csacza,  chSt'sdh^,  or  Csattcza,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Szolna,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount 
Jablunkau  and  the  right  bank  of  the  Kiszucza.     Pop.  3523. 

Csaikisten,  ohi-kis'tdn^,  or  Bataillons  District, 
bi-t8,l-y6ns'  dis'trikt,  a  district  of  Hungary,  in  Military 
Slavonia,  on  the  angle  formed  by  the  Danube  and  the 
Theiss.     Area,  340  square  miles.     Pop.  34,358. 

Csakathurm,  chi'ki-tooRm\  Csakvar,  chlkVaR', 
or  Tsaktornya,  tsik-toRn'yi,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szalad,  on  a  railway,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Warasdin,  on  the 
Tarnova.     Its  castle  is  now  a  sugar-refinery.     Pop.  2384. 

Csakova,  chSh'koV6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Temes,  18  miles  S.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4360. 

Csakvar,  chikVaB',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Stuhl- 
weissenburg,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Buda,  with  a  castle  and  a 
Protestant  church.     Pop.  4471. 

Csallokoz,  an  island  of  Hungary.   See  ScHttTT,  Great. 

Csanad,  choh^nSd',  a  town  of  Eastern  Hungary,  capi- 
tal of  the  county,  44  miles  N.  of  Temesvar,  on  the  Maros. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop.  4013.  The  county  has  an  area 
of  699  square  miles.     Pop.  94,658. 

Csantaver,  ch5nH6hVaiR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Bdos,  about  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Zenta.     Pop.  4725, 

Csany,  or  Tsany,  chin,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  3  miles  from  Hatvan.     Pop.  3040. 

Csaszar,  chos^saB',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Komorn, 
8  miles  from  Dotis.     Pop.  2308. 

Csatad,  chdhHid',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
15  miles  E.  of  Nagy-Kikinda.     Pop.  3122. 

Csath,  Csat,  or  Csatt,  chit,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Borsod,  13  miles  from  Miskoloz.     Pop.  4979. 

Csatsak,  or  Tsatsak,  chi^chik',  a  town  of  Servia, 
on  the  Morava,  90  miles  S.  of  Belgrade.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
Greek  bishop. 

Csattcza,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Csacza. 

Cseb,  chfib,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  B^cs,  3  miles 
from  Palanka.     Pop.  2494. 

Csepel,  or  Tsepel,  chi^pSl',  a  river-island  of  Hun- 
gary, immediately  S.  of  Pestn,  formed  by  the  Danube. 
Length,  30  miles. 

Cservenka,  chfiBVfin'k5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  eo.  of 
B^cs,  10  miles  i'rom  Zombor.     Pop.  6877. 


Csetnek,  chSt^nSk',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  GSmSi 
and  Kis-Hont,  8  miles  W.  of  Rosenau.     Pop.  1800. 

Csik,  chik,  a  county  of  Hungary,  in  the  S.E.  of  Tran. 
sylvania,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Roumania.  Area,  1574 
square  miles.  It  is  a  very  mountainous  region.  Capital 
Csik-Sereda.     Pop.  107,285. 

Csik-Sereda,  chik-she^Reh'd6h\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  the  county  of  Csik,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Kronstadt.     Pop.  960. 

Csoka,  cho'koh^  a  town  of  Hungary,  about  5  miles 
from  Tdrok  Kanisa,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  2841. 

Csongrad,  chon^gr|d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  county 
of  the  same  name,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Theiss  and  the 
Koros,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Buda-Pesth.     Pop.  17,366. 

Csongrad,  a  county  of  Hungary,  traversed  by  the 
Theiss,  and  consisting  largely  of  plains,  often  marshy  and 
unhealthy,  but  very  fertile.  Area,  1313  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Szegedin.     Pop.  225,000. 

Csorna,  choR'noh\  a  town  of  Western  Hungary,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Oedenburg.  It  is  surrounded  by  gardens, 
and  has  a  Benedictine  abbey  built  in  1180.     Pop.  4853. 

Csurgo,  chooR'go,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Somogy, 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Nagy  Kanisa. 

Ctesiphon,  an  ancient  city.     See  Modain. 

Cua,  koo'i,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Bolivar,  on 
the  river  Tuy,  about  45  miles  S.  of  Caracas.  It  is  the  com- 
mercial centre  of  a  large  district.     Pop,  8808. 

Cuajiniqualpa,  kwi-He-ne-kwil'pi,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral America,  state  of  Guatemala,  and  the  largest  between 
the  city  of  Guatemala  and  Sonsonate.     Pop.  3000. 

Cuama,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Zambezi. 

Cuautlay-Amilpas,  kwowt-lx'-i-meel'pis,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  and  70  miles  S.W.  of  Puebla. 

Cuba,  ku'ba  (Sp.  pron.  koo'bi),  an  island  in  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  belonging  to  Spain,  the  largest  of  the  West  Indian 
group,  and  the  most  important  of  all  the  Spanish  colonial 
possessions,  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
130  miles  S.  of  Florida,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Florida  Strait.  On  the  E.  it  is  separated  from  Hayti  by 
the  Windward  Passage,  48  miles  wide;  on  the  S.,  from 
Jamaica,  by  a  portion  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  90  miles  across; 
and  on  the  W.,  from  Yucatan,  by  the  Yucatan  Channel,  130 
miles  wide.  It  is  about  a  third  larger  than  Hayti,  and 
nearly  five  times  the  size  of  Jamaica.  It  extends  from  Ion. 
74°  to  near  85°  W.,  and  is  650  miles  in  length  from  E. 
to  W.;  greatest  breadth,  at  Cape  Cruz,  110  miles;  average 
width,  from  60  to  60  miles,  while  towards  its  W.  extremity 
it  does  not  exceed  30  miles.  The  extreme  E.  end  of  the 
island.  Cape  Maysi,  is  in  lat.  20°  15'  N.,  Ion.  74°  7'  W.;  the 
W.,  Cape  San  Antonio,  in  lat.  21°  15'  N.,  Ion.  84°  57'  12" 
W. ;  and  the  island  extends  from  lat.  19°  50'  to  23°  10'  N. 
Area,  43,319  square  miles.  Coast-line,  exclusive  of  minuttf 
sinuosities,  about  2000  miles. 

The  island  is  intersected  longitudinally  by  a  range  of 
mountains,  diminishing  in  height  from  E.  to  W.  At  the 
E.  end,  where  they  are  difi'used  over  nearly  the  entire  sur- 
face, they  attain  their  greatest  elevation,  the  highest  point 
being  the  Pico  Turquino  ("blue  peak"),  7670  feet  high. 
From  the  bases  of  these  highlands  the  country  opens  into  ex- 
tensive meadows  and  plains,  with  occasional  low  swampy 
tracts.  Owing  to  the  cavernous  structure  and  great  in- 
clination of  the  limestone  strata  and  the  small  breadth  of 
the  island,  there  are  few  rivers  of  any  magnitude,  and  s 
large  portion  of  the  territory  is  subject  to  severe  droughts. 
Yet  the  undulating  surface  of  the  country,  the  continual 
verdure,  and  the  distribution  of  vegetable  forms,  give  rise 
to  the  most  varied  and  beautiful  landscapes.  Everywhere 
the  eye  falls  upon  a  mass  of  luxuriant  vegetation.  The 
largest  river  in  Cuba  is  the  Cauto  (kSw'to),  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  island,  having  its  sources  in  the  Sierra  del  Cobre,  or 
Copper  Mountains,  and  falling  into  the  Bay  of  Buenft 
Esperanza,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles.  No  other 
stream  is  navigable  except  by  very  small  boats  and  for  a  few 
miles.  The  coasts  of  Cuba  are  in  general  exceedingly  foul, 
presenting  reefs  and  shallows  which  extend  from  2  to  2^ 
miles  into  the  sea  and  make  the  approach  both  difficult 
and  dangerous.  Within  these  reefs  there  is  often  a  good 
sandy  beach ;  but  for  the  greater  part  of  the  circumference 
of  the  island  there  is  a  belt  or  zone  of  lowland  very  little 
raised  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  subject  to  floods  and  in- 
undations and  wet  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  rendering 
communication  between  the  interior  and  the  sea  next  to 
impossible  in  the  rainy  season.  There  are,  however,  good 
harbors  and  bays  on  all  the  coasts,  including  Havana,  onr* 
of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  West  Indies.  Some  others  ai 
also  excellent,  such  as  Guantanamo,  Santiago  de  Cubi 
Manzanillo,  and  Bahia  de  Jagua  (or  Xagua),  on  the  S.  ooaai 


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Bahia  Honda  and  Puerto  de  Cabailas  on  the  N.W.  coast,  and 
Nipe,  Baracoa  Harbor,  Puerto  Naranjo,  Puerto  del  Padre, 
tad  Matanzas  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  coasts. 

The  mountains  on  the  S.E.  part  of  the  island  appear  to 
have  a  submarine  connection  with  the  heights  of  Hayti  and 
Jamaica;  and  in  this  section  earthquakes  are  frequently 
'  felt.  The  latest  calcareous  formation  is  entirely  corallife- 
'  rous,  goes  on  accumulating  on  all  the  coasts,  and  contains 
1  numerous  animal  remains.  No  traces  of  volcanic  eruption, 
I  properly  so  called,  have  hitherto  been  discovered. 
!     The  mineral  riches  of  Cuba  have  not  yet  been  fully  ex- 

Elored.     Gold  was  obtained  here  by  early  Spanish  colonists, 
ut  very  little  has  been  found  for  two  centuries  past.     Cop- 
i  per  is  more  abundant,  there  being  extensive  mines  of  this 
I  metal  in  the  Sierra  del  Cobre.     They  were  wrought  by  the 
:  Spaniards  at  an  early  period,  but  had  been  abandoned  for  a 
century,  when  they  were  reopened  about  1828.     Mines  of 
alum  and  copperas  were  also  at  one   time  worked  in  the 
mountains  of  J uragua.     Coal  is  abundant,  and  highly  bitu- 
minous, with  little  ash.     A  variegated  serpentine  marble, 
chalcedony,  magnesia,  iron   pyrites,  quartz,  and   feldspar 
slates  and  schists  have  been  found  in  various  places.     The 
fchistose  formation  shows  itself  most  conspicuously  at  the 
base  of  the  mountains  of  San  Juan  and  Trinidad,  where 
great  masses  of  slate  are  to  be  found,  of  a  dark-blue  color 
and  of  a  pyritous  and  bituminous  quality.     In  the  quarries 
!  near  Havana  a  thick  slate  is  found,  fit  for  floors  and  pave- 

iiaents.  The  mineral  bitumen  exhibits  itself  in  the  form  of 
jietroleum,  issuing  from  the  fissures  of  the  rocks,  sometimes 
Eoft,  like  wax  or  half-melted  resin.  There  are  mineral 
j  springs  in  different  parts  of  the  island,  and  on  the  N.  coast 
t,re  extensive  lagoons,  which,  in  dry  years,  produce  immense 
Ciuantities  of  salt. 

The  climate  is  hot  and  dry  during  the  greater  part  of  the 
vear.  The  mean  temperature  is  77°,  but  in  the  interior 
( nly  74°.  The  hottest  months,  July  and  August,  do  not 
{jve  a  greater  average  than  87°;  and  the  coldest,  De- 
cember and  January,  present  the  mean  of  72°.  In  sum- 
iier  the  thermometer  seldom  rises  above  82°  or  86°,  and  its 
( epression  in  winter  so  low  as  50°  is  rare.  Rain  often 
cescends  in  torrents  from  July  to  September,  and  occa- 
Eional  showers  fall  for  a  month  or  two  before  and  after 
these  periods.  No  snow  is  known  ever  to  fall;  but  frost 
cocurs  occasionally  on  the  highest  mountains.  The  vegeta- 
tion of  Cuba  is  exceedingly  luxuriant.  Forests  of  mahogany, 
ebony,  cedar,  fustic,  and  other  useful  woods  abound;  and 
tie  fields  are  covered  with  flowers  and  odoriferous  plants. 
The  principal  cereal  cultivated  is  Indian  corn.  Two  crops 
of  it  are  obtained  in  the  year.  Rice  is  also  produced  in 
considerable  quantities,  also  a  little  cotton,  cacao,  and  in- 
digo; but  the  principal  crops  are  sugar,  cofiee,  and  tobacco, 
^i  considerable  extent  of  country  is  appropriated  to  cattle- 
breeding,  and  to  farms  on  which  are  raised  vegetables, 
maize,  mallochia  grass,  cassava,  onions,  garlic,  poultry,  wax, 
and  honey.  The  principal  fruits  of  the  island  are  oranges, 
pine-apples,  shaddocks,  plantains,  bananas,  melons,  lemons, 
and  sweet  limes ;  figs  and  strawberries  are  also  to  be  had. 

The  most  valuable  domestic  animals  are  the  ox,  horse, 
and  pig,  which  form  a  large  proportion  of  the  wealth  of  the 
Island;  the  sheep,  goat,  and  mule  are  inferior  in  quality 
and  numbers.  The  sylvan  birds  are  numerous  and  in  great 
variety,  but  birds  of  prey  are  few ;  the  principal  is  the  bald- 
headed  vulture,  or  turkey-buzzard.  The  only  indigenous 
quadruped  known  in  Cuba  is  the  hutia,  which  resembles  a 
large  rat,  about  18  inches  long  without  the  tail.  Snakes 
and  reptiles  are  not  very  numerous.  Deer  are  found,  but 
are  said  to  have  been  introduced.  Phosphorescent  insects 
abound,  as  do  also  those  of  a  noxious  description,  including 
chigres,  ants,  mosquitoes,  and  a  spider  with  a  poisonous 
•ting.  There  are  also  centipedes  and  scorpions.  Alliga- 
tors, crocodiles,  and  iguanas  abound. 

Sugar,  cofiee,  and  tobacco  form  the  principal  objects  of 
«ultivation ;  but  of  these  the  first  is  by  far  the  most  im- 
portant. The  quantity  of  sugar  produced  in  Cuba  per 
acre  is  estimated  at  a  little  more  than  2000  pounds,  being 
somewhat  better  than  Jamaica,  but  greatly  short  of  Bar- 
badoes.  The  coffee-plantations  are  confined  almost  solely 
to  the  N.  side  of  the  island,  the  only  part  where  the  precise 
degree  of  heat  most  favorable  to  the  growth  of  the  plant  is 
•to  be  found.  The  best  season  for  planting  the  trees  is  in 
the  middle  of  the  month  of  May ;  the  gathering  commences 
in  August ;  but  November  and  December  are  the  most  active 
and  important  months  of  the  harvest.  The  best  tobacco  is 
grown  in  the  district  of  Vuelta  de  Abajo,  a  little  W.  of 
Havana,  about  84  miles  in  length  and  21  in  breadth;  and 
)here  the  mildest  and  finest  flavored  is  produced  on  the 
fbanks  of  the  San  Sebastian,  most  of  which  is  made  into 


cigars,  celebrated  under  the  name  of  Havana  cigars.  Theie, 
with  leaf-tobacco,  sugar,  molasses,  honey,  wax,  coffee,  ma- 
hogany and  other  woods,  and  copper  ore,  are  the  only  arti- 
cles of  export.  By  far  the  greater  part  of  the  island  is 
covered  with  dense  forests.  Communication  is  difficult,  ex- 
cept by  the  railroads,  which  extend  about  400  miles  in  the 
aggregate. 

The  dominant  class  has  hitherto  been  the  native  Span- 
iards, who  hold  most  of  the  public  ofiices.  The  planters  ar« 
generally  of  Spanish  descent.  The  laboring  class  is  com- 
posed in  part  of  the  late  slaves  of  African  blood  and  their 
descendants,  and  in  part  of  Chinese  coolies.  The  Roman 
Catholic  religion  alone  is  tolerated.  Education  is  in  an  ex- 
ceedingly backward  condition,  and  the  system  of  govern- 
ment has  hitherto  been  of  the  most  illiberal  character.  In 
1868  the  friends  of  Cuban  independence  rose  in  arms,  and 
for  almost  ten  years  carried  on  unrelenting  warfare  with 
the  Spaniards,  the  war  being  chiefly  confined  to  the  eastern 
extremity  of  the  island;  but  in  1878  the  patriots  laid  down 
their  arms,  the  Spanish  authorities  oS"ering  terms  of  great 
liberality  and  promising  great  reforms.  Cuba  is  now  en- 
titled to  representation  in  the  Spanish  cortes  at  Madrid. 
The  seat  of  government  is  at  Havana,  the  principal  city 
and  seaport.  The  governor-captain-general  before  the  re- 
volt possessed  despotic  powers.  Slavery  was  abolished  in 
1886.  The  population  is  about  1,500,000,  of  whom  976,000 
are  Spaniards,  475,000  negroes,  and  50,000  Chinese. 

Cuba,  a  city,  island  of  Cuba.    See  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

Cuba^  koo'bi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  14  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3721. 

Cu'ba^  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  38  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Peoria,  and  about  8  miles  N.  of  Lewistown. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  brick-fac- 
tories, and  a  cigar-factory.  Good  coal  is  extensively  mined 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1114. 

Cuba,  a  township  of  Lake  co..  111.  Pop.  970.  See 
Barrington  Station. 

Cuba,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  Santa  Ffi. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  15  mileb 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  415. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
the  Paducah  &,  Memphis  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Cuba  (Cato  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  1 
mile  from  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  2  stores. 

Cuba,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  parish,  La.,  on  the  Oua- 
chita River,  19  miles  S.  of  Monroe. 

Cuba,  a  township  of  Becker  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  470. 

Cuba,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St. 
Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  91  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Louis,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Steelville.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  flour- mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

Cuba,  a  post-village  of  Allegany  co.,  N.Y.,  17  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Belmont.  It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
national  banks,  several  cheese-factories,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  flour- mills,  a  butter-package  factory,  &a.     Pop.  1386. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C.,  16  miles 
S.  of  Marion. 

Cuba,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Washington 
township,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Memphis. 

Cuba  City,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Galena  &  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Ga- 
lena, 111.  It  has  2  churches,  a  feed-mill,  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Cubagua,  koo-B&'gw&,  a  small  island  of  Venezuela,  30 
miles  N.  of  Caracas,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  between  Marga- 
rita and  the  mainland. 

Cu^bahat'chee  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  northwestward 
through  Macon  co.,  and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River. 

Cuban,  a  river  of  Caucasus.     See  Kooban. 

Cuba  Station,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Livingston,  and  21  miles  from  Meridian.  It  has  3  ohurohes, 
planing-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy.     Pop.  400. 

Cubcabea,  or  Cubkabia.    See  Coobcabia. 

Cub  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Charlotte  oo.,  Va.,  is  at 
Harrisbdrg. 

Cubero,  koo-ba'ro,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  oo..  New 
Mexico,  72  miles  by  rail  (or  50  miles  direct)  W.  of  Alba- 
querque.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  418. 

Cub  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md 

Cublize,  kiibMecE',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rh&ne,  on 
the  Rhone,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons.    Pop.  2125. 


CUB 


CUL 


Cub  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  lat.  39°  32'  10" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  23'  10"  W.     It  has  an  altitude  of  10,623  feet. 

Cub  Run,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Munfordville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

CubzaCy  kiib^zik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bordeaux,  on  the  Dordogne.     Pop.  975. 

Cucamonga,  koo^k&-mon'g&,  a  post-village  of  San 
Bernardino  oo.,  Cal.,  42  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cucharas,  koo-cha'ris,  a  river  of  Colorado,  rises  near 
La  Veta,  runs  northeastward  in  Huerfano  co.,  and  enters  the 
Huerfano  River  about  27  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Cucharas,  a  post-village  of  Huerfano  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Cucharas  River,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad, 
60  miles  S.  of  Pueblo,  at  the  junction  of  the  La  Veta  Branch 
Railroad.     Here  are  rich  coal-fields.     Elevation,  5956  feet. 

Cuchivara,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Purus. 

Cuchnllin  Hills,  in  Scotland.    See  Coolin  Hills. 

Cuck'field,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Sussex,  34  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  London.     Pop.  932. 

Cuckoo,  ko5k'koo,  or  Cuckooville,  a  post-village 
of  Louisa  CO.,  Va.,  3  miles  from  Pendleton  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  or  3  churches. 
Silver  and  copper  are  said  to  be  found  here.     P.  about  460. 

Cncurron,  kii^kiiR^R6N»'  (anc.  Oucurof),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Vaucluse,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Apt.    Pop.  1781. 

Cucuta,  koo-koo'ti,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Santander,  on  the  Venezuelan  frontier.  Lat. 
7°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  W. 

Cuda,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Portuguese  river  CoA. 

Cud^dalore',  Cud^alor',  or  Gud^alur'  (Gud>- 
alu'ru),  a  town  of  British  India,  in  South  Arcot,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pondicherry,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Punnair.  It  is  a  sanitary  resort,  and  has  trade 
in  fish  and  cotton,  with  manufactures  of  salt,  paper,  and 
sugar.     Pop.  40,290. 

Cud'dapah,  or  Kadapa,  kiid'd&-p&,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  district,  138  miles  N.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  14° 
32'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  54'  E.  Diamonds  are  obtained  near  it. 
Pop.  16,275. 

Cuddapah,  a  district  of  British  India^  presidency  of 
Madras.  Lat.  13°  12'-16°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  52'-79°  48'  E. 
Area,  8367  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Eastern 
Ghauts,  a  range  of  mountains,  E.  of  which  the  country  is 
a  low  plain,  but  westward  it  is  a  high  plateau.  Capital, 
Cuddapah.     Pop.  1,500,000. 

Cud'debacKville,  a  small  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  and  the  Montioello 
&  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port  Jervis.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Cud'desdon,  a  village  of  England,  in  Bucks,  6  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  college  of  divinity.     P.  410. 

Cudillero,  koo-neel-yi'ro,  or  Oleiro,  o-li'e-ro,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Asturias,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.     Pop.  1940. 

Cudrefin,  kii^dr^h-f&N"',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in 
Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Neufch§,tel,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Avenches. 

Cud'worth,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  657. 

Cuellar,  kw51-yaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Segovia.     It  has  a  fine  castle.     Pop.  3000. 

Cuenca,  kwfin'ki,  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Huescar  and  the 
Jucar,  84  miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  6931.  It  is  enclosed 
by  high  walls,  and  has  7  gates,  a  richly  adorned  cathedral, 
a  handsome  episcopal  palace,  14  parish  churches,  13  con- 
vents, several  colleges  and  hospitals,  a  diocesan  school,  and 
8  bridges  across  the  rivers.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
stuff's  and  paper.  It  gives  its  name  to  the  Sierra  Cuenca,  a 
part  of  the  Iberian  Mountains,  which  traverse  the  province. 
Cuenca  was  at  one  time  celebrated  for  its  literature,  arts,  and 
manufactories. 

Cuenca,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  between 
lat.  39°  20'  and  40°  47'  N.,  Ion.  1°  5'  and  3°  W.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  province  of  Guadalajara.  Capi- 
tal, Cuenca.     Area,  7990  square  miles.     Pop.  238,731. 

Cuenca,  kwSn'ki,  or  Rambae,  a  city  of  Ecuador, 
department  of  Assuay,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
name,  in  a  wide  plain,  8640  feet  above  the  sea,  85  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Quito.  It  has  a  cathedral,  various  other  ecclesi- 
astical edifices,  a  university,  and  trade  in  cheese,  confec- 
tionery, hats,  bark,  and  rural  produce.  In  its  vicinity  are 
various  Peruvian  antiquities.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
There  are  here  extensive  sugar-refineries.  A  little  to  the 
S.  is  the  mountain  of  Tarqui,  which  Condamine  and  other 
French  astronomers  selected  for  their  meridian  in  1742. 
Pop.  about  20,000. 


Cuernavaca,  kwSR-n&-T&'k&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  oapi. 
tal  of  the  state  of  Morelos,  40  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Mex- 
ico, on  a  mountain-spur  jutting  into  a  valley.  It  consist! 
of  numerous  steep  and  narrow  streets,  with  ranges  of  one- 
storied  houses  fronted  with  balconies  and  porches. 

Cuero,  kwi'ro,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Witt  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  28  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Victoria,  and  103  miles  by  rail  E,S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  national  and  2  private  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  2  cotton-gins,  and  cotton-  and  oil-facto- 
ries.    Pop.  in  1890.  2442. 

Cuers,  kwaiR  (anc.  Ca»'trum  de  Cor' da .'),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Var,  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Toulon.     P.  3683. 

Cuesmes,  kwaim,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Mons.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  6721. 

Cueva  de  Vera,  kwi'vi  di  vi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Almanzora.  Pop.  7500.  Many 
of  its  inhabitants  are  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  salt- 
petre and  in  potteries.  It  has  risen  into  importance  from 
the  silver-mines  discovered  in  its  vicinity. 

Cuevas  de  San  Marcos,  kw&'v&s  d&  s&n  maR'kos,  or 
Altas,  &l't&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  miles  N. 
of  Malaga.     Pop.  4450. 

Cuevas  de  Vinroma,  kw&'v&s  d&  veen-ro'm&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     P.  2600. 

Cuf  fey's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Big  River  township.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Mendocino  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel, 
and  1  or  2  lumber-mills.  About  3,000,000  feet  of  lumber, 
pine  and  redwood,  are  manufactured  here  in  a  year  and  ex- 
ported in  vessels. 

Cuggiono-Maggiore,  kood-jo'no-m&d-jo'ri,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  18  miles  W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  4951. 

Cuglieri,  kool-y&'ree,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  9  miles  S.I. 
of  Bosa.     Pop.  4200. 

Cuiaba,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Cctaba. 

Cuisery,  kwee'z§h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sadne-et> 
Loire,  on  the  Seille,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  1586b 

Cnisseaux,  kwee^so',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sadne-et* 
Loire,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  1626. 

Cuivre,  kwee'v'r  (local  pron.  kwiv'^r),  a  township  of 
Audrain  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1480. 

Cuivre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  on  or  neai 
the  Cuivre  River,  about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  from  HannibaL 
It  has  a  church. 

Cuivre,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3271.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Bowling  Green. 

Cuivre  River.    See  Copper  River. 

Cularo,  the  ancient  name  of  Grenoble. 

Cul^awhee',  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.    P.  620. 

Cul'bertson,  a  station  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Culbertson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hitchcock  oo., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  French* 
man  Fork,  60  miles  S.  of  North  Platte  Railroad  Station. 

Cul'bome,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on 
the  Bristol  Channel,  8i  miles  W.  of  Minehead.  The  village 
and  church  are  so  buried  among  the  lofty  and  almost  per- 
pendicular hills,  with  an  elevation  of  1300  feet,  that  for  three 
months  in  winter  the  sun  is  never  seen. 

Cui^drum',  a  post-township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  16 
miles  W.  of  Little  Falls.     Pop.  146. 

Cnlebra,  Colorado.    See  San  Luis. 

Culebra,  koo-li'bri,  a  river  of  Costa  Rica,  enters  the 
Caribbean  Sea  near  the  Lagoon  of  Chiriqui. 

Culebra,  koo-l&'br&,  or  Passage  Island,  a  small 
island  of  the  West  Indies,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is  about  7  miles  long,  and  be- 
longs to  Spain.     Pop.  300. 

Culebra,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  belonging  to  the 
Philippines.     Lat.  11°  18'  N.j  Ion.  123°  3'  E. 

Culebra,  koo-li'bri,  a  seaport  of  Costa  Rica,  in  lat. 
10°  35'  N.,  Ion.  85°  38'  W.  It  has  a  fine  port,  and  afford* 
safe  anchorage  for  ships  of  any  burden. 

Culebra  (koo-li'brS,)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  about 
38  miles  W.  of  Trinidad.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,079  feet 
above  the  sea-level.    See  Rio  Culebra. 

Culenborg,  Netherlands.     See  Kuilenburg. 

Culiacan,  koo-le-i-k4n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  90  mileB 
S.E.  of  Cinaloa,  in  a  fertile  tract,  on  the  river  Culiacan- 
Pop.  10,000.     It  is  a  depot  for  goods  passing  between  Guay- . 
mas  and  Mazatlan. 

Culla,  kool'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  26  mil«« 
N.  by  W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1405. 

Cullar  de  Baza,  kool-yan'  di  bi'thi,  a  town  of  SpaiI^ ; 
in  Andalusia,  68  miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada.    Pop.  3700. 


CUL 


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CulPasa'ja,  a  post-office  of  Maoon  oo.,  N.C. 

CulMatoor'  and  CulUoor',  two  towns  of  India,  the 
former  in  British  India,  the  latter  in  the  Nizam's  dominions, 
200  miles  E.N.E,  of  Hyderabad. 

Cyl'Ien,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Banff,  on  the  Cullen,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  at  its 
mouth  in  Cullen  Bay  (North  Sea).     Pop.  3801. 

Cul'len^  a|po8t-rillage  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  9  milea 
(direct)  S.  of  Herkimer,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
ft  cheese-factory,  &o.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cullen's  Woody  Ireland,  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  on  its 
S.E.  side. 

Culleo'ka^  a  post-village  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
i  mile  E.  of  Pleasant  Grove  Station,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  2  cotton- 
gins,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  334. 

Cnlleray  kool-yi'ri  (anc.  Su'crof),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Valencia,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean, at  the  mouth  of  the  Jucar.  It  exports  grain,  wine, 
fruits,  vegetables,  paper,  and  salt  fish.  CuUera  has  always, 
from  its  natural  position,  been  esteemed  a  place  of  great 
military  importance:  the  walls,  towers,  and  fortifications 
have  been  repeatedly  dismantled  and  rebuilt.     Pop.  9814. 

Cul'lercoats,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England, 
<50.  of  Northumberland,  IJ  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Tyne- 
mouth.     Pop.  1398. 

Cull'man,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  is 
drained  by  the  Black  Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  South  <fc  North  Alabama  Eailroad. 

pital,  Cullman.     This   county  was  formed  of  parts   of 

lount  and  Winston.     Pop.  in  1880,  6355 ;  in  1890, 13,439. 

CallmaUy  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala., 
>D  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of 
'ecatur.     It  is  on  Sand  Mountain  (said  to  be  the  highest 

lace  in  the  state),  and  has  a  United  States  signal  station. 
!t  has  6  churches,  a  brewery,  a  tannery,  a  furniture-fae- 
ry, 2  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 

id  wine-cellars.     Pop.  in  1890,  1017. 

Cnllo'den,  or  Drnminos'sie  Moor,  a  wide,  moory 
ridge  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Inverness,  memorable  for  the  total 
defeat  of  Prince  Charles's  army,  on  the  16th  of  April,  1746, 

the  Duke  of  Cumberland.    On  the  moor,  4  miles  E.N.E. 

Inverness,  stands  Culloden  House. 

Cullo'deu,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  about  33 

les  W.  of  Macon.    It  has  a  brick  church  and  an  academy. 

Cullo'den,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  10 
liles  S.  of  Ingersoll.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  3  saw -mills, 
cheese-factory,  a  potash-factory,  several  stores,  <fcc.    P.  200. 

Cullomptoii)  a  town  of  England.    See  Collompton. 

CuH'om,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  9  miles 

'  rail  N.E.  of  Chatsworth.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Cull  em's,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 

"ississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Cnlloory  a  town  of  India.     See  Cullatoor. 

Cullowliee)  or  Culawhee,  kul-law'ee,  a  post-town- 
ship of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  520. 

Cully,  kUriee',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  on  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  976. 

Cul'ly's,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Colum- 
bia <fc  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Culm  and  Culiubach.     See  Kulm  and  Kulmbach. 

Cul'merville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Tarentum.     It  has  a  store,  a  wagon-shop, 

d  4  dwellings. 

Culna,  or  Kalna,  kill'nq,,  a  town  of  the  Burdwan  dis- 

ict,  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  43  miles  N.  of  Calcutta.     It 

has  a  great  trade  in  rice,  silk,  and  cotton,  a  splendid  palace 

of  the  Maharajah  of  Burdwan,  an  important  ferry,  and 

indigo-works.     Pop.  27,336. 

Culna,  or  Khulua,  k'hul'na  (anc.  Khalana),  a  town 
of  Bengal,  capital  of  the  Sunderbunds,  district  of  Jessore, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Ganges,  78  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calcutta.  It 
has  sugar-refineries,  and  is  the  seat  of  extensive  trade. 

Culnai)  kool-ni',  a  village  of  Peru,  in  the  Andes,  dis- 
trict of  Canta,  about  lat.  10°  10'  S.,  remarkable  only  for  its 
great  elevation,  being  about  10,000  feet  above  sea-level. 

Curpee',  or  Kalpi,  kiirpee',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  a 
jungly  and  unhealthy  position,  on  the  Hoogly  River,  34 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Calcutta. 

Cul'peper,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
ftn  area  of  about  322  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  and 
on  the  S.  by  the  Rapidan  River.  The  surface  is  agreeably 
diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests ;  the  soil  produces 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  <&c.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Washington  City,  Virginia  Midland  &  Great  South- 
63 


em   Railroad.     Capital,  Culpeper.     Pop.  in   1870,  12,227  : 
in  1880,  13,408;  in  1890,  13,233. 

Culpeper,  a  hamlet  of  Cannon  oo.,  Tenn.,  15  milee  E. 
of  Murfreesborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Culpeper,  or  Fairfax,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cul- 
peper CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Washington  City  &  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad,  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washington.  It  has  5  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills  for  flour,  plas- 
ter, &c.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop. 
1620.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Culpeper. 

Culross,  kiil-ross',  a  borough  of  l^cotland,  co.  of  Perth, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Edinburgh.  It  stands  on  a  steep  acclivity,  is  meanly  built, 
and  contains  a  parish  church,  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
chapel,  and  those  of  Culross  Abbey.     Pop.  of  parish,  1354. 

CuFver,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  La  Fayette.    It  has  general  stores. 

Culver,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Salina,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  mill, 
general  stores,  and  business  houses.  Pop.  about  115 ;  of 
Culver  township,  635. 

Culver,  a  hamlet  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  about  42  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Omer. 

Culver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Matagorda. 

Cul'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  &.  Augusta  Railroad,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Macon.  It 
has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  about 
100 ;  of  Culverton  township,  1082. 

Cuma,  koo'ma,  a  fortress  of  Italy,  11  miles  W.  of  Naples, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  occupying  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Gumse. 

Cumand,  koo-m4-ni',  a  city  of  Venezuela,  in  the  state 
of  Bermudez,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cariaco,  at  the  month  of  the  i 
Manzanares.  Lat.  of  Fort  Booa  del  Rio,  10°  27'  6"  N., 
Ion.  64°  11'  W.  It  has  several  suburbs,  and  a  fort  on  an 
adjacent  height,  but  no  remarkable  edifices ;  and,  on  account 
of  frequent  earthquakes,  all  its  houses  are  low-pitched. 
Its  roadstead  is  excellent  and  capacious.  Export  trade  in 
cattle,  smoked  meat,  salt  fish,  cacao,  and  other  provisions. 
Cumand  is,  the  oldestEuropean  cLtX-fit.llie_£ew_Contineat^ 
having  Been  foumlea^by  Diego  Castellon  in  1523.  'Before 
the  revolution  of  1823  its  population  was  upwards  of  30,000. 
Estimated  population  in  1889,  10,000.  This  city  gave  its 
name  to  the  former  state  of  Cuman^  (of  which  it  was  the 
capital),  having  the  Caribbean  Sea  on  the  N.  and  the  state 
of  Maturin  on  the  S.  Its  surface  was  generally  level,  with  I 
some  mountainous  districts.  Its  area  was  3898  square 
miles,  and  its  population  about  60,000. 

Cumanacoa,  koo-mi-ni-ko'S,,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
in  the  state  of  Bermudez,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Cumani. 
Pop.  2800.     It  has  a  cool  and  healthy  climate. 

Cumania,  or  Kumania,  koo-mi'ne-a  (Ger.  Ku- 
manien,  koo-m4'ne-en ;  Hun.  Kunsdg,  koon-shig'),  a  dis- 
trict of  Europe  at  the  time  of  the  Crusades,  extending  N. 
of  the  Danube  and  N.W.  of  the  Black  Sea,  comprising  the 
present  Moldavia,  Wallachia,  and  part  of  South  Russia  W. 
of  the  Dnieper.  Great  and  Little  Cumania  are  present 
districts  of  Central  Hungary. 

Great  Cumania  (Hun.  Nayy  Kunt&g,  nSdj  (or  nody) 
koon^shig')  lies  beyond  the  Theiss,  chiefly  between  47°  and 
47°  40'  N.  lat.  and  20°  30'  and  21°  10'  E.  Ion.  Area,  about 
424  square  miles.  The  whole  surface  is  a  low,  swampy 
plain.  The  Cumanians  are  a  robust,  athletic  race,  very 
fond  of  rural  pursuits,  and  are  altogether  a  rich,  happy, 
and  independent  people.  The  population  amounts  to  about 
55,000,  of  whom  37,000  are  Protestants.  Great  Cumania 
contains  one  market-town,  Kardzag-Uj-Sz&lIHs. 

Little  Cumania  (Hun.  Kis  Kunsdg,  kish  koon'shig'), 
in  Hither  Theiss,  consists  of  several  detached  portions  of 
land,  with  an  aggregate  area  of  about  1000  square  miles,  so 
that  it  is  more  than  twice  as  large  as  Great  Cumania  ;  but 
the  latter  was  once  far  more  extensive.  Pop.  about  64,000. 
The  general  features  of  the  country,  and  the  character  and 
condition  of  the  inhabitants,  correspond  with  those  of  Great 
Cumania.     Their  largest  town  is  Felegyhdzn.     Lat.  about 

46°  43'  N.,  Ion.  19°  54'  E. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cumaxian, 

ku-m&'ne-an. 

Cumbal,  koom-b&l',  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes,  m 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  a  little  N.  of  the  equator. 
Height,  15,710  feet. 

Cum'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  43  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vassar. 

Cum'berland,  the  most  N.W.  county  of  England, 
having  N.  Solway  Firth  and  the  Esk  and  Liddel  Rivers, 


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•eparating  it  from  Scotland,  and  W.  the  Irish  Sea.  Area, 
1516  square  miles.  Surface  mountainous  and  highly  pic- 
turesque. Skiddaw  rises  to  3022  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Eden,  Esk,  and  Derwent.  In  this 
county  are  the  beautiful  lakes  of  Derwent-Water,  Bas- 
eenthwaite,  Borrowdale,  Buttermere,  and  Ullswater,  on  the 
borders  of  Westmoreland.  The  county  is  traversed  by  many 
railways.  Near  Whitehaven  and  Newington  are  extensive 
and  profitable  beds  of  coal,  and  in  Borrowdale  there  is  a 
celebrated  mine  of  graphite,  whence  large  quantities  of  that 
mineral  were  formerly  procured.  Lead,  iron,  and  slate  are 
also  obtained.  The  principal  towns  are  Carlisle,  the  capital, 
Whitehaven,  Cockermouth,  Penrith,  Keswick,  Maryport, 
Workington,  Wigton,  and  Egremont.  Cattle  and  wool  are 
Btaple  products.    Pop.  in  1881,  250,647 ;  in  1891,  266,560. 

Cnm'berland)  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Embarras  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  or  slightly 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Terre 
Haute  &  Indianapolis  Eailroad,  the  Illinois  Central  Kail- 
road,  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad,  and  the 
Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railroad.  Capital,  Toledo. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,223 ;  in  1880,  13,769 ;  in  1890,  15,443. 

Cumberland)  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  315  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Marrowbone,  Crow's,  and  Kettle  Creeks,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cumberland  River,  which  is  navigable  in  this 
part  of  its  course.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  moderately  fertile. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Hickory,  poplar,  oak,  beech,  sycamore,  and  sweet-gum  are 
the  principal  trees  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Burkes- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  7690 ;  in  1880,  8894 ;  in  1890,  8452. 

Cumberland)  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Maine,  has 
An  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  partly  by  the  Saco 
River.  The  Androscoggin  River  forms  part  of  the  N.E. 
boundary.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  forests  and  lakes 
or  ponds,  the  largest  of  which  is  Sebago  Lake.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the 
state.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  the 
Orand  Trunk  Railway,  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.  Casco  Bay  affords 
great  facilities  for  navigation  and  fisheries.  Capital,  Port- 
land. Pop.  in  1870,  82,021;  in  1880,  86,359;  in  1890, 
90,949. 

Cumberland)  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  Jersey, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  Delaware  Bay,  and  intersected  by  Maurice 
River  and  Cohansey  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  small  pine-trees.  The 
soil  is  generally  sandy.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  and  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  both  communicating  with  Bridge- 
ton,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  34,665;  in  1880,  37,687;  in 
1890,  45,438. 

Cumberland)  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cape  Fear  River,  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by  South 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  Little  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile,  and 
produces  Indian  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  Tar  and  turpen- 
tine are  among  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county  is 
partly  traversed  by  the  Cape  Fear  A  Tadkin  "Valley  and 
Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through 
Fayetteville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,035;  in  1880, 
23,826;  in  1890,  27,321, 

Cumberland)  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
Tania,  has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Conedogwinit  Creek ;  it  is  also  partly  drained  by  Yellow 
Breeches  Creek.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain  ex- 
tends along  the  northern  border  of  this  county,  which  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  South  Mountain.  Between 
these  mountains  lies  the  wide  and  very  fertile  Cumberland 
Valley,  in  which  good  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  is  abun- 
dant. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  iron  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  and  the 
Gettysburg  A  Harrisburg  Railroad.  Capital,  Carlisle.  Pop. 
in  1870,  43,912;  in  1880,  45,977;  in  1890,  47,271. 


Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Ten- 
nessee, has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  small  affluents  of  the  Cumberland  and  Clinch  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  partly  mountainous,  forming 
part  of  the  northwestern  slope  of  the  Cumberland  Moun- 
tain. A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Capital 
Crossville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3461;  in  1880,  4638;  in  1890. 
5376. 

Cumberland)  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ap- 
pomattox River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  said  to  have  been  worn  out 
Tobacco,  Indian  com,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Cumberland  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  8142 ;  in 
1880,  10,540 ;  in  1890,  9482. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Warren  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  newspaper  of&ce.     Pop.  800. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  26  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Greenfield,  and  11  miles  direct  S.E.  of  Atlan- 
tic. It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  wire  fence, 
Ac.    Pop.  500. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
on  the  sea-coast,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Portland.  It 
has  5  churches.  The  township  borders  on  Casco  Bay,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1487.    See  Cumberland  Centre. 

Cumberland)  a  city,  the  capital  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
is  on  the  Potomac  River,  178  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Balti- 
more, and  150  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  It  is  a  great 
railroad  terminus,  and  is  also  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Chesa- 
peake A  Ohio  Canal.  The  Cumberland  A  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  extends  from  this  place  southwestward  to  Pied- 
mont, W.  Va. ;  and  this  road  also  connects  the  town  with 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  by  a  northward  extension.  It 
is  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain-scenery.  Cumber- 
land is  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population,  and  has 
a  Catholic  academy  and  convent,  a  house  of  Capuchins,  3 
national  banks,  18  churches,  a  steel  roller-mill,  steel-works, 
paper-mill,  2  glass-works,  cement-works,  large  distillery, 
several  breweries,  2  tanneries,  shafting-works,  flour-  and 
planing-mills,  and  3  railroad  repair-shops.  Two  daily  and 
5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
10,693;  in  1890,  12,790. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Miss., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Starkville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  in  Spencer  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Eastern  Ohio  Railroad,  about  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Zanesville,  and  13  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Cam- 
bridge. It  has  3  churches,  2  planing-mills,  flouring-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  tile.     Pop.  in  1890,  601. 

Cumberland)  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.    P.  1688. 

Cumberland)  a  township  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.  Coal, 
pietroleum,  pyrites,  and  salt-brines  are  among  its  mineral 
resources.     Pop.  1729. 

Cumberland)  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  the 
northeasternmost  township  in  the  state.  It  contains  coal 
and  many  interesting  minerals.    Pop.  8090. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Barron.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  1219. 

Cumberland)  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Ottawa  River,  16  miles  below  Ottawa.  It  has  several 
stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  good  lumber-trade.     Pop.  200. 

Cumberland)  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Nova 
Scotia,  bordering  on  Northumberland  Strait,  and  partly 
separated  from  New  Brunswick  by  Chignecto  Bay.  The 
coasts  are  deeply  indented,  affording  many  fine  harbors. 
The  surface  is  broken,  a  portion  being  occupied  by  the  Co- 
bequid  Mountains.  Cumberland  co.  contains  some  of  the 
richest  coal-mines  in  Nova  Scotia.  The  coal  formation  also 
furnishes  immense  quantities  of  gray  and  buff  grindstones. 
The  county  also  abounds  with  gypsum.  Area,  1612  square 
miles.     Capital,  Amherst.     Pop.  23,518. 

Cumberland)  a  peninsula  of  the  North-West  Territo- 
ries, Canada,  having  N.E.  Davis  Strait,  and  S.W.  North- 
umberland Inlet,  between  the  parallels  of  64°  40'  and  67 
30'  of  N.  latitude. 

Cumberland  Basin  is  the  N.E.  portion  of  Chig- 
necto Bay,  which  communicates  on  the  S.W.  with  the  Bay 
of  Fundy.     Lat.  45°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  30'  W. 

Cumberland  Bay)  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of 
Juan  Fernandez,  off  the  coast  of  Chili.  ^ 

Cumberland  Bay-)  a  part  of  Lake  Champlain,  «  a 
I  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.     Plattsburg  is  situated  on  this  bay. 


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Cumberland  Centre^  a  post-village  of  Cumberland 
M).,  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of 
Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  the  Greeley  Institute.  At 
Humberland  Junction,  near  the  village,  the  Augusta  and 
Lewiston  divisions  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  unite. 
It  has  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
inmber. 

[  Cumberland  City)  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ey., 
10  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  7^  miles  S.  of  the  Cumberland 
River.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-bank,  the  coal  being 
^rried  to  the  river  on  a  short  railroad.    This  town  is  the 

[eat  of  a  trade  in  crude  petroleum.  Pop.  150. 
Cumberland  City,  a  post- village  of  Stewart  co., 
]'3nn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
]larkesville,  and  12  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Dover.  It  has  2 
ihurohes,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop. 
n  1890,  244. 

Cumberland  Court-House,  or  ETflngham,  a 
)ost-viIIage,  capital  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  18  miles  by 
ail  N.N.E.  of  Farmville,  and  24  miles  W.  of  Powhatan, 
it  has  a  church. 

I  Cumberland  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co., 
Tonn.,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville.  Here  is  an  iron- 
I'nmace. 

r  Cumberland  Gap,  at  the  southwestern  extremity  of 
V  irginia,  on  the  line  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  is  a  cleft 
pi  pass  through  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  500  feet  deep, 
fii  in  some  parts  but  just  wide  enough  for  a  road.  It  was 
«.  important  strategic  point  in  the  war  of  1861-65. 
I  Cumberland  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co., 
fdnn.,  69  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches, 
f  lank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  college.     Pop.  1000. 

El  Cumberland  Harbor,  or  Bay  of  Guantanamo, 
h  r&n-t&-ni'mo,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba  (lat.  of  East  Head, 
ft*  53'  N.,  Ion.  75°  15'  W.),  is  a  spacious  and  perfectly  safe 
pc  rt.  Vessels  of  26  feet  draught  can  enter,  but  those  draw- 
ls over  14  feet  cannot  come  to  the  wharf  at  Caimanera. 
Cumberland  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co., 
I.,  about  a  mile  east  of  Manville  Railroad  Station,  and 
out  13  miles  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Cumberland  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  of  Stewart 
TO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  28  miles  below 
[ylurksville.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Cumberland  Island,  the  largest  and  most  southerly 
pf  the  sea-islands  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  off  Camden  co., 
8  22  miles  long  and  from  1  to  5  miles  wide.  It  is  famous 
18  the  home  and  burial-place  of  General  Nathanael  Greene, 
wd  is  now  a  winter  resort. 

Cumberland  Island  is  a  double  peninsula  of  Baffin 
jsnd,  extending  into  Davis'  Strait. 

Cumberland  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the  Dan- 
jerous  Archipelago. 

I  Cumberland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Mi.,  in  Westbrook  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester 
Eltjlroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
aige  manufactory  of  paper. 

Cumberland  Mountain  or  Table-Land,  a  part 
>f  the  Appalachian  system,  is  mostly  in  the  state  of  Tennes- 
e<),  extending  along  the  southeastern  boundary  of  Ken- 
uuky.  Its  direction  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W.  It  is  com- 
)03ed  of  Devonian  slate,  carboniferous  limestone,  and  the 
soal  formation,  which  is  the  upper  and  most  recent  part  of 
t.  The  portion  included  in  Tennessee  is  a  high  table-land, 
vhioh  in  some  places  has  a  broad  and  level  top  not  more 
ban  2000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  presents  on 
laoh  side  a  steep  declivity.  From  this  table-land  several 
idges  or  mountains  rise  to  the  height  of  about  2800  feet 
ib<jve  the  sea-level.  Mines  of  good  bituminous  coal  have 
)e«n  opened  in  this  mountain  in  Tennessee.  The  area  of 
he  ooal  measures,  according  to  McFarlane,  is  coextensive 
pith  that  of  the  table-land,  and  is  about  6100  square  miles, 
this  table-land,  which  is  about  50  miles  wide,  is  well  tim- 
)ered  with  chestnut,  hickory,  white  ash,  oak,  maple,  and 
line. 

Cumberland  River,  one  of  the  largest  affluents  of 
he  Ohio  River,  rises  in  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  in 
larlan  co.,  Ky.,  and  runs  towards  nearly  every  point  of 
he  compass  except  the  east.  It  intersects  several  counties 
)f  Kentucky,  and  flows  from  Cumberland  oo.  southwestward 
nto  Middle  Tennessee,  in  which  it  runs  nearly  westward 
0  Nashville.  Below  this  point  its  general  direction  is 
JOrthwestward,  and,  after  it  has  intersected  Montgomery 
ind  Stewart  cos.,  it  returns  into  Kentucky.  In  Lyon  co. 
Jf  this  state  it  is  only  about  3  miles  from  the  Tennessee 
Aiver.  It  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Smithland.  Its  length 
^  estimated  at  650  miles.  Steamboats  ascend  it  to  Nash- 
fille,  which  is  192  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  a  large  portion 


of  it  above  Nashville  is  navigable  daring  high  water.  la 
Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  the  river  has  a  vertical  fall  of  about  83 
feet,  and  the  descent  from  the  foot  of  these  falls  to  its  month 
is  481  feet. 

Cumberland  River,  a  station  in  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cumberland 
River,  4  miles  W.  of  Eddyville. 

Cumberland  Sound,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  between 
Florida  and  Georgia,  receives  the  waters  of  St.  Mary'» 
River,  and  forms  the  entrance  to  Fernandina  Harbor. 

Cumberland  University.    See  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

Cumberland  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  is  in  a  narrow  valley,  19  miles  long,  between  Evit's 
and  Wills  Mountains.     It  has   8  churches.     Pop.  1357. 

Cumberland  Works,  N.J.    See  Marshallvillb. 

Cumbernauld,  kiim'b^r-nawd,  a  burgh  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Dumbarton,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Glasgow.  The 
town,  in  a  fine  valley,  has  a  good  church  and  library.  Near 
it  is  the  remnant  of  a  Roman  wall.     Pop.  1193. 

Cumbo'la,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  oj 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pottsville.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Near 
it  are  2  churches. 

Cnmbray,  kum-brS'  (Great  and  Little),  or  The 
Cnmbraes,  kiim-braze',  two  islands  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Bute,  Firth  of  Clyde,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Largs.     Pop.  1624. 

Cumbre,  or  La  Cumbre,  li  koom'bri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Estremadura,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caceres.    Pop.  2081. 

Cumbre,  or  La  Cumbre  {i.e.,  "the  summit"),  a 
pass  across  the  Andes,  between  Santiago  de  Chili  and  Men- 
doza,  lat.  33°  S.,  Ion.  70°  20'  W.     Elevation,  12,454  feet. 

Cnmbres  Mayores,  koom'brfis  mi-yo'rfis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  2471. 

Cnm'bria,  an  ancient  British  principality,  comprising, 
with  the  greater  part  of  Cumberland,  several  Scotch  dis- 
tricts in  the  counties  of  Wigtown  and  Ayr.  Early  in  the 
eleventh  century  it  was  given  to  Malcolm,  Prince  of  Scot- 
land, to  be  held  as  a  fief  of  the  crown  of  England. Adj. 

Cumbrian,  ktim'bre-an. 

Cnm'brian  Mountains,  a  range  of  hills  in  England, 
occupying  part  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Westmore- 
land, and  Lancaster. 

Cnm'brie,  an  African  tribe,  to  be  met  with  chiefly  in 
the  kingdom  of  Yaooree,  in  Houssa,  and  in  the  towns  and 
villages  on  the  banks  of  the  Niger,  in  the  central  parts  of 
Soodan,  towards  the  S.  They  are  a  mild,  harmless,  and 
industrious  race. 

Cumiana,  koo-me-8,'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
7  miles  N.  of  Pinerolo,  on  the  Cisola.     Pop.  5685. 

Cum'ing,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  about  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Plum  and  Cuming 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  deep  and 
fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county,  is  prairie.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Sioux 
City  &  Paoiflc  Railroad.  Capital,  West  Point.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2964;  in  1880,  5569;  in  1890,  12,265. 

Cnmings,  a  post-village  of  Trail  co.,  N.D.,  47  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Fargo,  and  about  11  miles  (direct)  W.N.W. 
of  Caledonia.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Cumino,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean.    See  Coming. 

Cumly,  koom'Iee,  or  Coom'bia,  a  maritime  town  and 
fort  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  on  a  peninsula 
surrounded  by  a  salt  lake,  near  the  Malabar  coast,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Mangalore. 

Cum'ming,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Forsyth  oo.,  Ga., 
about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  267. 

Cnmming,  Warren  co.,  Ga.    See  Barnbtt. 

Cumming,  a  post- village  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  oburoh  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  100. 

Cnmmings,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  now  an- 
nexed to  Chicago,  14  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  blast-furnace,  cement-works, 
Ac.     Pop.  2000. 

Cnmmings,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  oo.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  ohurohes. 
Pop.  100, 

Cnm'mingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo., 
Tenn.,  21  miles  E.  of  McMinnville.     It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Cum'mington,  a  post-town  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  Westfield  River,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
ihas  3  churches.  Pop.  787.  This  is  the  native  place  of 
William  CuUen  Bryant. 

Cummin  gton  West  Village,  apost- village  of  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  town  of  Cammington,  on  WesifiaU 


CUM  9 

River,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  2 
ohurchos  and  2  paper-mills. 

Cummin's  Creek^  Texas,  runs  nearly  southward,  and 
enters  the  Colorado  River  near  Columbus,  in  Colorado  oo. 

Curn'minsville^  a  post-village  of  Wheeler  oo.,  Neb., 
9  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Cumminsville}  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
the  25th  ward  and  5  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  7 
churches,  2  planing-mills,  a  flour- and  feed-mill,  and  lumber- 
yards.    Pop.  9974.     Here  is  a  Catholic  orphanage. 

Cumminsvillef  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Huntingdon.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Cum'minsville,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Wellington  Square.     Pop.  200. 

Cum'mumS  or  Cum'bum\  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  75  miles  N.E.  of  Cuddapah. 

Cum'mumait,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's  do- 
minions, 110  miles  E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Cum'nock  or  Old  Cum'nock  (local  pron.  kiim'l^k), 
a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  Lugar  Water,  here 
crossed  by  3  bridges,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles  E.  of 
Ayr.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  has  an  old  church,  good  shops, 
some  banks  and  public  libraries,  a  manufactory  of  snuff- 
boxes, and  a  trade  in  cotton  stuffs  and  earthenwares.  It 
has  coal-  and  iron-works.  Pop.  2903;  of  parish,  4041. 
New  Cumnock,  a  village,  is  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Old 
Cumnock.     Pop.  of  parish,  3434, 

Cumru,  k65m'roo,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  city  of  Reading.  It  has  4  manufactories 
of  wool  hats,  and  7  flour-mills.  It  contains  hamlets  named 
Cumru  and  Mohrsville.     Pop.  2573. 

Cun'dah,  or  Kun'dah,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in 
Indore,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Oojein.     Pop.  4000  or  5000. 

Can^deegur'ree,  or  Khandgiri^  kund-ghee'ree,  a 
village  of  India,  in  Orissa,  15  miles  S.  of  Cuttack.  Here 
are  hills  which  are  perforated  in  every  direction  with  caves, 
many  containing  relics  of  the  old  Booddhistio  period. 
Above  the  entrance  to  several  are  long  inscriptions. 

Cuiidiuamarca,  koon-de-n&-maR'k&,  a  department 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  traversed  by  the  Andes  of  Bo- 
gota. Area,  exclusive  of  the  territories  S.E.  of  the  Meta, 
8800  square  miles,  or,  including  those  territories,  92,000 
square  miles.     Capital,  Bogota.     Pop.  409,602. 

Cun'dy's  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Me.,  in  Harpswell  township,  on  the  ocean,  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brunswick. 

Cunene,  or  Cuneni,  koo-ni'ne,  a  river  of  southwest 
Africa,  flows  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  about  lat.  18°  S. 
It  forms  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  the  southern  boun- 
darv  of  the  Portuguese  colony  of  Angola. 

Cnneo,  a  town  and  province  of  Italy.     See  CoNi. 

Cnnha,  koon'yS.,  a  town  of  Brazil,  120  miles  E.N.E.  of 
S3o  Paulo,  on  Mont  Falcao.     Pop.  3500. 

Cunhinga,  koon-yeeng'gi,  a  river  of  Africa,  Angola, 
rises  in  lat.  11°  10'  S.,  Ion.  20°  20'  E.,  and  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  130  miles  enters  the  Coanza. 

Cunnersdorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  See  Kunnersdorf. 

Cun'ningham,  an  old  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr. 

Cun'ningham,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Birmingham. 

Cunningham,  a  post- village  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas, 
18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingman.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  150. 

Cunningham,  a  post-office  of  Carlisle  co.,  Ky.,  about 
7  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Bardwell. 

Cunningham,  a  post-village  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Grand  River,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Brunswick. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Cunningham,  a  post-village  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Danville,  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Rox- 
borough.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
tobacco.     Pop.  100. 

Cunningham's  Island,  near  the  W.  end  of  Lake 
Erie,  is  12  miles  N.  of  Sandusky  City,  3  miles  long,  and  2i 
miles  wide,  constituting  a  part  of  Ottawa  co.,  0. 

Cuntis,  koon-teece',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  15 
miles  N.  of  Pontevedra.     Near  it  are  mineral  baths. 

Cuorgn^,  kwoRn'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12i 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Orca.  Pop.  3660.  It  haa 
several  churches,  a  hospital,  and  a  copper-foundry. 

Cupanama,  a  river  of  Guiana.     See  Coppename. 

Cupar-  (or  Coupar-)  Angus,  koo'p^r-ang'gus,  a 
burgh  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Perth  and  Forfar,  on  the  Isla,  at 
a  railway  junction,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Perth.     Pop.  2149. 

Cu'par-Fife,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  county 
of  Fife,  in  the  centre  of  the  "  Howe"  of  Fife,  on  the  Eden, 


8  CUK 

32  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  good  pariah ; 
church,  a  handsome  court  hall,  with  a  town  hall,  jail,  publU  s 
library,  various  chapels,  a  corn-exchange,  an  academy  i 
reading-rooms,  newspaper  offices,  banks,  an  active  mauu&e.  i 
ture  of  linen  goods,  spinning-mills,  corn-,  snuff-,  and  fulliog.  5 
mills,  breweries,  and  tan-yards.     Pop.  5105. 

Cupica,  koo-pee'ki,  a  village  and  seaport  of  the  repablie  j 
of  Colombia,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  near  the  entrance  i 
to  the  Bay  of  Panama,  in  lat.  6°  40'  N.,  Ion.  77°  50'  W.    ft 
was  once  considered  as  the  probable  western  termination  ^ 
of  a  ship-canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 

Cn'pids,  a  large  fishing  village  of  Newfoundland,  oa  1 
Port  de  Grave  Bay,  2  miles  from  Brigus.     Pop.  1200. 

Cu'pio,  a  post-village  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Shepherds.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Cu'pola,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.W,  of  Downingtown.  ( 

Cura,  koo'r&,  Tilla  de  Cnra,  veel'y&  d&  koo'rl,  or  i 
Ciudad  de  Cura,  se-oo-d&d'  di,  koo'ri,  a  town  of  Yene-  \ 
zuela,  state  of  Aragua,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas.    P.  9538.  ■ 

Cura^oa,  ku-ra-so'a,  or  ku^ra-so'  (Sp.  Cwagao,  koo-  ' 
ri-si'o),  the  largest  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Islands,  lies  75 
miles  from  the  Venezuelan  coast  (lat.  12°  6'  N.,  Ion.  68°  59'  i 
W.).    Length,  40  miles ;  maximum  breadth,  10  miles.   Area,  j 
212  square  miles.    The  soil  and  climate  are  dry.    Calcareotu  ' 
rocks,  with  greenstone  dikes,  abound.     Average  tempera- 
ture,  72°  F. ;  but  the  heat  is  very  great  at  times,  though 
much  modified  by  the  prevailing  N.  and  S.E.  winds.    On 
the  S.  is  a  fine  harbor,  called  St.  Ann's  Bay.     Good  salt  i< 
exported,  and  lime-phosphate,  which  is  mined  on  the  island. 
Straw  hats  and  divi-divi  are  also  shipped  hence ;  and  the 
island  gives  name  to  the  well-known  liqueur  called  curayoa.   ' 
Capital,  Willemstad.     Pop.  in  1891,  26,584.  ' 

Little  CuRAgoA  is  a  small  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Curacoa.     Lat.  12°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  38'  W. 

Curaray,  koo-ri-ri',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  rises  in  the 
Andes,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Llanganate  Mountain,  65  milet 
S.S.E.  of  Quito,  and,  after  a  course  of  385  miles  through  a 
flat  country,  falls  into  the  Napo  87  miles  below  San  MigaeL  ■ 

Curbitum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Corbetta. 

Cur'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  2 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Witney.     Pop.  654. 

Curds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co,,  Ky,,  on 
Green  River,  about  18  miles  S.E,  of  Henderson,  It  haa  a 
church  and  2  tobacco-stemmeries, 

Card8ville,a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co,,  Ky.,  2i  miles  from 
High  Bridge  Station,  which  is  10  miles  W.  of  Nicholasville. 

CurdSTille,  a  post- village  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Farmville.     It  has  several  churches. 

Cure,  kilR,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  NiSvre,  and  falls  into  the  Yonne.     Length,  66  miles. 

Cures,  an  ancient  city  of  Italy.     See  Correse. 

Cureton's  (kur'tpnz)  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Henry 
CO.,  Ala. 

Cureton's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Cu'ria,  a  pest-office  of  Independence  co.,  Ark.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Batesville. 

Curia,  or  Curia  Rhoetorum.    See  Chur. 

Curia  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  Corteuaogiobk. 

Curia  Muria  or  Kuria  Muria  (koo're-&  moo're-ij 
Isles,  a  group  of  5  islands  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia, 
Hellaneeyah  (Hellaniyah),  the  largest  and  only  inhabited 
island,  being  in  lat.  17°  33'  N.,  Ion.  56°  6'  E.  The  islands 
belong  to  Great  Britain.  Inferior  guano  has  been  obtained 
here.     The  surface  is  sterile. 

Curia  Picta,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Corbetta. 

Curias  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Gatto. 

Curico,  koo-ree-ko',  a  province  of  Chili,  in  the  S.  cen- 
tral part.  Area,  2902  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  region, 
with  ores  of  copper  and  gold.  Capital,  Curicd.  Pop.  in 
1875,  92,85.8,-  in  1889,  102,510. 

Curico,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  above,  116  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Santiago  de  Chili.     Pop.  9072. 

Curische-Haff,  or  Kurische-Haff,  koo'rish-^h- 
hiff',  a  lagoon  or  backwater  of  the  Baltic,  in  East  Prussia, 
extending  along  the  coast  for  about  53  miles  S.  of  Memel, 
separated  by  a  narrow  sandy  ridge — ^the  Curische-Nehrung 
(koo'rish-^h-ni'roong) — from  the  sea,  with  which  it  com- 
municates at  its  N.  extremity  by  Memel  Deeps,  a  channel 
300  yards  across  and  12  feet  deep.    It  receives  the  Niemen. 

Curitiba,  koo-re-tee'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
W.  of  the  mountains  of  Cubatao,  follows  a  circuitous  course 
towards  the  S.  passes  of  Sao  Paulo,  and,  after  receiving  the 
Sao  Jos6,  turns  W.  and  precipitates  its  waters  over  th* 
cataract  of  Cavacunga.  It  ultimately  joins  the  IguajUj 
which  sometimes  is  considered  as  a  continuation  of  the  Curi- 
tiba and  bears  its  name. 


CUR 


989 


CUS 


Curitiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo, 
108  miles  W.  of  Paranagua,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Curi- 
tiba.  Lat.  25°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  60°  5'  W.  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  woollens. 

Cnrland,  a  government  of  Russia.    See  Courland. 

Curlls'ville,  a  post- village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw- 
mill.   Pop.  208. 

Curl's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  about  60  miles  VV.  of 
Selma. 

Curl's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  near  Malvern  Hills. 

Curnoul,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kurnool. 

Cnrragh,  kur'rlH,  or  The  Curragh  of  Kildare, 
a  plain  of  Ireland,  near  the  centre  of  the  county  of  Kildare. 
It  is  the  property  of  the  British  crown,  and  is  a  famous 
place  for  horse-races,  military  reviews,  and  the  like.  Area, 
4858  acres. 

Cur'rah,  Kur'rah,  or  Karra,  ktir'rq,,  a  town  of 
British  India,  district  and  38  miles  N.W.  of  Allahabad,  on 
the  Glanges.     It  has  large  manufactures  of  iron-ware. 

Cur' ran,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  in  Curran 
township,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  grocery-stores.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1000. 

Curran,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co,.  Mo. 

Currau,  a  post- village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
8.  of  Plantagenet,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  130. 
>rCur'rant  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co.,  Col. 
ur'reut,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  467. 
urrent  Island,  an  island  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cele- 
Molucca  Passage,  in  lat.  0°  27'  N.,  Ion.  124°  43'  E. 

Current  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Papua 
and  the  Pelew  Islands,  is  in  lat.  4°  38'  N.,  Ion.  132°  3'  E. 
This  island  is  sometimes  called  Anna  or  Poolo  Anna. 

Current  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 

Current  River  rises  in  Missouri,  and  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Shannon,  Carter,  and  Ripley  cos.  It  passes 
into  Randolph  co.,  Ark.,  and  enters  the  Big  Black  River 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Pocahontas.  Its  length  is  estimated  at 
220  miles.  It  is  navigable  by  small  steamboats  or  sloops. 
Forests  of  yellow  pine  grow  along  its  banks. 

Current  River,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
It  contains  Doniphan. 
urrent  River,  a  township  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.  P.  325. 
ur'rie,  a  post-village  of  Murray  co.,  Minnesota, 
near  Lake  Shetek,  and  on  its  outlet,  about  90  miles  W.  of 
Mankato.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  2  stores,  and 
a  flouring-mill. 

Curriersville,  kiir're-erz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Moore 
CO.,  N.C. 

Cur'rinsville,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Ore- 
gon, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Oregon  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  200. 

Cnr'rituck,  a  former  island  of  the  United  States,  off 
the  coast  of  North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  The  closure  of 
Currituck  Inlet  has  converted  it  into  a  peninsula  75  miles 
long  and  2  miles  broad.     It  encloses  Currituck  Sound. 

Currituck,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  217  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  (or  Currituck 
Sound),  and  on  the  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound.  The  surface  is 
level ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Currituck  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6131;  in  1880,  6476;  in  1890,  6747. 

Currituck,  N.C.    See  Currituck  Court-House. 

Currituck  Court-House,  a  small  post- village,  capi- 
tal of  Currituck  co:,  N.C,  is  on  Currituck  Sound,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nor- 
folk, Va.     Fish  and  wild  fowls  abound  here. 

Currituck  Sound,  North  Carolina,  is  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Currituck  co.,  and  is  separated  from  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  by  long  narrow  islands  or  sand-banks.  It 
extends  northward  from  Albemarle  Sound,  with  which  it 
communicates,  and  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Cur'ry,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Oregon, 
has  an  area  of  about  1600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  Rogue 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber ;  the  soil  of  the 
Talleys  is  fertile.  Lumber,  oats,  grass,  and  wool  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Oold  Beach.  Pop.  in  1870,  504; 
in  1880,  1208 ;  in  1890,  1709. 

Curry  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Mahaffey.     Pop.  100. 
Curry's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  oo.,  Tex. 


C 

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Cur'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  8  milei 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Bluffton.  It  has  manufactures  of  hoops, 
and  wooden  trays  and  bowls. 

Curryville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Louisiana.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  mana- 
factures  of  carriages  and  ploughs.     Pop.  302. 

Curryville,  a  post- village  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Morrison's  Cove  Railroad  at  Curry  Station,  24 
miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  is  an  important  shipping-point, 
and  is  in  the  rich  valley  named  Morrison's  Cove. 

Cursato,  kooR-s&'to,  a  mountain-chain  of  British  Gui- 
ana, intersected  by  the  parallel  of  2°  47'  N.  lat. ;  the  highest 
summit  rises  3000  feet  above  the  Tacuta. 

Curtatone,  kooR-t4-to'ni,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy, 
3  miles  from  Mantua,  on  the  Lago  Superiore  of  Mantua, 
and  on  the  high-road  from  Cremona  to  Milan.     Pop.  6124. 

Cur'tice,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  manufactures.     Pop.  350. 

Cur'tin,  a  hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  20  miles  by  rail 
W.S.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  church,  a  blast-furnace, 
a  forge,  and  a  grist-mill.     Here  is  Roland  Post-Office. 

Curtin,  a  post- village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  about  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Bellefonte.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Cur'tis,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  100. 

Curtis,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Frontier  co..  Neb., 
71  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Grant,  and  8  miles  (direct)  N. 
by  W.  of  Stockville.  It  has  2  churches,  3  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  378. 

Curtis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.7.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad  (Rochester  division),  and  on  the  Conhocton  River, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Corning.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Curtis'  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Leeds  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Cur'tis  Island,  an  island  of  Bass's  Strait.  Lat.  39'^ 
28'S.;  Ion.  146°  40' E. 

Curtis  Island,  an  island  between  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Australia  and  Timor.     Lat.  12°  27'  S. ;  Ion.  124°  E. 

Curtis'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  8 
miles  S.  of  Graham.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cur'tisville,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mad- 
ison township,  on  the  railroad  between  Kokomo  and  Ander- 
son, and  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Curtisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Lenox.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wood-pulp. 

Curuguaty,  koo-roo-gw4-tee',  a  village  of  Paraguay, 
135  miles  N.E.  of  Assumption.  It  is  a  depot  for  yerba  mati, 
or  Paraguay  tea,  collected  in  its  vicinity. 

Curvale,  kiiRVil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  on  the 
Ranee,  16  miles  E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  2402. 

Curvello,  kooR-v8l'lo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Min.is- 
Geraes,  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Villa  Rica.     Pop.  1500. 

Curveton,  kfirv'tpn,  sipost- village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  and  on  tho 
railroad  which  connects  Logansport  with  Watseka,  111.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Cur'virensville,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Clearfield.  It  has  a  bank,  2  tanneries,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  1664. 

Cnrzola,  kooRd-zo'lA,  or  Corzola,  koRd-zo'li  (anc. 
Corcy'ra  Ni'gra;  Slavonic,  Korzul,  koR-zool'),  an  island  in 
the  Adriatic,  the  most  beautiful  of  the  islands  of  Dalmatia. 
Lat.  of  Fort  Biaggio,  42°  57'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  17°  8'  E.  The 
island  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait  from  the  peninsula 
of  Sabioncello.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  25  miles.  Principal 
products,  timber,  corn,  wine,  and  fruits. 

Curzola,  a  town  of  Austria,  capital  of  the  above,  near 
its  N.E.  extremity,  on  the  strait  between  the  island  and  the 
peninsula  of  Sabioncello.  It  is  surrounded  by  massive  walls 
and  defended  by  huge  towers  built  in  1420.  A  fort  com- 
mands the  strait.  It  contains  the  palace  of  the  Venetian 
governors.     Pop.  1992. 

Curzolari  Isles,  coast  of  Greece.    See  Kurzolari. 

Cusano,  koo-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Benevento.  Pop.  6246.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  hospital. 

Cuscowil'la,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va. 

Cush,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.  Pa. 


cus 


990 


CUT 


Cu8h'endall%  or  New'tonglensS  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Antrim,  on  the  Ball,  32  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  470. 

Cashing,  kSQsh'ing,  a  post-village  of  Woodbury  co., 
Iowa,  27  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Moville,  and  36  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.     Pop.  500. 

Cushing)  a  post-township  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Rook- 
land.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  704. 

Cushing,  kSSsh'ing,  or  Cnat'ham,  a  post-village  in 
Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and  has  a  lumber  trade. 

Cushing'8«  a  station  on  the  Portsmouth  &  Dover  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Cnshing^s  Island,  a  place  of  summer  resort,  in  the 
harbor  of  Portland,  Me.,  3  miles  from  the  town.  Area  of 
the  island,  250  acres. 

Cushingville,  Georgia.    See  Brinsonville. 

Cushman,  kSSsh'm^n,  a  post-village  of  Independence 
CO.,  Ark.,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Batesville.  It  has  a 
church.    Pop.  100. 

Cnshman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Sullivan. 

Cu'sick's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Sevier  oo.,  Tenn. 

Cussac,  kiis^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- Yienne, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1864. 

Cusset,  kiis^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  AUier,  36  miles 
S.  of  Moulins,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Vichy.  Pop.  6675.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley,  and  has  paper-mills,  tan- 
aeries,  and  oil-mills. 

Cnss'eta,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Opelika. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Cusseta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chattahoochee  co., 
Ga.,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  216. 

Cusseta,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles  W. 
of  Atlanta  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  5  stores. 

Cussewa'go,  township,  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1674. 

Cussewa'go  (or  Cussawa'go)  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, runs  nearly  southward  in  Crawford  co.,  and  enters 
French  Creek  about  2  miles  above  Meadville. 

Cus'sick's  Mills,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  from 
Zanesville. 

Cussy-en-Morvant,  kUs^see'-flN»-moBV6»»',  a  village 
of  France,  Sa8ne-et-Loire,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Autun.  P.  2257. 

Cus'tar,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Milton  town- 
ship, on  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan  Railroad,  32  fliiles  S.S.W. 
of  Toledo.     It  has  3  churches  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Cus'tard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
from  Geneva  Railroad  Station. 

Cus'ter,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Colorado,  is 
drained  by  small  aifluents  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous.  The  Sangre  de  Cristo  range  extends 
along  the  S.W.  border  of  the  county,  which  has  rich  mines 
of  silver.  Capital,  Silver  Cliff.  Pop.  in  1880,  8080 ;  in 
1890,  2970. 

Custer,  a  county  in  the  S.E.'part  of  Montana,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Tongue  River.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Capital,  Miles  City.  Pop.  in  1880,  2610 :  in  1890, 
6308. 

Custer,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  is 
intersected  by  the  Middle  Loup  River.  The  surface  is  a 
nearly  level  prairie.  Capital,  Broken  Bow.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2211;  in  1890,  21,677. 

Custer,  a  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  South  Dakota, 
comprises  part  of  the  Black  Hills.  It  is  well  watered,  and 
has  plenty  of  timber.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  here. 
Capital,  Custer.    Pop.  in  1880,  995 ;  in  1890,  4891. 

Custer,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Vine  Grove  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores, 

Custer,  a  post-village  of  Mason  oo.,  Mich.,  11  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Ludington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Custer,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Custer,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Custer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Custer  co.,  S.D.,  62 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Deadwood.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  790. 

Custer,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  oil  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Custer  City,  formerly  De  Golier  (or  Golia),  a  post- 
Tillage  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  14  miles  S.  of  CarroUton,  N.Y., 
It  has  a  lumber-mill.    Petroleum  is  found  here. 

Caster  City,  a  post-village  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 


W.  of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  sa^* 
mill.  , 

Custer  Park,  a  post-village  of  Will  co..  111.,  5  milet  1 
by  rail  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery,  | 
and  ice-houses.    Pop.  100. 

Cnstrin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  EVstbin. 

Catch,  or  Kutch,  kiitch,  written  also  Catch,  and 
Katch  (native,  Kachh),  a  native  state  of  India,  forming  a 
kind  of  peninsula,  having  on  the  S.  the  Indian  Ocean  and  the 
Gulf  of  Cutch,  and  on  the  N.  and  E.  a  curious  and  extensive 
tract,  called  the  Runn  or  Ran  of  Cutch,  which  for  half  the 
year  is  flooded  by  the  rivers  and  by  the  sea,  which  driven  in 
by  the  S.W.  monsoon  converts  Cutch,  and  at  times  even  j 
Katty  war,  into  an  island.  For  the  other  half  of  the  year  the 
Runn  is  in  parts  a  morass,  but  elsewhere  a  dry  desert. 
Area  of  Cutch,  6500  square  miles ;  of  the  Runn,  8000  square 
miles.  Cutch  suffers  much  from  drought.  It  is  governed 
by  a  native  chief  called  the  Rao,  or  Rawul,  under  British 
protection.     Capital,  Bhooj.     Pop.  204,099. 

Cutch  Bahar,  India.    See  Cooch  Bahar. 

Cutch  Gandava,  kfitch  giln-d&'vS,,  called  also  Cut'- 
chee,  a  province  of  Beloochistan,  mostly  between  lat.  27° 
10'  and  29°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  67°  21'  and  69°  15'  E.,  having 
W.  the  provinces  of  Sarawan  and  Jhalawan,  N.  Afghan  ^ 
istan,  and  E.  Sinde.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  160  miles;  | 
breadth,  130  miles.  Area,  9000  square  miles.  Pop.  100,000. 
Surface  low  and  generally  level,  but  ill  watered  and  des- 
titute of  forest  land ;  and  the  climate  is  oppressively  hot. 
Where  irrigated,  fine  crops  of  grain,  pulse,  cotton,  sugar, 
madder,  and  fruits  are  produced ;  and  this  is  the  most  val- 
uable part  of  the  Khan's  dominion.  It  has  also  some  com- 
mercial importance,  from  being  traversed  by  the  principal 
routes  from  Sinde  into  Afghanistan.  Principal  towns, 
Gundava,  Dadur,  B'hag,  the  capital,  Lehree,  and  Kotree. 

Cutchogue,  kiit-ch5g',  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Southold  township,  1  mile  S.  of  Cutchogue  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  87  miles  E.  of  Brook- 
lyn, and  1  mile  from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  is  near  Pe- 
conic  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  ocean.  It  has  4  churches  and 
nearly  100  houses.     Pop.  about  700. 

Cut'hand\  a  post-office  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex. 

Cuth'bert,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Randolph  co.,  Ga., 
47  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Americus,  and  26  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Eufaula,  Ala.  It  contains  a  court-house,  the  Andrews 
Female  College,  the  Southwest  Georgia  Agricultural  and 
Military  College,  a  bank,  6  churches,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  2328. 

Cutigliano,  koo-teel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tug- 
cany,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Lima.    Pop.  2508. 

Cut'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chester 
A  Tamaroa  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cutler,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  Wild  Cat 
River,  and  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfords ville  <fe  Southwestern 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Cutler,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  610. 

Catler,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  in  Cutler 
township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Machias. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill ;  also  a  good  harbor 
for  large  vessels.    Pop.  of  the  township,  925. 

Cutler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  from 
Marietta.    It  has  a  church. 

Cutler's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  North  Adams. 

Cut  Off,  a  station  on  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 1  mile  from  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Cut  Shin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leslie  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  E. 
of  Hyden. 

Cuttack',  Cattack',  or  Katak'  (anc.  Catac,  ki^tik', 
"a  royal  residence"),  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Cuttack  and  of  the  province  of  OrisBa,  on  the  Maha- 
nuddy,  at  the  head  of  its  delta,  220  miles  S.W.  of  Calcutta. 
A  canal  extends  hence  to  False  Point.  It  has  a  high  school, 
college,  law-school,  and  lunatic  asylum.  Its  filigree-work 
in  gold  and  silver  is  famous.     Pop.  60,000, 

Cuttack,  a  district  of  Orissa,  British  India,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  20°-21°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
36'-87°  5'  E.  Area,  3178  square  miles.  The  Mahanuddy 
delta  and  other  coast-portions  are  very  flat.  Capital,  Cut- 
tack.    Pop.  1,494,784. 

Cuttack'  Mehals',  or  the  Tributary  States  of 
Orissa,  a  group  of  20  small  native  states  in  the  western 
part  of  Orissa,  British  India.  United  area,  16,218  square 
miles.  Their  names  are  Ungool,  Athgurh,  Athmullik, 
Bankee,  Baramba,  Boad,  the  Khond-Mals,  DuspuUa,  Dhen- 
kanal,  Hindole,  Keunjhar,  Khundpara,  Mohurbhunj,  Nur- 


CUT 


991 


CYM 


itohpoor,  Nayagurh,  Nilgiri,  Pal  Lahara,  Runpoor,  Talcher, 
'  and  Tigaria.  They  are  inhabited  principally  by  hill-men  of 
I  various  tribes.     Pop.  1,500,000. 

Cnt'terah)  a  village  of  British  India,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
I  Bareilly. 

Cat 'ting  Hoi 'low,  a  hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Guilford  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Green  River  Post-Office, 

Cnt'tingsrille,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  a 
tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Cutt'ub,  or  Knt'ab,  a  small  town  of  British  India, 
13  miles  S.  of  Delhi,  with  many  tombs  of  Mogul  emperors, 
and  the  Cuttub-Minar,  an  edifice  242  feet  in  height,  erected 
early  in  the  thirteenth  century. 

Cut'tnp,  or  Kut'tup,  a  town  of  Africa,  state  and  76 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jacoba.     Lat.  9°  45'  N.;  Ion.  10°  15'  E. 

Cnt'tyhunk^  Island,  the  most  southwestern  of  the 
Elizabeth  Islands,  at  the  entrance  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  Massa- 
chusetts. At  its  S.W.  end  is  a  fixed  light,  lat.  41°  24'  35" 
N.,  Ion.  70°  56.7'  W. 

Cut'wa  (native,  Katwa,  kut'wa,  and  Kangtoya,  kung- 
to'ya),  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Burdwan,  on  the  Upper  Hoogly.  It  has  a  ferry,  a  dispensary, 
a  native  bank,  and  a  large  trade,  and  is  a  place  of  pilgrim- 
age.    Pop.  7963. 

Co  Vier',  a  township  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3174. 

Cnvo,  koo'vo,  a  river  of  western  Africa,  in  the  Porta- 
niese  colony  of  Angola,  enters  the  Atlantic  120  miles  S.  of 
lie  Coanza,  after  a  course  estimated  at  400  miles. 

Cnxhaven,  or  Kuxhafen,  kiix-hd^'v^n,  or  kddx-h&'- 
'(jn,  a  seaport  of  Germany,  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hamburg,  to 
Thioh  it  belongs,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Elbe,  at  its  mouth, 
n  the  district  of  Ritzebuttel,  in  lat.  53°  53'  N.,  Ion.  8°  44' 
B.  It  is  a  railway  terminus  and  a  harbor  of  refuge,  and  has 
I  new  artificial  port.     Pop.,  with  Ritzebiittel,  4102. 

Cnyab^,  or  Cuiaba,  koo-yi-bi',  a  river  of  Brazil, 
rises  in  the  district  of  Diamantina,  in  lat.  13°  12'  S.  It 
lows  circuitously,  and  joins  the  Porrudos,  or  Sao  Lourenpo, 
m  its  right  bank.  Above  the  town  of  Cuyabfi.  it  is  navi- 
^ble  for  canoes,  but  is  much  broken  by  rapids,  and  even 
for  60  miles  below  the  town  its  course  is  very  impetuous. 

Cuyabd,  Cuiabd,  or  Senhor  Bom  Jesus  de 
Cuyaba,  s5n-yor'  b6N»  zhi'soos  di  koo-yft-bS.',  a  city  of 
Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  near  the  above 
river.  Lat.  15°  26'  S.  ,•  Ion.  56°  W.  Its  houses  are  mostly 
Df  clay.  Chief  edifices,  the  churches  of  Bom  Jesus,  Sao  do 
Rozario,  and  San  Antonio.  It  has  an  imperial  hospital,  a 
lazaretto,  a  school  of  philosophy,  and  a  Latin  and  other 
schools.  Cuyab^  supplanted  Matto-Grosso  as  capital  of  the 
province  in  1820.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  provincial  assembly, 
»f  the  military  commandant,  and  of  a  bishop.  Its  com- 
merce consists  chiefly  in  the  exchange  of  iron  implements 
und  other  European  goods  for  gold.  Pop.  15,000.  The  rich 
gold-mines  of  the  district  have  been  worked  since  1719. 

Cuyahoga,  ki-a-ho'ga,  a  northern  county  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Erie,  and  intersected  by  the  Cuyahoga  and  Rocky 
Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Chagrin  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage 
and  dairies.  The  staple  products  are  cheese,  butter,  hay, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes.  Among  the  forest  trees 
are  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  chestnut,  oak,  and  sugar-maple. 
The  most  important  topographical  feature  of  this  county  is 
the  deeply  excavated  channel  of  the  Cuyahoga  River.  Car- 
boniferous sandstone  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the  sur- 
face, and  iron  ore  is  found  here.  One  of  the  chief  articles 
of  export  is  Berea  Grit,  a  sandstone  which  is  a  good  ma- 
terial for  building  and  for  grindstones.  The  value  of  the 
annual  product  of  these  quarries  is  given  as  about  $400,000. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and 
other  lines,  which  are  noticed  under  Cleveland,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  132,010,-  in  1880,  196,943;  in  1890,  309.970. 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  6  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Akron,  and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  a 
rolling-mill,  a  paper-mill,  a  paper-bag  factory,  2  wagon- 
works,  rivet-works,  2  machine-shops,  a  union  school-house 
which  cost  $40,000,  steel-  and  wood-pulley  works,  lumber- 
yards, and  manufactures  of  tiles,  sewer-pipe,  brick,  sash, 
Ac.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1880,2294;  in  1890,2614. 

Cuyahoga  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Geauga  co.,  and  runs 
first  nearly  southward  to  Portage  co.,  which  it  intersects. 


It  flows  southwestward,  and  enters  Summit  co.,  in  which  it 
falls  about  200  feet  in  the  course  of  2i  miles,  and  runs  in 
a  narrow  gorge  300  feet  deep.  Below  these  falls  it  turns 
northward,  and  passes  into  Cuyahoga  co.,  through  which  it 
runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction  until  it  enters  Lake  Erie  at 
Cleveland.  It  is  nearly  100  miles  long,  but  its  mouth  is 
not  much  more  than  30  miles  (direct)  from  its  source. 

Cuyler,  ki'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cuyler  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  TioughniOga 
River,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cortland.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  a  wagon-factory,  a  cheese-factory,  a  saw- 
mill, a  flour-  and  feed-mill,  and  manufactures  of  washing- 
machines,  benches,  Ac.     Pop.  300 ;  of  the  township,  1095. 

Cuylerville,  ki'l§r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Livingston 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  about  30  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Geneseo.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Cuyos  (koo'yoce)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
of  the  Philippines,  between  Palawan  and  Panay.  The 
largest  of  them.  Great  Cuyo,  is  in  lat.  10°  52'  N.,  Ion.  121° 
15'  E.,  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  has  a  small  port  on  the 
N.W.  side.     Pop.  of  town  of  Cuyo,  7540. 

Cuyuni,  Cuyuny,  koo-yoo'nee,  or  Cuyuwini,  koo- 
yoo-wee'nee,  a  river  of  British  Guiana,  tributary  to  the 
Essequibo,  which  it  joins  from  the  W.  in  lat.  6°  26'  N.,  Ion. 
58°  43'  W.,  after  receiving  the  Massaroony. 

Cuzco,  koos'ko,  a  city  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  department, 
and  formerly  capital  of  the  Incas,  200  miles  (by  railway 
462  miles)  N.  of  Arequipa,  and  11,380  feet  above  the  sea. 
Lat.  13°  30'  56"  S. ;  Ion.  72°  4'  10"  W.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  embroidery,  Ac. 
Its  cathedral  and  Augustine  convent  are  among  the  finest 
edifices  in  South  America ;  and  here  are  a  mint,  hospitals, 
collegiate  schools,  and  a  university.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Its  Dominican  convent  occupies  the  site  of  a  famous  Peru- 
vian temple  of  the  sun,  and  many  massive  specimens  of 
ancient  Peruvian  architecture  are  extant  in  and  around  the 
city.  On  its  N.  side  are  remains  of  a  vast  fortress  of  a 
Cyclopean  kind,  and  traces  remain  of  a  magnificent  road 
extending  thence  to  Lima,  350  miles  distant. 

Cuzco  is  the  most  ancient  of  the  Peruvian  cities,  being 
founded,  according  to  tradition,  in  1043,  by  Manco  Capac, 
the  first  Inca  of  Peru.  In  1534  it  was  taken  by  Pizarro, 
who  was  surprised  at  the  grandeur  and  magnificence  il 
exhibited.  Its  streets  were  then  large,  wide,  and  straight, 
and  its  churches,  palaces,  and  temples,  the  latter  including 
the  famous  Temple  of  the  Sun,  were  richly  adorned  with 
ornaments  of  gold  and  silver.  While  still  in  possession  of 
Pizarro,  it  was  besieged  by  the  Peruvians  and  a  great  pari 
of  it  destroyed.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Cuzco,  a  department  of  Southern  Peru,  mostly  between 
lat.  13°  and  15°  S.  and  Ion.  70°  and  73°  W.,  having  W.  and 
S.  the  departments  of  Ayacucho  and  Puno.  Area,  95,547 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1876,  238,455.  Its  chief  towns  are 
Cuzco  and  Urubamba. 

Cwmdare,  koom'dair,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan, 4  miles  S.E.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil.  In  its  vicinity  is 
a  cascade,  the  bed  of  which  emits  an  inflammable  gas. 

Cwmdn,  koom'dee,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgend.     Pop.  5836. 

Cwmrheidol,  koom-ri'dol,  a  township  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Cardigan,  10  miles  E.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  1470. 

Cyclades,  sik'la-dgz  (so  called  because  arranged  in  a 
kind  of  circle  {cyclos\  around  the  isle  of  Delos),  a  group 
of  twelve  Greek  islands  in  the  ^gean,  so  named  by  the 
ancients.  They  are  Delos,  Syra,  Andro,  Tino,  Myoonus, 
Naxos,  Pares,  Antiparos,  Siphanto,  Serpho,  Thermia,  and 
Zea,  with  several  islets.  But  the  present  nome  of  the  Cyc- 
lades includes  not  only  the  above,  but  also  some  of  the 
Sporades,  such  as  Milo,  Santorini,  Argentiera,  Policandro, 
Sikino,  Nio,  Amorgos,  and  Anaphe,  with  many  islets.  Cap- 
ital, Syra.     Pop.  123,299. 

Cydnus,  sid'nus  (Gr.  KvSvot;  Turk.  Ter$oos  Ghat, — 
i.e.,  "  River  of  Tarsus"),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  in  Cilioia 
( Adana),  of  great  historic  fame.  It  was  anciently  navigable 
to  Tarsus,  but  its  mouth  is  now  crossed  by  an  impassable  bar. 

Cydonia,  or  Cydonis,  ancient  names  of  Ebamia. 

Cydweli,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Kidwelly. 

Cyg'net,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  10  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  steam-boiler  and  wooden  oil-tank  factories.    Pop.  670. 

Cylle'ne  (Gr.  KvAA^io)  ;  modern  Gr.  Zyria),  a  celebrated 
mountain  of  Greece,  at  the  N.E.  angle  of  Arcadia. 

Cy'lon,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  on  Willow 
River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

Cyme,  the  ancient  name  of  Sandarlbk. 

Cymry,  the  Welsh  name  of  Wales. 


I 


CYN 


992 


CTR 


Cynadrowy,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Kralowitz. 

Cynsetha,  the  ancient  name  of  Ealayrita. 

Cynell-Mawr,  kin'ell-m6wr,  a  township  of  Wales,  oo. 
of  Cardigan,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  585, 

Cyntniana,  sin-the-ah'na,  a  post-village  of  Posey  co., 
Ind.,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  3  or  4  churches 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Cynthiana,  Indiana,  the  same  as  Blue  Ridge. 

Cynthiana^  a  post- village,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  Ey., 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and 
66  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Cincinnati.  It  contains  8  churches, 
a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a  carriage- shop,  Smith's 
Institute,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers.    Pop.  in  1890,  3016. 

Cynthiana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.    It  has  2  churches. 

Cynthiana^  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

Cynwyd)  kin'wid,  a  railroad  station  in  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station,  Philadelphia. 

Cypern,  the  German  for  Ctprvs. 

Cypre  Mort,  seep'r  moR,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's 
parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Teche,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Mor- 
gan City.    It  has  3  stores  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Cy'presS)  a  station  on  the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  <fc 
Texas  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Collins,  Ark. 

Cypress,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Marianna.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  turpentine.    Pop.  200. 

Cypress  Bayon,  bi'oo,  Arkansas,  runs  northward 
through  Nevada  co.,  and  enters  the  Little  Missouri  River. 

Cypress  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  eastward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Lonoke  and  White  cos.,  and  enters  Des 
Arc  Bayou. 

Cypress  Creek  rises  in  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tennes- 
see River  at  Florence. 

Cypress  Creek,  Texas.    See  Bio  Cypress. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  III. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  townshrp  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1024.  It  contains  Chinquepin,  Deep  Bottom,  and  Trimble's 
Mills.     The  township  has  5  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cypress  Creek,  township,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.   P.  1087. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  township  of  Jones  oo.,  N.C.     P.  541. 

Cypress  Hill,  Kings  co.,  N.T.,  is  a  village  or  suburb 
of  East  New  York,  on  the  Brooklyn  Central  &  Jamaica 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  chemicals,  and 
a  cemetery  named  Cypress  Hill. 

Cypress  Inn,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Cypress  Junction,  a  station  in  Gallatin  co..  III.,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad  with  the  Shawneetown  division  of  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Shawnee- 
town. 

Cypress  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Cypress  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  128  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville,  in  the  coal-region  of  Western  Kentucky. 

Cypress  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ark., 
9i  miles  S.  of  Brinkley  Railroad  Station. 

Cypress  Top,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Cypress  Creek,  and  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  N.W.  of  Houston. 

Cyprus,  ai'prus  (Turk.  Kibria,  kee'breece^ ;  Gr.  Kvirpos; 
Fr.  Ghypre,  sheep'r;  Ger.  Oypem,  tsee'p^rn;  Ital.  Cipro, 
chee'pro),  an  island  of  the  Levant,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon,  44  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Anamoor,  in  Anatolia,  and  76  miles  W.  of  Latakeea,  in 
Syria;  Cape  St.  Andrea,  its  N.E.  extremity,  is  in  lat.  35° 
41'  42"  N.,  Ion.  34°  35'  30"  E.,  and  Baffa,  near  its  S.AV. 
extremity,  is  in  lat.  34°  47'  18"  N.,  Ion.  32°  24'  30"  E.  It 
ib  about  148  miles  in  length,  with  a  width  of  about  40  miles ; 
but  its  N.E.  extremity  diminishes  greatly,  and  terminates 
in  a  long,  narrow  peninsula,  about  40  miles  long,  and  not 
over  15  miles  broad.  The  island  is  occupied  by  a  range  of 
mountains  stretching  from  N.E.  to  S. W.,  whose  culminating 
points,  Santa  Croce  (Olympus)  and  Thrados,  are  7000  feet 
high.  On  the  N.E.  side  of  the  island  the  slopes  of  these 
mountains  are  bold  and  rugged ;  and  one  of  the  elevated 
valleys  contains  Nicosia,  the  modern  capital  of  the  island. 
On  the  S.  side  the  hill-slopes  are  even  bolder,  presenting  a 
deeply  serrated  outline,  with  thickly-wooded  sides,  furrowed 
by  deep  valleys.  The  prevailing  formation  of  the  mountain- 
range  in  its  N.E.  division  is  limestone.  The  S.W.  portion 
of  the  mountains  yields  excellent  asbestos,  also  talc,  red 
jacper,  copper,  gold,  and  silver.     Its  copper-mines  were 


onee  important;  and  the  modern  name  of  that  metal  ii 
derived  from  the  word  Cyprus. 

Cyprus  is  deficient  in  water,  its  streams  being  chiefly 
mountain-torrents,  which  dry  up  in  summer.  The  only 
permanent  river  of  importance  is  the  Pedia  (anc.  PedixM), 
which  waters  the  valley  of  Nicosia,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into 
the  sea  at  Famagusta.  The  climate  is  in  general  healthj, 
except  in  some  points  on  the  S.  coast  during  the  heats  of 
summer,  much  increased  by  the  burning  winds  from  thi 
Arabian  and  African  deserts,  which,  causing  a  rapid  evap- 
oration, give  rise  to  a  dangerous  malaria. 

The  mountains  of  Cyprus  are  covered  with  vast  forests 
of  excellent  timber,  and  the  island  is  esteemed  the  richest 
and  most  fertile  in  the  Levant ;  yet  it  has  few  level  tracts 
of  country,  those  around  Nicosia,  Famagusta,  Larnaca,  Li- 
masol,  and  Baffa  being  the  chief.  Agriculture,  however,  ig 
in  a  backward  state.  The  cultivable  surface  of  the  island 
is  estimated  at  about  2,500,000  acres,  of  which  not  much 
more  than  130,000  acres  are  actually  under  tillage.  Of  the 
vegetable  products,  cotton,  wheat,  barley,  and  tobacco  of 
good  quality  are  grown ;  madder,  after  that  from  Smyrna 
the  best  in  the  Levant,  is  raised  in  numerous  localities. 
Silk  is  produced  abundantly,  and  carobs  are  extensively 
grown,  but  the  olive  is  neglected.  Wine  is  the  most  noted 
production  of  the  island,  and  is  of  excellent  quality.  The 
other  vegetable  products  are  sugar,  flax,  sesamum,  poppies, 
liquorice,  and  fruits,  including  the  orange,  citron,  date,  fig, 
pistachio-nuts,  caper,  Ac.  Cyprus  is  famed  in  the  East  for 
its  fine  mules.     Many  camels  are  also  bred. 

Manufacturing  is  carried  on  to  some  extent.  Salt,  in  large 
quantities,  is  obtained  from  salines  at  Limasol  and  Lar- 
naca. The  Greek  females  of  some  of  the  towns  and  villages 
do  beautiful  embroidery,  and  make  silk  net  which  wiU 
stand  comparison  with  the  finest  lace.  The  females  also 
weave  cotton,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics.  Good  morocco 
leather  is  made  at  Nicosia.  Pottery  sufficient  for  home 
consumption  is  manufactured. 

For  administrative  purposes  the  island  is  divided  into  6 
districts, — Nicosia,  Larnaoa.  Limasol,  Famagusta,  Papho^ 
and  Kyrenia.  Its  two  chief  ports  are  Larnaca  and  Lima- 
sol, and  its  chief  towns  Nicosia,  Famagusta,  Papho,  and 
Kyrenia.     Total  area  3584  square  miles. 

Originally  peopled  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  afterwards 
colonized  by  the  Greeks,  Cyprus  was  by  the  latter  people 
dedicated  to  Venus,  whose  most  celebrated  temple  was  at 
Papho,  now  Baffa.  It  belonged  successively  to  the  Pei 
sians,  the  Egyptians,  the  Romans,  and  the  Greeks  of  the 
lower  empire.  It  was  one  of  the  first  places,  out  of  Pales- 
tine, that  received  the  gospel,  and  was  visited  by  Paul  and 
Barnabas  on  their  missionary  tour.  In  the  time  of  the 
Crusades  it  was  taken  from  the  Saracens  by  Richard  I.  of 
England,  and  given  by  him  to  the  princes  of  the  Lusignaa 
family,  who  held  it  till  the  year  1570,  when  it  was  con- 
quered by  the  Turks.  Prior  to  the  Russo-Turkish  war  in 
1878,  the  island  formed  a  pashalic  of  Turkey,  of  which  the 
capital  was  Nicosia.  In  1878  it  was  conveyed  by  treaty  to 
Great  Britain,  the  sultan  retaining  the  sovereignty  of  the 
island,  and  receiving  an  annual  payment  of  money  in  place 
of  its  revenues ;  in  1887  it  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain. 

Since  the  discovery  of  rich  and  abundant  remains  of 
antiquity  in  this  island;  increased  interest  has  been  taken 
in  its  eventful  though  somewhat  obscure  history.  Its  an- 
tiquities have  special  importance  as  illustrating  some  stage! 
of  the  early  history  of  sculpture  and  the  kindred  arts.    Pop. 

in  1891,  209,291. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cyprian,  sip're-»n, 

Cyp'riot,  Cyp'riote,  or  Cypru'sian.     The  first  should  be 
employed  onlj'  when  ancient  Cyprus  is  referred  to. 

Cyr,  seer,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.     Pop.  376. 

Cyrenaica,  an  ancient  name  for  Barca. 

Cyrene,  si-ree'nee  (Gr.  Kup^ioj,  Kurene),  called  by  the 
natives  Grenne,  or  Greunah,  grin'n^h,  a  miserable 
town  of  Africa,  550  miles  E.  of  Tripoli,  on  the  plateau  of 
Barca,  occupying  the  place  of  the  ancient  Cyrene,  1800  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  32°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  47'  E.  Nu- 
merous interesting  remains  of  antiquity  have  been  discov- 
ered here.  Cyrene  was  the  birthplace  of  Aristippus,  Era- 
tosthenes, and  Callimachus.  It  was  founded  in  the  year 
632  B.C.  by  a  colony  of  Greeks,  and  became  the  capital  of  a 
district,  to  which  it  gave  its  name,  extending  from  Syrtis 
Major  to  the  Gulf  of  Plataea.  This  country  formed  a  mon- 
archy which  lasted  for  180  years.  It  was  made  tributary  to 
Egypt  under  Ptolemy  Soter,  and,  along  with  Crete,  was  ulti- 
mately formed  into  a  Roman  province. 

Cyrene,  si-recn',  a  post- village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  6  mile* 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church,     P.  H*^ 

Cyrnos,  an  ancient  name  of  Corsica. 

Cyrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Koob 


CYK 


993 


DAD 


Cy'rostoii)  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Lincoln  cc,  Tenn. 

Cysoing,  a  village  of  France.    See  Cisoins. 

Cythseanif  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Sitia. 

Cythera^  the  ancient  name  of  Cerigo. 

CythnoS)  the  ancient  name  of  Thermia. 

Cyzicus,  siz'e-kus  (Gr.  Kv^i/tos;  Turkish,  Kapoo-Dagh), 
%  peninsula  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  70  miles  S.W,  of  Constantinople.  It  has  some 
remains  of  the  great  city  of  Cyzicus,  and  was  in  ancient 
times  an  island. 

Czarnawodda)  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Schwarz- 

WAS8ER. 

Czarnikow,  or  Tscharnikow,  chaR'ne-kov\  writ- 
ten also  CzarnikaUy  ohar'ne-k5w,  a  town  of  Prussia,  63 
miles  S.W.  of  Bromberg,  on  the  Netze.  Pop.  4098.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  beer,  Ac. 

Czarnowo,  chaR-no'vo,  a  village  of  Poland,  80  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Orz.  It  is  celebrated  for  a  victory 
by  the  French  over  the  Russians,  December  23,  1806. 

Czartorysk,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Tschartorisk. 

Czaslan,  ch&s'lSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  45  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Prague.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  ma- 
chinery, sugar,  etc.     Pop.  6312. 

Czebe,  tsi'bdh,  or  Tschebeii}  oh&'b^n,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Zarant,  18  miles  from  Deva.     Pop.  1400. 

Czecze^  ts£t'slh,  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Sarviz,  9 
miles  W.  of  Foldvar.     Pop.  3100. 

Czegled,  tsi'glfid\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth, 
\i  the  junction  of  several  railways,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth. 
Pop.  22,216. 

Czempin,  or  Tschempin,  chim'pin,  a  town  of  Prns- 
lun  Poland,  20  mUes  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1991. 


Czenstochow,  ch^ns-to'Kov,  or  Czenstochowa* 

ch£ns-to-Ko'v&,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  50  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Petrikau,  with  woollen-manufactures,  and  a 
fortified  convent  containing  a  much-venerated  picture  of 
the  Virgin.  In  1665  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
King  of  Poland  and  Prince  Lubomirski.     Pop.  14,167. 

Czeptsa^  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Cheptsa. 

Czerdyn,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherdtn. 

Czerekwe,  chi-r4k'vi,  two  small  towns  of  Bohemia* 
circle  and  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tabor. 

Czerikow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cberikoy. 

Czerkasy,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherkasee. 

Czerna,  ts^R'ni,  a  river  of  Hungary,  falling  into  th« 
Danube  at  Orsova,  after  a  course  of  from  50  to  60  milet 
from  its  source  in  the  East  Carpathians. 

Czerniejevo,  or  Czerniejewo,  chjRn-yi-yi'vo,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Gnesen.     Pop.  1698. 

Czernigow,  or  CzernigoT.    See  Chernigov. 

Czemowitz,  ch^R'no-vits,  or  Tschernowitz  (more 
correctly,  Czernowicey  chfiR^no-vit'sih),  a  town  of 
Austria,  capital  of  Bukowina,  on  a  hill  near  the  Pruth, 
146  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lemberg.  It  has  a  Greek  ca- 
thedral, a  gymnasium,  high  schools,  manufactures  of  clocks, 
silver  goods,  hardwares,  and  carriages,  and  an  active  trade. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop  of  metropolitan  and 
patriarchal  rank.     Pop.  33,884. 

CzezemicZ)  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Sezehecz. 

Czirknicz,  a  town  of  Illyria.     See  Zirknitz. 

Czortkow,  choRt'kov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on 
the  Sereth,  105  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg,  with  a  castle  and  an 
important  manufacture  of  tobacco.     Pop.  3300. 

Czyrkasgy,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Chbbkaw 


D. 


>aanW)  a  Malay  island.    See  Doinv. 
'aavre^  dS'vr^h,  or  Dovre,  a  small  village  of  Nor- 
iray,  about  62°  N.  lat.  and  9°  20'  E.  Ion.     It  gives  name  to 
the  Dovrefield  Mountains. 

Daavrefjeld,  mountains.     See  Dovrefield. 

Dab'bling,  a  village  of  Thibet,  on  the  Sutlej,  920  feet 
!,bove  the  level  of  the  sea ;  lat.  31°  45'  N.,  Ion.  78°  37'  E. 

Daber^  di'b^r,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  government 
(f  Stettin,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stargard.     Pop.  2158. 

Dab'ney^  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Dab'ney'Sf  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
from  Bumpass  Station.     It  has  a  printing-office  and  a  store. 

Dabo,  di^bo'  (Ger.  Dagsburg,  dies'bSSRG),  a  village  of 
Alsace-Lorraine,  11  miles  S.  of  Pfalzburg.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2635. 

Dabringhausen,  di'bring-h6w^z§n,  a  village  of  Rhe- 
nish Prussia,  government  of  Dusseldorf,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Lennep.     Pop.  3024. 

Dabnl,  da^bool',  called  also  Dapool'ee,  or  Dapnli, 
dl-poo'Iee,  a  town  of  British  India,  district  of  Rutnagherry, 
85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay. 

Daburath,  the  ancient  name  of  Deburieh. 

Daca'da,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 

Dac'ca,  or  Dhaka^  d&'ki,  a  division  or  oommission- 
ership  of  Bengal,  in  the  Lower  Ganges  valley,  and  comprising 
the  districts  of  Dacca,  Mymunsingh,  Backergunge,  Fureed-' 

Eoor,  and  Tiperah.     Area,  18,276  square  miles.     Capital, 
>acca.     Pop.  9,126,863. 

Dacca,  a  district  of  Bengal,  lat.  24°  20'-23°  6'  30"  E., 
ton.  89°  48'-91°  1'  E.  It  is  mostly  a  flat  alluvial  plain, 
bounded  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  main  Ganges  and  E.  by  the 
Megna,  and  traversed  by  many  navigable  channels.  Area, 
2902  square  miles.     Capital,  Dacca.     Pop.  1,852,993. 

Dacca,  or  Dhaka,  a  city  of  Bengal,  capital  of  the 
Dacca  division  and  district,  is  on  the  Boorigunga  River, 
155  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.  Lat.  23°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  26'  E. 
It  was  formerly  a  great  city,  famous  for  its  trade  and 
magnificence  and  for  its  beautiful  muslins,  but  it  has  rap- 
idly declined  of  late.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  government  college, 
of  the  Mitford  Hospital,  and  of  a  lunatic  asylum.  It  has  a 
large  jute-trade.  Pop.  in  1800,  200,000;  in  1891,  83,760. 
^  Dacca- Jelalpoor,  India.  See  Fureedpoor. 
Dachaa,  di'KSw,  a  market  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  on 


!£. 


the  Ammer,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Munich.     Pop, 
2166. 

Dacheet  River,  Arkansas.    See  Dorcheat  Bayou. 

Dachstein,  dix'stine  (Fr.  pron.  dik^stSn'),  a  town  of 
Alsace,  lO  miles  W.S.W.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  579. 

Dacia,  di'she-a,  a  former  country  of  Europe,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  on  the  E.  by  the 
Dniester  and  the  Black  Sea,  on  the  S.  by  the  Danube,  and 
on  the  W,  by  the  Theiss.  It  comprised  what  is  now  the 
eastern  part  of  Hungary,  Transylvania,  Moldavia,  and 
Wallachia. Adj.  and  inhab.  Dacian,  di'she-an. 

Dacosta,  New  Jersey.     See  Decosta. 

Dacota.     See  Dakota. 

D'Acqs,  a  town  of  France.     See  Dax. 

Dacre,  di'k^r,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
4i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Penrith.  It  has  an  ancient  church 
built  out  of  the  ruins  of  a  monastery,  and  a  cattle,  the  an- 
cient seat  of  the  Barons  of  Acre,  whose  ancestor's  exploits 
as  a  crusader  at  Acre,  in  Palestine,  obtained  this  name  for 
the  family.     Pop.  936. 

Da'cusville,  a  post-township  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Greenville.     Pop.  of  township,  1356. 

Daczicze,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Datschitz. 

Dadarah,  d&-d&'r&,  a  large  village  of  Sinde,  on  the 
Indus,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Larkhana. 

Dad'dy's  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  westward  in  Cum 
berland  co.,  and  enters  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland. 

Daddy's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Tenn. 

Dade,  the  most  southern  county  of  the  mainland  of 
Florida,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The 
surface  is  level  and  low ;  the  soil  is  most!}'  marshy  and  un- 
cultivated. This  county  comprises  the  Everglades,  a  large 
expanse  of  shallow  water  which  encloses  a  vast  multitude 
of  small  islands.  The  palmetto  and  pine  are  here  indigenous, 
and  the  orange  grows  luxuriantly.  Area,  5636  square  miles. 
Capita),  Miami.   Pop.  in  1870, 85;  in  1880, 257;  in  1890,  861. 

Dade,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  186  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Lookout  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  Lookout 
Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  between  which  is  Lookout 
Valley.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Alabama  &  Chat- 
tanooga Railroad.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
Eroducts.  Capital,  Trenton.  Iron  ore  and  coal  are  found 
ere.     Pop.  in  1870,  3033  j  in  1880,  4702;  in  1890,  5707. 


DAD 


994 


DAH 


Dade,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  alQout  500  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  Sao  (or 
Big  Sac)  River,  and  also  drained  by  several  small  affluents 
of  the  same.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  black 
walnut,  &o. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and  copper  are 
found  here.  Capital,  Greenfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  8683 ;  in 
1880,  12,557;  in  1890,  17,526. 

Dade  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Pasco  co.,  Fla.,  63 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ocala,  and  48  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tampa. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    P.  321. 

Dadeville,  dad'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Talla- 
poosa CO.,  Ala.,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Opelika,  and  V8 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  wagons  and 
buggies.     Pop.  in  1890,  873. 

DadeviilC)  a  post-village  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Big 
Sac  River,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Dadi,  d&'dee,  a  village  of  Greece,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Li- 
vadia.  It  faces  the  plain  of  the  Cephissus,  and  is  built  on 
terraces  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre. 

Dadree,  di'dree\  a  town  of  India,  56  miles  S.W.  of 
Delhi, 

Dadur,  di'dur,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Cutoh 
Gundava,  5  miles  E.  of  the  Bolan  Pass,     Pop.  3000. 

Dadvola,  did-vo'li,  a  village  of  Sinde,  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Subzulcote,  in  a  populous  and  well-cultivated  country. 
Lat.  23°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  69^  8'  E. 

Daeny,  d3,'§-nee\  or  Danie;  d&'nee,  an  island  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  on  the  Great  Pearl  Bank.  Lat.  24°  67'  N. ; 
Ion.  52°  25'  E. 

Daet,  d3,-St',  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands,  in  a 
district  of  its  own  name,  and  capital  of  the  province  of 
North  Camarines,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  7702. 

Dafar,  a  city  of  Arabia,     See  Dhofar. 

Dagana,  dh,-g&,'nk,  a  town  of  Africa,  Senegambia,  on 
the  Senegal.  Lat,  16°  28'  N.;  Ion.  15°  30'  W.  It  is  a 
flourishing  place,  containing  a  French  fortified  trading- 
station.     Pop.  2380. 

Dagden,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  DaoSe. 

Dagelet,  di^zh^h-ld,',  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Japan, 
about  midway  between  Japan  and  Corea,  8  miles  in  circum- 
ference.    Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  131°  E. 

Dag'gett)  a  post- village  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  25 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Menominee.  It  has  2  churches  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  240. 

Dag'gett's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa., 
ajbout  22  miles  N.E.  of  Wellsborough.  It  has  a  church, 
tfouring-mills,  and  cigar-factories.     Pop.  350. 

Daghestau,  d&^ghis-t&n'  ("mountain-land"),  a  gov 
ernment  of  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  having  the  crest  of 
the  Caucasus  for  its  S.W.  limit,  and  bounded  E.  by  the  Cas- 
pian. Area,  11,521  square  miles.  Capital,  Derbend.  Pop 
481,624.  According  to  some  writers,  Daqhestan  is  the 
"  country  of  the  [ancient]  Bahse,"  a  Scythian  people,  who 

dwelt  S.  and  E.  of  the  Caspian  Sea. Adj.  and  inhab 

Daghestanbe,  di^ghis-ti'nee. 

Dagil,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dajel. 

Dagmara  Piprahi,  dig-mi-ri'  pee-pr4'hee,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  80  miles  N.  of  Boglipoor,  on  the 
Nepaul  frontier.     Pop.  5395. 

Dagmerselien,  d&g'm^r-sSl'l^n,  or  Dammersel- 
leii,  diin'mgr-sSl'len,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1893. 

Dagoe,  da,'go'§h,  Dago,  da,'go,  or  Dagden,  dig'- 
d§n,  an  island  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  in  the  Baltic  Sea, 
near  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  separated  from 
the  island  of  Oesel  on  the  N.  by  Sele-Sund.  Length,  nearly 
34  miles;  breadth,  15  miles.  The  soil  is  chiefly  sand  or 
chalk,  and  unfertile.  The  population  amounts  to  10,000 
(Swedes  and  Esthonians),  employed  in  fishing  and  in  rear- 
ing cattle.     The  coasts  are  rocky. 

Dags'boroagh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.    Pop.  200. 

Dagus^cahon'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  extract-works  and  a 
Baw-mill.    P05.  300. 

Da'gus  Mines,  a  mining  post-town  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Daguscahonda.  It  has  2  churches.  P.  800. 

Dahab,  or  Mersa  Dahab,  mSr'sS,  d&-h3,b'  ("golden 
port"),  a  port  of  Arabia,  peninsula  of  Sinai,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah.    Lat.  28°  28'  N.;  Ion.  34°  37'  E. 

Dahse,  an  ancient  people.    See  Daqhestan. 

Dahalac,  or  Dahalak,  island.    See  Dhalae. 


Dahhi,  dah^hee',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  50  milei 
S.E.  of  Loheia. 

Dahhra,  din'ri,  a  town  of  Arabia,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Muscat. 

Dahkaleeyeh,  or  Dakahliyeh,  di-ki-lee'y^h,  a 
province  of  Lower  Egypt,  traversed  by  the  eastern  arm  of 
the  Nile.     Capital,  Mansoorah.     Pop.  495,272. 

Dahlen,  di'l^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Miinchen-Gladbach.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk 
and  linen.     Pop.  6030. 

Dahlen,  a  town  in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  on  a  rail- 
way, 27  miles  E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2887. 

Dahlenburg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Dalenburo. 

Dahlgren,  dil'grfin,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  00., 
111.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  McLeansborough.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  450. 

Dahlgren,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Carver  co.,  Minn., 
in  Dahlgren  township,  and  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Rail- 
road, 51  miles  W.  of  Hastings,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Chaska. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Minnesota 
River.     Pop.  of  township,  1310. 

Dahlone'ga,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lumpkin  co., 
Qa.,  is  situated  in  a  hilly  region,  about  68  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  the 
centre  of  the  gold  belt  of  the  state.  It  is  the  site  of  the 
North  Georgia  Agricultural  College,  which  has  about  300 
pupils.     Pop,  in  1890,  896. 

Dahlonega,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Dahlonega  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  200 ;  of  the  township,  454 

Dahme,  d&'m^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  river  Dahme,  14  miles  S.  of  Berlin.  It  has  severaJ 
mills  and  factories.     Pop.  4900. 

Dahmer,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Ed-Damer. 

Dahn,  d&n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,  on  the 
Lauter,  20  miles  S.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop,  1390. 

Daho'ga,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.E.  of  Kane,  Pa. 

Dahomey,  or  Dahomay,  d&-ho'mi  or  d&-ho'me, 
often  pronounced,  though  less  correctly,  dih^ho-mi',  a  king- 
dom of  Western  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  with  bound- 
aries liable  to  extension  or  abridgment  with  the  power 
or  weakness  of  its  sovereign.  At  present  it  appears  to 
occupy  the  space  between  6°  15'  and  7°  30'  N.  lat.  and  1°  30' 
and  2°  30'  E.  Ion.  Area,  about  4000  square  miles.  The 
coast-line  is  only  35  miles  in  length ;  and  nearly  the  whole 
coast  region  is  composed  of  islands  and  swamps,  separated 
by  lagoons  and  channels,  afi"ording  extensive  navigation. 

The  country  appears  to  be  in  general  fertile,  and  is  well 
cultivated,  especially  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  towns  and 
villages.  On  the  coast,  particularly  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Whydah,  the  principal  port  of  the  kingdom,  there  are  many 
farms  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  the  houses  clean  and 
comfortable,  and  the  scenery  singularly  beautiful ;  but  the 
country  is  now  far  less  prosperous  than  it  was  formerly.  The 
chief  crops  raised  here  are  Indian  corn,  yams,  and  tJie 
manioc-root,  which  forms  a  principal  article  of  food.  Other 
products  are  palm  oil,  shea  butter,  and  cotton. 

Dahomey,  though  generally  level  or  but  slightly  and 
gradually  rising  from  the  coast,  has  several  mountain- 
ranges  and  hilly  tracts,  formed,  it  is  believed,  by  offsets  0'' 
the  Kong  Mountains.  Most  of  these  mountains  rise  abruptly 
from  the  plain,  and  are  very  steep.  Some  of  them  consist 
of  immense  blocks  of  granite. 

Although  springs  and  rivulets  are  numerous,  and  the 
country,  on  the  whole,  is  well  watered,  there  are  no  rivers 
of  magnitude.  Forest  trees  attain  magnificent  dimensions, 
and  are  interspersed  with  fruit  trees  of  various  kinds,  in 
eluding  the  tamarind,  yellow  fig,  cashew,  koUa,  and  cocoa- 
nut.  Green  grapes,  the  cocoa-tree,  and  palms  of  various 
kinds  abound  on  the  coast.  The  rocks  and  trees  are  fes- 
tooned with  beautiful  parasitical  plants. 

The  wild  animals  of  Dahomey  are  of  the  same  kind  as 
those  met  with  throughout  Western  Africa, — lions,  hyenas, 
panthers,  deer,  monkeys,  elephants.  Alligators  and  hip- 
popotami are  numerous.  Serpents  of  enormous  size  are  met 
with  in  the  interior,  and  insects  in  great  variety  abound. 
Birds  of  beautiful  plumage  are  found  in  great  numbers. 

The  Dahomans  are  all  pagans,  and  their  worship  Fetish. 
The  sovereign  power  is  absolute,  extending  to  an  entire 
control  over  the  lives  and  properties  of  the  people,  who  in- 
vest their  king  with  the  attributes  of  deity,  believing  him 
to  be  superior  to  all  human  wants  and  infirmities.  The 
possession  of  this  extraordinary  power  and  influence  by  a 
barbarous  prince,  combined  with  the  gross  ignorance  and 
superstition  of  his  people,  has  led  to  the  perpetration  of 
the  most  fearful  atrocities,  wholesale  murders  forming  ths 


DAI  i 

principal  and  most  acceptable  part  of  all  state  and  religious 
ceremonies.  Many  hundreds  of  people  are  sacrificed  at  the 
Customs,  as  such  celebrations  are  called,  and  all  guiltless 
of  any  offence.  One  of  the  most  extraordinary  manifesta- 
tions of  barbarian  spirit  and  sentiment  in  this  country  is 
t  exhibited  in  the  king's  female  army,  consisting  of  women, 
i  formed  in  regiments,  and  armed  with  muskets,  short  swords, 
I   and  clubs.     Pop.  estimated  at  250,000,  of  whom  not  more 

i    than  20,000  are  free. Adj.  and  inhab.  Dahoman,  d&- 

ho'man. 

DaileV)  d&'l^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Michigan,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  (Air-Line)  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
I  0»B8opolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
■■^[>aillebont,  dS,V9-boo',  or  Sainte  M61anie,  s&Nt 
^I^P^l&^nee',  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Joliette  co.,  Quebec, 
^Pilmiles  N.  of  Joliette,  and  46  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  excellent  water-power,  and  several  mills.  Pop.  500. 
Dail'ly,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Girvan 
Eiver,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Girvan.     Pop.  554. 

Daily)  da'l^,  a  post-village  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  14  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Valley  City.  It  has  a  church,  flour-  and  grist- 
mills, and  a  public  school.     Pop.  75. 

Daiman,  dl-m&n',  or  Arangua,  &-r&D'gw&,  a  river 
of  South  America,  in  Uruguay,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Uru- 
guay, rising  in  the  centre  of  the  state.  Length,  110  miles. 
Daimiel)  dl-me-dl'  a  modern  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  25  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  woollens  and  linens,  and  is  one  of  the  richest 
and  most  important  places  in  La  Mancha.     Pop.  12,452. 

Dainay  di'nd,,  a  village  of  Syria,  pashalic  and  20  miles 
W.  of  Aleppo.  Here  are  ruins  supposed  to  be  those  of  the 
ancient  Imtna,  and  near  it  the  convent  and  ruined  pillar 
of  St.  Simeon  Stylites. 
I  Dain'gerfield)  a  post-town,  capital  of  Morris  co.,  Tex., 
I  83  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jefferson,  and  58  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Sulphur  Springs.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 

(  paper  office,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  553. 
■jDainhat,  or  Dain  Hat,  din  hit,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
M^he  Hoogly,  5  miles  below  Cutwa.     Pop.  7567. 
^toai  Nippon,  a  Japanese  name  for  Japan. 
^Dair,  an  Arabic  prefix.     See  Deir. 
^bair- el "Kamer,  Syria.    See  Deir-el-Kaher. 
H^airy  (da're)  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y,, 
JgWawarsing  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Monticello. 
"Daisy,  da'z§,  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Point  a  la  Hache.    It  has  2  churches  and  a 
I    newspaper  oflSce.    Oysters  are  the  chief  articles  of  industry. 
HHDaisy,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  15  miles 
H  V^rail  N.  by  E.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
"^ttery,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  370. 

Diyel,  or  Dagil,  d&'j^l,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan.     Pop.  5693. 

Dakar,  dS,^kaR',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  French  colony 
of  Senegal,  on  the  extreme  point  of  Cape  Verd,  IJ  miles  N. 
of  Gor6e.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  an  extensive 
Roman  Catholic  mission  establishment.     Pop.  3417. 

Dake,  a  post-village  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  about  7  miles 
by  rail  N,  of  Jefferson,  and  19  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of 
Fair  Play.    It  has  charcoal-kilns. 
^^^akhel,  an  oasis  of  Africa.    See  El-Dakhel. 
^^toa'kem,  a  post-office  of  Emmons  co.,  N.D. 
^T)akhUne8'war,  or  DakhUnshor',  a  village  of 
Bengal,  5  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Hoogly.     It  contains  some  English  country-houses,  a  pow- 
der-magazine, and  12  beautiful  temples  to  Siva. 

Dak'keh  (anc.  Psel'cis),  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Nile,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Derr,  with  a  temple  of 
the  Ptolemaic  era.  Opposite  to  it,  E.  of  the  Nile,  are  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  Metacompso. 

Dako'ta,  a  county  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  Wiscon- 
sin, has  an  area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Minnesota  River ;  and  its  southern  part  is  drained  by 
Cannon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests ;  the  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple,  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this 
county.  It  ia  intersected  by  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  by  a  division  of  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Hastings. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,312;  in  1880,  17,391;  in  1890,  20,240. 

Dakota,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Elk 
Creek.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by 

frairies  and  tracts  of  timber ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
ndian  com,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.     Capi- 


>5  DAL 

tal,  Dakota.  This  county  is  more  liberally  supplied  with 
timber  than  many  other  parts  of  the  state.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad. 
Pop. in  1870,  2040;  in  1880,  3213;  in  1890,  5386. 

Dakota,  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  in  Da- 
kota township,  about  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Freeport.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  a 
college.     Pop.  in  1890,  283;  of  the  township,  839. 

Dakota,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dres- 
bach  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Winona. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  large  warehouse  for  wheat. 

Dakota,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dakota  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  6  miles  below  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  on 
the  Covington,  Columbus  &  Black  Hills  Railroad,  5  miles  S. 
of  Covington.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  United  States  land- 
office,  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Dakota,  a  post-village  of  Waushara  oo..  Wis.,  in  Da- 
kota township,  32  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  573. 

Dakota  Indians.    See  Siovx. 

Dakota  (or  James)  River,  rises  in  the  east  central 
part  of  North  Dakota,  near  lat.  47°  42'  N.  It  runs  gener- 
ally southward  (with  a  small  deviation  towards  the  E.), 
through  a  region  nearly  destitute  of  forests,  traverses  the 
entire  breadth  of  the  state  of  South  Dakota,  which  it  enters 
in  Brown  co,,  and  joins  the  Missouri  River  about  10  miles 
below  the  town  of  Tankton.  Its  entire  length  is  estimated 
at  600  miles.  The  French  name  of  this  stream  is  Eiviire 
d  Jacques. 

Dako'tah,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Iowa,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Eagle  Grove 
and  16  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  353. 

Dalai-Nor,  dS,-li'-nor,  a  lake  of  Mongolia,  near  the 
Russian  frontier,  in  lat.  54°  N.,  Ion.  116°  E. 

Dalamow,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dalmow. 

DaPark',  a  post- village  of  Dallas  oo..  Ark.,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Daleville,  and  11  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S.  of 
Arkadelphia.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  208. 

Dalarde,  d&'laR-o^dh,  a  village  of  Sweden,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Baltic  Sea.     Pop.  600, 

Dalbeattie,  d&l-b&'tee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Kirk- 
cudbright, 13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dumfries.     Pop.  2937. 

Dal'by,  a  station  in  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Atchison. 

Dalby  Springs,  Bowie  co,,  Tex,    See  Dolby  Springs. 

DaPcour',  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  sugar  plantations.     Pop,  about  700. 

Dale,  a  maritime  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pembroke, 
6i  miles  W.  of  Milford,  on  a  peninsula  bounding  Milford- 
haven  on  the  W.  The  Earl  of  Richmond,  afterwards  Henry 
VII.,  landed  here  to  contest  the  crown  of  England  in  1485. 
Pop.  of  parish,  381. 

Dale,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Choc- 
tawhatchee  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  pine  forests.  The  soil 
is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ozark.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,325;  in  1880,  12,677;  in  1890,  17,226. 

Dale,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  McLeansborough.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  stave- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Dale,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Rockport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  cigars.     Pop.  659. 

Dale,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  south  branch  of  the  Raccoon  River,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wool- 
len-factory.    Pop,  about  100. 

Dale,  a  township  of  Lyon  oo,,  Iowa.     Pop.  551. 

Dale,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River  3  miles  above  Newport.  Here  are  the  reservoir  uid 
water-works  which  supply  Newport  with  river-water. 

Dale,  a  post-township  of  Cottonwood  co,,  Minn.   P.  213. 

Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  6  miles  N,  of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  church. 

Dale,  a  post-office  of  Berks  oo..  Pa,,  17  miles  (direct) 
E.N.E,  of  Reading,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Barto. 

Dale,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co,,  Wis.,  traversed 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  Pop,  1207.  Dale  Sta- 
tion is  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Menasha. 

Dalecarlia,  d&-le-kaR'le-&,  or  Dalarne,  d&'laR-nlh, 
an  old  province  of  Sweden,  now  in  the  laen  of  Falun. 


DAL 


996 


DAL 


Dale  City,  Pennsylvania.    See  Metersdale. 

Dal -Elf,  dil-Mf  (i.e.,  "  Dal  River")>  »  river  of  Sweden, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Oster  and  Wester  Dal,  flows  suc- 
cessively S.E.  and  E.,  traversing  many  lakes,  and  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia  10  miles  E.  of  Gefle.  Length,  about  250 
miles.     It  forms  numerous  cataracts. 

Dalem,  d&'lem,  a  village  of  the  Ketherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  within  1  mile  of  Gorkum. 

Dalen,  dk'l^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe, 
2i  miles  N.E.  of  Coevorden.     Pop.  3691. 

Dalenburg,  or  Dahlenburg,  d&'l^n-bdSRG^  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Liineburg.  Pop. 
1041. 

Dale  Enterprise,  post-office,  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Dale's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jesup.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  turpentine.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dalesville,  dalz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co., 
Quebec,  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

Daleszyce,  d&-l4-shit's&,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Radom,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Kielce.  It  has  a  fine  church. 
Near  it  are  iron-mines.     Pop.  1530. 

Daleville,  dal'vil,  a  post-village  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  42 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
high  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Daleville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  White  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Muncie. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brick,  tile,  and  lum- 
ber.    Pop.  about  450. 

Daleville,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co..  Miss.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Meridian.     It  has  a  church. 

Daleville,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  about  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Daleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  oc,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Bonsacks.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Da'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  about  4 
miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Waverly. 

Dalfsen,  d&lfs^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  on  the  Vecht,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  ZwoUe. 
Pop,  5361. 

Dalgety,  dal-ghSt'ee,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Inverkeithing.  Coal 
and  salt  are  exported  from  its  harbor. 

Dalginross,  dal'ghin-ross^  a  village  of  Scotland,  22 
miles  W.  of  Perth,  and  near  Comrie. 

Dalhousie,  dal-hoo'zee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Edinburgh. 

Dalhousie,  dal-hoo'zee,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Res- 
tigouche  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Restigouche  River,  at 
its  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  284  miles  N.  of  St. 
John,  and  126  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Flavie,  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence. In  front  of  the  town  is  a  well-sheltered  cove,  with 
good  holding-ground  for  ships  in  9  fathoms  water.  Fine 
wharves  and  timber-ponds  have  been  constructed  here, 
affording  convenience  for  loading  the  largest  ships.  A 
large  trade  is  done  in  Dalhousie  in  preserved  salmon  and 
lobsters.  It  has  several  churches  and  stores.  The  Inter- 
colonial Railway  passes  4  miles  back  of  the  town.     P.  600. 

Dalhousie  East,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  26  miles  from  Kentville.  It  contains  a  church,  a 
hotel,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  218. 

Dalhousie  Mills,  a  post- village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Delisle  River,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coteau  Station. 
It  contains  2  stores  and  2  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Dalias,  di'le-is,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Almeria,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  9419. 

Dalibaire,  di'lee^bir',  or  Mechin,  m^h-shis"',  a  post- 
village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
127  miles  N.E.  of  Riviere  du  Loup  en  baa.    Pop.  400. 

Darinto'ber,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
about  1  mile  N.W.  of  Campbeltown. 

Daija,  a  town  of  Slavonia.    See  Dallta. 

Dalkeith,  dal-keeth',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6i 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Edinburgh,  between  the  North  and 
South  Esk  Rivers.  The  town  is  well  built,  paved,  and 
lighted.  It  has  a  parish  church,  several  chapels,  a  classical 
school,  sciei  tific  institution,  banks,  market-houses,  numer- 
ous good  shops  and  residences,  and  one  of  the  largest  corn- 
markets  in  Scotland.  In  and  around  it  are  corn-mills, 
breweries,  foundries,  brick-yards,  tanneries,  and  coal-works. 
In  its  vicinity  is  Dalkeith  Palace,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Bucoleuch.     Pop.  (1891)  7035. 

DaUieith,  or  Robertson's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  28  miles  N.  of  Lancaster.     Pop.  100. 

Dalke) ,  d&l'kee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles 
by  rail  S.£  of  Dublin,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  immediately  out- 


side of  Dublin  Bay.  The  village  was  a  seaport  town  of  some 
consequence  in  the  seventeenth  century.  It  has  quarries 
of  fine  granite.  Dalkey  Island  and  battery  are  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  sound.     Pop.  2584, 

Dalkissore,  or  Dhalkisor,  dS.rkis-sor\  called  also 
Dwa^rakes'war  and  Roopna'rayan%  a  river  of 
British  India,  rises  in  the  Manbhoom  district,  Bengal, 
about  lat.  23°  30'  N.,  Ion.  86°  34'  E.,  and,  after  a  S.E.  coune 
of  170  miles,  enters  the  Hoogly  opposite  Diamond  harbor. 
It  is  serviceable  for  navigation. 

Dalla,  dil'li,  a  town  of  Burmah,  province  of  Pegu,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Rangoon. 

Dal'lam,  the  northwesternmost  county  of  the  Pan- 
handle of  Texas,  bounded  N,  by  the  Indian  Territory,  and 
W.  by  New  Mexico.     Area,  1410  square  miles. 

Dal'lam's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Dal'lardsville,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tex. 

Dal'las,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  954  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Alabama  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Cahawba 
River,  both  of  which  are  navigable.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  po- 
tatoes are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Birmingham,  Selma  <fc  New  Orleans,  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia A  Georgia,  Louisville  &  Nashville,  and  Western  of 
Alabama  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Selma, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,705 ;  in  188(1, 
48,433  ;  in  1890,  49,350. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  676  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Saline  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Qua- 
chita  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  white  oak,  yellow 
pine,  ash,  beech,  Ac;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is 
traversed  in  the  S.E.  by  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas 
Railroad,  while  the  Ultima  Thule,  Arkadelphia  &  Mississippi 
Railroad  traverses  part  of  the  W.  Capital,  Princeton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5707;  in  1880,  6505;  in  1890,  9296. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  hai 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rao- 
coon  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Middle  Coon  and  De« 
Moines  Rivers,  the  last  of  which  traverses  the  N.E.  part  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  groves ;  the  soil  is  fertile,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Moines  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and 
also  by  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Adel.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,019 ;  in  1880, 18,746 ;  in  1890, 
20,479. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Niangua  River,  which,  entering  the  county  in  the  S., 
flows  N.  in  an  irregular  course.  It  is  also  drained  by  the 
Little  Niangua.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating 
prairies  and  low  ridges  or  hills.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  ash,  elm,  oak,  hickory,  black  wal- 
nut, Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian 
limestone  of  the  Silurian  age  is  abundant  in  this  county, 
and  lead  is  said  to  be  found  in  it.  Capital,  Bufi'alo.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8383;  in  1880,  9263;  in  1890,  12,647. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Trinity  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  West  Fork  of  that  river.  The  sur- 
face is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile 
and  well  watered.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central,  Texas  A  Pacific, 
and  three  other  railroads,  all  centring  at  Dallas,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,314;  in  1880,  33,488;  in 
1890,  67,042. 

Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co,,  Ark.,  about 
70  miles  S,  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  383. 

Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  33 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  455. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2250. 
It  contains  Antiocb  and  Etna. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co,,  Iowa,  13  miles  S,W. 
of  Knoxville,  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  * 
church  and  manufactures  of  butter  and  cheese.  Pop.  about 
150;  of  the  township,  1066. 


DAL 


997 


DAL 


Dallas,  a  township  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  927. 
<  Dallas,  a  post-offioe  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Dallas,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  just  E.  of 
the  Rangeley  Lakes.     Pop.  159. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Mioh.  Pop.  1518. 
It  contains  Fowler. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  20  miles 
6.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  807. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  a 
tile-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dallas,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  about  16  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Springfield, 

Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Qaston  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Dallas  township,  near  the  Little  Catawba  River,  and  on 
the  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Char- 
lotte. It  has  6  churches,  a  college,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton.     Pop.  in  1890,  441  j  of  the  township,  2413. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  430. 

Dallas,  Darke  co.,  0.     See  Ansonia. 

Dallas,  Highland  co.,  0.    See  New  Boston. 

Dallas,  a  city,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Rick- 
real  (or  Lacreole)  River,  15  miles  W.  of  Salem,  and  63 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  an  academy,  5 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  woollen-,  planing-, 
and  grist-mills,  a  fence-factory,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  848. 

Dallas,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
■jlvania  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Dallas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Dallas 
township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Dallas,  a  flourishing  town,  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex., 
on  Trinity  River,  about  a  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the 
West  Fork,  and  on  the  Houston  &,  Texas  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  265  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  73  miles  S.  of  Denison.  It  is  the 
most  important  place  in  Northern  Texas.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  convent,  10  national  banks,  several  other 
banks,  the  Dallas  Female  College,  a  post-office  of  the  first 
class,  a  Jewish  synagogue,  33  churches,  the  Dallas  College, 
a  medical  institute,  3  iron-foundries,  2  grain-elevators,  6 
flour-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a  cotton-factory,  a  woollen- 
factory,  3  soap-factories,  gas-works,  electric-light  works, 
Ac.  Two  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  38,067. 

Dallas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Roney's  Point  Station,  which  is  9  miles  E.  of  Wheel- 
ing.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  118. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Barron.  It  has  a  church,  and  shingle-, 
flour-,  and  feed-mills.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dal'lasburg,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  about  24 
■niles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Dallas  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Dallas  City,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  15  miles  below  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  16 
miles  X.  of  Carthage.  It  is  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Burlington  with  Quincy,  and  is  partly  in  Henderson  co. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  3  large  public  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  woollen  goods, 
and  starch.     Pop.  about  750. 

Dallas  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoKean  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bradford.     It  has  oil-works. 

Dal'lastown,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
8.E.  of  York,  and  1  mile  from  Dallastown  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  graded 
schools,  a  flour-mill,  a  cigar-box  factory,  and  several  cigar- 
faotories.     Pop.  in  1890,  779. 

Dalles,  dalz,or  The  Dalles,  a  town,  capital  of  Wasco 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  about 
200  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  90  miles  by  land  E.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  5  churches,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  branch 
mint,  and  a  woollen -mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  The  navigation  of  the  Columbia  River  is  here 
obstructed  by  rapids,  called  the  Great  Dalles  of  the  Columbia, 
the  stream  being  contracted  into  a  channel  about  200  feet 
wide  between  clifiFs  of  basaltic  rock.  A  railroad,  14  miles 
long,  extends  from  this  point  to  Celilo  and  connects  the  navi- 
gable parts  of  the  river.  Cattle  and  sheep  (or  wool)  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  about  3600. 

Dalles  of  the  St.  Louis,  a  series  of  fine  cataracts 
in  the  St.  Louis  River,  near  Duluth,  Minn.  The  river 
descends  400  feet  in  4  miles. 


Dalles  (locally  called  Dells)  of  the  Wisconsin,  a 

succession  of  cascades  in  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin River,  just  above  Eilboum  City.  They  are  much  visited 
by  tourists. 

Dal'lison,  a  post-village  of  Wood  oo.,  W.  Va.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  60. 

Dalln,  a  town  of  West  Soodan.     See  Djelow. 

Dally,  d&riii,  a  village  and  parish  of  Sweden,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Malmo.     It  contains  a  royal  residence. 

Dallya,  or  Dalja,  d&I'y&,  a  market-town  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  co.  of  Verocz,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Danube,  19  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Eszek.  It  has  ex- 
tensive sturgeon-fisheries.     Pop.  5006. 

Dalmal'ly,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Inverary. 

Dalmatia,  dal-mi'she-a  (It.  pron.  d&l-m&'te-i ,■  Ger. 
Dalmatien,  dil-mi'te-^n ;  Fr.  Daltnatie,  dirmlHee'),  a 
crown-land  and  titular  kingdom  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
Cisleithania.  Area,  4940  square  miles.  It  consists  of  a 
long  narrow  tract  of  mountainous  country  and  a  number 
of  large  islands  along  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
bounded  N.  by  Croatia  and  N.E.  by  Herzegovina.  It  ex- 
tends from  about  lat.  42°  9'  N.  to  lat.  44°  25'  N.  In 
breadth  it  is  very  limited,  not  exceeding  40  miles  in  any 
part,  and  at  the  narrowest,  near  Ragusa,  about  2  miles. 
The  surface  is  much  varied :  a  ridge  of  limestone  moun- 
tains bounds  the  N.  part  of  the  country  on  its  inland 
border,  and  another  runs  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast. 
The  highest  peaks  are  Orien,  6332  feet,  Dinara,  6040  feet, 
and  Partovo,  5929  feet ;  and  the  largest  and  loftiest  part  of 
the  N.  range  is  that  of  Velebich,  to  the  N.E.  of  Zara,  which 
is  5439  feet.  On  the  coast  range  occur  the  peaks  of  Mount 
Mossor,  4464  feet,  and,  S.E.,  Mount  Biocovo,  5899  feet. 
The  inland  parts  of  Dalmatia  are  diversified  by  undulatory 
ground,  hills,  and  high  mountains, — many  of  the  latter 
having  the  same  rugged  barren  aspect  as  those  of  the  coast ; 
others,  again,  are  partially  covered  with  low  wood.  There  are 
also  extensive  marshes  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  The 
soil,  though  not  rich,  is  good,  and  the  produce,  as  a  whole, 
suffices  for  the  population  of  the  country.  Dalmatia  has 
few  rivers,  and  all  with  short  courses.  The  principal  are 
the  Narenta,  in  the  S.,  the  Zermagna,  Kerka,  and  Cettina. 
On  some  of  these  rivers  the  scenery  is  singularly  wild  and 
picturesque.  The  Kerka  has  several  magnificent  cascades. 
The  waters  of  many  of  the  streams  have  a  petrifying  quality, 
and  cover  with  a  stalagmitic  deposit  the  rocks  over  which 
they  flow.  The  country  is  not  rich  in  metals,  although  in 
ancient  times  it  produced  large  quantities  of  gold ;  but  iron, 
lignite,  asphalt,  and  salt  are  still  obtained. 

The  coast  is  indented  with  numerous  harbors  and  bays, 
the  principal  of  which  are  Cattaro,  Sebenico,  and  Ragusa. 
A  vast  number  of  islands  also  stretch  along  its  shores. 
Most  of  these  are  mountainous,  but  are  valuable  for  their 
productions,  such  as  timber,  wine,  oil,  cheese,  honey,  salt, 
and  asphalt,  and  in  several  of  them  ship-building  is  carried 
on.  The  climate  generally  is  warmer  than  that  of  any  other 
part  of  Austria-Hungary,  and  in  spring  the  sirocco  is  felt. 

Agriculture  is  in  an  extremely  backward  state,  a  great 
proportion  of  the  land  being  pasture  and  wood.  The  prin- 
cipal agricultural  productions  are  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley, 
figs,  olives,  and  vines ;  but  sufficient  grain  is  not  produced  to 
supply  the  wants  of  the  country, — the  deficiency  being  im- 
ported from  Turkey  and  Hungary.  Various  fruits  are  also , 
grown,  including  apples,  pears,  plums,  almonds,  peaches, 
apricots,  lemons,  oranges,  carobs,  and  pomegranates.  Com- 
paratively few  sheep  or  cattle  are  reared ;  horses  are  rare 
and  of  very  diminutive  size. 

Dalmatia  has  hardly  any  manufactures.  Four-fifths  of 
the  people  are  Morlacks,  or  true  Dalmatians,  speaking 
Slavic  tongues;  of  the  remainder  two-thirds  speak  Italian, 
and  the  others  mostly  use  the  Albanian  language.  The 
local  government  comprises  a  diet,  chiefly  representative. 

Somewhat  less  than  a  fifth  of  the  people  of  Dalmatia  are 
of  Greek  faith ;  the  rest,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  Jeiws 
and  Calvinists,  are  Roman  Catholics.  Education  is  very 
generally  diS'used  by  the  system  of  national  schools.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Zara,  the  capital,  Spalato,  and  Ragusa.  Dal- 
matia was  conquered  by  the  Romans  in  the  time  of  Augus- 
tus. In  the  seventh  century  it  was  taken  by  the  Slavi,  who 
founded  there  a  kingdom  that  lasted  till  1050,  when  the 
greater  part  of  it  was  united  to  Hungary  and  the  remainder 
passed  under  the  protection  of  Venice.  In  1797  the  Vene- 
tian portion,  along  with  the  citj-  of  Venice,  was  ceded  to 
Austria;  but  in  1805,  by  the  treaty  of  Presburg.  it  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Napoleon,  who  first  united  it  to  the  kingdom 
of  Italy,  and  subsequently,  in  1810,  to  the  kingdom  of 
Illyria.     The  events  of  1814  brought  Dalmatia  afi:ain  under 


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Austrian  rule.  Pop.  in  1869,  456,961;  in  1890,527,426. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Dalmatian,  dal-mi'8he-§,n.. 

Dalma'tia,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  oo..  Pa., 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  about  500. 

Dalmatie,  or  Dalmatien.    See  Dalhatia. 

DalmatoV)  a  town  of  Kussia.    See  Doluatot. 

Dalmel'lingtoii)  aburgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  13  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Ayr.  It  has  woollen  manufactures,  and 
iron-  and  coal-works.     Pop.  1614. 

Dalmow,  dirmSw',  or  Dal'amow,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Oude,  on  the  Ganges,  54  miles  S.  of  Lucknow.     P.  5654. 

Dalmy,  d&l'mee,  a  small  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  off 
the  Arabian  coast,  in  lat.  24°  36'  N.,  Ion.  52°  24'  E. 

Dairy,  daPri',  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Ayr,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Glasgow,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Garnock.  It  has  iron-works,  coal-  and  iron-mines,  and 
several  factories.     Pop.  5214. 

Dairy,  a  village  of  Scotland,  stewartry  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, 3  miles  N.W.  of  New  Galloway.     Pop.  637. 

Dal'rymple,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  4^  miles 
S.E.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Doon.     Pop.  309. 

Dal'rymple,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  23 
miles  N.  of  Woodville.     Pop.  100. 

Dalson,  Clark  co.,  111.    See  Dolson. 

Dalston,  dawl'stgn,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, forming  a  N.  suburb  of  London.     Pop.  13,110. 

Dalton,  dawl't^n,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  oo..  Ark., 
16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pocahontas.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
grist-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dalton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Chatta- 
nooga, 99  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Atlanta,  and  39  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Rome.  It  has  a  national  and  a  private  bank,  a  fine 
public  hall,  the  Dalton  Female  College,  public  graded 
schools,  11  churches,  a  factory  for  canning  fruits  and  vege- 
tables, a  cotton-mill,  a  cotton-compress,  flouring-mills,  iron- 
works, foundries  and  machine-shops,  a  hay-press  factory, 
a  music  publishing-house,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Dalton  was  nearly  de- 
stroyed in  the  civil  war,  since  which  it  has  increased  rapidly 
and  has  been  incorporated  as  a  city.     Pop.  in  1890,  3046. 

Dalton,  Cook  co..  III.    See  Dolton's  Station. 

Dalton,  Moultrie  co..  III.    See  Dalton  Citt. 

Dalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  Nettle 
Creek,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  1  or  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  73 ;  of  the  township,  582. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
(direct)  W.  of  Madisonville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Dalton,  a  post-town  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsfield. 
It  has  3  churches,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
paper,  woollen-goods,  and  shoes.     Pop.  2885. 

Dalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dal- 
ton township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  425. 

Dalton,  a  post- village  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of 
Brunswick,  and  about  4  miles  N.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It 
has  a  church  and  3  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  in  Dalton 
township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  9  miles  below 
Lancaster.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  It  is  2 
miles  from  Dalton  Station,  which  is  on  the  White  Mountains 
Railroad,  128  miles  N.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  township,  773. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-  and 
feed-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
about  750. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Winston.  It  has  manufactures  of  canned  goods 
and  general  stores.     Here  is  the  Dalton  Institute. 

Dalton,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Orrville,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Wooster.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  pottery, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  N. 
of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  foundry,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Dalton  City,  a  post-village  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sullivan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  file-works,  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  334. 

Dalton-in-Fnr'ness,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lancaster,  on  a  railway.  It  has  iron- 
mines  and  foundries.     In  its  vicinity  are  the  splendid  ruins 


of  Eumess  Abbey,  and  remains  of  a  castle  called  the  Peel  of 
Foundey,  erected  on  an  islet,  to  defend  the  harbor.   P.  9310. 

Dalupiri,  d4-loo-pe-ree'  (?),  one  of  the  Philippine  Is- 
lands, N.  of  Luzon.  Lat,  19°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  34'  E.  It 
is  30  miles  in  circumference. 

Da'ly's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles  E. 
of  the  Trinity  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Dal'zell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Dalziel,  di'yfil'  or  daryil',  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Lanark. 

Dam,  Den,  the  name  by  which  Appingedam  is  known 
to  the  country-people  of  Friesland.     See  Appingbdam. 

Damaghan,  di^mi-gin',  a  fortified  town  of  Persia,  in 
Khorassan,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Astrabad. 

Damak,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Demae. 

Damala,  di'mi^lft,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Argolis,  26 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Argos,  on  the  Gulf  of  ^gina.  Near  it  are 
the  remains  of  the  ancient  Trce'zen. 

Daman,  a  district  of  the  Punjab.    See  Damaun, 

Damanhoor,  or  Damanhour,  di^m&n-hoor'  (anc, 
Hermop'olis  Par'va),  written  also  Demenhoor',  a  town 
of  Egypt,  capital  of  the  Behera  prefecture,  at  a  railway 
junction,  38  miles  E.S,E,  of  Alexandria.  It  has  cotton- 
spinning-  and  woollen-weaving-factories.     Pop.  25,000. 

Damanhour  Sho'bra  (or  Chobra),  a  village  on  the 
Nile,  5  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  Here  the  Khedive  has  a  sum- 
mer residence. 

Damar,  di'maR',  or  Demar,  d^m^aR',  a  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Yemen,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sana,  with  a  citadel, 
a  college,  and  5000  houses. 

Damaran,  d&^m&-r&n',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, E.  of  Palawan.  Lat.  10°  45'  N.;  Ion.  120°  5'  E. 
It  is  45  miles  in  circumference. 

Dam^ariscot'ta,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  in 
Damariscotta  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Damariseotta 
River,  opposite  New  Castle,  and  on  the  Knox  <fc  Lincoln  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  shingle-mill,  manufactures 
of  brick  and  lumber,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  It  is  partly 
supported  by  ship-building.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  IbsO, 
1142;  in  1890,  1012. 

Damariscotta  Mills,  a  post-village  in  New  Castle 
and  Nobleborough  townships,  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Damariscotta  River,  and  on  the  Knox  &  Lin- 
coln Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  has  2  lum- 
ber-mills and  3  general  stores. 

Damariscotta  River,  Maine,  a  narrow  inlet  of  the 
sea,  extending  into  Lincoln  co.  It  is  nearly  22  miles  long, 
and  is  navigable  for  large  ships. 

Damascoville,  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  Damascus. 

Damascus  (anc.  Dameak,  d&-mdsk';  Arab.  Sham-eU 
Kebeer,  shS,m-fil-k§-beeR',  i.e.,  "  Damascus  the  Great,"  and 
Sham-es-Shereef,  shim-fis-sh^-reef,  i.e.,  "Damascus  the 
Holy"),  a  celebrated  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  the 
vilayet  of  Syria  and  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  beauti- 
fully situated  on  a  plain,  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Anti-Libanus 
range,  about  180  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Aleppo.  Lat.  33°  27'  N. ; 
Ion.  36°  25'  E,  It  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  in  the 
world.  It  is  6  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  dilapidated  wall.  Its  appearance,  when  it  first  opens 
on  the  view,  has  been  spoken  of  by  all  travellers,  in  all 
ages,  in  rapturous  terms.  The  Arabs  regard  it  as  one  of 
their  four  terrestrial  paradises.  The  plain  on  which  it 
stands  is  of  great  extent  and  extraordinary  fertility,  cov- 
ered with  beautiful  gardens  and  orchards,  irrigated  by  the 
limpid  waters  of  the  Barrada,  forming  a  grove  of  more  than 
50  miles  in  circuit.  But  the  interior  of  Damascus  by  no 
means  corresponds  with  the  beauty  of  its  environs.  The 
streets  are  narrow,  and  have,  many  of  them,  a  gloomy  and 
dilapidated  appearance.  Many  of  the  houses  are  built  with 
mud,  and  pierced,  towards  the  street,  by  a  very  few  small 
grated  windows  with  red-painted  shutters.  They  are  low, 
with  flat-arched  doors,  while  a  dung-hill  and  pool  of  putrid 
water  almost  invariably  stand  before  each  door.  In  many 
of  them,  however,  a  singular  contrast  is  presented  between 
the  outer  walls  of  gray  mud,  and  the  richness  within. 

The  best  and  wealthiest  part  of  the  city  is  what  is  called 
the  Moslem  quarter,  where  the  streets  are  wider  and  cleaner 
and  the  houses  higher  and  better  built.  The  Christian  and 
Jewish  quarters  are  miserable.  Among  the  places  most 
worthy  of  notice  in  Damascus  are  the  bazaars,  which  are 
merely  long  streets  covered  in  with  high  wood-work  and 
lined  with  shops,  stalls,  magazines,  and  caf6s.  In  the  midrt 
of  the  bazaars  stands  the  Great  Khan,  said  to  be  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  structures  of  this  kind  in  the  East.  It  is 
an   immense  cupola,  supported  on  granite  pillars,  and  built 


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lift  part  of  alternate  layers  of  black  and  white  marble.  Its 
(gate  is  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  Saracenic  architecture 
lia  the  world.  The  principal  mosque  is  also  a  fine  edifice, 
lajad  was  originally  a  Christian  cathedral.  Besides  the  more 
remarkable  architectural  objects  mentioned,  there  is  an  ex- 
tensive citadel,  also  a  serai  or  palace,  in  which  the  pasha 
resides.  This  city  still  continues  to  be  thoroughly  Oriental 
I  in  all  its  features  and  characteristics.  No  wheeled  vehicles 
of  any  kind  are  used,  nor  are  there  glass  windows  to  any  of 
I  the  houses.  Schools  are  numerous  and  generally  prosperous 
;  in  the  city. 

Damascus  is  the  chief  emporium  of  the  trade  in  European 
I  manufactures  with  Bagdad,  Bassorah,  Persia,  and  the  neigh- 
l>oring  countries ;  it  is  also  a  place  of  great  manufacturing 
i  industry.     Traders  and  merchants  arrive  and  depart  with 
,  the  caravans  to  and  from  Mecca  once  a  year ;  to  and  from 
I  Bagdad,  Mesopotamia,  and   Persia   two  or   three  times   a 
year  j  to  and  from  Aleppo  twice  a  month ;  to  and  from  Bey- 
root  weekly.     It  is  one  of  the  holy  cities,  and  here  the  pil- 
grims assemble  on  their  journey  to  Mecca,  and  separate 
cm  their  return  from  it.     The  business  classes  in  the  city 
i  consist  of  Mohammedan,  Christian,  and  Hebrew  merchants. 
I  There  are  manufactures  of  silk,  damasks,  cotton,  and  other 
I  fabrics,  besides  numerous  cotton-printing  and  dyeing  es- 
j  tablishments,  tobacco-factories,  copper-  and  iron-foundries, 
I  (jlass-works,  soaperies,  <fcc.     The  manufacture  of  Damascus 
lilades,  for  which  the  city  was  once  so  celebrated,  no  longer 
;  ozists;  but  saddles  and  bridles,  rich  and  highly  finished, 
I  line  cabinet-work,  and  elegant  jewelry  are  largely  produced. 
I  Until  a  recent  period,  no  Christian  could  walk  the  streets  of 
I  the  city  without  incurring  the  risk  of  being  maltreated.    In 
July,  1860,  the  Mohammedans  rose  en  masse,  slaughtered 
1  honsands  of  Christians,  and  drove  many  into  exile. 

Of  the  origin  of  Damascus  nothing  certain  is  known.  The 
Itnilding  of  it  has  been  ascribed  both  to  Abraham  and  to 
'■  lis  steward,  Eliezer.   There  is,  however,  abundant  evidence 
I  f  its  great  antiquity,  being  mentioned  in  Gen.  xiv.  15,  as 
existing  1913  years  B.C.,  and  appearing  even  then  to  have 
heen  a  place  of  note.     At  subsequent  periods  it  fell  suc- 
I  essively  under  the  power  of  the  Persians,  Greeks,  and  Ro- 
mans, attaining  great  eminence  under  the  last.     In  1516  it 
lell  into  the  hands  of  the  Turks,  who  retained  it  till  1832, 
I  'Then  it  was  taken  by  Ibrahim  Pasha,  but  reverted  again  to 
I  t  he  Turks  when  the  Pasha  of  Egypt  was  compelled  to  evac- 
I  iiate  Syria.     Beyroot,  distant  58  miles  N.W.,  by  an  excel- 
I  lentroad,  is  the  seaport  of  Damascus.    Pop.  150,000,  of  whom 

1  i.bout  19,000  are  Christians  and  5000  Jews. Adj.  and 

I  inhab.  Damascene,  dam^a-seen'j  Arab.  Shamee,  shi'mee\ 
j  Damascus,  a  district  or  sanjak  of  Syria,  comprising 
i  i.ll  of  that  country  between  Lebanon  and  the  Euphrates, 
j  having  N.  the  vilayets  of  Aleppo  and  Diarbekir,  W.  the 
I  districts  of  Tripoli  and  Lebanon,  and  S.  the  Haooran. 
I  Chief  city,  Damascus.  Here  are  the  remains  of  Palmyra 
I  i-nd  other  cities  celebrated  in  ancient  and  Bacred  history. 
'  ]5stimated  pop,  250,000,  exclusive  of  Bedouins. 

Damas'cuS)  a  mining  camp  or  hamlet  of  Placer  co., 
[  Dal.,  18  miles  from  Colfax.     It  has  a  church. 

Damascus)  a  post-village  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
I  8.  of  Arlington,  and  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.    It  has 
a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  125. 
Damascus,  apost-ofSce  of  Stephenson  co.,  HI. 
Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a 
wagon-shop. 

Damascus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Forest  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  13 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  and  carriage-works.  Pop.  about  800. 
Damascus,  Mahoning  co.,  0.  See  Garfield. 
Damascus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon, 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Oregon  City.  It  has  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, a  broom-factory,  Ac. 

Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Da- 
mascus township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  near  the  Erie 
Railroad,  is  130  miles  from  New  York,  and  about  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Honesdale.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  it 
with  Cochecton,  N.Y.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2442. 

Damaun,  da-maun'  (Port.  Daman,  or  Damao,  di- 
m6wN»'),  a  town  of  India,  belonging  to  Portugal  since  1558, 
It  is  on  the  river  Damaunganga,  near  the  sea,  Lat.  20° 
24'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  53'  E.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  Portuguese 
colony  of  Daman,  which  has  an  area  of  30  square  miles  and 
a  pop.  of  38,485. 

Damaun,  or  Daman,  a  former  district  of  India,  now 
included  in  Derajat. 


Damazan,  d&^m&^z&N>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-ei- 
Garonne,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  N6rac.     Pop.  1871. 

Dambach,  d&m^b&k',  a  town  of  Alsace,  4  miles  N.  of 
Schlettstadt.  Pop.  3226.  Near  it  are  mines  of  iron  and 
manganese. 

Dambakaneh,  d&m-b&-k&'n9h,  a  village  of  Africa,  on 
the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  30'  W. 

Dambea,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.    See  Dembea. 

Dam^bool',  or  Dambo'lo,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Kandy,  and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Colombo.  It 
receives  its  name  from  a  large  mass  of  rock,  situated  about 
a  mile  from  the  village,  and  named  Damboollagalla,  which 
rises  about  550  feet  high,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  which,  about 
100  feet  from  the  summit,  are  five  remarkable  cave-temples 
devoted  to  Booddha.  In  one  is  a  long  and  interesting  in- 
scription throwing  considerable  light  on  the  state  of  the 
government  of  Ceylon  in  the  twelfth  century.  These  caves, 
a  hundred  years  before  the  Christian  era,  served  as  a  place 
of  refuge  from  the  invading  Malabars,  to  the  Ceylonese 
monarch,  who,  in  gratitude  for  the  protection  thus  re- 
ceived, ordered  them  to  be  enlarged,  placed  in  them  images 
of  Booddha,  appointed  priests  to  take  charge  of  them,  and 
dedicated  certain  lands  for  their  support.  Notwithstanding 
all  the  changes  that  have  taken  place  since  that  period, 
the  priests  of  Booddha  still  officiate  at  the  temples, 

Damborschitz,  d&m'bor-shits^,  or  Damboritz, 
dim'bo-rits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Briinn. 
Pop.  2150. 

Damer,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Ed-Damer. 

Damery,  di^m?h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marne,  4 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Epemay,     Pop,  1750. 

Damesk,  an  ancient  name  of  Damascus. 

Dame's  Quarter,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
near  Tangier  Sound,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Crisfield.  It  ha« 
3  stores. 

Damgarten,  d&m^gaR't^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  25  miles  W.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  1826. 

Damghan,  d&m^gS,n',  a  ruined  town  of  Persia,  in 
Khorassan,  50  miles  S.  of  Astrabad. 

Da'miansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  III., 
about  22  miles  E.  of  Belleville. 

Damietta,  dam-e-et'ta  (Arab.  Damiat,  d&-me-&t',  or 
Dimyat' ;  anc.  Tamia' this),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Nile,  about  8  miles  from  the  sea,  and  113  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Cairo.  Vessels  of  60  tons  can  cross  ita 
bar;  and  the  place  has  considerable  trade  in  dates,  bones, 
rags,  dried  fish,  and  grain.  Pop,,  chiefly  native  Moham- 
medans, (1882)  34,046. 

Damm,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  on 
the  AschafiF,  near  AschaflFenburg.     Pop.  1900. 

Damm,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Altdamm. 

Damm,  Lake  of.     See  Dammsche-See. 

Damma,  a  Malay  island.    See  Damue. 

Dammarie,  d&m^m&^ree',  the  name  of  several  villagea 
in  the  central  departments  of  France ;  the  principal  in  Eare- 
et-Loir,  8  miles  S.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1300. 

Dammartin,  dim^maRHiN<>',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Marne,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Meaux.  Pop.  1784. 
Several  villages,  in  the  departments  of  Doubs,  Jura,  Haute- 
Marne,  Jkc,  are  named  Dammartin. 

Damme,  d&mm  or  dim'm^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  950. 

Damme,  dd,m'm9h,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  and 
43  miles  S.  of  Oldenburg,  with  a  cattle-market.    Pop.  1448. 

Damme,  d&m'm^h,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
between  Ceram  and  Timor,  lat.  7°  10'  S.,  Ion.  128°  40'  E., 
about  12  miles  square.  It  is  very  mountainous,  and  has  a 
lofty  active  volcano  in  its  N.E.  part,  where  there  are  also 
hot  springs. 

Damme,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Altsamu. 

Dam'mer,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the 
S.  extremity  of  Gilolo,  in  lat.  1°  S.,  Ion.  128°  10'  E. 

Dammerkirch,  d&m'm^r-keerK^  (Fr.  Bannemarie, 
dinn^mi^ree'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bel- 
fort,     Pop. 1164, 

Dammersellen,  Switzerland.     See  Daohersellen. 

Dammgarten,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Damgarten. 

Dammoo'dah,  or  Damo'da,  a  river  of  India,  which 
has  its  rise  in  the  district  of  Lohardaga,  presidency  of  Ben- 
gal, in  lat,  23°. 55'  N.,  Ion,  84°  53'  E,  It  has  a  S,  course 
of  350  miles,  through  the  districts  of  Hazarybaugh,  Man- 
bhoom,  Bancoorah,  and  Burdwan,  and  falls  into  the  Hoogly 
in  lat.  22°  13'  N.,  Ion.  88°  7'  E,  It  has  numerous  tribu- 
taries. The  valley  of  the  Dammoodah  abounds  in  iron  and 
coal.     It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Ampata. 

Dammsche-See,  d&mm'shf h-sd.',  or  Dammische- 
8ee,  d&m'me-8h9h-B&\  a  lake  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania. 


DAM 


1000 


DAN 


formed  by  the  Oder  near  its  mouth.  Length,  10  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  2  miles.     It  is  navigable  in  all  its  extent. 

Damoh)  a  town  of  India.     See  Dumoh. 

Damoo,  di^moo',  a  town  of  Thibet,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of 
the  Niti-Ghaut.     Lat.  31°  26'  N. ;  Ion,  79°  53'  E. 

Daiupiery  dam'peer,  an  island  on  the  N.  coast  of  Papua, 
or  New  Guinea,  in  lat.  4°  40'  S.,  Ion.  145°  50'  E. 

Dampier  Archipelago  is  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  lat.  21°  S.,  Ion.  116°-117°  E.,  and  comprises 
Enderby,  Lewis,  Rosemary,  Legendre,  Depuch,  and  many 
Bmaller  islands.  Dampier  Strait,  between  the  islands  of 
Waigeoo  and  Papua,  is  70  miles  long  and  35  miles  broad. 

Dampierre^  d&M^pe-aiR',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Jura, 
near  the  Doubs,  12  miles  N.E.  of  D81e.     Pop.  705. 

Dampierre-sur-Salou,  d6M'pe-aiR'-sUR-s4MiH»',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Haute-Saone,  on  the  Salon,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Gray.  Pop.  1353.  Dampierre  is  the  name  of  several 
villages  in  Central  and  Western  France. 

Damp'nian's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Waynesburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16 
miles  from  Downingtown. 

Dampoor,  or  Dhampoor,  d&mJ)oor',  a  town  of 
India,  Bijnaur  district,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Moradabad. 
Pop.  6555. 

Dampremy,  diir^pri^mee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  a  few  miles  £.  of  Charleroi.  It  has  glass-works 
and  coal-mines.     Pop.  5335. 

Dam'sa,  a  beautiful  islet  of  the  Orkneys,  in  the  Bay 
and  forming  part  of  the  parish  of  Firth. 

Damnggoo,  d&-mug-goo',  a  large  town  of  Africa,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Niger.     Lat.  7°  N. ;  Ion.  7°  50'  E. 

Damville,  d5MVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  968. 

Damvillers,  dftMVee'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meuse, 

13  miles  S.  of  Montmgdy.     Pop.  834. 

Dan,  a  city  of  antiquity  in  Palestine,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  **  Promised  Land."  The  site  of  Dan  has  been 
identified  with  Tell-el-Kady,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Banias. 

Dan,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa. 

Dana,  di'ni,  an  important  river  of  East  Africa,  rises 
near  Mount  Eenia,  and  flows  across  the  coast  plain  S.E.  to 
Formosa  Bay.  It  is  said  to  be  navigable  for  about  100  miles 
from  the  coast. 

Dana,  d&'ni,  a  village  of  Northern  Syria,  pashalic  and 
20  miles  W.  of  Aleppo.     It  has  many  remains  of  antiquity. 

Dana,  di'na  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  about 

14  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Streator.  It  has  a  church,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  221. 

Dana,  a  post- village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  495. 

Dana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Grand  Junction,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of 
Jefferson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Dana,  a  post-township  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about 
28  miles  W.N.W.,  of  Worcester.  It  contains  a  village  named 
North  Dana,  and  has  manufactures  of  palm-leaf  bats. 

Dana,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Carbon  co.,Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Rawlins. 

Danakil,  the  plural  of  Dankali. 

Danapris,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Dnieper. 

Danaster  and  Danastris.    See  Dniester. 

Danau  and  Danaw,  names  of  the  Danube. 

Dau'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Doylestown.     It  has  several  stores,  &c. 

Dan'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Washington  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Danbury,  dan'b§r-e,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  is  at  the  north  terminus  of  the  Danbury  & 
Norwalk  Railroad,  69  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  20  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Bridgeport.  The  Brookfield  Branch  of  the  Housatonic 
Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Brookfield  Junction, 
and  there  connects  with  the  main  line  of  that  railroad.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  a  public  library,  2  na- 
tional and  2  savings-banks,  2  large  graded  schools,  2  news- 
paper offices,  38  bat-factories,  2  machine-works,  a  silver- 
ware-factory, 3  fur-cutting  works,  and  2  box-factories. 
Its  prosperity  is  mainly  supported  by  its  manufactures  of 
hats.  Danbury  was  burned  by  the  British  in  April,  1777. 
Pop.  in  1890,  16,552. 

Danbury,  a  post- village  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  64 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  423. 

Danbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb.,  33 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Beaver  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  bank.     Pop.  100. 


Danbury,  a  post-village  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.H.,  ia 
Danbury  township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  39  miles  N.W. 
of  Concord.  The  township  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  it 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

Danbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,on 
the  Dan  River,  about  112  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  hu 
2  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufag. 
tures  of  tobacco  and  iron. 

Danbury,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  S.  by  Sandusky  Bay 
which  separates  it  from  Sandusky  City.  It  has  a  station 
(Danbury)  on  the  Lake  Shore  &,  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.  of  Sandusky.  Danbury  Post-Office  is  at 
this  station.     Pop.  1252. 

Dan'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Danby  township,  Ionia  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.  Pop, 
of  the  township,  1140.  Danby  Station  is  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  <fc  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Lansing. 

Danby,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Neb. 

Danby,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Danby 
township,  6  miles  S.  of  Ithaca,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Elmira.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Pop.  about  400.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  hamlet  named  West  Danby,  which  is  on  the 
Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad.    Pop.  of  township,  2161. 

Danby,  a  post- village  in  Danby  township,  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rutland,  and  i 
mile  W.  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  charcoal,  boxes,  and  chair-stock ; 
also  a  marble-quarry.  Dairying  is  the  principal  business 
of  Danby,  which  has  8  cheese-factories.  Pop.  about  250; 
of  the  township,  1084. 

Dan'by,  or  Old  Dnr'ham,  a  post-village  in  Dram- 
mond  CO.,  Quebec,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Richmond.    P.  117. 

Danby  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  4  miles  from  Danby  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Dan'cing  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Madisonville. 

Dau'cyville,  a  post-village  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn., 
about  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  an  academy 
and  3  churches. 

Danda,  d&n'di,  or  Daudejd&n'd^h,  a  river  of  Soutli 
western  Africa,  in  the  Portuguese  province  of  Angola,  en- 
ters the  Atlantic  60  miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Coania, 
after  a  course  estimated  at  200  miles.  Danda  is  a  village 
near  its  mouth. 

Dan'dridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Tenn.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  and  3  miles  N. 
of  the  French  Broad  River.  It  has  an  academy,  a  female 
institute,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and 
wagons.     Pop.  about  800. 

Dane,  or  D£ine.    See  Denmark. 

Dane,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area 
of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Wisconsin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Catfish,  Koshko- 
nong,  and  Sugar  Rivers.  Among  the  physical  featurea 
of  this  county  are  four  beautiful  lakes,  named  Mendota, 
Menona,  Kegonsa,  and  Waubesa,  which  are  connected  by 
short  outlets.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hills  of 
moderate  height,  undulating  prairies,  and  groves  or  "oak 
openings."  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian 
corn,  hay,  butter,  pork,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  by  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  all  three  roads  centring  at  Mad- 
ison, the  capital  of  the  county.  Madison  is  also  the  capital 
of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  53,096;  in  1880,  53,233;  in 
1890,  59,578. 

Dane,  or  Dane  Station,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co,, 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  district  school,  a  Catholic  parochial  school, 
manufactures  of  butter,  and  is  inhabited  by  Germans. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1161. 

D^lnemark.    See  Denmark. 

Danemarka,  the  Italian  for  Denmark. 

Danemora,  or  Dannemora,  di-ne-mo'ri,  a  village 
of  Sweden,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Upsal,  celebrated  for  the 
iron-mines  in  its  vicinity,  which  have  been  worked  without 
interruption  from  the  fifteenth  century  and  produce  the 
finest  iron.    Railwaj's  connect  it  with  Gefle  and  Stockholm. 

Danemora,  New  York.    See  Dannemora. 

Dane  Prairie,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  P.  287. 

Daneshalt,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Ddnshelt. 

Dane  Station,  Dane  co..  Wis.     See  Dane. 

Dan'ford,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0. 

Dan'forth,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  cc,  111.,  on  the 


DAN 


1001 


DAN 


Illinois  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Paxton,  and  21 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  300. 

Dauforthy  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  cc,  Iowa,  18 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Danforth)  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  in 
Danforth  township,  on  the  European  &  North  American 
Railroad,  88  miles  N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1063. 

Danforth,  a  post- village  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Kirksville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Danforth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  about  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Miller. 

Dangeau,  d6N»^zho',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  9  miles  N.  of  Chateaudun.     Pop.  1409. 

Danger  (dain'j^r)  Island,  of  Chagos  Archipelago,  on 
the  W.  edge  of  the  Great  Chagos  Bank.  Lat.  6°  25'  S. ;  Ion. 
71°  18'  30"  E. 

Dangerfield,  Morris  co.,  Tex.     See  Daingerfiel]}. 

Danger  Isles,  a  small  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific. 
Lat.  11°  S.;  Ion.  166°  W. 

Dangerous  Archipelago,  dain'j^r-iis  ar-ke-pel'- 
^go,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  21°  S., 
Ion.  140°  W.,  nearly  identical  with  the  Low  Archipelago. 

Danger  (dang'gh^r)  River  {Danger  is  a  corruption  of 
lyAngra,  or  Bio  d'Angra,  i.e.,  the  "River  of  the  Bay"),  a 
river  of  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Bight  of  Biafra,  form- 
ing a  considerable  bay  at  its  mouth,  in  lat.  1°  N. 

Danholm,  d&n'holm,  formerly  Strale,  str&'l^,  a  small 
island  in  the  Baltic,  in  the  narrow  strait  between  Riigen 
the  mainland. 

ania,  a  Latin  name  for  Denmark. 
anie,  an  island  of  Persia.     See  Dabnt. 
aniell's  (din'y^lz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Douglas 
oo.,  Ga.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Whitesburg  Station.     Here  are 
a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dan'ielsonville,  a  post-borough  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Killingly  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and 
on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Norwich,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Putnam.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  a  graded 
ichool,  and  several  cotton-mills,  which  make  prints  and 
•heetings.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Dan'ielsville,  a  small  post- village,  capital  of  Madison 
so.,  Ga.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Athens.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  140. 

Danielsville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
15  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Pen-Argyle.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  slate  mantels  and  black-boards.  P.  400. 

Danielsville,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Danilisha,  d4-ne-lee'shi,  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Perm,  of  which  city  it  is  a  suburb. 

Danilov,  or  Danilow,  di-ne-lov',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the 
Pelenda.  It  is  surrounded  by  collieries,  and  has  dye-works 
•Mid  manufactures  of  candles.     Pop.  4365. 

Danilovetschi,  or  Danilowitschi,  d&-ne-lo-vdtch'- 
<8e,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  miles  N.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1500. 

Danische-Wald,  di'nish-^h-Mlt^  a  country  of  Sles- 
wiok,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Eckernforde  and  Kiel. 

Danish,  or  D^nisch.     See  Denmark. 

Dankali,  d&n'k&-lee',  plural  Danakil,  d&-nd,'keel^ 
or  di-n4'kil,  a  name  strictly  belonging  to  the  African  peo- 
ple called  Afar  (which  see),  it  being  an  Arabic  appellation 
for  that  race ;  but  geographers  frequently  apply  the  names 
Dankali  and  Danakil  to  a  portion  of  the  Afar  country, 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  Red  Sea  and  S.W.  by  a  range  of 
mountains  running  nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  and  forming 
a  frontier-line  towards  Tigr6  and  the  Qalla  country.  It 
is  about  250  miles  in  length,  by  about  56  in  width  at  the 
broadest  part,  and  extends  from  about  lat.  13°  to  15°  30' 
N.  It  is  in  general  low,  sandy,  dry,  and  unproductive, 
although  said  to  have  been  formerly  a  rich  country.  The 
heat  is  often  excessive,  the  thermometer  rising  frequently 
to  110°.  In  the  dry  season  it  is  almost  destitute  of  water. 
Its  population  is  composed  of  various  tribes,  described  by 
all  travellers  as  being  unprincipled,  treacherous,  and  cruel. 
Pop.  estimated  at  70,000. 

Dankara,  din'kq,-r4\  Denkera,  den'k9-ri\  or  Din- 
kira,  din'k^-ri^  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  kingdom 
of  the  same  name,  47  miles  W.  of  Coomassie.  The  king- 
dom is  under  British  protection,  and  has  gold-mines. 

Dankaur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dunkodb. 

Dankia,  a  mountain  of  Asia.     See  Dunkia. 

Dankov,  or  Dankow,  din-kov',  written  also  Don- 
kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  90  miles  S.  of 
Riazan,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  2153. 
tJ4 


Danmark,  the  Danish  for  Denmark. 
Dan^naikencot'ta,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  the 

presidency  of  Madras,  32  miles  N.  of  Coimbatoor. 

Dan'nebrog,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Neb.,  about 
9  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  280. 

Dannemarie,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Dammerkirch. 

Dannemora,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Danemora. 

Dannemo'ra,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dannemora  township,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  A 
prison  known  as  the  Clinton  State  Prison  was  established 
here  in  1845  in  order  to  employ  convicts  in  mining  and 
manufacturing  iron.  Chazy  Lake  is  in  this  township.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2962.  Dannemora  Station,  several  miles 
N.  of  the  town  limits,  is  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Cham- 
plain  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of  Malone. 

Dannenberg,  d&n'n^n-b^RO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Jeetze.  Pop. 
2062. 

Danois,  the  French  for  the  inhabitants  of  Denmark. 

Dan  River  rises  in  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  from  which  it  runs 
into  Stokes  co.,  N.C.  Flowing  northeastward  through  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  it  returns  into  Virginia,  and  passes  by  Dan- 
ville, below  which  its  general  direction  is  eastward.  After 
it  has  crossed  the  southern  boundary  of  Virginia  five  times, 
it  unites  with  the  Staunton  River  at  Clarksville,  in  Meck- 
lenburg 00.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the 
Roanoke  River.  The  Dan  River  is  about  200  miles  long, 
and  is  navigable  by  bateaus  to  Danville. 

Dan  River,  a  township  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C.     P.  1910. 

Dan's  Fork  of  the  Big  Black  River,  Mo.,  rises  in  La- 
fayette CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Big  Black  in 
Saline  co. 

Dansville,  danz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Ingham  oo.,  Mich., 
in  Ingham  township,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Mason,  and  about  70 
miles  W.N.  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wagons, 
staves,  and  bolts.     Pop.  366. 

Dansville,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Danville  township,  on  the  Canaseraga  Creek,  on  the 
Dansville  A  Mount  Morris  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Mount 
Morris,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  76  miles  S.E.  of 
Bufialo.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  union  school,  2  banks, 
a  chair-factory,  paper-  and  pulp-mills,  a  reaper  and  mower 
manufactory,  machine-shops,  flouring-mills,  and  large  nur- 
series and  vineyards.  Here  is  the  largest  fire-proof  hygi- 
enic institute  in  the  world,  known  as  the  "  Jackson  Sana- 
torium." Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3625;  in  1890,  3758. 

Dansville  (South  Dansville  Post-Office),  a  township  of 
Steuben  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1854.     It  contains  Rogersville. 

Dansville,  or  Danville,  a  hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0., 
in  Salem  township,  about  13  miles  W.  of  Pomeroy.  It  has 
a  church.     Here  is  Alberta  Post-Office. 

Dant'zic,orDant'zick(Ger.Z>anj!»5r,da,nt'siG;  Polish, 
Gdansk,  g'd&nsk ;  Fr.  Dantzick,  diNt^zeek' ;  L.  Dautia'cum), 
a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name, 
province  of  West  Prussia,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Vistula,  3i  miles  from  its  outlet,  which  traverses  the  city 
and  is  here  joined  by  the  Mottlau  and  the  Radaune.  Lat. 
54°  21'  4"  N.j  Ion.  18°  39'  34"  E.  Railways  connect  it 
with  the  principal  towns  of  North  Germany.  The  mean 
temperature  of  the  year  is  45°,  winter,  30°,  summer,  62° 
Fahr.  It  is  nearly  of  a  circular  form,  and  ranks  as  a  fortress 
of  the  first  class,  being  surrounded  by  w.alls  and  bastions, 
defended  by  a  citadel  and  outworks,  and  provided  with  the 
means  of  laying  a  part  of  the  surrounding  country  under 
water.  It  is  entered  by  four  gates,  has  nine  suburbs,  and  is 
divided  into  five  parts, — the  Old,  the  New,  and  the  Low  Town, 
the  Speicher  (granaries),  an  island,  and  Langgarten.  The 
last  is  the  more  modern  part  of  the  town,  and  is  both  regu- 
larly and  well  built.  In  the  other  parts  the  houses  are  gen 
erally  old  and  indifi'erent  and  the  streets  narrow  and  wind- 
ing. The  principal  public  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  finished 
in  1503,  numerous  churches,  chapels,  synagogues,  monas- 
teries and  nunneries,  a  gymnasium,  2  realschulen,  a  school 
of  navigation,  schools  of  commerce,  arts,  and  trade,  a  public 
library  with  60,000  volumes,  an  observatory,  a  museum,  an 
orphan  asylum,  a  house  of  industry,  several  hospitals,  town 
halls,  an  arsenal,  a  navy-yard,  and  an  exchange.  Vessels 
drawing  8  or  9  feet  of  water  can  reach  the  city ;  others  lie 
in  the  Neufahrwasser,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  or  in 
the  roads,  which  afford  good  anchorage  for  vessels  of  any 
burden.  Its  principal  manufactures  are  fire-arms,  toliaooo, 
silks,  vitriol,  jewelry,  shipping,  amber  goods,  and  gotdtoeu' 
»er  ;  and  it  has  numerous  distilleries,  breweries,  flour-mjU* 


DAN 


1002 


DAN 


dye-works,  and  sugar-refineries.  The  principal  exports  are 
wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  pease,  flour,  linseed,  rape,  biscuits, 
provisions,  ashes,  zinc,  bones,  timber,  staves,  flax,  hemp, 
linens,  spirits,  beer,  and  wool.  The  imports  comprise  woollen 
and  silken  stuff's  and  other  manufactured  goods,  petroleum, 
coal,  fish,  dyes,  wine,  oil,  spice,  fruit,  salt,  and  furs. 

The  proper  port  of  Dantzic  is  Neufahrwasser,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Vistula,  to  which  a  railway  extends,  the  number  of 
sand-banks  which  encumber  the  river  immediately  above 
seriously  obstructing  the  navigation.  Now,  however,  by 
means  of  a  canal  about  150  feet  wide  by  15  feet  deep,  the 
worst  of  the  obstructions  are  avoided,  and  vessels  of  large 
size  come  up  close  to  the  town.  It  has  a  large  trade  also  by 
rail  and  by  river.  The  corn-granaries,  with  warehouses  for 
linens,  ashes,  hemp,  &o.,  are  all  situated  on  a  small  island 
formed  by  the  Mottlau. 

As  early  as  970  there  was  a  town  here.  In  1271  it  was 
taken  by  Mestwin,  and  in  1294  by  the  Poles.  It  was  occu- 
pied by  the  Teutonic  Knights  from  1310  till  1464,  when  it 
became  independent  under  the  protection  of  Poland,  and 
was  for  a  long  period  a  principal  member  of  the  Hanseatio 
League.  Dantzic  was  assigned  to  Prussia  at  the  second 
partition  of  Poland.  It  capitulated  to  the  French  in  1807. 
Since  1815  its  fortifications  have  been  greatly  improved.  P. 
in  1876,  97,931;  in  1890, 120,469. Inhab.  Dant'zickeb. 

DantziC)  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  West 
Prussia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Baltic,  E.  by  Konigsberg,  S.  by 
Marienwerder,  and  W.  by  CSslin.  Area,  3071  square  miles. 
Surface  level  and  well  watered.  Products,  corn,  barley, 
flax,  and  tobacco.  Horses,  cattle,  and  swine  are  reared. 
The  principal  lakes  are  the  Drausensee,  Isarnowitzersee, 
and  Radaunensee.  The  Vistula  is  the  principal  river. 
Chief  towns,  Dantzic  and  Elbing.     Pop.  about  560,000. 

Dantzick.    See  Dantzic. 

Dan'ube  (anc.  Danu'Mus,  and  la'ter  ;  Ger.  Donau,  d5'- 
now ;  Hun.  JDuna,  doo'noh),  the  largest  river  in  Europe  next 
to  the  Volga,  formed  by  the  union  at  Donaueschingen  of  two 
streams,  the  Brege  and  the  Brigach,  which  rise  in  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Black  Forest,  in  lat.  48°  6'  N.,  Ion.  8°  9'  E., 
2650  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Its  general  course  is  from  W. 
to  E.,  falling  into  the  Black  Sea  by  four  mouths,  viz.,  the 
Kilia,  Stambool,  Edrillis  or  St.  George's,  and  Soolina.  The 
last,  which  is  the  deepest  and  has  been  much  improved  by 
the  construction  of  jetties,  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  46°  9'  18" 
N.,  Ion.  29°  40'  30"  E.  The  extent  of  its  basin  is  269,180 
square  miles ;  the  direct  distance  from  source  to  mouth,  1000 
miles,  but  including  windings,  about  2000.  From  its  source 
it  flows  in  a  general  easterly  direction  (passing  Ulm,  Lintz, 
Vienna,  and  Presburg)  till  it  reaches  Waitzen,  in  Hungary  ; 
there  it  turns  S.  to  Vukovar,  in  Slavonia,  passing  Pesth  ; 
from  Vukovar  it  flows  in  a  general  southeasterly  direction  to 
its  mouths,  passing  in  its  course  Belgrade,  Orsova,  Widin, 
Nicopolis,  Silistria,  Galatz,  and  Ismail,  and  forming  between 
Belgrade  and  Orsova  the  boundary  between  Hungary  and 
Servia,  and  from  Orsova  to  below  Silistria  the  boundary 
between  Roumania  and  Bulgaria.  Below  the  Pruth  its  N. 
bank  is  Russian,  and  on  the  S.  is  the  Dobrudja,  now  a 
part  of  Roumania.  The  average  fall  of  the  Danube  is  18 
inches  per  mile.  It  is  joined  in  its  course  by  over  400 
tributaries,  of  which  100  are  navigable.  Among  the  prin- 
cipal tributaries  on  the  right  may  be  noted  the  tiler. 
Lech,  Isar,  Inn,  Enns,  Raab,  Drave,  Save,  and  Morava; 
on  the  left,  the  Altmiihl,  Regen,  March,  Theiss,  Temes, 
Aluta,  Sereth,  and  Pruth.  At  Ulm  the  Danube  becomes 
navigable  for  flat-bottomed  boats  of  100  tons.  Between 
Alt-Orsova,  in  Hungary,  and  Gladova,  in  Servia,  the  navi- 
gation was  formerly  eff^ectually  stopped  by  the  famous  rapid 
or  cataract  called  the  Iron  Gate.  Modern  science  has  done 
much  to  overcome  this  obstacle,  and  vessels  drawing  9  feet 
are  now  able  to  pass  it.  A  tax  is  levied  on  all  vessels  navi- 
gating the  river,  to  complete  so  far  as  possible  the  removal 
of  this  obstruction.  Above  Orsova  the  rapidity  of  the  cur- 
rent is  so  great  as  to  render  navigation,  save  by  steam, 
impossible ;  below  that  point  the  flow  is  gentle  and  equable. 
The  delta  formed  among  its  channels  or  mouths  comprises 
an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles. Adj.  Danu'bian. 

Dan'ube)  a  post-township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  about  28  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Utica,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Mohawk  River.  It  has  5  cheese-factories, 
and  contains  Newville.     Pop.  1324. 

Danubian  Principalities  or  Provinces.  See 
Roumania,  Servia,  and  Bulgaria. 

Danum,  the  ancient  name  of  Doncaster. 

DanuS)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Ain. 
Dan'vers,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in  Dan- 
vers  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bloomington.     It 


has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office 
an  elevator,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  506. 

Danvers,  a  post- village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Danvers 
township,  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Eastern  division 
and  the  Newburyport  Branch  of  the  Western  division  of 
the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Bos- 
ton, and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  branch 
of  the  Peabody  Free  Public  Library,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  shoes,  bricks,  leather,  and  boxes.  Here  is  the 
new  and  beautiful  insane  asylum  founded  by  the  state,  thfr 
edifice  of  which  cost  nearly  $2,000,000.  It  is  situated  on  a 
hill,  and  is  surmounted  by  towers  which  command  a  mag- 
nificent view.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  The 
township  contains  also  2  villages,  named  Danvers  Centre 
and  Danvers  Port,  and  has  9  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  7454. 

Danvers  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Danvers  township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Salem,  and  2  miles 
W.  of  Danvers.  Its  station  is  on  the  Newburyport  Branch 
of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  i  mile  S.W.  of  Danvers. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  shoe-factories. 

Danvers  Port,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Danvers  township,  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  and  on  a  navigable  inlet  of  the  ocean,  3i  miles 
N.W.  of  Salem,  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  Here  are 
several  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
shoes,  iron,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Dan'ville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Danville 
College,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Danville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Petit  Jean  River,  about  74  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  district  school. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  16 
miles  E.  of  Oakland.     It  has  a  church  and  3  general  stores. 

Danville,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Vermilion 
CO.,  is  on  the  Vermilion  River,  in  Danville  township,  132 
miles  S.  of  Chicago,  73  miles  E.N.E.  of  Decatur,  and  .33 
miles  E.  of  Champaign.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern 
Dlinois  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Paris  t 
Danville  Railroad.  The  Wabash  Railroad  crosses  the  In- 
dianapolis, Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad  at  this  place,, 
which  is  also  a  terminus  of  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &■ 
Chicago  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  an  opera- 
house,  3  public  halls,  18  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  other 
banks,  the  Danville  High  School,  3  foundries,  5  steam- 
mills,  and  numerous  manufactures.  Three  daily  and  5 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Bituminous  coal 
crops  out  here  in  the  bluffs  of  the  river,  and  is  mined  exten- 
sively. The  car-shops  and  machine-shops  of  the  Chicago 
&  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad  are  located  at  Danville.  Pop. 
in  1890,  11,491;  of  the  township,  17,768. 

Danville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind.^ 
in  Centre  township,  on  White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  graded  school, 
a  plough-factory,  and  saw-  and  flour-mills.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1569. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa,  IS 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churohea. 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Harper  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Harper,  and  11  miles  direct  N.B.  of 
Anthony.  It  has  2  churches,  2  academies,  general  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  300. 

Danville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  3& 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lexington,  and  4  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Junction  City.  It  is  the  seat  of  Centre  College  (Presby- 
terian), which  was  founded  in  1819  and  has  about  150 
students  and  a  library  of  6000  volumes.  Danville  contain* 
a  court-house,  the  Caldwell  Institute,  3  national  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  institution  for  deaf-mutes,  14  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ice,  and  bricks.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3766. 

Danville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  in 
Auburn  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Portland,  and  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auburn  Court-House. 
It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  150.  The 
name  of  its  station  is  Danville  Junction. 

Danville,  a  post-township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  618. 

Danville,  a  post-office  of  Alcorn  co..  Miss.,  8  or  9  milt 
S.W.  of  Corinth.  ' 

Danville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
Mo.,  in  Danville  township,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Me 
ico,   and  44  miles   E.N.E.  of  Jeff'erson   City.     It  hae 


DAN 


1003 


DAB 


t 


churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  380;  of  the 
township,  2682. 

Danville,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.H., 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  violins,  Ac.     Pop.  548. 

Danville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  about  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Belvidere.    It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Danville,  New  York.    See  Dansvillb. 

Danville,  a  village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Hillsborough,  and  about  44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  157.     Here  is  Nevin  Post-OflBce. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Enox  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  14  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  cigar-factory,  a  newspaper  oflBce, 
a  normal,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  292. 

P Danville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Range  town- 
to,  10  miles  S.  of  London.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  100. 
Danville,  Meigs  co.,  0.  See  Dansville. 
Danville,  Bucks  co..  Pa.  See  Danborough. 
Danville,  a  flourishing  post-borough,  capital  of  Mon- 
tour CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  the  base  of  Montour's  Ridge,  and 
on  the  Catawissa  and  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroads, 
50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre,  44  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of 
Williamsport,  and  56  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Harris- 
burg.  The  Danville,  Hazleton  &  Wilkesbarre  Railroad 
passes  along  the  other  bank  of  the  river,  which  is  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge.  Danville  contains  16  churches,  2 
national  banks,  an  asylum  for  the  insane  founded  by  the 
state,  and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  4  weekly  and  2  daily 
newspapers.  Here  are  also  the  Pennsylvania  Iron-Works 
(the  first  establishment  erected  in  the  United  States  for  the 
manufacture  of  railroad  iron,  and  among  the  most  exten- 
sive in  the  country ),7  blast-furnaces,  4  rolling-mills,  and  5 
iron-foundries.  The  value  of  the  forged  and  rolled  iron 
produced  here  sometimes  amounts  to  $5,000,000  annually. 
Danville  was  first  settled  in  1768.  Pop.  in  1870,  8436;  in 
^  JgSO,  8346;  in  1890,  7998. 

HBDanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  18  miles 
H  ^Hrect)  S.  of  Parker.  Near  it  are  2  churches. 
H^KDanville,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
HHfnnessee  River,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Erin.  It  has  2 
HB»n-furnaces  near  it.  Pop.  in  1890,  107. 
HBDanville,  a  post-office  of  Comal  co.,  Tex. 
HHjDanville,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  about  47 
HHjles  N.  of  Houston,  and  2  miles  from  Willis. 
H^P?anville,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in  Dan- 
~  ville  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  11 
miles  from  St.  Johnsbury,  and  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded 
school,  manufactures  of  bobbins  and  butter-tubs,  and  a 
sulphur  spring.  The  township  contains  hamlets  named 
North  and  West  Danville,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
J  goods.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1784. 
^■H  Danville,  a  flourishing  post-town  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
^|Bft.,  is  situated  on  the  Dan  River,  and  on  the  Richmond 
Vb  Danville  Railroad,  141  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond,  48 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Greensborough,  N.C.,  and  65  miles  S. 
of  Lynchburg.  It  is  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad,  236  miles  from  Washington,  D.C.  It 
contains  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  the 
Danville  Male  Academy,  the  Danville  Female  College,  the 
Roanoke  Female  College,  and  several  tobacco-factories. 
Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It 
has  a  large  trade  in  tobacco,  which  is  the  staple  product  of 
the  county.  This  town  is  the  centre  of  the  fine  yellow 
tobacco  section;  and  it  is  stated  that  25,000,000  pounds  of 
leaf  tobacco  are  sometimes  sold  here  in  a  year.  Pop.  in 
1870.  3463;  in  1880,  7526;  in  1890,  10,305. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  17  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Juneau.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring- 
ffiill,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds. 

Danville,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  oo.,  Quebec,  86 
miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Quebec,  and  87  miles  N.E.  of  Mon- 
treal.    It  contains  2  hotels,  4  churches,  5  or  6  stores,  a 
printing-office,  a  match-factory,  a  foundry,  a  carriage-fao- 
tory,  a  uabinet-faotory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  621. 
Danville  Junction,  Kentucky.    See  Shelby  Citt. 
Danville  Junction,  Maine.    See  Danville. 
Dan'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in  Mis- 
sion township,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurora. 
Dan/ig,  a  city  of  Prussia.     See  Dantzic. 
Daodapoora,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bhawlpoor. 
Daoodnuggur,  Daoudnagur,  or  Ddndnagar, 
la-ood-nug'gur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Gaya,  on  the  river  Sone.     It  has  manufactures  of 
eottons,  carpets,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  10,058. 


Daooria,  Daonria,  or  Danria,  d&-oo're-&,  a  conn- 
try  of  Asia,  forming  the  circle  of  Nerchinsk  in  the  Russian 
province  of  Transbaikalia.  The  people  called  Daooriani 
have  been  driven  into  Chinese  Manchooria,  and  the  present 
inhabitants  are  Toongooses,  Booriats,  and  some  Russians. 

Daoorian  (or  Daourian)  Mountains,  a  part  of  the 
Stanovoi  chain,  between  the  basin  of  the  Amoor  and  Lake 
Baikal.  They  are  rich  in  silver,  zinc,  copper,  iron,  and 
mercury. 

Daondcanndy,  or  Dandkandi,  d&-ood-kawn'dee, 
a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah,  on  the  Brahmapootra,  30 
miles  W.  of  Comilla. 

Daondnagur,  a  town  of  India.     See  DAOODNUOGTrB. 

Daoulas,  dS,^ooM&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistdre, 
10  miles  E.  of  Brest,  with  a  port  on  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  743. 

Daonria,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Daooria. 

Daphne,  an  ancient  city  of  Syria.     See  Beit-el-Ma. 

Daph'ne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala., 
is  situated  on  a  high  bluff  on  the  E.  shore  of  Mobile  Bay,  7 
miles  by  water  E.  of  the  city  of  Mobile.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  church,  and  a  large  hotel.  It  is  a  bathing-place, 
and  a  winter  resort  for  consumptive  invalids. 

Dapoolee,  or  Dapnii.    See  Dabul. 

Dara,  di'ri,  a  ruined  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Mardeen,  with  extensive  remains  of  granaries, 
tombs,  and  reservoirs. 

Dara,  di'ri,  a  village  of  Africa,  in  the  Bondoo  country, 
12  miles  W.  of  the  Falemg.  Lat.  14°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  16' 
W.  It  is  a  populous  place,  built  on  a  plateau  commanding 
a  view  over  an  undulating  and  well-wooded  country. 

Darab,  d&'r&b,  Darabgherd,  d&-rd,b-gh^rd',  Da- 
rabscherd,  or  Darabjerd,  d8,-r4b-j§rd',  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Fars,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  small  river  in  an  extensive  plain,  and  sur- 
rounded with  groves  of  dates,  oranges,  and  lemons.  About 
3  miles  S.  of  the  town  are  some  remarkable  remnants  of 
antiquity,  consisting  of  excavations  and  sculptured  rocks. 
Pop.  from  15,000  to  20,000. 

Daragunge,  or  Daraganj,  di^ri-giinj',  a  town  of 
India,  on  the  Ganges,  opposite  Allahabad.     Pop.  9103. 

Dartyee',  a  town  of  Sinde,  in  the  delta  of  the  Indus, 
39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tatta.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Dar-al-Beida,  d^r-il-bi'dJ.  (the  "white  house"),  also 
written Dar-el-Beda  (-Beidahor  -Baida),Dara- 
el-Beida,  and  Casa  Blanca,  kk'sk  hlknk'k,  a  seaport 
town  of  Morocco,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Azamor.  It  exports  hides, 
wool,  and  grain.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Daranagur,  di-ri-nug'gSr,  a  town  of  British  India, 
North- West  Provinces,  on  the  Ganges,  67  miles  N.E.  of 
Delhi. 

Darang,  a  district  of  India.    See  Durrung. 

Daraporam,  dar^ri-po-rim',  a  populous  town  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  42  miles 
S.E.  of  Coimbatoor. 

Darbhanga,  a  town  of  India.     See  Durbungah. 

D'Arbonne  Bayou,  dar^bonn'  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  is 
formed  by  the  Middle  Fork,  South  Fork,  and  Corneille 
Creek,  which  unite  in  Union  parish.  It  runs  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Ouachita  River  about  6  miles  above 
Monroe.  The  Middle  and  South  Forks  rise  in  Claiborne 
parish.  Corneille  or  Corney  Creek  rises  in  the  state  of 
Arkansas  and  runs  southeastward.  Small  steamboats  can 
ascend  the  bayou  nearly  50  miles. 

Dar'boy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  about  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Park. 

Dar'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  9  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Wilkesborough. 

Darby,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  988.  It 
Includes  the  village  of  Pleasant  Valley. 

Darby,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.  Pop.  1548.  It 
includes  the  village  of  Palestine. 

Darby,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.,  is  contiguous  to 
Darby,  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  1142. 

Darby,  a  post-borough  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  Darby 
Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2972. 

Darby  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Union,  Madison, 
and  Franklin  cos.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Scioto 
River  in  Pickaway  co.,  about  1  mile  above  Circleville.  II 
is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Darby  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southeastward,  in 
Delaware  co.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  of  Philadelphia, 
and  enters  the  Delaware  River  about  3  miles  above  Chester. 

Darbyville,  a  post-village  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on 
Darby  Creek,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Circleville,  and  about  21 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Columbus.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  238 


DAR 


1004 


DAR 


Darda,  or  Darda-Nagy,  daR'd5h^-n3dj',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya,  in  a  plain,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Eszek.     Pop.  2358. 

Dardanelles  darMa-nJll',  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Yell  CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Russell ville,  and  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  7 
churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery,  flour- 
mills,  planing-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1456. 

Dardanelles,  darMa-nelz',  or  Hellespont  (anc. 
Helleapon'tm),  called  also'  the  Strait  of  Gallip'oli,  a 
narrow  strait  between  Europe  and  Asiatic  Turkey,  con- 
necting the  Sea  of  Marmora  and  the  iBgean  Sea,  is  situ- 
ated between  lat.  40°  and  40°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  26°  10'  and 
26°  40'  E.,  having  S.E.  Asia  Minor,  and  N.W.  the  penin- 
sula of  Gallipoli.  Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  40  miles ; 
breadth,  from  1  to  4  miles.  The  Asiatic  side  presents  most 
beautiful  scenery,  and  rises  gradually  from  the  sea  up- 
wards to  the  range  of  Mount  Ida.  The  European  side  is, 
in  general,  steep  and  rugged.  Various  inlets  form  secure 
harbors  for  vessels  of  every  size,  and  on  both  shores  there 
are  numerous  forts  and  batteries.  The  modern  name  of  this 
strait  is  derived  from  the  castles  called  the  Dardanelles,  on 
its  banks  at  the  S.W.  entrance;  its  ancient  name,  Helles- 
pont {i.e.,  "  Sea  of  Helle"),  from  Helle,  daughter  of  Atha- 
mas,  King  of  Thebes,  who  was  drowned  in  it.  It  is  also 
memorable  as  the  scene  of  the  death  of  Leander,  who  used 
to  swim  across  at  Abydos,  the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait, 
a  feat  also  achieved  by  Lord  Byron.  The  invading  armies 
of  Xerxes  and  of  the  Turks  crossed  it  to  enter  Europe. 

Dar'deU)  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-  and  planing-mill,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

DardennS)  dar-den',  a  post-township  of  St.  Charles  oc, 
Mo.,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  4214. 

Dardenne  Creek,  Missouri,  intersects  St.  Charles  co., 
runs  nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River 
about  6  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Charles. 

Dardesheini,  daR'dfs-hime\  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, circle  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  1363. 

Dardistan,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Gilghit. 

Dare,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina 
(area,  240  square  miles),  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Albemarle 
Sound,  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by 
Alligator  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is 
sandy.  Capital,  Manteo,  situated  on  Roanoke  Island,  which 
forms  part  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  2778;  in  1880, 
3243  ;  in  1890,  3768. 

Dar-el-Beida.    See  Dar-al-Beida. 

Darent,  di'rent,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  rises 
6  miles  W.  of  Sevenoaks,  and  falls  into  the  Thames. 

Dar-e8>Salaam,  dar-ds-8d,-l&m',  a  seaport  of  Africa, 
25  miles  S.  of  Zanzibar,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Daretown,  dair'tSwn,  a  post- village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J., 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches,  2  canning- 
factories,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  zrist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Dar  Fertit,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Pertit. 

Dar'field,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Leeds.     Pop.  1673. 

Darfo,  daR'fo,  a  village  of  Italy,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ber- 
gamo, on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2072. 

Darfoor,  Darfonr,  Darfur,  dar'fooR',  or  Dar- el • 
Foor  (t.c,  "  Country  of  the  Poor"  or  Foorians),  a  country 
of  Africa,  in  East  Soodan,  annexed  to  the  Egyptian  do- 
mains in  1875.  It  is  a  great  oasis  of  the  Sahara,  between 
lat.  10°  and  16°  N.  and  Ion.  26°  and  29°  B.  Area,  450,000 
square  miles.  It  lies  W.  of  Kordofan,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  a  strip  of  country  inhabited  by  wandering  Arab 
tribes  rich  in  cattle  and  horses.  Darfoor  is  said  to  be  50 
days'  journey  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  about  15  days' 
journey  from  E.  to  W. ;  and  it  is  traversed  longitudinally 
by  a  ridge  of  mountains  named  Marrah.  The  heat  in  Dar- 
foor is  excessive,  and  there  are,  properly  speaking,  only 
three  seasons  in  the  year, — spring,  summer,  and  autumn. 
Autumn  is  the  season  of  the  rains,  which  continue  75  days. 
During  summer  the  mirage  prevails  on  the  plains. 

The  crops  chiefly  cultivated  are  millet,  rice,  maize,  sesa- 
mum  (for  its  seed,  not  for  its  oil),  and  legumes.  Among  the 
fruit  trees  are  the  tamarind  and  date.  Tobacco  abounds, 
and  is  much  used  by  the  natives. 

The  inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  Arabs  and  negroes, 
though  many  individuals  of  both  races  still  retain  their 
peculiar  physical  characteristics.  Education  is  little  at- 
tended to,  and  is  confined  to  learning  to  read  the  Koran, 
and  that  by  the  male  children  only.  The  religion  is  Mo- 
hammedanism. As  a  result  of  its  position,  the  commerce 
of  Darfoor  is  all  inland ;  but  this  is  very  considerable.  Its 
principal  intercourse  is  with  Egypt,  carried  on  by  caravans 


which  traverse  the  desert,  carrying  away  slaves,  camels, 
ivory,  horns  of  the  rhinoceros,  teeth  of  the  hippopotamus, 
copper,  drugs,  ostrich  feathers,  gum,  tamarinds,  and  leather 
sacks  for  water.  There  is  also  considerable  trade  with  Mecca, 
The  commerce  is  conducted  wholly  by  barter.  Cattle  con- 
stitute the  chief  wealth  of  the  country.    Capital,  El  Fasher. 

The  country  was  for  400  years  ruled  by  a  line  of  absolute 
sovereigns,  the  last  of  whom  was  defeated  and  slain  by  the 
Egyptian  army  of  conquest  in  1874.  The  population  is 
estimated  at  4,000,000,  mostly  speaking  a  dialect  of  the 
Arabic. Adj.  and  inhab.  Foorian  or  Fcrian,  foo're-an. 

Dargnn,  daR'goon,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  GUstrow.     Pop.  2108. 

Dariabad,  di-re-i-bid',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Ban» 
Banki  district  in  Oude.     Pop.  5999. 

Dariel,  di-re-51'  (anc.  Py'la  Cas'pimt  the  "Caspian 
Gates"),  a  Russian  fortress,  in  a  narrow  defile  of  the  Cau- 
casus, on  the  Terek,  80  miles  N.  of  Tiflis. 

Darien,  di're-^n  (Sp.  pron.  di-re-fin'),a  former  prov- 
ince in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Darien,  di're-§n,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  in  Darien  township,  and  on  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  39  miles  N.E.  of 
New  York,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  town  hall,  a  library,  and  the  Darien  Seminary 
for  Girls,  and  is  an  attractive  place  of  summer  residence. 

Darien,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Altamaha  River,  11  miles  from  the 
ocean,  and  about  62  miles  S.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  1543 ;  in  1890,  1491. 

Darien,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Darien,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Darien 
township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Bufi'alo.  It 
has  a  church  and  about  50  houses.    Pop.  of  township,  1964. 

Darien,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in  Darien 
township,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Beloit.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in 
1890,  354;  of  the  township,  1218. 

Darien  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Darien  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  i  mile 
from  Darien  Station,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Batavia. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Darien  City,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Darien 
township,  1  mile  from  Griswold  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Darien,  Gulf  of.     See  Gulp  op  Darien. 

Darien,  Isthmus  of.    See  Isthmus  of  Panama. 

Darien  (or  Doboy)  Light,  fn  the  S.  point  of  Sapelo 
Island,  E.  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.,  is  74  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  revolves  once  in  five  minutes.  Lat.  31°  33' 
N.;  Ion.  81°  15'  W. 

Dariorignm,  an  ancient  name  of  Vannes. 

Darjeeling,  Daijiling,dar-jeering,  or  Dorjiling, 
dfir-jeel'ing,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Daijeeling  district. 
Lat.  27°  2'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  18'  36"  E.  It  is  in  the  Lower 
Himalaya,  and,  from  its  cool  climate,  is  a  favorite  summer 
resort.  It  is  connected  by  railway  with  Calcutta.  Perma- 
nent pop.  in  1872,  3157;  of  the  whole  municipality,  22,707. 

Daijeeling,  a  district  of  Bengal,  bounded  W.  by 
Nepaul,  and  N.  by  Sikkim.  Lat.  26°  30'  50"-27°  13'  5" 
N.;  Ion.  88°  2'  45"-88°  56'  35"  E.  Area,  1234  square 
miles.  Its  N.  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Lower  Himalayas, 
but  the  S,  is  a  hot  and  sickly  plain.  Grain,  cotton,  indiar 
rubber,  and  tea  are  leading  products.  Capital,  Darjeeling. 
Pop.  94,712. 

Darke,  dark,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  bordei 
ing  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  East  Branch  of  the  Whitewater  River, 
and  by  Greenville  and  Stillwater  Creeks,  which  rise  in  it. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of 
the  white  ash,  beech,  buckeye,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  about  one-third  of  iti 
area.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Niagara  limestone 
(Upper  Silurian)  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  * 
Mackinaw  Railroad,  the  Dayton  <k  Union  Railroad,  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
the  Dayton,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital, 
Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,278;  in  1880,  40,496;  in 
1890,  42,961. 

Darke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  a  church. 

Darkehmen,  daR-k&'m^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  15  milef 
S.S.W.  of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Angerap.     Pop.  2260. 


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DarkesTille,  darks'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co., 
W.  Va.,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Martinsburg.    It  has  2  churches. 

Dark'ey  Springs,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  W.  of  Sparta. 

Darkhan,  daR^Kin',  a  lofty  granite  mountain-range  in 
Mongolia,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Oorga,  near  the  route  thence 
to  Peking.  On  it  is  a  monument  to  which  the  Mongols 
repair  annually  to  celebrate  the  memory  of  Jenghis  Khan. 

Darking,  a  town  of  England.     See  Dorking. 

Dark's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  and  a 

tion  on  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad,  about  8  miles 

£.  of  Columbia. 

Darks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo..  Mo. 

Dar'Iaston,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  IJ 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Wednesbury.  The  principal  man- 
ufacture is  that  of  iron,  which  is  made  here  of  all  descrip- 
tions and  of  excellent  quality.  Articles  of  iron  are  also 
manufactured  to  a  great  extent.  Coal-  and  iron-mines  are 
extensively  worked.     Pop.  14,416. 

Dar'ley,  a  town  of  England,  in  Derbyshire,  3  miles  by 

«  N.W.  of  Matlock.     Pop.  1557. 
ar'ling,  Cal'ewat'ta,  or  CaPlawat'ta,  a  navi- 

ible  river  of  Australia,  one  of  the  longest  tributaries  of  the 
Murray.  Total  length,  1160  miles.  It  rises  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  New  South  Wales,  and  flows  inland  in  a  generally 
S.W.  course,  dividing  Queensland  from  New  South  Wales 
for  many  miles.  In  its  upper  course  it  is  called  Barwan 
iyer.  Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Macquarie,  Namoi  or  Peel, 
an,  Gwydir,  Castlereagh,  Macintyre,  and  Warrego. 

Dar'ling,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  11  miles 
y  rail  S.E.  of  West  Chester,  and  5  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
Media.     It  has  several  creameries.     The  name  of  its  sta- 
in is  Darlington. 

Darling,  a  hamlet  of  Maverick  co.,  Tex.,  22  miles  by 

1  N.  by  E.  of  Eagle  Pass. 

Dar'ling  Downs,  a  grassy  hill-chain  of  Australia, 
N.E.  of  the  source  of  Darling  River.   Lat.  28°  S. ;  Ion.  152" 

I  Elevation,  2000  feet. 
Dar'ling  Range,  a  series  of  granite  mountains  of 
estern  Australia,  parallel  with  the  coast,  and  abounding 
{th  sandal-wood  and  large  timber.  Length,  250  miles. 
Dar'ling's  Lake,  or  Short  Beach,  a  post-village 
m  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  small  lake,  10  miles 
from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  100. 

Dar'lington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18i  miles  S. 
of  Durham,  at  a  railway  junction,  45  miles  N.  of  York.  It 
has  a  bridge  across  the  Skerne  (an  affluent  of  the  Tees),  a 
fine  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  a  new  church,  a  gram- 
mar-school founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  a  blue-coat  school, 
a  union  workhouse,  formerly  an  episcopal  palace,  a  town  hall, 
mechanics'  institution,  manufactures  of  worsted  and  linen 
yarn,  and  metal-foundries.  Here  are  extensive  iron-works 
and  machine-shops.  Darlington  has  a  large  number  of 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.     Pop.  (1891)  38,060. 

Dar'lington,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  673  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
Lynch's  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Black  Creek.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  low  hills  or  undulations,  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet 
potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products,  the  annual  yield 
of  cotton  being  at  times  about  35,000  bales, — more  than 
that  of  any  other  county  in  the  state.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cheraw  <fc  Darlington  Railroad,  and  the  Charleston, 
Sumter  &  Northern  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through 
Darlington  Court-House,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  is 
also  traversed  by  the  Hartsville  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 
26,243;  in  1880,  34,485;  in  1890,  29,134. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  62 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Jasper,  and  24  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Sheffield. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
on  Sugar  Creek,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
flour-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  shingle-factory.     Pop.  461. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  St,  Helena  parish,  La., 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  on  Deer  Creek,  2  miles 
S.W.  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  contains  5  churches 
and  the  Darlington  Academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  239. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Mansfield.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Darlington  township, 
Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  Little  Beaver  River,  and  on  a  branch 


railroad  extending  from  New  Galilee  to  Cannelton,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  New  Brighton,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  several  churches  and  2  carriage-shops.  Here  cannel 
coal  is  obtained  largely.    Pop.  280 ;  of  the  township,  1811. 

Darlington,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Darlington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Pecatonica  River,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Madison,  and  32  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a 
oourt-house,  2  banks,  4  churches,  and  a  graded  school.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  about  300 ; 
of  the  township,  1137. 

Dar'lington,  a  post-village  in  Queens  oo..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  12  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Darlington  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Flor- 
ence, and  38  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Sumter  Court- 
Huuse.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy,  3  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods,  phosphate,  bricks,  &o.     Pop.  2389. 

Darlington  Heights,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  Edward 
CO.,  Va.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Farmville. 

Darmstadt,  danm'st&tt,  a  town  of  Western  Germany, 
capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse  and  of  the  province 
of  Starkenburg,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Odenwald, 
on  the  little  river  Darm,  15  miles  S.  of  Frankfort,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a 
new  town,  both  enclosed  by  walls.  The  former  is  ill  built; 
the  latter  has  broad  and  handsome  streets.  It  has  old  and 
new  ducal  palaces,  the  former  of  which  contains  a  picture- 
gallery,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  with  valuable  fossils, 
and  of  ancient  and  modern  sculpture,  a  hall  of  antiquities, 
collections  of  cork  models,  an  armory,  and  a  grand-ducal 
library  of  500,000  volumes  and  another  of  60,000.  Other 
edifices  are  the  palaces  of  the  princes,  the  opera-house, 
in  the  Italian  style,  artillery  depot,  several  churches  (one 
of  which  contains  the  tombs  of  the  landgraves),  the  Casino, 
hall  of  the  commons,  military  hospital,  royal  stables,  orphan 
asylum,  ducal  chapel,  synagogue,  Ac.  It  has  an  agricul- 
tural normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  and  schools  of  arts  and 
sciences,  artillery,  sculpture,  and  drawing.  The  presence 
and  expenditure  of  the  court  form  the  chief  source  of  sub- 
sistence to  the  inhabitants.  Manufactures  of  tobacco,  wax 
candles,  carpets,  silver  articles,  paper,  cards,  starch,  &o.,  are 
carried  on.     Pop.  (including  Bessungen)  in  1890,  56,503. 

Darm'stadt,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  HI.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville. 

Darnac,  daR^n&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Yienne, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1395. 

Dar'neli's  Gin,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish,  La. 

Darnestown,  damz'tCwn,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Md.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Darnetal,  daR^n^h-t&l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Rouen.  It  has  cotton- 
spinning  or  calico-printing  works,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths,  blankets,  and  flannels.     Pop.  5636. 

Darney,  daR^nd.',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Mirecourt.     Pop.  1768. 

Dar'nick,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  1  mile 
W.  by  N.  of  Melrose.  It  contains  a  tower  built  during  the 
fifteenth  century. 

Darnis,  an  ancient  name  of  Derne. 

Darnley  (darn'lee)  Island,  in  Torres  Strait,  Aus- 
tralasia, is  about  100  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  York. 

Daroca,  d&-ro'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Jiloca, 
province  and  48  miles  S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2857. 

Darrang,  a  district  of  India.    See  Durrdmg. 

Darr'town,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Milford 
township,  7  or  8  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton,  and  3  miles  from 
Collinsville  Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  258. 

Dart,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in  Dart- 
moor, flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  English  Channel  by  an  estuary 
which  forms  the  harbor  of  Dartmouth.     Length,  35  miles. 

Dart,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co..  111. 

Dart'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
Darent,  15  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  London.  The  town, 
situated  in  a  narrow  valley,  has  a  large  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  church  charity-school,  an  almshouse  founded  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  a  bridewell,  a  union  workhouse,  a 
market-house,  a  branch  bank,  large  gunpowder-,  paper-,  oil-, 
and  flour-mills,  jewelry-works,  an  extensive  steam-engine 
factory,  and  considerable  trade  with  London.  Pop.  of 
parish,  8298. 

Dart'ford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Green  Lake  co., 
Wis.,  in  Brooklyn  township,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Green  Lake 


DAR 


1006 


DAU 


1  mile  from  Green  Lake  Station,  9  miles  S.  of  Berlin,  and 
26  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  hotels.  Green  Lake  is  a  summer  resort, 
is  about  15  miles  long,  very  deep,  and  is  surrounded  by 
attractive  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  204. 

Dartford)  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 18  miles  N.  of  Colborne.     Pop.  100. 

Dart'moor,  a  table-land  of  England,  occupying  a  large 
part  of  the  S.  half  of  the  county  of  Devon,  being  about  22 
miles  in  length  by  from  9  to  12  miles  in  breadth.  It  com- 
prises many  granite  heights,  termed  tors,  and  has  numerous 
mines.  The  surface  is  mostly  heath  or  woodland.  The 
famous  Dartmoor  Prison  stands  near  Prince  Town,  where 
are  immense  granite-works  connected  by  tramway  with  the 
various  public  works  and  port  of  Plymouth.  The  moor  is 
cold  and  sterile. 

Dart'moor,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  N.  of  Woodville.     Pop.  100. 

Dartmouth,  dart'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Dart,  opposite 
Kingswear,  and  32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Exeter.  The 
town  is  picturesquely  built  on  a  steep  acclivity,  forming  a 
succession  of  terraces,  and  its  dockyard  and  quay  project 
into  the  river,  which  here  resembles  a  lake,  with  finely- 
wooded  banks,  and  is  crossed  by  a  floating  bridge.  The 
Dart  is  defended  at  its  entrance  by  a  castle  and  strong 
batteries,  and  is  navigable  to  the  town.  The  principal  ex- 
ports are  barley,  woollen  goods,  and  cider.  The  imports 
are  wine,  oil,  fruits,  salt  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  flsh, 
many  of  the  inhabitants  being  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  A 
steam  ferry  plies  to  Kingswear.     Pop.  6338. 

Dart'month,  ArHemont',  or  Onglahy,  ong^gli'- 
hee\  a  river  of  Madagascar,  rises  in  the  mountains  in  the 
central  S.  part  of  the  island,  flows  nearly  due  W.,  and  falls 
into  the  Bay  of  St.  Augustine  under  the  Tropic  of  Capricorn. 
Length,  about  150  miles. 

Dart'mouth,  a  post-township  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
about  2  miles  W.  of  New  Bedford,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  Buzzard's  Bay.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and  con- 
tains a  village  named  South  Dartmouth.  Dartmouth  Post- 
OflBce  is  about  60  miles  S.  of  Boston.  The  township  is 
traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Fall  River  to  New  Bedford. 
It  has  12  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  3430 ;  in  1890,  3122. 

Dartmouth,  a  port  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  in  Prince 
CO.,  on  Richmond  Bay,  in  lat.  46°  33'  N.,  Ion.  63°  54'  W. 

Dartmouth,  a  town  of  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the 
entrance  of  a  small  river  into  Halifax  harbor,  opposite  Hal- 
ifax. It  contains  several  foundries,  3  tanneries,  the  pro- 
vincial lunatic  asylum,  and  many  fine  private  residences. 
A  ferry  plies  between  Dartmouth  and  Halifax.    Pop.  4358. 

Dartmouth  College.     See  Hanover,  N.H. 

Dartmouth  College  Grant,  a  tract  of  land  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Maine  line.     Pop.  11. 

Dar'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
4  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  2582. 

Daruvar,  di^roo-vaR',  a  town  of  Austro-Hungary,  in 
Slavonia,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Posega.  It  has  sulphur  baths 
and  marble-quarries.     Pop.  3500. 

Dar'vel,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Ayr,  on  the  Irvine  Water.     Pop.  1729. 

Darvernum,  an  ancient  name  of  CAKTEBBrRT. 

Dar'vill's,  a  post-oflBce  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Dar'wa,  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar.     Pop.  3054. 

Darwar,  or  Dharwar,  dar'war,  a  district  of  India, 
Bombay  presidency.  Lat.  14°  6'-15°  53'  N.;  Ion.  74°  60'- 
75°  58'  E.  Area,  4536  square  miles.  Cotton  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Darwar.     Pop.  988,037. 

Darwar,  or  Dharwar,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above.     Lat.  15°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  4'  E.     Pop.  35,000. 

Darwen.     See  Lower  Darwen  and  Over  Darwbn. 

Darwent,  a  river  of  England.    See  Derwent. 

Dar'Avin,  a  post-ofl5ce  and  mining  town  of  Inyo  co., 
Cal.,  95  miles  from  Mojave  Railroad  Station.  Altitude,  4950 
feet.     It  has  furnaces  for  silver-ore,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Darwin,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in  Darwin 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  18  or  20  miles  below  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.,  and  4  miles  from  Darwin  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Paris.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about 
300;  of  the  township,  1103. 

Darwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Darwin,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  32  miles  from  Indianapolis. 

Darwin,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dar- 
win township,  near  the  Lakes  Stella  and  Washington,  70 


miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul,  and  6  miles  S.  by  E. 
Litchfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100.  _ 

Dar'win  Sound,  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  King  Charles's  South  Land.  Darwin  Mountain,  near 
the  coast,  is  estimated  to  be  6800  feet  in  height. 

Da'rysaw%  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ark. 

Daschitz,  di'shits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chrudim,  on  the  Laucna.     Pjp.  1884. 

Dash,  a  post-borough  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  about 
19  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Muskegon.     It  has  a  church. 

Dashkova,  or  Daschkowa,  dSish-ko'v&,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  12  miles  S.  of  Moheelev,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.  Here  the  French  were  defeated 
by  the  Russians  on  the  10th  of  July,  1812. 

Dash'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus 
township,  on  Wallkill  River,  4  miles  E.  of  Rosendale.  It 
has  a  church. 

Dash'wood,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 

Das  Mortes,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Rio  das  Mortes. 

Dassau,  d&s'sdw  (written  also  Dassow),  a  market- 
town  of  Northern  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  20 
miles  W.  of  Wismar,  on  the  Stepenitz.     Pop.  1045. 

Dassel,  d&s's^I,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  23 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  1811. 

Das'sel,  a  post- village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dassel 
township,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul,  and  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  2  miles  E.  of  Washington 
Lake,  and  is  surrounded  by  forests  called  the  Big  Woods. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  woollen-mill,  a  roller-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  porcelain  stoves.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 

Das'sen  Island,  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  is  in 
the  Atlantic,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Town. 

Dassook,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Dessook. 

Dassow,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Dassau. 

Datch'et,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  on  the 
Thames,  opposite  Windsor.  Pop.  990.  Here  are  many 
elegant  mansions,  including  Ditton  Park,  remarkable  for 
its  fine  oaks.  Datchet  Mead  is  famous  for  FalstafiF's  adven- 
ture in  the  "  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor." 

Date  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  E.  coast  of  An&m 
in  lat.  13°  30'  N.,  Ion.  108°  ly  E. 

Datiya,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ditteah. 

Datnovo,  dit'no'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Datschitz,  di'chits  (Moravian,  Baczicze,  di-ohee'chi), 
a  town  of  Moravia,  26  miles  S.  of  Iglau,  on  the  Thaya.  It 
has  a  castle.     Pop.  2332. 

Dattoli,  d4t-to'lee,  a  cluster  of  rocky  islets  around  the 
island  of  Panaria,  Lipari  group,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Dauba,  dSw'bi,  or  Dnba,  doo'b&,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
circle  and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1758. 

Dauchite  Bayou.    See  Dorcheat  Bayou. 

Daudkandi,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Daoudcaundt. 

Daudleb,  dSwd'lfib,  or  Daudleby,  d5wd'lfib-ee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  near  Kbniggratz.     Pop.  1300. 

Ddudnagar,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  DAOODXuoeuB. 

Daufuskie  Island.    See  Dawfuskie  Island. 

Daugherty,  daw'§r-te,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.  141. 

Daugherty,  a  station  on  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  in 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  6  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Daugi,  dSw'ghee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  in  Vilna, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Troki.     Pop.  1200. 

DaulatganJ,  daw-lat-ganj',  a  town  of  India,  Sarun 
district.     Pop,  3173. 

Daule,  dSw'li,  a  large  navigable  river  of  Ecuador,  riaes 
near  San  Miguel,  in  lat.  35°  S.,  Ion.  80°  38'  E.,  from  which 
point  it  flows  S.  to  Guayaquil,  where  it  joins  the  Guayas. 

Daule,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Guayaquil,  on  the  river  Daule. 

Daulia,  a  village  of  Greece.    See  Davlia. 

Daumeray,  do^m§h-ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  1735. 

Daun,  d5wn,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  763. 

Daung,  dawng,  a  country  of  India,  near  its  W.  coast. 
Lat.  20°  22'-21°  6  N. ;  Ion.  73°  28'-73°  52'  E.  Area,  950 
square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  chiefs  feudatory  to  the 
Rajah  of  Daung,  and  has  teak  forests.     Pop.  70,300. 

Dauphin,  daw'fin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Swatara  River  and  Wiconisco,  Clark's, 
and  Paxton  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  the  Kitta- 
tinny  or  Blue  Mountain  and  other  parallel  ridges,  the  direc- 
tion of  which  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W.    The  valley  which  lie* 


i 


DAU 


1007 


DAY 


9,E.  of  the  Blue  Mountain  is  based  on  limestone,  and  is 
▼ery  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  plenty  of 
timber,  including  the  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  white 
oak,  and  wild  cherry.  It  has  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  the 
annual  jiroduct  of  which  is  about  400,000  tons.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  4  railroads, — the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  and  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  all  of  which 
communicate  with  Harrisburg,  the  capital  of  this  county 
and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  60,740  j  in  1880,  76,148; 
in  1890,  96,977. 

Dauphin,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Stony  Creek,  and  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  car-factory,  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  739. 

Dauphin^,  do^fee'ni',  called  also,  in  English,  Dau'- 
phiny,  an  extensive  old  province  in  the  S.  E.  of  France, 
now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Drdme,  Hautes-Alpes, 
and  IsSre.  After  having  been  governed  for  several  centu- 
ries by  palatine  counts,  who  were  called  dauphins,  it  was 
ceded  to  Philip  of  Valois  in  1349 ;  and  from  that  time  to 
the  revolution  of  1830  the  eldest  son  of  the  King  of  Franco 
had  the  title  of  Dauphin. 

Dauphine,  do-feen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Bonnot's  Mills,  13  miles  E.  of  JeflFerson  City.     Pop.  65. 

Dauphin  (daw'fin)  Island,  a  long,  narrow,  sandy 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  W.  of  the  entrance  to  Mobile 
Bay.     It  belongs  to  Mobile  co.,  Ala. 

Dau'ree%  a  village  of  India,  province  of  Malwah,  on 
the  Nerbudda.  Lat.  22°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  23'  E.  Here  the 
navigation  of  the  Nerbudda  is  impeded  by  a  fall. 

Dauria,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Daooria. 

Dauss,  daws,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  in  a  bay 
of  the  Arabian  coast.     Lat.  25°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  3'  E. 

Davanagere,  di-van-a-gheer',  a  town  of  India,  in  My- 
wre.     Pop.  6596. 

Dav'enport,  a  post-ofBoe  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Davenport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Kissimmee. 

Davenport,  a  flourishing  city  of  Iowa,  and  the  capital 
of  Scott  CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  at  the  foot  of  the  upper  rapids,  about  336 
miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  70  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Dubuque, 
and  183  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, and  is  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad. 
Other  railroads  terminating  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  con- 
nect it  at  the  city  of  Book  Island  with  the  Eastern  cities. 
It  is  built  partly  on  the  slope  and  top  of  a  bluflf,  which  is 
moderately  steep,  and  commands  extensive  and  beautiful 
views  of  the  river  and  Rock  Island.  This  island,  which 
belongs  to  the  United  States  and  is  the  site  of  a  United 
States  arsenal  and  military  headquarters,  is  about  3  miles 
long,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery,  and  embel- 
lished with  several  costly  structures  built  by  the  Federal 
government.  A  grand  wrought-iron  bridge,  for  railroad 
trains  and  other  carriages,  has  recently  been  constructed 
from  Davenport  to  this  island,  which  forms  a  beautiful 
public  park.     This  bridge  is  said  to  have  cost  $1,000,000. 

Davenport  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  a  handsome 
opera-house,  about  28  churches,  3  or  4  national  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  normal  school,  a  convent,  the  Academy  of 
the  Immaculate  Conception,  the  Catholic  Seminary  of  St. 
Charles  Borromeo,  the  Davenport  Library,  Griswold  Col- 
lege (Protestant  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1859,  and 
a  well-endowed  Catholic  hospital,  besides  extensive  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  carriages,  woollen  goods, 
furniture,  lumber,  flour,  Ac.  Four  weekly  and  6  daily  news- 
papers (one  of  which  is  German)  are  published  here.  Large 
quantities  of  grain  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 26,872 ; 
of  Davenport  township,  2303  additional. 

Davenport,  a  post- oflSce  and  station  of  Thayer  oo., 
Neb.,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  513. 

Davenport,  a  post-village  of  Davenport  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Charlotte  River,  13  miles  N.  of 
Delhi.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  350. 

Davenport,  an  incorporatedpost-town  of  Lincoln  co., 
Washington,  67  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a 
church,  a  bank,  a  brewery,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  396. 

Davenport,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  120. 

Davenport  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co., 


N.Y.,  in  Davenport  township,  on  Charlotte  River,  aboat  18 
miles  N.  of  Delni.     It  has  a  church. 

Davenport  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Cold  Spring.     It  has  a  church. 

Daventria,  the  Latin  for  Deventer. 

Dav'entry,  commonly  pronounced  d&n'tree,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  free  grammar-school,  the  remains  of  a 
priory  founded  in  1090,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  shoes 
and  whips.  Here  is  Brough  (or  Dane)  Hill,  a  large  and 
lofty  Roman  encampment.     Pop.  4051. 

Da'vey,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

David,  di-veed',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
il5  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Panama,  on  the  river  David.  Lat. 
8°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  27'  W.     Pop.  4825. 

Da'vid  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Butler  oo..  Neb., 
43  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  washing-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  2028. 

Da'vid  Clark  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  17°  19'  S.;  Ion.  138°  30'  W.  It  is 
about  20  miles  in  circumference. 

Da'vidsburg,  a  village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Antia 
township,  1  mile  from  Bellwood.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  steam  tannery,  and  a  chair-factory. 

Davidsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

David's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  in  the 
township  of  New  Rochelle,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.  In  1867 
it  was  purchased  by  the  United  States  for  $38,600,  and  is 
now  a  military  reservation. 

Da'vidson,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Abbott's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  a  mine  of  zinc,  the  product  of  which  some- 
times has  a  value  of  $436,000  per  annum.  Gold  and  silver 
are  found  here  in  quartz  rock.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Lex- 
ington, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,414 ; 
in  1880,  20,333;  in  1890,  21,702. 

Davidson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  508  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cum- 
berland River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  hickory,  oak,  beech,  Ac. ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  un- 
derlies this  county.  Specimens  of  alabaster,  blende,  bary  tes, 
celestine,  and  galena  are  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Louisville  A  Nashville  and  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A 
St.  Louis  Railroads,  which  meet  at  Nashville,  the  capital 
of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  62,897 ;  in 
1880,  79,026 ;  in  1890,  108,174. 

Davidson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  oo.,  Ey.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Davidson,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N.C.,  is 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  A  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  N. 
of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Davidson  College 
(Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in  1837. 

Davidson,  a  station  in  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the  South- 
western Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Connellsville. 

Davidson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  oo.,  S.C.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Hampton  Court-House,  the  capital  vf  the  county. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Davidson's,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     P.  1540. 

Davidson's  Creek,  of  Texas,  runs  southeastward 
through  Burleson  co.,  and  enters  the  Yegua  Creek. 

Davidson's  River,  post-office,  Transylvania  oo.,  N.C. 

Da'vidsonville,  a  small  post- village  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Annapolis.   It  has  2  churches. 

Da'vidsville  (Smitten  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  22  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Davidsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Johnstown.    It  has  a  church. 

Davidtown,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Sharon. 

Davie,  di'vee,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  296  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  South  Yadkin.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly ;  tha 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  bv  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Mocksville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9620;  in  1880,  11,096;  in  1890,  11,621 


DAV 


1008 


DAV 


Da'vies,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  42 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Fergus  Falls. 

DaviesSy  di'vis,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  West  Fork  of  the  same  river.  These  streams  unite  at 
the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  county,  which  is  partly  drained 
by  Prairie  Creek,  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This 
county  has  valuable  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  and  Evansville  <fc  Terre 
Haute  Railroads.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,747;  in  1880,  21,552;  in  1890,  26,227. 

DaviesS)  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  410  sqnare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Green  River.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Louisville,  St.  Louis  &  Texas  Railroad,  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  the  Owensborough,  Falls  of 
Rough  &  Qreen  River  Railroad.  Beds  of  coal  are  found 
here.  Capital,  Owensborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,714;  in 
1880,  27,730  ;  in  1890,  33,120. 

Daviess,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
8-n  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  hard  timber.  About  half  of  the  county  is  prairie.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  by 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  by  the  Omaha  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, the  two  first  passing  through  Gallatin,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,410;  in  1880,  19,145;  in  1890,  20,456. 

Davilican,  d&-ve-le-k&n',  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Luzon,  one  of  the  Philippines.     Lat.  16°  40'  N. 

Davil'la,  a  post-village  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  about  48 
miles  N.E.  of  Austin,  and  about  18  miles  (direct)  W.  by 
8.  of  Cameron,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has  3  churches, 
the  Davilla  Institute,  and  several  stores  and  general  busi- 
ness houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  241. 

Da'vis,  a  southern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  500  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  North  Fabius,  Fox,  and  Des  Moines  Rivers,  the  last 
of  which  touches  its  N.E.  extremity.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  product^.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Kansas  City  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  two  latter  commu- 
nicating with  Bloomfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,565 ; 
in  1880,  16,468;  in  1890,  15,258. 

Davis,  formerly  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Kansas.     See  Geart. 

Davis,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Weber 
River.  The  soil  is  fertile  when  irrigated.  Wheat,  barley, 
Indian  corn,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Rio  Grand  West  and 
Union  Pacific  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through  Farm- 
ington,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  4459 ;  in  1880,  5279 ;  in 
1890,  6751. 

Davis,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Davis,  Yolo  co.,  Cal.     See  Davisville. 

Davis,  a  hamlet  of  La  Fayette  co.,  Fla.,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
New  Troy.     Mail,  New  Troy. 

Davis,  a  station  in  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  & 
Albany  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Davis,  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  in  Rock 
Run  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Freeport,  and  about  20  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
flour-mill,  and  several  stores  and  general  business  houses. 
Pop.  in  1880,  639;  in  1890,  455. 

Davis,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  river  Wabash.     Pop.  667. 

Davis,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.W. 
by  the  Kankakee  River  and  English  Lake.  Pop.  in  1890, 
430.  It  contains  Hamlet.  Davis  Station  is  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth,  and  the  same 
distance  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Valparaiso. 

Davis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles  (direct) 
N.  by  E.  of  Georgetown. 


Davis,  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad^ 
18  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  La. 

Davis,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  14  miles 
(direct)  W.N.W.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, and  mines  of  sulphur  ore.     Pop.  about  300. 

Davis,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Romeo.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  cider,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Davis,  a  station  on  the  Dover  &  Winnipiseogee  Rail- 
road, 22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dover,  N.H. 

Davis,  a  station  on  the  Pemberton  &  Hightstown  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pemberton,  N.J. 

Davis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles  N.. 
of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Da'visborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,. 
Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  70  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Macon.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Davis  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  South  Edisto  River,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Aiken.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Da'visburg,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  an  elevator,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Davis  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Burrell  township,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Leon.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  district  school,  and 
a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  594. 

Davis  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa. 

Davis*  (or  Davis's)  Creek,  Missouri,  flows  into  Cur- 
rent River  from  the  right  at  Van  Buren,  in  Ripley  co. 

Davis'  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Fayette  Court-House. 

Davis'  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal. 

Davis'  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Davis'  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Da'vis  Inlet,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador,  8C 
miles  S.E.  of  Nain.  Lat.  55°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  20'  W.  It 
extends  57  miles  inland,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  6  miles. 

Da'vis  Island,  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  is  10  miles 
in  circumference.     Lat.  9°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  50'  E. 

Davis  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  III.,  in 
Scott  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad  (Rockford 
Branch)  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
79  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  butter- 
factory. 

Davis'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  La.,  Ifr 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Leesville. 

Davis'  Mills,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Warren. 

Davis'  Mills,  a  post»hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  10^ 
miles  S.  of  Liberty.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  stores. 

Da'vison,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  or  James  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
apolis &  Omaha  Railroads.  Mitchell  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1256;  in  1890,  5449. 

Davison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,. 
in  Davison  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  E.  of  Flint.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  a  flouring-mill,  and  artesian 
wells.     Pop.  in  1890,  456. 

Davisonville,  a  local  name  of  Atlas,  Mich. 

Davis  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  oo.,  Wyoming, 

Davis's  Cove,  an  inlet  near  the  W.  extremity  of 
Jamaica,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Lucea. 

Davis's  Creek,  Missouri.    See  Davis'  Creek. 

Davis  Siding,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Davis'  Strait,  North  America,  connects  Baffin's  Bay 
with  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  forms  the  W.  boundary  of 
Greenland.  The  narrowest  part  (that  which  is  crossed  by 
the  Arctic  circle)  is  about  200  miles  wide. 

Da'viston,  a  post-village  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  an  academy  and  several 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  141. 

Daviston,  a  hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  about  42  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Da'vistown,  or  Da'visville,  a  hamlet  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Gloucester  township,  1  mile  from  Blackwood- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Davistown,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in 
Dunkard  township,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Waynesburg.  It  ha» 
2  churches,  several  wells  of  amber  oil,  a  mill,  and  3  stores^ 


DAY 


1009 


DAT 


Davisville)  or  Davis,  a  post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal., 
13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Sacramento.    It  has  3  churches, 

1%  public  school,  a  wind- mill  factory,  and  a  brewery.     The 
post-oflSce  is  Davisville,  the  station  is  Davis.     Pop.  547. 
Davisville,  a  village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lexingtod 
(    township,  on  Black  River,  about  68  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit, 
i    and  5  miles  W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
I    school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.    Pop.  250. 
I       Davisville,  Camden  co.,  N.J.    See  Davistown. 
I        Davisville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jackson 
idtoirnship,  3  miles  from  Hornerstown.     It  has  a  church. 
H^B>avi8ville,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  North- 
HjHMton  township,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 
1    It  has  general  stores  and  other  business  houses. 
I        Davisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  18 
!    miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.     It  has  a  church, 
2  granite  quarries,  and  manufactures  of  Kentucky  jeans, 
fancy  cassimeres,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  about  250. 
Davisville,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  7  miles 

I  by  rail  E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 
■fcDavisville,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3^ 
■fes  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 
^^Davis  Wharf,  a  post-ofSce  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 
^^Pavlia,  or  Danlia,  d&v-lee'&  (anc.  DauUs),  a  village 
^BOreece,  in  Boeotia,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Livadia,  at  the  foot 
^r  Mount  Parnassus. 
Davoli,  di-vo'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
I    6.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  3146. 
I        Davos,  di'vos,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons, 

16  miles  E.  of  Chur  (Coire).     Pop.  1705. 
I        Davreli,  d8,v-rJ.'lee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
I    ment  of  Vilna,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Vilkomeer.     Pop.  1100. 
L^^Daw,  a  Malay  island.     See  Douw. 
■  ^■Daw'don,  or  Seaham  (sse'am)  Harbor,  a  town 
I  ^^^ngland,  co.  of  Durham,  on  the  sea,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
f  -flonderland.     Pop.  7132. 

Dawes,  dawz,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  111.,  on  the  Chester 
&  Tamaroa  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tamaroa. 

Dawes  (or  Dawe's)  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah 
Mountains,  is  in  Utah,  near  lat.  40°  48'  N.     Its  altitude  is 
13,300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     It  is  a  part  of  the 
dividing  ridge  between  the  East  Branch  of  the  Bear  River 
and  Black's  Fork  of  Green  River.     The  summit  is  sharp 
and  conical  and  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
^Dawfus'kie  Island,  in  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  is  one  of 
^fcsea-island  group,  and  lies  S.W. of  Hilton  Head  Island. 
^n)aw'kin's  Mills,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  is  at 
tt  hamlet  named  Middleton. 

Daw'lish,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the 
British  Channel,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Exeter.  The  village 
is  frequented  as  a  watering-place.     Pop.  3622. 

Dawn,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  on  Shoal 
Creek,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Chillicoth?.  It  has  several 
church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour- 
mill,  &,c. 

Dawn,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  S.  from  Sidney.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Dawn'ville,  a  post-office  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga. 
Daw'son,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  192  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Etowah 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Dawsonville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4369;  in  1880,  5837;  in  1890,  5612. 

Dawson,  a  northeastern  county  of  Montana,  borders  on 
North  Dakota.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Milk  and  Yellowstone  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests.  The 
soil  is  uncultivated.  The  northern  part  of  it  is  infested  by 
Blackfeet  Indians.  Area,  26,680  square  miles.  Capital, 
Glendive.  Pop.  in  1870,  177  ;  in  1880,  180 ;  in  1890,  2056. 
Dawson,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  is 
intersected  by  the  Platte  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county,  the  greater 
portion  of  which  is  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870,  103; 
in  1876,  2133;  in  1880,  2909;  in  1890,  10,129. 

Dawson,  a  county  in  Texas,  in  the  N.W.,  on  or  near 
the  Staked  Plain.    Area,  900  square  miles.    Pop.  (1890)  29. 
Daw'son,  a  river  of  Australia,  in  Queensland.     It  is 
one  of  the  main  tributaries  of  the  Fitzroy. 

Daw'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Cuthbert,  and 
about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  male 
institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2284. 
Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the 


Wabash  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  baa  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  23  miles 
oy  rail  W.  of  Madrid,  and  18  miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of 
Adel.  It  has  a  church,  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Tradewater  River,  61  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Paduoah.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Lac-qui-parle  co.,  Minn.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hanley  Falls,  and  8  miles  (direct) 
S.W.  of  Lac-qui-parle.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  418. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  52  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  spoke-factory. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Corsicana.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  365. 

Daw'son  Island,  an  island  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  in 
the  middle  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  intersected  by  the 
parallel  of  54°  S.  and  by  the  meridian  of  70°  30'  W. 

Daw'sonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dawson  co., 
Ga.,  about  51  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  several 
general  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  842. 

Dawsonville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Dawsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Orange  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

DaAvnlghant,  dawViil-gawt',  a  walled  town  of  India, 
in  Hyderabad,  54  miles  S.  of  Boorhanpoor. 

Da^wundhul'ly,  or  Devanchalli,  diVun-chiil'le,  a 
town  of  India,  province  and  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mysore. 
Pop.  5771. 

Dax,  dix.  Ax,  or  Aqs,  ix  (ano.  A'qu«  Augus'tse),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Landes,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Adour,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Bayonne.  It  is  in  part  enclosed  by  old  Roman  walls,  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  cathedral,  court-house,  prison,  chamber 
of  commerce,  and  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  earthen- 
ware, linen  thread,  linseed  oil,  vinegar,  and  leather,  and 
some  trade  in  corn,  wine,  brandy,  hams,  and  wood.  It  was 
celebrated  in  the  time  of  the  Romans  for  its  hot  saline 
springs  (temperature,  162°  Fahr.),  and  is  still  much  fre- 
quented by  invalids.  In  the  Middle  Ages  the  town  was 
called  Civitas  Ahensis  or  Aqueneia,  i.e.,  the  "  city  of 
Aquae,"  whence  the  French  Ville  d'Acqs,  or  simply  d'Acqt, 
d'Ax,  or  Dax.     Pop.  9085. 

Daxlanden,  dax'linM^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles 
W.  of  Carlsruhe,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2553. 

Daxweiler,  d4x'^ri§r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  28  miles 
S.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  587. 

Day,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Calvin  town- 
ship, 8  miles  S.E.  of  Cassopolis. 

Day,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Day  town- 
ship, on  the  Sacondaga  River,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  862. 

Dayansville,  New  York.    See  New  Bremen. 

Day  Book,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Day'kin,  a  post-village  of  Jeflferson  co.,  Neb.,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Daylesford,  dalz'f^rd,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, 25  miles  N.E.  of  Ballarat,  in  a  fertile  region,  where 
much  gold  is  obtained.     It  has  a  hospital.     Pop.  4696. 

Daylor  Ranch,  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.    See  Cosdhnb. 

Days'borough,  a  post-office  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky. 

Day's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Day's  Gap,  a  post- village  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  32  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Fayette  Court-House,  and  10  miles  (direct)  S. 
by  W.  of  Jasper.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890.  421. 

Day's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Day's  River,  Michigan.     See  Brampton. 

Daysville,  Windham  co.,  Conn.     See  Dayville. 

Days'ville,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  Nashua 
township,  on  Rock  River,  1  mile  from  Daysville  Station  of 
the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  and  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Dixon.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves  and 
mittens.     Daysville  Station  is  98  miles  W.  of  Chicago. 

Daysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  4i  miles  B. 
of  Elkton.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Daysville,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.    See  Sand  Hjll. 

Daysville,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 
Dayton,  da'ton,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Selma,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Demopolis. 
It  has  5  churches  and  2  schools.     Pop.  426. 

Dayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 


DAY 


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Arkansas  River,  about  25  miles  below  Fort  Smith.  It  has 
12  families. 

Dayton,  or  Grain'land,  a  hamlet  of  Butte  oo.,  Cal., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Chico.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Grainland 
Post-Office. 

Dayton^  a  post-village  in  Dayton  township,  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E,  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  163 ;  of 
the  township,  663. 

Dayton,  a  post- village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  in  Shef- 
field township,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Wild  Cat  Creek,  and 
on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  <fc  Bloomington  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  4  churches,  a  steam-elevator,  a 
broom-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  385. 

Dayton,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa, 
about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Waverly.     Pop.  of  township,  518. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  traversed  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad.     Pop.  613. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  715,  ex- 
clusive of  Clarence. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad  (Iowa  & 
Dakota  division).     Pop.  624. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1066. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Pop.  in  1890,  669. 

Dayton,  a  hamlet  in  Timber  Hill  township,  Bourbon 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Dayton,  a  post-town  of  Campbell  oo.,  Ey.,  is  situated 
on  or  near  the  Ohio  River,  IJ  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Newport, 
and  2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  6  churches, 
public  and  parochial  schools,  distilleries,  and  manufactures 
of  ropes,  shoes,  cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  4264. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Me.,  about  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Saco 
River.     Pop.  500.     It  contains  Union  Falls. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co,  Md.,  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Ellicott  City.  It  has  steam-engine  works,  and 
general  business  stores,  <tc. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  82  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  and  11 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Niles.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  260. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  975. 
It  contains  Fremont  Centre. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  789. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Dayton  township,  Hennepin 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Crow  River,  1  mile  from  and  nearly  opposite 
Itaska  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1082. 

Dayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  about  50  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Dayton,  a  village  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  9  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Neosho.  In  the  vicinity  are  lead-mines  and  smelting- 
furnaces.     Here  is  Racine  Post-Office. 

Dayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lyon  co.,  Nevada, 
on  Carson  River,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Mound  House,  and 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  bluestone  and  sulphuric 
acid.     Pop.  in  1890,  576. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Jamesburg  and  Monmouth  Junction,  4 
miles  W.  of  Jamesburg,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a  hay-press,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  harness,  &c.     Pop.  300. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dayton  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  by  S. 
from  Dunkirk,  and  on  the  BuflFalo  and  Jamestown  Railroad, 
38  miles  S.  of  Bufi°alo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  private  bank, 
and  a  manufactory  of  staves.     Pop.  of  township,  1736. 

Dayton,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mad  River,  and  on  the  line  of  the 
Miami  Canal,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  71  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Columbus.  Lat.  39°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  11'  W. 
This  is  the  fifth  city  of  Ohio  in  respect  to  population  and 
wealth,  and  is  celebrated  for  the  variety  and  extent  of  its 
manufactures,  which  are  rapidly  increasing.  It  is  an  im- 
portant station  on  8  railroads,  viz.,  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  (or  "  Big  Four"),  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  &  Western,  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton, 
the  Dayton  <fc  Union,  the  Dayton  &  Xenia,  the  Dayton  & 


Michigan,  the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  <fe  Iron  ton,  and  the  Cincin- 
nati,  Dayton  &  Chicago.  A  continuous  line  of  railroad  is  now 
completed  from  the  Ohio  River,  at  Wheeling,  to  St.  Louis, 
on  which  Dayton  is  one  of  the  principal  points.  Thirty- 
Six  macadamized  or  hard-gravelled  roads  radiate  in  all 
directions  from  Dayton,  with  an  aggregate  length  of  more 
than  600  miles.  The  city  is  laid  out  with  streets  100  feet 
wide,  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  public 
buildings  are  remarkably  fine,  and  excellent  taste  is  dis- 
played in  the  construction  of  the  private  residences  and  in 
the  embellishment  of  the  adjoining  grounds.  The  county 
court-house,  an  elegant  edifice,  100  by  200  feet,  is  built  of 
white  stone  quarried  in  the  vicinity.  The  style  of  archi- 
tecture is  modern.  It  cost  about  $300,000.  Dayton  has 
also  a  stone  jail  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $400,000,  47 
churches,  a  public  library,  6  national  banks,  3  other  banks, 
2  market-houses,  a  high  school,  17  public  schools,  4  Catho- 
lic schools,  and  several  high-grade  preparatory  schools  for 
boys.  Six  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  The  streets,  stores,  and  public  buildings  are  lighted 
with  gas  and  electricity.  Quarries  of  excellent  limestone 
are  worked  in  the  vicinity,  and  furnish  material  for  th« 
finest  buildings  of  Cincinnati.  The  abundant  water-power 
which  Dayton  possesses  through  its  hydraulic  canal,  by 
which  the  water  of  Mad  River  is  brought  through  the  city, 
is  one  of  the  elements  of  its  prosperity.  It  is  the  seat  of 
extensive  industrial  establishments,  embracing  manufao 
tories  of  agricultural  implements  with  an  aggregate  capi- 
tal of  $1,868,414  and  producing  goods  to  the  value  of 
$1,352,150;  carriages  and  wagons,  capital  $469,447,  prod- 
uct $482,369;  cofi'ee  and  spices,  capital  $217,117,  product 
$921,500;  flour  and  feed,  capital  $272,050,  product  $1,185,- 
260;  foundry-products  and  machinery,  capital  $1,565,768, 
product  $1,756,278 ;  architectural  iron-work,  capital  $255,- 
905,  product  $322,660;  liquors  (malt),  capitel  $909,375, 
product  $619,148;  lumber,  capital  $403,928,  product  $392,- 
291;  paper,  capital  $897,008,  product  $1,017,257;  and 
tobacco,  capital  $370,183,  product  $1,017,545.  It  also  con- 
tains several  cotton-factories,  woollen-factories,  oil-mills, 
&a.,  its  annual  manufactures  being  estimated  at  $20,000,000. 
Dayton  was  first  settled  in  1796,  and  was  incorporated  in 
1805.  Assessed  value  of  property  in  1864,  $10,315,310; 
in  1878  the  valuation  was  $20,000,000;  in  1892  it  was 
$35,000,000.  In  1829  the  Miami  Canal  was  opened  from 
Cincinnati  to  this  point,  from  which  event  the  prosperity 
of  Dayton  may  be  dated.  Pop.  in  1830,  2954;  in  184U, 
6067;  in  1S50,  10,976;  in  1860,  20,081;  in  1870,  30,473; 
in  1880,  38,678;  in  1890,  61,220;  in  1892,  65,000. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Yam  Hill  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  3  miles  from  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Port 
land.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded  public 
schools,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  in  1890,  304. 
Steamboats  run  daily  to  Portland. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kittanning,  and  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  academies.     Pop.  in  1890,  372. 

Dayton,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Summit 
Branch  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Lykens. 

Dayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  38 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  college  and  public  schools,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  roller  flour-mills,  a  pearl  button  factory,  pressed-brick- 
works,  and  iron-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  2719. 

Dayton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Liberty  co.,  Tex.,  35 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Dayton,  a  post  village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Harrisonburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  flour- 
mills,  and  large  carriage-factories.     Pop.  about  400. 

Dayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  Wash., 
34  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla,  in  a  fruit-growing 
district.  It  has  a  court-house,  numerous  churches,  public 
schools,  a  public  library,  and  large  shipments  of  grain, 
flour,  stock,  and  produce.  Here  is  rich  farming-land.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1880. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Exeter  township,  Green  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Sugar  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Dayto'na,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Halifax  River,  near  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  47 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palatka.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.    Pop.  771 

Daytonville,  Washington  co.,  Iowa.    See  Dayton. 

Day'ville,  a  village  in  Killingly  township,  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  29  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  sash  and  blinds. 


f 


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j  Dead  Level,  a  post-oflBce  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

I  Dead'man's  Bay,  a  bay  at  the  Southern  extremity 

if  Taylor  co.,  Fla.,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

I  Deadman's  Bay,  a  small  fishing-settlement  of  New- 

oiindland,  18  miles  N.  of  Green's  Pond  Island.     Pop.  30. 

'  Deadman's  Harbor,  a  fishing-settlement  on  the  Bay 

f  Fundj,  Charlotte  co.,  New  Brunswick,  12  miles  from  St. 

(oorge.     Pop.  60. 

;  Dead  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  runs  east- 

riird,  and  enters  the  Kennebec  River  in  Somerset  co. 
(.ength,  about  75  miles. 

I  Dead  River,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.     Pop. 

If  Dead  River  plantation,  100. 

;  Dead  River,  of  New  Hampshire,  rises  in  Coos  co., 
jnd  falls  into  the  Margallaway  River. 
Dead  Sea,  or  Sea  of  Sod'om  (Arab.  Birket-Loot, 

Jgn'k^t-Ioot,  "  Lake  of  Lot,"  or  Bahr-Loot,  bin'r-loot. 

Sea  of  Lot ;"  Fr.  Mer  Morte,  main  moRt ;  Ger.  Todtea-Meer, 
t't§s-maiR;  a,nc.  La' cua  Asphalti'tes  ;  h.  Ma're  Mor'tuum), 
lied  in  Scripture  Salt  Sea,  Sea  of  the  Plains,  and 

„a8t  Sea,  a  celebrated  lake  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
Kdestine,  25  miles  E.  of  Jerusalem,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of 
fericho.  Centre,  about  lat.  31°  30'  N.,  Ion.  35°  45'  E. 
Ungth,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  41  miles ;  breadth  at  the  widest 
>£.rt,  9i  miles,  average,  about  SJ  miles.  The  basin  or 
jicilow  in  which  the  Dead  Sea  reposes  forms  the  southern 
jermination  of  the  great  depression  through  which  the  Jor- 
lf,n  flows,  that  river  entering  it  at  its  northern  extremity. 
(?lie  surface  of  the  lake  is  1312  feet  below  the  level  of  the 
'iiediterranean,  and  984  feet  below  that  of  Lake  Tiberias, 
Ir  lich  the  Jordan  traverses,  it  being  thus  by  far  the  deepest 
;nown  fissure  on  the  earth's  surface.  It  lies  imbedded 
»( tween  lofty  cliSs  of  naked  limestone,  its  shores  presenting 

tioene  of  indescribable  desolation  and  solitude,  encompassed 
y  desert  sands  and  bleak,  stony,  salt  hills;  except  where 
A  ere  are  fresh-water  streams,  in  which  localities  the  shores 
W9  fertile.  Lofty  mountains,  exhibiting  frightful  preci- 
bioes,  rise  on  the  E.  shore  to  the  height  of  2000  and  2500 
feat  above  the  water,  and  on  the  W.  the  rocky  barriers 
»ttain  an  elevation  of  1500  feet.  Its  waters  are  thoroughly 
Impregnated  with  salt,  and  it  ha^  not  been  proved  that  any 
ii.imal  exists  in  this  sea.  A  mountain  of  rock  salt  on  its 
3.W.  side,  called  Hajr  Ooadoom,  "stone  of  Sodom,"  pre- 
|!erves  the  name  of  that  city,  ruined  with  others,  as  de- 
icribed  in  Gen.  xix.  24-28;  and  traces  of  towns  or  build- 
ings are  reported,  on  doubtful  authority,  to  have  been  seen 
lit  certain  times  in  its  bed.  Asphaltum  was  thrown  to  the 
iurface  at  its  southern  extremity  in  large  quantities  after 
the  earthquakes  of  1834  and  1837.  Messrs.  Robinson  and 
Smith  have  found  the  Aaclepiaa  gigantea  growing  at  Engedi, 
bii  its  W.  coast,  the  fruits  of  which  (the  famed  "apples 
bi  Sodom"),  though  inviting  in  appearance,  crumble  in  the 
jbiijid  into  powder. 

I  Dead'wood,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D., 
kmong  the  Black  Hills,  the  metropolis  of  the  western  half 
ni  South  Dakota  and  the  commercial  capital  of  all  that 
biirt  of  the  state  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  62  miles  by 
fiuil  N.  of  Custer,  and  45  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Rapid  City. 
It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  public 
Ischools,  smelters,  and  chlorination-works.  It  is  a  great 
lore-reducing  centre.  Pop.  in  1890^  2366. 
I  Deakovar,  di-i^koVaR',  or  Diakovar,  dee-i^koVaR', 
a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  co.  of  Verotze,  22  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Eszek.     Pop.  2400. 

)  Deakyneville,  dee-kin'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle 
,00.,  Del.,  on  Delaware  Bay,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Smyrna.  It 
|hiV8  a  church  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

j  Deal,  deel,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  a  member 
(of  the  cinque  port  of  Sandwich,  from  which  town  it  is  5 
miles  S.E.  by  rail,  on  the  shore  of  the  North  Sea,  near  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Downs,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dover.  The 
town  consists  of  Upper,  Middle,  and  Lower  Deal, — the  last 
stretching  in  parallel  streets  along  the  coast.     The  princi- 

Eal  buildings  are  a  church,  court-house,  jail,  naval  store- 
ouse,  barracks,  hospital,  custom-house,  and  new  public 
rooms,  with  a  library  and  baths.  At  the  S.  and  N.  ex- 
tremities of  the  borough  are  Walmer  and  Sandown  Cas- 
jtles,  and  intermediate  is  Deal  Castle,  a  fortress  built  by 
(Henry  VIII.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  connected  with 
I  maritime  traffic,  and  the  skill  and  boldness  of  Deal  pilots 
lareproverbial.  It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.  Pop.  8009. 
'  Deal,  deel,  a  post-village  and  bathing-place  in  Ocean 
[township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  4 
'  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Long  Branch,  and  4  miles  from  Ocean 
«  Grove.  It  has  a  hotel,  an  academy,  several  boarding-houses, 
l*nd  a  grist-mill. 
I     Deal  Beach,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 


on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Long  Branch  division 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.  of  New  York 
City.  Deal  Beach  comprises  that  part  of  the  shore  which 
lies  between  Asbury  Park  and  Long  Branch. 
-  Deal's  Island,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
is  on  an  island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  15  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Crisfield.  The  island  is  3  miles  long,  and  is  connected 
with  the  mainland  by  a  bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school.     Many  oysters  are  exported. 

Deal'town,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  19i 
miles  S.  of  Chatham.  It  has  several  stores  and  hotels,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  trade  in  grain  and  lumber.    Pop.  160. 

Dean,  or  Deen,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  co. 
of  Leicester,  and  falls  into  the  Trent  at  Newark. 

Dean,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  issues  from 
Forfar  Loch,  and  falls  into  the  Isla  1  mile  N.  of  Meigle. 

Dean,  deen,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wells  township,  Ap- 
panoose CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.E.  of  Centreville,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Chariton  River. 

Dean  Forest,  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  comprised 
formerly  the  chief  part  of  the  county  W.  of  the  Severn,  but 
as  a  royal  forest  it  is  now  reduced  to  22,000  acres,  about  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Newnham.  The  population  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  iron-  and  coal-mines,  with  which  the  forest  and 
neighboring  wastes  abound.  The  forest  contains  fine  plan- 
tations of  oak,  beech,  <&c.,  and  orchards  yielding  famous 
cider.  Numerous  railways  connect  the  mines  with  the  Sev- 
ern, Wye,  &c.  It  is  divided  into  East  Dean  (pop.  10,901) 
and  West  Dean  (pop.  9591).  The  inhabitants  are  exempted 
from  county  rates,  and  have  other  ancient  privileges. 

Dean  Mitch'ell,  or  Mitch^eldean',  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  11  miles  W.  of  Gloucester. 

Dean's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in  South 
Brunswick  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  51  miles  from  West  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Dean's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1320. 

Dean's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Lake  co..  111.,  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dean's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Horseheads. 

Dean's  Corners,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.    See  Aukville. 

Dean's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y. 

Dean's  Island,  a  lagoon  island  in  the  Pacific,  between 
the  Low  Islands  and  the  Society  Islands.  Lat.  15°  5'  S.; 
Ion.  148°  W. 

Dean's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  4 
miles  from  Sheridan.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Deans'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  30  milef 
S.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Teith,  1  mile  W.  of  Doune.  Pop. 
627,  employed  in  cotton-factories. 

Deans'ville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Chenango  Canal,  14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  cider  and 
vinegar.     Pop.  about  300. 

Deansville,  or  Deanville,  a  post-village  of  Dana 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  ha«  a  church. 

Dean'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Burnside  township,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Deanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in  Mad- 
ison township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Mahoning.   It  has  2  churches. 

Deanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex.,  22 
miles  from  Giddings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Dearborn,  the  former  name  of  Nunda,  111. 

Dearborn,  deer'bgm,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  287  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  Laughery  Creek.  The  N.E.  part  of  the  county  is 
drained  by  Whitewater  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly 
and  partly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Nearly  one- 
third  of  the  area  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  Silurian  lime- 
stone underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio 
A  Mississippi  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chi- 
cago A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with 
Lawrencebnrg,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,116;  in  1880,  26,671;  in  1890,  23,364. 

Dearborn,  or  Dear'bornville,  a  post-village  of 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  Rouge  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  5  oliurohes, 
a  union  school,  an  extensive  tile-  and  brick-yard,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  900. 


DEA 


1012 


DEC 


Dearborn^  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Platte  co., 
Mo.,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Atchison,  Kansas,  and  9 
miles  direct  N.  of  Platte  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
»nd  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  239. 

Dearborn,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 74  miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Benton.    Pop.  119. 

Dearborn's  River,  the  first  tributary  of  any  im- 
portance which  the  Missouri  receives  after  the  junction  of 
its  three  head-branches.  It  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and,  flowing  S.E.,  unites  with  the  Missouri  about  130  miles 
above  the  Great  Falls.    Length,  about  150  miles. 

Dear'ing,  a  station  in  McDuffie  co.,  6a.,  on  the  Georgia 
Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 

Dease  (dees)  Inlet,  Arctic  Ocean,  Alaska,  S.E.  of 
Pjint  Barrow,  in  lat.  71°  13'  N.,  Ion.  75°  10'  W.,  is  about 
5  miles  broad,  and  has  2  fathoms  of  water. 

Dease  River,  of  British  North  America,  rises  in  the 
Coppermine  Mountains,  and  flows  into  the  N.  side  of 
Great  Bear  Lake. 

Dease  Strait,  a  channel  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  com- 
municating with  Coronation  Gulf,  and  having  Melbourne 
Island  at  its  E.  extremity.  It  is  intersected  by  the  parallel 
of  69°  N.,  is  about  120  miles  long  and  23  miles  in  average 
breadth,  and  at  its  widest  part  is  obstructed  by  islands. 

Deasonville,  dee'sgn-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yazoo  co.,' 
Miss.,  4  miles  W.  of  Yaughan.    It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Death  Valley,  or  Amar'gosa  Desert,  Inyo  co., 
Cal.,  lies  between  the  Amargosa  Mountains  on  the  E.  and 
the  Panamint  Mountains  on  the  W.  Its  surface  is  159  feet 
below  sea-level.  It  is  a  gloomy  desert  tract,  receiving  the 
scanty  waters  of  the  Amargosa  River. 

Deatonsville,  dee'tgnz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia 
CO.,  Va.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jetersville  Railroad  Station. 

Deatsville,  deets'vll,  a  station  in  Elmore  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montgomery. 

Deatsville,  a  post-office  of  Nelion  co.,  Ky. 

Deav'er's,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Deavertown,  dee'v^r-tdwn,  a  post-village  of  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  15  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  stoneware,  and  wagons.    Pop.  160. 

Dea  Vocontiorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Die. 

Deba,  di'bi,  or  Dib'bah,  a  fortified  town  of  Arabia, 
on  the  Arabian  Sea,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Muscat.  Pop.  1200, 
who  collect  shark-fins  and  engage  in  the  pearl-fishery. 

Deba,  dk'hk,  or  Dhapa,  d'h&'p&,  a  town  of  Thibet, 
capital  of  a  province,  near  the  Upper  Sutlej,  14,918  feet 
above  sea-level.  Lat.  30°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  21'  E.  It  has  a 
large  temple  of  Vishnu,  and  a  monastic  establishment. 

Debaee,  or  Dibai,  de-b&'ee,  called  also  Dub^boi', 
Dubhae,  dfib-h&'ee,  and  Dub^hoi',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict of  Boolundshahur,  69  miles  S.E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7782. 

Debai,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Deba. 

Debalpoor,  di-bil-poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
Jab,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Ravee  Rivers,  77  miles  S.W. 
of  Lahore. 

Debel'lo,  a  post-offioe  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  about  27 
miles  E.  of  Viroqua. 

Deb'enham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  13 
miles  N.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  of  parish,  1349. 

De  Ber'ry,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
direct  N.E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  and  general 
(ttores  and  business  bouses. 

Debert,  d§-bair',  a  river  of  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
rises  in  the  Cobequid  Mountains,  flows  south,  and  falls  into 
Cobequid  Bay.  Several  lakes  at  its  source  abound  with 
speckled  trout. 

Debert,  a  small  village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
near  Cobequid  Bay,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Truro.     P.  140. 

Debi,  or  Debie,  di'bee',  a  village  of  Senegambia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Senegal,  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

DebUois',  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Narraguagus  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Cherryfield.   P.  139. 

Debo,  di'bo,  or  Dibbie,  dib'bee  (Arab.  Bahr-Tieh, 
bin'r-teeb,  the  "black  lake"),  a  lake  of  Africa,  150  miles 
S.W.  of  Timbuctoo,  is  traversed  by  the  Niger  River,  which 
enters  on  its  S.  and  emerges  from  its  N.E.  side.  On  its 
S.W.  shore  is  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Deboo,  or  Debou,  di-boo',  a  village  of  Western 
Africa,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  Falem6.  Lat.  14°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
12°  14'  W.     It  is  situated  on  a  cliflf  overhanging  the  river. 

Debra-Tabour,  Abyssinia.     See  Devra-Taboor. 

Debreczin,  or  Debretzin,  di-brSt'sin,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  and  the  chief  town  of  the  Haiduck  district,  is  in 
a  sandy  plain,  at  a  railway  junction,  116  miles  E.  of  Pesth. 
The  houses  are  almost  all  one  story  in  height,  and  thatched ; 


the  streets  are  broad,  unpaved,  and  in  wet  weather  a  ma 
of  liquid  mud.  Its  principal  edifices  are  5  churches, 
monastery,  several  hospital  and  infirmaries,  an  orpha 
asylum,  and  a  town  haU.  It  has  a  Calvinistic  college,  wit 
a  library  of  20,000  volumes,  founded  in  1792,  a  botanic  ga 
den  and  palm-house,  a  Piarist  college,  a  Roman  Catho! 
high  school,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  tobacco-pipe-bowl 
beet  sugar,  flour,  shoes,  furs,  combs,  and  coopers'  an 
turnery-wares.  The  inner  town  is  enclosed  by  walls.  Poi 
46,111,  chiefly  Magyars  and  Protestants. 

De  Bruce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.T.,  aboi 
45  miles  W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

De  Brn'in,  or  Debru'in,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulasl. 
CO.,  Mo.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Richland  Railroad  Station. 

De  Burg,  dfh  biiRG,  or  Burgt,  biiRGt,  a  village  o 
the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  island  of  Texel,  7  mill 
N.  of  the  Helder.  It  is  the  principal  village  in  the  islanc 
and  is  noted  for  the  beauty  of  its  streets. 

Debnrieh,  d§b^oo-ree'§h  (anc.  Dabu'rath),  a  village  o 
Palestine,  pashalic  of  Acre,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Nazareth. 

Decapolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Deva. 

Decatur,  de-ki't^r,  the  most  southwestern  county  o 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  1106  square  miles.  It  i 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  inter 
sected  by  the  Flint  River,  which  unites  with  the  forme 
stream  at  the  S.W.  corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  i 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Coi 
ton,  Indian  com,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  stapl 
products.  A  large  part  of  this  county  is  covered  wit 
forests  of  yellow  pine,  oak,  ash,  Ac.  It  is  traversed  by  th 
Alabama  Midland  and  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Rail 
roads,  the  latter  passing  through  Bainbridge,  the  capital 
Pop.  in  1870, 15,183;  in  1880,  19.072;  in  1890,  19,949. 

Decatur,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  ai 
area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Clifty  am 
Sand  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostl; 
based  on  limestone,  and  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  ha; 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter 
sected  by  several  branches  of  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  all  of  which  meet  at  Greens 
burg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,053;  in  1880,  19,779 
in  1890,  19,277. 

Decatur,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  oi 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  534  square  miles.  It  is  inter8ecte( 
by  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  also  drained  b; 
the  Weldon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diver 
sified  with  prairies  and  tracts  of  bard  timber.  The  soil  i 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  pork,  and  oats  are  th 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Des  Moines  &  Kan 
sas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Leon.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,018 
in  1880,  15,336;  in  1890,  15,643. 

Decatur,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  bor 
dering  on  Nebraska.  Area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  inter 
sected  by  Sappa,  Prairie  Dog,  and  Beaver  Creeks,  anc 
traversed  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  Chi 
cago.  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Ober 
lin.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  Pop.  ii 
1880,  4180;  in  1890,  8414. 

Decatur,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  ol 
about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  bi 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Beech  Creek.  Thi 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forest! 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are  thi 
staple  products.  Capital,  Decaturville.  Pop.  in  1870 
7772;  in  1880,  8498;  in  1890,  8995. 

Decatur,  a  city,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  thi 
Tennessee  River,  24  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Huntsville 
and  90  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Birmingham.  It  is  thi 
N.  terminus  of  the  South  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad,  whicl 
here  connects  with  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad.  I 
has  an  academy,  8  churches,  a  bank,  bridge- works,  oak 
extract-works,  machine-shops,  cotton-compress,  furniture 
works,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  2765. 

Decatur,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  15  mile 
W.  by  S.  of  Benton ville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Decatur,  a  post- village,  capital  of  DeKalb  co.,  Ga.,  i 
6  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  10  miles  S.W.  ol 
Stone  Mountain.  It  has  6  churches,  an  academy,  and  i 
high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1013. 

Decatur,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Macon  co. 
is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Sangamon  River,  in  Decatur  town 
ship,  44  miles  S.  of  Bloomington,  39  miles  E.  of  Springfield 
and  109  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  Illinoi 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash  Railroad 
(which  hence  sends  westward  two  divisions  to  St.  Louis  am 


DEO 


1013 


DEC 


Ito  Springfield  and  Quinoy),  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
ilndianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Railroad.  The  Illinois 
(Midland  Railroad  connects  it  with  Terre  Haute  and  Peoria, 
lit  is  also  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  and 
jPekin,  Lincoln  <fc  Decatur  Railroads.  It  contains  a  court- 
Ihouse,  12  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  a  Cath- 
lolie  academy,  a  convent,  a  high  school,  and  printing-ofl&ces 
iwhich  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  One  of  the 
latter  is  in  German.  Decatur  has  2  breweries,  a  woollen- 
mill,  3  flouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
iron,  farming-implements,  carriages,  engines  and  boilers, 
Ifurniture,  bagging,  linseed  oil,  bricks,  &o.  Pop.  in  1880, 
(11547;  in  1890,  16,841. 

Decatur^  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Adams  go.,  Ind.,  on 
1st.  Mary's  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne, 
land  70  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
ji^nks,  9  churches,  free  schools,  2  newspaper  ofBces,  and 
I  manufactures  of  wind-engines,  machinery,  butter-tubs, 
churns,  staves,  and  heading.     Pop.  in  1890,  3142. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  is  traversed 
;  by  the  Indianapolis  &  Vincennes  Railroad.     Pop.  1559. 
i     Decatnr,  a  post- village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in  a  town- 
,«hip  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  W.  of  Leon,  and  about  65 
I  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.    It  has  2  churches.    The  township 
jis  drained  by  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River.     Pop.  in 
I  1890,  215,-  of  the  township,  890. 
I     Decatur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 
I     Decatur,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on 
1  !,he  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Kalama- 
i  :!00,  and  116  miles  E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  7  churches,  a 
I  i)ank,  a  foundry,  a  measure-factory,  a  novelty-works,  a  grist- 
:  nill,  2  grain-elevators,  and  manufactures  of  staves,  Ac.    A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1109 ; 
[  )f  the'  township,  1789. 

Decatur,  a  small  post-village  of  Newton  co..  Miss., 
ibout  70  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches 
md  a  tannery. 

Decatur,  a  hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  in  Moreau  town- 
)hip,  13  miles  S.  of  Centretown  Railroad  Station,  which  is 
15  miles  W,  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  smelting-furnace 
for  lead,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Decatur,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Burt  co..  Neb., 
)n  the  Missouri  River,  10  miles  from  Onawa,  Iowa,  and  about 
30  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Omaha.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
i,  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  593. 

Decatur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Decatur 
;ownship,  about  54  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church 
:ind  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  741. 

Decatur,  a  post-village  in  Byrd  township,  Brown  co., 
0.,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches, 
!i  seminary,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  204. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.    Pop.  1761. 

[t  contains  Centre  Station,  and  has  important  iron-works. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.    Pop.  1437. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa.    It  has  mines 

of  bituminous  coal,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Tyrone  &  Clear- 

Seld  Railroad.     Pop.  1461. 

Decatur,  a  post-township  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  intersected 
by  the  railroad  connecting  Lewistown  with  Selin's  Grove. 
It  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 
P.  1171.  Decatur  Post-OfBce  is  3i  miles  from  Paintersville. 
Decatur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  13  miles  W.  from  Athens, 
and  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Decatur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  from  Fort  Worth,  and  about  65  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Dallas.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  col- 
leges, a  cottonseed-oil-mill,  3  newspaper  offices,  water-works, 
electric  lights  and  an  ice-factory.     Pop.  in  1890, 1746. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.  Pop.  685,  ex- 
clusive of  Brodhead. 

Decatur  Junction,  a  station  in  Limestone  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Decatur,  is  the  point  where  the  Nashville  <fc  Decatur  Rail- 
road joins  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad. 

Decatur  Junction,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch 
extending  to  certain  coal-mines.  It  is  about  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Clearfield. 

Deca'turville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co..  Mo.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Decaturville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Decatur  oo., 
Tenn.,  5  miles  W.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  about  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Perryville,  which  is  50  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
seminary.     Pop.  about  600. 


Decazeville,  d^h-k&zVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Villefranche,  with  extensive  iron- 
forges  and  manufactures  of  bar-iron  and  rails.     Pop.  5968. 

Deccan,  or  Dekkan,  dSk'kan  (Sanscrit,  Bacshina, 
dik-shee'ni,  "  the  south"),  a  term  formerly  applied  to  the 
whole  of  India  S.  of  the  Nerbudda,  but  later  limited  to 
the  country  between  that  river  and  the  Kistnah,  or  from 
lat.  16°  to  23°  N.,  and  comprising  Gundwanah,  Orissa, 
the  Northern  Circars,  Candeish,  Berar,  Beeder,  Hyderabad, 
Aurungabad,  and  Bejapoor.  It  is  often  employed  to  desig- 
nate the  central  elevated  plateau  of  these  regions.  The 
Deccan  is  now  chiefly  under  direct  British  control,  but  the 
name  is  not  officially  used. 

Deccan,  d^k'kan,  or  Dukkinshahabazpoor,  dlik- 
kin-shi-hi-biz-poor',  written  also  Dakshin  (dak^shin') 
Shahbazpur,  or  Shah^baz^poor'  Island,  a  large 
island  of  the  Backergunge  district,  Bengal,  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Meghna.  It  is  over  30 
miles  long,  and  is  very  populous. 

Decern  Pagi,  the  ancient  name  of  Dieuze. 

Decep'tion  Island,  near  South  Shetland,  in  the  Ant- 
arctic Ocean,  lat.  62°  55'  6"  S.,  Ion.  60°  35'  W.,  is  volcanic, 
with  a  deep  lake  5  miles  in  circumference,  and  hot  springs 
the  temperature  of  whose  water  is  140°  Fahr. 

Decetia,  the  ancient  name  of  Decize. 

De  Cewsville,  deh  suz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Haldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Cayuga.     Pop.  100. 

Decherd,  deck'^rd,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  82  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Winchester.  It  is 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Winchester  &  Alabama  Railroad, 
and  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  6  stores.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1008;  in  1890,  725. 

De  Chien  Bayou,  d?h  sheen  (Fr.  pron.  d^h  she-iM»') 
bi'oo,  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  flows  westward  through 
the  S.  part  of  Hickman  co,  into  the  Mississippi  River. 

Dechkin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Deshkin. 

Decimomannu,  diVhe-mo-m&n-noo',  a  village  in  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Santaliana  and  the  Mannu. 

Decize,  d^h-seez'  (anc.  Dece'tia),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Nievre,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Nevers.  Pop.  3547. 
It  is  situated  on  an  island  in  the  Loire,  whose  summit  is 
crowned  by  an  old  castle  of  the  Dukes  of  Nevers.  Decize 
has  extensive  iron-works,  also  glass-works.  The  coal-mines 
in  the  neighborhood  are  among  the  richest  in  France. 

Deck'ard,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in  Wayne 
township,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Meadville,  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  saw-mills. 

Deckendorf,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Deggendorf. 

Deck'er,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  bounded  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Wabash.     Pop.  971. 

Decker,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind,,  has  the  Wabash 
on  the  W,  and  the  White  River  on  the  S,E,  Pop.  837.  It 
contains  Decker's  Station. 

Decker's,  a  station  in  Ozaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Mil 
waukee.  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of 
Milwaukee.  * 

Decker's  Dock,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.T.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  i  mile  from  Pond  Eddy  Station  of  the  Erie 
Railroad.     Here  is  a  bridge  over  the  river. 

Decker's  Point,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of  Glen  Campbell,  and  12  miles  (di- 
rect) N.N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Deck'ertown,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Sussex 
CO.,  N.J.,  14  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Newton,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.E,  of  Swarts- 
wood.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  plough- 
factory,  2  flour-mills,  machine-shops,  steam  saw-  and 
planing-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1500, 

Deck'erville,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.,  46 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  350. 

Declez'ville,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  oo., 
Cal.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  has  marble-  and 
granite-works. 

Deco'rah,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  the  terminus  of  the  De- 
corah  division  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  and  of  the  Decorah  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  118  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  90  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  Here  is  the  Nor 
wegian  Luther  College  (Lutheran),  which  was  founded  in 
1861  and  has  about  400  students  annually.  Decorah  con- 
tains 8  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several 
flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  wind-mill  factory,  a  furni- 


DEC 


1014 


DEE 


ture-factory,  butter-tub  works,  and  a  large  creamery.  It 
has  2  English  and  3  Norwegian  newspaper  ofiBces.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2801. 

Deco'ra  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau 
CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  E.  of  Galesville. 

Deco'ria,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.  P.  1011. 

Decos'ta,  or  Dacos'ta,  a  post-hamletof  Atlantic  co., 
N.  J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  and  Philadelphia  &  Atlan- 
tic City  Railroads,  33  miles  S.B.  of  Philadelphia. 

Deco'to,  a  post- village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal,,  27  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  Beet-raising  is  the  chief  indus- 
try ;  stone-breaking  is  also  carried  on.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  University.     Pop.  about  250. 

Decs,  daitch,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  near 
Battaszek.     Pop.  2376. 

Decnmanam,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dicomano. 

Ded'dington,  a  town  of  England,  co,  and  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  endowed  almshouses  and  brew- 
eries of  excellent  ale.     Pop.  of  parish,  2061. 

Dede  Agatch,  diMi-i-gitch',  written  also  Degea- 
ghatch,  Dege  Agh,  and  Dededjatch,  a  seaport  town 
of  European  Turkey,  on  the  ^gean,  92  miles  by  rail  S.  by 
W.  of  Adrianople,  and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  rail- 
way from  Adrianople  and  Philippopolis.  Lat.  40°  50  N. ; 
Ion.  25°  55'  E.     It  has  a  large  export  trade. 

Dedeleben,  di-deh-lA'b^n  (Gross,  grooe,  and  Elbi5, 
kline),  two  adjacent  villages  of  Prussia,  about  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1944. 

Dedham,  ded'am,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa, 
14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manning.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  273. 

Dedham,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Hancock  co.. 
Me.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

Dedham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
is  on  Charles  River,  in  Dedham  township,  and  on  branches 
of  the  Providence  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  the  branches  extending  to  Forest 
Hills,  to  Readville,  and  to  West  Roxbury.  It  has  also  a 
station  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  handsome  court-house,  6  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  public  library,  a  high  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  goods, 
chocolates,  and  cocoas.  This  is  the  native  place  of  Fisher 
Ames.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  7123. 

Dedilova,  or  Dedilowa,  di-de-lo'v4,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Toola. 

Dedjoochin,  or  Dedjuchin,  ded-yoo'chin,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  110  miles  N.  of  Perm.     Pop.  3554. 

Dee,  a  river  in  Wales,  rises  in  Lake  Bala,  co.  of  Merio- 
neth, flows  between  the  county  of  Denbigh  on  the  W.  and 
Flintshire  and  Cheshire  on  the  E.,  passing  Chester,  to  an 
estuary,  by  which  it  communicates  with  the  Irish  Sea.  Total 
course,  70  miles. 

Dee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  rises  in  the 
Cairngorm  Mountains,  and  flows,  with  a  generally  E.  course, 
to  the  North  Sea  at  Aberdeen.  Total  course,  96  miles.  Its 
salmon-fishery  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  Scotland. 
Balflioral  is  on  its  banks. 

Dee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  flows  southward,  and  enters 
Solway  Firth  below  Kirkcudbright.     Length,  50  miles. 

Deeds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Peru. 

Deedsville,  a  hamlet  of  Iowa.    See  Merrimac. 

Deeg,  a  town  and  fortress  of  India,  67  miles  N.W.  of 
Agra.     There  are  here  the  ruins  of  7  remarkably  fine  palaces. 

Deegoa,  de-go'fl,,  a  large  walled  town  of  Bornoo,  in  Cen- 
tral Africa,  60  miles  S.  of  Kooka.     Pop.  30,000(?). 

Deel,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the  Orrery  Mountains, 
and  flows  into  the  Shannon. 

Deen,  a  river  of  England.     See  Dean. 

Deep  Bottom,  a  hamlet  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
N.  side  of  James  River,  12  miles  by  land  and  20  by  water 
below  Richmond,  opposite  Jones'  Neck.  It  was  an  impor- 
tant strategic  point  during  a  part  of  the  war  of  1861-65. 

Deep  Brook,  or  Clem'ents  West,  a  post-village 
in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis. 
Pop.  100. 

Deep  Clove  Creek,  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  rises  at  the 
S.E.  base  of  the  Blue  Mountain,  and  enters  the  Wallkill 
River  a  little  below  Deckertown. 

Deep  Creek,  of  Indiana,  runs  eastward  and  north- 
ward, in  Lake  co.,  and  enters  the  Calumet  River. 

Deep  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  the  Tar 
River  a  few  miles  above  Tarborough. 

Deep  Creek,  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  enters  the  Kiowee 
River  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 


Deep  Creek,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  987 
It  is  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Clinton  to  Anamosa 
Deep  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 
Deep   Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co..  SC     is 
miles  W.  of  Cheraw.  '  " 

Deep  Creek,  Texas.    See  Callahan. 
Deep  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va    on 
the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  10  miles  S.  of  Norfolk.     It'hai 
4  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Deep  Creek  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co 
Washington,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Cheney.    It  has 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Deep  River,  of  North  Carolina,  was  called  Sappo> 
nah  by  the  Indians.  It  rises  in  Guilford  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.E.  direction  through  Randolph  co.,  and  subsequently 
flowing  nearly  eastward,  it  unites  with  the  Haw  River  at 
Haywood  in  Chatham  co.,  forming  by  this  union  the  Cape 
Fear  River.  The  length  of  the  Deep  River  is  estimated  at 
130  miles.     Coal  is  found  on  its  banks  in  Chatham  co. 

Deep  River,  a  post- village  in  Saybrook  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Conn.,  is  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford,  and  about  20  miles  W. 
of  New  London.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  combs,  ivory  goods,  piano  and  organ  key-boards,  and 
wood-turning.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Deep  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ross 
township,  on  Deep  Creek,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Valparaiso. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Deep  River,  a  post- village  in  Deep  River  township, 
Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  70  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1055. 

Deep  River,  a  post- village  in  Deep  River  township, 
Bay  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A  Saginaw  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  large  lumber-mill 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  266. 

Deep  River,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Guilford 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  Deep  River,  6  miles  E.  of  High  Point.    It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1071. 
Deep  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C. 
Deep  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Bellton,  W.Va. 

Deep  Water,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Clinton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  manufactures  of  sewer-pipe.  Potter's 
and  brick-clay  and  coal  are  found  here.  Pop.  1102. 
Deep  Water,  W.Va.  See  Loop  Creek. 
Deep  Water  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Bates  co.,  runs 
E.,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  the  S.  part  of  Henry  co. 

Deep  Wells,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 
Deer,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Dbrr. 
Deer,  or  Old  Deer,  written  also  Deir,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  and  26  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.    Pop.  311; 
of  the  parish,  5085.    It  has  relics  of  an  old  Cistercian  mon- 
astery, which  gave  name  to  the  "  Book  of  Deir,"  a  work 
important  to  students  of  Gaelic  philology.    See  New  Deer. 
Deer  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Brookville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Deer  Creek,  California,  runs  southwestward  in  Te- 
hama CO.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River  about  18  milM 
below  Red  Bluff. 

Deer  Creek,  Indiana,  drains  part  of  Miami  co.,  runs 
westward  through  Cass  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  1 
or  2  miles  S.W.  of  Delphi. 

Deer  Creek,  Maryland,  runs  southeastward  and  east- 
ward, intersects  Harford  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  about  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Deer  Creek,  Mississippi.    See  Issaquena  Creek. 
Deer  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southeastward  through  Madi- 
son and  Pickaway  cos.,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in  Ross 
CO.,  12  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 
Deer  Creek,  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  enters  the  Alle- 
ghany River  a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  in 
Deer  Creek  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria.  The 
township  is  drained  by  the  Mackinaw  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  763. 

Deer  Creek,  or  West  Sono'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deer  Creek,  in  Washington  township,  10 
miles  S.  of  Logansport. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  traversed  by  Deer 
Creek.     Pop.,  including  Delphi,  3458. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1271. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  traversed 

by  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad.     Pop.  1173. 


DEE 


1015 


DEE 


Deer  Creek,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.    Pop,  698. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.   P.  301. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  342. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas.    P.  793. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Carter  co.,  Ky. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  10  miles 
from  Aberdeen. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
in  Deerlield  township,  9  miles  S.  of  Gaines  Station,  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     P.  47. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1057. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Neb.,  about 
60  miles  N,N,W.  of  Columbus. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co,,  0,  Pop.  823. 
It  contains  Lafayette. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  about 
28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Pop.  of  Deer  Creek  town- 
ship, 1458. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  oc,  Pa.    Pop.  579. 

Deer  Creek,  a  station  in  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Amer- 
ican Fork  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E,  of  American  Fork.  It 
is  the  present  terminus  of  the  road. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.   P.  310. 

Deer'field,  a  river  of  Vermont,  rises  in  Windham  co., 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  and  falls  into  the  Connecticut 
River  near  Greenfield,  Mass.  It  is  nearly  100  miles  long, 
and  affords  much  water-power. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  bounded  W. 
by  Spoon  River.     Pop,  907, 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  township.  Lake 
CO,,  111,,  on  the  Chicago  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  24  miles  N, 
of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  This  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E,  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  contains  a  village  named 
Highland  Park.     Pop,  of  township,  1525, 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co,,  Ind,,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  about  1  mile  from  Deerfield  Station, 
which  is  on  the  railroad  between  Hartford  and  Union  City, 
8  miles  N.  of  Winchester,  and  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Union 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Deerfield  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Wapsipinicon  River, 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Charles  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  township,  710. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kearney  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  by  rail  E,  by  N,  of  Lakin,     It  has  a  store,  <fcc. 

Deerfield.  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co,.  Mass,,  in 
Deerfield  township,  on  or  near  the  Deerfield  River,  and  on 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  33  miles  N,  of  Springfield, 
and  3  or  4  miles  S,  of  Greenfield,  It  contains  the  Deerfield 
Academy  and  High  School,  and  2  churches.  This  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
also  traversed  by  the  Troy  &  Greenfield  Railroad,  It  con- 
tains a  portion  of  Greenfield  village,  also  a  village  named 
South  Deerfield,  and  has  7  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
pocket-books.     Pop.  in  1890,  2910. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1072. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Deerfield  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  &  Canada  South- 
ern Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  staves.  Pop.  of  village  in  1890,  421; 
of  the  township,  1548. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Livingston  oo.,  Mich.  P.  1072. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1260,     It  contains  the  village  of  Morley. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan.  Pop.  860,  Deerfield  Station  is  at  Mc- 
Donald, in  Bangor  township, 

Deerfield,  a  post-township  of  Steele  CO.,  Minn,,  10  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Faribault,     It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  793, 

Deerfield,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Vernon  oo.. 
Mo,,  on  the  Marmiton  River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
A  Texas  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kansas,  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  general  stores,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  stone-ware  and  pottery.     Pop.  in  1890,  239. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fergus  co,,  Montana,  15 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  W,  of  Lewistown, 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N,H,,  in 
Deerfield  township,  about  16  miles  E,S,E,  of  Concord.  The 
township  is  hilly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1220.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Deerfield  Centre. 

Deerfield,  or  Deerfield  Corners,  a  post-village 
In  Deerfield  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk 


River,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  or  3  churobes, 
a  varnish-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Here  is  Deerfield 
Post-Office,    Pop,  of  the  township,  2104. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  MTorgan  co,,  0.  Pop,  981. 
It  contains  Triadelphia, 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  township.  Portage 
CO,,  0,,  about  25  miles  N,E,  of  Canton,  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  has  3  grist-mills,  4  saw-mills,  and  a  pop,  of  1025. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Ross  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1223.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Greenland  and  Clarksburg. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop.  1965. 
It  contains  Twenty-Mile  Stand  and  Mason. 

Deerfield,  a  village  in  Union  township,  Warren  co., 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Lebanon. 
Pop,  274. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  New 
York  line.     Pop,  665,  exclusive  of  Knoxville. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Warren  co,.  Pa,,  in  the  oil- 
region,  on  the  W.  of  the  Alleghany  River,  is  traversed  by  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  It  contains  Tidioute,  Fagun- 
dus,  and  Enterprise,     Pop,  2324,  exclusive  of  Tidioute. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va,,  about  20 
miles  W,  of  Staunton, 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Dane  oo,.  Wis,,  in  Deerfield 
township,  18  miles  by  rail  E,  of  Madison,  It  has  a  church, 
a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon- 
factory.     Pop,  in  1890,  338;  of  the  township,  1573. 

Deerfield  Centre,  Michigan.    See  Madison, 

Deerfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N,H.,  in  Deerfield  township,  about  16  miles  E.S,E,  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  3  churches,  district  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  doors,  sash,  and  blinds,  and  shoes.    Pop.  of  township,  1220. 

Deerfield  Corners,  New  York.    See  Deerfield, 

Deerfield  Street,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 
N,J,,  6  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Bridgeton,  It  has  2  churches, 
a  canning-factory,  and  a  seminary.     Pop,  about  500. 

Deer  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  on 
the  Mendota  A  Clinton  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Mendota. 

Deer'ing,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co,.  Me,, 
adjoining  Portland,  is  on  the  Maine  Central,  Portland  A 
Rochester,  Portland  A  Ogdensburg,  and  Portland  Horse  Rail- 
roads, It  contains  Steven's  Plains,  East  Deering,  Stroud- 
water,  Woodford's  Corners  and  other  villages,  and  is  the 
seat  of  extensive  and  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  5353. 

Deering,  a  post-township  of  HiUsborongh  co.,  N.H., 
about  18  miles  S,W,  of  Concord.  It  has  an  academy  and 
2  churches.     Pop,  722. 

Deering  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co,,  Me,,  in 
Deering  township,  on  Casoo  Bay.  It  is  connected  with 
Portland  by  a  bridge, 

Deering's,  a  station  in  Greenup  co,,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Riverton, 

Deer  Island,  New  Brunswick,  is  in  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  near  its  entrance,  on  the  S,W.  side.  It  is  about  7 
miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.    Pop,  1000,    See  Fairhaven, 

Deer  Island,  a  small  island  of  Newfoundland,  12 
miles  from  Burgeo,     Pop,  59, 

Deer  Island,  one  of  a  group  in  the  district  of  Bona- 
vista,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Green's  Pond,     Pop,  77. 

Deer  Island,  an  island  of  Ireland,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
the  estuary  of  the  Fergus,  about  6  miles  below  Clare, 

Deer  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Boston,  Mass.,  contains 
the  Boston  Almshouse,  a  house  of  reformation,  house  of 
industry,  Ac.     Pop,  1001. 

Deer  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, in  Macassar  Strait.     Lat.  5°  9'  S,;  Ion,  119°  14'  E. 

Deer  Isle,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in 
Deer  Isle  township,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  about  28  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  high  school  and  2  churches. 
The  township  is  an  island  nearly  10  miles  long,  with  two 
smaller  islands  and  some  islets.  Many  of  its  inhabitants 
are  employed  in  the  fisheries.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Green's  Landing,  and  has  5  churches.     Pop.  3414. 

Deer  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  11  miles 
N.  of  Bryan. 

Deer  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W,  Va,,  about 
25  miles  S,E,  of  Gallipolis,  0.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Deer  Lodge,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mon- 
tana, is  drained  by  the  Hell  Gate,  Teton,  Sun,  and  Black  - 
foot  Rivers,  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  this  county 
is  situated  on  the  summit  and  both  sides  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Here  are  extensive  prairies  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  but  is  mostly 
uncultivated,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  people  is  chiefly 
derived  from  gold-mines  (hydraulic  and  placer).  Capital, 
Deer  Lodge  City.     Large  forests  of  fir  and  pine  grow  od 


DEE 


1016 


DEI 


the  mountains.  The  fertile  valley  of  Deer  Lodge  River  is 
about  40  miles  long.  Area,  5085  square  miles.  Capital, 
Deer  Lodge  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  4367 ;  in  1880,  8876 ;  in 
1890,  16,165. 

Deer  Lodge,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Wartburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  district  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-mills. 

Deer  Lodge  City,  the  capital  of  Deer  Lodge  co., 
Montana,  on  Deer  Lodge  River,  40  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W. 
of  Butte  City.  Gold  and  silver  are  its  staple  products.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  Presbyterian  college,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  Catholic  school  and  hospital.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1463. 

Deer  Lodge  Creek,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  runs  north- 
ward, and  forms  part  of  the  Hell  Gate  River. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  saw-  and  planing-mills. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  about 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  802. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Gar- 
rett CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles 
B.W.  of  Cumberland,  and  226  miles  from  Baltimore.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  superior  hotel  built  by  the  railroad  com- 
pany.    It  is  about  3000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Deer  Park,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  contiguous 
to  Port  Jervis,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  is  drained  by  the  Neversink  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Erie  Railroad.     Pop.,  with  Port  Jervis,  11,115. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Babylon  township,  Suf- 
folk CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

Deer  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  III. 

Deer  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
N.  of  La  Belle  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Deer  River,  a  post-village  in  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Deer 
River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lowville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  cheese-boxes 
and  axe-handles.     Pop.  about  200. 

Deer  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Deers'ville,  or  Deer'ville,  a  post- village  in  Franklin 
township,  Harrison  co.,  0.,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cadiz.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  graded  school,  and  a  steam 
flour-mill.     Pop.  306. 

Deer  Tail  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Chippewa  co., 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  in  the 
same  county. 

Deer  Trail,  a  post-village  of  Arapahoe  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  E.  of  Denver.  It  has  3 
hotels  and  2  stores,  and  is  a  shipping-point  for  cattle. 

Deer  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  about  12,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Deer  Walk,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dees,  dais  or  daiz,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  of  Szol- 
nok,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Great  and  Little  Szamos,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Klausenburg.  It  is  a  depot  for  salt  raised 
in  its  vicinity,  and  has  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  5832. 

Dee'sa,  a  town  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  88  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Ahmedabad.  It  is  hot  and  unhealthy,  but  near  it  is  the 
fine  salubrious  retrtfat  of  Mount  Aboo. 

Deeth,  a  post-office  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  and  a  station 
on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  239  miles  W.  of  Ogden. 

Deets'ville,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Defi'ance,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  414  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Maumee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Auglaize  and  Tiffin 
Rivers,  which  enter  the  Maumee  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Jack- 
son &  Mackinaw  Railroad,  and  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal. 
Capital,  Defiance.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,719  ;  in  1880,  22,515  j 
in  1890,  25,769. 

Defiance,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Shelby  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  West  Nishnabatona  River,  52  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Council  Bluflfs,  and  12  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Harlan.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  323. 

Defiance,  a  village  of  Worth  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Platte 
River,  15  miles  E.  of  Hopkins.  It  has  a  flouring-mill  and 
2  or  3  churches  in  the  vicinity. 


Defiance,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Maumee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Auglaize,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  48  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  has  12  churches,  a  court-house,  3 
banks,  a  union  school,  a  college,  a  woollen-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufactories  of  farming-im- 
plements, sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Five  weekly  and  2  daily  news- 
papers arc  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7694. 

De  Foe,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

De  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Warwick  co.,  Ind.,  about 

3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Boonville. 

De  Forest,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  4  church  organizations,  a 
harness-  and  box-factory,  a  planing-mill,  a  feed-mill,  Ao. 
Pop.  about  230. 

De  Fn'niak  Springs,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Walton 
CO.,  Fla.,  80  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pensacola.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill, 
<fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  672. 

Degagnac,  d^h-g&n^y3,k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Gourdon.     Pop.  2023. 

Dege  Agh,  or  Degeaghatch.    See  Dede  Agatch. 

Degerloch,  di'gh§r-loK\  a  village  of  Wtirtemberg,  H 
miles  S.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1867. 

Degesby,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  Lowisa. 

Deggendorf,  d5g'gh§n-doRf\  or  Deck'endorf^  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  and  on  a  railway,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Passau.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  hospitals,  brewer- 
ies, distilleries,  tanneries,  and  potteries.     Pop.  5462. 

Deggingen,  d8g'ghing-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Geislingen.     Pop.  1807. 

Deghicze,  or  Deghitche,  dd,-ghee'ch&,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Vilna,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yoor- 
boorg.     Pop.  1100. 

De  Glaize  Bayou,  d^h  glkz  bi'oo,  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  communicates  with  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 

Deglia,  dil'yi,  or  Delia,  di'le-i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  3660. 

Degnizli,  dfin^yiz-lee',  or  Denizli,  dfinMz-lee',  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Ala-Shehr.  It  is  enclosed 
by  mountains  and  vine-clad  hills,  and  has  a  castle,  several 
mosques,  and  bazaars ;  but  it  has  never  regained  the  im- 
portance it  had  previous  to  1715,  when  it  was  destroyed  by 
an  earthquake  and  12,000  of  its  inhabitants  are  said  to 
have  perished.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Dego,  di'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.  of  Acqui. 
Pop.  2140. 

Dego'nia,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     Pop.  470. 

De  GraflT,  a  post-village  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  in  an  open 
prairie,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  127  miles  W.  of 
St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church. 

De  Grafi*,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township,  Logan 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Colum- 
bus &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellefon- 
taine,  and  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  bank, 

4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  planing-mill,  and  2  grain-elevators.     Pop.  in  1890, 112(i. 

Dehak,  d§-hS,k',  or  Dohak,  dg-hik',  a  village  of  Persia, 
in  Irak-Ajemee,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Deh-i-H^ee,  di'-ee-hi'jee\  a  town  of  Afghanistan, 
20  miles  S.  of  Candahar.     Pop.  2000. 

Dehli,  a  city  of  India.     See  Delhi. 

Dehr,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Derr. 

Dehra,  dfin'ri  or  di'ri,  called  also  Dehra  (or  Dey- 
rah)  Doon,  dSn'ri  doon,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
Dehra  Doon.     Lat.  30°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  5'  E.     Pop.  6847, 

Dehra  Doon  (or  Dun),  din'ri  doon,  a  district  of  the 
North-West  Provinces,  British  India,  division  of  Meernt. 
Lat.  29°  57'-30°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  37'  15"-78°  22'  45"  B. 
It  consists  of  the  valley  (doon)  of  Dehra  (area,  673  square 
miles),  and  of  the  hill  tract  called  Jaunsar  Bawar  (area, 
343  square  miles),  the  former  having  the  Ganges  on  the  B 
and  the  Jumna  on  the  W.     Capital,  Dehra.     Pop.  116,953. 

Dehrung,  a  district  of  Assam.     See  Durrung. 

Deibler's,  di'bl^rz,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  E.  of  Sunbury. 

Deidesheim,  di'des-hime\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria, 4  miles- by  rail  N.  of  Neustadt-an-der-Hardt.     P.  2697. 

Dei  Lucus,  the  Latin  name  of  Gadebusch. 

Deinum,  di'niim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  3  miles  W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  400. 

Deir,  or  Dair,  dir  or  dir,  an  Arabian  word  signifying 
a  "monastery,"  forming  the  name  or  the  prefix  to  the 
names  of  various  places  in  Palestine  and  Egypt. 


DEI 


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]>eir,  or  Der,  dir,  a  town  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the 

Knphrates,  near  35°  10'  N.  lat. 
Dcir^  a  villuge  of  Scotland.     See  Deer. 
Deira^  di'ri,  a  river  and  plain  of  Persia,  in  Khoozis- 
tan, — the  river  an  affluent  of  the  Holwan  River,  S.W.  of 
!  Zobab,  and  the  plain  it  traverses  the  place  of  a  breeding- 
stud  famous  tliroughout  Persia. 

j  Deira^  di'vi,  or  dd,'r&,  the  name  of  one  of  the  two  sov- 
ereignties into  which  the  Anglo-Saxon  kingdom  of  North- 
umberland was  divided. 

Deir-el-Kainer  (or  -Kammcr),  dir-fil-kim'^r,  or 
Dair-eI-Kaiiiar,dIr-fil-kim'ar,  in  Syria,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Beyroot,  on  the  road  to  Damascus,  is  the  chief  town  of 
the  Western  Druses. 

Deiroot,  or  Dcirut,  di-root',  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
province  and  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rosetta,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile. 

Dcisslingen,  dls'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W,  of  Tiibingen.    Pop.  1810. 
Dejebel,  a  province  of  Arabia.     See  Jebel. 
Dejtar,  diHau',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neograd, 
5  miles  from  Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  1200. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  7B0  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  several  small  affluents  of  the  Tennessee 
!!liver  and  by  AVills  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
))icturcsque  scenery.  Among  the  prominent  features  is  a 
;idge  called  Lookout  Mountain,  between  which  and  another 
}idge  is  the  long  fertile  valley  of  Wills  Creek.  Indian  corn, 
Theat,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
l)y  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route  Railroad,  which  passes 
hrough  Fort  Payne,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7126;  in 
1880,  12,675;  in  1890,  21,106. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Geor- 
jia,  has  an  area  of  about  269  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
m  the  N.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also  drained 
>y  the  South  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and 
jxtensively  covered  with  forests.  The  much  admired  Stone 
Mountain,  which  is  about  2200  feet  high,  is  in  this  county, 
.[ndian  corn,  cotton,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products. 
Granite  is  abundant  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
lihe  Georgia  Railroad,  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
und  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  the 
:brmer  passing  through  Decatur,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
:?op.  in  1870,  10,014;  in  1880,  14,497;  in  1890,  17,189. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
urea  of  648  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Sycamore  Creek 
or  South  Kishwaukee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  prairies  of  this  county  are 
more  extensive  than  the  woodlands.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
]?heat,  hay,  barley,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
'.'.t  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City,  and  other  railroads,  the 
two  named  passing  through  Sycamore,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,265;  in  1880,  26,768  ;  in  1890,  27,066. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  .area  of  370  square  miles.     It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Joseph  River  (branch  of  the  Maumee) 
und  by  Cedar  Creek.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  nearly  one-half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  ash,  beech,  white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.     This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and   the   Lake  Shore   &, 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  two  latter  communicating 
with  Auburn,  the   capital   of  the  county.     Pop.  in    1870, 
17,167;  in  1880,  20,225;  in  1890,  24,307. 
De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
I   an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  the 
i  Grindstone  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  by  Livingston  and 
Maiden  Creeks.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.     This  county  has  extensive  prairies,  and 
I  is  liberally  supplied  with  hard  timber  and  building-stone. 
j   Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
It   is  intersected  by  the    Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy, 
j   Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  and  Kansas   City,  St.  Joseph  A 
Council   Bluffs   Railroads.     Capital,  Maysville.     Pop.  in 
1870,  9858;  in  1880,  13,334;  in  1890,  14,539. 
j       De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  310  square  miles.     The  eastern   por- 
I    tion  of  the  county  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Caney 
I    Fork  of  Cumberland  River,  which  forms  its  S.E.  boundary. 
I    The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork 
I    are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Smithville.    Pop.  in  1870, 

11,425;  in  1880,  14,813;  in  1890,  15,650. 
I  65 


De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of  Chicago, 
and  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  extensive  manu- 
factures of  barb  wire,  together  with  manufactures  of  butter, 
cheese,  shoes,  lever  harrows,  disc  cultivators,  sash,  doors, 
blinds,  flour,  gloves,  mittens,  wire,  and  wire  fences.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2579. 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  church  organizations 
and  a  district  school.  The  name  of  its  station  is  St.  John. 
Pop.  about  100. 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss., 
13  miles  W.  of  Scooba,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Meridian. 
It  has  a  court-house  and  5  churches.  Two  miles  distant  is 
Suearnooehee  Creek,  a  good  mill-stream.  Pop.  in  1890, 240. 
De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  18  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Atchison,  Kansas.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
bank.     Pop.  about  300. 

De  Kalb,  a  post- village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 

the  Oswegatchie  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  De  Kalb  Junction, 

and  about  7  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches, 

a  district  school,  a  saw-mill,  and  oheese-factories.    Pop.  250. 

De  Kalb,  Crawford  co.,  0.     See  Tiro. 

De  Kalb,  a  township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  8619. 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 

Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  34   miles  W.  of  Texarkana.     It 

has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper 

office.     Pop.  in  1890,  420. 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Little  Kanawha  River,  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

De  Kalb  Junction,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fe  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  same,  19  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Ogdensburg. 

Dekkan,  a  country  of  India.     See  Deccan. 
Dekor'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in  De- 
korra  township,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
5  or  6  miles  S.  of  Portage  City.     Pop.  85.     The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Poynette.     Total  pop.  1386. 

De  Ko'ven,  a  mining  post-town  of  Union  co.,  TCy.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Morganfield.  It  has  a  church  organi- 
zation and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Del'afield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  <$;  Southeastern  Railroad,  97  miles  E.S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 
Del  afield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  294. 
Delafield,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  Wis.,  on  Bark  River,  2  miles  from  Nashota  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  26  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is 
near  several  small  lakes,  and  has  2  flour-mills,  a  public 
school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

DePago'a  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  in 
Africa,  55  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  by  20  miles  across. 
Lat.  of  Cape  St.  Mary,  Inyack  Island,  25°  58'  S.,  Ion.  33* 
15'  E.  The  bay  receives  the  Manice  River,  or  King  George 
River,  from  the  N.,  and  the  Mapoota,  or  Oosootoo  (Usutu), 
from  the  S.,  and  has  on  its  W.  side  an  estuary  termed  Eng- 
lish River.  The  Portuguese  have  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
bay  a  town  called  Lourenzo  Marquez. 

Delan'co,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden,  and 
5  miles  below  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  shoes,  bricks,  pickles,  and  mustard.  Pop.  600. 
De  Lan'cey,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ilamden  township,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Delhi.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  feed-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
wagon -factory,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  175. 

De  Land,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Beresford,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Enterprise.  It 
has  9  churches,  a  bank,  4  newspaper  oflSces,  a  high  school, 
machine-works,  orange-sizer  works,  refrigerator-works,  Ac 
Pop.  1113.     It  is  a  great  health  resort. 

Deland',  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Monticello.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  2  grain-elevators,  and  manu- 
factures of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  400. 

Dela'ney's,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  7  miles  W,  of  Clayton. 

Delaney's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.T.,  8 
miles  from  Bridgewater  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Delaney's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
Ind.,  13  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  80. 

Delano,  de]'q,-no,  a  post-office  of  Kern  oo.,  Cal.,  on  tiM 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  197  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton. 


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1018 


DEfi 


Pelano,  a  post-village  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  32  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Bakersfield. 

Delano,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
(direct)  N.E,  of  Forest  City. 

Delano,  a  post-village  of  "Wright  co.,  Minn.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Crow  River,  and  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W,  of  St.  Paul. 
Elevation,  918  feet.  It  has  12  stores,  a  grist-mill,  3  hotels, 
a  furniture-factory,  an  elevator,  an  engine-house,  a  news- 
paper, 3  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  500. 

Delano,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Delano,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in  Rush 
t(jwnship,  on  Broad  Mountain,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  near  the  point  where  it  crosses 
the  Catawissa  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mahanoy  City. 
It  has  a  public  library,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad. 
Pop.  about  450. 

Delan'ti,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Eldora 
township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  1  mile  from  Giflford  Station, 
and  about  5  miles  below  Eldora.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Delanti,  a  village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stockton 
township,  2  miles  from  Cassadaga  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.  The  name  of 
it^  post-office  is  Stockton.     Pop.  245. 

De  la  Plaine,  a  village  of  Greene  co..  Ark.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  138  miles  N.E. 
of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

DePaplane',  or  DePaplaine',  formerly  Pied- 
mont, a  post- village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Manassas 
division  of  the  Richmond  Sc  Danville  Railroad,  63  miles 
W.  of  Alexandria,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Warrenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

De  Large  Bayou,  d^h  larzb  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  runs 
B.W.  in  Terre  Bonne  parish,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

De  Las'sus,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  87  miles 
B.  of  St.  Louis,  and  2i  miles  from  Farmington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  printing-ofiice,  and  a  flour-mill.  Copper,  zinc, 
and  plumbago  are  said  to  be  found  here. 

Delatyn,  ddl'&-teen,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  on 
the  Pruth,  10  miles  S.  of  Nadworna.     Pop.  3260. 

DePavan',  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  in  Dela- 
vau  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Pekin  division  of  the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evans- 
rille  Railroad,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomington,  and  24 
miles  S,  of  Peoria.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churchps,  and  a 
graded  school.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  1176;  of  the  township,  2140. 

Delavan,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas. 

Delavan,  or  Delavan  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  34  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albert 
Lea,  and  10  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Blue  Earth  City.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  252. 

Delavan,  a  post-village  in  Delavan  township,  Walworth 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Turtle  Creek,  and  on  the  southwestern  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Elkhorn,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Madison. 
It  contains  a  graded  school,  2  state  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  which  was 
founded  by  the  state.  It  has  also  2  cheese-factories,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  carriages,  and  windmills. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2038  J  of  the  township,  2715. 

Delawan'na,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Boonton  Branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Paterson. 

Delaware,  dJl'a-war,  a  river  formed  by  two  branches, 
sometimes  called  the  Coquago  and  the  Popacton,  which  rise 
in  New  York  near  the  N.E.  border  of  Delaware  co.,  and 
unite  at  Hancock,  in  the  same  county.  From  this  point  it 
runs  southeastward,  forming  the  boundary  between  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  until  it  reaches  Port  Jervis  and 
touches  the  northern  extremity  of  New  Jersey.  Confronted 
here  by  the  impassable  barrier  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain, 
it  changes  its  course  and  runs  southwestward  along  the  base 
of  that  ridge  to  the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  near  Stroudsburg, 
Pa.  At  this  place,  which  is  remarkable  for  picturesque 
Bcenery,  the  river  has  found  or  formed  a  passage  through 
the  mountain,  and  runs  in  a  narrow  gorge  2  or  3  miles  long, 
between  precipices  which  rise  on  each  side  about  1400  feet 
above  the  water.  After  it  has  passed  by  Easton  it  runs 
Boutheastward  to  Bordentown,  and  thence  southwestward  to 
Philadelphia,  about  40  miles  below  which  it  expands  into  the 
estuary  called  Delaware  Bay  (which  see).     This  river  fornis 


the  entire  boundary  between  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania. 
The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  estimated  at  350  miles. 
It  is  about  f  of  a  mile  wide  at  Philadelphia,  and  2  or  3 
miles  wide  at  some  points  below  that  city.  The  tide  ascends 
to  Trenton,  about  130  miles  from  the  sea.  The  chief  towns 
on  its  banks  are  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  Camden,  Ches- 
ter, Trenton,  and  Easton.  It  is  navigable  for  the  largest 
ships  to  Philadelphia,  and  steamboats  can  ascend  to  Trenton 
during  high  tide.  The  latter  city  is  the  lowest  point  at 
which  the  river  is  crossed  by  a  bridge.  A  canal  has  been 
opened  along  the  right  bank  of  this  river  from  Bristol  to 
Easton,  about  60  miles,  and  2  other  canals  connect  the  Del- 
aware with  the  Hudson  River. 

Delaware,  one  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states,  in  area 
the  smallest  state  in  the  Union  except  Rhode  Island,  ig 
bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Delaware  River  and 
Bay  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  S.  and  W.  by  Maryland. 
Its  length  (from  38°  28'  to  39°  50'  N.  lat.)  is  96  miles;  its 
breadth  ranges  from  9  to  37  miles  (75°  to  75°  46'  W.  Ion.). 
Area,  2050  square  miles,  more  than  one-half  of  which  con- 
sists of  cultivated  farm-lands. 

Face  of  the  Cotintry,  and  Geology. — The  N.  portion  is 
finely  diversified  with  hill  and  dale,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
fertile,  beautiful,  and  healthful  tracts  in  the  state.  South- 
ward the  surface  is  nearly  a  dead  level,  relieved  by  a  long  low 
ridge  or  watershed  running  N.  and  S.,  and  having  numer 
ous  swampy  tracts,  whence  flow  to  the  E.  and  W.  most  of  the 
streams  of  the  state.  The  southern  portion  is  sandy,  with 
large  marshes,  of  which  the  Cypress  Swamp,  12  miles  long 
and  6  miles  wide,  is  the  principal.  This  swamp  abounds  in 
cypress,  cedar,  and  other  timber  trees.  Along  the  coast  there 
are  salt  marshes,  and  some  shallow  lagoons  fenced  from  the 
open  sea  by  long,  low  sand-spits, — the  sounds  of  North  Caro- 
lina in  miniature.  The  interior  of  the  state  has  much  light 
soil,  which  is  easily  and  profitably  cultivated.  Kaolin,  bog- 
iron,  glass-sand,  and  shell-marl  are  found,  and  the  three 
former  are  wrought  to  some  extent.  The  northern  half 
of  New  Castle  co.  is  of  cretaceous  age.  S.  of  this  the  for- 
mation is  tertiary  as  far  as  the  Murderkill;  and  all  the 
remainder  of  the  state  is  post-tertiary  or  alluvial.  Prom 
some  of  the  swamps  large  quantities  of  well-preserved  and 
excellent  timber  have  been  dug  and  wrought  into  shingles. 
There  are  useful  chalybeate  waters  at  Faulkland,  in  the  N. 

Agricultural  Products. — Delaware,  once  celebrated  for 
her  excellent  wheat,  still  produces  bountiful  crops  of  that 
grain  and  of  the  other  cereals,  especially  of  maize.  But  of 
late  years  the  production  of  fruit,  notably  of  peaches,  with 
strawberries  and  the  other  small  fruits,  has  been  the  leading 
industry.  Market-gardening,  and  particularly  the  raising 
of  early  spring  vegetables  for  the  supply  of  the  Northern 
cities,  has  attracted  much  capital.  The  excellent  natural 
facilities  for  navigation,  with  the  large  recent  extension  of 
railroads,  have  greatly  stimulated  these  pursuits,  for  which 
the  fertile  soil  and  genial  climate  of  Delaware  give  the  state 
a  special  fitness. 

Interval  Improvements,  tt;c. — The  rivers  and  creeks  of  the 
state  are  generally  navigable  for  the  lower  part  of  their 
courses,  and  Christiana  Creek  admits  merchant-vessels  of 
considerable  tonnage.  Delaware  Bay  and  Delaware  River 
have  a  deep  but  not  very  direct  channel,  and  the  western 
shore  of  the  bay  at  most  points  is  not  readily  accessible  for 
large  vessels.  Rehoboth  Bay  admits  vessels  of  6  feet  draught 
The  Delaware  &  Chesapeake  Canal,  finished  in  1829  at  a 
cost  of  $2,250,000,  extends  13i  miles  from  Delaware  City  to 
Chesapeake  City,  Md.,  and  afl"ords  passage  for  coasting-ves- 
sels,  canal-boats,  barges,  and  small  steamers.  Another  canal 
connects  Salem  Creek  and  Delaware  River,  and  a  ship-eanal 
is  projected  to  extend  from  Delaware  Bay  to  Sassafras  Kiver 
in  Maryland.  In  this  connection  should  be  mentioned  the 
noble  breakwater  at  Lewes,  begun  in  1828  by  the  United 
States  government,  and  now  extending  2589  feet,  with  an 
ice-breaker  of  1500  feet.  It  was  constructed  to  afford  a 
harbor  of  refuge,  and  for  this  purpose  it  has  proved  emi- 
nently serviceable.  Its  cost  has  been  $2,123,505.  It  is 
constructed  of  loose  blocks  of  stone  weighing  from  500  to 
15,000  pounds  each. 

Railroads. — Delaware  is  well  supplied  with  railroads, 
which  connect  the  important  towns  of  the  state  and  estab- 
lish communication  with  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and 
Washington,  and  with  all  sections  of  the  country.  In  1890 
there  were  315  miles  of  railroad  in  operation  within  the 
limits  of  the  state. 

Manufactures  are  carried  on  chiefly  in  Wilmington  and 
its  vicinity.  The  manufactured  articles  are  quite  various, 
and  include  leather  and  leathern  goods,  shipping  (iron  and 
wood),  machinery,  cottons,  woollens,  cars  and  carriages, 
flour,  canned  fruits,  gunpowder,  lumber,  cast  and  wrought 


jJ±)L 


1019 


DEL 


iron,  hardware,  paper,  tobacco,  car-wheels,  morocco,  matches, 
I  and  chemicals.     Wilmington  alone  has  turned  out  more 

ithan  $20,000,000  worth  of  manufactured  goods  in  one  year. 
Finances. — The  state  debt  was  incurred  entirely  for  war 
purposes  and  for  loans  to  railroads.  In  1890  it  amounted 
\  to  $905,460,  with  securities  in  the  treasury  sufficient  to  meet 
■  a  large  portion  of  the  indebtedness.  There  is  no  tax  on 
I  property.  The  revenue  is  derived  from  the  railroads, 
I  licenses,  and  the  collateral  inheritance  tax. 
j  Counties  and  Towns. — There  are  3  counties,  viz..  New  Cas- 
I  Ue,  in  the  N.,  pop.  (1890)  97,182;  Kent,  in  the  centre,  pop. 
I  32,664;  and  Sussex,  in  the  S.,  pop.  38,647.  The  principal 
(  towns  are  Wilmington,  a  thriving  manufacturing  city  and 
railroad  centre  (pop.  in  1890,  61,431),  Dover,  the  capital, 
I  New  Castle,  Smyrna,  Delaware  City,  North  Milford,  South 
j  Milford,  Laurel,  Seaford,  Georgetown,  and  Lewes. 

Education. — By  an  act  of  legislature,  in  1887,  the  offices 
of  state  superintendent  and  assistant  superintendents  were 
abolished.  Each  county  now  has  its  own  superintendent, 
and  these  officers,  with  the  secretary  of  state  and  the  presi- 
dent of  Delaware  College,  constitute  the  state  board  of  ed- 
ucation. Since  1888,  Delaware  College  has  grown  in  pop- 
ularity, and  the  attendance  has  greatly  increased.  An 
agricultural  experimental  station  has  been  established. 
There  is  a  permanent  school-fund  of  nearly  $500,000,  and 
the  annual  disbursement  amounts  to  nearly  $100,000.  A 
separate  system  of  schools  is  provided  tor  colored  children. 
Among  the  prominent  educational  institutions  are  Wesleyan 
Female  College,  the  City  Normal  School,  Rugby  Academy, 
and  boys'  and  girls'  high  schools,  at  Wilmington ;  the 
Methodist  Conference  Academy,  at  Dover;  the  seminary 
at  Felton  ;  another  at  Frederica;  academies  at  Georgetown, 
Lewes,  Middletown,  Milford,  Milton,  Smyrna, Wyoming,  Ac. 
Churches. — The  leading  religious  denominations  are  (in 
the  order  named)  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  by  far  the 
strongest  denomination  in  the  state,  Presbyterians,  Protest- 
uit  Episcopalians,  Roman  Catholics,  Friends,  and  Baptists. 
Constitution,  &c. — The  first  constitution  was  adopted  in 
1776 ;  a  second  was  adopted  in  1792,  and,  with  subsequent 
modifications,  is  still  in  force.  The  governor  is  elected  for 
four  years.  Voters  must  have  lived  in  the  state  one  year 
next  previous  to  the  day  of  voting,  and  one  month  in  the 
district  where  they  vote.  The  senate  consists  of  3  members 
from  each  county  (nine  in  all),  chosen  for  four  years;  the 
house  of  representatives  has  21  members,  7  from  each  county. 
The  legislature  is  called  the  general  assembly,  and  meets 
biennially.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  are 
removable  only  for  misconduct.  No  minister  of  the  gospel 
can  hold  a  civil  office.  Delaware  has  one  representative  in 
the  Federal  Congress.  The  whipping-post  and  the  pillory 
are  still  retained  for  the  punishment  of  crimes,  but,  by  act 
of  1889,  women  are  exempted  from  this  form  of  discipline. 
History. — Delaware  Bay  was  discovered  by  Hudson  in 
1609,  and  visited  in  1610  by  Lord  De  la  Warr.  Prominent 
events  of  local  history  have  been  the  purchase  of  part  of 
the  country  by  the  Dutch,  1629 ;  the  settlement  of  Lewes 
by  the  Dutch,  1630 ;  the  destruction  of  the  colony  by  In- 
dians, 1633  ;  the  purchase  of  the  W.  coast  of  the  bay  by  the 
Swedes  and  Finns,  and  the  founding  (1638)  of  the  colony 
of  New  Sweden,  which  extended  as  far  up  the  river  as 
Wicaco,  now  in  Philadelphia;  the  construction  of  Fort 
Casimir,  at  New  Castle,  by  the  Dutch;  its  capture  by  the 
Swedes,  1654;  the  breaking  up  of  the  Swedish  colony  by 
Dutch  forces  from  New  Amsterdam,  1666;  the  conflicting 
claims  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  of  Lord  Baltimore  to  the 
region,  1664;  and  the  purchase  of  the  proprietorship  by 
William  Penn,  1682.  Thenceforth  the  region  was  officially 
known  as  "the  Counties  of  New  Castle,  Kent,  and  Sussex, 
upon  Delaware,"  and  was  regarded  as  a  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania until  1703,  when  it  received  a  separate  legislature;  but 
the  three  counties  remained  under  the  proprietary  governors 
of  Pennsylvania  until  the  Revolution,"  in  which  Delaware 
took  a  distinguished  and  very  gallant  part.  The  first  two 
revolutionary  presidents  of  Pennsylvania  (1776-87)  were 
also  chief  magistrates  of  Delaware,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  in  1776  she  had  declared  herself  an  independent  state. 
Delaware  was  the  first  state  to  ratify  the  United  States  con- 
stitution, 1787.  She  retained  slavery  until  it  was  abrogated 
in  1865  by  the  13th  amendment  of  the  Federal  constitution. 
The  population  in  1790  was  59,094;  in  1800,  64,273 ;  in 
1810,  72,674;  in  1820,  72,749;  in  1830,  76,748;  in  1840, 
78,085 ;  in  1850,  91,532;  in  1860,  112,216;  in  1870, 125,015; 
in  1880,  146,608;  in  1890,  168,493. 

Delaware^  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mississinewa  River  and  the  West  Fork  of  White  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.     More  than 


one-third  of  its  area  is  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  Indiun 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  producta.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Cincinnati  &  Louisville  Railroad,  all  three  passing 
through  Muncie,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,030;  in 
1880,  22,926;  in  1890,  30,131. 

Delaware^  an  eastern  county  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maquoketa  River 
and  by  Buffalo  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Beaver  and  Plum 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  diver- 
sified with  prairies  and  woodlands;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm, 
hickory,  white  oak,  and  black  walnut.  Niagara  limestone 
( Upper  Silurian)  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  latter  passing  through  Manchester,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,432;  in  1880,  17,950;  in  1890,  5645. 

Delaware,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1557  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  two  branches  of  the  Dela- 
ware River,  namely,  the  Coquago  and  the  Popacton,  which 
unite  on  the  S.W.  border  of  the  county.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  Beaver  Kill  and  the  Charlotte  Riven  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  high  hills,  narrow  ravines,  and  fertile  val- 
leys. The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter, 
hay,  oats,  cattle,  potatoes,  maple  sugar,  leather,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Erie  Railroad,  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  and  the 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railroad,  the  latter  passing 
through  Delhi,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Red  sandstone 
(Devonian)  is  found  next  to  the  surface  here.  Pop.  in 
1870,  42,972;  in  1880,  42,721;  in  1890,  45,496, 

Delaware,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  haa 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Scioto  and  Whetstone  (or  Olentangy)  Rivers,  which  run 
southward,  and  is  also  drained  by  Walnut,  Mill,  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool, 
hay,  butter,  flax,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Corniferous  limestone  of  the  Devonian  age  crops  out  here. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Columbus,  Hooking  Valley 
A  Toledo  Railroad,  by  two  divisions  of  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Akron  A  Columbus  Railroad,  the  two  former  roads 
passing  through  Delaware,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  25,175;  in  1880,  27,381;  in  1890,  27,189. 

Delaware,  a  southeastern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  is 
adjacent  to  Philadelphia.  Area,  about  200  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Delaware  River,  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Brandy  wine,  and  is  drained  by  Darby,  Chester, 
and  Crum  Creeks.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified  by 
undulations  and  hills  of  moderate  height;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  Indian  com,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  important  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.  The  rocks  found  next  to  the 
surface  are  gneiss  and  mica-slate,  the  former  of  which  is 
quarried  for  building-stone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  the 
latter  communicating  with  Media,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  39,403;  in  1880,  56,101;  in  1890,  74,683. 

Delaware,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  25  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Paris.  It  has  3  churches,  and  ginning-,  saw-, 
and  grist-mills. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Delaware  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1679. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1753.     It  contains  New  Britton. 

Delaware,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  47  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  Delaware  township,  1214. 

D  e  I  a  wa  re ,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  drained  by 
Maquoketa  River.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Manchester,  707. 

Delaware,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Dubuque  A  Sioux  City  division  of  tne  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manchester,  41  miles  W. 
of  Dubuque,  and  86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  360. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  (in- 
cluding Easton  Place  town)  495. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop 
in  1890,  2859.     It  contains  Valley  Falls. 


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1020 


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Delaware^  township,  Leavenworth  co.,  Kan.     P.  2357. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
970.     It  contains  Edwardsville  and  Tiblow. 

Delaware,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  about  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Huron.     Pop.  962.     It  contains  Forestville. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.   Pop.  198. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  just  E. 
of  the  city  of  Camden.     Pop.  1625.     It  contains  EUisburg. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  IsT.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad. 
Pop.  2959.  It  contains  Sergeantsville,  Sand  Brook,  and 
other  post- villages. 

DelaAvare,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  2016.     It  contains  Callicoon  Depot. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  traversed  by 
the  Maumee.     Pop.  1160.     It  contains  Delaware  Bend. 

Delaware,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  is 
situated  on  the  Whetstone  (or  Olentangy)  River,  in  a  town- 
ship of  its  own  name,  24  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  34  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Gallon,  and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
is  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Columbus  division  with  the 
Cincinnati  division  of  that  road,  and  also  on  the  Columbus 
&  Toledo  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  14  churches, 
2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  Female  College,  2  large  hotels,  gas-works,  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers,  2  flouring- 
mills,  an  extensive  chair-factory,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages. It  is  the  seat  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University, 
which  was  founded  in  1845  and  has  12  professors,  about 
1150  students,  and  a  library  of  about  13,000  volumes.  Sul- 
phur springs  and  other  mineral  springs  are  found  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  8224;  of  the  township,  9372. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Mount  Blanchard. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1079, 
exclusive  of  the  village  of  Thompsontown. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1703. 
It  contains  New  Hamburg  and  Delaware  Grove. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Erie  Railroad.  Pop.  1879,  exclusive  of  McEwens- 
ville  and  Watsontown. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River.     Pop.  758.     It  contains  Dingman's  Ferry. 

Delaware,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Thames,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a 
brewery,  a  stave-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Delaware  Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  or  an  estuary, 
through  which  the  Delaware  River  enters  the  Atlantic. 
The  entrance  of  the  bay,  which  is  between  Cape  May  and 
Cape  Henlopen,  is  about  13  miles  wide,  and  its  length  is 
nearly  65  miles.  It  is  about  3  miles  wide  at  the  upper 
extremity  (near  Delaware  City),  below  which  it  gradually 
expands  to  a  width  of  25  miles.  A  long  breakwater,  con- 
structed by  the  Federal  government,  in  this  bay,  at  Cape 
Henlopen,  forms  a  safe  and  spacious  harbor,  in  which  the 
water  is  from  4  to  6  fathoms  deep. 

Delaware  Beud,  a  post-village  in  Delaware  town- 
ship. Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Defiance.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

DelaAvare  City,  a  post-town  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
on  the  Delaware  River  where  it  merges  into  Delaware 
Bay,  about  12  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Wilmington.  It  is 
the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Delaware  Canal, 
and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Pennsylvania  <t  Delaware 
Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  contains  an  acad- 
emy, a  national  bank,  a  printing-office,  a  flour-mill,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  1059. 

Delaware  Gap,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
about  1  mile  S.E.  of  Delaware  Water  Gap,  Pa.  It  has  a 
seliool-slate  factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Delaware  Junction,  Delaware.    See  Rodney. 

Delaware  Mine,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of 
Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grant  township,  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Calumet.     Copper  is  mined  here. 

Delaware  River,  or  Grasshopper  Creek  (Fr. 
Sauterelle),  Kansas,  drains  parts  of  Brown  and  Atchison 
COS.,  runs  southward  through  .Tefferson  co.,  and  enters  the 
Kansas  River  about  12  miles  above  Lawrence. 

Delaware's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Southampton 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 


Delaware  Water  Gap,  a  post-village  and  summej 
resort  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad  (at  Water  Gap  Station),  108  miles  N.  of 
Philadelphia,  92  miles  W.  by  N.  from  New  York,  and  57 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Scranton.  Here  the  Delaware  River  passes 
through  the  Kittatinny  Mountain  in  a  narrow  gorge,  on 
each  side  of  which  is  a  precipice  about  1300  feet  higher 
than  the  water.  The  altitude  of  the  mountain-ridge  at 
this  place  is  said  to  be  1479  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Here  are  several  large  hotels  and  boarding-houses,  which 
in  summer  are  filled  with  visitors  attracted  by  the  beautiful 
scenery.  The  village  is  about  li  miles  from  the  gorge.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  a  slate-factory  or  quarry.  P.  in  1890, 467. 

Delbino,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Delving. 

Delbriick,  dfil'briik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paderborn.     Pop.  1196. 

Del  Car'bo,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Zanesville.     See  Newton. 

Delden,  dfil'd^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Over- 
yssel,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Almelo.     Pop.  1649. 

Del6mont,  d§hMi^m6N<»'  (Ger.  Delsberg,  dSls'bfiRs),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  29  miles  N.  of  Bern,  on 
the  Some.     Pop.  2431. 

De  Le'on,  a  post- village  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dublin,  and  12  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Coman- 
che. It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy, 
and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  364. 

De  Leon  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla., 
about  11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  De  Land  Junction,  and  22 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Enterprise.  It  has  2  churches  and 
manufaotores  of  lumber.     Pop.  235. 

Delft,  d£lft  (commonly  pronounced  dfilf),  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  9  miles  by  raU  N.W.  of 
Rotterdam,  on  the  canal  between  it  and  the  Hngue.  It  if 
well  built  of  brick,  and  clean,  but  dull.  Principal  edifices, 
the  palace  in  which  Prince  AVilliam  I.  of  Orange  was  assas- 
sinated, 1584,  now  used  as  barracks;  a  Gothic  church,  with 
the  tomb  of  that  prince,  and  that  of  Grotius ;  the  old  church 
with  the  tombs  of  Van  Tromp,  Peter  Hein,  and  Leeuwen 
hoeck;  the  council-house,  and  the  school  of  engineering.  It 
has  man^'  breweries  and  di.«tilleries,  with  manufactures  of 
carpets,  coverlets,  woollen  cloth,  soap,  and  earthenwares; 
but  most  of  the  table-goods  known  as  "  Delft  ware"  are  in 
reality  made  in  England.  Here  is  a  great  arsenal  an'l 
military  laboratory.     Pop.  in  1890,  29,022. 

Delft  (origifaal  name,  Nedoontivoe,  or  "Long  Island"), 
a  small  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ceylon,  about  8  miles 
long  by  3  miles  broad,  and  surrounded  by  coral  reefs. 

Delftshaven,  or  Delfshaven,  dfilfts'hi'v^n,  a  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Mouse,  2  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Rotterdam,  with  ship- 
building, herring-fishery,  and  distilling.     Pop.  7982. 

Delfzyl,  or  Delfzijl,  d4lf-zll'  (L.  Cas'trum  Del/silin. 
num.),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  and  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Groningen,  at  the  mouth  of  the  old  Delf  or  Daui- 
sterdiep,  a  navigable  channel,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Dollart. 
It  is  strongly  fortified.     Pop.  5336. 

Delgada,  a  town  of  the  Azores.     See  PdiJTA  Delgapa. 

Delhi  (or  Dehli),  dSl'lee  (anc.  Indraprastha,  after- 
wards 'Dilli),  a  famous  city  of  India,  capital  of  a  district 
and  division  of  the  same  name,  and  formerly  capital  of 
the  Mogul  empire.  It  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Jumna. 
Lat.  28°  39'  40'  N.;  Ion.  77°  17'  45"  E.  The  river  is  here 
crossed  by  a  splendid  railway  bridge.  Delhi  is  walled  with 
stone,  and  is  generally  well  built,  the  principal  streets  being 
well  paved  and  finely  shaded.  The  grand  old  palace  (called 
the  fort),  the  abode  of  the  Mogul  emperors,  has  been  in 
great  part  torn  down  by  the  authorities  since  the  rebellion 
of  1857.  The  Jumma  Musjeed,  or  great  mosque,  is  one  of 
the  finest  structures  in  India.  Other  important  buildings 
are  the  black  mosque,  the  government  college,  the  clock 
tower,  Ac.  In  the  suburbs  are  the  splendid  tombs  of  the 
imperial  family.  The  surrounding  country  to  the  extent 
of  about  45  square  miles  is  covered  with  the  debris  of  ruined 
buildings.  The  town  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  has 
public  gardens  of  great  extent  and  beautj'.  Delhi  is  said  to 
have  once  contained  2,000,000  inhabitants.  It  figures  prom- 
inently in  Indian  history,  and  may  be  regarded  as  still  the 
capital  of  Mohammedanism  in  India.  In  1857  it  was  the 
scene  of  a  terrible  massacre  of  Europeans,  chiefly  women, 
and  in  the  same  year  it  was  stormed  and  taken  by  a  small 
British  and  native  force,  after  a  memorable  siege  of  three 
months,  the  city  being  defended  by  six  times  as  many  dis- 
ciplined troops  as  the  besiegers  could  muster.  Pop.  in  1872, 
154,417;  in  1881,  173,393;  1891,  193,580. 

Delhi,  a  division  or  commissionei-ship  of  British  India, 
under  the  control  of  the  Punjab  government,  atd   com- 


DEL 


1021 


DEL 


prising  the  distriota  of  Delhi,  Goorgaon,  and  Kurnaul.  Area, 
6657  square  miles.     Capital,  Delhi.     Pop.  1,920,912. 

Delhi,  a  district  of  the  above  division,  lat.  28°  13'-29<' 
13'  N.,  Ion.  76°  53'-77°  34'  E.  It  is  a  narrow  strip,  75 
miles  long,  bounded  E.  by  the  river  Jumna.  Area,  1227 
square  miles.  Among  the  products  are  wheat,  cotton,  and 
sugar.     Capital,  Delhi.     Pop.  608,850. 

Delhi,  dfil'hl,  a  post-village  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  13i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton. 
Coal-mines  have  been  opened  here. 

Delhi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Delhi  township,  on  the  Maquoketa  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
oago,  Milwaukee  &.  St.  Paul  Railroad,  85  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Davenport,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Dubuque. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of 
butter.     Pop.  500;  of  the  township,  3051. 

Delhi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  in  Bloom 
township,  24  miles  N.  of  Wilson. 

Delhi,  a  post-village  of  Richland  parish,  La.,  on  or 
near  Bayou  Macon,  and  on  the  North  Louisiana  &  Texas 
Railroad,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  620. 

Delhi,  a  post-borough  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  120. 

Delhi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
>n  the  west  or  main  branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about 
58  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and  on  the  Delhi  Branch  Rail- 
"oad,  which  connects  with  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
and  Railroad  at  Walton.  It  contains  5  churches,  the  Del- 
aware Academy,  a  national  bank,  3  private  banks,  a  foun- 
Iry,  a  woollen-mill,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of 
jarriages,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are 
)ublisbed  here.  Butter,  milk,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
jroducts  of  Delhi.     Pop.  1564;  of  the  township,  2908. 

Delhi,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
jank  of  the  Ohio  River,  in  Delhi  township,  on  the  Ohio  <fc 
Mississippi  Railroad  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <fc 
Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
'ihurches.  Here  are  several  parks  and  residences  of  the 
business  men  of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  in  1890,  531. 

Delhi,  a  post- village  of  McPherson  co.,  S.D.,  10  miles 
( direct)  S.E.  of  Leola. 

Delhi,  a  post-oflSce  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  (di- 
rect) E.  of  Loekbart. 

Delhi,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis. 

Delhi,  or  Fred'erickstourg,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk 
(«.,  Ontario,  on  the  Rowan  River,  and  on  the  Canada  Air- 
jjine  Railroad,  86  miles  W.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  large 
trade  in  sawn  lumber,  and  contains  several  churches  and 
Jtflres,  a  cloth-factory,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  &c.     P.  300. 

Delhi  Centre  (Holt  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Ingham 
<'.o.,  Mich.,  in  Delhi  township,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  & 
fjaginaw  Railroad,  at  Holt  Station,  7  miles  S.  of  Lansing. 
li  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  <fcc. 

Delhi  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
m  Scio  township,  on  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  mills 
for  flour,  lumber,  and  plaster. 

Deli,  a  town  and  state  of  Sumatra.     See  Delli. 

De'lia  Lake,  a  small  mountain  lake  in  the  W.  part 
of  Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  among  the  Adirondacks.  It  is  one  of 
the  sources  of  the  Hudson  River.     Length,  about  5  miles. 

Delia,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  Deglia. 

Deli-Baba,  d4.'lee-b3,'bi\  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erzroom.    It  is  inhabited  by  Armenians. 

Deliceto,  d4-le-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Poggia,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Bovino.  It  has  a  collegiate  church 
and  various  charitable  establishments.     Pop.  4714. 

Deliklitash,  dSl-e-kle-tish',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key. 25  miles  S.  of  Seevas. 

DeMight',  a  pust-i)ffice  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  13 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Ellsworth. 

Deli'la,  a  ])ost-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Danville. 

De  Liisle,  de  lil,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  &  Union  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Delitzsch,  di'litsh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  at  a 
railway  junction,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Lober. 
Tt  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle,  3  churches,  a  hospital, 
fcnd  manufactures  of  beer,  tobacco,  stockings,  and  gloves. 
Pop.  8228. 

Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in  a  narrow 
valley,  about  11  -miles  N.E.  of  Viroqua.  It  baa  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

DelMaplane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Statesville,     It  has  a  tannery. 


Dell  DeMight',  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Mo. 

Delle,  dSll  (Ger.  Dattenreitt,  d&t't^n-rit^),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haut-Rhin,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  1219. 

Delli,  a  town  of  Timor.    See  Dilli. 

Delli,  ddl'lee,  a  town  and  small  state  on  the  N.E.  coaat 
of  the  island  of  Sumatra.  The  town  stands  at  the  month 
of  a  river  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  3°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  42'  B. 
Pop.  36,566. 

Delliblat,  ddrie-bl&t',  a  village  of  Hungary,  about  10 
miles  from  Neudorf.  The  inhabitants  are  Wallachians. 
Pop.  3589. 

Dellnicze,  or  Delnitze,  ddll-neet'si,,  a  village  of 
Austrian  Croatia,  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  1679. 

Dello,  a  town  and  state  of  Sumatra.     See  Delli. 

Dell  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co.. 
Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City,  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River.  Pop.  448.  Dell  Prairie,  a 
hamlet  in  this  township,  is  4  miles  N.E.  of  Kilbourn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Dell  Rap'ids,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D., 
on  the  Big  Sioux  River,  19  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  Falls. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  5  elevators,  2  flour-mills,  a  brick-yard,  a  cigar-fac- 
tory, and  quarries  of  granite.     Pop.  in  1890,  993. 

Dell  River,  a  small  stream  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  runs 
southeastward  and  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin 
River  about  10  miles  N.  of  Baraboo. 

Dell  Roy,  formerly  Can'nonsburg,  a  post-village 
in  Monroe  township,  Carroll  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Toledo 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  CarroUton.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  700. 

DelI'ville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Pa. 

Delly,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Dilli. 

Del'ly  Mount,  a  headland  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  on  the  W.  coast,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Cananore. 

Dellys,  dSrieez',  a  seaport  town  of  Algeria,  49  miles 
E.  of  Algiers.  It  is  built  out  of  the  ruins  of  an  ancient 
city,  supposed  to  be  the  Rusucurium  of  Pliny.  It  consists 
of  a  new  town,  well  built  in  the  European  style,  and  of  the 
old  Arab  town,  with  walls,  a  labyrinth  of  narrow  alleys. 
Pop.  11,122. 

DePmar',  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  at  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  which  here  con- 
nects with  the  Delaware  Railroad.  It  is  97  miles  S.  of 
Wilmington,  at  the  Maryland  line.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  peach-crates.     Pop.  about  200. 

Delmar,  or  Delmar  Junction,  a  post-village  of 
Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  is  in  Bloomfleld  township,  6  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Maquoketa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  N.  of  Davenport,  and  17  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Clinton,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
It  is  in  an  agricultural  district,  and  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  creamery,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  ha4 
a  money-order  post-office,  named  Delmar;  and  the  name 
of  the  station  is  Delmar  Junction.     Pop.  in  1890,  518. 

Delmar,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  is  in  part 
a  vast  hemlock  forest,  and  contains  a  portion  of  the  coal- 
mining town  of  Antrim,  which  was  founded  in  1872.  Pop. 
in  189U,  3081. 

Del'menhorst,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  and 
16  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  2539. 

Delniont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Hendersonville. 

Delmont,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  4  churches.  Coal  is  found 
here. 

Delmont,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co,,  S.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Tripp.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
It  is  a  good  shipping  and  grain  market. 

Del  Norte,  dSl  nor'ti,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  California,  bordering  on  Oregon,  has  an  area  of 
about  1500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  and  intersected  by  the  Klamath  River.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  redwood  (Sequoia  sempervirena)  and  spruce. 
The  soil  produces  wheat,  potatoes,  oats,  Ac.  This  county 
has  several  gold-mines.  Capital,  Crescent  City.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2022;  in  1880,  2584;  in  1890,  2592. 

Del  Norte,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rio  Grande  oo.. 
Col.,  is  on  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  about  130  miles  S.W. 
of  Pueblo.  Altitude,  7400  feet.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
towns  in  Southwestern  Colorado.  It  has  2  banks,  2  hotels, 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  fine  school-building, 
and  is  the  base  of  supplies  for  the  San  Juan  mines.  It  \9 
situated  where  the  river  emerges  from  its  mountain-caSon 
and  enters  the  valley,  and  is  surrounded  by  grand  scenery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  736. 


DEL 


1022 


DEM 


Delogny,  djron^yee',  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  & 
Texas  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Donaldson ville,  La. 

DeMoit',  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N. 
of  Denison,  and  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  103. 

Deloraine,  dfiro-rin',  a  town  of  Tasmania,  32  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Launceston.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  3670. 

De'los  (A^Aos),  modern  Sdili,  sdee'lee,  Dili,  or 
Mikra  Dili,  mik'ri  dee'lee,  a  famous  island  of  Greece, 
nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  Cyclades.  It  was  regarded  with 
great  veneration  by  the  ancients,  and  was  the  seat  of  a  cele- 
brated temple  and  oracle  of  Apollo.  It  is  now  scarcely  in- 
habited, but  is  covered  with  ruins.  The  neighboring  island 
of  Rhenea  is  also  known  by  the  name  of  Dili  (Sdili),  and  is 
Bometimes  called  the  Greater  Delos.  It  appears  to  have 
Bhared  in  the  sacred  character  of  the  smaller  island. 

De  log  Patos,  Brazil.     See  Lago  de  los  Patos. 

Delow,  dS-low',  or  Dallu,  dil-loo',  a  town  of  Soodan, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Boossa,  in  lat.  9°  55'  N.,  Ion.  5°  15'  E. 
Pop.  10,000.     It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  Mandara. 

Delphi,  a  mountain  of  Greece.     See  Eubcea. 

Del'phi,  a  small  town  of  ancient  Greece,  in  Phocis, 
near  the  site  of  the  modern  Castri  (which  see),  containing 
a  celebrated  oracle  of  Apollo. 

Del'phi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Deer  Creek,  and  on  the  Wabash  <fc  Erie  Canal,  i  mile  S.E.  of 
the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Lafayette,  and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Logansport.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  paper-mills,  2 
flouring-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a  flax-mill,  and    2    news- 

?aper  offices.  Delphi  has  a  large  manufactory  of  lime, 
op.  in  1890,  1923. 

Delphi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Mount  Ayr. 

Delphi,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  8  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  manufactures  of  cigars.     Pop.  about  230. 

Del'phos,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  ou  the 
Solomon  River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and 
grain-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  561. 

Delphos,  a  post-village  of  Allen  and  Van  Wert  cos., 
0.,  at  the  junction  of  4  railroads,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lima, 
and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Port  Wayne.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  Franciscan 
convent,  a  paper-mill,  railroad  repair-shops,  and  manufac- 
tures of  barrels,  staves,  and  wheels.     Pop.  in  1890,  4516. 

DePray',  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  glue,  glass,  lumber,  and  sulphite  fibre, 

Delray,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upson  co.,  Qa.,  6  miles  N.  of 
Thomasville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Del  Rey,  dSl  ri',  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  at 
Spring  Creek  Station,  88  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Del  Rio,  dil  ree'o,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Val  Verde 
CO.,  Tex.,  3  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande,  37  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Spofford,  and  72  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Eagle 
Pass.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  &o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1980. 

Delsberg,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Delemont. 

Del'ta  (the  name  of  the  Greek  letter  A),  a  term  often 
applied  to  the  alluvial  tracts  enclosed  between  the  bifurcat- 
ing branches  of  a  river  and  their  common  recipient.  Deltas 
are  called  fluvial,  lacustrine,  mediterranean,  and  oceanic, 
according  to  the  recipient  of  the  streams  which  form  them. 
They  are  simple  deltas  when  the  stream  is  divided  into  two 
branches  only,  and  compound  when  intersected  by  other 
branches.  The  principal  deltas  are  those  of  the  Nile,  Ganges, 
Niger,  and  Mississippi.  Deltic  branches  of  a  river  are  those 
which  enclose  a  delta,  and  deltic  islands  are  those  formed  by 
the  ana-deltic  branches  of  a  compound  delta. 

Del'ta,  a  county  in  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan, 
bas  an  area  of  about  718  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  intersected  by  the  Eseanaba, 
Rapid,  and  Whitefish  Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  It  has  abundance  of 
limestone  and  iron  ore.  Pig-iron  and  lumber  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  Capital,  Eseanaba.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2542;  in  1880,  6812  ;  in  1890,  15,330. 

Delta,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  drained 
by  the  two  branches  of  the  Sulphur  Pork  of  Red  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  county  has 
a  triangular  shape,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  branch 
called  North  Sulphur.    Capital,  Cooper.    Pop.  (1890)  9117. 

Delta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Oxford.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 


Delta,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Delta  co.. 
Col.,  57  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  planing-mills,  and 
a  box-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  470. 

Delta,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  i 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington,  111. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Sigourney,  and  18  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Oskaloosa. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile. 
Pop.  in  1890,  409. 

Delta,  or  Delta  Court-House,  a  post-village  of 
Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  4  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Vicksburg,  and  17  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of 
Tallulah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  320. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  Grand 
River,  in  Delta  township,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  & 
Northern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  17 
miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  an  oar-factory.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1482. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Lee 
township,  6  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  church,  a  common 
school,  and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  about  270. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Pulton  co.,  0.,  in  York  town- 
ship, on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Toledo,  and 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Adrian,  Mich,  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks  and  tiles,  oval  wood  dishes,  washing-machines,  brooms, 
cheese,  flour,  and  lumber.  Here  is  a  chemical  laboratory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  859;  in  1890,  1132. 

Delta,  an  incorporated  post-borough  of  York  co,,  Pa., 
44  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  33  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  York.  It  has  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  electric  lights,  public  schools,  a  foundry,  a  slate- 
quarry,  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  coaches, 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  269 ;  in  1890,  565. 

Delta,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co,,  Washington. 

Delta,  or  Bev'erley,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co., 
Ontario,  on  Mill  Creek,  which  connects  Upper  and  Lower 
Beverley  Lakes,  24  miles  W.  of  Brockville.  It  has  several 
stores,  hotels,  and  mills,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop,  300, 

Delta  Court-House,  Louisiana,     See  Delta, 

Del'to,  a  post-village  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Lebanon.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber,  and  common  free  schools. 

Del 'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  flour,  tinware,  harness, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Delton,  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Dell 
River,  nearly  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  3  miles  S.S.W,  of 
Kilbourn  City,  and  10  miles  N.'of  Baraboo,  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  cooperage,  and  a  washing- 
machine  factory.  The  river  affords  abundant  water-power. 
Pop,  of  Delton  township,  829. 

Delude,  a  river  of  Michigan,     See  Black  River. 

Deluwi,  deroo-ee',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan, 
140  miles  S,  of  Meshed.     Pop.  300. 

Delval'le,  a  post-village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles 
from  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Delvinachi,  dfil-ve-ni'kee,  a  village  of  European  Tur 
key,  containing  about  300  houses,  28  miles  E.  of  Delvino. 

Delvino,  or  Delbino,  dfil've-no,  a  town  of  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yanina,  on  a  hill-slope 
covered  with  olive  and  orange  plantations.     Pop.  10,000. 

Deinak,  dfim'ik',  or  Damak,  d&'mik',  a  town  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Java,  province  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sama- 
rang,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name.  It  was  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Demak. 

Deniar,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Damar, 

Demarca'tion  Point,  a  cape  on  the  Arctic  coast  of 
North  America,  in  lat,  69°  45'  N,,  Ion,  141°  W.,  marking 
the  boundary  between  British  America  and  Alaska. 

Dem'arest',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  li  miles  from  the  Pali- 
sades, and  18  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Deniavend,  d5m'i-v5nd',  a  volcanic  mountain  of  Per- 
sia, and  the  loftiest  peak  of  the  Elbrooz  chain,  between  the 
provinces  of  Irak-Ajemee  and  Mazanderan,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Teheran.  Height,  as  determined  by  Hedin  (1890),  17,930 
feet.  Its  form  is  conical,  with  a  crater-shaped  summit.  It 
yields  large  quantities  of  pumice-stone  and  pure  sulphur. 

Demavend,  a  town  of  Persia,  45  miles  E.  of  Teheran, 
at  the  S.  base  of  Mount  Demavend,     Pop,  3000,  ^ 

Dembea,  dSm'be-a,  improperly  pronounced  dim-bee^, 
written  also  Dambe'a,  or  Tzana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia, 


DEM 


1023 


DEN 


lla  l»t.  12°  N.,  Ion.  37°  15'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60 
Imlles;  average  breadth,  25  miles.  It  contains  several 
ii.ilands,  the  largest  of  which  is  named  Dek,  and  at  its  S. 
'part  is  traversed  by  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  or  Blue  Nile. 

Dembia,  dflm'be-a,  a  river  of  Sierra  Leone,  supposed 
to  rise  in  the  mountainous  district  on  the  S.E.  of  Senegam- 
ibia,  flows  in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  at 
ilat.  9°  45'  N. 

Demedt  dfim^fid',  a  village  of  the  Algerian  Sahara,  174 
i miles  S.  by  E.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  about  200. 
j     i>emeut%  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.     Pop.  1120. 

Demer,  di'm§r,  a  river  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg  and 
Ijlouth  Brabant,  joins  the  Dyle  6  miles  S.  of  Louvain,  after 
a  W.  course  of  47  miles. 

'  Demerara,  dim-^r-k'ra,,  written  also  Demerary,  a 
river  of  South  America,  in  I3ritish  Guiana,  rises  near  lat. 
5°  20'  N.,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  perhaps  180  miles,  enters 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  near  lat.  6°  50'  N.,  Ion.  58°  20'  W.,  by 
an  estuary,  on  the  E.  side  of  which  stands  Georgetown. 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  it  75  miles. 

Demerara^  a  county  of  British  Guiana,  has  a  sea-front 
of  65  miles,  extending  from  Abari  Creek,  on  the  E.,  to 
Boerasirie  Creek,  on  the  W.  Exports,  sugar,  molasses,  rum, 
timber,  &c.  Pop.  86,250,  exclusive  of  Georgetown,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  county  and  the  colony.  Demerara  was  once  a 
Dutch  colony. 

Demetrovicze,  the  Hungarian  for  Mitrowicz. 

Demianka,  di-me-4n'ki,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in 
liake  Oogansko6,  government  of  Tobolsk,  flows  E.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  about  200  miles,  joins  the  Irtish. 

Demiansk,  dSm-e-insk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
end  106  miles  S.E.  of  Novgorod.     Pop.  1890. 

Dein'lng,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  about 
:!5  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis. 

Deming,  a  post-town  of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  88 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  El  Paso.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
'.'  newspaper  oflSces,  and  sampling  works  for  gold,  silver,  and 
lead  ores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1136. 

Deming's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Matagorda  co., 
'?ex.,  on  the  Colorado,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has 
teveral  churches. 

Demir-Hissar,  di-meer'-his^sar',  "Iron  Castle"  (anc. 
jJeracle'a  ?),  a  town  of  Eurojiean  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on 
the  Kara  Soo,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seres.     Pop.  8000. 

Demish,  dimmish',  written  also  Odemes,  a  commer- 
cial town  of  Asia  Minor,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Demmin,  d4m-meen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
i5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Stralsund,  at  the  junction  of  the 
I'eene,  the  Tollen,  and  the  Trebel.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lats,  woollens,  linen,  stockings,  and  leather,  distilleries,  brew- 
eries, and  a  trade  in  corn,  tobacco,  timber,  and  gloves.  It  is 
\ery  ancient,  and  celebrated  for  the  numerous  sieges  it  has 
lastained.    Its  fortifications  were  razed  in  1 759.    Pop.  9784. 

Demmitf  a  county  of  Texas.     See  Dimmit. 

DemmMer,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  the  8th 
ward  of  McKeesport.  Here  are  manufactures  of  sheet- 
iron  and  tin-plate. 

Democ'racy,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Pike 
township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Dem'ocrat,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1122. 

Democrat,  a  post-oflSce  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Demonesoi,  Sea  of  Marmora.    See  Princes'  Islands. 

Demonte,  di-mon'ti,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Coni,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Stura.     Pop.  6166. 

Demop'olis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marengo  co., 
Ala.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  nearly  1 
mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Black  Warrior,  and  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Selma,  and  58 
miles  E.  by  N.  from  Meridian.  It  has  9  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  academies,  2  banks,  a  cotton-seed-oil  mill, 
cotton-compress,  an  ice  factory,  Ac.  Cotton  is  shipped  here 
in  steamboats  to  Mobile  in  all  seasons.    Pop.  in  1890,  1898. 

Dem^orest',  a  post-village  of  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  knitted  goods, 
saddles,  glue,  tin,  spokes,  and  handles.     Pop.  208. 

Demorest'Tille,  formerly  Smith's  Mills,  a  post- 
village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Pic- 
ton,  It  has  a  good  trade  in  hops,  grain,  and  lumber,  and 
has  woollen-,  flouring-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Demos,  Belmont  co.,  0.     See  Centreville. 

De  Moss'ville,  a  post-village  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  2  tobacco- 
Warehouses.     Pop.  about  200. 
39 


Demotica,  de-mot'e-k&  (ano.  Didymotichot  f),  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritza,  at  the 
foot  of  a  castle-crowned  hill,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Adrian- 
ople.  Pop.  8000.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  Greek 
onurches  and  schools. 

De  Motte,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Wheatfield,  and  22  miles  (direct)  N.hy  W.  of 
Rensselaer.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Demp'sey,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  5  milea 
from  Eastman.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Dempsey's  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Einga  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  2  miles  from  Aylesford.     Pop.  150. 

Demp'seytown,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Oil  City,  and  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Titun 
ville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Demter,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Deventer. 

Deuain,  d^h-niiio',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  14  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Douai.  It  has  coal-mines,  iron-works,  and 
distilleries.     Pop.  11,849;  of  the  commune,  14,419. 

Denbigh,  dSn'bee,  or  Denbighshire,  din'bee-shjr, 
a  county  of  Wales,  having  N.  the  Irish  Sea.  Area,  613 
square  miles,  of  which  less  than  one-half  is  arable,  the  rest 
being  chiefly  in  pasture.  The  surface  is  mostly  rugged  and 
mountainous,  but  it  contains  the  fertile  valley  of  Llangollen. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Clwyd,  Dee,  Conway,  and  Valle- 
Crucis.  The  Conway  forms  its  W.  and  the  Dee  the  greater 
part  of  its  E.  boundary.  Wool  is  manufactured  into  stock- 
ings, flannel,  and  coarse  cloths  by  the  rural  population. 
Coal,  lead,  iron,  slate,  limestone,  grindstones,  and  flagstones 
abound.  The  lead  ores  yield  some  silver.  The  county  is 
traversed  by  numerous  railways.  The  chief  towns  are  Den- 
bigh, Ruthin,  Wrexham,  Llanrwst,  Abergeley,  Holt,  and 
Ruabon,     Pop.  in  1891,  117,950. 

Denbigh,  a  town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Den- 
bigh, at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.  of  St.  Asaph.  It 
stands  on  a  steep  acclivity,  crowned  by  the  ruins  of  its 
stately  castle,  and  has  many  handsome  antique  houses,  an 
old  parish  church,  an  ancient  chapel,  2  free  schools,  a  town 
hall,  an  orphan  school,  an  assembly-room,  and  a  market- 
house,  with  manufactures  of  gloves  and  shoes.     Pop.  4276. 

Denbighshire,  Wales.    See  Denbigh. 

Den  Bommel,  Netherlands.    See  Bommel. 

Den'by,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  7  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Derby.  Pop.  of  parish,  1362.  It  has  extensive 
collieries. 

Denby,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  of  parish,  1637. 

Denbych-y-Pysgod,  the  Welsh  name  of  Tenbt. 

Dender,  din'd^r,  a  navigable  river  of  Belgium,  prov- 
inces of  Hainaut  and  East  Flanders,  after  a  N.  course  of 
42  miles  joins  the  Scheldt  at  Dendermonde. 

Dender,  d6n'd§r,  a  river  of  Nubia,  tributary  to  the 
Blue  Nile,  which  it  joins  40  miles  N.  of  Sennaar,  after  a 
N.W.  course  of  250  miles. 

Denderah,  dfin'd^r-8,  (anc.  Ten'tyra),  a  village  of 
Upper  Egypt,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  opposite 
Keneh,  important  for  its  antiquities,  and  especially  for  its 
grand  temple,  which  is  220  feet  in  length  by  50  in  breadth, 
with  a  portico  supported  by  24  columns.     See  Esneb. 

Dendermonae,  dSn'dQr-m6n'dQh,  Dendermond, 
dSnM^rrmdnt',  or  Termonde,  tfir-m6n'd?h  (Ff.  pron. 
t^R^miNd'),  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Dender  and  the  Scheldt,  and  at  a 
railway  junction,  16  miles  E.  of  Ghent.  It  has  a  town  hall, 
a  hospital,  lunatic  and  orphan  asylums,  several  churches 
and  convents,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  yarn,  lace,  and 
woollens.     Pop.  8300. 

Denegontinm,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Digoin. 

Denekamp,  dfin'^-kimp',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Oldenzaal.     Pop.  4194. 

Den  Ham,  din  h&m,  a  Village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Deventer. 

Den  Helder,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Heldbs. 

Den'holm,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hawick.     Pop.  659. 

Den'holme  Gate,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  5i  miles  W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  3469. 

Denia,  di-nee'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alicante, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  13  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oliva. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths.    Pop.  2619. 

De  Nieuwe  Maas.    See  Maas,  The  New. 

Denil'iquin,  a  post-town  of  Australia,  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  of  Townsend,  on  the  Edwards  River,  488  milM 
S.W.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  1118. 

Den'is  (or  Orixa,  o-ree'shi)  Islands,  the  north- 
easternmost  group  of  the  Seychelles.  Lat.  3°  49'  S. ;  loB. 
55°  44'  E. 


DEN 


1024 


DEN 


Denisou,  of  Illinois  and  Michigan.     See  Dennison. 

JDen'isou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Denison  township,  on  the  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Bailroad,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Council 
Bluffs,  and  134  miles  N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  6  churches, 
3  banks,  graded  schools,  3  elevators,  2  flour-mills,  4  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  sash-,  blind-,  and  moulding-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1782;  of  the  township,  2503. 

Ueuison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Unity  township,  1  mile  from  Carney  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a  store. 

Denison,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Holton.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  126. 

Denison,  a  flourishing  city  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  is  3 
miles  S.  of  Red  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sherman,  and 
338  miles  N.  of  Houston.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the 
county,  and  is  the  state  head-quarters  of  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  and  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Houston  <jb  Texas  Central  Railroad.  It  has  9  churches,  3 
national  banks,  public  schools,  a  cotton-mill,  a  rolling-mill, 
a  canning-factory,  railroad  machine-  and  car-shops,  &c. 
Three  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3975;  in  1890,  10,958. 

Denison's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  oo.,  N.Y., 
i  miles  from  Livonia  Station. 

Den'ison's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  oo., 
Quebec,  7  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  150. 

Den'iston,  or  Pic'cadilly,  a  post-village  in  Adding- 
ton  CO.,  Ontario,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Denizli,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Degnizli. 

Denkeudorf,  dSnk'^n-doRr,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
3  miles  S.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  1408. 

Den'man's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Licking  co., 
0.,  in  Perry  township. 

Den'mark  (Dan.  Danmark,  d&n'maRk ;  Ger.  D'dnemark, 
di'n^h-maRk^ ;  Dutch,  Been  enter  ken,  di'n§h-mfiE^ken  ;  Fr. 
Danemark,  din^mank';  It.  Danemarka,  dik-nk-ma,n'kk; 
Sp.  Dinamarca,  de-nS,-maR-k& ;  L.  Da'nia),  a  kingdom 
of  Europe,  comprising  the  peninsula  of  Jutland  and  a 
group  of  islands  in  the  Baltic,  and  lying  between  54°  34' 
and  57°  44'  52"  N.  lat.  and  8°  4'  and  12°  34'  E.  Ion.,  with 
the  exception  of  the  island  of  Bornholm,  which  lies  between 
14°  42'  and  15°  10'  E.  Ion.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Skager 
Rack,  E.  by  the  Cattegat,  the  Sound,  and  the  Baltic,  S.  by  the 
Baltic,  the  Little  Belt,  and  the  German  duchy  of  Sleswick, 
and  W.  by  the  North  Sea.  The  largest  island  is  Seeland, 
Sjaeland,  or  Zealand,  on  which  is  Copenhagen,  the  capital; 
the  next  in  size  is  Funen  or  Fyen,  divided  from  Jutland  by 
only  a  minute  channel;  after  which  come  Laaland,  Born- 
holm,  Falster,  Langeland,  Moen,  Samscie,  Aeroe,  Amager, 
Lasoe,  and  Anholt,  here  enumerated  in  the  order  of  their 
importance.  Denmark  is  divided  into  7  provinces,  3  insular 
and  4  on  the  mainland.  The  insular  are  Seeland,  Laaland 
and  Falster,  and  Funen ;  the  mainland,  Aarhuua,  Aalborg, 
Viborg,  and  Ribe.  Area,  14,553  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1876,  1,903,000;  in  1880.  1,969,039;  in  1890,  2,185,159. 

Physical  Features  and  Oeology. — The  coast  is  generally 
low  and  sandy,  the  western  coast  of  Jutland  being  a  suc- 
cession of  sand-ridges  and  shallow  lagoons,  dangerous  to 
shipping.  The  eastern  coast  is  not  so  inhospitable,  and 
jontains  several  excellent  harbors,  especially  in  the  islands. 
The  long  Qords  or  firths,  winding  inlets  of  the  sea  pene- 
trating far  into  the  land,  constitute  the  most  distinctive 
physical  feature.  The  most  remarkable  of  these  is  the 
Lymfiord  or  LUmfiord,  which  crosses  Jutland,  so  that  its 
N.  portion  is  insular.  Inland  the  surface  is  low,  the  highest 
point,  the  Himmelberget,  in  Jutland,  being  only  550  feet 
ftbove  the  sea.  Though  low,  the  surface  is  pleasantly  diver- 
sified, rising  a  little  at  the  coast.  The  landscape  of  the 
islands  and  the  southeastern  part  of  Jutland  is  rich  in 
beech  woods,  corn-fields,  and  meadows,  but  in  the  western 
and  northern  districts  of  Jutland  this  gives  place  to  a  wide 
expanse  of  moorland  covered  with  heather.  There  are 
neither  rivers  nor  lakes  of  consequence,  the  Guden,  the 
largest  Danish  stream,  being  little  more  than  a  brook.  All 
the  Danish  rocks  belong  to  the  upper  series  of  the  secondary 
and  to  the  tertiary  formation,  and  have  been  deposited  in 
regular  succession.  The  rock  most  fully  developed  is  chalk; 
above  the  chalk  lies  an  extensive  boulder  formation,  imme- 
diately above  which  are  thick  beds  of  clay  and  marl. 

Climate. — The  climate  presents  no  remarkable  features, 
much  resembling  that  of  Scotland,  except  that  its  transi- 
tions are  more  rapid.  Its  main  feature  is  humidity.  The 
mean  temperature  of  Copenhagen  is  32°. 9  Fahr.  in  winter 
and  63°. 5  in  summer.  Snow  falls  on  an  average  30  days 
'n  the  year,  and  storms  of  wind  and  rain  are  frequent. 


Fauna  and  Flora. — The  fauna  presents  no  special  pecu- 
liarities. All  the  larger  wild  quadrupeds,  even  the  red  deer 
are  now  extinct.  The  usual  domestic  animals  ave  abundant 
with  the  exception  of  the  goat.  The  flora  presents  a  greater 
variety.  The  ordinary  North  European  plants  grow  luxu- 
riantly  in  the  mild  and  protected  soil  of  the  eastern  coast 
and  the  islands,  while  on  the  heaths  and  sand-hills  of  the 
Atlantic  a  great  variety  of  unusual  species  flourishes.  The 
Danish  forests  are  almost  entirely  made  up  of  beech.  So  late 
as  the  reign  of  Christian  IV.,  the  oak  was  the  characteristic 
tree,  but  both  it  and  the  ash  are  now  exceedingly  rare.  Ex- 
cept in  Bornholm,  no  conifer  grows  in  Denmark  save  under 
cultivation.  There  the  pine,  birch,  and  ash  are  the  most 
abundant  trees. 

AyricuUure. — Denmark  is  essentially  an  agricultural 
country.  In  relation  to  its  size,  no  country  in  Europe,  ex- 
cept Belgium  and  England,  can  compete  with  it  as  a  grain- 
producer.  The  principal  cereals  are  wheat,  oats,  barley, 
and  rye,  except  that  on  the  light  and  sandy  soils  buckwheat 
takes  their  place.  The  potato  is  largely  cultivated,  as  well 
as  pease,  clover,  vetches,  and  turnips.  The  usual  European 
fruit  trees  and  bushes,  as  apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  goose- 
berries, raspberries,  and  currants,  produce  good  crops,  and 
even  peaches  and  apricots  ripen  in  sheltered  spots.  Notwith- 
standing its  great  extent  of  pasture-land,  Denmark  pro- 
duces more  grain  than  is  required  for  her  consumption,  the 
exports  of  grain  and  flour  amounting  yearly  to  $5,000,000. 
But  cattle-breeding  and  dairy-husbandry  are  the  great  fea- 
tures of  Danish  agriculture  and  the  leading  industries  of 
the  country.  Live-stock — oxen  and  bulls,  cows  and  calves, 
sheep,  hogs,  and  horses — is  annually  exported  to  the  value 
of  upwards  of  $6,000,000,  while  the  value  of  the  butter  ex- 
ported often  exceeds  $6,500,000.  Large  quantities  of  cheese 
are  also  sent  abroad,  especially  to  England.  The  land  is 
minutely  subdivided,  owing  partly  to  the  state  of  the  law, 
which  prohibits  the  union  of  small  farms  and  encourages 
the  parcelling  out  of  landed  property.  The  larger  estates 
of  the  nobles  are  generally  let  out  to  tenant-farmers,  but 
much  the  greater  part  of  the  land  is  possessed  by  peasant 
proprietors  (bonder),  who  maintain  a  hereditary  attachment 
to  their  ancestral  farms. 

Minerals. — The  mineral  products  are  unimportant,  Den- 
mark being  in  this  respect  one  of  the  poorest  countries  of 
Europe.  In  the  island  of  Bornholm  there  are  quarries  of 
freestone  and  marble.  But  little  coal  has  been  discovered, 
and  most  of  the  peasants  burn  turf  and  peat  for  house-fuel. 

Manufactures  and  Commerce. — Manufacturing  is  not  car- 
ried on  to  any  large  extent.  The  most  notable  manufacture 
is  that  of  porcelain,  the  principal  establishment  being, in 
the  hands  of  the  state.  The  Copenhagen  potters  are  now 
famous  for  very  graceful  designs,  and  their  products  in  por- 
celain have  a  distinctive  character,  the  artistic  creations  of 
Thorwaldsen  being  largely  repeated  and  imitated.  There 
are  considerable  iron-foundries,  12  of  which  are  around 
Copenhagen.  In  the  same  city  there  are  manufactures  of 
locomotives  and  machinery.  The  woollen-,  linen-,  and  cotton- 
manufactures  are  mostly  domestic  and  carried  on  for  local 
consumption.  Sugar-refineries  prepare  most  of  the  sugar 
from  beets  for  the  home  market.  Amber  is  gathered  to  the 
extent  of  from  1600  to  2200  pounds  annually.  The  com- 
merce of  Denmark  is  carried  on  mainly  with  Germany,  Great 
Britain,  Sweden,  and  Norway.  The  amount  of  its  imports 
is  about  $63,000,000  a  year,  and  of  its  exports,  $47,000,000. 
The  chief  imports  are  metals  and  ores,  coal,  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  silks,  sugar,  coff'ee,  salt,  rice,  oil,  and  tobacco; 
the  exports  consist  chiefly  of  agricultural  produce,  as  grain, 
meal  and  flour,  cattle,  butter,  cheese,  hams,  sides,  bones, 
wool,  rape  and  other  seeds  for  oil,  and  manufactured  oil- 
cake. Formerly  the  commercial  legislation  of  Denmark 
was  of  a  highly  restrictive  character.  Having  pos.se.ssion 
of  both  sides  of  the  entrance  to  the  Baltic,  she  looked  on 
the  Sound  as  her  own,  and  refused  to  admit  foreign  vessels 
without  payment  of  toll.  Now  a  more  liberal  system  pre- 
vails, and  the  toll  is  totally  abolished.  The  commercial 
marine  consists  of  about  3600  vessels,  of  an  aggregate  burden 
of  325,000  tons,  of  which  about  350,  aggregating  1 15,000  tons, 
are  steamers.  The  most  important  seaports  are  Copen- 
hagen, Aalborg,  Aarhuus,  Elsinore,  Corsoer,  Frederikshavn, 
and  Randers.  The  Danish  herring-fisheries  were  formerly 
important,  but  the  quantity  of  herrings  taken  now  does  not 
suffice  for  home  consumption.  Turbot,  torsk,  and  salmon 
are  caught,  and  oyster-beds  occur  on  the  east  coast  aaJ  else- 
where. The  seal-fisheries  are  considerable,  the  principal 
station  being  the  island  of  Anholt. 

Government,  Army  and  Navy. — Till  1660  the  succession 
to  the  crown  was  elective.  After  that  period  it  became 
hereditary,  and  the  government  despotic.      By  a  charter 


DEN 


1025 


DEN 


jadopted  by  the  king  in  1849,  it  is  declared  that  while  the 
lexecutive  power  is  in  the  king  alone,  the  legislative  is  in 
Ithe  king  and  diet  jointly :  so  that  Denmark  is  now  a  hercd- 
iitary  constitutional  monarchy.  The  diet  consists  of  two 
houses,  called  respectively  the  Folksthing  and  the  Lands- 
thing.  The  former  has  the  privilege  of  discussing  the 
budget  and  other  public  questions,  while  the  latter  is  con- 
i fined  to  local  affairs.  Liberty  of  the  press  and  inviolability 
of  person  and  property  are  guaranteed,  and  there  is  no  dis- 
qualification for  religious  belief.  The  privy  council  con- 
sists of  the  king,  the  crown  prince,  and  the  ministers.  The 
I  hereditary  nobility  of  Denmark  has  been  abolished.  The 
I  regular  army  contains  (1891)  1200  oflScers  and  41,750  men, 
exclusive  of  a  reserve  of  16,500  officers  and  men.  The  navy 
I  has  57  vessels,  of  which  10  are  iron-olads,  carrying  an  ag- 
;gregate  of  57  guns.  All  the  able-bodied  young  men  of 
ithe  age  of  22  are  liable  to  service  for  8  years  in  the  regular 
{army  and  subsequently  for  8  years  in  the  reserve. 

Jiailwaya,  Canals,  and  Telegraphs. — There  are  about  1250 
miles  of  railways  open  for  traffic,  and  two  canals,  one  in  the 
(island  of  Seeland  and  the  other  in  Funen.  The  total  length 
I  of  telegraph  lines  is  about  4000  miles. 
I  Colonies  and  Dependencies. — The  colonial  possessions  con- 
|sist  mainly  of  islands  in  Europe  and  America.  They  in- 
1  elude  Iceland,  the  Faroe  Isles  and  Greenland,  and  Santa 
(('ruz,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  John  in  the  West  Indies. 

!  Church  and  Education. — The  established  religion  is  Lu- 
theran, but  unlimited  toleration  is  conceded  to  all,  no  man 
teing  bound  to  contribute  to  support  a  form  of  worship  of 
iv'hich  he  is  not  a  member.  The  church  is  under  7  bishops, 
iv'ho  are  nominated  by  the  crown.  The  Bishop  of  Seeland 
|or  Roeskilde  is  the  metropolitan,  and  the  sees  of  the  other 
iHshops  correspond  to  the  other  6  provinces.     Dissent  is 

I  c  Jmparatively  unknown.  Elementary  education  is  widely 
tiffused,  attendance  at  school  being  obligatory  from  the  age 

|cf  7  to  14.  Education  is  afforded  gratuitously  to  the  chil- 
dren of  those  who  cannot  pay.  Besides  the  tjniversity  of 
( openhagen,  there  are  13  public  gymnasia  or  colleges  in  the 
J  rincipal  towns  for  classical  education,  and  under  them  a 
1  irge  number  of  middle  schools  for  the  children  of  the 
t-ading  and  upper  working  classes,  and  2940  parochial 
sjhools.     There  are  5  normal  schools  for  training  teachers. 

i  Literature,  Science,  and  Art. — Although  the  literature 
cf  Denmark  is  not  much  known  in  other  countries,  it  con- 

I I  lins  several  names  of  eminence,  as  those  of  Oehlenschlager 
I  tie  dramatist,  Ingemann  the  novelist,  and  Ilans  Christian 

i.ndersen,  the  greatest   of  modern   fabulists.     In  science, 
I  Denmark  early  attained  eminence  in  the  person  of  Tycho 
I  Ilrahe,  and  still  continues  to  maintain  a  high  reputation 
I  in  various  departments  of  inquiry.     Steenstrup  the  zoolo- 
I  gist  and  Madvig  the  philologist  are  names  well  and  widely 
;  known.     In  art,  Thorwaldsen  has  given  her  a  first  place. 
j  In  archaeology  there  are  few  names  higher  than  that  of 
\7orsaae.    Denmark  is  especially  the  land  of  antiquities,  its 
kjokken-moddings  (kitchen-middens   or   refuse-heaps),  in 
which  relics  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants  are  found,  con- 
stituting its  peculiar  feature. 

History. — The  earliest  settlers  in  Denmark  of  whom  his- 
tory leaves  any  record  were  the  Cimbri,  who  defeated  the 
llomans  and   ravaged    Europe,  100  B.C.     From    them  the 
j  mainland  received  its  name  of  the  Cimbrian  Chersonese. 
We  next  hear  of  a  Gothic  race  occupying  the  land,  under 
their  mythical  chief  Odin,  whose  successors   made  them- 
I  selves  the  terror  of  Western  Europe,  under  the  name  of 
1  Northmen  or  Vikings.     The  deeds  of  the  early  heroes  are 
I  celebrated  in  the  Eddas.     These  Northmen  seized  a  large 
I  part  of  France,  which  from  them  still  boars  the  name  of 
i  Normandy.     They  made   several  incursions  into  Britain, 
founding  settlements,  especially  in  the  islands  and  on  the 
eastern  coasts.  Three  successive  Danish  kings  (Canute,  Har- 
I  old,  Hardicanute)  ruled  England  from  1017  to  1042.     After 
their  conversion  to  Christianity,  this  people  so  extended 
their  sway  that  the  Baltic  was  regarded  as  a  Danish  inland 
sea.     In  1397,  Margaret  of  Denmark,  by  the  treaty  of  Kol- 
mar,  united  the  three  Scandinavian  kingdoms,  and  after 
the  dissolution  of  the  union  the  Danes  retained  Norway 
till   1814,  when  it  was   ceded  to   Sweden.     In    1848  the 
duchies  of  Sleswick  and  Holstein  revolted  against  Danish 
rule,    and   appealed  to  the   German    powers    for   support. 
Prussia  sent  an  army,  and,  after  some  indecisive  battles, 
Austria  intervened,  the  result  being  that  the  duchies  re- 
turned under  Danish  sway  in  terms  of  the  protocol  of  Lon- 
don, 1852.     The  duchies  again  revolted  in  1863,  and  the 
armies  of  Prussia  and  Austria  entered  fche  country  in  their 
support.     The  Danes  retreated  to  Diippel,  which  was  cap- 
tured, whereupon  the  differences  were  referred  to  a  con- 
gress of  the  Great  Powers,  which  met  at  "Vienna  in  1,864. 


In  terms  of  the  treaty  there  made,  Denmark  renounced  itl 
claim  to  Sleswick,  Holstein,  and  Lauenburg,  which  havt 

since  become   part  of  Prussia. Adj.   Danish,   di'nish 

(Dan.  Dansk,  dinsk;  Ger.  Danisch,  di'nish;  Fr.  Danofs, 
di'nwS,' J  It.  Danesk,  di-nA,'8i;  Sp.  Dinamabques,  de-ni 
mau'kfis,  or  Danks,  di'nis');  inhab.  Dane,  dain  (Dan 
Dansk,  dinsk  ;  Ger.  Dane,  dili'n^h). 

Deu'niark,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  Ark.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Bradford  Railroad  Station,  and  18  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Searcy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  111.,  in  Cutler 
township,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  church. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  5  miles  E.  of  Clay  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  Denmark 
township,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burlington.  It  con- 
td,ins  the  Denmark  Academy,  2  churches,  and  wagon-  and 
carriage-factories.  Pop.  276.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Skunk  River.     Pop.  817. 

Denmark,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Denmark,  a  village  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Tensas  River,  15  miles  W.  of  Waterproof.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Wildwood  Post-Office. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Den- 
mark township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  sash- 
and  blind-factory.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Saco  River.     Pop.  755. 

Denmarl^  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in  Den- 
mark township,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  888. 

Denmark,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  North- 
ern Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville,  Mich. 

Denmark,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Hastings,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  St.  Croix 
River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi.     Pop.  744. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Oxford. 

Denmark,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  Rockaway. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Den- 
mark township,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  6  or 
7  miles  S.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Black  River,  and  contains  a  larger 
village,  named  Copenhagen,  also  the  village  of  Deer  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1984. 

Denmark,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  2  miles 
E.  of  Jefferson.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  544, 

Denmark,  a  hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Mount  Gilead,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Gilead  Station.  It 
has  a  graded  school.     Here  is  Marits  Post-Office. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  21  miles 
N.  of  Gold  Beach.     It  has  a  church  and  a  sandstone-works. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  3  churches. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  in  New 
Denmark  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Green  Bay.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cheese- factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dennewitz,  dfin'n§h-\^its%  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Jliterbogk.     Pop.  322. 

Den'ning,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Den- 
ning township,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a 
church,  knife-works,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  897. 

Dennings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  4^  miles 
S.E.  of  New  Windsor.     It  has  2  churches. 

Den'nis,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  E.  of  Eatonton.     It  has  a  church. 

Dennis,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Parsons.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dennis,  a  post-township  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road, and  contiiins  villages  named  Dennis,  Dennisport,  East 
Dennis,  South  Dennis,  and  West  Dennis.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
peninsula  of  Cape  Cod.     Pop.  3369. 

Dennis,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  In 
Dennis  township,  about  1  mile  from  the  sea,  and  70  miles 
by  water  S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

Dennis,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co..  Mo. 

Dennis,  a  township  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  extends 
across  the  cape,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Cape  May  <k  Mill- 
villo  Railroad.  Pop.  1640.  It  contains  Seaville,  South 
Dennis,  East  Creek,  and  Dennisville. 

Dennis  Mills,  a  post-office  of  St.  Helena  parish,  La. 

Den'nison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  111.,  7  miles  hj 
rail  N.E.  of  Marshall,  and  11  miles  W.  of  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.    It  has  a  church  amd  a  common  school. 


DEN 


,    1026 


DEN 


Dennison^  Iowa.     See  Denison. 

Dennison^  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Polk- 
ton  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.  of  Grand  Haven.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  store. 

DennisOD)  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  ou 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus,  i  mile  from  Uhrichsvitle, 
and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofBce,  a  union  school,  sewer-pipe  and  brick-works, 
and  railroad  workshops.     Pop.  2925.     See  also  Sherman. 

Dennison,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  972, 
exclusive  of  White  Haven.     It  contains  Moosehead. 

Dennison's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Columbia  and  German  Flats  townships,  5J  miles 
S.  of  Herkimer.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Den'nisport',  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
In  Dennis  township,  about  45  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  It  has  a  manufac- 
tory of  fish-barrels,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  navigation 
and  the  fisheries. 

Den'nisville,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
Dennis  Creek,  in  Dennis  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Millville.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores.  Schooners 
are  built  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Den'ny,  a  town  of  Scotland,  on  a  railway,  co.  and  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Stirling,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  3625. 

Den'ny,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Belleville  &  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Pinckneyville. 

Denny,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co..  Pa. 

Den'nysville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Me., 
in  Dennysville  township,  at  the  head  of  tide,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  sea,  about  16  miles  by  water  W.  of  Eastport,  It  has  a 
church,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  lathes, 
and  shingles.     Pop.  of  the  township,  488. 

Dens'more,  a  post-village  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lenora,  and  94  miles  W.N.W.  of  Beloit. 

Denson's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Perry  oo., 
Tenn,,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Lindon. 

Dent,  a  village  and  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  a  small  stream  of  the  same  name,  3  milei 
S.  of  Sedbergh.  The  village  is  large,  and  has  many  antique 
houses.     Pop.  2096. 

Dent,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  head-streams  of  the  Maramec  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Copper  and 
limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  partially  trav- 
ersed by  the  St.  Louis  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  which  commu- 
nicates with  Salem,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6357;  in 
1880,  10,646;  in  1890,  12,149. 

Dent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  in  Wayne  town- 
ship, on  Dunkard  Creek,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Burton,  W.  Va. 

Denta,  dfin't5h\  or  Gyenta,  dyfin't6h\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  28  miles  S.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2919. 

Deut-du-Midi,  diN»-dU-meeMee',  a  mountain  of  the 
Alps,  on  the  frontiers  of  Valais  and  Savoy,  10,771  feet  high. 

Dentila,  d5n-tee'l4,  a  state  of  Africa,  Senegambia,  be- 
tween the  rivers  Gambia  and  FalemS,  about  lat.  13°  N., 
Ion.  12°  W.     Its  surface  is  elevated. 

Den'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  a 
railway,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stockport.     Pop.  5117. 

Den'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  Trinity  River,  called  the  Denton  Fork  and  the  Elm  Fork. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  3 
lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Denton.  Pop.  in  1870,  7251; 
in  1880,  18,143;  in  1890,  21,289. 

Denton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on 
Choptank  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Easton.  It  has  an  academy  and  5  churches. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  641. 

Denton,  a  post- village  in  Van  Buren  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  W 
by  S.  of  Detroit.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Denton,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Denton,  a  post-oflBce  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Denton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  on 
an  affluent  of  Trinity  River,  37  miles  by  rail  N.N.  W.  of  Dal- 
las. It  has  3  banks,  8  churches,  3  newspapers,  a  seminary, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  cotton-seed-oil  mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  2558. 

Denton  Fork  of  Trinity  River^  Texas,  rises  in 


Montague  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Wise  and  Den- 
ton  COS.,  and  unites  with  the  Trinity.     Length,  110  miles. 

Denton's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Ark.,  on  Poteau 
River,  6  miles  W.  of  Waldron.     It  has  2  churches. 

D'Entrecasteaux  (dftNt'r'kisHo')  Channel,  Tas- 
mania, in  lat.  43°  25'  S.  and  Ion.  147°  15'  E.,  separates 
Bruny  Island  from  the  mainland.  At  its  northern  end  it 
opens  into  the  estuary  of  the  Derwent  River. 

Dent's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Den'ver,  the  capital  and  chief  commercial  city  of  Colo- 
rado, and  county  seat  of  Arapahoe  co.,  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  South  Platte  River,  at  an  elevation  of  about 
5196  feet.  It  is  1025  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  540  miles  W. 
of  Omaha,  and  106  miles  S.  of  Cheyenne.  Lat.  39°  45'  N.  ; 
Ion.  104°  59'  23"  W.  It  has  a  dry,  healthful  climate;  mean 
annual  temperature,  49°;  annual  rainfall,  about  15  inches. 
The  sun  shines  on  an  average  29  days  in  each  month.  The 
site  slopes  gently  back  from  either  bank  of  the  river,  and 
commands  a  beautiful  view  of  a  long  mountain-range,  with 
Pike's  Peak  on  the  S.  and  Long's  Peak  on  the  N.  It  is 
exceptionally  well  built,  nearly  all  the  houses  being  of 
brick  or  stone.  It  has  wide  streets  that  are  lined  with  fine 
residences  and  substantial  business  houses  (one  of  the  latter 
costing  $1,500,000).  The  streets  are  lighted  by  electricity. 
There  are  108  churches,  an  assay  mint  of  the  United  States, 

2  first-class  theatres,  3  high  schools  (one  of  which  cost 
$321,370),  and  37  district  schools.  The  total  value  of 
public-school  property  in  the  3  school  districts  which  in- 
clude the  incorporated  pnrt  of  the  city  is  $2,901,803.  In 
addition  to  the  above  there  are  18  schools  classed  as  mis- 
cellaneous, some  of  which  are  public  Schools  immediately 
outside  the  3  districts  referred  to.  There  are  also  10  acade- 
mies and  colleges.  There  are  11  national  banks,  which 
constitute  the  clearing-house  association.  The  clearings 
for  1891  were  $229,033,002.13.    There  are  6  savings-banks, 

3  trust  associations,  several  private  banks,  3  public  libra- 
ries, gas-works,  electric-light-works,  2  water  companies, 
5  flour-mills,  3  smelters,  3  packing-houses,  3  canning- 
fa6tories,  6  breweries,  20  foundries  and  machine-shops,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  a  shoe-factory,  steel-works,  a 
stove-foundry,  Ac.  According  to  the  United  States  census 
the  total  product  of  manufactories  in  the  corporate  limits 
was  $28,794,792  in  1890.  The  smelters  and  several  of  the 
other  heavy  manufactories  are  outside  the  corporate  limits. 
The  value  of  ore  treated  in  Denver  smelters  in  1891  was 
$24,411,705.70.  There  are  6  daily  newspapers,  1  being  in 
German,  and  about  30  weekly  and  monthly  publications. 
There  are  95  miles  (single  track)  of  electric  street-railway, 
43  miles  of  cable,  and  3  miles  of  horse-car  line.  The  total 
debt  on  March  7,  1892,  was  $1,735,577.85.  The  assessed 
valuation  of  property  in  May,  1 892,  was  $70,708,780.  The 
receipts  of  the  post-office  for  1891  were  $296,403.88.  Den- 
ver is  the  emporium  of  the  rich  gold-  and  silver-mining 
districts  of  the  state,  and  also  the  chief  centre  of  the  coal 
trade.  It  was  first  settled  in  1858.  Pop.  in  1870,  4749; 
in  1880.  36,629;  in  1890,  within  corporate  limits,  106,713. 
EstiiDMtcd  pop.  in  1892,  including  adjacent  suburbs  which 
are  i)ractically  a  part  of  the  city,  140,000. 

Denver,  a  post- village  in  Harmony  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Carthage.    It  lias  a  church  and  3  general  stores. 

Denver,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Eel 
River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Peru, 
and  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  fanning-mills,  mouldings,  <tc. 
Here  is  Denver  College  and  Normal  School. 

Denver,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Waverly. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Denver,  a  post-hamlet  in  Denver  township,  Newaygo 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  White  River,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Muskegon. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
The  township  has  several  fine  lakes,  and  a  pop.  of  755. 

Denver,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co..  Mo.,  in  Allen 
township,  on  Grand  River,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Denver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C,  in  Catawba 
Springs  township,  15  miles  E.  of  Lincolnton.  It  has  a 
seminary,  3  stores,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Den'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  in  Den- 
vertoii  township,  on  a  navigable  tide-water  creek,  8  mile* 
E.S.E.  of  Fairfield,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  470. 

Denville,  a  post-village  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Rock 


1>EN 


1027 


DER 


y 


away  township,  on  the  Rockaway  River,  and  on  the  Morris 
}&,  Essex  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
(Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  a 
'public  school,  and  a  Catholic  protectory  for  boys. 

Deii2lin$;en,  dSuts'ling-^ n,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles 
3.  of  Emuiendingen.     Pop.  1497. 

J   Deobriga,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Plasbncia. 
'    De'obund^,  a   town   of  India,  district  and  21   miles 
fi.S.E.  of  Seharunpoor.     Pop.  21,714. 
'    Deogarh  Ilariah,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bariab. 
Deoghir,  a  tuwn  of  India.     See  Dowletabad. 
De^oghur',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  29  miles 
,N.E.  of  Ditteah. 
I    Deogurh,  or  Deogarh,  dee^o-gur',  sometimes  called 
'Deogurh  Baidyanath,bi^de-i-nit'h',  the  largest  town 
jof  the  Santal  Pergunnahs,  Bengal.     Lat.  24°  29'  43"  N. ; 
ion.  86°  44'  36"  E.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  contains 
great  temples  of  Siva.  Pop.  4861.    Its  railway  station,  called 
pSaidyanath  or  Baijnath,  is  4  miles  N.W.  of  the  town. 
I    Deo'la,  a  town  of  India,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Odeypoor. 
<    Deo'leea,  or  Deoli,  de-o'lee,  a  town  and  cantonment 
}of  India,  province  and  40  miles  S.  of  Ajmeer.     Pop.  6332. 
I    D6olS)   di^ol',   or   Bourg-Dieu,  booRMe-uh'  (anc. 
IVo'lum  ?),  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  li  miles  N.N.E.  of 
iChiteauroux,  on  the  Indre.     Pop.  2243. 
!    Deoree,  Deori,  de-o'ree,  or  Buradeori,  boo^rl-de- 
:o'ree,  a  town  of  India,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Saugur.     Pop.  3953, 
I    Deotsuh,  dee^ot-soo',  an  elevated  table-land  of  Bulti, 
(ill  Little  Thibet,  S.  of  the  valley  of  Iskardo.     It  is  about 
|30  miles  long  and  15  miles  broad,  and  is  12,000  feet  above 
tie  level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  34°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  20'  E. 
j    De  Oude  Maas,  "the  Old  Maas."    See  Maas,  The 
(ld. 

I    De'o  Volen'te,  or  De'o  Volan'te,  a  post-office  of 
'Leflore  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River. 
I     Depalpoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  DErpAULPOOR. 
j     Depauville,  de-po'vil,  a  post  village  of  Jefferson  co., 
If.Y.,  on  Chaumont  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  about 
1 15  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
JBjhool,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  225. 
'     Depedeieii,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Tepeleni. 

Depere,  de-pair'  or  de-peer',  a  city  of  Brown  co..  Wis., 
[iiDepere  township,  on  the  Fox  River,  5  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  also  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
and  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroads,  23  miles  N.E.  of 
I  ^.ppleton,  and  4  miles  S.AV.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  The 
river  is  crossed  by  wagon-  and  railroad-bridges.  Depere 
I  ontains  a  bank,  10  churches,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  paper- 
Imill,  2  flour-mills,  2  elevators,  6  brick-yards,  a  tile-factory, 
1  a  boat-factory,  a  pump-factory,  a  hay-press,  a  blast-fur- 
race,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  3625. 

De  Peyster,  de  pi'st^r,  a  small  post- village  of  St.  Law- 
I  rence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the  fertile  De  Peyster  township,  about  11 
I  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ogdensburg,  It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 
j  Depeyster  (de-pl'st^r)  Islands,  a  group  of  seventeen 
I  inlands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  8°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  29'  E. 
I  Deport',  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles 
I  S.E.  of  Paris.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
j  paper  office.     Pop.  274. 

I     Deposit,  d^-poz'it,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 

13  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Deposit,  a  post-village  of  Broome  and  Delaware  cos., 

I  N.Y.,  is  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  and 

on  the  Erie  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Binghamton, 

'  and  177  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.    It  contains  6  churches, 

j  a  national   bank,  2   newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 

granite-  and  marble-works,  iron-works,  and  manufactures 

I  of  iron  hay-sheds,  hair-restorer,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1879. 

'      Deptford,  dJtt'f^rd,  a  town  and  suburb  of  London,  in 

England,  in  the  cos.  of  Kent  and  Surry,  on  the  Thames 

where  it  is  joined  by  the   Ravensbourne,  contiguous  to 

1  Greenwich,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  London  Bridge.   It  is  now  a 

j  portion  of  the  metropolis.    Its  chief  buildings  are  the  parish 

I  churches,  a  well-endowed  charity  school,  2  large  hospitals 

.  for  decayed  pilots  and  shipmasters  and  their  widows,  eugine- 

1  works,  large  yards  for  ship-building,  and  a  naval  victualling 

yard.    The  great  government  dock-yards  were  abolished  in 

"      Pop.  in  1881,  76,752  ;  in  1891,  l0l,326. 


1869. 


Deptford,  d8tt'f9rd,  a  township  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.  J., 
ifl  bounded  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  contains 
Woodbury,  the  county  seat.     Pop.  4663. 

Depuch  (de-pu'  ?)  Island,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  lat.  20°  37'  45"  S.,  Ion.  117°  44'  E.,  8  mll6s  in  cir- 
cumference, composed  of  a  vast  collection  of  greenstone  rocks 
rising  500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  forming  a  remarkable 
eontrast  to  the  adjacent  low  mainland. 

De  Pue,  de-pu',  a  post-village  of  Bavtaau  oo.,  111.,  in 


Selby  township,  on  Lake  De  Pue,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rook 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  Illinois  River,  25  milei 
W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church.  About  40,000  tons  of  io« 
are  exported  from  this  place  annually. 

Dep'uty,  a  post-village  of  Jefiferson  co.,  Ind.,  about  41 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Jefi'ersonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  floar- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Der,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Deir. 

Dera,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Draa. 

Derabund,  ddr'a-biind',  or  Drabund,  dr&^btind',  a 
town  of  India,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  and 
a  rendezvous  for  caravans.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Dera  Deen  Punah,  dir'a  deen  poo'ni,  a  town  of  In- 
dia, 40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mooltan,  and  nearly  opposite  a 
village  of  the  same  name  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Indus, 

Dera  Fati  (or  Futty)  Khan,  dir'a  f&'tee  kin,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  Indus,  15  miles  N.W,  of  Leia,  Pop. 
5000,  who  trade  in  cotton,  grain,  indigo,  sugar,  and  opium. 

Dera  Ghazee  (or  Ghazi)  Khan,  dir'a  ghVzee' 
kin,  a  town  of  India,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus,  cap- 
ital of  the  district  of  the  same  name,  Lat.  30°  4'  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  51'  E.     Pop.  20,123. 

Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
jab, in  Derajat.  Lat.  28°  27'-31°  N.j  Ion.  69°  36'  30"-70» 
58'  20"  E.  Area,  4960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E,  by  the  Indus.  It  is  dry,  and  in  many  parts  even  arid, 
but  irrigation  is  extensively  practised.  Capital,  Dera  Gh» 
zee  Khan,     Pop,  308,840, 

Deraia,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Derayeh. 

Dera  Ismaeel  (or  Ismail)  Khan,  dfir'a  ees^m&-eel' 
kin,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  capital  of  the  district  of  the 
same  name.  Lat,  31°  50'  N,;  Ion.  70°  58'  E,  It  is  near 
the  Indus,     Pop.  24,906, 

Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  Brit- 
ish India,  in  Derajat.  Lat.  30°  35'  30"-32°  33'  N, ;  Ion. 
70°  15'-72°  3'  20"  E.  Area,  7097  square  miles.  It  is 
bisected  by  the  river  Indus,  and  is  in  part  almost  a  desert. 
Capital,  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,     Pop,  394,864. 

Derajat,  d4r^a-j4t',  a  division  of  the  Punjab,  British 
India,  traversed  and  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Indue, 
and  bounded  W.  by  Afghanistan.  It  consists  of  the  dis- 
tricts of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  and 
Bunnoo.     Area,  14,432  square  miles.     Pop.  991,261, 

Derayeh,  or  El  Derayeh,  41  d^-ri'ih,  written  also 
Deraia,  Derey^ea,  Deraye,  and  Derrayeh,  a  town 
of  Arabia,  formerly  capital  of  the  country  of  the  Wahabees, 
is  situated  nearly  in  the  centre  of  Nedjed,  Lat.  25°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  46°  30'  E.  It  consists  of  five  separately  fortified  quarters, 
and  had  formerly  nearly  30  mosques,  and  as  many  colleges, 
besides  bazaars;  but  in  1817  it  was  ruined  by  the  troops 
of  Ibrahim  Pasha,  after  a  siege  of  7  months.  It  is  now 
scarcely  inhabited. 

Der'be,  an  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  probably  the 
modern  village  of  Devli,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Karaman. 

Derbend,dSr'b4nd',  or  Derbent,  dir'bint'  (ano.  Al- 
hana  ?),  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  Daghestan,  on 
the  Caspian  Sea,  135  miles  N.W.  of  Bakoo.  Its  people  are 
chiefly  Mohammedans.  It  is  situated  at  the  entrance  of  a 
defile  in  the  Caucasus,  called  by  the  ancients  the  "  Albanian 
Gates,"  and  formerly  shut  in  on  the  N.  by  an  iron  gate. 
The  town  is  enclosed  by  two  walls  of  masonry,  probably  1500 
years  old;  and  seven  gates  lead  to  the  different  quarters. 
The  streets  are  straight  and  regular,  but  narrow.  The  upper 
city  forms  the  citadel,  and  is  still  in  repair.  Derbend  nai 
no  proper  harbor,  and  its  approach  is  dangerous  to  shipping. 
Pop.  17,730. 

Derby,  d^r'bee  or  dar'bee  (the  latter  pronunciation  waa 
once  universal),  or  Derbyshire,  d^r'be-shir,  a  county  of 
England,  having  N.  the  county  of  York,  E.  Notts,  S.  Lei- 
cester, Warwick,  and  Stafford,  and  W.  Stafford  and  Cheshire. 
Area,  1026  square  miles.  In  the  N.W.  is  the  S.  termination 
of  the  Pennine  chain  of  mountains,  highest  elevation  from 
1700  to  1800  feet,  composed  of  limestone,  and  abounding  in 
romantic  hill  and  dale  scenery,  caverns,  and  other  natural 
curiosities  (see  Peak)  ;  elsewhere  the  surfi&ce  is  level  or 
gently  undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Trent,  Derwent, 
Dove,  and  Wye.  Collieries  and  iron-works  are  numerous  in 
the  N.E.,  and  valuable  lead-mines  in  the  Peak  districts, 
where  marble  and  various  kinds  of  Spar  are  also  obtained. 
Canals  are  numerous,  and  branches  of  railway  intersect  the 
county  throughout.  Derbyshire  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons  for  each  of  its  three  parli6.mentary  divi- 
sions, and  two  for  its  county  town.  The  county  has  extensive 
and  varied  manufactures.     Capital,  Derby,     Pop.  627,886. 

Der'by,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the  county, 
on  the  Derwent,  at  the  head  of  its  navigation,  and  on  Mar- 
keaton  Brook,  both  here  crossed  by  handsome  bridges,  at  ■ 


DER 


1028 


DER 


railway  junction,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham,  and  15J 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Nottingham.  The  new  streets  are  well 
built,  clean,  and  well  paved;  the  older  are  crooked  and 
narrow;  and  it  has  a  spacious  market-place,  in  which 
are  a  covered  market  and  a  large  assembly-room.  The 
other  principal  edifices  are  a  fine  Grecian  structure,  con- 
taining the  post-office,  Derbyshire  Bank,  a  hotel,  public 
rooms,  a  museum,  All-Hallows'  church,  with  fine  tower  and 
monuments,  an  elegant  Roman  Catholic  church,  many  new 
chapels  of  ease  and  dissenting  chapels,  almshouses,  hospi- 
tals, the  Freemasons'  Hall,  the  Infirmary,  county  and  town 
balls,  and  an  excellent  jail.  The  Free  School,  founded  in 
llie  time  of  Henry  II.,  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  in  Eng- 
land. Among  numerous  public  institutions  are  a  philoso- 
phical society,  town  and  county  library,  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, a  nurses'  home,  a  ragged  school,  and  various  charitable 
asylums.  Adjacent  to  the  town  are  public  grounds  possess- 
ing much  beauty.  Derby  is  favorably  situated  for  manu- 
factures and  trade,  standing  at  the  S.  extremity  of  a  large 
coal-field,  and  communicatiug  by  canals  and  railways  with 
a  large  part  of  England.  It  is  a  principal  seat  for  manu- 
factures of  silk  twist  and  hosiery.  Silk  ribbons,  cotton 
fabrics,  hosiery,  lace,  porcelain  of  great  beauty  and  elegance, 
fiuor-spar  and  marble  ornaments,  are  also  made  in  large 
quantities;  and  it  has  many  rolling-mills,  foundries,  and 
other  metallic  works,  soap-factories,  tanneries,  bleaching- 
grounds,  corn-mills,  and  malting-houses.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons.  The  town  was  called  North- 
worthige  by  the  Saxons,  and  Deoraby  by  the  Danes,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  the  Roman  station  of  Derventiae. 
Pop.  in  1881,  81,168;  in  1891,  94,146. 

Der'by,  a  village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  in  Derby 
township,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Naugatuck  River,  and  on  the  Naugatuck  and  New  Haven 
&  Derby  Railroads,  9  miles  W.  of  New  Haven,  and  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Bridgeport.  A  bridge  across  the  Naugatuck  River 
connects  Derby  with  Birmingham,  which  is  in  Derby  town- 
ship. Here  are  manufactures  of  brass,  iron,  paper,  pins, 
spectacles,  &o.  The  township  contains  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  9  churches,  and  3  graded 
schools.  Pop.  of  village,  about  2000 ;  of  the  township  in 
1890,  including  Birmingham,  5969. 

Derby,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  17  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Cannelton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  common  school. 

Derby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Leon  Branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Mis- 
souri River  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.     It  has 

2  churches  and  a  printing-office.     Pop.  about  500. 
Derby,  a  post-village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 

Arkansas  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Wichita.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Derby,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Evans  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Bufi"alo. 

Derby,  or  Derby  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Derby  township,  on  Clyde  River,  4  miles  E.  of 
Newport,  and  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.    It  has 

3  churches,  the  Derby  Academy,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
lumber,  sash,  and  blinds. 

Derby,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co..  New 
Brunswick,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle.     Pop.  200. 

Derby,  Brant  co.,  Ontario.     See  Harley. 

Derby  Centre,  Vermont.     See  Derby. 

Derby  Ha'veu,  a  village  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Castletown,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Derby  Line,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  is  in 
Derby  township,  on  the  boundary  between  Vermont  and 
Canada,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Irasburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  national  bank,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 
It  is  i  mile  from  Stanstead  Railroad  Station,  Canada. 

Derbyshire,  a  county  of  England.     See  Derby. 

Derecske,  di^raich'ki\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bihar,  12  miles  S.  of  Debreezin.  Pop.  6600.  In  its  vicinity 
are  5  salt  lakes  and  a  small  pearl-fishery. 

Dereham,  England.    See  East  Dereham. 

Dereham,  Ontario.     See  Tilsonburg. 

Derenburg,  d3,'r§n-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2668. 

Derendah,  dflr'5n-dS,\  a  town  and  fort  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, vilayet  and  65  miles  S.E.  of  Seevas. 

Deretschin,  di-r5t'chin,  or  di-rdt-chin',  a  town  of 
Ptussian  Poland,  government  and  53  miles  S.E.  of  Grodno. 
Pop.  1500. 

Dereyeea,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Derayeh. 

Derg,  a  lake  of  Ireland.     See  Lough  Derg. 

Dcrganton,  derg'an-tgn,  a  village  of  Craven  co.,  N.C., 


17  miles  N.  of  New-Berne.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  storea. 
Its  post-office  is  Swift  Creek  Bridge.     Pop.  about  200. 

Deriabi,  dSr^ee-i'bee,  an  island  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Curia  Muria.  Lat 
17°35'N.;  Ion.  55°  55' E. 

Derin'da,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  about 

18  miles  S.E.  of  Galena,  and  3  miles  from  the  Mississippi 
River.     Pop.  804. 

Derinda  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  cc.  111. 

Dermbach,  dfinm'biK,  a  town  of  Saxe-Weimar,  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  1088. 

Der'mott,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chicot  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  18 
miles  W.  of  Arkansas  City. 

Derne,  Derneh,  der'nSh,  or  Der'na  (anc.  Dar'nig), 
a  seaport  town  of  Africa,  in  Barca,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Ben 
gazi.     It  was  one  of  the  cities  of  the  Pentapolis.     P.  6000. 

Dernis,  dfir'nees*,  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  50  miles  S.E. 
of  Zara,  on  the  Cicola.     Pop.  1210. 

Dernye,  dfinn'yi^  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Croatia,  on  the 
Drave,  about  4  miles  from  Neudorf.     Pop.  1700. 

De  Roche,  de-r6sh',  a  post-office  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark. 

Derpt,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Dorpat. 

Derr,  Dehr,  or  Deer,  dSr  or  dain,  a  town  of  Nubia, 
on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Nile.  Lat.  22°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  32° 
15'  E.  It  is  a  place  of  some  trade  and  importance,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  ancient  temple.     Pop.  3000. 

Derrayeh,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Derayeh. 

Der'rick  City,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  ii> 
Bradford  township,  on  the  Western  New  York  A  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Bradford,  and  i  mile  from 
Gilmore.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  oil,  which 
is  found  here.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Derr's,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Bloomsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Derrstown,  the  former  name  of  Lewisburg,  Pa. 

Derry,  a  county  and  city  of  Ireland.   See  Londonderry 

Der'ry,  a  post-village  of  Derry  township,  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  1  mile  from  Derry  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
1 1  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  several  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  reed  ribs, 
plant-stakes,  and  wired  tree-labels.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
2604. 

Derry,  or  Derry  Church,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Derry  township,  near  the  Swatara  River,  and 
on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  13i  miles  E.  of  Harris- 
burg.  It  haa  3  churches,  a  noodle-factory,  and  a  common 
school.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Derry  Church.  Pop. 
about  450 ;  of  the  township,  2288. 

Derry,  a  township  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  888,  ex 
elusive  of  Washingtonville. 

Derry,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  includes 
Derry  Station,  Branch  Junction,  Cokeville,  Hillside,  New 
Derry,  <tc.  Pop.  5170,  exclusive  of  Latrobe,  New  Alexan- 
dria, and  Livermore. 

Derry  Church,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.    See  Derry. 

Derry  Depot,  a  post- village  in  Derry  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad, 
41  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Boston,  and  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  a  bank  and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

Derrynane,  dfir-r§-nain',  a  township  of  Le  Sueur  oo., 
Minn.    Pop.  862.    It  contains  St.  Hubertus  and  St.  Thomas. 

Derry  Station,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  public  schools,  bottling-works,  glass-works,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1968. 

Der'ryville,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Cannington.     Pop.  150. 

Derry  West,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Malton.     Pop.  100. 

Dertingen,  d&R'ting-§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
6  miles  E.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  848. 

Dertona,  the  ancient  name  of  Tortona. 

Dertosa,  the  ancient  name  of  Tortosa. 

De  Ruyter,  de  ri't§r,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  De  Ruyter  township,  on  the  Elmira,  Cortland  * 
Northern  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse,  and  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Homer.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  furniture-factory, 
mills  of  various  kinds,  and  a  banking-house.  Pop.  in  1890, 
667  ;  of  the  township,  1500. 

Derval,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Darvel. 

Dervenich,  dfiR'vi-nik\  an  islet  in  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Trau. 

Der'vock,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  4  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Ballymoney. 


DEK 


1029 


DES 


^  Derwent,  d^r'w^nt,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
rises  near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  county,  and  joins  the 
Trent  on  the  border  of  Leicestershire.     Length,  50  miles. 

Derweut,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  Ea«t  Riding, 
rises  in  the  Wolds,  and,  after  a  S.  course,  joins  the  Ouse  5 
miles  below  Selby.     Length,  about  60  miles. 

Derwent)  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  rises 
in  the  district  of  Borrowdale,  and,  after  forming  the  cataract 
of  Lodore,  flows  N.  through  the  lakes  of  Derwent- Water 
and  Biissenthwaite,  and  thence  W.S.W.  past  Cockermouth  to 
the  Irish  Sea  at  Workington. 

Der'went,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  Tasmania, 
rises  from  Lake  St.  Clare,  in  the  centre  of  the  island, 
flows  past  New  Norfolk  and  Hobart  Town,  into  Storm  Bay. 

Der'went,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  London.     Pop.  150. 

Derwent-Water,  or  Kes'wick  Lake,  a  beauti- 
ful and  picturesque  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
stretches  S.  from  Keswick  for  4  miles  to  Borrowdale,  and  is 
near  the  middle  li  miles  across.  It  banks  are  rocky  and 
abrupt;  in  it  are  several  richly-wooded  islands,  and  a  re- 
markable mass  of  soft  land,  which  sometimes  partly  floats 
on  its  surface.     It  is  an  enlargement  of  the  Derwent  River. 

Der'wood,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Washington,  and  3  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Rockville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
canning-factory,  <fcc. 

De  Sable,  d§h  si'b'l,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Desaguadero,  dfis-4-gwi-Di'ro  (i.e.,  the  "outlet"),  a 
river  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  between  the  provinces  of 
San  Luis  and  Mendoza. 

Desaguadero,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  from  Lake 
Titicaca,-  of  which  it  forms  the  only  outlet,  flows  S.  180 
miles,  and  enters  Lake  Aullagas. 

Desag^uadero,  a  vast  depression  or  inter-alpine  val- 
'.ey,  in  Bolivia  and  Peru,  between  two  huge  ridges  of  the 
Andes,  into  which  the  great  chain  divides  near  the  well- 
known  city  of  Potosi,  in  lat.  19°  35'  S.,  and  again  unites  at 
the  peak  of  Vilcaiiota,  lat.  14°  30'  S.,  Ion.  78°  50'  W.  The 
\falley  occupying  the  intermediate  space  is  about  400  miles 
,n  length,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  30  to  80  miles.  It 
jomprises  an  area  of  150,000  square  miles,  and  includes  the 
jreat  lake  Titicaca,  12,795  feet  above  sea-level,  and  the 
tmaller  lake  Aullagas  or  Uros,  the  latter  of  which  receives 
.he  superfluous  waters  of  Titicaca  by  the  river  Desaguadero. 

Desaguadero  de  Osorno,  dSs-i-gwi-ni'ro  di 
o-soR'no,  a  lake  of  Araucania,  Chili,  35  miles  in  length  by 
iin  average  breadth  of  5  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus 
waters  by  the  Osorno  River  into  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

D^saigues,  di^zdn'  or  di^zain',  a  town  of  France,  Ar- 
dfeche,  on  the  Doux,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Tournon.     P.  3941. 

Des  Allemands,  dkze  ilPrnfts"'  or  dfis  4ri§h-minz', 
a  lake  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  about  5  miles  from  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  joined  by  a  bayou  of  its  own 
name  with  Lake  Washa.     Length,  about  7  miles. 

Des  Arc,  dSz  ark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Prairie  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  White  River,  2  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  Des  Arc  Bayou,  15  miles  N.  of  Devall's  BluS", 
and  about  50  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  machine-shop. 
Cotton,  hides,  Ac,  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  Over 
7000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here.    Pop.  546. 

Des  Arc,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Iron  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  28  miles 
B.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Des  Arc  Bayou,  dSz  ark  bi'oo,  Arkansas,  drains  part 
(if  White  CO.,  runs   southeastward,   and  enters  the  White 
Uiver  in  the  N.  part  of  Prairie  co. 
.  Desart,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Dysart. 

Des'borougli,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northamp- 
ton, 5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Kettering.     Pop.  1436. 

Des'borougli,  or  Des'boro,  a  seaport  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  co.  of  Queens.  Lat.  46°  21'  N. ; 
Ion.  63°  13'  W. 

Descan'so,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Deschambault,  di^shlm^bo',  a  post-village  in  Port- 
neuf  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  41 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  8  stores,  a  church 
and  convent,  a  oarding-mill,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  1456. 

Deschkin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Deshkin. 

Des  Chutes,  Wasco  co.,  Oregon.     See  Celilo. 

Des  Chutes  (di  shoot)  River,  Oregon,  rises  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Cascade  range,  near  lat.  43°  15'  N.,  runs  nearly 
northward,  with  a  small  deviation  towards  the  E.,  intersects 
Wasco  CO.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  about  12  miles 


above  The  Dalles.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  320  milea.  It 
traverses  a  hilly  or  mountainous  region,  a  large  part  of 
which  is  of  volcanic  formation. 

Descoose,  di-koos',  a  post-village  in  Riobmond  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  E.  end  of  Isle  Madame,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Arichat.     Pop.  500. 

Des^dimo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex. 

Deseada,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies.    See  Desirade. 

Deselm,  de^zelm',  or  Deselms,  de^zelms',  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  in  Rockville  township,  7  miles 
W.  of  Manteno.     It  has  2  chui'ches. 

Desemboque,  di-s5m-bo'ki,  a  town  of  Braiil,  prov- 
ince of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  Rio  das  Velhas,  about  400  miles 
S.W.  of  Goyaz.     Pop.  of  town  and  district,  5000. 

Desenzano,  das-fin-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the 
Lago  di  Garda.  Pop.  4398.  It  is  defended  by  an  old  castle, 
and  has  a  gymnasium,  several  churches,  barracks,  and  man- 
ufactures of  silk  hosiery. 

Des^eret',  a  post-office  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Desertas,  or  Las  Desertas,  lis  di-sfiR't4s,  a  group 
of  4  rooky  islets  in  the  Atlantic,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Madeira. 
Lat.  32°  31'  N.;  Ion.  16°  30'  W.  They  are  very  long  and 
narrow  and  lofty,  and  are  arranged  in  a  direct  line.  Their 
names  are  Bugio  (the  southernmost),  Deserta  Grande,  Chao, 
and  Sail  Rock,  the  northernmost  and  smallest.  They  afford 
some  pasturage,  and  abundance  of  archil  and  of  sea-birds' 
feathers.  They  swarm  with  cats,  but  have  no  permanent 
human  inhabitants. 

Desertum  Magnum,  a  Latin  name  for  the  Sahara. 

Desful,  or  Desfoul.    See  Dezfool. 

Deslia,  d^-shi',  a  southeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  733  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Ar- 
kansas and  White  Rivers.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly 
liable  to  inundation ;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  ash,  and 
other  trees.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  3  lines  of  railroad,  and  has  two 
capitals,  Arkansas  City  and  Dumas.  Pop.  in  1870,  6125; 
in  1880,  8973;  in  1890,  10,324. 

Deshkin,  Deschkin,  or  Dechkin,  d£sh-kin'  or 
dSsh-keen',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Oka.     It  has  salt-magazines. 

Desh'ler,  a  post- village  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  7  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Hebron.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery,  and 
a  public  school.     Pop.  100. 

Deshler,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the-»Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad  (Chicago  division),  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and 
25  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Defiance.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  barrel-factory,  &o.     Pop.  about  800. 

Deshti  Pyaz,  dish'tee  pi^iz',  a  large  village  of  Persia, 
in  Khorassan,  150  miles  S.  of  Meshed,  surrounded  by  one 
continuous  garden  of  mulberry  and  fruit  trees. 

Desinia,  ddh-see'm&,  called  also  D6siiima  and  De- 
zima,  an  artificial  island  of  Japan,  immediately  opposite 
the  city  of  Nagasaki,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a 
bridge.  The  island  is  about  600  feet  in  length  by  250  in 
breadth,  and  to  it  the  Dutch  merchants  in  Japan  were  for- 
merly restricted. 

Desio,  di-see'o  (ano.  Desimumf),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  11  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  5874. 

D6sirade,  di^zeeVid',  written  also  Deseada,  d5s-§- 
&'da,  Desiderada,  dds-id^er-i'da,  and  Desirada,  dSs^- 
ee-ri'da,  an  island  of  the  French  West  Indies,  4  miles  W. 
of  Guadeloupe.  Length,  4  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.  It  is 
high,  rocky,  and  unfertile,  but  well  watered.  Cotton  is 
grown,  but  fishing  is  the  leading  pursuit.     Pop.  1728. 

De  Smet,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Kingsbury  oo.,  S.D., 
33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Huron.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  wind-mills,  car- 
pets, stoves,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  641. 

Des  Moines,  d^-moin',  a  river  which  rises  in  the  S.W 

fart  of  Minnesota,  and  intersects  Jackson  co.,  in  that  state, 
t  next  crosses  the  northern  boundary  of  Iowa,  in  which 
state  it  traverses  the  cos.  of  Emmett,  Palo  Alto,  Humboldt, 
Webster,  Boone,  Ac.  Its  general  direction  is  S.S.E.  until  it 
arrives  at  the  capital  city  of  Des  Moines.  Below  this  point 
it  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction  through  the  cos.  of  Marion, 
Mahaska,  Wapello,  and  Van  Buren,  and  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi River  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Iowa,  about  3  miles 
below  Keokuk.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  550  miles.  It  is 
the  largest  river  that  runs  through  the  state  of  Iowa.  It 
traverses  a  very  fertile  and  undulating  country,  in  which 
the  prairies  are  more  extensive  than  the  forests-  An  afflu- 
ent called  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  rises  in  or  near 


I>ES 


1030 


DES 


Bmmett  co.,  Iowa,  runs  southward  through  Kossuth  co.,  and 
enters  the  main  river  in  Humboldt  co. 

Des  Moines,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  bythe  Skunk  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Good  carboniferous  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Burling- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870,  27,256 ;  in  1880,  33,099 ;  in  1890, 35,324. 

Des  Moines,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Iowa,  and  seat  of 
justice  of  Polk  co.,  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Des 
Moines  River  (at  the  mouth  of  the  Raccoon  River),  which 
affords  abundant  water-power  and  is  crossed  by  13  bridges. 
Lat.  41°  37'  N.;  Ion.  93°  37'  30"  W.  The  site  is  ele- 
vated. By  railroad,  Des  Moines  is  358  miles  W.  of  Chi- 
cago, 360  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  137  miles  E.  by  N, 
from  Omaha.  The  city  has  6  public  parks.  The  principal 
public  buildings  are  a  fine  state-house  which  cost  nearly 
$3,000,000,  and  a  marble  edifice  built  by  the  United  States 
for  the  post-office  and  court-house  at  a  cost  of  $222,566. 
There  are  in  the  city  76  church  organizations  occupying 
their  own  houses  of  worship,  the  following  denominationii 
being  represented:  Methodist  Episcopal  (including  Ger- 
man, Scandinavian,  and  African),  Presbyterian,  Baptist 
(including  African),  Lutheran  (English,  German,  and 
Swedish),  Evangelical,  Roman  Catholic  (including  Ger- 
man), United  Brethren,  Hebrew,  Friends,  Congregational, 
Protestant  Episcopal,  Christian  (Disciple),  Unitarian, 
United  Presbyterian,  Second  Advent,  and  Latter-Day 
Saints.  The  city  also  has  a  large  and  prosperous  branch 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  The  organiza- 
tion is  now  finishing  a  $75,000  building,  the  same  being 
equipped  with  parlors,  reading-rooms,  library,  gymnasium, 
baths,  music-hall,  &c.  The  buildings  will  be  free  from 
mortgage.  The  schools  of  the  city  proper  occupy  39  sub- 
stantial buildings,  including  a  new  structure  for  high  and 
industrial  departments.  The  total  number  of  teachers  em- 
ployed is  331,  their  salaries  ranging  from  $45  to  $145  per 
month,  The  superintendent's  salary  is  $2000  per  year. 
Several  new  school  buildjngs  are  now  in  process  of  erection. 
Excellent  parochial  schools  are  maintained  by  the  Roman 
Catholics  and  Hebrews.  There  are  also  private  schools,  and 
a  young  ladies'  seminary  (Catholic)  of  a  high  order.  It 
has  also  3  opera-houses,  2  high  schools,  the  state  library 
of  about  20,000  volumes,  5  national  banks,  7  other  banks, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  daily  and  30  weekly  news- 
papers and  several  monthly  periodicals.  There  are  also  in 
the  city  4  prosperous  universities, — Des  Moines  College, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Baptist  denomination ;  Drake 
University,  non-denominational,  and  yet  being  especially 
fostered  by  the  Christian  church;  Callanan  College,  and 
Highland  Park  (industrial)  College.  The  first-named  has 
fine  buildings  and  large  and  beautiful  grounds  on  Ninth 
street,  the  Drake  has  similar  buildings  and  grounds  in 
University  Place,  the  Callanan  on  Pleasant  street,  and  the 
industrial  college  at  Highland  Park.  The  aggregate  at- 
tendance upon  these  institutions  reaches  about  2000  per 
annum.  The  scholarship  of  the  faculties  ranks  high,  and 
the  courses  of  study  are  similar  to  those  of  the  b^st  colleges 
of  the  country.  Its  industries  embrace  3  iron-foundries,  3 
electric-light  plants,  3  planing-mills,  several  flouring-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  steam-engines  and  boilers, 
electric  railway  cars,  farming-implements,  carriages,  ladies' 
and  children's  shoes,  <fcc.  There  are,  all  told,  300  factories 
of  various  kinds,  which  reported  in  1890  a  capital  of 
$2,792,979  and  a  product  valued  at  $5,242,992.  The  city  is 
surrounded  by  large  deposits  of  good  coal.  It  was  one  of 
the  first  to  adopt  the  electric-car  system,  and  the  same  is 
very  complete,  covering  about  100  miles.  The  wholesale 
trade  in  1892  amounted  to  about  $40,000,000. 

Des  Moines  is  the  converging  point  for  17  railroad  lines, 
affording  as  many  distinct  outlets  by  rail,  and  giving  quick 
and  direct  communication  with  the  99  counties  of  Iowa 
and  the  country  at  large.  The  city  enjoys  complete  ser- 
vice with  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  and 
the  country  of  the  far  west.  It  is  a  distributing  point,  with 
time-tables  so  arranged  as  to  afford  close  connection  with 
all  trunk  lines  running  in  various  directions.  Ninety-six 
passenger  trains  now  arrive  and  leave  daily.  The  seat  of 
state  government  was  established  here  in  1855.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,035;  in  1880,  22,408;  in  1890,  50,093;  in  1893, 
about  72,000. 

Desna,  dSs'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of  Smo- 
lensk, Orel,  and  Chernigov,  joins  the  Dnieper  nearly  oppo- 


site Kiev,  after  a  S.  course  of  nearly  500  miles.  On  it  are 
the  towns  Briansk  and  Chernigov. 

De  So'to,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  bor- 
dering on  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  865  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Sabine  River,  and  on  the  N.E. 
by  several  lakes  and  bayous  connected  with  Red  River. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  ig 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Mansfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,962 ;  in  1880, 
15,603;  in  1890,  19,860. 

De  Soto,  a  northern  county  of  Mississippi,  bordering 
on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Coldwater  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  a  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hernando.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,021 ;  in  1880,  22,924; 
in  1890,  24,183. 

De  Soto,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  suburb  of  Rome,  apd  is 
separated  from  it  by  the  Oostenaula  River. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  in  De  Soto 
township,  on  the  Big  Muddy  River,  and  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  63  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  376;  of  the  township,  1468. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Van 
Meter  township,  22  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  &o. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  River,  16  miles  by  rail  K  of  Lawrence.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

De  Suto,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Chickiisawha  River,  31  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Meridian.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  <tc. 

De  Soto,  a  post-town  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  on  Joachim 
Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  43  miles  S.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It  has  12 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  railroad  ma- 
chine-shops. Grain,  lead,  and  zinc  are  shipped  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3960. 

De  Soto,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  26  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  from  Omaha. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  28  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse,  and  5 
miles  above  Lansing,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

De  Soto  Front,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  co..  Miss. 

De  Soto  Junction,  Kansas.    See  Cedar  Junction. 

De  So'toville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  18 
miles  S.  of  York  Station.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Des'pard  Mines,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  i  mile  E.  of  Clarksburg. 
Here  are  mines  of  coal. 

Des  Peres,  di  pair,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co., 
Mo.,  3  miles  from  Kirkwood  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  an  orphan  home,  a  manufactory  of  wagons,  <fec. 

Des  Plaines,  di  plain,  a  branch  of  the  Illinois  River, 
rises  in  Racine  co..  Wis.,  intersects  Kenosha  co.,  and  passes 
into  Lake  co..  111.  It  runs  southward  to  Lyons,  in  Cook  co., 
below  which  it  flows  southwestward,  passes  by  Joliet,  and 
•unites  with  the  Kankakee  River  about  13  miles  S.W.  of 
that  city.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the 
Illinois  River.  The  Des  Plaines  is  about  150  miles  long. 
It  is  often  called  0  Plain. 

Des  Plaines,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in  Maine 
township,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River  (here  spanned  by  a  fine 
bridge),  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  Ifii 
miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  camp-meet- 
ing ground,  a  large  brick-yard,  a  steam  flouring-uiill,  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  1000. 

DespotO  Dagli,dSs-po'toda,g  (anc.  ^Aoci'ope),  a  moun- 
tain-chain of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  leaves  the 
Balkan  about  40  miles  E.  of  Ghiustendil,  extends  S.E.,  and 
terminates  on  the  bank  of  the  Maritza,  the  basin  of  which 
river  it  bounds  on  the  S.W.     Elevation,  7800  feet. 

Des  Riviferes,  di  reeVee-aiR',  or  Malmaison,  vaiV- 
mi^zAiT"',  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  on  Pik« 
River,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

Dessau,  d^s'sow,  written  also  Des'saw  (L.  Deaaa'via), 
a  town  of  Northern  Germany,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  An- 
halt,  on  the  left  branch  of  the  Mulde,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Elbe,  at  a  railway  junction,  67  miles  S.W.  of  Berlin. 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town  and  several  suburbs, 
and  is  well  built  and  lighted.  Principal  public  edifices,  the 
ducal  palace,  built  in  1470,  and  having  a  theatre,  a  good 
collection  of  paintings,  and  other  works  of  art ;  two  othef 
palaces,  the  Amelia,  Aayljim,  the  gymnasium,  riding-school 


DES 


1031 


DBU 


liUtheran,  Roman  Catholic,  and  2  Calvin  ist  churches,  and  a 
'  aynagogue.  It  has  a  college,  a  normal  school,  schools  of 
I  music,  a  Jewish  classical  seminary,  manufactures  of  wool- 
j  lens,  linens,  hats,  musical  instruments,  tobacco,  spirits,  and 
j  leather,  and  a  brisk  trade.  The  ground  around  Dessau, 
originally  a  sandy  waste,  has  been  reclaimed,  and  is  now 
eovered  with  beautiful  gardens,  which  form  the  principal 
I    attraction  of  the  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  34,658. 

Dessook,  or  Dessuk,  des^sook',  written  also  Desulf 

[   and  Ed-Dasook,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Rosetta  arm  of 

I  the  Nile,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Daman- 

I   hoor.     It  is  a  place  of  Moslem  pilgrimage. 

I      Desterro,  dds-tdn'no,  or  Nossa  Senhora  do  Des- 

terro,  nos'si  s5n-yo'ri  do  dfis-tfia'ao,  a  city  of  Brazil, 

I   capital  of  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  on  the  W.  coast 

,  of  the  island  of  Santa  Catharina,  460  miles  S.W.  of  Rio 

j   Janeiro.     Chief  buildings,  the  palace  of  the  governor  of  the 

state,  an  arsenal,  and  a  small  hospital.     It  is  defended  by 

several  forts,  and  has  an  excellent  port.     Pop.  5300. 

Desvres,  dfiv'r   or  daiv'r,  a  town  of  France,  in   Pas- 

de-CaJais,  11  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  3265. 

I  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  earthenwares, 

I  and  leather. 

j      Deth'wick-Lea,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles 

by  rail  N.  of  Derby.  Pop.  965. 
j  Det'mold  (Ger.  pron.  dSt'molt),  a  town  of  Germany, 
I  japital  of  the  principality  of  Lippe,  on  the  Werra,  47  miles 
I  3.W.  of  Hanover.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  with 
I  I  suburb,  and  has  a  palace  of  the  prince,  a  normal  school,  a 
!  jymnasium,  a  good  library,  a  penitentiary,  a  hospital,  and 
d  school  of  arts  and  sciences.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  summer 
)alace  of  the  princes.     Pop.  in  1875,  6956;  in  1890,  9735. 

Det'mold,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  from 
!few  Haven.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Detour,  d§-toor',  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich., 
'lear  St.  Mary's  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Petoskey. 
Detour  du  Lac,  d§-tooR'  dii  \ik,  or  Notre  Dame 
da  Lac,  not'r  dim  dii  lik,  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata 
<  0.,  Quebec,  on  Lake  Temiscouata,  47i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ri- 
'■ifere  du  Loup  en  ba».     Pop.  180. 

Detour  (d§-toor')  Point,  a  headland  of  Chippewa  co., 
Ilioh.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  opposite  the  W. 
i  ixtremity  of  Drummond  Island.     Lat.  45°  57'  N.;  Ion.  84° 
< '  W.     Between  the  island  and  the  point  is  Detour  Pas.-^. 

Detroit',  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  30  miles 
U.N.E.  of  Aberdeen,  Miss.  It  has  an  academy. 
Detroit,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  about  27  miles 
I  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It 
I  las  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.  P.  IfiU. 
I  Detroit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
jibe  Kansas  River,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Abilene. 
I  Detroit,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Sebastioook  River,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has 
la  church  and  1  or  2  tanneries.  Pop.  about  250. 
!  Detroit,  de-troit'  (Fr.  pron.  d4Hrw4',  from  the  "  strait" 
■  which  constitutes  the  Detroit  River),  the  metropolis  of 
I  Michigan  and  seat  of  justice  for  Wayne  co.,  is  a  port  of 
jentry  very  favorably  situated  at  the  head  of  that  stream 
jand  the  foot  of  Lake  St.  Clair,  opposite  Windsor,  Walker- 
|ville,  and  Sandwich,  in  Canada,  with  a  river  front  of  about 
j9  miles  and  a  total  site  of  30  square  miles.  Lat.  of  city 
jhall,  42°  19'  51"  N. ;  Ion.  83°  2'  54.6"  W.  The  river,  "  the 
JDardanelles  of  the  New  World,"  is  here  half  a  mile  to  3 
iffiiles  wide,  has  no  freshets,  and  makes  an  admirable  harbor. 
iThere  is  ample  steamer  and  other  vessel  service;  12  rail- 
ways, most  of  them  trunk-lines,  converge  upon  3  union 
jdepots,  and  the  city  has  an  extensive  system  of  tram-ways, 

Eartly  equipped  with  electric  motors.  Its  site  is  rather  flat, 
I  ut  has  good  drainage  and  one  of  the  finest  water-services  in 
the  world.  Electric  lights  are  used  upon  tall  towers,  giving 
superb  views  from  lake  or  land  as  the  city  is  approached  by 
night.  The  fire  department  includes  about  20  steam-  and 
{chemical-machines,  and  an  alarm-telegraph,  with  a  paid 
jforce  of  300  men.  The  metropolitan  police  number  about 
1400,  with  full  apparatus  of  telephones,  signal-boxes,  patrol- 
wagons,  &,G.  Public  schools  occupy  over  50  large  buildings, 
and  there  is  an  unusual  number  of  private  and  parochial 
ischools,  including  the  Detroit  (Catholic)  College,  2  colleges 
iof  medicine,  and  a  law  school.  Streets  are  wide,  partly  on 
'picturesque  European  plans,  and  superbly  set  with  trees, 
and  a  handsomely  improved  boulevard  surround?  the  major 
part.  Belle  Isle,  "  the  beautiful  islet,"  is  a  noble  park,  and 
there  are  many  smaller  public  spaces  in  the  city.  Fort 
JWayne  is  a  four-company  garrisoned  post  at  the  southwest 
corner.  The  city  is  well  built,  largely  of  stone  and  brick, 
^nd  mostly  in  separate  homes,  with  no  swarming  tenement 
jbooses.    Among  public  structures  are  a  costly  new  govern- 


ment building,  a  fine  city  hall  set  with  statue*,  a  public 
library  containing  100,000  volumes,  suflScient  market  and 
other  municipal  edifices,  a  soldiers'  monument  designed  by 
Randolph  Rogers,  a  fountain  given  by  the  late  Governor 
Bagley,  3  opera-houses,  and  a  number  of  creditable  hotels. 
The  later  and  some  older  churoh  buildings  are  noble  ex- 
amples of  architecture.  About  150  church  societies  and 
missions  are  organized,  and  Catholic,  Episcopal,  and  Meth- 
dist-Episcopal  bishops  reside  here.  Public,  denominational, 
and  private  charities  abound.  A  board  of  trade,  chamber 
of  commerce,  and  numerous  exchange;;  have  been  formed. 
There  are  16  state,  8  national,  and  several  private  banks, 
and  7  daily,  2  semi-weekly,  38  weekly,  6  semi-monthly,  20 
monthly,  1  bi-monthly,  and  3  quarterly  periodicals.  Com- 
merce is  enormous,  and  a  greater  tonnage  passes  annually 
than  by  any  other  port  on  the  globe.  Industries  are  ex- 
ceedingly diversified,  and  bring  large  revenues.  Much 
wealth  is  also  still  derived  from  the  lumber  business  of  the 
interior  and  the  mines  of  the  Upper  Peninsula.  Total  valua- 
tion for  taxation  in  1892,  $184,229,130;  tax-rate,  16.63  mills. 
The  death-rate  rarely  reaches  20  per  1000  of  population. 
The  site  of  Detroit  was  part  of  New  France.  It  was  settled 
as  a  trading  and  fortified  post  by  Cadillac  in  1701,  became 
British  in  1763,  American  in  1796,  British  again  in  1812, 
and  finally  American  in  1813.  It  is  older  than  St.  Peters- 
burg, Philadelphia,  or  Baltimore,  and  has  an  interesting 
history  and  historic  surrounding.  It  was  the  capital  of 
Michigan  Territory,  and  for  a  time  of  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1810,  770;  in  1820,  1442;  in  1830,  2222;  in  1840,  9102; 
in  1850,  21,019;  in  1860,  45,019;  in  1870,  79,577;  in  1880, 
116,340;  in  1884,  132,956;  in  1890,  205,876;  in  1892 
(estimated),  260,000. 

Detroit  (Detroit  City  Post-OflBce),  a  post-village,  eap- 
ital  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  Detroit  Lake,  and  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Moorehead,  and 
207  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  ofiice,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890, 1510. 

Detroit,  a  post- village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  an  academy,  a  mill,  a  cotton-gin,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  604. 

Detroit  River,  Michigan,  issues  from  Lake  St.  Clair, 
runs  southward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  the  province  of  Ontario  (Canada),  and 
enters  Lake  Erie  near  its  western  end,  about  20  miles  below 
the  city  of  Detroit.  It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  varies 
in  width  from  i  mile  to  1  mile.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
ships.     Detroit  is  the  French  for  "  strait." 

Dets,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Decs. 

Detta,  dfit'toh^  or  Gyedu,  dyi'doo'  or  jA'doo',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Temesvar.     P.  2745. 

Dettelbach,  dSt't^l-biK^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  WUrzburg.    Pop.  2255. 

Dettenheim,  ddt't^n-hime^  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in 
Middle  Franeonia,  25  miles  S.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  350. 

Dettingen,  dfit'ting-§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiir- 
temberg,  in  the  Black  Forest,  on  the  Enns,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Nurtingen.     Pop.  2850. 

Dettingen,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ulm.     Pop.  1450. 

Dettingen,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franeonia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  As- 
chaffenburg.  In  June,  1743,  the  allied  British  and  Austrian 
army,  under  George  II.,  gained  a  victory  here  over  the 
French,  under  Marshal  Noailles.    Pop.  657. 

Dettva,  d5tt'vSh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl,  20 
miles  E.  of  Altsohl.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  10,035. 

Dettweiler,  d&tt'*i^l§r  (Fr.  Dettwiller,  dittVeePlaiR'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  4i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Zabem,  on  the 
Zorn.     Pop.  1809. 

De  Turks'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Pine  Grove. 

Deucar,  du'kar',  a  towfl  of  NepauL  Lat.  28°  8'  N. ; 
Ion.  82°  E. 

Deuel,  du-el',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  630  square  miles. 
It  contains  lakes,  and  is  intersected  by  two  railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Clear  Lake.     Pop.  in  1880,  2302 ;  in  1890,  4574. 

Deuel,  a  post-office  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D. 

Deule,  dul,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Pas-de-Calaia, 
passes  Lille  to  Quesnoy,  in  Nord,  and  joins  the  Lys. 

Deulina,  dii-lee'ni,  a  village  of  Russia,  government 
and  33  miles  N.  of  Moscow,  on  the  Voria. 

Deurue,  di-iiu'n^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Helmond.    Pop.  4291 

Deurne,  d^^URn',  a  village  of  Belgium,  2  miles  B.  of 
Antwerp.     Pop.  3164. 


DEU 


1032 


DEV 


Denslemont,  durm6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1952. 

Deutichem,  d8'te-K8m,  Doetichem,doo'te-K4m,  or 
Doetinchem,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland, 
on  the  Old  Yssel,  16  miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2504. 

Deutschbrod,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Brod. 

Deutschendorf,  doitch'§n-doRf\  or  Foprad,  po^- 
prid',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  15  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Iglo.     Pop.  1091. 

Dentscher  Buna.    See  Germany. 

Dentsches  Meer,  the  German  for  North  Sea. 

Dentsch-Hause,  doitch-hSw'z^h,  or  Husowa,  hoo- 
Bo'vi,  a  town  of  Moravia,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop. 
1750. 

Deutsch-Krone,  doitch-kro'n^h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
on  Lake  Radnor,  61  miles  W.N.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  6146. 

Deutschland.     See  Germany. 

Deutsch-Lyptsch,  Hungary.     See  Nemeth-Lipcse. 

Deutweiler,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Dudweilbr. 

Deutz,  or  Duytz,  doits  (the  Tui'tium  of  the  Romans), 
a  fortified  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Rhine,  opposite  Cologne,  with  which  city  it  is  united 
by  a  fine  railway  bridge  and  a  bridge  of  boats.  It  has  an 
ancient  Benedictine  abbey,  a  railway  junction,  a  large  mili- 
tary establishment,  and  manufactures  of  playing-cards, 
soap,  porcelain,  velvets,  and  silk.     Pop.  14,513. 

Deux-Ponts,  duh-p6N8  (Ger.  Zweibrilcken,  tswi-briik'- 
k^n ;  L.  Bipon'titim),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  formerly 
capital  of  an  independent  duchy,  on  the  Erbach,  near  its 
confluence  with  the  Serre,  50  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Speyer. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  remains  of  an  ancient  ducal  palace, 
a  penitentiary,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  leather,  cotton,  silk  plush,  and  tobacco.  In  the  vi- 
cinity are  the  ruins  of  a  fine  castle  built  by  Stanislaus, 
King  of  Poland.  The  French  name  Deux-Ponts,  and  the 
German  ZweibrUcken,  both  signifying  "two  bridges,"  are 
derived  from  the  circumstance  of  its  old  castle  being  situ- 
ated between  two  bridges.  Lat.  49°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  20'  E. 
Pop.  about  12,000. 

Deux-S6vres,  duh-saiv'r  or  duh-sfivr  {i.e.,  the  "two 
Sfevres"),  a  department  in  the  W.  of  France,  formed  of  part 
of  the  old  province  of  Poitou.  Area,  2315  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  divided  by  a  plateau  into  two  parts, — a  moun- 
tainous, rocky  region,  partly  wooded,  in  the  N.E.,  called 
the  Gatine,  and  a  level  district.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Sevre-Niortaise  and  the  SSvre-Nantaise,  from  which  it  de- 
rives its  name.  The  soil  is  generallj'  fertile,  pasturage  is 
excellent,  and  cattle,  horses,  mules,  and  asses,  the  latter  of 
an  excellent  breed,  are  extensively  reared.  Game  and  fish 
abound.  Chief  industry,  the  manufacture  of  leather,  gloves, 
woollens,  linens,  cottons,  and  beet  sugar.  The  department 
has  mines  of  iron,  marble,  and  granite,  and  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Niort,  Bressuire,  Melle,  and  Par- 
thenay.     Capital,  Niort.     Pop.  in  1891,  354,282. 

Deva,  di'voh^  (Ger.  Diemrich,  deem'riK,  or  Schlossberg, 
Bhloss'bSRQ;  L.  Becap'oliaf),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co. 
of  Hunyad,  on  the  Maros,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Szaszvaros. 
Near  it  are  a  copper-mine  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  3277. 

Deva,  di'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  with  a  port 
on  the  Deva,  near  the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  1136. 

Deva,  or  Deva  Castra.    See  Chester. 

Deva,  the  Latin  name  of  the  river  Dee. 

Devaar,  or  Davar,  d§-var',  a  small  isle  of  Argyle- 
shire,  Scotland,  with  a  light-house,  in  Kilbrannan  Sound, 
off  Campbeltown. 

DeVall's'  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Prairie  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  & 
Little  Rock  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  87 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Memphis.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office  and  a  saw -mill, 
t    Devana,  an  ancient  name  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland. 

Devanchalli,  a  town  of  India.    See  DAwaNDHULLY. 

Devaues,  de-vainz',  a  post- village  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.C.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
lumber-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  130. 

Devaprayaga,  diVi-pri-1'gi,  a  town  of  Northern 
India,  in  Gurhwal,  reckoned  holy  to  Hindoos  as  being  the 
place  where  the  Bhagirathi  and  Alakananda  Rivers  unite 
to  form  the  Ganges.  It  has  an  ancient  temple,  and  numerous 
stone  houses  inhabited  by  Brahmans. 

Devecser,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Devetser. 

Dev'enish,  an  island  of  Ireland,  in  Lough  Erne,  2 
miles  N.N.  W.  of  Enniskillen.  It  contains  remains  of  ancient 
religious  establishments. 

Dev'ens,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indianap- 
olis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 


Deventer,  or  Dewenter,  dfiv'en-t^r,  sometimes  called 
Dem'ter  (L.  Daven'tria),  an  ancient  fortified  city  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Zutphen,  on 
the  Yssel.  The  streets  are  generally  narrow,  but  the  mar- 
ket-places large  and  wide.  The  town  house  is  of  great  size ; 
in  it  the  athenaeum  has  its  library.  The  court-house  and 
prison  are  handsome  structures,  as  is  also  the  weigh-house, 
an  ancient  building.  There  are  1  Catholic  and  5  Protest- 
ant churches,  several  hospitals,  and  an  orphan  house;  the 
Jews  have  a  small  synagogue.  Though  no  longer  the  third 
commercial  city  of  the  Netherlands,  it  still  derives  great 
advantages  from  its  harbor  on  the  Yssel.  It  exports  many 
t~housand  tons  of  butter  and  of  honey-cakes,  and  has  a  carpet- 
factory,  foundries,  a  stocking-manufactory,  and  various  other 
industrial  establishments.  It  has  an  athenaium,  a  Latin 
and  an  industrial  and  other  schools,  a  fine  arts  society,  a 
natural  history  and  chemical  society,  and  a  society  for  the 
encouragement  of  industry.  Deventer  is  the  seat  of  an  Old- 
Catholic  (Jansenist)  bishop.     Pop.  (1892),  23,708. 

Devereaux,  div'^-rS^,  a  township  of  Washington  co., 
Me.     Pop.  8. 

Devereaax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Lansing  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  31  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Lansing. 

Devereaux,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  East 
Canada  Creek,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Devereaux  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Macon  &  Augusta  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Milledgeville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school-and  a  milL 

Devereux,  dSv'^-ro^,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Swampscott  &  Marblehead  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road, li  miles  from  Marblehead. 

Devereux,  a  station  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Ellicottville,  N.Y. 

Dev'eron,  or  Dov'eron,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Aberdeen  and  Banff,  enters  the  North  Sea  at  Banff. 

Dev'er's  Woods,  or  Dev'er's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lib- 
erty  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  <fc  New  Orleans  Railroad,  53 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Devetser,  or  Devecser,  diS-4ch'aiR',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  80  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3381. 

Dev*icot'ta,aseaport  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  district  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Tanjore. 

De  View,  de  vu',  a  post- village  of  Woodruff  co..  Ark., 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  3  churches,  a  free  school, 
and  manufacturers  of  wagons,  buggies,  and  plough-stocki. 

Dev'il  Island,  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  in  lat.  54°  58' 
30"  S.,  Ion.  69°  4'  50"  W.  It  is  in  the  portion  of  the 
Fuegian  archipelago  belonging  to  Chili. 

D6ville-le8-Ronen,  dl'veel'-li-roo-fiKo',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Cailly,  2  miles  N.W. 
of  Rouen.  Pop.  4183.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  cloths, 
chemicals,  and  paper. 

Dev'il's  Ba'sin,  a  port  in  Christmas  Sound,  Terra 
del  Fuego.     Lat.  55°  16'  S.;  Ion.  70°  W. 

Devil's  Bit  Mountains,  a  mountain -range  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Tipperary,  between  the  Shannon  and  the  Suir. 

Devil's  Bridge  crosses  the  Reuss,  in  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Uri,  16  miles  S.  of  Altorf. 

Devil's  Gate,  a  station  in  Weber  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Devils  Lake,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ramsey  co., 
N.D.,  on  Devils  Lake  (see  Minnewaukan),  90  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  state  school  for  the  deaf,  a  flour-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  846. 

Devil's  Lake,  a  station  in  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Baraboo,  and 
37  miles  N.W.  of  Madison,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  li 
miles  long  and  ^  mile  wide,  which  lies  in  a  deep  rooky 
chasm  and  has  no  visible  inflow  or  outlet.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  summer  resorts  in  the  Northwest. 

Devil's  Peak,  a  mountain  of  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  in 
lat.  33°  57'  12"  S.,  Ion.  18°  31'  45"  E.     Height,  3315  feet. 

Devil's  Punch-Bowl,  a  small  lake  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Kerry,  near  the  summit  of  Mangerton  Mountain,  between 
2000  and  3000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Devizes,  de-vi'ziz  ("The  Vize"  or  "Vies"),  a  borough 
of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Kennet  &  Avon  Canal,  86 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  London.  It  is  built  on  an  eminence  near 
the  N.  limits  of  Salisbury  Plain.  The  main  streets,  branch- 
ing  from  a  large  market-place,  are  spacious,  well  paved,  and 
lighted.  The  principal  buildings  are  2  ancient  churches,  an. 
endowed  school  and  almshouse,  a  handsome  town  hall  an" 
cross,  a  large  county  jail,  and  a  workhouse.  Devizes  bw 
mills  for  silk-throwing,  manufactures  of  snuff  and  of  malt. 


DEV 


1033 


DEW 


^d  one  of  the  largest  markets  for  grain  in  the  W.  of  Eng- 
land.    It  sends  a  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  6839. 
Devi'zeS)  a  post-oflace  of  Norton  oo.,  Kansas. 
Devli,  dfiv'lee,  written  also  Diwle^  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Karaman.     Pop.  4500. 

Devoch  (dee'vSk)  Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of 
Cumberland,  4i  miles  E.  of  Ravenglass.  Area,  300  acres. 
Dev'on,  or  Devonshire,  dSv'9n-8hjr  (L.  Devo'uia), 
a  county  of  England,  forming  part  of  its  S.W.  peninsula, 
,  and  having  N.  the  Bristol  Channel,  E.  the  counties  of  Somer- 
set and  Dorset,  S.  the  English  Channel,  and  W.  Cornwall. 
I  Area,  2586  square  miles.  The  surface  is  greatly  broken 
and  diversified,  but,  except  the  wild,  sterile  tracts  Dart- 
:  moor  and  Exmoor,  is  generally  remarkable  for  fertility. 
I  The  vale  of  Exeter,  and  the  district  bordering  on  the 
I  English  Channel,  called  the  South  Hams,  are  especially 
I  beautiful  and  rich.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Exo,  Dart, 
I  Tamar,  Taw,  Torridge,  Teign,  and  Axe.  The  inlets  of  Tor- 
bay  and  Plymouth  Sound  are  respectively  upon  its  S.E.  and 
j  S.W.  sides.  The  county  is  famed  for  its  cider.  The  red 
'  Devon  breed  of  cattle  is  highly  esteemed ;  and  Dartmoor 
)  feeds  large  numbers  of  small  ponies.  Mines  of  copper  and 
j  tin  are  extensive.  Arsenic  and  manganese  are  also  mined. 
I  Lead,  granite,  kaolin,  and  umber  are  here  found.  The 
j  Great  Western  Railway  extends  through  the  S.  part  of  the 
i  county,  past  Exeter,  to  Plymouth.  Capital,  Exeter.  Ply- 
;  mouth,  Devonport,  Tavistock,  Tiverton,  Barnstaple,  Honiton, 
j  Totness,  Ashburton,  and  Dartmouth  are  the  chief  towns. 

Pop.  in  1891,  631,767. Adj.  Detonian,  d^-vo'ne-an. 

j      Dev'on,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Perth  and  Clack- 

I  mannan,  rises  in  the  Ochil  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Forth 

.  near  Alloa.     It  has  remarkable  falls  near  the  village  of 

I  Crook  of  Devon,  and  its  scenery  has  been  celebrated  by  Burns. 

■  Hpevon,  Ontario.     See  Centralia. 

I  ^bevonport,  dSv'9n-port  (until  1824  called  Plymouth 

™  W)ck),  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  at  its  S.W. 

extremity,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  estuary  of  the  Tamar, 

I  termed  the  Hamoaze,  2  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth. 

I  The  town  stands  on  high  ground,  and  is  enclosed  by  ram- 

Earts  defended  by  batteries.  It  is  remarkably  clean  and  well 
uilt.  It  is  as  a  naval  arsenal  the  largest  in  Great  Britain 
I  that  Devonport  derives  its  chief  characteristics.  The  national 
;  works,  constructed  for  government  purposes,  cover  not  less 
I  than  358  acres,  comprising  two  of  the  finest  dock-yards  in 
'  the  world.  Across  the  harbor  extends  a  floating  bridge. 
I  The  principal  structures  are  the  residence  of  the  port  ad- 
I  miral,  the  government  house,  the  barracks,  the  hospital, 
'  chapels  of  ease,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and  a  Doric  col- 
I  amn  erected  on  a  height  to  commemorate  the  changing  of  the 
;  name  of  the  town.  Devonport  has  breweries,  soap-factories, 
I  and  an  extensive  trade  in  refitting  and  victualling  ships. 
Pop.  49,449;  of  parliamentary  borough  (1891),  70,238.  Its 
principal  suburbs  are  Morice  Town  and  Stoke. 
Devonshire,  England.  See  Devon. 
Devra-Taboor,  dSv'ri-ti-booR',  or  Debra-Ta- 
I  boor,  dfib'ri-ti-booR',  a  populous  town  of  Abyssinia,  35 
miles  E.  of  Lake  Dembea,  in  lat.  11°  55'  N.,  Ion.  37°  45'  E. 
Devrighi,  dev^ree-ghee'  (anc.  Nicop'olie?),^,  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  62  miles  E.  of  Seevas. 

Devynock,  de-viin'ok,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  and  7 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brecknock.     Pop.  of  parish,  1734. 
Dewa,  a  river  of  India.     See  G<)GGRa. 
De^wald',  a  hamlet  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Worthington.     Pop.  of  Dewald  township,  103. 
Dewandre,  Ceylon.     See  Dondra  Head. 
Dewangary,  deeVin-gi'ree,  a  populous  village  of 
Bootan,  having  several  Booddhic  temples. 

Dehvart',  a  post-village  of  Nortnumberland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sunbury. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
cigar-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

De^wass',  a  town  of  India,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Oojein.  It 
ia  the  capital  of  a  rajahship,  under  British  protection. 

De^weese',  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles  by 
tail  W.  of  Edgar,  and  II  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Clay 
Centre.     It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  about  300. 
^^  Jbewenter,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Deventer. 
^Upewey,  a  post-oflSce  of  Illinois.    See  Bbherens. 
^■Bew'ey,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  307. 
I      i>ewey's,  a  station  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pittsfield,  Mass., 

on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Pittsfield. 
-!      Dewey's,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana. 
Dewey's  Mills,  a  station  in  Hartford  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Woodstock  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
White  River  Junction. 
66 


Dew'eyville,  a  post- village  of  Box  Elder  oo.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Ogden.  It  ban 
a  church.     It  is  on  Bear  River. 

De  Witt,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Illinois,  ha« 
an  area  of  about  405  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Salt 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  good  timber,  the  former  of  which  are 
more  extensive  than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  which  passes  through 
Clinton,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  also  by  the  Terro 
Haute  &  Peoria,  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
St.  Louis  Railroads.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,768 ;  in  1880, 17,010 ; 
in  1890,  17,011. 

De  Witt,  a  southern  ooanty  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  880  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Guad- 
alupe River.  The  surface  is  agreeably  diversified  with 
rolling  uplands,  prairies,  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  produces  pasture  for  great  numbers  of  cattle.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  produced  in  small  quantities.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and 
the  San  Antonio  &  Arransas  Pass  Railroad,  both  of  which 
communicate  with  Cuero  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6443; 
in  1880,  10,082;  in  1890.  14,307. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  25  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  E.  of  Stuttgart,  and  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  saw  -mill, 
and  a  cotton-gin  and  mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  246. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co..  111.,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  N.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2  churches  and  u  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  265. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  is  in  De 
Witt  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  20  miles 
N.  of  Davenport,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Clinton.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  and  farming-implements.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  It  is  the  trade  centre 
of  a  farming-district.     Pop.  1359 ;  of  the  township,  2437. 

De  Witt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Washington. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  ou  Look- 
ing-Glass  River,  in  De  Witt  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Lan- 
sing, and  92  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  plough-factory,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and 
2  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  1391. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  18  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  CarroUton  and  84 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  2  wagon-  and 
carriage-factories,  and  an  axe-handle-  and  broom-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  633. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Big 
Blue  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.W.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  grain-elevators,  2  grist-mills,  &c.     Pop,  761. 

De  Witt,  a  township  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  B. 
of  Syracuse.     Pop.  4560. 

De  Witt  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse. 

De  Witt  Land,  a  region  in  Australia,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  between  Ion.  120°  and  123°  E.,  opposite  Dampier 
Archipelago,  discovered  by  De  Witt  in  1628. 

De  Witt's  Islands,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Tasmania, 
between  South  Cape  and  Southwest  Cape. 

De  Witt'ville,  a  post- village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Chautauqua  Lake,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Mayville.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  manu- 
factures of  cheese  and  butter,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  cider- 
mills.     Pop.  150. 

Dewittville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  is  adjacent 
to  Claryville,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ellenville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  tannery. 

De  witt'ville,  or  Port 'age,  a  post-village  in  Hunting 
don  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Chateauguay  River,  43  miles  S.  of 
Montreal.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  saw-,  grist-,  and 
carding-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Dew'sah,  a  considerable  town  of  Western  India,  32 
miles  E.  of  Jeypoor,  enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Dewsbury,  dewz'b$r-e,a  town  of  England,  co.  o!  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  Calder,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leeda,  on  2 
railways.  It  has  a  free  school,  a  mechanics'  institute,  coal- 
mines, branch  banks,  a  blanket-hall,  and  large  manufuc 
tares  of  blankets,  carpets,  and  yam.  The  Calder  Navigation 
connects  the  town  with  Hull  and  Liverpool.    Pop.  29,847. 


DEX 


1034 


DHD 


Dex'ter,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  10  milea 
by  rail  (Samples  Station)  N.  by  W.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Dexter,  a  post-village  of  EflBngham  co..  111.,  23  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Vandalia,     It  has  a  church. 

Dexter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  i  mile  from 
the  Ohio  River. 

Dexter,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa, 
36  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  about  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Adel.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  607. 

Dexter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  in  Dexter 
township,  on  Grouse  Creek,  19  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Win- 
field.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  371. 

Dexter,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Dexter 
township,  on  a  small  lake,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  7 
churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  ofSce,  woollen-mills,  a  foun- 
dry and  machine-shop,  a  door-,  sash-,  and  churn-factory,  and 
harness-  and  carriage-works.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2732. 

Dexter,  a  post- village  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in  Soio 
township,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ann 
Arbor.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  banking-house, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  and  2  flour-mills. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  879. 

Dexter,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  35  milea 
by  rail  E.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  a  church  and  a  publio 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  150. 

Dexter,  or  Dexter  City,  a  post-village  of  Stoddard 
CO.,  Mo.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  7  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Bloomfield,  and  49  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  a  publio 
school,  and  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  792. 

Dexter,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  315  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Dexter,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  7  miles  W.  by  N. 
from  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches,  2  paper-  and  4  pulp- 
mills,  a  sulphite-  and  3  wood- factories,  Ac.     Pop.  737. 

Dexter,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Dexter,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  19  miles  S.E. 
of  Eugene  City.     It  has  3  church  organizations. 

Dexter,  a  post- village  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Red  River,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Denison.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  226. 

Dexter,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  is  drained  by 
the  Yellow  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Green  Bay  &  Min- 
nesota Railroad.  Here  are  pine  forests,  cranberry  marshes, 
and  quarries  of  fine  granite. 

Dexter  City,  a  post-village  of  Noble  oo.,  0.,  in  Jack- 
son and  Jefferson  townships,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of 
Caldwell.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  roller-mill, 
and  a  stone  quarry.     Pop.  217. 

Dexter  City,  a  village  of  Missouri.    See  Dexter. 

Dex'terville,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  James- 
town, and  is  called  East  Jamestown.     Pop.  430. 

Dexterville,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
from  Fulton. 

Dexterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Yellow  River,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  <k  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  lumber-mill, 
A  granite-quarry,  and  a  bed  of  kaolin. 

Deynze,  or  Deynse,  din'z^h  (anc.  Bon'zaf),  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Lys.     It  has  gin-distilleries.     P.  3822. 

Deypaulpoor,  or  Depalpur,  di'pawrpooB'  or  dr- 
pawPpoor',  a  town  of  India,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Indore.  Pop. 
4000. 

Deyrah,  a  town  of  Hindostan.     See  Dehra. 

Dey's  (diz)  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Geneva. 

Deza,  dik'thk,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Soria,  on  a  rugged  hill.     Pop.  1273. 

Dezfool,  Dezful,  or  Dezphoul,  diz^fool',  written 
Also  Dizfoul,  Desfoul,  and  Desful,  a  town  of  Persia, 
in  Khoozistan,  of  which  it  is  the  principal  mart,  on  the  Dez- 
fool River  (Coprates),  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shooster.  Pop. 
15,000.  From  the  inferior  size  of  its  bazaar,  the  merchants 
expose  their  goods  for  sale  in  private  dwellings  or  caravan- 
saries. It  has  ruins  of  ancient  buildings,  and  near  it  are 
many  mounds  of  Sassanian  origin. 

Dezima,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Desima. 

Dhabhai,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dhubboreb. 

Dhabouli,  di-boo'Iee,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  dis- 
»riot.     Pop.  4582. 


Dhafar,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Dhopar. 

Dhalak,  dlMik'  or  d'hiMik',  or  Dahalak,  di^hl^lik' 
(anc.  Orine  f),  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  25  miles  E.  of  Mas- 
sowah,  in  Abyssinia,  23  miles  in  length  by  15  in  breadth. 
Its  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  a  coral-fishery.  On 
its  S.  coast  is  the  village  of  Dhalak.  Several  small  islands 
near  it  are  called  the  Dhalak  Islands. 

Dhalkisor,  a  river  of  India.     See  Dalkissore. 

Dhamgaon,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dhungaum. 

Dhamie,  di^mee',  one  of  the  Sikh  states  of  Northwest- 
ern India,  S.  of  the  Sutlej,  protected  by  the  British.  Area, 
26  square  miles.     Pop.  5500. 

Dnamonee,  d&'m9-nee',  orDhamani,  d&^m&'nee',B 
fortifi^  town  of  India,  dominions  and  150  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Gwalior. 

Dhampoor,  a  town  of  India.  .  See  Dahpoor. 

Dhamrai,  d&m-ri',  a  town  of  the  Dacca  district,  Ben 
gal,  on  the  Bunsee  River,  in  lat.  23°  54'  55'  N.,  Ion.  90°  14' 
55"  E.     Pop.  5136. 

Dhamtari,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dhuhtert. 

Dhanikhola,  d&-ne-ko'l&,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  My- 
munsingh,  on  the  river  Satua,  in  lat.  24°  39'  N.,  Ion.  90" 
24'  E.     Pop.  6730. 

D'Hanis,  da'nis,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Dhapa,  a  town  of  Thibet.     See  Deba. 

Dhar,  dar,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Malwah,  governed 
by  a  rajah,  under  British  supervision.  Area,  2500  square 
miles.     Capital,  Dhar.     Pop.  150,000, 

Dhar,  or  Dharanaggur,  dar^a-niig'giir,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  Dhar  state,  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ba- 
roda.  Outside  the  walls  is  a  stone  fortress  containing  the 
rajah's  palace.     Estimated  pop.  80,000. 

Dharampnr,  a  state  of  India.     See  Dhurrumpoor. 

Dharampur  Ratti,  di-rim-poor'  r&t'tee,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop,  3072. 

Dharmandal,  dar-m&n-d&r,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in 
Tiperah,  lat.  24°  12'  25"  N.,  Ion.  91°  12'  15"  E.    Pop.  3180. 

Dharwar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dabwar. 

Dhawalaghiri,  da-wAr§,-ghdr'ree,  a  lofty  peak  of  the 
Himalaya  Mountains,  in  Northern  India,  formerly  sup 
posed  to  be  the  culminating  point  of  the  earth's  surface,  be- 
tween Nepaul  and  Thibet,  in  lat.  29°  N.,  Ion.  82°  50'  E. 
Estimated  height,  28,000  feet.     See  Himalaya  Mountains. 

Dhenkanal,  den-k&-n&r,  a  native  state  of  India,  the 
most  prosperous  of  the  Cuttack  Mehals.  Lat.  20°  31'-21'' 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  3'-86°  5'  E.  Area,  1463  square  miles.  It 
is  governed  by  a  maharajah,  and  is  generally  well  culti- 
vated and  fertile.  Pop.  178,072.  Dhenkanal,  the  capital, 
lat.  20°  39'  45"  N.,  Ion.  85°  38'  16"  E.,  has  a  pop.  of  4500. 

Dhlauha-Trcbowa,  Bohemia.     See  Langetriebe, 

Dhofar,  or  Dofar,  do^faR',  written  also  Dhafar,  for- 
merly a  celebrated  city  of  Yemen,  said  by  Arab  writers  to 
have  been  the  residence  of  most  of  the  kings  of  that  country. 
This  was  probably  the  Sapphara  metropolis  of  Ptolemy,  and 
the  Saphar-Regia  of  Pliny. 

Dholka,  dol'ki  or  d'hol'k&,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  20,854. 

Dhollera,  dorie-r&,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ahmedabad,  to  which  a  railway  extends. 
It  is  near  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  and  is  a  port  for  shipment 
of  cotton.     Pop.  12,468. 

Dholpoor,  Dholpnr,  d&I-poor',  or  Dolpore,  d(l- 
por',  a  native  state  of  Rajpootana,  India,  governed  by  a 
rana  under  British  superintendence.  Area,  1656  square 
miles.  Lat.  26°  30'-26°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  32'-78°  20'  E. 
It  is  a  fertile  region.     Capital,  Dholpoor.     Pop.  500,000. 

Dholpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  34 
miles  S.  of  Agra. 

Dhoolia,  or  Dhulia,  doo'Iee-a,  a  town  of  the  Candeish 
district,  India,  181  miles  N.E.  of  Bombay.     Pop.  11,333. 

Dhoorcatee,  dooR^ki'tee^  or  d'hoor*ki-tee',  written 
also  Dargoti,  a  small  Sikh  state  in  Northwestern  India, 
protected  by  the  British.  Area,  8  square  miles.  Pop.  700, 
It  contains  Mount  Toongroo,  10,102  feet  high,  Lat,  31°  8' 
N,;  Ion.  77°  40'  E, 

Dhubboree',  or  Dhnb^ooee',  written  also  Dhab- 
hai, diib^h4-ee',  a  decayed  town  of  India,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Baroda,  famous  for  its  ruined  temples  of  stone. 

Dhumtery,  or  Dhamtari,  diim't§-ree*,  a  town  of 
India,  Central  Provinces,  165  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nagpoor. 
Pop.  4632. 

Dhnndoo'kar,  written  also  Dhundooka  and 
l^handuka,  dun-doo'ka,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  62 
miles  S.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  9782. 

Dhun^gaum',  or  Dhamgaon,  dhiim'g&'pn,  a  toini 
of  India,  Bombay  presidency.  Lat.  22°  10'  N.;  Ion.  76°  6'  B. 
Pop.  11,274. 


DHU 


1035 


DIG 


Dhunowrah,  da-n5w'rl,  a  town  of  India,  Rohilcund 
ision.     Pop.  6382. 
'Dhurbnngah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Durbungah. 
Dhurrumpoor^  or  Dharampur,  dbQrViim-poor',  a 
native  llajpoot  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  lying  S.  of  Bansda 
and  E.  of  tourat.     Area,  225  square  miles.     Pop.  74,592. 

Dhurrumpooree;  dar^riim-poo'ree,  a  decayed  town 
of  India,  in  Gwalior,  on  the  Nerbuddah,  in  lat.  22°  10'  N., 
Ion,  75°  26'  E. 

Diablerets,  d4^ib'l§h-ri',  a  remarkable  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  in  the  Bernese  Alps,  between  the  cantons  of 
Bern  and  Valais.     Height,  10,190  feet. 
Diablo,  Mount.     See  Mount  Diablo. 

iadin,  dee-4Meen',  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  25 
es  W.N.W.  of  Bayazeed,  on  the  Moorad-Chai. 
~  iakover,  Hungary.  See  Deakovar. 
iala,  dee-i'li,  or  Diyalah,  dee^yi'li,  a  river  of 
,  an  aflBuent  of  the  Tigris,  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Shirvan,  Holwan,  and  other  intermediate  streams,  all 
flowing  from  the  mountains  of  Kermanshah.     It  is  sup- 

Ked  to  coincide  with  the  ancient  Gyndes. 
>ialiguely,    dee-iMee-gi'lee,   a   village    of    Western 
ica,  in  the  Bondoo  country,  on  the  Falem6,  in  lat.  14° 
36'  N.,  Ion.  12°  10'  W. 

Di'alton,  post-hamlet,  Clark  oo.,  0.,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dayton.     It  has  a  carriage-shop  and  tile-works.     Pop.  61. 

Diamant,  dee^i^m6N»',  a  town  of  the  French  island  of 
Martinique,  in  the  Antilles,  on  the  S.  coast,  8  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Fort-de-Franee,  near  the  Morne  de  Diamant,  a  volcanic 
mountain  1568  feet  in  elevation.     Pop.  1457. 

iamante,  de-i-min'ti,  a  coast-town  of  Italy,  prov- 

and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1S39. 

iamante,  de-i-min'ti,  Neuque,  nfi'oo-ki,  or  Neu- 

en,  nS^oo-ghfin',  a  large  river  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 

an  af3uent  of  the  Rio  Negro,  having  its  sources  on  the 

ilopes  of  the  Andes.   Lat.  36°  16'  S.  j  Ion.  70°  W.   Length, 

ut  170  miles. 

iamantina,   de-i-m&n-tee'n&   (formerly  Tejaco, 

•hoo'ko),  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  in  the 

.moKd  district,  situated  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  high 
mountains,  220  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto,  5700  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre.    The  streets  are  wide  and  paved.     Pop.  10,000. 

DiamantinO)  de-i-m&n-tee'no,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Qrosso,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Ouro  and 
Diamantino,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cuyab^.  Pop.  4500. 
The  Rio  Diamantino  ("  Diamond  River"),  so-called  from 
the  valuable  diamonds  found  in  its  basin,  was  discovered  in 
1728.  The  government  closed  the  district,  in  order  to 
monopolize  the  gold  and  diamonds,  which  led  to  an  exten- 
sive emigration  in  1749. 

Diamond)  di'mpnd,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa, 
Pop.  742. 

Diamond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  below  New  Orleans.  It 
has  a  church. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  Ohio,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Alliance,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Ra- 
venna.    It  has  a  church  and  public  schools.     Pop.  250. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  stave-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  of  Whitman  co.,  Washington, 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Colfax. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Pakenham.     Pop.  150, 

Diamond  Bluff,  a  post- village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  in  a  small  township  of  the  same 
name,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Prescott,  and  10  miles  (di- 
rect) S.W.  of  Ellsworth.  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores, 
and  a  stave-factory.     Pop,  of  the  township,  472. 

Diamond  City,  a  post-village  of  Meagher  co.,  Mon- 
tana, about  40  miles  E,  by  N.  from  Helena.  It  has  a  news- 
pap^  office.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Diamond  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Morris  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  Cottonwood  Creek  in  Chase  co. 

Diamond  Creek,  a  township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop-  663.     It  contains  Elmdale,  Hymer,  and  Elk. 

Diamond  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co..  111. 

Diamond  Harbor,  British  India,  in  Bengal,  is  in  the 
dver  Hoogly,  34  miles  below  Calcutta. 

Diamond  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Diamond  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
m  Cumberland  township,  4  miles  E,  of  Manville  Station, 
It  has  a  granite-quarry.     Pop.  90. 

Diamond  Hill,  a  township  of  AbbevDle  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1760.     It  contains  Centreville. 


Diamond  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Henderson  oo,,  Tenn,,  10 

miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Diamond  Island,  British  Burmah,  is  in  tke  Mtvary 
of  the  Bassein  River,  12  miles  S.E,  of  Cape  Negrais. 

Diamond  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co..  111.,  on  a 
fine  lake,  36  miles  N.N.W,  of  Chicago,     It  has  a  church. 

Diamond  Lake,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  69^ 

Diamond  Lake,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Mich,,  on  the 
Michigan  Air-Line  Railroad,  2  miles  E,  of  Cassopolis,  on 
a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Diamond  Peak,  Oregon,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  stands  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lane  co.,  about 
lat.  43°  28'  N.  and  Ion,  121°  55'  W. 

Diamond  Point,  of  Sumatra,  bounds  W.  the  Strait 
of  Malacca.     Lat.  5°  16'  N,;  Ion,  97°  40'  E, 

Diamond  River,  a  small  stream  of  Coos  co,,  in  the 
N.  part  of  New  Hampshire,  falls  into  Dead  River. 

Diamond  Spring,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co,, 
Cal.,  about  4  miles  S,  of  Placerville,  and  about  38  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sacramento,  It  has  church  organizations,  a 
public  school,  3  wineries,  3  distilleries,  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Diamond  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  Diamond  Creek,  33  miles  W,N,W.  of  Emporia, 

Diamond  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co,, 
Mich.,  on  Rabbit  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Allegan.  It  haa 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,'  and  a  shingle-mill.    Pop.  about  200. 

Diamondsville,  Pennsylvania.     See  Dimonville. 

Diamond  Valley,  township,  Morris  co.,  Kan.    P.  156. 

Diamper,  de-im-pain',  or  tldiamperur,  oo*d?-im- 
p§-roor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Travanoore,  14  miles  E.  of 
Cochin,  in  lat.  9°  56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  29'  E. 

Diana,  di-an'a,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Diana,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown,  is  drained  by  the  Os- 
wegatchie  River.  Here  Joseph  Bonaparte  once  resided.  It 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  lumber,  and  iron.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1925. 

Diana  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Dianium,  an  ancient  name  of  Denia. 

Diano,  de-4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno^ 
on  the  Calore,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  7482. 

Diano  d'Alba,  de-4'no  dil'bi  (anc.  Dia'nium  Alben'- 
sium  Pompejano' rum  ?),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
3i  miles  S.  of  Alba.     Pop.  1919. 

Diano-Marino,  de-i'no-mi-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Porto  Maurizio,  near  Oneglia.     Pop.  2164. 

Dia'ra  ThinUonga',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  3691. 

Diarbekir,  dee^aR^b^-keeR',  or  Diarbekr,  dee-aR'- 
bikr,  also  called  Kara  Amid,  k&'ri  &-meed',  a  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its  own  name,  is 
situated  near  the  Tigris,  in  lat.  37°  56'  30"  N,,  Ion,  39°  52'  E. 
It  is  enclosed  by  a  vast  wall  of  dark  stone,  is  substantially 
built,  and  has  a  citadel,  some  cotton-  and  silk-looms,  and 
manufactures  of  morocco,  pipes,  jewelry,  copper- wares,  Ac 
It  is  the  see  of  a  Chaldean  patriarch,  and  has  a  large  trade 
by  caravan  and  river.     Pop,  about  45,000, 

Diarbekir,  or  Diarbekr,  a  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, forming  the  W,  part  of  Turkish  Armenia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  37°  and  39°  N,  and  Ion,  38°  and  42°  E,,  having 
N,,  W,,  and  S,  the  Euphrates,  separating  it  from  the  pashalics 
of  Erzroom,  Seevas,  Marash,  and  Damascus,  and  E,  the 
pashalics  of  Van  and  Koordistan,  Its  centre  is  traversed 
by  the  Upper  Tigris,  The  chief  cities  are  Diarbekir,  Oorfa, 
and  Mardeen, 

Di'as  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co,,  N.J.,  3^ 
miles  W.  of  Cape  May  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches, 

Dibai,  a  town  of  India,    See  Debaee. 

Dibbah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Deba. 

Dibbie,  a  lake  of  Africa.     See  Debo. 

Dibertsville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Stanton's  Mibt.. 

Dibio,  an  ancient  name  of  Dijon. 

Dibong,  dee^bong',  or  Dibang,  dee^bing',  a  river  of 
Thibet,  one  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Brahmapootra,  joins 
the  Dihong  in  lat.  27°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  95°  10'  E. 

Di^brell',  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Dice's  Head,  a  point  or  cape  at  the  entrance  of  Cas- 
tine  Harbor,  Me.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  116  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  44°  21'  N.;  Ion.  68°  45'  30"  W. 

Dickelvenne,  dik^k^l-vjnn',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  1620. 

Dick'ens,  a  county  of  N.W.  Texas,  traversed  by  the  Salt 
Fork  of  Brazos  River.    Area,  900  sq.  miles.   P.  in  1890, 295. 

Dick'erson,  a  ~)st-village  of  Champaign  co,,  111,,  43 
miles  by  rail  W,  of  Alvan,  and  18  miles  (direct)  N.W.  ^t 


Die 


1036 


DIE 


Dickerson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  36 
miles  by  rail  N,W.  of  Washington,  D.C.     Pop.  75. 

Dick'ey,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Dakota. 
Area,  1152  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  James  or 
Dakota  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  and  Great  Northern  Railroads.  Capital,  Ellen- 
dale.     Pop.  in  1890,  6573. 

Dickey'S)  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  3  miles  by  rail  from  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

Dickey's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edmondson  co.,  Ey., 
on  Nolin  Creek,  80  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Dickey's  Mountain,  a  post-oflBce  of  Fulton  oo.,  Pa. 

Dick'eysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Dunleith,  111.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dick'eyville,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Dick'inson,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  408  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Okoboji 
River,  and  contains  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which  is 
Spirit  Lake.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  two  railroads,  which 
pass  through  Spirit  Lake,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 1389 ; 
in  1880,  1901;  in  1890,  4328. 

Dickinson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Kansas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Chapman's, 
Lyon's,  and  Turkey  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  About  95  per  cent,  of  it  is 
prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  bay  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Union 
Pacific,  Atchison,  Topeka  <jk  Santa  F6,  and  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Abilene.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3043;  in  1880,  15,251;  in  1890,  22,273. 

Dickinson,  a  post- township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Malone.  Pop.  1664.  See  Dickin- 
son Centre. 

Dickinson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stark  oo.,  N.D., 
116  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bismarck.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and  brick-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  897. 

Dickinson,  or  Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Pa.,  J  of  a  mile  from  Ahlston  Station,  and 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  coach-factory 
and  a  tannery.     Here  is  Dickinson  Post-Office. 

Dickinson,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1731. 

Dickinson  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Dickinson  township,  on  Deer  River,  48  miles  E.  of 
Ogdensburg.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania.    See  Carlisle. 

Dickinson's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Whittle's  Railroad  Station. 

Dickinson's  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Stormont 
00.,  Ontario,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
head  of  the  Cornwall  Canal,  78  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal, 
and  1  mile  from  Wales,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  It 
contains  4  churches  and  several  factories  and  mills.  A 
ferry  crosses  the  river  to  Massena,  N.Y.     Pop.  300. 

Dick  Johnson,  a  township  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.    P.  1496. 

Dick's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  oo.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Tuskegee,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Dick'son,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
Cumberland  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Harpeth  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Charlotte.  Pop.  in  1870,  9340;  in  1880, 
12,460  ;  in  1890,  1.3,645. 

Dickson,  a  post-village  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cor- 
inth, and  18  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has 
2  stores,  a  lime-kiln,  and  a  limestone-quarry. 

Dickson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  7  miles 
(direct)  W.N.W.  of  Bentonville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Dickson,  a  township  of  Edwards  oo..  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Little  Wabash  River.     Pop.  739. 

Dickson,  a  township  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.     Pop.  204. 

Dickson,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Newark  to  Straitsville,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Newark. 

Dickson,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C. 
Dickson,  a  post-village  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  42  miles  W. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
Vroome^  wagons,  <&c.     Pop.  in  1890,  938. 


Dickson  City,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Scranton,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Forest  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  common  school,  a 
foundry,  and  machine-shops.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3110. 

Dick'sonburg,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  about  15  houses. 

Dick's  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Rock  Castle  co.,  ruM 
northwestward  through  Lincoln  co.,  and  enters  the  Ken- 
tucky River  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Nicholasville.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Dicomano,  de-ko-m4'no  (anc.  Deeuma'numf),  a  town 
of  Italy,  18  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Florence,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Dicomano  with  the  Sieve.     Pop.  3961. 

Didam,  deM&m',  or  Diem,  deem,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  Gelderland,  13  miles  S.  of  Zutphen.     P.  3359. 

Did'dch,  a  village  of  Western  Africa,  Bondoo  country, 
near  the  Falem6  River,  in  lat.  13°  52'  N.,  Ion.  12°  18'  W. 

Di'do,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Miss. 

Dido,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  N.W 
of  Fort  Worth. 

Didyme,  an  ancient  name  of  the  island  of  Salina. 

Didymotichos,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Demotica. 

Die,  dee  (anc.  De'a,  or  De'a  Vocontio'ruvi),  a  walled 
town  of  France,  in  Drdme,  on  the  DrOme,  37  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Valence.  Pop.  3427.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks, 
paper,  and  leather. 

Dieburg,  dee'b55RO\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on 
the  Gersprenz,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Darmstadt.  It 
has  a  castle,  and  oil-,  paper-,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  3881. 

Diedenhofen,  dee'd^n-ho-f^n  (Fr.  Th{onville,te'bi!»^- 
veel'),  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  German  Lorraine,  on  the 
Moselle,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Metz.  It  has  a  gymnasium, 
and  manufactures  of  iron-ware,  gloves,  and  hosiery.  P.  7168. 

Diederen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Digren. 

Dieditz,  dee'dits,  or  Diedice,  de-i-deet'sd.,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  1580. 

Diego,  de-i'go,  or  dee'go,  a  bay  of  Anegada,  one  of  the 
Virgin  Islands,  West  Indies. 

Diego  Alvarez.    See  Gough's  Island. 

Diego  Garcia,  de-i'go  gaR-see'S,,  the  most  S.  of  the 
Chagos  Islands,  Indian  Ocean,  with  an  excellent  harbor. 

Diego  Ramirez,  de-i'go  ri-mee'r4s,  an  island  group 
in  the  South  Pacific,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Horn.  Lat.  56° 
25'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  44'  W. 

Diego  Suariez,  de-4'go  swi-re-is',  or  British 
Sound,  a  fine  harbor,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  Mada- 
gascar.    Lat.  (N.  point)  12°  13'  48"  S. ;  Ion.  49°  23'  30"  E. 

Diehlstadt,  deel'st&t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Diekirch,  dee'kSSuK,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  18  miles  N.  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Sure.     P.  3500. 

Dielli,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Timor.    See  Dilli. 

Dielsdorf,  deels'doRf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  681. 

Diem,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Didah. 

Diemel,  dee'm^l,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the  Werra 
24  miles  N.  of  Cassel.     Length,  50  miles. 

Diemrich,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Deva. 

Dienville,  de-iNo^veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Bar-sur-Aube.     Pop.  1168. 

Diepenbek,  dee'p^n-bfik^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Limbourg,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2850. 

Diepenheim,  dee'p§n-hime\  or  Diepen,  dee'p?n,  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Overyssel,  17  miles  K 
by  S.  of  Deventer.     Pop.  1389. 

Diepholz,  deep'h61ts\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
60  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bremen,  on  the  Hunte.    Pop.  2489. 

Dieppe,  dySpp  or  de-Spp',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
Seine-Inf6rieure,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Arques,  on  the  Eng- 
lish Channel,  and  33  miles  N.  of  Rouen.  Lat.  of  light- 
house, 49°  65'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  6'  2"  E.  Two  lines  of  rail- 
way connect  it  with  Paris.  It  is  divided  into  the  town 
proper  and  the  suburb  Le  Pollet,  which  communicate  by  a 
flying  bridge,  both  being  well  furnished  with  water  from  an 
aqueduct.  There  is  also  a  well-built  southwestern  suburb, 
called  La  Barre.  The  principal  edifices  are  an  old  castle 
on  a  cliff  W.  of  the  town,  2  churches,  the  town  hall,  hospi- 
tal, college,  theatre,  public  library,  baths,  and  a  school  of 
navigation.  The  port,  enclosed  by  2  jetties  and  bordered 
by  quays,  was  small  and  inconvenient,  but  has  been  much 
enlarged  and  improved,  so  that  it  is  now  the  best  on  the 
Channel.  It  has  several  spacious  wet-docks.  Dieppe  has  ao 
active  general  trade,  ship-building  docks,  manufactures  of 
ivory-wares,  watches,  lace,  &o.,  and  is  a  packet-station 


DIE 


1037 


DIL 


eommunicatingby  steamboats  with  Newhaven  and  Grimsby. 
Dieppe  is  a  watering-place  much  frequented  by  visitors  in 
■ummer,  but  still  more  towards  autumn.  It  was  once  the 
principal  port  of  France,  and  its  inhabitants  were  dis- 
tinguished for  their  enterprise.     Pop.  (1891)  21,503. 

Dieppe^  river,  Netherlands.     See  Hollands-Diep. 

Dierdorf,  deer'doRf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14 
milea  N.N.E.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1343. 

DiereU)  dee'r^n,  properly  Diederen,  dee'd^r-^n,  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  in  the  Veluwe, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Arnhem. 

Diersburgy  deers'b5dRG,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Of* 
fenburg,  on  a  mountain-slope.     Pop.  1086. 

DieS)  or  Diese,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Dieze. 
^HDiesseii)  dees's^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Ammer, 
^^Kmiles  S.E.  of  Landsberg.     Pop.  1176. 
^^M^iesseii)  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra- 
fcant,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  956. 

Diessenhofen,  dees's§n-ho^f§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  Rhine,  5i  miles  E.  of  Schaff- 
hausen.     Pop.  1443. 

Diest)  deest,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  on 
the  Demer,  and  on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Louvain.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens,  hosiery,  beer,  Ac.    Pop.  7561. 

Dietenheim,  dee't§n-hime\  a  town  of  WUrtemberg, 
on  the  lUer,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Biberach.     Pop.  1144. 

Dietfurt,  deet'fSoRt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Altmuhl,  23  miles  W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1115. 

Dietigheim,  dee'tio-hime^  or  Dittigheim,  dit'tie- 
hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Tauber,  1  mile  S.  of 
Bischofsheim-am-Tauber.     Pop.  862. 

Dietikon,  dee'te-kon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  8  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1639. 

Dietlingen,  deet'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1720. 

DietAVyl)  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Ditwyl. 

DietZ)  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Diez. 

Dietzenbach)  deet's§n-bik\  a  village  of  Hesse,  prov- 
ince of  Starkenburg,  7  miles  E.  of  Erankfort-on-the-Main. 
Pop.  1456. 

Dieu,  an  island  of  France.     See  Isle-Dieu. 

Dieu-Ie-Fit,  de-uh'-l^b-fee,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Drdme,  17  miles  E.  of  Mont^limart.  It  has  manufactures 
j  of  woollen  cloths,  earthenwares,  and  glass.  Pop.  3072.  In 
I  the  town  are  twe  acidulated  springs,  and  2  miles  N.E.  is  a 
I     curious  stalactitic  cave. 

Dieulouard,  de-uhMoo-an',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Nancy. 
Pop.  1414. 

Dienzey  de^oz'  (anc.  De'cem  Pa'gi),  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Lorraine,  on  a  railway,  9  miles  E.  of  Salzburg.  It 
I  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  large  church,  hospitals,  and 
I  manufactures  of  linen  cloth,  hosiery,  hats,  and  soda.  A 
I  mine  in  the  vicinity  yields  rock  salt.  Pop.  2659. 
i         Die  Wiiste^  a  German  name  for  the  Sahara. 

DieZ)  or  DietZ)  deets,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Aar,  at  its  mouth  in 
the  Lahn,  10  miles  N.  of  Nassau.  It  consists  of  an  old  and 
a  new  town,  and  has  a  castle,  used  as  a  house  of  correction, 
2  churches,  and  a  school  of  horticulture.     Pop.  416. 

Dieze^  Diese,  dee'z^h,  or  Dies*  dees,  a  river  of  the 

Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  formed  by  the  junction  of 

^^^e  Aa  and  the  Dommel,  falls  into  the  Meuse. 

I^^Dif'ficult,  or  Diiicult,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

llpDiffnane  (diff'n&n')  Island,  in  the  Red  Sea,  one  of 

Tne  Dhalak  group,  8i  miles  from  the  nearest  shore. 

Dig'by,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic.  Brier  Island  and  a 
headland  called  Digby  Neck  enclose  St.  Mary's  Bay  on  the 
N.W.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  mountains,  valleys, 
and  lakes,  the  last  of  which  give  rise  to  several  rivers. 
Copper  and  silver  ores  are  found  in  the  county.  The  under- 
lying rock  consists  of  sandstones  of  the  coal  measures. 
Area,  1022  square  miles.     Capital,  Digby.     Pop.  19,896. 

Digby,  a  port  of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia,  the  capital  of 
Digby  CO.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Digby  Neck,  140  miles  W.  of 
Halifax,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 
This  is  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the  fisheries,  and  the 
herrings  of  Digby  have  attained  a  wide  celebrity.  Ship- 
building is  also  largely  carried  on.     Pop.  1951. 

Digentia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Licenza. 

Digges  (digz)  Islands,  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  S.W. 
side  of  Hudson's  Strait.     Lat.  62°  37'  N.;  Ion.  74°  18'  W. 

Dighton,  di't9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lane  co., 
Kansas,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Scott,  and  31  miles  W.  of 
Ness  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
oommon  schools,  and  general  stores.    Pop.  304. 


Dighton,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Taunton,  and  42  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  wool-scouring  mill,  color-works,  stove- 
lining  works,  and  manufactures  of  pumps.  Pop.  of  Digh- 
ton township,  1889. 

Dighwara,  de-gw&'r^,  a  town  of  the  Saran  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  3878. 

Dignano,  deen-y&'no,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
Istria,  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Triest.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  2 
monasteries.     Pop.  4731. 

Digne,  deen  (anc.  Di'nid),  a  walled  town  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Basses-Alpes,  on  a  hill-side 
near  the  Bl^onne,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Aix.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  bishop's  palace,  courts  of  assize  and  commerce,  a 
public  library,  tanneries,  and  trade  in  prunes,  almonds, 
corn,  hemp,  and  cattle.     Pop.  5540. 

Digoa,  a  town  of  Borneo.     See  Deegoa. 

Digoin,  dee^gwiw"'  (anc.  Benegon' tium  f),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  W.  of 
Charolles.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware  and  trade 
in  salt.     Pop.  2712. 

Digue,  or  La  Digue,  13,  deeg,  an  island  of  the  Sey- 
chelles Archipelago.     Lat.  4°  21'  12"  S. :  Ion.  55°  55'  15"  E. 

Dihong,  dee^hong',  or  Dihang,  dee^hing',  the  great 
western  stream  forming  with  the  Dibong  the  Brahmapootra 
River,  in  India.  It  breaks  through  the  Himalayas  near 
lat.  28°  15'  N.,  Ion.  95°  10'  E.,  and  is  supposed  to  be  iden- 
tical with  the  San-poo,  in  Thibet.    See  Brahmapootra. 

Dijon,  dee^zhAijo'  (anc.  Dib'io  or  Div'io),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  C6te-d'0r,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Ouche  and  Suzon,  on  the  Canal  of  Burgundy, 
and  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  197  miles  S.E.  of 
Paris.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and  has  many  fine  publio 
walks  and  beautiful  environs.  The  chief  public  buildings 
are  a  palace  of  the  princes  of  Cond6,  a  castle  built  by  Louis 
XI.  and  Louis  XII.  and  serving  for  barracks,  the  town  hall, 
prefecture,  a  large  old  court-house,  a  theatre,  hospitals, 
prisons,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.  It  has  2 
public  libraries,  one  containing  70,000  volumes,  a  cabinet 
of  natural  history,  courts  of  assize  and  of  commerce,  an 
acadSmie  univeraitaire,  8  colleges,  schools  of  medicine  and 
the  fine  arts,  and  a  botanic  garden.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  hats,  earthenware,  soap, 
beer,  lace,  type,  hardware,  chemicals,  condiments,  chandlery, 
and  leather ;  but  its  chief  dependence  is  on  its  wine-trade, 
it  being  the  principal  depot  and  market  for  the  sale  of  Bur- 
gundy wines.  Dijon  is  a  very  ancient  city,  and  is  believed 
to  be  of  Roman  foundation.  The  annals  of  the  Middle  Ages 
give  constant  evidence  of  its  importance  as  the  capital  of 
Burgundy.     Pop.  in  1886,  60,855;  in  1891,  65,428. 

Dijonnois,  or  D^onnais,  dee^zhon^ni',  an  old  di- 
vision of  France,  in  Burgundy.  Its  capital  was  Dijon.  It 
is  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  C6te-d'0r. 

Dil'day's,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn. 

Dil'do  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  188. 

Dil'igent  Strait,  a  channel  or  passage  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  between  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  Middle  Andaman  and 
some  contiguous  islands,  and  a  group  or  chain  of  larger 
islands,  extending  from  lat.  11°  48'  to  12°  20'  N.  It  is 
from  6  to  9  miles  wide,  except  towards  the  middle,  where 
it  is  only  2  or  3  miles  in  width. 

Dilk's,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Dillenburg,  diriQn-b5dR6\  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Dille.  It  has  an  ancient 
ruined  castle,  a  college,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics.  In  its  vicinity  are  cop- 
per-mines and  potash-  and  lime-works.     Pop.  3628. 

Dil'ler,  a  post-village  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Endicott.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  2  grain-elevators.     Pop.  126. 

Dil'lerville,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Reading  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Dille's  (dil'l^z)  Bot'tom,  a  post-village  of  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Mead  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  2  miles  from 
Moundsville,  W.  Va.    Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  260, 

Dil'ley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on  th« 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portland. 

Dilli,diriee,DelIy,  dil'lee,  or  Dielli,  de-fil'le,  a  town 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  capital  of  the  island  of  Timor, 
on  its  N.W.  coast,  in  the  Portuguese  possessions. 

Dillingen,  dil'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Danube,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Augsburg. 
It  is  enclosed  by  ancient  walls,  and  has  a  palace,  an  orphan 
asylum,  2  priests'  seminaries,  a  deaf-mute  school,  barraoki^ 


OIL 


1038 


DIN 


gymnasium,  and  superior  schools,  boat-building  docks,  and 
manufactures  of  cutlery.     Pop.  6029. 

Dillingen,  a  village  of  Bhenish  Prussia,  28  miles  S. 
of  Treves.  Pop.  2717.  It  has  paper-mills  and  copper-  and 
iron-foundries. 

Dil'lingersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  oo..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  the  Perkiomen  Eailroad,  and  12  miles  S.  of 
Allentown. 

Dill'man's,  a  station  in  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Milwaukee. 

Dilln,  or  Diln,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  DUlln. 

.Dil'lon,  a  post-office  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Trenton. 

Dillon,  a  post-township  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  16  miles 
B.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  957. 

Dillon*  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Marshalltown.     It  has  a  grain-elevator. 

Dillon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  about 
17  miles  S.  of  Abilene.     It  has  a  church. 

Dillon,  a  city,  capital  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana, 
69  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Butte  City.  It  has  5  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  ofiBces,  public  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  beer,  hardware,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  1012. 

Dillon,  or  Huntington  Mines,  a  post-village  in 
Brome  co.,  Quebec,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  has 
copper-mines.     Pop.  400. 

Dillon's  Falls,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Zanesville. 

Dillon's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va. 

Dillon's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dills'borough,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
1|  miles  from  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  9  or  10 
miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory. Dillsborough  Station  is  33  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Dills'burg,  a  post-borough  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Dillsburg  Branch  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  466. 

Dilly  Mount,  India.     See  Delly  Mount. 

Dilman,  deermS,n',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  50 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ooroomeeyah,  there  being  an  old  town 
of  the  same  name,  now  almost  in  ruins,  about  4  miles  W. 
of  it.     It  is  surrounded  by  gardens.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Diln,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  DOlln. 

Dil'worthtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Birmingham  township,  1^  miles  from  Pocopson  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  Friends'  meetings. 

Dima,  dee'm&,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  in  Amhara,  near 
lat.  10°  30'  N.,  Ion.  38°  5'  E.  It  is  divided  into  many 
quarters  by  stone  walls ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  and 
its  church  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  country. 

DimitroTsk,  or  Dimitrowsk.     See  Dmitrovsk. 

Dimitzana,  dee-meet-si'nJ.,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Rouphia,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Tripolitza. 

Dim'mick,  a  post-township  of  La  Salle  co..  III.  Dim- 
mick  Station  is  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S. 
of  Mendota,  and  8  miles  N.  of  La  Salle.     Pop.  851. 

Dim'mit,  a  southwestern  county  of  Texas.  Area,  1100 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nueces  River.  The 
soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  produces  pasture  for  cattle, 
the  staple  product.  Pop.  in  1870,  109 ;  in  1880,  665 ;  in 
1890,  1049. 

Dimms'ville,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  oo..  Pa.,  14 
miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Mifflintown. 

Dim'ock,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Montrose  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  4  stores,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Di'mondale,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Windsor  township,  on  the  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Lansing 
division  of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  union  school,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  320. 

Di'monville,  or  Diamondsville,  di'mondz-vll,  a 
hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Cherry  Hill  township,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  foundry.     Here  is  Mitchell's  Mills  Post-Office. 

Dims'dale,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

Dinaburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Dunaburg. 

Dinagepoor,  or  Dinajpur,  dee-nij-poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  capital  of  the  district  of  Dinagepoor.  Lat.  25°  38' 
N. ;  Ion.  88°  40'  E.     Pop.  13,042. 

Dinagepoor,  or  Din^ypar,  a  district  of  Bengal. 
Lat.  24°  44'-26°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  4'-89°  21'  E.  Area,  4126 
square  miles.  It  is  generally  flat  and  arable.  Capital, 
Dinagepoor.     Pop.  1,501,924. 


Dinamarca,  or  Dinamarques.     See  Denmark. 

Dinan,  dee^nfin"',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord, 
on  the  Ranee,  14  miles  S.  of  Saint-Malo.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
wall,  defended  by  a  fine  old  castle.  The  principal  edifices 
are  2  Gothic  churches,  a  clock-tower,  town  hall,  commercial 
college,  hospital,  public  library,  concert-hall,  Ac.  It  has 
manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  cut- 
lery, pottery,  beet  sugar,  and  leather,  salt-refineries,  and  a 
brisk  trade  in  butter,  hemp,  linen,  thread,  Ac,  carried  on 
by  the  river,  which  is  navigable  up  to  the  town.     P.  7978. 

Dinant,  de-nint'  or  dee^nfiu"'  (L.  Dinan' Hum),  a  town 
of  Belgium,  province  and  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Namur,  on 
the  declivity  of  a  rocky  and  castlo-crowned  height,  near 
the  Meuse.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral,  2  hospitals,  a  Latin 
school,  and  manufactures  of  hardwares,  woollen  fabrics, 
paper,  and  leather.  The  existence  of  Dinant  dates  from 
the  sixth  century.  As  early  as  the  twelfth  century  it  was 
strongly  fortified  and  deemed  impregnable.  In  1466  Philip 
the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  with  50,000  men  and  a  formi 
dable  artillery,  took  it  by  assault,  razed  it  to  the  ground, 
and,  taking  800  of  the  inhabitants,  tied  them  by  twos,  back 
and  back,  and  threw  them  into  the  Meuse.     Pop.  6428. 

Dinapoor,  or  Diuapur,  dee'na-poor',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, on  the  Ganges,  district  and  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Patna, 
with  which  city  it  is  in  fact  continuous,  the  whole  forming 
one  town,  15  miles  long.  Dinapoor  is  generally  ill  built 
and  very  irregular.  It  consists  of  two  parts, — Dinapoor 
Cantonments  (pop.  14,170)  and  Dinapoor  Nizamat.  Total 
pop.  42,084  (exclusive  of  Khapaul,  a  southern  suburb  with 
the  railway  station,  pop.  5257). 

Dinaric  (de-nir'ik)  Alps  (L.  Al'pet  Dinar'icse)  con- 
sist of  that  portion  of  the  Alpine  system  which  connects  the 
Julian  Alps  with  the  mountains  of  Albania  and  Greece,  and 
cover  South  Croatia,  Dalmatia,  and  Herzegovina  with  their 
ramifications,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Save  from  the 
region  watered  by  the  Kerka,  the  Narenta,  and  other  rivers 
flowing  to  the  Adriatic  Sea.  They  seldom  rise  to  mor« 
than  7000  feet  in  height,  and  are  chiefly  calcareous. 

Din'as-Mowddu,  mSw'xHee,  a  decayed  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Merioneth,  on  the  Dovy,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Machynlleth.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  side  of  a 
precipitous  mountain,  and,  though  but  a  small  village,  has 
the  local  designation  of  a  "  city." 

Din^digul',  a  town  of  India,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Madura, 
with  a  fort  on  a  high  granite  rock.     Pop.  6550. 

Din^diug'  Isles,  a  group  ofi"  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Penang.  Lat.  4°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
100°  32'  E.  PooLO  DiNDiNG  is  a  beautiful  granitic  island, 
250  feet  high,  and  covered  with  thick  woods. 

Din^evawr'  Castle,  a  ruined  fortress  of  South  Wales, 
CO.  of  Carmarthen,  anciently  a  seat  of  the  Cambrian  princes. 

Ding6,  d&N»^zhi,',  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine, 
17  miles  N.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  382. 

Dingelstftdt,  ding'^l-stStt^  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax 
ony,  on  the  Unstrut,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Miihlhausen. 
Pop.  3192. 

Din'gle,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  oa 
Dingle  Bay,  8  miles  E.  of  Dunmore  Head.     Pop.  2117. 

Dingle,  a  town  of  Ontario.     See  Brussels. 

Ding'man,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  extends  S.E. 
to  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  519. 

Ding'mansburg,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  opposite  Sidney.  Here  are  the  Sidney  Water- 
Works  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Ding'man's  Fer'ry,  a  summer  resort  of  Pike  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  15  miles  below  Port 
Jervis,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  Ac. 

Dingolfing,  ding'ol-fing\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  near  th« 
Isar,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  2704. 

Diug'wall,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Ross,  at  the  head  of  Cromarty  Firth,  and  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 11  miles  N.AV.  of  Inverness.  It  joins  with  Tain,  Dor- 
noch, Cromarty,  Wick,  and  Kirkwall  in  sending  one  member 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  2125. 

Dinia,  the  ancient  name  of  Digne. 

Dinkelsbiihl,  dink'^ls-biir,  a  fortified  town  of  Ba 
varia,  in  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Wernitz,  40  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Donauworth.  It  was  formerly  a  free  town  of  the 
empire,  and  has  manufactures  of  cloths,  camlets,  leather, 
beer,  paper,  stockings,  and  gloves,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn. 
Pop.  6113. 

Dinkira,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Dankara. 

Dinklage,  ding'kl4^gh§h,  a  village  of  Germany,  U 
Oldenburg,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Vechta.     Pop.  1146. 

Dins'dale,  a  watering-place  of  England,  co.  of  DurJ 
ham,  on  the  Tees,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Darlington.  It  has  * 
medicinal  spring,  with  baths  and  hotels.    Pop.  of  parish,  24* 


DIN 


1039 


DIS 


Diuslaken,  dins'I&^k^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  24 
miles  from  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2153. 

Dinsmore^  dinz'mor,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1700.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Botkins,  or  Dinsmore, 
and  Anna. 

Dinsmore,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  railroad  between  Pittsburg  &  Steubenville,  30 
miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Dinteloord,  din^t^h-loRt',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Willemstad. 
Pop.  2573. 

Dinwid'die,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  529  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Appomattox  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Not- 
toway River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  and 
Richmond  <fc  Petersburg  Railroads,  and  contains  the  city 
of  Petersburg,  situated  at  their  junction.  Capital,  Din- 
widdle Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,702  j  in  1880, 
32,870;  in  1890,  13,515. 

Dinwiddle  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  on  Stony  Creek,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Peters- 
burg, and  about  38  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Richmond.  It  has 
4  churches  and  several  stores. 

Dinxperlo,  dinx^pfiR-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Bredevoort.     Pop.  2357. 

Dioc<t;sarea,  an  ancient  name  of  Sefoorieh. 

Diois,  deeVS.',  an  old  district  of  France,  in  Dauphin^, 
the  capital  of  which  was  Die.  In  1414  it  was  ceded  to 
Charles  VI.  by  Louis  de  Poitiers. 

Dioma,  de-o'mS,,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Belaia 
near  Oofa.     Near  it  are  many  copper-mines. 

Diomedse  Insulse,  the  ancient  name  of  Tremiti. 

Diomede  (di'o-meed)  Islands,  a  group  in  Behring 
Strait,  midway  between  Asia  and  America,  consisting  of 
Fairway  Rock,  Ing^liuk,  and  Imaklit  Islands,  the  central 
one  in  lat.  65°  46'  N.,  Ion.  168°  55'  W. 

Di'ona,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co..  111.,  10  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Charleston,  is  partly  in  Cumberland  co.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dioscoridis  Insula,  the  ancient  name  of  Socotra. 

Dios-Gyor,  dee^osh'-joR,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Borsod,  5i  miles  W.  of  Miskolcz.  Pop,  3977.  Near  it  are 
importjint  iron-mines. 

Diospolis  Magna,  the  ancient  name  of  Thebes. 

Dioszegh,  dee^o^zSg',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  5774. 

Dioszegh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co,  and  25  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Presburg,  on  the  Dudwag,     Pop.  1620. 

Dipignano,  de-peen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  3  miles  S.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3204. 

Dip'per  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
St.  John  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  John. 
It  has  a  lobster-fishery.     Pop.  200. 

Dippoldiswaide,  dip-polMis-Ml'd§h,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 11  miles  S.  of  Dresden.  Pop.  2917.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  and  linen  cloths. 

Dipso,  dip'so,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  the  island  of  Euboea, 
on  the  channel  of  Talanda,  30  miles  N.W.  of  the  town  of 
Negropont.  It  is  supposed  to  replace  the  ancient  (Edepsua, 
famed  for  its  hot  baths. 

Direc'tion  Island,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  lat.  12°  5' 
24"  S.,  is  one  of  the  Keeling  group. 

Direction  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  the  China  Sea, 
off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lat.  15°  N. ;  Ion.  108°  2'  E. 

Direction  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  off  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  near  Cape  Flattery.  Lat.  14°  25' 
S. ;  Ion.  145°  30'  E, 

Dirillo,  de-ril'lo  (anc.  Aeha'tes),  a  river  of  Sicily,  enters 
the  Mediterranean  24  miles  W.N.W,  of  Modioa,  after  a 
W.S.W.  course  of  about  30  miles. 

Dirk-Har'tog  Island,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  26°  S.;  Ion.  113°  E.  Coast  steep;  length,  from  N.  to 
S.,  45  miles;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Dirksland,  dlnks'lint,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  island 
of  Overflakkee.     Pop.  2243. 

Dirleton,  d^rl'tpn,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  6i  miles  N.  of  Haddington,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
Firth  of  Forth.  Near  the  village  are  the  ruins  of  Dirleton 
Castle.     Pop.  323. 

Dirmstein,  dSgRm'stine,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grlinstadt.     Pop.  1617. 

Dirschau,  deSR'show  (Polish,  Szcxewo,  stchfi^'o),  a 


town  of  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  8.S.E.  of 
Dantzio,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Vistula.  It  has  tanneriee, 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  cement,  farm-implementa, 
and  metallic  wares.  Here  is  a  splendid  iron  bridge  over 
the  Vistula.     Pop.  9713. 

Dirt  Town,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Dis,  a  walled  town  of  South  Arabia,  near  the  coast,  63 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Makallah. 

Disappointment  Island,  one  of  the  Benin  group, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  27°  16'  N.;  Ion.  140°  51'  E. 

Disappointment  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  60°  36'  S.;  Ion.  166°  E. 

Disappointment  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Paoiflc, 
in  lat.  14°  5'  S.,  discovered  by  Byron  in  1765. 

Dischingen,  dish'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Egge,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neresheim.     Pop.  1046. 

Dis'co,  a  large  island  belonging  to  Denmark,  in  Davis' 
Strait,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland.  Lat.  69°  11'  N. ;  Ion. 
53°  20'  W.  It  contains  stone-quarries  and  coal-mines,  and 
possesses  valuable  fisheries. 

Dis'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  on  the  To- 
ledo, Peoria  &  Western  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Bushnell, 
and  17  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Disco,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Shelby 
township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Utica,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Mt.  Clemens.  It  has  an  academy,  2  planing-mills,  1  or 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  barrels,  ifcc. 
Pop.  about  350. 

Discov'ery  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  between 
Capes  Bridgewater  and  Northumberland.  It  is  about  50 
miles  wide.     Centre  in  lat.  38°  5'  S.,  Ion.  141°  E. 

Disentis,  Switzerland.     See  Dissentis  Mcstar. 

Dismal,  diz'mal,  a  post-township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C., 
17  miles  E.  of  Fayetteville.     Pop.  746. 

Dismal  Swamp,  a  large  swamp  which  occupies  parts 
of  Nansemond  and  Norfolk  cos.  in  Virginia  and  Gates  and 
Camden  cos.  in  North  Carolina.  It  is  about  30  miles  long 
and  10  miles  wide.  Forests  of  cypress,  cedar,  and  other 
trees  cover  a  large  portion  of  this  swamp,  the  middle  of 
which  is  occupied  by  Lake  Drummond.  The  Dismal  Swamp 
is  intersected  by  a  canal,  by  means  of  which  schooners  can 
pass  from  Chesapeake  Bay  into  Albemarle  Sound. 

Disna,  dis'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  109 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Minsk,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Disna.  It  has 
some  shipping  and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  4760. 

Disna,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  a  lake  of  the  same 
name,  in  the  N.E.  of  the  government  of  Vilna,  and  joins  the 
Dwina  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Dison,  dee^ziNo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Verviers.  It  has  important  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths.     Pop.  11,439. 

Disputan'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockcastle  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Mt.  Vernon.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
a  general  store. 

Disputanta,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Prince  George 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Petersburg. 

Diss,  a  town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  on  the  Waveney, 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  of  parish,  3851. 

Dissais,  dees^si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vienne, 9  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1065. 

Dissay,  dees^si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  29 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1407. 

Dis'see%  or  Valen'tia,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea, 
about  lat.  15°  18'  N.,  Ion.  40°  25'  E.  It  is  about  2i  miles 
long  and  |  of  a  mile  broad,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  pleas- 
ant appearance. 

Dissen,  dis's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1432. 

Dissentis  Mustar,  dees's^n-tis  moos-taR',  or  Disen- 
tis, dee's^n-tis,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons, 
3800  feet  above  sea-level,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Further 
and  Middle  Rhine,  34  miles  M\S.W.  of  Chur  (Coire).  Its 
chief  attraction  is  an  ancient  convent  of  Benedictines,  said 
to  have  been  founded  in  600  by  Sigisbert,  and  whose  superiors 
were  once  princes  of  the  empire.  It  was  almost  destroyed 
by  the  French  in  1794.  The  environs  of  Dissentis  exhibit 
some  of  the  finest  Alpine  scenery.     Pop.  1365. 

Distress',  a  fishing-hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  26  mile* 
S.  of  Placentia.     Pop.  127. 

Dis'trict,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  724. 

District  of  Colum'bia,  a  district  of  the  United 
States,  containing  the  federal  capital,  and  having  the  river 
Potomac  as  its  S.W.  boundary,  and  enclosed  on  all  other 
sides  by  Maryland.  The  district  formerly  comprised  a  tnwt 
10  miles  square,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Potomac,  but  in 


DIS 


1040 


DIU 


1846  that  portion  lying  S.W.  of  the  river  was  retroceded  to 
Virginia  by  the  United  States.  Present  area,  70  square 
miles  (land  60,  water  10). 

Counties  and  Cities. — The  district  was  formerly  divided 
into  the  cities  of  Georgetown  and  Washington,  and  the 
county  of  Washington;  but  since  1871  neither  of  these 
three  corporations  has  any  legal  existence,  although  the 
names  are  recognized  as  belonging  to  local  divisions  of  the 
district.  The  corporate  name  of  the  whole  is  now  "The 
District  of  Columbia."  Mount  Pleasant,  Tenallytown, 
Brightwood,  Uniontown,  Benning,  Ac,  are  small  places 
outside  the  strict  city  limits. 

The  face  of  the  country  is  undulating,  with  fine  hills  and 
pleasant  fertile  valleys,  and  a  light,  fertile  soil.  The  Poto- 
mac is  a  noble  tidal  stream,  navigable  for  vessels  of  large 
burden  up  to  Washington.  The  East  Branch  of  the  Poto- 
mac is  the  eastern  boundary  of  Washington,  and  Rock  Creek 
divides  it  from  Georgetown.  There  are  several  other  small 
streams.  The  climate  is  generally  healthful,  but  miasmatic 
diseases  have  prevailed  quite  generally  on  the  low  lands 
near  the  streams.  Of  late  the  local  sanitary  conditions  have 
been  much  improved.  The  geological  formation  is  creta- 
ceous, covered  largely  with  drift.  A  remarkable  conglom- 
erate or  breccia  has  been  observed  in  this  drift ;  and  some 
handsome  polished  columns  made  of  this  material  may  be 
seen  in  the  interior  of  the  national  capitol. 

Industries. — The  agricultural  and  market-gardening  facil- 
ities of  the  district  are  very  good,  and  the  market  for  farm- 
and  garden-products  is  excellent,  and  the  profits  of  the 
business  are  considerable.  The  principal  manufacture  is 
that  of  flour  and  other  mill-products,  at  Georgetown.  Brick, 
lumber,  confectionery,  and  carriages  are  among  the  other 
leading  articles  of  manufacture.  The  commerce  of  the  dis- 
trict is  chiefly  carried  on  at  Georgetown,  which  has  consid- 
erable coasting-trade,  exporting  coal,  tobacco,  grain,  and 
flour,  the  products  of  Western  Maryland.  The  Baltimore 
&  Potomac  Railroad,  and  branches  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio, 
connect  Washington  with  Baltimore  and  the  North  and 
West ;  and  a  railroad  bridge  across  the  Potomac  connects 
the  district  with  the  Southern  railroad  system.  The  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Canal  crosses  the  Potomac  at  Georgetown. 
The  district  has  several  national  and  savings  banks  and  life- 
and  fire-insurance  companies. 

Public  Works,  Benevolent  Institutions,  &c. — These  include 
the  permanent  institutions  of  the  general  government  as 
well  as  those  of  the  district  proper.  Under  this  head  we 
may  notice  the  Washington  Asylum  for  vagrants,  sick,  and 
destitute  persons,  and  petty  criminals;  the  reform  school 
and  farm  for  boys ;  the  United  States  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Orphan  Asylum  ;  the  Children's  Hospital ;  Freedmen's  Hos- 

{»ital ;  National  Soldiers'  Home ;  Providence  Hospital ;  Co- 
umbia  Hospital  for  women ;  government  hospital  for  the 
insane ;  the  institution  for  deaf-mutes ;  the  National  Deaf- 
Mute  College;  and  many  other  institutions,  public  and 
private.  (The  principal  United  States  government  build- 
ings are  noticed  in  the  article  Washington,  D.C.) 

Education, — Separate  free  public  schools  are  maintained 
for  white  and  colored  children.  There  are  normal  schools, 
and  public,  high,  grammar,  intermediate,  and  primary 
schools.  There  are  also  kindergarten  schools,  and  manual 
training  forms  part  of  the  public  school  curriculum.  In 
1890,  besides  the  normal  and  high  schools,  there  were  636 
public  schools  with  an  enrollment  of  36,906  pupils,  and 
an  average  attendance  of  30,366.  More  than  3000  pupils 
attend  private  schools.  The  district  is  also  the  seat  of 
the  Catholic  University  of  America,  Georgetown  College 
(Roman  Catholic),  Columbian  University  (Baptist),  Howard 
University  (Congregationalist),  Gonzaga  College  (Roman 
Catholic),  and  the  National  Deaf-Mute  College.  Among 
professional  schools  are  2  theological,  4  law,  and  3  medical 
.ohools,  nearly  all  departments  of  some  one  of  the  univer- 
sities, and  a  school  of  pharmacy.  There  are  several  orphan- 
ages and  industrial  schools,  besides  the  institutions  above 
noticed.  The  Smithsonian  Institution,  the  United  States 
Signal  Ofl&ce,  Naval  Observatory,  Corcoran  Art  Gallery, 
Army  Medical  Museum  and  other  government  museums, 
',he  Botanic  Garden,  the  American  Union  Academy  of  Lit- 
erature, Science,  and  Art,  and  the  Congressional  and  other 
public  libraries,  add  largely  to  the  educational  advantages 
of  the  district. 

History. — Prom  the  time  of  the  close  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war  until  1790,  there  were  earnest  discussions  as  to  the 
Elace  where  the  seat  of  the  United  States  government  should 
e  fixed.  Philadelphia,  Carlisle,  Philadelphia  again,  then 
Princeton,  Annapolis,  Trenton,  and  New  York,  were  in  turn 
the  temporary  places  of  the  meetings  of  Congress.  In  1788 
Maryland  ceded  to  the  United  States  the  present  territory 


for  the  purpose  of  establishing  here  the  seat  of  federal 
authority ;  and  in  1789  Virginia  augmented  the  gift  by  the 
cession  of  a  tract  of  36  square  miles  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the 
river.  The  tract  was  selected  by  Washington,  and  the  gift 
was  accepted  by  Congress  in  1790,  after  a  bitter  contest, 
which  was  finally  settled  by  a  compromise,  the  Northern 
Congressmen  consenting  to  vote  for  the  new  capital,  and  tha 
Southern  members  voting  for  the  federal  assumption  of  the 
state  debts,  a  measure  which  the  South  had  strongly  opposed. 
More  than  100  years  before,  the  site  of  the  future  capital 
had  been  named  Rome  by  its  eccentric  proprietor,  one  Pope, 
and  the  hill  where  the  United  States  capitol  stands  was  by 
him  called  the  Capitoline  Hill.  Not  till  1800  did  the  fed- 
eral city  become  the  capitaL  Congress  met  at  Philadelphia 
from  1790  to  1800.  The  new  town  was  incorporated  in  1802 
and  named  Washington  (which  see).  The  county  and  city 
of  Alexandria,  on  the  Virginia  side,  were  retroceded  to  Vir- 
ginia in  1846.  Congress  abolished  slavery  here  in  1862,  and 
in  1867  admitted  colored  men  to  vote.  Before  1871  the  cities 
of  Washington  and  Georgetown  and  the  county  of  Wash- 
ington had  a  corporate  existence ;  but  Congress  had  exclusive 
legislative  control,  and  the  people  of  the  district  had  no 
delegate  or  other  representative  in  Congress,  and  no  voice 
in  the  choosing  of  the  presidential  electors.  The  more  im 
portant  judicial  positions  were  filled  by  the  federal  author- 
ity. But  in  1871  a  territorial  government  was  constituted 
by  Congress,  and  the  district  was  permitted  to  send  a  dele- 
gate to  the  national  house  of  representatives.  The  district 
was  made  a  corporate  body,  with  a  legislature  consisting  of 
a  council  of  11  appointed  by  the  president,  and  a  house  of 
delegates  of  22  members  chosen  by  the  people.  The  gov- 
ernor was  also  appointed  by  the  president  and  confirmed  by 
the  senate.  The  judiciary  system  is  nearly  the  same  aa 
before  the  reorganization.  In  1874  Congress  appointed  3 
commissioners  to  oversee  the  aflairs  of  the  district,  and 
provisionally  abolished  the  governorship  and  the  territorial 
system.  During  the  period  of  territorial  government  won- 
derful improvements  were  made  in  the  appearance  and 
comfort  of  the  cities,  but  the  changes  were  so  radical  and 
so  expensive  as  to  cause  much  complaint. 

Population. — In  1800  the  total  population  of  the  district 
was  8144;  in  1810, 15,471 ;  in  1820,  23,336  ;  in  1830,  30,261; 
in  1840,  33,745 ;  in  1850  (after  the  retrocession  of  Alexandria 
City  and  county),  51,687;  in  1860,75,800;  in  1870,131,700; 
in  1880,  177,624,  of  whom  118,006  were  white ;  in  1890, 
230,392.  Population  of  Washington  in  1880,  147,293;  in 
1890,  188,932;  of  Georgetown  in  1880,  12,578;  in  1890, 
14,046. 

Dit'marsh  (Ger.  Ditmarschen,  or  Dithmarsehen,  dit'- 
man-sh^n),  a  region  in  Germany,  forming  the  W.  part  of 
Holstein.  Area,  506  square  miles.  It  is  mainly  enclosed 
by  the  Elbe  on  the  S.,  the  Eider  on  the  N.,  and  the  North 
Sea  on  the  W.  It  is  low  and  marshy,  and  is  diked  to  pre- 
vent inroads  of  the  sea.  Its  people  for  many  centuries 
preserved  their  independence,  and  its  peasantry  spoke  the 
Frisian  language,  now  almost  extinct  in  Ditmarsh.  It 
forms  two  circles  (North  Ditmarsh  and  South  Ditmarsh) 
in  the  Prussian  province  of  Sleswick-Holstein.  Pop.  about 
80,000. 

Dit'ney^  a  post-office  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind. 

Ditro-Varhegy,  dee'tro^-van^hidj'  (Ger.  Burgberg, 
boSuG'bfiRG),  a  village  of  Transylvania,  in  Szekler-land,  on 
the  Maros,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Gyergyo-Szent-Miklos.  It  has 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  2693. 

Dit'te^ah,  written  also  Dutteah  and  Datiya,  dut'- 
9-ya,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundelcund,  capital  of  a 
semi-independent  rajahship,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Jhansi.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  mostly  built  of  stone.  Pop.  45,000. 
The  rajahship,  area  850  square  miles,  pop.  120,000,  is  under 
British  protection. 

Dittersbach,  dit't?rs-baK',  or  Starsow,  stan'sov,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Olmutz.    Pop.  1121. 

Dittfurt,  dit'fooRt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  28 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bode.     Pop.  2077 

Dittigheim,  a  village  of  Baden.     See  Dietigheim. 

Ditt'mer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  co..  Mo. 

Ditton,  Quebec.     See  West  Ditton. 

Ditwyl,  dit'<^il,  or  Dietwyl,  deet'^il,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lucerne,  on  the 
Reuss.     Pop.  1117.  ,         . 

Ditzingen,  dit'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wiir- 
temberg,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Leonberg.     Pop.  1360. 

Din,  dee-oo',  an  island  and  seaport  town  of  India,  be- 
longing to  Portugal  since  1515.     It  is  in  lat.  20°  42'  N., 
Ion.  71°  E.,  and  lies  just  S.  of  the  Kattywar  peninsula. 
Pop.,  with  Gogola,  13,898.     Diu-Hbad  Cape  is  in  lat.  20 
43'  N.,  Ion.  71°  3'  12"  E. 


DIU 


1041 


DJA 


I 


Dium  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Sassoso. 
Diura^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Jura. 
Diven,  dee'v^n,  or  Divin,  dee'vin  (Hun.  Diveny,  dee^- 
vW),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neograd,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Altsohl.     It  has  glass-works.     Pop.  1500. 

Diven,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan,  on  the  Rubass, 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Derbend. 

DiveUf  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Q  rodno, 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kobrin. 

Dives,  deev,  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Caen.     Pop.  656. 

Divide',  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
great  eastern  divide  or  watershed  of  the  state,  about  25 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Colorado  Springs. 

Divide,  a  post-hamlet  of  Silver  Bow  co.,  Montana, 
about  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Butte  City. 

Divide,  a  station  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.  of  Eugene,  Oregon. 

Divi'ding  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo., 
N.J.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  in  Downe  township, 
and  on  the  Bridgeton  <fc  Port  Norris  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Bridgeton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  750. 
Dividing  Fence,  in  Scotland.     See  Catrail. 
Dividing  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of   Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  7  miles  S.  of  De  Mossville.    It  has  a  church. 
wDividing  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa. 
^^iviu,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Diven. 
nOivina,  deeVee'n6h\  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagy,  nodj  (i.e., 
Little  and  Great  Divina),  two  adjacent  villages  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Szolna. 
United  pop.  1828. 
Di^vme's'  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
iles  from  Hurley  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
ivio,  an  ancient  name  of  Dijon. 
ivodurum,  an  ancient  name  of  Metz. 
ivona,  an  ancient  name  of  Cahors. 
ivonne,  dee^vonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  6 
les  N.E.  of  Gex.    It  has  paper- and  iron-mills.    Pop.  1410. 
Divosch,  or  Diwosch,  dee'v5sh\  a  village  of  Hun- 
ry,  in  Slavonia,  co.  of  Syrmia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Peter- 
,rdein.     Pop.  1580. 

iwischau,  Diwischow,  dee've-shS*,  or  Dibi« 
hail,  dee'be-show\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
ague.     Pop.  1680. 

iwle,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Dbvli. 
Diwosch,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Divosch. 
_Diwra,  or   Dibra,  dee'*r4,    a  town   of  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prisrend.     Pop.  5500. 

Dix,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  9  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  W.  of  Mt.  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  about  150. 

Dix,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome  &, 
Benton  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Rome. 

■  Dix,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  3700. 

■  Dix- An',  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state  of  Tigr6,  65  miles 
B.E.  of  Axoom. 

■  Dix'cove,  a  British  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast, 
lat.  4°  48'  N.,  Ion.  1°  57^  W.,  in  a  fine  bay,  in  which  ships 
of  100  tons  can  load.  Here  is  a  fort.  Behind  Dixoove  is 
a  small  lake  with  brackish  water,  in  which  the  negroes 
maintain  a  number  of  crocodiles. 

Dix'field,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lewiston.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  bob- 
bins, spools,  shuttles,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Dixfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
about  20  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Paris. 

Dixie,  dix'Q,  a  post-village  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Quitman.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Dixie,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Grinnell,  Iowa. 

Dixie,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dixie  Station,  Georgia.     See  Groovervillb. 

Dix  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Rockland  co..  Me.,  is  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rockland.     Area,  55  acres.     It  has  im- 

Siortant  quarries  of  granite,  and  has  furnished  the  material 
or  the  New  York  post-office  and  other  public  buildings. 

Dixmont,  deex'm6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  20 
miles  N.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1810. 

Dix^mont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Mo.,  in 
Dixmont  township,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a 
ehuroh.  The  township  has  4  churches  and  3  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1309. 

Dixmont,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alleghany  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  the 
West  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 


Dixmont  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me., 
20  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     It  has  a  saw-  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Dixmude,  dix'miid'  (Flem.  Dixmuyden,  dix-moi'd^n), 
a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction, 
on  the  Yser,  12  miles  N.  of  Ypres.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  a  hospital,  and  a  workhouse,  also  breweries  and 
tanneries.     Pop.  3926. 

Dix'on,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Logan  and 
Norway  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests;  tho  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  abundant  here.  Capital,  Ponca.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4177;  in  1890,  8084. 

Dixon,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1082. 

Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 
Dixon,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lee  co..  111.,  on  both  sides 
of  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  98  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  40  miles  E.  of  Clinton,  and  35  miles  S.  of  Free- 
port.  It  has  8  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  institution 
called  Northern  Illinois  Normal  School,  a  collegiate  insti- 
tute, public  schools,  2  high  schools,  2  foundries,  a  plough- 
factory,  2  flouring-mills,  3  shoe-factories,  a  condensed-milk 
factory,  and  a  planing-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5161. 

Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  Vincennes  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Vin- 
cennes.     It  has  a  church. 

Dixon,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  a  church. 

Dixon,  a  station  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  railroad 
from  Florence  to  El  Dorado,  7  miles  N.  of  the  latter. 

Dixon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  several  distilleries.     Pop.  546. 

Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss. 
Dixon,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Mo.,  24  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Rolla.    It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  404. 

Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  about  30  miles  below  Yankton,  S.D. 

Dixon,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1038. 

Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Wert  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Fort  Wavne. 
Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa. 
Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  about  15 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a  church 
and  cheese-factories. 

Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming. 
Dixon's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  N.  of  Iroquois.     Pop.  100. 

Dix'on's  En'trance,  a  strait  in  North  America,  W. 
coast,  lat.  54°  30'  N.,  Ion.  132°  W.,  between  Queen  Char- 
lotte Islands,  in  British  Columbia,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Archipelago,  in  Alaska.  Length,  from  W.  to  E.  100  miles. 
Dixon's  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  36 
miles  S.  of  Demopolis.     It  has  3  churches. 

Dixon's  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  oo.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  \nd  saw-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Dix'onville,  a  hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  1^  miles  firom 
Elston  Station. 
Dixon ville,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 
Dix's  Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Adirondack  group,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and 
a  few  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Marcy.  It  has  an  altitude  c* 
about  5000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Dix'ville,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  covered  with 
forests  and  mountains.     Dixville  Notch,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Colebrook,  presents  wild  and  desolate  scenery  of  remarkable 
character.     Pop.  in  1880,  11 ;  in  1890,  32. 
Diyalah,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Diala. 
Dizfoul,  or  Dizful,  Persia.     See  Dezpool. 
Diziaidowo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Soldau. 
Dj.     For  places  sometimes  spelled  with  these  initial  let* 
ters,  and  not  found  here,  refer  to  Di  and  J. 
Djabkan,  a  river  of  China.    See  Crabkait. 
Djagaraga,  j&^g&-r&'g&,  a  town  of  Java,  48  sJles  S.B> 
of  Samarang.    Pop.  6000. 


i)JA 


1042 


DOB 


Djangutai,  jin-goo-ti',  atown  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Derbend. 

Djapan,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Japan. 

Djapara^  a  town  of  Java.    See  Japara. 

Djar,  or  El  Djar,  41  jaR,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  El 
Hejaz,  on  the  Red  Sea,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yembo. 

Djava^  a  French  spelling  of  Java. 

Ojavat,  jS,-vit',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Koor,  at  its  junction  with  the  Aras,  36 
miles  S.  of  Shamaka. 

Djawahir,  a  mountain  in  India.    See  Jawahir. 

Djawana^  a  river  of  Java.    See  Jaavana. 

Djebi)  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Jebbe. 

Djem,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Emba. 

Djemilah,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Jemilah. 

Djerash,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Gerasa. 

Djerm,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Jerm. 

Djesr-Erkene.    See  Jezar-Erkene. 

Djiddah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Jiddah. 

Djidyd^  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Aidab. 

Djigelli,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Jijeli. 

DjilloIO)  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Gilolo. 

Djimaja,  or  Jamaja,  ja-m&'ji,  an  island  of  the  China 
Sea.     Lat.  2°  50'  N.;  Ion.  105°  52'  E.     Length,  12  miles. 

Djirdjeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Qirgeh. 

Djizzak)  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Jeezak. 

Djobla,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Jobla. 

Djohor^  a  state  and  town  of  Malacca.     See  Johore. 

Djolgokarta,  or  Djocjocarta,  jok-yo-k4r'ti,  writ- 
ten also  Yugyakarta,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java,  on  the 
B.  coast  of  the  island,  near  its  centre.  This  was  formerly 
one  of  the  most  important  native  states  of  Java.  Area, 
1232  square  miles.     Pop.  441,799. 

DjoKJokarta,  a  well-built  town,  capital  of  the  above, 
lat.  7°  47'  S.,  Ion.  110°  21'  30"  E.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  na- 
tive  sultan,  a  Dutch  resident,  and  an  assistant  resident. 
The  sultan's  water-palace  is  a  town  of  itself,  with  subterra- 
nean approaches,  walls,  and  towers.  The  resident's  abode 
is  in  a  fort,  which  commands  the  palace  and  town.  There 
are  here  a  church,  school,  and  shot-foundry.     Pop.  50,000. 

Djoliba,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Joliba. 

Djoulfa,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Julfa. 

Dlhe-Pole,  dl5-po'lfih',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Trentschin,  10  miles  from  Szolna.     Pop.  4120. 

Dluha,  dloo'hoh,  or  DIha,  dli,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
in  Arva,  on  the  Dluha,  9  miles  from  Also  Kubin.    Pop.  1200. 

Dmitria-Rostofskago,  Russia.    See  Rostov. 

Dmitriev,  or  Dmiti'iUew,  d'me-tree-y4v',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  50  miles  N.W.  of  Koorsk.     P.  3004. 

DmitroV)  d'me-trov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  45  miles  N.  of  Moscow,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga. 
It  is  ancient  and  ill  built,  and  has  a  college  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths  and  leather.  Near  it  are  a  p'orcelain- 
factory,  and  the  palace  of  the  Counts  Soltikov.     Pop.  8042. 

DmitroTsk)  d'me-trovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  57  miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  on  the  Neroosa.    Pop.  7603. 

Dnieper,  nee'pr  (Russ.  Dniepr,  dnyfip'p'r ;  anc,  Barys'- 
thenes  and  Danapris),  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Smolensk,  flows  generally  S.,  and  passes  Smo- 
lensk (where  it  becomes  navigable),  Moheelev,  Kiev,  Yeka- 
terinoslav,  and  Kherson,  and  enters  the  Black  Sea  on  the  N. 
by  several  mouths.  Length,  623  miles ;  including  windings, 
1230  miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Beresina,  Pri- 
pets,  Ingoolets,  and  Bug;  on  the  left,  the  Sozh,  Desna,  Soola, 
Psiol,  Vorskla,  Orel,  and  Samara.  The  navigation  is  in- 
terrupted by  rapids  for  47  miles  below  Yekaterinoslav.  It  is 
regarded  as  the  third  in  magnitude  of  European  rivers,  rank- 
ing next  after  the  Volga  and  the  Danube.  Drainage-area, 
242,000  square  miles.  At  Kiev  it  is  35  feet  deep  in  sum- 
mer J  but  spring  floods  raise  it  to  50  feet,  and  even  55  feet. 
The  mouth  of  the  estuary  is  defended  by  the  fortresses  of 
Otchakov  and  Kinboorn.  Near  its  embouchure  was  the 
Milesian  colony  of  Olbia,  founded  for  trading  with  the 
wandering  races  of  the  interior. 

Dniester,  nees't§r  (Russ.  Dniestr,  dnySs't'r ;  anc.  Ty'- 
ras,  afterwards  Danaa'tria  or  Datiaa'ter),  a  navigable  river 
of  Austria  and  Russia,  rises  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains 
of  Galicia,  separates  Bessarabia  from  the  governments  of 
Podoiia  and  Kherson,  flows  E.S.E.,  passes  Sambor,  Haliez, 
Chotyn,  Moheelev,  Bender,  and  Akerman,  and  enters  the 
Black  Sea  on  the  N.W.  Length,  400  miles ;  including  wind- 
ings, 500  miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Stry,  Reoot, 
and  Botna;  on  the  left,  the  Sered  and  Podhoroe.  Though 
very  tortuous,  and  in  summer  quite  shallow,  it  aff'ords 
extensive  steamboat  navigation. 

Doa,  a  Malay  island.     See  Douw. 

Doab*  or  Dooab,  doo^S,b'  ("two  waters"),  a  name  ap- 


plied in  India  to  tracts  between  two  rivers,  and  especial'^ 
to  that  between  the  Ganges  and  the  Jumna,  and  to  the 
"  Jullinder  Doab,"  between  the  Sutlej  and  Beas  Rivers. 

Do'aksville,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Ind.Ter. 

Doan,  do-4n',  a  town  of  Arabia,  near  its  S.E.  coast 
110  miles  W.  of  Dhofar. 

Doanesburg,  donz'biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Brewstef's  Station. 

Doan's  (donz)  Creek,  of  Indiana,  enters  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River  near  the  S.  line  of  Greene  co. 

Doazit,  do^i^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  Id 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  1465. 

Dobar'va,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  98  miles  N.  of  Axoom. 
It  was  formerly  important. 

Dobasnizza,  do-bis-nits'8,,  or  Dobaschiza,  do-b5- 
shits'4,  a  village  and  "seaport  of  Austria,  on  the  island  of 
Veglia,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fiume. 

Dab'bo,  the  chief  town  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  islet  of  Wamma.  Lat.  5°  45'  45"  S.,  Ion.  134° 
20'  E.  In  the  trading  season  it  is  much  visited  by  merchants. 

Dobbs  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
21  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
brewery,  and  a  piano- stool  factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2083. 

Dobbs'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Langlade  co..  Wis.,  23 
miles  (direct)  E.  of  Antigo. 

Dobeln,  do'beln,  a  town  of  Saxony,  35  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Leipsic,  partly  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Mulde. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  linen,  and  cotton.     Pop.  10,969. 

Doberan,  do'b§r-4n\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwerin,  on  a  small 
river  which  falls  into  the  Baltic  2i  miles  below  the  town. 
It  has  a  palace,  theatre,  sea- water  baths  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  and  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  3827. 

Doblen,  do-bl4n',  or  Doblehn,  do-blain',  a  town  ol 
Russia,  in  Courland,  18  miles  W.  of  Mitau. 

Dobling,  dob'ling,  a  suburb  of  Vienna,  Austria,  3 
miles  N.  of  the  city,  with  mineral  baths  and  numerous 
villas.     Pop.  6624. 

Doboi,  or  Doboj,  do^boy',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the 
Bosna,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Travnik.     Pop.  1600. 

Doboka,  do*bo'k6h\  a  village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Szolnok-Doboka,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Szamos-Ujvar. 

Do'boy  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcintosh 
CO.,  Ga.,  12  miles  from  Darien.  Area,  13  acres.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  30  dwellings,  and  3  ship-chandleries, 
and  ships  large  amounts  of  pine  lumber.  Permanent  pop- 
ulation, 150,  much  increased  during  the  winter. 

Doboy  Light,  Sapelo  Island,  Ga.     See  Darien  Light 

Doboy  Sound  is  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the  south 
ern  extremity  of  Sapelo  Island,  10  miles  E.  of  Darien. 

Doboz,  do'boz',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bekes,  on 
the  Black  Koros,  about  4  miles  from  Gyula.     Pop.  3429. 

Dobra,  do'bri,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kalisz.  It  has  2  churches,  a  synagogue,  and 
manufactures  of  linens,  gloves,  and  hosiery.     Pop.  2667. 

Dob'ra  Bonop'oIis,a  village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Hunyad,  on  the  Maros,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Karlsburg. 

Dobran,  do-brA.n',  or  Dobrany,  do-br4'nee,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1997. 

Dobrawitz,orDoubrawitz,do'br4-wit8\orRoth- 
Dobrawitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Prague. 

Dobre  Miasto,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Gutstadt. 

Dobrigno,  do-breen'yo,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  the 
island  of  Veglia,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  420. 

Dobrilugk,  do'bre-166k\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  the  Dober,  at  a  railway  junction,  66  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1397. 

Dobrincze,  do-brint'si,  or  Dobrinzen,  do-brint's^n, 
a  village  of  Slavonia,  co.  of  Syrmia,  in  a  plain  22  rniln* 
S.S.E.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  1600. 

Dobrodja,  a  region  of  Europe.    See  Dobrudja. 

Dobrokoz,  do'bro^koz',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Tolna,  84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Kapos.    Pop.  3164. 

Dobromielitz,  do'bro-meeMits,  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Moravia,  7  miles  from  Prossnitz.     Pop.  874. 

Dob'romir,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  23  miles  E. 
of  Sanok.     Pop.  1800.     It  has  important  cattle-fairs. 

Dobroslawitz,  do-bro-sli'vits,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  379. 

Dobrota,  do-bro'ti,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Cattaro,  on  the  Adrisitic.     Pop.  1580. 

Dobrudja,  or  Dobrudscha,  do-broo'j4,  written  also 
Dobrodja,  Dobruje,  Dobruza,  or  Dobroodsha, 
do-bro'ji  (Bulgarian,  Dobritch,  do-breech'),  a  region  of 
Europe,  bounded  E.  by  the  Black  Sea  and  N.  by  the  Danube. 


DOB 


1043 


DOD 


Area,  2900  square  miles.  Ita  N.  part  is  a  marshy  and  un- 
Wlthy  alluvial  plain;  and  southward,  though  more  ele- 
irated,  it  still  has  the  character  of  a  steppe.  In  1878  it  was 
.iotached  from  Turkey  and  given  to  Roumania.  Its  people 
ire  largely  Tartars,  but  many  Circassians,  Turks,  Bulgarians, 
Roumanians,  and  others  live  here,  each  people  strictly  pre- 
serving its  nationality.  Pop.  160,000. 
I  Dobruschka,  do-broosh'ki,  or  Dobruska,  do-broos'- 
ii,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Koniggratz.  It 
^as  a  tr.ade  in  corn,  flax,  yarn,  and  wine.  Pop.  2939. 
i  Dobrzan^  dob'zhin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
i)f  Pilsen.     Pop.  1780. 

I  Dobrzyn,  dob'zhin,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of 
Plock,  on  the  Drewenz,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lipno.  It  has 
\k  oastle,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather.  P.  2685. 
I  Dobschau,  dob'sh5w,  or  Dobsina,  dob^shee'n6h\  a 
bwnof  Hungary,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Gomor-Sajo,  on 
ihe  Dobsina.  Pop.  5505,  mostly  Germans.  It  has  mercury-, 
fron-,  copper-,  and  cobalt-mines. 

I  Dob'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Dobson  township,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Statesville.  It  has 
ji  church,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  25  families.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1255. 

I  Do'byn's,  a  post-oflBce  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  S.E 
m  Stuart. 

I  Dob-Tisza,  dob-tee8's6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
pCheiss,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tokay. 

(  Do'byville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  17  miles 
JS.W.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Doce,  do'si  (i.e.,  "sweet"),  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
|tl>e  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  flows  N.E.  between  the  states 
fii'  Porto  Seguro  and  Espiritu  Santo,  iiud  enters  the 
jAtlantic  60  miles  N.  of  Victoria.  Its  direct  course  N.E.  is 
a'M)  miles;  but  its  whole  course,  including  windings,  cannot 
ib'i  less  than  500  miles.  Its  navigation  is  very  much  inter- 
fln.pted  by  cataracts. 

1    Docea^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tosia. 
i    Dochart,  doK'art,   a   lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth. 
(Length,  about  3  miles.     A  river  of  the  same  name,  8  miles 
!ii  length,  carries  its  surplus  waters  through  Glen-Doohart 
jirto  the  Lochy. 

!    Dock'ery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  church. 
I    Dock  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Shore  and  Erie 
'&  Pittsburg  Railroads,  2|  miles  from  Erie,  Pa. 

Docks,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Iron  Mountain 
jRiilroad,  7  miles  from  the  terminus  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Doc'tor's  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Altamaha 
[from  the  left,  in  the  W.  part  of  Mcintosh  co. 
;  Doctor's  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth  co., 
land  falls  into  Crosswicks  Creek  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown. 
;  Doctor  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on 
,tle  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  53  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 
[it  has  a  church  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Do'da,  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  on  the  Chenaub,  here 
jorossed  by  a  cable-bridge,  115  miles  N.  of  Lahore.  It  has  a 
Ifort  and  a  good  bazaar. 

(    Dodairee,  do-di'ree,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan, 
[Mysore  dominions,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chitteldroog. 
j    Dod'broke,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  half  a 
imile  E.  of  Kingsbridge.     Pop.  of  parish,  1245. 
j    Dodd,  or  Dodd  City,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co., 
|Tex.,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sherman.     It  has  5  churches, 
{a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  2  academies.     Pop.  333. 
j    Dodda  Ballapoor,  India.     See  Ballapoor. 
I     Dodd'ridge,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
jhas  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by 
(Hughes  River  and  Middle  Island  Creek.     The  surface  is 
jhilly  and  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile 
and  adapted  to  pasturage.     Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  lum- 
ber, and   wool  are  the  staple  products.     The  county  has 
beds  of  coal.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  passes,  from  E.  to  W.,  through  West  Union, 
the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1870,  7076;  in  1880, 
10,552;  in  1890,  12,183. 

Dodd's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  several 
general  stores. 

Dodd's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  17 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin,  and  2  miles  from  Running  Brushy 
Poet-OflBce.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wagoji-shop. 
Dodds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co..  111.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Macomb. 
It  has  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Dddeberg,  a  summit  of  the  Alps.  See  Dodiberg. 
Dodge,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia,  has 
ap  area  of  about  414  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the 


S.W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  partly  covered  with  yellow-pine  forests ; 
the  soil  produces  cotton,  maize,  &c.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Eastman.  It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  Pop.  in 
1880,  5358;  in  1890,  11,452. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Red  Cedar  River 
and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Zumbro  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  of 
trees ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  In- 
dian corn,  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lies this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Mantorville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8598;  in  1875, 
10,045;  in  1880,  11,344;  in  1890,  10,864. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Platte  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Elkhorn  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Logan's,  Pebble,  and  Maple  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile. 
Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county,  the  greater  part  of  which 
is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Sandstone  and  limestone  of  cretaceous  formation 
underlie  the  soil.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn 
&  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fremont.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4212;  in  1880,  11,263;  in  1890,  19,260. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles,  being  a  square  each  side  of 
which  is  30  miles  long.  It  is  intersected  by  Rock  River,  and 
also  drained  byBeaver  Dam  and  Crawfish  Creeks.  Among  its 
physical  features  is  a  large  shallow  lake,  formerly  called  Win- 
nebago Marsh,  now  Horicon  Lake,  from  which  Rock  River 
issues.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating  prairies, 
"  oak  openings,"  and  dense  forests  of  oak,  elm,  ash,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  (magnesian)  limestone  underlies 
part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern,  Wisconsin  Central,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroads,  the  first  named  passing  through  Ju- 
neau the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,035 ;  in  1880,  46,931 ;  in 
1890,  44,984. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  W.  by 
the  Des  Moines  River.     Pop.  1330. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1484. 
It  contains  Farley  and  Worthington. 

Dodge,  a  post-township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  about  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  942. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  599. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1967.  It 
contains  Dodge  City. 

Dodge,  or  Dodge  Station,  a  post- village  of  Walker 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
71  miles  N.  of  Houston.     It  has  3  churches. 

Dodge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Winona, 
Minn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Dodge  township,  448. 

Dodge  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Zumbro  River,  and  on  two  railroads,  20  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Rochester  and  6  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Mantorville.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  grist- 
and  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs. 
A  large  quantity  of  wheat  is  shipped  here.  It  has  wide 
and  finely-shaded  streets.     Pop.  633. 

Dodge  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Dodge  township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  302  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Topeka,  and  128  miles  E.  of  Granada,  Col.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office  and  3  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  in  1890, 1763. 

Dodge  City,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn. 

Dodge's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Waukesha. 

Dodge  Station,  a  post-office  of  Texas.    See  Dodoe. 

Dodgeville,  dSj'vil,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  2  miles  from  Sperry  Station, 
and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Burlington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dodgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in  At- 
tleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Providence.     It  has  a  church. 

Dodgeville,  a  station  in  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Elba 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Lapeer,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Elba.  It  has  a  saw-,  clap- 
board-, shingle-,  and  heading-mill. 

Dodgeville,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Iowa  oo.. 
Wis.,  47  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     It  is  tht 


DOD 


1044 


DOL 


northern  terminus  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  has 
7  churches,  a  court-house,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  3  banks. 
Lead  and  zlno  ores  are  mined  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 1547 ;  in 
1890,  1722. 

Dddiberg)  do'de-bdR6\  a  summit  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  17 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Glarus,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  canton. 
Height,  11,887  feet.  Elevation  of  the  pass  between  the  val- 
leys of  the  Linth  and  Vorder-Rhein,  9609  feet. 

Dod'soUf  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  15  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  47. 

Dod'sonville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
about  11  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Scottsborough. 

Dodsonville^  a  small  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0., 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Doe  (do)  Bay,  a  post-borough  of  San  Juan  co.,  Wash- 
ington, is  on  the  E.  shore  of  Orcas  Island  near  the  head  of 
Bosario  Straits,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Whatcom.  It  has  church 
organizations,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  shingles,  and  staves.     Pop.  about  100. 

Doe  Gnl'ly^  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Doe  Hilly  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  Ya.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  the  Oakland  Institute,  a 
church,  and  a  tannery. 

Doe  Ran,  a  post-village  of  St.  Fran9ois  co.,  Mo.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has  5  churches,  and  lead- 
mines.     Pop.  956. 

Doe  RnU)  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  38 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  from  Doe  Run  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  250. 

Doesburg)  doos'bilRa  (anc.  Dru'si  Bur'gumf),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on  the  Yssel, 
10  miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  4420. 

Do^es'sah,  or  Doisa,  do-e'8&,  a  village  of  Bengal,  in 
Lohardaga,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Ramghur. 

Doetichem )  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Deutichbm. 

Dofar,  a  city  of  Yemen.     See  Dhopar. 

Dofrefield,  or  Dofrines,  the  central  portion  of  the 
mountain-chain  of  Scandinavia.     See  Dovrefield. 

Dogaree,  do-g&'ree,  a  town  of  India,  in  Ajmeer,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Boondee,  on  the  margin  of  a  beautiful  lake, 
surrounded  by  pagodiis  and  other  buildings. 

Dog  Bluff,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  789. 

Dog  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Munfordsville. 

Dog  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ohio,  at  Ottoville. 
^'     Dog'ger>Bank,  a  sand-bank  occupying  all  the  centre 
of  the  North  Sea,  between  lat.  54°  10'  and  57"  24'  N.  and 
Ion.  1°  and  6°  T  E.,  intermediate  between  the  shores  of 
England  and  Denmark.     It  is  the  seat  of  fisheries. 

Dog  Island,  at  the  E.  side  of  the  middle  entrance  to 
fit.  Greorge's  Sound,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Florida.  Lat.  29° 
43'  30"  N.;  Ion.  84°  41'  W. 

Dog  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  fSerawatty 
group.     Lat.  7°  40' S. ;  Ion.  126°  2' E.  ^~-  ^ 

Dogliani,d6l-y&'nee  (anc.  Dolia'naf  or  Dolia'ntimf), 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Mondovi, 
on  the  Rea.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  small  hospital, 
and  the  remains  of  an  old  castle.     Pop.  4914. 

Dognacska,  dog^n4ch'k6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Krasso,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar.  It  has  mines  of 
•opper,  lead,  and  zinc.     Pop.  2800. 

Dog  River,  Ala.  and  Miss.     See  Escatawpa  River. 

Dog  River,  a  small  stream  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
runs  nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Winooski  River 
about  1  mile  below  Montpelier. 

Dogs,  Isle  of.     See  Isle  of  Dogs. 

Dogs'thorpe,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Northamp- 
ton, li  miles  N.  of  Peterborough. 

Dog'tooth,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  111.,  is  a  pen- 
insula bounded  E.,  S.,  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi.     P.  301. 

Dog'wood,  a  post  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Southern  Railway  Company's  system,  48 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Dohak,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Dehak. 

Doharab,  do^hi-rib',  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  E. 
side.     Lat.  16°  18'  30"  N.;  Ion.  41°  59'  E. 

Dohna,  dd'n&,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  Miiglitz.     Pop.  1852. 

Do^hud',  a  town  of  India,  in  Malwah.  Lat.  22°  65'  N.j 
Ion.  74°  20'  E. 

Do^hul',  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  N.W.  of  Dhalak. 
Lat.  15°  55'  N.;  Ion.  39°  40'  E. 

Doire,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Dora  Baltea. 

Dokkum,  dok'kum,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  ship-canal  Dokkumdiep,  6  miles  from  the 
North  Sea,  and  12^  miles  N.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     It  is  a 


market  for  flax,  and  has  a  town  hall,  a  Latin  school,  ship- 
building  docks,  salt-refineries,  and  breweries.     Pop.  4430. 

Doko,  or  Dokoe,  do'ko\  a  pygmy  race  of  negroes  in- 
habiting a  region  of  Africa,  in  Sennaar.  They  are  four  feet 
in  height,  of  a  dark-olive  complexion,  and  perfectly  wild. 
They  are  supposed  by  some  to  be  the  "Pygmies"  of  the* 
ancients. 

Do'ko,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Charlotte 
Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 
It  has  several  stores,  and  near  it  are  3  churches. 

Dokzy,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Hirschberg. 

Dol,  dol,  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  15  mile» 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Saint- Malo.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  fortifica- 
tions, and  consists  largely  of  very  ancient  houses.  It  hu 
a  fine  cathedral,  a  hospital,  and  trade  in  oom,  hemp,  and 
cider.     Pop.  3356. 

Dola  (or  Dolium),  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ddu. 

Do'lan,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mo,     Pop.  1141. 

Do'land,  a  post-village  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.  21  miles  by 
rail  £.  of  Redfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  public  schools,  a  cheese-factory,  grain-  and  other 
mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  216. 

Dolce,  gulf  and  river.     See  Dulce. 

Dolce  Acqua,  dol'chi  i'kwi,  t.e.,  "sweet  water"  (L. 
Bulcia  Aqua),  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nice,  on 
the  Nervia.     Pop.  2334. 

Dolcedo,  dol-ch^'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  2642. 

Dolcigno,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Dulcigno. 

Dole,  dol  (L.  Do'la  or  Tol'lium;  anc.  Do'liumf),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Jura,  on  the  Doubs,  at  a 
railway  junction,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Dijon.  It  is  irregularly 
built.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  court-bouse,  the  old 
and  new  prisons,  2  hospitals,  and  a  theatre.  It  has  a  publio 
library,  manufactories  of  straw  hats,  leather,  earthenwares, 
and  hardwares,  and  an  active  trade  in  agricultural  produce. 
Ddle  was  founded  by  the  Romans,  and  in  later  times  wai 
the  capital  of  Franche-Comt6.  In  1442  it  became  the  seat 
of  a  parliament,  and  of  a  university  established  by  Philippe 
le  Bon.  The  fortifications,  once  of  great  strength,  were 
dismantled  in  1674.     Pop.  12,009. 

D6le,  or  La  Ddle,  1&  dol,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Vaud,  in  the  chain  of  the  Jura,  on  the  French 
frontier,  16  miles  N.  of  Geneva,  5509  feet  in  elevation.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  magnificent  scenery. 

Dolennor,  Mongolia.    See  Cbao-Naima.n-Soome. 

Dolgelly,  Dolgelley,  dol-gith'lee,  or  Dolgelien, 
dol-gfith'l^n,  a  town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Merioneth, 
on  the  Gwynion,  near  the  foot  of  Cader-Idris,  46  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Shrewsbury.  The  town  is  surrounded  by  mag- 
nificent hill-Bcenery,  and  contains  a  church  with  a  fine  tower, 
a  county  hall,  jail,  and  house  of  correction.     Pop.  2357. 

Dolgeville,  ddl'je-vil,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  12  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Herkimer.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  newspaper  office, 
piano-  and  other  factories,  lumber-mills,  Ao.     Pop.  500. 

Dolgoi,  dol-goy',  an  island  in  the  Caspian  Sea.  Lat. 
45°  N. ;  Ion.  51°  30'  E. 

Dolgoi,  an  island  of  European  Russia,  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  55  miles  S.  of  the  island  of  Vaigats. 

Dolgoi,  an  island  of  Russia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neva, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland. 

Dolina,  do-lee'n&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  23 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Stry.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  churches.     Pop.  5974. 

Do'lington,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  T  cjper 
Makefield  township,  near  the  Delaware  River,  27  milei  N.B. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3  stores. 

D51itz  Niederheim,  do'lits  nee'd^r-hime',  a  vlllagt 
of  Saxony,  S.  of  Leipsic,  on  the  Pleisse.     Pop.  1399. 

Dol'lar,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Clackmanni\n,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Stirling,  beautifully  situated  on  the  Devon. 
The  Dollar  Academy  is  an  elegant  structure,  founds  in 
1819.  Coal  is  wrought  here,  and  ironstone  abounds.  Pop. 
2123.     The  fine  ruin  of  Castle-Campbell  is  in  the  pariih. 

Dol'lar-Law',  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  ajid  9i 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Peebles.     Elevation,  2840  feet. 

Dol'lart  (L.  Si'nua  Emda'nua  or  DoUa'rius),  a  gulf  of 
the  North  Sea,  at  the  estuary  of  the  Ems,  between  QermMiy 
and  the  Netherlands,  10  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  8.,  by 
7  mile/across,  owes  its  origin  to  a  destructive  inundation 
in  1276.     The  towns  of  Emden  and  Delfzyl  are  on  its  ihorea. 

Dolle's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo. 

Dollova,  dol'loVSh%  a  village  of  Hungary,  In  tl»t 
Banat,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belgrade.     Pop.  6107. 

Dolm,  dolm,  a  small  island  of  Norway,  on  the  coo^t  of 
Trondhjem,  near  the  island  of  Hitteren,  and  between  1  an 


DOL 


1045 


DON 


Its  greatest  length  is  6  miles.     Two  summits  rise 

the  height  of  nearly  3000  feet, 

Dolmatov,  or  Dolmatow,  dol-mi-tov',  written  also 

almatov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  on 
:he  Iset.  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shadrinsk.  It  has  a  fine  mon- 
istery  and  an  annual  fair.     Pop.  43.37. 

Do'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  W.  of  Venice,  on  the 
Brenta  and  Brentano.     Pop.  6196. 

DoMol',  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  near  the 
left  bank  of  the  Lower  Senegal. 

Dolonnor,  Mongolia.     See  Chao-Naiman-Soome. 

Dolores,  do-lo'rfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Segura.     Pop,  3182. 

DoloreSf  do-lo'rSs,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
Uo,  120  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  3250. 

Dolores,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  45  miles  N.E.  of 
&nanajuato. 

Dolo'res,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montezuma  co..  Col,,  10 
miles  N.  of  Cortez. 

Dolo'res  River  (Span,  Eio  Dolores,  ree'o  do-lo'rSs) 
rises  in  the  San  Juan  Mountains  in  Colorado,  runs  west- 
ward and  northward,  crosses  the  W.  boundary  of  Colorado, 
and  enters  the  Grand  River  in  the  E,  part  of  Sevier  co., 
Utah.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  250  miles.  It  flows  many 
miles  in  a  deep  canon  from  1500  to  3000  feet  deep.  "  Its 
course  after  leaving  the  mountains  is  at  first  nearly  south, 
then,  suddenly  turning  back  almost  upon  itself,  it  flows 
northerly  against  the  slope  of  a  plateau  in  which  it  buries 
itself  deeper  and  deeper,"     (Report  of  H.  Gannett,  1875.) 

Dol'phingston,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Had- 
dington, 2  miles  W.  of  Tranent. 

Dol'sentown,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  oo,,  N.Y,,  2  miles 
from  Middletown. 

Dol'son,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co,.  111,,  is  at  Clarks- 
ville,  in  Dolson  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marshall,  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1221. 

Dol'ton's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  Ill,,  in 
Thornton  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes 
Railroad,  26  miles  S,  of  Chicago;  also  on  the  Columbus, 
Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  It  has  2  churches,  a 
(graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop,  about  600. 

Domagn^,  do^m8,n^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
1  VUaine,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  1827. 

Domaize,  do^mSz'  or  do^miz',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.    P.  1377. 

Domalain,  do^miMS,N»',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  22  miles  E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1190. 

Domanis,  do^moh^neesh',  or  Domanisa,  do*m5h^- 
nee'sh6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Trentsohin.     It  contains  two  castles.     Pop.  525. 

Domart,  do^maR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1346. 

Domazlicze,  the  Bohemian  name  of  Tauss. 

Dombai,  dom^bi',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  60  miles  W. 
of  Akshehr.     Near  it  are  many  ancient  remains. 

Dombasle,  dAjr^bil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meurthe- 
et-Moselle,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Nancy. 

Dombes,  or  La  Dombes,  1&  d6Mb,  an  old  division 
of  France,  in  Burgundy,  and  now  in  the  department  of  Ain. 

Dom^bovar',  a  town  of  Hungary,  30  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Battaszek.     Pop.  1650. 

Dom^brovit'za,  or  Dom^brovit'zy,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Volhynia,  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zhitomeer.     P.  2660. 

Dombrowice,  dom-bro-veet'si,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  84  miles  AV,  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  1290. 

Dombrowno,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Gilgenbbrg. 

Domburg,  dom'buRO,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Walcheren,  6i 
miles  N.W.  of  Middelburg.     Pop.  857. 

Domefrontium,  the  Latin  for  Domfront. 

Dome  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  near  lat.  40°  N.  and  Ion.  107°  W,  Altitude, 
12,498  feet. 

Dom^ne,  do^mfin'  or  do^main',  a  village  of  France,  in 
IsSre,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1484. 

Domenica,  a  West  Indian  island.     See  Dominica. 

Dom6rat,  dom^i^ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier,  3 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Montlujon.     P.  857;  of  commune,  3506. 

Domfront,  doM^fr6No'  (L.  Dome/ran' Hum),  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Orne,  on  a  steep  rock,  near  the  Varenne,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Flers.  It  has  a  fine  old  church,  also 
manufactories  of  coarse  linen  and  hemp  cloths,  and  11  large 
annual  horse-  and  cattle-fairs.  Domfront  was  founded  early 
in  the  eleventh  century,  and  was  formerly  a  coveted  strong- 
hold.   Pop.  2735. 

Domfront,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sartho,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Le  Mans.    Pop,  1417. 


Dominica,  or  Domenica,  dom-e-nee'ka  (Fr.  Domi- 
nique, dom-e-neek'),  a  British  West  Indian  island,  colony 
of  the  Leeward  Islands,  in  lat.  15°  25'  N.,  Ion.  61°  15'  W., 
is  29  miles  long  and  16  miles  in  breadth.  Area,  291  square 
miles.  Only  a  small  part  is  arable,  the  surface  being  rough 
and  broken.  Volcanic  rocks  and  hot  springs  abound,  and 
large  deposits  of  sulphur  are  reported.  The  island  is  well 
timbered  and  well  watered,  and  the  arable  parts  are  very 
fertile.  Sugar,  molasses,  rum,  cofiee,  cacao,  and  copper  ore 
are  exported.  The  people  are  generally  Catholics,  of  French 
descent.  The  island  has  its  own  legislature  and  executive 
officers.  Telegraph  lines  connect  it  with  the  other  islands 
and  the  mainland.     Capital,  Roseau.     Pop.  30,000. 

Dominica,  Marquesas  Islands.     See  Hiyaoa. 

Dominican  Republic.    See  Santo  Domingo. 

Ddmitz,  do'mits,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Schwerin,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Elde  with  the  Elbe.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
also  distilleries  and  breweries.     Pop.  2650. 

Domme,  dom,  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on 
the  Dordogne,  53  miles  S.E.  of  P^rigueux.     Pop.  1996. 

Dom'mel  (anc,  Duthmela  f),  a  river  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant.  After  a  tortuous  northern  course 
of  45  miles,  it  joins  the  Meuse  at  Fort  Crgvecoeur. 

Dommitzsch,  dom'mitoh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Torgau.     Pop,  1951. 

Domnau,  dom'nSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Konigsberg.     It  has  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  2281. 

Domo  d'Ossola,  do'mo  dos'so-li  (L,  Oscela  or  Osce- 
lum),  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Simplon  route,  near  the  Swisa 
frontier,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  3327. 

Dompaire,  ddM^pis',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Mirecourt,  has  lace-manufactures.    Pop.  1421. 

Dompierre,  d6M^pe-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier, 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  2229. 

Dompierre,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inffiri- 
eure,  6  miles  N.E.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1858, 

Dompierre,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1666. 

Domremy,  d6MV5m'ee  or  d6H»^r9h-mee',  or  Doin 
remy-la>Fucelle,  d6N»*r9h-mee'-li-pii^sSll',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  7  miles  N.  of  Neufch^teau,  on  the 
Meuse,  It  is  the  native  place  of  Joan  of  Arc,  whose  house 
is  preserved  as  a  national  relic.  Opposite  to  it  is  a  monu- 
ment, with  a  colossal  bust  of  the  heroine.     Pop.  339. 

Domriansk,  dom-re-insk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  40  miles  N,N.E,  of  Perm. 

Do'mns,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, 16  miles  S,W.  of  Surat,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Taptee  in 
the  Gulf  of  Cambay, 

Don  (anc,  Ta'nais  ;  Tartar,  JOoo'wa),  a  river  of  Eurojtcan 
Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Toola,  in  Lake  Ivan, 
which  also  sends  a  tributary  to  the  Volga,  flows  gener- 
ally S,,  passes  Dankov,  Lebedian,  Cherkask,  Nakhchivan, 
Azof,  and  Rostov,  and  enters  the  Sea  of  Azof  by  many 
mouths  on  the  N,E.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Sosna 
Bystraia,  the  Sosna  Tikhaia,  and  the  Donets;  left,  the 
Voronezh,  Khoper,  Medvieditza,  Sal,  and  Manitch.  Length, 
direct,  468  miles;  including  windings,  1325  miles.  The 
navigation  of  the  Don  is  difficult  in  summer,  when  the 
water  is  low ;  in  winter  the  river  is  often  frozen ;  but  at 
other  times  it  is  traversed  by  large  vessels.  The  Don  and 
the  Voronezh  communicate  by  canals  with  the  Oka,  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Volga,  and  thus  unite  the  Sea  of  Azof  to  the 
Caspian.  The  delta  of  the  Don  is  an  expanse  of  sandy  flats, 
running  28  miles  up,  and  22  miles  wide  at  the  coast-line. 
Drainage-area,  170,000  square  miles.  It  is  the  fourth  in 
rank  of  the  great  rivers  of  Europe. 

Don,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
rises  in  the  moors  W.  of  Penniston,  and  joins  the  Ouse  after 
a  course  of  55  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  Sheffield.  It 
communicates  by  canals  with  the  Trent  and  the  Calder. 

Don,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  rises  in  Ben 
Aven,  and  enters  the  North  Sea  1^  miles  N.  of  Aberdeen, 
after  a  course  of  62  miles.  Its  banks  are  mostly  level,  except 
in  the  last  part  of  its  course,  where  it  flows  rapidly  through 
a  narrow  channel ;  and  it  is  navigable  from  the  sea  only  for 
a  short  distance.     Its  salmon-fisheries  are  important. 

Don,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Don,  If  miles  B 
of  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Don,  Ahv,  a  river  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire  and 
llle-et-Vilaine,  joins  the  Vilaine  6  miles  E.N.E,  of  Redon, 
after  a  W.  course  of  40  miles,  for  10  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Dona  Anna,  New  Mexico.     See  Donna  Ana. 

Donabate,  don-a-bait',  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo,  and 
lOi  miles  by  rail  N.NiB.  of  Dublin.    Pop.  of  parish.  338. 


DON 


1046 


DON 


Donabew,  or  Donahue,  don^a-bu',  a  town  of  British 
Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  65  miles  N.W.  of  B,angoon; 
the  scene  of  British  defeats  in  1825  and  1853.     Pop.  3921. 

Donaghadee,  don^a-ni-dee'  or  don^a-ga-dee',  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  the  Irish  Channel,  16i  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  good 
barbor.  Embroidering  is  carried  on,  and  in  the  town  are 
flax-mills.     Steamers  ply  hence  to  Port  Patrick.    Pop.  2226. 

Dou'ahue,  a  village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  an  inlet 
of  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo,  and  on  the  San  Francisco  <fc  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.  Steamboats 
ply  between  that  city  and  Donahue,  where  passengers  are 
transferred  from  the  boat  to  the  cars.  It  has  a  hotel  and 
some  workshops  of  the  railroad  company. 

Donahue,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Davenport. 

Dou'alds,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  oo.,  S.C,  40 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Qreenville,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.  of 
Abbeville  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  216. 

Don'aldson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  oo.,  Ark., 
on  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  54  miles  S.W.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Donaldson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marshall  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  ^Plymouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Donaldson,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal,  which  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  958. 

Don'aldsonville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ascension 
parish.  La.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad,  about  80 
miles  by  river  (63  by  rail)  above  New  Orleans.  It  has  7 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  3121. 

Donaldsville,  South  Carolina.     See  Donalds. 

Don'ally's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Millerstown.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and 
2  saw-mills. 

Donas,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Donnas. 

Doua'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  oo..  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Huntingdon. 

Donau,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Danube. 

Douaueschingen,  do'now-dsh'ing-^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Baden,  at  a  railway  junction,  37  miles  N.W.  of 
Constance,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Brigach  and  Brege.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  fine  residence  of 
Prince  Fiirstenberg,  in  the  court-yard  of  which  is  a  spring 
held  by  some  to  be  the  source  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  3366. 

Donaustauf,  do'n6w-st3wr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper 
Palatinate,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Worth,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Danube.     Near  it  is  the  Walhalla  temple.     Pop.  1059. 

Donauwdrth,  do'nSw-<^ont\  written  also  Donau- 
tverth,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Wernitz  with  the  Danube,  and  at  a  railway  junction, 
25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg.  It  was  formerly  a  free 
town.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  several  churches  and 
hospitals,  and  a  monastery.  Its  inhabitants  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  raising  fruits,  flax,  hemp,  and  hops,  in  brewing, 
and  in  a  transit  trade  on  the  Danube.     Pop,  3758. 

Don  Benito,  don  bi-nee'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  57  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Badajos,  near  the  Guadiana.     Pop.  4836. 

Donc'aster  (ano.  Ba'num),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  the  navigable  river  Don,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  32  miles  S.  of  York.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated,  and  is  one  of  the  cleanest  and  best- 
built  towns  in  the  kingdom.  The  High  street  is  remarkably 
handsome.  The  chief  edifices  are  the  parish  church,  a  noble 
structure,  with  a  tower;  Christ  church,  a  grammar-school, 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  a  large  county  deaf  and  dumb  insti- 
tution, the  town  hall,  jail,  and  cross,  a  public  library,  thea- 
tre, lyceum,  branch  banks,  and  numerous  hotels.  Here  is  a 
celebrated  race-course.  In  1776  the  famous  St.  Leger  stakes 
for  three-year-olds  were  founded  by  Colonel  St.  Leger,  and 
they  have  been  since  annually  run  for  in  September  by  the 
best  horses  in  England.     Pop.  in  1891,  25,936. 

Donc'aster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  Potomac  River,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Donc'aster,  or  Todmorden,  a  post- village  of  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Donchery,  ddiyo^sh^h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dennes, on  the  Meuse,  and  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Sedan. 
It  is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  was  formerly  strongly  forti- 
fied. On  a  large  open  space  are  a  town  hall  and  a  residence 
for  a  military  governor.  It  has  a  hospital  and  cavalry 
barracks.     Pop.  2147. 

Don  Cossacks,  Country  of  the.    See  Cossacks. 


Don'dra  Head  (anc.  Dewandre,  i.e.,  "island's  end"), 
the  southernmost  extremity  of  Ceylon.  Lat.  5°  55'  N  • 
Ion.  80°  38'  E.  ' 

Donegal,  don-e-gawl',  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster, 
having  E.  and  S.  the  counties  of  Londonderry,  Tyrone,  and 
Fermanagh,  and  on  other  sides  Donegal  Bay  and  the  At- 
lantic. Area,  1870  square  miles,  one-third  arable.  Surface 
mountainous ;  principal  rivers,  the  Swilly  and  Leenan. 
Shores  greatly  indented,  and  the  county  contains  Loughs 
Swilly  and  Mulroy,  with  Sheephaven,  Gweedore,  Guibarra, 
and  Lochrus  Bays,  and  many  islands  off  the  coast.  The 
inland  lakes  are  numerous;  the  largest  is  Lough  Derg. 
Principal  towns,  Ballyshannon  and  Letterkenny,  with  the 
ports  of  Ramelton,  Donegal,  and  Killybegs.  The  county 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Capitsd, 
Lifi'ord.    Pop.  in  1871,  218,334;  in  1891,  185,211. 

Donegal,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Esk,  in  Donegal  Bay,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bal- 
lyshannon. It  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  neat  church,  sulphur 
baths,  and  the  ruins  of  a  monastery.  Pop.  1422.  Dongoal 
Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  extending  inwards  about  25 
miles ;  breadth  at  entrance,  20  miles. 

Donegal,  don^e-gawl',  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  852,  exclusive  of  Millerstown. 

Donegal,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  contains 
Claysville,  Coon  Island,  and  West  Alexander.     Pop.  2068. 

Donegal,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Donegal  township,  about  42  miles  S.£.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  192 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1112. 

Donegal,  a  post-village  of  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  3  milea 
from  Newry.     Pop.  100. 

Don'elson,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons. 
It  is  also  called  McAVhirtersville.     Pop.  about  100. 

Don'eltou,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Donerail',  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin 
cinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Doneraile,  don^r-ail',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
on  the  Awbeg,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mallow.  It  has  a  neat 
church,  large  Catholic  chapel,  nunnery,  dispensary,  and 
market-house.     Pop.  1314. 

Do'ner's,  a  station  on  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac 
Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Donets,  or  Donetz,  do-nits',  a  river  of  Southern 
Russia,  and  the  principal  affluent  of  the  Don,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Koorsk,  flows  mostly  S.E.  through  the  gov- 
ernment of  Kharkov  and  the  Don  Cossack  country,  and 
joins  the  Don  on  the  right,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Novo-Cher- 
kask,  after  a  course  of  400  miles.  It  is  wide  and  deep,  and 
its  banks  are  highly  fertile.  Principal  affluents,  the  Oskol, 
Aidar,  and  Kalitva, — all  from  the  N.  On  its  banks  are  the 
towns  of  Bielgorod,  Smiev,  Izioom,  and  Slavianoserbsk. 

Dongen,  dong'H^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  3874. 

Donges,  d6Nzh,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Loira- 
Inf^rieure,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2890. 

Dong-Nai,  dong-ni'  (Fr.  Donnai,  d6n'ni',  or  Bien- 
Hoa),  a  river  of  French  Cochin  China,  rising  in  Anam,  and 
forming,  with  the  Saigon  and  other  streams,  a  joint  delta- 
system  with  many  mouths,  two  of  the  outlets  being  navi- 
gable for  large  ships. 

Dongo,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Angola. 

Don'go  (anc.  Adun'cum?),  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  which 
rises  above  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Como.     Pop.  1341. 

Dongola,  dong'go-li,  a  province  of  Upper  Nubia,  lying 
between  lat.  17°  50'  and  19°  30  N.  It  consists  of  an  exten- 
sive plain,  about  180  miles  long,  but  of  a  limited  breadth, 
embracing  both  banks  of  the  Nile,  by  which  it  is  traversed 
throughout  its  entire  length,  encircling  in  its  course  the 
island  of  Argo.  It  was  taken  from  the  Memlooks  by  Ibra- 
him Pasha  in  1820. Inhab.  Dongola  wee,  dong-go-l4'- 

wee.     See  New  Dongola  and  Old  Dongola. 

Dongo'la,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  111.,  in  Dongola 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Cairo.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
machine-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3095. 

Dongola,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka 
Creek,  14  miles  E.  of  Princeton. 

Donington,  England.     See  Donnington. 

Don'ington  Castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Leicester,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Derby.     Pop.  2154. 

Don'iphan,  the  northeastern  most  county  of  Kansa*, 
has  an  area  of  about  378  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected  bv 


DON 


1047 


DOU 


iWolf  River.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and  diversi- 
jfied  with  prairies,  blufifs,  and  forests,  which  grow  on  the 
jriver  bottoms.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  An  excel- 
llent  quality  of  limestone  and  sandstone  are  found  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  this  county,  and  good  potter's-clay  is  met 
■  with  in  the  N.W.  and  S.E.  sections.  It  has  beds  of  bitu- 
iminoua  coal,  and  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand 
.Island  Railroad  and  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad, 
i  Capitol,  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,969;  in  1880,  14,257;  in 
J1890,  13,535. 

Doniphan,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on 
itbe  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Atchison  <fe  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.N.B.  of  Atchison,  and  about  15  miles  S.W. 
of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
saw-mill,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wine, 
It  is  a  shipping-point  for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  347. 

Doniphan,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Current  River,  about  75  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Ironton. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  609. 

Doniphan,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Grand  Island.     It  has  6  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  brick-works,  Ac.     Pop.  437. 
Don  Ju'an,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 
Donkerbroek,  donk^§r-br66k',  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
^^eiiands,  in  Friesland,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     P.  670. 
^Htoonkiah,  Himalaya  Mountains.     See  Dunkia. 
^^Konkov,  or  Donkow,  Russia.     See  Danko7. 
^^TDonley,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Fa.,  on  the  Alle- 

ighany  Valley  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
^^^onley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
^■Boumyer,  Kansas.     See  New  Cambria. 
^■Kon'na  Ana  (or  Anna),  a  large  southeastern  county 
TorNew  Mexico,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Rio  Grande, 
and  intersected  by  the  Rio  Pecos.     The  surface  is  traversed 
Ity  several  mountain-ranges,  one  of  which  is  called  the  Gua- 
dalupe Mountains.    Here  are  also  large  arid  plains  or  table- 
livnds,  in  which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.     The  soil  in 
t  le  valleys  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  Rio  Pecos  is  fertile,  and 
J  roduces  wheat,  maize,  and  pasturage  for  sheep.     It  is  in- 
t  jrsected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  La  Junta  &  El  Paso  Branch 
of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  which  passes 
tirough  Las  Cruces,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  in 
1870,  5864;  in  1880,  7612;  in  1890,  9191. 

Donna  Ana,  a  village  of  Donna  Anaco.,  New  Mexico, 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  10  miles  above 
i  Las   Cruces.      It  has  a  church,   a  manufactory  of  wine, 
i  and  general  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  in  1890  of 
Iionna  Ana  township,  872. 
K  Donnai,  a  river  of  Cochin  China.     See  Dong-Nai. 
^■Don'naldsville,  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.     See  Donalds. 
^HBon'nan,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,   Iowa,  on  the 
^flltfrlington.  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern   Railroad,  30  miles 
F.  of  Independence.     It  is  on  or  near  the  Davenport  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad. 

Donnaoe,  don'ni-o'^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ranen- Fiord.  It  is  about  18  miles  long  by  6 
broad.     Lat.  of  the  centre,  66°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  45'  E. 

Donnaz,  dAn'nidz,  or  Donas,  do'nis,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora  Baltea,  15  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ivrea.    Pop.  1648. 

Don'nellson,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  III., 
32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Edwardsville,  and  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Hillsborough.  It  ha^  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Donnellson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Keokuk,     It  has  a  church. 

Don'nelly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stevens   co.,  Minn.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Morris.     It  has  a  grain-elevator. 
Donnelly,  a  station  in  Butler  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Parker 
A  Karns  City  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Parker  Junction. 
Don'nel's  Chapel,  post-office,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn. 
Don'nelsville,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  3  miles 
from  Enon  Station,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  pottery,  and  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  243. 

Don'ner  Lake,  California,  a  small  and  beautiful 
mountain-lake  in  Nevada  co.,  in  a  chasm  or  gorge  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada.  It  is  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Truckee,  a  station 
on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  about  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Lake  Tahoe.     It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Don'nington,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  27  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Lincoln.     A  canal  connects  it  with  Boston.    Pop. 
J  of  parish,  1753. 

j  Don'nybrook,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin, 
famous  for  its  annual  fair.  It  is  now  a  part  of  Pembroke, 
a  western  suburb  of  Dublin.     Pop.  1853. 


Donnybrook,  Ontorio.    See  Westoveb. 

Donobew,  British  Burmah.     See  Donabew. 

Donohue,  California.     See  Donahue. 

Don'ovan,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  oo..  111.,  in  Beaver 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Kankakee,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Watseka.  It  has  2  churches,  common  schools,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  240. 

Dontreix,  d6N<»'tr4'  or  d6N»^trix',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Creuse,  20  miles  E.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  297. 

Donysa,  one  of  the  Grecian  islands.     See  Heraklia. 

Donzdorf,  donts'donf,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  5  miles 
N.  of  Geislingen.     Pop.  1970. 

Donzenac,  d6N<»*z§h-nik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cor- 
reze,  5  miles  N.  of  Brives-la-Gaillarde.     Pop.  1657. 

Donz^re,  dANo^zaiu',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  on 
the  Rhone,  35  miles  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1748. 

Donzy,  d6N>»*zee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nievre,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Cosne.     Pop,  2560. 

Dooab,  in  India.     See  Doab. 

Dooany,  or  Douany,  doo-&'nee,  a  walled  town  of  the 
Comoro  Islands,  capital  of  Mohilla,  on  its  coast.  Lat.  12° 
17'  S.;  Ion.  43°  46'  E. 

Doo^baunt',or  Doo^bauug'  (Indian,  Toobaung,  i.e., 
"  turbid  water"),  a  lake  of  Canada,  near  62°  N.  lat.  and  98° 
W.  Ion.     Doobaunt  River  is  a  small  stream  flowing  into  it. 

Doobosary,Doubosary,  or  Dubosary ,  doo^bo-zi'- 
ree,  written  also  Dubozari,  or  No'vie-Doobosary, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  on  the  Dniester, 
42  miles  N.W.  of  Tiraspol.     Pop.  6402. 

Doobovka,  Doubovka,  Dubovka,  doo-bov'kl,  or 
Dubovski-Posad,  doo-bov'skee-po-s4d',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  180  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
Volga.  It  has  a  prison,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  and 
trade  in  tobacco,  soap,  tallow,  leather,  and  mustard.  Pop. 
12,737. 

Doobrovna,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dubrotna. 

Dood^hoo',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  Jeypoor,  162 
miles  E.  of  Agra.     It  has  many  shops  and  a  large  trade. 

Dood^put'lee,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cachar,  40  miles  E. 
of  Sylhet. 

Doo'ish,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Letterkenny.     Height,  2143  feet. 

Dookovcheena,  Doukovtchina,  or  Dukov- 
tschina,  doo-kov-chee'ni,  written  also  Duchowsch- 
tschina,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Smolensk.     Pop.  3550. 

Doo'le^a,  a  town  of  British  India,  district  of  Candeish. 
Lat.  21°  1'  N.;  Ion.  74°  47'  E. 

Doo'little's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Oil  township,  about  48  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Doo'iy,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  705  square  miles.  It  is  boundea  on 
the  W.  by  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 
Southern  &  Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Vienna,  Pop,  in 
1870,  9790;  in  1880,  12,420;  in  1890,  18,146. 

Doomairah,  or  Dnmaira,  doo-mi'r&,  an  island  in 
the  Red  Sea,  in  lat.  14°  N.,  Ion.  43°  30'  E.,  of  great  height. 

Doon,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  flowing  from 
Loch  Doon,  in  a  N.N.W.  course  of  about  18  miles,  into  the 
Firth  of  Clyde,  3  miles  S.  of  Ayr.  The  name  of  this  beau- 
tiful stream  has  been  immortalized  by  Burns. 

Doon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  on  Rock  River, 
and  on  2  railroads,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Lester,  and 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rock  Rapids.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  graded  sohools.     Pop.  500. 

Doon,  a  post-village  of  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  7  milea 
by  rail  S.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  150. 

Doona,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Don. 

Doondwaragunge,orDund\varagaiu,doonMw&- 
ri-giinj',  a  town  of  the  Etah  district,  India.     Pop.  5414. 

Doon^gurpoor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootona,  48 
miles  S.  of  Odeypoor,  and  the  capitol  of  a  small  rajahship, 
tributary  to  the  British. 

Door,  Dour,  or  Dur,  door  (rhyming  with  poor),  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  83  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on 
the  Tigris. 

Door,  Dour,  or  Dur,  door,  a  village  of  Persia,  in 
Irak-Ajemee,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Door,  dor,  a  northeastern  county  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  a  long,  narrow  pen- 
insula, bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Michigan  and  on  the 
N.W.  by  Green  Bay.   A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered 


DOO 


1048 


DOR 


with  forests.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  fruit,  potatoes, 
and  grass.  Lake  Kangaroo  is  situated  in  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  county.  Capital,  Sturgeon  Bay,  Pop.  in  1870, 
4919;  in  1880,  11,645;  in  1890,  15,682. 

Door,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  574. 

Doorak,  Dourak,  or  Durak,  doo'rik,  written  also 
Dorak,  do'rik,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  200 
miles  S.W.  of  Ispahan,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jerahi  and 
Doorak  Rivers.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  handkerchiefs 
and  Arabian  cloaks.    Pop.  8000. 

Door  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  about 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madison. 

Doorn,  dorn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  11  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1163. 

Doorneburg,  doR'n^h-buRo^orDornenburgf  doR'- 
n?n-biiRQ^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nymwegen. 

Doornik,  the  Flemish  name  of  Tournay. 

Doornspyk,  doRn'spIke,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  1^  miles  S.W.  of  Elburg. 

Door  (d3r)  Village,  a  post-village  of  La  Porte  co., 
Ind.,  in  Scipio  township,  about  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Michigan 
City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dooshak,  a  town  of  Seistan.    See  Jklalabad. 

Doostee,  or  Dustee,  doos'tee\  written  also  Dusee, 
Doost,  Doust,  and  Dust,  a  river  of  Beloochistan, 

Srovince  of  Mekran,  enters  the  Arabian  Sea  in  lat.  25°  15' 
\.,  Ion.  61°  50'  E.,  after  a  course  of  perhaps  1000  miles. 

Do'ra,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co.,  111.  Pop.  924.  It 
contains  Dalton  City. 

Dora,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Sala- 
monie  River,  about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Dora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Empire  City,  the  capital.     It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills. 

Dora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Ringgold. 

Dora  Baltea,  do'ri  b&l-ti'&  (ano.  Du'ria  Ma'jor),  a 
river  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  rises  at  the  foot  of  the  Little 
St.  Bernard,  and,  after  an  E.  and  S.E.  course  of  nearly  90 
miles,  joins  the  Po  near  Crescentino. 

Dorak,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Doorak. 

Dorama,  do-r&'mS.,  a  town  of  Central  Arabia,  in  Nod- 
jed,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Derayeh.  It  is  a  place  of  provision- 
ing for  the  Mecca  caravans.     Pop.  7700. 

Doran,  do'r&n',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  30  miles 
S.  of  Sana.     It  has  some  remarkable  tombs. 

Do'ran,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa. 

Doran,  a  station  in  Wilkin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Breokenridge. 

Doran,  a  station  in  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Sedalia. 

Dorang,  a  district  of  India.     See  Ddrrung. 

Dora  Ripaira,  do'ri  re-pi'r4  (ano.  Du'ria  Mi'nor),  a 
river  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  rises  in  the  Cottian  Alps,  and, 
after  an  E.  course  of  60  miles,  joins  the  Po  near  Turin, 

Do'raville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Atlanta  <fc  Richmond  Air- Line  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  acd  several 
general  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Doraville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Binghamton. 

DorVheat'  (or  Danchite,  daw-cheat')  Bayou, 
ol'oo,  rises  in  Arkansas,  and  runs  southward  through  Co- 
lumbia CO.  into  Louisiana.  Continuing  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, it  intersects  Webster  parish,  and  enters  the  north  end 
of  Lake  Bistineau.  It  is  about  100  miles  long.  Steamboats 
navigate  the  lower  part  of  this  bayou. 

Dor^cheat',  a  post-office  of  Webster  parish.  La. 

Dor'chester  (anc.  Dumovaria,  and  Durinum;  Saxon, 
Dornceaster,  probably  a  corruption  of  Diirini  Caatra,  i.e., 
the  "  Station  of  Durinum"),  a  town  of  England,  capital  of 
Dorset,  on  the  Frome,  at  a  railway  junction,  8  miles  N.  of 
Weymouth,  and  140  miles  by  rail  S.W,  of  London,  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  fine  avenues,  and  handsomely  built,  the  poorer 
edifices  being  confined  to  the  adjoining  village,  Fordington. 
It  has  3  churches  (one  of  which — St,  Peter's — is  an  ancient 
structure,  containing  some  curious  monuments),  a  grammar- 
school,  several  ancient  poor's  hospitals,  a  county  hospital, 
workhouse,  a  handsome  town  hall  with  market-house,  shire 
hall,  county  jail  and  house  of  correction,  barracks,  theatre, 
banks,  and  several  interesting  Roman  remains,  including 
traces  of  the  ancient  walls.  In  the  close  vicinity  of  the 
town  are  two  entrenched  stations,  aind  the  amphitheatre 
of  Maumbury,  the  most  perfect  in  the  kingdom.  Dorchester 
nas  a  flourishing  retail  trade,  breweries,  and  large  fairs  for 
iheep  and  lambs.     Pop.  in  1891,  7946. 


Dorchester  (anc.  Durodna  or  Dorocina),  a  village  of 
England,  oo.  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oxford,  on  the  Thames, 
here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.     Pop.  of  parish,  1053. 

Dor'chester,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maryland, 
has  an  area  of  about  610  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N,  by  the  Choptank  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Nanticoke 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  and 
marshes.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Dorchester 
&  Delaware  Railroad.  Capital,  Cambridge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,458;  in  1880,  23,110;  in  1890,  24,843. 

Dorchester,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  co.,  Qa.,  near  an 
inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  a  church,  and  separate  schools  for  white  and  colored. 

Dorchester,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  41 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  general  business  houses.     Pop.  104. 

Dorchester,  a  post- village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Waterloo  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Dorchester,  a  former  town  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  situ- 
ated on  Massachusetts  Bay,  4  miles  S.  of  Boston,  on  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad  and  the  New  York  4  New  England  Rail- 
road. It  is  now  the  16th  ward  of  Boston,  to  which  it  was 
annexed  in  1869.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Neponset 
River,  has  a  hilly  surface,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery. 
Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  various  articles,  and 
many  fine  country-seats.  Dorchester  post-office  is  now  a 
branch  of  Boston  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,048. 

Dorchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  28  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  general  stores 
and  business  concerns.     Pop.  540. 

Dorchester,  a  post-township  of  Orafton  co.,  N.H., 
15  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  089. 

Dorchester,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Maurice  River  township,  on  Maurice  River,  3  miles  from 
Manamuskin  Station,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Millville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  graded  school.  It  is  mainly  supported  by 
ship-building  and  the  oyster-trade.     Pop.  nearly  400. 

Dorchester,  a  decayed  village  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Charleston.  This  is  the  principal  scene  of 
the  romantic  tale  of  "  The  Partisan,"  by  Simms. 

Dorchester,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  in  May- 
ville  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  222  miles 
N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  a 
chair-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 

Dorchester,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bordering  upon 
Maine.  Area,  912  square  miles.  Capital,  Sainte  Henedine. 
Pop.  17,776. 

Dor'chester,  a  port  of  entry  and  capital  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Petitoodiac  River,  near  its 
entrance  into  Shepody  Bay,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sack- 
ville,  and  116  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John.  The  river  is  navi- 
gable for  ships  of  any  size.  The  town  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  a  number  of  stores  and  hotels,  3  churches, 
and  a  telegraph  office.  It  ships  fine  gray  sandstone  to  the 
United  States.  A  valuable  mineral,  called  albertite,  or 
"jet  coal,"  is  mined  in  its  vicinity,  and  is  employed  in 
gas-works.     Pop.  800. 

Dorchester,  Ontario.     See  Putnah. 

Dorchester,  Quebec.    See  St.  Johns. 

Dorchester  Station,  or  £d'wardsburgh,  a  post- 
village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles  by  rail  B.  by 
N.  of  London.     Pop.  200. 

Dordogne,  dorMon'  (Fr.  pron.  donMoS'),  a  depart- 
ment in  the  S.E.  of  France,  between  the  departments  of 
Haute- Vienne,  Charente,  Charente-Inf^rieure,  Gironde,  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  Lot,  and  CorrSze.  Capital,  P6rigueux.  Area, 
3545  square  miles.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Dordogne, 
V6zSre,  Haute- V6zSre,  and  Isle.  The  surface  in  many 
parts  is  uncultivated  and  has  numerous  marshes.  The 
soil,  generally  dry  and  sandy,  is  rich  in  minerals,  including 
iron,  copper,  lead,  coal,  manganese,  and  lithographic  stones ; 
the  department  also  has  marble-quarries  and  mineral  springe. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  iron,  serges,  hosiery,  paper, 
brandy,  and  liqueurs.     Pop.  in  1891,  478,471. 

Dordogne  (anc.  Dura'niua  and  Dordo'nia  /),  a  river 
in  the  S.W.  of  France,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Dor  and  the  Dogne,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D8me, 
and,  after  a  course  of  220  miles,  joins  the  Garonne  13  milei 
N.  of  Bordeaux. 

Dordongum,  the  Latin  name  of  Dourdan. 

Dordracum,  the  Latin  name  of  Dort. 

Dordrecht,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Dobt 
Dore,  Mount,  in  France.    See  Mont  Dob. 


DOR 


1049 


DOR 


Dorebat,  do'r^-bit',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  45 
miles  E.N.E.^of  Mocha. 

Dore  I'Eglise,  doR  li^gleez',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  12  miles  S.  of  Ambert.     Pop.  446. 

Dorey,  Dorei,  Dori,  Doreh,  do'r^h,  called  also 
Do'ry  Harbor,  a  town  of  Papua,  on  a  harbor  near  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Geelvink  Bay.  It  is  wretchedly  built, 
and  consists  of  huts  standing  on  posts  in  the  water. 
'  Dorgali,  doR-gi'lee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  62  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Sassari.    It  has  manufactures  of  silks.    Pop.  3991. 

Dorheim,  doR'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  16  miles  N.  of  Hanau,  on  the  Wetter.     Pop.  202. 

Do'ris,  an  eparchy  of  Greece,  in  the  nome  of  Phthiotis 
and  Phocis.     Capital,  Lidikori.     Pop.  20,187. 
j     Dorjeling,  India.     See  Darjeeling. 
I    Dorjella,  dor-y5l'l8,,  a   village  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  Wamma,  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands. 

Dor'king,  or  Dar'king,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Surrey,  in  a  valley  famed  for  its  beauty,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 29  miles  S.S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  many  hand- 
some residences,  and  a  church,  containing  a  mausoleum  of  the 
Dukes  of  Norfolk.  The  trade  in  lime  and  chalk  from  ad- 
jacent pits  is  considerable.  Around  the  town  are  numerous 
fine  mansions.   It  gives  name  to  a  breed  of  fowls.    P.  541 9. 

Dorla,  doR'13,,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  contiguous  vil- 
lages of  Prussian  Saxony,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Miihlhausen. 
Total  pop.  2867. 

Dormagen,  doR-m9,'gh§n  (anc.  Bumoma'gusf),  a  vil- 
lage of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Dussel- 
dorf.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  2136. 

Dor'man,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Dormans,  doR^miNo',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Marne,  14  miles  W.  of  Epernay.     Pop.  1480. 

Dor'manstOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co,,  Pa.,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Wagner.     It  has  several  stores. 

Dor'tnansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Westerlo  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church. 

Dor'mer's,  a  station  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  N.W. 
of  Port  Carbon,  on  the  Mill  Creek  &  Mine  Hill  Railroad. 

Dor'miney's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga. 

Dornach,  doR^n3,k',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace, 
2i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Miilhausen.  Pop.  4750,  engaged 
in  cotton-spinning  and  weaving. 

Doruach,  doR'n3,k\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  19  miles 
N.  of  Soloure.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of  the  Swiss 
over  the  Austrians,  July  22,  1499. 

Dornbach,  doRn'bS,K,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  990. 

Dorubirn,  doRn'bgcRn,  Dornbiirn,  doRn'biiRn, 
Dornbiihren,  doRn'bii-ren,  or  Dormbiirn,  doRm'biiRn, 
a  town  of  Austria,  in  Vorarlberg,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bre- 
genz.     Pop.  8508. 

Dornburg,  doRn'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Saxe- Weimar,  15  miles  E.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Saale.  It 
contains  three  castles,  one  of  which  was  often  the  residence 
of  Goethe.     Pop.  710. 

Dornceaster,  the  Saxon  for  Dorchester. 

Dorudorf,  doRn'doRf,a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Munster,  on  the  Lippe.  It  contains  a 
Franciscan  monastery  and  a  hospital. 

Dornenburg,  Netherlands.     See  Doorkeburg. 

Domes,  doRn,  a  village  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  21  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1795. 

Domes,  doR'nSs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  Zezere,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  1011. 

Domhan,  doRn'hin,  or  Dornhem,  doRn'hSm,  a  town 
of  Wurtemberg,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1558. 

Domo,  doR'no  (L.  Dor'nus),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  4269. 

Dornoch,  dor'noK,  a  village  of  Scotland,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Sutherland,  on  Dornoch  Firth,  14  miles  N.  of 
Cromarty.  It  has  a  church,  elegantly  fitted  up,  and  fine 
remains  of  the  bishop's  castle.  It  unites  with  Kirkwall, 
Cromarty,  Dingwall,  Tain,  and  Wick  in  sending  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  625. 

Dornoch  Firth,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  North  Sea,  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  the  counties  of  Sutherland 
and  Ross.     Breadth  of  entrance,  about  15  miles. 

Dorn's  Gold-Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co., 
B.C.,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Abbeville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
gold-mine. 

Dorn'sife,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Williamsport  &  Catawissa  division  of  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Reading  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Shamokin, 
and  8  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  a  hotel  and 
general  stores. 
67 


Dornstetten,  doRn'stSt-t§n  (ano.  Tarodu'num  t),  a  tow** 
of  Wurtemberg,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1018. 

Dornum,  doR'nSdm,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Aurich.     Pop.  912. 

Dornus,  the  Latin  name  for  Dorno. 

Dorocina,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorchester  (Oxford). 

Dorogh,  doVog',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  Haiduok 
district,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  8216. 

Dorogh,  doVog',  Kis,  kish,  and  Naoy,  n5dj  ("Little 
and  Great  Dorogh"),  two  adjacent  villages  in  Hungary,  co. 
of  Tolna,  on  the  Sarviz,  which  is  here  navigable,  62  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  of  Kis  Dorogh,  1300;  of  Nagy 
Dorogh,  2579. 

Dorogoboozh,  Dorogoboiy,  Dorogobush,  or 
Dorogobig,  do-ro-go-boozh',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Smolensk,  capital  of  a  circle, 
on  the  Dnieper.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  well  built,  and 
has  numerous  churches,  a  fine  market-place,  a  ruined  cit- 
adel, and  a  bi^sk  general  trade.     Pop.  9099. 

Dorogoi,  Dorohoy,  Dorogoi^,  or  Dorohoiu, 
do-ro-ho'ee,  a  town  of  Roumania,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Yassy. 
Pop.  8364. 

Doron,  do-r6No',  a  small  river  in  Savoy,  which  rises  in 
the  Graian  Alps,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles, 
joins  the  Is^re  on  the  left  at  Moutiers. 

Doros,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Inkerhan. 

Dorosma,  do^rosh'm6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  Little 
Cumania,  6  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  9688. 

Doroszio,  doVos'lo^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bdcs,  8  miles  from  Zombor.     Pop.  2766. 

Dorp,  doRp,  a  thriving  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Wipper, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Cologne.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper, 
steel,  iron-wares,  tobacco,  <fcc.     Pop.  11,380. 

Dorpat,  doR'pit,  or  Derpt,  d^Rpt  (L.  Torpa'tum  and 
Durbe'tum  ;  Russ.  Yurtei;'  or  Yooriev'),  called  also  Ddrpt, 
and  Tartoma,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  on  the  Em- 
bach,  157  miles  N.E.  of  Riga.  Mean  temperature  of  the 
year,  41°.8  Fahr. ;  winter,  30°.l;  summer,  63°.  It  has  a 
very  picturesque  appearance,  is  well  built  and  paved,  and 
comprises  a  town  proper  and  the  suburbs  of  St.  Petersburg 
and  Riga.  Its  old  fortifications  have  been  converted  into 
ornamental  gardens  and  public  walks.  Principal  edifices, 
the  ancient  but  partly  ruined  cathedral,  the  government 
offices,  a  college  founded  in  1589,  a  normal  school,  a  veter- 
inary institution,  numerous  other  schools,  and  a  spacious 
market-house.  Its  celebrated  university,  founded  in  1632 
by  Gustavus  Adolphus  of  Sweden,  and  re-established  by 
Paul  I.,  is  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  learning  in  Russia, 
but  is  essentially  German  in  its  methods  and  spirit.  It 
has  an  extensive  library,  a  museum  of  arts,  an  observatory, . 
and  a  botanic  garden.  It  is  the  chief  school  for  the  Prot- 
estant clergy  in  Russia.  Dorpat  is  an  ancient  city,  and  in 
the  thirteenth  century  was  admitted  among  the  Hanse 
Towns.  It  has  endured  many  sieges,  and  been  alternately 
Russian,  Polish,  Swedish,  and  again  Russian.     Pop.  40,884. 

Dorr,  a  township  of  McHenry  co..  111.  Pop.  2681.  It 
contains  Woodstock,  the  county  seat,  and  other  villages. 

Dorr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dorr 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  2 
saw<-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1594. 

Dor'rance,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Bunker  Hill.  It 
has  several  church  organizations.     Pop.  about  275. 

Dorrance,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Dor- 
rance  township,  about  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  742. 

Dorre  (dorr)  Island,  West  Australia,  is  15  miles  N. 
of  Dirk-Hartog  Island,  and  with  it  bounds  Shark  Bay  on 
the  W.     Lat.  25°  10'  S.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  20  miles. 

Dor'set,  or  Dorsetshire,  dor'set-shjr,  a  county  of 
England,  on  its  S.  coast,  bounded  N.W.  by  the  co.  of  Som- 
erset, N.  by  Wilts,  E.  by  Hants,  W.  by  Devonshire,  and  S. 
by  the  English  Channel.  Area,  980  square  miles.  Surface 
in  the  N.  mostly  level ;  in  the  centre,  traversed  by  chalk 
downs,  on  which  many  sheep  are  pastured ;  in  the  S.,  finely 
diversified  by  hill  and  dale ;  in  the  E.  are  some  wide  heaths. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Ivel,  Piddle,  Stour,  and  Frome.  The 
coast  on  the  S.  presents  the  islands  (so  called)  of  Portland 
and  of  Purbeck,  with  St.  Alban's  Head,  and,  on  the  S.E., 
Poole  harbor.  Portland  and  Purbeck  stone,  marble,  and 
potter's  clay  are  raised  in  large  quantities.  The  county 
forms  an  archdeaconry  of  the  diocese  of  Salisbury.  Capi- 
tal, Dorchester.     Pop.  in  1881,  191,028;  in  1891,  194.487. 

Dor'set,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  about  28  milee 
W.  by  S.  from  Aurora. 


DOR 


1050 


DOU 


Dorset,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  about  2 
miles  S.  of  Dorset  Station,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Jeflferson.  It 
has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Dorset,  a  post-township  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  about 
30  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Bennington.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad.  Quarries  of  marble  have 
been  opened  here.  The  township  contains  villages  named 
Dorset,  North  Dorset,  and  East  Dorset.  Many  of  the  white 
door-steps  of  Philadelphia  came  from  Dorset.     Pop.  1696. 

Dorset,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  6  or  7 
miles  N.  of  Manchester.  It  is  surrounded  by  fine  scenery, 
and  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  marble-works,  a  lumber- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery. 

Dorsetshire,  England.    See  Dorset. 

Dor'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  31  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E. 
of  St.  Louis,  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Alton. 

Dorsey,  a  post- village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  16  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Dorsey,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Neb.,  23  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  O'Neill.     It  has  a  mill,  general  stores,  Ac. 

Dorsey,  a  post- village  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico,  about 
26  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Springer. 

Dorsey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Bryson  City.     It  has  general  stores,  <fcc. 

Dorsey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  York 
township,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glencoe  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dor'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Harmarville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  grain-cradles. 

Dorsten,  doRs't^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  35 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Lippe.     Pop.  3401. 

Dort,  doRt,  or  Dordrecht,  doR'driKt  (L.  Dordra'- 
cMw»),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on  an 
island  in  the  Meuse,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Rotterdam.  Chief 
edifices,  a  fine  town  hall,  a  Gothic  church  with  a  tall  square 
tower,  and  numerous  monuments  and  curious  works  of  art. 
It  has  a  Latin  school,  and  many  public  institutions,  several 
quays  and  canals,  a  good  harbor,  building-docks,  numerous 
saw-mills  moved  by  the  wind,  salt-  and  sugar-refineries, 
linen-bleaching  grounds,  white-lead  and  tobacco  factories, 
and  a  large  trade  in  flax,  corn,  salt  fish,  train-oil,  and  tim- 
ber floated  hither  down  the  Rhino.  Dort  was  the  original 
residence  of  the  Counts  of  Holland,  and  the  place  where,  in 
1572,  the  independence  of  the  United  Provinces  wa«  first 
declared.  The  Synod  of  Dort,  which  anathematized  the  doc- 
trines of  Arminius,  was  held  here  in  1618-19.     Pop.  32,934. 

Dortmund,  doRt'moont  (L.  Dortmun' da  and  Tremo'- 
nia),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Emster,  at  the 
junction  of  numerous  railways,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arns- 
berg.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  mining-board,  and  has  a  Roman 
Catholic  and  Lutheran  churches,  monasteries,  hospitals,  an 
academy,  a  gymnasium,  and  many  coal-mines.  Its  manu- 
factures are  linen,  woollen,  cotton,  railway  machinery  and 
supplies,  metallic  ware,  oils,  porcelain,  stoneware,  beer, 
flour,  tobacco,  nails,  and  cutlery.  Dortmund  early  became 
a  place  of  importance  and  a  free  town,  and  joined  the 
Hanseatic  League.     Pop.  in  1880,  66,544;  in  1890,  89,663. 

Dor'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  80  miles  N.W. 
of  Abingdon,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dorum,  do'r36m,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  44 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  1878. 

Dorvanena,  the  Latin  name  of  Docarnbnbz. 

Dory  Harbor,  in  Papua.    See  Dorey. 

Dorzbach,  doRts'biK,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 
Jaxt,  7  miles  S.  of  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1090. 

Dosa- Jasz,  do'sh6h*-yiss',  a  village  of  Hungary,  36 
miles  E.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Tarna.     Pop.  3037. 

Dos  Hermanas,  doce  ^R-m&'n&s,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  3498. 

Doso'ris,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  small 
island  in  Long  Island  Sound,  IJ  miles  from  Glen  Cove. 

Dossenheim,  dos's^n-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  4 
miles  N.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1728. 

Dossolo,  dos'so-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Viadana,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  3911. 

Do'then,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Dotis,  do'tish\  or  Totis,  to'tish\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Comorn.  It  consists  of  an 
upper  and  a  lower  town,  between  which  are  the  ruins  of  an 
ancient  castle ;  it  has  also  several  churches,  a  synagogue,  a 
Capuchin  monastery,  a  Piarist  college,  gymnasium,  and 
high  school.     Pop.  9855. 

Dot'sonviile,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Dot'ters,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  AUe- 
s-hany  Valley  Railroad,  92  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 


Dottysbar^,  Greene  co.,  Pa.     See  Morrisville. 

Do'tyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis., 
about  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a  hotel,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Douai,  or  Douay,  doo^i'  (L.  Dua'cum;  anc.  J9ua'. 
gium  ?),  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the  Scarpe,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  20  miles  S.  of  Lille.  It  is  well  built,  and  haa 
several  handsome  old  churches,  a  fine  arsenal  and  cannon- 
foundry,  an  artillery  school,  several  hospitals,  a  theatre, 
a  botanic  garden,  university-academy,  and  other  public 
schools,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  court  and  numerous  scien- 
tific institutions.  It  has  a  triple  line  of  fortifications.  It 
has  important  manufactures  of  lace,  gauzes,  cotton  stufifs, 
earthenware,  beet-root  sugar,  glass,  soap,  and  refined  sugar. 
Douai  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  towns  of  France,  and  existed 
in  the  time  of  Julius  Cassar.  It  had  acquired  considerable 
importance  and  was  strongly  fortified  in  the  ninth  century. 
Its  possession  was  afterwards  strongly  contested  by  the 
Flemish  and  French,  by  whom  it  was  repeatedly  taken  and 
retaken.  It  was  secured  to  the  latter  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht. 
Its  celebrated  school  for  the  education  of  Catholic  priests  has 
been  removed  to  Ushaw,  in  England.     Pop.  (1891)  25,560. 

Douany,  Comoro  Islands.     See  Dooany. 

Douarnenez,  doo*aR*n§h-ni'  (L.  Dorvanena),  a  town 
of  France,  Finistere,  on  the  Bay  of  Douarnenez,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Quimper.  It  has  a  sardine-fishery  and  an  active 
coasting-trade.     Pop.  8637. 

Douay,  a  town  of  France.     See  Douai. 

Double  Bayou,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Tex. 

Double  Branches,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga., 
10  miles  S.  of  Lincolnton. 

Double  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Double  Bridges,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Forked  Deer  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Ripley.  It 
has  several  churches  and  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Double  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Colorado  River,  50  miles  above  Austin.    It  has  a  church. 

Double  Pipe  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  51  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Double  Shoal,  a  post-village  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C., 
8  miles  N.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  cotton-factory  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  of  Double  Shoal  township,  1410. 

Double  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Winston 
CO.,  Ala.,  24  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Jasper.  It  has  4 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  150. 

Double  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Oktibbeha  co., 
Miss.,  16  miles  W.  of  Starkville.     It  has  4  churches. 

Double  Wells,  a  post-office  of  .Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 

Doubling  (diib'ling)  Gap  Springs,  a  sanitary  resort 
in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  from  Newville  Station,  and 
30  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.  Some  of  the  springs  have  saline 
sulphur-waters,  and  others  afford  a  carbonated  saline  cha- 
lybeate water,  useful  in  many  chronic  diseases. 

Doubosary,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Doobosart. 

Doubovka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Doobovka. 

Doubs,  doobz  (anc.  Du'bis),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  Jura,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  department  of  Doubs, 
and  joins  the  Sa6ne  at  Verdun-sur-Sa8ne;  it  is  accompanied 
by  the  Canal  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine  from  Vougeaucourt 
to  its  junction  with  the  Sa&ne.     Length,  263  miles. 

Doubs,  a  department  in  the  E.  of  France,  formed  of 

Eart  of  the  province  of  Franche-Comt6.  It  is  situated 
etween  the  departments  of  Haute-Saone,  Jura,  and  Haut- 
Rhin,  and  Switzerland.  Area,  2028  square  miles.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Doubs  and  the  Loue.  The  Canal  of  the  Rhone 
and  Rhine  traverses  the  department  from  S.W.  to  N.E. 
The  surface  is  nearly  covered  with  ramifications  of  the  Jura 
range.  It  has  mines  of  iron,  salt,  and  gypsum,  and  mineral 
springs.  Capital,  Besan^on.  It  is  divided  into  the  4  ar- 
rondissements  of  Baume-les-Dames,  Besanfon,  MontbSliard, 
and  Pontarlier.     Pop.  in  1881,  310,827;  in  1891,  303,081. 

Doubs,  doobz,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Frederick. 

Doubtful  (dSwt'ful)  Island,  an  island  of  the  Paoiflo 
Ocean.     Lat.  (E.  point)  17°  20'  S.;  Ion.  142°  23'  W. 

Doubtful  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  34°  24'  S.;  Ion.  119°  34'  E. 

Doucates,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ducates. 

Douce,  dooce,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  5J 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bray.     Elevation,  2392  feet. 

Doucett's,  Canada.     See  Sainte  Angele  de  Laval. 

Douchy,  doo^she',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  th« 
Selle,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1968. 

Doudeville,  doodVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
InfSrieure,  8  miles  N.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1549. 


IHHJ 


1051 


DOU 


Doud's  (dowdz)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  ifoines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  & 
Des  Moines  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Doudton,  ddwd'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  7  miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  Falmouth.  It  has  several 
general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Dou6,  doo-A',  a  town  of  France,  in  M;iine-et-Loire,  10 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Saumur.  It  has  vast  Kuiuan  ruins  and 
curious  grottos  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  3161. 

Douira,  doo-i'ri,  a  town  of  Algeria,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Algiers.     Pop.  2933. 

Dou'gal,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Catawissa  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Danville,  at  a  junction 
with  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad. 

Dougherty,  dSa'^r-te,  or  dow'^r-te,  a  county  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  312  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
acts.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Brunswick  &  West- 
ern Railroad,  the  Columbus  Southern  Railroad,  the  Savan- 
nah, Florida  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Southwestern 
Railroad.  Capital,  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,517;  in  1880, 
12,622;  in  1890,  12,206. 

Dougherty,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Etowah  River,  6  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Dawsonville. 

Dougherty's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co., 
Gal.,  5  miles  from  Pleasanton  Railroad  Station. 

Doughoregan,  do-hor'e-gan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard 
eo.,  Md.,  5  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Ellicott  City,  the  capital 
of  the  county.     It  has  a  few  stores,  Ac. 

Doughton,  dow'tpn,  a  station  on  the  Youngstown 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Youngs- 
town, 0. ;  also  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  & 
olreat  Western  Railroad. 

Doughty's  Fork  of  Killbuck  Creek,  Ohio,  falls  into 
;he  main  stream  in  Coshocton  co. 

Douglas,  dug'lass,  a  large  town  of  the  Isle  of  Man, 
an  a  fine  bay  on  its  E.  coast,  81  miles  N.W.  of  Liverpool. 
Lat.  54°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  29'  W.  Its  old  streets  are  irregular, 
mt  several  handsome  ones,  with  terraces,  a  crescent,  and 
lumerous  detached  villas,  have  been  built.  It  has  several 
:hurche8,  a  handsome  custom-house,  market-house,  post- 
ofBce,  house  of  industry,  assembly-rooms,  hotels,  libraries, 
iind  baths.  The  harbor  admits  of  vessels  drawing  from  10 
IX)  14  feet  at  high  water.  It  has  daily  steam  communication 
•yith  Liverpool  and  Fleetwood.  Small  vessels  are  also  built, 
iind  the  town  has  some  coasting-trade  and  fisheries.  A  fine 
;iew  pier  was  erected  in  1872.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  deem- 
iiter  court  for  the  island.     Pop.  13,846. 

Douglas,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  9i  miles  by  rail 
l?.S.W.  of  Lanark,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  which  rises 
in  Cairntable  Mountain  and  flows  16  miles  N.E.  through 
Douglas-dale  into  the  Clyde.  The  ruin  of  St.  Bride's  church 
Lb  full  of  family  tombs,  including  the  beautiful  one  of  "  the 
good  Lord  James,"  the  hero  of  Scott's  "  Castle  Dangerous." 
The  remains  of  that  fortress  still  stand,  near  the  seat  of 
Lord  Douglas.     Pop.  1371. 

Douglas,  dug'lass,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part 
of  Colorado,  is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte 
River  and  Plum  Creek.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  partly 
mountainous.  The  eastern  portion  is  a  plain  or  table-land, 
in  which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  The  soil  is  fertile 
when  irrigated.  Cattle  are  the  chief  source  of  revenue. 
Thia  county  is  intersected  by  the  Denver  «fc  Rio  Grande, 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fe  Santa  F6,  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads. 
Capital,  Castle  Rock.  Area,  840  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1388 ;  in  1880,  2486 ;  in  1890,  3006. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia.  Area, 
178  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  The  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad  traverses  the 
N.W.  portion  of  the  county,  passing  through  Douglasville, 
the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  6934;  in    1890,7794. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Bmbarraa  and  Kaskaskia  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  It  contains  extensive  prairies, 
with  groves  distributed  among  the  streams.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Terre  Haute  &  Peoria,  Chicago  A  Eastern 
Illinois,  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Western,  and  Illinois 
Central  Railroads.  Capital,  Tuscola.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,484 : 
m  1880,  15,853 ;  in  1890,  17,669.  »      '       ' 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 


area  of  469  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Kansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Wakarusa  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  the  more  extensive. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable 
beds  of  coal  and  limestone,  and  natural  groves  of  ash,  Cot- 
tonwood, elm,  oak,  walnut,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  Fe  and  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
roads, while  the  Southern  Kansas  Railroad  passes  from  the 
northern  to  the  southern  boundary  of  the  county.  Capital, 
Lawrence.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,692  j  in  1880,  21,700  ;  in  1890, 
23,961. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Long  Prai- 
rie Creek  and  the  Chippewa  River.  The  surface  is  beauti- 
fully diversified  with  small  lakes,  prairies,  and  groves  or 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  The  Great  Northern  Railroad  traverses  the 
county  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  Capital,  Alexandria.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4239;  in  1880,  9130;  in  1890,  14,606. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  792  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Fork  and  Bryant's  Fork  of  White  River.  The  surface  ia 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  pine  and  oak  are  found.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ava. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3915  ;  in  1880,  7753;  in  1890,  14,111. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Platte,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Elkhorn  River  and  Papillon  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  upland  ter- 
races, bottom  lands,  and  rounded  grassy  hills.  The  soil  ia 
deep  and  extremely  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce  here,  but 
carboniferous  limestone,  valuable  for  building,  is  abundant. 
This  county,  the  most  populous  of  the  state,  is  intersected 
by  the  Union  Pacific,  Burlington  A  Missouri  River,  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha,  and  Fremont,  Elk- 
horn  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Omaha.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,982;  in  1880,  37,645;  in  1890,  158,008. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada,  borders 
on  California  and  Lake  Tahoe.  Area,  892  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Carson  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  evergreen  and  co- 
niferous trees.  The  Sierra  Nevada  extends  along  the  west- 
ern border  of  the  county.  The  soil  of  Carson  Valley  pro- 
duces some  wheat,  barley,  and  grass.  Granite  is  abundant 
here,  and  gold  and  silver  have  been  found.  Capital,  Genoa. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1581;  in  1890,  1551. 

Douglas,  a  large  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Oregon, 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  4875  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Umpqua  River  and  its  two 
branches,  called  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in 
the  Cascade  Range.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber. 
The  Umpqua  Mountains  extend  along  the  W.  border  of  the 
county.  "The  long  valley  of  the  Umpqua  River  has  a  fer- 
tile soil.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  and  lumber  are  the  staple 
products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  here.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  runs  from  N.  to  S.,  divides  the 
county  into  two  portions,  and  passes  through  Roseburg,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  9596;  in  1890,  11,864. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Washington, 
bounded  on  the  N.,  W.,  and  S.  by  the  Columbia  River. 
Area,  4552  square  miles.  The  surface  is  somewhat  moun- 
tainous, and  watered  by  numerous  creeks,  streams,  and 
lakes.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road.    Capital,  Waterville.     Pop.  in  1890,  3161. 

Douglas,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Wisconsin, 
borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  1336  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  part  of  Lake  Superior  which 
is  called  Fond  du  Lac,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  river  St. 
Louis.  It  is  drained  by  the  Aminican,  Nemadi,  and  St. 
Croix  Rivers,  which  rise  within  its  limits,  and  by  other 
streams.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  extensive  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
apolis A  Omaha,  Duluth,  South  Shore  A  Atlantic,  and 
Northern  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Superior.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1122;  in  1880,  655;  in  1890,  13,468. 

Douglas,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga.,  abont 
130  miles  W.S. W.  of  Savannah.     It  has  a  church. 


DOU 


1052 


DOU 


DouglaS)  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  11.1.  Pop,  2399. 
It  contains  the  town  of  Oilman. 

Douglas,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Knox  oo.,  111.,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Galesburg.  It  is  at  Summit  Station  on  the  Galesburg  & 
Peoria  Railroad.     Here  is  a  church. 

Douglas,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  HI.,  about  7  miles 
S.  of  Belleville,  and  1  mile  from  Smithton  Post-OfiSce.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  111.,  traversed  by 
he  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad.     Pop.  1437. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  824. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1540. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  96. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  W. 
by  Des  Moines  River.     Pop.  891. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  694. 

Douglas,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  6 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a  church,  steam 
Baw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  hoop-factory,  and  an  egg-case 
fsotorj.     Pop.  about  200. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  972. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  490. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.  P.  656. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  838. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  680. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  386. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  319. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  contains 
Creston  and  Cromwell.     Pop.  586.  exclusive  of  Creston. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  510. 

Douglas,  or  Douglass,  a  post-village  of  Butler  oo., 
Kansas,  on  White  Water  Creek,  about  22  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  W.  of  Eldorado.  It  has  3  grain-elevators,  2  flouring- 
mills,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  &o.     Pop.  737. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.    P.  1283. 

Douglas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  parish,  La.,  27 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Douglas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Douglas  township,  48  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  The 
township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  East  Douglas, 
and  has  4  churches,  woollen-,  saw-,  and  grain-mills,  and  a 
manufactory  of  edge-tools  and  axes.     Pop.  1908. 

Douglas,  a  post- village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  a  fine 
fruit-growing  region  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Kalamazoo  River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Allegan.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices, 
flour-  and  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  baskets  and 
fruit-packages.     Pop.  in  1890,  404. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
968.     It  contains  a  part  of  Stanton,  the  county  seat. 

Douglas,  a  station  in  Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Breckenridge. 

Douglas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Douglas,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  24  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Talmage,  and  23  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
washing-machine  factory,  &c.     Pop.  about  300. 

Douglas,  New  York.    See  Douglas  Citt. 

Douglas,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1143. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Reading.     Pop.  1667. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  764. 

Douglas,  a  station  on  the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  44 
miles  W.  of  Texarkana,  Tex. 

Douglas,  or  Douglass,  a  post-village  of  Nacogdoches 

CO..  Tex.,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Palestine.    It  has  2  churches. 

Douglas,  a  station  in  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Brazos 

Branch  of  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  9 

miles  S.W.  of  Palestine.     Here  is  Prairie  Point  Po.st-Office. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
719.     It  contains  Briggsville  and  Douglas  Centre. 

Douglas,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Brunswick, 
5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Douglas,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bonnechfere  River,  17  miles  W.  of  Renfrew.  It  has 
grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  150.     See  also  Garafraxa. 

Douglas  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marquette  co., 
Wis.,  in  Douglas  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Portage 
City.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Douglas  City,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Trinity  River,  46  miles  W.N.W.  of  Redding,  and  about 
180  miles  N.N.W,  of  Sacramento.  It  has  placer  gold- 
mines.    Pop.  411. 

Douglas  City,  or  Douglas,  a  village  of  Sullivan 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 


at  Basket  Station,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  % 
church,  a  saw-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac.     Here  is  Long  Eddy 
Post-Office. 
Douglas  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Kountze  co.,  Neb, 
Douglas  Island,  in  Alaska,  is  between  Admiralty 
Island  and  the  mainland,    Lat,  58°  15'  N, ;  Ion,  134°  24'  W. 
Douglass.    See  Douglas. 

Douglass  Shed,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  from  Jonesborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  <fcc, 

Douglassville,  dug'lass-vil,  a  post-village  of  Berk? 
CO,,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  near  the  line  between 
Amity  and  Douglas  townships,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  h 
Reading  Railroad,  13^  miles  E.S.E,  of  Reading,  It  has 
several  hotels  and  general  stores, 

Douglaston,  dug'lass-t9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co., 
N.Y,,  4  miles  by  rail  E.of  Flushing,  L,I. 

Douglastown,  diig'lass-town,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  John,  a  noted 
salmon-stream,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Gasp6  Basin.  Its  people  are 
engaged  in  fisheries.  It  has  a  well-sheltered  harbor.  P.  2U0. 
Douglastown,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Miramichi,  3  miles 
above  Chatham.  It  has  large  saw-mills,  an  extensive  lum- 
ber-trade, and  a  large  stone  hospital  for  mariners.  Vessels 
of  the  largest  tonnage  load  here.     Pop.  400. 

Donglasville,  dug'lass-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia 
CO.,  Ala.,  9  miles  from  Brewton  Railway  Station. 

Douglasville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co., 
Ga.,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  cotton -factory,  a 
canning-factory,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  doors, 
and  wood-packing.     Pop.  in  1890,  863. 

Donglasville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Doukovtchina,  Russia.    See  Dookovcheena. 
Douletabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dowletabad. 
Doulevant,  doorvfiu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Marne,  9  miles  S.  of  Vassy.     Pop.  704. 

Doullens,  doori6N>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Authie,  20  miles  N.  of  Amiens.  It  has 
a  citadel,  a  prison,  and  a  theatre,  and  is  the  seat  of  active 
manufactures.     Pop.  3886. 

Doulon,  dooM6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Infl- 
rieure,  on  the  Loire,  3  miles  from  Nantes.     Pop.  1926. 

Doune,  doon,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  beau- 
tifully situated  on  the  Toith,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stir- 
ling. Doune  Castle,  one  of  the  most  majestic  feudal  remains 
in  Britain,  was  built  in  the  fourteenth  century.  Pop.  1262. 
Dour,  dooR,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  9  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Mons.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  extensivt* 
iron-  and  coal-works.     Pop.  8501. 

Dour,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Door. 
Dour,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Door. 
Dourak,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Doorak. 
Dourdan,   doon^diN"'   (L.   Dordon'gum),   a  town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Orge,  35  miles  by  rd.il  S.W. 
of  Paris.     It  has  an  old  castle,  a  handsome  church,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  hosiery  and  woollen  goods.   Pop.  2719. 
Dourga  (doon'gi)  Strait  is  on  the  S.  side  of  Papua, 
near  Torres  Strait.     The  N.W.  entrance  is  about  12  miles 
wide,  the  W.  point  being  in  lat.  7°  27'  S.,  Ion.  138°  46'  E.. 
and  the  E.  point  in  lat.  7°  22'  S.,  Ion.  138°  55'  E. 

Dourgne,  doonfi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  9  mile» 
S.S.W.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1749. 

Dournazac,  dooR^ni^zik',  a  village  of  France,  Haute 
Vienne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Rochechouart.  It  has  important 
iron-foundries.     Pop.  228;  of  commune,  2092. 

Douro,  doo'ro  (Port.  pron.  dfl'ro;  Sp.  Duero,  doo-4'ro; 
anc.  Da'rius),  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  rises  in  the 
province  of  Soria,  in  Spain,  flows  generally  W.  through 
Leon  to  Miranda,  then  turns  S.S.W.,  forming  the  boundary 
between  Spain  and  Portugal,  and,  lastly,  again  W.,  and 
having  divided  the  Portuguese  provinces  of  Tras-os-Monte? 
and  Beira,  and  intersected  the  province  of  Oporto,  enter? 
the  Atlantic  at  Sao  Joao  da  Foz,  3  miles  W.  of  Oporto. 
Total  course  estimated  at  400  miles.  Its  basin,  between 
the  Asturian  Mountains,  N.,  and  the  Sierras  Guadarraraa 
and  Estrella,  S.,  is  the  most  extensive  in  the  Spanish 
Peninsula,  but  its  course  is  chiefly  through  narrow  and 
craggy  valleys.  Chief  tributaries,  the  Pisuerga,  Esla,  Eres- 
ma,  Tormes,  and  Tamega.  Its  course  is  rapid  and  impeded 
by  rocks  but  it  has  been  rendered  navigable  into  Spain. 
Doushak,  a  town  of  Seistan.  See  Jelalabad. 
Dous'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  OB 
Bark  River,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Waukesha,  and  44  mile» 
E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 


DOU 


1053 


DOV 


Doast)  a  river  of  Beloochistan.     See  Doostee. 

Doastre,  doost'r,  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Corrdze, 
flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Dordogne  near  Argentat. 

Douvaine)  dooVSn'  or  dooVain' (L.  i?M»a'nta),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Thonon,  near 
the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1230. 

Douve^  doov,  a  river  of  France,  rises  at  a  place  called 
Fontaine  Douve,  near  the  village  of  Tollevast,  and  falls 
'nto  a  bay  in  the  English  Channel.     Length,  25  miles. 

Douvres,  the  French  name  of  Dovkr. 

Donvres,  or  Douvres-la-D^livrande,  doov'R- 
li-diUeeVr5Nd'  (anc.  Du'bria  Vidticas'aium),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Calvados,  7  miles  N.  of  Caen.     Pop.  1278. 

Douw,  dSvvv  or  dSw,  or  Poolo-Dow,  written  also 
DaW)  Daauw,  or  Dao,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Timor.  Lat.  10°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  122° 
41'  E.  It  is  hardly  more  than  a  barren  rock;  but  so  at- 
tached are  its  inhabitants  to  it  that  they  refused  the  oflfer 
of  transfer  to  Timor.     Pop.  5000. 

DouX)  doo  ("sweet"),  a  river  of  France,  in  ArdSche, 
flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Rhone  near  Tournon. 

Douze^  dooz,  a  river  of  France,  in  Gers  and  Landes, 
joins  the  Midou  at  Mont-de-Marsan,  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  55  miles. 

Dovadola,  do-vi-do'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Terra  del  Sole,  on  the  Montone.     Pop.  2793. 

DoTC)  duv,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  Buxton,  and, 
:ifter  a  S.  course  of  39  miles,  joins  the  Trent  below  Burton. 
[n  the  vicinity  of  Ashbourne  it  winds  through  a  remark- 
Ale  chasm,  2  miles  in  length,  termed  Dovedale. 

DOVO)  duv,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 

Do'ver  (Fr.  Douvres,  doov'R;  anc.  Du'bria),  a  cinque 
port  and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  N.W.  side 
)f  Dover  Strait,  the  terminus  of  two  railways  to  London, 
from  which  it  is  66  miles  E.S.E.  Lat.  of  castle,  51°  7'  8" 
N^.;  Ion.  1°  19'  5"  E.  The  old  town  consists  mostly  of  a 
jollection  of  streets  on  the  N.  side  of  its  harbor,  and  a  long 
street  on  the  banks  of  a  small  stream,  the  whole  enclosed 
ind  backed  by  chalk  downs,  on  which  are  the  castle,  cita- 
iel,  and  several  strong  detached  forts.  W.  the  railway 
snters  the  town  through  a  tunnel  cut  in  the  cliflFs,  which 
biere  abut  into  the  sea.  The  castle  is  a  collection  of  for- 
midable works,  occupying  35  acres;  its  foundation  has 
been  attributed  to  the  Romans,  and  it  contains  Roman  and 
Saxon  towers,  a  spacious  keep  forming  a  bomb-proof  mag- 
iizine,  and  barracks.  In  the  castle  stands  a  church,  built 
daring  the  Roman  period,  and  almost  unchanged,  except 
the  roof.  The  other  principal  edifices  are  a  military  hos- 
pital, the  parish  churches,  a  handsome  chapel  of  ease,  nu- 
merous dissenting  chapels,  a  college,  a  synagogue,  the  town 
hall  and  jail,  the  hospital  Maison-Dieu,  custom-house, 
workhouse,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  museum,  baths,  docks, 
warehouses,  and  numerous  good  hotels.  The  harbor  con- 
sists of  3  basins,  the  outer  one  enclosed  between  2  piers  150 
feet  apart ;  large  sums  have  been  spent  upon  it  in  different 
reigns.  Dover  has  been  made  a  harbor  of  refuge,  by 
throwing  out  jetties  of  great  magnitude,  and  a  granite  pier, 
J  of  a  mile  long,  and  still  unfinished,  into  the  sea.  Dover, 
one  of  the  chief  ports  of  communication  between  England 
and  the  continent,  has  continual  intercourse  by  steamboats 
with  Calais  and  Boulogne.  It  imports  large  quantities  of 
eggs,  fruit,  and  other  produce  from  France,  and  has  a 
thriving  coasting-trade  and  fishery.  Ship-building,  and 
Bail-,  rope-,  and  paper-making,  employ  many  of  the  popu- 
lation. Dover  is  the  principal  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  and 
is  the  seat  of  a  suffragan  bishop.     Pop.  (1891 )  33,418. 

Do'ver,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  is 
about  75  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the 
Illinois  Bayou.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Dover,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Delaware,  and  of 
Kent  CO.,  is  on  Jones  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  48  miles  S.  of  Wilming- 
ton, and  nearly  7  miles  W.  of  Delaware  Bay.  It  contains 
a  State-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  an 
academy,  several  hotels,  2  canning-factories,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  ice,  machinery,  Ac,  water-  and  gas-works, 
and  4  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3061. 

Dover,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  about  32  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Ottawa,  and  2  miles  from  Maiden  Station  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  district  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  220. 

Dover,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  about  36  miles 
N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Dover,  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     See  Webster. 

Dover,  a  hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in  Chickasaw 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad 
(Iowa  &  DakoU  Division),  at  Chickasaw  Station,  12  miles 


E.  of  Charles  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Here  is  Ionia  Post-Office. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1406. 
It  contains  El  Dorado. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  mile* 
N.N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township,  Shawnee  oo., 
Kansas,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Topeka.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.  by  Kansas  River,  and  has  3  churches  and  a 
pop.  (1880)  of  833. 

Dover,  a  post- village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Maysville.  It  has  4  churches, 
academies,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  515. 

Dover,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Piscataquis  River,  in  Dover  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  about  35 
miles  (direct)  and  53  miles  by  railroad  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1942.  The  station  here 
is  called  "  Dover  and  Foxcroft."  On  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river  is  the  village  of  Foxcroft,  which  is  considered  a 
part  of  Dover,  but  has  a  post-office  of  its  own  name. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Dover 
township,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  The  township  has  3  churches,  a  pa- 
per-mill, and  manufactures  of  silo  governors.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  727. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  traversed  by 
the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.    P.  1361.    See  Clayton. 

Dover,  a  hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Dexter  Station.     Here  is  Base  Lake  Post-Office. 

Dover,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.     See  Dovre. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  972.  It 
contains  Dover  Centre. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  30  miles  N.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  3  churches,  3  stores,  and  15  residences. 

Dover,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  in  Dover 
township,  and  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  14  miles  below 
Lexington.  It  has  several  churches,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  &c.  Pop.  320.  The  township  has  7  churches  and  a 
pop.  of  2251.     Hemp  is  one  of  its  staple  products. 

Dover,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb. 

Dover,  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Strafi'ord  co.,  N.H., 
is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Cocheco  River,  at  the  head 
of  navigation,  68  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston,  and  11  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Portsmouth.  Lat.  43°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  54'  W. 
It  is  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with 
Portsmouth  by  the  Portsmouth  &  Dover  Railroad.  The  Dover 
<fc  Winnipiseogee  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Alton 
Bay.  The  site  of  Dover  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  some  of  the 
streets  cross  each  other  obliquely.  It  contains  a  city  hall, 
a  court-house,  the  Dover  Library,  11  churches,  a  high 
school,  an  academy,  3  national  banks,  3  hotels,  3  savings- 
banks,  and  newspaper  offices  which  issue  3  daily,  3  weekly, 
and  2  semi-monthly  papers.  Dover  is  favorably  situated 
for  trade  and  manufactures.  The  river  here  has  a  direct 
fall  of  32  feet,  affording  abundant  water-power.  The  Co- 
checo Manufacturing  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $1,500,000, 
have  here  5  large  cotton-mills  from  5  to  7  stories  high,  and 
employ  about  1200  operatives,  working  2300  looms  and 
95,000  spindles.  The  Cocheco  Print- Works  have  12  print- 
ing-machines, a  capacity  for  printing  40,000,000  yards  a 
year,  and  employ  437  hands.  Dover  has  also  large  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill, 
gas-works,  Ac.  About  12  vessels  are  owned  here.  This  is 
the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  having  been  settled  in  1623. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9294;  in  1880,  11,684;  in  1890,  12,790. 

Dover,  a  post-town  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Rock- 
away  River  and  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  the  Morris  & 
Essex  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown,  and  about  22 
miles  W.  by  S.  from  Paterson.  It  contains  8  churches,  a 
bank,  a  rolling-mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  planing-mill,  a  silk- 
mill,  a  car-factory,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  about  4000. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Barnegat  Bay.  It  contains  Toms  River,  the  county 
seat,  and  Davenport,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  New  Jersey.     Pop.  in  1890,  2880. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  traversed  by 
the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Dover  Plains.     Pop.  in  1890,  1863. 

Dover,  a  post-office  of  Craven  co.,  N.C.,  in  Dover  town- 
.shi|i,  un  the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  24  miles 
W.  of  Newbern,  and  35  miles  E.  of  Qoldsborough.  Pop.  wf 
the  township,  2206. 


DOV 


1054 


DOW 


Dover,  a  township  of  Athens  cc,  0.  Pop.  1697.  It 
contains  Salina,  Chauncey,  and  Millfield. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  Dover 
township,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.  It  has  5  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1445. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  930.  It  con- 
tains Ottokee. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  3515. 
It  contains  Winfield  and  Canal  Dover. 

Dover,  or  New  Dover,  a  village  of  Union  co.,  0.,  in 
Dover  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Delaware.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  stave-factory,  &c.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 929.     Here  is  New  Dover  Post-Of&ce. 

Dover,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Dover  town- 
ship, about  18  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg,  and  8  miles  W.N.W. 
of  York.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  coaches, 
buggies,  and  cigars.     Pop.  465 ;  of  the  township,  2349. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  McCook  co.,  S.D.,  11  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Dover,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  63  miles  (direct) 
W.N.W.  of  Nashville,  and  13  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Erin.  It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper office.  Pop.  500.  The  battle  of  Fort  Donelson  was 
fought  here  in  February,  1862.    Here  is  a  national  cemetery. 

Dover,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  22  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  4  churches,  3  saw-mills, 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  524. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Plains  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dover,  a  post-township  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  924. 
It  contains  Dover  Station  and  Kansasville. 

Dovera,  do-vi'r4,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  2040. 

Dover  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Dover  Plains. 

Dover  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  about 
42  miles  E.  of  Vincennes,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  East  Fork 
of  White  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dover  Mines,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has 
4  churches,  and  coal-mines. 

Dover  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Millerton,  and  17  miles  (direct)  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
cider-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cigars, 
ploughs,  and  a  device  for  watering  stock.     Pop.  662. 

Dover  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Dover  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  and  on  the  Piscataqua 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cocheco,  6  miles  S.  of  the  city 
hall  of  Dover.     Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  bricks. 

Dover  South,  or  Paincourt,  a  post-village  in  Kent 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  W.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  100. 

Dover  South  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co., 
Me.,  5  miles  S.  of  Dover.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dover  Strait.     See  Strait  of  Dover. 

Dove's  (diivz)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Dovesville,  diivz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Darlington  co., 
B.C.,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.,  of  Darlington  Court-House. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  public  school,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  turpentine. 

Dovesville,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  26 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Dovre,  do'vr?,  township,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.     P.  456. 

Dovrefield,  Dovrefjeld,  do'vr§-fe-4ld',  or  Do- 
frines,  do'freen'  (Norw.  Daavrefjeld,  do'vrJ-fySld),  a 
mountain-range  of  Norway,  forming  the  central  part  of  the 
Scandinavian  system,  and  extending  in  an  E.N.E.  direction 
from  the  valley  of  Lessoe,  near  lat.  62°  N.,  where  the  Lang- 
field  range  terminates,  to  the  Syltf  jallet,  lat.  63°  N.,  where 
the  chain  of  Kiolen  begins.  It  is  generally  composed  of 
gneiss  and  micaceous  schist,  and  possesses,  in  the  Skag- 
tols-tind,  which  has  an  altitude  of  8390  feet,  the  highest 
summit  in  the  Scandinavian  peninsula.  This  mountain 
raises  its  gigantic  mass  above  the  lofty  plateau  on  which 
the  chain  rests,  till  its  snowy  heights  are  lost  amcfng  the 
clouds.  Four  passes  lead  across  the  Dovrefield  range.  The 
most  frequented  of  these  is  in  the  line  of  road  which  leads 
from  Christiania  to  Trondhjem,  E.  of  the  Sneehaettan. 
Its  greatest  height  is  4200  feet.  The  name  is  derived  from 
Daavre  (which  see),  and^eW,  or  fjeld,  a  fell  or  mountain- 
ridge. 

Do'vy,  or  Dy'vi,  a  river  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Merioneth 
and  Montgomery,  rises  near  Bala,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Irish  Sea  7  miles  N.  of  Aberystwith.    Length,  30  miles. 


Dowagiac,  do-wa'j§-ak,  a  small  river  of  Michigan, 
rises  in  Cass  and  Van  Buren  cos.,  and  flows  into  the  St. 
Joseph's  River  near  Niles. 

Dowagiac,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Dowagiac  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
105  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  and 
9  or  10  miles  N.W.  of  Cassopolis.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
banks,  a  public  library,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
a  foundry,  2  flour-mills,  a  chair-factory,  a  sand-band  fac- 
tory, steam  saw-mills,  a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of 
stoves  and  grain-drills.     Pop.  2806. 

Dow  City,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Denison.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  public  school,  a  wagon-factory, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  451. 

DoAV'elltown,  a  post- village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn., 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
a  woollen-mill,  <fcc. 

Dowka'ra  (or  Daukara,  dow-ki'rS,)  Lake  (or  Sea), 
a  lake  or  collection  of  lakes  and  swamps  in  the  delta  of 
the  Amoo-Darya.  Area,  400  square  miles.  It  is  fed  and 
drained  by  the  eastern  arm  of  that  river,  and  around  its 
E.  and  N.  sides  there  is  a  navigable  channel,  and  on  its  N. 
shore  there  is  a  range  of  hills  called  Belitao. 

DowMais,a  chapelry  in  Glamorganshire,  South  Wales, 
and  an  important  suburb  of  Merthyr-Tydvil,  containing  ex- 
tensive iron-works.  It  has  fine  public  buildings,  and  two 
stations,  one  on  the  Brecon  &  Merthyr  Railway,  and  the 
other  on  the  branch  line  of  the  London  &  Northwestern. 
Pop.  18,614. 

Dowletabad,  Dowlatabad,  Donletabad,d5w'- 
l9,-t&-b&d',  or  De^oghir'  (the  "fortunate  city"),  an  in- 
land town  and  fortress  of  India,  in  Hyderabad,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Aurungabad,  is  situated  in  lat.  19°  57'  N.,  Ion.  75° 
16'  E.  It  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  fortresses  in  India, 
and  stands  upon  an  isolated  rock,  300  feet  or  more  high, 
and  for  about  one-third  of  its  height  perpendicular  and 
presenting  no  visible  means  of  reaching  the  summit,  which 
is  only  to  be  attained  through  an  excavation  in  the  heart 
of  the  rock.  In  1306  this  fortress  was  taken  from  a  power- 
ful Hindoo  chief  by  the  Emperor  of  Delhi.  Since  then  it 
has  been  captured  several  times :  it  is  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  Nizam  of  Hyderabad.  Near  it  are  the  cave- 
temples  of  Elora. 

Dowletabad,  a  ruined  fort  of  Afghanistan,  on  the 
Furrah-Rood,  140  miles  S.  of  Herat. 

Dow'ling,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  8  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  stoves,  hoops,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  150. 

Down,  or  Downshire,  dCwn'shjr,  a  county  of  Ire- 
land, in  Ulster,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  the  Irish  Sea.  Area, 
967  square  miles.  Carlingford  Bay  separates  it  from  Lein- 
Bter  on  the  S.,  and  the  Newry  Canal  and  Lagan  River  form 
its  boundaries  on  the  W.  The  other  rivers  are  the  Bann 
and  Anna-cloy.  It  contains  Lough  Strangford,  Dundrum 
Bay,  and  the  Mourne  Mountains,  the  highest  of  which, 
Slieve  Donard,  is  2796  feet.  The  surface  is  mostly  moun- 
tainous or  hilly,  but  in  many  parts  is  fertile.  Agriculture 
is  carried  on  with  great  skill  and  success.  Live-stock,  flax, 
and  grain  are  leading  products.  Capital,  Downpatrick 
Pop.  in  1881,  272,107 ;  in  1891,  266,893. 

Down,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Downpatrick. 

Downe,  down,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
bounded  S.W.  by  Delaware  Bay.  Pop.  3385.  It  contains 
Port  Norris,  Newport,  Dividing  Creek,  and  Mauricetown. 

Dow'ner's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co.,  111., 
in  Downer's  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  and  Chicago,  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroads,  22 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of  township,  2518.  It 
contains  villages  named  Hinsdale  and  Clarendon  Hills. 

Dow'ney,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  in  » 
fertile  valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  12  mil» 
S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  grisv 
mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Downey,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in  Spring- 
dale  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dow'neyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  4 
miles  from  Adams  Station.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Downey  ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada,  about 
52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Belmont. 

Down'ham-Mar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Nmj 
folk,  on  the  Ouse,  lOJ  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lynn-Regis, 
town  is  well  built,  and  has  an  antique  church,  a  workhoi 
a  large  bell-foundry,  and  markets.     Pop.  2762. 


1 


DOW 


1055 


DRA 


Downieville,  d5w'ne-vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
{Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  North  Yuba  River,  about  76  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E,  of  Sacramento,  and  34  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Grass  Valley.  It  is  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  the  Downie- 
'ville  Butte,  which  is  8800  feet  high.  It  contains  2  churches, 
;a  bank,  3  hotels,  a  foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Gold 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  704. 

I  Downieville  llutte)  bate,  a  mountain  in  Sierra  co., 
Cal.,  is  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
I  Downieville.  It  is  nearly  8800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
.  Down'ing,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo,,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  406. 
I  Downing,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  32  miles 
I  by  rail  W.  of  Chippewa  Falls,  and  15  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
I  of  Menomonee.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
I  hardware,  lumber,  and  railroad  stock.     Pop.  500. 

Down'ington,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  45 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  7  miles  (direct) 
N.E.  of  Sanilac  Centre.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  flour- 
and  planing-mills.     Pop.  260. 

Downington,  or  Pageville,  a  post-village  of  Meigs 
eo.,  0.,  in  Scipio  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  the  Decamp  Institute.     Pop.  80. 

Down'ingtown,  a  post-borough  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  is 
jdeasantly  situated  in  Chester  Valley,  on  the  east  branch  of 
the  Brandywine  Creek,  32  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Philadelphia, 
i.nd  7  miles  N.W.  of  West  Chester.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
(i  churches,  a  public  high  school,  manufactories  of  paper, 
]taper-mill  machinery,  hosiery,  and  binders'  boards,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  gas-works,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1920. 

Downpat'rick,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  capital 
<f  the  CO.  of  Down,  at  a  railway  junction,  21  miles  S.S.E. 
(f  Belfast.  It  consists  chiefly  of  four  streets,  and  is  divided 
iato  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch  quarters.  The  principal 
(difices  are  a  cathedral,  parish  church,  chapels,  diocesan 
i  jhool,  county  court-house,  prison,  infirmary,  fever  hospital, 
flmshouses,  large  barracks,  and  a  workhouse.  It  has  a 
library,  news-room,  various  schools,  convenient  quays,  man- 
ufactures of  linen,  leather,  soap,  and  breweries.  Near  the 
town  are  the  ruins  of  the  old  cathedral,  a  remarkable  an- 
cient mound,  a  race-course,  and  wells,  resorted  to  by  pil- 
t  rims.  Downpatrick  claims  to  be  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in 
Ireland,  having  been  the  place  of  residence  of  the  ancient 

1  ative  kings  of  Ulster,  and  the  chosen  residence  of  St. 
]*atrick,  who  founded  religious  establishments  here,  and 
presided  over  them  till  his  death,  in  493.     Pop.  3621. 

Downs )  a  portion  of  the  North  Sea,  off  the  S.E.  coast 
cf  England,  co.  of  Kent,  between  the  North  and  South 
]l'oreland,  and  opposite  Ramsgate,  Deal,  <&c.  Here  valu- 
ii.ble  shelter  is  insured  for  shipping  by  the  Goodwin  Sands. 

DownSj  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in  Downs 
township,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  stove-fixtures.    Pop.  of  township,  1330. 

Downs,  a  post-village  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Beloit,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Osborne.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  938. 

Down's  Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  3i 
miles  from  Kenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Downsview,  dSwnz'vu,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  N.W.  of  AVeston.     Pop.  200. 

Downs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Union  parish.  La.,  is  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches  and  the 
Downsville  Institute. 

Downsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Frederick. 

DownsviHe,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Colchester  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware 
River,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Downsville,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Downsville,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,in  Dunn 
township,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Menom- 
onee.    It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pine  timber  abounds  here. 

Down'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the 
Avon,  which  here  divides  into  three  arms,  6  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  long  street,  with  several 
ehanels,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  3654. 

Dows,  dfiwz,  a  post-village  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Clarion.     It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 

2  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  650. 

Dows  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 
Doyle,  doil,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  939, 
exclusive  of  Hopeville. 


Doyle,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1286. 
It  contains  Florence. 

Doyle,  Columbia  co..  Wis.    See  Dotlestown. 

Doylesburg,  doilz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Chambersburg. 

Doyle's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Doylesport,  doilz'pSrt,  a  township  of  Barton  oo.,  Mo., 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nevada.     Pop.  385. 

Doylestown,  doilz'tdwn,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co., 
0.,  in  Chippewa  township,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Akron- 
It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a 
manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowing-machines.  In  this 
vicinity  are  several  coal-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1131. 

Doylestown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  is  situated  on  an  eminence,  33  miles  by  rail  K.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Norristown.  It 
has  a  stone  court-house,  a  national  bank,  a  trust  company, 
a  public  library,  an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  and  8 
churches.  Four  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  (1  of  which 
is  German)  are  published  here.  Doylestown  has  gas-works, 
an  electric-light  company,  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments and  cabinet-ware,  a  tannery,  2  carriage-factories,  a 
foundry,  a  creamery,  and  numerous  other  business  con- 
cerns.    Pop.  in  1880,  2070  ;  in  1890,  2519. 

Doylestown,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in 
Otsego  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Portage  City,  and  73  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Dozier,  do'zh§r,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Draa,  dr&,  Edrha,  MV&',  written  also  Dera  (anc. 
Edreif),  a  town  of  Syria,  a  few  miles  S.E.  of  El  Mezareeb. 
The  ruins  of  the  ancient  city  cover  an  extent  of  about  two 
miles  in  circumference. 

Drabund,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Derabunj>. 

Drac,  dr&k,  a  river  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes  and 
Is&re,  rises  in  the  Alps,  and  joins  the  IsSre  3  miles  below 
Grenoble,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Draceuum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Draguignan. 

Drachenfels,  dr&'Ken-fSls*  ("Dragon's  Rock"),  a 
mountain  of  the  range  of  the  Siebengebirge,  in  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Bonn.  Its  summit,  crowned  by  the  ruins  of  a  castle,  com- 
mands a  noble  prospect. 

Draconarium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dronero. 

Dracut,  dri'kiit,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Lowell.  The  township  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  1 
or  2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1996. 

Drage,  dri'ch^h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  the  forest 
of  Draheim,  flows  S.S.W.,  expanding  into  or  communi- 
cating with  several  small  lakes,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
90  miles,  joins  the  Netze  from  the  right. 

Dragomestre,  dr&^go-mis'tr^  (anc.  Attacus?),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Greece,  in  Acarnania,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Ionian 
Sea,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vonitza.   See  Bay  of  Dragomestre. 

Dragonera,  dr&-go-n&'r&,  a  Spanish  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  W.  end  of  Majorca. 

Dragonera,  a  group  of  Greek  islands  off  the  coast 
of  Acarnania,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dragomestre. 

Dragonera,  a  group  of  islands,  S.  of  the  Morea,  and 
immediately  E.  of  Cerigo. 

Dragonerium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dronbro. 

Dragoni,  drJ,-go'nee  (anc.  Comhultiera),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Capua. 
Pop.  2199. 

Drag'on's  Mouth,  the  passage  between  the  island 
of  Trinidad  and  the  peninsula  of  Paria,  in  Venezuela.  See 
also  Boca  del  Dragon. 

Drag'onville,  a  post-office  of  King  and  Queen  oo.,  Va. 

Dragoon',  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  in  Val- 
ley Brook  township,  on  Draeoon  Creek. 

Dragoon,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  537. 
It  includes  a  part  of  the  city  of  Burlingame. 

Dragoon  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Wabaunsee  co., 
runs  S.E.  through  Osage  co.,  and  enters  the  Osage  Rivee 
about  14  miles  W.  of  Ottawa.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Dragor,  drig'or^,  a  village  of  Denmark,  on  the  Sound, 
at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Amager,  7  miles  8. 
of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1500. 

Dragten,  drio't^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  6320. 

Draguignan,  dr&^gheen^yftMo'  (anc.  Dracenum  t),  • 
town  of  Frapcs,  department  of  Var,  on  a  railway,  40  milw 


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JN.E.  of  Toulon.  It  is  picturesquely  situated,  and  has  a 
communal  college,  a  teachers'  school,  many  public  foun- 
tains, a  botanic  garden,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  can- 
dles, oils,  silk,  copper  goods,  leather,  brandy,  and  broad- 
cloth.    Its  climate  is  remarkably  fine.     Pop.  8029. 

Drah,  dr&,  or  Draha,  dr&'hi,  a  river,  province,  and 
town  of  Morocco.  The  river  rises  in  Tafilet,  E.  of  the  Atlas, 
and  is  lost  in  the  desert  after  a  S.  course  of  250  miles. 

Drahotusch)  dr&'ho-toosh\  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
Boschkan,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1320. 

Drain,  a  post  hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Roseburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Drake,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  the  junction  at  Roodhouse, 
and  115  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington. 

Drake,  a  post-office  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich. 

Drake,  a  post-village  of  Gasconade  oo..  Mo.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Hermann.  It  has  4  churches,  public  schools,  Jbc. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Drakenberg,  mountains  of  Africa.    See  Quathlahba. 

Drake  Point,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Penn  Haven,  Pa. 

Drake's  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  affords 
a  good  anchorage  for  shipping  in  summer. 

Drake's  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  81  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Drake's  Chan'nel,  in  the  British  West  Indies,  is 
immediately  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Tortola. 

Drake's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Ark., 
8  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Drake's  Creek,  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  enters 
the  Big  Barren  River  in  Warren  co. 

Drake's  Island,  in  Plymouth  Sound,  England,  off 
the  town  of  Plymouth,  has  a  fort  and  military  quarters. 

Drake's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Cambridge  township,  2  miles  from  Cambridge  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Drakestown,  draks'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co., 
N.J.,  in  Mount  Olive  and  Washington  townships,  3  miles  E. 
of  Hackettstown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Drakesville,  draks'vil,  a  post-village  of  Davis  co., 
Iowa,  25  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Centreville,  and  5  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  public 
schools,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  and  saw-,  flour-,  and 
carding-mills.     Pop.  303. 

Drakesville,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  li 
miles  from  Drakesville  Station  (seeRosxic)  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mor- 
ristown.     It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  and  a  powder-mill. 

Draketown,  drak'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haralson  co., 
Ga.,  7  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Buchanan.  It  has  an  academy 
and  3  churches  near  it. 

Draketown,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  Confluence  Railroad  Station. 

Draketown  Run  Siding,  a  station  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Connellsville  <fc  Washington  Railroad,  1  mile  N.W. 
of  Confluence,  Pa. 

Drakeville,  Iowa.     See  Dhakesville. 

Drama,  dri'mi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Seres.  A  few  miles  S.E.  is  the  plain  of  Philippi, 
on  which  Brutus  and  Cassius  were  defeated,  B.C.  42. 

Dramanet,  dri^mi^nfit',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Senegal,  kingdom  and  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Galam.     Pop.  4000. 

Dramburg,  dr4m'bo5RG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coslin,  on  the  Drage.  It  is  the 
seat  of  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  5626. 

Dram'en,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa. 

Drammen,  dr4m'm§n,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Drammen,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Chris- 
tiania  Fiord,  33  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Christiania.  It  con- 
sists of  the  two  formerly  separate  villages  of  Bragernaes 
and  Stromsoe,  which  are  united  by  a  bridge  across  the  river. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  college,  various  schools,  distil- 
leries, manufactures  of  carriages,  sail-cloth,  cotton  goods, 
beer,  lumber,  castings,  oil,  rope,  tobacco,  and  earthenwares, 
and  an  active  trade  in  timber,  iron,  pitch,  and  produce.  Pop. 
in  1876,  18,838;  in  1891,  20,684. 

Dranesville,  drainz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co., 
Va.,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  occurred  a  spirited  action,  December  20,  1861,  the 
Federal  troops  gaining  the  advantage. 

Dranse,  drin's^h  or  drftsz,  a  river  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
enters  the  Lake  of  Geneva  2^  miles  N.E.  of  Thonon,  after  a 
N.  course  of  24  miles. 


Dranse,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  joinj 
the  Rhone  near  Martigny,  after  a  N.  course  of  24  miles. 
Dransfeld,  drins'fSlt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover 

7  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  1410.  ' 
Dra'per,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  on  the 

Utah  Southern  Railroad,  and  near  the  Jordan  River,  17 
miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Draper's  Springs,  Tennessee.    See  Bloomington. 

Dra'perstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  27  mile* 
S.E.  by  S.  of  Londonderry,     Pop.  501. 

Dra'per's  Val'ley,  a  post-office  and  valley  of  Pulaski 
CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  E.  of  Max  Meadows  Station. 

Dra'persville,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va. 

Dras,  a  village  of  Ladakh.     See  Ddras. 

Drasenhofen,  dra'z§n-ho'f§n,  or  Trasenhofen, 
tri'z^n-ho^f^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  a  small  stream  of 
the  same  name,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1151. 

Drastow,  the  Bohemian  for  Tau.ss. 

Drau,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Dkave. 

Drausen,  drdw'z^n,  a  small  lake  in  Western  Prussia,  b. 
of  Elbing. 

Drave,  drkv  or  driv  (anc.  Bravus;  Ger.  Drau,  drSw; 
Slavonian,  Drava,  dri'vi),  a  river  of  Europe,  one  of  the 
principal  tributaries  of  the  Danube,  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  about 
17  miles  E.  of  Bruneck,  flows  E.  between  the  basins  of  the 
Mur  and  Save,  at  first  through  Carinthia  and  Styria,  and, 
after  separating  Hungary  from  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  joins 
the  Danube  14  miles  E.  of  Eszek.  Length,  360  miles.  Ita 
chief  affluents  are  the  Mur,  Mohl,  Gurk,  Lavant,  and  Gail. 

Drav'osburg,  or  DraAVs'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church,  2  public  schools,  2  saw-mills,  and  coal-mines. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1089. 

Drav'o's  Tip'ple,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Draw  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  about 
32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dover.     It  has  a  canning-factory. 

Draw  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Drayton,  dr&'t9n,  a  hamlet  of  England,  in  Sussex  co., 
2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Chichester. 

Drayton,  dra'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  20 
miles  E.  of  Americus.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Drayton,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Pembina  co., 
N.D.,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pembina.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  flour-mills. 
Pop.  318. 

Drayton,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  oo.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Guelph.  It  contains  a  newspape? 
office,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Dray'ton-in-Hales,  or  Mar'ket-Drayton  (anc 
Mediolanum?),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the 
Liverpool  A  Birmingham  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  13 
miles  S.  of  Nantwich.     Pop.  4039. 

Drayton  Island,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo.,  Fla., 
on  an  island  in  Lake  George,  100  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 
Here  is  a  winter  resort,  with  a  large  hotel  and  a  steamboat- 
landing  on  St.  John's  River. 

Drayton  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit  &,  Milwaukee  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Detroit,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Pontiac.  It  is  on  Clinton 
River,  and  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  pickle-factory. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Draytonsville,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  S.C.    P.  1864. 

Drebach,  or  Drehbach,  dri'biK,  a  village  of  Saxony, 

8  miles  S.W.  of  Lengefeld.     Pop.  2566. 

Drebkau,  drSp'kSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  50  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.     Pop.  1178. 

Dreg'horn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  2  milei 
S.E.  of  Irvine.     Pop.  821. 

Drehersville,  dreerz'vxl,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkil. 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Railroad  (Little  Schuylkill  Branch), 
1 5  miles  S.  of  Tamaqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Dreieichenhain.    See  Hain-zur-Dreieich. 

Drem,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington,  at  a 
railway  junction,  16i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Edinburgh. 

Drempt,  drfimpt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qel- 
derland,  8  miles  S.  of  Zutphen,  on  the  Old  Yssel. 

Drengfurt,  drSng'fooRt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Veisse,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rastenburg.     Pop.  2695. 

Dren'nen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  17 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Greensburg. 

Drensteinfurt,  drfin'stln-f66rt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Munster.    Pop.  1370. 

Drenthe,  drfin't^h,  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  hav- 
ing E.  Prussia,  N.  and  N.E.  the  province  of  Groningen,  W. 
Friesland,  S.  and  S.W.  Overyssel.    Area,  1869  square  milea 


DRE 


1057 


DRE 


ffhe  surface  is  level,  and  much  of  it  marshy ;  its  E.  frontier 
18  formed  by  the  Bourtanger  Morass.    The  rearing  of  live- 

ttock  is  the  chief  branch  of  rural  industry.     Chief  towns, 
kssen,  Meppel,  and  Coevorden.     Pop.  in  1890,  132,495. 
Drenthe^  dren't^,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich. 
Drepanum^  the  ancient  name  of  Trapani. 
Dres'bach,  a  post- village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Winona.     It  has 
.2  churches,  a  district  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Pop.  in  1890,  526. 

Dresden,  drfiz'd^n  or  drSs'd^n  (L.  Ihe$'da,  or  Dres- 
dena  ?  Fr.  Dresde,  drfizd),  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of  the 
I  kingdom  of  Saxony,  on  both  banks  of  the  Elbe,  here  crossed 
by  several  bridges,   lat.   (Frauenkirche)   51°  3'    18"   N., 
|lon.  13°  44'  47"  E.,  103  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Berlin,  and  230 
i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     It  is  situated  in 
la  picturesque  and  fertile  valley  in  the  Saxon  wine-district, 
land  consists  of  the  Altstadt  (Old  Town),  with  its  suburbs, 
j  Pirna,  See,  and  Wilsdruf,  and  the  adjoining  quarter  of  Frie- 
idrichstadt  on  the  W.,  all  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river;  and 
'  the  Neustadt  (New  Town),  on  the  right  bank.  The  Altstadt 
I  is  composed  of  lofty  houses,  with  streets  narrow,  though 
I  clean.     The  new  town,  including  the   Neustadt,   is  more 
I  openly  built;  the  houses  are  not  so  lofty,  but  are  generally 
i  of  a  pleasing  exterior,  frequently  having  gardens  attached. 
i  Jlean  temperature  of  the  year,  49°.l  Fahr.;  winter,  32°. 7; 
I  summer,  66°.     The  royal  palace  is  a  vast  and  antiquated 
I  building,  containing  a  royal   library,  a   Roman   Catholic 
church  with  a  tower  378   feet  in   height,  and  the  State 
IVeasury,  with  an  immense  collection  of  valuable  gems  and 
I  costly  brio-^-brao,  preserved  in  the  famous  Green  Vault. 
I  j.'ho  far-famed  Dresden  Gallery  of  Paintings  is  considered 
(  the  finest  collection  north  of  the  Alps.     The  Palace  of  the 
j  ]*rinces,  the  Japanese  Palace,  or  Augusteum,  and  the  Zwin- 
j;er,  also  contain  large  collections  of  valuable  works  of  art 
I  i.nd  scientific  treasures,  for  its  wealth  in  which  Dresden 
lias  been  termed  the  "German  Florence."     Other  principal 
j  ('bjects  of  interest  are  the  Briihl  palace,  many  splendid 
I  ( hurohes  and  residences  of  noblemen,  rich  in  works  of  art, 
i.n  opera-house,  the  numerous  public  monuments  and  statues, 
I  the  zoological  garden,  a  theatre,  the  residence  of  the  com- 
laandant,  the  mint,  arsenal,  hall  for  the  annual  exhibition 
I.nd  sale  of  works  by  Saxon  artists,  an  academy  of  arts, 
I  '-arious  colleges,  schools,  and  asylums,  the  house  of  assem- 
I  li!y,  royal  guard-house,  post-office,  trades'  and  city  halls, 
I  und  excellent  public  baths.     Dresden  has  manufactures  of 
I  I  ilk  and  woollen   stuflFs,   leather,  carpets,  gloves,  jewelry, 
musical  and  scientific  instruments,  artificial  flowers,  chemi- 
(sal  products,  a  bomb-  and  cannon-foundry,  a  sugar-refinery, 
and  a  wool-market,  and  it  is  the  resort  of  numerous  artists. 
[ts  trade  is  in  part  carried  on  upon  the  Elbe  by  means  of 
iiteamers.     Several  lines  of  railway  meet  at  Dresden.     The 
'rity  is  well  supplied  with  beautiful  and  elegantly  laid-out 
walks.     After  the  Continental  War,  the  whole  of  the  forti- 
ications  were  thrown  down,  and  their  site  converted  into 
ijardens  and  promenades;  besides  which  the  Briihl  Terrace, 
in  front  of  the  Briihl  palace,  overlooking  the  Elbe,  the 
Sreat  Garden  in  Pirna  suburb,  5  miles  in  circumference, 
and  adjoining  it  the  nursery  of  fruit  trees,  the  gardens  of 
the  Japanese  palace,  the  gardens  of  the  Marcolinian  palace, 
the  botanic  gardens,  and  Prince  Maximilian's  garden,  are 
all  pleasant  and  favorite  places  of  public  resort.     Perhaps 
no  town  in  the  world  has  so  many  large  and  valuable  collec- 
tions of  paintings,  statuary,  gems,  arms,  porcelain,  jewels, 
and  other  objects  of  vertu;  and  it  is  these  collections  which 
give  the  town  its  chief  attraction.     It  is  the  seat  of  im- 
portant educational  institutions.     Dresden   appears  origi- 
nally to  have  been  a  village  of  Wendish  fishermen  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  where  the  present  Neustadt  is  situ- 
ated.    In  the  eleventh  century  the  present  town  was  built 
on  the  left  bank,  where  the  Altstadt  now  stands.    In  1510  it 
was  fortified ;  and  in  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, under  Augustus  I.  and  II.,  it  attained  great  splendor. 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  the  theatre  of  important  histori- 
cal events.     Pop.  in  1885,  246,086 ;  in  1890,  276,085. 

Dresden,  one  of  the  four  provinces  of  the  kingdom  of 
Saxony,  bounded  N.  by  Prussia,  E.  by  the  circle  of  Baut- 
zen, S.E.  and  S.  by  Bohemia,  and  W.  by  the  circles  of 
Zwickau  and  Leipsic.  Area,  1672  square  miles.  It  wholly 
belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Elbe,  which  traverses  it  from 
S.E.  to  N.W.,  and  towards  both  banks  of  which  the  surface 
slopes  down  into  tolerably  level  tracts  of  great  fertility.  In 
other  parts  it  is  very  mountainous.  Pop.  in  1890,  950,454. 
Dresden,  drez'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ind., 
in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad.  It  has  a  church. 
Dresden,  a  township  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa.     P.  824. 


Dresden  (Deep  River  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Powe- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  in  Deep  River  township,  about  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Marengo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dresden,  a  post-township  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ken- 
nebec River.  It  contains  Dresdein  Mills,  a  hamlet,  aJso  3 
churches.     Pop.  990. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  pottery,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  348. 

Dresden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pkiver,  about  6  miles  above  Nebraska  City,  and  3  miles 
from  Percival  Station,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  val- 
uable stone-quarry. 

Dresden,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Champlain.  Pop.  800.  It  contains  Dresden  Centre  and 
Dresden  Station. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  in  Torrey  township,  Yates  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse,  Geneva  &  Corning  Railroad,  and  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  6  miles  E.  of  Penn  Yan,  and 
14  miles  S.  of  Geneva.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
barrel-factory,  and  a  steamboat-landing.     Pop.  nearly  400. 

Dresden,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Muskingum  River,  and  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railway,  14  miles  N. 
of  Zanesville,  and  53  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 
The  Cleveland  &  Canton  Railroad  also  runs  through  the 
village.  Dresden  has  7  churches,  graded  public  schools,  a 
bank,  2  woollen-mills,  a  hosiery-mill,  2  flour-mills,  clay- 
and  tile-works,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Ohio  Canal  by  a  branch  or  side-out,  2  miles  long, 
and  is  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on  the  river.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1204;  in  1890,  1247. 

Dresden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
134  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nashville,  and  22  miles  S.E.  of 
Union  City.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  stove-fac- 
tory, a  spoke-factory,  a  cotton-gin,  a  steam  grist-mill,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  420. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Corsicana.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Sydenham,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Thamesville.  It 
contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  several  factories  and  stores, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  produce.     Pop.  1000. 

Dresden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  about  75  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Dresden  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dresden  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  16  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It  is  on  Eastern 
River,  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Dresden  Station,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Whitehall. 

Dresh'er,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Breinigs- 
ville  Branch  of  the  Catasauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  3 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Breinigsville. 

Dres'selville,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Dres'serviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Sempronius  township.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Dreuinei,  droi'mel,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  17  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  2070. 

Dreux,  drub  (anc.  Durocas'ses,  afterwards  Bro'cm),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  on  the  Blaise,  21  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Chartres.  It  is  regularly  and  well  built,  and  has 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  a  well-endowed  asylum, 
public  baths,  a  theatre,  and  a  pleasant  walk  along  the  river, 
with  manufactures  of  serge,  hosiery,  silks,  jewelry,  hats, 
and  leather.     Pop.  6666. 

Drew,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  802  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bayou 
Bartholomew,  and  also  drained  by  Saline  River,  which  flows 
along  its  western  border.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  ash,  and  other 
trees;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Monticello,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 9960 ; 
in  1880,  12,231;  in  1890,  17,352. 

Drew,  a  plantation  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.     Pop.  85. 

Drewenz,  dr^'vSnts,  a  river  and  lake  of  Prussia;  the 
lake,  in  the  circle  of  and  close  to  Osterode,  is  7  miles  in 
length  from  E.  to  W.,  and  traversed  by  the  river,  whiob, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles,  past  Neumark,  Strasburg, 
and  Dobrzyn,  joins  the  Vistula  3  miles  E.  of  Thorn. 

Drew'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 
I      Drew'ry's  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chester- 


DRE 


1058 


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field  CO,  Va.,  on  the  James  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  <fc 
Petersburg  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Richmond.  It  was  a 
Confederate  stronghold  in  the  civil  war. 

Drew'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co.,  Va., 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Newsom's  Depot. 

Drew's  Mills,  or  Bald'win's  Mills,  a  post-village 
In  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Coaticook  River,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Coaticook.    P.  300. 

Drew's  Valley,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Drews'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Walpole  township,  2  miles  from  Cold  River  Station,  and 
14  or  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  picture-frames,  sash,  blinds,  &c. 

Driburg,dree'b55RG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
12  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brakel,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain 
surmounted  by  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  castle  of  Iburg.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  glass  and 
fire-arms,  and  mineral  baths.     Pop.  2249. 

Driebergen,  dree'b5RQ-§n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 6  miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2016. 

Driedorf,  dree'doRf,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  638. 

Driel,  dreel,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qelder- 
land,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Bommel.     Pop.  3432. 

Driesen,  dree'z§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
64  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Frankfort,  on  an  island  formed  by 
the  Netze.  It  has  large  market-places,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  leather.     Pop.  4255. 

Drietoma,  dree-to'mi,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Hither 
Danube,  co.  and  6  miles  from  Trentschin.     Pop.  1719. 

Driffield,  or  Great  Driffield,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  East  Riding,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Hull. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  workhouse,  branch  banks,  and 
large  markets  for  corn;  also  bone-mills,  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  carpets,  cotton,  and  chemicals.  Pop.  8364 ; 
of  Little  Driffield,  a  neighboring  hamlet,  202. 

Drif'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefferson  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Monticello  Branch,  27  miles  E.  of  Talla- 
hassee.    Here  are  2  stores. 

Drifton,  a  mining  village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on 
branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna 
Railroads,  1  mile  N.  of  Jeddo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  coal- 
mine. Drifton  Junction  is  on  the  last-named  road,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Drifton  Branch,  11  miles  E.  of  Drifton. 

Drift'wood,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
922.     Post-office,  Vallonia. 

DriftAVOOd,  a  post- village  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on 
Sinnemahoning  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie 
Railroad,  55  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  is  the  east 
terminus  of  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Driftwood  Creek,  a  branch  of  Sinnemahoning  Creek, 
rises  in  the  N.N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania. 

Driftwood  Fork,  Indiana,  a  name  given  to  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River  in  some  part  of  its  course.  The  term 
appears  to  bo  applied  to  that  part  which  runs  through 
Bartholomew  and  Jackson  cos.  The  upper  portion  of  the 
stream  is  called  the  Big  Blue  River. 

Drilo,  or  Drilon.     See  Drin. 

Drin,  dreen  (anc.  Dri'nm),  a  river  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia, 
rises  in  the  Dinario  Alps,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  180 
miles,  joins  the  Save  63  miles  W.  of  Belgrade. 

Drin  (anc.  Dri'lo  or  Dri'lon,  and  Drinus  ?),  a  river  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Black  Drin  and  White  Drin,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pris- 
rend,  whence  it  has  a  generally  W.  course  of  110  miles,  and 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Drin  (Adriatic)  5  miles  below  Alessio. 

Drink'er,  a  post-office  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa. 

Drios,  dree'oce,  a  district  or  settlement  of  British  Gui- 
ana, on  the  Upper  Corentyn.    Lat.  2°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  28'  W. 

Drip'ping  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
8  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Columbia,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Dripping  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Hays  co.,  Tex., 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Drissa,  drees'si,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Vitebsk,  on  the 
Diina,  48  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Diinaburg.     Pop.  3181. 

Dristra,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Silistria. 

Drobak,  dro'bik,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on  the  E. 
Bide  of  Christiania  Fiord,  18  miles  S.  of  Christiania.  It  has 
trade  in  timber.     Pop.  1637. 

Drocce,  an  ancient  name  of  Drecx. 

Drogheda,  drflh'n^-da,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  cos.  of 
Meath  and  Louth,  on  both  sides  of  the  Boyne,  4  miles  from 


its  mouth,  and  31i  miles  N.  of  Dublin,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion. It  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls,  some  remains  of 
which  still  exist.  It  has  2  churches,  a  chapel  of  ease,  a 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  numerous  monasteries  and  nun- 
neries, an  endowed  classical  school,  a  blue-coat  school,  an 
infirmary,  a  mendicity-house,  an  institution  for  Protestant 
clergymen's  widows,  an  almshouse,  fine  town  house,  man- 
sion-house, jail,  barracks,  workhouse,  custom-house,  linen- 
hall,  and  market.  Linen-  and  cotton-spinning  are  car- 
ried on  in  Drogheda  or  its  immediate  vicinity  to  a  very 
considerable  extent,  there  being  several  large  mills  on  the 
banks  of  the  Boyne.  There  are  also  an  extensive  foundry 
and  steam-engine  factory,  a  cotton-mill,  2  breweries,  a  num- 
ber of  tanneries,  several  soap-works,  and  a  small  ship-build- 
ing yard.  Drogheda  carries  on  likewise  a  large  export 
trade  by  means  of  steamers.  The  harbor  of  Drogheda  is 
formed  by  the  waters  of  the  Boyne,  4  miles  from  the  sea, 
and  extends  about  half  a  mile  below  the  bridge,  with  16  to 
18  feet  of  water  abreast  the  quays.  At  the  entrance  of  the 
harbor  are  3  light-houses.  The  harbor  has  been  much  im- 
proved of  late. 

Drogheda  was  a  principal  rendezvous  for  the  forces  which 
were  so  frequently  required  in  Ulster  between  the  four- 
teenth and  seventeenth  centuries.  In  1649  it  was  stormed 
by  Cromwell  and  its  garrison  put  to  the  sword,  and  in 
1690  it  resisted  the  attack  of  a  division  of  King  William's 
army.  Within  two  miles  of  its  walls  was  fought  the  famous 
"Battle  of  the  Boyne."  Drogheda  was  also  the  seat  of 
many  Irish  parliaments  at  various  periods,  particularly 
during  the  fifteenth  century.  Among  the  remarkable 
architectural  antiquities  with  which  this  ancient  town  and 
its  vicinity  abound  are  Magdalen's  Steeple  and  Lawrence 
Gate.  Pop.  in  1871,  13,510;  in  1881,  12,297;  in  1891, 
11,812;  of  the  parliamentary  borough  in  1891,  14,865. 

Drohitsin,  Drohiczyn,  or  Drogitsin,  dro-nit'shin, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Grodno,  55  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bialystok,  on  the  Bug.  It  is  the  most  ancient  town  of 
Podlachia,  and  has  several  churches,  convents,  and  schools. 
Pop.  1110. 

Drohitsin,  or  Droghit'shin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Grodno,  25  miles  E.  of  Kobrin. 

Drohobicz,  dro'ho-bitch\  or  Dro'hovisch^  written 
also  Drohobicc,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Sambor.  It  has  numerous  churches  (one  of 
which  is  the  finest  specimen  of  ancient  architecture  in  Ga- 
licia), a  synagogue,  several  schools,  and  important  cattle- 
and  corn-markets.  Near  it  are  pitch-wells,  iron-mines,  and 
salt-works.     Pop.  16,884. 

Droitwich,  droit'itch  {&nc.  SaU'nsef),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Worcester,  at  a  railway 
junction.  It  has  several  churches,  a  well-endowed  poor's 
hospital  and  other  charities,  and  a  workhouse.  In  the 
centre  of  the  town  are  brine  springs,  wrought  from  the  time 
of  the  ancient  Britons,  and  which  at  present  yield  annually 
110,000  tons  of  salt.     Pop.  3504. 

Drolshagen,  drols'h3,*gh?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Westphalia,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  599. 

Dromagn,  drom'8,H\  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Cork,  5J  miles  S.W.  of  Kanturk.     It  has  collieries. 

Drome,  drom  (anc.  Dru'na),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  Hautes-Alpes,  flows  W.  through  DrOme,  and  joins  the 
Rhone  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valence.     Length,  60  miles. 

Dronte,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  enclosed 
by  the  Alpine  departments  of  Isere,  Vaucluse,  Hautes- 
Alpes,  and  Basses-Alpes,  and  by  the  Rhone,  which  river 
separates  it  on  the  W.  from  ArdSche.  Area,  2508  square 
miles.  Chief  rivers,  the  Rhone,  Isere,  and  Dr&me.  Sur- 
face, mountainous  in  the  E.  and  level  in  the  W.  Soil  gen- 
erally fertile.  Silk  and  wine  are  important  products.  The 
mineral  products  consist  of  coal,  iron,  copper,  lead,  marble, 
and  granite.  Dr6me  is  divided  into  the  4  arrondissements 
of  Valence  (the  capital).  Crest,  Die,  and  Montfilimart.  Pop. 
in  1881,  313,763;  in  1891,  306,419. 

Droraersheim,  dro'm§rs-hime*,  a  town  of  Hesse,  it 
Rhein-Hessen,  near  Bingen.    Pop.  1032. 

Dromore,  dro'more,  an  episcopal  city  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Down,  on  the  Lagan,  14}  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Belfast, 
on  the  road  from  Dublin.  In  its  cathedral  lie  the  remains 
of  Jeremy  Taylor  and  other  bishops,  and  it  has  an  episcopal 
residence  and  various  antiquities.     Pop.  2408. 

Dronero,  dro-ni'ro  (anc.  Dracona' rium  or  Dragone'- 
ritim?),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Coni,  picturesquely  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Rocca- 
bruna  with  the  Maira.  It  has  a  Benedictine  monastery,  a 
college  with  about  200  students,  and  a  hospital  ere«;ted  on 
the  site  of  the  old  castle  of  Dronero.     Pop.  7614. 

Dronfield,  dron'feeld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby. 


4  II  in  1 


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1059 


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9  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  a  beautiful 
anoient  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  Beauchief  Abbey, 
in  ruins,  founded  in  1163.     Pop.  2475. 

Dronne^  dronn,  a  river  of  France,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  90  miles  unites  with  the  Isle  near  Coutras. 

Dronryp,  dron-ripe',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  6  miles  W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1650. 

Drontheim,  Norway.     See  Trondhjem. 

Drooya,  or  Driya,  droo'yd,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Vilna,  on  the  Diina,  16  miles  W.  of  Drissa.    P.  3877. 

Drosan,  dro'zow,  Drosciiau,  dro'show,  or  Stra- 
CZOW)  stri'chov,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Klattau.     Pop.  1760. 

Drosendorf,  dro'z§n-doRr,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
32  miles  N.  of  Krems.     Pop.  833. 

Drossen,  dros's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  It  has  several 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linen  fabrics, 
and  leather.     Pop.  5167. 

Drotingholm,  drot'ing-hoIm\  or  Drottningholm, 
drot'ning-holm\  a  royal  castle  of  Sweden,  6  miles  W.  of 
Stockholm,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Maelar.  Its  parks 
are  much  resorted  to  by  the  inhabitants  of  Stockholm. 

Drowned  (drSwnd)  Lands,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ellenville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Drown'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  R.I.,  on 
Narragansett  Bay,  7  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Providence. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  oyster-trade.     Pop.  97. 

Droyls'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  6768. 

Droyssig,  drois'sio,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Weissenfels.     Pop.  1462. 

Druecker,  drllK'er,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee  co.. 
Wis.,  3  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Port  Washington,  and  28  miles 
N.  of  Milwaukee.    It  has  cement-works  and  general  stores. 

Drnent,  droo-fint'  or  droo-fiw',  or  Druento,  droo-Sn'- 
to  (L.  Bruen'tum),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2436. 

Druentia,  the  Latin  name  of  Durance. 

Dru'idville,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  at  Wood- 
berry  Railroad  Station,  near  Druid  Hill  Park,  about  3  miles 
from  Baltimore.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  duck  for  awn- 
ings, and  about  50  houses.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Woodberry. 

Driya,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Drooya. 

Drum'bo,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stratford.  It 
contains  4  stores,  several  churches  and  hotels,  a  foundry, 
and  some  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  600. 

Drum  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Drum'clog',  a  hill  in  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  and  the 
site  of  a  battle  between  the  Cameronians  and  the  royal 
troops,  1679,  in  which  the  former  were  victorious. 

Drumcon'dra,  or  Drumcon'ra,  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  and  2  miles  N.  of  Dublin. 

Drumcor'ee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath. 

Drum  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  702.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence 
4  Galveston  Railroad. 

Drumkee'ran,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Leitrim.   P.  469. 

Drumlan'rig  Castle,  a  residence  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch,  in  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  3  miles  N.W.  of 
Thornhill.     It  has  magnificent  gardens. 

Drummond,  Macoupin  co..  111.    See  Mount  Olive. 

Drnm'mond,  a  county  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
in  the  interior.  Area,  622  square  miles.  The  St.  Francis 
River  passes  through  this  county.  Chief  town,  Drummond- 
ville  East.     Pop.  14,281. 

Drommond  Grove,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111. 
Pop.  568. 

pram'mond  Island,  belonging  to  Chippewa  co., 
Mich.,  is  the  farthest  west  of  the  Manitoulin  Islands,  in 
Lake  Huron,  30  miles  E.  of  Mackinaw  City.  It  is  20  miles 
in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  by  10  miles  in  its  greatet-t  breadth. 

Drummond  Islet,  a  small  island  of  the  China  Sea,  in 
the  Paracels  group,  220  miles  S.E.  of  Hainan. 

Drummond  Lake,  Virginia,  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
Dismal  Swamp,  partly  in  Nansemond  co.  and  partly  in 
Norfolk.     It  is  about  6  miles  in  diameter. 

Prnmmondtown,  Va.     See  Accomack  Coort-House. 

Drum'mondville  East,  the  chief  town  of  Drum- 
mond  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  on  a 
railway,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  has  2  hotels  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Drummondville  West,  a  post-village  in  Welland 
00.,  Ontario,  on  Niagara  River,  near  the  Falls,  48  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  and  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Buffalo.     It 


has  churches  of  four  denominations,  2  observatories,  a  doie% 
stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Drammossie  Moor,  Scotland.     See  Cclloden. 

Dru^more',  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River.  Pop.  3061.  It  contains  Chestnut 
Level,  Buck,  Mechanic's  Grove,  Liberty  Square,  Ac. 

Drum^quin',  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Tyrone,  7i  miles  W.  of  Omagh.     Pop.  452. 

Drum's,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Hazleton.     It  has  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  25  houses. 

Drnmsham'bo,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4^  miles 
N.  of  Leitrim,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lough  Allen.    P.  694. 

Drums'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  on  the 
Shannon,  and  on  a  railway,  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carrick. 

Drum  Faliey,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Druna,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  DRduE. 

Drunen,  drii'n^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  7  miles  W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1874. 

Dru'ry,  a  post-township  of  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  It  is 
about  3  miles  from  Muscatine,  Iowa.     Pop.  1331. 

Drusenheim,  droo'z^n-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  drii*zin'6m'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Moder  and  th6 
Rhine,  17  miles  S.  of  Weissenburg.     Pop.  1642. 

Druses,  droo'ziz,  a  people  who  inhabit  the  ohain  of 
Lebanon,  in  Syria,  but  chiefly  the  S.  part,  E.  and  S.E.  of 
Beyroot,  and  about  the  sources  of  the  Jordan.  They  are 
found  also  in  the  Haooran.  They  are  remarkable  for  patient 
and  persevering  industry,  hospitality,  valor,  and  love  of 
country,  with  extreme  pride  of  birth.  Their  religious  rites 
are  but  little  known,  but  they  have  a  priesthood,  and  abhor 
all  religions  except  their  own.  They  neither  fast  nor  pray, 
but  they  believe  in  the  transmigration  of  souls.  Their  lan- 
guage is  Arabic.  The  capitals  of  the  Druses  are  Deir-el- 
Kamer  and  Kunawat. 

Drushkopol,  droosh-ko'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Vol- 
hynia,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  1080. 

Drusi  Burgum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Doesbcrg. 

Druten,  drii'ten,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  on  the  Waal,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nymwegen,  with 
a  castle  and  4366  inhabitants. 

Dry  Auglaize  River,  Missouri.     See  Auglaize. 

Dry  Bank,  an  islet  on  Florida  Reef,  near  Sombrero  Key. 

Dry  Bone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  13  miles 
S.  of  Avoca  Station.     It  has  a  lead-mine. 

Dry  Brancli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  eo..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  <fc  San  Francisco  Railroad,  60  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Dry  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

Dry  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Johna* 
ton  township.     Pop.  135. 

Dry'burgh,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va. 

Dryburgti  Aboey,  dri'bQr-riih  ab'bee  or  dri'btirg  ab'- 
bee,  a  beautiful  ruin  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the 
Tweed,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Melrose.  The  ruin  forms  a  fitting 
cemetery  for  the  great  bard  of  romance,  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
whose  remains  were  interred  here  in  1832. 

Dry  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Scottsborough. 

Dry  Creek,  California,  drains  part  of  Amador  co., 
runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  forms  part  of  the  southern 
boundary  of  Sacramento  co.,  and  enters  the  Mokelumne 
River  about  20  miles  N.  of  Stockton. 

Dry  Creek,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     P.  963. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu  parish,  La.,  30 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Lake  Charles. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo.,  Mo.,  It 
miles  S.  of  Steelville. 

Dry  Creek,  a  township  of  Howell  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  1482. 

Dry  Creek,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.     Pop.  910. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Sulphur  Springs. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo.,  B.C.,  8 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lanca:«ter  Court-Honse. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Dry'den,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Dry- 
den  township,  27  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Pontiao,  and  19 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  fruit-evaporators,  a 
foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Fop.  322;  of  township,  1378. 

Dryden,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles  S. 
of  Glenooe,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Peter.  The 
township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  656. 

Dryden,  a  post- village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.T.,  in  Dry- 
den township,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  30 
miles  N.  of  Owcgo,  and  11  or  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  2  ohnrohes,  a  graded  sohool,  a  tannery,  a  woollen- 


DRY 


1060 


DUB 


mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  672.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  and 
contains  villages  named  Etna  and  Freeville.     Pop.  4558. 

Dry  Fork,  Missouri,  rises  in  Dent  oo.,  runs  northward 
through  Phelps  co.,  and  enters  the  Maramec  River  about  14 
miles  E.  by  N.  from  Holla. 

Dry  Fork  of  Cheat  River,  W.  Va.,  runs  N.E.  through 
Randolph  co.,  and  enters'the  Cheat  River  in  Tucker  co. 

Dry  Fork  J  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark. 

Dry  Fork)  a  post-office  of  Barren  co.,  Ky. 

Dry  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co,  Va. 

Dry  Fork  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  lOi  miles  N.  of 
Danville. 

Dry  Glaize,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co..  Mo. 

Dry  Grove,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  traversed 
by  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &,  Western  Railroad. 
Pop.  1267. 

Dry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Terry.  It  has  a  church  and  an  Episcopal  theological 
seminary  called  Bishop  Green  Associate  Mission. 

Dry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Dry  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  111.,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Ava. 

Dry  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Ripley.     It  has  an  academy. 

Dry  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa. 

Drymen,  drim'en,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
»nd  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  1405. 

Dry  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Me.,  in 
Gray  township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Gray  Station.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Dryon  Islands.    See  Durian  Islands. 

Dry  Point,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  111.    Pop.  1671. 

Dry  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  31i  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  free  school,  amd  5  tobacco 
warehouses.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dry  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  at  Kinkaid 
Station,  5  miles  N.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dry  Run,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss. 

Dry  Run,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  about  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Dry  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dry  Savr  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Dry's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 

Dry  Tortugas,  tor-too'gas,  a  group  of  islets  or  keys, 
belonging  to  Monroe  co.,  Fla.,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  120  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
mainland  of  Florida;  about  lat.  24°  37'  N.  and  Ion.  83°  W. 
They  are  10  in  number,  very  low,  and  partly  covered  with 
mangrove-bushes.    See  Fort  Jefferson. 

Dry  Town,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  about 
40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wine.     Pop.  of  the  township,  853. 

Dry  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Dry  Valley  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Union 
00.,  Pa.,  5  miles  from  Lewisburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Dry'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Lyons,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  church. 

Drywood,  a  village  of  Kansas.    See  Farlington. 

Dry'wood,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Post- 
office  and  railroad  station,  Godfrey.     Pop.  1583. 

Drywood,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Nevada.     Pop.  of  township,  475. 

Dry  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis. 

Dry'wood  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Barton  oo.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Marmiton  River  in  Vernon  co. 
The  Big  Drywood  Creek  is  a  few  miles  W.  of  that  just  de- 
scribed. It  drains  part  of  Barton  co.,  runs  northward,  and 
enter  the  Marmiton  about  9  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Drzewica,  dzhi-veet'si,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  29  miles  W.  of  Radom.     Pop.  800. 

Dsanbo,  a  river  of  Thibet.     See  San-Poo. 

DschurdschOAva,  a  town  of  Wallachia.  See  Giurgevo. 

Dshizak,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Jeezak. 

Dsjaloschizy,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Dzialoszice. 

Duacum  and  Duagium.    See  Douai. 

Duane,  du-in',  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
16  miles  S.  of  Malone.     It  has  mines  of  iron.     Pop.  289. 

Duanesburg,  du-anz'burg,  a  small  post-village  of 
Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Duanesburg  township,  on  Nor- 
manskill  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Albany  &  Susque- 
hanna Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  2930. 


Duars,  a  region  of  India.    See  Eastern  Dwars. 

Du^art',  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  14  milei 
S.  by  E.  of  Bothwell.     Pop.  200. 

Duault,  dti^o',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  C6te«. 
du-Nord,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  2805. 

Dubari,  doo-bi'ree,  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district 
Pop.  5014. 

Dubboi,  towns  of  India.     See  Dhubboree  and  Debaee. 

Diiben,  dii'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  th« 
Mulde,  18  miles  W,  of  Torgau.     Pop.  3683. 

Dubenetz,  doo'b^n-its^  a  village  of  Bohemia,  6  miles 
from  Jaromeritz.     Pop.  1538. 

Dubenka,  doo-ben'ki,  or  Dubienka,  doob-ySn'ki, 
a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  of  Lublin,  on  the  Bug, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Chelm.     Pop.  4341. 

Dnbhae,  towns  of  India.    See  Dhubboree  and  Debaee. 

Dubicza,  or  Dubitza,  doo-beet'si,  a  fortified  town 
of  Bosnia,  on  the  Unna,  23  miles  W.  of  Gradiska.  Pop.  1400. 

Dubicza,  a  market-town  of  Croatia,  on  the  military 
frontier,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Unna,  opposite  Dubicza 
in  Bosnia.    Pop.  3153. 

Dubiecko,  doo^be-fik'ko,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
on  the  bank  of  the  San,  75  miles  W.  of  Lemberg.  It  ha« 
valuable  salt-mines.     Pop.  1120. 

Dubienka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dubenka. 

Dubis,  the  ancient  name  of  DouBS. 

Dubitza,  a  town  of  Bosnia.     See  Dubicza. 

Dub'lin  (Irish,  Bally-ath-cliaih,  "the  town  on  the  ford 
of  the  hurdles,"  or  Dubh-linn,  "black  pool;"  the  Eblana 
of  Ptolemy),  the  capital  city  of  Ireland  and  of  the  county 
of  Dublin,  on  the  LifFey,  close  to  its  entrance  into  Dublin 
Bay,  Irish  Sea,  66  miles  W.  of  Holyhead,  and  135  miles  W. 
of  Liverpool.  Lat.  of  observatory,  53°  23'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  6" 
20'  5"  W.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  49°  Fahr.; 
winter,  39°.8 ;  summer,  59°.6.  It  is  the  residence  of  the 
Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  the  see  of  Anglican  and  Roman 
Catholic  archbishops,  and  the  centre  of  the  political,  eccle- 
siastical, educational,  fiscal,  commercial,  military,  and  rail- 
way systems  of  the  kingdom. 

Dublin  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
LiflFey,  which  is  embanked  with  granite,  lined  on  both 
sides  with  spacious  quays,  and  spanned  by  9  bridges, — 7 
of  stone  and  2  of  iron.  The  city  is  flanked  N.  and  S.  by 
the  Royal  and  Grand  Canals,  and  was  formerly  surrounded 
by  a  highway  called  the  Circular  Road,  from  8  to  9  miles 
in  extent;  but  it  now  extends  beyond  that  limit.  The 
ground  on  which  it  is  built  rises  gently  to  the  N.  and 
the  S.W. ;  the  S.E.  portion  was  reclaimed  from  the  river. 
Nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  southern  half  of  the  city  is 
Dublin  Castle,  an  edifice  of  different  ages,  built  on  an  ele- 
vated site,  and  containing  an  arsenal,  an  armory,  the  vice- 
regal chapel,  and  various  government  offices,  with  the  state 
apartments  of  the  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  Adjoining 
the  castle  on  the  S.  are  its  gardens ;  and  on  its  N.  side  is 
the  elegant  Exchange,  from  which  a  line  of  streets  extending 
may  be  considered,  with  the  Liffey,  to  separate  Dublin  into 
four  quarters.  The  S.W.  quarter,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
city,  is  mostly  ill  built,  irregular,  and  filthy ;  in  this  part 
are  Christchurch  and  St.  Patrick's  cathedrals,  the  arch- 
bishop's palace,  and  the  royal  and  foundling  hospitals.  The 
N.W.  quarter,  much  more  regularly  built,  is  principally  in- 
habited by  the  trading  and  middle  classes.  On  its  outskirts 
are  many  good  edifices,  and  here  are  the  house  of  industry, 
Richmond  penitentiary,  blue-coat  hospital,  royal  barracks, 
Smithfield  and  Ormond  markets,  the  linen-hall,  and  the 
Courts  of  Law.  The  E.  quarter  of  Dublin  is  by  far  the 
handsomest,  comprising  in  the  N.E.  Sackville  street,  one  of 
the  finest  thoroughfares  in  Europe,  in  which  are  the  post- 
office  and  the  Rotunda ;  and  in  its  centre,  the  Nelson  Pillar, 
a  Doric  column  134  feet  in  height  and  surmounted  by  a 
statue ;  also  the  custom-house  and  Royal  Lying-In  Hospital, 
with  Mountjoy  and  Rutland  Squares  and  Marlborough 
Green ;  in  the  S.E.,  St.  Stephen's  Green,  in  which  is  the 
equestrian  statue  of  George  II.,  Merrion  and  Fitzwilliam 
Squares,  College  Green,  now  a  paved  area,  on  which  are  the 
Bank  of  Ireland  (formerly  the  Parliament  House),  Trinity 
College,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  William  III.,  Dame  street, 
Sir  P.  Dunn's  Hospital,  the  Dublin  Royal  Society  House, 
and  the  Mansion  House,  near  which  is  an  equestrian  statue 
of  George  I.  The  principal  edifices  not  hitherto  mentioned 
comprise  St.  George's  church,  29  other  Protestant  parochial 
churches  and  as  many  chapels  of  ease,  numerous  Roman 
Catholic  parochial  churches,  several  friaries,  monasteries, 
and  convents,  numerous  dissenting  chapels,  a  synagogue, 
the  commercial  buildings,  corn  exchange,  royal  hospital 
at  Kilmainham,  various  barracks,  several  hospitals,  the 
general   dispensary,    Richmond   lunatic   asylum,   the  citv 


DUB 


100 1 


DUli 


assembly  house,  corporate  halls,  sessions-house,  Newgate  and 
other  prisons,  and  some  fine  theatres. 

Its  university,  chartered  in  1591,  and  situated  in  Trinity 
College,  has  noble  buildings,  and  is  one  of  the  richest  oor- 

? orations  and  the  most  important  educational  institution  in 
reland.  It  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Dublin  has 
also  a  Roman  Catholic  university,  with  a  prosperous  medi- 
cal school  attached.  It  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  Queen's 
University  of  Ireland ;  but  none  of  the  colleges  of  that  im- 
portant institution  are  situated  here.  Dublin  has  a  royal 
college  of  science,  colleges  of  physicians  and  surgeons,  an 
apothecaries'  hall,  royal  Irish  and  Hibernian  academies,  a 
royal  institution,  zoological,  geological,  archaeological,  agri- 
cultural, horticultural,  and  other  societies,  various  clubs,  and 
a  mechanics'  institute.  The  Zoological  Society  has  gardens 
in  the  Phoenix  Park,  a  fine  open  space  at  the  W.  extremity 
of  the  city,  and  in  which  is  the  Wellington  Testimonial, 
a  heavy  obelisk,  raised  at  a  cost  of  £20,000.  This  park, 
the  Rotunda,  and  the  Zoological  Gardens,  are  the  favorite 
places  of  resort  for  the  inhabitants.  The  villages  of  Rings- 
end,  Irishtown,  Sandymount,  Ballsbridge,  Donnybrook, 
Ranelagh,  Rathmines,  Herold's  Cross,  Kilmainham,  Glass- 
nevin,  Drumcondra,  and  Clontarf  are  in  the  immediate  sub- 
urbs of  the  city,  the  environs  of  which  have  much  picturesque 
beauty.  Of  these  suburbs,  the  largest  is  Black  Rock,  a 
town  of  8089  inhabitants,  and  a  sea-bathing  resort,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  the  city  proper. 

The  harbor  has  been  latterly  much  improved,  and  near  the 
mouth  of  the  LiflFey  are  the  Grand  Canal  and  the  custom- 
house docks,  the  latter  occupying  8  acres;  depth  at  low 
water  12  feet,  at  high  tides  24  feet.  Dublin  had  formerly 
important  manufactures  of  woollen,  silk,  and  cotton  fabrics, 
but  they  have  declined  into  insignificance,  and  at  present 
its  chief  trade  is  in  linens,  poplins,  porter,  provisions,  &c., 
and  its  only  important  manufacture  is  that  of  whisky  and 
malt  liquors. 

The  environs  of  Dublin  are  remarkably  beautiful,  although 
the  city  itself  is  somewhat  unfortunate  in  its  approaches, 
none  of  which  do  it  justice.  The  bay  is  noble  and  pictu- 
resque, and  esteemed  one  of  the  finest  in  the  United  King- 
dom; it  is  about  7  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance,  between 
Howth  Head  on  the  N.  and  Kingstonon  the  S.,  with  a  light- 
house. It  extends  inland  for  about  the  same  distance  ;  and 
along  the  shores  are  the  villages  of  Kingstown,  Blackrock, 
Clontarf,  Ratheny,  Ac,  and  terraces  of  handsome  houses 
and  scattered  villas.  In  the  centre  flows  in  the  LifFey,  and 
on  either  side  the  Dodder  and  the  Tolka. 

The  metropolis  of  Ireland  claims  a  high  antiquity,  having 
been  in  existence,  it  is  alleged,  since  the  time  of  Ptolemy. 
Its  original  native  name  was  Drom-Col-Coille,  or  the  "  Hill 
of  Hazelwood."  In  the  earlier  part  of  the  ninth  century 
Dublin  was  taken  by  the  Danes,  who  infested  it  for  several 
centuries  thereafter.  In  1169  it  was  taken  by  storm  by  the 
English  under  Strongbow,  who  died  there  seven  years  after- 
wards and  was  interred  in  Christchurch  cathedral.  From 
about  this  period  the  history  of  Dublin  is  that  of  Ireland. 
The  city  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
besides  the  two  returned  by  the  university.  Pop.  in  1841, 
232,726;  in  1851,  254,850;  in  1861,  249,733;  in  1871, 
246,326;  in  1881,  249,602;  in  1891,  254,709,  or  within  the 
metropolitan  police  district,  361,891. 

Dublin,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  has  E.  the 
Irish  Sea,  and  landward,  from  the  S.  round  to  N.,  the  cos.  of 
Wicklow,  Kildare,  and  Meath.  Area,  354  square  miles,  of 
which  196,063  acres  are  arable.  The  surface  is  level  or  un- 
dulating ;  principal  river,  the  LifiTey.    Capital,  Dublin.    It 

sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in 

1881,  418,910;  in  1891,  429,111. 

Dub'lin,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala, 

Dublin^  a  post-ofiice  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Dublin,  a  hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  5  miles  from 

Pleasanton  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Dublin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Laurens  co.,  Qa.,  on 

the  Oconee  River,  about  56  miles  S.E,  of  Macon.     It  has  a 

church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  862. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  2  miles  by 

rail  W.  of  Cambridge  City,  and  17  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Pop.  in  1890,  806, 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky,,  10  miles  W, 

of  Mayfield,     It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory,  a  tobacco- 
factory,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  150. 
Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  36 

miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  123. 
Dublin,  a  station  in  Somerset  CO.,  Md.,  on  the  New  York, 

Philadelphia  &  Norfolk  Railroad,  near  Princess  Anne. 
Dublin,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss. 


Dublin,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Neb. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Dublin  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Peterborough, 
and  about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  It  has  2  churches. 
Great  Monadnock  Mountain  is  on  the  S.  border  of  this 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  582. 

Dnblin,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Junius  town- 
ship, 6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lyons.     Here  is  Junius  Post-Office. 

Dublin,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  about  13  miles  above  Columbus. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  flour-mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  296. 

Dublin,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.    Pop.  2625. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  S.W. 
line  of  Bedminster  township,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Dublin,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  941. 

Dublin,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  contiguous 
to  Dublin,  Fulton  co.     Pop.  967.     It  contains  Shade  Gap. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  90  miles  by 
rail  S.W,  of  Fort  Worth,  and  14  miles  by  rail  S.W,  of 
Stephenville,  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  cotton-compress,  an  ice-factory,  and  bottling- 
works.     Pop,  2025, 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Va,,  35  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Salem,     It  has  5  chuxches. 

Dnblin,  Peel  co,,  Ontario,    See  Campbell's  Cross. 

Dublin  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  co.  of  Dublin, 
between  Howth  Head  on  the  N.,  lat.  53°  21'  40"  N.,  Ion. 
6°  3'  5"  W.,  and  Kingstown  on  the  S.,  with  the  light-house 
in  lat.  53°  18'  N.,  Ion.  6°  S'  W.  Its  length,  and  breadth  of 
entrance,  are  each  about  7  miles.  The  shores  are  bold  and 
highly  picturesque.  At  its  W.  end  is  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Lifi'ey,  with  Dublin  harbor. 

Dublin  Corners,  Ontario.    See  New  Dublin. 

Dublin  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Taylor  township. 

Dublin  Range,  Megantic  co.,  Quebec.     See  Irvike. 

Dubnicz,  doob^nits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Trentschin,  near  the  Waag.     Pop.  1600. 

Dubnicza,  doob^nit'sS,,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  22  miles  S. 
of  Sophia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Djerma.  Pop.  6000.  It 
has  extensive  iron-works. 

Dubno,  doob'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the 
Irwa,  32  miles  W.  of  Ostrog.  Pop.  7953.  It  has  a  castle, 
numerous  churches,  and  a  Greek  abbey. 

Dubois,  doo-boi'  or  du-bois',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Patoka  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  partly 
level  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  dense  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Bitumi- 
nous coal  is  found.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Jasper.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,597;  in  1880,  15,992;  in  1890,  20,253. 

Dubois,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
&  Brunswick  Railroad,  46  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Macon. 

Dubois,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  Dubois  Station,  22  miles  8.  of 
Cehtralia.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Dubois  has  2  churches. 

Dubois,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Jasper.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Dubois,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  oo.,  Neb.,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Pawnee  City.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  316. 

DuDOis,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  129  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  maohine-sbop,  2 
planing-mills,  a  large  lumber-mill,  a  sash-  and  blind- 
factory,  and  several  coal-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  6149. 

Dubois'town,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  2i 
miles  S.  of  AVilliamsport.    It  has  2  saw-mills.    P.  (1890)  697. 

Dubosary,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Doobosart. 

Dubovka,  or  Dubovski-Posad.    See  Doobovka. 

Dubozari,  Russia.     See  Doobosary. 

Dubrajpoor,  doo^brlj^poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district 
and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Beerbhoom.  It  is  surrounded  by 
tanks  and  fish-pools,  and  has  a  large  trade. 

Dubris.    See  Doovres  and  Dover. 

Dubrovna,  doo'brov'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  47  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Dnieper,  and  near  a  railway. 
It  has  a  synagogue,  and  manufactures  of  clocks  and  woolleD 
fabrics.     Pop.  7114. 

Dubrovnik,  the  Slavonic  for  Raodsa. 

Dubrownik,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.    See  Chroma. 


DUB 


1062 


DUD 


Dubuque,  du-buk',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa, 
bordering  on  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.E,  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Little  Maquoketa  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian 
limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  underlies  this  county,  which  has 
also  mines  of  lead.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  division 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Rail- 
road, all  of  which  converge  at  Dubuque,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  In  1890  this  was  the  third  county  in  the  state  in 
population.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,969;  in  1880,  42,996;  in 
1890,  49,848. 

Dubuque*  a  city  of  Iowa,  capital  of  Dubuque  co.,  on 
a  commanding  site  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
opposite  Dunleith  (now  East  Dubuque),  111.,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  steam  ferry,  a  railway  bridge  of  iron, 
and  a  wagon-bridge  68  feet  above  high-water-mark.  It  is 
198  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  455  miles  by  river  above 
St.  Louis.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  delivery,  and  is  the 
point  of  junction  of  five  important  railway  lines.  It  is 
the  principal  business  centre  of  the  lead-region  of  the 
Northwest,  and  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.  It  contains 
numerous  fine  churches,  including  the  Catholic  cathedral 
of  St.  Raphael,  a  court-house,  a  custom-house,  a  city  hall, 
St.  Joseph's  College  and  Academy  (Catholic),  St.  Mary's 
Academy,  several  convents,  a  German  Presbyterian  divinity 
school,  the  Iowa  Institute  of  Science  and  Arts,  2  business 
colleges,  an  Episcopalian  school,  3  national,  2  state,  and  2 
savings-banks,  9  weekly,  1  semi-monthly,  6  monthly,  and  4 
daily  periodicals,  and  manufactures  of  wooden-ware,  bricks, 
leather,  white  lead,  shot,  engines,  machinery,  farming- 
implements,  beer,  flour,  soap,  candles,  artificial  stone,  &c. 
The  town  was  named  from  Julien  Dubuque,  who  settled  here 
in  1788  and  engaged  in  lead-mining.  The  first  permanent 
settlement  within  the  present  limits  of  Iowa  was  made 
here,  in  1827.  It  does  an  extensive  jobbing  business,  and 
is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  by  river  and  rail.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  Catholic  bishop  of  Dubuque.  Pap.  in  1880, 
22,254:  in  1890,  30.311  ;  present  pop.  about  36,000. 

Ducates,  or  Doucates,  doo'kiHis  (?),  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  8  miles  S.  of  Aviona.  It  is 
the  capital  of  a  numerous  tribe  of  Albanians,  whose  govern- 
ment is  patriarchal. 

Ducey,  dii'sd.',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Avranches.     Pop.  1882. 

Duchouquet,  du^shoo-kdt'  or  du^shoo-k&',  a  township 
in  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop.  3959.  It  contains  Criderville  and 
Wapakoneta. 

Duchowschtschina,  Russia.    See  Dookovcheena. 

Duchs,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Dux. 

Ducie  (du'see)  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  oval- 
shaped,  and  of  coral  formation,  with  a  lagoon  in  its  centre. 
Lat.  24°  30'  S.;  Ion.  124°  20'  W. 

Duck  Creek,  in  Australia,  is  an  arm  of  the  Macquarie 
River,  and  the  principal  channel  by  which  its  waters  reach 
the  Darling  River. 

Duck  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  El  Paso  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward in  Bent  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about 
20  miles  above  Las  Animas. 

Duck  Creek,  Delaware,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Kent  and  New  Castle  cos.,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay. 

Duck  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  part  of  Noble  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Washington  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  about  2  miles  above  Marietta. 

Duck  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Outagamie  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  Green  Bay  in  Brown  co.,  about 
2  miles  N.  of  Fort  Howard. 

Duck  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del.  It  extends 
across  the  state,  and  contains  Brenford,  Kenton,  Smyrna, 
and  Bombay  Hook  Island.     Pop.  4279. 

Duck  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Qa.,  8  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  several  stores,  flouring-mills, 
and  other  business  concerns. 

Duck  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.    P.  1325. 

Duck  Creek,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
559.     It  contains  Jurett. 

Duck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  oo.,  N.C.,  about 
4  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Duck  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  oo.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Dallas.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Duck  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Brown  co..  Wis.,  on 
Duck  Creek,  and  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  6  miles 
W.  of  Green  Bay.     Here  is  a  large  sto>ne-quarry.. 


Duckenfield,  a  town  of  England.     See  Dukinfikld. 

Duck'ers,  a  post-ofiice  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Frankfort  and  Lexington,  8  miles  E.  of 
Frankfort. 

Duck'er  Station,  a  post-office  of  Dougherty  co.,  Qa., 
on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

Duck  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.  of  Grenada.     It  has  3  churches. 

Duck  Island,  Ontario,  is  in  Lake  Huron,  off  the  S 
coast  of  the  Great  Manitoulin  Island. 

Duck  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  oo..  Me. 

Duck  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

Duck  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

Duck  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  parish.  La.,  4  or 
5  miles  N.  of  Mound  Railroad  Station.     It  nas  a  church. 

Duck  Riv'er,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Coffee  co.,  and  runs 
nearly  westward,  with  a  little  deviation  towards  the  N.  It 
intersects  the  fertile  counties  of  Bedford,  Marshall,  Maury, 
and  Hickman,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  in  Hum- 
phreys CO.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Waverly.  It  is  about 
200  miles  long.  It  flows  through  forests  of  cedar,  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  maple,  oak,  walnut,  and  tulip-tree. 

Duck  River,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Duck  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Duck  River,  a  station  in  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E,  of  Columbia 

Duck  River,  Quebec.     See  Pointe  au  Bouleac. 

Duck  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.' 

Duck'town,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  69  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Madisonville,  and  17  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of 
Benton.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  manufac- 
tures of  iron  ore,  slate,  and  marble,  and  valuably  copper- 
mines.     Pop.  221. 

Duck'worth's,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  West  Union,  W.  Va. 

Duclair,  or  Dueler,  dii^kliR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine- Inf6rieure,  on  the  Seine,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rouen. 
Pop.  1810. 

Ducum  Burgum,  the  Latin  name  of  Herzogenbubs. 

Dud'deston,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick, 
forming  the  N.E.  suburb  of  Birmingham.  It  is  well  laid 
out,  on  an  elevated  plain,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  rapidly 
increasing  in  size  and  population.     Pop.  45,986. 

Dud'dingston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  of  parish  (including  part 
of  Portobello),  6369. 

Dud'don,  a  river  of  England,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
about  8  miles,  between  Cumberland  and  Lancashire,  joins  the 
Irish  Sea  N.  of  Morecambe  Bay.  The  river  is  celebrated 
in  a  series  of  sonnets  by  Wordsworth. 

Dudeldorf,  doo'd^l-doRT,  a  town  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  18  miles  N.  of  Treves.     Pop.  910. 

Diidelsheim,  dii'd^ls-hime^  a  town  of  Hesse,  neat 
Biidingen.     Pop.  1144. 

Dudenhofen,  doo'd§n-hoT§n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  prov- 
ince of  Starkenburg,  near  Seligenstadt.     Pop.  1153. 

Duderstadt,  doo'd§r-stitt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Gottingen.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic 
seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  4127. 

Diidingen,  dii'ding-§n  (Fr.  Gidn,  g4N°),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  3  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Frey- 
burg.     Pop.  2342. 

Dudley,  diid'lee,  a  borough  of  England,  oo.  of  Wor- 
cester, of  which  it  is  a  detached  part,  surrounded  by  the  oo. 
of  Stafford,  at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham. It  has  several  good  streets,  fine  churches  and 
numerous  chapels,  a  grammar-school  free  to  all  parish- 
ioners, Baylie's  Charity  School,  a  blue-coat  school,  several 
other  liberally-endowed  schools,  a  town  hall,  a  hospital,  art 
school,  geological  museum,  and  a  bank.  It  is  a  principal 
seat  of  the  iron-trade,  its  vicinity  abounding  with  mines  of 
coal  and  iron  and  with  limestone-quarries.  It  has  glass- 
works, tanneries,  breweries,  brass-foundries,  &o.  The  Dud- 
ley Canal  joins  the  Birmingham  &  Worcester  Canal  4  miles 
S.  of  Birmingham.     Pop.  in  1891,  45,740. 

Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paris. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  in  1890,  147. 

Dudley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Bloomington. 

Dudley,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1395.  It 
contains  Lewisville  and  New  Lisbon. 

Dudl«y,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa,  12  mile* 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  a  feed-mill. 


DUD 


1063 


DUL 


Dudley,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Dud- 
ley township,  about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Worcester.  It 
has  a  cburcli  and  an  academy.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Quinebaug  River.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen, 
fancy  oassimeres,  shoe-knives,  and  paper,  and  is  traversed 
by  the  Southbridge  Branch  of  the  New  York  &  New  England 
Railroad  (West  Dudley  Station).     Pop.  of  township,  2944. 

Dudley,  Camden  oo.,  N.J.    See  Craker's  Hill. 

Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington <&  AVeldon  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Goldsborough, 
and  75  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Dudley,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1008. 

Dudley,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta, 
Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in  Car- 
bon township,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  31 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Huntingdon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dudley's,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Rail- 
road, in  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville. 

Dudley  Siding,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Parker  &  Karns  City  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Parker. 

Dud'leytown,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind., 
about  42  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dud'Ieyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Camp  Hill  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Dudleyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bond  co..  111.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Duds'well,  the  chief  town  of  Wolfe  co.,  Queheo,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  875. 

Dudweiler,  doot'i^l-l^r,  or  Deutweiler,  doit'^l-l^r, 
a  commune  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  with  a  hamlet  of  the  same 
name  (pop.  150),  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saarbruck.  Here 
are  coal-mines,  iron-works,  and  shops  for  dressing  fire-proof 
stone.     Pop.  10,029. 

Dudzeele,  dud-zi'l§h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2100. 

Dueast's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  1015. 

Duelm,  dwelm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Sauk  Rapids.     It  has  a  church. 

Dueflas,  doo-Sn'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Palencia,  near  the  Pisuerga.  In  its 
vicinity  is  a  handsome  iron  suspension-bridge,  called  "  Pu- 
erto de  la  Union."     Pop.  3908. 

Duerna,  doo-5R'nS,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  del  Teleno,  and,  after  a  course  of  40 
miles,  joins  the  Tuerto  from  the  right  near  La  Baneza. 

Duero,  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal.     See  Douro. 

Due  West,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.,  about 
90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  A  weekly  religious  paper 
is  published  here.  Due  West  is  the  seat  of  Erskine  College 
(Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian),  and  has  3  churches,  a 
carriage-shon,  and  a  female  college.     Pop.  400. 

Dutf^  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

Duflau,  duffow,  a  post- village  of  Erath  oo.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Stephenville.  It  has  4  churches, 
flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Duffel,  daf'f^l,  or  Diiffel,  duf'f§l  (Fr.  pron.  du^fSl'), 
a  village  of  Belgium,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Antwerp,  and 
on  the  NSthe.     Pop.  4460. 

Duf  field,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  N.  of  Derby.  Pop.  6737 ;  of  Duf- 
field  parish,  including  Belper,  Milford,  and  Heage,  15,537. 

Duffield's,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.Va.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Duff^s  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  10° 
23' S.,  Ion.  165°  49' E.     They  are  about  1 1  in  number. 

Dufftown,  Scotland.    See  Mortlach. 

DuPfus,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Elgin,  near  Moray  Firth.     Pop,  of  parish,  3716. 

Du^fur',  a  post-village  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon,  15  miles 
from  The  Dalles.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  425. 

Dug,  a  town  of  India,  80  miles  S.  of  Kotah. 

Du'gan,  a  station,  5  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Charles,  La. 

DugMemo'na  River,  Louisiana,  drains  parts  of 
Bienville  and  Jackson  parishes,  runs  southeastward  through 
Winn  parish,  and  unites  with  Bayou  Castor.  The  stream 
formed  by  this  confluence  is  called  Little  River. 

Dug'ger,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sullivan.  It  has  2  churches,  coal-mines, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

.l*ugger»8  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Ark.,  60 
miles  N.  of  Atkins.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Dugnano,  doon-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan.  6  miles  W.  of  Monza.     Pop.  1514. 


Dug  Spur,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Dug'way,  a  post- village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Albion 
township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Oswego. 

Duiaa,  dwee'di,  a  mountain  of  Venezuela,  lat.  3°  10' 
N.,  Ion.  66°  10'  W.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  from  the  point  where 
the  Cassiquiare  leaves  the  Orinoco.  It  rises  to  an  elevation 
of  8500  feet,  and  presents  an  imposing  landmark  to  the 
voyager  on  the  Orinoco. 

Duino,  dwee'no,  called  also  Tybein,  or  Tybain, 
te-bin' (anc.  Castel'liim  Puci'num?),  a  seaport  town  of  Aus- 
tria, government  and  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Triest,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  its  gulf.     Pop.  360. 

Duisburg,  doo'is-bS^RG^  (anc.  Cas'trum  Deuso'nisf),  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  the  junction  of  several  rail 
ways,  15  miles  N.  of  Dusseldorf,  between  the  Ruhr  and  the 
Anger,  near  the  Rhine.  It  has  an  orphanage,  a  great  Prot- 
estant philanthropic  institute,  called  Diakonenaustalt,  a 
gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  iron 
goods,  chemicals,  sugar^  &o.  It  is  said  to  derive  its  name 
from  the  Teutones,  who  had  a  camp  here.  It  is  a  place  of 
rapid  recent  growth.    Pop.  in  1875,  37,380 ;  in  1890,  59,285. 

Duiveland,  doi'v§h-l8,nt^  ("pigeon-land"),  an  island 
of  the  Netherlands,  Zealand,  in  the  East  Scheldt,  separated 
from  Sehouwen  by  a  narrow  channel.  Length,  from  E.  to 
W.,  8  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles.     It  is  defended  by  dikes. 

Duiven,  doi'v^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qel- 
derland,  6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2684. 

Duke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  S. 
of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Duke  Centre,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kinzua  Junction,  and  8  miles  N. 
of  Smethport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  the  oil-business.  Pop. 
in  1890,  600. 

Duke'dom,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Dresden.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dukella,  doo-kSl'13,,  a  maritime  district  of  Morocco, 
S.W.  of  the  Morbeva,  between  lat.  32°  10'  and  33°  15'  N. 

Duke  of  Clarence,'  island.     See  Nunkunono. 

Duke  of  York  (native,  Oata/u,  o-a,H4-foo'),  an  island 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  8°  36'  S.;  Ion.  172°  23'  52"  W. 
It  is  3  miles  in  length  and  2jt  miles  broad,  and  is  of  coral 
formation. 

Dukes,  duks,  a  county  of  Massachusetts,  consists  chiefly 
of  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  which  is  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  about  5  miles  from  the  mainland.  Area,  about 
124  square  miles.  The  surface  is- partly  covered  with  for- 
ests. Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  navigation 
and  fisheries.  The  Old  Colony  Railroad  traverses  the 
county.  Capital,  Edgartown.  Pop.  in  1870,  3787;  in 
1875,  4071  ;  in  1880,  4300;  in  1890,  4369. 

Duke  Town,  Guinea.    See  Calabar. 

Dukeville,  duk'vil,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Dn'kinfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  1^ 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Stalybridge,  to  which  town  and  to 
Ashton-under-Lyme  it  is  contiguous.    Pop.  in  1891, 17,408. 

Dukkinshanabazpoor.    See  Deccan  Island. 

Dukia,  doo'klA,  a  frontier  town  of  Austria,  in  Galioia, 
17  miles  S.E.  of  Jaslo,  on  the  Jasielka.  Pop.  3033.  It  has 
a  fine  castle  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Dukora,  doo-ko'rS,,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Minsk. 

Dukovtschina,  Russia.    See  Dookovcheena. 

Dula'ney,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  41 
miles  E.  of  Paducah. 

Dulaney's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md. 

DuMas',  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Angle- 
sey.    Several  small  rivers  of  Wales  have  this  name. 

Dulbahanta,  doorbi-hin'tfl.,  a  district  of  Africa,  So- 
mauli  country,  between  lat.,  8°  and  10°  N.  and  Ion.  46°  and 
49°  E.     It  is  level,  and  forms  extensive  pasture-ranges. 

Dulce,  dool'si  or  dool'thi  (sometimes  called  Golfo 
Dulce),  a  lake  of  Central  America,  state  and  102  miles' 
N.E.  of  Guatemala,  forming  the  principal  water-way  of  the 
state  to  the  Atlantic.  It  is  about  25  miles  long,  by  10 
miles  in  average  breadth,  and  has  18  feet  of  water  at  300  or 
400  yards  from  the  shore,  and  in  most  other  places  from  30 
to  60  feet.  It  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Honduras 
through  a  smaller  one  called  the  Golfete,  on  the  river  Dulce, 
the  entrance  to  which  from  the  sea  is  impeded  by  a  bar 
which  cannot  be  passed  by  vessels  drawing  more  than  fl 
or  7  feet;  but  within,  there  is  a  general  depth  of  15  feet. 

Dulce,  or  Golfo  Dulce,  a  gulf  of  Central  America, 
formed  by  the  Pacific,  on  the  coast  of  Costa  Rica.  Its  en- 
trance is  between  the  points  of  Burica,  lat.  8°  N.,  Ion.  83* 
W.,  and  Qorda,  lat.  8°  32'  N.,  Ion.  83°  50'  W. 


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1064 


DUM 


Dulce,  Rio,  ree'o  dool'si  or  dool'tti,  a  river  of  the 
Argentine  Republic,  rises  in  Tucuman,  flows  S.E.  past  San- 
tiago, and  empties  into  Porongos  Lake. 

DulcignO)  dool-cheen'yo,  written  also  Dolcigno 
(anc.  Olcin'ium;  Turk.  OP'goon'),  a  seaport  town  of  Eu- 
rope, principality  of  Montenegro,  on  Cape  Kadilie,  a  rocky 
?eninsula  in  the  Adriatic,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Scutari, 
■op.  3000. 

Duicis  Aqua,  the  Latin  name  of  Dolce  Acqua. 

DuUeek',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  on  N^^xny 
Water,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Drogheda.  It  has  a  handsome 
Catholic  chapel  and  remains  of  an  abbey.     Pop.  719. 

Du'linsville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Dtilkeil)  dul'kgn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  canal  between  the  Rhine 
and  Venloo.     Pop.  6069. 

Diilln,  diiln,  Dilln,  or  Diln,  diln  or  dil'n  (Hun. 
Bela-Banya,  bi'loh'-b5.n'y5h^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Honth,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Altsohl.     Pop,  1680. 

Diilmen,  dUl'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  17  miles  S.W.  of  MUnster.  It  has  a  castle, 
the  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Croy.  Diilmen  has  several 
hospitals,  and  manufactures  of  linen.     Pop.  3892. 

Duluth,  du-looth',  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Qa., 
26  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
cotton-gins,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  319. 

Dnluth,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  St. 
Louis  CO.,  Minn.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  W.  end  of  Lake 
Superior,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  great  lakes, 
156  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  three  lines  of  railroad.  It  is  also  at  the  eastern  ter- 
minus of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Lat.  46°  48' 
N.;  Ion.  92°  6'  W.  The  site  is  the  side  of  a  hill  which 
rises  gradually  from  the  shore  to  a  height  of  about  600 
feet  above  the  lake.  The  harbor,  called  Duluth  Bay, 
is  protected  by  a  narrow  piece  of  land  called  Minnesota 
Point,  which  is  7  miles  long  and  forms  a  natural  break- 
watw,  through  which  there  is  a  ship-canal.  The  government 
of  the  United  States  is  expending  large  sums  of  money  in 
the  improvement  of  the  harbor  by  dredging  and  the  con- 
struction of  piers.  Duluth  contains  a  custom-house,  37 
churches,  a  United  States  land-office,  an  excellent  system 
of  public  schools,  including  a  high  school,  3  national  and 
6  state  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  signal-station,  stock-yards, 
slaughtering  and  cold  storage  establishments,  7  large  steam 
saw-mills,  steam  forge-works,  2  flouring-mills,  and  grain- 
elevators  with  a  capacity  of  21,250,000  bushels.  Immense 
deposits  of  iron,  granite,  and  freestone  are  found  near. 
Three  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3483  ;  in  1890,  33.115. 

Dnlwich)  dul'ich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  and 
suburb  of  London,  4^  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's.  It  is  beau- 
tifully situated,  and  has  numerous  handsome  mansions  and 
villas.  Here  is  Dulwich  College,  founded  in  1619  by  Ed- 
ward Alleyne,  a  very  handsome  and  spacious  Elizabethan 
edifice,  with  a  picture-gallery  containing  one  of  the  choicest 
collections  of  Italian  and  Flemish  paintings  in  Britain.  The 
college  has  been  reorganized,  and  one  of  its  new  buildings 
is  regarded  as  the  most  costly  structure  of  its  class  in  exist- 
ence.    Pop.  4041. 

Dnmaira,  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea.    See  Doomairah. 

OumangaS}  doo-min'gis,  a  town  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  Panay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Jalaur.  Pop. 
about  25,000. 

Dumanway,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Dunmanway. 

Dumaran,  doo'mi-rin',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, Philippines,  N.E.  of  Palawan.  Lat.  10°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
120°  E.  It  is  about  20  miles  in  length  and  breadth,  with  a 
town  of  the  same  name  on  the  S.W.  coast.    Pop.  about  1500. 

Dumaresque  River.    See  Severn  River. 

Du^mas',  a  post-village  of  Tippah  co..  Miss.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Ripley.     It  has  3  churches. 

Dumas'  Store,  a  post-ofiice  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Dumbar'ton,  or  Dumbartonshire,  diim-bar'tpn- 
shjr,  formerly  Len'nox,  a  county  of  Scotland,  chiefly  en- 
closed by  Lochs  Lomond  and  Long  and  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
having  a  detached  portion  eastward,  between  the  cos.  of 
Stirling  and  Lanark.  Area,  270  square  miles.  Principal 
river,  the  Leven.  Surface  mostly  mountainous,  and  soil 
poor.  It  contains  iron-  and  coal-mines,  freestone-  and 
limestone-quarries.  Principal  towns,  Dumbarton,  Alexan- 
dria, and  Helensburgh.  The  county  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.    Pop.  (1881 )  75,333 ;  (1891)  94,611. 

Dumbar'ton,  or  Dunbar'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Dumbarton,  on  the  Leven,  near  its  con- 
fluence with  the  Clyde,  13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Glasgow. 
A  suburb  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river.    Dumbar- 


ton Castle,  on  a  bold  isolated  basaltic  rock  at  the  river's 
mouth,  is  a  fortress  of  great  antiquity  and  historical  in- 
terest. The  Leven  is  navigable  from  its  mouth  to  the  quay 
at  high  water,  and  the  town  has  flourishing  glass-works,  an 
improved  harbor,  iron-works,  and  yards  for  building  iron 
ships.  Dumbarton  has  been  a  stronghold  for  at  least  1000 
years.  Dumbarton  Castle  is  one  of  the  four  stipulated  to 
be  kept  in  repair  by  the  articles  of  the  Union.  Dumbarton 
was  known  in  ancient  times  by  the  name  of  Alcluyd,  which, 
in  the  British  language,  signifies  the  rock  high  on  the  Clyde. 
It  unites  with  Port-Glasgow,  Renfrew,  Rutherglen,  and  Kil- 
marnock in  sending  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  in  1881,  13,782;  in  1891,  16.908. 

Dumbar'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Verona 
township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  1  mile  from  State  Bridge  Sta- 
tion, and  4^  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  glass-fac- 
tory and  about  20  houses. 

Dumbarton,  a  post- village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  200. 

Dumbartonshire,  Scotland.    See  Dumbarton. 

Dumblane,  of  Scotland.    See  Dunblane. 

Dum^blane',  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Walkerton.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist 
mills.     Pop.  100. 

Dumbravicze,  doom^brSh-veet'si^  a  town  of  Hun 
gary,  40  miles  E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  1100. 

Dum'dum\  the  valley  of  the  Pir-Panjal  Pass  betweeiv 
the  Punjab  and  Cashmere.  Elevation,  11,800  feet.  It  is 
traversed  by  a  river  of  the  same  name. 

Dum'dum\  or  Damdama,  dum-dilm'a,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta,  with  barracks,  hospital, 
and  an  English  school.     Pop.  5179. 

Dumfries,  diim-freece',  or  Dumfries-shire,  a  bor- 
der county  of  Scotland,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  Cumberland 
and  Solway  Firth.  Area,  1103  square  miles,  one-third  of 
which  is  arable.  The  whole  valley  of  the  Nith  is  composed 
of  a  red  sandstone.  The  mountainous  districts  are  of  the 
Lower  Silurian  strata.  There  are  mineral  springs  at  Moffat. 
The  county  is  subdivided  into  Nithsdale,  Annandale,  and 
Eskdale,  watered  by  the  three  principal  rivers,  the  Nith, 
Annan,  and  Esk.  There  are  nine  lochs  in  the  vicinity  of 
Lochmaben  and  Loch  Skene,  near  the  head  of  the  Moffat 
Water,  at  an  elevation  of  1300. feet.  A  considerable  part  of 
the  county  is  mountainous,  especially  towards  the  N.  and 
N.E.  Among  the  highest  mountains  are  Black  Larg,  2890 
feet,  Lowther,  3130  feet,  Queensberry,  2140  feet,  and  Hart- 
fell,  3300  feet.  The  high  grounds  afford  good  pasturage,  and 
cattle-,  sheep-,  and  pig-rearing  forms  an  important  branch 
of  rural  industry.  The  means  of  railway  communication  are 
ample.  The  principal  towns  are  Dumfries,  the  capital, 
Annan,  Sanquhar,  and  Lochmaben.     Pop.  in  1891,  74,308. 

Dumfries,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above,  on 
the  Nith,  across  which  it  communicates  with  its  suburb 
Maxwelltown  by  two  bridges,  9  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
28i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  sev- 
eral railways.  It  is  handsomely  though  irregularly  built, 
and  is  regarded  aa  the  provincial  capital  of  South  Scotland. 
Aroiind  it  many  handsome  villas  have  been  erected.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  numerous  churches,  one  with  an  extensive 
cemetery  which  contains  the  remains  and  tomb  of  Burns, 
a  tower  in  the  High  street  (the  work  of  Inigo  Jones),  the 
Crichton  Royal  Institution  (a  lunatic  asylum),  the  infirm- 
ary, dispensary,  court-house,  jail,  bridewell,  several  hospitals 
and  asylums,  theatre,  and  assembly-rooms.  Here  are  4  en- 
dowed seminaries,  united  under  the  name  of  the  Dumfries 
Academy,  various  other  schools,  several  associations  with 
libraries,  reading-rooms,  an  observatory,  and  a  mechanics' 
institution.  The  principal  manufactures  are  tweeds,  hats, 
hosiery,  leather,  baskets,  clogs,  and  shoes.  Vessels  of  above 
60  tons  can  approach  the  town  quay,  between  which  and 
the  mouth  of  the  river  are  3  other  quays  for  larger  vessels. 
It  has  a  large  weekly  cattle-  and  sheep-market,  and  sends 
out  considerable  quantities  of  seeds  and  nursery  plants 
Dumfries  became  a  royal  burgh  in  the  twelfth  century, 
about  the  end  of  which  a  monastery  was  founded  here ;  in 
its  chapel  John  Comyn,  a  competitor  for  the  Scottish  throng 
was  stabbed  by  Robert  Bruce  in  1306.  Pop.  in  1881, 
17,092;  in  1891,  17,804. 

Dumfries,  dum-freece'  or  diim-freez',  a  post-village 
of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  is  near  the  Potomac  River, 
about  86  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
large  business  in  lumber  and  minerals.  Here  are  iron 
pyrites  mines.     Pop.  250. 

Dumfries,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  river  St.  John,  23  miles  above  Fredericton.    P.  200. 

Dumfries-shire,  Scotland.    See  Duufries. 

Dum'mer,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.    P.  455^ 


DUM 


1065 


DUN 


I  Dnm'merston,  a  post-village  of  'Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
1  Dnmmerston  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  Brattleborough.  It  has  2  churches,  granite- 
muarries,  and  furniture-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township,  860. 
I  Dummodah,  a  river  of  India.  See  Dammoodah. 
i     Duminow,  a  district  of  India.     See  Dumor. 

Dumoh)  or  Damoh,  diim'o,  a  district  of  the  JubbuU 

i  poor  division,  Central  Provinces,  British  India.    Lat.  23°- 

24°  60'  N.;  Ion.  79°-80°  E.     Area,  2799  square  miles.    It 

I'is  a  hilly  tract,  on  the  Vindhya  plateau,  with  much  jungle. 

1  Capital,  Dumoh.     Pop.  269,642. 

j     Dumoh,  or  Damoh,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
)  above,  45  miles  E.  of  Saugur.     Pop.  7911. 
I      Dumont',  a  post-village  of  Butler  eo.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
I  by  rail  W.  of  Allison.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Dnmont'ville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  about 
.10  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Dum'plin  Ro<;k  Light,  on  one  of  the  Dumplin  Rooks, 
in  Buzzard's  Bay,  Mass.  It  is  a  fixed  light,  43  feet  above 
sea-level.     Lat.  41°  32' 10"  N.;   Ion.  70°  55' 40' W. 

Diim'po',  a  town  of  Thibet,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Garoo. 
Lat.  31°  6'  N.;  Ion.  80°  15'  E. 

Dumraon,  doom-ri'Sn,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Shahabad 
district,  on  or  near  the  East  India  Railway,  9  miles  E.  of 
j  Buxir.     It  is  near  the  town  of  Bhojpore.     Pop.  17,356, 
i     Dam'ser's,  a  station  in  Kane  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
i  k  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Elgin. 
i      Dun,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea.     See  Dune. 

Diina,  dU'nS,,  or  Southern  DAVina,  dwee'ni  (Russ. 
.  Dvina  Zapadnaya  ;  anc.  Turun'thua  or  Turun'tua),  an  im- 
I  portant  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W.  of  the  government 
)f  Tver,  near  the  sources  of  the  Volga,  with  which  it  is  con- 
1  aected  by  a  canal,  flows  at  first  S.W.  between  the  govern- 
I  oients  of  Smolensk  and  Pskov,  and  afterwards  N.W.,  in  the 
I  lower  part  of  its  course  separating  Courland  on  the  S.  from 
j  Vitebsk  and  Livonia,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Riga  7  miles 
j  N'.W.  of  Riga.  Its  length  is  about  600  miles,  for  nearly  all 
I  3f  which  it  is  navigable,  although  its  mouth  and  many  other 
I  parts  of  the  river  are  encumbered  by  shoals,  rendering  its 
I  aavigation  unsafe  and  only  fit  for  small  vessels,  except 
j  inring  the  spring  thaws  and  autumnal  rains.  Opposite 
I  Riga  it  is  about  2400  feet  broad,  and  crossed  by  a  floating 
I  bridge,  which  is  taken  down  annually  in  September  and  again 
I  erected  early  in  April.  Drainage-area,  65,000  square  miles. 
I  The  principal  aflSuents  are  the  Yevst  and  Drissa  from  the 
I  N.,  and  the  Mezha  and  Desna  from  the  E.  and  S.  It  is 
I  (jonnected  by  canals  with  Lake  Ilmen,  the  Beresina,  and 
the  Niemen.  See  Dwina. 
Duna,  the  Hungarian  name  of  the  Danube. 
I  Diinaburg,  du'na-burg  or  dii'nl-boonG\  or  Dina- 
I  burg,  dee'nS,-booRo\  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Russia, 
;  government  of  Vitebsk,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Diina,  where 
I  it  is  crossed  by  the  railway  from  St.  Petersburg  to  Warsaw, 
j  57  miles  W.N.W.  of  Drissa,  at  the  junction  of  two  other  im- 
'  portant  railways.  The  town  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
'  leather,  beer,  lumber,  flour,  lime,  brick,  and  tiles,  and  ships 
much  flax,  hemp,  tallow,  and  timber.  Pop.  (1884)  64,513. 
i  Dnnaevtsyi,  doo^ni-fivt'see,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Po- 
I   dolia,  12  miles  N.  of  Kamieniec. 

Duna-Foldvar,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Foldvah. 
Duuamauagh,  dun^a-min'&H,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo. 
of  Tyrone,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Strabane. 

Dtinamiinde,  dU'ni-miinM^h  [i.e.,  "  the  mouths  of  the 
Diina"),  a  fortress  of  Russia,  government  of  Livonia,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Riga,  on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Diina.  It 
has  a  custom-house  and  a  quarantine  establishment. 

Dnna  Vecse,  doo'n5h^  vi'chi",  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  and  40  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  4205. 

Duna  Vecse,  a  village  of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja, 
on  the  Danube,  22  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Dunbar,  diin-bar',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Haddington,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
on  the  North  British  Railway,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Edin- 
burgh. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  a  Gothic  parish 
church,  handsome  assembly-rooms,  public  libraries,  and  the 
remains  of  an  ancient  castle;  also  ship-building  docks,  sail- 
cloth- and  cordage-factories,  iron-foundries,  breweries,  and 
distilleries.  The  harbor  is  accessible  by  vessels  of  300  tons ; 
the  principal  imports  are  coal  and  foreign  grain ;  the  ex- 
ports, corn,  whisky,  and  fish.     Pop.  (1891)  3645. 

Dunbar',  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  traversed 
by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota.     Pop.  247. 

Dunbar,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb.,  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  350. 

Dunbar,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad. 
68 


Dunbar,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  in  Dunbar 
township,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A 
Baltimore  Railroad,  61  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  large 
iron-furnace.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  2972. 

Dunbar',  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  N.  of  Morrisburg.     Pop.  150. 

Dunbarton,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Dumbarton. 

Dunbar'ton,  apost-township  andhamlet  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  624. 

Dunbarton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  West  Union.    It  has  a  church.    P.  160. 

Dunbarton,  a  post-ofiice  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 

Dunbar'ton,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  near  Frenchman's  Bay.   P.  160. 

Dunbeath,  diin-baith',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Caithness,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Wick,  with  a  castle  on  a 
peninsular  rock  in  the  North  Sea. 

Dunblane',  or  Dnmblane,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  23  miles  S.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Allan,  at  a  railway 
junction.  It  is  resorted  to  in  the  summer  for  the  sake  of  a 
mineral  spring.  It  has  a  public  library,  founded  by  Bishop 
Leighton,  and  a  cathedral,  over  which  Leighton  presided. 
Pop.  1921. 

Dunc'an,  a  post-village  of  Graham  co.,  Arizona,  31 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clifton.  It  has  an  academy  and  mines. 
Pop.  100. 

Duncan,  a  post-ofBce  of  Monroe  co.,  Ark.  Duncan 
Station  is  on  the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Clarendon. 

Duncan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Buda. 

Duncan,  a  post-hag;ilet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ey.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  general  stores. 

Duncan,  a  post-village  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  Lake  Huron.     Pop.  161. 

Duncan,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  Coultersville. 

Duncan  and  Hinton  Creek,  a  township  of  Cleve- 
land CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  1242. 

Dunc'an  Channel,  an  inlet  in  Prince  of  Wales' 
Archipelago,  Alaska. 

Duncan  Creek,  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  at  Chippewa  Falls. 

Dunc'an  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  centre  of  the 
Galapagos  group. 

Duncan  Island,  in  the  China  Sea,  belongs  to  the 
Paracels  (which  see). 

Duncan'non,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on 
Waterford  Harbor,  6  miles  E.  of  Waterford.     Pop.  604. 

Duncan'non,  a  post-borough  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
New  Bloomfield.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  iron-works,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  1074. 

Duncan's,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  14 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spartanburg.     It  has  saw-mills. 

Duncan's  Bridge,  or  JLees'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  Salt  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Clarence.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Dunc'ansby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Issaquena  oo.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  90  miles  above  Vicksburg.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Dunc'ansby-Head,  the  N.E.  headland  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Caithness,  about  li  miles  E.N.E.  of  John  O'Groat's 
House.  Lat.  58°  39'  N.  j  Ion.  3°  1'  W.  On  its  highest 
part  is  an  ancient  watch-tower. 

Duncan's  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Laurena 
CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Ennoree  River  on  the  N. 
border  of  Newberry  co. 

Duncan's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Rutherford  oo., 
N.C.     Pop.  999. 

Duncan's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  oo., 
0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  9  miles  below  Zanesvilie.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  194. 

Duncan's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Russian  River,  6  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of 
San  Francisco.  It  has  a  church,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
large  manufactoiy  of  redwood  lumber. 

Duncan's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  on 
Spoon  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Duncan's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Va.,  on 
or  near  the  N.  bank  of  the  Clinch  River,  9  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Estillville.  It  has  several  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  50. 

Duncansville,  Thomas  oo.,  Ga.    See  Sprihgwood. 


DUN 


1066 


DUN 


Duno'ansville,  apost-boroughof  Blair  oo.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Altoona,  and  2  miles  W.  of  HoUidaysburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  iron-works,  and  a  steam  brick-factory. 
Pop.  1277. 

Duncansville,  Russell  co.,  Ontario.     See  Russell. 

Dunc'anville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vin- 
cennes,  Ind.,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Robinson.    It  has  a  church. 

Duncanville,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  about 
13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dallas.    It  has  a  church.    P.  200. 

Dnncombe,  diin'kum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  oo., 
Iowa,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.     It  ha*  a  church. 

Dun^daff')  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  6 
Tniles  N.  by  W.  of  Carbondale.   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  157. 

Dundalk,  diin-dawk',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  Castletown  River,  near  its  mouth  in  Dun- 
dalk Bay,  at  a  railway  junction,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Dublin. 
The  principal  buildings  are  a  spacious  parish  church,  a 
large  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  county  court-house,  jail, 
market-  and  custom-houses,  an  infirmary,  a  guild  hall, 
linen-hall,  news-  and  assembly-rooms,  a  barrack,  a  work- 
house, and  several  ruined  ecclesiastical  edifices.  It  has 
various  schools,  one  called  the  Dundalk  Institution;  also 
flour-mills,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  a  large  distillery.  Its 
harbor  is  safe,  the  fisheries  somewhat  important,  and  it  ex- 
ports rural  produce.  The  rise  of  the  tide  at  the  bar,  where 
there  is  a  light-house,  is  16  feet.     Pop.  (1891)  12.449. 

Dundalk  Bay,  a  shallow  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  be- 
tween Cooley  and  Dunany  Points,  8  miles  in  length  and 
breadth.  It  contains  large  oyster-beds,  and  receives  the 
rivers  Dee,  Fane,  and  Castletown. 

Dundas,  dun-das',  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  111., 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Olney.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
a  flour-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dundas,  a  village  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  S.  of 
Goodland. 

Dundas,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Rice  co., 
Minn.,  on  Cannon  River,  1 1  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Fari- 
bault, and  44  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  flouring-inill,  a  lumber-mill,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  and  manufactures  of  butter.     Pop.  in  1890,  554. 

Dundas,  a  village  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  in  Roubidoux 
township,  about  66  miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2 
churches. 

DnndaS)  a  post-ofSoe  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  is  at  McArthur 
Station  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  34  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Chillicothe.     Iron  ore  is  shipped  here. 

Dundas,  a  post-oflfice  and  station  of  Calumet  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  by  S.  from  Appleton. 

Dundas,  a  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  Ontario,  bor- 
dering on  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  Area,  382  square  miles. 
Capital,  Cornwall.     Pop.  18,777. 

Dundas,  a  town  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  head 
of  Burlington  Bay  (the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio), and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  5  miles  W.  of 
Ilamilton.  It  has  agencies  of  several  insurance  companies 
and  of  the  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce,  an  office  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper,  40  stores,  6  hotels,  and  several  churches. 
It  possesses  unlimited  water-power,  and  has  manufactories 
of  iron  castings,  machinery,  edge-tools,  combs,  paper,  soap, 
candles,  leather,  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  wooden-ware, 
Ac.  The  Desjardins  Canal  gives  it  water-communication 
with  Hamilton  and  other  ports.    Pop.  3135. 

DnndaS)  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  34  miles  east  of  Charlottetown.  It  has  carding,- 
grist-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills-.     Pop.  200. 

Dundas  Island,  Canada,  is  in  the  Pacific,  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Queen  Charlotte's  Islands. 

Dundas'  Islands,  off  the  eastern  coast  of  Africa, 
between  the  equator  and  lat.  1^°  S.,  comprise  nearly  500 
coral  islets,  from  2i  to  4  miles  in  length,  but  with  only  one 
secure  harbor,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Durnford  River, 

Dundas  River,  an  affluent  of  English  River,  Delagoa 
Bay,  Eastern  Africa, 

Dundas  Strait,  Australia,  separates  Melville  Island 
Vom  Coburg  Peninsula,  and  is  18  miles  across. 

Dundee,  dun-dee',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
finely  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Firth  of  Tay,  at  a 
railway  junction,  12  miles  from  the  sea,  and  37  miles  N,  by 
E.  of  Edinburgh.  Lat.  56°  27'  36"  N.;  Ion.  2°  57'  45"  W. 
It  stretches  along  the  Tay,  and  recedes  inland,  with  a 
gradual  ascent.  Its  appearance  from  the  sea  is  at  once 
striking  and  pleasing.  The  more  recently  formed  streets 
»re,  in  general,  spacious  and  handsome ;  but  most  of  those 
of  more  ancient  date  are  irregular  and  ill  built.  The  town 
U  amply  supplied  with  water.    The  most  conspicuous  object 


in  Dundee  is  its  old  tower,  156  feet  high,  founded  by  Da^nd, 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  recently 
restored.  There  is  also  an  ornamental  chimney,  282  feet 
high.  Other  public  buildings  of  note  are  the  town  hall, 
trades'  hall,  the  town  churches,  grouped  about  the  old 
tower,  the  custom-house,  the  high  school,  the  hospitals,  the 
insane  asylum,  an  orphanage,  several  industrial  schools,  a 
deaf-mute  school,  the  Albert  Institute,  the  abattoir  and 
cattle-market,  academy,  the  new  exchange,  containing,  be« 
sides  other  accommodation,  a  handsome  reading-room ;  the 
Watt  Institution,  theatre,  infirmary,  the  jail  and  bridewell, 
and  an  imposing  Norman  triumphal  arch,  erected  in  front 
of  the  mid-quay,  to  commemorate  the  landing  at  Dundee 
of  Queen  Victoria  in  September,  1844.  There  are  a  large 
number  of  private  schools,  including  several  connected  with 
the  spinning-establishments  of  the  town,  the  teachers  of 
which  are  paid  by  the  proprietors  of  these  works.  The 
principal  libraries  are  the  Public  Library,  consisting  of  sev- 
eral thousand  volumes,  the  Watt  Library,  and  the  Law  Li- 
brary; the  Dundee  Literary  Institute  has  a  handsome  read- 
ing-room and  library  in  a  central  part  of  the  town.  Exclu- 
sive of  the  infirmary  and  dispensary  already  alluded  to, 
there  are  a  number  of  charitable  and  benevolent  institutions 
and  societies,  and  various  religious  associations.  The  town 
has  several  spacious  and  well-kept  public  parks,  and  some 
of  the  principal  streets  have  horse-tramways. 

Dundee  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  manufactures, 
and  is  now  the  principal  seat  of  the  linen,  hemp,  and  jute 
manufactures  in  Great  Britain.  All  the  mills  are  driven  by 
steam-power.  The  staple  articles  of  import  are  flax,  hemp, 
timber,  and  jute  from  foreign  countries,  and  coals  and  lime 
coastwise.  Exports  are  linens  and  linen  yarns,  cattle,  sheep, 
carpets,  dowlas,  bags,  and  other  manufactured  goods.  Sugar- 
refining,  ship-building,  and  the  manufacture  of  iron-ware, 
confections,  leather,  shoes,  gloves,  &c.,  are  largely  carried 
on.  Dundee  is  now  the  principal  seat  of  the  British  whale- 
fisheries,  the  oil  being  extensively  employed  in  the  great 
jute-mills  of  the  town.  It  has  a  commodious  harbor,  with 
ample  docks,  lately  extended  at  a  large  cost. 

Dundee  was  at  an  early  period  a  place  of  considerable 
note,  and,  like  most  old  towns,  was  originally  walled.  It 
was  erected  a  royal  burgh  by  William  the  Lion ;  and  it  has  a 
conspicuous  place  in  the  mediaeval  history  of  Scotland.  Its 
population  was,  in  1841,  64,629;  in  1871,121,925;  in  1881, 
140,054;  in  1891,  153,066. 

Dun^dee',  a  post-village  of  Kane  CO.,  111.,  on  Fox  River, 
in  Dundee  township,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Elgin,  and  47  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  corporations.  East  Dundee 
and  West  Dundee,  a  fine  high  school,  6  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  large  brick-  and  tile- 
works,  a  creamery,  and  a  public  library.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2023;  of  the  township,  3876. 

Dundee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Pipe 
Creek  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Dundee,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dundee 
township,  on  the  Raisin  River,  48  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Detroit,  and  1 5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
furniture,  bricks,  tiles,  heading,  and  staves,  2  flouring-mills, 
a  cheese-factory,  and  a  creamery.  Pop.  in  1890,  1166;  of 
the  township,  3539. 

Dundee,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  in  Boeuf 
township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Newport 
Station,  62  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
on  or  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Dundee,  a  post- village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Corning,  3  miles  W.  of  Seneca  Lake, 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  2  foundries,  flour-mills,  a  planing-mill, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1200. 

Dundee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  Sugar  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Canton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  300. 

Dundee,  a  station  in  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  and  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroads,  i  mile 
from  Danville.     Here  the  former  road  terminates. 

Dundee,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Osceola  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Dundee,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Quebec,  on  Salmon  River,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  is  about  5  miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  partly 
in  the  state  of  New  York.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river 
is  Fort  Covington,  N.Y.  Steamboats  ascend  to  this  point. 
An  American  consul  resides  in  Dundee.     Pop.  150. 

Dundee  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.; 
Quebec,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Dundee.     Pop.  200. 


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1067 


DUN 


Dun^dee'  Junc'tion,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co., 

Oregon,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Portland,  and  9  miles  (direct) 
I'],  by  N.  of  McMinnville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public 
Bohool.     Pop.  100. 

Dundee  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
ithe  Passaic  River,  18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jersey  City. 
'    Dun^doii'ald,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  5 
jmiles  E.  of  Belftist. 

Dun^don'a|d,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  4  miles 
jS.S.W.  of  Irvine.     On  the  Firth  of  Clyde  are  ruins  of  a 
castle  supposed  to  have  been  bvilt  by  the  Stuarts. 
I    Dun^d-ren'nan,  the  name  jf  a  parish  of  Scotland,  in 
Kirkcudbright,  containing  the  ruins  of  a  famous  abbey. 

Dun'druniy  a  village  of  Ireland,  on  Dundrum  Bay. 

Dundrum,  a  village  of  Ireland,  4^  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Dublin.     Pop.  540. 

Dundrum  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  Down,  in  the  Irish  Sea, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Downpatrick,  extends  from  St.  John's 
Point  to  Dullish  Cove.  Near  its  N.  side  are  the  rocks  of 
Cow  and  Calf,  joined  by  a  reef  with  the  mainland. 

Dune,orDun,doon,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  off  the 
IE.  coast  of  Annam,  in  lat.  12°  15'  N.,  Ion.  109°  30'  E. 
I  Dun  Edin,  an  old  name  of  Edinburgh. 
I  Duned'in,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  56  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lacoochee, 
;and  19  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Tampa.  It  has  2  churches, 
rianufactures  of  bricks,  and  palmetto-works.  Orange-grow- 
iogand  lemon-culture  are  the  chief  industries.     Pop.  500. 

Diined'in,  the  largest  city  of  New  Zealand,  and  capital 
<f  the  province  of  Otago,  at  the  head  of  a  fine  bay  on  the 
]5.  side  of  the  Middle  Island.  Vessels  drawing  12  feet  of 
uater  can  reach  the  town ;  but  large  ships  anchor  at  Port 
( Ihalmers,  9  miles  below,  to  which  point  a  railway  extends ; 
tnd  the  harbor  of  Dunedin  is  being  artificially  deepened. 
]''rom  this  city  railways  extend  N.  and  S.  along  the  coast. 
J)unedin  has  several  daily  and  other  papers,  paved  streets, 
{•as-works,  a  university,  a  college,  2  high  schools,  hospitals, 
1 ,  lunatic  asylum,  a  botanic  garden,  a  good  water-supply,  fine 
]iarks,  a  system  of  public  free,  grammar,  and  ragged  schools, 
I  n  orphanage,  a  reformatory,  fine  theatres,  Ac,  and  is  the 
Eeat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  It  was  founded  in 
.848  by  a  Scotch  Presbyterian  (Free  Church)  colony.  Pop. 
n  1876,  23,365;  in  1891,  22,376;  or  with  suburbs,  45,865. 

Dunel'len,  a  post-borough  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  15 
niles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Mor- 
•istown.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  high  school, 
:ind  manufactures  of  clothing.     Pop.  1060. 

Dunelmia^orDunelniuni,  Latin  names  of  DnRHAH. 

Dunes,  diin,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Glaronne,  29 
miles  W.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1202. 

Dunfanaghy,  diin-fan'a-ne,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Donegal,  16jf  miles  N.W.  of  Letterkenny.     Pop.  650. 

Dunfermline,  diim-fer'lin,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
l?ife,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 
It  is  generally  handsome,  though  irregularly  built,  on  an 
«)minence,  separated  from  a  large  suburb  on  the  W.  by  a 
ravine,  crossed  by  a  bridge.  The  principal  edifice  is  its  fine 
collegiate  church,  erected  in  1821,  contiguous  to  the  ruins 
of  the  ancient  structure.  The  abbey,  originally  founded 
by  Malcolm  and  his  queen  between  1070  and  1086,  was  a 
monastery  of  Culdees.  Here  Edward  of  England  resided 
for  some  months  in  1304,  and  on  leaving  it  set  it  on  fire. 
It  was  rebuilt  by  Bruce,  and  here  his  body  was  interred. 
The  nave  and  tower  and  some  parts  of  the  refectory  still 
remain,  and  are  partly  of  Saxon  and  partly  of  Norman  archi- 
tecture. In  the  town  are  various  other  places  of  worship, 
a  guild  hall  with  a  spire  132  feet  in  height,  town  hall, 
jail,  hospital,  assembly  hall,  several  public  schools,  a  me- 
(jhanics'  institute,  and  subscription  libraries.  The  staple 
manufacture  is  table-linen,  in  which  the  town  is  unrivalled 
by  any  other  town  in  the  kingdom.  This  manufacture, 
together  with  that  of  colored  worsted  and  cotton  covers, 
which  has  been  added  to  it  and  almost  equals  it  in  extent, 
occupies  about  one-half  of  the  population.  There  are  also 
spinning-mills,  malleable-iron-works,  foundries,  dye-houses, 
and  soap-works,  and,  in  the  vicinity,  several  important  col- 
lieries.    Pop.  in  1881,  19,915;  in  1891,  22,365. 

Dungannon,  dun-gan'non,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Tyrone,  on  a  railway,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Armagh.  It 
consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  is  regularly  and  well 
built,  and  has  a  royal  school,  a  hospital,  branch  banks,  and 
manufactures  of  linen  and  earthenware.     Pop.  3886. 

Dungau'non,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
Hanover  township,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a 
convent  and  a  church.     Pop.  129. 

Dungan'non,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Nine  Mile  Creek,  13  miles  N.N.B.  d  Goderich.     Pop.  200. 


Dnn^gar'van,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Waterford,  on  the  Colligan,  near  its  month  in 
the  Bay  of  Dungarvan.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  ia  resorted  to 
for  sea-bathing.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  parish  church, 
4  Roman  Catholic  chapela,  a  convent,  a  castle  used  as  a 
barrack,  a  bridewell,  session -house,  steam  mill,  workhouse, 
and  market-house.     Pop.  of  town,  6520 ;  of  borough,  7719. 

Diin  gen,  diing'HQn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
West  Brabant,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  3881. 

Dungeness,  d&nj-niss',  a  headland  of  England,  form- 
ing the  S.  extremity  of  Kent,  and  projecting  into  the  Eng- 
lish Channel,  3^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lydd.  It  has  a  fort  and 
a  light-house. 

Dungiven,  dun-ghiv'§n,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  164 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Londonderry.     Pop.  775. 

Dun^glass',  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dumbarton,  projecting  into  the  Clyde.  Here  was 
the  W.  termination  of  the  walls  of  Antoninus,  which  is 
crowned  by  a  ruined  castle. 

Dnn  Glen,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Humboldt 
CO.,  Nevada,  10  miles  from  Mill  City.  Gold  and  silver  are 
mined  here. 

Dun^glow',  a  Tillage  of  Ireland,  co.  and  11^  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Donegal. 

Dunham,  dun'am,  a  station  in  De  Witt  co.,  HI.,  where 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Bailroad  crosses 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clinton. 

Dunham,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.     Pop.  999. 

Dunham,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  ^n 
the  Ohio  River,  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Marietta 
to  Belpre.     Pop.  755.     It  contains  Veto,  a  hamlet. 

Dunham,  or  Dunham  Flats,  a  village  in  Missis- 
quoi  CO.,  Quebec,  13  miles  E.  of  Stanbridge  Station,  and  56 
miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  several  stores,  hotels,  mills, 
and  factories.     Pop.  248. 

Dunham  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Nassau  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches 

Dunham's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Kingsbury  township,  on  the  Champlain  Canal,  and 
on  the  railroad  between  Saratoga  Springs  and  Whitehall,  2 
miles  E.  of  Sandy  Hill.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  a  boat-yard, 
and  21  families. 

Dunholme  and  Dunholmum.     See  Durham. 

Duni^res,  dii^ne-aife',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  672. 

Dunigan,  a  village  of  California.     See  Dunnigan. 

Dunk'ale  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Belair.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dunkanely,  a  village  of  Ireland.    See  Dukkineklt. 

Dunk'ard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Dunkard 
township,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  common  school.  The  township  has  4  churches.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Monongahela  River,  and  affords 
abundance  of  coal,  also  petroleum  and  rich  bituminous 
shale.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1366. 

Dunkard  Creek  rises  in  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va., 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Monongahela  River 
in  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Dunk'el,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Christian  co.,  HI., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  bi  miles  N.  of  Pana. 

Dunkeld,  diin-kSl',  a  burgh  of  barony  and  market- 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Perth, 
on  the  great  Ea^t  Pass  to  the  Highlands,  and  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Tay,  across  which  it  communicates  with  the 
suburb  Little  Dunkeld  by  a  bridge.  In  ancient  times 
Dunkeld  is  said  to  have  been  the  seat  of  the  Pictish  king? 
A  cell  of  Culdees  was  here  early  established,  and  in  113b 
was  made  the  seat  of  a  bishop.  Its  cathedral  was  built  in 
1330,  but  long  before  this  period  Dunkeld  was  celebrated 
in  ecclesiastical  annals.  Near  the  cathedral  stands  the  palace 
of  the  Dukes  of  Athol.     Pop.  783. 

Dunkerque,  the  French  name  of  Dunkirk. 

Dunkia,  or  Dankia,  diin'k^-a,  written  also  Don'- 
kiah,  an  immense  mountain  of  the  Himalaya,  near  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  boundary  between  Bootan  and  Sikkim.  It 
is  23,176  feet  high. 

Dun^kinee'ly,  or  Dnnkane'ly,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  3  miles  W.  of  Donegal,  N.E.  of  the  head  of  Mao- 
swine's  Bay. 

Dun'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  12 
mile?  S.E.  of  Winchester  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Dun'kirk  (Fr.  Dunkerque,  dfiN"^kaiRk' ;  Ger.  J)Unkir- 
chen,  diin^kSSR'K^n),  a  fortified  seaport  town,  and  the 
northernmost  of  France,  department  or  Nord,  on  the  Strait 
of  Dover,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lille,  and  45  miles  E.  of  Dover, 
at  the  junction  of  3  canals  and  of  several  railways.  It  oon- 
sista  of  three  parts, — the  town  proper,  the  lower  town,  and 


DUN 


1068 


DUN 


the  citadel.  It  has  a  town  hall,  theatre,  concert-hall,  sev- 
eral fine  churches,  a  lofty  belfry,  several  hospitals,  mili- 
tary and  civil  prisons,  barracks,  a  college,  a  public  library, 
soap-,  starch-,  and  iron- works,  ship-yards,  sugar- works, 
foundries,  distilleries,  oil-,  cotton-,  and  jute-mills,  a  heavy 
trade,  and  an  important  fishery.  It  has  2  harbors,  with  ex- 
tensive docks,  a  breakwater,  and  other  artificial  improve- 
ments. Pop.  in  1891,  39,498.  It  appears  to  have  become  a 
place  of  some  importance  in  the  tenth  century,  when  it 
was  first  surrounded  by  walls.  The  possession  of  it  was 
repeatedly  contested  by  the  Spaniards  and  French.  In 
1658  it  was  given  up  to  the  English,  in  whose  possession  it 
continued  till  1662,  when  Charles  II,  sold  it  to  Louis  XIV. 

Dnn'kirk)  a  post-village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  68  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Logansport,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Munoie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  a  bank,  a  window-glass  factory,  and  2  bottle-factories. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1024. 

Dunkirk,  Calvert  co.,  Md.    See  Smithvillb. 

Dunkirk,  a  port  of  entry  in  Dunkirk  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <t 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  48 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  and  460  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  York. 
The  Western  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad  terminates  at 
this  place,  which  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Dunkirk,  Alle- 
ghany Valley  &,  Pittsburg  Railroad,  extending  to  Titusville, 
Pa.  It  has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  with  wharves 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  numerous  steamboats  and 
sailing-vessels  that  ply  between  this  town  and  other  lake 
ports.  It  contains  a  large  opera-house,  2  banks,  10  churches, 
an  orphan  asylum,  a  monastery,  a  public  hall,  10  graded 
schools,  and  printiilg-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Here  are  extensive  warehouses  and  work- 
shops of  the  Erie  Railroad,  also  several  iron-works,  a  foun- 
dry, 1  or  more  lumber-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  agri- 
cultural implements.  The  Brooks  Locomotive  Works  of 
this  place  employ  about  1250  men.  An  electric-railroad 
connects  all  the  depots  with  Fredonia.  Dunkirk  is  supplied 
with  lake-water  by  the  Holly  Water- Works,  and  is  lighted 
with  gas._  Pop.  in  1880,  7248;  in  1S90,  9416. 

Dunkirk,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  in  Blanchard 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  E.  of  Lima,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of  Findlay. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflice,  a  graded 
school,  a  stone-ballast  works,  a  hub-,  spoke-,  and  handle- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  an  oil  refinery,  Ac.     Pop.  1220. 

Dunkirk,  a  township  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1406. 

Dunk'Iin,  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Castor  or  Little  River.  The  surface  is  low,  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests,  and  is  subject  to  inundation. 
The  soil  produces  some  Indian  corn,  grass,  Ac,  Capital, 
Kennett.  The  county  is  intersected  by  two  railroads. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5982;  in  1880,  9604;  in  1890,  15,085. 

Dunklin,  a  post-township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Dunkour,  or  Dankaur,  diin^kSwr',  a  town  of  India, 
district  of  Boolundshahur,  on  the  Jumna,  28  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Delhi,     Pop.  5423. 

Dunks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Brownsville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  saw-  and 
grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Dunkur,  dfin'kiiR\  a  village  of  India,  on  the  Spiti, 
near  the  Sutlej,  140  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Leh.  Lat.  32°  18' 
N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E. 

Dun'lap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  ni.,  on  the  Peoria 
A  Rock  Island  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Peoria.     Pop.  80. 

Dunlap,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  in  Har- 
rison township,  on  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  51  miles  N.N.E.  of  Omaha,  and  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Denison.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  money-order 
post-oflSce,  a  flouring-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  Here  are  a  large  hotel  and  fine  railroad  buildings, 
ftnd  the  place  has  a  heavy  trade.     Pop.  in  1890,  1088. 

Dunlap,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  is  near 
the  Neosho  River,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Council  Grove. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  408. 

Dunlap,  a  post-village  of  Ohio.     See  Georgetown. 

Dunlap,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Sequatchie  River,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Dun'Iapsville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  River,  about  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Dun^lav'in,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  8  miles 
N.  of  Baltinglass.     Pop.  651. 

Dnnleary,  a  former  name  of  EiMasTOWM,  Ireland. 


Dunleer',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Louth,  11  miles  b» 
rail  S.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  528, 

Dunleith,  Illinois.    See  East  Dubuqde. 

Dunleith,  dfin-leeth',  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Twelve  Pole  River,  about  7  miles  (direct)  N. 
by  W.  of  Wayne  Court-House,  and  14  miles  (direct)  W.S.W. 
of  Barboursville.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Dun-le-PalIeteau,diiip»-l§h-pftri9h-t5'(orpiirto'), 
a  town  of  France,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  1286. 

Dun-le>Roi,  diiNo-l§h-rw&  (anc.  Caa'trum  Du'nif),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Cher,  11  miles  N.  of  Saint-Amand, 
on  the  Auron.     Pop.  4357. 

Dun'lo,  a  post-office  of  Cambria  co..  Pa. 

Dunlop',  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ayr  and  Ren- 
frew, 7i  miles  N.E.  of  Irvine.     Pop.  380. 

Dun'low,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dun^man'ns  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Cork,  4  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance,  and 
stretching  inland  about  12  miles. 

Dunman'way,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  30  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Cork.     Pop.  2046. 

Dun'mor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muhlenberg  co.,  Ky.,  18 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Central  City,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.E. 
of  Greenville.  It  has  general  stores  and  other  business 
houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  82. 

Dun^more',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co,  and  7  miles  S.K 
of  Stirling. 

Dunmore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  7i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tuam.     Pop.  640. 

Dunmore,  or  East  Dunmore,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Waterford,  on  Waterford  harbor. 

Dun^more',  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Pittston,  and  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  in  the 
Lackawanna  Valley,  has  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  and 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  coal-business.  It  has  5  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  8315. 

Dunmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  oo.,  W.  Va.,  55 
miles  N.  of  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Dunmore  Town,  a  town  of  the  Bahamas,  finely  situ- 
ated on  Harbor  Island,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Eleuthera. 
It  has  a  large  trade  in  pine-apples.     Pop.  2500. 

Dun'mow,  or  Great  Dun'mow,atownof  England, 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Chelmer,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brain- 
tree.  The  town  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Roman  Cmsar- 
om'agug.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  market-cross,  a  workhouse, 
and  manufactures  of  sacking.     Pop.  of  parish,  2983. 

Dunmur'ry,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  the 
Qlenwater,  4J  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  504. 

Dunn,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chip- 
pewa and  Menomonee  (or  Red  Cedar)  Rivers,  which  unite 
m  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Hay  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  and 
sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  It 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha  Railroad, 
and  another  railroad.  Silurian  sandstone  lies  next  to  the 
surface.  Capital,  Menomonee.  Pop.  in  1870,  9488;  in  1880, 
16,817;  in  1890,  22,664. 

Dunn,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  near  Hampton 
Station,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sullivan. 

Dunn,  a  post-village  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  24  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  spirits  of  turpentine,  sash,  doors, 
and  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  419. 

Dunn  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y. 

Dunnegal,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Ringarsoa, 

Dnn'nell,  or  Lake  Fre^mont',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Martin  co.,  Minn.,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Windom.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Dunnell. 

Dun'net,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  on 
Dunnet  Bay,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Thurso. 

Dun'net  Head,  a  rocky  peninsula  of  Scotland,  form- 
ing the  N.  extremity  of  Great  Britain,  and  having  on  it  a 
light-house  340  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  58°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
3°  21'  W.     On  the  S.W.  side  is  the  inlet  of  Dunnet  Bay. 

Dunn'igan,  or  Dun'igan,  formerly  Antelope,  • 
post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  California  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Woodland.  It  has  3  stores,  i 
hotels,  a  public  hall,  and  about  25  houses. 

Dun'ning,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8i  miles  S.S.W 
of  Perth  by  railway.     Pop.  1213. 


DUN 


1069 


DUP 


Dun'niugf  or  Dun'nings,  a  post-village  of  Lacka- 
wanna CO.,  Pa.,  in  Roaring  Brook  township,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
8cranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  tannery,  3  steam  saw- 
mills, and  other  lumber-mills,  in  which  water-power  is  used. 
Dunniugen,  d6on'ning-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rottweil,     Pop.  1609. 

Dun'ning'Sy  a  station  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Dunning's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward  in 
Bedford  co.,  and  enters  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata 
at  the  borough  of  Bedford. 

Dnnning's  Creek,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Bedford  to  Mount  Dallas,  at  the  junction 
of  the  branch  extending  to  Holderbaum. 

Dnnning's  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  ridge 
in  the  north  part  of  Bedford  co.  and  the  south  part  of  Blair 
CO.  It  is  a  continuation  of  the  ridge  which  is  called  Bald 
Eagle  Mountain  in  Centre  co. 

Dun'ning  Street,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Malta  township,  2  miles  from  Round  Lake  Station.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Malta  Post-Office. 

Dun'ningsville,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
in  Nottingham  township,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Washington. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Dunningville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Allegan.     It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  160. 

Dun^nose',  a  lofty  headland  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  on 
its  S.E.  coast.     Lat.  50°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  11'  36"  W. 

Dun^not'tar,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kincardine, 
on  the  North  Sea,  and  comprising  the  town  of  Stonehaven. 
The  ruin  of  Dunnottar  Castle,  formerly  the  seat  of  the 
Keiths,  stands  on  a  perpendicular  rock  160  feet  above  the 
sea  and  almost  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  deep 
chasm.  The  castle  was  taken  in  1296  by  Wallace.  In 
1685  many  Covenanters  were  imprisoned  in  the  dungeons 
of  Dunnottar.     It  was  dismantled  after  1715. 

Dunn's,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  838. 
Dunn's  £ddy,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Oil  City  to  Irvine,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City. 
Dunn's  Landing,  Arkansas.     See  Askew. 
Dunn's  Rock,  a  township  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  420. 
Dunn's  Store,  a  post-oflSce  of  Caroline  oo.,  Va. 
Dunns'town,  a  village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  left 
or  N.  bank  of  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
li  miles  from  Lock  Haven.     It  has  a  church  and  2  large 
steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dnnns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  oo.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  N.  of  Knowersville  Station. 

Dunnsville,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Rappahannock,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  fruit-canning  factory. 

Dunn'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
from  McKinney  Station.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  mill, 
Dunnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chippewa  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Red  Cedar,  at  the  head 
of  steam  navigation,  12  miles  S.  of  Menomonee.  Many 
persons  are  employed  here  in  the  lumber-business. 

Dunnville,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  in  Monck  co., 
Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  40  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hamil- 
ton, and  50  miles  by  water  W.  by  N.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a 
branch  bank,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper, 
woollen-,  grist-,  saw-,  and  other  mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  large 
lumber-  and  grain-trade.     Pop.  1452. 

Dunois,  dii^nwi',  an  ancient  territory  of  France,  prov- 
ince of  Orl6annois  (Orl^annais),  now  forming  parts  of  the 
departments  of  Eure-et-Loir,  Loir-et-Cher,  and  Loiret. 

Dun^ol'ly,  a  ruined  castle  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
on  a  rock  forming  the  N.  point  of  Oban  Bay. 

Dun^ol'ly,  a  mining-borough  of  Gladstone  co.,  Victoria, 

Australia,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Castlemaine.     Pop.  1553. 

Dun^oon',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  on  the 

W,  side  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  7i  miles  W.  of  Greenock. 

It  is  a  favorite  watering-place.     Pop.  3756. 

Dunreath,  diin-reeth',  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo., 
Iowa,  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  500. 

Dnnreith,  dun-reeth',  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Spiceland  township,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  10  miles  by  rail 
8.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
aaw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  168. 

DnnVob'in  Castle,  Scotland,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dor- 
noch, is  a  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland. 

DunVoss'ness,  a  peninsula  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Shetland  mainland,  and  terminating  in  Sumburgh  Head. 


Dunse,  dunss,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwick,  on 

a  branch  railway,  13  miles  W.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed.  It 
has  a  town  hall,  subscription  and  other  libraries,  a  reading- 
room,  and  2  branch  banks.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the 
birthplace  of  Duns  Scotus.     Pop.  2618. 

Dunseith,  diin-seeth',  a  post-village  of  Rolette  co., 
N.D.,  20  miles  (direct)  S.W,  of  St.  John's.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  common  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  pottery.     Pop.  about  150. 

Dunshaughlin,  diln-shawH'lin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Meath,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Navan.     Pop.  362. 

Dun^shelt',  or  Daneshalt,  din-shSlt',  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Auchtermuchty, 

Dun^sinane',  or  Dnnsin'nan,  one  of  the  Sidlaw 
Hills,  in  Scotland,  co,  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Perth.  Eleva- 
tion, 1114  feet. 

Duns'fort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Big  Buffalo  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Dun^sinsk',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin  Castle,  near  Trinity  College  Observatory. 
Dunsmuir,  diinz'mure,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co., 
Cal.,  53  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Montague.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  railroad  repair-  and  machine-shops. 
Dun'stable,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles  by 
rail  S.S.W.  of  Bedford,  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Chiltern  Hills. 
The  town,  situated  among  chalk  downs,  consists  of  antique 
brick  houses,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  straw  hats, 
bonnets,  straw  plait,  and  whiting.     Pop.  4558. 

Dunstable,  dun'star-b'l,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dunstable 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Nashua,  N.H.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  <S;c.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  416. 

Dun^staflrnage,  an  ancient  royal  castle  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  on  Loch  Etive,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  Oban.  It 
belonged  to  the  Scottish  monarchs  in  early  times,  and  is  of 
unknown  antiquity. 

Dun'ster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  32 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Somerton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1156. 

Duns'ton,  or  Duns'ton  Cor'ners,  a  village  of 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in  Scarborough  township,  1  mile  from 
West  Scarborough  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high 
school.     Here  is  Scarborough  Post-Office. 

Dun-sur-Meuse,  diiH»-siiR-muz,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Mouse,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montm^dy,  on  the  Meuse. 
Pop.  927. 

Duntocher,  dun-tiK'^r  or  dun-tfin'^r,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Dumbarton,  8  miles  N.W.  by  W.  of  Glas- 
gow, with  cotton-factories  and  manufactures  of  agricultural 
implements,  Ac.  Pop.  1367. 
Dunton,  Illinois.  See  Arlington  Heights. 
Dun'tonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Edgefield  Court-House. 

DunUroon',  or  Bow'more,  or  Scotch  Corners, 
a  post-village  in  Simooe  oo.,  Ontario,  8  miles  S.  of  CoUing- 
wood.     Pop.  150. 

DunVeg'an,  a  bay  and  headland  of  Scotland,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Skye. 

Dunveg'an,  or  Ken'yon,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry 
CO.,  Ontario,  31  miles  N.  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  250. 

Dunvegan  Fort,  North-West  Territories,  Canada,  on 
Peace  River.     Lat.  56°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  117°  30'  W. 

Dunwich,  dun'ich,  a  decayed  borough  of  England,  oo. 
of  Suffolk,  on  the  North  Sea,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Ipswich. 
It  was  anciently  an  important  city,  the  capital  of  East 
Anglia,  but  has  been  almost  entirely  destroyed  by  inroads 
of  the  sea.     Pop.  of  parish,  234. 

Du  Page,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Du  Page 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Oats, 
hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Elgin, 
Joliet  &  Eastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Wheaton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,685;  in  1880,  19,161  ;  in  1890,  22,551. 

Du  Page,  a  post-township  of  Will  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Alton  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Des  Plaines  River.  Pop.  1264. 
Du  Page  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Du  Page  co.,  runs 
southward  in  Will  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Plaines  River 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Joliet.  It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 
Du  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mioh.,  in  Du 
Plain  township,  on  Maple  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  The  township  contains 
the  village  of  Elsie.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1773. 


DUP 


1070 


DUR 


Da^plain'ville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis. 

Dapliii)  du'plin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  828  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  N.E.  branch  of  Cape  Fear  River.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  moderately  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  sweet  potatoes,  tar,  and  turpen- 
tine are  staple  products.  The  western  portion  of  the  county 
is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon 
Railroad.  Capital,  Kenansville.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,542 ;  in 
1880,  18,733 ;  in  1890,  18,690. 

Duplin  Roads y  a  hamlet  in  Island  Creek  township, 
Duplin  CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad, 

36  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.     Pop.  about  100. 
Du^pont',  a  station  on  the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Dupont,  a  post-village  of  Clinch  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlan- 
tic &  Gulf  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Florida  division 
with  the  main  line,  131  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has 
3  or  4  stores  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  125. 

Dupont)  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lan- 
caster township,  on  the  JefFersonville,  Madison  Jfc  India- 
napolis Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Uupont)  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  about  19 
miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis. 

Dnpont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Delphos.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  stave-,  lumber-,  and  tile-mills.     Pop.  531. 

Dnpont)  a  post-township  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  about 

37  miles  N.W.  of  Appleton.     Pop.  1386. 

Duppan,  dSSp'pow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Aubaoh.     Pop.  1752. 

Dn'prees',  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
from  Drake's  Branch  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Duquesne)  du-kain',  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  now  the  8th  ward  of  Alleghany  City. 

Du  Quoin,  du  kwoin',  a  post- village  of  Perry  co..  III., 
in  Du  Quoin  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Riiilroad,  77 
miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  71  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  A  Terre 
Haute  Railroad.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  partly  from 
mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  has  2  banks,  a  graded  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry, 
and  salt-works.  Coal  is  mined  here  by  12  companies.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4052. 

Dur,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Door. 

Dura,  the  ancient  name  of  Iuam-Door. 

Durak,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Doorak. 

Durance,  dii^rftNSS'  (L.  Druen'tia),  a  river  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  France,  rises  near  Mont  GenSvre,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
and,  after  a  tortuous  S.W.  course  of  160  miles,  joins  the 
Rhone  3  miles  S.W.  of  Avignon. 

Durand,  du-rand',  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  oo., 
111.,  in  Durand  township,  18  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Free- 
port,  and  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
saw-mill,  a  creamery,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  489;  of  the  township,  1223. 

Durand,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Corunna.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  boat- 
oars,  mattresses,  and  steam-evaporators.     Pop.  255. 

Durand,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Chippewa  River,  about  18  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  29  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  high  school,  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
furniture,  lumber,  and  wooden-ware.     Pop.  in  1890,  1154. 

Durand  Station,  Illinois.    See  Durand. 

Durango,  doo-r&n'go  or  doo-ring'go,  a  town  of  Spain, 

frovince  of  Biscay,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Durango. 
t  has  a  hospital,  iron-works,  and  a  trade   in   chestnuts. 
Pop.  2619. 

Durango,  doo-r3,ng'go,  a  state  of  Mexico,  between 
lat.  23°  37'-27°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  102°  30'-t07°  17'  W., 
surrounded  by  Chihuahua,  Cohahuila,  Zacateeas,  Jalisco, 
Sonora,  and  Cinaloa.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  280 
miles ;  breadth,  150  miles ;  area,  42,498  square  miles.  It 
is  mostly  rocky  and  mountainous,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Sierra  Madre.  It  is  watered  by  only  a  few  streams,  the 
most  important  of  which  is  the  Rio  de  las  Nases,  which 
loses  itself  in  the  Lake  of  Cayman.  The  greater  part  of 
this  state  is  a  barren  and  irreclaimable  waste ;  but  there 
are  some  fine  meadows,  well  adapte>i  for  grazing,  and  along 
the  banks  of  the  streams  the  soil  is  rich  and  fertile,  pro- 


ducing in  abundance  corn,  maize,  rice,  and  other  cereals. 
Agriculture,  cattle-rearing,  and  working  the  gold,  silver, 
and  iron  in  the  mountains  are  the  chief  employments. 
Capital,  Durango.     Pop.  (1882)  196,852. 

Durango,  called  also  Guadiana,  gwi-de-B,'n4,  and 
Cindad  de  Victoria,  see-oo-d4d'  di  vik-to're-i,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  above  state,  7295  feet  above  sea- 
level.  Lat.  24°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  10.-}°  34'  37"  W.  It  is  pic- 
turesque, and  has  2  large  churches,  a  college,  a  hospital, 
convents,  a  mint,  numerous  woollen-  and  cotton-manufacto- 
ries, and  a  good  trade  in  cattle  and  leather.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see.  Iron-mines  are  wrought  in  the  vicinity.  It  was  founded 
about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.     Pop.  27,111. 

Durango,  du-ran'go,  a  post-village,  capital  of  La  Plata 
CO.,  Col.,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Silverton.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  and  smelting-works.    P.  2726. 

Durango,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Durango,  a  post-village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
(direct)  W.S.W,  of  Martin.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Duranius,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dordogne. 

DuVant',  a  post-office  and  station  in  the  Choctaw 
country,  Indian  Territory,  19  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Deni- 
son,  Tex.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dnrant,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  19  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  505. 

Durant,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Big 
Black  River,  59  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Jackson,  and  12 
miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  wagon-,  and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  1259. 

Durant's  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perquimans  co., 
N.C.,  on  Albemarle  Sound,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Hertford. 

Duras,  dii^WUs',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne, 
12  miles  N.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1663. 

Duras,  doo-ris',  or  Dras,  dris,  a  valley  of  Ladakh, 
lat.  34°  22'  N.,  Ion.  75°  30'  E.,  9000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Duras,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Durazzo. 

Duravel,  diiViVAl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  18  milei 
by  rail  W.  of  Cahors,  on  the  liOt.     Pop.  1848. 

Durazzano,  doo-rit-s4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Benevento,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  1830. 

Durazzo,  doo-r4t'so,  or  Duras,  doo-r&s'  (anc.  Epi- 
dam' nut;  afterwards  Dyrrha'chium),  a  fortified  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Albania,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  El-Bassan,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  about  7000.  It  has  an 
active  import  and  export  trade.  It  is  the  seat  of  Greek 
and  Catholic  archbishops.  The  ancient  Epidamnus,  a  col- 
ony of  Coroyreans,  was  the  chief  maritime  town  of  Illyria. 

Dnr^ban',  D'Ur^ban',  or  Port  Natal,  na-til',  a 
town  of  Africa,  in  Natal,  3  miles  by  rail  from  its  harbor,  on 
Port  Natal  Bay,  and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pietermaritzburg. 
It  is  the  chief  town  of  the  colony,  and  has  4  banks,  a  prison, 
several  schools,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  5581. 

Durban,  dSSR'b^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on 
the  S.E.  shore  of  Lake  Durben,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Libau 
Pop.  1500. 

Durbetum,  the  Latin  for  Dorpat. 

Durbin's  Corners,  Ohio.    See  West  Jbpperson. 

Durbungah,  or  Darbhanga,  dilr^bfin'ga,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  district  of  the  same  name,  on  the  state 
railway,  44  miles  N.  of  Barh.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  maha- 
rajah,  and  has  fine  public  buildings  and  several  great  tanks. 
It  is  a  thriving  place,  though  built  upon  low  and  almost 
swampy  ground.     Pop.  42,450. 

Durbungah,  or  Darbhanga,  a  district  of  Bengal,  » 
part  of  Tirhoot.  Lat.  25°  20'-26°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  30'-86° 
40'  E.  It  is  a  very  level,  fertile  district,  having  the  Ganges 
for  a  part  of  its  southern  boundary.  Area,  3874  squor* 
miles.     Capital,  Durbungah.     Pop.  1,621,816. 

Durbuy,  dEiR-boi'  (Fr.  pron.  diiR^bwee'),  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Luxembourg,  on  the  Ourthe,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Marche.     Pop.  700. 

Durcal,  dooR-kil',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  15 
miles  S.  of  Granada,  near  Mount  Sahor.     Pop.  2236. 

Durell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Standing  Stone. 

Diiren,  dii'r^n,  or  Mark-Duren,  maRK-dii'r^n  (anc. 
Marcodti'riim),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  an  important 
railway  junction,  18  miles  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the 
Ruhr.  It  has  a  blind  asylum,  numerous  churches,  a  female 
high  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cassimeres, 
cotton  goods,  nails,  cutlery,  needles,  linen,  felt,  zinc  sheets, 
iron  rails,  watches,  soap,  leather,  and  colored  silks.  In  its 
vicinity  are  oil-,  paper-,  and  wire-mills.  Diiren  is  of  Roman 
origin,  and  is  mentioned  by  Tacitus.     Pop.  16,000. 

Dar'gen*8  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co..  Mn- 


DUR 


1071 


DUR 


Durgerdam,  dQR^H^r-d&m',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
Umds,  oa  the  Y,  nearly  opposite  Amsterdam. 

Darham,  dur'am,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  England, 
having  E.  the  North  Sea.  The  surface  is  mountainous  in 
the  W.,  where  one  range  has  an  elevation  of  from  1000  to 
2196  feet,  whence  several  other  ranges  decline  towards  the 
coast.  The  river  Tees  forms  the  southern  boundary,  and  the 
Tyne  the  northern ;  the  other  rivers  are  the  Wear,  Skerne, 
and  Derwent.  The  western  part  of  the  county  consists  of 
mountain  limestone  rich  in  coal  and  lead  ore.  The  breed 
of  ghort-horned  cattle  raised  here  is  deservedly  famous. 
The  Durham  collieries  are  the  most  extensive  and  valuable 
in  the  kingdom ;  near  the  coast  are  numerous  coal-mines ; 
iron,  slate,  fire-clay,  grindstone,  marble,  and  fire-proof 
stone  are  also  important  products.  Durham,  as  a  county 
palatine,  was  formerly  under  the  sovereignty  of  its  bishop, 
most  of  whose  jurisdiction  has  now  merged  in  that  of  the 
crown.  Principal  towns,  Durham,  Sunderland,  Darlington, 
Gateshead,  South  Shields,  and  Stockton.  Area,  1012  square 
miles.     Capital,  Durham.     Pop.  in  1891,  1,016,449. 

Dur'ham,  formerly  Dun'holme  (L.  Dunel'mia,  Dun- 
el'inum,  or  Dunhol'nium),  a  city  of  England,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  nearly  in  its  centre,  at  the  junction  of  nu- 
merous railways,  14^  miles  S.  of  Newcastle.  It  has  an 
imposing  external  appearance,  its  cathedral  and  castle  oc- 
cupying the  summit  of  a  steep  rocky  eminence,  surrounded 
by  hanging  gardens  and  plantations,  and  nearly  encircled 
by  the  Wear,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and  beyond 
which,  on  either  side,  are  the  quarters  of  Framwellgate, 
Elvet,  Ac.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  1093,  and  one  of  the 
noblest  edifices  in  the  kingdom,  is  507  feet  in  length,  in- 
oluding  the  western  porch,  by  200  feet  in  its  greatest  breadth, 
and  has  a  central  tower  214  feet  in  height ;  it  is  chiefly  of 
massive  Norman  architecture,  and  has  the  tomb  of  St.  Cuth- 
bert,  the  chapel  of  the  Venerable  Bede,  a  fine  W.  front,  with 
a  Galilee  chapel,  and  two  richly  ornamented  towers  1 43  feet 
In  height.  The  see,  founded  near  the  end  of  the  tenth  cen- 
tury, was  long  the  richest  bishopric  in  England.  Adjoining 
the  cloisters  are  the  deanery,  library,  chapter-house,  preb- 
endal  college,  and  exchequer.  The  castle,  a  little  N.  of  the 
cathedral,  was  founded  by  William  the  Conqueror,  and  con- 
tains apartments  for  the  bishop,  but  is  otherwise  chiefly 
appropriated  to  the  university,  incorporated  in  1833,  and 
which  succeeded  one  existing  from  the  time  of  Cromwell  to 
the  Restoration.  There  is  a  college  called  Halfield  Hall,  in 
which  students  can  be  educated  on  much  cheaper  terms  than 
in  the  university.  An  additional  college,  on  terms  similar 
to  those  of  Halfield  Hall,  was  opened  in  1851.  Durham 
has  7  parish  churches,  Roman  Catholic  and  other  chapels,  a 
grammar-school  with  exhibitions  to  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
a  well-endowed  blue-coat  school  and  numerous  other  schools, 
an  infirmary,  almshouses,  and  many  other  charitable  insti- 
tutions, public  libraries,  and  assembly-rooms.  In  the  old 
town,  on  the  N.,  are  the  market-place,  theatre,  and  princi- 
pal shops ;  in  the  quarter  called  Elvet  are  the  county  jail 
and  the  court-house.     Pop.  in  1881, 14,932 ;  in  1891, 14,863. 

Durham,  diir'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co., 
Ark.,  in  the  valley  of  White  River,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  church  organizations,  and  grist-, 
saw-,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Darham,  a  post- village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Oroville. 

DurHaiTiy  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Durham  township,  3  miles  from  Middlefield  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  17  miles  N.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  contains 
3  churches,  the  Durham  Academy,  and  manufactures  of 
tinware  and  witch  hazel.     Pop.  of  the  township,  856. 

Durham,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  in  Durham 
township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  840. 

Durham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Albia,  Knoxville  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Knoxville.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  broom-factory. 

Durham,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Durham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  in 
Durham  township,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  3  miles  from 
Lisbon  Station,  and  about  10  miles  below  Lewiston.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes, 
and  a  cooperage.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1111. 

Durham,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  in  Highland 
township,  on  the  Middle  Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy, 
Missouri  A  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Quincy, 
111.     It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Durham,  a  post-village  of  Strafi"ord  co.,  N.H.,  in  Dur- 
ham township,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  bricks, 
and  a  saw-mill.    The  township  is  boanded  on  the  E.  by  the 


Piscataqua  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Lamprey  or  Oyster 
River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Durham,  a  post-village  of  Durham  township,  Greeae 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  600. 

Durham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Durham  co.,  N.C., 
26  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  13  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  2  colleges,  and  manufactures 
of  tobacco,  snuff,  cheroots,  cotton,  furniture,  marble,  gran- 
ite, knitted  goods,  Ac.  Pop.  5485.  General  Sherman  and 
General  Johnston  concluded  a  treaty  at  Durham  at  the  end 
of  the  civil  war.     Pop.  in  1890,  5485. 

Durham,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  10  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
mill,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Durham,  dtir'am,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Lake  Ontario.  Area,  642  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Midland  Railways.  Capital,  Port 
Hope.     Pop.  37,380. 

Durham,  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec.    See  Ormstows. 

Durham,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  8 
miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  180. 

Durham,  or  Ben'tinck,  a  post-vill^^e  in  Grey  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Saugeen  River,  17  miles  E.  of  Walkerton. 
It  has  good  water-power,  several  hotels,  a  printing-office 
issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  a  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  leather,  woollens,  wooden- 
ware,  Ac.     Pop.  1200. 

Durham  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn. 

Durham  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis. 

Durham  Park,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.  of  Abilene.  Here  is  a  farm,  called  Durham  Park, 
several  miles  in  extent,  celebrated  for  its  blooded  stock. 

Dur'hamville,  a  post-village  in  Verona  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  the  Erie  Canal,  and 
the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of 
Oneida,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Utica.  It  is  also  near  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  glass- 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  859,  of  whom  148  were  in  Madison  co. 

Durhamville,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
about  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
the  Lauderdale  Male  and  Female  Institute.    Pop.  150. 

Duria  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Dora  Baltea 

Duria  Minor,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Dora  Ripaira 

Durian,  dooVe-in'  or  doo-ri'an,  or  Dryon,  dri'on. 
Great  and  Little,  two  islands  at  the  S.E.  entrance  of  the 
Strait  of  Malacca.     Lat.  0°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  50'  E. 

Durian  Strait  lies  between  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra 
and  the  island  of  Lingen.     It  is  about  120  miles  in  length. 

Durinum,  or  Durini  Castra.    See  Dorchester. 

Durius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Douro. 

Diirkheim,  dilRk'hlme,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  Isenach,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Landau.  It  has  a  high 
school,  with  manufactures  of  tobacco,  oil,  glass,  cutlery,  and 
paper,  but  is  best  known  as  a  health-resort.     Pop.  5841. 

Dur'kin's,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Earns 
City  A  Butler  Railroad,  8  miles  from  Karns  City. 

Durlach,  d55R'l4K,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  on 
the  Pfinz,  with  a  station  3  miUs  by  railway  or  by  canal 
E.S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  It  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
Baden  margraves,  whose  castle  is  now  a  ruin,  in  the  gardens 
around  which  Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered.  It 
has  an  orphanage,  a  chalybeate  spring,  and  manufactures 
of  tobacco,  beer,  vinegar,  and  earthenwares.     Pop.  6782. 

Durlach,  diir'lak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  Clay  township,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  spokes  and  felloes. 

Durmri,  doorm'ree,  a  town  of  the  Shahabad  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  3561. 

Durn'ford,  a  river  of  Eastern  Africa,  coast  of  Zangue- 
bar,  falling  into  the  Indian  Ocean  in  lat.  1°  8'  S. 

Dfirnholz,  diiRn'h61t3,  a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Brunn,  on  the  Thaya.  It  has  an  old  castle  and  a 
hospital.     Pop.  2808. 

Durnovaria,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorchester. 

Diirnstein,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  DUrrenstkim. 

Diirnten,  diirn't^n,  Mittel,  mit't^l,  Ober,  o'b^r,  aua 
Unter,  SSn't^r  ("Middle,"  "Upper,"  and  "Lower"),  a 
scattered  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Zurich.     Pop.  2072. 

Duroc,  du-rok',  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Mo.,  on  Um 
Osage  River,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Sedalia. 

Durocasses,  the  ancient  name  of  Drecx. 

Dnrocatalaunum.    See  CHiLONs-scR-MARVB. 

Durocina,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorchester  (Oxford). 

Durocortorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Reims. 


DDR 


1072 


DUT 


DnrOTernuniy  the  ancient  name  of  Canterburt. 

Durra,  a  lake  of  Afghanistan.     See  Zurrab. 

Durrang'dra,  a  town  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  85  miles 
N.W.  of  Cambay. 

Diirrenberg,  dUR'R§n-bfiRQ\  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Merseburgj  has  salt  springs.    P.  350. 

Diirrenberg,  a  mountain  of  Upper  Austria,  near  the 
Salza,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hallein,  containing  mines  from 
which  many  tons  of  salt  are  raised  annually.  Near  it  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name,  with  a  pop.  of  688. 

Diirrenroth,  diiR'R9n-r6t\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bern,  in  an  elevated  and  pic- 
turesque locality.     Pop.  1450. 

Dtfrrensteiii)  dilR'RQn-stine^  orDiirnstein)  diiRn'- 
stine,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  3i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Krems,  with  the  castle  of  Narhemberg  and  an 
abbey  of  the  Augustines.  On  a  high  rock  near  the  town 
are  the  ruins  of  the  fortress  in  which  Richard  Coeur-de-Lion 
was  imprisoned  in  1192.     Pop.  694. 

Diirrheim)  dilR'hime,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Villingen.     Pop.  1115. 

Diirrmenz-Muhlacker,  dilR'mints-mU'l&k^k^r,  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  WUrtemberg,  on  the  Enz,  17  miles  W. 
of  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  2639. 

Durroo,  a  town  of  Cashmere.    See  Ldrroo. 

Dur'roW)  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Kilkenny  and  Queen's 
counties,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  956. 

Durrow'lee,  or  Darauli,  da-rdw'lee,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Sarun.  It  is  on  the  river 
Goggra.     Pop.  3338. 

Diirr-See^  dilR^si',  a  small  lake  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ion  and  37  miles  S.  of  Bern,  nearly  4000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Durruug,  or  Darang,  diirVilng',  written  alsoDeyh- 
rung,  di^rung',  and  Dorang,  dSr^ung',  a  district  of  India, 
in  Central  Assam.  Area,  3413  square  miles.  Capital,  Tez- 
poor.     Pop.  236,009. 

Dur'sey,  an  island  of  Ireland,  off  its  S.W.  extremity, 
between  the  estuary  of  the  Kenmare  and  Bantry  Bay. 

Durs'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  2413. 

Durtal)  dilRH&l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire, 
on  the  Loir,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  948. 

Durwaz,  or  Darwaz,  duR^wiz',  a  territory  of  Toor- 
kistan,  between  Budukbshan  and  the  Pameer  Mountains, 
intersected  by  lat.  38°  N.  and  Ion.  71°  E.  It  is  exceedingly 
mountainous,  and  can  only  be  traversed  by  footmen. 

Duryea^  diir-ya'  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Dusee,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.    See  Doostee. 

Dushak,  a  town  of  Seistan.     See  Jelalabad. 

Dushet,  doo^shdt',  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  Russia,  28 
miles  N.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  2525. 

Du^shore',  a  post-borough  of  Sullivan  oc,  Pa.,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Towanda,  and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  It  contains  4  churches,  5  hotels,  a  graded 
school,  a  large  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  783. 

Dusk'y  BaV)  a  large  inlet  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Middle 
Island,  New  Zealand,  lat.  45°  40'  S.,  Ion.  166°  20'  E.,  hav- 
ing in  it  Resolution  and  other  islands. 

Duspulla^  or  Daspalla,  dils-piil'la,  a  native  state  of 
Orissa,  India,  governed  by  a  rajah.  Area,  568  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Mahanuddy.  Pop.  34,805.  Capital, 
Duspulla,  a  small  town. 

Dus^8aun%  a  river  of  India,  has  its  sources  in  the  Vin- 
dhya  Mountains,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Betwah  in  lat.  25° 
45'  N.,  Ion.  79°  30'  E.     Entire  course,  about  ISO  miles. 

Dusseldorf)  diis's^l-dorf^  (Ger.  Duaaeldorf,  diis's^l- 
doRf^;  L.  Dusaeldor'Jium),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  is  beautifully 
situated,  among  villas  and  gardens,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Rhine,  at  the  influx  of  the  DUssel  (whence  its  name), 
21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cologne,  and  16  miles  W.  of  Elber- 
feld,  at  the  junction  of  many  railways.  It  is  generally  well 
built.  Near  the  river  and  quays  the  streets  are  full  of 
factories  and  warehouses,  but  beyond  these  are  many  hand- 
some streets  and  planted  squares.  Its  fortifications  were 
destroyed  by  the  French,  and  their  place  is  now  occupied 
by  publie  walks.  Principal  edifices,  the  castle  of  the  former 
Electors,  several  fine  churches,  a  town  hall,  large  barracks, 
a  synagogue,  and  a  mint.  Its  institutions  include  several 
hospitals,  an  academy  of  sciences,  originally  seated  at  Duis- 
burg,  a  famous  school  of  painting,  founded  in  1777  and 
entitled  the  "  Academy  of  Art,"  many  excellent  educational 
establishments,  an  observatory,  museums  and  art  collec- 
''ons,  and  a  home  for  friendless  children.     It  has  manufac- 


tures of  cottons,  carriages,  pianos,  castings,  sugar,  wine, 
beer,  spirits,  woollen  stuff^s,  carpets,  hosiery,  and  chemical 
products,  and  has  a  heavy  trade  by  rail  and  river.  The 
commerce  of  the  town  has  nearly  doubled  within  the  last  ten 
years.  It  was  raised  from  the  rank  of  a  village  to  that  of 
a  municipal  town  in  1288.  It  afterwards  became  the  capital 
of  the  duchy  of  Berg.   Pop.  in  1881,  95,498 ;  in  1S90, 144,6S2. 

Dusseldorf,  a  government  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  the  Netherlands.  The  surface  wholly  belongs 
to  the  basin  of  the  Rhine,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts.  Area,  2096  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1885, 
1,753,824. 

Dus'seraj  a  fortified  town  of  India,  province  of  Guzerat. 
Lat.  23°  16'  N.;  Ion.  71°  51'  E.     Pop.  6000. 

Dusslingeii)  ddos'ling-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  .5 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Tiibingen.     Pop.  2105. 

Dustee,  or  Dust,  Beloochistan.    See  Doostee. 

Dus'tin,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  33  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  O'Neill.     It  has  a  church. 

Dutch,  and  Dutchman.    See  Netherlands. 

Dutch  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Scott  co.,  runs  E.N.E., 
and  enters  the  Petit  Jean  River  at  Danville,  in  Yell  co. 

Dutch  Creek,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Dutch  Creek  township,  about  38  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Dutch  Kast  Indies,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  the 
Dutch  possessions  in  the  Malay  Archipelago.  See  Nether- 
lands  Indies. 

Dutch'ess,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering  on  Connecticut,  has  an  area  of  about  853  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and 
is  drained  by  Fishkill  River  and  Wappinger's  Creek.  The 
surface  is  partly  a  hilly  upland,  with  some  deep  ravines,  and 
the  Taghanio  Mountains  extend  along  its  eastern  border. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile  and  adapted  to  grazing.  Hay, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  supplies  large  quantities  of  milk  to 
the  market  of  New  York.  It  is  intersected  by  4  railroads, 
— the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River,  the  West  Shore, 
the  New  York  &  Massachusetts,  and  the  Central  New  Eng- 
land &  Western,  all  of  which  pass  through  Poughkeepsie, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Silurian  slate  crops  out  in  this 
county,  which  has  some  metamorphic  limestone  or  marble. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  elm, 
and  beech.  Pop.  in  1870,  74,041 ;  in  1875,  76,056 ;  in  1880, 
79,184;  in  1890,  77,879. 

Dutchess  Junction,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  at  the 
S.W.  terminus  of  the  Newburg,  Dutchess  &  Connecticut 
Railroad,  57  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  on  the  Hudson 
River,  opposite  Newburg,  and  has  manufactures  of  bricks 
Pop.  about  200. 

Dutch  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Placer  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Ilailroad,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
12  miles  E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
lumber-mill.  Gold  is  mined  here  by  water  brought  in  canals 
and  aqueducts.     Pop.  682. 

Dutch  Fork,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1352. 

Dutch  Gap  Canal,  in  Henrico  co.,  Ya.,  a  cut  acrosi 
the  isthmus  which  formerly  connected  Farrar's  Island,  in 
the  James  River,  with  the  mainland.  It  is  5  miles  below 
Richmond,  and  saves  about  7  miles  of  navigation  in  the 
passage  from  Richmond  to  City  Point.  It  was  constructed 
in  1864  by  the  United  States  troops,  for  military  purposes, 
but  was  not  rendered  serviceable  until  after  the  war. 

Dutch  Guiana,  ghe-4'ni,  a  Dutch  colony,  forming 
the  central  section  of  that  extensive  tract  called  Guiana, 
lying  in  the  N.E.  of  South  America,  having  British  Guiana 
W.,  French  Guiana  E.,  and  separated  from  Brazil  on  the 
S.  by  the  Acarai  range,  lying  between  lat.  1°  30'  and  6°  N., 
Ion.  53°  30'  and  57°  30'  W.  Its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  300 
miles,  and  its  extreme  breadth,  280  miles ;  area,  about  46,000 
English  square  miles.  Its  physical  character,  climate,  and 
productions  are  very  nearly  the  same  as  those  of  British 
Guiana.  A  range  of  mangrove-covered  swamps,  mud- 
banks,  and  sand-hills  extends  along  the  coast,  immediately 
behind  which  woody  screen,  and  along  the  banks  of  the  Su- 
rinam, lie  the  plantations.  The  coast  is  sinking,  the  town 
of  Nikarie,  built  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  century, 
having  already  partially  disappeared  under  the  sea.  Nine- 
tenths  of  the  interior  are  unsettled,  consisting  of  moist 
plains  and  dense  forests  intersected  by  brimming  rivers. 
The  hilly  districts  in  the  interior  and  S.,  held  by  the  Maroons, 
or  descendants  of  runaway  slaves,  are  wholly  uncultivated. 
The  rivers,  of  which  the  Surinam  is  the  principal,  all  fall 
into  the  Atlantic.  The  capital,  Paramaribo,  pop.  29,118. 
stands  10  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Surinam,  up  to  which, 
and  a  few  miles  above  it,  the  river  is  navigable.     The  laws. 


DDT 


1073 


DYE 


language,  coinage,  weights,  and  measures  are  all  Dutch. 
The  colony  is  divided  into  16  districts  and  numerous  com- 
munes, and  the  superior  executive  authority  is  vested  in  a 
council,  consisting  of  a  governor,  an  attorney-general,  and 
three  other  members,  all  nominated  by  the  king.  All  re- 
ligious persuasions  are  tolerated,  and  there  were  in  1891 
of  Reformed  and  Lutherans  8714;  Moravian  Brethren, 
27,440;  Roman  Catholics,  9614;  Jews,  1266;  Mohamme- 
dans, 1700;  Hindoos,  6020,  «kc.  There  were  19  public 
schools  with  2189  pupils,  and  26  private  schools  with  3903 
pupils.  The  Moravian  Brethren  and  Roman  Catholics 
have  also  normal  schools  for  training  teachers.  The  an- 
nual imports  are  worth  over  $1,600,000,  and  the  exports — 
consisting  chiefly  of  sugar,  molasses,  rum,  cofifee,  and  cotton 
—about  $1,200,000. 

Dutch  Island,  in  Narragansett  Bay,  R.I.  On  its  8. 
end  is  a  fixed  light,  lat.  41°  29'  N.,  Ion,  71°  24'  W. 

Dutch  Kills,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  Long  Island 
City,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  New  York 
City,  and  li  miles  N.E.  of  Hunter's  Point.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Dutch'man  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Dutch'man's  Creelc,  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  flows  S.E. 
into  the  Yadkin  River. 

Dutchman's  Creek,  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into 
the  Catawba  from  the  N.W. 

Dutchman's  Creek,  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  flows  into 
Wateree  River  from  the  right. 

Dutch  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
38  miles  N.  of  Van  Buren. 

Dutch  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  oo.,  N.J.,  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  2i  miles  from  Princeton  Junc- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Dutch  Settlement,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  from  Prospect.     It  has  a  church. 

Dutch'town,  a  post-office  of  Ascension  parish,  La. 

Dutchtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
6  miles  E,  of  Allenville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Dutch'ville,  a  post-township  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1752.     Tobacco  of  superior  quality  is  produced  here. 

Duthmela,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Dommel. 

Du  Toit's  Pan,  a  locality  in  Griqualand  West,  Cape 
Colony,  South  Africa,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bloemfontein. 
Many  diamonds  have  been  obtained  here. 

Dutteah,atownandrajahshipof  India.     See  Ditteah. 

Dut'ton,  a  post- village  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fernandina.  It  has 
a  church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  naval  stores. 

Dutton,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Brussels. 

Dut'tonville,  a  village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Caven- 
dish township,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  at  Cavendish  Station,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 
The  nearest  post-office  is  at  Cavendish. 

Duttweiler,  a  hamlet  of  Prussia.     See  Dudweiler. 

Dutzow,  doot'zow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Mo., 
near  the  Missouri  River,  and  about  48  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Duval,  du-vAl',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  St.  John's 
River,  which  is  here  wide  and  navigable.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  produces  maize,  sweet  potatoes, 
Bugar-cane,  <fco.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Florida  Central  <fc 
Peninsular,  Jacksonville  &  Atlantic,  Jacksonville,  Tampa 
4  Key  West,  and  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroads. 
Capital,  Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,921;  in  1880, 
19,431 ;  in  1890,  26,800. 

Duval,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
1760  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Concepcion  Creek  and 
several  small  affluents  of  Rio  Nueces,  which  touches  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  it  pro- 
duces pasture  for  sheep.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Mexican 
National  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  San  Diego,  the 
capital.    Pop.  in  1870,  1083;  in  1880,  5732;  in  1890,  7698. 

Duval,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  church. 

Dnvall's  Bluff.    See  Devall's  Bluff. 

Duval's  Landing,  Mississippi.    See  Ingouar. 

Duvania,  the  Latin  name  of  Douvaine. 

Dux,  or  Duchs,  d6Sx,  or  Duxow,  dSSx'ov,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Leitmeritz.  Its  castle  has  a  library  of  13,000  volumes,  a 
picture-gallery,  and  a  natural  history  cabinet.     Pop.  3301. 


Dux'bnry,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Duxbury  township,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  4  churches,  and  is 
partly  supported  by  fisheries.  It  contains  the  Partridge 
Academy.  The  township  contains  West  Duxbury  hamlet, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  1908.  Here  the  ocean  telegraph  from 
Brest,  in  France,  terminates. 

Duxbury,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.  Pop. 
893.  It  contains  Camel's  Hump  Mountain  (which  see), 
and  has  a  church.     See  North  Duxburt. 

Duxow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Dux. 

Duy's  (du'eez)  Lane,  a  station  within  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  the  Germantown  Railroad,  6^  miles 
N.  from  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia. 

Duytz,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Deutz. 

Dvina,  two  rivers  of  Russia.     See  DUna  and  Dwina. 

Dwaar's  (dw5rz)  Kill,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y. 

Dwalder,  dw&l'd^r,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Java,  near 
the  S.  entrance  to  Macassar  Strait.  Lat.  4°  12'  S. ;  Ion. 
116°  21'  E. 

Dwam'ish,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Dwamish  River,  of  Washington,  is  formed  by  the 
Green  and  White  Rivers,  which  unite  about  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Steilacoom.  It  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  Paget 
Sound  at  or  near  Seattle. 

Dwaraca,  DwdrakA,  dwi'ri-ki,  or  Dwar'ka, 
called  also  Jigat,  je-g&t',  a  maritime  town  of  India,  at  the 
western  extremity  of  the  Kattywar  peninsula.  Lat.  22°  14' 
N. ;  Ion.  68°  68'  E.  Here  is  a  temple  of  Krishna,  with  a 
pyramid  140  feet  in  height  and  resorted  to  annually  by 
15,000  pilgrims.  The  town,  enclosed  by  walls,  has  an  im- 
portant trade  in  chalk,  which,  having  a  high  sanctity,  is 
used  by  the  Brahmans  for  marking  their  foreheads. 

Dwars,  a  region  of  India.    See  Eastern  Dwars. 

Dwight,  dwit,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  74 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Bloom- 
ington,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Streator.  It  has  2  banks,  6 
churches,  5  large  warehouses,  2  good  hotels,  and  2  newspa- 
per offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1354;  of  the  township,  2174. 

Dwight,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  White  City.    It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  100. 

Dwight,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Neb. 

Dwight,  a  post-town  of  Richmond  co.,  N.D.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Wahpeton.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  714. 

DAVina,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  DWna. 

DAVina,  dwi'n&  or  dwee'n&,  Dvina  (Russ.  pron. 
dvee'nS,),  or  Northern  Dwina,  an  important  river  of 
Russia,  governments  of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  is  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Sookhona  (Sukhona)  and  Yoog, 
flows  N.W.,  and  enters  a  gulf  of  the  White  Sea  by  several 
mouths,  20  miles  below  Archangel.  Total  course  below  the 
confluence,  400  miles.  Chief  affluents,  the  Pinega,  Vaga, 
and  Emtza.  It  is  connected  through  the  Sookhona  with 
the  Neva  by  the  Loobinskee  (Lubinski)  Canal,  and  through 
the  Vichegda  with  the  Kama  and  Volga  by  the  Severnoi 
Canal.  Opposite  Archangel  it  is  4  miles  in  breadth;  and 
it  is  the  principal  channel  for  trade  between  Central  Russia 
and  the  White  Sea.     Drainage-area,  140,000  square  miles. 

Dwiugeloo,  dwing^H9-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Drenthe,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen.     Pop.  1756. 

Dworec,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Hof. 

Dyardanes,  an  ancient  name  of  Brahmapootra. 

Dy'as  Creek,  a  station  in  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Dy'berry,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  is  inter- 
sected by  Dyberry  Creek.  It  contains  the  village  of  Beth- 
any, and  a  hamlet  named  Dyberry,  which  is  5  miles  N.  of 
Honesdale.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  1196. 

Dyberry  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearly  south 
ward,  in  Wayne  co.,  and  enters  Lackawaxen  Creek  at  or 
near  Honesdale. 

Dyche's  (di'chez)  Store,  post-office,  Loudon  oo.,  Tenn. 

Dyckesville  (dika'vil),  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  oo., 
Wis.,  on  Green  Bay,  20  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 

Dy'cusburg,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paducah. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Much  prod- 
uce is  shipped  here. 

Dy'er,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  ha?  an  area  of  about 
495  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  is  intersected  by  the  Obion  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Forked  Deer  River,  the  North  and  South 
Forks  of  which  unite  near  Dyersburg.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber,  in- 
cluding white  oak,  walnut,  and  poplar  or  tulip-tree;  th« 


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soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  pork,  lumber,  and 
tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Newport  News  <fc  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which 
communicates  with  Dyersburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,706;  in  1880,  15,118;  in  1890,  19,878. 

Dyer,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  3  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Van  Buren.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Dyer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  31  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Joliet,  111.  It  has  2  churches,  public  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  wooden  shoes.     Pop.  about  450. 

Dyer,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co,,  Tenn.,  on  the  S. 
branch  of  Obion  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad, 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and 
2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  606. 

Dyer  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me. 

Dyer's  Bay  extends  into  Steuben  township,  in  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.     Depth,  4  or  5  fathoms. 

Dy'ersburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  River,  76  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  banks,  an  academy, 
a  high  school,  machine-shops,  cotton-compress,  spoke-  and 
stave-factories,  saw-  and  planing-mills.    Pop.  in  1890,  2009. 

Dyersbnrg  Landing,  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  is  a 
shipping-point  on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Obion  River. 

Dyer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Va. 

Dy'ersviHe,  a  post- village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  in 
New  Vienna  township,  on  Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Du- 
buque <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  998. 

Dy'erville,  a  hamlet  of  Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  <fc  Springfield  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Prov- 
idence.    Pop.  120. 

Dyffryn  Clydach,  djfrin  klid'ak,  a  village  of  Wales, 
00.  of  Glamorgan,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Neath,     Pop.  1137, 

Dyhernfurth,  dee'h4rn-f3SRt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  18  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1543. 

Dykeman's,  dik'manz,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co., 
N.Y,,  on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  55  miles  from  New  York. 

Dykes,  diks,  a  post-office  of  Texas  oo..  Mo. 

Dyke's  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Rome  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Rome,  Ga. 

Dykes  Store,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 


Dyle,  or  Dyl,  dil,  a  river  of  Belgium,  provinces  of 
South  Brabant  and  Antwerp,  after  a  N.  and  W.  course  of 
50  miles,  joins  the  Nethe  to  form  the  Rupel,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Mechlin.     Chief  affluent,  the  Demer. 

Dy'mond  City,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Jamesville  &  Washington  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  James- 
ville.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  120. 

Dynov,  din'ov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  17  miles 
N.  of  Sanok,  on  the  San.     Pop.  2539. 

Dyrrhachium,  an  ancient  name  of  Durazzo. 

Dysart,  di'zart,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Burntisland,  It  consists  of  several  narrow  thorough- 
fares meeting  in  a  central  open  space ;  the  High  street  is 
lined  with  substantial  antique  houses.  On  its  W.  side  is 
Dysart  House,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Rosslyn.  It  has 
manufactures  of  ticking  and  checks,  finx-spinning,  and  a 
trade  in  coal  and  building-stone.  It  has  also  ship-yardi 
and  a  wet-dock.     Pop.  2476. 

Dy'sart,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  16  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Vinton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  grain-elevator,  a  lumber-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  775. 

Dy'son's,  a  post-office  of  Ohio,  is  at  Point  Plkasant. 

Dysortville,  or  Dysartsville,  di'sort-vil,  a  po»» 
township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  767, 

Dyvi,  a  river  of  Wales.     See  Dovr. 

Dzaisang,  a  lake  of  Toorkistan.     See  Zaisan. 

Dzanbo,  Dzanvo,  or  Dzangbo.  See  San-Poo. 

Dzaoudzi,  dz4*oodV-ee',  a  French  village,  capital  of 
the  colony  of  Mayotte,  on  the  islet  of  Dzaoudzi,  which  it 
separatefl  from  the  island  of  Mayotte  by  a  narrow  strait. 

I>ziaIo8Zice,  dze-&-lo-sheet'8&,  written  also  D^alo- 
schizy,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  36  milea  S.S.W. 
of  Kielce,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  4167. 

Dzialoszyn,  dze-4-lo8h'in  ?  a  town  of  Poland,  provinc»« 
and  57  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  3200. 

Dziangnamring,  dze-S,ng'n&mVing,  a  town  of  Thibet. 
150  miles  W.  of  Lassa. 

Dzitovo,  dze-to'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  97  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grodno. 

DzinziloV,  dzyoo-zee'lov  or  dzyoo-zee-lov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Podolia,  70  miles  E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  1500. 

Dzoongaria,  or  Dzonngaria.    See  Soongaria. 

Dzwinogrod,  dz<^ee'no-grod,  a  town  of  Austria  in 
Galioia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Kamienieo.     Pop.  1380 


E. 


Ea,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ee. 

!Eads,  eedz,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co..  Col.,  28  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Sheridan  Lake.  It  has  a  church  organization 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  164. 

Eagan,  or  Egan,  e'g%n,  a  township  of  Dakota  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  743. 

Eagle,  e'g'I,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.    Pop.  2368. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.    Pop.  2108.    It  contains  the  town  of  Columbia. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1982,  in- 
cluding Zionsville. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  693. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  oo.,  Kansas,  bounded 
S.W.  by  the  Arkansas  River.     Pop.  642. 

Eagle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Eagle 
township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  17 
miles  W,  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
washing-machine  factory.     Pop.  141, 

Eagle,  a  village  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  24  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Leon,  Iowa,  and  about  75  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop,  about  450. 

Eagle,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  16  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  common  schools,  <fec.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eagle,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y,,  in  Eagle  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  on  the  Rochester 
i,  State  Line  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Gainesville.  Pop. 
about  110 ;  of  the  township,  1131, 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Brown  co,,  0,     Pop,  1220. 


Eagle,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  traversed  by  lh« 
Lake  Erie  A  Louisville  Railroad.     Pop.  1330. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  681. 

Eagle,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  15  milef 
W.  of  West  Philadelphia.    Sec  Spread  Eagle. 

Eagle,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Pa. 

Eagle,  township,  Richland  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1185.  It  i« 
drained  by  Eagle  River,  and  bounded  S.  by  the  Wisconsin. 

Eagle,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  in  Eagle 
township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  and  a  parochial  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  500  ;  of  the  township,  1020. 

Eagle,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Newbury.  It  contains  a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  a 
store,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Eagle  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Toddco.,  Minn. 

Eagle  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex. 

Eagle  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hoosic  township,  on  the  Hoosic  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal  Company  and  Fitchburg  Railroads, 
23i  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Cambridge, 
It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  and  flour-  and  feed-,  gri?t-, 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  10,471. 

Eagle  Cliff,  a  post- village  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  has  several  stores,  and 
other  business  houses. 

Eagle  Cliff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wahkiakum  co.,  Was 
ington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  26  miles  below  Kala 
Here  are  3  salmon-canneries,  employing  about  500  men 


1 


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Eagle  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  oo.,  Wis., 
5  miles  from  Muscoda,  and  about  64  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

£agle  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  runs  southward  in  Bradley 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Saline  River  2  or  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Eagle  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Boone  co.,  and, 
flowing  nearly  S.,  enters  the  White  River  4  miles  below  In- 
dianapolis.    It  affords  unfailing  water-power. 

Eagle  Creek,  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  runs  southwestward, 
and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  3  miles  below  Ripley. 

Eagle  Creek,  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  flows  into  Blan- 
rthard's  Fork  at  Findlay. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Gallatin  co..  111. 
Eagle  Creek,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
S.  by  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  737. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop.  743,  exclusive  of  Shako- 
pee  City. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon, 
10  miles  E.  of  Oregon  City,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Clackamas. 
It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill. 
Eagle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 
Eagle  Ford,  a  small  post- village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Dallas. 
Eagle  Foun'dry,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 
Eagle  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 
Eagle  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga. 
Eagle  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Clarion,  and  19  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Fort  Dodge.     It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  cigars.     Pop.  1881. 

Eagle  Grove,  a  station  in  Galveston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Houston  <fc  Henderson  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Galveston. 

Eagle  Har'bor,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Superior,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Calumet,  and  about  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Houghton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  is  the  shipping-port  for  2  copper-mines.     Pop.  100. 

Eagle  Harbor,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albion.  It  has  2 
churches,  flour-  and  custom-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
barrels,  churns,  washing-machines,  harrows,  Ac.  Pop.  315. 
Eaglehawk,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  Ben- 
digo  CO.,  105  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  has  gold-mines. 
Pop.  6590. 

Eagle  Head,  a  village  in  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  7 
miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  150. 
Eagle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Ark. 
Eagle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 
Eagle  Hill,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Eagle 
Hill  Branch,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville.    At  Eagle  Hill 
there  are  productive  mines  of  anthracite  coal.     These  are 
aome  2  miles  N.  of  the  junction. 

agle  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Ireland.    See  Achill. 
agle  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co..  Mo.,  in  Penob- 
t  Bay.     Pop.  30. 
Eagle  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co.,  111.,  about  35 
miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Eagle  Lake,  a  plantation  in  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Kent.  Pop.  143.  It  contains  one  of  the 
chain  of  Eagle  Lakes. 

Eagle  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Le  Ray  township,  Blue 
Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Mankato.  It 
has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  church.  Pop.  about  300. 
Eagle  Lake,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  CO.,  Minn.  P.  385. 
Eagle  Lake,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Colorado 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  Eagle  Lake,  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 
ginning-mills,  and  general  business  houses.     Pop.  769. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Marquette  oo.,  Mich., 
on  the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
pig-iron. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  hoe-factory. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Iredell 
00.,  N.C.,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Statesville.   It  has  2  churches, 
a  ootton-mill,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  tobacco-factories.    P.  1090. 
Eagle  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vijaton  co.,  0.,  in  Eagle 
township,  about   15   miles    E.   of  Chillicothe.      It   has   a 
flouring-mill. 
Eagle  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va. 
Eagle  Mountain,  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Down,  is 
one  of  the  highest  of  the  Mourne  Mountains. 


Ed-gle  Pass,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Maverick  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  centre  of  a  bituminous 
coal  region,  169  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  5  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  public  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  ice,  bricks,  saddlery,  &o.  Pop. 
about  3500. 

Eagle  Peak,  a  hamlet  of  Burrillville  township,  Prov- 
idence CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  35. 

Eagle  Point,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Polo,  and  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Dixon.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  599. 

Eagle  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon, 
15  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  district  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Eagle  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
N.  of  Kutztown.     It  has  a  coach-factory. 

Eagleport,  ee'g'1-port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of 
McConnellsville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Eagle  Rapids,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Solomon  River,  55  miles  from  Russell  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Eagle  River,  of  Colorado,  rises  near  Mount  Arkansas, 
runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Grand  River.  It  is 
about  60  miles  long. 

Eagle  River,  of  Kentucky,  rises  in  Scott  co.,  and  runs 
northward  to  Gallatin  co.  It  subsequently  flows  nearly 
southwestward,  forms  the  N.W.  boundary  of  Owen  co.,  and 
enters  the  Kentucky  River  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Eagle  River,  of  Wisconsin,  runs  southward  in  BuS'alo 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  3  miles  above 
Fountain  City. 

Eagle  River,  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  runs  southward 
into  the  Wisconsin  River.     It  is  about  30  miles  long. 

Eagle  River,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Keweenaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  in  Houghton  township,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Houghton,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Calumet. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  the  safety  blasting-fuse  and  pot- 
ash.    Copper  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Eagle  River  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  about  7 

miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Arkansas.     It  has  an  altitude  of 

12,648  feet.     Lat.  about  39°  27'  N. 

Eagle  Rock,  Bingham  co.,  Idaho.    See  Idaho  Falls. 

Eagle   Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  10 

miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cassville. 

Eagle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  seminary  or  high  school. 

Eagle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &.  BuS'alo  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagles,  ee'grz,or  Eaglesfield,  ee'gl'z-feeld,  a  station 
in  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail 
road,  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Eagle  Salt-Works,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Churchill  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.  of  Wadsworth.     Salt  is  manufactured  here. 

Eaglesham,  ee'g'lz-am,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Renfrew,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  1230. 

Eagleshay,  ee'g'1-shi,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  1 
mile  E.  of  Ronsay.     Length,  2i  miles.     Pop.  163. 

Eagle's  Mere,  meer,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  Laporte.  It  is 
on  a  beautiful  little  lake,  is  nearly  2000  feet  above  the  tide, 
and  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  100. 

Eagle's  Nest,  a  rock  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  between 
the  Upper  and  Middle  Lakes  of  Killarney,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Killarney.  It  is  a  perpendicular  crag,  1300  feet  in  height. 
Eagle  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  1 
mile  from  Leon  River,  and  26  miles  S.W.  of  Waco.  It  has 
a  church,  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Eagle  Station,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  is 
on  or  near  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville  A  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagle  Tail,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Wallace. 

Eagle  Tan'nery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn., 
45  miles  N.  of  Florence,  Ala.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Eagleton,  ee'g'I-t^n,  a  station  in  Clifiton  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Lock 
Haven.     Coal-beds  exist  in  the  vicinity. 

Eagleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  on 
O'Neill's  Creek,  8  miles  N.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese-factorj',  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Eagletown,  ee'g'l-t6wn,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  Ind.,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Noblesvillo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  dr»in-tile  works. 


EAG 


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EAS 


Eagle  Town,  a  post-office  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory. 

Eagle  VaI'ley,  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  is  a  fertile  valley  in 
Concord  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Zumbro  River. 

Eagle  Yil'lage,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Manilas  township,  2  miles  from  Manlius  Station. 

Eagle  Village,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
23  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church, 
a  union  school,  a  cheese-factory,  washing-machine  and 
broom-handle  factories,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  cider-mills. 

Eagleville,  ee'g'1-vil,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal., 
150  miles  from  Reno,  Nev.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Willimantic.     It  has  a  cotton-factory. 

Eagleville,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  contigu- 
ous to  Jeffersonville.    It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  woollen-mills. 

Eagleville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Bethany.  It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  305. 

Eagleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Eagleville,  a  borough  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  Marsh 
Greek,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  i  mile  from  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Beech  Creek.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  and  2  cigar- 
factories.     Post-office,  Blanchard. 

Eagleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  CoUegeville,  and  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Norris- 
town.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eagleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  27  miles  S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagleville,  Wisconsin.    See  Eagle. 

Eaglewood,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  containing 
Long  Beach  Island,  Beach  Haven,  and  West  Creek. 

Eaheinomauwe,  e-&-bi-no-mdw'wee,  the  native  name 
of  the  most  northern  of  the  two  great  islands  of  New  Zea- 
land (which  see). 

Eakin,  a'kin,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Eakle's  (ee'klz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Ealan-na-Coomb,  i'lan-na-koom,  an  islet  of  Soot- 
! md,  oflf  the  coast  of  Sutherland. 

Ealing,  ee'ling,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  9  miles  AV.  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  London.     Pop.  9959. 

Eanc6,  &^&N<>^s&',  a  village  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  lUe-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  1138. 

Eanes'  (eenz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Bruns- 
wick CO.,  Va. 

Eap,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Epe. 

Earl,  ^rl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  about 
28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  several  general  stores. 

Earl,  a  post-office  of  Callaway  co..  Mo. 

Earl,  a  post-village  of  Frontier  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Stookville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Earl,  apost-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Benton  town- 
ship, on  Seneca  Lake,  and  on  the  Syracuse,  Geneva  &  Corn- 
ing Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Geneva.    Grain  is  shipped  here. 

Earl,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2308.  It 
contains  the  hamlet  qf  Earlville. 

Earl,  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  3678,  in- 
eluding  New  Holland  and  other  villages. 

Earl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Washington,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Sprague,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Earle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  in  Scott 
township,  9  or  10  miles  N.E.  of  Evans ville. 

Earless,  ^rlz,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Greenville. 

Earleton,  9rl't9n,  a  post-office  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Gtalveston  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  Humboldt. 

Earleville,  ^rl'vil,  a  post-office  of  Cecil  co.,  Md. 

Earleville,  Berks  co.,  Pa.     See  Earlville. 

Earley,  ^r'lee,  a  station  in  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Evansville,  Terre  Haute  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 
of  Terre  Haute. 

Earley,  a  post- village  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in  Fox  township, 
on  the  Daguscahonda  Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Earleysville,  ^r'liz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle 
00.,  Va.,  12  miles  N.  of  Charlottesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Earlham,  ^rl'ham,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles 


W.  by  S.  from  Des  Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  302. 

Earling,  ^rl'ing,  a  post- village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  46 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Council  BluflFs.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  350. 

Earlington,  f  rl'ing-tgn,  a  post- village  of  Hopkins  oo., 
Ky.,  4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Madisonville.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  railroad  repair-shops,  and  manufactures 
of  coke  and  wine.     Here  are  coal-mines.     Pop.  1748. 

Earl  (9rl)  Park,  a  post- village  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  35 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches, 
a  tile-factory,  and  a  park  of  40  acres. 

Earlsferry,  §rlz'f4r-ree,  a  decayed  burgh  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  1  mile  W.  of  Elie. 

Earl'ston,  or  Ercildoune,  ^r'sil-doon  (formerly 
Ercildoun),  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwick,  6i  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lander.  It  has  an  academy,  library,  and  savings- 
bank,  and  was  the  birthplace  of  Thomas  the  Rhymer. 

Earlville,  ^rl'vll,  a  post- village  of  La  Salle  co..  III.,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railroads,  32  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Princeton.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  carriages.     Pop.  1058. 

Earlville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  37  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  569. 

Earlville,  a  post-rillage  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Chenango  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cheese-factory, 
wagon-works,  a  furniture-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  636. 

Earlville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Earlville,.  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Early,  ^r'lee,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  429  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Chattahoochee 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Colamoka  and  Spring  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
yellow  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad  and  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  the  latter  passing  through  Blakely, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6998;  in  1880, 
7611;  in  1890,  9792. 

Early,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sao  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Boyer  Valley 
township,  12  miles  from  Odebolt  Railroad  Station. 

Early  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beaufort.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  2  large  saw-mills.  Pin» 
timber  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  250. 

Early  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Moscow,  Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Earn,  a  river  of  Scotland,  issuing  from  Loch  Earn, 
flows  E.  through  the  rich  valley  of  Strathearn,  and  joint 
the  Tay,  after  a  course  of  30  miles,  near  Abernethy.  On  it 
is  Bridge  of  Earn,  a  watering-place,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Perth. 

Earps'borough,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Easdale,  or  Eisdale,  eez'd&l,  a  small  island  of  the 
Hebrides,  in  Argyllshire,  noted  for  its  slate-quarries,  which 
have  been  wrought  since  1631. 

Eas'ingwold,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  North  Riding,  12i  miles  N.N.W.  of  York.  Pop.  2153. 
It  has  an  endowed  school,  a  workhouse,  and  3  branch  banks. 

Easkey,  ais'kee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co. 
of  Roscommon,  19i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sligo. 

Easley,  eez'lee,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-seed  oil- 
mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  421. 

Easonville,  ee'sgn-vil,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Ala.,  22  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Ashville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber-  and  shingle-factory. 

East  Abington,  Massachusetts,  now  Rockland. 

East'a  Bo'ga,  or  East'abog,  a  post-village  of  Tal- 
ladega CO.,  Ala.,  12  miles  N.  of  Talladega.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

East  Ac'worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
in  Acworth,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  a  manufactory  of  handles  for  forks,  hoes,  Ac. 

East  Alabam'a,  or  Wheat'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Gen- 
esee CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Batavia. 

East  Albany,  New  York.    See  Gbeenbush. 

East  Albany,  awl'ba-ne,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  oo., 
Vt.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

East  Alburg,  awl'burg,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Isle 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Burlington. 


EAS 


1077 


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East  Al'len,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 

1180,  exclusive  of  Bath. 

East  Alli'ancCy  a  village  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0,,  con- 
tiguous to  Alliance,  Stark  co.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  2 
railroads.     Pop.  288. 

Eastaloe,  eest-al'o,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  of  Eastaloe  township,  1099. 

East  Alstead)  al'sted,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  oo., 
N.H.,  in  Alstead  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Keene.  It 
\jas  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

East  Alton,  awl'tpn,  a  hamlet  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 
in  Alton  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Alton  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

East  Amherst)  am'^rst,  a  post-oflBce  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Canandaigua  <fc  Niagara  Railroad,  9J  miles  E.  of 
Tonawanda. 

East  Am 'well,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.  N.J. 
Pop.  1807.     It  contains  Clover  Hill,  Ringoes,  and  "Wertsville. 

East  An'dover,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H., 
in  Andover  township,  on  the  Northern  New  Hampshire 
Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery. 

East^anol'lee,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

East  Arcade',  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Arcade  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Arcade  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Ar'lington,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  on  the  Battenkill  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  brush-handles,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  ArHhabas'ka,  or  Saint  Norbert,  sis"  noB^- 
baiK',  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Stanfold.  It  has  a  trade  in  lumber  and  pot-  and  pearl- 
ashes,  and  contains  saw-,  flour-,  and  carding-mills.    P.  450. 

East  Ash'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

East  Ash'land,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  11  miles 
from  Grand  Gorge  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Atch'ison,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church, 
public  schools,  packing-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  about  496. 

East'atoe,  township,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C.     P.  626. 

Eastatoe,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  in  Eastatoe 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1117. 

East  Auburn,  aw'bum,  a  post-village  of  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  3  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Auburn,  of  which  it 
forms  a  part.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Aurora,  Illinois.     See  Aurora. 

East  Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  2  or  3 
churches,  the  Aurora  Academy,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1582. 

East  A'von,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Geneseo.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  washing-machines,  pumps,  and  spring-beds. 

East  Aylmer,  Canada.    See  Aylmer. 

East  Bain'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 

2  miles  from  Sidney  Plains. 

East  Bald' win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
on  Saco  River,  about  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

East  Ban'gor,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

East  Bangor,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  marble  and  roofing- 
slate.     Pop.  in  1890,  804. 

East  Bar'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Barnard  township,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland. 

East  Bar'rington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co., 
N.H.,  in  Barrington  township,  on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua 
Railroad,  at  Barrington  Station,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  basket-factory. 

East  Batavia,  Illinois.    See  Batavia. 

East  Baton  Rouge,  bat'9n  roozh,  a  parish  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Amite  River,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
level  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  cypress,  live-oak,  pine,  walnut,  and 
magnolia  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Baton 
Rouge.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  & 
Texas  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,816;  in  1880,  19,966; 
in  1890,  25,922. 

East  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  oo.,  Mich., 

3  miles  E.  of  Traverse  City. 


East  Bay  (North  Side),  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape  Breton 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N.  side  of  East  Bay,  23  miles  S.W. 
of  Sydney.     Pop.  100. 

East  Bay  (South  Side),  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.  side  of  East  Bay,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Sydney.     Pop.  125. 

East  BearRiver,  a  township  of  Yuba  CO.,  Cal.    P.  603. 

East  Beaver,  bee'v^r,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  628. 

East  Beek'mantown,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg. 

East  BeI'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in 
Belmont  township,  4i  miles  S.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  barrel- 
factory. 

East  Bend,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  Hi.     P.  643. 

East  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  111. 

East  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  10  miles  from  Aurora,  Ind.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  plough-factory. 

East  Bena,  a  post-borough  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  12 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Yadkinville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  canned  goods, 
tobacco,  &o.     Pop.  about  450. 

East  Ben'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  in 
Benton  township,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Clinton  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  lumber-mills. 

East  Benton,  a  post-office  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa. 

East  Berk'ley,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  On- 
telaunee  township,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.  of  Reading.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lime. 

East  Berkshire,  bgrk'shir,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  2J  miles  from  Berkshire.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

East  Berkshire,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  24  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  St. 
Albans.  It  has  2  churches,  a  district  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  horse-power  churns,  separators,  Ac. 

East  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
about  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  manufactory  of  tinners'  tools. 

East  Berlin,  a  post-borough  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Conewago  Creek,  21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It 
has  3  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  sev- 
eral flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  brushes, 
hay-forks,  bricks,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  595. 

East  Ber^nard',  a  post-village  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex  , 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  32 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels. 

East  Berne,  bem,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Berne  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Beth'any,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bethany  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Beth'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Bethel  township,  on  the  Second  Branch  of  White  River, 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

East  Beth'lehem,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  16  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.  In  the  vicinity  are  extensive 
beds  of  bituminous  coal,  limestone,  salt-wells,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  200  ;  of  East  Bethlehem  township,  1757. 

East  Bill  erica,  bll'l^r-ik-a,  a  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Billerica  township,  on  the  Boston,  Lowell 
A  Nashua  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory,  a  machine-shop,  Ac 

East  Bir'mingham,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  adjoining  Birmingham, 
and  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  9488. 

East  Black'stone,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Blackstone  township,  on  the  New  York  A  New 
England  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  cotton-mills. 

East  Bloom'field,  a  post- village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  8  miles  W. 
of  Canandaigua.  It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  carriage-factory. 

East  Blue  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo..  Me., 
in  Blue  Hill  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Bucksport.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  granite.  It  has  a 
good  harbor. 

East  Booth'bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wiscasset.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  fish  oil.  Ship-building 
is  earried  on  here. 

East  Bos'ton,  Suffolk  oo.,  Mass.,  is  on  Noddle's  Island. 


£AS 


W^ 


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in  Boston  Harbor.  It  has  stations  on  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad,  and  the  Grand 
Junction  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Boston  by  horse- 
railroads  and  ferries.  It  is  the  seat  of  extensive  manu- 
factures. East  Boston  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston 
post-office. 

£ast  Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Sullivan  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  about 
17  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Sastbournej  eest'bilrn,  a  town  and  watering-place  of 
England,  on  the  coast  of  Sussex,  6^^  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hail- 
sham,  and  66  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  London.  The  town 
has  a  theatre,  a  ball-room,  a  pier,  a  library,  a  chalybeate 
spring,  and  an  excellent  beach  for  bathing.  In  its  vicinity 
is  Beachy  Head.     Pop.  in  1881,  22,014;  in  1891,  34,977. 

East  Bowdoinham,  bo'd^n-am,  a  post-office  of  Sag- 
adahoc CO.,  Me. 

£ast  Boy 'er,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Iowa.    P.  686. 

East  Brad'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  eo.,  Me., 
in  Bradford  township,  4  miles  W.  of  South  La  Grange  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  tannery. 

£ast  Bradford,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.  P.  1043. 

East  Bra'dy,  a  post-borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
nearly  opposite  Brady's  Bend,  and  about  40  miles  direct  or 
68  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  lamp  black.  Coal 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1228. 

East  Brain'tree,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
in  Braintree  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  manu- 
factures of  crash,  twine,  webbing,  and  punches  for  railroad- 
conductors. 

East  Branch,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  72  miles  N.W. 
of  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 
It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  River. 

East  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

East  Bran'dywine,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Downingtown  to  Waynes- 
burg.     Pop.  1011.     It  contains  Guthrieville. 

East  Brew'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Brewster  township,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  91  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2 
churches. 

East  Bridgeton,  brij'ton,  a  station  in  Cumberland 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Bridgeton. 

East  Bridge'water,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  Taunton  River, 
on  the  Abington  &  Bridgewater  Railroad,  and  near  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail- 
factory,  a  brass-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  cotton-gin.", 
«hoes,  and  bricks.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  2710;  in 
1890,  2911. 

East  Bridgewater,  post-office,  Susquehanna  co..  Pa. 

East  Bright'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Island  Pond.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

East  Brim'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Brimfield  township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church. 

East  Broad  Top,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 

East  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.  Pop. 
of  East  Brook  township,  246. 

East  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  the  Western  New  York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  on 
which  is  East  Brook  Station,  6  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  144. 

East  Brook'field,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Brookfield  township,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  and 
on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton, at  the  junction  of  the  North  Brookfield  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  foundry,  a  tool-factory,  and  manufiictures 
of  cotton  goods,  machinery,  flour,  Ac. 

East  Brookfield,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Vt. 

East  Brook'lyn,  a  village  of  Windham  oo.,  Conn., 
about  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Quinebaug  Cotton-Mills. 

East  Brown'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me., 
in  Brownfield  township,  on  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland. 

East  Bruns'wick,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
contiguous  to  the  city  of  New  Brunswick,  and  bounded 
E.  by  the  navigable  South  River,  and  N.  by  the  Raritan. 


Pop.  2861.     It  contains  Washington,  Old  Bridge,  Spots*! 
wood,  and  a  part  of  Milltown. 

East  Brunswick,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.] 
Pop.  1661.     It  contains  Drehersville,  Ringgold,  &c. 

East  Bucks'port,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me. 

East  Buffalo,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  oo.,3 
N.Y.,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bufi"alo,  on  the  Erie,  Grandj 
Trunk,  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western,  New  York  Cen^ 
tral  &  Hudson  River,  and  other  railroads. 

East  Buffalo,  a  township  of  Union  co..  Pa.    Pot 
1011,  exclusive  of  Lewisburg. 

East  Burke,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  oq 
the  Passumpsic  River,  about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  JohnsJ 
burj'.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Bur'lington,  or  Car'thage  Junc'tion, 
station  in  Henderson  co.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  Rivejj 
opposite  Burlington,  Iowa.  Here  the  Chicago,  Burlington  i" 
Quincy  Railroad  connects  with  its  Carthage  &  Quincy  Brancli 
and  with  a  branch  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad 
A  railway -bridge  here  crosses  the  Mississippi. 

East  Burlington,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co..  111. 

East  Cab'ot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  ii 
Cabot  township,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

East  Cad'do,  a  post-office  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex. 

East  Calais,  kal'is,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Calais  township,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  MoutpelierJ 
It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

East  Calder,  kaw'd^r,  an  ancient  rectory  and  villi 
of  Scotland,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  589. 

East  Cain,  kaln,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.  Poi 
1309,  exclusive  of  Downingtown. 

East  Cambridge,  kam'brlj,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  i 
suburb  of  Boston,  is  on  the  Boston  &  Lowell  Railroad,  aai 
is  connected  with  Boston  by  several  bridges  and  by  lines  o^ 
street  railroads.     East  Cambridge  is  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Cambridge,  and  is  the  seat  of  large  manufactures  and  of 
heavy  lumber-trade.     It  has  2  national  banks,  a  savings 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  church  organs,  furniture,  brushe 
rubber  goods,  &e.     The  Middlesex  county  court-house  an^ 
house  of  correction  are  situated  here.     Its  post-office  is 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

East  Cambridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.J 
on  the  Lamoille  River,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington] 

East  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  thi 
Hudson  River,  1  mile  from  Germantown  Station. 

East  Campbell,  kam'^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  oo., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  N.  of  Cooper's  Plains.     It  has  a  lumber-mil' 

East  Canaan,  ka'nan,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  coJ 
Conn.,  52  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  churcli 
a  public  school,  3  blast-furnaces,  and  a  marble-quarry. 

East  Canaan,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
Canaan  township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  50  miles  N.Wl 
of  Concord.     It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  ana 
lumber-mill.     The  name  of  the  station  is  Canaan ;  the  post 
office  is  East  Canaan. 

East  Can'ada  Creek,  of  New  York,  rises  in  Hamiltoij 
CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  forms  the  boundary  betwee 
Fulton  and  Herkimer  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  Rive 
about  6  miles  below  Little  Falls. 

East  Can'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  il 
Canton  township,  3  miles  E.  of  Canton  Station.     It  has 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

East  Cape,  New  Zealand.     See  Cape  Wai-Apoo. 

East  Cape,  Madagascar.     See  Cape  East. 

East  Cape  (Russ.  Shookotskoi  or  Schukotskoi,  sho»J 
kot'skoy'),  the  E.  point  of  Asia,  on  Behring's  Strait.    La' 
66°  6'  N.;  Ion.  169°  50'  W. 

East  Cape  Girardeau,  a  post-office  of  Alexande 
CO.,  111. 

East  Carl'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Orleans  o*J 
N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  " 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Car'mel,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0. 

East  Carondelet,  ka-ron'd§-la,  a  post-village  of 
Clair  CO.,  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  opposii 
Carondelet,  about  6  miles  by  rail  below  East  St.  Louis, 
has  2  churches,  and  the  Meier  Iron  and  Steel  Works,  whio 
are  said  to  have  a  capital  of  $3,000,000.  The  machine 
shops  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  are  located  here. 

East  Car'roll,  a  parish  forming  the  N.E.  extremit; 
of  Louisiana,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  Rive 
and  drained  by  the  Tensas  and  Bayou  Macon,  the  latt 
forming  its  western  boundary.  The  surface  is  extensivel] 
covered  with  forests  of  ash,  cypress,  gum,  &c. ;  the  soil 
fertile.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product.  Capital,  Lake  Pro^ 
idenoe.  Area,  400  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1880, 12,133  ;  ' 
1890,  12,362. 


EAS 


1079 


EAS 


East  Castle  Rock,  a  post-offico  of  Dakota  cc,  Minn. 

East  Chain  Lake8,apost-office.of  Martin  oo.,  Minn., 
near  several  small  lakes.     P.  of  East  Chain  township,  135. 

East  Chariton.    See  Chauiton  River. 

East  Charlemont,  char'l§-inont,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co..  Mass.,  in  Charlemont  township,  on  the  Deer- 
field  River,  21  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  North  Adams.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Station,  Buckland. 

East  Charleston,  charlz't9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga 
CO..  Pa.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Wellsborough. 

East  Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
in  Charleston  township,  on  the  Clyde  River,  about  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
ftarch-factory. 

East  Charlotte,  shar'l9t,  post-oflSce,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt. 

East  Chatham,  chat' am,  a  post-village  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Chatham  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

East  Chatham,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa. 

East  ChatUanoo'ga,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tenn.,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  curtain-poles, 
atoves,  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

East  Ches'ter,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Warwick  Valley  Railroad,  55  miles  by  rail  from  New  York. 

East  Chester,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  H  niiles  from  Mount  Ver- 
non Station,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.  It 
las  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

East  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Que- 
liec,  17  miles  E.  of  Arthabaska.     Pop.  150. 

East  Chi'na,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
ihe  river  St.  Clair.     Pop.  232. 

East  Claremont,  klair'mont,  a  post-offioe  of  Dodge 
00.,  Minn. 

East  Clar'ence,  a  post-office  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
)  ailroad  between  Batavia  and  Tonawanda,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
3uflFalo. 

East  Clar'endon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
und  a  station  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

East  Clar'idon,  a  post-village  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  on 
Ihe  Painesville  <fc  Youngstown  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Ohardon,  and  35  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Clarks'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0., 
about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Cleve'laud,  formerly  Collamer,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  East  Cleveland  township,  about 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  "  Nickel  Plate,"  and  by  electric  street  railroads.  It  has 
3  churches.  East  Cleveland  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the 
Cleveland  post  office.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road.   Pop.  of  village  about  3500 ;  of  township  (1890)  5773. 

East  Clifton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Compton.     Pop.  100. 

East  Clin'ton,  a  station  in  Whiteside  oo..  111.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  and  Western  Union  Railroads,  opposite  Clinton, 
Iowa,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railroad  bridge. 

East  Coaltown,  Scotland.    See  Coaltown. 

East  Cobleskill,  kob'l'z-kll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Cobleskill  township,  2  miles  from  Howe's 
Cave.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Cocal'ico,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1992,  exclusive  of  Adamstown. 

East  Coldenham,kol'd9n-h^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  Or- 
ange CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  distillery. 

East  Concord,  kong'kprd,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Merrimao  River, 
and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal  Railroad,  2  miles 
above  the  city  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Concord  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
a  church. 

East  Concord,  a  post-hamlot  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Concord  township,  on  the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
18  miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber. 

.  East  Con'emaugh,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
in  Taylor  township,  near  the  former  borough  of  Conemaugh. 
It  has  furnaces  for  the  manufacture  of  spiegeleisen.  Pop. 
about  1500.     See  Conemaugh. 

East  Con'stable,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Malone.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
•Urch-factories,  2  sash-  and  blind-factories,  Ac.    Pop.  600. 


East  Con'way,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.H. 

East  Cor'inth,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  oo..  Me.,  in 
Corinth  township,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

East  Corinth  (local  pron.  k5-rinth'),  a  post-village 
of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Corinth  township,  on  Wait's  River, 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  carriage-factory,  and  about  40  houses. 

East  Corn'wall,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn. 

East  Cov'entry,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Schuylkill.     Pop.  1318.     It  contains  Lawrenceville. 

East  Coventry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Barton  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  at  Coventry 
Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Newport. 

East  Crafts'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  carriage-shop. 

East  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Cape  May.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  East  Canada  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  67  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany. 

East  Cum'minsville,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  6  miles  from 
Cincinnati. 

East  Dayton,  da'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  oo., 
Mich.,  18  miles  E.  of  Vas?ar.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  district  school.     Pop.  100. 

East  Dedham,or  Mill  Village,  a  village  of  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Dcdham  township,  at  Walnut  Hill  Station,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Boston  A  Providence  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  woollen-factories. 

East  Deer,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
•Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad. 
Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1390. 

East  Deer'ing,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo..  Me., 
in  Deering  township,  on  Casco  Bay,  1  mile  from  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  ship- 
yards, iron-works,  Ac. 

East  Deering,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  oo., 
N.H.,  in  Deering  township,  7  miles  S.W.  of  North  Weare. 
It  has  a  church. 

East  De  Kalb,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
2i  miles  from  De  Kalb  Junction.  It  has  4  houses  and  2 
churches. 

East  DePavan',  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis., 
6  miles  S.  of  Elkhorn,  and  1  mile  from  Delavan  Lake.  It 
has  a  church. 

East  Den'mark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Denmark  township,  6i  miles  from  Brownfield  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  5  houses. 

East  Den'nis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
in  Dennis  township,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  barrel-factory. 

East  (or  Market)  Dere'ham,  a  town  of  England, 
in  Norfolk,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Norwich.     Pop.  3689. 

East  Der'ry,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  Derry  township,  2i  miles  from  Derry  Station,  and  about 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  an  academy,  a  pnblie 
library,  a  town  hall,  and  a  church. 

East  Dick'inson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.T., 
in  Dickinson  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Brushton  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  starch-factory. 

East  Dim'ock,  a  hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Montrose. 

East  Dix'field,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  3^ 
miles  from  North  Jay  Station,  and  about  36  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Augusta.  It  is  partly  in  Wilton  township.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  common  school. 

East  Dix'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
in  Dixmont  township,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  a  church. 

East  Donegal,  don^e-gawl',  a  township  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna.     Pop.  3334. 

East  Dor'set,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
26  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rutland.  It  is  at  the  base  of  Dorset 
Mountain,  and  has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  3  marble- 
mills,  and  4  quarries.     Pop.  about  800. 

East  Douglas,  diig'lass,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  46  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  10  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Blackstone.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  common  school,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  axes,  and  edge-tools.     Pop.  about  2000. 

East  Do'ver,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  oa 
the  Eangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  2i  miles  E.  of  Dorer. 


EAS 


1080 


EAS 


East  Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Dubuque,  du-buk',  an  incorporated  post-village 
of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Galena,  and 
2  miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  with  which  city  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  wagon-  and  a  railroad-bridge.  It  has  2  churches, 
public  schools,  a  bank,  a  grain-elevator,  a  box-factory,  a 
planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  seed-drills  and  cultiva- 
tors.    Pop.  in  1890,  1069. 

East  Dunmore,  Ireland.    See  Dunmore. 

East  Durham,  dur'am,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
N.Y.,  near  the  Catskill  Mountains,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Eagle,  ee'g'I,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

East  E'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  convent  and  a  church. 

East  El'ba,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

East  El'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Elma 
township,  near  Buffalo  Creek,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
falo.   It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store.    P.  112. 

East  Elmi'ra,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Chemung  co., 
N.Y.,  2  miles  E.  of  Elmira. 

East  End,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  3 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  E'nosburg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
2  miles  E.  of  Enosburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  saw-  and  sbingle-mills. 

East  En'terprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co., 
Ind.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Easter  Island,  Teapy  (tee'pee)  Island,  or  Waihu, 
wrhoo',  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  in  lat.  27°  6'  S.,  Ion.  109° 
17'  W.,  about  2300  miles  W.  of  the  coast  of  Chili.  It  is 
small  and  of  volcanic  origin,  and  rises  1200  feet  in  elevation. 
It  is  the  easternmost  inhabited  Polynesian  island,  and  is 
remarkable  for  its  ancient  gigantic  statues. 

East'ern,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  111.  Pop.  1015. 
It  contains  Akin. 

Eastern  Archipelago.    See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Eastern  Dwars  (or  Duars,  doo-arz',  i.e.,  "passes"), 
a  tract  of  land  in  Bengal,  in  the  foot-hills  of  Goalpara  dis- 
trict, on  the  borders  of  Bootan,  which  ceded  these  tracts  in 
1865  to  the  British  Indian  government,  together  with  a 
region  called  the  Western  or  Bengal  Dwars.  Pop.  of  East- 
ern Dwars,  about  40,000.  The  Eastern  Dwars  are  also 
called  the  Assam  Dwars. 

East'ern  (or  Gloucester)  Point,  at  the  entrance  of 
Cape  Ann  harbor,  Mass.  Lat.  42°  34'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  39'  W. 

Eastern  Roumelia,  roo-mee'l^-q,,  late  a  Turkish 
tributary  province,  bounded  N.  by  the  Balkans,  E.  by  the 
Black  Sea,  S.  and  S.W.  by  Roumelia  (the  Rhodope  Moun- 
tains extending  on  the  S.W.  frontier),  and  N.W.  by  Bul- 
garia. Area,  13,663  square  miles.  It  was  created  by  the 
Congress  of  Berlin  in  1878,  and  was  made  autonomic,  though 
a  part  of  Turkey,  and  was  placed  under  a  Christian  gov- 
ernor-general. In  1885  a  revolution  occurred,  and  the 
province  was  declared  a  part  of  Bulgaria,  under  the  name 
of  South  Bulgaria.  Chief  towns,  Boorghas,  Philippopolis, 
Kasanlik,  Eskee-Sara,  and  Selimno.     Pop.  975,000. 

East  Ev'ans,  a jpost-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bufialo,  and  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  100. 

East  Ex'eter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Corinna  Station.  It  has  a  cheese-factory 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

East  Fair'field,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at 
Pishon's  Ferry  Station. 

East  FairAeld,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0., 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  Fairfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
French  Creek,  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Meadville  to 
Franklin.     Pop.  572,  exclusive  of  Cochranton. 

East  Fairfield,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  St. 
Johnsbury.  It  has  3  churches,  a  district  school,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber,  wagons,  &c.     Pop.  about  600. 

East  Fal'iowfield,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1291.  It  contains  McWilliamstown,  Humphreyville, 
Ercildoun,  Doe  Run,  Youngsburg,  and  Modena.  It  has 
important  manufactures  of  paper. 

East  Fallowfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1167.     It  contains  Evansburg. 

East  Falls  Church,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 


the  Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 
See  Falls  Church.   ' 

East  Falmouth,  fSl'mJith,  a  post-village  of  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  in  Falmouth  township,  about  22  miles  E. 
by  S.  from  New  Bedford,  and  1  mile  from  the  ocean.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

East  Farm'ington,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis 

East  Farnham,  farn'§.m,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Southeastern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Rich- 
ford,  Vt.,  and  51  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

East  Feliciana,  fe-lis-se-ah'n^,  a  parish  in  the  E. 
part  of  Louisiana,  bordering  on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of 
about  485  square  miles.  The  Mississippi  River  touches  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  this  parish,  which  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Amite  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  <fc  Texas 
Railroad.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,499;  in  1880, 
15,132;  in  1890,  17,903. 

East  Fin'ley,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1186. 

East  Fish'kill,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  East  Fishkill  township,  2  miles  from  Hopewell  Junction 
Station,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  New  l?ork.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  an  iron-mine.  The  township  contains  ham- 
lets named  Stormville  and  Johnsville,  and  a  pop.  of  2488. 

East  Flan'ders  (Fr.  Flandre  Orientale,  fl5.\d'r  o're- 
6N»Hil'),  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  the  Nether- 
lands. Area,  1158  square  miles.  The  surface  forms  an  ex- 
tensive plain,  belonging  to  the  basin  of  the  Scheldt,  which, 
with  its  tributaries,  and  canals  connected  with  them,  furnishes 
ample  water  communication.  Its  soil,  partly  of  a  sandy 
and  partly  of  a  clayey  texture,  is  so  industriously  and  skil- 
fully cultivated  that  it  has  the  appearance  of  a  vast  garden, 
and  presents  one  of  the  richest  rural  landscapes  which  any- 
where exists.  The  principal  crops  are  wheat  and  flax. 
Manufactures  have  made  great  progress,  and  all  the  ordi- 
nary as  well  as  the  fine  tissues  of  wool,  cotton,  and  flax  are 
largely  produced.     Capital,  Ghent.     Pop.  (1892)  961,907. 

East  Fletch'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Fletcher  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
at  Fletcher  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Flor'ence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, 2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Florenceville.    See  Florenceville  East. 

East'ford,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Eastford  township,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  a  creamery,  a  saw-mill,  a  wood- 
turning  mill,  and  manufactures  of  stocking-yarn.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  561. 

East  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  Scott  River,  80  miles  from  Redding. 

East  Fork,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Vandalia.    It  contains  3  churches.    P.  2190. 

East  Fork,  a  post- village  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Edmonton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  saw- 
and  gristmills.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

East  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

East  Fork  of  Trinity.     See  Bois  d'Arc  River. 

East  Fox'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  oo., 
Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Frampton,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Malachie. 

East  Frank'fort,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Ilion.     It  has  about  30  houses. 

East  Franklin,  N.H.    See  Franklin  Falls. 

East  Frank'lin,  a  township  of  Armstrong  oo.,  Pa., 
bounded  E.  by  the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  1451. 

East  Franklin,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Mt.  Eagle  Branch  of  the  Mine  Hill  &  Schuylkill  Haven 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Tremont. 

East  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
17  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  6  miles  N.  of  East  Frank- 
lin Station  of  the  Eastern  division  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

East  Free'dom,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  about  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  There  are  3  iron- 
furnaces  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  Free'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
in  Freetown  township,  1  mile  from  the  New  Bedford  * 
Taunton  Railroad,  and  10  miles  N.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has 
2  churches. 


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EAS 


£ast  Freetown,  a  post-office  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Fre^mont',  a  post-office  of  Sanilac  oc,  Mich. 

Fast  Friend'ship,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  sea. 

Fast  Friesland,  freez'lg,nd,  a  district  of  Prussia, 
forming  the  northwesternmost  angle  of  Hanover  and  of 
the  German  empire,  and  now  constituting  the  Innddvostei  oi 
Aurieh.  Area,  1153  square  miles.  Much  of  it  is  diked  to 
exclude  the  water ;  and  the  district  includes  several  islands 
in  the  North  Sea.  The  Frisian  language  is  here  spoken  to 
some  extent.  Capital,  Aurieh.  Pop.  189,345.  The  East 
Friesland  of  history  once  included  a  much  larger  tract  in 
the  Netherlands  and  in  the^N.W.  of  Germany. 

Fast  Fryeburg,  fri'biirg,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co.,  Me. 

Fast  Gaines,  ganz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y., 
\\  miles  from  East  Carlton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Fast  Gainesville,  ganz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Silver  Lake  Railroad,  and  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line 
Railroad,  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  from  Silver 
Lake.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Fast  Gale'na,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  con- 
tiguous to  Galena.     Pop.  856. 

Fast  Gal'latin,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana. 

Fast  Galway,gawl'wa,  or  Yorks  Corners,  a  post- 
village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Albanj'.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fast  Genoa,  je-no'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

Fast  Georgia,  jor'je-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  in  Georgia  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burlington.     It  has  a  church. 

Fast  Ger'inan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
about  26  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Binghamton. 

Fast  Ger'mantown,  a  post-village  of  AYayne  co., 
Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Martindale  Fork  of  the 
Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Richmond  with  Indianapolis,  about  12  miles  AV.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factorj'.     Pop.  536. 

Fast  Gib'son,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Fast  Gil'ead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Coldwater.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fast  Glastenbury,  glas'sen-b?r-re,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in  Glastenbury  township,  10  or  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  2  paper-mills,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  granite-quarry. 

East  Glenelg,  Ontario.     See  Markdale. 

East  Glen'ville,  a  post-office  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Golden,  gold'en,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
10  miles  S.  of  Pentwater.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Fast  Go'shen,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.    P.  684. 

East  Grafton,  a  hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  1  mile 
from  Grafton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  2  cider- 
mills,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop,  about  150. 

East  Gran'by,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
in  East  Granby  township,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Hartford.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  661. 

East  Grand  Forks,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn., 
Smiles  by  rail  E.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  2  breweries,  3  newspaper  offices,  &c.     Pop.  795. 

East  Granger,  gram'j^r,  a  post-office  in  Granger 
township,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Gran'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Granville  township,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1880,  579. 

East  Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Granville  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Montpelier  Junction.  It  has  a  lumber- 
milL     Pop.  about  50. 

East  Green'bush,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co„ 
N.Y.,  in  East  Greenbush  township,  about  7  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Albany.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2067. 

East  Greene,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  Pa. 

East  Greens'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt.,  2  miles  from  Greensborough  Bend.    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Greens'bnrg,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Greensburg. 

East  Green'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in 
Tuscarawas  townshij),  5  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  a 
church. 

Fast  Greenville,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Pa.,  in  Upper  Hanover  township,  on  the  Perkiomen  Rail- 
road, 1 9  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  national 
G9 


bank,  a  graded  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  cigars  and  cigar-boxes.     Pop.  539. 

East  Green'AVich,  a  post-bamlet  of  Washington  eo., 
N.Y.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  is  4^  miles  W. 
of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  cider-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

East  Greenwich,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kent  co., 
R.I.,  is  in  East  Greenwich  township,  on  the  W.  side  of  Nar- 
ragansett  Bay,  and  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.  of  Providence,  and  14  miles  by  water  N.N.W. 
of  Newport.  It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  and  bleach-works. 
Here  is  a  Methodist  school  called  the  East  Greenwich  Acad- 
emy. The  township  has  10  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
shijp,  3127;  of  the  village,  about  2801. 

East  Green'wood,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich. 

Fast  Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

East  Grin'stead,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
Sussex,  on  a  railway,  26  miles  S.  of  London.  It  has  a 
grammar-school.     Pop.  5390. 

East  Groton,  graw't^n,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo., 
Mass.,  on  the  Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  Q  miles  S, 
of  Nashua,  N.H. 

Fast  Grove,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  765. 

Fast  Grove'land,  apost-office  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Guilford,  ghil'fgrd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  New  York  & 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  at  or  near  New  Berlin  Junction, 
about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

East  Guilford,  or  Algiers,  al-jeerz',  a  village  of 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in  Guilford  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Brattleborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
baby-carriages. 

Fast  Had'dam,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  15 
miles  below  Middletown,  and  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  ship-yard,  13  cotton-mills,  3  manufactories 
of  britannia  spoons,  and  2  of  coffin-trimmings.  It  contains 
villages  named  Goodspeed's  Landing,  Moodus,  and  Lees- 
ville.  Total  pop.  2951.  East  Haddam  Post-Office  is  at 
Goodspeed's  Landing. 

Fasthani,  east'am,  a  post-township  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  part  of  Cape  Cod  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  Cape  Cod  Bay.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  602.    Eastham  Station  is  97  miles  by  rail  from  Boston. 

Fast  Ham'burg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
East  Hamburg  township,  10  or  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  BufiFalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  the  East  Hamburg  Friends'  Institute,  a 
wagon-shop,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  2392. 

Fast  Ham'ilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road, about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Fast  Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Sabine  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  76  miles  S. 
of  Shreveport.  It  has  several  stores,  and  is  said  to  have 
more  trade  than  any  other  place  in  the  county. 

East  Ham'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
and  a  station  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  13  miles 
W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church  and  15  houses. 

Fast  Hamp'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  2  miles  S.W.  of 
Bangor.     It  has  3  steam  saw -mills  and  4  stores. 

East  Hamp'stead,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Ilampstead  township,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester. 

East  Hanip'ton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo., 
Conn.,  in  Chatham  township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railrotvd,  9  miles 
E.  of  Middletown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactories  of  bells  and  silk-goods.  PoJ).  about  1000. 
Here  is  an  iron  bridge  or  viaduct  1200  feet  long  and  140 
feet  high. 

East  Hampton,  a  post-town  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad  (East  Hampton  Branch), 
and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad 
(Northampton  division),  71  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and 
17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  the  Wvlliston  Seminary,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  >f  buttons,  suspenders,  rubber 
goods,  steam  pumps,  silk  ciress-goods,  whips,  and  cotton 
yarn.  The  Connecticut  River  touches  the  E.  border  of 
the  township.     Pop.  in  1890,  4395. 

Fast  Hampton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
East  Hampton  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  1  mile 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Sag  Harbor^ 


EAS 


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EAS 


It  has  2  churches  and  2  windmills.  Pop.  in  1890,  1111. 
The  township  forms  the  eastern  part  of  Long  Island,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  2431. 

East  Han'nibalf  a  station  in  Pike  co..  III.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  on  the  Hannibal  &  Naples  Railroad,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy- Railroad, 
opposite  Hannibal,  Mo.,  with  which  city  it  is  connected  by 
a  fine  iron  bridge. 

£ast  Han'over,  a  township  of  Dauphin  eo..  Pa.  Pop. 
1723.     It  is  bounded  E.  by  East  Hanover,  in  Lebanon  co. 

£ast  Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Hanover  township,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Harris- 
burg.  The  township  has  5  churches  and  a  woollen-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1737. 

£ast  Hard 'wick,  a  post- village  in  Hardwick  town- 
ship, Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the 
Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  30  miles  N.AV.  of  St. 
Johnsbury,  and  about  2i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  leather, 
sash,  and  blinds. 

£ast  Har'Iing,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
00.  of  Norfolk,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  1085. 

East  Harps'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Brunswick, 

East  Harp'tree,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
6i  miles  N.  of  Wells.     Pop.  of  parish,  675. 

East  Hart'ford,  a  post-village  of  East  Hartford 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  opposite  Hartford,  and  on  the  New  York  A 
New  England  and  Connecticut  Central  Railroads.  It  has 
manufactures  of  paper  and  carriages,  and  a  newspaper 
office.  The  township  contains  another  village,  named 
Bumside,  has  6  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  4455. 

East  Hart'land,  a  post-office  of  Hartford  co..  Conn. 

East  Har'wich,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Harwich  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  4  miles 
E.  of  Harwich  Railroad  Station,  and  88  miles  S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  350. 

East  Hastings,  has-tings,  a  station  on  the  Milwau- 
kee <fe  St.  Paul  Railroad,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Hastings,  Minn. 

East  Hatley,  Quebec.     See  Hatley. 

East  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  3i  miles  S.  by  E.  of  New  Haven. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  East 
Haven  Station  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad  is  5  miles  E.  of 
New  Haven.     Pop.  of  township,  955. 

East  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.     P.  191. 

East  Haverhill,  ha'v^r-il,  post-office,  Essex  co.,  Mass. 

East  Haverhill,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
in  Haverhill  township,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal 
Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  scythe-stones,  and  starch. 

East  Hawkesbury,  hawks'b^r-re,  a  post-village  in 
Prescott  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Point  Fortune. 
Pop.  100. 

East  He'bron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  in 
Hebron  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central  Rail- 
road, about  45  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

East  Hebron,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H. 

East  Hebron,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

East  Hemp'fie.la,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  about  SO  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  is  intersected  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  has  lead-  and  zinc-mines. 
It  contains  villages  named  Landisville  and  Petersburg. 
East  Hempfield  Post-Office  is  at  Petersburg.    Pop.  3154. 

East  Hen'derson,  a  station  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
in  Tyrone  township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  opposite  the 
town  of  Henderson,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  S.  of  Mankato,  and  58  miles  from  St.  Paul. 

East  HenViet'ta,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Henrietta  township,  7  or  8  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
several  churchfes  near  it. 

East  Her'eford,  a  post- village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  borders  of  New  Hampshire,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coati- 
cook.     Pop.  150, 

East  Hick'man,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  from  Providence  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
hemp-factory. 

East  Hick'ory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Hickory  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  High'gatc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
in  Highgate  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  about  11 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  a  scythe- 
factory. 

East  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Nunda 
township,  2^  miles  from  Nunda  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


East  Hins'dale,  a  post-office  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Flushing,  North  Shore  &  Central  Railroad,  at  Hinsdale 
Station,  14  miles  E.  of  New  York  City. 

East  Hi'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Hiram  township,  near  the  Saco  River,  J  mile  from  Hiram 
Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  boots,  and  salt-boxes. 

East  Hol'liston,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Holliston  township,  on  the  Milford  Branch  of  the 
Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  boots. 

East  Ho'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Elmira,  Cortland  &  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Cortland,  and  about  27  miles  iS.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a 
church,  cheese-factories,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and  a  wagon- 
shop.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  Hoo'sick,  a  station  in  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Bennington, 
Vt.,  and  near  the  Vermont  line. 

East  Houns'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Watertown  &  Sackets  Harbor  Rail- 
road.    It  has  a  church. 

East  Hnb'bardston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  on  Ware  River,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fitchburg, 
and  1  mile  from  the  Boston,  Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

East  Hub'bardton,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt. 

East  Hum'boldt  Mountains,  a  N.  and  S.  range  in 
the  S.  part  of  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  having  the  Ruby  Valley  on  the 
E.  and  the  Huntingdon  Valley  on  the  W.  Some  of  its  peaks 
are  reported  to  exceed  the  height  of  15,000  feet. 

East  Hunter,  New  York,    See  Tannersville. 

East  Hunt'ingdon,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa.  P.  (1890)  8109.  It  contains  Bethany,  West  Bethany, 
Stonersville,  Scottdale,  and  Reagantown,  and  has  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  iron,  coke,  &o. 

East  Indies,  in'deez,  a  collective  name  vaguely  ap- 
plied to  India,  Indo-China,  and  the  Malay  Archipelago. 
See  India,  and  Malay  Archipelago. 

East  Ir'ving,  a  hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  N. 
of  Belle  Plain.  It  contains  2  churches  and  the  Irving  In- 
stitute.    Pop.  84. 

East  Island,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Crozet  Islands. 

East  Jack'son,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

East  Jaf'frey,  a  post-^'illage  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
in  Jaflfrey  township,  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  flour, 
lumber,  Ac,  and  3  churches.  It  is  about  3  miles  from  Mo- 
nadnock Mountain. 

East  Jav'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  m 
Java  township,  about  35  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory  and  a  store. 

East  Jed^dore',  or  Lake'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co,.  Nova  Scotia,  38  miles  from  Halifax.   Pop,  100. 

East  Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has 
a  church,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Jew'ett,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Jor'dan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlevoix  co,,  Mich., 
on  Jordan  River,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boyne  Falls.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of 
lumber,  and  a  foundry. 

East  Junius,  jun'yiis,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  from  Lyons.     Pop.  about  100, 

East  Ken'dall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y., 
22  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Kent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Danbury.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Kil'lingly,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
in  Killingly  township,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Providence, 
R.I.     It  has  several  cotton-factories. 

East  King'stou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  church,  a  district  school,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  carriages.     Pop.  about  400. 

East  Knox,  nox,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

East  Koy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Portage  Station,  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a 
manufactory  of  clothes-pins  and  barrel-headings.    Pop.  100. 

East  Koy  Creek  unites  with  West  Koy  Creek,  and 
enters  the  Genesee  River  in  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Lack^awan'nock,  a  township  of  Mercer  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  666. 

East'lake,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co,,  Ala.,  6  mil 
N,E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
newspaper  office,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  900 


EAS 


1083 


EAS 


East  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  18  miles 
))y  rail  S.S.E.  of  Ocala.  Here  are  orange-  and  lemon-groves. 
Pop.  100, 

East  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  2 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  shingles,  and  salt.     Pop.  1856. 

East  Lam'peter,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
tiitversed  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  main  line.  Pop. 
1^(503.     It  contains  Bird  in  Hand. 

East  Lanc'aster,  a  village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  River,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  666. 

East'land,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas, 
lias  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  'Leon  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Colony  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  or  hills,  called 
(Comanche  Mountains  and  Leon  River  Mountains.  The 
foil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Eastland.  Pop.  in  1880,  4855;  in 
]S90,  10,373. 

Eastland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex., 
about  170  miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

East  JLan'sing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Lamport',  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

East  Leavenworth,  lev'en-worth,  a  station  of  Platte 
(:o..  Mo.,  on    the    Missouri    River,  opposite   Leavenworth, 
vansas.     It  is  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council' 
31iitfs  Railroad,  at  City  Point. 

East  Leb'anon,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Me.,  in  the 
t  own  of  Lebanon,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  9 
luilcs  E.  of  Rochester,  N.H. 

East  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
n  Lebanon  township,  on  the  Mascoma  River,  and  on  the 
STorthern  Railroad,  61  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
kbout  40  dwellings.     Here  is  a  fine  lake,  named  Mascoma. 

East  Lee,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
'jce  township,  li  miles  from  Lee  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

I  machine-shop,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  &c. 

East  Lem'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
(jemon  township,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tunkhannock.  It 
lias  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

East  Lemp'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
10  miles  from  Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill, 
md  a  shoe-factory. 

East  Le'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
)  miles  N.W.  of  Cattaraugus  Station.     It  has  a  church  and 

II  cheese-factory. 

East  Le  Roy,  a  post-oflSce  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

East  Lew'istown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co., 
0.,  22  miles  E.  of  Alliance.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
iactures  of  fire-brick,  building-blocks,  and  tiles. 

East  Lex'ington,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  2  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lexington  village,  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

East  Lib'erty,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Batavia. 

East  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  district  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  350. 

East  Liberty,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  is  the 
seat  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  It  was  annexed 
to  Pittsburg  in  1872.  It  has  13  churches,  2  banks,  a  female 
college,  and  manufactures  of  railroad-cars,  white-lead,  car- 
riages, sash,  doors,  <tc.,  with  extensive  cattle-yards. 

East  Liberty,  a  village  in  Dunbar  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  opposite  Dawson,  and 
about  37  miles  direct  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  foundry,  and  a  cabinet-shop. 

East  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Va. 

East  Lim'ington,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me. 

East  Lincoln,  link'9n,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  III. 
Pop.  3397.     It  contains  a  part  of  Lincoln,  the  county  seat. 

East  Lincoln,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

East  Lincoln,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Wis. 

East  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Albany  to  Whitehall,  28  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  about  25  houses. 

East  Litch'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  is  at  Litchfield  Station  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  of  Winsted.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  paper-mill. 

East  Lit'tleton,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Concord. 

East  Liv'ermore,  a  post-village  in  East  Livermore 
township,  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  32 


miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  3  ohurohea  and  several  mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1004. 

East  Livermore  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

East  Liv'erpool,  a  post- village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0., 
in  Liverpool  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  24  miles 
above  Steubenville,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  106  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cleveland,  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wellsville.  It  has  13 
churches,  2  national  banks,  public  schools,  a  city  hall,  ex- 
tensive china-,  porcelain-,  earthenware-,  and  terra-cotta- 
works,  a  glass-factory,  3  machine-shops,  a  flour-mill,  and  6 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,956. 

East  Loch  Tar'bert  (or  Tarbet),  a  small  inlet  of 
Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire,  Scotland.  It  approaches  within 
1  mile  of  the  much  larger  West  Loch  Tarbert,  and  thus 
nearly  separates  Kintyre  from  the  mainland. 

East  Loch  Tar'bet,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Lewis,  Scotland.  It  is  6  miles  long  by  4i  broad, 
and  closely  approaches  West  Loch  Tarbet. 

East  London,  IQn'dpn,  a  seaport  of  Cape  Colony,  on 
the  S.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  Umzinyati  River,  28  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  King  William's  Town.  It  is  the  third  port  for 
export  trade  in  the  colony.  Pop.  6924.  Area  of  the  East 
London  district,  1707  square  miles.     Pop.  15,466. 

East  Long  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  i  mile  E.  of  Long 
Branch,  and  i  mile  from  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Rail- 
road.    Here  are  several  hotels  and  2  churches. 

East  LongmeadoAV,  long-med'o,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Longmeadow  township,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Con- 
necticut Central  Railroad,  6J  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  quarries  of  brown  sandstone. 

East  Looe,  a  town  of  England.     See  Lode. 

East  Lo'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  In 
Lowell  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Enfield  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Lyme,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
about  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  London.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  intersected 
by  the  railroad  which  connects  New  Haven  with  New  Lon- 
don. It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  woollens,  cot- 
ton-batting, tweeds,  and  water-proofs,  and  contains  another 
village,  named  Niantic.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2048. 

East  Lyn'don,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me. 

East  Lynn,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad  from  Bloomington  to  Lafayette,  Ind.,  66 
miles  E.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Lynne,  lin,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
59  miles  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  lin- 
seed-oil mill,  a  planing-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  McDonough,  mak-d5n'9h,  a  post-office  of  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y. 

East  Machi'as,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Me., 
in  East  Machias  township,  about  10  miles  from  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  and  75  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Bangor.  It  is  at 
the  mouth  of  East  Machias  River,  which  enters  Machias 
Bay,  and  is  supported  partly  by  navigation,  ship-building, 
and  the  lumber-business.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office, 
an  academy,  and  several  churches.  Steamboats  ply  betweeii 
this  place  and  Portland.     Pop.  700;  of  the  township,  2017. 

East  Macon,  ma'kpn,  a  village  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Ocmulgee  River,  opposite  Macon.  It 
is  a  part  of  that  city.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  anfl 
the  machine-shops  of  the  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  675. 

East  Mad'ison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
Somerset  co..  Me.,  6  miles  N.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  slate-quarry. 

East  Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Ma^hanoy',  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  5^ 
miles  E.  of  Mahanoy  City  (which  is  reached  by  a  railroad 
tunnel),  on  the  East  Mahanoy  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Catawissa  Railroad  and  the  Little  Schuylkill  Railroad. 

East  Maho'ning,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1139,  exclusive  of  Marion. 

East  Main,  a  region  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  be- 
longing to  the  North-West  Territories,  but  entirely  detached 
from  the  main  portion  of  that  province.  It  consists  of 
that  part  of  the  Labrador  peninsula  of  which  the  waters 
flow  into  Hudson's  Bay  and  Hudson's  Strait.  The  bay  and 
strait  just  named  bound  it  on  the  W.  and  N.  respectively, 
on  the  E.  lies  Labrador  proper,  and  on  the  S.  the  province 
of  Quebec.  East  Main  is  a  region  of  the  wildest  and  most 
complete  desolation,  having  a  rocky  and  forbidding  surface^ 


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1084 


EAS 


I 


a  Tery  cold  climate,  and  a  scanty  Indian  population,  among 
whom  dwell  a  few  Catholic  missionaries. 

East  Maine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Maine  township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Binghamton. 

East  Main  (or  Slade)  River,  a  river  of  Labrador, 
enters  James  Bay  on  its  E.  side,  in  lat.  52°  15'  N.,  Ion.  78° 
41'  W.,  after  a  course  estimated  at  400  miles. 

East  Maitland,  Australia.     See  Maitland. 

East'raan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dodge  co.,  Qa., 
on  the  Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Macon.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  large  hotel,  called  Uplands  Hotel, 
built  for  a  winter  resort.     Pop.  in  1890,  1082. 

Eastman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss.,  12J 
miles  E.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Eastman,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  AVis.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  flour-mi'ls.  Eastman  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  14.36. 

East  Man'chester,  a  hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
li  miles  from  Manchester.  It  is  at  the  base  of  the  Green 
Mountains. 

East'manville,  a  post-village  in  Polkton  township, 
Ottawa  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  4  miles  from  Coopers- 
ville  Station,  and  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Muskegon.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber,  wagons,  and  wooden  bowls.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Mar'ion,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Southold  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  2  or  3  miles  E. 
of  Greenport.     It  has  a  church  and  a  windmill.     Pop.  350. 

East  Marlborough,  marl'biir-ruh,  a  township  in 
Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1401.     Post-office,  Unionville. 

East  Marsh'field,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Marshfield  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
near  the  ocean,  and  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Boston,     It  has 

3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  shoes  and  boxes. 
East  Mar'tinsburg,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y. 
East  Ma'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of   Delaware  co., 

N.Y.,  in  Masonville  township,  3  miles  from  Sidney  Centre. 

East  Mauch  Chunk,  mawk  chunk',  a  post-borough 
of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River, 
and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  opposite  Mauch  Chunk. 
It  is  surrounded  with  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  a  house 
of  sisters  of  charity,  6  churches,  and  a  silk-mill.     Pop.  2772. 

East  Medford,  Massachusetts.     See  Glenwood. 

East  Med'way,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Medway  township,  22  miies  by  rail  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bell-foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  organs. 

East  Mel'rose,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  <fe  Missouri  River 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Chariton,  and  39  miles  W.  of  Ot- 
tumwa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Here  is  Melrose  Post-Office. 

JBast  Men'don,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Men- 
don  township,  2i  miles  from  Fisher.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Mer'cer,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  about 
2  miles  E.  of  Mercer. 

East  Mer'edith,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meredith  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N. Y.,  1 0  miles  N.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  churches, 
s  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  bar- 
Tel-covers,  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  Middleborough,  Mass.     See  Eddyville. 

East  Mid'dlebury,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt., 
In  Middlebury  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Middlebury,  and 
about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Rutland.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  sash-factory,  Ac. 

East  Mid'dleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  7 
or  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  Middle- 
ton  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

East  Mi'lan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Milan  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Dundee,  and  about  44  miles 
S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  is  on  the  projected  Toledo  &  Ann  Arbor 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bending-factory,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  150. 

East  MiH'stone,  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  is  a  part  of  the 
village  of  Millstone,  and  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Millstone 
River,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mercer  &  Somerset  Railroad 
with  the  Millstone  Branch  of  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.  of  New  Brunswick.  Here  is  East  Mill- 
stone Post-Office. 

East  Mil'ton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  granite-quarry. 

East  Minneap'olis,  a  railroad  station  in  the  city  of 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

East  Mon'mouth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monmouth  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co..  Me.,  3  miles  from  Monmouth  Station. 


East  Monroe,  m^n-rS',  a  post-village  in  Fairfield 
township.  Highland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  163. 

East  Montpe'lier,  a  post-village  in  East  Montpelier 
township,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and 
on  the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Montpelier.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flannels, 
lumber,  and  wagons.     Pop.  of  the  township,  953. 

East  Mor'iches,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  town- 
ship, Suffijlk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Long  Island, 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
district  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  460. 

East  Morrisa'nia,  a  locality  within  the  limits  of 
New  York  City  (see  Morrisania).  It  has  an  Ursuline  con- 
vent and  a  Catholic  academy. 

East  Mor'row,  a  village  in  Salem  township,  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  is  adjacent  to  Morrow.     Pop.  262. 

East  Mount  Ver'non,  a  village  in  East  Chester 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  500. 

East  Xant'meal,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  920. 

East  Nassau,  nas-saw',  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Nassau  township,  1  mile  from  Brainard  Sta- 
tion, and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Albany,     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Nebras'ka  City,  a  station  in  Fremont  co,, 
Iowa,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Nebraska  City,  and 
on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad, 
39  miles  by  rail  below  Council  Bluffs,  or  88  miles  by  water. 
It  is  also  the  S.W,  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri  River  Railroad. 

East  Nel'son,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co..  111.  Pop, 
1021.     It  contains  Nelson  Station,  or  Farlow. 

East  Newark,  New  Jersey.     See  Hakrisox. 

East  New'ark,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt, 

East  New'bern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jersey  co,.  111., 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  church. 

East  Ne  w'lield,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 

East  New  Mar'ket,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  13  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  from  Cambridge,  and  about 

2  miles  from  the  Choptank  River.  It  has  3  churches  nnd 
a  high  school  or  seminary.  Much  fruit  is  canned  aiiJ 
shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  New  Mil'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  from  New  Milford  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  Ac. 

East  New'port,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
and  a  station  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  W. 
of  Bangor. 

East  New  Port'iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo., 
Me.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  North  Anson.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores  and  shops. 

East  New  Sha'ron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co,, 
Me.,  15  miles  S,E.  of  Farmington. 

East  New  Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co..  Me.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  West  Freeman  rail- 
road station. 

East  New  York,  formerly  a  post-village  in  New  Lots 
township,  Kings  co.,  N.Y.  It  is  now  part  of  the  26th 
ward  of  Brooklyn,  to  which  city  the  township  of  New  Lota 
was  annexed  in  1886.  East  New  York  Station  is  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  New  York, 

East  Nichols,  nik'plz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  oo., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  S.  of  Owego.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Nod'away,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  East  Branch  of  Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Corning. 

East  North'field,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111. 

East  North'port,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  ol 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  in  Northport  township,  on  Penobscot  Bay, 

3  miles  S.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  public  hall,  a  hotel,  and  about 
50  cottages.     Here  is  the  Wesleyan  Grove  camp-ground. 

East  Northport,  Long  Island.    See  Genola. 

East  North'wood,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Northwood  township,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

East  North  Yar'mouth,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Me. 

East  Nor'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Norton  township,  on  the  New  Bedford  or  Boston,  Clinton  & 
Fitohburg  Railroad,  at  Norton  Station,  29  miles  S.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  shoe-factory. 

East  Nor'walk,  a  post-office  of  Huron  oo.,  0.,  3  mile* 
from  Norwalk. 


EAS 


1085 


EAS 


East  Nor'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  St.  Jopoph  A  Denver  City  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
8t.  Josepb.     Here  is  a  Norwegian  settlement. 

East  NorAve'gian,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
has  coal-mines,  and  is  traversed  by  various  railroads  cen- 
tring at  Pottsville.     Pop.  983. 

East  Nor'wich,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  li 
miles  from  Norwich.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. ' 

East  Norwich,  a  post- village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  2  miles  from  Syos- 
set  Station.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
agricultural  implements,  shingles,  &o.,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  Not'tingham,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1305,  exclusive  of  a  part  of  Hopewell  (which  see). 

East  Oak'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Qenesee  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  N.VV.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  a  sa'w-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  Oak'land,  formerly  Brook'lyn,  is  a  ward  of 
Oakland  City,  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  E.  of  Oakland  Station.  It  contains  5  churches, 
2  tanneries,  2  potteries,  a  newspaper  office,  2  carriage- shops, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  jute  sacks.  The  site 
of  East  Oakland  is  high  and  undulating  ground  which 
affords  good  locations  for  residences.  It  is  separated  from 
nhe  other  portion  of  the  city  by  a  small  inlet  or  estuary  of 
■■,he  Bay  of  San  Francisco. 

East  Oasis,  o-a'sis,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis. 

East'on,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  5  miles  S. 
)y  W.  of  Fresno.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  raisin-packing 
■istablishment.     Pop.  about  100. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  Easton 
;ownship,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  The  township  has 
)  churches,  manufactures  of  paperware,  cigars,  spokes,  Ac. 
Sere  are  several  mineral  springs.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
LOOl. 

Easton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co..  111.,  in  Sherman 
awnship,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western 
3.ailroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Havana. 

Easton,  a  post- village  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Stranger  Creek,  in  Easton  township,  and  on  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has 
;(  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1238. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  36  miles 
!!^^.  of  Houlton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  starch-factory,  and  a 
j;risl-mill.     Pop.  978. 

Eastou,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  is 
near  a  navigable  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  81  miles  by  rail 
H.S.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  2  national 
))anks,  9  churches,  2  iron-foundries,  3  roller  flour-mills,  a 
washing-machine  factory,  2  canning-factories,  Ac,  and  is 
Ihe  seat  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop.  Five  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2939. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in  Easton 
lownship,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
tohool,  large  shovel-works,  thread-mills,  iron-foundries, 
(ind  a  wooden-heel  company.     Pop.  of  the  township,  41:93. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  29  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  several  churches,  a  sem- 
inary, and  manufactures  of  butter  and  flour. 

Easton,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  on  Maiden 
Creek,  and  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  318. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Easton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Easton  township,  on  the  Greenwich  A  Johnson  ville  Railroad, 
27  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Marshall  Seminary.     Pop.  of  Easton  township,  2500. 

Easton,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Chippewa 
lownship,  18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  175. 

Easton,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Lehigh,  67  miles  by  railroad  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, 75  miles  W.  of  New  York,  and  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Allentown.  It  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Amboy  division,  and  on  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad.  It  is  also 
the  W.  terminus  of  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad.  A  bridge 
across  the  Delaware  connects  it  with  Phillipsburg,  in  New 
Jersey,  and  an  iron  bridge  across  the  Lehigh  connects  it 


with  South  Easton.  Easton  is  partly  built  on  the  sidM 
of  hills,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  It  ii 
laid  out  in  rectangular  blocks,  with  a  public  square  in  the 
centre.  It  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  gas  and  supplied 
with  good  spring-water  distributed  in  pipes.  It  contains 
23  churches,  an  opera-house,  a  public  library,  3  academies, 
3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  and  printing  offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers.  Here  is  Lafayette 
College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in  1831  and 
has  27  professors  and  about  300  students  annually.  Easton 
has  several  iron-furnaces,  rolling-mills,  machine-shops, 
foundries,  flouring-mills,  planing-mills,  organ -factories, 
saw-mills,  shoe- factories,  felting-works,  a  silk-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  locks,  ropes,  wire,  sheet-iron,  lumber,  fur- 
niture, Ac. ;  also  3  street-railway  companies.  It  is  situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  the  Delaware,  Lehigh,  and  Morris 
Canals,  by  which  large  quantities  of  coal,  iron,  grain,  lum- 
ber, stone,  Ac,  are  received  and  exported.  Pop.  in  1890, 
14,481. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Easton  Corners,  New  York.    See  North  Easton. 

East'on's,  a  station  in  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wheeling. 

Easton's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Qrenville  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  from  Irish  Creek.     Pop.  250. 

East'onville,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col.,  about 
2fi  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  implement-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Ea-ston.     Pop.  in  1890,  149. 

East  Or'ange,  a  village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  42  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Orange,  a  post-town  east  of  the  city  of  Orange, 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  3  miles 
W.N. W.  of  Newark.  It  has  1 6  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
6  fine  public  school  buildings,  which  cost,  in  the  aggre- 
gate, $300,000,  and  about  30  miles  of  fine  macadam  streets 
and  stone  sidewalks.  Here  are  numerous  fine  villas,  and 
many  business  men  of  New  York  reside  here.  Pop.  about 
17,000.  » 

East  Orange,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Orange  township,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bradford  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches. 

East  Or'angeville,  a  post- hamlet  of  Wyoming  co., 
N.Y.,  2i  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Or'leans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
in  Orleans  township,  1  mile  E.  of  Orleans  Station  on  the 
Cape  Cod  Railroad,  and  about  1  mile  from  the  sea. 

East  Or'rington,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
in  Orrington  township,  2^  miles  from  Brewer  Village.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  O'tis,  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Otis 
township,  10  miles  W.  of  Russell.     It  has  14  dwellings. 

East  O'tisfield,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Me. 

East  Ot'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
East  Otto  township,  about  38  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1288. 

Easto'ver,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public 
school,  and  a  pine-straw  bagging-factory.    Pop.  about  200. 

East  Paler'mo,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

East  Palermo,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y. 

East  Pal'estine,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Alliance.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  brick-,  tile-,  and  pottery-works.  Coal 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1816. 

East  Palmy'ra,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Palmyra  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  about  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Par'is,  a  village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  near  Paris, 
the  county  seat.     Pop.  212. 

East  Paris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Paris 
township,  8  or  9  miles  S.E,  of  Grand  Rapids. 

East  Park,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
E.  of  Hyde  Park. 

East  Par'ker,  a  village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Parker  City,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at 
Parker  Station,  41  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  an  iron  bridge  over  the  river.  It  ii 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Karns  City  A  Parker  Railroad. 
Oil  is  found  near  this  place.     Here  is  Pollock  Post-Office. 

East  Par'sonfield,  a  post-bamlet  of  York  oo.,  Me.^ 
in  Parsonfield  township,  about  35  miles  W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  Afc 


EAS 


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EAS 


East  Pascagoula,  Mississippi,  the  station-name  of 
Pascagoula. 

£a8t  Passaic,  "N.J.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Passaio. 

East  Paw  Paw,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  III.,  2 
miles  from  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  and  about 
85  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  is  partly  in  Lee  co.  It  has  a 
ehurch  and  a  classical  seminary. 

East  Peni'broke,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co,,  Mass. 

East  Pembroke,  a  post-office  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H. 

East  Pembroke,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Pembroke  and  Batavia  townships,  on  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  156. 

East  Pen'dleton,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish.  La. 

East  Pen'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co,,  N.Y., 
in  Penfield  township,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It 
baa  2  churches. 

East  Penn,  a  township  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  bounded 
N.E.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad.     Pop.  862. 

East  Penn  Junction.    See  Ehaus,  Pa. 

East  Peo'ria,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  3 
miles  N.W,  of  Hilton.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of 
bricks,  and  coal-mining. 

East  Pepin,  pip'in,  a  post-office  of  Pepin  co..  Wis, 

East  Pep'perell,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co,, 
Mass.,  on  or  near  the  Nashua  River,  about  14  miles  W.  of 
Lowell,     It  has  a  paper-mill  and  a  shoe-factory. 

East  Peru',  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  1 
mile  N.E.  of  Peru, 

East  Peru,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co.,  Me. 

East  Pe'tersDurg,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.. 
Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  5  churches. 

East  Piiarsa'l  ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.  Y., 
about  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Pierrepont,  New  York.   See  Hannaway  Falls. 

East  Pike,  a  village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Castile  Station, 

East  Pike'land,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River.     Pop,  8G2, 

East  Pike  Run,  a  township  of  Washington  co,.  Pa, 
It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Monongahela  River,  Pop,  817, 
exclusive  of  California,  Greenfield,  and  West  Brownsville. 
It  has  mines  of  coal. 

East  Pit'cairn,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Pitts'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me., 
in  Pittston  township,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

East  Plainfield,  Michigan.     See  Austerlitz. 

East  Plain'iield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
in  Plainfield  township,  4i  miles  S.  of  Lebanon. 

East  Plainfield,  a  hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on 
Wills  Creek,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.    It  has  2  churches. 

East  Platts'mouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Plattsmouth,  Neb,,  and  on 
the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  which  here 
crosses  the  river. 

East  Plym'outh,  a  hamlet  of  Litchfield  co,.  Conn.,  in 
Plymouth  township,  2  miles  from  Pequabuo  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

East  Plymouth,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

East  Poestenkill,  poos'ten-kir,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N,Y,,  in  Poestenkill  township,  12  miles  E, 
by  S.  of  Troy. 

East  Point,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Fulton 
CO.,  Ga,,  6  miles  by  rail  S,  of  Atlanta,  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  large  manufacturing  interests.  Pop, 
in  1890,  738, 

East  Point,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Johnson 
CO.,  Ky,,  5  miles  S,  of  Paintsville,     It  has  3  churches. 

East  Point,  a  shipping-point  of  Red  River  parish. 
La.,  on  Red  River,  120  miles  by  water  below  Shreveport, 

East  Point,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of  Burgeo 
and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  to  La  Poile 
Bay,  3  miles  from  La  Poile,     Pop,  66, 

East  Point,  or  Beaton's  Point,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO,,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  eastern  extremity 
of  the  island,  65  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  a  light- 
house.    Pop.  150. 

East  Po'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Poland  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  32 
miles  N.  of  Portland.     The  station-name  is  Empire  Road. 

East'port,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Benton  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Red 
Oak  Branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
about  4  miles  above  Nebraska  City.  It  ha^  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  134. 

Eastport,  a  port  of  entry  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  is 


on  Moose  Island,  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  about  25  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Calais,  and  100  miles  E.  of  Bangor.  The  island 
is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  channel,  which 
is  crossed  by  a  bridge.  The  tide  rises  here  about  25  feet, 
and  prevents  the  harbor  from  being  obstructed  with  ice. 
The  town  is  on  the  eastern  frontier  of  the  United  States, 
and  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  American  sardine-canning 
industry.  It  is  supported  by  fisheries,  coast-trade,  and 
manufacturing.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  and  the  Boynton  High 
School.     Pop.  in  1890,  4908. 

Eastport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  at  the 
head  of  Torch  Lake,  17  miles  N.E,  of  Traverse  City.  It 
has  3  church  organizations,  a  shingle-mill,  a  lumber-mill, 
a  woollen-mil),  and  a  hardware-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eastport,  a  village  of  Tishomingo  oo.,  Miss.,  about  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Corinth. 

Eastport,  a  post-village  of  Suflfolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brook- 
haven  and  Southampton  townships,  on  the  Long  Island 
Railroad,  about  70  miles  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church, 
2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  manufactory  of  wintergreen  oil, 
and  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  400. 

Eastport,  a  hamlet  in  Mill  township,  Tuscarawas  co., 
0.,  3  miles  N.  of  Uhrichsville.     Pop.  25. 

Eastport,  a  village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  60  miles  W. 
of  Roseburg.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

East  Port'al,  a  station  in  Florida  township,  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass,,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Green- 
field Railroad,  at  the  eastern  entrance  to  the  Hoosac  Tun- 
nel, and  7  miles  E,  of  North  Adams, 

East  Port  Ches'ter,  a  village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
in  Greenwich  township,  on  Byron  River,  i  mile  from  Port 
Chester,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

East  Port'land,  a  post-village  of  Multnomah  co,, 
Oregon,  on  the  E,  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  opposite 
Portland,  and  on  the  Oregon  <fc  California  Railroad.    It  has 

2  churches.    P.  in  1870,  830  ;  in  1880,  2934;  in  1890,  10,532. 

East  Poult'ney,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  oo.,Yt,,  on 
Poultney  River,  in  PouUney  township,  1 J  miles  from  Poult- 
ney  Station,  and  about  13  miles  S,W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  tannery,  <kc. 

East  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi 
CO.,  Mo.,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bird's  Point,  and  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Charleston.    It  has  5  churches,    P,  400. 

East  Prince'ton,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass,,  in  Princeton  township,  16  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 
It  has  a  public  hall,  2  chair-factories,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Pros'pect,  a  post-borough  of  York  co,,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Windsor  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  and  12  miles  E.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  a 
c<gar-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  261. 

East  Prov'idence,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
bounded  W,  by  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata,  and 
traversed  by  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  Pop. 
in  1890,  1476, 

East  Providence,  a  hamlet  of  East  Providence  town- 
ship. Providence  co,,  R.I.     Pop.  171. 

East  Providence,  a  post-township  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  is  separated  from  the  city  of  Providence  by  the  See- 
konk  or  Blackstone  River,  and  is  situated  along  the  W. 
bank  of  the  river  and  Narragansett  Bay.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Providence  A  Bristol,  Boston  &  Providence,  and 
other  railroads,  and  has  large  chemical-works,  paper-works, 
and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes  and  show-cases.  It 
contains  2  large  villages,  named  Watchemoket  and  Rum- 
ford.     Pop.  of  township,  8422. 

East  Prussia,  priish'ya,  the  most  N.E.  province  of 
Prussia,  enclosed  by  the  Baltic  Sea,  Russian  Poland,  and  the 
province  of  West  Prussia.  Area,  14,446  square  miles.  It 
nearly  corresponds  to  the  original  dukedom  of  Prussia.  It 
comprises  the  two  districts  of  Konigsberg  and  Gumbinnen. 
Capital,  Konigsberg.  It  is  an  old  division,  restored  in  1878 
as  a  province  of  the  realm.     Pop.  (1890)  1,958,132. 

East  Put'nam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co,.  Conn,, 

3  miles  S.E,  of  Putnam  Station,  and  about  28  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Put'ney,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  is 
on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, in  Putney  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Putney  Station. 
Pop,  of  the  township,  1075. 

East  Randolph,  Massachusetts.    See  Holbrook. 

East  Ran'dolph,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y,,  10  miles  (direct)  S,S,W.  of  Little  Valley,  and  2i  miles 
E,  by  N.  of  Randolph  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill, 
a  foundry,  and  the  Chamberlain  Institute.    Pop.  about  700. 

East  Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  u> 


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Randolph  township,  on  the  Second  Branch  of  White  River, 
25  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

£ast  Raymond,  ra'mpnd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land 00.,  Me.,  in  Raymond  township,  about  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Portland. 

East  Redwood,  California.     See  Hayes. 

£ast  Rich'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern  Railroad,  26 
miles  N.W .  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

£ast  Rich'land,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in 
Richland  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Warnock  Station,  and  15 
miles  W.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

East  Rindge,  rinj,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Keene.  It  has  manufactures 
of  brooms,  lumber,  and  boxes. 

East  Ringgold,  Pickaway  co.,  0.    See  Ringgold. 

East  Ri'o,  a  station  in  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  on  theMil- 
vraukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Portage. 

East  River,  New  York,  is  a  strait  which  separates  the 
tfity  of  New  York  from  Brooklyn  and  connects  Long  Island 
Sound  with  New  York  Bay.  It  is  about  10  miles  long,  and 
■i  mile  wide  at  the  narrowest  part,  which  is  between  Brook- 
lyn and  the  lower  end  of  New  York,  nearly  2  miles  N.E.  of 
the  Battery.  This  river  is  navigable  by  large  ships.  It 
•incloses  Blackwell's,  Ward's,  and  Randall's  Islands. 

East  River,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  oo..  Conn., 
)n  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 

East  River,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
oy  the  Nodaway  and  its  East  Fork.     Pop.  909. 

East  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
East  Branch  of  Tiougluiioga  River,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Cortland.     It  has  a  roller  flour-mill  and  a  cider-mill. 

East  River,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  li  miles  E. 
of  Ingleside.     It  has  a  mill  and  a  general  store. 

East  Riv'erside,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Bernardino,  and  121  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  San  Diego.     It  has  a  general  store. 

East  Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 
situated  on  the  E.  or  right  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River, 
about  11  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Uniontown. 

East  Riv'erton,  a  post-ofiice  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ludington. 

East  Roch'ester,  a  post- village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
in  Rochester  township,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  Port- 
land &  Rochester  Railroad,  49  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland, 
Me.,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  400. 

East  Rochester,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  in  West  township,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  S.  of  Alliance.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Rock'away,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hempstead  township,  1  mile  from  Pearsal^'s  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  grisi-mills.     It  is  on  the  sea-coast. 

East  Rock'port,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

East  Rod'man,  or  Whitesville,  whits'vil,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rodman  township,  9  miles 
S.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
post-office  is  East  Rodman.     Pop.  60. 

East  Rox'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
in  Roxbury  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Northfield  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

East  Roy'alty,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  3  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

East  Ru'lo,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Mo. 

East  Rum'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Androscoggin  River,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

East  Ru'pert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
in  Rupert  township,  on  the  Pawlet  River,  about  28  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Rush,  a  village  of  Now  York.     See  Rush. 

East  Rush,  a  post- village  of  Susquehanna  co,,  Pa.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Montrose,  and  5  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
Hunter  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  saw-  and  grist-mill. 

East  Rush'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Rushford  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  sash,  and  blinds. 

East  Rushville,  Fairfield  oo.,  0.    See  Rdshville. 

East  Rye'gate,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt. 

East  Sag'inaw,  formerly  a  separate  and  distinct  city 
of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  but  incorporated  with  the  city  of 
Saginaw  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  1889,  which  came 
into  operation  in  March,  1890. 

East  Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1148. 


East  Saint  Cloud,  a  station  on  the  northern  division 
of  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  74  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Cload. 
Here  are  fine  granite-quarries,  also  a  grain-elevator;  and 
a  good  bridge  connects  the  place  with  St.  Cloud. 

East  Saint  Johnsbury,  jSnz'b^r-re,  a  station  in 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

East  Saint  Lou'is,  an  incorporated  town  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Loais,  Mo. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  13  important  railroads,  the  trains  of 
which  here  cross  the  river  on  a  grand  steel  bridge  (see  St. 
Louis).  It  is  the  seat  of  St.  Aloysius  College  (Roman 
Catholic),  founded  in  1868,  and  of  a  Catholic  academy,  and 
contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  library,  a  Baptist 
college,  and  a  high  school.  It  has  a  brewery,  a  rolling-mill, 
a  car-factory,  a  nail-factory,  gas-works,  a  soda-factory, 
malleable  iron-works,  and  a  glass-factory.  Here  are  stock- 
yards which  are  the  largest  in  the  United  States.  (See 
National  Stock-Yards.)  One  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  9185;  in  1890, 
15,169. 

East  Salamanca,  New  York.     See  Salau anca. 

East  Sa'lem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Battenkill  River,  2  miles  from  Shushan  Station,  and 
about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

East  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  common 
school,  a  creamery,  and  several  general  stores  and  business 
houses.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  Salisbury,  sawlz'b?r-e,  a  post-village  of  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Amesbury  Branch,  2  miles  N.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 

East  Sand'wich,  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  church. 

East  San'dy,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  is  a  centre  of  petroleum  production, 
and  has  a  flouring-mill. 

East  Sangerville,  sang'ger-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  Me.,  3  miles  (direct)  AV.  by  S.  of  Dover.  It 
has  a  cheese-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Saugatuck,  saw^ga-tuk',  a  post-hamlet  of  Al- 
legan CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
21  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  district 
schools,  and  charcoal-works,  and  is  situated  a  short  dis- 
tance E.  of  the  village  of  Saugatuck. 

East  Saugus,  saw'giis,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Saugus  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  10  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Boston,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Saugus  Branch 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  7  shoe-factories. 

East  Schodack,sko-dak',  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Schodack  Station,  and  about 

12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  vinegar,  cider,  and  horse- 
radish.    Pop.  about  175. 

East  Schuyler,  ski'l^r,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  1  mile  from  Frankfort 
Station,  and  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.     Pop.  100. 

East  Scott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
8  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Cortland.  It  has  a  mill  and 
a  wagon-factory. 

East  Sea.     See  Dead  Sea  and  Baltic  Sea. 

East  Seba'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
in  Sebago  township,  4  miles  N.  of  East  Baldwin  Station. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Seneca,  sen'e-ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y., 

13  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 

East  Setauket,  se-taw'ket,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Long  Island 
Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  New  York.     Pop.  in  1880,  684. 

East  Sham'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  m 
Oil  Creek  township,  3  miles  from  Miller  Farm  Station.  It 
has  a  machine-shop. 

East  Sha'ron,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass. 

East  Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

East  Shel'burne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  6  miles  W.  of  Greenfield. 

East  Shel'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  36  miles  W.  of  Rochester. 

East  Shel'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  la 
Sheldon  township,  about  37  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

East  Shoreham,  shSr'^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  AddiMf 


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eo.,  Vt.,  in  Shoreham  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Ticonderoga,  N.Y. 

£ast  Side,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago ifc  Northwestern  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Arcadia. 

£ast  Side,  a  post-office  of  Alpena  co.,  Mich. 

fast  Side  Pub'nico  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  from  Barrington.    P.  140. 

East  Sid'ney,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Miami  River,  opposite  Sidney.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

East  Smith'field,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
in  Smithfield  township,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williams- 
port.     It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  foundry. 

East  Somerville,  siim'm^r-vil,  a  village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Somerville,  1  mile  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Boston.     It  has  a  carriage-factory  and  a  foundry. 

East  Sound,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  San 
Juan  CO.,  Washington,  on  Orcas  Island  and  on  Puget  Sound, 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Whatcom.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Spring'field,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H. 

East  Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Jefiferson  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  3  oburcfaes, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  197. 

East  Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Erie  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie,  and  3 
miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  drug-store. 

East  Springhill,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.    See  Shvara. 

East  Spring'port,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich. 

East  Steu^ben',  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Utica. 

East  Stock'holm,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Brasher  Falls  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Here  is  Stockholm  Post-Office. 

East  Stoneham,ston'ara,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.. 
Me.,  in  Stoneham  township,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Paris.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  spools. 

East  Stoughton,  sto'tpn,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  17  miles  S.  of  Boston. 

East  Strouds'burg,  a  post-borough  of  Monroe  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  &  Lackawanna  Railroad  (Strouds- 
burg  Station),  about  2^  miles  W.  of  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  silk-mill, 
a  knitting-mill,  glass-works,  a  tannery,  boiler-works,  a 
furniture-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  1819. 

East  Sul'livan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me., 
In  Sullivan  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  40  miles  S.E. 
of  Bangor.     It  has  a  granite-quarry  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Sullivan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Sullivan  township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Sum'ner,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central  Railroad,  about  52  miles  N. 
of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Sur'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in 
Surry  township,  on  ao  inlet  of  the  sea,  at  the  mouth  of 
Union  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Ellsworth.     It  has  a  ship-yard. 

East  Swan'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Swanton 
township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad  and  the  Vermont  &  Canada  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
of  St.  Albans. 

East  Swan'zey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
3  miles  from  Marlborough  Depot.  It  has  a  manufactory  of 
wooden-ware. 

East  Syc'amore,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  3 
miles  from  Lockland. 

East  Syracuse,  slr'a-kuz,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  and  a  station  on  the  Syracuse  A  Chenango  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  from  Syracuse.     Pop.  in  1880,  1099. 

East  Taun'ton,  a  post-village  in  Taunton  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Taunton  River,  and  on  the  Mid- 
dleborough  &  Taunton  Railroad,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  is  the  seat  of  important  manufactures. 

East  Tawas,  taw'was,  a  post-village  of  Iosco  co., 
Mich.,  in  Baldwin  township,  on  Saginaw  or  Tawas  Bay,  near 
Lake  Huron,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Tawas  City,  and  about  52  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  union  school. 
Large  quantities  of  lumber  are  procured  near  it  and  ex- 
ported in  vessels.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  3  saw-mills,  a 
money-order  post-office,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops, 
and  2  planing-mills.     Pop.  about  900. 

East  Templeton,  tem'p'l-tgn,  a  post-village  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  in  Templeton  township,  about  13  miles  W. 
•f  Pitchburg.     It  is  2  miles  from  Templeton  Railroad  Sta- 


tion.    It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  furniture,  and  toys. 

East  Templeton,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Ottawa  River,  8  miles  below  Ottawa.  It  has  s 
good  lumber-trade  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  175. 

East  Tex'as,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Macungie  township,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Allentown.  It 
has  2  churches. 

East  Thet'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich., 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

East  Thetford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Thetford  township,  at  Thetford  Station. 

East  Thompson,  tomp'son,  a  post-village  of  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  53  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Thorn'dike,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me., 
S  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  6  church  organizations. 
Pop.  about  200. 

East  Til'ton,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Tilton  township,  on  the  Winnepesaukee  River,  and  on  the 
Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  21  i  miles  N.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  excelsior  (a 
wood  fibre  for  mattresses),  flour,  and  lumber. 

East  Ti'tusville,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  station  on  the 
Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  li  miles 
E.  of  Titusville. 

East  Tole'do,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Maumee  River,  nearly  opposite  Toledo.  It  is  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  and  several  other  railroads. 

East'tOAVn,  a  township  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  736. 

East  Towns'end,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in 
Townsend  township,  6  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Norwalk,  and 
about  1  mile  S.  of  Collins  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  pump-factories.     Pop.  about  275. 

East  Troups'bHrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  oo , 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

East  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Troy  township,  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Troy,  and  about 
15  miles  W.  of  Towanda.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

East  Troy,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in 
East  Troy  township,  on  Honey  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.W. 
of  Milwaukee.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  butter,  cheese,  and  flour.  Pop.  402.  The 
township  contains  several  small  lakes.     Pop.  1406. 

East  Trum'bull,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
3  miles  from  Rock  Creek  Station,  and  about  45  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  300. 

East  Tur'ner,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me. 

East  Tyrone,  ti-ron',  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Snyder  township,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Branch  Rail- 
road, IJ  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
brick-yard.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Union,  yun'yun,  a  hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky., 
7  miles  from  Carlisle.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  Union 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  carriage-shop 
and  a  furniture-factory. 

East  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  4i 
miles  S.W,  of  Carver  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

East  Union  (New  Guilford  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Coshocton  CO.,  0.,  in  Perry  township,  about  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

East  Union  (McCleary  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  in  Stock  township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caldwell,  and 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  church,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  dry-goods 
stores.     Pop.  857. 

East  Union,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  about 
24  miles  W.  of  Canton,  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland, 
Mount  Vernon  A  Columbus  Railroad.  Pop.  1865.  East 
Union  Post-Office  is  4  miles  E.  of  Wooster. 

East  Union,  a  township  of  Schuylkiil  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
614.     It  contains  Girard  Manor,  and  has  coal-mines. 

East  U'nity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  mineral  spring,  a  hotel, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Vale,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafi"ord,  near 
Longton,  in  the  borough  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.     Pop.  1409. 

East  Val'Iey,  a  post-office  of  McEean  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  Smethport. 

East  Var'ick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
Varick  township,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  15  or  16  miles  S.E. 
Geneva.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 


1 


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East  Vas'salborough,  a  post-village  in  Vassal- 
borough  township,  Kennebec  CO.,  Me.,  on  China  Lalce, 
•bout  1+  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

East  Venice,  ven'is,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  oo., 
N.Y.,  18  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

East  Vic'tor,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Victor 
township,  1 J  miles  from  Victor  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

East  View,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hardin  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
64  miles  S.  of  Louisville.     Here  is  a  church. 

East'ville,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
Northampton  co.,  Va.,  is  on  a  narrow  peninsula  between 
the  Atlantic  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  45  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Norfolk,  and  2  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
carriage-shops,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

East'ville,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, 23  miles  from  Brookfield.     Pop.  250. 

East  Vin'cent,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill.     Pop.  1961.     It  contains  Spring  City. 

East  Vine'land,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
3  miles  from  Landisville,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Vineland. 

East  Vir'gil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Virgil  township,  1^  miles  from  Messengerville  (State  Bridge 
Station).     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Waco,  wa'ko,  a  village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex., 
im  the  river  Brazos,  opposite  Waco.     Pop.  612, 

East  Wake'field,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

East  Wakefield  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co., 
;Sr.H.,  on  the  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  103 
;niles  N.  of  Boston. 

East  Wales,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me. 

East  Waliingford,  wil'ling-ford,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Ifew  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Middletown 
iailroad,  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven. 

East  Wallingford,  a  post- village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
■  m  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Rutland, 
't  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

East  Walpole,  w6l'pol,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  in  Walpole  township,  1  mile  from  Tilton's  Station, 
iind  7  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Dedham.  It  has  2  churches, 
1!  paper-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Ware'ham,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
"vlass.,  in  Wareham  township,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad  (at 
Agawam  Station),  51  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
( hurch,  a  foundry,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  nail-factory. 

East  War'ren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co,  Vt., 
in  Warren  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Roxbury.  It  has  a 
church. 

East  Wash'burn,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
dn  the  Aroostook  River, 

East  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co,, 
JT.H,,  in  Washington  township,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Con- 
<ord.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Wat'erborough,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me. 

East  Wat'erford,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co..  Pa., 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
iQill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

East  Wat^erioo',  a  township  in  Black  Hawk  oo,, 
Iowa.     Pop.  883,  exclusive  of  Waterloo. 

East  Wat'ertown,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass., 
on  the  Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Boston. 

East  Watertown,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  N,Y, 

East  Wa'verly.  a  station  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  <fe 
Sayre  Railroad,  near  AVavkrly,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Weare,  wair.  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  oo., 
N.H.,  in  Weare  township,  on  the  Manchester  &  North 
Weare  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W,  of  Concord. 

East  Web'ster,  a  station  in  Webster  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Southbridge  Branch  of  the  New 
York  A  New  England  Railroad,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

East  Westmore'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  and  a  station  oii  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W, 
of  Keene,     It  has  a  church. 

East  Weymouth,  wa'miith,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk 
00.,  Mass.,  14i  miles  by  rail  S.S.E,  of  Boston.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  nail-factory,  a  wool-scouring  factory, 
a  tannery,  a  newspaper  office,  and  5  manufactories  of  boots 
and  shoes. 

East  Whately,  what'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad  (at  Whately  Station),  26  miles  N.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  rope-factory,  a  cotton-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  brooms  and  brushes. 

East  WKeat'field,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa,, 
bounded  S.  by  the  Conemaugh  River,     Pod.  786. 


East  Wheat'land,  a  post-office  of  Will  co..  111. 

East  White'land,  a  township  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1222.     It  contains  Glenloch. 

East  Williamsburg,  wll'yams-burg,  a  village  of 
Newtown  township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southside  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  from  Hunter's  Point,  It  has  a  church,  a 
rope-walk,  a  brewery,  Ac,  and  is  connected  with  Brooklyn 
by  street-railway.     The  station-name  is  Fresh  Pond, 

East  Williamsbnrgh,  a  post-village  -in  Dundas  oo,, 
Ontario,  2i  miles  from  Aultsville.     Pop,  100. 

East  Williamson,  wil'yam-spn,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Williamson  Station,  and 
about  25  miles  E.  of  Rochester,  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
saw-rnill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

East  Wil'liston,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y,, 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jamaica,  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks 
and  fertilizers. 

East  Wil'son,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co,,  N.Y.,  in 
Wilson  township,  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  head- 
ing and  staves. 

East  Wil'ton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co,.  Me.,  in 
Wilton  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Farmington,  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  scythe-factory. 

East  Windham,  wind'am,  post-office,  Greene  co,,  N.Y. 

East  Windsor,  win'zpr,  a  post-township  of  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles  N.E,  of  Hartford,  is  bounded  on 
the  W,  by  tbe  Connecticut  River.  Pop.  2882,  It  contains 
the  villages  of  Warehouse  Point,  Broad  Brook,  Scantic,  and 
Windsorville,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Connecticut  Central 
Railroad. 

East  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Windsor,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2383.     It  contains  the  borough  of  Hightstown. 

East  Windsor,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Nineveh  Branch  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Windsor  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co., 
Conn.,  in  South  Windsor  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
7|  miles  above  Hartford.  Here  is  the  Verner  Episcopal 
School. 

East  Win'field,  a  hamlet  in  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Richfield  Springs  Branch  of  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton 
A  New  York  Railroad,  11  miles  from  Richfield  Springs. 

East  Winn,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

East  Win'throp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me., 
in  Winthrop  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery. 

East  Wo'burn,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Woburn  township,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  A  Nashua 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Stoneham  Branch,  9  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Boston.     Here  is  Montvale  Post-Office. 

East  Wolf'borough,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
at  Cotton  Valley  Station  on  the  Wolfborough  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Wolfborough.     Here  is  a  church. 

East'wood,  a  post-borough  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  manufactures  of 
staves  and  heading.     The  name  of  its  station  is  Garfield. 

Eastwood,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Eastwood,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  43 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  200. 

East  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  of  Windham  oo.. 
Conn.,  in  Woodstock  township,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  and  manufao 
tures  of  sash,  blinds,  ploughs,  Ac. 

East  Worcester,  wSSs't^r,  a  post-village  of  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Worcester  township,  on  the  Albany  A  Susque- 
hanna Railroad,  57  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  blue-stone  factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

East  Wrightstown,rits't6wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown 
CO.,  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Greenieaf  Station,  and  about  13  milei 
S.  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Eastyn,  a  town  of  Wales      See  Hope. 

Easy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. 

Eaton,  ee'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Thornapple  and 
Battle  Creeks,  which  rise  within  its  limits.  The  surface  it 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  a  deep 
and  fertile  loam,  which  is  partly  calcareous.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad  and  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  both  of  whiob 


EAT 


1090 


EBE 


run  fhrough  Charlotte,  the  capital.  The  Detroit,  Lansing 
&  Northern  Railroad  also  traverses  its  northern  parts.  Pop. 
in  1870,  25,171;  in  1880,  31,225;  in  1890,  32,094, 

£atoii,  a  post- village  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  7  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Greeley.  It  has  2  church  organizations,  a  newspaper 
office,  flour-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  of  Eaton  township,  720. 

Satoiif  or  Por'terville,  a  post-village  of  Crawford 
CO.,  111.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Robinson.  It  has  a  church,  2 
saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  general  stores. 

EatoU)  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Muncie.  It  hns 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, a  woollen-mill,  and  an  academy. 

£aton)  Aroostook  co.,  Me.     See  Easton. 

Eaton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  21  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vanceborough,  93  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Bangor,  61  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Machias,  and 
about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calais. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.  Pop.  514.  It 
oontains  Eaton  Centre. 

£aton,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.T.,  in  Eaton 
township,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  New  York, 
Ontario  &  Western  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Norwich,  and 
6  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Morrisville,  the  county  seat. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  manufactures  of  port 
able  steam-engines,  cheese,  butter,  and  furniture,  a  grist- 
mill, &<!.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  3121. 

£aton,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.  Pop.  1139.  It 
oontains  a  part  of  La  Porte. 

£aton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  is  on 
Seven-Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Pittsburg  A  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  53  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Cincinnati,  and  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
Ac.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2934. 

Eaton,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
830.     Eaton  Post-Office  is  2  miles  from  Tunkhannock. 

Eaton,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mid- 
dle Branch  of  the  Forked  Deer  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Dyersburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores.    Pop.  100. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  499. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  326.  It 
Is  traversed  by  the  Black  River. 

Eaton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Eaton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Eaton  township,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.    It  has  a  church. 

Eaton  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Que- 
bec, 20  miles  N.E.  of  Compton.  It  contains  a  tannery  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Eaton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Augusta  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Ypsilanti.  It  has  a 
church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  drill-factory. 

Eaton  Rapids,  a  post- village  of  Eaton  oo.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing, 
and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  plnning- 
mills,  2  flour-mills,  a  fruit-evaporator,  and  manufacturi's 
of  edge-tools,  axes,  and  carriages.  Here  are  artesian  wells, 
the  water  of  which  is  reputed  to  possess  magnetic  proper- 
ties.    Pop.  in  1890,  1970. 

Eaton's,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg. 

Eaton's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  from  Esperancc  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eaton's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Eaton's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-township  of  Loudon 
CO.,  Tenn. 

Eaton's  Neck,  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Hunting- 
ton Bay,  Long  Island.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  134  feet 
high.     Lat.  40°  57'  5"  N.;  Ion.  73°  24'  12"  W. 

Eatonton,  ee'tpn-tgn,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Putnam 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  21 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Milledgeville,  and  about  80  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  a  cotton  compress,  a  canning-fac- 
tory, and  a  carriage-factory.  Fourteen  thousand  bales  of 
cotton  are  received  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  1682. 

Eat'ontown,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Long 
Branch,  at  the  junction  of  the  Port  Monmouth  Branch  Rail- 
road, and  32  miles  S.  of  New  York.     It  has  6  churches, 


a  tannery,  a  hat-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Here  ii 
the  Monmouth  Park  Race-Course. 

Eat'onville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  4^ 
miles  N.W.  of  Little  Falls.     It  has  a  church. 

Eau  Claire,  o^klair',  a  county  in  the'W.  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Chippewa  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Eau 
Claire  River  and  Otter  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad.  Capital,  Eau  Claire.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,769  ;  in  1875,  15,991;  in  1880,  19,993;  in  1890,  30,673. 
Eau  Claire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Berrien  Centre,  and  3i  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Berrien  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  saw-, 
grist-,  and  cider-mills,  and  manufactures  of  churn-covers. 
Eau  Claire,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  19  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Butler.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Eau  Claire,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Eau  Claire  co., 
Wis.,  is  on  the  Chippewa  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
at  the  mouth  ofthe  river  of  its  own  name,  10  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  of  Chippewa  Falls,  and  94  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.  It  contains  a  court-house,  several  churches,  4  banks, 
a  $40,000  high  school,  10  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  linen- 
mill,  a  woollen-mill,  4  grist-mills,  2  breweries,  a  furniture- 
factory,  a  trunk-factory,  3  foundries,  2  pearl-button  facto- 
ries, and  2  daily  and  6  weekly  newspaper  offices.  It  has  a 
bridge  across  each  of  its  rivers,  is  the  chief  commercial 
city  of  Northwestern  Wisconsin,  and  has  a  very  large  trade 
in  lumber,  about  300,000,000  feet  being  manufactured  here 
in  a  year.     Pop.  in  1890,  17,415. 

Eau  Claire  River,  Marathon  co..  Wis.  See  Bia  Eau 
Claire. 

Eau  Claire  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Clark  co.  by 
two  branches,  called  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which 
mnite  in  the  E.  part  of  Eau  Claire  co.  It  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  at  Eau  Claire  City. 
It  is  nearly  120  miles  long,  including  one  fork.  The  name 
is  French,  and  signifies  "clear  water." 

Eaudevie,  oMi-vee',  a  post-village  of  Christian  oo., 
Mo.,  11  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Ozark. 

Eau  Galle,  5'gar,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in 
St.  Croix  CO.,  runs  southeastward  and  southward,  and  enters 
the  Chippewa  River  at  Durand,  in  Pepin  co. 

Eau  Galle,  a  post  village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  or  near 
Eau  Galle  River,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Menomonee,  and  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Durand.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  100. 

Eau  Gallie,  a  post-village  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  In- 
dian River,  3  miles  from  the  sea-coast,  and  about  300  mile? 
S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Eau  Pleine,  5-plain',  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis., 
bounded  E.  by  the  river  Wisconsin.  Pop.  509.  It  contains 
Juelson.  Eau  Pleine  Station  is  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad.  25  miles  S.  of  Wausau. 

Eau  Pleine  River.    See  Big  Eau  Pleine. 

Eaux-Itonnes,  or  Les  Eaux-Bonnes,  \h,z  5-bonn, 
a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Basses^Pyr^n^es,  22  miles  S.  of  Pau. 
It  is  frequented  for  its  sulphur  springs.     Pop.  917. 

Eaux-Chaudes,  o-shod,  or  Aigues-Chaudes,  aig- 
shod,  a  hamlet  of  France,  adjacent  to  Eaux-Bonnes. 

Eaux- Vives,  5-veev,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  a  suburb 
of  Geneva,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Lake  Leman.     Pop.  5875. 

Eauze,  oz,  or  Euse,  uz  (anc.  Ehisa),  a  town  of  Franci , 
in  Gers,  on  the  Gelise,  an  affluent  of  the  Garonne,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  4397. 

Eayrestown,  airs'tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Rancocas  Creek,  H  mile? 
above  Lumberton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ebbersdorf-am-Moos.    See  Ebreichsdorp. 

Ebbs'fleet,  a  hamlet  of  England*  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
Isle  of  Thanet,  3i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ramsgate.  Here  the 
Anglo-Saxon  conquerors  first  set  foot  in  England. 

Ebeleben,  a'b§h-I&*ben,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Schwarzburg-Sondershauseii,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sonders- 
hausen.     Pop.  1296.     It  has  a  palace  of  the  prince. 

Ebelsberg,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Ebersberg. 

Eb'eltoft,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Aarhuus,  on  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1313. 

Ebene'zer,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Ebenezer,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Holmes  co,, 
Miss.,  10  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches,  Ac.  ~ 

Ebenezer,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  9  miles 
of  S])ringfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 


I 


EBE 


1091 


ECH 


Ebenezer^  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Buffalo 
Creek,  and  on  the  Western,  New  York  <fc  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  a  German  academy.  Pop.  about  500. 
This  village,  with  a  large  tract  of  land,  was  owned  by  a 
society  of  Germans  who  styled  themselves  "  The  Community 
of  True  Inspiration,"  who  now  reside  at  Amana,  Iowa. 

Ebenezer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dayton. 
Ebenezer,  Indiana  co..  Pa.     See  Lkwisville. 
Ebeuezer,  a  post-offiee  of  Florence  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  76  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-gin. 
Ebenezer,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2167. 
Ebenezer,  a  post- village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Concord,  and  1 0  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches, 
the  Ebenezer  Institute,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Ebenezer  Creek,  of  Georgia,  runs  southeastward 
through  Effingham  co.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River. 

Ebenfurt,  i'ben-fSoRt^,  a  town  of  Austria,  24  miles  S. 
of  Vienna,  on  the  Leytha.     Pop.  1000. 

E'bensburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Cambria  co., 
Pa.,  is  on  an  eminence  about  15  miles  (direct)  W,  of  Al- 
toona.     By  railroad  it  is  112  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  26 
miles  from  Altoona.     The  Ebensburg  Branch  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  11  miles  long,  extends  from  this  place 
I  to  Cresson,  and  there  connects  with  the  main  line.     It  has 
i  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  stone  jail,  an  academy,  6  churches, 
'  3  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-factory,  2  tanneries,  and  an 
I  extensive  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1202. 
'      Eberbach,   i'ber-b8,K\   a  village   of  Baden,  on   the 
'  Neckar,  23  miles  E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  4105. 

Eberbach,  a  village  of  Prussia,  near  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  3  miles  N.  of  Hattenheim.     Its  vineyard  is 
the  most  elevated  in  Rheingau  (200  feet),  and  produces  one 
!  of  the  best  wines  of  the  district. 

Ebergassing,  i'b§r-ga.s^sing,  or  OebergS.ssling, 
B'b^r-ghSs^sling,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa, 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1653. 

Eb'erhardt,  a  post-village  of  White  Pine  co.,  Nevada, 
5  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  quartz- 
mill  of  60  stamps  for  silver,  which  is  found  here. 

Eberle,  eb'er-le,  a  post-office  of  Effingham  co..  111. 
Eb'erly's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  1  mile  from  White  Hill  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  125. 
Ebermannstadt,  i'b§r-minn-stitt\  atown  of  Bavaria, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  709. 

Ebern,  i'bern,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Baunach,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  1116. 

Ebernburg,  i'bern-b5oRG\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Pa- 
latinate, an  the  Nahe,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  566. 
Ebersbach,  i'b§rs-b5.K\  a  village  of  Saxony,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Bautzen,  on  the  Bohemian  frontier.    Pop.  7049.    It 
is  a  seat  of  the  linen-manufacture. 

Ebersberg,  i'b§rs-b5RG*,  orEbelsberg,  i'b^ls-bfiRO^ 
a  village  of  Austria,  on  the  Traun,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lintz. 
The  French  defeated  the  Austriana  here.  May  3,  1809. 

Ebersberg,  a  village  of  Upper  Bavaria,  18  miles  B.S.E. 
of  Munich.     Pop.  1914. 

Ebersburg,  i'bers-bo5RG\  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  4 
miles  E.  of  Backnang.     Pop.  279. 

Ebersdorf,  i'bers-doRf  \  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Reuss- 
Sohleitz,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  998. 
Ebersdorf-am-Moos.    See  Ebreichsdorf. 
Ebersdorf  on  the   Danube,  or  Kaiser  (ki'z?r) 
Ebersdorf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  1337. 

Ebersheim,  i'bers-hlme',  a  village  of  Alsace,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Schlettstadt.'   Pop.  1752. 

Eberstadt,  i'b§r-stitt\  a  town  of  Hesse,  4  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2861. 

Eb'ervale,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  Coal  is  extensively  mined  near  it.  It  has  a 
thurcb  and  170  houses,  shops,  Ac. 

Ebesfalva,  i^b5sh^f5rv6h\  or  Elisabethstadt, 
i-lee8'a-bSt-stitt\  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  a  railway,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Hermannstadt.     Pop.  2550. 

Ebhausen,  Sb-how'z§n,  or  Mollhansen,  mol-h5w'- 
E^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Nagold. 
Pop.  1320. 

Ebingen,  i'bing-en,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bahlingen.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  hosiery,  and  leather.     Pop.  5605. 


Eblana,  an  ancient  name  of  Dublin. 
Eboe,  a  town  of  Guinea.     See  Aboh. 
Eboli,  i'bo-le,  or  Evoli,  4'vo-le  (anc.  Eburi),  a  towB 
of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Salerno. 
Pop.  8947. 

Ebora,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Evora. 
Eboracum,  the  Latin  name  of  York. 
Eboulemens,  Quebec.    See  Les  Eboulemens. 
Ebre,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Ebro. 
Ebreichsdorf,  fib'riKs-doRf\  or  Ebersdorf-am- 
Moos,  i'bers-doRf '-im-moce,  a  village  of  Austria,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ebenfurt.     Pop.  1013. 

Ebreuil,  i^brui'  (anc.  Ebrolhim?),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Allier,  5  miles  W.  of  Gannat,  on  the  Sioule.     Pop.  2287. 
Ebringen,  5b'ring-?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1025. 

Ebro,  ee'bro  (Sp.  pron.  i'sro;  Fr.  Ehre,  aib'r;  anc. 
Tbe'rus),  a  river  in  the  N.E.  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  province 
of  Santander,  12  miles  W.  of  Reynosa,  flows  generally  S.E., 
past  Logrono,  Calahorra,  Tudela,  Saragossa,  and  Tortosa, 
and  enters  the  Mediterranean  in  lat.  40°  42'  N.,  Ion.  0°  50' 
E.  Length,  340  miles.  Its  navigation  is  difficult,  on  ac- 
count of  its  rapidity  and  the  rocks  in  its  bed,  and  several 
canals  have  been  cut  for  its  improvement. 

Ebrodunum  or  Eburodunum  Caturigium.  See 
Embrun. 

Ebroicse,  the  ancient  name  of  Evreux. 
Ebrolium,  the  suiiposed  ancient  name  of  Ebreuii.. 
Ebsambool,  or  Ebsambul.    See  Ipsambool. 
Ebstorf,  Sbs'toRf  or  fips'toRf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  15  miles  S.  of  Liineburg.     Pop.  1401. 
Ebudes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Hebrides. 
Ebura,  a  supposed  ancient  name  for  the  river  Ehre. 
Eburacum,  an  ancient  name  of  York. 
Eburi,  an  ancient  name  of  Eboli. 
Eburovices,  an  ancient  name  of  Evreux. 
Ebnrum,  a  Latin  name  for  Olmutz. 
Ebus,  i^boos',  or  Bos,  bos,   one  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Mindoro,  with  a  good  harbor. 
Ebusus,  the  ancient  name  of  IvigA. 
Eby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  N.  of 
Boonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Ecanssines,  i^kos'seen',  a  Tillage  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  on  the  Sonne,  and  on  the  Namur  Railway,  at  a 
railway  junction,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Mens.  It  has  great 
stone-quarries.     Pop.  3700. 

Ecbatana,  the  ancient  name  of  Hamadan. 
Ecclefechan,  Sk^k'l-fSk'an,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  14  miles  E.  of  Dumfries,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  846. 

Eccles,  fik'klz,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  4 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Manchester,  with  many  cotton-mills. 
Pop.  of  parish,  67,770. 

Eccleshall,  fik'k'lz-hir,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Stafford,  at  a  railway  junction,  6  J  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stafford. 
Pop.  1484. 

Eccloo,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Eecloo. 
Echack,  a  town  of  India.     See  Eechauk. 
Ech^acon'nee,  also  called  Tochocu'no,  a  creek  of 
Georgia,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee  River  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Bibb  co. 

Echaconnee,  or  Echeconnee,  a  station  in  Hous- 
ton CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Macon,  and  on  Echaconnee  Creek. 

Echallens,  i^shirifiNo'  (Ger.  Tgcherlitz,  ohjR'lits),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Lausanne.     Pop.  1079. 

Echauffbur,  i^shof^fooR',  a  town  of  Prance,  depart- 
ment of  Orne,  19  miles  E.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  1414. 
]^chelles,  France.     See  Les  Echelles. 
Echemin,  a  river  of  Canada.     See  Etchemin. 
Echinades.    See  Kurzolari  Islands. 
E-  Ching',  Ee-  Chang,  or  Itchang,  e-ching',  a  town 
and  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  200  miles  above  Chin-Kiang-Foo. 

Echinos,  i-kee'nos,  a  town  of  Greece,  department  of 
Acarnania  and  ^tolia.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Echinusa,  an  island  of  Greece.  See  Argf.ntii!.iIA. 
Echmied^zin',  or  Etchmiadzin,  5tch-me-id-zeen', 
a  town  and  the  ecclesiastical  capital  of  Armenia,  in  the 
Russian  dominions,  15  miles  W.  of  Erivan,  and  25  miles 
N.  of  Mount  Ararat.  It  has  a  large  fortified  convent, 
comprising  a  magnificent  church,  bazaars,  Ac,  and  is  the 
seat  of  the  Catholicos,  or  primate  of  the  Armenian  church. 
Pop.  465. 

Echmin,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Akhmym. 
Echo,  5k'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles  W 
of  Abbeville.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 


ECH 


1092 


ECU 


£cho,  a  post-oflBce  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas. 

£uho,  a  post-oflBce  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

£chOy  a  post-village  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hanley  Falls,  and  19  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Granite  Falls.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  &c.  Pop.  about 
150. 

Echo,  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Pendleton.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  100. 

£cho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  about  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

£chO)  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn. 

£cho  Cafton,  kin'yon,  a  ravine  of  remarkable  gran- 
deur in  Summit  co.,  Utah,  near  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Echo  City,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  is  near 
Weber  River,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ogden,  and  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  or 
lignite  is  found  near  it.     Elevation,  5315  feet. 

Echo  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  West 
Milford  township,  2  miles  from  Charlotteburg  Station.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

£cho]s,  ek'ols,  a  county  in  the  S.  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Allapaha  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Little  Suwanee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
partly  covered  with  forests  :  the  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Florida  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf 
Railroad.  Capital,  Statenville.  Pop.  in  1870,  1978;  in 
1880,  2553;  in  1890,  3079. 

Echt,  fiKt,  or  Egt,  Snt.  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Limburg,  9  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Roermond,  on  the  Meuse. 

Echterdingen,  ^K't§r-ding*§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  5  miles  S.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1832. 

Echternach,  JK't^r-niK^  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Luxemburg,  on  the  Sure,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Luxemburg. 
It  has  manufactures  of  damasks  and  paper.     Pop.  3800. 

Echu'ca,  formerly  Hop'wood's  Ferry,  a  borough 
of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  Rodney  co.,  on  the  navigable 
river  Murray,  is  connected  by  railway  with  Melbourne, 
which  is  166  miles  S.  A  floating  bridge,  354  feet  long,  here 
crosses  the  river  to  Moama,  a  village  of  New  South  Wales. 
Echuca  receives  and  ships  by  rail  much  wool,  &o.,  and  is 
the  second  place  in  the  colony  in  the  value  of  its  imports. 
Its  fisheries  are  important.     Pop.  3695. 

Echzell,  fiK-tsfiir,  a  village  of  Hesse, in Ober-Hessen, on 
the  Horloff,  5  miles  S.SJ!.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1512. 

EcUa,  i'the-nS,  (anc.  Astigi),  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Genii.  It  has  nu- 
merous convents,  hospitals,  churches,  and  Roman  remains, 
and  a  fine  public  walk  near  the  river,  ornamented  with 
statues  and  fountains.  Its  vicinity  is  fertile  in  corn  and 
oil,  but  the  town  is  so  hot  as  to  be  called  the  "  frying-pan 
of  Andalusia."  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen 
ftloths,  linens,  and  leather.     Pop.  27,216. 

Eckartsberga,  fik'karts-bfiR^gi,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Paxony,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1953. 

Eck'elson,  a  post-village  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  14  miles 
oy  rail  W.  of  Valley  City.  It  has  a  church,  &c.  Here  is 
Lake  Eckelson,  whose  saline  waters  have  no  outlet.  It  is  6 
miles  long  and  1  mile  broad.     Elevation,  1418  feet. 

Eckenberg,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Egexberg. 

Eckernfbrde,  Sk'kem-foRMeh,  or  Eckernfiord,  fik'- 
^rn-fe-0Rd\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  Baltic,  10  miles  E.S.B.  of  Sleswick.  Pop.  4995.  It  has 
an  invalid  asylum  and  a  normal  school,  with  distilleries, 
ship-yards,  and  a  malting-trade. 

Eckersdorf,  Sk'k§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Breslau,  circle  of  Glatz.     Pop.  955. 

Eckersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Bres- 
lau, circle  of  Namslau.     Pop.  1183. 

Eckersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Lieg- 
nitz,  circle  of  Sagan.     Pop.  1042. 

Eck'erty,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  49  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  free  school.  Pop.  about  250.  The  name  of  its  station 
is  Boston. 

Eck'ford,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1141. 

Eckford  JLake,  New  York,  lies  among  the  mountains 
tn  the  N.  central  part  of  Hamilton  co.  It  is  nearly  5  miles 
long,  and  is  1791  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Eck'hart  Mines,  a  mining  post-village  of  Alleghany 
00.,  Md.,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Eckhart  Branch  Railroad, 
9i  miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  2  churches  and  5  stores. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Eckhnng  Choo,  Sk^kiing'  choo,  a  river  of  Thibet,  sup- 
posed to  be  the  main  head-stream  of  the  Indus.     It  rises  in 


the  Kailas  Mountains,  lat.  31°  20'  N.,  Ion.  81°  15'  E., 
and  assumes  the  name  of  the  Indus  about  Ion.  79°  E. 

Eck'ley,  a  post-village  of  Yuma  co.,  Col.,  13  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Yuma.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Eckley,  a  post- village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  33  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Gold  Beach. 

Eckley,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  branches 
of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroads, 
20  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre,  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Hazleton. 
It  has  3  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations 
in  coal,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1241. 

Eck'mansville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Winchester.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  an  academy. 

Eckmiihl,  Sk'mQl  (Ger.  Eggmiihl,  fik'miil),  a  village 
oif  Bavaria,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ratisbon,  on  the  Great  Labor. 
It  is  celebrated  for  a  victory  of  the  French  over  the  Aus- 
trians,  April  22, 1809,  for  which  Davoust  was  created  Prince 
of  Eckmuhl.     Pop.  110, 

EcMec'tic,  a, post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Eclipse,  e-klips',  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind,, 
15  miles  by  rail  (Norman  Station)  E.  by  N.  of  Bedford 
and  13  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Brownstown. 

Eclipse  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small,  rocky,  barren 
islands  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  35°  12'  S.;  Ion.  117°  53'  E, 

Ecommoy,  i^kom^mwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1841. 

Ecou'omy,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Martindale  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  River,  about  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  carriage-shop, 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  229. 

Economy,  or  West  Covington,  kuv'ing-t9n,  Ky., 
has  a  Franciscan  institution. 

Economy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  about  56 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Economy,  a  post-village  of  Harmony  township,  Beaver 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  a  German  community,  founded 
by  George  Rapp,  and  called  Harmonists. 

Economy,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1324. 

Economy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Bethel  Station  (Bethel  Springs).  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Economy,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Economy  River  where  it  empties  into  Minas  Bay, 
32  miles  W.  of  Londonderry.     Pop.  350. 

Ecorce,  or  Ecorse,  e-kors',  a  post-village  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  River,  in  Ecorce  township,  on 
the  Toledo,  Canada  Southern  &  Detroit  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Detroit  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Jlailroad, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  ex- 
clusive of  Wyandotte,  2425. 

Ecosse  and  Ecossais.    See  Scotland. 

Ecouch^,  i^koo^shi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  4 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Argentan,  on  the  Orne.     Pop.  1442. 

Ecouen,  &'koo-fiN»'  or  ^^kwiuo',  a  market-town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  10  miles  N.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1296. 

Ecourt- Saint- Quentin,  i'kooR'-s&No'-kiNo'tiN"',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Arras. 

Ecrehou,  Sk'r^hoo',  a  group  of  low  rocky  islets  in  the 
English  Channel,  5  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Jersey. 

Ec^ricok',  or  Ic^ricok',  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the 
Old  Calabar  River,  about  100  miles  N.  of  its  mouth.  Old 
EcRicOK  is  much  higher  up  the  same  river. 

Ecsed,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Etsed. 

Ecseg,  i^chfig',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neograd, 
on  the  Zagyva,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hatvan.     Pop.  1529. 

Ecska,  ech'kSh^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nagy-Becskerek.     Pop.  4400. 

Ec'tor,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Bonham.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200.^ 

Ecuador,  fik-w^-doR'  {i.e.,  "  Equator;"  Fr.  Uqtiateur, 
S,^kwiHuR';  Port.  £'g'u«dor,i-kw4-doR'),  a  republic  of  South 
America,  lying  under  the  equator,  whence  it  takes  its  name. 
It  has  the  republic  of  Colombia  on  the  N.,  Peru  on  the  S., 
the  Pacific  on  the  W.,  and  Brazil  on  the  E.  Its  greatest 
breadth  from  N.  to  S.  is  near  the  sea-coast ;  towards  the  E. 
it  contracts  uniformly.  Its  length,  from  Cape  San  Lorenzo, 
Ion.  80°  40'  W.,  to  its  E.  limit,  is  about  800  miles,  and  its 
area  as  officially  estimated  in  1891  is  118,630  square  miles. 
Still,  as  on  its  N.,  S.,  and  E.  frontiers  there  are  vast  regions 
claimed  by  the  neighboring  states  as  well  as  by  Ecuador 


ECtJ 


1093 


ECU 


until  the  boundaries  are  definitely  settled  the  area  of  the 
latter  can  only  be  approximated.  The  Galapagos  Islands 
are  claimed  by  Ecuador. 

This  republic,  like  the  others  situate  along  the  Andes,  em- 
Draces  every  variety  of  climate,  having  tierras  calientes,  or 
low  tracts,  insufferably  hot;  templadas,  or  temperate  re- 
gions, from  6000  to  9000  feet  above  the  sea ;  frida,  or  cold 
districts,  extending  from  the  upper  limits  of  the  preceding 
to  the  borders  of  the  paramos,  or  cold  deserts,  lying  between 
the  elevation  of  11,000  feet  and  the  limits  of  perpetual 
snow;  and,  finally,  the  nevados  or  snowy  heights  them- 
selves. The  culminating  summits  in  this  part  of  the 
Andes  are  ranged  close  together  in  double  file,  or  along  the 
outer  edges  of  a  narrow  elevated  longitudinal  ridge,  in  the 
hollows  of  which  is  collected  the  chief  population  of  the 
state.  On  the  W.  of  this  ridge,  towards  the  sea,  the  de- 
clivities of  the  Cordillera  are  covered  with  dense  forests. 
On  the  E.  also  impenetrable  forests  occupy  the  mid-region 
between  the  temperate  heights  and  the  interminable  plains 
below.  The  central  ridge  or  elevated  region  of  Ecuador  is 
formed  by  a  double  range  of  snow-clad  mountains,  several 
of  them  active  volcanoes,  which  enclose  a  longitudinal  val- 
ley, varying  in  elevation  from  8800  to  13,900  feet,  and  di- 
vided, as  will  be  seen,  by  transverse  barriers.  These  moun- 
tains, which  figure  as  the  most  remarkable  volcanic  group 
(in  the  earth,  are  as  follows : 


W.  Range.         ^^«- ^^^f  *• 

Pas  to 13,450 

l^umbal 15,620 

otocachi 16,380 

Pichincha 15,924 

[Corazon 15,795 

IniQE 17,380 

rCaraguairazo 16,748 

IChimborazo 21,420 


E.  Bangs.         ^ba.  Height. 

Cayambe 19,535 

Guamani  (Sara-Urcu)  

Antisana 19,148 

Cotopaxi 18,880 

Quelemdama 

Tunguragua 16,579 

Sangay 17,120 

Sincholagua 16,360 


ijA.t  the  N.  limit  of  Ecuador,  the  two  chains  uniting  form  the 
ftifamos  de  los  Pastos,  having  on  their  N.  and  S.  borders 
1  espectively  the  volcanoes  of  Pasto  and  Cumbal,  and  inhab- 
ited  to  a  height  of  10,200  feet.  Towards  the  S.,  the  snowy 
(Jordilleras,  separating,  enclose  the  long  valley  of  Quito, 
trhich  is,  however,  more  elevated  than  the  city  from  which 
it  takes  its  name.  The  village  of  Lulumbamba  or  Guala- 
liamba  in  this  valley,  and  the  Nevado  of  Cayambe,  lie  di- 
lectly  under  the  equator.  About  40  miles  S.  of  the  equator 
the  valley  of  Quito  is  closed  by  the  Alto  de  Chisinche,  where 
tbfl  two  branches  of  the  Andes  unite  in  a  single  narrow 
lidge.  S.  of  Chisinche  again  the  ridge  opens,  and  the  val- 
1^  of  Ambato  extends  about  150  miles  in  length,  between 
Ohimborazo  and  Caraguairazo  on  the  one  side  and  the  group 
cf  Sangay  on  the  other.  It  terminates  on  the  S.  at  the 
trachytie  ridge  of  Asuay,  where  the  Paramo  attains  the 
ieight  of  15,528  feet.  Beyond  this,  towards  the  S.,  the 
Valley  of  Cuenca  succeeds,  and  stretches  about  30  miles  to 
tbe  mountains  of  Loja.  None  of- the  summits  on  the  sides 
of  this  valley  attain  the  height  of  perpetual  snow ;  indeed, 
tbe  highest  of  them  probably  does  not  exceed  11,000  feet; 
and  beyond  the  valley  of  Cuenca,  towards  the  Maranon, 
the  hills  sink  to  an  elevation  of  2000  or  3000  feet.  Among 
the  mountains  enumerated  above,  Chimborazo  holds  the 
flrat  place.  Cotopaxi,  though  not  the  highest,  is  the  most 
celebrated  and  conspicuous  peak  in  this  most  remarkable 
region  of  the  Andes. 

The  cultivated  land  of  Ecuador  lies  chiefly  in  the  valleys 
of  Quito,  Ambato,  and  Cuenca.  The  average  height  of 
thia  tract  is  about  9000  feet  above  the  sea,  though  at  its  S. 
extremity,  at  and  beyond  Loja,  it  sinks  about  2000  feet. 
Deep  clefts  or  crevices  sometimes  occur,  which  bring  the 
tropical  vegetation  into  immediate  contiguity  with  that  of 
the  elevated  plains.  Thus,  the  luxuriant  vale  or  glen  of 
Ohota  penetrates  the  plain  of  Ibarra  at  a  depth  of  nearly 
5000  feet.  The  inhabited  districts  on  the  sea-side  near 
Barbacoas  (in  the  republic  of  Colombia),  and  at  Esme- 
raldas  and  Guayaquil,  are  of  small  extent,  and  the  slopes 
of  the  Andes  on  both  sides  are  still  covered  with  wild  forests, 
on  which  the  encroachments  of  human  industry  are  scarcely 
perooptible.  These  forests,  with  the  snowy  heights  and  the 
dreary  paramos  on  the  borders  of  the  snow,  occupy  nineteen- 
twentieths  of  the  area  of  the  state. 

The  Andes  of  Ecuador  may  be  entitled  collectively  a  vol- 
Civnie  group,  but  as  yet  little  has  been  done  towards  the 
minute  examination  of  their  structure.  Chimborazo  is  knowu 
to  be  a  mass  of  trachyte ;  the  ridge  of  Asuay  displays  the 
■J  same  formation  ;  lavas,  pumice,  and  cinders  cover  extensive 
0  traots  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cotopaxi  and  Sangay.  Yet 
the  syenitio  rocks  and  porphyries,  elsewhere  so  charaoter- 
Udo  of  the  Andes,  occur  here  also ;  and  on  the  heights  of 


Cuenca  the  causeways  and  ruined  temples  of  the  Incas  ar 
constructed  of  freestone.  It  is  said  that  gold  was  formerly 
collected  in  several  river-beds  in  the  valley  of  ^mhato  and 
S.  towards  Zeruma,  and  silver  ores  are  believed  to  exist  in 
various  parts  of  the  Cordillera ;  sulphuret  of  mercury  ii 
found  in  Cuenca,  and  platinum  in  Barbacoas ;  but  no  atten- 
tion is  now  given  to  the  mines,  except  those  of  iron  and  cop- 
per. Emeralds,  however,  are  still  gathered,  chiefly  by  In- 
dians, the  mines  being  for  the  most  part  in  impenetrablp 
forests  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Esmeralda. 

The  rivers  are  for  the  most  part  rapid  torrents,  quite  un- 
available for  purposes  of  internal  communication.  Some  of 
the  streams  on  the  coast  may  perhaps  be  plied  for  a  few 
miles  by  the  canoes  of  the  Indians,  but  commerce  derives 
comparatively  little  aid  from  their  navigation.  The  rivers 
of  the  eastern  watershed,  all  tributaries  of  the  Amazon, 
have  long  courses,  but  are  not  generally  navigable  till  they 
reach  the  plains  beyond  the  limits  of  the  settled  parts  of 
the  country.  The  Amazon,  however  (here  called  MaraBon), 
is  navigable  to  Borja  for  large  vessels,  and  for  lighter  craft 
to  Chuchunga.  Flowing  into  it  are  the  Santiago,  Marana, 
Pastaja  or  Pastaza,  Chambira,  Tigre,  Napo,  Ija  or  Putu- 
mayo,  and  Caqueta  or  Japura, — the  last  three  rivers  of  from 
600  to  1000  miles  in  length,  and  all  having  a  S.E.  course. 
The  communication  by  post  with  the  settlements  of  the  in- 
terior, on  the  banks  of  the  Maranon,  is  carried  on  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  by  means  of  Indians,  who,  with  the  packets 
of  letters  tied  in  a  handkerchief  round  the  head,  swim  for 
300  or  400  miles  down  the  great  river,  aided  only  by  a  balsa 
or  float  of  light  wood.  On  the  W.  side  of  the  mountains 
the  chief  rivers  are  the  Mira,  the  Esmeralda,  so  called  from 
the  ancient  emerald-mines  on  its  banks,  and  the  Guayaa, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Caracol  and  the  Daule.  Thia 
river  affords  an  important  comiiiercial  channel.  The  estu- 
ary at  its  mouth,  being  protected  towards  the  sea  by  the 
large  island  of  Puna,  forms  a  secure  and  capacious  harbor, 
called  the  Gulf  of  Puna.  This  island  is  remarkable  as 
having  been  the  landing-place  of  Pizarro  when,  in  1530,  he 
led  his  adventurous  band  to  the  conquest  of  Peru.  Guay- 
aquil, one  of  the  principal  gulfs  on  the  Pacific  coast,  liea 
partly  within  the  republic  of  Ecuador. 

On  the  plain  of  Quito,  9543  feet  above  the  sea,  there 
reigns  a  perpetual  spring,  with  a  temperature  so  constant 
that  even  the  snow-line  on  the  surrounding  mountains  seems 
hardly  to  vary  throughout  the  year.  The  absolute  height 
of  the  line  of  perpetual  congelation  is  here  about  16,700 
feet,  which  is  considerably  lower  than  in  Bolivia,  where, 
owing  to  the  dryness  of  the  climate,  the  fall  of  snow  is 
scanty.  At  Quito  the  rain  is  abundant,  falling  generally 
for  a  few  hours  in  the  afternoon,  and  rarely  so  constant  or 
so  heavy  as  to  mar  seriously  the  enjoyment  derived  from 
the  usually  bright  sky  and  delicious  atmosphere.  It  is  pop- 
ularly believed  that  since  the  earthquake  of  1797  the  tem- 
perature of  Quito  and  the  adjoining  valley  has  been  lower 
than  before ;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  any  change  haa 
taken  place  in  the  vegetable  productions  of  the  country 
since  that  event.  Farther  S.,  in  Loja,  and  E.,  in  the  plains, 
there  is  less  rain  than  at  Quito,  while  in  the  opposite  direc- 
tion, towards  Barbacoas,  it  rains  nearly  every  day.  The 
country  round  Guayaquil  is  inundated  to  a  great  extent 
in  the  rainy  season  (July),  after  which  it  remains  for  some 
months  a  pestilential  marsh,  from  which  issue  incredible 
multitudes  of  reptiles  and  insects.  The  exemption  enjoyed 
by  Quito  and  the  elevated  valleys  from  these  plagues  ia 
counterbalanced  by  their  liability  to  violent  earthquakes. 
The  high  lands  are  often  visited,  too,  by  gusts  of  wind  of 
indescribable  violence. 

The  puma,  and  the  still  more  formidable  jaguar,  together 
with  the  black  bear,  frequent  the  mountains  near  Quito,  and 
descend  even  to  the  sea-shore.  The  tapir  is  one  of  the 
largest  of  the  wild  quadrupeds;  deer  are  numerous,  but 
generally  small.  The  sloth,  bats,  cavies,  iguanas,  much  prized 
as  delicate  food,  and  monkeys  of  many  species  people  the 
interminable  forests.  The  birds,  reptiles,  and  insects  are 
far  too  numerous  to  be  specified.  On  the  sea-coast  life  is 
rendered  miserable  by  the  incessant  stings  of  flies  and  in- 
sects ;  snakes  lie  coiled  in  the  path  of  the  traveller ;  and 
the  banks  of  every  stream  are  guarded  by  alligators.  Fish 
of  many  kinds  are  inconceivably  abundant  along  the  shore, 
but,  owing  to  the  great  heat  of  the  climate,  they  are  of  little 
value ;  they  feed,  however,  myriads  of  birds  of  various  spe- 
cies, and  the  condor,  among  the  rest,  is  said  to  visit  the 
beach  twice  a  day  from  his  home  on  the  highest  Andes — 100 
miles  distant — to  feast  on  the  shell-fish. 

The  botanical  productions  of  this  country  are  many  and 
valuable.  The  cinchona  (Jesuits'  bark)  of  Loja  ia  of  the 
best  kind,  and  seven  species  of  this  genus  are  here  found. 


ECU 


1094 


EDE 


The  cacao  of  the  same  locality,  and  of  the  coast  near  Guay- 
aquil, is  excellent.  Rice  and  pepper  are  cultivated  in  the 
low  country,  while  the  plain  of  Quito  produces  sugar-cane, 
cotton,  maize,  and,  higher  up,  wheat  and  barley.  Wheat, 
which  here  attains  the  greatest  perfection,  and  is  extremely 
prolific,  particularly  when  grown  on  irrigated  lands,  may 
be  regarded  as  the  characteristic  product  of  this  country. 
Among  the  native  products  are  the  potato,  the  quinoa,  the 
wax-palm,  india-rubber,  copal,  dragon's  blood,  and  many 
valuable  kinds  pf  timber.  Coffee,  vegetable  ivory,  leather, 
Panama  hats,  cacao,  skins,  india-rubber,  cinchona,  bamboos, 
sarsaparilla,  archil,  matico,  &c.,  are  leading  articles  of  ex- 
port. In  the  equable  climate  of  Quito  wheat  can  ripen  at 
any  time  of  the  ye<ar,  and  the  season  of  sowing  it  depends 
in  the  several  localities  on  slight  differences  of  elevation. 
An  indigenous  species  of  tobacco,  very  mild,  and  rendered 
fragrant  by  the  process  of  drying,  is  cultivated  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Loja.  The  vast  forests  of  large  timber,  and  the 
abundance  of  tropical  fruits  on  the  sides  and  chiefly  at  the 
W.  foot  of  the  Andes,  add  little  to  the  wealth  of  the  state, 
and  serve  at  present  only  to  shelter  and  support  a  few  tribes 
of  wild  Indians.  Agriculture  is  in  a  low  condition  in  this 
as  in  the  neighboring  states,  being  largely  in  the  hands  of 
the  aboriginal  race. 

The  Indians  of  Ecuador  may  be  considered  industrious, 
though  they  never  manifest  great  energy.  They  weave  cot- 
ton cloth,  and  make  quilts  and  carpets,  which  last  are  highly 
prized  on  account  of  their  brilliant  and  unchangeable  colors. 
Their  pottery  also  merits  commendation.  The  Indians  are 
the  miners,  the  agriculturists,  the  herdsmen,  and,  to  a  great 
extent,  the  manufacturers.  On  the  coast  they  formerly  car- 
ried on  a  profitable  pearl-fishery  ;  but  of  late  years  this  has 
been  abandoned,  chiefly  owing,  it  is  said,  to  the  dread  of  a 
large  cuttle-fish,  the  grasp  of  which  is  fatal  to  the  divers. 
That  the  natives  are  not  deficient  in  nautical  skill  and  bold- 
ness is  evident  from  their  balsas  or  rafts  made  of  light  wood, 
on  which  they  often  venture  to  sea  and  make  voyages  of 
200  or  300  miles  along  the  coast.  The  native  ingenuity  is 
further  manifested  in  the  taravitas  or  rope  bridges  thrown 
over  torrents  and  across  profound  chasms.  The  commerce 
of  Ecuador  is  very  small,  and  is  chiefly  carried  on  through 
the  ports  of  Colombia  and  Peru,  and  through  Guayaquil. 
In  1887  there  were  40  miles  of  railway  in  operation  and 
60  miles  in  course  of  building. 

The  form  of  government  is  i-epublican,  with  a  president 
and  vice-president  as  the  head,  who,  in  conjunction  with 
a  senate  and  a  house  of  representatives,  constitute  the  law- 
making power.  Men  of  all  races  and  complexions  are  polit- 
ically equal.  Religious  liberty,  freedom  of  the  press,  and 
election  to  ofiice  are  established  by  law.  But  the  whites  or 
Spanish  Creoles,  though  numerically  weak,  still  maintain  a 
leading  position  by  means  of  their  superior  education  and 
intelligence.  In  dress  and  domestic  manners  these  people 
differ  in  nothing  from  the  natives  of  Peru.  The  Spaniards 
are  much  given  to  indolent  enjoyment,  swinging  in  ham- 
mocks, and  smoking  cigars.  A  very  broad  hat,  braided 
jacket  and  breeches,  coarse  buskins  on  bare  legs,  and  spurs 
with  rowels  of  enormous  size,  form  the  dress  of  the  peasant. 
The  cavalier  generally  hides  his  other  finery  beneath  an 
ample  cloak  of  cloth  or  velvet.  The  Spanish  language  is 
spoken,  but  education  is  in  a  backward  state. 

Departments. — Ecuador  is  at  present  divided  into  17  de- 
partments, viz.,  Azogues  6  Canar,  Azuay,  Bolivar,  Carchi, 
Chimborazo,  Esmeraldas,  Galapagos,  Guayas,  Imbabura, 
L6on,  Loja,  Los  Rios,  Manabi,  Oriente,  Oro,  Pichincha, 
and  Tungurahua. 

Chief  Towns. — The  chief  towns  are  Quito,  the  capital, 
with  80,000  inhabitants ;  Guayaquil,  the  chief  port  of  the 
state,  and  next  to  Quito  in  population ;  Riobamba,  near 
Chimborazo;  Tacunga,  Ibarra,  Ambato;  Cuenca,  which 
ranks  next  to  Guayaquil  in  population;  Loja,  Esmeraldas, 
and  Zaruma, 

Population,  (kc. — Of  the  population  of  Ecuador  the  abo- 
riginal race,  speaking  the  Quichua  or  some  cognate  lan- 
guage, form  more  than  half;  the  rest  are  negroes,  mulattoes, 
mestizos,  zambos,  and  whites,  the  last  a  small  minority. 
The  negroes  are  comparatively  few,  and  chiefly  on  the  coast. 
Population  in  1885,  according  to  the  census,  1,004,651. 

In  the  time  of  the  Incas  the  mountain-region  from  Quito 
S.  ranked  next  to  the  plains  round  Titicaca  as  the  seat  of 
Peruvian  civilization,  and  the  remains  of  royal  roads  or 
causeways,  and  of  tambos  or  palaces,  at  Cayambe  and  on 
Asuay  (more  than  13,000  feet  above  the  sea),  still  attest 
the  perseverance,  grandeur  of  design,  and  careful  workman- 
ship of  the  natives. 

Quito  formed  part  of  the  viceroyalty  of  Peru  till  1664, 
when  it  was  erected  intc  a  separate  presidency.     In  1717  it 


was  annexed  to  New  Granada,  but  at  the  end  of  five  years 
returned  to  its  former  separate  condition,  and  so  continued 
till  the  revolution  which  broke  out  in  1809.  The  first  at- 
tempts at  insurrection  were  twice  suppressed ;  and  it  was 
not  till  1822  that  the  royalists  were  finally  vanquished  in 
Quito,  which  then  united  with  New  Granada  and  Venezuela 
to  form  the  republic  of  Colombia.  Continued  troubles  and 
revolts  harassed  the  new  republic,  till  at  last,  in  '1 831,  the 
three  ill-united  states  agreed  to  separate  and  to  form  so 
many  independent  republics,  dividing  equitably  between 
them  the  Colombian  debt.  On  this  occasion  Quito,  with  its 
associated  provinces,  took  the  name  of  Ecuador.  No  South 
American  republic  has  suffered  more  than  Ecuador  from  bad 
government  and  from  consequent  revolutions. 

£cully,  i^kuriee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rh6ne,  3  miles  from  Lyons.     Pop.  1912. 

Ecureuils,  Quebec.    See  Les  Ecureuils. 

£dain,  iMim',  an  island  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Batavia,  about  2  miles  in  circuit. 

Edam,  iM3,m'  (L.  Edamum),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  with  a  port  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  3356. 

£'day,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  between  Westray  and 
Stronsay,  6^  miles  in  length.     Pop.  822. 

£dd,  fidd,  a  maritime  village  of  Abyssinia,  lat.  13°  58* 
N.,  Ion.  41°  40'  E.,  on  a  sandy  plain. 

Ed  Damer,  Ed  Dahmer,  M  dah'm^r,  or  Ad  Da- 
mer,  4d  dah'm§r,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Nile,  at  the  influx  of  the  Atbara,  80  miles  N.  of  Shendy. 

Edder,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Eder. 

Ed'dington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  5  miles  above  Bangor, 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  spools. 

Eddington,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Kensington  Station,  Philadelphia. 

Eddy,  fid'dee,  an  island  of  Ireland,  in  Galway  Bay,  oo. 
and  5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Galway.     Pop.  69. 

Ed'dy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Eddy  co.,  New  Mexico, 
29  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Red  Bluff,  and  75  miles  (direct)  S. 
of  Roswell.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  ofiices, 
and  manufactures  of  beet-sugar,  ice,  Ac.     Pop.  278. 

Eddy,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  news- 
paper ofi&ce.     Pop.  700. 

Ed'dy  Creek,  of  Kentucky,  rises  in  Caldwell  co.,  runs 
S.W.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  in  Lyon  co. 

Ed'dystone,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chester. 

Ed'dystone  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Pacific,  E. 
of  Papua.  Lat.  8°  18'  S.;  Ion.  156°  30'  40"  E.  The  na- 
tives, who  are  black  and  have  woolly  hair,  are  cannibals. 

Ed'dystone  Rocks,  in  the  English  Channel,  off  the 
coast  of  Cornwall,  14  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Plymouth  Breakwater. 
Lat.  50°  10'  54"  N.;  Ion.  4°  15'  53"  W.  Here  is  a  light- 
house built  in  1759,  of  Portland  stone  encased  in  granite, 
about  100  feet  high,  and  furnished  with  16  powerful  argand 
burners,  which  give  a  fixed  light  of  the  first  magnitude. 

Ed'dytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  1 1  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Penn 
Yan.     It  contains  a  church  and  the  Starkey  Seminary. 

Ed'dyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co..  111.,  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Eddyvilie,  a  post-town  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  theDes 
Moines  River,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ottumwa,  and  U 
miles  N.E.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofllce,  a  saw-mill,  3  flouring-mills,  a  broom-factory, 
a  fine  wagon-bridge  across  the  river,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  ploughs,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  815. 

Eddyvilie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lyons  co.,  Ky.,on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  45  miles  from  its 
mouth,  37  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Paducah,  and  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Princeton.    It  h.as  a  court-house  and  6  churches.    P.  680. 

Eddyvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Middleborough  Station.  i 

Eddyvilie,  a  post-ofBce  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Eddyvilie,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondout 
Creek,  2i  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  at  the  N.  terminus  of 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  2  or  3  miles  S.W.  of  Kings- 
ton. It  has  a  manufactory  of  cement  and  2  churches 
Pop,  about  800. 

Eddyvilie,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Mahoning  Creek,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Ede,  Eede,  i'd§h,  or  Eden,  i'd§n,  a  town  of  tb* 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  11  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Arnhem.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,982. 


EDE 


1095 


£&£ 


Edeleney,  iMiMfin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Borsod, 

fn  the  Bodva,  12  miles  N.  of  Miskolcz.     Pop.  2530. 
Edeliingen,  i'd^l-fing^^n,  a  village  of  Wlirtemberg, 
n  the  Tauber,  2  miles  N.N.W,  of  Mergentheim.    Pop.  1141. 
E'ileii)  a  river  of  England,  rising  in  Westmoreland, 
flows  N.W.  through  Cumberland  into  Solway  Firth.  Length, 

fS  miles. 
Eden,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ede. 
'    Eden,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  flows  into  the 
iBay  of  St.  Andrews,  in  the  North  Sea. 
!    Eden,  a  river  of  Scotland,  joins  the  Tweed  3i  miles 
below  Kelso,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  18  miles. 
I     E'den,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  3i  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Pell    City,  and    18   miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Ashville.     It  has   3   churches,  saw-,  planing-,  and  grist- 
mills, (fee.     Pop.  about  300. 

Eden,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Ark. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  7336. 
It  contains  San  Leandro  and  Hayward. 

Eden,  a  hamlet,  capital  of  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  N.W. 
Df  Way's  Station. 

<  Eden,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga., 
near  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Georgia  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Eden,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.  Pop.  1523.  It 
jcdntains  the  village  of  Tonica. 

!  Eden,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar 
Creek,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Eden,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  930. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  782. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  172. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  946.  It 
E(intains  Low  Moor. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1108. 

Eden,  a  post-village  in  Eden  township,  Fayette  co., 

I  )wa,  on  Crane  Creek,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Falls. 
Pjp.  of  the  township,  1119. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  693.  It 
contains  the  hamlet  of  Edenville. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  173. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  about  10 
nciles  N.W.  of  Atchison. 

Eden,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  at  Williamson 
S:ation  on  the  railroad  between  Louisville  and  Shelbyville, 

II  miles  E.  of  Louisville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Eden,  a  hamlet,  capital  of  Martin  co.,  Ky.,  65  miles  S. 
of  Huntington,  W.  Va.  Coal  is  found  near  it.  Pop.  about 
V)0,     Here  is  Inez  Post-Offiee. 

Eden,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  the  N.E. 
pirt  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Frenchman's  Bay.  It  presents  very  picturesque  scenery, 
I  a  id  contains  a  village  named  Bar  Harbor,  which  is  a 
fs.8hionable  summer  resort.    Eden  has  4  churches.    P.  1195. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the  East- 
em  Shore  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Delmar.  It  has  a  steam 
■tvw-mill. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Ingham  co;,  Mieh.,  4  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Mason,  and  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
a  church,  5  fruit- evaporators,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  878. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eden  town- 
ship, on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  at  Eden  Centre 
Station,  18i  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  4  churches,  a  pack- 
ing-factory for  canned  goods,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  lumber,  barrels,  and  wagons.  Pop.  about  600; 
of  the  township,  2288. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  about  90 
miles  W.  of  Raleigh. 

Eden,  or  Edin,  a  village  in  Brown  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  0.,  on  Alum  Creek,  24  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and 
3  miles  from  Eden  Station  (or  Leonardsburg).  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  191.     Here  is  Kilbourne  Post-Office. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1343. 

Eden,  a  hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Lordstown  town- 
•bip,  5  miles  W.  of  Niles. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.  Pop.  1605,  ex- 
elusive  of  Nevada.     It  contains  Edenville. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  23  miles  by  rail 
(Langhorne  Station)  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  a  lumber-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
cottons,  woollens,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.,  12   miles 
N.W.  of  Laurens  Court-House. 
■^      Eden,  a  post-village  of  Concho  co.,  Tex.,  19  miles  (di- 
'  reot)  S.  of  Paint  Rock. 

Eden,  a  post-township  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  about  35 
miles  N.  of  Montpelier.    Its  surface  is  mountainous.    It 


has  2  churches,  7  saw-mills,  a  tub-factory,  a  chair-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  851. 

Eden,  a  post-township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  about 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  contains  a  station  and 
village  named  Eden,  on  the  railroad  beiween  Milwaukee  and 
Fond  du  Lac,  8  miles  S.E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  1476. 

Eden,  a  village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  12  miles  N.  of  Min- 
eral Point.     It  has  a  church.     Near  it  is  Cobb  Post-Offioe. 

E'den,  a  seapo.-t  of  New  South  Wales,  on  Twofold  Bay, 
283  miles  S.  of  Sydney.  Pop.  300.  The  harbor  is  large 
and  safe. 

E'den,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  20  milM  S. 
of  Ingersoll.     Pop.  150. 

E'denburg,  a  borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Be&M: 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Emlenton  and  Shippen- 
ville,  15  miles  E.  of  Emlenton,  and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  2  machine-shops,  a 
planing-mill,  and  several  oil-wells.  Pop.  about  1500.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Knox. 

Edenburg,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  North  Fork  of  Shenandoah  River,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Win- 
chester. It  has  4  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills, 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  452. 

Eden  Centre,  New  York.    See  Eden. 

E'dendale,  a  hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  1  mile  from 
Melrose  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  female  seminary,  a 
church,  and  safety-fuse-works. 

E'dender'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  32i  milei 
W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  1873. 

Edenkoben,  i'd§n-ko^b§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Landau.  It  has  mineral  springs  and 
important  grain-markets.     Pop.  4889. 

E'den  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Litchfield.  It  contains  several  small  lakes,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  286. 

Eden  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
W.  of  La  Grange. 

Eden  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Johnson  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Eden  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  river  Speed,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guelph. 
It  has  large  mills,  and  a  trade  in  flour  and  grain.     P.  300. 

Eden  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-townsbip  of  Hennepin 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  769. 

Eden's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Eden  Station,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  C,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Delaware,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tile 
ditching  machines.  Pop.  150.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Leonardsburg. 

E'denton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ej.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church  and  a  plough -factory. 

Edenton,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

Edenton,  a  post- village,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Chowan  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  an  inlet  or  bay  which  opens  into 
Albemarle  Sound,  about  130  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Raleigh, 
and  4  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Chowan  River.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  an  academy,  6  churches,  and  a  newspaper 
ofiice.     Pop.  2205  ;  of  Edenton  township,  4227. 

Edenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  chair- 
factory.     Pop.  250. 

Eden  Yale,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  San  JosS. 

Eden  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  73 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  13  miles  N.  of 
Litchfield.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  327. 

Eden  Valley„a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  brewery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Edenville,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Midland 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Tittabawassee  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Midland  City.     Pop.  282. 

Edenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  War- 
wick township,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Pine  Island  Station,  which 
is  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church. 

Edenville,  a  hamlet  of  Eden  township,  Wyandot  co., 
0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  2 
miles  W.  of  Nevada.     It  has  a  stave-factory  and  saw-mill. 

Eder,  i'd^r,  or  Edder,  fid'd^r,  a  river  of  Germany, 
rises  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Coblentz,  and 
joins  the  Fulda  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cassel. 

E'der,  a  town  of  India,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baroda. 

Edern,  i'diRn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finistdre,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Chtlteaulin.     Pop.  1873. 


EDE 


1096 


EDG 


£der'nion,  a  beautiful  valley  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  between  Corwen  and  Bala. 

Edes'  (eedz)  Falls,  a  po.«t-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  in  Naples  township,  on  Crooked  River,  83  miles  N.W. 
of  Portland.     It  has  manufactures  of  barrels,  kegs,  Ac. 

Udesheim,  i'd§s-hime\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate, 
on  the  Queich,  6  miles  N.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1885. 

£dessa.     See  Oorfa  and  Vodina. 

!Edesville,  eedz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Fairlee. 

£deta,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  LiniA. 

Edfoo,  Edion,  or  £dfu,  ed'foo^  (anc.  ApoUinop'oUs 
Mag'na  ;  Coptic,  Atho),  a  village  of  Egypt,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Nile,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thebes,  consisting  of  a  clus- 
ter of  mud  huts,  around  some  of  the  finest  ruins  in  Egypt. 
Pop.  from  1500  to  2000,  Arabs  and  Copts.  The  remains  of 
antiquity  comprise  a  quay  and  2  fine  temples,  both  of  which 
appear  to  have  been  constructed  in  the  age  of  the  Ptolemies. 

Ed'gar,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  Wabash  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  county  has  extensive  prairies,  and  is  liberally  supplied 
■with  timber.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Terre  Haute  &  Peoria,  and  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroads,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Paris,  the  capital.  The  Chicago  &  Ohio 
River,  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Western,  and  Toledo,  St. 
Louis  <k  Kansas  City  Railroads  also  traverse  the  county. 
Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,450;  in  1880,  25,499; 
in  1890,  26,787. 

£dgar,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Paris.     It  has  2  churches. 

£dgar,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  66  miles  E.  of  Kearney 
Junction,  and  48  miles  N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1105. 

£dgar,  a  hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  is  near  the  Obion 
River,  at  McConnell  Station  on  the  railroad  from  Cairo, 
III.,  to  New  Orleans,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fulton,  Ky.  It  has  a 
steam  saw-mill  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Edgar,  or  Rich'ardson's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Barrie.  It  has  2 
saw-mills,  a  potash-factory,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Ed^gard',  a  post-village  of  St,  John  Baptist  parish, 
La.,  1  mile  from  St.  John  Station,  and  35  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  New  Orleans.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  sugar. 

Ed'gar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Rolla. 

Edgarton,  a  village  of  Kansas.     See  Edgerton. 

Ed'gartown,  a  pcJst-village  and  port  of  entry,  capital 
of  Dukes  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  E.  shore 
of  Martha's  Vineyard,  and  on  the  Martha's  Vineyard  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cottage  City,  and  about  30  miles 
S.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  an  excellent  and  safe  harbor, 
a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1156. 

Edgecomb,  ej'kpm,  a  post-township  of  Lincoln  co.. 
Me.,  about  2  miles  S.E.  of  AViscasset.  It  i.^  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Damariscotta  River,  and  on  the  AY.  by  an  inlet  of  the 
sea.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  749. 

Edgecombe,  ej'k9m,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
part  of  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  520  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Tar  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Fishing  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds. 
The  soil  is  mostly  sandy  and  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmingfbn  &  Weldon,  Nor- 
folk &i  Carolina,  and  Albemarle  <fc  Raleigh  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Tarborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,970;  in  1880,26,181; 
in  1890,  21,113. 

Edgecombe,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  100. 

Edgecombville,  ej'kpm-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Tioga  co., 
Pa.,  in  Westfield  township. 

Edge  Cove,  the  terminus  of  the  Tuckerton  Railroad, 
is  in  Little  Egg  Harbor  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Tuickerton,  and  74  miles  froni  Philadelphia. 
Here  passengers  for  Beach  Haven  and  Bond's  take  the 
steamer  on  Tuckerton  Bay. 

Edgecumbe  (ej'kiim)  Bay,  in  Australia,  is  an  inlet 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  20°  S. ;  Ion.  147°  30'  E. 

Edgefield,  ej'feeld,  a  county  of  South  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  1352  square  miles. 


It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Saluda  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Savannah  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  partly  covered  with  ex- 
tensive forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  ig 
intersected  by  the  Carolina,  Cumberland  Gap  &,  Chicago 
and  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroads,  the  former  commu- 
nicating with  Edgefield  Court-House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  42,486;  in  1880,  45,844;  in  1890,  49,259. 

Edgefield,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Fayette  co.,  0. 

Edgefield,  formerly  a  city  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  but  now  part  of  the 
city  of  Nashville,  known  as  East  Nashville.  It  has  a 
female  seminary,  10  churches,  manufactures  of  brooms, 
cedar-ware,  furniture,  pumps,  Ac. 

Edgefield  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia, 
and  24  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Aiken.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
seed  oil  and  bricks.     Pop.  1168. 

Edgefield  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Davidson  co., 
Tenn.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  10  miles  N.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Edge'hill,  a  ridge  in  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Banbury.  Here  was  fought,  in  1642,  the  first  bat- 
tle between  Charles  I.  and  the  Parliamentary  forces.  At 
the  foot  of  the  hill  is  the  Vale  of  Red  Horse,  so  called  from 
the  colossal  figure  of  a  horse  cut  on  the  side  of  the  hill. 

Edgehill,  in  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  a  suburb  of 
Liverpool.     Here  is  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Garden. 

Edge  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Reynolds  co.,  Mo. 

Edge  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  chapel,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  a  limestone-quarry, 

Edgeley,  6j'le,  a  post-village  of  La  Moure  co.,  N.D., 
27  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Ellendale,  and  21  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  La  Moure.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  200. 

Eagemont,  Sj'mont,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  How- 
ellville,  with  2  cotton-factories.     Pop.  567. 

Edge  Moor,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  oo,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  near  Edge  Moor  Station  of  the  Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  rolling-mills  and  manufactures  of 
iron  bridges,  roof-trusses,  Ac. 

Edgemoor,  Sj'moor,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  the  terminal 
station  in  Chicago. 

Edg'erton,  a  post- village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  36 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Ohtthe.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of  beehives.     Pop.  321. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Pipe  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pipe  Stone.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  178, 

Edgerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W,  of  Plattsburg,  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Platte  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
Ac.     Pop.  482. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Bryan,  and 
74  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  6  churches,  graded 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  basket-factory,  and  woollen- 
mills.     Pop.  967. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Charles  Mix  co.,  S.D.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Wheeler.  It  has  a  church,  2  banks,  and  » 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  100, 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Madison,  and  about  10  miles  N.  of  Janes- 
ville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  pottery, 
cigar-factories,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1595. 

Edg'ett's  Landing,  a  post- village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  24  miles  from  Salis- 
bury.    Pop.  250. 

Edgewater,  ej'w4-t§r,  a  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  8  miles 
above  New  York.     It  has  a  church  and  several  fine  villas. 

Edgewater,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  % 
miles  S.W.  of  Burlington,  and  1  mile  N.W.  of  Beverly. 

Edgewater,  a  village  of  Richmond  co,,  N.Y.,  on  Stateil 
Island,  and  on  New  York  Bay,  at  Vanderbilt  Station  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  in  the  townships  of  Middle- 


EDO 


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town  and  Southfield.  It  has  9  churches,  a  savings-bank, 
an  academy,  an  educational  institute,  and  manufactures  of 
candles,  felt,  beer,  carriages,  hats,  machinery,  paper,  Ac. 
It  adjoins  the  village  of  Stapleton.     Pop.  in  1890,  14,266. 

Edgewater,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
jAlleghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  11 
imiles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Pop.  380. 
!  Edgewater,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 
i"  Edgewood,  ej'wood,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga., 
about  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  cotton-seed-oil  mill,  and  chemical  works.  Pop. 
about  500. 

EdgeAVOod,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  co..  111.,  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  86  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  15 
wiles  S.S.W.  of  Effingham.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  barrel- 
factory.     Pop.  255. 

Edgewood,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  99 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2  churches, 
several  saw-mills,  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  manufactures 
of  railroiid-ties.     Pop.  500. 

Edgewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  near 
Chesapeake  Bay,  21  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  vegetable-canneries. 

Edgewood,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  9  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  several  lumber-,  shingle-, 
i.nd  saw-mills. 

Edgewood,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 
Edgewood,  or  Edgewood  Park,  a  borough  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has 
u  church,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  signals. 

Edgewood,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Dallas. 

Edgeworth,ej'worth,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
CO  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Boston. 

Edgeworth,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
niles  W.S.W.  of  Bristol. 

Edgeworthstown,  gj'worths-tSwn,  or  Mos'trim,  a 
lawn  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6 J  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Long- 
|>rd.     Pop.  1136. 

Edgington,  ej'ing-tgn,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island 
to.,  111.,  in  Edgington  township,  4  miles  from  the  Mississippi 
Jliver,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Rock  Island.  It 
lias  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1106. 
j  Edgington,  a  station  in  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
;  I'anhandle  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Steubenville,  0. 
I  Edg'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  about 
I  JO  miles  N.  of  Shasta. 

Edgwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  oo..  Pa.,  in  Lower 
I  Makefield  township,on  a  branch  of  the  North  Pennsylvania 
llailroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.    Here  is  a  Friends' 
I  ]ji8titute. 

Edin,  Delaware  co.,  0.  See  Eden. 
Edina,  a  poetical  name  of  Edinburgh. 
Edi'na,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  is  on 
the  South  Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quincy,  111.,  and 
about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  Catholic  academy,  5  churches,  3  banks,  public 
tehools,  a  broom-factory,  a  carriage-factory,  a  wagon-fac- 
tory, a  creamery,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1456. 

Edi'na,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
West  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Grenville.  It  has  a  church, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Edinborough,  ed'in-biir-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.C,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Pedee  or  Yadkin  River, 
and  18  miles  N.  of  Lilesville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Edinborough,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  at  the 
outlet  of  Conneauttee  Lake,  18  miles  S.  of  Erie,  and  17 
miles  .N.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  pumps,  sash,  and  blinds.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1107.  Here  is  the  Northwestern  State  Normal 
School. 

Ed'inburg,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  JefFersonville,  Madi- 
son &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianap- 
olis, and  10  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  5  churches,  a 
high  school,  2  banking-houses,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry, 
laachine-shops,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
lumber,  furniture,  and  starch.     Pop,  2031. 

Edinburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Edinburg,  a  township  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  50  miles  N.  of  Bangor.    Pop.  54. 
Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
70 


Pearl  River,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  haa  1 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  6  milea 
W.  of  Trenton,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  is  the  site  of  Grand  River  College,  which  was  founded  in 
1868.     It  contains  2  churches. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  2  miles  from  Windsor  Station  of 
the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad. 

Edinburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Sacondaga  River,  about  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  3  churches.  Near  here  is  a  small  village  named 
Beecher's  Hollow. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D.,  30  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Langdon,  and  22  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of 
Grafton.     It  has  a  church. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Akron,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ravenna. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in  Ma- 
honing township,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  about  5  miles  W.  of  New  Castle,  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Yojmgstown,  0.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Some  petroleum  is  obtained  here. 

Edinburg,  a  village  of  Hidalgo  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  about  60  miles  above  Brownsville. 

Edinburg,  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.    See  Edew- 

BURG. 

Edinburgh,  Sd'in-bur-riih,  Edinburghshire,  Sd'- 
in-biir-riih-shir,  or  Mid-Lothian,  mid-lo'THe-an,  a 
county  situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  lowlands  of  Scot- 
land, bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Firth  of  Forth.  Area,  367 
square  miles.  The  S.E.  part  of  the  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Moorfoot  Hills,  a  branch  of  the  Lammermoors,  of 
Lower  Silurian  formation.  From  the  S.W.  the  Pentland 
range  runs  towards  the  N.E.,  composed  of  porphyry,  while 
the  greenstone  hills  of  Corstorphine  extend  from  the  Firth 
of  Forth  southward,  and  are  continued  by  the  elevations  of 
the  Castle  Rock,  Arthur's  Seat,  and  Calton,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  capital.  Carnethey,  the  most  elevated  of  the  Pent- 
land  range,  is  1802  feet  above  the  sea.  From  the  S.  the 
county  gradually  slopes  towards  the  borders  of  the  firth, 
and  on  the  E.  and  W.  extends  into  level  and  fertile  plains. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Water  of  Leith,  the  Esk,  the 
Almond,  and  the  Tyne.  The  greater  part  of  the  county 
belongs  to  the  coal  formation,  and  coal  is  extensively 
wrought.  Sandstone  abounds,  and  is  extensively  quarried 
at  Craigleith,  Granton,  and  Hailes.  Limestone  is  found  in 
many  localities,  especially  at  Gilmerton,  Criohton,  and  Bur- 
diehouse.  Much  oil  shale  and  fire-clay  are  raised  in  the 
county.  No  metal  is  wrought  except  iron,  which  exists  in 
the  coal  strata.  The  county  is  chiefly  agricultural,  and 
farming  is  conducted  on  the  best  modern  principles.  There 
are  extensive  paper-mills,  tanneries,  chandleries,  carpet-, 
oil-,  brick-,  tile-,  and  powder-works,  foundries,  distilleries, 
breweries,  and  potteries.  Numerous  railways  traverse  the 
county.  Capital,  Edinburgh.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  in  1891,  444,055. 

Edinburgh,  fid'in-biir-riih  or  M'jn-bruh  (L.  Edinbur'  ■ 
gum  or  Edi'na  ;  Celtic,  Duned'in  ;  Fr.  Edimbourg,  &^d&u^~ 
booR' ;  It.  Edinborgo,  i^din-boR'go),  the  metropolis  of  Scot- 
land, capital  of  the  above  county,  about  1^  miles  from  the 
S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  42  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Glasgow, 
and  393  miles  N.\^  of  London.  Lat.  55°  57'  24"  N. ;  Ion 
3°  11'  W.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  numerous  and  important 
railways.  The  city  stands  on  parallel  ridges,  of  consider- 
able elevation,  lying  E.  and  W.,  and  is  remarkable  for  the 
general  excellence  and  elegance  of  its  buildings.  It  is  di- 
vided into  an  Old  Town  and  a  New  Town.  The  former  occu- 
pies the  central  and  highest  ridge;  the  loftiness  of  the 
houses  here,  rising  in  irregular  masses,  adds  greatly  to  its 
picturesque  appearance,  but,  like  most  old  towns,  it  is  ex- 
ceedingly irregular  in  the  arrangement  of  its  streets.  The 
New  Town  occupies  a  ridge  of  much  broader  crest  and  less 
abrupt  ascent,  to  the  N.  of  the  Old  Town.  The  houses  here 
are  built  of  white  freestone,  obtained  from  quarries  in  the 
vicinity,  and  are  remarkably  handsome.  On  the  S.  of  the 
Old  Town,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  hollow,  stands  the 
remaining  portion  of  the  city.  The  principal  street  in  the 
Old  Town  is  that  which  occupies  the  crest  of  the  ridge, 
bearing,  at  difi°erent  points,  the  names  of  Canongate,  Neth- 
erbow,  High  street.  Lawn  Market,  and  Castle  Hill.  It  is 
upwards  of  a  mile  in  length,  rising  gradually,  with  a  regu- 
lar and  steep  incline,  from  a  small  plain  at  the  E.  end  of 
the  town,  on  which  stands  the  palace  of  Holyrood,  and  ter- 
minating  in  the  huge  rook  on  which  the  castle  is  built. 
The  appearance  of  this  street  is  rendered  exceedingly  im- 
posing by  the  loftiness  and  antique  aspect  of  the  hoase* 


t      ( 


EBI 


1098 


EDI 


with  which  it  is  lined,  many  of  them  ranging  from  five  to 
aeren  stories  in  front  and  several  more  in  the  rear. 
Prince's  street  extends  along  the  edge  of  the  hollow  which 
separates  the  New  Tfcwn  from  the  Old.  Being  built  only 
on  the  N.  side,  a  magnificent  view  of  the  Old  Town,  with 
its  lordly  castle  towering  high  and  darkly  on  its  rocky 
ridge,  and  of  the  intervening  valley,  is  obtained,  rendering 
it  one  of  the  most  delightful  promenades  of  which  any  city 
can  boast.  At  the  E.  extremity  of  this  street  is  the  Calton 
Hill,  a  rooky  eminence,  commanding  a  beautiful  view  of 
the  Firth  of  Forth  with  its  shipping  and  surrounding 
shores.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  town  are  the  Meadows,  a 
large  level  park,  surrounded  with  trees  and  walks  for  recre- 
ation; adjoining  the  Meadows  are  Bruntsfield  Links,  an 
extensive  common,  of  uneven  surface,  much  frequented  by 
golf-players.  From  the  higher  parts  of  the  Links,  which 
overlook  the  village  of  Morningside,  a  view  is  obtained  of 
the  Pentland  Hills  and  of  the  intervening  valley.  Beyond 
the  E.  extremity  of  the  town  a  huge  belt  of  precipitous 
rock,  called  Salisbury  Crags,  rises  to  the  height  of  many 
hundred  feet  from  the  deep  valley  below.  Immediately 
behind,  a  conical  hill,  with  a  narrow,  rocky  sunMpit,  called 
Arthur's  Seat,  towers  above  the  crags,  attaining  an  eleva- 
tion of  796  feet.  A  broad  pathway  winds  along  the  face 
of  the  crags,  and  a  carriage-drive  leads  round  the  entire 
hill ;  many  points  from  both  afi"ord  prospects  of  unrivalled 
beauty.     Many  of  the  streets  are  traversed  by  tramways. 

In  the  Old  Town  the  most  remarkable  and,  next  to 
Holyrood,  the  most  interesting  public  building  is  the  cas- 
tle, composed  chiefly  of  a  cluster  of  irregular  buildings 
begirt  with  embrasured  walls.  The  fortress  contains  ac- 
commodation for  2000  soldiers,  an  armory,  and  a  huge 
piece  of  ancient  ordnance  called  Mona  Meg,  built  of  mal- 
leable iron  staves,  and  believed  to  have  been  forged  at 
Mons  A.D.  1486.  In  the  castle  are  kept  the  ancient  regalia 
or  "  honors"  of  Scotland. 

Adjoining  Holyrood  Palace  on  the  N.  side  are  the  ruins 
of  the  chapel  belonging  to  the  abbey  of  Holyrood,  founded 
in  1128  by  David  I.,  the  only  portion  of  that  establishment 
now  remaining.  A  privilege  of  sanctuary  for  insolvent 
debtors  is  attached  to  this  abbey,  extending  over  Arthur's 
Seat,  Salisbury  Crags,  and  for  a  considerable  distance  east. 

The  cathedral  of  St.  Giles,  situate  in  High  street,  is  a 
large  ancient  edifice  in  later  Gothic  style.  It  was  in  this 
church  that  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  was  subscribed 
in  1643.  On  a  commanding  situation  at  the  top  of  High 
street  stands  Victoria  or  Assembly  Hall,  a  magnificent 
structure  in  the  decorated  Gothic  style.  Adjoining  St. 
Giles'  church  is  an  open  area  called  Parliament  Square,  in 
the  centre  of  which  is  an  equestrian  statue  of  Charles  II., 
erected  in  1685.  At  the  S.W.  comer  of  the  square  is  the 
entrance  to  the  Parliament  House,  the  higher  courts  of  law, 
and  the  Advocates'  Library.  The  Parliament  House,  now 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Outer  House,  the  place  in  which 
the  Scottish  parliament  met  before  the  Union,  is  a  magnifi- 
cent hall,  122  feet  long  by  49  feet  broad,  with  a  lofty  open 
timber  roof.  Other  buildings  of  note  in  the  Old  Town  are 
the  Tron  church,  founded  in  1637 ;  the  county  hall,  con- 
taining the  sheriff  courts ;  the  royal  exchange,  founded  in 
1753;  the  corn  exchange,  in  the  Grass  Market;  the  Bank 
of  Scotland ;  Dean  Bridge,  a  noble  structure  thrown  across 
a  deep  ravine,  at  the  bottom  of  which  flows  the  Water  of 
Leith  ;  Physicians'  Hall,  in  Queen  street,  a  handsome  edi- 
fice ;  the  Assembly-Rooms  and  Music  Hall ;  the  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow  and  the  Commercial  Banks,  the  Western 
Bank,  the  British  Linen  Company's  Bank,  the  General 
Register-House  of  Scotland,  the  Theatre  Royal,  General 
Post-OflSce  and  Stamp-Office,  and  the  jail  and  bridewell,  a 
cluster  of  castellated  buildings,  surrounded  by  a  high  wall, 
on  a  rocky  ledge  of  the  Calton  Hill.  In  1817  the  old  jail, 
jmlled  the  "  Heart  of  Mid-Lothian,"  was  taken  down. 

Churches,  ikc. — Besides  St.  Giles',  the  Tron,  and  Victoria 
Hall,  already  adverted  to,  Edinburgh  possesses  many  fine 
churches  and  chapels,  some  of  them  of  historic  fame.  The 
city  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop,  and  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  prelate  of  archiepiscopal  rank.  The  Anglican 
cathedral  is  a  splendid  structure.  The  number  of  public 
monuments  and  statues  is  very  great.  The  University  of 
Edinburgh  takes  a  high  rank  among  the  educational  insti- 
tutions of  Great  Britain.  The  building  of  the  university, 
situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  town,  in  Nicolson  street,  is 
a  large  quadrangular  edifice,  with  a  spacious  court  in  the 
centre,  founded  in  1789,  the  university  itself  having  been 
founded  in  1582.  In  consequence  of  the  development  and 
growth  of  the  university,  additional  accommodation  was 
required,  and  new  buildings  for  the  departments  of  science 
and  medicine  have  been  constructed.     There  are  32  pro- 


fessors, in  4  faculties,— divinity,  law,  medicine,  and  the  arts. 
The  average  annual  number  of  students  is  about  1200.  The 
library  is  a  magnificent  room,  198  feet  in  length  by  50  in 
breadth  and  above  50  in  height.  It  contains  about  130,000 
volumes.  The  museum  comprises  rich  collections  in  the 
various  departments  of  natural  history.  A  little  S.  of  the 
university  is  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  an  elegant 
building  of  the  Ionic  order;  it  has  a  valuable  museum. 
The  New  or  Free  Church  College  occupies  an  elegant  struc- 
ture, having  professors  in  the  theological,  moral,  and  natu- 
ral sciences ;  and  attached  to  it  are  an  excellent  library  and 
a  museum.  The  United  Presbyterians  have  a  theological 
hall.  In  the  New  Town  stands  the  Royal  Institution's 
building,  occupied  by  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  the 
Board  of  Trustees  for  encouraging  trade  and  manufactures 
in  Scotland,  and  the  Royal  Institution  having  for  its  object 
the  promotion  of  the  fine  arts.  The  building  is  surmounted 
by  a  colossal  statue  of  Queen  Victoria,  and  is  one  of  the 
finest  structures  in  the  metropolis.  The  Edinburgh  High 
School,  a  splendid  Doric  edifice,  270  feet  in  length,  is  situ- 
ated near  the  prison ;  and  on  Calton  Hill  stands  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Observatory.  The  other  more  prominent  edu- 
cational institutions  are  the  Edinburgh  Academy,  the  Naval 
and  Military  Academy,  and  the  Royal  Scottish  Academy  of 
Painting,  Sculpture,  and  Architecture.  There  are  also 
several  public  seminaries  and  a  number  of  schools  for  the 
education  of  the  poorer  classes,  industrial  schools,  heriot 
schools,  seven  in  number,  and  the  School  of  Arts,  established 
in  1821,  for  the  instruction  of  mechanics  and  tradesmen. 
Fettes  College  is  a  nobly  endowed  school  for  boys.  The 
societies  and  institutions  for  the  promotion  of  science  and 
other  branches  of  knowledge  are  exceedingly  numerous. 
There  are  several  normal  and  training  schools,  merchant- 
schools,  and  college-schools  for  boys  and  for  girls.  Adjoin- 
ing the  Parliament  House,  with  which  it  has  a  communica- 
tion, is  the  Advocates'  Library,  containing  the  largest  and 
most  valuable  collection  of  books  in  Scotland,  the  printed 
works  amounting  to  300,000  volumes,  with  many  valuable 
MSS.  In  an  adjoining  building  is  the  Signet  Library, 
belonging  to  the  Writers  to  the  Signet. 

Few  cities  of  equal  extent  are  possessed  of  more  numer- 
ous and  more  magnificent  hospitals  and  charitable  insti- 
tutions. Many  of  the  edifices  built  for  these  institutions 
are  among  the  finest  in  the  city,  and  resemble  palaces 
rather  than  receptacles  for  the  indigent.  Among  these  may 
be  mentioned  the  Infirmary,  situated  near  the  college :  a  sur- 
gical hospital,  fever  hospital,  and  lock  hospital,  occupying 
separate  ouildings,  are  connected  with  it.  Heriot's  Hos- 
pital, on  the  S.  side  of  the  city,  is  a  fine  old  Elizabethan 
structure,  designed  by  Inigo  Jones,  and  one  of  his  best 
works.  The  object  of  the  institution  is  the  maintenance 
and  education  of  poor  boys  the  sons  of  freemen  of  the  town 
of  Edinburgh ;  and  the  surplus  funds  are  employed  in  es- 
tablishing and  maintaining  free  schools  in  various  parts  of 
the  city.  Another  large  and  exceedingly  elegant  structure 
is  Donaldson's  Hospital.  Of  the  numerous  other  hospitals 
and  benevolent  institutions,  many  of  which  have  handsoaie 
and  extensive  buildings,  the  following  may  be  specified : 
George  Watson's  Hospital,  John  Watson's  Hospital,  Gilles- 
pie's Hospital,  and  the  Orphan  Hospital.  Besides  these, 
there  are  the  Lying-in  Hospital,  the  Asylum  for  the  Blind, 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution,  the  City  Workhouse,  the 
Canongate  Charity  Workhouse,  and  the  West  Kirk  Poor- 
house,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  city ;  the  House  of  Refuge,  the 
House  of  Industry,  and  the  Night  Asylum  for  the  House- 
less. There  are  also  many  dispensaries,  where  medicine  and 
medical  attendance  are  gratuitously  afforded  to  the  poor. 

Edinburgh  is  the  seat  of  the  supreme  courts  of  Scotland. 
The  principal  of  these  is  the  court  of  session,  which  tries 
all  questions  affecting  civil  rights,  and  decides  not  only  the 
law  of  the  case,  but  also  matters  of  equity. 

The  manufactures  of  Edinburgh  are  neither  extensive 
nor  important ;  ale-brewing,  for  which  it  has  been  famous 
for  upwards  of  200  years,  is  the  principal.  Shawl-making, 
coach-building,  type-,  brass-,  and  iron -founding,  soap-  and 
candle-making,  are  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent ;  and 
also  the  making  of  various  kinds  of  machinery,  generally 
of  the  smaller  class.  Glass-painting  and  glass-staining  aro 
prosecuted  to  some  extent  and  with  much  success.  Edin- 
burgh is  the  head-quarters  of  the  book-trade  in  Scotland, 
and  as  a  literary  mart  it  is  the  second  town  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  being  in  this  respect  excelled  only  by  London. 
Rubber  goods,  machinery,  paper-hangings,  leather,  spirita, 
and  glassware  are  the  other  chief  industries. 

The  afiairs  of  the  city  are  conducted  by  a  lord  provost, 
magistrates,  and  council,  elected  by  the  citizens;  the  dean 
of  guild,  elected  by  the  guildry ;  and  the  trades'  convener 


EDI 


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jeleoted  by  the  incorporated  trades.  The  lord  provost  is 
iheriff  and  lord-lieutenant  within  the  city  and  liberties. 
r  The  inhabitants  of  Edinburgh  are,  to  a  great  extent,  per- 
{Bons  of  independent  property,  annuitants,  Ac,  and  include 
a  larger  proportion  of  the  more  liberally  educated  classes 
than  any  other  town  in  the  United  Kingdom.  It  has  also 
.become  the  central  point  of  several  important  railways  :  the 
iEdinburgh  <fc  Glasgow,  North  British,  and  Granton  lines 
have  their  termini  in  the  low  ground  between  the  Old  and  the 
New  Town,  W.  of  the  North  Bridge;  the  Caledonian  has  its 
terminus  in  the  western  and  the  Dalkeith  Mineral  Line  in 
Ihe  eastern  part  of  the  city ;  and  the  Union  Canal  furnishes 
Ian  additional  means  of  transit  for  goods  to  the  W.  of  Scot- 
land. Leith  and  Granton  are  the  ports  of  Edinburgh,  and 
may  almost  be  said  to  form  suburbs  of  it. 

Name  and  History. — The  name  Edinburgh  is  supposed 
to  be  derived  from  Edwin,  King  of  Northumbria,  a  Saxon 
prince,  who,  in  the  seventh  century,  possessed  the  southern 
part  of  Scotland,  and  who  is  alleged  to  have  built  a  strong- 
nold  on  the  site  of  the  present  castle.  It  was  anciently 
(written  Edwinesburg  or  Edwinesburch.  The  Gaelic  name 
[Dun  Edin,  or  Dunedin,  is  merely  a  translation  of  the  Saxon 
inajne;  while  its  poetical  name,  Edinu,  was  introduced  by 
jGeorge  Buchanan.  Edinburgh  first  attained  the  dignity  of 
{a  capital  in  the  time  of  James  V.,  the  principal  town  of 
Scotland  previous  to  that  period  having  been  Scone,  where 
tbe  Scottish  kings  were  crowned.  In  1513,  Edinburgh  was 
Kisited  by  the  plague;  and  in  1532  the  College  of  Justice 
(T'as  established.  It  was  taken  and  burnt  in  1554  by  an 
jllnglish  army  under  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  but  soon  re- 
Icovered  from  the  consequences  of  that  disaster.  On  the  3d 
jcf  December,  1557,  the  first  Covenant  was  signed  in  the 
city;  and  during  the  remainder  of  the  sixteenth  century 
i:  was  the  scene  of  numerous  interesting  events,  indu- 
cing many  in  the  history  of  Queen  Mary  and  in  the 
jcarlier  history  of  the  Reformation,  more  especially  in  con- 
it  ection  with  John  Knox,  whose  house  (from  a  window  of 
\rhich  he  frequently  preached)  is  still  standing,  near  the 
tjp  of  the  Canongate.  On  the  28th  of  February,  1638,  the 
National  Covenant  was  signed  in  the  Grey  friars'  Church- 
3  ard.  After  the  overthrow  of  Charles  I.,  the  Scots  having 
taken  up  arms  in  favor  of  his  son,  Cromwell  invaded  their 
country,  and  took  Edinburgh  Castle.  It  remained  in  the 
]  ossession  of  the  English  till  the  Restoration.  In  1745,  the 
city  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  rebels  under  Prince 
Charles  Edward  Stuart.  Edinburgh  returns  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough 
in  1841,  138,182;  in  1851,  158,015;  in  1861,  168,098;  in 
1871,196,979;  in  1881,  236,002;  in  1891,  261,261. 

Edinburghshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Edin- 

lUROR. 

Ed'ington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  3i  miles 

E.N.E.  of  Westbury.     The  bishops  of  Salisbury  had  for- 

j  laerly  a  palace  here,  which  was  destroyed  in  1450  by  the 

Iiopulaoe,  who  dragged  the  bishop  from  the  altar  and  stoned 
dm  to  death.  Beatton  Hill,  in  this  parish,  has  a  Danish 
encampment,  which  was  taken  by  King  Alfred.  The  figure 
of  a  white  horse,  cut  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  is  supposed  to 
commemorate  this  victory. 

Ed'ison,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co,,  Ga.,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Morgan.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Edison,  a  post-village  of  Skagit  co.,  Washington,  11 
miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  ofiSce.     Pop.  400. 

Ed'isto,  a  station  in  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C,  6  miles  W. 
of  Branch ville. 

Edisto  Island,  a  post-office  of  Berkeley  co.,  S.C,  is  on 
Edisto  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Edisto  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  ocean.    It  contains  6  churches. 

Edisto  River,  South  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  South  Edisto  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Edisto,  a  station 
on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad.  It  runs  southeastward  and 
southward,  intersects  Colleton  co.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic 
by  two  channels  called  the  North  and  South  Edisto  Inlets. 
The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  estimated  at  100  miles. 
Of  its  branches,  the  North  Edisto  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Aiken  and  Lexington  cos.,  and  intersects  Orangeburg 
00.  The  South  Branch  drains  part  of  Aiken  co.,  runs  nearly 
southeastward,  and  forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Barnwell 
00.    Each  branch  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  main  river. 

E'dith,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Edenburg. 

E'dithburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  oo.,  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Iron  ton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ediipo,  4d'le-po\  a  picturesque  town  of  Syria,  32  miles 
6.W.  of  Aleppo.     Pop.  2500. 

Ed'meston,  or  Ed'meston  Centre,  a  post-Tillage 


of  Otsego  CO.,  N.T.,  about  2S  miles  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  500. 

Ed'miston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  2U  miles 
S.W.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Ed'mond,  a  post- village  of  Oklahoma  co.,  Oklahoma, 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Guthrie.  It  has  3  churches,  a  nor- 
mal school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  newpspaer  offices. 
Pop.  294. 

Ed'monds,  a  post-village  of  Snohomish  co.,  Washing- 
ton, 18  miles  N.  of  Seattle,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Snohomish. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  384. 

Ed'mondson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Crittenden 
CO.,  Ark.,  17  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Memphis. 

Ed'monson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface  is 
partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products. 
That  great  natural  curiosity,  the  Mammoth  Cave,  is  situated 
in  this  county,  the  soil  of  which  is  based  on  cavernous  lime- 
stone. The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  passes  through 
the  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  Capital,  Brownsville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4459;  in  1880,  7222;  in  1890,  8005. 

Ed'monton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  London.  It  has  a  large  ancient  chapel 
and  considerable  trade  in  timber.     Pop.  of  parish,  13,860. 

Ed'monton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Metcalfe  CO.,  Ky., 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a 
high  school,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  146. 

Ed'monton,  a  village  of  Alberta,  Canada,  225  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Battleford,  and  40  miles  S.  of  old  Fort  Edmon- 
ton.    Its  vicinity  is  rich  in  coal  and  minerals. 

Ed'more,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  64 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Saginaw,  and  8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Stan- 
ton. It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Ed'munds,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Dakota. 
Area,  1155  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital, 
Ipswich.     Pop.  in  1890,  4399. 

Edmundsbury.    See  Burt  St.  Edmunds. 

Edmund's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Ed'mundston,  Little  Falls,  or  Madawas'ka,  a 
post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  river 
St.  John,  239  miles  above  St.  John,  and  opposite  Mada- 
waska,  Me.     Pop.  400. 

Ed'na,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  684. 

Edna,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
W.  of  Chetopa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  321. 

Edna  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Ed'ney ville,  a  post- township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C., 
about  95  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  6  churches.  Here 
is  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  1880. 

Edolo,  i'do-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  44  milea  N.E.  of 
Bergamo,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1716. 

Edom,  an  ancient  country  of  Asia.    S^e  Idum.sa. 

E'dom,  a  post- village  of  Van  Zandt  oo.,  Tex.,  about  45 
miles  N.  of  Palestine.     It  has  several  churches  and  stores. 

E'don,  a  post-village  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bryan.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  handle-factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  601. 

Edray',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Millborough,  Va.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Edrei,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Draa. 

Edreneh,  the  Turkish  name  of  Adrianoplb. 

Edrenos,  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Asia.     See  Adramo* 

Edrenos,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Rhyndacus. 

Edrha,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Draa. 

Edrinus  Lacns,  the  ancient  name  of  Idro  Lakb. 

Edrum,  the  ancient  name  of  Idro. 

Ed'sallville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Ed'son,  a  post-township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.  It  haa 
dense  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Yellow  River.  The  township  has  2  churches.  Pop.  617. 
Edson  Post-Office  is  20  miles  E.  of  Chippewa  Falls. 

Edson  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 

E'dur',  a  Rajpoot  state  of  India,  province  of  Guzerat, 
tributary  to  the  Guicowar.  Edur  is  the  capital  of  a  district  of 
the  same  name,  in  lat.  23°  60'  N.,  Ion.  73°  3'  E.   Pop,  10,000. 

Edwardesabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bunnoo. 

Ed'wards,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  220  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by 


EDW 


1100 


EEL 


Bon  Pas  Creek,  which  enters  the  Wabash  River  at  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  county,  and  it  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Wabash  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis 
and  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railroads,  the  former 
passing  through  Albion,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7565;  in  1880,  8597;  in  1890,  9444. 

Sdwards,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arkansas  River  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute 
of  timber.  A  fair  quality  of  building-stone  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Kinsley.     Pop.  in  1880,  2409 ;  in  1890,  3600. 

Edwards,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Texas,  is 
drained  by  small  afSuents  of  the  Colorado  River  and  of  the 
Bio  Nueces.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  Area, 
2620  square  miles.  Capital,  Rock  Springs.  Pop.  in  1880, 
266;  in  1890,  1970. 

Edwards,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  26  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Jackson,  18  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg,  and  1 
mile  from  Big  Black  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  is  in  a  great  vegetable-growing  district.  Much 
ootton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  600. 

Edwards,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Oswegatchie  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind-factory. 

Edwards,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1556. 

Edwards,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  from  Cincinnati,  0. 

Edwards,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  about 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sheboygan. 

Ed'wardsburg,  a  post- village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ontwa  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.E.  of  South  Bend,  Ind.,  and  9  or  10  miles  E.  of 
Niles.  It  has  3  churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  grain-elevator, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  297. 

Ed'wardsburg,  or  Port  Elgin  (also  called  Point 
Cardinal),  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Gallops  Canal,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  starch-factory,  flour-  and  saw- 
mills, a  box-  and  stave-factory,  and  several  stores  and  hotels. 
Pop.  300.    See  also  Doiichester  Station. 

Edwards  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany 
00.,  N.C. 

Ed'wardsFerry,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  CO.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River. 

Edwards  Ferry,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Roanoke  River,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Scotland  Neck  by  a 
short  railroad. 

Edwards'  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  oo.,  N.C, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New-Berne. 

Ed'wardsport,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  <k 
Yincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  baa  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Edwards  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs 
W.  through  Mercer  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  2 
miles  below  New  Boston.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Edwards'  Station,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co.,  HI., 
on  the  Galeaburg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Peoria.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Edwardstown,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Jean  Cbrtsos- 

TOME  DE  ChATEAUGUAY. 

Ed'wardsviile,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cleburne  co., 
Ala.,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tallapoosa,  Ga.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  446. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  about  2  miles  N.  of  Peach- 
tree  Railroad  Station,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Charlotte  division 
of  the  Richmond  <&  Danville  Railroad. 

Edwardsville,  a  station  in  Henry  co..  111.,  on  Edwards 
River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  N.  of  Alpha.     Here  is  Opheim  Post-Office. 

Edwardsville,  a  post- village  and  railroad  centre,  capi- 
tal of  Madison  co..  111.,  on  Cahokia  Creek,  20  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches, 
a  high  school,  2  banks,  2  flour-mills,  carriage-  and  plough- 
factories,  a  steam  brick-yard,  a  machine-shop,  manufac- 
tures of  sanitary  and  plumbers'  goods,  and  3  newspaper 
offices.     Coal  is  mined  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  3561. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  5  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  spokes. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  oo.,  Kan- 
aas,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas 


Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City.  It  qm  3 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.Y.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel, 
and  2  stores. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Dobson.     It  has  a  store. 

Edwardsville,  Warren  co.,  0.     See  Middleborough. 

Edwardsville  Crossing,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  ia 
a  station  in  Madison  co.,  111.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ed- 
wardsville Railroad,  near  Edwardsville,  and  19  miles  N.E. 
of  East  St.  Louis. 

Edwardsville  Junction,  a  station  in  Madison  oo., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  and  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railroads,  8  miles  W.  of  Edwardsville. 

Ed'win,  a  post- village  of  Stanton  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Johnson,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Edwin,  a  post-village  of  Hyde  co.,  S.D.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Highmore. 

Edwi'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  about  4 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Woodsfield. 

Ee,  k,  or  Ea,  k'i.,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Ee-Chang,  a  town  of  China.     See  E-Ching. 

Eechauk,  ee'chawk',  Echack,  or  Ichak,  ee^cb&k',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  in  Bahar,  district  and  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Hazarybaugh.     Pop.  8999.  „ 

Eeckeren,  i'kfr-^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  4200. 

Eecloo,  &-klo',  or  Eccloo,  ik-klo',  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  East  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Ghent.  It  has  a  town  hall,  an  ancient  convent,  a 
prison,  several  churches,  numerous  schools,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollens,  linens,  starch,  soap,  tobacco,  and  choco- 
late, with  breweries  and  salt-refineries.     Pop.  10,400. 

Eede,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ede. 

Eegholm  (aig'holm).  Great  and  Little,  2  islands  of 
Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt,  2i  miles  W.  of  Seeland. 

Eejmnt,  eej^m&t',  a  town  of  Sinde,  near  the  Indus,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Shikarpoor.     Lat.  27°  55'  N.;  Ion.  69°  E. 

Eel,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  160,  exclusive 
of  the  city  of  Logansport. 

Eel  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
12  miles  from  Yarmouth,     Pop.  150. 

Eelchee,  or  Eelchi.    See  Khoten. 

Eel  Creek  rises  in  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  and,  running  N.W., 
falls  into  the  Pacific  in  about  40°  40'  N.  lat. 

Eelde,  ail'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Drenthe,  10  miles  N.  of  Assen.     Pop.  1597. 

Eelee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kooldja. 

Eelee,  or  Hi,  ee'lee\  a  river  of  Asia,  rising  about  lat. 
42°  N.  and  Ion.  81°  E.,  in  the  mountains  of  Thian-Shcin, 
flows  N.E.,  and  then  turns  N.N.W.,  passing  the  town  of 
Kooldja,  and  falling  into  Lake  Balkash,  on  the  frontier  of 
Siberia,  after  a  course  of  above  300  miles. 

Eeleeyats,  Iliyats,  ee'lee-yJts',  or  Eels,  eelz,  a 
name  applied  to  the  wandering  tribes  of  Persia,  and  also  to 
those  who  are  employed  in  the  pearl-fishery.  They  dis- 
claim connection  with  the  old  Persian  stock,  and  preserve 
their  peculiar  habits  and  customs.  Their  communities 
usually  consist  of  20  or  30  families.  The  men  have  well- 
made,  powerful  frames,  piercing  black  eyes,  noses  generally 
inclined  to  be  aquiline,  and  overhanging  thick  moustacbios, 
which,  united  with  black,  bushy  beards,  almost  entirely 
conceal  their  dark  brown  skins.  Their  appearance  it 
strongly  characteristic  of  health,  hardihood,  and  independ- 
ence. The  women,  when  young,  are  often  handsome ;  their 
complexion  is  of  a  delicate  nut-brown  hue,  eyes  dark  and 
expressive,  nose  well  formed,  the  mouth  small  and  adorned 
with  beautiful  teeth,  and  the  expression  of  the  countenance 
full  of  good  humor.  All  these  attractions,  however,  soon 
disappear  as  they  advance  in  life. 

Eel  River,  California,  rises  in  Mendocino  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Humboldt  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific 
Ocean  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eureka. 

Eel  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Allen  co.,  intersects  Whit- 
ley, Wabash,  and  Miami  cos.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
at  Logansport.  Its  direction  is  W.S.W.,  and  its  length  is 
about  100  miles.     It  afibrds  extensive  water-power. 

Eel  River,  Indiana,  drains  parts  of  Hendricks  and 
Putnam  cos.,  intersects  Clay  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork 
of  White  River  about  7  miles  N.  of  Bloomfield,  after  • 
course  of  nearly  120  miles.  Its  general  direction  is  nearly 
southward. 

Eel  River,  a  hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  B«I 
River,  about  10  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean.    Pop.  of  Eel  River  township,  827. 


EEL 


1101 


EGG 


Eel  River,  a  post-township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.    P.  1217. 

Eel  River,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  lying  be- 
tween the  White  and  Eel  Rivers.     Pop.  501. 

Eel  River,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1676.  It  is  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  Eel  River,  and 
contains  North  Salem. 

Eel  River,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Eel  River,  New  Brunswick.     See  Canterbury. 

Eel  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Kestigouche  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Eel  River,  5  miles  by  rail  from  Dalhousie. 
Pop.  400. 

Eel  River,  a  post- village  in  Carleton  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 19  miles  by  rail  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Eels,  a  people  of  Persia.     See  Eeleeyats. 

Eem,  aim,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  originates  in 
numerous  streamlets  which  rise  in  Gelderland  and  unite 
near  Amersfoort,  whence  the  stream  flows  N.W.  to  its  out- 
let in  the  Zuyder  Zee.     It  is  navigable  to  Amersfoort. 

Eemnes,  aim'nfis,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  Utrecht,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Amersfoort.     Pop.  1281. 

Eep,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Epe. 

Eersel,  aiR'sSl,  or.  Eerzel,  aiK'zSI,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  1026. 

Ee^saughur',  a  town  and  strong  fort  of  India,  100 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gwalior. 

Ees'sah  Somau'lee,  or  Isa  Somali,  a  powerful 
tribe  in  Eastern  Africa,  who  inhabit  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
Bomaulee  country  on  the  Gulf  of  Aden.  They  lead  a  wander- 
ing life,  roving  from  place  to  place,  wherever  they  can  find 
pasturage  for  their  flocks  and  herds.  Few  of  them  wear 
any  clothing  except  a  leather  apron.  They  are  armed 
with  spear,  shield,  bows,  and  poisoned  arrows.  They  are 
held  in  great  dread  by  their  neighbors,  who  describe  them 
as  thieves  and  murderers.     They  are  Mohammedans. 

Efat,  a  province  in  the  E.  part  of  Shoa,  Abyssinia. 

"fate,  e-fi'te,  called  also  Vate,  vi'te,  or  Sandwich 
and,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides  group.  Lat.  18° 
Ion.  168°  35'  E.  The  principal  port  is  Havannah 
harbor,  a  tortuous  sheet  of  water,  7  miles  long,  and  in  most 
places  too  deep  for  anchorage,  but  good  anchorage  is  obtained 
at  the  head  of  the  bay  in  16  or  16  fathoms  of  water.  There 
ire  several  traders'  establishments. 

fbe,  5f bi\  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  near 

S.  coast  of  Mysol,  lat.  2°  12'  S.,  Ion.  130°  E.,  about  5 

6  miles  in  length.     Birds  of  paradise  migrate  hither 

luring  certain  seasons,  and  are  caught  by  the  natives,  who 

iry  them  in  their  feathers. 

fferding,  5f 'f§r-ding\  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  near 
Danube,  13  miles  W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  2216. 

Effingham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  3J 
•niles  S.W.  of  Leatherhead.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  a 
branch  of  the  Howard  family. 

Effingham,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  449  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Savannah  River, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Ogeechee  River.  The  surface  is  level 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  mostly  poor.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  rice,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  western 
portion  of  this  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  Georgia.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  4214; 
in  1880,  5979;  in  1890,  5599. 

Effingham,  a  southeastern  county  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Wabash  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts  of  timber,  which  is  here 
abundant ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  the  Vandalia  Railroad,  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Indiana  &  Illinois  Southern  Rail- 
road, all  of  which  communicate  with  EflSngham,  the  capi- 
tal. Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,563;  in  1880, 
18,920  ;  in  1890,  19,358. 

Effingham,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus,  cap- 
ital of  Effingham  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  199  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago, 
and  99  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  banks,  2  carriage- shops,  a  furniture- 
factory,  canning-  and  wood-packing  works,  a  meat-block 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  flour-mills,  and  rail- 
road machine-  and  repair-shops.  Pop.  in  1870,  2383;  in 
1880,  3065;  in  1890,  3260. 

Effingham,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  361. 

Effingham,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 


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N.H.,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  haa  5  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  904. 

Effingham  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.H., 
on  the  Ossipee  River,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Here 
is  beautiful  mountain-scenery. 

Effingham  Station,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  6.C., 
on  Lynch's  Creek,  and  on  the  Northeastern  Railrosid,  93 
miles  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  turpentine- 
distilleries.  Old  Efiingham,  a  hamlet,  is  in  Darlington  oo., 
about  3  miles  from  Effingham  Station. 

Effort,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  12  miles  W. 
of  Stroudsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  tannery, 
and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ef'ird's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Ega,  i'gi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  7  miles  S.8.W. 
of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1980. 

Ega,  i'gi,  or  Teff6,  tef-fi',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
Teff6,  near  the  Amazon,  about  1150  miles  from  Par&.  It 
has  a  large  trade. 

Egadi,  a  group  of  islands.     See  ^oades. 

Egan,  a  township  of  Minnesota.     See  Eagan. 

E'gan,  a  post-village  of  Moody  co.,  S.D.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Flandreau.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  tow- 
mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  399. 

E'ganville,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bonnechere  River,  27  miles  W.  of  Renfrew.  It  has 
several  hotels,  stores,  and  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Egara,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tarrasa. 

Eg'ba,  a  small  kingdom  of  West  Africa,  mostly  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Ogun  River,  S.  of  Yarriba.  Area,  3000 
square  miles.  Estimated  pop.  100,000.  Chief  town,  Ab- 
beokoota. 

Egbell,  5g^b5ll',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  63  miles 
N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Sirkovi,  not  far  above  its  junction 
with  the  March.     Pop.  2700. 

Egea  (or  Ejea)  oe  los  Caballeros,  i-ni'i  di  loce 
ka-Bil-yi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sara- 
gossa.     Pop.  3504. 

Egedesminde,  4g'9-d§s-min*deh,  a  district  of  North 
Greenland,  comprising  numerous  islands.  It  was  named 
from  Hans  Egede,  who  visited  it  as  a  missionary  in  1741. 

Egeln,  i'gh§ln,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bode.     Pop.  4352. 

Egelshofen,  i'gh?ls-ho^ffn,  or  Egolshofen,  i'gols- 
ho^f§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau,  3  miles 
S.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1500. 

Egenburg,  i'ghfn-b86RG\  or  Eggenburg,  fig'gh^n- 
booRG\  a  town  of  Austria,  at  the  W.  foot  of  the  Mannharts- 
berg,  38  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1585. 

Egenhausen,  A'gh?n-hSw^z?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  5  miles  W.  of  Nagold.     Pop.  1059. 

Eger,  5g'?r  or  k'gh^r,  a  river  of  Germany  and  Bohemia, 
rises  near  the  Fichtelgebirge,  and  joins  the  Elbe  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Prague.     Length,  125  miles. 

Eger  (Bohemian,  Cheb,  k5b),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Eger,  at  a  railway  junction,  92  miles  W.  of  Prague. 
It  is  built  on  a  rock,  and  was  formerly  an  important  fort- 
ress. Eger  has  some  handsome  buildings,  including  the 
town  hall  and  parish  church,  college,  barracks,  and  numerous 
schools  and  hospitals.  It  has  manufactures  of  chintz,  cotton 
fabrics,  woollens,  hats,  and  shoes.     Pop.  13,456. 

Eger,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Eulau. 

Egerdir,  5g^er-deer',  a  lake  and  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Isbarta.  The  lake,  27  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  10  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  is  highly  pic- 
turesque, and  communicates  at  its  N.  end  with  Lake  Hoiran. 
At  its  S.  extremity  is  the  town,  in  lat.  37°  52'  N.,  Ion;  31° 
6'  E.,  at  the  foot  of  a  high  cliS",  and  with  a  castle  on  a 
promontory  in  the  lake.  It  has  from  500  to  600  houses, 
all  Turkish. 

Egevi,  i'gh^r-ee,  or  Aegeri,  a  small  lake  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Zug.     Length,  3i  miles. 

Egeroe,  4g'§r-b^§h,  an  island  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, 40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stavanger.  Lat.  58°  26'  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  50'  E. 

Egersund,  Sg'§r-soond\  a  town  of  Norway,  38  miles  S. 
of  Stavanger,  on  a  strait  which  separates  it  from  the  small 
island  of  Egeroe.  Lat.  58°  26'  10"  N.;  Ion.  5°  57'  8"  E. 
It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  herring-fishery.    Pop.  2144. 

Egerszeg,  i^ghjR^sfig',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Zala,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Raab.     Pop.  4000. 

Egg,  an  island  of  Scotland.     See  Eie. 

Egg,  dgg,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  9  milet 
S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2281. 

Eg'ga,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Gando,  on  the  S.W.  bank 
of  the  Niger,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  its  junction  with  the 


EGG 


1102 


EGY 


Benuwe.  Lat.  8°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  40'  B.  It  extends  for 
more  than  2  miles  along  the  river.  A  large  population  also 
live  here  on  board  of  canoes,  and  trade  up  and  down  the 
Niger.     Pop.  about  35,000. 

£ggarah.  West  Africa.    See  Attah. 

£gg  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La. 

Egg'bornsville,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va. 

Eg'gebee%  a  walled  town  of  West  Africa,  in  Zeg-Zeg, 
80  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kano,  lat.  10°  52'  N.,  Ion.  9°  6'  E., 
situated  in  a  beautiful  plain.     Pop.  about  14,000. 

Eggenberg,  fig'gh^n-bfiRoS  Eckenberg,  fik'k^n- 
b4RG\  or  Eggenburg,  4g'gh§n-b6SRG\  a  village  of  Aus- 
tria, in  Styria,  2  miles  from  Gratz.  It  has  a  castle,  which 
contains  a  good  collection  of  paintings. 

Eggenburg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Egenburg. 

Eggenfelden,  fig'gh^n-fird^n,  a  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Rott,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Passau,     Pop.  1782. 

Eggenstein,  Sg'gh^n-stine^,  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1577. 

Eg'gertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Buffalo  Plains  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Egg  Har'bor,  a  township  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
3585.  It  is  bounded  S.E.  by  the  ocean,  and  contains  sev- 
eral villages  and  hamlets. 

Egg  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  in  Egg 
Harbor  township,  and  on  Green  Bay,  about  31  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Oconto.     Pop.  of  the  township,  454. 

Egg  Harbor  City,  a  city  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Atlantic  City  Railroad,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Camden,  and  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Atlantic  City.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
manufactures  of  cigars,  clothing,  boots,  shoes,  &c.,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  wines,  of  which  there  are  extensive  manu- 
factures here.  Four  weekly  newspapers  (3  of  which  are 
German)  are  published  here.  It  has  5  churches  and  a 
savings-bank.     Pop.  in  1880,  1232;  in  1890,  1439. 

Egg  Island,  Hebrides.     See  Eig. 

Egg  Island,  New  Jersey,  in  Delaware  Bay,  has  a  fixed 
light.     Lat.  39°  10'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  9'  W. 

Egg  Island,  a  low  narrow  island  off  the  N.  shore  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  below  Point  de  Monts. 

Eggleston,  gg'g'lz-tpn,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co., 
Mich.     Pop.  317.     It  contains  Alma. 

Eggleston,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Goodhue  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Red  Wing,  and  near  the  Mississippi  River. 
Here  is  an  elevator  for  wheat. 

Eggleston's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Giles  oo.,  Va., 
is  at  a  summer  resort  called  New  River  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  on  New  River,  about  90  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  is  surrounded  by  fine  mountain-scenery. 

Eggmiihl,  the  German  for  EckmUhl. 

Eggolsheim,  fig'gols-hlme^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1006. 

Egg's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Eg'ham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  3  miles  by 
rail  B.  of  Windsor,  on  the  Thames,  opposite  Staines.  Ad- 
joining it  is  the  field  of  Runnymede,  where  King  John 
held  the  conference  which  ended  in  the  signing  of  Magna 
Charta,  a.d.  1215.     Pop.  of  parish,  5895. 

Eg'holm,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Aeroe  Island.  Also  a  small  island  in  the 
Lym-Fiord,  Jutland. 

Egidistadt,  in  Transylvania.     See  Nagy  Enyed. 

Egin,  Sg^een',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 22  miles  N.E.  of  Arabgheer. 

Egina,  an  island  and  gulf  of  Greece.     See  ^gina. 

Egisheim,  i'ghis-hlme  (Fr.  Eguisheim,  i^ghees^fim'), 
called  also  Exheim  and  Exen,  a  town  of  Alsace,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1765. 

Egitto,  the  Italian  name  of  Egypt.  % 

Eg'lantine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark.,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Kensett  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Eg'linton,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
N.  of  Toronto.      It  has  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Eglisau,  i'gle-z6w\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
14  miles  N.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Rhine,  near  Baden.    Pop.  1435. 

Eg'lon,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Gaza.     It  is  identified  with  the  village  of  Ajlan. 

Egmond-aan-Zee,  5g'mont-8,n-zi,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  on  the  North  Sea,  5  miles 
W.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1850. 

Egmond-Binnen,  dg'mont-bin'n^n,  a  village  near 
the  foregoing.     Pop.  1213. 

Eg'mondville,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario, 
2  miles   from  Seaforth.     It  contains  a  foundry,  woollen- 


factory,  pottery,  potash-factory,  brewery,  tannery,  and  floor* 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Eg'mont,  an  active  volcano  of  New  Zealand,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  island,  18  miles  S.  of  New  Plymouth,  and  rising 
about  8270  feet.     Lat.  39°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  13'  E. 

Eg'mont  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Prince  Edward  Island.  Lat.  46°  34' 
N. ;  Ion.  64°  E. 

Egmont  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Low 
Archipelago,  in  lat.  19°  24'  S.,  Ion.  139°  15'  W. 

Egmont  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Archi- 
pelago or  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  10° 
53'  S.;  Ion.  165°  60'  E.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  10 
miles.     It  is  of  coral,  steep,  well  wooded,  and  fertile. 

Egmont  or  Six  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  Chagog 
Archipelago.  The  largest  is  in  .lat.  6°  40'  S.,  Ion.  71°  26' 
30"  E.     The  group  produces  cocoanut  oil. 

Egmont  Key,  at  the  entrance  to  Tampa  Bay,  W.  coast 
of  Florida.  On  it  is  a  light-house.  Lat.  27°  36'  N. ;  Ion. 
82°  48'  W. 

Egna,  the  Italian  for  Nettuarkt. 

Egnach,  fig'nlK,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  2i  miles  W.  of  Arbon.     Pop.  of  parish,  2652. 

Egoi  Isles,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Caroline  Islands. 

Egolshofen,  a  Swiss  village.    See  Egelshopen. 

Eg'remont,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on 
the  Ehen,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Whitehaven.  It  has  mini 
of  a  massive  Norman  castle.     Pop.  2377. 

Eg'remont,  a  township  of  Berkshire  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
New  York  line.  Pop.  890.  See  North  Egrebiont  and 
South  Egremont. 

Egres,  i^grfish',  or  Egris,  i^grish',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Torontal,  on  the  Maros,  15  miles  from  Komlos. 
Pop.  3042. 

Egreville,  4^gh'r-veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et 
Marne,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fontainebleau.     Pop.  1792. 

Egripo  or  Egripos  Island,  Greece.    See  Eub(ea. 

Egripo,  or  Egripos,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Cbalcis. 

Egris,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Egres. 

Egrisoo-Tagh,  Turkey.    See  Argentaro. 

Egt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Echt. 

Eguilles,  i^gheel',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-Rh&ne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1587. 

Eguisheim,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Egisheik. 

Egyek,  id^yfik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Theiss,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Nadudvar.     Pop.  3381. 

Egypt,  e'jipt  (Gr.  klyvrrrot ;  L.  jEgyp'Ui8  ;  Hebrew,  Miir 
or  Mizrai'm  ;  Coptic,  Cham  or  Khem  ;  Fr.  Egypte,  i'zheept' ; 
Ger.  ^gypten,  a-ghip't?n  ;  It.  Egitto,  i-jit'to;  Arab.  Mistr, 
misr,  or  Mtiar  ;  Turk.  Kibt  or  Keelt),  a  country  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E. 
by  the  Red  Sea,  S.  by  Nubia,  and  W.  by  the  Great  Desert, 
but  prior  to  1884  exercising  a  more  or  less  complete  gov- 
ernmental authority  over  territories  extending  almost  to  the 
equator.  Since  the  Soudanese  rebellion,  however,  the  lat- 
itude of  Wady  Haifa,  21°  40',  is  recognized  as  the  south- 
ern boundary.  Politically,  it  is  a  nominal  dependency  of 
Turkey ;  but,  though  the  Egyptian  sovereign  furnishes  a 
contingent  of  troops  to  Turkey  in  times  of  war,  and  pays  an 
annual  tribute  to  the  sultan,  Egypt  in  all  matters  of  inter- 
nal government,  as  well  as  in  international  affairs,  is  inde- 
pendent of  Turkey.  Egypt  Proper  is  a  country  remarkable 
alike  for  its  physical  peculiarities,  its  historical  interest, 
and  its  wonderful  monuments,  the  earliest  records  of  civil- 
ization. It  embraces  properly  the  lowest  and  most  north- 
ern division  of  the  valley  of  the  Nile,  from  the  last  cata- 
racts, lat.  24°  3'  45"  N.,  to  the  sea.  The  river  extends  in 
a  general  course  N.  by  W.  to  lat.  31°  35'  N.,  where,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Damietta,  the  principal  branch  falls  into 
the  Mediterranean  Sea.  The  length  of  Egypt,  measured 
on  the  meridian,  is  but  600  geographical  miles ;  but  along 
the  winding  valley  of  the  river,  which  is  truly  the  habita- 
ble country,  it  has  an  extent  of  about  800  miles.  The 
average  width  of  the  valley  of  the  Nile  may  be  assumed  to 
be  8  miles ;  the  greatest  width  of  the  delta,  from  Alexan- 
dria on  the  W.  to  the  ruins  of  Pelusium  on  the  E.,  is  about 
160  miles.  The  whole  area  comprised  in  the  valley  and 
delta  is  11,351  square  miles.  But,  including  the  desert 
country  on  either  side  of  the  valley,  the  area  of  Egypt 
Proper  is  about  175,130  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  3 
parts :  Lower  Egypt,  Bahari,  or  the  Delta,  with  7  perfeo- 
tures  or  provinces ;  Middle  Egypt,  with  2  provinces ;  and 
Upper  or  Southern  Egypt,  with  4  provinces. 

Description. — The  island  of  Philae,  near  the  S.  extremity 
of  Egypt,  has  been  compared  by  Arab  writers  to  an  eme- 
rald set  in  gold;  and  this  allusion  to  its  luxuriant  vegeta- 
tion is  equally  applicable  to  the  valley  lower  down.    Th« 


EGY 


1103 


EGY 


Nile,  in  Egypt,  is  everywhere  an  agreeable  object;  not  so 
much  owing  to  the  majesty  of  the  stream,  or  the  variety  of 
its  scenery,  as  to  the  strong  contrast  between  the  freshness, 
verdure,  and  animation  of  the  river's  banks  and  the  deso- 
lation which  reigns  beyond  them.  The  scenery  of  the  river 
is,  in  the  S.  part  of  Upper  Egypt,  wild  and  romantic  j  but 
as  we  descend  it  grows  continually  more  tame  and  monoto- 
nous, till  at  length  every  picturesque  feature  is  lost  in  the 
uniform  level  of  the  delta. 

The  valley  of  the  Nile,  throughout  its  whole  extent,  from 
Philse  to  the  vicinity  of  Cairo,  is  hemmed  in  on  both  sides  by 
continuous  chains  of  hills :  those  on  the  E.  side  approach  more 
closely  to  the  river,  while  the  Libyan  Hills  on  the  W.  rise 
with  a  gradual  ascent,  and  sometimes  recede  to  a  distance  of 
10  or  15  miles.  Towards  the  delta  these  chains  of  hills  di- 
verge, that  on  the  E.  side  turning  E.  by  Jebel-Mokattem, 
near  Cairo,  and  sinking  gradually,  till  it  disappears  in  the 
Isthmus  of  Suez,  while  the  Libyan  chain  skirts  to  the  N.W. 
the  plains  of  the  Natron  Lakes.  The  desert  between  the 
Nile  and  the  Red  Sea  is  intersected  by  several  chains  of 
mountains,  which  increase  in  elevation  towards  the  E.,  so 
that  the  ridges  nearest  to  the  Red  Sea  attain  a  height 
exceeding  perhaps  6000  feet.  W.  of  the  Nile,  the  Libyan 
chain  sepai-ates  the  river  from  a  wide  valley,  which  is  sup- 
posed not  to  be  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  openings  or 
lateral  valleys  with  which  we  are  best  acquainted  are,  on  the 
B.,  the  Valley  of  the  Wanderings  (of  the  children  of  Israel), 
leading  from  the  neighborhood  of  Cairo  to  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Suez,  and  that  through  which  passes  the  road  from 
Kuft  to  Kosseir,  on  the  Red  Sea.  In  early  ages,  when  Egypt's 
oommerce  by  the  Red  Sea  was  far  more  important  than  at 
present,  the  roads  from  the  Nile  through  the  E,  desert  were 
numerous  and  frequented ;  and  there  still  remains  indubi- 
table evidence,  chiefly  in  the  ruins  of  guard-houses  and 
solidly-constructed  wells,  of  the  industry  which  once  ani- 
mated these  inhospitable  wastes.  W.  of  the  Nile,  in  lat. 
29°  20'  N.,  a  deep  sinuosity  in  the  Libyan  chain  of  hills 
forms  the  fertile  valley  of  Fayoom  (in  Coptic,  Phiom,  the 
"sea"  or  "lake"),  in  the  N.W.  and  lowest  part  of  which  is 
the  lake  called  Birket-el-Keroon.  A  celeorated  chain  of 
■mall  oases  stretches  through  the  desert  in  a  line  generally 
parallel  to  the  course  of  the  Nile,  and  about  80  miles  west- 
ward of  that  stream.     These  belong  to  Egypt. 

The  only  river  of  Egypt  is  the  Nile,  which  receives  no 
accession  from  tributary  streams  (occasional  torrents  from 
extraordinary  rains  excepted)  in  the  last  1500  miles  of  its 
course.  It  enters  Egypt  with  a  breadth  of  3000  feet,  and, 
though  often  contracted  lower  down  to  2000  feet,  its  average 
width  throughout  may  be  taken  at  half  a  mile.  Of  the 
canals,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  is  that  commonly  called 
the  Bahr  Yoosef,  or  Joseph's  River  or  Canal,  which,  leaving 
the  Nile  at  Deiroot  (lat.  26°  15'  N.),  runs  along  the  foot  of  the 
Libyan  Hills,  which  it  enters  at  the  opening  of  El-Lahoon, 
and,  having  watered  the  valley  of  Fayoom,  it  again  issues 
from  the  Libyan  chain  and  joins  the  Nile.  The  plain,  often 
10  or  12  miles  wide,  included  between  it  and  the  Nile,  forms, 
with  Fayoom,  the  most  fertile  part  of  Egypt. 

The  canals  of  modern  Egypt  are  a  very  remarkable 
feature,  especially  in  the  delta.  They  serve  mainly  for 
irrigation,  but  the  largest  of  them  are  employed  in  naviga- 
tion also.  All  are  fed  by  the  Nile,  except  the  great  Suez 
Canal  (which  see),  and  even  this  is  attended  by  a  slender 
"  sweet-water  canal"  from  the  Nile,  the  true  life-giver  of 
the  whole  country.  The  fertilizing  eflfeets  of  the  Nile  are 
still  further  extended  by  a  costly  system  of  engineering 
works,  not  yet  complete. 

The  first  place  among  the  lakes  of  Egypt  has  been  usually 
assigned  to  the  Birket-el-Keroon,  lying  in  the  Fayoom, 
owing  to  the  supposition  that  it  was  a  remnant  of  the  ancient 
Lake  Moeris.  The  embankments  enclosing  the  site  of  that 
lake  (Moeris)  were  discovered  in  the  E.  part  of  the  Fayoom 
by  M.  Linant,  in  1842.  About  50  miles  N.  of  the  Birket- 
el-Keroon,  a  low  tract,  extending  S.E.  and  N.W.,  exhibits 
in  the  rainy  season  a  chain  of  pools,  known  as  the  Natron 
Lakes ;  from  which,  in  the  dry  season,  the  water  evaporates, 
leaving  the  ground  thickly  encrusted  with  natron  (sesqui- 
carbonate  of  soda),  better  known  in  commerce  under  the 
name  of  trona.  The  fertile  land  of  the  delta  is,  for  the  most 
part,  separated  from  the  sea  by  a  series  of  lakes,  or  rather 
vast  lagoons,  which  are  themselves  fenced  from  the  sea  by 
very  narrow  strips  of  land. 

The  arable  lands  of  Egypt  are  almost  entirely  alluvial, 
having  been  formed  by  the  Nile,  which  year  by  year  brings 
a  fresh  supply  of  fertilizing  ooze,  deposited  on  all  the  cul- 
tivable lands  in  the  season  of  the  overflow.  Hence  comes 
the  very  gradual  but  well-ascertained  rise  of  the  land  above 
its  old  levels. 


The  prevailing  rock  in  Lower  Egypt  is  limestone.  Fa.'^her 
up,  sandstone  abounds ;  and  in  the  extreme  S.  granite  and 
syenite  prevail.  Among  the  minerals  are  salt,  natron, 
nitre,  alabaster,  emeralds,  verd-antique,  petroleum,  Ac; 
but  of  these  only  the  first  three  yield  any  revenue. 

Climate. — The  climate  of  Egypt  is  remarkable  for  its  dry- 
ness and  general  uniformity.  Peculiar  circumstances,  such  as 
the  vicinity  of  the  sea,  and  the  freshness  of  the  N.  wind,  mod- 
ify at  the  N.  and  S.  extremities  of  the  country,  respectively, 
the  cold  of  winter  and  the  burning  heat  of  summer.  In  the 
delta  the  mean  temperature  of  winter  is  about  54°  Fahr. ; 
that  of  summer,  82°.  At  Asswan  the  thermometer  often  rises 
in  the  latter  season  to  96°.  It  is,  however,  characteristic 
of  Egypt  and  the  neighboring  desert  that  a  great  fall  of 
temperature,  from  14°  to  20°,  takes  place  at  night,  owing, 
as  it  is  usually  explained,  to  the  setting  in  of  the  N.  wind 
at  sunset,  or  rather  perhaps  attributable  to  the  general  dry- 
ness and  perfect  transparency  of  the  atmosphere,  which 
favor  rapid  evaporation  and  the  radiation  of  heat.  This 
nocturnal  cooling  sometimes,  though  very  rarely,  sinks 
just  before  sunrise  to  congelation ;  and  ice  has  been  found 
on  the  Nile  even  at  Asswan  (Syene).  The  hot  S.  wind,  or 
Khamseen  (that  is,  60  days'  wind),  sets  in  at  the  vernal 
equinox,  and  lasts,  as  the  name  implies,  nearly  two  months, 
the  thermometer  sometimes  rising  during  its  continuance  to 
100° ;  B.  winds  prevail  after  the  autumnal  equinox ;  during 
the  remainder,  or  about  eight  months  of  the  year,  the  wind 
blows  from  the  N.  and  neighboring  points.  In  the  maritime 
parts  of  the  delta,  considerable  falls  of  rain  occur  25  or 
30  times  between  October  and  March ;  only  half  of  this 
quantity  falls  at  Cairo,  and  above  the  26th  parallel  rain  is 
hardly  known ;  hail  is  very  rare,  and  still  more  so  snow.  The 
extensive  planting  of  trees  by  the  authorities  is  reported  to 
have  led  to  some  increase  of  the  rainfall.  There  seems  to 
be  good  reason  for  supposing  that  the  climate  of  Egypt  is 
insalubrious.  As  to  the  plague,  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  be 
generated  in  Egypt ;  but  its  rapid  diffusion,  as  well  as  the 
prevalence  of  elephantiasis  and  other  endemic  diseases,  may 
be  due  to  the  habits  and  wretched  condition  of  the  people. 

In  Egypt  the  seasons  are  reduced  to  three,  viz.,  the  inun- 
dation, spring,  and  harvest,  the  distinction  being  immedi- 
ately dependent  on  the  Nile.  At  the  beginning  of  June, 
the  hot  winds  being  over,  and  most  of  the  crops  cut,  the 
country  begins  to  resemble  the  adjacent  desert,  and  the 
parched  ground  cracks  and  opens  in  all  directions,  when,  in 
the  third  week  of  the  month,  the  river  is  observed  to  rise. 
The  increase  of  the  water  becomes  in  a  short  time  regular, 
till  it  reaches  its  maximum,  about  the  second  week  of  Sep- 
tember. As  the  canals  become  filled,  the  water  is  allowed 
to  run  over  the  fields  and  gardens,  the  low  dams  which 
protect  them  being  successively  trodden  down.  During 
this  season  Egypt  resembles  a  great  sea,  in  which  the  towns, 
villages,  and  groves  of  trees  figure  as  so  many  islands.  By 
the  middle  of  November  the  river  has  returned  to  its  old  bed, 
and,  as  the  waters  retire,  the  fields  emerge  from  the  inunda- 
tion, covered  with  mud ;  the  seed  is  quickly  sown ;  and  in  an 
incredibly  short  time  the  face  of  the  country,  lately  so  de- 
formed, is  clothed  with  the  richest  verdure.  This  spring-time 
lasts  till  the  Khamseen,  or  hot  winds,  after  which  comes  the 
harvest  and  occupies  the  period  that  intervenes  till  the  re- 
turn of  the  inundation.  The  Nile  may  rise  at  the  present 
day  29  feet  without  occasioning  any  damage. 

The  wild  plants  of  Egypt  are  generally  dicotyledonous 
annuals,  characterized  by  a  hairy  or  thorny  exterior,  long 
roots,  and  leaves  of  pale-green  color  and  dry  texture.  The 
most  common  wild  shrub  is  the  acacia  seyal,  which  is  almost 
leafless,  and  armed  with  long  thorns.  The  palm-tree  is 
rarely  seen  in  a  perfectly  wild  state;  yet  forests  of  the 
date-palm  of  great  antiquity  exist  on  the  E.  borders  of  the 
delta  and  on  the  site  of  Memphis.  The  doum-palm  {Hy- 
ph«ne  thebaica),  singular  in  its  bifurcated  forms,  arrives  at 
perfection  in  Upper  Egypt,  and  yields  a  fruit  of  the  size 
of  an  orange,  but  much  less  esteemed  than  the  date.  The 
sycamore  is  the  largest  and  most  umbrageous  of  Egyptian 
trees,  often  attaining  a  circumference  of  25  or  30  feet,  but 
with  a  moderate  height ;  it  bears  a  kind  of  fig  on  its  trunk 
and  larger  branches.  The  oranges,  figs,  and  tamarinds  of 
Egypt  are  excellent ;  but  the  European  fruits  grown  there 
are  of  inferior  quality.  The  chief  timber-trees  are  the 
acacia  lebekh,  the  cypress,  and  the  Aleppo  pine.  The  sant 
or  acacia  nilotica,  valuable  for  its  hard  wood  and  producing 
gum-arabic,  increases  in  size  as  we  ascend  the  Nile.  Thtt 
silk-mulberry,  olive,  poplar,  and  many  other  trees  have 
been  introduced,  and  thrive  exceedingly. 

Zoology. — The  list  of  the  wild  animals  of  Egypt  is  not 
large.  The  gazelle,  hyena,  and  jackal,  habitual  inhabit- 
ants of  the  desert,  occasionally   visit  the  valley  of  tht 


EGY 


1104 


EGY 


Nile ,  there  the  ichneumon  or  mangouste,  which  lives  chiefly 
on  eggs,  and  preys  on  those  of  the  crocodile  among  others, 
is  still  numerous.  The  jerboa,  a  kangaroo-like  rat,  bur- 
rows in  the  sands,  and  frequents  in  great  numbers  the 
plains  of  Gheezeh,  round  the  pyramids.  The  crocodile 
very  rarely  descends  the  Nile  below  Girgeh,  and  the  hippo- 
potamus has  long  since  retired  to  Upper  Nubia,  and  never 
visits  the  waters  of  Egypt,  except  when  forcibly  borne 
down  by  the  flood.  Wild  swine  are  still  numerous  in  the 
marshes  and  thickets  bordering  on  the  delta,  but  they  are 
little  molested  by  a  Mohammedan  population. 

Agriculture  is  in  general  carried  on  by  rude  methods  of 
extreme  antiquity,  but  the  khedive  and  other  large  culti- 
vators employ  all  the  modern  appliances  of  husbandry.  The 
1)rincipal  crops  are  cotton,  maize,  durrah,  beans,  wheat, 
)arley,  rice,  lentils,  lupins,  garden  vegetables,  clover,  sugar- 
cane, flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  sesame,  opium,  henna,  indigo, 
eafflower,  roses  (for  oil),  melons,  oranges,  bananas,  and 
other  fruits.  Most  of  the  domestic  animals  of  Europe 
thrive  here,  and  some,  like  the  sheep,  are  exceedingly 
prolific.  Poultry  is  extensively  bred,  the  eggs  being 
hatched  in  artificial  ovens.  Pigeons  are  kept  in  immense 
numbers,  and  their  dung  is  perhaps  the  most  important 
fertilizer  used  on  the  farms.  Camels,  bufi'aloes,  donkeys, 
and  mules  are  extensively  raised.  The  native  manufac- 
turing industries  of  Egypt  are  chiefly  the  weaving  of 
cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  the  manufacture  of 
leather,  coarse  pottery,  common  glass-ware,  and  household 
goods  in  considerable  variety.  But  the  government  estab- 
lishments and  the  estates  of  the  khedive  employ  many 
workmen  in  good  part  of  European  birth,  and  turn  out 
manufactured  goods  in  great  variety. 

Commerce  is  facilitated  by  an  extensive  railway  system, 
nearly  all  owned  by  the  government.  The  Nile  and  the 
larger  canals  are  navigated  by  steamers  as  well  as  by  freight- 
boats.  Egypt  has  a  large  trade  with  Eastern  Soodan  and 
other  parts  of  the  interior  of  Africa,  and  the  slave-trade 
was  carried  on  until  virtually  wiped  out  by  English  influ- 
ence and  effort.  Cotton,  sugar,  pulse,  wheat,  ivory,  gums, 
oil-seeds,  and  senna  are  exports.  Petroleum,  timber,  iron, 
and  coal  are  the  principal  imported  staples.  The  trade 
with  Mecca  and  Central  Africa  by  caravan  is  extensive. 

The  government  of  Egypt  is  a  hereditary  monarchy,  whose 
head,  called  the  khedive,  or  king,  is  a  descendant  of  the  line 
of  Turkish  viceroys  who  (180C-66)  long  ruled  the  country 
in  the  name  of  the  Sultan  of  Turkey.  In  1S66  the  present 
title  of  khedive  was  conferred  on  the  viceroy  by  the  Porte, 
and  in  1873  full  rights  of  sovereignty  were  granted ;  but 
the  khedive  pays  to  Turkey  an  annual  tribute  of  $3,700,000, 
besides  furnishing  a  military  contingent  in  time  of  war. 
The  powers  of  the  ruler  are  absolute,  but  the  public  ad- 
ministrative functions  are  regulated  by  a  council  of  state. 
There  is  also  an  assembly  of  delegates,  whose  members  are 
chosen  by  the  communes,  with  an  advisory  voice  in  public 
affairs.  The  public  debt  is  large,  and  so  is  the  personal 
debt  of  the  khedive,  for  the  payment  of  interest  on  which 
some  part  of  the  income  of  the  immense  landed  estates  of  the 
ruler  is  pledged.  Many  of  the  officials,  civil  and  military, 
are  of  foreign  birth,  the  English  latterly  predominating. 

The  African  dependencies  of  Egypt  comprise  Nubia,  the 
(Egyptian)  Soodan  (including  Sennaar,  part  of  Dongola, 
Kordofan,  Darfoor,  Fertit,  &c.),  and  a  region  called  "  the 
Provinces  of  the  Equator,"  held  by  military  occupation, 
and  extending  up  the  AVhite  Nile  nearly  to  the  great  equa- 
torial lakes.  A  large  part  of  the  Soodan  region  is  also  a 
recent  military  conquest.  Egypt  also  holds,  by  convention 
with  the  Porte  and  by  actual  occupation,  the  ports  along 
the  African  coasts  of  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Gulf  of  Aden. 
Much  of  the  Soodan  and  equatorial  regions  is  but  little 
known,  and  the  natural  resources  of  the  country,  however 
great,  are  mostly  undeveloped. 

The  chief  cities  of  Egypt  Proper  are  Cairo,  the  capital, 
Alexandria,  Rosetta,  Damietta,  Port  Said,  Suez,  Tantah, 
Zagazig,  Sioot,  and  Damanhoor. 

Egypt  is  much  visited  by  travellers  and  tourists  for  the 
■ake  of  the  grand  architectural  remains  of  its  remote  past. 
The  dryness  and  equability  of  the  climate,  and  the  wonder- 
fully substantial  and  ponderous  character  of  the  ruins 
themselves,  have  alike  tended  to  preserve  them  from  de- 
etriiction.  Even  Moslem  superstition,  which  utterly  de- 
stroyed nearly  every  Roman  town  in  North  Africa,  had 
not  the  strength  to  do  more  than  deface  the  pyramids  and 
temples  of  Egypt.  Among  the  more  interesting  remains 
are  the  Pj'ramids  (especially  those  of  Gheezeh),  and  the 
ruined  temples  of  Thebes  (Luxor,  Ac),  Philae,  Denderah, 
and  Edfoo.  Of  even  greater  interest  are  the  relics  of  the 
old  Egyptian  literature,  recorded  in  hieroglyphics  on  walls 


I 


and  on  papyrus  rolls.  The  gradual  translation  of  these 
records  is  unfolding,  in  a  remarkable  way,  not  merely  the 
national  annals,  but  also  the  story  of  the  daily  life,  the  re- 
ligious belief,  and  the  philosophic  speculations  of  a  wonder- 
ful people,  one  of  the  earliest  to  receive  anything  like  a 
true  civilization. 

The  population  of  Egypt  is  very  largely  Arabic  and  or- 
thodox Mohammedan.  The  old  Egyptian  race  is  represented 
by  the  Copts,  who  are  mostly  monophysitie  Christians,  but 
a  few  are  Romanists  of  the  Oriental  rite,  and  a  very  few  are 
of  the  Greek  faith  (Coptic  Melchites).  The  slave-trade  has 
also  brought  many  Nubians  and  negroes  into  the  country, 
and  they  are  very  frequently  emancipated  and  made  full 
citizens.  The  recent  forced  development  of  European  civ- 
ilization has  called  in  many  foreigners, — French,  Italian, 
Greek,  Maltese,  English,  and  German ;  but  the  climate  is 
so  fatal  to  children  of  European  families  that  few  natives 
of  this  stock  are  to  be  found.  In  1882  the  population  was 
6,806,381,  of  whom  90,886  were  Europeans, — the  territory 
included  in  this  count  being  the  Delta  and  the  Nile  valley 
to  Wady  Haifa,  the  Isthmus  of  Suez,  El  Arish,  and  the  Red 
Sea  coast  from  Suez  to  Kosseir.  Mention  should  be  made 
of  the  extensive  school  systems  of  Egypt,  partly  Moslem 
and  Coptic,  partly  governmental  or  publi  j,  and  partly  sus- 
tained  by  Christian  mission  societies.  These  schools  are  of 
every  grade,  and  are  increasing  in  importance. 

Modern  History. — In  A.n.  639  the  Arabs  effected  the 
conquest  of  Egypt,  which,  under  its  Mohammedan  rulers, 
soon  became  totally  changed.  In  1250  the  government 
was  seized  by  the  Memlooks  (slaves,  chiefly  from  Caucasus, 
bred  to  military  service),  who  had  grown  into  power  by 
the  favor  of  Saladin.  These  were  subdued  by  Selim,  the 
Ottoman  sultan,  in  1517;  but  the  descendants  of  the  de- 
feated chiefs  kept  the  country  in  disorder  for  more  than 
two  centuries ;  and  when,  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  the  Ottoman  empire  was  hard  pressed  by  Russia 
and  Austria,  Egypt  ag{iin  fell  under  the  turbulent  sway 
of  the  Memlooks,  who  continued  to  retain  the  sovereign 
power  during  the  French  invasion  in  1798  ;  but  on  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  French,  Mohammed  Alee  Bey,  commanding 
the  Turkish  forces,  contrived  to  shorten  the  contest  by 
murdering  the  Memlook  leaders.  As  he  consolidated  hii 
power  in  Egypt,  the  Porte  commanded  him  to  suppress  the 
Wahabee  (Wahdbi),  a  fanatical  sect  in  Arabia.  He  soon 
annexed  to  his  dominions  all  the  provinces  of  Arabia 
bordering  on  the  Red  Sea.  His  conquests  extended  to 
Sennaar  and  Kordofan.  At  length  he  broke  openly  with 
the  Porte,  and  in  the  plains  of  Nizeeb  (Nizib),  in  Syria,  in 
June,  1839,  gained  a  decisive  victory,  the  result  of  which 
was  a  treaty  confirming  to  Mohammed  Alee  the  viceroyalty 
of  Egypt,  as  a  fief  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  hereditary  in 
his  family.  Subsequent  events  have  been  the  establishment 
of  virtual  independence  for  Egypt,  the  conferring  of  the 
regal  distinction  upon  its  ruler,  the  construction  of  the  Sue* 
Canal,  the  wars  of  conquest  in  the  Upper  Nile  Valley  and 
the  Soodan,  followed  in  1879  by  the  abdication  of  the 
Khedive  Ismail,  the  Anglo-French  control,  1879-83,  the 
rebellion  of  Arabi  Pasha,  1882,  the  English  war,  and  the 
subsequent  virtual  management  of  the  country  by  a 
British  High  Commissioner,  the  attempt  to  establish  uni- 
versal suffrage  and  constitutional  legislation,  1884,  and  the 
successful  rebellion  of  the  Equatorial  and  Soudan  provinces 

under  the  Mahdi. Adj.  and  inhab.  Egyptian,  e-jip'shan 

(Arab.  Mus'ree). 

Egypt,  a  small  post-village  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah. 
Egypt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Natchitoches  parish.  La.,  5 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Natchitoches. 

Egypt,  a  station  in  the  town  of  Scituate,  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  South  Shore  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Scituate. 
Egypt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  76  miles  S.  of  Corinth,  and  about 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Egypt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  about  20  houses. 
Egypt,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1082. 
Egypt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Coplay,  and  1  mile  from  Whitehall  Station.     It 
has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  cement. 

Egypt,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Connellsville,  Pa., 
to  Cumberland,  Md.,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Connellsville. 
Egypt,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Washington. 
Egypt,  a  station  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Houston,  Tex. 
£gypt,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 
Egypt,  York  co.,  Ontario.     See  Vachell. 


1 


EGT 


1105 


EIN 


tdgyvt  Depot)  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Chatham  oo., 
Sf.C,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North  Carolina,  and  on 
Deep  River,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  Good  triassic 
)(>al  has  been  mined  here. 

Egypt  MillSj  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
)  miles  N.  of  Cape  Girardeau.    It  has  a  church, 
i    Egypt  3Iills,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Pa. 

Eharte^  a  railroad  station  in  Ohio.     See  Erhart. 
I   Ehen,  e'h^n,  called  also  £ken,  a  river  of  England, 
50.  of  Cumberland,  flows  through  the  Ennerdale,  past  Egre- 
|nont,  and  thence  S.  to  the  Irish  Sea. 

I  Ehingen,  i'ing-^n  (anc.  Dracuinaf),  a  town  of  Wiir- 
mberg,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ulm.  It  has  a  Catholic 
j'innasium,  a  hospital,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  3743. 

Ehnheim,  dn'hime,  or  Oberehnheim,  o'b§r-in^- 
lime  {Fr.Obernai,  o'bJR^ni'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  14  miles  by 
ail  N.  of  Schlettstadt.  Pop.  4554.  Near  it  is  the  village 
if  NiEDER-  (nee'd^r)  Ehnheim  (Fr.  Neidernat,  niM^R^ni'). 
'op.  1235. 

Ehningen,  i'ning-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle 
if  Schwarzwald,  7  miles  W.  of  Urach.     Pop.  3395. 
I   Ehningen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Biiblingcn.     Pop.  1320. 

Ehrang,  4'ring,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Rhine  province,  4 
piles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Treves,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Kyll 
^ith  the  Moselle.     It  is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  has 
jron-works,  trade  in  cattle,  and  an  annual  fair.     Pop.  2101. 
Ehrenberg,  i'r§n-b4RG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Leitmeritz,  and  near  Schluckenau.     It  consists  of 
(h  -ee  parts  (Alt,  ilt,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Neu,  noi,  Ehren- 
kERo),  and  has  cotton-mills.     Pop.  5176. 
I   Ehreuberg,  a'r^n-b^rg,  a  post-village  of  Yuma  co., 
liizona,  on  the  Colorado,  130  miles  above  Yuma.     It  has  a 
fei  ge  trade.     Here  is  a  Catholic  chapel.     Pop.  about  300. 
I   Ghrenbreitstein,  i-ren-brlt'stine,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
lussia,  immediately  opposite  Coblentz.     It  is  situated  at 
)  foot  of  a  rocky  mountain,  468  feet  in  elevation,  and 
jnce  called  Ehrenbreitstein-im-Thalc  ("Ehrenbreitstein 
the  valley") ;  it  commands  extensive  views  of  the  Rhine, 
he  fortress   of   Ehrenbreitstein,   which  covers  the   rock, 
as  originally  a  Roman  fortress.     It  was  in  vain  besieged  by 
(I  French  in  1632  and  in  1688.     It  was  again  besieged  by 
jreneral  Marceau  in   1796,  and  taken  in  1799;  it  was  de- 
i(  lished  after  the  peace  of  LunSville,  but  has  been  restored 
y  the  Prussian  government  since  1815,  and  is  now  a  first- 
lass  fortress.     Pop.  of  town,  4848. 

Ghrenfeld,  i'ren-f5lt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  forming  a 
uburb  of  Cologne.     Pop.  11,521. 
JGhrenfriedersdorf,  iM-en-free'd§rs-doRf\  a  town  of 
a;cony,  on  the  slope  of  the  Sanberg,  1500  feet  above  the 
Ba,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  3182. 
]&hrenhausen,  i'r§n-how^zen,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
tyria,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  602. 
JBhrensbrunn,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Ernstbrunn. 
Ehrenstetten,  i'ren-stStHen,  a  town  of  Baden,  8  miles 
W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1387. 
Eibau,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Alt-Eibau. 
Eibelstadt,  i'b§l-sta,tt\  or  Eivelstadt,  i'v^l-stitr,  a 
)wn  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main,  5  miles 
E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1228. 

Eibenschitz,  I'b§n-sheets\  or  Eibenschiitz,  i'b?n- 
hiit8\  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Iglawa,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
iriinn.     Pop.  3920. 
Eibeii stock,  i'b^n-stock^  a  town  of  Saxony,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Zwickau.     It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  prod- 
cts,  muslin,  and  lace.    There  are  tin-mines  and  stone-quar- 
iefi  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  6553. 
Eibiswald,  i'bis-*ftlt\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria, 
4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1079. 
Eibstadt,  Ib'stitt  or  ip'stitt.  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein, 
[line,  two  villages  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  near 
Kbnigshofen-im-Grabfelde,  on   the  Saale.     Pop.  of  Gross 
ilibstadt,  546 ;  of  Klein  Eibstadt,  505. 

Eich,  IK,  a  village  of  Hesse,  in  Rhein-Hessen,  near  the 
Ihine,  9  miles  N.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1676. 
Eichenbiihl,  i'K§n-bul\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
ranconia,  near  Miltenberg.     Pop.  1067. 
Eicho,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Eixo. 
Eichstadt,  or  AichstMt,  iK'stStt,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
2  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Ratisbon,  on  the   Altrauhl.     It  has  a 
jucal  residence,  a  cathedral  and  several  other  churches,  a 
iapuchin  convent,  bishop's  palace,  gymnasium,  Latin  and 
jther  schools,  a  public  library,  museums,  and  manufactures 
]f  earthenwares,  hardwares,  and  woollen  goods,  with  brew- 
ries  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  7136. 

"  Eichstetten,  lK'st5t-ten,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
preisam,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2590. 


Eichtersheim,  iK't^rs-hime^  a  village  of  Baden,  oirole 
of  Lower  Rhine,  near  Wiesloch.     Pop.  838. 

Eide,  i'd§,  a  post-oflBce  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Eider,  i'd?r  or  id'^r  (L.  Eidera),  an  important  river  of 
Germany,  rises  in  Holstein,  8  miles  S.  of  Kiel,  and  flows  gen-> 
erally  W.  to  the  North  Sea,  past  Rendsburg  and  Fredericks- 
stadt,  forming,  with  the  canal  of  the  same  name  which  con- 
tinues it,  the  limit  between  Sleswick  and  Holstein.  Length, 
90  miles,  for  70  miles  of  which  it  is  navigable.  It  opens  a 
communication  between  the  Baltic  and  the  North  Sea,  and 
the  tides  are  felt  as  far  as  Rcudsburg. 

Eiderstedt,  i'd^r-stittS  a  peninsula  of  Prussia,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Sleswick,  extending  into  the  North  Sea,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Eider.  It  forms  a  circle  in 
the  province  of  Sleswick-IIolstein.  It  is  low,  and  is  de- 
fended from  tlie  sea  by  dikes  and  lines  of  sand-dunes. 
Capital,  Tonning.     Pop.  17,470. 

Eidsvold,ids'vold,  or  Eidsvold-Bakken,  ids'vold- 
bik'ken,  a  town  of  Norway,  42  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Christiania,  on  the  Vermen-Elf.  It  has  iron-forges,  and  was 
the  seat  of  the  National  Assembly  of  1814.     Pop.  233. 

Eidsvold,  Ids'vold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Wis., 
32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Neillsville.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Eierland,  Netherlands.     See  Elierland. 

Eifel,  I'f§l,  a  range  of  schistose  hills  in  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, connected  W.  with  the  East  Ardennes,  and  trending  E. 
by  S.  towards  the  Rhine,  chiefly  between  the  rivers  Ahr  and 
Nette.  They  are  sometimes  divided  into  Hohen-Eifel 
("high  Eifel"),  Vorder  Eifel  ("hither  Eifel"),  and  Schneo- 
Eifel  ("snowy  Eifel"). 

Eig,  Eigg,  eeg,  or  Egg  (Sgg)  Island,  one  of  the 
Hebrides  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  12  miles  W.  of  Ari- 
saig.     Here  are  some  remarkable  basaltic  cliffs.    Pop.  282. 

Eigeltingen,  i'gh§l-ting'§n,  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Stockach.     Pop.  1075. 

Eiger,  i'gher,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  Bernese  Ober- 
land,  2  miles  N.  of  the  Monch.     Elevation,  13,045  feet. 

Eight  Brothers,  or  Sowauba,  so-waw'bi,  a  group 
of  small  islands  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Abyssinia,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Strait  of  Bab-el- Mandeb. 

Eighteen  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Eight  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Mo. 

Eight  Mile  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Neb., 
10  miles  S.AV.  of  Plattsmouth,     It  has  a  church. 

Eight  Mile  Si'ding,  a  station  on  the  European  A 
North  American  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Bangor,  Me. 

Eight  Mile  Turn'out,  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  is  on 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Eighty  Eight,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Eijerland,  or  Eierland,  i'er-lint^  ("  egg-land"),  a 
former  island  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  Hol- 
land, now  forming  the  N.  part  (about  two-fifths)  of  tlie  island 
of  Texel.  It  receives  its  name  from  the  number  of  sea- 
fowls'  eggs  found  upon  it. 

Eiken,  i'k§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargaa, 
10  miles  N.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  861. 

Eilau,  or  Eylau,i'low  (Deutsch,  doitch),  a  town  of 
West  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Mari 
enburg.     Pop.  3832. 

Eilau,  or  Eylau  (Preussisch,  proi'sish),  a  town  of 
East  Prussia,  22  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  noted 
for  the  French  victory  of  1807.     Pop.  3738. 

Eildon  (eel'dgn)  Hills,  three  conical  peaks  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Roxburgh.  Tradition  relates  that  these  hills  were 
originally  one  mountain,  cloven  into  throe  parts  by  th«> 
power  of  the  wizard  Michael  Scott. 

Eilenburg,  i'I§n-b65RG^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Leipsic,  on  an  island  in  the  Mulde 
It  has  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  10,312. 

Eilendorf,  i'l§n-doRf\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
3  miles  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  It  has  a  church,  a  copper- 
mill,  and  mines  of  calamine  and  lead.     Pop.  2300. 

Eilscn,  il's^in,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Schaumburg- 
Lippe,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  Biickeburg,  on  the  Aue,  near  the 
Haarlberg  Mountain.     Pop.  209. 

Eilythyas,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  El  Kab. 

Eimank  Country,  Asia.    See  HuzAREn. 

Eimbeck,  im'bik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Ilm,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  6384. 

Eimeo,  i'me-o,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  N.W.  of  Tahiti.  Lat.  17°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  10'  W. 
Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  6  miles.  It  is  the  station  of  the 
missionaries  in  these  islands,  who  have  established  here 
some  cotton-,  rope-,  and  other  factories. 

Eindhoven,  ind'hoV?n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel,  at  a  railway  junotioA, 


DAR 


1006 


DAU 


1  mile  from  Green  Lake  Station,  9  miles  S.  of  Berlin,  and 
26  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  hotels.  Green  Lake  is  a  summer  resort, 
is  about  15  miles  long,  very  deep,  and  is  surrounded  by 
attractive  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  204. 

Dartford,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  cc,  On- 
tario, 18  miles  N.  of  Colbome.     Pop.  100. 

Dart'moor,  a  table-land  of  England,  occupying  a  large 
part  of  the  S.  half  of  the  county  of  Devon,  being  about  22 
miles  in  length  by  from  9  to  12  miles  in  breadth.  It  com- 
prises many  granite  heights,  termed  tors,  and  has  numerous 
mines.  The  surface  is  mostly  heath  or  woodland.  The 
famous  Dartmoor  Prison  stands  near  Prince  Town,  where 
are  immense  granite-works  connected  by  tramway  with  the 
various  public  works  and  port  of  Plymouth.  The  moor  is 
cold  and  sterile. 

Dart'moor,  a  post-village  in  "Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  N.  of  Woodville.     Pop.  100. 

Dartmouth,  dart'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Dart,  opposite 
Kingswear,  and  32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Exeter.  The 
town  is  picturesquely  built  on  a  steep  acclivity,  forming  a 
succession  of  terraces,  and  its  dockyard  and  quay  project 
into  the  river,  which  here  resembles  a  lake,  with  finely- 
wooded  banks,  and  is  crossed  by  a  floating  bridge.  The 
Dart  is  defended  at  its  entrance  by  a  castle  and  strong 
batteries,  and  is  navigable  to  the  town.  The  principal  ex- 
ports are  barley,  woollen  goods,  and  cider.  The  imports 
are  wine,  oil,  fruits,  salt  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  fish, 
many  of  the  inhabitants  being  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  A 
steam  ferry  plies  to  Kingswear.     Pop.  5338. 

Dart'month,  ArHemont',  or  Onglahy,  ong'gli'- 
hee\  a  river  of  Madagascar,  rises  in  the  mountains  in  the 
central  S.  part  of  the  island,  flows  nearly  due  W.,  and  falls 
into  the  Bay  of  St.  Augustine  under  the  Tropic  of  Capricorn. 
Length,  about  150  miles. 

Dart'month,  a  post-township  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
about  2  miles  W.  of  New  Bedford,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  Buzzard's  Bay.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and  con- 
tains a  village  named  South  Dartmouth,  Dartmouth  Post- 
Office  is  about  60  miles  S.  of  Boston.  The  township  is 
traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Fall  River  to  New  Bedford. 
It  has  12  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  3430 .:  in  1890,  3122. 

Dartmouth,  a  port  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  in  Prince 
00.,  on  Richmond  Bay,  in  lat.  46°  33'  N.,  Ion.  63°  54'  "W. 

Dartmouth,  a  town  of  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the 
entrance  of  a  small  river  into  Halifax  harbor,  opposite  Hal- 
ifax. It  contains  several  foundries,  3  tanneries,  the  pro- 
vincial lunatic  asylum,  and  many  fine  private  residences. 
A  ferry  plies  between  Dartmouth  and  Halifax.    Pop.  4358. 

Dartmouth  College.    See  Hanover,  N.H. 

Dartmouth  College  Grant,  a  tract  of  land  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Maine  line.     Pop.  11. 

Dar'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
4  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  2582. 

Daruvar,  di^roo-vaR',  a  town  of  Austro-Hungary,  in 
Slavonia,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Posega.  It  has  sulphur  baths 
and  marble-quarries.     Pop.  3500. 

Dar'vel,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Ayr,  on  the  Irvine  Water.     Pop.  1729. 

Darvernum,  an  ancient  name  of  Canterbury. 

Dar'vill's,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  26  miles 
S.AV.  of  Petersburg. 

Dar'wa,  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,     Pop.  3054. 

Darwar,  or  Dharwar,  dar'war,  a  district  of  India, 
Bombay  presideney.  Lat.  14°  6'-15°  53'  N.;  Ion.  74°  50'- 
75°  58'  E.  Area,  4536  square  miles.  Cotton  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Darwar.     Pop.  988,037. 

Darwar,  or  Dharwar,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above.     Lat.  15°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  4'  E.     Pop.  35,000. 

Darwen.    See  Lower  Darwen  and  Over  Darwen. 

Darwent,  a  river  of  England.     See  Derwent. 

Dar'win,  a  post-office  and  mining  town  of  Inyo  co., 
Cal.,  95  miles  from  Mojave  Railroad  Station.  Altitude,  4950 
feet.     It  has  furnaces  for  silver-ore,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Darwin,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in  Darwin 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  18  or  20  miles  below  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.,  and  4  miles  from  Darwin  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Paris.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about 
300  J  of  the  township,  1103. 

Darwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Darwin,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  32  miles  from  Indianapolis. 

Darwin,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn.,  in  Dar- 
win township,  near  the  Lakes  Stella  and  Washington,  70 


miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul,  and  6  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Litchfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dar'win  Sound,  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  King  Charles's  South  Land.  Darwin  Mountain,  near 
the  coast,  is  estimated  to  be  6800  feet  in  height. 

Da'rysaw%  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark. 

Daschitz,  d9,' shits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chrudim,  on  the  Laucna.     P>p.  1884. 

Dash,  a  post-borough  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  about 
19  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Muskegon.     It  has  a  church. 

Dashkova,  or  Daschkowa,  d&sh-ko'v&,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  12  miles  S.  of  Moheelev,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.  Here  the  French  were  defeated 
by  the  Russians  on  the  10th  of  July,  1812. 

Dash'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus 
township,  on  Wallkill  River,  4  miles  E.  of  Rosendale.  It 
has  a  church. 

Dash'wood,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 

Das  Mortes,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Rio  das  Mortes. 

Dassau,  d&s'sSw  (written  also  Dassow),  a  market- 
town  of  Northern  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  20 
miles  W.  of  Wismar,  on  the  Stepenitz.     Pop.  1045. 

Dassel,  d&s's^l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  23 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  1811. 

Das'sel,  a  post- village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dassel 
township,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul,  and  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  2  miles  E.  of  Washington 
Lake,  and  is  surrounded  by  forests  called  the  Big  Woods, 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  woollen-mill,  a  roller-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  porcelain  stoves.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 

Das'sen  Island,  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  is  in 
the  Atlantic,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Town. 

Dassook,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Dessook. 

Dassow,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Dassau. 

Datch'et,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  on  the 
Thames,  opposite  Windsor.  Pop.  990.  Here  are  many 
elegant  mansions,  including  Ditton  Park,  remarkable  for 
its  fine  oaks.  Datchet  Mead  is  famous  for  Falstaflf 's  adven- 
ture in  the  "  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor." 

Date  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  E.  coast  of  Anam 
in  lat.  13°  30'  N.,  Ion.  108°  IV  E. 

Datiya,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ditteah. 

Datnovo,  dit^no'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Datschitz,  di'chits  (Moravian,  Daczicze,  d4-chee'chi), 
a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  S.  of  Iglau,  on  the  Thaya.  It 
has  a  castle.     Pop.  2332. 

Dattoli,  dit-to'lee,  a  cluster  of  rocky  islets  around  the 
island  of  Panaria,  Lipari  group,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Dauba,  dSw'bS,,  or  Duba,  doo'bi,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
circle  and  19  miles  N.W,  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1758, 

Dauchite  Bayou.    See  Dorcheat  Batou. 

Daudkandi,  a  town  of  Bengal,    See  Daoudcaundy. 

Daudleb,  d5wd'15b,  or  Daudleby,  d6wd'l4b-ee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  near  KoUiggr'atz.     Pop.  1300. 

Ddudnagar,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Daoodnuggur. 

Daufuskie  Island.    See  Dawpuskie  Island. 

Daugherty,  daw'^r-te,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  oo., 
Iowa.     Pop.  141. 

Daugherty,  a  station  on  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  in 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  6  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Dangi,  dfiw'ghee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  in  Vilna, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Troki.     Pop.  1200. 

DaulatganJ,  daw-lat-ganj',  a  town  of  India,  Sarun 
district.     Pop.  3173. 

Daule,  dSw'li,  a  large  navigable  river  of  Ecuador,  rises 
near  San  Miguel,  in  lat.  35°  S.,  Ion.  80°  38'  E.,  from  which 
point  it  flows  S.  to  Guayaquil,  where  it  joins  the  Guayas, 

Daule,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  22  miles  N,N.W.  of 
Guayaquil,  on  the  river  Daule. 

Daulia,  a  village  of  Greece,    See  Davlia. 

Daumeray,  do^m^h-ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  19  miles  N.W,  of  Baug6,     Pop,  1735. 

Daun,  d5wn,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
N.N.E,  of  Treves,    Pop,  763, 

Daung,  dawng,  a  country  of  India,  near  its  W.  coast. 
Lat.  20°  22'-21°  5  N. ;  Ion.  73°  28'-73°  52'  E,  Area,  950 
square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  chiefs  feudatory  to  the 
Rajah  of  Daung,  and  has  teak  forests.     Pop,  70,300. 

Dauphin,  daw'fin,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W,  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Swatara  River  and  Wiconisco,  Clark's, 
and  Paxton  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  the  Kitta- 
tinny  or  Blue  Mountain  and  other  parallel  ridges,  the  direc- 
tion of  which  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S,W.    The  valley  which  lie* 


1 


DAU 


1007 


DAY 


S.E.  of  the  Blue  Mountain  is  based  on  limestone,  and  is 
▼ery  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  plenty  of 
timber,  including  the  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  white 
oak,  and  wild  cherry.  It  has  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  the 
annual  product  of  which  is  about  400,000  tons.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  4  railroads, — the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  and  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  all  of  which 
communicate  with  Harrisburg,  the  capital  of  this  county 
and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  60,740 ;  in  1880,  76,148  ; 
in  1890,  96,977. 

Dauphin^  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Stony  Creek,  and  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  car-factory,  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  739. 

Dauphin^)  do^fee^ni',  called  also,  in  English,  Dau'- 
phiny,  an  extensive  old  province  in  the  S.  E.  of  France, 
now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  DrSme,  Hautes-Alpes, 
and  Is^re.  After  having  been  governed  for  several  centu- 
ries by  palatine  counts,  who  were  called  dauphins,  it  was 
ceded  to  Philip  of  Valois  in  1349;  and  from  that  time  to 
the  revolution  of  1830  the  eldest  son  of  the  King  of  Franco 
•had  the  title  of  Dauphin. 

Dauphine,  do-feen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Bonnet's  Mills,  13  miles  E.  of  Jefferson  City.     Pop.  65. 

Dauphin  (daw'fin)  Island,  a  long,  narrow,  sandy 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  W.  of  the  entrance  to  Mobile 
•Bay.     It  belongs  to  Mobile  co.,  Ala. 

Dau'ree^  a  village  of  India,  province  of  Malwah,  on 
the  Nerbudda.  Lat.  22°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  23'  E.  Here  the 
navigation  of  the  Nerbudda  is  impeded  by  a  fall. 

Dauria,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Daooria. 

DausS)  daws,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  in  a  bay 
of  the  Arabian  coast.     Lat.  25°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  3'  E. 

Davanagere,  di-van-a-gheer',  a  town  of  India,  in  My- 
wre.     Pop.  6596. 

Dav'enport,  a  post-ofiSce  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Davenport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Kissimmee. 

Davenport,  a  flourishing  city  of  Iowa,  and  the  capital 
of  Scott  CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mis- 
eissippi  River,  at  the  foot  of  the  upper  rapids,  about  336 
miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  70  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Dubuque, 
and  183  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, and  is  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad. 
Other  railroads  terminating  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  con- 
nect it  at  the  city  of  Rock  Island  with  the  Eastern  cities. 
It  is  built  partly  on  the  slope  and  top  of  a  bluff,  which  is 
moderately  steep,  and  commands  extensive  and  beautiful 
views  of  the  river  and  Rook  Island.  This  island,  which 
belongs  to  the  United  States  and  is  the  site  of  a  United 
States  arsenal  and  military  headquarters,  is  about  3  miles 
long,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery,  and  embel- 
lished with  several  costly  structures  built  by  the  Federal 
government.  A  grand  wrought-iron  bridge,  for  railroad 
trains  and  other  carriages,  has  recently  been  constructed 
from  Davenport  to  this  island,  which  forms  a  beautiful 
public  park.     This  bridge  is  said  to  have  cost  $1,000,000. 

Davenport  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  a  handsome 
opera-house,  about  28  churches,  3  or  4  national  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  normal  school,  a  convent,  the  Academy  of 
'  "le  Immaculate  Conception,  the  Catholic  Seminary  of  St. 
'larles  Borromeo,  the  Davenport  Library,  Griswold  Col- 
lege (Protestant  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1859,  and 
>  well-endowed  Catholic  hospital,  besides  extensive  manu- 
lotures  of  farming-implements,  carriages,  woollen  goods, 
irniture,  lumber,  flour,  Ac.    Four  weekly  and  5  daily  news- 
papers (one  of  which  is  German)  are  published  here.     Large 
^quantities  of  grain  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890, 26,872 ; 
[>f  Davenport  township,  2303  additional. 

Davenport,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Thayer  oo., 
[Neb.,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Belvidere.     It  has  2 
ehurches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  513. 

Davenport,  a  post-village  of  Davenport  township, 
)elaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Charlotte   River,  13   miles   N.  of 
{Delhi.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  350. 

Davenport,  an  incorporatedpost-town  of  Lincoln  co., 
iWashington,  67  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.     It  has  a 
Ohurch,  a  bank,  a  brewery,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  396. 

Davenport,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles 
»y  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  120. 

Davenport  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.. 


N.Y.,  in  Davenport  township,  on  Charlotte  River,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Delhi.     It  has  a  church. 

Davenport  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Patnam  oo.,  N.Y^ 
3  miles  from  Cold  Spring.     It  has  a  church. 

Daventria,  the  Latin  for  Deventer. 

Dav'entry,  commonly  pronounced  d&n'tree,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  free  grammar-school,  the  remains  of  a 
priory  founded  in  1090,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  shoes 
and  whips.  Here  is  Brough  (or  Dane)  Hill,  a  large  and 
lofty  Roman  encampment.     Pop.  4051. 

Da'vey,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

David,  d4-veed',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
il6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Panama,  on  the  river  David.  Lat. 
8°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  27'  W.     Pop.  4825. 

Da'vid  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Butler  co..  Neb., 
43  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  washing-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  2028. 

Da'vid  Clark  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  17°  19'  S. ;  Ion.  138°  30'  W.  It  is 
about  20  miles  in  circumference. 

Da'vidsburg,  a  village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Antis 
township,  1  mile  from  Bellwood.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  steam  tannery,  and  a  chair-factory. 

Davidsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

David's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  in  the 
township  of  New  Rochelle,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.  In  1867 
it  was  purchased  by  the  United  States  for  $38,600,  and  is 
now  a  military  reservation. 

Da'vidson,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Abbott's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  a  mine  of  zinc,  the  product  of  which  some- 
times has  a  value  of  $436,000  per  annum.  Gold  and  silver 
are  found  here  in  quartz  rock.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Lex- 
ington, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,414; 
in  1880,  20,333;  in  1890,  21,702. 

Davidson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  608  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cum- 
berland River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  hickory,  oak,  beech,  Ac. ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  un- 
derlies this  county.  Specimens  of  alabaster,  blende,  bary  tes, 
celestine,  and  galena  are  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Louisville  A  Nashville  and  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A 
St.  Louis  Railroads,  which  meet  at  Nashville,  the  capital 
of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  62,897 ;  in 
1880,  79,026;  in  1890,  108,174. 

Davidson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  oo.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Davidson,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N.C.,  is 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  A  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  N. 
of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Davidson  Collego 
(Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in  1837. 

Davidson,  a  station  in  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the  South- 
western Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Connellsville. 

Davidson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  10 
miles  S.  of  Hampton  Court-Hou^e,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Davidson's,  a  towijship  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.    P.  1640. 

Davidson's  Creek,  of  Texas,  runs  southeastward 
through  Burleson  co.,  and  enters  the  Yegua  Creek. 

Davidson's  River,  post-office,  Transylvania  oo.,  N.C. 

Da'vidsonville,  a  small  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Annapolis.   It  has  2  churches. 

Da'vidsville  (Smitten  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  22  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Davidsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Davidtown,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Sharon. 

Davie,  di'vee,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  296  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  South  Yadkin.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly ;  the 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  bv  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Mocksville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9620;  in  1880,  11,096;  in  1890.  11,621 


ELB 


1108 


ELD 


n 


asb,  tobacco,  sail-cloth,  oil.  starch,  soap,  and  chiccory.  Its 
trade  is  extensive.     Pop.  in  1890,  41,576. 

£]bingerodej  firbing-gh^-roM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  in  the  Harz,  20  miles  E.  of  Clausthal.  l'«p.  2955, 
employed  in  mining,  iron-forging,  and  brewing. 

£l'binsville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

EllbcBuf)  a  town  of  France.     See  Elbeuf. 

Elbogen,  or  Ellbogen,  dl-bo'gh^n,  or  Elnbogen, 
Sln-bo'gh^n  ("  elbow"),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  74  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  N.  of  Prague.  It  is  situated  on  a  steep,  rocky  prom- 
ontory, round  which  the  Eger,  here  crossed  by  a  chain 
bridge,  makes  an  elbow-like  bend,  to  which  the  town  owes 
its  name.     It  is  fortified.     Pop.  3257. 

El-Bostan,  fil-bosHin'  (i.e.,  "the  garden;"  anc.  Co- 
niana  t),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  40  miles 
N.AV.  of  Marash,  on  the  Syhoon  (Sarus),  and  on  the  N.  side 
of  Mount  Taurus.  Pop.  from  8000  to  9000.  It  has  several 
mosques,  with  a  considerable  trade  in  wheat,  and  is  said  to 
have  about  40  dependent  villages. 

EI-Bother^  dl-bo't'h^r,  a  low  sandy  island  in  the  Red 
Bea,  on  the  Arabian  coast,  lat.  15°  25'  N.,  Ion.  41°  30'  E., 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Kamaran  Island. 

ElboviuiU)  a  Latin  name  of  Elbeuf. 

El'bow,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  N. 
of  Horricon.     It  has  2  churches. 

£lbow  liakCf  Minnesota,  the  source  of  the  Red  River 
of  the  North,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Becker  co.  It  is  nearly 
9  miles  long,  and  is  1680  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

£lbow  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  co., 
Minn.,  160  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a 
church,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  267. 

El'bridge,  a  village  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Paris,  and  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Terre  Haute. 

£lbridge,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Skaneateles  Outlet,  12  miles  W.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains 
3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  3  chair-factories,  a  paper-mill, 
and  the  Munro  Collegiate  Institute,  which  is  liberally  en- 
dowed.   Pop.  693. 

Elbrooz,  Elbronz,  or  Elbruz,  drbrooz',  written 
also  Elburz  or  Elburj,  a  range  of  mountains  in  Central 
Asia,  occupying  a  middle  position  between  the  Anti-Taurus 
and  the  Kuenlun,  and  forming  the  connecting  range  by 
which  these  two  systems  are  united.  The  Elbrooz  pursue  a 
course  nearly  E.  and  W.,  skirting  the  S.  shores  of  the  Cas- 
pian, and  stretching  E.  to  the  highlands  of  Moorghaub,  in 
Afghanistan.  This  mountain-tract,  irregular  in  shape  and 
spreading  out  in  some  parts  to  a  breadth  of  fully  200  miles, 
is  divided  longitudinally  into  ridges,  separating  valleys 
which  communicate  with  one  another  by  passes  or  defiles 
and  form  an  extensive  aggregate  of  districts,  many  of  which 
are  well  inhabited  and  cultivated. 

Elbrooz,  or  Elbruz,  the  highest  mountain  of  the 
Caucasus  and  of  Europe,  stands  on  the  northern  slope  of  the 
principal  rapge,  and  is  18,526  feet  high.  It  is  visible  for 
more  than  feOO)  miles,  ana  at  its  base  is  a  glacier  whence 
flows  the  rivBr  Kooban. 

Elburg,  41'burG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Arnhem. 
Lat.  52°  26'  66"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  50'  E.     Pop.  2467. 

El'burn,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Kane  co..  111., 
9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
flour-mills,  and  tile-works.     Pop.  550. 

El  Cajon,  Si  ki-non',  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  in  a  beautiful  valley  of  the  same  name,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  San  Diego.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
public  schools.  The  fruit-growing  valley  of  El  Cajon,  some 
60,000  acres  in  extent,  is,  on  account  of  its  mild  climate,  a 
great  resort  for  invalids. 

El  Carpio,  41  kau'pe-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  2588. 

Elcebus,  or  Elcebum.    See  Schlettstadt. 

Elche,  fil'chi  (anc.  Il'ici  or  Il'lice),  a  town  of  Spain, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  wholly  an  Oriental  appearance,  being  built  in  the 
Moorish  style  and  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  extensive 
plantations  of  date-palms,  which  furnish  its  principal  arti- 
cle of  export,  shipped  from  Alicante  as  "  Barbary  dates." 
The  chief  edifices  are  a  fine  old  castle  of  the  Duke  of  Arcos, 
a  church  with  a  majestic  dome,  convents,  and  schools.  A 
handsome  bridge  crosses  a  ravine  which  intersects  the  town. 
It  has  many  Roman  inscriptions,  and  an  ancient  palace 
and  fortaliee,  called  Callaforra.     Pop.  18,734. 

Elche  de  la  Sierra,  fil'chi  da  li  sc-Sr'rS,,  a  town  of 
Spain,  65  miles  S.S.AY.  of  Albacete,  on  the  Segura. 

Elchingeu,  or  Ober  Elchingen,  6'b?*-  4l'King-§n, 
A  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ulm. 


El  Ciego,  fil  the-i'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Logrono,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1390. 

El'co,  a  post-village  of  Alexander  co..  111.,  28  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  free  school,  and 
manufactures  of  box-material.     Pop.  250. 

Elda,  51'di  (anc.  Adal'lum),  a  town  of  Spain,  26  milei 
N.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Elda.  Pop.  3874.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  paper,  soap,  lace,  leather,  and  brandy. 

Eldagsen,  Sl'dio-s^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
15  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  2344. 

EI-Dakhel,  Si  di'Kel,  or  Wah-el-Dakhleh,  wil  gi 
diK'iSh,  an  oasis  of  Egypt,  near  lat.  25°  30'  N.,  Ion.  29° 
E.,  50  miles  W.  of  the  oasis  of  El  Khargeh.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  28  miles ;  breadth,  15  miles.  Estimated  pop. 
between  6000  and  7000.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  yielding 
large  quantities  of  dates,  olives,  and  other  fruits.  It  con- 
tains the  small  towns  of  El  Kasr  and  Kalamoon,  numeroug 
villages,  and  the  remains  of  many  ancient  towns,  with  a  re- 
markable temple. 

El  Da'ra,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  in  Derry 
township,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough -factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Elde,  Sl'deh,  a  river  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  which, 
rising  in  Lake  Miiritz,  forms  several  lakes,  flows  W.  by  b., 
receives  the  waters  of  Lake  Schwerin,  and  joins  the  Elbe  at 
Domitz,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Length,  94  miles. 

Eldena,  Sl'd§h-ni,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
5  miles  E.  of  Greifswald,  has  a  royal  school  of  agriculture. 

Elde'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinoij 
Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 

El  Derayeh,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Derayeh. 

El'der  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal. 

EI'dersburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  churches. 

El'derslie,  or  El'lerslie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Renfrew,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Paisley.  This  is  the  ancient 
patrimony  and  supposed  birthplace  of  Wallace,  in  whose 
family  it  remained  until  the  last  century.     Pop.  1144. 

El'der's  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Young  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Saltsburg.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy and  a  church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

El'dersville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  33  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  IJ 
miles  S.  of  Hamlin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  230. 

El'derton,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Indiana,  and  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  2  grist-mills, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  243. 

El'derville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  in 
Wythe  township,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Quincy.  It 
has  a  church. 

El  Djar,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Djar. 

El 'don,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  5  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Coal  is  mined 
near  here.     Pop.  1725. 

Eldon,  a  post-village  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  bj 
rail  N.  of  Bagnell,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Tuscum- 
bia.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy. 

Eldon,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Belfast. 

Eldo'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  is 
on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad,  27 
miles  N.  by  W.  from  Marshalltown,  and  about  65  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  9  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  banks,  the  state  reform  school,  and  a  court-house. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1577. 

Eldora,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1102. 

El  Dorado,  SI  do-ri'Do,  a  name  given  by  the  Span- 
iards to  a  part  of  South  America,  now  called  Guiana.  It 
signifies  "the  golden"  country. 

El  Dorado,  SI  do-rah'do,  a  county  of  California,  bor- 
dering on  Nevada,  has  an  area  of  .about  1790  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Middle  Fork  of 
American  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the 
same,  and  by  the  Cosumne  River.  The  beautiful  Lake 
Tahoe  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county,  which  also  ha« 
a  remarkable  alabaster  cave.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  pine  and  oak  abound.  The  great  Sierra  Nevada  ex- 
tends through  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  in  which 
much  lumber  has  been  procured.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Granite,  slate,  limestone,  fine  marble,  and  quartz 
are  abundant  here.  Gold  and  wine  are  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  The  Placerville  division  of  the  Southern  Pacifi« 
Railroad  system  traverses  the  southwestern  portion  of  this 
county  for  a  distance  of  29  miles,  terminating  at  Placer- 


ELD 


1109 


ELF 


rille,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1860,  20,562  j  in 
1870,  10,309;  in  1880,  10,683;  in  18i»0,  9232. 

JEl  Dorado,  a  po8t-vilIage,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ark., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  court-house,  5 
churches,  6  dry-goods  stores,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce. 

£1  DoradO)  a  post-village  of  £1  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  several  churches. 
Qold  is  found  here. 

£1  Dorado,  i\  do-rah'do  or  dl  do-ra'do,  a  township  of 
McDonough  CO.,  111.     Pop.  883. 

£1  Dorado,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre  of  Sa- 
line CO.,  111.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  31 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Benton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
n  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  a  creamery, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  wheel-stock  company.     Pop.  about  1100. 

El  Dorado,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  925. 

£1  Dorado,apost-villageof  Fayette  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Dover 
township,  on  the  Turkey  River,  7  miles  N.  of  West  Union. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

£1  Dorado,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Walnut  River,  and  on  the  Florence,  El  Dorado  &  Wal- 
nut Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Florence,  and  32  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Wichita.  It  has  7  churches,  a  high  school,  3 
banks,  a  roller-mill,  a  creamery,  and  railroad  repair-shops. 
One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1411;  in  18Q0,  3339. 

EI  Dorado,  or  MacAf  ee,a  village  of  Mercer  oo.,Ky., 
t  miles  N.  of  Ilarrodsburg.  It  has  the  McAfee  Institute, 
£.  church,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Here  is  McAfee  Post-Office. 

El  Dorado,  a  village  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.     See  Lurat. 

£1  Dorado,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  Neb. 

£1  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C., 
*  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
iianufactures  of  furniture,  leather,  harness,  Ac.  Gold  and 
( ther  valuable  metals  are  found  here.     Pop.  250. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  29  miles 
ly  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw- 
nills,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  365. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
I'ennsylvania  Railroad  (Hollidaysburg  Branch),  3  miles  S. 
of  Altoona.     It  has  manufactories  of  axes  and  guns. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-township  of  Fond  dii  Lao  co..  Wis., 
en  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  about  6  miles 
If  .W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  contains  a  hamlet  called  El  Do- 
rado Mills,  and  a  station  named  El  Dorado,  which  is  9  miles 
W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1458. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  32 
niil«8  N.  of  Belleville.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  100. 

£1  Dorado,  a  mining-town  of  Bogong  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Beechworth.     Pop.  1562. 

£1  Dorado  Canyon,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev. 

El  Dorado  Lauding,  a  shipping-point  of  Union  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hope 
Station.     It  has  several  stores. 

EI  Dorado  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co..  Mo., 
10  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Stockton.     It  has  6  churches, 

2  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  mill. 
Pop.  1543. 

Eldo'ra  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa, 
37  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toledo,  and  6  miles  by  rail  S.  by 
E.  of  Eldora. 

Ei'dred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  High- 
land township,  5  miles  N.  of  Shohola  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Erie  Railroad. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1581. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa,  Pop.  666. 
It  contains  Warrensville. 

Eldred,  a  post-borough  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  at  the 
junction  of  three  railroads,  19  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Brad- 
ford, and  10  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Smethport.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  lumber,  paint,  lubricating  and 
illuminating  oils,  and  dynamite.     Pop.  1050. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  907. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1147. 
It  contains  Helfenstein. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1720.  It 
contains  Grand  Valley. 

Eldred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Honesdale.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ei'dredsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  14 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Laporte.  It  has  2  saw-mills  and 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Eldridge,  Sl'drij,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  63 
miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Eldridge,  a  post- village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 


Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Maquoketa  Branch,  11  miles  N.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
a  church,  an  elevator,  several  general  stores,  and  some 
workshops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eldridge,  a  post-borough  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  11  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public 
school,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  ahout  300. 

EIdridge'8  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Ele,  a  city  of  Asia.     See  Kooldja. 

Elebovium,  an  ancient  name  of  Elbeuf. 

Elechee,  or  Ilitsi,  Toorkistan.    See  Khotbn. 

Electoral  Hesse,  Germany.     See  Hessb-Cassel. 

Elec'tric  Peak,  Wyoming,  is  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  lat.  44°  58'  N.  It  rises  10,992  feet  above 
sea-level,  the  summit  having  the  appearance  of  an  immense 
pile  of  broken-up  volcanic  rock. 

Elegia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ilijah. 

Elek,  AMfik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Simand.     Pop.  4583. 

Elemer,  iHi^maiB',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  To 
rental,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Nagy-Becskerek.     Pop.  4300. 

Elena,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lens. 

El'enor,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

EPephan'ta,  a  small  island  of  India,  in  the  harbor 
of  Bombay,  7  miles  S.W.  of  the  city.  It  is  6  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, and  has  some  remarkable  cave-temples,  one 
of  which  is  130  feet  long  and  123  feet  broad,  rests  on  26 
pillars,  and  contains  many  mythological  figures. 

El'ephant  Bay,  of  Southwestern  Africa,  Portuguese 
colony  of  Angola,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  13°  14' 
S.     It  has  excellent  anchorage,  but  no  fresh  water. 

Elephantine,  Sl-^-fin'tee'ni  (Arab.  Jezeeret-el-Shaf, 
j5-zee'r4t-fil-shS.f,  "  islet  of  flowers"),  an  island  of  Upper 
Egypt,  in  the  Nile,  opposite  Asswan.  It  is  highly  fertile, 
and  is  covered  with  gardens,  dwellings,  and  mills,  inter- 
spersed among  canals  and  ruins.    It  has  quarries  of  syenite. 

El'ephant  Island,  Senegambia,  is  in  the  Gambia 
River,  100  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  very  populous. 

Elephant's  River.    See  Olifant's  River. 

EPeroy',  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in  Erin ' 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Freeport.     It  has  a  church. 

Elesd,  i'lfishd',  or  Elles,  finish',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Bihar,  on  the  Koros,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Debreczin.  It 
has  a  trade  in  salt.     Pop.  850. 

Eletz,  a  city  of  Russia.     See  Yelets. 

Eleusis,  e-lu'sis,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  the  remains 
of  which  exist  near  Lepsina,  a  small  village  in  Attica,  on 
the  Bay  of  Lepsina  (Gulf  of  ^gina),  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Athens.  The  plain  around  is  strewed  with  ruins,  and  the 
ancient  causeway  hence  to  Athens  forms  the  modern  road. 

Eleu'thera  Island,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  New  Providence,  and  separated  from  Abaco 
by  the  Providence  Channel.  Length,  80  miles;  breadth, 
10  miles.     It  produces  many  pine-apples.     Pop.  5209. 

Eleutherop'olis,  or  Betogab'ra,  an  ancient  city 
of  Palestine,  identified  with  Beit-Jibreen  (Jibrin),  a  village 
28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaza,  with  extensive  ruins,  comprising 
a  large  Roman  fortress  and  massive  vaults.  Near  it  are 
remarkable  artificial  caverns. 

Eleva'tion,  a  post-township  of  Johnston  co.,  K.C.,  26 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  1459. 

Elev'en  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  11  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Wellsville,  N.Y. 

Eleven  Points  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri, 
runs  eastward  and  southward  through  Oregon  co.,  and  passes 
into  Randolph  co..  Ark.  It  finally  flows  nearly  southward, 
and  enters  Spring  River  about  1  mile  from  its  mouth. 

£1  Faraireh,  dl  f^-r^'fr^h,  a  small  oasis  in  the  Libyan 
Desert,  80  miles  S.W.  of  El  Dakhel.  It  produces  fine 
olives. 

£1  Fasher,  fll  fish'^r,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Dar- 
foor,  about  225  miles  W.  of  El  Obeid. 

Elfdal,  filfdlr,  Elfdalen,  filf'di  l^n,  or  Elfvedal, 
filfv^-dir,  a  village  of  Sweden,  72  miles  N.W.  of  Falun. 
Pop.  4047. 

Elfeld,  Sl'fSlt,  or  Eltville,  ilt'vill,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Wiesbaden.     Pop.  2883. 

EI  Frat,  the  Turkish  name  of  the  Euphrates. 

Elfri'da,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Stony  Creek.     Pop.  150. 

Elfsborg,  filfs'boRg,  or  Wenersborg,  ^fin'^rs-boBg^ 
a  Isen  or  county  of  Southwestern  Sweden,  bounded  E.  by 
Lake  Wener.  Area,  4948  square  miles.  Capital,  WeneiB* 
borg.     Pop.  in  1876,  288,963. 

£1  Fuerte,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Calbuco. 


HLF 


1110 


ELI 


Elfvedal,  a  village  of  Sweden.    See  Elpdal. 

El'gar,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  group,  in  Scotland,  S. 
of  Shapinshay. 

£lgg,  ilk,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  18  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  7248, 

El  Gheezeh,  or  £1  Ghizeh.    See  Gheezeb. 

EI  Ghor,  a  valley  of  Arabia.     See  Arabah. 

Elgin,  Sl'ghin,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co. 
of  Moray  or  Elgin,  on  the  Lossie,  at  a  railway  junction,  118 
miles  N.  of  Edinburgh,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Lossiemouth, 
its  seaport.  The  town  is  situated  in  a  valley,  and  extends 
about  a  mile  along  the  right  bank  of  the  Lossie,  with  the 
village  of  Bishop  Mill  on  the  left.  It  contains  an  English 
chapel,  a  Free  church  and  several  other  churches,  a  literary 
and  scientific  institution  with  museum,  a  court-house  and 
prison,  Gray's  Hospital  or  Infirmary  (to  which  are  attached 
a  lunatic  asylum  and  an  orphan  institution),  assembly- 
rooms,  and  a  public  fountain.  There  are  also  an  excellent 
academy,  trades  schools  and  infant  schools,  some  ancient 
almshouses  and  other  charities  for  the  poor.  The  ruins  of 
the  cathedral  are  by  far  the  most  extensive  of  any  ancient 
Scottish  remains.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  1224,  was 
burned  in  1390  by  the  Wolf  of  Badenoch,  and  afterwards 
rebuilt.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  289  feet  in  length  and 
120  feet  in  breadth;  height  of  the  two  western  towers,  be- 
tween which  is  the  grand  entrance,  83  feet.  The  chapter- 
house is  entire,  and  highly  ornamented.  Several  of  the 
old  mansions  still  remain,  and  there  are  remains  of  a  men- 
astery  of  Grey  Friars,  and  a  conical  eminence  called  Lady 
Hill,  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle  of  the  Earls  of  Moray. 
Pop.  in  1891,  7894. 

El'gin  (Scotch  pron.  Sl'ghin),  a  post-village  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  Big  Black  River,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Bates- 
ville. 

Elgin,  Sl'jin,  a  city  of  Kane  co..  111.,  on  Fox  River,  at 
the  junction  of  two  railroads,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  contains  15  churches,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  an 
academy,  a  high  school,  public  schools,  and  a  manufactory 
of  watches  (the  Elgin  National  Watch  Company),  which 
employs  3200  hands  and  produces  watches  valued  at  about 
$4,000,000  annually.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  carriages, 
shoes,  watch-cases,  condensed  milk,  and  other  articles.  El- 
gin has  an  extensive  trade  in  butter  and  cheese,  its  sales  in 
these  articles  amounting  to  about  $2,500,000  a  year.  Nine 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  river  is  here  spanned 
by  several  bridges,  and  afi"ords  extensive  water-power. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8787 ;  in  1890,  17,823. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Tur- 
key River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  North- 
ern Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  West  Union,  and  about  66 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  fruit-canning  factory,  a  creamery,  and 
a  brewer}'.     Pop.  369. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  in  Sedan  township,  Chautauqua 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Big  Caney  Creek,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedan. 

Elgin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Bass 
River,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Haven. 

Elgin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minneiska  River,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Eyota,  and  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Antelope  co..  Neb.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Oakdale,  and  12  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Neligh.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  500. 

Elgin,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.   . 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  21  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  La  Grande.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  227. 

Elgin,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  22  miles  by  rail 
S.E,  of  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cup-valve  factory,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  169. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  27  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Austin.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  a  brick-manufactory. 

Elgin,  41'ghin,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ontario,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  Area,  725  square  miles.  Otter 
Creek  traverses  the  E.  part,  and  the  Thames  forms  a  part 
of  the  boundary.     Capital,  St.  Thomas  West.     Pop.  33,666. 

Elgin,  a  village  of  Quebec.     See  Kelso. 

Elgin  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Petitcodiac.     Pop.  250. 

El'ginfield,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

Elginshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Moray. 

Elgiobar,  41-He-o-BaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuz- 
coa,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1128. 

El'Golea,  i\  go-Wk,  a  town  of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara. 


Lat.  30°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  E.  It  is  a  very  important 
caravan -station.     Pop.  650. 

Elgorab,  41-go-r8,b',  a  small  island  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Arabia,  in  lat.  16°  8'  N. 

El  Gran  Chaco,  51  grin  chi'ko,  a  wide  region  of 
South  America,  in  the  centre  of  the  continent,  in  the  ter- 
ritories of  Bolivia  and  the  Argentine  Republic,  between 
lat.  18°  and  28°  S.  and  Ion.  58°  and  63°  W.,  bounded  E.  by 
the  river  Paraguay,  and  traversed  by  its  tributaries  the  Pil- 
comayo,  Bermejo,  Ac.  Surface  generally  level,  the  N.  part 
covered  with  grass,  the  S.  portion  an  arid  and  desert  plain ; 
the  portions  near  the  rivers  Paran4  and  Paraguay  are  well 
wooded,  containing  many  very  valuable  forest  trees,  and 
are  inhabited  by  roving  Indians,  including  the  Guaran^s, 
Tobay&s,  and  Payaguises. 

El-Guecer,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Temacin. 

Elgueta,  il-gii'tk,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  853. 

El'ham,  a  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  6i  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Folkestone.     Pop.  of  parish,  1258, 

El  Hammah  de  Cabes,  il  h&m'mi  dk  k&'bfts  (anc 
Aqtix  Tacapitanie),  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis,  18  miles  W. 
of  Cabes,  and  famous  for  baths,  whence  its  name. 

£1  Hayz,  k\  hiz  or  h\  h!z,  a  small  oasis  of  the  Libyan 
Desert,  in  lat.  28°  8'  N.,  Ion.  28°  53'  E. 

£1  Hejaz  or  Hedjaz,  hi  hdj-&z',also  written  Heds- 
jaz  ("the  land  of  pilgrimage"),  a  region  of  Arabia,  extend- 
ing along  the  Red  Sea,  by  some  considered  identical  with 
Arabia  Petraea.  It  is  almost  everywhere  a  sandy,  stony,  or 
otherwise  unproductive  country,  but  comprises  the  sacred 
cities  of  Mecca  and  Medina,  with  the  seaports  of  Jiddah 
and  Yembo.     It  now  forms  part  of  the  Turkish  dominions. 

£1  Hel'Ieh,  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile, 
opposite  Esneh. 

Elhenitz,  il'hi-nits,  or  Lhenicse,  l&-nit'si,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  23  miles  S.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  1310. 

El'hi,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on  the 
Puyallup  River,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Tacoma. 

El  Hofhoof,  in  Arabia.     See  Hofhoof. 

EPiangoo'dy,  a  village  of  India,  presidency  of  Mad- 
ras, 25  miles  N.W.  of  Ramnad. 

Elias,  Mount  St.    See  Mount  St.  Elias. 

Eli'da,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  HI.,  in  Winne- 
bago township,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  468. 

Elida,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  German  town- 
ship, on  an  affluent  of  the  Auglaize  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Lima,  and  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  533. 

Elie,  or  Ely,  ee'lee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Bay  of  Elie,  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2i  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Colinsburgh.     Pop.  626. 

Eliendorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Illyefalva. 

E'limsport,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

E'iimville,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Marys.     Pop.  100. 

Eliocroca,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lorca. 

E'lis,  an  eparchy  of  Greece,  anciently  a  kingdom,  but 
now  a  part  of  the  nome  of  Achaia  and  Elis,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  Morea.    The  chief  town  is  Pyrgo.    Pop.  51,066. 

Elis,  the  name  of  a  small  river  in  the  district  of  Elis, 
an  affluent  of  the  Iliaco  Peneus. 

Elis,  an  ancient  name  of  PALiEOPOLis. 

Elisabetgrad,  a  town  of  Russia.   See  YELrsABETGRAD 

Elisabethstadt,  Transylvania.    See  Ebesfalva. 

Elisana,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lucena. 

Elisavetgrad,  a  town  of  Russia.   See  Yelisavetgrab. 

Elisavetiiol,  Russia.     See  Yelisavetpol. 

El'ivon,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  N.  of  Newton. 

Eli'za,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  tht 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  767. 

Eliz'abeth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala.,  2i  mile* 
from  the  Conecuh  River,  and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Troy.  I< 
has  2  churches. 

Elizabeth,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Elbert  co., 
Col.,  40  miles  by  rail  S.  by.  E.  of  Denver.  It  has  several 
church  organizations,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
a  manufactory  of  gold-saving  machines,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  III.,  on 
Apple  River,  14  or  15  miles  S.E.  of  Galena,  and  29  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newi- 
paper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  495. 


ELI 


1111 


ELI 


Elizabeth)  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Ohio 
Biver.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  stave-factory.  Pop.  267. 
Elizabeth,  a  station  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  84  miles  W. 
of  Atchison. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Fergus  Falls.  It  has  a  mill  and 
an  elevator. 

Elizabeth,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Union  co.,  N.J., 
2  miles  W.  of  Newark  Bay,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newark,  and 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  city  of  New  York.     It  is  connected 
with  these  and  other  cities  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey  and  two  of  its  branches  which  terminate  here,  and 
by  the  New  York  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
It  has  wide  straight  streets,  which  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles  and  are  lighted  with  gas.    It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  city  hall,  31  churches,  an  opera-house,  2  national  banks, 
2  state  banks,  2  high  schools,  a  savings-bank,  an  orphan 
asylum,  and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  3  daily,  1  serai- 
weekly,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Among  its  churches 
lare  3  or  4  Baptist,  5  Catholic,  1  Congregational,  4  Episco- 
jpal,  1  German  Lutheran,  6  Methodist,  1  Moravian,  and  7 
Presbyterian.     Several  of  the  churches  are  large  and  ele- 
igant  buildings.     Elizabeth  has  also  4  academies  and  insti- 
I  tutes,  a  business  college,  2  public   halls,  and   5   masonic 
[lodges.     Many  persons  whose  business  is  in  New  York 
reside  in  this  city.     Here  is  a  large  manufactory  of  the 
I  Singer  sewing-machines,  which  employs  about  4000  work- 
men.    The  city  has  also  2  or  3  manufactories  of  oil-cloth, 
I  2  potteries,  and  other  manufactories,  among  the  products 
I  }f  which  are  hats,  saws,  mill-machinery,  stoves,  harness, 
hardware,  cordage,  edge-tools,  and  combs.     Elizabeth  is 
iivided  into  12  wards,  and  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  state.     That  part  of  the  city  which  is  popularly  called 
Elizabethport  is  on  Staten  Island  Sound,  2  miles  S.E.  of 
'he  centre  of  Elizabeth,  7  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  12  miles 
3.W.  of  New  York.     It  is  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  at  the  junction  of  the  Long  Branch  division.     Its 
prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  manufactures  and  com- 
merce.    It  contains  5  or  more  churches,  several  iron-foun- 
iries,  Ac,  and  is  a  leading  place  in  the  shipment  of  an- 
thracite coal.     It  is  accessible  for  boats  at  high  water  with 
i  draught  of  22  feet  at  least.     Pop.  of  Elizabeth  in  1860, 
11,567;  in  1870,  20,832;  in  1880,  28,229;  in  1890,37,764. 
Elizabeth,  North  Carolina.     See  Elizabeth  City. 
Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  traversed 
t)y  the  Iron  Railroad.     It  contains  mines  of  coal  and  iron, 
ind  several  iron-manufacturing  villages.     Pop.  3369. 
Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.     Pop.  1178. 
Elizabeth,  a  village   of   Morgan   co.,  0.,  in   Centre 
"Ownship,  about  21  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.     Petroleum  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1105. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  ad- 
jacent to  Elizabeth  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  River,  21  miles  by  rail  (25  by  water)  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  newspaper  ofBce,  2  planing-mills, 
3  saw-mills,  a  vault-  and  safe-factory,  and  several  boat- 
yards.    Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Coal  is 
mined  here  extensively.     Pop.  in  1890,  1804. 
Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.  Pop.  5149. 
Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1012. 
Elizabeth,  a  post- village  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  about  13 
miles  (direct)  N.AV.  of  Miller. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Elizabeth,  the  capital  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  on  the 
Little  Kanawha  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  ofifices,  4  saw- 
mills, and  a  grist-mill.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place 
and  Parkersburg.     Pop.  715. 

Elizabeth  City,  a  small  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Virginia,  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  James  River.  Area, 
60  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay,  on  the  S.  by  Hampton  Roads,  and  on  the  N.  by  Back 
River.  Indian  corn  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products  of 
the  soil.  Fortress  Monroe  stands  on  the  coast  of  this 
county.  The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  intersects  the 
county.  Capital,  Hampton.  Pop.  in  1870,  8303;  in  1880, 
10,689;  in  1890,  16,168. 

Elizabeth  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pasquotank 
CO.,  N.C.,  is  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of  the  Pasquotank 
River,  40  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  with  which  it  is  con- 
-'  neoted  by  railroad  and  by  steamboats  running  through  the 
<|  Dismal  Swamp  Canal.  It  has  2  banks,  7  churches,  an 
academy,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  2  hotels,  4  lumber-mills,  a 
ooaoh -factory.  2  brick-yards,  a  ship-yard,  and  10  oyster- 


canning  factories.    A  spring  and  fall  term  of  the  Federal 
Court  is  held  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2315;  in  1890,  3251. 

Elizabeth  Furnace,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Elizabeth  F«ruace.    See  Ferrol. 

Elizabeth  Island,  or  Hen'derson's  Island,  in 
the  Pacitic,  lat.  24°  21'  S.,  Ion.  128°  18'  W.,  is  of  a  peculiar 
coral  formation.     It  is  5  miles  in  length. 

Elizabeth  Island,  an  island  in  the  Strait  of  Magel- 
lan.    Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  52°  50'  S.,  Ion.  90°  30'  W. 

Elizabeth  Island,  one  of  the  Admiralty  Islands,  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  2°  55'  S. ;  bn.  146°  49'  E. 

Elizabeth  Island,  one  of  the  Marshall  Islands,  in 
the  Pacific.     Lat.  6°  N. ;  Ion.  169°  36'  E. 

Elizabeth  Island,  one  of  the  Society  group.  Lat. 
of  the  E.  point,  16°  58'  S.;  Ion.  145°  48'  W. 

Elizabeth  Islands,  off  the  coast  of  Massachusetts, 
are  situated  between  Buzzard's  Bay  and  Vineyard  Sound. 
They  are  very  small,  are  16  in  number,  and  only  2  or  3 
of  them  are  inhabited.  They  constitute  the  township  of 
Gosnold,  in  Dukes  co. 

Elizabeth  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  30  miles  from  Newhall. 

Elizabethpol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelisavetpol. 

Elizabethport,  Cape  Colony.     See  Port  Elizabeth. 

Elizabethport,  New  Jersey.     See  Elizabeth. 

Elizabeth  River,  a  stream  or  navigable  inlet  of  Vir- 
ginia, emptying  into  Hampton  Roads.  The  towns  of  Nor- 
folk and  Portsmouth  are  on  its  banks. 

Eliz'abethton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carter  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Johnson  City.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  an  academy,  and 
woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  734. 

Eliz'abethtown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  co., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  44  miles  above  Paducah,  and 
125  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflBce,  2 
churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and  10  dry-goods  stores.  Pop. 
in  1890,  652. 

Elizabethtoivn,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Seymour.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  drain-tile  factory,  a 
broom-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  430. 

Elizabethtown,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  66  miles  S.  of  Lawrence. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  oc, 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  42 
miles  S.  of  Louisville,  and  72  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bowling 
Green.  It  is  connected  with  Paducah  by  the  Paducah  A 
Elizabethtown  Railroad.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house,  2 
banks,  8  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2260. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  co,,Minn., 
in  Elizabeth  township,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Breckenridge.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

ElizabethtOAvn,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Monroe  City.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  El  Moro,  Col.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  100. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort, 
capital  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  Boquet  River,  in  Eliz- 
abethtown township,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Platts- 
burg,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  is  surrounded 
by  grand  mountain-scenery,  and  is  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Dix's  Peak,  one  of  the  Adriondaoks.  It  has  a  free  school 
and  academy,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSoe,  3  large  hotels, 
and  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  673. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bladen  oo., 
N.C.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  right  or  W. 
bank  of  the  Cape  Fear  River,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Elizabethtown,  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  about 
48  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  44. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Miami  River  and  Whitewater  Canal,  and  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  19^  miles 
AV.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Elizabethtown,  a  village  of  Licking  co.,  0.  See 
Perryton. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-borough  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harris- 
burg,  and  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  contains  7 
churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of 
agricultural  machinery,  fifth-wheels,  steel  axles,  furnitnre, 
Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  980;  in  1890,  1218. 
Elizabethtown,  West  Virginia.    See  Moundstilui. 


ELI 


1112 


ELK 


Eliz'abethville)  a  post-ofBce  of  Pendleton  oo.,  Ky. 

Elizabethville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
in  Washington  township,  on  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad, 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

£lizabethville)  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  2 
cheese-factories.     Pop.  150. 

!Blizavetopol)  or  £IizavetpoI.  See  Yelisavetpol. 

Eli'zaville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clin- 
ton township,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  2  churches. 

£lizaville)  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Maysville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  several  stores, 
and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  180. 

Elizavilie,  or  Union  Corners^  a  post-hamlet  of 
Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Jansen's  Creek,  about  16  miles  S.  of 
Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

El'izay%  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  625. 

Elizondo,  i-le-thon'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
20  miles  N.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1100. 

£ljas,  fil'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  58  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Caceres,  near  the  borders  of  Leon.     Pop.  1580. 

El'Jemm,  or  EIdjem,51-jfim'  (anc.  Tya'drus),  a  vil- 
lage of  Barbary,  105  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tunis,  with  remains  of 
a  noble  amphitheatre,  inferior  in  size  only  to  those  of  Rome 
and  Verona. 

£lk,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of 
650  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  Elk  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  a  large  proportion  of  it 
being  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Blue  and  white  limestone 
are  found  here,  especially  near  Howard,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Sandstone,  marble,  and  coal  are  also  met  with. 
It  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  system,  and  by  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Rail- 
road. Pop.  in  1875,  6215 ;  in  1878,  8218 ;  in  1880, 10,623 ; 
in  1890,  12,216. 

£lk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Area,  760  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clarion  River 
and  by  Bennett's  Branch  of  the  Sinnemahoning  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills  or  mountains 
(one  of  which  is  called  Elk  Mountain),  and  is  mostly  cov- 
ered with  extensive  forests  of  pine,  oak,  chestnut,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  produces  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  <tc.  Beds  of 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Lumber 
is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Elk  co.  is  traversed  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Buffalo,  Rochester  <fc  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Ridgway.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8488;  in  1880,  12,800;  in  1890,  22,239. 

£lk.  a  post- village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  23  miles  (di- 
rect) W.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
ties,  tan-bark,  &e.     Pop.  in  1890,  216. 

£lk,  a  post-village  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  CoUinwood  Falls. 

!Elk)  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  1833. 

£lk,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Holton. 

£lk,  a  post-borough  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Flint.     It  has  a  church. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  189. 

£lk,  a  township  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  941. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  621. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  675. 

£lk,  a  post-township  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1655. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2063.  It  con- 
tains  MoArthur,  the  county  seat. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Maryland 
line.     Pop.  839.     It  contains  Hickory  Hill  and  Lewisville. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.,  contains  Shippens- 
ville.  Elk  City,  Ac,  and  affords  petroleum.     Pop.  1055. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Tioga  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  172.  It  is  a 
vast  forest  of  hemlock. 

£lk,  a  township  of  Warren  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  New  York 
tine.     Pop.  469. 

El  Kab,  41  kJ.b  (anc.  EilythycLst),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thebes. 

£1  Kader,  h\  kah'd^r,  an  incorporated  post- village  and 
railroad  terminus,  capital  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Board- 
man  township,  on  the  Turkey  River,  about  50  miles  W.N.  W. 
of  Dubuque,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Fayette.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  butter.  Three  weekly  news- 
papers (one  German)  are  published  here.     Pop.  745. 

£l  Kads,  the  Arabic  name  of  Jebusalem. 


El  Kahireh,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Cairo. 

El  Kasimeeyeh,  a  river  of  Palestine.    See  Litaitt. 

El  Kasr,  or  El  Kasar,  41  kis'r  {i.e.,  "the  castle"), 
a  large  village  of  Egypt,  capital  of  the  oasis  El-Dakhel.  Lat. 
25°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  29°  E.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  sheikh,  ij 
surrounded  by  palm  and  acacia  plantations,  and  has  sulphur 
springs  and  remains  of  an  Egyptian  temple. 

El  Katif,  £1  Katyf,  or  El  Katiff,  41  ki-teef,  a  forti- 
fied  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  26°  25'  N.; 
Ion.  50°  E.    It  has  a  trade  in  pearls  from  the  adjacent  fishery. 

Elk  Cit'y,  a  post-village  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  25  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Mt.  Idaho. 

Elk  City,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Elk  River,  about  12  miles  by  rail  W.N.W 
of  Independence.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1 890,  796. 

Elk  City,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  in  Elk 
township,  on  the  Emlenton  &  Shippenville  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Edenburg,  and  13  miles  N.W.  of  Clarion.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  oil-wells. 

Elk  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  oo.,  W.  Va.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Clarksburg. 

Elk  Creek,  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  Mus- 
catatuck  River. 

Elk  Creek,  Oregon,  runs  westward  in  Douglas  co.,  and 
enters  the  Umpqua  River  about  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Elk  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward  in  Shelby 
CO.,  and  enters  Wolf  River  about  2  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  and  trading-poet  of  Colusa 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  41  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Colusa.  It  has  a 
church. 

Elk  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.  of  Golden,  Col. 

Elk  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1127. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  12  milei 
S.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  9  milea 
(direct)  S.  of  Houston. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Neb.,  on 
Nemaha  River,  6  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Tecumseh.  It  hu 
2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  216. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post- hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  milei 
N.  by  E.  of  Schenevus  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Sparta. 

Elk  Creek,  a  township  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  424. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  in  Elk 
Creek  township,  2  miles  from  Albion,  and  about  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Erie.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  township,  1325. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Wytheville.     It  contains  an  academy. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Elk  Creek,  about  44  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 

Elk  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Watauga  CO.,  N.C, 
8  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Elk  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  on  or 
near  Tarkio  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Craig.    It  has  a  church. 

Elk'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  2\ 
miles  from  Union  Dale  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  on  Elk 
River,  surrounded  with  fertile  prairies,  about  32  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Independence,  and  8  miles  (direct)  S.  by  B. 
of  Howard.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  350. 

Elk  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  N.  of  West  Liberty. 

Elk  Gar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  V».,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Saltville. 

Elk  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  V»., 
about  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Harrison,  which  is  25  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Keyser.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  723. 

Elk  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  wine 
and  raisins. 

Elk  Grove,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Chicago.     Pop.  1120. 

Elk  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.,  14  milw 
from  Breckenridge.    It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  ii  \ 
Elk  Grove  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  DubuqM,  ' 
Iowa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  933. 

El  Khaleel,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Hebron. 

El  Khargeh,  41  kaR'gh^h,  or  The  Great  Oa'si»,«  | 
fruitful  valley  in  the  Libyan  Desert,  the  southernmost  and   »i 


ELK 


1113 


ELK 


largest  of  the  Egyptian  oases,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Akhmym. 
Its  length  is  variously  estimated  at  from  80  to  200  miles,  and 
its  maximum  breadth  is  10  miles.  It  is  fenced  by  a  steep 
wall  of  limestone,  and  is  populous,  but  unhealthy.  It  has  a 
ton-n  of  the  same  name,  and  abounds  in  ancient  ruins. 

Elk'hart,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana,  border- 
ing on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph's  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  Elkhart  River,  which  enters  the  former  stream  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Goshen.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,026; 
in  1880,  33,454;  in  1890,  39,201. 

Elkhart,  or  Elkhart  City,  a  post-village  of  Logan 
CO.,  III.,  in  Elkhart  township,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  11  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  churn- 
manufactory,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  414. 

Elkhart,  a  city  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.,  is  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elkhart  River,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Goshen,  16  miles  by  rail  E.  of  South 
Bend,  and  101  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  is  a  large 
manufacturing  centre,  and  contains  11  churches,  3  national 
banks,  graded  schools,  a  high  school,  3  paper-mills,  2  tissue- 
paper  mills,  a  band-instrument  factory,  3  buggy-factories, 
2  starch-mills,  iron-works,  railroad  machine-shops,  and  2 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices.  It  is  lighted  by  gas 
and  electricity,  has  2  fine  parks,  and  an  abundant  water- 
supply.     Pop.  in  1880,  6953;  in  1890,  11,360. 

Elkhart,  a  township  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.,  ezclu- 
e  of  the  city  of  Goshen,  1933. 
Ikhart,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1531. 
Ikhart,  a  post-hamlet  in  Elkhart  township,  Polk  co., 

wa,  15  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church. 

Elkhart,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
International  and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Palestine.     It  has  2  churches. 

Elkhart,  a  post- village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  7  miles 
oy  rail  N.  of  Plymouth,  and  16  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of 
Sheboygan.     It  has  a  church. 

~  Ikhart  City,  a  village  of  Illinois.    See  Elkhart. 

Ikhart  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Noble  co.,  runs 
•thwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  (of  Lake 
Michigan)  at  Elkhart.  It  is  about  90  miles  long,  and 
aflFords  abundant  water-power. 

Elk  Head,  a  poat-haralet  of  Christian  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Ozark.  It  has  manufactures  of  hard- 
'arare. 

Elk  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  27 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Roseburg,  and  7  miles  E.  of 
Toncalla. 

Elk  Head  River  rises  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming, 
runs  southward  into  Colorado,  and  enters  the  Yampah  or 
Bear  River. 

Elk  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va,,  17  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Maiden's  Adventure,  which  is  about  1  mile 
S.j)f  Goochland  Court-House. 

Ikhorn,  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.  P.  1428. 
Ikhorn,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  111.  Pop.  1150. 
Ikhorn,  or  Elk'ton,  a  post- village  of  Washington 
CO.,  111.,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  160.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Elkhom. 

Elk  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  441. 

Elkhom,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
439.     It  contains  Rocky  Hill. 

Elk  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles 
8.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Elkhorn,  a  hamlet  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  4  miles  S.W,  of 
Swanwiok  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2479. 

Elkhorn,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana. 

Elkhorn,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Blkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles 
W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school, 
Uld  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  325. 

Elkhorn,  a  post-office  of  Onondago  co.,  N.Y, 

Elkhorn,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Monongahela   River,  and   on   the   Pittsburg,  Virginia   & 
Charleston  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a 
church,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 
71 


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Elkhorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va.,  S 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Mill  Creek  Junction,  and  27  miles 
(direct)  E.N.E.  of  Perry ville. 

Elkhorn,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminas,  capital 
of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  41  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from 
Racine,  and  28  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Beloit.  It  contains 
7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  handsome  union  school-house, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  bricks  and 
tiles,  wind-mills,  tanks,  tread-powers,  wood-sawing  ma- 
chines, butter,  cheese,  cigars,  and  cheese-bozes .  Pop.  in 
1880,  1122;  in  1890,  1447. 

Elkhorn  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  by  two  branches  in 
Fayette  co.,  runs  northwestward,  drains  parts  of  Scott  and 
Woodford  cos.,  and  enters  the  Kentucky  River  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Frankfort.     The  branches  unite  in  Franklin  co. 

Elkhorn  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  in 
a  township  of  the  same  name,  10  miles  W.  of  Polo,  and 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dixon.  It  has  a  church,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  about  20  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  662. 

Elkhorn  Grove,  Ogle  co..  111.    See  Eagle  Point. 

Elkhorn  River,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
state,  and  drains  parts  of  Elkhorn  and  Antelope  cos.  It 
runs  eastward  through  Madison  and  Stanton  cos.,  and 
southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Cuming  and  Dodge. 
Finally  it  flows  southward  through  Douglas  co.,  and  enters 
the  Platte  River  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ashland.  It 
traverses  fertile  prairies.     Its  length  is  about  200  miles. 

El 'kin,  a  post-village  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Yadkin 
River,  38  miles  N.  of  Statesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cot- 
ton-factory, woollen-,  grist-,  and  flour-mills,  manufactures 
of  lumber,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  288. 

El 'kins,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Elkins,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Montrose,  and  10  miles  (direct)  N,  by  E. 
of  Beverly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  planing-mills,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  737. 

El'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  several  mills  or  factories. 

Elkirch.     See  Illkircb-Grafbnstaden. 

Elk  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Minn. 

Elk  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.  It 
has  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  cider-mill,  Ac. 

Elk'land,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  about  40 
miles  E.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  1869. 

Elkland,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Mo. 

Elkland,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1058. 

Elkland,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cowa- 
nesque  Creek,  14  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Addison,  and  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lawrenceville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  carriages,  and  toys.     Pop.  1006. 

Elk  liick,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.     See  Salisbury. 

Elk  Lick  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Pike  CO.,  Mo.,  in  Spencer  township,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Frankford  Ilailroad  Station.     Here  are  medicinal  springs. 

Elk  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Elk  River,  16  miles  S.  of  Seneca  Railroad  Station. 

Elk  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Oxford. 

Elk  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Elk'mont,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Athens. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  brick-kiln,  Ac. 

Elk'mont  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Giles  oo.,  Tenn. 

Elk  Mound,  a  post-township  of  Dunn  oo..  Wis.,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad.  Pop.  492.  Elk 
Mound  Station  is  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Elk  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Susquehanna  co.     It  is  about  2000  feet  high. 

Elk  Mountain,  or  Big  Horn,  a  high  peak  of  the 
Medicine  Bow  Range,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  AVyoming,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Percy  Railroad  Station,  near  lat.  41°  36'  N., 
Ion.  106°  30'  W.     It  is  a  prominent  landmark. 

Elk  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  oo.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Medicine  Bow  River,  12  miles  from  Carbon  Station. 

Elk  Mountains,  Colorado,  a  range  or  group  a  few 
miles  W.  of  the  Saguache  Range.  Castle  Peak,  which  is  the 
highest  of  the  Elk  Mountains,  has  an  altitude  of  14,115 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  Among  the  other  peaks  are  Cap- 
itol Mountain,  Italian  Peak,  Maroon  Mountain,  Snow  Mass 
Mountain,  and  Sopris  Peak.  Granite  forms  the  central  and 
highest  parts  of  these  mountains.  Silurian  and  carbonifer- 
ous rocks  occur  on  their  sides.  This  is  a  grand  illustration 
of  an  eruptive  range,  and  presents  admirable  scenery.  "  The 
gorges  or  canons  out  by  Castle  and  Maroon  Creeks,"  says 
Hayden,  "are  probably  without  a  parallel  for  ruggedness, 
depth,  and  picturesque  beauty  in  any  portion  of  the  West." 


ELK 


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ELL 


£lk  Neck)  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md.,  on  or  near 
Elk  River,  6  miles  S.  of  North  East  Station.   It  has  a  church. 

£l'kO)  the  northeasternmost  county  of  Nevada.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Humboldt  River  and  its  North  and  South 
Porks.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous.  A  range  called 
the  East  Humboldt  Mountains  extends  nearly  through  the 
middle  of  the  county.  The  soil  of  the  valley  of  the  Hum- 
boldt produces  barley,  potatoes,  and  grass,  but  is  not  exten- 
iively  cultivated.  This  county  contains  large  arid  plains 
in  which  water  and  timber  are  scarce,  but  Franklin  Lake, 
Ruby  Lake,  and  Goshute  Lake  water  a  portion  of  its 
louthern  boundary.  Area,  17,652  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Elko.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3447;  in  1880,  5716;  in  1890,  4794. 

£lkO)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  603 
miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  313  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Reno,  and  about  108  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Hamil- 
ton. It  is  one  of  the  most  important  railroad  stations  in 
Nevada,  and  has  an  extensive  trade  with  the  mining  dis- 
tricts. It  contains  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  bank,  3 
hotels,  a  public  school,  and  a  hospital.  One  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  White  sulphur 
mineral  springs  are  about  a  mile  distant.    Pop.  in  1890,  660. 

£IkO)  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C, 
in  Williston  township,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Blackville.     It  has  a  church. 

£1  Kom,  a  locality  of  Egypt.    See  Ahhar. 

£l-Kos,  il-kos'  (a  "bow,"  so  named  from  its  windings), 
a  river  of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  enters  the  Atlantic  at 
El-Araish. 

EI-Kosh)  il-kosh',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Eoor- 
distan,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sote  Mountains,  30  miles  N.  of 
Mosul.  Pop.  about  3000.  It  is  resorted  to  by  many  Jewish 
pilgrims. 

Elk  Park,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Cranberry,  and  11  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of 
Bakersville.  It  has  2  churches  and  manufactures  of  sash 
and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  313. 

£lk  Pointy  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  oo.,  S.D., 
41  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Yankton,  and  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Sioux  City.  It  is  near  the  Missouri  RiVer,  and  in  a  rich 
farming  country.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Elk'port,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  between 
the  Elk  and  Volga  Rivers,  about  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Dubuque.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  flonr- 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  800. 

Elk  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  co..  III. 

Elk  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Rolla.     It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Rap'ids,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  the  E.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Elk  River,  16  or  18  miles  N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It 
has  6  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  large  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Elk  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has 
about  6  general  stores,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  blast- 
furnace.    Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Elk  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Elk  co.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Verdigris  River  in  Montgomery  co.,  about 
3  miles  above  Independence. 

Elk  River,  Maryland,  rises  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  and 
runs  southward  to  Elkton,  in  Maryland.  It  flows  thence 
southwestward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  in  Cecil  co. 
The  lower  part  of  it  is  navigable. 

Elk  River,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of  Benton  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Sherburne  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  at  the  village  of  Elk  River. 

Elk  (or  Cowskin)  River  drains  part  of  McDonald 
CO.,  Mo.,  from  which  it  runs  westward  into  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, thence  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Neosho  River. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Elk  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Tennessee,  drains  parts  of 
Coffee  and  Franklin  cos.,  Tenn.,  and  runs  westward  through 
Lincoln  and  southwestward  through  Giles  co.  It  next  inter- 
sects Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  near  the 
upper  end  of  the  Muscle  Shoals.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Elk  River,  West  Virginia,  drains  part  of  Webster  co., 
and  runs  westward  through  Braxton  oo.  It  subsequently 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Kanawha  River  at 
Charleston.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  180  miles.  It  trav- 
erses a  hilly  country,  in  which  bituminous  coal  abounds. 

Elk  River,  a  village  in  Elk  River  township,  Clinton 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Clinton.     It  has 


a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi,  contains  Elk  River  Junction,  Almont 
Station,  and  Teed's  Grove,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1271. 

Elk  River,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of 
Sherburne  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elk  River,  39  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  wagon-factory,  several  mills 
for  lumber  and  flour,  and  2  furniture- factories.  Pop.  in 
1880,  635 ;  in  1890,  679. 

Elk  River  Junction,  a  hamlet  in  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa, 
at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  7  miles  N.  of  Lyons. 

Elk  Run,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co..  Pa. 

Elk  Run,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Elk  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.,  8 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Taylorsville.  It  has  a  church  and 
an  academy. 

Elkton,  Washington  co..  111.    See  Elkhorn. 

Elk'ton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Todd  co.,  Ey.,  on 
Elk  Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Guthrie,  and  about  20 
miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Hopkinsville.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a 
steam  mill,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco.     Pop.  1158. 

Elkton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  is  on 
the  Elk  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Baltimore,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has 
7  churches,  an  academy,  public  schools,  2  banks,  paper- 
mills,  fertilizer-works,  and  an  iron-foundry.  Four  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2318. 

Elkton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Elkton,  a  station  in  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Wilmington. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Little  Beaver  River,  4  miles  E.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Elkton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  oo.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Umpqua  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Roseburg.  It 
has  3  ohuroh  organizations,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Brookings  oo.,  S.D.,  17  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Brookings,  and  66  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  3  ohurohes,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
&c.     Pop.  in  1890,  331. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Elk 
River,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3  ohurohes 
and  a  seminary.     Pop.  in  1890,  165. 

Elkton,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  24  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Luray,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S. 
of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office^ 
and  manufactures  of  engines,  cutlery,  wagons,  Ac. 

El  Kuelt,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Grane. 

Elk  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co..  Neb. 

Elk' view,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  47  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Elk'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  flour-mill. 

Elkville,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Ella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  25  miles  8. 
of  Wheeling,  and  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River. 

Ella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chippewa 
River,  12  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about  13  miles  N.  of 
Wabasha,  Minn.     It  has  a  church. 

El'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  Calder,  4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Halifax.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  6432. 

El'laville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Suwanee  River,  and  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile 
Railroad,  70  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  an  academy, 
a  large  saw-mill,  a  carriage -factory,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Ellaville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schley  co.,  Ga.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Americus,  and  49  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  court-house,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ellbogen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Elbooen. 

E116,  irii',  a  river  of  France,  enters  the  Atlantic  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Quimper,  after  a  S.  course  of  38  miles. 

Ellejay,  a  post-village  of  Georgia.    See  Ellijay. 

El'lejoy,  a  post-village  of  Blount  oo.,  Tenn.,  18  miles 
, E.S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
I    Ellenborongh,  el'l^n-bfir-riih,  a  post-office  of  Ruther- 
ford CO.,  N.C. 

Ellenborough,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va, 
on  the  North  Fork  of  Hughes  River,  37  miles  by  rail  ^ 
of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  roller  flour-mil 

Ellenborough,  a  post-village  in  Ellenborough  town. 


ELL 


1115 


ELL 


ihu.  iirant  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Platte  River,  6  miles  (direct) 
3.£.  ui  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  300. 

El'leuburg)   a  post-village   in    Ellenburg    township, 

ijlintou  CO.,  N.Y.,  2^  miles  from  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 

:  ijhamplain  Railroad,  and  28  milea  E.  of  Malone.     It  has  3 

'  jhurches,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.    The  township  contains  another 

I  village,  named  Ellenburg  Depot,  and  a  pop.  of  3186. 

Kllenbnrg  Centre^  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber  mill. 

j  Elleuburg  Depots  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
I  in  Ellenburg  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Malone  and 
)  Bouse's  Poiuc  28  miles  E.  of  Malone.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

El'lendale*  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  80  miles 
S.  of  Wilmington,  and  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Milford.  It  has 
a  church,  a  public  school,  a  peach-basket  factory,  and  a 
steam  lumber-mill. 

£llendale,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dickey  co.,  N.D., 
27  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Edgeley,  and  49  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Rutland.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  (Sec.  Pop.  761. 
Eilendale,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  oo.,  Va. 
EUeiidale  Forge^  a  hamlet  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa., 
fi.bout  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Harrisburg. 

£l'lendor»  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  17  rnile^ 
W.S.W.  of  Newark. 

ElMengow'an,  a  village  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  640. 

EPlengow'aUy  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Oncario,  10 
lailes  N.  of  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Elleno'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
U.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Ellensburg,  a  post  village,  capital  of  Kittitass  co., 
"" Washington,  37  miles  by  rail  N.  of  North  Yakima,  and  272 
iiiles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Seattle.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
i  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  6  flour-mills,  and  rail- 
IDad  repair-  and  machine-shops.     Pop.  about  4000. 

JBl'lentoUt  a  post- village  of  Manatee  oo.,  Fla.,  about 
5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Braidentown. 

Ellenton,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  22  miles 
iby  rail  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Qa.,  and  19  miles  (direct)  S.  of 
i.iken.    It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  grist-mills. 
I     El'lenville,  a  post-village  in  Wawarsing   township, 
I  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Sandburg  Creek,  on  the  Delaware  & 
iJEiudson  Canal,  and  on  the  Ellen ville  Branch  of  the  New 
hfork  <t  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Kings- 
tt'n,  and  about  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York.     It  has  6 
I  churches,  2  national  banks,  graded  schools,  2  newspaper  of- 
jfises,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  glass  bot- 
tles, cutlery,  soap,  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  3500. 
I     El'lerbe  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
JRiohmond  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles  from  Rockingham. 
'    £llershansen,  el'l^rz-hSw-z^n,  or  El'lershouse^  a 
j  post- village  in.  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  36  miles  by  rail  N. 
loi'  Halifax.     It  has  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  300. 
I    Ellerslie^  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Eldekslie. 
I    Ellerslie,  el'l^rz-le,  a  post-village  of  Harris  oo.,  Ga., 
|5  miles  E.  of  Cataula  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Ellerslie^  apost- village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  is  in  a 
|valley  between  Wills  Mountain  and  Savage  Mountain,  at 
lEllerslie  Station  on  the  Pittsburg  division  of  the  Baltimore 
,&  Ohio  Railroad,  and  at  State  Line  Station  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  (Bedford  division),  5  miles  N.  of  Cum- 
|berland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 
j  Ellerslie,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rhine- 
jbeck  <fc  Connecticut  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Kingston. 

EUerslie,el'l§rz-le,  a  post-village  ib  Prince  co.,  Prince 
lEdward  Island,  4^  miles  from  Alberton.     It  has  saw-,  card- 
ing-, and  shingle-mills,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  150. 
El'lerton,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 
El'lery,  or  El'iery  Centre,  a  post-village  in  EUery 
township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  about  11  miles  N.W.  of 
jJamestown.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1717. 
Elles,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Elesd. 
El'lesmere,  a  town  of  England  and  Wales,  cos.  of 
Flint  and  Salop,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shrewsbury.     It  has  a 
branch  bank  and  a  large  trade  in  malt.     Pop.  2013. 
Ellesmere  Land,  the  S.  portion  of  Grinnell  Land. 
El'lettsville,  or  El'littsville,  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
jland  township,  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  en  the  Louisville,  New 
JAlbany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomington. 
^It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  2  flour-mills,  a  lumber-mill, 
ja  woollen-mill,  and  2   mills  for  sawing  stone.     Here  are 
MMiries  of  stone,  large  quantities  of  which  are  exported. 


EUezelles,  ilVziW,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainant, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  5527. 

El'lice  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  on  a  coral  reef,  sur- 
rounding a  lagoon  in  the  Pacific,  discovered  in  1819.  Lat. 
8°  30'  S.;  Ion.  179°  13'  E.     Pop.  250. 

£l^lichpoor',  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  a  district  of 
its  own  name,  98  miles  W.  of  Nagpoor.  It  is  the  largest 
town  in  Berar,  but  has  little  commerce.     Pop.  27,782. 

£llichpoor,  a  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Eastern  Berar, 
British  India,  Area,  2772  square  miles.  Lat.  20°  51'-21<* 
46'  N.,  Ion.  76°  40'-78°  30'  E.  Capital,  EUichpoor.  Pop 
344,358. 

£l'licott,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  is  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Chautauqua  Lake.  It  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Falconer.     Pop.  1746. 

£llicott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  East  Ham- 
burg township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bufifalo.     It  ha«  a  church. 

£l'licott  City,  the  capital  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  is 
picturesquely  situated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the 
Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  6  churches.  Rock  JSill 
College  (Catholic),  a  cotton-mill,  a  large  flour-mill,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, a  paper-mill,  a  bank,  a  barrel-factory,  and 
3  weekly  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1488. 

El'licottville,  a  post-village  in  Ellicottville  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Great  Valley  Creek,  and  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  about  44  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Buffalo,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Great  Valley  Station.  It  has  a 
bank,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  union 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    P.  852 ;  of  township,  1931. 

El'lijay,  a  small  river  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the 
Coosawattee  at  the  village  of  Ellijay. 

Eliijay,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Coosawattee  River,  67  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  lumber-mills,  stone- 
quarries,  Ac.     Pop.  437. 

£lOinger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  La  Grange.     It  has  2  churches. 

£l'lington,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Ellington  township,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a  manufacturing  vil- 
lage named  Windermere,  on  the  Rockville  Branch  of  the 
Connecticut  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1452. 

Ellington,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  It  contains 
a  part  of  Quincy.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  that  city,  2298. 

Ellington,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,  on  Llmo 
Creek,  in  Ellington  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Mason  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  605. 

Ellington,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     P.  170. 

Ellington,  a  post-office  of  Tuscola  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Elling- 
ton township,  on  Cass  River,  about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Saginaw.     Pop.  of  the  township,  465. 

Ellington,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  436. 

Ellington,  a  post- village  in  Ellington  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown,  and  3  milea 
S.W.  of  Clear  Creek  Station.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
a  bank,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ellington,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1210.     It  contains  Stephensville. 

El'lingwood's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Winterport.     It  has  2  churches. 

£l'linwood,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Lakin  township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  10  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Great  Bend.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  flour-mill,  a  public  school,  &c.     Pop.  684. 

El'Iiot,  a  hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Elliot  township, 
on  the  Pisoataqua  River,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Port- 
land Railroskd.  It  produces  hay,  potatoes,  and  apples,  and 
has  some  manufactures  of  bricks.     Pop.  1463. 

Ellio'ta,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township,  Fillmore 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  2 
churches,  4  stores,  and  a  windmill. 

El'liott,  a  small  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
is  partly  drained  by  forks  of  Little  Sandy  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Area,  270  square 
miles.  Capital,  Sandy  Hook.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4433  J  in  1880,  6667;  in  1890,  9214. 

Elliott,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  oo.,  CaL,  34 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
store.     Pop.  of  township,  1765. 

Elliott,  a  post-village  of  Ford  oo..  111.,  in  Dix  town- 
ship, 10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Paxton,  and  40  miles  by  rail 
E.  G^  Bloomington.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  cheese-  and  butter-factories.     Pop.  300 


ELL 


1116 


ELL 


Kliiutt)  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  11 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Red  Oak. 

Elliott)  a  post-hamlet  of  Grenada  oo.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  &,  New  Orleans  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of 
Grenada.     It  has  2  stores  and  6  residences. 

Elliott  Bay,  Washington.    See  Seattle. 

El'liott'Sy  a  station  in  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Willi- 
mantic. 

Elliott's,  a  post-office  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex. 

El'liottsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ferry  co..  Pa.,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.     Near  it  are  several  churches. 

El'liott's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Elliott's  Knob,  a  mountain  of  Augusta  co.,  Ya.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Staunton,  has  an  altitude  of  4448  feet. 

Elliott's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  oo..  Miss., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

El'liottstowu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co.,  111., 
about  36  miles  E.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  2  churches. 

El'Iiottsville,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Siluria  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Elliottsville,  a  plantation  in  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Moosehead  Lake.     Pop.  42. 

Elliottsville,  a  village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  in  Knox 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  New  Cumberland, 
W.  Va.,  and  on  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  terra-cotta-works,  and  a 
manufactory  of  tire-bricks  and  sewer-pipes.  Here  is  Calu- 
met Post-Office.     Pop.  about  150. 

EUiottville,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky. 

El'lis,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  625  square  miles,  being  a  square  each  side  of 
which  measures  30  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  Fork  of  Kansas  River,  by  Big  Creek,  and  by  Saline 
River,  the  last  of  which  flows  through  the  N.  part  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  ^9  per  cent, 
of  it  is  prairie ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Magnesian  limestone 
and  clay  of  a  superior  quality  for  bricks  are  found  here.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Hays 
City.     Pop.  in  1870,  1336;  in  1880,  6179;  in  1890,  7942. 

Ellis,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Trinity  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Chambers 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  ash,  oak,  elm,  pecan,  and  other  hard  timber  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  bides,  Indian  corn,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad  and  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Waxahachie.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7514;  in  1880,  21,294;  in  1890,  31,774. 

Ellis,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stockton, 

Ellis,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.  Ellis  township 
is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  Iowa  River.     Pop.  680. 

Ellis,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas,  on  Big  Creek, 
18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Wa  Keeney  and  14  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Hays  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  and  some  machine-shops  of 
the  railroad.     Pop,  in  1890,  1107. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Zanesville. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  about  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Stevens  Point. 

El'lisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Delaware  township,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Haddonfield. 

Ellisburg,  a  post- village  in  EUisburg  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  on  South  Sandy  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Watertown,  and  4  miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  furniture 
and  farming-implements.  Pop.  336.  EUisburg  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  other 
villages,  named  Belleville,  Mannsville,  and  Pierrepont 
Manor.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4145. 

EUisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  oo..  Pa.,  in  Genesee 
township,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wellsville,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
church  and  saw-mills. 

El'lisdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  3 
miles  W,  of  Davis  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ellis  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chester. 


Ellis  Island,  of  New  York,  is  situated  in  New  York 
Harbor,  about  a  mile  S.W.  of  the  city. 

El'lislie  Landing,  Issaquena  co.,  Miss.,  is  a  shipping. 

Joint  on  the  Mississippi  River,  75  miles  above  Vicksourg. 
t  haa  2  stores  and  a  church. 

Ellis  Mill,  a  station  in  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Qosport. 

Ellis  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Ill, 

El'lison,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  111.,  in  Ellison 
township,  7  miles  from  Kirkwood,  and  about  25  miles  S.W, 
of  Galesburg.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  brooma 
and  ploughs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1258. 

Ellison,  a  hamlet  in  Elizabeth  township,  Lawrence  co., 
0.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Iron  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Iron 
ton.     It  has  a  furnace  and  mines  of  coal  and  iron. 

Ellison  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Green  Bay. 

El'liston,  a  post- village  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cin- 
cinnati, It  has  2  churches.  Large  quantities  of  produce 
are  shipped  here. 

Elliston,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  is  at  or  near 
Graytown  Station  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  18  mile« 
E.S.E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  3  or  4  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Elliston,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <t  Bay- 
ton  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

El'listovrn,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Miss.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ellis  Village,  New  York.     See  Ellisburg. 

El'lisville,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  on  Spoon 
River,  in  a  small  township  of  its  own  name,  about  24  milei 
S.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  of  the  township,  657. 

Ellisville,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  uo,. 
Miss,,  on  Tallabala  Creek,  about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  a  church, 

Ellisville,  a  post-village  in  Meramec  township,  St.  Louii 
CO,,  Mo,,  3  miles  from  Clinton.     It  has  several  churches. 

Ellisville,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Ellisville,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co,.  Wis. 

El  Litany,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Litany. 

Ellittsville,  Indiana,    See  Ellettstille, 

Ellora,  a  town  of  India.    See  Elora. 

EUore,  dlMor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  Godavery  district,  38  miles  N,  of  Masulipatam. 
Pop,  25,487. 

Ellrich,  or  EIrich,  Sll'riK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Nordhausen.     Pop.  2688. 

EU'rods,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &,  Connellsville 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Ellsworth,  elz'wgrth,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  729  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly 
equal  parts.  The  surface  is  slightly  undulating ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Nearly  99  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and 
three  other  railroad  systems.  Capital,  Ellsworth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1185;  in  1880,  8494;  in  1890,  9272. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ark,,  about  54 
miles  E,  of  Fort  Smith. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Litch 
field  CO.,  Conn.,  45  miles  W,  of  Hartford,    It  has  2  churches. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  Ill,,  16  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Bloomington,  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  and  tile-works.     Pop,  250, 

Ellsworth,  a  station  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville 
&  Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute 

6  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N,E,  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 
Ellsworth,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Iowa,  63 

miles  by  rail  W.N,W.  of  Toledo,  and  17  miles  (direct) 
S,S,E.  of  Webster  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  creamery,  &c.     Pop.  300. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ellsworth  oo., 
Kansas,  is  on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  37  miles  by  rail  W. 
by  S.  of  Salina,  and  31  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lyons.     It  has 

7  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a 
graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  tile-,  brick-,  and  pottery- 
manufactory,  <fcc.     Pop,  1620.  

Ellsworth,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital  of 
Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in  Ellsworth  township,  and  on  the 
navigable  Union  River,  a  few  miles  from  the  ocean,  and 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  custom-house,  a  savings-bank,  a  public  library,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  numerous  saw-mills.  Several 
bridges  cross  the  river  here.  The  prosperity  of  this  place 
is  mainly  derived  from  the  lumber-business,  navigation, 


ELL 


1117 


ELM 


and  ship-building.  It  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4804. 

£ll8Wortli,  a  township  of  Lake  oo.,  Mich.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Chase.     Pop.  1949. 

£ll8Worth)  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Nobles  oo., 
Minn.,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Worthington.     It  has 
'2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  Ac.     Pop.  258. 
j     Ellsworth,  a  bamlet  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  about  36  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Rolla, 

Ellsworth)  a  mining-camp  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada,  about 
!120  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Carson  City.  Here  are  mines  of  sil- 
jver  and  galena, 

;    Ellsworth)  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  58  miles 
If.N.W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  160. 
j    Ellsworth)  New  York.    See  Hannaway  Falls. 
!    Ellsworth)  a  post-village  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  13  miles 
|by  rail  N.B.  of  Alliance,  and  about  14  miles  (direct)  W.S.W. 

Elf  Youngstown.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
rindow-blinds.     Pop.  about  200. 
Ellsworth)  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  S.D.,  16  miles 
direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Clark. 
i  Ellsworth)  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
direct)  S.  of  Maryville. 
Ellsworth)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis., 
n  Ellsworth  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.,  and 
15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hudson.    It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
2  newspaper  oflBces,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill, 
and   manufactures  of  baskets,  wooden-ware,  and   cigars. 
Pop.  in  1890,  670. 

I  Ellsworth  FallS)  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me., 
pi,  the  E.  bank  of  Union  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth. 
It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  luinber  and  staves. 
,  Ellsworth  Station,  a  post-oflSce,  Mahoning  co.,  0. 
j  EllwangeU)  511'wing-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Jaxt,  45  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  a 
3iistle,  gymnasium,  hospital,  bleach-works,  and  tanneries. 
P  m.  4155. 

I  Ell'wood)  a  post-oflBce  and  station  of  Schuylkill  co., 
Pi., on  the  Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Branch  of  the  Read- 
ing Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Pine  Grove  Junction. 
j  EllD)  dim,  a  parish  and  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
l«id  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glarus.  Pop.  907.  Its  sulphur 
springs  were  formerly  celebrated. 

j  EliU)  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Ill,,  is  drained  by  Elm 
Cieek.     Pop.  968. 

;  Elm )  a  township  of  Allen  CO.,  Kansas.  Pop.  304.  Post- 
pfice,  Jonestown. 

I  EliU)  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  at  Elmwood,  a 
tu.mlet  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad, 
■16  miles  W,  of  Detroit.  Here  is  a  cheese-factory. 
I  Elni)  Montgomery  co..  Pa.  See  General  Wayne. 
I  El'ma)  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Howard  co., 
Iowa,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  New  Hampton.  It  has 
14  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  Ac.    P.  about  1000. 

I  Elma,  a  post- village  in  Elma  township,  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
joii  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  13  miles 
jS.B.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  several  churches.  The  township 
jhas  10  churches,  andmanufactures  of  chairs,  lumber,  vinegar, 
and  flour.     Pop.  of  village,  165  ;  of  township,  2163. 

Elma)  a  post-village  of  Chehalis  co.,Washington,  about 

II  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Montesano.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  graded  school,  saw-mills,  &c. 
Pop,  in  1890,  345, 

Elma  Centre)  a  post-office  of  Erie  oo,,  N.Y. 
j    El  Mansoora)  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Mansookah. 

El  Mansoria)  51  m8,n-so're-4,  a  small  maritime  town 
pf  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Fidallah. 
I    El  Masarah)  il  rnk'sh-rk,  a  village  of  Egypt,  10  miles 
S.  of  Cairo,  opposite  the  site  of  ancient   Memphis,  with 
'ancient  quarries,  to  which  a  railway  has  been  constructed. 

El  Masr)  a  city  of  Egypt.     See  Cairo. 

El'may)  a  post-oflSce  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 
i  Elm  Creek)  Illinois,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters 
(the  Little  Wabash  River  in  Wayne  co.,  about  9  miles  E.  of 
{Fairfield.  It  is  nearly  40  miles  long. 
I  Elm  Creek)  Minnesota,  rises  in  Jackson  co.,  runs 
jeastward  through  Martin  oo.,  and  enters  the  Blue  Earth 
jRiver  at  or  near  Winnebago. 

j  Elm  Creek)  Texas,  drains  parts  of  Dawson  and  Mav- 
ariok  cos.,  runs  S.E.,  and  enters  Nueces  River  in  Dimmit  co. 

Elm  Creek)  Ellsworth  oo.,  Kansas.  See  Alum  Creek. 
I    Elm  Creek)  a  post-township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  7 

files  N.  by  E.  of  Blue  Rapids.     It  has  a  church.     Pop,  256. 
Elm  Creek)  a  township  of  Morris  oo.,  Kansas.     P,  523. 
^    Elm  Creek)  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.   P.  410. 
Elm  Creek)  a  township  of  Saline  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop. 
M>7.     It  c  intains  New  Cambria. 


Elm  Creek)  a  post- village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb,,  15 
miles  by  rail  W,  by  N.  of  Kearney.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  graded  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  357. 

Elm  Creek^or  Troy)  a  hamlet  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store.  Here 
is  Troy  Post-Office. 

Elm'dale)  a  post- village  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
by  rail  W,  of  Strong  City,  and  about  9  miles  by  rail  W,  by 
N.  of  Cottonwood  Falls.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Elm  Dale)  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrison  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Two  Rivers  township,  8  miles  W,  of  Bellevue  Station,  It 
has  1  or  2  churches, 

Elm'dale)  a  hamlet  of  Scituate  township,  Providence 
CO,,  R.I.     Pop,  41, 

£1  Mebarrez  (or  Mubarrez),  i\  m^b-ar'riz,  a  town 
of  Arabia,  province  and  33  miles  S,  of  Lahsa.    Pop.  10,000. 
El  Mejdel)  the  Arabic  for  Masdala. 
Elmekheir)  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Berber. 
El'mer)  a  post-village  of  Sanilao  co.,  Mich,,  5  miles  W. 
of  Sanilao  Centre.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- factory 
Pop.  about  100. 

Elmer)  formerly  Pitts'towU)  a  post-village  '^f  Salem 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Pittsgrove  township,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  17  miles  £.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  glass,  shoes,  and  spindles.  Pop.  about  1000. 
El  Mesheriff)  a  town  of  Africa.  See  Berber. 
El  Metemneh)  51  m5-t5m'n§h,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on 
the  Nile,  nearly  opposite  Shendy. 

El  Mezareeb,  m5z-i-reeb'  (or  Mzarib),  a  town  of 
Syria,  in  the  Haooran,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Safed. 

Elm  Flat)  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co,.  Mo,,  in  Benton 
township,  3  miles  S,  of  Pattonsburg, 

Elm'ford)  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 
Elm  GrovC)  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  HI. 
Elm  Grove)  a  township  of  Tazewell  co,,  111,,  traversed 
by  the  Indiana,  Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad  (Leslie 
Station),     Pop.  1072. 
Elm  Grove)  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.    Pop,  694, 
Elm  Grove,  a  township  of  Labette  co,,  Kansas,    P.  584, 
Elm  Grove)  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co,,  Mass,,  in 
Colerain  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Shelbume  Falls. 
Elm  GrovC)  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Mo,,  is  at  Forbes. 
Elm  Grove)  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co,,  N,C. 
Elm  GrovC)  a  post-omce  of  Pike  co.,  0. 
Elm  Grove)  a  post- village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  in  1890,  594. 

Elm  GrovC)  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  9 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
Catholic  orphanage. 

Elm  Hall)  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Sumner  township,  li  miles  from  Riverdale  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  lumber-  and  grist-mills  on  Pine  River. 

Elm'hnrst,  formerly  Cottage  Hill,  a  post-village 
of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles,  a  publio 
school,  and  a  Lutheran  college  or  seminary.     Pop.  1050. 

Elmbnrst)  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sorantod.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  box-factory.     Pop.  about  1000.     • 

Elmhurst,  afine  southern  suburb  of  Providence,  R.I., 
overlooking  Narragansett  Bay.  Here  is  a  house  of  Ladies 
of  the  Sacred  Heart,  also  a  Catholic  seminary. 

Elmhurst)  a  post-village  of  Langlade  co..  Wis.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Antigo.     It  has  a  church,  a  stave-factory,  Ac. 
£1  Jttilh)  51  mil  or  51  meel  (anc.  Malatha  t   Scriptures, 
Moladah),  a  village  of  Palestine,  18  miles  S.  of  Hebron. 

Elmina,  5l-mee'n&,  or  St.  George  del  Mina  (d51 
mee'ni),  a  fortified  town  of  the  Gold  Coast,  British  West 
Africa.  Lat.  5°  4'  45"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  20'  30"  W.  The  town 
is  irregular,  ill  built,  and  dirty.  It  stands  between  the  sea 
and  an  inlet  called  Baya,  across  which  lies  the  pleasant 
suburb  of  Garden  Town.     Pop.  18,000. 

El'mington)  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottes- 
ville.    It  has  a  church. 

Elmi'ra)  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cal- 
ifornia Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Elmira)  a  post-village  of  Stark  oo.,  HI,,  in  Elmira 
township,  7  miles  N,N.E.  of  Toulon.  The  township  ha*  6 
ohurches  and  a  pop.  of  1108. 

Elmira)  a  post-offioe  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
Elmira)  a  post-hamlet  on  or  near  the  line  between  An- 


ELM 


1118 


ELO 


trim  and  Otsego  cos.,  Mioh.,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  & 
Indiana  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Petoskey. 

Elmira,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  1008. 

Elmira,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y., 
and  the  largest  town  on  the  Erie  Railroad  between  Pater- 
son  and  Buffalo,  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Chemung 
River,  in  a  wide  and  fertile  valley,  at  the  mouth  of  New- 
town Creek.  By  railroad  it  is  274  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 
York,  149  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  46  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Ithaca,  and  78  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  is  on 
the  Erie  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  26  churches,  a  high 
Bchool,  the  Elmira  Free  Academy,  4  banks  (2  of  which  are 
national),  a  State  Reformatory,  a  Catholic  academy,  and 
the  Elmira  Female  College,  which  has  an  endowment  of 
$100,000  and  a  library  of  3000  volumes.     Three  daily  and 

5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Elmira  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  railroad-iron,  iron  castings,  rail- 
road-cars, farming-implements,  iron  bridges,  boilers  and 
engines,  ploughs,  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  carriages, 
edge-tools,  flour,  Ac.  Here  are  several  machine-shops  and 
tanneries,  a  manufactory  of  steam  fire-engines,  and  large 
workshops  of  the  Erie  Railroad  and  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road. The  town  is  supplied  with  water  which  is  stored  in 
a  large  reservoir  and  distributed  in  pipes.  Elmira  was  in- 
corporated in  1865,  and  is  divided  into  7  wards.  Pop.  in 
1880,  20,541 ;  in  1890,  30,893. 

£lmira,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  C,  8  miles  (direct) 
W.  by  N.  of  Wauseon.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Elmi'ra,  or  West  Wool'wich,  a  post-village  in 
Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  contains 
an  iron-foundry  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Elm  Lake,  a  station  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green 
Bay,  Winona  <k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

£lm  Motty  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex. 

EKmO)  a  post- village  of  Nodaway  oo.,  Mo.,  19  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Maryville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Elmo,  a  post-village  of  Grant  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Smelser 
township,  on  the  Galena  &,  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad. 

Elmo,  a  post-village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 

6  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a  church, 
a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

El  Monte,  £1  mon't^,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Los 
Angeles.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  The  name 
of  its  station  is  Monte.    Pop.  of  El  Monte  township,  1264. 

£1  Mookheiref,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Berbbr. 

El'more,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  652  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  and  S.  by  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Coosa  River.  These  streams  unite  on  the  southern  bor- 
der of  the  county  and  form  the  Alabama  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  extends  to  We- 
tumpka,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,477;  in  1880, 
17,502 ;  in  1890,  21,732. 

Elmore,  apost-hamlet  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Montgomery. 
Here  are  large  forests  of  yellow  pine  and  several  saw-mills. 

Elmore,  a  post- village  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in  Millbrook 
township,  on  Spoon  River,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Elmore,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  White  River.     Pop.  1968. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  57  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  488. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  the  Portage 
River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo,  and  13  miles  N.W.  of  Fre- 
mont. It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  1131. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  in  Elmore  township,  Lamoille 
00.,  Vt.,  22  miles  N.  of  Montpelier,  and  3  miles  from  Wolcott. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  637. 

Elmore,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 

Elmore's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Esopus  township,  2i  miles  from  Hyde  Park. 

El  Mo'ro,  a  post-village  of  Las  Animas  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Purgatory  River,  5  miles  below  Trinidad,  and  206  miles  S. 
of  Denver.     It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Trinidad  Branch 


of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  It  has  several  for 
warding-houses,  3  churches,  public  schools,  and  manufac 
tures  of  coke.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  355. 

£1  Mosul,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Mosul. 

El'mot,  a  post-hamlet  and  landing  of  Mississippi  ctc., 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  6  miles  from  Osceola.  It 
has  several  general  stores. 

Elm  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  co..  111.,  about  22  mi  e.' 
W.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  14  dwellings. 

Elm  Prairie,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  oo  ,  Wis.    P.  84i 

Elms'dale,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scoti*i. 
near  the  confluence  of  Nine  Mile  River  with  the  Shuben; 
cadie,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Elmshorn,  ilms'hoRn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holsteit 
at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gliickstadt.  It  ha 
an  active  trade  and  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  4831. 

Elm  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ark. 
65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pierce  City,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Elmstein,  film'stine,  or  Appenthal,  ip'p§n-ta,l,  a  vil. 
lage  of  Germany,  Bavaria,  8  miles  W.  of  Neustadt.     P.  1940. 

Elm  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Ark.,  on 
Eleven  Point  River,  35  miles  N.W.  of  O'Kean  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Elms'ville,  or  Saint  Paul's,  a  post- village  in  Pictou 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  East  Branch  of  East  River,  20  mile; 
S.E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  120. 

Elm  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Weakley  oo.,  Tenn. 

£1  Mubarrez,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  El  Mebarrez 

Elmunchilly,  irmun-chil'lee,  a  village  of  India,  ir 
Madras,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Vizagapatam. 

Elm'vale,  a  post- village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  20  mile' 
N.N.W.  of  Barrie,     Pop.  150. 

Elm'ville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky. 

Elmville,  a  village  of  Cranston  township,  Providenct 
CO.,  R.I.,  i  mile  from  Auburn  Junction.  It  has  dye-works 
Pop.  150. 

Elm'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Ark.,  75  milef 
N.N.E.  of  Clarksville. 

Elmwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in 
West  Hartford  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  4 
Fishkill  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Hartford  and 
New  Haven,  4  miles  S.W.  of  the  former.  It  has  a  chapel 
and  a  manufactory  of  flower-pots  and  drain-tiles. 

Elmwood,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in  Elm- 
wood  township,  on  the  Galesburg  <t  Peoria  Branch,  where 
it  crosses  the  BudaA  Rushville  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington A  Quincy  Railroad,  163  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  canning-factory,  a  cream- 
ery, a  cigar-factory,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  and 
paper.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1548. 

Elmwood,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Montioello. 

Elmwood,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Elmwood,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
East  Bridgewater  township,  1  mile  from  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  and  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  manufactories  of  shoes. 

Elmwood,  a  township  of  Leelanaw  oo.,  Mich.    P.  734. 

Elmwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Cass  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Caro. 

Elmwood,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.    Sec  Elm. 

Elmwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  in  Elm- 
wood township,  12  miles  S.  of  Waverly,  and  9  miles  N.  of 
Brownsville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  2450. 

Elmwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  Weeping 
Water  Creek,  about  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Elmwood,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Elmwood,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  8  miles 
N.  of  Edgefield  Court-House. 

Elmwood  Place,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  C, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  5  churches,  a  pub- 
lic school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  wire-fence  factory. 

Einbogen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Elbogen. 

Elne,  lln  (anc.  IlUheris ;  afterwards  Helena),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  on  the  Tech,  8  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Perpignan.  Pop.  2463.  Illiberis  was  the  place 
where  Hannibal  first  encamped  after  passing  the  Pyrenees  : 
having  been  rebuilt  by  Constantine,  it  received  the  nam* 
of  his  mother  Helena. 

E'lo,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis. 

£1  Obeid,  a  town  of  Kordofan,  Africa.     See  Obeid. 

Elo'bey,  a  group  of  islets  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  N.  w 
the  mouth  of  the  Gaboon.  They  are  claimed  by  Spain ;  buJ 
the  native  chiefs  have  acknowledged  French  sovereigntT. 


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E'loii,  a  po8t-ofl5oe  of  Ashley  oo.,  Ark. 
EIou,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 
Elon,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 
El  Oos,  or  ElusC)  4l-oo8',  an  island  and  town  in  the 
Euphrates,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hit,  with 
600  houses  and  some  mosques. 

Elora,  EUora,  51-lo'ri,  or  Eloarou,  4l-oo'roo,  a  vil- 
lage of  India,  in  lat.  20°  5'  N.,  Ion.  75°  16'  E.,  about  1  mile 
E.  of  which  are  some  remarkable  cave-temples  excavated 
in  the  hill. 
Elor'a^  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa. 
Elora^  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Winchester  <fc  Alabama  Railroad. 

Elo'ra,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Grand  and  Irvine  Rivers,  14  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Guelph.  It  has  a  branch  bank,  several  churches 
and  hotels,  grist-  and  planing-mills,  distilleries,  a  brewery, 
an  extensive  foundry,  a  brick-field,  woollen-,  chair-,  sash-, 
door-,  and  barrel-factories,  and  a  large  trade  in  cattle,  grain, 
Ac.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  P.  1498. 
ElorU)  a  river  of  France.  See  Landbrneau. 
Elorrio,  4-loB'Re-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Bilbao.     Pop.  1215. 

El-Onad,  81-oo'id',  or  El-Oned,  il-oo'4d',  a  village 
of  the  Algerian  Sahara,  in  a  district  called  Ouaid  (Wady) 
Houf.  119  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Biskara.     Pop.  7700. 
Elouron^  a  town  of  India.    See  Elora. 
El  Paso,  41  pi'so,  a  scattered  village  of  the  Canaries, 
in  the  island  of  Palma.     Pop.  2934. 

£1  Paso,  21  pah'so,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
(Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  2660  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  several  small  affluents  of  the  Arkansas  River, 
>  me  of  which  is  called  Fontaine  qui  bouille  (Fountain  Creek). 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  grand  mountain-scenery,  the 
nost  prominent  object  in  which  is  Pike's  Peak.  The  soil 
)f  the  valleys  and  plains  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat, 
)srley,  and  good  pasture.  Gold  has  been  found  in  this 
xranty;  also  coal  or  lignite.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Den- 
rer  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad  and  four  other  railroads,  all 
sentring  at  Colorado  Springs,  the  capital.  Manitou,  a 
iiummer  resort,  which  attracts  many  visitors,  is  in  this 
.jonnty.  Pop.  in  1870,  987 ;  in  1880,  7949 ;  in  1890,  21,239. 
El  Paso,  a  large  county  forming  the  W.  extremity  of 
lexas,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  which 
ieparates  it  from  Mexico.  Area,  9750  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous;  the  soil  is  uncultivated, 
'dretaoeous  rocks  underlie  part  of  the  county,  which  also 
oontains  granite.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  South- 
>»m  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  El  Paso.  Pop.  in  1870, 
.J«71;  in  1880,  3846;  in  1890,  16,678. 

El  Paso,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  Ark.,  about  32 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

El  Paso,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  Fountain 
Creek,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  about  25 
miles  N.  of  Pueblo. 

El  Paso,  a  city  of  Woodford  oo.,  111.,  in  El  Paso  town- 
ship, on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  where  it  crosses  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Bloom- 
ington,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  bank,  9  churches, 
ueveral  grain-elevators,  and  manufactures  of  farming-im- 
plements, carriages,  Ac.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
nere.  Pop.  in  1890,  1353 ;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of 
the  city,  705. 

El  Paso,  a  village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  13  miles  below  Wichita.  Pop.  about  100. 
El  Paso,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. 
El  Paso,  a  city,  capital  of  El  Paso  co.,  Tex.,  is  on  the 
Rio  Grande,  196  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Marfa.  It  has  7 
churches,  4  banks,  6  newspaper  offices,  and  public  schools. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,338. 

El  Paso,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  in  El  Paso 
township,  on  Rusn  River,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ellsworth,  and 
25  miles  E.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  church.     Pop.  about  150  ;  of  the  township,  535. 

El  Paso  del  Norte,  Jl  pi'so  di\  noR'w.,  better  known 
u  El  Paso,  a  settlement,  or  more  properly  a  line  of  set- 
tlements, embracing  a  population  of  about  5000,  situated 
in  a  rich  but  narrow  valley  which  extends  9  or  10  miles 
along  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  Mexican 
state  of  Chihuahua,  350  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Santa  F§.  The 
grape  is  extensively  cultivated  in  this  locality,  and  con- 
siderable quantities  of  a  weak  but  well-flavored  wine  and 
brandy  (known  to  traders  as  Pass  wine  and  Pass  brandy)  are 
made.  The  houses  are  built  of  adobes,  or  sun-dried  bricks, 
and  are  chiefly  of  one  story,  with  earthen  floors.  Though 
supplied  with  abundance,  the  inhabitants  are  deficient  in 
the  commonest  appliances  of  civilized  life :  glazed  windows. 


chairs,  tables,  knives  and  forks,  and  other  conveniences  are 
unknown  even  to  the  rich.  Few  of  the  people  are  pure 
white,  being  nearly  all  more  or  less  tinged  with  Indian 
blood.  That  portion  of  the  settlement  at  the  northern  part 
of  the  valley,  where  the  plaza,  the  parish  church,  and  the 
dwellings  of  the  principal  inhabitants  are  located,  may  be 
considered  as  the  town  of  El  Paso.  It  is  in  lat.  31°  42'  N., 
Ion.  106°  40'  W.,  1420  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  following  the  course  of  the  stream.  El  Paso  is  the 
chief  thoroughfare  between  New  Mexico  and  Chihuahua 
and  the  other  Mexican  states  farther  S.,  the  Rio  Grande 
being  fordable  near  the  town  a  great  portion  of  the  year. 
The  name,  signifying  "  the  passage,"  is  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  passage  of  the  river  through  a  gorge  or  ga|» 
in  the  mountain,  just  above  the  town. 

El  Pedemoso,  fil  pi-D^R-no'so,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1487. 

El  Pe&on,  41  p4n-y5n',  a  fortified  height,  8i  miles  from 
the  city  of  Mexico,  commanding  the  entrance  from  the  E. 

El  Perello,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Llers. 

Elphin,  ePfeen',  a  town  and  former  Anglican  bishop's 
see  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Roscommon,  17i  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Longford.  Its  cathedral  is  a  small,  plain  church,  with  an 
ancient  tower ;  the  episcopal  palace  and  deanery  are  sub- 
stantial structures.  The  Catholic  bishop's  see  of  Elphin 
still  subsists,  but  its  cathedral  is  at  Sligo.     Pop.  1051. 

El'pis,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Vienna  town- 
ship, 4  miles  from  Camden.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

El  Prat  de  Llobregat,  fil  pr&t  di  lo-bri-git',  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bar- 
celona, near  the  Llobregat.     Pop.  1895. 

El  Pneblo,  i\  pwlb'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  150  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col.  It 
has  a  church. 

El  Rass,  a  town  of  Nedjed,  in  the  Wahabee  kingdom, 
Arabia,  225  miles  E.N.E.  of  Medina.     Pop.  18,000. 

El  Re'no,  fi.  post-village,  capital  of  Canadian  co., 
Oklahoma,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Union  City,  and  38  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Guthrie.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  flour- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  harness,  carriages,  &o.  One  daily 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  285. 

Elrich,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Ellrich. 

El  Rito,  61  ree'to,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  oo.. 
New  Mexico,  116  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Garland,  Col.  It 
has  a  church. 

El'rod,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Milan.     It  has  a  church. 

El  Rosario,  41  ro-s&'re-o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Cinaloa,  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mazatlan,  important  as  a  depot 
for  the  trade  between  Mazatlan  and  the  interior. 

EProy',  a  post-village  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  74  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Madison,  and  34  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  newspaper  offices,  3 
cheese-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  1413. 

El  Rubio,  41  roo'be-o,  or  Puebia  del  Rnbio, 
pwSb'li  d4l  roo'be-o,  a  village  in  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  and  about  55  miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1463. 

Elsa,  4l'8i,  a  river  of  Tuscany,  joins  the  Arno  3i  miles 
W.  of  Empoli,  after  a  N.  W.  course  of  30  miles. 

El'sah,  a  post- village  of  Jersey  co..  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  flour-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  271. 

Elsass,  a  country  of  Germany.    See  Alsacb. 

Els'berry,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  59  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  16  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of 
Troy.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
district  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  390. 

Els'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morpeth.     Pop.  1432. 

El  Seewah  (or  Siwah),  41  8ee'w&%  an  oasis  in  the 
Libyan  Desert.  Capital,  Seewah-el-Kebeer,  310  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cairo,  built  of  rock  salt.  Lat.  29°  N. ;  Ion.  26° 
E.  It  has  several  salt  lakes.  Near  by  is  the  village  of 
Aghanny  or  Gharmy,  with  ruins  of  the  temple  of  Jupiter 
Ammon. 

Elsene,  the  Flemish  name  of  Ixelles. 

Elsfleth,  4l8'fl&t,  a  town  of  Oldenburg,  on  the  Weser, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Hunte,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen.  Pop 
2299,  employed  in  ship-building. 

El  Sham,  the  Arabic  for  Stria  and  Dauasctts. 

El'sie,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Corunna.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  cheese-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  396. 

Elsinore,  4r8in-5r',  or  Elsinenr,  4rsin-ar'  (Dan. 
Helsingor  h4l^sing-g5'9r),  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of 
Seeland,  at  the  narrowest  part  of  the  Sound,  here  only  2^ 
miles  broad,  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Copenhagen,  to  whioh  a 


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railway  extends.  Lat.  66°  2'  12"  N.j  Ion.  12°  37'  30"  B. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  classical  school,  and  a  custom-house. 
Its  inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  commerce  and  sea- 
faring, and  considerable  traffic  is  carried  on  with  Helsing- 
borg  on  the  coast  of  Sweden.  Elsinore  is  defended  by  the 
castle  of  Kronborg,  which  stands  on  a  projecting  spit  of 
land  and  commands  the  Sound.  It  is  a  Gothic-Byzantine 
edifice,  built  in  1574-84.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  113  feet 
high.  In  the  vicinity  of  Kronborg  is  the  royal  country 
palace  of  Marienlyst.  Elsinore  is  the  assumed  scene  of 
Shakspeare's  tragedy  of  Hamlet,  and  is  the  point  where  for 
many  years  the  Sound  dues  were  collected.     Pop.  8891. 

JBlsinore*  ePsi-nor',  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  about  30  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  terra-cotta  and  sewer-pipe.     Pop.  500. 

Elsinore^  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  8  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Richfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

£l'son  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  is  one  of  the  Gambler 
Islands. 

Elson's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  Alaska, 
immediately  E.  of  Point  Barrow.   Lat.  71°  N. ;  Ion.  156°  W. 

Elster,  Sl'st^r,  or  White  Elster  (Ger.  Weiss  Elater, 
♦ice  41'st§r),  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  near  Asch,  in  Voigt- 
land,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Saale  3  miles  S.  of  Halle 
(Prussia).     Length,  110  miles.     Chief  affluent,  the  Pleisse. 

Elster,  or  Black  Elster  (Ger.  Schwartz  Elster, 
sh^aRts  81'st§r),  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  2  miles  S.  of 
Elster  (Saxony),  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Elbe  8  miles  E. 
of  Wittemberg( Prussia).  Length,  105  miles.  Chief  affluent, 
the  Roder,  on  the  left. 

Elster,  a  village  of  Saxony,  on  the  Little  Elster,  with 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  1248, 

Elsterberg,  Sl'st^r-bfiRO^  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Greitz,  on  the  White  Elster.  Pop.  3465, 
employed  in  woollen-  and  cotton-weaving. 

Elsterwerda,  il'st^r-^^RMi,  a  town  9f  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Black  Elster. 
Pop.  1739. 

Els'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about  2  miles 
S.  of  La  Fayette. 

Elston,  a  post-village  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Coal  and  lead  are  found  here. 

El 'stow,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Bedford.  John  Bunyan,  author  of  "The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress," was  born  here  in  1628.     Pop.  605. 

Elstra,  ils'tri,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Black  Elster, 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1278. 

El 'stun,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati A  Eastern  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Batavia. 

Elten,  firt§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  Dutch  fron- 
tier, at  a  railway  junction,  6  miles  N.  of  Cleves.    Pop.  1935. 

Elterlein,  il't^r-line^,  a  mining  town  of  Saxony,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  2253. 

Elt'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  7  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  London.  It  was  a  residence  of  the  Plantage- 
net  and  Tudor  monarchs.  The  palace  and  parks  were  de- 
stroyed during  the  Commonwealth.     Pop.  of  parish,  4559. 

El  Tiemblo,  il  te-im'blo,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Avila,  on  the  Alberche  River.     Pop.  1373. 

Elt'iugville,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Edge  water. 

Eltmann,  Slt'm&n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1504. 

Elton,  irton'  (t.e.,  "golden  lake"),  a  salt  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, 70  miles  E.  of  the  Volga,  government  and  160  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Saratov.  Area,  130  square  miles.  It  receives 
several  rivers.  Upwards  of  100,000  tons  of  salt  are  ob- 
tained annually  from  its  waters. 

El'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Geneva. 

Elton,  a  post-borough  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Machias.  It  has  2  churches,  a  district 
school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
100. 

Elton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Langlade  co.,  Wis.,  12  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Antigo,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Eltsch,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Jolsva. 

Eltville,  a  town  of  Western  Germany.     See  Elfeld. 

El  Tyh,  Desert  of.    See  Sinai. 

El  Tyh,  Wady,  Egypt.    See  Wady  el  Tth. 

Eltz,  dlts,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  joins  the 
Rhine  20  miles  S.  of  Strasburg,  after  a  tortuous  course  of 
33  miles  past  Waldkirch  and  Kenzingen. 

Elnsa,  the  ancient  name  of  Eacze. 

Eluse   a  town  of  Turkey.    See  El  Cos. 


Elva,  il'v&  (L.  Hel'va),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  1048. 

El'va,  a  post-office  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich. 

Elvan  (el' wan)  Water,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Clyde, 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  noted  for  its  former  gold-washings. 

Elvas,  fil'vls  (Sp.  Helves,  fil'vfis,  or  Yelves,  ySl'vfis),  a 
frontier  city  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  12  miles  W.  of  Bada- 
jos,  on  the  Guadiana.  It  stands  on  a  hill,  on  which  are  the 
fortresses  of  Santa  Lucia  and  Lippe.  Its  streets  are  lined 
with  venerable  Moorish  buildings.  Chief  edifices,  the 
cathedral,  several  churches  and  convents,  the  arsenal,  bar- 
racks, a  theatre,  college,  seminary,  public  hospital,  prison, 
and  a  remarkable  tower.  A  Moorish  aqueduct  supplies 
the  city  with  water.  It  has  manufactures  of  arms  and 
jewelry,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  9637. 

El'vaston,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  on  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad  and  the  Keokuk  Branch 
of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Keokuk,  and  8  miles 
W.  of  Carthage.     It  has  3  churches. 

Elve,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Elbe. 

Elven,  drv&No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  lO 
miles  N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  766;  of  commune,  3397. 

EI'vers,  a  posfr-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

Elvi'ra,  a  post-township  of  Johnson  co.,  HI.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1268. 

Elvira,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Centre 
township,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2 
churches. 

El  Viso,  il  vee'so,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  40  miles  N.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3166. 

El'well,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Alma,  and  44  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Sagi- 
naw.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  15U. 

Elwell,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

£1  win,  a  post- village  of  Macon  co..  111.,  6  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches,  <fco.     Pop.  about  100. 

El'wood,  a  post-village  of  Will  co..  111.,  45  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Joliet.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  several  factories. 

Elwood,  formerly  Quincy,  a  post-village  of  Madison 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Duck  Creek,  14  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  An» 
derson.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  graded  schools,  plate- 
glass  works,  lamp-chimney  works,  3  brick-yards,  2  planing- 
mills,  and  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  2284, 

Elwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  48  mile* 
by  rail  E.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Elwood,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Elwood,  a  post-village  of  Gosper  co.,  Neb.,  28  mile* 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Holdrege,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Ho- 
merville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  373. 

Elwood,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  36  mile* 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  3  churches,  a  manufactory 
of  shoes,  and  a  paper-mill. 

Elwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hun- 
tington township,  2i  miles  from  Centreport  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

Elwood,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.     See  Ellwood. 

Elwood,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex. 

El'wy,  a  river  of  North  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  falls 
into  the  Clwyd  at  St.  Asaph. 

Elwy,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  joins 
the  Severn  at  Penarth. 

Elxas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Eljas. 

E'ly,  a  city  and  episcopal  see  of  England,  in  the  Isle 
of  Ely,  CO.  of  Cambridge,  on  the  Ouse,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cambridge,  at  a  railway  junction,  72  miles  N.E,  of  London. 
The  houses  are  mostly  ancient.  The  cathedral  exhibits  a 
singular  yet  imposing  combination  of  the  Saxon,  Norman, 
and  Gothic  styles.  It  is  536  feet  in  length  by  190  feet  in 
the  transept,  and  has  an  elegant  octagonal  central  tower 
and  many  interesting  monuments.  It  has  been  lately  reno- 
vated at  great  cost.  Trinity  church,  founded  in  1321,  is  » 
beautiful  structure.  The  bishop's  palace  is  neatly  built. 
Here  are  also  a  grammar-school,  founded  by  Henry  VIIL, 
an  endowed  charity  school,  several  oil-mills,  and  manufa<3- 
tures  of  earthenware  and  tobacco-pipes.  Ely  is  governed 
by  a  custos-rotulorum.  Its  bishopric  was  founded  in  1107. 
The  Abbey  of  Ely,  on  which  the  bishopric  was  founded, 
was  established  by  Saint  Etheldreda,  daughter  of  a  Saxon 
king,  A.D.  673.  It  was  destroyed  by  the  Danes  about  toe 
year  870.  The  city  and  island  owe  their  name  to  the  num- 
ber of  eels  which  abound  here.  Pop.  8017.  See  Isle  of  Elt. 
Ely,  a  beautiful  demesne  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Fermanagh,  comprising  several  wooded  islets  about  the  head 
of  Lower  Lough  Erne,  4  miles  N.  of  Enniskillen. 


ELY 


1121 


EME 


Ely,  a  hamlet  of  Indiana.     See  Eby. 

E'ly,  a  poBt-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Putnam  town- 
bip,  on  the  Barlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad, 

miles  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ely,  a  township  of  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  4670. 
I  Ely,  Marion  co.,  Mo.     See  Ely  Statiok. 

Ely,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Vershire  town- 
ibip,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches, 
.  graded  school,  and  several  furnaces  for  smelting  copper, 
/bich  is  mined  here.  The  annual  product  of  this  mine  is 
Ibout  2,000,000  pounds  of  metal.  Ely  Station  is  on  the 
j*assumpsic  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  White  River  Junction. 

Elyria,  e-Ur'e-a,  a  beautiful  village,  the  capital  of  Lo- 
jain  CO.,  0.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  East 
nd  West  Branches  of  Black  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Lake 
Irie,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  8  miles  N.N.E. 
f  Oberlin.  It  is  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  South- 
rn  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sandusky  and  Nor- 
'alk  divisions,  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  &  Tuscara- 
was Valley  Railroad.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  national 
ank,  a  savings-  and  deposit-bank,  and  printing-oflBces  which 
96ue  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  manufactures  of 
jrindstones,  Ac.  The  river  falls  about  40  feet  at  this  place, 
^cp.  in  1890,  5611;  of  Elyria  township,  6419. 

Ely's,  e'liz,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
francisoo  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of 
ponahue. 

I  E'lysbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
D  Shamokin  township,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It 
.as  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  and  3  or  4  general  stores. 
I  Elysian,  e-lizh'yan,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
fl  nn.,  on  a  small  lake,  21  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Man- 
date. It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
i4};  of  the  township,  1004. 

j  Glysian  Fields,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex., 
Jb  )Ut  16  miles  S.E.  of  Marshall.     It  has  3  churches. 
j   G'ly  Station,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co., 

f( .,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
Hannibal.     It  has  3  churches. 

I  Glysville,  a  village  of  Maryland.     See  Alberton. 
E'lyton,  a  post-village  of  JefiFerson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 

(.liibama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  near  the  South  &  North 
^liibama  Railroad,  about  3  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham,  and 
|0(i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Montgomery.    It  has  2  churches  and 

I I  igh  school.     Pop.  about  600. 

I  JSIz,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Eltz. 

IBlza,  fil'zl,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  joins  the  Amo 
(eitr  Empoli,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  35  miles. 
I  IBlze,  Slt's^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9  miles 
I^.S.W.  of  Hildesheim,  near  the  Saale.     Pop.  2660. 
I  lllmadoo,  i-mi-doo',  a  town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of 

arriba,  18  miles  N.  of  Jenne.  Lat.  7°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  E. 
j  lllman'uel,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
Ian  an  area  of  about  1028  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
h(!  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Irmt  Ohoopee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
jxtensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy 
ind  not  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
he  staple  products.  The  Millen  <fc  Southern  Railroad  trav- 
rses  the  county.  Capital,  Swainsborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
|134;  in  1880,  9759;  in  1890,  14,703. 

Em'aus,  or  Em'maus,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co., 
pa.,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  and  Perkiomen  Railroads,  6 
jiles  S.S.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  4  churches,  3  public 
.alls,  2  hotels,  an  iron-furnace,  and  3  cigar-factories.  Pop. 
i8S.  Emaus  Jcnction,  on  the  above  roads,  is  li  miles  N. 
f  Emaus  Station,  and  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  on 

hich  road  it  is  called  East  Penn  Junction. 

Emaus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
.W.  of  Liberty.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Emba,  Sm'bi,  Jem,  or  Djem,  j5m,  a  river  of  Asia,  in 
le  Russian  government  of  Ooralsk  and  the  Kirgheez  Ter- 
Story,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Emba  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
he  Caspian  Sea.  Length,  about  250  miles. 
I  EmDach,  Sm'biK  (Gross,  grSce,  and  Klein,  kline,  i.e., 
I  Great"  and  "  Little"),  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  first 
ailed  Klein  Embach,  enters  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Virt- 
prv,  issues  from  the  N.  extremity  of  the  same  lake,  takes 
be  name  of  Gross  Embach,  flows  E.  past  Dorpat,  and  enters 
he  S.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Peipus.  Total  length,  40  miles. 
!  Embar'ras,  a  township  of  Edgar  oo..  111.  Pop.  1280. 
|t  contains  Isabel. 

i  Embarras,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Jmbarras  River,  in  Matteson  township,  22  miles  N.  of  New 
(-ondon.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  a 

agon-shop. 

Embarras   River,  Illinois,  rises  in   Champaign  or 


Douglas  CO.,  and  runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  CoIm 
and  Cumberland  to  Newton  in  Jasper  oo.  Below  this 
point  it  flows  southeastward,  intersects  Lawrence  co.,  and 
enters  the  Wabash  River  about  7  miles  below  Vincennes. 
It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Embarras  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  by  several  branches, 
which  unite  in  Shawano  co.  It  runs  southeastward  and 
southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Waupaca  and  Outagamie, 
and  enters  the  Wolf  River  at  New  London.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Embden,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Ehdek. 

Emb'den,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about 
45  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ken 
nebec  River.     Pop.  803. 

Embden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me. 

Em'bey,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo. 

Embomma,  dm-bom'm&,  called  also  Boma,  b5'm&,  a 
town  of  Africa,  in  Angoy,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Congo 
River,  60  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  several  European 
trading-factories. 

Embotetin,  a  river  of  Brazil,    See  Mondego. 

Em'breeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches. 

Em'bro,  or  Palm'erston  Depot,  a  village  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Thames,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Beach- 
ville,  and  98  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  several 
stores,  two  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  flax-mill,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, a  cheese-factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  484. 

Embrun,  Sm'brun  (Fr.  pron.  OM^brflN*';  anc.  Ebro- 
du'uum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes,  on  the  Du- 
rance, 19  miles  E.  of  Gap.  It  has  a  cathedral,  with  a  lofty 
tower.  Under  the  Romans  Embrun  was  a  military  post,  and 
its  archbishop's  see,  suppressed  at  the  revolution,  is  said 
to  have  dated  from  the  time  of  Constantine.     Pop.  3287. 

Em'brun,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Castor,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Embudo,  5m-boo'do,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co.. 
New  Mexico,  19  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Espanola,  and  50  miles 
N.  of  Santa  F6.     It  has  2  churches. 

Emden,  or  Embden,  Sm'dSn,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Prussia,  province  of  Hanover,  in  East  Friesland,  near  the 
Dollart,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Aurich.  The  town  is  intersected 
by  canals  connected  with  the  harbor,  and  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus. Principal  edifices,  the  council-  and  custom-houses, 
barracks,  exchange,  gymnasium,  and  school  of  naviga- 
tion. The  port  is  shallow,  but  the  roadstead  is  deep  enough 
for  vessels  of  any  size.  Emden  has  ship-building  docks, 
an  arsenal,  museums  of  art  and  natural  history,  and  man- 
ufactures of  linen  fabrics  and  yarn,  hosiery,  hats,  soap, 
starch,  tobacco,  and  sail-cloth,  with  breweries,  distilleries, 
and  tanneries.  It  exports  corn,  butter,  cheese,  spirits,  tal- 
low, honey,  wax,  wool,  and  hides,  and  imports  timber  from 
the  Baltic,  hemp,  and  potash.     Pop.  ^1890)  13,695. 

Em'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  III.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Em'eline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Baldwin  Railroad  Station. 

Emera'do,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D., 
1 6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Emerald,  Illinois.     See  Alton  Junction. 

Em'erald,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  44  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

Emerald,  a  post-township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Mankato.  It  is  drained  by  the  Bins 
Earth  River.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  825. 

Emerald,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  16  miles  S.  of 
Hillsborough. 

Emerald,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.  Pop.  717. 
Emerald  Station  is  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  61  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Toledo.     Post-office  name,  Emmett. 

Emerald,  a  post-township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  303. 

Emerald ,  a  post- village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  2^  mile* 
S.  of  Bath,  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Emerald  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Rook  co..  Wis.,  in 
Bradford  township,  8  miles  E.  by  8.  of  Janesville.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Emerald  Hill,  a  town  adjacent  to  Melbourne,  Aus- 
tralia, which  is  li  miles  N.  It  has  factories,  mills,  and 
ship-yards.     Pop.  17,101.     See  Melboitrne. 

Emerald  Island,  of  the  Red  Sea.    See  Makowar. 

Em'erick,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Neb. 

Em'erickville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 


EME 


1122 


EMM 


Emerina,  Sm^^h-ree'ni,  or  Imerina,  a  district  of  the 
island  of  Madagascar,  and  formerly  an  independent  state. 

£merita  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Mbrida. 

£in'erson,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Bartow  co., 
Ga.,  43  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  6  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Cartersville.  It  has  2  churches,  iron-works,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  781. 

£merson,  a  post-village  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Glenwood.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  404. 

JGmerson,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Quinoy,  111.,  and  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Han- 
nibal.    It  has  a  charch  and  a  plough-factory. 

Emerson,  a  post-village  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  about  33 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ponca,  and  21  miles  by  rail  S.W,  of 
Dakota  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  <fco.     Pop.  400. 

Emerson,  or  Sutton  Junction,  a  post-village  in 
Brome  co.,  Quebec,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal. 

Em'ert's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Em'ery,  a  village  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  24  miles  S.E.  of 
Black  River  Falls.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Emery  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  the  Cumberland 
Mountain,  runs  southward  and  southeastward  through  Mor- 
gan CO.,  and  enters  the  Clinch  River  in  Roane  oo.,  4  or  5 
miles  above  Kingston. 

Emery's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in 
Shapleigh  township,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Springvale.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Emesa,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Homs. 

Em'et,  a  post- village  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  in  Big  Bend 
township,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  35  miles  N.  of  Chippewa 
Falls.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Emfras,  dm^fr&s',  a  considerable  town  of  Abyssinia,  on 
a  hill.     Lat.  12°  12'  38"  N. ;  Ion.  37°  38'  30"  E. 

Em'ig,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  York  &  Colum- 
bia Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  York.     It  ships  much  iron  ore. 

Em'igrant  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  83  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  district  school  and  3  lumber-mills. 

Emigrant  Peak,  Montana,  a  volcanic  and  conical 
mountain  in  Oallatin  co.,  E.  of  Yellowstone  River.  "  Emi- 
grant Peak,"  says  Hayden,  "  the  base  of  which  is  cut  by 
the  Yellowstone  River,  is  10,629  feet  above  tide-water." 

Em'igsville,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  about  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  a  cigar-faetory, 
and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Emilia,  &-meeI'ee-a  (anc.  JEmil'ia),  an  old  division  of 
Italy,  restored  in  1859  as  one  of  the  compartimenti  of  the 
kingdom.  Area,  7926  square  miles.  It  extends  nearly 
across  the  peninsula,  having  Lombardyon  the  N.,  the  Adri- 
atic on  the  N.E.,  Tuscany  on  the  S.,  and  Piedmont  and 
Liguria  on  the  W.  It  comprises  the  provinces  of  Parma, 
Piacenza,  Modena,  Reggio  nell'  Emilia,  Bologna,  Ferrara, 
Forli,  and  Ravenna.     Pop.  2,113,828. 

Emilie,  em'^-le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Bristol  township,  2^  miles  from  Cold  Spring,  and  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Em'inence,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad.     Pop.  1362. 

Eminence,  a  post- village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Adams  township,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  <&c.     PoP;  ^^O. 

Eminence,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  P.  347. 

Eminence,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Riailroad,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Louisville,  and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Frankfort. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  town  hall,  a  seminary,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  Eminence  College;  also  2  hotels,  a 
carriage-factory,  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  2000. 

Eminence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shannon  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Current  River,  about  124  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Eminence,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  manufJEUstory  of  carriages. 

Em'ison,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evans- 
ville  &  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Vincennes. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  general  stores. 

Em'lenton,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  35  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Franklin, 
and  15  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools,  woollen-mills,  an 
oil-refinery,  engine-works,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1140;  in  1890,  1126. 


Em'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  35  miles  N. 
of  Russell.     It  has  2  churches. 

Em'ly,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tipperary.     Pop.  331.     It  haa  ruins  of  a  cathedral. 

Em'ma,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Little 
Wabash  River,  at  Concord. 

Emma,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  354. 

Em'maton,  a  post-hamlet  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  about  .Su 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Stockton. 

Emmaus,  an  ancient  name  of  Amoas. 

Emmaus,  a  borough  of  Pennsylvania.     See  Emaus. 

Em'maville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  3:^  miles 
W.  of  Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Emmen,  Gross,  groce  fim'm§n,  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Bern,  rises  in  the  Bernese  Oberland,  tiows  X., 
and  joins  the  Aar  1^  miles  N.E.  of  Soleure,  after  a  course 
of  45  miles.  Its  valley,  "  the  Emmenthal,"  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  Switzerland. 

Emmen,  Klein,  kline  4m'm§n,  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Lucerne,  rises  near  the  source  of  the  above  river, 
and,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Reuss  li  miles 
N.W.  of  Lucerne. 

Emm  en,  4m'm§n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drentbe, 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  580. 

Emmendingen,  im'm^n-ding^^n,  a  town  of  Baden, 
on  the  Eltz,  and  on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg. 
Pop.  3487.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper  and  cotton. 

Emmerich,  £m'm^h-riK\  or  Emrich,  drn'ris,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  49  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf, 
on  a  railway,  and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine.  It  has  a 
custom-house,  and  manufactures'  of  woollen  stufis,  leather, 
hats,  hosiery,  and  soap.     Pop.  8107. 

Em'merton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  2  churches. 

Emmetsburg.    See  EHHETTSBnRO. 

Em'mett,  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota.  Area,  408  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Des  Moines  River,  and  contains  several  small  lakes. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  por- 
tion of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  another 
railroad.  Capital,  Estherrille.  Pop.  in  1870, 1392 ;  in  1880, 
1550;  in  1890,  4274. 

Emmett,  a  northern  county  of  Michigan,  adjacent  to 
the  Strait  of  Mackinaw.  Area,  438  square  miles.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  its  outline  is 
indented  by  Little  Traverse  Bay.  The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  Ac. ;  the  soil  produces 
oats,  potatoes,  grass,  kc.  It  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital,  Harbor 
Springs.     Pop.  in  1870,  1211 ;  in  1880,  6639 ;  in  1890,  8756. 

Emmett,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Texarkana.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Emmett,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Emmett,  a  post-village  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho,  27  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Bois6  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  sash-  and 
door-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Emmett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of 
Estherville. 

Emmett,  township,  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan.    Pop.  344. 

Emmett,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  911. 

Emmett,  or  Emmet,  a  post-village  of  St  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  in  Emmett  township,  18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Port 
Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks,  wagons,  and  cigars.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1251. 

Emmett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  at  Emerald  Station,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Defiance. 

Emmett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Elk  Point. 

Emmett,  a  township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1248, 
exclusive  of  that  portion  of  the  city  of  Watertown  which 
lies  within  the  township. 

Em'mettsburg,  a  city,  capital  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Spencer, 
and  22  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Estherville.  It  has  6 
churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  8t 
Mary's  Academy,  a  packing-factory,  manufactures  of  bricks, 
mineral  waters,  wagons,  carriages,  and  agricultural  im^gj 
ments.     Pop.  in  1880,  879;  in  1890,  1584. 

Emmettsburg,  Maryland.     See  Emmitsburo. 

Emmettsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Mont 


Jl 


EMM 


1123 


EXC 


Em'mettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind., 
(n  Greene  township.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  67.  . 

Em'mettville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Eminiganoor,  im^me-gft-noor',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict of  Bellary.     Pop.  7326. 

i  Ern'mitsburg,  or  Emmettsburg,  a  post-village 
jof  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Balti- 
jmore,  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.  It  contains 
6  churches,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College  (Catholic),  a  large 
,  seminary  conducted  by  the  sisters  of  charity,  and  2  superior 
hotels.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ma- 
jchinery.     Pop.  in  1880,  847;  in  1890,  844. 

Em'mons,  a  township  of  Davidson  CO.,  N.C.  P.  1298. 
I  Em'monsbnrgf  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Little  Falls.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Em'inorton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Em'ory,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rains  co.,  Tex.,  23 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Mineola.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  353. 

Emory,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Abingdon.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  and  is  the  seat 
of  Emory  and  Henry  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
was  founded  in  1838  and  has  a  library  of  13,580  volumes. 

Emory  CoHege,  Georgia.    See  Oxford. 

Emory  Grove,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  Glen  Morris. 

Emoy,  or  Emouy,  a  town  of  China.    See  Amoy. 

Emperor  William's  Land,  a  tract  of  Greenland,  on 
the  E.  coast,  including  Cape  Bismarck,  the  extreme  N.  point 
(lat.  76°  40'  N. :  Ion.  17°  10'  W.)  reached  in  this  direction. 

Em'peyville,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  CO.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E. 
cf  Camden.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Empfingen,  Smp'fing^en,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hoh- 
eazollern.  near  Haigerloch.     Pop.  1495. 

Em'pire,  a  post-village  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col.,  is  on 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Denver,  and  3 
iiiles  N.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  a  hotel  and  smelting- works, 
(fold  and  silver  are  found  here. 

Empire,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga. 

Empire,  a  post-township  of  McLean  co.,  111.  Pop. 
2325.     It  contains  Le  Roy  and  Empire  Station. 

Empire,  a  hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  in  Hopkins 
tiwnship,  1  mile  from  Qt&\t  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Empire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
ir.  of  Blairsburg  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  cheese- factory. 

Empire,  a  township  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
801.  Post-offices,  Bradley  Springs,  Summit  Springs,  Alum 
Creek,  and  Fort  Barker. 

Empire,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La. 

Empire,  a  post-village  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  in  Empire  township,  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
I'raverse  City,  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  saw-mills. 
Here  are  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  beech,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
lie  township,  596. 

Empire,  Minnesota.    See  Empire  Citt. 

Empire,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks  and  sewer-pipes.     Pop.  441. 

Empire,  a  post-ofBce  of  Wayne  co.,  W.Va. 

Empire,  a  township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis. 

Empire  City,  a  post-town  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  is 
situated  on  a  hill  6  miles  W.  of  Joplin,  Mo.  It  has  2 
ohurches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  mines  of  lead  and 
cnc.     Pop.  in  1890,  923. 

Empire  City,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Empire  township,  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad,  at 
Auburn  Station,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  482. 

Empire  City,  a  post-village  of  Ormsby  co.,  Nev.,  on 
the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Carson 
City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  327. 

Empire  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coos  oo.,  Ore- 
gon, is  on  Coos  Bay,  about  130  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem.  It 
has  a  church,  a  town  school,  and  a  saw-mill.  Coal  or  lig- 
nite is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  352. 

Empire  Iron- Works,  a  hamlet  of  'Trigg  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Eddyville. 
Here  are  2  blast-furnaces  for  pig-iron,  and  a  rolling-mill 
which  manufactures  boiler-plate  of  superior  quality. 

Empire  Mines,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Piedmont,  and 
J  14  mile?  E.  of  Altamont. 

Empire  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andrew 
00.,  Mo.,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rosendale  Railroad  Station.  It 
aa«  2  churches. 


Empire  Ranch,  a  village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  on  tht 
Yuba  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Wheatland  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches.  Gold-mining  is  the  principal  oocupa- 
tion  of  the  inhabitants.     Pop,  about  600. 

Empire  Road,  Maine.    See  East  Poland. 

Empoli,  4m'po-lee  (anc.  Em'puluvif),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno. 
Pop.  5949.     It  has  manufactures  of  straw  hats. 

Empo'ria,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Emporia  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Neosho  River, 
1  or  2  miles  N.  of  the  Cottonwood  River,  61  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Topeka,  61  miles  S.E.  of  Junction  City,  and  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
several  churches,  4  banks,  a  large  state  normal  school,  2 
colleges,  graded  schools,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  can- 
ning-factory, a  carriage-  and  wagon-factory,  a  soap-factory, 
Ac.  Daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
It  also  has  a  furniture-factory  and  a  creamery.  Emporia 
is  surrounded  by  fertile  and  undulating  prairies.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  2374;  of  the  city,  7551. 

Emporia,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Greensville  co., 
Va.,  18  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  21  miles 
S.W.  of  Sussex  Court-House.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  a  veneering-factory,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  595. 

Emporiae,  the  ancient  name  of  Ahpurias. 

Emporion,  4m-po're-on,  a  town  on  the  island  of  San- 
torini,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago. 

Emporium,  the  ancient  name  of  Mazzara. 

Empo'rium,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Cameron  oo., 
Pa.,  on  Sinnemahoning  or  Driftwood  Creek,  25  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Port  Allegany,  and  73  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  tanneries,  saw-mills,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  lumber,  which  is  procured  in  Cameron 
CO.    Two  newspapers  are  published  here.    Pop.  (1890)  2147. 

Emrich,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Ehuerich. 

Ems,  5ms  (anc.  Ami'sia,  or  Ami'siua),  a  river  of  North- 
western Germany,  rises  in  Westphalia,  N.  of  Paderbom, 
flows  through  Hanover,  and  joins  the  North  Sea  by  an  estu- 
ary between  the  Netherlands  and  East  Friesland,  after  a 
course  of  160  miles.  Near  its  mouth  it  expands  into  a 
basin  called  the  Dollart.  Its  principal  afiluents  are  the 
Werse,  Haase,  and  Leda,  and  near  its  banks  are  the  towns 
of  Lingen,  Meppen,  Aschendorf,  and  Emden. 

Ems,  £ms,  or  Bad-Ems,  b&d-£ms,  a  town  and  water- 
ing-place of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Nassau.  Pop.  5464.  It  is  shut  in  by  hills, 
and  has  a  pleasant  terrace  along  the  Lahn,  with  fine  scenery 
on  the  heights  around  it. 

Emsdetten,  Sms'dfit-t^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1692. 

Ems-Hohen,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Hohen-Ems. 

Emskirchen,  Sms'kggRK-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Auraoh,  14  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  858. 

Ems'worth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on  an 
arm  of  Chichester  harbor,  8J  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop.  1824. 

Ems'worth,  a  post- village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  k  Chicago 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Emtza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yemtsa. 

E'mu,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales,  oo.  of 
Cook,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  600. 

Emu  Bay,  of  Tasmania,  in  Bass's  Strait,  between 
Blackman's  Point  and  Round  Hill  Point.  Lat.  41°  4'  S.; 
Ion.  140°  E. 

Emuck'faAV,  a  post-office  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala. 

Em'yvale,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Monaghan.     Pop.  424. 

Enara,  d-n&'ri,  or  Enare,  i-ni'ri,  a  lake  of  Russian 
Lapland,  lat.  69°  N..  Ion.  28°  E.  Area,  685  square  miles. 
It  contains  numerous  islands,  and  communicates  with  the 
Arctic  Ocean  by  the  Patsjoki  River.  On  its  W.  shore  is  the 
fishing  village  of  Enara. 

Enarea,  fin-i're-&,  a  country  of  Africa,  in  Abyssinia, 
S.W.  of  Shoa.  and  between  lat.  7°  and  8°  N.  and  Ion.  36° 
and  37°  E.  Exports,  coffee,  slaves,  and  ivory.  Principal 
town,  Sakka. 

Enchant'ed  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Coquilla  River. 

Enchusa,  Netherlands.     See  Enkhitysen. 

Encinal,  or  Ensinal,  en-se-n&l',  a  county  in  the  8. 
part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1700  square  miles.  It 
is  partly  drained  by  the  Rio  Nueces,  whirh  touches  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  county.     The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly 


ENC 


II24 


ENG 


level ;  the  soil  is  uncultivated,  but  produces  pasture  for 
eheep.  Two  railroads  traverse  the  oounty.  Pop.  in  1870, 
427 ;  in  1880,  1902  ;  in  1890.  2744. 

Sncina-Sola,  £n-thee'n&-so-l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Huelva,     Pop.  3947. 

£ncinita8,  en-sl-nee'tas,  a  post-Tillage  of  San  Diego 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  20  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  San  Diego.  It 
has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  windmills,  tanks,  <fcc.     Pop.  370. 

Encoun'ter  Bay,  in  South  Australia,  in  lat.  35°  30' 
S.,  Ion.  130°  E. 

Encruzilhada,  in-kroo-zeel-y&'d&,  a  village  and  har- 
bor of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Orande  do  Sul,  to  the  S.  of  the 
Jacuhy,  50  miles  W.  of  Rio  Pardo.     Pop.  2000. 

Endava,  in-d&'yk,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  in  lat,  6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  69°  20'  W.,  and,  after  an  E. 
course,  joins  the  Orinoco  near  the  influx  of  the  Meta. 

£nde,  in'dk,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Flores,  in  lat.  8°  52'  S.  and  Ion.  121°  42'  E.  It  has  a  good 
harbor.    The  name  Ende  is  also  given  to  the  whole  island. 

Endeavor  (en-dgv'^r)  Strait,  in  North  Australia,  is 
between  Cape  York  and  Wolf  Island,  E.  of  the  Gulf  of 
Carpentaria,     Lat.  10°  45'  S.,  Ion.  142°  10'  E. 

Endenich,  in'd^n-iK^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Cologne, 
2  miles  W.  of  Bonn,  on  the  Kreuzberg.     Pop.  984. 

En'derbury  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  3°  9'  S.,  Ion. 
171°  8'  W.),  aflFords  a  good  grade  of  phosphatic  guano,  and 
has  potable  water,  but  is  without  permanent  inhabitants. 

En'derby  Island,  one  of  the  Auckland  Islands. 

En'derby  Land,  a  large  desolate  island  in  the  Ant- 
arctic Ocean,  crossed  by  the  South  Polar  Circle,  lat.  67°  16' 
S.,  Ion.  49°  47'  E. 

Enderi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Andreeya. 

Endermo,  dnMer'mo\  a  port  of  Japan,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Yesso.     Lat.  42°  20'  N,,  Ion,  141°  6'  E. 

En'ders,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co,,(Pa.,  5  miles  E. 
of  Halifax.    It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Endian,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Hindian. 

En'dicott,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Neb.,  59 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Pawnee  City.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
public  schools.     A  fine  fire-clay  is  found  here.     Pop.  256. 

Endingen,  dn'ding-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2679. 

En'dor,  a  village  of  Palestine,  18  miles  S.B.  of  Acre, 
on  the  western  declivity  of  Mount  Hermon. 

En'dor,  a  post-office  of  Will  co.,  111. 

Bndovichtcha,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Yensoticbtska. 

Endred,  Sn'drdd',  or  Gross  Andra,  groce  &n'dr&,  a 
village  of  Hungary,  8  miles  from  Oedenburg.     Pop.  860. 

En'drick,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  county  of 
Stirling,  and  flows  through  the  picturesque  valley  of  In- 
nerdale  into  Loch  Lomond. 

Eu'drod%  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bekes,  on  the 
Kiiros,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Csaba.     Pop.  of  commune,  8714. 

En'ergy,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Ind. 

Energy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co,.  Miss. 

Energy,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo. 

En'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  at  a 
railway  junction,  10  miles  N.E.  of  London.  It  has  an  an- 
cient church,  with  several  subordinate  chapels,  a  free  school 
founded  in  1413,  a  royal  manufactory  of  small-arms,  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  royal  palace.     Pop.  of  parish,  16,054. 

Enfield,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dublin. 

En'field,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  abont 
16  miles  N.  of  Hartford,  near  the  east  bank  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  near  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  which  passes  through  En- 
field township.  It  has  a  high  school  and  several  churches. 
The  township  contains  villages  named  Thompsonville  and 
Hazardville,  and  has  a  community  of  Shakers.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  in  1890,  7199. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  White  co..  111.,  in  Enfield 
township,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fairfield,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Carmi,  and  33  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Shawnee- 
town.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  saw-mills,  a  bank, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Here  is  a  large  oil-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  870 ;  of  the  township,  2108. 

Enfield,  a  station  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Daven- 
port &  Northwestern  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Fayette. 

Enfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Enfield  township,  Penobscot 
■30.,  Me.,  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Penobscot  River. 
Pop.  545. 

Enfield,  a  post- village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Enfield  township,  on  Swift  River,  and  on  the  Springfield, 


Athol  A  Northeastern  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Spring 
field.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cassimere  and 
flannel.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1065. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Mascoma  River,  in  Enfield  township,  and  on  the  Northern 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  manufactures  of  flannel  and  hosiery.  There 
are  several  beautiful  lakes  in  the  township,  which  also  con- 
tains a  community  of  Shakers  and  a  village  named  Enfield 
Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1439. 

Enfield,  a  post- village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &  Weldon  Railro£id,  143  miles  N.  of  Wilmington, 
and  10  miles  S.  of  Halifax.  It  has  4  churches,  2  semina- 
ries, and  several  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  668. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cotton-mill.     Pop.  150, 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  King  William  co.,  Va,,  12 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  King  William  Court-House.  It  has 
lumber-mills  and  saw-mills. 

Enfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  Mascoma  Lake,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Enfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  W.  of  Ithaca,  and  about  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Enfield  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  from  Ithaca.  It  has  a  district  school  and  a  flour- 
mill.  Here  Ten-Mile  Creek  leaps  a  precipice  230  feet  in 
height. 

Engadine,  or  Engadin,  £n-gS,-deen',  an  extensive 
valley  of  Switzerland,  in  the  Grisons,  between  two  principal 
chains  of  the  Rhsetian  Alps,  and  consisting  of  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Inn.  Length,  45  miles.  Elevation,  5753  feet 
above  the  sea.  Pop.  9756.  It  is  subdivided  into  the  Ober- 
and  Unter-Engadin.  The  people  mostly  speak  the  Ladin,  a 
dialect  of  the  Romansch  language. 

Engano,  in-gk'no  (Sp.  Engaflo,  in-g&n'yo),  an  island 
off  the  S.W,  coast  of  Sumatra,  Lat.  5°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  102° 
20'  E.     It  is  about  30  miles  in  circuit. 

Engano,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Papua.  Lat.  2° 
28'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  E.     Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Engedi,  4ng'ghe-di,  or  Ain-Jidy,  ain-jid'ee,  an  an- 
cient town  of  Palestine,  on  the  W.  margin  of  the  Dead  Sea, 
at  a  point  nearly  equidistant  from  both  extremities  of  the 
lake.     Lat.  about  31°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  30'  E. 

Engelberg,  ing'^l-b^RO^  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Unterwalden.  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sarnen,  3284  feet  in  elevation, 
with  a  remarkable  Benedictine  convent.     Pop.  1718. 

En'gelhard,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Engelhardszell,  Sng'^l-h&Rt^sil,  a  town  of  Austria, 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  910. 

Engelholm,  4ng'gh§l-holm\  a  seaport  of  Sweden,  on 
the  Ronne  Aa,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1739. 

En'gellville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  4^  mile« 
N.E.  of  Sharon  Springs. 

Engelsberg,  fing'§ls-bfiR6\  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  2270. 

Engelwood,  or  Englewood,  eng'gh?l-wood,  a  ham- 
let of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Palestine.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  cotton-gin. 

Engen,  ing'^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Aa«h,  23  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1601. 

Engenho-do-Matto,  Sn-zhfin'yo-do-mit'to,  a  village 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Qeraes,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Rio 
Janeiro.  It  contains  a  parish  church  which  stands  2416 
feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  3000. 

Enger,  Ang'^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Minden.  In  its  church  is  a  monument  to  the 
Saxon  chieftain  Wittekind,    Pop.  1537. 

Engers,  Ang'^rs,  Ennostein  Engers,  oi'no-stine* 
Sng'§rs,  or  Zoll  Engers,  tsoll  fing'^rs,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.  It  ha*  a  cas- 
tle, with  a  fine  botanical  garden  and  park.     Pop.  1747. 

Enghien,  a  village  of  France.    See  Montmorency. 

Enghien,  6N»^ghe-3,N»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons.  It  haa  a 
chateau,  with  a  park  and  gardens,  a  gymnasium,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics.     Pop.  3850. 

Enghien-le8-Bains,6N<»^ghe-S,No'-1&-b&N<',  atown  of 
France,  Seine-et-Oise,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris.    P.  1200. 

Engia,  a  corrupt  spelling  of  jEgina  (which  see). 

En^gineer'  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  lat.  37°  4* 
N.,  Ion.  107°  48'  12"  W.     It  has  an  altitude  of  12,971  ' 
above  sea-level.     It  is  mainly  formed  of  volcanic  r( 
including  trachyte.     Two  of  its  sides  are  verv  steep. 


1 


ENG 


1125 


ENG 


£ngland)  ing'gland  (L.  Au'glia  ;  Fr.  Angleterre,  &N»^- 
I'taiR' ;  It.  Ingkilterra,  in-ghil-WR'ni ;  Sp.  and  Port.  Ingla- 
terra,  ing-gli-tiR'Ri;  Ger.  England,  4ng'lint;  Dutch,  En- 
geland,  Ang'H^-lint^),  the  southern  and  larger  section  of  the 
island  of  Great  Britain,  and  the  most  important  of  the  three 
kingdoms  constituting  the  British  empire,  between  lat.  49" 
57'  42"  and  55°  46'  N.  and  Ion.  1°  40'  E.  and  b°  42'  W. 
The  northern  boundary,  between  it  and  Scotland,  is  consti- 
tuted by  the  Solway  Firth  and  the  river  Sark  on  the  west, 
then  by  a  line  to  the  point  where  the  Liddell  falls  into  the 
Esk,  thence  by  the  Liddell  eastward  and  upwards  till  it  is 
struck  by  the  Cheviots,  then  by  the  watershed  of  that  range 
till  they  sink  into  the  valley  .of  the  Tweed,  and  finally  by 
the  Tweed  till  it  falls  into  the  sea.     On  all  other  sides  Eng- 
land is  washed  by  the  sea.     (See  Great  Britain.)     Its 
ooast-line  is  irregular,  being  much  indented  by  a  continu- 
ous series  of  bays,  estuaries,  and  headlands,  so  that  although 
measured  from  headland  to  headland  its  coast-line  is  only 
1200  miles,  if  the  curves  of  its  inner  indentations  are  fol- 
lowed the  measurement  amounts  to  2000  miles.     Its  gen- 
eral shape  is  that  of  a  triangle,  of  which  the  base  is  the 
I  southern  coast  from  Land's  End  to  South  Foreland,  and 
I  the  apex  Berwick.     Length,  from  Portland  Bill  to  Berwick, 
I  363  miles;  greatest  breadth,  viz.,  from  North  Foreland  to 
Land's  End,  320  miles.    Area,  50,879  square  miles,  or  about 
j   five-ninths  of  the  island  of  Great  Britain.     With  the  ex- 
I   oeption  of   Belgium,  England   and  Wales  constitute  the 
\   most  thickly  peopled  country  in  Europe,  the  average  to  a 
!   square  mile  being  about  540.    In  1801  the  pop.  of  England 
I    was  9,156,171;  in  1891,  27,482,104,  giving  an  increase  of 
1    more  than  250  per  cent.     The  following  table  exhibits  the 
I   area  in  square  miles,  and  the  population,  of  each  of  the  40 
counties  of  England  in  1891,  exclusive  of  army  and  navy : 


J     001 

if 


Counties. 


Bedfordshire 

Berkshire 

Buckinghamshire.. 

Cambridgeshire 

Cheshire 


Cornwall 

Cumberland 

Derbyshire 

Devonshire 

Dorsetshire 

Durham 

Bssex 

Oloucestershire . 


Herefordshire 

Hertfordshire 

Huntingdonshire.. 

Kent 

Lancashire 


Leicestershire.. 
Lincolusbire... 
Uiddlesex 


Monmouthshire 

Norfolk , 

Northamptonshire.. 
Nortliumberland.... 
Notti  ugliamshire .... 

Oxfotdshire 

Butlandshire 

Shropshire  (Salop).. 

Somersetshire 

Southamptonshire 

glampshire  or 
ants). 
Staffordshire 


Suffolk . 
Surrey.. 
Sussex- 


Warwickshire... 

Westmoreland .. 

Wiltshire 

Worcestershire., 
Torkshlre 

Ilast  Biding... 

North  Riding, 

Weet  Riding  (incl_ 
41ng  the  city  of  York 


4 


TotaL.. 


Area  In 

Pop. 

sq.  miles. 

(1891). 

461 

160,729 

703 

2.38,446 

650 

185,190 

822 

188,862 

1,107 

730,052 

1,369 

322,589 

1,616 

266,550 

1,026 

527,886 

2,586 

631,767 

980 

194,487 

1,012 

1,016,449 

1,649 

785,399 

1,268 

599,974 

833 

115,986 

611 

220,125 

359 

57,772 

1,570 

1,142,281 

1,905 

3,926,798 

803 

373,693 

2,776 

472,778 

281 

3,251,703 

676 

690,086 

2,116 

252,260 

986 

456,474 

2,016 

.302,184 

822 

506,096 

739 

445,599 

148 

185,938 

1,314 

20,659 

1,636 

236,324 

1,613 

484,326 

1,146 

1,083,273 

1,486 

369,351 

766 

1,730,871 

1,466 

550,442 

881 

805,070 

768 

66,098 

1,362 

264,969 

738 

413,755 

i,ira 

399,412 

2,128 

368,237 

2,766 

2,441,164 

60,879 

27,482,104 

County  and 
chief  towns. 


Bedford. 
Reading. 
Aylesbury. 
Cambridge. 
Chester    (Stock- 
port). 
Bodmin. 
Carlisle. 
Derby. 
Exeter. 
Dorchester. 
Durliam. 
Chelmsford. 
Gloucester 
(Bristol). 
Hereford. 
Hertford. 
Huntingdon. 
Maidstone. 
Lancaster 
(Manchester 
&  Liverpool). 
Leicester. 
Lincoln. 
Brentford  (Lon- 
don). 
Monmouth. 
Norwich. 
Northampton. 
Newcastle. 
Nottingham. 
Oxford. 
Oakham. 
Shrewsbury. 
Bath. 

f  Winchester 
-<  (Portsmouth, 

(Southampton) 
Stafford  (Wol- 

verhampton). 
Ipswich. 
Guildford. 
Chichester 

(Brighton). 
Warwick  (Bir- 
mingham). 
Api)leby. 
Salisbury. 
Worcester. 
York. 

Beverly  (Hull). 
Northallerton. 

(Leeds  (Shef- 
<     field,  Brad- 

(.    ford). 


For  extent  and  population  of  Welsh  counties,  see  Wales. 


An  account  of  the  physical  features,  geology,  manufao 
tures  and  commerce,  army  and  navy,  and  details  affecting 
imperial  interests,  may  be  found  under  Great  Britain. 

Agriculture. — Agriculture  has  attained  high  eminence 
in  some  districts  of  England,  especially  in  the  N.  and  E. 
counties ;  in  many  parts,  particularly  in  the  W.,  it  is  back- 
ward. Wheat  is  the  principal  crop,  especially  in  the  E. 
and  S.E.  counties;  barley  is  raised  chiefly  in  the  central 
counties,  and  oats  in  the  N.,  though  cultivated  more  or 
less  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Peas,  beans,  potatoes,  and 
turnips  are  the  crops  ne.xt  in  importance.  Rye  and  buck- 
wheat are  not  extensively  cultivated;  rape,  flax,  hemp,  and 
mangel-wurzel  only  in  certain  parts.  Hops  are  nearly  con 
fined  to  Kent,  Herefordshire,  and  the  vicinity  of  Farn- 
ham,  in  Surrey,  the  number  of  acres  under  this  crop  being 
about  66,000.  Near  the  large  towns  the  ground  is  com- 
monly laid  out  in  market-gardens,  and  in  Bedfordshire  an 
extensive  district  is  appropriated  to  growing  vegetables  for 
the  London  market,  in  the  S.W.  counties  large  quantities 
of  apples  are  grown,  and  Devon  and  Hereford  are  famous 
for  cider.  Perry  is  made  chiefly  in  Worcestershire,  and 
mead  in  many  of  the  counties  contiguous  to  Wales.  The 
grape  does  not  succeed  so  a&  to  produce  wine,  beer  and  ale 
being  the  national  beverages.  The  Durham  or  Short-horned, 
Devon,  Hereford,  Jersey,  and  Alderney  are  the  most  noted 
breeds  of  cattle.  Butter  is  an  important  product  in  Essex, 
Cambridgeshire,  and  Dorset;  cheese  in  Cheshire,  Gloucester, 
Wilts,  Somersetshire,  Ac.  The  total  annual  produce  of  wool 
in  England  has  been  estimated  at  470,000  packs  of  240 
pounds  each  (upwards  of  1,000,000  hundred-weight).  Swine 
are  very  generally  kept,  and  are  numerous  in  tho  forest- 
lands  of  Hants,  Berks,  Gloucester,  and  Hereford,  the  number 
being  nearly  2,000,000.  Geese  are  raised  largely,  especially 
in  the  Lincoln  fens,  for  the  London  market.  Poultry  i^ 
universal. 

England  is  generally  well  wooded,  and  62,620  acres  of 
royal  forest  lands  are  enclosed  for  the  growth  of  timber. 
The  New  Forest  in  Hampshire,  the  forests  of  Epping  (Essex), 
Sherwood  (Kent),  and  Dean  (Gloucester),  are  among  the 
largest;  but  the  oak  grows  to  the  greatest  perfection  in  the 
wealds  of  Sussex,  Surrey,  and  Kent,  many  parts  of  which 
have  remained  wooded  ever  since  the  time  of  the  Romans. 

Religion  and  Education. — The  established  church  of  Eng- 
land is  the  Protestant  Episcopal,  but  the  most  perfect  toler- 
ation is  granted  to  all  creeds.  The  sovereign  is  the  head 
of  the  church,  having  right  to  nominate  to  bishoprics  and 
archbishoprics.  The  church  is  governed  by  2  archbishops 
and  29  bishops,  besides  several  suffragan  and  coadjutant 
bishops,  and  has  12,837  parishes  or  benefices,  in  each  of 
which  there  is  a  church,  presided  over  by  a  rector  or  vicar, 
who  holds  the  living.  Of  clergymen  of  every  degree  con- 
nected with  the  established  church  the  number  is  about 
23,000.  The  Episcopal  population  of  England  and  Wales 
is  estimated  at  13,500,000,  leaving  about  11,000,000  to 
other  creeds.  Among  Protestant  dissenters  the  most  prom- 
inent bodies  are  the  Methodists,  Independents,  and  Baptists. 
The  Methodists  possess  alone  9000  places  of  worship,  the 
Independents  3500,  and  the  Baptists  2000.  The  Roman 
Catholics  are  estimated  at  2,000,000,  with  1039  chapels  and 
1810  clergymen,  presided  over  by  1  archbishop  (Westmin- 
ster) and  12  bishops.  There  are  altogether  122  religious 
denotninations,  whose  names  have  been  given  in  to  the 
registrar-general. 

Episcopally,  England  and  Wales  are  divided  into  2  arch- 
bishoprics,— Canterbury  and  York.  The  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury is  primate  and  metropolitan  of  all  England,  and 
crowns  the  monarch,  whether  king  or  queen.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  York  is  styled  primate  and  metropolitan  of  Eng- 
land, and  crowns  the  queen-consort.  The  income  of  the 
former  is  £15,000  (about  $75,000)  a  year;  of  the  latter, 
£10,000  (about  $50,000).  The  doctrines  of  the  church  are 
embodied  in  the  Thirty-Nine  Articles,  and,  having  been 
ratified  by  Parliament,  cannot  be  changed  without  its  con- 
sent. The  average  yearly  income  of  its  clergy  is  about 
£300  ($1500),  livings  varying  from  upwards  of  £2000 
($10,000)  down  to  £50  ($250). 

At  the  head  of  the  educational  system  of  England  stand 
the  ancient  national  universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
two  of  the  most  celebrated  institutions  in  the  world.  They 
are  almost  exclusively  for  the  wealthier  classes,  and,  till  a 
recent  period,  only  for  members  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Prominent  among  the  institutions  of  learning  are  the  Uni- 
versities of  Durham  and  London,  and  Kings  College,  Lon- 
don, all  of  which  have  the  power  of  granting  degrees.  In 
addition  there  are  throughout  the  country  several  collegiate 
institutions,  with  professional  staffs  of  high  eminenco,.  u» 
Owen's  College,  Manchester,  University  College,  Aberystwith» 


ENG 


1I26 


ENG 


Ac.  Besides  there  are  numerous  theological  colleges  or  semi- 
naries, attached  to  most  of  which  are  professors  in  the  facul- 
ties of  arts  and  philosophy.  The  Church  of  England  alone 
has  14  such  seminaries.  There  are  many  colleges  and  in- 
stitutions for  imparting  professional  or  technical  training. 
At  the  head  of  these  stands  the  South  Kensington  School 
and  Museum  for  the  promotion  of  science  and  art,  which 
receives  an  annual  grant  from  government  amounting  to 
about  £300,000.  Lectures  on  art,  Ac,  are  regularly  de- 
livered, and  its  museum  is  unrivalled  as  an  adjunct  to  a 
technical  school.  It  comprises  (1)  the  Art  Museum,  (2)  the 
India  Museum,  (3)  various  science  collections,  and  exten- 
sive art  and  science  libraries.  The  Royal  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  the  Royal  Colleg«  of  Surgeons  (London)  are 
world-renowned,  as  are  also  the  School  of  Mines  and  the 
Royal  Institution  (London).  The  latter  became  famed 
under  Young,  Davy,  and  Faraday,  maintaining  its  celebrity 
under  Tyndall  and  Huxley.  There  are  royal  military  acad- 
emies at  Woolwich  and  Sandhurst,  a  royal  naval  college  at 
Greenwich,  and  an  agricultural  college  at  Cirencester. 

At  the  head  of  secondary  education  stand  the  great  public 
schools, — notably  Eton,  Harrow,  Rugby,  and  Marlborough. 
These  schools  are  richly  endowed,  and  have  long  had  a  high 
repute  for  classical  training.  Their  expense,  however,  de- 
bars all  but  the  wealthy  from  them.  For  the  middle  classes 
there  are  numerous  grammar-schools  (mostly  ancient  and 
well  endowed)  and  private  seminaries. 

England  has  not  yet  adopted  a  directly  compulsory  system 
of  education,  but  the  act  of  1870  attempts  to  attain  the  same 
ends  indirectly  by  enacting  that  no  child  shall  be  employed 
unless  he  has  received  education,  that  there  shall  be  pro- 
vided in  every  school  district  a  sufficient  amount  of  accom- 
modation in  public  elementary  schools  for  all  the  children 
resident  in  it,  and  that  all  children  whose  parents  are  unable 
to  pay  shall  be  taught  free,  the  expenses  to  be  provided  from 
local  rates.  The  school  boards  have  the  power  of  making 
parents  give  education  to  all  children  between  5  and  13. 
The  present  school  system  of  England  is  one  of  considerable 
efficiency  and  of  great  promise,  the  schools  being  sustained 
partly  by  public  and  private  grants  and  partly  by  local 
taxation. 

Judicial  Syitem. — England  has  no  legal  code.  The  whole 
body  of  its  laws  may  be  divided  into  two  classes, — those 
based  on  immemorial  usage,  and  those  springing  from  par- 
liamentary enactment.  Of  these  the  former  has  taken  far 
deeper  root  in  the  national  life  than  the  latter.  The  courts 
of  law  fall  into  two  divisions, — those  of  common  law  and 
those  of  equity.  In  the  latter  courts  no  juries  are  em- 
ployed ;  and  though  governed,  like  those  of  common  law, 
by  precedent,  their  modes  of  procedure  are  less  technical 
and  their  forms  of  remedy  simpler  and  more  diverse. 
The  courts  of  common  law  comprise  the  Queen's  Bench, 
Common  Pleas,  and  Exchequer, — all  for  the  trial  of  civil 
cases,  it  being  left  to  suitors  to  select  before  which  their 
suits  shall  come ;  also  the  Courts  of  Probate,  Divorce,  and 
Matrimonial  Causes.  The  courts  of  equity  comprise  the 
Courts  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  the  Lords  Justices  of  Appeal 
and  the  three  Vioe-Chancellors,  and  the  Courts  of  Appeal 
of  the  County  Palatine  of  Lancashire.  The  effect  of  the 
legislation  of  1874  and  1876  is  that  there  is  now  one  su- 
preme court  of  judicature,  consisting  of  two  permanent 
divisions,  called  the  High  Court  of  Justice  and  the  Court 
of  Appeal.  The  former  takes  jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  the  three  Common-Law  Courts,  the  Courts  of 
Admiralty,  Probate,  and  Divorce,  and  the  Courts  of  Pleas 
at  Lancaster  and  Durham,  as  well  as  the  courts  created  by 
Commission  of  Assize.  The  latter  takes  jurisdiction  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal  in  Chancery,  the  Court  of  the  Exchequer, 
and  the  appellate  jurisdiction  in  admiralty  and  heresy  mat- 
ters. The  High  Court  of  Appeal  consists  of  the  Lord  High 
Chancellor,  the  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  England,  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls,  the  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and 
the  Lord  Chief-Baron  of  the  Exchequer  as  ex-officio  mem- 
bers, with  six  Lords-Justices  as  ordinary  members.  By  act 
of  1876,  the  House  of  Lords,  as  final  court,  sits  for  the  three 
kingdoms  for  the  hearing  of  appeals  from  the  English  Court 
of  Appeal  and  the  Scotch  and  Irish  courts.  The  Lords 
of  Appeal  are  the  Lord  Chancellor,  the  Lords  in  appeal  in 
ordinary,  and  peers  who  have  held  high  judicial  office  in 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  The  criminal  courts  are :  (1.) 
That  of  Justice  of  Peace,  sitting  singly  or  in  petty  sessions 
of  two  or  more  justices.  In  populous  districts  stipendiary 
magistrates  are  now  substituted  for  these  courts.  (2.)  The 
justices  sitting  in  Quarter  Sessions  to  determine  felonies 
and  other  offences.  In  boroughs  this  court  is  presided  over 
by  the  recorder.  (3.)  More  serious  offences  are  reserved  for 
the  judges  of  the  superior  courts,  sitting  under  a  commission 


of  oyer  and  terminer  and  jail  delivery,  and  called  Assiw 
Courts.  The  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  as  representing  the 
ancient  Aula  Regia  (King's  Council),  combines  the  func- 
tions of  a  civil  and  criminal  court,  and  has  a  general  super- 
intendence over  all  courts  of  criminal  jurisdiction. 

History. — The  proper  history  of  England  begins  in  the 
fifth  century,  when  the  Britons  called  on  certain  Teutonic 
confederations  dwelling  on  the  North  Sea  and  the  Baltic, 
and  known  as  Jutes,  Saxons,  and  Angles,  for  aid  in  repel- 
ling the  inroads  of  the  Picts  and  Scots  living  north  of  Ha- 
drian's wall.  We  learn  little  of  the  contest  between  these 
Teutons  and  the  northern  Kelts.  We  know  only  that  after 
clearing  the  country  of  them  they  turned  upon  the  Britons 
themselves,  and  driving  them  from  the  more  fertile  dis- 
tricts formed  settlements  therein.  The  Jutes  occupied  Kent 
and  the  Isle  of  Wight ;  the  Saxons  the  remainder  of  the 
district  lying  south  of  the  Thames  and  Essex ;  and  the 
Angles  the  rest  of  the  eastern  and  inland  parts  of  the  country 
as  far  north  as  the  Firth  of  Forth.  The  ancient  Britons 
were  left  only  Wales,  Cornwall,  Cumberland,  and  the  south- 
west of  Scotland.  Each  of  these  Teutonic  peoples  consisted 
of  many  tribes,  each  under  its  own  chief,  who  was  in  time 
of  peace  practically  independent.  Gradually  these  smaller 
tribes  coalesced  into  seven  or  eight  greater  states  or  na- 
tions, to  which  the  name  of  the  Heptarchy  has  been  given. 
Rivalries  broke  out  among  these  nations,  and  intestine 
divisions  raged  till  827,  when  Egbert,  King  of  Wessex, 
was  declared  overlord  of  all  the  country,  which  now  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Angelcyn,  which  may  be  rendered 
England.  Previous  to  this,  in  the  seventh  century,  all  the 
land  had  become  Christian,  mainly  through  the  labors  of 
St.  Augustine  and  of  Irish  and  Scottish  missionaries.  The 
early  part  of  the  reign  of  the  illustrious  Alfred  (871-901) 
was  spent  in  continual  and  ultimately  successful  struggles 
against  the  heathen  Danes,  who  had  made  settlements  on 
the  east  coast  and  strove  to  extend  their  sway  over  Wessex. 
To  Alfred  is  to  be  attributed  the  establishment  of  order  on 
the  basis  of  constitutional  law.  His  virtues,  his  wisdom, 
his  piety,  his  literary  acquirements,  and  his  glorioue 
achievements  have  earned  for  him  the  title  of  "  the  (Jreat." 
Under  the  reign  of  his  grandson,  Edred  (946-55),  the  Danes 
were  quelled,  and  Northumberland,  as  far  north  as  the 
Forth,  was  incorporated  with  the  rest  of  the  country,  so 
that  now  for  the  first  time  a  kingdom  of  England  wns 
formed.  But  the  Scandinavians  did  not  remain  long 
quiescent.  In  the  reign  of  ^thelred  the  Unready,  they 
renewed  their  piratical  incursions,  and  ultimately  Sweyn, 
King  of  Denmark  (1014),  came  in  person,  compelled  ^th- 
elred  to  take  refuge  in  Normandy,  and  ascended  the  empty 
throne,  thus  founding  a  Danish  dynasty.  Four  Danish 
kings  reigned  in  England, — Sweyn,  Canute,  Harold  Hare- 
foot,  and  Hardicanute.  On  the  death  of  the  last,  who  bad 
rendered  himself  infamous,  the  English  people  returned  to 
their  native  dynasty,  and  elected  Edward  the  Confessor, 
son  of  the  late  ^thelred,  as  their  king.  Edward's  death 
initiated  one  of  the  greatest  events  in  English  history.  Two 
claimants  to  the  throne  appeared, — Harold,  his  brother-in- 
law,  and  William,  Duke  of  Normandy,  to  whom  the  throne 
had  been  bequeathed  by  Edward.  At  the  decisive  battle 
of  Hastings  (1060),  Harold  was  slain,  and  his  army  of 
Englishmen  destroyed.  William  the  Conqueror  thereupon 
assumed  the  sovereignty.  His  court  was  filled  with  his 
Norman  followers,  among  whom  much  of  the  land  of  Eng- 
land was  distributed,  while  Norman-French  became  the 
language  of  the  court,  of  law-proceedings,  and  of  the  schools. 
William  retained  his  French  possessions,  and  on  this  was 
based  England's  claim  to  French  territory,  the  cause  of  long 
and  bloody  wars.  The  famed  dynasty  of  the  Plantagenets 
commenced  after  the  death  of  Henry,  the  son  of  the  Con- 
queror, in  1136,  with  the  reign  of  Henry  of  Anjou,  son  of 
the  late  king's  daughter  by  Geoffrey  Plantagenet.  His 
reign  was  mainly  a  long  struggle  against  the  growing  power 
of  the  clergy,  culminating  in  the  murder  of  Becket,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  It  is  marked,  too,  by  the  conquest  of 
the  Irish  pale  in  1170.  Richard  the  Lion-hearted,  Henry's 
son,  devoted  himself  almost  wholly  to  foreign  war  in  the 
Holy  Land  and  France.  He  was  slain  at  the  siege  of 
Chains,  1199,  and  was  succeeded,  not  by  his  son,  but  by  his 
brother  John,  who  murdered  his  nephew  and  usurped  the 
crown.  During  John's  reign,  England  lost  nearly  all  her 
French  dominions ;  but  his  very  weakness  became  a  boon  to 
the  country,  for  the  nobles  extorted  from  it  at  Runnymede 
(1215)  the  Magna  Charta,  which  has  been  well  styled  the 
charter  of  English  liberty.  Edward  I.  signalized  his  reign 
by  the  conquest  of  Wales  (1282),  and  he  struggled  strenu- 
ously and  almost  successfully  to  establish  the  suzerainty 
of  England  over  Scotland.     In  1305  he  barbarously  mur- 


ENG 


1127 


ENK 


jered  the  Scottish  patriot  and  leader,  Wallace.  At  Ban- 
(ookburn  (1314),  King  Robert  Bruce  utterly  routed  the 
reat  army  of  Edward  II.,  and  established  the  independence 
f  Scotland.  The  reign  of  Edward  III.  was  characterized  by 
etermined  efforts  to  conquer  France,  the  throne  of  which 
^e  claimed  in  virtue  of  his  mother.  His  campaigns  were 
endered  illustrious  by  the  victories  won  by  his  son,  the 
Jlack  Prince,  at  Creoy  and  Poictiers.  Richard  II.,  Edward's 
randson,  was  driven  from  his  throne  by  Henry  Bolingbroke, 
iuke  of  Lancaster,  who  assumed  the  sovereignty  under  the 
ille  of  Henry  IV.,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  fierce 
L-uggles  between  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  known 
js  the  "Wars  of  the  Roses.  In  this  reign  the  fires  of  perse- 
iution  were  lighted  against  the  Lollards  and  Wickliffites. 

fhe  victory  of  Agincourt  distinguished  the  reign  of  Henry 
.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  infant  son,  Henry  VI.  During 
is  reign  began  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  which  desolated 
fcngland  for  30  years  (1455-85),  sacrificing  eighty  princes  of 
he  blood-royal  and  the  larger  proportion  of  the  old  nobil- 
[y.  It  was  brought  to  a  close  by  the  victory  gained  over 
.Richard  III.  at  Bosworth  (1485)  by  Henry,  Duke  of  Rich- 
hond,  who,  in  virtue  of  his  wife,  united  the  claims  of  both 
louses.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Tudor  dynasty.  Theinter- 
k';  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  centres  in  the  contest  between 
ihe  crown  of  England  and  the  see  of  Rome,  which,  in  the 
'eign  of  Henry's  successor,  Edward  VI.,  eventuated  in  the 
o:mal  renunciation  by  England  of  the  authority  of  Rome, 
ird  the  adoption  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation,  as 
[cibodied  in  the  Forty-Two  Articles  of  1548.  In  the  reign 
it  his  sister  Mary,  commonly  called  "  Bloody  Mary,"  an 
It  tempt  was  made  to  undo  the  work  of  the  Reformation. 
Pikrliament  re-established  the  supremacy  of  the  Pope,  and 
(he  fires  of  persecution  were  lighted,  Bishops  Hooper, 
Liitimer,  Ridley,  and  Cranmer  being  among  the  suflPerers. 
F  lese  horrors  turned  the  minds  of  the  people  further  from 
S,  )me,  and  the  accession  of  the  Protestant  Elizabeth  was 
ii  iled  as  a  relief  to  the  nation.  Her  reign  was  signalized 
|i  the  defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada  (1588),  but  sullied  by 
ior  cruelty  to  her  unfortunate  relative,  Mary  Queen  of  Scots. 
k  izabeth  died  in  1603.  Under  her  successor,  James  VI. 
pf  Scotland  and  I.  of  Great  Britain,  the  history  of  England 
MMes  into  that  of  Great  Britain  (which  see). 
I  England,  ing'gland,  a  post- village  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark., 
b  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  4  churches. 
j  £ngle's  (Sng'gl'z)  MillSf  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co., 
Bd  d.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

I    Englewood,  6ng'gh§l-wood,  a  former  post-village  of 
b(tok  CO.,  111.,  now  incorporated  with  the  city  of  Chicago, 
V  miles  S.  of  Chicago  Post-OfiBce,  2  or  3  miles  from  Lake 
bdichigan,  and  on  the  Michigan  Southern   and  Chicago, 
R}ok  Island  &  Pacific  Railroads  where  the  latter  crosses 
jlle  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.     Engle- 
w  )od  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  the  Cook  County  Nor- 
imal  School,  organized  in  1867,  a  bank,  and  a  public  park. 
{    Englewood,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Kansas,  36 
piles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ashland.     It  has  a  church,  a  public 
^chool,  and  a  newspaper  of&ce.     Pop.  200. 
I    Englewood)  a  post- village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  14  miles 
(by  rail  N.  of  New  York,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Palisades  of 
pe  Hudson.     It  has  a  classical  institute  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Englewood  township  has  5  churches. 
I    Englewood  (fing'gh§l-wood)  For'est,  a  wide  moor 
^n  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  near  Carlisle. 
I    English,  ing'glish,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
M'  miles  by  rail  W.  of  New  Albany.      It  has  a  church, 
fi  graded   school,  a   shingle-factory,  a   stave-,  saw-,  and 
blaning-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  423. 
I    English,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N.  of 
IChariton,  the  county  seat.     Pop.  740. 
I    English,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  is  at  Carroll- 
ton  Station,  50  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Louisville. 

English,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  is  at 
Eloman  Station  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
39  miles  N.  of  Menominee.     Here  are  charcoal-works. 

English  Bazaar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Angrazabad. 

English  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
in  Pine  township,  on  Little  Pine  Creek,  about  21  miles 
N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a 
large  tannery,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

1  English  Channel  (Fr.  La  Manche,  li  m5N8h,  i.e., 
I"  the  sleeve,"  so  named  from  its  shape),  that  portion  of  the 
Atlantic  which  separates  Great  Britain  from  France,  ex- 
.Jtending  from  Dover  Strait  to  Land's  End,  Cornwall.  Width 
^at  Dover,  20  miles;  at  Land's  End,  102  miles;  greatest 
jwidth,  155  miles. 

English  Company's  Islands,  a  group  off  the  N. 


coast  of  Australia,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Amhem.  Lat.  12° 
ID'S.;  Ion.  136°  35'  E. 

English  Cove,  a  bay  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  New  Ire- 
land, in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  4°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  162°  35'  E. 

English  Cove,  a  small  fishing  settlement  on  the  north 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Brigus. 

English  Creek,  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  runs  N.E.,  and 
enters  the  Des  Moines  River  about  10  miles  E.  of  Knoxville. 

English  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Absecon.     It  has  2  churches. 

English  Har'bor,  a  post-town  nn  the  S.  coast  of  An- 
tigua, West  Indies,  1  mile  from  Falmouth.  Lat.  17°  3'  N.; 
Ion.  61°  45'  W.  The  port  is  small,  but  deep  enough  for 
large  ships.  It  has  a  fine  dock -yard,  but  has  greatly  declined. 

English  Harbor,  a  fishing  station  on  the  French 
shore,  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  of  Canada  Bay,  45 
miles  from  La  Scie.     Pop.  68. 

English  Harbor,  a  fishing  village  on  the  north  side  of 
Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Trinity.     P.  350. 

English  Harbor,  a  small  fishing  settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  on  Green's  Pond  Island, 
1  mile  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  78. 

English  Harbor,  in  Central  America,  Costa  Rica,  on 
the  Pacific.     Lat.  8°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  55'  W. 

English  Harbor  East,  a  small  fishing  settlement 
on  the  north  side  of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  54  miles 
from  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  100. 

English  Harbor  West,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry 
in  the  district  of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from 
Belleorem.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  herring-  and  cod 
fishery.     Pop.  210. 

English  Liake,  Indiana,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  and  is  part  of  the  boundary  between  La  Porte 
and  Starke  cos.     It  is  12  miles  long  or  more. 

English  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Kankakee  River,  at  the  foot  of  English  Lake,  and  on 
the  Columbus  &  Chicago  division  of  the  Pittsburg,  St 
Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  La  Crosse. 

English  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

English  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  McHenry  co., 
III.,  in  Burton  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

English  Riv'er,  an  estuary  in  Delagoa  Bay,  South- 
eastern Africa,  about  lat.  26°  58'  2"  S.,  Ion.  32°  36'  7"  E., 
which  receives  the  Mattel,  Dundas,  and  Temby  Rivers. 

English  River,  in  Iowa,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
state,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  the  Red  Cedar  in  Black 
Hawk  CO. 

English  River,  in  Iowa,  is  formed  by  its  North  and 
South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Poweshiek  co.  and  unite  at  the 
N.E.  corner  of  Keokuk  co.  It  runs  eastward  through 
Washington  co.,  and  enters  the  Iowa  River  about  14  miles 
S.  of  Iowa  City. 

English  River,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1260.     It  contains  South  English. 

English  River,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1431.     It  contains  Richmond  and  Middleburg. 

English  River,  Canada.    See  Churchill  River. 

Eng'lishtown,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  NJ^., 
on  the  Freehold  &  Jamesburg  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Freehold.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  shirt-factory. 

English  Town,  or  St.  Ann,  a  seaport  of  Victoria 
CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  St.  Ann's  Bay,  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Baddeck.     Pop.  524. 

English  Turn,  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish. 
La..  17  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Englishville,  ing'glish-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co., 
Mich.,  in  Alpine  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo 
A  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Engoor  and  Engonr,  Turkish  names  for  Angora. 

Engst'len  Alp,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  with  fine 
scenery,  4  miles  S.  of  Engelberg.     Height,  6033  feet. 

Engna-Gua^u  (or  -Guazu),  4ng'gwi-gwi-soo',  an 
island  of  Brazil,  province  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sao 
Paulo.  It  has  been  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a 
road  built  upon  piles.  The  town  of  Santos  stands  at  its 
N.  and  that  of  Sao  Vicente  at  its  S.E.  extremity. 

Enguera,  4n-gwi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  47  miles  S.W. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  6700. 

Enikale,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ybnieale. 

Enikale,  Strait  of.  See  Yenikale,  Strait  of. 
Enisei,  a  river  of  Asia.  See  Yenisei. 
Enkhnysen,  Enkhuizen,  fink^hoi's^n,  or  Enchn- 
sa,  in-kii'si,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland, 
on  a  peninsula  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Am- 
sterdam. It  has  a  fine  town  hall,  a  large  cannon -foundry, 
and  trade  in  salt,  fish,  timber,  and  cattle.     Pop.  545J 


ENK 


1128 


E^T 


Enkirch)  An'keeRK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4 

miles  S.W.  of  Zell,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  2043. 

Enkjoping,  Enkoping,  or  Enkioping,  in'cho^- 
ping  (almost  fin'chupHng),  a  town  of  Sweden,  about  60 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stockholm.     Pop.  1694. 

Enna,  the  ancient  name  of  Castrooioyanni. 

En'nall's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

En-Nasirah,  the  Arabic  name  of  Nazareth. 

Ennaska,  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Yoonaska. 

En'nel,  or  BelVedere',  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Westmeath,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  MuUingar.  It  is  studded 
with  wooded  islets,  and  has  several  fine  seats  on  its  banks. 

Ennenda,  dn-nen'd&,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  1  mile  S.E.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2785. 

En'nerdale-Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, 7  miles  N.E.  of  Egremont.  It  is  formed  by  the 
river  Eken. 

Ennezat,  inn^zi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Ddme, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1442. 

En'nis,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  oo.  of  Clare, 
on  the  Fergus,  20  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Limerick.  It 
has  4  bridges  across  the  Fergus,  a  court-house,  jail,  infirm- 
ary, hospital,  town  hall,  barracks,  workhouse,  linen-market, 
3  banks,  a  parish  and  a  large  Roman  Catholic  church,  a 
college,  2  convents,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  ruins  of  a  fine 
abbey.    Pop.  6503. 

En'nis,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  34  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4  newspaper  offices,  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-compress,  a  mattress-factory, 
lumber-mills,  and  railroad  repair-shops.     Pop.  2171. 

En^niscor'thy*  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wexford,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  navigable 
river  Slaney.  It  has  a  court-house,  bridewell,  convent,  and 
a  stately  Anglo-Norman  castle,  still  in  good  repair.  Pop. 
5594. 

En^nisker'ry,  a  number  of  small  islands  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Clare :  of  these  the  most  important 
is  Mutton  Island,  about  1  mile  from  the  shore,  containing 
about  210  acres  of  land,  and  some  curious  oaves. 

Enniskerry,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Wicklow,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin. 

En^niskil'len,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  oo.  of 
Fermanagh,  mostly  built  on  an  island  in  the  river  connect- 
ing Upper  and  Lower  Lough  Erne,  87  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Dublin.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  court-bouse  and  prison, 
a  town  hall,  a  richly  endowed  school,  barracks,  an  infirmary, 
workhouse,  linen-hall,  branch  banks,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cutlery.  The  inhabitants  supported 
the  Protestant  cause  in  1689.     Pop.  5836. 

Enniskillen,  Grey  co.,  Ontario.     See  Varney. 

Eu^niskil'Ien,  or  Charlesville,  charlz'vll,  a  post- 
village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bowman- 
ville.     It  contains  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  250. 

Enniskillen,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  John.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-trade.     Pop.  150. 

En^nismore',  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 
tario, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Peterborough.  It  contains  shingle- 
and  stave-factories  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  190. 

Eunis  Store,  a  village  of  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss.,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Starkville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam-mill. 

EnnistrahnI,  en^nis-trawl',  a  small  island  off  the  N. 
^oast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malin 
Head.     It  has  a  light-house. 

En^nisty'moii,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on 
a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  near  its  mouth  in  Liscanor 
Bay,  14i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ennis.     Pop.  1411. 

En'nisTille,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  Standing  Stone  Creek,  about  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flouring- 
iuill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

EnnisTille,  Ontario.    See  Innisville. 

Enno'ree,  or  Eno'ree,  a  small  river  of  South  Caro- 
lina, rises  in  Greenville  co.,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Laurens  co.  on  the  right  and  Spartan- 
burg and  Union  cos.  on  the  left,  and  enters  the  Broad  River 
in  Newberry  co.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Enns,  or  Ens,  5ns  (anc.  An'iaua  or  An'egus),  a  river 
of  Austria,  rises  11  miles  S.  of  Radstadt,  flows  E.  through 
Styria,  and  then  N.,  separating  the  provinces  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Austria,  past  Radstadt,  Steyer,  and  Enns,  and  enters 
the  Danube  on  the  right,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lintz.  Chief 
affluents,  the  Steyer  and  the  Salza.     Length,  112  miles. 

Enns  (anc.  Lauriaeum  f),  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on 
the  Enns,  near  its  junction  with  the  Danube,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Lintz.  It  has  manufactures  of  iron  and  steel, 
and  is  enclosed  with  old  walls.     Pop.  2051. 


E'no,  a  river  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Neuse  River  near  the  S.W.  corner  of  Granvill* 
CO.     Hillsborough  is  on  this  river. 

Enoch,  e'npk,  a  post-township  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  MarietU.  Pop.  1302.  Enoch  Post-Office  ia 
5  miles  E.  of  Caldwell. 

Enochsburg,  e'noks-burg,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co., 
Ind.,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brookville. 

Enochville,  e'npk-vil,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co., 
N.C.,  5  miles  from  China  Grove  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  a  high  school. 

Eno'la,  a  post-village  of  Faulkner  co.,  Ark.,  14  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Conway. 

Enola,  a  post-village  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  10  miles  W, 
by  S.  of  Yazoo  City. 

E'non,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  about  56  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  schoolg. 

Enon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Miss.,  on  Leaf  River, 
about  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Enon,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  Mad  River,  and 
on  the  Atlantic  <!;  Great  Western  and  Cleveland,  Columbus 
k  Cincinnati  Railroads,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Enon,  Pennsylvania.     See  Enox  Valley. 

Enon  College,  a  post-office  of  Trousdale  co.,  Tenn., 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gallatin. 

Enon  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Franklin.     In  its  vicinity  are  2  churches. 

Enontekeis,  &-non't&-ki8\  a  village  of  Russian  Lap- 
land, on  the  Tomei,  190  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tornei.    P.  860. 

E'non  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  4i 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy,  3 
churches,  and  some  repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  Here  are 
coal-mines.     Pop.  about  500. 

Enore,  £n^5r',  a  village  of  British  India,  presidency 
and  8  miles  N.  of  Madras,  on  the  bank  of  a  salt  lake. 

Enoree,  a  river  of  South  Carolina.     See  Ennoree, 

Eno'ree,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods. 

Enos,  i'nos  (ano.  jE'noa),  a  seaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Gallipoli,  on  the 
Mge&n  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maritza  in  the  Gulf  of 
Enos.  Pop.  7000.  It  is  the  seat  of  some  trade;  but  its 
harbor  is  choked  with  sand  and  admits  only  small  vessels. 
The  Gulf  of  Enos,  N.  of  the  town,  entered  by  a  strait,  is  14 
miles  in  length  by  5  miles  in  breadth. 

E'nosbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches.  Butter 
is  one  of  its  staple  products.     Pop.  of  township,  2299. 

Enosbnrg  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  RmI- 
road,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  carriage-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  man- 
ufactures of  patent  medicines.  The  river  affords  great 
water-power  here.     Pop.  about  400. 

Enotajensk,  Russia.    See  Yenotajensk. 

Ens,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  Enns. 

Enschede,  ^n-sk&'d^h,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Delden.     Pop.  5072. 

Enseli,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Enzellee. 

Ensenada,  or  Ensenada  de  Barragon,  hn-A- 
n&'di.  di  baR-R&-g5n',  a  village  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
35  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  estuary  of  the 
La  Plata.  Pop.  575.  It  is  one  of  the  points  of  discharge 
and  lading  for  ships  trading  with  Buenos  Ayres. 

En'sham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  6  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Witney.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  very 
curious  ancient  cross,  and  remains  of  an  abbey. 

Ensinal,  a  county  of  Texas.    See  Encinal. 

Ensisheim,  en'sis-hime\  or  Ensheim,  ^ns'hime,  a 
town  of  Alsace,  on  the  111,  15  miles  S.  of  Colmar.  It  has 
manufactures  of  leather  and  straw  hats.     Pop.  2981. 

Ensival,  4n'se-vil,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  on 
the  Vesdre,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Spa.  Pop.  4045.  It  is  a 
suburb  of  Verviers. 

Ens'ley,  a  post-township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich,,  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  and  forests  of  oak  and  pine.     Pop.  877. 

En'terline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Halifax.     It  haa  a  church  and  a  store. 

En'terprise,  a  post-village  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Elba.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  H 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  13  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Oroville.     It  has  several  stores,  Ac. 


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1129 


EPE 


Enterprise,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  St.  John's  River  and  Lake  Monroe,  40  miles  by  rail 
!  N.W.  of  Titusville.  It  is  a  place  of  winter  resort,  and  has 
■everal  hotels,  4  churches,  manufactures  of  lumber,  orange- 
and  vegetable-crates,  and  cigars,  and  a  valuable  sulphur 
spring.  It  is  the  head  of  regular  steamboat  navigation. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Snterprise^a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  111.,  about  44 
miles  E.  of  Centralia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Luce  township,  on  the  Ohio,  25  miles  above  Evansville. 

Enterprise,  Switzerland  oo.,  Ind.    See  East  Entbr- 

PRI8E. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  River,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Abilene.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  a  public  school, 
flour-mills,  vinegar-works,  brick-yards,  maonine-works,  a 
creamery,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  804. 

Enterprise,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Catahoula  parish,  La. 

Enterprise,  a  township,  Jackson  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  328. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Chickasawha  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meridian,  and  120  miles  from 
Mobile.  It  has  separate  schools  for  white  and  colored,  7 
flhurcbes,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
boots,  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Enterprise,  Clarke  co..  Mo.    See  Union. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hooking  co.,  C,  about 
lies  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Logan. 

'nterprise,  a  hamlet  of  Preble  oo.,  C,  about  20  miles 
.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 
nterprise,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wallowa  co., 
igon,  about  30  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Union,  It  has  a 
k,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  4  or  5 
miles  E.  of  Titusville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  has  produced  some  petroleum. 

Enterprise,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Berkeley  co.,  S.C.,  on  a  navigable  inlet,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Charleston. 

Enterprise,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
20  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores  and  business  houses. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Jackson's  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Centreville.  It 
contains  a  saw-mill,  a  cheese- factory,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Enterprise  Junction,  a  station  in  Northumberland 
oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Read- 
ing Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Shamokin,  at  the  junction  of  a 
railroad  extending  some  2  miles  S.W.  to  the  Enterprise 
ooal-mines. 

Entlebuch,  Snt'I'a-bSSk^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Lucerne,  in  a  valley  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
Little  Emmen,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  2938. 

Entrague,  6N»Hrig',  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2505. 

Entraigues,  or  Entraygues,  6N>"'traig',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aveyron,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Espalion,  on  the  Lot. 
Pop.  2022.  Entraigues  is  also  the  name  of  villages  in  the 
departments  of  IsSre,  NiSvre,  and  Vaucluse. 

Entrecasteaax,  fiNt'r^klsHo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Var,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Brignolles.     Pop.  1949. 

Entre-Deux-Mers,  ftxt'r-duh-maiR  (anc.  Bimaria*), 
a  vine-country  of  France,  department  of  Gironde,  between 
the  Dordogne  and  the  Garonne. 

Entre-Douro-e-Minho,  in  Portugal.    See  Minho. 

Entre  Rios,  in'tri  ree'oce  {i.e.,  "between  the  rivers"), 
a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  between  the  rivers 
Uruguay  and  Parand  (whence  its  name),  having  E.  the 
republic  of  Uruguay,  on  the  W.  the  provinces  of  Santa  F6 
and  Buenos  Ayres,  and  on  the  N.  the  province  of  Corrientes. 
Estimated  area,  45,000  square  miles.  Surface  alternately 
swampy  and  in  wide  prairies,  on  which  large  herds  of  cattle 
and  horses  wander ;  its  S.  part  is  an  alluvial  plain,  annually 
inundated.  Climate  equable  and  healthy ;  there  is  no  frost. 
Cultivation  is  very  limited.  The  principal  products  are 
hides,  horns,  tallow,  and  jerked  beef.  Capital,  Bajada  de 
SanU  F6.     Pop.  in  1887  (official  estimate),  300,000. 

Entrevaux,  fiNt'rVo',  a  village  of  France,  Basses-Alpes, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Castellanne.     Pop.  1521. 

Entre velez,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Tkevklez. 
72 


Entringen,  in'tring-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  in 
the  Black  Forest,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Herrenberg.     Pop.  1105. 

Entry  (en'tree)  Island,  Kapito,  k&'pee-to,  or  Ka- 
piti,  k&'pee-tee,  an  island  of  New  Zealand,  in  Cook  Strait. 
Lat.  40°  50'  S.;  Ion.  174°  45'  E. 

Entz,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Knz. 

E'nnmclaw,  a  post-village  of  King  co.,  Washington, 
about  35  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Tacoma,  and  about  56 
miles  S.E.  of  Seattle.  It  has  a  church  organization  and  a 
newspaper  office.  It  is  in  a  fine  lumber  region.  Hops  are 
grown  here.     Pop.  500. 

Envie,  6N»Vee'  (L.  In  vibiis  or  Invi«),  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  3327. 

Enyeng,  inlying',  a  village  of  Hungary,  10  miles  from 
Veszprim.     Pop.  2630. 

Enz,  or  Entz,  Snts,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg  and  Baden, 
rises  in  the  Black  Forest,  flows  N.E.  and  E.  past  Pforzheim, 
and  joins  the  Neckar  at  Besigheim. 

Enzberg,  Snts'bfiRG,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles 
W.  of  Vaihingen,  near  the  Enz.     Pop.  1204. 

Enzellee,  dn^zil'lee,  Enzilli,  dn^zil'lee,  or  Enzeli, 
Sn^zdl'ee,  written  also  Enzelle  and  Inzili,  a  seaport 
town  and  a  lake  of  Persia,  province  of  Qhilan.  The  town 
is  between  the  Caspian  and  the  lake,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Reshd. 
The  lake,  about  25  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  commu- 
nicates with  the  Caspian  immediately  E.  of  Enzellee,  of 
which  it  forms  the  port.  It  is  frequented  by  small  craft, 
larger  vessels  anchoring  in  the  Caspian,  opposite  the  town. 

Enzersdorf,  £nts'^rs-doRr,  or  Stadtel  (or  Gross) 
Enzersdorf,  stit't§l  Snts'^rs-doRf,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube,  8  miles  E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1158- 

Enzersdorf,  a  village  in  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa 
River,  about  4  miles  from  the  town  of  Fischa.     Pop.  1253. 

Enzersdorf  am  Gebirge,£nts'9rs-doRr&mga-beeB'- 
gh^h,  a  village  of  Austria,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Vienna. 
The  poet  Werner  was  born  here.     Pop.  1086. 

Enzilli,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Enzellee. 

Enzweihingen,  5nts-*i'hing-§n,  a  village  of  Wilr 
temberg,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Vaihingen,  on  the  Enz.     P.  1615. 

Eoa,  e-o'i,  Eooa,  e-oo'i,  or  Mid'delbnrg,  one  of 
the  Friendly  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  18®  19' 
S. ;  Ion.  175°  37'  W,  Circuit,  about  30  miles.  Its  sarface  is 
rocky  and  barren,  and  rises  to  600  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
was  discovered  by  Tasman  in  1643. 

Eo'la,  a  post-office  of  Du  Page  oo.,  111. 

Eola,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  Willamette 
River,  4=^  miles  W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  3  warehouses  for  grain. 

Eolia,  e-o'le-a,  a  village  of  Tallahatchee  co.,  Miss.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Harrison  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eors-Tisza,  i^oRsh'-tee'sSh^  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Heves,  about  6  miles  from  Tisza-Fiired.     Pop.  1184. 

Epacto,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Lepanto. 

Epaignes,  i-piii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure,  5i 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  1729. 

Epanomeria,  i-p3,-no-mi-ree'i,  a  town  in  the  island 
of  Santorini,  Grecian  Archipelago,  situated  on  the  face  of 
the  cliffs  of  the  N.W.  promontory  of  the  island.  The  houses 
are  ranged  one  over  another  from  15  to  20  deep,  the  whole 
surrounded  by  numerous  windmills,  perched  on  the  very 
top  of  the  cliff.  Many  of  the  dwellings  are  excavations  in 
the  rock ;  others  are  built  above  them,  some  with  arched 
roofs,  others  flat,  the  lower  tier  full  400  feet  above  the  waters 
of  the  gulf;  the  strata  below  are  perpendicular,  and  of  a 
bright  red  and  black  lava,  with  scoriffi.  The  town  is  ap- 
proached by  a  zigzag  road  cut  into  the  cliffs,  and  has  a  very 
striking  appearance,  the  houses  towering  on  high  far  above 
the  mast-heads  of  the  largest  ships. 

Epe,  i'p§h,  or  Eep,  aip,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  26  miles  N.  of  Arnhem.  Pop.,  including 
adjoining  hamlets,  7578. 

Ep^hy,  i'pi)ee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  P^ronne.     Pop.  2030. 

Epeiros,  a  country  of  Greece.     See  Epirus. 

Eperies,  i'p4're-8sh',  or  Heperjes,  hi^pSR^ySsh'  (L. 
Epe'rise),  a  town  of  Hungary,  r.n  the  Tarcza,  an  affluent  of 
the  Theiss,  143  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pesth,  It  is  one  of 
the  best-built  towns  of  Upper  Hungary,  is  surrounded  by 
walls  and  gardens,  has  town  halls,  Catholic  and  Lutheran 
gymnasiums,  an  episcopal  library,  and  manufactures  of 
linens  and  woollens,  earthenware,  and  beer.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Catholic  bishop  of  the  Ruthenian  rite.  Near  it  are 
chalybeate  springs  and  a  salt-mine.     Pop.  10,772. 

Epernay,  i'pjR^nA'  (L.  A'qnx  Peren'nea),  a  to'wn  of 
France.  jNIarne,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Marne,  21  milei 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Chaions-sur-Marne.     It  is  an  entrepOt 


EPE 


1130 


EBA 


for  Champagne  wines,  which  are  kept  in  vaults  in  the  chalk 
rock  on  which  the  town  is  built.  Epernay  has  a  public 
library,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  casks,  Ac.    P.  15,414. 

JEpernon,  i^p6R^n6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1993. 

Epes  (eps)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  on  the  Alabama  &  Chatta- 
nooga Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Livingston.  Here  is  a 
railroad  bridge  across  the  river. 

£pfig,  Sp'fio,  a  town  of  Alsace,  6i  miles  N.  of  Schlett- 
Btadt.     Pop.  2573. 

£phesuS)  £f'e-sus  (Gr.  'E^etrot),  a  famous  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  the  ruins  of  which  exist  on  the  banks  of  the  Cayster, 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  35  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Smyrna.  Its  remains  comprise  a  magnificent  the- 
atre, a  stadium  687  feet  in  length,  ancient  walls  and  towers 
of  the  Greek,  Roman,  and  Byzantine  periods,  and  remains 
of  the  famous  temples  of  Diana.  These  remains,  with  many 
other  objects  of  great  historical  value,  were  brought  to  light 
by  excavations  made  by  Mr.  J.  T.  Wood,  1868-74.  Ephe- 
Bus  was  anciently  the  capital  and  one  of  the  twelve  cities  of 
Ionia,  and  had  one  of  the  seven  Christian  churches  founded 
by  the  apostles.  Subsequently  a  Mohammedan  city  was 
erected  out  of  the  ruins  of  the  former,  but  it  has  also  fallen 
into  utter  decay.  Only  a  few  scattered  villages  now  remain, 
the  principal  of  which  is  Atasoolook,  and  the  sea  has  re- 
tired and  left  its  ancient  port  a  desolate  marsh. 

Ephraim,  e'fra-Im,  or  Ephraim  City,  a  post-town 
of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Manti. 
It  is  near  a  branch  of  the  Sevier  River,  and  near  the  W. 
base  of  the  Wahsatch  Range,  and  has  3  churches,  academies, 
flour-,  grist-,  and  planing-mills,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce. 

Ephraini)  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  on  Green 
Bay,  about  38  miles  N.E.  of  Oconto.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eph'rata,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  shirts,  cigars,  water-wheels,  and  cigar- 
boxes.  Pop.  4779.  The  monastery  of  the  "  Seventh-Day 
Baptists"  is  situated  near  the  borough  limits. 

Ephra'tah,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ephra> 
tah  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Fort  Plain,  and  12  miles  W.  of 
Fonda.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, a  cheese-factory,  a  planing-mill,  a  mitten-factory,  and 
a  feed-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Epidamnus,  an  ancient  name  of  Durazzo. 

Epidaurus,  dp^e-daw'riis,  Epidauro,  Sp-e-d&v'ro,  or 
Pidavro,  pee'div-ro,  a  seaport  village  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  nome  and  23  miles  E.  of  Argos,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Mgina,.  Here  are  interesting  ruins  of  the  ancient  town. 
It  was  the  place  where  the  first  Greek  congress  assembled 
in  1821.  The  remains  of  Epidaurus  Limera  exist  in  La- 
conia,  on  the  ^gean,  3  miles  N.  of  Monemvasia. 

Epila,  ^-pee'l&  (anc.  Byop'olia  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  22 
miles  W.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Jalon.     Pop.  3780. 

Epiuac,  i^pee^nik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Saftne-et- 
Loire,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Autun.  It 
has  extensive  coal-  and  iron-mines.     Pop.  1670. 

Epinal)  &^pee^n3,l',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Vosges,  on  both  sides  of  the  Moselle,  and  on 
the  railway  de  I'Est,  190  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paris.  It  is  gen- 
erally well  built,  and  has  a  ruined  castle,  and  several  large 
and  fine  public  edifices,  including  a  prefecture,  a  theatre,  a 
public  library,  and  a  museum  of  paintings  and  antiquities. 
It  is  the  seat  of  manufactures  of  embroidery,  lace,  linen 
fabrics  and  thread,  hosiery,  earthenware,  oil,  paper,  and 
oh^ical  products.     Pop.  13,827. 

Epinay,  i^pee^ni',  the  name  of  several  communes  and 
villages  of  France,  the  principal  being  in  the  department 
of  Seine,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris,  and  comprising  many 
handsome  country  villas.     Pop.  1290. 

Epiuay-sur-Orge,  i^pee^ni'-siiR-OBzh,  a  village  of 
Prance,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paris. 

Epiphania,  the  ancient  name  of  Hahah. 

Epirns,  e-pi'rus  (Gr. 'Hirecpos,  "mainland"),  a  country 
of  ancient  Greece,  corresponding  to  the  S.  portion  of  Al- 
bania, in  which  it  is  now  included.    The  name  was  given 

to  distinguish  it  from  the  islands  off  the  W.  coast. 

Inhab.  Epi'bot  or  Epi'rote. 

Eporedia)  the  ancient  name  of  Ivrea. 

Ep'pard's  Point,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111. 
Pop.  861.     It  contains  Ocoya. 

Eppendorf,  fip'p§n-doRr,  a  village  in  the  territory  and 
"i  miles  N.  of  Hamburg,  on  the  Alster.     Pop.  1959. 

Ep'person,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

Epperson,  a  station  on  the  Rockford,  Rook  Island  &, 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Bushnell,  111. 


Epperson  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Macon  co., 
Tenn.,  20  miles  from  Gallatin.  It  has  a  church,  5  or  mere 
mineral  springs,  a  tannery,  <fcc. 

Ep'ping,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  London,  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  much  visited 
in  summer.  The  royal  forest  of  Epping  still  boasts  of  beau- 
tiful woodland  scenery.  Area,  60,000  acres.  The  river 
Roding  divides  Epping  Forest  from  the  forest  of  Hainault 
on  the  S,E.,  but  the  latter  has  been  disatforested.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2275. 

Ep'ping,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Epping  township,  on  the  Lamprey  River,  and  on  two  rail- 
roads, 23  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Manchester,  and  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  shoes,  <fec. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1721. 

Eppingen,  Sp'ping-?n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  E1- 
senz,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  3274. 

Epps,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  263. 

Eppstein,  Spp'stine,  a  village,  with  a  mineral  spring 
and  a  ruined  castle,  in  Nassau,  Prussia,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Konigstein.     Pop.  684. 

Ep'som  (Anglo-Saxon,  Ehhtham),  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Surrey,  14  miles  S.W.  of  London,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion. It  has  a  town  hall  and  a  national  school.  Epsom  is 
famous  for  its  medicinal  spa,  from  which  the  sulphate  of 
magnesia  takes  the  name  of  Epsom  salts,  but  chiefly  for 
its  races,  which  are,  especially  on  the  Derby  day,  more  nu- 
merously attended  than  any  other  in  the  kingdom.  Pop. 
of  parish,  6276. 

Ep'som,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  13  mile* 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Washington.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  saw- 
mill, and  several  general  stores  and  business  bouses. 

Epsom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in  Ep- 
som township,  on  the  Suncook  River,  about  10  miles  (direct) 
E.  of  Concord,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Hooksett. 
It  has  a  church,  saw-mills,  grist-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  shoes  and  boxes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  815. 

Epsom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vance  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles  (di- 
rect) S.E.  of  Henderson,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Epte,  5pt  (L.  Ep'ta),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Seine- 
Inf^rieure,  flows  S.  between  the  departments  of  Seine  and 
Euro  on  its  right  and  the  departments  of  Oise  and  Seine 
et-Oise  on  its  left,  and  joins  the  Seine  above  Vernon. 

Eptingen,  fip'ting-^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Basel-Land,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Basel,  in  a  mountainous 
district,  among  precipices  so  steep  that  in  winter  the  sun 
is  visible  only  about  mid-day.     Pop.  774. 

Ep'worth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  10  miles 
N.  of  Gainsborough.  John  Wesley  was  born  here  in  1703. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2295. 

jSp'worth,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dubuque  co., 
Iowa,  in  Taylor  township,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  $ 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Eqna,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vice  Eqdense. 

Eqnador,  a  republic  of  South  America.    See  EctrADOR. 

Equal'ity,  a  post-village  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about  12 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
high  school. 

Equality,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co.,  111.,  on  Saline 
River,  12  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Shawneetown.  It  has 
a  church,  coal-mines,  and  salt-works.     Pop.  662. 

Equality,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1427. 

Equality,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  17  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Anderson  Court-House.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  general  stores. 

Equateur,  or  Equator.     See  Ecuador. 

Equator,  Provinces  of  the.    See  Egypt. 

E'quinox  Mountain,  in  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  is  about 
2  miles  W.  of  Manchester.  It  rises  3872  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  and  is  a  beautiful  summer  resort.  Visitors 
can  ride  in  a  carriage  to  its  summit,  where  a  summer-house 
has  been  built. 

E'quinunk,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Honesdale.  The 
trains  of  the  Erie  Railroad  run  along  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river.     It  has  a  church. 

Eramo'sa,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.  of  Guelph.     Pop.  100. 

Erannoboas,  or  Eranoboas.    See  Sone. 

Eras'tus,  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga. 

Era'ta,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

E^rath',  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  ht» 
an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.   It  is  drained  by  Bosc 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Paloxy  Creek.     The  si 
face  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  diversified  by  fertile  prairies  ai 


an^^ 


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1131 


ERI 


Ibresta.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Great  numbers 
[)f  cattle  are  reared  here.  The  county  is  traversed  by  two 
lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Stephen ville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1301;  in  1880,  11,796;  in  1890,  21,594. 

£rb,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  from 
(Lltoona  to  Henrietta,  19  miles  from  Altoona. 
I    Erba,  dR'b&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  B. 
by  N.  of  Come,  near  the  Lodi.     Pop.  1724. 
I    Urbach,  dit'b&K,  a  river  of  Rhenish   Bavaria,  which 
passes  Deux-Ponts  and  joins  the.Bliese. 
I    Erbach)  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Mimling,  22  miles  by 
tail  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2657.     It  has  a  duoal  resi- 
Bonce,  with  interesting  collections  of  armor  and  antiquities. 
I    Erbach,  a  village  of  Prussia,  beautifully  situated  on 
;he  Rhine,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mentz.     At  a  short  dis- 
;ance  is  the  old  convent  of  Eberbach,  founded  by  St.  Ber- 
nard de  Clairvaux  in  1131,  now  used  as  a  prison  and  a 
unatic  asylum.     Pop.  1635. 

Erbach,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
)f  Ulm,  near  the  Danube,  with  a  parish  church  and  a  fine 
>ld  castle.     Pop.  1187. 

I   Erbendori,  8R'b§in-doRr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
pichtel  Naab,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1433. 
I   Erbesbudesheim,  fiK^b§s-boo'd§s-hime\  a  village  of 
Hesse,  in  Rhein-Hessen,  near  Alzey.  Pop.  815. 

Erbil,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Arbil. 
I   Erc6,  jR^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  12  miles  S.E. 
»f  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  960. 

1  Erc6-en-Lamee,  5K^si'-ftN=-lS,^mi',  a  village  of 
France,  Ille-et-Vilaine,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.  Pop.  321. 
I  Er'cildonn,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
B.  of  Coatesville.  It  has  a  church,  a  boarding-sohool  for 
jf(  ung  ladies,  and  2  Friends'  meetings. 
j   Ercildoune,  a  parish  of  Scotland.     See  Earlston. 

ErcolanO)  the  Italian  name  of  Herculaneum. 
j  Ercsi,  fiR^chee',  or  Ercseny,  fiRVhSn',  a  village  of 
9  ingary,  co.  of  Stuhlweissenburg,  on  the  Danube,  9i  miles 
!f  of  Adony.     Pop.  5540. 

Erdely-Orszag,  the  Hungarian  for  Transylvania. 

Erdeven,  SRdV5N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  291. 

Erdewich)  a  town  of  Slavonia.    See  Erdovesh. 

Erding,  SR'ding,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  20  miles  by 
jal  N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2755. 

I   Er'dington,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  4 
jailes  by  rail  E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  an  orphan -house 
jjii  a  college.     Pop.  4483. 
!  Ercyish,  a  Turkish  name  for  Arg^us. 
j   Erdod,  5RM6d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  55  miles  E.N.E. 
If  Debreczin.     It  has  glass-works.     Pop.  2256. 

Erdod,  fiRMod',  a  village  of  Slavonia,  co.  of  Verooz,  10 
niles  from  Eszek.     It  has  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 
I  Erdohegy,  flRMo'hSdj',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the 
(Fliite  Korbs,  8  miles  from  Simand.     Pop.  1770. 
I  Erddvegh,  fiR'doVfig',  or  Erdewich,  fiR'd^h-'ft-iK^  a 
»yn  of  Slavonia,  8  miles  from  Illok.     Pop.  2885. 

Erdre,  fiRd'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
o'vs  S.W.,  to  the  Loire  at  Nantes.     Length,  45  miles. 

Erebus,  Volcano  of.    See  Victoria  Land. 

Erech,  fir'etch,  or  Er'ich,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bandel- 
und,  on  the  Betwah,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Jhansi.  Lat.  25° 
9'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  2'  E. 

Eree,  or  Erih,  Sr'eeS  one  of  the  Suakin  Islands,  in  the 
led  Sea,  lat.  18°  10'  N.,  Ion.  28°  20'  E.,  4i  miles  long.  On 
tie  E.  part  are  the  ruins  of  Ptolemais  Theron. 

Ereglee,  Eregli,  Sr'§-glee',  or  Erekli,  ir^^-klee', 
written  also  Eregri  (anc.  Heracle'a  or  Heracle'ia),  a 
)i^n  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  128  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jonstantinople.  Lat.  41°  15'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  31°  28'  E.  It 
las  a  good  port  and  ship-building  yards.  It  exports  timber, 
ilk,  and  wax,  and  imports  colonial  produce,  tobacco,  and 
bn.  Pop.  2000.  Here  the  10,000  Greeks  under  Xenophon 
mbarked  on  their  return  to  Greece. 

Ereglee,  or  Eregli  (anc.  Archallat  or  Arehelaitf), 

town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Konieh,  with 
bout  800  poor  houses. 

Ereglee,  Eregli,  or  Es'kee  Ereglee  (ano.  Perin'- 
^««  or  Heracle'a),  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia, 
jn  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  53  miles  W.  of  Constantinople. 
!  Eregri,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Ereglee. 
;  Erembodegem,  flR-Sm-bd'di-gh^m,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, East  Flanders,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ghent.  P.  3770. 
;  Ere'tria  (Gr.  "EpeVpia),  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  on 
Jie  W.  coast  of  Euboea,  now  destroyed ;  but  of  New  Eretria, 
ome  distance  to  the  S.E.,  there  are  considerable  ruins. 
1  Erets,  or  Eretz,  k-rita',  a  fortified  town  of  Russian 
franscaucasia,  near  the  Koor,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shamaka. 


Erfurt,  or  Erfnrth,  in'tS6nt  (L.  Erphor'dia  and  Er- 
fur'tum),  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Gera, 
at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.  of  Gotha.  It  is  old  and 
irregularly  built.  Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral,  with  a 
famous  bell  weighing  275  cwt.,  numerous  churches,  an  Ur- 
suline  convent  and  girls'  school,  and  an  orphan  asylum, 
occupying  the  Augustine  convent  of  which  Luther  was  a 
member.  The  university  founded  here  in  1392  was  closed 
in  1816.  Erfurt  has  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  an 
academy  of  sciences,  scientific  and  literary  associations, 
museums,  a  botanic  garden,  a  public  library,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  shoes,  woollen  and  cotton  cloths,  leather, 
vinegar,  vermicelli,  and  pearl  barl^.     Pop.  (1890)  72,360. 

Erfurt,  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony, 
bounded  N.  by  Hanover  and  Brunswick,  N.E.  and  E.  by 
Merseburg,  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  and  Saxe- Weimar, 
S.  by  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  and 
Saxe-Meiningen,  and  W.  by  Hesse-Nassau.  Area,  1363 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875,  385,499.  It  is  very  irregular 
and  dislocated,  consisting  of  a  long  narrow  belt,  and  of  9 
enclaves  within  other  states.  The  surface  is  diversified.  It 
is  watered  by  numerous  streams  in  the  basin  of  the  Elbe. 
The  chief  minerals  are  coal,  iron,  copper,  silver,  cobalt,  lig- 
nite, limestone,  and  gypsum.  In  the  plains,  wheat,  pulse, 
oil-seeds,  hemp,  flax,  fruit,  and  dye-plants  are  grown. 

Er'furt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sullivan  township,  Jefi"erson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Bark  River,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Ergasteria,  or  Ergastiria,  Sr-g&s-tee're-i,  a  town 
of  Greece,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Attica,  opposite  the  island 
of  Macionisi,  7  miles  by  rail  from  the  mines  of  Laurium, 
and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Athens.  The  town  dates  from  1865, 
in  which  year  a  mining  company  settled  here,  having  ac- 
quired the  right  of  working  the  scoriae  of  the  silver-  and 
lead-mines  wrought  at  Laurium  by  the  ancient  Greeks. 
Attention  is  almost  exclusively  devoted  to  the  refuse  ore 
and  scoriae  left  from  the  old  mines,  which,  on  being  again 
subjected  to  smelting,  are  found  to  yield  10  per  cent,  of 
argentiferous  lead.  Ergasteria  has  many  furnaces,  and  a 
small  but  safe  port.  The  refuse  from  the  works  is  thrown 
into  the  sea  in  vast  quantities,  but  advantage  has  been  taken 
of  the  abundance  of  this  material  to  construct  a  pier  and  a 
quay.     Coal  and  coke  are  imported  from  England.     P.  3000. 

Ergenzingen,  5R'ghfint-sing^§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg, 6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rottenburg.     Pop.  1323. 

Ergree  Kastree,  a  Turkish  name  of  Argyro-Castro. 

Er'hard's  Grove,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  275. 

Er'hart,  a  post-oflSce  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land &  Tuscarawas  Valley  Railroad,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elyria. 
Its  station-name  is  Eharte. 

Ericeira,  i-re-si'e-rft,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  near  the  Atlantic,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Lisbon.  Pop. 
2091,  mostly  fishers. 

Erich,  a  town  of  India.    See  Erech. 

Er'icht,  a  river  of  Scotland,  E.  of  the  co.  of  Perth, 
flowing  into  the  Isla.     See  Loch  Ericht. 

Ericson,  or  Erickson,  fir'Ik-son,  a  post-township  oi 
Renville  co.,  Minn.,  24  miles  S.  of  Willmar.     Pop.  180. 

E'rie,  Lake,  one  of  the  five  great  lakes  drained  by  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  It  is  the  most  shallow  of 
these  great  depressions  in  the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  is  chiefly  supplied  with  water  which  comes  from  Lakes 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron  through  the  Detroit  River. 
These  five  great  lakes  constitute  the  largest  collection  of 
fresh  water  on  the  globe.  Lake  Erie  washes  the  coasts  of 
Ohio,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania,  which  it  separates  from 
the  British  province  of  Ontario.  It  is  about  240  miles  long, 
and  has  a  mean  breadth  of  40  miles,  the  greatest  breadth 
being  about  58  miles.  The  greatest  ascertained  depth  is 
said  to  be  270  feet,  and  the  mean  depth  not  more  than  120 
feet.  The  surl'ace  is  elevatedJ565  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  It  has  an  area  of  about  9000  square  miles.  "  The  basin 
of  Lake  Erie,"  says  Professor  Hall,  "  is  in  the  bottom  of  a 
deep  valley  of  erosion  ;  and  on  its  eastern  and  southeastern 
side,  at  the  distance  of  4  to  8  miles,  an  escarpment  of  the 
higher  rocks  rises  to  an  elevation  of  from  500  to  800  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  lake.  The  oomiferous  limestone  formi 
the  northern  margin  of  this  lake  for  many  miles,  and,  dip- 
ping southward,  probably  forms  its  bed,  as  the  small  depth 
of  the  lake  appears  to  indicate."  The  largest  affluents  of 
this  lake,  besides  the  Detroit  River,  are  the  Maumee,  San- 
dusky, Raisin,  and  Cuyah  oga  Rivers.  Its  water  is  discharged 
through  the  Niagara  River,  which  issues  from  the  north- 
eastern end  of  the  lake.  The  principal  towns  and  harbors  on 
this  very  important  channel  of  commerce  are  Buffalo,  Cleve- 
land. Toledo,  Erie,  Sandusky,  and  Dunkirk.    The  Erie  Canal 


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enends  from  Buffalo  to  Albany,  and  connects  this  lake  with 
the  Hudson  River.  The  navigation  is  closed  by  ice  for 
several  months  in  winter.  Violent  storms  prevail  here  in 
some  seasons  of  the  year,  especially  in  November  and  De- 
cember, often  accompanied  with  disastrous  shipwrecks. 

£rie,  a  county  in  the  west  part  of  New  York,  has  an 
area  of  about  996  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Tonawanda  Creek,  on  the  S.  by  Cattaraugus  Creek,  and 
on  the  W.  by  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara  River.  It  is  also 
drained  by  Buffalo  and  Cayuga  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
partly  undulating  and  partly  level,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  ash,  elm,  beech,  sugar-maple,  oak,  <fcc. ;  the 
Boil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  grain  and  pasturage.  Oats, 
hay,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  good  hydraulic  lime- 
stone or  cement,  and  quarries  of  corniferous  limestone,  a 
valuable  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by  10  rail- 
roads, among  which  are  the  Grand  Trunk,  the  Michigan 
Central,  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  Western 
New  York  &  Pennsylvania,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western,  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River,  the  Erie, 
and  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern.  The  Erie  Canal 
terminates  at  Buffalo,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870,  178,699;  in  1880,  219,884;  in  1890,  322,981. 

£rie,  a  county  in  the  northern  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected  by  Huron  and  Vermilion 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  chestnut  and  sugar-maple. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  quarries  of  fine  limestone  suitable  for  build- 
ing. I^  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  San- 
dusky, the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  28,188 ;  in  1880,  32,640  ; 
in  1890,  35,462. 

£rie,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  drained  by  Conneaut  and 
French  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  dense  forests.  A  ridge  of  moderate  height 
extends  nearly  parellel  with  the  efhore  of  Lake  Erie.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  contains  much  clay,  and  is  adapted  to  dairy- 
farming.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  butter,  hay,  wheat,  lumber, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  The  rock  which  lies 
next  to  the  surface  is  Devonian  sandstone.  Iron  is  also 
found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  the  New  York,  Chicago  &,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the 
Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Erie.  Pop.  in  1870, 
65,973;  in  1880,  74,688;  in  1890,  86,074. 
£rie,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 
£rie)  a  post-village  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  26  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  W.  of  Denver,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Boulder.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  gen- 
eral business  stores  and  houses.  Pop.  in  1890,  662.  Here 
are  rich  coal-mines,  from  which  500  tons  of  coal  are  shipped 
daily. 

£rie)  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  in  Erie  town- 
ship, near  Rock  River,  28  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Rock 
Island.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  535. 

Erie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  E. 
of  Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

Erie,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S.  by  the 
Wabash,  and  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Pop.  678. 
£rie)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Neosho  River,  and  in  Erie  township,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Parsons,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture.  Pop.  1176 ;  of  the  township, 
2296. 

EriC)  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Erie  town- 
ship, li  miles  W.  of  Vienna  Station,  10  miles  S.  of  Monroe, 
and  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  graded  school.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1463. 

Erie,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.,  in  Erie  town- 
ship, about  34  miles  S.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  615. 

Erie,  township,  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  Lake  Erie.  Pop.  455. 
Erie,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  Erie  co.. 
Pa.,  is  on  Lake  Erie,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo,  95  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  148  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  341 
miles  by  railroad  from  Harrisburg.  Lat.  42°  8'  N. ;  Ion. 
80°  8'  W.     It  ha«  a  safe,  landlocked  harbor,  which  is  4 


miles  long  by  1  mile  wide,  and  is  protected  by  the  island 
of  Presque  Isle,  on  which  2  light-houses  have  been  erected. 
Large  sums  are  annually  appropriated  by  Congress  for  the 
improvement  of  the  harbor.  Erie  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Buffalo, 
Cleveland,  and  Chicago  by  rail ;  it  is  also  a  terminus  of  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad.  It  is  lighted  by  electricity, 
and  natural  gas  is  found  in  Erie  and  its  suburbs.  The 
water-works  system  of  Erie  is  valued  at  $1,500,000.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  an  opera-house,  a  custom-house,  a 
city  hall,  30  churches,  a  high  school,  an  academy,  a  con- 
vent, a  Catholic  orphan-house  and  hospital,  4  national 
banks  and  2  private  banks,  several  oil-refineries,  tanneries, 
piano-factories,  planing-mills,  steam  flouring-mills,  and 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  numerous  articles,  including 
railroad-cars,  engines  and  boilers,  and  all  kinds  of  iron, 
steel,  brass,  and  wood  products.  Four  daily,  3  Sunday, 
and  8  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  steam- 
boats ply  regularly  between  this  place  and  other  ports  on 
the  great  lakes.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  coal,  oil, 
iron,  and  manufactured  products.  The  lake  imports  in- 
clude flour,  iron  ore,  lumber,  <&o.  Erie  is  the  see  of  a  Cath- 
olic bishop.  Pop.  in  1860,  9419 ;  in  1870,  19,646 ;  in  1880, 
27,737  ;  in  1890,  40,634. 

Erie,  or  Blue  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Loudon  co., 
Tenn.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.    It  has  2  churches. 

E'rieville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Nel- 
son township,  on  the  West  Shore  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, 2  cheese-factories,  and  a  reservoir  for  the  Erie  Canal. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Erigon,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Vistritz. 

Erih,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea.     See  Eree. 

Eriha,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Jericho. 

Erin,  the  ancient  name  of  Ireland. 

E'rin,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  oo.,  6a.,  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Stephenson  co.,  HI.  Pop.  877.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Eleroy. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  St 
Clair.     Pop.  2443. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  664. 

Erin,  a  hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  about  44  miles  W. 
of  Aberdeen. 

Erin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Erin 
township,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  13  milei 
N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese  and  lumber,  and  near  it  is  a  mineral  spring  of  some 
repute.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1561. 

Erin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn.,  ii 
near  the  Cumberland  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of 
Clarksville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  college,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  wagon-factory,  a  stove-factory,  Ac.    Pop.  79?. 

Erin,  a  station  in  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  <k  Georgia  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  KnoxvUlc. 

Erin,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  in  Erin  Prairie 
township,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  stores. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Wis.  Pop.  1183. 
Post-office,  Toland's  Prairie. 

Erin,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  river  Credit,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guelph.  It 
contains  a  woollen-factory,  saw-,  grist-,  and  lath-mills 
stave-  and  potash -factories,  a  tannery,  lime-  and  freestone 
quarries,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  600. 

ErinO'Kastro,  5r'e-no-kis'troor4r-e-no'-k3,s-tro  (anc. 
Thes'piaf),  a  village  of  Greece,  government  and  10  miles 
W.  of  Thebes,  on  the  slope  of  Mount  Zagros  (anc.  Eel'icon). 

Erin  Prairie,  township,  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1203. 

Erin  Shades,  shadz,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Erin  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  105  miles  W.  of  Caddo.     It  has  a  church. 

E'rinville,  a  post- village  in  Guysborough  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  18  miles  from  Guysborough.     Pop.  100. 

Erisay,  5r'e-si\  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  between  Harrii 
and  North  Uist. 

Eriskay,  5r'is-ki\  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  imme- 
diately S.  of  South  Uist,  2  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  8. 
It  is  the  place  where  Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart  first 
landed,  in  1745. 

Erivan,  fir-e-v&n'  (Rubs.  pron.  y4r-yf-vin';  L.  Eriva'- 
no),  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of 
its  own  name,  on  the  Zenghi,  an  affluent  of  the  Araxes,  115 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Tifiis.  It  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  large  bazaar, 
several  Armenian  churches,  an  Armenian  convent,  a  Greek 
church,  mosques,  and  curious  aqueducts.  Near  it  is  a  cita- 
del on  a  scarped  rock,  in  which  are  the  governor's  residence, 


ERI 


1133 


ERW 


fine  mosque,  a  cannon-foundry,  and  barracks.  It  has  some 
lanufactures  of  cotton  stuffs,  leather,  and  earthenware,  is 

station  for  caravans  from  Tifiis  and  Erzroom,  and  has  con- 

lerable  trade  with  Russia  and  Turkey.     It  was  taken  by 

le  Russians  in  1827.     Pop.  15,040. 

I  £rivan,  a  government  of  Russia,   in   Transcaucasia, 

brmerly  a  part  of  Armenia,  is  bounded  W.  by  Turkey  and 

'.  by  Persia.     Area,  10,670  square  miles.    Capital,  Erivan. 

'op.  547,693. 

!  Erivati,  the  former  name  of  the  Irrawaddt. 

j  £rjish,  a  Turkish  name  for  ARGiEUS. 

Erkelenz,  fin'k^h-lSnts^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  Pop.  4183,  en- 
jaged  in  linen-weaving  and  lace-making. 

£rkene,  fiK'ki^ni,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  having 
,8  sources  in  the  Little  Balkan  Mountains,  near  Viza,  lat. 
1°  30'  N.,  Ion.  27°  40'  E.  It  flows  first  S.S.W.  for  about 
8  or  20  miles,  then  turns  W.  by  N.  and  falls  into  the 
[aritza  at  Jezar  Erkene,  lat.  41°  30'  N.,  Ion.  26°  35'  E. 
ength,  60  miles. 

I  Erkenek,  dR'ki-nik\  a  village  and  pass  in  Mount 
aurus,  in  Asiatic  Turkey ;  the  pass  is  45  miles  N.E.  of 
wmeisat,  on  the  Euphrates;  elevation,  3828  feet. 

Erlach,  Sr'IIk  (Fr.  Cerlier, ai^'^le-i'),  a  town  of  Swit- 
prland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the  Lake  of  Bienne,  24  miles 
f  .N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  685. 

I  Eriangen,  fiu'l&ng-en,  orErlang,  jR'ling,  a  town  of 
Ifivaria,  1 1  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Nuremberg.  It  is  walled, 
id  divided  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  which  latter  is 
fee  of  the  best-built  places  in  Germany.  Here  is  the  only 
fiotestant  university  in  Bavaria,  founded  in  1743.  This 
pititution  has  faculties  of  theology,  medicine,  and  arts, 

iiseums  of  natural  history,  a  library  of  110,000  volumes, 
id  a  botanic  garden.  The  town  has  manufactures  of  wool- 
n  goods,  hosiery,  hats,  gloves,  and  leather,  a  plate-glass- 
otory,  breweries,  and  an  active  trade  in  cattle.  Pop.  in 
fe'6,  13,597;  in  1890,  17,565. 

Erlau,  4r'16w  (Hun.  Eger,  i^gaiR'),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
a  )ital  of  the  co.  of  Heves,  on  the  Erlau  or  Eger,  67  miles 
y  rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.  It  is  entered  by  six  gates,  and  has 
I  jathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  a  diocesan  lyceum  with  a 
jbrary  and  observatory,  a  gymnasium,  high  schools,  and 
jarious  public  institutions.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade 
a  fine  red  wines  raised  in  its  vicinity,  and  has  also  manu- 
jMtures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  (1890)  22,156. 

Erlbach,  dRl'b&K,  or  Markt-Erlbach,  maRkt-^Rl'- 
!&s,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle  Franconia,  16  miles 
r.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1264. 

Erienbach)  dR'l^n-bSs^  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
)ii  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Simmen  River,  at  the 
Kt  of  the  Stockorn  Mountain.  Pop.  1440. 
I  Brmatingen,  fiR'mi-ting^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
Witon  of  Thurgau,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Untersee,  4  miles 
jr.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1732. 

I  Ermeland,  flR'm^h-lint^  (L.  War'mia;  Fr.  Warmie, 
laa'mee'),  an  old  division  of  Poland,  now  comprised  in  the 
^russian  government  of  Konigsberg.  It  is  a  Catholic  dio- 
Bse,  with  the  bishop's  see  at  Frauenburg. 
I  Ermelo,  4R^meh-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
lelderland,  4  miles  S.  of  Harderwick.     Pop.  1011. 

Ermenonville,fiR^m9h-n6N»Veel',a  village  of  France, 
b  Oise,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Senlis.     Pop.  438. 
I  Erment,  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Arment. 
I  Ermineeyeh,  or  Erminiyeh.    See  Armenia. 
i  Ermont,  SR^m6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
♦ise,  9i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris.     Pop.  647. 
I  Ermsleben,  ^Rms'li-b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
n  the  Selke,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Ballensfadt.     Pop.  2965. 
I  Erne,  §rn,  a  river  and  two  celebrated  lakes  of  Ireland, 
b  Ulster.   The  river  issues  from  Lake  Ganny,  co.  of  Cavan, 
Ind,  flowing  N.,  merges  into  Upper  and  Lower  Lough  Erne, 
nd  thence  flows  into  Donegal  Bay.     Near  Ballyshannon  it 
srms  a  fine  cataract.     The  scenery  on  its  banks  and  on  its 
wo  lakes  is  magnificent.     United  length  of  the  two  lakes 
»nd  their  connecting  river,  about  60  miles.    The  lakes  are 
Kudded  with  numerous  islets. 

j  Ernee,  fiR^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  on  an 
iflBuent  of  the  Mayenne,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laval.  It  has 
i  college  and  manufactures  of  needles.  Pop.  3785. 
I  Ernestown  (^mz'tSwn)  Station,  a  post-village  in 
.  [jennox  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingston.  It 
tontains  a  woollen-factory.  Pop.  150. 
J  Ernsdorf,  jRns'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 
n  the  circle  of  Breslau  and  district  of  Reichenbach.  Pop, 
1878.     It  has  cotton-mills. 

Ernstbrnnn,  ^Rnst'broSn,  or  Ehrensbrnnn^&'rfns- 
»rS8n\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  12  miles 


N.  of  Eomeuburg.  About  2  miles  N.W.,  on  a  height, 
stands  the  castle  of  Ernstbrunn.     Pop.  841. 

Ernsthal,  dRns't&I,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Zwickau.     Pop.  3887.    It  has  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Ernst'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  and  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Cherry  Run. 

Erpel,  Sr'p^I,  a  town  of  Prussia,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
blentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  993. 

Erpfingen,  iRp'fing-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  10 
miles  S.  of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  803. 

Erphordia,  a  Latin  name  of  Erfcrt. 

£r-Ram,  a  village  of  Palestine.     See  Rahah. 

£r-Rasheed,  the  Arabic  for  Rosetta,  in  Egypt. 

Er'ris,  a  maritime  district  of  Ireland,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  CO.  of  Mayo,  with  a  singularly  wild  and  desolate 
mountain-scenery.     Pop.  17,953. 

Er'rishead,  a  lofty  promontory  in  the  above  district, 
forms  the  W.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Broadhaven. 

Erroad,  er^rod',  a  town  of  India,  in  Madras,  55  miles 
N.E.  of  Coimbatoor.     Lat.  11°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  45'  E. 

Er'rol,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  on  the  Tay, 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dundee. 

Er'rol,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  is  boundec- 
on  the  E.  by  Umbagog  Lake,  and  drained  by  Androscoggit 
River.     Pop.  178. 

Er'rol,  a  post- village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Huron,  12  miles  E.  of  Point  Edward.     Pop.  100. 

Er^roman'ga,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides,  where 
the  missionary  Williams  was  murdered.  It  is  about  as  large 
as  Tanna,  but  not  so  mountainous.  The  principal  anchorage 
is  Dillon's  Bay.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  supposed  to 
be  about  2000.    See  New  Hebrides. 

Erronan,  drVo-n&n',  or  Footoona,  foo-too'n&,  an 
island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  New  Hebrides.  Lat.  19°  31' 
S. ;  Ion.  170°  8'  E. 

Erroob,  in  Australia.    See  Darnley  Island. 

Erroor',  a  small  maritime  town  of  British  India,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Calicut. 

Ersek-Ujvar,  fir^shSk'-oo^e-vaR',  or  Neuh&nsel) 
noi'hoi^s?!,  a  town  of  Hungary,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Sellye,  on  the  Neutra.  Pop.  9483.  It  has  a  Franciscan  and 
a  normal  school. 

Ers'kine,  a  station  on  the  Evansville  <fc  Crawfordsvillu 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  Ind. 

Erskine,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pomp- 
ton  township,  on  Ringwood  River,  and  on  the  Ringwood 
Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  sometimes  called  Boardville.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Erstein,  ^R'stlne,  a  town  of  Alsace,  on  the  111,  12  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
cordage,  tobacco,  tiles,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  3662. 

Ertingen,  8B'ting-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  milea 
by  rail  S.  of  Riedlingen.     Pop.  1931. 

£rtvaag-de,  5Rt'vog-8'fih,  an  island  of  Norway.  Lat. 
63°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  20'  E.  Length  and  breadth,  about  12 
miles  each. 

Ertvelde,  fiRtVSl'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3050. 

Ernslan,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yeroslan. 

Eruthra  Thalassa,  the  Greek  for  the  Red  Sea. 

Ervaz,  4R-vits',  or  Ervazze,  fiR-vit'si,  a  village  of 
Austria,  in  Dalmatia,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Spalato,  near  the 
Cettina. 

Er'vin,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  in  Irvin 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Logansport,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Kokomo.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1316. 

£r'Ting,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in  Ervin^ 
township,  on  Miller's  River,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Green- 
field. It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  sash, 
doors,  pails,  wooden  boxes,  piano-oases,  and  piano-legs. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  972. 

Ervy,  ^RVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  19  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Troyes.     Poj).  1675. 

Erwa,  flR'w4\  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  one  of  the 
Dhalak  group.     It  is  about  12  miles  in  circumference. 

Er'wash,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Nottingham,  falls 
into  the  Trent  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nottingham. 

Er'win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in  Camden 
township,  on  La  Moin  River,  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Erwin,  a  post-township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  3 
miles  W.  of  Corning,  is  drained  by  the  Conhocton  and 
Canisteo  Rivers,  which  unite  on  its  E.  border,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Erie  Railroad,  on  which  are  Erwin  Post-Offioe 


ERW 


1134 


ESC 


and  Station,  6  miles  W.  of  Corning.     It  has  manufactures  of 
bricks  and  lumber.     Pop.  2024. 

jBrwin,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

ErwiU)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn.,  16 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Johnson  City,  and  15  miles  (direct)  B. 
of  Greeneville.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
ofSce,  a  saw-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  300. 

Srwin'na^  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  about  20  miles  below  Easton. 

Sr'winsville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Shelby. 

Erythrseum  Mare.    See  Red  Sea. 

EryXf  the  ancient  name  of  Lerici. 

JBrzberg)  fiRts'bfiRO  ("ore  mountain"),  a  celebrated 
mining  district  of  Styria.  The  town  of  Eisenerz  lies  at  the 
foot  of  the  Erzberg  Mountain ;  and  here,  for  upwards  of  1000 
years,  extensive  iron-mines  have  been  in  operation.  On  the 
summit  of  the  mountain  an  iron  crucifix,  26  feet  in  elevation, 
was  erected  by  the  Archduke  John  in  1823.   See  Eisenerz. 

Erzen,  Ss'zdn  (anc.  Arziatio'rum  Op'pidumf  or  Thos'- 
pia  ?),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  85  miles  E.  of  Diarbekir, 
on  the  Erzen  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Tigris.  Near  it,  on 
the  E.,  is  the  small  lake  Thospitis. 

Erzengan,  dr^zen-g&n',  or  Erzingen,  £r^zin-gh£n',  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  a  plain  on  the  Euphrates,  75  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Erzroom.     It  is  said  to  comprise  3000  houses. 

Erzeronm,  or  Erzeram.    See  Erzroom. 

Erz-Gebirge^  ^Rts'ga-bggR'gh^h  ("oremountains")*  a, 
mountain-chain  of  Germany,  bounding  Saxoxiy  on  the  E. 
and  Bohemia  on  the  N.W.,  and  extending  from  the  Fichtel- 
berg  N.E.  to  the  Saxon  Switzerland.  Total  length,  about 
120  miles ;  average  breadth,  25  miles ;  average  height,  2500 
feet,  but  the  Schwarzwald  rises  to  4500  feet.  It  is  abrupt 
on  its  S.E.  side,  mostly  of  primary  formation,  and  yields 
numerous  metallic  ores,  whence  its  name. 

ErzingeU)  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Erzbkoan. 

Erzroom,  Erzroum,  Erzrum,  Erzeroum,  or 
Erzeram,  erzVoom',  written  also  Arzroom,  arz^room' 
(anc.  Arzen  f),  the  principal  city  of  Armenia,  in  Asiatic 
Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  the  same  name,  on  a  large 
elevated  plain  on  the  Kari-Soo,  or  W.  branch  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, 120  miles  S.E.  of  Trebizond,  and  155  miles  W.  of 
Mount  Ararat.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  a  wall  30  feet  high, 
and  has  an  extensive  citadel.  The  streets  are  narrow,  filthy, 
and  infested  with  dogs ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  mud,  tim- 
ber, or  sun-dried  bricks.  The  principal  buildings  are  the 
Armenian  and  Greek  churches  and  schools,  about  40  mosques, 
a  large  custom-house,  and  numerous  khans  or  caravansaries. 
It  has  a  Catholic  bishop  of  the  Armenian  rite.  Erzroom 
has  an  extensive  trade  with  all  the  adjacent  countries,  and 
is  a  chief  halting-station  for  caravans  going  from  Teheran 
to  Mecca.  The  imports  comprise  shawls,  silk,  cotton,  to- 
bacco, rice,  indigo,  madder,  and  rhubarb  from  the  E.,  and 
broadcloths,  chintzes,  shawls,  and  cutlery  from  the  W.  by 
way  of  the  Black  Sea.  Its  vicinity  is  extremely  fertile ;  and 
near  it  many  cattle,  horses,  mules,  and  sheep  are  reared, 
which,  with  furs,  galls,  Ac,  form  the  principal  exports. 
Erzroom  was  founded  about  415,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Arze,  under  the  name  of  Theodosiopolia ;  and  it  was  the 
bulwark  of  Armenia  under  the  Byzantines,  as  it  still  is  un- 
der the  Turks,  its  position  rendering  it  an  important  mili- 
tary post.  Erzroom  is  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  Ardz- 
Room,  i.e.,  "the  land  of  Rome;"  the  Turks  sometimes 
applying  the  name  Room  (or  Rome)  to  any  territory  that 
was  recognized  as  forming  a  part  of  the  ancient  Roman  or 
Byzantine  empire.     Pop.  estimated  from  55,000  to  100,000. 

Erzroom,  or  Erzroum,  a  vilayet  of  Armenia,  one 
of  the  great  subdivisions  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  mostly  between 
lat.  39°  and  41°  N.  and  Ion.  39°  and  44°  E.,  having  N.W. 
the  pashalic  of  Trebizond,  S.W.  and  S.  Karpoot,  Diarbekir, 
and  Van,  and  E.  and  N.E.  Persia  and  the  Russian  district 
of  Transcaucasia.  It  is  a  lofty  table-land,  elevation  esti- 
aiated  at  6000  feet,  and  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  by  several 
tnountain-chains,  and  contains  the  sources  of  the  Euphrates, 
A  raxes,  Koer,  and  Choruk  Rivers.  The  winter  and  spring 
climate  is  severe,  but  the  summer  heat  is  considerable.  It 
has  many  extensive  and  fertile  valleys,  producing  rye, 
barley,  flax,  and  fine  fruits,  and  rich  pasturages,  feeding 
numerous  herds  of  cattle,  Ac.  It  is  subdivided  into  the 
districts  of  Erzroom,  Ipsera,  Bayazeed,  Ac. ;  the  principal 
towns  are  of  the  same  names. 
Esa,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Lts. 

Es'bon,  a  post-hamlet  of  .Tewell  co.,  Kansas,  about  50 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Edgar,  Neb.     It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
«ny,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  150. 
Ascalaplano,  ds-k&-l&-pl&'no,  or  Scalaplano,  ski- 


l4-pl4'no,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  15  miles  E. 
of  Isili.     Pop.  1422. 

Escalda,  a  Spanish  name  for  the  river  Scheldt. 

Escalona,  Ss-ki-lo'nft,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo,  on  the  Alberche.     Pop.  979. 

Escalona,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  mUea  N. 
of  Segovia.     Pop.  904. 

Escalpnilla,  ds-k&-lo-neel'y&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
New  Castile,  20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2266. 

Escambia,  ISs-kS.in'be-§.,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  972  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Conecuh  and  Escambia  Rivers,  the  Cedar 
and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds; 
the  soil  is  sandy  and  inferior.  It  produces  a  little  cotton 
and  Indian  corn.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Brewton, 
the  capital.  Organized  in  1868.  Pop.  in  1870,  4041;  in 
1880,5719;  in  1890,8666. 

Escambia,  the  most  western  county  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Escambia  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Perdido  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Baldwin  co.,  Ala.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is 
sandy  and  poor.  Here  are  extensive  forests  of  small  pine 
trees.  Sugar-cane,  maize,  and  rice  are  the  chief  products 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  &, 
Nashville  and  Pensacola  &  Perdido  Railroads,  both  com- 
municating with  Pensacola,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7817;  in  1880,  12,166;  in  1890,  20,188. 

Escambia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  oo.,  Fla.,  4  miles 
from  Oakfield  Station,  which  is  6  miles  N.  of  Pensacola.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Escambia  River  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Escambia  co.  into  Florida.  It  forms  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Escambia  co.  of  Florida,  and  enters  Pen- 
sacola Bay.  It  is  navigable  to  the  mouth  of  the  Conecuh 
River.  The  latter  is  usually  treated  as  an  affluent  of  the 
Escambia,  but  it  is  longer  than  that  river. 

Escanaba,  Escanawba,  or  Esconawba,  Ss'kl- 
naw'b^,  a  city,  capital  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  the  extreme 
N.  of  Green  Bay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Escanaba  River, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  Peninsular  di- 
vision of  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad.  By  rail- 
road it  is  73  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marquette,  and  115  miles  N.N.E. 
of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
graded  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  several  large  saw-mills, 
2  first-class  hotels,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad. 
Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  and  lumber  are  shipped  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6808 ;  of  the  township,  724  additional.  Her* 
are  6  ore-docks,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,000. 

Escanaba  (or  Escanawba)  River,  Michigan,  rise; 
in  Marquette  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Delta  co.,  and 
enters  the  Little  Bay  de  Noquet,  which  is  a  part  of  Lake 
Michigan.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Escataw'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  rosin,  and 
turpentine. 

Escataw'pa  (or  Escatap'pa)  River  rises  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ala.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  intersects  Mo- 
bile CO.,  from  which  it  passes  into  the  state  of  Mississippi. 
It  enters  the  Pascagoula  River  6  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Escatron,  fis-ki-trSn',  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  S.E, 
of  Saragossa,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2696. 

Escandain,  fis^k<5MdNo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  2377. 

Escaut,  a  river  of  France  and  Belgium.     See  Scheldt. 

Esch,  fish,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg. 
10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Luxemburg.     Pop.  3385. 

Eschau,  fish'Sw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  on  the  Elsava,  30  miles  W.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  932. 

Eschelbach,  4sh'§l-biK\  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  near  Wiesloch.     Pop.  1240. 

Eschenau,  &h'en-5w\  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6 
miles  E.  of  Weinsberg,  with  a  church  and  a  castle.   P.  1008, 

Eschenbach,fish'§n-biK\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1388. 

Eschenbach,  fish'§n-b8,K\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  6  miles  N.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1194. 

Eschenz,  ish'fints,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  on  the  Rhine,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schaffhausen, 
consisting  of  Ober  and  Unter  Eschenz.     Pop.  1021. 

Eschershauseu,  Jsh'^rs-how^zen,  a  village  of  Bruns, 
wick,  on  the  Lenne.     Pop.  1261,  engaged  in  linen-weavinl*  v 

Eschmunein,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Oshmoosbys- 

Eschol,  Perry  co..  Pa.     See  Eshcol. 


M 


ESC 


1135 


ESK 


CSscholzmatt,  £sh'olts-mfttt\  a  Tillage  uf  Switzerland, 
«antou  of  Lucerne,  3000  feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  3074. 

£schrefl,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ashrth'F. 
i      Eschscholtz  or  Escholtz  (Ssh'olts)  Bay,  an  inlet 
'  of  Eotzebue  Sound,  in  Behring  Strait,  Alaska,  near  the 
I  Arctic  Circle.     Lon.  161°  10'  W. 

Eschwege,  Ssh'^&^gh^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
i  Nassau,  on  the  Werra,  26  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Cassel. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.  Pop.  7742. 
I  Eschweiler,  fish'^i-l^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
I  junction,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  It  is  the 
I  seat  of  large  and  varied  manufacturing  and  mining  indus- 
llries.     Pop.  15,526. 

Escocia  and  Escoces.    See  Scotlamd. 
Escoheag,  ds^ko-hdg',  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  R.I., 
about  17  miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  East  Greenwich. 

Escondido,  fis-kon-dee'do  {i.e.,  "hidden"  or  "shel- 
tered"), a  harbor  of  Cuba,  on  its  E,  coast,  60  miles  E.  of 
Santiago. 

Escondido,  a  harbor  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Falcon,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  peninsula  of  Paraguana. 

Escondido,  a  harbor  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Panama,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Pan- 
ama. 

EscoiididO)  a  harboi  i  the  Oulf  of  California,  in  lat. 
25°  65'  N.,  lon.  110°  45'  W.,  near  Loreto. 

Escondido,  a  harbor  of  Yucatan,  at  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Lake  Terminos.  Lat.  18°  50'  N. ;  lon.  91°  5'  W.  It  is 
the  name  of  the  channel  from  Lake  Terminos  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  of  the  Bluefields  River,  in  Nicaragua. 

EscondidO)  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  63 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  San  Diego.     It  has  6  churches,  a  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  541. 
Escorial,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Escubial. 
Escoriaza,  $s-ko-re-d,'tfa&,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  740. 

Es'cott,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Mallorytown.  Copper  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 
It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  200. 

Escudo,  ds-koo'do,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  9 
miles  from  the  N.  coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Lat. 
go  6'  24"  N.;  lon.  81°  34'  30"  W. 

Escudo  de  Yera^a,  4s-koo'do  di  v4-r8,'gwa,  a  river 
dividing  Central  from  South  America,  flows  into  the  Carib- 
oean  Sea. 

Escaintla,  fis-kweent'Ii,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  2500. 

Escula'pia,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Ky.,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Maysville.  It  is  in  a  delightful 
valley  and  has  sulphur  springs. 

Escurial,  Ss-koo-re-il',  or  Escorial,  5s-ko-re-3,l',  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  32  miles  S.E. 
of  Caceres.     Pop.  1837. 

Escurial,  Escorial,  or  Escorial  de  Ab^uo,  ia- 
ko-re-4l'  dk  i-bi'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Madrid,  on  the  S.E.  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Guadarrama.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  celebrated  monas- 
tery and  palace  of  the  Escurial  in  its  vicinity,  built  by 
Philip  II.,  which  contains  a  magnificent  mausoleum  for  the 
members  of  the  royal  family,  and  an  extensive  collection  of 
rare  paintings,  books,  and  M8S.  It  was  set  on  fire  by 
lightning  and  partially  destroyed  in  1872. 

Esdaile,  ez'dal',  a  post- village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  in 
flartland  township,  on  the  Isabella  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  spokes  and  hubs. 

Esdraelon,  fis-dra-ee'lon,  Esdrelon,  5s-dree'lon,  or 
Plain  of  Jezreel,  jez're-el  (Turk.  Merj  Iboo  Ameer), 
a  famous  plain  of  Palestine,  S.  of  Acre,  between  Mounts 
Carmel  on  the  W.  and  Hermon  and  Gilboa  on  the  E.  It 
is  highly  fertile,  and  is  watered  by  the  Kishon.  It  has  been 
the  scene  of  numerous  combats,  both  in  ancient  and  modem 
times. 

Esens,  5z'8nss  or  i'zSnss,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
near  the  North  Sea,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Emden.     Pop.  2114. 
Esgueira,  Ss-gi'e-ri,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Aveiro.     It  has  a  Benedictine  convent. 

Esh,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  and  4  miles  W.  of  Dur- 
ham. Pop.  2294.  Here  are  coal-mines,  and  1  mile  E.  is 
the  great  Roman  Catholic  College  of  Ushaw. 

Esh'bachy  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles  N. 
of  Pottstown. 

Esh'col,  apost-village  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  about  34  miles 
(direct)  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

Esh'er,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  London.  In  this  parish  the  royal  palace  of 
Olaremont  was  built  by  the  great  Lord  Clive,  and  purchased 


for  the  residence  of  Princess  Charlotte  and  Prince  Leo- 

Eold  in  1816.  It  was  the  residence  of  Louis  Philippe  after 
is  abdication  in  1848.  Esher  Place  is  a  splendid  Gothic 
structure,  once  occupied  by  Cardinal  Wolsey.  Pop.  of 
parish,  1460. 

Eshmouneyn,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Oshxcometn. 

EshUemo'a,  an  ancient  town  of  Palestine,  identified 
with  the  village  of  Semooa  or  Semua,  8  miles  S.  of  Hebron. 

Esiano,  &-se-i'no,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
on  the  elevated  plateau  of  Planargia.     Pop.  1500. 

Esiglie,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Exilles. 

Esine,  i-see'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia, 
4  miles  S.  of  Breno,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1502. 

Esino,  d-see'no,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  rises 
on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Apennines,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters 
the  Adriatic  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ancona,     Length,  40  miles. 

Esk,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  rises  in  Sea- 
Fell,  and  flows  S.W.  for  20  miles  into  the  Irish  Sea,  near 
Ravenglass. 

Esk,  dsk,  a  beautiful  take  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and 
about  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Donegal.     Area,  976  acres. 

Esk,  a  mountain-range  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  between 
the  cos.  of  Cork  and  Kerry. 

Esk,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Black  and  White  Esk  in  Eskdalemuir, 
flows  24  miles  into  Solway  Firth. 

Esk,  North,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  rises  in 
the  Grampians,  and  flows  32  miles  into  the  German  Ocean, 
3  miles  N.  of  Montrose. 

Esk,  North  and  Soitth,  two  small  but  beautiful  streams 
of  Scotland,  rise  in  the  co.  of  Peebles,  flow  through  Mid- 
Lothian,  unite  near  Dalkeith,  and  proceed  to  the  sea  at 
Musselburgh.  The  North  Branch  flows  past  Roslin  Castle 
and  Hawthomden. 

Esk,  North  and  South,  two  rivers  of  Tasmania,  district 
of  Launceston,  flow  W.,  and  join  the  Macquarie  and  Quamby 
to  form  the  Tamar  River.  The  town  of  Launceston  is  on 
the  North  Esk  and  that  of  Perth  on  the  South  Esk. 

Esk,  South,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  rises  in 
the  Grampians,  in  the  N.W,  part  of  the  co.,  and  flows  E. 
36  miles  through  Strathmore  into  Montrose  Harbor.  The 
towns  of  Brechin  and  Montrose  are  on  its  banks. 

Eske,  isk,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  flows  E.  into  the  North  Sea  at  Whitby. 

Eskee,  or  Eski,  fis'kee  (signifying  "old"),  a  Turkish 
prefix  of  the  names  of  numerous  towns,  <fec. 

Eskee  Adalia,  Ss'kee  i-d&'lee^i,  the  ruins  of  the  an- 
cient Side,  in  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Alaya. 

Eskee  Andaval,  4s'kee  in-di-vil',  a  town  of  Turkey, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Nigdeh,  once  famous  for  its  breed  of  horses. 

Eskee  Baba,  Ss'kee  bi'bi,  a  village  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Roumelia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Djuma,  Ss'kee  joo'mi,  a  town  of 
Bulgaria,  18  miles  W.  of  Shoomla. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Erekli.    See  Ereglee. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Hissar,  £s'kee  his-sar'  (anc.  Laodi- 
ce'a),  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Ala- 
Shehr  (anc.  Philadelphia).  It  has  extensive  remains  of 
walls,  2  theatres,  temples,  Ac. ;  but,  having  sufi"ered  greatly 
from  earthquakes,  its  site  is  now  wholly  deserted. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Hissar  (anc.  Stratonicse'a),  a  ruined 
city  of  Asia  Minor,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Ayasoolook  (ano.  I^h'- 
esut).  It  has  extensive  remains,  including  a  vast  temple 
and  a  theatre. 

Eskee  Kroom,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Star-KrOm. 

Eskee  Sara,  ds'kee  sk'rk,  or  Eski  Saghra,  ds'kee 
8&'gr&,  a  town  of  South  Bulgaria  (Eastern  Roumelia),  on 
the  S.  slope  of  the  Balkan  Mountains,  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Philippopolis,  and  flO  miles  W.  of  Boorghas.  It  is  finely 
situated,  and  has  manufactures  of  carpets  and  leather. 
Near  it  are  hot  mineral  baths.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Shehr,  Ss'kee  shfihr  (auo.  Bory- 
Ix'um  t),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kutaieh. 

Eskee  Stambool,  or  Eski  Stamboul,  ds'keest&m- 
bool',  is  the  ancient  Alexandria  Troas  (which  see). 

Esker,  a  river  of  Bulgaria.     See  Isker. 

Eski,  a  Turkish  prefix.     See  Eskee. 

Eskilstnna,  is-kil-stoo'n&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  57  miles 
W.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Hjelmar.  It  is  the  seat  of  iron-, 
steel-,  and  copper-works,  and  manufactures  hardware,  cut- 
lery, needles,  firearms,  Ac.     Pop.  5201. 

Eskilnp,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Iskelib. 

Eskimos.    See  Esquimaux. 

Esk'ridge,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Alma.-  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,- 
a  newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  548. 


ESL 


1136 


ESQ 


Sskridge,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Miss.,  16  milea 
by  rail  S.  of  Grenada. 

£8la)  Ss'Ii,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  N.  JP&rt  of 
Leon,  S.  of  the  mountains  of  Asturias,  flows  S.S.W.,  and 
joins  the  Douro  about  15  miles  below  Zamora.  Length, 
152  miles. 

Es'men,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.     Pop.  917. 

Ssmeralda^  ds-ma-r&l'dS,,  sometimes  written  £sine- 
relda,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  rises  near 
Quito,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  in  lat.  0°  58'  N., 
Ion.  79®  40'  W.  Length,  110  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  the 
town  of  Esmeraldas. 

Esmeralda,  a  mission  settlement  of  Venezuela,  on  the 
Orinoco,  16  miles  E.  of  its  bifurcation. 

£smeral'da,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ne- 
vada, borders  on  California.  It  is  partly  traversed  by 
Walker  River,  and  contains  Walker  Lake,  which  has  no 
outlet.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly  con- 
sists of  arid  plains,  in  which  timber  is  scarce.  The  soil, 
which  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile,  produces  some 
wheat  and  barley.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  employed 
in  mining.  This  county  has  gold-  and  silver-mines,  the 
annual  product  of  which  sometimes  reaches  nearly  $500,000. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Carson  &  Colorado  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Hawthorne.  Area,  8540  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1553,-  in  1880,  3220;  in  1890,  2148. 

Esmeraldas,  Ss-m^-r&l'd&s,  a  maritime  town  of  Ecua- 
dor, capital  of  a  department,  95  miles  N.W.  of  Quito,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Esmeralda.     Lat.  1°  N. ;  Ion.  79°  35'  W. 

Esmeraldas,  a  maritime  department  of  Ecuador, 
in  the  northwest.  Area,  7439  square  miles.  Capital,  Es- 
meraldas.    Pop.  11,146. 

Esmeralda,  Serra,  8dR'R&  d8-m&-rS,l'd&,  a  mountain- 
chain  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  between  the  Doce 
and  Belmonte  Rivers.  Lat.  18°  30'  S.  Length,  from  W. 
to  E.,  about  170  miles. 

Es'mok,  a  frontier  garrisoned  city  of  southwest  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.  It  is  traversed  by  merchants'  cara- 
vans in  the  trade  between  China,  Siam,  and  Burmah. 

Es'mond,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Iroquois.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Esneh,  ds'nih,  or  Esn^,  ia'nk,  written  also  Isne,  and 
Esna  (Coptic,  'Sne;  anc.  Latop'olis),  a  town  of  Upper 
Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  25  miles  S.  of  Thebes. 
Lat.  25°  19'  39"  N. ;  Ion.  32°  34'  30"  E.  It  is  the  entrep6t 
for  the  Sennaar  caravans,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
shawls  and  pottery,  a  cotton-spinning  factory,  a  Coptic 
monastery,  and  a  trade  with  Abyssinia  and  the  Soodan ; 
but  it  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  ruins,  especially  for  those 
of  a  vast  ancient  temple.     Pop.  7000. 

Esneh,  a  province  of  Egypt,  including  a  part  of  Nubia. 
Capital,  Esng.     Pop.  251,742. 

Eso,  ^'so,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Zara, 
in  the  Adriatic,  between  the  islands  of  Isola  Grossa  and 
Ugliano.     Length,  7  miles. 

Es^ofe'a,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

E'som  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Cedar  Town.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eso'pus,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus 
township,  1  or  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Kingston,  and  61  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Al- 
bany. It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures 
of  fruit-packages,  blankets,  yarns,  and  dynamite.  Pop. 
about  200.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Rond- 
out  or  Wallkill  River.     Pop.  in  189Q,  4659. 

Eso'pus  Creek,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  first  southeast- 
ward, then  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Hudson  Rive? 
at  Saugerties.  It  is  nearly  65  miles  long.  Kingston  is  on 
this  creek. 

Esouan,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Asswan. 

Espadacinta,  fis-pi-da-seen'ti,  a  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Douro, 
20  miles  E.  of  Torre  de  Moncorvo. 

Espagne,  Espagnol.     See  Spain. 

Espalion,  Ss^pS,^le-6iJ»',  a  town  of  France,  i"n  Aveyron, 
on  the  Lot,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  2580. 

Espafia,  Espafiol.    See  Spain. 

Espafiiola,  the  original  Spanish  name  of  Hajti. 

Espardell,  fls-par-dSll',  one  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  a  little  N.  of  Formentera,  and  between 
that  island  and  Ivija.     Lat.  38°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  25'  E. 

Espar'nia,  or  Shawnee'town,  a  village  of  the  Sem- 
inole Nation,  Indian  Territory,  90  miles  from  Eufaula  Rail- 
road Station.  It  has  3  stores,  and  a  mission  and  manual 
labor  school  under  the  direction  of  Friends.  Here  is 
Bhawneetown  Post-Office. 

Esparrogosa  de  Lares,  £s-paR-R&-go's&  d&  l&'r£s. 


a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  80  miles  E.  of  Badajos. 
Pop.  2778. 

Esparraguera,  68-paR-R&-gi'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat. 
Pop.  3087.  It  has  numerous  cloth-factories  and  paper-mills, 
and  an  annual  fair. 

Espartel,  Cape,  Morocco.    See  Cape  Spartkl. 

Espejo,  4s-pi'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Cordova,  with  the  remains  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  5420. 

Espelette,  4s^p§h-l4tt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr6nees,  12  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1641. 

Espera,  Ss-pi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Cadiz,  on  the  Guadalete.    Pop.  1822.    It  has  linen-weaving. 

Es'perance,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Esperance  township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  31  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  soda-water.  Pop.  274;  of  the 
township,  1232. 

Esperance,  Quebec.    See  North  Ham. 

Esperance,  Port, Tasmania.  See Adahson's  Harbor. 

Esperan'za,  a  post-office  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss. 

Esperanza,  fis-pi-rin'z4,  a  German  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  province  and  25  miles  N.  of  Santa  F6. 

Esperaza,  ds^p^h-r&^z&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  8 
miles  S.  of  Limoux,  on  the  Aude.     Pop.  1662. 

Espichel,  Cape,  Portugal.    See  Cape  Espichel. 

Espiel,  ds-pe-il',  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Cordova,  near  tne  left  bank  of  the  Guadiato.     Pop.  2056. 

Espierre,  fis^pe-aiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Courtrai. 

Espinardo,  ds-pe-naR'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Murcia. 

Espinha^o,  Serra  do,  sSr'rA  do  ds-peen-y&'so,  a 
mountain-chain  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  extends  from 
near  Bahia  to  the  Uruguay.     It  is  rich  in  diamond-mines. 

Espinosa  de  los  Monteros,  is-pe-no'si  d4  loce 
mon-ti'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  52  miles  N.  of  Burgos. 

Espirito  Santo,  ds-plr'e-to  s&n'to  or  ds-pee're-to  s^n'- 
to,  a  maritime  state  of  Brazil,  between  lat.  18°  30'  and 
21°  20'  S.,  having  N.  the  state  of  Bahia,  and  E.  the  At- 
lantic. Area,  17,312  square  miles.  Capital,  Victoria.  Pop. 
in  1888, 121,562.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Doce,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  N.,  and  the  Parahiba  do  Sul,  on  the  S. 

Espirito  Santo,  or  Villa  Yelha  d'Espirito 
Santo,  veel'Ii  vfil'yi  dSs-pee're-to  sin'to,  the  former  capi- 
tal of  the  above,  is  situated  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bay  of 
Espirito  Santo.     Pop.  1000. 

Espiritu  Santo,  Ss-plr'e-too  s&n'to  or  is-pee're-too 
s&n'to,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Badajos,  42  miles  E.  of  Llerena. 

Espiritu  Santo,  a  town  of  Cuba,  near  the  centre  of 
the  island,  connected  by  railway  to  Remedies.     Pop.  7000. 

Espiritu  Santo,  the  largest  and  westernmost  of  the 
New  Hebrides  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  15°  S.;  Ion. 
167°  E.     Length,  65  miles;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Espiritu  Santo,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California, 
30  miles  N.  of  La  Paz,  is  13  miles  long  by  5  miles  wide. 

Espiritu  Santo  Bay,  Florida.    See  Tampa  Bat. 

Espiritu  Santo,  Cape.    See  Cape  Espiritu  Santo. 

Espita,  5s-pee't4,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  30  miles  N.  of 
Valladolid.     Pop.  3000. 

Espluga  de  Francoli,  £s-ploo'g&  d4  fr&n-ko-lee',  a 
town  of  Spain,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3471. 

Esporlas,  fis-poR'lis,  a  town  of  Majorca,  8  miles  N.W. 
by  N.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1614. 

Esposenda,  S8-po-Bdn'd&,  a  maritime  town  of  For- 
tugal,  in  Minho,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cavado,  26  miles  N. 
of  Oporto.     Pop.  1498. 

Es'py,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in  Scott  town- 
ship, on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Lackawanna  <fe  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Bloomsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  2  planing-mills,  and  man- 
ufactures of  sash,  doors,  boats,  <fcc.     Pop.  549. 

Es'pyville,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Erie  «fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie,  and 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  lumber-  and  lath-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  150. 

Esqueheries,  5s^k4H-ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vervins.     Pop.  2149. 

Esquel-becq,  Ss^kfirbSk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dunkerque.     Pop.  1866. 

Esquerines,  fis^kainm',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  a  suburb  of  Lille.     Pop.  3731. 

Es^ques'ing,  or  Stew'art  Town,  a  post-village  in 
Halton  CO.,  Ontario,  1^  miles  from  Georgetown.     It 
tains  flouring-,  saw-  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Esquibien,  fis^kee^bee-&Ng',  a  village  of  France,  in 
nistSre,  on  the  sea,  26  miles  W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  2001 


1 


1137 


ESS 


£squiera,  Ss-ke-i'ri,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira.  22  miles  N.E.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  2900. 

Esquimalt,  £s'ke-m&It,  a  seaport  of  British  Columbia, 
cin  Vancouver  Island,  on  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  65 
miles  from  its  entrance,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria. 
(The  harbor  of  Esquimalt  is  very  extensive,  capable  of  re- 
1  ceiving  vessels  of  the  largest  class,  and  destined  apparently 
I  to  be,  in  connection  with  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway,  the 
.future  entrep&t  of  a  national  commerce.  Esquimalt  is  the 
igtation  of  her  Majesty's  ships  on  this  portion  of  the  Pacific 
j  coast.  Here  are  a  navy -yard,  a  hospital,  and  other  neces- 
I  iary  buildings  for  the  requirements  of  the  squadron. 
I  Esquimaux,  ds'ke-mo  or  is'ke-mbz,  sometimes  writ- 
I'ten  Eskimos  ("eaters  of  raw  flesh"),  the  present  in- 
I  habitants  of  Arctic  America  and  Greenland,  consisting  of 
three  principal  stocks, — the  Kalalits,  better  known  by  the 
name  of  Greenlanders  j  the  Esquimaux  proper,  on  the  N. 
and  E.  coast  of  Labrador;  and  the  Western  Esquimaux, 
found  along  Hudson's  Bay,  the  W.  side  of  BaflBn's  Bay,  the 
polar  shores  of  America  as  far  as  the  mouths  of  the  Copper- 
Imine  and  Mackenzie  Hivers,  and  both  on  the  American  and 
I  Asiatic  sides  of  Behring's  Strait.  This  last  locality  gives 
jthem  the  remarkable  peculiarity  of  being  the  only  aborigi- 
loal  race  common  to  the  Old  and  the  New  World.  Their 
ij'hysical  peculiarities  are  a  stunted  stature  (seldom  exceed- 
liag  five  feet  in  height),  flattened  nose,  projecting  cheek- 
jbones,  thick  lips,  eyes  often  oblique,  and  yellow  and  brownish 
skin.  The  dress  of  the  men  consists  chiefly  of  a  cloak  of 
Issal-skins,  which  reaches  to  the  knees;  and  that  of  the 
vomen  differs  from  it  only  in  a  few  minute  points.  In 
Isammer  they  live  in  tents  covered  with  the  skins  of  rein- 
deer and  fallow-deer ;  in  winter  they  may  be  said  to  burrow 
leneath  the  snow.  Their  chief  dependence  for  food  is  on 
fi  shing,  particularly  on  that  of  the  seal.  Their  weapons  are 
bows  and  arrows  and  spears  or  lances,  generally  pointed 
V  ith  stones  or  bones,  but  sometimes  with  copper.  Their 
li  aguage  consists  of  long  compound  words,  and  has  regular 
tiough  remarkable  inflections:  in  grammatical  structure, 
a  t  least,  it  is  American.  In  intellect  they  are  by  no  means 
deficient,  and  the  success  of  the  Danish  missionaries  proves 
tlieir  capability  of  receiving  Christianity,  understanding  its 
tniths,  and  conforming  to  its  precepts. 
j  Esquimaux,  5s'ke-mo,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  E. 
cmst  of  Labrador.  Lat.  54°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  21'  W. 
I  Esquimaux,  an  island  and  harbor  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Ilawrence,  on  the  N.  or  Labrador  coast,  near  the  mouth  of 
iEsquimaux  River,  30  miles  W.  of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 
I  Esquimaux  Point,  a  post-village  in  Sa,guenay  co., 
[Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  163  miles  from 
Gasp^  Basin.     Here  are  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  862. 

I  Esquimaux  (or  St.  Paul)  River,  a  large  stream  on 
Itlie  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  30  miles  W.  of 
JBlanc  Sablon.  Boats  can  ascend  it  for  5  miles.  It  is  navi- 
jgated  by  canoes  for  many  miles  inland,  and  abounds  with 
JBulmon. 

Esquina,  fis^kee'ni,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
p;rovince  of  Corrientes,  near  the  Parang,  150  miles  above 
Bajada  de  Santa  F4.     Pop.  1794. 

Esquipulas,  fis-ke-poo'l&s,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  18 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chiquimula  de  la  Sierra.     Pop.  1800. 

Esrom,  ds'rom,  a  lake  of  Denmark,  island  of  Seoland, 

II  miles  W.  of  Elsinore.  Area,  8  square  miles.  Near  its 
N.  end  is  a  small  village  of  the  same  name. 

Ess,  fiss,  a  cataract  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wioklow,  4|  miles 
W.  of  Glendalough,  formed  by  the  Avonbeg  River. 

E8s6,  Ss'si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  1490. 

Esseck,  or  Essegg,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Eszbk. 

Essen,  5s's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  the  Rhine  province, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dus- 
Beldorf.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  steel  and  iron 
goods,  artillery,  machinery,  fire-arms,  steam-engines,  vitriol, 
leather,  woollen  and  linen  goods,  and  coal-mines.  It  has  an 
old  Capuchin  convent  and  a  gymnasium,  and  is  the  seat  of 
a  mining  board  and  a  municipal  court  of  justice.  Pop. 
60,000,  or,  with  close  suburbs  (1890),  78,723. 

Essen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  860. 

Essen,  a  village  of  Oldenburg,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  the 
■town  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  564. 

I  Es'sendon,  a  village  of  Bourke  co.,  Victoria,  Aus- 
jtralia,  on  the  Moonee  Ponds,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne. 
J  Pop.,  with  Flemington,  2456. 

Esscquibo,  fis-s§h-kee'bo  (more  properly  Esseque- 

*|bo,  4s's4-ki'bo),  the  principal  river  of  British  Guiana,  in 

South  America,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  the  N.W.  part  of 

|tbat  colony,  by  an  estuary  20  miles  in  width,  in  lat.  7°  N., 


Ion.  68°  40'  "W.,  after  a  course  of  at  leaet  460  miles.  Afflu- 
ents, the  Rupununy,  Massaroony,  and  Cuyuni.  It  abound! 
with  islands,  and  in  its  estuary  are  three  or  four  of  consid- 
erable size.  About  60  miles  from  its  mouth  are  the  Falls  of 
Etabally. 

Essequibo,  the  westernmost  county  of  British  Guiana, 
has  a  sea-front  of  120  miles  from  the  river  Barima  on  the 
W.  to  Boerasirie  Creek  on  the  E.     Pop.  36,122. 

Es'sex,  a  county  of  England,  having  N.  the  counties 
of  Cambridge  and  Suffolk,  E.  the  North  Sea,  S.  the  Thames, 
and  W.  Middlesex  and  Herts.  Area,  1649  square  miles. 
The  surface  towards  the  Thames  and  the  sea  is  flat,  marshy, 
and  much  broken  into  peninsulas  and  islands ;  in  the  centre 
and  N.  it  is  beautifully  diversified  and  richly  wooded. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Thames,  Lea,  Stour,  Roding,  Crouch, 
Colne,  Chelmer,  and  Blackwater.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  fer- 
tile loam.  The  climate  on  the  coast  is  damp,  and  produces 
agues;  in  other  parts  it  is  clear  and  healthy,  less  rain 
falling  than  perhaps  in  any  other  English  county.  The 
farming  is  ranked  among  the  best  in  England.  The  quality 
of  the  Essex  wheat  is  very  superior.  Besides  the  usual 
crops,  teasels,  saffron,  caraway,  and  hops  are  largely  grown. 
Great  numbers  of  calves  are  fattened  for  the  London  mar- 
ket, and  the  butter  is  of  fine  quality.  The  stock  of  sheep 
is  large.  Chief  towns,  Chelmsford  (the  capital),  Colchester, 
Maldon,  and  Harwich.  Pop.  785,399.  Essex  was  the  name 
of  a  kingdom  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Heptarchy,  comprising 
the  county  of  Essex  and  parts  of  the  counties  of  Middle- 
sex and  Hertfordshire. 

Es'sex,  the  northeasternmost  county  of  Massachusetts, 
has  an  area  of  about  503  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Massachu- 
setts Bay,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Merrimao  and  Ipswich 
Rivers.  Its  outline  is  indented  by  many  bays  and  inlets, 
which  afford  good  harbors.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  in 
some  parts  is  rugged  and  rocky.  Among  its  forest  trees  are 
the  ash,  white  oak,  hickory,  and  elm.  The  soil  produces 
hay,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  The  prosperity  of  this 
county  is  derived  chiefly  from  manufactures  of  boots  and 
shoes,  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  and  various  other  arti- 
cles, the  value  of  boots  and  shoes  produced  per  annum  some- 
times amounting  to  nearly  $30,000,000,  and  of  cotton  goods 
to  over  $10,000,000.  Several  quarries  of  fine  granite,  or 
syenite,  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  contains  the 
cities  of  Salem,  Gloucester,  Lawrence,  Lynn,  Haverhill,  and 
Newburyport.  Essex  co.  is  traversed  by  the  Boston  A 
Maine  Railroad,  the  Danvers  &  Newburyport  Railroad,  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad,  the  Boston, 
Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad,  and  other  short  lines. 
Capitals,  Salem,  Newburyport,  and  Lawrence.  Pop.  in 
1870,  200,843;  in  1875,223,342;  in  1880,  244,535;  in  1890, 
299,995. 

Essex,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Jersey,  has  an 
area  of  about  127  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N., 
the  E.,  and  the  W.  by  the  Passaic  River,  which  affords 
water-power,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Newark  Bay.  The  surface  is 
partly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  two  high  ridges,  called 
First  and  Second  Mountains.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is 
fertile,  and  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,  Ao.  This  county 
has  important  manufactures  of  hats  and  caps,  trunks, 
jewelry,  and  other  articles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  A  Western,  Erie,  Lehigh  Valley,  and 
Pennsylvania  Railroads,  all  of  which'  communicate  with 
Newark,  the  capital  of  the  county.  This  is  the  most  popu- 
lous and  wealthy  county  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 143,839 ; 
in  1880,  189,929;  in  1890,  256,093. 

Essex,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  York,  has  an 
area  of  about  1667  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  drained  by  the  Hudson  River, 
which  rises  in  this  county,  and  by  the  Au  Sable  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  numerous  lakes,  extensive 
forests,  and  the  grand  mountain  scenery  of  the  Adirondacks. 
Near  the  middle  of  the  county  rises  Mount  Marcy,  which  is 
the  highest  mountain  in  the  state.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  granite,  Trenton 
limestone,  and  magnetic  iron  ore,  and  extensive  iron-works. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Railroad.  The 
Chateaugay  Railroad  crosses  the  extreme  N.W.  corner  of 
the  county.  Capital,  Elizabethtown.  "  Hypersthene,"  says 
Emmons,  "  is  by  far  the  most  extensive  and  important  rock 
in  Essex  co."  Pop.  in  1870,  29,042;  in  1880,  34,515;  in 
1890,  33,062.  This  county  contains  about  100  lakes,  mostly 
long  and  narrow.  The  names  of  the  largest  are  Placid, 
Sohroon,  Paradox,  and  Sanford. 

Essex,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Vermont, 
bordering  on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  730  square  miles. 


ESS 


1138 


EST 


It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Clyde,  Moose,  and  Nulhegan  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
sugar-maple  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  not  very  fertile. 
Lumber,  hay,  oats,  batter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Guildhall,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6811 ;  in  1880,  7931 ; 
in  1890,  9511. 

£sseX)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  235  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Rappahannock  River,  which  is  here  navigable.  The 
surface  is  partly  uneven,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  grass.  Capital,  Tappahannock,  situ- 
ated on  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  Pop.  in  1870,  9927 ;  in 
1880,  11,032 ;  in  1890,  10,047. 

EsseX)  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  between  Lakes  St. 
Clair  and  Huron.  Area,  235  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Great  Western  and  Canada  Southern  Railways. 
Capital,  Sandwich.     Pop.  32,697. 

JBsseX)  a  post- village  of  Essex  township,  Middlesex  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  7  miles 
from  its  mouth,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Haddam,  and 
23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Middletown.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  and  manufactures 
of  granite,  witch-hazel,  rope,  machinery,  piano  ivory,  and 
ivory  goods.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2035. 

Essex,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co.,  III.,  60  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  17  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of 
Kankakee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  flour- 
and  feed-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  266. 

Essex,  a  post- village  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in  Pierce  town- 
ship, on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween Red  Oak  and  Nebraska  City,  13  miles  S.  of  Red  Oak. 
It  has  a  bank,  general  stores,  and  mannfactures  of  wagons 
and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  564. 

Essex,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  sea-coast,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  at  the 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  shoe-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  fish-lines.  The  principal  business  of 
Essex  is  building  vessels  for  the  fisheries.  Rufus  Cboate 
was  born  here  in  1799.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1713. 

Essex,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Essex  town- 
ship, 27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  township,  1511. 

Essex,  a  post-village  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  (Cairo  division), 
30  miles  E.  of  Poplar  Blufi".  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Essex,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Paterson, 
Newark  &  New  York  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Newark. 

Essex,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Westport,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Elizabethtown.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of  horse- 
shoe-nails.    Pop.  about  800  ;  of  the  township,  1437. 

Essex,  or  Essex  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Essex  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Lamoille 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  classical  institute.  Pop.  about  200.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Essex.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Winooski  River,  contains  another  village,  named  Essex 
Junction,  and  has  manufactures  of  paper,  cheese,  lumber, 
flour,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3659. 

Essex  Falls,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Wenham  &  Essex  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  i  mile 
from  the  terminus  at  Essex. 

Essex  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Essex  township, 
Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  at  the 
junction  of  two  divisions  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  a  butter-tub-factory,  a  newspaper  office, 
marble-  and  granite-works,  cabinet-works,  a  creamery,  a 
flour-  and  feed-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Es'sexville,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hamp- 
ton township,  on  the  Saginaw  River,  at  its  mouth,  2  miles 
by  street-railway  from  Bay  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  lum- 
ber-mills, and  a  manufactory  of  salt.     Pop.  1545. 

Es  Sham,  the  Arabic  for  Syria. 

Es'sington,  Northern  Australia.    See  Port  Essington. 

Es  Siont,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Sioot. 

Essling,  iss'ling,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  7  miles  E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  380.  Between  this 
village  and  Aspern  was  fought  a  sanguinary  battle  by  the 
French  and  Austrians  on  the  21st  and  22d  of  May,  ISOO. 


Both  villages  were  at  that  time  destroyed,  but  have  since 
been  rebuilt. 

Esslingen,  fiss'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar,  7  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls  and  ill  built ;  principal  edifices,  an  old  castle  on  a 
height,  and  a  handsome  town  hall.  It  has  a  richly-endowed 
hospital,  2  fine  old  churches,  a  deaf-mute  school,  various 
seminaries,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  cloths 
and  yarn,  lacquered  tinwares,  locomotives,  wines,  glue,  and 
paper.     Pop.  in  1890,  22,134. 

Essonne,  fis^sonn',  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Loiret  and  Seine-et-Oise,  rises  12  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans, 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the  Seine  at  Corbeil. 

Essonnes,  Ss'sonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  on  the  Essonnes,  i  mile  S.W.  of  Corbeil.  It  has  flour- 
and  fulling-mills,  manufactures  of  linen,  Ac.     Pop.  3869. 

Es  Souan,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Asswan. 

Essoyes,  Ss^swi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  10  milei 
S.E.  of  Bar-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1693. 

Estados  Unidos,  the  Spanish  for  the  Unfted  States. 

Estagel,  fis'ti^zhfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr^n^es- 
Orien tales,  on  the  Agly,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Perpignan. 
It  was  the  birthplace  of  Arago.     Pop.  2678. 

Estaires,  Ss^tain',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Nord,  on  th» 
Lys,  13  miles  W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3444. 

Estambruges,  Belgium.    See  Staubruqes. 

Estampes,  a  town  of  France.     See  Etahpes. 

Estancia,  4s-tin'se-4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  25  miles  S.W 
of  Sergipe,  on  the  Piauhy,    Pop.  3000. 

E staples,  a  town  of  France.     See  Etaples. 

Estarac,  SsH&^r&k',  an  old  subdivision  of  France,  in 
Guienne,  now  included  in  the  departments  of  Gers  and 
Hautes-Pyr6n6e3.     Mirande  was  the  capital. 

Estarr^a,  Ss-taR-Ri'zh&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Douro, 
on  the  Antua,  23  miles  from  Oporto.     Pop.  2629. 

Estavayer,  or  Estavaye,  SsHiVi'yi'  (Ger.  Staeffit, 
stSrfis),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Freyburg,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Neufchatel.     P.  1438. 

Este,  ds'tfh.  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  joins  the 
Elbe  7  miles  W.  of  Altona,  after  a  course  of  26  miles. 

Este,  is'tk  (ano.  Ate»'te),a.  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Padua.  It  has  manufactures  of  salt- 
petre, whetstones,  silk,  linens,  and  fine  earthenware.  It  ii 
picturesquely  situated  and  well  built;  its  houses  are  sup- 
ported on  arches,  and  it  has  a  church  and  leaning  tower  in 
the  Romanesque  style.  The  Rocca,  or  castle,  near  the  town, 
was  a  fine  feudal  fortress,  the  seat  of  the  historic  Este  family. 
Pop.  10,600. 

Estella,  is-tdl'y&,  (anc.  Al'haf),  a  town  of  Spain,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  It  has  an  old  castle,  several 
churches  and  convents,  a  hospital,  college,  school  of  music, 
and  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  5593. 

Estella,  Micnigan.    See  Suhner. 

Es'telline,  a  post-village  of  Hamlin  co.,  S.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Castlewood.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  and  flour-  and  feed- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  210. 

Estell  Springs,  Tenn.    See  Estill  Sprixgs. 

Es'telville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  5  miles  S.  of  May's  Landing, 
[t  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Estepa,  is-ti'p&  (anc.  Aeta'pa),  a  town  of  Spain,  54 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Seville.  It  has  manufactures  of  oil  and 
cloth.     Pop.  8133. 

Estepona,  5s-ti-po'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  41  miles  S.W. 
of  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  9316.  Chief  indus- 
tries, fishing,  linen-weaving,  and  manufactures  of  leather. 

Esterhazy,  Ss't^r-h&^zee,  or  Eszterhaz  (Hun.  E»zter- 
hnz,  5s^t4r^h4z'),  a  village  of  Lower  Hungary,  near  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  Neusiedl  Lake,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Prea- 
burg.  Pop.  400.  Here  is  a  magnificent  palace  of  Prince 
Esterhazy,  surrounded  by  a  noble  park. 

Es'tes  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  Minn. 

Es'tes  Park,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co.,  Colorado,  is 
at  the  N.E.  base  of  Long's  Peak,  and  30  miles  W.  of  Long- 
mont.     Here  is  a  natural  park. 

Est'her,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  111.,  in  East  Fork 
township,  8  miles  E.  of  Hillsborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Est'herville,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of 
Emmett  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines 
River,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Emmetsburg.  It  has 
7  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
and  flax-,  tow-,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1475. 

Esthonia,fis-tho'ne-l, or  Revel,  rfiv'51  (Ger.  .ff»(Atafttt, 
Sst'lint),  a  government  of  Russia,  one  of  the  Baltic  proF- 
inces,  between  lat.  58°  15'  and  59°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  22°  10' 
and  28°  5'  E.,  having  E.  the  government  of  St.  Petersburg, 


EST 


1139 


ETH 


S,  Livonia  and  Lake  Peipua,  N.  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  and 
W.  the  Baltic,  in  which  it  comprises  the  islands  of  Dagbe, 
Worms,  &a.  Area,  7187  square  miles.  Surface  generally 
flat;  shores  rocky.  Principal  rivers,  the  Narova,  Loksa, 
and  Keyel,  all  flowing  N.  Climate  humid;  soil  sandy  or 
i  marshy,  about  two-thirds  of  it  covered  with  pine  forests,  or 
I  unproductive.  More  corn  is,  however,  raised  than  is  re- 
Iquired  for  home  consumption ;  besides  flax,  hemp,  hops,  and 
Itobacco.  Many  cattle  are  reared,  and  the  fisheries  are  im- 
iportant.  Except  distilling,  the  manufactures  are  almost 
i  wholly  domestic.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  spirits, 
salt  fish,  and  hides.  Principal  imports,  herrings  and  salt. 
I  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  of  Finnish  race,  and  Protest- 
ants, speaking  the  Esthonian  language ;  but  the  aristocracy 
are  German  in  race  and  language.  Principal  towns.  Revel, 
the  capitol,  Hapsal,  Weissenstein,  and  Wesenberg.  Pop. 
322,668,  of  whom  30,000  are  Germans. 

Es'till,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 

Has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.     It  is  intersected 

by  the  Kentucky  River.     The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly 

covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  oats, 

i  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Bituminous  coal  and 

]  iron  ore  are  found  in  it.     It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of 

I  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.    Capital,  Irvine.    Pop. 

!  in  1870,  9198;  in  1880,  9860;  in  1890, 10,836. 

!      £still)  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Miss. 

E  stil  I ,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
I  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Boonville. 
I  Estill's  Fork)  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  15 
I  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Scottsborough.  It  has  a  few  stores,  Ac. 
'  Es'till  (or  Es'tell)  Springs,  or  Spring  Hill,  a 
post- village  and  watering-place  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Elk  River,  and  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  75 
I  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 

and  a  mineral  spring. 
I      Es'tillville,  Scott  co.,  Va.    See  Gate  Citt. 

Es'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles  (direct) 

N.  by  W.  of  Jamestown. 

Estocolmo,  the  Spanish  for  Stockholm. 

Estrella,  ds-trdl'y&,  a  river  of  Costa  Rica,  enters  the 

Pacific,  after     S.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Estrella,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  depart- 

i  ment  of  Antioquia,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Medellin. 

I      Estremadura,  ds-tr&-m&-oOo'ri  (Fr.  Eatrimadure,  Ss^- 

'  tdL'mi'diiR'),  an  old  province,  now  a  captain-generalcy,  in 

I  the  S.W.  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  Leon,  E.  by  New  and  Old 

i  Castile,  S,  by  Andalusia,  and  W.  by  Portugal.     It  is  now 

I  Bomprised  in  the  provinces  of  Badajos  and  Caoeres.     Area, 

I  15,705  square  miles.   On  the  N.  it  is  bounded  by  the  Sierras 

)  de  Grados,  de  Bejar,  and  de  Gata ;  on  the  S.  by  the  Sierra  de 

i  Constantina,  a  continuation  of  the  Sierra  Morena;  and  in  the 

centre  it  is  divided  by  the  Sierras  de  Guadalupe  and  San 

I  Benito  into  two  regions,  the  N.  watered  by  the  Tagus,  and 

I  the  S.  by  the  Guadiana.   Soil  very  fertile,  but  almost  wholly 

i  devoted   to  pasturage.     Agriculture  is   greatly  neglected; 

I  much  less  corn,  wine,  flax,  hemp,  <fcc.,  is  raised  than  is  re- 

'  quired  for  home  consumption ;  and  chestnuts  form  a  large 

portion  of  the  food  of  the  inhabitants.     Millions  of  sheep 

are  driven  hither  to  feed  every  winter;  and  vast  herds  of 

I  hogs,  goats,  and  cattle  are  reared.     Lead-,  copper-,  silver-, 

and  iron-mines  exist,  but  they  are  nearly  all  neglected ;  and 

manufactures  are  insignificant. Adj.  and  inhab.  Estre- 

HENiAN,  4s-tre-mee'ne-an.  The  Spanish  EstrembSos,  fis-tr4- 
liin'yoce,  is  sometimes  used  by  English  writers  to  designate 
Ihe  inhabitants.     Pop.  734,377. 

Estremadura,  £s-tr&-m&-doo'r&,  a  province  of  Por- 
tugal, on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Capital,  Lisbon.  Area,  6872 
square  miles.     The  Tagus  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal 

Earts,  the  N.  of  which  is  more  mountainous  than  the  S., 
ut  also  more  fertile.  It  is  frequently  visited  by  earth- 
quakes. Principal  products,  wine,  fruits,  oil,  honey,  cork, 
iumach,  and  salt.  Nearly  sufficient  corn  is  raised  for  home 
oonsumption.  Few  mines  are  wrought ;  and  manufactures 
are  unimportant.  The  province  is  subdivided  into  the  dis- 
tricts of  Lisbon,  Leiria,  and  Santarem,  and  besides  the 
cities  of  those  names  it  comprises  Setubal,  Torres- Vedras, 
Thomar,  and  Cintra.     Pop.  853,876. 

Estremera,  fis-tri-mi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
tile, province  and  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madrid,  near  the 
Tagus.     Pop.  1635. 

Estremoz,  ds-tri-mSze',  sometimes  written  Estre- 
mez,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Evora.  It  has  a  strong  castle  on  an  eminence,  an 
arsenal  and  cavalry  barracks,  manufactures  of  earthen- 
ware, and  a  trade  in  hardwares.  Near  it  are  marble-quar- 
ries.    Pop.  6646. 

F.stremoz,  4s-tr&-moze',  a   town   of  Brazil,  state   of 


Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  the  Lake  of  Guajiru,  16  milea  N. 
of  Natal,  and  12  miles  from  the  sea.     Pop.  about  itOO. 

Eswan,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Asswan. 

Eszek,  Esseck,  ^s'slk^,  or  Essegg,  hi'ehg  (Slavonic, 
Oszik,  os'sik ;  anc.  Mur'»ia,  or  Mw'aa),  one  of  the  most 
strongly  fortified  towns  of  Austria-Hungary,  the  chief  town 
of  Slavonia,  on  the  navigable  river  Drave,  13  miles  from 
its  confluence  with  the  Danube,  and  on  a  railway.  The 
modern  fortress  contains  many  massive  buildings,  including 
an  arsenal  and  barracks,  and  is  strengthened  by  additional 
works  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Drave.  Around  it,  be- 
yond its  glacis,  are  the  upper,  lower,  and  new  towns,  in 
which  last  most  of  the  trade  is  conducted.  Eszek  has  a 
town  house,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  manufactures 
of  silk,  and  fairs  for  corn,  cattle,  and  hides.     Pop.  17,247. 

J^szterhaz,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Esterhazt. 

Etables,  iHib'l',  a  town  of  France,  in  C&tes-du-Nord, 
on  the  English  Channel,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2961. 

E'tah,  a  district  of  the  Agra  division,  British  India. 
Lat.  27°  20'  30"-28°  1'  N.;  Ion.  78°  29'-79°  20'  E.  It  is 
an  alluvial  region.  Cotton,  grain,  opium,  and  indigo  are 
leading  products.  Area,  1512  square  miles.  Capital,  Etah. 
Pop.  703,845. 

Etah,  written  also  Ita,  and  Eytah,  ee'ti,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  above  district,  in  a  low  region  subject 
to  floods,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.     Pop,  6507. 

Etaiu,  d,^t4N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meuse,  on  the  Orne, 
12  miles  E.N.B.  of  Verdun.  Pop.  2815.  It  has  a  communal 
college  and  manufactures  of  cottons. 

Etale,  i-t&'l^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  24 
miles  S.W,  of  Bastogne.     Pop.  1600. 

Etampes,  iHfiMp',  formerly  Estampes  (anc.  Stam'- 
psE  ?),  a  town  of  France,  Seine-et-Oise,  35  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Paris.  It  has  a  Gothic  church  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
the  remains  of  a  royal  castle,  numerous  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  soap,  hosiery,  and  linen  thread.    Pop.  7511. 

j^tang  de  Berre,  ^^tdN"'  d^h  bain,  a  vast  lagoon  of 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh&ne,  E.  of  the  easternmost  branch 
of  the  Rhone.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  sea  by  a  pas- 
sage called  the  Port-de-Bouc,  and  has  extensive  salt-works 
and  eel-fisheries. 

Etang  de  Thau,  i't6is»'  d^h  t5,  a  lagoon  of  France, 
in  H6rault,  separated  from  the  Mediterranean  by  the  nar- 
row tongue  of  land  on  which  is  the  town  of  Cette,  and 
communicating  N.E.  with  the  similar  lagoon  of  Maguelonne. 
Length,  13  miles ;  average  breadth,  3  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Canal  du  Midi,  affords  an  abundance  of  fish,  and  is 
frequented  by  flocks  of  aquatic  birds. 

Etang  de  Valcares,  iH6No'  d^h  virkaR',  a  salt 
lagoon  of  South  France,  in  the  delta  of  the  Rhone. 

£taug  du  Nord,  d,H&N"'  dii  noR,  a  post-village  in  the 
western  extremity  of  Grindstone  Island,  one  of  the  Magda- 
len group,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  120  miles  S.E.  of 
Gaapg  Basin.     The  inhabitants  are  of  French  descent. 

liitaples,  or  Estaples,  iHipT  (anc.  Stap'ulmf),  a 
seaport  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Canche, 
near  its  mouth,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Boulogne.  It  ha« 
breweries  and  distilleries,  and  a  trade  in  salt.     Pop.  2741. 

Etats-Unis,  the  French  for  the  United  States. 

Etawah,  dtH&'w&,  orEtaweh,  StH&'w^h,  a  district  of 
India,  division  of  Agra,  in  the  Doab.  Lat.  26°  21'-27°  N. 
Ion.  78°  46'-79°  47'  E.  Area,  1691  square  miles.  Prinoi 
pal  towns,  Minpooree  and  Etawah. 

Etawah,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  the  abova 
district,  on  the  Jumna,  63  miles  S.E.  of  Agra,  with  remains 
of  former  grandeur.     Pop.  30,549. 

Etcheinin,  fit'ch§-min  (Fr.  prou,  Stch^?h-miN»'),  or 
Echemiu,  a  river  of  Quebec,  flowing  from  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  lat.  46°  21'  N.,  Ion.  70°  37'  W.  It  falls  into 
the  St.  Lawrence  between  3  and  4  miles  above  the  city  of 
Quebec.     Entire  length,  about  50  miles. 

EtcheU'Chai,  the  Turkish  name  of  Xanthus. 

Etch'ison,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Etchiiiiadzin,  a  town  of  Armenia.     See  Ecbmiedzht. 

Eted,  iHW,  or  Eteta,  AHi'tShS  a  village  of  Transyl- 
vania,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maros-Vasarhely.     Pop.  1470. 

Eten,  i-tfin',  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lam- 
bayeque,  near  the  sea.  Its  port,  an  open  roadstead,  is  the 
terminus  of  a  railway  to  Lambayeque,  28  miles  distant.  It 
has  an  iron  mole  2600  feet  long,  with  steam  cranes  and 
launches  for  unlading  ships ;  also  machine-shops,  foundries, 
and  manufactories  of  hats  and  cigar-boxes.     Pop.  3000. 

Eth'an,  a  post- village  of  Davison  oo.,  S.D.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Mitchell.     It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  to. 

Eth'el,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ga. 

Ethel,  a  post-offioe  of  Orange  oo.,  Ind. 


£TH 


1140 


ETO 


Ethiopia,  e-the-o'pe-a  (L.  jEthio'pia ;  Qr.  AiiJiojria, 
Aithiopia),  the  name  given  by  the  ancient  geographers  to 
the  countries  S.  of  Egypt.  It  was  often  vaguely  applied  to 
the  whole  southern  part  of  Africa  from  the  Red  Sea  to  the 
Atlantic,  or,  to  apeak  more  correctly,  as  far  W.  as  the 
knowledge  of  the  ancients  extended.     In  its  most  exact 

Solitical  sense  it  seems  to  have  denoted  the  kingdom  of 
[eroe ;  but,  with  a  wider  application,  it  included  also  the 
kingdom  of  the  Axomitae,  besides  several  other  tribes, — the 
Troglodytes  and  the  Ichthyophagi  on  the  Red  Sea,  and  ithe 
Blemmyes,  Megabari,  and  Nubae  in  the  interior.  The  peo- 
ple of  Ethiopia  were  of  Semitic  race,  and  spoke  the  Qeez,  a 
language  allied  to  the  Arabic.  Their  religion  appears  to 
have  been  similar  to  that  of  the  Egyptians,  though  free 
from  their  grosser  superstitions.  Some  traditions  made 
Meroe  the  parent  of  Egyptian  civilization,  while  others 
ascribed  the  civilization  of  Ethiopia  to  Egyptian  coloniza- 
tion. So  great  was  the  power  of  the  Ethiopians  that  more 
than  once  in  its  history  Egypt  was  governed  by  Ethiopian 
kings,  while  the  most  powerful  kings  of  Egypt  do  not  seem 
at  any  time  to  have  acquired  a  permanent  hold  upon  Ethi- 
opia. At  present  the  name  sometimes  designates  Abyssinia 
and  its  surroundings,  and  sometimes  applies  in  a  vague 
way  to  a  much  larger  and  indefinite  region  of  Central 
Africa. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ethiopian,  e-the-o'pe-an. 

Gtive,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Etive. 

E^ou,  dt-yoo',  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Kioo- 
Sioo,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Nagasaki. 

Etko,  St'ko,  or  At'koo,  called  also  Boheyret  At- 
koo,  a  lagoon  of  Lower  Egypt,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rosetta, 
18  miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  5  miles  in  breadth.  It  is 
separated  from  the  Mediterranean  by  a  narrow  sand-bank, 
on  which  is  the  village  of  Etko,  14  miles  E.  of  Abookeer. 

Et'lah,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Etna,  fit'na  (L.  JEt'na ;  Sicilian,  Mongibello,  mon-je- 
bfll'lo;  a  corruption  of  the  Oihhel  Uttamat,  or  "mountain 
of  fire,"  of  the  Saracens),  a  volcano  in  the  N.E.  of  Sicily, 
near  the  coasts  and  within  a  short  distance  of  Catania.  The 
loftiest  summit  is  in  lat.  37°  43'  31"  N.,  Ion.  15°  E.,  and  is 
10,874  feet  above  sea-level.  The  base  covers  an  area  of 
nearly  90  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  almost  encircled  by 
the  rivers  Alcantara  and  Giaretta,  the  sea  marking  its 
limits  on  the  E.  The  dimensions  of  the  crater  have  been 
variously  stated,  the  circumference  from  2^  miles  to  4  miles, 
and  the  depth  from  600  to  800  feet ;  but  the  height  of  the 
cone,  the  diameter  of  the  crater,  and  its  depth,  are  liable  to 
constant  change.  Although,  when  viewed  from  a  distapce, 
Etna  presents  a  very  symmetrical  cone,  it  is  found,  on  a 
nearer  approach,  to  have  an  exceedingly  diversified  sur- 
face and  to  be  studded  on  its  flanks  by  numerous  minor 
cones.  When  viewed  from  above,  these  present  one  of  the 
most  striking  scenes  imaginable,  being  arranged  in  beauti- 
ful picturesque  groups  and  richly  clothed  with  wood, — those 
in  the  higher  parts  with  lofty  pines,  and  those  at  lower 
elevations  with  chestnuts,  oaks,  beech,  and  holm.  The  great 
terminating  cone,  at  the  summit  of  which  is  the  principal 
crater  or  opening,  which  is  continually  throwing  out  sul- 
phurous vapors,  rises  from  an  irregular  plain  9  miles  in 
circumference  and  about  1100  feet  below  the  culminating 
point.  The  interior  of  this  crater  is  incrusted  with  sulphur 
and  salts  to  the  depth  of  about  100  yards.  The  bottom  of 
the  crater  is  level  and  tolerably  hard,  though,  from  being 
composed  of  loose  cinders,  the  feet  sink  in  in  some  places. 
About  80  eruptions  of  Etna  are  recorded  in  history ;  the 
more  remarkable  ones  of  later  periods  are  those  of  1792, 
1811,  1819,  1832,  1843,  1865,  and  1874.  The  eruption  of 
1792  continued  for  a  whole  year ;  the  streams  of  lava  which 
flowed  from  the  mountain  on  that  occasion  were  often  30 
feet  high  while  in  their  fluid  state.  In  that  of  1832,  numer- 
ous fiery  mouths  opened  in  the  sides  of  the  mountain,  from 
which,  in  the  midst  of  violent  explosions  and  tremendous  dis- 
charges of  ashes  and  cinders,  issued  a  stream  of  lava  18 
miles  in  length,  1  mile  broad,  and  30  feet  high.  In  1669 
one  of  these  burning  streams  of  molten  matter  overtopped 
the  ramparts  of  Catania,  60  feet  in  height,  and  fell  in  a 
fiery  cascade  into  the  city,  a  part  of  which  it  destroyed ;  and 
the  solid  lava  may  still  be  seen  curling  over  the  top  of  the 
rampart,  like  a  cascade  in  the  act  of  falling.  At  the  foot 
of  the  crater  of  Mount  Etna,  9652  feet  above  the  sea,  is  a 
building,  called  the  English  House.  This  house  is  covered 
with  snow  till  the  middle  of  June,  and  fresh  snow  falls  on 

it  in  August. Adj.  Etnban,  4t-nee'an  (L.  iExN^'us). 

Et'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Ozark. 
Etna,  a  post-office  of  Polk  oo.,  Ga. 


Etna,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  180  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Etna,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1007. 
It  contains  Etna  Green. 

Etna,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  429.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Hecla. 

Etna,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  854,  ex- 
clusive of  Ackley  and  Abbott. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Etna 
township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
Bangor.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  844. 

Etna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about  32 
miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Etna,  a  post- village  of  Scotland  oo.,  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Etna,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Dryden 
township,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
union  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  planing-mill, 
and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  230. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  in  Etna  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Pataskala  Station,  and  17  miles  E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  a  broom- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  258 ;  of  the  township,  1224. 

Etna,  a  post-borough  in  Shaler  township,  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western  Penn 
sylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  5  miles 
above  Alleghany  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  public  hall,  5 
hotels,  a  large  blast-furnace,  a  rolling-mill,  and  gas-pipe- 
works,  in  which  natural  gas  is  used  as  a  fuel.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1447  ;  in  1880,  2334 ;  in  1890,  3767. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington,  22  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Vancouver.  It  has  a  church,  lumber- 
mills,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  100. 

Etna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  13  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Darlington.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  Lead  is 
found  here  in  magnesian  limestone.     Pop.  50. 

Etna  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

Etna  Furnace,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Iron  Railroad,  10  miles  by  rail  from  Ironton. 

Etna  Green,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  50 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  411. 

Etna  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  23 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Yreka.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  291. 

Etna  Mills,  a  post-office  of  King  William  co.,  Va. 

Etna  Station,  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  is  on  the  Iron 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Ironton,  and  at  the  junction  of  the 
branch  leading  to  Ellison. 

^toile,  4Hw4r,  or  L'Etoile,  liHwil',  a  town  of  France, 
in  DrSme,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  946. 

Etolia,  a  district  of  Greece.    See  ^tolia. 

Etolin  Harbor,  Alaska.    See  Fort  Wrangell. 

E'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Thames,  opposite  Windsor,  with  which  it  if 
connected  by  a  handsome  bridge.  The  town  is  famous  for 
its  college,  founded  by  King  Henry  VI.  in  1446,  and  now  a 
favorite  seat  of  preliminary  instruction  for  the  sons  of  the 
nobility  and  gentry.     Pop.  2806. 

Etoni'ah,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Putnam  co., 
Fla.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a  church.  Oranges, 
lemons,  pine-apples,  and  bananas  flourish  here. 

Et'owah  (generally  called  hi'to-wa,  and  formerly  writ- 
ten Highto  wer),  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Lumpkin  co., 
and  runs  southwestward  through  Dawson  and  Cherokee 
COS.  It  flows  nearly  northwestward  through  Bartow  co., 
and  unites  with  the  Oostenaula  River  at  Rome  to  form  the 
Coosa.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles.  Gold  is  found 
near  this  river, 

Etowah,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Coosa  River,  and  also  drained  by  Wills  and  other  creeks. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  extensive 
forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Eastern  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia,  Louisville 
&  Nashville,  Tennessee  <fc  Coosa,  and  Chattanooga  Southern 
Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Gadsden,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,109;  in  1880, 
15,398;  in  1890,  21,926. 

Etowah,  a  station  in  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Western 
&  Atlantic  Railroad,  46  miles  N.AV.  of  Atlanta. 


ETR 


1141 


EUG 


l^tretat,  iHs^h-Ul',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  English  Channel,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Havre. 
Pop.  1976. 

£truria)  e-troo're-&,  in  anoient  times  one  of  the  most 
important  countries  of  Italy,  now  forms  the  greater  part  of 
Tuscany  and  a  portion  of  Umbria.  The  name  was  restored 
by  Napoleon,  who,  in  1801,  formed  of  the  grand  duchy  of 
Tuscany  the  kingdom  of  Etruria,  which  was  united  to  the 

French  Empire  in  1807.  (See  Tuscany.) Adj.  and  inhab. 

Etru'bian  and  Etbus'can. 

£tru'ria,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  StaflFord,  li  miles 
N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme.  Here  were  the  manufac- 
tures of  Wedgwood,  the  great  improver  of  English  pottery. 

£t8Chj  the  German  name  of  the  river  Adioe. 

Etsed,  or  Ecsed,  Stoh^Sd',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Heves,  about  5  miles  from  GySngyos.     Pop.  1900. 

Etsed)  or  Ecsed,  a  village  of  Hungary,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Szathmar-Nemeth,  on  the  Kraszna.    Pop.  1300. 

Etska,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Ecska. 

Et'ta,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  23  miles  (direct) 
B.N.E.  of  Downieville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  sash-  and  door-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Et'ta  Jane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  S.C,  14  miles 
8.  of  Gaffney's  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Ettelbriick,  4t't§l-briik\  a  village  of  Luxemburg,  at  a 
railway  junction,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Diekirch.     Pop.  2879. 

Etten,  St't§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  6  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1100. 

Ettenheim,  St't^n-hlme^  a  town  of  Baden,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2799. 

Et'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Hastings.     Pop.  about  100. 

Etter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  oo.,  Va.,  8  miles  (direct) 
S.W.  of  Wytheville. 

Etters,  York  co..  Pa.     See  Goldsborouoh. 

Ettisweil,  St'tis-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  Roth.     Pop.  945. 

Ettlingen,  5tt'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Baden,  4^  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  5288.  It  has  gunpowder-,  paper-, 
and  cotton-mills. 

Et'trick,  a  river  of  Scotland,  joining  the  Tweed,  after  a 
course  of  24  miles,  2  miles  below  Selkirk. 

Ettrick,  a  mountainous  parish  of  Scotland,  near  the 
head-waters  of  the  Ettrick  River,  co.  and  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Selkirk.  Hogg,  "the  Ettrick  Shepherd,"  was  born  and 
spent  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in  this  parish. 

Et'trick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Blair  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  25  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cream- 
ery, a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Et'trick  For'est,  a  pastoral  tract  of  Scotland,  watered 
by  the  Ettrick,  originally  a  part  of  the  Great  Caledonian 
Forest,  now  almost  coextensive  with  Selkirk  co. 

Et'trick-Pen,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  near  the  source 
of  the  Ettrick  River,     Height,  2200  feet. 

Et'tricks,  a  post- village  of  Chesterfield  CO.,  Va.,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  991. 

Ettyek,  fitt^yik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Stub  I - 
weissenburg,  12  miles  from  Martonvasar.     Pop.  2236. 

Etymandrus,  or  Etymander.    See  Helmund. 

Eu,  uh  (L.  Auga  or  Augium),  a  town  of  France,  in 
8eine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Bresle,  near  the  English  Channel, 
3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Le  Treport,  and  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dieppe.  In  its  parish  church,  with  a  crypt,  are  many  effi- 
gies of  the  Artois  family.  Counts  of  Eu.  The  Chateau  d'Eu 
contains  the  finest  collection  of  historical  portraits  in  France, 
and  is  surrounded  by  a  park  and  extensive  gardens.  The 
forest  of  Eu  extends  for  a  considerable  distance  to  the  E. 
and  S.     Pop.  4169. 

Enba,  oi'bi,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau, 
near  Thum.     Pop.  1903. 

Enba  (yu'ba)  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Port  Henry.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  and  4  large 
kilns  for  charcoal. 
I    Eubanks,  yu'banks,  a  post-oflBce  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga. 

Eubanks,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Adams  oo.,  111., 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Quincy. 

Enbank's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co..  Ark, 


dom  of  Greece,  of  which  it  forms  a  nome,  in  the  iEgean 
]  Sea,  lying  along  the  coast  of  Boaotia  and  Attica,  between 
■  lat.  37°  56'  and  39°  2'  N.  and  Ion.  22°  40'  and  24°  40'  E., 
"  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  channel  of  Euboea 
;    («ee  EuRiPus),  crossed  by  a  bridge  at  its  narrowest  point. 


Its  length  is  115  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth  33  miles. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  but  very  fertile.  The  highest 
mountains  are  Delphi,  near  the  centre,  on  the  northern 
coast,  6259  feet  high,  Kandili,  4337,  and  St.  Elias,  between 
4000  and  5000  feet  high.  The  principal  products  are  corn, 
wine,  cotton,  wool,  pitch,  and  turpentine.  Many  cattle, 
sheep,  and  goats  are  reared.  The  principal  towns  are  Chal- 
cis,  capital  of  the  northern  division  (Euboea),  and  Karysto, 
the  chief  town  of  the  southern  division.  Mineral  products, 
lignite  and  chrome  ores,  black  marble,  magnesia,  &o.  Pop. 
of  nome,  which  includes  several  smaller  islands,  82,541. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Eubcean,  yu-bee'an. 

Euchee,  yu'chee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn., 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Sweetwater.  It  has  manufactures  of  iron 
and  wool. 

Euchee  Anna,  or  Uchee  Anna,  yu'chee  an'n%,  a 
post- village,  capital  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  about  115  miles 
W.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Euchee  (or  Uchee)  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  E.  through 
Russell  CO.,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee. 

Euclid,  yll'klld,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Crookston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  pub- 
lic schools.     Pop.  350. 

Euclid,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Clay 
township,  near  the  Oneida  River,  about  11  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cigar-factory,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  138. 

Euclid,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  near  Euclid 
Station,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  dummy  railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
basket-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Eucut'ta,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Miss. 

Eudokeef  (yuMo-keef)  or  Fog'gy  Islands,  Alaska, 
a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Pacific,  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Alaska,  a  part  of  the  group  of  Seven  Islands. 

Eudo'ra,  a  village  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  100  miles  above  Vicksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eudora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Ga.,  14  miles  S. 
of  Covington. 

Eudora,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  in  Eu- 
dora township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Eanssis  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wakarusa,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lawrence. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  618. 

Eudora,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
W.  of  Hernando.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Eudora,  a  post-office  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo. 

Euerdorf,  oi'^r-doRr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale, 
29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1087. 

Eufaula,  yu-faw'la,  a  city  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  about  50  miles  S.  of 
Columbus,  Ga.,  and  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montgomery.  Large 
steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  point  at  all  seasons. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Montgomery  <fc  Eufaula  Railroad, 
and  of  the  Southwestern  Georgia  Railroad,  which  connects 
here  with  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  public  hall,  a  female  college,  4  banking-houses, 
3  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.  A 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  About 
30,000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  annually.  Pop.  in 
1880,  3836;  in  1890,  4394. 

Eufaula,  a  post- village  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, and  a  station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 123  miles  N.  of  Denison.  It  has  2  churches,  2  acad- 
emies, and  a  newspaper  office. 

Eufemia,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Santa  Eufeuia. 

Euganean  (yu-g&'ne-an)  Hills,  a  low  range  of  North- 
ern Italy,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Padua,  extending  for  about  10 
miles  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  containing  many  fossil  re- 
mains, and  hot  springs  resorted  to  for  bathing. 

Eugene,  yu-jeen',  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  HI.,  in 
Elba  and  Truro  townships,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 

Eugene,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Eu- 
gene township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Danville,  lU., 
and  37  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school  and  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a 
saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  tomb-stones,  bricks,  flour, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3474. 

Eugene,  a  post-village  of  Ringgold  oo.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.  of  Afton,  and  about  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dee  Moines.  It 
has  a  church. 

Eugene,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Willamette  River,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  nav- 
igation, and  on  the  Oregon  &   California  Railroad,  124 


^AvLCv^X^ 


EUG 


1142 


EUR 


miles  S.  of  Portland,  and  45  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
court-house,  12  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
flour,  furniture,  lumber,  and  leather.  It  is  the  site  of  the 
new  state  university,  and  is  partly  surrounded  by  an  amphi- 
theatre of  low  mountains.  Two  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  about  4000. 

£ugenia«  yu-jee'ne-a,  a  post-village  of  Grey  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  N.  of  Flesherton,  at  the  falls  of  Beaver  River, 
which  affords  power  utilized  in  a  number  of  mills.     P.  100. 

Euharlee^  or  Euharley,  yu-har'lee,  a  post- village  of 
Bartow  co.,  Gra.,  on  the  Etowah  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Eu- 
harlee  Creek,  2  miles  from  the  Cherokee  Railroad,  and  about 
45  miles  N.  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300. 

Euharlee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Polk  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  the  Etowah  River  in  Bartow  co. 

En>Ho,  a  river  in  China.     See  Yu-Ho. 

Enlseus,  the  ancient  name  of  Earoon. 

£ulalia,  yu-la'le-a,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

JEulau,  oi'lSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  12  miles 
N.  of  Aussegg.     Pop.  2566. 

£ule,  oi'l§h,  or  £lau,  &'15w,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  12 
miles  S.  of  Prague,  once  noted  for  its  gold-mines.    P.  1798. 

£nlenberg)  oi'l§n-bdRO\  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles 
N.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  320. 

Sulia,  yu'le-q.,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  La  Fayette.     It  has  2  stores. 

Eulogy,  yu'l9-g9,  a  post-Tillage  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  20 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Meridian.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  general  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  100. 

Eunieh,  a  village  of  Turkey.     See  Unyeh. 

Ennostein  Engers,  a  town  of  Germany.  SeeENQERS. 

Eupatoria,  yu-pi-to're-a,  formerly  Koslow,  or 
KosloT,  kos-lov',  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  western  coast 
of  the  Crimea,  38  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Simferopol.  It  has  a 
Tartar  school,  mosque,  hospital,  custom-house,  a  large  har- 
bor, and  trade  in  salt,  provisions,  black  lambs'  fur,  and 
hides.     Pop.  8294,  in  part  Karaite  Jews. 

Eupen,  oi'p§n  (Fr.  N6au,  ni^o'),  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Vesdre, 
and  on  a  railway.  It  has  important  manufactories  of 
woollens.     Pop.  14,759. 

Eupeptic  (yu-pep'tik)  Springs,  a  post-ofBoe  and 
watering-place  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles  N.  of  States- 
ville. 

Euphemia,  yu-fee'me-a,  a  post-village  of  Preble  oo., 
0.,  on  Twin  Creek,  in  Harrison  township,  about  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  107. 

Euphrates,  yu-fri't5z  (Turk.  El  Frat,  41  frit;  also 
called  by  the  natives  Moorad),  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
celebrated  for  the  great  events  that  have  occurred  on  its 
banks,  and  for  the  renowned  cities  whose  walls  it  has  laved, 
has  its  sources  in  two  principal  branches  in  about  40°  N.  lat. 
and  between  41°  30'  and  42°  55'  E.  Ion.  Moorad-Chai,  its 
easternmost  and  largest  branch,  has  its  origin  in  the  Anti- 
Taurus  Mountains,  near  the  meridian  last  named,  while  a 
smaller  branch,  KarS-Soo,  rises  70  or  80  miles  farther  W. 
in  the  same  range,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Erzroom.  These 
main  confluents  unite  near  Kebin-Maden  (or  Eebb^n- 
Maden),  in  lat.  about  38°  58'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  30'  E.,  and 
from  thence  take  the  name  of  Euphrates.  The  general 
course  of  the  two  principal  affluents  before  their  union,  as 
well  as  that  of  the  main  river,  is  S.W.  to  within  about  80 
miles  of  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  From  this  point  the  Eu- 
phrates flows  a  little  E.  of  S.  for  87  miles,  or  65  miles  in  a 
direct  line  to  Balis,  in  lat.  36°  1'  21"  N.  and  Ion.  38°  7' 
10"  E.  Thence  it  takes  a  general  southeastern  course, 
which,  with  innumerable  detours,  it  preserves  till  it  dis- 
charges its  waters  into  the  Persian  Gulf,  after  a  course  of 
more  than  1780  miles  from  the  head-waters  of  the  Moorad- 
Chai.  The  latter  river  of  itself  has  a  course  of  400  miles 
before  its  junction  with  the  Kar£-Soo.  For  about  580 
miles  from  their  sources  the  Euphrates  and  its  upward  trib- 
utaries flow  through  a  mountainous  country.  The  Eu- 
phrates lower  down  offers  a  perpetual  variety  in  its  devious 
course,  which  is  now  through  swelling  hills,  and  now  wash- 
ing the  base  of  some  perpendicular  cliff",  crowned  with  its 
ruined  castle  or  fortress.  At  80  miles  below  Rakka  preci- 
pices rise  abruptly  to  a  height  of  from  300  to  500  feet  above 
the  water's  edge.  At  Hit,  in  lat.  33°  38'  N.  and  Ion.  42° 
52'  E.,  the  country  begins  to  be  level,  and  both  above  and 
below  this  town  ancient  irrigating  aqueducts  of  costly  con- 
struction diverge  from  the  main  stream.  The  Euphrates 
is  120  yards  in  width  a  little  below  the  junction  of  its  two 
main  branches;  while  its  general  breadth  varies  from  200 
to  400  and  even  600  yards,  but  narrows  (owing  to  the  nu- 
merous canals  for  irrigation)  below  Hillah  to  160,  120,  and 


even  60  yards  in  width.  After  receiving  the  Tigris,  in 
about  31°  N.  lat.  and  47°  29'  E.  Ion.,  the  united  rivers  take 
the  name  of  Shat-el-Arab,  which  expands  to  nearly  half  a 
mile  in  breadth,  and  for  the  laat  40  miles  to  even  a  greater 
breadth.  The  general  depth  of  the  Upper  Euphrates  ex- 
ceeds 8  feet,  and  between  Khaboor  and  Bassorah,  or  Basrah, 
the  depth  varies  from  8  to  21  feet,  the  shallows  being  in  the 
lower  parts  of  the  river,  in  the  marshes  once  forming  the 
Chaldean  Lake,  where  the  Euphrates  separates  into  two 
branches,  from  which  smaller  ones  and  numerous  irrigating 
cuts  diverge.  Below  Bassorah  the  depth  increases  to  30 
feet,  and  in  some  instances  to  40  feet  or  more.  The  current 
varies  from  2  to  4  miles  an  hour  at  high  water.  At  Hit 
the  mean  velocity  is  4.46  feet  per  second,  while  that  of  the 
Danube  at  Pesth  is  but  2.33  feet.  The  Euphrates  is  navi- 
gable without  serious  interruption  from  Someisat  to  the 
sea,  a  distance  of  1195  miles,  and  rafts  are  floated  down 
even  above  the  latter  town.  There  are,  however,  some  ob- 
structions to  navigation  at  low  water,  caused  by  ledges  of 
rocks.  Steamboat  navigation  is  developed  to  some  extent, 
but  far  less  than  on  the  Tigris. 

It  is  remarkable  that  though  this  great  river  has  its 
sources  comparatively  near  the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas, 
and  approaches  to  within  less  than  100  miles  of  the  Medi- 
terranean near  its  middle  course,  it  should  yet  discharge 
itself  into  the  Persian  Gulf,  the  most  remote  of  the  four 
seas.  The  quantity  of  water  discharged  by  the  Shatt-el- 
Arab  is  computed  at  236,907  cubic  feet  per  second.  The 
principal  tributaries  of  the  Euphrates  descending,  and  in 
order  below  Kebfin-Maden,  are  the  Kard-Soo,  the  Sajur, 
the  Khaboor,  the  Tigris  (almost  equal  in  magnitude  to 
the  Euphrates,  and  much  deeper),  and  the  Karoon. 

The  flooding  of  the  Euphrates  is  caused  by  the  melting 
of  the  snow  in  the  mountains  along  the  upper  part  of  its 
course.  This  takes  place  about  the  beginning  of  March, 
and  increases  gradually  up  to  the  end  of  May.  The  river 
continues  high  and  very  rapid  for  30  or  40  days  ;  but  after- 
wards decreases  daily  until  it  reaches  its  lowest  in  Septem- 
ber and  October.  The  increment  of  land  about  the  delta 
has  been  found  to  be  a  mile  in  30  years, — double  that  of  any 
other  delta,— owing  greatly  to  the  nature  of  the  soil  over 
which  the  river  and  its  associates  flow,  and  to  this  detrital 
matter  being  deposited  in  so  land-locked  a  body  of  water 
as  the  Persian  Gulf,  where,  owing  to  the  inset  tide,  the 
sediment  is  poured  backward,  not  forward. 

Eupora,  yu-p5'rah,  a  post- village  of  Webster  co.,  Miss., 
37  miles  by  rail  W.  of  West  Point,  and  5  miles  (direct)  S. 
of  Walthall.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofSce, 
a  normal  school,  and  a  tobacco -factory.     Pop.  432. 

Euraea,  the  ancient  name  of  Yanika. 

Eure,  ur  or  on  (anc,  Ebura  ?),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  department  of  Orne,  flows  N.E.  through  the  depart- 
ments of  Eure-et-Loir  and  Eure,  and  joins  the  Seine  on 
the  left  above  Pont-de-l'Arche.  Its  chief  affluent  is  the 
Iton,  on  the  left.  Its  length  is  112  miles,  for  50  of  which 
it  is  navigable. 

Eure,  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France,  forms  part 
of  the  old  province  of  Normandy,  situated  on  the  estuary 
of  the  Seine,  between  lat.  48°  37'  and  49°  28'  N.  Area, 
2400  square  miles.  The  climate  is  mild  and  humid ;  the 
surface  is  generally  flat.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Seine 
and  its  affluents  the  Eure,  Rille,  and  Andelle,  and  the  Iton, 
an  affluent  of  the  Eure.  The  minerals  comprise  iron,  build- 
ing-stones, and  mill-stones.  Wheat  is  raised  for  exportation ; 
apples  and  pears  are  important  crops;  pasture  is  exten- 
sive, and  forests  cover  one-fifth  of  the  department.  Excel- 
lent horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  reared.  The  mining  and 
manufacturing  industry  is  very  active.  The  manufactures 
include  woollens,  cotton,  paper,  glass,  iron,  copper,  and  zinc 
wares.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondisse- 
ments  of  Les  Andelys,  Bernay,  Evreux,  Louviers,  and  Pont 
Audemer.     Capital,  Evreux.     Pop.  in  1891,  349,471. 

Eure-et-Loir,  UR-i-lwaR,  a  department  in  the  N.W. 
of  France,  forms  part  of  the  old  provinces  of  Orleaunais  and 
Ile-de-France,  and  is  situated  between  lat.  47°  57'  and  48" 
55'  N.  Area,  about  2300  square  miles.  Its  chief  rivers 
are  the  Eure  and  Loir.  There  are  many  marshes  in  the 
W.  The  climate  is  mild  and  temperate;  the  soil  is  ex- 
tremely fertile,  and  a  great  amount  of  cereal  grain  is  raised. 
It  is  considered  the  granary  of  Paris.  Here  excellent  cav- 
alry-horses are  reared,  and  numerous  cattle,  sheep,  and 
poultry.  The  department  is  poor  in  minerals,  but  has  sev- 
eral iron-works  and  manufactories  of  coarse  cloths,  cottons, 
and  paper.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Cbar- 
tres,  ChS.teaudun,  Dreux,  and  Nogent-le-Rotrou.  Capitalf 
Chartres.     Pop.  in  1891,  284,683. 

Eureka,  yu-ree'ka,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 


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evada,  is  intersected  by  the  Humboldt  River.  The  sur- 
ii;e  18  partly  mountainous.  The  8oil  requires  irrigation  to 
inder  it  fertile.  Here  are  rich  mines  of  silrer  and  lead, 
he  connty  is  traversed  by  two  railroads,  the  Central  Pa- 
lic  and  the  Eureka  &  Palisade.  Capital,  Eureka.  Pop. 
I  1875,  5029;  in  1880,  7086;  in  1890,  3275. 
I  Sureka,  a  station  of  De  Ealb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama 
j  Chattanooga  liailroad,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga. 
!  Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
hoecolocco  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Talladega.  It  has 
i  churches  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  The 
reek  affords  water-power. 

I  Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co.,  Ark.,  3  miles  W. 
r  Wittsburg. 

I  Eureka,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
n  Humboldt  Bay,  about  2  miles  (direct)  E.  of  the  Pacific 
jcean,  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  the  entrance  to  the  bay.  It  is 
pout  215  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a 
ank,  5  churches,  12  graded  schools,  2  seminaries,  a  oon- 
ent,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly 
IBWspapers,  a  foundry,  4  tanneries,  6  large  steam  lumber- 
lills,  machine-  and  boiler-works.  Steamboats  run  regu- 
^rly  to  San  Francisco,  240  miles  distant.  Eureka  has  a 
did  and  equable  climate.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains 
«nd  forests  of  redwood  trees,  which  attain  an  enormous 
■lie.  It  has  a  safe  harbor,  which  is  separated  from  the 
3'jan  by  a  very  narrow  tongue  of  land,  and  has  about  15 
«it  of  water  at  low  tide.  Large  quantities  of  redwood 
1  nber  are  exported  from  this  place.  Pop.  in  1890,  4858. 
I  Eureka,  a  township  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  1440. 
<t  contains  Eureka  South. 

'  Eureka,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
i'icifio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  San  Juan  co..  Col.,  6  miles 

irect)  N.  by  E.  of  Silverton.     Pop.  about  100. 

Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about  75 
;i  les  S.  by  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
jti  am  cotton-gin. 

I  Eureka,  a  post- village  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles  S.W. 
|f  Hawkinsville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Eureka,  a  post- village  of  Woodford  co..  111.,  at  the 
unction  of  two  railroads,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Peoria, 

d  136  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  contains  2  banks,  3 

arches,  a  high  school,  a  creamery,  a  tile-  and  brick-fac- 

•y,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  seat  of  Eureka 
^c liege,  which  was  founded  in  1855,  and  is  under  the  con- 
rol  of  the  Christians  or  Disciples  of  Christ.  Pop.  in  1890, 
]431. 

i  Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
V.  of  Rockport,  and  1  or  2  miles  from  the  Ohio  River.  It 
las  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.  It  is  a 
'lc  wheat-,  corn-,  and  tobacco-growing  district. 
i  Eureka,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  676. 
I  Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  in  Washing- 
pn  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Coming.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Eureka,  a  hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in  Richland 
awnship,  10  miles  S.  of  Tama  City.    It  has  a  church  and 

iitores. 

Eureka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greenwood  co.,  Ean- 
&»,  on  Fall  River,  48  miles  S.  of  Emporia,  and  about  32 
liles  E.  of  El  Dorado.  It  has  a  oonrt-nouse,  6  churches,  3 
anks,  2  flouring-mills,  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices. 
»op.  in  1880,  1127;  in  1890,  2259. 

Eureka,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  974. 

Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  oo.,  Ky.,  7  miles  W.  of 
Sddyville.     It  has  general  stores. 

I  Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Green- 
lush  township,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  John.    It  has  3  churches, 
t  iiouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 
I  Eureka,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  933. 
it  contains  Greenville. 

I  Eureka,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  761. 
it  contains  Christiana. 

I  Eureka,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  about  10  miles 
p.E.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  a  church. 

;  Eureka,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Marameo  River,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  A 
fhurches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  150. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  Hayes  co..  Neb. 
I  Eureka,  a  mining  post-village,  capital  of  Eureka  co., 
pfevada,  is  about  85  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  40  miles 
•rV.N.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  money- 
prder  post-office,  and  rich  mines  of  silver  and  lead,  and  is 
j)ne  of  the  most  important  places  in  the  state.  A  news- 
oaper  is  published  here.  The  Eureka  <fc  Palisade  Railroad, 
'*0  miles  long,  connects  this  point  with  Palisade  Station  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1609. 


Eureka,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  <fc  Truckee  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.  of  Virginia  City,  Nev. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 

Eureka,  Gallia  co.,  0.    See  Chambersburg. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  In 
Montgomery  township,  3  miles  from  Chalfont  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  flour-  and  saw-mill. 

Eureka,  a  post- village  of  McPherson  co.,  S.D.,  26  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Rosooe.  It  has  2  banks  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  552. 

Eureka,  Texas.    See  Eureka  Mills. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  Navarro,  Tex.,  13  miles  K 
of  Corsicana. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Juab  co., 
Utah,  20  miles  W.  of  Santaquin.  It  has  mines  of  copper, 
gold,  and  silver,  smelting-works,  and  quartz-mills. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Walla  Walla  co.,  Washington, 
17  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  general 
stores,  &a. 

Eureka,  a  post- village  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,  in  Rush- 
ford  township,  on  Fox  River,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Osh- 
kosh,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Ripon.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Steamers  ply  from  this  place  to 
Oshkosh.     Pop.  about  317. 

Eureka  luiHs,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Plu- 
mas CO.,  Cal.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a 
church. 

Eureka  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Elberton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Eureka  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va. 

Eureka  South  (Graniteville  Post-Office),  a  village 
and  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Nevada  City.     It  has  2  churches,  and  mines  of  gold, 

Eureka  Springs,  a  thriving  post-village  and  wtUer- 
ing-place,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  13  miles  by  rail  o.EJ. 
of  Seligman,  Mo.  It  has  mineral-waters  for  which  it  is 
celebrated.     Pop.  in  1890,  3706. 

Euripus,  yu-rl'p&s,  or  Chan'nel  of  Talau'da^  a 
long  strait  dividing  Euboea  from  the  mainland  of  Greece. 
It  is  113  miles  long,  but  at  its  narrowest  point  is  only  200 
feet  wide  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge.  Its  remarkable  tidal 
currents  have  been  noticed  from  early  times. 

Europa,  yu-ro'p&,  or  Bassas  (or  Baxos,  bi'shos) 
da  India,  b3,s'sd,s  d&  een'de-&,  an  island  in  the  Mozam- 
bique Channel,  3  or  4  miles  in  diameter.  Lat.  22°  30'  S. ; 
Ion.  40°  24'  E. 

Europe,  yu'riip  (Gr.  Evpciinj,  Europe;  Fr.  L' Europe, 
luh'rop' ;  L.  Euro' pa),  one  of  the  principal  divisions  of  the 
earth,  forming  the  N.W.  portion  of  the  Old  World.  It  is 
called  a  continent,  but  might  perhaps  be  more  justly  en- 
titled a  great  peninsula.  It  is  the  least  of  the  principal 
divisions  of  the  earth,  Australia  excepted,  and  yields  to  the 
others  not  only  in  general  grandeur  of  scale,  but  also  in  the 
size  of  its  rivers,  variety  of  vegetation,  and  mineral  treas- 
ures. Yet  it  is  remarkable  for  its  superiority  in  arms  and 
industry,  and  as  the  quarter  wherein  civilization  has  at- 
tained its  most  perfect  development. 

Europe  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  on  the 
N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean  or  North  Polar  Sea.  On  the  S.  it  is 
separated  from  Africa  by  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  which  is 
connected  with  the  Sea  of  Marmora  or  Propontis  by  the  strait 
called  the  Dardanelles  or  Hellespont ;  and  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora is  joined  on  the  E.N.E.  to  the  Black  Sea  or  Euxine 
by  the  strait  known  as  the  Bosporus.  The  Dardanelles 
and  Bosporus,  with  the  intervening  sea,  divide  Europe 
from  the  adjacent  shores  of  Asia  Minor.  N.E.  of  the  Black 
Sea  is  its  shallow  continuation,  the  Sea  of  Azof  (ano.  Pa'lus 
Mceo'tia),  which  closes  the  series  of  inland  waters  encom- 
passing the  shores  of  Europe  on  the  S.  and  S.E.  From  the 
Black  Sea,  the  line  which  separates  Europe  from  Asia,  or, 
in  general  terms,  the  E.  boundary  of  Europe,  is  somewhat 
arbitrary;  but  latterly  geographers  generally  regard  the 
watershed  of  the  Caucasus  as  the  dividing-line  as  far  as  the 
Caspian  Sea,  while  northward  from  the  Caspian  the  line  fol- 
lows the  crest  of  the  Ural  Mountains  to  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

The  northernmost  point  of  Europe,  on  the  mainland,  is 
Cape  Nordkyn,  in  Lapland,  lat.  71°  6'  N.  North  Cape,  on 
the  island  of  Mageroe,  lies  about  4  miles  farther  N.  The 
most  southern  points  of  the  continent  are  Punta  de  Tarifa, 
lat.  36°,  in  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  and  Cape  Matapan,  lat. 
36°  17',  which  terminates  the  Morea.  The  island  of  Crete 
reaches  a  little  S.  of  35°.  On  the  W.,  Cape  Finisterre 
(Spain)  is  in  Ion.  9°  27'  W.,  and  Cape  Roca  (Portugal)  in 
Ion.  9°  28'  W.;  while  Yekaterinboorg,  in  the  Uralian  Moun- 
tains, lies  in  Ion.  60°  36'  E.  Thus  Europe  may  be  said  to  ex- 
tend, in  round  numbers,  through  35  degrees  of  latitude  and 


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70  of  longitude.  From  Cape  Matapan  to  North  Cape  is  a 
direct  distance  of  2400  miles ;  from  Cape  St.  Vincent  to 
Yekaterinboorg,  N.E.  by  E.,  3400  miles.  The  coast-regions 
of  Europe  are  made  up  of  the  following  parts,  each  in  some 
measure  naturally  independent  of  the  rest, — namely,  the 
Scandinavian  Peninsula,  Jutland  and  the  Banish  Islands, 
the  British  Islands,  the  Iberian  Peninsula,  or  Spain  and 
Portugal,  the  peninsula  of  Italy,  and  that  of  Greece.  Ice- 
land also,  though  not  physically  connected  with  Europe, 
has  been  commonly  reckoned  as  part  of  it,  because  it  was 
known  to  Europeans  and  colonized  by  them  long  before 
the  discovery  of  America,  to  which  it  more  properly  be- 
longs. Owing  to  this  incompactness  of  figure  and  separa- 
tion into  peninsulas,  the  area  of  the  European  continent, 
notwithstanding  its  considerable  length  and  breadth,  does 
not  exceed  3,900,000  square  miles.  Towards  the  E.  it  be- 
comes more  compact,  or,  in  other  words,  it  loses  in  Russia 
its  characteristic  peninsular  features,  and  takes  a  tran- 
sitional form  before  it  commingles  with  Asia.  But  W.  of 
Cracow  and  the  Russian  territory  there  is  hardly  a  spot  in 
the  European  continent  which  is  300  miles  distant  from 
the  sea.  This  broken  coast-line  has  unquestionably  been 
one  of  the  prime  causes  of  the  commercial  supremacy  of 
Europe.  The  main  body  of  land  in  Europe,  viewed  on  the 
map,  has  nearly  the  form  of  a  right-angled  triangle. 

The  Atlantic  Ocean  takes  different  names  in  the  various 
portions  of  it  which  wash  the  W.  shores  of  Europe.  Thus, 
between  the  N.  coast  of  Spain  and  the  W.  coast  of  France 
lies  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  a  perpetually  troubled  sea.  Farther 
N.,  between  the  coasts  of  France  and  those  of  the  British 
Islands,  St.  George's  Channel  is  still  more  noted  for  tem- 

Eestuous  weather.  From  this  channel  a  branch  running  N., 
etween  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  is  named  the  Irish  Sea. 
Here,  in  lat.  52°  30'  N.,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  the 
streams  of  opposite  tides  from  N.  to  S.  are  so  exactly  coun- 
terbalanced that  the  sea  remains  always  at  its  mean  level ; 
while  in  the  British  Channel,  not  far  off,  the  tides  often  rise 
24  feet,  and  at  St.  Malo,  on  the  coast  of  Normandy,  40  or 
even  50  feet.  The  sea  between  Great  Britain  and  the  Low 
Countries  is  named  the  German  Ocean  or  North  Sea.  From 
this  a  great  gulf  or  inland  sea  branches  off  to  the  S.,  N., 
and  E.,  taking  successively  the  names  of  Skager  Rack, 
Cattegat,  and  the  Baltic  Sea.  In  lat.  59°  N.,  the  Gulf  of 
Finland  branches  off  to  the  E.  from  the  Baltic  for  a  length 
of  250  miles.  From  the  same  latitude  extends  N.  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  nearly  500  miles.  There  is  no  appre- 
ciable tide  in  the  Baltic,  and  its  waters  are  much  less  salt 
than  those  of  the  ocean.  N.E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  a 
depressed  tract  of  country,  with  numerous  lakes,  separates 
that  gulf  from  the  White  Sea,  which  is  a  deep  inlet  of  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  extending  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  between  the 
shores  of  Lapland,  Finland,  and  Russia,  nearly  400  miles. 
The  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  in  one  place  only  19  miles  wide, 
forms  the  communication  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and 
the  Mediterranean  Sea,  which  latter  has  an  extension  from 
W.  to  E.  of  2500  miles,  with  a  general  breadth  of  perhaps 
:500  miles ;  the  distance  from  the  African  to  the  European 
continent  in  some  places  exceeds  1000  miles.  Its  chief 
gulfs  are  the  Gulf  of  Venice  or  Adriatic  Sea,  between  Italy 
and  lUyria,  above  500  miles  in  length,  and  the  Archipelago, 
which  lies  between  the  Grecian  Peninsula  and  Asia  Minor. 
The  Mediterranean,  lying  generally  under  a  warm  zone 
(lat.  from  30°  to  45°  N.),  and  having  only  a  narrow  belt  be- 
tween it  and  the  Great  Desert  of  Africa,  is  much  exhausted 
by  evaporation,  and  a  constant  current  sets  into  it  from  the 
Atlantic  on  the  one  side,  as  well  as  from  the  Black  Sea  on 
the  other.  Hence  its  waters  rather  exceed  in  saltness  those 
of  the  ocean.  Owing  to  the  magnitude  of  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  the  phenomena  of  tides  are  perceptible  at  some  places ; 
but  in  the  Black  Sea  there  is  no  tide. 

Between  the  Ural  Mountains  and  the  Carpathian  stretches 
the  great  plain  which  (with  its  westward  extension  through 
Poland,  North  Germany,  the  Low  Countries,  and  the  N.  of 
Prance)  has  been  called  by  geographers  Low  Europe,  in- 
cluding over  three-fifths  of  the  whole  area.  The  remaining 
parts,  after  excluding  many  islands  and  peninsulas,  con- 
stitute the  plateau  of  High  Europe,  a  region  of  elevated 
plains,  with  many  mountain-lines  of  broken  and  varied 
direction,  but  mostly  of  no  great  height. 

The  mountains  of  Europe  form  several  distinct  groups  or 
systems,  of  very  different  geological  dates,  and  capable  of 
being  considered,  as  a  whole,  only  from  that  point  of  view 
which  discloses  their  combined  influence  on  the  climate, 
physical  character,  and  capabilities  of  the  continent  around 
them.  The  Scandinavian  Mountains,  to  which  the  great 
northern  peninsula  owes  its  form  and  in  some  respects  its 
oeouliar  climate,  extend  through  13  degrees  of  latitude 


(58°-71°),  or  above  900  miles,  from  the  Polar  Sea  to  the  8. 
point  of  Norway.  They  bear  many  names  in  succession : 
first,  descending  from  the  N.,  we  have  the  Lapland  Moan- 
tains  ;  then,  on  the  borders  of  Sweden,  the  Kiolen ;  then 
the  Dovrefield ;  after  which  come  the  Sognafield  and  Hardan- 
gerfield.  The  highest  summits  of  the  chain  are  Skagtolg- 
Tind,  in  Sognafield  (lat.  61°  24'  N.),  8390  feet,  and  Snee- 
batten,  in  the  Dovrefield  (lat.  62°  20'  N,),  8115  feet.  The 
highest  part  of  the  chain  is  from  the  middle,  southwards. 
They  nowhere  form  a  narrow  crest  at  their  summits,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  expand  into  plains,  fells,  or  fields  (fjelds), 
often  30  or  40  miles  wide.  Towards  the  E.  the  mountain- 
mass  declines  gradually ;  while  on  the  W.  it  falls  abruptly 
to  the  sea,  which  forms  numerous  deep  inlets,  or  fiords, 
along  the  coast  of  Norway.  In  the  British  Islands,  also,  the 
mountains  rise  chiefly  on  the  W. ;  and,  indeed,  the  older 
rocks  in  both  oases  seem  to  lie  in  parallel  courses,  as  if 
they  formed  parts  of  one  system.  But  the  mountains  of 
the  British  group  are  neither  so  simple  and  uniform  in 
their  geological  characters,  nor  so  elevated,  as  those  of  Nor- 
way. In  Scandinavia  there  are  no  traces  of  volcanic  rocks ; 
but  on  the  W.  side  of  Scotland  and  the  N.  shores  of  Ireland 
basalts  and  trap  rocks  are  widely  spread. 

The  mountains  of  France  occupy  chiefly  the  S.  and  E. 
departments ;  the  N.  and  W.  portions  of  the  country  be- 
long to  the  great  plain  of  Northern  Europe.  The  moun- 
tains of  Auvergne  extend  about  80  miles  from  N.  to  S., 
separating  the  basins  of  the  Loire  and  Garonne.  They 
form  a  table-land  3500  feet  high,  from  which  again  rise 
some  conical  peaks,  the  Pic  de  Sancy,  or  Mont  d'Or,  at- 
taining the  height  of  6188  feet;  Cantal,  6093  feet.  E.and 
S.  of  this  volcanic  mass  extend  the  C6vennes  for  about  180 
miles,  the  N.  portion  running  N.  and  S.  with  the  Rhone, 
while  the  S.  portion,  bending  to  the  S.W.,  approaches  the 
Pyrenees,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  depression 
through  which  passes  the  Canal  of  Languedoc,  uniting  the 
Mediterranean  with  the  Atlantic.  The  C6vennes  form  the 
demarcation  of  the  waters  flowing  into  these  two  seas. 
Their  general  elevation  is  about  3000  feet ;  but  a  few  points 
rise  2000  feet  higher.  The  Jura  Mountains,  extending 
about  200  miles  N.E.  and  S.W.,  form  a  barrier  between 
France  and  Switzerland.  Their  average  height  is  37O0 
feet;  but  the  most  elevated  point,  the  Molesson,  reache« 
6588  feet.  On  the  W.  of  the  Rhine,  between  it  and  the 
Moselle,  rise  the  Vosges,  which  form  a  chain  120  miles  in 
length  from  N.  to  S.,  with  a  mean  height  not  exceeding 
2650  feet.  The  dome-like  summits  of  this  chain  have  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Ballons ;  and  the  highest  of  them,  the 
Ballon  de  G«bweiler,  attains  an  elevation  of  4690  feet. 

On  the  S.,  France  is  divided  from  Spain  by  the  Pyrenees, 
a  narrow  chain,  250  miles  long,  and  hardly  50  miles  in 
breadth,  extending  in  an  E.S.E.  and  W.N.W.  direction,  from 
the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea  to  those  of  the  ocean ; 
though  some  consider  the  mountains  of  Asturias  and  6a- 
lioia,  which  stretch  above  300  miles  W.,  as  a  continuation 
of  the  Pyrenees.  The  central  line  or  axis  of  this  chain  is 
composed  of  granite,  overlaid  with  limestone.  The  highest 
point,  La  Maladetta,  or  Mont  Maudit,  called  also  Pic  de 
Nethou,  has  an  elevation  of  11,168  feet.  Several  other 
points  exceed  10,000  feet ;  and  as  the  limits  of  pei-petnal 
congelation  are  found  here  at  the  heights  of  8300  feet  and 
9100  feet,  on  the  N.  and  S.  faces  of  the  mountain  respect- 
ively, a  large  area  in  the  Pyrenees  is  covered  with  perpetual 
snow.  They  are  separated  on  the  S.  by  the  valley  of  the 
Ebro  from  the  elevated  plain  of  the  Spanish  Peninsula. 
This  great  plain,  or  table-land,  the  elevation  of  which 
varies  from  2200  feet  to  2800  feet,  has  a  superficial  extent 
of  not  less  than  90,000  square  miles.  It  descends  gradually 
on  the  W.  towards  Portugal ;  but  on  the  E.,  towards  the 
provinces  of  Catalonia  and  Valencia,  it  presents  an  abrupt 
steep  or  line  of  cliffs.  This  table-land  is  bounded  N.  and 
S.  by  chains  of  mountains  running  E.  and  W.,  and  between 
which  again  lie  three  other  chains,  inclining  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.  The  first  or  northernmost  of  these  reaches  in  its 
highest  point  an  elevation  of  about  8500  feet.  The  second 
mountain-chain  of  the  Iberian  table-land  is  the  Guadarrama, 
which  separates  the  valleys  of  the  Douro  and  the  Tagus. 
Towards  its  W.  extremity  it  is  better  known  as  the  Serni 
da  Estrella.  The  highest  point  of  these  mountains,  which 
are  visible  from  Madrid,  is  the  Penalara,  8200  feet  high- 
Between  the  Tagus  and  the  Guadiana  comes  the  Sierra  Guil-  ' 
dalupe,  the  fourth  chain ;  and  between  the  valleys  of  tM  ■■ 
Guadiana  and  Guadalquivir  the  Sierra  Morena,  both  loweiP  it 
than  the  preceding,  the  highest  ridge  of  the  former  Mt  ■)• 
exceeding  5100  feet;  while  the  Cumbre  de  Aracena,  th*  J 
culminating  point  of  the  latter,  rises  5380  feet  aoove  tD* 
sea.     The  fifth  chain  of  mountains,  that  of  Granada,  c.iUea 


EUR 


1145 


EUR 


tUo,  In  its  highest  part,  the  Sierra  Nevada,  which  bounds 
the  table-land  on  the  S.,  rises  in  a  few  points  higher  even 
than  the  Pyrenees ;  and  the  Mulahacen  attains  an  elevation 
of  11,658  feet.  Between  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  the  sea  on 
the  S.  extend  the  Alpujarras,  rising  to  a  height  of  9000  feet. 

The  Alps,  the  highest  mountains  in  Europe,  except  the 
Caucasus  (which  see),  extend  uninterruptedly  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Rhone  to  the  plains  of  Hungary,  through  4 
degrees  of  latitude  (44°-48°  N.)  and  about  12  degrees  of 
longitude  (5°-16°  30'  E.).  On  the  S.  they  are  bounded  by 
the  valley  of  the  Po,  on  the  W.  by  that  of  the  Rhone, 
and  on  the  N.  by  the  valley  of  the  Danube  and  some  of  the 
affluents  of  the  Rhine ;  on  the  E.  they  meet  the  Illyrian 
chain.    See  Alps. 

The  Apennines  may  be  conveniently,  though,  from  the 
geological  point  of  view,  not  perhaps  correctly,  considered 
as  a  branch  of  the  Alps.  After  a  winding  course  round  the 
Oulf  of  Genoa,  they  turn  to  the  S.E.,  and  constitute  the 
central  ridge  of  the  Italian  Peninsula.  This  chain  has  a 
length  of  600  miles,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  20  miles 
to  60  miles.  The  highest  point  of  the  Apennines  is  the 
Monte  Como,  in  lat.  42°  27'  N.,  9519  feet  high.  The  loftiest 
ridges  of  the  chain  are  on  its  E.  side,  towards  the  Adriatic 
Sea.  The  Euganean  Hills,  near  Padua,  the  Albanian,  near 
Rome,  and  Vesuvius,  at  Naples,  are  all  of  volcanic  origin 
and  quite  distinct  from  the  Apennines.  To  the  latter, 
however,  belong  the  mountain-groups  which,  often  attain- 
ing the  height  of  6000  feet,  form  the  island  of  Sicily ;  but 
here  again  the  volcanic  Etna,  10,874  feet  high,  may  perhaps 
be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  Apennine  system. 

The  Dinaric  or  Illyrian  Alps  branch  off  from  the  high 
Alps  at  the  head  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  in  a  direction  parallel 
to  that  of  the  Apennines.  They  rise  nowhere  higher  than 
€000  feet ;  but,  overhanging  the  sea,  and  occasionally  cov- 
ered with  fine  forests,  they  have  a  grand  appearance.  After 
continuing  in  the  same  direction  for  about  200  miles,  this 
«hain  approaches  but  does  not  join  the  Balkan  {the  Hse'mu8 
•of  the  ancients),  which  extends  to  the  Black  Sea.  As  the 
Pyrenees  and  Alps  cut  off  the  two  W.  peninsulas,  so  the 
chains  of  the  Illyrian  Alps  and  the  Balkan  separate  that 
of  Greece  from  the  rest  of  Europe.  S.  of  these,  and  par- 
allel to  the  Balkan,  runs  the  Despoto  Dagh  (the  Rhod'ope 
of  the  ancients),  the  E.  portion  of  which  attains  the  height 
of  8240  feet.  Still  farther  S.,  Pindus  strikes  to  the  S.E., 
and  forms  the  central  ridge  of  the  Grecian  Peninsula;  its 
highest  point,  Liakhura,  exceeds  8000  feet,  and  Mount  St, 
EUas  (anc.  Taygetus),  in  the  Morea,  rises  7829  feet. 

North  of  the  Alps,  and  extending  E.,  in  Germany,  there 
rise  several  groups  and  chains  of  mountains  which  collect- 
ively separate  the  basin  of  the  Danube  on  the  N.  from  the 
basins  of  the  rivers  that  flow  into  the  North  and  Baltic  Seas. 
At  the  sources  of  the  Weser  are  the  Harz,  and  S.  of  this 
group  the  Thiiringerwald.  Farther  to  the  E.  the  Carpathian 
or  Krapatski  chain  encloses  the  great  plain  of  Hungary, 
attaining  in  several  places  an  elevation  of  8000  or  8500  feet. 
The  Ural  Mountains,  which  serve  as  a  boundary  between 
Europe  and  Asia,  extend  nearly  in  the  meridian,  or  from 
N.  to  S.,  through  18°  of  latitude  (49°-67°  N.),  but  N.  of 
60°  they  are  not  habitable  by  civilized  man.  The  highest 
known  summit  of  the  Ural — the  Konjakofskoi-Kamen,  in 
lat.  60° — reaches  an  absolute  elevation  of  5397  feet;  but, 
generally  speaking,  the  chain  is  low,  and  presents  to  the 
•ye  only  a  series  of  rounded  hills. 

The  great  plain  of  Northern  Europe  commences  at  the  N. 
foot  of  the  Pyrenees,  comprehends  Western  France,  West- 
«m  and  Northern  Belgium,  the  Netherlands,  and  Den- 
mark, thence  all  the  N.  provinces  of  Germany  into  Russia, 
where  it  expands,  and  terminates  in  the  E.  only  at  the  Ural. 
A  large  portion  of  this  plain,  beginning  at  the  Scheldt  and 
extending  through  the  N.  provinces  of  Prussia,  is  a  low 
«andy  level,  sometimes  covered  with  heath  and  brushwood, 
aometimes  resembling  a  sandy  desert,  not  unfrequently  be- 
low the  level  of  the  sea  or  rivers,  and  protected  from  inun- 
dation only  by  means  of  strong  dikes.  Nearly  all  European 
Russia  is  a  plain,  diversified  only  by  moderate  undulations ; 
and  that  plain  is  in  superficial  extent  equal  to  all  the  rest 
of  Europe.  Owing  to  its  vast  extent,  it  can  attain  a  consid- 
erable elevation  by  an  ascent  quite  imperceptible;  and  the 
ridge  of  Valdai,  which  separates  the  basins  of  the  Volga 
and  Dnieper,  flowing  into  the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas,  from 
that  of  the  Dwina,  which  runs  into  the  Baltic,  has  an  abso- 
lute height  of  nearly  1200  feet.  Besides  this  great  plain  or 
teries  of  plains  there  are  two  others,  the  plain  of  Bohemia 
and  the  plain  of  Hungary ;  the  latter  with  an  area  of  40,000 
«quare  miles,  a  great  part  of  which  is  perfectly  level. 

It  seems  to  be  admitted  on  all  hands  that  the  first  rank 
among  European  mountains  with  respect  to  age  belongs  to 
73 


the  Scandinavian  range.  It  consists  almost  wholly  of  eozoio 
rocks,  and  on  the  flanks  very  old  deposited  strata  (Cam- 
brian, Silurian,  Devonian)  lie  horizontal  and  undisturbed, 
their  formation  having  taken  place  subsequent  to  the  up- 
heaval of  the  mountains.  In  the  W.  of  England  and  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Ural  analogous  strata  are  found  distorted 
or  raised  vertically,  showing  that  the  mountains  on  which 
they  lean  have  risen  since  their  deposition,  but  at  the  same 
time  proving  the  antiquity  of  the  framework  of  Northern 
Europe  from  its  W.  to  its  E.  extremity.  A  great  change  in 
the  pnysical  aspect  of  Western  Europe  seems  to  have  been 
produced  by  the  raising  of  the  Pyrenees,  which  chain,  being 
comparatively  recent,  lifted  with  it  recent  strata,  such  as 
chalK  and  the  earlier  tertiary  formations ;  and  as  the  chalk, 
the  formation  of  which  was  arrested  by  the  convulsion  which 
raised  the  Pyrenees,  occupies  but  a  small  portion  of  Europe, 
it  is  supposed  that  the  effects  of  that  convulsion  were  very 
widely  felt,  and  that  in  fact  the  emergence  of  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  continent  from  the  waters  which  covered  it 
took  place  then.  Another  revolution  was  effected  by  the 
upheaval  of  the  Western  Alps ;  and  another  by  that  of  the 
High  Alps :  so  that  these,  the  greatest  mountains  of  Europe, 
are  also  unquestionably  the  youngest,  with  the  exception  of 
one  inconsiderable  chain  in  Greece,  the  upheaval  of  which 
may  be  assigned  to  a  volcanic  action  still  partially  surviving. 
It  is  remarkable  that  the  European  land  which  first  rose 
above  the  ocean  is  that  which  still  continues  most  constantly 
to  rise ;  for  it  is  fully  ascertained  that  the  waters  of  the 
Baltic  are  retiring  from  the  shores  of  Sweden.  During  the 
formation  of  the  tertiary  strata  nearly  three-fourths  of 
Europe — most  of  Russia,  the  basin  of  the  Danube,  Northern 
Germany,  the  Netherlands,  part  of  France,  the  E.  shores  of 
Sweden,  of  England,  of  Italy,  <fec. — were  under  water.  It 
is  near  the  contact  of  the  older  sedimentary  rocks  with 
those  of  eruptive  or  volcanic  origin  that  the  great  metallic 
deposits  are  found.  These  lie  chiefly  in  England,  Sweden, 
the  Ural,  and  in  a  line  from  the  Harz  through  the  Erz-Qebirge 
to  the  Carpathians. 

The  chains  of  mountains  which  divide  the  waters  running 
into  the  Mediterranean  from  those  flowing  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  the  North  Sea,  and  the  Baltic,  form  collectively  a 
ridge  extending  W.S.W.  and  E.N.E.,  parallel  to  the  High 
Alps ;  and  the  streams  flowing  from  its  N.  side,  or  through 
the  plain,  all  incline  more  or  less  to  the  W.,  and,  owing  to 
the  breadth  of  the  plain,  which  they  traverse  with  a  moder- 
ate fall,  are  all  navigable  to  a  considerable  extent.  The 
Ebro,  at  the  S.  foot  of  the  Pyrenees,  holds  a  course  par- 
allel to  these  mountains,  but  the  other  large  rivers  of  the 
Spanish  Peninsula  run,  like  the  mountain-chains  which 
confine  their  basins,  in  a  direction  parallel  to  the  High  Alps. 
From  these  last-named  mountains  descend  some  of  the  largest 
of  the  European  rivers, — the  Danube,  the  Rhine,  the  Rhone, 
and  the  Po.  The  greatest  of  these,  the  Danube,  has  a  length 
of  2000  miles,  or  about  three-fourths  of  the  length  of  the 
Nile.  It  is  remarkable  that  the  Volga,  which  among  Eu- 
ropean rivers  holds  the  first  rank  for  length,  having  a  course 
of  nearly  1700  miles,  derives  but  a  small  proportion  of  its 
waters  from  the  heights  of  the  Ural :  its  chief  sources  are 
little  more  than  1000  feet  above  the  sea.  This  river  drains 
an  immense  extent  of  country  with  so  moderate  a  fall  that 
its  channel  is  always  full.  The  lakes  of  Europe  accompany 
the  chief  mountain-systems,  and  may  be  divided  into  two 
groups, — the  Alpine  and  the  Scandinavian.  A  chain  of  lakes 
extends  along  the  N.  side  of  the  Alps  through  Switzerland 
and  the  Tyrol,  and  along  the  S.  side  through  Lombardy  and 
Styria.  The  Scandinavian  lakes  extend  across  Sweden  from 
W.  to  E.,  beginning  at  the  S.  termination  of  the  mountains ; 
and  on  the  B.  side  of  the  Baltic  a  number  of  lakes  stretching 
in  the  same  direction  across  Finland  mark  the  continuation 
of  the  line  of  depression. 

Climate. — Europe  enjoys  the  great  advantage  of  lying 
almost  wholly  within  the  temperate  zone.  A  small  portion 
of  it  only,  comprising  Lapland  and  the  N.  coast  of  Russia, 
extends  beyond  the  Arctic  circle.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
most  southern  point  of  Europe  does  not  reach  within  12°  of 
the  tropic,  or  even  attain  a  zone  where  snow  is  a  rare  phe- 
nomenon. Another  remarkable  advantage  is  the  great  ex- 
tent of  its  maritim*  boundaries.  The  frequent  mixture  of 
sea  and  land  tends  to  diffuse  over  the  latter  the  equable  tem- 
perature of  the  ocean.  It  is  well  known  that  W.  coasts  are 
in  general  more  warm  and  humid  than  those  that  face  the 
E.  This  difference  of  climate  is  easily  explained  by  the 
difference  between  the  ruling  winds.  The  S.W.  wind  on 
the  coast  of  Europe  is  in  reality  the  equatorial  current  of 
the  atmosphere,  which,  flowing  at  first  due  N.  towards  the 

Eole,  continually  inclines  more  and  more  towards  the  E,, 
ecause  the  velocity  of  the  earth's  movement  of  rotation  if 


EUR 


1146 


EUR 


greatest  at  the  equator  and  diminishea  towards  the  poles ; 
and  consequently  that  motion  from  W.  to  E.,  which  is  latent 
in  the  equatorial  current  at  its  first  starting  N.,  becomes 
apparent  as  the  circles  of  latitude  diminish,  and  the  wind 
from  the  intertropical  regions,  describing  a  curve,  reaches 
the  European  shores  as  a  S.W.  wind.  This  is  the  predomi- 
nating wind  of  Western  Europe.  In  Ireland  the  S.  W.  wind, 
warm  and  humid,  prevails  during  nine  months  of  the  year  ; 
on  the  continent  its  duration,  strength,  and  temperature 
decline  uniformly  towards  the  E,  At  St.  Petersburg  it  is 
still  the  prevalent  wind,  but  farther  E.  it  gives  way  to 
the  cold  and  dry  N.E.  wind.  The  heat  and  moisture  of  the 
equatorial  zone  are  continually  flowing  into  the  atmosphere 
of  Europe ;  but  the  effect  of  this  is  greatly  heightened  by 
an  oceanic  current,  which,  under  the  name  of  the  Gulf 
Stream,  runs  at  a  little  distance  from  the  coasts  of  the  United 
States,  and,  passing  S.  of  Newfoundland,  falls  with  a  rela- 
tively high  temperature  chiefly  on  the  shores  of  Ireland, 
Scotland,  and  Norway.  The  great  projection  of  the  conti- 
nent W.  of  the  Obi,  and  the  position  of  Nova  Zembla, 
stretching  forward  to  lat.77°,  screen  Europe  effectually  from 
the  ice  formed  on  the  N.  shores  of  Siberia.  This  ice  when 
it  breaks  up  drifts  to  Greenland,  the  E.  coasts  of  which  afe 
never  open,  while  the  W.  shores  of  Norway,  in  the  same 
latitude,  are  never  closed.  Many  circumstances,  therefore, 
concur  to  favor  Europe  with  a  genial  climate,  in  which  the 
vicissitudes  of  season  are  felt  vnthout  their  rigor. 

In  Northern  Europe  especially  the  severity  of  winter  is 
mitigated  by  the  vicinity  of  the  ocean.  North  Cape  has  a 
milder  winter  and  Trondhjem  a  better  climate  altogether 
than  Kazan,  which  is  situated  in  a  much  lower  latitude.  It 
is  also  to  be  observed  that  if  the  same  mean  temperature  be 
traced  E.,  the  difference  of  temperature  of  the  seasons  will 
be  found  constantly  increasing,  the  summer  growing  hotter, 
the  winter  colder.  Hence  it  is  that  some  plants,  the  vine 
for  instance,  which  suffer  little  from  the  cold  of  winter,  but 
the  successful  cultivation  of  which  depends  chiefly  on  the 
summer  heat,  have  a  wider  range  towards  the  B.,  or,  in 
other  words,  they  flourish  within  limits  which  run  to  the  N. 
of  E.  and  thus  make  an  angle  with  the  line  of  constant 
mean  temperature.  The  same  advantages  of  mild  and  ge- 
nial temperature  which  Western  has  over  Eastern  Europe, 
the  continent  collectively  has  over  the  rest  of  the  earth. 
The  diminution  of  mean  temperature,  as  well  as  the  inten- 
sity of  the  opposite  seasons,  increases  as  we  go  E.  across  the 
Old  World.  Peking,  in  lat.  40°,  has  as  severe  a  winter  as 
St.  Petersburg. 

As  a  large  proportion  of  the  rain  which  falls  on  Europe 
is  borne  to  it  by  the  S.W.  wind,  the  quantity  of  rain  dimin- 
ishes towards  the  B.,  but  not  with  regularity.  The  heaviest 
rains  fall,  as  might  be  expected,  round  the  Alps,  particularly 
on  their  S.  side,  and  at  the  W.  side  of  the  Scandinavian 
range.  The  peninsulas  of  Southern  Europe — namely,  Spain, 
Italy,  and  Greece — all  feel  the  effects  of  their  exposure  to 
the  heated  S.  winds  which  come  to  them  from  the  great 
African  Desert,  and  they  have  little  rain  in  summer.  The 
Pyrenees,  the  C6vennes,  the  Alps,  and  the  Carpathians  form 
a  limit  of  climate  between  the  dry  region  on  the  S.,  visited 
only  by  winter  rains,  and  the  humid  region  on  which  rain 
falls  at  all  times  of  the  year,  but  chiefly  in  summer. 

The  snow  which  covers  the  ground  in  Russia  during  five 
months,  from  October  to  April,  amounts,  when  measured  as 
rain,  by  inches,  to  only  a  very  small  quantity.  The  line  of 
perpetual  snow  is  found  at  North  Cape  at  the  height  of  2300 
feet  above  the  sea ;  in  Southern  Norway,  at  the  height  of 
6500  feet.  In  the  Alps,  the  general  height  of  this  line  may 
be  taken  at  9000  feet;  but  on  the  N.  side  and  E.  end  of  the 
chain  it  descends  to  8500  feet,  while  on  the  S.  face  of  Mount 
Rosa  it  rises  to  10,000  feet.  On  the  Pyrenees,  the  snow-line 
occurs,  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides  respectively,  at  the  heights  of 
8300  and  9100  feet.  Thus  it  appears  that  the  line  of  per- 
petual congelation  falls  lower  on  the  Pyrenees  than  on  the 
Alps,  though  the  latter  mountains  lie  3°  farther  north  than 
the  former ;  but  this  is  the  inevitable  consequence  of  the 
vicinity  of  the  ocean,  which  diminishes  the  intensity  of  the 
summer  heat. 

Zoology. — The  zoology  of  Europe  offers  little  for  remark. 
The  reindeer  and  polar  bear  are  peculiar  to  the  N.  In  the 
forests  of  Poland  and  Lithuania  the  urus  or  bonasus,  a 
species  of  wild  ox,  or  bison,  is  occasionally  met  with. 
Bears  and  wolves  still  inhabit  the  forests  and  mountains, 
but,  in  general,  cultivation  and  population  have  expelled 
wild  animals.  The  domesticated  animals  are  nearly  the 
same  throughout.  The  ass  and  mule  lose  their  size  and 
beauty  N.  of  the  Pyrenees  and  Alps.  A  few  camels  are 
bred  in  Italy,  in  which  country  also  buffaloes  are  used  for 
draught.     The  Mediterranean  Sea  has  many  species  of  fish, 


but  no  great  fishery;  the  northern  seas,  on  the  other  band, 
are  annually  filled  with  countless  shoals  of  a  few  species, 
chiefly  the  herring,  mackerel,  cod,  and  salmon. 

Vegetation. — With  respect  to  the  vegetable  kingdom, 
Europe  may  be  conveniently  divided  into  four  zones.  The 
first,  or  northernmost,  is  that  of  fir  and  birch.  This  may 
be  subdivided  intc  the  zones  of  lichen,  birch,  and  fir.  The. 
tundras,  or  mossy  plains  of  Scandinavia,  do  not  equal  in 
extent  those  of  Eastern  Russia.  The  heights  inaccessible 
to  other  vegetation,  up  to  the  borders  of  perpetual  snow,  are 
occupied  by  lichens,  the  most  valuable  of  which  are  the 
reindeer  moss  and  the  Iceland  moss.  The  birch  rexchei 
almost  to  North  Cape ;  the  fir  ceases  a  degree  farther  S.  The 
cultivation  of  grain  extends  farther  in  these  rude  latitudes 
than  might  be  at  first  supposed.  Barley  ripens  even  under 
the  70th  parallel;  wheat  ceases  at  64°  in  Norway,  62°  in 
Sweden.  In  the  country  of  the  Samoieds,  in  Eastern  Rus- 
sia, the  limit  of  barley  is  at  about  67°.  Within  this  zone, 
agriculture  has  little  importance,  the  inhabitants  being 
chiefly  occupied  with  the  care  of  reindeer  or  cattle,  and  in 
fishing.  The  next  zone,  which  may  be  called  that  of  the 
oak  and  beech  and  of  cereal  produce,  extends  from  the  limit 
above  mentioned  to  the  48th  parallel.  Next  we  find  the 
zone  of  the  chestnut  and  vine,  occupying  the  space  between 
the  48th  parallel  and  the  mountain-chains  of  Southern 
Europe.  Here  the  oak  still  flourishes,  but  the  pine  specien 
become  rare.  Rye,  which  characterizes  the  preceding  zone, 
on  the  continent  gives  way  to  wheat,  and,  in  the  S.,  to  maize 
also.  The  fourth  zone,  comprehending  the  southern  penin- 
sulas, is  that  of  the  olive  and  evergreen  woods.  The  orange 
flourishes  in  the  S.  portion,  and  rice  is  cultivated  in  a  few 
spots  in  Italy  and  Spain.  The  deciduous  oak  here  gives 
place  to  the  evergreen  and  cork  oaks,  with  edible  acorns. 
The  lines  which  define  the  region  favorable  to  the  growth 
of  each  plant  generally  incline  S.  towards  the  E. ;  but  it  is 
otherwise  with  the  vine,  olive,  and  a  few  other  plants 
within  certain  limits.  The  cultivation  of  the  vine  begins 
on  the  coast  of  France  in  lat.  48°,  passes  N.  of  Paris,  in 
lat.  49°,  and  goes  still  farther  N.  in  Germany,  and  is  car- 
ried  on  with  success  on  the  Volga,  in  lat.  50°. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  name,  area,  and  popula- 
tion of  each  state  in  Europe,  according  to  recent  returns : 


State. 


Andorra 

Austria-Hungary 

Austria,  atea,  116,903;  pop.  ZS,896,4IS 
Hansary,   •'    126,038;    "    1T,8S5,I«9 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

France 

German  Empire 

[For  dirlsions,  aee  Gkruaitt.] 

Great  Britain  and  dependencies... 
England,  area,  60,823 ;  pop.  27,483,1M 
Wales,  "  7,863;  "  1,618,9U 
Scotland,  "  80,417;  "  4,033,103 
Ireland,  "  83,688;  "  4,706,163 
Islands,      "  296;    «         147,870 

Greece 

Italy - 

Monaco  .„ 

Montenegro... 

Netherlands m..  „......» 

Portugal 

Boumania 

Russia  (European) 

San  Marino ,. 

Serria^ 

Spain... 

Sweden  and  Norway... 

Sweden,  area,  170,979;  pop.  4,784,676 
Norway,    "     124,495;    "     1,999,176 

Switzerland 

Turkey  (European) 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


175 
240,942 

11,373 
37,320 
14,780 
207,107 
208,656 

121,481 


25,142 

110,661 

8 

3,506 

12,741 

34,470 

50,587 

2,095,500 

32 

19,050 

197,670 

295,474 

15,976 
61,200 


Popula- 
tion. 


6,000 
41,345,118 

6,093,798 

3,154,376 

2,172,205 

38,343,192 

49,416,476 

37,888,158 


2,217,000 

30,168,408 

13,304 

236,000 

4,558,095 

4,306,554 

5,000,000 

95,870,800 

8,000 

2,162,759 

17,550,246 

6,783,851 

2,917,754 
4,780,000 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


34 
171 

538 
85 
147 
188 
237 

SIS 


88 

r2 
lees 

67 
358 
125 
9» 
46 
260 
114 
88 
23 


183 
78 


Ethnography  and  Language. — Europe  is  occupied  by  many 
different  races,  either  distinct  or  very  remotely  connected. 
Most  of  these  nations  belong  linguistically,  if  not  by  pure 
descent,  to  the  great  Indo-European  or  Aryan  stock,  of 
which  the  principal  European  branches  (as  commonly  rec- 
ognized) are  the  Celtic,  Teutonic,  Slavic,  and  Grfflco- 
Latin;  but  in  the  N.  and  E.  of  Europe  are  numeroui 
peoples  who  belong  to  the  North  Asiatic  or  Ugrian-Mon- 
golian  stem. 

The  Celts  once  possessed  the  W.  of  Europe,  from  the  Aipa 
to  the  British  Islands.  The  only  remnant  of  the  Western 
Celtic  language,  at  the  present  day,  is  the  Gaelic,  o' ^"®' 
spoken  in  some  districts  of  Ireland,  the  Scotch  Highlands, 
the  Isle  of  Man,  and  the  Hebrides.  The  Cymric  Celts  are 
represented  by  the  Welsh  and  Bretons,  who  still  use  their 


EUR 


1147 


EVA 


ancient  speech.  In  Northeaetern  Spain  and  Southwestern 
France  are  found  the  Basques.  Their  language,  the  Es- 
kuara,  has  no  discoverable  afl&nity  with  any  other ;  and  the 
Basques  are  believed  to  be  the  only  European  race  (except 
the  Jews)  who  are  neither  of  the  Indo-European  nor  the 
Ugrian-Mongolian  stock.  Next  to  the  Celtic  comes  the 
Teutonic  race,  to  which  belong  the  Germans,  Scandina- 
Tians,  Dutch,  Frisians,  Flemish,  and  English.  To  the  E., 
in  general,  of  the  Teutonic  race,  though  sometimes  mixed 
with  it,  come  the  Slavic  peoples,  to  whom  belong  the  Poles, 
Bohemians,  Servians,  Croatians,  Slovaks,  Sloventzi,  and 
Russians.  The  Wends,  formerly  a  powerful  nation  on  the 
S.  shores  of  the  Baltic,  but  now  absorbed  in  the  German 
name,  were  of  this  race.  Among  the  Slavonians  the  great 
mass  of  the  people  were  serfs,  and  subject  to  harsh  treatment. 
Hence  their  national  name  (Slave),  which  means  "  free," 
has  become,  in  West  Europe  and  America,  the  designation 
of  one  deprived  of  liberty.  Slavic  literature  (except  the  old 
church  writings  and  the  vast  body  of  traditional  and  ballad 
literature)  is  of  modern  date.  In  the  S.  and  S.E.  of  Europe 
are  the  descendants  of  the  peoples  who  anciently  spoke 
Greek  and  Latin,  which  latter  absorbed  the  Etruscan  and 
other  languages  of  ancient  Italy.  Greek  was  the  language 
not  merely  of  the  Grecian  Peninsula,  but  of  all  the  islands 
and  Asiatic  shores  of  the  ^gean  Sea ;  it  was  this  language 
— rich,  vigorous,  and  singularly  perspicuous — that  first  gave 
expression  to  that  pure  taste  and  manly  conception  which 
now  form  the  distinction  of  Europe.  Modern  Greek  is 
spoken  within  a  limited  range,  and  differs  from  the  ancient 
tongue,  chiefly,  in  having  lost  many  grammatical  inflex- 
ions. The  Roumanians  and  Macedo-Wallachians  are  allied, 
at  least  in  language,  to  the  Latin  races,  among  whom  are 
classed  the  Italians,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  and  even  the 
French.  The  Albanians,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Grecian 
Peninsula,  are  probably  sprung  from  the  Indo-European 
stem.  The  language  of  the  gypsies  has  copious  East-In- 
lian  elements.  The  Lettish  tribes,  now  much  reduced,  are 
▼enerally  regarded  as  remotely  allied  to  the  Slavic  races. 
The  Finnish  race  includes  the  Finns  proper,  to  whom  are 
illied  in  language,  if  not  in  descent,  the  Lapps ;  also  the 
Earelians,  Samoieds,  Esthonians,  Bashkeers,  and  countless 
>ther  tribes,  mostly  North-Asiatic.  The  Magyars  and 
Szeklers  employ  a  language  clearly  allied  to  the  above  and 
less  clearly  to  the  Turkish  and  the  Tartar  tongues  of 
Southern  Russia.  The  Semitic  race  is  represented  by  the 
Jews,  and  through  the  Arabic  conquest  has  left  its  impress 
n  the  Spanish  Peninsula.  The  Maltese  language  is  based 
apon  a  corrupt  form  of  Arabic.  The  nationalities  above 
numerated,  with  others,  are  found  in  some  countries  very 
distinctly  separated,  as  in  Austro-Hungary.  But  in  many 
Dortions  of  Europe  the  people  are  of  mixed  race.  In  parts 
i)f  Germany  the  peasantry  are  Slavic  in  blood  but  German 
:n  language;  and  in  large  tracts  of  Russia  the  people  are 
E'inns  Russianized  in  language  and  religion. 

The  literary  cultivation  of  Europe,  considered  in  the 
aggregate,  and  apart  from  the  separate  national  literature 
of  which  it  is  composed,  took  its  inceptive  growth  from  an- 
cient Greece.  In  poetry,  history,  and  speculative  philoso- 
phy the  Greeks  excelled  in  their  time ;  but  their  original 
and  peculiar  merit  was  that  of  laying  the  foundations  of 
exact  science  and  rearing  the  enduring  edifice  of  human 
knowledge.  It  was  fortunate  that  Christianity,  while 
spreading  W.,  raised  in  general  consideration  the  two  lan- 
guages which  contained  the  seeds  of  civilization.  When 
the  Arabs,  having  overrun  with  great  rapidity  the  N.  of 
Africa  and  part  of  Spain,  laid  aside  their  arms  and  turned 
to  cultivate  the  arts  of  peace,  they  created,  in  the  latter 
country  particularly,  a  literature  which  was  remarkable  for 
its  extreme  copiousness. 

The  history  of  modern  Europe  starts  from  Rome,  as  its 
literature  from  Greece.  In  the  early  years  of  the  Christian 
era  the  Romans  subdued  all  Western  and  Northern  Europe, 
as  far  as  the  Baltic.  The  Roman  power  was  favorable  to  civi- 
lization ;  it  increased  the  measure  of  general  liberty,  pro- 
moted intercourse  in  various  ways,  especially  by  the  construc- 
tion of  good  roads  on  a  great  scale,  and  perfected  the  civil 
law.  As  the  Roman  Empire  declined,  the  Germanic  and 
Eastern  hordes  swept  over  Europe,  and  would  apparently 
have  overthrown  civilization  itself,  but  for  the  work  of  the 
Christian  church,  which  gave  to  the  barbaric  races  (who 
j  almost  everywhere  became  Christianized)  some  measure  of 
oivilization  and  restraint.  With  these  people  rose  into 
rogue  the  feudal  system,  which  made  the  tenure  of  land 
J  depend  on  the  condition  of  military  service.  But  the  feudal 
system,  as  a  military  organization,  proved  a  failure;  it 
K  created  turbulent  vassals,  and  not  trained  soldiers,  and  after 
experiencing,  in  the  sixteenth  century,  the  great  superiority 


of  the  Ottoman  troops  in  the  field,  European  nations  adopted 
the  system  of  standing  armies.  This  onange,  however,  wa« 
unfavorable  to  liberty,  to  morals,  and  to  public  economy ; 
and  the  gradual  discovery  of  the  immense  power  connected 
with  a  well-trained  standing  army  prompted  inordinate 
ambition.  Hence  the  wars  and  revolutions  of  the  last  and 
present  centuries.  The  extinction  of  ancient  European 
dynasties,  however,  will  hereafter  be  thought  a  matter  of 
little  importance,  compared  with  the  colonization  which  now 
proceeds  from  the  western  part  of  Europe  over  the  whole 
earth,  carrying  with  it  cultivated  languages,  ripe  literature, 
useful  arts,  enlightened  sentiments,  and  Christian  philan- 
thropy.  Adj.  and  inhab.  European,  yu-ro-pee'an. 

Euro'tas,  now  called  Vasilee-  (Vasiliko-,  vl-sil'- 
e-ko,  or  Basili-,  vi'se-lee)  Potamo,  vi'se-lee-pot-i- 
mo',  a  river  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  and  the  principal 
stream  of  ancient  Laconia,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Kolo- 
kythia.     Length,  60  miles. 

Eurytania,  yu-re-ti-nee'i  or  4v-re-ti-nee'8,,  a  district 
or  eparchy  of  Greece,  nome  of  JEtolia  and  Acamania  (the 
name  was  anciently  applied  to  the  northernmost  part  of 
^tolia).     Its  capital  is  Karpenisi.     Pop.  33,018. 
Ease,  a  town  of  France.    See  Eauze. 
Easkircheny  ois'kSSRK^^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Cologne.     It  has  mines  of  iron,  lead, 
and  lignite,  and  woollen-  and  potash-factories.     Pop.  5489. 
Eastis,  yus'tis,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  Fla.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Tavares.     It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  500. 

Eustis,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  on  Dead 
River,  45  miles  N.W.  of  North  Anson.  It  has  a  church, 
and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  321. 

EustiS)  a  post-village  of  Frontier  co..  Neb.,  39  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Holdrege.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  145. 

Entaw,  yu'taw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Ala.,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  1115. 
Eutaw  Indians.  See  Utah  Indians. 
Eutaw  Springs,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Santee  River, 
in  South  Carolina.  Near  it,  in  Charleston  co.,  60  milei 
N.W.  of  Charleston,  was  fought  a  bloody  battle  in  1781. 

Entin,  oi-teen',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  cap- 
ital of  the  principality  of  Lubeck,  in  a  detached  territory 
enclosed  by  Holstein,  18  miles  N.  of  Lubeck.  Pop.  3200. 
It  has  a  ducal  palace  on  an  island  in  an  adjacent  lake. 

Eutingen,  oi'ting-§n,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Pforz- 
heim, on  the  Enz.     Pop.  1286. 

Eutingen,  a  village   of  Wilrtemberg,  in  the  Black 
Forest,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Horb.     Pop,  1082, 
Enxine  Sea.    See  Black  Sea. 
Euxinus  Fontus,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Black  Sea. 
Evan'gelist  Islands,  or  Four  Evan'gelists,  a 
group  of  rooky  islets  of  South  America,  off  the  W,  coast 
of  Patagonia,  lat.  (southernmost)  52°  24'  S.,  Ion.  75°  7'  W., 
consisting  of  four  principal  islets  and  some  detached  rocks 
and  breakers.     They  form  an  excellent  leading-mark  for 
the  W.  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan. 

Ev'ans,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Weld  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  48  miles  by  rail  N.N.E, 
of  Denver,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Greeley.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  abroom- 
and  brush-factory,  2  lumber-yards,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  nenrs- 
paper  office.     Pop.  306. 

Evans,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Evans  township, 
Marshall  co.,  lU.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Streator,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Lacon.  The  township 
contains  the  village  of  Wenona  and  a  pop.  of  1989. 

Evans,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Eureka 
&  Palisade  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Evans,  or  Evans  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Evans  township,  and  near  the  Lake  Shore  A  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  li 
miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  150.  Here  is  Evans 
Post-Office.  The  township  contains  larger  villages,  named 
Angola  and  North  Evans,  and  has  8  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cheese,  flour,  &o.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2692. 
Evans  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  branch  railroad  from 
Meadville,  Pa.,  to  Oil  City,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Meadville. 

Ev'ansburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  1  mil« 
from  Oxford  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Evansburg,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
Conneaut  Lake,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Meadville,  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  bolt-faotory,  2  saw- 
mills, and  flour-mills.    Pop,  291. 


EVA 


1148 


EVE 


Evansburg,a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Proviilenoe  township,  i  mile  from  CoUegeville  Railroad 
btation.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam -tannery. 

Evansburg  Station,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Meadville.     Here  is  Stony  Point  Post-Office. 

Evans  City,  a  post-borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Butler.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  637. 

Evans  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  3  miles  from  West  Point,  Ky. 

Evans'  Mills,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  53  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Evans*  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Pleasant  Creek,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  cheese-factories,  saw-mills,  a  graded  school,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Ev'an sport,  a  post- village  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  Bean 
Creek,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  11  miles  N. 
of  Defiance.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  union  school.    P.  191. 

Ev'anston,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  12  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  on  the 
Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad, 
and  contains  22  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  banks,  a 
number  of  fine  residences,  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute,  a 
free  public  library,  and  the  Evanston  College  for  Ladies, 
which  was  founded  in  1871.  It  is  also  the  seat  of  the 
Northwestern  University  (Methodist),  which  was  founded 
in  1854.  This  institution  has  a  library  of  22,000  volumes. 
Evanston  has  electric  lights,  gas-works,  and  Holly  water- 
works.    Pop.  about  5000. 

Evanston,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Uintah  co.,  Wy- 
oming, on  Bear  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
76  miles  E.  of  Ogden,  and  about  75  miles  N.E.  of  Salt  Lake 
City.  Elevation,  6870  feet.  It  contains  5  churches,  sev- 
eral hotels,  a  savings-bank,  2  other  banks,  several  lumber- 
mills,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad  company.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  About  6  miles  from 
the  town  there  is  one  of  the  largest  coal-beds  in  the  West, 
from  22  feet  to  32  feet  in  thickness,  from  which  nearly  400 
tons  of  good  coal  are  mined  daily ;  and  iron  ore  is  found 
with  or  under  the  coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1995. 

Ev'ansville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
about  33  miles  N.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
<ni1I,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  on 
the  Easkaskia  River,  32  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Evansville,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Indiana,  the 
capital  of  Vanderburg  co.,  and  the  second  city  in  popula- 
tion in  the  state,  is  situated  on  a  broad,  high  plateau, 
which  here  forms  the  northern  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  by 
rail  122  miles  W.S.W.  of  Louisville,  141  miles  N.E.  of 
Cairo,  163  miles  E.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis,  and  287  miles  S.  of 
Chicago.  Five  railway  lines  converge  at  Evansville  from 
different  directions  north  of  the  Ohio  River,  some  of  which 
connect  by  a  bridge  across  the  Ohio  with  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville.and  the  Ohio  Valley  lines,  which  have  their  termi- 
nus at  Henderson,  Ky.,  on  the  opposite  (south)  bank.  The 
city  contains  54  churches,  a  city  hall,  5  national  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  handsome  court-house,  an 
opera-house,  a  custom-house  and  post-office  (erected  at  a  cost 
of  $250,000),  8  public  halls,  a  United  States  marine  hos- 
pital, and  printing-offices  which  issue  6  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspapers,  2  of  the  dailies  being  in  the  German  language. 
Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from  trade,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  furniture,  engines  and  boilers,  machinery, 
stoves  and  heaters,  flour,  leather,  saddlery  and  harness, 
cotton  goods,  lumber,  tobacco,  farming-implements,  Ac,  the 
aggregate  value  of  which  is  about  $5,000,000  per  annum. 
There  are  12  flouring-mills,  6  breweries,  7  iron-foundries,  4 
machine-shops,  2  woollen-mills,  a  cotton-factory  with  40,000 
spindles  (said  to  be  the  largest  cotton-mill  west  of  New  Eng- 
land), and  several  planing-mills  and  saw-mills.  Evansville 
is  favorably  situated  for  manufactures,  being  surrounded 
by  extensive  beds  of  coal,  which  is  abundant  and  cheap. 
It  is  said  to  be  the  largest  shipping-point  for  corn,  wheat, 
and  pork  on  the  Ohio  River  between  its  mouth  and  Cincin- 
nati. It  is  the  centre  of  a  great  tobacco-producing  section, 
in  which  it  has  a  large  trade.  Here  is  the  Willard  Library 
and  Art  Gallery,  endowed  with  $500,000.  Evansville  is 
lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  has  26  miles  of  electric 
street-railways,  14  miles  of  brick-paved  streets,  and  is  sup- 
plied with  water  by  the  Holly  system.  Pop.  in  1860, 11,484  ; 
in  1870,  21,830;  in  1880,  29,280  ;  in  1890,  50,766;  in  1895 
(estimated),  65,000. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  17 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Alexandria.     It  has  2  churches,  a 


bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  elevators,  and  grain* 
and  flour-mills.     Pop.  452. 

Evansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Moberly. 

Evansville,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  A 
Lehigh  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Evansville,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in 
Brier  Creek  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Berwick.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  threshing-machines. 

Evansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Barton  Landing.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  whetstones 
and  one  of  lumber. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Newburg  Railroad  Station,  and  about  70  miles 
S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad  (Madi- 
son  division),  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Madison,  and  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Janesville.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school 
a  seminary,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  cigars, 
cheese,  Ac.     Pop.  1623. 

Evans'  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Ev'answood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  on 
a  small  lake,  which  is  an  expansion  of  Wolf  River,  about 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Evanton,  iv'an-tfln,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Inverness.     Pop.  526. 

Ev'art,  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  B.  of  Reed  City,  and  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  East 
Saginaw.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  2  foundries, 
a  machine-shop,  2  lumber-tool-factories,  4  churches,  about 
15  saw-mills,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  the  lumber  and  farming  interests. 
Pop. in  1890, 1269. 

Evaax,  4V5',  a  town  of  France,  in  Creuse,  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1499. 

Eveland  (eev'land)  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahaska 
CO.,  Iowa,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church, 

Ev'eline,  a  post-township  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  on 
an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  312. 

Ev'elyn,  a  post-office  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga. 

Eve  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn. 

Ev'endale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hamilton  cu.. 
0.,  in  Sycamore  township. 

Evendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury. 

Eve'ning  Shade,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sharp 
CO.,  Ark.,  near  Strawberry  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.  of 
Batesville.  It  has  a  college,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Ev'enly,  a  river  of  England,  rising  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  CO.  of  Oxford,  and  flowing  S.E.  past  Blandford  and 
Blenheim  into  the  Isis  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oxford. 

Evenopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lesneven. 

Ev'ensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 

Everbecq,  i'v?r-b4k\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Tournai.  It  has  extensive  salt-refineries 
and  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  3680. 

Ev'erest,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Kan.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  478. 

Everest,  Mount.    See  Mount  Everest. 

Ev'eret's,  or  Everett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nansemond 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  Nansemond  River, 
10  miles  N.  of  Suffolk.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Ev'erett,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Macon. 

Everett,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  8  churches,  public  schools,  a 
young  ladies'  seminary,  a  furniture-factory,  a  pottery,  a 
fire-proof-roofing  factory,  a  sand-box  and  car-brake  fac- 
tory, a  baby-carriage-factory,  iron-works,  chemical-works, 
a  knitting-factory,  a  varnish-factory,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.    Pop.  in  1870,  2220 ;  in  1880,  4159 ;  in  1890, 11,068. 

Everett,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  466. 
It  contains  Alley  ton. 

Everett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  in  Everett 
township,  about  42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.  Pop- 
of  the  township,  905,  chiefly  employed  in  stock-raising. 

Everett,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  is  at  Centre- 
ville,  on  Maple  Creek,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha.  Here 
are  fair-grounds  of  the  Dodge  County  Agricultural  Society. 

Everett,  a  station  in  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wabasb 
Railroad.  6  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo. 


EVE 


1149 


EWI 


Everett,  formerly  Bloody  Run,  a  poet-borough  of 
Bedford  cc,  Pa.,  on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata 
River,  and  on  the  Huntingdon  k  Broad  Top  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  foundry,  a  steam  fiouring-mill,  2  large  steam 
{tanneries,  a  glass-factory,  a  blast-furnace,  and  3  planing- 
j  mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  1247;  in  1890,  1679. 
I     Everett)  a  station  on  the  Brazos  division  of  the  In- 
fternation^l  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of 
Austin,  Tex. 
Everett's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Oa. 
Everett's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ga., 
7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fort  Valley.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ev'erettsville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Goldsborough. 

Everghem,  i'v§r-Gh4m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  4  miles  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6447. 

Ev'erglades,  Florida,  a  large  shallow  lake  or  marshy 
region  in  the  S.  part  of  the  peninsula,  in  the  counties  of 
Dade  and  Monroe.  The  deptn  of  the  water  varies  from  1 
to  6  feet.  It  encloses  thousands  of  little  islands,  covered 
jwith  dense  thickets  of  palmettos,  cypress,  oaks,  vines,  and 
jehmbs.     Alligators,  bears,  and  pumas  are  found  here. 

Ev'ergreen,  a  post-village  and  health  and  winter  re- 
'tort,  capital  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  81  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
jof  Montgomery.  It  has  7  churches,  separate  schools  for 
nrhite  and  colored,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  lumber-faotories. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1783.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Evergreen,  a  post  village  of  Santa  Clara  oo.,  Cal.,  7 
loiles  S.E.  of  San  Jos6.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory. 
Evergreen,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Golden.     It  has  a  church. 
Evergreen,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga. 
Evergreen,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 
Evergreen,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish.  La.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Marksville.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  360. 
Evergreen,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Stanton,  the  county  seat. 
vergreen,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  98. 
_  vergreen,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  is  con- 
r^iieoted  with  Alleghany  City  (4  miles  distant)  by  the  Law- 
lenceville  &  Evergreen  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Bennett 
station. 
Evergreen,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 
Evergreen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  on 
jthe  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
jlppomattox.     It  has  a  church. 

JEvejrgreen  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
('  miles  S.E.  of  Leesburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Evergreen  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  oo.,  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  about  9  miles 
SI.  of  Chicago,  is  the  residence  of  many  business  men  who 
liave  offices  in  Chicago.  It  has  a  public  hall,  a  fine  public 
school-house,  and  a  park. 

Ev'erittstown,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
laill. 

Ev'erson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fayette  co..  Pa., ' 
ftboat  25  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Uniontown. 

Ev'ersonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  10 
tailes  from  Wheeling  Station. 

Ev'erton,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  about  25 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  149. 
Everton,  a  post-village  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  37  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lamar,  and  9  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Greenfield. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour  and  lime.     Pop.  740. 

Everton,  a  post- village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Grand  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Guelph.  It 
contains  flour-  and  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  potash-factory, 
a  stave-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Eves,  eevz,  a  station  on  the  Rome  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Rome,  6a.,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 

Evesborongh,  eevz'bur-ruh,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  3i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moorostown.  It  has  a  chapel. 
Pop.  about  80. 

Evesham,  eevz'am  or  eevz'ham,  a  town  of  England, 

CO.  of  Worcester,  in  the  beautiful  vale  of  the  same  name, 

aiid  on  the  navigable  Avon,  at  an  important  railway  junc- 

j  tion,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Worcester.     It  has  some  remains  (in- 

j  eluding  the  stately  tower)  of  its  celebrated  abbey,  founded 

I  in  709,  2  branch  banks,  manufactories  of  stockings,  and  a 

I  large  market.     In  1265  Ae  Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards 

i  Edward  I.„  here  totally  defeated  the  barons  under  Simon 

de  Montfort.     Pop.  (1891)  5836. 

Evesham,  eevz'ham,  a  township  of  Burlington  co., 
NJ.     Pop.  3351.     It  contains  Marlton  and  Crowfoot. 


Evian,  dVe-&ii*'  (anc.  Aquianum  ?),  a  village  of  Franoe, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Geneva.     Pop.  2450.     Near  it  are  chalybeate  baths. 

Ev'ington,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Campbell  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Lynchburg.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Ev'it's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Bedford  oo., 
runs  southward  into  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Potomac 
River  3  or  4  miles  below  Cumberland. 

Ev'it's  Moun'tain,  a  ridge  extending  across  the 
Maryland  line  N.N.E.  through  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  to  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata. 

Evoli,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Eboli. 

Evo'na,  or  Evo'nia,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
in  Piscataway  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elizabeth. 

Evora,  4v'o-ri  (anc.  Eh'ora  and  Liberal'itas  Ju'Ua),  a 
city  of  Portugal,  capital  of  Alemtejo,  on  a  height,  85  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Lisbon.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and 
has  two  ruined  forts,  a  rich  Gothic  cathedral,  several  con- 
vents and  hospitals,  a  house  of  charity,  barracks,  diocesan 
school,  and  a  museum.  An  aqueduct,  still  in  use,  and  the 
remains  of  a  temple  of  Diana,  are  attributed  to  the  Roman 
general  Sertorius.  It  has  manufitctures  of  hardware  and 
leather.     Evora  is  an  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  11,078. 

Evora-Monte,  5v'o-ri-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Alemtejo,  beautifully  situated  on  a  hill,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Evora.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  de- 
fended by  a  castle.     Pop.  1181. 

Evran,  fivVftuo',  a  village  of  France,  in  C8te8-du-Nord, 
on  the  Ranee,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  371. 

Evre,  aiv'r,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Cher, 
joins  the  Cher  near  Vierzon.     Length,  41  miles. 

Evreux,  ivVtih'  (anc.  Mediola'num,  afterwards  Ehuro- 
vi'ces  and  Ebroicse),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Eure,  on  the  Iton,  at  a  railway  junction,  67  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Paris.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  many  antique 
houses,  a  fine  cathedral,  the  church  of  St.  Taurin,  a  clock- 
tower  built  in  1417,  a  town  hall,  an  episcopal  palace,  a 
theatre,  a  botanic  garden,  and  manufactures  of  tools,  paper, 
flour,  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  leather.  In  its  envi- 
ron|  is  the  fine  chateau  of  Navarre.     Pop.  (1891)  13,840. 

Evron,  Sv^rfts"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  17 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  3433 ;  of  commune,  4724. 

Evry,  fiv^ree',  a  station  on  the  Paris  4  Corbeil  Railway, 
13  miles  S.  of  Paris.     Pop.  996. 

Evst,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yevst. 

Ew'ald,  a  post-office  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn. 

EwanoAVitz,  i-'^^i-no'^its,  or  Eywanowitz,  i-^4- 
no'^^its,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Briinn,  on 
the  Hanna.     Pop.  2200. 

EAv'an's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Harrison  township,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Union  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  basket-factory. 

Ew'ansville,  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Vin- 
centown  Branch,  22  miles  E.  of  Camden. 

Ew'art,  a  post-hamlet  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Qrinnell. 

Ew'artsville,  post-office,  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

Ew'ell,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  at  a  railway 
junction,  li  miles  N.N.E.  of  Epsom.     Pop.  of  parish,  2536. 

Ew'ell's,  a  station  in  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  34  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nashville,  on  the  Nashville  A  Decatur  Railroad. 

Ewljk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ewyk. 

Ew'ing,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  on  Big 
Muddy  River,  about  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belleville.  It  haa 
a  college,  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill. 

E  wing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
A  Mississippi  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Brownstown. 

E wing,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Mays- 
ville  A  Lexington  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Elizaville,  and  20 
miles  S.  of  Maysville.    There  are  several  churches  near  it. 

Ewing,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Neb.,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  O'Neill.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  348. 

Ewing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  about  32  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  60. 

Ewing,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  York  Branch 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia. 

Ew'ingford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trimble  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Ewing  Harbor,  Oregon.    See  Port,Orford. 

Ew'ing's,  a  station  in  Cole  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Jefi'erson  City. 

Ewing's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa^ 
9  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 


EWI 


1150 


EXL 


i 


Ewing's  Mills,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Chartiers  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Washington. 

Ewing's  Neck,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
in  Maurice  River  township,  about  2  miles  from  Delaware 
Bay,  and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Millville.  It  has  a  church. 
Oysters  abound  here. 

Ewing's  Store,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Ew'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay 
township,  about  48  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Ewington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  89. 

EAVington,  a  post- village  of  Gallia  co.,  0,,  in  Hunting- 
ton township,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  18  miles  N.W,  of 
Gallipolis.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  191. 

Ew'ingville,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Ewing  township,  on  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ewyk,  or  Ewijk,  i'*ik,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  6  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop,  2008. 

Exaerde,  fix-au'd^h,  a  commune  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Termonde.  It  has  linen-manu- 
factories, breweries,  and  corn-mills.     Pop.  4680. 

Excel'lo,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Macon  City.     Coal  is  shipped  here. 

Excello,  a  post-ofiSce  at  Amanda  village,  Butler  co.,  0. 
See  Amanda. 

Excelsior,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Excelsior,  ex-c61'si-6r,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Min- 
netonka  Lake,  31  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  lumber-factory,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  619. 

Excelsior,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
8.  of  Tipton.     It  has  a  steam  mill  and  a  lead-mine. 

Excelsior,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
in  Coal  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad 
(Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  line),  4  miles  E.  of  Shamokin.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Excelsior,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  in 
Richwood  township,  about  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Excelsior  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III., 
6  miles  N.  of  Galena.  It  has  a  ohnrch,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
■melting-furnace  for  lead. 

Excelsior  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Clay  CO.,  Mo.,  33  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  5  churches,  public  schools,  2  banks,  bottling-works, 
mineral-wells,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  2034. 

Exchange,  a  post-office  of  Montour  co..  Pa. 

Exchangeville,  Pennsylvania.     See Sheakletville. 

Excideuil,  Sx^seeMul',  or  Exideuil ,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Dordogne,  20  miles  N.E.  of  P6rigueux,  on  the  Lou6.  It 
has  two  antique  towers  and  ruins  of  a  monastery.     P.  1950. 

Exe,  5x  (anc.  Isaca),  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  Ex- 
moor,  CO.  of  Somerset,  and  flows  S.  into  the  English  Chan- 
nel at  Exmouth.  Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Yeo  and  Glist. 
Bampton,  Tiverton,  and  Exeter  are  on  its  banks. 

Exe,  a  parish  of  England.     See  Beaulieu. 

Exea  de  los  Caballeros.    See  Eqea  de  los  Ca- 

BALLEP.OS. 

Exen,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Egisheim. 

Ex'eter  (L.  la'ca,  Exonia,  Uxela  ?)  a  city  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Exe,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
its  outlet  in  the  English  Channel,  159  miles  W.S.W.  of 
London,  at  a  railway  junction,  lat.  50°  44'  N.,  Ion.  3°  33' 
W.,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  summit  and  slopes  of  an 
acclivity  rising  from  the  river.  Two  principal  streets  cross 
each  other  at  right  angles,  from  which  a  number  of  smaller 
■treets,  extremely  narrow,  diverge.  It  is  well  paved  and 
lighted,  amply  supplied  with  water,  and  remarkably  clean. 
The  chief  object  of  interest  in  the  city  is  the  cathedral,  a 
noble  edifice,  of  high  antiquity.  It  is  cruciform,  408  feet 
in  length,  its  W.  front  being  richly  decorated,  Resenting 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  facades  in  Europe.  The  other 
architectural  antiquities  are  the  remains  of  the  castle  of 
Rougemont,  on  a  high  eminence  N.  of  the  city,  St.  John's 
Hospital,  now  a  free  grammar-school,  the  chapels  of  St. 
Wynard  and  St.  Anne,  and  the  ohapel  of  the  Lepers' 
Hospital.  The  modem  edifices  worthy  of  notice  are  the 
theatre,  assembly-  or  ball-room,  bridewell,  museum,  the- 
ological college,  bishop's  palace,  jail,  sessions-house,  bar- 
racks, guild  hall,  baths,  and  the  markets.  Exeter  has  many 
fine  churches  and  chapels,  numerous  asylums,  hospitals,  and 
other  charities,  and  some  important  schools.  The  city  has 
manufactures  of  paper,  beer,  gloves,  lace,  castings,  Ac,  and, 
by  means  of  a  ship-canal  to  Topsham  and  an  artificial  basin, 
it  has  considerable  trade  by  sea. 

Exeter  is  a  place  of  remote  antiquity,  having  been  a 


British  settlement  long  prior  to  the  invasion  of  the  Romans, 
by  whom  it  was  called  Isca  Damnoniorum,  A  number  of 
coins,  small  bronze  statues,  some  tessellated  pavements,  and 
other  Roman  antiquities  have  been  found  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  city.  In  the  reign  of  Alfred  it  was  called 
Exan-cestre  (the  Castle  of  the  Exe),  of  which  the  present 
name  is  a  corruption.  It  was  at  one  time  the  capital  of 
Wessex.  The  number  of  its  religious  establishments  wai 
so  great  that  the  Saxons  called  it  Monkstown.  Exeter 
forms  a  county  of  itself.     Pop.  37,680, Inhab.  Ex'ok. 

Ex'eter,  a  parish  in  the  town  of  Lebanon,  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  4  miles  from  Tumersville  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Exeter,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  111.,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Winchester,  and  about  16  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments.    Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Exeter,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  in  Exeter 
township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Exeter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  a  high  school.  Exeter 
township  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  939. 

Exeter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit. 

Exeter,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  19  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Monett.  It  has  church  organizations,  an  academy, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  244. 

Exeter,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb.,  47  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  754, 

Exeter,  a  post- village,  semi-capital  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Exeter  township,  on  the  Exeter  River,  and  on  the 
Boston  A,  Maine  Railroad,  61  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston,  and 
17  miles  S.S.W,  of  Dover.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  Phillips  Acad- 
emy, which  is  richly  endowed,  the  Robinson  Female  Semi- 
nary, a  pottery,  2  machine-shops,  a  cotton-mill,  2  newspaper 
offices,  several  manufactories  of  carriages  and  boots  and 
shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4284. 

Exeter,  or  Exeter  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Exeter  township,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Utioa.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Schuyler  Lake,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1245. 

Exeter,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Reading,  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River. 
It  has  2  forges  for  bar  iron,  3  hat-factories,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  bloomery.     Pop.  2239.     See  Exeter  Station. 

Exeter,  a  post-township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Soranton,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Susque- 
hanna River.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Exeter.     P.  742. 

Exeter,  a  township  in  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  bounded  E 
by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  contiguous  to  Exeter  in  Lu- 
zerne CO.     Pop.  211. 

Exeter,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  about 
22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches,  grist-, 
saw-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  manufactures  of  hay-racks  and 
lumber,  Ac.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Stonington  A  Providence 
Railroad.     Pop.  964. 

Exeter,  a  township  of  Green  oo.,  Wis.  Pop.  883,  It 
contains  Dayton. 

Ex'eter,  or  Fran'cistown,  a  thriving  post- village  in 
Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Aux  Sable,  22  miles  S.  of 
Clinton.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  cheese-factory,  a  melo- 
deon-factory,  several  mills,  and  a  large  trade  in  grain, 
flour,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Exeter  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Exeter  township,  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corinna  Station.  It  hai 
a  lumber-mill  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ex'eter  (or  Sqnam'scot)  River,  a  small  stream 
of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  runs  eastward,  and  falls  into  the 
Piscataqua  River  about  10  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Exeter  Station,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E,  of  Reading. 

Exheim,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Egisheim. 

Exideuil,  a  town  of  France.     See  Excideuil. 

Exilles,  Sx^eel',  or  Esiglie,  i-seel'yA,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  37  miles  W,  of  Turin,  on  the  Dors 
Ripaira.     Pop.  1944. 

Exin,  Sx^een'  (Pol.  Ksynia,  ksin'y&),  a  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Posen,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bromberg,  with  • 
famous  convent.     Pop.  2587. 

Exi'ra,  a  post-village  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  on   the 
East  Nishnabatona  River,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Audubon. 
It  has  graded  public  schools,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  j- 
a  syrup-refinery,  manufactures  of  windmill  regulators,  aO^  " 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  575, 

Ex'line,  a  post-village  at  Caldwell  Station,  Appanoow 


EXM 


1151 


PAB 


00.,  Iowa,  in  Caldwell  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  South- 
western Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Centreville.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

Ex'moor,  a  district  of  England,  in  the  W.  of  the  co. 
of  Somerset  and  N.E.  of  Devon.  Area,  19,270  acres.  It 
oonsists  of  ranges  of  hills  from  1100  feet  to  1600  feet  in 
elevation,  formerly  forest,  but  now  mostly  heath  or  marsh. 
The  river  Exe  rises  here.  It  gives  name  to  breeds  of  sheep 
and  ponies. 

£x'moath)  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon,  on  the 
Exe,  at  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  9  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Exeter.  It  has  a  ball-room,  baths,  and  libraries, 
the  extreme  beauty  of  its  surrounding  scenery,  with  the 
mildness  of  the  climate,  rendering  it  a  very  favorite  resort. 
It  has  good  docks  for  commerce.     Pop.  5614. 

Exmonth  Gulf,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Australia,  lat.  22° 
S.,  formed  by  a  peninsula  about  80  miles  long  and  termi- 
nating with  the  Northwest  Cape.  It  is  30  miles  in  width 
at  the  entrance,  and  about  65  miles  in  length. 

Exonia,  an  ancient  name  of  Exeter. 

Exper'iment  Mills^  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa., 
about  2  miles  from  the  Delaware  Water  Gap.  It  has  2 
churches,  paper-mills,  and  2  flour-mills.  Water  Gap  Sani- 
tarium is  situated  in  this  vicinity. 

Exploits  Burnt  Island,  a  large  fishing  town  of  New- 
foundland, on  an  island,  12  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Ex- 
ploits River,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Twillingate.     Pop.  530. 

Exploits  River,  one  of  the  most  important  rivers  of 
Newfoundland,  flows  into  Exploits  Bay  on  the  N.E.  coast, 
and  is  navigable  for  steamers  a  distance  of  12  miles,  and 
thence  for  boats  to  within  50  miles  of  Burgeo,  on  the  S.W. 
coast.  Total  length,  about  150  miles,  draining  an  area  of 
about  3000  square  miles. 

Explo'ring  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  a  group  of 
the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  17°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  38'  W. 
They  are  well  situated  for  the  resort  of  vessels ;  anchorage 
safe  and  easily  reached.  Frait  and  vegetables  are  aban- 
dant. 

Express'  Ranch,  a  post-oflSce  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Ex'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter Valley  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Ex'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Hamilton 
township,  5  miles  from  Yardville  Station. 

Exuma,  Sx-oo'mi,  Great  and  Little  (called  also 
Yuma),  two  of  the  Bahama  Islands;  the  larger  in  lat.  23° 
30'  N,,  Ion.  75°  50'  W.,  30  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
breadth,  and  having  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  these  islands. 
Total  pop.  2289. 

Eyafialla-Yokul,  r&-fe-4l'li-yo'k5Sl,  a  volcano  of 
Iceland,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Heola. 

[E valet  Turkish  term  meaning  j>roW7ic«.    See  Tttrkbt. 


Eyam,  ee'am  or  i'am,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Derby,  in  a  romantic  dell,  4i  miles  E.N.E.  of  TidesweU. 

Eybar,  &-e-BaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  23 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.  It  has  manufactures  of 
arms.     Pop.  2388. 

Eye,  i,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Suffolk,  20  miles  N. 
of  Ipswich.  The  town  mostly  consists  of  cottages  ;  it  has  a 
fine  Gothic  church,  a  grammar-school,  a  guild  hall,  jail, 
house  of  industry,  almshouse,  and  a  branch  bank.    P.  2396. 

Eye,  I,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  outer- 
most island  at  the  N.  entrance  of  Gilolo  Passage.  Lat.  0° 
23'  N. ;  Ion.  129°  53'  E.   It  is  small,  and  covered  with  trees. 

Eye,  or  Eyeo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Katunoa. 

Eyemouth,  i'mfith,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ber- 
wick, on  the  Eye,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  the  Lam- 
mermoor  range  and  here  enters  the  North  Sea,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Berwick.  It  exports  grain,  and  has  a  fishery. 
Here  is  a  fine  bay,  with  an  excellent  harbor.     Pop.  2324. 

Eyers  (i'^rs)  Grove,  a  post-ofBce  of  Columbia  co..  Pa. 

Eygnieres,  i'ghe-aiR'  (ano.  Aquaria  ?),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh8ne,  22  miles  E.  of  Aries.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  silk  twist.     Pop.  2875. 

Eylan  (Deutsch  and  Preussisch).    See  Eilau. 

Eymoutiers,  ^^mooHe-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  2065. 

Eyne,  i'n§h,  a  commune  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2300. 

Eyo'ta,  a  post-village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  in  Eyota 
township,  and  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  37  miles 
W.  of  Winona,  and  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  377;  of  township,  610. 

Eypel,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Ipolt. 

Eyragues,  iVig',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouchea-du- 
Rh8ne,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aries.     Pop.  1891. 

Eyrecourt,  air'kSrt,  or  Air'conrt,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
00.  of  Galway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Banagher.     Pop.  747. 

Eyre  (air)  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  South  Australia,  lat. 
27°  60'  to  29°  20'  S.     Area,  4000  square  miles. 

Eysden,  is'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim> 
burg,  6  miles  S.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  560. 

Eyster,  iss't^r,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Han« 
over  &  York  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Eytah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Etah. 

Ezcaray,  Sth-ki-ri'  or  fis-ki-ri',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  2958. 

Eze,  aiz  (Ital.  Ita,  ee'si,  or  Eza,  aid'zi;  Lat.  Itia),  a 
village  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Nice,  on  a  high  peak  overlooking  the  sea.     Pop.  565. 

E'zel,  a  post- village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  about  70  mile* 
E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches. 


F. 


^aaberg,  fo'bdRg,  a  village  of  Norway,  85  miles  N.  of 

iristiania,  on  the  Lougen. 

Faaborg,  fo'boRS,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  the  island  of 
Funen,  on  its  S.  coast,  15  miles  W.  of  Svendborg.  It  has 
an  export  trade  in  corn.     Pop.  3440. 

Fab'acher,  a  post-office  of  St.  Landry  parish.  La. 

Fabara,  fi-Bi'rS.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  68  miles 
S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Matoranna.     Pop.  1997. 

Fabbriano,  flb-bre-i'no,  a  city  of  Italy,  province 
and  45  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Anoona.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
and  manufactures  of  paper  and  parchment,  and  is  a  bishop's 
see.     Pop.  7612. 

Fabbrica,  f&b'bre-ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Rome,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  2264. 

Fa'ber's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fabianhaza,  f&'be'&n'h&'z5h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
eo.  of  Szathmar,  on  the  Szamos.     Pop.  1100. 

Fabius,  fab'e-us  or  fi'be-iis,  a  river  of  Missouri,  is 
formed  by  three  branches,  called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South 
Pabius.  The  main  river,  which  is  about  1  mile  long,  enters 
the  Mississippi  in  Marion  oo.,  about  5  miles  below  Quincy, 


HL  The  North  Fabius  rises  in  Iowa,  and  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Scotland  and  Lewis  cos.  of  Missouri.  The 
South  Fabius  runs  southeastward  through  Knox  co.,  and 
unites  with  the  North  Fabius  in  Marion  co.,  nearly  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Palmyra.  The  Middle  Fabius  rises  in  Schuyler 
CO.,  runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  North  Fabius  in  Lewis  co. 
The  length  of  the  North  Fabius  is  estimated  at  140  miles. 

Pabius,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala.,  about  6  miles 
E.  of  Stevenson. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missouri 
line.     Pop.  1074.     It  contains  Monterey. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.     P.  1085, 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,     Pop.  1104. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1908. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Schuyler  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1474. 

Fabius,  or  Craw'ford  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  A  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  W.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fabius,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fa- 
bius township,  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  Ac.  Pop.  378. 
Dairy-products  are  the  chief  exports  of  the  township, 
which  contains  a  village  named  Apulia,  and  a  pop.  of  1966. 


FAB 


1152 


FAX 


Fabius,  a  post-oflaoe  of  Hardy  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Fabriano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Fabbriano. 

Fabrics ,  the  Latin  name  of  Fa  verges. 

Fabriqne  la  Nneva,  f&-bree'k&  1&  noo-i'rk,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  of  Malaga,  near  the  Guadiaro.     P.  2475. 

Fabrizia,  f&-brid'ze-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Monteleone.  It  suffered  greatly  by  the 
earthquakes  of  1783.     Pop.  5556. 

Fabyan  (fa'b§-an)  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  oo., 
N.H.,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  North  Conway.  It  has  a 
large  hotel  and  3  lumber-mills. 

Face'ville,  a  post- village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  34  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Faches,  f&sh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  4  miles 
from  Lille.     Pop.  2275. 

Fachingen,  f&'King-^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  with  celebrated  springs. 

Fack'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Soottsborougb.     It  has  a  church. 

Facone,  tk-ko'nk,  a  lake  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  57 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Tokio,  9i  miles  long,  gives  rise  to  a  small 
river  of  the  same  name,  which  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Yeddo. 
The  Japanese  attach  peculiar  sanctity  to  this  lake. 

Fac'tory  Creek,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  is  formed  by  the 
union  of  Claverack  and  Kinderhook  Creeks.  It  enters  the 
Hudson  River  4  miles  above  the  city  of  Hudson. 

Factory  Dale,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  South  River,  4  miles  from  Aylesford.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  carding-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  an 
agricultural  implement  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  179. 

Factory  Island,  one  of  the  Isles  de  Los,  off  the  W. 
ooast  of  Africa,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  9° 
28'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  44'  W. 

Factory  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  from  Beaver  Dam  Depot. 

Factory  Point,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  town- 
•hip,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  near  the  Battenkill  River  and 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Manchester 
Station,  and  about  33  miles  S.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery.  The  main  business  of  the  place  is  cutting 
marble,  which  is  quarried  here. 

Factory  Village,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Connecticut  River,  opposite  Turner's  Falls. 

Factory  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Ballston  Spa.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Fac'toryville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Mioh., 
about  21  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Battle  Creek,  and  14 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Centreville. 

Factoryville,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  Weeping 
Water  Creek,  36  miles  S.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Factoryville,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Crown 
Point  township,  2  miles  W.  of  Crown  Point  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  machine-shop,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
carriage-wheels,  sash,  and  doors. 

Factoryville,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.     See  Waverly. 

Factoryville,  a  post-borough  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  a 
stone-quarry.     Pop.  in  1890,  577. 

Fadd,  fddd,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  about  2  miles 
from  Tolna,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  5050. 

Fades  (^dz)  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.. 
Pa.,  15  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Fadette,  fi-det',  a  post-office  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala. 

Fadievskoi,  fi-de-dv'skoi,  an  island  of  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  Asiatic  Russia,  lat.  76°  N.,  Ion.  141°-145°  B., 
between  the  islands  of  Kotelnoi  and  New  Siberia.  Length, 
from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  100  miles;  breadth,  35  miles. 

Fag'leysville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 

Fsegloee,or  F£lgl6e,  fi'glo\  one  of  the  Aland  Islands, 
in  the  Baltic,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  group.  Lat.  60°  N. ; 
Ion.  20°  20'  E. 

Fsemund,  or  F&mund,  fi'moond\  a  lake  of  Norway, 
near  the  Swedish  frontier,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Trondhjem. 
Length,  37  miles  ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Fsengoee,  or  Fftngoe,  fSng'go*,  an  island  in  the  Bal- 
tic, off  the  E.  coast  of  Sweden.  Lat.  58°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  16° 
57' E. 

Faeuza,  fi-fin'zl  (anc.  Faven'tia),  a  city  of  Central 
Italy,  province  of  Ravenna,  31  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ra- 
venna, at  the  junction  of  the  canal  of  Zanelli  with  the 
Lamone.  Pop.  36,299.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  de- 
fended by  a  citadel.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  fine  marble  foun- 
tain, schools  of  painting,  a  college,  a  hospital,  and  lunatio 
ind  orphan  asylums.  It  has  manufactures  of  a  peculiar 
*rt.henware  (called,  from  the  name  of  the  town,  faience), 


silk  twist,  and  paper,  and  a  brisk  trade  by  the  canal  to  thv 
Po.  It  has  several  interesting  art  collections,  and  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Faerder,  or  Fftrder,  fiR'd^r,  a  small  island  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Norway,  with  a  light-house,  in  lat.  59°  3'  N.,  Ion. 
10°  37'  E. 

Faero,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Faroe. 

Fsesulae,  the  ancient  name  of  Fiesole. 

Fafard,  fi^fard',  a  post-village  in  LotbiniSre  co.,  Que^ 
bee,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  LotbiniSre.     Pop.  100. 

Fagagna,  fi-gin'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Udine.  It  has  remains  of  an  old  castle,  and  several  mills. 
Pop.  3957. 

Fagale  Ligurnm.    See  Fa  vale. 

Fag'gert's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  619. 

FagleySTille,  fag'liz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Han- 
over township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pottstown. 

F&gloe,  one  of  the  Aland  Islands.     See  FjEOL(ee. 

Fagnano,  f&n-y&'no,  or  Fagnano-Olona,  f&n-yi'- 
no-o-lo'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Olona,  19  miles  N.W. 
of  Milan.     Pop.  3167. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.  of  Verona, 
famous  for  a  battle  in  1799  between  the  French  and  the 
Austrians. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Aquila. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3940. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ravenna,  1(> 
miles  S.W.  of  Faenza. 

Fagun'dns,  a  post- village  in  Deerfield  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  E.  of  ^tusville,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Tldioute.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  several  oil-wells. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Fagns  Lecoram,  tke  ancient  name  of  Fouo. 

Fahleeyan,  or  Fahliyan,  f&hMee^y&n',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Fars,  45  miles  N.  of  Kazeroon,  with  from 
60  to  70  houses,  but  formerly  of  more  importance. 

Fahlnn,  a  town  or  province  of  Sweden.     See  Fahtm. 

Fahrafeld,  f&'r&-fdlt\  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Triesting,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  700. 

Faido,  f  i'do,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellinzona,  on  the  Ticino.     Pop.  661. 

Fai-Fo,  fi-fo,  a  town  of  Annam,  in  the  province  of 
Quang-Nan,  on  a  river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  China  Sea, 
15  miles  S.  of  Tooron.  It  has  a  large  Booddhio  temple, 
with  2  other  Chinese  temples.     Pop.  15,000. 

Faioom,  or  Faioom,  Egypt.     See  Fayoom. 

Fair'bank,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Oelwein,  and  13  miles  (direct)  N.N.W. 
of  Independence.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  sash-  and  door- factory. 
Pop.  448. 

Fair'banks,  a  post- village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  public  hall. 

Fairbanks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  about 
18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairbanks,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Pine  Ridge. 

Fair  Blnff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C,  64 
miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-gin, 
2  turpentine-stills,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  243. 

Fair'burn,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga., 
18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  5  churches, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  steam-gins,  flour-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  695. 

Fair'bury,  a  post-village  in  Livingston  co.,  HI.,  59 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Peoria,  and  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Pontiac.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  an 
academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  soda-water, 
lumber,  sorghum,  cider,  lath-  and  wire-fence,  a  foundry,  and 
2  coal-mines.     Pop.  2324. 

Fairbury,  a  post- village  and  railroad  junction,  capital 
of  Jefferson  co..  Neb.,  72  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln, 
and  32  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  5  churches, 
4  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  2630. 

Fair^chance',  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  fur- 
nace, and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  coke.     Pop.  1092. 

Fair'child,  a  post-village  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  31 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  645. 

Fair  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Han 
nibal  township-,  2 J  miles  from  Hannibal  Station. 


PAI 


1153 


FAl 


t  Fairdale«  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
fessup  township,  4  or  5  miles  S.W.  of  Montrose.  It  has  a 
fhurch,  2  stores,  Ac. 

Fair  Deal'ing,  a  post-faamlet  of  Marshall  cc,  Ky.,  7 
piles  E.  of  Benton. 

Fair'faX)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
,n  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
i>r.E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
3ull  Run  and  Occoquan  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
xtensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is,  or  was  once, 
hoderately  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
he  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
|Oads,  namely,  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac,  the  Chesapeake  & 
Vhio,  and  Richmond  &  Danville.  Capital,  Fairfax  Court- 
house. Mount  Vernon,  once  the  residence  of  General 
ITashington,  is  situated  in  the  eastern  portion  of  this  county, 
•op.  in  1870,  12,952;  in  1880,  16,025;  in  1890,  16,655. 

Fairfax,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
'acific  Coast  Railroad,  18  miles  from  San  Francisco. 
Fairfax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe   co.,  Ind.,  on  Salt 
'reek,  12  miles  S.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church  and 
J  lumber-mill. 

!  Fairfax,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in  New  Garden 
bwnship.     Pop.  21. 

I  Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  Prairie 
ireek,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  3 
jhurches  and  a  high  school.  The  corporate  name  of  the 
lillage  is  Vanderbilt.  Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township  in 
¥90,  1110. 

Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  20  miles 
k  rail  E.  of  Redwood  Falls,  and  15  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S. 
i  Beaver  Falls.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  news- 
Is  per  offices.     Pop.  351. 

I  Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
k  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Corning,  and  8  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of 
I  )okport.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a 
rick-  and  tile-factory.  Pop.  329. 
Fairfax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  30  miles 
B.  of  Maryville,  Tenn. 

Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about  40 
liles  S.W.  of  Cnillicothe.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  84. 
Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fairfax 
brnship,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  about  11  miles  (direct) 
|.  by  E.  of  St.  Albans.     It  has  a  Baptist  theological  school, 
^  led  the  New  Hampshire  Institution,  several  churches, 
pd  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  flour,  lumber,  Ac.     The 
rraship  has  5  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1523. 
Fairfax,  Virginia.     See  Culpeper. 
Fairfax   Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
■'airfax  co.,  Va.,  20  miles  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and  3^ 
;  liles  N.  of  Fairfax  Station.     It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
jhool,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  350. 
[Fairfax  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va., 
J8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Alexandria.     It  has  2  churches. 
Fair'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  2  miles 
E.  of  Buxton.     Pop.  2103. 
Fairfield,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  3^ 
iles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Manchester. 

Fair'field,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Connecti- 
t,  bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  540  square 
iles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Housatonio 
iver,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  which  affords 
eat  facilities  for  trade  and  navigation.  The  surface  is 
artiy  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ts. The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn,  potatoes. 
Is,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.     This  county  has 

fportant  manufactures  of  hats,  caps,  sewing-machines, 
lollen  goods,  Ac.  Granite  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  It 
intersected  by  the  Housatonio  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
lew  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad,  and  the  New  York  A 
^ew  England  Railroad.  Capitals,  Danbury  and  Bridge- 
Wt,  both  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 
p,276;  in  1880,  112,042;  in  1890,  150,081. 

Fairfield,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
n  area  of  about  474  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
looking  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Rush  Creek.  The 
firfaoe  of  the  southern  part  is  hilly,  and  the  other  parts 
!re  undulating  or  nearly   level;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 

Kdian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the 
,  iple  products.  The  rocks  which  lie  next  to  the  surface 
(re  limestone  and  freestone  (or  sandstone),  a  good  material 
br  building.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  Canal,  the  Cin- 
innati  A  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Hock- 
Jig  Valley  A  Toledo  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Shawnee  A 
flocking  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo  A  Ohio  Central 
Lailroad.  Capital,  Lancaster.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,138;  in 
880.  34,284;  in  1890,  33,939. 


Fairfield,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  775  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Wateree  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills,  valleys,  and  extensive  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Rich- 
mond A  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Winn«- 
borough,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,888 ;  in  1880,  27,765 ; 
in  1890,  28,599. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Covington  co.,  Ala.,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Evergreen  Station. 

Fairfield,  a  village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  5  stores 
and  a  steam  mill.  Cotton  is  shipped  here.  Here  is  Stone 
Post-Office. 

Fairfield,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  6  milei 
by  rail  E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento,  and  60  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Suisun  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  500. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad,  52  miles 
N.E.  of  New  York,  and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  hotels  for  summer  boarders.  The 
township  is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery.  It  contains 
Greenfield  Hill,  Southport,  and  other  villages.  Fairfield  is 
a  port  of  entry.  Pop.  in  1870,  5645,  after  which  date  a 
part  of  the  town  was  merged  in  the  city  of  Bridgeport. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3748;  in  1890,  3868. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.     Pop.  748. 

Fairfield,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  Branch  of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad, 
129  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  fine  brick  school-house,  2  flouring-mills,  2  planing-mills, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1881. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1361. 
It  contains  Fairfield  Centre. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  2  churches,  graded  schools,  and  manu- 
factures of  buggies  and  carriages.     Pop.  300. 

Fairfield  (Oakford  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Howard 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Kokomo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
17,766,  inclusive  of  Linwood. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.   P.  602. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  614. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1542. 
It  contains  Brush  Creek  and  Taylorsville. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  836. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Maquoketa  River.     Pop.  798. 

Fairfield,  a  city,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  is  beau- 
tifully situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Rail- 
road, where  it  crosses  the  Kansas  City  Line  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Ottumwa, 
50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  28  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Washington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  na- 
tional, savings,  and  private  banks,  a  public  library,  a  high 
school,  and  Parsons  College  (Presbyterian),  a  commercial 
college,  manufactures  of  wagons,  furniture,  drain-tile,  and 
haying-tools,  2  flour-mills,  a  broom-factory,  and  canning- 
works.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  3391 ;  of  the  township,  4303. 

Fairfield,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  3 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Alma. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  distillery.     Pop.  about  167. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  and 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  churches,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
refrigerators,  pulp,  lumber,  and  wooden  novelties,  clothing, 
grist-  and  flour-mills,  and  a  packing-factory.  One  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1890,  3510. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  14 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and  man- 
ufactures of  writing-paper.     Pop.  about  350. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3  churches,  graded  schools,  saw-  and 
flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  barrels  and  barrel-hoops. 


FAl 


1154 


PAI 


Fairfield,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  cc,  Mich.    P.  977. 

Fairfield,  a  post-township  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.    P.  450. 

Fairfield,  a  station  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  W.  of  Farmington,  Minn. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Pomme  de  Terre  River,  li  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about 
42  miles  S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and 
12  families. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  56  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Fairbury,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hast- 
ings. It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  syrup-factory, 
a  cigar-factory,  a  butter-factory,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  1600 ;  of  Fairfield 
township  in  1890,  1903. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  is 
bounded  S.W.  by  Delaware  Bay.  Pop.  3011.  It  contains 
Fairton,  Cedarville,  Ac. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Cald- 
well township,  on  the  Passaic  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Moun- 
tain View  Station,  which  is  6  miles  W.  of  Paterson.  It 
has  a  church. 

Fairfield,  a  station  on  the  Freehold  &  Jamesburg  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Freehold,  N.J. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Utiea.  It  contains  3 
churches,  Fairfield  Academy,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
281 ;  of  the  township,  1573. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  township,  Hyde 
eo.,  N.C.,  on  Mattamuskeet  Lake,  about  56  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Newbern.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1145. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  2431,  ex- 
clusive of  the  city  of  Hamilton. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Youngstown.  Pop.  2652.  It  contains  a  village 
named  Columbiana. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo.,  0.,  in  Bath 
township,  on  Mad  River,  near  the  Atlantic  A  Great  West- 
ern Railroad,  1^  miles  from  Osborn  Station,  and  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
high  school,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  310. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  2565, 
including  Centrefield,  East  Monroe,  New  Lexington,  and 
Leesburg. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  1332. 
It  contains  the  village  of  North  Fairfield. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1210. 
It  contains  the  village  of  California  or  Big  Plain. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.  It  has 
beds  of  coal  and  of  black-band  iron  ores.     Pop.  781. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  0.     Pop.  824. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Salem.  Much  wheat  is 
here  shipped  by  steamboat. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Chambersburg,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Gettys- 
burg.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  258. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  871. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Meadville  to  Franklin. 

Fairfield,  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa.     See  Cottage. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  479, 
exclusive  of  Montoursville.    See  Fairfield  Centre. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1895.     It  includes  Bolivar,  West  Fairfield,  Ac. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Wartrace  Depot.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Freestone  oo.,  Tex., 
60  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Waco,  and  30  miles  W.  of  Palestine. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
of&ce,  and  manufactures  of  tinware  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments.    Pop.  499. 

Fairfield,  a  post-office  of  Utah  co.,  Utah. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  li  miles  from  Fairfield  Station,  and  about 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  leather,  carriages,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  about  350. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  about 
28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co.,  Washington, 
34  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  150. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  on  Turtle 
Creek,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Janesville.    It  has  a  church. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  57  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Fairfield,  or  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  On- 
tario, 18  miles  E.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  160. 


Fairfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind., 
in  Fairfield  township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fairfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Me., 
4  miles  W.  of  Fairfield  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

Fairfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co., 
Pa.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairfield  East,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario, 
5i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brockville.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  3 
cheese-factories.     Pop.  100. 

Fair'ford,  a  town  of  England,  on  the  Colne,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Cotswold  Hills,  co.  and  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1626. 

Fair  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co,,  S.C., 
2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spartanburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Fair  Gar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Sevierville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Fair  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  5  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Fair  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y. 

Fair  Grounds,  a  station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  i; 
Texas  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Fair  Grove,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  172. 

Fair  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  oo.,  Mich.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Reese.  It  has  3  churches,  a  stave- 
and  heading-factory,  and  a  hoop-factory. 

Fair  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  about  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fair  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  oo.,  N.C. 

Fair  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Quinepia^  River,  and  on  the  Shore  Line 
Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  the  initial  station  in  New  Haven,  of 
which  city  the  village  now  forms  the  11th  and  12th  wards. 
Fair  Haven  East,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Quinepiac,  and  of 
New  Haven  harbor,  forms  the  14th  and  15th  wards  of  the 
city  of  New  Haven,     Pop.  in  1890,  11,320. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  oo.,  111.,  12 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mount  Carroll.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop. 1169. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of  Anne 
Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  45  miles  S.  of 
Baltimore,  and  18  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  Here  is  a  larga 
hotel.     Steamboats  ply  between  this  plaoe  and  Baltimore. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Fairhaven  township,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Acushnet  River,  and  on  the  Fairhaven  Branch  Rail 
road,  which  connects  with  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  1  mile 
E.  of  New  Bedford,  and  about  54  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  library, 
a  public  school,  a  high  school,  a  tack-factory,  and  the  Boston 
A  Fairhaven  Iron-works.  It  is  connected  with  New  Bed- 
ford by  a  long  bridge,  and  has  a  good  harbor.  Pop.  of 
township,  2919. 

Fair  Haven,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.    P.  769. 

Fair  Haven,  or  Swan  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Irs 
township,  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  on  Anchor  Bay,  in  Lake  St, 
Clair,  9  miles  S.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  stave-faotory,  and  a  brick- 
yard.    Pop.  about  500. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post- village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Fair  Haven  township,  near  Clearwater  Lake,  and  about  M 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  346. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  on  the  Navasink  River,  2i  miles 
N.E.  of  Red  Bank.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-factory,  » 
large  hotel,  and  several  boarding-houses. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y,  ia 
Sterling  township,  on  Little  Sodus  Bay  of  Lake  Oillario,  31 
miles  N.  of  Auburn,  and  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego. 
It  is  the  north  terminus  of  the  Southern  Central  Railroad, 
and  has  a  harbor  2  miles  long  and  1  mile  wide.  It  has  a 
newspaper,  2  churches,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  coal,  brought  from  Pennsylvania,  are  shipped  hero 
on  the  lake.     Pop.  in  1890,  738. 

Fairhaven,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gaine* 
township,  2i  miles  from  Albion.     It  has  a  church. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C,  on  Deep 
River,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jonesborough  Station.  It  has  » 
flour-mill  and  a  quarry  of  soapstone. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  Fott^ 
Mile  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  ' 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  wagons. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  o» 


tAI 


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FAI 


It 


ae  Castle  Shannon  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Pittsbarg. 
as  a  flour-mill. 

j  Fair  llaveU)  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fair 
1  aven  township,  on  Castleton  River,  and  on  the  Delaware 
:  Hudson  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Rutland,  and  9  miles 
l.N.E.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  national 
anks,  a  graded  school,  many  fine  residences,  a  public  park, 
ud  quarries  and  manufactories  of  good  marble  and  slate. 
■up.  in  1890,  2791. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-village  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washing- 

n,  26  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Sedro,  and  about  4  miles 
ilirect)  S.  of  Whatcom.  It  has  8  churches,  4  banks,  4  news- 
aper  ofBoes,  lumber-,  planing-,  and  saw- mills,  a  foundry, 
nd  machine-shops.     Pop.  4076. 

Fairha'ven,  or  Deer  Island^  a  post- village  in  Char- 
)tte  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  an  island  in  Passamaquoddy 
;ay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
t.  Andrews.     Pop.  of  island,  1000. 

!  Fairha'ven,  a  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Spitzbergen. 
liat.  79°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  6'  E. 

Fair  Head,  or  Benmore'  Head,  a  lofty  promon- 
)ry  on  the  northern  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  5 
liles  E.N.E.  of  Ballycastle.  It  is  an  immense  body  of 
Dlumnar  greenstone,  530  feet  in  elevation. 

Fair  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
liles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Fair'hope,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  20  miles 
ly  rail  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  a  church,  large  lum- 
lor-mills,  and  manufactures  of  fire-bricks. 

Fair  Island,  an  island  in  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfound- 
'and,  9  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  212. 
i  Fair  Isle  (ile),  Scotland,  is  23  miles  S.W.  of  Mainland, 
'  letland  Islands.     Length,  4  miles.     Pop.  226. 

Fair'land,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about  7 
L  iles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Shelbyville,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of 

idianapolis.     It  has  3  churches  and   a  district  school. 
>)p.  513. 
I  Fairland,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Fair'iee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent 
ounty  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Chestertown.  It  has  a  church. 

Fairiee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fairlee 
)(niship,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsio 
l;iilroad,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River  Junction.  Pop. 
f  the  township,  416. 

Fairlee  Lake,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  is  about  2  miles  W.  of 
le  Connecticut  River,  and  nearly  3  miles  long. 

Fair'ley,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the  coast, 

oailes  S.  of  Largs.     It  has  an  old  castle.     Pop.  307. 

Fair'mont,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Martin  oo., 
dinn.,  17  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Winnebago  City.  It  is 
li;uated  in  a  fertile  country  diversified  by  prairies  and 
^(<autiful  small  lakes.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
iKper  offices,  flour-mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  and 
k  oigar-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  1205. 
!  Fairmont,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 

arke  co..  Mo.,  about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Keokuk, 
|owa,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Luray  Railroad  Station.    It  has 

)^ough-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Fairmont,  a  post- village  of  Fillmore  oo..  Neb.,  on 

e  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  53  miles  W.S.W. 
f  Lincoln,  and  28  miles  E.  of  Harvard.     It  has  a  bank, 

churches,  and  a  weekly  newspaper. 

Fairmont,  a  hamlet  of  Warren   co.,    N.J.,  2   miles 

)m  AYashington. 
I  Fairmont,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marion  oo., 
V.  Va.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  and 
n  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  302  miles  W.  of  Balti- 
lore,  and  77  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.  A  suspension 
ridge  across  the  river  connects  Fairmont  with  Palatine. 
Fairmont  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banks,  a 
state  normal  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  glass-factories, 
md  manufactures  of  flour,  cigars,  furniture,  machinery,  and 
soke.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1023. 

Fair  Mount,  a  post-village  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  about 
>6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.    It  has  a  church. 

Fair'mount,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  111.    Pop.  968. 

Fair  mount,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in 
Vance  township,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Danville.  It 
pas  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  tile-factory,  and 
ti  newspaper  office.     Pop.  649. 

I  Fairmount,  a  post-village  in  Fairmount  township. 
Grant  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan 
Bailroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Marion,  and  56  miles  N.N.E.  of 
-Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  flour- 
Mnills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1462;  of  the  township,  2839. 

Fairmount,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 


Keokuk  <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dcd 
Moines. 

Fairmount,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.    P.  261. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Fairmount  township,  and  on  the  Leavenworth 
Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  hajs  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  875. 

Fairmount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairmount,  a  village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  6  milea 
N.W.  of  Belair.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Here  is  High  Point  Post-Office. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  22  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Salisbury,  and  2  miles  from  Chesapeake  Bay.  It 
contains  the  Fairmount  Academy  and  2  churches. 

Fairmount,  a  station  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Fair  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Tewksbury  township,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Trenton.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  general  stores. 
Fairmount,  a  village  in  the  former  town  of  West 

Farms,  which  in  1873  was  annexed  to  the  city  of  New 
York. 

Fair  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Syracuse. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  N.D.,  14 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hankinson,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Wahpeton. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  91. 

Fairmount,  a  village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.     Pop.  125. 

Fairmount,  or  Stock'yard,  a  station  in  Hamilton 
CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Cincinnati. 

Fairmount,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  E. 
of  Bostonia  Junction,  and  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Red  Bank 
Furnace.  Much  excellent  coal  is  here  mined  and  shipped, 
and  there  are  beds  of  limestone  and  iron  ore. 

Fairmount,  a  hamlet  in  Little  Britain  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  12  or  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Fairmount,  a  township  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1031.     It  contains  Fairmount  Springs. 

Fairmount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Walden  Ridge,  10  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  or  3  churches. 

Fairmount,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  co.,  Tex. 

Fairmount  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  oo..  Pa. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
30  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  San 
J036,  Cal. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Mid- 
dletown.     It  has  a  hotel.     Milk  is  shipped  here. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Calapooya  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Oakland  Station.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  station  in  Henrico  00.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond, York  River  <fc  Chesapeake  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Richmond.  In  the  vicinity  was  fought  a  bloody  battle  on 
May  31,  1862. 

Fair^plains',  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
929.     It  contains  the  hamlet  of  Fenwick. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  28  miles  E.  of  Latrobe. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Park  co..  Col.,  is 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  South  Park,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Sil- 
verheel  Mountain,  and  80  miles  S.W.  of  Denver.  Altitude, 
9764  feet.     It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4  hotels,  and 

3  churches.    Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here.    P.  (1890)  301. 
Fair  Play,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  2 

miles  from  Breathedsville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  49  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Osceola,  and  8  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Bolivar. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy, 
and  a  handle-factory.     Pop.  about  700. 

Fair  Play,  Jefferson  co.,  0.    See  Bloomfield  Station. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  15  miles 
S.  of  Walhalla.     It  has  a  church  and  about  25  families. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-borough  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  27  milee 
S.  by  E.  of  Long  View.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Fair  Play,  apost- village  in  Jamestown  township.  Grant 
CO.,  Wis.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Dunleith,  111.,  and  about  6  milea 
E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fair  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Little  Arkansas  River,  about  14  miles  N.B. 
of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 


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Fair  Point,  a  small  po8t-\riIlage  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
about  22  mile8  E.S.E.  of  Faribault. 

Fair  Point,  or  Point  Chautan'qna,  a  summer 
resort  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Chautauqua  Lake,  3 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Mayville,  oonsiats  of  ■•reral  hundred 
summer  cottages.  The  annual  sessions  of  the  National 
Sunday-School  Assembly  were  first  held  here  in  1875. 

Fair'port,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Bweetland  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  8  miles  above 
Muscatine.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing,  and  5  potteries 
which  manufacture  stoneware.     Fop.  about  136. 

Fairport,  a  post-office  of  De  Ealb  co..  Mo. 

Fairport,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rochester.    It  contains 

5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
several  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  saleratus, 
baking-powder,  carriages,  shoes,  soap,  evaporators,  mineral- 
water,  syrup,  preserves,  and  fences.  Pop.  in  1880, 1920;  in 
1890,  2562. 

Fairport,  a  village  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  about  3  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Painesville.  It  has  a  church,  marine  supplies, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1171. 

Fair  Port,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  co.,  Va. 

Fair'ton,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Fairfield  township,  on  Cohansey  Creek,  and  on  the  Bridgeton 

6  Port  Norris  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  manufactures  of  glass. 

Fair^view',  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

FairvieWf  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ark.,  about  48  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Fayetteville.  Near  it  are  3  churches.  Here  is 
Osage  Post-Office. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co..  Ark.,  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fair  View,  a  hamlet  of  Volusia  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the  Hills- 
borough River,  about  1  mile  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Fair  Yiew,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles 
W.  of  Summerville. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Owyhee  oo., 
Idaho,  in  the  valley  of  Snake  River,  208  miles  N.  of  Win- 
nemucca,  Nevada.     Here  are  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Fairview,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  in  Fairview 
township,  about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  a  furnitnre-faotory,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  2  banks.     Pop.  492. 

FairvieAV,  Richland  co..  111.    See  Calhoun. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  601. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Groves,  sometimes  called  Fairview. 

Fairview,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Terre 
Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  in  Greene  township,  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  14  miles 
N.B.  of  Muncie.     Pop.  142. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  492. 

Fairview,  a  townsnip  of  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1689, 
exclusive  of  Monroe. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in  Fair- 
view  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Anamosa,  and  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  238 ;  of 
the  township,  exclusive  of  Anamosa,  1173. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  River.     Pop.  404. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  873. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  S.  of 
Indianola.     It  has  2  churches.    Here  is  Sharon  Post-Office. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Sabetha,  and  10  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Hiawatha. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  lumber-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.    P.  826. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    P.  858. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas.    P.  1563. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Elkton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop.  183.  Jefferson 
Davis  was  born  here. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill  (for  stone),  2  stores, 
and  a  quarry  of  freestone. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of  Con- 
cordia parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  about 
16  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  175. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Mies. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  910. 
It  contains  Prootorville. 


Fairview,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo.     P.  IOCS 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  14  milei 
S.W.  of  Maryville. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Central  township,  St.  Louii 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ridge- 
field  township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  8 
miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  7  houses. 

Fairview,  Long  Island.     See  Genola. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  about 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Asheville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of  Fairview  town- 
ship, 779. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  in  Oxford 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Barnesville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
union  school.     Pop.  377. 

Fairview,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Jewett. 

Fairview,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  Burton  City. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  50  milet 
W.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Coal  is  mined 
near  it. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Ohio  town- 
ship, 10  miles  W.  of  Beaver,  and  1  mile  from  Ohiovilla 
Post-Office.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  100.     Excellent  soft  coal  abounds  here. 

Fairview,  a  borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fairview 
township,  1^  miles  from  Petrolia  Railroad  Station,  aud  about 
30  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  4  churches,  public  graded 
schools,  several  oil-wells,  and  fountains  of  gas  which  is  used 
for  fuel  and  light.  Here  is  Baldwin  Post-Office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  303;  of  the  township,  1996. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  Jackson 
township,  3  miles  from  Mineral  Point  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Fairview  (West  Fairview  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Cumberland  oo.,  Pa./  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  above  Harri?- 
burg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  nail-factory,  and  a  saw-milL 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Fairview,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  Fairview 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &,  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Erie,  and  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, sash,  blinds,  Ac.    Pop.  480 ;  of  the  township,  1674. 

Fairview,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  ia 
Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  15  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  fine  view  of  the  Wyoming  Valley.  Here  is 
Mountain  Top  Post-Office. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  920.  It 
contains  Fredonia,  and  a  namlet  called  Fairview. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susque- 
hanna.    Pop.  1941.     It  contains  New  Market. 

Fairview,  a  post-township  of  Greenville  oo.,  S.C.,  IV 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Greenville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  academies, 
and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  1749. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Fair  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  28  milei 
S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Fair  View,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  2S  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Manti.  It  has  3  churches,  2  academies, 
a  flour-mill,  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  844. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  in  the  valley 
of  the  Clinch  River,  49  miles  W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
88  miles  N.  of  Wheeling,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Cumberland. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  stores  and 
general  business  houses.     Pop.  226. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Farmington  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  manufacture! 
of  carpets  and  furniture,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  3  miles 
from  Flemington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  3  miles  S.  of 
Cuba  City,  and  about  11  miles  S.  of  Platteville.  It  has  a 
graded  school  and  a  smelting-furnace  for  lead. 

Fairview  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Pa.,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
large  creamery,  a  tannery,  and  other  business  houses. 

Fair'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Miami.     It  has  a  chureh  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  100. 

Fairville,  a  post-village  in  Arcadia  township,  Wayne 


FAI 


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flO.f  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Sodas  Point  &  Southern  Railroad, 
I  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  about  30  miles  £.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  154. 

Fairville*  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  33  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  Hero  is  a  boarding-house 
for  summer  boarders. 

Fair'ville,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  John. 
It  contains  several  churches,  the  provincial  lunatic  asylum, 
and  a  number  of  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  1500. 

Fair  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis., 
5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brandon,  and  about  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Fond  du  Lao.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
creamery. 

Fairway  Rock,  one  of  the  Diomede  Islands. 

Fair'Aveather,  a  mountain  of  Alaska,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Cape  Fairweather,  is  stated  to  have  an  elevation  of 
14,782  feet. 

Fair  Weath'er,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Adams  co.,  111. 

Fairweather's  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Black 
Rock  Harbor,  Conn.  On  it  is  a  light-house,  lat.  41°  8' 
24"  N.,  Ion.  73°  13'  30"  W. 

Faison,  fa'spn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Golds- 
borough.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Faisouia,  fa-so'ne-a,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point 
of  Sunflower  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Sunflower  River,  about  180 
miles  N.  of  Vicksburg. 

Faith,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Pine  Blufi".  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  railroad  timber  and  brooms.    Pop.  100. 

Faizabad,  India.     See  Ftzabad. 

Faizapoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Fyzapoob. 

Fajardo,  or  Faxardo,  f&-HaR'd5,  a  town  of  Porto 
Rico,  on  the  E.  coast,  5  miles  S.  of  the  N.E.  angle  of  that 
island.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  telegraph  lines  to  other  West 
Indian  ports  and  to  the  United  States,  a  small  theatre,  and 
a  church.     Pop.  3500. 

Fajemmia,  fi-jfim'me-a,  a  fortified  town  of  Senegam- 
bia,  in  Konkodoo,  and  the  residence  of  its  chief,  120  miles 
S.E.  of  Fatteconda.     Lat.  12°  50'  N.;  Ion.  10°  35'  W. 

Fa'kenham-Lanc'aster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  on  the  Wensum,  and  on  a  railway,  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Norwich.     It  has  a  magnificent  church.     Pop.  1831. 

Fak- Who-Mun,  or  Fa-Kno-Mun,  a  town  of  Man- 
ohooria,  province  of  Leao-Tong,  near  the  palisade  wall,  and 
60  miles  N.  of  Mookden.     Pop.  12,000. 

Fal,  fil,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  flows  S.S.W. 
into  the  estuary  which  forms  Falmouth  Harbor. 

Falaba,  fi-li'bi,  a  fortified  town  of  Senegambia,  capi- 
tal of  Soolimana,  215  miles  N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone.  Pop. 
6000  (?). 

Falaise,  Wliz'  (anc.  Fale'riaf),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Calvados,  on  an  elevated  but  broken  flat,  bordering  on  a 
rocky  precipice,  or  falaiae,  whence  its  name,  23  miles  (35 
by  rail)  S.S.E.  of  Caen.  It  consists  of  three  distinct  parts, 
— the  town  proper,  almost  completely  surrounded  by  old 
walls ;  the  suburbs  of  St.  Laurent  and  Val  d'Ante,  extend- 
ing into  the  narrow  ravine  below  the  precipice  on  which  the 
town  stands;  and  the  suburb  of  Quibray,  sometimes  called 
the  high  town,  and  situated  on  a  height  about  1  mile  E. 
The  situation  is  very  picturesque,  but  the  streets  are  ir- 
regular, the  houses  generally  indifferent,  and  the  appearance 
of  the  town  dull.  The  churches  of  St.  Laurent,  St.  Gervais, 
and  St.  Guibiay,  the  town  house,  general  hospital,  H6tel- 
Dieu,  and  public  library,  are  deserving  of  notice ;  but  the 
great  object  of  attraction  is  the  castle  and  the  birthplace  of 
William  the  Conqueror.  It  occupies  a  commanding  posi- 
tion on  a  promontory  connected  with  the  plateau  on  which 
the  town  is  built  on  one  side  only,  and  isolated  on  the  others 
by  steep  ravines,  and  before  the  invention  of  gunpowder 
was  a  place  of  great  strength.  It  is  now  only  a  grand  and 
picturesque  ruin.  A  colossal  bronze  equestrian  statue  of 
the  Conqueror,  by  Louis  Rochet,  stands  here.  Falaise  is 
the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  commerce.  Its  trade 
consists  of  wool,  horses,  cattle,  and  the  manufactures  of 
the  town,  comprising  cotton,  hosiery,  lace,  cotton  goods, 
leather,  and  paper.     Pop.  8120. 

Falalu,  ft-11-loo',  one  of  the  Caroline  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  Hogolen. 

Falces,  fil'thfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2746.  It  has  mineral 
springs,  and  ruins  of  a  Roman  castle. 

Falcet,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Falsbt. 

FalciD,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Faltsi. 

Falcon,  f&I-k5n',  a  state  of  Venezuela,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  and  further  enclosed  by  the  states  of  Lara 


and  Los  Andes  and  by  the  republic  of  Colombia.  Area, 
36,212  square  miles.  Coal,  petroleum,  asphalt,  jet,  and 
lead  ores  exist  here.     Capital,  Cofo.     Pop.  205,347. 

Fal 'con,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Ark.,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Hope,  and  about  40  miles  E.  of  Texarkana.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Falcon,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  oo.,  Col.,  19  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  168. 

Falcon,  a  post-village  of  MoNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  41  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Falconara,  f4l-ko-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
10  miles  W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1724. 

Fal'coner,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ellicott  township,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  k 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Jamestown,  32  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  half  a  mile  from  the  crossing  of  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Falconera,  or  Falkonera,  f&l-ko-n&'r&,  a  small 
island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  45  miles  from  the  S.E. 
coast  of  the  Morea,  and  28  miles  N.W.  of  Milo.  Lat.  36° 
60' 40"  N.;  Ion.  23°  54'  E. 

Falczy,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Faltsi. 

Falem6,  fiUi'mi,  Falemeh,  fi^li'mSh,  or  Ba  (b4) 
Fal  em  6,  a  river  of  Senegambia,  an  affluent  of  the  Sene- 
gal, which  it  joins  15  miles  N.W.  of  Galam,  in  lat.  14°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  11°  48'  W.,  after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles. 

Faleria,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Falaise. 

Falkenan,  fil'k^h-nSw^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  rail- 
way, 5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  3329. 

Falkenberg,  fil'k^n-bfiRO^  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1960. 

Falkenberg,  f&l'k^n-biRO^  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
Isen  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Halmstad,  with  a  small  harbor 
and  an  active  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  1245. 

Faikenbnrg,  fil'k^n-bCSRG^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  47  miles  S.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  3603. 

Falkenstein,  f&l'k^n-stine^  a  town  of  Saxony,  at  a 
railway  junction,  11  miles  E.  of  Plauen.     Pop.  5052. 

Falkingham,  England.    Bee  Folkikohah. 

Falk'ington,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.  P.  973. 

Falkirk,  f&l-kirk'  (commonly  pronounced  in  Scotland 
faw-kirk'),  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  on  an  emi- 
nence at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  fertile  tract  called  the 
Carse  of  Falkirk,  24  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 
It  has  a  town  house,  a  parish  church,  numerous  schools,  a 
public  library,  several  branch  banks,  a  foundry,  and  some 
small  manufactures.  The  Carron  and  other  iron-works  are 
near  the  town,  which  is  famous  for  its  three  annual 
trysts,  the  largest  cattle-fairs  in  Scotland.  Falkirk  unites 
with  Linlithgow,  Lanark,  Hamilton,  and  Airdrie  in  send- 
ing one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Here  was 
fought,  A.D.  1298,  a  battle  between  the  troops  of  Sir  William 
Wallace  and  of  Edward  I.,  when  the  latter  was  victorious ; 
also,  in  1746,  an  engagement  between  the  Highlanders,  under 
Prince  Charles  Edward,  and  the  English  army.  Pop.,  with 
suburbs,  in  1881,  15,599;  in  1891,  17,307. 

Fal'kirk,  a  station  on  the  Canandaigua,  Batavia  k,  Tona- 
wanda  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Batavia,  N.Y. 

Fal'kirk,  or  Carlisle,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Siddell's  Creek,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Ailsa  Craig. 
It  has  good  water-power,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  a  cloth- 
factory.     Pop.  200. 

Falkjopmg,  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Falkoping. 

Falkland,  fawk'land,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
at  the  foot  of  East  Lotnond  Hill,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  only  object  of  interest  is  the  palace,  a  favorite 
hunting-seat  of  the  Scottish  monarchs.  The  chief  part  of 
the  present  edifice  was  built  by  James  V.,  who  died  here. 
Pop.  of  borough,  1144 ;  of  the  village,  additional,  1283. 

Falkland,  fawk'lq,nd,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Tar  River,  about  65  miles  E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Falkland,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Foster's. 

Falk'land  Islands  (Fr.  Malmiinet,  m&Moo-een';  Sp. 
Malvinas,  mil-vee'nis),  an  island  group  in  the  South  At- 
lantic Ocean,  forming  a  crown  colony  of  Great  Britain,  con- 
sisting altogether  of  some  200  islands,  large  and  small,  250 
miles  N.E.  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  between  lat.  51°  and  63°  S. 
and  Ion.  57°  and  62°  W.  Only  two  of  these  islands  are  of 
any  considerable  size;  they  are  called,  respectively,  East 
and  West  Falkland,  and  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
sound  (see  Falkland  Sound)  varying  in  breadth  from  2i  to 
18  miles.  East  Falkland  is  about  85  miles  in  length  and 
about  53  miles  in  breadth ;  area,  2700  square  miles.  West 
Falkland  is  80  miles  long  by  about  40  broad ;  area,  2000 
square  miles.     The  other  islands  are  mostly  mere  islets  and 


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rooks.  The  whole  group  is  indented  in  a  remarkable  man- 
ner by  bays,  harbors,  and  sounds  j  two  of  the  latter,  Choiseul 
and  Grantham,  penetrating  so  deeply  into  either  side  of 
East  Falkland  as  nearly  to  divide  it  into  two  parts. 

The  general  appearance  of  the  islands  is  by  no  means 
attractive.  PJdges  of  rocky  hills,  about  1000  feet  in  height, 
traverse  extensive  tracts  of  sombre  moorland,  unenlivened 
ty  a  tree,  and  limited,  seaward,  by  a  low,  rooky  coast,  on 
«rhich  the  surf  beats  with  violence.  On  the  N,  part  of  East 
Falkland  the  hills  attain  a  considerable  elevation,  but  the 
whole  of  the  S.  portion  is  low.  Scarcely  any  view  can  be 
more  dismal  than  that  from  the  heights:  moorland  and 
black  bog  extend  as  far  as  the  eye  can  discern,  intersected 
by  innumerable  streams  and  pools.  The  soil  is  generally 
peat,  although  much  of  what  seems  to  be  a  barren  moor  is 
solid  sandy  clay,  covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  vegetable  mould, 
on  which  grow  shrubby  bushes  and  a  coarse  grass,  affording 
ample  nourishment  to  oattle. 

The  climate  is  equable  and  remarkably  healthful,  there 
being  no  extremes  of  either  heat  or  cold.  The  ordinary 
range  of  the  thermometer  is  between  30°  and  50°  in  winter, 
and  from  40°  to  65°  in  summer.  Rain  and  high  winds  are 
frequent,  but  lightning  and  thunder  are  rare.  A  peouliar 
feature  of  the  Falklands  is  the  entire  destitution  of  trees ; 
but  there  is  a  great  variety  of  sweet-scented  flowers,  which, 
in  November  and  December,  nearly  cover  the  ground.  The 
tussao  grass  is  the  most  useful  and  singular  plant  in  the 
flora  6f  tllese  islands.  It  covers  all  the  small  islands  of  the 
group  like  a  forest  of  miniature  palms,  and  thrives  best  on 
the  snores  exposed  to  the  spray  of  the  sea.  So  far  as  tried, 
the  useful  kinds  of  vegetables  and  green  crops  generally 
have  thriven ;  but  fruits  and  wheat  do  not  ripen. 

The  rearing  of  oattle  and  sheep  is  the  principal  industry, 
and  hides  and  wool  are  the  staple  exports.  The  very  few 
animals  landed  originally  by  the  Buenos  Ayreans  and  others 
have  gone  on  increasing  rapidly  in  numbers.  The  wild 
horses  of  the  islands,  of  which  there  are  thousands,  are 
highly  thought  of.  Pigs  and  rabbits  are  plentiful.  The 
numerous  creeks  abound  with  fish,  which  are  caught  in  large 

?[aantities  by  the  simplest  means.  Sea-elephants  and  seal 
requent  the  shores,  and  whales  resort  to  tne  surrounding 
waters,  though  now  in  diminished  numbers.  There  are  no 
reptiles  of  any  kind  in  the  Falkland  Islands,  and  of  the 
quadrupeds  a  peculiar  species  of  fox  is  the  only  indigenous 
animal.  The  people  are  of  British  and  Spanish- American 
descent,  for  these  islands  were  uninhabited  when  discovered. 
The  principal  birds  are  geese,  snipes,  ducks,  hawks,  vul- 
tures, albatrosses,  gulls,  petrels,  penguins,  &o.,  and  a  very 
few  land-birds. 

The  Falkland  Islands  were  disoovored  by  Davis  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1592.  In  1710  a  French  vessel  fVom  St. 
Malo  touched  at  them,  and  named  them  Isles  Malouines. 
Settlements  were  afterwards  formed  on  them  by  the  French, 
Spaniards,  and  English  alternately,  but  the  latter  ultimately 
retained  possession  of  them.  The  colony  has  a  governor, 
bishop,  and  other  officers,  appointed  by  the  crown.  Capi- 
tal, Stanley.     Pop.  in  1881,  1553;  in  1891,  1789. 

Falk'Iand  Sound,  a  narrow  strait  separating  East 
and  West  Falkland  Islands  from  each  other.  It  extends 
45  miles  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction,  varying  in  breadth  from 
2i  to  18  miles.  The  E.  side  of  the  sound  is  low,  with  gently 
undulating  hills,  seldom  exceeding  150  feet  in  height.  The 
W.  side  is  high  and  bold,  forming  a  singular  ridge,  vary- 
ing from  300  to  500  feet  in  height. 

Falkner,  fawk'n^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippah  oo..  Miss., 
on  the  railroad  between  Kipley  and  Middleton,  Tenn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Falkner's  Island.    See  Faulkner's  Island. 

Falkoping,  or  Falkj^ping,  f&l'cho^ping,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  Isen  of  Skaraborg,  at  a  railway  junction,  38  miles 
S.W.  of  Mariestad,  near  which,  in  1388,  Albert,  King  of 
Sweden,  was  defeated  by  Margaret  of  Denmark.     P.  2213. 

Talk's  (fawks)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

FalkTille,  fawk'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  De- 
satur.     Pop.  100. 

Fal'lassbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  oo.,  Mich.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Lowell. 

Fall  Branch,  a  village  of  Washington  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fall  Brook,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  oo.,  Cal.,  63 
miles  by  rail  N,  by  E.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  415. 

Fall  Brook,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Blossbnrg.  It  has  2  churches,  coal-  and 
iron-ore-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  825. 


Fall  City,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Fall  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  about  U 
miles  S.E.  of  Menomonee. 

Fall  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  drains  parti 
of  Madison  and  Hamilton  cos.,  runs  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  White  River  about  1  mile  above  Indianapolis. 
It  is  nearly  76  miles  long,  and  affords  motive-power  for 
many  mills. 

Fall  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Cayuga  co.,  runs  south- 
ward into  Tompkins  co.,  and  enters  Cayuga  Lake  at  Ithaca. 

Fall  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Fall 
Creek  township,  on  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Hannibal  Branch,  12  miles  S.  of 
Quincy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  990. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Ind.     P.  1530. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2905. 
It  contains  Middletown,  Mechanicsburg,  and  Honey  Creek. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2483.     It  includes  Huntsville  and  Pendleton. 

Fall  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1192. 

Fall  Creek,  a  locality  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Barclay.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad 
connecting  with  the  Pennsylvania  &  New  York  Railroad. 
Here  are  very  productive  mines  of  semi-bituminous  coal- 
Fall  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Stelby  ville.     It  has  a  grist-milL 

Fall  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  in 
Lincoln  township,  2  miles  from  the  Eau  Claire  River,  and 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Fall  Creek  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Dan 
ville. 

Fall'en  Timber,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind. 

Fallersleben,  f8,l'l§r8-li^b§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1557. 

Fall'ing  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Qoldsborough.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Falling  River,  Virginia,  runs  southward  through 
Campbell  oo.,  and  enters  the  Staunton  River. 

Falling  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Duncannon.     It  has  a  ohnrch. 

Falling  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Falling  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  oo.,  Mo. 

Falling  Water,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  Tenn.,  10  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

Falling  Water  Creek,  Tennessee,  intersects  Whit* 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  Caney  Fork  in  De  Kalb  co. 

Falling  Waters,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  near  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  from 
Martinsburg,  and  about  90  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Fall  Leaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Lawrence. 

Fal'lowfield,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River.     It  contains  much  coal. 

Fall  River,  Iowa,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Delaware 
CO.,  and,  flowing  southeastward,  enters  the  Maquoketa  Rive'^ 
in  Jackson  oo. 

Fall  River,  Kansas,  drains  a  large  part  of  Greenwood 
CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Wilson  co.,  and  enters  the 
Verdigris  River  in  Montgomery  co.  Length,  about  100  mile*. 

Fall  River  rises  in  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellow- 
stone, runs  nearly  southwestward  into  Idaho,  and  enters 
Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake  River.  It  forms  a  number  of 
cataracts,  one  of  which  is  called  the  Great  Falls. 

Fall  River,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Illinois  River.     Pop.  523. 

Fall  River,  a  post-village  of  Greenwood  oo.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Severy,  and  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Eureka.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  900. 

Fall  biver,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Bristol  oo., 
Mass.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Taunton 
River,  at  its  mouth,  and  on  Mount  Hope  Bay,  which  is  the 
northeastern  part  of  Narragansett  Bay.  By  railroad  it  is 
49  miles  S.  of  Boston,  19  miles  N.N,E.  of  Newport,  and  18 
miles  S.E,  of  Providence,  R.I.  It  is  connected  with  the?| 
cities  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  and  the  Providence,  War 
ren  A  Fall  River  Railroad,  and  with  New  Bedford  (13  milei 
distant)  by  the  Fall  River  &  New  Bedford  Railrcad,    It  ia 


'^IftLt,  ^ 


FAL 


1159 


FAL 


til  built,  having  many  buildings  constructed  of  fine 
Hiiite  quarried  in  the  vicinity.  It  contains  35  churches, 
j  national  banks,  4  savings-banks,  a  publio  library  of 
p,000  volumes,  a  high  school,  a  convent,  a  handsome 
ptmite  city  hall,  and  a  custom-house.  Three  daily  and  7 
«ekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  steam- 
Ivokets  ply  daily  between  Fall  River  and  New  York.  Its 
fosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  manufactures  of  cotton, 
lils,  maoMoery,  and  other  products;  it  being  specially 
)ted  for  its  cotton-factories,  of  which  there  are  65  mills, 
Sth  2,128,223  spindles.  In  1890  the  incorporated  capital 
'  the  40  companies  owning  these  mills  was  $20,643,000.  The 
ty  has  abundant  hydraulic  power  famished  by  the  out- 
t.  of  Watuppa  Pond,  which  descends  about  130  feet  in  the 
•urse  of  half  a  mile.  The  capital  invested  here  in  manu- 
Ictures  is  nearly  $40,000,000.  The  harbor  of  Fall  River  is 
f-^.  capacious,  and  deep  enough  to  admit  vessels  of  the 
t  class.  The  city  is  supplied  with  good  water  brought 
Watuppa  Pond.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1854. 
,L.^>.  in  1870,  26,766;  in  1880,  48,961;  in  1890,  74,398. 

I  Fall  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
j'iles  N.W.  of  Pulaski.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
jsaw-mill. 

i  Fall  River,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
ruwfish  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
ailroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Portage.     It  has  2  churches 
ad  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  259. 
[Fall  River  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal., 

9  miles  N.E.  of  Redding.  It  haa  a  brewery,  a  saw-mill, 
111  a  flour-mill. 

^i^alls,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
■  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos 
i  /er,  and  also  drained  by  Brushy  and  other  creeks.     The 

II  face  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
>r38ts  of  ash,  cedar,  hickory,  oak,  mezquite,  Ac.  The  soil 
I  very  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
^aple  products.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  &  Texas 

B  itral  Railroad,  and  the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass 
railway,  the  former  passing  through  Marlin,  the  capital. 

10  3.  in  1870,  9851;  in  1880,  16,240;  in  1890,  20,706. 
IPallS,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  833. 

!  i  jontains  Plymouth  and  Rock  Falls. 

]?all8,  a  township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  501,  ex- 
U3ive  of  Cottonwood  Falls. 

l^'alls,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  579. 

J^alls,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  3760,  in- 
uiing  that  of  Logan,  the  county  seat. 

l^alls,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  3361. 
;  .ncludes  West  Zanesville. 

l^'alls,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 

i"er.     Pop.  2298,  including  Fallsington  and  Tullytown, 
il  excluding  the  borough  of  Morrisville. 
I  l^'alls,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Wyoming  co., 
a.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  A 

ew  York  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has 

church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  powder-kegs, 
op.  of  the  township,  1096. 

Falls  Branch,  apost-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
)  miles  N.  W.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
ill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  50. 

Falls'burg,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.T.,  on 
le  Neversink  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Summitville, 
nd  about  5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Monticello.     It  has 

church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Fallsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Falls- 
lUrg  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Newark.  It  has  2 
hurches.  Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 
I  Falls  Church,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 
be  Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Washing- 
bn,  D.C.  It  contains  11  churches,  a  broom-factory,  the 
forbes  Institute,  and  the  Jefferson  Institute.  It  is  one  of 
ne  most  thriving  towns  in  Virginia.  Pop.  792. 
'  Falls  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richardson  co., 

eb.,  near  the  Big  Nemaha  River,  92  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 

incoln,  and  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atchison,  Kansas.     It 

)ntains  a  court-house,  several  hotels,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
ffices,  7  churches,  a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  an  iron- 
pundry,  a  creamery,  and  a  canning-factory.  It  is  lighted 
|y  electricity.     Pop.  in  1890,  2102. 

Falls  City,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  about 
j  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  2  churches,  publio 
phools,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  300. 
j  Falls  City,  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Yough- 
Jjgheny  River,  74  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It 

as  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 
'op.  300.  The  station  is  Ohio  Pyle;  and  here  is  a  cataract 
ailed  Ohio  Pyle  Falls. 


Falls  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, Low  Grade  division,  22  miles  E.  of  Brookville,  Pa. 

Fall'sington,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Falls 
township,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  miles  from 
Penn  Valley  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
publio  library.*    Pop.  211. 

Falls  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  5  milet 
S.E.  of  Callicoon  Depot.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  turned  wood-work. 

Falls  Mill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va. 

Falls  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Hinton,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Falls  of  Rough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky., 
at  the  falls  of  Rough  Creek,  12  miles  N.  of  Caneyville  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Falls  of  Schuylkill,  a  post-village  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A 
Reading  Railroad, — both  the  main  line  (West  Falls  Station) 
and  the  Norristown  Branch  (Falls  Station), — 5  miles  from 
the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia.  Steamboats  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place  in  summer.  It  has  7  churches,  im- 
portant cotton-  and  woollen-manufactures,  chemical  works, 
boiler-works,  2  breweries,  and  a  carpet-factory. 

Falls  Run  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Black  Creek  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  A  Wilkes- 
barre Branch  Railroaid,  26  miles  E.  of  Danville.  Here  is 
a  cascade  300  feet  high.  The  name  of  the  railroad  station 
is  Rock  Glen. 

Falls'ton,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  23  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Oakland 
Seminary,  a  harness-factory,  a  creamery,  Ac. 

Fallston,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  3  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Beaver.  It  has  a  church,  common  schools,  water-power, 
several  mills  for  flour  and  lumber,  a  foundry,  several  ma- 
chine-shops, a  planing-mill,  a  brush-factory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  nails,  wire,  rivets,  and  kegs.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
river  here  and  connects  Fallston  with  New  Brighton.  Pop. 
in  1890,  541. 

Falls'tO'WTi,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  879. 

Falls  Village,  a  post-village  in  Canaan  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Housatonio 
River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  67  miles  N.  of 
Bridgeport,  and  43  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  iron-works. 

Falmouth,  f&l'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Corn- 
wall, on  a  branch  of  the  estuary  of  the  Fal,  14  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lizard  Point,  and  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Truro.  Lat. 
50°  8'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  2'  7"  W.  The  town  consists  mostly 
of  a  long  line  of  streets  extending  along  the  W.  side  of  tha 
harbor,  with  elegant  villas  ranged  on  the  eminence  behind. 
It  is  generally  well  built,  and  has  a  town  hall,  jail,  market- 
house,  custom-house,  large  warehouses,  3  banks,  publio 
rooms,  library,  baths,  a  polytechnic  institution,  a  hospital 
for  disabled  seamen,  and  numerous  schools.  The  harbor  ia 
formed  by  the  estuary  of  the  Fal,  and  is  about  5  miles  in 
length  and  1  mile  in  breadth.  The  entrance  is  defended 
by  Pendennis  and  St.  Mawe's  Castle,  both  built  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.,  and  the  former  containing  large  barracks, 
magazines,  Ac.  Its  position,  at  the  entrance  of  the  English 
Channel,  rendered  Falmouth,  for  many  years,  a  principal 
station  for  the  foreign  mail  service,  and  it  is  still  a  great 
resort  for  shipping.  The  foreign  and  coasting  trade  is  con- 
siderable. Chief  imports,  rum,  sugar,  gold,  and  silver,  from 
the  West  Indies  and  South  America,  wines,  spirits,  fruits, 
timber,  tallow,  hemp,  and  provisions.  Chief  exports,  tin, 
copper,  pilchards,  and  fuel.     Pop.  5294. 

Fal'mouth,  a  town  of  Antigua,  West  Indies,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Antigua,  1  mile  from  English  Harbor.  Its  port  is 
deep  and  spacious,  but  the  town  has  declined  and  is  now 
very  small. 

Falmouth,  a  port  of  entry  of  Jamaica,  on  the  N.  coast, 
lat.  18°  30'  N.,  Ion.  77°  40'  W.,  is  the  second  port  in  the 
island  in  commercial  importance.  Principal  exports,  sugar 
and  rum,  with  some  pimento  and  ginger.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspapers,  and  water-works.     Pop.  3000. 

Fal'mouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co..  III.,  in  Wade 
township,  on  the  Grayville  A  Mattoon  Railroad,  at  Hunt's 
Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Newton. 

Falmouth,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Cambridge  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Falmouth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Licking  River,  at  the  mouth  of  its  South  Fork, 
and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lexington.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  2  banks,  8  churches,  4  newspaper  offices. 


FAL 


1160 


FAN 


I 


a  woollen-mill,  planing-  and  saw-mills,  a  graded  school, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  1146. 

Falmouth)  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  is  on  Casco  Bay,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  4  churches,  dis- 
trict schools,  a  wheel-factory,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Falmouth  township  is  intersected  by  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  on  which  is  Falmouth  Station  (at  West  Fal- 
mouth), 7  miles  from  Portland.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1580. 
Falmouth)  a  post-township  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Vineyard  Sound,  and  on  the  W.  by 
Buzzard's  Bay.  It  contains  villages  named  Falmouth,  East 
Falmouth,  North  Falmouth,  West  Falmouth,  and  Wood's 
Holl,  and  a  summer  resort  called  Falmouth  Heights.  It 
has  9  churches.  The  village  of  Falmouth  is  on  a  branch 
of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  on  the  sea-coast,  about  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  several  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  512  ;  in  1890,  about  600 ;  of  the  township  in  1880, 
2422:  in  1890,  2567. 

Falmouth)  a  post-hamlet  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich.,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Reed  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 
Falmouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  (Harrisburg  to  Columbia),  14  miles  S.E.  of  Har- 
risburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Falmouth)  a  post-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  1  mile  (direct)  N.  of 
Fredericksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  corn-mill,  and  a  pub- 
lic school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Fai'mouth)  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  river  Avon,  5  miles  from  Falmouth  Windsor  Bridge, 
and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Windsor.  It  contains  6  saw-mills  and 
2  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Falmouth  Windsor  Bridge)  a  seaport  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Hants,  on  the  Avon  River,  an  arm  of  Minas 
Basin,  opposite  Newport,  2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Windsor, 
and  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Halifax.  It  is  a  place  of  some 
importance,  in  consequence  of  the  coal,  plaster,  limestone, 
and  other  minerals  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  400. 

False  Bay)  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  in  Cape  Colony, 
its  W.  side  being  formed  by  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.    Length 
and  breadth,  about  22  miles  eacn.     It  is  a  station  of  the 
Cape  naval  squadron. 
False  CapC)  Africa.    See  Cape  False. 
False  Cape)  a  post-office  of  HnmboldJ;  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean. 
False  Cape  Bojador)  Africa.    See  Cape  False. 
False  Cape  Horn.     See  Cape  Horn. 
False  ObV)  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Oby. 
False  Point,  a  port  of  India,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
Cuttack  district.     Lat.  20°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  47'  E.     It  has 
the  best  harbor  between  Calcutta  and  Bombay, — safe,  roomy, 
and   accessible  to  all  ships.     It  communicates  by  canals 
with  the  interior  of  Orissa.   Previous  to  1860  it  was  scarcely 
known;  but  since  that  time  it  has  become  the  seat  of  a 
trade  in  rice  and  oil-seeds. 

False  Presque  IslC)  presk  eel,  a  harbor  in  Presque 
Isle  00.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron. 

Falset,  or  Falcet)  fll-sfit',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tarragona.  It  is  surrounded  by 
the  ruins  of  its  ancient  Roman  walls  and  castle.  Pop.  3421. 
Falster)  fil'st^r  (anc.  Falstriaf),  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  Seeland,  MSen,  and 
Laaland  by  narrow  straits.  Lat.  about  54°  50'  N. ;  Ion. 
12°  E.  Length,  30  miles.  The  surface  is  flat  and  well 
watered ;  and  the  island  is  so  fertile  in  fruit  as  to  be  termed 
the  "  orchard  of  Denmark."  The  principal  town  is  Nykib'- 
ping.     Pop.  27,753. 

FalsterbO)  fil'st^r-boo^  a  seaport  of  Sweden,  near  its 
F.  extremity,  on  the  Baltic,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Malmo. 

Falterona,  Monte,  mon'ti  fil-ti-ro'nS,,  a  peak  of  the 

Apennines,  25  miles  E.N.E,  of  Florence.    Height,  5557  feet. 

Faltsi)  fil'tsee,  written  also  FalczY)  Falshi)  fil'- 

flhee,  and  FalciU)  fil'shee-oo,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on 

the  Pruth,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yassy.     Pop.  2450. 

FaluU)  or  Fahlun,  fl'loon,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital 
of  a  Isen,  on  Lake  Runn,  54  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Gefle. 
It  has  a  school  of  practical  mining,  museums,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  yarn,  Ac.  Here  is  the  famous  copper- 
mine  of  Falun,  an  immense  abyss,  1200  feet  across,  and  as 
many  in  depth.  Silver  and  gold  are  also  obtained  here. 
Lat.  60°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  35'  E.  Pop.  6741. 
Falun,  Fahlun,  f&'loon,  or  Kopparberg,  kop'pan- 
•  biRG\  a  maritime  Isen  of  Sweden,  mostly  between  lat.  59° 
52'  and  62°  16'  N.,  bordering  on  Norway.  Area,  11,421 
square  miles.     Capital,  Falun.     Pop.  in  1890,  197,452. 


FaUnn')  a  post-township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  about 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salina.  It  has  a  church  and  a  brooni. 
factory.     Pop.  268, 

Famagosta)  f&-m&-gos't&,  or  FamagustU)  f&-m&. 
goos'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Cyprus,  on  its  E.  coast,  in  lat.  35' 
7'  40"  N.,  Ion.  35°-59'  E.,  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient 
Arsin'oe.  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are  Greeks.  Under  the 
Venetian  rule  it  was  one  of  the  principal  commercial  citiea 
of  the  Levant.  Five  miles  N.E.  is  Old  Famagosta  (anc. 
Sal' amis  and  Conttan'tia),  a  site  covered  with  ruins. 

FamarS)  firman'  (anc.  Fa'num  Mar'tiaf),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  S.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  850. 

Famatina)  f&-m&-tee'n&,  an  extensive  valley  in  the 
Argentine  Republic,  province  of  La  Rioja,  150  miles  in 
length  and  30  miles  in  breadth,  bounded  E.  and  W.  by  the 
mountain-ranges  of  Velasco  and  Famatina.  It  contains 
the  town  of  Chiliceto,  numerous  villages,  and  silver-mines. 
FamC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  about 
38  miles  W.  of  Humboldt. 

Famenne)  f&^mSnn'  or  fi-min'n^h,  a  small  distnct 
of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  named  from  its  inhabitants, 
called  by  Caesar  Ptemani  or  Phtemani. 

Famieh)  f&^mee'^h,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  •<t2 
miles  N.W.  of  Hamah.  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Apame'a. 

FammamatZ)  fim^mi-m&ts',  a  town  of  Japan,  island 
of  Hondo,  near  the  coast,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Okasaki. 
F&mnnd)  a  lake  of  Norway.     See  F^mcnd. 
Fanagoria)  f&-n&-go're-&,  a  small  Russian  village  and 
fortress,  on  the  Strait  of  Yenikale,  near  Taman.    Pop.  3500. 
Fanano,  f4-ni'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  30  mile* 
S.W.  of  Modena,  near  Monte  Cimone.     Pop.  4416. 

Fanaye,  fi-ni'fh  or  f4-ni'§h,  a  large  village  of  Western 
Africa,  near  the  Senepl,  in  lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  15°  8'  W. 
Its  people  are  industrious,  and  have  a  brisk  trade  in  millet, 
fish,  and  matting.     Its  mier  is  a  maraboot  of  Foota. 

Fan'cher's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn., 
28  miles  from  McMinnville. 

Fancsika,  f4n'chee'k3h\  or  Fancikova,  fln'che- 
ko'voh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Ugocs,  about  40  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  820. 

Fan'cy  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Glynn  oo.,  Ga.,  on  t 
river  or  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  4  miles  from  Brunswick. 

Fancy  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Clay  co.,  and  enten 
the  Big  Blue  River  in  Riley  co. 

Fancy  Creek,  township,  Sangamon  co.,  111.     P.  1195. 
Fancy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Fancy  Creek. 

Fancy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Richland  Centre. 

Fancy  Farm)  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Fancy  Gap)  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Hillsville.     It  has  a  seminary. 
Fancy  Grove)  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 
Fancy  Hill)  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co..  Ark. 
Fancy   Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va, 
about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
Fancy  Prairie)  pra'ree,  post-office,  Menard  co.,  Ill 
Fau'doH)  a   post-village   of  McDonough  co..   111.,  in 
Bethel  and  Chalmers  townships,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Quincy.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fane)  a  river  of  Ireland,  falls  into  Dundalk  Bay,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  about  20  miles. 

Faneuil,  fiin'^l,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.  (in  the  Brighton  ward),  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  the  initial  station  in  Boston. 

Fang-Ki,  fing-ki,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-Tong,  in  lat.  21°  18'  N.,  Ion.  110°  35'  E 
F3.ngde,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  Fm^g(ee. 
Faniroo,  or  Faniru,  fi*nee-roo',  a  village  of  Africa, 
in  Houssa,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Kano. 

Faniso,  fi^nee'so,  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Houssa,  cloM 
to  Kano,  enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Faujeaux,  f6N»*zho'  (anc.  Fa'num  Jo'visf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aude,  on  a  mountain,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castel- 
naudary.     Pop.  1094. 

Fanjoy's,  New  Brunswick.    See  Waterborough. 
Fan  Light,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 
Fan-Ling-Tao,  fin-ling-ti'o,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of 
Japan,  E.  of  Corea.     Lat.  36°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  128°  50'  E. 
Fannan  Isles,  Scotland.    See  Flannen  Isles. 
Fan'net,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2146. 
It  includes  Doylesburg,  Dry  Run,  Spring  Run,  <feo. 

Fan'net  Point,  a  headland  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  o*-  - 
of  Donegal,  with  a  light-house  at  the  W.  side  of  the  en- 
trance of  Lough  Swilly. 


FAN 


1161 


FAR 


Fan'nettsburg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  West  Branch  of  Conococheague  Creek,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Chambersburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  collar- 
factory,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  free  schools.     Pop.  100. 

Fan'nie,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas. 

Fan'nile,  a  hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick <fc  Albany  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of  Brunswick, 

Fau'nin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  409  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Ocoee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and 
«xtensively  covered  with  forests.     Indian  corn,  grass,  and 

Sork  are  the  staples.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Marietta  & 
forth  Georgia  Railroad.     Capital,  Morganton.     Pop.  in 
1870,  5429;  in  1880,  7245;  in  1890,  8724. 

Fannin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  o^  the  N.  by 
Red  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil_  is  very  fertile. 
Here  are  large  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  osage-orange, 
oak,  black  walnut,  &c.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad, 
and  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Bonham.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,207  ;  in  1880,  25,501 ;  in  1890,  38,709. 

Fannin,  a  post-village  of  Rankin  co..  Miss.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Brandon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  school. 

Fan'ning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on 
ihe  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Atchison. 

Fano,  fi'no  (anc.  Fa'num  Fortu'nte),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  Marches,  and  in  the  province  of  Pesaro  and  Urbino,  on 
the  Adriatic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Metauro,  7  miles  by  rail 
6.E.  of  Pesaro.  Pop.  19,734.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls 
with  a  lofty  bastioned  front  towards  the  sea,  and  has  rich 
treasures  of  art.  Fano  has  one  of  the  finest  modern  theatres 
in  Italy,  a  cathedral,  remains  of  a  triumphal  arch  erected 
to  Augustus,  and  several  other  antiquities.  Its  harbor  is 
now  choked  up ;  but  it  has  still  some  trade,  and  manufac- 
tures of  silk.     It  is  a  bishop's  see  and  a  watering-place. 

Fano,  f&'no,  or  Fanuo,  f&n'no,  one  of  the  Ionian 
Islands,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Corfu. 

Fanoe,  fi,'no^§h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Jutland,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Ribe,  8  miles  long  and 
2  miles  broad.     Pop.  2800,  mostly  fishermen. 

Fantee,  orFanti,  fin'tee,  a  negro  race  of  West  Africa, 
the  most  populous  of  the  tribes  of  the  Gold  Coast.  They 
are  now  under  British  sway.  They  are  allied  in  blood  to 
the  Ashantees,  their  hereditary  enemies. 

Fanum  Audomari,  the  Latin  name  of  Saint-Ouer. 

Fanum  Fortunse,  the  ancient  name  of  Fano. 

Fanum  Jovis,  the  ancient  name  of  Fanjeaux. 

Fanum  Martis,  the  ancient  name  of  Corseul. 

Fanum  Martis,  the  ancient  name  of  Fahars. 

Fan'wood,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Union  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  in  Westfield 
township,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Plainfield,  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Jersey  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  mill  for  paper-board, 
and  a  fur-manufactory.     Pop.  about  500, 

Faraj  fi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  S. 
of  Chieti.     Pop.  1795. 

Fara,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Novara.     Pop.  1899. 

Far'abee's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  37 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Faradees,  or  Faradis,  fi^ri'dees',  written  also  Fa- 
rades,  a  town  of  Africa,  dominions  and  38  miles  S.E.  of 
Tunis,  supposed  to  be  on  the  site  of  ancient  Aphrodisium, 

Fara  di  Gera  d'Adda,  Wrh,  dee  j&'ri  d&d'd&,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  3  miles  W.  of  Trevi- 
glio,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  1341. 

Faradis,  a  town  of  North  Africa.    See  Faradees. 

Farafreh,  an  oasis.    See  El  Farafreh. 

Farahabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ferahabad. 

Farajan,  fa-ri-jin',  or  Faraghan,  fi-r4-gin',  a  vil^ 
lage  of  Kafiristan,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh, 
in  lat.  35°  42'  N.,  Ion.  70°  22'  E. 

Farakhabad,  India.    See  Furruckabad. 

Farallones  de  los  Frayles,  f4-ril-yo'nSs  di  loce 
fri'lis,  a  group  of  small  islands  on  the  coast  of  California, 
consisting  of  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Farallon  (fi- 
ril-yon').  The  first-named  is  situated  32  miles  due  W.  of 
the  entrance  to  San  Francisco  Bay.  These  islands  extend 
in  a  direction  very  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast,  their  ex- 
treme points  being  about  12  miles  apart.  They  are  fre- 
quented by  multitudes  of  sea-fowl,  which  breed  here,  and 
aupply  great  quantities  of  eggs  for  the  market  of  San  Fran- 
disco.  The  South  Farallon  has  an  important  light-house. 
74 


Fara  San  Martino,  WrL  ein  man-tee'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Chieti,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  2400. 

Faray,  fk'ik,  an  islet  of  the  Orkneys,  separated  by  i 
narrow  sound  from  Eday.  South  Faray,  one  of  this  group 
is  near  the  island  of  Flota.     Pop.  55, 

Far'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mexico,  and 
108  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Farchoute,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Farshoot. 

F^Lrder,  an  island  of  Norway.    See  F^rdeb. 

Fare'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  at  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Portsmouth  Harbor,  4i  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  Gosport.  It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.  It  has 
a  workhouse,  manufactures  of  ropes  and  earthenware,  and  a 
trade  in  timber,  coal,  and  corn.     Pop.  of  parish,  7023, 

Farescoor,  Farescour,orFare8kar,  f&^rds-koor', 
a  town  of  Egypt,  8  miles  S,W.  of  Damietta,  on  the  Nile. 

Farewell,  Cape.    See  Cape  Farewell. 

Far'go,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of 
Cass  CO.,  N.D.,  on  the  Red  River,  46  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Wahpeton.  It  has  several  churches,  3  newspaper  offices, 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  mowing-  and  reaping-machines, 
and  other  agricultural  implements,  brooms,  &c.  The  State 
Agricultural  College  is  situated  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5664. 

Faribault,  far^e-bS'  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Min- 
nesota, bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Blue  Earth  or  Mankato  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Maple  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level 
or  undulating,  and  diversified  by  several  small  lakes ;  the 
soil  is  very  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter.  The  greater  part  of  this 
county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee <fc  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  & 
Omaha  Railroads.  Capital,  Blue  Earth  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9940;  in  1880,  13,016;  in  1890,  16,718. 

Faribault,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Rice  oo.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Cannon  River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Straight  River,  and 
at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  53  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and 
15  miles  N.  of  Owatonna.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house, 
14  churches,  a  female  seminary,  a  Catholic  academy,  the 
Shattuck  School,  a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  insti- 
tutions for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  founded  by  the  state, 
the  Seabury  Divinity  School,  5  flouring-mills,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  rattan-works,  and  manufactures  of  woollens,  car- 
riages, furniture,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  6520. 

Faridabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Fureedabad. 

Faridkot,  a  state  of  India.    See  Furreedkote. 

Faridpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Fureedpoor. 

Farigliano,  fi-reel-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  2413. 

FarilhSlo,  fi-reel-ySwuo',  a  group  of  islets  off  the  coast 
of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Peniche. 

Farim,  fi-reeN»'  or  fi-reem',  a  town  of  Senegambia, 
Western  Africa,  on  the  Cacheo  River,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Jeba. 

Fari'na,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fruit-boxes.     Pop.  618. 

Farindola,  f&-rin'do-l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3366. 

Faringdon,  a  town  of  England.     See  Farrinodon. 

Fa'risvilie,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Farkasd,  faR^koshd',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  19 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  3300. 

Far'ley,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  in  Dodge 
township,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Dubuque  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  23 
miles  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  several  creameries,  stone-quar- 
ries, Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Farley,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  about  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Missouri 
River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Far'lin,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  manufactures  of  lum 
her  and  grain,  and  general  stores. 

Farlin,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  railroads,  about  9  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  cider-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Far'lington,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Qirard.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, planing-mills,  a  grain-elevator,  and  manufactures  of 
bay-presses.  Coal  and  zinc  ore  are  found  in  this  vicinity. 
Pop.  300. 

Far'lin  ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  7  milea 
N.W.  of  Mound  City.     It  has  flour-  and  lumber-mills. 


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Far'low,  a  post-village  in  East  Nelson  township,  Moul- 
trie CO.,  111.,  on  the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the'  Chicago 
&  Illinois  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Mattoon. 

Farm'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Ill,,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Peoria. 

Farmdale^  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Frankfort.  Here  is  the  Kentucky  Military  In- 
stitute. 

Farmdale,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Andover,  and  17  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  War- 
ren. It  has  a  common  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill, 
Ac,     Pop.  200. 

Farm'er,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N,Y,,  10  miles 
by  rail  S,E,  of  Ovid,  and  21  miles  (direct)  S,  of  Waterloo. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  basket- 
factories,  and  a  neck-yoke  factory.     Pop.  660, 

Farmer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0,,  in  Farmer 
township,  about  35  miles  N.E,  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  has 
a  church,  a  high  school,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
handles,  cider,  and  lumber.     P^.  150. 

Farmer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Young  co,,  Tex. 

Farmer  City,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co..  111.,  in 
Santa  Anna  township,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  62 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  25  miles  S.E,  of  Bloom- 
ington.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  3  news- 
paper offices,  lumber-  and  planing-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  1367. 

Farmer  City,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co,,  Iowa,  in 
Monroe  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Farragut  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  stores. 

Farmers,  or  Lick'ing  City,  a  post-village  of  Rowan 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Licking  River,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount 
Sterling.    It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  hall,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Farmer's,  Sanilac  co.,  Mich,    See  Carsonville, 

Farmer's,  a  station  in  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W,  of  Ann  Arbor. 

Farmers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  20  miles 
S,S.E.  of  Thomasville.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

Farmer's,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S,  of  Qreencastle, 

Farmers,  a  post-village  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  10  mileg 
(direct)  S,W,  of  York,     It  has  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

Farmers  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  oo.,  Tex., 
12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dallas,  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton 
gin,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop, 
about  150. 

Farm'ersburg,  a  village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  coal-mine.     Here  is  Ascension  Post-Office, 

Farmersbnrg,  a  post-village  in  Farmersburg  town- 
ship, Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Eastern  Iowa  Railroad,  11 
miles  from  El  Kader,  and  about  50  miles  N.W,  of  Dubuque. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  977. 

Farmersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 25  miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Farm'ers'  Creek,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1232.     It  includes  Fulton. 

Farmers'  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich., 
6  miles  S.  of  Lapeer, 

Farmers'  Fxchange,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co,, 
Tenn.,  13  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Centreville. 

Farmer's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Ya., 
4  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Warsaw. 

Farmer's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Farmer's  Grove,  a  post-village  in  York  township. 
Green  co..  Wis.,  16  miles  N.  of  Monroe,  and  about  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Madison. 

Farmers'  Institute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.,  8  or  9  miles  S.W,  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  school  called  Farmers'  Institute. 

Farmer's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Kent  township,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Patterson.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Farmer's  Retreat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dearborn  co., 
Ind.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dillsborough,  It  has  several 
churches. 

Farmers'  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co,,  Ind., 
on  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vincennes 
Railroad,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  2  stores  and 
15  houses. 

Farmers'  Station,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0., 
in  Clark  township,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
53  miles  E.N.E,  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
grist-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Farm'erstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  C,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Millersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 


Farmers'  Turn'out,  a  hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C, 
and  a  station  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta 
Railroad,  13  miles  W,  of  Wilmington, 

Farmers'  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb, 

Farmers'  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa , 
on  the  McKean  <fc  Buffalo  Railroad,  and  on  Potato  Creek,  4 
miles  N.  of  Smethport.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Farmers'  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn. 

Farm'ersville,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Visalia.     It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  store. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  III., 
26  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Springfield,  and  22  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  general 
stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  225. 

Farmersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  (direct)  .N.  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  18  miles  W,  of 
Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Farmersville,  a  hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Skunk  River,  about  10  miles  N.N.W,  of  Oskaloosa, 

Farmersville,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas. 

Farmersville,  a  station  in  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  W,  of  Topeka. 

Farmersville,  a  village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Princeton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
flannel,  blankets,  flour,  and  tobacco. 

Farmersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  Mo., 
11  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Farmersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrick  co..  Neb.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Chapman  Railroad  Station. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  23  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Little  Valley,  and  4  miles 
S.  of  Farmersville  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Farmersville,  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.    See  Farmer. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  5 
churches,  carriage-shops,  and  cigar- factories.     Pop.  472. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
West  Earl  township,  3  miles  from  Akron  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Farmersville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.    See  Cowan. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  38 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dallas,  and  17  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
McKinney.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
Ac.     Pop.  1093. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  W.  of  Brockville.  It  has  several  stores  and  hotels, 
grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  3  cheese-factories.  P.  500, 

Farmersville,  Oxford  co.,  Ontario.  See  Cornellville. 

Farmersville  Station,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.Y.,  76  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  33  mile* 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Salamanca.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  cheese-box  factory.     Pop.  150. 

Farmer  Village,  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.    See  Farmer. 

Farm'erville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  parish, 
La.,  1  mile  N.  of  the  navigable  Bayou  d'Arbonne,  and  77 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  472. 

Farm  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles 
N>  by  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches  and  12  houses. 
Pop.  70. 

Farm'ing,  a  township  of  Stearne  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  623. 

Farm'ingdale,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Farmingdale,  a  township  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  5  miles  below  Au- 
gusta.    Pop.  821. 

Farmingdale,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J 
on  the  Freehold  A  Jamesburg  Railroad  and  the  New  Jersc 
Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Freehold,  and  15  mili 
S.W.  of  Long  Branch.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron- 
foundry. 

Farmingdale,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  20 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Jamaica.  It  has  4  churches,  a  distrii  • 
school,  and  manufactures  of  picture-frames  and  pickle;: 
Pop.  about  900. 

Farmingdale,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

F,arm'ington,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Ark., 
5  miles  W.  of.Fayetteville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  distillery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Stockton  A  Visalia  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Stock' 
ton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about 
250. 


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I  Farmington,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Hartford  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  and  in  a  township  of  the 
tame  name,  9  or  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  is  1 
mile  E.  of  the  Farmington  Station  of  the  New  Haven  A 
Northampton  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  CoUinsville 
Branch,  31  miles  N,  of  New  Haven.  It  has  a  savings- 
bank,  several  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-oflSce.  The 
township  contains  Unionville,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  3179. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Delaware  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2 
ihurches,  the  Farmington  Institute,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  Ga.,  14 
tiiiles  S.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches. 

Farmington,  a  hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  in  Pleasant 
3  rove  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches 
ml  a  drug-store.     Here  is  Campbell  Post-OfiBce. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  in 
Farmington  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  12 
iiiles  by  rail  N.  of  Canton,  and  22  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
Peoria.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flouT- 
ng-mills,  a  foundry,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  coal- 
nines,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  tiles,  cigars,  Ac.  Pop. 
n  1890,  1376;  of  the  township,  2654. 

Farmington,  a  station  in  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 

nnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of 
.ushville. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
398,  exclusive  of  Durant. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa, 

II  Farmington  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  the 
j  auction   of  two   railroads,  40   miles   by  rail   E.  by  S.  of 

loomfield,  and  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Keosauqua.  It 
IS  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
id  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  cheese,  butter,  and 
umber.  Pop.  in  1890,  1002. 
Farmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas, 
i  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
iles  "W.S.W.  of  Atchison. 

Farmington,  township,  Republic  co.,  Kan.     Pop.  843. 
Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  about 
)  miles  S.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  store  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Farmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
'.e.,  in  Farmington  township,  on  the  Sandy  River,  43  miles 
r  rail  N.  of  Lewiston,  and  29  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Au- 
ista.     It  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Androscoggin 
vision  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  83  miles  N.  of  Port- 
land.    It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  national 
ink,  a  savings-bank,  a  trust  company,  the  Western  Maine 
ormal   School,  a   newspaper  office,  the   Abbott   Family 
ihool,  several  wood-turning  factories,  and  manufactures 
1'  carriages.     Quarries  of  slate  have  been  opened  in  this 
cwnship.     Pop.  in  1890,  1243;  of  the  township,  3207. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  several  churches  near  it. 
Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Farmington  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pontiao, 
ajid  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  town  hall,  a 
nigh  school,  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  2  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  in  1890,  320 ;  of  the  township,  1639. 
Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
mpire  township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  at  the  crossing 
f  two  railroads,  18  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Hastings,  and 
6  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  high 
lohool,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  feed-mill,  a  sled-factory,  3 
lotels,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage- factory,  a  foundry  and 
piachine-shop,  a  creamery,  2  grain-elevators,  a  hay-press, 
(fes.     A  large  quantity  of  wheat  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  in 
i890,  657. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn. 
'  Farmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Franfois 
|oo.,  Mo.,  2i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  De  Lassus,  and  85  miles  S. 
lOf  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  bank,  3 
jnowspaper  offices,  the  Carleton  College,  a  seminary,  a  Bap- 
jtist  college,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors,  wagons, 
(ploughs,  soda-water,  flour,  &c.  Pop.  in  1890,  1394. 
1  Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  in 
iFarmington  township,  on  the  Cocheco  River,  18  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  churches, 
la  savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
Imanufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  boxes,  and  lumber.  Pop. 
jOf  the  township  in  1890,  3064. 

I  Farmington,  or  New  Salem,  a  post-village  of  On- 
|tario  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Farmington  township,  about  20  miles 
JS.B.  of  Rochester.  The  township  contains  Farmington 
^Station,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W. 
jof  Canandaigua;  also  3  Friends'  meetings.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1703. 


Farmington,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Davie 
CO.,  N.C.,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  wagons. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2546. 

Farmington,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Colerain 
township,  5i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  a  church 
and  15  houses.     Here  is  Cope  Post-Office. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Farmington  township,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Paines- 
ville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Youngs- 
town,  and  about  44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has 
several  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1056. 

Farmington,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Venango 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  store.     Here  is  Eau  Claire  Post-Office.     Pop.  100. 

Farmington,  township.  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1642. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  about 
54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Farmington,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Breinigsville  Branch  of  the  Catasauqua  &  Fogelsville  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  W.  of  Breinigsville. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  con 
tains  Farmington  Centre.     Pop.  997. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  joins  New 
York.    P.  1101.   It  contains  Lander  and  Farmington  Centre. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
about  44  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  an  academy  and  2 
churches. 

Farmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Sherman. 

Farmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davis  co., 
Utah,  on  the  Utah  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  and  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Great  Salt  Lake.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  other 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1036. 

Farmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 
67  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches, 
planing-  and  flour-mills,  and  a  graded  school. 

Farmington,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  oo..  Wis. 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  Pop.  2415.  It  containi 
a  village  named  Johnson's  Creek. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
1862.     It  contains  Burr  Oak  and  Mindoro. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
river  St.  Croix.  Pop.  777.  It  contains  East  and  Wert 
Farmington,  and  Farmington  Centre. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Wis. 
Pop.  1717.    It  contains  Boltonville  and  Fillmore. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
774.     It  contains  Sheridan. 

Farmington,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Wilhot. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  14  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Farmington  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Farmington 
township,  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Wellsborough. 

Farmington  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

Farmington  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Farmington 
township,  Franklin  co..  Me.,  on  the  Sandy  River,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Farmington  village,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  a  church,  several  lumber-mills,  and  about 
60  dwellings.    Pop.  about  350. 

Farmington  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Tioga.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Farmington  River  rises  in  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
and  runs  nearly  southward  into  Litchfield  oo.,  Conn.  It 
flows  southeastward  to  Farmington,  in  Hartford  co.,  and 
then  abruptly  changes  its  course  towards  the  N.  After  a 
very  tortuous  course  of  about  100  miles,  it  enters  the  Con- 
necticut River  at  Windsor,  7  miles  above  Hartford. 

Farm  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  river  St.  Clair, 
about  18  miles  below  Samia,  Ontario. 

Farm'land,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Monroe  township,  near  White  River,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Winchester,  and  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Muncie.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2 
saw-mills,  a  handle-factory,  a  tile-factory,  and  a  roller- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  770. 

Farm  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  9  or 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ottawa. 

Farms,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  N.  of  Halstead  Railroad  Station. 

Farmsum,  faRm'svim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Groningen,  3  miles  E.  of  Appingedam. 

Farm's  Village,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
in  Simsbury  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 


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Farm'Tille,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.,  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Wilson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Farmville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Prince  Edward 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Appomattox  River,  26  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Nottoway  Court-House,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W. 
of  Cumberland  Court-House.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
a  female  state  normal  school,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  man- 
ufactures of  plough-handles  and  tobacco.     Pop.  2404. 

Farm'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Leesburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  general  stores. 

Far'nam's T*eak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  South 
Park,  lat.  39°  10'  N.,  Ion.  105°  33'  15"  W.  Its  altitude  is 
11,400  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Farn'don,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  West  Farnham.     Pop.  100. 

Fame  (farn)  or  Fern  Islands,  a  group  of  17  islets 
and  rocks  off  the  E.  coast  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  lying 
between  2  and  5  miles  from  the  mainland,  opposite  Barn- 
borough.  Innumerable  sea-birds  build  on  these  islands,  on 
which  there  are  light-houses.  On  one  of  these  islets,  where 
St.  Cuthbert  died,  are  a  square  tower,  a  rained  oharch,  and 
the  stone  cof&n  of  the  saint.  * 

Farn 'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  a 
railway,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guildford.  The  town  has  an 
ancient  church,  an  endowed  grammar-school,  and  a  castle, 
the  palace  of  the  Bishop  of  Winchester,  with  a  valuable 
library  and  collection  of  paintings.  Two  miles  S.  are  the 
ruins  of  Waverley  Abbey.     Pop.  4461. 

Farn'ham,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Buffalo,  and  about  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  factory  for  canned  goods.     Pop.  about  200. 

Farnham,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Farnham,  a  post- village  of  Richmond  oo.,  Va.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  several  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Farnham,  Quebec.    See  East  and  West  Farnhau. 

Farn'ham  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Brome  oo.,  Que- 
bec, 2  miles  S.  of  Brigham.     Pop.  300. 

Far'numsville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Grafton,  on  the  Providence  <fc  Worcester  Railroad,  llj 
miles  S.E.  of  Worcester.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Faro,  f&'ro,  a  seaport  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  on  the 
Valfermosa,  near  the  S.  coast,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Tavira. 
Pop.  8097.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  several 
convents  and  charitable  establishments,  a  military  hospital, 
custom-house,  arsenal,  and  superior  schools.  The  exports 
are  fruits,  wine,  cork,  sumach,  baskets,  and  anchovies. 

Faro,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  325. 

Faro,  fi'ro,  two  villages  of  Sicily,  near  Cape  Faro. 

Faro,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Farce. 

Faro,  fi'ro,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pari,  on  a  con- 
siderable lake,  40  miles  W.  of  Obidos. 

Faro  (fi'ro)  Chan'nel,  a  name  sometimes  given  to 
the  Strait  of  Messina ;  and  the  two  great  divisions  of  the 
Neapolitan  dominions  were  accordingly  called  the  Dominij- 
al-di-ld  and  al-di-qud  di  Faro  ("  dominions  on  this  side" 
and  those  "beyond  the  Faro"). 

Faroe,  fi'ro  or  fi'ro\  or  Faerd,  fi'rb  (Dan.  Fdr'd- 
eme,  fi'ro^fir-neh ;  Qer.  Fdr'der,  fi'ro-^r;  Fr.  F«r«,  fi^ri' ; 
Sp.  Ferro,  ffiR'Ro),  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  At- 
lantic, belonging  to  Denmark,  about  170  miles  N.W.  of 
the  Shetland  Isles,  between  lat.  61°  20'  and  62°  20'  N., 
and  intersected  centrally  by  Ion.  7°  W.  They  are  22  in 
number,  but  of  these  17  only  are  inhabited.  The  whole 
group  stretches  about  65  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  44  miles 
from  E.  to  W.  The  largest  isle  is  Strombe;  the  other 
larger  ones  are  Osteroe,  Suderbe,  Sandoe,  Vaagbe,  and  Bor- 
dbe ;  aggregate  area,  514  square  miles.  The  islands  gen- 
erally present  steep  and  lofty  precipices  to  the  sea,  the  sur- 
face rising  towards  the  interior  and  terminating  in  peaks. 
The  culminating  point,  Slattaretind,  in  the  island  of  Os- 
teroe, has  a  height  of  2800  feet.  The  soil  for  the  most  part 
is  thin.  Barley  is  the  only  cereal  that  comes  to  maturity. 
Turnips  and  potatoes  thrive  well.  There  is  no  wood,  but 
the  want  of  it  is  compensated  by  abundance  of  excellent 
turf  and  by  good  lignite.  The  minerals  include  fine  opal. 
The  feathers  of  wild  fowl  form  an  important  article  of 
trade ;  but  the  wealth  of  the  inhabitants  is  derived  chiefly 
from  fishing  and  the  rearing  of  sheep.  The  islands  were 
originally  peopled  by  Norwegians.  In  the  legislature  of 
Denmark  they  are  represented  by  a  deputy,  named  by  the 
king.  They  have  also  a  legislature,  or  lagthing,  of  their 
own.    Their  chief  magistrates  are  an  amtman,  who  is  also 


commandant,  and  a  landvogt,  who  is  also  head  of  police. 
The  capital  is  Thorshavn,  in  Strombe.     Pop.  (1890)  12  954* 

Faroe,  fi'rb,  or  Faro,  fi'rb,  an  island  in  the  Baltic 
belonging  to  Sweden,  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Gothland,  of 
which  it  is  a  dependency,  and  separated  from  it  by  Farce 
Sound,  2  miles  across.  Lat.  58°  N. ;  Ion.  19°  16'  E.  Length 
from  N.  to  S.,  10  miles  ,•  breadth,  6  miles.  On  its  E.  side 
is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Farquhar,  far'kar,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  On- 
tario, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Mitchell.     Pop.  150. 

Far'ragut,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Fisher  township,  near  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  30 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  406. 

Farrakabad,  India.    See  Furbuckabad. 

Far'rall,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Far'randsTiIle,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  West  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  5  miles  above  Lock  Haven.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  church. 
Iron  and  semi-bituminous  coal  were  formerly  mined  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Far'ran's  Point,  a  post- village  in  Stormont  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  81  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Montreal.  It  contains  several  stores,  hotels,  and  mills. 
Here  is  a  canal  around  Farran's  Point  Rapids.     Pop.  300. 

Farrar,  far^rar',  several  islands  in  the  Red  Sea,  near 
the  coast  of  Arabia.    Lat.  19°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  40'  E. 

Far'rel ,  a  post-office  of  Albany  oo.,  Wyoming. 

Far'ribaville,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  oo.,  Ark. 

Farrierville,  far're-§r-vil,  a  village  of  Bullock  co., 
Ala.,  5  miles  from  Linwood  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Far'ringdon,  Far'ingdon,  or  Great  Far'ing' 
don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  at  the  foot  of  Far- 
ringdon  Hill,  in  the  Vale  of  the  White  Horse,  32  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Reading.  It  is  an  ancient  and  very  neat  town, 
with  an  interesting  old  church,  a  town  hall,  a  large  na- 
tional school,  a  branch  bank,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
com  and  bacon.     Pop.  of  parish,  3525. 

Far'rington,  a  station  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Far  Rock'away,  a  post-village  and  bathing-plaoe  in 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Jamaica,  and  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ice  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  2288. 

Farr's  (farz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo., 
Wis.,  6  miles  W.  of  Lodi  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Farrsville,  farz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Tex., 
60  miles  N.  of  Orange.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Fars,  or  Farsistan,  far'sis-tSn'  (anc.  Per'sis),  a  prov- 
ince of  Persia,  mostly  between  lat.  28°  and  32°  N.  and  Ion. 
50°  and  55°  E.,  having  S.W.  the  Persian  Gulf,  and  on  other 
sides  enclosed  by  the  provinces  of  Khoozistan,  Irak-Ajemee, 
Yezd,  Eerman,  and  Laristan.  The  surface  is  very  various ; 
on  the  coast  it  is  level,  and  the  climate  hot ;  in  the  interior 
are  mountain-ranges  rising  to  2500  or  3000  feet  in  height 
and  interspersed  with  many  long  and  narrow  fertile  plains. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Bundemeer,  Tab,  and  Nabon. 
Salt  lakes  are  numerous.  The  products  comprise  corn,  rice, 
dates^  raisins,  and  other  fruits^  fine  tobacco,  opium,  saffron, 
hemp,  cotton,  attar  of  roses,  silk,  and  wine.  Many  cattle 
and  sheep  are  reared;  and  the  horses,  camels,  and  asses 
are  of  superior  breeds.  The  principal  minerals  are  lead, 
iron,  marble,  borax,  naphtha,  and  salt.  The  inhabitantg 
are  among  the  most  civilized  and  industrious  in  the  king- 
dom, and  manufacture  fine  woollen,  silk,  and  cotton  stuffs. 
Capital,  Sheeraz.  Pop.  1,700,000.  Fars  contains  the  ruins 
of  Persepolis,  Pasargada,  and  Shapoor.  It  was  the  patri- 
mony of  Cyrus,  and,  with  the  substitute  of  P  for  its  initial 
letter,  it  gave  name,  in  European  languages,  to  the  whole 
enipire  of  his  successors.    See  Persia. 

Farsan  (far^sin')  Islands,  in  the  Red  Sea,  E.  side, 
about  lat.  16°  30'  N.,  Ion.  42°  45'  E.  They  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  are  the  largest  of  all  along  this  coast,  but  may  be 
considered  as  forming  one  island  only,  being  connected  by 
a  sandy  spit  of  shoal  water,  across  which  camels  frequently 
pass.  The  westernmost,  Farsan  Kebeer,  is  31  miles  long, 
and  the  other,  Farsan  Seggeer,  about  18  miles. 

Farshoot,  or  Farchonte,  far^shoot',  written  also 
Farshiout,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  near  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Girgeh.  It  has  a  Coptic  churct, 
a  government  school,  and  a  cotton-yarn  factory. 

Farsistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Fars. 

Farsund,  faR'soond,  a  village  of  Norway,  stift  of  Chris 


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tiania,  50  miles  W.  of  Christiansand,  on  the  North  Sea.  The 
chief  exports  are  dried  fish.     Pop.  1230. 

Fartasht  farHish',  or  Fartak,  far'tik',  called  also 
Saeef  (Saif ),  si'eef,  or  Kersah,  kir'si,  a  seaport  of 
Arabia,  on  its  W.  side. 

Fartash,  or  Fartak,  Cape.    See  Cape  Fartash. 

Farther  India.    See  India  and  Indo-China. 

Farther  Point,  Quebec.    See  Father  Point. 

Far'well,  a  post-village  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  in  Surrey 
township,  on  the  Tobacco  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <Ss  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  55  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Saginaw. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  ofSce,  a 
foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  several  saw-mills  and  shingle-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  pail-,  tub-,  and  peavy-handles.  Pop. 
in  1890,  584. 

Fas,  a  city  of  Morocco.     See  Fez. 

Fasa,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Fesa. 

Fasana,  fi-si'ni,  a  seaport  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
[stria,  52  miles  S.  of  Triest,  opposite  the  Brioni  Islands. 

Fasano,  fi-si'no,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Monopoli.  Pop.  14,809.  It  contains  several 
cborohes  and  a  convent. 

Fasher,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  El  Fasher. 

Fashoda,  Faschoda,  or  Fachoda,  f&-sho'd&,  a 
I  densely-peopled  and  very  fertile  district  of  Africa,  on  the 
iV/hite  Nile,  in  the  Shillook  country.  Capital,  Fashoda. 
I  Pop.  about  300,000. 

'    Fashoda,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  W.  bank 
'of  the  White  Nile,  about  lat.  10°  N.     Pop.  3000. 
I    Fasogl,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Fazogl. 

Fas'sett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
J  orthern  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Fast'net,  a  rocky  islet,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Clear, 
I  'eland.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Fataghar,  a  town  of  India.    See  FuTTEHsmm. 
,    Fatahgaiij ,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futtehgtjngb. 
!    Fata'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  14  miles 
IV.  of  Pine  Apple  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 
i    Fatarella,  fi-tk-riVyi,  or  Fatorrella,  fi-toR-R8l'- 
'j\,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tar- 
(rsgona.     Pop.  2002. 

Fatatenda,  fi-ti-tfin'di,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  on 
jtle  Gambia.   Lat.  13°  22'  N.;  Ion.  14°  10'  W. 
I    Fatchio,  f&tch'e-o\  an  island  of  the  Japanese  domin- 
ie qs,  in  the  Strait  of  Corea.    Lat.  34°  20'  N.;  Ion.  129°  30' 
jE     It  is  a  place  of  banishment  for  state  criminals. 
,    Fateereh,  fi-tee'r§h,  a  village  and  ruined  town  in  the 
lEiistern  desert  of  Upper  Egjrpt,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Keneh, 
}wi  th  Roman  antiquities  and  granite-quarries. 
j    Fatehpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futtehpoor. 
!    Fatezh,  Fatesch,  or  Fatej,  flHSzh',  a  town  of  Rus- 
feiiv,  government  and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Koorsk,  near  the 
Irijjht  bank  of  the  Oosoja.     Pop.  5528. 
i   Fath'er  Point,  or  Far'tner  Point, a  post-village  in 
Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Rimouski  River,  196  miles  below 
(Quebec  by  land,  132  by  water.     Here  are  a  light-house  and 
a  telegraph  station.     Outward-bound  vessels  leave  their 
ji'ots  at  this  place.     Pop.  100. 

Fathipnr,  India.    See  Futtypoor  and  Futtehpoor. 

Fatorrella,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Fatarella. 

Fatsa,  or  Fatsah,  fit'si  (anc.  Phadisana),  a  town 
)f  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Samsoon. 
ITwo  miles  E.  are  the  ruins  of  Polemonium. 

Fat-Shan,  or  Fuh-Shan,  a  city  of  China,  in  Quang- 
Tong,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  large  iron-works, 
ind  has  been  called  "  the  Birmingham  of  China." 

Fatsizio,  Fatzizio,  fJt-see'ze-o^  or  Fatzizion, 
■4t-zee'ze-oo\  called  also  Hachijo,  hi-chee'jo\  an  island 
pf  Japan.  Lat.  33°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  140°  E.  It  is  21  miles  long 
by  7i  miles  broad,  and  contains  a  town  of  the  same  name, 
ptate  criminals  are  banished  to  this  island. 
I  Fatteconda,  or  Faticonda,  fitHe-kon'di,  a  town 
|>f  Senegambia,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  Falem6  River,  lat.  14° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  11°  30'  W.,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bakel. 

Fatwa,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futwa. 

Fau'cetts,  township,  Alamance  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1327. 
I  Faucigny,  f  o'seen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
pavoie,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bonneville. 
i  Faucilles,  f5*seel',  a  mountain-range  of  France,  de- 
bai-tments  of  Marne  and  "Vosges,  connected  E.  with  the 
^osges  Mountains,  and  S.W.  separating  the  basins  of  the 
Jleuse  and  Moselle  from  that  of  the  Sa6ne.     Les  Fourohes, 

he  summit,  is  1611  feet  in  elevation. 

'  Faucogney,  f  5^kon>i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
p»6ne,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges  Mountains,  11  miles  N.N.E. 
t>f  Lure.     Pop.  1140. 


Fauglia,  fSwl'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  11 
miles  E.  of  Leghorn.     Pop.  of  commune,  6938. 

Fanlhorn,  fSwl'born,  a  mountain  of  the  Alps,  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  32  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  between  Qrindelwald 
Valley  and  the  Brienzer-See.     Elevation,  8802  feet. 

Faulk,  fawk,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South 
Dakota.  It  has  an  area  of  1010  square  miles.  Capital, 
Faulkton.     Pop.  in  1880,  4j  in  1890,  4062. 

Faulkland,  fawk'l^nd,  a  post-village  of  New  Castla 
CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Wilmington  A  Western  Railroad,  7  miles 
from  Wilmington.     Here  is  Brandywine  mineral  spring. 

Fanlkner,  fawk'n^r,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Arkansas.  Area,  623  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Rock  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Conway.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  its  staples.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,342. 

Faulkner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  21  miles  N.  of  Eldora. 

Faulkner's  Island,  a  small  islet  in  Long  Island 
Sound,  off  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Guilford,  Conn.  It 
is  quite  elevated,  and  has  a  flashing  light  with  a  fog-bell. 
Lat.  41°  12'  41"  N.;  Ion.  72°  38'  54"  W. 

Faulk'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Faulk  co.,  S.D., 
58  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Eureka,  and  about  41  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
academies,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  462. 

Faunsdale,  fawnz'dal,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co., 
Ala.,  35  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Selma,  and  17  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E  of  Linden.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
grist-mills,  and  cotton-gins.     Pop.  211. 

Fauquemont,  the  French  name  of  Valkenburg. 

Fauquier,  faw'keer,  a  northern  county  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  •}'.. 
the  S.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Gold  is  said  to  be  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Virginia  Midland  &  Great  Southern  Railroad  and  by 
the  Manassas  Branch  of  that  railroad.  Capital,  Warrenton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  19,690;  in  1880,  22,993;  in  1890,  22,590. 

Fauquier  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Warrenton.     Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Faux,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Few. 

Favaios,fi-vi'oce  (anc.  Flaviaaf),  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Tras-os-Montes,  61  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Braga.    Pop.  2006. 

Favale,  ffl.-vi'li  (anc.  Faga'le  Lig'urum  t),  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  in  the  valley  of  Fontanabuona, 
almost  surrounded  by  lofty  precipices.     Pop.  1762. 

Favara,  f4-vi'ri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Girgenti.     Pop.  15,233.     It  has  rich  mines  of  sulphur. 

Faventia,  the  ancient  name  of  Faenza. 

Faverges,  fiVaiRzh'  (L.  Fabricte  f),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  near  the  Lake  of  Annecy,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Cham- 
b§ry.   Pop.  1372.    It  has  manufactures  of  paper  and  cotton. 

Favemey,  fiVfiR^nJ,',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Saflne,  10  miles  N.  of  Vesoul,  on  the  Lauterne.     Pop.  1303. 

Faversham,  fav'^rsh-am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  at  a  railway  junction,  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  on 
a  navigable  branch  of  the  Swale.  It  consists  principally 
of  four  streets,  spacious,  well  paved,  and  well  lighted.  In 
the  centre  are  the  town  hall  and  market-place.  Faversham 
has  a  handsome  church,  chapels,  a  free  grammar-school,  a 
national  and  3  other  schools.  Vessels  of  150  tons  come  up 
the  Swale  to  the  town  at  common  tides,  and  it  is  the  seat 
of  a  considerable  foreign  and  coasting  trade,  and  of  a  sea- 
fishery.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  hops,  fruit,  wooL 
and  other  produce;  imports,  timber,  iron,  coal,  tar,  &o 
Faversham  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  manufacture 
of  gunpowder  and  Roman  cement;  but  the  oyster-fishery 
has  become  the  principal  trade.  King  Stephen  was  buried 
in  the  abbey  which  he  founded  here  in  1147.  The  town 
gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the  Duncombes.    Pop.  10,478. 

Favignana,  fi-veen-y4'ni  (anc.  jEgu'ta  or  ^thu'sa), 
an  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  oflf  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Trapani.  Length,  6  miles.  In  the  centre, 
on  its  highest  point,  is  St.  Catharine's  Castle.  On  its  E.  side 
is  its  principal  town,  San  Leonardo,  and  on  its  N.  coast  a 
good  harbor,  defended  by  Fort  San  Giacomo.     Pop,  5418. 

Fa'vor,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 

Favorita,  ft-vo-ree'ti,  a  village  and  beautiful  country, 
seat  of  Italy,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mantua,  memorable  as  the 
scene  of  several  severe  contests  between  the  French  and  the 
Austrians,  in  which  the  former  were  victorious. 

Favria,  f4v're-A,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin. 
Pop.  2651. 


FAW 


1166 


PAT 


Faw'cett's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  Winchester,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  and  6  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Kernstown  Station. 

Fawey,  a  river  of  England.     See  Fowey. 

Fawn,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  618. 
Fawn  Post-OflSce  is  at  Millerstown. 

Fawn,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.,  joins  Maryland. 
Pop.  1647.     It  contains  Fawn  Grove  and  Gatchellville, 

Fawn  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co., 
Kansas,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Independence.     Pop.  1422. 

Fawn  Grove,  a  post- village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Fawn 
township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  York.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  public  school,  and  general  stores  and  business 
houses.     Pop.  199. 

Fawn  River  rises  in  the  N.B.  part  of  Indiana,  runs 
nearly  westward,  crosses  three  times  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  state,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  at  Constantine, 
in  Michigan. 

Fawn  River,  a  post-township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
about  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  Pop.  602.  It  contains 
Fawn  River  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lake  Shore  <k  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad.    Here  are  2  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 

Fawnsdale,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.    See  Faunsdale. 

Faxardo,  a  town  of  Porto  Rico.    See  Fajardo. 

Faxoe,  fax'o^§h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  island  of  See- 
land,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Copenhagen,  about  2  miles  from  the 
sea.  It  has  noted  quarries  of  building-limestone  of  a  pale- 
yellow  color  and  composed  mainly  of  petrifactions  of  marine 
animals. 

Fax'on,  a  post-village  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  in  Faxon 
township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  498. 

Fay,  ik,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1852. 

Fayal,  fi-il',  one  of  the  Azores,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean ; 
lat.  (W.  point)  38°  35'  36"  N.,  Ion.  28°  50'  30"  W.  In  its 
centre  is  a  mountain  rising  about  3000  feet.  The  soil  is  re- 
markably fertile.  The  island  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
potatoes,  onions,  wine,  and  oranges.  The  principal  exports 
are  oranges  and  wine.  The  imports  are  manufactures,  cot- 
ton twist,  and  flax,  colonial  produce,  tea,  tobacco,  and  soap. 
Fayal  has,  besides,  a  considerable  transit  trade.  American 
whalers  touch  at  the  island  and  land  the  oil  of  such  fish  as 
they  have  caught  on  their  outward  voyage.  Fayal  has  a 
good  bay  opposite  to  Pico.  Opposite  the  town  of  Horta,  in 
the  bay  of  that  name,  is  the  best  anchorage  in  the  Azores. 
The  chief  town  is  Horta,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island,  itself 
sometimes  incorrectly  callod  Fayall.     Pop.  26,264. 

Fay-anx-Loges,  fA-5-lozh,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Loiret,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1758. 

Fayence,  fi^ftNss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Draguignan.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware 
and  glass.     Pop.  1919. 

Fayence,  a  French  name  of  Faenza. 

Fayette,  fi-ySt',  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sipsey  River,  and  partly  drained  by  a  small 
affluent  of  the  Black  Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Fayette  Court-House,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7136;  in  1880,  10,135;  in  1890,  12,823. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  162  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  S.E.  by  the  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  level  or  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  pro- 
duces cotton  and  Indian  corn.  Granite  is  abundant  in  this 
county,  which  also  has  beds  of  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlanta  &  Florida  Railroad  and  the  Central  of  Geor- 
gia Railroad.  Capital,  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8221 ; 
in  1880,  8605;  in  1890,  8728. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
KaskasRia  River,  which  runs  in  a  S.W.  direction.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  levtfl,  and  a  large  part  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  It  has  also  extensive 
prairies.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals 
are  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Toledo  St. 
Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad,  the  Vandalia  Line  of  Rail- 
road, and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  the  latter  two  running 
through  Vandalia,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,638;  in  1880,  23,241;  in  1890,  23,367. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  210  square  miles.    It  is  intersected  by  the 


West  Branch  of  the  Whitewater  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  level  and  partly  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile 
Nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which 
the  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  sugar-maple  are  found.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  abundance  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <fc  Dayton,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chi- 
cago <fc  St.  Louis,  and  Fort  Wayne,  Cincinnati  <fc  Louisville 
Railroads,  all  communicating  with  Connersville  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,476;  in  1880,  11,394;  in  1890,  12,630. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Turkey 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Volga  River,  which  rises  in 
it,  and  by  Buffalo  Creek.  The  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
<fc  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad 
traverse  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this 
county.  Capital,  West  Union.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,973;  in 
1880,  22,258;  in  1890,  23,141. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  252  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North 
and  South  Branches  of  Elkhom  Creek,  which  rise  within 
its  limits.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  diversified  with 
beautiful  scenery;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  com, 
hemp  (in  large  quantities),  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  principal  staple  products.  The  rock  which  under- 
lies the  soil  is  good  Lower  Silurian  limestone,  often  called 
blue  or  Trenton  limestone.  Lead  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  the 
Kentucky  Union  Railroad,  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Rail- 
road, the  Louisville  Southern  Railroad,  the  Queen  &  Cres- 
cent Route  Railroad,  and  the  Newport  News  &,  Mississippi 
Valley  Railroad,  all  communicating  with  Lexington,  the 
capital.  "Pop.  in  1870,  26,656;  in  1880,  29,023;  in  1890, 
35,698. 

Fayette,  a  southwestern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  398  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Paint  Creek  and  the 
North  Fork  of  that  creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products  of  the  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley,  Colum- 
bus &  Cincinnati  Midland,  Dayton,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago, 
and  Ohio  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,170;  in  1880,  20,364;  in  1890,  22,309. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Pennsvlvania, 
bordering  on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  830  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Monongahela  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Redstone  Creek.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with 
valleys,  hills,  and  two  long  ridges,  called  Chestnut  Ridge  and 
Laurel  Hill.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  is  found.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  pork,  wool, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valu- 
able beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
the  Pittsburg  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  the  first  two  com- 
municating with  Uniontown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
43,284;  in  1880,  58,842;  in  1890,  80,006. 

Fayette,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  bordering  on  the 
state  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  630  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Loosahatchie  and  Wolf  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  several  species  of  oak  are  found.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Sandstone  underlies  part  of  the  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  the 
Tennessee  Midland  Railroad,  and  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville 
Railroad,  the  first  two  communicating  with  Somerville, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,145;  in  1880, 
31,871;  in  1890,  28,878. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  960  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the 
Colorado  River, which  is  navigable  and  divides  it  into  ti' 
nearly  equal  parts.    The  surface  is  undulating  and  diver- 
fled  by  prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  ribbon-cane,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the    ; 
staple  products.     This  county  is  copiously  supplied  witV- 
good  timber.    It  is  intersected  by  the  San  Antonio  &  Aran  =• 
Pass,  Southern  Pacific,  and  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Ra 
roads.    Capital,  La  Grange.    Pop.  in  1870, 16,863 ;  in  188ii 
27,996;  in  1890,  31,481. 


FAY 


1167 


FAT 


Fayette^  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  750  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kanawha  or  New  River,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Gauley 
River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Meadow  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  picturesque  mountain-scenery,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  On  the  bank  of  New  River 
is  a  remarkable  cliff,  called  Marshall's  Pillar,  which  is 
about  1000  feet  high.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Indian  com,  oats,  grass,  pork,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and 
iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  &,  Ohio  Rail- 
road, which,  in  this  county,  runs  along  the  banks  of  the 
Kanawha  River.  Capital,  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6647;  in  1880,  11,560;  in  1890,  20,542. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  111.,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Greenfield  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  drug-store,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  churches. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.  Pop.  648. 
It  contains  Strawn. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  having  the 
Wabash  River  on  the  E.  and  the  Illinois  line  on  the  W. 
Pop.  1792.     It  contains  Libertyville. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1215. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  West- 
field  township,  on  the  Volga  River,  125  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Davenport,  and  10  miles  S.  of  AVest  Union.  It  has  a  bank, 
2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  wagon-  and  carriage- 
factory,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  creamery,  and  is  the  seat  of 
the  Upper  Iowa  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  founded 
in  1868.     Pop.  in  1890,  1062. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  E.  by 
the  Cedar  River.     Pop.  622. 

Fayette,  a  hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Wichita.     It  has  a  church. 

Fayette,  a  post-town  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery,  saw- 
uttd  lumber-mills,  a  corn-packing  factory,  &c.     Pop.  649. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  E. 
shore  of  Big  Bay  de  Noquet,  20  miles  E.  of  Escanaba.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1833. 
[t  includes  Jonesville. 

Fayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co..  Miss., 
m  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  26  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Natchez.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
II  female  college,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  700. 

Fayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  on 
!3onne  Femme  Creek,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
iElailroad,  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and  13  miles  N. 
of  Boonville.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  the  Central 
<]lollege  (Methodist),  which  was  organized  in  1871,  a  female 
(lollege,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2247. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  7i  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  3  churches,  graded 
fchools,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  about  360;  of 
Fayette  township,  2912. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  Gorham 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Morenci,  Mich.,  and  45  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  normal  school,  a  public  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  type-writing- 
machines,  tiles,  shovels,  ladders,  staves,  and  grain-  and 
hay-elevators.     Pop.  890. 

Fayette,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Fayette,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  about 
42  miles  S.W.  of  Madison. 

Fayette,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.    See  Fayetteville. 

Fayette  City,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa., 
about  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  about  32  miles 
'by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  glass-factories,  <fcc. 
Here  are  large  coal-mines.     Pop.  931. 

Fayette  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me., 
3i  miles  from  East  Livermore  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fayette  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,Tenn., 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Somerville, 

Fayette  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  81  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Fayette  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Fayette  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  boarding-houses.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Fayette  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  New  River,  2^  miles  by  rail  from  Fayetteville. 

Fayetteville,  fi-ySt'vil,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co., 
Ala.,  32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Talladega.  It  has  2  churches, 
»n  academy,  and  a  lime-quarry.     Pop.  about  500. 


Fayetteville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Wa«hington  oo^ 
Ark.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  high  ground,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Rogers,  and  62  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fort 
Smith.  It  has  8  churches,  2  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  2 
steam  flour-mills,  an  electric  plant,  and  manufactures  of 
wagons,  ploughs,  <fcc.  The  State  Agricultural  and  Industrial 
University,  organized  under  the  National  Educational  Land 
Grant  Act  of  1862,  is  situated  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2942. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co.,  Fla. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
Ga.,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  2  stores,  and  a  seminary. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  schools,  a  distillery,  a  creamery,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  312. 

Fayetteville  (Orange  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Orange  township,  3  miles  from  Glenwood  Sta- 
tion, which  is  8  miles  E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Bedford.    It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac, 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  about 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  wagon-shop,  &c.     Pop.  139. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  in  Manlius  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse  &  Chenango  Railroad, 
1  mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  several  saw-mills,  plaster-mills, 
and  carriage-factories,  2  glove-factories,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1410. 

Fayetteville,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.C.,  is  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Cape  Fear  River, 
82  miles  by  rail  and  about  53  miles  direct  S.  of  Raleigh. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  town.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  12  churches,  a  bank,  several  cotton-mills,  a 
carriage-factO|ry,  2  wooden-ware  factories,  2  machine-shops, 
an  edge-tool-factory,  a  plough-factory,  3  grist-mills,  a  tur- 
pentine-still factory,  lumber-mills,  3  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  Ac.  Turpentine,  tar,  and  lumber  are  exported  from 
this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  4222. 

Fayetteville,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami  River, 
about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  397. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  a  wood-work  fac- 
tory, 2  cigar-factories,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors, 
and  poultry-brooders.  Pop.  about  700.  Iron  ore  is  found 
here  in  large  quantities. 

Fayetteville  (New  Wilmington  Post-Office),  a  village 
of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in  Wilmington  township,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  Castle,  and  li  miles  from  Neshannook  Falls.  It  has 
1  or  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Elk  River,  and  on  the  Winchester  &  Alabama 
Railroad,  which  connects  at  Decherd  with  the  Nashville 
&  Chattanooga  Railroad,  about  66  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nash- 
ville. It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a  state 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  10  churches,  2  academies,  2  flour- 
ing-mills, and  an  ice-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2410. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  La  Grange.  It  has  a  church,  2  publio 
schools,  a  cigar-factory,  an  ice-house,  several  general  stores, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  269. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Newfane  township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough, 
and  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
church,  a  savings-bank,  and  2  hotels. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston,  2i  miles  from 
Fayette  Railroad  Station,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Great  Ka- 
nawha River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  several  churches, 
and  a  tobacco-factory.  Near  here  is  a  natural  curiosity 
called  Marshall's  Pillar,  a  cliff  about  1000  feet  high. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  is 
at  Fayette  Station  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Elkhorn. 

Fayl-Billot,  Le,  France.    See  Le  Fatl-Billot. 

Fayoe,  or  Feioe,  f  i^o'^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark, 
immediately  E.  of  Laaland.     Pop.  1200. 

Fayoom,  Faioom,  Fayoum,  Fayum,  or  Fai- 
oum,  f  i-oom',  a  province  of  Middle  Egypt,  consisting  of  a 
fertile  valley,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Nile,  and  considerably  depressed  below  its  level.     Length, 


iJir/f. 


FAY 


1168 


FEI 


from  E.  to  W.,  38  miles ;  breadth,  31  miles.  In  ita  N.  part 
U  the  lake  called  Birket-el-Kam.  It  is  well  irrigated 
both  by  nature  and  by  art,  and  was  anciently  the  garden 
of  Egypt.  Medinet-el-Fayoom  is  its  capital,  aroand  which 
are  numerous  remains  of  antiquity.     Pop.  228,700. 

Fays'ton,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Montpelier.    P.  694,   It  contains  North  Fayston, 

Fayville,  fa'yil,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Southborough  township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitch- 
burg  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Boston.  It  has  a 
church,  a  brick-kiln,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  shoes. 
Pop.  about  SflTO. 

Faz,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Phasis. 

Fazeley*  faiz'lee,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Staf- 
ford, li  miles  S.  of  Tamworth.     Pop.  1698. 

Fazilpoor,  fi^zil-poor',  a  small  and  decayed  town  of 
India,  in  Bhawlpoor,  with  a  fort  on  the  Indus.  Lat.  28° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  50'  E. 

FazogI,  Fazokl,  or  Fassokl,  f&-zo'k'l,  written  also 
Fazokl6  and  Fazoli)  a  country  of  Africa,  lying  on 
the  Blue  Nile,  and  having  the  parallels  of  11°  and  12° 
N.  lat.  for  its  approximate  S.  and  N.  limits.  Its  people  are 
negroes,  whose  chief  acknowledges  the  authority  of  Egypt. 
Pop.  about  500,000.     Capital,  Adass^,  a  small  place. 

Feads  (feedz)  and  Good'man's  Islands,  an  ir- 
regular chain  of  low  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  E. 
from  New  Ireland.     Lat.  3°  27'  S. ;  Ion.  154°  45'  E. 

Feale,  fail,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  joins  the 
Shannon  1 2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kerry  Head,  by  a  navigable 
and  tidal  estuary  called  the  Cashen.     Length,  30  miles. 

Fear'ing,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.  Pop.  1358. 
It  contains  Stanleyville. 

Fear'isville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Maysville. 

Fearn's  Springs,  or  Win'stonville,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  18  miles  W.  of  Shuqualak.  It  has  a 
church. 

Feast'erville,  a  post-ofSce  of  Lincoln  parish.  La. 

Feasterville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Newtown  &,  New  York  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Feasterville,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  oo.,  S.C. 

Feath'er  River,  California,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  Middle  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  in 
Plumas  CO.,  run  southwestward,  and  unite  in  Butte  co.,  about 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Oroville.  The  river,  including  the  forks. 
Is  about  250  miles  long.  It  runs  nearly  southward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Sutter  and  Yuba  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Sacramento  River  at  Vernon,  in  Sutter  oo.,  about  20  miles 
above  the  city  of  Sacramento.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to 
Marysville.  Large  quantities  of  gold  have  been  found  on 
the  banks  of  this  river.  The  Middle  Fork  runs  in  a  tre- 
mendous canon  nearly  2000  feet  deep. 

Feath'erstone,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  983. 

Feb'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on 
Muddy  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Fecamp,  fi^kiso',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inferieure,  on  the  English  Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  F6camp,  and  on  a  branch  railway,  27  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Havre.  Its  port,  though  small,  is  one  of  the  best  on  the 
channel,  and  has  been  much  improved.  It  has  many  ves- 
sels employed  in  the  cod-,  herring-,  and  mackerel-fisheries. 
F6camp  has  cotton-,  oil-,  and  other  mills,  turned  by  water- 
power,  steam  saw-mills,  ship-building  docks,  tanneries, 
sugar-refineries,  manufactures  of  linens,  hardware,  soda, 
Ac,  and  an  active  trade  in  Baltic  and  colonial  produce,  fish, 
salt,  and  brandy.  It  has  a  remarkable  church,  part  of  an 
ancient  abbey,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  chamber  of  commerce, 
a  naval  bureau,  and  a  school  of  navigation.     Pop.  12,074. 

Fedala,  fi-d4'ia,  a  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco, 
on  a  promontory,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sale. 

Fed  de  los  Vinos,  Canary  Islands.     See  Icod. 

Fed'eral,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Federal  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  the  N.E.  part  of  Athens 
00.,  and  enters  the  Hocking  River  from  the  north. 

Federal  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Baltimore. 

Federal  Point,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  St.  John's  River,  60  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.    Pop.  150. 

Federal  Point,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C. 
The  cape  of  this  name,  at  the  entrance  to  Cape  Fear  River 
via  New  Inlet,  has  a  light-house,  lat.  33°  57'  34"  N.,  Ion. 
77°  55'  11"  W.     Pop.  of  township,  410. 

Fed'eralsburg,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  oo.,  Md.,  on 
«  branch  of  the  Nanticoke  River,  and  on  the  Dorohester  & 


Delaware  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  public  school,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  kindling-wood  and  building-materials, 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  700. 

Fed'eralton,  a  hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan 
township,  3  miles  N.  of  Guysville. 

Feder-See,  fi'd^r-si,  a  lake  of  Wiirtemberg,  about  d 
miles  S.E.  of  Riedlingen,  is  drained  by  the  Kanzach. 

Fedt,  fit,  a  village  of  Norway,  15  miles  E.  of  Chris- 
tiania,  on  the  Glommen.     Pop.  of  parish,  2470. 

Feed'ing  Hills,  a  post- village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
in  Agawam  township,  6  or  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  ohnrches  and  a  high  school. 

Feejee,  Fidji,  Fiji  (fee'jee),  or  Viti  (vee'tee) 
Islands,  a  group  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  forming  a 
British  colony,  E.  of  the  New  Hebrides,  between  lat.  15° 
30'  and  19°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  177°  E.  and  178°  W.  The 
entire  group  comprises  altogether  225  reef-bound  islands, 
islets,  and  rocks,  80  of  which  are  inhabited.  Land  area, 
8034  square  miles.  There  are  numerous  spacious  outlets, 
or  passages  to  and  from  the  central  space  enclosed  by  the 
group  and  known  as  the  Goro  Sea.  Two  of  the  islands 
only  are  of  large  size,  namely,  Viti  Levu  or  Naviti  Lern^ 
the  largest,  and  Vanua  Levu,  or  Vuya.  Among  the  others 
may  be  mentioned  Eandaboo,  Ovolau,  Ambow  or  Bau, 
Matookoo,  and  Goro ;  some  of  the  others,  though  smaller, 
are  populous,  each  containing  from  5000  to  13,000  inhab- 
itants. Most  of  the  remainder  are  mere  islets.  The  Fee- 
jeea  are  of  volcanic  origin,  but  no  signs  of  volcanic  heat 
have  been  met  with,  except  at  Savu-Savu,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  island  of  Vanua  Levu.  The  peaks  are  usually  ba- 
saltic cones  or  needles,  some  of  which  rise  to  the  height 
of  several  thousand  feet.  A  luxuriant  foliage  covers  these 
islands  to  their  summits,  giving  them  a  singularly  pleasing 
and  picturesque  aspect.  The  soil  consists  of  a  deep  yellow- 
ish loam,  with  a  large  portion  of  decayed  vegetable  matter, 
which,  aided  by  a  fine  climate  and  abundance  of  water,  is 
extremely  productive.  Fruits  of  various  kinds  abound,  in- 
cluding the  bread-fruit,  of  which  there  are  nine  different 
sorts,  the  banana,  cocoa,  shaddock,  papaw-apple,  Tahiti 
chestnut,  and  a  number  of  other  fruits  peculiar  to  the 
islands.  The  chief  food  of  the  inhabitants  is  the  yam,  of 
which  they  have  five  or  six  varieties.  Sugar-cane,  cotton, 
turmeric,  and  tobacco  are  also  cultivated.  Sandalwood,  for 
which  these  islands  were  formerly  noted,  has  now  wholly 
disappeared.  Vegetation  is  exceedingly  rapid.  BSche  do 
mar,  cotton,  mother-of-pearl,  and  oocoanut  oil  are  leading 
exports.  The  climate  is  agreeable  and  healthful.  Prior  to 
the  introduction  of  Christianity,  the  inhabitants  of  these 
islands  were  a  barbarous  and  savage  race,  remarkable  for 
cruelty,  deceit,  and  cowardice.  They  were  also  extremely 
covetous,  and  addicted  to  human  sacrifices  and  cannibalism ; 
but  nearly  all  have  been  Christianized  by  the  labors  of  Wes- 
leyan  missionaries.  In  1874  the  islands  passsed  under  the 
sway  of  Great  Britain.  Capital,  Suva.  Native  poo.  in 
1881,  127,095;  Europeans,  1569.  Total  in  1891,  121,18u. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Feejee'an. 

Feelahiyah,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Doorak. 

Fees'bnrg,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Lewis 
township,  40  miles  E.S.E.of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  201. 

Fegersheim,  fA'Gh^rs-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  fi^zhia^zim'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Strasburg.     P.  1876 

Fegyvernek,  fidjVfiR^nik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co, 
of  Szolnok.     It  is  a  famous  tobacco-market.     Pop.  3200. 

Fehertemplom,  the  Hungarian  for  Weisskirchen. 

Fehmarn,  an  island  of  Germany.    See  Femern. 

Fehrbellin,  fiR^b^l-leen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2079. 

Feia,  fi-ee'A,  a  large  lake  of  Brazil,  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  Atlantic,  with  which  it  communicates 
by  an  artificial  canal  called  Furado. 

Feignies,  fain^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  12 
miles  N.  of  Avesnes.     Pop,  2405. 

Fei-Heoo,  a  province  of  Japan.    See  Figo. 

Feili,  fi'lee,  a  numerous  tribe  of  Persia,  living  compact 
and  united  in  one  region,  and  not  dispersed,  like  most  of 
the  others.  The  tribe  occupies  altogether  about  100,000 
houses  on  the  W.  side  of  the  mountains  of  Laristan  and 
in  the  territory  of  Shooster. 

Feillens,  fi^yfiu"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Ain,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bourg-en-Bresse.     Pop.  2648. 

Feioe,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Fatoe. 

Feira,  fi'e-ri  (anc.  Langoh'riga),  a  town  of  PortugaL 
on  the  Atlantic,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  2098. 

Feistritz,  f  i'strits,  a  river  of  Styria,  joins  the  Raw 
below  Fiirstenfeld,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  50  miles. 


fi 


FBI 


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FEN 


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40 


Feistritz,  a  village  of  Styria,  circle  and  9  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Gratz,  on  the  Mur.     Pop.  833. 
I     Feistritz,   a  village  of  Carniola,  1   mile  from   Neu- 
!  markt,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  425. 

Feitan,  the  Chinese  name  of  Fida. 

Feiume  Salso,  a  river  of  Sicily.    See  Salso. 
I     Feketehalon,  a  town  of  Transylvania,     See  Zeiden. 

Felaniche,  f^-l&-neech',  written  also  Felanitx  (anc. 
Canatix  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Majorca,  28  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Palma,  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  mountains.  It  is  well 
built,  has  wide  streets,  a  parish  church,  chapel,  town  house, 
prison,  two  schools,  a  hospital,  and,  on  the  neighboring 
mountain,  San  Salvador  of  Felaniche,  an  ancient  castle,  with 
.subterranean  vaults,  constructed  by  the  Moors.  The  man- 
'ufactures  are  linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  brandy,  and  ropes. 
I  The  trade  is  in  rice,  coffee,  sugar,  wine,  brandy,  fruit,  and 
I  cattle.  The  town  is  of  great  antiquity ;  and  among  the  hills 
hard  by  are  numerous  Moorish  remains.     Pop.  5918. 

Felbach)  ffil'biK,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3181. 
i  Felch'ville,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
'Beading  township,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
ihiU  a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
Itvires  of  chairs  and  bedsteads. 
!    Feida,  fSl'di,  a  village  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-Hessen.    Pop. 

ii].i7. 

I    Feldbach,  ffild'blK  or  fSlt'biK,  a  town  of  Austria,  22 

'miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Gratz,  on  the  Raab.    Pop.  1162. 

I    Feldberg,  ffilfhSne,  the  culminating  peak  of  the  Black 

F  )rest  Mountains,  in  Baden.     Lat.  47°  53'  N.  j  Ion.  7°  55' 

fe     Height,  4675  feet. 

'   Feldberg,  fSld'bSus  or  ffilfb^RO,  a  town  of  Mecklen- 

bi  rg-Strelitz,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  Haussee,  15 

in  les  E.  of  New  Strelitz.     Pop.  1175, 

!  Feldkirch,  fdlfke^RK,  or  Campo  di  San  Pietro, 

\l  m'po  dee  sin  pe-i'tro,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  in  Vorarlberg, 

It  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bregenz,  on  the  111. 
•cp.  2868. 
Peldkirchen,  ffilt'kgeHK^^n,  a  village  of  Baden, 
liles  W.S.W.  of  Freiburg,  Pop.  291. 
I  Peldsberg,  fSlts'bjRG,  Feldsperg,  filts'p^RG, 
yoltspnrg,  f5lts'po6RG,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
oiles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna.  Here  is  a  magnificent  palace  of 
p  Prince  of  Liechtenstein,  and  in  the  vicinity  the  best 
ri)»6  in  the  archduchy  is  produced.     Pop.  2424, 

]?'electiiin,  the  Latin  name  of  Feletto. 

l^elegyhaza,  f4^15dj'h|'z6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  66 
iiles  by  rail  S.E,  of  Pesth.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  gym- 
atium,  large  cattle-markets,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
)ri,  wine,  and  fruit.  Some  Roman  antiquities  have  been 
isoovered  here.     Pop.  21,313. 

I^eletto,  fi-l5t'to  (L.  Felec'tum),  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
ieimont,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin,     Pop.  1696. 

I'el-Gyogy,  firdyodj',  or  Felso-Gyogy,  fSrsho'- 
yodj,  a  village  or  series  of  villages  of  Transylvania,  8  miles 
bia  Tovis.     It  is  inhabited  by  Wallachians,     Pop.  1280. 

I'eliciana,  Louisiana.  See  East  Feliciana  and  West 
euciana. 

Felic'ity,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Frank- 
1  township,  3  or  4  miles  N.  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  35 

ilei  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.      It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 

hool,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  2  carriage-shops, 

newspaper  office,  and  a  town  hall.     Tobacco  and  pork  are 

le  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  779. 

Felicadi,  f4-le-koo'dee  (anc.  Phoenicu'ta),  one  of  the 

pari  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean.     Lat.  38°  43'  N.: 

u.  14°  28'  E.     Pop.  1800. 

Felij,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Felix. 

Felitto,  fi-lit  to,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.S.B.  of 

mpagna,  on  the  Galore.     Pop.  1896. 

Fe'lix,  a  small  island  in  the  South  Pacific.   Lat.  26°  20' 
Ion.  80°  W. 

Felix,  or  Felij,  fi'leen,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 

lia,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Almeria,     Pop.  2578. 

Fe'lix,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Bl.,  borders  on  the 

inoisand  Kankakee  Rivers.     Pop.  616. 

Felix,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  652. 

Felix,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Belmont 

Vnship,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Indianola.     It  has  a  Friends' 

ieting  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

relix  Harbor.      See  Boothia  Felix. 

Felizzano,  fi-lit-s^'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
jnt,  on  the  Tanaro,  9  miles  W.  of  Alessandria.  Pop.  2445. 
■Telka,  ffil'k5h\  or  Folk-Telka,  folk-v4l'k6h\  a  town 
yiHungary,  co.  of  Zips,  in  a  plain,  on  the  Felkbach,  8 

•N  S.W.  of  Kesmark.     Pop.  1260. 

[Pell,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  343.    In 


this  township  the  Pennsylvania  anthracite  coal  reaches  ita 
most  northern  limit. 

Fellatahs,  a  people  of  Africa.    See  Foolabs. 

Fellbach,  fSlrb&K,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2700. 

Felletin,  ffiirtiu*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Creuse,  on 
the  Creuse,  5  miles  S.  of  Aubusson.  It  has  manufactures 
of  carpets,  velvet,  and  paper.     Pop.  2913. 

Fellin,  fSl-leen',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  110 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Riga.  Pop.  2888.  It  is  very  ancient,  and 
has  the  remains  of  an  old  castle. 

Fellonica,  ffil-lon'e-ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  28  miles  S.E.  by  E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po. 

Fel'lowship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Mount  Laurel  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Moorestown.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fel'loAVSville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Feloojah,  Feliyah,  fi-loo'ji,  Felugiah,  fi-loo'- 
je-i,  or  Anbar,  in-bar',  a  castle  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  35 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Feloops,  fSh^loops',  or  Felnp,  ffihMoop',  an  African 
people,  inhabiting  a  maritime  territory  in  Senegambia,  be- 
tween the  Gambia  and  Casamanza,  about  76  miles  in  length 
from  W.  to  E.,  and  45  miles  in  breadth.  They  are  supposed 
to  number  about  50,000. 

Felsberg,  fSls'bflRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nafi 
sau,  on  the  Eder,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1028. 

Felsengebirge.    See  Rockt  Mountains. 

Felsina,  the  ancient  name  of  Bologna. 

Felso,  fIrshS',  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "upper," 
prefixed  to  the  names  of  many  towns  in  Hungary. 

Felsd-Bdnya,  ffirsho'  b&n'y5h\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Szathmar,  7  miles  E.  of  Nagy-B&nya.  It  has  rich 
mines,  affording  gold,  silver,  copper,  and  lead.  Pop.,  with 
surroundings,  5440. 

Felso-Gyogy,  Transylvania.    See  Fel-Gtogy. 

Fel'ton,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  6^  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Santa  Cruz.  It  has  3  lumber-mills,  3  lime- 
kilns, and  a  manufactory  of  safety-fuses. 

Felton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  58  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Dover.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a  can- 
ning-factory, and  a  manufactory  of  baskets.     Pop.  403. 

Felton,  a  post-village  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga.,  47  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Buchanan.  It  has  several  churches,  2  banks,  a 
cotton-gin,  and  saw-  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  314. 

Felton,  a  station  in  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  13  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Glyndon. 

Felton,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Windsor 
township,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of 
York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  cigars. 

Feltre,  fSl'tri  (anc.  Fel'tria),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Belluno,  on  a  height,  near  the  Piave. 
Pop.  12,435.  It  is  partially  fortified,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
a  gymnasium,  silk-twist  and  wax-bleaching  factories,  and 
a  trade  in  corn,  wine,  and  oil. 

Felts,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Felt's  Alills,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad, 
8  miles  above  Watertown.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
some  paper-mills,  and  a  glove-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Feltz,  fdlts,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  duchy  and  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Luxemburg.     Pop.  950. 

Feludsh,  fi-liidsh',  or  Pheleche,  f&'Ieetch,  an  island 
at  the  head  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  on  the  entrance  to  Grane 
Harbor,  in  lat.  29°  27'  N.,  Ion.  48°  16'  E.  Length,  7i  miles. 
The  chief  town  is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island. 

Feliyah,  or  Felugiah.    See  Feloojah. 

Felup,  Senegambia.    See  Feloops. 

Femern,  or  Fehmarn,  fi'm^rn  or  fSm'm^rn,  an  island 
of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  the 
mainland  by  Femersund,  a  channel  1  mile  broad.  Lat.  of 
Burg,  its  capital,  26°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  12'  E.  Area,  70  square 
miles.  Corn  and  cattle  are  raised,  but  fishing  and  naviga- 
tion are  the  principal  occupations.     Pop.  9600. 

Femina,  fdm'e-n&,  or  Femmine,  fSm'me-n&,  a  rocky 
islet  oflF  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Palermo. 

Femme  Osage,  f&m  o-z&zh'  or  fdm  o's&j,  a  post-ham- 
let of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  in  Femme  Osage  township,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Washington  Station.     Pop.  of  township,  2383. 

FemOe,  fflm'b^^h,  or  F£lin5e,  fi'md*§h,  a  small  island 
of  Denmark,  N.  of  the  island  of  Laaland.     Pop.  400. 

Fenain,  f§h^niN<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  II 
miles  E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  2456. 

Fend'leys,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  tb« 
Brighthope  Railroad.  10  miles  E.  of  Clover  Hill. 


FEN 


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Fen'elon  FallS)  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Fenelon,  between  Cameron  and  Sturgeon 
Lakes,  14  miles  by  rail,  or  19  by  steamboat,  N.  of  Lindsay. 
It  has  several  stores,  saw-mills,  and  grist-mills,  and  a  large 
lumber-trade.  The  mills  are  erected  on  Fenelon  Falls, 
which  are  about  20  feet  high  and  300  feet  wide.     Pop.  750. 

Fenerif,  ffin-§h-reer,  or  Finerive,  fin'^h-reev',  a 
town  and  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madagas- 
car, in  lat.  17°  28'  S.,  Ion.  49°  23'  E. 

Fenestrelle,  fi-nfis-trfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 50  miles  W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  1614. 

Fen^trangey  the  French  name  of  Finstinqen. 

Fenit,  an  island  of  Irelancl.     See  Fennit. 

Fen^more',  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Fen'ner,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  4  churches.     P.  1040. 

Feuner  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fenner  township,  2i  miles  from  Perry  ville.  It  has  a  church. 

Fen'nimore,  a  post- village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  29  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dodgeville,  and  10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of 
Lancaster.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  grist-mill,  a  bed-spring  factory,  and  a  grease-factory. 
Pop.  616. 

Fen'nit,  or  Fen'it,  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
in  Tralee  Bay,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tralee. 

Fenn's,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind. 

Fenn's  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  6a.,  on  the 
Ogeechee  River,  5  miles  from  Davisborough  Station. 

Fenn'ville,  a  post- village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  40 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churchee,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  ^c. 
Fruit-shipping  is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  in  1890,  360. 

Fen'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  1  mile  by 
rail  E.  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  manufactures  fine  pottery 
and  earthenware,  and  has  railway-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  16,998. 

Fenton,  a  post- hamlet  of  AVbiteside  co..  III.,  in  Fenton 
township,  on  the  Mendota  &  Clinton  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sterling. 
It  has  a  church,  2  creameries,  and  general  business  stores. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Fenton,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co..  111.     Pop.  736. 

Fenton,  a  post-township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
from  Algona.     Pop.  462. 

Fenton,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  about  18 
miles  S.  of  Flint.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  a  normal  school,  and  manufactures  of  patent  drill- 
presses  and  machinery,  screen-doors,  carriages,  hydraulic 
pumps,  spring-beds,  potash,  soap,  furniture,  and  whip- 
sockets.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2182. 

Fenton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  in  Bonne- 
faomme  township,  on  the  Maramec  River,  about  16  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Fenton,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Port  Crane. 

Fenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Webster 
township,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Perrysburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Feutonville,  Michigan.     See  Fenton. 

Fen'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad, 
42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Dunkirk.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  82. 

Fen'tress,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Tennessee,  bor- 
dering on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Obey's  River  and  the  Big  South  Fork 
of  the  Cumberland  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  and  high  table-lands,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  produces  fine  pasture.  In- 
dian corn  and  pork  are  among  the  staple  products.  Bitu- 
minous coal  is  found  here.  Capital,  Jamestown,  which  is 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Bobbins,  on  the  Queen  <fc  Crescent 
Route.     Ppp.  in  1870,  4717 ;  in  1880,  5941 ;  in  1890,  5226. 

Fen'wick,  a  summer  resort  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad, 
31  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  Here  is  a  fine  hotel,  called 
Fenwick  Hall. 

Fen  wick,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Fenwick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Fair  Plain  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Ionia  and 
Stanton,  10  miles  S.  of  Stanton. 

Fen'wick,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Sootia,  6  miles  from  Amherst.     Pop.  200. 

Fenwick,  a  post- village  in  Monck  co,,  Ontario,  8  miles 
W.N.W,  of  Welland.     Pop.  100. 


Fenwick's  Island,  off  the  E,  coast  of  Maryland, 

Worcester  co.,  20  miles  S.  of  Cape  Henlopen,  in  lat.  38°  27' 
1"  N.,  Ion.  75°  2'  59"  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Feny,  ffin,  or  Fony,  fon,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Torontal,  15  miles  from  Temesvar.     Pop.  1690. 

Feodosia,  or  Theodosia.    See  Kaffa. 

Feoo-  (or  Feou-)  Leang,  fi-oo'-li-ing',  or  Fow- 
Leang,  f5w-le-4ng',  a  town  of  China,  in  Kiang-See,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Yao-Choo. 

Ferafra,  an  oasis  of  Egypt.    See  El  Farafreh. 

Ferahabad,  f^h-ri-hl-bid',  or  Farahabad,  a  mari- 
time town  of  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  in  the  Caspian  Sea,  15  miles  N.  of  Saree. 

Ferai  Kholm,  fjr-i'  kolm,  an  elevated  district  of  Af- 
ghanistan, having  E.  and  S.E,  the  river  Helmund,  and  W 
and  N,W.  the  Koh-i-Baba  range.  Lat.  34°  20'  N.;  Ion. 
67°  54'  E.     It  is  well  cultivated,  fertile,  and  populous. 

Ferbane,  f^r-ban',  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  King's  oo,, 
on  the  Brosna,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Banagher. 

Fer'dinand,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Island  co..  111. 

Ferdinand,  a  post-village  in  Ferdinand  township,  Du- 
bois CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  and  about  40  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  Catholic  academy,  a 
large  convent  of  Benedictine  nuns,  a  manufactory  of  min- 
eral paints  and  Tripoli  powder,  several  general  stores,  and 
a  brewery.     Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  township,  1732. 

Ferdinand,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad.     Pop.  33.     It  contains  Wenlock. 

Ferdinandea,  f£R-de-n&n-d&'&,  or  Gra'hamis* 
land,  a  remarkable  volcanic  island,  which  appeared  in  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  Slst  of  July,  1831,  in  lat.  37°  8'  3" 
N.,  Ion.  12°  42'  15"  E.,  between  Sicily  and  Pantellaria,  and 
remained  visible  above  the  water  for  three  months.  It  r»- 
appeared  in  1864. 

F^re,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  FiRE. 

Ffere-Champenoise,  faiR-sh6H^Qh-nw&z',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Marne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Epemay.  Pop.  19M. 
Here,  on  the  24th  of  March,  1814,  the  French  were  totally 
defeated  by  the  allies. 

Fered,  fi^rfid',  Feret,  Feredjik,  fi-r5d-jeek',  or 
Phereh,  f&'r^h,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  44  milei 
N.W.  of  Gallipoli,  near  the  Maritza.     Pop.  3000. 

F^re-en-Tardenois,  faiR-dK<>-taR'dQh-nw&',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Ourcq,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
ChUteau-Thierry.     Pop.  2068. 

Ferengal,  fk-i&n-gkV,  a  lead-mine  in  Northern  Af- 
ghanistan, 18  miles  S.W.  of  Ghorbund,  extensively  wrought 
at  a  remote  period,  but  long  concealed,  and  re-discovered 
only  a  few  years  ago.     Lat.  34°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  33'  E. 

Ferentino,  fi-rSn-tee'no  (anc,  Ferenti'num  f),  a  town 
of  Italy,  6  miles  N,W,  of  Frosinone,  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  numerous  antiquities.     Pop,  10,174. 

Feret,  a  town  of  Turkey,    See  Fered, 

Ferez,  fi'rith  or  fi'rSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,40 
miles  S,  by  W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  811. 

Fer'geson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Ferghana,  fdr-g&'na,  a  government  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  Toorkistan.  Area,  27,936  square  miles.  It  consists  of 
the  former  khanate  of  Khokan,  a  fertile  region,  boundel 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Pameer  table-land,  and  is  itself  a  plateau 
traversed  by  the  Jaxartes,  and  abounding  in  varied  but 
nearly  undeveloped  mineral  wealth.  Cotton,  silk,  wool, 
cattle,  and  grain  are  produced.  Capital,  Khokan.  Fop 
800,000.  The  present  name  of  the  government  is  an  an- 
cient one,  restored  after  the  Russian  conquest  of  1876. 

Fer'gus,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Grand,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway, 
16  miles  N.  of  Guelph.  It  contains  flour-  and  planing- 
mills,  distilleries,  numerous  manufactories,  an  iron-foundry, 
2  branch  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1666. 

Fer'gus  Falls,  a  city,  capital  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  .Minn.. 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  at  the  crossing  of  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Manitoba  and  Northern  Pacific,  Fergus 
&  Black  Hills  Railroads,  215  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Duluth.  It 
has  4  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
a  college,  a  woollen-mill,  a  wagon-factory,  a  cigar-factory, 
and  4  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3772. 

Fer'guson,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  i 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Tama,  and  7  miles  (direct)  S,  of  Mar- 
shalltown.    It  has  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Ferguson,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Ferguson,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.Vi' 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory.    ^ " 
Ferguson  Junction,  |  of  a  mile  nearer  St.  Louis,  the  two 
initial  branches  of  the  railroad  unite. 


F£R 


1171 


FEB 


Ferguson,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2111. 
It  contains  Pine  Grove  Mills. 

Ferguson,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  585. 
It  contains  Marron  and  Ostend. 

Ferguson,  a  poat-ofBce  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  6  miles 
j  from  Newport. 

Ferguson,  a  station  on  the  Tyler  Tap  Railroad,  21 
I  miles  N.  of  Tyler,  Tex. 

Ferguson's,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
•  ville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  93  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 
i  Here  is  White  Run  Post-Ofi&ce. 

Ferguson's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co., 
!  H.Y.,  in  Benton  township,  3  miles  from  Hall's  Station. 

Ferguson's  Cove,  or  Ferguson's  Cave,  a  ham- 
let of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific,  about  4  miles  S.E. 
of  the  town  of  Punta  Arenas.     Pop.  40. 

Ferguson's  Cove,  a  village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  picturesquely  situated  on  the  N.W.  arm  of  Halifax 
Harbor,  5  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Ferguson's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Mississippi  River,  13  miles  from  Perth. 
Pop.  150. 

Ferguson's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind., 
oa  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 
I     Ferguson's  Station,  Ky.    See  Whippoorwill. 
i     Fer'gusonvale,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
1 9  miles  from  Barrie.     Pop.  125. 

I  Fer'gusonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
01  Charlotte  River,  about  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
Jha.8  a  church  and  an  academy. 

I     Fer'gusson's  Wharf,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Isle  of  Wight 
»).,  Va.,  on  Burwell's  Bay,  an  expansion  of  the  James  River. 
|l!ere  are  several  stores  and  lumber-mills. 
I    Feria,  fi're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Bada- 
j  M.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2712. 

Ferianeh,  fi-re-i'n§h  (anc.  Tha'la  ?),  a  town  of  Africa, 
la  the  Desert,  176  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tunis. 

Feringabad,  f4-rin-gS,-bid',  a  village  of  Belooohistan, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Mooatung.     Pop.  about  800. 

Ferla,  fflR'lS,,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Syracuse.     Pop.  4057. 

Ferlach,  fSR'l&K,  a  village  of  Carinthia,  7  miles  S.  of 
Klagenfurth,  on  the  Drave.  Pop.  1141. 
Ferlyug,  a  town  of  Hungary.  See  Furlos. 
Fermanagh,  f§r-man'i,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland, 
ii  the  province  of  Ulster,  enclosed  by  the  cos.  of  Donegal, 
Tyrone,  Monaghan,  Cavan,  and  Leitrim.  Area,  714  square 
miles.  Mountain  limestone  is  the  prevalent  rock,  with  old 
red  sandstone  and  millstone  grit.  The  soil  is  generally  a 
rijh  loam.  The  surface  varies  from  the  richest  vales  to  the 
jwildest  uplands.  The  lakes  Upper  and  Lower  Erne,  with 
I  their  connecting  river,  divide  the  county  into  two  nearly 
lecual  portions.  It  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of 
jCommons, — two  for  the  county  and  one  for  Enniskillen,  its 
clief  town.     Pop.  in  1881,  84,879 ;  in  1891,  74,037. 

Fermanagh,  f^r-man'a,  a  township  of  Juniata  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  993,  exclusive  ot  the  borough  of  Mifflin. 

Fermanville,  f5B^m5N»Heel',  a  village  of  France,  on 
the  sea-coast,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cherbourg.  Pop.  1950. 
Fermcuse,  ffiR^mnz',  a  large  village  and  settlement  of 
Newfoundland,  on  the  sea-coast,  51  miles  S.  of  St.  John's, 
and  7  miles  from  Ferryland.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  safe  and 
commodious.  The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  agriculture 
and  in  the  cod-  and  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  578. 

Fermo,  f^B'mo  (anc.  Fir'mum),  a  city  of  Central  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  4  miles  from  the  Adriatic,  and  34  miles 
IS.E.  of  Ancona.  Pop.  17,886.  The  city  proper  is  en- 
closed by  a  wall,  entered  by  5  gates,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
la  university  founded  in  1824,  and  fine  collections  of  art. 
jits  coast  harbor,  Porto  di  Fermo,  is  small,  but  exports  corn. 
Bilk,  and  woollens.     Fermo  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Fer^mont',  or  Kad'nor  For'ges,  a  village  in 
Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  3  miles  from  Three  Rivers.  It 
contains  a  large  foundry,  where  pig  iron  and  railway-oar- 
wheels  are  manufactured.  The  ore  and  charcoal  are  ob- 
tained in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  150. 

Fermoselle,  fSR-mo-sSl'li  (anc.  Ocel'lum  Du'riif),  a 
town  of  Spain,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Zamora,  near  the  Douro. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cloths.     Pop.  1065. 

Fermoy',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  19  miles  N.N.E. 
'of  Cork,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Blackwater.  It  is  con- 
jnected  by  rail  with  Mallow.  The  chief  structures  are  a  stone 
"bridge  of  13  arches,  barracks,  an  elegant  parish  church,  a 
<"court-house,  a  bridewell,  a  union  workhouse,  a  hospital,  a 
Catholic  college,  and  a  convent.  It  has  extensive  flour-mills, 
ujd  a  large  trade  in  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  7388. 


Fern,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianap* 
olis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Greencastle. 

Fernald's  Station,  New  Hampshire.  See  Wolp- 
BOROCGH  Centre. 

Fernan'dez  de  Ta'os,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taos 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  •Santa  F6,  and 

10  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
bank.  Here  are  hot  springs,  which  are  highly  commended. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Fernandina,  f§r-nin-dee'ni,  a  port  of  entry,  and  cap- 
ital of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  Amelia  Island  (which  is  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean),  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jacksonville,  and  36 
miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  Ga.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Florida  Central  <fc  Peninsular 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  ofi&ces,  a 
Catholic  academy,  5  white  and  8  colored  churches,  an  oyster- 
canning  factory,  a  phosphate-elevator,  a  public  library, 
separate  public  schools  for  white  and  colored,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Here  is  a  good  beach 
for  bathing  and  driving ;  and  it  is  a  popular  place  of  resort 
in  summer  and  winter.  Lines  of  steamships  connect  it 
with  New  York  and  with  Brunswick.     Pop.  in  1890,  2803. 

Fernando  de  Noronha,  f^B-nin'do  di,  no-r6n'y&, 
an  island  in  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean,  125  miles  from  the 
E.  extremity  of  Brazil,  to  which  it  belongs.  Lat.  of  peak, 
3°  50'  10"  S. ;  Ion.  32°  22'  42"  W.  Length,  from  N.E.  to 
S.W.,  8  miles.  Surface  mountainous  and  rugged,  but  fer- 
tile. It  has  several  harbors  defended  by  forts,  and  serves 
as  a  place  of  banishment  from  Brazil. 

Fernan'do  Po  (Port.  pron.  f^R-n&n'do  po :  so  called 
from  the  name  of  its  discoverer),  an  island  in  the  Bight  of 
Biafra,  in  Western  Africa,  20  miles  from  the  mainland, 
between  lat.  3°  12'  and  3°  47'  N.  and  Ion.  8°  26'  and  8°  57' 
E.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  35  miles  long  and  22  miles 
broad.  On  it  is  a  ridge  of  mountains  terminating  in  a 
magnificent  cone,  10,190  feet  high,  called  Clarence  Peak. 
The  whole  appearance  of  this  beautiful  island  is  picturesque 
in  the  extreme,  being  covered  to  its  highest  elevations,  on 
the  N.  part,  with  dense  forests  and  luxuriant  vegetation, 
while  on  the  S.  some  fine  park  scenery  compensates  a  com- 
parative deficiency  of  trees.  The  latter  consist  chiefly  of 
palms  and  the  magnificent  bombax.  The  sugar-cane  grows 
here  wild  in  great  profusion;  yams  likewise  are  grown 
in  great  quantities,  and  are  esteemed  the  finest  in  Africa ; 
they  form  the  chief  article  of  food  of  the  inhabitants. 
India-rubber  and  palm  oil  are  exported.  There  are  several 
harbors  in  the  island,  the  most  spacious  of  which  is  Maid* 
stone  Bay,  at  the  N.E.  end,  where  is  situated  Clarence  Town, 
originally  an  English  settlement,  established  in  1827.  The 
natives  are  a  peculiar  race,  diflTerent  in  their  physical 
characteristics  and  language  from  their  neighbors  on  the 
continent.  The  island  was  discovered  in  1471  by  the  Portu- 
guese, who  in  1778  ceded  it  to  Spain.  It  is  now  a  Spanish 
place  of  exile  for  political  offenders.     Pop.  2071. 

Fernan  Nuflez,  ffiR-n&n'  noon'yith,  a  town  of  Spain, 

11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova.  It  has  manufactures  of  wool- 
lens and  linens.     Pop.  5961. 

Fern'bank,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Fern  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky. 

Fern'dale,  a  post- village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  5 
miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eu- 
reka.    It  has  4  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.     P.  763. 

Ferndale,  or  FuU'erton,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  2  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Allen- 
town.  It  has  2  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  oar-factory,  and 
manufactures  of  wheels  and  axles.     Pop.  503. 

Ferndale,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Ferney,  or  Fernex,  fSR^ni',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ain,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Gex,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Geneva,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Jura  Mountains.  Here  Voltaire  fixed  his 
residence,  and  in  1768  established  a  manufactory  of  watches, 
which  occupied  800  hands.  The  house  in  which  he  lived 
for  20  years  is  visited  by  thousands  of  travellers.    Pop.  907. 

Fer'ney,  a  station  in  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia <k  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Fern  Islands,  England.    See  Farne  Islands. 

Fern'land,  a  station  in  Mobile  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile. 
Here  are  several  mills  for  pine  lumber. 

Fern  Leaf,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Ky. 

Ferno,fflR'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1744. 

Fern  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Fern  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Bonhomme  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Rosedale  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.   Here  is  CrSve  Coeur  Lake. 

Ferns,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Wexford,  10  miles  b^ 


FER 


1172 


FER 


rail  N.N.E.  of  Enniscorthy.  It  has  picturesque  ruins  of 
an  abbey,  and  a  cathedral ;  it  was  once  a  bishop's  see,  and 
still  gives  name  to  a  Roman  Catholic  diocese.    Pop.  568. 

Fern' wood,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Chicago,  annexed 
to  the  city  in  November,  1890.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  818. 

Fernwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Darby  township,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cotton-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  &c. 

Ferockabady  a  district  of  India.    See  Furruceabad. 

Feroe  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic.   See  Farob. 

Fero'nia,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Gla. 

Ferozabad,  or  Firozabad,  fee-ro^zi-b&d',  a  town 
of  India,  district  and  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Agra.  It  is  ill 
built,  but  is  surrounded  by  interesting  ruins.     Pop.  14,255. 

Ferozabad,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Nizam's  do- 
minions, on  the  Beemah,  112  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Ferozabad,  or  Firozabad,  fee-ro^z&-b&d',  a  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  63  miles  S.  of  Sheeraz.  It  is 
enclosed  with  old  walls,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  a  large 
temple,  and  an  old  aqueduct,  but  is  mostly  in  ruins. 

Ferozepoor,  Firozpar,  or  Fyrozpnr,  fee-r5z- 
poor',  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  India.  Its  centre  is  about 
lat.  31°  N.,  Ion.  75®  E.  Area,  2692  square  miles.  It  is 
mostly  a  barren  jungle,  but  might  be  irrigated  and  re- 
claimed.    Capital,  Ferozepoor.     Pop.  549,253. 

Ferozepoor,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above,  near  the 
Sutlej,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lahore.  Since  the  British 
occupation  it  has  been  changed  from  a  wretched  and  filthy 
town  to  one  of  the  finest  and  healthiest  places  in  the 
East.     Pop.  20,592. 

Ferozepoor,  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Qoorgaon,  74 
miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  is  walled  and  fortified,  and  has  the 
palace  of  a  nabob.     Pop.  7989. 

Ferrall's  Landing,  Ontario.  See  Bonnechbrk  Point. 

Ferrandina,  ffiR-Rin-dee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  7086. 

Ferrara,  ffiR-Ri'ri  (anc.  Fo'rum  Alie'ni  f),  a  city  of 
Italy,  in  Emilia,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same  name, 
26  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bologna,  near  the  north  branch 
of  the  Po.  It  is  a  large  and  well-built  town,  with  spacious 
and  regular  streets,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  7  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, and  defended  on  the  W.  side  by  a  citadel  regularly 
fortified.  In  the  middle  of  the  city  is  a  castle,  flanked 
with  towers  and  surrounded  by  wet  ditches,  which  was 
once  the  residence  of  the  dukes.  Ferrara  has  long  been 
falling  into  decay ;  its  pavements  are  overgrown  with  grass, 
and  the  staircases  and  balconies  of  many  of  its  noble  palaces 
are  overrun  with  ivy,  while  others  are  without  either  doors 
or  windows.  It  still  contains  a  vast  cathedral  and  numer- 
ous churches,  most  of  which  contain  valuable  paintings, 
together  with  some  interesting  specimens  of  sculpture. 
It  has  also  a  public  gallery  of  paintings,  called  the  Palazzo 
del  Magistrato,  containing  many  excellent  works  by  the 
leading  painters  of  the  Ferrara  school,  a  university,  com- 
prising a  school  of  medicine  and  jurisprudence,  and  a  public 
library,  containing  100,000  volumes  and  1100  MSS.,  the 
latter  including  some  of  those  of  Ariosto  and  Tasso.  The 
house  in  which  Ariosto  was  educated,  and  that  in  which  he 
lived  during  his  latter  years,  are  shown.  The  latter  is  now 
national  property,  and  is  ranked  among  the  national  mon- 
uments. Another  object  of  interest  is  the  cell  in  the  Hos- 
pital of  St.  Anna,  in  which  Tasso  was  imprisoned.  Ferrara 
is  an  archbishop's  see.  It  carries  on  some  trade  in  com 
and  other  produce  of  the  soil.  There  are  manufactures  of 
silk  ribbons,  wax  candles,  brazen  utensils,  and  stoves,  also 
tanneries  and  glass-works.  Under  the  line  of  Este  the  city 
was  the  capital  of  a  sovereign  duchy,  and  possessed  one  of  the 
most  polished  courts  in  Italy,  and  a  population  estimated  at 
.more  than  100,000.  In  the  fifteenth  century  it  was  famous 
for  its  school  of  painting,  which  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  in 
Italy ;  and  in  the  sixteenth  it  was  the  asylum  of  Calvin, 
Marot,  and  others.  Pop.  in  1881,  28,814 ;  in  1891  (commu- 
nal), 75,470. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ferrarese,  ffir^ri-reez'. 

Ferrara,  a  province  in  the  N.  of  Italy,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Po  and  E.  by  the  Adriatic.  Area,  1010  square 
miles.  It  is  almost  entirely  composed  of  a  delta  formed 
by  branches  of  the  Po  and  by  the  Panaro  and  Primaro,  and 
includes  within  it  the  extensive  lagoons  of  Comacchio.  It 
comprises  the  greater  part  of  what  was  formerly  the  duchy 
of  Ferrara.     Capital,  Ferrara.     Pop.  215,369. 

Ferra'ra,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  0. 

Ferraria  Astensium.    See  Ferrere. 

Ferratus  Mons,  the  ancient  name  of  Jurjura. 

Ferrazzano,  fjR-Rit-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  1  mile  S.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3446. 


Ferreira,  f^R-R&'e-rJl  (anc.  Rara'pia),  a  town  of  Por. 
tugal,  in  Alemtejo,  16  miles  W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3247. 

Ferreira,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  8 
miles  E.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  1887. 

Ferreira,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Aveiro. 

Ferreira,  fSR-Ri'e-r4,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
36  miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1416. 

Ferreiros,  f5R-Ri-ee'roce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Douro,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aveira,  near  the  Vouga.   P.  1441. 

Ferreiros  de  Tendaes,  fiR-Ri-ee'roce  di  t4n-di'Jg, 
a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira- Alta,  16  miles  from  Lamego. 
Pop.  1644. 

Fer'rell,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  on  the  lUinoig 
Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Fer'rell's,  a  station  in  "Wakulla  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  St. 
Mark's  Branch  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  k  Mobile 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Tallahassee. 

Ferrere,  ffiR-Ri'ri  (anc.  Ferraria  Astensium  f),  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8  miles  W.  of  Asti.    Pop.  1830. 

Ferrerias,  fSR-R&-ree'&s,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Mi- 
norca, 19  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Mahon.     Pop.  961. 

Ferrifere,  fSR^Re-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Palisse.     Pop.  491. 

Ferri^res,  ffiR^Re-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble. 

Ferri^res,  a  village  of  France,  in  Loiret,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Montargis.     It  has  marble-quarries.     Pop.  1967. 

Ferriftafe,  foR'Reen-yi'fi,  a  town  of  Peru,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Lambayeque.  It  has  4  steam  rice-mills  and  a 
cotton-gin,  and  exports  much  rice.     Pop.  8000. 

Fer'rintosh,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  1^  miles 
S.E.  of  Dingwall. 

Fer'ris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  at  the  cross- 
ing of  two  railroads,  4  miles  N.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a 
church  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  305. 

Ferris,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Ferris,  a  post-township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  about 
48  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1314. 

Ferris,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston 
<fc  Texas  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Ferris,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Rawlins. 

Fer'risburg,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in  Per- 
risburg  township,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  19 
miles  S.  of  Burlington,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Vergennes.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Champlain,  and  intersected  by  Otter  Creek,  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  North  Ferrisburg.     Total  pop.  1768. 

Fer'ro  (Sp.  Hierro,  y^R'RO ;  Fr.  He  de  Fer,  eel  d^h  faia), 
the  most  S.W.  of  the  Canary  Islands.  Lat.  of  N.W.  point, 
27°  45'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  18°  7'  5"  W.  of  Greenwich.  It  i» 
known  chiefly  as  the  place  whence  the  longitude  is  reck- 
oned by  many  geographers,  since  its  meridian  is  the  assumed 
line  dividing  the  Eastern  and  Western  hemispheres ;  but  the 
conventional  meridian  of  Ferro  (17°  40'  W.  of  Greenwich) 
is  not  its  true  one.  Area,  100  square  miles.  It  produces 
good  wine  and  fruits,  archil,  honey,  small  sheep,  Ac,  which, 
with  brandy,  are  exported.     Chief  town,  Valverde. 

Ferro  Islands,  Denmark.    See  Faroe. 

Ferro,  Cape,  Algeria.    See  Cape  Ferro. 

Ferrol,  ffiR-R5l',  a  seaport  town  and  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal naval  arsenals  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles  N.E. 
of^  Corunna,  on  the  N.  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Betanzos.  Lat. 
of  the  mole,  43°  29'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  13'  W.  Pop.  21,120. 
Its  harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  Europe,  is  entered  by  a  nar- 
row strait,  and  is  defended  by  the  castles  of  San  Felipe  and 
Palma.  The  town  on  its  N.  shore  is  strongly  fortified  on 
the  land  side.  Its  vast  arsenal  and  dock-yard,  founded  by 
Charles  III.,  covers  nearly  24  acres,  and  comprises  many 
magnificent  docks  and  storehouses.  It  has  a  general  and 
a  military  hospital,  3  large  churches,  an  old  Franciscan 
monastery,  a  tax-office,  a  prison  for  galley-slaves,  the 
residence  of  the  authorities,  naval  barracks,  and  schools  of 
navigation  and  mathematics.  The  manufactures  comprise 
hats,  paper,  leather,  naval  stores,  and  hardwares.  Principal 
exports,  corn,  brandy,  vinegar,  and  fish;  imports,  salted 
meat  and  manufactured  products  of  Northern  Europe. 

Fer'rol,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Ches- 
apeake &  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace.  The  name  of  the  station 
is  Elizabeth  Furnace. 

Ferromonte,  fSr^ro-mont',  a  hamlet  of  Morris  oo., 
N.J.,  in  Randolph  township,  on  the  Ferromonte  Railroad, 
2  or  3  miles  S.W.  of  Dover.  Here  is  an  iron-mine  about 
800  feet  deep. 


FER 


1173 


FEZ 


Ferro'na,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  &  Canada  Railroad  (Au  Sable  Branch),  17  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  is  a  shipping-point  for  iron  ore, 
which  is  mined  about  1  mile  from  Ferrona  and  is  of  superior 
quality.     Pop.  nearly  300. 

Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa. 

Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  oo.,  Mioh.,  in  Ferry 
township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  White  River,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Muskegon,  It  has  a  church,  1  or  2  flour-mills, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  498. 

Fer'ry  Bridge,  or  Fry'stone  Ferry,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Pontefract. 

Fer'ryden,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Forfar,  on  the 
South  Esk,  opposite  Montrose,  and  |  of  a  mile  from  the 
North  Sea.     Pop.  1395,  mostly  fishermen. 

Fer'ryhill,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  at 
a  railway  junction,  6  miles  S.  of  Durham.     Pop.  2646. 

Fer'ryland,  a  post-town  andportof  entry  or  Newfound- 
land, capital  of  the  district  of  Perryland,  on  the  eastern 
coast  of  the  peninsula  of  Avalon,  40  miles  S.  of  St.  John's. 
It  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  on  the  island,  having  been 
founded  by  Sir  George  Calvert,  afterwards  Lord  Baltimore, 
in  1623.  He  resided  here  for  some  time,  but  left  it  on  ac- 
count of  troubles  with  the  French,  and  went  to  Maryland, 
where  he  founded  the  city  of  Baltimore.  The  town  of  Fer- 
ryland  is  very  prettily  situated,  and  has  a  fine  and  safe 
harbor  and  a  large  cod-fishery.     Pop.  680. 

Ferry  Pass,  a  post-hamlet  and  ferry  of  Escambia  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Escambia  River  or  Bay,  8  miles  N.  of  Pensa- 
oola.     It  has  2  stores. 

Ferry  Point,  a  village  in  Hastings  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bay  of  Quinte,  1  mile  from  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Fer'ryport- on- Craig,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Tay,  here  crossed  by 
k  railway  ferry,  Hi  miles  N.E.  of  Cupar-Fife.    Pop.  2674. 

Fer'rysburg,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Ot- 
tawa CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Grand  River,  opposite 
Qrand  Haven,  and  on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  at 
'.he  W.  terminus  of  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  2 
niles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  saw- 
nills,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  boiler- factory.  Here  are  large 
orchards  of  apples  and  other  fruits,  and  near  here  is  Spring 
[iake,  6  miles  long.     Pop.  1168. 

Ferrytown  of  Cree.    See  Creetown. 

Ferry  Village,  a  village  of  Cumberland  oo..  Me.,  in 
<Jape  Elizabeth  township,  on  Casco  Bay,  1  mile  S.E.  of 
I'ortland.  A  steam  ferry-boat  plies  between  Portland  and 
this  village.     It  has  a  ship-yard. 

Fer'ry ville,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
(/oosa  River,  1 3  miles  N.W.  of  Talladega.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ferryviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  8  miles  from  Lansing,  Iowa. 

Fert^,  La,  France.    See  La  Ferte. 

«er'tig8,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co.,  Pa. 
er'tile,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Worth   co., 
I,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Mason  City.     Pop.  901. 

Fertile,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  22  miles  by 
rul  S.E.  of  Crookston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.    Pop.  273. 

Fertil'ity,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

Fertit,  or  Fertyt,  ffirHit'  or  ffirHeet',  called  also  Dar 
Fertit,  a  little-known  country  or  district  of  Eastern 
I  Africa,  S.  of  Darfoor  and  Kordofan,  watered  by  the  affluents 
of  the  Bahr-el-Abiad,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  in  a 
hilly  region,  about  lat.  9°  35'  N.,  Ion.  26°  42'  18"  E.  Fertit 
is  said  to  contain  rich  copper-mines.  It  is  in  part  unin- 
habited, but  negro  tribes,  called  Golo  and  Krej,  the  last 
I  very  degraded,  inhabit  parts  of  the  land.  Fertit  is  claimed 
I  by  the  Khedive  of  Egypt,  whose  authority  is,  however, 
I  hardly  more  than  nominal. 

Ferto  Tava,  Hungarian  for  the  Lake  op  Neusiedl. 

Ferwerd,  f^R'^iRt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Priesland,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1780. 

Ferzah,  ffir'zi,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Cabool. 

Fesa,  fSs'i  or  fi'si,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Fars,  78  miles 
8.B.  of  Sheeraz.  The  town  stands  in  a  mountain-defile, 
and  has  manufactories  of  silken,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics, 
with  a  trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  18,000. 

Fesole,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Fiesole. 

Fessa  and  Fezza,  the  Latin  names  of  Fez. 
^    Festenberg,  fSs't9n-b5RG\  or  Twardagora,  t^aR- 
^-go'rl,  a  town  of  Prussian   Silesia,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
^Hreslau.     Pop.  2153. 
I    Festi'na,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  about 


22  miles  N.  of  Fayette.     It  has  a  church  and  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fest'ns,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Crystal  City,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Hillsborough.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  man- 
ufactures of  plate-glass.     Pop.  1335. 

F^ternes,  finlRn'  (L.  Fister'na),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  near  the  Dranse,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva. 
Mines  of  lignite  are  worked,  and  there  are  some  fine  ala- 
baster grottos  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  1372. 

Feth'ard,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Cashel.  It  was  built  in  King  John's  reign,  and  haa 
an  ancient  church,  a  friary  chapel,  and  a  barrack.    P.  2106. 

Fet-Islam,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Gladova. 

Fet'lar,  one  of  the  most  northern  of  the  Shetland  Isles, 
near  North  Yell.     Pop.  517. 

Fetooka,  or  Fetouga.    See  Hood's  Isi^and. 

Fettan,  ffit'tin,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chur.     Pop.  511. 

Fetterman,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  West  Liberty. 

Fet'terman,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  98 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  tobacco-factory,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Feuchtwang,  foiKt'Mng,  or  Feuchtwangen, 
foiKt'^^&ng^^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Sulz,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Anspach.    Pop.  2535. 

Fenerbach,  foi'^r-biK^  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  2J 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  4246. 

Fenerland,  the  German  name  of  Terba  del  Fceoo. 

Feu'rabush,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Schenectady  to  Athens,  22  miles  N.  of  Athens. 

Feurs,  fuR  (anc.  Fo'rum  Seguaiano'rum),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loire,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Montbrison,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  2695, 

Feve'da,  an  island  of  British  Columbia,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Georgia,  between  Vancouver's  Island  and  the  mainland. 
Lat.  49°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  W.     Length,  32  miles. 

Fevers  ham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Fatershau. 

Fevre  (fe'v§r)  River,  Illinois,  a  small  stream  which 
rises  in  Wisconsin  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Jo 
Daviess  co.,  6  miles  below  Galena.  Steamboats  ascend  it 
to  Galena. 

Fews'viile,  a  post-village  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Keweenaw  Bay,  5  miles  N.  of  L'Anse.  It  has  a  churoh,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  fish-packing  depot. 

Feye,  fi'(?h,  or  Feye-tte,  fi'^h-o^^h,  a  small  island 
off  the  western  coast  of  Norway,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bergen. 
Lat.  60°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  44'  E.     Length,  4  miles. 

Fey'Iers'  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo..  Me. 

Fez,  ffiz  (Arab.  Faa,  fis;  L.  Fea'aa,  or  Fez'za),  an  im- 
portant city  of  Morocco,  in  reality  the  principal  city  in  the 
empire,  and  one  of  its  capitals,  lat.  34°  6'  3"  N.,  Ion.  5^ 
1'  11"  W.,  100  miles  E.  of  the  Atlantic,  85  miles  S.  of  th« 
Mediterranean,  and  245  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Morocco. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  the  slope  of  several  hills,  whose 
acclivities  are  covered  with  orange  groves,  orchards,  and 
gardens.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  is  in  two  nearly 
distinct  parts.  Old  Fez  in  the  N.  and  New  Fez  in  a  valley  to 
the  S.  The  streets  are  narrow,  dark,  and  extremely  dirty. 
The  houses  are  high,  with  flat  roofs,  on  which  the  families 
spread  carpets  in  summer  to  enjoy  the  cool  breezes  of  th« 
evening.  There  are,  it  is  said,  upwards  of  200  mosques  in 
the  city,  the  principal  of  which  is  called  El  Carobeen,  con- 
taining 300  pillars,  a  number  of  gates,  and  2  handsome 
fountains  in  the  court.  Within  this  mosque  is  a  covered 
place  for  women  who  may  choose  to  participate  in  the  pub- 
lic prayers,  an  indulgence  not  allowed  in  any  other  Moham- 
medan place  of  worship.  The  most  frequented  mosque  is 
that  of  Sultan  Muley  Edris,  the  founder  of  Fez,  who  ia 
venerated  as  a  saint,  and  whose  remains  are  deposited  here. 
Its  minaret  is  the  finest  and  loftiest  in  Fez.  This  mosque 
is  the  most  sacred  sanctuary  in  all  the  country,  affording 
safety  and  protection  to  the  most  atrocious  criminals.  The 
only  other  remarkable  building  to  be  seen  at  Fez  is  the 
Sultan's  palace,  situated  on  an  elevation  in  the  new  city. 
It  is  an  immense  structure,  composed  of  a  great  number  of 
court-yards,  some  half  finished,  others  going  to  decay.  Its 
gates  are  always  kept  closed,  no  persons  but  those  particu- 
larly privileged  being  admitted.  There  is  another  palace, 
between  the  old  and  the  new  town,  and  still  a  third,  in  the 
southern  suburb.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with  water  from 
the  river  Fez.  There  are  also  a  great  number  of  public 
baths.  Fez  contains  several  hospitals,  one  of  which  is  very 
richly  endowed,  used  for  the  treatment  of  lunatics.  There 
are  nearly  200  caravansaries,  or  inns,  in  which  the  guest 
furnishes  his  own  food  and  bedclothes.  The  manufactures 
consist  of  woollen  cloaks,  sashes,  silk  handkerchiefs,  slippers, 


FEZ 


1174 


FIE 


red  caps,  extensively  used  throughout  the  north  of  Africa, 
and,  from  the  place  of  manufacture,  named  fezes;  coarse 
linen,  fine  carpets,  common  earthenware,  saddlery,  and  cop- 
per utensils.  Fez,  founded  in  793  by  Muley  Edris,  was  the 
capital  of  an  independent  state,  and  subsequently  became 
BO  famous  as  a  seat  of  Arabian  learning  that  its  schools  of 
philosophy  and  physical  science  were  resorted  to  from  all 
the  Mohammedan  states  of  Africa  and  Spain.  The  remains 
of  its  institutions  still  attract  round  them  a  number  of  Mo- 
hammedan doctors,  and  the  schools  are  frequented  by  a 
great  many  scholars;  but  the  studies  are  confined  to  the 
Koran  and  its  commentators,  with  a  slight  tincture  of  gram- 
mar and  logic,  metaphysics,  alchemy,  and  astrology.  Fez 
is  considered  a  holy  town  by  the  Western  Arabs,  and  resorted 
to  by  them  as  a  place  of  pilgrimage.  After  its  conquest,  in 
1548,  by  Morocco,  it  commenced  to  decline,  but  recovered 
for  a  time  after  the  fall  of  the  kingdom  of  Cordova  and  in 
consequence  of  the  edicts  of  Philip  II.  against  the  Moham- 
medans. The  population  is  estimated  at  100,000,  composed 
of  Moors  and  Arabs,  65,000,  Berbers,  &o.,  10,000,  Jews, 
10,000,  negroes,  5000. 

Fez,  Kingdom  of,  once  an  independent  state,  now  the 
most  northern  section  of  the  empire  of  Morocco ;  bounded 
N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E.  by  Algeria,  S.  by  the  river 
Omer-begh  or  Morbeya,  which  separates  it  from  Morocco 
proper,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  It  was  conquered  and 
united  to  Morocco  in  1548. 

Fezarah,  or  Fetzara,  f4-z9,'rS,,  a  lake  of  Algeria,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bona.  It  is  about  30  miles  long  and  24 
broad,  very  shallow,  and  somewhat  salt,  and  abounds  with 
flamingoes  and  other  wild  fowl,  and  its  shores  with  snipe  and 
wild  boar. 

Fezzan,  fSz^z&n'  (ano.  Phazania  or  Phcuania),  a  king- 
dom of  Northern  Africa,  usually  considered  as  lying  between 
lat.  24°  and  31°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  17°  E.,  being  about460 
miles  in  length  and  300  miles  in  breadth.  It  is  bounded 
by  Tripoli  on  the  N.  (the  Jebel-es-Soda  dividing  the  two 
countries),  and  on  all  other  sides  by  the  Sahara,  or  Great 
Desert.  In  the  northern  part  there  are  three  ranges  of 
mountains,  perfectly  barren,  of  irregular  form,  occasionally 
broken  into  detached  masses,  and  sometimes  rising  into 
conical  peaks  from  1200  to  1500  feet  in  height.  To  the 
S.  of  these  ranges  the  country  consists  of  extensive  sandy 
plains,  destitute  of  vegetation,  alternating  with  ridges  of 
low  hills,  the  valleys  of  which  contain  nearly  all  the  cul- 
tivable soil  in  the  territory.  Dates  are  the  principal 
produce,  and  form  the  chief  food  of  the  inhabitants ;  small 
quantities  of  maize  and  barley  are  also  grown.  Figs,  pome- 
granates, lemons,  and  legumes  are  plentiful,  as  are  also  pot- 
herbs and  garden-vegetables.  There  are  no  rivers  or  brooks, 
and  few  natural  springs ;  but  water  is  found  in  abundance 
at  various  depths  from  10  to  20  feet.  In  summer  the  heat 
is  extreme,  but  in  winter  the  cold  is  pretty  severe.  Rain 
seldom  falls;  in  some  districts  it  does  not  rain  for  years 
together.  The  wild  animals,  which  are  abundant,  are 
lions,  panthers,  hyenas,  jackals,  tiger-cats,  gazelles,  and 
foxes.  A  considerable  trtide  is  carried  on  by  caravans  with 
Timbuctoo  and  Bornoo ;  while  Moorzook,  the  capital,  is  the 
rendezvous  of  caravans  coming  from  Cairo,  Bengazi,  Trip- 
oli, Ghadamis,  Tooat,  and  Soodan.  The  natives  of  Fezzan 
are  of  a  mixed  race,  between  those  of  various  African 
countries.  The  principal  towns  are  Moorzook,  towards  the 
southern  boundary,  and  Sockna,  towards  the  northern,  dis- 
tant from  each  other  about  230  miles.  Fezzan  is  governed 
by  a  chief,  who  has  the  title  and  exercises  the  power  of  a 
sultan  within  his  own  territory,  but  is  dependent  on  the 
Viceroy  of  Tripoli,  to  whom  he  pays  tribute.  In  time  of 
war,  the  sultan  is  said  to  be  able  to  bring  from  15,000  to 
20,000  men  into  the  field.  Fezzan  is  often  spoken  of  as  an 
oasis,  but  it  is  really  a  desert  enclosing  many  oases.     The 

?opulation  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  75,000  to 
50,000. Inhab.  Fez^aneer'. 

Fiaccone,  fe-8,k-ko'ni  {L.Flaco),  a  town  of  Italy,  7 
miles  S.  of  Novi.     Pop.  985. 

Fiambala,  fee-im-bi'li,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, in  Catamarca,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Tucuman.     P.  2523. 

Fiandra,  the  Italian  name  of  Flanders. 

Fiano,  fe-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Turin.     Pop.  796. 

Fianona,  fe-i-no'ni,  or  Flunona,  floo-no'nl,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  on  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  19  miles  S.W.  of 
Fiume.     Pop.  1256. 

Fiatt',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Joshua 
township,  4  miles  N.  of  Cuba  Station,  and  about  32  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ficarazziy  fee-ki-rit'see,  a  maritime  village  of  Sicily, 
R  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  1528. 


Ficcarolo,  fik-ki-ro'lo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rovigo,  on  the  Po,  hert 
crossed  by  a  flying  bridge.     Pop.  3471. 

Fichtel'Berg,  fiK't^l-bfiRG^  or  Fichtel-Gebirge, 
fiK't§l-ga-be5R'Ga,  a  mountain-range  in  Bavaria,  forming 
a  kind  of  central  nucleus  from  which  the  principal  ranges 
of  Germany  diverge.  It  commences  near  the  town  of  Bai- 
reuth,  and,  stretching  N.E.  for  about  36  miles,  terminates 
on  the  Bohemian  frontiers,  where  the  Erz-Gebirge  begins 
and  continues  the  chain  in  the  same  direction.  Its  principal 
summits  are  the  Oohsenkopf  (ox'§n-kopf\  i.e.,  "ox-head"), 
3397  feet,  and  the  Schnee-Berg  (shni'bjRG,  "  snow-moun- 
tain"), 3450  feet  high.  No  less  than  four  important  rivers 
here  take  their  rise.  Of  these  the  Main  or  Mayn,  which 
is  the  largest,  flows  W.  towards  the  Rhine ;  the  Naab,  S. 
towards  the  Danube ;  and  both  the  Eger  and  the  Saale  to 
the  Elbe,  though  by  different  directions,  the  one  E.  and  the 
other  N.  The  Fichtel-Gebirge  takes  its  name  {Fichte  or 
Fichtel,  "pine")  from  the  pine  fbrests  with  which  much 
of  it  is  covered. 

Fick'len,  a  station  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Washington,  Ga. 

Ficulle,  fe-kool'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Orvieto.     Pop.  2284. 

Fida,  fee'di,  or  Hida,  hee'di  (Chin.  Feitan  ?  fi-tAn'), 
a  province  of  Japan,  in  the  central  part  of  the  island  of 
Hondo,  covered  with  well-wooded  mountains.    Pop.  98,378. 

Fidala,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Fidallah. 

FidalgOy  fe-d&l'go,  a  large  harbor  of  Alaska,  on  its 
southern  coast,  N.E.  of  Prince  William  Sound,  in  lat.  60° 
50'  N.,  Ion.  145°  45'  W.,  and  bearing  the  name  of  its  Spanish 
discoverer  in  1790. 

Fidalgo  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Skagit  co.,  Washing- 
ton, is  on  Fidalgo  Island,  in  the  N.  part  of  Paget  Sound. 
The  island  is  about  15  miles  long.     Its  soil  is  fertile. 

Fidallah,  fe-d&ri&,  or  Fidala,  fe-d&'li,  a  walled  sea- 
port of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  near  the  Atlantic,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Rabatt. 

Fiddich,  fid'diK,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  flowing 
through  the  beautiful  vale  of  Glen-Piddich  into  the  Spey. 

Fiddichow,  fid'de-Kov\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  on  the  Oder,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2813. 

Fiddletown,  Amador  co.,  Cal.     See  Olbta. 

Fiddri,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Fittr^. 

Fidel'ity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  3  miles 
from  Medora  Station,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It 
has  2  ehurches. 

Fidelity,  a  post-oflBce  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas. 

Fidelity,  a  post- village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  (di- 
rect) S.  of  Carthage, 

Fidelity,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

Fidelity,  Miami  co.,  0.    See  Fredericktown. 

Fideris,  fe-di'ris,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Orisons,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chur.     Pop.  366. 

Fidji  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Feejee  Islands. 

Fido  Kastro,  fee'do  kis'tro,  a  ruined  fort  of  Epirns 
on  the  northern  shore  of  the  gulf,  at  the  mouth  of  the  old 
river  of  Arta,  and  supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Am'hracu*. 

Field,  a  Norwegian  term.     See  Fjeld. 

Field  (feeld)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Fielden,  feeld'^n,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Fielding,  feeld'ing,  a  village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  III.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Pacific  Railroad,  71 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Davis  Junc- 
tion.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fieldon,  feeld'pn,  a  post-village  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Jersey  ville,  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  common  school,  several  stores,  <fcc. 

Fieldon,  a  township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.    P.  278. 

Fieldsborough,  feeldz'biir-rfih,  a  post-hamlet  of  New 
Castle  CO.,  Del.,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Fieldsborough,  or  White  Hill,  a  borough  of  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.  J.,  in  Bordentown  township,  on  the  Delawar* 
River,  and  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  2  or  3  milei 
S.W.  of  Bordentown.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-forge,  and 
a  machine-shop.  ., , 

Field's  Corner,  a  station  on  a  branch  of  t^^  uw 
Colony  Railroad,  4  miles  from  the  terminal  station  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass.  f. 

Field's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Milton  oo.,«». 

Field's  Dale,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  7inll«« 
S.  of  Waverly.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Fields  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 
Field's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  P».)(H. 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  WilU»o>^ 


port 


Field's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Waller  co.,  Tex. 


PIE 


1175 


FIL 


I  Fiery's,  fi'?r-iz,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
Jhe  Hagerstown  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
J  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

I  Fiesole,  fe-ls'o-le  or  fyfis'o-li,  or  Fesole,  fSs'o-Ii 
•anc.  F«s'ul«),  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Florence, 
n  a  hill  commanding  a  magnificent  view  of  the  Arno 
'alley.  Pop.  13,180.  It  was  anciently  one  of  the  twelve 
jirincipal  cities  of  Etruria,  and  has  remains  of  cyclopean 
rails  and  of  a  Eoman  amphitheatre,  with  a  cathedral  of 
•he  eleventh  century,  adorned  with  excellent  sculpture  and 
)aintiDgs,  a  commercial  hall,  and  many  country-houses  of 
ibe  inhabitants  of  Florence.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
I  Fif)  a  town  of  Arabia.  See  Hofhoof. 
I  Fife,  fif,  or  Fifeshire,  flfshir,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
forming  a  peninsula  on  its  eastern  coast,  between  the  Firth 
f  Tay  on  the  N.  and  the  Firth  of  Forth  on  the  S.,  and  having 
he  North  Sea  on  the  E.  Area,  513  square  miles.  The 
lorthern  portion  is  formed  of  old  red  sandstone.  From  the 
jlclen  westward  it  consists  of  the  coal  formation,  with  lime- 
tone,  coal,  and  ironstone.  The  whole  county  is  inter- 
eoted  by  trap  rocks.  The  Oohills,  the  Lomonds,  and 
ijargo  Law  are  the  highest  summits.  The  principal  rivers 
'J9  the  Tay,  Eden,  Leven,  and  Forth.  The  "  How  of  Fife," 
jraversed  by  the  Eden,  is  particularly  productive.  Fife- 
Ihire  contains  thirteen  royal  burghs,  and  an  unusual  num- 
ber of  thriving  towns  and  villages,  the  chief  of  which  are 
Svpar-Fife  (the  county  town),  Dunfermline,  St.  Andrews, 
^  rkcaldy,  and  Elie.  Fife  sends  one  member  to  the  House 
ft  Commons,  and  its  burghs  join  in  sending  three  others. 
?(ip.  in  1881,  171,931;  in  1891,  187,320. 
I  Fife  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
d.ch.,  on  a  small  lake,  in  Fife  Lake  township,  on  the 
iiand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Walton, 
ii  d  21  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
b  aded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and  furni- 
fure  factories.  Pop.  in  1890,  394;  of  the  township,  810. 
j  Fife-Pfess,  fif-ness',  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
&!fe,  on  the  North  Sea,  in  lat.  56°  17'  N.,  Ion.  2°  36'  W. 
piyond  it  is  the  dangerous  ridge  called  Carr  Rocks. 
!  Fife's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  about  50 
iailes  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Fife  shire,  a  county  of  Scotland.  See  Fife. 
I  Fi'field,  a  post-village  of  Price  co..  Wis.,  13  miles  by 
la  1  N.  of  Phillips.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
wper  office,  a  high  school,  and  lumber-mills.  Pop.  in 
.8  JO,  646. 

I  Fifteen  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  about 
JO  miles  N.E.  of  Marshalltown. 

[  Fig,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
;eferson. 

I  Fig'art,  a  post-office  of  Cambria  co..  Pa. 
:   Figasi-Sima,  fe-gi'see^-see'mi  (Chinese,  Toong-Tao, 
bcng-t4'o),  an  island  of  Japan,  Goto  group,  a  little  N.W. 
I  Kioo-Sioo,  and  belonging  to  the  province  of  Fizen. 
I  -Figeac,  fee^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  on  a  rail- 
ray,  and  on  the  Selle,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cahors.     It  is  situ- 
ited  in  a  deep  valley,   surrounded    by   rocky   vine-clad 
^eights.     It  has  remains  of  fortifications,  numerous  an- 
^ue  dwellings,  and  public  edifices.     Outside  the  town  are 
jwo  remarkable  obelisks.     Pop.  5660. 
!  Fighig,  Figig,  or  Fignig,  fee^gheeg',  a  town  of 
porth  Africa,  in  Morocco,  country  of  Segelmesa,  S.  of  the 
litlas,  165  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fez.     A  considerable  trade  is 
lone  with  Fez,  Tafllet,  and  Tooat,  and  it  is  a  rendezvous 
i3r  the  Mecca  and  Timbuctoo  caravans.     The  people  are 
wlike,  and  adepts  in  mining. 
j  Fighine,  a  village  of  Tuscany.    See  Figline. 
;  Fight'ing  Island,  an  island  of  Ontario,  in  the  Detroit 
liver,  3  miles  below  Sandwich. 

Figline,  fe-glee'ni,  or  Fighine,  fe-ghee'ni,  a  town 
|f  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  25  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Florence, 
ear  the  Arno.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk.     Pop.  9723. 

Fignan,  a  town  of  France.    See  Finhan. 

Figo,  feeVo',  or  Higo,  hee'go'  (Chinese,  Fei-Heoo,  W- 
e-oo'),  a  province  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  about  60 
files  long.     Chief  town,  Koomamotoo.     Pop.  935,037. 
j  Figueira,  fe-gi'e-r&,  a  village  and  seaport  of  Portugal, 
p  Algarve,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Vincent. 

Figueira,  also  called  Figneira  da  Fos  de  Alon- 
lego,  fe-gi'e-ri  d4  fos  dk  mon-di'go,  a  town  of  Portugal, 

3  Beira,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego,  which  forms  its  port, 

4  miles  S.W.  of  Coimbra.  Pop.  4318.  It  has  an  active 
sport  trade  in  salt,  oil,  wine,  and  fruits,  and  is  a  favorite 

.Jathing-place. 

^  Figneiro-dos-Vinhos,  fe-g4'e-ro-doce-veen'yoce,  a 
)wn  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  97  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon. 
op.  2410. 


Figneras,  (e-gk'iks,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain,  and  one 
of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  Europe,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.K. 
of  Gerona,  near  the  French  frontier.  Pop.  10,349.  It  is 
situated  in  a  rich  plain  of  olives  and  rice.  Its  principal 
edifices  are  a  large  citadel,  built  by  Ferdinand  VI.,  vast 
arsenals,  magazines,  and  barracks.  It  was  taken  by  the 
French  in  1808,  1811,  and  1823. 

Figuig,  a  town  and  district  of  Morocco.    See  Fiohis. 

Figurina,  fe-goo-ree'n&,  an  island  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
being  the  most  N.  in  the  New  Siberian  Archipelago.  Lat. 
76°  15'  N.;  Ion.  140°  40'  E. 

Fiji,  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Feejee. 

Filadelfia,  fe-14-dSl'fe-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  13  miles  S.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  6028. 

Filadelfia,  Pennsylvania.    See  Philadelphia. 

Filehne,  fe-li'n§h  (Polish,  Wulen,  ♦oo'l^n,  or  Wielen, 
^ee'l^n),  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  an  island  in  the  Netze,  and 
on  a  railway,  province  and  45  miles  N.W.  of  Posen.  Pop. 
4250.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth  and  lace. 

Fi'ler  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Manistee  River,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lud- 
ington.     It  has  steam  lumber-mills  and  an  elevator. 

Fi'ley,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  East  Riding,  on  a  tongue  of  land  projecting  into  the 
North  Sea,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Scarborough.    Pop.  2481. 

Filibi,  a  Turkish  name  for  Philippopolis. 

Filicarise  Rhedonnm.    SeeFouo^REs. 

Filingia,  the  Latin  name  of  Fillinoes. 

Filipstad,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Philipstad. 

Filiyas,  fll-4eeV4s',  a  river  of  Asia,  with  a  village  of 
the  same  name  at  its  mouth,  falls  into  the  Black  Sea  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Amastra.     Length,  75  miles. 

Fil'kins,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Burford.     Pop.  629. 

Fil'lan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  enters  Loch 
Tay  after  an  E.  course  of  10  miles. 

Fille-Fjeld,  fil'l^h-fe-Sld',  a  mountain-plateau  of  Nor- 
way, connected  with  the  Sogne-Fjeld  on  the  N.  and  the 
Hardanger-Fjeld  on  the  S.  The  summits  vary  in  height 
from  4900  feet  to  6300  feet.  The  central  summit  of  Sule- 
tind,  in  which  the  Lerdal  takes  its  rise,  is  6043  feet  high. 

Fil'ley,  a  post- village  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  14  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  301. 

Fillinges,  feelMinzh'  (L.  Filin'gia),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  12  miles  E.  of  Geneva.     P.  1931. 

Fill'more,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Root  or  Hokah  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  which  touches  its  south- 
ern border.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here 
abundant.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  terminates  at  Preston,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,24,887;  in  1880,28,162;  in  1890, 
25,966. 

Fillmore,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska. 
Area,  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  West  Fork 
of  the  Big  Blue  River  and  by  Turkey  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  is  un- 
cultivated. Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  Capital,  Ge- 
neva.    Pop.  in  1870,  238 ;  in  1880, 10,204 ;  in  1890, 1 6,022. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Ramsey.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.     Pop.  650. 

Fillmore,  apost-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  on  the  Terre  Haute  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  32 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.     Pop.  217. 

Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  oo.,  Iowa,  about 

17  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Fillmore,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1043. 
Fillmore,  a  station  in  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  opposite  Cairo,  HI. 
Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  about 

18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Fillmore,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mioh.  Pop. 
1719.     It  contains  Fillmore  Centre. 

Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Irving 
township,  10  miles  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  saw-mills  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  Root  River,  about  24  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  2i  miles  N.  of  WykofiF  Station  of 


FIL 


1176 


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tbe  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad.  It  has  2  churohes  and 
ft  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1177. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  about  22 
miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  chair-factory,  and  a  wagon -factory.     Pop.  271. 

Fillmore^  a  township  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.    Pop.  767. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N,Y.,  in 
Hume  Township,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  about  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  2  mills,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  215. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  16  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Bellefonte.     It  has  2  churohes  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Dunlap,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Millard  co.,  Utah, 
about  120  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  2  flouring-mills. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Wis.,  in 
Farmington  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  about  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  church  and  manu- 
factures of  cigars  and  wagons. 

Fillmore,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co,,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Fort  Fred  Steele. 
Elevation,  6885  feet. 

Fillmore  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Allegan.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fill'son,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Logansport  to  Richmond,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Logansport. 

Fil'more,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  of.  Dighton. 

Filor,  fiJ^or',  or  Falour,  fiMoor',  a  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, on  the  Sutlej,  78  miles  S.E.  of  Amritsir. 

Fils,  flls,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  flows  W.,  and  joins 
the  Neckar  6  miles  E.  of  Esslingen.     Length,  30  miles. 

Finale,  fe-n3,'li,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Albenga,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  It  consists 
of  three  adjacent  villages,  Finale-Borgo  or  Finalborgo, 
Finale-Pia  or  Finalpia,  and  Finale-Marino  or  Finalmarina. 
It  has  a  collegiate  church,  ruined  forts,  a  small  harbor,  and 
some  trade  in  fruits.     Pop.  2251. 

Finale,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  near  the  Po,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Modena.  Pop.  12,984.  It  has  manufactures  of 
silk  and  other  fabrics,  and  an  active  general  trade. 

Fifiana,  feen-yi'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Almeria,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Almirez.     Pop.  3440. 

Fin'castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Greenoastle.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Fincastle,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about  46 
miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  2  miles  from  South  Fincastle 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  140. 

Fincastle,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
36  miles  N.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  16  residences. 

Fincastle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Palestine.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Fincastle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Botetourt  oo.,  Va., 
Is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  which  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  contaim  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  about  800. 

Finch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Ark.,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  De  la  Plaine  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Finch'er,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  6a. 

Finch'ford,  a  post-village  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls. 
It  has  2  general  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 

Finch'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Kv.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Shelbyville. 

Fin'derne,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Raritan  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
33  miles  from  New  York  City,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Somerville. 

Findhorn,  find-horn',  a  river  of  Scotland,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  45  miles,  enters  Moray  Firth. 

F-indhorn,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Moray,  on  the 
Findhorn,  at  its  mouth,  4  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Forres.  Pop. 
701.  The  site  of  the  village  has  been  changed  on  account 
of  the  encroachments  of  sand  from  the  sea. 

Find'lay,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  0.,  is  on  Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize  River, 
45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Toledo,  37  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 


Fremont,  and  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lima.  Findlay  containi 
22  churches,  graded  schools,  a  college,  3  national  banks 
a  private  bank,  13  glass-factories  with  an  output  of 
$3,000,000  and  employing  over  2000  people,  a  seamlesi- 
tube-works,  engine-works,  wire-nail-works,  table-works, 
4  flour-mills,  tile-works,  3  French-brick-works,  a  mask- 
factory,  furniture-works,  machine-shops,  brass-works, 
steam-boiler-works,  potteries,  and  3  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  4633;  in  1890,  18,553. 

Find'ley,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1711. 
It  includes  Clinton,  and  has  a  bed  of  good  bituminous  coaL 

Findley,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop,  1393,  ex- 
clusive of  the  borough  of  Mercer. 

Findley's  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co,, 
N,Y,,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Jamestown.  Here  is  a  lake 
of  the  same  name.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  450. 

Findoe,  fln'dB^ehj  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, 15  miles  N.E.  of  Stavanger,  in  the  Bukke-Fiord.  P.  1150, 

Findon,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Finnan. 

Fine,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  tannery  and 
lumber-mills.  The  township  contains  Andersonville  and  a 
pop.  of  760, 

Fine  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co,,  Va. 

Fine,  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Fyne. 

Finerive,  a  town  of  Madagascar.     See  Fenerif. 

Fine's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  of  Fine's  Creek  township,  1048. 

Fines  Remorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Fishes. 

Finestrat,  fe-nis-trit',  a  town  of  Spain,  23  miles  N.K 
of  Alicante,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2531. 

Finesville,  f  inz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  1  mile  from  Riegelsville  Station,  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  moulding-knives,  4c. 

Fingal,  fing^gawl',  a  district  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster, 
CO.  of  Dublin,  N.  of  the  Liffey.  The  inhabitants  were  origi- 
nally Finnish  or  Norwegian  settlers  (whence  the  name), 
and  they  still  retain  a  dialect  and  other  marks  of  foreign 
origin.     Fingal  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  Plunkett  family. 

Fingal,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  7  mil"* 
S.W.  of  St.  Thomas.     It  has  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mi: 
an  iron-foundry,  and  several  factories  and  stores.    Pop.  5i 

Fingerville,  fing'g^r-vll,  a  post- village  of  Spartanburg 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  North  Pacolet  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Spar- 
tanburg. It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-mill,  and 
a  flouring-  mill. 

Fin'goland,  a  region  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Cape  Colony, 
in  the  Trans-Key  Territory,  between  the  rivers  Key  and 
Bashee.  Area,  1050  square  miles.  It  is  mainly  inhabited 
by  Fingoes,  or  Amafingu,  a  native  people  formerly  the  ab- 
ject slaves  of  other  Caffre  tribes,  but  freed  by  the  British 
troops.     Pop.  43,971. 

Finhan,  feen'6N»',  or  Fignan,  feen^yfis"',  a  town  ot 
France,  department  of  Tam-et-Garonne,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Montauban.     Pop,  1714, 

Finistere,  finMs-taia',  originally  Finisterre  (L. 
Fi'nis  Ter'rse,  i.e.,  "  land's  end"),  a  department  of  France, 
forming  its  N.W.  angle,  and  part  of  the  old  province  of 
Bretagne,  bounded  N.  by  the  English  Channel,  S.  and 
W.  by  the  Atlantic,  in  which  it  comprises  numerous  sni 
islands.  Area,  2690  square  miles.  Coasts  steep,  much  i 
dented  on  the  W.,  presenting  numerous  promontories  auu 
excellent  harbors.  Surface  little  elevated ;  traversed  by  the 
low  mountains  of  Arr^e  and  Noires ;  highest  point,  984  feet. 
It  is  formed  by  the  basins  of  numerous  rivers,  the  chief 
of  which  are  the  Landerneau,  Aulne,  Odet,  and  E116,  all 
navigable  near  their  mouths.  Horses  and  cattle  are  exten- 
sively reared.  The  minerals  comprise  coal,  lead,  granite, 
and  slate.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  5  arron- 
dissements  of  Brest,  Chateaulin,  Landerneau,  Quimper,  ai 
Quimperlg.     Capital,  Quimper.     Pop.  (1891)  727,012. 

Finistere,  Cape,  France.     See  Cape  FisiSTiRE. 

Finisterre,  Cape,  Spain.    See  Cape  Finisterre. 

Finkenw3.rder,  flnk'§n-'*5R'd§r,  an  island  in  the  Elbi-, 
belonging  partly  to  Hamburg  and  partlj^  to  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over. It  is  protected  by  a  surrounding  wall  20  feet  high. 
Pop.  2113. 

Finks'bnrg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  oBiWM 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W,  of  Baltimore 
It  has  2  churches. 

Fink's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W,  Va, 

Finla'gan,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  in  the  island  of  Islaji 
and  with  an  island  containing  ruins  of  a  castle  of  the  Lo^o 
of  the  Isles. 

Finland  (Fr.  Finlande,  fiN^ftNd' ;  Finnish,  Stiomf 
soo-o-mi'ni ;  L.  Fin'nia,  Fino'nia,  Finlan'dia),  a  count  , 


FIN 


1177 


FIO 


•f  Europe,  forming  a  part  of  the  empire  of  Russia,  whose 
,  sovereign  is  Grand  Duke  of  Finland.     It  is  bounded  N.  by 
I  Norway,  W.  by  Sweden  and  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  S.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Finland ;  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  650  miles ;  breadth, 
near  the  centre,  only  112  miles,  but  towards  the  S.,  where  it 
is  greatest,  370  miles ;  area,  144,222  square  miles.     It  in- 
cludes a  large  part  of  Russian  Lapland.     The  coast  gener- 
ally presents  a  face  of  bold  and  precipitous  granite  cliffs, 
and  is  lined  by  numberless  small  islands  and  rocks,  which 
•  make  the  navigation  extremely  dangerous.     The  interior 
is  a  vast  table-land,  with  an  average  height  of  from  400  to 
'  600  feet  above  the  sea.     It  is  not,  however,  by  any  means  a 
'  monotonous  flat.     The  surface  is  much  broken  by  hills  and 
Talleys,  and  occasionally  rises  into  mountains,  of  which  a 
i  chain  at  Maanselke,  nearly  4000  feet  high,  is  continued  S., 
I  though  with  several  interruptions,  and  terminates  in  lofty 
clifl's  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.     Many  of  the  heights  are 
bare,  but  the  greater  part  of  those  of  moderate  elevation  are 
I  covered  with  forests,  chiefly  of  pine  and  fir,  and,  in  combi- 
I  nation  with  the  vast  number  of  lakes  enclosed  by  their  bases, 
,  often  form  very  romantic  scenery.     These  sheets  of  water, 
both  by  their  number  and  individual  extent,  furnish  one  of 
i  the  most  characteristic  features  of  the  country.     The  most 
!  important  are  Lake  Ladoga,  the  greater  part  of  which  be- 
'  longs  to  the  grand  duchy,  Saima,  Pianajarvi  (Piajanejarwi), 
,  all  in  the  S.,  where  the  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  occu- 
pied by  water  ;  the  UleA,  near  the  centre,  and  the  Enara, 
,  in  the  extreme  N.     The  lakes  of  Finland  form  the  chief 
I  basins  for  receiving  the  far  greater  part  of  the  streams. 
I  Their  waters  are  afterwards  discharged  into  the  sea  by 
rivers  generally  of  no  great  length,  but  very  wide  and  deep. 
The  climate  varies  much,  according  to  locality.     In  Lap- 
and,  in  the  N.,  it  is  polar,  but  somewhat  modified.    Farther 
I  i.  the  winter  begins  in  the  middle  of  October  and  continues 
I  ,0  the  middle  of  May ;  but  even  during  the  coldest  season 
;  Jiaws  of  several  days'  duration  are  not  unfrequent.    Spring 
(  .ppears  suddenly,  and  continues  for  about  a  month,  leaving 
i '  inly  about  four  months  for  summer  and  harvest.     The  sum- 
(;aer  months  are  hot  and  dry.     The  soil  is  very  fertile;  con- 
liderable  quantities  of  barley  and  rye  are  exported,  and 
]Mnland,  when  in  possession  of  Sweden,  was  regarded  as  its 
I  most  important  granary.     A  great  part  of  the  land,  owing 
(to  the  nature  of  the  surface  and  climate,  however,  is  fit  only 
lor  pasture.     In  the  N.,  where  vegetation  is  almost  confined 
jto  the  growth  of  moss  and  lichen,  other  domestic  animals 
f.re  superseded  by  the  reindeer,  of  which  great  herds  are 
l;ept.    The  forests  are  very  extensive,  and  furnish  one  of 
the  chief  sources  of  public  revenue.     In  addition  to  timber, 
chiefly  fir,  large  quantities  of  potash,  pitch,  and  resin  are 
obtained  from  them,  and  form  important  articles  of  ex- 
port.    The  minerals  aie  chiefly  confined  to  iron,  lead,  sul- 
jhur,  nitre,  slate,  and  granite;  a  great  number  of  excellent 
Iquarries  of  granite  have  been  opened,  chiefly  on  the  borders 
jof  the  lakes  or  sea-coasts,  and  from  them  blocks  of  extraor- 
idinary  magnitude  and  beauty  are  obtained.     Several  lines 
!of  railway  are  in  operation.     The  inhabitants  of  the  W. 
jCMst  are  of  Swedish  and  those  of  the  S.E.  of  Russian  ori- 
gin; but  the  far  larger  portion,  amounting  to  nearly  five- 
jsfxths  of  the  whole,  are  Finns,  with  a  slight  mixture  of 
Laplanders  and  Karelians.     Up  to  the  twelfth  century  the 
Finns  lived  under  their  own  sovereigns,  and  were  pagans. 
Their  conversion  to  Christianity  took  place  about  the  middle 
of  that  century,  after  their  conquest  by  the  Swedes.     They 
are  almost  all  Lutherans.     In  1721  the  part  of  Finland 
jWhioh  forms  the  province  of  Wiborg  was  secured  to  Peter 
jthe  Great  by  the  treaty  of  Nystad.     The  remainder  was 
loonquered  from  the  Swedes  in  1809,  and  now  forms  a  division 
jof  the  Russian  empire,  but  preserves  its  ancient  constitu- 
ition  intact.    The  government  is  on  the  whole  exceedingly 
jliberal,  the  Russian  authorities  favoring  the  Finnish  or  pop- 
ular party  rather  than  the  Swedish  or  aristocratic  element. 
jThe  Finns  are  of  the  Ugrian  or  Altai-Uralian  stock.    Their 
jlanguage  and  literature,  as  well  as  the  Swedish,  are  taught 
(in  the  public  schools.     A  governor-general,  representing  the 
jemperor,  resides  in  Helsingfors,  the  capital.     Administra- 
tively, Finland  is  subdivided  into  8  Isens  or  provinces.    Pop. 

in  1883,2,111,240;  in  1891,  2,412,135. Adj.  Finn'ish, 

Fi.n'landish,  Finnic,  and  Fino'nian;  inhab.  Finn  or  Fin- 
i.ANDER.  The  Gulf  of  Finland  is  one  of  the  large  arms  of 
.the  Baltic  Sea  (which  see). 

j  Fin'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
jdirect  N.  by  E.  of  Lafayette. 

J    Finley,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1226. 
Finley,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2670. 
Finley,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1278. 
Finley,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  843. 
Finley  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Webster  co.,  runs 
75 


southwestward  through  Christian  co.,  and  enters  the  Jamei 
Fork  of  White  River  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield. 

Finley  Station,  a  post-ofBce  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bridgeton. 

Fin'leyville,  a  small  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  in  Union  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Castle  Shannon 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Fin'mark  (Dan.  and  Sw.  Finmarken,  fin'maR^k$n ; 
Norw.  Finmarkens,  fin'maRk^^ns),  an  extensive  province 
or  amt  of  Norway,  forming  the  northernmost  portion  of 
Continental  Europe,  situated  between  the  Arctic  Ocean  and 
Russian  Lapland,  and  bounded  S.W.  by  the  province  of 
Nordland.  Area,  18,306  square  miles.  It  includes  Nor- 
wegian Lapland,  and  comprises  numerous  islands,  on  the 
northernmost  of  which  is  North  Cape,  Important  fisheries 
are  established  here,  and  give  employment  to  the  greater 
part  of  the  population.  Many  reindeer  are  bred  in  Fin- 
mark.     Chief  town,  Hammerfest.     Pop.  24,071. 

Finn,  a  lake  and  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal.  The 
lake  is  2  miles  in  length.  The  river  proceeds  from  it,  and, 
after  an  E.  course  of  24  miles,  joins  the  Foyle  near  Lifibrd. 

Fiu'nan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  flows  through  the  valley 
of  Glenfinnan  into  the  E.  extremity  of  Loch  Shiel. 

Fin'nan,  or  Fin'don,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the 
sea,  CO.  and  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  famous 
for  its  smoked  haddocks. 

Fin'neywood,  a  post-oflice  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Finnia,  Finonia,  Finlandia.    See  Finland. 

Finn's  Point,  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Delaware 
River,  4  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Salem  Creek.  Here  is 
a  United  States  fortification ;  also  a  cemetery  where  the 
bodies  of  Confederate  prisoners  from  Fort  Delaware  wera 
buried,  1861-65. 

Fino,  fee'no,  or  Porto  Fino,  poR'to  fee'no,  a  prom- 
ontory and  town  of  Italy,  on  the  shore  of  the  gulf  and  17 
miles  S.E,  of  Genoa.     Pop.  1182. 

Fino,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  6  miles  S.  of  Como. 
Pop.  1747. 

Finow,  fee'nov,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
31  miles  N.E.  of  Berlin,  on  the  Finow  Canal,  which  connects 
the  rivers  Havel  and  Oder.     Pop.  713, 

Fins'bury,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
comprising  the  N.  part  of  the  metropolis,  between  the 
borough  of  Marylebone  on  the  W.  and  the  Tower  Hamlets 
on  the  E.,  and  on  the  S.  bordering  on  the  city  of  London 
and  liberty  of  Westminster.  It  comprises  the  parishes  of 
Islington,  Clerkenwell,  St.  Luke,  Ac,  and  derives  its  name 
from  Finsbury  Square.  It  contains  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  the 
Charter-House,  Smithfield,  St.  Bartholomew's,  and  the 
Foundling  Hospitals,  Gray's  Inn,  the  British  Museum, 
Clerkenwell  Sessions-House  and  Prison,  Ac.  It  sends  two 
members  to  Parliament.  The  mayor  of  London  is  Lord  of 
Finsbury.     Pop.  in  1881,  504,235 ;  in  1891,  532,888. 

Finster-Aarhorn,  fin'st^r-lR'hoRn,  a  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  14,026  feet  high,  is  the  highest  point  of  the 
Bernese  Alps,  between  the  cantons  of  Bern  and  Valais. 

Finstermiinz,  fin'st^r-miints^  a  narrow  pass  in  the 
Tyrolese  Alps,  on  the  Inn,  18  miles  N.  of  Glurns. 

Finsterwalde,  fin'st?r-^ird§h,  a  town  of  Pmssia,  i& 
Brandenburg,  40  miles  N,  of  Dresden,  and  5  miles  by  rail 
E,  of  Dobrilugk.     Pop.  7371, 

Finsterwolde,  fin'st^r-^olM^h,  a  village  of  the  Neth 
erlands,  23  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2361. 

Finstingen,  fin'sting-?n  (Fr,  Fmitrange,  f^h^nA*- 
tr6Nzh'),  a  town  of  Lorraine,  8  miles  N.  of  Saarburg. 

Finto'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Omagh.     Pop.  1338. 

Fin'try,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co,  and  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Stirling.  Near  here  is  the  beautiful  cascade  called  the 
"  Loup  of  Fintry." 

Fiogo,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Hiooo. 

Fionda,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Tekrova. 

Fionie,  or  Fionia.    See  Funen, 

Fiora,  fe-o'r&,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  near  Mount 
Amiata,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Civita  Vecchia.     Length,  40  miles. 

Fiorano,  fe-o-r4'no  (L.  Floria'num),  a  village  of  Italy, 
2  miles  W.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1085 

Fiord.    See  Fjord. 

Fiorenza,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Florence. 

Fiorenzuola,  fe^o-rSn-zoo-o'li  (anc.  Floren'tia),  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  of  Piacenza,  on  the 
^milian  Way,  18  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Parma.  It  has 
a  collegiate  church  and  many  remains  of  antiquity.  Car- 
dinal Alberoni  was  born  here  in  1664,  Eight  miles  S.  are 
the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Veleia,  buried  by  a  fall  of  sand  la 
the  fourth  century,  and  rediscovered  in  1761.     Pop.  6730. 


FIO 


1178 


ins 


Fiorenzuola,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  5i  miles 
N.W.  of  Pesaro.     Pop.  1426. 

Firan,  feeV&n',  &  small  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  about  18 
miles  from  the  coast  of  Arabia,  lat.  17°  13'  N.,  Ion.  41°  30' 
E.,  celebrated  for  its  pearl-fishery. 

Firando,  fe-rin'do,  or  Firato,  fe-ri'to,  called  also 
Hirado,  an  island  of  Japan,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Kioo- 
Sioo,  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nagasaki.  Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
129°  30'  E.     On  its  E.  side  is  the  town  of  Firando. 

Firao,  fo-ri'o,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of 
Hondo,  province  of  Yamato,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kioto. 

Firato,  an  island  of  Japan,     See  Firando. 

Fir  Cap,  a  post-oflBce  and  mining-camp  of  Sierra  co., 
Cal.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Downieville.  It  has  a  gold-mine 
and  2  saw-mills. 

Fire'baugh,  a  post-oflSce  and  shipping-point  of  Fresno 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  San  Joaquin  River. 

Fire  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
New  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  coal-mine  and  coke-works. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Fire  Island,  a  post-ofiSce  and  watering-place  of  Suf- 
folk CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  small  island  of  the  same  name,  in  Great 
South  Bay,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  Shore  Railroad  Sta- 
tion. It  is  a  fashionable  summer  resort,  and  has  several 
hotels,  one  of  which,  the  Surf  Hotel,  can  accommodate  450 
guests.  Near  it,  on  Fire  Island  Beach,  is  a  light-house, 
with  a  revolving  light,  raised  166  feet  above  the  sea,  lat. 
40°  37'  54"  N.,  Ion.  73°  12'  48"  W.  Fire  Island  is  reached 
by  steam-ferry  from  Babylon. 

Firenze,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Florence. 

Fire  Place,  a  former  name  of  Bkookhaven,  N.T. 

Fire  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Mo. 

Fire'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  14  miles 
(direct)  E.N.E.  of  Tiffin. 

Fire'steel,  a  towuship  of  Aurora  co.,  S.D.     Pop.  260. 

Firestone,  fir'ston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 

6  miles  N.  of  Round  Mountain. 

Firminy,  feeR^mee^nee',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Loire,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Etienne,  and  sharing 
with  that  town  in  manufactures  of  silks,  glass,  and  hard- 
wares, coal-mines,  Ac.     Pop.  10,010. 

Firmum,  the  ancient  name  of  Fermo. 

Firozabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ferozabad. 

Firozabad,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Fekozabad. 

Firozgur,  fee^roz-gur',  a  town  of  India,  102  miles  S.W. 
of  Hyderabad,  on  the  Beemah. 

Firozpur,  a  district  of  India.     See  Ferozepoob. 

First  Broad,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

First  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Cameron  co..  Pa. 

First  Island,  or  Murder  Island,  a  small  island  in 
the  Mozambique  Channel,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Madagas- 
car, about  3  miles  distant.     Lat.  22°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  7'  E. 

First  Lake,  Wis.  See  Four  Lakes  and  Keoonsa  Lake. 

First  View,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Firth,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  on  Great 
Nemaha  River,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  259. 

Firth  of  Forth,  Scotland.  After  the  river  Forth  is 
joined  by  the  Devon  on  the  N.,  it  begins  to  widen,  and 
gradually  assumes  the  appearance  of  a  bay.  This  bay, 
called  the  Firth  of  Forth,  is  about  50  miles  long,  and  where 
widest  is  nearly  15  miles  broad. 

Fischa,  fish'fi,,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria,  in  the  Schnee- 
berg,  flows  N.E.,  receiving  the  Piesting  and  the  Riesenbach, 
and  joins  the  Danube  at  Fischa,  after  a  course  of  55  miles. 

Fischa,  fish'i,  Fischamend,  or  Fischament, 
fish'3,-m5nt\  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa  River, 
12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1401. 

Fischbach,  fish'bis,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1430. 

Fischenthal,  fish'^n-tir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2229. 

Fisch'er's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Comal  co.,  Tex. 

Fischhausen,  fish'hSw^z^n,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia, 
at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Frische-Hafi",  20  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Kdnigsberg.     Pop.  2464. 

Fisciano,  fee-shi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 

7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salerno,  with  2  parish  churches  and  2 
convents.     Pop.  8007. 

Fisen,  a  province  of  Japan.     See  Fizen. 

Fish'back,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
People's  Railroad,  between  Mt.  Carbon  and  Minersville. 

Fish  Creek  drains  part  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  runs 
B.,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  in  Williams  co.,  0. 


Fish  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Montcalm  co.,  runi 
eastward  and  southward,  and  enters  Maple  River  on  the 
boundary  between  Clinton  and  Ionia  cos. 

Fish  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Lewis  co.,  runs  south- 
ward and  southwestward  through  Oneida  co.,  and  enten 
Oneida  Lake  about  14  miles  W.  of  Rome. 

Fish  Creek,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  the  outlet  of  Sara 
toga  Lake.  It  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Hudson 
River  at  Schuylerville. 

Fish  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Montana, 
32  miles  (direct)  N.  by  AV.  of  Virginia  City. 

Fish  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  ou 
Fish  Creek,  50  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oswego. 

Fish  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  on  Green 
Bay,  20  miles  E.  of  Menominee,  Mich.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  exports  lumber  and  wood. 

Fish  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Durham  co.,  N.C. 

Fish  Dam,  Union  co.,  S.C.     See  Carlisle. 

Fish'er,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Brazos  River  and  Elm  Creek  and  Sweetwater  Creek,  its 
confluents.  Area,  900  square  miles.  The  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad  touches  the  county  in  the  extreme  S.  Capital, 
Roby.     Pop.  in  1880,  136;  in  1890,  2996. 

Fisher,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Rantoul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  tile-works.     Pop.  450. 

Fisher,  a  post- village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Crookston.  It  has  10  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  481. 

Fisher,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co..  Pa. 

Fish'erman's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Cloverdale.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

Fish'erman's  Rock,  or  Pi'lot  Island,  a  small 
island  at  the  entrance  to  the  Red  Sea,  near  Perim. 

Fish'er's,  a  village  in  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is 
Beech  Post-Office.     Pop.  200. 

Fisher's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Victor 
township,  on  the  Rochester  &  Auburn  division  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Fisher's,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fish'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  10 
or  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Anderson.  It  has  a  ohoroh  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  96. 

Fisher's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Augusta  township,  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  46  miles  N. 
of  Harrisburg. 

Fisher's  Grant,  a  village  in  Pictou  oo..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Pictou  harbor,  and  on  the  Pictou  Branch  Railway,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Pictou.  A  steam  ferry  plies  between  here 
and  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 

Fisher's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  2  distilleries. 

Fisher's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  a  part  of 
the  town  of  Southold,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.  It  is  nearly  8  milei 
long,  and  averages  1  mile  in  breadth.  Area,  4000  acres. 
It  is  uneven  and  hilly,  has  ledges  of  stone  and  beds  of 
brick-clay,  and  is  separated  from  the  shore  of  Connecticut 
by  a  narrow  strait  called  Fisher's  Island  Sound.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Fisher's  Island. 

Fisner's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  opposite  Thousand  Island 
Park,  and  5  miles  N.  of  La  Fargeville. 

Fisher's  Mills,  a  small  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 1  mile  from  Hespeler.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Fisher  Sound,  a  channel  of  British  Columbia,  sepa- 
rates Denny  and  King  Islands,  and  forms  the  N.  continua- 
tion of  Fitzhugh  Sound.  Lat.  52°  N.;  Ion.  130°  W.  It 
was  discovered  by  Vancouver  in  1793. 

Fisher's  Peak,  in  Las  Animas  co.,  Colorado,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Trinidad,  is  the  highest  summit  of  the  Raton 
Mountains.  It  is  formed  of  basaltic  or  volcanic  rocks.  ItJ 
altitude  is  computed  to  be  9460  feet. 

Fisher's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fisher's  River,  of  North  Carolina,  a  small  stream 
which  flows  through  Surry  co.  into  the  Yadkin. 

Fisher's  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  IncU 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  S. 
of  Indi.^napolis. 

Fisher  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  o» 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Ormnd 
Rapids. 


FIS 


1179 


FIT 


Fi9h'ers\'ille,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H., 
partly  in  the  city  of  Concord,  and  partly  in  Boscawen,  is  on 
the  Contoocook  River,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Merrimac, 
and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  the  initial 
station  at  Concord.  It  contains  an  academy,  5  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  2  cotton-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  machine- 
shop,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  furniture,  sash,  blinds, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  3000.    Post-office,  Penacook. 

Fishersville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.B.  of  Staunton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 

Fish'ertOAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  from  Cessna  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
wagon-shops,  and  20  dwellings. 

Fish'erville,  a  post-village  of  Jeflferson  co.,  Ky.,  2 
miles  from  Long  Run  Station,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Louis- 
ville.    It  has  an  academy,  a  church,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fisherville,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  3 J  miles  from  Halifax,  and  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  coach-factory,  a 
hotel,  Ac.     Pop.  150. 

Fish'guard,  or  Ab^ergwain',  a  seaport  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Pembroke,  14  miles  N.  of  Haverford-West. 
The  town,  on  a  cliff  at  the  mouth  of  the  Owain,  has  very 
steep  streets,  irregularly  built,  a  valuable  fishery,  and  ex- 
ports of  oats,  butter,  and  slates.  The  port,  with  a  pier,  a 
breakwater,  an  outer  and  inner  basin,  and  a  light-house,  is 
one  of  the  best  harbors  in  St.  George's  Channel.     Pop.  1581. 

Fish-Haui,  Virginia.     See  Lester  Manor. 

Fish  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
on  a  lake,  70  miles  N.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming. 

Fish  Hook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  about  32 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Quincy. 

Fish  Honse,  a  station  on  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Rail- 
road, on  the  Delaware,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Camden,  N.J. 

Fish' House,  New  York.    See  Northampton. 

Fish'ing  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  on 
an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  fish 
oil  and  a  wharf  for  steamboats. 

Fishing  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Savannah  in 
Lincoln  co. 

Fishing  Creek,  Indiana,  flows  into  the  East  Fork  of 
White  River  at  Lawrenceport. 

Fishing  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the  north  part 
of  Columbia  co.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  about  1  mile  below 
Bloomsburg,  which  is  on  this  creek. 

Fishing  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  York  co.,  and 
flows  S.E.  through  Chester  co.  into  the  Catawba  River. 

Fishing  Creek,  West  Virginia,  runs  N.W.  through 

I  wMfPtzel  CO.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  New  Martinsville. 

H^ff^ishing  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

VHPishing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 

I    on  Delaware  Bay,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Millville.     It  has  a 

I    church  and  several  cranberry-bogs. 

Fishing  Creek,  township,  Granville  co.,  N.C.   P.  2413. 

Fishing  Creek,  township,  Warren  co.,  N.C.    P.  1598. 

Fishing  Creek,  township,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  542. 

Fishing  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Danville,  is  drained  by  a  creek  of 
the  same  name.  Pop.  1372.  Fishing  Creek  Post-Office  is  at 
Jonestown,  a  hamlet,  which  has  a  grist-mill  and  20  houses. 

Fishing  Creek,  a  station  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Columbia  A  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbia. 

Fishing  Point,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Fishing  River,  Missouri,  drains  parts  of  Clay  co., 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Ray  co. 

Fishing  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Warren  co., 
forms  the  S.  boundary  of  Halifax  co.,  runs  eastward  and 
southward,  and  enters  the  Tar  River  in  Edgecombe  co.  It 
is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Fishing  River,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
2798.     It  contains  the  village  of  Missouri  City. 

Fishing  River,  a  township  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1653.     It  contains  Elkhorn. 

Fish'kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Neosho  township,  on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  A  Colorado 
Railroad. 

Fishkill,  a  post-village  in  Fishkill  township,  Dutchess 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Dutchess 
A  Columbia  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg,  5  miles  E. 
of  the  Hudson  River,  and  62  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  academy  or  union 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  745.  The  township 
contains  larger  villages,  named  Fishkill  Landing  and  Mat- 
teawan.    Total  pop,  11,840. 


LJi 


Fishkill  Creek,  New  York,  runs  southweatward  In 
Dutchess  CO.,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  1  or  2  milet 
below  Newburg. 

Fishkill  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Clove  Branch  Junction.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Fishkill  Landing.    See  Fishkill  on  the  Hudson. 

Fishkill  Mountains.  This  term  is  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  highlands  of  the  Hudson. 

Fishkill  on  the  Hudson,  or  Fishkill  Landing, 
a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River, 
opposite  Newburg,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Matteawan,  and  58 
miles  above  New  York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Fishkill  on  the  Hudson.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  machine-shops,  a  boiler-shop,  a  hat- 
factory,  and  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  weekly  news- 
paper. A  steam  ferry-boat  plies  between  this  place  and 
Newburg.     Pop.  in  1890,  3617. 

Fishkill  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  East  Fishkill  township,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Pough- 
keepsie. 

Fish  Lake,  of  New  York,  in  the  N.  part  of  Fulton  oo., 
is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  li  miles  wide. 

Fish  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind. 

Fish  Lake,  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.    See  Mill  Creek. 

Fish  Lake,  a  village  in  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lapeer. 
Here  are  extensive  lumber-mills.     Post-office,  Stephens. 

Fish  Lake,  township,  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  707. 

Fish  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  2 
miles  from  Alexander  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fish  Pond,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1120. 

Fish  Pool,  a  village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  3  miles 
from  Hopewell.     Pop.  130. 

Fish  River,  Great.    See  Great  Fish  River. 

Fish  Rocks,  a  shipping-port  of  Mendocino  co.,  Oal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Ukiab.  Lumber  ia 
shipped  here. 

Fish's  Ed'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of 'Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  25  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of 
Walton.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  wood- 
alcohol,  acetate  of  lime,  charcoal,  and  lumber.     Pop.  300. 

Fish  Trap,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Fish'ville,  a  station  of  the  Keokuk  A  Des  Moines 
division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at 
Knoxville  Junction. 

Fisk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in  Richland 
township,  4  miles  S.  of  Fontanelle. 

Fisk'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  25  milef 
S.  of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  60. 

Fisk'dale,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Sturbridge  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  augurs,  and  bits. 

Fiske,  fisk,  a  village  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  Clearfield 
Creek,  in  White  township,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Bituminous 
coal  abounds  here. 

Fiskenaes,  fees'kQh-ni,8,  a  settlement  in  the  S.  part  of 
Greenland,  on  the  coast,  and  the  residence  of  an  inspector. 

Fiskeville,  fisk'vll,  a  post-village  in  Cranston  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill  Railroad,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Providence.    It  has  a  cotton-factory.    P.  244. 

Fiskeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Fisk's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  oo..  Wis., 
in  Utica  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Oshkosh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fink's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co..  Gal.,  near 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Rosa. 

Fismes,  feem  (anc.  Fi'nes  Remo'rumt),  a  town  ot 
France,  in  Marne,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ardre  and  the 
Vesle,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reims.  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  woollens.     Pop.  2989. 

Fissata,  fis-s&'t&,  a  seaport  of  North  Africa,  dominions 
and  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tripoli. 

Fitats,  feeH&ts',  or  Fitaki,  fe-t&'ke  (Chinese,  Tchang- 
Loo,  ching-loo),  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  on  a 
river,  near  the  E.  coast,  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tokio. 

Fitch  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  en 
a  long  arm  or  bay  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Stonstead.     Pop.  200. 

Fitch'burg,  a  city  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Nashua  River,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  26  miler  N.  of  Worcester.    It  is  at  the  jano- 


FIT 


1180 


FIV 


tion  of  the  Fitchburg  and  Old  Colony  Railroads.  It  con- 
tains 14  churches,  a  city  hall,  14  paper-mills,  a  high  school, 
4  national  banks,  2  savings  banks,  and  a  public  library. 
It  has  also  manufactures  of  saws,  ginghams,  worsteds, 
bicycles,  revolvers,  lumber,  doors,  sash  and  blinds,  cotton 
and  cotton  warps,  bricks  and  tiles,  rubber  stamps,  bat- 
ting and  twine,  steam-engines,  pianos,  and  paper.  About 
2000  men  are  employed  here  in  the  manufacture  of  ma- 
chinery. Two  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Quarries  of  granite  are  extensively  worked.  Pop. 
in  1890,  22,037. 

Fitchburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bunker  Hill  township,  about  17  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  125. 

Fitchburg,  a  post-township  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Madison,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad.     Pop.  958. 

Fitch'port,  or  Hick'man's  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of 
Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Hickman  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Nicholasville.  It  has  a  dis- 
tillery and  a  grist-mill.    Near  it  is  Camp  Nelson  Post-Office. 

Fitch's  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Salem. 

Fitch's  Store,  a  post-oflBce  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C. 

Fitch'ville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Bozrah  township,  2  miles  W.  of  Yantic  Station,  which  is 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Fitchville,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ver- 
milion River,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Fitero,  fe-ti'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Pamplona,  on  the  Alhama.     Pop.  2593. 

Fites  Eddy,  a  station  on  the  Columbia  A  Port  Deposit 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia,  Pa. 

Fit'ful  Head,  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of  Shetland, 
W.  of  Quendal  Bay.     Elevation,  400  feet. 

Fith'ian,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Oak- 
wood  township,  on  the.  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  West- 
ern Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Fittr6,  fit'tri',  or  Fiddri,  fid'dree\  a  lake  of  Africa, 
near  lat.  14°  N.,  Ion.  20°  E.,  200  miles  E.  of  Lake  Chad. 

Fitts  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  111. 

Fitzabading,  fits'i'bi^ing',  a  beautiful  fertile  dis- 
trict in  the  S.W.  part  of  Abyssinia,  province  of  Gojam. 

Fitzal'on,  a  post-office  of  Sherman  co..  Neb. 

Fitzger'ell,  or  Win'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson 
CO.,  111.,  12  miles  E.  of  Tamaroa  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fitz  Henry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  is  at  Port  Royal  Station  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Connellsville 
Railroad. 

Fitzhugh  (fits'hu)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Grant  oo., 
Ark.,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Malvern. 

Fitzhugh  (fits'hu)  Sound,  astraitof  British  Columbia, 
\n  lat.  51°  33'  N.,  Ion.  128°  10'  W.,  between  Calvert  Island 
and  the  mainland,  is  IS  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad. 

Fitzpat'rick,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches,  2  steam  mills,  &o. 

Fitzroy,  fits'roy,  an  island  near  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, 6  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Grafton.  The  N.  peak  is  550 
feet  high.     Lat.  16°  55'  N.;  Ion.  146°  E. 

Fitzroy,  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  a  northeastern 
suburb  of  Melbourne,  with  active  industries  and  fine  public 
gardens.     Pop.  15,547. 

Fitz'roy  Ilar'bor,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Ottawa,  12  miles  E.  of  Arnprior.  It  con- 
tains several  stores,  hotels,  and  mills,  and  has  daily  com- 
munication with  Ottawa  by  steamer.     Pop.  300. 

Fitz^wa'ter  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Edge  Hill  Railroad  Station. 

Fitzwil'liam,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
about  44  miles  S.AV.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  the 
Cheshire  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  wooden-ware  and  kindling-wood. 

FitZTvilliam  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Keene. 
It  has  granite-quarries  and  manufactures  of  wooden-ware. 

Fiulinas,  fe-oo-lee'nS,s,  or  Florinas,  flo-ree'nis,  a 
village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  and  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sassari,  near  the  Pianora.     Pop.  1763. 

Fiumara-di-Muro,  fe-oo-mi'r4-dee-moo'ro,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  7  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  1400. 


Fiume,  fe-oo'mi  or  fyoo'mi  (G^er.  Sanct  Veil  am  Flaum_ 
sinkt  vite  im  flSwm;  Illyr.  Hika,  ree'ki),  a  seaport  town 
of  Austria-Hungary,  a  free  city  of  the  Hungarian  king- 
dom, on  the  river  Fiumara,  where  it  falls  into  the  Gulf  of 
Quarnero,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Adriatic.  Lat.  of 
the  clock  tower,  45°  19'  36"  N.,  Ion.  14°  26'  45"  E.  It 
consists  of  the  old  town,  built  on  a  height,  and  composed 
of  indifferent  houses  and  gloomy,  dirty,  winding,  and  ill- 
paved  streets;  and  of  the  new  town,  situated  along  the 
shore,  and  presenting  a  very  marked  contrast  to  the  old 
town  by  the  number  of  its  handsome  buildings  and  the 
spaciousness  and  regularity  of  its  streets.  The  objects 
most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  old  capitular  church  of 
Maria  Himmelfahrt,  with  a  fine  front,  the  church  of  St. 
Veit,  the  governor's  residence,  barracks,  town  house,  mon- 
asteries, Ac.  Fiume  is  the  seat  of  a  military  governor,  a 
mercantile  and  commercial  court,  custom-house,  and  bride- 
well, and  possesses  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  a  hospital, 
and  a  good  collection  of  antique  works  of  art.  Its  manu- 
factures include  linen,  leather,  woollens,  refined  sugar,  re- 
fined wax,  tobacco,  and  especially  rosoglio.  The  harbor  is 
indifferent,  and  admits  only  small  vessels,  but  the  roadstead 
has  depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  any  size,  and  is  well  shel- 
tered. The  principal  exports  are  corn,  tobacco,  wood,  fruit, 
and  salted  provisions ;  the  principal  imports  are  sugar,  rice, 
spices,  and  salt.  Fiume  is  the  only  important  seaport  for 
the  outlet  of  the  produce  of  Hungary.  Its  commercial  im- 
portance was  early  perceived,  and  communication  with  the 
interior  has  been  secured  by  railway.     Pop.  (1890)  29,001. 

Fiume,  fe-oo'mi,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  26  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  3302. 

Fiume  di  Nisi,  fe-oo'm&  dee  nee'see,  a  seaport  village 
of  Sicily,  on  the  Strait  of  Messina,  at  the  mouth  of  the  an- 
cient GhnjBothoas,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  2800. 
Near  it  are  mines  of  alum,  antimony,  and  copper. 

Fiume-Freddo,  fe-oo'mi-frWdo  {i.e., "  coldstream"), 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  near  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  5445. 

Fiume-Freddo,  a  village  of  Sicily,  on  a  little  river 
of  the  same  name,  which  flows  from  Mount  Etna,  province 
of  Catania,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  at  Aci.    Pop.  676. 

Fiume  Salso,  Sicily.     See  Salso. 

Fiumicello,  fe-oo-me-ch41'lo,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  1  mile  W.  of  Brescia,  with  many  country-houses  of 
the  inhabitants  of  that  city.     Pop.  3727. 

Fiumicino,  fe-oo-me-chee'no  (anc.  Por'tus  Augus'U), 
a  seaport  of  Italy,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  at  the  N.  mouth  of 
the  Tiber.     It  is  a  place  of  holiday  resort  for  the  Romans. 

Five  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Genoa  township,  22  miles  S.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  church. 

Five  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis., 
9  or  10  miles  N.  of  Appleton.     It  has  a  church. 

Five  Creeks,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.  Post- 
offices,  Tabor  and  Hebron.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Repub- 
lican River.     Pop.  1113. 

Five  Fingers  Point,  a  headland  of  New  Zealand, 
Middle  Island,  on  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  45°  33'  S.,  Ion.  166" 
18'  E,  "  The  Five  Fingers"  is  another  point  on  the  samo 
coast,  in  lat.  42°  2'  S.,  Ion.  171°  25'  E. 

Five  Forks, a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C,  16  mil* 
N.  of  Winston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Five  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  ia 
Quincy  township,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Greencastle. 

Five  Forks,  a  locality  in  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  where, 
on  April  1,  1865,  an  important  battle  was  fought. 

Five  Hum'mocks  Point,  a  headland  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, on  its  W.  coast.     Lat.  30°  24'  N.;  Ion.  115°  40'  W. 

Five  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  China 
Sea,  on  the  S.  coast  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  in 
lat.  21°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112°  38'  E. 

Five  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Pine-tree  Island.   Lat.  10°  20'  N.;  Ion.  98°  E. 

Five  Islands  ("Cinque  Islands"),  in  the  Bay  of  Ben- 
gal, off  the  S.E.  end  of  Rutland  Island,  one  of  the  Anda- 
mans,  in  lat.  11°  22'  N.,  Ion.  92°  45'  E. 

Five  Islands,  of  Japan.    See  Goto  Islands. 

Five  Islands,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  18  miles  E.  of  Parrsborough. 
Marble,  iron,  copper,  and  plumbago  are  found  in  productive 
quantities  in  the  vicinity.  A  company  is  engaged  in  man- 
ufacturing white  paint  from  barytes.  Pop.  600.  Off  thii 
place  lies  a  group  of  islands  of  the  same  name. 

Five  Islands  Har'bor,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Antigua,  British  West  Indies. 

Five  Lakes,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.     See  Asa. 

Five  Men's  Sound,  in  Frobisher's  Strait,  Brititt 
North  America. 


FIV 


1181 


FLA 


ive  Mile^  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    See  Cbmemtyillb. 
Five  Mil  6)  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Cambridge  and  Indianapolis  (a  division  of 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.   Louis  Railroad),  5  miles 
from  Indianapolis. 

Five  Mile^  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  5  miles  N.  of  Mount  Orab.     It  has  2  churches 
and  a  chair-factory. 
Five  Mile,  a  post-oflSce  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 
Five  Mile  Creek,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  the  Oon- 
hocton  River  from  the  left. 

Five  Mile  River,  or  Rowayton,  ro'wa-t^n,  a  post- 
village  of  Fairfield  oo..  Conn.,  in  Darien  and  Norwalk  town- 
ships, on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  Five  Mile 
River,  and  on  the  New  York  «fc  New  Haven  Railroad,  40 
miles  from  New  York  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  children's  carriages.  The  most  important  busi- 
ness of  this  place  is  the  culture  and  sale  of  oysters.  Here 
is  Rowayton  Post-OflBce. 

Five  Mile  River,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Maitland.     Pop.  150. 

Five-Mile- ToAvn,  or  Bles'siugbourn,  a  town  of 

Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  6i  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Clogher.  P.  625. 

Five  Mile   Turn'out,  a  station   in  Charleston  co., 

S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 

Charleston. 

Five  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Harrison  township,  2  miles  from  Pitman,  which  is  16  miles 
S.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church  and  a  broom-factory. 

Five  Points,  a  station  in  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Eastern  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Five  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  in 
Monroe  township,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church. 

Five  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  West  Middlesex.     It  has  a  church. 

Fives,  feev,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  now  merged 
in  Lille,  of  which  it  was  a  suburb.     Pop.  5876. 

Fivizzano,  fe-vit-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
.14  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca. 

Fiza,  fee'z6h\  or  Fored,  fo^rW,  a  town  of  Hungary, 

(SO.  of  Heves,  on  the  Theiss,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Erlau. 

I      Fizen,  Fisen,  fee^zfin',  or  Hizen,  hee^zSn',  a  prov- 

I  Ince  of  Japan,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.   It 

includes  many  islands  and  islets,  of  which  the  Goto  group 

i  i  nd  the  island  of  Firando  are  the  most  important.     Capital, 

fiaga.     Pop.  1,074,461. 

Fjeld,  or  Field,  fe-5ld'  or  fyfild,  a  Norwegian  word, 
eignifying  a  "  mountain-range." 
Fjord,  or  Fiord,  fe-oud'  or  fyond,  a  Danish  and  Nor- 
!  »/egian  word,  signifying  "  bay"  or  "  estuary,"  forming  a  part 
^^^nnmerous  names  in  the  N.  of  Europe. 
^^Vizesch,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Fuzes. 
^P^laach,  fl&K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15 
I  firiles  N.N.E.  of  Zurich,  beautifully  situated  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Thur  with  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1053. 

Flack'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  9  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.     It  has  2  churches. 
Flaco,  the  Latin  name  of  Fiaccone. 
Fladda,  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides.     See  Flodda. 
Fladstrand,  Denmark.     See  Frederikshavn. 
Flag'fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Flagg,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  oo..  111.,  21  miles  by  rail 
E,  by  N.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  grain-elevator. 

Flagg  Centre,  a  station  in  Flagg  township.  Ogle  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Rockford  Branch  Railroad  with  the  main  line,  89  miles  W. 
of  Chicago.     Post-oflSce,  Kyte  River. 

Flagg'on,  a  small  bayou  of  Rapides  parish.  La.,  flows 
into  Catahoula  Lake. 

Flagg's,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
2i  miles  S.E.  of  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

Flagg  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Flaggtown,  New  Jersey.  See  Frankfort. 
Flag'ler,  a  post-village  of  Kit  Carson  co..  Col.,  33  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  100. 

Flag'ler's,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles 

J  by  rail  S.E.  of  Knoxville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 
Flag  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 
'    Flag  Pond,  a  hamlet  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  about  60 
Smiles  N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Flag  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
Kdireot)  W.  of  Estillville.     It  has  a  general  store. 


Flag  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Empire  townihip, 
Andrew  co..  Mo.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Flagstad,  fl^g'stid,  or  Flag8tad-de,fl&g'st&d-S\h, 
an  islet  off  the  coast  of  Norway,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Arendal. 

Flagstad,  one  of  the  Loffoden  Islands,  Norway,  S.  of 
West  Vaagen. 

Flag'staff,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coconino  co., 
Arizona,  84  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Prescott  Junction,  and  158 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Prescott.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  963. 

Flagstaff,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me. 

Flag  Stone,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  about  8 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Lackawaxen,  and  about  9  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Milford.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Flagtown,  New  Jersey.     See  Frankfort. 

Flambeau,  flam'bo,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  CO.,  Wis., 
on  the  Flambeau  River. 

Flambeau  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Lincoln  co., 
runs  southwestward  in  Chippewa  co.,  and  enters  the  Chip- 
pewa River  about  28  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Chippewa  Falls. 
This  river,  or  the  lower  part  of  it,  is  sometimes  called  the 
Manedowish  River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Flambeau  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Flambeau  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  .35  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 

Flam'borough,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
East  Riding,  on  the  North  Sea,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bridling- 
ton. It  occupies  the  centre  of  the  promontory  of  Flam- 
borough  Head,  which  consists  of  a  range  of  limestone  rocks, 
elevation  450  feet,  extending  along  the  shore  for  several 
miles,  with  a  light-house  214  feet  above  the  North  Sea,  in 
lat.  54°  7'  N.,  Ion.  0°  5'  E.  The  rock  is  perforated  by 
caverns,  which  are  the  resort  of  numerous  sea-fowl.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1374. 

Flamborough  West.     See  West  Flauborouoh. 

Flan'agan's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Va.,  on  Wills  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Flanders,  flan'd^rz  (L.  Flan'dria;  Sp.  Flandei,  flin'- 
dfis;  It.  Fiandra,  fe-in'drS,;  Fr.  Flandre,  flfiNd'r;  Ger. 
Flandem,  flin'd^rn;  Dutch,  Vlaanderen,  vl&n'd^r-^n),  a 
former  country  or  district  of  Europe,  now  included  in  the 
Netherlands,  Belgium,  and  France.  It  stretched  from  the 
Scheldt,  below  Fort  Lillo,  W.  along  the  Hond  or  West  Scheldt, 
and  W.S.W.  along  the  German  Ocean,  to  the  entrance  of 
the  Straits  of  Dover,  near  Gravelines.  The  name  occurs 
for  the  first  time  in  the  seventh  century.  The  erection  of 
the  territory  into  a  county  took  place  in  the  ninth  century, 
and  was  made  by  Philip  the  Bold,  King  of  France,  in  favor 
of  his  son-in-law,  Baldwin  of  the  Iron  Arm.  It  after- 
wards passed  to  the  united  houses  of  Spain  and  Austria, 
and  ultimately  to  the  latter,  but  underwent  considerable 
curtailment  by  the  conquests  of  the  French  in  the  W.,  when 
part  of  it  became  French  Flanders  and  is  now  included  in 
the  departments  of  Nord  and  Ardennes,  and  the  conquests 
of  the  Dutch  in  the  N.,  who  succeeded  in  including  tho 
most  northerly  portion  of  it  in  the  province  of  Zealand. 
The  remainder  still  retains  its  ancient  name,  and  forms  the 

provinces  of  East  and  West  Flanders,  in  Belgium. Adj. 

Flem'ish  ;  inhab.  Flem'inq.     (The  French  of  both  is  Fla- 
mand,  fli^mftN"'.)   See  East  Flanders  and  West  Flanders. 

Flanders,  or  French  Flanders  (Fr.  Flandre, 
fl5Nd'r),  an  old  province  of  France,  of  which  the  capital 
was  Lille.  It  is  now  in  the  departments  of  Nord  and  Ar- 
dennes. 

Flan'ders,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Olive  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  or  High  Bridge  Railroad, 
in  a  beautiful  valley,  17  miles  N.E.  of  High  Bridge,  and 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  felt-factory,  3  flouring-mills,  saw-mills,  and 
a  chalybeate  spring.     Pop.  about  500. 

Flanders,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  South- 
ampton township,  on  Peconic  Bay,  3  miles  S.E.  of  River- 
head.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  160. 

Fiandreau,  flan'drS,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moody 
CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  Big  Sioux  River,  39  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Sioux  Falls.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  569. 

Flandre  Occidentale.     See  West  Flanders. 
Flandre  Orientale.     See  East  Flanders. 

Flanigan's,  Ontario.     See  McGillivray. 

Flan'nen  or  Flan'nan  Isles  (written  also  Fati- 
nan),  or  the  "Seven  Hunters,"  a  group  of  islets  of  th« 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  20  miles  W.  of  Lewis.  They  are  not 
inhabited,  but  feed  numerous  sheep,  and  are  a  great  recort 
of  sea-fowl 


FLA 


1182 


FLA 


Flat)  Pike  CO.,  0.    See  California. 

Flat  Bay,  a  hamlet  on  the  French  shore,  Newfound- 
land, at  the  head  of  St.  George's  Bay,  8  miles  from  Sandy 
Point.     Pop.  150. 

Flat  Bow  River.    See  Kootbnay  River. 

Flat  Branch,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  111.  Pop.  989. 

Flat  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Flat  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Canaan  township,  on  the  Boston  &,  Albany  Bailroad,  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

Flat'brookville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  13  miles  above  the  Water  Gap.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Flat'bush,  a  post-village  and  former  township  of 
King's  CO.,  N.Y.,  annexed  to  Brooklyn  in  1894,  and  now 
included  in  the  29th  ward  of  that  city.  The  village  of 
Flatbush  is  3  or  4  miles  S.S.E.  from  the  city  proper  of 
Brooklyn,  and  is  contiguous  to  Prospect  Park.  It  contains 
5  churches,  an  almshouse,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  and  the  Erasmus  Hall  Academy.  Pop.  of  township 
in  1880,  7634;  in  1890,  12,337. 

Flat  Creek,  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  runs  southwestward, 
and  enters  the  Alabama  River  4  miles  above  Claiborne. 

Flat  Creek,  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the  Ocmulgee. 

Flat  Creek,  in  the  S.E.part  of  Virginia,  flows  through 
Amelia  co.  into  the  Appomattox  River. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish,  La. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  16  miles  E. 
of  Cassville.     Pop.  of  Flat  Creek  township,  1571. 

Flat  Creek,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1651. 

Flat  Creek,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.    Pop.  595. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Spraker  s  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Flat  Creek,  township,  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.     P.  1168. 

Flat  Creek,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.    P.  2088. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Teon.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Shelby  ville.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Flat  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Flat  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
S.  of  Willard.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Flat  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  New  Market.     It  has  2  churches. 

Flat'head,  Sailish,  or  Selish  (s&'lish)  In'dians, 
a  tribe  dwelling  in  Idaho,  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarke's  River 
and  the  adjacent  portion  of  the  Columbia.  Their  name  is 
derived  from  a  custom,  said  to  have  been  formerly  prevalent 
among  them,  of  flattening  the  heads  of  their  children, 
when  very  young,  by  artificial  means.  This  practice  still 
obtains  among  several  other  tribes,  to  whom  the  name  of 
Flatheads  is  not  usually  given.  These  tribes  occupied  the 
territory  on  both  sides  of  the  Columbia  River  for  a  consid- 
erable distance  from  its  mouth.  They  are  commonly  of 
diminutive  stature,  and  badly  made,  with  wide  mouths  and 
thick  lips,  the  nose  thick,  and  the  nostrils  large.  The  fiat- 
toning  of  the  head  is  accomplished  by  subjecting  the  skull 
of  the  infant  to  constant  and  severe  mechanical  pressure 
during  the  first  six  or  eight  months  of  its  life.  It  does  not 
appear  that  this  operation  has  any  effect  in  diminishing 
the  capacity  of  the  cranium  or  the  whole  volume  of  brain. 

Flat'head  Lake,  or  Se'lish  Lake,  is  in  Missoula 
CO.,  Montana.  It  is  about  30  miles  long  and  12  or  14  miles 
wide.  Gold  is  found  in  the  vicinity  of  this  lake.  The  out- 
let of  it  is  Flathead  River,  which  issues  from  the  southern 
end,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Bitter  Root  or 
Clarke's  River.  • 

Flathead  Pass,  Montana,  is  a  depression  in  the  Gal- 
latin Range  of  mountains,  and  is  a  great  thoroughfare  for 
the  Flathead  and  Bannack  Indians.  The  elevation  of  this 
pass  above  the  level  of  the  sea  is  6769  feet.  It  is  15  miles 
from  Union  Pass. 

Flathead  River.    See  Clarke's  River. 

Flat-Holmes,  an  i^let  of  England,  in  the  Bristol 
Channel,  co.  of  Somerset,  N.  of  Steep-Holmes,  and  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cardiff.  It  is  about  1^  miles  in  circumference,  and 
has  a  light-house,  in  lat.  SI"  22'  35"  N.,  Ion.  3°  7'  3"  W. 

Flat  Island,  a  small  island  of  the  Mergui  Archipelago, 
Bay  of  Bengal. 

Flat  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, off  Point  Peter,  district  of  Gasp6. 

Flat  Islands,  two  islets  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
in  lat.  2°  20'  N.,  Ion.  96°  3'  E. 

Flat  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  W.  side  of 
Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Barrow  Har- 
bor.    Pop.  250. 

Flat  Islands,  a  group  on  the  W.  side  of  Pla«entia 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  15  miles  from  Burin.     Pop.  306. 


Flat'kill  Creek,  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Jersey,  risea 
in  Sussex  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  on  the  boundary 
between  that  county  and  Warren. 

Flat'lauds,  a  former  township  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brooklyn,  to  which  it  was  annexed 
in  1S94.  This  section  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Jauiaica 
Bay.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  4075. 

Flat  Lick,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  111.    Pop.  1180. 

Flat  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ky.,  about  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Barboursville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  free  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Flat  Mountain,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  a  mile  S.  of  Yel- 
lowstone Lake.  It  has  an  altitude  of  9704  feet  above  the 
sea-level,  and  is  about  2300  feet  higher  than  the  lake.  It 
is  composed  chiefly  of  trachyte,  and  is  of  volcanic  origin. 

Flato'nia,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  37  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches,  3  banks,  a 
door-  and  cistern-factory,  graded  schools,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1304. 

FlatOAV,  fli'tov  (Pol.  Zlotowo,  zlo-to'vo,  or  Czlolowo, 
tchlo-to'vo),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  West  Prussia,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Schneidemiihl.  Pop.  3317.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cloth  and  lace. 

Flat  Point  is  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Su- 
matra, and  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of  Borneo. 

Flat  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0. 

Flat  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Flat  River,  Michigan,  drains  part  of  Montcalm  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Ionia  co.,  and  enters  Grand 
River  at  Lowell,  in  Kent  co. 

Flat  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Person  co.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Neuse  River  on  the  N. 
border  of  AVake  co. 

Flat  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  tobacco. 

Flat  River,  a  township  of  Person  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  958. 

Flat  River,  or  Gascoigne  (g&s'koin')  Cove,  a 
post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  250, 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  about  90 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Flat  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  G^.,  on  South 
River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lithonia  Station,  and  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  CO.,  III.,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Vincennes,  Ind.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Flat  Rock,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
traversed  by  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Shelby- 
ville.     Pop.  1507. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  near 
Fhvt  Rock  Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  canning-factory,  a  saw-mill,  «fcc.     Pop.  300. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  about 
23  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Somerset.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  saw- 
mill, a  stave-factory,  and  general  stores. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fe  Canada  Southern 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  bending-mill,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  377. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C, 
about  100  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church. 

Flat  Rock,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mau- 
mee  River.     Pop.  1184. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Thomp- 
son township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Bellevue,  and  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C,  li 
miles  N.  of  Camden.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  3755. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Flat  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  north 
shore  of  Conception  Bay,  2  miles  from  Carbonear.     P.  18*« 

Flat  Rock,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  tta  i 
sea-coast,  12  miles  N.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  300. 

Flat  Rock  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  run* 
southwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Rush  and  Shelby,  and 
enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  at  Columbus.  I»  '^ 
nearly  100  miles  long,  and  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Flat  Shoal,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Flat  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  on 


FLA 


1183 


FLE 


Flint  River,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Griflan.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  woollen-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
river  here  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Flattery,  Cape.    See  Cape  Flattery. 

Flat'tery  Cape,  a  cape  of  Eastern  Australia,  in  lat. 
140  52'  S.,  Ion.  145°  2'  21"  E. 

Flat  Top,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Flat'wood,  a  post-oflBce  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo. 

Flatwoods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Brownsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Flat  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Buffalo  River,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.   It  has  a  church. 

Flat  Woods,  a  post-oflBce  of  Scott  co.,  Va. 

Flat  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  65 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Flatwoods  Academy,  a  post-oflBce  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Flavacourt,  fliVi'kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  904. 

Flavia  Caesariensis,  the  ancient  name  of  Mercia. 

Flavias,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Favaios. 

Flavigiiy,  fliVeen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r, 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1136. 

Flavionaria,  the  Latin  name  of  Aviles. 

Flavium  Brigantinm,  ancient  name  of  Betanzos. 

Flavy-le-Martel,  fliVee'-l§h-maRH51',  a  village  of 
Prance,  Aisne,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Quentin.     P.  1542. 

Flaw'renceville  (Oak  Grove  Post-OflBce),  a  village  of 
Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  IJ  miles  from  Brick  Church  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  3  churches. 

Flawyl,  fli'^eel,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  Gall.  It  has  important  manufactures 
jf  lace  and  muslin.     Pop.  3105. 

Flayosc,  fli^osk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  4  miles 
W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  1953. 

Flea  Hill,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1899. 

FIfeche,  La,  a  town  of  France.     See  La  Fl^che. 

Fleckeroe,  fl5k'§r-o^§h,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of 
J^orway,  3  miles  S.  of  Christiansand,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Fleet,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  issuing  from  a  lake  of 
;hesaine  name,  and  flowing  S.S.E.  into  Wigtown  Bay.  Fleet 
s  also  the  name  of  a  small  river  of  England,  an  affluent  of 
i.he  Trent,  co.  of  Notts ;  and  of  ancient  Fleta,  which  bounded 
■,he  Roman  city  of  London  on  the  W.  and  is  now  a  covered 
fewer  called  Fleet-ditch. 

Fleet'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Benton  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
shnrches.     Pop.  100. 

Fleet'wood,  a  seaport  and  watering-place  of  England, 
1)0.  of  Lancaster,  on  the  Wyre,  at  the  entrance  of  More- 
liambe  Bay,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Preston  by  railway.  The 
nown  has  a  church  and  a  hotel,  market-house,  custom-house, 
iight-house,  and  docks.  Several  steamers  ply  between  it 
:ind  Ireland  and  Scotland.     Pop.  4428. 

Fleet'wood,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  11  miles 
ay  rail  N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  3  churches,  common 
uohools,  1  or  2  foundries,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  cigars  and  furniture.     Pop.  878. 

Flehingen,  fld'hing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  5  miles 
from  Bretten.     Pop.  1082. 

Flekkefiord,  or  FlekkeQord,  fl4k'k§h-fe-oRd\  a 
town  of  Norway,  55  miles  W.  of  Christiansand,  on  an  inlet 
of  the  North  Sea.     Pop.  880. 

Flem'iiig,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Licking  River,  and  is  drained  by  Fleming  and 
Fox  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  cal- 
careous and  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  a  part 
of  this  county,  which  has  also  a  deposit  of  iron  fulgurites. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and  the 
Covington,  Flemingsburg  &  Ashland  Railroad,  the  latter 
passing  through  Flemingsburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13^98;  in  1880,  15,221;  in  1890,  16,078. 

Fleming,  a  station  in  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
bama A  Chattanooga  Railroad.  12  miles  E.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Fleming,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Gulf  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has 
a  church. 

Fleming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  00.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  57  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Detroit. 

Fleming,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  00.,  N.Y.,  in  Fleming 
township,  5  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Owasco  Lake,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Southern  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
»hip,  1262. 


Fleming,  a  post-oflSce  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marietta. 

Fleming,  Centre  co.,  Pa.    See  Unionville. 

Flem'ingsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fleming  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Covington,  Flemingsburg  A  Ashland  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hillsborough,  48  miles  (direct) 
N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  14  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Maysville. 
It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded  high 
school,  5  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  plug  to- 
bacco.    Pop.  in  1880,  811;  in  1890,  1172. 

Flem'ingsville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Owego  township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  4  or  6 
miles  N.  of  Owego.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  91. 

Flem'ington,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Gainesville. 

Flemington,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  20  miles  direct  (28  miles  by  railroad)  N.  by  W.  of 
Trenton.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  railroad  which  con- 
nects it  with  Lambertville,  and  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Central  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  16  miles  E.N.E.  to 
Somerville.  Flemington  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
2  national  banks,  an  iron-foundry,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory, 
a  steam  flour-mill,  and  4  newspaper  offices.    P.  about  2000. 

Flemington,  a  post-village  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  35  miles 
W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  factory  for 
cypress  staves.     Pop.  about  250. 

Flemington,  a  former  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Lock 
Haven,  is  now  the  5th  ward  of  that  city.  It  contains  2 
large  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  church. 
Flemington  Post-Office  and  Station  remain  here. 

Flemington,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Grafton. 
Here  is  the  West  Virginia  College  (Free-Will  Baptist). 

Flemington  Junction,  a  station  near  Flemington, 
N.J.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
South  Branch  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Phillipsburg. 

Flem'ingville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  E.  of  Centre  Point. 

Flem'mings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Catawba  00.,  N.C,  in 
Mountain  Creek  township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Statesville. 

Flensburg,  flSns'bSSuo  (Danish,  Flenahorg,  flins'boRG : 
L.  Flenop'olh),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  at  the 
W.  end  of  Flensburg-Fiord,  an  inlet  about  20  miles  long 
by  from  2  to  10  miles  broad,  with  from  5  to  12  fathoms  of 
water,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Sleswick.  Lat.  54°  46' 
54"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  26'  12"  E.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
handsome  streets  and  squares,  a  high  school,  a  hospital,  a 
penitentiary,  and  several  charitable  institutions.  The  in- 
dustry of  the  place  comprises  sugar-refining,  tobacco-spin- 
ning, soap-making,  iron-founding,  brewing,  distilling,  Ac. ; 
and  it  has  several  ship-yards.  Flensburg  is  an  ancient 
town,  and  the  most  populous  in  Sleswick.  As  early  as  the 
twelfth  century  it  was  a  wealthy  place.     P.  (1890)  36,894. 

Flers,  flaiR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Domfront.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  8571. 

Flesh'erton,  or  Arteme'sia,  a  post-village  in  Grey 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the 
Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  86i  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto. 
It  has  several  stores,  a  carding-,  a  saw-,  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  350. 

Flesselles,  flSs^sSll',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  7 
miles  N.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1661. 

Flessingue,  the  French  name  of  Flushing. 

Fletch'all,  a  township  of  Worth  co..  Mo.    Pop.  582. 

Fletch'er,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Brown 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Piqua  and  Urbana,  7  miles 
E.  of  Piqua,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Sidney.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  306. 

Fletcher,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Burlington,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Lamoille 
River.  Pop.  865.  Fletcher  Station  is  on  the  Portland  i 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  30  miles  £.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Flenrance,  fluh'riNss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qers,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Auch.     Pop.  3737. 

Fleurbaix,  fluR^bi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  ArmentiSres.     Pop.  388. 

Fleurier,  fluhVe-&',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  NeufchHtel.     Pop.  3051. 

Fleurs  Castle,  floorz  kas's^l  (rhyming  with  moorM)^ 
the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Roxburgh,  in  Scotland,  00.  of  Rox- 
burgh, on  the  Tweed,  1  mile  above  Kelso.  It  is  a  superb 
mansion,  built  by  Vanbrugh  in  1718. 

Flenrns,  fluh^riice',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
in  a  wide  plain,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Charleroi.     Poo 


PLE 


1184 


II 


FLO 


8000.  Sanguinary  battles  took  place  in  its  vicinity  in  1622, 
1670,  1794,  and  1815. 

Fleury,  fluhVee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aude,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  1675. 

Fleury,  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  6i  miles  N.W. 
of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1395. 

Fleury- sur-Andelle,  fluhVee'-silR-ftNo^dfiir,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Eure,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Les  Andelys. 

Fleury-sur-Loire,  fluh^ree'-sUR-lwaR,  a  village  of 
France,  on  the  Loire,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.    Pop.  461. 

Flevus  Lacus,  the  Latin  name  of  Zutder  Zee. 

Flieden,  flee'd^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- Nassau, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Flieden.     Pop.  1645. 

Fly,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Fnx. 

Flims,  Aims,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Gri- 
Bons,  11  miles  W.  of  Chur,  2700  feet  above  sea-level.   P.  749. 

Fliu'ders,  a  group  of  four  islands  off  the  N.E.  coastof 
Australia,  near  Cape  Flinders,  at  the  mouth  of  Bathurst 
Buy.     Lat.  14°  11'  5"  S.;  Ion.  144°  12'  5"  E. 

Flinders,  a  bay  of  Western  Australia,  co.  of  Sussex, 
between  Cape  Leeuwin  and  Cape  Beaufort.     Lat.  34"  20'  S. 

Flinders,  a  river  of  Northern  Australia,  flowing  into 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

Flin'ders'  JLand  is  a  name  formerly  given  to  the 
coast  of  Southern  Australia,  between  Ion.  127°  and  140°  E., 
discovered  by  Flinders  in  1802. 

Flinders'  Range,  in  Southern  Australia,  is  a  moun- 
tain-system, extending,  with  its  ramifications,  N.N.E.  from 
about  lat.  32°  S.,  Ion.  138°  E.,  through  the  peninsula  sur- 
rounded by  Lake  Torrens.  Mount  Serle,  its  chief  summit, 
is  in  lat.  30°  30'  S.,  Ion.  138°  40'  E. 

Flines-l^s-Mortagne,  fleen-li-moRH15',  a  village 
of  France,  on  the  Scheldt,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tournay. 
Pop.  1872. 

Flines-I^s-Raches,fleen-1&-r&sh,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Nord,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  4046. 

Flings'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  oo.,  Ky.,  3  milea 
from  Crittenden  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Flinn,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  967. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Leesville. 

F linn's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala. 

Flinsberg,  flins'bSua,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.  Pop.  1760.  It  has 
mineral  springs  and  baths. 

Flint,  or  Flint'shire,  a  county  of  Wales,  having  N. 
the  Irish  Sea,  E.  the  Dee,  and  S.  and  W.  Denbighshire. 
Area,  264  square  miles,  it  being  the  least  of  the  Welsh 
counties.  Surface  level  in  the  N. ;  elsewhere,  finely  diver- 
sified, and  a  mountain-range  runs  parallel  with  the  Dee 
throughout  the  county.  Chief  rivers,  the  Dee  and  Clwyd. 
The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  in  the  plains  and  vales.  Prin- 
cipal agricultural  products,  wheat  and  cattle  of  a  small  but 
excellent  breed,  with  cheese  and  butter.  Its  lead-mines  are 
now  the  most  extensive  in  the  empire ;  those  of  copper  are 
also  valuable,  and  coal,  near  the  Dee,  is  plentifully  obtained 
for  smelting-works  and  for  e.xport.  Chief  towns,  Flint, 
Mold,  St.  Asaph,  Holywell,  Rhuddlan,  and  Hawarden.  The 
county  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons  and 
one  is  returned  for  its  boroughs.     Pop.  (1891)  77,189. 

Flint,  a  seaport  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Flint,  on 
the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  12i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chester. 
It  is  surrounded  by  ancient  intrenchments,  has  the  ruins 
of  a  castle  of  great  strength,  a  county  jail  and  guild  hall, 
considerable  exports  of  coal  and  lead  from  the  large  mines 
in  the  vicinity,  and  imports  of  timber,  &c.  Its  wharves 
are  approached  by  vessels  of  300  tons.     Pop.  5247. 

Flint,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  aboat  300. 

Flint,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  24  miles  W.  of  Jack- 
sonville, is  bounded  E.  by  the  Illinois  River.     Pop.  403. 

Flint,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  W. 
of  Angola,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Flint,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory. 

Flint,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
about  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Flint,  a  flourishing  city  and  the  capital  of  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  is  situated  on  the  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Flint  & 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  East  Saginaw, 
64  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  66  miles  W.  of  Port  Huron. 
The  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad  connects  this  place 
with  Port  Huron.  Flint  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall, 
8  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
6  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill,  3  breweries,  4  flouring-mills,  3 
brick-yards,  3  stave-factories,  manufactures  of  machinery, 
jash,  doors,  blinds,  furniture,  carriages,  Ac,  and  the  state 


institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  which  is  a  largte  and 
ornamental  edifice.  The  high-school  building  cost  $150,000. 
It  also  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  marble-factory,  and  an 
asylum  for  the  insane.  Five  weekly,  a  tri-weekly,  and  2 
daily  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  quantities  of 
lumber  are  exported  from  Flint.     Pop.  in  1890,  9803. 

Flint,  Ontario  co.,  New  York.     See  Flint  Creek. 

Flint,  a  pcst-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in  Sharon 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Qalion 
(at  Westerville  Station),  11  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  ha« 
2  churches.    Pop.  in  1880,  1148. 

Flint  Creek,  Indiana,  a  small  stream  flowing  into  the 
Wabash  near  the  N.  extremity  of  Fountain  co. 

Flint  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  S.E.  through  Des  Moines  co., 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  1  mile  above  Burlington. 

Flint  Creek,  New  York,  intersects  Yates  co.,  rum 
nearly  northward  in  Ontario  co.,  and  enters  the  Canandaigua 
Outlet  about  4  miles  E.  of  Clifton  Springs. 

Flint  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Miss. 

Flint  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Seneca  township,  on  the  Ontario  Southern  Railroad  (at 
Flint  Station),  3  miles  N.  of  Stanley,  and  about  6  miles 
W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  about  20  houses  and  a  manufactory 
of  heading  and  hubs. 

Flint  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles  S. 
of  Oxford. 

Flint  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  about  44 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Flint  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Flint  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rappahannock  co.,  V» 
13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Front  Royal.     It  has  3  churches. 

Flint  Island,  Meade  co.,  Ky.    See  Concordia. 

Flint'on,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Scootamatta  River,  42  miles  N.N.E.  from  Belleville. 
Pop.  100. 

Flint  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  El  Dorado. 

Flint  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Flint  River,  Alabama,  runs  southward  through  Madi- 
son CO.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  about  15  miles  S.  of 
Huntsville.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Flint  River,  Georgia,  rises  about  10  miles  S.  of  At- 
lanta, and  runs  nearly  southward  to  Talbot  co.,  and  south- 
eastward to  Macon  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  flows  south- 
ward to  Albany,  forming  the  eastern  boundary  of  Sumter 
and  Lee  cos.,  and  below  Albany  it  pursues  a  southwestward 
course  until  it  unites  with  the  Chattahoochee  River  at  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  Georgia,  to  form  the  Appalachicola.  The 
length  of  the  Flint  is  estimated  at  400  miles.  Steamboats 
can  ascend  it  to  Albany,  nearly  150  miles. 

Flint  River,  Michigan,  is  formed  by  two  branches, 
which  rise  in  Lapeer  co.  and  unite  in  the  same.  It  runs 
southwestward  to  the  city  of  Flint,  below  which  it  flows 
northwestward  to  the  middle  of  Saginaw  co.  and  unites 
with  the  Shiawassee  to  form  the  Saginaw  River.  Its  length, 
including  one  branch,  is  about  140  miles. 

Flint  River  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  oo., 
Mich. 

Flintshire,  a  county  of  North  Wales.    See  Flint. 

Flint's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  0. 

Flint  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Al- 
leghany CO.,  Md.,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cumberland.  It  has 
2  churches,  public  schools,  a  steam  tannery,  a  canning- 
factory,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Flint'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  at 
Cunningham  Station,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Fayette- 
ville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  distillery. 

Flintville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Suamico  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Howard.  It  has  2 
stores.     There  are  several  lumber-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Flint'y  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Flip'pin,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  3  churches,  a  normal  school, 
and  a  cabinet-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Flip'po's,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Flisk,  a  small  river  of  Ireland,  which  flows  into  tht 
Lake  of  Killarney. 

Flitsch,  flitch,  or  Fless,  plfiss,  a  market-town  of  the 
Tyrol,  50  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Triest.  on  the  Isonzo. 
Pop.  1463.  Near  it  is  the  FliUcher-Klauee  (fliteh'^r- 
klow'z^b),  a  pass  cut  across  the  Julian  Alps  in  1809. 

Flix,  or  Fly,  flecH,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  miles  W.  of 
Tarragona,  on  a  peninsula  of  the  Ebro.  Pop.  2435.  It  b»i 
manufactures  of  linens. 

Flixecourt,  fleex'kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in  SommCf 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1803. 

Flobecq,  flo'bSk',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,Z3 


FLO 


1185 


FLO 


miles  N.E.  of  Tonmay.    Pop.  5250.    It  has  extensive  man- 
afaotures  of  linens. 

Flock'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop.  1116. 

Flod'da,  or  Flad'da,an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  off  the 
N.W.  point  of  Rasay  Island. 

Flod'den,  a  hill  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Wooler.  Around  its  base  was  fought, 
September  9,  1513,  between  the  English  and  Scotch,  the 
battle  of  Flodden  Field,  described  in  the  last  canto  of 
Scott's  "Marmion."  A  pillar  has  been  erected  on  the  spot 
to  commemorate  this  action. 

Flogny,  flon^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  404. 

Floh,  fl5,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  about 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Nesselwasser.    Pop.  1001. 

Flonheim,  flon'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
17  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1721. 

Flood,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  862. 

Flood'wood,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Athens.  Coal 
is  mined  here. 

Flo'ra,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala. 

Flora,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  111.     Pop.  1273. 

Flora,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  111.,  in  Harter  town- 
ship, on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Springfield  division  of  that  railroad,  95  miles  E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  108  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  flouring-mills,  2  chair-factories,  Ac.    P.  (1890)  1695. 

Flora,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  19  miles  by 
rail  (Vanderbilt  Line)  S.S.W.  of  Loganspovt.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  639. 

Flora,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  19  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Flora,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  16  miles 
ST.  of  Berlin.     It  has  a  grist-  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Florae,  flo^rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lozdre,  24  miles 
3.E.  of  Mendo,  on  the  Tarnon.     Pop.  1738. 

Flora  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Men- 
iJlen  township,  about  40  miles  S.W,  of  Harrisburg;  It  has 
H  Friends'  meeting. 

Flora  Falls,  in  the  township  of  Stony  Point,  Rock- 
land CO.,  N.Y.,  is  a  beautiful  cascade  on  Flora  Creek,  which 
lias  worn  a  remarkable  chasm  in  the  sandstone  at  this  place. 

Flo'ral,  a  post-oflBce  or  hamlet  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas, 
cbout  10  miles  N.E.  of  Winfield. 

j     Flo'raville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  11  or 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  church. 
I     Flo'raville,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  near  the 
Hudson  River,  and  i  mile  E.  of  Walton  Station   of  the 
Jforthern  Railroad. 

Floravis'ta,  a  post-oflBce  of  Taos  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Flor'ence  (It.  Fireme,  fe-rfin'zi,  or  Fiorenza,  fe-o-r5n'- 
t\ ;  Fr.  Florence,  flo^r5NSs' ;   Ger.  Florenz,  flo-rdnts' ;  anc. 
iFloren'tia  Tusco'rum),  a  celebrated  city  of  Tuscany,  and  the 
jfcirmer  capital  of  Italy,  at  the  terminus  of  railways  con- 
jnacting  it  with  Prato  and  Pistoja,  with  Arezzo  and  Rome, 
jand  with  Leghorn,  Pisa,  and  Sienna,  143  miles  N.W.  of 
;Rome,  and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leghorn.     Lat.  (cathedral) 
J430  46'  36"  N.;  Ion.  11°  16'  30"  E.     It  is  intersected  by 
ithe  Arno,  which  divides  it  into  two  unequal  parts  (the 
[larger  being  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river),  and  is  crossed  by 
bridges,  one  of  which,  the  Ponte  della  Santa  Trinity,  is  of 
marble,  is  remarkable  for  its  lightness  and  elegance,  and 
•is  adorned  with  statues.     On  either  side  of  the  Arno  is  a 
spacious  quay,  called  the  Lungo  I'Arno,  or  Lung'  Arno 
'i '  along  the  Arno"),  a  favorite  lounge  or  promenade  of  the 
iPlorentines.    The  site  of  the  old  walls  has  been  oonverte<r 
into  spacious  streets  and  promenades,  and  the  town  has 
pushed  out  far  beyond   its  old  limits,  but  the  old  town 
jates  remain.     The  older  streets  are  generally  narrow,  but 
;ire  clean  and  well  paved  with  flagstones.     The  private 
|lwellings  are  mostly  handsome,  and  the  palaces,  of  which 
inhere  are  a  great  many,  are  noble  and  impressive  struc- 
;ure8.     Many  of  these  are  magnificently  fitted  up,  and  con- 
lain  extensive  libraries  and  valuable  collections  of  paint- 
ings, one  of  the  choicest  in  Italy  being  in  the  Pitti  Palace, 
[ormerly  the  residence  of  Luoa  Pitti,  the  formidable  oppo- 
(lent  of  the  Medici  family.     The  city  contains  numerous 
;)i&zza8  or  squares,  the  most  important  of  which,  and  the 
tontre  of  public  life,  is  the  Piazza  della  Signoria,  adorned 
jfith  a  marble  fountain  and  a  bronze  statue  of  Cosmo  I., 

ly  John  of  Bologna.    Several  of  the  other  squares  are  of 

'onsiderable  size. 

'The  most  remarkable  building  in  Florence,  and  perhaps 

pe  most  remarkable  of  the  kind  in  Europe,  is  the  Duomo, 


k 


or  cathedral  of  Santa  Maria  del  Fiore,  situated  in  a  spaoiooa 
square,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  It  is  a  stupen- 
dous edifice,  with  a  dome,  the  largest  in  the  world,  and  said 
to  have  excited  the  admiration  and  emulation  of  Michael 
Angelo.  Opposite  the  gates  of  the  cathedral  is  the  small 
octagonal  church  of  St.  John  (San  Giovanni),  now  used  as  a 
general  baptistery  for  the  city,  and  the  three  bronze  gates  of 
which  are  celebrated  as  the  most  beautiful  castings  extant. 
None  of  the  other  churches,  the  number  of  which  is  said  to 
be  170,  exhibit  any  remarkable  architectural  excellence, 
though  in  many  instances  their  internal  decorations  ar« 
imposing.  The  two  market-places,  the  Mercato  Vecchio 
and  the  Mercato  Nuovo,  are  deserving  of  notice :  the  gallery 
(loggia)  of  the  latter  was  built  by  Cosmo  I.,  from  designs 
by  Tafiso.  These  markets  are  amply  supplied  with  mer- 
chandise and  provisions  of  all  sorts,  and  with  a  profusion 
of  the  most  gorgeous  flowers.  Immediately  behind  and 
extending  S.W.  from  the  Palazzo  Pitti  are  the  Boboli  gar- 
dens, about  li  miles  in  circumference.  Magnificent  lau- 
rels, cypresses,  yuccas,  Ac,  form  their  chief  natural  attrac- 
tions ;  their  artificial  ornaments  consist  of  terraces,  statues, 
and  vases.  The  proudest  boast  of  Florence,  however,  is  its 
grand  gallery.  It  occupies  the  upper  story  of  a  fine  build- 
ing, called  the  Uffizi,  erected  by  command  of  Cosmo  I.,  after 
a  design  by  Vasari.  In  this  gallery  are  contained  speci- 
mens of  painting  and  statuary  by  the  greatest  masters. 

The  Laurentian  Library,  a  long  and  lofty  gallery,  with 
beautiful  windows  of  stained  glass,  contains  upwards  of 
130,000  volumes  and  9000  ancient  MSS.,  equalled  in  im- 
portance by  no  collection,  except  the  Vatican.  The  Maglia- 
becchian  Library  is  the  great  repository  of  printed  books. 
The  library  called  the  Biblioteca  Marucelliana  comprises  a 
large  and  excellent  collection.  The  Biblioteca  Riccardiana 
is  a  fourth  public  library,  founded  in  the  end  of  the  six- 
teenth century  by  Riccardo  Romolo  Riccardi,  and  has  been 
purchased  by  the  government.  The  private  libraries  are 
numerous  and  extensive.  The  national  library  has  280,000 
volumes  and  14,000  MSS.  The  charitable  institutions  of 
this  superb  city  of  palaces  are  many  and  important;  some 
of  them  are  of  very  ancient  date ;  one,  called  the  Buon- 
uomini  (good  men)  di  San  Martino,  has  been  in  existence 
for  400  years.  It  consists  of  a  society  of  gentlemen,  who 
collect  and  distribute  alms  among  the  poor  who  are  ashamed 
to  beg.  Another,  which  has  existed  for  500  years,  called 
the  Misericordia,  is  diffused  over  Tuscany.  Schools  and  other 
literary  and  educational  establishments  are  also  numerous. 

The  manufactures  of  Florence  have  greatly  fallen  off,  but 
still  silk-worms  are  reared  to  a  considerable  extent,  and 
woollens,  silk,  straw  hats,  porcelain,  mosaics,  and  pietra 
dura  are  manufactured,  as  also  numerous  objects  in  the  fine 
arts;  but  the  chief  dependence  of  the  city  is  on  the  visits 
and  temporary  residence  of  foreigners.  The  character  of 
the  climate,  which  is  in  general  fine,  though  somewhat 
foggy  in  autumn,  the  cheapness  and  abundance  of  provi- 
sions, and  the  beauty  of  the  city  itself,  as  well  as  that  of 
its  delightful  vicinity,  studded  with  villas,  country-houses, 
and  gardens,  render  Florence  one  of  the  most  desirable 
places  of  residence  in  Italy.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Florence  holds  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  history  of 
modern  Italy.  It  owes  its  origin  to  a  colony  of  Roman 
soldiers  sent  thither  by  Octavianus  after  the  victory  of 
Perugia,  to  whom  he  allotted  part  of  the  territory  of  the 
colony  of  Fiesole,  established  about  40  years  before  by  Sylla. 
Christianity  was  established  here  in  the  third  century,  and 
early  in  the  fourth  a  bishop  of  Florence  attended  a  coun- 
cil at  Rome.  In  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth  century  the 
city  had  risen  into  importance  through  the  industry  of  its 
inhabitants,  who  had  now  commercial  establishments  in  the 
Levant,  France,  and  other  parts  of  Europe,  and  had  become 
money-changers,  money-lenders,  jewellers,  and  goldsmiths. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century  the  wealthy 
family  of  the  Albizzi  became  chief  rulers  in  Florence.  These 
again  were  overthrown  in  1434  by  Cosmo  de'  Medici,  a 
popular  citizen  and  princely  merchant,  who  assumed  the 
first  place  in  the  state.  On  the  fall  of  the  republic,  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  a  member  of  a  lateral  branch  of  the 
Medici,  the  line  of  Cosmo  having  become  extinct,  was 
made  Duke  of  Florence  by  Charles  V.  The  Medici  con- 
tinued to  rule  till  the  year  1737,  when,  becoming  extinct, 
they  were  succeeded  by  Francis  of  Lorraine,  afterwards 
Emperor  of  Germany.  Florence  was  the  capital  of  Tus- 
cany until  1859,  and  the  capital  of  Italy  from  1860  to 

1871.     Pop.  in  1881,  134,992;  in  1891,  191,453. AcU. 

and  inhab.  Florentine,  flor'§n-tine. 

Florence,  a  fertile  and  well-cultivated  province  of 
Italy,  in  Tuscany,  traversed  by  the  Appennines  and  the  Arno. 
Area,  2263  square  miles.     Capital,  Florence.     Pop.  819,531. 


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Flor'ence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lauderdale  cc, 
Ala.,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River  (here 
crossed  by  a  bridge),  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation, 
and  at  the  lower  end  of  the  Muscle  Shoals,  about  70  miles 
W.  of  Huntsville.  A  branch  railroad  nearly  5  miles  long 
connects  Florence  with  Tuscumbia,  a  station  on  the  Mem- 
phis &  Charleston  Railroad.  It  has  a  normal  college,  9 
churches,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  seminary  for  girls,  called 
Florence  Synodical  College,  a  furnace,  and  2  cotton- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  6012. 

Florence^a  post-village,  capital  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Gila  River,  235  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  75  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Tucson.  It  has  a  United  States  land-office,  a 
bank,  a  public  school,  2  churches,  a  smelting-furnace  for 
silver,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here  is  an  ancient  ruin 
called  Casa  Grande.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Florence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co..  Ark.,  13  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Monticello.  It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, 2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  6 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Los  Angeles.     It  has  a  church. 

Florence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fremont  co.,  Col.,  on  Ar- 
kansas River,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Canon  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  high  and  district  schools,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  oil-works.     Pop.  about  700. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Florence,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Idaho  co., 
Idaho,  is  about  160  miles  N.  of  Bois6  City,  near  the  Salmon 
River  Mountains,  at  an  elevation  of  11,100  feet.  Gold  is 
found  here. 

Florence,  a  post-hamlet  of  >  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois River,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Florence,  a  township  of  Stephenson  co..  111.  Pop. 
1185.     It  contains  Florence  Station. 

Florence,  a  township  of  Will  co..  III.     Pop.  875. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  in 
York  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  60  miles  below  Cincin- 
nati, and  about  28  miles  above  Madison.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Flor- 
ence township,  near  Prairie  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill.  Large 
quantities  of  grain  and  stock  are  shipped  here.  The  name 
of  its  station  is  Norway.     Pop.  313;  of  the  township,  1161. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Cottonwood  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &,  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Newton,  45  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Emporia,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Marion.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  flour-mills,  graded  schools,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  954;  in  1890,  1229. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  common  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages.    Pop.  about  300. 

Florence,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Mill  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad, 
within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Northampton,  and  about 
20  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  sewing  machines,  sew- 
ing-silk, tacks,  silk  underwear,  tooth-brushes,  oil-stoves, 
guns,  and  other  goods.     Pop.  about  2800. 

Florence,  a  post-township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  is  drained  by  the  St.  Joseph 
River.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  915.  Florence  Station  is 
on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 29  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Florence,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  bounded 
N.E.  by  Lake  Pepin.     Pop.  951. 

Florence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  pottery. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church. 

Florence,  a  post-village  in  Florence  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden 
A  Amboy  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bordentown,  and  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4  churches,  an  iron- 
foundry,  pipe-works,  thread-works,  and  a  brick -yard. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Flor- 
ence township,  8  miles  N.  of  Camden,  and  about  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  in  Florence 


township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  6  miles 
from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
several  churches.  The  township  contains  a  village  named 
Birmingham,  has  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1341. 

Florence,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Siuslaw  River,  51  miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of 
Eugene.  It  has  2  churches,  3  salmon-canneries,  4  saw- 
mills, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  444, 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  24 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Florence,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Florence  co., 
S.C.,  39  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Sumter  Court-House,  21 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Marion,  and  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E. 
of  Darlington  Court-House.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a 
graded  school,  a  cotton-oil  mill,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3395. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
44  miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Florence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va.,  65 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Florence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Florence  co.,  Wis., 

25  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Iron  River,  Mich.,  and  65  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Marinette.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  <tc.     Pop.  444. 

Flor'ence,  or  Victo'ria  (also  called  Zone  Mills), 
a  post-village  in  Lambton  co..  Ontario,  on  the  East  Branch  of 
Sydenham  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Newbury.  It  has  grist-, 
shingle-,  and  carding- mi  I  Is,  and  potash-  and  soap-factories. 

Florence  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  cc, 
III.,  in  Florence  township,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Freeport. 

Florence  Station,  a  post-office  of  McCracken  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Paducah. 

Florence  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Nashville.  Cotton  and  grain  are  shipped  here. 
The  battle  of  Stone's  River  was  fought  nearly  2  miles  from 
this  stition,  December  31,  1862-January  2,  1863. 

Fior'enceville,  a  post-office  of  Upson  co.,  Ga. 

Florenceville,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.  | 

Fior'enceville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  N«ir  4 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  20  miles  N.  of  Wood-  .1 
stock.     Pop.  350.  I 

Florenceville  East,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo.,  < 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  and  OB  ( 
the  river  St.  John,  opposite  Florenceville.     Pop.  180.  i 

Florensac,  floV6N"'s&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault, 

26  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  3833. 
Florentia,  or  Florentia  Tuscorum.    See  FtoB-    i 

ENCE.  j 

Florentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Fiorenzuom).  ' 

Florenz,  the  German  name  of  Florence. 

Flores,  flo'ris,  Floris,  flo'rls,  Ende,in'd&,  Mand- 
firei,  mind-fce'ri,  or  Mangarai,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  and  the  largest  of  the  chain  that  extends  from    . 
Java  to  Timor,  mostly  between  lat.  8°  and  9°  S.  and  Ion 
120°  and  123°  E.    Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  about  200  mile- 
average  breadth,  35  miles.     Surface  hilly,  and  on  its 
side  are  several  lofty  volcanic  peaks.    Cotton  of  good  stapls 
is  raised,  but  the  chief  exports  are  sandal-wood,  beea-wtx, 
horses,  and  dyewoods.    The  native  inhabitants  are  a  dark  ,■ 
curly-haired  race,  who  occupy  all  the  islands  hence  E.  to  -! 
Timor  Laut,  in  Ion.  131°  E. ;  on  the  coast  are  several  colo-   t 
nies  of  Malays  and  Boogis,  which  latter  possess  the  valuabla  i 
port  of  Endl,  on  the  S.  coast.     At  its  B.  extremity  is  Lft-   i 
rantuco,  a  Portuguese  station.   The  Strait  of  Flores,  on  the 
E.,  separates  this  island  from  Solor  and  Adenara. 

Flores,  flo'ris,  the  most  W.  of  the  Azores.     Lat.  59" 
25'  N.;  Ion.  31°  12'  W.     Surface  mountainous,  but  fertile 
shores  steep.    The  products  comprise  wheat,  rye,  yam 
fruits,  cedar- wood,  archil,  and  manufactured  woollen  stuft 
Principal  towns,  Santa  Cruz  and  Lagens.     Pop.  10,508. 

Flores,   Argentine    Republic.     See    Carmen  db   >.< 
Flores. 

Flores,  flo'rSs,  an  island  of  the  Plata  estuary,  22  uitl* 
E.  of  Montevideo.     Lat.  34°  66'  S. ;  Ion.  65°  56'  W. 

Flores,  flo'ris,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Vancouver  Island.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
126°  10'  W.     It  is  15  miles  long. 

Flores,  flo'ris,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  280  mill* 
N.E.  of  Goyaz,  near  the  Parang.     Pop.  2400,  / 

Flores  Head,  or  Iron  Cape,  the  most  N.E.  p«u»' 
of  Flores  Island.     Lat.  8°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  122°  50'  E 


I 


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b 


riores  Sea,  that  part  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean  lying 
N.  of  the  island  of  Flores,  and  S.  of  the  island  of  Celebes, 

?:ttending  from  N.  to  S.  upwards  of  three  degrees  of  latitude, 
t  is  interspersed  with  numerous  islets  and  coral  reefs. 
,  Flo'resville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex., 
jan  the  San  Antonio  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio, 
knd  about  95  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Austin.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 
,  Flo'reyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas,  30 
biles  N.  of  Hays  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Floreyville,  or  Rosedale,  a  post-village,  capital  of 

olivar  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  from 
Riverton  Station.  It  has  a  printing-office  and  2  churches. 
jRosedale  is  the  post-office  name. 

1  Floriau,  flo^re-in',  or  Floriana,  flo-re-i'nS,,  a  suburb 
|)f  La  Valetta,  in  Malta.  Here  are  the  residences  of  many 
English  families,  with  Protestant  burial-grounds,  barracks,  a 
)otanic  garden,  and  a  house  of  industry  for  female  children. 

Flor'id,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  111.,  in  Henne- 
)in  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bureau  Junction.  It  has  2 
phurches  and  a  nursery. 

Florida,  flor'§-da  (Sp.  pron.  flo-ree'uJ),  the  southeast- 
brnmost  state  of  the  American  Union,  consisting  mainly  of 
fk  peninsula,  which,  with  the  opposite  peninsula  of  Yucatan 
jirid  the  intervening  W.  portion  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  forms 
r,he  eastern  barrier  of  th6  Gulf  of  Mexico,  converting  that 
ijcdy  of  water  into  the  Mediterranean  of  the  New  World. 
pie  state  is  bounded  N.  by  Alabama  and  Georgia,  E.  by  the 
V^lantic  Ocean,  S.  by  the  Straits  of  Bimini  and  the  Gulf 
if  Mexico,  and  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Me.xico  and  Alabama. 

■ea,  58,680  square  miles.  Its  extreme  limits  are  in  lat. 
4°  30'  and  31°  N.  and  79°  48'  and  87°  38'  W.  (Greenwich). 
1 1  southern  keys  or  islets  are  the  southernmost  points  within 
is  limits  of  the  United  States. 

Face  of  the  CouHtry. — The  whole  peninsula  (275  miles 
;oag  and  90  miles  in  average  breadth)  is  low,  having  few 
ki  Is  which  attain  the  height  of  200  feet  above  sea-level. 
CI  Q  surface  is  considerably  diversified  by  low  elevations,  and 
Wary  where  forest  trees  abound,  except  in  portions  of  the 
E\  erglades  and  upon  the  sandy  keys  off  the  coast.  There 
Uo  innumerable  lakes,  of  which  the  largest  is  the  shallow 
dieechobee  in  the  S.  Swamps  and  marshes  are  numerous. 
t>f  these  we  may  notice  the  Everglades  in  the  S.,  covering 
jwre  than  two  million  acres,  the  Kissimee  and  Cypress 
|Wimps,  N.  of  Lake  Okeechobee,  and  the  Okefinokee  swamp, 
frbich  is  mostly  in  the  state  of  Georgia,  but  extends  south- 
jrard  into  this  state  for  a  considerable  distance.  Springs 
.ni  abundant,  and  often  discharge  copious  supplies  of 
rater,  and  in  many  cases  the  watfers  have  saline  and  other 
lioeral  constituents  which  impart  valuable  sanative  quali- 
les.  It  is  believed  that  the  fables  once  current  in  Spanish 
Ind  Indian  legends  regarding  the  Fountain  of  Youth  had 
fel'erence  to  some  one  or  more  of  these  medicinal  springs. 
Methods  for  reclaiming  the  swamp-lands  in  the  S.,  by  aflford- 
ng  an  outlet  for  the  waters  of  Lake  Okeechobee,  were  dis- 
lussed  for  many  years,  and,  in  January,  1881,  the  state  made 
I  contract  with  a  syndicate  of  Philadelphia  capitalists  to 
»ut  such  a  scheme  into  practical  operation,  the  land  thus 

t claimed  to  be  shared  by  both  parties.  After  several  years 
e  work  was  successfully  consummated.  Water  commu- 
lication  was  established  between  Kissimmee  City  in  the 
entre  of  the  peninsula  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  by  way 
f  Kissimmee  River,  Lake  Okeechobee,  several  smaller 
»ke8,  and  Caloosahatchee  River.  Millions  of  acres  were 
ieclaimed,  and  portions  of  the  state  before  inaccessible 
jfere  opened  for  development.  At  the  same  time  a  company 
fas  formed  to  establish  an  inland  route  of  water  communi- 
^tion  from  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John's  River  to  Biscayne 
>ay.  This  water  highway,  270  miles  in  length,  utilizes 
Pablo  Creek,  North,  Matanzas,  Halifax,  and  Indian  Rivers. 
|here  are  numerous  rivers,  several  of  which  (the  St.  John's, 
be  Ocklawaha,  the  Appalachicola,  the  St.  Mary's,  Ac.) 
te  navigated  by  steamers.  The  scenery  on  the  St.  John's 
I  remarkably  beautiful.  The  coast-line  extends  nearly 
BOO  miles.  There  are  numerous  bays,  sounds,  and  lagoons, 
[artioularly  along  the  Gulf  coast ;  and  they  are  generally 
put  in  from  the  sea  by  keys  and  low  spits  composed  of  sand, 
roken  coral,  and  shells.  A  few  of  the  southern  keys  are 
DTored  with  hard,  rocky  knolls.  Many  are  grassy  or  clothed 
fitli  a  jungle  of  shrubs  and  trees  which  are  West  Indian 
*ther  than  continental  in  character ;  and  some  of  the  keys 
»ve  a  good  soil.  The  principal  harbors  and  ports  are  Fer- 
Jandina,  Jacksonville  on  the  St.  John's,  and  St.  Augustine, 
^  the  E.  coast ;  Key  West,  in  the  S. ;  Charlotte  Harbor, 
fampa  Bay,  Cedar  Keys,  St.  Mark's,  Punta  Rassa,  Appa- 
^ohicola,  and  Pensacola,  on  the  Gulf  side. 
;  Gfolijyy  and  Minerals. — Except  a  long  narrow  strip  of  the 


tertiary  extending  along  the  northern  boundary,  Florida  is 
entirely  of  post-tertiary  origin,  and  is  mainly  based  upon 
coral-beds,  which,  according  to  Agassiz,  have  gradually  ex- 
tended southward,  during  a  period  of  not  less  than  60,000 
years,  and  have  not  yet  finished  their  growth,  the  southern 
keys  enclosing  a  shallow  sound  which  seems  destined  to  be 
changed  to  a  marshy  everglade  and  ultimately  to  become 
dry  land.  The  principal  mineral  products  of  the  state  are 
shell  and  coral  limestone ;  coquina,  a  useful  shell-conglom- 
erate employed  as  a  building-material;  clay  suitable  foi 
making  pottery  and  bricks ;  and  a  peaty  material  which  is 
abundant  in  the  swamps  and  low  hammocks,  but  is  not 
utilized  for  any  industrial  purpose.  Bog-iron  ore  is  reported 
to  exist  in  the  interior.  'The  fossil  remains  of  extinct  ani- 
mals found  in  various  portions  of  the  state  have  led  to  the 
belief  that  phosphate  deposits  existed.  The  actual  dis- 
covery of  valuable  phosphate  rocks  was  announced  by  the 
state  geologist  in  1887,  and  in  1889  companies  were  formed 
to  mine  what  appears  to  be  an  almost  inexhaustible  supply 
of  the  richest  fertilizer  yet  discovered.  Deposits  occur  in 
Citrus,  Marion,  Wakulla,  Jefferson,  and  other  counties, 

Anhnal  Life. — Florida  is  a  great  resort  for  the  hunter  and 
fisherman.  Among  the  game  animals  are  deer,  a  small 
variety  of  the  black  bear,  the  raccoon,  and  the  opossum. 
Alligators  abound  in  lakes  and  streams,  and  a  true  crocodile 
is  said  to  exist  in  the  south.  The  manatee,  or  sea-cow,  a 
large  Sirenian,  which  formerly  browsed  in  great  numbers 
along  the  shores,  is  now  not  common.  Wild  turkeys  are 
abundant,  and  waterfowl  and  other  game  birds  are  extremely 
plentiful  in  the  more  remote  sections  of  the  state.  Many 
birds  seldom  seen  elsewhere  in  the  United  States  make  this 
state  their  resort.  Among  the  valuable  food  fishes  are  shad, 
black  and  other  bass,  sheepshead,  mullet,  grouper,  <fec.  The 
green  turtle  is  often  taken  among  the  keys.  Sharks  of  large 
size  haunt  the  shores.  Rattlesnakes  and  other  dangerous 
serpents  are  common,  and  in  the  marshy  region  the  insect 
tribes  are  at  certain  seasons  very  annoying.  In  the  south- 
ern sounds  the  taking  of  sponges  is  an  important  industry. 
Much  of  the  wild  land  is  well  adapted  to  pasturage. 

Soil,  Vegetation,  Agriculture. — All  qualities  of  soil  are 
found,  from  the  pine  barrens,  which  produce  little  besides 
lumber  and  forest  products,  to  the  fertile  hammock  lands, 
some  of  which  are  as  productive  as  any  soil  in  the  world. 
When  ditched  and,drained,  the  swamp  lands  are  often  very 
valuable.  Next  in  value  are  the  "  low  hammock"  lands, 
which  are  highly  prized  and  very  prolific.  The  great  "  Gulf 
hammock"  is  a  large  tract  in  the  W.,  especially  adapted  to 
the  growth  of  sugar-cane.  "  High  hammock"  lands  are 
less  durable  and  require  more  fertilizing  than  the  lower 
lands,  but  are  perhaps  better  adapted  to  general  culture,  and 
are  more  healthful ;  and  even  the  light  sandy  pine,  hickory, 
and  oak  lands,  properly  treated  with  manures  and  judici- 
ously managed,  will  in  many  parts  of  the  state  yield  profit  • 
able  crops.  The  natural  vegetation  of  Florida  is  very  rich, 
and  the  state  is  capable  of  affording  abundant  supplies  of 
timber  and  forest  products.  The  long-leaved  pine,  the  ex- 
cellent (evergreen)  live-oak,  juniper  or  red  cedar,  hickory, 
and  other  timbers  are  extensively  sawn  and  exported. 
Among  the  rare  trees  is  the  Torreya,  or  stinking  yew ;  and 
in  the  extreme  S.  grow  the  mahogany,  the  deadly  manchi- 
neel,  Jamaica  kino,  the  cachibou  gum-tree,  the  satin-wood, 
the  lignum-vitse,  the  Indian  almond  tree,  the  cocoanut,  the 
canella,  and  other  trees  which  are  seen  nowhere  else  in  the 
United  States.  Several  species  of  palmetto  are  found  in 
Florida.  The  Zamia  integrifolia,  a  curious  cycad,  grows  in 
the  S.E.  abundantly,  and  from  its  root  a  starch  called  Flor- 
ida arrowroot  has  been  produced.  Of  cotton,  both  the  long 
and  the  short  staple  kinds  are  grown.  Sugar-cane  is  chiefly 
raised  along  the  Gulf  coast.  Indian  corn  and  rice  are  the 
principal  cereals,  and  the  latter  grain  is  well  adapted  to  the 
climate  and  soils  of  Florida.  An  important  and  lucrative 
industry  of  late  is  the  cultivation  of  early  garden  vegetables 
for  the  Northern  markets.  The  vine  grows  here  to  perfec- 
tion, and  some  attention  has  been  given  to  the  manufacture 
of  wine.  A  great  deal  of  capital  has  been  profitably  in- 
vested in  the  planting  of  orange-groves.  The  orange  grows 
wild  here,  and  in  the  central  and  southern  parts  of  the  state 
there  is  no  fear  of  killing  frosts.  The  oranges  of  Florida 
are  of  excellent  quality.  Figs,  limes,  lemons,  guavas,  pome- 
granates, olives,  and  other  subtropical  fruits  do  finely  in  the 
larger  portion  of  the  state.  In  the  S.  are  grown  pineapples, 
bananas,  Ac.  Tobacco  is  largely  grown.  The  rearing  of 
neat  cattle  is  a  very  important  occupation  in  the  S.  and  W. 
The  cattle  are  small,  and  are  mostly  shipped  alive  to  Ha- 
vana.    The  pasture-grasses  are  inexhaustibly  abundant. 

The  climate  is  singularly  equable ;  the  state  lies  so  far 
S.  that  it  very  rarely  experiences  severe  cold,  and  its  sum- 


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mer  heat  is  tempered  and  qualified  by  the  seas  on  either 
hand.  Notwithstanding  the  copious  rainfall,  there  are  oc- 
casional severe  droughts.  Many  thousands  yearly  make 
Florida  a  winter  resort ;  and  large  numbers  of  consump- 
tives and  other  invalids  have  found  the  climate  of  the  dry 
pine  regions  very  beneficial.  Malarial  and  remittent  fevers 
prevail  in  some  sections ;  and  yellow  fever  is  an  occasional 
visitant  of  the  seaports. 

Manufactures,  d;c. — The  manufacture  of  pine  lumber, 
spars,  live-oak  ship-timber,  and  naval  storef  (rosin,  tar,  oil  of 
turpentine,  Ac),  the  taking  and  preparation  of  sponges  for 
market,  and  the  cigar-manufacture  (of  which  Key  West  is 
the  seat),  are  all  industries  of  importance.  Pensacola  is  now 
the  principal  seat  of  the  lumber-trade.  Juniper  (red  cedar) 
window-sash  is  manufactured  to  some  extent  for  the  general 
market  at  several  points.  The  fisheries  employ  some  capital, 
chiefly  in  the  south.  Salt  is  made  by  solar  evaporation,  and 
cotton-seed  oil  and  oil-cake  are  made  and  exported.  Alli- 
gator skins  are  prepared  for  the  manufacture  of  boots  and 
shoes  quite  largely.  Palmetto  hats  and  braids  are  impor- 
tant articles  of  domestic  manufacture. 

Railroads. — The  railroad  facilities  of  Florida  have  in- 
creased in  recent  years  to  a  remarkable  degree.  There  were 
in  1891  2490  miles  of  railroad  in  the  state. 

Education. — The  public  school  system  is  supported  by  a 
fund  accruing  from  the  sale  of  public  school  lands,  and 
amounting  in  1889  to  $556,384.25,  by  state  and  county 
taxes,  by  the  Peabody  fund,  and  by  other  contributions. 
The  public  institutions  for  higher  education  are  the  Florida 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  at  Lake  City,  two 
state  seminaries, — one  at  Gainsville,  the  other  at  Talla- 
hassee,— a  state  normal  school  for  white  teachers  at  De 
Funiak  Springs,  and  another  for  colored  teachers  at  Tal- 
lahassee. There  are  137  private  and  denominational  insti- 
tutions of  various  grades,  several  of  them  for  the  higher 
education  of  negroes.  Among  the  most  important  are 
RoUin's  College  at  Winter  Park  (Congregational),  the  John 
Stetson  University  at  De  Land  (Baptist),  and  two  Metho- 
dist colleges, — one  at  Leesburg  and  the  other  at  Orange. 

Coxmties  and  Towns. — There  are  45  counties,  namely, 
Alachua,  Baker,  Bradford,  Brevard,  Calhoun,  Citrus,  Clay, 
Columbia,  Dade,  De  Soto,  Duval,  Escambia,  Franklin, 
Gadsden,  Hamilton,  Hernando,  Hillsborough,  Holmes,  Jack- 
son, Jeflferson,  Lafayette,  Lake,  Lee,  Leon,  Levy,  Liberty, 
Madison,  Manatee,  Marion,  Monroe,  Nassau,  Orange,  Osce- 
ola, Pasco,  Polk,  Putnam,  Saint  John's,  Santa  Rosa,  Sumter, 
Suwanee,  Taylor,  Volusia,  Wakulla,  Walton,  and  Washing- 
ton. Among  the  important  towns  are  Tallahassee,  the 
capital  (pop.  in  1890,  2933) ;  Key  West  (18,080),  Jackson- 
ville (17,201),  Pensacola,  the  seat  of  a  United  States  navy- 
yard  (11,750);  St.  Augustine,  probably  the  oldest  town  in 
the  United  States ;  Fernandina,  Palatka,  Orlando,  Lake 
City,  Tampa,  and  Ocala. 

Constitution,  dec. — The  first  constitution  of  the  state  was 
adopted  in  1845 ;  another  in  1865 ;  that  now  in  force,  in 
1868.  It  asserts  in  the  strongest  terms  the  principles 
which  controlled  the  "  reconstruction  policy"  of  the  United 
States  government  from  1865  to  1870,  and  in  equally  strong 
language  repudiates  the  principles  of  the  old  state-rights 
party.  The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  four  years,  as 
are  the  state  senators,  24  in  number;  while  the  53  members 
of  the  assembly  (the  lower  house)  are  elected  for  two  years. 
Voters  must  have  resided  in  the  state  one  year,  and  in  the 
county  six  months.  Judges  are  appointed  for  life  by  the 
governor,  and  are  removable  for  misconduct.  Florida  sends 
two  members  to  the  United  States  house  of  representatives. 

History. — Discovered  in  1512  by  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  it 
was  named  Florida  either  on  account  of  the  profusion  of 
wild  flowers  he  found  upon  its  savannahs,  or  because  he 
landed  upon  the  pascua  fiorida,  or  "  flowery  Easter,"  of  that 
year.  The  name  was  by  the  Spanish  writers  of  that  day 
given  to  a  great  territory  lying  to  the  N.  and  W.  also. 
Here  Ponce  made  a  tedious  and  bootless  quest  in  search  of 
the  Fountain  of  Youth,  which  should  renew  his  strength 
and  beauty.  Later  expeditiont  were  made  by  the  same 
explorer  in  1516,  by  Vasquez  in  1520,  by  Verazzani  in  1523, 
by  De  Garay  in  1524,  and  by  the  unfortunate  De  Narvaez  in 
1528.  Fernando  de  Soto  marched,  1539-42,  through  Florida 
to  the  Mississippi,  and  there  died. 

In  1665,  Menendez  hanged,  as  heretics,  the  members  of  a 
French  Huguenot  colony  planted  in  1564  where  St.  Augus- 
tine stands ;  and  in  a  short  time  a  French  officer  avenged 
their  murder  by  hanging  their  Spanish  successors  to  the 
same  trees.  The  permanent  settlement  (Spanish)  of  St.  Au- 
gustine dates  from  1565.  In  1696  the  French  founded  Pen- 
sacola. St.  Augustine  was  often  attacked  and  once  (1586) 
captured  by  English   forces.     From  1763   to   1783,  Great 


Britain  possessed  the  country,  when  by  treaty  it  passed 
again  into  Spanish  occupation.  In  1812  and  1818,  Jack- 
son occupied  Pensacola;  and  in  1819  the  United  States 
acquired  the  whole  region  by  treaty,  including  also  the 
Spanish  colony  of  West  Florida,  which  extended  from  the 
river  Perdido  westward  to  the  Mississippi, — the  present 
state  of  Florida  being  the  "  East  Florida"  of  the  Spaniards. 
In  1822  the  territorial  government  was  organized.  In  1836 
began  the  terrible  and  costly  war  with  the  Seminole  In- 
dians, whose  remnants  in  1846  were  for  the  most  part 
induced  to  remove  to  the  Indian  Territory.  The  state  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  in  1845,  and  passed  an  ordinance  of 
secession  in  1861.  In  1864  the  national  troops  were  badly 
defeated  atOlustee.  In  1865  a  new  constitution  was  formed, 
but  the  state  was  not  re-admitted  to  representation  in  Con- 
gress until  1868.  Since  1865  there  has  been  a  large  immi- 
gration from  the  North,  and  for  more  than  half  the  year  a 
great  number  of  invalids  and  others  make  Florida  their 
temporary  abode,  on  account  of  its  agreeable  and  healthful 
winter  climate. 

Population,  in  1830,  34,730 ;  in  1840,  54,477 ;  in  1850, 
87,445;  in  1860,  140,424;  in  1870,  188,248,  including 
91,689  colored  people  and  502  Indians.  The  latter  lire 
principally  in  the  morasses  of  the  far  south.  The  popula- 
tion in  1880  was  269,493;  in  1890,  391,422. 

Florida,  a  post-ofiice  of  La  Plata  co..  Col. 

Florida,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Anderson. 

Florida,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  W. by 
the  river  Wabash.     Pop.  2110. 

Florida,  a  post-township  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  it 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Deerfield  River,  and  traversed  by 
the  Iloosac  Tunnel.  It  contains  a  village  named  Hoosac 
Tunnel,  on  the  Vermont  <fe  Massachusetts  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  North  Adams.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  436. 

Florida,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  is  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Middle  and  North  Forks  of  Salt  River, 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Mexico.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
district  schools,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  124. 

Florida,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  lying  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  S.  of  the  Mohawk.  It  contains  Fort  Hunter, 
Minaville,  Fort  Jackson,  and  Scotch  Bush.     Pop.  2296. 

Florida,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Goshen,  and  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
butter-  and  cheese- factory,  and  the  S.  S.  Seward  Seminary. 
This  was  the  native  place  of  the  statesman  William  H.  Sew- 
ard, whose  father.  Judge  S.  S.  Seward,  here  founded  a  sem- 
inary and  endowed  it  with  $20,000.     Pop.  about  750. 

Florida,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in  Flat  Rock 
township,  on  the  Maumee  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  k 
Erie  Canal,  9. miles  below  Defiance,  and  2i  miles  from 
Okolona  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Florida  Bay,  a  body  of  water  at  the  S.  end  of  Florida, 
between  Florida  Reefs  and  the  mainland. 

Florida,  Gulf  of.  See  Bahama  Channel,  and  Gulf 
Stream. 

Florida  Reefs  (or  Keys),  an  almost  continuous  chain 
of  small  islands  and  sand-banks,  reefs,  or  keys,  extending 
from  Cape  Florida  in  a  S.W.  direction  for  a  distance  of  220 
miles,  the  whole  lying  in  a  bow  or  curve.  They  are  very 
numerous.  Among  the  principal  may  be  mentioned  Key 
or  Cayo  Largo  and  Cayo  Hueso  (Bone  Key,  Thompson's 
Island,  or  Key  West),  on  which  the  city  of  Key  West  is  built 

Floridia,  flo-ree'de-i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  7 
miles  W.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  8492. 

Floridsdorf,  flo'rits-doRf,  called  also  Florisdort, 
flo'ris-doRf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  4  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Vienna.     Pop.  2873. 

Flor'in,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Sacramento. 

Florinas,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Fitjlinas. 

Flo'ris,  a  post-village  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lick 
Creek  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  P«»fi« 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Eldon,  and  about  14  miles  S.  of 
Ottumwa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Flor'isant,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  3  miles  from  Ferguson  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  churcH 
and  2  or  3  schools ;  also  an  establishment  of  the  Jesuits, 
and  a  community  of  nuns  of  Loreto. 

Floris  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  ^^obes. 
Flor'issant,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  36  miief 
by  rail  W.  of  Colorado  Springs.     It  has  a  church,  a  news 
paper  office,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  439. 


FLO 


1189 


FLU 


F15rsheim,  iloRs'hime,  a  village  of  Prussia,  35  miles 
5.E.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Main.     Pop.  2223. 
I  F15rsheim,  or  Ober FI6rsneim,  o'b^r floRs'hIme, 
k,  town  of  Hesse,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     It  is  an 
tccient  commandery  of  the  Teutonic  order.     Pop.  1049. 

Flo'ta,  or  Flo'tay,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  adja- 
,ent  to  Faray,  3  miles  in  length. 

I  Flours'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
;  miles  from  Jonesborough.   It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Flour'town,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  10 
'niles  by  mil  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church.  Iron 
Ire  is  mined  here. 

FloWil'la)  a  post-village  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles  by 
'ail  S.£.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
chool,  <S;o.     Pop.  422, 

Flow'er  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on 
lie  S.W.  coast,  40  miles  from  Cape  Norman. 

Flower  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich., 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Hart.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Flow'erfield,  a  post-village  in  Flowerfield  township, 
t.  Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  is  on  Stony  Creek,  1  mile  from  the 
<ake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  17  miles 
f  by  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
jod  manufactures  of  flour,  vinegar,  <fec.  Pop.  210;  of  the 
»wnship,  1419. 

:  l*'lower  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 
j  Flower's  Island  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay, 

evfoundland,  9  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  82. 

Ji'lowers  Place,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Miss. 

J'^low'erton,  a  station   in   Sussex    co.,  Del.,  on    the 

0  'Chester  &  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Seaford. 
I'low'erville,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ind. 
I'Mow'ery  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co,,  Ga.,  44 
iles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 

er  office,  a  high  school,  a  furniture-factory,  &c.     P.  350. 

'low'ery  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish,La. 
Flowing  (flo'ing)  Spring,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa., 

he  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Hollidaysburg  &  Williams- 
irj  Branch),  9  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg. 
I'loy,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 
I'loyd,  a  northwestern  county  of  Georgia,  bordering 

1  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  539  square  miles.  It  is 
ained  by  the  Coosa  River  and  its  branches,  the  Etowah 
id  Oostenaula  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Rome  to  form  the 
lOiia.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  beautiful  mountain- 
aiery,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the 
11 3ys  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
B  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county 
B  iron,  slate,  and  plumbago.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
>Hie  Railroad,  the  Eastern  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
ailroad,  and  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad,  all  of  which 
mnunicate  with  Rome,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1870, 17,230  ; 

Jim  24,418;  in  1890,  28,391. 

^^Hpyd,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
^IPlO  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
^Tm  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Indian  Creek.  The 
rface  is  hilly.  Among  its  prominent  features  are  steep 
la  called  the  Knobs,  which  are  about  500  feet  high.     The 

I  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats.  Limestone  and 
te  are  abundant  in  this  county,  which  also  has  plenty 
good  timber.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New 
bany  &  Chicago,  Ohio  &  Mississippi,  Pennsylvania,  and 

'ler  railroads.  Capital,  New  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
:^00;  in  1880,  24,590;  in  1890,  29,458. 
Floyd,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
ipa  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cedar 
il  Shell  Rock  Rivers,  which  run  southeastward  and  are 
iirly  parallel.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies 
ti  tracts  of  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
<  n,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
'  inty  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Chicago,  Milwau- 

I I  A  St.  Paul,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  North- 
t ,  and  the  Cedar  Fa,lls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illi- 
1  8  Central,  the  first-  and  last-named  roads  communicating 
vh  Charles  City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,768;  in 
liO,  14,677;  in  1890,  15,424. 

Ployd,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
^a  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
^istFork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  and  also  drained  by  Caney 
(>ek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  for- 
'p;  the  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn  and 
{(k  are  among  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valu- 
aJB  beds  of  coal.  Capital,  Prestonsburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
il7;  in  1880,  10,176;  in  1890,  11,256. 

5'loyd,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  a  part  of 
•  Staked  Plain.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Catfish  Creek, 
ipa,  1100  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  3  ;  in  1890,  529. 


Floyd,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  444  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  a  small 
aflluent  of  New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  which  divides  it  from  Pat- 
rick and  Franklin  counties.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  bay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  here. 
Capital,  Floyd  Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870,  9824;  in  1880, 
13,255;  in  1890,  14,405. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  111.     Pop.  841. 

Floyd,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the 
Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  above  Charles  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
The  township  has  also  a  station  (Floyd  Crossing)  on  the 
Iowa  &  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Charles  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  979. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  399. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  246. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  60. 

Floyd,  a  post-village,  capital  of  West  Carroll  parish. 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Macon,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Vicks- 
burg.  Miss.  It  has  a  church,  a  good  court-house,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  157. 

Floyd,  or  Floyd  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Floyd  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Utica. 
It  has  a  church.  Pop.  95.  The  township  contains  Cam- 
roden,  and  has  4  cheese-factories  and  a  pop.  of  1144. 

Floyd  Conrt-House,  or  Jack'sonville,  the  capital 
of  Floyd  CO.,  Va.,  is  about  82  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  spokes  and  handles.  Pop.  about  500.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Floyd  Court-House. 

Floyd  Hill,  a  station  in  Clear  Creek  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Hawk. 

Floyd's,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  630. 

Floyd's,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2133. 

Floyds'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  La  Grange. 

Floyd's  Creek,  or  Floyd's  Fork,  Eentuoky,  rises 
in  Shelby  co.,  runs  southward  through  Jefferson  co.,  and 
enters  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River  at  Shepherdsville. 

Floyd's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Mo. 

Floyd's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefl^erson  oo.,  Ky.,  at 
Beckley  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Floyd's  Knobs,  Floyd  co.,  Ind.    See  MooREsriLLB. 

Floyd  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Floyd's  River  rises  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  runs 
S.W.  through  Sioux  and  Plymouth  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  at  Sioux  City.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Floyds'ville,  a  post-office  of  Crockett  oo.,  Tenn. 

Fliielen,  flii'§-l§n,  or  Fllihlen,  flU'len,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  on  the  Lake  of  Uri,  2  miles  N.  of 
Altorf.  Here  is  a  chapel  erected  to  the  memory  of  William 
Tell  in  1388,  and  resorted  to  annually  by  a  large  concourse 
of  persons  in  Ascension  week.     Pop.  799. 

Flume,  The,  a  place  of  summer  resort  in  the  Franco- 
nia  Mountains,  is  in  the  town  of  Lincoln,  Grafton  co.,  N.H. 
A  small  stream  here  flows  for  600  feet  through  a  deep  caHon 
between  rocky  walls  some  65  feet  high,  and  a  huge  ooulder 
is  suspended  between  the  walls  at  a  point  where  they  are 
not  more  than  10  feet  asunder.     It  is  16  miles  from  Littleton. 

Flumendosa,  floo-mdn-do'si  (anc.  Sm'phusf),  a  rive, 
of  Sardinia,  which,  after  a  S.  and  E.  course  of  60  miles^ 
enters  the  sea  on  the  E.  coast,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari. 

Flumini-Majori,  floo'me-ne-m4-yo'ree,  a  village  on 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Iglesias.     P.  2135. 

F I  urns,  flooms,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  23 
miles  S.  of  St.  Gall,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Seez.     P.  2783. 

Flunona,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Fianona. 

Flush'ing,  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
J  of  a  mile  N.  of  Falmouth. 

Flush'ing  (Dutch,  Vlissingen,  flis'sing-^n;  Pr.  FIm- 
singue,  flSs^siu"')*  *  fortified  seaport  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Walcheren,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Western  Scheldt.  Lat.  of  the  light-house, 
61°  26'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  34'  7"  E.  It  is  strongly  defended, 
and  has  2  harbors,  with  moles,  dock-yards,  wet-docks,  and 
an  observatory.  It  is  a  railway  terminus  and  the  seat 
of  an  admiralty  board,  and  has  an  extensive  trade,  its  port 
being  one  of  the  best  in  the  country.     Pop.  8929. 

Flush'ing,  a  post- village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  River,  in  Flushing  township,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Saginaw,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Flint.     It  has  2  grist-milli 


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2  saw-mills,  a  high  school,  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
ofiBce,  a  furniture-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  965  ;  of  the  township,  2444. 

Flushing,  a  post- village  in  Flushing  township.  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Flushing  Creek,  an  inlet  of  Flushing  Bay  (a 
part  of  Long  Island  Sound),  on  the  North  Shore  Branch 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  9  miles  E.  of  New  York 
City.  Steam  ferry-boats  ply  regularly  between  College 
Point  and  92d  street,  New  York.  It  contains  2  banks,  8 
churches,  the  Flushing  Institute,  St.  Mary's  Seminary,  St. 
Joseph's  Academy,  a  private  asylum  for  the  insane,  a  con- 
vent, and  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  ofBces.  Here 
are  several  large  nurseries  and  gardens.  Pop.  in  1890, 
8463.  The  township  contains  also  College  Point,  Bay  Side, 
Whitestone,  and  Little  Neck,  and  has  manufactures  of  silk, 
india-rubber,  tin,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  19,80.3. 

Flushing,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  .38  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  New  Philadelphia,  and  about  20  miles 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  ofiBce,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  528. 

Flusor,  the  ancient  name  of  Chienti. 

Fluteville,  Conn.    See  Hallington. 

Fluvan'na,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  James  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Rivanna  River,  the  Hardware  River,  and  Byrd  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Gold  has  been  found  here.  The  James  River  Canal  and 
the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railway  pass  along  the  S.  border 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Palmyra.  Pop.  in  1870,  9875; 
in  1880,  10,802j  in  1890,  9508. 

Fluvanna,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort*  of  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  S.E.  end  of  Chautauqua  Lake,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  a  church,  a  dis- 
trict school,  a  dry-plate  factory,  a  stump-machine  works, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  cider-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fly  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.T.,  3  miles 
from  Cooperstown,  and  about  65  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  machine-shops,  a  pail-factory,  and  2 
furnaces.     It  is  in  Otsego  township. 

Fly  Mountain,  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Kingston  township,  2  miles  from  the  Wallkill  Valley  Rail- 
road, and  about  90  miles  N.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  »f  lime  and  cement. 

Flynn,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  155. 

Flynn's  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn., 
48  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Gallatin.     It  has  a  church. 

Fly  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Railroad  (at  Summit  Sta- 
tion), 26  miles  N.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Foaty,  fo'te,  or  Fo'ta,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  in 
Cork  Harbor,  6  miles  N.  of  Queenstown,  connected  by 
bridges  with  the  mainland  and  with  Great  Island. 

Foca,  fo'ki,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Calabar  River.  It  contains  a  town  of 
the  same  name,  and  furnishes  wood,  water,  and  provisions. 

Fochabers,  foK'a-b§rz,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Mo- 
ray, on  the  Spey,  9  miles  E.  of  Elgin.  Pop.  1227.  It  is 
very  neatly  built.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond's magnificent  Gordon  Castle. 

Focsani,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Foktchany. 

Fogaras,  fo*goh'r6sh',  or  Fraget  Schmarkt,  fri'- 
ghfit  shmaRkt,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aloota 
(Aluta),  55  miles  E.  of  Hermannstadt.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop  (Roumanian  rite),  and  has  a  Protestant 
gymnasium  and  an  old  fortress.     Pop.  4714. 

Fogaras,  a  county  of  Transylvania,  bounded  S.  by 
Roumania,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  so-called  Tran- 
aylvanian  Alps,  a  part  of  the  Carpathian  range.  Area, 
720  square  miles.     Capital,  Fogaras.     Pop.  86,943. 

Fogelsville,  fo'gl'z-vil,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co.. 
Pa.,  near  the  Catasauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  if  miles 
from  Chapman  Station  (Litzenberg),  and  about  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  3  churches,  flour-  and  feed- 
mills,  steam  saw-mills,  a  stone-quarry,  beds  of  iron  ore,  and 
a  foundry  with  a  machine-shop. 

Foggia,  fod'ji,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Foggia,  in  the  great  plain  of  Apulia,  at  a  railwaj'  junc- 
tion, 80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  38,138.  It  is  well 
built,  but  unhealthy.  The  principal  structures  are  the  gov- 
ernor's residence,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  about  20  other  churches, 
a  theatre,  the  corn-magazines  (foaae),  extending  under  a 
lar^e  part  of  the  city,  and  a  public  park  and  botanic  garden. 
Foggia  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  entrepot  of  a  large  trade 
in  corn,  wool,  cheese,  cattle,  wine,  oil,  and  capers. 


Foggia,  formerly  Capitanata,  ki-pee-ti-ni'tA,  s 
province  of  Italy,  in  Apulia,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the 
Adriatic.  Though  in  great  part  mountainous,  it  is  well 
watered  and  fertile.  Area,  2955  square  miles.  Capital, 
Foggia.     Pop.  322,758. 

Foggy  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Eudokeef. 

Foglia,  f61'yS.,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  on  the  E.  slope  of 
the  Apennines,  in  Tuscany,  3  miles  W.  of  Sestino,  and  falli 
into  the  Adriatic  at  Pesaro.     Length,  40  miles. 

Fogliara,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Phocea. 

Foglizzo,  fol-yit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  2876. 

Foglo,  fo'glo*,  an  island  of  Russia,  Aland  group,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  20°  30'  E. 

Fo'go,  or  Fuego,  foo-i'go  or  fwi'go  (i.e.,  "fire," 
named  from  its  volcano),  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands, 
W.  of  Santiago,  nearly  circular,  and  40  miles  in  circum- 
ference. It  is  formed  almost  entirely  of  the  slopes  of  a 
volcanic  mountain  9157  feet  in  elevation.  The  first  erup- 
tion of  this  volcano  on  record  occurred  in  1680,  and  the 
last,  which  caused  great  destruction,  on  the  9th  of  April, 
1847.  Its  inhabitants  suffer  severely  from  the  want  of 
water:  during  three  years  of  drought  (from  1730)  two- 
thirds  of  the  inhabitants  perished  from  this  cause.  The 
climate  is  excessively  dry,  and  the  temperature  elevated. 
It  is  extremely  fertile,  and  produces  the  best  grain  and 
fruit  in  the  archipelago.  The  chief  port  is  Nossa  Senhora 
da  Luz  (nos'sl  sin-yo'ri  di  loos).  Lat.  14°  53'  N.;  Ion. 
24°  30'  5"  W.     Pop.  8400. 

Fo'go,  a  small  island  off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Mo- 
zambique Channel. 

Fo'go,  an  island  N.E.  of  Newfoundland,  in  lat.  49<»  40' 
N.,  Ion.  54°  W. 

Fogo,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland, 
on  the  above  island.  It  has  communication  by  steamer 
with  St.  John's,  distant  122  miles,  and  is  a  place  of  consid- 
erable trade  and  fishery.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  740. 

Ffthr,  fbn,  an  island  of  Prussia,  ofF  the  W.  coast  of  Sle«- 
wick,  in  the  North  Sea,  in  lat.  54°  43'  N.,  Ion.  8°  30'  E. 
Area,  25  square  miles.  Great  numbers  of  oysters  are  ex- 
ported hence,  and  numerous  wild  fowl  are  taken  here  in 
autumn.     Pop.  4700. 

Foix,  fwi,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ari^ge,  52 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Toulouse,  on  the  Ari6ge,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Pyrenees.  Pop.  5127.  It  has  a  communal  college  and 
a  normal  school,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  cavernous  rock, 
on  which  are  3  Gothic  towers,  the  remains  of  an  old  castle. 
It  has  iron-forges,  and  a  trade  in  cattle,  leather,  wool,  and 
iron  and  steel  goods.  This  was  the  capital  of  the  old  comtl 
of  Foix,  now  forming  the  department  of  Ari6ge. 

Fojano,  or  Foiano,  fo-yl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1998. 

Fojano,  or  Foiano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  it 
the  Chiana  Valley,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  7615. 

Fokia,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Phoc^a. 

Fo>Kien,  fo'ke-5n',  a  maritime  province  of  China, 
mostly  between  lat.  24°  and  28°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  and  121° 
E.,  having  S.E.  the  China  Sea.  Pop.  14,777,410.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous.  The  principal  river  is  the  Min,  which 
enters  the  sea  below  Foo-Choo-Foo,  the  capital  city.  Though 
one  of  the  smaller  provinces,  it  is  among  the  most  wealthy 
in  China,  producing  a  good  deal  of  the  finest  black  tea  con- 
sumed  in  the  empire,  with  the  best  camphor,  tobacco,  sugar, 
iron,  indigo,  and  alum.  The  town  of  Amoy  and  the  island 
of  Formosa  are  comprised  in  this  province.  , 

Foktchany,  or  Fokchani,  fok-chi'nee,  a  town  of 
Roumania,  partly  in  Moldavia  and  partly  in  Wallacbia,  on 
the  Milkov,  92  miles  N.E.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  37,504. 

Foldvar,  or  Duna  Foldvar,  doo'nSh^  foldV&B',  » 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Danube,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simonsthurm,  situated  partly 
on  the  crest  and  partly  on  the  side  of  a  hill.  It  had  onoe 
strong  fortifications,  of  which  some  remains  still  exist.  Tb« 
town  has  a  high  school,  barracks,  a  monastery,  and  an  im- 
portant sturgeon-fishery.     Pop.  12,382. 

Foldvar,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  12  miles  from  Porum- 
bak.     Pop.  2060. 

FOldvar,  or  Marienbnrg,  mi-ree'§n-bS5Ro\  a  Til- , 
lage  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aloota,  12  miles  N.  of  Kron- 
stadt.     Pop.  700. 

Foldvar  Tisza,  foldViR'  tees'sSh^  a  village  of  Hnn 
gary,  co.  of  Heves,  on  the  Theiss,  8  miles  from  Szolnok 
Pop.  4700. 

Folembray,  foMftw^bri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aig*: 
15  miles  W.  of  Laon.     It  has  a  glass-factory.     Pop.  IS^'' 

Fo'ley,  or  Wil'Iiamson,  a  post-village  in  Ont 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  N.  of  Oshawa.     Pop.  150. 


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Fo'Iey's,  a  flag-station  in  Salisbury,  Litchfield  oo., 
Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  56  miles  W. 
of  Hartford. 

Folgaria,  fol-gi're-i,  or  Filllgreit,  fUU'grite,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  near  Roveredo.     Pop.  1509. 

Folgefonden-rjeld,fol'gh9h-fonM§n-fe-4ld',anele- 
rated  plateau  and  mountain-range  of  Norway,  stretching 
from  N.  to  S.,  at  no  great  distance  from  the  W.  coast.  Its 
i  culminating  point  is  5790  feet  in  height;  but  its  most  re- 
I  markable  feature  is  its  glacier,  which  is  about  5000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  40  miles  long  by  20  broad, 
with  an  estimated  depth  of  600  feet.  A  stream  issuing  from 
its  base  forms  a  magnificent  waterfall. 

Foligno,  fo-loen'yo  (anc.  Fulgin'ia  or  Fulgin'ium),  a 
town  of  Central  Italy,  in  Umbria,  province  and  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Perugia,  in  a  beautiful  vale  winding  among  the 
Apennines  and  watered  by  the  Clitumno,     The  only  puDlic 
buildings  worthy  of  notice  are  the  cathedral,  dedicated  to 
St.  Felician,  and  the  Palazzo  Communale,  a  handsome  edi- 
fice, in  the  Ionic  style.     Foligno  has  a  high  reputation  for 
its  woollens,  parchment,  wax  candles,  soap,  and  playing- 
cards;  there  are  silk-mills  and  tanneries,  and  it  has  some 
trade  in  cattle.     The  town  was   nearly  destroyed  by  the 
earthquakes  of  1831  and  1832.     It  was  anciently  a  place 
cf  some  importance,  being  at  the  head  of  a  confederacy  of 
Umbrian  cities.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  21,686. 
Fol'ker,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  824.     It 
ugicoiitains  Acasto. 
^HHjoIke'stone  (L.  Lapis populit),  a  town  of  England, 
^Hnlent,  5  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Dover,  of  which  cinque 
^TJffrt  it  is  a  member.     It  lies  in  a  hollow  between  two  high 
k^liffs,  on  the  English  Channel,  opposite  Boulogne.     It  has 
an  ancient  church,  an  endowed  school  and  charities,  a  bat- 
tiry,  a  pier,  a  harbor  admitting  vessels  of  from  10  to  12  feet 
d  raught  at  high  water,  a  market-house,  excellent  baths,  and 
other  accommodations  for  visitors,  whom  the  fine  sands  and 
sautiful  surrounding  scenery  attract  hither.     Folkestone 
as  greatly  sufi'ered  by  the  encroachments  of  the  sea,  but  it 
as  valuable  fisheries  and  considerable  trafiSc  with  Boulogne. 
op.  in  1881,  18,816;  in  1891,  2.3,700. 
rol'kingham,  or  Fal'kingham,  a  town  of  Eng- 
d,  CO.  and  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.    P.  of  parish,  606. 
Folk's  Station,  a  post-oflBce  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on 
I  Cadiz  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  2 
les  N.  of  Cadiz. 

Folk's   Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.,  14 
les  from  Brunson  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
Polk-Velka,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Felka. 
Folk'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  rail- 
id  between  Birmingham  and  Decatur.     It  has  a  steam 
Dr-mill. 

Polio,  fol'lo  (L.  Fol'lum),  a  village  of  Italy,  province 

Genoa,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Levanto.     Pop.  2338. 

Follonica,  fol-lon'e-ki,  a  maritime  village  of  Italy, 

Dvince  of  Pisa,  on  the  Mediterranean,  opposite  Elba,  and 

2  miles  E.  of  Piombino,  on  a  railway.     Ore  from  Elba  is 

lought  hither  to  be  smelted,  and  during  eight  months  of 

Ihe  year  much  iron  is  produced  from  its  furnaces ;  but  in 

rammer  the  fever  which  prevails  throughout  the  Maremme 

Irives  all  the  people  away. 

FoI'ly  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Charleston 
CO.,  S.C,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  on 
^he  landward  side  by  Folly  Island  River  (so  called),  and 
•eiMjhes  from  Light-house  Inlet  on  the  N.E.  to  Stone  River 
>n  the  S.W.  A  part  of  its  surface  is  densely  timbered. 
i  Folly  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Truro.  A  large  quantity 
^f  lumber  is  shipped  from  this  station. 
I  Folly  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  4  or 
I  miles  S.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  large  flouring-mill. 

Folly  Village,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Col- 
ihester  co.,  on  Cobequid  Bay,  4  miles  W.  of  Debert.  Ship- 
milding  is  carried  on  here.     Pop.  400. 

Folsom,  fiil's9m,  or  Folsom  City,  a  post-village 
kf  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  near  the 
Sanction  of  its  forks,  23  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Sacra- 
jnento.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  ofliice,  a  bank,  a 
jumber-mill,  and  extensive  quarries  of  granite,  which  is 
exported  to  San  Francisco.  Gold  is  found  near  here.  Fruit- 
growing is  a  leading  industry. 

I  Folsom,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico,  67 
niles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Texline.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
J  £f'  office,  and  gold-,  silver-,  and  copper-mines, 
i  Fol'somdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
•^bout  48  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
Fol'somville,  a  post-village  of  Warwick  co.,  Ind.,  28 
uiles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.    It  has  2  churches. 


Fombio,  fom'be-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  of 
Milan,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Codogno.     Pop.  2126. 

Fom'nier  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  flows  through  Clark 
CO.  into  Little  Missouri  River. 

Fon'da,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Pocahontas  co., 
Iowa,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  48  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  JelTerson.  It  ha«  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  625. 

Fonda,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Cayadutta  Creek,  43i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  and 
30  miles  E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3 
churches,  a  union  free  school,  a  national  bank,  2  grist-mills, 
manufactures  of  knit  goods,  a  flour-mill,  a  carriage-shop, 
and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  1190. 

Fon'da's  Bush,  or  Broadal'bin,  a  post-village  of 
Broadalbin  township,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Fonda's  Creek,- 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Amster- 
dam. It  contains  3  churches,  and  several  mills  and  manu- 
factories of  buckskin  gloves  and  mittens.  Pop.  987.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Broadalbin. 

Fond-des-Negres,  f6N»-di-ni'g'r,  a  town  of  Hayti, 
in  its  S.W.  peninsula,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Port  au  Prince. 

Fond  du  Lac  (i.e.,  "end  of  the  lake"),  a  name  some- 
times applied  to  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Winnebago, 
Wisconsin. 

Fond  du  Lac  (Fr.  pron.  f6N'»  dii  lik),  a  county  in  the 
E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Milwaukee  and  Rock  Rivers,  which 
rise  in  it.  Its  name,  which  in  French  signifies  "  end  of 
the  lake,"  refers  to  Lake  Winnebago,  the  southern  end  of 
which  lies  in  this  county  and  affords  facilities  for  steam 
navigation.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is 
calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  Indian 
corn,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian 
limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  the  Northern  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  first  two  commu- 
nicating with  Fond  du  Lac,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
46,273;  in  1880,  46,859;  in  1890,  44,i»88. 

Fond  du  Lac,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on 
Lake  Peoria,  and  near  the  Illinois  River,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Peoria.     Pop.  of  Fond  du  Lac  township,  889. 

Fond  du  Lac,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  St.  Louis  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation  from 
Lake  Superior,  and  on"ihe  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Duluth.  The  water-power  is  fine,  and  there 
is  a  mineral  spring  of  local  reputation.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  towns  in  Minnesota,  and  was  once  an  important 
trading-post.    Pop.  of  Fond  du  Lao  township,  in  1880,  800. 

Fond  du  Lac,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  the  capital  of  Fond 
du  Lac  CO.,  is  finely^ituated  at  the  S.  end  of  Winnebago 
Lake,  at  the  mouth^f  the  Fond  du  Lac  River,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  She- 
boygan &,  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  and  Wisconsin  Central  Railroads, 
177  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  43  miles  W.  of  Sheboygan, 
and  63  Miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  with  which  it  is  di- 
rectly connected  by  railroad.  Steamboats  ascend  from  Green 
Bay  to  this  place  via  Fox  River  and  Lake  Winnebago.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  18  or  20  churches,  an  opera-house, 
several  public  halls,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  numerous  saw-mills,  and  manufactories  of 
carriages,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds,  flour,  machinery,  cars, 
paper,  engines,  Ac.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
(2  of  which  latter  are  German)  are  published  here.  This 
city  is  supplied  with  good  water  by  artesian  wells  and  the 
Holly  system  of  water-works.  Among  its  churches  are  2 
Baptist,  4  Catholic,  1  Congregationalist,  2  Episcopal,  1 
Evangelical,  4  Methodist,  2  Lutheran,  and  1  Presbyterian 
It  has  also  a  female  institute,  2  convents,  a  public  library, 
and  many  elegant  residences.  Pop.  in  1860,  5450  ;  in  1870, 
12,764;  in  1880,  13,094;  in  1890, 12,024;  of  Fond  du  Lao 
township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1126. 

Fondettes,  f6N"Mfit',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et 
Loire,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  2251. 

Fondi,  fon'dee  (anc.  Fun'di),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  on  the  Appian  Way,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Gaeta. 
Pop.  6740.  It  is  unhealthy  from  the  proximity  of  a  salt 
lagoon  (anc.  Funda'nut  La'cns) ;  but  it  nas  a  Gothic  cathe- 
dral, and  other  public  buildings,  with  remains  of  cyolo- 
pean  walls.  Its  vicinity  (the  ancient  Csec'ubut  A'ger)  is 
extremely  fertile,  and  was  anciently  famous  for  its  wine. 

Fondo,  fon'do,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  26  miles  N. 
of  Trent.     Pop.  2020. 


FON 


1192 


FOO 


Fondon,  fon-dOn',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  2614. 

Foneswoodj  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Fong,  fong,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  many  cities  of 
China.     See  also  Fung. 

Fong-Tsiang,  fong-tse-ing',  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Shen-See,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hoei-Ho,  90  miles  W. 
of  See-Ngan. 

Fong- Yang,  or  Fung- Yang,  fung-ying,  a  town 
of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hoei,  on  a  mountain  near  the 
Hoai-Ho,  495  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Peking. 

Fonni,  fon'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  34 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2920. 

Fonseca,  fon-si'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  S.  of 
Toledo.  It  haa  dye-works,  brandy-distilleries,  and  manu- 
factures of  cloth.     Pop.  4162. 

Fonseca  Gulf.    See  Gulp  op  Conchagua. 

Fons  Opertus,  the  Latin  name  of  Fontcouverte. 

Fon'ta  Flo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.O. 

FonUain^bleau',  a  post-office  of  Andrew  co..  Mo. 

Fontainebleau,  f6No-tfin-bIo',  probably  contracted 
from  Fontaine  Belle  Eau,  "  fountain  of  beautiful  water" 
(L.  Fonn  Bellaqueus,  Fons  Bleaudi),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Seine-et-Marne,  in  the  midst  of  one  of  the 
finest  forests  in  the  republic,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to 
Lyons,  about  2  miles  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  and 
37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  It  is  well  built,  partly  of  stone 
and  partly  of  brick,  with  spacious  and  regular  streets.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  several  public  offices, 
and  contains  fine  barracks,  a  communal  college,  school  of  de- 
sign, public  library,  public  baths,  and  several  hospitals.  The 
castle  or  palace  of  Fontainebleau,  from  which  the  town 
derives  its  chief  importance,  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
In  France,  many  of  whose  sovereigns  have  made  it  their 
favorite  residence  and  vied  with  one  another  in  lavishing 
upon  it  all  the  embellishments  that  art  could  furnish.  The 
park,  laid  out  like  a  vast  garden,  and  adorned  with  statues, 
temples,  fountains,  lakes,  and  waterfalls,  corresponds  to  the 
magnificence  of  the  palace.  The  forest,  which  has  an  area 
of  84  English  square  miles,  abounds  with  all  kinds  of  game. 
Fontainebleau  has  manufactures  of  calico,  porcelain,  and 
stone-ware,  also  quarries  of  sandstone,  extensively  used  in 
paving  the  streets  of  Paris,  and  a  trade  in  wine,  fruits,  pre- 
serves, horses,  and  Ciittle.     Pop.  11,545. 

Fontaine  Fran^aise,  fdN^Hin'  (or  f6No^t5n')  frfiN"^- 
siz',  a  town  of  France,  C6te-d'0r,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Dijon. 
It  has  a  fine  chateau  and  a  monument  to  Henry  lY.  of 
France.     Pop.  1044. 

Fontaine  I'Ev^que,  f6N»H5n'  liV€k',  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  6  miles  W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  3300, 
employed  in  iron-forges,  hardware-manufactures,  Ac. 

Fontaine  Notre-Dame,  f6N»H5n'  not'r-dim',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  2  miles  W.  of  Cambrai.      Pop.  1915. 

Fontaine  qui  Bouille,  f6N*Hdn'  kee  bool,  or  Foun- 
tain Creek,  a  creek  of  Colorado,  rises  near  Pike's  Peak, 
[t  runs  southward  in  El  Paso  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas 
River  at  Pueblo,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles.  The 
name,  which  is  French,  signifies  "  Boiling  Spring." 

Fontana,  fon-ti'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  8^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2920. 

Fontan'a,  a  post- village  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Osage  township,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paola,  and  44  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  public  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Fontana,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 

Fontana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Annville  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Annville. 

Fontana  Fredda,  fon-ti'ni  frWdi,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  3899. 

Fontanarosa,  fon-ti^mi-ro'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  41  miles  W.  of  Frigento.     Pop.  2827. 

Fontanella,  fon-ti-nil'li,  or  Fontanella  del 
Piano,  fon-ti-nfll'li  dfil  pe-4'no,  a  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2946. 

Fontanellato,  fon-ti-nSl-l&'to,  or  Fontanallata, 
fon-ta-nil-14'ta,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  5821. 

Fontanelle,  fon-ta-nSl',  a  post-village  of  Adair  co., 
Iowa,  in  Summerset  township,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Des  Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  930. 

Fontanelle,  Washington  co..  Neb.    See  Fontenelle. 

Fontane-More,  fon-ti'n4-mo'r4  (L.  Fonta'na  Mau'- 
ra),  a  village  of  Italy,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aosta. 

Fontaneto  di  Novara,  fon-tfl,-n4'to  dee  no-vi'ri,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Novara, 
Bear  th»  Agogna.     Pop.  2682. 


Fontaneto  di  Vercelli,  fon-ti-ni'to  dee  v4R-ch4l'. 
lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Vercelli,  near  the 
Po.     Pop.  7555. 

Fontarabia,  fonHa-r4'be-a  (Sp.  Ftienterrabia,  fw4n- 
ti-ri-Bee'S.),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay,  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Bidassoa,  which  forms  a  part  of 
the  boundary  between  France  and  Spain.  It  is  chiefly 
interesting  on  account  of  its  historical  associations.  The 
town  itself  has  been  frequently  besieged,  and  its  vicinity 
has  been  the  scene  of  numerous  military  operations.  Lat. 
43°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  47'  W.     Pop.  2035. 

Fontcouverte,  f6No^kooVaiRt'  (L.  Foiu  Oper'tus),  » 
village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Arvan,  3  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne.     Pop.  1353. 

Fonte,  fon'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Treviso.     Pop.  1630. 

Fontecchio,  fon-tfik'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  863. 

Fontello,  fon-tel'lo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on 
the  Douro,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  868. 

Fontenay-le-Comte,  f6N»H§h-ni'-l§h-k6Nt,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vend6e,  on  the  Vendee,  where  it  becomes 
navigable,  35  miles  S.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.  Pop. 
7309.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, barracks,  hospitals,  a  church  with  a  spire  311  feet  in 
height,  and  a  ruined  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse 
linen  and  woollen  cloths ;  and  it  is  an  entrepdt  for  the 
Gironde  and  Charente  wines.  Fontenay  is  the  name  of 
numerous  communes  and  villages  of  France,  among  which 
is  FoNTENAY-AUx-RosES  (f6N"H§h-ni'-3-roz),  department  of 
Seine,  6  miles  S.  of  Paris,  with  a  station  on  the  railway  to 
Sceaux,  and  a  population  of  2804. 

Fontenay-sous-Bois,  f6NoH§h-ni'-soo-bw&,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Seine,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  from  Paris,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  Vincennes.     Pop.  4403. 

Fontenelle,  fon-t^-ndl',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Elkhorn  River,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Omaha.     It  has  a  church. 

Fontenelle  Creek,  Wyoming,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  Green  River  in  Uintah  co. 

Fontenoy,  f6No^t§h-nwi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov 
ince  of  Hainaut,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Tournay.  Here,  on  the  30th 
of  April,  1745,  the  forces  under  the  Duke  of  Cumberland 
were  defeated  by  the  French  under  Marshal  Saxe.    P.  830. 

Fon'tenoy',  a  post-office  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  16  mil*s 
S.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Fontenoy-le-Ch&teau,  fiNoH^h-nwi'-l^h-sha^tS', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  oa  the  Coney,  20  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Epinal.     Pop.  1564. 

Fontes,  fon'tis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Monten, 
15  miles  W.  of  Villa  Real.     Pop.  1829. 

Fontevivo,  fon-ti-vee'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Parma,  in  a  plain,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Parma.  It  con- 
tains a  mausoleum  of  Ferdinand,  Duke  of  Bourbon,  who 
died  here  in  1802.     Pop.  2618. 

Fontevrault,  f6N"H?h-vro',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Saumur.  It  owed  its  foundation 
to  a  famous  abbey,  destroyed  during  the  first  revolution,  > 
part  of  which  is  now  a  prison.  The  other  remaining  por- 
tions are  a  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  in  which  are  the 
tombs  of  Henry  II.  and  Richard  I.  of  England,  Eleanor  of 
Guienne,  and  Isabelle,  widow  of  King  John.     Pop.  2651. 

Font  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Mont  Alto  Railroad,  7  miles 
from  Chambersburg,  Pa. 

Fontiveros,  fon-te-vi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  25  miles  N.N.W.  ofAvila.     Pop.  897. 

Fontvieille,  f6H»Ve-iI'  or  f6N»Ve-i'y9,  a  village  ot 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh8ne,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.  It  hu 
important  stone-quarries  and  warm  springs.     Pop.  2237. 

Fony,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Fenv. 

Fonz,  fons  or  fonth,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  B.S.E. 
of  Huesca.     Pop.  2254. 

Fonzaso,  fon-z4'so,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  22 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Belluno.     Pop.  4879. 

Foo,  Fon,  or  Fu,  a  Chinese  word  signifying  a  "citv 
or  more  properly  a  "  city  of  the  first  class,"  joined  to  mar 
Chinese  names,  as  Kai-Fong-Foo,  Yunnan-Foo,  these  coi; 
pounds  being  nearly  equivalent  to  the  "  great  city  of  Ka 
Fong,"  the  "  great  city  of  Yunnan,"  Ac.     It  may,  howevei, 
be  observed  that  there  are  several   other  Chinese  word* 
represented  in  English  by  Foo  having  altogether  a  different 
signification  from  the  above. 

Foo,  or  Fou,  foo,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  SheO: 
See,  situated  on  the  Lo-Ho,  45  miles  S.  of  Yen-Ngan-Foo-  - 

Fooah,  Fouah,  or  Foua,foo'&  (ano.  Metelis),  aw  ', 
lage  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  W.  arm  of  the  Nile,  oppodt* 
Atfeh,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rosetta. 


FOO 


1193 


FOB 


Foo^-Choo',  Foo-Choo-Foo,  foo'choo^foo',  Foo- 
Chow-Foo,  Foo-Tchow-Foo,  foo^chSw'foo',  or 
l.''oii-Tcheoii-Foii,  foo^chfi-oo^foo',  a  city  of  China,  one 
of  the  treaty-ports,  capital  of  the  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on 
the  Min  River,  25  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  26°  12'  24" 
N.;  Ion.  119°  30'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  500,000.  It  is 
purrounded  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  about  4  miles  dis- 
tant, and  is  enclosed  by  a  castellated  wall,  9  or  10  miles  in 
pircumference,  outside  of  which  are  suburbs  as  extensive  as 
f,he  city  itself.  The  whole  is  commanded  by  a  fortified  hill 
600  feet  above  the  plain,  and  inside  of  the  walls  is  another 
jieight,  crowned  by  a  conspicuous  watch-tower.  A  long 
fjridge,  erected  on  granite  pillars,  here  crosses  the  river, 
liTid  is  partly  covered  with  shops.  Foo-Choo  has  a  naval 
iTsenal,  ship-yards,  and  a  school  of  navigation.  The  walled 
lity  has  good  shops  and  houses,  and  a  main  street,  with  resi- 
lences  for  the  public  functionaries.  Large  quantities  of 
lotton  goods  and  well-dyed  blue  cloths  are  manufactured 
lere,  and  500  ovens  for  the  production  of  porcelain  are 
onstantly  employed  in  the  city  and  its  vicinity.  Near  it 
i,re  also  extensive  lead-mines ;  and,  the  black-tea  district 
loing  within  70  miles,  tea  is  procured  at  Foo-Choo  much 
lieaper  than  at  Canton.  A  large  commerce  is  carried  on 
rith  the  maritime  provinces  of  China,  both  by  land  and 
ly  water,  also  with  the  Loo-Choo  Islands  and  Japan.  The 
uincipal  exports  are  timber,  tea, paper,  bamboo,  oranges  and 
ft  her  fruits,  spices,  copper,  and  corn;  the  imports  comprise 
lalt,  sugar,  European  manufactures,  and  a  great  variety  of 

it  her  goods.  In  1876  the  city  suffered  severely  from  a 
itod,  a  fire,  and  a  typhoon  which  followed  one  another  in 
nick  succession. 

I  Foo-Choo-Foo,  or  Foo-Chow-Foo,  a  city  of 
lina,  province  of  Kiang-See,  240  miles  N.W.  of  the  fore- 
(ing  city. 
Foo-Keu,  foo^ku'  or  foo^ke-oo',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
D  3e  of  Uo-Nan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hoai-Ho,  45  miles  S. 
f  Kai-Fong. 
FooMadoo',  a  mountainous  district  of  Western  Africa, 
car  the  sources  of  the  Senegal,  between  Ion.  8°  and  10° 
'?.,  and  intersected  by  the  13th  parallel  of  N.  lat.  The 
'B'snery  of  this  country  is  represented  as  singularly  grand 
•  nd  sublime,  with  villages  perched  among  precipices  many 
1 1  ndred  feet  inperpendicular  height. 

Foolahs,  Foulahs,  or  Fulahs,  foo'llz\  by  some 
"liters  called  Fellatahs,  fSl-li'tiz,  a  remarkable  race, 
"iiely  diflfused  through  West  Africa,  particularly  Senegam- 
iik.  Their  principal  kingdoms  are  Foota-Toro,  Bondoo, 
''coladoo,  Kaarta,  Ludamar,  and  Kasson.  Their  original 
Kality  is  unknown.  Though  allied  to  the  negro  family, 
iny  difiFer  widely  in  their  physical  characteristics  from  that 
K:e,  having  neither  their  deep  jet  color,  crispefl  hair,  flat 
iOje,  nor  thick  lips.  In  person  they  are  tall,  well  propor- 
toned,  and  of  erect  and  graceful  figure.  In  speaking  of 
'he  negro  nations  they  always  rank  themselves  with  the 
'(■hite  people.  They  are  shrewd  and  intelligent,  and  are 
ptive  traders;  agriculture,  however,  is  their  chief  and 
jiTorite  employment.  They  have  many  large  commercial 
owns,  large  tracts  of  highly-cultivated  lands,  and  numerous 

ihools.    They  are  mostly  Mohammedans,  to  which  religion 
ey  became  converts  about  400  years  ago. 
Foo-Ming,  foo'ming',  a  town  of  China,  province  and 
S  miles  N.W.  of  Yun-Nan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Yang-tse- 
^ii^ng. 

i  Foonai,  or  Foanai,  foo^ni',  a  considerable  town  of 
;apan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  near  its  N.  coast. 
I  Foo-Ning,  or  Fou-Ning,  foo^ning',  a  city  of  China, 
jrovince  of  Fo-Kien,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Foo-Choo-Foo. 
I  Foo-Ning,  or  Fon-Ning,  a  city  of  China,  province 
r  Pe-Chee-Lee,  near  the  Yellow  Sea,  165  miles  E.  of  Peking. 
I  Foo-Pim,  or  Fou-Pim,  foo^pim',  a  town  of  China, 
jrovince  of  Po-Chee-Lee,  63  miles  W.  of  Pao-Ting. 
!  Foo-Pin,  or  Fou-Pin,  foo^pin',  a  town  of  China, 
rovince  of  Quang-Tong. 

5  Foot  and  Foorian,  Africa.    See  Darpoor. 
Fooricaria,  foo-re-k4're-i,  a  large  town  of  Africa, 
andingo  country,  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone. 
Foosee,  Fousi,  or  Fusi,  foo'see',  the  loftiest  moun- 
in  in  the   empire  of  Japan,  commonly  called  by  the 

Sanese  Fooseeyama,  also  written  Fiyi,  Fiyi-san, 
Ftyi-yama.     It  is  situated  in  lat.  35°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
8°  35'  E.,  in  the  province  of  Soorooga,  island  of  Hondo. 
Js  height,  according  to  Siebold,  is  12,440  feet;  it  stands  in 
-«  isolated  position  in  the  centre  of  a  boundless  landscape 
d  uncommon  beauty.     It  is  an  ancient  volcano,  formerly 
le  most  active  in  all  Japan ;  but  a  century  and  a  half  have 
apsed  since  the  last  eruption,  and  its  crater  is  now  filled 
ith  water.     It  is  regarded  with  a  superstitious  reverence ; 
76 


and,  in  the  month  of  August,  Booddhist  devotees  make  pil 
grimages  to  its  summit,  to  ofi°er  prayers  to  the  idols  whiob 
have  been  placed  in  the  ravines  of  the  rock  by  their  an- 
cestors. According  to  Japanese  historians,  this  mountain 
emerged  from  the  bosom  of  the  earth  in  the  year  285  B.C., 
and  a  corresponding  depression  of  the  ground  produced,  ir 
a  single  night,  the  great  Lake  Mitsoo,  or  Biwako.  The  last 
eruption  occurred  at  the  close  of  the  year  1707. 

Foo-Shan,  or  Fou-Schan,  foo^sh&n',  a  large  city 
of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Can- 
ton, on  the  island  of  See-Kiang  (Si-Kiang).  A  portion  of 
its  inhabitants  live  in  boats.     Pop.  estimated  at  200,000. 

Foo-Shan,  or  Fon-Chan,  foo^shin',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang, 
below  Nanking,  at  the  base  of  a  fortified  height. 

Foosiyama,  or  Fousiyama.    See  Foosee. 

Foos'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  and  on  tho 
Havana,  Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad,  133  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Gibson.     It  has  a  church. 

Foo'ta,  a  territory  of  Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
S.  of  the  Senegal,  extending  between  lat.  15°  and  16°  26' 
N.,  Ion.  12°  36'  and  16°  36'  W.  It  is  divided  into  three 
parts,  of  which  that  on  the  W.  is  called  Foota-Toro,  that  in 
the  centre  Foota  (proper),  and  that  on  the  S.  Foota-Damga. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  well  watered,  and  well  cultivated;  but 
the  climate  is  extremely  hot.  The  principal  productions 
are  rice  and  other  cereals,  cotton  of  excellent  quality,  and 
tobacco.  The  forests  are  extensive,  and  the  district  con- 
tains several  iron-mines.  The  natives  profess  the  Moham- 
medan religion.  The  government  is  theocratic  and  elect- 
ive ;  but  the  nlmamy,  or  chief,  must  be  chosen  from  certain 
privileged  families  by  a  council  of  five  persons. 

Foota-Bondoo,  Senegambia.     See  Bondoo. 

Foota- Jal Ion,  foo't4-j4rion',  a  considerable  district 
of  Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  intersected  by  lat.  13° 
N.  and  Ion.  13°  W.  It  is  extremely  mountainous,  and  is 
remarkable  for  the  romantic  beauty  of  its  scenery.  The 
rivers  Senegal,  Gambia,  and  Grande  have  their  source 
within  this  district.  The  capital,  Teemboo,  in  lat.  10°  25' 
N.,  Ion.  10°  40'  W.,  contains  a  population  of  about  7000. 

Foo-Tchow-Foo.    See  Foo-Choo. 

Foot'dee,  or  Fnttie,  foot'tee,  a  fishing  village  of 
Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  forming  a  suburb  of  New  Aber- 
deen, adjacent  to  the  entrance  of  the  harbor. 

Foote,  f65t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  on  Eng- 
lish River,  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marengo,  and  about 
7  miles  (direct)  E.  of  North  English  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Foote,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.,  22  miles  (direct) 
W.  by  N.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  general 
store. 

Foote,  a  post-office  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va. 

Foote's,  a  station  of  the  Red  River  division  of  the 
International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad.  See  Sabinb 
Mills. 

Foot  of  Grade,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Bedford  <k  Bridgeport  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bedford. 

Foot  of  Plane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Barclay  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Barclay.  It  has  a 
large  saw-mill. 

Footoona,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.     See  Erronan. 

Foots'cray,  a  borough  of  Bourke  co.,  Victoria,  on  Salt- 
water River,  4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  has  a 
dry-dock.     Pop.  2473. 

Foot's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Footsitz,  or  Fontsitz,  foot^sits',  a  town  of  Japan,  on 
the  island  of  Hondo,  105  miles  N.E.  of  Kioto. 

Foot'ville,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Footville,  a  village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in  Trumbull 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Rock  Creek  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  a  manufactory  of 
cheese-boxes  and  lumber,  and  whetstone-quarries. 

Footville,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Janesville. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  butter-  and  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  carriage- factory. 

Forbach,  fon'b&K,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Murg, 
here  crossed  by  a  suspension-bridge,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1351. 

Forbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  on  the 
Nancy  <k  Mannheim  Railway,  38  miles  E.  of  Metz.  Pop. 
6173.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  woollen  cloths, 
tobacco-pipes,  glaasware,  pottery,  Ac. 

Forbes,  foR'bfo,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  S.B.  of 
Budweis.     Pop.  750. 

Forbes,  fSrbz,  a  village  of  Holt  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Kansas 


FOR 


1194 


FOR 


City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  BluflFs  Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
St.  Joseph.  It  has  several  churches  and  stores,  and  an  actire 
trade.     Pop.  about  200.     Post-office,  Elm  Grove. 

Forbes'  (forbz)  Islands,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  Temple  Bay.     Lat.  12°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  20'  E. 

Forbestown,  forbz'tSwn,  a  small  post- village  of  Butte 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  80  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Sacramento. 

For'bush,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  cc,  N.C.,  in  Fall 
Creek  or  Forbush  township.     Pop.  of  township,  1429. 

Forcados  River,  Africa.    See  Rio  dos  Forcados. 

Forcall,  fou-kill',  a  town  of  Spain,  44  miles  N.  of  Cas- 
tellon  de  la  Plana,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro.  It  has  a 
manufacture  of  sandal-cords.     Pop.  1663. 

Forcalquier,  fou^kirke-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Basses-Alpes,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1799. 

Force's  Corners,  Brant  co.,  Ontario.   See  Woodbury. 

Forchheim,  foRK'hime,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Regnitz,  16  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bamberg.  It  has 
a  church,  a  synagogue,  and  an  arsenal.     Pop.  3659. 

Forchtenau,  foRK't§k-n5w^  (Hun.  Frakno-Allj/a, 
frik'no^-oll'yoh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles  W. 
of  Oedenburg.  It  has  an  elegant  residence  of  the  Ester- 
hasy  family.     Pop.  830. 

Forchtenberg,  foRK't§n-b8RG\  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1027. 

Ford,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  source  of 
the  Sangamon  River  and  a  small  affluent  of  the  Vermilion 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
roads,— the  Illinois  Central,  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western,  and 
the  Wabash,  the  first  two  passing  through  Paxton,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  9103 ;  in  1880,  15,099 ; 
in  1890,  17,035. 

Ford,  a  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  Kansas.  Area, 
1040  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Arkansas 
River  and  Crooked  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  three  lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Dodge  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  427;  in  1880,  3122;  in  1890,  5308. 

Ford,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas, 
17  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
tlour-mills,  &o.     Pop.  148. 

Ford,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ky., 
9  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  saw-,  planing-,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  381. 

Ford  City,  a  post- village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  several  churches,  and 
plate-glass-works.     Pop.  1255. 

Foxde,  foR'dSh,  a  village  of  Norway,  76  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bergen. 

Ford'ham,  a  former  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York  City.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  Catholic  academy  for  girls,  an  institution  for 
female  deaf-mutes,  and  St.  John's  College  (Catholic).  In 
1873  it  was  annexed  to  New  York  City. 

Fordbam  Landing,  a  station  of  New  York  City,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Harlem  River,  1  mile  W.  of  Fordham. 

Ford'ingbridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on 
the  Avon,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge,  15  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  3053. 

Fordoche,  forMosh',  a  small  bayou  of  Louisiana,  flows 
through  Pointe  Coupee  and  Iberville  parishes,  and  commu- 
nicates with  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 

For'don,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bromberg,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  2045. 

Ford  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Marquette  co.,  in  the 
Upper  Peninsula,  runs  southeastward  through  Delta  co., 
and  enters  Green  Bay  near  its  northern  end.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Ford  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ford 
River  township,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Escanaba. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  which  manufacture  about  18,000,000 
feet  of  lumber  in  a  year. 

Fords'bush,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Minden  township,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Johnsville.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  is  Minden  Post-Office. 

Ford's  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind. 

Ford's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ford's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  below  Shawneetown. 

Ford's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Hartco,  Ga. 

Ford's  Store,  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.    See  Winchbstkr. 


Fords'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  25  milea 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Uardinsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ford'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Jonesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fordwich,  Huron  co.,  Ontario.    See  Lisadel. 

Fordyce,  for-dice',  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  10 
miles  W.  of  Banff.     Pop.  346. 

For'dyce,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dallas  co.,  Ark., 
29  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden,  and  18  miles  (direct)  S.E. 
of  Princeton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  canning-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  980. 

Fordyce,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Fijred,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Fiza. 

Fore'land  (North  and  South),  two  celebrated  head- 
lands in  England,  co.  of  Kent.  The  first,  forming  the  N.E. 
angle  of  the  county  and  the  most  easterly  land  in  England, 
consists  of  chalky  cliffs  nearly  200  feet  in  height,  projecting 
into  the  North  Sea,  and  has  a  light-house  elevated  184  feet. 
The  South  Foreland  is  16  miles  S.  of  the  former,  and  has 
two  light-houses,  with  an  elevation  of  372  feet. 

Forenza,  fo-rfin'zi  (anc.  Foren'tximf),  a  city  of  Italy, 
in  the  Apennines,  province  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Potenza. 
Pop.  8085. 

Forest,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Foret. 

For'est,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Area,  410  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alleghany 
River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Clarion  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Tionesta  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  part 
of  the  soil  is  too  rocky  and  rugged  for  agriculture.  Lumber  ( 
is  the  chief  article  of  export,  and  petroleum  is  found  near  ^ 
Tionesta.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Western  New  York  <fe 
Pennsylvania  and  Pittsburg  A  Western  Railroads,  the  for- 
mer passing  through  Tionesta,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4010;  in  1880,  4385;  in  1890,  8482. 

Forest,  a  post-offioe  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  is  at  Black- 
bird Station,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dover. 

Forest,  Illinois.     See  Forrest. 

Forest,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Frankfort,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Kokomo.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grain-elevator,  and  a 
stave-factory.     Pop.  about  4U0. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Winnebago  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  590 
It  includes  Forest  City,  the  county  seat. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1365. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  717.  It 
contains  Millersburg  and  Lester. 

Forest,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  oo..  Miss.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  45  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 
It  hivs  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  surrounded 
by  pine  forests.     Pop.  about  600. 

Forest,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Altona  : 
township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  | 
31  miles  E.  of  Malone. 

Forest,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  I 
township,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  29  miles  W.  of  ' 
Bucyrus,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  I 
union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  handle-factory,  j 
2  tile-factories,  2  brick-factories,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  in  | 
1890,  1126. 

Forest,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1479. 

Forest,  a  hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  in  Forest] 
township,  44  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     P.  of  township,  912. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.     Pop.  812. 

Forest,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on  thej 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  146  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a] 
good  trade,  and  contains  several  stores,  etc.     Pop.  500. 

For'estburg,  a  post-village  of  Sanborn  co.,  S.D.,  lOj 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Woonsocket. 

Forestburg,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,J 
is  intersected  by  the  Monticello  A  Port  Jervis  Railroad.1 
Pop.  91 5.     It  contains  Forestburg  and  Oakland  Valley. 

Forestburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
Forestburg  township,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Jervis. 
has  a  store,  a  lumber-mill,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Forestburg,  a  post-office  of  Montague  co.,  Tex. 

Forest  Can'tons,  Switzerland,  are  the  cantons 
Lucerne,  Schwytz,  Uri,  and  Unterwalden,  in  the  centre  of | 
which  is  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  or  Lake  of  the  Four  CantonSaj 

Forest  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Francis  co., 
Ark.,  45  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Memphis.  It  has  IC 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  canning-factoryj 
Pop.  in  1890,  1021. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  32  mile 
N,E.  of  Nevada  City.    It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  and  gold- 
mines.   Here  is  a  rich  quartz  lode.    Pop.  in  1890,  238 


FOR 


1195 


FOR 


li 


Forest  Cityj  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  in  Mason 
Plains  township,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  church  and  sev- 
eral stores. 

Forest  City,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Minnesota  line.     Pop.  941. 

Forest  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  AVinnebago  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Minneapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  34  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  and  about  28  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Mason  City,  Iowa,  it  has  6  churches,  o  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  895. 

Forest  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  in 
Eaton  township,  on  the  narrows  of  Grand  Lake  or  Chipit- 
netioook,  9  miles  from  Forest  Station.  It  has  an  academy, 
a  tiinnery,  and  24  dwellings.  It  is  nearly  adjacent  to  a 
post- village  of  the  same  name  in  York  co.,  New  Brunswick. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  is  in 
Forest  City  township,  on  Crow  River  (or  its  North  Fork),  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Litchfield,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  St. 
Cloud.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  grist-  and  saw-mill,  hotel,  and  several  stores 
and  shops.     Pop.  181 ;  of  the  township,  451. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  Tarkio  River, 
29  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  3  miles  W.  of 
Oregon.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
public  school,  and  a  brick-factory.     Pop.  428. 

Forest  City,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Mis- 
soula CO.,  Montana,  on  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  about 
70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Missoula.    Elevation,  about  8000  feet. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  is  25 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Forest  City,  a  hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  4 
miles  N.  of  Ithaca.     Here  is  Forest  Home  Post-Office. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Rutherfordton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  cotton-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  419. 

Forest  City,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  6  ohurchea,  a 
newspaper  office,  coal-breakers,  Ac.     Pop.  2319. 

Forest  City,  a  mining-camp  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah.  It 
has  mines  of  silver  and  lead. 

Forest  Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Somerset.     It  has  a  church. 

Forest  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Spartanburg 

.,  runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters  Tiger  River  in 
the  south  part  of  Union  co. 

Forest  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

For'estdale,  a  village  of  North  Smithfield  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  361. 

Forest  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  3 
miles  from  Brandon,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  paint  and  wooden-ware. 

Forest  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  1  or  2  general  stores. 

For'ester,  or  For'rester,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  in  Forester  township,  40  miles 
N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
shingle-mill.     Pop.  233  ;  of  the  township,  756. 

For'est  Glen,  a  station  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  and  7  miles  S.  from  Rockville,  Md. 

Forest  Glen,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston. 

Forest  Green,  a  post-office  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Keokuk  A  Kansas  City  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Olasgow. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 8  miles  N.  of  Independence. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  oo.,  Mich. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
2  miles  from  North  Vineland  Station,  which  is  31  miles  S. 
of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of  Port- 
land. Here  is  the  Pacific  University,  which  was  organized 
in  1859  and  has  a  library  of  5000  volumes.  The  village 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  668. 

Forest  Grove,  Bucks  co..  Pa.    See  Forestville. 

Forest  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  about 
52  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  is  found  here.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  650. 

Forest  Hill,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus A  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 


Forest  Hill,  a  post-office  of  RusseU  co.,  Kansas. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  JId.,  31 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Forest  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Boston  A  Providence 
Railroad,  near  the  Forest  Hill  Cemetery,  4i  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  to  Dedham. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mioh.,  on 
Pine  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Alma. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  in  West 
Buffalo  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va..  18 
miles  W.  of  Jarrett's  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va.,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Talcott  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forest  Home,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Butler 
CO.,  Ala.,  7  miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-office  of  Amador  co.,  Cal. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-village  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Union  township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Miss. 

Forest  Hom<e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo., 

9  miles  E.  of  Sarcoxie  Station. 

Forest  Home,  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.    See  Forest  City. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jefferson. 
It  has  several  stores  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  350. 

Forest  HousQ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  at 
Keating  Station  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Emporium.     It  has  a  saw -mill. 

Forest  House,  a  station  in  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Prairie  du  Chien  division  of  the  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Forest  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co..  Wis., 
in  Brillion  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western 
Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Appleton,  and  91  miles  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee.    It  has  a  hotel  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Forest  Lake,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Washington  co.,  Minn.,  in  Forest  Lake  township,  on  the 
Lake  Superior  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  89. 

Forest  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Montrose.  It  has  3  churches. 
Itsprincipal  industry  is  the  dairy  business.     Pop.  996. 

Forest  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  S.  of  Waukon.     Here  are  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mlU. 

Forest  Mills,  a  post- village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario, 

10  miles  N.W.  of  Napanee.     It  contains  a  woollen-factory 
and  a  store.     Pop.  200. 

Forest  Mound,  a  hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  abont 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Rochester. 

Foresto,  fo-rfis'to,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Bergamo,  3  miles  W.  of  Sarnico.     Pop.  1120. 

Forest  of  Argonne,  France.    See  Argonne. 

Forest  of  Here,  a  tract  of  forest-land  in  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  between  Portsdown  and  the  Southdown  ranges. 

Forest  of  Dean,  England.    See  Dean  Forest. 

For'eston,  or  For'reston,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co., 
111.,  in  Foreston  township,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  120 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Freeport. 
It  has  a  bank,  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  1118;  of  the 
township,  2217. 

Foreston,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Upper  Iowa  River,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charles  City. 

Foreston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C,  on 
Pritchett's  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lane's  Junction. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and 
naval  stores. 

Forest  Park,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  from 
St.  Louis. 

Forestport,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Forestport  township,  on  Black  River,  2  miles  from  Alder 
Creek  Station,  which  is  28  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  4 
churches,  the  Forestport  Institute,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  about  800 ;  of  the  township,  1284. 

Forest  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Meeker  oo., 
Minn.     Pop.  350. 

Forest  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Forest  River,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  os  titm 


FOR 


1196 


FOR 


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Salem  &  Marblehead  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Salem. 

Forest  Station,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Clayton  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Forest  Station,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Vanceborough. 

Forest  Station,  a  post-of5ce  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Ya., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  26  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg. 

For'estville,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Fulton  &  Guerneville  Railroad,  69  miles  by  rail  N.  of  San 
Francisco.    It  has  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  several  clock- 
factories,  and  manufactures  of  lamp-burners,  brass-goods, 
clock-trimmings,  and  chronometers.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Forestville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Maquoketa  River,  about  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Forestville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Munfordville,  and  li  miles  N.  of  Green  River.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  saw- mill. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
8  or  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C.    It  has  2  churches. 

Forestville,  a  post-villago  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Delaware  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  28  miles  N.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a 
eaw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Forestville  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Root  River, 
about  40  miles  E.  of  Austin.  It  has  great  water-power,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  of  the  township,  755. 

Forestville,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Chautau- 
qua CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hanover  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
8  miles  E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  free  academy, 
5  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  a  canning-factory,  a 
veneering-faotory,  and  a  step-ladder-factory,  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.     PoP-  788. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E,  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Forestville,  a  hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Bucking- 
ham township,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  a 
church.     Its  post-office  is  Forest  Grove. 

Forestville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  J  mile  from  Harris- 
ville  Station.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Forestville,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.    See  Forrestville. 

Forestville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Forestville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Forest  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  in  Forest- 
ville township,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Oconto,  and  20  miles 
N.  of  Kewaunee.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. The  township  is  about  1  mile  W.  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan.    Pop.  of  the  township,  802. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  S.  of  Simcoe.  It  contains  a  carding-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Forest  Wharf,  a  shipping-point  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patuxent  River. 

For6t,  or  Forest,  foVi'  or  fo^rih'  (Flemish,  Vor»t, 
voRst),  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.     Pop.  2680. 

Fordt,  a  village  of  France.     See  La  FoRfiT. 

Forez,  foV4',  an  old  division  of  France,  in  the  province 
of  Lyonnais,  the  capital  of  which  was  Montbrison,  now 
forming  the  greater  part  of  the  department  of  Loire. 

For'far,  Forfarshire,  for'far-shjr,  or  Angus,  ang'- 
gQs,  a  maritime  county  of  Scotland,  having  E.  the  North 
Sea,  and  S.  the  Firth  of  Tay.  Area,  890  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  naturally  divided  into  four  parallel  belts,  running 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  viz.,  the  Braes  of  Angus,  a  part  of  the 
Grampian  range ;  the  Vale  of  Strathmore ;  the  Sidlaw  Hills ; 
the  rich  plain  on  the  Firth  of  Tay  and  the  sea.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  North  and  South  Esks,  and  the  Isla. 
Forfar  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  linen-manufactures  of  Soot- 
land.  It  has  5  royal  burghs,  viz.,  Dundee,  Arbroath,  For- 
far, Montrose,  and  Brechin.  It  sends  three  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  one  being  for  the  county.    Pop.  277,788. 

Forfar,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Forfar,  in  the  vale  of  Strathmore,  at  a  railway  junction,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Dundee.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  handsome 
county  buildings,  an  excellent  news-room  and  library,  and 
nuuierouB  schools  and  places  of  worship,  with  manufactures 


of  brogues  and  linens.  Forfar  unites  with  Montrose,  Ar- 
broath, Brechin,  and  Bervie,  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  12,844. 

For'far,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  32  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Brockville.     Pop.  100. 

Forg,  forg,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Laristan,  175 
miles  S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen  ram- 
part, is  well  furnished  with  water,  and  has  a  fortified  palace 
and  about  200  houses. 

Forgaria,  fon-gi're-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  theTa- 
gliamento,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  2938. 

Forge  (forj)  Bridge,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Connellsville  &  Washington  Railroad,  2  miles 
W.  of  Cassellman. 

Forge  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marshall  township  2^  miles  from  Deansville. 

Forges-les-Eanx,  foRzh-liz-o,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inf6rieure,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Rouen.  It  has 
mineral  springs,  and  an  establishment  of  baths,  frequented 
from  July  to  September.     Pop.  1505. 

Forge  Tillage,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Masa., 
in  Westford  township,  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lowell.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  horse- 
shoe nails  and  a  large  ice-house.  Here  is  a  pond  from  which 
ice  is  exported. 

Foria,  fo're-i,  or  Forio,  fo're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ischia,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Pozzuoli.  Pop.  6704.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  a 
good  harbor.     Near  it  are  mineral  baths. 

ForUstell',  a  post- village  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  48  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  2  wagon- 
shops,  a  creamery,  and  2  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  about  300. 

Fork,  a  post-township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  about  34 
miles  N.  of  Stanton.     Pop.  153. 

Fork,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1562. 

Fork  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  from  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  Yadkin  Col- 
lege (male). 

Fork  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Forked  Deer  River,  West  Tennessee,  is  formed  by 
its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in  Dyer  co.,  2  or  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Dyersburg.  It  runs  southwestward  throiiL'" 
Lauderdale  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River.  The  ma 
stream  is  nearly  40  miles  long.  The  South  Fork,  which  . 
about  120  miles  long,  runs  westward  and  northwestward  and 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Madison  and  Haywood.  The  North 
Fork  rises  in  Gibson  co.,  and  runs  westward  until  it  joins 
the  South  Fork.     The  latter  is  navigable  for  small  boats. 

Forked  Head,  a  headland  of  Cape  Breton  Island,  oi 
the  S.E.  coast,  between  Fourchu  and  Portland  Cove. 

Forked  River,  a  post- village  in  Lacey  township.  Ocean 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  Toms  Birw 
Branch,  8  miles  S.  of  Toms  River,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Bar- 
negat  Bay.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  hotel. 

Fork'land,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  2  milee 
from  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  11  mil  us  from  Demopolis. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Forkland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  6  miK 
S.S.E.  of  Blacks  and  Whites  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Fork  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Fork'ner's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo., 
about  11  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Marshfield,  the  capital  of  th« 
county.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Fork  River,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C,  in  Folk 
River  township.     Pop.  811 ;  of  the  township,  1611. 

Forks,  a  plantation  in  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  near  th* 
"forks"  of  the  Kennebec  River.     Pop.  159. 

Forks,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  main  line  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing 
Creek,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forks,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  1450. 

Forks,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.  Pop.  854.  It 
contains  Forksville. 

Forks'burg,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Forks  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefferson  c 
Col.,  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railrott'l; 
at  the  junction  of  the  Georgetown  Branch,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Black  Hawk.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Fork  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  B.C.,  i 
miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church. 

Forks  Middle  River,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Glknei^. 

Forks  of  Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  VAj 
41  miles  N.W.  of  Amherst  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  floor-mill. 


FOR 


1197 


FOR 


t  orks  of  Ca'poii,apost-oflSceof  Hampshire  co.,  W.Va. 

Forks  of  £lk'horn,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
Ey.,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  general 
stores  and  business  houses. 

Forks  of  Little  San'dy,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Kanawha 
to.,  W.  Va.,  about  8  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Forks  of  Pigeon,  pij'un,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Haywood 
CO.,  N.C. 

Forks  of  Salmon,  sam'pn,  a  post-ofBce  of  Siskiyou 
CO.,  Cal.,  42  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Yreka,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  general  store. 

Forks  Sta'tion,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E. 
of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church.  There  are  several  summer 
boarding-houses  near  it. 

Forks'ton,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Forkston  township,  on  Mehoopany  Creek,  about  34  miles 
N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cider-mill,  a  saw- 
and  planing-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  distillery.  Pop.  about 
.100. 

Forks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  parish.  La.,  12 
•rtiles  W.  by  N.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Forksville,  a  post-borough  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
Loyalsock  Creek,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It 
lias  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  furniture-factory  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  191. 

Forksville,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  about 
17  miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Boydton. 

Fork'town,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the  East- 
em  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salisbury. 

Fork  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  30 
Eiiles  S.  of  Charlottesville.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Fork'vale,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn. 

Forlerz,  the  Wendish  name  of  Goelitz. 

Forli,  foR-lee'  (ane.  Fo'rum  Liv'ii),  a  walled  city  of 
Central  Italy,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  40 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bologna,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines, 
i:i  a  pleasant  and  fertile  plain,  watered  by  the  Ronco  and 
Slontone.  It  is  handsome  and  well  built,  with  a  spacious 
B'[uare,  and  contains  many  beautiful  buildings,  including 
8«iveral  palaces,  one  of  which,  the  Palazzo  Guerini,  is  after 
the  designs  of  Michael  Angelo.  It  also  has  a  cathedral 
'aid  several  other  churches,  most  of  which  are  adorned 
with  fine  paintings,  by  Cignani,  Guido,  and  other  masters. 
iTIiere  are  likewise  convents  in  the  town,  and  a  famous 
'citadel,  now  a  prison.  Forli  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
jocllege,  a  public  library,  and  some  literary  societies,  manu- 
jfactures  of  silk  ribbons,  silk  twist,  oil -cloth,  woollen  stuffs, 
kvix,  nitre,  and  refined  sulphur,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  wines, 
nil,  hemp,  and  anise-seed.  Pop.  38,480. 
j  Forli,  a  province  of  Central  Italy,  in  Emilia,  bounded 
ipii  the  E.  by  the  Adriatic.  Area,  716  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Forli.     Pop.  in  1890,  267,545. 

Forli,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  7i 
■Jjiles  N.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  2200. 

Forlinipopoli,foR-lim-pop'o-le(anc.  JVjVmotPopiY'm), 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  5  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Forli. 
t  has  an  ancient  castle,  and  some  trade  in  wine,  flax,  and 
ilk.     Pop.  5110. 

For'man,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Reed  City,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Ludington.  It 
aas  3  large  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Forman,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Sar- 
gent CO.,  N.D.,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Uankinson.  It  has 
k  church,  a  bank,  a  common  graded  school  and  2  newspaper 
>flices.     Pop.  in  1890,  178. 

Formentera,  foR-m4n-ti'ri  (anc.  Pityu'sa),  one  of  the 
Snlearic  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  6  miles  S.  of  Iviya, 
13  miles  in  length.     Pop.  1800. 

Forinerie,  foR'm§h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  21 
niles  N.N.W.  of  lieauvais.     Pop.  1349. 

Formiae,  the  ancient  name  of  Mola  di  Gaeta. 

Formiche,  foR-mee'ki,  two  small  islands  in  the  Medi- 
erranean,  off  the  W.  coiist  of  Sicily,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tra- 
•ani,  the  E.  and  larger  being  covered  with  stone  buildings 
nd  having  a  tolerable  harbor. 

Formiche,  foR-mee'ki,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Medi- 
erranean,  off  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Elba. 

Formiche  di  Grosseto,  foB-mee'ki  dee  gros-si'to, 

group  of  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  including  Monte 

hristo,  Giannuti,  Giglio,  &c. 

Formicola,  foR-mee'ko-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
f  Caserta,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Capua.     Pop.  2263. 

Formiga,  foR-mee'gl,  a  town   of  Brazil,  in   Minas- 

iraes,  140  miles  E.  of  Villa  Rica.     Pop.  2000. 

Formigara,  foR-me-gi'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
Cremona,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Soresina.     Pop.  1149. 


Formigas,  fon-mee'g&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minas-Novas.     Pop.  1000. 

Formigine,  foR-me-jee'n&,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Modena.     Pop.  of  commune,  6257. 

Formigny,  foR^meen'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cal- 
vados, 12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bayeux,  famous  for  a  battle  be- 
tween the  French  and  English,  in  1450,  in  which  the  latter 
were  defeated.     Pop.  617. 

Formo'sa  (Chinese,  Tai-Wan  or  TVit-Ouan,  tl-win', 
Fr.  Formoie,  foR^moz' ;  Port.  Formoza,  foR-mo'si,  i.e., 
"  beautiful"),  an  island  of  the  China  Sea,  between  lat.  22° 
and  25°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  120°  30'  and  122°  E.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  245  miles;  breadth  at  the  broadest  part, 
which  is  at  the  centre,  about  100  miles.  Area,  14,982 
square  miles.  The  whole  coast  of  the  island  facing  the 
mainland,  and  for  a  considerable  distance  inland,  belongs 
to  China,  and  is  included  in  the  government  of  the  province 
of  Fo-Kien,  from  which  it  is  distant  about  90  miles.  The 
remainder,  or  E.  side  of  the  island,  is  occupied  by  aborigi- 
nes. Formosa  is  intersected  throughout  its  whole  length 
by  ridges  of  mountains  called  Muh  Kan  Shan,  some  of  whose 
summits  are  supposed  to  exceed  the  elevation  of  12,000 
feet,  and  are  covered  with  snow  during  a  part  of  the  year. 
Their  declivities  are  clothed  with  fine  trees  and  pasture- 
grounds,  giving  the  island  a  very  attractive  appearance 
from  the  sea,  whence  its  Portuguese  name.  These  moun- 
tains present  many  evidences  of  former  volcanic  action. 
Rivers  are  numerous  on  the  W.  side,  but  most  of  them  are 
mere  mountain-torrents.  The  soil  of  the  lower  tracts  and 
the  more  gentle  slopes  of  the  mountains  is  extremely  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated,  and  the  climate  is  salubrious.  Hot 
springs  are  numerous,  and  sulphur  and  petroleum  exist 
largely.  Wheat,  rice  of  superior  quality,  millet,  maize, 
several  kinds  of  vegetables,  sugar-cane,  oranges,  guavas, 
pine-apples,  cocoanuts,  areca-nuts,  peaches,  apricots,  figs, 
grapes,  pomegranates,  chestnuts,  and  melons  are  raised  in 
large  quantities.  The  commerce  of  Formosa  is  confined 
chiefly  to  Fo-Kien  and  to  a  few  of  the  other  eastern  prov- 
inces of  China,  from  which  it  imports  raw  silk,  woollen  and 
cotton  stuffs,  and  other  manufactures.  The  rice-trade,  be- 
tween the  island  and  the  mainland,  employs  many  vessels. 
The  exports  are  rice,  camphor,  salt,  camphor-wood,  bamboos, 
sugar,  coal,  sulphur,  maize,  fruits,  timber,  and  tea.  The  do- 
mestic animals  are  cattle,  buffaloes,  horses,  asses,  goats,  sheep, 
and  hogs.  The  E.  part  of  the  island  is  said  to  be  infested 
with  tigers,  leopards,  and  wolves,  but  none  are  met  with  in 
the  cultivated  districts  on  the  W.  side.  Coal  of  fair  quality, 
and  extending  over  a  large  area,  is  wrought  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  island,  in  the  vicinity  of  Kee-Lung.  The  aborigines 
are  of  a  slender  shape,  olive  complexion,  wear  long  hair- 
and  blacken  their  teeth.  They  are  divided  into  numerous 
tribes,  some  of  them  with  written  languages,  are  honest 
and  just  in  their  dealings,  but  revengeful.  The  Chinese 
portion  of  the  island  is  divided  into  four  districts,  the  capi- 
tal of  which  is  Tai-Wan-Foo.  The  Chinese  had  no  knowl- 
edge of  Formosa  till  the  year  1403,  and  their  sway  was 
not  established  over  it  till  1683.  Since  then  it  has  greatly 
flourished  through  their  industry,  perseverance,  and  agri- 
cultural skill.  An  extensive  emigration  is  still  going  on 
from  the  continent ;  and  lands  are  taken  up  by  capitalists 
who  not  only  encourage  the  people  to  go  over,  but  pur- 
chase large  numbers  of  poor  persons  to  occupy  them.  In 
1632  the  Dutch  became  masters  of  it,  but  they  were  ex- 
pelled by  the  pirate  Coxinga,  whose  successors  ruled  here 
till  1683.  Latterly,  the  government  has  regarded  Formosa 
as  a  kind  of  experimental  colony,  where  innovations  in 
administration  are  permitted  which  are  not  allowable  on 
the  mainland.     Pop.  estimated  at  3,000,000. 

Formosa,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kagooi,. 

Formosa,  foR-mo'si,  the  northernmost  of  the  Bissagos 
Islands,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa.  It  is  fertile  and  well 
wooded,  but  has  no  good  water.  This  is  a  name  also  of  the 
river  of  Benin,  of  bays  on  the  Brazil  and  Zanguebar  coasts, 
and  of  a  village  of  Sicily,  S.E.  of  Trapani. 

Formosa,  or  Formoso.     See  Benin  River. 

Formosa  (for-mo'si).  Mount  and  River,  near  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  in  Malacca  Strait. 
The  mount  is  in  lat.  1°  49'  N.,  Ion.  102°  55'  E.,  40  miles  E. 
of  Malacca.  The  W.  end  forms  the  bluff  point  of  land 
called  Point  Sizan,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Formosa 
River,  which  is  of  considerable  length,  and  falls  into  tb« 
Strait  of  Malacca  at  lat.  2°  N.,  Ion.  102°  50'  E. 

Formosa,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Serenheu. 

Formo'sa,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  2967. 

Formo'sa,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  8  milet 
S.W.  of  Walkerton,  It  contains  a  woollen-mill,  a  brewery 
saw-  and  grist-mill,  3  hotels,  and  2  stores.     Fop.  150. 


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Formose^  an  island  of  China.    See  Formosa. 

Fornas,  foB^nis',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  fche  ruins  of  Xanthus,  and  near  those  of  Patoaa, 

Fornells,  fou'nfllz',  or  Fornella,  foR-nSl'ia,  a  for. 
tified  fishing  town  of  the  island  of  Minorca,  on  its  N.  coast, 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Mahon,  with  an  excellent  harbor. 

For'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  7i  miles 
from  Cave  Spring.     It  has  a  church. 

Forney,  a  post-village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper oflBce.     Bois-d'arc  timber  abounds  here. 

Forney's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Swain  co.,  N.C. 

Forno,  foR'no,  several  villages  of  Northern  Italy,  the 
principal  being  Forno  di  Rivara,  foR'no  dee  re-vi'ri,  in 
Piedmont,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2848. 

Fornos  d'Algodres,  fou'noce  d41-go'dr5s,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1351. 

Fornovo,  foB-no'vo  (anc.  Fo'rum  No'vum),  a  town  of 
Northern  Italy,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  3273. 

For'res,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Moray,  10  miles  by 
rail  W.S.  W.  of  Elgin.  It  is  neatly  built,  has  a  town  house,  an 
academy,  a  library,  remains  of  a  castle,  a  tower  in  honor 
of  Nelson,  and  near  it  a  remarkable  ancient  obelisk,  called 
Sweno's  Pillar.  According  to  Shakspeare  and  the  old  chron- 
icles, it  was  on  a  "  blasted  heath"  near  Forres  that  Macbeth 
first  met  the  weird  sisters.  Findhorn,  4  miles  to  the  N., 
Is  the  seaport.     Pop.  3959. 

For'restjOr  For'e8t,a  post-village  of  Livingston  oo., 
111.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  75  miles  E.  of  Peoria,  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  estimated  at  500 ;  of  the  township,  1084. 

Forrest,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Mack- 
inaw division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N. 
of  Grayling,  and  102  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 

Forrest,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  (Downingtown  &  Waynesburg  Branch),  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Downingtown. 

Forrest  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Francis  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Memphis,  and  89  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  numerous  stores,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1021. 

Forrester,  Michigan.     See  Forester. 

For'rester's,  a  station  in  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  b  miles  W.  of  La  Porte. 

Forreston,  a  village  of  Illinois.     See  Foreston. 

For'restville,  a  mining-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
in  Cass  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Mine  Hill  &  Schuyl- 
kill Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Minersville.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  collieries. 

For'ristall's,  or  Auld's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Guysborough  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Strait  of  Canso,  op- 
posite Port  Hastings.     Pop.  150. 

Forro,  foR'Ro\  written  also  Forrou,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Hernad,  30  miles  S.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  1400. 

Form,  foR-Roo',  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop,  894, 

Forse,  forss,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  falls 
into  the  Pentland  Firth  near  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Forst,  foRst,  or  Forsta,  foRs'tfl,,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cottbus,  on  an  island 
in  the  Neisse.  Pop.  14,131,  employed  in  potteries  and  in 
weaving  linens  and  woollens. 

Forsyth,  for^sith',  a  northern  county  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the 
Etowah  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  produces  some  cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  wheat,  and  gold  and  copper  are  found  in  this  county. 
Capital,  Cumming.  Pop.  in  1870,  7983;  in  1880,  10,659; 
in  1890,  11,155. 

Forsyth,  a  county  in  the  N.W,  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  about  372  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W,  by  the  Yadkin  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville 
and  Roanoke  &  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Winston. 
Pop.  in  1870,13,050;  in  1880,  18,070;  in  1890,  28,434. 

Forsyth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Macon,  and  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
the  Monroe  Female  College,  the  Hilliard  Institute  (male), 
2  banking-houses,  a  cotton-factory,  a  fertilizer-factory,  afad 
a  carriage-  and  buggy-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  920, 


I 


Forsyth,  or  Forsythe,  a  post-village  of  Macon 
111.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Decatur.     It  has  a  church. 

Forsyth,  a  post-township  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.  Pi 
270.     It  contains  Little  Lake  Station, 

Forsyth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  White  River,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  district  school, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  250. 

Fort  Ab'ercrombie,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co., 
N.D.,  on  the  Red  River,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Wahpeton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks.     Pop.  about  175. 

Fort  Abraham  Lincoln,  a  post-office  and  military 
post  of  Morton  co.,  N.D.,  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles 
below  Bismarck.  Six  companies  of  cavalry  and  3  of 
infantry  are  stationed  here.  This  place  is  the  great  depot 
of  supplies  for  posts  on  the  Yellowstone  River. 

Fort  Ad'ams,  a  post- village  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  38  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Natche*. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Fort  Adams,  a  defensive  work  on  Brenton's  Point,  at 
the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Newport,  R.I.  It  was  con- 
structed 1824-38. 

Fort  Al'amo,  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  near  San  Antonio. 
Here,  March  6,  1836,  a  small  garrison  of  Texans  bravely 
resisted  a  body  of  Mexicans  ten  times  their  number,  and 
perished  to  a  man;  whence  this  spot  has  been  called  the 
Thermopylae  of  Texas. 

Fortaleza,  foR-ti-li'zS,,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Cearfi,  on  a  bay  in  the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Coar^.  Lat.  3°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  30'  W.  Pup, 
20,000,  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  palace  of  the  gov- 
ernor, a  Latin  school,  and  a  hospital.  Previous  to  1823  it 
was  called  Ceara,  or  Villa  do  Forte, 

Fortana,  foR-ti'ni,  the  easternmost  of  the  Bonin 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  lat.  25°  N.,  Ion.  143°  30'  E. 

Fort  Ancient,  an'sh^nt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little  Aliiimi 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop,  43.  Here  is  an  ancient  earthwork,  on  which  large  tree* 
are  growing. 

Fort  An'drew,  a  United  States  work  on  Gurnet  Point, 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Fortanete,  foR-ti-ni'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Teruel.    Pop.  1573.    It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 

Fort  Ann,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fort  Ann  township,  on  Wood  Creek,  the  Champlain  Canal, 
and  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Whitehall,  and  67  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany.  It  containi 
a  bank,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and 
pulp.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake 
George.     Its  surface  is  mountainous.     Pop.  2696. 

Fort  At'kinson,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  oo.^ 
Iowa,  on  Turkey  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  k 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Calmar,  and  41  miles  E. 
of  Charles  City.  It  has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  egg- 
cases,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  480. 

Fort  Atkinson,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  co.,  Wi»., 
in  Koshkonong  township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago <fe  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Janes- 
ville,  and  19  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  • 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  2 
foundries,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  carriages,  sleigh.'^ 
furniture,  and  dairy  supplies.  Two  weekly  newspnpers  art 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2283. 

Fort  Augus'tus,  a  village  and  fort  of  Scotland,  Oft. 
and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Caledonian  Canal, 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  Loch  Ness. 

Fort  Augustus,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  16  miles  from  Charlottetown.     It  contain- 
a  carding-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  shij 
yard.     Pop.  150. 

Fort  BarVan'cas  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Pensacola  Ba/, 
in  Florida,  designed  for  the  defence  of  the  United  State* 
navy-yard  at  Warrington. 

Fort  Bas'com,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  San 
Miguel  CO..  New  Mexico. 

Fort  Bayard,  bi'ard,  a  post-office  and  military  post  ot 
Grant  co.,  New  Mexico,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Mesilla. 

Fort  Bend,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  TexM,  has  an 
area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Brazos  River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  i» 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Bernard  River.  The  surface  W 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  crai"*^ 
and  forests  in  which  the  live-oak  abounds.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  produces  pasture  for  many  thousand  cattle,     in* 


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other  staple  products  are  cotton  and  Indian  corn.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg  &,  San 
Antonio  Railroad.  Capital,  Kioaoiond.  Pop.  in  1S70,  7114j 
in  1880,  9380;  in  1890,  10,586. 

Fort  Ben'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Choteau  co., 
Montana,  is  on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation,  about  40  miles  below  the  Great  Falls,  and 
2500  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  It  is  nearly  125 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Helena,  and  is  2780  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  The  village  has  2  banking-houses  and  a  newspaper 
ofiSce.  It  is  an  important  mart  for  the  fur-trade  in  the 
United  States,  and  a  shipping-point  for  live  stock  and  wool. 
Pop.  in  1890,  624. 

Fort  Ber'thold,  a  post-village  of  Garfield  co.,  N.D., 
on  the  iMissouri  Rivr.     Lat.  47°  3'  N.,  Ion.  101°  48'  W. 

Fort  Bid 'well,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  is  at 
the  N.  end  of  Surprise  Valley,  about  176  miles  N.E.  of 
Shasta.  It  has  a  money-order  post-ofice.  Near  it  are  3 
alkaline  lakes. 

Fort  Black'imore,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Va., 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
aoademy,  a  machine-shop,  &q. 

Fort  Bliss,  a  United  States  post,  3  miles  N.E.  of  El 
Paso,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 

Fort  Block'house  and  Fort  Monck'ton,  two  forts 
i)f  England,  co.  of  Hants,  defending  the  entrance  of  Ports- 
mouth harbor,  on  the  W. 

Fort  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 

Fort  Bois^,  bwi^zi',  a  United  States  post,  near  Bois6 
ijihr,  Idaho. 

Fort  Boone,  an  old  fort  on  the  site  of  Booneville,  Ky. 
."t  was  erected  by  Colonel  Boone  in  1775. 

Fort  Bra'dy,  a  United  States  work  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 
!Kich.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  St.  Mary's  River. 

Fort  Bragg,  a  post- village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Noyo,  and  120  miles  by  water  N.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiBce, 
uanufactures  of  soda-water,  lumber,  &c.     Pop.  945. 

Fort  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  20 
uiles  N.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  money-order  post-oflBce, 
(  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  748. 

Fort  Bridg'er,  a  post-office  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming, 
en  the  Black  Fork  of  Green  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Carter 
Etation  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Fort  Brovvder,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.     See  Batk.^ville. 

Fort  Brown,  a  government  fort  near  Brownsville,  Tex. 

Fort  Buf  fington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga., 
6  miles  E.  of  Canton. 

Fort  Bu'ford,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Buford 
*>.,  N.D.,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  on 
tlie  Missouri  River  where  it  crosses  the  boundary  between 
J'orth  Dakota  and  Montana. 

Fort  Calhoun,  kal-hoon',  a  post-village  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Neb.,  2  miles  from  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the 
Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  a 
Bleam  flour-  and  feed-mill.  Its  station  name  is  Calhoun. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Fort  Cam'eron,  a  United  States  military  post,  near 
Beaver,  Beaver  co.,  Utah. 

Fort  Cape  Dis'appoint'inent,  a  United  States  post 
on  Cape  Disappointment,  Washington. 

Fort  Car'roll,  a  fortification  standing  on  Sollers 
Point  Flats,  in  the  Patapsco,  8  miles  below  Baltimore. 

Fort  Cas'well,  a  brick  fortification  on  Oak  Island, 
near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River,  N.C.,  was  occupied  by 
ttie  Confederates  in  1861,  and  destroyed  by  them  in  1866. 

Fort  Chartres,  shar'tris,  a  steamboat-landing  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  Randolph  co..  111.,  near  the  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  and  50  miles  by  water  below  St.  Louis. 

Fort  Clark,  a  military  post  of  Kinney  co.,  Tex.,  is  at 
or  near  Brackettville,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Eagle  Pass, 
and  126  miles  W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Fort  Clat'sop,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon. 

Fort  Clinch,  designed  for  the  defence  of  Fernandina, 
Pla.,  stands  on  the  N.  extremity  of  Amelia  Island.  It  was 
occupied  by  Confederate  troops  in  1861,  and  retaken  by 
United  States  forces  in  1862. 

Fort  Col'lins,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Larimer  co., 
OoL,  on  Cache  la  Poudre  Creek,  in  a  fertile  valley,  and 
on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  about  4  miles  from  the 
I  Rooky  Mountains,  and  82  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denver.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
I  offices,  4  hotels,  and  2  flouring-mills.  The  Agricultural 
.College  of  Colorado  is  located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2011. 

Fort  Colum'bus,  a  United  States  fort  on  Governor's 
Island,  New  York  Harbor. 


Fort  Col'ville,  or  Colville,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Stevens  co.,  Wash.,  on  the  Columbia  River,  near  lat. 
48°  38'  N.     It  has  a  church. 

Fort  Concho,  kon'chS,  a  post-office  and  military  post 
of  Tom  Green  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Concho  River,  210  miles  N.W. 
of  Austin.  Lat.  31°  31'  N.;  Ion.  100°  31'  W.  Here  are 
stone  buildings  for  hospital,  guard-house,  magazine,  stables, 
store-house,  &c. 

Fort  Con^stitu'tion,  a  strong  defensive  work  3  miles 
E.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  on  the  peninsula  which  forms  the 
easternmost  point  of  the  mainland  of  New  Hampshire. 

Fort  Coulonge,  koo'lSnzh',  a  post- village  in  Pontine 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  river  Coulonge  with 
the  Ottawa,  23  miles  N.  of  Portage  du  Fort.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill, a  store,  4  taverns,  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     P.  100. 

Fort  Covington,  kiiv'ing-ton,  a  post-village  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Fort  Covington  township,  on  Salmon  River, 
about  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  1  mile  from  the  Canadian 
frontier,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Malone.  It  contains  3  or  4 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  union  free  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
953;  of  the  township,  2421. 

Fort  Craig,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Socorro 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  3  miles  S.  of  San 
Mareial,  about  125  miles  below  Albuquerque,  and  175  miles 
S.  of  Santa  F6.     The  adjacent  country  is  rich  in  minerals. 

Fort  Cum'berland,  a  fortress  of  England,  co.  of 
Hants,  on  Portsea  Island,  4  miles  E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Fort  Cum'mings,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mesilla.  Here  is  a 
ruined  fort. 

Fort  Cus'ter,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of  Custer 
CO.,  Montana,  on  the  Yellowstone  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Big  Horn. 

Fort  Dade,  a  post-office  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Withlacoochee  River,  170  miles  S.E.  of  Tallahassee.  Near 
this  spot,  in  December,  1835,  Major  Dade,  with  his  112 
companions,  perished  while  heroically  defending  themselves 
against  an  overwhelming  force  of  Indians.  Only  one  of 
the  number  escaped. 

Fort  D.  A.  Rus'sell,  a  United  States  post,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 

Fort  Dau'phin,  a  ruined  French  fort  and  town  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  25°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  40'  E. 

Fort  Da'vis,  a  post-village,  ciipital  of  Jelf  Davis  co., 
Tex.,  22  miles  N.  of  Marfa,  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Alpine. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  academies,  and  several  stores  and  gen- 
eral business  houses.     Pop.  about  600. 

Fort  Defiance,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  and 
a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Staunton  to  Harrisonburg,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Staunton. 

Fort-de-France,  foR-d§h-fE6Nss,  or  Chasseloup- 
Laubat,  shassMoo'-lo^bS.',  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mar- 
tinique, French  West  Indies,  the  capital  of  the  colony.  It 
has  a  fine  harbor,  strong  fortifications,  a  college,  a  naval 
arsenal,  a  prison,  and  several  hospitals,  and  its  public 
buildings  are  good.     Pop.  13,288. 

Fort  Del'aware,  on  Pea  Patch  Island,  in  Delaware 
Bay,  near  Delaware  City,  is  a  strong  work,  of  which  the 
construction  was  begun  in  1814. 

Fort  Depos'it,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  <fc  Montgomery  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  (male  and 
female),  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Fort  Dodge,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  the  junction  of  the  Des 
Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad  with  the  Iowa  division  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  192  miles  W.  of  Dubuque 
135  miles  E.  of  Sioux  City,  and  85  miles  N.N.W.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  a  high 
school,  3  national  banks,  2  foundries,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  plaster,  and  stucco.  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place,  which  is  also  an  important  market 
for  grain.  Quarries  of  good  building-stone  and  of  gypsum 
have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  in  1890.  4871. 

Fort  Dodge,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  in 
Ford  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Fort  Don'elson,  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  is  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  1  mile  below  Dover. 
This  place  was  the  scene  of  an  important  victory  gained  by 
the  Union  forces  under  General  Grant,  February  16,  1862, 
when  it  was  captured,  with  about  13,000  prisoners. 

Fort  Douglas,  diig'lass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ark.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  church. 

Fort  Dunc'an,  a  United  States  post,  near  Eagle  Pass, 
Maverick  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 


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Fort  Du  Quesne,  Pennsylvania.    See  Pittsburg. 

Forteau  (forHo')  .Bay)  an  inlet  on  the  coast  of  La- 
brador, near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 
It  receives  a  considerable  river,  and  on  its  W.  side  is  the 
prosperous  fishing  village  of  Forteau. 

Fort  Ed'ward,a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
is  in  Fort  Edward  township,  and  is  finely  situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  on  the  Champlain  Canal,  and 
on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Lake  George  Branch,  55  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Fort  Edward 
Collegiate  Institute,  which  is  open  to  both  sexes  and  occu- 
pies a  brick  building  300  feet  long  and  5  stories  high. 
Fort  Edward  has  2  potteries,  2  paper-mills,  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop,  a  shirt-factory,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Water-power  is  obtained  for  these  mills  by  a  dam  across 
the  Hudson.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4424. 

Fortei,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Furtei. 

Fort  El'liott,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  of 
Texas. 

Fort  FI'lis,  a  military  post  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana, 
Is  at  the  south  end  of  the  fertile  Gallatin  valley,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Bozeman.     Lat.  45°  40'  40"  N.;'lon.  111°  0'  15"  W. 

Fort  E'rie,  a  post-village  of  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  at  its  outlet  into  the  Niagara  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk,  Great  Western,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways, 
opposite  Bufifalo,  N.Y.  A  railroad  bridge  connects  Fort  Erie 
with  Bufifalo.  Fort  Erie  is  a  port  of  entry,  has  an  American 
consulate,  and  contains  several  churches,  a  dozen  stores,  and 
2  hotels.     Pop.  835. 

Fortesque  (foRHSsk'  ?)  Bay.  a  beautiful  bay  of  Tas- 
mania, on  the  E.  coast  of  Tasman's  Peninsula. 

Forteventura,  island.    See  Fuerteventdra. 

Fort  Eweli,  yu'fl,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Nueces  River,  about  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  San  Antonio. 
It  has  a  church. 

Fort  Fair'field^a  post-village  in  Fort  Fairfield  town- 
ship, Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  is  on  the  Aroostook  River,  about 
7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Houlton. 
It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Now  Brunswick 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carding-mill, 
5  shingle-mills,  2  plaster-mills,  4  starch-mills,  a  flour-mill, 
nnd  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3526. 

Fort  Fet'terman,  a  post-office  of  Converse  co., 
Wyoming,  is  on  the  North  Platte  River,  about  110  miles 
N.  by  E.of  Laramie  City. 

Fort  Foote,  a  post-office  of  Prince  (Jeorge's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  6  miles  below  Washington.  Here 
are  barracks  and  a  fort,  one  of  the  defences  of  Alexandria, 
Va.,  and  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Fort  Fred  Steele,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  North  Platte  River,  and  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  695  miles  from  Omaha.  Elevation, 
6840  feet. 

Fort  Gaines,  ganz,  on  the  E.  extremity  of  Dauphin 
Island,  Ala.,  is  at  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay,  opposite 
Port  Morgan.     Lat.  30°  13'  N. ;    Ion.  87°  59'  W. 

Fort  Gaines,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Clay  co., 
Qa.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  about  24  miles  below  Eufaula,  and 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Cuthbert.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  from  which  a  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped. 
It  has  an  academy  and  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1097. 

Fort  Gar'land,  a  post-village  of  Costilla  co.,  Col.,  is 
in  the  fertile  San  Luis  Park,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railroad,  108  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Pueblo.  Here  is  a 
military  post.     Elevation,  7996  feet. 

Fort  Garry,  Manitoba.     See  Winnipeg. 

Fort  Gates,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  140  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Fort  Gay,  post-office,  Wayne  co.,W.Va.,  at  Cassville. 

Fort  George,  a  fort  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Inverness,  on  the  line  of  the  Caledonian  Canal,  on  a  point 
of  land  jutting  into  Moray  Firth.  It  covers  15  acres,  has 
quarters  for  3000  men,  bomb-proof  magazines,  and  is  a 
fortification  of  great  strength. 

Fort  George,  a  post-office  and  summer  and  winter 
resort  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  is  on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  St. 
John's  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Fort  George,  an  old  fort  (now  a  picturesque  ruin)  at 
the  S.E.  end  of  Lake  George,  N.Y. 

Fort  Gib'son,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of  the 
Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Neosho  River, 
near  its  entrance  into  the  Arkansas.  It  is  6  miles  from  Gib- 
Bon  Station,  which  is  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Rail- 
road, 108  miles  S.  of  Parsons,  Kansas.     It  has  2  churches. 


Fort  Gor'ges,  Me.,  stands  on  Hog  Island  Ledge,  in 
Portland  harbor.     Lat.  43°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  20'  W. 

Fort  Gra'ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Waco.     It  ha«  2  churches. 

Fort  Gratiot  (grash'e-ot),  a  city  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  and  at  the  point  where  the 
St.  Clair  River  issues  from  the  lake,  about  1  mile  N.  of 
Port  Huron.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  2832.  The 
military  post  which  was  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of 
Port  Huron  is  now  closed. 

Fort  Griffin,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Shack- 
elford CO.,  Tex.,  16  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  160  miles  W. 
of  Fort  Worth. 

Fort  Griswold,  griz'wgld,  a  United  States  work  in 
the  town  of  Groton,  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  opposite  New 
London.  A  monument  near  by  commemorates  the  massacre 
of  Ledyard  and  his  men  by  the  British  and  tories  in  1781. 

Forth,  forth,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  on  the  N.E.  side 
of  Ben  Lomond,  flows  eastward,  and  expands  into  the  arm 
of  the  sea  called  the  Firth  of  Forth.  Length  estimated  at 
1 70  miles.  Chief  tributaries,  the  Teith,  Allan,  and  Devon. 
The  Forth  has  many  good  harbors,  the  principal  of  which 
is  Leith.  The  river  is  navigable  to  Stirling  for  vessels  of 
100  tons,  and  to  Alloa  for  vessels  of  300  tons.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  Clyde  by  a  canal  38  miles  in  length.  See 
Firth  of  Forth. 

Fort  Hall,  a  military  post  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho.  Lat. 
43°  8'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  112°  6'  30"  W. 

Fort  Hal'Ieck,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Car- 
bon CO.,  Wyoming,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Laramie  City. 

Fort  Ham'ilton,  a  post- village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
at  the  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  on  the  Narrows,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  Here  is  a  strong  fort  of  the 
same  name,  erected  for  the  defence  of  New  York  harbor. 
Many  persons  doing  business  in  the  metropolis  have  resi- 
dences here. 

Fort  Har'ker,  a  post-hamlet  and  military  post  of 
Ellsworth  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Junction  City, 
and  5  miles  E.  of  Ellsworth. 

Fort  Hays,  a  United  States  post,  adjacent  to  Hays  City, 
Kansas. 

Fort  Herkimer,  New  York.    See  Herkimer. 

Fort  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  about  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Fort  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Connellsvillo  A 
Washington  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Garrett,  Pa. 

Forth  Moun'tains,  a  range  of  hills  of  Ireland,  in 
Leinster,  4  miles  W.  of  Wexford.  The  maritime  barony  of 
Forth  forms  a  peninsula,  studded  with  the  ruins  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  towers,  built  to  protect  the  invaders  from  the  Irish. 

Fort  How'ard,  a  post-town  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  is  on 
the  left  or  N.W.  bank  of  Fox  River,  about  a  mile  from  it« 
mouth,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  oppo- 
site the  city  of  Green  Bay,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
A  drawbridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Fort  Howard  con- 
tains 8  or  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  foundries  with 
machine-shops,  several  steam  saw-mills,  2  boiler-factories, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  4754. 

Fort  Hunt'er,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Mohawk  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Schoharie,  8 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Fultonville.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Fort  Hunter,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Harrisburg  (Rockville  Station).  It  has 
S  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pig-iron,  Ac.     Pop.  fiOO. 

For'tified  Island,  or  Baswarage,  bas'war-aj',  in 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  is  a  small  island  op- 
posite Onore.  on  the  Malabar  coast. 

Fort  In'^depend'ence  is  on  Castle  Island,  in  Boston 
harbor,  3  miles  below  the  city.  It  was  called  Castle  Wil- 
liam in  and  before  the  Revolution.  The  present  name  wa» 
given  by  the  elder  Adams  while  president. 

Fort  Isle  aux  Noix,  eel  5  nwS,.  or  Fort  Len'nox, 
on  an  island  in  the  river  Richelieu,  near  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  Quebec,  was  fortified  by  the  French  in  1759  and  by 
Schuyler  in  1775.     It  is  a  strong  fortress,  but  unoccupied. 

Fort  Jack'son,  a  United  States  work  on  the  Savannah 
River,  4  miles  below  Savannah,  Ga. 

Fort  Jackson,  an  important  fortification  of  brick,  •• 
Plaquemine  Bend,  on  the  Mississippi,  78  miles  below  New 
Orleans,  La.,  and  opposite  Fort  St.  Philip. 

Fort  Jackson,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township. 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  44  milM  »' 
of  Ogdensburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 


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Fort  Jefferson,  on  Garden  Key,  one  of  the  Dry  Tor- 
tagas  Islands,  Florida.  It  has  a  light-house.  Lat.  24°  37' 
ir"  N. ;  Ion.  82°  62'  53"  W. 

Fort  Jelleisou,  or  Wickliffe,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  on  two  railroads,  7  miles  S.  of  Cairo, 
111.     It  has  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Fort  Jen'nings,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  in 
Jennings  township,  on  the  Toledo  <fc  Delphos  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Delphos.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fort  Jes'sup,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine  parish,  La.,  80 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  bank. 

Fort  John'ston,  North  Carolina,  a  revolutionary 
fortress  on  the  Cape  Fear  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  on 
:he  site  of  the  present  town  of  Smithville.  There  is  still  a 
fortress  here  of  the  same  name,  forming  one  of  the  defences 
of  Smithville. 

Fort  Jones,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
Scott's  River,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Yreka.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  general  stores. 

Fort  Kearney,  kar'ne,  a  former  military  post  of 
Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Platte  River,  and 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  127  miles  "W. 
of  Lincoln.     It  was  demolished  in  1875. 

Fort  Kent,  a  post-township  and  village  of  Aroostook 
CO.,  Me.,  is  on  the  river  St.  John,  which  separates  it  from 
New  Brunswick,  Canada.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  1034.     The  village  is  42  miles  N.W.  of  Caribou, 

Fort  Keogh,  ke'Sh,  a  post-oflSce  and  military  post  of 
Custer  CO.,  Montana,  1  mile  from  the  Yellowstone  River,  and 
5  miles  from  Miles  City. 

Fort  Klam'ath,  a  military  post  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon, 
180  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roseburg.  Here  is  a  reservation  for  the 
I'Jamath,  Modoc,  and  Snake  Indians.  Lat.  42°  41'  34"  N. ; 
I  in.  121°  55'  W. 

Fort  Knox,  a  United  States  work  at  the  narrows  of  the 
I  enobscot,  opposite  Bucksport,  Me. 

Fort  Lauayette',  aUnited  States  fortification  of  stone, 
0 1  Hendrick'  s  Reef,  in  the  narrows  at  the  entrance  to  New 
\  ork  harbor. 

Fort  Lamar',  a  post-oflBce  of  Madison  co.,  Ga. 

Fort  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C. 

Fort  Lapwai,  lap'wi,  a  United  States  post  of  Nez 
I'srces  CO.,  Idaho,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Fort  Lar'amie,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Lar- 
jainie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Laramie  River,  li  miles  from 
in  mouth,  and  89  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cheyenne.  It  is  4519 
ifeet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Here  is  a  military  reserva- 
tion of  50  square  miles. 

Fort  Lar'ned,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Paw- 
p«ie  CO.,  Kansas,  is  7  miles  W.  of  Larned  Station  of  the 
•Aichison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad. 
I  Fort  Lawrence,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Amherst. 
I  Fort  Leavenworth,  lev'^n-w9rth,  an  important  mili- 
jtary  post  and  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Leaven- 
jworth,  Atchison  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  the 
pity  of  Leavenworth.  Here  is  a  government  reservation, 
iJomprising  several  square  miles  of  land.  This  fort,  which 
jfras  established  in  1827,  is  an  important  depot  of  supplies 
^r  the  western  posts,  and  is  a  general  rendezvous  of  troops. 
Sere  are  large  and  expensive  buildings  for  barracks,  a  hos- 
rital,  store-houses,  stables,  &c.  This  is  the  headquarters 
»f  the  Department  of  Missouri. 

Fort  Lee,  one  of  the  defences  of  the  harbor  of  Salem 

d  Beverly,  Mass..  on  Salem  Neck.     Lat.  42°  31'  N. 

Fort  Lee,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ridge- 
jield  township,  on   the  Hudson  River,  at  the  lower  end  of 

!'he  Palisades,  8  or  9  miles  above  New  York.  It  has  a  house 
if  the  Capuchins,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pianos 
ind  steam-engines.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Fort  Lein'hi,  a  post-office  of  Lemhi  co.,  Idaho,  on 
Salmon  River,  about  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Idaho  City. 

Fort  Lennox,  Quebec.     See  Fort  Isle  avx  Noix. 

Fort  Libert6,  lee^bSRHi',  formerly  called  Port  Dau- 
thin,  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti,  on  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  19° 
2'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  57'  W.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Fort  Lincoln,  link'un,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co., 
^ansas,  on  Little  Osage  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Fort  Lit'tleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa,,  in 
Dublin  township,  about  20  miles  W.N,W.  of  Chambersburg. 
t  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  100. 

Fort  Liv'ingston,  a  brick  structure  on  Grand  Terre 
Jsland,  La.,  at  the  entrance  of  Barataria  Bay. 
>  Fort  Louis,  foR  loo^ee',  a  town  of  Alsace,  near  the 
'^hine,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Strasburg,  with  the  remains  of 

fort  built  by  Vauban  and  destroyed  in  1815.     Pop.  235. 


Fort  Lup'ton,  a  post-village  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  28 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Greeley,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
26  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office,  lumber-mills,  and 
general  business  houses  and  stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  119. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Lupton. 

Fort  Lyon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Windsor  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  floar-mill,  and  a 
wagon-shop. 

Fort  MacCla'ry,  on  Kittery  Point,  Me.,  one  of  the 
defences  of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  and  of  the  Kittery  Navy- 
Yard. 

Fort  MacCoy',  a  post-village  of  Marion  co,,  Fla,,  35 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Waldo  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Fort  MacHen'ry,  one  of  the  defences  of  Baltimore, 
Md.,  on  Whetstone  Point,  near  the  W,  bank  of  the  Patapsco. 
It  was  ineffectually  bombarded  by  a  British  fleet  in  the 
war  of  1812, 

Fort  Mac'Intosh,  a  United  States  post  near  the  town 
of  Laredo,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 

Fort  MacKav'ett,  a  post-village  and  United  States 
post  of  Menard  co.,  Tex.,  on  San  Saba  River,  165  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Fort  Mack'inaw,  on  Mackinaw  Island,  Mich.,  com- 
mands the  town  of  Mackinaw,  at  the  entrance  to  Lake 
Michigan. 

Fort  Macomb,  ma-k5m',  a  United  States  work  near 
the  Chef  Menteur  entrance  to  Lake  Pontchartrain,  La.,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans, 

Fort  Ma'con,  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Beau- 
fort, N.C,  stands  at  the  E.  end  of  Bogue  Island. 

Fort  MacPher'son,  a  United  States  post  and  res. 
ervation  in  Lincoln  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Platte 
River,  opposite  McPherson  Station.  Here  is  a  national 
cemetery. 

Fort  MacRae,  mak-kree',  a  United  States  post  and 
reservation  in  Socorro  co..  New  Mexico,  at  Ojo  del  Muerto, 
near  the  Rio  Grande.     Lat.  33°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  5'  W. 

Fort  Mac^Ree',  a  United  States  fort  on  Foster's  Bank, 
at  the  entrance  to  Pensacola  Bay,  opposite  Fort  Pickens. 

Fort  Mad'ison,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lee  co,,  Iowa, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  19  miles  by  rail  S,W,  of  Burling- 
ton, and  24  miles  above  Keokuk.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a.  high  school,  a  state  prison,  a  public  hall,  several  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  1  other  bank,  a  foundry, 
2  large  lumber-mills,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  boots, 
shoes,  tin  and  fruit-cans,  iron  fencing,  and  farming-imple- 
ments. Three  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7901. 

Fort  Madison,  an  old  defensive  work  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  river  Severn,  near  Annapolis,  Md. 

Fort  Madison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Tugaloo  River,  and  on  the  Atlanta  & 
Charlotte  Air-Line  Railroad. 

Fort  Magin'nis,  a  post-office  of  Choteau  co.,  Mon- 
tana, about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Benton. 

Fort  Mar'ion,  a  fort  built  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  by 
the  Spaniards  (1520-1756),  and  called  by  them  San  Marco. 
It  is  constructed  of  coquina,  a  shell-conglomerate,  and  is  pre- 
served as  an  object  of  historic  interest. 

Fort  Mas^sachu'setts,  a  United  States  work  on  Ship 
Island,  Miss,     Lat.  30°  20'  N;  Ion.  89°  7'  W, 

Fort  Meade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co,,  Fla,,  12  miles 
by  rail  S,  of  Bartow.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  an  orange-box  factory.     Pop.  400. 

Fort  Mifflin,  a  United  States  work  on  Mud  Island, 
just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  near  the 
League  Island  Navy-Yard,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fort  Mill,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  S.C,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods.     Pop.  400  ;  of  the  township,  2473. 

Fort  Mil'ler,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
47  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fort  Mitch'ell,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Russell  oo., 
Ala.,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Fort  Mitchell,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Ya.,  on 
the  Roanoke  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Keysville. 

Fort  Moha've,  a  village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Mineral  Park.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspiiper  office.     Pop,  200, 

Fort  Montgomery,  m^nt-giim'^r-e,  Clinton  co,,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  W.  bank  of  Richelieu  River,  at  the  outlet  or  N. 
end  of  Lake  Champlain,  about  1  mile  N.  of  Rouse's  Point. 
It  is  a  strong  fort,  erected  for  the  defence  of  the  frontier, 
on  the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


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Fort  Montgomery,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  14  miles  below  Newburg, 
and  nearly  opposite  Highlands  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Fort  Mor'gan,  an  important  United  States  fortifica- 
tion, on  the  site  of  the  old  Fort  Bowyer,  on  Mobile  Point, 
Ala.,  at  the  entrance  to  the  bays  of  Mobile  and  Bon  Secours, 
opposite  Fort  Gaines. 

Fort  Morgan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.. 
Col.,  34  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Akron.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  oflBces,  and  manufac- 
tures of  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  488. 

Fort  Motte,  mot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C, 
30  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fort  Moultrie,  mol'tree,  on  Sullivan's  Island,  S.C,  at 
the  entrance  to  Charleston  narbor,  opposite  Cumming's 
Point,  is  on  the  site  of  the  old  Fort  Moultrie,  which  was 
built  of  palmetto  logs  and  in  1776  was  unsuccessfully 
attacked  by  the  fleet  of  Sir  Peter  Parker. 

Fort  Niag'ara,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  fortification  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  1  mile  N.  of  Youngstown. 

Fort  Og'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co.,  Fla.,  about 
67  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bartow. 

Fort  Onta'rio,  a  United  States  work  at  the  city  of 
Oswego,  N.Y. 

Fort  Os'age,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
2441.     It  contains  Buckner  and  Lake  City. 

Fort  Payne,  pain,  a  post- village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala., 
92  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  9  churches, 
8  banks,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  &c.     Pop.  2698. 

Fort  Pembina,  pem'bee-na,  a  United  States  post  on 
the  Red  River  of  the  North,  near  Pembina,  N.D. 

Fort  Pen'dleton,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Garrett  co  ,  Md.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Oakland.     Elevation,  about  3000  feet. 

Fort  Pickens,  Pensacola  Bay.     See  Pensacola. 

Fort  Pierre,  pe-air',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stanley 
CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  2 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pierre.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  <to.     Pop.  360. 

Fort  Pike,  formerly  a  military  post  of  Orleans  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Rigolets  Pass,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 
Here  is  a  brick  fort,  on  Petites  Coquilles  Island. 

Fort  Pitt,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Fort  Plain,  a  post- village  in  Minden  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Ca- 
nal, 58  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  and  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Little  Falls.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  collegiate  institute,  a  silk-mill,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  broom-machinery,  axles, 
furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2864. 

Fort  Popham,  pop'am,  a  United  States  work  on  Hun- 
newell's  Point,  at  the  entrance  to  Kennebec  River,  Me. 

Fort  Por'ter,  a  United  States  work  at  Black  Rock, 
within  the  limits  of  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Fort  Preble  (prSb'^l),  one  of  the  defences  of  Portland, 
Me.,  is  on  Preble  Point,  1  mile  from  Portland. 

Fort  Pulas'ki,  on  Cockspur  Island,  Ga.,  is  a  brick 
structure  designed  for  the  defence  of  Savannah  and  of  Ty- 
bee  Roads.  In  1861  it  was  occupied  by  the  Confederates, 
and  in  1862  it  was  bombarded  and  taken  by  the  Union  forces. 

Fort  Quit'man,  a  United  States  fort  of  El  Paso  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  80  miles  below  Franklin.  Lat. 
31°  10'  N.:  Ion.  105°  40'  W. 

Fort  Ran'dall,  a  post-village  and  military  post,  cap- 
ital of  Todd  CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  75  miles  by 
land  above  Yankton. 

Fort  Recov'ery,  a  post- village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  about 
35  miles  N.W.  of  Piqua.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2 
handle-factories,  a  lumber-mill,  a  fanning-factory,  public 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1186. 

Fort  Red,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  6  miles  from  Ashby's  Mills. 

Fort  Reed,  a  post- village  and  winter  resort  of  Orange 
CO.,  Fla.,  2  miles  from  St.  John's  River,  1  mile  from  Lake 
Monroe,  and  about  70  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  2  churches, 
3  hotels,  4  stores,  a  newspaper  office,  15  orange  groves,  a 
high  school  or  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  canes,  shell- 
work,  wagons,  Ac. 

Fort  Re'no,  a  post-office  of  Indian  Territory. 

Fortress  Monroe,  m9n-ro',  at  Old  Point  Comfort,  Va., 
on  Hampton  Roads,  encloses  80  acres  of  land,  and  has  thus 
far  cost  the  United  States  for  construction  some  $3,000,000. 
Here  are  a  United  States  school  of  artillery,  an  arsenal,  Ao. 
Pop.  in  1880,  625. 

Fort  Rice,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  of  Mor- 


ton CO.,  Dakota,  on  the  Missouri  River,  30  miles  below  Bis- 
marck. 

Fort  Rich'ardson,  a  United  States  post  a(^'aoent  to 
the  town  of  Jacksborough,  Tex. 

Fort  Ridgely,  rij'le,  a  post-office  of  Nicollet  oc,  Minn., 
on  the  Minnesota  River,  about  48  miles  above  Mankato. 

Fort  Ri'ley,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Davis 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Re- 
publican River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Junction  City.     Here  is  a  church. 

Fort  Rip'ley,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of 
Minnesota,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Railroad  of  Minnesota,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Brainerd.  The  post- 
office  is  in  Crow  Wing  co.  and  the  fort  is  in  Morrison  co. 

Fort  Rit'ner,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind., 
in  Guthrie  township,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad, 
79  miles  E.  of  Vincennes,  and  i  mile  N.  of  White  River. 
It  has  a  church.  The  trains  here  pass  through  a  tunnel 
1786  feet  long.     Pop.  about  300. 

FortVose',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  on  Moray 
Firth,  nearly  opposite  Fort  George,  to  which  there  is  a 
ferry,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Inverness.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  an  academy,  and  remains  of  the  ancient  cathedral 
of  the  bishops  of  Ross.     Pop.  1004. 

Fort  Ross,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Sonoma 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  16  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Dun- 
can's Mills.  Lumber,  grain,  and  dairy -products  are  shipped 
here.     The  Russians  built  a  fort  here  about  1811. 

Fort-Royal,  West  Indies.     See  Fort-de-France. 

Fort's,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  near  the  Kentucky  line, 
and  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Guthrie,  Ky. 

Fort  Saint  Da'vid,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Coro- 
mandel  coast,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pondicherry.  It  was  once 
the  head  of  the  British  settlements  in  this  quarter,  until  it 
was  taken  by  the  French  in  1758  and  the  fortifications 
demolished. 

Fort  Saint  EI'mo,  the  citadel  of  La  Valetta,  in  Malta. 

Fort  Saint  Joseph,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Galaji. 

Fort  Saint  Phil'ip,  Louisiana,  a  United  States  work 
on  the  Mississippi,  nearly  opposite  Fort  Jackson. 

Fort  Saint  Sebastian,  s5nt  se-bast'yun  (Port.  Sao 
Sebastido,  SOWN"  sd.-bS.s-te-6wN"'),  the  citadel  of  the  Portu- 
guese settlement  of  Mozambique,  in  East  Africa. 

Fort  San'ders,  a  United  States  military  post  and  res- 
ervation, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Lara- 
mie City,  M'yoming.     Elevation,  7163  feet. 

Fort  Sfto  Joachim,  sown"  zho-i-keeN»',  a  settlement 
of  Brazilian  Guiana,  on  the  Branco,  an  affluent  of  the  Ama- 
zon.    Lat.  3°  1'  46"  N. ;  Ion.  60°  3'  W. 

Fort  Scam'mel,  one  of  the  defences  of  Portland,  Me., 
stands  on  House  Island,  in  Portland  Harbor. 

Fort  Schuyler,  ski'l^r,  New  York,  stands  on  Throg** 
Neck,  and  is  one  of  the  principal  East  River  defences  of 
New  York  City.     It  is  17  miles  by  water  from  New  York. 

Fort  Scott,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital  of 
Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  is  on  the  Marmiton  River,  about 
99  miles  by  rail  (88  miles  direct)  S.  of  Kansas  City,  48 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Parsons,  and  130  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Topeka.  It  is  the  most  populous  and  important  town  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  state,  and  is  a  great  market  for 
bituminous  coal,  the  mining  and  shipping  of  which  consti- 
tute the  most  extensive  interest  of  the  city.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  12  churches,  a  high  school,,  a  normal  school,  2 
national  and  3  state  banks,  2  flouring-mills,  and  elevators, 
foundries  and  machine-works,  cement-  and  flagstone-quar- 
ries, and  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspaper  offices.  The 
machine-shops  and  head-quarters  of  two  railroad  division? 
are  situated  here.  Fort  Scott  is  the  seat  of  the  Uniteii 
States  circuit  and  district  courts  for  the  Southeastern  Dis- 
trict of  Kansas.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,946. 

Fort  Sel'den,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Donna 
Ana  CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  9  miles  above 
Donna  Ana,  and  90  miles  N.  of  the  boundary  of  Texas. 

Fort  Sen'eca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Sandusky  River,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Tiffin. 

Fort  Sev'ern,  a  fortification  on  the  left  side  of  the 
river  Severn,  near  Annapolis,  Md. 

Fort  Sew'all,  a  defensive  work  adjoining  the  town  of 
Marblehead,  Mass. 

Fort  Sey'bert,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  V». 

Fort  ShaAV,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke  co.,  Montana,  on  the  Sun  or  Medicine  River,  85 
miles  N.  of  Helena. 

Fort  Sill,  a  post-office  and  militarypost  in  the  Kiow» 
Reserve,  Indian  Territory,  170  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cftddtf 
Railroad  Station.     Lat.  34°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  30'  W. 


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Fort  Sim'coe,  a  post-offioe  and   Indian   agency  of 
Tftkima  co.,  Washington,  65  miles  N.  of  the  Dalles,  Oregon. 
Here  is  a  reservation  on  which  about  3500  Indians  live  and 
cultivate  the  soil.     There  are  2  churches  on  this  reservation. 
Fort  Sis'seton,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  S.D. 
Fort  Smith,  a  post- village  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  sit- 
uated at  the  confluence  of  the  Arkansas  and  Coteau  Rivers, 
:  165  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Van  Buren.     It  has  5  banks,  10  churches,  5  newspaper 
offices,  a  cotton-compress,  an  oil-mill,  3  furniture-factories, 
2  foundries,  3  planing-mills,  a  packing-house,  a  canning- 
i  factory,  a  harness-factory,  4  paving-brick  plants,  and  mines 
of  semi-anthracite  coal.     Two  bridges  cross  the  Arkansas 
River  at  this  point.     Here  is  held  a  United  States  District 
I  Court  having  criminal  jurisdiction  of  the  Indian  Territory. 
I  Pop.  in  1890,  11,311. 

i  Fort  Snel'Iing,  a  post-hamlet  and  military  post  of 
Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the  Minnesota,  6  or  7  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     A  fort  was  established  here  in  1819. 

Fort  Spring  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of 
^fhite  Sulphur  Springs.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Fort  Stand'ish,  a  United  States  work  on  Saquish 
Head,  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Fort  Stan 'ton,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  of 
Idncoln  co..  New  Mexico,  12  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

fort  Steele,  Wyoming.    See  Fort  Fred  Steele. 
ort  Ste'phens,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 
ort  Ste'vens,  a  United  States  work  in  Oregon,  near 
tie  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  9  milee  W.  of  Astoria. 

Fort  Ste'venson,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Stevens  co.,  N.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  71  miles  above 
I  ismarck. 

fort  Stock'ton,  a  military  post  in  Presidio  co.,  Tex., 
lomanohe  Creek,  74  miles  N.B.  of  Fort  Davis. 
ort  Sul'Iivan,  on  Moore  Island,  Me.,  is  one  of  the 
sffences  of  Eastport  (which  see). 

Fort  Sul'ly,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of  Sully 

CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  260  miles  N.W.  of 

Yankton.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office. 

Fort  Sum'ner,  post-office,  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico. 

Fort  Sum'ter,  a   brick   fortification   built  upon   an 

itificial  island,  3  miles  S.B.  of  Charleston,  S.C,  and  1  mile 

^r)m  Fort  Moultrie.     It  was  the  scene  of  very  important 

je^ents  during  the  war  of  1861-65.     The  construction  of 

jtbis  work  was  begun  in  1829. 

Forts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 

oreau  township,  14  miles  N.B.  of  Saratoga  Springs.     It 

ta  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 
ort  Tatas,  Borneo.    See  Banjermassin. 

Fort  Tay'lor,  a  brick  structure  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 

»j  West  Island,  Fla. 

Port  Ti'condero'ga,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad, 
!2i  miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  at  the  junction  of  the  branch  to 
riconderoga  and  Baldwin.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  the  his- 
orio  fort  Ticonderoga,  which  stands  upon  a  peninsula  in  the 
ake.  It  is  connected  by  steamer  with  the  principal  ports 
in  the  lake. 

Fort  Tomp'kins,  on  Staten  iBland,  New  York,  is  at 
he  Narrows,  opposite  Fort  Hamilton. 

Fort  Tot'ten,  a  post-office  of  Benson  co.,  N.D.,  on 
)evils  Lake,  82  miles  N.  of  Jamestown. 

Fort  Trum'bull,  a  United  States  fortification  designed 
or  the  defence  of  New  London,  Conn.,  on  the  Thames,  1 
aile  below  New  London. 

Fortuna,  foR-too'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles  N.N.E. 
f  Murcia.     Pop.  4310. 

Fortu'na,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles 
direct)  S.  of  Eureka.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
fBoe,  saw-  and  shingle-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700. 

Fortunatse  Insulae.    See  Canaries. 

For'tune,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  French  shore  of 
fewfoundland,  113  miles  from  Tilt  Cove. 

Fortune  Bay,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
gundland,  at  the  entrance  to  Fortune  Bay,  57  miles  W.S.W. 
I  Burin.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  with  the  Miquelon 
blands.     Pop.  805. 

j  For'tune  Bay,  an  extensive  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
^e  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  lat.  47°  N.,  Ion.  55°  W., 
iving  the  name  to  a  district  on  its  N.  side.  It  contains 
Jran4  Island,  and  at  its  entrance  are  the  French  islands  of 
^iqnelon  and  St.  Pierre. 

Fortune  Harbor,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 

1  Bay  of  Exploits,  28  miles  from  Twillingate.     Pop.  230. 


Fortune  Island,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  th« 
Molucca  Passage.     Lat.  0°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  124°  8'  E. 

Fortune  Island,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the 
Banda  Sea.     Lat.  5°  3'  S.;  Ion.  132°  11'  E. 

Fortune  Island,  in  the  Sooloo  Sea.  Lat.  14°  4'  N.; 
Ion.  120°  32'  E. 

Fortune  Island,  a  small  islet  off  the  coast  of  Sumatra. 

Fortune  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands. 

Fort  Union,  yun'yun,  a  former  post  on  the  Missouri 
Rivet,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone. 

Fort  Union,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Mora 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  65  miles  N.B.  of  Santa  F6.  "  The 
valley  in  which  Fort  Union  is  located,"  says  Prof.  Hayden, 
"  is  a  very  beautiful  one,  and  is  plainly  carved  out  of  the 
cretaceous  plateau."     Here  is  a  United  States  arsenal. 

Fort  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Macon,  and  74  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 
It  is  the  largest  village  in  the  county,  and  is  a  peach-grow- 
ing district  and  a  shipping-point  for  cotton.  It  has  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  male  academy,  a  female 
seminary,  the  Georgia  Agricultural  Works,  a  cotton-gin,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1752. 

Fort  Vancouver,  van-koo'v§r,  a  United  States  post  of 
Clarke  co.,  Washington,  8  miles  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Columbia,  near  the  town  of  Vancouver. 

Fort  Victoria,  vik-to're-i,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
is  the  citadel  of  the  capital  town  of  Amboyna. 

Fort  Victoria,  a  town  and  fort  of  India.    SeeBANCOOT. 

Fort'ville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ver- 
non township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Indianapolis 
with  Muncie,  21  miles  E.N.B.  of  the  former.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  2 
steam  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  685. 

Fort  Wads'worth,  a  military  post  of  Deuel  co.,S.D., 
on  Kettle  Lake.     Lat.  45°  43'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  97°  30'  W. 

Fort  Wadsworth,  on  Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  is  at  the 
Narrows,  the  principal  entrance  to  New  York  Harbor. 

Fort  Wal'Ia  Wal'la,  a  Uuited  States  post  near  the 
town  of  W^alla  Walla,  Washington. 

Fort  War'ren,  one  of  the  defences  of  Boston,  Mass.,  is 
upon  George's  Island.     It  is  a  strong  work,  built  of  granite. 

Fort  Wash'ington,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Potomac,  14  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Fort  Washington,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa.,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  augers. 

Fort  Wayne,  a  prosperous  city  of  Indiana,  one  of  the 
oldest  cities  in  the  state,  and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Allen  co., 
is  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Mary's 
Rivers  (which  here  unite  to  form  the  Maumee  River),  and 
at  the  convergence  of  no  less  than  6  important  railway  lines, 
148  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago,  94  miles  S.W.  of 
Toledo,  0.,  and  166  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cincinnati.  Fort 
Wayne  has  a  court-house,  40  churches,  4  national  banks, 
19  loan-  and  savings-associations,  an  excellent  system  of 

fiublic  schools,  which  embraces  a  central  grammar  school 
whose  graduates  are  entitled  to  matriculation,  without  ex- 
amination, in  several  colleges),  15  ward  schools,  parochial 
school  systems  of  the  Lutheran  and  Catholic  denominations 
(5  school-edifices  of  the  former  and  7  of  the  latter),  a  semi- 
nary for  young  ladies,  a  public  library,  besides  music 
schools,  business  colleges,  and  classes  conducted  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  Here 
also  is  Concordia  College  (Lutheran),  with  from  300  to  400 
students.  Chief  among  the  industrial  establishments  of 
the  city  are  the  great  western  shops  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company,  the  Bass  Foundry  and  Machine  Works 
(said  to  be  among  the  largest  makers  of  car- wheels,  boilers, 
and  kindred  products  in  the  world),  and  extensive  manu- 
factories of  washing-machines,  wagons,  organs,  oil-tanks, 
hosiery,  clothing,  furniture,  Ac.  Electric  railways,  with 
luxurious  cars,  and  mammoth  sprinklers  traverse  the 
streets,  radiating  from  a  common  centre  and  extending  to 
the  outlying  districts.  The  city  has  a  system  of  public 
parks,  covering  about  150  acres,  and  within  its  environs 
are  several  beautiful  cemeteries.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Cath- 
olic bishop,  and  has  a  Catholic  hospital  and  convent.  It  is 
a  remarkably  healthful  city,  having  a  death-rate  of  15.4,  as 
shown  by  carefully  compiled  records.  Pop.  in  1870. 17,718 ; 
in  1880,  26,680;  in  1890,  35,393;  in  1895.  with  the  addi- 
tion of  two  recently  annexed  suburbs,  about  40,000. 

Fort  Whip'ple,  a  United  States  military  post,  2  miles 
N.  of  Prescott,  Arizona. 

Fort  William,  wil'yam,  a  village  and  fort  of  Soot- 
land,  CO.  of  Inverness,  on  Loch  Eil,  near  the  foot  of  Ben 
Nevis,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Maryburgh.  Pop.  of  vil- 
lage, 1212. 


FOR 


1204 


FOS 


Fort  William,  wil'yam,  a  post- village  in  Pontiac  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  20  miles  above  Renfrew, 
obiefly  inhabited  by  Indians.  It  was  formerly  a  fort  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.     Pop.  125. 

Fort  William,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  4  miles  from 
Port  Arthur,  on  the  Kaministiquia  River,  near  Thunder 
Bay  (Lake  Superior),  750  miles  from  Collingwood.  The 
village  contains  10  hotels,  several  churches,  a  music-hall, 
convent,  grain-elevator  (capacity,  IJ  million  bushels),  saw- 
and  planing-mills,  machine-  and  repair-shops  of  the  Canada 
Pacific  Railway,  brass-  and  iron-foundry  and  machine-shop, 
Ac.  It  is  a  landing  of  the  Lake  Superior  steamers,  and  the 
Lake  Superior  terminus  of  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway. 
Rich  silver-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  1500. 

Fort  Win'gate,  a  post-oflBce  and  military  post  of  Va- 
lencia CO.,  New  Mexico.     Lat.  35°  20'  N.;  Ion.  108°  20'  W. 

Fort  Win^neba'go,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis. 
Pop.  727. 

Fort  Win'throp,  Massachusetts,  a  United  States  work 
on  Governor's  Island,  in  Boston  harbor. 

Fort  Wolcott,  wSSl'kut,  a  United  States  work  on 
Goat  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Newport,  R.I, 

Fort  Wood,  a  fortification  on  Bedloe's  Island,  in  the 
harbor  of  New  York. 

Fort  Wool,  on  the  "Rip  Raps,"  in  Hampton  Roads, 
Va.,  was  1  mile  S.E.  of  Fortress  Monroe. 

Fort  Worth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tarrant  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Trinity  River,  32  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  19  churches,  7  banks,  9  news- 
paper offices,  high  and  public  schools,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  gvods,  a  packing-house,  and  a  brewery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  23,076. 

Fort  Wrangell,  rfi,ng'el,  a  post-village  and  military 
post  of  Alaska,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  Etolin  Harbor,  on 
Wrangell  Island,  about  145  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sitka.  Lat.  56° 
31'  30"  N.;  Ion.  1.32°  20'  W. 

Forty-Eight,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Forty-One  Mile  Tarn'oat,  a  station  in  Colleton 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  41  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston. 

Fort  Yu'ma,  a  United  States  post  in  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Colo- 
rado River,  opposite  Yuma,  Arizona,  80  miles  by  water  from 
the  Gulf  of  California. 

Forum  Alieni,  the  ancient  name  of  Fbrrara. 

Forum  Claudii,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Oriolo. 

Forum  Cornelii,  the  ancient  name  of  Ihola. 

Forum  Gallorum,  ancient  name  of  Castel-Franco. 

Forum  Jovis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Marazion. 

Forum  Julii,  the  ancient  name  of  Friuli. 

Forum  Julii,  or  Forum  Julium.    See  Freius. 

Forum  Julii,  the  ancient  name  of  Citioale. 

Forum  Licinii,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lecco. 

Forum  Livii,  the  ancient  name  of  Forli. 

Forum  Neronis,  the  ancient  name  of  LodSve. 

Forum  Novum,  the  ancient  name  of  Fornovo. 

Forum  Popilii.     See  Forlimpopoli,  and  Polla. 

Forum  Segusiauorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Fburs. 

Forum  Sempronii.    See  Fossombrose. 

Forum  Vocontii,  the  ancient  name  of  Vidauban. 

For'ward,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1300. 

Forward,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1025.  It 
includes  Prospect.  • 

Forward,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co.,  Wis. 

Fo8,  fos,  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  6 
miles  S.  of  Istres,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Fos,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Canal  of  St.  Louis,  and  near  the  oatlet  of 
the  old  canal  (fossa)  dug  by  Caius  Marius.  The  ground  is 
marshy.     Here  are  salt-works.     Pop.  of  commune,  1170. 

Fos,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1551. 

Foscaldo,  fos-kil'do,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province 
and  16  miles  N.W,  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2000. 

Fosco'ro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Ahnepee  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
the  city  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Fosdinovo,  fos-de-no'vo  (L.  Fosdeno'vum),  a  village 
of  Italy,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Carrara,  1814  feet  above  the  sea. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5962. 

Fosnses,  or  Fosn£Ls,  fos'nioe,  a  maritime  village  and 
parish  of  Norway,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trondhjem. 

Fossaceca,  fosVsi-chi'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2770. 

Fossaceca,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Piedimonte.     Pop.  983. 

Fossaceca,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  CMeti,  near 
the  Adriatic,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  San  Vito.     Pop,  3268. 


Fossa  Clodia,  the  ancient  name  of  Chioqoia. 

Fossano,  fos-s4'no  (anc.  Fossa'num),  a  town  of  Italy 
in  Piedmont,  on  the  Stura,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Coni. 
It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a  hill,  enclosed  by  old  walls, 
and  crowned  by  a  fine  castle.  Internally  it  is  antique  and 
gloomy,  the  houses  built  over  arcades,  which  form  the  foot- 
ways.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  oon- 
taining  a  few  good  paintings,  other  churches  and  conven- 
tual buildings,  several  palaces,  a  theatre,  hospital,  monU 
de-piSti,  orphan  asylum,  cemetery,  a  scientific  academy, 
several  educational  establishments,  and  mineral  baths.  Its 
manufactures  are  silk,  leather,  iron,  woollen  goods,  and 
paper.     Pop.  16,544. 

Fosse,  or  Fosses,  foss,  a  village  of  Belgium,  provinc* 
and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Namur.     Pop,  3547. 

Fos'sil,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Gilliam  co., 
Oregon,  16  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W,  of  Condon.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  public  school,  a  newspaper  office.  P.  153. 

Fos'silville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

Fossnaes,  a  village  of  Norway.     See  Fosnjes. 

Fossombrone,  fos-som-bro'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  on  the  Metauro,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Urbino.  Pop. 
9056.  It  sprang  from  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Forum  Sem- 
pronii, 2  miles  distant,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral 
and  flourishing  manufactures. 

Foss'ton,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  45  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Crookston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  207. 

Fossum,  fos's66m,  a  village  of  Norway,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Christiana.     It  has  a  cobalt-mine  and  iron-works. 

Fostat,  fosHit',  or  Old  Cairo  (kl'ro),  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  opposite 
Gheezeh,    See  Cairo. 

Fos'ter,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Pipestem  River  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Carrington.     Pop.  in  1880,  37;  in  1890,  1210. 

Foster,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  30  miles  below  Maysville.     Pop.  191. 

Foster,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co,.  Mo.,  13  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Butler,  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  &c.     Pop.  513. 

Foster,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.    See  Hop  Bottoh, 

Foster,  Venango  co.,  Pa.    See  Coal  Citt. 

Foster,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Fos'ter  Brook,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  bv  rail  E.  of  Derrick  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fosaerburg,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  HI.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Upper  Alton.     It  has  3  churches, 

Fosterbnrg,  or  Foster's,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  oo„ 
111.,  4  miles  E.  of  Vernon  Station,  which  is  11  miles  S.  ol 
Vandalia.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Lester  Post-Office. 

Foster  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
in  Foster  township,  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Providence. 
It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  shell  jewelry,  and  a  stone- 
quarry.     Pop.  34. 

Fos'terdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Cochecton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Foster  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  111. 

Fos'ters,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Foster's,  a  hamlet  of  Illinois.     See  Fosterburg. 

Foster's,  a  station  in  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  tte 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  W,  of  Ann  Arbor, 

Foster's,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Natchei, 
Jackson  <fc  Columbus  Railroad,  5  miles  E,  of  Natchez, 

Foster's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0,,  in  Hamilton 
township,  on  the  Little  Miami' Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.,jOf 
Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill, 

Foster's,  or  Falkland,  a  post-settlement  in  Lunen- 
burg CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  41  miles  from  Kentville.     Pop.  100. 

Foster's  Meadow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Val- 
ley Stream  Junction.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  in  1880,  477. 

Foster's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
in  Sugar  Creek  township,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  East  Brady, 

Foster  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co,,  Kansai, 
7i  miles  N.  of  Americus, 

Foster's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 

Foster's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chattooga  oo.,  w., 
21  miles  from  Rome.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Fos'tertown,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  ». 
Brown's  Station,  1  mile  S.  of  Lumberton. 

Fostertown,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.T.,  in  "fw 
burg  township.     It  has  a  church. 


FOS 


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FOU 


I  mad 
-JMap 

I 


Fos'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Aurelius  township,  about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Fosterville,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Youngs- 
town  township,  2  miles  from  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown 
Railroad.     Block  coal  is  largely  mined  here. 

Fosterville,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  46  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Fosterville,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Neehesville  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fosto'ria,  a  post- village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago  division  of 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Columbus 
&  Toledo  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Fremont,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Findlay,  and  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tiffin.  It  con- 
tains 12  churches,  3  banks,  an  academy,  a  normal  school, 
manufactures  of  glass  and  glass  novelties,  and  several  flour- 
mills  and  saw-mills.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
arepublished  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7070. 

Fostoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
eylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.    It  has  2  stores. 

Fota,  a  small  island  of  Ireland.     See  Foatt. 

Fotcha,  Fotscha,  or  Fotsha,  fot'shi,  a  town  of 
Herzegovina,  30  miles  E.  of  Mostar.  Fine  cutlery  is  here 
made.     Pop.  8000. 

Foth'eringay,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  North- 
ton,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Northampton. 
ou,  a  town  of  China.     See  Foo. 
ou,  a  Chinese  name  for  "city."     See  Foo. 
ouah  and  Foua,  a  village  of  Egypt.     See  Fooah. 
ou- Chan,  China.     See  Foo-Shan. 
ou-Chou,  a  city  of  China.     See  Foo-Choo-Foo. 
'  Foiiesnant,  foo-ls*n6N>»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tdre,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  242. 

Foug,  foog  (anc.  Fa'gus  Leco'rvm  ?),  a  village  of  France, 
In  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Toul.  A  hill 
in  the  vicinity  is  crowned  by  the  remains  of  a  palace  which 
belonged  to  the  early  kings  of  France.     Pop.  1484. 

Fougeray,  or  Le  Grand  Fougeray,  l^h  grfis* 
foo^zh?h-ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  1083. 

Fongferes,  foo^zhain'  (L.  Filicarim  Rhedonum),  a  town 
)f  France,  lUe-et-Vilaine,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Rennes,  near 
he  Nanjon.  Pop.  10,396.  It  has  a  commercial  college, 
nineral  springs,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  hempen  fab- 
lios,  flannel,  glass,  shoes,  Ac,  and  trade  in  corn,  butter, 
iind  honey.  It  was  formerly  one  of  the  strongest  places  in 
3rittany,  and  was  often  taken  and  retaken  during  the  wars 
with  the  English.  A  battle  took  place  here,  November  15, 
1 793,  between  the  Vendeans  and  the  Republicans. 

FongeroUes,  foo^zh§h-roll',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  817. 

FongeroUes,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Sa8ne,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lure.  Pop.  1282,  or,  with  commune, 
£■469.     It  has  a  considerable  manufacture  of  cherry  brandy. 

Fouges,  foozh,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor.  (See 
PHOCiEA.)  The  Gulf  op  Fouges  is  an  inlet  of  the  ^gean 
Sea,  immediately  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Smyrna. 

Fon-Hoa,  a  town  of  China.     See  Oochee. 

Fonl,  or  Foula,  an  island  of  Shetland.     See  Fowla. 

Foulahs,  a  race  of  West  Africa.     See  Foolahs. 

Foul  Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  oil  the  W.  coast 
of  Burmah.     Lat.  18°  4"  N. ;  Ion.  93°  57'  E. 

Foul'ness,  an  island  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the 
North  Sea,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rochford.  It  is  the  largest 
of  a  cluster  of  islands  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Crouch. 

Foul'point,  a  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  17°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  30'  E. 

Foulta,  a  village  of  India.     See  Fulta. 

Founai,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Foonai. 

Foun'dry  Village,  in  Colerain  township,  Franklin 
BO.,  Mass.,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Colerain  village.  It  has  a  church 
md  some  manufactures. 

Foun'dryville,  a  hamlet  in  Foster  township,  Luzerne 
BO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Jeddo, 
md  67  miles  W.N.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop. 

Foung-Yang,  a  city  of  China.     See  Punq-Yano. 

Fonng- Yang-Houang-Tching,China.  See Pung- 
Whang-Ching. 

I  Pou-Ning,  a  city  of  China.  See  Foo-Ning. 
J  Foun'tain,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
^N.W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  intersected  by  Coal  Creek. 
Ihe  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
torests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.     The  soil  is  a 


fertile  loam.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City 
Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  two  latter  com- 
municating with  Covington,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,389;  in  1880,  20,228;  in  1890,  19,558. 

Fountain,  a  post- village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  Foun- 
tain Creek,  and  on  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  a  charoh  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fountain,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  HI.  Pop.  2977. 
It  contains  Waterloo,  the  county  seat. 

Fountain,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  River,  about  7  miles  below  Attica.   It  has  a  church. 

Fountain,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  786. 

Fountain,  a  post- village  in  Fountain  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  61 
miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  an  elevator,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  999. 

Fountain,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Belle- 
fonte  A  Snowshoe  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Snowshoe. 

Fountain,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa. 

Fountain,  a  township  of  Juneau  co..  Wis.     Pop.  740. 

Foun'tain  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  oo.,  111., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Carbondale. 
It  has  a  church,  and  bluffs  about  200  feet  high. 

Fountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  4  churches. 

Fountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  8  miles  above  Winona,  Minn., 
and  36  miles  N.W.  of  La  Crosse.  It  contains  3  churches, 
several  steam  saw-mills  and  flouring-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farming-implements.  A  weekly  (German)  news- 
paper is  published  here.     Pop.  994. 

Fountain  Creek,  Col.    See  Fontaine  qui  Bouille. 

Fountain  Creek,  township,  Iroquois  co.,  HI.     P.  503. 

Fountain  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stephenson  oo..  111. 

Fountain  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Great  Southern  Railroad  (at  Camp- 
bell's Station),  13  miles  S.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Fountain  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Ogle  oo..  111. 

Fountain  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Sabillasville,  Md.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Fountain  Green,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111., 
in  Fountain  Green  township,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carthage, 
and  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  township,  1095. 

Fountain  Green,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Fountain  Green,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  San 
Pete  CO.,  Utah,  about  20  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Nephi. 
It  has  a  church,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  pottery. 

Fountain  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Fountain  Head,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
39  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fountain  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co..  Ark. 

Fountain  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Fountain  Inn,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Fountain  3Iill8,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Fountain  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Pa. 

Fountain  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Colnmbia 
00.,  Wis.     Pop.  1461.     It  includes  Fall  River. 

Fountain  Rock,  a  station  on  the  Frederick  A  Penn- 
sylvania Line  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Frederick,  Md. 

Fountain  Run,  or  Jim 'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mon- 
roe CO.,  Ky.,  20  miles  S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Foun'tains  Ab'bey,  one  of  the  finest  monastic  ruins 
in  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  in  the  beautiful  park 
of  Studley-Royal,  about  3  miles  S.W.  of  Ripon. 

Fountain  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fountain  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Fountain  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  1 
mil*  E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  manufactures  of  carpets  and  cigars. 

Fountain  Station,  a  village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Terre 
Haute.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Fonn'taintown,  a  post- village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  20  roile§ 
E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  pump-factory,  and  a  tile- factory. 

Fountainvllle,  a  post-office  of  Bucko  co.,  Pa. 

Fon-Pim,  a  town  of  China.    See  Foo-PiJf. 


FOU 


1206 


FOX 


Fou-Pin,  a  town  of  China.     See  Poo-Pin. 

Four  Brothers,  Asia.    See  QuATRB-FRinEs. 

Four  Cantons,  Switzerland.     See  Forest  Cantons. 

Fourchambault,  foou^shftjObo',  a  village  of  France, 
In  Nievre,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Nevers,  on  the  Loire,  here 
crossed  by  a  suspension-bridge.  Here  are  iron-smelting 
furnaces  and  forges.     Pop.  58.35. 

Fourche  k  Renault,  fooreh  i,  r5n^5lt',  a  post-oflBce 
of  Washington  co.,  Mo. 

Fpurche  h  Thomas,  foorsh  k  to^ml',  a  small  stream 
which  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  and,  flowing  south- 
ward into  Arkansas,  enters  Black  River  above  Pocahontas. 

Fourche  Caddo.    See  Caddo  Creek,  Ark. 

Fourche  la  Fave,  foorsh  li  ikv,  a  river  of  Arkansas, 
rises  in  Scott  co.,  runs  eastward  through  Yell  and  Perry 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  12  miles  E.  of 
Perryville.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Fourchu,  fooR^shii',  a  seaport  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Cape 
Breton  Island,  co.  of  Richmond,  40  miles  B.  by  N.  of  St. 
Peters.     Pop.  200. 

Four  Corners,  a  village  of  Los  Angeles  co,,  Cal.,  6 
miles  from  El  Monte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Four  Corners,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jeflferson  co.,  Iowa. 

Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  chair- 
factory. 

Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  3  miles 
from  Monroeville,  and  about  100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cul- 
tivators, and  ploughs. 

Four  Fvan'gelists,  a  group  of  four  islets  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan, 
lat.  52°  W  S.,  Ion.  75°  5'  W.,  and  which,  with  eight  others, 
about  15  miles  W.,  compose  a  group  called  the  "Twelve 
Apostles." 

Four  Lakes,  Wisconsin,  a  chain  of  lakes  in  Dane 
CO.,  called  respectively  Mendota,  Menona,  Waubesa,  and  Ke- 
gonsa,  or  Fourth,  Third,  Second,  and  First  Lakes.  They 
are  connected  by  short  outlets.  Lake  Mendota,  which  is 
the  largest,  is  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Madison.  (See  Men- 
dota.) Menona  is  separated  from  the  preceding  by  a  narrow 
isthmus,  on  which  Madison  is  built.  The  water  of  these 
lakes  is  deep  and  pure.     See  Madison,  Menona,  Ac. 

Four  Locks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  3 
miles  from  North  Mountain  Station,  W.  Va. 

Fourmies,  fooR^mee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.S.B.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  8151. 

Four  Mile,  a  post-oflSce  of  Nez  Perces  oo.,  Idaho. 

Four  Mile,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.     Pop.  1817. 

Four  Mile,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  449. 

Four  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  24  miles 
from  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Four  Mile 
township,  830. 

Four  Mile,  a  township  of  Barnwell  oo.,  S.C.     P.  1935. 

Four  Mile  Branch,  a  post-oflSce  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Four  Mile  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Preble  co.,  runs 
southward  and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Great  Miami 
River  in  Butler  co.,  nearly  2  miles  above  Hamilton. 

Fourneaux  Islands,  Australia.    See  Furneaux. 

Fonrni  (foor'nee*)  Islands  (ano.  Oor'sem),  a  group  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago,  belonging  to  Asiatic  Turkey,  and 
consisting  of  about  20  islets,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Samos. 

Fourteen',  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fourteen  Mile  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  through 
Clarke  co.  into  the  Ohio,  14  miles  above  New  Albany. 

Fourteen  Mile  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  flows  through 
Hinds  CO.  into  Big  Black  River. 

Fourth,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  7687. 

Fourth  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Fourth  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

Fourth  Lake,  Wisconsin.    See  Four  Lakes. 

Four  Towns,  in  Scotland.     See  Hightae. 

Four  Towns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Pontiao.     It  has  a  church. 

Fou-Schan,  a  town  of  China.     See  Foo-Shan. 

Fousi,  or  Fousiyama,  Japan.    See  Foosee. 

Foust's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  3J.C., 
35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greensborough.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Fou-Tchou-Foo,  China.    See  Foo-Choo-Foo. 

Foutsitz,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Footsitz. 

Fouvent-le-Bas,  fooV6Ho'-l9h-bi',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haute-Sa6ne,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gray.  In  its 
vicinity  are  large  grottos,  in  which  have  been  discovered 
the  fossil  bones  of  a  great  number  of  quadrupeds.  P.  336. 
Foveaux  (foV5')  Strait,  New  Zealand,  oetween  Stew- 
art Island  and  South  Island.     It  contains  manv  islets. 


Fow,  or  Faux,  fo,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago,  Gilolo  Passage,  lat.  0°  6'  S.,  Ion.  129°  30'  E.,  separated 
from  the  W.  shore  of  Geby  by  a  channel. 

Fowey,  foy,  written  also  Fawey,  a  river  of  England, 
enters  the  English  Channel  near  Fowey.    Length,  30  miles. 

Fow^ey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  above  river.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
railway,  and  is  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Launceston.  Its  har 
bor  admits  the  largest  vessels,  and  is  defended  by  forts. 
The  principal  exports  are  copper  ore,  pilchards,  china  clay, 
and  stone.  Fowey  was  a  place  of  great  importance  in  the 
thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries.     Pop,  of  parish,  1394. 

Fowey  Rocks,  a  ledge  in  the  Atlantic,  off  the  S,  ex- 
tremity of  Florida,  with  a  light-house, 

Fowla,  or  Foula,  fow'li,  written  also  Foul,  one  of 
the  Shetland  Islands,  18  miles  W,  of  the  others,  in  lat.  60° 
8'  N.,  Ion.  2°  6'  W,  This  islet  is  conjectured  to  have  been 
the  Ultima  Thule  of  the  ancients.     Pop.  257. 

Fow-Leang,  a  town  of  China.     See  Feoo-Leang. 

Fowl'er,  a  station  in  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  9  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Fresno  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  raisin-  and  dry-fruit-packing  establishment. 

Fowler,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co..  III.,  in  Gilmore 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad, 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  several  churches. 

Fowler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  2  banks,  a  money-order  post-office,  5  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements, 
tiles,  and  furniture.     Pop,  in  1890,  1285. 

Fowler,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  9i  miles  W.  of  St.  John, 
and  51  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop,  346, 

Fowler,  a  post-hamlet  of  St,  Lawrence  co,,  N.Y.,  about 
25  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W,  of  Canton,  and  7  miles  (direct) 
E,  of  Caledonia  Station,  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  manufactures  of  wood-pulp.  Pop,  about  100;  of 
Fowler  township,  1592, 

Fowler,  a  post-village  in  Fowler  township,  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad 
(Youngstown  Branch),  17  miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  This 
township  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Fowler,  a  station  in  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus 
A  Toledo  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Upper  Sandusky. 

Fowler,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
in  Taylor  township,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad. 
It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Fowler's,  a  post-office  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  at  Fowl- 
ersyille,  a  small  hamlet  3  miles  from  La  Grange  Station, 
which  is  in  Ohio.     It  has  a  church. 

Fowler's  Bay,  South  Australia,  near  the  head  of  the 
great  Australian  bight,  immediately  W.  of  Point  Fowler,  in 
lat.  32°  3'  S.,  Ion.  132°  40'  E. 

Fowler's  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fowler's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Humphreys  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  Tennessee  River,  12  miles  above  Johnsonville. 

Fowler's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chardon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fowl'ersville,  or  Fowl'erville,  a  post-village  in 
Handy  township,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Red  Cedar 
River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Lake  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  8  miles  N.W,  of 
Howell,  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a 
union  school,  a  fine  hotel,  a  flouring-mill,  2  planing-mills, 
and  a  barrel- factory.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Fowlersville,  Columbia  co..  Pa.     See  Whitmirb. 

Fowlersville,  West  Virginia.     See  Fowler's. 

Fowlerville,  Michigan.     See  Fowlersville. 

Fowl'erville,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N,Y,, 
in  York  township,  near  the  Genesee  River,  about  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rochester,  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  machine- 
shop  in  which  farm-implements  and  portable  steamers  are 
made.     Pop.  about  400. 

Fowl'ing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
about  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Denton.     It  has  a  church. 

FoAv'lis  Wes'ter,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  of  parish,  1161. 

FoAVls'town,  a  post- village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  ot  Bainbridge  Junction.  It  has  3  churchei, 
saw-mills,  cigar-factories  and  manufactures  of  turpentine. 
Pop.  150. 

Fox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co,,  Ind,,  on  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Muncie  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles  S,  of  Fort 
Wayne. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co„  Iowa,     Pop,  82&. 


FOX 


1207 


FRA 


FoX)  a  post-oflSoe  of  Ray  oo.,  Mo. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  1119.  It  con- 
tains Mechanicstown. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Elk  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  1188.  It  con- 
tains Earley,  Centreville,  <tc. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  443. 

Fox,  a  post-oflBce  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Fox'borough,  a  post-village  in  Foxborough  township, 
;  Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  A,  Fitchburg 
i  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Taunton,  and  22  miles  S.S.W. 
I  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  oflRce,  a  public  library,  a  granite- 
I  quarry,  iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  straw  goods,  soap, 
Lats,  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2933. 

Fox'borough,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  hotels, 
a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Fox'burg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Clarion,  and  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Foxburg, 
(St.  Petersburg  &  Clarion  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  of  Oil  City. 
lEy  rail  it  is  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
iohurch,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  tools  for  oil-wells. 
Petroleum  is  found  here.  Pop.  about  750. 
!  Fox  Channel,  the  N.  portion  of  Hudson's  Bay. 
i  Fox  Chase,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Newtown  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  by  E. 
(of  West  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
jof  hoes  and  phosphate.  The  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the 
jihiladelphia  Post-Office. 

I    Fox  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
|V^  side  of  Placentia  Bay,  2  miles  from  Burin.    Pop.  105. 
j    Fox  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  44  miles 
if]  om  Burin.     Pop.  40. 

!    Fox  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 
i    Fox  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  4  miles 
|K .  of  Glencoe  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 
j    Fox  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Neb. 

Fox'croft,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in 
JF)xcroft  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Piscataquis  River, 

6(iarly  opposite  Dover,  and  on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis 
liilroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
|».(ademy,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  organ-factories,  a 
ifl  )ur-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  sash-  and  blind- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800;  of  township  (1890),  1726. 

Fox  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova 
3totia,on  Northumberland  Strait,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Wallace. 
Fox  Harbor,  a  small  fishing  settlement  on  the  B.  side 
)f  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Placentia. 
I  Fox  Hol'low,  a  station  in  Shandaken  township,  Ulster 
jjo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  32  miles 
,W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 

I    Fox  Island,  a  small  island  in  Bay  of  Despair,  New- 
foundland, 17  miles  from  Harbor  Briton. 
;    Fox  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
'euoe,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Saguenay  coast. 

Fox  Island,  in  Lake  Michigan,  belongs  to  the  town- 
ihip  of  Chandler,  Manitou  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  44. 

Fox  Island  Harbor,  a  small  fishing  settlement  in  the 

listrict  of  Burgeo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  14  miles 

rom  Burgeo.     Pop.  67. 

Fox  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Aleutian  Islands. 

Fox  Lake,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  111., 

.bout  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Fox  Lake,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  142. 

Fox  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Fox  Lake  township.  Dodge 

0.,  Wis.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  26  miles  S.W. 

f  Pond  du  Lac,  and  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Beaver  Dam. 

t  is  2  miles  N.  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  with 

Fhioh  it  is  connected  by  the  Fox  Lake  Horse  Railroad  at 

fox  Lake  Junction,  which  is  2  miles  S.  of  the  village  and 

j9  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  contains  6  churches,  a 

lational  bank,  the  Wisconsin  Female  College,  a  newspaper 

race,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  flouring-mill.     It  was  for- 

berly  called  Waushara.    Pop.  1012.    The  township  contains 

nother  village,  named  Randolph,  and  a  pop.  of  853,  ex- 

iusive  Df  Fox  Lake  village. 

Fox  Land  is  a  part  of  Baffin  Land,  extending  E.  into 
"ox  Channel.  Lat.  64°  45'  to  67°  N. ;  Ion.  74°  to  78°  W. 
Fox  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Miss. 
Fox  River  rises  in  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
iiver  2  miles  below  Alexandria.  It  is  100  miles  long. 
J  Fox  (orPishta'ka)  River  rises  in  Waukesha  co..  Wis., 
^ns  southward  through  Racine  and  Kenosha  cos.,  and 
aaaes  into  Illinois.  It  afterwards  intersects  MoHenry  and 
Lane  cos.,  and  runs  southward  to  the  city  of  Aurora,  below 


which  it  flows  southwestward  until  it  enters  the  Illinoit 
River  at  Ottawa.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  220  miles. 
The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Aurora,  Ottawa,  and  El- 
gin.    It  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Fox  River  (called  Nee'nan  by  the  aborigines)  rises 
in  Wisconsin,  near  the  S.  boundary  of  Green  Lake  co.,  and 
flows  westward  to  Portage  City,  which  is  on  the  Wisconsin 
River.  At  this  place  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  Rivers  are 
only  li  miles  apart,  and  are  connected  by  a  canal.  The  Fox 
Ri  ver  runs  thence  northward  into  Marquette  co.,  and  expands 
into  Lake  Pacawa,  from  which  it  runs  northeastward  through 
Green  Lake  and  Winnebago  cos.  After  a  very  tortuous 
course  it  enters  Lake  Winnebago  at  Oshkosh,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  lake.  It  issues  from  the  northern  end  of  the  lake, 
runs  northeastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  enters  Green 
Bay  at  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  Its  length  is  estimated  at 
250  miles.  It  is  an  important  channel  of  trade  and  naviga- 
tion, and  forms  a  part  of  the  navigable  waters  by  which 
steamboats  can  pass  from  the  Mississippi  River  into  Lake 
Michigan.  The  largest  towns  on  this  stream  are  Oshkosh, 
Appleton,  Green  Bay,  and  Portage. 

Fox  River,  Great  and  Little,  two  rivers  of  Canada, 
within  2  miles  of  each  other,  and  both  falling  into  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence  between  Griffith's  Cove  and  Little  Valine. 

Fox  River,  a  township  of  White  co.,  111.     Pop.  1867. 

Fox  River,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  694. 

Fox  River,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kenosha  co., 
Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Kenosha  <fc  Rockford  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 

Fox  River,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  Great 
Fox  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Gasp6.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  church,  and  several  stores.  Its  inhabitants  are 
engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  500. 

Fox  River,  a  small  village  in  Cumberland  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  3  miles  from  Port  Greville,  and  31  miles  from 
Athol.     Pop.  100. 

Fox  River  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Montgomery. 

Fox's  Chan'nei,  a  strait  of  British  North  America, 
stretching  N.  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Hudson's  Strait, 
having  W.  Melville  Peninsula  and  Southampton  Islands, 
and  E.  an  unexplored  country. 

Fox  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

Fox  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  oo.,  111.,  on  or 
near  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Fox'ton,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
the  Northern  Island,  on  the  river  Manawatu,  4  miles  from 
the  sea.  Foxton  is  the  terminus  of  a  railway,  and  exports 
railway-ties,  piles,  and  other  timber.  Vessels  of  14  feet 
draught  can  cross  the  bar  at  high  tide. 

Fox'town,  a  hamlet  in  the  township  of  East  Haddam, 
Conn.,  8  miles  from  Goodspeed's  Landing.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cigars. 

Fox  Trap,  a  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  Conception  Bay,  16  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  210. 

Fox  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Turner  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Fox'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  111.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Salem. 

FoxVille,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Foyers,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Fyers 
(fi'^rz),  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  joins  Loch  Ness  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Fort  Augustus.     It  is  noted  for  its  fine  cascades. 

Foyle,  a  river  of  Ireland,  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Finn  and  Mourne  at  Liff'ord,  flows  N.,  and  expands  into 
Lough  Foyle.     See  Lough  Foyle. 

Foz,  foth  or  f6s,  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Lugo,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1209. 

Foz,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  on  the  Tagus, 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     It  has  iron-works. 

Frack'ville,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Potts- 
ville.  It  has  5  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Coal  i» 
extensively  mined  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890.  2520. 

Frades,  fr&'dds,  ^  small  island  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Bahia,  in  All  Saints'  Bay,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Frades,  fri'nfls,  a  village  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.  of  Sal- 
amanca, with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  696. 

Fraga,  fri'gi  (anc.  Gallica  Flaviaf),  a  town  of  Spain, 
55  miles  S.E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Cinoa.  Pop.  6695.  Its 
environs  are  noted  for  excellent  figs  and  pomegranates.  It 
has  Roman  ruins. 

Fraget  Schmarkt,  Transylvania.    See  Fogaras. 

Fragneto,  frin-yi'to  (Fragnkto  Monforte,  fr4n-yA'- 
to  mon-foR't&,  and  Fragneto  l' Abate,  fr&n-y&'to  I&-bl'UL), 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Italy,  prorinoe  of  Avellino,  and 


FRA 


1208 


FRA 


I 


respectively  17  and  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ariano.  Pop.  of 
the  former,  2014;  of  the  latter,  1934. 

Fragua^  fri'gwi,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  on  the  S.E.  slope  of  the  Sierra  de  Pardaos,  and, 
ifter  a  S.E.  course  of  about  180  miles,  joins  the  Japura  in 
tat.  0°  50'  N.,  Ion.  74°  10'  W. 

Frail  es,  fri'lfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Jaen,  5 
miles  E.  of  Alcald-la-Real.     Pop.  2345. 

Frailey,  fra'le,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1322,     It  includes  Donaldson. 

Frain,  or  Frayn,  frine  (Moravian,  Wranow,  vri'nov), 
I  town  of  Moravia,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Znaim,  on  the 
rhaya,  with  a  manufactory  of  porcelain.     Pop.  1130. 

Fraipont,  fri*p6N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
1  miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1200. 

Fraisans,  fri^z5N<»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Jura,  on  the  Doubs,  14  miles  from  Ddle.  It  has  iron-mines 
and  iron-works.     Pop.  2909. 

F raize,  friz,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  32  miles 
E.  of  EJpinal.     Pop.  2525. 

rrakno-Anya,atown  of  Hungary.    SeeFoRCHTENAU. 

Frame's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fra'mingham,  a  post-town  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Sudbury  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitch- 
burg  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston.  Another  rail- 
road extends  northward  to  Lowell.  It  has  12  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  rubber,  straw 
goods,  boots  and  shoes,  woollen  goods,  bricks,  mattresses, 
leather-goods,  chairs,  paper  boxes,  hubs  and  wheels,  brass 
goods,  harness,  &o.  Framingham  also  contains  a  state 
normal  school,  grist-mills,  saw-mills,  cider-mills,  lumber- 
mills,  Ac.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  9239. 

Fram'lingham,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
Suffolk,  15  miles  N.N.B.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  a  fine  old 
church  and  the  ruins  of  a  magnificent  castle.     Pop.  2569. 

Frammersbach,  frim'm§rs-biK*,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
in  Lower  Pranconia,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Wiirzburg.     P.  1939. 

Fram'nas,  a  township  of  Stevens  co.,  Minn.     P.  260. 

Framp'ton,  a  village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Thames,  1  mile  from  Dorchester  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Frampton,  or  Saint  Edonard,  s4?ft  edVard',  a 
post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  36  miles  S.  of  Quebec. 
It  contains  6  stores,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1344. 

Framura,  fri-moo'r4,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Levanto.     Pop.  1065. 

Fram'wellgate,  a  northwestern  suburb  of  the  city  of 
Durham,  England,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  Wear; 
but  it  is  a  part  of  the  city  corporation.     Pop.  4548. 

Franca,  fra,n'k4,  or  Villa-Franca-do-Impera- 
dor,  veel'li-frin'kA-do-eem-pi-ri-dou',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  270  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Mugi. 

Franpais,  Cape.     See  Cape  Fran(;ai8. 

Franc- Aleu,  frftNk-iMuh',  a  district  of  France,  in  the 
ancient  province  of  Auvergne.     Its  capital  was  Sermur. 

Francastel,  fr&N»^k4s'tfir,  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise, 
25  miles  from  Clermont.     Pop.  738. 

Francavilla,  frin-ki-vil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Lecce,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Taranto.  Pop.  15,943.  The 
chief  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  a  college,  several  hospitals, 
charitable  institutions,  and  convents.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton  stuff's,  earthenware,  and  snuff.  In 
1734  it  suffered  greatly  from  an  earthquake. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  25  miles 
E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  2959. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  on 
the  Adriatic,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  4282. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Taormina.     Pop.  3520. 

Francavilla,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Gosenza, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  1387. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro, 
13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2416. 

France  (L.  OaVlia,  or  Fran'cia;  Fr.  La  France,  li 
frfisss;  It.  Francia,  frin'chi;  Sp.  Francia,  frin'the-i; 
Port.  Franga,  fr&n'sj ;  Ger.  Frankreich,  frink'riK ;  Dutch, 
Frankryle,  frink'rik;  Dan.  Frankrige,  frink'ree^gh^h ;  Sw. 
Frankrike,  frink'ree^ki),  a  republic,  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lous and  influential  states  in  the  world,  constituting  the  most 
westerly  portion  of  Central  Europe,  lying  between  lat.  42° 
20'  and  51°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  50'  W.  and  8°  25'  E. ;  bounded 
N.  by  the  English  Channel,  the  Straits  of  Dover,  and  Bel- 
gium; W.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean;  S.  by  Spain  and  the 
Mediterranean ;  E.  by  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  the  German 
Empire;  and  N.E.  by  German  Lorraine,  Luxemburg,  and 
Belgium.  The  salient  points  on  the  map  of  France  are  the 
N.,  the  W.,  the  E.,  the  S.W.,  and  the  S.E.  extremities.    By 


connecting  these  points  by  straight  lines,  a  pentagon  i* 
formed  including  the  whole  of  the  French  territory.  The 
coast-line  of  France,  without  allowing  for  minor  indenta- 
tions, measures  1320  miles;  the  continental  boundary-line, 
962 ;  the  whole  perimeter  being  thus  2282  miles.  The  total 
area  of  France  is  207,107  square  miles. 

Physical  Features. — The  Alps  on  the  E.  and  the  Pyrenees 
on  the  S.  connect  France  with  the  most  magnificent  moun- 
tain-systems of  Europe.  Since  the  acquisition  of  Savoy 
and  Nice,  the  French  portion  of  the  Alps  has  a  length  of 
280  miles,  consisting  of  the  Pennine,  Graian,  Cottian,  and 
Maritime  Alps,  and  comprising  Mt.  Blanc  (15,810  feet),  th( 
most  elevated  peak  in  Western  Europe,  Mt.  Olan  (13,819), 
Dftme  du  Gouter  (14,209),  Aiguille  du  G6ant  (13,156),  Mts 
Thabor,  Iseran,  <fcc.  The  chain  of  the  Pyrenees,  separating 
France  from  Spain,  culminates  in  Maladetta,  which  has  its 
highest  peak  in  Spain,  but  Nethou,  adjoining  it,  having  a 
height  of  11,168  feet,  is  in  France,  and  several  other  sum- 
mits on  the  French  side  reach  10,000  feet.  The  range  next 
in  importance  is  the  Cfivennes.  This  mountain-system, 
whose  length  is  360  miles,  stretches  in  a  general  northerly 
direction  from  Col  de  Nazouze  on  the  Canal  du  Midi  on  the 
S.  to  the  Canal  du  Centre  near  Chalons  on  the  N.,  the  cul- 
minating points  being  Mont  d'Or  (6188  feet)  and  Plomb  de 
Cantal  (6093  feet).  The  C6vennes  range  is  continued  north- 
ward, under  the  name  of  C6te-d'0r,  to  an  elevated  plateau 
called  the  Plateau  de  Langres.  The  range  near  the  source 
of  the  Mame,  composed  of  the  C^vennes  and  the  C6te-d'0r, 
forms  the  watershed  between  the  Atlantic  and  Mediterranean 
slopes.  The  main  chain  of  the  Vosges  runs  also  in  a  north- 
ern direction  along  the  W.  of  the  departments  of  llaute- 
SaQne  and  Vosges  into  Germany.  The  length  of  the  French 
portion  of  this  line  is  about  95  miles,  and  the  average  height 
does  not  exceed  3000  feet.  The  Jura  range,  running  in  a 
northeasterly  direction,  separates  part  of  France  from  Swit- 
zerland, but  belongs  rather  to  the  latter  country  than  to 
France.  It  touches  France,  however,  for  162  miles.  The 
mountains  generally  have  a  nucleus  of  granite,  which  forms 
the  prevailing  rock  in  the  Alps,  in  the  Pyrenees,  the  Ci- 
vennes,  and  the  elevated  plateau  of  Langres.  In  the  Vosges 
the  granite  is  replaced  by  porphyry ;  while  in  the  Jura 
range  limestone  occurs  in  such  enormous  masses  as  to  have 
given  its  name  to  a  peculiar  formation.  The  other  crystal- 
line rocks,  consisting  chiefly  of  trachytes  and  basalts,  hav<- 
received  a  magnificent  development  in  Auvergne,  where  the 
effects  of  volcanic  agency  are  still  obvious.  Mountain  lime- 
stone occurs  in  the  Pyrenees  in  a  form  worthy  of  its  name. 
In  Mont  Perdu,  in  that  range,  it  is  found  at  the  height  of 
10,230  feet.  The  secondary  formation,  commencing  with 
this  limestone  and  continuing  in  an  ascending  series  up 
to  the  chalk,  is  largely  developed  in  France,  and  furnishee 
a  considerable  number  of  coal  and  mineral  fields.  The  ter- 
tiary formation  occurs  mainly  in  two  great  divisions,  the 
more  extensively  developed  division  commencing  at  the 
base  of  the  Pyrenees  and  occupying  a  large  portion  of  the 
basins  of  the  Garonne  and  Adour.  The  lesser  takes  the 
name  of  the  Paris  basin,  and  occupies  a  large  extent  round 
Paris,  stretching  S.  into  the  valley  of  the  Loire. 

Climate. — Taken  on  the  whole,  the  climate  of  France  i« 
one  of  the  finest  in  Europe,  though,  from  the  extent  of  the 
country  and  the  diversity  of  conditions  in  different  locali- 
ties, considerable  variations  occur.  Thus,  the  climate  of  the 
northeast  is  continental,  while  that  of  the  northwest  i« 
oceanic,  resembling  the  climate  of  Britain.  The  Mediter- 
ranean districts,  again,  are  affected  by  the  burning  winde 
of  Africa,  the  mistral  often  proving  very  destructive  to 
vegetation  around  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone  and  Var.  P. 
of  "lat.  46°  there  are  about  134  rainy  days  in  the  year;  N 
of  this  parallel,  120.  At  Toulon  the  mean  annual  tempera- 
ture is  62°  Fahr. ;  at  Marseilles,  69.5° ;  at  Bordeaux,  56° ; 
at  Nantes,  55.2° ;  at  Paris,  51.2° ;  at  Dunkirk,  50.5°. 

A  popular  climatic  division  of  France  is  into  districts  in 
accordance  with  the  prevailing  vegetable  product  of  each. 
Thus,  the  districts  bordering  the  Mediterranean  have  been 
called  the  olive  region.  The  second,  whose  northern  limit 
is  a  line  drawn  in  an  E.N.E.  direction  from  the  department 
of  Gironde  to  Lower  Alsace,  has  maize  as  its  character- 
istic product.  The  third  reaches  to  a  line  drawn  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Loire  to  the  town  of  MSzidres  in  Ardennes,  and 
is  the  extreme  northern  limit  of  the  profitable  cultivation 
of  the  vine.  All  beyond  this  constitutes  the  fourth  region, 
of  which  wheat  may  be  regarded  as  the  staple. 

Natural  and  artificial  forests  cover  one-seventh  of  Franoa,    | 
the  principal  localities  being  the  Ardennes,  the  Vosges,  th«.  ^ 
Plateau  de  Langres,  the -Jura  range,  and  the  C6venne»- 
Along  the  Bay  of  Biscay  a  forest  of  sea-pine  has  been 
formed,  100  miles  long  by  7  broad.    The  oak,  elm,  and  pme 


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•re  the  prevailing  natural  trees.  Another  tree,  perhaps  of 
more  importance  than  any  other,  on  account  of  the  great 
national  industry  with  which  it  is  associated,  is  the  silk- 
mulberry.  The  olive  is  a  southern  product,  as  well  as  the 
orange,  lemon,  pistachio,  and  caper.     The  apple,  pear,  and 

?lum  are  the  leading  fruit  trees  N.  of  the  vine  region, 
hey  flourish  especially  in  Normandy.  Another  seventh 
of  France  is  either  absolutely  waste  or  so  rugged,  moorish, 
sandy,  or  marshy  as  to  be  classed  with  waste  lands.  The 
remaining  five-sevenths  comprise  the  cultivated  ground. 
Of  this  one-half  is  under  the  plough,  one-eleventh  in  per- 
manent meadow,  and  one-twenty-fifth  in  vineyard. 

Owing  to  the  excessive  subdivision  of  the  soil,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  French  law  of  succession,  which  enacts  that 
on  the  death  of  the  father  all  the  children  shall  inherit 
equally,  French  farms,  according  to  Balbi,  do  not  average 
more  than  five  acres  of  arable  land  each.  Although,  in 
consequence  of  comparative  want  of  capital,  French  modes 
of  husbandry  are  antiquated  as  compared  with  those  of 
England,  Belgium,  and  America,  yet  the  aggregate  of  the 
I  crops  raised  is  immense,  and  suflScient  on  the  average  of 
I  years  for  the  supply  of  her  own  people.  The  cereal  crop  is 
j  by  far  the  most  important.  Potatoes  are  largely  cultivated, 
j  as  also  beets  for  sugar.  Hemp,  rape,  madder,  saffron,  hops, 
i  and  tobacco  are  also  among  the  products.  But  in  the  grape 
j  district  the  most  important  industry  is  the  cultivation  of 
i  the  vine.  In  this  department  of  husbandry  France  is  un- 
i  surpassed,  the  various  high-class  wines  she  produces,  under 
I  the  names  of  Champagne,  Burgundy,  Bordeaux,  Ac,  having 
i  the  very  highest  repute.  The  northern  part  of  France  pro- 
I  iuces  excellent  cider  and  perry. 

!     Considerable  attention  has  been  paid  of  late  to  improving 
the  breed  of  horses,  especially  for  military  purposes,  oxen 
otang  principally  employed  in  agriculture.     The  breeds  of 
)xen   are  generally  inferior  as  compared  with   those  of 
I  Britain.    The  rearing  of  sheep  receives  a  good  deal  of  atten- 
1  ion,  fully  as  much,  however,  for  the  sake  of  the  fleece  as 
^Xj^he  mutton.     The  value  of  the  annual  production  of  eggs 
^■H  poultry  amounts  to  $20,000,000,  and  of  this  28  per  cent. 
^■Hir  export. 

^■Htftnes. — There  are  coal-fields  in  33  departments,  but  the 

^m^ortion  they  bear  to  the  whole  surface  of  the  country  is  not 

^^(rore  than  one-tenth  of  that  borne  by  the  coal-fields  of  Great 

T;  Britain  to  the  area  of  that  country.     The  most  important 

I  fields  are  those  of  Valenciennes,  in  the  department  of  the 

i^^Tord,  and  Saint-Etienne,  in  that  of  the  Loire.  To  the 
latter,  Lyons  is  indebted  for  much  of  its  prosperity.  The  out- 
jiutis  insufficient  for  home  consumption,  so  that  a  large  import 
takes  place  every  year  from  England  and  Belgium.  Iron  is 
U.erived  from  most  of  the  coal-fields,  and  from  beds  in  the 
j  departments  of  Ardennes,  Moselle,  Haute-Marne,  Haute- 
f  >adne,  NiSvre,  Cher,  Ac. ;  also  from  seams  in  the  mountain- 
limestone  of  Jura,  and  from  the  crystalline  rocks  of  the 
iJps,  Pyrenees,  and  Vosges.  The  number  of  mines  worked 
is  about  2000,  and  the  quantity  of  iron  produced  exceeds 
1,000,000  tons.  Few  countries  are  so  rich  in  lead  as  France, 
llanganese  is  mined  at  Roman^che,  Sadne-et- Loire,  tin  in 
the  northwestern  districts,  and  copper  in  the  Alps  and  Cor- 
sica. Iron  pyrites  are  largely  worked  for  sulphuric  acid  in 
the  eastern  and  southeastern  departments.  France  abounds 
in  marbles  and  sandstone  fit  for  building-purposes,  and 
numerous  quarries  are  worked  all  over  the  country.  A  fine 
lithographic  stone  is  found  in  the  department  of  Gard.  Ex- 
cellent millstones  are  obtained  in  several  localities,  the  best 
being  from  La-Fert6-80us-Jouarre.  The  best  gypsum  is 
from  the  vicinity  of  Paris,  whence  it  is  named  "  plaster  of 
Paris ;"  the  best  cement  from  Vassy,  Pouilly,  Boulogne,  Le 
Teil,  Seilley,  and  Grenoble;  the  finest  potter's  clay  from 
Gien  and  Limoges  j  kaolin  is  found  at  Saint- Yrieix,  and 
rook  salt  is  found  especially  near  Nancy,  at  Salina,  and  at 
Lons-le-Saulnier. 

Manufactures. — Owing  to  the  minute  subdivision  of  the 
land,  the  agricultural  population  outnumbers  the  manufac- 
turing in  the  proportion  of  5  to  1,  so  that  France  cannot 
With  propriety  be  called  a  manufacturing  country.  She 
stands  unrivalled,  however,  for  her  silk-manufactures.  The 
chief  seat  of  this  industry  is  Lyons,  with  the  towns  of  the  dis- 
trict around  it,  particularly  Saint-Etienne.  Fine  silks  are  also 
manufactured  at  Tours  and  Paris.  After  silk  follow  cotton, 
manufactured  at  and  near  Rouen,  Saint-Quentin,  Troyes, 
Lille,  Ac;  woollens,  including  broadcloths,  at  Louviers, 
jElbeuf,  Sedan,  Carcassonne,  Abbeville,  Ac. ;  light  woollen 
Jstuffs,  at  Rheims,  Amiens,  and  Beauvais ;  tapestry,  at  Paris 
■and  Beauvais  ;  carpets,  at  Paris,  Aubusson,  Ac. ;  linens,  fine 
"muslin,  gauze,  and  lace,  at  Cambrai,  Valenciennes,  Saint- 
Quentin,  Alen^on,  Caen,  Ac. ;  porcelain  and  glass,  at  Sevres, 
Paris,  Limoges,  and  Bayeux.  Other  manufactures  are 
77 


beet-root  sugar,  leather,  paper,  hats,  hosiery,  iron  and  steal, 
brass-  and  zinc-wares,  plate-  and  flint-glass,  Ac.  The 
French  especially  excel  in  the  manufacture  of  articles  calling 
for  taste,  ingenuity,  and  delicate  manipulation.  Many  in- 
dustries of  this  description  have  their  chief  seat  in  the 
capital.  Among  others  may  be  noted  Gobelins  tapestry, 
costly  shawls,  articles  of  virtil,  jewelry,  clocks,  watches, 
philosophical  and  surgical  instruments,  carriages,  works  in 
ivory,  books,  types,  engravings,  Ac.  Besides  what  is  used 
for  home  consumption,  France  exports  wine  to  the  annual 
value  of  $46,000,000,  and  brandy,  manufactured  chiefly  in 
the  department  of  Charente,  especially  at  Cognac,  and  at 
Nantes,  to  the  value  of  $10,000,000. 

The  principal  articles  of  import  are  metals  (precious  and 
common),  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  raw  silk  and  cotton, 
wool,  flax,  hemp,  jute,  hides,  sugar,  coffee,  tobacco,  cacao, 
rice,  vanilla,  indigo,  timber,  Ac.  Among  her  chief  exports 
are  wine,  brandy,  silk  goods,  watches,  clocks,  perfumery, 
madder,  chemical  products,  cotton  and  woollen  faorics,  toys, 
gloves,  lace,  artificial  flowers,  tools,  paper,  musical,  surgical, 
and  philosophical  instruments,  leather,  fruit,  agricultural 
products,  as  butter,  eggs,  and  poultry,  potatoes,  cereals, 
Ac.  The  foreign  commerce  of  France  is  chiefly  with  Great 
Britain,  Belgium,  Germany,  and  Italy, — Great  Britain 
ranking  far  above  any  other  country,  the  exports  to  it  being 
more  than  double  in  value  of  those  to  Belgium,  the  next 
export-market  in  order  of  importance.  The  great  empo- 
riums of  trade  are  Paris,  Lyons,  Saint-Etienne,  Rouen, 
Lille,  Rheims,  Nimes,  Toulouse,  Marseilles,  Saint-Quentin, 
Orleans,  Avignon,  Montpellier,  Bordeaux,  Havre,  Ac. 

The  merchant  navy  consisted  in  1892  of  15,278  vessels, 
with  a  tonnage  of  905,606.  Of  these  about  1500  vessels 
were  engaged  in  foreign  commerce,  10,000  in  coast-fishing, 
3500  in  the  coast  trade,  and  the  rest  in  port-service,  Ac. 

The  railway  system  of  France  dates  from  the  year  1840. 
In  1893  there  were  open  21,570  miles  of  railway.  These 
railways  are  almost  entirely  in  the  hands  of  six  great  com- 

?anies,  viz.,  (1)  the  Paris,  Lyons  A  Mediterranean  ;  (2)  the 
aris-Orleans ;  (3)  the  Northern  ;  (4)  the  Western  ;  (5)  the 
Southern ;  (6)  the  Eastern.  On  the  1st  of  January,  1893, 
there  were  59,693  miles  of  telegraph  lines,  comprising 
197,622  miles  of  wire. 

The  canals  of  France  are  numerous,  tlie  object  being  tc 
connect  all  the  great  water-basins  and  thereby  give  a  con- 
tinuous water  communication  through  the  interior  and  from 
sea  to  sea.  Thus,  the  Canal  du  Midi  or  Canal  of  Languedoc, 
starting  from  a  point  in  the  ^Garonne  a  little  below  Tou- 
louse, runs  E.S.E.  into  the  Etang  de.  Thau,  completing  a 
navigable  communication  between  the  Atlantic  and  the 
Mediterranean.  Three  canals,  viz.,  the  Canal  du  Centre,  or 
of  Charolais,  the  Rhone  and  Rhine  Canal,  and  the  Canal  of 
Burgundy,  pierce  the  barriers  which  isolated  the  basins  of 
the  Rhone,  Loire,  Seine,  and  Rhine,  and  give  navigable 
access  from  any  one  of  these  rivers  to  the  other  three.  The 
Canal  of  Saint-Quentin,  the  longest  in  France,  measuring 
230  miles,  unites  Nantes  and  Brest.  France  possesses  canals 
having  an  aggregate  length  of  about  2300  miles.  The  rivers  of 
France  are  navigable  for  the  aggregate  length  of  5500  miles : 
thus,  the  Loire  gives  water  communication  through  the  cen- 
tre of  France  to  Roanne,  450  miles  from  its  mouth ;  the 
Seine  to  Rouen  for  vessels  of  300  tons,  and  for  such  as  draw 
no  more  than  6  feet,  to  Paris,  110  miles  inland;  the  Rhone 
for  good-sized  vessels  to  Lyons,  218  miles  from  Marseilles; 
and  the  Garonne  to  Toulouse,  and  for  lighter  vessels  to 
Cazlres,  260  miles  from  its  embouchure. 

Government. — Till  1789,  France  was  a  pure  despotism. 
Since  then  it  has  changed  its  form  of  government  more 
frequently  than  any  other  country  in  the  world,  having 
had  during  this  period  at  least  15  different  constitutions. 
The  present  constitution  bears  date  February  25,  1875.  It 
vests  the  legislature  in  an  assembly  of  two  houses, — the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  and  the  Senate, — and  the  executive 
in  a  president.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  is  elected  by 
universal  suffrage,  every  arrondissement  sending  one  dep- 
uty, and,  if  its  population  is  over  100,000,  then  an  addi- 
tional deputy  for  each  100,000  or  portion  thereof.  There 
are  in  all  532  members.  The  Senate  has  300  members,  of 
whom  225  are  elected  by  the  departments  of  France  and 
the  colonies  and  75  by  the  Senate.  The  senators  for  the 
departments  are  elected  for  nine  years,  retiring  by  thirds 
every  three  years,  while  those  elected  by  the  Senate  sit  for 
life.  The  Senate  has  conjointly  with  the  Chamber  of  Dep- 
uties the  right  of  initiating  and  framing  laws,  but  financial 
measures  must  be  first  presented  to  and  voted  by  the  Cham- 
ber of  Deputies.  Both  houses  assemble  yearly  on  the 
second  Tuesday  of  January,  and  remain  in  session  at  least 
five  months.     The  president  of  the  republic  has  the  power 


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of  convoking  extraordinary  meetings  of  the  chambers. 
Deputies  are  chosen  for  a  term  of  four  years. 

The  president  of  the  republic  is  elected  by  a  majority  of 
votes  by  the  Senate  and  Chamber  of  Deputies  united  in 
National  Assembly.  He  is  nominated  for  seven  years,  has 
the  initiative  of  legislation  concurrently  with  the  two  cham- 
bers, promulgates  laws  enacted  by  them,  has  the  right  of 
pardon,  disposes  of  the  military  force,  appoints  to  all  civil 
and  military  posts,  including  the  heads  of  the  ministerial 
departments,  and  may,  with  the  assent  of  the  Senate,  dis- 
solve the  Chamber  of  Deputies  before  the  legal  expiry  of 
its  term.  He  is  responsible  only  in  case  of  high  treason. 
His  salary  is  600,000  francs,  or  $120,000,  a  year,  with  an 
additional  allowance  of  $60,000  for  household  expenses. 

All  religions  are  equal  by  law,  but  only  the  Roman 
Catholics,  Protestants,  and  Jews  (and  in  Algeria  the  Mo- 
hammedans) have  state  allowances.  At  the  census  of 
1872  the  returns  gave  98.02  per  cent,  of  the  whole  people 
as  Roman  Catholics,  and  1.60  per  cent,  as  Protestants.  It  is 
to  be  noted,  however,  that  all  who  did  not  declare  them- 
selves members  of  another  church  were  reckoned  as  Cath- 
olics. There  are  86  prelates  in  the  Catholic  church,  namely, 
17  archbishops  and  69  bishops.  The  Archbishop  of  Paris 
receives  50,000  francs  a  year,  the  other  archbishops  20,000, 
and  the  bishops  15,000  francs.  Five  French  prelates  hold 
the  rank  of  cardinals,  to  which  they  were  nominated  by 
the  Pope.  The  Protestants  are  divided  into  two  main 
branches,  viz.,  the  Protestants  of  the  Augsburg  Confession, 
or  Lutherans,  numbering  86,117,  and  Protestants  of  the 
Reformed  Church,  or  Calvinists,  numbering  467,531.  The 
Lutherans  are  governed  by  a  general  consistory,  the  Calvin- 
ists by  a  council  of  administration,  which  meets  at  Paris. 
They  have  a  faculty  of  theology  at  Montauban.  The  Jews 
have  a  central  consistory  at  Paris,  and  synagogues  at  Paris 
and  the  other  large  cities. 

Education, — As  a  rule,  education  is  most  advanced  in  the 
northeastern  departments,  and  least  in  the  southwestern. 
Since  the  institution  of  the  republic,  great  attention  has 
been  given  by  both  houses  of  the  legislature  to  this  subject. 
Instruction  is  presided  over  by  a  special  ministry.  Nearly 
half  the  expenses  connected  with  it  are  defrayed  by  the 
state,  and  the  remainder  by  the  departments.  Schools  are 
divided  into  three  classes, — primary,  secondary,  and  col- 
leges and  universities  devoted  to  the  higher  instruction. 
Primary  education  is  administered  by  the  commune,  each 
commune  of  500  souls  being  obliged  to  have  one  school  for 
boys  and  one  for  girls.  Above  the  primary  schools  come 
the  secondary  schools,  in  which  classical  or  industrial  edu- 
cation is  given.  These  comprise  81  lyceums,  maintained 
by  the  state,  situated  generally  in  the  capitals  of  depart- 
ments, 250  communal  colleges,  and  a  large  number  of  pri- 
vate seminaries.  The  classical  schools  give  diplomas  as 
bachelier-is-lettrea  and  bachelier-le-sciencee.  In  order  to 
educate  professors,  the  state  has  established  for  the  classical 
branch  the  high  normal  school,  and  for  the  industrial 
branch  the  special  normal  school  of  Cluny.  The  higher 
instruction  is  given  by  the  facultis,  of  which  there  are  15 
for  literature  and  science,  10  for  law,  7  for  theology,  and 
3  for  medicine.  One  of  these /acu^t^s  is  established  in  each 
town  where  there  is  a  court  of  justice,  except  Ajaocio. 
The  facultSa  confer  the  degrees  of  bachelier,  licenciS,  and 
docteur.  The  professors  are  paid  partly  by  the  state  and 
partly  by  fees.  The  College  de  France  and  the  Museum  of 
Natural  Science,  both  in  Paris,  represent  the  independent 
studies;  the  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers  (for  arts  and 
trades),  in  Paris,  is  a  sort  of  industrial  university.  Besides 
these  may  be  mentioned,  in  Paris,  the  Polytechnic  School 
for  ofl&cers  and  state  engineers,  the  Central  School  of  Arts 
and  Manufactures  for  civil  engineers,  the  School  of  Fine 
Arts  for  painters,  sculptors,  and  architects,  the  Conservatoire 
for  musicians  and  actors,  and  the  school  for  living  Oriental 
languages.  Outside  of  Paris  there  are  three  schools  of  the 
arts  and  trades,  several  schools  of  fine  arts,  3  schools  of 
agriculture,  1  of  horticulture,  3  for  veterinary  surgeons,  1 
at  Saint-Etienne  for  miners,  and  1  for  mining  engineers. 
There  are  Catholic  universities  at  Paris,  Angers,  Lille,  and 
Toulouse. 

Communal  and  Departmental  Administration. — The  com- 
mune represents  the  elementary  territorial  unit.  It  com- 
prises either  a  town  or  one  or  more  villages,  with  the  ad- 
jacent rural  districts,  and  is  governed  by  a  maire,  deputies, 
and  municipal  council.  The  maire  is  appointed  by  gov- 
ernment, and  is  assisted  by  deputies  similarly  appointed. 
The  council  is  elected  by  the  inhabitants.  Paris  and  Lyons 
have  special  municipal  administrations. 

The  canton  consists  in  most  cases  of  ten  communes.  It 
\u  not  so  much  an  administrative  as  a  judiciary  division. 


Recruiting  for  the  army  takes  place  at  the  chief  town  of  the 
canton.  The  arrondissement  is  usually  composed  of  eight 
cantons.  It  is  governed  by  a  sub-prefect,  appointed  by  the 
president  of  the  republic.  He  is  assisted  by  a  council  con- 
sisting of  as  many  members  as  there  are  cantons  in  the 
arrondissement.  The  department  comprises  generally  four 
arrondissements.  It  is  governed  by  a  prefect,  who  is  ap- 
pointed by  the  president  on  the  nomination  of  the  minister 
of  the  interior,  and  is  assisted  by  a  council  composed  of  as 
many  members  as  there  are  cantons. 

Army  and  Navy. — The  French  army  is  now  organized  on 
the  basis  of  a  law  for  recruitment  enacted  by  the  National 
Assembly  in  1872  and  supplemented  by  laws  passed  in 
1873-75.  Personal  military  service  is  in  virtue  of  these 
obligatory  on  every  Frenchman,  this  liability  continuing 
from  his  twentieth  to  his  fortieth  year.  His  terms  of  ser- 
vice are  distributed  as  follows,  viz.,  (1)  five  years  in  the 
active  army ;  (2)  four  years  in  the  reserve  of  the  active 
army ;  (3)  five  years  in  the  territorial  army ;  (4)  six  years 
in  the  reserve  of  the  territorial  army.  Besides  for  physical 
unfitness,  partial  or  complete  exemption  is  given  for  family 
and  professional  reasons :  thus,  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  or- 
phans, the  oldest  son  or  grandson  of  a  widow,  teachers, 
artists  who  have  gained  the  grand  prize,  and  ecclesiastics 
are  exempt.  Young  men  engaged  in  studies  or  avocations 
which  would  suffer  by  interruption  may  be  exempted  par- 
tially or  completely  on  the  recommendation  of  their  muni- 
cipal council.  Young  men  who  can  prove  a  certain  amount 
of  education  by  passing  an  examination  are  permitted  to 
enlist  as  volunteers  for  one  year  only,  provided  they  feed 
and  clothe  themselves  at  their  own  expense.  All  soldiers  in 
the  active  army  who  have  learned  their  duties,  and  who  can 
read  and  write,  may  at  the  end  of  a  year's  service  be  sent 
oflF  on  furlough  for  an  indefinite  time. 

The  active  army  is  thus  composed  of  all  the  young  men 
from  twenty  to  twenty-nine  who  have  not  been  exempted, 
the  reserve  of  all  the  men  from  twenty-nine  to  forty. 
Neither  the  active  army  nor  its  reserve  are  in  any  way 
localized,  but  are  drawn  from  and  distributed  over  the  whole 
of  France.  On  the  other  hand,  the. territorial  army  and  its 
reserve  are  spread  over  fixed  districts  determined  from  time 
to  time  by  administrative  enactment. 

The  total  eflfective  force  of  the  active  army  in  1885  was 
524,797  men  and  130,797  horses,  including  the  Gendarmerie 
and  the  Garde  R6publicaine,  amounting  to  26,865  men  and 
13,152  horses.  For  recruiting  the  army  in  1884  it  was  esti- 
mated that  161,531  conscripts  would  be  required.  Of  these 
101,694  were  to  be  assigned  to  the  infantry,  17,303  to  the 
cavalry,  28,558  to  the  artillery,  3091  to  the  engineers,  5586  to 
the  military  train,  and  5299  to  the  administrative  branches. 
All  soldiers  who  have  learned  their  duties,  and  who  can  read 
and  write,  may  be  given  an  indefinite  furlough. 

The  wnole  of  France  is  divided  into  eighteen  military 
regions,  each  under  a  general  of  division  and  subdivided 
into  districts  corresponding  to  the  departments,  each  under 
a  general  of  brigade.  The  fortified  places  are  specially  ad- 
ministered by  a  ecT^ice  dea  fortifications,  with  che/s-lieitx 
or  headquarters  at  Arras,  Bayonne,  Besanjon,  Bourges, 
Brest,  Cherbourg,  Grenoble,  Langres,  Rochelle,  Havre,  Lille, 
Lyons,  Marseilles,  Montpellier,  Nantes,  Perpignan,  Saint- 
Omer,  Toulon,  and  Toulouse.  To  replace  Metz  and  Stras- 
burg,  lost  to  Germany,  a  decree  of  government  of  1872  cre- 
ated military  establishments  at  Avignon,  Perpignan,  Quibe- 
ron,  and  Rouen. 

The  war  navy  of  France  consists  of  about  500  vessels, 
mostly  steamers,  with  an  aggregate  of  nearly  3000  guns; 
and  of  the  ships  over  50  are  iron-clad. 

The  navy  is  manned  partly  by  conscription  and  partly  by 
voluntary  enlistment.  The  time  of  service  is  the  same  m 
in  the  army.  By  the  law  of  1872  it  is  enacted  that  a  certain 
number  of  young  men  liable  to  service  in  the  active  army 
may  select  the  navy  instead. 

Finance.— In  1875  the  total  public  debt  of  France,  con- 
solidated and  redeemable,  amounted  to  $4,687,921,400,  the 
interest  or  rente  on  which  was  $149,680,980.  In  the  year 
1889  this  debt  had  been  reduced  to  21,251,000,000  francs 
(about  $4,250,200,000).  .       . 

Colonies  and  Dependencies. — The  island  of  Corsica  U 
treated  as  an  integral  part  of  France.  Algeria  is  the  most 
important  colonial  possession.  Besides  Algeria,  she  pos- 
sesses in  Africa  Senegal,  some  small  establishments  near  the 
Gold  Coast,  Gaboon,  the  island  of  Mayotte  and  its  depend- 
encies, Nossi  B6,  Sainte-Marie-de-Madagascar,  and  Be 
union;  in  Asia,  the  cities  of  Mahg,  Carrical,  Pondicberry, 
Yanaon,  and  Chandernagore  in  India,  and,  in  Indo-Chinn. 
French  Cochin  China  or  Basse  Cochin-Chine  ;  in  Oceanir  • 
New  Caledonia,  the  Loyalty  Isles,  Clipperton  Island,  an^ 


FRA 


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iTRA 


the  Marquesas,  besides  the  Society,  Pearl,  and  Gambier 
Islands  (under  French  protection);  in  South  America, 
French  Guiana;  in  the  West  Indies,  Martinique,  Guade- 
loupe, St.  Bartholomew,  and  several  minor  islands ;  and  in 
North  America,  the  islands  of  St,  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  to 
the  S.  of  Newfoundland.  The  kingdom  of  Cambodia  is 
under  French  control,  and  the  existence  of  a  French  pro- 
tectorate over  Annam  has  been  announced.  Exclusive  of 
Algeria,  Cambodia,  and  the  protectorates,  the  colonies  have 
a  population  of  about  3,000,000. 

Population. — According  to  the  census  of  1891,  the  popu- 
lation of  France  was  38,343,192,  the  number  present  at  the 
enumeration  being  38,095,156.  In  1872  the  population  was 
36,102,921,  showing  an  increase  between  the  years  1872 
and  1891  of  2,240,271.  Part  of  this  increase  is  due  to  the 
immigration  of  persons  from  the  portions  of  Alsace  and 
Lorraine  annexed  by  Germany.  The  natural  rate  of  in- 
crease of  the  population  in  France  is  lower  than  that  of 
any  other  nation  in  Western  Europe.  Of  the  whole  popu- 
lation the  rural  portion  constitutes  about  70  per  cent,  and 
the  urban  30  per  cent.  The  population  of  the  different 
departments  was,  in  1891,  as  follows : 


'  Ain 356,907 

Alsne 545,493 

I  AUier 424,382 

]  AlpeB-Maritimes 258,671 

Ardfiche „  371,269 

Ardennes 324,923 

Arifige 227,491 

iinbe 255,548 

I  AUde 317,372 

Aveyron 400,467 

!  llaases-Alpes 124,285 

;]  lasses- PyrfinSes 425,027 

!  ]  loncheB-du-Rhone 630,622 

I  (Wvados 428,945 

|(antal 239,601 

i  (  harente 360,259 

,  (  barente-Inf6rieure. ...  456,202 

,  (  her 369,276 

i(orr6ze 328,119 

(orsica 288,596 

|C5te-d'0r 376,866 

I  Cates  dn-Nord 618,652 

ICreuse 284,660 

ileux-S^Tres 354,282 

■lordogne 478,471 

llonbs 303,081 

|Ir6me 306,419 

llare 349,471 

iKore-et-Loir. 284,683 

iFinistfere 727,012 

jGird 419,388 

Gars 261,084 

\Q  ronde 793,528 

iHaute-Garonne 472,383 

iHiute-Loire 316,735 

,Hjute-Marne 243,533 

|H»ute-8a6ne 280,856 

IH  lute-Savoie 268,267 

Hmte-Vienne 372,878 

Biiutes-Alpes 115,522 

iHautes-Pyren^eg 225,861 

iHiwte-Rhin  (Belfort)..  79,758 

P>irault 461,651 

lUe-et-Vilaine 626,875 

[ndre 292,868 


Indre-et-Loire 337,298 

Isfere 572,146 

Jura 273,028 

Landes 297,842 

Loir-et-Cher 280,368 

Loire 616,227 

Loire-Inf6rieure 645,263 

Loiret 377,718 

Lot 253,885 

Lot-et-Qaronne 296,360 

Loz^re 135,527 

Maine-et-Loire 518,589 

Manche 513,815 

Marne 434,692 

Mayenne 332,387 

Meurthe-et-Moselle 444,150 

Meuse 292,253 

Morbihan 644,470 

Nievre 343,581 

Nord 1,736,341 

Olse 401,835 

Orne 364,387 

Pas-de-Calais 874,364 

Puy-de-D6me 564,266 

Pyrgnees-Orientales....  210,125 

Rhone 806,737 

Sa8ne-et-Loire 619,523 

Sarthe 429,737 

Savoy 263,297 

Seine 3,141,595 

Seine-Inf6rieure 839,876 

Seine-et-Marne 356,709 

Seine-et-Oise 628,590 

Somme 546,495 

Tarn 346,739 

Tarn-et-Garonne 206,596 

Var 288,336 

Vaucluse 235,411 

Vendge 442,355 

Vienno 344,355 

Vosges 410,196 

Yonne 344,688 


Total 38,343,192 


There  were  27  towns 
more  than  60,000 : 

Paris 2,447, 

[ijons 416 

UaiBeilles 403i 

Bordeaux 262, 

Jille. 201! 

Coulouse 149 

It  Etienne 133, 

Jantes 122, 

lavre 116 

^ubaix 114! 

ftonen 112! 

iteims 104! 


with  a  communal  population  of 


KaDcy.„ 


87 


,957 
,029 
,749 
,415 
,211 
,791 
,443 
,750 
,369 
,917 
,362 
,186 
,273 
,110 


Amiens..................^ 83,664 

Toulon ~- 77,747 

Brest 76,846 

Limoges ^..  72,697 

Angers 72,669 

Nlmes 71,623 

Moutpellier 69,258 

Rennes 69,232 

Tourcoing. 66,477 

Dyon 65,428 

Orleans 63,705 

Grenoble 60,439 

Tours 60,336 


\  Higtory. — The  earliest  account  we  have  of  France  is  that 
pft  us  by  Caesar,  who  speaks  of  it  under  its  Latinized  name 
n  Galha.  He  found  it  inhabited  by  three  races— the 
\quitanians  in  the  southwest,  the  Celts  in  the  west  and  cen- 
pe,  and  the  Belgians  in  the  north  and  northeast.     There 

J  ere,  besides,  some  tribes  of  Germans,  Ligurians,  and 
roeks.  Csesar  reduced  the  greater  part  of  the  country 
ander  the  sway  of  Rome,  and  it  continued  tributary  till 
be  Roman  empire  began  to  fall  to  pieces,  when  hordes  from 
"lie  north  and  east  began  to  pour  into  it.  In  the  fifth  cen- 
*iry  it  fell  completely  into  the  power  of  the  Visigoths,  Bur- 
undians,  and  Franks,— the  first  occupying  the  south,  the 


Burgundians  the  east,  and  the  Franks  the  north.  Clovia, 
the  king  or  chief  of  the  Franks,  and  grandson  of  Merovsaua, 
defeated  the  Visigoths  in  507,  and  took  possession  of  their 
country  as  far  south  as  the  !Pyrenees,  founding  the  Mero- 
vingian dynasty.  Persuaded  by  his  wife,  Clotilda,  he  em- 
braced Christianity,  and  so  reconciled  the  Gallo-!Romanio 
element  of  the  people  to  his  rule.  At  his  death,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  custom  common  to  all  Teutonic  nations,  his 
kingdom  was  divided  among  his  sons.  Civil  strife  soon 
broke  out,  and,  his  successors  being  too  weak  to  rule  with 
effect  in  troublous  times,  power  passed  from  them  into  the 
hands  of  the  mayors  of  their  palace.  Ultimately,  Pepin 
le  Bref,  mayor  to  Childerio  III.,  ascended  the  throne  him- 
self, and  thus  founded  the  Carlovingian  dynasty.  !His  son, 
the  famous  Charlemagne,  extended  the  bounds  of  the  em- 
pire until  it  included  all  of  Italy,  except  the  south,  and  the 
greater  part  of  Germany.  By  him  the  feudal  system  waa 
introduced,  the  Catholic  religion  firmly  fixed,  and  civil 
order  established.  French  civilization  may  be  said  to  date 
from  his  reign.  With  him,  however,  the  greatness  of  the 
Carlovingian  dynasty  passed  away,  and  his  vast  dominions 
became  a  prey  to  discord.  Intestine  wars  desolated  the 
land,  and  foreign  assailants  threatened  it  on  every  side. 
Meanwhile,  as  the  influence  of  the  central  authority  grew 
less,  that  of  the  nobles  became  aggrandized,  so  that  the 
power  of  some  of  the  vassals  surpassed  that  of  the  king. 
Finally,  on  the  death  of  Louis  V.,  in  987,  the  vassals,  pass- 
ing by  the  legal  heir,  chose  Hugh  Capet,  Count  of  Paris  and 
Duke  of  France,  to  be  their  king,  and  thus  founded  the 
long-continuing  Capetian  dynasty.  The  most  distinguished 
name  in  the  direct  line  of  Capetian  kings  is  that  of  St. 
Louis,  whose  reign  of  44  years,  from  1226  to  1270,  is  among 
the  most  illustrious  in  French  annals.  Charles  IV.  was 
succeeded,  in  1328,  by  Philip  VI.,  grandson  of  Philip  the 
Bold,  by  his  third  son,  Charles  of  Valois.  He  was  thus  out 
of  the  direct  line  of  the  Capetian  kings,  and  hence  the 
dynasty  which  he  established  is  known  as  that  of  the  col- 
lateral branch  of  Valois.  It  was  continued  directly  till 
1498,  and  then  successively  in  the  collateral  branches  Valois- 
Orl6an8,  Valois-AngoulSme,  and  Valois-Bourbon.  The  last 
commenced,  in  1589,  with  Henry  IV.  During  the  three 
previous  reigns.  Protestantism  had  made  wonderful  progress 
in  France,  and  bade  fair  for  the  ascendant,  when  two 
dreadful  blows  were  struck  at  it, — the  one  by  the  Massacre 
of  St.  Bartholomew,  and  the  other  by  the  act  of  Henry  him- 
self, who  rewarded  the  fidelity  with  which  the  Protestants 
had  clung  to  him  and  fought  his  battles,  by  publicly  ab- 
juring their  religion.  To  his  honor,  however,  he  not  only 
refused  to  persecute  it,  but  gave  it  complete  toleration,  by 
issuing  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  He  was  succeeded,  first,  by 
his  son,  Louis  XIII.,  and  then  by  his  grandson,  Louis  XIV., 
during  whose  reign  many  great  literary  names  occur ;  but 
the  monarch  himself,  when  stripped  of  the  trappings  of  roy- 
alty, which  he  knew  well  how  to  set  off  to  the  best  advan- 
tage, stands  forth  in  no  honorable  light.  He  recalled  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  and,  by  the  revocation,  drove  multitudes 
of  his  best  subjects  from  their  homes.  In  the  person  of 
Louis  XVI.  the  crown  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  sovereign 
who,  though  not  distinguished  for  talents,  was  of  unblem- 
ished morals ;  but  the  day  of  retribution  had  arrived,  and 
all  remedies  were  too  late.  The  whole  framework  of  soci- 
ety was  broken  up,  and  the  most  fearful  atrocities  were 
openly  perpetrated,  on  a  scale  of  magnitude  to  which  the 
previous  history  of  the  world  has  no  parallel.  The  reign 
of  terror  was  followed  by  a  military  despotism,  headed  by 
Napoleon,  whose  wonderful  talents  raised  France  to  the 
hignest  pinnacle  of  military  fame.  On  his  overthrow  the 
Bourbons  regained  their  throne,  but  soon  showed  that  the 
lessons  of  adversity  had  been  lost  upon  them.  They  were 
again  expelled,  in  1830,  and  Louis  Philippe,  the  head  of  the 
house  of  Orleans,  gained  the  crown.  He  abdicated  in  1846, 
and  a  republic  succeeded,  which  was  brought  to  an  end  by 
its  own  president,  Louis  Napoleon  Bonaparte.  December 
2,  1861,  supported  by  the  army,  he  dissolved  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  imprisoned  a  large  number  of  its  mem- 
bers, many  of  whom  he  banished  or  expelled  from  France. 
He  subjected  the  citizens  of  Paris  to  the  fire  of  his  troops, 
destroying  not  only  those  who  attempted  to  resist  his 
usurped  authority,  but  also  a  number  who  were  peaceably 
sitting  in  their  own  homes.  It  is  due,  however,  to  state 
that  the  government  which  Louis  Napoleon  established 
was  administered  with  firmness  and  ability.  In  1870  war 
broke  out  between  France  and  Germany,  in  which  the  Ger- 
mans were  uninterruptedly  successful.  On  the  1st  of  Sep- 
tember, 1870,  the  emperor,  with  all  his  army,  capitulated 
to  the  victors  at  Sedan.  The  war  was  continued  after  thii 
disaster,  and  finally  brought  to  a  close  by  the  exhaufitior 


FRA 


1212 


FRA 


of  Prance,  the  closing  act  being  the  surrender  of  Paris,  on 
the  28th  of  January,  1872.  The  provinces  of  Lorraine  and 
Alsace  were  given  back  to  Germany,  besides  which  Prance 
agreed  to  pay  an  indemnity  of  five  milliards  of  francs, 
which  she  did  in  a  surprisingly  short  time.  After  the  close 
of  the  war,  Prance  was  constituted  a  republic,  and  M.  Thiers 
chosen  first  president,  August  31, 1871.  On  the  24th  of  May, 
1873,  he  resigned,  and  Marshal  McMahon  was  chosen  to 

Buceeed  him,  his  term  of  office  being  fixed  at  7  years. 

Adj.  Prench  (Pr.  PRAN9AIS,  frftua^si',  feminine  FRAN9AISB, 
fr6N»^siz';  It.  Francesco,  frin-chis'ko ;  Sp.  Frances,  frin- 
thSs';  Ger.  Pranzosisch,  frint-so'zish).  Inhab.  Frenchman 
(Pr.  FBAN9AIS ;  It.  Francese,  frin-chi'si  j  Sp.  Frances  ; 
Ger.  Pranzose,  frint-so'z^h).  Gal'lic  and  Gaul  are  either 
poetical  or  else  used  in  reference  to  ancient  Gallia. 

France,  Isle  of,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Mauritius. 

France,  Isle  of,  France.    See  Ile  de  France. 

Frau'ces,  a  bay  in  the  island  of  Santiago,  the  principal 
of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  about  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  the  S.E. 
point  of  the  island.  This  bay  has  been  frequently  mistaken 
for  Porto  Praya,  which  is  4  or  5  miles  farther  S.W. 

Francescas,  fr5N»^8fis^kis',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  6  miles  S.E.  of  N6rac.     Pop.  1112. 

Franceston,  Ontari^j.    See  Hay. 

Fran'cestown,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  in  Prancestown  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Concord.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  an 
academy,  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  932. 

Fran'cesville,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  39  miles 
N.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Salem  Seminary, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  403. 

Franceza,  fr&n-si'sS,,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  a  little  S.W.  of  Cape  Frio. 

Francfort,  a  city  of  Germany.     See  Frankfort. 

Franche-Comt6,  fr6Nsh-k6N»*ti',  an  old  province  in 
the  E.  of  France  (capital,  Besanj on),  now  divided  into  the 
departments  of  Doubs,  Haute-Sadne,  and  Jura. 

Franchimont,  fr&N»^shee^m6N«',  a  hamlet  of  Belgium, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Liege.  The  castle,  now  in  ruins,  and  crown- 
ing a  neighboring  height,  alluded  to  in  Scott's  poem  of 
Marmion,  was  a  noted  stronghold  as  early  as  the  twelfth 
century.     Pop.  300. 

Francis'co,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Francisco,  a  post- village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  150. 

Francisco,  or  Francis'coville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  14 
miles  E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Francisco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  40  miles 
N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory  or  stemmery. 

Francisco,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Francisco,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Fran'cis  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Kossuth  township,  on  West  Two  River,  9  miles  N. 
of  Manitowoc.     It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Francis'  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  00.,  N.J.,  8  miles 
from  Hornerstown.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Francistown,  Ontario.    See  Exeter. 

Fran'cisville,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  00.,  Ga.,  on  Flint 
River,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Reynolds  Station. 

Francisville,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ey.,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Delhi  Station,  0.     It  has  a  church. 

Francofonte,  frln-ko-fon'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  4933. 

Francofurtum  ad  MoBnum.    See  Frankfort. 

Francofurtum  ad  Oderam  (or  Yiadnm),  an  aa- 
cisnt  name  of  Frankfort  on  the  Oder. 

Francoli,  fr4n-ko-lee',  a  small  river  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, after  a  course  of  about  30  miles,  falls  into  the  Medi- 
terranean about  1  mile  S.W.  of  Tarragona. 

Franconia,  fran-ko'ne-a  (Ger.  Franken,  frink'^n,  or 
Frankenland,  frink'^n-lint^  i.e.,  the  "Land  of  the 
Franks"),  an  old  duchy,  afterwards  a  circle  of  the  'ier- 
manic  Empire,  between  Upper  Saxony,  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Rhine,  Swabia,  Bavaria,  and  Bohemia.  The  chief 
cities  are  Nuremberg,  Wiirzburg,  and  Anspach.  Since  1806 
it  has  been  divided  between  the  grand  duchies  of  Baden 
and  Hesse  and  the  kingdoms  of  Saxony  and  Bavaria.     It 

gives  name  to  three  circles  of  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Pranconian,  fran-ko'ne-an. 

Franco'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  00.,  Ala.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Gainesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Franconia,  or  Fransonia,  a  hamlet  of  Richland 
00.,  111.,  5  miles  S.  of  Noble  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 


Franconia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  la 
Franconia  township,  and  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  38 
miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  manufactures  of  lime^ 
furniture,  and  wagons.     Pop.  of  the  township,  821. 

Franconia,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  The  surface  is  occupied 
by  high  mountains,  among  which  is  Mount  Lafayette.  It 
has  several  boarding-houses  for  summer  boarders.     P.  549. 

Franconia,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1959.     It  contains  Souderton. 

Franconia,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Alex- 
andria &  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Alexandria. 

Franconia  Mountains,  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  are  th« 
western  group  of  the  White  Mountains.  They  are  much 
visited  by  tourists,  but  are  generally  of  heights  somewhat 
inferior  to  the  average  found  in  the  White  Mountains  proper. 

Franconville,  fr6N<»'kiN»Veel',  a  village  of  Frano«, 
in  Seine-et-Oise,  9i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1207. 

Franeker,  frin'^-k^r,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  is 
Friesland,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Leeuwarden.  Pop.  6247 
It  is  well  built,  clean,  intersected  by  canals,  and  has  an 
athenaeum,  Latin  schools,  a  library,  and  a  botanic  garden. 

Frangy,  frfis»^zhee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute 
Savoie,  31  miles  N.  of  Chamb^ry.     Pop.  1520. 

Frangy,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  S  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  1697. 

Frank,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  00.,  0. 

Franken,  the  German  name  of  Franconia. 

Frankenan,  fr&nk'Qh-n5w\  or  Frankenheim, 
fr&nk'fn-hime\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle  Franconia, 
14  miles  W.  of  Anspach. 

Frankenan,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1042. 

Frankenberg,  frink'^n-b^RO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hcsse-Naasau,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2537.  It  baa 
manufactories  of  woollen  cloth,  tobacco,  and  paper. 

Frankenberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Chemnitz,  on  the  Zschopau,  an  affluent  of  the  Mulde.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  important  manufacturing  towns  in  SaxooT, 
and  has  extensive  establishments  for  cotton-  and  linen-weav- 
ing, and  mining,  and  for  the  manufacture  of  machinery, 
leather,  beer,  and  a  great  variety  of  goods.     Pop.  9710. 

Frankenbnrg,  frink'?n-b36Ro\  a  town  of  Austria,  25 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wels,     Pop.  973. 

Frankenhausen,  frink'^n-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Wipper,  27  milw 
N.  of  Erfurt.     There  is  a  salt  spring  in  its  vicinity. 

Frankenland,  the  German  name  of  Franconia. 

Fraukenlnst,  frank'^n-lSSst,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Kochville  township,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Sagi- 
naw City.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Frankenmarkt,  fr4nk'§n-maRkt\  a  town  of  Austria, 
31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  1082. 

Frankenmnth,  frank'? n-mS6th,  a  post- village  of  Sagi- 
naw CO.,  Mich.,  on  Cass  River,  in  Frankenmuth  townshifi 
about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Saginaw.      It  has  a  brewery, 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  cheese,  aii 
butter.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1815. 

Frankenstein,  frink'§n-stine\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Breslan.  Pop.  7330.  It  ha« 
Roman  Catholic  and  Lutheran  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Frankenthal,  frink'?n-tir,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 20  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Speyer,  and  connected 
with  the  Rhine  by  a  canal  6  miles  in  'ength.  Pop.  7021. 
It  is  regularly  built,  and  the  inhabitante  are  industrious. 

Frankentrost,  Michigan.    See  Trostville. 

Frankenwald,  frink'§n-^ilt\  a  small  chain  of  moun- 
tains in  the  N.E.  of  Bavaria,  between  the  Main  and  the 
Saale,  uniting  in  the  Fichtelberg  with  the  Thiiringerwald. 

Frank'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  8  mile* 
N.E.  of  Birr.     Pop.  664. 

Frank'ford,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,^W  j 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dover,  on  the  Breakwater  &  Prankftfi  ' 
Railroad.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  wooden 
butter-dishes  and  berry-  and  peach-baskets,  and  ships  much 
corn  and  timber.     Pop.  in  1890,  519. 

Frankford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Frankford  township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
about  26  miles  E.  of  Austin.     Pop.  of  the  township,  539. 

Frankford,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Pike  co.,  Mo., 
in  Peno  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal,  &  Keoknk 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  662. 

Frankford,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  17''*" 

Frankford,  Lucas  co.,  0.    See  Java. 

Frankford,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  is  on  Taconj 


FRA 


1213 


FRA 


Creek,  nnd  on  the  New  York  division  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  9  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station,  and 
about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall.  It  is  in  the 
23d  ward  of  the  city.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  extensive  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  carpets, 
flour,  hosiery,  iron-ware,  machinery,  Ac,  steel-works,  and 
dye-works.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  United  States  arsenal,  and 
of  an  insane  asylum  under  the  direction  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  It  contains  15  churches  (2  Baptist,  1  Catholic,  1 
Congregational,  2  Episcopal,  2  Friends',  5  Methodist,  1 
Sweden borgian,  and  1  United  Presbyterian).  Frankford 
PoBt-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Post-Office. 

Frankford,  a  post-village  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Ronceverte,  and  10  miles  N.  of  the  White 
Solphur  Springs.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Frankford,  or  Cole's  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Hast- 
ings CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Trent,  8  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  good  water-power  from  Cole's  Creek  (which  here 
empties  into  the  Trent),  2  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  a  dis- 
tillery, 3  churches,  8  or  9  stores,  and  manufactories  of  iron 
I  ewtings,  mill-machinery,  woollens,  leather,  paper,  wooden- 
BHk,  Ac.     Pop.  900. 

H^rrankford  Creek,  Pa.    See  Tacony  Creek. 
^P^Prankfort  (frank'fiirt)  on  the  Main  (Ger.  Frankfurt- 
1  tim-Main,  frink'f5SRt-im-min ;  Fr.  Franc/ort,  fr6Nk^foK' ; 
L.  Franco/or' turn  ad  Mce'num,  or   Trajec'tum  Franco'rum, 
i.«.,  the  "  passage  of  the  Franks"),  the  most  ancient,  the 
]  aost  eminent,  and,  from  its  associations,  the  most  interest- 
j  ng  of  the  old  free  cities  of  Germany,  now  in  the  province 
)f  Hesse-Nassau,  Prussia,  having  lost  its  autonomy  through 
.siding  with  Austria  in  the  war  of  1866.    Originally  a  Roman 
itetion,  Frankfort  did  not  attract  much  attention  till  the 
;ime  of  Charlemagne,  who  had  a  favorite  palace  and  held  a 
council  here  in  793,  and  subsequent  emperors  made  it  the 
i  eat  of  their  court,  granting  it  important  privileges.    Thus, 
D  1257  it  was  made  a  free  city ;  after  the  days  of  Barba- 
;  ossa  it  became  the  place  of  election  for  the  German  empe- 
lora,  and  in  1356  Charles  IV.,  by  a  charter  known  as  the 
ih>lden  Bull,  still  preserved  in  its  archives,  transformed  this 
'  <  ostom  into  a  right.     It  had  a  long  career  of  almost  unin- 
termpted  prosperity  till  the  French  revolution  brought  it  a 
teries  of  disasters  at  the  close  of  the  last  and  beginning  of 
the  present  century.     But  Napoleon  I.  befriended  it,  and 
iiade  it  the  capital  first  of  a  principality  and  then  of  a 
{rand  duchy.    Upon  his  downfall  it  regained  its  independ- 
ence, and  the  Congress  of  Vienna  (1816)  restored  it  to  its  pre- 
osdenoy  among  the  free  towns,  and  made  it  the  seat  of  the 
Crerman  Diet,  in  which  Frankfort  had  an  independent  vote. 
Frankfort  is   situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main, 
■lilt.  50°  6'  N.,  Ion.  8°  40'  E.     A  large  and  fine  suburb, 
Sachsenhausen,  stands  on  the  left  bank,  to  which  Frankfort 
proper  is  joined  by  several  bridges.     The  environs  are 
vary  beautiful,  being  studded  with  many  stately  mansions 
Md  elegant  villas.     The  city  proper  is  entered  by  seven 
/  jites,  two  of  which,  the  Gallus  Thor  and  the  Eisenhammer 
Fbor,  have  been  preserved  in  their  old  form.     Two  addi- 
tional gates  give  admission  into  Sachsenhausen.     The  old 
ramparts  have  been  levelled  and  the  ditches  filled,  and  the 
ipaoe  thus  gained  transformed  into  charming  promenades, 
where  splendid  residences  and  resorts  of  amusement  alter- 
nate with  rural  surroundings.     Like  most  ancient  cities 
which  continue  to  flourish,  Frankfort  divides  into  two  por- 
tions,— the  old  town  and  the  new  town.     The  former  oon- 
ii3ts  mainly  of  a  congeries  of  old  and  narrow  streets  with 
ligh-gabled  projecting  houses,  many  of  wood,  interesting 
'  m  account  of  both  their  antiquity  and  their  quaintness. 
Even  in  this  portion  the  Zeil  has  grown  into  a  fine  spa- 
jiouB  street,  forming  the  principal  thoroughfare  of  the  city. 
The  famous  Juden-Strasse,  "  Jews'  street,"  which  used  to  be 
'nmished  with  two  gates,  one  at  either  end,  locked  up  at 
light  so  as  to  enclose  the  indwellers,  has  now  lost  its  char- 
Mrteristics,  the  gates  having  been  levelled  in  the  time  of  the 
French  occupation  in  1806.     The  streets  of  the  new  town 
ire  wide  and  handsome.     Fronting  the  quay  in  this  por- 
lon  is  a  range  of  magnificent  houses,  well  deserving  the 
lame  of  palaces,  and  occupied  chiefly  by  bankers  and  other 
ioh  merchants,  and  till  1866  by  diplomatists.     The  city 
lontains  many  squares,  some  with  fine  fountains.     Among 
hese  may  be  noted  the  Rossmarkt,  with  the   monument 
•f  Gutenberg,  the  inventor  of  printing,  and  the  Gotheplatz, 
nth  the  statue  of  Goethe,  who  was  a  native  of  this  city, 
^inong  its  public  buildings  are  the  guild  hall,  or  Romer, 
n  which  are  the   WaUzimmer,  or  hall  of  election,  where 
,  he  electors  met  to  nominate  a  new  emperor,  and  the  Kai- 
^  eraaal,  in  which  ho  gave  his  first  banquet.     The  ancient 
athedral  of  St.  Bartholomew,  a  Gothic  structure  begun  in 
238,  comprises  the  chapel  in  which  the  electors  accepted 


the  emperor  after  he  had  been  anointed  at  the  high  altar. 
In  all,  Frankfort  contains  12  churches,  6  of  which  are 
Protestant.  It  is  rich  in  collections  connected  with  litera- 
ture and  art,  as  libraries,  museums,  and  galleries,  as  well 
as  in  societies  designed  to  promote  them.  The  manufac- 
tures are  not  important,  and  are  chiefly  articles  of  virtil, 
jewelry,  tapestry,  wax-cloth,  carpets,  tobacco  and  snuff,  Ao. 
It  is  from  its  banking  transactions  that  Frankfort  de< 
rives  its  great  wealth,  it  being  still  the  banking-house  of 
Germany,  and  its  exchange  exercising  no  inconsiderable 
influence  on  the  houses  of  the  world.  Among  its  great 
financiers  may  be  cited  the  Rothschilds,  who  had  their 
origin  as  bankers  here,  and  still  maintain  the  parent  es- 
tablishment in  all  its  vigor.  Of  late  some  branches  of  ite 
trade  have  diminished,  Leipsic,  for  example,  having  largely 
superseded  it  in  the  book-trade.  From  its  central  situation 
in  relation  to  Germany,  it  is  a  leading  entrepftt  of  railways. 
Pop.  in  1875,  103,136;  in  1880,  136,819;  in  1890,  179,850. 

Frankfort  on  the  Oder  (Ger.  Frank/urt-an-der-Oder, 
frink'f66rt-in-dfir-o'd§r ;  L.  Francofur'tum  ad  O'deram  or 
Vi'adum),  a  city  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  and 
capital  of  a  government  of  the  same  name,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Oder,  and  on  the  railway  from  Berlin  to  Breslau, 
50  miles  E.  of  the  former  city,  and  in  lat.  50°  22'  N.,  Ion. 
14°  13'  24"  E.  Its  situation,  on  a  navigable  river  con- 
nected by  canals  with  both  the  Vistula  and  the  Elbe,  gives 
it  great  advantages,  and  from  an  early  period  made  it  a 
place  of  importance.  It  is  a  well-built,  fortified  town,  with 
three  suburbs,  one  of  which  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Oder  and  is  connected  with  the  rest  of  the  city  by  a  wooden 
bridge.  It  has  6  Protestant  churches,  of  which  St.  Mary's, 
founded  in  the  thirteenth  century,  is  worthy  of  notice  for 
its  large  organ,  richly  gilt  wood-carvings,  and  fine  stained 
windows.  There  are,  besides,  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  a 
synagogue,  a  town  house  built  in  1617,  and  a  gymnasium. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  gloves,  mustard,  tobacco, 
sugar,  and  porcelain-ware,  as  well  as  considerable  distil- 
leries. Three  fairs  are  held  here  annually,  attended  by 
Poles  and  Silesians,  but  they  have  lost  much  of  their  im- 
portance. In  the  Thirty  Years'  War  Frankfort  suffered 
much  from  both  parties,  as  also  from  the  French  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  century.  Kunersdorf,  4^  miles  from 
Frankfort,  was  the  scene  of  a  great  battle,  fought  in  175'J. 
between  Frederick  the  Great  and  the  united  army  of  Aus- 
tria and  Russia,  in  which  the  advantage  lay  with  the  allies. 
Pop.  in  1875,  47,180;  in  1880,  51,147;  in  1890,  55,738. 

Frankfort,  a  government  of  Prussia,  forming  the  S.E. 
portion  of  the  province  of  Brandenburg.  Area,  7382  square 
miles.     Capital,  Frankfort  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  1,059,392. 

Frank'fort,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  free 
public  school.     Pop.  100. 

Frankfort,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Benton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
farm-implements. 

Frankfort,  or  Frankfort  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Will  CO.,  111.,  in  Frankfort  township,  on  the  Joliet  division 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Joliet. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Frankfort  Station.  Pop.  in  1890, 
431 ;  of  the  township,  1648. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Frankfort  A  Eokomo  Railroad,  36 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Logansport,  and  on  the  Lafayette,  Mun- 
cie  A  Bloomington  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  4 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  3  elevators,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  5919. 

Frankfort,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  887.     Its  post-office  is  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Red  Oak. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  78 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atchison,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Marys- 
ville.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  Bohooh  and  a  washing-machine  factory. 

Frankfort,  the  capital  of  Kentucky,  and  of  Franklin 
CO.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  on  the  Louisville, 
Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Lexington,  about  70  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  65 
miles  E.  of  Louisville.  Lat.  38°  14' N.;  Ion.  84°  44'  W. 
The  river  is  navigable  by  steamboats  below  and  above  this 
city^  It  flows  here  in  a  deep  channel  or  chasm  between 
steep  walls  of  Silurian  limestone,  and  presents  picturesque 
scenery.  Frankfort  contains  a  state  house,  built  of  Ken- 
tucky marble  quarried  in  the  vicinity,  the  govern  »r's  housa. 


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the  state  penitentiary,  a  court-house,  5  banks,  the  state 
library  of  7000  volumes,  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute,  6 
churches,  the  state  institution  for  feeble-minded  children,  7 
saw-mills,  5  distilleries  of  whiskey,  and  a  flour-mill.  Three 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  and  2  monthly  periodicals 
are  published  here.  Two  bridges  cross  the  river  at  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  7892. 

Frankiort,  a  post-village  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  Prank- 
fort  township,  on  Marsh  Stream,  1  mile  W.  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  15  miles  below  Bangor.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  and 
4  quarries  of  granite,  from  which  is  derived  the  principal 
business  of  the  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1099. 

Frankfort;  a  post-village  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  in  Crystal  Lake  township,  35  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  5  saw-mills, 
a  money-order  post-oflice,  a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  blast-furnace  for  iron.  Here  is  a  good  harbor.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1175. 

Frankfort,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  1148. 

Frankfort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  10  miles  above  Yankton,  S.D. 

Frankfort,  formerly  Flagg'town,  a  post-village  of 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Central 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Somerville,  and  41  miles  from  New  York.  It  has  a  man- 
ufactory of  drain-tiles. 

Frankfort,  a  post- village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany, 
and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  woollen-mill,  railroad  machine-shops,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  2291. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Paint  Creek,  1  mile  from  Frankfort  Station,  and  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cbillicothe.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  667. 

Frankfort  (Jerome  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Union  co., 
0.,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.,  about  10 
mile>  by  rail  £.  of  Redfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  <fcc.     Pop.  186. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
12  miles  S.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

Frankfort,  a  post-township  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chippewa  River,  about  12  miles  from  its  mouth.    Pop.  648. 

Frankfort  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Utica. 

Frankfort  Springs,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co.. 
Pa.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  180. 

Frankfort  Station,  Will  co.,  HI.    See  Frankfort. 

Frankfurt,  and  Frankfurth.    See  Frankfort. 

Frank  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Winona  co.,  Minn. 

Frank'iston,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  12  miles  E.  of  New  York, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Creedmoor. 

Frankland,  Quebec.    See  Warwick. 

Frank'land  Islands,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
lat.  17°  16'  S.,  Ion.  146°  E. 

Frank'lin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Big 
Bear  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Birmingham, 
Sheffield  <fc  Tennessee  River  Railway.  Capital,  Bel  Green. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8006;  in  1880,  9155  ;  in  1890,  10,681. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  672  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mulberry  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  portion  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  yellow  pine,  walnut, 
chestnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  has  extensive 
prairies.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is  bitumi- 
nous coal.  Its  central  portion  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  by 
the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Ozark,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9627;  in  1880,  14,951 ;  in  1890,  19,934. 

Franklin,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  intersected  by  the  Appalachicola 
River.  Area,  690  square  miles.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  The  Crooked  River  intersects 
it  in  the  East.  Capital,  Appalachicola.  Pop.  in  1870, 1256 ; 
in  1880,  1791;  in  1890,  3308. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  359  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Tugaloo  River,  and  is 


drained  by  the  head-streams  of  Broad  River.  The  surface  is 
uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  cotton,  grass,  and  Indian  corn.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Carnesville 
Pop.  in  1870,  7893 ;  in  1880,  11,453  ;  in  1890,  14,670. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Big 
Muddy  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  <t  Terre  Haute  Railroad. 
Capital,  Benton.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,652;  in  1880,  16,129; 
in  1890,  17,138. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Whitewater  River,  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  which  unite 
near  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly 
and  partly  level,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Silurian  (Tren- 
ton) limestone  underlies  this  county.  It  is  traversed  from 
the  S.E.  to  the  S.W.  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Brookville,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,223;  in  1880, 
20,092;  in  1890,  18,366. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Iowa  River, 
which  flows  through  the  S.W,  part,  and  by  the  West  Fork 
of  Cedar  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  Central 
Railroad  and  one  other  railroad.  Capital,  Hampton.  Pop. 
in  1870,4738;  in  1880,  10,249;  in  1890,  12,871. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Osage 
River  (or  Marais  des  Cygnes),  and  also  drained  by  Middle 
and  Pottawatomie  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which 
are  more  extensive  than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  bay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  and  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Ottawa.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,385 ; 
in  1880,  16,797;  in  1890,  20,279. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  bai 
an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  th< 
Kentucky  River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steambostts, 
and  also  drained  by  Elkhorn  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  The  Kentucky  River  in  this  part  of  its 
course  runs  in  a  chasm  several  hundred  feet  deep,  between 
vertical  or  steep  walls  of  limestone.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
abundance  of  Silurian  (Trenton)  limestone,  and  beds  of 
marble.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad  and  the  Kentucky  Midland  Railroad,  both  of 
which  communicate  with  Frankfort,  the  capital  of  the 
county  and  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,300 ;  in  1880, 18,699 ;  in  1890,  21,267. 

Franklin,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Tensas  River  (or  Macon  Bayou),  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Ouachita  River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  gum,  hickory,  oak. 
and  pine.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  stapleproducts.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans 
&  North  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Winnsborough.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5078;  in  1880,  6495;  in  1890,  6900.  ; 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Maine,  border- 
ing on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  1660  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Dead  and  Sandy  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly,  and  a 
large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Hay,  oats,  bot-  { 
ter,  potatoes,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  and  the  Sandy  River 
Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Farmington,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,807 ;  in  1880, 
18,180;  in  1890,  17,053.  • 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.W,  part  of  Massaohu- 
setts,  bordering  on  Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about^  Mo  "^ 
square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Deerfield,  Green,  and  Miller's  Rivers. ., 
The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  ati(s  ; 
forests.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Hay,  tobacco,  Indian  eot*"' 
lumber,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.   Among 
the  forest  trees  are  the  elm,  beech,  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  | 
ash.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  Eiver  ; 


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Railroad  and  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Greenfield,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Other 
railroads  also  traverse  it.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,635;  in  1880, 
36,001 ;  in  1890,  38,610. 

Franklin^  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  556  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Homochitto  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
uneven,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
pine  abounds.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville, 
New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Meadville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7498;  in  1880,  9729;  in  1890,  10,424. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  866  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  intersected  by  the  Maramec 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Bourbeuse  Creek.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  staples. 
This  county  has  mines  of  copper,  iron,  and  lead.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc 
Colorado  Railroad.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,098; 
in  1880,  26,534  ;  in  1890,  28,056. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
iulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces 
natural  pasture.  This  county  contains  extensive  prairies, 
ind  has  but  little  timber.  Capital,  Bloomington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  26;  in  1876,  1953:  in  1880,  5465;  in  1890,  7693. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  York, 
jordering  on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  1783  square 
niles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Saranac,  Salmon,  Racket,  and 
3t.  Regis  Rivers,  which  rise  witliin  it  and  flow  in  various 
lirections.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  numerous  small 
akes,  hills,  valleys,  and  mountains.  The  northern  part  is 
learly  level.  In  the  southern  part  of  the  county  stands 
Uount  Seward,  a  peak  of  the  Au  Sable  Mountains,  4384 
I'eet  high.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  pine,  cedar,  oak,  spruce,  and  sugar- 
maple  abound.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
]>asturage.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  hops,  lumber,  and 
laaple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Good  iron  ore  is 
loand  here.  Granite,  gneiss,  and  Potsdam  sandstone 
underlie  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
C'entral  Vermont  Railroad,  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the 
(Jhateaugay  Railroad,  and  the  North  Adiron  Railroad,  the 
f  rst  named  passing  through  Malone,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  .30,271;  in  1880,  32,390;  in  1890,  38,110. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
las  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Tar  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Moccasin  and  Sandy 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
ODunty  is  traversed  by  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  which  communicates  with,  and  terminates  at, 
Louisburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,134;  in  1880, 
20,829;  in  1890,  21,090. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  524  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Scioto  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Olentangy  River  and 
by  Darby  and  Walnut  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
land  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash, 
beech,  sugar-maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Numerous  railroads,  among  them  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, traverse  this  county  or  terminate  at  Columbus,  which 
is  the  capital  of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  The  Ohio 
Cfeiual  passes  through  the  S.E.  part.  Pop.  in  1870,  63,019; 
in  1880,  86,797 ;  in  1890,  124,087.  Corniferous  and  Hel- 
derberg  limestones  underlie  part  of  this  county. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Antietam,  Conococheague,  and  Con- 
edogwinit  Creeks,  which  rise  in  it.  A  ridge  called  Tus- 
carora  or  Cove  Mountain  extends  along  the  N.W.  border. 
Among  the  physical  features  of  this  county  are  Parnell's 
Knob,  a  picturesque  peak  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain,  and 
a  wide  and  very  fertile  valley  based  on  limestone.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
Jproducts.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  slate.  It 
^18  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  the  West- 
ern Maryland  Railroad,  and  the  Mount  Alto  Railroad,  all 
of  which  communicate  with  Chambersburg,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  45,365;  in  1880,  49,855;  in  1890,  51,433. 


Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Tennessee,  hat 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Elk 
River  and  other  small  affluents  of  the  Tennessee  River.  It 
comprises  part  of  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  high  hills  or  table-lands,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Marble  is  said  to  be  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which 
communicates  with  Winchester,  tha  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,970;  in  1880,  17,178;  in  1890,  18,929. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River, 
and  intersected  by  White  Oak  Bayou.  Area,  300  square 
miles.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn, 
&c.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  <fc  Southwestern 
Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1880,  5280 ; 
in  1890,  6481. 

Franklin,  a  northern  county  of  Vermont,  borders  on 
Canada.  Area,  about  639  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  is  intersected  by  the  Missis- 
quoi  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Lamoille  River.  The 
surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful 
scenery.  The  eastern  part  is  adjacent  to  the  Green  Moun- 
tains. A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  dairy-farming. 
Butter,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  cheese,  and  maple  sugar  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Vermont  Cen- 
tral Railroad  and  the  St.  Johnsbury  A  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  the  former  passing  through  St.  Albans,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,291;  in  1880,  30,225;  in 
1890,  29,755. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  760  sqnare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Staunton  River,  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge  of 
mountains,  and  is  intersected  by  Blackwater  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  k 
Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Rocky  Mount.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18j264;  in  1880,25,084;  in  1890,  24,985. 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Chatta- 
hoochee River,  nearly  opposite  Fort  Gaines,  Ga. 

Franklin,  a  station  in  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mont 
gomery  &  West  Point  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Izard  co..  Ark.,  on  Straw- 
berry Creek,  about  27  miles  N.  of  Batesville.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches. 

Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  about 
90  miles  N.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Franklin,  a  post-township  of  New  London  oo..  Conn., 
on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Norwich.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop.  731. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  about  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  or  semi- 
nary, and  a  newspaper  office. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on  the 
northern  boundary  of  Utah,  at  the  north  terminus  of  the 
Utah  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Logan.  It  has  a 
church,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  700. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1004 
It  contains  Kirkland. 

Franklin,  Lee  oo.,  111.    See  Franklin  Grotb. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  111.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  the  Jacksonville,  Northwestern  &  Southeastern 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  flour- 
mills  and  a  manufactory  of  jeans.     Pop.  of  township,  2057. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1243. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  793. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1471. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  contiguous 
to  Franklin  in  Floyd  oo.  Pop.  1402.  It  includes  Lanesvillu 
and  Breckonridge. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1316.     It  includes  Stilesville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1670. 
It  includes  Lewis ville. 

Franklin,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind,,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati  &,  Mar- 
tinsville Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis,  and  21  milet 
N.  of  Columbus.  It  is  the  seat  of  Franklin  College  (Bap- 
tist), which  was  organized  in  1872.    It  contains  2  nationai 


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FKA 


banks,  a  high  school,  7  churches,  and  3  flouring-mills.  One 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
In  1890,  3781 ;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1092. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1280.     It  contains  Beaver  Dam  and  Sevastopol. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2376. 
It  includes  Acton. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    P.  1683. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1512. 
It  .contains  Farmers'  Station,  Freedom,  &c. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tip- 
pecanoe River.     Pop.  226. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1266. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1637.     It  includes  Ridgeville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1961. 
It  contains  Milan,  Pierceville,  <fec. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1366.     It  contains  New  Philadelphia. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.  Pop.  1385.  It  includes  Bethel,  Whitewater,  and  a 
hamlet  called  Franklin,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Brookville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
846.     It  contains  Volney. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  line.  Pop.  851.  It  contains  Hibbsville  and 
Livingston. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  709. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  626. 
It  contains  Wiota. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  663. 
It  contains  Smyrna. 

Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Deoatur  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Cen- 
tre township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Leon.     It  has  a  church. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  about  56 
miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  605. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1448.     It  contains  Dodgeville  and  Franklin  Mills. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  the  south- 
westernmost  township  in  the  state.  Pop.  750,  exclusive  of 
Hamburg. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  395. 

Franklin,  or  Franklin  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Lee  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Burlington  &> 
Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Fort  Madison,  and 
31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  pub- 
lic school,  a  furniture-factory,  and  2  wagon-factories.  Pop. 
in  1890,  333 ;  of  the  township,  1457. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  997, 
exclusive  of  Mt.  Vernon  and  Lisbon. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  879. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  560, 
exclusive  of  Onawa. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  681. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  737. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  959. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.    P.  741. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.     P.  1474. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
665.     It  contains  Ferguson  and  Wellsville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
985,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Holton. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
296.     (Post-office  and  station,  Home.) 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Simpson  oo.,  Ky., 
on  Drake's  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  60  miles  N.  of 
Nashville.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  female  college,  a  male  seminary, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  tobacco-factory,  2  steam  flour-mills,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  1686 ;  in  1890,  2324. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Mary's  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Bayou  Teche,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Morgan  City, 
and  about  100  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  Large  steamboats 
can  ascend  the  bayou  to  this  place,  from  which  cotton,  sugar, 
and  oranges  are  exported.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  convent,  2  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash  and  blinds,  and  of  ice.     P.  in  1890,  2127. 

Franklin,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  at  the  head  or  N.  end  of  Frenchman's  Bay, 
20  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  36  miles  S.E.  oi  Bangor.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1042. 

Franklin,  a  plantation  in  Oxford  co..  Me.     Pop.  178. 

Franklin,  Maryland.     See  Franklin  City,  Virginia. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Norfolk 
fo.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  27 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Providence. 


It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-ba^k,  ai> 
academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  about  1200 ;  of  the 
township,  4831.  It  has  manufactures  of  straw  goods,  felt- 
ings,  shoddy,  and  rubber  shoes. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2687.     It  contains  the  Pewabic  copper-mines. 

Franklin,  a  station  in  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Mineral  Range  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Hancock.  Here  are 
rich  copper-mines  and  steam  stamping-mills. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.    P.  1405. 

Frjanklin,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  a 
branch  of  Rouge  River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit. 
It  a  saw-mill,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  2  churches,  and  a  tile- 
factory.     Pop,  about  300. 

Franklin,  a  post- village  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Morton.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1806. 

Franklin,  Franklin  co..  Mo.    See  Pacific. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1562. 

Franklin,  or  New  Franklin,  a  post-village  in 
Franklin  township,  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  opposite  to  Boonville,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
A  Texas  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Fayette.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  132  ;  of  the  township,  1741. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  556. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Winnepesaukee,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Bristol  Branch,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Concord.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  paper-mill,  and  (with  Franklin  Falls)  several 
woollen-mills,  which  make  flannel  and  hosiery.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  4085. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.  Pop.  2899. 
It  contains  Ridgewood  and  Oakland. 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Caldwell 
township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Montclair.  It  has  a  chapel,  2 
stores,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  (Paterson  A  Newark  Branch),  4  miles  N.  of 
Newark,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Paterson.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  high  school,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2188.  It  contains  Frankhnville,  Newfield,  New  Denmark, 
and  Forest  Grove. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1342,  exclusive  of  a  part  of  the  borough  of  Clinton.  It  in- 
cludes Quakertown,  Pittstown,  and  Cherryville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3912. 
It  contains  East  Millstone,  Weston,  Middleburg,  and  Grigg*- 
town. 

Franklin,  or  Franklin  Furnace,  a  post-village  in 
Hardiston  township,  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey 
Midland  Railroad,  and  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Newton,  and  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paterson.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches,  60  residences,  a  blast-furnace,  and 
mines  of  iron  and  zinc.  Pop.  about  800.  Here  is  found  a 
rare  mineral,  called  Franklinite,  which  is  a  valuable  ore  of 
iron,  and  contains  oxides  of  zinc  and  of  manganese.  Th« 
name  of  the  post-office  is  Franklin  Furnace. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Warren  co,  N.J.  Pop.  IBS" 
It  contains  Broadway  and  New  Village. 

Franklin,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton, 
and  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  contains  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  literary  institute,  a  newspaper  oflioe,  a 
tannery,  a  planing-mill,  a  creamery,  and  a  foundry.  Pop. 
681.  The  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad  touches 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3002- 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sara- 
nac.  It  has  iron-mines  and  important  lumber-manufactures. 
Pop.  1094.    It  contains  Alder  Brook,  Franklin  Falls,  <S;c. 

Franklin,  a  village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oriskany 
Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.W.  of  Utica,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Clinton.  Here 
is  an  iron-furnace.  Pop.  379.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Franklin  Iron- Works. 

Franklin,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  about  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Walhalla,  S.C.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  281. 

Franklin,  atownship  of  New  Hanover  CO.,  N.C.  P.  130' 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  IT-W- 


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1217 


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Franklin^  a  township  of  Surry  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  629. 


It 


It 


.     Pop.  847. 
Pop.  831.    It 
by  the  Great 

Pop.  1418.   It 

,    Pop.  1011. 
"  It 


Franklin,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  0.    Pop.  2172. 
eontains  Locust  Grove,  Lovett's,  Marble  Furnace,  &e. 
Franklin,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Stewartsvillb. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.   Pop.  1225, 
I  contains  Arnheim. 
i      Franklin,  a  township  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.     Pop.  3298. 

It  contains  Chilo,  Felicity,  Utopia,  and  Rural. 
[      Franklin,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.    Pop.  866. 
I  It  includes  the  village  of  Columbiana. 
j      Franklin,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.    Pop.  972. 
I  It  contains  Coalport  and  Franklin  Station,  and  has  mines 
I  of  bituminous  coal. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1366. 
I     Franklin,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  annexed  to 
I  the  city  of  Columbus  in  1872.     Pop.  2629. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  0.     Pop.  999. 
Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.     It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.   Here  is  Tappan  Post- 
Office.     Pop.  about  125;  of  the  township,  1153. 
I     Franklin,  a  township  of  Jackson  CO.,  0.    Pop.  1665 
I     Franklin,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0     ~ 
I     Franklin,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo.,  0. 
1  contains   Montezuma,   and  is  bounded  !N. 
i  lleservoir. 

I     Franklin,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0. 
contains  Stafford. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  0.  Popr3037, 
cjntains  Kent. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.    Pop.  943. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Liver  and  the  Ohio  Canal.     Pop.  1082. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Shelby  CO.,  0.  Pop.  839.  It 
jcmtains  Swander's  Crossing. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Summit  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1887. 
I  ( contains  Clinton,  and  has  mines  of  excellent  coal. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  998. 
I :  includes  Strasburg. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  War- 
ron  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  the  Miami  Canal,  and  the 
Cincinnati  division  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cincin- 
nvti  Railroad,  16  miles  below  Dayton,  and  40  miles  N.N.E. 
o"  Cincinnati.  It  contains  a  union  school,  8  churches,  2 
jnitional  banks,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  3  paper-mills,  a  flour- 
jiiig-mill,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds.  Pop.  in 
,li<90,  2729;  of  the  township,  4434. 

I  Franklin,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1302.  It 
flontains  the  village  of  Moorland. 

1  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  9  miles 
'8.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a 
aulphur  spring. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.   Pop.  2176.  It 
Bontains  Arendtsville. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  716. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  676. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  705. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1047. 
Ft  includes  Prospect. 

Franklin,  a  borough  of  Cambria  oo.,  Pa.,  about  36 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Altoona,  and  adjacent  to  Conemaugh. 
Pop.  in  1880,  734;  in  1890,  662. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1912, 
xelusive  of  the  borough  of  Weissport. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
aiid  line.     Pop.  922.     It  contains  Kemblesville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  bounded 
!^.  by  the  East  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.     Pop.  506. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa,    Pop.  994. 
Franklin,   a  township  of  Payette  co..   Pa.,  on  the 
Ifoughiogheny  River.     Pop.  1299.     It  contains  Flatwoods. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1600. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.    Pop. 
355.    It  has  iron-works  and  mines  of  iron  ore. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  644. 
t  contains  the  village  of  Orange. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  739. 
t  contains  the  village  of  Lairdsville. 
Franklin,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,   Pa.     Pop.  934, 
ixclusive  of  the  borough  of  Middleburg. 

J'*'*nklin,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
f49.  It  contains  the  hamlet  of  Upsonville. 
J  Franklin,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  is 
^itnated  on  the  Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  French 
-reek,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
I'ranklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Rail- 


road, about  65  miles  direct  (123  miles  by  railway)  N.  of 
Pittsburg,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Oil  City,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Meadville.  The  Jamestown  &  Franklin  Railroad  also  passes 
through  it.  Franklin  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
10  hotels,  a  national  bank,  4  other  banks,  4  oil-refineries, 
2  or  3  machine-shops,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  brush -factory. 
Its  growth  has  been  greatly  stimulated  by  the  trade  in  pe- 
troleum, which  is  procured  largely  in  the  vicinity.  One 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It 
occupies  the  site  of  the  French  Fort  Venango,  boilt  in  1753. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6221. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1654.     It  contains  Van  Buren,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.  Pop. 
1754.     It  contains  Murrysville  and  Manor  Dale. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williamson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Harpeth  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  & 
Great  Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville, 
and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia.  It  contains  13  churches, 
2  banks,  a  female  college,  a  male  academy,  2  flouring-mills, 
and  a  newspaper  offi<ie.  Here  occurred  a  bloody  battle 
between  the  Confederate  forces  under  General  Hood  and  the 
Union  forces  under  General  Schofield,  November  30,  1864, 
in  which  the  former  were  defeated.     Pop.  (1890)  2250. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex., 
67  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Palestine.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  Ac.     Pop.  665. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Albans.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Franklin,  Accomack  co.,  Va.     See  Franklin  City. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
Blackwater  River,  and  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  2  academies,  iron-  and  metal- 
works,  and  lumber-mills.  Steamboats  ply  between  this 
place  and  Plymouth,  N.C.     Pop.  in  1890,  875. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pendleton  co,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  about  135 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  250. 

Franklin,  Iowa  co..  Wis.    See  Highland. 

Franklin,  township,  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1473 

Franklin,  township,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1822 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  4  miles  W.  of  Oakwood  Station.  Here  i? 
Howard's  Prairie  Post-0fl5ce.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1823. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  932. 

Franklin,  a  post- village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  in 
Herman  township,  on  the  Sheboygan  River,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Sheboygan  City,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Manitowoc 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1341 

Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.N/W.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  2  stores, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Franklin,  or  Franklin  Centre  (also  called  Man- 
nin^ille),  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec,  16 
miles  W.  of  Hemmingford.     Pop.  300. 

Franklin  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  North  America, 
between  Port  Fitton  and  Cape  Parry,  is  intersected  by  th» 
meridian  of  126°  W. 

Franklin  Centre,  Lee  co.,  Iowa.    See  Franklin. 

Franklin  City,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Mass., 
in  Franklin  and  Norfolk  townships,  on  the  New  York  A 
New  England  Railroad  (City  Mills  Station),  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  felt  goods. 

Franklin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va., 
on  Chincoteague  Sound,  and  on  the  line  between  Maryland 
and  Virginia,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  railroad.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  th« 
oyster-business.     It  has  a  church. 

Franklin  College,  Georgia.    See  Athens. 

Franklin  College,  Ohio.    See  New  Athens. 

Franklin  College,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  David- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Franklin  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  18 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie. 

Franklin  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Darke  co.,  and  falls 
into  the  Miami  River  in  Butler  co. 

Franklin  Crossing,  post-office,  Rook  Island  co.,  HI. 

Frank'lindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  on 
Towanda  Creek,  3  miles  from  Greenwood,  and  40  miles  N.E 
of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Franklin  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimao  River,  and  on  th« 
Northern  Railroad,  J  of  a  mile  from  Franklin  Station.  It 
has  manufactures  of  flannel,  hosiery,  &a.  P.  in  1880,  1957. 


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Franklin  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Saranac  River,  about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Platts- 
burg.     It  has  a  hotel  and  2  stores. 

Franklin  Forge,  a  station  in  Blair  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Hollidaysburg  &  Williamsburg 
Branch),  11  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg. 

Franklin  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Franklin  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Bingham- 
ton,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Franklin  Furnace,  Sussex  oo.,  N.J.   See  Franklin. 

Franklin  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0., 
in  Green  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  14  miles  above 
Portsmouth.     It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  a  church. 

Franklin  Grove,  or  Franklin,  a  post- village  of  Lee 
CO.,  111.,  in  China  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroaii  (Franklin  Station),  88  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and 
10  miles  E.  of  Dixon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  grain-drill  factory,  and  a 
washing-machine  factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  736. 

Franklin  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Pierce  township,  on  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on 
the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Red  Oak.     It  has  3  churches. 

Franklin  Iron- Works,  New  York.    See  Franklin. 

Franklin  Island,  Maine,  belongs  to  Knox  co.,  and 
lies  on  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  of  St.  George's  River. 
It  has  on  its  northern  end  a  brick  light-house,  which  gives 
a  flashing  light,  in  lat.  43°  53'  31"  N.,  Ion.  69°  22'  10"  W. 

Franklin  Island,  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean.  Lat.  76° 
8'  S. ;  Ion.  168°  12'  E.     It  is  12  miles  long. 

Franklin  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific,  off  the  8. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  32°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  133°  35'  E. 

Franklin  Lake,  a  shallow  expanse  of  water  in  Elko 
CO.,  Nevada,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Eaat  Humboldt  Moun- 
tains, whose  snow -clad  peaks  feed  the  springs  which  supply 
the  lake.  It  has  no  outlet :  its  waters  are  slightly  brackish, 
and  in  them  the  tul6,  or  reed,  grows  abundantly. 

Franklin  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Latty  Station, 
and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Franklin  Mills,  a  former  name  of  Kent,  0. 

Franklin  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Hancock,  Md. 

Franklin,  Mt.     See  Mount  Franklin. 

Franklin  Park,  a  station  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of 
the  Eastern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Franklin  Park,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
2^  miles  from  Dean's  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Trenton.     It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  wagons. 

Franklin  Place,  a  post-oflBce  of  York  co.,  Va. 

Franklin's  Mill,  a  station  of  Pierce  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Sohlatterville. 

Franklin's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  E.  of  Flemingsburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist- 
mills, and  a  saw-mill. 

Franklin  Springs,  a  post-oflBce  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Franklin  Square,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
C,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Little  Beaver  River,  and  on 
the  Niles  &  New  Lisbon  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Leetonia, 
and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  shoes. 

Franklin's  Switch,  a  station  in  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Jasper  County  Coal  Company's  Railway,  4i  miles  from 
Monroe,  and  12^  miles  from  Newton. 

Franklin  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co., 
C,  on  the  Muskingum  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the 
railroad  between  Newark  and  Coshocton,  5  miles  S.  of  the 
latter.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Frank'linton,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Franklinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Bogue  Chitto  River,  about  66  miles  N. 
of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  ofBce. 

Franklinton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  haa  a  church. 

Franklinton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Franklinton  township,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  583. 

Franklinton,  a  former  village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Scioto  River,  opposite  Columbus.  It 
has  been  annexed  to  that  city. 

Frank'lintown,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in 
Franklin  township,  16  miles  S.S.W,  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.    P.  232. 


FrankMinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about 
30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Franklinville,  Essex  co.,  N.J.     See  Franklin. 

Franklinville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  township. 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  25  milet 
S.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Franklinville,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Franklinville  township,  on  Ischua  Creek,  and  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  free  academy,  a  public  school,  a  canning-factory,  a 
cheese-box  factory,  and  manufactures  of  caskets  and  burial 
cases.     Pop.  in  1890,  1021 ;  of  the  township,  2224. 

Franklinville,  a  post-village  in  Franklinville  town 
ship,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  on  Deep  River,  70  miles  W.  of 
Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  a  manufactory 
of  seamless  bags,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  1528. 

Franklinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
in  Franklin  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Spruce  Creek  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Frank  Pierce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Frankreich,  Frankryk  or  Frankrijk,  Frank- 
rige,  and  Frankrike.     See  France. 

Frank's,  Racine  co..  Wis.     See  Franksttlle. 

Frank's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Harford  Station. 

Frank's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Frank's  Island,  Louisiana,  is  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  by  the  N.E.  Paas.  Lat.  29°  8'  30"  N.; 
Ion.  89°  1'  24"  W. 

Frankstadt,  fr&nk'st&tt,  or  Frenstadt,  frSn'st&t,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prerau.     Pop.  5750. 

Franks'town,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Connells- 
ville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Frankstown,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Franks- 
town  township,  on  the  Frankstown  Branch  of  the  Juniata 
River,  and  on  the  Williamsburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hollidaysburg,  and  about 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  a  blast-furnace, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1553. 

Frankstown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  rises  near 
the  northern  boundary  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  runs  northwest- 
ward through  Blair  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Little  Juniata 
about  7  miles  above  Huntingdon. 

Franks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Caledonia  township, 
Racine  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  and  9  miles  W.N.V 
of  Racine.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  hotel.    Poi 
about  200, 

Frank'ton,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  Pipe 
Creek,  in  Pipe  Creek  township,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Gin 
cinnati  4  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anderson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery, 
and  window-glass-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  520. 

Frank'town,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  on 
Cherry  Creek,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Denver.     Pop.  250. 

Franktown,  a  post-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Reno,  and 
10  miles  N.  of  Carson  City.  It  has  a  church  and  2  store? 
Silver  is  found  here.     Pop.  271. 

Franktown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk,  and  1  mile  from  the  ocean. 

Frank'town,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Goodwood  Creek,  37  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Brockville. 
Pop.  200.  . 

Frank'ville,  a  post-village  in  Frankville  township, 
Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Decorab.  Il 
has  2  churches  and  about  40  houses.     Pop.  of  townshiji.  952. 

Frankville,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Piedmont,  W.  ^  a. 

Frankville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  on  Black 
River,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  Hat- 
field Station,  46  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Frank'ville,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  U 
miles  S.  of  Irish  Creek.     Pop.  200. 

Fransonia,  Illinois.    See  Franconia. 

Franzensbrunnen,  frints'^ns-brSSn^n^n,  Franz- 
ensbrunn,  frints'§ns-br56n^  ("Francis'  Spring"),  o 
Franzensbad,  frants'ens-baO  ("Francis'  Bath"),  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  with  batd 
establishments  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1506. 

Franz-Josef  (frints'yo'zSf)  Land,    a   designation 

comprehending  numerous  islands  and  a  supposed  maiuland 

(see  ZiCHY  Land)  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  N.  of  Nova  Zembia 

FrascarolO,  fris-ki-ro'lo  (L.  Friscariolum),  a  village 

of  Italy,  30  miles  N.  of  Novara,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1673 


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I  Frascati,  fris-kl'tee  (anc.  Tua'culum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
I  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rome.  It  comprises  a  modern 
j  cathedral,  with  monuments  to  Cardinal  York  and  his  brother 
I  Prince  Charles  Edward,  an  old  cathedral,  an  episcopal  pal- 
ace, formerly  a  fortress,  various  convents,  cnurches,  and 
fountains,  a  public  seminary,  and  many  fine  villas.  On  the 
j  crest  of  the  hill  near  by  are  the  remains  of  Tusculum,  the 
!  birthplace  of  Cato,  and  famous  as  the  residence  of  Cicero, 

Lucullus,  and  Maecenas.     Pop.  7045. 
'      Fraser,  fra'z^r,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co.,  Col. 
1      Fraser,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
I  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit. 
Fraser,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  167. 
Fraserburgh,  fra'z^r-bQrViih,  a  town  of   Scotland, 
CO.  and  37  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.     It  has  a  har- 
bor considered  one  of  the  best  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Scot- 
land, improved  at  a  large  expense,  great  herring-fisheries, 
and  exports  of  grain  and  dried  fish.     Here  is  a  once  noted 
mineral  spring.     Pop.  4268. 
Fra^serpet',  Fra^serpett',  or  Kooshalnnggur, 
I  koo'shal-nug'gur,  a  town  of  India,  in  Coorg,  presidency  and 

290  miles  W.  of  Madras,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Cauvery. 

'      Fraser  (fra'z§r)  River,  the  largest  river  of  British  Co- 

'  lumbia,  flows  through  that  province,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 

Georgia  near  lat.  49°  N.  and  Ion.  122°  40'  W.,  its  course 

being  nearly  parallel  with  the  Columbia.     The  main  branch 

takes  its  rise  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  53°  45'  N., 

ion.  118°  W.     A  few  miles  from  its  source  it  flows  into  a 

'  lake  some  miles  in  length,  called  Cow-Dung  Lake,  below 

I  which,  considerably  increased  by  a  tributary  from  the  N., 

it  enters  Moose  Lake,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  some  nine 

I  miles  in  length.     Thence  the  river  continues  rapidly  to  TSte 

I  Jaune's  Cache,  about  630  miles  from  the  sea,  the  limit  of 

I  sanoe  navigation  on  the  Fraser.     Between   TIte  Jaune's 

Cache  and  Fort  George  the  river  is  augmented  by  many 

;  tributaries,  two  of  which,  the  Mackenzie  Fork  and  Bear 

i  River,  are  of  considerable  magnitude.     At  Fort  George,  lat. 

I  53°  33'  N.,  Ion.  122°  45'  W.,  an  important  branch  falls  in 

I  from  the  westward,  proceeding  from  the  Lakes  Stuart  and 

I  Prater.     Quesnel's  River,  issuing  from  the  great  lake  of 

I  /he  same  name,  flows  in  100  miles  lower  down.     In  the 

i  nountainous  region  comprised  within  the  great  bend  which 

I  ;he  Fraser  makes  between  TSte  Jaune's  Cache  and  this 

joint  the  rich  gold  deposits  are  situated.     At  Lytton,  about 

,  ISO  miles  from  the  sea,  the  Fraser  is  joined  by  Thompson's 

River,  a  copious  tributary  from  the  eastward.     Yale,  at  the 

liead  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  Lower  Fraser,  is  57 

miles  lower  down,  and  New  Westminster,  the  former  capital 

of  the  mainland,  some  100  miles  below  it.     Between  Lytton 

land  Yale  the  Fraser  runs  through  some  of  the  grandest 

Ifcenery  in  the  world,  on  each  side  heavily-timbered  moun- 

I  (ains  rising  to  a  height  of  over  3000  feet.    The  Fraser  runs 

I  \Tith  a  swift  current,  and  the  steamers  employed  upon  it  are 

itmall,  with  powerful  engines.     Length,  over  1000  miles. 

Fraser's  (fra'z§rz)  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Pictou.     Pop.  250. 
Fraserville,  Quebec.    See  Riviere  du  Loup  en  bas. 
Frasnes,  fris'nSs  or  frin,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
iiaut,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  4100. 

Frassineto-d'Ivrea,  fris-se-na'to-dee-vri'i,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea.  Pop.  about  2000. 
Frassinetto,  or  Frassinetto-di-Po,  fris-se-nSt'- 
to-dee-po,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alessan- 
dria.    Pop.  2194. 

Frassino,  fr&s-see'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  1730. 

Frasso,  fris'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  4137. 

Frastanz,  fris'tints,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the 
111,  4  miles  from  Feldkirchen.     Pop.  944. 
Frat,  £1,  the  Turkish  name  of  the  Euphrates. 
Fratelli,  islands,  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Adelphi. 
Fratta,  frit'ti,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  13i 
miles  N.  of  Perugia,  on  the  Tiber.     Pop.  1302. 

Fratta,  or  La  Fratta,  14  frit'ti,  a  village  of  North 
Italy,  7  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  2727. 

Fratta  Maggiore,  frit'ti  mid-jo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
6  miles  N.  of  Naples.  Pop.  10,800.  Fratta  is  also  the 
nsune  of  a  stream  of  North  Italy,  tributary  to  the  Brenta. 

Fratte,  frit'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3381. 

(    Fratte,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  16 
J  miles  S.E.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  1224. 

^  Fraubrunn,  frSw'broon,  or  Frauenbruun,  frSw'- 
9n-broon^  (L.  Fons  Bea'tm  Vir'ginis,  "Fountain  of  the 
Blessod  Virgin"),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  10  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bern. 


Frauenburg,  fr5w'§n-b5CRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  41 
miles  S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Frische-Haff.  Pop.  2498. 
It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Here,  in  the  cathedral  of 
Ermeland,  is  the  tomb  of  Copernicus. 

Frauenfeld,  frSw'^n-ffilt*,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  i. 
Thurgau,  on  the  Murg,  21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Zurich.    K 
has  cotton-mills  and  dyeing-  and  print-works.     Pop.  2936. 

Frauenkirchen,  fr5w'§n-k5SR^K§n,  or  Boldog- 
Aszony,  boPdosh'-is^son',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Wieselburg,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neusiedl.     Pop.  2135. 

Franenmarkt,  fr6w'§n-maRKt\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Honth,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1400. 

Franenstein,  frSw'^n-stine^  a  town  of  Saxony,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Dresden.  It  has  a  castle,  a  silver-mine,  dye 
works,  and  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  1406. 

Fraustadt,  fr5w'stitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  proviifce  and 
50  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Posen.  It  has  a  Lutheran  and  3 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  college,  barracks,  an  orphan 
asylum,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen.    Pop.  6394. 

Fray  Bentos,  fri  ben'toce,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  on  the 
Uruguay  River,  50  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  extensive 
slaughter-houses,  and  a  large  trade  in  beef-extract  and  other 
cattle-products. 

Frayles,  or  Los  Frayles,  loce  fri'lis,  several  island 
groups  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Hayti. 

Frayn,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Frain. 

Frayser,  fra'z§r,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Fra'zee  City,  a  post-village  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Otter  Tail  River, 
207  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  2  hotels.     Elevation,  1409  feet. 

Fra'zer,  a  post- village  in  Fremont  township,  Buchanan 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  between  St.  Joseph  and  Plattsburg, 

15  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches. 
Frazer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Chester 

Valley,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
West  Chester  Branch,  24  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Frazer,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1295. 

Frazer  River.    See  Eraser  River. 

Frazeysburg,  fra'ziz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Zanes- 
ville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  planing-mill,  a  roller  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
drain-tiles,  bricks,  and  building-blocks.    Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Fra'zier*s  Bottom,  post-office,  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fra'ziersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  9 
miles  from  Abbeville  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Frechen,  fr^K'^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware. 
Pop.  3626. 

Frechenfeld,  frfiK'§n-ffilt%  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in 
the  Palatinate,  S.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1277. 

Frechilla,  fri-cheel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  21 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1591. 

Freckenhorst,  frSk'k^n-hoRst^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1551. 

Fredeburg,  fri'd§h-bS5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  872. 

Fred'eric,  or  Fred'ric,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad, 

16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  2  stores.  Coal  is 
mined  here  by  several  companies. 

Frederi'ca,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  Mur- 
derkill  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Dover.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  an  iron-foundry,  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements,  and  2  fruit-canning  establishments. 
Pop.  about  750. 

Frederica,  a  village  of  Glynn  oo.,  Ga.,  on  an  island  in 
the  Atlantic,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Brunswick. 

Frederica,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Frederica  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150;  of  the  township,  440. 

Fredericia,frM^9h-rish'e-4,  orFridericia,  fre-d^h- 
rish'e-4,  a  seaport  town  in  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Weile,  at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Little  Belt 
It  is  fortified.  It  contains  a  hospital  and  a  custom-bouse, 
and  has  some  shipping,  and  considerable  manufactures  of 
tobacco.     Pop.  7186. 

Fred'erick,  a  northern  county  of  Maryland,  bordering 
on  Pennsylvania,  bas  an  area  of  about  633  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Potomac  River,  is  intersected 
by  the  Monocacy,  and  also  drained  by  Catoctin  and  Linga- 
nore  Creeks.  The  South  Mountain,  a  continuation  of  th' 
Virginian  Blue  Ridge,  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  th 
county,  the  surface  of  which  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The  soi 
is  very  fertile.    Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  oats,  and 


FKE 


1220 


FRE 


pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  Catootin  range  of  moun- 
tains is  situated  in  this  county,  to  the  W.  of  Frederick,  and 
extend  from  the  S.  a  distance  of  nearly  20  miles  N.  It  has 
mines  of  copper  and  iron,  quarries  of  slate  and  abundance 
of  good  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Western  Mary- 
land Railroad  and  the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  market  by  the  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  Canal.  Capital,  Frederick.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,572 ; 
in  1880,  50,482;  in  1890,  49,512. 

Frederick)  the  most  northern  county  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  Opequan  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Back  and 
Cedar  Creeks.  This  county,  which  is  part  of  the  great  val- 
ley of  Virginia,  is  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery 
and  the  fertility  of  its  soil.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  aod  extensive  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone  underlies  a 
large  part  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Harper's 
Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  both  communica- 
ting with  Winchester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,596; 
in  1880,  17,553;  in  1890.  17,880. 

Frederick,  or  Fred'ericksville,  a  post-village  in 
Frederick  township,  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rook  Island  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Beardstown.  It  has  a 
steam  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  town  house,  and  a  boat- 
yard. Coal  is  mined  here.  The  name  of  its  post-oflBce  is 
Fredericksville.     Pop.  669 ;  of  the  township,  956. 

Frederick,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is 
situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  61  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of 
Baltimore,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 
It  is  on  the  Frederick  <fe  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  and 
is  connected  with  the  Baltimore*  &  Ohio  Railroad  by  a 
branch  3  miles  long.  It  has  wide,  straight  streets,  which 
cross  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  houses  are  mostly 
brick  or  stone.  This  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  plenty 
of  good  water  derived  from  a  reservoir  which  is  supplied  by 
mountain-springs.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  fine  city 
hall,  11  churches,  the  Frederick  College,  founded  in  1797, 
a  female  seminary,  an  establishment  of  Jesuits,  4  national 
banks,  2  state  banks,  and  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb,  founded  by  the  state.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Frederick  has  3  tanneries, 
2  foundries,  3  steam  manufactories  of  sash,  several  flouring- 
mills,  a  palmetto-fibre  factory,  and  manufactures  of  coaches, 
bricks,  iron,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  8193. 

Frederick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Mil- 
ton township,  on  Mahoning  River,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Canton. 

Frederick,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Frederick  township,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Schwenksville  Station 
of  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  and  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Norristown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  free  school,  a  creamery, 
a  tannery,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1850. 

Frederick,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of 
Aberdeen.  It  has  2  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  281. 

Frederick,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  2i 
miles  from  Cannelton  Station.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Fred'erick  Henry,  a  large  triangular  island  S.W.  of 
Papua,  and  divided  from  it  by  Marrianne  Strait,  a  deep  but 
narrow  channel.     It  is  said  to  be  nearly  as  large  as  Sicily. 

Frederick  Junction,  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Frederick,  and  58  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  Bruceville, 
Carroll  co.,  Md.,  is  sometimes  called  Frederick  Junction. 

Fredericksberg,  frfid'?r-iks-bfiRG\  Fredericks- 
borg,  frfid'9r-ik8-boRQ\  or  Hillerdd,  hil'lfh-rodS  a  vil- 
lage of  Denmark,  in  Seeland,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of; 
Copenhagen,  with  a  palace,  the  usual  summer  residence  of 
the  Danish  royal  family. 

Fred'ericksborgS  »  suburb  of  Copenhagen,  in  Den- 
mark.    Pop.  16,285. 

Fred'ericksborgS  »  citadel  of  Sweden,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Stockholm,  near  the  entrance  to  its  harbor. 

Fred'ericksburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Ind.,  on  Blue  River,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem,  and  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  spokes.     Pop.  in  1890,  211. 

Fredericksburg, a  post- village  of  Chickasaw  CO.,  Iowa, 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  wire- 
fencing.     Pop.  in  1890,  321. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Gasconade  River,  6  milei  from  its  mouth.     It  has  a  mill. 

Fredericksburg,  a  hamlet  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 


from  Richmond.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  New  Garden 
Post-Office. 

Fredericksburg,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  the 
township  of  Salem.     Pop.  64. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  lu 
Salt  Creek  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  A 
Columbus  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon,  and  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Wooster.  It  has  4  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  539. 

Fredericksburg,  a  village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  North 
Woodbury  township,  on  Clover  Creek,  2i  miles  from  Mar- 
tinsburg,  and  24  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a 
machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  coach-factory.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Clover  Creek. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa., 
in  Bethel  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  612. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gillespie 
CO.,  Tex.,  near  a  small  affluent  of  the  Colorado,  75  miles  W. 
of  Austin.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  Meth- 
odist college,  and  a  Catholic  seminary.     Pop.  (1890)  1532. 

Fredericksburg,  a  city  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  ia 
on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  on 
the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  in 
a  valley  enclosed  by  hills  of  considerable  height,  61  miles 
N.  of  Richmond,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.  The  city  contains  9  churches,  a  military  school,  a 
national  bank,  a  private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
plough-factory,  a  silk-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  engine- and  ma- 
chine-works, wind-millworks,  2  cigar- factories,  a  tannery, 
2  sumach-mills,  Ac.  The  river  afi"ords  great  water-power. 
The  tide  ascends  the  river  to  this  place.  The  Union  Gen- 
eral Burnside  here  attacked  the  Confederate  army  in  De- 
cember, 1862,  and  was  repulsed.     Pop.  in  1890,  4528. 

Fredericksburg,  Ontario.     See  Delhi. 

Frederickshaab,frfid'§r-iks-h4b\  a  portof  Greenland, 
on  its  W.  coast,  lat.  62°  N.,  Ion.  50°"W.,  with  an  excellent 
harbor. 

Frederickshald,  frid'^r-iks-hild',  or  Fredericks- 
hall,  frfid'^r-iks-hiir,  a  maritime  town  of  Norway,  on  a 
small  river,  near  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  Skager-Rack,  58 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Christiania.  Pop.  9219.  It  is 
famous  for  its  strong  fortress,  Frederiokstein,  at  the  siege 
of  which  Charles  XII.  of  Sweden  was  killed,  Dec.  11, 1718. 
The  town  is  singularly  picturesque,  and  has  an  active  trade 
in  timber  and  iron,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  tobacco. 

Fred'erick's  Hall,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.   It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Frederick's  Oord,  frSd'§r-ik8  oRd,  a  pauper  colony 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Steenwyk. 
Great  numbers  of  paupers  are  profitably  employed  here  by 
the  state  in  agricultural  occupations,  brick-making,  spin- 
ning, and  weaving. 

Fredericksstad,  frfid'§r-ik-stid\  or  Frederick- 
stadt,  fr4d'9r-ik-8t4tt\  a  fortified  town  of  Norway,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Glommen,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Christiania.  It 
has  an  arsenal,  a  harbor,  and  a  tobacco-factory.   Pop.  4828. 

Fredericksstadt.    See  Friedrichstadt. 

Frederickstadt,  frSdV-i^-stid^  or  Friedrichs- 
stadt,  freed'riKS-8t8,t\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on 
the  Duna,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Riga.     Pop.  3915. 

Fredericksted,  fr4d'9r-ik-stid\  orWest  End,  a  town 
of  the  Danish  island  of  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  West  Indies,  on 
its  W.  coast,  with  a  fort  and  a  good  roadstead.  It  was  nearly 
destroyed  bjr  the  insurgents  in  1878.     Pop.  3817. 

Fredericksvarn,  Fredericksvark,  Ac.   See  Fred- 

KRIKSVAERN,  FrEDERIKSVARK,  Ac. 

Fredericksville,  Illinois.    See  Frederick. 

Fred'ericksville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Fred'ericktown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  wn, 
Ky.,  on  Beech  River  or  Chaplin's  Fork,  about  46  milef 
S.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Fredericktown,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Madison 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  Little  St.  Francis  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  105  miles  S.  of  St 
Louis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  s 
brewery,  2  planing-mills,  a  railroad  repair-shop,  and  • 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  917. 

Fredericktown  (St.  Clair  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  St.  Clair  township,  7  miles  N.N.B.  of 
East  Liverpool.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery, 
2  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  80. 

Fredericktown,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  >n 
Wayne  township,  on  Vermon  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Bne 


i 


FRE 


1221 


FRE 


division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Mount  Vernon.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  union  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  847. 

FredericKtown,  a  hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  about  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Fi- 
delity Post-Office. 

Fredericktown,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo., 
Pa.,  in  East  Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Monongahela 
River,  about  37  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Fredericktown,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Wallace. 

Fred'ericton,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, capital  of  the  province,  and  of  the  county  of  York,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  60 
miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  John.  Lat.  45°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  81' 
80"  W.  The  public  buildings  comprise  the  Parliament 
buildings,  the  government  house,  city  hall,  court-house, 
exhibition  building  and  rink,  barracks,  and  university. 
Fredericton  is  the  seat  of  a  Church  of  England  bishop.  The 
cathedral,  a  handsome  edifice,  is  situated  at  the  lower  end 
of  the  town.  The  St.  John  River,  which  is  here  |  of  a 
mile  wide,  is  navigable  to  this  point,  84  miles  from  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  for  sea-going  vessels  of  120  tons.  Small  steamers 
ascend  65  miles  farther  to  Woodstock,  and  during  high 
water  to  the  Grand  Falls,  75  miles  above  Woodstock.  The 
streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  The  town  has  one  bank  and 
a  bank  agency,  1  semi-weekly  and  4  weekly  newspapers, 
a  reading-room,  several  hotels,  a  number  of  first-class  stores, 
and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  leather, 
boots  and  shoes,  wooden-ware,  Ac.  It  is  the  chief  terminus 
of  the  Fredericton  and  New  Brunswick  Railways.  Freder- 
icton was  originally  called  St.  Ann's.  It  was  founded  by  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  in  1786,  shortly  after  the  erection  of  New 
Brunswick  into  a  separate  province.     Pop.  (1891)  6502. 

Fredericton  Junction.    See  Blissville. 

Fred'ericville,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  at  Forest  Sta- 
tion, 102  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Frederikshamn,  frdd'Qr-iks-h&m\  or  Hamina,  h&- 
mee'ni,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Finland,  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Viborg.     Pop.  2606. 

Frederikshavn,  frfid'^r-iks-hSwn^  formerly  Flad- 
strand,  flS.d'strind,  the  most  N.  seaport  town  of  Den- 
nark,  in  Jutland,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aalborg,  on  the  Cat- 
egat.  Lat.  57°  27'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  33'  E.  It  is  a  railway 
I  erminus,  and  has  a  citadel,  light-house,  and  regular  com- 
munication with  Frederiksvaern.     Pop.  2133. 

Frederikssund,  frSd'§r-iks-soond\  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Seeland,  on  Roeskilde  Fiord,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Copenhagen.     Pop.  1308. 

Frederiksvaern,  or  Fredericksvaern,  fr8d'?r-iks- 
^■aiRn\  a  maritime  village  and  fortress  of  Norway,  stift  of 
ilggershuus,  7  miles  S.  of  Laurvig,  on  the  Skager-Rack.  It 
lias  a  harbor  and  dock-yard. 

Frederiksv^rk,  fr4d'§r-iks-vSRk\  or  Friedrichs- 
^rerk,  free'driKs-^lBk\  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  Ise- 
Fiord,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Copenhagen.  It  has  a  royal  resi- 
dence, a  cannon-foundry,  a  powder-mill,  and  copper-works. 

Fre'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Still- 
water township,  4  miles  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  wagon-shop. 

Fredo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  West  Point,  6a.,  and  about  85  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Montgomery.     It  has  3  churches. 

I  Fredonia,  a  station  of  Kent  oo.,  Del.,  on  the  Delaware 
j  Railroad,  about  54  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Fredonia,  a  village  of  Williamson  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
!  Carbondale  &  Shawneetown  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Car- 
1  bondale. 

I  Fredonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
I  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
I  church.     Pop.  about  75. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Louisa 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Iowa  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  123. 

Fredonia,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.   P.  278. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilson  oo.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Centre  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Humboldt, 
and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
(banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1890,  1516. 
j  Fredonia,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
Jmiles  E.N.E.  of  Paducah,  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Fredonia,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  964. 

Fredonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
•bout  28  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 


Fredonia,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  Miss. 

Fredonia,  a  handsome  post- village  of  Chautauqua  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Pomfret  township,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Val- 
ley &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk,  and  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Jamestown.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  1  other  bank,  a  state  normal  and  training 
school,  a  city  hall,  an  opera-house,  a  furnace,  several 
flouring-mills,  and  manufactories  of  carriages,  felt  boots, 
and  other  felt  goods.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3399. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  99. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Fair- 
view  township,  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Greenville,  and  6i  miles  N.  of  Mercer.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  &c. 

Fredonia,  or  Wau^beck'a,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  Fredonia  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River, 
and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  lumber,  ploughs,  pumps,  sash,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1916. 

Fredric,  a  post-office  of  Iowa.    See  Frederic. 

Free'born,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  bor- 
dering on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Shell  Rock  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by 
small  affluents  of  the  Mankato  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  groves,  and  nu 
merous  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
Indian  com,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  all 
of  which  pass  through  Albert  Lea,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,578;  in  1880,  16,069;  in  1890,  17,962. 

Freeborn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  a  little  lake  named  Free- 
born, about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  2  general 
stores.     Pop.  89  ;  of  the  township,  515. 

Freeborn,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1860. 

Free'burg,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Belleville.  It  has  4  churches,  4  public  schools,  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  848. 

Freebnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Freebnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Canton.  Near 
it  are  several  churches, 

Freebnrg,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Kreamer  Station,  and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Danville. 
It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  musical  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a  cigar-factory,  and  a  coach- 
shop.     Pop.  about  700. 

Free'dom,  a  township  of  Carroll  oo.,  111.    Pop.  811. 

Freedom,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  in  Free- 
dom township,  about  75  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  haa 

2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1262. 
Freedom,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  111.,  15  miles  S.  of 

Belleville.     Here  is  Hecker  Post-Office.   It  has  a  flour-mill, 

3  general  stores,  and  2  wagon-shops. 

Freedom,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  A  Viik- 
cennes  Railroad,  62  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Freedom,  a  hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Warren 
township,  8  miles  S.  of  Chariton. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  300. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1017.     It  contains  Glendale  and  Fort  Lincoln. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Kansas. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Republic  CO.,  Kansas.  Pop.  596. 

Freedom,  a  post- village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco  -factory. 

Freedom,  a  post- village  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Free- 
dom township,  3  miles  from  Thorndike  Station,  and  about 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  church,  a  woolleu- 
mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  716. 

Freedom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  4  milei 
N.  of  Sykesville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  CO.,  Mich.  P.  114S. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Waseca  oo.,  Minn.  Pop.  914. 
It  contains  Alma  City. 

Freedom,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Sedalia. 


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1222 


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Freedom,  a  township  of  Lafayette  cc,  Mo.    Pop.  2559. 

Fieedom,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Ossipee  Lake  and  Ossipee  River.  It 
haa  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, <fcc.     Pop.  737. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1341.     It  contains  Elton. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.  Pop.  812.  It 
contains  Freedom  Mills. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Freedom 
township,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township 
has  2  churches  and  4  cheese-factories.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 781.  Freedom  Station,  on  the  Atlantic  and  Great 
Western  Railroad,  is  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ravenna. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  traversed  by 
Portage  River.     Pop.  1089.     It  contains  New  Rochester. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.     Pop.  449. 

Freedom,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
right  or  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Port  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Pitts- 
burg, and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  bank,  5 
churches,  an  oil-refinery,  2  fire-brick-kilns,  a  boat-yard,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  704. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1020.  It 
contains  McKee's  Gap. 

Freedom,  a  village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in  Rockland 
township,  li  miles  from  Rockland  Station.   It  has  a  church. 

Freedom,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Appleton.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1581. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1057. 

Freedom  Centre,  a  post-office  of  La  Salle  co.,  111. 

Freedom  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in 
Freedom  township,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  church. 

Freedom  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  La  Grange  township,  2  miles  from  Billings  Station, 
which  is  20  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Freedom  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0., 
on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Ravenna. 

Free  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Jonesborough. 

Free'hold,  formerly  Monmouth  Court-House, 
a  post-village,  capital  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  and  on  the 
Freehold  A  Jamesburg  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  James- 
burg,  18.  miles  W.  of  Long  Branch,  and  25  miles  (direct) 
E.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  6  churches,  3  national  banks, 
the  Freehold  Institute  for  boys,  a  seminary  for  ladies,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  an  iron-foundry. 
Here  occurred  an  indecisive  battle,  called  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth Court-House,  between  Washington  and  the  British, 
June  28,  1778.     Pop.  in  1890,  2932. 

Freehold,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
fille  township,  on  Catskill  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of 
.A.lbany.     It  has  1  or  2  grist-mills,  a  nursery,  Ac. 

Freehold,  or  Wrights'ville,  a  post-village  of  War- 
ren CO.,  Pa.,  in  Freehold  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Corry.  It  has  a  church, 
A  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  stave-factory.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Freehold.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1316. 

Free'land,  a  post-office  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Colorado. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  111. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Bal- 
timore, and  near  the  Pennsylvania  line. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  at  the  vil- 
la^ of  Tittabawassee. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Mo. 

Freeland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

Freeland,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  16  miles 
by  railroad  N.W.  of  Penn  Haven.     Pop.  in  1880,  624. 

Freeland,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.     See  Collbgeville. 

Free'landville,  a  post-village  of  Enoz  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Widner  township,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  4 
shurches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Freel'ton,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  12 
-niles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  150. 

Freeman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Eansaa,  30  miles 
from  Sterling  Railroad  Station. 

Freeman,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Farmington.     Pop.  608. 

Freeman,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Iowa  line.     Pop.  811. 


Freeman,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  in  Dolan 
township,  on  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A 
Texas  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  157. 

Freeman,  a  post-village  of  Hutchinson  co.,  S.D., 
about  11  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Marion  Junction.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Freeman's,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C.    P.  1318. 

Free'mansburg,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Easton,  and  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bethlehem.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  toilet-soap  and  candle? 
Pop.  643. 

Freeman's  Landing,  a  village  of  Hancock  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Sloan's  Station,  Ohio 
It  has  a  church  and  3  manufactories  of  fire-bricks. 

Freeman's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Jamestown  Station. 

Freeman's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39° 
16'  32"  N.,  Ion.  105°  21'  45"  W.  It  is  4  miles  from  Vir- 
ginia Mountain,  and  has  an  altitude  of  10,600  feet. 

Freeman's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

Free'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milton  co.,  Ga.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Free'mantle,  or  Fre'mantle,  a  town  of  Western 
Australia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Swan  River,  12  miles  S.  of 
Perth.  Lat.  32°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  115°  40'  E.  It  has  a  convict 
prison  and  a  government  building.     Pop.  4000. 

Free'manton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co..  111., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  8  mile* 
W.S.W.  of  Effingham. 

Free  Negro  Bend.    See  Jefferson  Station,  La. 

Free'o,  or  Fre'co,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  co.,  Ark. 

Free'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Sacramento  City. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Choctawhatchee  Bay,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  about  75 
miles  E.  of  Pensacola.  It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  about  300. 

Freeport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Pecatonica  River,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  70 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dubuque,  35  miles  N.  of  Dixon,  and  121 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  at  the  W.  terminus  of  a 
division  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is 
28  miles  W.  of  Rockford.  It  contains  a  court-house,  15 
churches,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  a  high  school, 
Freeport  College  of  Commerce,  and  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware, cigars,  s<^a- water,  mustard,  windmills,  carriages,  and 
spring-wagons.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  8516;  in  1890,  10,189. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  in  Han- 
over township,  on  Blue  River,  2  miles  from  Morristown 
Station,  and  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  haa 
a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Upper  Iowa  River,  3  miles  E.  of  Decorah.  It  has  s 
church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  in  Freeport  township  (which  is 
on  Casco  Bay),  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  has  3 
churches.  Ship-building  is  the  most  important  business 
of  this  place,  and  it  has  several  vessels  employed  in  th» 
coasting-trade  and  fisheries.  Pop.  about  600  ;  of  the  town 
ship,  2457. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  in  Irving  township,  Barry  oo., 
Mich.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  1  or  2  churchee, 
a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hemp- 
stead township,  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.B 
of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Oysters 
and  fish  are  exported  from  this  place. 

Freeport,  an  incorporated   post-village   in   Freeport 
township,  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on  Stillwater  Creek,  about  45 
miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  & 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  672. 
Freeport,  Warren  co.,  0.    See  Oregon. 
Freeport,  a  village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Montgomery 
township,  2  miles  from  Bradner  Station,  which  is  24  mile« 
S.  of  Toledo.     It  has  3  churches.     The  name  of  its  po 
office  is  Prairie  Depot. 

Freeport,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in  a 
valley,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kiskiminetas,  and  at  the  mouth  of  BuffK' 
Creek.     It  is  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  t 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Pui 
burg,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Kittanning.     It  contains  lU 


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^horohes,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  ofSce, 

ja  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  manufactory 

iof  flannel.     Pop.  1640. 

j    Freeport,  Greene  co.,  Pa.    See  New  Freeport. 

!    Freeport,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va. 

'    Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington,  on 

the  Cowlitz  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  at 

'Wallace  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

'    Free'port,  a  post- village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 

Graad  River,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  100. 

j    Freeport,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Long  Island. 

Free^shade',  a  post-oflBce  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 
I    Free  Soil,  a  post-township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  about 

f5  miles  N.E.  of  Ludington.     Pop.  214. 
Free'stone,  a  county  in   the   N.E.  central  part  of 
{Texas,   has  an   area  of  about   870   square   miles.     It  is 
pounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Trinity  River,  and  is  drained  by 

i'ahuacano  Creek.     The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the 
oil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
taples.     The  Missouri,  Kansas  <k  Texas  Railway  traverses 
,be  N.  portion  of  the  county.     Capital,  Fairfield.     Pop.  in 
11870,8139;  in  1880,  14,921;  in  1890,  15,987. 
^  Freestone,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  66  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Fran- 
jiuco.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 
j  Freestone,  Scioto  co.,  0.     See  Bueka  Vista. 
(  Freestone,  a  post-oflSce  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
he  railroad  between  Alexandria  and  Fredericksburg. 
I  Free'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind,,  about 
?0  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

I  Freetown,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
•"leetown  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  45  miles 
S.  of  Boston,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fall  River.  The  town- 
jh  p  is  also  traversed  by  the  Taunton  &  New  Bedford  Rail- 
to  id,  and  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
jiies  of  guns  and  nails.     Pop-  of  the  township,  1417. 

Freetown,  a  township  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  866. 
'I  e  name  of  the  post-office  is  Freetown  Corners. 

Free'town,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
sland,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  150. 
Pree'town,  or   Saint   George,  a  town  of  West 
idea,  capital  of  the  British  colony  of  Sierra  Leone,  on  its 
7.  coast.     Lat.  8°  27'  N.;  Ion.  13°  14'  W.     It  is  enclosed 
II  dward  by  an  amphitheatre  of  mountains,  is  regularly 
"u  It,  mostly  of  wood,  and  has  various  schools,  government 
JGBces,  and  barracks,  a  theatre,  and  around  it  many  Euro- 
et.n  country-houses.     Pop.  (1891)  3033. 
Freetown  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co., 
'."!.,  40  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  125. 
li'ree  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co., 
y.,  4  miles  W.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 
Free  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  9 
liles  N.  of  Ivy  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 
Free'ville,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.T.,  in 
ryden  township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad  where 
crosses  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fc  Elmira  Railroad,  at  the  j  unc- 
oil of  the  Scipio  Branch  of  the  latter  road,  10  miles  N.E. 
'  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church,  a   cheese-factory,  a  grist- 
lill,  Ac. 

Free'water,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 
Free  Will,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 
Fregellae,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pontecobvo. 
Fregellae,  the  ancient  name  of  Ceprano. 
Fregenal  de  la  Sierra,  fri-ni-nil'  di  li  se-SR'ni, 
town  of  Spain,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  6948.     It 
18  tan-yards,  and  manufactories  of  linens  and  leather. 
Fregionaja,  fri-jo-ni'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles 
.  of  Lucca.     It  has  a  monastery,  founded  in  1107. 
Freiamt,  fri'imt,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  and  4  miles 
.  of  Emmendingen.     Pop.  2019. 

Freiberg,  or  Freyberg,  fri'bSRO,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
pital  of  its  mining  district,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden,  near 
e  Mulde,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  Pop.  27,038. 
is  enclosed  by  ancient  fortifications,  and  has  a  fine  cathe- 
al,  with  some  remarkable  monuments  and  works  of  art, 
I  orphan  asylum,  a  gymnasium,  burgher  school,  Ac,  and 
iteide  of  the  town  is  the  old  cathedral  of  Freudenstein. 
is  the  seat  of  the  administration  of  mines  and  foundries 
r  the  kingdom,  and  of  a  famous  mining  academy.  In 
e  vicinity  are  numerous  mines  of  silver,  copper,  lead, 
bait,  &c. ;  the  principal  is  the  HimmelsfUrst,  one  of  the 
ost  productive  silver-mines  in  Europe.  Freiberg  has 
JO  flourishing  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  lace,  wool- 
Ti  cloths  and  cassimeres,  and  some  extensive  breweries. 
«jFreibnrg,  or  Freyburg,  fri'bSSRo,  a  city  of  the 
and  duchy  of  Baden,  on  the  Treisam,  at  a  railway 
Jiction,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.,  including 


suburbs,  41,310.  It  is  well  built,  and  its  cathedral,  with 
a  spire  380  feet  in  height,  is  one  of  the  noblest  Gothic  edi- 
fices in  Germany.  The  other  principal  buildings  are  the 
grand  ducal  and  archbishop's  palaces,  3  hospitals,  custom- 
house, exchange,  &o.  The  university,  founded  about  1454, 
and  famous  as  a  school  of  Roman  Catholic  theology,  ha« 
about  375  students.  The  town  has  numerous  museums,  a 
botanic  garden,  a  gymnasium,  a  school  of  forest  economy, 
Herder's  Institute  of  Arts,  various  other  public  schools,  and  a 
library  of  250,000  volumes.  Its  chief  sources  of  prosperity 
are  its  university  and  other  public  establishments ;  but  it 
has  also  manufactures  of  bells,  chiccory,  chemicals,  leather, 
potash,  gunpowder,  and  paper. 

Freiburg,  fri  bS5RG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  36 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Breslau.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen  and  tobacco.     Pop.  7821. 

Freiburg,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Stade,  with  a  port  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2310. 

Freiburg,  fri'bSoRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Saxony,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2914. 

Freiburg,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.    See  FREYBUBe. 

Freiburg,  fri'burg,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 4^^  miles  N.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  100. 

Freiburg  in  Uechtland.     See  Freyburg. 

Freicho,  a  village  of  Portugal.    See  Freixo. 

Freidensburg,  Pennsylvania.     See  Friedensburg. 

Freienohl,  fri'§h-nor,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia.    Pop.  1100. 

Freiensern,  fri'^n-sfiRn^  a  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober- 
Hessen,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Hungen,  on  the  Seebach.     Pop.  721. 

Freienwalde,  fri'en-^alM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  40  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.  It  has  min- 
eral springs,  lignite-mines,  and  manufactures  of  alum  and 
glauber  salts.     Pop.  6011. 

Freienwalde,  or  Neu  (noi)  Freienwalde,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  32  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stettin.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cloths.     Pop.  2293. 

Freihan,  fri'hin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  38  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  521. 

Freiheit,  frl'hite,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Aupe, 
25  miles  B.N.E.  of  Gitschin.     Pop.  1167. 

Freinsheim,  frins'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  2107. 

Freising,  fri'zing,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Isar,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Munich.  It  has  breweries  and  to- 
bacco-factories, a  cathedral,  a  normal  school  and  priests' 
seminary,  and  the  see-house  of  the  Archbishop  of  Munich. 

Freistadt,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Freystadt. 

Freistadt,  or  Freystadt,  fri'stitt,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Silesia,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Glogau.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens.     Pop.  3833. 

Freistadt,  a  town  of  Western  Prussia,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  2564. 

Freistadt,  fri'statt,  a  post-office  of  Ozaukee  co..  Wis. 

Freiwaldau,  fri'^irdSw,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
40  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Troppau.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  cloth,  paper,  and  chemicals.     Pop.  5242. 

Freixo  (or  Freicno)  de  Numfto,  fri'sho  d4  noo. 
mSwiJo',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Viseu.    Pop.  776. 

Freixo  (or  Freicho)  d*£spada-a-Cinta,  fri'sho 
dfis-pi'di-i-seen'ti,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Mon- 
tes,  50  miles  S.  of  Braganza,  and  near  the  Douro.     P.  1935. 

rr6jU8,  fri^zhiice'  (anc.  Fo'rum  Ju'lium,  or  Fo'rum 
Ju'lii),  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Dragui- 
gnan.  It  has  a  cathedral,  episcopal  palace,  and  remains  of 
Roman  walls.  Fr6jus  is  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  rail- 
way between  Nice  and  Toulon.     Pop.  2791. 

Fre'lighsburg,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Missisquoi,  on  Pike  River,  near  the  Vermont  line, 
10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Armand.  It  contains  3  hotels,  6 
stores,  a  printing-office,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills  and 
factories.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  621. 

Frelinghuysen,  free'ling-hrz§n,  a  township  of  Warren 
CO.,  N.J.     Pop.  1113.     It  contains  Paulina,  Ac. 

Frels'burg,  a  post-viUage  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  about  68  miles  W.  of  Houston. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fremantle,  Australia.    See  Frebmantle. 

Fre^mont',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Colorado, 
has  an  area  estimated  at  1600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the 
Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  deep  canons  and  grand  mountain-scenery.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  The  highlands  produce  forests  of 
evergreen  trees,  among  which  are  several  species  of  fir  and 
pine.    A  mine  of  good  coal  or  lignite  has  been  opened  in 


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il 


this  county,  which  also  has  mines  of  copper  and  silver. 
Capital,  Canon  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1064;  in  1880,  4735: 
in  1S90,  9166. 

Fremont^  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Iowa,  bor- 
ders on  Missouri.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained 
by  the  East  and  West  Branches  of  the  Nishnabatoua  River, 
which  unite  near  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  & 
Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Burlihgton  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Sidney.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,174;  in  1880,  17,652;  in  1890,  16,842. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Lake  co..  111.    Pop.  1065. 

Fremont)  a  post-village  of  Steuben  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Fre- 
mont township,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw 
Railroad,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  672;  of  the  township  1372. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Benton  co.  Iowa.     Pop.  897. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  1042. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
766.     It  contains  Ward's  Corners  and  Winthrop. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  778. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  997. 
It  includes  Stanwood. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  727. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  827. 

Fremont,  a  to>mship  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  516. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa 
River.     Pop.  1186. 

Fremont,  a  post- village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in  Cedar 
township,  14  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     pop.  104U. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Minnesota  line.     Pop.  692.    It  contains  Plymouth  Rock. 

Fremont,  a  post-township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  near 
the  Neosho  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Emporia.     Pop.  1 148. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1176. 

Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1097. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1921. 
It  contains  Mayville. 

Fremont,  a  hamlet  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  about  6 
miles  W.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Fremont,  a  post-township  of  Winonaco.,  Minn.   P.  798. 

Fremont,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co..  Mo. 

Fremont,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Sioux  City  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha,  and  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Blair.  Elevation,  1176  feet.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 12  churches,  a  high  school,  4  banks,  and  3  superior 
brick  hotels.  Three  daily  newspapers  a-e  published  here. 
Fremont  is  an  important  market  for  grain,  and  has  2  grain- 
elevators,  a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of  ca'riages,  butter, 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  6747. 

Fremont,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Concord,  and  on  the  Nashua  &  Roches- 
ter Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Nashua.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  barrels,  carriages,  lumber,  mattresses, 
woven  wire,  and  spring  rocking-chairs.     Pop.  726. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1047. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Sullivan  c  ,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.  Pop.  2168.  It  contains  Fremont  Centre, 
Long  Eddy,  and  Hankins. 

Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Goldsborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  normal 
school,  a  coach-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  steam  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  400. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Cavalier  co.,  N.D.  Pop.  in 
1890,408.    . 

Fremopt,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  on 
Sandusky  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad  at  its 
junction  with  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Toledo,  88  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  about 
24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sandusky  City.  Steamboats  can  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place,  which  is  at  the  head  of  navigation. 
It  contains  9  or  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  private 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  13  public  school 
buildings,  a  Catholic  industrial  school,  large  carbon- 
works,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  bolt-  and  nut-machines, 
ehears,  carriages  and    carriage  hardware,  bricks,  paper. 


boilers,  shirts,  lime,  and  agricultural  implements.  It  ha 
3  bridges  across  the  Sandusky.  One  daily  and  4  weekl 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7141. 

Fremont,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  2 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Fremont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  8  mile 
W.S.W.  of  Union  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.     Pop.  104. 

Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  in  Pre 
mont  township,  and  on  the  navigable  Wolf  River,  about  2 
miles  N.AV.  of  Oshkosh,  2i  miles  from  Dale  Station.  1 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  aL 
several  stores.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  858. 

Fremont  Basin.    See  Great  Basin. 

Fremont  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  111. 

Fremont  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co. 
Mich.,  in  Dayton  and  Sheridan  townships,  on  Fremon 
Lake,  and  on  the  Big  Rapids  Branch  of  the  Chicago  i 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Muske 
gon,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Newaygo.  It  has  2  church« 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  lumber-mills,  a  flour 
mill,  a  tannery,  a  stave-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  900. 

Fremont  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 
in  Fremont  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hankins  Station,  am 
about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Honesdale,  Pa.  It  has  2  churohe 
and  a  brewery. 

Fremont  City,  a  village  of  Soott  township,  Fremon 
00.,  Iowa. 

Fremont  Peak,  Wyoming,  is  a  granitic  peak  of  thi 
Wind  River  Mountains,  near  lat.  43°  28' N.  Its  altitude  i 
13,576  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  was  named  in  bono: 
of  General  John  C.  Fremont,  who  first  explored  and  meas 
ared  it.  Its  sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  and  it 
summit  with  perpetual  snow. 

Fre'mont's  Or'chard,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co.,  Col 

Frenay-le-Vicomte,  France.    See  Fkesnay. 

French,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  824. 

French  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  oo. 
Montana. 

French  Broad,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

French  Broad  River  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge  in  the 
W.  part  of  North  Carolina,  runs  northward  through  Bun- 
combe and  Madison  cos.,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  Ten- 
nessee. It  flows  northwestward  to  Hamblen  co.,  where  it 
changes  its  course  to  the  southwest,  and  enters  the  Holston 
River  about  3  miles  above  the  city  of  Knoxville.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  250  miles.  It  presents  admirable 
scenery  where  it  passes  through  the  Smoky  Mountain,  ne 
the  Warm  Springs  of  North  Carolina. 

French'burg,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Menifee 
CO.,  Ky.,  about  54  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

French  Camp,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  oo.,  , 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Stockton. 

French  Camps,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  co.,  Mies., 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Kosciusko.     It  has  2  churches,  the  Fre^  ^ 
Camp  Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890, 2o7. 

French  Cochin  China.     See  Cochin  China.  i 

French  Cor^ral',  a  post-town  of  Nevada  co.,  Gallon  ^ 
Yuba  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Nevada.  It  has  gold-minei,  '^ 
the  annual  yield  of  which  is  $360,000.     Pop.  about  750. 

French  Creek,  South  Dakota,  rises  among  the  Black 
Hills,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Cheyenne  River. 
It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

French  Creek,  of  Chester  co.,  Pennsylvania,  drainsthe  ;. 
north  part  of  the  county,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enteri 
the  Schuylkill  River  at  Phoenixville. 

French   (or  Venan'go)   Creek,  of   Pennsylvac 
drains  part  of  Erie  co.,  runs  southward  through  the  midu 
of  Crawford  co.,  passes  Meadville,  and  finally  flows  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  at  Franklin,  in 
Venango  co.    It  is  nearly  140  miles  long.   Its  Indian  name 
is  Venango.     Petroleum  abounds  near  its  mouth. 

French  Creek,  a  township  of  Edwards  co.,  111.  P.  11?? 

French  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Allamakee  c 
Iowa,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Upper  Iowa  Rive 
Pop.  751. 

French  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie,  Pa.  It  is  the  south- 
westernmost  township  of  the  state,  and  is  drained  »y 
French  Creek,  which  rises  here.     Pop.  1049. 

French  Creek,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Phoenixville. 

French  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  ?<>:;• 
999.     It  contains  Milledgeville. 

French  Creek,  a  township  of  Venango  co.,  ra., 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  to  Bom« 


FRE 


1225 


FRE 


extent  contiguous  to  French  Creek  township  in  Mercer  co. 
Pop.  1330.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

French  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va., 
S8  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  an  academy. 

French  Creek  Church,  post-office,  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

French  Flanders,  France.    See  Flanders. 

French  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co.,  111. 

French  Guiana,  ghee^i'ni  (Fr.  Guyane  Fran^aige, 
ghee^in'  fr6N»^siz'),  a  French  colony  in  South  America,  the 
most  E.  division  of  Guiana,  its  coast-line  extending  from 
the  river  Marowyne  on  the  W.  to  the  river  Oyapok  on  the  E., 
which  separates  it  from  Brazil,  a  distance  in  a  straight  line 
of  about  200  miles ;  between  lat.  2°  and  6°  N.  and  Ion.  49° 
38'  and  54°  38'  W.  The  greatest  length  of  the  colony, 
from  N.  to  S.,  is  about  280  miles;  its  greatest  breadth, 
about  220  miles.  Area,  27,560  square  miles.  This  terri- 
tory much  resembles  British  Guiana  in  its  physical  features 
and  climate.  The  articles  of  export  are  gold,  coffee,  sugar, 
rum,  cabinet-woods,  annotto,  cacao,  cotton,  skins,  isinglass, 
india-rubber,  vanilla,  pepper,  cloves,  cinnamon,  nutmeg,  <fcc. 
The  coast  is  low,  consisting  of  a  flat  alluvial  tract,  of  great 
fertility,  in  some  places  marshy  and  covered  with  thick 
forests  of  mangroves.  The  highlands  in  the  interior,  the 
soil  consisting  of  clay  mixed  with  gold-bearing  granitic 
sand,  are  also  fertile ;  and  the  whole  country  is  exceedingly 
well  watered,  the  principal  streams  being  the  Mana,  Sinni- 
mari,  Ouya,  and  Approuague.  Of  late  nearly  every  other 
industry  has  been  superseded  by  that  of  gold-washing,  an 
occupation  which  has  proved  very  profitable. 

The  territory  includes  the  island  of  Cayenne,  on  which  is 
situated  Cayenne,  the  capital  of  the  colony.  The  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  governor,  assisted  by  a  privy  council 
and  colonial  council  elected  by  the  colonists. 
^"~  e  French  first  settled  in  Cayenne  in  the  year  1604.  In 
the  French  government,  with  the  view  of  improving 
Md  otherwise  increasing  the  importance  of  the  colony,  sent 
out  12,000  emigrants;  but,  no  arrangements  having  been 
made  for  their  reception  or  subsequent  disposal,  they  nearly 
all  perished  from  exposure  to  the  climate,  which  was  then 
extremely  insalubrious.  In  1809  the  colony  was  captured 
by  the  forces  of  the  British  and  Portuguese,  and  restored  to 
France  at  the  peace  of  Paris  in  1814.  This  colony  serves 
as  a  place  of  banishment  for  criminals  and  political  offend- 
ers.    Pop.  in  1883  (official  estimate),  25,157. 

French  Gulch,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of 
Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  church, 
and  3  quartz-mills  for  gold,  which  is  mined  here.  Pdp. 
about  300. 

French  Gulch,  a  post-village  or  mining-camp  of  Deer 
Lodge  CO.,  Montana,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Helena.  Gold 
b  found  here.     Pop.  155. 

French  Hay,  a  post-offioe  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

French  Island,  the  largest  island  off  the  coast  of  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  lies  in  the  landlocked  bay  called  Western 
Port.     Area,  about  110  square  miles. 

French  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Wright  oo.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Cokato  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  430. 

French  Lick,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind., 
about  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  The  French  Lick 
Springs  (saline  sulphur)  are  among  the  most  celebrated  in 
the  state,  and  are  much  visited  by  invalids.  They  are  9 
miles  S.  of  Georgia.  Here  are  2  churches,  a  district  school, 
and  a  large  hotel,  in  a  picturesque  valley.     Pop.  1868. 

French'man's  Bay,  Maine,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlan- 
tio  Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  about  30  miles  northward 
into  Hancock  co.  It  affords  good  harbors,  washes  the  east- 
em  shore  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  and  encloses  several 
lesser  islands. 

Frenchman's  Bay,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  21  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Toronto.  P.  100. 

French  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  li  miles 
from  Fassett.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

French  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
N.T.,  5  miles  N.  of  Glenn's  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

French  Park,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Ros- 
common, 16i  miles  S.W.  of  Leitrim.     Pop.  615. 

French  Port,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Ouachita  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Ouachita  River. 

French  Prairie,  pri'ree,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 
I  French  River,  of  Ontario,  flows  W.  from  Lake  Nipis- 
!  sing  into  the  Georgian  Bay,  which  it  enters  in  lat.  45°  53' 
1  N.,  Ion.  81°  5'  W.,  after  a  course  estimated  at  65  miles. 
!  It  is  noted  for  the  Joeauty  and  variety  of  its  scenery. 
^  French  River,  of  the  North-West  Territories,  joins 
the  estuary  of  the  Abbitibbi  and  Moose  Rivers  at  thq  S.W. 
•omer  of  James's  Bay,  lat.  61°  8'  N.,  Ion.  81°  W. 
78 


French  River,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  15  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

French's,  a  station  in  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.  See 
South  Branch  Depot. 

French's  Creek,  township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    P.  1176. 

French  Set'tlement,  a  post-village  of  Livingston 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Amite  River,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 
Orleans.  It  has  a  church,  a  mill  for  cypress  lumber,  and 
about  30  families. 

French  Shore,  a  portion  of  the  N.E.  and  W.  coasts 
of  Newfoundland,  upon  which,  by  various  treaties,  the 
French  have  the  right  of  fishing.  This  region,  being  re- 
garded as  neutralized  territory,  has  neither  law,  magis* 
trates,  nor  regular  mail  service.     Pop.  5387. 

French'ton,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

French'town,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Frenchtown,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Erie.  Pop.  2124.  It  contains  Pointe  aux  Peauz  and 
the  decayed  lake-port  of  Brest. 

Frenchtown,  a  post- village  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana, 
on  the  Missoula  or  Clarke's  River,  about  115  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Helena.     It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Frenchtown,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co..  Neb. 

Frenchtown,  a  post-borough  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  19  miles  below  Easton,  and  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  iron-foundry,  a  flour- 
mill,  3  spoke-factories,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     P.  1023. 

Frenchtown,  a  hamlet  in  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  &  New  York  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Towanda.  Here  is  Hornet's  Ferry  Post-Office.  This  region 
was  settled  by  French  refugees  about  the  year  1800. 

Frenchtown,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Mead 
township,  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Frenchtown,  a  village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Beaver  Meadow  Branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  church 
and  about  100  dwellings.  Coal  is  mined  here.  The  nearest 
post-office  is  Audenried. 

French  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 16  miles  W.  of  Burlingame. 

French  Village,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

French  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Franfois  oo.. 
Mo.,  about  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  churoh. 

French  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  28  miles  from  Chatham.  Pop.  100. 
See  also  Alexandria. 

French'ville,  a  post- village  or  settlement  of  Clearfield 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Covington  township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Look 
Haven.     It  has  a  church  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Frenchville,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Frenchville,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis. 

Frenes,  a  town  of  France.    See  Fresnes. 

Freneuse,  lake.  New  Brunswick.    See  Grand  Lake. 

Frenier,  fri^ne-i',  a  station  in  St.  John  Baptist  parish, 
La.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad^ 
and  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  24  milet 
W.N.W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Frenstadt,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Frankstadt. 

Frequentum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Frisento. 

Fresh'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  915. 

Fresh  Pond,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Boston.     It  is  near  a  pleasant  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Fresh  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.T.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  42  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn, 
Here  are  2  large  brick-yards.  See,  also.  East  Williams- 
burg. 

Fresh^wa'ter,  a  maritime  village  near  the  W.  end  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  IJ  miles  S.S.W.  of  Yarmouth.  Th« 
cliffs  of  Freshwater  Bay  are  perforated  by  caverns  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  light-house.     Pop.  of  parish,  2628. 

Fresh'water,  a  post-offioe  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles 
W.  of  Colusa. 

Fresh'water,  a  hamlet  on  the  N.  side  of  Conception 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  2  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  390. 

Fresnay,  fri^n4',  or  Fr^nay-le-Vicomte,  fri'ni'- 
l^h-vee^koNt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Mamers,  on  the  Sarthe.  Pop.  3010,  employed  in  manu- 
factures of  table  and  other  linens,  and  leather. 

Fresneda,  or  La  Fresneda,  1&  frds-n&'D&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  70  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Teruel,  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Alcaniz.     Pop.  1578. 

Fresnes,  a  town  of  France,  in   Nord,  at  a  railway 


FRE 


1226 


FBI 


junction,  5i  miles  N.  of  Valenciennes.  Pop.  5632.  It  has 
a  coal-mine,  glass-works,  distilleries,  Ac. 

Fresnes,  or  FrSnes^  frain,  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne, 
12  miles  N.  of  Domfront.     Pop.  2014. 

Fresnes-snr-Apance,  frain-siiH-i^pfiNss',  a  town  of 
France,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Langres.     Pop.  1106. 

FresnillOy  frfis-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Zacatecas.     It  has  silver-  and  copper-mines. 

Fres'no,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  California,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains.  Area,  8010  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin  River,  and  also  drained 
by  King's  and  Fresno  Rivers.  On  the  E.  border  of  this 
county  stand  Mount  Goddard  and  Mount  King,  each  about 
14,000  feet  high,  and  at  New  Idria  is  a  mine  of  cinnabar 
or  quicksilver.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fresno.  Pop,  in  1870,  6336; 
in  1880,  9478 ;  in  1890,  32,026. 

Fresno,  a  flourishing  city,  the  capital  of  Fresno  co., 
Cal.,  at  the  geographical  centre  of  the  state,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  210  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  9  churches,  6  banks,  an  excellent  system  of  public 
schools,  including  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber, flour,  and  carriages.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Fresno  is  situated  in  a  produc- 
tive grain-  and  fruit-growing  region,  in  the  San  Joaquin 
Valley,  and  is  especially  noted  for  the  raisin  product  of  its 
vicinity.  Over  $10,000,000  worth  of  fruits,  cereals,  and 
wool  are  received  and  shipped  here  in  favorable  seasons. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1112;  in  1890,  10,818. 

Fres'no  Flats,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  oo.,  Cal. 

Fresno  River,  California,  rises  near  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
runs  soathweslward,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin  River  in 
Fresno  co.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Fresnoy-le-Grand,  fri^nwi'-l^h-grftw*,  a  village  of 
France,  Aisne,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saint-Quentin.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cashmere  shawls  and  gauze.     P.  3894. 

Fresse,  frfiss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-SaOne,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  865. 

Fresse,  a  village  of  France,  in  Voeges,  12  milee  S.E. 
of  Remiremont.     Pop.  1200. 

Fr^taval,  friHiVll',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  on  the  Loire,  9  miles  N.E.  of  VendCme.     Pop.  979. 

Fr6tin,  fri^tiK"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  7  miles  from  Lille.     Pop.  2008. 

Fretum  Gallicnm,  the  Latin  for  Strait  of  Dover. 

Freuchie,  fru'Kee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  2 
miles  E.  of  Falkland.     Pop.  1196. 

Freudenberg,  froi'd^n-bfiRG^,  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Baden,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  1689. 

Frendenberg,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Saarburg.     Pop.  941. 

Frendenstadt,  froi'd^n-stitt^  a  town  of  "Wiirtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Murg,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  It 
has  manufactures  of  iron,  woollen  cloths,  white  lead,  and 
Prussian  blue.     Pop.  5325. 

Freudenthal,  froi'd^n-t&r,  a  walled  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jagerndorf.  It  has  a  large 
palace,  a  Piarist  college,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  and  woollen  cloths.     Pop.  6440. 

Freudenthal,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Besigheim.     Pop.  774. 

Fr6vent,  fr4-v6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
on  the  Canche,  21  miles  W.  of  Arraa.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linens,  woollens,  and  leather.     Pop.  3792. 

Frews'bnrg,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Conewango  Creek,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany 
Valley  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Jamestown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs,  staves  and  heading,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  570. 

Freyberg,  fri'bjRO  (Moravian,  Przihon,  pzhee'bon),  a 
town  of  Moravia,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olmutz.  It  has  a 
Piarist  college  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  4414. 

Freyberg,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Freiberg. 

Freyberg,  Auglaize  co.,  Ohio.    See  FRrBURG. 

Freybnrg,  a  city  of  Baden.    See  Freiburg. 

Freyburg,  fri'bSSRG,  Fribourg,  free^booR',  or  Frei- 
burg in  Uechtland,  frl'bSSRG  in  iiKt'lint,  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  canton  of  Freyburg,  on  the 
Saane,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bern.  Pop.  10,904.  It  is 
highly  picturesque,  is  enclosed  by  ancient  walla,  and  con- 
sists of  the  upper  or  French  town  and  the  lower  or  German 
town.  Freyburg  has  many  quaint  old  houses,  a  cathedral 
with  a  spire  280  feet  high  and  with  a  famous  organ,  a  Rath- 
haus,  a  college,  town  hall,  diocesan  school,  museum,  hos- 
pital, orphan  auylum,  workhouse,  prison,  public  baths, 
■everal  libraries,  and  medical,  natural  history,  and  anti- 


quarian societies,  with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths^ 
straw  hats,  hardware,  porcelain,  and  leather,  sugar-re- 
fineries, dye-houses,  and  a  considerable  annual  cattle-market. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  large  priests'  seminary. 

Freybnrg,  Freiburg,  or  Fribourg,  a  canton  of 
Switzerland,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  canton  of  Bern. 
Area,  565  square  miles.  Pop.  113,952,  mostly  Roman  Cath- 
olics. It  is  situated  mostly  in  the  basin  of  the  Aar,  and 
partly  in  that  of  the  Thiele  and  Lake  Neufch3,tel.  Surface 
hilly  in  the  S.  and  E.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  ramifications 
of  the  Bernese  Alps ;  culminating  points,  the  Dent  de  Bren- 
laire,  7723  feet;  Dent  de  Folligran,  7716  feet;  and  Mont 
Moleson,  6583  feet.  Principal  rivers,  the  Saane  and  the 
Broye.  The  greater  part  of  Lake  Morat  is  in  this  canton. 
Agriculture  is  the  chief  occupation  in  the  N.,  and  cattle- 
rearing  in  the  S,  districts.  Grain  is  grown  sufficient  for 
home  consumption,  and  dairy-husbandry  is  more  advanced 
than  in  any  other  canton,  French  is  the  prevalent  lan- 
guage, but  German  is  spoken  in  the  N,E.,  and  Romansch  in 
the  S.    Chief  towns,  Freyburg,  Romont,  and  Bulle. 

Freycinet  (fri'se-nfit^)  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  Shark 
Bay,  in  Western  Australia.     Lat.  26°  20'  S.;  Ion.  114°  E. 

Freycinet  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  in  Dangerous  Ar- 
chipelago.    Lat.  77°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  52'  W. 

Freycinet's  Peninsula,  of  Tasmania,  on  the  W, 
coast,  forming,  with  Sohouten's  Island,  the  E,  side  of  Oyster 
Bay,     Lat.  42°  18'  S. ;  Ion,  148°  20'  B. 

Freyenwalde.    See  Freienwalde. 

Frey-6e,  fri'S^h,  an  island  ofiF  the  W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, immediately  S.  of  Christiansund. 

Frey's  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co,,  N,Y,, 
in  Minden  township,  about  54  miles  W,N.W.  of  Albany. 

Freystadt,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Freistast, 

Freystadt,  or  Freistadt,  fri'st&tt,  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  18  miles  by  rail  N,N,E,  of  Lintz,  It  has  2  castles, 
a  Piarist  college,  and  a  high  school.    Pop.  2680. 

Freystadt,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Teschen.     Pop.  2661. 

Freystadtel,  frl'stit^t^l,  or  Freysztak,  frisHik',  a 
town  of  Hungary,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Waga, 
opposite  Leopoldstadt.     Pop.  6346. 

Freywaldau,  of  Austrian  Silesia.     See  Freiwaldau. 

Freywaldau,  frI'wirdSw,  a  village  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 49  miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1060, 

Friar  Islands,  near  Tasmania.    See  Borbel. 

Fri'ar's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co,,  W,  Va. 

Friar's  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coahomk 
CO,,  Miss,,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  below  Helena, 
Ark,,  and  about  70  miles  by  land  S,S,W,  of  Memphis,  Tenn, 
It  has  b  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  ootton-oil-mills, 
a  cooperage,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  750. 

Frias,  free'&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Burgos,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1073. 

Friaul,  a  district  of  Italy.    See  Fridu. 

Fribourg,  Switzerland,     See  Freyburg, 

Fri'burg,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  64. 

Fribuss,  free'b65ss,  Frilbis,  frii'bis,  or  Friipas, 
frii'pis,  called  also  Friebuss  and  Friihbuss,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  in  the  Erz-Qebirge,  84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  1322. 

Fricento,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Frigento. 

Frick,  frik,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
8  miles  N.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  940. 

Frickenhausen,  frik'^n-hfiw^z^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
in  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main,  S.E.  of  WUrzburg. 

Frick' s  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Fri'day  Har'bor,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Juan 
CO.,  Washington,  on  San  Juan  Island,  near  the  north  end 
of  Puget  Sound,  100  miles  N.  of  Seattle. 

Fridericia,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Fredericia. 

Frid'hem,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Minn. 

Friedau,  or  Fridau,  free'd5w,  a  village  of  Lower 
Austria,  6  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Polten.     Pop.  867. 

Friedberg,  freed'bSRG  or  freet'biRG,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  47  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  941. 

Friedberg,  freed'bfiRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  4  mile* 
E.S.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2400. 

Friedberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  W.S.W.  ot 
Budweis.     Pop.  920. 

Friedberg,  a  town  of  Hesse,  21  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Frankfort.     Pop.  4356. 

Friedberg,  a  town  of  Styria,  39  miles  N.E.  of  OnUi. 
Pop.  522. 

Friedberg,  or  Friedeberg,  free'd§h-bSRGS  a  towt 
of  Prussia,  Brandenburg,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort.     i« 
is  surrounded  by  lakes,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  woollen 
cloth-factories  and  tanneries.     Pop.  6804. 


FRI 


1227 


FRI 


•  Friedburgy  freed'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co., 
'S.C,  7  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
foundry,  <fco. 

Friedeberg,  or  Friedeberg-am-Qneiss,  free'- 
(Ifh-bdRG^-^m-kwiss,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  46  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.     Pop.  2496. 

Friedeberg,  or  O'ber  Friedeberg,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  19  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz.  Here,  in  1745,  the 
Austrians  were  defeated  by  Frederick  II. 

Friedeburg,  free'd9h-b65RG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aurioh.     Pop.  1014. 

Friedeck,  free'dSk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Ostrawitza.  It  has  a  large  cas- 
tle, a  pilgrimage  church,  mineral  baths,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  cloths.     Pop.  5170. 

Friedens,  free'd^nz,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
in  Somerset  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Somerset,  and  about 
22  miles  S.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Friedensan,  free'd^n-saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Thayer 
00.,  Neb.,  8  miles  from  Carleton.     It  has  a  church. 

Friedensburg,  free'denz-biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading.    Here  is  Oley  Post-Office. 

Friedensburg,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  Wayne  township,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Schuylkill  Haven, 
and  about  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pottsville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Friedensville,  free'd§nz-vil,  a  post- village  of  Lehigh 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Saucon  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Allen- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  rich  zinc-mine. 

Friedersdorf,  free'ders-doRf\  or  Friedersdorf- 
am- Queiss  {km  kwiss),  a  frontier  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gorlitz,  on  the  Queiss.    Pop.  1285. 

Friedersdorf-  an  -  der  •  Landskrone,  free'd^rs- 
doRf^-in-dSR-lints'kro-n§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Silesia,  W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  660. 

Friedewald,  free'dfh-'frilt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  24 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fulda.     Pop.  1255. 

FriedeAValde,  free'd^h-^ird^h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  105. 

Friedland,  freed'l&nt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  68  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  4482.  It  gave  the  title  of  duke 
to  Wallenstein. 

Friedland,  freed'land  or  freet'lint,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many,  in   Mecklenburg-Strelitz,    30   miles   N.E.   of  Neu- 
Strelitz.     It  has  manufactures  of  various  fabrics,  and  an 
I  active  trade  in  horses.     Pop.  5086. 

I     Fried! and,  a  town  of  Eastern  Prussia,  27  miles  S.E. 
1  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  .3296.     Here  the  French  defeated  the 
j  aUied  Russians  and  Prussians,  14th  of  June,  1807. 
I     Friedland,  freed'lint,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Os- 
I  trawitza,  44  miles  E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2135. 

Friedland,  a  town  of  Moravia,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of 
I  Olmutz,  in  a  valley  on  a  mountain-slope.     Pop.  900. 
'     Friedland,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  46  miles  S.W. 
'•at  Breslau.     Pop.  1164;  including  Alt  Friedland,  2059. 
I     Friedland  Markisch,  freed'l&nt  maR'kish,  a  town 
I  of  Prussia,  120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.  Pop.  2447. 
I     Friedland,  Prus'sian,  a  town  of  Prussia,  70  miles 
|W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  3487. 
1     Fried'line's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa., 
1 15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
jeaw-mill. 

1  Friedrichroda,  freed'riK-roM&,  a  town  of  Germany, 
jln  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Gotha.  Pop.  2845. 
;  Friedrichsfeld,  freed'riKs-f5lt\  a  village  on  the  Mayn- 
Neckar  Railway,  in  Baden,  between  Heidelberg  and  Laden- 
iburg.     Pop.  770. 

I  Friedrichsfelde,  freed'riKS-ffird§h,  a  village  of  Prus- 
|iia,  Brandenburg,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2107. 

Friedrichshafen,  freed'riKS-h&^f^n,  or  Buchhorn, 
b65K'hoRn,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Wiirtemberg  Railway,  on  Lake  Constance.     Pop.  2908. 

Friedrichshagen,  freed'riKs-hi^gh^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
isia,  in  Brandenburg,  circle  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  3471. 
I    Friedrichshamn,  Finland.    See  Prederikshamn. 
I    Friedrichshuld,  Prussia.    See  Billerbeck. 
I    Friedrichsruh,  freed'riK8-roo\  a  village  of  Germany, 
■in  Holstein,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  267. 
I    Friedrichsstadt,  Russia.    See  Frederickstadt. 
■    Friedrichstadt,  freed'riK-stAt*  (Danish,  Fredericks- 
*tadt,  frfid'er-ik-stitO),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  on 
the  Eider,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  2268. 

Friedrichsthal,  freed'riKs-tir,  a  town  of  Prussian 
.iSilesia,  15  miles  N.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  160. 
,    Friedrichsthal,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles 
by  rail   N.E.   of  Saarbriiok.     It   has   glass-works.     Pop. 
6002.  *^ 


Friedrichswerk,  Denmark.    See  Fbederikstark. 

Friedrickshall,  Norway.    See  Frederickshald. 

Friend,  or  Friend'ville,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  37  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspa- 
per ofSces,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  water-tanks, 
cigarsj  butter,  wagons,  <kc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1347. 

Friendlay,  frdnd'lS^  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co., 
Kansas. 

Friendly,  frdnd'l?  (or  Tonga,  ton'gd.)  Islands,  a 
collection  of  upwards  of  150  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
composing  the  Tonga  and  Feejee  groups  (which  see),  be- 
tween lat.  13°  and  25°  S.  and  Ion.  172°  W.  and  177°  E. 
They  were  discovered  by  Tasman  in  1643,  but  received 
their  collective  name  from  Cook.     See  Polynesia. 

Friends'  Creek,  township,  Macon  co.,  111.     P.  1638. 

Friend'ship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brown  township,  on  Laughery  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  100. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Bienville  parish.  La. 

Friendship,  a  post-township  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Rockland.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  a  hamlet  named  Friendship,  which  is  on  the 
sea-coast,  9  miles  S.  of  Waldoborough  Station.     Pop.  890. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Friendship,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Berlin. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Miss. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Friendship  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  86  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Belmont.  It  con- 
tains 5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  a  union  school, 
an  academy,  a  cheese-box  factory,  and  a  shoe-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1369;  of  the  township,  2216. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Friendship  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Greens- 
borough  and  Salem,  91  miles  W.N.W^.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1348. 

Friendship,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nile  township,  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Portsmouth.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Friendship,  township.  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1440. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Brownsville  to  Cairo,  22  miles  N.  of 
Brownsville.  It  has  4  churches,  the  Home  Institute,  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  oo.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Longview. 

Friendship,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  ft 
miles  from  Glade  Spring  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 

Friendship,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adams  oo..  Wis., 
in  Adams  township,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City, 
and  7  miles  E.  of  the  Wisconsin  River.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  325. 

Friendship,  a  township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis., 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Winnebago.     Pop.  1107. 

Friend'shipville,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 
*  Friends  Station,  a  village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  1 
mile  from  New  Market.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Friends'ville,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co..  111.,  in 
Friendsville  township,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Vinceanes, 
Ind.,  and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Carmel.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1216. 

Friendsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Burbank  Station,  and  about  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Friendsville,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Montrose.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  223. 

Friendsville,  a  post- village  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting,  the  Friends- 
ville Institute,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Friends'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis  &  vinoennes  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  Friend^'  meeting,  a  high  school, 
a  bank,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Friendville,  Nebraska.    See  Friend. 

Fri'erson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  parish,  La. 

Friesach,  free'z&K,  or  Frisches-Wasser,  frish'es- 
■fris's^r  (anc.  Virunum  f),  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia, 
23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Klagenfurth,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  148S. 


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Friesack)  free'zik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
S3  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  3481. 

Friesburg,  freez'biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Upper  AUowayB  Creek  township,  6i  miles  from  Daretown 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Friesenheim,  free'z^n-hlme^  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Baden,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  OflFenburg.     Pop.  2162. 

Friesenheimy  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate,  on  the 
Rhine,  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2528. 

Friesland,  freez'land,  or  Yriesland,  frees'lint  (Fr. 
Frlse,  freez ;  L.  Friaia),  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  N.E.  side  of  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Area,  1272  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  flat,  and,  being  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  its 
coasts  are  protected  by  dikes.  The  Frisian  language  is  here 
employed  to  some  extent.  The  Friesland  of  history  was 
much  larger  than  the  present  province.      Capital,  Leeu- 

warden.     Pop.  (1889)  335,558, Adj.  Frisian,  Friesian, 

freez'yan,  and  Fhiesic,  free'zik;  inhab.  Frieslander  or 
Frisian.    See  East  Friesland. 

Friesner,  freez'n^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
in  Falls  township,  on  the  Columbus  A  Hocking  Valley  Rail- 
road, i  miles  N.W.  of  Logan. 

Frie  oythe,  free'zoi-t§h,  a  town,  grand  duchy  and  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  1473. 

Frig'ate  Isle,  an  inhabited  island,  the  easternmost  of 
the  Seychelles.     Lat.  4°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  56°  E. 

Frigento,  fre-j4n'to,  or  Fricento,  fre-chfin'to  (anc. 
Frequen'tum  ?),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3335. 

Frigiliana,  fre-He-le-i'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  miles 
E.  of  Malaga,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3022. 

Frignano,  freen-yi'no  (Maqgiore,  m&d-jo'r&,  and 
MiNORE,  me-no'ri),  two  contiguous  villages  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  10  and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Caserta.     United  pop.  5169. 

FrincO)  frin'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria, 7  miles  N.  of  Asti,  on  the  Versa.     Pop.  1369. 

Frink'ville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas. 

Frio,  free'o,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
1010  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Rio  Frio,  and  drained 
by  Rio  Hondo,  Rio  Leona,  and  Flores  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  uncultivated,  but 
produces  pasture.  It  is  intersected  by  the  International  A 
Great  Northern  Railway,  which  passes  through  Pearsall,  the 
capital.     Pop,  in  1870,  309;  in  1880,  2130;  in  1890,  3112. 

Frio,  a  river  of  Texas.    See  Rio  Frio. 

Frio,  Cape,  a  promontory  of  Brazil.    See  Cape  Frio. 

Friocklieim,  free'ok-heem\  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Forfar,  6i  miles  N.W.  by  N.  of  Arbroath.     Pop.  1128. 

Frio  Town,  a  post-village  of  Frio  oo.,  Tex.,  on  Rio 
Frio,  65  miles  S.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  church,  a 
masonic  hall,  and  a  saddle-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Frisanco,  fre-sin'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  government  of 
Venice,  near  Friuli.     Pop.  3178. 

Fris'bee,a  station  in  McEean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  McKean 
A  Buffalo  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Smethport. 

Friscariolum,  an  ancient  name  of  Frascarolo. 

Frischau,  frish'5w,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
20  miles  E.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  950. 

Frischau,  or  Frissawa,  fris-si'^i,  a  village  of  Mo- 
ravia, 30  miles  from  Gross-Meseritsch.     Pop.  900. 

Frische-Haff,  frish'^h-hif  ("  Freshwater  Bay  or  La- 
goon"), an  extensive  lagoon  of  East  Prussia,  between  lat. 
54°  15'  and  54°  45'  N.,  Ion.  19°  15'  and  20°  25'  E.,  sepa- 
rated from  the  Baltic  by  the  Frische-Nehrung,  a  tongue  of* 
land  38  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  and  at  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  which  it  communicates  with  the  Baltic 
by  a  channel  i  mile  across.  Length  of  the  Haflf,  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.,  57  miles ;  average  breadth,  5  miles.  It  receives 
the  Pregel  and  Passarge  Rivers,  and  two  arms  of  the  Vis- 
tula at  its  delta.  The  towns  of  Pillau,  Fischhausen,  and 
Brandenburg  are  on  its  shores. 

Frisches- Wasser,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Friesach. 

Fris'co,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Beaver  oo., 
Utah,  150  miles  S.S.W.  of  York  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  smelting-furnaces  for  lead  and  silver,  and  3  stores.  Here 
is  a  valuable  mine,  called  the  "  Horn  silver-mine." 

Frise,  the  French  name  of  Friesland. 

Frisia,  the  Latin  name  of  Friesland. 

Fris'toe,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1401. 
Frith  of  Forth.    See  Firth  op  Forth. 

Fritzlar,  frits'laR,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau, 
J  6  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2964.  It  has  an  Ursuline 
convent. 

Fritz 'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  A  Columbia  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  church. 

Friulii   fre-oo'lee   (It.    pron.  free'oo-le;  Ger.    Friaul, 


free'Swl ;  anc.  Fo'rum  Ju'lii),  an  old  province  of  Northert 
Italy,  now  divided  between  Austria,  circle  of  GBritz,  and 
the  province  of  Udine,  in  Italy.  The  prevalent  language 
is  the  Friulian,  which  resembles  the  Romansch. 

Friz'elburg,  or  Friz'zlebnrg,  a  post-village  of 
Carroll  co.,  Md.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Westminster,  and  about 
36  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  161. 

Frizell's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Water  Mills. 

Frob'isher  Strait,  in  British  North  America,  between 
Hudson's  Strait  and  Northumberland  Inlet,  leading  from 
the  ocean  W.,  and  separating  the  districts  of  Metaincog  and 
Nita.  Length,  240  miles ;  medium  breadth,  30  miles.  It 
was  discovered  in  1576  by  Sir  Martin  Frobisher. 

Frod'sham,  a  town  of  England,  on  the  Mersey  and 
Weaver  Rivers,  co.  and  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chester. 
It  has  salt-works  and  cotton-manufactures.  The  town  has 
a  fine  old  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  graving-dock 
for  vessels.     Pop.  1014. 

Froelich,  fro'lik,  a  station  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  oe 
the  Eastern  Iowa  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Beulah. 

Froen,  fro'^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  oflF  its  W.  coast. 
Lat.  61°  47'  N, 

Froen,  a  village  of  Norway,  115  miles  N.W.  of  Chris- 
tiania,  on  the  Lougan.     Pop.  of  parish,  5000. 

Frog  Level,  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    See  Prosperity. 

Frog'more,  a  post-hamlet  of  Concordia  parish.  La.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Natchez,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Frog'more,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  7  miles  W.  of  Port  Credit.     Pop.  150. 

Frog  Fond,  a  post-office  of  Traill  co.,  Dakota. 

Frog'town,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Frohburg,  fro'bSoRG,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  mile: 
S.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2867. 

Frohna,  or  Fronah,  fro'na,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  1  mile  from  the  Mississippi  River,  and  60 
miles  E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  church,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  2  stores. 

Frohnleiten,  fron'li^t^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  Styria, 
14  miles  N.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  847. 

Frohsdorf,  fros'doRf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  or 
the  Leitha,  near  Wiener-Neustadt.     Pop.  539. 

Frohse,  fro's^h,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  6  mila 
S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe,     Pop.  1296. 

Frojen,  an  island  of  Norway.     See  Froten. 

Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  flows  pasj 
Frampton  and  Dorchester  into  Poole  Harbor. 

Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hereford,  an  affluent 
of  the  Lugg. 

Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  which, 
after  a  N.  course  of  20  miles,  flows  into  the  Avon. 

Frome,  or  Lower  Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co. 
of  Gloucester,  an  affluent  of  the  Avon, 

Frome,  or  Upper  Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  an  affluent  of  the  Severn. 

Frome,  or  Frome  Sel'wood,  a  borough  of  England, 
CO,  of  Somerset,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Bristol,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E.  and  N.E.  decliritj 
of  a  hill,  at  the  base  of  which  flows  the  river  Frome.  It 
has  1  British,  1  National,  4  Dissenters'  schools,  and  one  at- 
tached to  each  of  the  3  churches,  besides  a  number  of  pri- 
vate schools.  There  are  also  a  blue-coat  school,  in  which 
boys  are  clothed  and  educated,  a  charity  school  for  girls, 
and  a  flourishing  savings-bank.  Frome  has  been  long 
celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  woollen  cloths,  broad- 
cloths, cassimeres,  silk,  livery  cloths,  carriage-linings,  ale, 
and  hats.  The  environs  are  beautiful,  and  are  adorned  by 
numerous  handsome  mansions  and  villas.  Frome  returns 
a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  9613. 

Fromista,  fro-mees'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
20  miles  N.  of  Palencia.     Pop,  1389, 

Fronsac,  fr6N«^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on 
the  Dordogne,  opposite  Libourne,     Pop.  1517. 

Front,  fr6N»  (L.  Front),  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  S. 
of  Turin,  on  the  Amalone.     Pop.  1316. 

Fronteira,  fron-ti'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  12  miles  E.  of  Aviz.     Pop.  2195, 

Fron^enac',  a  post- village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Florence  township,  on  Lake  Pepin,  nearly  opposite  Maiden 
Rock,  Wis.,  and  near  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad  (Frontenac  Station),  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Red  Wing. 
Tourists  and  invalids  are  attracted  to  this  place  by  the  fin* 
scenery  and  facilities  for  bathing,  fishing,  Ac. 

Frontenac,  fronHe-nik'  (Fr.  pron.  fr6NoH§h-nJk'),  a 
county  of  Ontario,  bordering  upon  Lake  Ontario,  n&ar  itt 
outlet.  Area,  322  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  from  E.  tf 
W.  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  from  S.  to  N.  by  the 
Kingston  A  Pembroke  Railway,  and  contains  many  small 


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1229 


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.Iftkea  and  riTers.     The  Rideau  Canal  connects  Kingston, 
jthe  capital  of  this  county,  with  Ottawa.    Pop.  28,717. 
I    Fiontenay,  a  village  of  France.    See  Rohan-Rohan. 
I     Frontenay,   frds^H^h-ni',   a    village    of  Prance,    in 
[Deux-SSvres,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1376. 

Frontenhausen,  fron't^n-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, 52  miles  N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1343, 

Frontera,  or  La  Frontera  de  Tabasco,  1&  fron- 
ti'ri  d4  ti-b4a'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Tabasco,  and 
on  the  Tabasco  River,  3  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf 
lof  Mexico,  and  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Juan  Bautista  (Villa 
IHermosa),  of  which  it  is  the  port.  It  has  some  stone  dwell- 
ings, a  custom-house,  and  an  export  trade  in  logwood,  cacao, 
Itimber,  dye-woods,  and  drugs. 

I  Frontier,  fron-teer',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
(Nebraska,  is  drained  by  Little  Medicine  Creek.  The  sur- 
[face  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  timber.  Capital, 
Stockville.     Pop.  in  1880,  934;  in  1890,  8497. 

F^rontier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Hillsdale.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  2  stores. 

Frontier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canadian  frontier,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It 
has  a  carriage-shop  and  a  butter-factory. 

Frontignan,  friNoHeen^ftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
!B6rault,  on  the  sea- coast,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier. 
jIM.uscat  wine  and  salt  are  made  here.     Pop.  2910. 
;    Fronton,  friN^HiN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
JGaronne,  16  miles  N.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1402. 
I    Front  Range,  Colorado,  the  most  eastern  range  of  the 

£ocky  Mountains,  trends  nearly  N.  and  S.  along  the  line  of 
eridian  105°  W.     Its  highest  summits  are  Pike's  Peak 
i[U,147  feet),  Long's  Peak  (14,271  feet),  and  Mount  Evans 

]  4,330  feet). 
Front  Roy'al,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 

7  El.,  near  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  & 
[Danville  Railroad,  84  miles  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
ill  out  20  miles  S.  of  Winchester.     It  has  a  court-house,  2 
wnks,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  8  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
^tsam  tannery,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  tack-  and  nail-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1890,  868. 
I    Fro'sa,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex. 
'    Frosinone,  fro-se-no'ni    (ane.   Fnisino),  a   town  of 
Jtily,  on  the  Cosa,  an  aflSuent  of  the  Sacco,  48  miles  E.S.E. 
bf  Rome.     It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has  some  antiquities,  and  is 
che  seat  of  a  large  annual  fair.     Pop.  10,161. 
'    Frosolone,  fro-so-lo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
M  Campobasso,  11  miles  E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  5633. 

t'    Frossasco,  fros-sis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  N.  of 
inerolo,  on  the  Noso.     Pop.  1565. 
Frossay,  fros^si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
«ure,  on  the  Loire,  18  miles  W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  435. 
i    Frost,  a  post-village  in  Rome  township,  Athens  co.,  0., 
|)n  the  Hocking  River,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Short  Line  Railroad, 
;0  miles  E.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery, 
pop.  about  150. 
j  Frost,  Tennessee.     See  Martin. 

Frost,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  45 
uiles  N.W.  of  Millborough  Depot,  Va. 

Frost'burg,  a  post- village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  in  a 
nountainous  region,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Cumberland. 
[ts  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from  operations  in  coal, 
ivhich  is  extensively  mined  here.  It  has  2  newspaper 
)ffice8, 12  churches,  2  a  bank,  foundries,  and  a  manufactory 
)f  fire-bricks.     Pop.  in  1890,  3804. 

Frostburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  in  Perry 
ownship,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Frost's  Mills, a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  Similes 
rom  Staatsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
.  Frost's  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Greenville  <fc  Columbia 
lUilroad,  7  miles  from  Columbia,  S.C. 
Frost  Village,  a  post-village  in  Sheflford  co.,  Quebec, 
miles  from  Waterloo.     Pop.  150. 

Frouard,  froo-aR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et- 
loselle,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Nancy.     Pop.  2404. 
Froyen,  or  Frojen,  fro'y^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  off 
a  W.  coast,  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trondhjem,  separated 
•om  Hitteren  Island  by  Froy-Fiord.     Length,  20  miles. 
Fro'zen  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  W.  Va., 
0  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parkersburg. 
Frozen  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky. 
{  Fro'zen   Strait,  in   British   North  America,  is  be- 
Feen  Southampton  Island  and  Melville  Peninsula.     Lat. 
-'6°  N. :  Ion.  85°  W.     Average  breadth,  15  miles. 
'  ^'^^^iSj  or  Friihbuss,  Bohemia.     See  Fribuss. 
i  Frugarolo,  froo-ga-ro'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
kont,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2494. 


Fruges,  friizh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  35 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Arras.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  2186. 

Fruit  (friit)  Cove,  a  post-ofBce  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla. 

Fraita,  froo-ee'ta,  a  post-village  of  Mesa  co..  Col.,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  150. 

Fruit  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Fruit  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Fruit  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Fruit  Land,  a  post-bamlet  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Dallas  City.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Fruitland,  frut'Iand,  a  post-bamlet  of  Wicomico  oo., 
Md.,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fruitland,  a  hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Fruit- 
land  township,  about  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muskegon.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  580. 

Fruitport,  frQt'port,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort 
of  Muskegon  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  at  the  head  of  Spring  Lake,  near  an  inlet 
or  creek  which  opens  into  Lake  Michigan,  10  miles  S.  of 
Muskegon.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  2  hotels,  and 
a  mineral  spring.  Large  steamboats  come  from  Lake  Mich- 
igan to  this  place.     Pop.  about  750. 

Fruitport,  formerly  Lovell,  a  township  of  Muske- 
gon CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  in  1890,  1446. 

Fruit  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn. 

Fruitville,  frut'vil,  a  township  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  600. 

Fru^met',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
W.  of  De  Soto.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lead-furnace  or  lead- 
mine. 

Friipas,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Fribttss. 

Frusino,  the  ancient  name  of  Frosinone. 

Frutigen,  froo'te-ohSn,  a  flourishing  village  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  and  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3780. 

Fry'burg,  or  Freyburg,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan  Railroad,  about  30  miles 
N.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fryburg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  convent  of  Benedictine 
nuns,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general  stores 
Pop.  about  300. 

Fry'denland,  a  post-office  and  trading-post  of  Oconto 
CO.,  Wis.,  100  miles  from  Green  Bay  City. 

Fryeburg,  fri'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  lowt., 
on  the  Iowa  River,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Fryeburg,  a  post-village  in  Fryeburg  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  <fc 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  49  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  North  Conway.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  lumber-mills,  a  tannery,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  several  summer  boarding-houses.  Pop.  in  1890, 
495 ;  of  the  township,  1418. 

Fryeburg  Acaaemy  Grant,  a  tract  of  land  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  granted  by  legislature  to  the  Fryeburg 
Academy.     Pop.  38. 

Fryeburg  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co..  Me., 
about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Paris. 

Fry'er's  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Gki. 

Frye  (fry)  Village,  a  village  in  the  town  of  Andover, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  2  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.  It  is  on  the 
Shawsheen  River,  and  has  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  ot 
shoe-thread,  printers'  ink,  lamp-black,  &c.     P.  about  500. 

Fryken,  frii'k^n,  a  lake,  or  rather  chain  of  lakes,  in 
Sweden,  N.  of  Carlstad,  stretching  from  N.  to  S.  about  4( 
miles,  and  discharging  into  Lake  Wener  by  the  Nors. 

Fry's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  oo.. 
Pa.,  in  Delaware  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Dewart  Station. 

Frystone  Ferry,  England.    See  Ferry  Bridge. 

Fu,  a  Chinese  word  meaning  "  city."     See  Foo. 

Fubine,  foo-bee'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2833. 

Fu'ca,  or  Ju'an  de  Fn'ca  (Sp.  pron.  Hoo-in'  di 
foo'ki),  a  strait,  N.  of  Washington  Territory  and  S.  of 
Vancouver  Island,  leading  from  the  Pacific  into  the  Gulf 
of  Georgia,  and  forming  a  part  of  the  British  and  United 
States  boundary-line.     Lat.  of  entrance,  48°  10'  N. 

Fucecchio,  foo-chfik'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Arno,  23  miles  W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,716. 

Fucecchio,  a  lake  of  Italy,  province  of  Pisa,  is  about 
7  miles  long  by  3  miles  in  average  breadth,  ami  flows  by  a 
small  stream  S.W.  to  the  Arno. 

Fucine  (fu'sin)  Lake,  Lago  Fucino,  lll'go  foo- 
chee'no,  or  Celano,  chi-li'no  (anc.  Fuci'nm  La'ctu),  m 
former  lake  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  formerly  11  mile* 


FUD 


1230 


FUL 


long,  5  mile?  broad,  and  35  miles  in  circuit.  It  lies  2181 
feet  above  sea-level,  enclosed  on  the  N.E.,  E.,  and  S.E.  by 
the  Apennines,  S.  by  Mount  Salviano,  and  W.  by  the  Roman 
Bub-Apennines.  The  Emperor  Claudius  caused  a  tunnel  to 
be  cut  beneath  Salviano  for  the  purpose  of  discharging  the 
waters  of  the  lake  into  the  Garigliano.  This  work  has  been 
restored  and  completed  by  the  Prince  Torlonia,  and  the  lake 
is  now  nearly  dry.     It  has  no  natural  outlet. 

Fudgy's  (faj'iz)  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  oo., 
W.  Va.,  6  miles  S.  of  Milton  Railroad  Station. 

Fuego,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands.     See  FoGO. 

Fnegos,  fwi'goce  or  foo-i'goce  (i.e.,  "fires"),  one  of 
the  Philippine  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  30  miles 
N.  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  123°  30'  E.  Length,  20 
miles.     In  its  centre  is  a  volcanic  peak. 

Fuen-Abejuna,  Spain.     See  Fuente-Ovejuna. 

Fuencaliente,  fwSn*kfl,-le-4n'ti  or  foo-4n^ki-le-fin't4, 
•  town  of  Spain,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real. 

Fuen-Choo,  Fnen-Tchou,  or  Fnen-Choo- 
Foo,  fw5n^-choo^-foo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Shan- 
See,  on  the  Fuen-Ho,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Tai-Yuan. 

Fuengirola,  fwSn^ne-ro'lS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1409. 

Fuen-Ho,  fwfin^-ho',  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
Shan-See,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Hoang-Ho  in  lat.  35°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  110°  28'  E.  The  cities  of  Tai-Yuan,  Fuen-Choo, 
Ping-Yang,  and  Kiang  are  on  its  banks. 

Fuen-Labrada,  fwSn-li-bri'nS,,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  9  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2217. 

Fuen-Labrada-de-Ios-MonteS)  fwSn-li-bri'Di- 
di-loce-mon'tds,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  100  miles 
E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  1029, 

Fuen-Mayor,  fw4n-ml-y5R',  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles 
W.  of  Logroiio,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2128. 

Fuensalida,  fwSn-si-lee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2580. 

Fuensanta,  fwfin^sin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  58  miles  S.  of  Cuenoa.     Pop.  1477. 

Fuen-Tchou,  a  town  of  China.    See  Fuen-Choo. 

Fnente-Alamo,  fwSn'ti-fl,'li-mo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
18  miles  S.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  808. 

Fnente-Albilda,  fwen'ti-il-beel'di,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  24  miles  from  Albaoete.     Pop.  1102. 

Fuente-Cantos,  fwin'tA-kin'toce,  a  town  of  Spain, 
48  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  6386. 

Fuente-del-Arco,  fwin'ti-dfil-aR'ko,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  80  miles  from  Badajos,  on  the  N. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  1619. 

Fuente-del-Fresno,  fw4n'ti-dil-fr4s'no,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo. 
Pop.  2528. 

Fuente-del-Maestre,  fw5n'ti-dJl-mi-Js'tr4,  a  town 
of  Spain,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  5869. 

Fuente-de-Pedro-Narro,fwfin'ti-di-pi'Dro-naR'- 
Bo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Gnenca.     Pop.  1335. 

Fnente-el-Sauco,  fwfin'ti-5l-s5w'ko,  a  town  of 
Spain,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  3329. 

Fuente-Encarros,  fwfin'ti-5n-kaR'Roce,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  65  miles  from  Alicante.     Pop.  1781. 

Fnente-Guinaldo,  fwdn'ti-ghe-nil'do,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo. 
Pop.  1837. 

Fuente-Heridos,  fw4n'ti-i-ree'Doce,  atownof  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  1289. 

Fuente-la-Hignera,  fw4n'ti-li-e-gi'r4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Valencia,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante. 
Pop.  3255. 

Fnente-Ia-Pefia,  fwfin'ti-li-pfin'yi,  atownofSpain, 
29  miles  S.W.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1884. 

Fuente-Ovejuna,  fw5n'ti-o-vi-Hoo'ni  (anc.  Mel- 
laira?),  written  also  Fnente-Abejuna,  fwfin'ti-i-Bi- 
Hoo'ni,  and  Fnente-Obejuna,  fwfin'ti-o-vi-Hoo'ni,  a 
town  of  Spain,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Cordova.  It  haa  manu- 
factures of  woollens  and  leather.     Pop.  2919. 

Fnente-Palmera,  fw5n'ti-p41-m4'ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cordova,  in  a  plain. 

Fnentepelago,  fwfin'ti-pfil'i-go,  a  town  of  Spain,  16 
miles  N.  of  Segovia.     It  manufactures  linen.     Pop.  1441. 

Faenterrabia,  the  Spanish  name  of  Fontarabia. 

Fnentes-de-Andalncia,  fwSn'tSs-d4-in-di-loo- 
thee'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Seville.     Pop.  6900. 

Fuentes-de-Don-Bermnda,fw5n't8s-d4-don-bfiR- 
moo'D4,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Palenoia. 
Pop.  2.S86. 

Fuentes-de-Ebro,    fw8n'tis-d4-4'bro,   a    town    of 


Spain,  in  Aragon,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the 
Ebro.     Pop.  2048. 

Fnentes-de-Iieon,  fwfin't5s-d4-l4-5n',  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  50  miles  S.  of  Badajos,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Seville.     Pop.  2950. 

Fuentes-de-Onore,  fwSn'tSs-d4-o-no'r4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Salamanca,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo. 

Fuerte,  fw5R't4,  a  small  island  oflF  the  N.W.  coast  of 
the  United  States  of  Colombia,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  88 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cartagena. 

Fuerte,  or  Rio  de  Fuerte,  ree'o  d4  fw4R't4,  a  river 
of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  enters  the  Gulf  of  California,  lat.  26' 
50'  N.,  Ion.  109°  10'  W.,  after  a  W.  course  of  180  miles. 

Fuerte,  El,  Mexico.     See  Villa  del  Fuerte. 

Fuerte  de  San  Jos6,  fwiR't4  d4  84n  ho-s4',  a  town 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Tucuman. 

Fuerteventura,  fw5R't4-vSn-too'r4,  or  Forteven- 
tura,  foR't4-v4n-too'r4,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  in  the 
E.  part  of  the  archipelago,  separated  from  Lanzarote  on 
the  N.  by  the  canal  of  Bocayna.  Lat.  of  its  N.W.  point,  28' 
42'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  1'  W.  Area,  758  square  miles.  Capital, 
Betancuria.  Principal  harbor,  Cabras,  on  the  E.  coast. 
See  Canaries. 

Fuf,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Hofhoop. 

Fuga,  foo'g4,  one  of  the  Babuyan  Islands,  25  miles  N. 
of  Luzon.     Lat.  19°  N.;  Ion.  121°  20'  E. 

Fu'gate's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Fu'git,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1630. 
Post-ofBees,  Clarksburg,  St.  Maurice,  and  Kingston. 

Fngelde,  foo'ghih-lo^fih,  an  island  of  Norway,  Fin- 
mark,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  79°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  40'  E. 

Ftigen,  fu'oh^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the  Zil- 
lerbach,  near  the  Hartberg,  25  miles  E.  of  Innspruok. 

Fuhnen,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  Funen. 

Fuh-Shan,  a  city  of  China.     See  Fat-Shak. 

Fuji,  Ftyi-San,  or  Fiyi-Yania.    See  Foosee. 

Fukok,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Phookok. 

Fnlahs,  a  race  of  West  Africa.     See  Foolahs. 

Fulailee,  foo-li-lee',  or  Fullalee,  ful-14-lee',  a  river 
of  Sinde,  forming  the  E.  arm  of  the  Indus  at  the  delta.  It 
leaves  the  Indus  about  12  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  which 
city  it  insulates  by  sending  ofif  a  branch  to  rejoin  the  main 
stream  16  miles  below.  Thence  it  is  called  Goonee.  The 
Fulailee  has  been  converted  into  a  feeder  for  a  system  of 
irrigating  canals. 

Fulanga,  foo-l4n'g4,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  coral  reef. 

Fulda,  f351'd4,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the  Werra  to 
form  the  Weser,  after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Fulda,  familiarly  called  Fuld,  foSld  or  f531t,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the 
Fulda,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral, 
bishop's  palace,  Franciscan  and  Benedictine  monasteries, 
numerous  hospitals,  asylums,  an  arsenal,  prison,  and  work- 
house. Most  of  its  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics,  over 
whom  the  Bishop  of  Fulda  has  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction. 
The  public  institutions  comprise  a  seminary,  gymnasium, 
lyceum,  with  a  public  library,  school  of  industry,  orphan 
asylum,  Ac.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
fabrics,  tobacco,  and  leather.     Pop.  10,749. 

Fulda,  f551'dah,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind., 
about  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Fnlda,  a  post-village  of  Murray  co..  Minn.,  43  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Pipe  Stone.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tow-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  348. 

Fulda,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Enoch  town 
ship,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Dexter  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fulda,  a  post-office  of  Klikitat  co.,  Washington. 

Fiilek,  fiiMSk',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Little  Cuma- 
nia,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1340. 

Ful'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
York,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  3537. 

Ful'ford,  a  post- village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  4  milei 
S.W.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  250. 

Fnlginium,  or  Fnlginia.    See  Foligno. 

Ful'ham,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on  the 
Thames,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  contain! 
many  market-gardens,  and  has  handsome  mansions,  with 
almshouses,  schools,  and  other  charities.     Pop.  23,350. 

Fuligno,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Foligno. 

Fulk's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  oo.,  Va. 

Fullalee,  a  river  of  India.     See  Fulailee. 

Full'arton,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  tKt/ 
river  Thames,  6  miles  S.  of  Mitchell.     Pop.  150. 

Fullarton's  Marsh,  a  post-village.  Queens  co.,  PriBO« 
Edward  Island,  7  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 


u^ 


1 


VUL 


1231 


FUL 


Full'en»8,apo8t-ofl5ce  and  station  of  Greene  oo.,  Tenn., 
a  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <k  Georgia  Railroad,  15 
jiiles  S.W.  of  Jonesborough. 
I  Full'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 

raJe  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles 

;.  of  Brookville.     Coal  is  found  here.     It  has  a  lumber- 

lill  and  20  houses. 

I  Full'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Du  Page  oo..  111.,  17 

kiles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.    It  has  a  churoh,  an  acad- 

my,  and  a  grist-mill. 

'  Fuller's  Point,  a  post-ofSce  of  Coles  oo.,  111. 

I  Fuller's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 

I  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Schenectady.     It  has  3  churches. 

Full'erton,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  Cal.,  6  milee 
y  rail  N.W.  of  Orange.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
ffice,  packing-houses,  &c.     Pop.  600, 

Fnllerton,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  oo.,  111.,  13  miles 
y  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Clinton. 

Fullerton,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  AUe- 
hany  Valley  Railroad,  89  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Fnllerton,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Ferndale. 

Full'erville  Iron-Works,  or  Full'ersville,  a 
ost-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the  township  of 
I'owler,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Gouvemeur.     Pop.  149. 

Fnllgreit,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Folgaria. 
I  Ftlllstein,  fiill'stlne,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  15 
'piles  from  Jagerndorf.     Pop.  902. 

IFul'mer  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo., 
.T.,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Andover.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 
Ful'mor,  a  station  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
ad,  16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
I  Fiil-See,  fvil-si  or  fiil-zi,  written  also  Fil-See  and 
^  iil-See,  a  lake  of  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland, 
i  >out  30  miles  in  circuit. 

I  Fulta,  Falta,  ful'ta,  written  also  Foulta  (anc. 
^halata,  "fertility"),  a  village  of  Bengal,  20  miles  S.S.W. 
'•:'  Calcutta,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hoogly. 
I  Fulton,  fSol'tpn,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas, 
bjrdering  on  Missouri.  Area,  649  square  miles.  It  is 
ptersected  by  Spring  River  and  the  North  Fork  of  White 
tiver.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
jTorests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  ash,  &c. ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton,  Ac.  It  is 
t  aversed  in  the  E.  from  N.  to  S.  by  a  railroad.  Capital, 
Salem,  Silurian  limestone  crops  out  here.  Pop.  in  1870, 
i843;  in  1880,  6720;  in  1890,  10,984. 
I  Fulton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  166  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
|by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
»ven,  and  partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
jCotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  wheat  are  the 
|B  :aple  products.  Eight  railroads  meet  at  Atlanta,  which  is 
t'le  capital  of  this  county  and  of  the  state,  the  Eastern 
rl  ennessee,  Virginia  ifc  Georgia  Railroad  being  one  of  them. 
:Fop.  in  1870,  33,446;  in  1880,  49,137;  in  1890,  85,655. 
I  Fulton,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
jarea  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  intersected  by  Spoon  River, 
which  enters  the  former  stream  in  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the 
(soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines 
|of  bituminous  coal,  and  is  copiously  supplied  with  hard 
(timber.  It  is  intersected  by  4  railroads, — the  Chicago,  Bur- 
jlington  A  Quincy,  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Western,  the  Iowa 
Central,  and  the  Fulton  County  Narrow-Guage,  the  first 
jand  last  passing  through  Lewistown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
(1870,  38,291;  in  1880,  41,240;  in  1890,  4.3,110. 
I  Fnlton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tippe- 
canoe River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak  and  sugar- 
I  maple  are  found  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
Us  traversed  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Vandalia  Railroad, 
(and  the  Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  the  first  and  last 
I  communicating  with  Rochester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,726;  in  1880,  14,301;  in  1890,  16,746. 
I  Fulton,  a  small  county,  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Ken- 
!  tuoky,  bordering  on  Tennessee.  Area,  190  square  miles.  It 
j  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  soil 
'  is  fertile,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
I  tobacco,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
•J  intersected  by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Nashville, 
f  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Hickman.  Pop.  in 
1870,6161;  in  1880.7977;  in  1890,  10,005. 


Fnlton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York,  has  an 
area  of  about  567  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  East  Canada  Creek,  and  is  drained  in  its  northeastern 
part  by  the  Sacondaga  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  The  Fbnda,  Johnstown  A  Glovers- 
ville  Railroad  connects  this  county  with  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Johnstown.  The  chief  articles 
of  export  are  gloves  and  mittens.  Trenton  limestone  and 
other  Silurian  rocks  underlie  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
27,064;  in  1880,  30,985;  in  1890,  37,650. 

Fnlton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering 
on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  402  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Bean  Creek  and  other  small  affluents  of  the 
Maumee  River.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 

Eart  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm, 
ickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  The  rocks  which  underlie  the  surface  are  every- 
where covered  with  a  deposit  of  drift  50  feet  thick  or  more. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  two  divisions  of  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  one  division  communicating 
with  Wauseon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,789 ;  in  1880, 
21,053 ;  in  1890,  22,023. 

Fulton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Licking  Creek  and  several  small  affluents 
of  the  Juniata  River.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Cove  or 
Tuscarora  Mountain,  and  on  the  W.  by  a  long  ridge,  called 
Sideling  Hill.  The  Scrub  Ridge  traverses  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  county.  The  highlands  are  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  and  the  valleys  are  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Capital,  McConnellsburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9360;  in  1880, 10,149;  in  1890,  10,137, 

Fulton,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  ou  the  Gainesville 
Branch  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Gainesville. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Red  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  Fulton  Railroad,  126  miles 
S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Texarkana.  It 
has  2  churches,  several  general  stores,  and  a  lumber-milL 
A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here.    Pop.  337. 

Fulton,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Fulton  A  Guerneville  Railroad,  61  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Fulton,  apost-offioe  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles  (direct) 
N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Fnlton,  a  post-town  and  railroad  terminus  in  Fulton 
township,  Whiteside  oo.,  HI.,  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
opposite  Lyons,  with  which  place  it  is  connected  by  a  steel 
wagon-bridge.  It  is  135  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  and 
2  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  An  iron  drawbridge 
across  the  River  connects  Fulton  with  Clinton,  Fulton 
contains  the  Northern  Illinois  College,  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  saw-mill,  an  iron 
foundry,  Ac,  and  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour, 
stoneware,  pipes,  steel  siding  and  roofing,  pumps,  and  wind- 
mills. It  is  an  important  point  for  the  transfer  of  freight. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2099 ;  of  the  township,  2390. 

Fnlton,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  916. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Fnlton,  a  post-village  in  Farmers'  Creek  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Maquoketa  River, 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fulton,  or  Stock'ton,  a  village  in  Fulton  township, 
Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.N,  W,  of  Davenport.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stockton.  Pop.  108 ;  of  tho 
township,  1162. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Webster  co,,  Iowa,     Pop.  208. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co,,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  at  Osaga  Sta- 
tion, 12  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  2  churches,  2  ele- 
vators for  grain,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Fulton,  or  Fulton  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fulton 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  tho  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paducah,  and  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  contains  2  churches,  the  Fulton  Seminary,  the  Oak- 
wood  Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Fulton.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.     Pojp.  1222. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  iu 
Wakeshma  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Vioksburg,  and  aboo* 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Kalamazoo.    It  has  2  churches. 


FUL 


1232 


FUR 


Fulton )  a  post- village,  capital  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss., 
is  on  or  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  about  60 
miles  S.  of  Corinth,  and  58  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  newspaper  oflSoe.     Pop.  about  300. 

Fulton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  in 
Fulton  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.E.  of  JefiFerson  City,  and  24  miles  S.  of  Mexico.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  state  asylum  for  the  insane,  and  of  an  insti- 
tution for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  also  founded  by  the  state.  It 
contains  3  banks,  9  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  West- 
minster College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in 
1852,  the  Synodical  Female  College,  a  flouring-mill,  and  fire- 
clay manufactures.     Pop.  4314 ;  of  the  township,  6577. 

Fulton,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  Neb. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Volney  township,  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  on 
the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad,  and  on  the  right  or  E. 
bank  of  the  Oswego  River,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse,  and 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  contains  6  churches,  2 
national  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  fiouring-mills,  2  machine- 
shops,  3  woollen-mills,  2  buckwheat-mills,  pulp-  and  paper- 
mills,  pulley-works,  and  gun-works,  for  which  the  river 
affords  motive-power.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3941 ;  in  1890,  4214. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Fulton 
township,  on  the  Yadkin  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  20  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  2320. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1328.  It 
contains  Ai. 

Fulton,  Stark  co.,  0.    See  Canal  Fulton. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  borders  on  Maryland.     P.  1888. 

Fulton,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  Shamokin. 

Fulton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fulton,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Clarendon  co., 
B.C.,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  1087. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mississippi,  38  miles  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  general  stores. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Aransas  co.,  Tex.,  is  situated 
on  Aransas  Bay,  3  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  and  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianola.  Canned  beef,  salted  beef,  hides,  and 
tallow  are  exported  from  Fulton. 

Fulton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
James  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Rockfish  Depot. 

Fulton,  a  village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  near  the  Ohio 
River,  1  mile  E.  of  Wheeling.     Pop.  in  1880,  629. 

Fulton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Fulton 
township,  on  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Catfish  River, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Edgerton,  and  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Madison.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
church.     P.  about  250.     The  township  contains  Edgerton. 

Fnltonham,  fSSl'tpn-ham,  a  post-village  in  Fulton 
township,  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Schoharie,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Middleburg.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fnltonham,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  flour-rmills.     Pop.  300. 

Fulton  House,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  about  24  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Lancaster.     Robert  Fulton  was  born  here. 

Fulton  Lakes,  New  York,  a  chain  of  small  lakes  in 
the  counties  of  Hamilton  and  Herkimer,  connected  by  short 
outlets  with  one  another  and  with  Moose  River,  which  re- 
ceives their  surplus  water. 

Fulton  Landing,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Ohio 
River,  30  miles  below  Huntingdon.  Here  is  Wurtland 
Post-Office. 

Fulton  Station,  Kentucky.    See  Fulton. 

Fultonville,  fSol'tpn-vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  opposite 
Fonda,  37  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  contains  2 
churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1122. 

Fulvii  Forum,  the  ancient  name  of  Valenza. 

Ful'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Preston,  with  cotton-  and  iron-mills. 
Pop.  3079. 

Fumay,  fii^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the 
Meuse,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Mezidres.  It  stands  very 
picturesquely  among  wooded  heights,  two  of  which,  termed 
the  Dames  de  la  Meuse  ("ladies  of  the  Meuse"),  overhang 
the  river.     Fumay  has  quarries  of  slate.     Pop.  4099. 


Fnmbina,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Asahawa. 

Fumel,  fii^mfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne^ 
on  the  Lot,  30  miles  N:E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  2229. 

Fumone,  foo-mo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Frosinone.     Pop.  1503. 

Funchal,  foon-shil'  ("fennel-place"),  the  capital  of 
Madeira,  on  its  S.  coast.  Lat.  32°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  54'  W. 
It  stands  on  a  declivity,  and  has  a  fine  appearance  from  the 
sea.  It  is  an  important  port  of  call  for  steamers,  and  hu 
telegraph  lines  to  Lisbon  and  Brazil,  2  banks,  several 
newspapers,  good  public  buildings,  and  well-paved  but  nar- 
row streets.  There  are  2  Anglican,  1  Presbyterian,  and 
several  Catholic  churches.  Funchal  is  a  bishop's  see.  It 
is  visited  by  many  invalids  in  winter.     Pop.  18,000. 

Fnndfto,  foon-dows"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Garda.  It  has  manufactures  o' 
cloths.     Pop.  2375. 

Fundi,  the  ancient  name  of  Fondt. 

Fundy,  Bay  of.    See  Bay  op  Fundy. 

Fu'nen,  or  Fuhnen  (Ger.  FUuen  or  Fuhnen,  fu'n?n} 
Dan.  Fyen,  fii'^n;  L.  Fio'nia;  Ft.  Fionie,  fee^o^nee'),  ai> 
island  in  the  Baltic,  and,  next  to  Seeland,  the  largest  of  the 
Danish  islands,  is  situated  between  lat.  56°  4'  and  55°  38' 
N.  and  Ion.  9°  44'  and  10°  53'  E.,  separated  from  Seeland 
on  the  E.  by  the  Great  Belt,  and  from  the  mainland  on  the 
W.  by  the  Little  Belt.  Area,  1123  square  miles.  Its  shores 
are  greatly  indented,  and  in  the  N.E.  the  Odense  Fiord 
receives  the  Odense,  the  principal  river,  35  miles  in  length. 
Lakes  are  numerous.  The  soil  is  very  productive.  Grain, 
flax,  hemp,  and  fruit  are  cultivated.  Funen  exports  many 
cattle;  the  other  principal  exports  are  honey,  grain,  horses, 
fruit,  lard,  butter,  leather,  salted  meat,  and  some  manufac- 
tured goods.  Funen,  with  Langeland,  an  island  S.E.,  forms 
a  stift,  subdivided  into  3  amts.  Principal  towns,  Funen, 
Odense,  Svendborg,  and  Nyborg.     Pop.  204,904. 

Ffinfhaus,  fUnf'hdws,  Fiinf hftusel,  funf'hoi^z^I,  or 
Hangendenlissen,  h&ng'^n-d^n-lis^sf  n,  a  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  about  2  miles  from  Vienna. 

Ftinfkirchen,  fiinfkgeuK^^n  ("five  churches;"  Hun, 
Pecs  or  Pets,  paitch),  a  city  and  bishop's  see  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  the  county  of  Baranya,  on  a  railway,  105  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Buda.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  cathedral,  re- 
mains of  mosques,  baths,  and  other  edifices  built  by  the 
Turks,  who  held  the  town  from  1643  to  1686,  a  Roxuan 
Catholic  diocesan  school,  a  college,  and  military  and  high 
schools.     Pop.  23,863. 

Fung,  or  Foung,  fung  or  f55ng,  a  prefix  to  the  name* 
of  numerous  cities,  Ac,  of  China. 

Fung-Thian,  a  city  of  Manchooria.    See  Mookde.v. 

Fung-Wah,  fung^-wi',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Che-Kiang,  about  30  miles  from  Ning-Po. 

Fung- Whang- Ching,  fiing^-hwing^-ching',  some- 
times written  Foung-Yang-Houang-Tching,  acity 
of  China,  province  of  Leao-Tong,  near  the  Corean  frontier, 

Fung- Vang,  fung^-ying'  orfOong^-ying',  written  also 
Foung- Yang,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hoei,  95 
miles  N.AV.  of  Nanking. 

Funk'houser,  a  hamlet  in  Mound  township,  Effingham 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Effingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Funks,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin 
cinnati,  Wabash  <fc  Michigan  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  An- 
derson. 

Funk's  Grove,  a  township  of  McLean  co..  111.    P.  818, 

Funks'town,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  Antietam  Creek,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad,  and  2  or  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hagerstown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  » 
paper-mill.     Pop.  671. 

Funkstoivn,  or  Alto  Dale,  a  village  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Quincy  township,  1  mile  from  the  Mont  Alto 
Railroad,  and  near  the  Mont  Alto  Iron- Works.  It  has  3 
churches.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Mont  Alto. 

Funny  Louis.    See  Centreville,  La. 

Fur,  a  people  of  Africa.     See  Dakfoor. 

Furca,  or  La  Furca,  14  fooR'ki  (Fr.  La  Fourehe,  14 
fooRsh),  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  im- 
mediately W.  of  Mount  St.  Gothard.     Height,  8268  feet. 

Ftired,  fii'rM',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  Lake  Balatony,  9  miles  S.  of  Veszprim,  resorted  to  as  a 
bathing-place.     Pop.  1280. 

Fiired,  or  Tisza-Fiired,  tee'soh'-fuVSd',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  on  the  Theiss,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kardzag.  Pop. 
of  commune,  6622. 

Fureedabad,  or  Fariddbad,  fur-eed'i-bid',  a  towo 
of  India,  district  and  17  miles  S.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7990. 

Fureedkote,  a  state  of  India.    See  Furrbedkote. 


*tm 


1233 


ruT 


FureedpooF)  or  Faridpnr)  fQr^eed-poor',  the  west- 
fernmost  district  of  the  Dacca  division,  Bengal.     Lat.  23° 
W'  55"-22°  47'  53"  N. ;  Ion.  89°  21'  50"-90°  16'  E.   Area, 
1524  square  miles.     It  has  the  main  Ganges  on  the  N.  and 
p.,  and  is  in  general  flat,  low,  and  fertile,  being  composed 
entirely   of  delta-islands,  with  innumerable  navigable  or 
poatiible  channels,  large  portions  being  flooded  in  the  wet 
leason.     Capital,  Fureedpoor.     Pop.  1,012,589. 
j   Fureedpoor,  or  Faridpur,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
k  the  above,  37  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dacca.     Pop.  8593. 
I   Fureedpoor,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  12  miles 
B.E.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  4940. 
j  Furian,  a  people  of  Africa.    See  Darfoor. 

Furk,  fSSRk,  a  village  of  Eastern  Persia,  105  miles 
if.W.  of  Lake  Hamoon.     Pop.  1500. 

Furlo,  fooB'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  8 
oiles  S.  of  Urbino.  Near  it  is  the  famous  Pass  of  Farlo 
anc.  Pe'tra  Interci'sa). 

Furlog,  fooR'log\  Fnrlah,  fooR'15h\  or  Ferlyng, 
8Rl'yoog\  a  village  of  Hungary,  8  miles  from  Lugos. 
Pop.  2079. 

Fur'man's,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
i  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Furtnan's  Island,  a  village  in  Newtown  township, 
Jueens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  island  in  the  navigable  Newtown 
!reek,  at  the  terminus  of  a  short  branch  of  the  South  Side 
lailroad,  4  miles  E.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
lid  manufactures  of  oil-cloth,  bone-black,  and  varnish. 

Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Jardwick  township,  on  Ware  River,  and  on  the  Ware 
Uver  Railroad,  about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
k  IS  a  paper-mill. 

j  Furnace,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  1 
fc  ile  N.  of  AUentown,  and  2  miles  S.  of  Catasauqua,  Pa. 
1  Fur'naceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
i  itario  township,  2  miles  from  Ontario  Station.     It  has  a 
il  urch  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

i  Fur'nas,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  border- 
fcg  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
fiting  and  nearly  destitute  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Jikpital,  Beaver  City.  Pop.  in  1880,  6407;  in  1890,  9840. 
I  Furnas,  fooB'nfi,s,  a  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
|1  St.  Michael,  Azores,  with  sulphur  springs. 
i  Furneaux  (fur^n5')  or  Fourneaux  (fooR^nS') 
<l^f  lands,  a  group  of  Australasia,  Bass's  Strait,  between 
fi^mania  and  Australia.  Lat.  40°  S. ;  Ion.  148°  E.  They 
onsist  of  three  or  four  large  and  many  smaller  islands, 
fieat  Island,  the  principal,  being  35  miles  long  by  10 
liles  broad.  Cape  Barren,  Clark,  Hummock,  and  Babel 
*  ands  are  those  next  in  size.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and 
legetation  feeble.  The  group  was  discovered  by  the  English 
ilavigator  Furneaux  in  1773. 

I  Furneaux,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  17° 
I.,  Ion.  143°  6'  W. 

I  Furnes,  fiiRn  (Flemish,  Veume,  voR'n^h),  the  westem- 
lost  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  at  the  junction  of 
averal  canals,  near  the  North  Sea,  on  a  railway,  and  26  miles 
|.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4700. 

Fur'ness,  a  manorial  liberty  of  England,  on  the  Irish 
»a,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county  of  Lancaster,  with  a 
jeautiful  ruin  of  the  abbey  of  Furness,  founded  in  1127 
y  Stephen,  afterwards  King  of  England.  Chief  town,  Bar- 
MT-in-Fumess. 

I  Fur'nesville,  or  Fur'nessville,  a  post-village  of 
'orter  co.,  Ind.,  in  Westchester  township,  on  the  Michigan 
jentral  Railroad,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  2  miles 
I'om  Lake  Michigan.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 
I  Fur'niss,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Oswego  <fc 
ewiston,  N.Y.  (a  branch  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  <k  Og- 
fensburg  Railroad),  4  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego. 
I  Furr,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1044. 
I  Furragene,  fur^ra-jeen'  (?),  a  little  island  in  the  Red 
ea,  on  the  W.  side,  about  lat.  18°  16'  N.,  Ion.  38°  20'  E. 

Fur'rah,  a  decayed  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Fur- 
ih-Rood  River  (which  enters  the  Lake  of  Hamoon),  140 
l^iles  S.W.  of  Herat.  Lat.  32°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  7'  E. 
,  Furiah-Rood,  fQr'rl-rood^  a  river  of  Western  Af- 
hanistan,  rising  in  the  mountains  N.E.  of  Tooki-Gusseer- 
lan,  flows  S.W.,  and  falls  into  Lake  Hamoon  in  lat.  32°  4' 
|.,  Ion.  60°  45'  E. 

Furreedabad,  India.    See  Fcreedabad. 
[Furreedkote,  or  Faridkot,  fSr-reed-k5t',  a  native 
ikh  state  of  the  Punjab,  India.     Lat.  30°  40'-30°  56'  N. ; 
'^n.  74°  12'-75°  9'  E.     Area,  308  square  miles.     Capital, 
krreedkote,  a  town  60  miles  S.W.  of  Loodianah.     Pop. 


Fnrreedpoor,  a  town  of  India.  See  Fdrebdpoor. 
Furrnckabad,  or  Farakhabad,  f&r-rfik-i-b&d',  a 
district  of  the  North- West  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat. 
26°  40'-27°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  57'-80°  2'  E.  Area,  1909  square 
miles.  It  is  generally  flat  and  alluvial,  but  sandy,  and  sub- 
ject to  drought,  except  near  the  Ganges  and  other  streams. 
It  produces  much  grain,  pulse,  and  indigo,  with  some  sugar 
and  cotton.     Capital,  Futtehghur.     Pop.  919,091. 

Fnrruckabad,  or  Farakhabad  ("happy  abode"),  a 
town  of  India,  in  the  above  district,  near  the  Ganges,  and 
93  miles  E.N.E.  of  Agra.  It  is  walled  and  well  built,  and 
has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  79,284. 

Fnrrucknnggnr,  or  Faraknagar,  ftlrViik-niig'- 
Qr,  a  town  of  the  Meerut  district,  India,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Delhi.     Pop.  10,731. 

Ftirstenan,  fiiRs't^h-n5w\  a  village  of  Hesse,  province 
of  Starkenburg,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt. 

Fiirstenau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hoover,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1220. 

Fiirstenberg,  fiiRs't^n-bfiRG^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  on  the  Havel,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Alt- 
Strelitz.     Pop.  2092. 

Fiirstenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  63 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Berlin.    Pop.  3029. 

Fiirstenberg,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on 
the  Aa,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Biiren.     Pop.  1605. 

Fiirstenfeld,  fliRs't^n-fSlf,  a  town  of  Styria,  30  miles 
B.  of  Gratz,  on  the  Feistritz.     Pop.  3582. 

Fiirstenfeld  Bruck,  fuRs't^n-filt*  brSSk,  a  village  of 
Bavaria,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  590. 

Fttrstenfelde,  fiiRs't^n-fSrd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  26  miles  N.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2246. 

Ftirstenwalde,  fiiRs't?n-Mrd§h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Frankfort.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens,  and 
an  active  trade  by  the  river.     Pop.  9679. 

Ftirstenwerder,  filRs't^n-^eRM^r,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prenzlow.  Pop.  1433. 

Furtei,  fooR-ti'ee,  or  Fortei,  foR-ti'ee,  a  village  of 
Sardinia,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  909. 

Fiirth,  fiiRt,  the  principal  manufacturing  town  of  Ba- 
varia, after  Nuremberg,  is  at  the  confluence  of  the  Regnits 
and  Pegnitz,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Nu- 
remberg. It  has  several  churches  and  synagogues,  and 
numerous  schools.  The  Jews,  long  interdicted  from  settling 
in  Nuremberg,  rendered  Fiirth  a  formidable  rival  to  that 
city,  and  possess  here  schools  and  printing-establishments. 
The  manufactures  comprise  fabrics  of  various  kinds,  mirrors, 
lacquered  wares,  toys,  gold-leaf,  and  horn  and  bone  articles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  43,206. 

Fiirth,  a  frontier  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Cham,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2244. 

Fiirth,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1413. 

Further  India,  Asia.    See  Inbo-China. 

Furtwangen,  foSRf'^&ng-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  1  mile 
E.N.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3270. 

Fnrudpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Fureedpoor. 

Fu'ry-aud-Hec'la  Strait,  North  America,  in  lat. 
70°  N.,  Ion.  85°  W.,  leads  W.  into  Boothia  Gulf,  having  N. 
Cockburn  Island,  and  S.  Melville  Peninsula.  Its  breadth 
varies  from  8  to  40  miles,  with  numerous  islands. 

Fury  Point,  of  British  North  America,  Prince  Regent 
Inlet,  on  the  W.  side  of  North  Somerset,  in  lat.  72°  40'  30" 
N.,  Ion.  91°  53'  W. 

Fusagasuga,  foo-89,-g&-soo'g&,  a  river  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  flowing  W.,  and  falling  into  the  Magdalena 
52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sunta  F6  de  Bogota. 

Fusaro,  foo-si'ro  (anc.  Ach'eron),  a  lake  of  Italy,  11 
miles  W.  of  Naples,  on  the  peninsula  of  Baise. 

Fuse,  foo'z^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the  Aller  at 
Celle,  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Fusht,  fiisht  or  foosht,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  on  th« 
E.  side,  in  lat.  16°  11'  N.,  Ion.  42°  25'  E. 

Fusi,  a  mountain  of  Japan.    See  Foosee. 

Fusignano,  foo-seen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  Emilia, 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Ferrara,  on  the  Senio.     Pop.  5193. 

Fnsina,  foo-8ee'n&,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  4  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Venice,  on  the  Brenta  Canal.    Pop.  1200. 

Fiissen,  fiis's^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  tne  Lech,  near 
the  Tyrol  border,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2416. 

Fuss'ville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis. 

Fusta,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Tattss. 

Futhepoor  Sikre.    See  Fttttipoob  Sikra. 

Futi-Panjal ,  foo'tee-pin'jil',  a  mountain  of  Cashmere, 
over  12,000  feet  high.     Lat.  33°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  30'  E. 

Futtak.  or  Futak,  footHSk',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo 


FUT 


1234 


GAB 


the  Danube,  8  miles  W.  of  Peterwardein.  It  has  a  fair  in 
November,  attended  by  Turkish,  Greek,  and  Armenian  mer- 
chants.    Pop.  504.3. 

Futtak,  or  Uj-Futtak,  oo'ee-footHSk'  ("New  Fut- 
tak"),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  B£os,  on  the  Danube. 

Fnttehabad,  fQtH?h-h4-bad'  ("the  abode  of  victory"), 
a  town  of  India,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Oojein,  so  named  after  a 
great  battle  gained  here  by  Aurengzebe. 

Fnttehabad,  a  town  of  British  India,  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Delhi. 

Fnttehabad,  fut^t«h-h&-b&d',  a  town  of  Afghanistan, 
plain  of  Jelalabad,  in  lat.  34°  21'  N.,  Ion.  70°  13'  E;  also 
a  district  in  the  Nizam's  dominions,  comprising  the  towns 
of  Daroor,  Cullum,  and  Latoor. 

Fattehghar,  fiitH^h-giir'  (i.e.,  "the  fort  of  victory"), 
a  fort  of  Afghanistan,  near  the  E.  end  of  the  Khyber  Pass. 
Lat.  33°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  30'  E. 

Futtehghur,  or  Fataghar,  a  town  of  British  India, 
capital  of  the  district  of  Furruckabad,  on  the  Ganges,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Furruckabad.  It  has  a  strong 
fort,  and  military  cantonments.     Pop.  10,335. 

Futtehghur,  a  town  of  Northwestern  India,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Bhawlpoor,  on  the  Sutlej. 

Futtehgnnge,  or  Fatahgaiy,  futH^h-giinj',  a  town 
of  India,  in  Oude,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lucknow. 

Futtehpoor,  Fathipur,  or  Fatehpnr,  futH^h- 
poor',  a  district  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  lat.  25°  25' 
-26°  13'  N.,  Ion.  80°  12'-81°  23'  E.  Area,  1383  square  miles. 
It  is  a  flat  country  in  the  Doab  formed  by  the  Ganges  and 
Jumna,  and  is  very  fertile,  but  is  sufcject  to  drought.  It 
produces  opium,  cotton,  sugar,  cereals,  and  pulse.  Capital, 
Futtehpoor,     Pop.  663,877. 

Futtehpoor^  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  48 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cawnpore.  It  has  an  elegant  mosque 
and  fine  public  buildings.  Here  Havelook  gained  a  bril- 
liant victory  over  the  Sepoys,  June  12,  1857.     Pop.  20,478. 

Futtehpoor,  or  Fatehpur,  ftit^t^h-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  division  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Lucknow.    Pop.  7494. 

Futtehpoor,  a  town  of  Belooohistan,  in  Cutch  Gundava, 
6  miles  S.  of  Gundava.     Lat.  28°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  35'  B. 

Futtie,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Footoee. 

Futtihpoor,  or  Futtehpoor,  ffit-t^b-poor',  a  town 
of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  on  the  Havee,  82  miles  S.W.  of 
Lahore. 

Futtipoor  Sikra,  or  Fathipur  Sikra,  fut't^-poor' 
sik'ra  (or  Sikri,  sik'ree),  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Agra.  Here  are  the  remains  of  the 
splendid  mosque  and  palace  of  Akbar,  with  other  interesting 
ruins.     Pop.  6878. 

Futtooha,  a  town  of  India.     See  Fctwa. 

Futtoolah-Killa,  fiittoo'l&-kil'l&,  or  Puttoola- 
Killa,  put-too'l&-kiri4,  a  village  and  fort  of  Afghanistan, 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Candahar,  3918  feet  above  sea-level. 

Futtyghur,  India.    See  Futtehghur. 


Futtypoor,  fQt-te-poor',  a  town  of  British  India,  48 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hosungabad. 

Futtypoor,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Rajpootana,  9ft 
miles  N.W.  of  Jeypoor. 

Futtypoor,  a  large  village  of  Sinde,  on  a  branch  of  tie 
Indus,  10  miles  S.  of  Larkhana. 

Futwa,  or  Fatwa,  fut'wa,  written  also  Fut'tooha, 
a  town  of  the  Patna  district,  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Poonpoon,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Patna.  It 
is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  has  manufactures  of  cloth  and 
a  good  trade.     Pop.  11,295. 

Fnur,  fooR,  or  Fuurland,  fooR'l&nd,  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Viborg,  in  Lym-Fiord. 
Area,  11  square  miles.    It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  820. 

Fuveau,  fiiVo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouches-da- 
Rhane,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2253. 

Ftizer,  fii'z5r\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Aba-Uj- 
Var,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  280. 

Fiizes,  fu'zSsh',  or  Fizesch,  fee^zish'  (L.  Salicium), 
a  Wallaehian  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Kraazna,  15  miles 
from  Somlyo.     Pop.  1200. 

Fiizes  Gyarmath,  fii^zSsh'  dyoR^mit',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  on  the  Berettyo,  equally  distant  from  Gyula  and 
Csaba.   *Pop.  5735. 

Fuzi,  or  Fuzi-Yama,  Japan.    See  Foosee. 

Fy'an,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Gras- 
conade  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Fyen,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Funen. 

Fyers,  a  river  of  Scotland.     See  Foyers. 

Fyrozpnr,  India.    See  Ferozepoor. 

Fyum,  a  province  of  Egypt.    See  Fayoom. 

Fyvie,  fi'vee,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  about  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aberdeen.  Fyvie  Castle,  the  seat  of  Gor- 
don of  Fyvie,  is  a  stately  edifice  in  the  Scottish  baronial 
style.  Here  are  also  the  fine  ruins  of  Gight  Castle  and  of 
a  priory.     Pop.  4611. 

Fyzabad,  or  Faizabad,  fi-z&-b&d',  a  division  or 
commissionership  of  India,  in  Oude,  comprising  the  dis- 
tricts of  Fyzabad,  Gonda,  and  Bharaich.  Lat.  26°-28°  30' 
N.;  Ion.  81°  5'-83°  15'  E.  Area,  7671  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Fyzabad.  Pop.  3,378,262.  Fyzabad  district  lies  about 
lat  26°-27°  N.,  Ion.  81°-82°  E.  Area,  1649  square  miles. 
Capital,  Fyzabad.     Pop.  1,437,009. 

Fyzabad,  or  Faizabad,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  above,  on  the  navigable  river  Goggra,  65  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Lucknow.  It  is  the  seat  of  native  manufactures,  but 
has  much  declined  in  wealth  and  population.  Pop.  in  1891, 
79,500. 

Fyzabad,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Herri-Rood. 
32  miles  E.  of  Herat. 

Fyzabad,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.    See  Budukhshan. 

Fyzapoor,  or  Faizapur,  f  i*zi-poor',  a  town  of  Indin, 
Candeish  district,  lat.  21°  11'  N.,  Ion.  76°  63'  E.,  with  fiP" 
mercantile  buildings.     Pop.  8466. 


G. 


tvaabense,  go'bdn-s^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Falster. 

Gaad,  g&d,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on 
the  Temes,  12  miles  from  Detta.     Pop.  1126. 

Gabardan,  g&^baRMAi<o',  or  Gavardan,  g&VaR^- 
diN"',  an  ancient  vicomt6  of  France,  belonging  to  Condo- 
mois.  It  is  now  in  the  E.  of  the  department  of  Landes,  on 
the  S.W.  of  Lot-et-Garonne. 

Gabarret,  gi^baR^Ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  26 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  1334.  It  was  for- 
merly the  capital  of  the  vicomt6  of  Gabardan. 

Gabarus,  or  Gaberouse,  gi^ba-roos',  a  fishing-ham- 
let of  Cape  Breton  co.  and  island.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Gabarus 
Bay,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Louisburg. 

Gaba8,gi^bis',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- Pyr6n6es, 
30  miles  S.  of  Pau. 

Gabatuin,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levroux. 

Gabbiano,  gib-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2118. 

Gabel,  g4'b§l.  Gabion,  gi-blon',  or  Gablony,  gi- 
blo'nee,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Adler,  37  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Eoniggratz.     Pop.  2520. 


Gabel,  g&'b^l,  Gabdau,  g&b'dSw,  or  Jablona,  jft- 

blo'ni,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Jungfembach,  60  mile« 
N.N.E.  of  Prague. 

Gabela,  gi'bi^ll,  or  GabeHa,  gi-bSl'li,  a  town  of 
Herzegovina,  on  the  Narenta,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Mostar. 

Gabellus,  the  ancient  name  of  Secchia. 

Gabera,  g4-Bi'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  62 
miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona. 

Gabes,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Cabes.  ^ 

Gabian,  g4'be-6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hfiranlt,  U 
miles  N.N.E.  of  B6ziers.     Pop.  1211. 

Gabiano,  gi-be-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  12  miles  W.  of  Casale,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  2M1. 

Gabilan,  gi-ve-lin',  a  post-office  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal. 

Gabilan  (or  Gavilan)  Mountains,  California,  » 
long  ridge  extending  through  the  cos.  of  San  Mateo  and 
Santa  Cruz.     This  ridge  is  a  branch  of  the  Coast  Range. 

Gabion,  ga'be-pn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Galveston  co.,  Tex., 
on  Galveston  Bay  and  Bolivar  Point,  6  miles  N.E.  of  6?. 
veston. 

Gabion,  or  Gablony,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  See  Gabj  ■ 

Gablonz,  gi'blonts  (Bohemian,  Gablunka,  g4-bloop' 


GAB 


1235 


OAI 


4),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Neisse,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  by 
I,  of  Reicbenberg.  It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  trade 
:  J  ornamental  glass,  and  has  large  cloth-factories  and  wool- 
jinning  works.     Pop.  6752. 

Gaboon,  gi-boon'  (Fr.  Le  Oabon,  l^h  g{L*bdN»'),  a  river 
if  Western  Africa,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  the  equator. 
t  is  strictly  only  a  great  estuary  by  which  several  minor 
treams  discharge  their  waters.  It  gives  name  to  a  French 
blonial  establishment;  capital,  Gaboon,  or  Gabon,  a  gar- 
isoned  post,  with  a  hospital,  a  mission,  and  a  good  harbor. 
,  Ga'briel  Chan'nel,  a  channel  in  the  Terra  del  Fuego 
blands,  lat.  64°  20'  S.,  Ion.  70°  40'  W.,  between  Dawson 
island  and  the  E.  side  of  Madalen  Channel,  having  Cape 
.i-oward  directly  opposite  its  N.W.  extremity.  The  width 
r  the  channel  at  both  extremities  is  from  2  to  3  miles ;  but 
JO  shores  approach  each  other  midway,  and  the  coast  on 
loh  side  rises  abruptly  to  the  height  of  1500  feet.  Here 
le  squalls  called  by  mariners  "williwaws,"  so  frequent  in 
erra  del  Fuego,  operate  with  great  violence. 

Ga'briel  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex., 
i  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  a  church  and  flour-mill. 

Gabriel's  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
op.  1372. 

Gabrova,  or  Gabrowa,  gi-bro'vi,  written  also  Ka- 
ilrowa,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Jantra,  20  miles  S.W. 
'  Timova,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Shipka  Pass.     Pop.  5000. 

Gac6,  gi^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ome^  15  miles  E.N.E. 
Argentan.     Pop.  1649. 

Gacs,  g&tch,  or  Gacz,  gits,  a  town  of  Hungary,  64 
I  i  es  N.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  'l200. 

Gadamis,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Ghadamis. 

Gadawara,  gad-a-wah'r3,,  a  town  of  the  Jubbulpoor 
Ijvision,  Central  Provinces,  British  India.     Pop.  9316. 

Gad'distown,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Gad'dysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C,  1 
li  e  from  the  boundary  of  South  Carolina. 

Gade,  gaid,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Herts,  after  a  S. 
irrse,  joins  the  Colne  near  Rickmansworth. 

Gadebnsch,  gi'deh-boosh^  (L.  De'i  Lu'ctta),  a  walled 
wn  of   Germany,   in   Mecklenburg-Schwerin,   13    miles 
'..^.W.  of  Schwerin.     Komer  the  poet  fell  here  in  the  war 
•,he  liberation.     Pop.  2508. 

(iades,  the  Latin  name  of  Cadiz. 

Gadiaga,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Galam. 

Gaditanian.    See  Cadiz. 

(iaditannm  Fretum.    See  Strait  of  Gibraltar. 

(iadjatsch,  gid-yitch',  Gadatch,  gi-d4toh'.  Ga- 
it ch,  g4-ditch',  or  Hadjatsch,  hid^yitch',  a  town  of 
aiisia,  government  and  60  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  the 
piol.     Pop.  8425. 

|(Tadraen,  gid'm^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
srn,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sarnen.     It  is  hemmed  in  by  moun- 

iiis,  some  of  them  9000  feet  high.     Pop.  of  parish,  783. 

Gadoni,  gi-do'nee,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
i  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  701. 

Gadoo,  gS,-doo',  a  native  state  of  Senegambia,  S.  of 
Doladoo  and  Brooko.     It  is  mountainous,  is  well  watered 

r  the  Senegal,  and  ha«  mines  of  gold,  iron,  and  saltpetre. 

Gador,  gi-doR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 

'.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Almeria  River.     Pop.  1621. 

Gads'den,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  border- 

g  on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.     It 

bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ocklookonnee  River,  and  on 

le  W.  by  the  Appalachicola.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered 
Sth  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  molasses, 
4d  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Jorida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad  and  the  Savannah, 
'iOrida  A  Western   Railroad.     Capital,  Quincy.     Pop.  in 

70,  9802;  in  1880,  12,169;  in  1890,  11,894. 

Gadsden,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Etowah 

.,  Ala.,  on  the  Coosa  River,  at  the  S.W.  end  of  Lookout 

ountain,  about  70  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham,  and  70 

iles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  2 

wspaper  offices,  blast-furnaces,  ice-factories,  4  saw-mills, 

d  2  planing-milis.    Pop.  in  1890,  2901.    Steamers  ascend 

e  river  from  this  point  to  Rome.  Ga. 
I  Gadsden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co»,  S.C,  on  the 
iuth  Carolina  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It 
W  2  churches  and  2  general  stores. 

iGadsden,  a  post-village  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
pnisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  76  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mem- 
•lis.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
jGads'hili,  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  2i  miles  N.W.  of 
"Oohester,  famous  as  the  scene  of  PalstaflF's  and  Prince 
^enry's  rencounter,  and  as  the  home  of  Dickens. 

jGae,  gi'i,  or  gi,  a  village  of  Western  Africa,  in  Foota- 

l^ro,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  28'  N. :  Ion.  15°  28'  W. 


Grestrikland.  Sweden.    See  Gestriklaitd. 

Gaeta,  gi-i'tft  (anc.  Gaie'ta  or  Caje'ta;  Fr.  Ga^te,  g4' 
ait'),  a  strongly  fortified  seaport  of  Italy,  province  of  CaseHa, 
occupying  a  peninsula  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Gaeta, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  9 
other  churches,  a  public  seminary,  hospital,  and  foundling 
asylum.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  stood  the  villa  of  Cicero, 
near  which  he  met  his  death,  B.C.  43.  It  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  and  the  seat  of  some  trade ;  its  port  is  one  of 
the  best  in  Italy.  Gaeta  is  of  great  antiquity,  having  been 
a  place  of  resort  for  the  wealthy  Roman  families.  Pop.  of 
commune,  18,385.    See  Golf  of  Gaeta. 

Gaff'ney  City,  a  post-town  in  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C, 
20  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Spartanburg,  and  1  mile  from 
Limestone  Springs.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  canned  goods.    Pop.  1631. 

Gafsa,  Ghafsa,  gif s&,  or  Cafsa,  kifsi  (anc.  Cap'- 
»a),  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis,  74  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cabes. 

Gag  or  Gaga,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Gagy. 

Gage,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bordering 
on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  864  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Big  Nemaha  River.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the 
soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  of 
a  beautiful  cream  color,  and  a  good  building-stone,  crops  out 
on  the  Big  Blue  River  near  Beatrice.  This  county  contains 
extensive  prairies  and  has  not  much  timber.  It  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  Omaha  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Beatrice.  Pop.  in  1870,  3359;  in  1880,  13,164;  in 
1890,  36,344. 

Gage,  a  post-office  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y. 

Gage's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 

Gage'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Tuscola  township,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  237. 

Gage'town,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Fred- 
ericton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1282. 

Gage  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 

Gage'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  30  miles  S.  of 
Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  furnace  for  smelting  lead,  and  rich 
mines  of  lead  (galena).     Pop.  about  100. 

Gaggenau,  gig'gh§n-Sw\  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
Murg,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1301. 

Gagliano,  g&l-y&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila.     Pop.  1699. 

Gagliano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecoe,  on  the 
sea-coast,  near  the  extreme  S.E.  point  of  Italy.    Pop.  1963. 

Gagliano,  a  village  of  Sicily,  province  and  40  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  4133. 

Gagliavola,  gil-yi-vo'li  (L.  HaUavola),  a  village  o/ 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara,  on  th<. 
Agogna.     Pop.  738. 

Gagy,  g&'ghee.  Gag,  g&g,  or  Gaga,  g&'g&,  an  island 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  Gilolo  Passage.  Lat.  (N.  point' 
0°  20'  S.;  Ion.  129°  53'  E. 

Gahan'na,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

Gaibiel,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Gatbiel. 

Gaidaronisi,  grD&-ro-nee'see,  or  Gaitharonisi 
(anc.  Hyetu'sa),  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor, 
13  miles  S.  of  Samos.     Lat.  37°  28'  N, ;  Ion.  27°  E. 

Gaidaronisi  (anc.  Chryaef),  a  small  island  in  Turkey, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.  side  of  Crete.  Lat.  34°  38' 
N. ;  Ion.  25°  45'  E. 

Gaikwar's  Dominion.    See  Baroda. 

Gail,  ghll  (Slavonian,  Silla,  sil'li),  a  river  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Drave  near  Villach. 

Gaildorf,  ghil'doRf  \  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Kocher,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1460. 

Gaillac,  gih'yik'  or  giPyik',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  13  miles  by  rail  W,  of  Alby,  on  the  Tarn.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  manufactures  of  wine-casks  and  turned 
wares,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  6099. 

Gaillac  Tonlza,  gih^yik'  toorzi',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Garonne,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Muret.     Pop.  1972. 

Gaillan,  gih^yftu"'  or  giryfiNo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  1  mile  N.N.W.  of  Lesparre.     Pop.  2377. 

Gaillard's  (g&'Iardz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of 
Sumter  co.,  S.C. 

Gaillon,  gih'y6H»'  or  giryftw',  a  village  of  France,  m 
Eure,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Loaviers,  and  48  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Paris.     Pop.  3126. 

Gaines,  g&nz,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  bounded 
W.  by  New  Mexico. 

Gaines,  or  Gaines  Station,  a  post-village  of  Gene- 
see CO.,  Mich.,  in  Gaines  township,  on  the  Detroit  &>  Mi^ 


QAl 


1236 


OAli 


waukee  Railroad,  63  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Flint.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactnres  of  lumber  and  staves.  Pop.  in  1890,  304;  of 
the  township,  1735.     The  post-ofl5ce  is  Gaines  Station. 

Gaines,  a  township  oi  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  traversed  by 
the  railroad  from  Kalamazoo  to  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  1273. 

GaineS)  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gkiines 
township,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  250.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal. 
Pop.  2156. 

Gaines*  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek, 
and  in  Gaines  township,  46  miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  440. 

Gaines  Basin,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Gaines  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  1^  miles  from  Albion. 

Gainesborongh,  ganz'bur-rQh,  a  post- village,  capital 
of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Cumberland  River,  68  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  462. 

Gainesborongh,  Virginia.     See  Gainsborouoh. 

Gaines*  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahan- 
nock CO.,  Va.,  18  miles  W.  of  Warrenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Gaines  Farm,  a  hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Clinton. 

Gaines  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  9  miles  below  Arkansas  City. 

Gaines  Mill,  Virginia.    See  Cold  Harbor. 

Gaines  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  14  miles 
S.  of  Starkville.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill,  also  a 
ohuroh. 

Gaines  Station,  Michigan.    See  Gaines. 

Gainestown,  ganz't5wn,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  River,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Gainesville,  ganz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Noxu- 
bee, about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  is  the  E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Gainesville  Branch  of  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  national  bank,  5  churches,  the  Gainesville 
Female  Academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  8  dry-goods  stores. 
Pop.  in  1880,  960;  in  1890,  1017. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Ark., 
about  77  miles  E.N.E.  of  Batesville.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  <!fcc.  Pop.  about  400. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alachua  co., 
Fla.,  70  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  57  miles 
N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has  8  churches,  a  seminary,  2 
banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  cotton-press,  a  cotton-seed-oil 
factory,  and  an  ice-factory.  It  is  a  resort  for  invalids. 
Pop.  2790. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlanta  <fc  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  53  miles  N.E. 
of  Atlanta.  It  is  a  pleasant  place  of  summer  resort,  and 
has  increased  rapidly  since  1870.  Two  or  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  the 
Gainesville  College,  and  mineral  springs.    P.  (1890)  3202. 

Gainesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Gainesville,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Pearl  River,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  New  Orleans.  It 
Las  2  churches,  a  large  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  700. 

Gainesville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ozark  co..  Mo., 
about  65  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  cotton-gin. 

Gainesville,  a  post- village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.  in 
Gainesville  township,  55  miles  by  rail  (44  direct)  E.S.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  salt.  Pop.  about  500.  Gainesville  Station,  or 
East  Gainesville,  is  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Silver  Lake  Railroad,  which  extends  7  miles  to  Perry. 

Gainesville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex., 
about  6  miles  S.  of  the  Red  River,  and  34  miles  W.  of  Sher- 
man. It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  11  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  cotton-compress,  brick-works,  architectural  iron- 
works, and  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
in  1890,  6594. 

Gainesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  36 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

Gainesville  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Gainesville  township,  1  mile  from  Gainesville  Station. 

Gainfahrn,  Gainvarn,  ghin'faRn,  or  Confarn, 
kon'faRn,  a  village  of  Austria,  4  miles  from  Baden.   P.  1719. 

Gain 'ford,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on 
the  Tees,  7S  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Darlington.  Pop.  840; 
©f  parish,  7103. 

Gains'borough,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  Trent,  at  the  junction  of  several 


railways  and  canals.  The  town  is  densely  built,  clean 
and  well  paved  and  lighted.  It  has  a  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  town  hall,  neat  theatre,  a  curious  ancient  hall,  said  to 
have  been  a  palace  of  John  of  Gaunt,  and  a  workhouse. 
Chief  foreign  imports,  linseed,  rape-seed,  bones,  and  timber; 
exports,  Manchester,  Birmingham,  and  Sheffield  manufac- 
tures.    Pop.  7564. 

Gains'borongh,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Va., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Winchester.     It  has  2  churches 

Gairing,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Gajar. 

Gairloch,  gir'l9K,  a  branch  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  co. 
of  Dumbarton,  Scotland,  opposite  Greenock.  Length,  7 
miles. 

Gairloch,  Nova  Scotia.    See  New  Gairloch. 

Gairo,  ghi'ro,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  3  miles  from  La- 
nusei.     Pop.  1370. 

Gairsa,  gir'si,  or  Gairsay,  gir'si,  one  of  the  Ork- 
ney  Islands.     Length,  2  miles.     Pop.  71. 

Gais,  ghice,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Appenzell,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Q'ibris 
Mountains,  2900  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  2552. 

Gaitharonisi,  island.    See  Gaidaronisi. 

Gaither's,  ga'th^rz,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Gaithersbnrg,  ga'th^rz-biirg,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Geyandragharh,  India.  See  Gudjtjnturgurh. 

Gtuar,  goh'ySR',  or  Gairing,  ghi'ring',  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Presburg,  on 
the  Rndana.     Pop.  3603. 

Giydobra,  ghiMo'brSh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  7  miles  from  Palanka.     Pop.  2421. 

Gajera,  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Baroach.     P.  6239 

Gajssin,  or  Hfyssin,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia, 
20  miles  E.  of  Bratslav.     Pop.  9417. 

Gakova,  g6h'ko'v8h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
B^cs.     Pop.  2251. 

Galacz,  a  town  of  Moldavia.    See  Galatz. 

Galadzet  (g&-l&d-zdt')  Hills,  a  range  in  British  Bur 
mah,  100  miles  N.  of  Rangoon.  They  are  steep  and  rugged, 
and  extend  for  about  60  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Galam',  Kajaaga,  k&-j&'g&,  or  Gadiaga,  a  coan 
try  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  intersected  by  the  parallel  of 
14°  45'  N.  and  by  the  meridian  of  13°  10'  W.  It  occupies 
a  narrow  space  along  the  Senegal,  and  is  divided  by  the 
Falem6  into  two  parts,  of  which  the  W.  is  called  6076, 
Guog,  or  Lower  Galam,  and  the  E.  Kamera,  or  Upper  Galam. 
It  is  fertile,  and  rich  in  vegetable  products;  the  rivers 
abound  with  fish,  crocodiles,  and  hippopotami,  and  the  for- 
ests with  lions,  elephants,  wild  boars,  and  apes.  The  in- 
habitants are  an  industrious,  agricultural,  and  commercial 
people,  extensively  employed  as  carriers.  The  supreme 
power  is  conferred  according  to  the  principle  of  collateral 
succession,  but  the  authority  of  the  chief  is  restricted  by  ft 
national  council. 

Galam,  g&'l&m',  or  Fort  Saint  Joseph,  a  town  of 
West  Africa,  capital  of  the  above  country,  on  the  Senegal 
River. 

Galantha,  g&M&n't&\  a  village  of  Hungary,  29  miles  E 
of  Presburg.     Pop.  1600. 

Galapagos,  gi-14'p4-goce,  commonly  pronounced  in 
English  gal-la-pi'giis  (Ger.  Schildkroteninteln,  shilt'kro- 
ten-in's^ln,  or  "  Tortoise  Islands ;"  Fr.  Gallapagos,  giril'- 
pi^gos',  lies  de»  Tortues,  eel  di  toRHii',  "  Islands  of  the 
Tortoises"),  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  and 
near  the  equator,  between  Ion.  89°  and  92°  W.,  730  miles 
W.  of  the  coast  of  Ecuador,  South  America,  and  consisting 
of  6  principal  and  7  small  islands,  the  largest,  Albemarle 
Island,  being  60  miles  in  length  by  15  miles  in  breadth 
and  reaching  an  elevation  of  4000  feet.  All  are  volcanic, 
and  abound  in  lavas.  They  are  frequented  by  turtles  of 
enormous  size,  and  the  birds,  animals,  and  plants  are  gen- 
erally of  very  marked  and  peculiar  species.  On  Charles 
Island  a  small  colony  of  Ecuadorians  was  planted,  forming 
a  penal  settlement ;  but  the  group  is  now  nearly  unpeopled. 
The  principal  islands  are  Albemarlt,  indefatigable,  Cnatnam, 
Charles,  James,  Narborongh,  Hood,  Barrington,  Bindloes, 
and  Abingdon. 

Galapagos  Islands,  an  unimportant  group  of  the 
West  Indies,  Bahamas,  N.  of  Abaco. 

Galaroza,  gi-li-ro'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andaln«l»j    1 
58  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Huelva,  on  the  Martiga.     Pop.  1726.   / 

Galashiels,  gara-sheelz',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co«.^' 
Roxburgh  and  Selkirk,  at  a  railway  junction,  6  mil« 
W.N.W.  of  Melrose.    It  is  irregularly  built  of  stone  on  both 


GAL 


1237 


GAL 


hides  of  the  Gala,  and  has  2  branch  banks,  and  flourishing 
manufactures  of  stockings,  flannels,  blankets,  shawls, 
;weeds,  and  plaids.     Pop.  10,312. 

Galata,  gi'll-ti,  the  largest  suburb  of  Constantinople, 
)n  the  N.  side  of  the  Golden  Horn,  f  of  a  mile  W.  of  the 
Seraglio  Point.  It  is  about  4  miles  in  circumference, 
the  wall  which  divided  it  from  Pera  has  been  removed, 
jind  the  space  is  occupied  by  streets.  The  inhabitants  are 
uostly  European  Christians,  and  Galata  is  the  chief  seat 
i)f  the  foreign  trade  of  the  Turkish  capital.  It  has  Roman 
ilatholic,  Greek,  and  Armenian  churches,  a  remarkable 
lower  140  feet  in  height,  and  the  custom-house  for  the  port 
if  Constantinople.  Two  floating  bridges  connect  it  with 
,he  main  city. 

Galata,  a  village  and  oape  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Black 
iea,  i  miles  S.E.  of  Varna. 

Galata,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  ^Etolia,  W.  of  Lepanto, 
lear  the  Phidaris. 
Galatia,  Saline  co.,  111.    See  Gallatia. 
Galatone,  gi-l&-to'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
.7  miles  S.W.  of  Lecce.     It  has  a  castle,  several  convents, 
i,nd  manufactures  of  olive  oil.     Pop.  6559. 

Galatro,  g4-li'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
i  Calabria,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Palmi.     Pop.  1944. 

Galatz,  g3,'lits,  Galacz,  or  Galatch,  g3,'l3,tch  (anc. 
Ixiop'olis  ?),  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  on  the  left 

•  iiuk  of  the  Danube,  between  the  confluences  of  the  Sereth 
lid  the  Pruth  with  that  river,  and  on  the  Roumanian  Rail- 
jxj.     Lat.  45°  26'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  28°  2'  58"  E.     The  older 

k  .rts  of  the  town  consist  of  miserable  wooden  houses  or  huts, 
JonfuseJly  huddled  together  and  forming  a  series  of  nar- 
ijow,  filthy,  and  irregular  streets.  In  the  newer  quarters 
ijre  numerous  well-built  houses  of  stone.     There  are  here 

•  B  roral  Greek  churches,  a  convent,  a  hospital,  and  a  large 
'£zaar,  always  well  filled  with  merchandise.     The  lower 

J  rt  of  Galatz  consists  almost  entirely  of  warehouses,  but  is 
)1  drained  and  badly  paved.  Galatz  is  the  principal  port 
1  the  principality,  except  Brahilov,  and  a  medium  of  the 
3  nmeroe  carried  on  between  Germany  and  Constantinople, 
'cssels  of  300  tons  being  able  to  ascend  the  Danube  thus 
?ir.  Its  trade  was  formerly  in  the  hands  of  the  Greeks, 
tut  many  English  and  other  foreign  houses  have  estab- 
sbed  themselves  there.     The  principal  exports  are  grain, 

fine,  planks  and  deals,  wool,  tallow,  and  preserved  meats, 
(p.  (ofiicial  estimate,  1890)  59,143. 

1  Ga'la  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  Muir- 

K't  Hills,  CO.  of  Edinburgh,  flows  mostly  S.S.W.,  and  joins 

H!  Tweed  close  to  Abbotsford. 
Galaxidi,  gi-l&x'e-de  (ano.  CEn'the),  a  seaport  town  of 

reece,  in  Phocis,  on  the  Gulf  of  Salona,  12  miles  S.  of  Sa- 

|)t  a.     It  has  two  harbors,  and  was  one  of  the  most  flourish- 

w;  commercial  towns  in  Greece.     Pop.  4127. 
'Gral'braith's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Mo., 

p  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clinton. 
Gaidar,  gil-dan',  or  Galdas,  gil'dis,  a  village  of  the 

[ran  Canaria  Island,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  5  miles  N.W.  of 

ialmas.     Pop.  1956. 
Gale,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 
Gale,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.,  bounded  S. 

Y  the  Black  River.     Pop.  1745.     It  contains  Galesville. 
Galeata,  gi-li-i'tS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  on 

le  Ronco,  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ravenna.  Pop.  3934. 
Galega,  gk-Wgi.,  a  small  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
•E.  of  Madagascar.  Lat.  10°  29'  50"  S. ;  Ion.  56°  45'  E. 
Ga'len,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  5468.     It 

antains  the  village  of  Clyde. 

'  Gale'na,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  is  pic- 
resquely  situated  on  the  Galena  River,  6  miles  from  its 
trance  into  the  Mississippi.  By  railroad  it  is  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and  133  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Northern  division),  and 
a  terminus  of  the  Galena  <t  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad, 
.eamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place,  which  is 
mut  100  miles  by  water  above  Davenport,  Iowa.  The 
alena  River  here  flows   between  picturesque   limestone 

fufFs,  and  the  houses  are  built  on  several  terraces  at  various 
ovations.     Galena  contains   a  custom-house,  2  national 
finks,  a  high  school,  10  churches,  and  printing-offices  which 
[sue  a  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers ;  also  the  North- 
festern  German-English    Normal    School,   organized    in 
p68.    It  has  2  foundries  with  machine-shops,  2  steam 
our-mills,  2  furniture-factories,  a  planing-mill,  2  shoe-fac- 
mes,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     The 
.jinoipal  exports  are  lead  (mined  and  smelted  in  the  vicinity), 
(jnc,  dairy-products,  and  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  5635. 
Galena,  a  post- village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  N.W. 
New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 


Galena,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mich- 
igan line.     Pop.  833. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
from  Baxter  Springs.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  zrnc-smelting-works.    Pop.  in  1890, 2496. 

Galena,  a  post- village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  near  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Baltimore,  and  1  mile 
S.  of  the  Sassafras  River.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  seminary  for  girls,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  266. 

Galena,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stone  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
James  River,  aoout  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office  and  several  general  stores  and  business 
houses.   Lead  ore  (galena)  is  found  near  it.    Pop.  about  200. 

Galena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  2^  miles 
from  Scribner,  and  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fremont. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Lander  co.,  Nev.,  on  Reese 
River,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  is  15  miles  S.  of 
Battle  Mountain.     Gold,  silver,  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Berkshire 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-im- 
plements, and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Galena,  a  village  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.,  in  Brush  Creek 
township,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  large  tannery.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rarden. 

Galena,  a  mining  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D., 
among  the  Black  Hills,  about  200  miles  S.W.  of  Bismarck. 
It  has  mines  of  gold  and  silver,  2  saw-mills,  a  quartz-mill, 
and  a  smelting-fumace. 

Galena  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  lat.  37°  50'  N.,  Ion.  107°  34'  8"  W.  Its 
altitude  is  13,290  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Galenstock,  g&'l^n-stok^  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
cantons  of  Valais  and  Uri,  forming  by  its  N.E.  side  one  of 
the  barriers  of  the  magnificent  glacier  in  which  the  Rhone 
has  its  source.     Its  loftiest  summit  exceeds  11,000  feet. 

Galeo'ta  Point,  the  S.E.  point  of  the  island  of  Trin- 
idad, in  the  West  Indies.     Lat.  10°  9'  N.;  Ion.  60°  59'  W. 

Galera,  gk-Wrk,  a  deserted  but  picturesque  village  of 
Italy,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Rome,  on  the  Arrone. 

Galera,  gi-14'ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  pro7- 
ince  and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1960. 

Galera,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of  Tarragona,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  1408. 

Galera,  gi-li'ri,  a  river  of  Brazil,  in  Matto-Grosso, 
joins  the  Guapore  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Galera,  g&-li'ri,  a  point  in  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, 28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cartagena,  bounding  a  bay  of 
its  own  name  on  the  N.     Lat.  IC  61'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  25'  W. 

Galei;a,  gS,-li'r&,  an  island  of  the  Pacific,  one  of  the 
Solomon  Islands.     Lat.  9°  15'  S.j  Ion.  161°  30'  E. 

Gales,  the  Spanish  for  Wales. 

Galesburg,  gailz'biirg,  a  city  of  Knox  oo..  III.,  53 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria,  164  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  43 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  99  miles  N.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  is  directly  connected  with  all  these  cities  bj 
four  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, which  meet  here.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies, 
and  is  noted  for  its  educational  institutions.  It  contains 
about  15  churches,  a  high  school,  a  city  library  of  over  700C 
volumes,  3  national  and  2  state  banks,  the  Lombard  Uni- 
versity (Universalist),  which  was  founded  in  1857,  and 
Knox  College,  which  was  organized  in  1841  and  has  a 
library  of  about  7000  volumes.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  several  foundries 
and  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  corn- 
planters,  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  15,264. 

Galesburg,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Newton,  and  about  38  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Galesburg,  a  post-village  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Parsons.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Galesburg,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Comstock  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Kala- 
mazoo. It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  4  churches,  a 
flour- mill,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  windmill-factory,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  702. 

Galesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  6  mile" 
N.  of  Oronogo.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Galesburg,  Campbell  co.,  Va.     See  Pigeon  Run. 

Gales  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon 

Gale's  Crossing,  a  station  of  the  Fitchburg  A  Wor- 
cester Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 


GAL 


1238 


UAL 


Gale's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co.,  Conn,, 
on  the  rivor  Thames,  8  miles  below  Norwich,  and  i  mile 
from  Montville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Gales  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md,, 
on  the  Nanticoke  River,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Cambridge.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Galesville,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.     See  Gaylesville. 

Galesville,  gailz'vil,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Piatt 
CO.,  111.,  in  Sangamon  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah 
Railroad,  10  miles  from  Monticello,  and  150  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chicago. 

Galesville,  a  hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
West  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  about  75. 

Galesville,  New  York.     See  Middle  Falls. 

Galesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  40 
miles  S.  of  Roseburg. 

Galesville,  a  post-village  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis- 
consin, on  Beaver  Creek,  about  21  miles  N.  by  W.  of  La 
Crosse,  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winona.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Galesville  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was 
organized  in  1855.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.   Pop.  (1890)  537. 

Gale'ton,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Gaines.  It  has  3  churches,  public  schools,  a 
tannery,  &c.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gale'ville  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Shawangunk  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gale'wood,  a  village  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  8  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Chicago. 

Galga,  g4l'g5h\  a  river  of  Hungary,  joins  the  Zagyva 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Length,  40  miles. 

Galiano  (gi-le-&'no)  Island,  of  British  Columbia,  in 
Queen  Charlotte's  Sound.     Lat.  51°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  128°  2'  W. 

Galicia,  gal-ish'e-a  (Sp.  pron.  g&-lee'the-&  or  g&-lee'- 
se-i;  anc.  Gallie'cia,  the  country  of  the  Oallse'ci),  an  old 
province  of  Spain,  with  the  title  of  kingdom,  now  a  captain- 
generalcy,  forming  the  provinces  of  Corunna,  Lugo,  Orense, 
and  Pontevedra,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Peninsula, 
between  lat.  41°  50'  and  43°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  50'  and  9° 
15'  W.  Area,  10,876  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  generally 
mountainous,  and  its  principal  rivers  are  the  Minho,  Sil, 
and  Ulla.  The  forests  are  extensive,  and  feed  large  herds 
of  hogs.  There  are  also  good  pasture-lands  and  wide  tracts 
of  heath.  Chestnuts,  maize,  rye,  flax,  potatoes,  wheat,  bar- 
ley, and  inferior  wine  form  the  principal  vegetable  prod- 
ucts. The  first  compose  most  part  of  the  food  of  the  Gali- 
cians ;  the  rest  are  partly  exported.  Sheep  and  horses  are 
extensively  reared.  The  mineral  products  comprise  copper, 
lead,  tin,  antimony,  marble,  and  jasper.  The  mass  of  the 
Galicians,  or  Oallegoa,  are  poor  and  ignorant,  but  hardy 
and  industrious,  and  they  make  the  best  laborers,  soldiers, 

and  servants  in  the  Peninsula.     Pop.  1,976,086. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Galle'oan  (Spanish,  Galleoo,  g&l-y&'go)  and 
Galician,  gal-ish'e-an. 

Galicia,  gal-ish'e-a,  or  Kingdom  of  Austrian 
Poland  (Polish,  Haliez,  hi'litoh;  Hun.  Halics,  hi'litch^ ; 
Ger.  Oalizien,  g4-lit'se-§n),  a  province  of  Austria-Hungary, 
in  Cisleithania,  composed  of  the  titular  kingdom  of  Lodo- 
meria,  the  duchies  of  Auschwitz  and  Zator,  and  the  grand 
duchy  of  Cracow,  and  comprising  the  greater  part  of  Aus- 
trian Poland.  It  lies  between  lat.  47°  40'  and  50°  35'  N. 
and  Ion.  18°  55'  and  26°  25'  E. ;  bounded  N.  by  Poland, 
N.E.  and  E.  by  Russia,  S.E.  by  Bukowina,  S.  by  Hungary, 
and  W.  by  Moravia  and  a  small  portion  of  Prussian  Silesia ; 
greatest  length,  B.  to  W.,  325  miles ;  breadth,  towards  the 
E.,  where  the  widest,  a  little  W.  of  the  meridian  25°,  190 
miles,  thence  diminishing  westward.  Area,  30,307  square 
miles. 

Its  contour  is  generally  defined  by  natural  boundaries: 
on  the  S.  by  the  Carpathians,  which  form  a  long  and  irregu- 
lar curve  along  its  frontier;  N.W,  by  the  Vistula;  S.E.  by 
the  Bialy  Czeramos,  a  tributary  of  the  Pruth,  and  for  a  short 
distance  by  the  Dniester;  and  E.  by  the  Podhorce,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Dniester.  Part  of  the  N.  and  all  the  N.E.  are 
without  natural  boundaries.  The  great  physical  features 
of  the  country  are,  in  a  manner,  determined  by  the  Car- 
pathians and  their  ramifications.  The  loftiest  summit,  the 
Great  Kriwan,  has  a  height  of  8029  feet.  Ghilicia  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  great  watershed  which  divides  the  whole 
continent  of  Europe  into  two  great  basins.  The  chief  river 
on  the  N.  and  W.  of  this  watershed  is  the  Vistula,  which, 
before  quitting  the  frontier,  receives  the  Sola,  Raba,  united 
Poprad  and  Dunajec,  Wisloka,  and  San,  and  also  drains 
a  large  portion  of  the  E.  by  its  tributary  the  Bug.  The 
chief  rivers  on  the  other  side  are  the  Dniester,  which  rises 
near  the  centre  of  the  kingdom  and  flows  across  it  in  an 
E.S.E.  direction,  receiving  numerous  tributaries  on  both 


banks.  The  climate  is  severe,  particularly  in  the  S.,  where 
more  than  one  of  the  Carpathian  summits  are  beyond  the 
limit  of  perpetual  snow.  The  winters  are  long,  and  the 
summers  comparatively  short,  but  very  warm. 

In  the  more  mountainous  districts  the  soil  often  forms  a 
thin  covering  on  bleak  and  almost  barren  rocks,  where 
scanty  pasture  only  is  obtained.  In  other  parts  of  the  same 
districts  both  the  quality  and  depth  of  the  soil  improve,  the 
pastures  become  excellent,  and  many  magnificent  forests 
occur.  In  general,  where  the  elevation  is  small,  the  ground, 
more  especially  where  resting  on  limestone,  is  of  great  fer- 
tility and  yields  abundant  crops  of  corn  and  maize.  Hemp, 
flax,  and  tobacco  are  also  extensively  grown.  The  domestic 
animals  include  great  numbers  of  horned  cattle,  generally 
of  a  superior  description,  and  a  fine  hardy  breed  of  horses, 
well  adapted  for  cavalry.  Sheep,  goats,  swine,  bees,  and 
poultry  abound.  The  minerals  include  marble,  alabaster, 
petroleum,  copper,  calamine,  coal,  iron,  and  rock  salt.  The 
last  two  are  of  much  importance.  Iron  occurs  in  parts 
of  the  central  Carpathian  chain,  and  bog-iron  ore  is  fre- 
quently met  with  in  extensive  seams  on  the  plains.  The 
rock  salt  is  particularly  abundant,  stretching  in  continuoufi 
beds  for  nearly  250  miles  along  the  base  of  the  Carpathians 
Manufactures  have  latterly  made  much  progress,  spirits, 
wooden-ware,  potash,  tar,  paper,  leather,  pottery,  and  glass 
being  leading  articles  of  manufacture.  The  principal  ex- 
ports are  salt,  hides,  wool,  cattle,  wood,  coal,  anise-seed, 
linen,  and  brandy.  The  population  is  generally  of  Slavic 
race,  and  consists  of  two  principal  branches,  Polish  in  the 
W.  and  Russniak  (Little  Russian,  or  Ruthenian)  in  the  E. 
Of  religious  denominations  the  Roman  Catholic  is  the 
strongest,  but  many  of  its  members  are  of  the  Armenian  and 
Ruthenian  rites.  There  are  many  Jews  in  the  province,  and 
some  Protestant  and  Greek  Christians,  Educational  estab- 
lishments, both  for  superior  and  ordinary  instruction,  are 
numerous.  At  the  head  of  the  former  stand  the  Universities 
of  Cracow  and  Lemberg.  Schools  spread  over  the  whole 
country,  and  are  well  attended.  Cajjital,  Lemberg.  Pop. 
(1890)  6,607,816. Adj.  and  inhab.  Galician,  gal-ish'e-an. 

Ga'lien,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in  Galien 
township,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Niles,  and  79  miles  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banks,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  manufactory  "f 
handles  for  hoes,  forks,  <kc.     Pop.  492. 

Galien  River,  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which  drains 
part  of  Berrien  co.  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  New 
Buffalo. 

Gal'igher,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co,,  0. 

Gal'ilee  (L.  Oalila'a;  Gr.  TaXiKaia),  a  province  of  an- 
cient Palestine,  comprising  the  country  W.  of  the  Jordan, 
from  Samaria  nearly  to  Sidon,  together  with  both  shores  of 
the  Lake  of  Galilee  (or  Tiberias).  It  was  the  northernmost 
of  the  main  divisions  of  Palestine  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Christian  era.     For  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  see  Lake  ok  Taba- 

REEYAH. 

Gal'ilee,  a  township  of  Manitou  co.,  Mich.,  on  Great 
Beaver  Island,  in  Lake  Michigan.  It  is,  or  was,  a  Mormon 
settlement.     Pop.  163. 

Galinara,g3.-le-n4'ri  (anc.  Oallinaria),a,  small  island 
of  Italy,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Albenga. 

Galion,  gi'le-on  or  gi-le-on',  an  island  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Java  and  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura.  Lat. 
7°  S. ;  Ion.  114°  13'  E. 

Gal'ion,  a  city  of  Crawford  oo.,  0.,  at  the  junction 
2  railroads,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mansfield,  59  miles  N.  by 
B.  of  Columbus,  and  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crestline.     It  has  11 
churches,  3  national  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  2  machine  shops,  4  cigar-factories,  2  railroad-8l>op«> 
a  foundry,  a  steel-range-works,  brick-  and  tile-maohine-   , 
works,  a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  3  carriage-factorie*, »  !' 
wheel-factory,  saw-mills,  a  lounge-factory,  Ac.      Pop.  » 
1890,  6326. 

Galistes,  gi-lees't5s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
42  miles  N.N.W,  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1052. 

Galita,  gA'lee^ti  (anc.  Cal'athe  f),  an  island  of  «w 
Mediterranean,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis.  Lat.  37°  31  »•  > 
Ion.  8°  55'  E.  Between  it  and  the  mainland  are  tlie 
Sorelli  Rocks. 

Galitch,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Halicz. 

Gal  itch,  gi'litch,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  o" 
miles  N.E,  of  Kostroma,  on  Lake  Galitch.     Pop.  6620. 

Galiub,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Galyoob. 

Galiubijeh,  a  province  of  Egypt.   See  Galyoobebti 

Gal'ivant's  Ferry,  or  Gal'livant's  Ferry,  a  po 
township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1089. 

Galizien.     See  Galicia  (Austrian;.  , 

Galkot,  girkot'..  a  small  town  of  Nepaul,  confine  "- 


GAL 


1239 


GAL 


blroat  500  huts,  surrounding  the  house  of  the  chief,  lat. 
18°  17'  N.,  Ion.  88°  14'  E.,  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gorkha. 

Galkot)  a  territory  of  Nepaul.  It  is  very  small,  but 
rell  cultivated,  and  has  copper-  and  iron-mines. 

Galla,  or  Also-Galla,  4r8h5'-gil'16h\  a  village  of 
3ungary,  co.  of  Komorn,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Steinberg, 
Lbout  6  miles  from  Dotis.  Pop.  800. 
I  Gallseci  and  Gallsecia.  See  Galicia  (of  Spain). 
'  Gal'lagher's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex, 
\  Gal'Iagherville,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
'ennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Downingtown. 

Gal'laher,  a  station  in  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
oari  Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  Sedalia. 

Gal'laher's,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Jaltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  "W.  of  Fairmont. 

Gal'laher's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Gal'lant  Green,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md. 

Gallapagos,  the  French  name  of  Galapagos. 

Gallarate,  gll-li-ri't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  at  a  railway 
unction,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  with  cotton-mills. 
>op.  7576. 

Gallardon,  gd,r]aR^d6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure- 
t-Loir,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1671. 

Gallargnes,  giriaRg',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  12 
liles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nlmes.  Pop.  1947. 
I  Gallas,  gil'liz,  a  numerous  and  powerful  race,  chiefly 
n  labiting  a  territory  in  Eastern  Africa,  S.  of  Shoa,  but 
(iiipersed  in  great  numbers  over  the  countries  adjoining,  es- 
^ejially  N.  and  E.  They  are  divided  into  many  tribes,  but 
jri)  all  distinguished  by  the  same  general  characteristics, 
pioral  and  physical.  Their  color  varies  from  black  to  brown- 
3l .  yellow.  They  are  tall,  with  spare,  wiry,  and  muscular 
¥0  lies,  and  have  agreeable  countenances.  They  are  brave, 
(u  t  ferocious  and  cruel,  massacring  in  war  alike  young  and 
11(1,  male  and  female.  Their  language  is  spoken  through- 
mt  a  great  region.  They  are  in  a  low  state  of  heathenism, 
la  re  no  priests,  and  know  only  about  a  Being  to  whom,  on 
la  rticular  occasions,  they  sacrifice  a  cow  or  sheep ;  but  to 
P'>  N.  and  E.  many  are  Mohammedans  and  some  profess 
fhristianity.  They  are  not  negroes,  but  seem  to  be  allied 
a  language  and  blood  to  the  Kabyles  and  Copts. 
',  Sallatia,  or  Galatia,  gal-li'she-a,  a  post-village  of 
Valine  co.,  111.,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  El  Dorado.  It 
las  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  district  school.  Pop.  519.  It 
is  in  a  fine  fruit-growing  district. 

j  Gal'latin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
.roa  of  about  349  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
»y  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River, 
Ud  is  intersected  by  Saline  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
je\  el,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
oil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
jir)ducts.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  & 
Ki^bville  Railroad,  and  the  Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railroad, 
>o:h  of  which  communicate  with  Shawneetown,  the  capital 
>f  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,134;  in  1880,  12,861 :  in 
J8J0,  14,935. 

I  Gallatin,  a  small  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  is 
founded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Sagle  Creek.  Area,  130  square  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
pe  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
jtaple  products.  The  rock  which  lies  next  to  the  surface  is 
filurian  (Trenton)  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
m  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Warsaw. 
^p.  in  1870,  5074;  in  1880,  4832;  in  1890,  4611. 
i  Gallatin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Montana,  borders 
jn  Wyoming.  Area,  2295  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
ly  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Gallatin 
rork  of  the  Missouri,  which  unites  with  two  other  forks 
in  the  W.  border  of  the  county.  The  river  formed  by 
^is  junction  is  the  Missouri,  which  forms  part  of  the  W. 
ioundary.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  The  soil 
If  Gallatin  valley  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  oats, 
jrass,  Ac.  Mount  Gallatin,  in  this  county,  is  about  10,000 
pet  high.  Gold  and  coal  are  found  in  this  county.  A 
»rge  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  forests.  It  is  inter- 
Boted  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Bozeman. 
rop.  in  1870,  1578;  in  1880,  3643;  in  1890,  6246. 
I  Gallatin,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3790.  It 
pntains  Moscow. 

'i  Gallatin,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Da- 
iess  CO.,  Mo.,  on  Grand  River,  on  the  Southwestern 
'ranch  ofthe  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
>  the  Chillicothe  A  Omaha  Branch  Railroad,  76  miles  N.E. 
f  Leavenworth,  and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
w  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices, 

planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
Pd  wine     Pop.  in  1890,  1489. 


Gallatin,  or  Gallatin  City,  a  post  village  of  G«l. 
latin  CO.,  Montana,  is  situated  at  the  point  where  the  Qe,l- 
latin,  Jefferson,  and  Madison  Forks  unite  to  form  the  Mis- 
souri, 70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Gallatin,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1361. 
It  contains  Gallatinville,  Ac. 

Gallatin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
is  on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Cumberland  River.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  an  academy,  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  foundry, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  large  cotton-factory,  a  college,  and  manu- 
fkotories  of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2078. 

Gallatin  Range,  Montana,  a  range  of  mountains  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Gallatin  River,  composed,  says  Hayden, 
of  gneissic  and  quartzitio  beds  as  a  base,  with  a  great  thick- 
ness, 1700  to  1800  feet,  of  Lower  Silurian  strata  resting  un- 
conformably  upon  them.  The  carboniferous  limestones, 
which  are  very  hard,  form,  with  their  upturned  edges,  the 
very  summit  of  the  Gallatin  Range,  including  Bridger'a 
Peak,  Union  Peak,  Ac.  Bridger's  Peak  is  said  to  rise  about 
9000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Gallatin  River,  or  Gallatin  Fork  of  the  Mis- 
souri, rises  at  the  base  of  Mount  Gallatin,  in  Montana. 
It  runs  nearly  northward,  and  unites  with  the  Jefferson  Fork 
at  Gallatin.  The  length  is  estimated  at  170  miles.  It  runs 
in  a  deep  and  narrow  caSon  70  miles  long,  between  vertical 
walls  which  in  some  places  are  2000  feet  high.  The  rooks 
that  crop  out  here  are  Silurian,  Carboniferous,  and  Jurassic 
limestones.  "  The  Gallatin  River,"  says  Hayden,  "  seems  as 
it  were  to  be  crowded  in  between  the  two  great  rivers  the 
Yellowstone  and  the  Madison,  and  it  has  therefore  cut  a 
continuous  gorge  through  the  rocks  for  more  than  70  miles, 
with  walls  on  either  side  rising  from  1000  to  2000  feet.  As 
a  geological  section  it  has  hardly  a  parallel  in  the  West." 
The  valley  through  which  the  river  flows  after  it  has  emerged 
from  this  canon  is  described  by  him  in  these  terms :  "  Id 
beauty  and  fertility  the  valley  of  the  Gallatin  surpasses  all 
others  in  Montana  which  have  come  within  the  limits  of  our 
explorations." 

Gal'Iatinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rhinebeck  A  Connecticut  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Rondout. 

GalMaudet',  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Indianapolis. 

Gal'Iauher,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  252. 

Gal'laway,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  28 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  3  churches. 

Galle,  or  Point  de  Galle,  point  de  g&l,  formerly 
Punto  Gallo,  poon'to  g&l'lo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  S.W.  coast.  It  has  steam  and  telegraph  communi- 
cation with  Australia,  India,  and  Europe,  and  is  a  place  of 
much  commercial  importance.     Pop.  47,754. 

Gallego,  gil-yi'go,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyre- 
nees, and  joins  the  Ebro  about  1  mile  below  Saragossa, 
after  a  southward  course  of  80  miles. 

Gallego,  the  Spanish  name  of  Galicia. 

Gallegos,  gil-yi'goce,  a  small  and  rapid  river  of  Pata- 
gonia, enters  the  Atlantic,  opposite  the  Falkland  Islands,  in 
lat.  51°  33'  S.,  Ion.  69°  W. 

Gallenkirch,  g&l'l^n-kgeRK^  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Tyrol,  about  35  miles  from  Feldkirch.     Pop.  1560. 

Galles,  the  French  for  Wales. 

Gallese,  g&l-l&'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Viterbo.  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Fescen'nmm.     Pop.  1378. 

GaPleyhead',  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Cork,  between  the  Bays  of  Ross  and  Clonakilty. 

Gallia,  an  ancient  name  of  France. 

Gal'lia,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  West  Virginia,  and  is 
intersected  by  Raccoon  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Cam- 
paign and  Symmes  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly, 
and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  buckeye,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and 
carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Columbus, 
Hocking  Valley  A  Toledo  Railroad  and  the  Kanawha  A 
Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Gallipolis.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,545;  in  1880,  28,124;  in  1890,  27,006. 

Gallia  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  oo.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  an  academy  and  an  iron- 
furnace.     Pop.  200. 


GAL 


1240 


GAL 


Galliano,  g&l-le-&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  S.E.  of  Como, 
has  a  curious  Lombard  church,  with  inscriptionfl  of  the  fourth 
and  frescoes  of  the  eleventh  century. 

Galliate,  g&l-le-3,'t^,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
4i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  of  commune,  7018. 

Gallica  Flavia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Fraga. 

Gallicana,  gil-le-k&'nd,,  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  E. 
of  Rome.     Pop.  1221. 

Gallicano,  gil-le-ki'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Lucca,  near  the  Serchio.     Pop.  2933. 

Gallico,  gil'lo-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  near 
the  W.  coast,  provii-ce  and  6  miles  N.  of  Reggio.     P.  4265. 

Gallicnm  Fretum.     See  Strait  op  Dover. 

Gallicus  Oceanus.    See  Bay  op  Biscay. 

Gallicus  Sinus,  the  ancient  name  of  Gulf  op  Lyons. 

Gallignana,  g^l-leen-y&'ni,  or  Galliniana,  g3,l-Ie- 
ne-i'n4,  a  town  of  Austria,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Triest. 

Gallina,  gi1-lee'n&,  or  Gallinhas,  gil-Ieen'yis,  an 
island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  one  of  the  Bissagos  group. 

Gallinaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Galinara. 

Gallinas,  gil-lee'nis,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  falling 
into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  7°  N.,  Ion.  11°  38'  W.,  and  formerly 
noted  for  the  number  of  slaves  shipped  from  it. 

Gallinas  (g&l-lee'n&s)  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  San 
Miguel  CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  F6. 

Gallipoli,  gil-lip'o-le  (anc.  Callip'olis),  a  seaport  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
peninsula  of  Gallipoli,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora, 132  miles  W.S.W.  of  Constantinople.  Lat.  40°  24' 
N. ;  Ion.  26°  40'  E.  Pop.  about  20,000.  It  has  two  ports, 
and  is  the  principal  station  of  the  Turkish  fleet.  The  town 
is  ill  built  and  dirty,  but  has  extensive  bazaars.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  and  earthenwares,  and  of  the 
best  morocco  leather  made  in  Turkey.  It  is  a  Greek  bish- 
op's see,  and  the  residence  of  a  oapidanpasha. 

The  Peninsula  of  Gallipoli  (anc.  Thra'cica  Ghenone'- 
tua)  is  situated  between  lat.  40°  3'  and  40°  38'  N.  and 
Ion.  26°  10'  and  27°  E.,  extending  S.W.,  separating  the 
Hellespont  on  the  S.E.  from  the  jEgean  Sea  and  Gulf  of 
Saros  on  the  W.  and  N.  Length,  63  miles ;  breadth,  from  4 
to  13  miles. 

Gallipoli,  gil-lip'o-le  (anc.  OalUp'olis),  a  fortified  sea- 
port town  of  Naples,  province  of  Lecce,  29  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Otranto,  on  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  con- 
nected by  a  bridge  with  its  suburb  Lizza  on  the  mainland. 
It  is  well  built,  has  a  cathedral  and  a  castle,  and  is  noted  for 
its  extensive  cisterns  excavated  in  the  rock  and  used  for 
storing  olive  oil.  One  mile  W.  is  the  island  of  Sant'  An- 
drea, between  which  and  the  town  is  a  harbor,  with  from 
10  to  12  fathoms  of  water.  This  port  is  one  of  the  most  fre- 
quented in  Southern  Italy,  as  the  great  mart  for  the  oil  of 
Apulia.  The  town  has  also  manufactures  of  muslins,  wool- 
lens, and  cotton  hosiery,  a  tunny-fishery,  and  an  active  trade 
in  com,  wine,  and  fruits.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Here  the 
date-palm  grows.     Pop.  9951. 

Gallipolis,  galHe-po-leece',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Gallia 
•w.,  0.,  is  in  Gallipolis  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about 
20  miles  below  Pomeroy,  and  56  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Columbas,  Hooking  Valley  & 
Toledo  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  or  9  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school,  the  Gallia 
Academy,  several  steam  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  leather,  lumber,  brooms,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods. 
One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4498 ;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city, 
861.     It  was  settled  by  the  French. 

Gallisteo,  gJll-lis't^-o,  a  post-oflBce  of  Santa  F6  co.. 
New  Mexico,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Santa  F6. 

Gallit'zin,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona,  and  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Cresson.  It  is  at  the  W.  end  of  the  great 
tunnel  through  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  It  has  2  churches, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  oflSce.  and  manufactures  of  coke. 
€oal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2392. 

Gallivant's  Ferry,  S.C.    See  Galiv ant's  Ferry. 

Gall'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
railroad  from  New  Orleans  to  Jackson,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of 
the  latter.     It  has  a  church  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Gallneukirchen,  gil'noi-kegRK^^n,  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Steyeregg.     Pop.  1125. 

GalUoo'  (or  Galloup,  gaPloo')  Island,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.T.,  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Gallonpe's  (gal'loops)  Island,  Suffolk  co.,  Mass., 
lies  in  the  outer  harbor  of  Boston. 

Gal'loway,  a  district  comprising  the  counties  of  Wig- 
town and  Kirkcudbright,  Scotland.  It  gives  the  title  of 
*iarl  to  the  Stewart  family. 


Gal'loway,  a  station  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  on  th« 
Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Little  Rook. 

Galloway,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.    Pop.  480. 

Galloway,  a  township  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  bordering 
on  the  Atlantic,  and  on  Egg  Harbor  River  and  Great  Bay. 
Pop.  2860.     It  contains  Oceanville,  Leeds  Point,  Ac. 

Galloway,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in  Prairie 
township,  on  the  Columbus,  Springfield  &  Cincinnati  Short- 
Line  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churchee 
and  a  graded  school. 

Gall,  St.,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.     See  Saint  Gall. 

Gallucio,  gil-loo'cho,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3110. 

Gal'Iup,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillo  co..  New  Mexico, 
158  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  coal-mines.  Pop. 
in  1890, 1208. 

Gal'lapville,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.T,,  in 
Wright  township,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Albany.  Tt  is  5 
miles  E.  of  Schoharie  Court-House.  It  has  3  churches, 
nearly  40  houses,  and  a  tannery. 

Gallura,  g&l-loo'r&,  one  of  the  four  quarters  into  which 
the  island  of  Sardinia  was  divided  in  the  Middle  Ages.  It 
occupied  the  most  northern  part  of  the  island. 

Galluzzo,  g&l-loot'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  3 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  14,133. 

Galmis,  the  German  for  Charmey. 

Galoengong,  g&Moon^gong',  or  Galongong,g&Mon 
gong',  a  volcano  of  Java,  not  far  S.  of  Batavia.     No  erup 
tion  of  this  mountain  was  on  record,  or  in  the  recollection 
of  the  inhabitants  around,  till  October  8, 1822,  when  a  fear- 
ful outburst  took  place  and  a  large  district  was  laid  waste. 

Galofaro,  ga-lo-fl'ro  (anc.  Charyh'dief),  a  famouj 
whirlpool,  immediately  outside  of  the  harbor  of  Messina,  in 
the  strait  between  Italy  and  Sicily,  near  Cape  Faro.  Op- 
posite to  it,  on  the  coast  of  Italy,  is  the  rock  of  Scylla. 

Galoppe,  the  French  name  of  Gulpen. 

Gal  OS,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Gols. 

Galsa,  gM'soh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.and  about  12 
miles  from  Arad.     Pop.  2160. 

Galston,  gaws'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kilmarnock.  Weaving  and  coal-mining 
are  the  leading  industries.     Pop.  4727. 

Gait,  gawlt,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Sacramento,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Amador  Branch  Railroad. 

Gait,  a  post- village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Sterling.  It  ha«  a 
high  school  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and  machinery. 

Gait,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Frederick  * 
Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Taneytown. 

Gait,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  13  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  653. 

Gait,  gawlt,  a  post-town  of  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  at  a 
railway  junction,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hamilton.  The  town 
has  a  heavy  trade,  6  or  more  churches,  3  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  large  manufactures  of  flour,  axes,  paper, 
castings,  wooden-ware,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  3827. 

Galtee  or  Galty  (gawl'tee)  Mountains,  of  Ireland, 
in  Munster,  extend  E.  and  W.  for  about  20  miles. 

Galtelli,  gil-til'le,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
67  miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  798. 

Gait's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Ga'lum,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  III.,  on  the  Wabash, 
Chester  A  Western  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Chester,  111. 

Gal'va,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  48  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Peoria,  and  141  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  a  high  school,  9  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  Ac.   Pop.  in  1890,  2409. 

Galva,  a  post-village  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa.,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  N.  of  Sac  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Galva,  a  post- village  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  7  milej 
by  rail  E.  of  McPherson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  380. 

Galveas,  gil-vi'4s,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemt^o, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1417. 

Gal'veston,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  TexM,  u 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Galveston  Bay,  and  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  640  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  neariy  level,  and  the  soil  is  sandy.  This  county  include* 
a  long  narrow  island,  called  Galveston,  which  lies  b«t^«f° 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  West  Bay.  It  is  intersected  b-^; 
the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6  Railroad  and  thelnte'^ 
national  A  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Galveston 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,290;  in  1880,  24,121 ,-  in  1890,  31,476. 


GJlL' 


1241 


GAM 


Galveston,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
Sownship,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
[6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  pump-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  about  550. 
J  Galveston,  a  port  of  entry,  the  seat  of  justice  of  Gal- 
veston CO.,  and  the  most  populous  and  commercial  city  of 
Texas,  is  situated  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  an  island 
at  the  mouth  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  about  550  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  New  Orleans.  It  is  214  miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of 
'Austin  City,  Lat.  29°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  50'  W.  The  island 
bf  Galveston,  which  separates  the  bay  from  the  Gulf  of 
[Mexico,  is  about  30  miles  in  length  and  3  miles  in  breadth. 
JThe  surface  is  level,  and  has  a  mean  elevation  of  only  7  or 
&  feet  above  the  water.  The  bay  extends  northward  from 
the  city  to  the  mouth  of  Trinity  River,  a  distance  of  35 
miles,  and  varies  in  breadth  from  12  to  18  miles.  The  har- 
bor of  Galveston,  which  is  the  best  in  the  state,  has  12  or 
14  feet  of  water  over  the  bar  at  low  tide.  Galveston  is  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  ports  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
arries  on  an  active  trade.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are 
icotton,  hides,  grain,  and  flour.  Steamships  make  regular 
jjiassages  from  this  port  to  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Morgan 
City,  Havana,  Liverpool,  &c.  Galveston  contains  about  30 
churches,  a  Catholic  cathedral,  a  city  hall,  a  custom-house, 
|a  United  States  court-house,  a  theatre,  an  opera-house,  a 
ipublio  library,  a  large  city  hospital,  a  cotton  exchange,  3 
juational  banks,  several  other  banks,  3  iron-foundries,  a  steam 
'four-mill,  several  machine-shops,  planing-mills,  cigar- 
if  wtories,  and  2  grain-elevators.  It  has  60  miles  of  street 
jtailway  operated  by  electricity.  Three  daily  newspapers 
8 re  published  here.  This  city  is  the  seat  of  the  University 
cf  St.  Mary  (Catholic)  and  of  the  Texas  Medical  College. 
lit  is  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Galveston,  Houston  &  Hen- 
Icerson  Railroad,  and  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F€ 
jRailroad.  The  value  of  the  annual  exports  is  about 
!|  33,000,000.  The  quantity  of  cotton  received  here  in  a 
ijear  is  nearly  1,000,000  bales.  Galveston  is  a  Catholic 
llishop's  see.  Pop.  in  1860,  7307;  in  1870, 13,818;  in  1880, 
122,248;  in  1890,  29,084. 

j  Galveston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsylvania  co„  Va.,  on 
tie  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Danville. 
I  Galveston  Bay,  Texas,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of 
jJlcxico,  from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  Galveston 
Jdand.  It  extends  northward  from  the  city  of  Galveston 
Jaaout  35  miles,  and  has  an  area  of  450  square  mileg.  The 
Irinity  River  enters  it  at  the  northern  end. 

Galvez,  gil'vfith,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
3.W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  manufactures  of  serge.     Pop.  2795. 

Galvez,  a  group  of  islands.  See  Hapai, 
i  Galway,  gawl'way,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  in 
&)nnaught,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Atlantic,  Area,  2342 
'fc  uare  miles.  The  surface  in  the  W.  includes  Lakes  Cor- 
rib  and  Mask,  and  the  district  of  Connemara,  one  of  the 
iffildest  and  most  mountainous  in  Ireland,  with  a  sea-coast 
;i(i€^ly  indented  with  inlets.  In  the  E.  it  is  mostly  flat  and 
iterile,  but  interspersed  with  bogs.  Chief  rivers,  the  Shan- 
non, which  bounds  the  county  on  the  S.B.,  the  Black,  and 
(the  Suck,  The  fisheries  are  valuable.  The  Irish  language 
is  in  many  districts  universal.  The  county  is  the  second  in 
^xtent  in  Ireland,  Capital,  Galway.  It  sends  four  mem- 
jbers  to  the  House  of  Commons, — two  for  the  county  and  two 
jfor  the  chief  town.  Pop.  in  1881,  242,005  ;  in  1891,  214,256. 
!  Galway,  a  town  and  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
capital  of  the  above  county,  is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
fialway  Bay,  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Midland  Great 
Western  Railway,  117  miles  W,  of  Dublin,  lat,  (light)  53° 
lb'  12"  N.,  Ion.  9°  3'  30"  W.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Corrib, 
issuing  from  Lough  Corrib,  and  across  which  there  are  two 
'Stone  bridges.  In  the  more  ancient  parts  of  the  town  the 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  but  in  the  modern  portions 
the  streets  are  spacious  and  the  houses  in  general  handsome 
and  substantial.  The  town  is  well  lighted  with  gas,  and  is 
Abundantly  supplied  with  water.  The  principal  buildings 
^re  the  Queen's  College,  a  beautiful  structure  in  the  Eliza- 
bethan style,  the  collegiate  church  of  St,  Nicholas,  a  large 
pld  edifice  in  the  decorated  English  style,  a  Catholic  cathe- 
dral, monasteries,  nunneries,  Presbyterian  and  Methodist 
meeting-houses,  the  county  and  town  court-houses,  both 
handsome  Grecian  structures,  the  prisons,  the  county  in- 
firmary, fever  hospital,  an  endowed  and  a  charter  school, 
^  custom-house,  the  union  workhouse,  and  barracks. 
The  buildings  of  the  Franciscan  Nunnery,  or  Convent  of 
pt.  Clare,  and  of  the  Presentation  Convent,  are  extensive 
and  imposing.  The  grammar-school  is  a  spacious  and  neat 
atructure.  The  benevolent  and  charitable  institutions  are 
jtho  town  infirmary  and  dispensary  and  the  fever  hospital, 
walway  is  not  a  manufacturing  place,  but  there  are  brew- 
I  79 


eries,  distilleries,  iodine-  and  salt-works,  a  paper-mill,  a 
foundry,  a  tan-yard,  and  several  flour-mills  in  the  town  and 
its  vicinity.  Its  retail  trade  is  considerable.  The  com- 
merce of  the  port  vras  at  one  time  extensive,  but  has  now 
declined.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  flour,  kelp,  mar- 
ble, wool,  and  provisions ;  imports,  timber,  wine,  salt,  coal, 
hemp,  tallow,  and  Swedish  and  British  iron.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see  (Roman  Catholic),  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Cornb, 
and  forming  a  suburb,  is  a  large  fishing  village,  called  Clad- 
dagh,  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  and  primitive  race  of  people. 
The  borough  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Galway  was  conquered  in  1232  by  the  Anglo-Normans  under 
De  Burgh,  many  of  whose  descendants  still  reside  in  the 
town.  During  the  Middle  Ages  it  had  a  flourishing  trade 
with  Spain,  whence  the  Moorish  character  of  its  architecture. 
Pop.  in  1841,  17,275;  in  1881,  15,471;  in  1891,  13,746. 

Galway,  gawl'way,  a  handsome  post- village  of  Saratoga 
CO.,  N.Y,,  in  Galway  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Ballston  Spa, 
It  contains  3  churches  and  about  45  houses.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1946. 

Galway,  a  village  of  Tennessee,    See  Galloway, 

Galway  Bay,  on  the  W,  coast  of  Ireland,  about  18 
miles  broad  at  its  mouth,  and  about  20  miles  long  from  E, 
to  W.     It  is  protected  by  the  Arran  Isles, . 

Galwen,  g&l-wSn',  a  town  of  Eastern  Africa,  in  the 
region  S,  of  Abyssinia,  on  a  river,  near  lat,  1°  43'  N.,  Ion. 
44°  35'  E, .  Pop.  9000  (?). 

Galyoob,  Galiub,  gi-le-oob',  or  Kalyoob,  ki-le- 
oob',  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  the  Galyoobeeyeh  province, 
at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Galyoobeeyeh,  Galiubvjeh,  g4l-yoo-bee'y§h,  or 
Kalyoobee'yeh,  a  province  in  the  Delta  of  Egypt. 
Chief  town,  Benha.     Capital,  Galyoob,     Pop.  188,275. 

Gamaches,  g&^m3,sh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  14 
miles  S.W,  of  Abbeville,  on  the  Bresle,     Pop,  1840, 

Gamalero,  gk-mi-Wro,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1622. 

Gama'liel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  28  miles 
S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Gambalarum,  ga,m-bi-li'rum,  a  river  of  Africa,  in 
Soodan,  falling  into  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Chad,  after 
a  course  of  about  85  miles,  direct  distance. 

Gambara,  glm-h&'rk,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  19 
miles  S.  of  Brescia.     Pop,  2603, 

Gambarare,  gi,m-h&-T&' rk,  or  Gambararo,  g&m- 
hk-rk'TO,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  W,  of  Venice,     P.  3805. 

Gambaroo,  gim-bi-roo',  a  ruined  town  of  Borneo,  on 
the  Yeoo,  5  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Birnee,  It  was  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  sultans  of  Borneo. 

Gambatesa,  g&m-b&-td,'sd,,  or  Gambetesa,  g&m- 
bi-td'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Campobasso.     Pop,  3257, 

Gambia,  gim'be-a  (the  Stachir  of  Ptolemy),  a  river  of 
Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  the  centre  of  which  region 
it  traverses,  entering  the  Atlantic  at  Bathurst,  110  miles 
S.E,  of  Cape  Verd,  in  lat,  13°  28'  N.,  Ion.  16°  36'  "W.,  after 
a  W,N,W,  course  estimated  at  upwards  of  1000  miles.  At 
its  mouth  it  is  about  4  miles  across,  but  immediately  within 
this  its  width  is  doubled,  and  a  ship  may  ascend  it  for  about 
150  miles.  It  has  numerous  affluents,  and  the  Casamanza, 
which  enters  the  Atlantic  about  60  miles  farther  S,,  is  con- 
sidered one  of  its  arms. 

Gambia,  a  British  colony  of  Western  Africa,  consist- 
ing of  the  island  of  St.  Mary,  with  the  town  of  Bathurst, 
&Q.,  together  with  British  Combo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Gambia,  and  several  forts  on  its  banks,  along  which  British 
Influence  extends.  Area,  21  square  miles.  It  is  stated  to 
be  the  most  healthy  European  settlement  in  Western  Africa, 
and  has  a  flourishing  trade.  Its  exports  include  wax,  hides, 
ivory,  oil-seeds,  cocoanuts,  ginger,  copal,  gold-dust,  rice, 
palm  oil,  horns,  and  timber.  Formerly  a  member  of  the 
colonial  West  Africa  Settlements,  it  became  an  independent 
colony  in  1888.     Capital,  Bathurst.     Pop.  (1891)  14,266. 

Gambler,  gam'beer',  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0., 
in  College  township,  on  the  Vernon  River,  and  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  6  miles  E,  of 
Mount  Vernon,  and  51  miles  N,E.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches  and  Kenyon  College  (Protestant  Episcopal), 
which  was  organized  in  1826  and  has  a  library  of  12,000 
volumes.     Pop.  581, 

Gam'bier^  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat. 
23°  8'  S,,  Ion,  134°  55'  W,,  consisting  of  five  large  islands 
and  several  small  islets  in  a  coral  reef  lagoon.  They  are 
under  French  protection.     Pop.  1600, 

Gambier  Islands,  a  group  in  Spencer  Gulf,  Soath 
Australia,  Wedge  Island,  the  largest,  is  in  lat.  36°  12'  S^ 
Ion,  136°  30'  E, 


GAM 


1242 


GAW 


Gam'ble,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Biddle 
Btreet  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  St.  Louis. 

Gamble's^  a  post-oflSce  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Gamble's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Gamble's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Gambolo,  g&m'bo-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.B. 
of  Norara.     Pop.  6595. 

Gam 'brill's,  a  station  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Annapolis  &  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Annapolis. 

Gambroon,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gohbroon. 

Gameren,  gi'm§h-ren,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Golderland,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Thiel,  on  the  Waal. 

Gamka,  g&m'k^,  or  Great  Lion,  a  river  of  South 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  rises  near  Beaufort,  lat.  32°  24'  S., 
Ion.  22°  48'  E.,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Dwyka  River  to 
form  the  Gauritz. 

Gamla  Karleby,  gim'li  k4R'l?h-bu  {i.e.,  "Old 
Karleby"),  a  town  of  Finland,  laen  and  68  miles  N.E.  of 
Vasa,  1  mile  from  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Pop.  2104.  New 
Karleby  (or  Nykarlebt,  nii-kaR'l§h-bii)  is  a  maritime 
town,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Vasa!     Pop.  1198. 

Gammertingen,  g4m'm§r-ting*§n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hohenzollern,  11  miles  N.  of  Sigmaringen.     Pop.  1181. 

Gamrie,  gam'ree,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  on 
the  North  Sea,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Banff. 

Gam  run,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gombroos. 

Gamshurst,  g&ms'hS$Rst,  a  village  of  Baden,  in  a 
marshy  and  unhealthy  district  N.  of  Offenburg.    Pop.  1207. 

Gan,  gftu",  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- Pyr^n^es,  4 
miles  S.  of  Pau.     Pop.  896. 

Gananoque,  gan-an-Ok',  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Gananoque,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Kingston. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  great  water-power,  and  varied 
manufactures.     Pop.  2020. 

Ganat,  g&^n&t',  or  Janat,  j&^n&t',  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
Fezzan,  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moorzook. 

Gand,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Ghent. 

Gandapoor,  ginMi-poor',  a  town  of  India,  presi- 
dency of  Bombay,  62  miles  N.  of  Ahmednuggur. 

Gande  (Gandavum),  a  city  of  Belgium.  See  Ghent. 

Gandellino,  g&n-ddl-lee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles 
from  Clusone,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1127. 

Gandersheim,  g3,n'd9rs-hime\  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Brunswick,  on  the  Gande,  36  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Brunswick.     Pop.  2454. 

Gandesa,  g&n-d&'s&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2705. 

Gandia,  gin'de-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Valencia,  near  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  6473.  It  has  a  fine  collegiate  church,  a  college,  and  a 
palace  of  the  Duke  of  Gandia. 

Gandicotta,  g&n-de-kot't&,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Madras,  on  the  Pennar,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Cuddapah. 

Gandino,  g&n-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  3622. 

Gandiolle,  g6N<»Me-oll',  a  village  of  Western  Africa, 
at  the  month  of  the  Senegal  River,  10  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  is  under  French  control. 

Gandja,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yelisavetpol. 

Gan'do,  an  extensive  and  fertile  Mohammedan  king- 
dom of  Africa,  in  the  Soodan,  one  of  the  largest  of  the 
native  /ifi-ican  countries,  traversed  by  the  Niger,  and  com- 
prising many  minor  states.  Estimated  area,  82,000  square 
miles.  In  its  N.E.  portion  stands  Gando,  the  capital,  a 
large  town,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Saccatoo.  The  dominant 
peoples  are  of  the  Foolah  and  Houssa  stocks,  which  are 
distinct,  though  often  confounded.     Pop.  about  5,800,000. 

Gands,  and  Gandwana.    See  Gundwana. 

Gan'dy,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  Neb.,  about 
42  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Broken  Bow.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  635. 

Gangala,  gin-gi'li,  an  island  of  Western  Africa,  in 
the  Falemg.     Lat.  14°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  12'  W. 

Gangalandi,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Lastra. 

Ganges,  g&n'j6z  (Fr.  Gauge,  giNzh ;  Hindoo,  Gunga, 
or  Oanga,  gung'gi,  so  called  as  flowing  through  Gang,  the 
earth,  to  heaven),  the  principal  river  of  India,  through  the 
N.  part  of  which  it  flows  from  W.  to  E.,  traversing  the  North- 
West  Provinces  and  Bengal.  It  rises  by  two  principal  heads, 
Bhagirathi  and  Alakananda,  in  lat.  31°  N.  and  Ion.  79°  E., 
from  an  immense  mass  of  snow,  at  an  elevation  of  1 3,000  feet, 
flows  at  first  S.W.  to  Ilurdwar,  and  thenceforward  mostly 
,  E.S.E.  to  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  which  it  enters  by  numerous 
mouths,  after  having  united  with  the  Brahmapootra  in  a 


common  delta-system  of  vast  extent  and  most  complicated 
character.  The  total  length  of  the  Ganges  is  estimated  at 
1960  miles.  In  its  course  it  receives  11  affluents,  some  of 
which  are  equal  to  the  Rhine ;  the  principal  are  the  Jumna, 
Ramgunga,  Goomty,  Goggra,  Sone,  Gunduck,  Cosi,  Ma- 
hanunda,  and  Attri,  which  have  courses  varying  from 
300  to  600  miles  in  length.  Between  Hurdwar  and  Alla- 
habad it  is  usually  from  1  to  IJ  miles  across ;  below  which 
its  breadth  increases  frequently  to  3  miles,  and  at  500  miles 
from  the  sea  it  is  30  feet  in  depth,  and  so  continues  to  near 
its  mouth,  where,  however,  the  quantity  of  deposit  it  brings 
down  often  forms  bars  and  shoals. 

About  200  miles  from  the  sea  the  delta  of  the  Ganges, 
which  is  considerably  more  than  double  that  of  the  Nile 
commences.  It  is  a  flat  alluvial  tract  of  from  80  to  200 
miles  in  breadth.  The  S.  extremity,  or  that  part  which 
borders  on  the  sea,  is  known  as  the  Sunderbunds,  a  dreary, 
unhealthy  region,  covered  with  wood  and  broken  up  by 
numerous  creeks  and  rivers,  many  of  which  are  salt.  The 
whole  coast  of  the  delta  is  one  mass  of  mud-banks,  which 
are  continually  shifting,  and  among  which  there  are  several 
large  mouths,  which  ships  of  burden  can  safely  enter. 

The  periodical  inundation  of  the  Ganges,  which  commences 
about  the  end  of  April  or  the  beginning  of  May,  proceeds 
from  the  tropical  rains  which  begin  to  fall  about  that  period. 
The  rise  of  the  river  is  at  first  slow  and  gradual,  not  exceed- 
ing an  inch  a  day  for  the  first  fortnight.  Afterwards  it  in- 
creases to  3  or  4  inches,  and  latterly,  when  the  rains  have 
become  general  in  all  the  countries  through  which  it  passes, 
it  rises  about  5  inches  a  day,  until  it  has  attained  a  height 
of  32  feet  above  its  ordinary  level.  By  the  end  of  July  all 
the  flat  country  of  Bengal  contiguous  to  the  Ganges  and 
Brahmapootra  is  overflowed  to  an  extent  in  breadth  of  100 
miles,  nothing  being  visible  but  villages  and  the  tops  of 
trees,  the  former  being  built  on  artificial  mounds  above  the 
height  of  the  flood.  After  the  middle  of  August  the  waters 
begin  to  subside,  running  off  at  the  rate  of  from  3  to  4  inches 
a  day  till  November,  from  which  period  to  the  month  of 
April  they  decrease  at  the  rate  of  about  i  inch  a  day.  The 
quantity  of  water  discharged  into  the  ocean  by  the  Ganges 
is  computed  to  be  500,000  cubic  feet  per  second  in  the  four 
months  of  the  flood-season,  and  100,000  cubic  feet  per  second 
on  an  average  during  the  remainder  of  the  year.  The  quan- 
tity of  mud  brought  down  annually  by  the  stream  is  com- 
puted at  235,521,387  cubic  yards,  and  it  discolors  the  sea  to 
a  distance  of  60  miles  from  the  coast.  Owing  to  the  loose- 
ness of  the  soil  on  the  banks,  large  portions  of  them  are 
being  constantly  swept  away  by  the  force  of  the  current, 
and  expensive  engineering  works  are  required  to  preserve 
the  channels  of  navigation. 

The  phenomenon  called  the  Bore,  a  sudden  and  rapid  in- 
flux of  the  tide,  in  the  form  of  an  enormous  wave,  rising  as 
perpendicular  as  a  wall,  assumes  a  formidable  appearance 
in  the  Ganges.  In  the  Hoogly  the  Bore  rushes  onwards, 
with  an  appalling  noise,  at  the  rate  of  between  17  and  18 
miles  an  hour,  and  at  Calcutta  it  sometimes  causes  an  in- 
stantaneous rise  of  5  feet,  having  been  probably  more  than 
double  that  height  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  waters 
of  the  Ganges  are  held  sacred  by  the  Hindoos,  from  Gan- 
gootri,  about  15  miles  from  its  source,  to  the  island  of  Sau- 
gur,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hoogly.  There  are,  however,  par- 
ticular places  more  eminently  sacred  than  the  rest,  and  to 
these  pilgrims  resort  from  great  distances  to  perform  their 
ablutions  and  carry  off  water  to  be  used  in  future  cere- 
monies. The  Ganges  water  is  also  esteemed  for  its  me- 
dicinal properties,  and  in  the  British  courts  of  justice  wit- 
nesses of  the  Brahmanical  faith  are  sworn  upon  it. 

The  valley  of  the  Ganges  is  one  of  the  richest  on  the 
globe,  and  contains  a  greater  extent  of  vegetable  mould,  and 
of  land  under  cultivation,  than  any  other  country,  with 
the  exception,  perhaps,  of  the  Chinese  Empire.  For  hun- 
dreds of  miles  along  its  course,  down  to  the  Gulf  of  Ben- 
gal, not  a  stone  is  to  be  seen.  Wheat  and  other  European 
grains  are  produced  in  the  upper  part  of  this  magnificent 
valley,  while  in  the  S.  every  variety  of  Indian  fruit,  rice, 
cotton,  indigo,  opium,  and  sugar,  are  produced  in  the  great- 
est profusion.  The  sources  of  the  Ganges  are  at  an  elevation 
of  upwards  of  13,000  and  18,000  feet  respectively  above  sea- 
level;  yet  the  fall  of  the  river  from  Hurdwar,  nearly  at  the 
foot  of  the  Himalayas,  to  the  delta,  a  distance  of  about  1200 
miles,  is  only  1000  feet.  Its  banks,  in  many  places,  exhibit 
scenes  of  great  beauty,  while  in  the  stream  itself  clusters  of 
picturesque  rocks  occasionally  occur,  interesting  not  onl^ 
from  their  own  appearance,  but  also  from  the  association^ 
connected  with  them. 

The  Ganges  is  navigable  for  boats  of  a  large  size  nearly 
1500  miles  from  its  mouth;  and  the  busy  scene  which  it 


GAN 


1243 


GAR 


laily  exhibits,  from  the  number  and  variety  of  boats  with 
fhich  it  is  crowded,  is  not,  perhaps,  equalled  on  any  other 
Irer  in  the  world.  It  forms,  with  its  tributaries,  a  great 
pnte  of  communication  and  traffic  throughout  a  large  part 
{  India,  and  its  value  as  a  highway  for  commerce  is  all 
be  more  increased  from  the  numerous  important  towns 
jnd  cities  that  lie  either  immediately  on  its  banks  or  at  no 
jreat  distance  from  them.  Of  these,  ascending  the  stream, 
lay  be    named    Calcutta,  Moorshedabad,  Bahar,   Patna, 

Benares,  Allahabad,  Cawnpoor,  and  Furruckabad. ^Adj. 

Ianqetic,  gan-jSt'ik. 

Ganges,  g6Nzh,  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault,  on  a 
jiilway,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpellier.  It  has  a  chamber 
if  manufactures,  and  factories  of  silk  gloves,  hosiery,  and 
;vist,  with  a  trade  in  wine.     Pop.  4345. 

Gan'geS)  a  post-hamlet  in  Ganges  township,  Allegan 
).,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Grand 
[aven.  It  has  a  tannery,  2  or  3  stores,  and  large  orchards 
f  apples  and  peaches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1130. 

Ganges,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  11  miles  N. 
f  Mansfield. 

1  Gangeticus  Sinus.    See  Bay  of  Bengal. 
I  Gangi,  gin'jee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Palermo, 
19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cefalii.     Pop.  13,057. 
i  Gang  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  and  Oneida 
bs.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  E.  of  Prospect  Station,  which  is  18  miles 
i.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  lumber-mill  on  West 
ianada  Creek.     Pop.  104. 
!  Gangootri,  gin^goo'tree,  a  famous  place  of  pilgrimage 

!i  Northern  India,   in   Gurhwal,   near  the   source  of  the 
cages,  in  lat.  30°  59'  N.,  Ion.  78°  66'  E.,  and  10,073  feet 
3'jve  the  sea. 
I  Gangpoor,  Gangpur,  g&ngh)oor',  or  Gang^pore', 

lative  state  of  India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  lat.  21°  47'  5"- 
2'  32'  20"  N.,  Ion.  83°  34'  35"-85°  10'  15"  E.  Area, 
Hi  square  miles.  It  is  under  British  supervision,  and 
ays  a  small  tribute.  It  is  a  hilly  table-land,  producing 
I  iber,  silk,  resin,  catechu,  and  drugs.  Coal  is  found,  and 
ild  animals  are  very  numerous.  Pop.  73,637.  Capital, 
JTiadi,  a  small  village,  in  lat.  22°  10'  N.,  Ion.  84°  5'  E. 
I  Gangra,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kankakee. 
i  Gangurah'Behra,  g&ng-goo'r3,-b§h-ri',  a  town  of 
jniia,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3946. 

Gan>Hway,  a  province  of  China.     See  Ngan-Hoei, 
I  Ganier,  g3,^neer',  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  111., 
p  versed  by  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  1582. 
I  Ganitsa,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Ganta. 

Gai^a,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Yelisavetpol. 
I  Gaivjam,  gin^jim',  the  northeasternmost  district  of  the 
Madras  Presidency,  British  India,  having  Orissa  on  the 
tr.E.  and  the  Bay  of  Bengal  on  the  S.E.  The  coast  region 
I  low,  but  the  district  as  a  whole  is  fertile.  Area,  8813 
juare  miles.     Capital,  Ganjam.     Pop.  1,520,088. 

Gaiyam,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  on  a 
anall  river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  90  miles 
.W.  of  Cuttack.  It  has  lost  much  of  its  former  importance 
3  a  seat  of  trade. 

Ganjeh,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yelisavetpol. 

Ganjooiy,  a  town  of  India.    See  Janjowla. 

Gann,  or  Mount  Holly,  Knox  co.,  0.  See  Brink 
Iaven. 

Gann  Valley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buffalo  co., 
•  D.,  about  73  miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Pierre.  It  has  sev- 
ral  stores  and  business  houses. 

j  Gannat,  gin^nS,',  a  town  of  France,  in  AUier,  on  the 
indelot,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  5042. 
i  Gan'net  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Labrador.    Lat.  54° 
jr. ;  Ion.  56°  34'  W. 

I  Gan'net  Island,  on  the  W.  coast  of  New  Zealand, 
porth  Island.     Lat.  37°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  2'  E. 
I  Gannet  Rock,  a  small  island,  6J  miles  from  the  S.W. 
fead  of  Grand  Manan.    Lat.  46°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  52'  W. 
tn  it  is  a  light-house. 

I  Gan'nett,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  North  Platte. 

Gano',  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Union  town- 
|hip,  on  the  Dayton  Short-Line  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Pleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high  ground.  It  con- 
Sains  4  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  several  fine  residences. 
i  Ganos,  g4'nos\  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Rou- 

!"/,  '  **  ™''®^  ^•^-  °^  Qallipoli,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Sea 
]f  Marmora. 

^  Ganowitz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Gonobitz. 

Ganserndorf,  gan's§rn-doRf  \  a  village  of  Lower  Aus- 
ina,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Vienna. 

Gansevoort,  gans'voort,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  oo., 


N.Y.,  in  Northumberland  township,  on  the  Rensselaer  ft 
Saratoga  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Gans'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winn  parish,  La.,  about 
52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Gante,  Gantois,  Netherlands.    See  Ghent. 

Gantheaume  (g&nHom')  Bay,  of  Australia,  Is  on  the 
W.  coast.      Lat.  27°  46'  S.;  Ion.  114°  7'  E. 

Gantt,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  844. 

Gan- Whay,  a  province  of  China.    See  Ngan-Hoei. 

Ganya,  g|n'y5h\  or  Ganitsa,  g8,-nlt'si,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  18  miles  from  Szigeth. 

Gap,  gip  (anc.  Vapin'cum),  a  town  of  France,  capital 
of  Hautes-Alpes,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grenoble,  on  the  Luye. 
It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral,  a  communal  collegw,  a  normal 
school,  a  public  library,  a  court-house,  town  hall,  prefec- 
ture, bishop's  palace,  barracks,  and  a  large  public  reser- 
voir.    It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  7249. 

Gap,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Sadsbury 
and  Salisbury  townships,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
box-factory,  a  creamery,  carriage-works,  Ac.  Rich  mines 
of  nickel  have  been  opened  near  this  place. 

Gap  Civ'il,  or  Spar'ta,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.C.,  in  Gap  Civil  township,  about  56  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  court-house  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Post-office,  Sparta.     Pop.  of  the  township,  958. 

Gap  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  55  miles 
S.  of  Marion,  Va.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
copper-mine. 

Gap  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Gap  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co..  111.,  about  5 
miles  W.  of  Dixon. 

Gaplo,  a  lake  of  Prussia.     See  Goplo. 

Gap  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Spring  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Gapplitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    SccKaplitz. 

Gap  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Gap  Run,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Gapsal,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Hapsal. 

Gap  Springs,  Pa.     See  Doubling  Gap  Springs. 

Gap  Store,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Gaps'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  12  milei 
S.E.  of  Everett  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Garachico,  g&-r3,-chee'ko,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Teneriffe,  on  its  N.  coast.  Pop.  1030.  It  was  nearly  de- 
stroyed by  a  volcanic  eruption  in  1705,  before  which  it  was 
one  of  the  most  important  places  in  the  island. 

Gar^afrax'a,  or  Dong'las,  a  post-village  in  Welling- 
ton CO.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Gnelph. 
It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Garah,  gi'rS,,  or  Am-el-Saghier,  4m-4l-8i-ghe^4r, 
a  small  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  oasis  of  the  same  name,  in 
the  Libyan  Desert,  250  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo.  The  oasis 
consists  of  a  level  plain  enclosed  by  abrupt  precipices  and 
covered  in  part  with  beautiful  palm  woods.  Salt  pools 
occur  here  and  there,  surrounded  by  an  efflorescence  of 
dazzling  whiteness. 

Garai,  a  river  of  Bengal.     See  Baleswar. 

Gara,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Gara. 

Garam,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Gean. 

Garama  and  Garamantes.    See  Moorzook. 

Garbagnate,  gaR-bin-yi'td,,  a  village  of  Italy,  proT- 
ince  of  Milan,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bollate.     Pop.  2170. 

Garbana,  gaR-b&'n&  (L.  Garbane'a  Derthonen'gium), 
a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alessandria.     P.  1477. 

Gar'ber,  a"  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Garber,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover  & 
York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of  York. 

Garber's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Gar'berville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eureka. 

Garbieh,  a  province  of  Egypt.    See  Gharbbetbb. 

Gar'buttsville,  a  hamlet  in  Monroe  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Roches. 
ter.     It  has  a  flour-  and  plaster-mill. 

Gar'celon,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Corry. 

Garchizy,  gaR^shee^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  NiSvre, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1622. 

Garcia,  gar-see'&,  a  small  river  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Mendocino  oo.,  Cal.,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific. 

Garcia,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Gar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Milan 
township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  11  miles  B.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 


GAR 


1244 


GAR 


Gardy  g&n,  or  Gardoil)  gaRM6N>',  a  river  of  France, 
flows  E.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Bhone  5  miles  N.E.  of  Taras- 
eon.     Length,  55  miles. 

Gard)  a  department  of  France,  in  the  S.,  formed  of  part 
of  the  province  of  Languedoc,  bounded  E.  by  the  Rhone, 
and  S.,  for  10  miles,  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  2256 
square  miles.  In  the  N.  it  is  traversed  by  high  mountains ; 
in  the  S.,  numerous  lakes  and  marshes  render  the  country 
unhealthy.  Chief  rivers,  the  Khone,  Vidourle,  and  H6rault, 
which  flow  to  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  C^ze  and  Gard, 
affluents  of  the  Rhone.  It  has  mines  of  iron,  coal,  lead, 
sulphur,  and  zinc.  Grain  is  raised  insufficient  for  home  con- 
sumption, but  wine,  brandy,  olive  oil,  and  fruit  are  abun- 
dant. Silk-worms  are  extensively  reared.  Capital,  Nlmes. 
The  department  is  divided  into  the  4  arrondissements  of 
Alais,  Ntmes,  Uz^s,  and  Le  Vigan.     Pop.  423,804. 

Garda,  gaR'dJ,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Verona,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago  di  Qarda.     Pop.  1409. 

Gar'da,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co..  111. 

Gardafui,  Cape,  Africa.    See  Cape  GuARDAFin. 

Gardaia,  gaB-di'4,  or  Ghardeia,  gaR-di'y4,  a  town 
of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  about  300  miles  S.  of  Algiers. 
Lat.  31°  57'  N.;  Ion.  2°  50'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
wall,  and  defended  by  nine  towers,  capable  of  containing 
300  to  400  combatants,  and  has  6  gates.  The  town  con- 
tains 6  mosques,  one  of  which  is  of  extraordinary  size. 
A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  with  Tunis,  Algiers,  &o,, 
in  oil,  ostrich  feathers,  corn,  butter,  groceries,  pottery,  and 
other  articles.  The  Jews  have  a  synagogue  here,  and  live 
in  a  quarter  by  themselves.  Gardaia  is  surrounded  by  im- 
mense orchards,  watered  by  wells,  which  sometimes  have  a 
depth  of  900  feet.  In  these  orchards  are  cultivated  the 
vine  and  all  other  kinds  of  fruit  common  to  that  part  of 
Africa.     Pop.  12,000. 

Gardanne,  gaR^din',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouohes-du- 
RhSne,  5  miles  S.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2268. 

Gardelegen,  gaR'd^h-U^gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  JS^ilde,  25  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Sten- 
dal.     Pop.  6389. 

Gar'aen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  23  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Macon,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Garden,  Delta  co.,  Mich.    See  Hale's  Bat. 

Garden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  oo.,  0.,  in  Lodi  town- 
ship, 7  miles  S.  of  Guysville  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Garden  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Bir- 
mingham. 

Garden  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Finney  co.,Kansa8, 
on  Arkansas  River,  400  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Atohison. 
It  has  9  churches,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
>f  ploughs,  windmills,  butter,  and  cheese.     Pop.  1490. 

Garden  City,  a  post-village  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
in  Garden  City  township,  on  the  Watonwan  River,  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Madelia.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  flouring-mills.     Pop.  368. 

Garden  City,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  68  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  227. 

Garden  City,  a  post-village  in  Hempstead  township. 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Great  Plains  and  on  the  Flushing, 
North  Shore  &  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  New  York 
City.  It  has  a  splendid  Episcopal  cathedral,  male  and 
female  seminaries,  a  superior  hotel,  a  public  park,  gas-work:^, 
Ac.  It  was  founded  by  A.  T.  Stewart,  who  paid  $394,350 
for  the  site.     Pop.  about  750. 

Garden  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rich  co.,  Utah,  on  Bear 
Lake,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Garden  Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Somerset.  It  has 
a  church  and  the  Pisgah  Seminary. 

Garden  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C., 
40  miles  W.  of  Henry's  Station. 

Gar'dener,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
sauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Alburtis. 

Garden  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Cal.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Santa  Ana. 

Garden  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Garden  Grove  township,  about  60  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  554. 

Garden  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario, 
J2  miles  N.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory, 
2  grist-mills,  and  3  saw-mills. 

Garden  Island,  of  Australia.     See  Buacbb. 

Garden  Island,  a  post-village  in  Frontenao  co.,  On- 
tario, on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Kingston. 


It  has  several  ship-yards  and  a  flouring-mill,  and  has  com* 
munication  with  Kingston  by  ferry.     Pop.  762. 

Garden  of  Eden,  a  post-village  in  Pictoa  co.,  Nors 
Scotia,  24  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  100. 

Garden  Pass,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Eureka  <fe  Palisade  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Garden  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  in 
Garden  Plain  township,  and  on  the  Mendota  A  Clinton 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  5  miles  S.  of 
Fulton.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1091. 

Garden  Plain,  a  post-township  of  Sedgwick  co., 
Kansas,  17  miles  W.  of  Wichita.     Pop.  418. 

Garden  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Boone  oo..  III.,  in 
Bonus  township,  on  Kishwaukee  River,  and  on  the  Free- 
port  Branch  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Belvidere,  and  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flourinp; 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Garden  Reach,  a  south  suburb  of  Calcutta,  Bengal, 
on  the  Hoogly,  just  below  the  village  of  Kidderpoor.  Itia 
a  fashionable  place  for  European  residents. 

Garden  River,  or  Ketekau'ne-See'be,  a  post- 
village  in  the  district  of  Algoma,  Ontario,  12  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  This  is  an  Indian  reserve,  extending 
9  miles  along  St.  Mary's  River.  The  Indians  are  chiefl; 
engaged  in  the  fishery  and  the  chase.  Garden  River  is  a 
missionary  station  of  the  churches  of  England  and  Rome. 
It  contains  2  stores.  Steamers  from  Collingwood  to  Fort 
William  call  here.     Pop.  400. 

Garden's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chester 
Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Downingtown. 

Garden  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  cheese- factory. 

Garden  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ga. 

Garden  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  near 
the  Neches  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Lindale  Station.  It  hat 
2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Garden  Valley,  township,  Jackson  co..  Wis.    P.  1026. 

Gar'denville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  2 
or  3  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches  and  » 
brewery.     Pop.  in  1880,  449;  in  1890,  324. 

Gardenville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Gardenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.T.,  on  the  ' 
Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  about  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gardenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Plumstead  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  Friends'  meeting.  i 

Gar'di,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  oo 
the  Macon  A  Brunswick  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W.  o' 
Brunswick.     Here  is  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Gardia,  gaR'dee^i,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Bond' 
Lat.  14°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  28'  W. 

Gardiki,  gaR-dee'kee,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  12  miles  N.  of  Delvino. 

Gar'diner,  city  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Kennebec  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cobbosseecontee 
River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S,  of  ' 
Augusta,  and  56  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.     Large  vesseli 
can  ascend  to  this  place,  which  has  a   bridge  across  the 
Kennebec  River  and  is  liberally  supplied  with  water-power. 
It  contains  8  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,*  > 
city  hall,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  4  paper-mills,  a 
flour-mill,  4  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  several  machin 
shops,  2  potteries,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blin  • 
bricks,  carriages,  and  furniture.     Lumber  and  ice  are  too 
chief  articles  of  export.    One  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  i 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5491.  ' 

Gardiner,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  20  milw  ' 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Kingston,  and  about  10  miles  (direct)  W. 
of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  a  church  organization,  a  dis- 
trict school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  harness,  grape-crates,  and  boxes.  Pop.  about 
250 ;  of  the  township,  1703. 

Gardiner,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Umpqua  River,  near  its  mouth,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  , 
Eugene  City,  and  2  miles  from  the  ocean.     It  has  a  chnreh  j 
and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Gardiner  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  c' 
Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  by  rail  from  Bridgeport.  Pop.  3i" 
It  has  important  coal-mines. 

Gardiner's  Island,  belonging  to  the  township  of 
Easthampton,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  lies  off  the  E.  end  of  Lo». 
Island,  from    which   it   is  separated   by  Gardiner's  Ba. 
Area,  3300  acres.     Its  surface  is  undulating  pasture-larw^ 
At  its  N.  extremity  stands  a  light-house,  in  lat.  41°  8'  lb 


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N.,  Ion,  72°  8'  13"  W.,  with  a  fixed  light,  29  feet  above  the 
water-level. 

Gard'ner)  a  post-oflBce  of  Huerfano  eo.,  Col.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Badito.     Altitude,  8490  feet. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  in  Greenfield  township,  Grundy 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pontiac.  A  branch  of 
the  Chicago  &  Illinois  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Coal  City. 
It  hsis  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  soap- 
factory.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1094. 

Gardner,  a  station  in  Piatt  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Indianap- 
lolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  by  N. 
lof  Urban  a. 

Gardner,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.  Pop.  1249. 
It  contains  Farmingdale  and  Bradfordton. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Gardner  township,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Gal- 
veston Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  in 
1890,  515  ;  of  the  township,  1286. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
^Gardner  township,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  where  it 
jtiroBses  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  division,  70  miles 
IW.N.W.  of  Boston,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has 
i&  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and 
(t'Xtensive  manufactures  of  chairs,  pails,  and  tubs.  The 
Itownship  contains  another  village,  named  South  Gardner, 
p?otal  pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  8424. 
I  Gardner,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  A 
iHearfield  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Tyrone. 
I  Gardner,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E. 
cf  Union  City,  and  1  mile  S.  of  the  Obion  River.     It  has 

3  church,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Top.  about  260. 

Gardner,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  bounded  N.W. 

jy  Green  Bay.     P.  414.     It  contains  Little  Sturgeon. 

Gardner's,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1178. 

Gardner's  Bluff,  the  head  of  navigation  for  steamers 

ta  the  Great  Pedee,  is  in  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  6  miles 

W.  of  Bennettsville,  and  is  an  important  shipping-point. 

Gardner's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
^[ontague  township,  11  miles  W.  of  Lowville.  It  has  a 
is  leese-factory. 

I  Gardner's  Ford,  a  hamlet  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C,  12 
b  ilea  N.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  cotton-factory 
V  hich  makes  sheeting.     Pop.  about  80. 

Gardner's  Island,  in  the  township  of  Clayton,  Jef- 
(rson  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  one  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  and  lies  in 
lie  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Gardner's  Mills,  a  village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  1 
jcile  from  Bingham  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
Bill,  a  woollen -mill,  &c. 

]  Gardner's  River,  a  celebrated  salmon-stream  of 
British  Columbia,  rises  near  Fort  St.  James,  in  lat.  54° 
b'  N.,  Ion.  123°  30'  W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean 
trough  Gardner's  Inlet.  Length,  about  150  miles. 
Gard'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
miles  S.W.  of  De  Mossville. 

Gardnersville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
0  miles  N.W.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
*op.  about  100. 

Gardnersville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
rom  Seward  Station,  and  about  44  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
Gardokh,  a  village  of  Thibet.     See  Garoo. 
Gardou,  a  river  of  Southern  France.     See  Gard. 
Gardone,  gan-do'ni,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  10 
niles  N.N.W.  of  Brescia.    It  has  manufactures  of  firearms, 
ewelry,  and  silk  goods.     Pop.  1718. 
Gardone  Riviera,  gaR-do'ni  re-ve-i'ri,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Salo, 
lear  the  W.  shore  of  Lago  di  Garda.     Pop.  1387. 
Gard's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Wabash  co..  111. 
Gardtop,  a  village  of  Thibet.     See  Garoo. 
Gareep,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Orange. 
Garessio,  ga-r5s'se-o,  or  Gare^so,  gS,-r5s'so,  a  town 
f  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mondovi,  on  the 
'anaro.     Pop.  6882. 

Garet,  ga-rfit',  a  district  of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez, 
n  the  Mediterranean.     Principal  town,  Melilla. 

Garfagnana,  gaK-fin-yi'ni,  a  district  of  Italy,  in 
Lucca,  formed  of  the  upper  valley  of  the  Serchio.  Area, 
l55  square  miles.    Chief  town,  Castelnuovo  di  Garfagnana. 

4  Gar'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  103  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Garfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in  Gar- 
i«ld  township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison, 


Topeka  <fe  Santa  F6  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Lamed. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township  389. 

Garfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  at  Damascus  Station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Port 
Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Alliance. 

Gargallo,  gaR-gil'Io,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
district  of  Novara. 

Gargaliano,  gaR-g8.-le-S.'no,  a  town  of  Greece,  near 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  11^  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Navarino, 
on  a  height.     Pop.  2251. 

Gargano,gaR-gd'no  (anc.  Garga'nua),  a  mountain  pen- 
insula of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  extending  for  about 
30  miles  into  the  Adriatic,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  15 
to  30  miles.  Its  loftiest  summits  are  Calvo,  near  its  centre, 
5450  feet ;  Sagro,  on  the  E. ;  Spigro,  on  the  N. ;  Gargarano, 
on  the  W. ;  and  Rignano,  on  the  S. 

Garganta>la-011a,  gaR-g8,n'ti-li-ol'y3,,  a  town  of 
Spain,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  659. 

Gargarus,  gar'ga-riis  (Turk.  Kazdagh,  kiz'dig'),  a 
mountain  of  Asia  Minor,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Adramyti,  the 
highest  of  the  range  of  Ida. 

Gargnano,  gaRn-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lago  di  Garda.  P.  4085. 

Gargosilium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Jargeait. 

Gar'ha,  a  river  of  India,  joins  the  Chumbul. 

Garha,  a  town  of  India.     See  Gurha. 

Garhako'ta,  or  Garhakot,  gaR*h5.-kot',  a  town  of 
India,  Jubbulpoor  division,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Saugur. 
Pop.  9316. 

Garhwal,  a  province  of  India.    See  Guhhwal. 

Ga'ria,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  Garia 
Bay,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Rose  Blanche.     Pop.  195. 

Garienis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Yare. 

Gariep,  a  river  of  South  Africa.     See  Orakge. 

Garibaldi,  g4r-e-bil'de,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Keokuk  co., 
Iowa,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Garibaldi,  a  post-ofiice  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Atlanta  <fc  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Charlotte.     Near  this  place  is  the  convent  of  Mariastein. 

Garigliano,  gi-reel-yi'no  (anc.  Li'ris),  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  5  miles  S.E.  of  Tagliacozzo,  flows  S.E.,  and 
enters  the  Mediterranean  9  miles  E.  of  Gaeta.  Length, 
75  miles.     Afiluents,  the  Sacco  and  Melfa. 

Garijp,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Gabyp. 

Garioch,  gk're-bK,  an  inland  district  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Aberdeen,  comprising  150  square  miles,  noted  for  its 
cattle,  and  abounding  in  prehistoric  monuments, 

Gar'land,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Arkansas,  is 
drained  by  the  Ouachita  River.  Its  surface  is  hilly.  Cot- 
ton and  Indian  corn  are  among  its  staple  products.  This 
county  has  valuable  minerals  and  medicinal  springs,  and 
forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  Ac.  Area,  622 
square  miles.  Capital,  Hot  Springs.  It  is  partly  inter- 
sected by  a  branch  of  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1880,  9023;  in  1890,  15,328. 

Garland,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Sepulga  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad, 
67  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Garland,  a  village  of  Costilla  co..  Col.,  on  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  102  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pueblo,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Garland. 

Garland,  a  post-village  in  Garland  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  furniture,  shoes, 
&c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1306. 

Garland,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  Pitts. 
field  township,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Dunkirk, 
Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of 
Corry,  and  19  miles  N.E,  of  Titusville.  It  has' 2  churches, 
manufactures  uf  lumber,  heading,  and  staves,  and  a  pipe- 
line bringing  oil  from  West  Hickory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Garland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Covington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements. 

Gar'landville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Miss.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Garlasco,  gaR-l&s'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  23  miles  S.B. 
of  Novara.     Pop.  6737. 

Gar'ley,  or  Gur'ley,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas. 

Gar'lieston,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Wigtown,  on  a  small  bay  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  68S. 

Garlin,  gaR^iu"',  a  town  of  France,  Basses-Pyr6n6es, 
18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pan.     Pop.  1305. 

Gar'lock,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  oo.,  Iowa. 

Gar'man's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cambria  oo..  Pa. 


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Garmisch)  gan'migh,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Loi- 
■ach,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Isar,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Munich,     Pop.  1560. 

Gar'month,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Elgin,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Spey,  3  miles  N.  of  Fochabers.     Pop.  636. 

Garnavil'IO)  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Garnavillo  township,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  6  churches,  and  flour-mills,  &c.  Lead  is  found  near 
it.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1051. 

Gar'ner,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  <fc  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Mason 
City.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  and 
a  normal  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  679. 

Garner  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  White  co..  Ark.,  is  on 
the  Cairo  <fc  Fulton  Railroad,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Garner  Station,  a  post-village  of  Yalabusha  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.  of  Grenada.  It  has  a  church.  Cotton  is  shipped 
here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Gar'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y  ,  in 
Haverstraw  township,  i  mile  from  Haverstraw  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and  the  Rock- 
land Print- Works. 

Gar'nett,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anderson  oo.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  & 
Galveston  Railroad,  62  miles  S.  of  Lawrence,  and  34  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Humboldt.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  banks, 
a  graded  school,  11  churches,  3  flour-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese  and  furniture.  Six  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2191. 

Garnett,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Cynthiana. 

Gar'nettsville,  or  Gar'netsville,  a  post-village  of 
Meade  co.,  Ky.,  28  or  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville.  It 
has  2  churches,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  an  academy. 

Gar'nish,  a  post-town  on  the  W.  side  of  Fortune  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  20  miles  from  Burin.     Pop.  210. 

Garn^kirk',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Glasgow.   It  has  iron- and  tile-works.  P.  656. 

Garo'ga,  a  post-village  in  Ephratah  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Garoga  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Utica.  It 
has  flour-  and  lumber-mills. 

Garo'ga  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Fulton  co.,  runs 
louthwestward,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  about  a  mile  above  Fort  Plain. 

Garo  Hills,  a  district  of  India.     See  Garrow  Hills. 

Garom'na,  an  island  oflf  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Galway,  6  miles  N.  of  the  Arran  Isles. 

Garon,  a  headland  of  Ireland.     See  Gerrox. 

Garonne,  gi^ronn'  (ane.  Garum'na),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  in  the  Val  d'Aran,  on  the  confines  of 
Spain,  enters  France  near  the  village  of  Pont-du-Roi,  and 
passes,  in  the  department  of  Haute-Garonne,  Saint-B6at, 
Montrejeau,  Saint-Martory,  CazSres  (where  its  natural  navi- 
gation commences),  Carbonne,  Muret,  and  Toulouse,  near 
which  it  is  joined  by  the  Canal  du  Midi.  Above  Blaye,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Dordogne,  the  river  loses  its  name,  and 
assumes  that  of  the  Gironde  (see  Gironde).  Length,  384 
miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Salat,  Ari6ge,  Tarn, 
Lot,  and  Dordogne;  on  the  left,  the  Neste,  Gers,  and  Giron. 
The  Canal  du  Midi  connects  it  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Garoo,  gi^roo',  Gardtop,  gaRdHop',  Gartop,  gaR^- 
top',  Gortope,  goRHAp',  or  Gardokh,  gaRMoK',  a  vil- 
lage in  Thibet,  near  a  source  of  the  Indus,  in  lat.  31°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  80°  21'  E.  Elevation,  16,000  feet.  Here  in  sum- 
mer an  active  trade  is  carried  on  in  the  exchange  of  tea, 
shawl-wool,  and  other  products  of  China  and  Thibet  for 
those  of  Cashmere  and  India. 

Garonpas,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Porto  Bello. 

Garra,  a  river  and  village  of  India.     See  Ghara. 

Gar'rard,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Dick's 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Oak  timber  has  now  the  largest  propor- 
tion available  for  lumber,  but  ash,  walnut,  Ac,  are  found. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  Lancaster,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,376;  in  1880,  11,704;  in  1890,  11,138. 

Gar'rattsville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
New  Lisbon  township,  on  Butternut  Creek,  about  34  miles 
B.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  a 
oheese-factory,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Garregnel,  gaR^R§h-ghJl',  a  village  of  Senegambia, 
on  the  SenegaL     Lat.  15°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  46'  W. 


Gar'retson,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Manley,  Minn.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  341. 

Gar'retson's,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  li  miles  from  Vanderbilt  Landing. 

Garretson's  Landing,  post-office,  JeflFerson  co.,  Ark. 

Gar'rett,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Maryland,  bor- 
ders on  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Youghiogheny River,  and  is  bounded  S.  and 
S.E.  by  the  Potomac.  Area,  680  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Coiil 
and  iron  ore  are  found  in  it.    It  is  traversed  by  the  Baltinior* 

6  Ohio  Railroad.  The  West  Virginia  Central  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  runs  along  its  S.E.  part.  Capital,  Oakland. 
Pop.  in  1880,  12,175;  in  1890,  14,213. 

Garrett,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  4  miles  W. 
of  Auburn,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has 

7  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
round-house,  and  railroad-shops.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Garrett,  a  post-village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  W. 
of  Muldraugh.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Garrett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Summit 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  (Bal- 
timore &  Ohio)  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Berlin 
Branch,  108  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  charcoal  and  shocks. 

Gar'rettford,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Darby  township,  on  Darby  Creek,  1  mile  from  Kel- 
lysville  Station,  and  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Gar'retts,  a  station  in  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Urbana. 

Garretts,  a  station  in  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wheeling. 

Garrett's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gar'rettsburg,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  S.  of  llopkiusville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gar'rettsville,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, 36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  30  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Youngstown.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  rakes,  pails,  tables,  and  fixtures  for  the  manu- 
facture of  maple-sugar  and  syrup.     Pop.  1046. 

Gar'rison,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  about 
5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Vinton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  367. 

Garrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  1  mile 
from  Arlington. 

Garrison,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  David  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  2 
elevators,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Garrison's,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Phil- 
lipstown  township,  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River, 
50  miles  N.  of  New  York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad.  A  ferry-boat  plies  between  thii 
place  and  West  Point.     It  has  3  churches. 

Garrison's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  2  milef 
E.  of  Brookville. 

Gar'risonville,  a  post-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Richland.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Gar'ristown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  of  parish,  1070. 

Garrobillas,  gaR-Ro-Beel'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  27 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres. 

Garron,  a  headland  of  Ireland.     See  Gerron. 

GarVott',  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Garrovillas  de  Alconetar,  gaR-Ro-veeryis  di 
il-ko-ni-taR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province 
and  19  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  718. 

Gar'row  (or  Garo,  gi'ro)  Hills,  a  district  of  Ben- 
gal, geographically  a  part  of  Assam,  bounded  N.  by  Goal- 
para,  E.  by  the  Cossyah  Hills,  S.  by  Mymunsingh,  and  W. 
by  Rungpoor.  A..rea,  3390  square  miles.  The  hills  are  in- 
habited by  a  wild  race  of  people,  called  Garrows,  who  are 
industrious,  but  in  other  respects  are  little  above  the  savage 
state.  The  country  abounds  in  elephants,  and  contaiM 
coal  and  other  minerals,  but  is  little  developed,  having 
never  been  under  British  rule  until  1872.     Pop.  80,000. 

Gar'ry  Island,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  oflf  the  month  of 
Mackenzie  River,  in  lat.  69°  30'  N.,  Ion.  135°  W. 

Garry  Lake,  in  British  North  America,  in  lat.  66°  N., 
Ion.  99°  30'  W.,  receives  Great  Fish  River  from  the  W. 

Gar'ry  O'wen,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Gars'tang,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles  8.  of 
Lancaster,  on  the  Wyre,  at  a  railway  junction.     Pop.  o87. 


GAR 


1247 


GAS 


i    Gar'ston,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  on  the 

Mersey,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Liverpool. 

jit  has  docks  and  manufactories.     Pop.  of  township,  7840. 

I    Gartach,  gaR't&K,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline,  two 

pearly  contiguous  villages  of  Wiirtemberg,  11  miles  W.  of 

Heilbronn,  on  the  Leinbaoh.     Pop.  of  Gross  Gartach,  1804; 

if  Klein  Gartach,  952. 

I    Gartempe,  gaRH&up',  or  Gardempe,  gaRMAup',  a 

river  of  Central  France,  which,  after  a  course  of  120  miles, 

tit  first  W.  and  then  N.,  joins  the  Creuse  25  miles  E.N.E. 

)f  Poitiers. 

I    Gartenfeld,  gaR't^n-fSlt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 

forming  a  part  of  the  city  of  Mentz.     Pop.  3250. 

,    Garth,  garth,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 

Ijiin,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caerphilly. 

I   Garth,  a  hamlet  of  North  Wales,  oo.  of  Montgomery,  2 

Iniles  N.N.W.  of  Welshpool. 

Garth,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Gartok,  or  Gartop,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Garoo. 

Gartok-chu,  garHok^-shoo',  or  Gartok-tsiu,  gar^- 
ok'-tsee-oo',  written  also  Gartope,  a  river  of  Thibet, 
Jows  N.W.  between  lofty  ranges  of  the  Himalaya,  and 
loins  the  Indus  from  the  left. 

I  Gartsher'ry,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire, 
ticiw  a  part  of  the  town  of  Coatbridge,  and  having  celebrated 
irm-works.     Pop.  2178. 

:  Gart'side  (Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  4),  four  stations  in  Jack- 
lOQ  CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  They  are 
^al.mining  localities,  and  afford  the  excellent  Big  Muddy 
melting  coal. 

I  Gart'sides,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co,,  111.,  on  the  St. 
uduis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
jjiiois.  Mo. 

Gartz,  two  towns  of  Prussia.     See  Garz. 

Garutnna,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Garonne. 

Garvagh,  gaB'vie,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  London- 
[erry,  9  miles  S.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  764. 

Gar'ver's  Ferry,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
t  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
owi,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  Ingleside  Post- 
)f5ce. 

Gar'vin,  a  station  on   the   Lake   Erie,  Evansville  & 
foath western  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Evansville,  Ind. 
I  Garvin,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1577. 
I  Garvin,  a  township  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1478. 
|t  contains  Central  Station. 

Gar'vin's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Sunflower  co..  Miss.,  on 
h'!  Sunflower  River,  about  195  miles  N.  of  Vicksburg. 

Gar'wood's,  a  station  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  Buffalo 
i'Tsion,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Hornellsville,  N.Y. 

Ga'ry,  a  post-town  of  Deuel  co.,  South  Dakota,  on  the 
Jliicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Water- 
own.     Pop.  in  1890,  277. 

Garyp,  or  GariUp*  gi-ripe',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
uids,  in  Friesland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  802. 

Ga'rysburg,  a  post- village  of  Northampton  co.,  N.C., 
n  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
Ixt)  Petersburg  A  Weldon  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Weldon. 
t  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ga'ry'8  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Farmville.     Near  it  are  several  churches. 

Ga'rysville,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Garz,  or  Gartz,  gaRts,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
jania,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Oder.  Pop.  4984. 
I  Garz,  or  Gartz,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  island  of 
lligen,  in  the  Baltic,  10  miles  E.  of  Stralsund.  Pop.  2037. 
I  Gar'za,  a  county  of  Northwestern  Texas,  on  or  near  the 
jorder  of  the  Staked  Plain.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Garzeno,  gaad-zi'no,   a   village  of  Northern   Italy, 
rovince  of  Como,  6  miles  from  Dongo.     Pop.  1645. 
I  Garzweiler,  gaRts'^ri^r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
overnraent  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2528. 

Gas'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles 
y.  of  Mooresville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Gas  City,  an  oil-producing  village,  near  East  Sandy, 
enango  co.,  Pa.  There  is  much  inflammable  gas  produced 
om  the  wells  at  this  place. 

Gascogne,  a  province  of  France.     See  Gascont. 

Gascogne,  Golfe  de.    See  Bay  op  Biscat. 

Gascoigne  Cove.    See  Flat  River. 

Gasconade,  gas^ko-naid',  a  county  in  the  E.  central 
.art  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It 
J  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
.iy  the  Gasconade  River  and  Bourbeuse  Creek.  The  surface 
,!  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests: 
ie  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wine, 
nd  pork  are  the  staple  products.    This  county  has  abun- 


dance of  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  and  quarries  of  borr- 
Btone.  The  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  its 
northern  border,  communicating  with  Hermann,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,093;  in  1880,  11,153;  in 
1890,  11,706. 

Gasconade  City*  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gasconade, 
and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  88  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  5  or  6  houses. 

Gasconade  Ferry,  a  village  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Gasconade  River,  3  miles  from  Gasconade  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Gasconade  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  state,  and  drains  parts  of  Wright  and  Laclede  cos.  It 
runs  northeastward  tnrough  Pulaski,  Maries,  and  Osage 
COS.  with  a  very  tortuous  course,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  in  Gasconade  co.,  about  7  miles  above  Hermann.  It 
traverses  a  hilly  country,  remarkable  for  picturesque 
scenery.  Length,  about  200  miles.  An  affiuent,  called  the 
Big  Piney  Fork,  rises  in  Texas  co.,  runs  northward  through 
forests  of  yellow  pine,  and  enters  the  Gasconade  in  Pulaski 
CO.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Waynesville.  This  fork  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Gascon'da,  a  township  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.    Pop.  655. 

Gas'cony  (Fr.  Gascogne,  gis^kon';  Sp.  GascuHa,  gis- 
koon'yi;  L.  Vaaco'ma),  an  old  province  in  the  S.W.  of 
France,  now  forming  the  departments  of  Landes,  Gers, 
Hautes-Pyr^n6es,  and  part  of  Basses-Pyr6n6es.  It  was  a 
dependency  of  Guienne,  and  its  capital  was  Auch.  A  por- 
tion of  it  belonged  to  the  sovereigns  of  Navarre,  and  it  was 

united  to  France  in  1589. Adj.  and  inhab.  Gascon  (Fr. 

Gascon,  gis^kANo')- 

Gas'kill,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  478. 

Gaskill's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Oswego  township,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  75. 

Gas'kin,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Placentia 
and  St.  Marys,  Newfoundland,  on  the  E.  side  of  St.  Marys 
Bay,  4  miles  from  St.  Marys.     Pop.  189. 

Gasko,  g&s'ko,  a  town  of  Herzegovina,  50  miles  S.E. 
of  Mostar. 

Gas^par',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  Gas- 
par  Strait,  a  passage  from  50  to  60  miles  across,  between 
the  islands  of  Banca  and  Billiton. 

Gaspar  Grande,  g&s'paR  gr&n'd4,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Paria,  South  America,  near  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Trinidad. 

GasparilMa  (or  Gasparil'lo)  Sound  and  Island 
are  on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida,  near  Charlotte  Harbor. 

Gasparina,  gis-pi-ree'ni,  or  Gasperina,  g&s-pi- 
ree'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Catanzaro.     Pop,  3414. 

Gasp^,  gis^pi',  a  peninsula,  forming  a  district  of  Que- 
bec, and  comprising  the  counties  of  Gasp6  and  Bonaventure, 
is  surrounded  from  Cap  Chat  to  Cap  des  Rosiers  by  the  waters 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  thence  to  Pointe  aux  Maquereaux 
by  the  waters  of  the  Gulf,  this  point  marking  the  boundary 
between  the  two  counties ;  thence  to  Point  Magouacha  by 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  thence  westward  to  the  western 
end  of  the  district  by  the  Restigouche ;  the  whole  having 
about  375  miles  of  coast,  and  valuable  and  inexhaustible 
fishing-grounds.  The  chief  resources  of  the  district,  with 
respect  to  exportations,  are  the  cod-,  salmon-,  mackerel-,  her- 
ring-, and  whale-fisheries,  and  lumber :  the  former  princi- 
pally in  Gasp6  co,,  and  the  latter  principally  in  Bonaven- 
ture.  It  is  mostly  settled  along  the  coast,  leaving  immense 
tracts  of  wild  lands.     Pop.  34,652. 

Gasp6,  a  maritime  county  of  Quebec,  occupying  the  B. 
portion  of  the  Gasp6  Peninsula,  has  an  area  of  4703  square 
miles.     Chief  town,  Perc6.     Pop.  18,729. 

Gasp6,  or  Gasp§  Basin,  a  post-town  and  port  of 
entry  in  Gaspe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S,  side  of  the  entrance 
to  Gasp6  Bay,  450  miles  (by  sea)  from  Quebec,  It  is  the  seat 
of  extensive  fisheries,  Ac,  and  is  distinguished  in  history 
as  being  the  place  where  Jacques  Cartier  landed  on  July 
24, 1554.  It  contains  a  branch  bank,  several  churches,  and 
6  stores.  Petroleum  has  been  obtained  here.  On  the  high 
ground  near  the  town  is  Fort  Ramsey.     Pop.  726. 

Gas'per,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  traversed  by  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad.     Pop.  895. 

Gaspereaux,  gas^p^h-ro',  a  post-village  in  Queens  oo.. 
New  Brunswick,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gaspereaux  and 
Salmon  Rivers,  81  miles  N.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Gaspereanx,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia^ 
on  Gaspereaux  River,  2i  miles  from  Wolfville.     Pop.  200. 

Gaspereaux  Station,  a  post-village  in  Queens  oo^ 
New  Brunswick,  32  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  John. 


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1248 


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Gasperina^  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Qaspabina. 

Gas  Point,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  is  at  a 
hamlet  called  Janesville. 

Gas'port,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  48  miles 
W.  of  Rochester,  and  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lockport.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  shingle-mills,  and  planing-mills,  and  has 
manufactures  of  cider  and  wine.  The  named  is  derived 
from  the  inflammable  gas  which  here  issues  from  the  ground. 

Gassa,  a  town  of  Northern  India.    See  Gbassa. 

Gassen,  gis's?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  a  railway,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1560. 

Gas'sett's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Chester  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Rutland. 

Gassino,  g&s-see'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2935. 

Gass'ville,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  co..  Ark. 

Gastdorf,  gist'donf,  or  Gastorf,  g&s'tonf,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  29  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1397. 

Gastein,  gis'tin,  a  valley  of  Austria,  province  of  Salz- 
burg, is  about  30  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  is  much 
visited  for  its  Alpine  scenery  and  its  hot  mineral  springs. 
Those  of  WiLDBAD-,  <^ilt'b&t,  (or  Bad-)  Gastein,  a  village 
46  miles  S.  of  Salzburg,  have  rendered  that  place  one  of 
the  most  fashionable  bathing-places  in  Europe.  Pop.  390. 
Hof-Qastein,  hof-gis'tin,  6  miles  farther  N.,  is  also  a  bath- 
ing-place, and  has  a  military  hospital,  and  old  silver-mines 
now  partly  covered  by  glaciers.  Pop.  735.  Dorf-Gastein, 
donf-gis'tln,  is  a  hamlet  6  miles  N.  of  Hof-Gastein.     P.  218. 

Gastel,  g&s't^l.  New  and  Old,  two  contiguous  villages 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  Brabant,  14  miles  W. 
of  Breda.     United  pop.  3580. 

Gasteren,  gis'ti-r^n,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
frontiers  of  the  canton  of  Bern,  and  W.  of  the  BlUmlis- 
alp.  It  is  almost  unsurpassed  in  savage  grandeur,  having 
for  its  background  the  great  Tschingel  glacier,  between  the 
Schilthorn  and  the  Sackhorn,  whose  summits  rise  9000  feet. 

Gas'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  (or  Little)  Catawba  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  hills  and  valleys,  and  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  pork 
are  the  staples.  Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz  rock.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Dallas,  the  capital,  and  in  the  N.E. 
portion  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,602;  in  1880,  14,254;  in  1890,  17,764. 

Gaston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  York. 

Gaston,  Fremont  co„  Iowa.     See  Pebcival. 

Gaston,  a  hamlet  in  Gaston  township,  Northampton 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  & 
Gaston  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Peters- 
burg &  Weldon  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Weldon. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2310.    See  South  Gaston. 

Gaston,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  32  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of 
Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Gaston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  28  miles 
d.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Gasto'nia,  a  post-village  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Dallas,  and  22 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  cotton-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1033. 

Gaston's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Ark.,  8  miles  W.  of  Mount  Ida.     It  has  a  church. 

Gastor,  gis-toR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  75 
miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  1696. 

Gastorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Gastdorf. 

Gastouni,  or  Gastnni,  g&s-too'nee,  a  village  of 
Greece,  in  Morea,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Klarentza.  Pop. 
1061.    See  Gulp  of  Gastouni. 

GSstrikland,  Sweden.    See  Gestrikland. 

Gas'tns,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Harbor 
Main,  Newfoundland,  at  the  head  of  Conception  Bay,  36 
miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  150. 

Gata,  gi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  65  miles 
N.W.  of  Caceres,  on  the  river  Gata.     Pop.  2084. 

Gata,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  55  miles  N.E.  of 
Alicante,  on  the  Jalon.  Pop.  2035.  See  Cape  Gata  and 
BiERRA  DE  Gata. 

Gatch'ellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in 
Fawn  township,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster.  It 
hu  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 


Gatchina,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gatshina. 

Gate  City,  formerly  £stillville,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal  of  Scott  CO.,  Va.,  31  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Bristol.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Gate  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  near 
McKenzie  River,  33  miles  E.  of  Eugene  City. 

Gate'house,  or  Gatehouse  of  Fleet,  a  borough 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kirkcudbright,  on  the  Fleet,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Kirkcudbright.  The  river  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  180  tons.     Pop.  1503. 

Gates,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Chowan  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  produces 
some  Indian  corn  and  cotton.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Suffolk  A  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Gatesville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7724;  in  1880,  8897;  in  1890,  10,252. 

Gates,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  Rochester,  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad.  Here  are  many  gardens,  which  supply  vegetables 
for  the  Rochester  markets.  It  has  4  churches.  Part  of  it 
was  annexed  to  Rochester  in  1874.     Pop.  1997. 

Gates'head,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tyne,  opposite  Newcastle,  It  has  an  unprepossessing  ap- 
pearance, and  is  densely  inhabited  by  the  working  classes. 
The  town  is  lighted  with  gas  and  well  supplied  with  water, 
has  a  parish  church,  and  several  charitable  and  benevolent 
institutions,  among  which  are  St.  James's  Hospital,  some 
charity  schools  and  almshouses,  a  dispensary,  and  mechan- 
ics' institute.  The  manufactures  of  Gateshead  include 
anchors,  chain  cables,  nails,  ship-building,  hemp  and  wire 
rope  making,  iron-founding,  paper,  glue,  vinegar,  hate, 
brass-  and  copper-works,  glass,  soap,  and  chemicals.  In 
the  neighborhood  are  extensive  collieries,  and  also  quar- 
ries of  grindstones.  It  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  6  alderuien, 
and  18  councillors,  and  returns  a  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  65,803;  in  1891,  85,709. 

Gate'side,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  399. 

Gates'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Chagrin  River,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  hai 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  churches. 

Gates  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 

Gates'ville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Republican  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Gatesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gates  co.,  N.C., 
in  Gatesville  township,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Norfolk, 
Va.,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
a  male  and  female  institute.     Pop.  156;  of  township,  1155. 

Gatesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex., 
on  Leon  River,  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Waco,  and  about  84 
miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  an  academy,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1375. 

Gate'wood,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  111. 

Gatewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Doniphan.     It  has  2  cnurohes. 

Gatha,  gi'ti,  Gatta,  git'tih^  or  Gattendorf,  glt'- 
t§n-doRr,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Wieselburg,  on  the 
Leitha,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  1400. 

Gathshina,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gatshina. 

Gatinara,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Gattinara. 

Gatine,  gi'teen',  a  district  of  France  which  belongea 
to  the  former  province  of  Poitou,  and  is  now  included  in 
the  department  of  Deux-SSvres.     Capital,  Parthenay. 

Gatineau,  giHee^no',  a  river  of  Quebec,  issues  from 
several  lakes,  near  lat.  48°  N.,  runs  southward,  and  enters 
the  Ottawa  River  about  1  mile  below  the  capital  city  of 
Ottawa.     Estimated  length,  400  miles. 

Gatineau  Point,  Quebec.    See  Templeton. 

Gatinois,  or  Gatinais,  giHee^ni',  an  old  division  o» 
France,  dependent  on  the  provinces  of  Orleannais  and  We 
of  France,  and  now  subdivided  among  the  departments  of 
Seine-et-Marne,  Loiret,  NiSvre,  and  Yonne. 

Gat'linburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gat'Iington,  a  post-office  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Chowan  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Gato,  an  island  of  Brazil.     See  Raza. 

Gato,  gi'to,  Gatto,  git'to,  Agatton,  4-g4t-ton' 
Agatho,  i-gi'to,  or  Agaton,  i-gi-ton',  a  town  of  Upp^; 
Guinea,  the  port  of  Benin,  from  which  town  it  is  distant  i  = 
miles  S.S.W.,  on  a  creek  of  the  Benin  River. 

Gatrone,  gl-tro'ni,  a  town  of  Northern  Africa,  in  Fei 
zan,  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moorzook. 


GAT 


1249 


GAY 


I  Gatshiua,  or  Gatschina,  g&t-shee'ni,  a  town  of 
{lassia,  government  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
%t  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  8890.  It  is  well  built,  and  has 
iia  imperial  palace,  with  extensive  parks,  and  in  the  town 
lats,  cloth,  and  pottery  are  made. 

Gatta,  or  Gattendorf,  Hungary.    See  Qatha. 
i   GatteO)  git-t4'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Forli,  7 
biles  E.  of  Cesena.     Pop.  3014. 

Gatteville,  gittVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
1.0  miles  E.  of  Cherbourg.  Pop.  1308,  It  gives  its  name 
|o  the  promontory  forming  the  E.  angle  of  the  peninsula  of 
Cotentin,  called  the  Raz  de  Qatteville. 
I  Gattico,  git'te-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  20 
niles  N.N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2136. 

Gattikoii)  gitHee^kon',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
f  Zurich,  1  mile  W.S.W.  of  Thalweil.  It  has  cotton-  and 
ilk-mills. 

Gattinara,  git-te-ni'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     It  contains  a 
larish  church  on  a  magnificent  scale,  4  other  churches,  and 
ihe  remains  of  some  feudal  castles.     Pop.  4670. 
I  Gatto,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Gato. 
i  Gatuii,  gi-toon',  a  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
|i«es  in  the  mountains  E.  of  Puerto  Bello,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Cha^res  River  8  miles  from  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
I  Gatun,  gft-toon',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
ID  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  situated  near  the  junction  of 
Jie  Gatun  with  the  Chagres,  about  8  miles  from  the  sea. 
I  Ganalgesheim^  g6w'ai-gh§s-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse, 
I  niles  W.  of  Ober-Ingelheim.     Pop.  2208. 
I  Gaucin,  or  Gauzin,g5w-theen'  or  gSw-seen',  a  town 
.|f  Spain,  Andalusia,  47  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     P.  4503. 
I  Gaudenzdorf)  g5w'd?nts-doRf^,  a  village  of  Austria, 
ri  luburb  of  Vienna,  on  the  Wien.     Pop.  11,692. 
I  Gaudianiim,  the  Latin  name  of  Gozzano. 
I  Gan-el-Kebeer,  g5w-fil-k§h-beer'  (ano.  Antxop'oliB), 
I  'illage  of  Egypt,  with  the  remain^  of  a  temple,  on  the  E. 
aak  of  the  Nile,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Sioot. 
]  Gaugodes,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Argo. 
I  Ganhati,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Gowhatty. 
I  Gaair,  gSw'^r,  a   river  of  Scotland,  rises  near   Loch 
iJtive,  and  enters  Loch  Rannoch,  in  the  co.  of  Perth. 
j  Gaukarna,  gaw^kaR'ni,  a  maritime  town  of  India,  in 

![iidras,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Onore. 
at.  14°  32'  N.;  Ion.  75°  25'  E.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Sanl.    See  France. 

Ganley  (gaw'lee)  Bridge,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co., 

.  Va.,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Kanawha,  and  at 

«)  mouth  of  the  Gauley  River,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of 

hirleston,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 

Md.    It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

I  Gauley  Mountains,  a  range  of  the  Appalachian  sys- 

^ti  in  West  Virginia,  continuous  to  the  S.W.  with  the  Cum- 

lerland  Mountains.     It  receives  a  variety  of  local  names. 

I  Gauley  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Pocahontas  co., 

ms  nearly  southeastward  through  Webster  and  Nicholas 

8.,  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  Fayette  co.,  and  en- 

rs  the  Kanawha  or  New  River  at  Gauley  Bridge.     It  is 

'early  120  miles  long. 

Ganlna,  gawl'ni,  a  hill  fort  and  town  of  British  India, 
0.'.  miles  E.S.E.  of  Surat. 

Gaul  OS,  the  ancient  name  of  Gozo. 

Gault'ney's,  township,  Alexander  co.,  N.C.     P.  1126. 

Ganltois,  golHwl',  a  port  of  entry  on  Long  Island,  on 
le  W.  side  of  Hermitage  Bay,  Newfoundland,  13  miles 
.W.  of  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  200. 

Gaume,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Cauambe. 

Gannersdorf,  gSw'n^rs-doRf,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
ia,  on  the  Weidenbach,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Komeuburg.    It 
insists  of  three  distinct  parts,  called  Markt-,  Wieden-,  and 
ligen-Gaunersdorf.     Pop.  of  commune,  2474. 
I  Gau-Odernheim,  Germany.    See  Odernheim. 

Ganr,  a  town  and  district  of  Afghanistan.  See  Ghore. 
j  Gaur,  a  city  of  Hindostan.     See  GouR. 

Gaure,  goR,  an  ancient  country  of  France,  whose  cap- 
al  was  Fleurance,  in  the  former  province  of  Guienne. 

Gaurisankar,  Gaourisankar,  and  Gaorisan- 
ar,  native  names  of  Mount  Everest.    See  Mount  Evkrest. 

Gauritz,  gSw'rits,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  in  Cape 
olony,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Gamka  and  Dwyka 
livers,  and  separating  the  districts  of  George  and  Zwellen- 
jvm  to  the  sea,  which  it  enters  after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles. 
I  Gause,  gawz,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Texas,  on  the 
•'itemational  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Aeame. 

Gausson,  g5s^s6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 

ord,  10  miles  N.  of  Loud6ac.     Pop.  2023. 


Gaut-Bamrari,  gawt-bar-waw'ree,  a  town  of  ladia, 
in  the  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3372. 

Gautnico,  g5w-tooI'ko,  a  harbor  of  Mexico,  state  and 
110  miles  S.E.  of  Oajaca,  on  the  Pacific. 

Gauzin,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Gaucin. 

Gavardan,  a  vicomtl  of  France.    See  Gababdak. 

Gavardo,  g&-vaR'do,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Chiese.     Fop.  2210. 

Gavarnie,  giVaR^nee',  a  frontier  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Hautes-PyrdnSes,  34  miles  S.  of  Tarbes,  4378  feet  above  the 
sea.  It  is  situated  on  a  small  stream  called  Gave  de  Pau, 
in  which  is  the  Fall  of  Gavarnie,  one  of  the  finest  cascades 
in  Europe.     Pop.  351. 

Gave,  giv  (i.e.,  "water"),  the  generic  name  of  every 
stream  in  the  French  Pyrenees. 

Gave  d'Aspe,  giv  d&sp,  and  Gave  d'Ossau,  giv 
dos^so',  Ba8ses-Pyr6n6es,  rise  near  the  Pic  du  Midi,  and 
unite  near  Oloron,  to  form  the  Gave  d'Oloron.  Length  of 
the  Gave  d'Aspe,  30  miles ;  of  the  Gave  d'Ossau,  30  miles. 

Gave  de  Pau,  g&v  d^h  po,  rises  in  Spain,  near  Mont 
Perdu,  flows  N.AV.  through  the  valley  of  Gavarnie,  and 
joins  the  Adour  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bayonne,  after  a  course 
of  110  miles.     Principal  affluent,  the  Gave  d'Oloron. 

Gavello,  gS,-v5l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Rovigo.  It  occupies  the  site  of  an  ancient 
town  of  the  same  name,  whose  splendor  is  still  attested  by 
its  ruins.     Pop.  2361. 

Gavenola,  the  Latin  name  of  Genola. 

Ga'vers,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0. 

Gavi,  gi'vee,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  5  miles  S.  of  Novi.     Pop.  6304. 

Gavia,  g&'ve-&,  a  mountain  of  Brazil,  province  and 
S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Gavia  la  Chica,  gl've-J,  li  chee'ki,  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Granada. 

Gavia  la  Grande,  gk've-i,  \i  gr&n'd^,  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Granada. 

Gavi&o,  gi-ve-owN"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Crato. 

Gaviaon,  gi-ve-owNo',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1704. 

Gavilan  Mountains.    See  Gabilan  Mountains. 

Gavilan,  Sierra  de.    See  Sierra  de  Gavilan. 

Gavirate,  gi-ve-r8,'ti,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Como,  on  Lake  Varese.     Pop.  1848. 

Gavoi,  gi-voi',  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  64 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1444. 

Gavorrano,  gi-voR-Ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  La 
Maremma,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Sienna.     Pop.  1375. 

Gavray,  giVri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coutanees.     Pop.  1821. 

Gavrilovsk,  or  Gawriiowsk,  giv-re-lovsk',  a  vil- 
lage of  Russia,  30  miles  N.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  1957. 

Gavrilovsk,  or  GaAvriloAVsk,  a  village  of  Siberia, 
government  of  Tomsk,  district  of  Barnaul. 

Gawelghur,  gi-w5l-ghur',  or  Gawulgur,  gi-wfil- 
ghur',  a  hill-fortress  of  India,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ellich 
poor.  It  was  stormed  and  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
(then  General  Wellesley)  in  1803. 

Gaw'ler,  or  Gaw'Iertown,  a  municipality  of  South 
Australia,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Adelaide.     Pop.  1809. 

Gaw'ler  Range,  a  range  of  mountains  in  South  Aus- 
tralia, about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Adelaide,  remarkable  for  their 
sterile  and  arid  character. 

Gay,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  346. 

Gaya,  ghi'i  (Moravian,  Kygoxo,  kig'ov),  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Hradisch.     P.  2475. 

Gaya,  Gayah,  or  Gya,  ghi'i,  the  southernmost  dis- 
trict of  the  Patna  division,  Bahar,  British  India.  Lat.  24* 
17'-25°  19'  N.;  Ion.  84°  4'-86°  5'  E.  Area,  4713  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  a  level  and  fertile  plain.  Chief  town, 
Gaya.     Capital,  Sahibgunge.     Pop.  1,949,750. 

Gaya,  or  Gayah,  sometimes  written  Gya,  a  town  of 
the  above  district,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Bahar,  and  adjoining, 
though  distinct  from,  Sahibgunge,  the  capital  of  the  dis- 
trict. Sahibgunge  is  well  built,  has  some  English  inhab- 
itants, a  hospital,  jail,  church,  public  library,  and  good 
public  buildings ;  but  Gaya  proper  has  narrow,  crooked,  and 
dirty  streets,  and  great  houses  of  stone  and  brick,  of  very 
singular  appearance.  Near  it  is  Boodh  Gaya,  a  very  sacred 
place  in  the  estimation  of  Booddhists,  while  Gaya  itself  is  a 
famous  place  of  pilgrimage  for  those  of  Brahmanioal  faith. 
Pop.,  with  Sahibgunge,  about  90,000. 

Gaya  (ghi'&)  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Indian 
Archipelago,  one  on  the  N.E.  coast,  the  other  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Borneo :  the  first  in  lat.  4°  56'  N.,  Ion.  118«^  62'  B.. 
th»  second  in  lat.  6°  2'  N.,  Ion.  116°  E. 


GAY 


1250 


GEE 


Gaybiel,  or  Gaibiel,  ghi-be-fil',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana. 

Gay  Head,  a  post-township  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
promontory  forming  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  22  miles  W.  of  Edgartown.  Pop.  216, 
of  partial  Indian  stock.  Here  is  a  revolving  light  raised 
170  feet  above  the  sea,  lat.  41°  20'  52"  N.,  Ion.  70°  49'  47" 
W.     The  promontory  affords  abundant  miocene  fossils. 

Gay  Head)  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  10  or  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Gay  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Brenham.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  female 
seminary. 

Gaylesville,  or  Galesville,  galz'vil,  a  post-village 
of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Chattanooga  River,  25  miles 
W.  of  Rome,\Ga.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Gay'Iord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Beloit. 

Gaylord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Otsego  co.,  Mich.,  47 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cheboygan.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a  potash-factory,  &c. 

Gaylord,  a  post-village  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  45  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  387. 

Gay'lordsville,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
at  Merwinsville  Station,  7  miles  N.  of  New  Milford,  and 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Danbury. 

Gay'norville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Greensburg.    It  has  a  church. 

Gayo'so,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  35  miles  below  New  Madrid,  and 
about  70  miles  by  land  S.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Gay's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Marengo 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee,  42  miles  below  Demopolis. 

Gays'port,  a  borough  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  is  8  miles  S.  of 
Altoona,  and  is  adjacent  to  Hollidaysburg,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  branch  of  the  Juniata  River.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  iron.     Pop.  799. 

Gay's  River,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Coldstream  Brook,  a  tributary  of  Gay's  River,  6 
miles  from  Shubenacadie.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  350. 

Gays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Stock- 
bridge  township,  on  White  River,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  ivory  buttons. 

Gay'ville,  a  post-village  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  near  the 
Missouri  River,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Yankton. 

Gaza,  gk'zk  (Arab.  Guzzeh,  guz'z^h),  a  city  of  Pales- 
tine, about  2  miles  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  48  miles 
S.W.  of  Jerusalem.  Lat.  31°  29'  N. :  Ion.  34°  29'  E.  Pop. 
about  12,000.  It  is  an  open  town,  or  rather  a  group  of  vil- 
lages, partly  built  of  stone,  but  mostly  of  earth  and  unbaked 
bricks,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  city ;  and  it  is  a  principal 
•'ntrepdt  for  the  caravans  passing  between  Egypt  and  Syria. 

Gazaca,  the  ancient  name  of  Tabreez. 

Gazelle,  ga-zel',  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Gazelle,  a  post-office  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb. 

Gazna,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.     See  Ghuznee. 

Gazuolo,  gid-zoo-o'lo,  or  Gazzuolo,  git-soo-o'lo,  a 
village  of  Italy,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  1176. 

Gaz'za,  a  village  in  Burrillville  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Oakland  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  140. 

Gazzaniga,  gS,t-s3,-nee'gS,,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles 
N.E.  by  N.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1761. 

Gazzo,  gS,t'so,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2466. 

Gazzoldo,  glt-sol'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  1278. 

Gdansk,  the  Polish  name  of  Dantzic. 

Gdov,  or  Gdow,  g'dov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bochnia.     Pop.  1140. 

Gdov,  g'dov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  120 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.     Pop.  1393. 

G6ant,  zhi^6No'  (i.e.,  "giant"),  or  Aiguille  du 
G6ant,  i^gheel'  dii  zhi*6N»',  one  of  the  principal  summits 
of  the  Pennine  Alps,  Savoy,  4^  miles  N.E.  of  Mont  Blanc, 
13,156  feet  in  elevation.  The  Col  (or  pass)  du  66ant  is 
11,146  feet  in  elevation,  and  leads  from  Courmayeur,  in 
Italy,  to  Chamouni,  in  France,  by  the  Mer  de  Glace. 

Gear'y,  or  Geary  City,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  & 
Topeka  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  grist- 
min,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  102. 


Geary,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Geary,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa. 

Geauga,  je-aw'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Cuyahoga,  Chagrin,  and  Grand  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it. 
The  surface  is  an  undulating  and  elevated  table-land,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  beech,  elm, 
chestnut,  white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  ii 
fertile,  contains  much  clay,  and  is  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Hay,  milk,  butter,  oats,  cheese,  maple  sugar,  cattle,  and  flax 
are  the  staple  products.  The  predominant  rock  is  a  pebbly 
sandstone  called  conglomerate.  The  Berea  grit,  which  crops 
out  here,  is  a  good  building-stone,  and  is  used  for  grind- 
stones. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg  k 
Western  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Chardon,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,190,-  in  1880, 
14,251;  in  1890,  13,489. 

Geauga  Lake,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Geauga  co., 
0.,  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  A  Great 
Western  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Geb  {i.e.,  "mountain")  is  an  Arabic  prefix  of  the  names 
of  numerous  heights  in  Asia  and  Africa.     See  Jebel. 

Geba,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Jeba. 

Geba,  a  village  of  Senegambia,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name.  Lat.  12°  15' N.;  Ion.  14°  35' W.  Pop.  750.  The 
Portuguese  have  a  settlement  here. 

Gebail,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Jebail. 

Geb-el'Dokhan,  jfib-el-do^kin'  (anc.  Porphyri'tei 
Mons),  in  the  E.  desert  of  Egypt,  lat.  27°  18'  N.,  Ion.  30° 
18'  E.,  with  extensive  ruins  and  vast  porphyry-quarries. 

Gebenna  Mons,  the  ancient  name  of  Cevennes. 

Gebesee,  gi'b§h-zi',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Gera.     Pop.  2279. 

Geb'hard,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Logansport  to  Chicago,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Logansport. 

Gebhardsdorf,  gh5b'harts-doRf\  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2720. 

Geb'hart's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  2i 
miles  N.W.  of  Mineral  Point.    It  has  2  churches. 

Gebseh,  ghSb's^h,  Geiboozeh,  or  Geibuzeh,  gi'- 
boo-z^h,  sometimes  written  Kivyza  (anc.  LihyBsaJ),  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Gulf  of  Ismeed,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Gebweiler,  gheb'*i-l§r  (Fr.  Guebwiller,  ghebVeer- 
lain'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  foot  of  the  Ballon  de  Gueb- 
willer, on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar.  It  ha* 
extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  11,350. 

Geby,  jib'ee?  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
Gilolo  Passage,  on  the  equator.  Ion.  129°  30'  E.  Length, 
about  26  miles;  average  breadth,  3  miles. 

Ged'des,  a  hamlet  of  Ann  Arbor  township,  Washtenaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Ann  Arbor.     It  has  12  dwellings  and  a  paper-mill. 

Geddes,  formerly  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
but  now  forming  wards  0  and  10  of  the  city  of  Syracuse. 

Geddes,  a  township  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  adjoining 
Syracuse  on  the  W.  It  is  travert^ed  by  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  Railroad,  and  contains  the  post-village 
of  Solvay,  a  church,  and  a  steel-foundry,  and  is  the  seat 
of  the  Solvay  Process  Company.     Pop.  in  1890,  1571. 

Gedeh,  gi'deh,  a  mountain  of  Java,  province  of  Pre- 
anger,  about  46  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Batavia.  It  is  one  of  the 
loftiest  mountains  in  the  island,  its  highest  peak,  named 
Pangerango,  being  9868  feet  high.  The  peak  called  Gedeh 
is  only  about  10  or  12  feet  lower,  and  sends  forth  at  timei 
thick  volumes  of  smoke,  and  also  flames  and  ashes,  but 
neither  lava  nor  stones,  so  far  as  yet  known.  It  is  covered 
to  its  very  top  with  a  thick  rank  vegetation. 

Gedern,  gi'd§rn,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nidda.     Pop.  1789. 

Gedrosia,  the  ancient  name  of  Beloochistan. 

Geduma,  gi-doo'mi,  a  state  of  West  Africa,  on  the  n. 
frontier  of  Senegambia,  having  N.  the  Sahara,  and  S.  th« 
Senegal,  which  separates  it  from  Galam  and  Bondoo. 

Geduz,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Sarabat. 

Geel,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Gheel. 

Geelong,  gheeMong',  a  town  in  the  S.E.  of  Australia, 
colony  of  Victoria,  co.  of  Grant,  near  the  head  of  Geelong 
harbor,  an  arm  of  Corio  Bay,  not  far  from  the  Barwon,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  Lat.  38°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  25'  E. 
Numerous  warehouses  have  been  erected  here,  and  the 
neighborhood  is  adorned  with  cottages  and  gardens.  The 
surrounding  country  is  exceedingly  beautiful,  the  soil  fer- 
tile, and  the  climate  healthy.  The  harbor,  naturally  goo<i, 
has  been  much  improved  by  dredging  and  by  the  constructi^P 
of  jetties.  Railways  extend  to  Melbourne  and  Ballarat. 
Geelong  has  several  orphanages,  a  grammar-school,  an  in- 


GEE 


1251 


GEM 


ijistrial  school,  a  refuge  for  women,  a  general  hospital,  good 

ablic  buildings,  and   some  export  trade.     The  town  is 

ghted   with   gas,   and   has   a  good   water-supply.     Pop. 

6,026. 

'iGeelvink,  ghil'vink^  a  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 

»pua,  between  Great  Bay  and  Dampier  Strait.     Lat.  1° 

VS.;  Ion.  137°  5'  E. 

I  Geelvink  Channel.    See  Gelyink  Channel. 

Geer,  a  river  of  Belgium.     See  Jaar. 
I  Geeradsbergen,  the  Flemish  name  of  Grahuont. 
i  Geertniidenberg,  HiR-troi'd§n-b4RQ\  or  Gertruy- 
lenberg,  H^R-troi'd^n-bfiRO^  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
|.  North  Brabant,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1900. 

Geervlite,  HiR'fleeH^h,  or   Geervliet,  HaR'fleet,  a 
|wn  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  5  miles  E.S.E. 
[  Briel,  on  the  isle  of  Putten.     Pop.  1128. 
j  Geestemunde,  gis't^h-miinM?,  a  town  and  railway 
lation  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Weser, 

the  mouth  of  the  Geeste,  a  small  stream  which  divides  it 
jom  Bremerhaven,  of  which  it  is  a  southern  suburb.  It  is 
(free  port,  and  does  not  belong  to  the  Zollverein.  Pop.  of 
feostemunde  Hafen,  3436;  of  the  adjacent  Geestendorf, 
)S9 ;  totel  pop.  10,425. 

jGee'tingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  2 J 
lilea  from  Sedalia  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
jGeezeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Gheezeh. 
((irefell)  gi-fell',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  in  a  de- 
kjlied  district,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1789. 
{(Seff  Station,  Wayne  co.,  111.     See  jEFFERSONViiiLE. 

Gefle,  ySv'li,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital 
t  t\  laen  of  its  own  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gefle  River, 
I  ;he  terminus  of  a  railway  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  100 
ihs  N.N.W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  20,753.  The  river  here 
|p  irates  into  3  arms,  enclosing  2  islands,  on  which,  and  on 
rt  1  banks,  the  town  is  situated.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
It  has  wide  streets  and  an  excellent  harbor.  Principal 
jiiioes,   an  old   castle,   now   the    government-house,  the 

nacil-house,  high  school,  lazaretto,  and  hospitals.  It  has 
ji)»-yards,  sugar-refineries,  and  tanneries,  and  exports  iron 

t(i  agricultural  products. 
(iefle,  yiv'li,  orGefleborg,  ySv'li-boRG^,  a  maritime 
,n  or  province  of  Sweden,  mostly  between  lat.  60°  and  62° 
!'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and  17°  30'  E.,  having  E.  the  Gulf  of 
stinia.  Area,  7561  square  miles.  Capital,  Gefle.  Pop, 
1 1876,  165,772;  in  1890,  206,924. 

jCrcfrees,  ghSf-rice',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
bia,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1520. 
iCreho,  or  Gehol,  China.  •  See  Ching-Te. 
jCrehren,  gi'r^n,  or  Amt-Gehren,  4mt-gi'r§n,  a  vil- 
«  in  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Gotha. 
[Creib,  ghJbe  (Hun.  Hihbe,  hib'bi^,  or  i/y6y,  hib'bee^),  a 

w.\  of  Hungary,  on  the  Waag,  106  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pesth. 

Greibuzeh,  or  Geiboozeh,  Turkey.     See  Gebseh. 

G-eiersberg,  ghi'^rs-biRO*,  Supihora,  soo-pe-ho'ri, 

Kyssperk,  kiss'pfiRk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  32  miles  S. 

Koniggratz,  on  the  Stille  Adler.     Pop.  1605. 

Geiger's  (ghl'j^rz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co., 

k.,  is  at  Geigertown  Station  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Read- 

5  Railroad,  14i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading. 

Geigersville,  ghl'j^rz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co., 

k.,  30  miles  from  Russell ville.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 

11,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Geigersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  at  Rush 

ation  on  the  Lexington  A  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  14  miles 
W.  of  Ashland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Geilenkirchen,  ghri§n-k6SRK'?n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 

lussia,  13  miles  N.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Worm. 

fp.,  including  Hiinshofen,  3880. 

iGeilnau,  ghil'nSw,  a  watering-place  of  Germany,  in 

Jsse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  9  miles  E.  of  Coblentz. 

Geisa,  ghl'zi,  a  town  of  Saxe- Weimar,  24  miles  S.S.W. 

j  Eisenach,  on  the  Ulster.     Pop.  1576. 

peiselhoring,  ghi'z^l-ho^ring,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 

p  Little  Laber,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  S.E.  of 

itisbon.     Pop.  1820. 

jGeisenfeld,  ghi'z^n-fSlt',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 

k  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Landshut.     Pop.  1773. 

Geisenheim,  ghi'z§n-hime\  a   town   of  Prussia,  in 

Mse-Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mentz. 

jp.  2791. 

Geish,  gish,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Abyssinia,  in  Amhara, 

i;the  sources  of  the  Blue  Nile,  lat.  11°  N.,lon.  36°  55'  E. 

bight,  9700  feet  above  sea-level.  It  is  connected  by  a 
"Ver  ridge  with  Mount  Lichema,  which  is  still  higher. 

'Geislingen,  ghis'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  17 

ijles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  3671. 

jGeispolzheim,   ghls'polts-hime',  or  Geispitzen, 


ghls-pit's^n,  a  village  of  Alsace,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Strasburg.     Pop.  2217. 

Geistown,  ghis'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  oo.. 
Pa.,  in  Richland  township,  3  miles  from  Johnstown.  It  haa 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Geithain,  ghlt'hine,  or  Geiten,  ghi't^n,  a  town  of 
Saxony,  24  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  3784. 

Gelatt,  jeMSltt',  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 

Gelderland,  or  Guelderland,  ghSl'd^r-l^jid  (Fr. 
Oueldre,  ghSld'r;  Dutch,  Gelderland,  Hil'd^r-lint^),  a  prov- 
ince of  the  Netherlands,  having  N.W.  the  Zuyder  Zee,  S.E. 
the  Prussian  dominions,  and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of 
Overyssel, Utrecht,  South  Holland,  and  North  Brabant.  Area, 
1972  square  miles.  The  surface  is  more  hilly  than  in  most 
of  the  Dutch  provinces.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Waal 
and  Old  Rhine,  the  Yssel,  forming  its  N.E.  boundary,  and 
the  Meuse,  its  S.  boundary.  Along  their  banks  a  good  deal 
of  fruit  is  raised  for  export,  with  corn,  hops,  and  tobacco ; 
elsewhere  the  land  is  generally  poor.  Principal  crops, 
wheat,  rye,  potatoes,  buckwheat,  and  tobacco.  Many  cattle 
are  reared.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  paper, 
and  leather,  with  tile-making;  brewing  and  distilling  ar« 
extensively  carried  on.  The  province  is  divided  into  4 
districts;  chief  towns,  Arnhem,  the  capital,  Nymwegen, 
Thiel,  and  Zutphcn.     Pop.  in  1891,  520,210. 

Geldermalsnm,  ghfird§r-mArs?m,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  6  miles  W.  of  Thiel.    Pop.  3287. 

Geldern,  ghfil'd^rn  (Fr.  Gueldret,  ghfild'r),  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Wesel,  on  the  Niers.     Pop.  5194. 

Geldersheim,  ghSl'd^rs-hlme^  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
in  Lower  Franconia,  near  Schweinfurt.     Pop.  1045. 

Geldrop,  ghfil'drop,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bois-Ie-Duc.    Pop.  2206. 

Geleen,  gi-lain',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  ll  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  2258. 

Gelenau,  ghjr§n-6w\  or  Gelnau,  ghfll'nSw,  a  village 
of  Saxony,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Thum.     Pop.  5048. 

Gel'lah,  a  town  of  Africa,  20  miles  N.  of  Tunis,  said  to 
be  the  ancient  Castra  Corneliaiia. 

Gellivare,  ySl'le-vi^ri,  a  village  of  Sweden,  laen  of 
Norrbotten,  in  Luled  Lappmark,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of 
PiteA.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Gelnhausen,  gh5ln'h5w^z§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.N.E,  of 
Hanau,  on  the  Kinzig.     Pop.  3684. 

Gelsenkirchen,  ghel's§n-keerK'§n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bochum. 
It  is  a  place  of  recent  growth.     Pop.  11,295. 

Gelverdeh,  gh51-v5r'd§h,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Kaisareeyeh. 

Gelves,  hSI'vSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Seville,  near  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  917. 

Gelvink,  ghfil'vink  (written  also  Geelvink),  Chan- 
nel, S.W.  of  Australia,  between  the  Abrolhos  and  tho 
mainland.     It  is  30  miles  in  width  and  60  miles  in  length. 

Gem,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitta- 
burg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Gem,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  about  11  milea 
N.N.W.  of  El  Kader. 

Gemappe,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Jemuapes. 

Gemarke,  g^h-maR'k^h,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
now  a  part  of  Barmen. 

Gembloux,  zhfijt^bloo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Namur.  A  state  agricultural 
establishment  is  located  here.     Pop.  2700. 

Gemenos,  zhi^mi^nos',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouohea- 
du-Rh6ne,  15  miles  E.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1752. 

Gemert,  H^'mdnt  (Fr.  pron.  zh&^maiR'),  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  IS  miles  S.E.  of  Bois- 
le-Duo.     Pop.  4852. 

Gemini,  or  San  Gemini,  s&nj£m'$-ne  (anc.  Cameti'- 
Hum),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Perugia,  13  miles  S.W 
of  Spoleto.     Pop.  1879.     It  has  many  ancient  edifices. 

Gemishkhana,  Turkey.    See  Goomish-Khaneb. 

Gemmi,  ghdm'mee,  a  remarkable  mountain-pass  across 
the  Alps,  in  Switzerland,  between  the  cantons  of  Bern  .ind 
Valais,  24  miles  S.  of  Thun,  7595  feet  above  sea-level. 

Gemona,  ji-mo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.N.W 
of  Udine,  near  the  Tagliamento.     Pop.  7665. 

G6mozac,  zhi^mo^z&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inf6rieure,  13  miles  S.  of  Saintes.     Pop.  801. 

Gemiind,  gh^h-miint',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Rhenist 
Prussia,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Ruhr.     Pop.  1500. 

Gemund,  of  Austria  and  Bavaria.     See  Qmund. 

Gemilnden,  g'miin'd^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  Bavaria, 


GEM 


1252 


GEN 


9n  the  Main,  iirhere  it  is  joined  by  the  Saale,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1838. 

Gemfindeii,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  533. 

Gemiindeii)  a  Tillage  of  Rhenish  Pnusia,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1060. 

Genabum,  the  ancient  name  of  Orleans. 

Genalguacil,  ni-nil-gwi-theel',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1539. 

Genappe^  zh^h-n&pp',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  on  the  Dyle,  and  on  the  Mons-Wavre  Railway,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1600. 

Genargentn,  ji-naR-jen-too',  the  loftiest  mountain- 
range  of  Sardinia,  near  the  centre  of  the  island.  Its  prin- 
3ipal  summit  rises  to  5276  feet  above  the  sea. 

Genaro,  j&-n&'ro,  or  Monte  Gennaro,  mon'ti  jia- 
n&'ro,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Rome,  4185 
feet  in  height. 

Genava,  an  ancient  name  of  Geneva. 

Genazzano,  ji-n&t-s&'no,  or  Genazeno,  ji-n&d- 
Ei'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Rome.  It  contains  the  rich  chapel  of  Madonna 
di  Buon  Consiglio,  one  of  the  most  famous  shrines  in  this 
vicinity.     Pop.  3565. 

Gend,  a  town  of  Belgium,    See  Ghent. 

Gendringen,  ghSn'dring-^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  on  the  Alt-Yssel,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Arnhem.     Pop.  1000. 

Genegan'set,  Genegants'Iet,  or  Genegan'- 
sette,  a  small  river  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Chenango  River  about  5  miles  above 
Chenango  Forks. 

Genegantslet,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Greene. 

Genemuiden,  n^'n^h-moi^d^n,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Overyssel,  8  miles  N.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2315. 

Gen^rac,  zh^^n^V&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gard,  7 
miles  S.  of  NJmes.     Pop.  2093. 

Gen'eraPs  Island,  one  of  the  sea-island  group  or 
chain,  belonging  to  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.     Pop.  49. 

General  Wayne,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
at  Elm  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  is  adjacent  to  Belmont  Driving-Park. 

Generos'tee  Creek,  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  flows 
8.A7.  into  the  Savannah  River. 

Gdnes,  the  French  name  of  Genoa. 

Genesee,  jdn^e-see',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part 
of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  640  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Flint  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Shiawassee 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  mostly  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  hay,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  and 
the  Cincinnati,  Saginaw  A  Mackinaw  Railroad.  The 
Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  connects  Port  Huron 
with  Flint,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  A  branch 
of  the  Flint  <k  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  extends  to  Fostoria. 
Pop.  in  1870,  33,900;  in  1880,  39,220;  in  1890,  39,430. 

Genesee,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York.  Area, 
600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Tonawanda,  Oak  Or- 
chard, and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  barley,  wool,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  gypsum, 
hydraulic  limestone,  and  corniferous  limestone  of  the 
Devonian  age.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central 
&  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  and  the  Tonawanda 
Valley  A  Cuba  Railroad.  Capital,  Batavia.  Pop.  in  1870, 
31,606;  in  1880,  32,806;  in  1890,  33,265. 

Genesee,  a  post-village  of  Latah  co.,  Idaho,  29  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pullman,  Washington.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  brick-factory.     Pop.  282. 

Genesee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  (Flint  River  division),  4 
miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Genesee  Village. 

Genesee,  or  Gennesee,  a  township  of  Kandiyohi 
eo.,  Minn.     Pop.  652.     It  contains  Atwater. 

Genesee,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  958. 
ft  contains  Ceres. 

Genesee,  a  station  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Wellsville. 

Genesee,  a  township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  767. 

Genesee,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  oo.,  Wis.,  in 


Genesee  township,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Waukesha,  and  1 
or  2  miles  S.  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  400 ;  of  the  township,  1376. 

Genesee  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Genesee  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  hai 
a  church,  2  stores,  and  about  15  houses. 

Genesee  Falls,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y, 
about  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  is  bounded  on  the  E 
by  the  Genesee  River.  It  contains  Portageville,  or  Genesee 
Falls,  and  is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  909. 

Genesee  Falls,  or  Port'ageville,  a  post- village  of 
Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  13  miles  by  railroad  S.S.E.  of  Warsaw,  and  61 
miles  E.S.E.  of  BuflFalo.  It  has  3  churches.  Near  this 
place  the  railroad  crosses  the  Genesee  by  an  iron  bridge, 
820  feet  long,  and  236  feet  above  the  water.  Here  is  a 
beautiful  cataract,  about  100  feet  high,  below  which  the 
river  runs  in  a  gorge  380  feet  deep.  Within  the  distance 
of  li  miles  are  3  falls,  one  of  68  feet,  one  of  110  feet,  and 
one  of  90  feet.  The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Portageville, 
Pop.  491. 

Genesee  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Genesee  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Wellsville,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory  and  a  saw-mill. 

Genesee  River  rises  in  Potter  co..  Pa.,  from  which 
it  passes  into  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  It  flows  generally 
northward,  forming  the  southeast  boundary  of  Wyoming 
CO.,  then  intersects  Livingston  and  Monroe  cos.,  and  enters 
Lake  Ontario  7  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  is  nearly  200 
miles  long.  Near  the  middle  of  its  course  it  runs  for  20 
miles  in  a  deep  and  narrow  gorge,  between  perpendicular 
cliffs  of  sandstone  which  at  some  places  are  350  feet  high. 
In  this  gorge  it  descends  more  than  500  feet,  and  forms  3 
cascades,  one  of  which,  near  Portageville,  is  110  feet  high. 
This  cascade  is  called  Portage  Falls.  At  Mount  Morris, 
in  Livingston  co.,  the  river  emerges  from  this  chaam  into 
the  broad  and  fertile  Genesee  Valley.  At  Rochester  the 
river  has  a  vertical  fall  of  about  95  feet  and  aflfords  un- 
limited water-power.  Between  this  place  and  the  mouth 
of  the  river  occurs  another  cascade,  nearly  as  high.  The 
Genesee  Valley  Canal  follows  the  course  of  this  river,  and 
extends  from  Rochester  to  Olean,  a  distance  of  about  90 
miles. 

Genesee  Village,  Michigan.    See  Genesee. 

Genese'o,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  in  Geneseo 
township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island,  75  miles  W.  of  Ottawa, 
and  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  Green  River.  It  has  a  high  school, 
2  banks,  11  churches,  3  large  grain-warehouses,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  stove-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  fur-  - 
niture,  farming-implements,  stoves,  wagons,  Ac.  Coal  ii 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3182;  of  the  township,  4069. 

Geneseo,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa,  tra- 
ersed  by  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  397. 

Geneseo,  a  village  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  11  miles  I 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Lyons.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  399. 

Geneseo,  a  post-village,  capital  of   Livingston  OO.i  ' 
N.Y.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Genesee  River,  in  Genews  -i^ 
township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Roches-  { 
ter,  and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dansville.      It  contains  6 
churches,  a  public  library  of  11,700  volumes,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  state  normal  and  training  school,  a  union  school, 
a  glove-  and  mitten-factory,  a  canning-factory,  a  natioB»l 
bank,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  2286. 

Genest,  or  Le  Genest,  leh  zh§h-ni',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1018. 

Genestelle,  zh§VnfisH5ll',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dSche,  9  miles  W.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1411, 

Geneva,  jen-ee'va  (Fr.  Geneve,  zh?h-naiv'  or  zb^n- 
n8v';  Ger.  Gen/,  ghSnf;  It.  ffinewa,  je-ni'vri;  Sp.  Gt- 
nebra,  He-ni'nri;  anc.  Gene'va  or  Gena'va),  the  largert 
city  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  a  canton  of  its  own  name,  in 
the  centre  of  a  basin  the  sides  of  which  are  formed  partly 
by  the  lower  slopes  of  the  Jura  and  partly  by  secondwy ' 
chains  of  the  Alps,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of 
Geneva,  where  it  narrows  almost  to  a  point  and  poin  J>"* 
the  Rhone,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and  diiaoiBg 
the  town  into  two  portions,  the  larger  of  which  is  on 
the  left  or  S.  bank.  The  environs  are  covered  with  hand- 
some villas,  and  the  city  itself,  when  approached  either  p\ 
land  or  by  water,  has  a  very  imposing  appearance.  It 
connected  by  railway  with  Lyons  and  with  Lausanne, 
is  surrounded  by  walls  flanked  with  bastions,  and  is  enterei 
on  the  land  side  by  three  gates.     Geneva  is  divided  mw 


QEN 


1253 


GEN 


two  parta,  upper  and  lower.  The  upper  town,  occupied 
chiefly  by  the  ourgher  aristocracy,  contains  a  considerable 
number  of  well-built  houses  and  handsome  hotels ;  the 
lower  town,  the  seat  of  trade  and  the  residence  of  the 
•  poorer  classes,  is  very  indifferently  built,  consisting  chiefly 
lof  houses  remarkable  only  for  their  disproportioned  height, 
and  lining  narrow,  irregular,  dark,  and  ill-cleaned  streets. 
The  chief  exception  is  along  the  banks  of  the  Rhone,  where 
a  quay  about  400  yards  long  is  bordered  by  a  row  of  hand- 
isome  modern  houses.  The  more  important  public  build- 
lings  and  institutions  are  the  cathedral,  or  church  of  St. 
I  Pierre,  a  Gothic  structure  of  the  tenth,  eleventh,  and  twelfth 
I  centuries,  occupying  the  highest  site  in  the  town,  and  by  its 
jthree  towers  forming  the  most  conspicuous  object  within  it; 
jthe  town  house,  in  the  Florentine  style;  the  Mus6e  Rath, 
a  neat  building,  named  after  its  founder;  the  arsenal,  with 
a  collection  of  ancient  armor;  the  old  prison,  originally  the 
bishop's  palace;  the  casino,  penitentiary,  and  house  of 
correction.  Among  the  principal  educational  institutions 
may  be  mentioned  the  college  which  was  founded  by  Cal- 
I  rin ;  the  academy,  composed  of  the  four  faculties  of  theol- 
logy,  law,  science,  and  literature,  with  a  public  library,  a 
J  fine  museum  of  natural  history,  and  a  botanic  garden;  the 
j  primary  schools,  a  number  of  other  schools  supported  by 
ithe  state  or  special  endowments,  and  a  great  many  private 
(boarding-schools,  some  of  which  are  of  considerable  celeb- 
jriy.  Besides  these,  there  is  the  Evangelical  School,  a 
jtieological  seminary,  and  the  Ath6n6e,  an  art  institution. 
I  The  only  important  manufacture  of  Geneva  is  that  of 
jvatches,  musical  boxes,  and  jewelry.  The  trade  is  very 
Icmch  restricted  by  the  narrow  limits  of  the  Genevese  terri- 
it  )ry.  There  is  also  a  want  of  a  proper  navigable  outlet, 
jt  le  navigation  of  the  Rhone  below  Geneva  being  much  ob- 
18  jucted.  Its  chief  trade,  in  addition  to  that  furnished  by 
|i  B  staple  manufacture,  consists  in  supplying  the  surround- 
i  ig  districts  with  merchandise.  , 

The  origin  of  Geneva  is  unknown,  but  its  antiquity  is 
If  roved  by  the  reference  which  Cassar  makes  to  it.  It  was 
Is  locessively  occupied  by  the  Burgundians,  who  made  it  their 
(C  ipital,  the  Ostrogoths,  and  the  Franks.  It  next  formed 
pirt  of  the  second  kingdom  of  Burgundy,  and  became  in- 
'orporated  with  the  Germanic  Empire.  By  a  grant  of  the 
je  nperors,  the  temporal  was  added  to  the  spiritual  power  of 
tlie  bishops,  and  the  Counts  of  Savoy,  having  succeeded  in 
'controlling  the  nomination  of  the  bishops,  became  in  a  man- 
in  3r  masters  of  Geneva.  This  state  of  affairs  was  suddenly 
liiiterrupted  by  the  Reformation,  to  which  the  Genevese  are 
iiidebted  both  for  their  civil  and  their  religious  freedom.  The 
celebrity  which  they  afterwards  acquired,  chiefly  under  the 
Igiidance  of  Calvin  and  his  associates,  is  matter  of  history. 
\The  city  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1798,  and  formed,  till 
|1H13,  the  capital  of  the  department  of  Leman.  In  1814, 
lalong  with  a  small  territory,  it  joined  the  Helvetic  Confed- 
[eration.     Pop.  in    188(1,  68,H20 ;  in   1888,  71,807;  in  1893, 

|7S,777. Adj.  iind  inhab.  Genevksk,  jSn^e-veez'. 

Geneva,  a  small  canton  of  the  Swiss  Confederation, 
pounded  W.  and  N.W.  by  France,  N.  by  the  canton  of 
fVaud  and  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  and  E.  and  S.  by  France, 
land  including  also  the  communes  of  Celigny,  Le  Coudre, 
jand  Petit  Bois,  enclosed  by  Vaud.   Area,  91  English  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  broken  by  several  hills,  none  of  which 
are  more  than  400  feet  above  the  lake.     The  whole  canton 
(belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Rhone,  and  the  only  streams  of 
jinjportance  are  that  river  and  the  Arve,  which  joins  it  a 
|little  below  the  town  of  Geneva.     The  soil  has  been  so 
jmuch  improved  by  skilful  and  persevering  culture  that  the 
|whole  territory  wears  the  appearance  of  a  large  and  beau- 
tiful garden.     Even  the  natural  flora  is  remarkably  rich, 
[and  makes  the  surrounding  country  a  favorite  resort  of  the 
botanist.     Part  of  the  surface  is  under  the  culture  of  the 
Ivine ;  but  the  wine  is  not  remarkable  for  either  quantity 
r  quality.    The  manufactures  are  extensively  carried  on, 
nd  consist  chiefly  of  clocks  and  watches,  gold,  silver,  and 
ther  metal  wares,  woollen  cloths,  silk  goods  of  various  de- 
Qriptions,  hats,  and  leather.      The  territory  of  Geneva, 
aving,  by  the  arrangement  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  ob- 
lined  an  accession  of  15  communes  detached  from  France 
|*nd  Savoy,  was  admitted  a  member  of  the  Swiss  Confed- 
eration in  1814.     The  legislative  power  is  exercised  by  a 
great  council,  composed  of  deputies   elected  by  all  male 
^iiizens  of  21  years  of  age  and  not  under  legal  incapacity. 
All  religious  denominations  are  declared  to  have  perfect 
freedom,  and  in  1870  the  number  of  Catholics  and  of  Prot- 
lestante  was  about  equal.     Capital,  Geneva.     Pop.  in  1876, 
,99,.-?52;  in  1880,  99,712;  in  1888,  105,509. 

Gene'va,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
a«ring  on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles. 


It  is  intersected  by  the  Choctawhatohee  and  Pea  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Geneva.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2969;  in  1880,  4342;  in  1890,  10,690. 

Geneva,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Choctawhatohee,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pea  River,  about 
85  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  oflice,  a  lumber-mill,  and  general 
business  houses.     Pop.  637. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Sonth- 
weslern  Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Geneva,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kane  co..  111.,  in 
Geneva  township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  FoX  River 
Valley  Railroad  and  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  N. 
of  Aurora.  It  is  the  sent  of  important  manufactures,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
high  school,  a  cooperage,  a  glucose-factory,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1692;  of  the  township,  2030. 

Geneva,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  38  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  public  schools,  a  heading-factory,  and  a 
handle-factory.     Pop.  748. 

Geneva,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Noble  town- 
ship, on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Sulphur  Hill  Post-Office. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Geneva 
township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  36  miles  S. 
of  Mason  City,  and  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ackley,  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  669. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  in  Geneva 
township,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Humboldt,  and  3  miles  E. 
of  Neosho  Falls.   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  of  township,  593. 

Geneva,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Rollin 
township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adrian. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  131. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw 
Bay.     Pop.  207. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1002.     Geneva  Station  is  at  Irvington. 

Geneva,  a  post-hamlet  of  Freeborn  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Geneva  township,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  about 
35  miles  S.  of  Faribault,  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Austin. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  463. 

Geneva,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fillmore  co.,  Neb., 
8  miles  S.  of  Fairmont  Railroad  Station,  and  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  a  high  school,  and  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory. 

Geneva,  a  beautiful  town  in  Geneva  township,  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  N.  end  of  Seneca  Lake,  about  16  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Canandaigua.  By  railroad  it  is  26  miles  W. 
of  Auburn,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  is  on  the 
Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  the 
direct  line  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  system,  and  of  the  Fall 
Brook  system.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high  ground  on  the 
W.  shore  of  the  lake,  and  contains  many  handsome  resi- 
dences. Geneva  contains  10  or  11  churches,  the  Geneva 
Classical  and  Union  School  for  boys,  2  national  banks,  and 
a  water-cure,  and  is  the  seat  of  Hobart  College  (Protestant 
Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1824  and  has  a  library 
of  13,000  volumes.  Five  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Steamboats  ply  daily  in  all  seasons  of  the  year  be- 
tween this  place  and  Watkins,  which  is  about  36  miles  dis- 
tant. Here  are  8  large  nurseries  of  fruit-trees.  Geneva 
has  also  optical-works,  bending-works,  and  manufactures 
of  engines,  boilers,  and  steam  heating-apparatus.  Pop.  in 
1890,  7567;  of  the  township,  8877. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  3  miles 
from  Lake  Erie,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  graded  school, 
a  normal  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
hardware,  tools,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  2194. 

Geneva,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Geneva,  a  village  of  Rhode  Island,  now  in  the  10th 
ward  of  Providence.     Pop.  250. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  the  shore 
of  a  beautiful  lake  of  the  same  name.  It  is  traversed  by 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Within 
its  limits,  on  the  railroad,  at  the  eastern  end  and  outlet  of 
the  lake  is  the  city  of  Lake  Geneva,  distant  about  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Elkhorn,  and  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 


GEN 


1254 


GEN 


It  ha£  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  female 
eeminary,  and  a  manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowers. 
Several  citizens  of  Chicago  have  fine  residences  here. 
Steamboats  navigate  the  lake,  which  is  about  10  miles 
long.  Pop.  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1073 ; 
of  the  city  in  1890,  2297. 

Gene'va*  a  post-village  in  Argenteail  oc,  Quebec,  3 
miles  S.  of  Lachute.     Pop.  150. 

Geneva  Bay^  a  village  in  Walworth  township,  Wal- 
worth CO.,  Wis.,  at  the  W.  end  of  Geneva  Lake,  about  25 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Janesville.     Pop.  997. 

Geneva  Lake^  Wisconsin,  in  the  S.  part  of  Walworth 
00.,  is  about  10  miles  long,  and  varies  in  width  from  1  to  2 
miles.  The  water,  which  is  deep  and  pure,  is  discharged 
by  a  creek  which  issues  from  the  N.E.  end  of  the  lake  and 
enters  Fox  River. 

Geneva  Switch ,  a  station  in  Kane  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Aurora,  and  at  the 
junction  of  one  of  the  railroads  running  N.  to  Qeneva. 

Geneve,  the  French  for  Geneva. 

Gene'via,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky. 

Genf,  the  German  name  of  Geneva. 

Geufer-See,  lake,  Switzerland.  See  Lake  of  Geneva. 

Gengenbach,  ghdng'^n-b&K^  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Kinzig,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zell.     Pop.  2340. 

Genii)  Jenil,  or  Xenil,  H^-neel',  a  river  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  joins  the  Guadalquivir  33  miles  S.W.  of  Cor- 
dova, after  a  W.N.W.  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Genill6)  zh^h-nee^y^',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- 
Loire,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  424. 

GeniS)  zh^h-nee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  23 
miles  E.N.E,  of  P6rigueux.     Pop.  1436. 

Genissac,  zh^h-nees^sik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gi- 
ronde,  20  miles  E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1185. 

Genitchi,  a  strait  of  Russia.     See  Sivasb. 

Geni'to,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  oo.,  Va.,  on  the  Ap- 

Somattox  River,  at  Powhatan  Station  on  the  Richmond  A 
•anville  Railroad,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Genlis,  zhfiNoMee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
C6te-d'0r,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  969. 

Gennargentu,  mountains.     See  Genargentu. 

GennarO)  jin-n&'ro,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  9  miles  N. 
of  Tivoli,  belonging  to  the  eastern  branch  of  the  Central 
Apennines.  Height,  4289  feet.  With  the  exception  of 
Guadagnolo,  it  is  the  highest  point  in  the  chain  which 
bounds  the  Campagna  on  the  E. 

Gennep,  H^n'ndp,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  on  the  Prussian  frontier,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Nymwegen. 

GcnneS)  zhdnn,  several  villages  of  France;  the  prin- 
cipal in  the  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Angers,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Loire.     Pop.  1758. 

Gennesareth,  Lake  of.    See  Tabareeyah. 

Genoa)  j5n'o-a  (Ital.  Oenova,  jfin'o-vft;  Fr.  Ginet, 
chain ;  anc.  Gen'na),  a  fortified  seaport  city  of  Northern 
Italy,  on  the  Mediterranean,  between  the  rivers  Bisagno 
and  Polcevera,  at  a  railway  junction,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Turin. 
Lat.  44°  24'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  53'  E.  The  appearance  of  the 
city  from  the  sea  is  beautiful  and  striking:  it  is  in  the  form 
of  a  crescent,  and  rises  gradually  from  the  shore, — the  white- 
ness of  the  houses,  the  imposing  outlines  of  the  intermin- 
gling palaces,  and  the  distant  villas  and  gardens,  heighten- 
ing the  effect  of  its  picturesque  position.  Immediately  be- 
hind the  city  rises  an  abrupt  hill,  covered  with  villas  and 
country-houses.  The  city  is  enclosed  by  a  double  line  of 
fortifications,  forming  a  vast  semicircle,  supported  by  nu- 
merous detached  outworks,  crowning  hill  after  hill,  and 
constituting  one  of  the  most  extensive  town  fortifications  in 
Europe,  the  outer  wall  being  about  7  miles  in  extent.  In 
the  older  parts  of  the  town  the  streets  are  extremely  narrow, 
being  seldom  more  than  10  feet  wide,  with  lofty  buildings 
on  either  side.  They  are  also  dark,  steep,  and  crooked, 
and  almost  wholly  inaccessible  to  carriages.  In  the  newer 
quarters,  again,  many  of  them  are  spacious  and  are  lined 
with  noble  edifices.  The  finest  of  these  streets  are  the  Strada 
Nuova  and  the  Strada  Balbi,  in  both  of  which  are  palaces 
of  the  most  superb  architecture.     Most  of  the  streets  are 

Eaved  with  smooth  slabs  of  lava,  having  a  pathway  of 
ricks  in  the  centre  to  afford  footing  to  mules  and  to  per- 
sons carrying  burdens.  Many  of  the  palaces  are  crowded 
with  works  of  art  and  splendidly  fitted  up.  The  principal 
are  the  ducal  palace,  the  palaces  of  Doria,  Serra,  Giusti- 
niani,  Cambiaso,  Balbi,  Adorno,  Durazzo,  and  the  palaces 
of  the  king  and  the  queen-mother. 

The  churches  and  hospitals  of  Genoa  rival  the  palaces  in 
splendor.  The  most  remarkable  of  the  former  is  the  Duomo, 
or  cathedral  of  San  Lorenzo,  founded  in  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury, but  not  completed  till  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth. 


The  most  conspicuous  church  in  the  general  view  of  the 
city  is  that  of  Carignano,  finely  situated  on  a  hill,  and 
having  a  resemblance  to  St.  Peter's  in  its  general  plan.  The 
other  churches  of  note  are  Santo  Stefano  della  Porta,  a 
handsome  structure,  but  chiefly  remarkable  for  containing 
a  painting  of  the  martyrdom  of  the  titular  saint,  the  joint 
production  of  Raphael  and  Giulio  Romano ;  San  Siro,  the 
most  ancient  Christian  foundation  in  Genoa ;  St.  Ambrose, 
containing  several  fine  paintings,  and  splendidly  decorated 
within ;  and  L'Annunziata,  also  magnificently  fitted  up  in- 
teriorly. There  are  a  number  of  other  interesting  ecclesi- 
astical edifices,  although  more  than  half  the  churches  in  the 
city  were  demolished  by  the  French.  The  principal  chari- 
table institution  is  the  Albergo  de'  Poveri,  in  which  orphauB 
and  old  people  find  shelter ;  the  children  are  brought  up  to 
different  trades,  and  the  girls  who  marry  out  of  the  hos- 
pital receive  a  dowry.  The  house  itself  unites  the  beauties 
of  architecture  on  the  most  splendid  scale,  with  the  most 
perfect  convenience.  The  Ospedale  del  Pammatone  is  an- 
other splendid  institution  for  benevolent  purposes,  founded 
in  1430.  The  deaf  and  dumb  institution  is  also  celebrated. 
There  are  in  and  about  Genoa  15  different  religious  estab- 
lishments for  females,  all  regulated  according  to  the  mon- 
astic system,  though  none  of  the  inmates  take  vows.  The 
largest  of  these  institutions  is  that  of  the  Fieschine,  which 
contains  250  persons,  all  employed  in  such  light  work  m 
lace-making,  embroidery,  and  the  manufacture  of  arti- 
ficial flowers.  The  Teatro  Carlo  Felice  is  an  elegant  struc- 
ture, the  Bank  of  St.  George  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  and 
celebrated  in  Europe,  and  the  university  occupies  a  hand- 
some building.  Besides  the  university,  the  other  chief 
educational  institutions  are  the  theological  seminary,  the 
school  of  fine  arts,  the  royal  marine  school,  and  the  school 
of  navigation.  Genoa  is  the  seat  of  royal  courts,  of  a 
chamber  of  commerce,  and  of  an  admiralty  court.  It  it 
supplied  with  water  by  aqueducts  18  miles  in  length.  The 
Brignole-Sale  Palace,  with  a  rich  art  collection  and  a  fine 
library,  is  now  public  property.  Genoa  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop. 

The  manufactures  of  Genoa  are  considerable.  Its  vel- 
vets and  silk  are  world-famed;  and  it  likewise  possessei 
factories  of  cloth,  stockings,  blonde,  oil-cloth,  hats,  paper, 
essences,  gloves,  lace,  cotton  goods,  oils,  and  soap.  Besidet 
these,  its  works  in  gold,  silver,  and  marble  have  a  high 
reputation ;  indeed,  for  silver  filigree  and  coral  wrought 
into  bracelets,  brooches,  bunches  of  flowers,  and  other  kind* 
of  ornaments,  as  well  as  for  fine  cabinet-work  and  house- 
furniture,  the  Genoese  workmen  stand  unrivalled,  and  their 
productions  are  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  port  it 
of  a  semicircular  form,  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in 
diameter,  formed  by  two  moles  projecting  into  the  sea  from 
opposite  sides,  but  not  opposite  each  other ;  the  Molo  Nuovo, 
or  New  Mole,  on  the  E.  side,  being  about  790  yards  S.  of 
the  Molo  Vecchio,  or  Old  Mole,  on  the  W.  Near  the  abut- 
ment of  the  New  Mole  is  the  light-house,  a  beautiful  struc- 
ture, 300  feet  in  height.  There  is,  besides,  a  fixed  harbor- 
light  on  each  of  the  moles.  Genoa  is  the  chief  outlet,  by 
the  Mediterranean,  for  the  manufactures  of  Switzerland  and 
Northern  Italy.  There  are  yards  for  naval  construction. 
The  harbor  is  safe  and  good,  but  much  too  small  for  the 
needs  of  the  port :  hence  new  harbor- works  are  in  construc- 
tion, to  cost  $5,000,000,  the  gift  of  the  Duke  of  Galliera. 
It  is  believed  that  these  improvements  will  more  than  double 
the  commercial  capacity  of  the  port.  There  is  an  immense 
number  of  bonding  warehouses  situated  in  one  locality, 
called  Porto  Franco ;  these  are  surrounded  by  walls,  and 
form  a  small  separate  town.  The  principal  articles  of  ex- 
port are  rice,  oils,  fruit,  cheese,  rags,  the  products  of  its 
manufactures,  Ac. ;  imports,  cottons,  raw  cotton,  woollens, 
cochineal,  indigo,  colonial  produce,  tobacco,  salt  fish,  hide^  i 
grain,  lead,  nutgalls,  Ac.  In  ancient  times  the  Genoew  • 
merchants  were  remarkable  for  their  enterprise  and  for  the 
extent  of  their  dealings.  They  brought  the  productions  of 
Hindostan  from  Ispahan  to  Trebizond,  and  from  thenoe 
conveyed  them  through  Kaffa,  in  the  Crimea,  and  after- 
wards through  Constantinople,  to  Europe.  Their  commerce 
subsequently  declined  greatly,  but  has  always  been  respect 
able,  and  at  present  Genoa  is  the  leading  seaport  of  Italy 

The  origin  of  Genoa  is  said  to  be  more  remote  than  that 
of  Rome.     As  early  as  the  eleventh  century  the  Qetuxm   *, 
had  become  formidable   at   sea,   and,  notwithstanding  «    " 
almost  continuous  succession  of  wars  through  several  ag*"- 
gradually  increased  in  power  and  importance.     For  near 
seven  centuries,  with   some  interruption,  Genoa  was  tW 
capital  of  a  famous  commercial  republic,  which  plant***  ' 
numerous  colonies  in  the  Levant  and  on  the  shores  of  the 
Black  Sea.    After  a  long  period  of  internal  distraction  and 


GEN 


1255 


GEO 


pisrule,  the  citizens  instituted  a  supreme  magistrate,  called 

fogo,  for  life,  excluding  by  law  all  the  nobles.  Another 
id  more  eflScient  form  of  government  was  introduced  by 
ndrea  Doria  in  1528,  which  existed  till  overturned  by 
Sonaparte.  The  city  in  1799,  being  then  in  the  possession 
if  the  French,  was  taken  by  the  united  forces  of  Austria 
i^d  England,  and  finally,  in  1816,  after  a  rapid  succession 
If  changes,  united,  by  a  decision  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna, 

3  the  Sardinian  monarchy.     Pop.  in  1881,   138,081. 

vdj.  and  inhab.  Genoese,  jfin*o-eez'.  See  Golp  of  Genoa. 
I  Genoa,  or  Genora,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Liguria, 
lounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Area,  1588  square 
jiiles.     Capital,  Genoa.     Pop.  716,759. 

Genoa,  jen'o-a  or  je-no'a,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb 
0.,  111.,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  69  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
f  Chicago,  and  about  25  miles  E.S.E.of  Rockford.     It  has 

churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  shoe-factory, 
•op.  in  1890,  634. 

Genoa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  S. 
r  Seymour  Station.     Pop.  87. 

j  Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
fenoa  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Rail- 
pad,  39  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
if  the  township,  921. 

i  Genoa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  oo.,  Minn.,  in  New 
i^iiven  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It 
03  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  &c. 

\  Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Loup 
tirer,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Genoa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co.,  Nev.,  is 
a  Carson  River,  about  4  miles  E.  of  Lake  Tahoe,  and  15 
liles  S.S.W.  of  Carson  City.  It  is  in  a  mountainous 
p  intry,  near  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  a  church,  a  dis- 
Hct  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  434. 

Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Genoa 
S'ynship,  on  Big  Salmon  Creek,  20  miles  S.  of  Auburn, 

fil  17  miles  from  Freeville.     It  has  4  churches,  common 
liools,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  carriage- 
^<  tory.     Pop.  in  1890,  437.     The  township  contains  the 
lllage  of  Northville.     Total  pop.  2320. 
I  Genoa,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
lid.  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad.     Pop.  1050. 
I  Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
tjre  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  To- 
Wo,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Fremont.     It  has  6  churches,  a 
Irj.ded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lime,  lumber, 
5.     Here  are  quarries  of  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  839. 
Genoa,  Pickaway  co.,  0.     See  Commercial  Point. 
Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in  Genoa 
WBship,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  or  20  miles  S. 
'jja  Crosse.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  717. 
Genoa,  a  village  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  Walworth  co., 
U.,  in  Bloomfield  township,  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago, 
ic.  9  miles  S.E.  of  Geneva.     The  Fox  River  line  of  the 
licago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  here  crosses  the  Kenosha 
vision  of  the  same.     It  ha-s  a   church,  a  money-order 
>8t-office  named  Genoa  Junction,  a  graded  school,  Ac. 
Genoa  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
imner  township,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Marengo.    It 
IB  a  church. 

Genoa  Junction,  Wisconsin.    See  Genoa. 
Genoese,  adjective  and  inhabitant.     See  Genoa. 
Genola,  ji-no'li  (L.  Oavenola),  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
iedmont,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  1994. 
Geno'la,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  township,  Suffolk  co., 
,Y.,  on  the  Smithtown  &  Port  Jefferson  Railroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  Northport  village.     The  station  is  also  called  East 
jorthport,  Northport  Station,  Ac,  and  the  locality  gener- 
|ly  is  known  as  Genola,  Fairview,  or  Claypits. 
jGenolhac,  zh^h-noMik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  17 
liles  N.N.W.  of  Alais.     Pop.  1313. 

jGenoni,  ji-no'neo,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
imiles  from  Laconi.     Pop.  1361. 
{Genosa,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Qinosa. 
I  Genova,  the  Italian  name  of  Genoa. 
Gensac,  zhiNo^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  31 
[iles  E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1318. 
jGensano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Genzano. 
iGensingen,  ghSn'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  7  miles 
iB.  of  Bingen.     Pop.  982. 

I  Gent,  ghSnt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland, 
"miles  E.N.E.  of  Nymwegen.  Pop.  2306. 
JGenthin,  ghSn-teen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
e  Berlin  &  Magdeburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Plauen  Canal, 
«  miles  N.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  3718. 
Genthod,  zh&NoHo',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
id  4  miles  N.  of  Geneva,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva. 


Gen'tile  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho, 
in  a  fertile  valley,  25  miles  N.  of  Franklin. 

Gentilly,  zh6N<>Hee^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Sceaux,  on  the  Bievre,  forming  a  close  soutti 
em  suburb  of  Paris.  The  commune  comprises  the  village  of 
Bicfitre,  celebrated  for  its  castle,  serving  as  a  hospital  for 
6000  superannuated  and  imbecile  old  men,  and  as  a  prison. 
This  edifice  also  contains  extensive  workshops  for  polishing 
glass,  woollen-spinning,  and  various  manufactures.  Near 
this  is  the  fort  of  Bicetre.     Pop.  10,378. 

Gentilly,  zhon-til'Iee,  a  station  in  Orleans  parish.  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans  and  Mobile  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  New 
Orleans.  Gentilly  is  also  the  name  of  a  station  on  the 
Lake  Pontchartrain  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  the  terminus  in 
New  Orleans. 

Gentilly,  zh&N»Heel'yee  or  zh6N°Heeryee',  a  post- vil- 
lage of  Quebec,  co.  of  Nicolet,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.     It 
is  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lum 
ber.     Pop.  500. 

Gentry,  jfin'tree,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri. 
Area,  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  the 
same.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  moderately  uneven, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton A  Quincy  Railroad.  Capital,  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,607;  in  1880,  17,176;  in  1890,  19,018. 

Gentry,  a  station  on  the  Lexington  Branch  of  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia,  Mo. 

Gentry's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex. 

Gen'tryville,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  1  mile  from  Gentryville  Station  on  the 
Rockport  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  about  33  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Evansville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.  The  sta- 
tion is  14  miles  N.  of  Rockport.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gentryville,  a  post- village  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  on  Grand 
River,  44  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  10  miles  S.  of 
Albany.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  drug-stores,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  church,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Genua,  the  ancient  name  of  Genoa. 

Genzano,  jdn-z4'no,  or  Gensano,  jdn-s&'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Rome,  on  the  Appian  Way.  Pop. 
6306.  It  has  a  palace  of  the  Duke  of  Cesarini,  a  Capuchin 
convent,  and  a  modern  cathedral.  An  annual  festival  here, 
called  the  Injiorata  di  Genzano  (in-fe-o-ri'ti  dee  jfin-zi'- 
no),  is  frequented  by  numerous  visitors  from  Rome. 

Genzano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  N.E 
of  Potenza.     Pop.  6260. 

Geographe,  jee-o-graF  or  zhi-o-gr4f',  a  strait  in 
Tasmania,  separating  Schouten  Island  from  Freycinot'* 
Peninsula. 

Geographe,  a  bay  of  Western  Australia,  co.  of  Sussex, 
at  its  northern  extremity,  about  35  miles  in  width. 

George,  a  lake  of  New  South  Wales,  Argyle  and  Mur- 
ray COS.,  2000  feet  above  the  sea,  about  18  miles  in  length. 

George,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  by  . 
rail  S.E.  of  Rock  Rapids.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

George  d'Elmina  (St.),  Africa.    See  Elmina. 

George,  Lake.     See  Lake  George,  and  Caldwell. 

Georgenbourg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  YooRBOORe. 

Georgensgmund,  gi-oR'ghens-m6ont\  a  village  of 
Bavaria,  at  a  railway  junction,  40  miles  S.  of  Nuremberg. 

Georgenthal,  gJt-oR'gh^n-t&r,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25 
miles  W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2450. 

Georgenthal,  a  village  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  760. 

Georges,  j6r'j?z,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  haa 
beds  of  iron  ore  and  coal.   Pop.  2644.   It  contains  Smithfield. 

George's  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Miss. 

George's  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Saluda 
from  the  right,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Pickensville. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

George's  Creek,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1295. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C, 
in  Pickensville  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Easley. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Somervell    co.,  Tex. 

George's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
in  Sunapce  township,  at  the  head  of  Sunapee  Lake,  about 
35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  bucket-factory. 

George's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3i  miles  E.  of  Greens- 
burg.     It  has  about  \  houses. 


GEO 


1256 


»£U 


George's  Station,  S.C.     See  Saint  G-eorge's. 

George's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linooln  co.,  Tenn., 
on  Elk  River,  18  miles  E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  3  stores. 

Georgesville,  j6r'jez-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
00.,  0.,  on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  Columbus  &  Springfield 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

George'town,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South 
Carolina.  Area,  742  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
JST.E.  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Santee  River.  It  is  also 
intersected  by  the  Waccamaw  and  Black  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  partly  occupied  by  swamps,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is 
mostly  sandy.  Rice  is  the  staple  product.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Georgetown  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  George- 
town. Pop.  in  1870,  16,161;  in  1880,  19,613;  in  1890, 
20,857. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and  16  miles  N.  of 
Placerville.  Gold  is  found  near  it.  Pop.  of  Georgetown 
township,  1023. 

Georgetown,  a  mining  town,  capital  of  Clear  Creek 
CO.,  Col.,  is  situated  on  the  Front  or  Snowy  Range,  and  on 
Clear  Creek,  about  7  miles  from  Gray's  Peak.  Altitude, 
8412  feet.  It  is  54  miles  W.  of  Denver  by  the  Colorado  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  the  working 
of  the  silver-,  lead-,  and  gold-mines  in  the  vicinity,  which 
are  pronounced  by  Prof.  Hayden  to  be  practically  inex- 
haustible. It  has  2  banks,  several  concentrating-  and  sam- 
pling-mills, and  a  weekly  newspaper.  Galena,  zinc  blende, 
granite,  gray  copper,  polybasite,  iron  and  copper  pyrites, 
quartz,  &c.  are  found  here.  Here  are  5  churches,  large  re- 
duction-works, and  several  superior  hotels.     Pop.  1927. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Danbury. 
It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  glue,  sandpaper, 
curled  hair  and  wire  goodss     Pop.  about  500.        * 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  in  Georgetown  hundred,  and  on  the  Junction  A 
Breakwater  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Breakwater  & 
Prankford  Railroad,  104  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lewes.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  ofSce,  an  academy,  several  hotels,  a  carriage- 
shop,  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  flooring,  shingles, 
&c.     Pop.  in  1880,  895 ;  in  1890,  1353. 

Georgetown,  a  port  of  entry  and  formerly  a  separate 
city  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  now  the  local  name  of  that 
part  of  the  city  of  Washington  lying  above  Rock  Creek,  on 
the  Potomac  River.  The  locality  comprises  several  emi- 
nences, which  command  beautiful  views  and  are  occupied  by 
handsome  villas  and  residences.  It  contains  10  churches,  a 
national  bank,  the  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  the  George- 
town Institute  for  males,  the  Georgetown  Female  Seminary, 
the  Collegiate  Institute  for  young  ladies,  and  a  convent, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Georgetown  College  (Roman  Catholic), 
which  was  organized  in  1789  and  has  a  library  of  nearly 
25,000  volumes.  The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal  crosses  the 
Potomac  here  by  a  remarkable  aqueduct,  which  is  1446  feet 
long  and  cost  about  $2,000,000.  Georgetown  has  a  number 
of  large  flour-mills,  the  products  of  which  have  a  wide 
reputation.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,578;  in  1890,  14,046. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
St.  John's  River  and  Lake  George,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Palatka.     It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  &c. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Quitman  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  opposite  Eufaula,  and  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cuthbert.  It  has  3  churches.  About  4000  bales 
of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  from  here.     Pop.  263. 

Georgetown,  a  post- village  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
on  Bear  River,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co..  111.,  usually  called 
Bible  Grote  (which  see).    See  also  Steel's  Mills. 

Georgetown  (Smlthton  Post-Office),  a  village  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  111.,  7  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  3  general  stores. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  on  the  Little  Vermilion  River,  and 
on  the  Paris  and  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Danville. 
It  has  a  graded  school,  money -order  post-office,  a  bank,  and 
3  churches.  Pop.  (1890)  662.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  the  Big  Vermilion  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2608. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  on  Bean  Blossom  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Nash- 
ville, and  8  miles  S.  of  Morgantown.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  200.     Here  is  Bean  Blossom  Post-Office. 


Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  W». 
bash  River,  8  miles  W.  of  Logansport. 

Georgetown,  a  post-township  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  W.  of  New  Albany,     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1424. 

Georgetow^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa, 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Albia. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  North  Elkhorn  Creek,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Frank- 
fort, and  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  N. 
of  Lexington.  It  is  the  seat  of  Georgetown  College  (Bap- 
tist),  which  was  organized  in  1838.  Georgetown  has  11 
churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a  female  semi- 
nary.    Elevation,  875  feet.     Pop.  about  800. 

Georgetown,  a  post-township  of  Sagadahoc  co.,  Me., 
is  an'island  12  miles  long  (sometimes  called  Parker's  Island), 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River.  The  township  has  3 
churches  and  1  or  more  lumber-mills.  Pop.  1135.  George- 
town Post-Office  is  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bath. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Frederick.     It  has  2  churches. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Kent 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Sassafras  River,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Bal- 
timore, and  1  mile  N.  of  Galena.     It  has  a  church. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  2  branches  of  the  same,  30  miles  N.  of  Bos- 
ton, and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Newburyport.  It  contains  a  high 
school,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2117. 

Georgetown,  a  post-townsnip  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  is  traversed  by  Grand 
River.     It  has  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  1464. 

Georgetown,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Buf- 
falo River,  15  miles  N.  of  Moorehead.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  100. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  on 
or  near  Pearl  River,  17  miles  E.  of  Hazlehurst.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  in 
Cedar  township,  on  the  West  Fork  of  La  Mine  River,  and 
on  the  railroad  which  connects  Lexington  with  Sedalia,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactnree 
of  brooms  and  lime. 

Georgetown,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Neb. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Jefi°erson  co..  Neb.,  aboat  50 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Georgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  5 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bordentown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  car- 
riage-factory. 

Georgetown,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Grant 
00.,  New  Mexico,  about  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Silver  City. 
It  has  silver-mines. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.T.,  is 
Georgetown  township,  near  the  Syracuse  &  Chenango  R»''- 
road,  on  which  it  has  a  station,  32  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  carriag 
shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1427. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  oo.,  0.,  ^ 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  White  Oak  Creek,  and  on  the  Cin-  ' 
cinnati  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  the  Ohio 
River,  and  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  con-  > 
tains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  i 
school,  a  woollen -factory,  &o.  Blue  or  Silurian  limestone 
abounds  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1293;  in  1890,  1473. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Wuja  i 
township.     Pop.  65.  I 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Cole-  I 
rain  township,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  t 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  172.     Here  is  Dunlap  Post-Offioo.      i 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  Short 
Creek  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz,  and  about  20  mil* 
N.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  » 
saw-mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Short  Creek. 

Georgetown,  or  Lud'low,  a  hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  / 
in  Union  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  h«i  i 
a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Here  is  Potsdam  Post-Offic*  i 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  . 
left  or  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  the  line  of  the  (i 
Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  about  36  miles  below  Pltti-  '; 
burg.    It  has  2  churches,  and  wells  of  natural  gas.    P.  297.  : 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bi-;:*, 
township.     It  is  1  mile  from  the  Gap  nickel-mines,  an^i 
miles  S.W.  of  Christiana  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  churcB. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa-on 


GEO 


1257 


GEO 


khe  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
hnanufactures  of  lime.  Here  is  Dalmatia  Post-Office. 
I  Georgetown,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  George- 
^)wn  CO.,  S.C.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
iWinyaw  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Waccamaw  River.  It 
is  about  14  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  50  miles 
K.B.  of  Charleston.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  several  distilleries  of  turpentine, 
fiioe,  pine  lumber,  and  turpentine  are  the  chief  articles  of 
iexport.     Pop.  in  1880,  2557  ;  in  1890,  2895. 

Georgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  James  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
DJiles  N.  of  Cleveland.   It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 
Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williamson  co., 
ttcx.,  on  the  San  Gabriel  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Round  Rock 
fetation,  and  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin.     It  is  the  seat  of 
(the  Southwestern  University  of  Texas  (Methodist),  and  has 
jfi  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  knitting-mills,  and 
t  chair-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1354;  in  1890,  2447. 
r  Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  about 
^Ll  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     It  has  2  general  stores. 
^H|beorgetown,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Rivkrsdale. 
^HSeorgetOAVn,  a  village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
^p^r  Credit,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  29  miles 
jN.W.  of  Toronto.     It  has  valuable  water-power,  paper-mills, 
•ewery,  tannery,  iron-foundry,  grist-mill,  marble-works,  a 
jwspaper  office,  3  hotels,  about  20  stores,  and  a  large  trade 
ii  lumber,  grain,  and  country  produce.     Pop.  1282. 
Georgetown,  a  village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
ver  Moira,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Stoco,  26  miles  N.  by  E. 
ir  Belleville.     Pop.  180. 
Georgetown,  a  seaport  town,  capital  of  Kings  co., 
rince  Edward  Island,  at  the  entrance  into  Cardigan  Bay, 
111  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island,  30  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown. 
,  possesses  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  island.     It  has 
good  trade  in  country  produce,  and  contains  3  churches,  8 
b  >tels,  15  stores,  and  a  large  foundry.     A  weekly  newspaper 
ublished  in  Georgetown.     It  has  railway  communication 
k  the  chief  places  on  the  island.     Pop.  1100. 
leorgetown,  Quebec.  See  Saint  Louis  de  Gonzagub. 
eorgetown,  a  village   near  the  W.  end  of  Grand 
Tnan,  British  West  Indies. 

Jeorgetown,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  George. 
leorgetown,  a  town  of  the  island  of  St.  Vincent, 
tish  West  Indies,  on  the  E.  coast. 

leorgetown,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Tobago,  British 
Bt  Indies,  on  Barbadoes  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  S.E.  coast. 
Georgetown  (Dutch,  Stabroek,  st&'brSSk),  often  called 
'emerara,  dem-^-ri'ra,  a  city,  capital  of  British  Guiana 
id  of  the  county  of  Demerara,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  navi- 
bkble  Demerara  River,  at  its  mouth,  is  regularly  built, 
paving  wide  and  straight  streets,  mostly  with  canals  in 
jtbem,  and  many  of  them  lined  with  trees.  The  dwellings 
^le  generally  of  wood,  and  stand  on  pillars  of  brick,  the 
streets  being  below  the  level  of  high  tide,  which  is  excluded 
by  means  of  a  sea-wall  and  sluices.  Many  houses  are  sur- 
rounded by  pleasant  gardens.  The  town  has  a  good  water- 
Isupply,  telegraph  lines  to  America  and  Europe  via  Cuba  and 
jBrazil,  a  steam  ferry,  and  a  railway  to  Mahaica,  22  miles 
|away.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop  and  of  a  Catho- 
po  vicar-apostolic,  and  has  several  Anglican,  Catholic,  Pres- 
byterian, and  Dissenting  churches,  good  schools  and  hospitals, 
B,  atone  government-house,  custom-house,  bonded  warehouse, 
Igas-works,  chemical  works,  <fcc.,  several  banks,  insurance 
loompanies,  and  newspapers.  There  is  a  bar  at  the  river's 
'mouth,  with  but  8  feet  of  water,  and  large  ships  discharge 
and  load  by  means  of  lighters.     Pop.  36,567. 

George  Town,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa, 
126  miles  E.  of  Zwellendam.     Pop.  1937. 

George  ToAvn,  a  village,  capital  of  the  island  of  As- 
oension,  on  the  N.W.  coast,  with  a  fort  and  military  works, 
a  navy  yard,  and  a  coal  depot. 

George  Town,  a  maritime  town  of  Tasmania,  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Launceston,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Tamar.  Lat. 
41"  6'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  50'  E. 

George'town,  often  called  Pe^nang',  a  seaport  town, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Penang,  in  Malacca  Strait.  Lat. 
5°  25'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  100°  19'  45"  E.     See  Penang. 

George'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn., 
24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Willmar.     It  has  a  ohurch. 
Georgeville,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co.,  Mo. 
Georgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Eaet  Mahoning  township,  18  miles  N.  of  Indiana. 
Georgeville,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Cape  Georgb. 
Georgeville,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  13  miles  N.  of 
D«rbv  Line,  Vt.     Pop.  250. 
80 


Georgia,  j5r'je-a,  or  Grusia,  groo'se-a  (Pers.  Goor^ 
gtatan  or  Gourgiatan,  goor-ghis-tin',  or  Goorjietan,  goor-jis- 
t4n' ;  written  also  Gurdgchietan  and  Gurjtatan),  a  country 
of  Asia,  in  Russian  Transcaucasia,  now  forming  the  govern- 
ment of  Tiflis.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  an  Armenian  range 
which  separates  the  basin  of  the  Koor  from  that  of  the  Aras, 
and  W.  by  a  branch  of  the  Caucasus  forming  part  of  the 
watershed  between  the  Caspian  and  the  Black  Sea.  The 
n&me  is  sometimes  employed  to  designate  nearly  the  whole 
territory  possessed  by  the  Russians  S.  of  the  Caucasus.  In 
this  large  sense  it  may  have  an  area  of  28,800  geograph- 
ical square  miles;  but  that  of  Georgia  proper  does  not 
exceed  16,800  geographical  square  miles.  The  central  part 
is  occupied  by  a  large  and  fertile  valley,  in  which  the 
Koor  flows  from  W.  to  E.  and  receives  almost  all  its  drain- 
age. The  soil  generally  in  the  lower  grounds,  and  more 
especially  in  this  valley,  is  of  great  fertility,  and,  having 
the  advantage  of  a  delightful  climate,  grows  in  abundance 
all  the  ordinary  cereals,  maize,  hemp,  and  flax,  as  well  as 
great  quantities  of  wine  and  cotton  and  unlimited  supplies 
of  fruit.  Important  improvements  have  taken  place  in 
agriculture  since  the  Russians  acquired  possession  of  the 
country  from  Persia,  in  1800 ;  but  it  has  not  yet  recovered 
from  the  disasters  brought  upon  it  by  ages  of  misrule  and 
almost  incessant  warfare.  The  natives,  forming  about  three- 
fourths  of  the  whole  population,  have  been  as  much  cel- 
ebrated as  the  Circassians  for  the  athletic  frames  of  the  men 
and  the  beauty  of  the  women.  Hence  in  former  times  many 
youths  were  sold,  the  males  to  serve  in  the  armies  and  the 
females  to  become  inmates  of  the  harems  of  the  Turks. 
The  nobles  long  derived  their  chief  revenue  from  this  traf- 
fic, valuing  their  serfs  only  for  the  money  they  could  ob- 
tain for  them.  Under  the  Russian  sovereignty  this  traf- 
fic has  ceased,  and  the  distinction  which  divided  the  whole 
population  into  the  classes  of  nobles  and  serfs  has  been 
abolished.  The  Georgians  belong  nominally  to  the  Greek 
church,  but  both  clergy  and  people  are  generally  ignorant. 
The  Bible,  however,  was  translated  into  their  native  lan- 
guage, a  peculiar  dialect  having  apparently  some  Aryan 
affinities,  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  fifth  centurv, 

Capital,  Tiflis.    Pop.  of  Georgia  proper,  about  606,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Georgian,  jor'je-an. 

Georgia,  jor'je-a  (named  in  honor  of  George  II.,  King 
of  Great  Britain),  one  of  the  Southern  States  of  the  American 
Union,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic,  is  bounded  N.  by  North 
Carolina  and  Tennessee,  N.E.  and  E.  by  South  Carolina  and 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  S.  by  Florida,  and  W.  by  Alabama. 
From  South  Carolina  it  is  divided  by  the  Savannah  and 
Chattooga  Rivers;  from  Florida,  in  part,  by  St.  Mary's 
River,  and  from  Alabama  (partly)  by  the  Chattahoochee, 
Its  extreme  limits  are  the  parallels  of  30°  21'  and  35°  N. 
lat.  and  the  meridians  of  80°  48'  and  85°  38'  W.  Ion.  Ex- 
treme length,  320  miles  from  N.  to  S. ;  greatest  breadth,  254 
miles.  Present  area  (much  reduced  since  1798),  59,475 
square  miles.  Georgia  was  one  of  the  original  13  states  of 
the  Union. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  exceedingly  various.  In  the 
N.  and  N.W.  is  a  mountain-region,  covering  some  25  coun- 
ties, whose  ranges  pursue  a  somewhat  parallel  N.E.  and 
S.W.  course  across  the  state,  terminating  in  the  hill-country 
of  Alabama.  The  highest  peaks  of  the  Blue  Ridge  exceed 
3000  feet  in  altitude.  Between  the  mountain-ridges  the 
country  is  broken,  with  very  fertile  valleys,  a  delightful 
climate,  and  varied  mineral  wealth.  S.E.  of  the  moun- 
tains a  plain  or  terrace  some  65  miles  in  average  breadth 
extends  along  the  foot-hills,  with  a  red  loamy  soil,  natu- 
rally very  productive.  Another  still  lower  and  wider  ter- 
race or  plain  borders  this  region,  with  limits  having  also  a 
general  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction,  and  containing  much  pro- 
ductive land,  with  districts  which  have  a  light  soil.  Some 
60  miles  in  average  distance  from  the  coast  is  the  S.E.  limit 
of  the  so-called  pine  barrens,  which  are  capable  of  afibrding 
great  supplies  of  timber  and  naval  stores,  and  which  have 
a  soil  easily  wrought  and  by  no  means  unproductive. 

Along  the  coast  and  near  the  lower  courses  of  the  streams 
are  rich  alluvial  districts,  interspersed  with  swamps,  which 
are  available  for  rice-culture.  The  sea-islands,  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  shallow  sounds,  have  a  light  soil,  well 
adapted  to  the  growth  of  sea-island  cotton.  In  the  S.W. 
there  is  a  large  area  with  a  good  but  easily-exhausted  soil, 
which  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  cotton-prod  not.  In 
the  S.E.  is  the  great  Okefinokee  Swanap. 

A  line  drawn  from  Augusta  S.W.  to  Eufaula,  Ala., 
roughly  marks  the  N.W.  limit  of  a  great  tertiary  (eocene) 
tract,  covering  nearly  all  that  part  of  Georgia  which  lies 
S.E.  of  that  line,  except  the  pleistocene  and  alluvion  of 
the  coast.    The  N.W.  portion  of  the  state  ia  mainly  based 


GEO 


1258 


GEO 


upon  azoic  rocks,  but  there  is  a  considerable  area  of  the 
cretaceous  to  the  E.  of  Columbus,  and  a  large  Silurian  tract 
in  the  northwestern  angle  of  the  state,  crossed  by  narrow 
belts  of  the  Devonian,  upon  which  rest  two  very  small  beds 
of  carboniferous  strata.  Lookout  Mountain,  which  crosses 
the  extreme  N.W.  corner  of  Georgia,  lying  partly  in  Ten- 
nessee and  partly  in  Alabama,  contains  plenty  of  semi- 
bituminous  coal  of  excellent  quality.  It  is  chiefly  wrought 
at  Cole  City.  In  this  vicinity,  it  is  confidently  stated,  occurs 
all  the  coal  that  will  ever  be  found  in  Georgia.  Here  also 
is  found  abundance  of  iron  ore, — a  species  of  black-band, 
finely  adapted  for  easy  smelting.  Gold  has  been  found  in 
most  of  the  northern  counties ;  a  branch  United  States  mint, 
atDahlonega,  coined  over  $6,000,000  between  1837  and  1861, 
when  it  was  discontinued.  Copper,  silver,  zinc,  and  lead 
ores,  fine  marble,  choice  granite,  limestone,  baryta,  gra- 
phite, and  a  great  many  other  useful  minerals,  abound,  but 
none,  it  is  believed,  are  at  present  wrought  to  any  great 
extent.  Natural  medicinal  springs,  saline,  chalybeate,  and 
sulphurous,  are  very  numerous.  Interesting  fossil  remains 
of  the  mylodon,  megatherium,  and  other  gigantic  species 
of  extinct  mammals  occur  in  the  coast  region.  In  Northern 
and  Central  Georgia  are  a  number  of  remarkable  caves, 
many  very  picturesque  cataracts,  mountains  renowned  for 
their  romantic  and  inspiring  scenery,  and  abundant  relics 
of  prehistoric  times,  such  as  mounds,  fortifications,  places 
of  sepulture,  and  fragments  of  rude  pottery. 

Riven  are  numerous,  and  have  afforded  important  means 
of  internal  communication ;  but  the  recent  great  extension 
of  railroads  has  remarkably  reduced  the  amount  of  steam- 
boat travel  and  commerce.  The  streams  more  or  less  suited 
for  steam  navigation  are  the  Savannah,  the  Ogeechee  (with 
its  main  tributary  the  Cannouchee),  the  Altamaha  (with  its 
constituents  the  Oconee  and  the  Ocmulgee),  the  Satilla,  the 
St.  Mary's,  the  Flint,  the  Chattahoochee,  the  Upper  Coosa, 
and  perhaps  a  few  others.  The  sounds  which  divide  the 
sea-islands  from  the  mainland  constitute  together  a  safe 
and  landlocked  channel,  well  suited  for  steamboat  commu- 
nication. In  the  highlands,  the  numerous  streams  afford 
abundant  and  unfailing  water-power. 

The  climate  is  as  various  as  the  face  of  the  country  and 
the  soil.  The  mountain-country  in  the  N.  has  cool,  delight- 
ful summer  weather,  while  its  winters  are  mild  and  com- 
fortable. This  region  is  very  healthful.  The  pine  barrens 
of  the  centre  and  S.  are  equally  healthful,  but  warmer,  and 
are  especially  recommended  as  a  winter  resort  for  consump- 
tives. The  coast  region,  and  the  S.  portion  generally,  have 
a  summer  climate  which  is  very  enervating  to  persons  of 
Northern  origin ;  and  people  not  acclimated  are  here  liable 
to  severe  attacks  of  malarial  and  remittent  fever.  The 
coast  towns  are  subject  to  occasional  visitations  of  yellow 
fever.  Snow  falls  not  nnfrequently  in  the  northern  and 
central  regions,  but  never  remains  long. 

Agricultural  Jienources. — Cotton  and  maize  are  the  lead- 
ing farm-productions.  As  a  rule,  the  cotton-product  of 
Georgia  has  been  well  sustained  in  quantity  since  the  war. 
The  average  annual  yield  per  acre  is  over  145  pounds,  with 
an  average  value  of  between  $13  and  $14.  The  coast- 
region  is  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  high-priced 
sea-island  cotton.  The  cotton-crop  is  mainly  produced  in 
the  central,  west  central,  and  southwestern  regions.  Of  late 
years  Georgia  has  wisely  extended  her  area  of  corn-fields ; 
and  the  increase,  in  the  corn-crop  has  reacted  favorably  upon 
the  production  of  wool,  which  has  for  some  time  been  a 
staple  of  highvalue.  Georgia  has  much  fine  grazing-land, 
and  beef-cattle  might  be  profitably  shipped  in  large  num- 
bers. Wheat  of  fine  quality  is  raised  in  the  northwest,  and 
the  area  of  its  profitable  culture  might  be  much  extended. 
Tobacco  is  chiefly  produced  in  the  N. ;  rice  and  some  sugar- 
cane are  grown  in  the  S. ;  and  the  former  has  long  been  a 
staple  crop  in  the  lowlands.  Pork  is  fattened  extensively, 
but  is  mainly  employed  for  home  consumption.  Sweet  po- 
tatoes are  a  leading  product.  Fruit-culture,  wine-growing, 
and  market-gardening  are  attracting  attention;  and  the 
considerable  increase  in  the  manufacturing  population  is 
developing  an  important  home  demand  for  fruit  and  mar- 
ket-garden products. 

Manufactures. — Georgia  has  taken  a  new  and  important 
departure  in  manufacturing  industry.  Most  interesting 
and  satisfactory  is  the  record  of  her  progress  in  the  cotton 
manufacture.  Woollen  goods  are  also  manufactured  to  a 
considerable  extent.  For  manufactures  of  this  class  Geor- 
gia offers  especial  advantages  in  her  abundant  water-power, 
and  in  the  fact  that  her  cotton  and  wool  are  grown  at  home 
and  the  heavy  cost  of  transportation  is  saved.  Machine- 
■hops,  tobacco-factories,  tanneries,  and  lumber-mills  are 
also  numerous.    The  lumber-business  is  especially  large, 


about  half  the  area  of  the  state  being  covered  with  forest. 
Valuable  species  of  pine,  oak,  cedar,  ash,  cypress,  hickory, 
and  other  timber  trees  abound ;  and  BrunswicK,  Darien,  an(| 
Savannah  are  seats  of  large  exports  of  the  forest  products. 
Columbus  and  Augusta  manufacture  cotton  and  woollen 
goods;  and  Atlanta,  the  capital,  has  important  and  varied 
manufacturing  interests. 

Counties. — Georgia  has  137  counties, — Appling,  Baker, 
Baldwin,  Banks,  Bartow,  Berrien,  Bibb,  Brooks,  Bryan, 
Bulloch,  Burke,  Butts,  Calhoun,  Camden,  Campbell,  Carroll, 
Catoosa,  Charlton,  Chatham,  Chattahoochee,  Chattooga, 
Cherokee,  Clarke,  Clay,  Clayton,  Clinch,  Cobb,  Coffee,  Co- 
lumbia, Colquitt,  Coweta,  Crawford,  Dade,  Dawson,  De- 
catur, De  Kalb,  Dodge,  Dooly,  Dougherty,  Douglas,  Early, 
Echols,  EflSngham,  Elbert,  Emanuel,  Fannin,  Fayette, 
Floyd,  Forsyth,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gilmer,  Glascock,  Glynn, 
Gordon,  Greene,  Gwinnett,  Habersham,  Hall,  Hancock, 
Haralson,  Harris,  Hart,  Heard,  Henry,  Houston,  Irwin, 
Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Jones,  Laurens,  Lee, 
Liberty,  Lincoln,  Lowndes,  Lumpkin,  Macon,  Madison, 
Marion,  McDufiie,  Mcintosh,  Meriwether,  Miller,  Milton, 
Mitchell,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan,  Murray,  Mus- 
cogee, Newton,  Oconee,  Oglethorpe,  Paulding,  Pickens, 
Pierce,  Pike,  Polk,  Pulaski,  Putnam,  Quitman,  Eabun, 
Randolph,  Richmond,  Rockdale,  Schley,  Screven,  Spalding, 
Stewart,  Sumter,  Talbot,  Taliaferro,  Tatnall,  Taylor,  Telfair, 
Terrell,  Thomas,  Towns,  Troup,  Twiggs,  Union,  Upson, 
Walker,  Walton,  Ware,  Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Web- 
ster, White,  Whitfield,  Wilcox,  Wilkes,  Wilkinson,  Worth. 

Cities  and  Towns. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Atlanta, 
the  capital  and  largest  city,  a  thriving  railroad  centre,  the 
seat  of  extensive  trade  and  manufactures  (pop.  in  1890, 
65,533);  Savannah,  the  principal  seaport  and  commercial 
centre  (pop.  43,189) ;  Augusta,  the  Lowell  of  the  South,  on 
the  Savannah  River  (pop.  33,300) ;  Macon,  a  commercial 
and  railroad  centre,  on  the  Ocmulgee  (pop.  22,746);  Co- 
lumbus, on  the  Chattahoochee,  a  busy  manufacturing  town 
(pop.  17,303);  Athens,  on  the  Oconee  (pop.  8459).  Other 
places  of  importance  are  Brunswick,  Rome,  Americus, 
Thomasville,  GriflBn,  Marietta,  Milledgeville,  Gainesville, 
Ac.  The  principal  seaports  are  Savannah,  Brunswick, 
Darien,  Doboy  Island,  and  St.  Mary's. 

Railroads. — The  railroad  system  of  Georgia  has  been 
laid  out  upon  a  generous  scale,  and  has  received  liberal 
state  aid,  but  has  apparently  been  pushed  of  late  too 
rapidly  for  public  needs.  The  period  of  commercial  de- 
pression which  began  in  1873  was  an  unfortunate  one  for 
several  important  roads  in  the  state,  and,  while  the  older 
roads  have  been  prosperous,  a  number  of  the  newer  ones 
passed  into  the  hands  of  receivers  to  be  operated  for  the 
benefit  of  creditors,  or  were  seized  by  the  state.  In  1890 
there  were  in  operation  railways  with  the  aggregate  length 
of  4593  miles. 

Finances. — In  1888there  was  a  public  debt  of  $10,449,542, 
largely  incurred  by  assisting  various  railroads.  A  consid- 
erable part  of  this  debt  is  offset  by  the  market  value  of  cer- 
tain railroads  which  have  been  seized  by  the  governor,  the 
companies  having  failed  to  keep  their  engagements  to  the 
state.  Besides  this  debt,  more  than  ten  million  dollars  in 
claims  against  the  state  have  been  disallowed. 

Public  Education  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  school 
commissioner  and  a  state  board  of  education,  assisted  by 
county  school  commissioners  and  city  superintendents. 
Separate  schools  are  maintained  for  colored  pupils.  In 
1890  there  were  4593  schools  for  white  and  2228  for  col- 
ored pupils.  The  white  pupils  enrolled  numbered  209,330, 
and  the  enrollment  of  colored  pupils  was  133,232.  The 
total  expenditure  was  $959,881.  The  state  school  fund 
for  1890  amounted  to  $826,656.05.  Aid  is  also  afforded 
to  the  cities  by  the  Peabody  fund  and  by  local  taxation. 
The  corner-stone  of  a  normal  and  technological  school  for 
girls  was  laid  at  Milledgeville  in  November,  1890.  There 
are  104  private  high  schools  and  718  private  elementary 
schools.  Athens,  favorably  situated  in  the  North,  is  the  seat 
of  the  state  university,  with  academic,  technical,  law,  and 
medical  departments,  and  having  a  branch  called  the  State 
College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts.  At  Dahlone^ 
is  the  North  Georgia  Agricultural  College,  also  a  state  insti- 
tution, affiliated  with  the  university.  There  is  a  non-seo- 
tarian  college  at  Bowdon.  Macon  is  the  seat  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity (Baptist)  and  Pio  Nono  College  (Catholic).  Emory 
College,  at  Oxford,  is  under  Methodist  supervision.  Atlanta 
has  two  collegiate  institutions, — Clarke  and  Atlanta  Univer- 
sities. Marshall  College,  at  Griffin,  and  the  Masonic  college 
at  Covington,  are  among  the  other  schools  of  this  grad^ 
Theology  is  taught  in  four  institutions,  medicine  in  three,  and 
law  in  one.  Twenty-one  colleges  for  ladies  are  reported ;  and 


GEO 


1259 


OER 


here  is  an  effective  system  of  Roman  Catholic  free  parochial 
I  jid  other  schools,  including  a  college  and  several  academies, 
'here  is  a  normal  school  at  Waynesborough.  For  the  colored 
ace  several  charitable  and  religious   associations  support 

Eecial  schools.  At  Cave  Spring  is  a  state  institution  for 
laf-mutes,  at  Macon  an  academy  for  the  blind,  and  at 
ridway  a  hospital  for  the  insane. 
History. — Founded  in  1733  by  Oglethorpe  and  other  benev- 
olent Englishmen  as  a  refuge  for  poor  deotors  (at  that  time 
I  grievously-oppressed  class),  Georgia's  early  history  is  one 

If  much  interest.  Savannah  was  founded  in  1733.  White- 
eld  established  an  orphan  asylum  at  Bethesda,  and  he, 
ith  the  Wesleys,  did  much  to  forward  the  young  colony, 
prominent  events  have  been  the  Spanish  war,  1739-42; 

e  surrender  of  the  colonial  charter,  1752 ;  the  establish- 

ent  of  the  general  assembly,  1755 ;  and  the  definition  of 

e  southern  boundary,  1763,  which  was  followed  by  a 
eriod  of  remarkable  prosperity.  Nevertheless,  Georgia 
armly  espoused  the  cause  of  her  northern  sister-provinces 

the  Revolutionary  war.  In  1778,  Savannah  was  taken 
ly  the  British.  The  first  state  constitution  was  adopted  in 
!777.  Indian  wars  followed  in  the  W.,  but  in  1802  the  Creeks 

(led  to  the  whites  their  valuable  lands  in  the  present  S.W. 
If  the  State.     In  1798,  Mississippi  Territory  was  set  off 

m  Georgia,  which  up  to  that  time  had  been  bounded  on 

3  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  In  1802,  Georgia  ceded 
ill  her  remaining  lands  in  the  present  states  of  Missis- 
ippi  and  Alabama  to  Mississippi  Territory,  and  in  1804 
hi  received  from  the  United  States  a  strip  12  miles  wide 
Uong  her  present  northern  boundary,  since  which  time  her 
iDuta  have  remained  unchanged.  (The  territory  received 
n  1804  had  belonged  to  South  Carolina  until  1787.)  In 
8J8  the  Cherokees  were  removed  from  the  state.  From 
li  8  time  Georgia  prospered  greatly,  and  merited  her  title 
f  the  Empire  State  of  the  South.  In  1 861  she  passed  the 
r  linanoe  of  secession,  and  in  the  war  which  followed  she 
o.*e  her  full  share  of  suffering.  A  new  constitution  was 
djpted  in  1865;  but  in  1867  this  constitution,  with  the 
ntire  state  government,  was  set  aside  by  Congress.  In 
8  58  another  constitution  was  adopted,  and  Georgia  was  re- 
dmitted  to  the  Union ;  but  on  the  failure  of  the  state  to 
alify  the  Fifteenth  Amendment  of  the  United  States  Con- 
ti;ution,  her  members  of  Congress  were  again  unseated, 
n  1  a  military  rule  was  re-established,  which  lasted  until 
liti  Fifteenth  Amendment  was  endorsed  by  the  state  legis- 
tture.  After  a  short  period  of  misrule  and  political  nn- 
eet,  the  state  seems  to  have  entered  upon  a  new  career  of 
rosperity  and  social  advancement. 

•Tovernment. — The  first  state  constitution  was  adopted 
»  1777,  another  in  1785,  a  third  in  1865,  and  the  one  at 
naent  in  force  was  framed  in  1868.  The  governor  is  chosen 
M  a  term  of  four  years.  There  is  a  senate  of  44,  elected 
)r  four  years,  one-half  of  the  members  being  chosen  every 
iri)  years.  The  members  of  the  house  of  representatives 
n  168  in  number,  chosen  for  2  years,  and  the  legislature 
i  called  the  General  Assembly.  The  principal  judicial 
fficers  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  most  of  the 
bate  executive  oflScers  are  chosen  by  the  General  Assembly, 
'he  state  has  eleven  representatives  in  the  lower  house  of 
'ongress. 

Pop.  in  1775,  75,000;  in  1790,  82,548;  in  1800,  162,686; 
n  1810,  252,483;  in  1820,  340,985;  in  1830,  516,283;  in 
840,  691,.392;  in  1850,  906,185;  in  1860,  1,057,286;  in 
870,  1,184,109;  in  1880,  1,542,180;  in  1890,  1,837,363. 

Georgia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
ihio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Vincennes. 

Georgia,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  948. 

Georgia,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  Georgia 
Jwnship,  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Albans.  It  baa  3  churches 
ind  an  academy.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Champlain,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Vermont 
lailroad.     Pop.  1603. 

Georgia,  New,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of 
he  Solomon  Islands,  E.  of  Papua. 

Georgia  City,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  is 
ear  Spring  River,  and  on  the  Joplin  Railroad,  14  miles 
f.W.  of  Joplin  City,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Oronogo. 

Georgia,  Gulf  of.     See  Gulp  op  Georgia. 

Georgian'a,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
lobjle  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont- 
ornery.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Georgiana,  township,  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1056. 

Georgiana,  a  post-office  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  Indian 

1  ^^"''''eia'*  Bay,  Canada,  is  the  northeastern  part  of 
^e  Huron.  It  is  partly  separated  from  the  main  body 
[f  that  lake  by  a  peninsula  called  Cabot's  Head  and  by 


Great   Manitoulin  Island.     It  is  about  110  miles  long  and 
50  miles  wide. 

Georgia  Pass,  Colorado,  a  pass  of  the  main  rang* 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  Elevation,  11,487  feet.  Lat.  39* 
28'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  55'  W.   The  grades  are  easy  on  both  sides. 

Georgia  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt. 

Geor'giaTille,  a  post- village  in  Smithfield  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  A  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  manufactories  of  cotton  print  cloth. 
Pop.  608. 

Georgievsk,  or  Gheorghievsk,  g^-oR-ghe-ivsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Terek,  near  an  affluent  of 
the  Kooma  (Kuma),  90  miles  S.E.  of  Stavropol.    Pop.  3346. 

Georgievskoe,  gi-oR-ghe-fiv'sko-i,  a  village  of  Rus- 
sia, 120  miles  N.W.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Kama. 

Georgi'na,  or  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newmarket.  It  contains  sev- 
eral stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Georgswalde,  gi'oRgs-^ird§h,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
64  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  5671. 

Geppersdorf,  gh5p'p§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1040. 

Geppersdorf,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle  ot 
Troppau.     Pop.  342. 

Gepp'ville,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind. 

Ger,  zhaiR,  the  name  of  several  villages  of  France,  th« 
principal  of  which  is  in  Manche,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mortain, 
with  a  pop.  of  416. 

Gera,  gi'ri,  a  river  of  Central  Germany,  flows  north- 
ward, and,  after  a  course  of  about  38  miles,  joins  the  Ui»- 
strut  12  miles  N.  of  Erfurt. 

Gera,  a  town  of  Germany,  chief  town  of  Reuss-Schleitz, 
on  the  White  Elster,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leipsic.  It  is  con  • 
nected  by  railway  with  the  principal  cities  of  Germany, 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals, 
an  orphan  asylum,  a  richly-endowed  gymnasium,  a  public 
library,  museums,  and  normal  and  other  schools.  It  manu- 
factures woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  hats,  tobacco, 
porcelain,  colors,  earthenware,  and  carriages,  and  has  dye- 
works,  breweries,  and  brick-kilns.  In  its  neighborhood  ara 
well-frequented  public  baths.     Pop.  in  1890,  39,599. 

Gerace,  ji-r4'chi  (anc.  Lo'cri),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov 
ince  and  34  miles  (60  miles  by  rail)  N.E.  of  Reggio  di  Cala- 
bria.    Pop.  7257.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Geraci,  ji-r4'chee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  Dimona, 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cefalil.     Pop.  3382. 

Ger'aldton,  a  seaport  of  West  Australia,  near  Cham- 
pion Bay,  226  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Perth.  Lead  and  copper 
are  mined  near  it.     Pop.,  with  surrounding  district,  2943. 

G6rard-de-Ry8,  zh4^raR'-de-reece,  an  island  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  3°  10'  S..  Ion.  148°  10'  E.,  40  miles  long, 
and  inhabited  by  Papuan  negroes. 

G6rardmer,  zhi^raRd^maiR',  or  G6roin6,  zh&'ro^mi', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  between  Lakes  G6rardmer, 
Longemer,  and  Retournemer,  18  miles  S.  of  Saint-Di6. 
Pop.  2331. 

Ger'ardstovvii,orGer'rardstown,apost-villageof 
Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles  from  Martinsburg.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2549. 

Gerasa,  je-r&'sa,  or  Jerash,  je-r&sh',  written  also 
Djerash,  a  ruined  city  of  Syria,  in  ancient  Decapolis,  80 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Damascus,  on  the  opposite  slopes  of  two 
hills,  2000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  32°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  36°  3'  E.  The  ruins  of  this  city  have  been  compared 
to  those  of  Baalbec  and  Palmyra.  Gerasa  was  built  by  the 
Romans  after  their  conquests  in  the  East,  taken  by  storm 
by  Alexander  Jannaeus,  burned  by  the  Jews  in  their  ven- 
geance on  the  Syrians  for  the  massacre  of  their  brethren  at 
Csesarea,  taken  by  Annius,  a  general  under  Vespasian,  whte 
burned  what  remained  of  it,  and  in  1122  its  castle  was  de- 
stroyed by  Baldwin  II.  of  Jerusalem.  Another  Gerasa  stood 
on  the  E.  of  the  Lake  of  Galilee,  opposite  Magdala. 

Geran,  a  town  of  Hesse.    See  Gross  Gerau. 

Gerba,  or  Gerbi,  Africa.    See  Jerba. 

Gerberoy,  zhftR'b^h-rwi',  an  ancient  town  of  France, 
in  Gise,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  316. 

Gerb^viller,  zhfiR^biVee*yaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Mosolle,  6  miles  S.  of  Lunfiville.     Pop.  1914. 

Gerbier-des- Jones,  zhiR^be-i'-di-zh6N»',  one  of  the 
C6vennes  Mountains,  in  France,  department  of  ArdSclie, 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Privas.     Height,  6126  feet. 

Gerbstedt,  or  Gerbst&dt,  gh^Rb'stdtt,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg.    Pop.  2968. 

Gerdauen,  gh^R'dSw-^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  SO 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Insterburg.     Pop.  2864. 

Gere,  gheer,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 


GER 


1260 


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Geremoabo,  zhi-ri-mo-i'bo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the 
interior  of  the  province  of  Bahia.     Pop.  3000, 

Gcrenzano,  j^-rdn-z&'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1755. 

Gerez,  Serra  de.    See  Serra  de  Gerez. 

Gergal,  H^R-g&r,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18 
allies  N.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  3681. 

Gergei,  j^R-j^'ee,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
34  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1960. 

Gergen,  ghfiR^ghSn',  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
n  the  Euphrates.     Lat.  37°  56'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  39°  11'  E. 

Gergenti,  a  city  of  Sicily.     See  Girgenti. 

Gergesdorf,  Transylvania.     See  Gtor-Falva. 

Gerideh)  ghSh'reeM^h  (anc.  Cra'tia  ?  or  Flaviop'olit  t), 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  32  miles  E.  of  Boli. 

Gerindote,  Hi-reen-do'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1173. 

Geringswalde,  gi'rings-^iPd^h,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
30  miles  S.E,  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2850. 

Gerk)  ghdak,  a  village  ot  Slavonia,  Austria- Hungary, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Bossut  and  Save.     Pop.  1680. 

Gerki)  ghfiR'kee,  a  town  of  the  Saccatoo  country,  Africa, 
about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Kano. 

Gerlachsheim,  gh5R'liKs-hime\  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Baden,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  1039. 

Gerlachsheim,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  gov- 
ernment and  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz. 

Gerlachsheim  Gerlingeu  (ghiR'ling-?n),  a  village 
of  WUrtemberg,  3  miles  E.  of  Leonberg.     Pop.  1850. 

GerlaW)  gher'law,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N. 
of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church  and  10  houses. 

Germa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yerma. 

Germa^  ghSR'mS,,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Moorzook. 

German.    See  Germant. 

German,  jer'man,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1302.     It  contains  Taylorsville. 

German,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2233. 
It  contains  Bremen. 

German,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  line.     Pop.  551. 

German,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1683.     It  contains  St.  Joseph. 

German,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  930. 

German,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1532. 

German,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1117. 

German,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  868. 

German,  a  post-township  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.     Pop.  666. 

German,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  1462.  It 
contains  Allentown  and  Elida. 

German,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop.  1750. 
It  contains  New  Bremen  and  Ober-Bremen. 

German,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1918.  It 
contains  Fremont  and  Noblesville. 

German,  a  post-township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1743. 
It  contains  Palestine,  at  which  is  German  Post-Office. 

German,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2479.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Archbold. 

German,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1227. 
It  contains  Cadiz  Junction,  Miller's  Station,  and  New  Jef- 
ferson. 

German,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.    Pop.  1408. 

German,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.   Pop.  3197. 

German,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  washed  on 
the  W.  by  the  river  Monongahela.     Pop.  1911. 

German,  a  post-oflSce  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

German  Flats,  a  township  of  Herkimer  oo.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  7402.     It  contains  Dion  and  Mohawk. 

Germania,  the  Latin  name  of  Germany. 

Germa'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Germania,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Germania,  a  post-office  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich. 

Germania,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J. ,  in  Galloway 
township,  5^  miles  from  Egg  Harbor  City.  Wine  ia  made 
here. 

Germania,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Look  Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Germania,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  in 
Shields  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  wagons,  <tc. 

Germanic  Confederation.    See  Geruany. 

Germanicia,  the  ancient  name  of  Marash. 


Germanicum  Mare  and  Germanicus  Oceanas, 

ancient  names  of  the  North  Sea. 

German  Mills,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  % 
miles  S.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  100. 

Germano,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  New  Jefferson 

German  Ocean.     See  North  Sea. 

Ger'mansville,  a  hamlet  in  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Slatington, 
and  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Ger'manton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Winston.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Ger'mantown,  a  hamlet  of  Conway  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Little 
Rock. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co..  Gal.,  84 
miles  from  Williams. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  St. 
Mary's  River,  22  miles  N.  of  Callahan,  Fla.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Germantown,  a  station  on  the  Cherokee  Railroad,  a 
few  miles  E.  of  Rockmart,  Ga. 

Germantown,  Clinton  co.,  111.    See  Hanover. 

Germantown,  township,  Livingston  co.,  111.   Pop.  369. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall 
Creek,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Germantown,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  See  East 
Germantown. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas, 
65  miles  S.  of  Kearney  Junction,  Neb. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  and  Mason 
COS.,  Ky.,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Maysville.  It  has  6  churchea 
and  an  active  trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  351. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  2  warehouses. 

Germantown,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  100. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  about  55 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Germantown,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Nebraska  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Germantown  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  10  miles  below  Hudson.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1445. 

Germantown,  Stokes  co.,  N.C.    See  Germanton. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  in  German  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  Twin  Creek,  and  in  a  beautiful  and 
fertile  valley,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dayton,  and  40 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  several  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  whisky,  cigars,  <fec.     Pop.  1440, 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Lower  Salem.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Germantown,  Pennsylvania,  a  northern  suburb  of 
Philadelphia,  is  on  the  Germantown  and  Chestnut  Hill 
Branches  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  and  Pennsylvania 
Railroads,  7  and  8  miles  from  their  respective  initial  sta- 
tions at  Philadelphia.  It  is  in  the  22d  ward  of  the  city,  and 
pleasantly  situated  on  high  ground,  the  surface  of  which 
is  agreeably  diversified.  It  contains  numerous  churches 
and  elegant  mansions  and  villas.  Many  merchants  and 
opulent  citizens  of  Philadelphia  have  here  residences  sur 
rounded  by  spacious  gardens,  lawns,  and  open  areas.  Four 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Germantown  has  a 
Catholic  day  college,  a  Vincentian  seminary,  private  schools 
of  a  high  order,  several  libraries,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  important  manufactures  of  cottons  and  woollens. 
The  places  of  business  are  mostly  on  Main  Street  (or  Ger- 
mantown Avenue),  which  is  3  or  4  miles  long. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn., 
near  Wolf  River,  and  15  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-gin  factory.     Pop.  268. 

Germantown,  a  village  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  h  mile  from 
the  Warm  Springs,  and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Millborough 
Depot.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  2  mile« 
N.W.  of  Fairfax  Court-House. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Germantown  town- 
ship, Juneau  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  about  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  712. 

Germantown,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Wi«. 
Pop.  1985.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Northwestern  Union  a»i   ^ 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul   Railroads.     GermantW^"    > 
Station  on  the  latter  road  is  at  South  Germantown,  20  miW 
N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 


0£K 


1261 


GER 


Germantown  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  the  New  York  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Philadelphia 
and  New  York  division  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  5^  miles 
from  Broad  Street  Station.  On  the  last-mentioned  road  it 
is  called  Sixteenth  Street.  It  is  also  at  the  junction  of  the 
Germantown  &  Chestnut  Hill  and  Norristown  Branches  of 
the  Reading  Railroad. 

German  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  High  Bridge  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Chester  Branch,  5  miles  W.  of  Chester,  and  11  miles  N.E. 
of  High  Bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  hub-factory. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Ger'manville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa, 
iu  Walnut  township,  about  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington, 
and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Skunk  River.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ger'many,  or  German  Empire  (L.  Gervia'nia ; 
Ger.  Deutachland,  doitch'lint;  Fr.  Allemagne,  ilTmin'; 
Sp.  Alemania,  i-Ii-mi'ne-i),  an  empire  of  Central  Europe, 
comprising  26  states,  in  which  the  German  race  and  lan- 
guage prevail,  between  lat.  45°  and  55°  30'  N.,  Ion.  6°  and 
22°  50'  E.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  North  Sea,  Denmark, 
land  the  Baltic,  E.  by  Russia  and  Austria,  W.  by  France, 
lielgium,  and  the  Netherlands,  and  S.  by  Austria  and 
I  Switzerland.  The  German  empire  comprises  the  following 
itates: 


jiUU 


states  of  the  Empire. 


Prussia 

Bavaria 

WUrtemberg 

Saxony 

Baden 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin 

Hesse 

Oldenburg 

Brunswick , 

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 

Mecklonburg-Strelitz 

Saxe-Mei  ni  ngen-Hildbnrghausen . 

Auhalt 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 

Saxe-Altenburg 

Waldeck 

Lippe 

Schwarzburg-Riidolstadt 

Scbwarzburg-Soudersbausen 

Reuss-Schleitz 

Schaumburg-Lippe 

Reusa-Greitz 

Hamburg 

Lubeck , 

Bremen 

Alsace-Lorraine , 


Total. 


Area, 
English 
sq.  miles. 


134,292 

29,292 

7,530 

5,787 

5  820 

5,137 

2,964 

2,470 

1,425 

1,404 

1,131 

953 

906 

760 

510 

439 

438 

364 

333 

220 

171 

122 

157 

109 

97 

6,603 


208,434 


Pop.  1890. 


29,959,388 

5,58i<,3ti2 

2,035,443 

3,5(10,513 

1,656,817 

678,505 

993,659 

354,968 

40i,78S 

326,091 

97,978 

223,832 

271,759 

206,513 

170,804 

57,283 

128,414 

85,863 

75,510 

119,811 

39,163 

62,754 

622,530 

76,485 

180,143 

1,003,987 


49,421,803 


The  constitution  of  the  empire  bears  date  April  16,  1871. 
By  its  terms  the  states  of  Germany  "  form  an  eternal  union 
for  the  protection  of  the  realm  and  the  care  of  the  welfare 
of  the  German  people."  The  supreme  direction  of  the  mili- 
tary and  political  affairs  of  the  empire  is  vested  in  the  King 
of  Prussia,  who,  as  such,  bears  the  title  of  "  Deutscber 
Kaiser,"  or  German  Emperor.  According  to  the  constitu- 
tion, the  "  Kaiser  represents  the  empire  internationally," 
land  can  declare  war,  if  defensive,  and  make  peace,  as  well 
as  enter  into  treaties  with  other  nations,  and  appoint  and 
rtKSeive  ambassadors.  To  declare  war,  if  not  merely  de- 
fensive, the  Kaiser  must  have  the  consent  of  the  Bundes- 
rath,  or  Federal  Council,  in  which  body,  together  with  the 
Reichstag,  or  Diet  of  the  Realm,  are  vested  the  legislative 
functions  of  the  empire.  The  Bundesrath  represents  the  in- 
dividual states  of  Germany,  and  the  Reichstag  the  German 
nation.  The  members  of  the  Bundesrath,  59  in  number, 
are  appointed  by  the  governments  of  the  individual  states 
for  each  session;  those  of  the  Reichstag,  397  in  number, 
are  elected  by  universal  suffrage  and  ballot  for  the  term  of 
three  years.  The  states  are  represented  in  both  bodies 
proportionately  to  their  population. 

The  army  of  the  empire  numbers  (1892)  491,217  men  on 
the  peace  footing,  and  about  2,650,000  men  on  the  war  foot- 
ing, The  navy  comprises  (1S91)  77  war-vessels,  bearing 
611  guns.  The  estimated  expenditures  of  the  empire  for 
the  year  ending  March  31,  1888,  were  746,888,121  marks 
(about  $177,759,372),  of  which  578,551,945  marks  were  ex- 
1  pected  to  be  derived  from  customs  and  excise  duties,  stamps, 
posts,  telegraphs,  railways,  interests,  etc.,  and  168,336,177 
marks  from  contributions  of  the  individual  States. 


Germany  is  divided  naturally  into  three  regions, — tha 
upper  or  S.  region,  the  middle  or  the  region  of  plateaus, 
and  the  lower  or  N.  region.  The  slopes  of  the  Alps,  which 
cover  the  whole  of  the  S.  part,  comprise  five  principal 
groups,  the  chief  ramifications  of  which  follow  the  course 
of  the  Inn  on  the  N.,  and  branch  out  to  the  Bavarian  Alps 
and  the  mountains  of  Vorarlberg,  extendingW.  to  the  Lake 
of  Constance  and  the  Schwarzwald,  near  the  source  of  the 
Danube.  The  chain  of  the  Carpathians  begins  at  the  mouth 
of  the  March  in  the  Danube,  and  extends  to  the  source  of 
the  Vistula,  forming  the  S.E.  confines  of  Germany.  On  tha 
\f.  of  Germany,  and  at  the  extremity  of  the  Alpine  range, 
which  passes  between  the  Danube  and  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance, a  chain  of  heights  extends  N.  to  the  plain  of  West- 
phalia, separating  the  basin  of  the  Rhine  from  that  of  the 
other  alSuents  of  the  North  Sea.  Its  principal  masses  are 
the  Schwarzwald  (Black  Forest),  between  the  valleys  of  the 
Rhine  and  Neckar,  the  Odenwald,  the  Rhon-Gebirge,  the 
Vogelsberg,  the  Taunus,  and  the  Westerwald.  On  the  S. 
of  the  Rhine  the  chief  mountains  are  the  Ilardt  and  Hohe- 
wald.  The  Fichtel-Gebirge,  in  the  N.  of  Bavaria,  separate 
the  basins  of  the  affluents  of  the  North  Sea  and  the  Black 
Sea,  and  form  the  nucleus  of  the  Erz-Gebirge,  the  Bohmer- 
wald,  the  German  Jura,  and  the  Thiiringerwald.  The  whole 
of  the  country  comprised  between  the  mountains  on  the  S. 
and  the  North  Sea  and  Denmark  on  the  N.  forms  part  of 
the  great  plain  of  Northern  Europe,  and  is  traversed  by 
large  rivers,  extending  W.  to  the  Netherlands  and  E.  to 
Russia.  The  N.E.  part,  between  Denmark  and  Russia,  is 
bathed  by  the  Baltic  and  its  branches,  the  Little  Belt  and 
Kiel  Bay.  Its  principal  gulfs  are  the  Curische-Haff,  formed 
by  the  estuary  of  the  Niemen,  the  Gulf  of  Dantzic,  with 
the  Frische-Haff;  also  the  Grosses-  and  Kleines-Haff  and 
the  Neustadter  Bay,  or  Gulf  of  Liibeck.  On  this  coast  are 
the  thr^e  principal  islands  of  Germany, — Riigen,  Usedom, 
and  Femern. 

The  waters  of  Germany  flow  N.  to  the  North  Sea  and  the 
Baltic,  S.  to  the  Adriatic,  and  E.  to  the  Black  Sea.  Its 
principal  rivers,  in  the  basin  of  the  North  Sea,  are  tha 
Rhine,  with  its  affluents  the  Neckar,  Main,  Rcdnitz,  Lahn, 
Sieg,  Ruhr,  and  Lippe  on  the  right,  and  the  Nahe,  Moselle, 
Sarre,  and  Sure  on  the  left ;  the  Ems,  Weser,  Werra,  Fulda, 
and  Elbe,  with  its  affluents  the  Moldau,  Eger,  Mulde,  and 
Saale  on  the  left,  and  the  Isa,  Alster,  and  Havel  on  the 
right;  in  the  basin  of  the  Baltic,  the  Oder,  with  its  affluents 
the  Oppa,  Neisse,  and  Katzbach  on  the  left,  and  the  Bartsch, 
Warta,  and  Ihna  on  the  right;  and  in  the  basin  of  the 
Black  Sea,  the  Danube,  with  its  affluents  the  Iller,  Lech, 
Isar,  Inn,  Traun,  and  Ens  on  the  right,  and  the  Wernitz, 
Altmiihl,  Naab,  and  Regen  on  the  lett.  The  chief  canals 
are  the  Plauen,  connecting  the  Elbe  and  the  Oder  by  means 
of  the  Havel  River;  the  Finow  Canal,  between  the  Havel 
and  the  Oder;  the  Frederick  William  Canal,  between  the 
Oder  and  the  Spree ;  the  Eider  Canal,  connecting  the  Baltio 
and  the  North  Sea;  and  the  Ludwigs  Canal,  between  the 
Rhine  and  the  Danube. 

The  lakes  of  Germany  belong  to  the  Alpine  regions  in 
the  basins  of  the  Rhine  and  Danube  on  the  S.,  and  to  the 
plain  of  the  Baltic  on  the  N.  There  are  few  in  the  centre. 
The  principal  are  in  the  south,  such  as  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance, Chiem -See,  WUrm-See,  Ammer-See,  Mond-See,  and 
Traun-See.  These  are  generally  deep  basins,  surrounded 
by  mountains,  as  in  Switzerland.  The  lakes  of  Northern 
Germany  are  of  quite  an  opposite  character,  being  shallow 
marshes  in  the  nearly  level  plains.  The  chief  of  these  are 
the  Eutiner-See  and  Ploner-See,  in  Holstein;  the  Mal- 
chiner-See,  Plauen-See,  and  Schwerin-Sec,  in  Mecklen- 
burg ;  the  Ruppiner-See  and  Ucker-See,  in  the  Mark ;  and 
the  Madiie-See  and  Vilmer-See,  in  Pomerania. 

The  climate  of  Germany  is  in  general  temperate  and 
healthy,  but  varies  greatly  in  different  divisions.  Southern 
Germany,  notwithstanding  the  heat  of  its  valleys,  is,  on 
account  of  its  elevation,  proportionally  colder  than  the  mora 
N.  basins  of  the  Rhine,  Main,  Neckar,  Moselle,  and  Dan- 
ube. Farther  N.  the  mountains  of  Central  Germany  sep- 
arate the  climates  of  the  S.  and  N.  In  Southern  Germany 
the  winters  are  short,  and  so  mild  that  the  snow  lies  only  a 
few  days ;  summer  sets  in  early,  and  the  heat  in  the  valleyi 
is  often  excessive ;  and  here  maize,  the  chestnut,  and  the 
vine  flourish.  In  the  N.W.  the  cold  of  the  long  winters  is 
so  severe  that  the  rivers  and  lakes  are  for  months  together 
covered  with  ice  strong  enough  to  bear  loaded  wagons,  and 
the  ground  is  for  three  or  four  months  covered  with  deep 
snow.  The  rainfall  over  Germany  averages  30  inches ;  in 
summer  it  is  more  than  double  that  of  winter.  The  prevail- 
ing winds  are  W.  and  N.W. 

The  minerals  of  the  country  are  extensive  and  variad. 


GER 


1262 


dER 


Gold  and  silver  are  found  in  Saxony  and  the  Harz,  and 
other  parts  produce  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead,  mercury,  bis- 
muth, zino,  arsenic,  cobalt,  and  antimony ;  all  kinds  of  build- 
ing-stone, and  the  finest  lithographio  stones,  marble,  porce- 
lain clay,  coal,  and  turf  occur.  Salt  abounds  in  mines,  and 
there  are  many  medicinal  and  warm  mineral  springs. 

The  vegetable  products  comprise  all  kinds  of  cereals,  the 
chief  of  which,  in  the  N.,  are  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  and 
especially  buckwheat ;  in  the  S.,  spelt  and  maize,  garden- 
products  of  all  kinds,  and  potatoes.  The  principal  plants 
used  in  manufactures  are  flax  in  Prussia,  Saxony,  and  the 
states  of  Central  Germany ;  hemp  chiefly  in  Southern  Ger- 
many. Tobacco,  hops,  rape-seed,  poppy,  madder,  saffron, 
anise-seed,  and  liquorice  are  produced;  the  cultivation  of 
beets  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar  has  been  lately  much 
extended.  Fruit  trees  comprise  the  apple,  pear,  chestnut, 
almond,  walnut,  and  apricot.  The  vine,  first  introduced  by 
the  Romans,  is  cultivated  as  far  as  51°  N.,  but  chiefly  in  the 
valleys  of  the  Middle  Rhine,  Moselle,  Neckar,  and  Main. 
Timber  is  very  extensively  distributed,  especially  in  the 
N.E.,  not  only  on  the  mountains — from  the  wooded  charac- 
ter of  which  the  word  "Wald"  (wood)  is  often  used  for 
mountain — but  also  in  the  plains.  The  pine  prevails  in  the 
E.,  the  oak  and  beech  are  most  common  in  the  W. 

Germany  is  abundantly  provided  with  all  the  useful  do- 
mestic animals,  particularly  horned  cattle,  horses,  sheep, 
and  pigs ;  asses  and  mules  are  not  numerous.  Among  wild 
animals  are  the  bear,  the  chamois,  and  the  marmot  in  the 
Alps ;  the  wolf  is  sometimes  met  with  in  the  valley  of  the 
Rhine,  the  hamster  in  the  Harz,  and  the  lynx,  fox,  martin, 
and  weasel  generally.  The  eagle  and  vulture  are  found 
chiefly  in  the  Alps.  Fish  in  the  rivers  comprise  carp,  pike, 
perch,  eels,  and  trout.  Bees  are  kept  in  the  meadows  of  the 
N.    The  silk-worm  is  reared  in  the  south. 

The  inhabitants  of  Germany  are  chiefly  of  the  Teutonio 
race,  the  natives  of  parts  of  Saxony  and  Prussia  being  Sla- 
vonians or  Wends.  The  German  language  is,  with  the 
exception  of  the  newly-annexed  districts  of  the  Reichsland 
of  Alsace-Lorraine,  everywhere  predominant ;  it  is  divided 
into  High  and  Low  German,  the  first  of  which  is  the  chief 
written  language.  Dutch  and  Frisian  are  spoken  to  a  lim- 
ited extent  in  the  N.W.,  Danish  in  the  N.,  Czechic  and 
Wendish  in  the  centre,  Livonian,  Polish,  Lettish,  Ac,  in 
the  E.  and  N.E.,  French  and  Walloon  in  the  S.W.  and  W. 
General  education  in  Germany  is  of  a  higher  order  than  in 
any  other  country  of  Europe;  in  many  of  the  states  the 
common  schools  are  excellent,  especially  in  Prussia  and 
Saxony.  There  are  21  universities,  besides  gymnasia,  ly- 
oeums,  academies,  learned  societies,  and  richly  furnished 
public  libraries,  in  the  different  states.  These  universities 
nave  a  total  of  about  30,000  students  per  annum,  with  about 
2500  professors  and  teachers.  The  four  most  frequented 
universities  are  those  of  Berlin,  Leipsio,  Munich,  and 
Halle,  the  first-named  having  about  5000  and  the  last  about 
1800  students.  The  advantages  derived  from  these  in- 
stitutions are  apparent  in  the  great  activity  exhibited  in 
every  branch  of  literature  and  science,  and  in  the  impor- 
tance of  the  German  book-trade.  Architecture,  printing, 
and  the  preparation  of  astronomical  and  optical  instruments 
have  also  attained  great  excellence.  The  chief  branches 
of  industry  are  agriculture,  cattle-rearing,  and  mining.  La 
the  countries  of  Northern  Germany  steam-power  is  most 
extensively  employed.  The  manufactures  comprise  linens, 
silks,  and  woollens,  steam-engines  of  every  description, 
iron,  steel,  and  other  articles  in  metal,  wooden-wares, 
clocks,  and  toys,  paper  and  leather  manufactures,  and  por- 
celain. Breweries  and  brandy-distilleries  are  numerous, 
especially  in  the  N.  The  trade  of  Germany,  formerly 
greatly  trammelled  by  the  varying  rates  of  duties  and  cus- 
toms levied  by  the  diflferent  states,  received  a  fresh  impulse, 
before  the  establishment  of  the  empire,  from  the  institution 
of  the  customs-union,  or  Zollverein,  by  which  the  several 
states  agreed  to  a  uniform  rate  of  charges  in  transport 
duties  and  postages,  and  a  fixed  rate  of  exchange.  The 
trade  of  Germany  is  chiefly  with  Great  Britain.  From  the 
United  States,  Germany  receives  much  cotton,  tobacco,  pe- 
troleum, and  provisions.  Internal  commerce  is  greatly 
facilitated  by  the  numerous  navigable  rivers,  all  of  which 
are  traversed  by  steamers,  and  by  an  excellent  system  of 
railways  and  canals. 

For  nine  centuries  previous  to  1792,  Germany,  including 
at  that  time  the  greater  part  of  Austria,  formed  an  empire 
governed  by  a  sovereign  elected  by  the  different  states.  For 
the  purposes  of  administration,  the  empire  was  divided  into 
10  circles,  and  comprised,  besides  the  kingdom  of  Bohemia, 
the  margraviate  of  Moravia  and  the  duchy  of  Silesia ;  its 
capital  was  Vienna.     The  diet,  or  general  assembly  of  the 


empire,  was  composed  of  three  colleges,  and  was  convoked  by 
the  emperor,  who  was  assisted  in  the  administration  of  affairi 
by  the  Aulic  Council,  which  exercised  the  functions  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  empire.  The  conquests  of  the  French, 
and  the  annexation  of  Belgium  and  the  other  countries  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  to  France,  led  to  the  dissolution 
of  the  empire  in  1806.  This  was  replaced  temporarily  by 
the  Confederation  of  the  Rhine,  which,  under  the  sway  of 
France,  consisted  of  the  kingdoms  of  Bavaria  and  Wiirtem- 
berg  and  several  petty  states.  The  confederation  was 
established  at  Paris,  July  12,  1806,  under  the  dictation  of 
Napoleon  I.  Its  territory  was  from  time  to  time  consider- 
ably augmented,  till  its  dissolution  in  1813.  In  1815,  the 
congress  of  Vienna  established  the  Germanic  Confedera- 
tion, by  which  the  states  of  Germany  and  the  dominions 
of  the  Emperor  of  Austria  formed  an  alliance  to  secure 
the  integrity  of  their  laws  and  their  respective  territories 
and  to  maintain  the  peace  and  order  of  the  whole.  This 
continued  until  1848,  when,  in  consequence  of  revolu- 
tionary movements,  the  governments  of  many  of  the  Ger- 
man states  were  changed,  and  a  National  Assembly  sat  for 
some  time  at  Frankfort,  but  without  result.  To  effect  a 
firmer  reorganization,  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  Franz  Jo- 
seph, presented,  on  August  17,  1863,  to  the  confederate 
princes  assembled  at  Frankfort,  excluding  Prussia,  an  act 
to  reform  the  confederation.  To  this  Prussia  would  not 
accede,  except  on  condition  of  perfect  equality  with  Austria. 
This  being  refused,  Prussia,  at  the  federal  assembly  of  April 
9,  1866,  proposed  to  convoke  a  parliament,  a  proposal 
which  was  referred  to  a  committee,  but  without  any  result, 
and  on  June  14  Prussia  withdrew  from  the  confederacy, 
declaring  it  dissolved,  announcing  at  the  same  time  the 
basis  of  a  new  confederacy,  excluding  Austria.  The  federal 
assembly  protested,  and  continued  its  functions,  till,  war 
having  been  declared,  the  diet  quitted  Frankfort  and  re- 
moved to  Augsburg,  where  it  held  its  last  sitting  on  August 
24,  1866.  In  the  interval,  the  Prussian  armies  had  been 
victorious  in  Bohemia,  and,  by  the  peace  of  Prague,  Aus- 
tria renounced  her  federal  connection  with  the  German 
states,  and  engaged  not  to  oppose  the  formation  of  a  new 
confederation  under  the  supreme  direction  of  Prussia.  In 
Article  V.  of  this  treaty  the  Emperor  of  Austria  trans- 
ferred to  Prussia  all  the  rights  acquired  over  the  duchies  of 
Holstein  and  Sleswick,  while  Prussia  engaged  to  leave  the 
territory  of  the  King  of  Saxony  intact.  The  kingdom  of 
Hanover,  Electoral  Hesse,  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  and  the  free 
city  of  Frankfort,  with  portions  of  Bavaria  and  the  grand 
duchy  of  Ilesse,  were  annexed  to  the  kingdom  of  Prussia,  by 
decree,  September  20,  1866.  Upon  this,  at  the  invitation  of 
Prussia,  all  the  states  of  Germany  N.  of  the  Main  entered 
into  an  alliance,  offensive  and  defensive,  under  the  title  of 
the  North  German  Confederation.  The  first  North  German 
parliament  met  at  Berlin,  February  24,  1867.  This  parlia- 
ment afterwards  voted,  January  29,  1871,  on  the  initiative 
of  all  the  reigning  princes  of  Germany,  including  the  kings 
of  Bavaria,  Wiirtemberg,  and  Saxony,  a  resolution  by  which 
the  King  of  Prussia  became  invested  with  imperial  power* 
over  the  new  confederation,  under  the  title  of  German  Em- 
peror. By  the  treaty  of  peace  between  France  and  Germany, 
concluded  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  May  10, 1871,  the  ter- 
ritory of  Alsace-Lorraine  was  definitely  ceded  to  Germany, 
and  now  forms  a  province  of  the  German  empire,  being 
called  "  Reichsland,"  or  imperial  realm,  under  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Reichstag  of  Germany,  and  more  immediately 
under  that  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Empire. 

Ger'many,  a  township  of  Richland  co..  111.    Pop.  1040. 

Germany,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pike  co.,  0. 

Germany,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.     Pop.  880,  exclusive  of  Littlestown. 

Germany,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

Germersheim,  ghfin'm^rs-hime^  (anc.  Vi'cut  Ju'- 
liusf),  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Rhine,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Speyer,  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  6455.  Near 
it  is  the  ruined  castle  of  FriedrichsbUhl,  where  Rudolph  of 
Hapsburg  died,  a.d.  1291. 

Germi,  ghSn'mee,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan, 
120  miles  N.E.  of  Tabreez.  It  is  large,  and  its  inhabitant* 
are  rich  in  flocks  and  cattle. 

Ger'monds,  a  station  of  the  Nanuet  &  New  City  Rail- 
road, Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clarkstown  township,  2  milei 
S.  of  Clarkstown. 

Gernrode,  ghfiRn'roM^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  An- 
halt,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2151. 

Gernsbach,  ghfinns'biK,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  on  the  Murg,  17  miles  S.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2431. 

Gernsheim,  ghfiRns'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     P.  3210. 


OER 


1263 


QEZ 


Gerolstein,  gi'rol-8tine\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
i  miles  N.  of  Treves,  with  mineral  baths.     Pop.  820. 

Gerolzhofen,  gi'rolts-ho'f^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  20 
liles  N.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2072. 

G^rom^,  a  village  of  France.     See  Gerardmer. 

Gerona,  Jerona,  or  Xerona,  H^-ro'n&  (ano.  Oe- 
un'da),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
lame,  on  the  Ter,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ona,  52  miles  by 
■ail  N.E.  of  Barcelona.  The  town  is  partly  enclosed  by 
iralls.  Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral,  a  fine  and  oon- 
piouous  building  of  the  fourteenth  century,  the  college 
purch  of  San  Felice,  the  Capuchin  convent,  with  an  Ara- 
[ian  bath,  the  diocesan  school,  with  a  large  library,  several 
ospitals,  and  9  convents.  Gerona  has  manufactures  of 
oarse  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  hosiery,  soap,  and  paper, 
nd  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  an  ecclesiastical  tribunal,  and  a 

ilitary  governor.     It  has  been  several  times  blockaded, 

ipecially  in  1809  by  the  French  under  Augereau,  who  lost 
6,000  men  hero  in  seven  months.     Pop.  18,606. 

Gerona^  a  maritime  province  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 

unded  N.  by  France,  E,  and  S.E.  by  the  Mediterranean. 

rea,  2413  square  miles.     Capital,  Gerona.     Pop.  325,110. 

Gerrara^  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Guerara. 

Gerrardstown,  West  Virginia.    See  Gerardstown. 

Gerresheim,  ghfiR'R§s-hime\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 

;i,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2951. 

Gerri,  nSR-Ree'  (anc.  Acer'ria?),  a  town  of  Spain,  59 

tiles  N.E.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Noguera.     Pop.  650. 
Ger'ron,  Gar'ron,  or  Gar'on,  a  conspicuous  head- 
ad  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  between 
lenarm  and  Red  Bays,  6  miles  N.  of  Glenarm. 
!  Ger'ry,  post-township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     P.  1155. 
Gerry,  a  post-village  in  Gerry  township,  Chautauqua 
.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  <fc  Pittsburg 
lilroad,  at  Vermont  Station,  26  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.     It 
kB  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 
Gers,  zhaiR  (anc.  ^gericus  ?),  a  river  of  France,  joins 
e  Garonne  near  Agen,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 
Gers,  a  department  in  the  S.W.  of  France,  a  part  of  the 
li  province  of  Gascony.    Area,  2390  square  miles.    Surface 
ostly  covered  with  ramifications  of  the  Pyrenees.     Prin- 
pal  rivers,  the  Gers,  Save,  Gimone,  Baise,  and  Adour,  all 

i'  living  a  N.  course.     Much  of  this  department  consists  of 
(laths  and  waste  land,  with  an  infertile  soil,  and  scarcely 
i.ough  corn  is  raised  for  home  consumption.    Wine  is  pro- 
iioed  in  abundance,  and  a  good  deal  of  it  is  converted  into 
landy.     Many  mules  are  reared  for  the  Spanish  markets, 
3r8  is  divided  into  5  arrondissements ;  principal  towns, 
izoh  (the  capital),  Condom,  Lectoure,  Lombez,  and  Mi- 
nde.     Pop.  in  1881,  281,532;  in  1891,  261,084. 
Gersau,  ghfiu'sSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Schwytz,  on  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.     Pop. 
i:74,  inclusive  of  its  small  territory,  which  formed  an  in- 
[jipendent  state  from  1390  to  1798. 
Gersfeld,  ghjRs'fSlt,  a  town   of  Bavaria,  in    Lower 
ranconia,  on  the  Rhon,  with  3  castles.     Pop.  1700, 
Gerstetten,  ghSR'stStH^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  8 
ties  S,W,  of  Heidenheim.     Pop.  2211. 
Gerstungen,  gh5Rs't66ng-§n,  a  village  of  Germany, 
n  Saxe- Weimar,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Eisenach,  on  the 
"erra.     Pop.  1987. 

Gertruydenberg.    See  Geertruidenberg. 
fierunda,  the  ancient  name  of  Gerona. 
Crerusalemme,  the  Italian  name  of  Jerusalem. 
Gervais,  jer'vais,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co,,  Oregon, 
m  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  13  miles  N,  of  Salem. 
It  is  near  the  Willamette  River.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
*  public  school,  a  seminary,  manufactures  of  bricks  and 
tiles,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  malt-works.     Pop.  about  550. 
Ger'yville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa,,  2  miles 
from  Pennsburg  Station,  which   is  43   miles   N.N.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Gerzat,  zhfiR^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D8me, 
i  miles  N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2361. 

Gerzen,  ghjRt's^n,  or  Gerzensee,  ghSat's^n-si',  a 
rillage  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern,     Pop,  800. 
Geseke,  g4-zi'k§h,  or  Gesecke,  gi-zfik'k^h,  a  town 
»f  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  a  railway,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Arnsberg.     Pop,  3669. 

Ges'ellsville,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  in  Green- 
field township.     Pop.  58. 

Geserich-See,  g4'z?r-iK-si',  a  lake  of  Prussia,  27 
miles  E.  of  Marienwerder.     Length,  15  miles. 
GesoriacuRi,  the  ancient  name  of  Boulogne. 
Gespuiisart,  zhfis^pfiN-'saR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ardennes,  6  miles  N.E.  of  M^ziferes.     Pop.  2050. 
Gessenay,  the  French  for  Saanen. 


Ges'sie,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  in  High- 
land township,  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &,  Chicags 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has  2  ohurchei, 
a  steam  flour-mill,  and  about  40  houses. 

Gesso-Palena,  jds'so-p&-l&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  3276. 

Gest^,  zhSsHi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire,  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Beaupr6au.     Pop.  1399. 

Gestel,  H^s't^l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  4  miles  S.E,  of  Bois-le-Duo.     Pop.  1727. 

Gestrikland,  Gftstrikland,  ySs'trik-l&nd^  or 
Gestricia,  jSs-trish'e-^,  a  former  province  of  Sweden, 
forming  now  the  S,  part  of  the  laen  of  Gefle. 

Gesturi,  jfis-too'ree,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1443. 

Gesualdo,  ji-soo-fl'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Frigento,     Pop.  3875. 

Getafe,  Hi-tS,'fi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8  milet 
S,  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3539. 

Gethsemane,  geth-sem'a-ne,  a  post-village  of  Nelson 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad 
(Knoxville  Branch),  48  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  Trappist  abbey,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lum- 
ber, and  whisky. 

Get'tysburg,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Darke 
CO.,  0.,  on  Greenville  Creek,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Piqua. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop,  in  1890,  274. 

Gettysburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Adams  co..  Pa., 
about  40  miles  S.S,W.  of  Harrisburg,  28  miles  S,  of  Car- 
lisle, and  115  miles  W,  of  Philadelphia,  It  is  on  di- 
visions of  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  and  the  Phil- 
adelphia &  Reading  Railroad.  The  site  is  uneven,  and 
diversified  by  several  hills,  called  Seminary  Ridge,  Ceme- 
tery Hill,  Ac.  Here  is  a  Lutheran  theological  seminary, 
which  was  organized  in  1826  and  has  a  library  of  18,300 
volumes,  and  here  also  is  Pennsylvania  College  (Lutheran), 
which  was  organized  in  1832  and  has  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  This  town  contains  10  churches  (2  African), 
2  national  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly 
newspapers.  At  Gettysburg  occurred  (July  1-3,  1863), 
one  of  the  most  important  and  decisive  battles  of  the 
civil  war,  between  the  Union  forces  under  General  Mefade 
and  the  Confederates  under  General  Lee,  resulting  in 
the  victory  of  the  former.  To  commemorate  this  battle 
and  those  who  fell  in  it,  a  national  monument  of  granite, 
60  feet  high,  has  been  erected  here.  The  National  Ceme- 
tery is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  country.     About 

1  mile  from  Gettysburg  is  the  Katalysine  Spring,  which  is 
a  summer  resort  with  a  fine  hotel.     Pop.  in  1890,  3221. 

Gettysburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Potter  co.,  S.D., 
75  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N,  of  Redfield,     It  has  3  churches, 

2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop,  about  400. 
Getz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  by 

rail  E,  of  Tonawanda.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 

Geule,  Ho'l^h  (Ger.  pron,  goi'l^h),  a  stream  of  the 
Netherlands,  rises  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  and,  flowing  N,W., 
falls  into  the  Mouse  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Maestricht. 

G^vaudan,  zhiVoM5N»',  an  old  division  of  France,  in 
Languedoc,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Haute- 
Loire  and  LozSre.     Its  capital  was  Mende, 

Gevelsberg,  gi'f^ls-bfiRG^  a  village  of  Westphalia,  20 
miles  by  rail  S,  of  Dortmund, 

Gevrey,  zh§h-vri',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r, 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dijon,     Pop.  1703, 

Gewitsch,  gi'^itch,  or  Gewiczko,  g4-vitch'ko,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  2734. 

Gewur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jewur. 

Gex,  zh4x,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  on  the  B.  side  of 
the  Jura  Mountains,  11  miles  N.  by  W.of  Geneva.    P.  1469. 

Geyer,  ghi'^r,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  4143. 

Geyersberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Geiersbbro. 

Geyersville,  ghl'^rz-vll,  a  village  of  Cheboygan  co., 
Mich.,  in  Inverness  township,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Petoskey. 
It  has  a  church  and  about  90  families. 

Geysers,  or  Geisers.    See  Iceland,  and  Wtominq. 

Geyser  (ghi's^r)  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal.,  in  a  deep  canon,  about  90  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco.  Here  are  about  500  boiling 
springs,  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain-scenery.  The 
water  contains  numerous  mineral  substances  in  solution. 

Geyserville,  ghi's^r-vll,  a  village  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal., 
on  the  San  Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  82  milee 
N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  68.  Hero  ii 
Clairville  Post-Office. 

Gezira,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Jbzebrbh-ibn-Omab. 


GHA 


1264 


GHE 


Ghadamis,  Ghadames,  or  Gadamis,  g&-d&'mis 
•r  g&-ddmss',  called  also  Rhadames,  a  town  of  North 
Africa,  in  an  oasis  of  the  same  name,  in  the  Desert  of 
Sahara,  310  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tripoli,  of  which  it  is  a  de- 
pendency.    Lat.  30°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  24'  23"  E.     Pop.  3000. 

Ghafsa,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Gafsa. 

Ghagra^  a  river  of  India.     See  Gogqra. 

Ghara,  or  Garra^  gir'ri,  the  name  given  to  the  Sut- 
lej  River,  in  the  Punjab,  from  the  influx  of  the  Beas,  34 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Amritsir,  to  that  of  the  Chenaub,  near  Ooch, 
a  distance  of  about  260  miles,  throughout  which  it  forms 
the  W.  boundary  of  Rajpootana  and  Bhawlpoor. 

Ghara,  or  Garra,  a  small  stream  in  Sinde,  flowing  past 
the  village  of  the  same  name,  and  reaching  the  Indian  Ocean 
10  miles  E.  of  Kurrachee. 

Ghara,  or  Garra,  a  village  of  Sinde,  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  clelta  of  the  Indus.     Lat.  24°  44'  N. ;  Ion,  67°  36'  E. 

Gharbeeyeh,  Gharbieh,  or  Garbieh,  gar-bee'- 
y^b,  a  maritime  province  of  Lower  Egypt.  Capital,  Tantah. 
Pop,  623,440. 

Ghardeia,  a  town  in  Algeria.    See  Gardaia. 

Gharghara,  the  Hindoo  name  of  the  Googra. 

Gharmy,  gaK'mee,  a  village  in  the  Libyan  Desert,  be- 
longing to  Egypt,  about  330  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cairo. 

Gharran-Tuel,  Ireland.    See  Carran-Toal. 

Ghassa,  or  Gassa,  g&s's&,  a  town  of  Bootan,  on  the 
Chin-Choo  River.     Lat.  27°  56'  N.;  Ion.  89°  18'  E. 

Ghat,  git,  an  oasis  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara,  S,  of  Tri- 
poli, and  S.W.  of  Moorzook.     Lat.  25°  N, ;  Ion.  11°  15'  E. 

Ghatal,  giHil',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Hoogly, 
35  miles  W.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  river  Silai.  Here  are  many 
silk-weavers.     Pop.  15,492. 

Ghauts,  gawts.  The,  two  mountain-chains  which  bor- 
der the  coasts  of  the  peninsula  of  India,  diverging  from 
each  other  northward  at  the  Neilgherry  Hills,  lat.  11°  20' 
N.,  Ion.  76°  E.,  and  enclosing  E.  and  AV.  the  Deccan,  or 
great  table-land  of  South  India.  The  Eastern  Ghauts 
stretch  N.E.  for  about  500  miles,  broken  through  by  the 
Cavery  and  Pennar,  to  the  Kistnah  River.  Greatest  height, 
about  3000  feet.  Summits  usually  rocky  and  bare.  The 
Western  Ghauts  extend  through  13°  of  latitude,  from  Cape 
Comorin  to  the  banks  of  the  Taptee,  with  a  short  but  re- 
markable break,  the  Paulghautcherry  Pass,  S.  of  the  Neil- 
gherries.  Average  distance  from  the  sea,  30  to  40  miles ; 
average  elevation,  between  3000  and  5000  feet.  The  highest 
summit  of  the  Neilgherries  is  9941  feet.  They  are  com- 
monly abrupt  on  the  W.  side,  and  crowned  with  fine  forests 
of  bamboo,  rattan,  poon,  and  teak.  The  term  Ghaut  sig- 
nifies a  pass  through  a  range  of  hills,  but  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  the  mountain-range. 

Ghayn,  gine,  or  Khain,  kine,  a  town  of  East  Persia, 
230  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yezd,  with  a  fortress,  and  manufactures 
of  felt  and  carpets. 

Ghazeeabad,  gi^zee-i-bid',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
North-West  Provinces.     Pop.  6477, 

Ghazeepoor,  or  Gazipur,  g&-zee-poor',  a  district  of 
the  North-West  Provinces,  British  India,  in  the  Benares 
division.  It  lies  wedge-shaped  between  the  Ganges  on  the 
6.  and  the  Goggra  on  the  N.E.,  and  is  chiefly  enclosed  by 
Sarun,  Shahabad,  Benares,  Jounpoor,  and  Azimghur.  Area, 
2168  square  miles.     Capital,  Ghazeepoor.    Pop.  1,345,570. 

Ghazeepoor,  or  Gazipur,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  above,  on  the  Ganges,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Benares.  Among 
its  finest  buildings  is  a  dilapidated  Saracenic  palace,  and 
near  the  town  are  large  military  cantonments.    Pop.  38,385. 

Ghazni,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.     See  Ghuznee. 

Ghebraba,  ga-br&'b&,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Aje- 
mee,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Ghebse,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Gebseh. 

Ghedi,  gi'dee,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Brescia.     Pop.  3368. 

Ghedman,  gSd-m&n',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  18  miles 
S.  of  Herat. 

Gheel,  or  Geel,  gail,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Antwerp.  It  is  celebrated  as  a  place  of 
treatment  for  the  insane,  who  are  here  boarded  in  families, 
under  public  supervision.     Pop.  of  commune,  11,260. 

Gheesan,  or  Ghisan,  ghee^sin',  a  seaport  town  of 
Arabia,  on  the  Red  Sea,  84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Loheia.  Lat. 
16°  45'  N.;  Ion.  42°  3'  E. 

Gheezeh,  Ghizeh,  Gizeh,  Geezeh,  ghee'z^h,  or 
Jizeh,  jee'z^h,  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  a  province  of 
the  same  name,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Cairo,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  great  Pyramids.     P.  10,500. 

Gheirah,  gi'vi,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ismeed,  near  the  Sakareeyah  River  (anc.  Sanga- 
riu$).     It  is  said  to  have  400  houses. 


Ghelenjeek,  or  Ghelendjik,  gi-15n-jeek',  written 
also  Ghelenchik  and  Gelendschik,  a  bay  and  seaport 
of  Russia,  in  Chernomorsk,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  Black 
Sea.     Lat.  (of  fort)  44°  33'  24"  N.;  Ion.  38°  3'  15"  E, 

Gheluwe,  Hi-lii'^fh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ypres,     Pop,  1460. 

Ghemiek,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ghto, 

Ghemme,  ghJm'mi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14 
miles  N,W.  of  Novara,     Pop.  3311. 

Ghenneh,  or  Gheneh,  atown  of  Egypt.    See  Keneh. 

Ghent,  ghfint  (Fr.  Gand,  gby,  Flem.  Gend,  nSnt;  Sp. 
Gante,  g&n'ti;  Ger.  Gent,  ghint;  L.  Gande  and  Ga7idavum), 
a  fortified  city  of  Belgium,  capital  of  Ea«t  Flanders,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Lys  with  the  Scheldt,  and  on  the  Terneuien 
Canal,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  31  miles  N.W. 
of  Brussels.  It  occupies  a  triangular  space  above  8  miles 
in  circuit,  is  surrounded  by  fine  boulevards,  and  defended 
by  a  strong  citadel.  In  the  interior  a  great  number  of 
canals  branch  oflf  from  the  Lys  in  all  directions,  and,  form- 
ing a  kind  of  net-work  within  the  town,  divide  it  into 
26  islands,  connected  by  42  large  and  46  small  bridges. 
The  town  is,  on  the  whole,  well  built.  In  some  of  the  older 
parts  the  streets  are  dark,  and  so  narrow  that  two  carriages 
can  scarcely  pass.  Here  many  of  the  houses  have  gable 
fronts,  which  present  a  fantastic  appearance.  In  the  other 
quarters  the  streets  are  in  general  straight  and  spacious, 
with  rows  of  handsome  houses.  There  are  a  great  number 
of  squares.  Among  the  most  deserving  of  notice  are  the 
March6-du-Vendredi  ("  Friday  Market"),  where  the  weekly 
market  is  held,  and  where  in  early  times  the  Counts  of 
Flanders  were  inaugurated ;  the  Cauter,  or  Parade,  planted 
with  lime-trees  and  surrounded  by  elegant  edifices;  the 
corn-market,  near  the  centre  of  the  town;  and  the  Plaine- 
des-RecoUets,  remarkable  for  the  number  of  its  fine  mansions. 

The  principal  buildings  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  Bavon,  a 
vast  structure,  heavy  in  its  exterior,  but  within  finely  pro- 
portioned and  richly  decorated,  possessed  of  many  interesting 
monuments  and  fine  paintings ;  the  church  of  St.  Nicolas, 
the  oldest  in  Ghent;  the  church  of  St.  Michael,  with  a  cel- 
ebrated crucifixion  by  Vandyke;  the  church  of  St.  Pierre, 
with  a  beautiful  dome,  and  a  facade  adorned  with  Corinthian 
columns;  the  II6tel-de-Yille;  the  custom-house,  decorated 
with  Doric  and  Corinthian  pilasters ;  the  Befl'roi  (belfry),  a 
lofty  square  tower,  containing  a  fine  chime,  a  clock,  and 
several  bells,  one  of  which  weighs  nearly  five  tons;  the 
Palais-de-Justice,  a  handsome  structure,  intended  both  to 
accommodate  the  courts  of  law  and  serve  as  an  exchange; 
the  Maison-de-Force  (house  of  correction),  an  immense 
octagonal  building ;  the  B6guinage,  a  kind  of  nunnery,  sur- 
rounded by  a  wall  and  moat,  and  occupied  by  about  600  in- 
mates; and  the  theatre.  The  principal  literary  and  scien- 
tific and  other  institutions  are  the  university,  a  handsome 
structure,  adorned  with  a  noble  Corinthian  portico,  modelled 
on  the  Pantheon  at  Rome,  and  having  a  museum  of  natural 
history  and  schools  of  civil  engineering  and  of  industrial 
arts ;  an  athenaeum,  episcopal  seminary,  academy  of  paint- 
ing, sculpture,  and  architecture,  a  superior  primary  school, 
scientific,  literary,  and  musical  societies,  a  deaf  and  dumb 
institution,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  normal  school,  the  Jardin 
des  Plantes  (botanic  garden),  the  finest  in  Belgium,  and  the 
general  hospital.     Ghent  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

The  extent  to  which  the  cotton  manufacture  is  carried  on 
in  Ghent  has  procured  it  the  surname  of  the  Belgian  Man- 
chester. The  other  manufactures  of  importance  are  refined 
sugar,  common  and  table  linen,  woollen  cloth,  flannel,  serge, 
silk,  lace,  thread,  ribbons,  hosiery,  wax-cloth,  chemical 
products,  arms,  rape  oil,  mathematical  and  surgical  instru- 
ments, articles  in  steel,  bronze,  and  crystal,  carriages,  paper, 
hats,  delft-ware,  tobacco,  starch,  Ac.  There  are  also  exten- 
sive machine-works,  roperies,  tanneries,  breweries,  ajid  dis- 
tilleries. The  trade  in  corn,  oil,  seeds,  wine,  and  linen— 
particularly  the  last,  which  has  here  one  of  its  chief  en- 
trep6t<? — is  very  important. 

The  origin  of  Ghent  is  uncertain.  It  is  first  mentioned 
as  a  town  in  the  seventh  century,  but  does  not  appear  to 
have  acquired  much  importance  till  the  twelfth  century. 
By  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century  it  was  nearly  as  large 
as  at  present,  and  much  larger  than  Paris  then  was.  In 
the  bloody  feuds  which  agitated  Flanders  up  to  the  middle 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  Ghent  took  a  leading  part,  and 
repeatedly  by  the  turbulence  of  its  citizens  provoked  a  fear- 
ful retribution.  In  1369,  when  the  county  of  Flanders 
passed  by  marriage  to  the  bouse  of  Burgundy,  Ghent  foU 
lowed  its  fortunes,  but  shortly  afterwards  revolted.  The 
spirit  of  revolt,  however,  was  subdued,  and  Charles  the  Bold 
was  peacefully  cr>wned  at  Ghent  in  1467.  In  1500,  CharlM 
V.  was  born  at  Ghent,  and  eighteen  years  after  succeeded 


GHE 


1265 


GIA 


1  the  most  extensive  monarchy  which  had  existed  in  Europe 
>m  the  days  of  Charlemagne.  The  Gantois  appear  to 
,ve  drendod  a  collision  with  such  a  power,  but  at  last,  in 
67,  broke  out  in  open  resistance.  Severe  punishment 
)n  followed,  and  the  citizens,  in  addition  to  other  enormous 

ies,  were  obliged  to  pay  for  the  erection  of  a  citadel  in- 

nded  to  keep  them  in  bondage,     Ghent  afterwards  suffered 

iich  during  the  aggressions  of  Louis  XIV.,  the  campaigns 

:  Marlborough,  and  the  commotions  of  the  French  revolu- 
m ;  but  by  the  advantages  of  its  position,  and  the  in- 
istry  of  its  citizens,  it  overcame  these  calamities.     Pop. 

1890,  153,740. Inhab.  Gantois,  gfiiJoHwi'. 

Ghent,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio, 
posite  Vevay,  and  20  miles  above  Madison,  Ind.  It  is 
out  45  miles  by  land  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches, 
t>ank,  a  public  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  525. 
Ghent,  a  post-village  in  Ghent  township,  Columbia  co., 
,y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  and  on  the 
udson  &  Chatham  Branch  of  the  Boston  <fe  Albany  Rail- 
id,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson,  and  126  miles  N.  of  New 
»rk.  It  has  2  churches,  scale-works,  and  a  telegraph- 
lool.  The  township  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures 
Hour  and  straw  paper.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2903. 
Cihent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  in  Bath  town- 
i]),  9  miles  N.W.  of  Akron.  It  h.as  3  churches  near  it; 
i(  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 
(rhent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Sheshe- 
ia  township,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ulster  Station.     It  has  a 

|u  rch  and  a  carriage-shop. 

|(}heorghievsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Georoievsk. 

iGherba,  an  island  in  the  Tunis  dominions.  See  Jerba. 

jlihergong,  ghfin^gong',  a  town  of  Assam,  on  an  afflu- 
t  of  the  Brahmapootra.     Lat.  26°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  46'  E. 

jCrheriah,  ghfir'ee^i,  a  fortress  of  British   India,  presi- 

[Djy  of  Bombay,  on  a  promontory  in  the  Indian  Ocran, 

|2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay. 

( rherzeh,  ghSr'zfih,  or  Ker'zeh  (anc.(7ar«'«a),  a  town 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Black  Sea,  in  Anatolia,  20  miles 
5  E.  of  Sinoj)e. 

Crhesan,  a  town  of  Arabia.  See  Gheesan. 
Cihiamda,  ghee^S,m'd&,  a  town  of  Thibet,  110  miles  E. 
ST.  of  Lassa.  It  contains  2  colossal  Booddhist  temples. 
Cihian,  West  Virginia.  See  Guyandotte. 
('hieuzel-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.  See  Aidin. 
d'hilan,  or  Gilan,  ghee^&n',  a  province  of  Persia,  bo- 
frjn  lat.  36°  30'  and  38°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  48°  30'  and  50° 
'  E,,  having  on  the  N.E.  the  Caspian  Sea.  Area,  proba- 
?  3000  square  miles.  The  Elbrooz  Mountains  bound  it  on 
B  3.  It  is  very  fertile,  densely  wooded,  swampy,  and  un- 
althy.    Capital,  Reshd. 

iGhilan,  a  village  of  Persian  Koordistan,  30  miles  S.  of 

thib,  with  some  remarkable  antiquities. 
G-hilarza,  ghe-land'zi,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division 
(lagliari,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  2529. 
Ghilomore,  a  lagoon  in  Russia.     See  Sivash. 
Ghio,  ghee'o,   Ghemlek,   ghdmMdk',  or  Kemlic, 
mMik',  a  small  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bay 
Moodania,  16  miles  N.  of  Brusa.     It  has  a  large  export 
ide  in  olives,  silk,  wines,  and  spirits  to  Constantinople, 
It  is  the  principal  port  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora  for  the 
iport  of  corn  from  the  Black  Sea. 

Ghirza,  gbSgr'zi,  a  valley  of  Northern  Africa,  150  miles 
E.  of  Tripoli,  with  remains  of  Roman  antiquities. 
Ghisalba,  ghe-s3,l'b3,,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Bergamo, 
miles  from  Martinengo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1527. 
Ghisan,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Gheesan. 
Ghisoni,  ghe-so'nee,  a  village  of  Corsica,  in  the  E.  part 
tlie  island.     Pop.  889. 

Ghistelles,  gheesHfill',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  AVest 
anders,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3023. 
Ghis'wah,  or  Ghis'ooah,  a  town  of  India,  district 
id  17  miles  W.  of  Jounpoor.     Pop.  7775. 
Ghiustendil,  ghyoosHSn-deel',  or  Kostendil,  kos- 
Q-deel'  (anc. /w«(tnia'na  Secun'da  f),  a  town  of  Bulgaria, 
ar  the  Kara-Soo,  or  Strymon,  65  miles  E.N.E.  ot  Uskup 
shub).     It  is  a  Greek  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  8000.     It 
■8  sulphur  baths,  and  near  it  are  iron-  and  silver-mines. 
Ghiuzel-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Aidin. 
Ghizeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Gheezeh. 
Ghiznee,  or  Ghizni,  Afghanistan.    See  Ghuznee. 
Ghlin,  olin  or  gliN^,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
~"  -  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  3700, 


mile 


jGhoa,  go^fl,',  or  Gwa,  gw&,  a  seaport  town  of  Aracan, 
"7  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ghoa,  62 
/nles  S.E.  of  Sandoway.    It  has  a  good  anchorage  for  small 
pssels,  near  which  is  a  small  island  of  the  same  name. 
Gholab  Singh  Dominions.     See  Cashmere. 


Gholam,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Khooloou. 

Gholam-Shah-Ka-Kote,  goMim'-shih-ki-kOt,  m 
town  of  Sinde,  in  British  India,  on  the  W.  branch  of  the 
Indus,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Tatta. 

Gholson,  Mississippi.     See  Summerville. 

Ghol'son^  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Tex. 

Ghol'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  oo.,  Ya., 
75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Ghoor,  mountains  of  Asia.     See  H^ndoo-Koosh. 

Ghoos,  or  Ghous,  goos  (anc.  Apollinop' oli»  Par'va), 
a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  17  miles  S.  cf  Keneh. 

Ghoozkan,  gooz^k&n  ,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Khoras- 
san,  14  miles  E.  of  Meshed.     Pop.  1000. 

Ghoraghaut,  a  town  of  India.     See  Gobaghat. 

Gho'ra  Trup,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Indus, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Attock.     Lat.  33°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  9'  E. 

Ghorbund,  gor^bund',  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  in  lat, 
35°  4'  N.,  Ion.  68°  47'  E.,  whence  a  pass  proceeds  across  the 
Hindoo-Koosh  into  Khoondooz. 

Ghore,  gor,  or  Gaur,  g5wr,  a  town  aad  independent 
district  of  West  Afghanistan,  120  miles  S.E.  of  Herat,  and 
the  original  possession  of  the  famous  Mahmoud  of  Ghore 
who  established  an  Afghan  dynasty  in  India  in  1186. 

Ghous,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Ghoos. 

Ghousghur,  goos'gur',  a  town  of  British  India,  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Seharunpoor. 

Ghoy,  goy,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  15  milea 
S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2140. 

Ghumonrdjini,  or  Ghumurdjina.  See  Gumoob- 
jeena, 

Ghumsara,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Goomstir, 

Ghun^poor',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam't 
Dominions,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

GhuT^mooktes'ur,  Gur^muktes'ar,  orGurmuk- 
teswar,  gfir^mook-tes'w&r,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
31  miles  S.E.  of  Meerut,  on  the  Ganges.     Pop.  8761. 

Ghurry,  giir'ree,  a  village  of  Sinde,  near  an  offset  of 
the  Indus,  in  lat.  27°  31'  N.,  Ion.  69°  7'  E. 

Ghurun,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Gurun. 

Ghuzel-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Aidin- 

Ghuznee,  Ghnzni,  giiz'nee\  Gazna,  giz'ni  or  gfiz'- 
ni,  or  Ghizni,  ghiz'nee\  a  city  of  Afghanistan,  80  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  33°  34'  N.-  Ion.  68°  18'  E.  Pop. 
(excluding  garrison)  variously  estimated  at  from  3000  to 
10,000.  It  stands  on  a  scarped  rock,  280  feet  above  the 
adjacent  plain,  on  its  W.  side ;  and  its  walls,  about  35  feet 
in  height,  and  flanked  with  numerous  towers,  form  an  ir- 
regular square  about  li  miles  in  circumference,  the  whole 
being  enclosed  by  fortifications.  In  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
town  is  the  citadel,  with  a  palace,  magazine,  and  granary : 
the  whole  city  is,  however,  commanded  by  adjacent  heights. 
It  has  several  bazaars,  and  is  an  entrei)6t  for  the  trade  be- 
tween Afghanistan  and  the  Punjab.  Old  Ghuznee,  destroyed 
in  the  twelfth  century,  is  about  3  miles  N.E. ;  its  ruins  cover 
an  extensive  space.  Under  the  Ghuznevide  dynasty  this 
town  was  the  capital  of  an  empire  reaching  from  the  Gauge* 
to  the  Tigris  and  from  the  Jaxartes  to  the  Indian  Ocean 
It  was  stormed  and  taken  by  the  British  in  1839 ;  in  1842  the 
garrison  surrendered  it  to  the  Afghans,  but  it  was  retaken  in 
the  same  year  by  the  troops  under  General  Nott. 

Ghuznee  River,  of  Afghanistan,  rises  about  12  miles 
N.  of  Ghuznee,  and  enters  Lake  Abistada,  after  a  S.  courso 
estimated  at  80  miles. 

Ghyrche,  Ghyrce,  ghjr'chSh,  or  Kircheh,  kir'chAh 
(anc.  Tut'zig),  a  large  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile.  Lat.  23°  16'  N.;  Ion.  33°  E.  It  has  one  of  thi- 
most  remarkable  temples  in  Nubia. 

Ghysabad,  ghi-s3,-bid',  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Bundelcund,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Huttah. 

Giabar,  ghe-i-bar',  or  Jiabar,  je-i-bar',  a  town  and 
castle  of  Turkey,on  the  Euphrates,  23  milesW.S.W.of  Rakka. 

Giaconio  di  Lusiana,  j&'ko-mo  dee  loo-se-&'n&,  a 
village  of  Italy,  17  miles  N.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3190. 

Gia-Dinh,  a  province  of  Cochin  China  (which  see). 

Giaglione,  jil-yo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  Smiles  W.  of 
Susa,  on  the  Dora.     Pop.  1737. 

Gianjar,  Gyanyar,  or  Gyanjar,  je-in-yar',  a  small 
district  or  native  state  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Bali.  Its  capital,  Gianjar,  lies  about 
8  miles  inland,  and  is  the  residence  of  the  Rajah. 

Giannuti,  j&n-noo'tee,  or  Gianuutri,  j&n-noo'tree 
(anc.  Dianium),  a  small  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  be- 
longing to  Italy,  9  miles  S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Argentaro. 

Giant  of  the  Valley,  a  mountain  of  the  Adirondack 
group,  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.     Its  altitude  is  4530  feet. 

Gi'ant's  Cause'way,  a  basaltic  formation  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  to  the  W.  of  Bengore  Head. 


(IIA 


1266 


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I 


about  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bushmills.  The  coast  here  is  for 
a  great  distance  distinguished  by  basaltic  cliffs  and  cayes, 
but  the  "causeway,"  properly  so  called,  is  a  platform  pro- 
jecting into  the  sea  from  the  base  of  a  stratified  cliff  about 
400  feet  in  height,  and  resembles  a  pier  700  feet  in  length, 
350  feet  in  breadth,  and  varying  to  30  feet  in  height  above 
the  strand.  It  is  separated  by  whinstone  dikes  into  three 
divisions,  comprising  together  about  40,000  perfectly  formed, 
closely  united,  and*  very  dark-colored  polygonal  columns, 
each  consisting  of  several  pieces.  Their  depth  below  the 
surface  is  unascertained.  Popular  legend  ascribes  this  stu- 
pendous formation  to  the  labor  of  giants  seeking  to  con- 
struct a  road  across  the  sea  to  Scotland. 

Gi'ardy  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Giard 
township  (which  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad),  6  miles  W.  of  McGregor.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1261. 

Giarratana,  jaR-R&-t&'n&  (anc.  Ceratanum  f),  a  village 
of  Sicily,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Modica.     Pop.  2634. 

Giarre^  jaR'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  at  the  E.  slope  of 
Mount  Etna,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aci  Reale.     Pop.  17,414. 

Giarretta^  jaR-ndt'ti,  or  Simeto,  se-m&'to  (anc.  Sy- 
mm'thut),  a  river  of  Sicily,  rises  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Caronia,  flows  S.E.  50  miles,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  6 
miles  S.  of  Catania.  Affluents,  the  Adriano,  Traohino,  and 
Dittaino. 

Giat,  zhe-&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pay^de-DAme^  31 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  1843. 

Giava^  the  Italian  name  of  Java. 

Giave,  j&'v&,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  1823. 

Giaveno,  j&-v^'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  9633. 

Gibail,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Jebail. 

Gibara,  or  Jibara«  Be-b&'r&,  a  seaport  village  of  Cuba, 
on  its  N.  coast,  100  miles  E.  of  Puerto  Principe. 

Gibbon,  ghib'b9n,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Ne- 
braska, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  183  miles  W.  by 
8.  of  Omaha,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Kearney  Junction.  It  has 
3  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  2  newspaper  oflSoes,  a 
roller-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop,  646. 

Gib'bon's  Glade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 
12  miles  S.  of  Falls  City. 

Gib'bonsville,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lemhi 
CO.,  Idaho,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Salmon  River,  40  miles 
N.  of  Salmon  City.     It  has  gold-mines  and  a  stamp-mill. 

Gibbsboro,  ghibz'bfir-ruh,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  in  Waterford  township,  2  miles  E.  of  Kirkwood  Sta- 
tion, and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  white  lead,  Prussian  blue,  chrome  yellow,  and 
other  pigments. 

Gibb's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Cumberland  CO.,  N.C. 

Gibb's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maoon  co., 
Tenn.,  35  miles  £.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Gibbstown,  ghibz'tdwn,  a  village  and  itation  of 
Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Woodbury. 

Gibbsville,  ghibs'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan 
<*o..  Wis.,  on  Onion  River,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sheboygan. 

Gibeah,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Jeba. 

Gibellina,je-b£l-lee'n&,  a  village  of  Sicily,  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  5827. 

Gibello,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Zibello. 

Gibeon,  ghib'e-9n,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 

Gib'esonville,  a  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  in 
Laurel  township,  about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pumps  and  wagons. 

Giboldehausen.    See  Gieboldehadsen. 

Gibraleon,  He-br&-l&-on',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
<ind  8  miles  N.  of  Huelva,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Odiel. 
Pop.  4238.    It  has  an  ancient  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Bejar. 

Gibraltar,  je-brawl't^r  (Sp.  pron.  He-bril-taR' ;  It. 
Gihilterra,  jee-bil-t£R'R&  ;  anc.  Cal'pe  ;  Arab.  Jehel-Tarik, 
j4b'el-ti-reek' — the  "  Hill  of  Tarik,"  a  Berber  leader,  who 
conquered  the  fort  in  711),  a  town  and  strongly  fortified 
rock  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  belonging 
to  Great  Britain.  Lat.  36°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  21'  W.  This  re- 
markable fortress,  which  forms  the  key  to  the  Mediterranean, 
is  connected  with  the  continent  by  a  low  sandy  isthmus,  ij 
miles  long  and  |  mile  broad,  having  the  Bay  of  Gibraltar 
on  the  W.,  and  the  open  sea  of  the  Mediterranean  on  the 
E.  Near  the  point  of  junction  of  this  isthmus  with  the 
mainland  are  the  Spanish  lines,  between  which  and  the  rock 
is  a  space  called  the  "  Neutral  Ground."  The  highest  point  of 
the  rock  is  about  1400  feet  above  sea-level ;  its  N.  face  is 
almost  perpendicular,  while  its  E.  side  is  full  of  tremendous 


precipices.  It  terminates  at  its  S.  extremity  in  what  ii 
termed  Europa  Point.  On  the  W.  side  it  is  less  steep  than 
on  the  E.,  and  between  its  base  and  the  sea  is  a  narrow 
span  almost  level,  on  which  the  town  is  built.  Here  the 
rock  is  secured  by  extensive  and  powerful  batteries,  ren- 
dering it  apparently  impregnable.  When  seen  from  a 
ship's  deck,  no  appearance  of  vegetation  presents  itself  on 
the  rock,  the  whole  having  a  barren  and  forbidding  aspect; 
but  it  is  not  in  reality  so  destitute  in  this  respect  as  it  Eeems ; 
acacia,  fig,  and  orange  trees  grow  freely,  together  with  a 
great  variety  of  odoriferous  plants. 

Vast  sums  of  money  and  immense  labor  have  been  spent 
in  fortifying  this  stronghold.  Numerous  caverns  and  gal 
leries,  extending  from  2  to  3  miles  in  length,  and  of  suf. 
ficient  width  for  carriages,  have  been  cut  in  the  solid  rock, 
forming  safe  and  sheltered  communications  from  one  part 
of  the  garrison  to  another  in  caaes  of  attack.  Along  these 
galleries,  at  intervals  of  every  12  yards,  are  port-holet 
bearing  upon  the  neutral  ground  and  bay;  while  trees, 
shrubs,  and  flowers  of  various  kinds  have  been  planted  at 
different  points,  both  for  ornament  and  utility.  On  the 
summit  of  the  rock  there  are  barracks,  towers,  and  for- 
tresses. Of  late  years  the  fortifications  have  been  carefully 
strengthened  at  every  vulnerable  point.  The  principal  de- 
fences are  on  the  W.  side,  fronting  the  bay ;  but  tnere  ia 
also  a  battery  on  the  E.,  though  the  steepness  of  the  rook 
renders  it  almost  unnecessary. 

The  town  of  Gibraltar,  situated,  as  already  remarked,  oi 
a  plain  between  the  W.  declivity  of  the  rock  and  the  sea, 
consists  chiefly  of  one  spacious  street,  about  half  a  mile  in 
length,  lined  with  shops,  and  paved  and  lighted.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  governor's  and  lieutenant- 
governor's  houses,  the  admiralty,  naval  hospital,  victualling- 
office,  and  barracks,  and  a  handsome  theatre.  Gibraltar  ia 
the  see  of  an  Anglican  bishop,  and  there  are  Protestant  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  Jewish  synagogues,  regimental 
and  public  schools,  public  libraries,  Ac.  There  are  also  a 
lunatic  asylum,  almshouses,  <fcc.  The  water  for  the  supply 
of  the  town  and  garrison  is  collected  during  the  rainy 
season,  the  roofs  of  the  houses  being  so  constructed  as  to 
receive  the  falling  rain,  which  subsequently  finds  its  way  to 
a  tank  beneath,  with  which  every  house  is  provided.  Qib- 
raltar  is  a  free  port,  and  an  entrepot  for  the  distribution  of 
British  manufactures  to  the  Barbary  States  and  to  the 
different  countries  bordering  on  the  Mediterranean,  and  it 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  contraband  trade  with  Spain.  No 
executive  or  legislative  council  exists  here,  the  administra- 
tion being  vested  in  the  governor,  who  is  also  commander-  ' 
in-chief  of  the  troops,  and  the  settlement  being  treated  •■  ' 
a  garrison -town,  the  power  of  enacting  laws  being  vested  in  ^ 
the  governor  alone.  All  criminal  cases  are  determined  m 
cording  to  the  laws  of  England. 

Gibraltar,  under  the  name  of  Calpe,  and  Mount  Abyla,    ' 
now  called  Apes'  Hill,  opposite  to  it  on  the  African  coast, 
were  called  by  the  ancients  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  and  in 
very  early  ages  were  regarded  by  the  people  dwelling  E.  of 
them  as  the  western   boundary  of   the  world.     Gibralt: 
came  into  possession  of  the  English,  by  conquest,  in  17'i 
it  has  been  since  repeatedly  besieged,  but  always  withou. 
success.     Pop.  in  1873  (exclusive  of  garrison),  18,695;  in 
1881,  18,381 ;  in  1891,  19,859.     See  Strait  of  Gibraltab.    ' 

Gibraltar,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  tne 
Detroit  River,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie,  1  mile  from 
Gibraltar  Station  of  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad.  It  ia 
mainly  supported  by  ship-building  and  the  manufacture  of 
lumber.     Gibraltar  Station  is  19  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit 

Gibraltar,  a  station  on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, on  or  near  the  Missouri  River,  and  very  near  the 
state  line  of  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Atchison,  Kansas. 

Gibraltar,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington <fc  Reading  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  public  schools. 

Gibraltar,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.     Pop.  702. 

Gibson,  ghib's9n,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ii: 
diana,  bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  490  squsr 
miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  W.  by  the  White  and  Waba»b 
Rivers,  and  is  intersected  by  the  fatoka  River.     The  sur- 
face is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.    Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     This  county  \M  * 
beds  of  bituminous  coal.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Evansville 
A  Terre  Haute  and  Louisville,  Evansville  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
roads.    Capital,  Princeton.     Pop.  in  1870, 17,371;  in  1880, 
22,742;  in  1890,  24,920.  . 

Gibson,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  (?' 
about  615  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  Rutherforda 
Fork  of  Obion  River,  and  by  the  North  and  Middle  Forka 


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ff  Forked  Deer  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
pvel,  and  about  three-fourths  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
jf  black  walnut,  cypress,  gum,  hickory,  oak,  and  tulip- 
pree.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
Tass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio,  the  Illinois 
Central,  and  the  Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  first  named 
passing  through  Trenton  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,666  ; 
n  1880,  32,685;  in  1890,  35,869. 

I  Gibson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Glascock  co.,  Ga.,  on 
looky  Comfort  Creek,  about  50  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of 
Vugusta.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
ligh  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  197. 

Gibson,  or  Gibson  City,  a  post-village  of  Ford  oo., 
til.,  in  Drummer  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Rail- 
lOad  where  it  crosses  the  Gilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield 
[lailroad,  and  on  the  Bloomington  division  of  the  Wabash 
jlailroad,  22  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Fairbury,  34  miles  £.  of 
Sloomington,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Paxton.  It  has  9 
|hurohes,  2  banks,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  iron- 
rorks,  a  tile-factory,  and  a  canning-works.  Pop.  in  1890, 
'803. 

;  Gibson,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.  See  Prather. 
I  Gibson,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  P.  1525. 
I  Gibson,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 
I  Gibson,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
It.  bank  of  the  Chemung  River,  near  the  Erie  Railroad,  1 
jiile  below  Corning.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  manu- 
octures  of  lime.     Pop.  372. 

,  Gibson,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  1100. 
I  Gibson,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 
I  Gibson,  a  township  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1236. 
jt  contains  Driftwood. 

I  Gibson,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in  Gib- 
on  township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
hurches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  200 ;  of 
iho  township,  1368. 

,  Gibson,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
jjouisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.E.  of  Hum- 
oldt.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 
j  Gibson,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1809. 
'  Gibsonburg,  ghib'spn-burg,  a  post- village  of  Sandusky 
p.,  0.,  in  Madison  township,  on  the  Mansfield,  Tiffin  & 
toledo  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo,  and  13  miles 
V.  of  Fremont.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
aanufactures  of  lime,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  585. 

Gibsonburg,  a  borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  is  in 
he  Lackawanna  Valley,  near  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Rail- 
oad,  about  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  mainly 
upported  by  operations  in  anthracite  coal.  Pop.  1156. 
I  Gibson  City,  Illinois.  See  Gibson. 
;  Gibson's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  cotton-shipping 
^oint  in  Concordia  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  18 
fliles  above  Natchez. 

'  Gibson's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  ferry  of  De 
laXb  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland,  7 
ailes  E.  of  Smithville. 

I  Gibson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 
I  Gibson's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on 
he  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago. 
!.t  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  baskets  and  cigars. 
I  Gibson's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Creek  Nation,  In- 
lian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad, 
f  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Gibson,  and  55  miles  S.  of  Vinita. 
I  Gibson's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
fH  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Cam- 
fridge.     It  has  a  church,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Gibson's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  4 
Idles  E.  of  Cumberland  Gap. 

Gibsonville,  ghib's9n-vn,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Gibsonvilie,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about 
>0  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Pilot  Peak, 
iold  is  found  here. 
j  Gibsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y., 

EIn  Leicester  township,  on  the  Genesee  River,  10  or  11  miles 
of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 
Gibsonville,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C,  on 
e  North  Carolina  Railroad,  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
ft  has  2  churches. 

'gibsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  28  miles 
!T.E.  of  Chillicothe.     Pop.  67. 
I  Gibsonville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 
I  ^*C2in,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Gitschin. 
•J  Gid'densville,  a  hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C,  6  miles 
,rom  Faison's  Depot. 

rGid'dings,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee  co.,  Tex.,  on 
( Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 


road, 58  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  35  miles  W.  of  Brenham. 
It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  a  free  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  soda-water  factory,  brick-works,  and  a  manufactory  of 
dentists'  supplies.     Pop.  in  1890,  1203. 

Giddy  Swamp,  a  township  of  Lexington  eo.,  S.C 

Gide^,  or  Gide&-Elf,  yid'e-5-41f,  a  river  of  Sweden, 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  60  miles  N.E.  of  Hemosand, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  miles.  Near  its  mouth  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Gide&. 

Gid'haur,  or  Gid'hore,  a  ruined  and  deserted  town 
of  India,  district  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monghir. 

Gieboldehausen,  or  Giboldehausen,  ghee'bol- 
d9h-h5w'z§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Gottingen.     Pop.  2142. 

Gien,  zhe-4N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loire, 
37  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.  It  has  a  fine  ancient 
castle  and  a  spacious  quay.     Pop.  6493. 

Giengen,  gheeng'§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Ellwangen,  on  the  Brenz.     Pop.  2836. 

Giersdorf,  ghee'^rs-doaf*,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  government  and  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1420. 

Giesim,  ghee^sira',  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  Rahad,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nile,  123  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sennaar. 

Giesmannsdorf,  ghees'minns-doRf'  (Ober,  o'b^r, 
MiTTEL,  init'tel,  and  Nieder,  nee'der),  three  contiguous 
villages  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  2230. 

Giesmannsdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Silesia,  circle  of  Sprottau.     Pop.  1220. 

Giessen,  ghees's^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Hesse,  capital  of  Ober-Hessen,  on  the  Lahn,  at  the  junction 
of  several  railways,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  waj 
formerly  fortified,  and  is  irregularly  built,  but  it  has  some 
good  edifices,  including  the  castle,  now  the  seat  of  the  pro- 
vincial government,  the  arsenal,  town  hall,  and  observatory. 
Its  university,  founded  in  1607,  is  famous  for  its  school  of 
jhemistry,  and  has  a  library  of  150,000  volumes  and  some 
manuscripts,  collections  in  natural  history,  &o.  Giessen 
has  also  a  normal  school,  a  school  of  forest  economy,  and 
other  institutions  of  learning,  on  which  its  prosperity 
mainly  depends.     Pop.  13,858. 

Gieterveen,  GheeH§r-vain',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Assen. 

Giethoorn,  ghee'toRn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  16  miles  N.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  1734. 

Gifibrd,  ghif'fprd,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  4  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Haddington.  Pop.  455.  Knox,  the  Reformer, 
was  born  here  in  1505. 

Gifibrd,  ghif'fprd,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hot 
Spring  CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  railroad  from  Little  Rock  to  Tex- 
arkana,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Gifi'ord,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  about  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Rantoul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  grain-elevators.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gifibrd,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.  of  Eldora.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Gifibrd,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from 
Tuckerton. 

Gifibrd's,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Edgewater. 

Gifhorn,  ghifhoRn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Ise,  at  its  junction  with  the  Aller,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hanover.     Pop.  2806. 

Gigautinu,  je-g&n-te-noo',  a  mountain  in  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  a  little  S.E.  of  Tempio,  4101  feet  high.  It  rises 
almost  perpendicularly  from  the  surrounding  plain. 

Gigelli,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Jijeli. 

Gig'gleswick,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Ribble,  1  mile  W.N.W.  of  Settle.  It  has  a 
celebrated  grammar-school.  Giggleswick  Tarn  is  a  consid- 
erable lake  near  the  village. 

Gigha,  ghee'gi,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  3i 
miles  from  Kintyre.     Pop.  386. 

Gigighinsk,  or  Gigiginsk,  Siberia.    See  Jijiginsk. 

Giglio,  jeel'yo,  or  Isola  di  Giglio,  ee'so-li  dee 
jeel'yo  (anc.  JgiWium),  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Italy,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Argentaro. 
Pop.  1930,  mostly  collected  in  the  village  of  Giglio. 

Gignac,  zheen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Loddve,  on  the  H^rault.     Pop.  2653. 

Gignod,  jeen-yod'  (L.  Gino'dium),  a  town  of  Italy,  i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  1417, 

Gignela,  He-gi'l4,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Qua* 
diana  25  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  ReaL     Length,  90  milei 

Gihawla,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Iglav 


GIH 


1268 


GIL 


Gihon,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Amoo-Dakya. 

Gijighiusk,  or  Gijiginsk.    See  Jijiginsk. 

G\jou,  Jijon,  or  X^jon,  ne-hon',  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oviedo,  on 
the  Bay  of  Biscay.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways.  It 
is  handsome,  and  has  a  triumphal  arch,  a  collegiate  church, 
a  high  school,  a  school  of  navigation,  and  a  public  library, 
with  manufactures  of  stoneware,  hats,  and  linen  fabrics, 
an  active  export  trade  in  filberts  and  fruits,  and  an  import 
trade  in  colonial  produce.     Pop.  6522. 

Gila  (hee'li)  Bend,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Gila  River,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenix. 

Gilad)  gheeHid',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Temesvar, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Temes.     Pop.  3891. 

Gilan,  a  province  and  village  of  Persia.     See  Qhilan. 

Gila  (hee'li)  River  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  New  Mex- 
ico, and,  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles,  passes  into  Ari- 
zona. It  runs  generally  westward  through  an  arid  and 
sterile  region,  diversified  by  mountains  and  table-lands,  and 
enters  the  Colorado  River  in  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  at  the 
6.E.  extremity  of  California.  Its  length  is  estimated  at 
650  miles.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this  river  in 
Arizona,  and  the  ruins  of  numerous  towns  occur  on  its  banks. 
Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Rio  Verde,  Rio  Santa  Cruz,  and 
Rio  San  Pedro. 

Gilbert,  ghil'b^rt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  3  miles  above  Davenport.  It  has 
manufactures  of  brooms  and  wine. 

Gilbert,  Story  co.,  Iowa.    See  Gilbert's  Station. 

Gilbert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum 
Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Zanesville. 

Gilbert,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  oh  the  line 
between  Chestnut  Hill  and  Polk  townships,  15  miles  E.N.E. 
»f  Lehighton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  saw-mills. 

Gilbert,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gilbert  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  15  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  200, 

Gilbert  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
It  is  in  a  pine  forest.   Pop.  of  Gilbert  Hollow  township,  872. 

Gilbert  Islands,  or  Kings'mill  Group,  a  group 
of  15  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  1°  S.  and  2° 
30'  N.  and  Ion.  172°  and  174°  30'  E.  They  are  of  coral 
formation,  all  low,  the  soil,  which  is  but  a  few  inches  in 
depth,  being  of  coral  sand  and  vegetable  mould.  Their 
cultivation  consists  for  the  most  part  in  that  of  the  cocoa- 
nut,  taro,  and  pandanus,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of 
food.  The  bread-fruit  tree  is  to  be  found  on  the  N.  islands. 
Pop.  of  the  group  estimated  at  35,000,  mostly  Protestant 
Christians.  This  group  is  the  southernmost  in  the  Mulgrave 
Archipelago,  and  the  southeasternmost  in  Micronesia. 

Gilberton,  ghil'b^r-tgn,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Mahanoy  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Read- 
ing Railroad,  in  a  valley  between  Broad  and  Bear  Ridge 
Mountains,  4  miles  from  Mahanoy.  City.  Including  Maha- 
noy Plane,  it  has  6  churches.  About  2500  tons  of  coal  are 
mined  here  daily.      Pop.  in  1880,  3098;  in  1890,  3687. 

Gilbert's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Line),  7i  miles 
N.W.  of  Elgin.  It  has  a  church.  Much  milk  is  shipped 
here.     Pop.  100. 

Gilbert's,  a  station  in  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus 
&  Chicago  division  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bradford  Junction. 

Gilbertsborough,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Gilbert's  Creek  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Richmond  Branch  of  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Gilbert's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Schroeppel  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Pennellville  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  luui- 
Vier,  and  salt. 

Gilbert's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Van  Wert.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill. 

Gilbert's  Peak,  of  the  Uintah  Mountains,  is  near  the 
N.  border  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  in  lat.  40°  50'  N.  Its  alti- 
tude  is  computed  to  be  13,182  feet  above  tide-water.  Its 
top  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Gilbert's  Station  of  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  A  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad  is  4  miles  N.W.  of  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

Gilbert's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Minneapolis 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Ames. 

Gilbertsville,  ghil'b^rts-vil,  a  post-office  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Ky.,  at  Clear  Pond. 


Gilbertsville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  45 
miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  sash-,  blind-,  and  door-factory 
Pop.  about  500. 

Gilbertsville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
about  19  miles  E.  of  Reading. 

Gilbertville,  ghirb?rt-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black 
Hawk  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Waterloo. 

Gilbertville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., in 
Hardwick  township,  on  Ware  River,  and  on  the  Ware  River 
Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  a  manufactory  of  blankets,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Gilbertville,  Quebec.     See  River  Gilbert. 

Gilboa,  ghirbo'a,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind. 

Gil  boa,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gilboa 
township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about  42  miles  S.W.  of  Al- 
bany. It  is  3i  miles  from  Moresville  Station.  It  contains 
3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1718. 

Gilboa,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  in  Blanchard 
township,  on  Blanchard's  Fork,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Find- 
lay,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acade- 
my, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  264. 

Gil'by,  a  post- village  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D.,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Gilchrist,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Benson.     It  has  several  lakes.     Pop.  260. 

Gildersleeve,  ghil'd^r-sleev,  a  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Conn.,  in  Portland,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  2  miles  above  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  noted  ship-yard,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  cigars,  flour,  carriages,  Ac.  Ice-harvesting 
and  tobacco-packing  are  carried  on  here.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Gildone,  jil-do'ni,  a.  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  from  Campobasso.     Pop.  2534. 

Gilead,  ghil'e-ad  (Arab.  Jeh-el-Jilad,  jfib-§l-je-l4d'),  a 
mountain  in  Syria,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Dead  Sea,  lat. 
32°  7'  N.,  Ion.  35°  46'  E.,  and  near  the  extremity  of  the 
region  of  Gilead,  which  extended  for  some  distance  north 
ward  along  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Jordan. 

Gilead,  ghil'e-ad,  a  post-office  of  Tolland  co..  Conn. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  in  Gilead 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  42  miles  above 
Alton.     Pop.  50 ;  of  the  township,  498. 

Gilead,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  about  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Logansport. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  on  the  Androscoggin,  80 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  329. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in  Gilead 
township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bronson,  and  about  50  miles  S.W. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  3  churche* 
and  a  pop.  of  762. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland  township,  Lewi* 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Middle  Fabius  River.     It  has  3  churches. 

Gilead,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.  Pop.  2017.  It 
contains  Gilead  Station  and  Mount  Gilead. 

Gilead,  Wood  co.,  0.    See  Grand  Rapids. 

Gilead  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in 
Gilead  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Gallon,  and  2  miles 
W.  of  Mt.  Gilead.  It  has  about  25  residences,  2  ware- 
houses, and  a  planing-mill. 

Gilena,  Jilena,  or  Xilena,  He-li'ni,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  56  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Se- 
ville.    Pop.  1993. 

Giles,  jilz,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  656  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Elk  River,  and  also  drained  by  Richland  Creek, 
which  enters  that  river  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  moderately  uneven  or  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  cedar,  black  walnut,  locust,  yellow 
poplar,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
cattle,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  in- 
tersected from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  Pulaski,  the  capital  of  the  oonnty. 
Pop.  in  1870,  32,413;  in  1880,  86,014;  in  1890,  34,957. 

Giles,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  »n 
area  of  about  446  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Walke?^  * 
Creek.     The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  is  extensiv 
covered  with  forests.     A  large  part  of  it  is  too  rocky 
steep  for  cultivation.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass  f"^^ 
the  staple  products  of  the  soil.     It  is  intersected  by  tfl 
Norfolk  A  Western  Railroad.     Capital,  Pearisburg.     Pop- 
in  1870,  5875;  in  1880,  8794;  in  1890,  9090. 


OIL 


1269 


GIL 


Giles  Court-House,  Virginia.    See  Pearisburg. 

Giles'  Mills,  a  village  of  Sampson  cc,  N.C.,  about  20 
piles  N.W.  of  Clinton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has  2 
tores. 

]  Gilesville,  jilz'vil,  a  station  in  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on 
ihfl  Buffalo,  Bradford  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  26  miles  S. 
if  Carrollton,  N.Y. 

!  Gilford,  ghil'fgrd,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
he  Bann,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Banbridge.  Pop.  2720.  Gil- 
jord  Castle  is  in  the  vicinity. 

I  Gilford,  ghil'f9rd,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Tus- 
ola  CO.,  Mich.,  10  miles  N.  of  Vassar.     Pop.  512. 

Gilford,  a  township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.  It  eon- 
ains  Gilford  Village,  also  a  part  of  Laconia  and  a  part  of 
■jake  Village.  It  lies  on  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  has 
Important  manufactures.     Pop.  3361. 

Gilford,  or  Gilford  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bel- 
;nap  co.,  N.H.,  in  Gilford  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.B. 
f  Concord,  and  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Laconia.  It  has  2 
hurohes,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  lumber,  machinery, 
iotton  goods,  leather,  &o. 
{  Gilford,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex. 
I  Gilford,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  49  miles 
|y  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

j  Gilgal,  ghil'gal,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  9 
ailes  S.W.  of  Sylvania. 

j  Gilgal,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi 
liver,  about  22  miles  below  Hannibal. 

I  Gilge,  ghil'gheh,  a  river  of  Prussia,  one  of  the  mouths 
If  the  Memel,  falls  into  the  Curische-Haff  34  miles  N.E. 
f  Konigsberg.     Pop.  1635. 

i  Gilgenburg,  ghil'gh^n-bSSRG^  (Polish,  Domhrowno, 
lom-brov'no),  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
t  migsberg.     Pop.  1769. 

I  Gilghit,  or  Gilgit,  ghiPghit',  a  province  of  Western 
il  ibet,  in  part  conquered  by  Cashmere,  of  which  dominion 

iTorms  the  N.W.  angle.  It  is  a  part  of  the  region  called 
i,rdistan,  and  its  people,  of  Indo-European  race,  are  called 
i.rds  or  Kendschut.  They  are  not  highly  civilized,  and 
b  J  nature  of  their  country,  one  of  the  wildest  mountain- 
e;;ions  in  the  world,  is  more  conducive  to  freedom  and 
n  rlike  habits  than  to  material  progress, 
j  Gilhain,  ghil'am,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the 
pc  wardsville  Railroad,  near  Edwardsville  Crossing. 
!  Giling-Auting,  jeeHing'-awHing',  or  GilU-ang', 
bii  Gilion,  je-le-6n',  two  small  islands  in  -the  Malay 
Irchipelago,  off  the  E.  end  of  Madura. 

Gill,  ghil,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  oo.  and  2 
piles  S.E.  of  Sligo.     Length,  4  miles. 

Sill,  ghil,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  lUi- 
lois  line.     Pop.  2135.     It  contains  Mervin. 
I  Grill,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  about  40 
biles  N.  of  Springfield,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by  the 
?oaneeticut  River.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  (1890)  960. 
,  Gillam,  ghil'lam,  a  township,  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     P.  635. 

Gillem,  ghil'lam,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
i|;ton  &  Western  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington,  111. 

Gillem's  (ghil'l^mz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Diek- 
)ti  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis 
lailroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
our-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  an  academy. 

Gillespie,  ghil-les'pee,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part 
f  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is 
rained  by  the  Perdinales  River  (a  branch  of  the  Colorado 
jiiver)  and  Grape  and  Sandy  Creeks,  also  affluents  of  the 
I'oiorado.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  partly  covered  with 
orests.  Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
!apital,  Fredericksburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  3566;  in  1880, 
.228;  in  1890,  7056. 

I  Gillespie,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  the 
ndianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Alton, 
t  has  2  or  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  carriage-factory,  and 

money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

GillespieviUe,  ghil-les'pe-vil,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co., 
'.,  at  Londonderry,  a  hamlet  about  11  miles  E.S.E,  of  Ohil- 
cothe.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  163. 

Gillet,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.     See  Rambe. 

Gillett,  Bradford  co..  Pa.    See  South  Creek. 

Gillett,  jiriet',  a  post-township  of  Oconto  oo.,  Wis., 
ibout  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  It  is 
Irained  by  the  Oconto  River.     Pop.  375. 

Gillette,  jiriet',  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
[assaio  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Railroad, 
^  miles  W.  of  Newark. 

«  Gillett's,  jilMets',  a  station  in  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  on 
le  Galena  &,  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of 
'alena. 


Gillett's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Clay 
CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  220. 

Gill'ford,  a  township  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  888. 

Gill  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Giliiamsville,  ghil-yams-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buck- 
ingham CO.,  Va.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Powhatan  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Gillingham,  ghil'ling-am,  atown  of  England,  in  Kent, 
forming  a  suburb  and  part  of  the  borough  of  Chatham 
Pop.  19,936 ;  of  parish,  20,160. 

Gil'lingham,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa. 

Gil'lis  Bluff,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Mo.     Pop.  203. 

Gillise's  (ghil'lis-^s)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co., 
Tenn.,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bethel.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill. 

Gillisonville,  ghil'l^-sgn-vil,  a  decayed  post-village  of 
Hampton  co.,  S.C.,  about  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  a  church  and  10  families. 

Gillmore,  ghil'mor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky., 
45  miles  from  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  3  churches. 

Gillmore,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  llD. 

Gillolo,  an  island.     See  Gilolo. 

Gillsburg,  ghilz'biirg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jack- 
son CO.,  111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  St,  Louis  Railroad,  83  miles  S.E 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Gill's  Creek,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.  Pop 
2040.     It  contains  Lancaster. 

Gill's  (ghilz)  Landing,  a  station  in  Waupaca  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E 
of  Waupaca,  at  the  crossing  of  the  navigable  Wolf  River. 

Gill's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky.,  28  miles 
E.  of  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  a  flouring-mill, 

Gillsville,  ghilz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga,,  on 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens. 

Gilly,  zheeryeo'  or  zhee^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Charleroi. 

Gilman,  gbil'man,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co..  III., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  81  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago, 
53  miles  E.  of  El  Paso,  and  68  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.  It 
is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Gilman,  Clinton  A  Springfield 
Railroad.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  broom -factory.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Gilman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington 
Railroad,  lOi  miles  W.N.W.  of  Muncie.     It  has  a  church. 

Gilman,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa, in  Green- 
castle  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  14  mile» 
S.S.E.  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  10  stores.     Pop.  about  800 

Gilman,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Gilman,  a  post-township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  about  2^ 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hudson.     Pop.  723. 

Gilman's  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Port  Jervis  &  Monticello  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.  of  Monticello.  It  has  2  steam  lumber-mills  and  a  tannery. 

Gilmanton,  ghil'man-tgn,  a  township  of  Benton  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  297. 

Gilmanton,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Gilmanton  township,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord,  and  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Tilton.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1642. 

Gilmanton,  or  Gilmantown,  a  post-village  of  Buf- 
falo CO.,  Wis.,  in  Gilmanton  township,  on  the  Buffalo  River, 
about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  504. 

Gilmanton  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Belknap 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Gilmanton  township,  11  or  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Laconia.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 

Gilmer,  ghil'mor,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  452  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Connasauga  and  Coosawattee  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  picturesque  mountain-scenery.  Among  the 
highest  points  of  this  county,  which  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue 
Ridge,  are  Cohuttah  and  Tallona  Mountains.  Indian  com, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and  marble 
are  found  nere.  It  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the 
Marietta  <fc  North  Georgia  Railway.  Capital,  Ellijay. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6644;  in  1880,  8386;  in  1890,  9074. 

Gilmer,  a  central  county  of  West  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little 
Kanawha  River  and  Leading  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here.  Capital,  Glenville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4338 ; 
in  1880,  7108;  in  1890,  9746. 

Gilmer,  a  station  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
4  Montgomery  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montgomery. 


OIL 


1270 


GIR 


Gilmer^  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.    Pop.  1425. 

Gilmer^  a  post-oflSce  of  Lake  co.,  III.,  36  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Chicago. 

Gilmer^  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  2311. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Greonsborough. 

Gilmer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Upshur  co.,  Texas,  is 
100  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Dallas,  and  about  40  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marshall.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  691. 

Gilmer's  Store,  a  post-oflBce  of  Guilford  oo.,  N.C. 

Gilmerton,  ghil'm^r-tpn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  765. 

Gilmore,  ghil'more,  a  station  on  the  Western  A  At- 
lantic Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Gilmore,  a  station  in  Effingham  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
<fc  Mississippi  Railroad  (Springfield  division),  80  miles  S.E. 
of  Springfield.     Here  is  Welton  Post-Office. 

Gilmore,  a  post-office  of  Sarpy  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Omaha. 

Gilmore,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  133. 

Gilmore,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West 
Virginia  line.     Pop.  703.     It  affords  coal  and  limestone. 

Gilmore,  an  oil-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  on  the  Clean,  Bradford  &  Warren  Railroad, 
i  mile  E.  of  Derrick  City.     Here  are  several  oil-wells. 

Gilmore  City,  a  post- village  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rolfe.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  700. 

Gilmore's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River  Canal,  2  miles  from  the  Natural 
Bridge.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lime-kiln.  Near  it  are 
3  churches. 

Gilolo,  je-lo'lo,  Giilolo,  Djillolo,  or  Jilolo,  jil- 
lo'lo,  or  Halmahera,  h&l-m&-b4'r&,  a  considerable  island 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  equator.  Ion.  128°  E., 
separated  from  Celebes  by  the  Molucca  Passage,  and  from 
Geram  by  Pitt's  Passage.  Estimated  area,  6500  square  miles. 
Like  Celebes,  it  consists  of  four  peninsulas,  radiating  N., 
E.,  and  S.  from  a  common  centre.  The  interior  is  moun- 
tainous, and  in  many  parts  densely  wooded ;  the  coasts  are 
inhabited  by  Malays,  the  interior  by  a  rude  but  inoffen- 
sive race  of  Alfooras.  The  products  are  sago,  coooanuts, 
spices,  fruits,  edible  birds'-nests,  pearls  and  gold-dust, 
horses,  horned  cattle,  and  sheep.  The  imports  are  mostly 
from  the  Dutch  East  India  settlements,  and  comprise 
manufactured  goods,  opium,  china-ware,  and  iron.  The 
island  is  subdivided  into  several  petty  states.  Principal 
towns,  Ossa  and  Gilolo.  The  whole  island  is  under  the 
Dutch  supremacy. 

Gilolo  Passage,  separating  the  above  island,  on  the 
E.,  from  the  islands  of  Waigeoo,  Batanta,  and  Mysol,  is 
from  100  to  140  miles  across. 

Gilpaigoan,  ghil-pi-g5n',  written  also  Gilpaigon, 
a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Ispahan. 

Gilpin,  ghil'pin,  a  small  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Colorado,  comprises  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Among 
its  prominent  features  is  James  Peak,  13,283  feet  high. 
This  county  is  connected  with  Denver  by  the  Colorado  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  It  contains  gold-mines  which  are  perhaps 
the  richest  in  the  state.  Silver  and  copper  are  also  found 
here,  and  lead-mining  and  lead-smelting  are  important  in- 
dustries. Gilpin  CO.  has  an  area,  as  officially  estimated,  of 
160  square  miles.  Capital,  Central  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6490 j  in  1880,  6489;  in  1890,  6867. 

Gilpin,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 

Gilpin's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Choptank  River,  about  10  wiles  below  Denton. 

Gilroy,  ghirroy',  a  post-town  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
in  Gilroy  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  San  Jos6,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Castroville. 
It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Gilroy 
Seminary,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  tobacco-factory,  nmchine- 
ehops,  a  brewery,  <fec.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  land 
adapted  to  pasture  and  dairies.  Pop.  1694;  of  the  town- 
ship, 3268. 

Gilroy  Hot  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Gilroy  Station. 
It  has  medicinal  springs,  a  large  hotel,  and  several  cottages. 

Gils'land,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Brampton.     It  has  medicinal  springs. 

Gil  son,  ghil'sQn,  a  post- village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  on  the 
Qalesburg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Galesburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Gilson,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Little 


Blue  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Hastings.     It  has  a  chair-fas- 
tory  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Gilsum,  ghil'sum,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H. 
9  miles  N.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  3  woollen-mills.     Pop.  640. 

Gimbsheim,  ghimps'hime,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Worms.     Pop.  2142. 

Gimena,  several  towns  of  Spain.     See  Jimena. 

Gimignano,  je-meen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tus- 
cany, 20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  8094. 

Gimino,  je-mee'no,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
Istria,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  3700. 

Gimli,  geem'lee,  i.e.,  "paradise,"  a  town  of  Canadv, 
capital  of  the  Icelandic  colony  in  the  district  of  Keewatin. 
It  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  55  miles  N.  of  the 
town  of  Winnipeg.     Pop.  about  500. 

Gimone,  zhee^mon',  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Ga- 
ronne about  3  miles  S.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.   Length,  66  miles. 

Gimont,  zhee^miN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  on  the 
Gimone,  16  miles  E.  of  Auch.     Pop.  2113. 

Ginevra  and  Ginebra.     See  Geneva. 

Gingee,  or  Jhii^i,  jin'jee,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  It  has  extensive  fortifica- 
tions, a  remarkable  seven-storied  tower,  a  pagoda,  a  mosque, 
a  castellated  palace,  various  military  works,  and  some  inter 
esting  ruins. 

Gin  gel  om,  Hing'hi-lom^  or  zh&N«^zh9h-16N*',  a  villagt 
of  Belgium,  48  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Brussels.  Pop.  700. 

Gin'gerbread  Ground,  a  dangerous  reef  of  the  Ba- 
hama Islands,  35  miles  S.  of  the  Great  Bahama.  Lat.  25° 
66'  N.;  Ion.  78°  26'  E. 

Gin'ger  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ginger  Island,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in  the  Wait 
Indies,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Tortola. 

Ginghamsbnrg,  ghing'amz-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Monroe  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Tippe- 
canoe, and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Dayton.    It  has  2  churches. 

Gingins,  ghin'gheens,  a  parish  of  Switzerland,  cantoD 
of  Vaud,  with  a  population  of  342. 

Ging's  Station,  Indiana.     See  Arnold. 

Gingst,  ghingst,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  island  of  Riigen,  in  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1308. 

Ginneken,  Hin'ni-k^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Mark,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Breda, 
Pop.  860. 

Ginn'es  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ginodium,  the  Latin  name  of  Gignod. 

Ginosa,  or  Genosa,  j^-no'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Lecce,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  6950. 

Gin'town,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga. 

Gioia,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Gioja. 

Gioj,  jo'ee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  0 
miles  N.W.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  1843. 

Gioja,  jo'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Aqnila,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  2392. 

Gioja,  or  Gioia,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  38 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  13,094. 

Gioja,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  6  milei 
S.E.  of  Piedimonte.     Pop.  3363* 

Gioja,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Cala- 
bria, 27  miles  N.E.  of  Reggio,  near  the  gulf  of  ita  own 
name.  It  was  almost  destroyed  by  the  earthquake  of  1783. 
Pop.  2117. 

Giojosa,  jo-yo'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
di  Calabria,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  8488. 

Giojosa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  its  N.  coast,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Patti.  It  was  built  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  on  which 
stood  Giojosa  Vecchio  (or  Old  Giojosa).     Pop.  4667. 

Giorgiev,  or  Giorgief,  Roumania.    See  Giuro^to. 

Giornico,  joR'ne-ko  (Ger.  Ir'nia),  a  town  of  Switser- 
land,  canton  of  Ticino,  on  the  Tessin,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bellinzona.     Pop.  707. 

Gioura,  one  of  the  Grecian  Islands.    See  Gyaros. 

Giovata,  jo-vi'ti,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos  (here  called  the  Gulf  of  Giova, 
jo'vi),  50  miles  E.  of  Boodroom. 

Giovenazzo,  jo-vi-n4t'so  (anc.  Natiolum),  a  (ortifled 
seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  by  rail  N.w, 
of  Bari,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  6000.  It  h** 
a  cathedral,  convents,  hospitals,  and  a  castle. 

Gipps'land,  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  colony 
of  Victoria  and  of  Australia.  Area,  13,398  square  mil«lj^ 
It  is  a  mountainous  and  well-timbered  country,  with  man.' 
fertile  plains  and  great  mineral  wealth.    Chief  town,  Sal<- 

Giraglia,  je-ril'y4,  a  small  island  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, li  miles  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Corsica. 


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GIT 


Girapetra^  je-r&-p&'tr&,  a  small  maritime  town  of  the 
land  of  Crete,  on  its  S.  coast. 

Girard,  J9-rard',  a  village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
lattahoochee  River,  opposite  Columbus,  Ga.  It  is  the 
(ftheast  terminus  of  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  and  is 
■Jjaoont  to  Brownville,  Lee  co.  It  has  2  churches.  A 
Hdge  over  the  river  connects  Girard  with  Columbus. 
Girard)  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
laeific  Railroad  (Tulare  division),  131  miles  S.E.  of  Tulare. 
Girard,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 
I  Girard)  a  post- village  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  on  the 
|iicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Spring- 
•ild,  and  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carlinville.  It  has  5  churches, 
I  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  in 
^80,  1024;  in  1890,  1524. 

Girard)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
I  the  Missouri  River,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Fort 
:-.ott,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Columbus.     It  is  connected  with 
Dplin,  Mo.,  by  the  Joplin  Railroad.     It  has  a  court-house, 
banks,  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  stove-foundry,  and 
iachine-shops.      Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
bre.    Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2541. 
I  Girard)  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  parish,  La.,  on  Boeuf 
liiyon,  and  on  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport  &  Texas  Railroad, 
i  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.     It  has  3  stores. 
Girard)  a  post-village  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in  Girard 
twnship,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Coldwater,  and  about  32  miles 
jW.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  2  general  stores,  and 
drug-store.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1313. 
I  Girard)  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 
Girard)  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ma- 
li ning  River,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Youngstown,  also 
1  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Uhoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Rail- 
i  id.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     It  has  4  churches,  a 
dngs-bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
iron-furnace,  a  rolling-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  manu- 
( tares  of  leather  belting  and  stoves.     Pop.  about  2500. 
Girard)  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  bounded  S. 
'  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.     Pop.  490. 
Girard)  a  post-township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded  on 
ti  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  A 
itsburg  Railroad.     Pop.  2018.     It  contains  the  boroughs 
Girard  and  Lockport. 
jijrirard)  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  in  Girard 

Irnsbip,  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  on  the  Erie  <fc  Pittsburg 
d  Lake  Shore  Railroads,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie  city, 
(I  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Meadville.  Its  station  on  the 
Ice  Shore  Railroad  is  at  Miles  Grove.  It  has  4  churches, 
t  ational  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
^aufactures  of  wrenches,  sash,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  626. 
irirard)  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
3a  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  East  Mahanoy  Junction. 
iirard  Manor)  a  post-town  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
t  Union  township.  It  is  on  Catawissa  Creek,  and  on  the 
iwissa  &  Williamsport  Branch  Railroad,  16  miles  N.W. 
Tamaqua,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Hazleton,  and  116  miles 
ta  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  several  steam  saw- 
lls,  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

"Jirard  Point,  a  village  in  the  26th  ward  of  Philadel- 
ia.  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill,  near  its  mouth.  It  is  the  ter- 
nus  of  a  branch  railroad,  and  has  grain-elevators,  and 
ipke  for  the  Red  Star  and  Blue  Star  lines  of  European 
ijamers. 

pirard'yillC)  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
4  railroad  which  connects  Ashland  with  Pottsville,  3  miles 
•  of  the  former.  It  contains  4  churches.  It  is  supported 
•lefly  by  coal-mines,  from  which  a  large  quantity  of  an- 
thioite  is  annually  exported.  Pop.  in  1890,  3584. 
pirdland)  ghird'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa., 
"{Oregon  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Honesdale.  It  has  a 
Ifnery,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

pirMleness')  a  headland  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Kincar- 
<ie,  forming  the  S.  point  of  the  entrance  of  the  Dee,  2 
'  les  S.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  light-house  with  2  fixed 
I  lits.  Lat.  57°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  3'  W. 
Sir'dle  Tree  Hill)  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
'  I.,  on  the  railroad  between  Snow  Hill  and  Franklin,  6 
J  les  S.  of  Snow  Hill.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  and  a 
Ihber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

pirgeh)  or  Jiijeh)  jeSR'jih,  written  also  Djirdjeh, 
Hrga)  and  Girgheh,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  in  a 
■Mvinoe  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Nile,  60  miles  N.W.  of 
jebes.  It  has  several  mosques,  a  government  cotton- 
ig.ory,  a  school,  attended,  a  few  years  ago,  by  100  boys, 
•a  a  Latin  convent,  the  oldest  Roman  Catholic  estoblish- 
»|nt  in  Egypt.     Pop.  2000. 


Girgeh)  or  Girga)  a  province  of  Upper  Egypt,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Nile.    Capital,  Soohag.    Pop.  620,000. 

Girgeuti)Or  Gergenti,  jlit-jSn'tee  (anc.  Agrigen' turn), 
a  city  of  Sicily,  96  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Palermo,  nearly 
1200  feet  above  the  sea,  4  miles  distant  by  rail.  It  has  an 
imposing  external  appearance,  but  is  irregularly  laid  out. 
The  public  buildings  are  large,  though,  except  the  public 
seminary,  library,  and  museum,  they  are  without  merit; 
the  principal  are  a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth  century,  with 
some  antiquities  and  treasures  of  art,  and  a  great  many 
other  churches  and  convents.  On  the  coast  is  a  port,  called 
Porto  Empedocle,  with  a  mole  built  in  1756,  two  light- 
houses, extensive  corn-magazines,  a  prison,  and  warehouses 
for  brimstone.  The  extensive  remains  of  the  ancient  city, 
E.  of  the  modern  town,  comprise  the  magnificent  temple 
of  Concord,  the  most  perfect  existing  structure  of  early 
Greek  architecture,  the  remains  of  a  vast  temple  of  the 
Olympic  Jupiter,  the  tomb  of  Theron,  and  portions  of  the 
temples  of  Juno,  Hercules,  Vulcan,  Castor  and  Pollux,  Ac. 
Porto  Empedocle  is  the  chief  port  in  Sicily  for  the  export 
of  sulphur ;  the  other  principal  exports  are  corn,  almonds, 
sumach,  oil,  and  soda.  Girgenti  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the 
capital  of  a  province.     Pop.  20,000. 

Girgenti)  a  province  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sicily,  com- 
prising an  area  of  1491  square  miles.     P.  (1884)  336,093. 

GirifaIcO)  je-re-f&l'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  4548. 

Girin  Oula)  Manchooria.     See  Kirin  Oola. 

Girishk)  ghee^rishk',  a  fort  and  village  of  Afghanistan, 
on  the  Helmund.     Lat.  31°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  18'  E. 

Girjeh)  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Girgeh. 

Giromagny,  zheeVo^min^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haut-Rhin,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  3858. 

Giron)  Jiron,  XiroU)  ae-ron',  or  Girona,  He-ro'n&, 
a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Boyaoa, 
46  miles  W.  of  Pamplona. 

GirondC)  je-r6nd'  (Fr.  pron.  zhee^r6Nd'),  an  estuary  of 
Western  France,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Garonne  and 
Dordogne.  Length,  50  miles.  It  is  navigable,  but  greatly 
encumbered  with  sand-banks,  and  subject  at  flood-tide  to  a 
heavy  bore  termed  maacaret. 

GirondC)  a  department  in  rde  S.W.  of  France,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Guienne,  and  having  W.  the 
Bay  of  Biscay.  Area,  3714  square  miles.  Surface  gener- 
ally level,  and  all  the  W.  portion  is  a  sand-flat,  interspersed 
with  lagoons,  and  termed  the  "  landes."  Principal  rivers, 
the  Garonne  and  Dordogne,  with  the  estuary  of  Gironde 
formed  by  their  union.  Most  of  the  claret  wines  are 
grown  in  this  department,  the  vineyards  in  which  form  its 
chief  source  of  wealth.  There  are  stone-quarries  and 
smel ting-works,  but  few  mines.  Gironde  is  divided  into  6 
arrondissements.  Chief  towns,  Bordeaux  (the  capital), 
Bazas,  and  Blaye.    P.  in  1886,  775,845;  in  1891,  793,528. 

Girty,  ghir'te,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in 
South  Bend  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Apollo.  It  has  a 
pottery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Girvan)  gheer'van,  a  river  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Ayr, 
flows  westerly  into  the  Irish  Sea,  opposite  Ailsa  Craig. 

Girvan)  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  above 
river,  co.  and  17  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ayr.  It  is  mostly 
inhabited  by  cotton-weavers,  and  has  a  town  hall,  2  branch 
banks,  and  a  harbor  with  about  9  feet  of  water.    Pop.  4791. 

Girwan)  ghir^wan',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Banda  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  6670. 

Gish's  MillS)  a  post-village  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of 
Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  3  stores,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  and  leather. 

GisorS)  zhee^zou',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the 
Epte,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Beauvais. 
It  has  a  very  remarkable  old  castle,  partly  built  by  Henry 
II.  of  England,  a  curious  mediseval  church,  a  communal 
college,  an  active  trade  in  grain,  and  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton, merinos,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  3590. 

Gisser)  ghis's^r,  one  of  the  Banda  Isles,  Malay  Archi- 
pelago.    It  is  low  and  sandy,  surrounded  by  a  coral  reef. 

Gissi)  jis'see,  a  town  of  Naples,  province  of  Chieti,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3400. 

Gissigheini)  ghis'sia-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
the  Brehm.     Pop.  981. 

Gisweil)  ghis'^ile,  or  Gyswyl,  ghis'^il,  a  villag* 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Unterwalden,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Sarnen.     Pop.  1786. 

GitS)  Hits  (Fr.  pron.  zheet),  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  West  Flanders,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Ypres.    Pop.  3825. 

Gitschin,  or  GicziU)  ghitch'in,  a  walled  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Czidlina  (chid-lee'n&),  and  on  a  railway,  50 


GIT 


1272 


GLA 


miles  N.E.  of  Prague.  It  has  a  fine  castle,  built  by  Wal- 
lenstein,  a  gymnasium,  a  realschule,  a  Jesuit  college,  and  a 
hospital.     Pop.  6570. 

Gittell,  ghit'tfil,  or  Gittelde,  ghit'tfird^b,  a  town  of 
Germany,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brunswick.     Pop.  1368. 

Gitt's  (ghits)  Run,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Hanover  &  York  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E  of  Hanover. 

Ginbiasco,  joo-be-^s'ko,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Ticino,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Bellinzona.    Pm).  of  commune,  1540. 

Giugliano,  jool-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Naples.     Pop.  11,772. 

Ginlamerk,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Joolamerk. 

Giulia,joo'l§-4,  Giulianova,jooU§-i-no'va,  or  Giu- 
lianuova,  joo^lee-S.-noo-o'vi  (anc.  Castrum  Novum),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  near  the  Adriatic,  25 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pescara.     Pop.  4781. 

Giuliana,  joo-\e-k'n&,  a  seaport  village  of  Dalmatia, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  peninsula  of  Sabioncello,  15  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Curzola. 

Giulianaj  joo-le-4-ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3614. 

Giulianova,  or  Giulianuova.    See  Giulia. 

Giuliopoli,  joo-le-op'o-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Chieti,  24  miles  S.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1055. 

Ginpana,  joo-p3,'n3,,  or  Scipan,  she-p&n',  an  island 
of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the  coast,  3  miles  S.  of 
Slano.     Length,  5  miles.     Pop.  860. 

Giura,  the  Italian  name  of  Jura. 

Giurgevo,  or  Giurgewo,  joor-ji'vo,  written  also 
Dschurdshowa,  joor-jo'vS,,  and  Schiurschewo, 
shoor-shi'vo  (Roumanian,  Giurgiu,  joor^joo'),  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  on  the  Danube,  opposite  Roostchook,  40  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  20,886. 

Giussano,  joos-s&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
IS  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  of  commune,  4500. 

Giusvalla,  joos-v4l'll,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  21  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  927. 

Givet,  zheeVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the 
Meuse,  at  a  railway  junction,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  M^ziSres, 
on  the  Belgian  frontier.  Here  are  extensive  forts  and  bar- 
racks, a  military  hospital,  and  on  an  adjacent  height  is  the 
citadel  of  Charlemont.     Pop.  5275. 

Giv'in,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  and  the  Des  Moines  Valley  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  here. 

Givors,  zheeVoR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhfine,  at  a 
railway  junction,  17  miles  S.  of  Lyons,  and  on  the  Rhone, 
near  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Qier  River  and  the  Canal  of 
Givors.  It  has  glass-works,  tanneries,  furnaces,  and  silk- 
factories,  and  a  trade  in  coal  and  coke.     Pop-  10,856. 

Givry,  zheeVree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa&ne-et-Loire, 
6  miles  W.  of  Chaions-sur-Sa6ne.     Pop.  2071. 

Gizeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Gheezeh. 

Gjat,  or  Gjatsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gzhatsk. 

Glacier  (glas'e-^r)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
39°  34'  N.,  Ion.  105°  52'  18"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
12,654  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Gladbach,  towns  of  Germany.  See  Bergisch-Glad- 
BACH  and  MOnchen-Gladbach. 

Glad'dice,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Glade,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  <k 
Rio  Grande  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Glade,  a  post-oflSce  of  Catahoula  parish,  La. 

Glade,  Somerset  co..  Pa.    See  New  Centrevillb. 

Glade,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  bounded  S.E.  by 
the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  899. 

Glade  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  640. 

Glade  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  35 
miles  E.  of  McMinnville. 

Glade  Farms,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Glade  Fork  of  the  Cheat  River  rises  in  Randolph 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Dry 
Fork  in  Tucker  co. 

Glade  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Glade  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Gladenbach,  gl4'd§n-blK\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1119. 

Glade  Run,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Glade  Run,  a  station  in  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Connellsville  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of 
Mineral  Point. 
Glades,  gladz,  a  post-ofSce  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 


Gladesborough,  gladz'bilr-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Randolph  co.,  N.C,  8  miles  S.E.  of  High  Point  Station. 

Gladesborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Hillsville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Glade  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Saltville  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Abingdon.  It  is  near  Walker's  Mouutain.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  academies,  and  a  newspaper  oflSice.  Pop.  500. 
Medicinal  springs  are  found  near  this  village. 

Gladesville,  gladz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Gladesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  a  church. 

Gladeville,glad'vn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  CO.,  Tenn., 
about  24  miles  E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gladewater,  gla,d'wi-t§r,  a  post-village  of  Gregg  eo., 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Mar- 
shall.    It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Gladova,  gl4-do'vi  (Turk.  Fet-hlam,  fSt-isMim'),  a 
town  of  Servia,  on  the  Danube,  immediately  below  the 
"iron  gate,"  13  miles  S.E.  of  Neu-Orsova.  About  2\  milea 
below  it  are  the  remains  of  the  bridge  built  by  Trajan  acroM 
the  Danube. 

Glad'stone,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  III.,  10 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Burlington,  Mo.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  academies.     Pop.  about  450. 

Gladstone,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  North  Escanaba.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  Ac.     Pop.  in  189i),  1337. 

Glad'win,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Michigan. 
Area,  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Tittabawas«ee 
and  Tobacco  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
leVel,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing A  Saginaw  Railroad  passes  near  its  N.E.  corner. 
Capital,  Gladwin.     Pop.  in  1880,  1127  ;  in  IS'JO,  4203.         ; 

Gladwin,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Gladwin  co.,  Mich., 
28  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Pinconning.    It  has  3  churches,  \ 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  Ac.     Pop.  903.  ! 

Glaishammer,  glis'h&m-m^r,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  t 
suburb  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  3860.  ( 

Glani'mis,  or  Glam'is,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  ' 
5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Forfar.     Pop.  377.     Near  by  is  tbt 
historic  castle  of  Glammis,  with  a  collection  of  antiquities. 

Glamor'gan,  or  Glamorganshire,  gla-mor'g^- 
shir,  the  southernmost  county  of  Wales,  having  S.  and  W 
the  Bristol  Channel.     Area,  855  square  miles.     The  surface 
is  mountainous  in  the  N.,  level  in  the  S. ;  the  "  Yale  of 
Glamorgan"  is  of  fertility  unsurpassed  in  Wales.    The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Tawe,  Neath,  Taff",  Romney,  the  Imi 
forming  the  boundary  on  the  side  of  Monmouthshire,  anc 
on  the  W.  the  Loughor,  which,  with  the  Bury  estnn-" 
bounds  N.  the  peninsula  of  Gower.    All  the  N.  part  of 
county  belongs  to  the  great  coal-field  of  South  Wales.  L 
iron-works  are  established  at  Merthyr-Tydvil,  A 
and  Herwain,  and  smelting- works  at  Swansea  an  . 
The  county  has  numerous  lines  of  railway.     Capital,  Caruia 
Glamorgan  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons  ^ 
and  its  boroughs  send  four.     Pop.  in  1891,  fi87,147. 

Glan,  glin,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  th 
Isen  of  Linkoping,  about  9  miles  long.  The  Motala,  whicl 
discharges  Lake  Wetter,  after  passing  through  Lake  Roxen 
enters  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Glan,  and,  issuing  from  it 
E.  extremity,  passes  the  town  of  Norrkjoping  and  fomu 
long  estuary,  called  Braviken,  in  the  Baltic.  . 

Gland'ford-Brigg  (or  Bridge),  a  town  of  lagi; 
land,  CO.  and  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  tiT*  ' 
Ancholme.     Pop.  of  township,  1692.  ^ 

Glan'don,  a  harbor  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  3  mil* ' 
W.  of  Ross  Bay,  1  mile  wide,  stretches  inland  about  3  milei 

Glandon,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  about 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  harbor. 

Glan^dore',  a  harbor  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  c 
and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cork,  in  lat.  51°  35'  N.,  Ion.  9°  5'  V 

Glandore,  a  town  and  place  of  resort  on  the  B.  do  ] 
of  the  above  harbor,  contains  many  houses  for  the  aooon 
modation  of  those  attracted  by  its  situation  and  climat* 

Glandorf,  glin'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  llano, 
near  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1136. 

Glan'dorf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  3  miles  > 
of  Ottawa.     It  has  2  churches,  woollen-  and  flour-mills,  ;t 

Glane,  glin  or  gli'n^h,  a  stream  of  Switzerland,  jon 
the  Saane  about  3  miles  above  Freyburg. 

Glan^mire',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles' 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Cork.     Pop.  330. 

Glan'worth,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  b\  mu 
S.S.W.  of  Mitchellstown.   Pop.  673. 


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Glan'worth,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 

miles  by  rail  S.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

GlftrnischyglaiR'nish,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  can- 
in  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Glarus,  9584  feet  high. 

Glarns,  gik'rSSs,  or  Glaris,  gliVeeee'  (Romansoh, 
'laruna,  kli-roo'ni),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  a 
iinton  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Linth,  at  the  foot  of  Mount 
Harnisch,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Wesen.  It  has  a  church,  a 
ospital,  town  hall,  free  school,  public  library,  and  reading- 
>om,  with  manufactures  of  muslins,  printed  cottons,  woollen 
,oths,  and  Schabzieger  cheese.  Pop.  5516. 
I  Glarus,  or  Glaris,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  enclosed 
if  St.  Gall,  the  Grisons,  Schwytz,  and  Uri.     Area,  280 

fuare  miles.  The  Linth  and  its  affluents  pour  themselves 
to  the  Lake  of  Wallenstatt,  on  its  JN".  frontier;  on  all 
ther  sides  it  is  hemmed  in  by  high  mountain-ranges,  and 
lie  Todi  at  its  S.  extremity,  11,887  feet  in  height,  is  the 
iftiest  summit  in  East  Switzerland.  Orchards  are  nu- 
lerous ;  little  corn  is  produced ;  cattle-rearing  and  manu- 
lotures  of  cotton  and  linen  goods  form  the  chief  occupa- 
ons  of  the  inhabitants.  Capital,  Glarus.  Pop.  36,179. 
Glas'co,  a  post-village  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  about  1 
Ule  N.  of  the  Solomon  River,  and  40  miles  N.  by  "W.  of 
Mina.     It  has  a  church. 

i  Glasco,  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
!>a  River,  .S  miles  below  Saugerties,  and  about  8  miles  N. 
\  Rondout.     It  has  2  churches,  an  extensive  brick-yard, 
r  d  a  trade  in  building-stone.     Pop.  about  800. 
\  Glas'cock,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 

Eea  of  about  90  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
the  Ogeechee  River,  and  intersected  by  Rocky  Comfort 
1  eek.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
I  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
loducts.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Augusta,  Gibson  <fe 
indersville  Railroad.  Capital,  Gibson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
736;  in  1880,  3577;  in  1890,  3720. 

j  Glas'cow,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  separated 
rum  Bridgeport  by  Grand  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Berlin. 
[op.  100. 

{  Gl^sen,  gU'zen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of 
ijpeln.     Pop.  1100. 

I  Glasenbach,  gl&'z^n-b&K^  a  village  of  Austria,  duchy 
jT  and  near  Salzburg. 

I  Glasendorf,  gli'z^n-doRf^,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle 
t'  Bidschow. 

i  Gl&sersdorf,  gli'z^rz-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  cir- 
t  of  Buntzlau. 

Gl&sersdorf,  and  O'ber  Giasersdorf,  two  villages 
'  Prussia,  government  of  Liegnitz,  circle  of  Liiben. 

Glas'ford,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  El.,  in  Timber 
iwnship,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  18 
pies  S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  3  general  stores,  a  flour-mill, 

fi  a  coal-mine. 
Glas'go,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  6  miles 
'5.E.  of  Jewett  City.  Here  is  a  paper-mill. 
Glasgow,  glas'go  (L.  Glas'cua),  the  commercial  and 
Unufacturing  capital  of  Scotland,  situated  in  the  lower 
(ard  of  the  co.  of  Lanark,  on  a  generally  level  tract  of  land, 
b  both  sides  of  the  Clyde,  21  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  42 
kiles  W.  by  S.  from  Edinburgh.  Lat.  55°  51'  52"  N. ;  Ion. 
f  16'  W.  The  city  proper  stands  wholly  on  the  right  bank 
f  the  river.  It  has  numerous  suburbs,  one  group  of  which 
fands  on  the  left  or  south  side  and  is  united  to  Glasgow 
!?  three  fine  stone  bridges,  three  suspension-bridges,  and 
amerous  ferries. 

,  The  name  is  Celtic,  and  is  said  to  signify  "  dark  glen," 
y  reference  to  a  ravine  formed  by  the  Molendinar  burn  in 
ae  northeastern  part  of  the  city,  on  a  slight  eminence 
perlooking  which  stands  the  cathedral.  This  fine  old  edi- 
pe,  founded  in  1187,  may  be  regarded  as  the  nucleus  of 
[lasgow.  In  1190  King  William  the  Lion  erected  Glasgow 
ato  a  burgh,  but  for  a  century  and  a  half  it  continued  an 
isignificant  town,  with  a  population  of  not  more  than 
)00.  In  1451  Bishop  Turnbull  founded  the  university, 
hioh  gave  a  considerable  impetus  to  the  town,  yet  in  1556 
lasgow  ranked  only  eleventh  among  the  Scottish  burghs. 
1  1660  it  had  12,000  inhabitants,  and  in  1801  77,058.  At 
le  midsummer  of  1874  the  population  of  Glasgow,  with  its 
mtiguous  suburbs,  was  estimated  at  636,515.  This  im- 
jense  increase,  unparalleled  in  the  Old  World,  is  due  to  its 
frtunate  location  in  the  centre  of  a  great  coal-  and  iron- 
fild,  as  also  on  the  banks  of  a  navigable  river,  which  opens 
J  it  the  commerce  of  the  world.  When  by  the  union  of 
-tngland  and  Scotland  the  trade  with  the  American  colonies 
/las  thrown  open  to  Scottish  enterprise,  Glasgow  became 
jie  centre  of  the  tobacco-trade.  Later  it  became  a  great 
antre  of  the  sugar-trade;  and  this  trade  the  town  still  re- 
81 


tains.  But  it  is  within  the  present  century  that  Glasgow 
has  become  one  of  the  ohiei  centres  of  the  cotton-  and 
iron-trades.  On  this  last  trade  is  based  her  special  busi- 
ness of  iron  ship-building  and  machine-making.  In  these 
departments  Glasgow  and  the  Clyde  ports  stand  unri- 
vaUed,  "Clyde-built"  ships  and  engines  being  known  all 
over  the  world.  Almost  incredible  sums  have  been  spent 
in  deepening  and  widening  the  Clyde  and  in  building 
splendid  quays  and  docks.  In  the  beginning  of  the  cen- 
tury the  Clyde  below  the  lowest  bridge  could  at  low 
water  be  forded  on  foot;  now  vessels  of  2000  tons  can 
lie  there  at  anchor  at  all  states  of  the  tide.  Besides  the 
docks  and  quays  along  the  Broomielaw  on  both  sides  of  the 
river,  an  oxcellent  harbor  has  been  constructed  in  the  city 
on  the  Forth  &  Clyde  Canal.  In  the  manufacture  of  chem- 
icals Glasgow  takes  a  high  place.  Among  other  branches 
of  business  largely  followed  are  calico-printing,  dyeing, 
woollen -manufactures,  glass-blowing,  and  brewing. 

The  general  appearance  of  Glasgow  to  one  approaching 
it  from  the  east  is  not  attractive,  yet  it  is,  except  in  the 
older  and  poorer  districts,  a  handsome  city,  with  wide 
well-kept  streets,  the  houses  being  constructed  in  a  supe- 
rior style  of  a  fine  white,  generally  polished  freestone.  The 
squares,  places,  terraces,  crescents,  Ac,  of  the  "  West  End" 
present  as  fine  specimens  of  domestic  architecture  as  are  to 
be  met  with  anywhere.  These  ranges  are  generally  orna- 
mented with  trees,  miniature  lawns,  and  parterres  gay 
with  flowers.  The  streets,  roads,  and  drives  are  especially 
spacious  and  well  kept,  so  that,  as  the  "  West  End"  stands 
generally  on  rising  ground,  a  more  healthy  and  attractive 
residence  near  a  great  city  could  scarcely  be  found. 

The  most  interesting  building  in  Glasgow  is  the  cathedral, 
already  mentioned.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the 
early  pointed  style  in  the  kingdom,  and  its  crypt,  with  its 
richly -groined  roof,  is  unrivalled.  A  lofty  tower  and  spire 
rise  from  the  centre  to  the  height  of  225  feet.  It  has  been 
lately  restored  and  its  windows  enriched  with  stained  glass. 
Near  it,  in  the  old  High  street,  stand  the  late  university 
buildings,  erected  about  1650,  and  good  examples  of  the 
Jacobean  style,  but  now  degraded  into  a  railway  depot. 
The  new  university  buildings,  completed  in  1870,  stand  on 
a  fine  elovated  site  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Kelvin,  sur- 
rounded by  a  park  of  22  acres.  They  constitute  a  hand- 
some and  extensive  pile,  the  style  being  collegiate  Gothic 
of  the  fourteenth  century  combined  with  some  features  of 
the  Scottish  baronial.  One  of  the  most  magnificent  of  the 
public  buildings  is  the  Royal  Exchange  in  Queen  street. 
The  county  buildings,  in  connection  with  the  adjoining 
Merchants'  Hall,  compose  a  pile  of  a  simple  but  im- 
posing character.  Many  of  the  uanks  and  insurance  offices, 
the  Tontine,  the  Western  and  New  Club  houses,  the  new 
stock  exchange,  and  several  blocks  composed  of  offices 
and  warehouses  designed  so  as  to  form  one  harmonious 
structure,  are  fine  specimens  of  palatial  street  architec- 
ture. Several  of  the  churches  are  deserving  of  notice  a* 
creditable  examples  of  architecture.  The  fine  spires  of 
some  of  the  latest  built  are  much  admired.  The  Royal  and 
Western  Infirmaries  are  also  good  buildings,  and  the  lu- 
natic asylum  of  Gartnanel,  3  miles  W.  of  the  city,  is  re- 
markable for  its  extent  and  completeness. 

There  are  in  Glasgow  and  immediate  suburbs  64  placet) 
of  worship  in  connection  with  the  Established  Church  of 
Scotland,  68  with  the  Free  Church,  55  with  the  United 
Presbyterian,  6  with  the  Reformed  Presbyterian,  12  Epip 
copal  churches,  15  Roman  Catholic,  10  Baptist,  14  Congre- 
gationalist,  and  7  Methodist,  with  upwards  of  36  belonging 
to  minor  denominations.  It  is  the  head  of  the  Episcopal 
united  diocese  of  Glasgow  and  Galloway,  and  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  archbishop.  The  university  has  27  pro- 
fessors and  1484  matriculated  students.  In  connection 
with  it  are  the  Hunterian  Museum  and  Library,  the  nu- 
cleus of  which  was  bequeathed  by  Dr.  William  Hunter, 
the  celebrated  anatomist,  in  1787.  The  library  numbers 
upwards  of  110,000  volumes,  and  is  being  continually  in- 
creased. Glasgow  University  unites  with  that  of  Aber- 
deen 5n  sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  The  Ander- 
sonian  University  was  founded  in  1797  for  the  benefit  of 
the  unacademical  classes.  Attached  to  it  is  a  medical 
school  of  good  repute ;  some  of  its  chemical  professors  have 
been  men  of  high  eminence.  The  Mechanics'  Institution 
of  Glasgow  was  the  first  of  the  kind  established  in  Great 
Britain.  There  are  also  a  government  school  of  design, 
and  two  normal  schools  for  training  teachers,  besides  a 
Free  Church  theological  seminary.  Secondary  education 
for  boys  is  indifferently  provided  for,  and  there  is  great 
lack  of  means  for  affording  a  proper  education  to  girls. 
Primary  schools  are  now  abundant,  in  accordance  with  t.h( 


GLA 


1274 


GLE 


requirements  of  the  Scottish  Education  Act.  In  the  Corpo- 
ration Gallery  are  a  valuable  collection  of  paintings  and  a 
marble  statue  of  Pitt  by  Flaxman.  There  are  4  fine  publio 
parks,  in  one  of  which  there  is  an  industrial  museum  free 
to  the  public.  Glasgow  has  also  a  botanic  garden,  21  acres 
in  extent.  There  are  a  few  open  squares,  the  most  note- 
worthy of  which  is  George  Square,  in  the  centre  of  the  city, 
the  ranges  of  buildings  enclosing  which  are  among  the  finest 
in  the  city.  Here  are  the  post-office,  several  of  the  chief 
hotels,  and  a  magnificent  block  of  offices  connected  with 
shipping.  The  enclosed  ground  is  neatly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tains many  statues.  There  are  several  other  statues  in  the 
city,  noticeably  those  of  King  William  III.,  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  and  Queen  Victoria,  both  by  Marochetti, 
of  John  Knox  in  the  Necropolis,  Ac. 

There  are  3  daily  morning  and  4  evening  papers,  and 
upwards  of  a  dozen  weekly  papers.  Glasgow  sends  three 
members  to  Parliament.  Pop.  of  city  in  1871,  477,156; 
in  1891,  565,714;  or,  with  suburbs,  792,728. 

Glas'goiV)  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  oo.,  Del.,  and 
a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Delaware  City.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  80. 

Glasgow,  a  post- village  of  Scott  oo.,  111.,  3  miles  from 
Alsey  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  187. 

Glasgow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Fair- 
field.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Glasgow,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barren  co.,  Ey.,  10 
miles  from  Glasgow  Junction,  about  35  miles  by  rail  £.  of 
Bowling  Green,  and  100  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  contains 
5  churches,  2  banks,  a  female  college,  normal  and  graded 
schools,  an  axe-handle  factory,  2  grist-mills,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2041. 

Glasgow,  a  post- village  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  left 
or  E.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  28  miles  above  Boonville. 
It  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus 
of  the  Keokuk  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  It  contains  7  or  8 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  library, 
the  Pritohett  Institute,  an  institution  called  Lewis  College, 
a  flour-mill,  and  several  tobacco-factories.    P.  (1890)  1781. 

Glasgow,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Montana,  136 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Buford,  N.D.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  338. 

Glasgow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsville.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Glasgow,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Coshocton,  0. 

Glasgow^,  a  borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  at  Smith's  Ferry  Railroad  Station,  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  218. 

Glasgow,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  White 
township,  on  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Glasgow,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Colebrookdale  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Pottstown.  It  has 
iron-works  in  which  boilers  and  iron-plate  are  made. 

Glasgow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  in 
Gale  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 

Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia.     See  New  Glasgow. 

Glasgow,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  oo.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Stoua"ville.     Pop.  100. 

Glasgow  City  (Renault  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Mon- 
roe CO.,  111.,  37  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Glasgow  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Glasgow  Branch,  91  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a 
church  and  7  stores  and  business  houses.  Pop.  about  250. 
Here  are  quarries  of  fine  building-  and  lithographic-stone. 

Glashtttte,  glis'hUtH^h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  5  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Dippoldiswalde.     Pop.  1671. 

Glasnev'en,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3i  miles  N. 
of  Dublin,  has  a  botanic  garden  belonging  to  the  Dublin 
Royal  Society,  a  handsome  cemetery,  an  agricultural  school, 
and  a  deaf  and  dumb  institution.     Pop.  of  parish,  1515. 

Glasow,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Glazov. 

Glassboroagh,  glass'biir-riih,  a  post- village  of  Glou- 
cester  co.,  N.J.,  19  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
7  churches,  a  bank,  a  publio  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
glass-manufactories.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2642. 

Glass  House,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Glasslough,  glass'lftH,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co".  and  6 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Monaghan.  Pop.  662.  Adjoining  it 
is  Leslie  Castle. 

Glass  Rivet)  a  post-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 


in  Antrim  township,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lansing. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Glasstoole,  or  QIassthuIe,  glass-tool',  a  village  of 
Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Dublin,  on  Dublin  Bay 
Pop.  3566. 

Glass  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conway  co..  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Glass 'ville,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo. 

Glastenbury,  glass'^n-ber-^,  a  township  of  Benning 
ton  CO.,  Vt.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bennington.    Pop.  119. 

Glastonbury,  glass'9n.-ber-9,  a  post-village  of  Hart- 
ford CO.,  in  Glastonbury  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  7  miles  below  Hartford.  It  contains  an 
academy  and  several  churches.  The  township  has  2  cotton- 
mills,  6  woollen-mills,  and  7  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  3560. 

Glas'tonbnry,  an  ancient  municipal  borough  and 
market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  at  a  railway 
junction,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Bath.  It  occupies  a  peninsula 
formed  by  the  river  Brue,  traditionally  identified  with  the 
mythical  island  of  Avalon.  Most  of  the  houses  have  been 
built  out  of  the  materials  of  the  superb  abbey,  once  cover- 
ing 60  acres,  but  of  which  the  beautiful  ruins  of  the  church, 
with  St.  Joseph's  chapel,  and  the  abbot's  kitchen,  now  form 
the  chief  remains.  Other  structures  of  interest  are  the 
ancient  market-cross,  St.  George's  Inn,  formerly  the  abbey 
hospitium,  the  Tribunal,  the  Abbey  House,  the  Great  Gate 
House,  now  also  an  inn,  the  Hospital  of  St.  John,  founded 
in  1246,  and  St.  Michael's  Tor,  a  curious  tower  on  a  hill, 
adjoining  the  town.  Glastonbury  has  a  town  hall,  2  or  3 
banks,  small  manufactures  of  silk,  and  some  export  trade 
in  timber,  slates,  tiles,  and  agricultural  produce,  by  a  canal 
connecting  it  with  the  Bristol  Channel.  Its  ancient  abbey 
was  founded  in  605,  on  the  site  of  a  British  church  said  te 
owe  its  origin  to  St.  Joseph  of  Arimathea,  whose  miraculoni 
thorn,  which  blossomed  on  Christmas  day,  together  with  the 
shrine  of  St.  Dunstan,  used  to  attract  multitudes  of  devo- 
tees. It  was  the  reputed  burial-place  of  the  renowned  King 
Arthur.     Pop.  3668. 

Glat'felters,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
em  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  York.  Here  much  iron 
is  mined  and  shipped. 

Glatt,  gl&tt,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zorioh, 
joins  the  Rhine  below  Eglisau. 

Glatt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hohenzollern,  with  aoM- 
tle  on  the  Glatt,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Sigmaringen. 

Glattfelden,  gl&tt'fdrdfn,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  13  miles  N.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1381. 

Glatz,  gl&te  (Pol.  Klodz'ko),  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  52  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Neisse, 
near  the  Bohemian  frontier.  It  is  strongly  walled,  and 
situated  between  two  heights,  one  crowned  with  an  old  ' 
castle,  the  other  with  a  modem  fortress.  It  has  a  Catholic 
gymnasium  and  several  schools,  an  arsenal,  large  barracki, 
and  other  buildings  for  military  service,  with  manufao- 
tures  of  damasks,  machinery,  woollen  cloth,  plush,  muslin*, 
hosiery,  leather,  Ac,     Pop.  (1890)  13,501. 

Glauchan,  gl5w'K6w,  or  Glaucha,  glSw'Ki,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Zwickau,  on  the  Mulde,  at  a 
railway  junction.  It  is  one  of  the  first  manufacturing  Vmia 
in  Saxony,  producing  yarns,  paper,  fancy  goods,  hardware, 
cloth,  leather,  needles,  and  metallic  wares.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  castle  of  the  princes  of  Schonburg,  of 
whose  principality  it  was  the  capital.     Pop.  (1890)  23,405. 

GlazoT,  Glasow,  or  Glazow,  gl&-zov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  govemment  and  98  miles  E.  of  Viatka,  on  tta 
Cheptsa.     Pop.  1970.  j 

Gleason,  glee'spn,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  J 
miles  N.  of  Columbus.  ; 

Gleason's,  a  station  on  the  Republic  Branch  of  th«  • 
Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Humboldt,  and  31  miles  by  rail  from  Marquette,  Mich. 

Glebe,  gleeb,  a  northwestern  suburb  of  Sydney,  Ana-  ^ 
tralia.     Pop.  5721.  \ 

Glee'son  Station,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  oo, 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
127  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  maaonie 
institute.     Pop.  about  300. 

Glehn,  glain,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  milw 
S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2447.  , 

Gleiwitz,  gli'^its,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  43  niiMi  , 
S.E.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Klodnitz,  near  a  railway.     It  hM 
iron-  and  glass-works,  cloth-  and  yarn-mills,  and  a  gymna 
slum.     Pop.  (1890)  19,667. 

Glen,  a  river  of  England,  flows  E.  into  the  Till. 

Glen,  a  river  of  England,  enters  Fosdyke  Wash. 

Glen,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portland  i 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  North  Conway. 


GLE 


1275 


GLE 


I  Glen,  or  Your'heesville,  a  post-village  of  Glen  town- 
sip,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Al- 
iny,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Fonda.  It  has  2  churohee,  a  saw- 
ill,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  250.  The  name  of  its  post- 
ce  is  Glen.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
(ohawk,  and  contains  a  village  named  Fultonville.  Hay, 
rain,  hops,  Ac,  are  its  staple  products.  Pop.  2648. 
I  Glena,  glSn'^  a  beautiful  vale  and  bay  of  Ireland, 
aar  Killarney,  co.  of  Kerry. 

\  Glenal'adale,  or  Bed'ford  Bay,  a  post-village  in 
lueens  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  14  miles  N.B.  of  Char- 
Ittetown.     Pop.  200. 

I  Glenal'Ian,  or  Al'lansville,  a  post-village  in  Wel- 
ngton  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Conestogo  River,  9  miles  S.W. 
fOoldstone.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  woollen- 
tctory,  and  3  or  4  stores.  Pop.  400. 
Glen  Al'len,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 
Glen  Allen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.,  on  a 
■anch  of  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  3  miles 
om  Marble  Hill.  It  is  a  shipping-point  for  kaolin,  which 
found  in  the  vicinity. 

Glen  Allen,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 
,  Glenalmond,  gldn-&'m9nd,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland,  co. 
id  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Perth,  is  the  site  of  Trinity  Col- 
ge,  an  important  Episcopalian  institution. 
Glen  Al'pine  Spring,  10  miles  S.  of  Morganton, 
.C,  in  the  South  Mountains,  affords  a  useful  saline  cha- 
beate  water. 

Glenal'ta,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Ga.,  about  26  miles 
E.  of  Columbus. 

Gl^nans,  or  Les  Gl6nans,  Ik  gl&^n&N*',  called  also 
'Archipel  de  Gl^nan,  laR^she^pSl'  d^h  gli'nftN*',  a 
oup  of  9  rocky  islets  belonging  to  France,  in  the  Atlan- 
!,  9  miles  from  the  S.  coast  of  the  department  of  Finist^re. 
Glen  Ar'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
Glen  Arbor  township,  and  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  30 
lies  N.W.  of  Traverse  City.  Pop.  297.  The  township  has 
churches.  Firewood  and  fish  are  shipped  here. 
I  Glen^arm',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  an 
let  from  the  Irish  Sea,  25 J  miles  N.  of  Belfast.  Pop.  987. 
I  Glen  Aubrey,  aw'br?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co., 
j.T.,  in  Nanticoke  township,  about  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
(inghamton.     It  has  2  churches. 

IGlenbenlah,  glfin-bu'la,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan 
.,  Wis.,  in   Greenbush   township,  on   the   Sheboygan    <k 
md  du  Lac  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It 
IS  3  churches,  a  high  school,  water-power,  several  mills, 
•id  a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware.     Pop.  about  600. 
I  Glen  Brook,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Lake 
0.,  Cal.,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calistoga  Railroad  Station. 
I  Glen  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Nevada, 
£  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carson  City.      It  has  4  saw-mills  and  a 
lEining-mill. 
I  Glen  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

Glen  Burn,  a  hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Jinsas  River,  3i  miles  below  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Kansas 
[idland  Railroad. 

Glen'burn,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Penobscot 
).,  Me.,  8  or  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  Pop.  720.  The 
Bmlet  is  often  called  Glenbum  Centre. 

Glenbnrn,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on 
le  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  10  or  11 
dies  N.  of  Scranton. 

Glenbur'nie,  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  oo.,  Ontario, 
I  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  300. 
I  Glenbnrnie  Mills,  Kentucky.    See  West  Fork. 
I  Glencaple,  glfin^ka'p^l,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
j  miles  S.  of  Dumfries,  with  a  port  on  the  river  Nith. 
I  Glen  Car'bon,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa., 
a  Foster  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
teading  Railroad,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg.     It 
as  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Glen  Cas'tle,  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y. 

Glen    City,  a  post-village   of  Columbia   co..   Pa.,  in 

eaver  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  A  Wilkesbarre 

ailroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Danville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Glen^cliflT',  a  station  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga 
Uilroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 
I  Glencoe,  glfln'ko',  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
lear  the  head  of  Loch  Etive.     Its  bed  is  swept  by  Ossian's 

dark  torrent  of  Cona,"  and  no  other  portion  of  the  High- 
inds  presents  such  gloomy  sublimity.  The  massacre  of 
he  MacDonalds  occurred  here  in  February,  1692. 
'  Glencoe,  gWn'ko,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  HI.,  on 
Aake  Michigan,  and  half  a  mile  from  Glencoe  Station, 
(fhich  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  19  miles 
i.  by  W.  of  Chicago.     Pop.  500. 


Glencoe,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  mill. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  40 
miles  from  Morgan  City.    It  has  2  churches. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  large  hotel. 

Glencoe,  a  hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Glencoe, 
Pinconning  &  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Bay 
City.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Glencoe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  MoLeod  co.,  Minn., 
is  in  Glencoe  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  and  on  the  Has- 
tings &  Dakota  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  Hastings,  and 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Mankato.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks, 
a  seminary,  a  pump-factory,  a  plough-works,  2  cigar- 
factories,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1649. 

Glencoe,  a  village  and  landing  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  from  Arkansas  City,  Ark. 

Glencoe,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  in  a 
valley  on  the  Meramec  River  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  Catholic  pro- 
tectorate for  boys. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  about  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Glencoe,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Glencoe,  a  post- village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  several  general  stores. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

Glencoe,  a  station  in  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Connellsville  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of 
Cumberland,  Md. 

Glencoe,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Padu- 
oah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  ha« 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  Roaring 
Falls  Post-Office. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  on  Chambers 
Creek,  24  miles  from  Ennis  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Glencoe,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  in  Glencoe 
township,  on  the  Trempealeau  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.W. 
of  La  Crosse.     The  township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  785. 

Glencoe,  glfin^ko',  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co..  On 
tario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Canada  Air-Line,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  It  has 
a  large  trade  in  grain,  lumber,  Ac,  and  contains  about  a 
dozen  stores,  several  mills  and  factories,  and  a  printing- 
office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  700. 

Glencoe  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Glen^cove',  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hempstead  A  Glencove  Branch  of  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  1 
mile  from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  corn-starch  factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 

Glen^dale',  a  post-office  of  Fremont  oo.,  CoL 

Glendale,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Pope  co..  111.,  about 
48  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo'. 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  S.E.  of 
Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Fair- 
field. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Glendale,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lecompton. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Louis- 
ville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  classical  academy. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Stockbridge  township,  on  the  Housatonio  River  and  Housa- 
tonic  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Great  Barrington,  and  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield.    It  has  a  paper-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Waverly  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Paw  Paw.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  100. 

Glendale,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  423. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  1  mile  from  Helena,  Ark. 

Glendale,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana. 
It  has  several  hotels.     Pop.  about  500. 


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1276 


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Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  7  mllee 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Lowville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glendale,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from 
Eirkwood  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  contains  the  Glendale  Female  College,  and 
7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1444. 

Glendale«  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    See  Glenfield. 

Glendale^  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  White 
township,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill. 

Glendale^  a  village  in  Burrillville  township,  Kent  oo., 
R.I.,  1  mile  from  Oakland,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  241. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  in 
Spartanburg  township.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Glendale,  a  station  in  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Nashville  to  Hickman,  Ky.,  4  miles  W.  of  Kings- 
ton Springs. 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  oo.,  Utah,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  the  Virgin  River,  about  40  miles  B.  of  Toquerville. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo..  Wis.,  in  Glen- 
dale township,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 79  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1297. 

Glendale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  macaroni,  wire,  and 
marble. 

Glendalough,  gl£n-dal'iih,  lake  and  valley,  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  of  AVicklow,  24  miles  S.  of  Dublin.  >  The  valley 
is  famous  for  its  wild  grandeur  and  interesting  ruins. 

Glen'dive,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Dawson  co.,  Mon> 
tana,  78  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Miles  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  &o. 

Glen'don,  a  borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  are  the  extensive  works  of  the  Glendon  Iron  Com- 
pany, and  5  or  6  furnaces  for  pig-iron.     Pop.  707. 

Glendow'er,  a  station  on  the  Mine  Hill  <fc  Schuylkill 
Haven  Railroad,  in  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  i  mile  S.  of  Glen 
Carbon.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Glendower,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton. 

Glen  East'on,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Wheeling. 
It  has  3  general  stores. 

Glen  £'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  oo.,  Washington, 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Olympia. 

Glen  EI'der,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Kansas, 
11  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Beloit.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  407. 

Glen^elg',  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on 
the  coast  opposite  the  Isle  of  Skye.     Pop.  1653. 

Glen^elg',  a  river  of  Northwest  Australia,  falls  into 
Doubtful  Bay.  Length,  from  60  to  70  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gable, and  flows  in  a  fertile  region. 

Glenelg,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia,  after  an  indirect 
S.W.  course  of  200  miles,  reaches  the  sea  at  the  S.W. 
angle  of  the  colony.  It  is  not  navigable,  and  in  times  of 
drought  sometimes  dries  up  altogether. 

Glenelg,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  South  Australia, 
on  Holdfast  Bay,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Adelaide.   Pop.  1324. 

Glen^elg',  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  oo.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Glen^elg',  or  Forks  Middle  River,  a  post-settle- 
ment in  Guysborough  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  47  miles  from  New 
Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Glen  El'len,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal. 

Glen  El'lis  Fall,  the  finest  waterfall  in  the  White 
Mountain  region  of  New  Hampshire,  lies  S.E.  of  Mount 
Washington,  and  4  miles  S.  of  the  Glen  House.  Here  the  Ellis 
River,  after  descending  20  feet  by  a  sharply-inclined  course, 
falls  60  feet  perpendicularly.     It  is  in  a  wild  forest-region. 

Glene'rie,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Saugerties 
township,  on  Esopus  Creek,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Tivoli  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  white  lead. 

Glen  Es'te,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Portsmouth  Railroad. 

Glen  Fawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  27  miles 
B.E.  of  Troup.     It  has  a  church. 

Glen'field,  formerly  Glendale,  a  post-borough  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and 


on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8  niilei 
below  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  718. 

Glen  Flo'ra,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Waukegan. 
Here  is  the  Glen  Flora  Mineral  Spring.  A  commodioua 
hotel  has  been  erected,  and  the  place  is  an  attractive  sum- 
mer resort. 

Glen'ford,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Hopewell 
township,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  t 
Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newark.   It  has  4  churches,  e 

Glenford,  Rhode  Island,  is  now  called  North  Scituatb.  • 

Glen  gad',  a  headland  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  the  W. 
point  of  Culdaff  Bay,  8i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Malin  Head. 

Glen  Gard'ner,  or  Clarks'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Lebanon  township,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  ISi  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  picture-frames,  Ac 
Pop.  about  300. 

Glengar'iff  Harbor,  a  branch  of  Bantry  Bay,  in  Ire- 
land, Munster,  oo.  of  Cork,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  bay,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Bantry. 

Glengar'ry,  a  beautiful  valley  of  Scotland,  co.  of  In- 
verness, about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Augustus.  It  con 
tains  a  fine  lake,  with  a  castle  of  the  MacDonalds. 

Glengar'ry,  a  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  Ontario, 
having  the  St.  Lawrence  for  its  S.E.  boundary.  Area,  462 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Mon- 
treal &  Ottawa  Junction  Railways.  Chief  town,  Cornwall. 
Pop.  20,524. 

Glengarry,  a  post-village  in  Piotou  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Middle  River,  80  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Halifax.     P.  150. 

Glengar'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  oo..  Neb.,  about 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  is  9  miles  S.E.  of  Geneva. 

Glengary)  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  1: 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Glen  Grouse,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Glen  Hall,  a  village  of  Wayne  township,  Tippe  anoe 
00.,  Ind.,  at  West  Point  Station  on  the  Wabash  RailroivJ 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette,  and  1  mile  from  the  villagt 
of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grain-elevator. 

Glen  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &,  Reading  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Chadd's  Ford. 

Glen'ham,  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Fishkill  Creek,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Newburg,  and 
about  62  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  3  churches,  » 
union  free  school,  a  woollen-factory,  a  moquet-tapestry  fac- 
tory, and  a  carpet-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Glen  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Traverse 
City.     It  has  a  store,  and  a  dock  at  which  firewood  is  shi])ped. 

Glen  Haven,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  southeast  end  of 
Skaneateles  Lake,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has 
a  hotel  and  several  cottages. 

Glen  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in  Glen 
Haven  township,  and  on  the  Aussissippi  River,  opposite  and 
3  miles  E.  of  Guttenberg  Station,  Iowa,  and  about  40  milei 
above  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  163:  of  the  township,  1144. 

Glen  Head,  a  post-office  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Glen  Cove  Branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  26  milei 
N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Glen  Hope,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  oo.,  Pa.,  or 
Clearfield  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Altoona.     It  ha« 
churches,  a  public  school,  and  mines  of  coal  and  beds  of 
fire-clay  and  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  286. 

Glen  Hu'ron,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  oo.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.  of  Collingwood.  It  contains  a  store  and  a  flouring- 
miU.     Pop.  100. 

Glen  Ju'lia,  a  post-office  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensaoola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Quincy. 

Glen  Loch,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  in  East  Whiteland  township,  25 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  a  coaling-  and  water-station  for  freight  trains. 

Glen  Loch,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Glen^nce',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  on 
Luce  Bay,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stranraer.  Pop.  899.  Glen- 
luce  Abbey,  now  a  spacious  ruin,  was  founded  in  1190. 

Glenly'on,  a  fine  mountain  vale  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Perth,  extending  along  the  river  Lyon,  W.  of  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  for  28  miles.     It  has  much  romantic  scenery. 

Glenly'on,  or  Balakla'va,  a  post-village  in  Bruo« 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  * 
miles  N.W.  of  Elora.     Pop.  150. 

Glen  Ma'jor,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontaric,  4 


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1277 


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ilea  S.S.B.  of  Uxbridge.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  hotels 
store,  2  large  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
K)r-factory.     Pop.  123. 

Glenmere,  gl4n-meer',  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  1 
lie  from  Lynn,  on  Flax  Pond.  It  haa  a  church  and 
anufactures  of  shoes  and  soap, 

,  Glen  MillS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  in 
hornbury  township,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
ailroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
lurch  and  a  manufactory  of  paper  for  bank-notes  and 
ivenue  stamps  of  the  United  States. 
Glen  Moore,  a  post-village  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Wal- 
oe  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  Brandywine  Creek, 
lid  on  the  Waynesburg  Branch  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  by 
j.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
I  Glen^more',  a  vale  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Moray  and  In- 
irness,  on  the  Spey,  containing  extensive  fir  forests  of  the 
uk»  of  Richmond. 

iGlen^more%  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Ware  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
itlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Tebeauville. 
Glenmore,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Anns- 
lie  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a 
ist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Glenmore,  a  hamlet  of  Georgetown  co,,  S.C,  on  the 
reat  Pedee  River,  16  miles  by  land  N.N.E.  of  Georgetown, 
has  a  manufactory  of  naval  stores  and  shingles. 
Glenraore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Ya.,  15 
ilea  S.E.  of  Rockfish  Depot.  It  has  a  church. 
Glenmore,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1073. 
Glen  Mor'ris,  a  hamlet  on  the  Western  Maryland 
ailroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  1  mile 
}m  Reisterstown.  It  has  a  tannery,  station,  and  8  houses, 
ore  is  Emory  Grove  Post-Ofl&ce. 

Glen  Mor'ris,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co,,  Ontario,  on 
rand  River,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gait.    It  contains  a  woollen- 
ill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  250. 
Glenn,  a  post-ofiice  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas. 
Glenn,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co,,  Mich. 
Glenn,  a  post-settlement  of  McKean  co,,  Pa.,  6  miles 
|.N.E.  of  Turtle  Point  Station,     Oil  is  found  near  it. 
I  Glenn  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
id  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  14 
jUes  N,E,  of  Washington,  D.C. 

I  Glen  Ne'vis,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
\i  miles  W.  of  Coteau  Station.     Pop.  100. 
Glennie  (gldn'nee)  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small  islands 
rthe  S.  coast  of  Australia,  in  Bass's  Strait,  in  lat.  39°  12' 
,  Ion,  146°  15'  E. 

Glenn's,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va. 
Glenn's  Falls,  New  York.    See  Glens  Falls. 
Glenn  Springs,  a  post- village  in  Glenn  Spring  town- 
lip,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Spartanburg 
burt-House.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring  and  a  place  of  re- 
^rt  for  invalids.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1814. 
i  Glenn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co,,  Tenn, 
Glenn's  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind., 
|i  Perry  township,  5  miles  from  Southport  Station.     It  has 
j  flour-mill  and  a  church. 

{  Glenn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Barbour  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
p  miles  N.  of  Eufaula. 
Glennville,  a  post-office  of  Kern  oo,,  Cal. 
I  Glen  of  the  Horse,  a  great  ravine  of  Ireland,  co. 
r  Kerry,  on  the  side  of  Mangerton  Mountain,  5  miles  S. 
c  Killarney, 

■  Gleno'Ia,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co,,  N.C. 
j  Glen  Old'en,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo..  Pa.,  on 
pe  Philadelphia,   Wilmington   &   Baltimore   Railroad,   8 
iiles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 
I  Glen  Ono'ko,  Carbon  co..  Pa.  (Onoko  Station),  is  a 
lace  of  resort  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W. 
f  Mauch  Chunk.     It  is  a  mountain-ravine  in  which  a  creek 
f  torrent  descends  about  900  feet  by  a  series  of  cascades. 
I  Gleno'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
f.  of  Beloit.     It  has  2  churches, 
Glenora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W. 
lore  of  Seneca  Lake,  8  miles  N.  of  Watkins,  and  i  mile 
"om  Big  Stream  Station,     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  man- 
factory  of  grape-boxes. 

Glenora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co,,  Pa.,  in  Parker 
|)wnship,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Parker  City.  It  has  a  ohuroh. 
j  Glenora,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 
,  Glen  Rid'dle,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo..  Pa.,  in 
jliddletown  township,  on  Chester  Creek,  and  on  the  West 
^ihester  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  16  miles  W.S.W,  of  Phila- 
delphia, It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
jt  has  a  convent,  and,  including  the  adjacent  hamlets  of 
Uewellyn,  Crozerville,  and  Rockdale,  it  has  4  churches. 


Glen  Rock,  a  post-offioe  of  Nemaha  co,,  Neb.,  about  18 
miles  S,  of  Nebraska  City. 

Glen  Rock,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa,,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S,  of  York,  and  42 
miles  N,  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  car-shop,  and  macufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  ropes,  cigars,  sash,  doors,  <fco,  P.  (1890)  687. 

Glen  Rose,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somervell  co., 
Tex,,  45  miles  S.S.W,  of  Fort  Worth,  near  the  Brazos  River, 
It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  tannery.     Pop,  in  1890,  400. 

Glen  Roy,  Howard  co.,  Iowa.     See  Liue  Spring. 

Glen  Roy,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Nottingham  Railroad  Station. 

Glens'dale,  a  village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Black 
River,  and  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  51  miles 
N,  by  W,  of  Utica,     It  has  a  church. 

Glens  Falls,  or  Glenn's  Falls,  a  post-village  in 
Queensbury  township,  Warren  co.,  N,Y.,  on  the  Hudson 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Rail- 
road (connecting  with  the  main  line  at  Fort  Edward),  60 
miles  by  rail  N,  of  Albany,  22  miles  S,S,W.  of  Whitehall, 
18  miles  N.N.E,  of  Saratoga  Springs,  and  9  miles  S.  of 
Lake  George.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here 
falls  about  50  feet  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  The 
village  contains  11  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  academy, 
a  union  graded  school,  and  several  saw-mills  and  machine- 
shops.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  A  quarry  of  fine  black  marble  has  been  opened  at 
this  place.  Its  trade  is  facilitated  by  the  Champlain  Canal, 
Pop. in  1890,  9509. 

Glen's  Fork,  Adair  co.,  Ky.    See  Glenville. 

Glen  Shar'rald,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co,,  Kansas. 

Glen'shaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  In 
Shaler  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  New  Castle  &  Lake  Erie 
Railroad,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  It  has  a  coal- 
mine, a  flour-mill,  and  a  fire-brick-factory. 

Glen  Station,  a  post-office  of  Alcorn  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Corinth. 

Glen  Snt'ton,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Richford,  Vt,     Pop,  200. 

Glen  Tay,  or  Ad'amsville,  a  post-village  in  Lanark 
CO,,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Tay,  4  miles  from  Perth,  It  con- 
tains several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  large  woollen-factory,  a 
tannery,  and  2  stores.     Pop,  250. 

Glen'ties,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Donegal.     Pop,  597. 

Glent'worth,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Port  Carbon.     Coal  is  here  mined. 

Glen  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa,,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N,W.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Glen'vale,  or  BalMynahinch',  a  post-village  in 
Frontenac  co,,  Ontario,  7  miles  N.W,  of  Kingston.     P.  150. 

Glen'ville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co,,  Conn.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  2i  miles  from  Port  Chester,  N.Y. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  482. 

Glenville,  a  hamlet  of  Adair  co,,  Ky,,  47  miles  S.  of 
Lebanon.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  Here  is  Glen's 
Fork  Post-Office. 

Glenville,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky,,  10  miles  S,E.  of 
Maysville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Cabin  Creek  Post 
Office. 

Glenville,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  oo.,  Ky,,  4i  miles  S.W. 
of  Lewis  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  about  50. 

Glenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Glenville,  or  Good  Luck,  a  hamlet  of  Prince 
George's  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad, 
about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Glenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  11  miles 
E.  of  Como.     It  has  a  church. 

Glenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Neb.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Hastings. 
It  has  a  church. 

Glenville,  a  post-village  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Glenville  township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Mohawk  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2835. 

Glenville,  a  post- village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  East 
Cleveland  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles 
E,N.E.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  about  I OOU. 

Glenville,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg.  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  W,  of  Bucyrus,  0. 


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GleiiTille,a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bach- 
man's  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Valley  Junction.  It 
has  a  church,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Glenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gilmer  co.,  W. 
Va.,  is  on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  46  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Parkersburg,  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  normal  school,  and  a  public  school. 

Glen^white',  a  hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Logan 
township,  2  miles  from  Kittanning  Point.  It  has  a  coal- 
mine and  a  lumber-mill. 

Glen  Wild,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Thompson  township,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Centreville  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Glen  Wil'liam,  or  Wil'liamsbnrg,  a  post-village 
in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Credit,  li  miles  from 
Georgetown.  It  contains  grist-,  saw-,  and  woollen-mills,  a 
woollen-batting  factory,  a  shingle-factory,  and  several  stores 
and  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Glen'wood,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Cook  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes  (Chicago  A  Eastern 
Illinois)  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  several 
stores  and  other  business  oonoerns. 

Glenwood,  or  Pitchin,  a  village  of  Iroquois  oo., 
HI.,  in  Ash  Grove  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Watseka.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Here  is 
Ash  Grove  Post-OflSce.     Pop.  about  200. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  !n  Union 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Rushville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mills  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Glenwood  township,  on  Keg  Creek,  and  on  the  Burlington 
<fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Council 
Bluffs,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plattsmouth,  Neb.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  national  banks, 
2  newspaper  oflBoes,  a  canning- factory,  a  barrel-factory, 
lumber-mills,  an  elevator,  and  fruit-nurseries.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1890 ;  of  the  township,  2727. 

Glenwood,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1253.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Tipper  Iowa  River. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Shawnee  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Soott  & 
Gnlf  Railroad,  at  Shawnee  Station,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Olathe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Glenwood,  post-township,  Aroostook  oo..  Me.    P.  185. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Howard  oo.,  Md.,  about 
2S  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Glenwood 
Institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Glenwood,  formerly  East  Med'ford,  a  post-village 
of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Medford  township,  on  the  Med- 
ford  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  5  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  nearly  100  houses,  including 
residences  of  many  persons  doing  business  in  Boston. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Niles.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pope  co.,  Minn., 
is  finely  situated  in  Glenwood  township,  on  Lake  Whipple 
(10  miles  in  length),  about  18  miles  S.  of  Alexandria,  and 
Ji'5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  pop- factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  627. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.,  in 
Glenwood  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Lancaster,  and  58  miles 
N.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-factory,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1101.  Glenwood  Station  on  the 
last-mentioned  road  is  2  miles  S.  of  Glenwood  Junction. 

Glenwood,  formerly  Row'antown,  a  hamlet  of 
Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Haddon  township,  on  the  Camden  A 
Atlantic  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Sussex 
CO.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from  Pine  Island  Station  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  creamery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Caze- 
nove  Creek,  in  Colden  township,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Buffalo.     It  has  a  church  and  3  saw-mills. 

Glenwood,. a  station  in  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  of  Yonkers. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  46  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Marietta. 

Glenwood,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
MoDongahela  River,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  iron-  and  steel-works. 


Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  Tunkhannock  Creek,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Nicholson,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  saw-mills. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  12  milei 
N.E.  of  Gladewater  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  6  milei 
E.  of  Richfield,  and  2  miles  from  Sevier  River.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  fur- 
nace for  pig-iron. 

GlenAVOod,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Milton  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  60 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  spokes,  hubs,  sleigh-runners,  Ac.     Pop.  1656. 

Glenwood  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gar 
field  CO.,  Col.,  89  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Grand  Junction. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  920. 

Glevum,  the  ancient  name  of  Gloucester. 

Glid'den,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  25  mile* 
by  rail  W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1890,  532 

Glimp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Covin^on  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Glin,  a  town  of  beland,  co.  of  Limerick,  on  the  Shan 
non,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  883. 

Glina,  glee'ni,  a  fortified  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  Glina, 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Karlstadt.     Pop.  1810. 

Gliniany,  gle-ne-&'nee,  almost  gleen-y&'nee,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Galioia,  25  miles  E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  3316. 

Gliniany,  a  small  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
of  Radom,  18  miles  N.  of  Sandomier. 

Glit'ness,  one  of  the  smaller  Shetland  Isles,  6  mile) 
N.E.  of  Lerwick. 

Globe,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Pinal  oo., 
Arizona,  in  the  Pinal  Mountains,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Florence. 
Here  are  rich  ores  of  silver  and  copper,  with  oocasional 
planchat  or  large  nuggets  of  metallic  silver.  P.  nbout  lOOn. 

Globe,  a  village  in  Thornton  township,  Cook  co..  111., 
on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indiana  Central  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago.  Here  are  extensive  fat- 
rendering  works,  where  offal  and  dead  animals  from  Chicago 
and  the  stock-yards  are  utilized. 

Globe,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  oo.,  N.C.  I 

Globe,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  the 
larger  village  of  Woonsocket.     Pop.  3140. 

Globe  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn. 

Globe  Village,  a  post-village  in  Southbridge  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on 
a  branch  of  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  i  mile 
from  Southbridge,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester. 
Here  are  manufactures  of  de  laines,  the  works  of  the  Hamilton 
Woollen  Company,  the  Hamilton  Print  Works,  and  the  nailb  . 
of  the  Columoian  Manufacturing  Company.  ' 

Glocester,  glSs'tf  r,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
bounded  W.  by  the  Connecticut  line.  Pop.  2098.  It  cob- 
tains  Harmony  and  Chepachet. 

Glockner,  Austria.     See  Gross  Glockxer. 

Glocknitz,  glAk'nits,  written  also  Gloggnitz,glog 
nits,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  42  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  1961. 

Glogan,  glo'gSw,  or  Gross  Glogan,  groce  glo'gSw, 
sometimes  written  Glogaw,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  > 
Liegnitz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Oder,  the  town  being  con- 
nected by  a  wooden  bridge  with  the  Dom  Insel,  or  Cathedral 
Island,  in  the  Oder,  which  is  separately  fortified.  Besides 
its  cathedral,  Glogau  has  many  other  churches,  a  synagogue, 
a  citadel  with  a  large  garrison,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  school 
of  midwifery,  with  manufactures  of  beet-root  sugar,  to- 
bacco, paper,  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  straw  hats,  and 
a  considerable  corn-market.     Pop.  in  1890,  20,486. 

Glogau,  or  Ober- Glogau,  o'b^r-glo'gSw,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a  railway,  23  miles  S.  of  Oppeln,  <"i 
the  Hotzenplotz.     Pop.  4791. 

Gloggnitz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Glocknitz. 

Glogovatz,  glo'go-vit8\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  4 
miles  from  Arad,  on  the  Maros.  Pop.  3689.  It  is  built  out 
of  the  ruins  of  the  old  town  of  Orod,  which  was  founded  ^' 
the  Emperor  Probus  in  277  and  destroyed  by  the  Tartars- 

Glomel,  glo^mfil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cates-au 
Nord,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guingamp.  Pop.  300 ;  of  tb« 
commune,  3552. 


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Glominen,  glorn'm^n,  almost  glfim'm^n,  the  principal 
k'er  of  Norway,  rises  in  the  Dovrefield  table-land,  70  miles 
1  of  Trondhjem,  flows  generally  S.,  traverses  the  Oieren 
t.ke,  and  enters  the  Skager-Raok  at  Frederioksstad,  50  miles 
>E.  of  Christiania.  Length,  280  miles. 
Glons,  gl6Ns,  a  Tillage  of  Belgium,  province  and  7  miles 
f  rail  N.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2700. 

^GlookhoT,  Glonkhov,  Glouchov,  or  Glnchow* 
:oo-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  130  miles 
LN.E.  of  Chernigov.  It  is  enclosed  by  earth  ramparts, 
ad  has  several  churches  and  convents,  with  3  annual  fairs, 
^d  a  large  trade  in  com  and  spirits.  It  was  formerly  the 
tsidence  of  the  Cossack  hetman  and  of  the  governors  of 
iittle  Russia.     Pop.  13,398. 

,  Glop'pen,  a  village  of  Norway,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
lergen,  on  a  fiord  of  the  same  name.  Pop.  3350. 
{  Glorio'sa  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Mozambique 
hannel,  100  miles  from  the  N.  extremity  of  Madagascar. 
JGlos'sop,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
b  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manchester.  The  town  consists  of  2 
prtions,  called  the  new  and  the  old  town :  the  former  is 
[regularly  built,  and  the  latter  contains  many  respectable 
lops  and  dwellings.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  market-house, 
la  endowed  school,  and  a  savings-bank,  and  is  a  seat  of  the 
Jt  ton-manufacture.  There  are  also  woollen-  and  paper- 
lills,  dyeing-,  bleaching-,  and  print-works,  and  iron- 
Mindries.     Pop.  in  1891,  22,414. 

(  Glos'ter,  an  enterprising  post-town  of  Amite  co..  Miss., 
h  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railway,  91 
llles  S.  of  Vicksburg,  and  55  miles  N.  of  Baton  Rouge, 
[a.  It  is  on  the  divide  between  the  branches  of  the  Mis- 
jsnppi  and  Amite  Rivers.  It  has  several  churches, 
I  cotton-ginning  establishment,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  general 
teres,  and  numerous  other  business  concerns.  Pop.  in 
?t0,  1142. 

\  iJloucester,  or  Gloucestershire,  glos't^r-shjr,  a 
li  nty  of  England,  in  its  W.  part,  bordering  on  the  estu- 
h    of  the  Severn.     Area,  1258  square  miles.     It  has  3 
kmral  divisions:   the  E.  being  the  Cotswold  Hills,  the 
pldle  forming  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Severn  and  its 
maents,  and  the  division  W.  of  the  Severn   consisting 
lostly  of  the  Forest  of  Dean.    Chief  rivers,  the  Severn, 
jpper  and  Lower  Avon,  Wye,  and  Isis.     In  the  hills, 
dtep-farming  is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.     The  vale 
?  ;he  Severn,  once  famous  for  vineyards,  is  now  equally  so 
*r  its  corn-lands,  orchards,  and  gardens.     Chief  minerals, 
!)al  and  iron  ore,  extensively  worked  in  the  forest  district. 
a])ital,  Gloucester.    This  county  has  extensive  manufac- 
kres;  and  many  railway  lines  traverse  it.     Pop.  672,438. 
\  Gloucester,  pronounced  and  often  written  Glos'ter 
iao.  Gle'vum),  a  city,  county  of  itself,  and  river-port  of 
jnjland,  capital  of  the  county  of  Gloucester,  on  the  E. 
kiik  of  the  Severn,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bristol,  and  8  miles 
f  .i3.W.  of  Cheltenham,  at  a  railway  junction.     It  occupies 
I  slight  eminence  beside  the  Severn,  where  it  divides  to 
iiclose  the  island  of  Alney,  each  of  the  two  channels  being 
re  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge.     It  has  four  principal 
oroughfares,  crossing  at  right  angles,  and  on  its  S.  side  is 
handsome  suburb.    The  cathedral,  formerly  the  church 
a  rich  Benedictine  abbey,  and  built  in  1047,  is  one  of 
e  finest  in  England ;  it  possesses  a  square  tower  223  feet 
height,  stalls  of  fine  workmanship,  and  the  tombs  of  Ed- 
lard  II.  and  Robert,  Duke  of  Normandy.    Several  of  the 
arish  churches  are  handsome.     Other  chief  buildings  are 
^e  episcopal  palace,  shire  hall,  city  hall,  county  infirmary, 
;inatio  asylum,  jail,  market-house,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
jad  pump-room  over  a  spa  said  to  exceed  that  of  Chelten- 
am  in  the  efiBcacy  of  its  waters,  a  grammar-school  with 
Khibitions  to  Pembroke  College,  Oxford,  a  hospital,  a  blue- 
pat  school,  and  another  charity  school.      Gloucester  has 
kanufactures  of  saddles,  gloves,  sail-cloth,  cordage,  iron- 
are,  cutlery,  soap,  pins,  Ac.   By  the  Berkeley  Canal,  vessels 
'  upwards  of  500  tons  ascend  to  the  city.    It  has  docks  and 
stensive  wharves,  and  a  trade  in  timber,  corn,  Ac,  and 
nports  merchandise  from  the  West  Indies  and  the  Baltic, 
louoester   has   returned  two  members  to  the  House  of 
ommons  since  the  time  of  Edward  I.     Olevum,  said  to  be 
erived  from  the  British  Gaer-Olow,  "the  fair  city,"  was 
place  of  importance  when  made  a  Roman  station  under 
laudins,  a.d.  44;  and  throughout  the  Saxon  and  Norman 
jeriods  it  retained  a  large  share  of  consequence.     Its  bish- 
pric,  founded  by  Henry  VIII.,  was  united  with  that  of 
jristol  in  1836.     Its  neighborhood  abounds  in  fine  scenery 
nd  the  residences  of  wealthy  citizens.     P.  (1891)  39,444. 
1  Gloncester,  glos'ter,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
ew  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  326  square  miles.     It  is 
landed  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the 


N.E.  by  Big  Timber  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  b/ 
Maurice  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  but 
the  N.W.  part  contains  much  clay  and  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  hay,  wheat,  sweet  potatoes,  and  Irish  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products,  the  growth  of  sweet  potatoes 
(nearly  1,000,000  bushels)  being  in  some  seasons  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  county  of  the  United  States.  It 
has  valuable  beds  of  marl.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Dela- 
ware River  Railroad,  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  and  by  two 
branches  of  the  latter.  Capital,  Woodbury.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,562  ;  in  1880,  25,886  ;  in  1890,  28,649. 

Gloucester,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  245  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Plankatank  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  York  River.  The  surface  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  moderately  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Many 
oysters  and  fish  are  procured  in  the  bay  and  river  by  the 
inhabitants  of  this  county.  Capital,  Gloucester  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,211 ;  in  1880,  11,876 ;  in  1890, 
11,653, 

Gloucester,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  is  situated  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Ann,  and  is  connected  by  rail- 
road with  the  principal  cities  and  towns  of  the  seaboard 
and  interior.  It  is  beautifully  situated  and  handsomely 
and  compactly  built.  It  contains  20  churches  (1  Epis- 
copal, 4  Congregational,  2  Baptist,  4  Methodist,  1  Unita- 
rian, 3  Roman  Catholic,  and  5  Universalist),  4  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  3  insurance  ofiBces,  and  gas-  and  electric- 
light  companies.  Three  newspapers  (two  daily  and  one 
weekly)  are  published  here.  The  interests  of  Gloucester 
are  almost  entirely  commercial.  It  has  a  greater  amount 
of  tonnage  employed  in  the  domestic  fisheries  than  any 
other  town  in  the  United  States,  amounting  to  some  35,000 
tons,  the  number  of  vessels  being  over  400,  and  the  "  catch" 
amounting  in  some  seasons  to  10,000,000  pounds.  The 
number  of  men  employed  in  the  cod-  and  mackerel-fisheries 
is  about  5000.  There  are  about  40  firms  engaged  in  fitting 
out  vessels.  Of  the  ports  of  Massachusetts,  only  Boston,  it 
is  said,  surpasses  Gloucester  in  foreign  imports,  which  are 
limited  to  salt  for  use  in  the  fisheries  from  Liverpool  and 
Cadiz,  and  coals,  wood,  and  lumber  from  the  British  Prov- 
inces. The  only  other  important  industries  are  a  large 
granite-trade,  the  ledges  of  the  town  furnishing  much  valu- 
able material  for  building-purposes,  and  the  building  of 
schooners  for  the  fishing-  and  coasting-trade.  The  harbor 
of  Gloucester  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  coast,  and  is  acces- 
sible at  all  seasons  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  Glouces- 
ter was  occupied  as  a  fishing-station  as  early  as  1624,  being 
the  first  settlement  made  on  the  N.  shore  of  Massachusetts 
Bay.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1642,  and  became 
a  city  in  1874.  Pop.  in  1850,  7786;  in  1860,  10,904;  in 
1880,  19,329;  in  1890,  24,657. 

Gloucester,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N..J.  Pop. 
2710.     It  contains  Black woodtown,  Chew's  Landing,  Ac. 

Gloucester,  glos'ter,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  bor- 
dering on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs. 
Area,  1684  square  miles.  The  surface  is  extremely  diversi- 
fied with  mountains  and  rivers,  and  on  its  coasts  are  nu- 
merous islands,  the  principal  of  which  are  Shippegan  and 
Miscou.  Great  Shippegan  Harbor,  comprising  three  commo- 
dious harbors,  and  Little  Shippegan  and  Bathurst  Harbors, 
are  in  this  county.  Into  the  lititter  flow  three  large  rivers. 
Ship-building  is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent,  and 
there  is  a  large  export  trade  in  lumber,  deals,  fish,  Ac.  The 
Intercolonial  Railway  traverses  the  county.  Capital,  Bath- 
urst.    Pop.  18,810. 

Gloucester  City,  a  post-town  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden,  Gloucester  A 
Mount  Ephraim  Railroad  and  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
3  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  city  hall,  a  newspaper  ofQoe,  iron-works,  exten- 
sive manufactories  of  cotton,  and  gas-works  and  terra- 
cotta works.  It  is  connected  by  steam-ferry  with  Phila- 
delphia. Ginghams,  print-cloths,  and  calicoes  are  made 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  3682;  in  1880,  6347 ;  in  1890,  6564. 

Gloucester  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capita* 
of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  on  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay, 
about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  an  academy  and 
a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  about  126. 

Gloucester  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  small 
island  in  lat.  19°  7'  S.,  Ion.  l^O"  37'  W. 

Gloucester  Point,  Mass.     See  Eastern  Poihi. 
Gloucester  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  ooi, 
Va.,  on  York  River,  opposite  Yorktown. 


IjLiO 


1280 


GOA 


Gloucestershire)  England.    See  Gloucester. 

GlouchoT,  or  Gloukhov*  Russia.    See  Glookhov. 

Glover,  gliiv'^r,  a  township,  Colleton  co.,  S.C.   P.  1102. 

Glover,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  Glover 
township,  3  miles  from  Barton  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  .  It  has  3  churches,  a  liberal 
institute,  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furni- 
ture, shoes,  harness,  and  boxes.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1890,  970. 

Glover's  Ferry,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Glover's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  a  trade  in  lumber. 

Glov'ersville,  a  city  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayadutta 
Creek,  and  on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  Rail- 
road, 53  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  10  'miles  N.  of  Fonda. 
It  is  the  most  populous  place  in  Fulton  co.,  and  is  noted 
for  the  manufacture  of  glove-  and  shoe-leather.  It  contains 
11  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  union  school,  machine- 
shops,  manufactories  of  gloves  and  mittens,  and  38  leather- 
factories.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,864. 

Glowno,  glov'no,  a  small  town  of  Poland,  government 
and  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  1000. 

GInchov  and  Glnchow,  Russia.     See  Glookhov. 

Gl  licks barg,  gIiiks'bS5RO,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Sleswick,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Flensburg.    Pop.  858. 

Gliickstadt,  gliik'stJLtt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
on  the  Elbe,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg.  It  was  formerly 
important  as  a  fortress ;  but  in  1814  its  defences  were  de- 
molished, and  its  old  arsenal  is  now  used  for  a  prison  and  a 
workhouse.  The  town  is  intersected  by  canals,  but  deficient 
in  good  water.  It  has  a  school  of  navigation  and  several 
other  schools.  It  communicates  by  railway  with  Altona, 
Kiel,  and  Rendsburg,  and  by  steam-packets  with  the 
ports  on  the  Elbe,  and  has  excellent  harbor-works  and  a 
good  trade.     Pop.  6031. 

Glniras,  gl  wee  Vis',  a  village  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  332. 

Glnrns,  gloonns,  called  also  Glnrentz,  gloo'rfints,  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Adige,  40  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Botzen.     Pop.  727. 

Gly,  a  river  of  France.    See  Aglt. 

Glyde,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Monaghan, 
flows  southeastward,  and  enters  Dundalk  Bay  conjointly 
with  the  Dee. 

Gly'mont,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  about  20  miles 
below  Washington. 

Glymph'ville,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on 
Broad  River,  1  mile  from  Strother  Station. 

Glyii,  or  Glynn,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Car- 
marthen, 4i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Llanelly.     Pop.  868. 

Glyn-Con'non,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan, 6  miles  S.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil. 

Glyn'don,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  311. 

Glyndon,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  Buffalo 
River,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Moorhead,  and  274  miles  W. 
of  Duluth.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  275. 

Glyndon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil 
Creek,  and  on  the  Titusville  &  Buffalo  Valley  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Corry.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Glynn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  has  an  area  of  about  427  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Altamaha  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests  of  small  pine-trees.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  in  some 
parts  swampy.  Rice  is  the  staple  product.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad  and  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad.  Capital,  Brunswick.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5376;  in  1880,  6497;  in  1890,  13.420. 

Glynn'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in 
Moulton  township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  A  Louisville  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Glyn-Taff,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan, 5  miles  W.  of  Caerphilly.     Pop.  2976. 

Gmiind,  g'miint,  or  Gmilnden,  g'miin'd^n,  an  old 
walled  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Rems,  29 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  numerous  churches,  a 
fine  town  hall,  asylums  for  the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes,  a 
normal  and  Latin  schools,  and  manufactures  of  jewelry, 
wooden-wares,  and  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  12,838. 

Gmiinden,  g'ralin'd^n,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  capi- 
tal  of   the  Salz-Kammergut,  situated   among   the    finest 


scenery  in  Austria,  on  the  river  and  Lake  of  Traun  (or 
Gmiinden-See),  36  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lintz.  It  has  » 
depdt  for  the  salt  of  the  neighboriHg  mines,  is  a  port  for  the 
steam-packets  on  the  lake,  and  is  much  frequented  for  it* 
salt  baths.     Pop.  1408. 

Gmiinden-See,  Austria.    See  Traun. 

Gnadau,  gn&'dSw,  a  village  and  Moravian  settlement 
of  Prussian  Saxony,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.   P.  567. 

Gnadenau,  gn&'d§n-5w,  a  Mennonite  village  of  Marion 
CO.,  Kansas,  11  miles  from  Peabody.  It  has  a  church,  the 
members  of  which  are  immigrants  from  Russia.     Pop.  300, 

Gnadenhiitten,  gni'd§n-huH§n,  a  post-village  of 
Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  the  Ohio 
Canal,  and  the  Pittsburg  A  Columbus  Railroad,  94  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  478.  Gnadenhiitten  ("tectj 
of  grace")  was  once  a  village  of  Christian  Indians  under 
Moravian  instruction.  On  March  8,  1782,  100  of  these  In- 
dians were  murdered  by  a  party  of  white  settlers. 

Gnadenthal,  gni'd^n-tir,  a  Moravian  missionary 
station  of  South  Africa,  70  mfles  E.S.E.  of  Cape  Town. 

Gnesen,  gni'z^n  (Polish,  Gniezno,  gne-4z'no),  a  tow» 
of  Prussia,  province  of  Posen,  at  a  railway  junction,  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Posen.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, several  convents,  and  a  diocesan  school,  it  being  the 
see  of  the  archbishop  primate  of  Prussian  Poland.  It  hu 
also  breweries,  distilleries,  and  wooUen-  and  linen-milU. 
Pop.  11,206. 

Gnezda,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Eniesen. 

Gniewkowo,  gneev-ko'vo,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince and  72  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1774. 

Gnoien,  gnoi'fn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  25  miles  N.E.  of  GUstrow.     Pop.  3311. 

Goa,  a  part  of  Araoan.     See  Ghoa. 

Go'a  (anc.  Govay  t),  a  fortified  maritime  city  of  the  Por- 
tuguese dominions  in  the  East,  on  an  island  at  the  montb 
of  the  Mandona  River,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  250  mile* 
E.S.E.  of  Bombay.  Lat.  15°  28'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  73°  51'  2"  E. 
Pop.  about  4000.  It  was  a  city  of  churches,  their  architec- 
ture far  surpassing  in  grandeur  and  taste  that  of  any  othen 
built  by  Europeans  in  the  East.  The  chapel  of  the  palace 
was  built  after  the  model  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome ;  the  church 
of  St.  Dominic  was  adorned  with  paintings  by  the  Italian 
masters ;  that  of  the  Jesuits  contained  the  fine  tomb  of  St 
Francis  Xavier;  the  cathedral  would  be  worthy  of  any  city 
of  Europe;  the  Augustine  church  and  convent  were  alw 
noble  structures ;  the  viceroy's  palace,  and  the  building  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  Inquisition,  have  long  been  unoccu- 
pied. It  was  held,  with  its  territory,  by  the  English  from 
1807  to  1815.  The  importance  of  Goa  has  gone  by;  the 
public  buildings  have  gone  to  decay,  or  have  been  removed 
to  New  Goa,  or  Panjim.     See  Panjim. 

Goa,  a  territory  of  India,  belonging  to  Portugal,  on  the 
•Malabar  coast.  Lat.  14°  54'-15°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  45'-74'' 
26'  E.  Area,  with  Salsette  and  other  small  dependencies, 
1389  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful  region,  and  yields  » 
small  revenue  to  the  mother-country.  Capital,  Panjim,  or 
New  Goa.     Pop.  392,239. 

Goack,  go'ik',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Celebes,  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  immediately  S.  of  Macassar.  See  alw> 
Macassar. 

Goahati,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Gowhatty. 

Goajira,  go'4-Hee'ri,  a  peninsula  of  South  America, 
forming  the  W.  headland  of  Lake  Maracaybo.  It  is  trav- 
ersed  by  the  Oca  Mountains,  an  arm  of  the  Andes.  W.  of 
the  mountains  the  country  belongs  to  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  but  the  eastern  slope  belongs  to  Venezuela  and 
constitutes  the  territory  of  Goajira, — area,  2498  square  miles, 
pop.  29,263.  The  Colombian  portion  forms  the  national  ter 
ritory  of  Goajira,  with  a' pop.  of  8390. 

Go^alan'da,a  town  of  Bengal,  Fureedpoor  district,  aJ 
the  junction  of  the  main  channels  of  the  Ganges  and  Brah- 
mapootra, 151  miles  by  railway  N.E.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  the 
seat  of  an  important  trade  by  rail  and  river.  Here  are 
extensive  engineering-works  for  the  preservation  of  the 
river-channels.  The  currents  are  here  so  strong  that  the 
most  powerful  steamers  have  sometimes  to  lie  at  the  town 
for  several  days. 

Goalpara,  go-il-pi'ri,  a  district  of  India,  politically 
assigned  to  Bengal,  but  geographically  and  ethnograph- 
ically  a  part  of  Assam.  Area,  4433  square  miles.  It  i» 
encloosed  by  Bootan,  Camroop,  Mymunsingh,  the  Garrow 
Hills,  Rungpoor,  and  Cooch  Bahar,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Brahmapootra.  It  is  very  fertile,  but  hot  and  sickly 
Capital,  Goalpara,  a  town  on  the  Brahmapootra,  85  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Rungpoor.  Pop.  444,761,  including  that  of  tb» 
Eastern  Dwars. 


GOA 


1281 


GOP 


Goands,  a  people  of  India.     See  Gitndwana. 

Goari,  a  town  of  India.     See  KrishnugguS. 

Goat  Island)  in  Newport  harbor,  Rhode  Island,  di- 
rectly in  front  of  the  town.  Fort  Wolcott  is  on  this  island, 
i,nd  on  the  N.  end  is  a  light-house,  exhibiting  a  fixed  light, 
lat.  410  29'  18"  N.,  Ion.  71°  20'  6"  W. 
I  Goat  Island.  See  Niagara  Falls. 
i  Goat  Island,  one  of  the  Philippines,  Strait  of  Manila. 
Lat.  13°  55'  N.;  Ion.  120°  24'  E. 

I    Goat  Island,  or  Poolo  Cambing,  poo'lo  k4m^- 
(jing',  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sumbawa,  Flores  Sea ;  the  N. 

rint  is  in  lat.  8°  7'  S.,  Ion.  118°  46'  18"  E. 
Goat  Islands,  two  steep  islets  off  Terceira,  Azores. 

Goave,  go^4v',  the  name  of  two  towns  of  Hayti,  Le 
iBAND  (Ifh  gr&Na)  GoAVE  being  7  miles  E.  of  Le  Petit  (l^h 
)oh-tee')  GoAVE,  which  is  on  the  Bay  of  Qonaives,  48  miles 
WT.S.W.  of  Port-au-Prince,  with  a  good  harbor  and  an 
kctive  foreign  trade. 

Gobanium,  the  Latin  name  of  Abergavenny. 

Gobi,  go'bee\  Cobi,  or  Shamo,  shi'mo^  {i.e.,  "sea 
>f  sand"),  a  wide  region  of  Central  Asia,  between  lat.  40° 
md  50°  N.  and  Ion.  90°  and  120°  E.,  comprising  a  great 
jart  of  Mongolia  and  Chinese  Toorkistan.  Length,  from  E. 
;o  W.,  about  1200  miles;  breadth  varies  from  500  to  700 
niles.  Its  central  portion  consists  of  a  desert  of  shifting 
lands,  skirted  on  the  N.  and  S.  by  extensive  rooky  or  stony 
(nets,  interspersed  with  some  oases. 

I  Gobleville,  go'bel-vil,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren 
to.,  Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  <fc  South  Haven  Branch  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It 
Bas  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  basket- 
fa  !tory,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  about  600. 
i  Go'bo  Island,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Howe  (which  is 
ih  3  E.  extremity  of  Victoria  colony,  Australia),  has  a  light- 
ocnse  179  feet  above  sea-level.  Pop.  13. 
i  Go^burdan'ga,  or  Ga^bardan'ga,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, 35  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  navigable  river 
fsmuna.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  rice,  jute,  and  sugar,  a 
;o!)d  English  school,  and  a  dispensary.     Pop.  6952. 

Goch,  goK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
junction,  8  miles  S.  of  Cleves,  on  the  Niers.     It  has  manu- 
factures of  needles,  woollens,  cottons,  and  linens.     P.  4380. 
i   Gochop,  or  Gocheb,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Gojeb. 
I   Gochsheim,  goKs'hIme,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
1.8  miles  N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1416. 
I    Gochsheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  near 
Soiweinfurt,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1751. 
1   Gocklingen,  gok'ling-§n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1007. 
I    Goda,  gci'di,  or  Gddau,  go'dSw,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
^  lailes  W.S.W.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  561. 
j  God'alming,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
larigable  river  Wey,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Guildford. 
The  old  Charterhouse  school  has  been  brought  to  this  town. 
?op.  2444. 

I  Godano,  go-di'no,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  13  miles 
i^.W.  of  Spezzia,  near  the  Vera.     Pop.  3986. 
j  Godavery,  go-di'v^r-e,  a  large  river  of  India,  in  the 
beccan,  rises  from  the  West  Ghaut  Mountains  and  Chand- 

toor  Hills,  and  after  a  tortuous  southeastward  course,  esti- 
lated  at  700  miles,  it  divides  into  two  principal  branches, 
ihioh  subdivide  as  they  enter  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  in  lat. 
6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  82°  E.  Its  waters  are  extensively  used  in 
■rigation.  Principal  affluents,  the  Wurdah  and  Manjera. 
j  Godavery,  a  district  of  the  Madras  presidency,  India, 

ii  the  lower  part  of  the  valley  of  the  Godavery.  Area, 
5i>3  square  miles.  Capital,  Raj  ahmundry.  Pop.  1,584,179. 
ee  Upper  Godavery. 
God'bout,  a  post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  in 
aguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
80  miles  E.  of  Tadousac.     Pop.  100. 

Godella,  go-viVjk,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  N.  of  Va- 
sncia.     Pop.  1668. 

Godelleta,  go-DSl-yi'ti,  a  village  of  Spain,  15  miles 
W.  of  Valencia. 

I  Goderich,  g5d'ritoh,  a  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  chief 
iown  of  the  co.  of  Huron,  on  Lake  Huron,  and  at  the  N. 
lerminus  of  the  BuflFalo  A  Goderich  Branch  of  the  Grand 
Prunk  Railway,  160  miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  78  miles 
(I.N.W.  of  London.  It  has  Episcopal,  Roman  Catholic, 
Presbyterian,  and  Methodist  churches,  2  branch  banks, 
everal  hotels,  and  a  number  of  stores;  also  manufac- 
pries  of  woollens,  iron  castings,  machinery,  leather,  boots 
•mi  shoes,  wooden-ware,  Ac,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  8 
(^It-wells.  Goderich  has  communication  by  steamers  with 
iamia  and  Detroit  and  ports  on  Lake  Huron.  It  has  a  good 
larbor,  protected  by  a  pier,  with  a  light-house  at  the  mouth 


of  the  Maitland  River.     Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished in  Goderich.     Pop.  in  1891,  3839. 

Godesberg,go'de8-D5RG\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.E'.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  2304, 
Godewaersvelde,  godVi^^RVfild',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Nord,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Hazebrouck.     Pop.  1675. 

God'frey,  a  station  in  Elbert  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  79  miles  N.W.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Godfrey,  Madison  co..  111.    See  Monticello. 

Godfrey,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Fort  Scott.  It  has  a  church.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are 
shipped  here. 

Godha'ven,  or  more  properly  Godhavn,  god'hSwn 
(i.e.,  "  good  haven"),  a  Danish  colony  on  the  S.W.  part  of 
Disco  Island,  Greenland.     Pop.  260. 

Godhna,  god'ni,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district,  Bengal. 
Pop.  4918. 

Godiasco,  go-de-is'ko  (L.  Godias'cum),  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1775. 

Goding,  gS'ding,  a  town  of  Moravia,  34  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Briinn,  on  the  March,  here  navigable.     Pop.  3703. 

Godjam  and  Godjeb.    See  Go.iam  and  Gojeb. 

God'manchester  (local  pron.  gflm'c^s-ter),  a  munici- 
pal borough  of  England,  co.  and  f  of  a  mile  S.S.E.  of  Hun- 
tingdon, of  which  town  it  is  a  suburb.  It  is  connected  with 
Huntingdon  by  3  bridges  across  the  Ouse.  It  is  supposed 
to  have  been  the  Roman  Durolipons.     Pop.  2363. 

God'na,  Revilgunge,  or  Revelganj,  rev'^l-giinj', 
written  also  Ravel  gai^j,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district, 
British  India,  on  the  Goggra,  a  mile  above  its  junction  with 
the  Ganges.  Lat,  25°  46'  56"  N.;  Ion.  84°  41'  7"  W.  It 
has  a  great  trade  in  maize,  barley,  peas,  oil-seeds,  saltpetre, 
sugar,  rice,  salt,  and  piece  goods,  being  one  of  the  principal 
places  of  transshipment  in  Bengal.     Pop.  13,415. 

Gdd51Io,  go^doPlo',  a  town  of  Hungary,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.     Here  is  a  royal  palace.     Pop.  3661. 

Godol'phin,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  5i 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Helstone. 

Go'dra,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions,  142  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Oojein.     Lat.  22°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  44'  E. 

God's  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  the  Keewatin  district, 
Canada,  discharges  its  waters  northward  into  Hayes  River. 
It  is  about  40  miles  long. 

Godthaab,  god'tib,  a  village  of  Greenland,  in  Davis' 
Strait.  It  was  the  first  Danish  colony  in  Greenland,  estab 
lished  by  Hans  Egede  in  1721.  It  has  a  mission  seminary 
and  is  the  residence  of  an  inspector. 

God'win's,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

God'winsville,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga. 

Goedereede,  goo'd^h-ri'd^h,  or  Goeree,  gooVi',  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Briel,  on  the  island  of  Goeree.     Pop.  1105. 

Goenong-Api,  or  Goenong-Apee,  islands  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago.     See  Goonong-Apee. 

Goenong-Tella,  Celebes.    See  Goonong-Tella. 

Goentoer,  goonHoor',  Goontoor,  goonHoor',  or 
Goenong-Goentoer,  goo^nong'-goonHoor',  an  active 
volcano  on  the  island  of  Java,  province  of  Preanger,  94 
miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.  Height,  6689  feet.  Its  eruptions 
have  frequently  caused  great  damage. 

Goeree,  gooVi',  Goedereede-Enoverflakkee, 
goo^d^h-ri'd^h-fin-o'v^r-fl&k'k^h,  written  also  Goere,  an 
island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  between  two 
outlets  of  the  Mouse,  united  to  the  island  of  Over-Flakkee 
by  causeways.  The  town  of  Goeree  or  Goedereede  is  on  the 
E.  coast. 

Goes,  nSSoe,  or  Ter-Goe8,t§r-HS6ce',  a  fortified  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  South-  Beve- 
land,  and  on  the  railway  from  Bergen-op-Zoom  to  Flushing. 
Lat.  41°  30' N.:  Ion.  3°  53' E.  Pop.  5205.  It  has  a  curious 
ancient  monastery,  a  harbor  on  an  arm  of  the  Scheldt,  ship- 
building docks,  and  an  active  trade  in  salt. 

Goes,  go'As,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  19  miles  B. 
of  Coimbra.     Pop.  3563. 

Goes  Station,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Xenia  A  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Xenia. 

Gceta-Elf,  a  river  of  Sweden.     See  Goth  a, 

Goeteborg,  or  Goteborg.    See  Gothenburg. 

Goettee,  a  township  of  Beaufort  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  231». 

Goettingen,  a  city  of  Germany.     See  Gottingen. 

Goetzenbrtick,  got^z^n^briik',  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Lorraine,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Saargemiind.  It  has  a  mann- 
factory  of  watch-glasses.     Pop.  677. 

Goflf*8,  a  post- village  of  Nemaha  co,  Kansas.,  49  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 


(AV^JUtA^-^^ 


GOF 


1282 


GOL 


Gofi^S)  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

CiOfPs  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the  Con- 
cord Railroad,  4  miles  below  Manchester.  It  has  a  church 
^nd  a  woollen-factory. 

GofPs  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y. 

Gofis'town,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
in  Qoffistown  township,  on  the  Pisoataquog  (Squog)  River, 
and  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare  Railroad,  about  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  town  hall,  2  churches, 
a  machine-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 
Pop.  of  the  township  (1890),  1981. 

Goffstown  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H,,  is  in  GoflFstown  township,  on  the  Piscataquog  (Squog), 
and  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Manchester.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  pulp-mill. 

Gogan,  go^gin',  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Azer- 
baijan, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Ooroomeeyah. 

Gogeh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Good. 

Gog'gansville,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Macon  and  Atlanta,  35  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Macon.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  about  12 
houses. 

Goggingen,  gog'ghing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Lake,  E.  of  Mosskirch.     Pop.  731. 

GQggingen,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Wertaoh,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1679. 

Gogginsville,  gSg'ghinz-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Va.,  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Goggra,  Gogra,  gog'grS,,  Ghagra,  gi'gri,  Sarjou, 
ear^joo',  De'wa,or  Kanar,  ki^nar'  (Hindoo,  Oharghara, 
gar'g&-r&),  a  river  of  India,  one  of  the  chief  tributaries 
of  the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Benares,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  from  400  to  500  miles 
through  Nepaul,  Oude,  and  Bengal.  The  towns  of  Fyza- 
Dad  and  Oude  are  on  its  banks.  It  is  the  Sareyu  of  Hindoo 
mythology,  and,  according  to  Rennell,  the  Agoramea  of 
Arrian.  The  river  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade,  and  is 
regarded  with  peculiar  veneration  by  the  Hindoos,  its  banks 
being  resorted  to  by  numerous  devotees. 

Gogna,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Agogna. 

Go'go,  Gogeh,  or  Goghe,  go'gh^h,  a  town  of  India, 
district  of  Ahmedabad,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
bay.  Lat.  21°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  16'  B.  During  the  S.W. 
monsoon  its  anchorage  is  safe  and  good.     Pop.  9571. 

Gohan'uh,  a  town  of  India,  Rohtuk  district,  on  the 
Rohtuk  Branch  Canal,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.    Pop.  6668. 

Goheen'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  oo.,Pa.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Gohud,  go^hQd',  a  town  of  British  India,  district  and 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.     Lat.  26°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E. 

Gohun,  go^hun',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Jaloun. 

Goianiuha,  go-yi-neen'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  28  miles  S.  of  Natal.     Pop.  1500. 

Goirle,goiR'l9b,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1441. 

Goisern,  goi'z^rn,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
Traun,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hallstadt.     Pop.  942. 

Goito,  go'e-to,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Man- 
tua, on  the  Mincio.     Pop.  6274. 

Gojam,  or  Go^jam,  go^j&m',  a  district  of  Abyssinia, 
in  Amhara.  Lat.  from  10°  to  11°  N. ;  Ion.  from  37°  to  38° 
E.  It  is  mostly  a  grassy  plain,  traversed  in  some  parts  by 
high  mountain-ranges  and  by  affluents  of  the  Abai. 

Gojeb,  or  Godjeb,  go'jdb,  written  also  Gocheb, 
Gochop,  or  Goshop,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
S.  of  Abyssinia,  flowing  E.,  in  lat.  about  6°  N.,  supposed 
to  join  the  Abai. 

Gokauk,  or  Gokak,  go-kawk',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  12,612. 

Gok'la,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district.    Pop.  3149. 

Goktsche-Denghis,gokt'sh5-dfing'ee8X"bluelake"), 
also  called  Kegham  (k^^g&m')  Sea,  Goukcha,  Goo- 
keka,  Goktcha,  and  Goutchka,  Sevan,  or  Se- 
vangha,  and  sometimes  Sewan,  s^V&n',  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sian Armenia,  to  the  N.E.  of  Erivan,  47  miles  long  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  on  an  average  12  miles  broad.  It  is 
about  5300  feet  above  the  sea-level,  in  a  basin  surrounded 
by  mountains,  many  of  them  covered  with  the  richest  ver- 
dure, not  a  few  of  the  most  fantastic  forms,  and  several 
covered  with  snow.  In  the  N.W.  of  the  lake  there  is  an 
island,  called  Sewan  or  Sevan,  with  a  convent  on  it.  This 
lake  was  called  Lychnitis  by  the  ancients. 

Gola-Secca,  go'14-s5k'ki,  a  village  of  Italy, province 
and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Ticino.     Pop.  1703. 
Golcar,  gol'k^r,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of 


Yorkshire,  4  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop. 
6033.     Here  are  many  shoddy-mills. 

Golconda,  gol-kon'di,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  the 
Nizam's  dominions,  3  miles  W.  of  Hyderabad.  Lat.  17° 
15'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  32'  E.  It  has  been  noted  as  a  depot  for 
diamonds,  which  are  brought  hither  from  the  plains  at  the 
base  of  the  Neela  Hulla  Mountains,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Kistnah  and  Pennar  Rivers. 

Golcon'da,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pope  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  77  miles  above  Cairo,  and  about  24  miles 
by  land  N.  by  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
banks,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  hotels,  2  flouring 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  1174. 

Golconda,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nevada, 
near  the  Humboldt  River,  128  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Elko. 
Gold,  silver,  and  lead  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Goldapp,  gol'dipp,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Goldapp  River.     Pop.  4809. 

Goldan,  gol'dSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
6i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sohwytz,  at  the  S,  foot  of  the  Rossberg, 
by  a  land-slip  of  which  mountain  the  former  village  of  the 
same  name,  with  the  villages  of  Bussingen,  Rother,  and  a 
part  of  Lowertz,  were  totally  buried  on  September  2,  1806. 

Gold  Beach,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Curry  oo., 
Oregon,  56  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Grant's  Pass.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  district  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  200. 

Goldberg,  golt'b^RO,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  28  miles  E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  2848. 

Goldberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Silesia,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.  It  has  distilleries, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  hosiery.     Pop.  6475. 

Gold  Coast,  a  British  colony  of  Western  Africa,  on 
the  sea-coast,  extending  from  Ion.  1°  10'  E.  to  about  3°  W., 
and  bounded  N.  by  Ashantee.  In  1664  the  English  first 
came  here;  in  1860  they  purchased  the  Danish  forts  on  the 
coast,  and  in  1872  those  of  the  Dutch,  upon  which  a  war 
followed  with  Ashantee ;  and  in  1874  the  former  protector- 
ate was  changed  into  a  definite  colonial  government,  and 
slavery  was  abolished.  The  country  is  mostly  level  near 
the  coast,  but  hilly  in  the  interior.  Area,  16,626  square 
miles.  The  soil  is  exceedingly  fertile,  but  the  climate  is 
very  sickly,  even  for  the  natives.  Palm  oil  is  the  leading 
export,  but  some  gold-dust  is  obtained,  whence  the  name 
of  the  country.     Capital,  Cape  Coast  Castle.     Pop.  408,070. 

Gold  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Gold'en,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  3i  milei 
W.  of  Cashel.     Pop.  364. 

Gold'en,  the  capital  of  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  is  situated  on 
Clear  Creek,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  7  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  state  school  of  mines,  Jarvis  Hall,  3 
flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  4  collieries,  machine-  and  car- 
shops,  2  potteries,  and  3  smelting-  and  reduction-works  for 
gold  and  silver.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2383. 

Golden,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  27  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Quinoy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  466. 

Golden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  White 
River,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Cassville. 

Golden  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  1} 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Dublin. 

Golden  City,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co..  Mo.,  22 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lamar.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks, 
a  broom-factory,  a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  773. 

Golden  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  oo.,  0. 

Golden  Dale,  a  post- village  of  Klikitat  co.,  Wash- 
ington, about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Celilo,  Oregon.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school,  flour- 
mills,  blind-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Golden  Gate,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  16 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Ulm.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Golden  Grove,  a  station  in  Lauderdale  co..  Miss.,  5 
miles  W.  of  Meridian. 

Golden  Grove,  a  township  of  Barton  co..  Mo.   P.  406. 

Golden  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  B.C., 
and  a  station  on  the  Greenville  A  Columbia  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Greenville. 

Golden  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Devall's  Bluff.     It  has  a  church. 

Golden  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambridge. 

Golden  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa. 

Golden  Junction,  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  is  on  toj 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Broad 
and  the  Narrow  Gauge  division,  2  miles  E.  of  Goldcc 


GOL 


1283 


GOM 


Golden  Lake,  a  post-ofiSoe  and  landing  of  Mississippi 
i<o.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  40  miles  above  Hopefield. 

Golden  Lake,  a  post-offioe  or  hamlet  of  Waukesha 
<«.,  Wis.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  34  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Golden  Peak,  Colorado,  has  an  altitude  of  9650  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     Lat.  39°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  20'  52"  W. 

Golden  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Eddyville.  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
I  Golden  Prairie,  a  post-offioe  of  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa. 
I  Golden's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Lewisborough  township,  on  the  Croton  River,  and 
(on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  the 
jCtrand  Central  Depot  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church  and 
about  30  dwellings.  The  New  York  &  Mahopao  Railroad 
extends  from  this  place  to  Lake  Mahopac. 

Golden  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  oo.,  Neb.,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Herman  Station. 

Golden  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  Ya., 
60  miles  from  Saltville. 

Golden  Springs,  a  post-ofBce  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Goldenstein,  gol'd^n-stlne^  or  Koldssteiu,  kolt'- 
stine,  a  town  of  Moravia,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz. 

Golden  Valley,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1122. 

i  Gold'enville,  or  Sher'brooke  Gold-Mines,  a 
jpost-village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N.W. 
iBide  of  St.  Mary's  River,  3  miles  from  Sherbrooke.  Here 
{are  rich  gold-mines,  and  some  quartz-mills,  worked  by 
is^eam  and  by  water.     Pop.  900. 

]  Gold'field,  or  Grant,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co., 
ilowa,  on  the  Boone  River,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Clarion. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  343. 

Gold  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Savan- 
nah &  Memphis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Opelika. 
I    Gold  Hill,  a  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  adjacent 
|t)  Nevada  City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

I  Gold  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  7  miles 
a>j  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Boulder.     Pop.  425. 

Gold  Hill,  a  former  post-town  of  Storey  co.,  Nevada, 
since  1880  annexed  to  Virginia  City,  of  which  it  forms  two 
'■wards.     It  was  once  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  pop- 
lUlous  towns  in  the  state,  its  importance  being  due  to  its  rich 
silver-mines,  whose  annual  product  amounted  to  millions 
(of  dollars.     Here  is  the  famous  Comstook  Lode,  on  Mt. 
jluvidson.     Pop.  in  1880,  4531;  in  1890,  2078. 
I    Gold  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  oo.,  N.C,  in  Gold 
jBill  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  about  34 
imiles  N.E.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage- 
ahoja.    Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  959. 
i    Gold  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  26 
imiles  N.  of  Farmville.     It  has  a  church. 
i    Gold  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 
I    Goldingen,  gol'ding-§n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Cour- 
land,  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  4752. 
i    Goldkronach,  golt'kro^niK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
Itte  Kronach,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  876. 
t    Gold  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala.,  54  miles 
8.  of  Tuscumbia. 

!    Gold  Region,  re'jiin,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
I    Gold'rinsey,  a  post-office  of  Saline  oo..  Neb. 
I    Gold  Run,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
'alwut  12  miles  E.  of  Grass  Valley.     It  has  a  church,  a 
banking-house,  2  hotels,  and  several  stores.     P.  about  500. 
I    Golds'berry,  a  township  of  Howell  co..  Mo.    Pop.  349. 
I    Golds'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Oa.,  10 
miles  from  Cochran  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
I    Goldsborough,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Baston.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

;  Goldsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co., 
N.C,  in  Goldsborough  township,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
[Neuse  River,  and  on  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad, 
84  miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh,  and 
159  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New-Berne.  It  is  the  W.  terminus 
jof  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  here 
connects  with  a  branch  of  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Rail- 
iroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  college, 
iM,nufactures  of  carriages,  machinery,  Ac,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3286;  in  1890,  4017.  ■'  f  f  y  > 

J^  Goldsborough    (Etters    Post-Office),   a  borough  of 
"",  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna   River,   and  on   the 


-•JYork 


^orthern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
lit  has  2  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  cigar-factory,  2  hotels, 
and  a  quarry  of  brownstone.     Pop.  310. 


Goldschener,  golt'shoi^^r,  a,  village  of  Germany,  is 
Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Offenburg. 

Gold'smith,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Tipton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  &o.     Pop.  300. 

Gold'thwaite,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mills  oo., 
Tex.,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lampasas.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  1600. 

Golega,  go-la'g&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Tagus,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3734. 

Golek-Boghaz,  go'ldk^-bo^g&z'  (the  "  Cilician gates" 
of  antiquity),  a  pass  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  through  the  Bul- 
ghar-Tagh  (Taurus),  30  miles  N.W.  of  Tarsus. 

Gole'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Barbara  oo.,  Cal.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Santa  Barbara.     It  has  a  church. 

Golet'ta,  a  seaport  of  Tunis,  at  the  entrance  to  the  bay, 
and  11  miles  by  railway  or  steamboat  N.  of  the  town  of 
Tunis.  It  has  forts,  a  custom-house,  a  palace  and  harem 
belonging  to  the  Bey  of  Tunis,  a  court-house,  and  many 
fine  viUas.     Pop.  3500. 

Golfe  de  Gascogne,  the  French  for  Bat  of  Biscay. 

Golfo  de  Maracaybo.    See  Gulf  of  Maracatbo. 

Golfo  Dulce,  a  gulf  of  Costa  Rica.    See  Dolce. 

Golfo  Dulce,  a  lake  of  Guatemala.    See  Dxtlce. 

Goli,  go'Iee,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatla 
Sea,  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Arbe. 

Goli,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  on  the  estuary 
of  the  Jeba,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Bissao.     Pop.  4000. 

Goliad,  goHe-ad',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  820  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
San  Antonio  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Coleto  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  live-oak, 
and  pecan  are  found.  The  soil  produces  Indian  com,  cotton, 
and  pasture.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Goliad.  Pop.  in  1870,  3628 ;  in  1880, 
5832;  in  1890,  5910. 

Goliad,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Goliad  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  San  Antonio  River,  29  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Beeville.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  public  schools,  and  a  private  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  about 
2000. 

Golin'do,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Golin'za  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Forest  oo..  Pa.,  10  miles 
from  Tionesta.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Gollersdorf,  gol'l^rs-doRf  \  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Gollersbach,  23  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Korneiiburg. 

Gollnow,  gol'nov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Ihna,  with  copper-works,  and 
woollen-,  fulling-,  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  7913. 

Gollousier,  gol-loo-seer'  (Fr.  pron.  gorioo^se-i'),  a 
maritime  town  of  the  island  of  Socotra,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Gollub,  gol'loob,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Drewenz, 
opposite  Dobrzyn,  in  Poland.     Pop.  2701. 

Gollumbincze,  gol'loom-bin^si,  or  Golubincze, 
go'loo-bin^si,  a  village  of  Slavonia,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Peter- 
wardein.     Pop.  3340. 

Golma,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Holuon. 

Golnitz,  gol'nits,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Eperies.  Pop.  5205.  In  and  around  it  are 
iron-  and  copper-mines,  iron-forges,  and  factories  of  iron- 
wire  and  cutlery. 

Golo,  go'lo,  a  river  of  Corsica,  enters  the  Mediterranean 
on  its  E.  coast,  12  miles  S.  of  Bastia. 

Golovatchef,  or  Golowatschev,  a  headland  of 
Saghalin.    See  Cape  Goi-ovatchef. 

Gols,  golsh,  or  Galos,  gShUosh',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO,  of  Wieselburg,  .32  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  2092. 

Gol'spie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  on 
Dornoch  Firth,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dornoch.     Pop.  1074. 

Golssen,  gols's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  46  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Frankfort,  on  the  Dahme.     Pop.  1241. 

Goltsch- Jenikan,  goltsh-yi'ne-k6w\  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 50  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2708. 

Golubincze,  Austria.    See  Gollumbincze. 

Gomanizza,  go-m4-nit'si,  a  village  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Albania,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yanina,  on  the  coast 

Goniara,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Kaffa. 

Gomaringen,  go'mi-ring^^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem. 
berg,  5  miles  W.  of  Reutlingen,  on  the  Wiesatz.     Pop.  1729. 

Gomati,  the  Hindoo  name  of  the  G^ohtee. 

Gombas,  gom^bSsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Lip 
tau,  7  miles  from  Rosenberg.     Pop.  960. 

Gomber,  Ohio.    See  Lore  Citt. 

Gombin,  gom'been,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  pro  vino* 
and  55  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  5249 


GOM 


1284 


GOO 


I 


Gom^broon',  Gom^beroon',  Gamrnn,g&ia^roon', 
Gam^broon',  Bunder  Abbas,  bun'd§rib'b4s',Ben'- 
der  Ab'bas',  or  Bun'der  Ab^bas'see  (formerly  Hor^- 
tnooz',  Hormuz,  or  Harmozia),  a  seaport  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Kerman,  but  latterly  forming  a  part  of  the 
Muscat  dominions,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  near  its  mouth, 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  the  island  of  Ormuz.  Lat.  27°  18' 
N. ;  Ion.  56°  30'  B,     Pop.  5000. 

Gomel)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Houel. 

Go'mer,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  558. 

Gomer,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ottawa 
Itiver,  4  miles  N.  of  Elida  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lima.     It  has  a  church. 

Gomera,  go-mi'ri,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  W.  group, 
W.  of  Tenerifife,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  strait  13 
miles  broad.  Length,  23  miles;  breadth,  9  miles.  It  has 
mountains  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and  many  fertile 
valleys,  producing  corn,  archil,  silk,  dates  and  other  fruits, 
wine,  cotton,  sugar,  &c.  It  is  well  wooded,  and  water  is 
Abundant.  The  principal  town  is  San  Sebastian.  Total 
pop.  8600. 

Gomera,  go-mi'ri,  a  river  of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez, 
enters  the  Mediterranean  near  Velez  de  Gomera,  after  a 
N.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Gome'ria,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Go 'met' 8  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Colorado. 

Gom'etra,  or  Gom^etray,  a  small  island  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  between  Staffa  and  Mull,  near  Ulva. 

Gomez,  go'infis,  an  island  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Magdalena. 
Lat.  11°  6'  N.;  Ion.  74°  50'  W. 

Gommegnies,  gom^min^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  3148. 

Gommenitza,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Gomanizza. 

Gommern,  gom'm^rn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ehle.     Pop.  2606. 

Gomona,  go-mo'n&,  a  small  island  of  the  Pacific,  Xulla 
Islands,  in  lat.  1°  46'  S.,  Ion.  127°  27'  E. 

Gd^mdr'  and  Kis-Hont,  kish^hSnt',  a  county  of 
Hungary,  in  the  N.  is  very  mountainous  and  has  great  and 
varied  mineral  wealth,  but  the  S.  part  is  fertile.  Area,  1683 
Bquare  miles.     Pop.  173,438. 

Gdmor  Stgo,  go^mSr'  sfih'yo*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in 
the  county  of  Gomor  and  Kis-Hont,  on  a  railway,  and  on 
the  Sajo,  88  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  960. 

Gomul,  go^mill',  or  Goolairee,  goo-li'ree  or  goo-li'- 
ree,  an  important  pass  on  the  route  from  India  into  Afgha- 
nistan, leading  from  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan  to  Gbuznee,  along 
the  channel  of  the  Gomul  River. 

Gomul,  a  river  of  Eastern  Afghanistan,  rises  about 
lat.  33°  N.,  Ion.  69°  22'  E.,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gbuznee, 
and,  crossing  the  Suleiman  range  of  mountains  about  lat. 
32°  25'  N.,  is  lost  in  the  sand.  During  the  rains,  how- 
ever, it  continues  its  course  to  the  Indus,  lat.  32°  5'  N., 
Ion.  71°  E. 

Gonaive,  or  La  Gonaive,  1&  go^niv',  an  island  of 
the  West  Indies,  W.  of  Hayti,  in  the  Bay  of  Leogane. 
Length,  about  36  miles ;  average  breadth,  8  miles.  It  has 
no  permanent  population. 

Gonaives,  or  Les  Gonaives,  \k  go^nlv',  a  town  of 
Hayti,  on  the  Bay  of  Gonaives,  65  miles  N.W,  of  Port-au- 
Prince.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  exports  coffee,  dyewoods, 
and  cotton,  and  imports  from  the  United  States  dry-goods 
and  provisions.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6000. 

Goncelin,  g6iJ»^S9h-liN»',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Isfere,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1634. 

Gon'da,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Fyzabad  division, 
Oude,  lying  N.  of  the  Fyzabad  district.  Area,  2683  square 
miles.     Capital,  Gonda.     Pop.  1,168,462. 

Gonda,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Gonda  district,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Fyzabad.     Pop.  11,764. 

Gondal,  gon-d&l',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Kattywar, 
«nd  in  the  Halar  division.  Area,  699  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1872, 137,217. 

Gon'dar,  the  capital  city  of  Abyssinia,  21  miles  N.E. 
of  Lake  Dembea  or  Zana,  in  lat.  12°  50'  N.,  Ion.  37°  32'  E. 
It  is  built  on  a  lofty,  isolated  hill,  between  two  rivers,  which 
unite  below  the  town.  Entire  circumference  of  the  city, 
about  11  miles.  It  contains  a  ruined  palace,  many  churches, 
and  other  buildings  devoted  to  religious  purposes.  Gondar 
has  lost  much  of  its  former  splendor.  Cotton  cloths  of  a 
fine  quality,  with  leather- work  and  silver  filigree,  are  manu- 
factured here.  The  people  of  this  city  are  represented  as 
extremely  licentious  and  addicted  to  the  most  barbarous 
and  brutal  practices.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Gondecourt,  g6Nd^kooB',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  9  miles  from  Lille.     Pop.  2095. 


Gondelsheim,  gon'd§l8-hlme\  a  village  of  Baden,  14 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1320. 

Gondokoro,  gSn-do-kS'ro,  or  Ismailia,  iz-m4-ee'- 
1^-i,  an  important  ivory-trading  town  on  the  Upper  Nile, 
included  in  the  territory  annexed  by  Egypt  in  1871.  Al- 
titude, 1621  feet. 

Gondrecourt,  g6Nd'r^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Mouse,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Commercy.     Pop.  1766. 

Gonesse,  go^nfiss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 

10  miles  N.E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Crould.     Pop.  2817. 
Gonfaron,  g^n^^fi^rftw',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var, 

22  miles  N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2197. 

Goniadz,  or  Goniondz,  g6n'y6Nz\  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  of  Grodno,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Bialystok,  on 
the  Bober.     Pop.  1846. 

Gon'ic,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  in  Roch- 
ester township,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  8  miles  N, 
of  Dover,  and  on  the  Nashua  <fc  Rochester  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  woollen-mill, 
several  brick-yards,  and  2  churches. 

Gonneville,  gonnVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
5  miles  E.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1102. 

Gonneville,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure, 

11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Havre.     Pop.  692. 
Gdnningen,  gon'ning^^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  5 

miles  S.W.  of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  1776. 

Gonnord,  gon^noR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  18  miles  S.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1703. 

Gonno8-Codina,gon'nos-ko-dee'n&,  a  village  of  Sar- 
dinia, 20  miles  S.E.  of  Oristano. 

Gonnos-Fanadiga,  gon'nos-f&-n&-dee'g&,  a  village 
of  Sardinia,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  3787. 

GonnoS'Tramatza,  gon'nos-tr&-m&t's&,  a  village  of 
Sardinia,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  958. 

Gonobitz,  go'no-bits,  Gonowitz,  go'no-'frits^  or 
Ganowitz,  gJl'no-^its\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  19 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  912. 

Gonsinskoie-Ozero,  gon-sin-skoi'A-o-z&'ro,  a  lake 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  58  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Kiakhta. 

Gontensweil,  gon't?ns-^ile',  or  Gundischweil, 
goon'dish-^ile\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Aargau,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2131. 

Gonzaga,  gon-z&'gi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14 
miles  S.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  17,526. 

Gonzales,  gon-zah'lAz,  a  county  in  S.  central  Texas. 
Area,  980  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Guadalupe 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  San  Marcos  River  and  sev- 
eral creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly;  the  .soil  is 
fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  cot- 
ton, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  San  Antonio  k,  Aransas  Pass  Railroad  and  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with 
Gonzales,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  8961; 
in  1880,  14,840;  in  1890,  18,016. 

Gonzales,  a  post- village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  in  the 
fertile  Salinas  Valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Salinas  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  public  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  359. 

Gonzales,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen- 
sacola  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Gonzales,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Guadalupe  River,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the 
San  Marcos  River,  72  miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Antonio,  and 
60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Austin,  It  has  2  banks,  7  churches, 
and  the  Gonzales  College.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1641. 

Gonzalo,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Sao  Gok^alo. 

Goob  Dncnoo,  in  the  Red  Sea.     See  Anslet  Bat. 

Gooch'land,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia. Area,  280  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  James  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and  gold  are  found  in  this 
county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake  &,  Ohio  Rail- 
way. Capital,  Goochland  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,313;  in  1880,  10,292;  in  1890,  9958. 

Goochland,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Castle  oo.,  Ky. 

Goochland  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  is  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond, and  I  of  a  mile  N.  of  the  James  River.  It  has  a 
church,  a  school,  and  a  hotel. 

Gooch's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  oo..  Mo.,  in 
Saline  township,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Jefi'erson  City. 

Good'ale's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co., 

Good'all's,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  22  m 
N.  of  Richmond. 

Good'bars,  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark. 


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j     Goodbars,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Good'by's,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  CO.,  S.C.  P.  719. 
I  Good  Cor'ner,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  New- 
Brunswick,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  120. 

I  Goode^  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 
Good'ell's,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 

•Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Port  Huron. 
ilt  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 
'     GoodenoW)  good'e-no,  a  post  hamlet  of  Will  co.,  111., 
jin  Crete  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Yinoennes 
JRailroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Goode's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Ya., 
lit  Goode's  Station  on  the  Virginia  <fc  Tennessee  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church. 

Good^farm',  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.     Pop.  803. 

Good'field,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn. 

Good'giou's  Factory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co., 
B.C.,  9  miles  W.  of  Laurens  Court-House.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Good  Ground,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  Shinnecook  Bay,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  85  miles  from  Brooklyn,  about 
"  miles  S.E.  of  Riverhead,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Great 
jl'econic  Bay.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  job  printing- 
bffice,  Ac.     It  is  a  favorite  resort  of  sportsmen.     Pop.  825. 

Good  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
jon  Lake  Michigan,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has 
jl  or  2  lumber-mills. 

\  Good  Hart,  a  post-office  and  Indian  village  of  Emmett 
jco.,  Mich.,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  church 
s.nd  about  30  houses. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
]!.  of  Monroe.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co.,  HI., 
H'  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bushnell.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
•ind  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  600. 
I  Good  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  20 
jiiiles  N.  of  Morton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Good  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
prayne  township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillioothe. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  118. 

Good  Hope,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  986. 
It  contains  Rockbridge. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
i  1  Hampden  township,  about  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harris- 
turg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Milwaukee 
OJ.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 

Good  Hope,  Cape  of.    See  Cape  op  Good  Hope. 

Good'hue,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
laa  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
lir.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  Lake  Pepin  (an  expan- 
iRon  of  that  river),  which  is  3  or  4  miles  wide.  It  is  also 
idrained  by  Cannon  and  Zumbro  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
jundulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The 
Boil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  and  magnesian 
limestone  of  good  quality  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  On 
the  banks  of  Lake  Pepin  the  high  cliffs  and  escarpments  of 
this  rock  present  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Red  Wing.  Pop.  in 
1870,  22,618;  in  1880,  29,651;  in  1890,  28,806. 

Goodhne,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  998. 

Goodhue  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 

II  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Red  Wing. 

Good'ing*8  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co..  III., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Good  Indent',  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Atchison. 

Good  Intent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and 
'&  tannery. 

I  Good'ison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  35 
jmiles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Good'land,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  49 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Logansport,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of 
Watseka,  111.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  889. 

L  ^*»<»dland,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
JTerritory,  25  miles  from  Paris,  Tex. 

;  Good  land,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Sherman  co., 
•■Kansas,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Colby.  It  has  4  churches,  4 
i  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  4  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  1027. 


Goodland,  a  post-township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mieh.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Imlay  City.     Pop.  920. 

Goodland,  a  htfmlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  56  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Hannibal. 

Goodland,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     P.  955. 

Good'lettsville,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  529. 

Goodloe,  good'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  oo.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Prestonburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Goodloe's,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Ya. 

Good  Luck,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  i  mile  from 
Cedar  Creek  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Good'man,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  51  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-gin,  a  lumber- 
mill,  Ac.     A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Goodman's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Harris 
CO.,  Ga. 

Goodman's  Islands.  See  Fbad's  and  Goodman's 
Islands. 

Good'man's  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  HI . 
on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Good  Night,  a  station  in  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Pueblo  to  CaKon  City,  4  miles  W.  of  Pueblo. 

Good'rich,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    P.  258 

Goodrich,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas. 

Goodrich,  a  post- village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich,,  in 
Atlas  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Flint.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Goodrich,  a  post-village  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Centreville.  It  has  a  general  rftore  and 
iron-works.     Pop.  358. 

Goodrich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  on  or  near 
the  N.  bank  of  Trinity  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Living- 
ston.    It  has  a  general  store. 

Good  River,  or  Ninne  Scah,  of  Kansas,  rises  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  state,  runs  nearly  eastward  through 
Reno  CO.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  on  the  E.  border 
of  Sumner  co.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Good  River,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Good'rum's,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  Yalley  &  Ship  Island  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Yicksburg. 

Good's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Ya. 

Good'son,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Mo. 

Good'speed's,  a  station  in  Haddam  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  opposite  Goodspeed's  Landing. 

Goodspeed's  Landing,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Conn.,  in  East  Haddam  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  opposite  Goodspeed's  Station  of  the 
Connecticut  Yalley  Railroad,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  church,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of  coffin- 
trimmings,  britannia-ware,  plated  forks  and  spoons,  cigars, 
and  drain-tiles.   The  name  of  its  post-office  is  East  Haddam. 

Good  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Winston.     It  has  a  church. 

Good  Spring,  Pennsylvania.     See  Eckert. 

Good  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Good  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Good  Success'  Bay,  Terra  del  Fuego,  Le  Maire 
Strait,  is  in  lat.  54°  49'  S.,  Ion.  65°  13'  W. 

Good  Thun'der,  a  post-village  of  Blue  Earth  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  14  miles  S. 
of  Mankato.     It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

GoodView',  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Ya. 

Good'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  in 
East  Earl  township,  about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Reading, 
and  1  mile  from  Cedar  Lane  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Good^wa'ter,  a  post-village  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Savannah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Opo- 
lika.     It  has  5  churches,  a  furniture- factory,  Ac. 

Goodwater,  a  post-office  of  Iron  co..  Mo. 

Good  Will,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Good'win,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

Goodwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francis  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  59  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Memphis,  Tenn.     It  has  2  stores. 

Goodwin's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Good'win  Sands,  a  range  of  exceedingly  destructive 
shoals  in  the  Strait  of  Dover,  extending  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Deal  and  th« 


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Isle  of  Thanet,  the  roadstead  termed  the  Downs  lying  be- 
tween them  and  the  mainland.     Length,  about  10  miles. 

Goodwin's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  Ind., 
13  miles  S.  of  Riohmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Goodwin's  Mills,  a  post- village  of  York  co.,  Me.,  in 
Dayton  and  Lyman  townships,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bidde- 
ford.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Good'wood,  the  fine  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Richmond, 
in  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chichester. 
The  Goodwood  races  are  held  annually  in  the  park  during 
the  last  week  in  July. 

Good'wood,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Toronto  &  Nipissing  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  To- 
ronto.    Pop.  100. 

GoodAVOod,  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario.     See  Brtanstou. 

Goodwynsville,  good'winz-vil,  a  post-ofl5oe  of  Din- 
widdle CO.,  Va. 

Good'year's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Genoa  township,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Goodyear's  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal., 
about  46  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  ha«  a  gold-mine  and 
a  lumber-mill.     It  is  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Goojah,  goo'ji,  a  town  of  Sinde,  10  miles  W.  of  Tat- 
tah,  on  a  creek  of  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Gooj  erat,  a  town  and  province  of  India.     See  Guzerat. 

Gookeka,  a  lake  of  Asia.    See  Goktsche-Denghis. 

Goolairee,  a  pass  of  India.    See  Gohul. 

Goolane  (or  Gnlane)  Ness,  goo'lan  n£s,  a  headland 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Firth 
of  Forth,  13  miles  "W.S.W.  of  the  isle  of  May. 

Goold,  an  island  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Rockingham  Bay.     Lat.  18°  9'  54"  S. ;  Ion.  146°  11'  30"  B. 

Gooldja,  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Eooldja. 

Goole,  gool,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Ouse,  at  the  influx  of  the  Don,  at  a  railway 
junction,  3  miles  S.  of  Howden.  The  docks  of  Goole  form 
its  most  important  feature.  Its  port  is  accessible  to  large 
sea-going  ships,  and  its  trade  is  large.  The  town  owes  its 
rise  and  subsequent  importance  chiefly  to  the  opening  of 
the  Knottingley  A  Goole  Canal  by  the  Aire  &  Calder  Navi- 
gation Company,  by  which  a  direct  inland  navigation  has 
been  eflFected  to  Leeds,  Manchester,  Liverpool,  Ac.    P.  7680. 

Goole,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Goolesborongh,  goolz'bar-rfih,  a  post-office  of  Titus 
CO.,  Tex. 

Goolja,  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Eooldja. 

Goolkoo,  gooPkoo',  a  mountain-range  of  Afghanistan, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Ghuznee,  lat.  33°  22'  N.,  Ion.  67°  50'  E., 
13,000  feet  high,  and  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Gooma,  or  Guma,  goo'm&,  a  walled  town  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Khoten.     Pop.  30,000. 

Goomga'on,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  12  miles  S. 
of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  3300. 

Goomish-  (Gonmish-,  or  Gumish-)  Khaneh, 
goom'ish-Ki'n^h  ("place  of  silver;"  ano.  ByloeT),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Erzroom.  It  is 
built  in  successive  terraces  up  the  sides  of  a  ravine,  and  is 
mostly  inhabited  by  Greeks  and  Turks.  Near  it  are  pro- 
ductive silver-,  lead-,  and  copper-mines,  the  ores  from  which 
are  reduced  at  Tokat.     Pop.  10,000. 

Goomree,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Alexandropol. 

Goomsur,  or  Gumsur,  goom>ur'  (Hindoo, (?Auffi«ora, 
goom-si'ri),  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
73  miles  W.  of  Juggernaut. 

Goomtee,  or  Goomty,  goom'tee  (Hindoo,  Oomati, 
go'mi-tee,  "  winding"),  a  river  of  British  India,  a  tributary 
of  the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  17  miles  N.E.  of  Benares. 
Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Sye.  The  cities  of  Lucknow,  Sul- 
tanpoor,  and  Jounpoor  are  on  its  banks.     Length,  480  miles. 

Goomtee,  or  Goomty,  a  river  of  Bengal,  rises  in 
Hill  Tiperah,  flows  through  Tiperah,  and  joins  the  Brahma- 
pootra 20  miles  S.E.  of  Dacca.     Comilla  is  on  its  S.  bank. 

Goonabad,  Gounabad,  or  Gnnabad,  goo-ni-bid', 
a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  135  miles  W.S.W.  of  Meshed. 

Goonang- Telia,  of  Celebes.     See  Goonong-Tella. 

Goon'da,  a  town  of  India,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Oude. 

Goondiam,  or  Gonndiam,  goon-de-&m',  a  village 
of  West  Africa,  in  Upper  Galam,  on  the  Falem6.  Lat.  14° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  12'  W. 

Goonee,  goo'nee%  an  arm  of  the  Indus,  in  Sinde,  con- 
tinuous with  the  Fulailee  below  Hyderabad,  enters  the  In- 
dian Ocean  by  the  Koree  and  Sir  mouths  of  the  Indus  at 
its  delta.     Its  W.  branch  is  navigable  a  distance  of  50  miles. 

Gooniam  -  Amadoo,  or  Gouniam -Amadou, 
goo-ne-im'-i-mi-doo',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Bondoo, 
about  2i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gooniam-Sisse. 


Gooniam-  (or  Goaniam-)  Sisse,  goo^ne-im'-sees'- 
sSh,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Bondoo.  Lat.  14°  50'  N.  ; 
Ion.  12°  24'  W. 

Goonieh,  Gonnieh,  or  Ganieh,  goo'nee^^h,  a 
walled  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Black 
Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Choruk. 

Goonong- Apee,  Gonnong-Api,  Gunong-Api, 
Goenong-Api,  goo^nong'-i^pee',  or  Goenong-Apu, 
goo^nong'-l^pu',  an  island  of  the  Banda  group,  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  180  miles  S.  of  Booro.  Lat.  6°  35'  S.;  Ion. 
126°  45'  E.  It  contains  a  volcanic  peak,  which  in  1820 
broke  out  in  a  fearful  eruption. 

Goonong-Apee,  Gonnong-Api,  or  Gnnong- 
Api,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Floras 
Sea,  N.E.  of  Sumbawa.  Lat.  8°  15'  S.;  Ion.  119°  8'  E.  It 
has  a  volcano. 

Goonong-Tella,  Goenong- Telia,  goo^nong'-t41'- 
1&,  or  Gorontalo,  a  spacious  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Celebes,  on  the  N.  side  of  which,  and  not  far  from 
its  entrance,  is  Gorontalo  River  and  village.  Lat.  0°  28' 
30"  N.;  Ion.  123°  15'  E. 

Goohong-Tella,  or  Goenong-Tella,  a  maritime 
town  of  Celebes,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Goonong-Tella  Bay, 
between  the  N.  and  E.  limbs  of  the  island.  Lat.  0°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  123°  E. 

Goononr,  goo'nSwr,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  44 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Budaon.     Pop.  6298. 

Goontoor,  a  volcano  of  Java.    See  Goentoer. 

Goor,  goR,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Over- 
yssel,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2236. 

Goorban,  goor^bin',  a  river  of  Sinde,  rising  between 
Kurrachee  and  Sehwan,  about  lat.  25°  20'  N.,  Ion.  67°  38' 
E.,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  60  miles,  falls  into  th» 
Bay  of  Kurrachee  in  lat.  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  67°  6'  E. 

Goordaspoor,  or  Gnrdaspnr,  goor^das-poor',  a  dis- 
trict of  the  Amritsir  division,  Punjab.  Area,  1821  square 
miles.  Capital,  Goordaspoor,  a  town  about  45  miles  N.E. 
of  Amritsir.     Pop.  906,126. 

Goorga'on,  a  district  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
India.  Lat.  27°  40-28°  30'  N.;  Ion.  76°  21'-77°  35'  E. 
Area,  1980  square  miles.    Capital,  CJoorgaon.    Pop.  690,295. 

Goorgaon,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Goorgaon  dis- 
trict, 18  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7096. 

Goorgaun,  Gonrgan,  or   Gnrgan,  goor^g&n'  or     | 
goor^gawn',  a  town  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Persia,  on  a  small 
stream  of  its  own  name,  which  flows  into  the  Caspian  Sea. 
Lat.  37°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  30'  E. 

Goorgistan,  or  Gonrgistan.    See  Georgia.  | 

Gooriel,  Gouriel,  Guriel,  goo-re-fil',  or  Gnria, »    ^ 
former  province  of  Asia,  now  in  the  Russian  dominions,  at 
the  E.  extremity  of  the  Black  Sea.     It  formed  a  part  of  the 
ancient  Colchit.    The  principal  towns  are  Batoom  and  Poti. 

Gooriev,  Gouriev,  Guriev,  or  Gnijew,  goo-re-    j 
8v',  a  town  and  fortress  of  Russia,  government  of  Ural,  oa     \ 
the  Ural,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian  Sea.     Lat.  47°  10'  N.; 
Ion.  52°  E.     Pop.  2838. 

Goorkha,  goor'ki,  a  city  of  Nepaul,  58  miles  W.  of 
Khatmandoo,  in  lat.  27°  52'  N.,  Ion.  84°  22'  E.,  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  Qoorkhaa. 

Goorserai,  goor-se-ri',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Jhan- 
see  division,  45  miles  E.  of  Jhansee.     Pop.  7559. 

Goorsoof,  Gonrsonf,  or  Gursuf,  gooR-soof,  s 
maritime  village  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Goornmconda,  Gnrramconda,  or  Gurrum- 
COnda,  goor-riim-kon'da,  a  strong  hill-fort  of  British 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuddapah. 

Goos,  Gons,  or  Gns,  goos,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Vladimeer,  and,  flowing  S.,  empties  itself 
into  a  lake,  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Goose'berry  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from 
Green's  Pond.     Pop.  316. 

Goose  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Snake  River,  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  which  rise  in  Nevada  and  Utah  and  unite 
near  the  S.  boundary  of  Idaho.  It  runs  northward  in  Al- 
turas  CO.,  Idaho,  and  enters  the  Snake  River  about  10  miles 
below  the  Shoshone  Falls. 

Goose  Creek,  Virginia,  drains  the  N.  part  of  Fau- 
quier CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Loudoun  co.,  and  enters 
the  Potomac  River  4  miles  E.  of  Leesburg.  It  is  nearly  60 
miles  long. 

Goose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Goose  Creek,  a  township  of  Piatt  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1120. 
It  contains  Deland. 

Goose  Creek,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.  P.  2207- 

Goose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Goose  Creek  Island,  a  post-office  of  Pamlico  cc  N.C 


GOO 


1287 


GOK 


Goose  Harbor,  Nora  Scotia.     See  Oyster  Ponds. 
I  Goose  Island,  an  island  in  the  Ottawa  River,  Canada, 
i  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Rideaa. 

Goose  Island,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrenoe  River, 

aebec,  13  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Orleans. 
',  Goose  Island,  one  of  the  Furneaux  Islands,  in  lat. 
•j[)°  19'  N.,  Ion.  147°  47'  B. 

j  Goose  Island,  in  Christmas  Sound,  oflf  the  S.  coast  of 
erra  del  Fuego ;  so  named  by  Captain  Cook. 
I  Goose  Island,  a  rocky  islet  in  Bass's  Strait,  on  which 
<  light-house  was  erected  m  1846. 

j  Goose  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co.,  111., 
n  the  Mississippi  River,  about  16  miles  above  Cairo.  It 
lis  a  church. 

I  Goose  Lake,  Asiatic  Russia.  See  Qonsinskoie-Ozebo. 
(  Goose  Lake  is  partly  in  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  and  is  in- 
srsected  by  the  S.  boundary  of  Oregon.  It  is  nearly  30 
liles  long  and  10  miles  wide.  Its  outlet,  called  Pitt  River, 
sues  from  the  S.  end  of  the  lake. 

Goose  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
owa  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons. 
I  Goose  Lake,  a  station  in  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
pe  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.B.  of  Ne- 
.{r.unee. 

j  Goose  Neck,  a  post-office  of  Hickory  co..  Mo. 
I  Gooserai,  a  town  of  India.    See  Goorsbrai. 
;  Goose  Kiver,  North  Dakota,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
ji  the  state,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Red  River 
jf  the  North,  at  Caledonia,  about  lat.  47°  30'  N. 
I  Goose  River,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo..  Prince  Ed- 
\:}.Td  Island,  40  miles  from  Charlottetown.     It  has  2  oloth- 
kotories  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 
I  Goota,  or  Gnnta,  goo'ti,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in 
J  mdoo,  on  the  Faleme,  in  lat.  14°  24'  N.,  Ion.  12°  18'  W. 

1  Goothnee,  or  Guthni,  gooth'nee,  a  town  of  the  Sarun 
li  strict,  Bengal,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Chuprah.  Here  are  4 
t  gar-refineries.     Pop.  4379. 

,  Gooty,  Gootee,  or  Gutti,  goot'tee,  a  fortified  town 
li  India,  district  and  50  miles  E.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  6033. 
j  Go'pher,  a  station  in  Appling  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 

2  Brunswick  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Baxley. 
I  Gopher,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa. 

Gopher,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan- 
ki  Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.B.  of  Fort  Wallace. 
i  Go'pher  Creek,  of  Iowa,  flows  into  the  Missouri  a 
it  tie  below  the  mouth  of  Boyer  River. 
i  Goplo,  gop'lo,  or  Gaplo,  glp'lo,  a  long  and  narrow 
Ake  of  Prussia,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Bromberg.  Its  S. 
Irt.rt  is  in  Russian  Poland. 

!  G5ppingen,  gop'ping-§n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on 
Ihe  Fils,  27  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ulm.  It  is  well  built, 
liid  has  a  royal  residence,  a  remarkable  town  hall,  mineral 

isths,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  earthenwares, 
1  Baching- works,  and  an  active  trade  in  wool.  Near  it  are 
ihe  baths  of  Boll,  and  the  ruined  castle  of  Hohenstaufen. 
?()p.  9532. 

i  Gora,  go'ri,  a  town  of  Poland,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  War- 
law.     Pop.  2742. 

I  Gora,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Posen,  22  miles 
J.S.W.  of  Bromberg. 

Gora,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,     See  Guhrau. 

Gora,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Argo. 

Go'ra-Bazar',  a  southern  suburb  of  Berhampoor,  in 
[ndia,  chiefly  inhabited  by  Mohammedans.     Pop.  4903. 
'    Gorabunder,   goVa-biin'd^r,   a   village   and   fort  of 
JBritish  India,  20  miles  N.  of  Bombay,  at  the  N.  extremity 
bf  the  island  of  Salsette. 
i   Goraghat,  or  Goraghant,  go-r8,-gawt',  written  also 

goragot  and  Ghoraghat,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
inagepoor  district.  Lat.  25°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  17'  E.  It 
juraa  once  the  capital  of  the  Eastern  Mogul  Empire,  but  is 
low  mostly  an  enormous  mass  of  ruins,  covered  by  a  dense 
ungle.  The  present  town,  a  mere  village,  has  a  large  trade 
)y  the  Karatoya  River,  upon  which  it  stands. 

Gorakhpur,  India.    See  GIoruckpoor. 

Goram,  go*r4m',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
0  miles  in  circuit.     Lat.  4°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  131°  50'  E. 
!    Gor'bals,  a  suburb  now  forming  part  of  the  city  of 
Slasgow,  in  Scotland,  cos.  of  Lanark  and  Renfrew,  on  the 
5.  bank  of  the  Clyde,     Pop,  10,162. 

Gorbatov,  or  Gorbatow,  goR-b4-tov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  36  miles  W,S,W,  of  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod,  on  the  Oka,     Pop,  2683. 

.1    Gorchen,  goR'K^n,  or  Mietska  Gorka,  meets'ki 
^OR'ki,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  52  miles  S,  of 
Posen.     Pop.  1759. 
;    Gorcum  •  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Gorkdh. 


Gordes,  goRd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Yancluse,  10  milei 
W,N,W.  of  Apt,     Pop.  910. 

Gor'do,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  23  mile; 
W.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gor'don,  a  county  in  the  N.W,  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  351  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Oostenaula  River,  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  abun- 
dance of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Western  <k 
Atlantic  Railroad  and  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Calhoun.  Pop.  in  1870,  9268 ; 
in  1880,  11,171 ;  in  1890,  12,758. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co,,  Ala,,  on  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River,  about  56  miles  S,  of  Eufaula. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the 
Milledgeville  Branch,  22  miles  E.  of  Macon.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon- 
factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gordon,  a  station  in  Muhlenbarg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Greenville. 

Gordon,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  parish,  La. 

Gordon,  a  station  of  Ouachita  parish.  La.,  on  the 
North  Louisiana  &,  Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Monroe. 

Gordon,  a  township  of  Todd  co,,  Minn.     Pop,  385. 

Gordon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co,,  0.,  21  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  87. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  2  or  3 
miles  S.  of  Ashland.  It  contains  a  church,  and  repair-shops 
of  the  railroad  company.  Here  are  2  steep  inclined  planes, 
by  means  of  which  cars  loaded  with  coal  are  hoisted  up  or 
drawn  over  Broad  Mountain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1194. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex.,  42  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Weatherford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  378. 

Gordona,  gOR-do'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  on  the  Mora,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chiavenna. 

Gordoncillo,  goR-don-theel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  about  22  miles  from  Leon.     Pop.  1017. 

Gor'don's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  &  Du- 
buque Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Gor'donsTille,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala. 

Gordonsville,  a  post- village  of  Logan  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Gordonsville,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Freeborn  oo., 
Minn.,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Austin. 

Gordonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  21 
miles  E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Gordonsville,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Virginia  Midland  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  95  miles  S.W. 
of  Washington,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Charlottesville,  and  76 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  academies,  8  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
chair-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  962. 

Gor'donville,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo. 

Gordonville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa,,  in 
Leacock  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  54  miles 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Gordonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Denison.     It  has  a  church  and  2  steam  mills. 

Gore,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkan- 
sas River.     Pop.  301.     It  contains  Littleton. 

Gore,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  bordering  on 
Lake  Huron.     Pop.  258. 

Gore,  a  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  in  Falls  town- 
ship, on  the  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  A  Hocking 
Valley  Railroad,  58  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  the  Thomas  Iron-Works.  Pop.  about  500, 
Here  are  rich  mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore. 

Gore,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  22 
miles  from  Shubenacadie,  It  has  quarries  of  granite  and 
slate.     Gold  has  been  found  here.     Pop.  200. 

Gor6e,  go^ri',  a  French  colonial  town  of  Africa,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  Dakar  and  of  the  point  of  Cape  Verd.  It  covers 
two-thirds  of  the  dry  and  rooky  island  of  Gor6e.  It  has  (in 
common  with  Dakar)  a  good  harbor,  and  is  called  the 
healthiest  place  in  West  Africa,  but  the  water-supply  is  de- 
ficient. The  native  quarter  is  composed  of  grass  nuts,  but 
as  a  whole  the  town  is  pleasant,  being  decorated  with  fin« 
flowering  trees  and  shrubs.     Pop.  2452. 


(jrUK 


1288 


GOR 


Goree,  go^ri',  a  village  of  Jersey,  on  its  S.B.  ooast,  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Helier's. 

Goree^  an  island  of  the  l^etherlands.     See  Goeree. 

Gore  Island,  Alaska.     See  Saint  Matthew  Islands. 

Goreloi,  Aleutian  Islands.      See  Burnt  Island. 

Goresbridge,  gSrz'brij,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Kilkenny,  2J  miles  E.  of  Gowran. 

Gore's  Land'ing,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Rice  Lake,  12  miles  N.  of  Coburg.     P.  100. 

Gore's  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  Grant  co.,  9590  feet  high. 

Goresville,  gorz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co., 
Va.,  near  the  Potomac  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Leesburg.  It 
has  a  church. 

Goreviile,  gor'vil,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  111., 
vj  miles  W.  of  Tunnel  Hill  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tobacco-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Go'rey,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Wexford.     Pop.  2639. 

Gor'gas,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  &  Chestnut  Hill 
Railroad,  2  miles  from  Germantown,  Pa. 

Gorgona,  goR-go'n&,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Italy,  between  Corsica  and  Leghorn.  It  is  a 
wooded  rock,  about  2  miles  in  length  and  breadth,  inhabited 
by  families  engaged  in  its  fishery  of  anchovies. 

Gorgona,  goR-go'nl,  an  island  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, in  the  Bay  of  Choco,  in  the  Pacific,  110  miles  S.W. 
of  Buenaventura.     Lat.  2°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  25'  W. 

Gorgona,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the 
isthmus  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Panama,  on  the  river 
Chagres. 

Gorgonilla,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Tuhaco. 

Gorgonzola,  goR-gon-zo'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Milan.  It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  the 
Btrachino  cheese.     Pop.  4774. 

Gorgue,  or  La  Gorgne,  1&  goRg,  a  market-town  of 
France,  in  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Hazebrouck.     Pop.  1061. 

Gorham,  go'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas, 
14  miles  E.  of  Coflfeyville. 

Gorham,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  in 
Gorham  township,  on  the  Portland  <fc  Rochester  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-ofBce,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods,  carpets,  and  powder.  The  town- 
ship is  traversed  by  the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  3233;  in  1890,  2888, 

Gorham  V  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Coos  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  91  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  Me.,  and  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Washington.  Here  are  several  hotels, 
surrounded  by  admirable  scenery.  Gorham  has  4  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lum- 
ber mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1710. 

Gorham,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gorham 
township,  on  Flint  Creek,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Canandaigna,  and 
3  miles  from  Gorham  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road. It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and 
about  24  houses.     Gorham  Station  is  at  Stanley. 

Gorham,  a  post-township  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  intersected 
by  the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  2427.  It  contains 
villages  named  Gorham  and  Reed's  Comers. 

Gorham,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Michi- 
gan line.     Pop.  1655.     It  contains  Fayette. 

Gori,  go'ree%  a  town  of  Africa,  on  a  small  island  of  the 
same  name  in  the  Niger,  about  midway  between  Egga  and 
the  confluence  of  the  Benuwe. 

Gori,  go'ree  or  goVee',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transoau- 
.jasia  (Georgia),  on  the  Koor,  government  and  45  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  5183. 

Gori,  or  Gory,  a  village  of  Russia,  government  and 
42  miles  N.E.  of  Moheelev. 

Gorihir,  or  Ganrihar,  gorM-hfir',  a  petty  state  of 
India,  in  Bundelcund,  feudal  to  the  British.  Area,  76 
square  miles.  Capital,  Gorihir,  a  village  about  lat.  25°  16' 
N.,  Ion.  18°  15'  E.     Total  pop.  7600. 

Gorin,  goVin'  or  go-reen',  a  river  of  Russian  Poland, 
joins  the  Pripets  by  two  arms  about  60  miles  E.  of  Pinsk, 
after  a  tortuous  northerly  course  of  230  miles. 

Gorinchem,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.   See  Gorkum. 

Gorisseifen,  gb'ris-si^f^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 
consisting  of  three  parts, — Ober-  (o'b^r),  Nieder-  (nee'd^r), 
and  Kbniglich-  (ko'nig-liK)  Gorisseifen.     Total  pop.  2172. 

GdritZ,  gd'rits  (Ger.  Odrz,  goRts ;  It.  Gorizin,  go-rid'- 
ze-i),  a  city  of  Austria- Hungary,  capital  of  the  district  of 
GSritz,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Triest,  on  the  Isonzo.  It  con- 
sists of  an  upper  or  old  town,  enclosed  by  walls  and  with 


a  partly  ruined  castle,  now  a  prison,  and  a  lower  or  new 
and  well-built  town.  Principal  buildings,  a  fine  cathedral, 
several  other  churches,  the  archbishop's  palace,  the  barracks, 
formerly  a  Jesuits'  college,  the  town  house,  almshouses,  an 
elegant  theatre,  diocesan  school,  a  philosophical  academy, 
Piarist  and  other  colleges,  Ursuline,  Jews',  and  other  su- 
perior schools,  societies  of  agriculture  and  arts,  and  manu- 
factures of  silks,  rosoglio,  leather,  and  preserves,  with  dye- 
works,  sugar-refineries,  and  a  brisk  trade.     Pop.  16,659. 

Gdritz,or  Goritz  and  Gradiska,gv&-dis'k4,  a  dis- 
trict of  Austria,  in  the  Kiistenland,  bounded  partly  by  Ca- 
rinthia  and  partly  by  Italy.  Area,  1140  square  miles.  One 
of  the  titles  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria  is  Prince-Count  of 
Goritz  and  Gradiska.     Capital,  Goritz.     Pop.  204,076. 

GOritz,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  a  rail- 
way, 12  miles  N.N.B.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  2517.  There  are 
several  small  towns  of  this  name  in  Prussia  and  Austria. 

GdritZ,  Gradiska,  Istria,  and  Triest,  a  crown- 
land  of  Austria.     See  KttSTENLAND. 

Gorkee,  or  Gorki,  gor^kee',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov. 
ernment  of  Moheelev,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Orsha.     Pop.  5035. 

Gorkha,  a  town  of  India.     See  Goorkha. 

Gorknm,  Gorcnm,  goR'kum,  or  Gorinchem,  go'- 
rink-§m,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Meuse  (Maas),  at  the  influx  of  the  Linge, 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rotterdam.  Pop.  9301.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, manufactures  of  tobacco-pipes,  active  salmon-fishery, 
and  a  considerable  trade  in  corn,  cheese,  hemp,  and  horses. 
Gorkum  is  the  birthplace  of  several  eminent  Dutch  painters. 

Goria,  goR'14,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  4  miles  from 
Milan.     Pop.  3076. 

Gorlago,  goR-l&'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1305. 

GorHeston,  a  town  of  England,  in  Suffolk,  on  the 
Yare,  opposite  Yarmouth.  It  has  barracks  and  a  national 
school,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  great  fishery.     Pop.  4402. 

Gori  ice,  gon-leet'si,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galioia,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Neu-Sandeo.     Pop.  3666. 

G5rlitz,  goR'lits,  almost  giiR'lits  (Wendisch,  Forlerz, 
foR'lirts ;  Polish,  Gorlie,  goR'lits),  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 52  miles  W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Neisse,  and  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways.  Pop.  65,705.  It  is  walled, 
entered  by  11  gates,  and  has  3  suburbs.  Principal  edifices, 
the  church  of  Sts.  Peter  and  Paul,  a  structure  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  the  town  hall,  4  hospitals,  a  prison,  and 
an  orphan  asylum.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  library,  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloths,  bell-foundries, 
steel-  and  iron-factories,  railway-car-works,  lithographic 
printing  and  bleaching  establishments,  and  an  active  trade 
in  linen  fabrics  and  wool. 

Gor'man,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  168. 

Gorman's  Station,  post-office,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal. 

Gor'manstown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath, 
1}  miles  N.W.  of  Balbriggan. 

Gorm'Iey,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  7i  milei 
S.E.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  100. 

Goro,  go'ro,  or  Koro,  ko'ro,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands. 
Lat.  (N.  point)  17°  14'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  26'  W.  It  is  9  miles 
long.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Gorodischtch6,  go-ro-dish'oh&,  or  GorodetschOt 
go-ro-dS,'cho,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Grodno, 
near  Novogrodek.     Pop.  1600. 

Gorodi8chtch6,  or  Gorodichtchi,  go-ro-dish'chee, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  16  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Nizhnee-Novgorod.     Pop.  3400. 

Gorodischtch6,  or  Goroditch,  go-ro-ditch',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pensa. 
Pop.  3529. 

Gorodischtch^,  Goroditch6,  go-ro-dee'chi,  o. 
Pogorjeloje-Gorodischtsch6,a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Tver.     Pop.  2188. 

Gorodnia,  go-rod'ne-8,,  or  Horodnia,  ho-rod'ne-4, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  33  miles  N.E.  of  Cher- 
nigov, with  2473  inhabitants. 

Gorodok,  go-ro-dok',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vitebsk.    Pop.  2944,  mostly  Jews. 

Gorodok  Borissov,  go-ro-dok'  bo-ris-sov',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  63  miles  S.W.  of  Moscow.  Pop. 
500.  Gorodok  is  the  name  of  several  villages  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Minsk. 

Goroguea,  go-ro-gk'k,  or  Gurguea,  gooR-gA'i,  a 
river  of  Brazil,  between  the  states  of  Piauhy  and  Per- 
nambuco,  joins  the  Parahiba,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oeiras, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  320  miles. 

GorokhoT,  go-ro-kov',  Gorokhovetz,  or  Goro- 
chowez,  go-ro-ko-vSts',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  95  miles  E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Kliasma.     Pop.  2574. 


GOR 


1289 


GOS 


GorokhoT)  a  village  of  Russia,  in  Yolhynia,  30  miles 
I.E.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  1950. 

Gorontalo,  a  bay  of  Celebes.    See  Goonono-Tella. 

Gor'ran,  a  village  of  England,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Com- 
Irall,  7  miles  S.  of  St.  Austell,  with  a  haven  and  a  fishery. 
I  Gorredyk,  or  Gorredijk.  gOR'n^-dik^  a  town  of 
|he  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden. 
I  Gorrevod,  goRVod',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  18 
niles  N.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  584. 

I  Gor'rie,  or  How'ick  (also  oalled  Leech'ville),  a 
bjst-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  A 
Bruce  Railway,  and  on  the  Maitland  River,  23  miles  W.S.W. 
\{  Mount  Forest.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  shingle- 
aill,  2  tanneries,  an  iron-foundry,  carriage-  and  cheese- 
fcaotories,  3  churches,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  400. 
I  Gorron,  goR^RAu"',  a  village  of  France,  department  and 
1  miles  N.W.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  2101. 

GOrsbach)  goRs'b&K,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  35 
Qiles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  with  a  church.     Pop.  1503. 

Gorsel,  goR's^l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
and,  5  miles  N.  of  Zutphen.     Pop.  629. 
I  Gor'such,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  ifcOhio  Railroad, 
58  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

j  Gorsuch's  MillS)  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
VId.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

i  Gort,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.N.E.  of  Ennis.  It  has  barracks,  workhouse,  and  large 
jnarket.     Pop.  1773. 

■  Gor'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  Si  miles 
ji7  rail  E.S.E.  of  Manchester,  of  which  it  forms  a  suburb. 
Pop.  21,616. 

<  Gor'ton,  a  station  in  Grant  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paiil 
k  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Breokenridge,  on  a  very 
jcvel  prairie.     Elevation,  1012  feet. 
!  Gortope,  a  village  of  Thibet.    See  Garoo. 
i  Gortpoo,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.    See  Itooboop. 
;  Gortynia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Metropoli. 
j  Goruckpoor,  or  Gorakhpur,  goViik-poor',  a  dis- 
iffiot  of  the  North-West  Provinces,  India,  having  Nepaul  on 
n  e  N.,  Bengal  on  the  E.,  and  the  river  Goggra  on  the  S. 
Area,  4584  square  miles.     Except  at  the  foot  of  the  Hima- 
aya,  which  is  bordered  by  a  terai,  or  marshy  tract  of  un- 
ioalthy  jungle,  most  of  the  district  is  very  fertile  and  well 
n  Itivated.     Capital,  Goruckpoor.     Pop.  2,019,350. 
!  Goruckpoor,  or  Gorakhpar,  a  town  of  India,  cap- 
It  d  of  the  district  of  Goruckpoor,  on  the  navigable  river 
aiptee,  80  miles  E.  of  Fyzabad.     It  has  some  celebrated 
*ut  ill-kept  temples,  and  the  Imambarra,  an  old  palace. 
j?lie  town  is  filthy  and  neglected,  and  is  overrun  with  troops 
fi  monkeys,  here  objects  of  popular  veneration.   P.  53,853. 

Gory,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  GoRi. 
I  Gdrz,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  Goritz. 
j  Gorze,  goRz,  a  town  of  Lorraine,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Metz.     Pop,  1531. 

Gdrzke,  goRts'k^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  proArince  of 
5f-xony,  27  miles  E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  1475. 
!  Gosar'ly,  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Agra. 
I  Go'shen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Ark.,  85 
piles  from  Pierce  City,  Mo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- 
j'actory. 

I  Goshen,  a  station  in  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  a  terminus  of  the  Visalia  division,  10 
piles  N.  by  W.  of  Tulare. 

I  Goshen,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  oo..  Conn.,  in 
jJoshen  township,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
|ia^  an  academy.  It  is  surrounded  by  good  dairy-farms, 
fhe  township  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
ram,  butter,  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1223. 

L Goshen,  a  parish  in  Lebanon  township.  New  London 
.,  Conn.,  has  a  church  and  india-rubber  works,  and  is  5 
iniles  N.W.  of  Yantic  Station. 

Goshen,  Windham  co.,  Conn.    See  Clark's  Corner, 
;   Goshen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga.,  50  miles 
p.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 
j   Goshen,  a  township  of  Stark  co..  111.     Pop.  1270.    It 
jontains  Lafayette. 

1^  Goshen,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
pllkhart  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan 
tlailroad  and  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
•oad  (Air-Line  division),  10  miles  S.E.  of  Elkhart,  111  miles 
p.  by  S.  of  Chicago,  and  25  miles  N,  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a 
3ourt-house,  12  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  private  banks, 
|ind  a  high  school.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
.fere  published  here.  Goshen  has  3  flouring-mills,  2  iron- 
/oundries,  a  woollen-mill,  19  furniture-factories,  and  manu- 
factures of  pumps,  school-furniture,  blinds,  and  farming- 
iinnlements.  Pop.  in  1890,  6033. 
82 


Goshen,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1286 

It  contains  Atalissa. 

Goshen,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  603. 

Goshen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ey.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  La  Grange.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Goshen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  Sb 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Goshen,  a  post-township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop,  349. 

Goshen,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  township,  Meroer 
CO.,  Mo.,  5  miles  W.  of  Princeton,  and  about  45  miles  N.  of 
Chillicothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Goshen,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo., 
N.H.,  about  33  miles  W.  of  Concord.  The  township  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  607, 

Goshen,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Millville,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Delaware  Bay.  It 
has  4  churches.     Many  oysters  and  crabs  are  procured  here. 

Goshen,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Goshen  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  60 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Newburg. 
The  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad  and  Pine  Island  Branch  of 
the  Erie  Railroad  connect  here  with  the  main  line.  Goshen 
contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  several 
classical  schools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  news- 

?apers.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  cheese,  tiles,  Ac. 
op.  2907.  Large  quantities  of  butter  and  milk  are  ex- 
ported from  this  place.  Goshen  township,  which  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Wallkill  River,  is  noted  for  the  superior 
quality  of  its  butter.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills 
of  gradual  slope  which  are  arable  to  the  summits.  Total 
pop.  in  1890,  5021. 

Goshen,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  524. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  2163.  It 
contains  Belmont  and  Fairmount. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop.  1966. 
It  contains  Mechanicsburg. 

Goshen,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  2  miles  from  Hill's  Station,  and  about  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  Here  are  the  Goshen  Seminary  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  274;  of  the  township,  1876. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  928. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1475. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Garfield. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  4650. 
It  contains  New  Philadelphia  and  Lockport.  Gtoshen  Sta- 
tion of  the  Tuscarawas  Valley  Railroad  is  3  miles  S.E.  of 
New  Philadelphia. 

Goshen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on  th« 
Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  bounded  S. 
by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.     Pop,  468, 

Goshen,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa,,  and  a  station 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad, 

Goshen,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co,,  Tenn. 

Goshen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co,,  Tex.,  about 
45  miles  N,N,W,  of  Palestine,     It  has  a  church, 

Goshen,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Santaquin  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Goshen,  a  township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.  Its  centre  is 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Brandon.     Pop.  330. 

Goshen,  or  Goshen  Bridge,  a  post- village  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.,  Va.,  on  Calf  Pasture  River,  and  on  the  Chesa- 
peake A  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has 
3  churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Goshen  Bridge, 
and  its  station  is  Goshen, 

Goshen  and  Wilmington  Pike,  the  station  name 
of  Pleasant  Plain,  Ohio, 

Goshen  Creek,  Duplin  oo.,  N.C,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Cape  Fear  River. 

Goshen  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Goshen  Hill, post-township.  Union  co,,  S.C.     P.  1431. 

Goshen  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rankin  oo..  Miss., 
14^  miles  S.E.  of  Canton  Station.     It  has  2  churobes, 

Go'shenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa,,  22 
miles  W,  of  Philadelphia. 

Goshop,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Gojeb, 

Goslar,  gos'lar,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  27 
miles  S,E,  of  Hildesheim,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ocker,  at 
the  N,E,  foot  of  the  Harz.  Pop.  9823,  mostly  employed 
in  the  adjacent  mines  of  the  Rammelsberg,  but  partly  in 
manufactures  of  vitriol,  shot,  hardwares,  carpets,  leather, 
Ac.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  with  houses  in  an  antique 
style,  it  being  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Germany.  The 
principal   buildings   and  antiquities   are  portions  of  the 


GOS 


1290 


GOT 


oathediiil  and  of  an  imperial  palace,  now  a  corn-magazine, 
with  some  churches  and  conventual  edifices,  a  hospital,  a 
college,  and  the  Zwinger,  an  old  tower,  now  used  for  a  place 
of  entertainment.  Goslar  is  the  seat  of  the  mining  council 
of  the  Harz. 

Gos'nold,  a  township  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.  Pop.  115. 
It  comprises  the  Elizabeth  Islands. 

Gos'per,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  468  square  miles.  The  Platte  River  touches  its 
N.E.  comer.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
Capital,  xMilton.     Pop.  in  1880,  1673;  in  1890,  4816. 

Gospichf  gos'plK,  a  town  of  Austria- Hungary,  in  Cro- 
atia, 14  miles  E.  of  Carlopago.     Pop.  1500. 

Gos'port,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Hants,  separated  from  Portsmouth  by  the  mouth  of  Ports- 
mouth harbor.  It  is  at  the  termination  of  a  branch  of  the 
Southwestern  Railway,  66  miles  S.W.  of  London.  Pop. 
7366,  mostly  engaged  in  government  navy  works,  or  in 
retail  trade  and  the  supply  of  shipping.  Gosport  has  ex- 
tensive barracks,  the  Royal  Clarence  victualling-yard,  a 
powder-magazine,  iron-foundries,  and  a  county  house  of 
correction.  Outside  of  the  town,  on  the  S.,  is  Haslar  Hos- 
pital, a  naval  infirmary. 

Gos'port,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Jackson,  and  2  miles  from  the  Alabama  River.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Gosport)  a  post-village  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
&  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  orosses  the  Indianapolis  <k 
Yinoennes  Railroad,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Spencer.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  ofBce.     Pop.  in  1890,  720, 

Gosport)  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  108. 

Gosport)  a  township  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.H.  It 
comprises  White,  Star,  and  Londoner's  Islands,  which  are 
those  of  the  Isles  of  Shoals  that  are  under  New  Hamp- 
shire jurisdiction,  the  others  being  in  York  co..  Me.  The 
former  fishing  village  of  Gosport  was  on  Star  Island,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  of  township,  94. 

Gosport)  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Portsmouth,  and  is  adjacent  to  the  United  States  navy 
yard.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Southern  Branch  of 
the  Elizabeth  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  wall  of  the  navy 
yard.     It  has  a  church. 

GossaU)  gos'sSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
6  miles  W.S.W,  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  of  commune,  3485. 

GosselieS)  gos^s^h-lee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
4  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Charleroi.  It  has  manufactures  of 
hats,  cloth,  nails,  and  edge-tools.     Pop.  6511. 

Gos'sett)  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  Yincennes  Railroad,  84  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

GossnitZ)  goss'nits,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Pleisse,  31  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Leip- 
sic.     Pop.  3647. 

Goss  Run  Junction)  a  station  on  the  Tyrone  A,  Clear- 
field Railroad,  1  mile  from  Moshannon,  Pa.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  a  branch  road. 

Gostenhof)  gos't^n-hof  \  a  town  of  Bavaria,  1  mile 
S.W.  of  Nuremberg,  of  which  it  is  now  a  part,  on  the  Lud- 
wig  Canal  and  the  Furth  Railway. 

GostiU)  or  GostyU)  gos'tin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3077. 

GostyniU)  gos-te-neen',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  and  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  5907. 

Gota)  go'ti,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Sattarah  domin- 
ions, 23  miles  S.W.  of  Bejapoor. 

Gota)  a  river  of  Sweden.     See  Gotha. 

Gotaland)  the  Swedish  name  of  Gothland. 

Goteborg)  a  city  of  Sweden.    See  Gothenburg. 

Gotha)  go'ti,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha,  and  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Gotha,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  26,526.  It 
stands  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  the  palace  of 
Friedenstein,  the  usual  residence  of  the  sovereign  of  Saxe- 
Coburg  and  Gotha,  and  containing  a  good  gallery  of  paint- 
ings, a  library  of  240,000  volumes,  one  of  the  finest  cabi- 
nets of  coins  in  Europe,  collections  of  Japanese  and  Chi- 
nese curiosities,  and  various  museums  of  arts  and  science. 
Gotha  is  one  of  the  best-built  towns  in  Germany,  and  is  en- 
3losed  by  handsome  boulevards,  which  replace  its  ancient 
fortifications.  It  contains  numerous  churches,  an  arsenal, 
a  gymnasium,  one  of  the  most  esteemed  in  Germany,  a 
duoal  high  school,  orphan  and  lunatic  asylum,  a  house  of 
correction,  an  institution  for  neglected  children,  the  Caro- 


line Establishment  for  Poor  Girls,  a  polytechnic  and  a  nor- 
mal school,  school  of  trades,  society  of  arts,  &c.  Its  manu- 
factures comprise  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  carpets,  yarn, 
sail-cloth,  leather,  tin,  and  lacquered  wares,  fire-engines, 

Eaper-hangings,  and  musical  and  scientific  instruments.  It 
as  many  dyeing-establishments,  and  a  large  porcelain- 
factory  ;  and  Gotha  sausages  are  in  high  repute.  Near  it 
are  the  observatory  of  the  Seeburg  and  the  ducal  residence 
of  Friedrichsthal.  Since  1764,  the  excellent  "  Almanach  de 
Gotha"  has  been  published  here.  The  Duchy  op  Gotha, 
forming  the  larger  part  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  lies  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  Thuringian  Forest.  Area,  including  several 
small  detached  parts,  540  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875, 
128,092;  in  1880,  137,988;  in  1890,  147,226. 

G5tha,  or  Gota)  g8't&  (Sw.  Gota-Elf,  yb'ti-Slf),  a 
river  of  Sweden,  forming  the  outlet  of  Lake  Wener,  falls 
into  the  Cattegat,  lat.  57°  40'  N.,  Ion.  11°  50'  E,  It  is 
navigable  through  its  whole  extent. 

Gotha  (go'ti  or  yo'tS.)  Canal)  of  Sweden,  unites  Lakes 
Wener  and  Wetter,  and  the  Baltic  Sea,  with  the  Cattegat, 
by  the  Gota-Elf,  Trolhsetta  Canal,  Ac.  Length,  nearly  26 
miles ;  breadth  at  base,  40  feet ;  depth,  9  feet. 

Gothenburg)  or  Gottenburg)  got'§n-biirg  (Sw. 
Ooteborg,  yo'ti-boRg^),  a  seaport  city  of  Southwestern 
Sweden,  capital  of  a  Isen  of  its  own  name,  and  at  the  head 
of  a  fiord  on  the  Cattegat,  which  receives  the  Gotha  River, 
immediately  opposite  the  N.  extremity  of  Denmark.  Rail- 
ways connect  it  with  the  principal  towns  of  Sweden.  It  con- 
sists of  a  lower  and  an  upper  town,  the  former  in  a  marshy 
plain  and  intersected  by  canals,  the  latter  picturesquely 
scattered  over  adjacent  rocky  heighta.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
Lutheran  bishop.  Principal  edifices,  the  exchange,  ar- 
senal. East  India  House,  town  hall,  a  cathedral  and  sev- 
eral other  churches,  the  theatre,  barracks,  and  some  hospi. 
tals.  It  has  a  school  for  children  of  soldiers,  a  free  school, 
two  orphan  asylums,  a  college,  a  public  library,  a  society 
of  arts  and  sciences,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  &c.  The 
harbor,  defended  by  3  forts,  has  20  feet  of  water,  and  a 
grand  dry-dock  cut  in  solid  rock.  Gothenburg  is,  after 
Stockholm,  the  most  important  trading  city  of  the  king- 
dom, having  factories  for  weaving,  spinning,  and  printing 
cotton  goods,  manufactures  of  woollens  and  sail-cloth,  snnff, 
glass,  paper,  and  porter,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  ship- 
building docks,  Ac. ;  the  products  of  which  establishmenU 
form,  after  iron,  timber,  matches,  staves,  wood-pulp,  butter, 
oats,  cattle,  beans,  peas,  iron,  tar,  copper,  oak  Dark,  bones, 
berries,  and  rock-moss,  the  principal  exports.  The  import* 
mostly  comprise  colonial  products,  salt,  rice,  petroleum, 
bacon,  coal,  coke,  fire-brick,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  104,657. 

Gothenburg  (or  Goteborg)  and  Bohiis,  a  Isen  or 
province  of  Sweden,  having  W.  the  Skager-Rack  and  Cat- 
tegat. Area,  1891  square  miles.  Capital,  Gothenburg. 
Pop.'in  1890,  297,780. 

Gothenburg)  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co..  Neb.,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churohM, 
a  public  school,  3  baiiks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in 
1890,  535. 

Gothia)  an  old  division  of  Sweden.     See  Gothland. 

Goth'ic  Mountain)  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  computed  to  be  4744  feet  high. 

Gothic  Mountain)  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  38°  57'  N.,  Ion.  107°  W.  Its  altitude  is 
12,570  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  exhibits  some  likeness 
to  the  spires  and  pinnacles  of  Gothic  architecture. 

Gothland)  or  G5thland,  goth'land  ("  land  of  the 
Goths;"  Sw.  Qota-land,  y6't4-lind\-  Fr.  Gothie,  goHee'; 
L.  Gothia),  a  former  division  of  Sweden,  comprising  all  the 
kingdom  S.  of  lat.  59°  20'  N.  It  was  divided  into  East, 
West,  and  South  Gothland.  None  of  these  appellation^ 
however,  are  recognized  in  the  recent  distribution  of 
Sweden  into  provinces.  The  province  of  East  Gothland,  or 
Ostrogothia,  is  mostly  identical  with  the  Isen  of  Linkoping; 
and  West  Gothland,  or  Westrogothia,  with  those  of  Mane- 
stad,  Gothenburg,  and  part  of  Elfsborg. 

Gothland)  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Gottland. 

Gotkee)  got'kee\  a  small  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indir 
37  miles  N.E.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Gotland)  an  island  of  Sweden.     See  Gottland. 

Go'to,  Got'tO)  Gots  Islands)  or  The  Ftf» 
Islands,  the  westernmost  group  of  Japan,  consisting  of 
five  islands  between  lat.  32°  40'  and  33°  30'  N.  and  about 
Ion.  129°  E.  The  two  largest  islands  are  each  nearly  is 
miles  long. 

Gottenburg)  a  city  of  Sweden.    See  GoTHENBuaa.    _ 

GotterU)  got't?rn.  Old  and  Great,  two  "^^^f^ 
Prussian  Saxony,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  of  OW 
Gottern,  1128  ;  of  Great  Gottem,  1806. 


GOT 


1291 


GOU 


Gottesberg,  got't^s-bfiRG^  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

•  0  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau.  It  has  coal-mining  and  linen- 
ind  hosiery-weaving.     Pop.  6445. 

Gottesgab,  got't^s-gib^,  a  small  mining  town  of  Bo- 
.  emia,  circle  and  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elbogen.  Pop.  1262. 
\  Gotteshaus  Bund,  Switzerland.  See  Grisons. 
I  Gbttingen,  or  GcBttingen,  gdt'ting-^n  (Ger.  pron. 
|o'ting-§n ;  Fr.  Oaettingue,  ghiVtks^' ;  L.  Oottin'ga),  a  town 
>f  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  at  a  railway  junc- 
ion,  60  miles  S.  of  Hanover.  Lat.  51°  31'  47"  N.j  Ion.  9° 
if.'  45"  E.     Pop.  23,689.    It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  the 

ountain  Haimberg,  and  consists  of  the  old  and  new  towns 
[nd  the  quarter  of  Masch.  The  streets  are  broad  and  well 
aved,  and  the  ramparts,  planted  with  trees,  form  a  pleasant 
ubiio  promenade.  Principal  edifices,  the  churches,  the 
niversity  hall,  finished  in  1837,  the  court-house,  surgical 
Ind  lying-in  hospitals,  an  astronomical  and  a  magnetical 
'servatory,  theatre  of  anatomy,  museum,  and  a  large 
ding-school.  Its  university,  founded  by  George  II.  in 
734,  and  rechartered  in  1836,  was  once  the  chief  of  the 
erman  universities.  Connected  with  the  establishment  are 
i  library  of  400,000  printed  volumes  and  5000  manuscripts, 
I  noble  academical  museum,  founded  in  1773,  a  botanic  gar- 
ten,  and  various  other  institutions,  including  the  SprxKh 
Collegium,  a  judicial  society,  for  whose  decision  questions 
ire  brought  from  all  parts  of  Germany;  also  a  society  of 
biences,  established  in  1751,  a  female  high  school,  and  a 
iduse  of  correction.  Gottingen  was  formerly  one  of  the 
^Einse  towns,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
t  iffs,  colored  paper,  musical  and  surgical  instruments,  iron 
ji.d  steel  wares,  starch,  and  soap;  but  those  of  tobacco- 
lipes  and  sausages,  and  the  sale  of  books,  are  the  only 
Kurishing  branches  of  trade,  and  the  town  depends  for 
lupport  mainly  on  its  university. 

I  Gottland,  or  Gothland,  gott'land  {i.e.,  "good  land"), 
ii  island  of  the  Baltic,  belonging  to  Sweden,  of  which  it 
jorms,  with  some  smaller  islands,  the  Isen  of  Gottland  or 
i^isby,  between  lat.  56°  55'  and  58°  N.  and  Ion.  18°  10' 
id  19°  10'  E.     Area,  1227  square  miles.     Surface  gener- 

II  ly  from  200  to  300  feet  above  the  sea ;  coasts  indented  by 
iiimerous  bays.  Soil  pretty  fertile,  though  ill  cultivated. 
wrn  and  other  vegetable  products  are  raised  in  quantities 
jnflScient  for  home  consumption,  and  live-stock  is  plenti- 
ful; timber,  marble,  sandstone,  and  lime  are  exported  to 
Stockholm.  The  island  has  a  special  military  organization. 
Ci.pital,  Wisby.     Pop.  of  Isen,  54,964. 

I  Gottlieben,  got'lee^b^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
to a  of  Thurgau,  2  miles  W.  of  Constance,  and  having  a  cas- 
1(1,  which  was  the  prison  of  John  Huss,  Jerome  of  Prague, 
Ird  Malleolus.     Pop.  244. 

I  Gotto,  got' to,  a  country  of  Africa,  between  Bambarra 
Ird  Timbuctoo,  formerly  divided  into  several  petty  states 
le  pendent  on  Bambarra,  but  now  an  independent  kingdom, 
a  which  Mossidoo  is  the  capital. 
I  Gotto  Islands,  of  Japan.    See  Goto  Islands. 
i   Gottolengo,  got-to-lfin'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
terdy,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop,  2712. 
I  Gottorf,  got'toRf,  or  Gottorp,  got'toRp,  a  former  amt 
kf  Denmark,  now  in  Germany,  with  a  castle,  3  miles  S.W. 
}i  the  town  of  Sleswick. 

I  Gottschee,  got'chi,  or  Hatschvie,  hitch'vee,  a  town 
|>f  Carinthia,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Laybach,  Pop.  1000. 
I  Gottska-Sandoe,  gott'sk&-s&n'do^Qh,  a  small  island 
jn  the  Baltic,  belonging  to  Sweden,  Isen  and  30  miles 
S.N.E.  of  Gottland.  Lat.  58°  25'  N.;  Ion.  29°  15'  E. 
Length,  5  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 
{  Gouap,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.  See  Yap. 
I  Gouda,  g5w'da  (Dutch  pron.  nSw'di),  or  Tergonw, 
{.^r-gSw',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on 
he  Yssel,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Rotter- 
lam.  Pop.  17,070.  It  is  neatly  built.  Principal  edifice, 
.he  church  of  St.  John,  remarkable  for  its  stained  glass 
[windows.  It  has  four  other  churches,  a  fine  town  hall, 
ieveral  hospitals,  a  Latin  school,  a  town  library  with  curious 
'nanuscripts,  numerous  tobacco-pipe  factories,  brick-kilns, 
jnanufactures  of  woollens,  sail-cloth,  and  cordage,  and  large 
Inarkets  for  cheese  and  other  rural  produce. 

•  Gouffre,  goofiTr,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  the  Mont- 
ies-Roches, CO.  of  Saguenay,  and  falls  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence opposite  the  Isle  aux  Coudres.  Lat.  47°  25'  N. ;  Ion. 
^0°  30'  W.  It  is  tortuous  and  full  of  rapids.  The  estuary 
of  this  river,  with  the  exception  of  its  bed,  is  almost  dry  at 
low  water. 

■^    Gongeville,  New  York.    See  Long  Lake. 
i>    Gough's  (gofTs)  Island,  or  Diego  Alvarez,  de- 
I'go  il-vfi,'r6z,  an  island  of  the  South  Atlantic.     Lat.  40° 
20'  S.  J  Ion.  9°  44'  W. 


Gou'glersville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Goukeka,  or  Goukcha.    See  Goktmcre-Denohib 

Gonlburn,  gSl'biirn,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  Sonth 
Wales,  128  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Sydney.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  Anglican  and  a  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  hospital,  jail, 
and  other  good  public  buildings.     Pop.  4453. 

Goulburn,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia,  has  a  gener- 
ally N.  course  of  230  miles,  and  joins  the  Murray  6  miles 
above  Eohuca.     Its  lower  portion  is  navigable  for  boats. 

Goulburn's  Islands,  two  small  islands  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Australia,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coburg  Peninsula. 
Lat.  11°  30'  S.;  Ion.  133°  25'  E.- 

Gonld,  goold,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Robinson.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores, 
and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Gonld  (goold)  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo. 

Gouldja,  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kooldja. 

Gould's,  a  station  in  JefTerson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan 
Handle  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Steubenville. 

Goulds'borough,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  is  a  peninsula  bounded  by  the  sea  on  all  sides  except 
the  N.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and  contains  villages 
named  Gouldsborough,  Prospect  Harbor,  and  West  Goulds- 
borough.  Gouldsborough  village  is  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea, 
24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ellsworth.  The  township  has  several 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  1709. 

Gouldsborough,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Buck  township,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  about  18  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Gould's  Switch,  a  hamlet  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  aboat 
76  miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Goulds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont 
pelier.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  flannel. 

Gould'town,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
in  Bridgeton  and  Fairfield  townships,  2  miles  from  Brick- 
ville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Goulja,  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kooldja. 

Goumish-Khaneh,  Turkey.    See  Goomish-Khanbh. 

Gonmri,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Alexandropol. 

Gounabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Goonabad. 

Gonndiam,  a  village  of  West  Africa.     See  Goondiak. 

Gouniam-Amadou.    See  Gooniah-Amadoo. 

Gouniam-Sisse,  Africa.    See  Gooniam-Sisse. 

Gounieh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Goonieh. 

Gounong-Api.    See  Goonong-Apee. 

Gonr,  or  Gaur,  gSwr  (Sanscrit,  Lakahmanavati,  oi 
Laknauti ;  Mohammedan,  Jennatabad,  jSn^na-ti-bid', 
"  abode  of  paradise, ;"  perhaps  the  Gauge  Regia  of  Ptol- 
emy), a  ruined  city  of  Bengal  (of  which  it  was  anciently  the 
capital),  60  miles  N.W.  of  Moorshedabad.  Its  remains  ex- 
tend over  an  area  of  more  than  20  square  miles,  on  which 
only  a  few  straggling  villages  now  exist.  Extensive  embank- 
ments faced  with  brick,  bridges  and  roads  of  the  same 
material,  two  fine  gateways,  a  large  fort  containing  a  mauso- 
leum, 7  or  8  deserted  mosques,  a  lofty  tower,  and  a  multitude 
of  large  tanks  and  reservoirs  are  the  principal  remaining 
structures,  many  of  which  are  of  Mohammedan  origin.  The 
cities  of  Moorshedabad,  Dacca,  Malda,  ko.,  have  been  in  a 
great  part  built  of  the  materials  of  its  edifices,  and  some  of 
its  fine  buildings  were  destroyed  to  erect  the  cathedral  of 
Calcutta. 

Gonr'din's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamsburg 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  52  miles  N.  of 
Charleston. 

Gourdon,  gooRMds"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  28 
miles  N.  of  Cahors.  It  has  a  handsome  church,  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  stuflfs,  and  an  orphan  asylum.     Pop.  2688. 

Gonr'don,  a  small  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  co.  o' 
Kincardine,  1  mile  S.  of  Bervie.     Pop.  714. 

Gourgan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gooroaun. 

Gouriel,  a  province  of  Asia.    See  Gooriel. 

Gonriev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gooriev. 

Gourin,  gooV^N"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
61  miles  N.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1326. 

Gonrnay,  gooR'ni',  or  Gonrnay-en-Bray,  gooR  - 
n&'-&N<>-bri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf^rieure,  on  the 
Epte,  34  miles  E.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  3064. 

Gonrock,  goo'rfik,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ren 
frew,  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  3  miles  by  tramway  W.  of 
Greenock.    It  is  a  bathing-place.     Pop.  3082. 

Gou'rock,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Gourock,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  4  miles  8.  of 
Guelph.     Pop.  100. 

Gonronconda,  India.    See  GtooRTwooNDA. 


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1292 


GRA 


Gonrsouf,  a  village  of  Russia.    See  Goorsoop. 

GouS)  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Goes. 

Gousta,  goos'ti,  or  Gonsta-Fjeld,  goos'ti-fyild,  a 
mountain  of  Norway,  lat.  60°  N.,  belonging  to  and  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Langfjeld  range.  Height,  6354  feet,  and 
comparable,  in  respect  of  the  magnificence  of  its  scenery, 
to  some  of  the  loftiest  summits  of  the  Alps. 

Goutchka,  Russia.     See  Goktsche-Denghis. 

Gouvea,  gd-v4'&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  53 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2200. 

Gouverneur,  goov^^r-noor',  often  proTiounced  guv^^r- 
neer',  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y,,  in  Gouver- 
neur township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  and  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Ogdens- 
burg,  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  5 
churches,  2  banks,  the  Gouverneur  Wesleyan  Seminary,  3 
newspaper  ofBces,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  machinery, 
lumber,  &o.  Iron  ore,  marble,  fluor-spar,  heavy  spar,  ser- 
pentine, and  spinelle  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3458;  of  the  township,  5851. 

Gouy-le-Pi6toii,  goo^ee'-l^h-pe-i^tAw',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Charleroi.     P.  3700. 

Gouzeaucourt,  goo^zo^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2384. 

Govan,  gSv'an,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Clyde,  just  below  Glasgow,  of  which  it  forms  a 
suburb.  Here  are  very  extensive  docks  for  building  iron 
ships,  and  other  large  industrial  establishments,  also  a 
public  library.     Pop.  in  1871,  19,179;  in  1891,  61,364. 

Go'vanstown,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  4  churches,  a  convent,  a 
Catholic  academy,  a  savings-institution,  several  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  &c. 

Govay,  supposed  ancient  name  of  GoA. 

Gove,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas.  Area,  1020 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Smoky  Hill  River  and 
the  North  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1880,  1196;  in  1890, 
2994. 

Goven,  goWby',  a  village  of  France,  in  Xlle-et-Vilaine, 
26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  2167. 

Govemador,  or  Ilha  do  Governador,  eel'yi  do 
go-v5R-n8,-doR',  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  bay  and  8  miles 
N.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  about  8  miles  in  breadth,  and  28  miles 
in  circuit.  In  some  parts,  sugar-cane,  manioc,  millet,  and 
beans  are  grown.  The  island  contains  a  church  and  a 
primary  school,  and  a  building  which  bears  the  name  of 
imperial  palace.     Pop.  2856. 

Gov'ernment's  Island,  in  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  is  in 
the  Mississippi  River,  between  the  cities  of  Rook  Island,  111., 
and  Davenport,  Iowa.  It  is  3  miles  long,  and  has  an  area 
of  960  acres.  It  is  a  United  States  government  reserva- 
tion, has  fine  arsenals,  and  is  connected  by  bridges  with 
either  shore  of  the  river.     Pop.  165. 

GoT'ernor  Run,  a  post-oflSce  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

GoT'ernor's  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Boston,  Mass., 
lies  on  the  N.  side  of  the  main  ship-channel,  opposite  Castle 
Island.  Upon  it  are  Fort  Winthrop  and  other  works  for 
defence. 

Governor's  Island,  New  York,  is  in  New  York  har- 
bor, nearly  §  of  a  mile  S.  of  the  Battery,  and  is  separated 
from  the  12th  ward  of  Brooklyn  by  Buttermilk  Channel.  It 
is  about  i  mile  in  diameter,  belongs  to  the  United  States, 
and  is  fortified  by  Fort  Columbus. 

Govind,  a  river  and  town  of  Africa.     See  Juba. 

GoVindgarh',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Alvar  state. 
Pop.  5213. 

Govone,  go-vo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
near  the  Tanaro,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3156. 

GoAvan'da,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  and  Brie 
COS.,  N.Y.,  is  on  both  sides  of  Cattaraugus  Creek,  and  on  the 
Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  the 
Brie  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Buffalo,  and  20  miles  B.  of 
Dunkirk.  It  contains  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
ofiBee,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  a  pump-factory,  an 
axe-factory,  a  plough-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Gow'deysville,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  9 
miles  from  Gaffney's  Station.     Pop.  957. 

Gow'en,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Montcalm  township,  on  Flat  River,  and  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  64  miles  N.W.  of 
Lansing,  and  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  250. 

Gowen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Black 
Creek  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazelton  &  Wilkesbarre 
Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Danville.     Here  is  a  coal-mine. 


Gow'en  City,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa, 
about  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Shamokin. 

Gow'ensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C 
22  miles  N.W,  of  Spartanburg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  seminary. 

Gower,  gSw'^r,  or  Gwer,  goo'^r,  a  peninsula  of  South 
Wales,  projecting  about  15  miles  into  Bristol  Channel,  and 
forming  the  westernmost  part  of  the  county  of  Glamorgan. 
It  has  bold,  rocky,  and  deeply  indented  shores,  several  in- 
teresting ancient  remains,  and  much  fine  scenery.  Pop. 
10,000.  A  colony  of  Flemings  have  occupied  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  this  peninsula  since  the  reign  of  Henry  I.  They 
have  preserved  much  of  their  original  language,  dress,  and 
manners,  and  rarely  intermarry  with  the  Welsh. 

Gow'er,  a  post-oflBce  of  Du  Page  co..  111. 

Gower,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  888. 

Gower,  a  post- village  of  Clintonville  co..  Mo.,  20  milea 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  328. 

Gower  (g5w'^r)  Island,  one  of  the  Solomon  group. 
Lat.  7°  53'  S. ;  Ion.  160°  55'  E.  Its  shape  resembles  an 
arrow.     It  is  low  and  covered  with  wood. 

Gow'er's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar 
River,  opposite  Cedar  BluflF. 

Gownatty,  Goahati,  Gohatti,orGanliati,g5w- 
h&t'tee,  written  also  Gwahati,  gwi-h&'tee,  a  town  of 
India,  the  capital  and  largest  town  of  Assam  and  of  the 
Camroop  district,  on  the  Brahmapootra,  70  miles  E.  of  Goal- 
para.     Pop.  11,492. 

Gow'ran,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  6f  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Thomastown. 

Gowrie,  Scotland.    See  Carse  of  Gowrie. 

Gow'rie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  21  mile* 
by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4  churches,  public  schools, 
2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  ofiBce.     Pop.  526. 

Goya,  go'y&,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in 
Corrienies,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Parand.     Pop.  4042. 

Goyanna,  go-y&n'n&,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Per* 
nambuco,  on  the  Goyanna  River,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Olinda. 
It  has  a  Latin  and  other  schools,  a  hospital,  a  convent,  6 
churches,  and  numerous  factories,  is  the  seat  of  civil  and 
criminal  courts,  and  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  5000. 

Goyave,  go-y4v',  a  town  on  the  island  of  Guadeloupe, 
West  Indies,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Petit  GoyaVe.     Pop.  1043. 

Goyaz,  go-y&z',  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  a  state  of 
its  own  name,  formerly  called  Villa  Boa.  Lat.  16°  21' 
S.;  Ion.  50°  35'  W.  The  river  Vermelho  divides  the  town 
into  two  parts.  It  contains  the  governor's  palace,  7  chu  rches, 
a  Latin  school  and  a  school  of  philosophy,  and  is  the  seat 
of  the  legislative  assembly  of  the  province.  It  is  a  bishop'a 
Bee.     Pop.  about  8000. 

Goyaz,  the  central  state  of  Brazil,  extending  between 
lat.  8°  and  20°  S.  and  Ion.  46°  and  52°  W.  Area,  288,546 
square  miles.  Pop.  211,721.  The  principal  mountains  are 
the  Sierra  of  Matto  Gordo.  The  (fcrdillera  Grande,  in  its 
centre,  rises  to  no  great  height.  Principal  rivers,  the  To- 
cantins  in  the  centre,  the  Araguay,  forming  its  W.,  and  the 
Rio  Grande,  its  S.  boundary.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Vast 
herds  of  horned  cattle  are  reared.  Gold  was  formerly  plen- 
tiful. No  mines  appear  to  be  now  wrought,  and  every  branch 
of  industry  is  backward.     Principal  town,  Goyaz. 

Goyck,  go-ik',  or  Goyeck,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  South  Brabant,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     P.  2900. 

Goy>Esili,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Guasila. 

Goyzueta,  go-e-thwi't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1460. 

Gozo,  or  Gozzo,  got'zo  (anc.  Gau'los),  one  of  the 
Maltese  group  of  islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Malta.  Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  4i  miles.  Rabato, 
its  chief  town,  is  situated  near  the  centre.  Fort  Chambray 
is  on  its  S.E.  coast.  The  chief  object  of  interest  in  the 
island  is  the  Giant's  Tower,  a  cyclopean  building. 

Gozzano,  got-si'no  (L.  Gaudianum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Novara.  It  has  a  hand- 
some church,  and  the  remains  of  a  castle.     Pop.  2039. 

Graaf,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Grave. 

Graaf-Reynet  (or  -Reinet),  grif-ri'net,  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  capital  of  Graaf-Reynet  division, 
on  the  Sunday  River,  200  miles  N.  of  Port  Elizabeth.  It 
is  a  thriving  town,  the  seat  of  Graaf-Reynet  College,  sad, 
being  beautifully  situated,  is  called  "the  gem  of  the  desert." 
Pop.  3717.  The  division  is  mountainous,  well  timbered,  and 
productive.     Area,  4567  square  miles.     Pop.  16,774. 

Graaf schap,  grSfskap,  a  post- village  of  Allegan  ^- 
Mich.,  in  Fillmore  and  Laketown  townships,  3i  miles  S." 
of  Holland  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 


GRA 


1293 


GRA 


i  Graasteen,  a  village  of  Germany.    See  Gravenstein. 

IGraauW,  nrSw,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zea- 
nd,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bergen-op-Zoom.     Pop.  1776. 
Grab'all)  a    post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  4 
.iles  from  Courtney  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 
I  Grabalos,  gr&-Ba1oce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
jrovince  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  1269. 
iGraber,  gri'b^r,  or  Grabern,  gri'b^rn,  a  town  of  Bo- 
emia,  38  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop,  1010. 
I  GraboWf  gri'bov,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
ichwerin,  on  the  Elde,  and  on  a  railway,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
bhwerin.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  4207. 
I  GraboW)  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Poland,  9 
liles  N.E.  of  Schildberg.     Pop.  1650. 
I  Grabow-bei-Stettin,  gri'bov-bi-stet-teen',  a  town 
i"  Prussia,  on  the  Oder,  a  northern  suburb  of  Stettin.     It 
13  a  school  of  navigation  and  commerce.     Pop.  10,238. 

Grabiisa^  gr&-boo's&  (anc.  Cimarus  ?),  an  island  in  the 
recian  Archipelago,  oflf  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Crete. 

Gra^ay,  gri^si',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Cher,  30  miles 
i^.N.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1821. 
i  GracchopoliS)  the  Latin  for  Cbaoow. 
I  Gracehanif  grass'g,m,  a  post- village  of  Frederick  oo., 
id.,  56   miles  by   rail* W.N. W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a 
jiiirch  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 
IGrace'hill,  or  BaPlyken'nedy,  a  Moravian  settle- 
'ent  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  2  miles  W.S. W.  of  Ballymena. 

•Sraceville,  grass'vil,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jackson  co.,  Fla. 

'Sraceville,  a  post-village  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  21 
i  es  by  rail  E.  of  Browns  Valley.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
inks,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  508. 

iSracias,  or  Gracias-A-Dios,  gri'se-4s-i-dee'oce, 
t)wn  of  Honduras,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Comayagua. 

jlracias-d'DioS)  a  headland,  E.  of  Patagonia,  near 
I «  mouth  of  the  Gallegos.  See  Capb  Gracias-a-Dios. 
!  'Sraciosa,  gri-se-o'si,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands,  in  the 
jt  antic,  N.W.  of  Terceira,  and  N.E.  of  Fayal.  Lat.  39° 
1  S.;  Ion.  28°  4'  W,  Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  6  miles. 
)).  8000.     Principal  town,  Santa  Cruz. 

(jrraciosa,  or  La  Graciosa,  1&  gr&-se-o's&,  one  of  the 
lOrt  N.E.  of  the  Canary  Islands,  is  small  and  uninhabited. 
iGradachatz,  gr&'d&-k&ts\  a  town  of  Bosnia,  42  miles 
{.■"V.  of  Zvornik,  with  trade  in  cattle  and  timber.  P.  4500. 
iGrad'dy  Landing^  a  post-office  and  shipping-point 
I  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  100 
lies  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

|<irTadifes,  gri-nee'ffis,  a  village  of  Spain,  proyinoe  and 
\  niles  E.  of  Leon,  in  a  plain  on  the  Esla. 

(iradignan,  grS,Meen^yAii<>',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Irinde,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  715. 
iGradisca,  or  Gradiska.    See  Goritz. 
iCrradisca,  or  Gradiska,  a  town  of  Austria,  district 
lid  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Goritz.     It  has  fortifications,  a 
jgh  school,  and  silk-works.     Pop.  3073. 
Krradiska,  gr&-dis'k&,  or  Berbir,  bdr'beer,  a  fortified 
jwa  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Save,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Banialuka, 
kd  opposite  Alt-Qradiska.     Pop.  1700. 
iGradista,  gr&-dis't&,  a  village  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Ibania,  1 2  miles  N.E.  of  Avlona. 
iGradlicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Graslitz. 
JGradlitz,  gr&d'lits,  or  Hradisko,  hr&-dis'ko,  a  town 
I  Bohemia,  15  miles  N.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1000. 
iGrado,  gr&'do,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  an  island  in  the 

iiriatic,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Goritz.     Pop.  2795. 

jGradwein,  grid'^ine,  a  village  of  Styria,  on  the  Mur, 

Itli  a  railway  station,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  580. 

Gra'dyviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ey.,  35  miles 

E.  of  Cavema.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Grsecia,  the  Latin  name  of  Grbeoe. 

Graefenberg,  or  Gr£lfenberg,  gri-f^n-bfiRo^  aham- 

b  of  Austria,  in  Silesia,  among  the  Sudetic  Mountains,  37 

Jles  N.  of  Hohenstadt.     Here  is  a  water-cure,  the  first 

er  established. 

Graefenberg,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ky.,  4 

iles  S.W.  of  Benson  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  a 

»uring-mill. 

i Graefenberg,  a  post-office  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y. 

jGraefenburg,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Pa. 

jGraeg,  or  Graig,  grig,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of 

lonmouth,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newport.     Pop.  879. 

jGrsemsay,  grim'si,  an  islet  of  the  Orkneys,  li  miles 

'  of  Stromness. 

I  Graen,  a  city  of  Hungary.     See  Gran. 
-jGraena,  gri-i'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
i(Ce  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada.     It  has  a  parish 

uroh,  a  palace  belonging  to  the  Marquis  of  PeSaflor,  and 

Bourt-house.     About  1  mile  E.  are  thermal  baths. 


GraesOe,  gr&'sS^^b,  or  GrsesOen,  gri'so^^n,  an  island 
of  Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  laen  of  Stockholm.  Lat. 
60°  25'  N.;  Ion.  18°  20'  E.     Length,  20  miles. 

Graetz,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  Gratz. 

Grafenau,  grlf'^n-Sw^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Ilz,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Passau.    Pop.  967. 

Grafenberg,  Austria.    See  GRAEFENBERa. 

Grafenberg,  gri'f^n-bSRO^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1032. 

Grafenhausen,  grif'^n-nfiw^z^n,  a  village  of  Baden, 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1066. 

Grftfenhaynchen,  gri'f^n-hin^K^n,  atown  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bitterfeld.     Pop.  2934.  - 

Grafenort,  gri'f§n-0Rt\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sile- 
sia, government  of  Breslau.  It  has  an  elegant  castle,  be- 
longing to  the  Count  of  Herberstein.     Pop.  1240. 

Grafenthal,  gri'fen-tiP,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  9  miles  S.S.W.'of  Saalfeld.     Pop.  1991. 

Grafentonna,  gri'f^n-ton^ni,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Saxe-Coburg,  10  miles  N.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  1637. 

Grafenworth,  gr&'f§n-*6Rt\  or  Grafenwerd,  gri'- 
f§n-^5Rt\  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  river  Kamp,  8 
miles  from  Krems.     Pop.  860. 

Graff-Reynet,  Africa.    See  Graap-Retnet. 

Grafrath,  gri'frit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14  miles 
E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  tapes, 
and  ironware.     Pop.  5604. 

Graft,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Grafton,  a  county  of  New  Hampshire,  bordering  on 
Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  1766  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Pemigewasset,  Lower  Ammonoosuc,  and 
Baker's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  small  lakes, 
extensive  forests,  and  grand  moantain-scenery.  In  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  county  stand  Mount  Jackson  and  Mount 
Lafayette,  peaks  of  the  White  Mountains.  Among  its  re- 
markable features  is  Squam  Lake.  The  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile, and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  wool, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  steple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  the  capitals  of  the  county,  the 
towns  of  Haverhill  and  Plymouth ;  and  by  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad,  the  Passumpsic  division  of  which  runs 
the  whole  length  of  its  W.  boundary.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,103 ; 
in  1880,  38,788;  in  1890,  37,217. 

Grafton,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Grafton,  or  Knight's  Landing,  a  post-village  ot 
Yolo  CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  about  27  miles 
above  Sacramento,  and  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad 
(at  Knight's  Station),  91  miles  from  San  Francisco.  It  has 
3  churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Grafton.  Pop. 
of  Grafton  township,  1861. 

Grafton,  a  post- village  of  Jersey  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  1^  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
and  about  15  miles  above  Alton.  Large  quantities  of  fine 
fossiliferous  limestone  are  quarried  here,  and  exported  by 
the  river.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank. 
Here  are  high  bluffs  and  fine  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  927. 

Grafton,  a  township  of  MoHenry  co..  111.  Pop.  1361. 
It  contains  Huntley's  Grove. 

Grafton,  a  hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  in  Black  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Upton  Station.  It  has  a  drug-store  and 
a  manufactory  of  spring-beds. 

Grafton,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa. 

Grafton,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 

Grafton,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bethel  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  94. 

Grafton,  a  post-town  of  Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  about  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Worcester,  and  on  the  Grafton  Centre  Rail- 
road (narrow-gauge),  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Grafton  Station  on 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  and  extensive  manufactures 
of  boots  and  shoes,  cotton,  thread,  <!kc.  The  township  is 
drained  by  the  Blackstone  River  and  its  tributaries,  which 
aflford  water-power.  Pop.  in  1890,  5002.  It  contains 
villages  named  North  Grafton,  Fisherville,  Farmersville, 
and  Saundersville.  From  Grafton  Station  short  railroads 
extend  to  Millbury  and  Grafton  Centre. 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Ash 
township,  and  a  station  on  the  Holly,  Wayne  k  Monroe 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill, 
a  grist-mill,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Grafton,  a  post- township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.    P.  151. 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb.,  64  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  400. 
JUuch  grain  is  shipped  here 


GRA 


1294 


GRA 


Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Graf- 
ton township,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W. 
of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  has  quarries 
of  mica  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  787. 

Grafton,  a  post-township  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N,Y., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  chairs  and  shirts.     Pop.  1625. 

Grafton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D.,  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  4  newspaper  oflBces,  <fec.     Pop.  1594. 

Grafton,  or  Raw'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Lorain 
CO.,  0..  on  Black  River,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads, 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elyria,  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland. 
The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Grafton.  It  hM  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Fop.  600.  Here  are  quarriesi 
of  grindstones.  \ 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  oo..  Pa.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  tannery,  2  coach- 
factories,  a  steam  grist-mill,  &c. 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  about  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Toquerville.     It  has  a  church. 

Grafton,  a  post- village  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Grafton 
township,  on  Saxton's  River,  about  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rut- 
land. It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  churn-factory.  Good  soapstone  abounds 
here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  817. 

Grafton,  a  post-oflBce  of  York  co.,  Va. 

Grafton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  oo.,  W.  V»., 
on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  here  crossed  by  2  bridges,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Parkersburg  Branch,  280  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  104 
miles  E.  of  Parkersburg,  and  99  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 
Grafton  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  2  saw-mills,  a  pump> 
factory,  4  planing-mills,  3  newspaper  oflBces,  several  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  foundry,  and  machine-shops.     Pop.  3169. 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee  River,  25  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  wool  and  worsted 
yarns  and  lime.  It  is  near  the  W.  border  of  Grafton  town- 
ship, which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan.  Pop. 
in  1890,  434;  of  the  township,  1444. 

Grafton,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Now  South  Walos,  on 
the  navigable  river  Clarence,  50  miles  from  the  sea,  and  301 
miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop. 
Pop.  2250. 

Grafton,  or  Hal'dimand,  a  post-village  in  Northum- 
berland CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  77  miles 
E.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  distillery,  a  woollen-factory,  an 
iron-foundry,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  a  large  trade  in 
lumber  and  grain.     Pop.  600. 

Grafton  Centre,  a  post-ofSce  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H., 
and  a  station  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Grafton,  and  46  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 

Grafton  Corner,  a  village  in  Kings  oo.,  Nova  Sootia, 
2i  miles  from  Waterville.     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Grafton  Island,  the  most  N.  of  the  Bashee  Islands, 
Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago. 

Graglia,  gr&l'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  2784. 

Gragnano,  grin-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Naples,  2  miles  E.  of  Castel-a-Mare.     Pop.  12,278. 

Graham,  gra'am,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  South  Fork  of  Solomon  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating.   About  95  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.    P.  (1890)  6029. 

Graham,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Tennessee,  is  drained  by  the  Little  Tennessee 
River.  Area,  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Unaka  or  Smoky  Mountain.  Capital,  Robbinsville. 
Pop. in  1880,  2335  ;  in  1890,  3313. 

Graham,  a  post- village  of  Appling  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Maoon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  87  miles  N.W.  of  Bruns- 
wick. It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pine  timber  abounds  here. 

Graham,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind., 
about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  Pop.  of  Graham  town- 
ship, 1408. 

Graham,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  railroad  from  Burlington  to  Cedar  Rapids.  Pop.  880. 

Graham,  Graham  co.,  Kansas.     See  Whitfield. 

Graham,  a  post- village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  about  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Graham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C., 
is  in  Graham  township,  on  the  Haw  River,  and  on  the 


North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  connects  Raleigh  with 
Greensborough,  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  In  the 
vicinity  are  several  cotton-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,991;  of 
the  township,  1884. 

Graham,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.  Pop.  638.  Gra- 
ham Station  is  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Clearfield. 

Graham,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Young  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  national  banks,  a  flouring, 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  salt-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  667. 

Graham  Island,  in  British  Columbia,  is  the  largest 
of  the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  separated  on  the  N.  by 
Dixon's  Entrance  from  the  S.E.  angle  of  Alaska. 
>-  Graham  Island,  Mediterranean.    See  FERDiNANOEi, 

Graham  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Noble  co.,  Minn., 
on  Graham  Lake,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Hersey.     Pop.  192. 

Graham  Land,  a  tract  of  elevated  land,  in  the  Ant- 
arctic Ocean,  stretching  from  lat.  63°  to  68°  S.  and  Ion. 
61°  to  68°  W.     Discovered  by  Bisooe  in  1832. 

Graham  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.Va., 
on  Elk  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  mann 
factory  of  salt-barrels. 

Graham  Peak,  or  Mount  Graham,  a  peak  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Arizona,  near  lat.  32°  36'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  50' 
W.     Its  altitude  is  about  10,400  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Graham's,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
St.  Louis. 

Graham's,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
adelphia &  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Graham's,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  9  milet 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Blackville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  &c.     Pop.  366. 

Graham's  Creek,  or  Graham's  Fork,  of  Indiana, 
rises  in  Ripley  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the 
Musoatatuck  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Washington  co. 

Graham's  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  V».,6 
miles  S.E.  of  Max  Meadows.  It  has  a  church,  2  iron- 
furnaces,  a  rolling-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  nail-factory. 

Graham's  Road,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  28  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Gra'hamstown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Renfrew, 
3  miles  S.E.  of  Paisley.  It  forms  part  of  the  town  of 
Barrhead.  Pop.  1000.  Gkahamstowm  is  the  name  also  of 
a  suburb  of  Falkirk.     Pop.  2518. 

Graham's  Town,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  Scath 
Africa.  Lat.  33°  19'  S. ;  Ion.  26°  31'  E.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  Anglican  bishop  and  of  courts  for  the  E.  division  of  the 
colony.     Pop.  in  1875,  6903  ;  in  1891,  10,436. 

Graham's  Tnrn'out,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  oo., 
S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  81  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Gra'hamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Fla.,  W 
the  navigable  O'cklawaha  River.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Grahamsville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,in 
Neversink  township,  near  Rondout  Creek,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Newburg.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  tanneries. 

Grahamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  li 
Scioto  township,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Grahamsville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Malton.     Pop.  100. 

Gra'hamton,  a  village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  on  Otter 
Creek,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Tip 
Top.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Grahamton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in 
Graham  township,  2^  miles  from  Bigler  Station.  It  has  » 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Gra'hamville,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

Grahamville,  a  post- village  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.O.,  1 
mile  from  Grahamville  Station  on  the  Savannah  &  Charlii- 
ton  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Grahamville  Station  1* 
37  miles  N.  of  Savannah. 

Graig,  a  hamlet  of  England.     See  Graeo. 

Graigne,  grig,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  on  the 
Barrow,  opposite  Carlow. 

Graigue,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  on  the 
Barrow,  5  miles  S.  of  Goresbridge.     Pop.  2248. 

Grain  Coast,  West  Africa,  is  that  portion  of  Guinea 
W.  of  the  Ivory  Coast,  and  extending  between  lat.  4°  and  7 
N.  and  Ion.  7°  and  11°  E.  It  comprises  the  greater  pufj 
of  the  republic  of  Liberia,  and  took  its  name  from  its  fonn- 
trade  in  "  grains  of  Paradise,"  or  malaguetta  pepper. 

Graine,  Isle  of,  England.     See  Isle  of  Grainb. 

Grain'ger,  or  Gran'ger,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee 


GRA 


1295 


GRA 


)i8  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
Is  N.W.  by  Clinch  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Holston  River, 
ke  surface  is  diversified  by  a  high  ridge,  called  Clinch 
}antain,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
ass  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  iron 
e.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Knoxville,  Cumberland  Gap 
'Louisville  Railroad.  Capital,  Rutledge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
,421;  in  1880,  12,384;  in  1890,  13,196. 
Grainland,  California.  See  Dayton. 
Grain'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lckson  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
liilroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Allerton.  It  has  2  churches. 
Graissessac,  gri^sSs^sik',  a  village  of  France,  in  H6- 
alt,  107  miles  S.  W.  of  Nlmes.  It  has  coal-mines.  P.  2632. 
Graitney,  a  village  of  Scotland.  See  Gretna  Green. 
Graivoron,  Grajworon,  or  Hrajworon,  gra-vo- 
n',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Koorsk,  40  miles  W. 

S.  of  Bielgorod.     Pop.  4656. 

Grajal  de  Campos,  grk-niV  di,  kS.m'poce,  a  town 
,  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Leon.     Pop.  1233. 
iGrajeiiu,  grS,-zhi-hoo',  a  river  of   Brazil,  state   of 
iiranbao,  joins  the  Miarim,  after  a  course  of  240  miles. 
Grajewo,  gri-yi'^o,  a  small  town  of  Poland,  province 
;d  25  miles  S.W.  of  Augustovo.     Pop.  1140. 
jGramat,  gri^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  27  miles 
:.E.  of  Cahors,  on  the  Alzon.     Pop.  2040. 
iGrammichele,  gr&m-me-ki'ia,  or   Granmicheli, 
;in-me-ki'lee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Catania. 
|p.  10,192. 

'Grammont,  gr&m^m6N»',  or  Geertsbergen,  H&rts'- 
ttG^^n  (Flemish,  Oeeradahergen,  Hi'rids-bjRG^^n),  a  town 

Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the 
,  nder,  21i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  8867.  It  was 
jmded  and  originally  fortified  in  1068.  It  has  a  college, 
'  .nufactures  of  cotton  yarn,  lace,  linen  and  woollen  fabrics, 
fper,  and  snuflF,  and  bleaching-  and  dye-works. 
jGram'piaii  Hills,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
I  it  Pennsville. 

I  Grampians,  gram'pe-anz,  a  mountain-chain  in  Scot- 
kid,  separating  the  Highlands  from  the  Lowlands.  Their 
puts  may  be  said  to  stretch  from  the  W.  coast  of  Argyle- 
i  re  and  Dumbartonshire  northeastward  across  the  island, 
jminating,  on  the  E.  and  N.E.  coast  of  the  counties  of 
t  erdeen  and  Banff,  in  two  branches,  running  on  each  side 

the  river  Dee.  General  aspect  wild  and  rugged,  especi- 
ly  on  the  N.  side;  on  the  S,  acclivity  the  slopes  are  gentler, 

0  pasture  finer,  and  the  numerous  defiles  which  indent 
t)  range  often  present  scenes  of  the  most  romantic  beauty. 
fae  streams  flowing  from  the  N.  side  are  mostly  affluents 
\  the  Findhorn,  Spey,  Don,  and  Dee ;  those  on  the  S.  join 
io  Forth,  Tay,  and  South  Esk.  The  loftiest  summits  are 
pn  Nevis,  Ben  Macdhui,  Cairngorm,  Cairntoul,  Schihal- 
pn,  Ben  Aven,  Ben  Lawers,  Ben  More,  and  Ben  Lomond. 

Grampians,  a  mountain-range  of  Australia,  in  Vic- 
ria,  stretching  crescentwise  N.  and  S.  between  lat.  36°  52' 
il  37°  38'  S.  and  Ion.  142°  25'  and  142°  47'  E.,  bounding 
istward  the  basin  of  the  Glenelg  and  its  affluents.  Height 
■■  Mount  William,  its  loftiest  peak,  3827  feet.  To  the 
.E.  the  range  merges  into  another,  called  the  Pyrenees. 

Gram'pound,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on 
le  Fal,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  stone  bridge  (whence  the 
ime  Orandpont,  i.e.,  "  great  bridge"),  14  miles  N.E.  of 
lalmouth.     Pop.  478. 

1  Gran,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Gbane. 

i  Gran,  grin  (Hun.  Qaram,  gSh^rim';  Slav.  Hron,  ron), 
i navigable  river  of  Northwestern  Hungary,  joins  the  Dan- 
jbe  opposite  Gran.  Length,  130  miles. 
I  Gran,  grin  (Hun.  Eaztergom,  is'tfiR^gom^ ;  Lat.  Stri- 
pnia),  a  royal  free  city  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  county 
f  the  same  name,  on  the  Danube,  opposite  the  influx  of  the 
iran,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Buda.  It  was  once  the  finest  city  of 
lungary,  and  is  still  the  residence  of  its  Catholic  primate  (an 
fch bishop).  The  chief  edifice  is  a  superb  cathedral  in  the 
talian  style,  the  most  magnificent  modern  building  in  Hun- 
jary,  occupying,  with  the  archbishop's  palace  and  ohapter- 
jouse,  a  precipitous  height,  formerly  the  site  of  a  fortress. 
J^ran  has  2  other  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Greek  church, 
pwn  and  council  halls,  a  hospital  for  poor  citizens,  and  a 
ioman  Catholic  gymnasium.  Its  inhabitants  weave  and 
(ye  woollen  goods,  but  its  trade  is  chiefly  in  wine.  P.  8789. 
'he  county  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  Pop.  67,024. 
I  Grana,  gri'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 

1»ce  and  10  miles  S.  of  Casale.     Pop.  1537. 

1  Grafia,  grin'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 
J.E.  of  Corunna,  and  near  the  mouth  of  its  harbor,  on  the 
fver  Ferrol. 


Granada,  gri-ni'da  (Sp.  pron.  gri-ni'oi :  anc.  Illib'- 
erie ;  L.  Orana'ta ;  Fr.  Grenade,  gr§h-nid'),  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  capital  of  a  province  and  formerly  of 
a  kingdom  of  its  own  name,  beautifully  situated  partly  on 
two  spurs  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  partly  on  the  flat  be- 
tween them  forming  the  extremity  of  the  rich  plain  of  Vega, 
and  on  the  Genii.  Lat.  37°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  50'  W.  Being 
about  2500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  snowy  mountains  forming 
the  background,  the  city  possesses  an  air  of  delicious  fresh- 
ness even  in  the  hottest  seasons.  In  the  time  of  the  Moors 
Granada  was  surrounded  by  lofty  walls  flanked  by  1030 
towers,  and  was  entered  by  20  gates.  The  most  of  these 
have  disappeared,  and  the  town  is  now  open.  It  is  divided 
into  four  quarters, — Alhambra,  a  celebrated  fortress  and 
palace,  occupying  one  of  the  hills,  Albaicin,  a  suburb,  occu- 
pying another,  Antequeruela,  another  suburb,  the  residence 
chiefly  of  the  working  classes,  and  the  town  proper,  cover- 
ing the  space  between  the  two  hills,  and  extending  into  the 
plains.  Fountains  and  gardens,  spacious  squares,  and  hand- 
some mansions  are  seen  in  many  quarters,  and  even  where 
the  houses  are  of  an  inferior  description  their  antiquity 
and  Oriental  structure  make  it  impossible  to  view  them  with- 
out interest ;  but  the  greater  part  of  the  streets  are  extremely 
narrow  and  tortuous.  The  most  remarkable  buildings  are 
the  Alhambra,  an  immense  Moorish  structure,  of  rather 
forbidding  exterior,  but  within  gorgeous  almost  beyond  de- 
scription, partly  remaining  as  the  Moors  left  it,  with  its 
splendid  Court  of  Lions,  and  partly  occupied  by  an  un- 
finished palace,  commenced  by  Charles  V. ;  the  cathedral, 
a  heavy  and  irregular  building,  profusely  ornamented,  and 
surmounted  by  a  dome  resting  on  12  arches,  and  coiitaining 
in  the  adjoining  royal  chapel  fine  monuments  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella ;  the  church  of  Nuestra  Senora  de  las  Angus- 
tias,  with  two  beautiful  towers  and  a  splendid  high  altar ; 
the  church  of  San  Jos6,  a  modern  edifice ;  the  old  Carthusian 
convent,  finely  situated  on  a  height  in  the  suburbs,  and 
adorned  with  paintings  by  Cano,  Murillo,  and  Morales ;  the 
monastery  of  San  Geronimo;  the  Generalife,  a  beautiful 
Moorish  palace,  surrounded  by  fountains  and  gardens ;  the 
episcopal  palace,  the  general  hospital,  college,  &c. 

The  manufactures  of  silk  and  of  sail-cloth,  once  very  im- 
portant, were  almost  extinguished  by  the  loss  of  Spanish 
America  and  the  annihilation  of  the  Spanish  fleet ;  and  the 
only  manufacture  now  deserving  of  notice  is  that  of  coarse 
woollens,  still  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the 
suburb  of  Albaicin.  The  trade  is  insignificant.  Granada 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  residence  of  a  captain-gen- 
eral and  of  civil  and  military  provincial  authorities,  and 
the  seat  of  several  courts  of  law.  It  was  first  founded  by 
the  Moors  in  the  tenth  century,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient 
nUberia,  and  belonged  to  the  kingdom  of  Cordova.  In 
1235  it  became  the  capital  of  a  new  kingdom,  and  attained 
to  almost  matchless  splendor.  Its  population  at  this  period 
has  been  estimated  as  high  as  700,000.  In  1491  it  re- 
mained the  last  stronghold  of  the  Moors  in  Spain,  and 
mustered  60,000  men  to  defend  itself  against  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  who  had  now  arrayed  against  the  town  the 
flower  and  strength  of  their  united  kingdoms,  and  who  took 
possession  of  it  in  1492.  The  great  body  of  its  inhabitants 
still  were  Moors,  and  its  prosperity  continued  almost  with- 
out diminution  till  1510,  when  the  decree  was  issued  for 
expelling  the  Moors  from  all  parts  of  Spain,  upon  which  it 
sank,  and  has  never  recovered.    Pop.  76,005. 

Granada,  a  province,  part  of  the  former  kingdom  of  the 
same  name,  in  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Mediterranean.  It  is  rich  in  minerals,  and  has  a  fruit- 
ful soil.  Area,  4918  square  miles.  Pop.  485,346.  Capital, 
Granada.  The  kingdom  of  Granada,  the  last  possession  of 
the  Moors  in  Spain,  was  conquered  by  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 
bella in  1492. 

Granada,  gri-ni'di,  a  city  of  Nicaragua,  capital  of  a 
province  of  the  same  name,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nicaragua, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  lake.  It  is  well  built,  having 
handsome  streets  and  public  edifices ;  the  latter  comprise 
several  fine  churches,  it  is  the  seat  of  a  flourishing  trade 
in  cacao,  indigo,  wool,  and  hides,  which  are  exported  in 
boats  by  the  river  San  Juan  to  Greytown.  It  is  a  noted 
seat  of  the  manufacture  of  gold-wire  chains.     Pop.  15,000. 

Granada,  or  Grenada,  gr^-ni'di,  a  post-village  of 
Prowers  oo..  Col.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Lamar. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  163.  It  is  th« 
shipping-point  for  New  Mexico. 

Granada,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Nemaha  oo., 
Kansas,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  394. 

Granada,  New,  South  America.    See  Colohbia. 


GRA 


1296 


GRA 


Granadella,  grl-ni-DSl'yS,,  a'town  of  Spain,  province 
«nd  17  miles  S.E.  of  Lerida,  N.  of  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1969, 

Granadilla,  gr8,-n4-Deel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  70  miles  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  835. 

Granadilla,  a  town  in  the  Spanish  colony  of  the  Ca- 
naries, on  the  S.  side  of  Teneriflfe.     Pop.  1587. 

Gran^ard',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Longford,  69  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  1811. 

Granatula,  gr3,-n3,-too'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
And  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2474. 

Gran'borough,  or  Neil's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  SheflFord  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  S.  of  Granby.     Pop.  100. 

Gran  Bretana,  or  Gran  Brettagna.  See  Great 
Britain. 

Granbury,  gran'b§r-e,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hood 
00.,  Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1164. 

Granbury's,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  North 
A  South  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Hamilton. 

Gran'by,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Granby  township,  on  the  New  Haven  <fc  Northampton  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  mana- 
factory  of  ivory,  bone,  <fco.     Pop.  of  township,  (1890)  1251. 

Granby,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  The  township  has 
2  churches,  a  fire-insurance  company,  and  some  manufac- 
tures.    Pop.  812. 

Granby,  a  post- village  of  Nicollet  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Granby  iownship,  on  Swan  Lake,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Mankato.     Pop.  of  the  township,  783. 

Granby,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co..  Mo.,  in  Granby 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis  <k  San  Francisco  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Neosho,  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  public  school,  smelting-works,  and 
several  lead-furnaces.  Lead  is  rained  near  it.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1400  ;  of  the  township,  2616. 

Granby,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  4173. 
It  contains  Oswego  Falls. 

Granby,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  174. 

Gran'by,  a  village  in  SheflFord  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Ya- 
maska  River,  and  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefiford  &  Chambly 
Railway,  29  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Johns.  It  has  good 
water-power,  5  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  a  brewery, 
4  churches,  2  hotels,  16  stores,  and  2  weekly  newspapers 
(1  English  and  1  French).     Pop.  876. 

Granby  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Fulton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Gran  Canaria,  gr&n  k&-n&'re-&,  an  island  near  the 
centre  of  the  group  of  the  Canaries,  of  a  circular  form. 
Area,  758  square  miles.  Pop.  67,625.  Length,  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.,  36  miles;  at  the  N.E.  point  a  portion  detached 
from  the  mass  is  joined  by  a  peninsula.  The  surface  is 
mountainous;  the  culminating  point,  El  Cumbre,  is  6648 
feet  in  elevation.     Chief  city,  Las  Palmas. 

Gran  Chaco,  South  America.    See  El  Gran  Chaco. 

Grand,  gr6N",  a  market- town  of  Franoe,  department  of 
Voflges,  9  miles  W.  of  Neufchilteau.     Pop.  1270. 

Grand,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Colorado,  bor- 
ders on  Wyoming.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  Platte, 
Grand,  and  Laramie  Rivers,  which  all  rise  within  its  limits. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly  covered  with  forests 
of  fir,  pine,  &o.  Long's  Peak  stands  on  its  eastern  border. 
This  county  comprises  the  Middle  Park  and  the  North 
Park,  which  are  described  in  separate  articles.  Nearly  all 
the  sedimentary  rocks,  cretaceous,  Triassio,  Jurassic,  car- 
boniferous, &c.,  are  developed  here.  Capital,  Hot  Sulphur 
Springs.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  in  this  county.  Area, 
2100  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  417 ;  in  1890,  604. 

Grand  Anse,  gr^Nd  Anss,  a  post- village  in  Richmond 
oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Lennox  Passage,  Cape  Breton  Island, 
21  miles  E.  of  Port  Hawkesbury.  Pop.  250.  The  name  is 
also  sometimes  given  to  Pleasant  Bay. 

Grandas-de-Saiime,  grin'dis  di  si-lee'mi,  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  province  and  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oviedo. 

Grand  Auglaize  River,  Missouri.    See  Auglaize. 

Grand  Aunce,  grfiNd  5nss,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester 
00.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  29  miles  N.E. 
of  Bathurst.     Pop.  700. 

Grand  Bahama,  ba-hd.'ma,  one  of  the  principal 
islands  of  the  Bahama  group,  57  miles  fi.  from  the  coast  of 
Florida.  Lat.  (W.  end)  26°  41'  N.;  Ion.  79°  0'  W.  It  is 
about  70  miles  long  by  9  miles  broad,  healthy  and  tolerably 
fertile,  but  thinly  inhabited.     Pop.  858. 

Grand  Bank,  a  submarine  plateau  extending  some 
850  miles  eastward  from  Newfoundland,  and   covered  by 


waters  varying  in  depth  from  30  to  60  fathoms.  It  i 
supposed  by  some  savants  to  have  been  chiefly  formed 
by  means  of  icebergs  bringing  masses  of  stone  and  earth 
from  the  glaciers  of  the  Arctic  coast.  These  icebergs  are 
melted  by  the  influence  of  the  Gulf  Stream,  and  their  bur- 
den of  earth  and  gravel  falls  to  the  sea-bottom.  The  Grand 
Bank  is  much  visited  by  cod-fishing  vessels.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  so-called  Telegraphic  Plateau.  Its  breadth  from  N. 
to  S.  is  estimated  at  275  miles. 

Grand  Bank,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, on  the  S.  side  of  Fortune  Bay,  4  miles  from 
Fortune.     It  has  a  considerable  trade  and  fishei^.    P.  740. 

Grand  Bassam,  Africa.    See  Bassau. 

Grand  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile, 
and  4  miles  from  Grand  Bay,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Golf 
of  Mexico.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Grand  Bay,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Grand  Bay  (Fr.  Orande-Baie,  gr6N»-bi),  Saint 
Alexis,  sd,Nt  &^l£k^see',  or  Ha  Ha  Bay,  a  post-village 
in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Saguenay  River,  60  miles 
from  its  mouth.  The  bay  here  is  over  a  mile  wide,  and 
about  100  fathoms  deep.  The  name  Ha  Ha  Bay  waa  given 
to  it  by  its  early  discoverers,  and  it  is  a  great  source  of 
attraction  to  tourists  during  the  summer  months.  The  vil- 
lage of  Grand  Bay  contains  several  stores  and  saw-mills, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber.  Vessels  load  here  direct 
for  England.     Pop.  300. 

Grand  Blanc,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Grand  Blanc  township,  on  Thread  Creek,  and  on  the  Flint 
&  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Flint. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  <fcc.  Pop.  about  300 : 
of  the  township,  (1890)  1430. 

Grand  Blun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Sabine  River,  21  miles  S.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand- Bornand,  gr&N»-boR^nfiii»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  187. 

Grand-Bourg,  gr5H«-booR,  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Creuse,  12  miles  W.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  663. 

Grand-Bourg,  grftw-booR,  a  town  of  the  West  In- 
dies,  chief  town  of  the  French  island  of  Marie-Galante.  Iti 
roadstead  is  somewhat  difficult  of  access.  It  has  several 
public  buildings,  a  light-house,  and  some  trade.     P.  6992. 

Grand  Brule,  Quebec     See  Laterri^re. 

Grand  Caillon  Bayon,  kih^yoo'  bi'oo,  Louisiana, 
rises  near  Houma,  runs  southward  and  southwestward  in 
Terre  Bonne  parish,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  through 
Lake  Caillou,  after  a  course  of  45  miles  through  rich  sugar- 
plantations.     Large  vessels  can  ascend  it  25  miles. 

Grand  Calumet',  an  island  of  Canada,  in  the  river 
Ottawa,  7  miles  above  Portage  du  Fort.  Area,  30,200 
acres.     Pop.  1080. 

Grand  Canary  Island.    See  Gran  Canaria. 

Grand  Cayman,  ki-min',  the  largest  of  the  isle* 
called  Caymans,  British  West  Indies,  is  17  miles  long  and 
from  4  to  7  broad,  well  wooded,  and  surrounded  by  reefs. 

Grand  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Grand  Cess,  a  town  of  Liberia,  belonging  to  the  Kroo- 
men,  on  the  coast.  It  consists  of  a  large  number  of  thatehed 
huts,  and  its  people  are  engaged  in  maritime  pursuits. 

Grand  Cnain,  a  station  of  Pulaski  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  Pop. 
about  200.    See,  also.  New  Grand  Chain. 

Grand-Champ,  gr6N«-sb6N»,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  668. 

Grand  Chariton  River.     See  Chariton  River. 

Grand  Chenier,  shi-neer',  a  post-village  of  Cameron 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  90  miles  E.N.B  of 
Galveston.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand  Chute,  shute,  a  township  of  Outagamie  oo., 
Wis.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Appleton,  1653. 

Grana  Combe,  France.     See  La  Grande  Combe. 

Grand  Cotean,  koHo',  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry 
parish.  La.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Opelousas.  It  is  the  seat 
of  St.  Charles  College  (Catholic),  has  a  convent,  and  about 
10  general  stores.     Pop.  470. 

Grandconr,  grflN»^kooR',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Vaud,  near  the  Lake  of  Neufohatel,  28  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Lausanne. 

Grand  Cross'ing,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  * 
Chicago  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Chicago  (4  miles  from  m. 
city  limit).  It  is  a  part  of  the  village  of  Hyde  Park.  l- 
has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  sewing- 
machines  and  furniture. 


L 


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1  Grand  D6sert,  a  French  name  for  the  Sahara. 
I  Grand  Detour,  di-toor',  a  post- village  of  Ogle  cc, 
pi.,  in  Grand  Dotour  township,  on  Rock  River,  6  miles 
(12  miles  by  water)  N.E.  of  Dixon,  to  which  place  a  steam- 
ix)at  plies  hence.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
nanufactures  of  butter  and  cheese.  Pop.  about  400 ;  of 
,he  township,  605. 

I   Grande-Aa,  a  river  of  Belgium.    See  Aa. 
Grande-Ilaie,  Canada.    See  Grand  Bat. 
I  Grande  Baie,  West  Indies.    See  Philipsbuhg. 
i  Grande  Bretagne.    See  Great  Britain. 
I  Grand  Ed'dy,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Mo. 
i  Grande  Gaspar.    See  Gaspar  Grande. 

Grande  Greve,  gr6Nd  griv,  a  post-village  in  Gasp^ 
!o.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  side  of  Gasp6  Bay,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
J-aap^  Basin.     It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores,  and  is  a 
large  fishery  station.     Pop.  100. 
I  Grande  Ilha,  Brazil.    See  Ilha  Grande. 
I  Grande  Island.     See  Cape  Verd  Islands. 
I  Grande   Isle  (Fr.  pron.  gr5Nd  eel),  an  island  in  the 
aver  St.  Lawrence,  between  Lakes  St.  Louis  and  St.  Francis, 
ri  miles  long  by  li  miles  broad.     It  divides  the  St.  Law- 
»nce  into  two  channels :  that  on  the  S.  side  is  called  the 
^eauharnois  Channel,  in  the  course  of  which  are  the  rapids 
*roche,  Les  Faucilles,  and  De  Bouleau,  the  latter  both  in- 
tricate and  difficult  to  pass. 

i  Grande  Ligne,  gr&Nd  leen^  or  Cole'brook,  a  post- 
lillage  in  St.  Johns   co.,  Quebec,  on   the   Grand   Trunk 
lailway  (Champlain  division),  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montreal, 
Did  near  the  river  Richelieu.     It  contains  2  stores,  a  hotel, 
|iid  a  French  Protestant  college.     Pop.  400. 
1  Grande  Rio,  Brazil.    See  Rio  Grande. 
Grande  Ronde,  in  Union  co.,  Oregon,  a  fertile  and 
easant  Valley,  containing  275,000  acres  of  arable  land.    It 
*  surrounded  by  well-timbered  mountains,  is  about  20  miles 
i)Qg  and  18  wide,  and  contains  La  Grande,  Orodell,  Summer- 
iille,  Cove,  Sand  Ridge,  Uniontown,  and  Catharine  Creek. 
I  Grande  Ronde,  a  post-office  of   Polk  co.,  Oregon, 
|1  lOut  28  miles  W.  of  Salem.     Here  is  an  Indian  agency. 
;  Grande  Ronde  River,  Oregon,   rises  in  the  Blue 
lountains,  in  Umatilla  oo.,  runs  northeastward  through 
If  lion  CO.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  12 
liles  from  the  extreme  N.E.  part  of  Oregon.     It  is  nearly 
fi  5  miles  long. 

I  Grande-Terre,  grdNd-tSrr,  a  French  island  of  the 
f  est  Indies,  lying  E.  of  Guadeloupe,  and  separated  from 
aat  island  by  a  navigable  but  narrow  strait,  the  Rividre 
al6e.  It  is  30  miles  long  and  12  broad,  and,  unlike  Gua- 
jeloupe,  is  low,  flat,  fertile,  and  based  upon  coral  rocks, 
■bief  town.  La  Pointe-i-Pitre.  This  island  is  regarded  as 
|])srt  of  Guadeloupe. 

Grande   Terre,  Louisiana.     See  Grand  Isle   and 
;(iRT  Livingston. 

'  Grande  Valine,  grftNd  virii',  a  post-village  in  GaspS 
1).,  Quebec,  68  miles  E.  of  Ste.  Anne  des  Monts.  Pop.  318. 
I  Grand  Falls,  or  Cole'brooke,  a  post-town  of  New 
frunswick,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Victoria,  on  the  St.  John 
j.iver,  and  on  the  Fredericton  A  RiviSre  du  Loup  Railway, 
p2  miles  N.W.  of  St.  John,  and  116  miles  S.E.  of  Rividre 
p  Loup.  It  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  several 
iotels,  3  stores,  a  tannery,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.  In  the 
inraediate  vicinity  the  river  St.  John  falls  precipitously  a 
jeight  of  180  feet.  Over  this  fall  is  a  handsome  suspension- 
ridge.     Pop.  700. 

I  Grandfather  Mountain,  of  North  Carolina,  is  an 
Jolated  mass  of  land  in  Watauga  co.,  rising  N.N.E.  of 

iount  Mitchell,  to  the  height  of  5897  feet  above  the  sea. 
Grand-Fontaine,gr5N»^-f6N»Hin',  a  village  of  France, 
Vosges,  arrondissement  of  Saint-Di6.  Pop.  974. 
Grand  Forks,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Dakota,  borders  on  Minnesota.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
ae  Red  River  of  the  North.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county, 
lapital.  Grand  Forks.  Pop.  in  1880,  6245 ;  in  1890,  18,357. 
I  Grand  Forks,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grand  Forks 
p.,  N.D.,  on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  opposite  the 
kouth  of  Red  Lake  River,  and  at  the  intersection  of  two 
kilroads,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Crookston.  It  has  12  churches, 
I  banks,  a  university,  public  schools,  flour-  and  lumber- 
kills,  and  9  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1880,  1705  :  in 
m,  4979. 

I  Grand  Glaise  (or  Glaze),  a  post-office  and  station 
a  Jackson  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <k 
pnthern  Railroad,  72  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
J  Grand  Gorge,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
^  Roxbury  township,  J  of  a  mile  from  Grand  Gorge  Station, 
nd  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
ksh-  and  blind-factory,  and  a  planing-mill. 


Grand  Gnlf,  a  post- village  of  Claiborne  oo..  Miss.,  oa 
the  Mississippi,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Black, 
and  25  miles  oy  land  S.S.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  4  churches. 
It  is  connected  by  railroad  with  Port  Gibson.     Pop.  190. 

Grand  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  island  of  Grand  Manan,  51  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  300. 

Grand  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  from  Burlingame. 

Grand  Haven,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Ottawa  co,,  Mioh^ 
is  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  bank  of  Grand  River 
(which  here  enters  the  lake),  about  86  miles  by  water  E. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  112  miles  N.E.  of  Chicago,  By  railroad 
it  is  31  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  14  miles  S.  of 
Muskegon.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
and  is  the  ^Y.  terminus  of  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  good  harbor,  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  here  20  to  30  feet  deep.  Large  quantities  of  fruity 
celery,  Ac,  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  Two  light- 
houses have  been  erected  here.  Grand  Haven  contains  a 
court-house,  11  churches,  Akeley  Institute  for  girls,  a  high 
school,  a  national  bank,  2  first-class  hotels,  several  largo 
manufactories,  a  tannery,  a  pail-  and  kit-factory,  a  match- 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  furniture-factory,  an  engine-factory, 
a  refrigerator-factory,  and  a  celebrated  magnetic  spring, 
which  is  a  summer  resort.  Two  or  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5023. 

Grandin,  a  post-f  illage  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  27  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Fargo.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Grand  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Sacramento  River,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Marysville. 

Grand  Island,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hall  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Platte  River,  154  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Omaha. 
It  contains  13  churches,  5  banks,  6  newspaper  offices,  a  beet- 
sugar  factory,  a  canning-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  7536. 
The  river  is  divided  here  into  two  channels  by  as  island 
nearly  50  miles  long. 

Grand  Island,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1072.  It  contains  Beaver  Island,  Buckhorn  Island,  and 
Grand  Island,  all  in  the  river  Niagara,  above  the  Falls. 
Area  of  Grand  Island,  18,500  acres.  It  is  fertile  and  well 
cultivated.  Steam-ferries  connect  it  with  Tonawanda,  Ac, 
The  township  contains  Sour  Springs,  Sheenwater,  and  other 
summer  resorts. 

Grand  Isle,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Ver- 
mont, borders  on  Canada.  Area,  about  80  square  miles.  It 
comprises,  besides  a  small  peninsula,  several  islands  in  Lake 
Champlain,  the  largest  of  which  is  about  10  miles  long. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  hay, 
wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  North  Hero. 
Pop. in  1870,  4082;  in  1880,  4124;  in  1890,  3843. 

Grand  Isle,  in  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  is  in  Lake  Supe- 
rior, near  the  S.  shore.  Length,  about  15  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  7  or  8  miles.  Between  it  and  the  mainland,  on  the 
S.E.,  is  Grand  Isle  Bay,  on  the  shore  of  which  are  the 
famous  "  Pictured  Rocks." 

Grand  Isle,  a  post-office  of  Jefi^erson  parish.  La.,  on 
the  island  of  Grande  Terre,  at  the  mouth  of  Barataria  Bay. 
Here  are  a  light-house  and  a  fort  (Fort  Livingston). 

Grand  Isle,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  is 
a  part  of  South  Hero,  an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Plattsburg,  N.Y.,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Bur- 
lington. This  island  is  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a 
bridge.     Pop.  682. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mesa  co., 
Col.,  at  the  junction  of  2  railroads,  93  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Glenwood  Springs.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  cigar-factory,  and  flour-,  lumber-,  planing-,  and 
saw-mills.     Pop.  2030. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa, 
38  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  22  miles  AV.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  2  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  buggies.     Pop.  932. 

Grand  Junction,  Massachusetts.    See  Cottage  Farm. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  South  Haven,  and  29  miles  S. 
of  Holland.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Memphis  A  Charleston 
and  Chicago,  St.  Louis  A  New  Orleans  Railroads,  52  miles 
E.  of  Memphis,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Holly  Springs,  and  46 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  number  of  stores,  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  460. 

Grand  Lake,  Louisiana.    See  Chetiuacbes  Lake. 


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Grand  Lake,  or  Schoodic  (skoo'dik)  Lake,  Maine, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and 
the  British  province  of  New  Brunswick.  It  is  about  25 
miles  long  and  4  miles  wide.  The  St.  Croix  River  issues 
from  its  S.E.  end. 

Grand  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  Washington  oo.,  Me., 
discharging  its  waters  through  Big  Lake  and  Kennebasis 
River  into  the  St.  Croix. 

Grand  (or  Freneuse,  fr^h^nuz')  Lake,  a  beautiful 
lake  of  New  Brunswick,  in  Queens  co.  Length,  25  miles  ; 
breadth,  6  miles.  It  has  its  outlet  in  the  river  St.  John 
through  the  Jemseg  (a  small  but  deep  stream),  opposite 
Gagetown.  Trout,  gaspereaux,  and  salmon  abound  in  the 
lake  and  the  streams  flowing  into  it.  Its  principal  aflSuent 
is  the  Salmon  River,  navigable  from  its  mouth,  but  only  10 
miles  for  steamers,  and  for  canoes  75  miles.  Newcastle 
River  is  navigable  for  canoes  40  miles,  and  empties  into 
Grand  Lake,  the  scenery  around  which  is  very  beautiful. 
On  its  banks  and  the  banks  of  Salmon  and  Newcastle 
Rivers  are  extensive  veins  of  coal.  Maquapit  and  French 
Lakes  are  connected  with  Grand  Lake. 

Grand  Lake,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Nova  Scotia,  23 
miles  N.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  several  small  islands,  and 
forms  the  chief  source  of  supply  of  the  Shubenacadie  River. 
Length,  about  8  miles ;  breadth,  1  to  2  miles. 
Grand  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark. 
Grand  Lake,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  36  miles  N. 
of  Houston. 

Grand  Lake  Stream,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Me.,  at  the  E.  end  and  outlet  of  Grand  Lake,  15  miles 
W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  a  large  tannery.  A  steamer  plies 
hence  to  Princeton  daily. 

Grand  Lake  Yicto'ria,  a  large  lake  of  Quebeo,  on 
the  Ottawa  River,  about  lat.  47°  40'  N.,  Ion.  77°  30'  W. 

Grand  Ledge,  a  post- village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Oneida  township,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Lan- 
sing. It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
gfiuied  school,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  sewer-pipe, 
tiles,  furniture,  flour,  Ac.     Pop.  1606. 

Grand-Lieu,  grAN«-le-uh',  a  lake  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes.  Length, 
8  miles.  It  receives  the  Boulogne  and  Ognon  Rivers,  and 
discharges  itself  into  the  Loire  by  the  Acheneau. 
Grand  Ligne,  Quebec.  See  Grande  Lione. 
Grand-Luc6,  gr5N»-lii^8i',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Sarthe,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1142. 

Grand  Manan,  man-an'  (or  Menan,  m^n-an'),  an 
island  ofi'  the  easternmost  angle  of  Maine,  in  the  oo.  of 
Charlotte,  New  Brunswick.  Length,  20  miles;  average 
breadth,  about  5  miles.  It  abounds  with  valuable  timber, 
has  excellent  facilities  for  ship-building,  and  has  various 
fishing-stations  around  the  coast.  Pop.  1867.  There  is  a 
light-house  on  the  island,  lat.  44°  45'  52"  N.,  Ion.  66°  44' 
4"  W. 

Grand  Marais,  m&^ri',  a  hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  2  miles  from  Stevensville  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Grand  Marais  (or  Maurais),  a  post-office  of  Cook 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Lake  Superior,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Beaver  Bay. 
Grand   Marsh,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Kilbourn. 

Grand  Meadow,  mSd'o,  a  township  of  Clayton  oo., 
Iowa.  Pop.  in  1875,  850.  Grand  Meadow  Station  is  on 
the  Iowa  &  Minnesota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fe  St.  Paul  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  McGregor. 

Grand  Meadow,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn., 
in  Grand  Meadow  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Minne- 
sota Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  about  22  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  373. 
Grand  Mira  North,  a  post- village  in  Cape  Breton  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mira  River,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Sydney.  P.  150. 
Grand  Monadnock.    See  Monadnock  Mountain. 
Grand  Mound,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Clin- 
ton.   It  stands  on  high  ground,  has  2  hotels  and  2  churches, 
and  ships  much  live-stock.     Pop.  250. 

Grand  Oc6an  Pacifique.    See  Pacific  Ocean. 

Grandola,  grin-do'ia,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 

madura,  on  the  Davino,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon.     P.  2329. 

Grand  Pabos,  pi^boce',  a  post-village  in  Gaspe  co., 

Quebec,  on  the  sea-coast,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Perc6.    Pop.  150. 

Grand  Pass,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 

by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Marshall.     It  has  3  churches,  Ac. 

Grand  Plain,  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile 


Railroad,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleai,s,  and  near  the 
line  between  Louisiana  and  Mississippi. 

Grand  Port'age,  an  Indian  reservation  and  post-vil- 
lage  of  Cook  co.,  Minn.,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  state 
150  miles  N.E.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  custom- 
house. The  first  settlement  was  eff'ected  here  200  years  ago, 
and  it  was  one  of  the  chief  headquarters  of  the  western 
fur-trade  for  150  years. 

Grand  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  oo., 
Kansas,  about  54  miles  N.  of  Topeka. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemine  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi,  58  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  122. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.  P.  370. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  on 

the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Eagle  Ford,  Tex. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  co., 

Wis.,  1  mile  S.  of  Green  Lake,  and  about  32  miles  W.  of 

Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grand  Pr6,  gr6No  pri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 
on  the  Aire,  36  miles  S.S.B.  of  M^zi^res.     Pop.  1482. 

Grand  Pr6,  gr&No  pr&,  or  Lower  Hor'ton,  a  post 
village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  and  on 
the  Windsor  &  Annapolis  Railway,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Wind- 
sor. It  contains  several  stores.  Pop.  about  600.  The  land 
hereabouts  is  very  rich,  mostly  reclaimed  by  dikes.  This  is 
the  scene  of  Longfellow's  "  Evangeline." 

Grand  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex., 
60  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand  Rap'ids,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  Ill 
Pop. 1148. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  city  of  Michigan,  capital  of  Kent 
00.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  Grand -River,  at 
the  jnnotion  of  6  railroads, — the  Chicago  <fc  West  Michigan, 
the  Grand  Rapids  <t;  Indiana,  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  i 
Milwaukee,  the  Graad  Rapids,  Lansing  &  Detroit,  the  Grand 
River  Valley,  and  the  Lake  Shore  <k  Michigan  Southern. 
It  is  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing.  The  site  is  one  of  much 
natural  beauty.  The  river  here  falls  18  feet  in  a  mile;  and 
on  either  side  of  the  river  is  a  canal,  by  means  of  whioh 
numerous  mills  receive  their  motive-power.  The  sawing 
and  planing  of  pine  and  hard-wood  lumber,  and  the  man- 
ufacture of  furniture,  cooperage,  and  wooden-ware,  are  lead- 
ing industries.  Farm-implements,  iron  goods,  wire,  leather, 
flour,  machinery,  beer,  chemicals,  white  bricks,  paving- 
bricks,  cement,  stucco-plaster,  and  land-plaster  are  also  ex- 
tensively manufactured,  there  being  near  the  town  important 
gypsum-quarries.  The  town  is  generally  well  built,  andhaa 
numerous  fine  publio  and  private  edifices,  including  31 
churches,  many  of  them  handsomely  constructed  of  theexoel- 
lent  white  bricks  here  made.  There  are  lines  of  street  rail 
way,  a  disciplined  fire  department,  a  good  water-supply,  8 
banks  (3  national,  5  savings),  a  costly  United  States  court- 
house and  post-office,  offices  issuing  5  daily  and  11  weekly 
newspapers,  a  publio  library,  and  several  substantial  publio 
school-buildings.  Grand  Rapids  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive 
trade.  Pop.  in  1860,  8025;  in  1870,  16,507;  in  1880, 
32,016  ;  in  1890,  60,278. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  post- village  of  Itasca  co.,  Minn.,  94 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  270. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Maumee  River,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  pulp-mill,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  bridge  over  the  river,  which  here  affords 
great  water-power.     Pop.  572. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Wood  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  River,  96  miles  by  rail  W.  of  the  city  of 
Green  Bay,  and  about  66  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portege  City. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  4  churches,  and 
a  high  school,  and  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  fire-bricks, 
staves,  pails,  &c.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  1 702.  Here  are  huge  granite  boulders  and  remarkable 
rapids  in  the  river,  which  falls  30  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile. 
Grand  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Fox  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  planing-mill,  a  feed-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  328. 

Grandrieu,  gr6N»^dre-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lo- 
zere,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1586. 

Grand  River,  a  branch  of  the  Colorado,  rises  in  Gnind 
Lake,  Col.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Middle  Park,  which  »t 
traverses,  flowing  in  a  W.S.W.  direction.  In  this  V"}^^ 
runs  in  a  canon,  cutting  "its  way  through  an  upheaved rid^ 
of  massive  feldspathic  granite  for  3  miles  between  »»"• 


GRA 


1299 


GRA 


om  1000  to  1500  feet  high."  Crossing  the  W.  boundary 
)f  Colorado,  it  flows  southwestward  and  unites  with  the 
Jreen  River  in  Utah,  near  lat.  38°  15'  N,  and  Ion,  110°  W. 
!t  is  about  350  miles  long.     Its  chief  tributaries  are  the 

unnison  and  the  Dolores. 

U Grand  Rirer^  Louisiana,  oommunioates  with  the  At- 
afalaya  Bayou,  runs  southeastward  through  Iberville 
iparish,  and  enters  a  lake  on  or  near  the  W.  border  of  As- 
sumption parish. 

1  (Srantt  River,  Michigan,  called  Washtenong  by  the 
[Indians,  drains  part  of  Jackson  co.,  runs  northward  through 
the  counties  of  Eaton  and  Ingham  to  the  city  of  Lansing, 
jthenoe  northwestward  to  Ionia,  below  which  its  general 
direction  is  westward.  It  intersects  Kent  and  Ottawa  cos., 
|B.nd  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Grand  Haven.  Length,  about 
280  miles.  Steamboats  of  large  or  middle  size  ascend  it  to 
[}rand  Rapids,  about  40  miles  from  the  lake. 

Grand  River,  an  af3uent  of  the  Missouri,  is  formed 
by  2  or  3  branches  which  rise  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa  and 
unite  near  Albany,  in  Gentry  co,.  Mo.  It  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Daviess  and  Livingston  cos.,  and  forms  the 
^boundary  between  Carroll  and  Chariton  cos.  until  it  enters 
the  Missouri  River,  about  1  mile  above  Brunswick.     Total 

Fangth,  about  300  miles.  It  receives  from  the  left  a  large 
.ffinent  called  Crooked  Fork. 
I  Grand  River,  Missouri,  rises  near  the  W.  boundary 
pf  the  state,  runs  southeastward  through  Cass  and  Henry 
jcos.,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  in  Benton  oo,,  about  5 
riiles  above  Warsaw,  Length,  about  150  miles, 
I  Grand  River,  of  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Geauga  and 
^"rumbull  cos.,  runs  northward  into  Ashtabula  oo.,  and 
i^abseouently  flows  westward  through  Lake  co.  and  enters 
Lake  Brie  about  4  miles  below  Painesville.     In  the  lower 

art  of  its  course  it  runs  in  a  deep  and  picturesque  valley, 
t  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Grand  River,  South  Dakota,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of 

le  state,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River 
oout  lat.  45°  37'  N,     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Grand  River,  of  Ontario,  rises  in  (irey  co.  and  runs 

luthward  through  Wellington  and  Waterloo  cos.  It  finally 
bins  southeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about  15  miles 
p.E.  of  Cayuga,  forming  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  N. 
•jliore  of  the  lake.  Length,  about  150  miles.  It  is  con- 
h  acted  with  Lake  Ontario  by  the  Welland  Canal, 
j  Grand  River,  a  river  of  GaspS  co.,  Quebec,  flow- 
jiig  into  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  affords  excellent  angling  for 
it.lmon.  Near  its  mouth  is  a  large  fishing  village  of  the 
•«.me  name,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Perc6. 

Grand  River,  Canada,    See  Ottawa. 

Grand  River,  a  post-oflace  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
[iidian  Territory. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Adair  oo.,  Iowa,  Pop.  347, 
[t  is  traversed  by  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River, 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Decatur  co,,  Iowa.  P.  506. 
h  has  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River  at  its  N.E.  angle. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Madison  co,,  Iowa,   P,  765, 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Wayne  co,,  Iowa,  on  the 
illissouri  line.     Pop.  611,  exclusive  of  Lineville. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Bates  co..  Mo.   Pop.  1024. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  CarroU  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
t602.     It  contains  De  Witt. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Cass  oo..  Mo.  Pop,  3978. 
[t  includes  Harrisonville. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Daviess  co,.  Mo.    P.  1093, 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.    P.  959. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  Mo,  Pop, 
>450,     It  contains  Clinton. 

Grand  Rivers,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky., 
'9  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Paducah.  It  has  2  churches, 
k  newspaper  oflSce,  a  brick-  and  tile-works,  machine-shops, 
ia  iron-furnace,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Grand  Sa'ble  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lake  oo., 
■uns  nearly  westward  through  Mason  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Michigan  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ludington. 

Grand  Sachem,  Highlands,  N.Y.    See  New  Beacon. 

Grand  Sa'line,  a  village  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  In- 
lian  Territory,  8  miles  from  Choteau  Railroad  Station. 
[t  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  salt. 

Grand  Saline,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  oo.,Tex,,  on 
he  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  E.  of  Dallas,  Here 
we  saline  wells  and  a  manufactory  of  salt, 
j  Grandson,  or  Granson,  gr6N»*s6N<»'  (Ger,  Grantee, 
|ran'8i),  a  decayed  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  on  the 
p.W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Neufchatel,  20  miles  by  rail  N, 
jjf  Lausanne.     Pop.  1476. 

Grand  Teton.    See  Mount  Haydbn. 

Grand  Tow'er,  a  post-village  in  Grand  Tower  town- 


ship, Jackson  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  27  mile* 
W.S.W,  of  Carbondale,  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Grand 
Tower  &  Carbondale  Railroad.  The  name  is  derived  from 
a  high  rocky  island  standing  in  the  river  opposite  this  vil- 
lage. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  blast- 
furnaces for  iron.     Pop,  in  1880,  966  j  in  1890,  624. 

Grand  Tower  Cross'ing,  in  Jackson  co..  111.,  is  on 
the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Grand 
Tower  A  Carbondale  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Murphysborough, 

Grand  Trav'erse,  a  county  in  the  N,W.  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  485  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Grand  Traverse  Bay  (of  Lake  Mich- 
igan), and  is  intersected  by  the  river  of  the  same  name. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  numerous  small  lakes  and  exten- 
sive forests,  in  which  the  white  pine  and  sugar-maple  abound. 
The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  grass,  potatoes,  Ac.  Lumber 
is  one  or  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Traverse 
City,  Grand  Traverse  co.  is  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  and  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroads, 
branches  of  which  converge  at  Traverse  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4443;  in  1880,  8422;  in  1890,  13,355. 

Grand  Traverse  Bay,  Michigan,  is  a  part  of  Lake 
Michigan,  from  which  it  extends  southward  between  the 
cos.  of  Antrim  and  Leelenaw.  It  is  about  30  miles  long 
and  12  miles  wide.  It  forms  part  of  the  N,  boundary  of 
Grand  Traverse  co. 

Grand  Traverse  City,  Mich.    See  Traverse  Citt. 

Grand  Traverse  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Kalkaska 
CO.,  runs  westward,  intersects  Grand  Traverse  oo.,  and  enters 
the  bay  of  the  same  name  at  Traverse  City. 

Grand  Trunk  Junction,  or  Milwaukee  Junc- 
tion, a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Detroit  &  Milwaukee  and  Grand  Trunk  Railroads,  8  miles 
N.  of  Detroit. 

Grand  Tun'nel,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  at 
Avondale  Station  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Nanticoke  Station. 

Grand  Turk,  the  largest  of  the  Turk's  Islands  group, 
British  West  Indies.  It  is  5^  miles  long  and  1  mile  wide, 
very  dry  and  barren.  It  has  a  small  town  of  the  same  name 
on  the  W.  shore,  near  a  large  pond  which  affords  muoh  salt. 
Lat.  of  light-house,  20°  31'  N, ;  Ion.  71°  7'  W. 

Grand  Val'ley,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0,,  on 
the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  16  miles  N,E.  of  Cincinnati,  It 
has  a  church. 

Grand  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in 
Eldred  township,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  and 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Titusville.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  lumber,  Ac. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal,,  is  at 
Cross  Creek  Station,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Tulare. 

Grand  View,  a  post- village  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  in  Grand 
View  township,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Charleston,  and  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  177;  of  the  township,  1653. 

Grand  View,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hammond  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  36  miles  by 
land  (55  miles  by  water)  E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  694. 

Grand  View,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grand  View  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Muscatine, 
It  contains  the  Eastern  Iowa  Normal  School.  Pop.  422. 
The  township  has  4  churches,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Iowa  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1262. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas. 

Grand  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  from  Rineyville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  oo.,  Minn.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Marshall.     Pop.  of  Grand  View  township,  150. 

Grand  View,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Grand  View  township,  and  on  the  Ohio  River,  30  miles  above 
Marietta.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  barrel-factory.  Pop, 
193  ;  of  the  township,  2273. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co,,  Tex, 

Grand  VieAV  on  Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland 
00,,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Rail- 
road of  New  Jersey,  2  or  3  miles  S.  of  Nyack,  and  25  miles 
N.  of  New  York.  Here  are  a  number  of  fine  suburban  resi- 
dences, villas,  churches,  Ac. 

Grandville,  Jasper  co.,  111.    See  Granville, 

Grand'ville,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wyo 
ming  township,  on  Grand  River,  6  miles  S.W,  of  the  city 
of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  It  has  several  saw-mills,  3  churches,  a  unior 
school,  and  manufactures  of  plaster,  Ac,     Pop.  about  800 


GRA 


1300 


GRa 


GrandvillierS)  or  Granvilliers,  grftuoVeeV^'j  a 
Tillage  of  France,  in  Oise,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beauvais. 

Grane,  Gran,  grin,  or  Quade,  kw4d  (Arab.  El 
Kuiet,  §1  kwit),  a  seaport  of  Arabia,  district  of  Lahsa,  on 
a  bay  of  the  same  name,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Per- 
sian Gulf,  in  lat.  29°  23'  N.,  Ion.  47°  57'  E.     Pop.  8000. 

Graneros,  gri-ni'roce,  a  station  in  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  South 
Pueblo. 

Grangserde,  grin-yiB'dfih,  a  Tillage  of  Sweden,  laen 
ftod  33  miles  S.W.  of  Falun.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Grange,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Ghenchen. 

Grange,  granj,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 

Grange,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Grange,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Grange  City,  a  post-office  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky. 

Grange  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex. 

Grangemouth,  granj'm&th,  a  seaport  town  of  Soot- 
land,  CO.  of  Stirling,  on  the  Carron,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stir- 
ling, on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Forth  &,  Clyde  Canal.  It 
has  a  custom-house,  a  bank,  extensive  quays  and  ware- 
houses, a  dry-dock,  a  good  harbor,  establishments  for  ship- 
building, and  a  large  export  and  import  trade.     Pop.  2569. 

Granger,  grin'j^r,  a  post-office  and  station  of  St. 
Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Chicago  &,  Lake  Huron  Railroad. 

Granger,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Bristol  township,  near  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  10  miles  N. 
of  Cresco,  Iowa,  and  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Granger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 

Granger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Granger  township,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Nunda  Station, 
and  52  miles  S.S.  W.  of  Rochester.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Genesee  River,  and  contains  a  village 
named  Short  Tract.     Pop.  1159. 

Granger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Granger 
township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  24  miles  S. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  987. 

Granger,  Tennessee.    See  Grainger. 

Granger,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis. 

Granger,  a  post-office  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Green  River  City. 

Grangersville,  gran'JQrz-vIl,  a  post-office  of  Maoon 
CO.,  Ga. 

Granges,  gr&Nzh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  1347. 

Granges,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Grenchkn. 

Grange  Store,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Grangetown,  granj'tSwn,  a  village  of  Wales,  in  Gla- 
morganshire, on  the  Tafif,  opposite  CarcUfif.     Pop.  2189. 

Grangeville,  grS.nj'viI,  a  post-office  of  Tnlare  co.,  Cal. 

Grangeville,  a  post-village  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  about 
3  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Mt.  Idaho.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  540. 

Grangeville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Granicus,  the  ancient  name  of  Chalatdere. 

Granite,  a  post-village  of  Chaffee  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Denver,  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Harvard. 

Granite,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  2  miles 
from  Woodstock  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  ohorohes  and 
several  granite-quarries.     Pop.  about  250. 

Granite,  a  post- village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana, 
about  4  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Phillipsburg.  It  has  4 
ehurches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  silver-mines. 
Pop,  1310. 

Granite,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon. 

Granite,  Pennsylvania.     See  Qrajhte  Hill. 

Granite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  4  miles  by  rail  above  Richmond.  It  has  a 
church,  granite-quarries,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Granite  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  Shawmut  &  Milton 
Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  6  miles  from  the  initial 
station  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Granite  Canon,  kJin'yon,  Wyoming,  is  a  station  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Cheyenne.  Ele- 
vation, 7298  feet.     Good  granite  abounds  here. 

Granite  City,  a  hamlet  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  is  in  a  canon  of  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Wasatch  & 
Jordan  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  a  granite-quarry  and  about 
12  houses. 

Granite  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yellow  Medi- 
cine CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Hastings 


So  Dakota  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of  Glencoe.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring- mills,  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  800. 

Granite  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  CaL,  hi 
Coloma  township. 

Granite  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Tennessee  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Shepherd's  Station 
12  miles  S.  of  Statesville. 

Granite  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Granite  Station  on  the  railroad  between  Gettysburg  and 
Hanover,  4  miles  E.  of  Gettysburg. 

Granite  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

Gran'iteville,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  at 
Eureka  South. 

Graniteville,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass. 
in  Westford  township,  on  the  Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Boston,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Nashua,  N.H. 
It  has  a  church,  a  granite-quarry,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery  and  worsted  yarn. 

Graniteville,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  3i  miles 
from  Middle  Brook  Station.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are 
large  boulders  of  granite,  which  is  used  for  building. 

Graniteville,  a  village  in  Johnston  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  k  Springfield  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  ad- 
jacent to  the  larger  village  of  Centredale.     Pop.  210. 

Graniteville,  a  village  of  Burrillville  township,  Provi 
dence  co.,  R.I.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pascoag. 

Graniteville,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Aiken, 
and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  1791. 

Graivja,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  San  Ildefonso. 

Granmicheli,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Grammichele. 

Gran  Nana,  grin  ni'nSh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  75 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Presburg,  on  a  railway  from  Vienna. 

Grannonnm,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Granville. 

Granollers  de  Vails,  gr&-nol-yaiRs'  Ak  v&ls,  or 
Granollers  del  Yalles,  grft-nol-yaiRs'  dSl  vil'yfe, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Barce- 
lona.    Pop.  4632. 

Grafion,  grin-ySn',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  30  miles  from  Logrono.     Pop.  1102. 

Granozzo,  gri-not'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  1512. 

Grans,  grby,  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouohes-dn- 
Rhflne,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1968. 

Gran  Sasso  d'ltalia.    See  Monte  Corno. 

Grausee,  gr&n'siL\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  3470. 

Granson,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Grandson. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  8.  central  part  of  Arkansas,  hai 
an  area  of  about  617  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Saline  River  and  Hurricane  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  no  railroads,  but  its  E. 
and  W.  borders  are  near  the  Valley  Route  at  Redfield,  and 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &,  Southern  Railroad  from 
Benton  to  Gifford.  Capital,  Sheridan.  Pop.  in  1870,  3943; 
in  1880,  6185,-  in  1890,  7786. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mississinewa  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  dense  forests ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati,  Wa- 
bash A  Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,487;  in  1880,  23,618;  in  1890,  31,493. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  p^rt  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  Its  surface,  which  is  nearly  all 
prairie  land,  is  level,  the  soil  being  of  a  black  loam.  It  ii 
watered  by  the  Cimarron  River,  its  North  Fork,  and  the 
Bear  Creek.  Sandstone,  limestone,  fire-clay,  and  gypsum 
are  found  here.  Capital,  Ulysses.  Pop.  in  1880,  9;  in 
1890,  1308. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area,  280 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Eagle  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rock  which  lies  next  to  the  surface 
is  Silurian  or  Trenton  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Williamstown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9529;  in  1880,  13,083;  in  1890,  12,671. 


GRA 


1301 


GRA 


Grant)  a  parish  in  the  central  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
sn  area  of  about  646  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Saline  Bayou,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Red  River  and  the 
Rigolet  de  Bon  Dieu.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Colfax.  Pop.  in  1870,  4517;  in 
1880,  6188  ;  in  1890,  8270. 

Grant)  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Pomme  de 
Terre  and  Mustinka  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  small 
lakes;  the  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  wheat.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Elbow  Lake.     Pop.  in  1880,  3004  ;  in  1890,  6875. 

Grant)  the  most  southwestern  county  of  New  Mexico, 
,  borders  on  Arizona.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Rio 
'  Grande,  and  is  drained  by  the  Gila  River  and  the  Rio  de 
los  Mimbres.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  partly  mountain- 
ous; the  Mesilla  Valley  and  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande 
have  fertile  soils.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  and  water  are  scarce  on  the  table- 
lands of  this  county.  Gold,  silver,  and  copper  are  found  in 
it.  Area,  9300  square  miles.  Capital,  Silver  City.  Pop. 
in  1880,  4539;  in  1890,  9657. 

Grant)  a  large  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Oregon,  is  partly 
drained  by  John  Day's  River.  The  surface  in  some  parts  is 
mountainous ;  the  soil  of  the  valleys  is  adapted  to  pasturage. 
The  Blue  Mountains  occupy  the  northern  portion  of  the 
county.  It  contains  several  large  lakes  which  have  no 
outlet.  Cattle,  lumber,  and  wheat  are  its  staple  products. 
Area,  5i72  square  miles.  Capital,  Canon  City.  Gold  is 
found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5080. 

Grant)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Big  Stone  Lake,  which  separates 
it  from  Minnesota.  Area,  690  square  miles.  Capital, 
Milbank.     Pop.  in  1880,  3010  ;  in  1890,  6814. 

Grant)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
ftn  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Jforth  and  South  Branches  of  the  Potomac  River.  The 
mrface  is  mountainous  and  is  largely  covered  with  forests. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  ridges  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
live-stock,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Petersburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4467;  in  1880,  5542;  in  1890,  6802. 

Grant)  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
iering  on  Illinois.  Area,  1130  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
m  the  N.W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Grant  and  Platte 
ilivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  ridges,  valleys,  and 
oxtensive  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
ivheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
]tfagnesian  limestone  (Silurian)  underlies  this  county, 
nhich  has  also  mines  of  lead.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Jllilwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Lancaster.  Pop. 
in  1870,  37,979  ;  in  1880,  37,852 ;  in  1890,  36,651. 

Grant)  a  post-oflSce  of  Madison  oo..  Ark. 

Grant)  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Colorado,  in  the 
South  Park,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Denver.    It  has  silver-mines. 

Grant)  Kankakee  co..  Ill,    See  Grant  Park. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Lake  oo..  111.,  bordering  on  Pish- 
taka  Lake.     Pop.  572. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  111.,  about  25  miles 
N.  of  Danville,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Danville  & 
Vincennes  Railroad.     Pop.  1204. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Illinois 
line.    Pop.  835. 

*  Grant)  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 
jBrant)  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind. 
JGrant)  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind 
ntains  Goodland. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa."    Pop.  115 

Grant)  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  160. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  526. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  210, 

Grant)  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  529. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  273. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  578. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  222. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  274. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  820. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  126. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  316 
is  traversed  by  the  Little  Sioux  River. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  852. 
"^rant  Post-Office  is  at  Milford. 


Pop.  532. 
Pop.  699. 

Pop.  377. 
Pop.  411. 


It 


It 


Grant,  a  township  of  O'Brien  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Page  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  540,  ex- 
clusive of  Shenandoah. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  276. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  IIV. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  400. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Ringgold  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  470. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  226. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  634. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  363. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  371. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  262. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  335. 

Grant)  Wright  co.,  Iowa.    See  Goldfield. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Clay  co,,  Kansas,  on  the  Repub- 
lican River.     Pop.  402.     Post-office,  Gatesville, 

Grant)  a  township  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas,  Pop,  331. 
Post-oflSces,  Fannie  and  Alva. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  877 
Post-offices,  Idell  and  Greenbush. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1833. 
It  contains  Abilene. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  619, 
exclusive  of  North  Lawrence. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  753. 
Post-oflBces,  Buck  Grove,  Avoca,  Banner,  and  James  Cross- 
ing. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  538. 
Post-office,  Cerro  Gordo. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  950. 
Post-offices,  Pottersburg,  Cedron,  and  Ingalls. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  347. 
Post-office,  Youngtown. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Neosho  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  918. 
Post-office,  Flat  Rock. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  456.  It 
contains  Nickerson. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  614. 
It  contains  Seapo,  and  has  a  salt-marsh  which  affords  a 
supply  of  good  salt. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Riley  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the  Big  Blue 
River.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  steam  mill.  Pop. 
772.     It  contains  Stockdale. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co,,  Kansas.  Pop.  882. 
It  contains  Valley  Centre. 

Grant)  a  post-office  of  Boone  oo.,  Ky.    See  Belletiew. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  407. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  583. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  oo.,  Mich.  P.  311. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  280. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  61. 

jrrant)  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  223. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Mason  oo.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michi- 
gan.    Pop.  209. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  179. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Newaygo  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  110. 
Grant  Station  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake 
Shore  Railroad  is  5  miles  S.  of  Newaygo. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  302. 

Grant)  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1304. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  traversed 
by  the  railroad  from  White  Bear  Lake  to  Stillwater.  P.  388. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  909. 

Grant)  a  village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Hol- 
den.     It  has  a  church  and  4  stores. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.  Pop.  766.  It 
contains  Anson. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Dade  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  279. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1002. 

Grant)  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  784. 

Grant,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  956. 

Grant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perkins  co..  Neb.,  134 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Holdrege.  It  has  2  churches,  3 
banks,  a  roller- mill,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1890, 
315. 

Grant,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     See  Broken  Straw. 

Grant)  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Russia 
township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton  Falls.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Grant,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.     P.  1119. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  949. 

Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Sandusky  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Ken- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Grant)  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grad* 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 


GBA 


1302 


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Grant,  a  post-borough  of  Indiana  cc,  Pa.,  18  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  1350. 

Grant,  a  station  on  the  Atlantic  &,  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, 1.3  miles  N.E.  of  Corry,  Pa. 

Grant,  a  locality  in  Schuylkill  cc,  Pa.,  on  the  East 
Mahanoy  Railroad,  2  miles  B.  of  Mahanoy  City.  Here 
coal  is  mined. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1116. 

Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  E. 
of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour -mill,  and  a 
■aw-mill. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Clark  oo.,  Wis.  Pop.  663.  Post- 
offices,  Maple  Works  and  Pleasant  Ridge. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.    Pop.  954. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  246. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.    Pop.  470. 

Granta,  an  ancient  name  of  Cambridge. 

Granta,  a  river  of  England.    See  Cam. 

Grant  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa. 

Grant'chester,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  2i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cambridge.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  ancient 
Camhoritum,  the  original  seat  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge.    Pop.  of  parish,  844. 

Grant  City,  a  post-village  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa,-  on  the 
Raccoon  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  2  brick-yards,  Ac. 

Grant  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worth  co..  Mo., 
about  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  4  churches.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1880.  493;  in  1890,  1186. 

Grant  City,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa. 

Grant  Conrt-House,  W.  Va.    See  Matsville. 

Grant  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  III.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Highland  Station,  which  is  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grantham,  grant' am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  23 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a 
church  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  grammar-school,  seve- 
ral chapels,  the  guild  hall,  a  jail,  a  workhouse,  and  a  the- 
atre. The  principal  trade  is  in  malting  and  export  of  corn, 
and  import  of  coal  by  a  canal  connecting  the  town  with  the 
Trent.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  50C8;  of  the  parliamentary  borough,  13,250. 

Grant'ham,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Claremont.  It  has  3 
churches,  public  schools,  and  3  lumber-mills.     Pop.  424. 

Grantham,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1823. 

Grant  Isle,  ile,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Aroos- 
took CO.,  Me.,  on  the  river  St.  John,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Houlton.     It  has  a  church  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  688. 

Grant  Land,  the  extreme  N.  portion  of  Grinnell  Land, 
comprises  the  northernmost  land  yet  reached. 

Grant'ley,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Grant'Iey,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Morrisburg.     Pop.  100. 

Grant'ly  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  Behring  Strait,  in 
Alaska,  is  the  seat  of  a  considerable  trade. 

Gran'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  3  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  here  crossed  by 
a  railway  ferry.  It  has  a  pier,  jetties,  breakwaters,  steam 
cranes,  docks  and  slips  for  shipping,  machine-shops,  and 
chemical  works.     Pop.  1104. 

Gran'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  7  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Gran'ton,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  108  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
carding-  and  grist-mills,  several  stores,  and  a  large  trade  in 
grain.     A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  350. 

Gran'town,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on 
the  Spey,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Forres.     Pop.  1322. 

Grant  Park,  a  post-village  in  Yellow  Head  township, 
Kankakee  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vineennes 
Railroad,  51  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  tile-  and  brick-factory.     Pop.  400. 

Grant  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Grant  co,,  runs  south- 
westward  and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  about  12  piles  above  Dubuque. 

Grant's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &,  North  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Grant's,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Caron- 
delet  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W. 
of  Carondelet. 

Grantsborough,  grants'btir-rah,   a   post-hamlet  of 


Pamlico  co.,  N.C,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Newborn.     It  has  3 
churches. 

Grants'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co..  111.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Vienna.     It  has  a  church. 

Grantsburg,  a  small  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Grantsburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Burnett  co.,  Wig., 
on  Wood  River,  about  6  miles  E.  of  the  St.  Croix  River,  and 
60  miles  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of 
Grantsburg  township,  1613. 

Grant's  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  2^ 
miles  from  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad.   It  has  a  church 

Grant's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 

Grant's  Pass,  the  channel  between  Dauphin  Island, 
Ala.,  and  the  mainland.  Through  it  vessels  may  pass  from 
Mobile  Bay  into  Mississippi  Sound. 

Grant's  Pass,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Josephine  co., 
Oregon,  128  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  lumber-mills, 
«kc.     Pop.  1432. 

Grants'ville,  a  post-village  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  25 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
wagon-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Grantsville,  a  post-village  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  about 
35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Grantsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Charleston. 

Grant'ville,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Grantville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Norfolk  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winsted.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Grantville,  a  post- village  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad,  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  5  churches,  3  schools,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  2 
cotton-gins,  and  railroad  repair-shops.  Gold  is  found  3 
miles  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  654. 

Grantville,  a  post- village  in  Kaw  township,  Jeff"ersoD 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of 
the  Kansas  River,  and  7  miles  £.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a 
church. 

Grantville,  a  post-village  in  Needham  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  tne  Boston  &,  Albany  Railroad,  and  near 
Charles  River,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Grantville,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Neb.,  9i  miles 
N.W.  of  Grand  Island. 

Grantville,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Grantville,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Eact 
Hanover  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Palmyra  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Grantville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 
•  Granville,  grON»Veel'  (anc.  Granno'mimf),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Bosq,  at  the  foot  of  a  rocky  promontory  projecting  into  the 
English  Channel,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-L6.  Lat.  of  the 
light-house,  48°  50'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  35'  57"  W.  It  has  a 
strong  citadel,  a  custom-house,  a  fine  granite  mole  enclosing 
a  small  harbor,  a  Gothic  church,  a  hospital,  and  public  batbs. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  commercial  tribunal  and  a  school  of 
navigation,  and  the  residence  of  a  commissary  of  marine. 
Its  inhabitants  are  partly  engaged  in  cod-  and  oyster-fish- 
eries. It  has  manufactures  of  brandy  and  chemicals,  and 
some  trade  with  the  colonies  and  the  Channel  Islands,  and 
exports  eggs,  Ac,  to  England.  It  is  a  railway  terminoa 
Granville  was  burned  by  the  British  in  1695.     Pop.  12,372. 

Gran'ville,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tar  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and 
by  small  affluents  of  the  Roanoke  and  Neuse  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  i« 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tO' 
bacco,  oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  extensive  beds  of  sandstone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Durham  A 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Oxford.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,881; 
in  1880,  31,286;  in  1890,  24,484. 

Granville,  or  Grandville,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo., 
111.     Pop.  1260.     It  contains  Yale,  or  Grandville. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co..  111.,  in  Gran- 
ville township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Peru,  and  6  or  7  miles  F 
of  Hennepin.     It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  148. 

Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  in  Nile» 
township,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  62  miles  N.B 
of  Indian.ipolis.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 


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Granville,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  48  miles 
'  B.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  ohurch,  a  Catholic  school, 
a  public  school,  2  banks,  and  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory. 

Granville,  a  township  of  Hampden  oo.,  Mass.  Pop. 
J1240.  It  contains  Granville  Corners,  East  Granville,  and 
(West  Granville. 

Granville,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  about  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  71. 
I     Granville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rari- 
tan  Bay,  4  miles  from  Keyport.    It  has  a  church,  a  light- 
house, and  a  fishery. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
iGranvilie  township,  on  the  Rensselaer  <fc  Saratoga  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Pawlet  River,  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and  13 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  graded 
lichool,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  and  a  slate-factory. 
iPop.  about  900.  The  township,  which  has  quarries  of  good 
Iroofing-slate,  contains  also  the  villages  of  Middle  Granville 
land  North  Granville.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks,  a  military 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  batting,  knitted  shirts, 
and  drawers.     Total  pop.  4716. 

I  Granville,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Gran- 
iTille  township,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  6  miles  W.  of  Newark,  and 
'about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  6  churches, 
la  national  bank,  a  furniture-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
'union  school,  the  Granville  Female  College,  and  the  Denison 
:I]niversity  (Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1832  and  has 
ift  library  of  11,000  volumes.  It  is  2  or  3  miles  N.  of  the 
.Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  on  which  is  Granville  Station,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Newark.  Pop.  1366 ;  of  the  township,  2326. 
'  Granville,  a  township  of  Meroer  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1234.  It 
|c(intains  St.  Henry's. 

Granville,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1375. 
ill  contains  Granville  Centre  and  Granville  Summit. 
j  Granville,  a  post-village  in  Granville  township,  Mifflin 
Iw .,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
|Eailroad,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  church, 
:a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop.  of  township,  1297. 
j  Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
C  unberland  River,  60  miles  E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
lol  urches. 

j  Granville,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about 
[26  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  mountainous  surface, 
pim.  726.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Granville. 
I  Granville,  a  post- village  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
itheMonongahela  River,  2  miles  below  Morgantown.  It  has 
^  jhuroh.     Pop.  about  150. 

j  Granville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granville  township,  Mil- 
Witukee  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Riiilroad,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  15 
m:les  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2401. 
i  Gran'ville,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Isand,  24  miles  from  Charlottetown.  Pop.  330. 
!  Granville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
In  Granville  township,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 
Jt  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  hotel. 
1  Granville  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  oo.,  Wis. 
i  Granville  Cor'ners,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  oo., 
Mass.,  in  Granville  township,  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  drums 
{inl  toys. 

i  Granville  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
ootia,  on  the  W.  side  of  Annapolis  Bay,  opposite  the  town 
f  Annapolis.  It  contains  several  stores,  churches,  hotels, 
nd  ship-yards.  Pop.  300. 
Granville  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co., 
'a.,  in  Granville  township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
oad,  47  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2  churches. 
?hB  station  is  called  West  Granville,  or  Granville,  and  the 
lott-office  Granville  Summit. 

Granvilliers,  France.    See  Qrandvilliers. 

Grao  de  Valencia,  grl'o  di  vft,-18n'the-8,,  or  Villa- 
laeva  del  Grao,  veePyi-nwi'vi  dfil  gri'o,  a  seaport 
own  of  Spain,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadalaviar,  4  miles  E. 
f  Valencia,  of  which  it  is  the  port.     Pop.  3278. 

Grape  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Grape  Grove,  a  township  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2660. 

Grape  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Ross 
ownship,  5  miles  S.  of  Selma  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grape  Island,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va., 
i  near  an  island  in  the  Ohio  River. 

Grape'l  and,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about 
4  miles  S.  of  Mankato. 

Grapeland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
nternational  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of 
I'alestine.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  Ac. 
,  Grape  Lawn,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 


Grape'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  25  milw 
S.S.W.  of  Albany. 

Grapevine,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  ^o.,  Pa., 
in  Hempfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  26 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Grape  Vine,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co  ,  Ark. 

Grape  Vine,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co  ,  Ky. 

Grape  Vine,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  oo.,  Tex..  19 
miles  N.  of  Johnson's  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  masonio 
institute,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Grappe's  (gr3,p8)  Blulf,  a  post-office  of  Natchitoches 
parish,  La.,  on  Red  River. 

Grarib,  a  mountain  of  Egypt.    See  Agrbeb. 

Grash'olm,  or  Gresh'olm,  an  island  of  Wales,  in 
St.  George's  Channel,  co.  of  Pembroke. 

Graslitz,gr&s'lit8,  Greklis,  grdk'Iis,  orGradlicze, 
gr4d-leet'si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eger. 
It  has  manufactures  of  musical  instruments,  looking-glasses, 
cotton  yarn,  paper,  Ac.     Pop.  6335. 

Gras'mere,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
2i  miles  N.W.  of  Ambleside.  It  stands  at  the  head  of 
Grasmere  Lake,  and  is  noted  as  having  been  the  home  of 
several  eminent  men  of  letters.     Pop.  of  township,  805. 

Grasmere  Hill  (or  Fell),  a  mountain  of  England,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  E.  of  Crummock-Water. 

Gr£lsd,  gri's6\  an  island  of  Sweden,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  ^f  Bothnia,  opposite  the  town  of  Oregrund.  Lat. 
60°  25'  N.     Length,  about  18  miles. 

Grass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in  Grass 
township,  30  miles  E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1871. 

Grassano,  gr&s-s&'no,  or  Grazzano,  gr&t-s&'no,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessandria, 
about  8  miles  from  Casale.     Pop.  1642. 

Grassano,  gris-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
25  miles  E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5262. 

Grasse,  griss,  a  town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes, 
25  miles  W.  of  Nice.  It  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  a  com- 
munal college,  3  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  an  exchange,  a 
theatre,  an  old  tower,  some  Roman  antiquities,  a  public 
library,  and  a  gallery  of  paintings.  Large  quantities  of 
perfumery  are  made  at  Grasse.  It  has  many  mills  for  oil 
and  flour ;  also  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  stuffs,  silk 
organzine,  leather,  liqueurs,  and  brandy,  and  an  active 
trade  in  fruits  and  oil.     Pop.  9673. 

Grasse,  or  La  Grasse,  1&  gr&ss,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Aude,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1135. 

Grass'hopper,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas, 
Pop.  1306.     It  contains  Muscotah. 

Grasshopper  Creek,  Kansas.  See  Delaware  River. 

Grasshopper  Falls,  Kansas.    See  Valley  Falls. 

Gras'sington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  8i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Skipton.  Pop.  of  township,  830. 

Grass  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Grass  Lake  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.  of  Jackson,  and  66  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  flouring-mill.  Here  is  a  small  lake  (2  miles  long)  of  the 
same  name.  Pop.  617;  of  the  township,  1643.  Wheat, 
wool,  apples,  and  live-stock  are  its  staple  products. 

Grass  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Kanabec  co.,  Minn. 

Grass  Land,  a  post-office  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky. 

Grass  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grass  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Grass  Pond,  or  Saint  Etienne  de  Boulton^ 
siNt  5t*e-en'  d§h  boolH6N»',  a  post-village  in  Brome  oo., 
Quebec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  125. 

Grass  (or  De  Grasse)  River,  New  York,  rises  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  and  runs  first  nearly  north- 
westward, then  gradually  deflects  to  the  right,  and  flows 
northward  to  Canton,  thence  pursuing  a  northeastward  course, 
and  entering  the  St.  Lawrence  River  at  the  N.W.  extremity 
of  Franklin  co.,  about  3  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Racket 
River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Grass  Run,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Grass  Val'ley,  a  post-town  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Grass  Valley  township,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sacra- 
mento, and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nevada.  It  is  the  most  popu- 
lous place  in  the  county,  and  derives  its  prosperity  chiefly 
from  its  gold-mines,  which  are  among  tne  richest  in  the 
state.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  several 
quartz-mills,  and  2  iron-foundries.  Grass  Valley  is  the 
seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  convent  and  2 
orphanages.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  aro 
published  here.     Pop.,  including  township,  6798. 

Gras'sy  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 


GRA 


1304 


GRA 


Grassy  Cove,  a  po8t-ofl5ce  of  Oumberland  co.,  Tenn. 

Grassy  Creek  rises  in  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  runs  north- 
eastward into  Virginia,  and  enters  the  Boanoke  River  in 
Mecklenburg  co. 

Grassy  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky. 

Grassy  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  514. 

Grassy  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark. 

Grassy  Fork,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1188.     It  contains  Tampico. 

Grassy  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Grassy  Meadows,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W.Va. 

Grassy  Mountain,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1335. 

Grassy  Point,  a  post-village  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Stony  Point  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  1  mile 
from  Stony  Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  machine- 
shop  and  a  brick-yard,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Hacken- 
sack  &  New  York  Extension  Railroad. 

Grassy  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Gras'syville,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Tex. 

Grataliops,  gri-til-yops',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 24  miles  from  Tarragona.     Pop.  1146. 

Gratchevska,  GracheTska,gr&-chSv'sk&,  or  Gra- 
tschewskaia,  gri-chfiv-ski'yi,  a  village  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  125  miles  N.W.  of  Astrakhan,  on  the  Volga. 

Gra'ter's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.  of  Perkiomenville,  and  34  miles  N.W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Grate's  Cove,  a  village  at  the  entrance  to  Trinity 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  6  miles  N.  of  Bay  de  Verds.    Pop.  550. 

Gratianopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Grenoblk. 

Gratiot,  gra'she-ot,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  560  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
■ected  by  Pine  River,  and  also  drained  by  Maple  River  and 
Beaverdam  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  white  pine  and 
eugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber,  wheat, 
Indian  com,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  this 
county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  &  North  Michigan 
Railroad.  Capital,  Ithaca.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,810;  in  1880, 
21,936 ;  in  1890,  28,668. 

Gratiot,  a  post- village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the 
National  Road,  in  Hopewell  township(partly  in  Hopewell 
township,  Muskingum  co.),  12  miles  W.  of  Zanesville,  and 
about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
manufactory  of  drain-tiles.     Pop.  228. 

Gratiot,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  in  Gra- 
tiot township,  on  the  Pecatonica  River,  about  48  miles  S.W. 
of  Madison.  It  is  on  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Mineral  Point.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  plough- 
and  wagon -factory.    Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1511. 

Gra'tis,  a  post-township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  about  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.  Pop.  2023.  It  contains  the  village 
of  Winchester,  in  which  is  Gratis  Post-Office. 

Gratsanitza,  gr&t-s&-nit's&,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Zvornik. 

Gratsanitza,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Zvornik. 

Grat'tan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grattan 
township,  12  miles  N.  of  Lowell,  and  about  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  150 ;  of  the  township,  1250. 

Gr&tZ,  or  Graetz,  grSts  (Slavonian,  Nimetzki-Gradetz, 
ne-mfits'ke-gri-dSts'),  the  capital  city  of  Styria,  in  Austria, 
situated  at  a  railway  junction,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mur, 
in  lat.  47°  4'  13"  N.,  Ion.  15°  26'  E.  With  its  suburbs,  it 
is  about  7  miles  in  circumference,  and  pretty  well  built, 
having  many  good  private  and  some  fine  public  edifices. 
The  city  proper,  small  and  irregularly  laid  out,  is  encircled 
by  fine  walks  and  public  gardens  on  the  site  of  the  t)ld  for- 
tifications. The  cathedral  has  some  fine  monuments.  Near 
it  is  a  chapel  with  the  tomb  of  Ferdinand  II. ;  and  here  are 
about  20  other  churches.  The  Convict,  the  largest  public 
building  in  Gratz,  now  serves  for  a  school  of  the  university. 
The  other  principal  buildings  are  the  ancient  palace  of  the 
Styrian  dukes,  now  the  governor's  residence,  the  citadel,  the 
observatory,  the  council-house,  the  theatre,  and  the  Land- 
haus,  with  a  large  collection  of  ancient  armor.  The  Jo- 
hanneum,  "  the  pride  of  Gratz  and  of  Styria,"  was  founded 
by  the  Archduke  John  in  1812  for  the  encouragement  of 
the  arts  and  manufactures  of  Styria :  it  has  rich  museums 
of  zoology,  botany,  mineralogy,  antiquities,  and  coins,  a 
chemical  laboratory,  a  botanic  garden,  a  library  consisting 
of  the  best  European  works  and  open  to  the  public,  gra- 


tuitous courses  of  lectures,  and  a  reading-room  supplied 
with  the  chief  European  journals.  The  university  has  t 
library  of  55,000  printed  volumes  and  7500  MSS.  Grat» 
has  a  gymnasium,  an  episcopal  academy,  military  and  nu- 
merous other  schools,  6  hospitals  and  many  other  charitable 
establishments,  military  magazines,  a  jail,  a  workhouse 
and' a  lunatic  asylum.  Gratz  is  the  residence  of  the  mili' 
tary  commandant  for  Styria  and  of  the  Prince-Bishop  of 
Leckau,  and  is  the  seat  of  various  courts.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  silk,  and  woollen  fabrics,  leather,  iron  and 
steel  wares,  rosoglio,  Ac,  and  a  large  trade  in  timber,  iron 
and  seeds.     Pop.  in  1880,  97,791 ;  in  1890,  113,540.  ' 

Gr£Ltz,  grits,  Grodzisko,  grod-zis'ko,  or  Gredz* 
lack,  grSts'lik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3684. 

Gratz,  grats,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Owenton,  and  about 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  harrows,  lumber,  Ac. 

Gratz,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Lykens 
township,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  are  mines  of  anthracite  coal.     Pop.  386. 

Graubiinden,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.    See  Orisons. 

Graudenz,  grow'dfints,  a  fortified  town  of  Western 
Prussia,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Vistula, 
here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats  2700  feet  in  length.  Pop. 
16,615,  including  military.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  a  strong  fortress,  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  and  a 
Lutheran  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Graulhet,  gr5^1&',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  on  the  Dadou,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Lavaur.     Pop.  4435. 

Grann,  grfiwn,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  30  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Imst,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  more 
than  4500  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  721. 

Graupen,  grdw'p^n,  or  Kranpen,  krfiw'p^n,  a  mining 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tep- 
litz.     It  has  mines  of  tin.     Pop.  2320. 

Grans,  grdwce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37  milei 
E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Sera.     Pop.  2803. 

Gravalos,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Grabalos. 

Grave,  gri'v^h,  or  Graaf,  grfl,f,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Meuse,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2819. 

Grave  Creek,  West  Virginia,    See  Moundsvillb. 

Gravedona,  gr&-v&-do'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  1527. 

Grav'el  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Coquille  River,  15  miles  from  the  sea,  and  50  miles  W. 
of  Roseburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Gravel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
10  miles  from  Marble  Hill.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Lead 
is  found  here. 

Gravel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Gravel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Gravelines,  griv^leen'  (Flem.  Gravelingen,  gr&'rfa 
ling^^n),  a  strongly  fortified   seaport  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  on  the  Aa,  near  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  1" 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Calais.    It  stands  in  a  marshy  phi: 
protected  from  the  sea  by  dunes  or  sand-hills,  and  whi 
may  be  laid  wholly  under  water.    It  has  an  arsenal,  militn: 
magazines,  and  a  military  hospital.     Its  port  is  small  b 
convenient,  and  is  frequented  by  fishing- vessels.   Pop.  41 ' 

Gravel'la,  a  post- village  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on  t 
Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  102  miles  N.E.  of  Mobil'.. 
It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Gravellona,  gr4-v51-lo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  11  milee 
S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2448. 

Grav'el ly  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  - 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  A 
Pop.  150. 

Gravelly  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Junction  A  Brea 
water  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lewes,  Del. 

Gravelly  Landing,  New  Jersey.  See  Port  Republi 

Gravelly  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co. 
Ala.,  9  miles  N.  of  Cherokee.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gravelotte,  griv^lot',  a  village  of  Lorraine,  7  mllei 
W.  of  Metz,  gives  name  to  the  sanguinary  battle  and  French 
defeat  of  August  18,  1870.     Pop.  669. 

Gravelotte,  grav'e-lot,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0, 
on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  12  miles  from  Cincinnati. 

Grav'el  Point,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Gravel  Point,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 

Gravel  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Gravel  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Gravel    Switch,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ky., 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Bi^ 
road,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon. 


GRA 


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Grav'elton,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
jaltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Milford  Junction, 
hd  101  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago. 
I  Gravendeel)  gr&V^n-d&l',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 

South  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Dort.     Pop.  2437. 
j  Gravenhaug, 'S,  Netherlands.     SeellAGDE. 
iGra'venhurst,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo.,  Ontario, 
1^  Lake  Muskoka,  25  miles  N.  of  Orillia.     It  has  4  stores, 
i  hotels,  saw-,  sash-,  door-,  and  planing-mills,  and  an  ez- 
insive   lumber-trade.     Steamers  plying  on  the  lake  and 
ver  Muskoka  start  from  here.     Pop.  400. 
iGravenstein,  gri'v^n-stine^  or  Graasteen,  gr&'- 
An,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Sleswick,  with  a  castle,  11 
[iles  N.E.  of  Flensburg.    Pop.  654. 

I  Gra'ver's,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  &  Chestnut  Hill 
•tailroad,  i  mile  from  Chestnut  Hill,  Pa. 
I  Grave  Run  Mills^  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 

d.,  about  30  miles   N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has   a 
BoUen-factory,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Graves,  gravz,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky, 

'  a  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by 

ark's  River  and  Mayfield  Creek.     The  surface  is  nearly 

veil,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil 

fertile.    Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
aple  products.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Newport 

ISW8  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
tayfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,398;  in  1880,  24,138; 

1890,  28,534. 
!  Graves,  a  station  in  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern 

ijlroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Dawson. 
Gravesend,  gravz^find',  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
nt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  20  miles  by  rail 
3.B.  of  London.  The  older  part  of  the  town,  near  the 
er,  has  narrow  streets ;  the  upper  town  is  more  open,  and 
lii  many  tasteful  rows  of  houses  and  detached  villas.  The 
t  nmit  of  the  hill  on  which  it  is  built  is  crowned  by  pros- 

•  i)t  towers   commanding  views  of  the  Thames,  and  is  a 

•  '■orite  place  of  holiday  resort.  Gravesend  has  a  free 
•!  ool,  some  almshouses,  a  battery,  town  hall,  workhouse, 
![.itom-house,  bank,  numerous  good  baths,  libraries,  ter- 
1(68,  several  public  gardens,  and  two  piers  on  the  river, 

tming  agreeable  promenades.  Formerly  its  trade  con- 
r«d  in  supplying  ships  with  stores,  vessels  from  London 
<  ing  obliged  to  clear  out  here.  Its  more  recent  prosperity 
iltes  from  the  establishment  of  steamboats,  which  run  to 
>adon  in  two  hours,  and  during  summer,  especially  on 
•liidays,  brihg  immense  crowds  of  visitors.  Many  alsr  of 
0  wealthier  class  of  trades-people  reside  here.  There  is  a 
iftry  across  the  Thames  to  Tilbury  Fort.  P.  (1891)  24,067. 
Gravesend,  gravz'find,  a  former  township  of  Kings  co., 
,Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Brooklyn, 
frhieh  it  was  annexed  in  1894.  Pop.  in  1880,  3674;  in 
iJlO,  6937.  It  comprises  Coney  Island. 
Graves  (gravz)  Illill,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 
Graveston,  gravz'tgn,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 
Gravesville,  gravz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
,Y.,  in  Russia  township,  near  West  Canada  Creek,  3  miles 
)3a  Trenton  Falls,  and  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Utica. 
has  2  churches,  a  wagon-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  67. 
Gravesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  oo..  Wis.,  in 
utrlestown  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  and  i  mile  from  Chilton.  It  has 
shuroh,  a  cheese-factory,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 
Gravezande,  gri-v^h-zin'd^h,  or  'S  Gravezande 
1.  Are'na  Oom'itia  ?),  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  8  miles 
W.  of  the  Hague,  on  the  sand-downs  near  the  sea-coast, 
•p.  3782. 

GraviHe,  griWeel',  Graville-Sainte-Honorine, 
'iVeel'-s&Nt-o'noVeen',  or  Graville-i'Heure,  grS,'- 
•el'-loB,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Havre.  It  has  a  curious  old  church.  Pop.  2700. 
Gravina,  gr4-vee'ni,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  35 
iles  S.W.  of  Bari,  on  the  left  bank  of  the"  Gravina  River, 
ip.  14.443.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  8 
er  churches,  several  convents,  and  a  college. 
Grav'ity,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  17  miles 
rail  E.  of  Clarinda.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  anews- 
per  ofiBce,  a  public  school,  Ac.  Pop.  210. 
Gravois  (gra'vi)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
;o.,  28  miles  S.  of  Tipton.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen- 
ill,  and  a  furnace  for  smelting  lead,  which  is  mined  here. 
Gray,  gri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Sa8ne,  on  the 
^ne,  here  bordered  by  a  fine  quay,  36  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
Vesoul.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  an 
palace  of  the  dukes  of  Burgundy,  cavalry  barracks, 
■ge  flour-mills,  tanneries,  steam  saw-mills,  oil-mills,  many 
her  factories,  and  an  active  trade.  Pop.  7345. 
83 


Gray,  a  coanty  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  traversed 
by  the  North  Fork  of  Red  River.  Area,  900  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1880,  66;  in  1890,  208. 

Gray,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in  Gray 
township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  3  miles  W. 
of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  an  academy,  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
steel  shuttles.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1738.  Gray  Station 
is  19  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

Gray,  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.     See  Graysvillb. 

Gray,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Gray,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2533. 

Gray 'bill,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
A  York  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Gray  Eagle,  ee'g'l,  a  township  of  Todd  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  124. 

Gray  Hawk,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Gray'land,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Gray'ling,  a  post-town  of  Crawford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Au  Sable  River,  and  on  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  93  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools, 
a  box-factory,  saw-mills,  Ac.  The  excellent  grayling  fish 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1558. 

Graylock,  Massachusetts.     See  Greylock. 

Gray  Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Adirondack  group,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4902  feet. 

Gray  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Titus  co.,  Tex.,  about  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Marshall. 

Gray's,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Williamsport, 

Grays'bnrg,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  manufactory  of  baryta. 

Gray's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Gray's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Gray's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Half  Moon  township,  3  miles  from  Crescent  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Gray's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Gray's  Ed'dy,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Red  Bank  Furnace,  Pa. 

Gray's  Fer'ry,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Wilmington  A  Baltimore  section  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station.  Near  here  is 
the  Schuylkill  East  Side  Station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio. 

Gray's  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gray's  Har'bor,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
Chehalis  co.,  Washington.  The  Chehalis  River  enters  the 
eastern  end  of  this  inlet,  which  extends  from  the  ocean 
inland  nearly  15  miles.  Vessels  drawing  18  or  20  feet  of 
water  can  enter  this  harbor,  which  is  safe  and  commodioiu 
and  has  an  area  of  about  150  square  miles. 

Gray's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.  ' 

Gray's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Monongahela  River,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Uniontowa. 
It  has  a  distillery. 

Gray's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Durant. 

Grayson,  gra'spn,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rough  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Caney  and  Nolin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  More  than  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  pork, 
tobacco,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the 
Newport  News  A  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Leitchfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,580;  in 
1880,  15,784;  in  1890,  18,688. 

Grayson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  Trinity 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  osage  orange,  and 
walnut ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  cattle, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  at  Red  River  with  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas 
Railroad,  and  by  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway.  A 
branch  of  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad  terminates  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Sherman.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,387 ;  in  1880, 
38,108;  in  1890,  53,211. 

Grayson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  bor» 


GRA 


1306 


GRE 


dering  on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  485  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  or  Kanawha  River. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  A  long  ridge,  called  Iron  Mountain, 
extends  along  the  N.  border  of  this  county.  The  valleys 
produce  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass.  Iron  ore  is  found 
here.  Capital,  Independence.  Pop.  in  1870,  9687  j  in 
1880,  13,068;  in  1890,  14,394. 

Grayson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Crittenden  oo..  Ark.,  7  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Marion. 

Grayson,  California.     See  Gkaysonville. 

Grayson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  is 
on  Little  Sandy  River,  23  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  River- 
ton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  rail- 
road machine-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  433. 

Grayson  Old  Court-House,  Va.    See  Old  Town. 

Grayson  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leitchfield,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  the  Paducah  A  Elizabethtown  Railroad.  It  has 
a  large  hotel  and  mineral  springs. 

Grayson  Springs  Station,  a  post-village  of  Gray- 
son CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  &,  Elizabethtown  Railroad, 
66  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Grayson 
Springs.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Gray'sonville,  or  Gray'son,  a  post-village  of  Stan- 
islaus CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  30  miles  S.  of 
Stockton. 

Graysonville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.,  in 
Hardin  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Gray's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, on  or  near  the  E.  border  of  the  Middle  Park,  about 
50  miles  W.  of  Denver,  in  lat.  39°  38'  N.,  Ion.  105°  48' 
46"  W.  It  rises  14,341  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its 
sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  large  evergreen  trees, 
among  which  are  the  Douglas  spruce  {Ahies  Douglagii) 
and  the  yellow  pine  {Pinu*  ponder osa). 

Grays'port,  a  post-village  of  Grenada  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Yalabusha  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Grenada,  and  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Gray's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Pacific  co.,  Washing- 
ton, enters  the  Columbia  River  15  miles  N.E.  of  Astoria, 
^inall  vessels  can  ascend  it  10  miles. 

Gray's  River,  a  post-office  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
>n  Gray's  River. 

Gray's  Sum'mit,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  41  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
Louis.    It  has  a  drug-store,  2  general  stores,  and  2  churches. 

Gray's  Thur'rock,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Thames,  and  on  a  railway,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Gravesend.  The  town  has  a  pier  and  large  brick- 
works.    Pop.  of  parish,  2806. 

Gray'stone,  a  village  in  North  Providence  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Woonasquetucket  River,  and 
on  the  Providence  A  Springfield  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  manila-paper  mill.     Pop.  82. 

Grays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Catoosa  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Graysville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  in 
lurman  township,  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Graysville,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co..  Mo. 

Graysville,  or  Gray,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Ohio  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It 
haa  a  church,  a  tannery,  4  stores,  and  about  30  houses.  The 
uune  of  its  post-office  is  Gray. 

Graysville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.    Pop.  199. 

Graysville,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rich  Hill 
township,  13  miles  W.  of  Waynesburg. 

Graysville,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Graysville,  a  post-office  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn. 

Graysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  about  70 
miles  W.8.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Gray'town,  a  post-village  on  the  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, in  Ottowa  co.,  0.,  18  miles  E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a 
church,  3  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  Ac. 

Graytown,  a  post-village  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Ban  Antonio  River,  20  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has 
%  chcroh.     Pop.  about  300. 

Graytown,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  76  miles 
N.  of  Melbourne.     It  has  gold-mines.     Pop.  1422. 

Gray'ville,  a  post-village  in  Grayville  township.  White 
•0.,  HI.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  Vin- 


cennes  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Carmi,  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Vineennes.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  banks,  2  flour-mills,  2  saw-mjlls,  2  stave-factories,  and  2 
planing-mills.     Pop,  in  1880,  1533;  in  1890,  1999. 

Gray  Wil'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co..  111.,  7  milei 
N.W.  of  St.  Charles.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Grazalema,  gr^-th&-l4'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cadiz.  Pop.  6349.  It  stands  on  a 
steep  rock  in  the  sierra  of  the  same  name. 

Grazierville,  gra'zh^r-vil,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Tyrone. 

Grazzano,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Grassano. 

Grea'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Car- 
lisle. 

Greasy  (gree'ze)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Greasy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Greasy  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark. 

Greata,  a  river  of  England.     See  Greta. 

Great  Abaco,  West  Indies      See  Abaco. 

Greqt  Augh'Avick  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters 
the  Juniata  River  in  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Great  Barrier  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Otea. 

Great  Barrington,  bear'ing-t9n,  a  post-village  of 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Great  Barrington  township,  on  the 
Housatonic  River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany,  and 
28  miles  E.  of  Hudson,  N.Y.  It  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  goods  and  lumber,  and  2  superior  hotels. 
Quarries  of  good  building-stone  have  been  opened  here. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890.  4fil2. 

Great  Ba'sin,  a  plateau,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada Range.  It  comprises  the  western  part  of  Utah,  aiid 
nearly  all  the  state  of  Nevada,  extending  E.  and  W.  about 
450  miles,  with  a  width  nearly  equal  to  its  length.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  numerous  mountain-ridges,  rising 
from  a  table-land  the  lowest  part  of  which  is  nearly  4500 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Fresh  water  is  scarce  in 
this  vast  basin,  the  rivers  of  which  send  no  tribute  to  the 
ocean,  but  either  sink  in  the  desert  sand,  evaporate,  or  flow 
into  some  saline  lake.  Among  the  remarkable  features  of 
this  basin  is  Great  Salt  Lake.  Rocks  of  the  tertiary  forma- 
tion underlie  a  large  part  of  this  region.  The  mountain- 
ridges  are  composed  of  granite  or  other  primary  (azoic) 
rocks,  the  highest  rising  about  8000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  "  Although  a  basin  in  fact  so  far  as  its  water-drain- 
age is  concerned,  yet  its  surface  does  not  sweep  down  from 
the  surrounding  rim  to  a  central  depression,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  its  areas  of  greatost  depression  are  to  be  found 
near  the  borders,  while  its  central  portion  reaches  a  much 
greater  elevation  and  is  broken  into  a  series  of  detached 
ridges."  (Report  of  the  Geological  Survey  for  1871.)  The 
quantity  of  rain  that  falls  here  is  small,  and  irrigation  is 
required  to  render  the  soil  productive.  This  basin  is 
nearly  destitute  of  good  timber. 

Great  Basses,  Ceylon.    See  Basses. 

Great  Bear  Lake,  in  British  North  America,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Arctic  Circle.  Its  shape  is  irregular,  and 
it  has  an  area  of  about  14,000  square  miles.  Length,  from 
N.  to  S.,  nearly  150  miles;  breadth,  from  E.  to  W.,  about 
the  same.  Its  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  Bear 
River  into  the  Mackenzie  River. 

Great  Bed'win,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on 
the  Kennet  A  Avon  Canal,  4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hunger- 
ford.     Pop.  of  parish,  2068. 

Great  Belt.    See  Belts,  Great  and  Little. 

Great  Belt,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Butler.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

Great  Bend,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barton  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  84  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Newton,  and  83 
miles  N.E.  of  Dodge  City.  The  river,  which  above  this 
place  runs  northeastward,  here  changes  its  course  to  the 
S.E.  Great  Bend  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  public  schools, 
a  court-house,  4  newspaper  offices,  2  planing-mills,  and  2 
large  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2450. 

Great  Bend,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  165. 

Great  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  11 
miles  by  rail  above  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 


GRE 


1307 


GRE 


I 


P 


Great  Bendt  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River. 

Great  Bend,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
in  Great  Bend  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <k  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  200  miles  from  New  York,  47  miles  N.  of 
Scranton,  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Binghamton.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  finely  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys. 
It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines  and  leather. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1136;  in  1890,  1002. 

Great  Bend  Village^  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  the  borough 
of  Great  Bend.  It  is  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &, 
Western  Railroad  and  the  Erie  Railroad,  14  miles  from 
Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Great  Berkhamp'stead,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Herts,  on  the  Grand  Junction  Canal,  28  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  London.  It  has  a  spacious  church,  which  contains  12 
small  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-coat  school,  numer- 
ous smaller  charities,  a  jail  with  house  of  correction,  and 
the  remains  of  a  strong  castle  famous  in  English  history. 
Cowper  thepoet  was  born  here  in  1781.     Pop.  4088. 

Great  Bradford,  England.    See  Bradford. 

Great  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  Albemarle  &  Chesapeake  Canal,  at  the  head  of  Eliza- 
beth River,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Great  Britain,  or  Britain,  brit't'n  (Fr.  Grande 
Bretagne,  gr6Nd  br^h-tin' ;  It.  Gran  Brettagna,  grin  brfit- 
t&n'y&;  Sp.  Gran  Bretafla,  grin  bri-tin'yi;  Ger.  Gross 
Britannten,  groce  bre-tin'ne-^n ;  anc.  Al'hion,  afterwards 
Britan'nia  or  Britan'nia  Major, — major,  i.e.,  "  greater," 
being  added  in  order  to  distinguish  it  from  Brittany,  which 
was  also  sometimes  called  Britannia  or  Britannia  Minor, 
i.e.,  "  Lesser  Britain"),  the  largest  island  of  Europe,  con- 
taining the  countries  of  England,  Wales,  and  Scotland. 
Lieard  Point,  its  southern  extremity,  is  in  lat.  49°  57'  30" 
N.,  Dunnet  Head,  in  Caithness,  the  most  N.  point,  in  lat. 
58°  40'  24"  N.  The  most  E.  point  is  Lowestoft,  on  the  coast 
of  Norfolk,  1°  46'  E.  Ion.  The  most  W.,  Airdnamurchan 
Point,  in  the  N.  part  of  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  is  in  6°  13' 
W.  Ion.  The  distance  from  Lizard  Point  to  Dunnet  Head  is 
about  608  miles.  The  greatest  breadth  of  the  island,  from 
Land's  End  to  the  easternmost  part  of  Kent,  is  about  311 
miles.  The  general  form  of  Great  Britain  is  wedge-shaped, 
being  broadest  at  its  S.  extremity  and  narrowest  at  its 
northern.  Its  eastern  coast  forms  a  waving  and  continuous 
though  not  unbroken  line,  but  the  western  coast  is  extremely 
irregular,  and  deeply  indented  with  many  bays  and  arms 
of  the  sea,  interspersed  with  numerous  islands.  The  S.E. 
part  of  Britain  is  a  level  alluvial  surface,  the  centre  un- 
dulating and  hilly,  the  W.  and  N.W.  mountainous  and  ir- 
regular. In  the  N.  and  W.  azoic  rocks  prevail ;  in  the 
middle  districts  coal,  lime,  salt,  and  ironstone  are  abundant, 
and  these  are  succeeded  in  England,  in  its  E.  and  S.E.  coun- 
ties, by  oolite,  chalk,  and  the  newer  geological  formations. 
A  mountain-range,  more  or  less  elevated,  extends  from  S. 
to  N.  of  the  island.  Beginning  at  Land's  End,  in  Cornwall, 
and  traversing  Devonshire,  Somersetshire,  and  Wales,  it 
varies  in  elevation  from  1500  to  3500  feet.  The  highest 
summit  in  this  branch,  as  also  in  South  Britain,  is  Snowdon,  in 
Wales,  3570  feet.  Another  branch  extends  from  the  Cots- 
wold  Hills,  Gloucestershire,  and  runs  through  Derbyshire, 
Staffordshire,  Yorkshire,  Cumberland,  Westmoreland,  and 
Northumberland,  with  elevations  from  2000  to  3000  feet; 
highest  summit,  Scawfell,  in  Cumberland,  3208  feet.  Suc- 
ceeding these  are  the  Cheviots,  between  England  and  Scot- 
land ;  highest  summit,  Cheviot  Peak,  in  Northumberland, 
2676  feet.  Farther  N.  is  the  Grampian  range,  which  inter- 
sects Scotland,  and  contains  Ben  Nevis  in  the  W.,  rising  to 
;  the  height  of  4406  feet,  the  highest  elevation  in  the  British 
Isles.  The  most  considerable  rivers  are  the  Severn,  Dee, 
Mersey,  and  Clyde,  on  the  W. ;  and  the  Thames,  Trent,  Ouse, 
Humber,  Tyne,  Forth,  Tay,  and  Spey,  on  the  E.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  those  of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland  in 
England,  and  Lochs  Lomond,  Tay,  Ness,  and  Maree,  in  Scot- 
land. Loch  Lomond,  the  largest  lake  in  Great  Britain,  has 
an  area  of  34  square  miles.  The  principal  bays  and  estu- 
aries are  the  Bristol  Channel,  Cardigan  Bay,  Lancaster 
Bay,  Solway  Firth,  Firth  of  Clyde,  Firth  of  Lorn,  and  the 
Minch,  on  the  W. ;  the  estuary  of  the  Thames,  the  Wash, 
the  Humber,  and  the  Firths  of  Forth,  Tay,  Moray,  and 
Cromarty,  on  the  E. ;  while  on  the  S.  there  are  Falmouth, 
Plymouth,  and  Portsmouth  harbors,  and  Spithead. 

The  British  Isles,  or  "  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain 
And  Ireland,"  form  an  archipelago  of  hundreds  of  islands 
and  rocks,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  W.  shores  of  Central 


Europe,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  North  Sea,  th« 
Strait  of  Dover,  and  the  English  Channel.  Including  the 
Norman  or  Channel  Isles,  which  do  not  strictly  belong  to 
the  archipelago,  the  latitude  extends  from  49°  13'  to  60°  49' 
N.,  and  the  longitude  from  1°  45'  E.  to  10°  26'  W.  The 
principal  islands  and  groups  are  Britain,  Ireland,  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  Anglesea,  Man,  the  Scilly  Islands,  Bute,  Arran, 
and  the  Hebrides,  Orkney,  and  Shetland  Islands.  Area 
of  the  archipelago,  121,607  square  miles;  pop.  in  1871, 
31,629,299  ;  in  1891,  37,888,153.  Being  surrounded  by  the 
ocean,  and  having  a  branch  of  the  Gulf  Stream  flowing 
along  the  W.  coasts,  the  mean  annual  temperature  of  the 
British  Isles  is  equal  to  that  of  countries  in  much  lower 
latitudes  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  while  the  winter  tem- 
perature is  much  higher.  The  mean  annual  temperature 
of  the  central  parts  of  the  archipelago  is  about  49°  Fahr., 
that  of  Unst,  in  Shetland,  being  44.5°,  and  of  Cornwall,  in 
the  extreme  S.,  51.5°.  The  average  rainfall  is  33.79  inches. 
The  prevailing  winds  for  nine  months  of  the  year  are  S.W., 
W.,  and  N.W.  From  March  to  May,  E.,  N.E.,  and  N.  winds 
prevail.  Though  variable,  the  climate  of  Britain  is  found, 
from  tables  of  longevity,  to  be  one  of  the  most  salubrious 
in  the  world ;  while  the  very  general  cultivation  and  drain- 
age of  the  soil  have  removed  those  maladies  that  originate 
in  marsh  effluvia.  Within  the  last  century  the  average 
longevity  of  the  population  has  been  much  increased.  In 
1800  the  average  mortality  was  1  in  32;  in  1871,  1  in  44. 
The  indigenous  vegetation  partakes  of  the  character  of  that 
of  the  contiguous  parts  of  Europe,  and  contains  few  or  no 
species  peculiar  to  the  archipelago.  All  the  grains  and 
grasses,  and  the  common  European  fruits,  grow  in  almost 
all  situations  not  too  elevated,  and  both  agriculture  and 
horticulture  have  been  brought  to  great  perfection.  The 
breeds  of  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  other  useful  animals  are 
of  the  best  description.  Of  wild  animals  the  fox,  badger, 
wild  cat,  stoat,  martin,  otter,  nare,  and  rabbit  are  the  prin- 
cipal. The  stag  and  fallow  deer  are  still  preserved,  but 
birds  of  prey  are  becoming  rare.  The  eastern  half  of  the 
island  is  generally  an  agricultural,  while  the  western  is  a 
grazing  country.  Estimating  the  entire  surface  at  78,000,000 
acres,  it  is  calculated  that  24,000,000  are  under  crop, 
22,500,000  under  pasture,  16,000,000  waste,  but  capable  of 
cultivation,  and  15,500,000  hopelessly  waste.  The  revenue 
of  the  United  Kingdom  for  18S3  amounted  to  £90,395,377, 
the  expenditure  to  £90,375,365,  and  the  net  national  debt  to 
£668,432,772.  The  value  of  assessed  property  in  1893  was 
for  England,  £607,748,110  ;  Scotland,  £65,023,424;  Ireland, 
£37,981,150.  Exports  of  British  produce,  £218,496,246  ;  of 
foreign  and  colonial  produce,  £58,935,595;  total,  £277,431,- 
841.  Total  imports,  £405,067,690.  The  imports  are  chiefly 
food  and  raw  material  for  manufactures.  The  principal 
articles  of  raw  material  imported  are  cotton,  about  £60,000,- 
000,  and  wool,  £25,000,000;  a  considerable  amount  of  raw 
silk  is  also  imported,  besides  £11,500,000  silk  manufactured 
goods ;  while  the  exports  consist  chiefly  of  cotton,  woollen, 
and  linen  goods,  metallic  goods,  machinery,  coals,  and  ap- 
parel. The  total  mercantile  fleet  of  steam-  and  sailing-ves- 
sels belonging  to  Great  Britain  at  the  close  of  the  year 
1892  was  17,020,  having  an  aggregate  tonnage  of  8,449,512 
tons  and  employing  241,735  men.  The  records  for  many 
years  show  a  pretty  steady  decrease  in  the  number,  with  an  in- 
crease in  the  size  and  aggregate  tonnage,  of  ships.  There  is 
also  a  marked,  though  rather  slow,  decrease  in  the  number  of 
sailing-vessels,  and  a  nearly  corresponding  increase  in  the 
number  and  tonnage  of  merchant  steamers.  The  British 
fisheries  are  among  the  most  important  in  the  world. 
About  £5,000,000  is  invested  in  this  industry,  and  the  an- 
nual catch  offish  is  ordinarily  worth  £10,000,000.  The  royal 
navy  numbers  some  258  vessels  actually  in  commission, 
having  a  tonnage  of  16,714  tons;  30  of  these  are  armored 
ships,  aggregating  10,516  tons ;  of  the  others  many  are  "  pro- 
tected," or  more  slightly  armored.  There  is  also  a  large 
number  of  torpedo-boats.  The  total  military  force  for  the 
United  Kingdom,  the  Colonies,  and  India  in  1887  was 
placed  at  676,156  men,  including  militia,  volunteers,  and 
reserves.  The  regular  forces  in  actual  service  amount 
to  209,480  effective  men.  The  annual  cost  of  the  army  and 
navy  together,  in  time  of  peace,  exceeds  £31,000,000. 
Large  sums  are  expended  on  military  and  naval  instruction. 
The  total  length  of  railways  in  the  British  Islands  in  1886 
was  19,169  miles;  in  the  whole  empire,  52,450  miles. 
From  the  home  railways  the  total  traffic  receipts  amount 
to  £69,555,774  per  annum.  The  working  expenditures 
amount  to  53  per  cent,  of  the  receipts.  Telegraph  wires 
are  under  the  control  of  the  government.  There  is  an  ex- 
cellent system  of  postal  savings-banks.  The  mining  of  ooal 
and  iron-ore  is  very  extensively  carried  on.    Total  ralM 


ORE 


1308 


GRE 


of  minerals  and  metols,  £60,000,000.  The  government  is 
a  limited  monarchy.  The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in 
the  sovereign  and  the  ParUament  (Lords  and  Commons),  the 
concurrence  of  all  which  estates  is  necessary  to  the  enact- 
ment of  new  laws,  or  to  the  repeal  of  those  already  m  force. 
The  members  of  the  House  of  Lords  comprise  peers  of  the 
blood  royal,  archbishops,  dukes,  marquises,  earls,  viscounts, 
bishops,  barons,  Scotch  representative  peers,  and  Irish  rep- 
resentative peers,  numbering  in  all  over  550.  The  House 
of  Commons  consists  of  670  members,  495  of  whom  are 
chosen  by  the  electors  of  England  and  Wales,  103  by  those 
of  Ireland,  and  72  by  those  of  Scotland.  , 

Nothing  is  known  historically  of  Britain  before  the  in- 
vasion of  Caesar  (b.c.  55,  54),  except  by  a  few  obscure  al- 
lusions. It  is  conjectured  to  have  been  originally  peopled 
from  the  adjoining  continent,  first  by  the  Celts  from  Gaul, 
and  afterwards  by  Teutonic  tribes  from  Germany  and  Scan- 
dinavia. After  the  invasion  of  Caesar,  the  Romans  did  not 
return  to  Britain  for  about  a  century ;  under  Agricola,  An- 
toninus Pius,  Severus,  and  Caracalla,  it  was  subdued  (except 
the  extreme  N.)  and  occupied  till  about  a.d.  420,  when  it 
was  abandoned  by  the  Romans.  Agricola  built  a  wall  be- 
tween the  Firths  of  Forth  and  Clyde,  in  order  to  bound  the 
empire  and  defend  it  from  the  Caledonians.  Adrian  erected 
a  wall  from  the  Solway  Firth  to  the  Tyne ;  and  Severus 
built  a  stone  wall  in  the  same  direction,  portions  of  which 
still  remain.  After  the  termination  of  the  Roman  power 
the  greater  part  of  Britain  was  conquered  by  the  Saxons, 
Jutes,  and  Angles,  the  latter  giving  their  naine  to  England : 
this  conquest  commenced  in  449,  and  occupied  about  130 
years.  In  1066  the  Normans  made  a  descent  on  England, 
and  possessed  themselves  of  the  country.  Magna  Gharta 
was  obtained  by  the  barons  in  1215.  In  1203  Wales  was 
united  to  England.  In  1604  the  accession  of  James  I. 
united  the  crown  of  Scotland  to  that  of  England.  A  civil 
war  in  Britain  terminated  in  the  execution  of  Charles  I.  in 
1649,  followed  by  a  Commonwealth  that  lasted  eleven  years. 
In  1660  monarchy  was  restored,  when  Charles  II.  ascended 
the  throne  of  his  father.  William  III.  was  called  to  the 
throne  after  the  revolution  of  1688.  The  legislative  union 
of  Scotland  and  England  took  place  in  1707.  The  American 
war  of  independence  began  in  1776  and  terminated  in  1784. 
The  French  revolution  and  war  with  France  began  in  1793 
and  terminated  by  the  battle  of  Waterloo  in  1815.  The 
legislative  union  of  Ireland  with  Britain  took  place  in  1800, 
and  was  followed  next  year  by  the  first  regular  census  of  the 
British  isles.  In  1829  the  Catholic  Emancipation  Act  was 
passed,  and  a  reform  of  the  British  parliamentary  repre- 
sentation was  effected  by  the  Act  of  1832.  In  1842  the 
tariff  reform  was  begun,  which  has  resulted  in  free  trade ; 
and  in  1854,  in  alliance  with  France,  Turkey,  and  Sardinia, 
war  was  declared  against  Russia,  in  consequence  of  its  en- 
croachments on  Turkey.  In  1855  Sebastopol  was  taken  by 
the  allied  armies,  and  peace  was  established  in  1856.  In  the 
year  following  a  formidable  insurrection  broke  out  in  India, 
which  induced  the  British  government  to  take  the  imme- 
diate superintendence  of  their  vast  possessions  in  that  coun- 
try into  their  own  hands.  The  cabinet  council  for  carrying 
on  the  business  of  the  state  is  composed  of  the  president  of 
the  privy  council,  the  lord  high  chancellor,  first  lord  of  the 
treasury,  lord  privy  seal,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  five 
secretaries  of  state, — viz.,  home,  colonial,  foreign  affairs,  war 
department,  and  India, — first  lord  of  the  admiralty,  presi- 
dent of  local  government  board,  vice-president  of  education 
committee,  chief  secretary  for  Ireland,  and  chancellor  of 
the  duchy  of  Lancaster.  The  courts  of  law  and  local  gov- 
ernment vary  in  different  divisions  of  the  empire ;  but  each 
county  throughout  the  kingdom  is  governed  by  a  lieutenant, 
sheriff,  and  other  officers,  appointed  by  the  crown.  The 
Episcopalian  form  of  church  government,  of  which  the 
sovereign  is  the  head,  is  the  state-established  religion  in 
England,  and  the  Presbyterian  form  that  of  Scotland.  There 
is,  however,  the  most  complete  toleration  of  all  religious 
sects  throughout  the  empire.    The  most  perfect  degree  of 

fiersonal  freedom  is  guaranteed  by  the  I^beas  Corpus  Act 
which  secures  to  the  suspected  prisoner  a  trial  or  liberation 
within  a  limited  time),  trial  by  jury,  liberty  of  the  press, 
liberty  of  conscience,  and  the  total  abolition  of  slavery. 
Bach  city  and  municipal  borough  has  the  election  of  its  own 
■eparate  corporate  officers.  The  colonies  have  each  a  gov- 
ernor or  lieutenant-governor  appointed  by  the  crown,  and  in 
most  cases  the  governor  is  assisted  by  a  council  and  a  legis- 
lative assembly. 

The  British  Empire  is  the  largest  in  the  world,  extending 
into  every  zone  and  climate,  comprising  more  than  a  sixth 
part  of  the  land  of  the  globe,  and  embracing  under  its  rule 
nearly  a  sixth  part  of  the  population  of  the  world.    The 


area  and  population  of  its  chief  divisions  are  given  in  the 
following  table : 


Divisions. 


United  Kingdom  (England,  Wales, 
Scotland,  Ireland,  the  Isle  of  Man, 
and  CbaDDel  Islands) 

Gibraltar 

Malta  (embracing  also  the  smaller 
islands  of  Gozo  and  Comino) 

European  Possessions 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


British  India  (embracing  districtg 
under  direct  British  administra- 
tion, but  excluding  native  states) 

Straits  Settlements  (Singapore,  Pe- 
nang,  and  Malacca)... 

Ceylon 

Hong-Kong 

Labuan ~ 

Aden  Settlement 

Cyprus 

Asiatic  Possessions. 


Cape  Colony,  including  Griqualand 
East,  Griqualand  West,  Tembu- 
land,  Transkei,  and  Walfish  Bay.. 

Natal 

Gold  Coast 

Lagos 

Sierra  Leoue 

Gambia ^ 

St.  Helena 

Ascension 

Tristan  d'Acuuha _ .^ 

Mauritius 

Rodrigues 

Seychelles 

Amiratite,  Chagos,  and  other 
islands 

St.  Paul  Island,  Amsterdam  Island, 
Ac 


African  Possessions. 


Dominion  of  Canada 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador., 

Bermudas 

British  West  India  Islands.... 
Balize,  or  British  Honduras... 

British  Guiana 

Falkland  Islands...... 


American  Possessions... 


121,524 

2 
119 


121,646 


964,993 

1,445 

26,364 

32 

45 

80 

3,680 


996,639 


221,311 

20,460 

16,000 

1,071 

15,000 

69 

47 

36 

45 

708 

125 

106 

100 
28 


Popnlation. 


(1891)     38,104,973 


(1892) 
(1892) 


168^889 


38,297,912 


(1891)  221,172,952 


(1891) 

(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 


612,342 

3,008,466 

221,441 

6,863 

41,910 

209,286 


226,172,250 


(1891)       1,527,224 


(1891) 
(Est.) 
(Est.) 
(Est.) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1892) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 


643,913 

1,473,882 

100,000 

180,000 

14,260 

4,116 

300 

.W 

371,655 

2,068 

16,4«) 

1,200 
1,500 


274,106 


3,456,383 

42,2(»0 

20 

13,385 

7,562 

109,000 

6,500 


3,635,060 


Feejee  Islands 

British  New  Guinea.. 

New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand 

QueensUnd 

South  Australia 

Tasmania 

Victoria 

Western  Australia.... 
Other  island  groups.. 


ACSTBALASIAN   POSSESSIONS.. 


BRITISH  EMPIRE 8,202,466 


7,740 

90,000 

310,700 

104,471 

668,497 

903,690 

26,215 

87,884 

975.921 

1,000 


3,176,117 


4,236,608 


(1891) 
(1891) 
(1892) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1892) 
(1891) 


4,8a'},239 

202,040 

15,290 

l,364,2:i0 

31,471 

278,296 

1,789 


6,726,354 


(1892) 
(Est.) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(1891) 
(Est.) 


125,442 
350,000 

1,132,234 
626,658 
393,718 
320,431 
146,667 

1,140,405 
49,782 
3,000 


4,288,337 


278,721,361 


(See  the  countries  named  in  the  above  table.) 

Great  Bncharia,  a  state  of  Asia.    See  Bokhara. 

Great  Butte  des  Morts  (bute  di  moR),  a  lake  in 
Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,  an  expansion  of  the  Neenah  River, 
about  3  J  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  2  miles  wide.  The  name 
is  derived  from  mounds  in  the  vicinity,  called  buttes  de$ 
morts,  or  "  hills  of  the  dead,"  on  account  of  their  contaiir- 
ing,  it  is  said,  the  bones  of  Indians  slain  in  battle. 

Great  Caca'pon  (often  pronounced  ka'p^n),  a  post- 
office  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg.  It  is  o- 
the  Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Cacapon  River. 

Great  Cacapon  River,  West  Virginia.  See  Cacapok. 

Great  Captain's  Islands,  3  in  number,  are  in  Long 
Island  Sound,  S.  of  Greenwich,  Conn.  On  the  western- 
most is  a  fixed  light. 

Great  Caramons',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  30  ifiUes  S.W.  of  Sinjrapor*. 
Lat.  1°  5'  N.;  Ion.  103°  30'  B.  *  -  --  -"-^-^  ^  ~  -"^ 


GRE 


1309 


GRE 


Great  Catawba,  N.C.    See  Catawba  River. 

Great  Cat'wick,  an  island  of  the  China  Sea,  off  the 
eoast  of  Cochin  China.     Lat.  10°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  52'  B. 

Great  Coco  Island.    See  Coco  Islands. 

Great  Comoro  Island.    See  Angazita. 

Great  Cross'ings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Soott  eo.,  Ey.,  on 
the  North  Elkhorn  River,  2i  miles  from  Georgetown.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Great  Cnmania,  Hungary.    See  Cdmania. 

Great  Cy'press,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.   P.  1620. 

Great  Desert.    See  Sahara. 

Great  Doom,  a  river  of  George  district,  Cape  Colony, 
Africa,  an  affluent  of  Olifant's  River.  To  the  east  of  it  is 
the  Little  Doom. 

Great  £egholm,  island,  Denmark.     See  Eegholu. 

Great  Egg  Har'bor,  New  Jersey,  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  between  Cape  May  and  Atlantic  counties. 

Great  £gg  Harbor  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in 
Camden  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Atlantic  co.,  and 
enters  Great  Egg  Harbor  Bay.  It  is  about  60  miles  long. 
Sloops  can  ascend  it  to  May's  Landing. 

Great  E'quinunk^  Creek,  of  Wayne  oo.,  Pennsyl- 
vania, flows  into  the  Delaware  River. 

Great  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Rockville.  It  has 
a  church.     The  river  here  falls  80  feet  within  1^  miles. 

Great  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Strafibrd  co.,  N.H.,  now 
coextensive  with  Somersworth  township,  on  the  Salmon 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  48  miles  S.W.  of  Portland,  Me. 
It  has  abundant  water-power,  and  contains  6  churches, 
3  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  large  cotton-manufacturing 
plants,  a  woollen-mill,  a  shoe-factory,  an  oil-distributing 
station,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  an  electric  street 
railroad.  It  is  partly  built  on  an  eminence,  called  Prospect 
Hill.     Pop.  in  1890,  6207. 

Great  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  Potomac  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Herndon  Station. 

Great  Faringdon,  England.    See  Farringdon. 

Great  Fish  Bay,  Southwestern  Africa,  is  an  inlet 
of  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  16°  30'  2"  S. ;  Ion.  11°  47'  E. 

Great  Fish  River,  a  river  of  Cape  Colony,  rises  in 
the  Sneeuwbergen  (Snowy  Mountains),  flows  tortuously 
S.S.E.  through  the  districts  of  Somerset,  Albany,  Ac,  and 
enters  the  Indian  Ocean  near  lat.  33°  26'  S.,  Ion.  27°  E., 
after  a  S.E.  course  estimated  at  230  miles.  Its  affluents 
are  the  Graak,  Tarka,  and  Little  Fish  Rivers. 

Great  Fish  River,  or  Thew-ee-Choh,a  river  of 
British  North  America,  rises  in  Sussex  Lake,  on  the  N.E. 
side  of  Great  Slave  Lake,  and,  after  a  tortuous  N.E.  course, 
enters  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean  in  lat.  67°  7'  31"  N., 
Ion.  94°  39'  45"  W. 

Great  Green  Island,  in  Knox  co..  Me.,  lies  in  the 
Atlantic,  N.W.  of  Matinicus  Island.     Pop.  14. 

Great  Grims'by,  a  town  of  England.    See  Griusby. 

Great'ham,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  6i 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Stockton-on-Tees.  The  hospital 
of  "  God  in  Greatham,"  founded  in  1272,  now  supports  a 
master,  chaplain,  and  13  brethren.  It  has  very  handsome 
buildings  and  grounds  beautifully  laid  out. 

Great  Homorod  River.    See  Homorod. 

Great  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Furneaux  Islands,  in 
Bass's  Strait,  between  Australia  and  Tasmania.  Length,  40 
miles ;  breadth,  12  mil<  3. 

Great  Island,  the  largest  island  in  Cork  harbor,  Ire- 
land. Length,  4|  miles.  It  has  a  fertile  soil  and  many 
handsome  villas. 

Great  Island,  an  islet  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Wexford,  on  the  N.  side  of  Wexford  harbor. 

Great  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Portsmouth  harbor, 
New  Hampshire,  near  the  S.W.  side.  On  its  E.  point  is  a 
fixed  light,  lat.  43°  3'  30"  N.,  Ion.  70°  43'  W. 

Great  Island,  a  station  on  the  Newark  &  Elizabeth 
Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  3  miles  N. 
of  Elizabeth,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Great  Kanawha,  ka-naw'w^  a  river  which  rises  in 
the  Blue  Ridge  of  North  Carolina  and  runs  northeastward 
into  Virginia.  The  part  of  it  which  is  in  North  Carolina 
and  Virginia  is  called  the  New  River.  After  it  has  trav- 
ersed several  counties  of  Virginia,  it  changes  its  course  to 
the  N.W.,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  West  Virginia.  It 
ruDB  nearly  northward  through  Fayette  co.  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Gauley  River,  below  which  its  general  direction  is 
northwestward.  It  intersects  the  counties  of  Kanawha,  Put- 
nam, and  Mason,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Point  Pleasant, 
W.  Va.  The  name  New  River  is  sometimes  given  to  all  the 
part  which  is  above  the  mouth  of  the  Gauley,  at  which 


place  the  river  is  about  500  yards  wide.     Its  entire  length 

15  estimated  at  450  miles.  Coal  is  abundant  on  the  banks 
of  this  river  in  West  Virginia.  It  falls  22  feet  about  30 
miles  above  Charleston,  and  is  navigable  by  steamboats  from 
its  mouth  to  the  falls,  a  distance  of  more  than  100  miles. 
The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  follows  the  course  of  tbo 
Kanawha  for  about  80  miles. 

Great  Lake,  Tasmania.      See  Clarence  Lake. 

Great  Lion,  a  river  of  South  Africa.    See  Gahka. 

Great  Mar'iow,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  on 
the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  an  iron  suspension-bridge,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Maidenhead.  It  has  many  good  houses, 
a  handsome  town  hall,  and  a  church,  with  some  manufac- 
tories of  silk,  lace,  and  paper.  It  sends  two  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  4701. 

Great  Mills,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md. 

Great  Neck,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Hempstead  township,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  is  1  mile  from  Great  Neck  Station,  the  terminus  of  the 
Great  Neck  Branch  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Great  Nemaha  (nem'a-haw)  A'gency,  an  Indian 
agency,  the  reservation  for  the  Iowa,  Sac,  and  Fox  Indians, 
in  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Kansas  line.   White  pop.  33. 

Great  Notch,  a  station  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Great  Oak,  township,  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  271. 

Great  Ogeechee  River,  Georgia.    See  Ogeechee. 

Great  Ohoopee  River,  Georgia.    See  Ohoopee. 

Great  Par'adise,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the  W.  side  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  25  miles  from  Placentia. 

Great  Paredon  Kay,  Bahamas.    See  Pareson. 

Great  Pedee,  South  Carolina.     See  Pkdee  River. 

Great  (or  San'dy)  Point,  the  N.  extremity  of  Nan 
tucket  Island,  Mass.  It  has  a  fixed  light  70  feet  above  sea- 
level.     Lat.  41°  23'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  3'  W. 

Great  Pond,  a  post-offioe  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  Great  Pond,  28  miles  E.  of  Milford. 

Great  Popo,  Guinea.    See  Popo. 

Great  Saint  Law'rence,  a  port  of  entry  in  the  district 
of  Burin,  Newfoundland,  on  the  W.  side  of  Placentia  Bay, 

16  miles  S.W.  of  Burin.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  and  exten- 
sive trade  and  fishery.     Pop.  270. 

Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  is  in  the  N.E.  part  of  tho 
Great  Basin,  and  at  the  W.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tains. It  is  about  90  miles  long,  with  a  breadth  varying 
from  20  to  35  miles.  The  surface  is  about  4200  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  This  lake  has  no  outlet.  Its  principal 
tributaries  are  the  Bear,  Jordan,  and  Weber  Rivers,  all  of 
which  enter  at  the  east  side.  It  encloses  several  islands, 
one  of  which,  called  Antelope  Island,  is  about  18  miles 
long.  The  water  is  a  saturated  solution  of  common  salt 
(chloride  of  sodium),  and  has  a  specific  gravity  of  1.170. 
In  100  parts  of  this  water  there  are  22.282  parts  of  saline 
and  non-volatile  matter,  composed  as  follows  :  chloride  of 
sodium,  20.196 ;  sulphate  of  sodium,  1.834 ;  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, 0.252.  Its  greatest  depth  is  about  60  feet.  Several 
species  of  insects  and  a  brine-shrimp  have  been  found  in  it. 

Great  Schiitt  Island,  Hungary.    See  SchVtt. 

Great  Shemogue,  shem^o-gwee',  or  Bris'tol,  a  post- 
village  in  Westmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick,  19  miles  from 
Shediao.     Pop.  300. 

Great  Slave  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  British  North 
America,  lies  between  lat.  60°  40'  and  63°  N.  and  Ion.  109* 
and  117°  W.  It  is  about  300  miles  long,  and  50  miles  wide 
at  the  broadest  part.  Its  form  is  very  irregular.  It  is 
partly  supplied  with  water  by  Great  Slave  River  and  other 
streams.  Its  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  the  Mac- 
kenzie River,  which  issues  from  its  W.  end. 

Great  Slave  River,  of  British  North  America,  it 
formed  by  the  Peace  River  after  it  is  joined  by  Stony  River 
from  Lake  Athabasca.  It  enters  Great  Slave  Lake  on  ita 
S.  side,  by  two  mouths,  near  Fort  Resolution.  Total  course, 
300  miles. 

Great  South  Bay,  New  York,  is  on  the  S.  side  of 
Long  Island,  about  midway  between  its  E.  and  W.  extrem- 
ities, and  is  partly  separated  from  the  ocean  by  a  long  and 
narrow  strip  of  land  called  Great  South  Beach. 

Great  South  Sea.    See  Pacific  Ocean. 

Great  Val'ley,  or  Kill'buck,  a  post-village  of  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Great  Valley  township,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River,  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  the  Rochester  &  State 
Line  Railroad,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  16  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Olean.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  cheest^ 
lumber,  sash,  Ac,  5  stores,  4  hotels,  and  a  planing-milli 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1705. 

Great  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.T., 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Great  Valley  Railroad  Station. 


GRE 


1310 


GRE 


Great  Valley  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.,  4  or  5  miles  N.E.  of  Great  Valley  Stetion.  It  has  a 
ahingle-mill  and  a  handle-factory. 

Great  Vil'lage,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  oo.  of 
Colchester,  near  the  head  of  Cobequid  Bay,  3  miles  from 
Londonderry,  and  18  miles  W.  of  Truro.  It  has  10  stores, 
a  hotel,  tannery,  Ac,  with  a  good  shipping  trade.    Pop.  600. 

Great  Works,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Milford  township,  on  the  Penobscot  Kiver,  and  on  the  Euro- 

?ean  A  North  American  Railroad,  11  miles  above  Bangor, 
t  has  a  church  and  lumber-mills. 
Grebe,  gri'b^h,  or  Grift,  grift,  a  small  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  falling  into  the  Rhine  2  miles  E.  of  Rhenen. 

Grebenstein,  gri'b^n-stine',  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse- Nassau,  on  the  railway  from  Eisenach  to  Karlshafen, 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  2441. 

Greble,  grfib'l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W,  by  N.  of  Reading. 
Grecian  Archipelago.  See  ^gean  Sea. 
Gredzlack,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland.  See  Gratz. 
Greece,  grAs  (Gr.  'EAA(i9,  Bellas;  L.  Orx'cia ;  Fr. 
Orioe,  grka  or  grSs;  Sp.  Orecia,  gri'the-4;  It.  Orecia,  grk- 
che-i;  Ger.  Oriechenland,  gree'K^n-lint^;  Arab,  and  Turk. 
Boom),  a  kingdom  of  Southern  Europe,  situated  between  lat. 
36"  10'  and  39°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  19°  30'  and  26°  30'  E.  (in- 
cluding the  islands),  bounded  N.  by  European  Turkey,  W. 
by  European  Turkey  (on  the  line  of  the  Arta)  and  the 
Ionian  Sea,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  E.  by  the  ^gean 
Sea.  It  is  composed  of  a  continental  portion,  which  com- 
prises Hellas  on  the  N.,  and  the  peninsula  of  the  Morea 
(anc.  PeloponnesuB)  on  the  S.  (the  two  parts  being  almost 
separated  by  the  Gulfs  of  Patras  and  Lepanto  on  the  W. 
and  the  Gulf  of  ^gina  on  the  E.),  and  of  an  insular  por- 
tion consisting  of  the  islands  in  the  ^gean  Sea,  and  the 
Ionian  Islands. 

The  territory  of  Greece  is  nearly  all  mountainous ;  the 
culminating  point  of  the  whole  is  Mount  Guiona,  in  Doris, 
lat.  38°  38'  N.,  Ion.  22°  15'  E.,  8240  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
principal  chain,  that  of  Pindus,  enters  the  country  from  the 
N.,  and  Mount  Othrys,  one  of  its  branches,  forms  the  greater 
part  of  the  S.  boundary  of  Thessaly.  S.  of  this,  the  princi- 
pal chain  turns  S.E.,  and  forms  two  branches,  OSta  on  the 
N.,  and  Parnassus  on  the  S.  Another  chain  extends  from 
the  channel  of  Euripus  to  the  Morea,  which  it  enters  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Corinth.  The  centre  of  the  Morea  forms  an 
elevated  table-land,  enclosed  by  three  mountain-chains,  the 
most  extensive  of  which  crosses  the  peninsula  on  the  N. 
The  coasts  are  elevated,  irregular,  and  deeply  indented ;  the 
principal  gulfs  are  those  of  Arta,  Volo,  Patras,  Lepanto  or 
Corinth,  ^gina  or  the  Saronic  Gulf,  Nauplia,  Kolokythia, 
Koron  or  Messenia,  and  Arcadia.  Chief  capes,  Marathon, 
Colonna  or  Sunium,  and  Skropha,  in  Attica,  Skillo,  Malia, 
Matapan,  Gallo,  and  Klarentza,  in  the  Morea.  OflF  the  W. 
coast  are  the  Ionian  Islands.  The  lafge  island  of  Euboea 
lies  along  the  N.E.  side  of  the  continent,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  narrow  channel,  called  Euripus ;  the  other 
islands  are  partly  scattered  over  the  jSgean  Sea  (Sporades), 
and  partly  collected  into  the  group  of  the  Cyclades.  Greece 
has  numerous  streams,  but  they  are  mostly  rapid  and  unfit 
for  navigation.  The  principal  are,  in  the  N.,  the  Aspro- 
potamo  (anc.  Achelous),  rising  in  Turkey,  an  affluent  of 
the  Ionian  Sea ;  the  Phidaris,  which  flows  S.  to  the  Gulf  of 
Patras ;  the  Hellada,  an  affluent  of  the  Gulf  of  Lamia;  and 
the  Cephissus,  which  flows  S.  to  the  Gulf  of  ^gina.  The 
chief  rivers  in  the  Morea  are  the  Gastouni  and  Rhouphia  on 
the  W.,  and  the  Pamisus  and  Iris  or  Eurotas  on  the  S.  The 
only  extensive  lake  is  Topolias  (anc.  Copaia),  in  Bceotia. 

The  climate  is  temperate  and  generally  healthy,  except 
oa  some  parts  of  the  coasts;  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
lakes  violent  storms  occur  in  spring  and  autumn.  Earth- 
qoakra  are  rare.  Winter  is  marked  by  rain  in  the  plains  and 
enow  in  the  mountains.  Caverns  and  mineral  and  gaseous 
springs  are  numerous.  Minerals  are  rich  and  varied,  but 
little  worked ;  the  very  finest  marble  and  other  building, 
materials  are  abundant;  salt,  extracted  chiefly  from  the 
lagoons  of  Missolonghi,  is  the  most  important  product.  Ar- 
gentiferous lead  is  still  procured  from  Laurium,  as  of  old. 
Vegetable  products  vary  according  to  the  elevation  of  the 
soil.  The  olive,  vine,  fig,  ourrant-grape,  melons,  rice,  cot- 
ton, the  orange,  citron,  and  pomegranate,  thrive  on  the 
coasts,  and  in  districU  situated  at  an  elevation  of  1600  feet, 
where  also  the  myrtle,  maatic,  and  plane-tree  flourish.  But 
agriculture  is  neglected,  only  one-seventh  of  the  area  being 
under  cultivation.  Above  6000  feet  in  elevation  the  moun- 
tains are  in  great  part  covered  with  pine  foresU.  The 
ppncipal  domestic  animals  are  sheep  and  goats ;  bees  aa-e 
still  reared;  wild  animals  are  numerous, and  game  is  abun- 


dant. Greece  has  few  manufactures,  properly  so  called; 
but  silks,  cottons,  woollens,  chemicals,  ironware,  pottery, 
leather,  and  beet  sugar  are  produced  for  domestic  use,  and 
to  some  extent  for  export.  Railways  connect  Athens  with 
the  Piraeus,  and  Ergasteria  with  the  Laurium  mines.  The 
principal  resource  of  the  inhabitants  has  always  been  in 
maritime  commerce.  The  principal  ports  are  Athens  (the 
Piraeus),  Patras,  Hydra,  Corfu,  Nauplia,  Syra,  Kalamata. 
and  Navarino.  The  exports  are  currants,  valonea,  cotton, 
wine,  cotton  yam,  oil,  tobacco,  figs,  sponge,  emery,  metals, 
ores,  Ac,  of  an  average  annual  value  of  about  $12,000,000  ; 
the  imports  have  in  recent  years  an  average  value  of  about 
$20,000,000.  The  public  debt  is  about  $80,000,000,  the  larger 
part  of  which  was  contracted  by  the  revolutionists  of  1824- 
25  and  has  not  been  recognized  as  a  national  debt  by  the 
Greek  government.  The  estimated  revenue  for  1893  was 
111,701,939  drachma!  ($21,558,474),  and  the  expenditures 
]  05,701,939  drachraai  ($20,400,474).  The  people  belong  to 
the  ancient  Greek  race  in  the  W.  of  the  continental  portion 
and  E.  of  Parnassus  ;  in  the  Morea  the  same  race  prevails, 
but  is  more  mixed.  Including  the  territory  annexed  in 
1881,  the  area  of  the  kingdom  is  25,111  square  miles. 


Komes. 


Northern  Greece : 

Attica  and  Boeotia 

Pliocis^nd  Phthiotis.... 

Acarnania  and  ^tolia.. 
Peloponnesus : 

Argolis  and  Corinth 

Achaia  and  £lis 

Arciidia 

Messenia. 

Laconia 

Islands : 

Euboea  and  Sporades.... 

Cycliides 

Corfu 

Zante 

Ce|)halonia 

Soldiers  and  seamen 

Thessaly  (1881): 

Arta , 

Tiikbala 

Larissa 

Natives  abroad. 


Total. 


Chief  Towns. 


Athens 

Lamia  (Zeiionn).. 
Missolonghi 


Nauplia 

Patras 

Tripolitza 

Kalamatii 

SparU 


Chalcia. 

Hermopolis  (Syra)., 

Corfu 

Zante , 

Argostoli 


Arta 

Trikhala.. 
Larissa.... 


Pop.  1889. 


257,764 
136,470 
162,020 

144,836 
210,713 
148,286 
18;i,2:J2 

126,088 

ia3,442 
131,508 
114,535 
44,070 
80,178 
32,181 

32,890 
143,143 
168,034 
138,350 


2,219,389 


Greece  was  erected  into  a  kingdom  under  Otho,  second 
son  of  the  King  of  Bavaria,  in  1835.  He  abdicated,  in 
consequence  of  a  revolution,  October  24,  1862,  and  Prince 
George  of  Denmark  was  proclaimed  King  of  the  Hellenes, 
October  30,  1863.  The  constitution  of  the  kingdom  was 
introduced  after  the  revolution  of  October,  1862,  elaborated 
by  a  Constituent  Assembly,  and  adopted  October  29,  1864. 
The  executive  is  divided  into  seven  departments, — ^namely, 
the  ministries  of  the  interior,  finance,  justice,  public  wor- 
ship, war,  foreign  affairs,  and  marine.  There  is  universal 
toleration  for  all  creed.s,  but  the  Greek  church  is  the  estab- 
lished religion,  to  which  nine-tenths  of  the  people  belong, 
and  which  acknowledges  the  king  as  its  temporal  head. 
The  chief  educational  establishments  are  the  university  at 
Athens,  with  about  1250  students;  five  gymnasia,  at  Athens, 
Syra,  Nauplia,  Patras,  and  Hydra ;  and  normal,  polytechnic, 
military,  and  naval  schools.  There  is  an  eflfective  and  well- 
sustained  system  of  public  instruction. 

The  early  history  of  Greece  is  too  important  to  be  briefly 
summarized.  From  the  remotest  historic  times  it  was  the 
scene  of  events  of  the  greatest  significance  and  interest, — 
events  which  made  it  the  cradle  of  European  civilization. 
But  after  the  Roman  conquest  the  nobler  elements  of  the 
Greek  character  were  less  conspicuous,  and  were  gradually 
lost.  The  Byzantine  civilization  was  essentially  Greek, 
though  nominally  Roman ;  but  with  the  fall  of  Byzantine 
power  the  Greek  nationality  entered  upon  a  long  period  of 
lethargy,  and  the  people  were  afterwards  handed  over  from 
master  to  master  without  even  the  semblance  of  a  struggle. 
The  crowning  disaster  commenced  A.D.  1438,  when  the 
Turks  first  obtained  a  footing.  A  long  series  of  extermi- 
nating wars  ensued,  during  which  the  Venetians  and  Turks 
contended  for  the  mastery.  The  latter  ultimately  prevailed- 
A  period  of  the  grossest  misrule  and  oppression  followed; 
but  in  1821,  when  degradation  seemed  to  have  reached  its 
lowest  possible  limit,  a  strong  reaction  commenced,  a  new 
spirit  began  to  appear,  and  the  Greeks,  ae  if  throwing  off 
their  lethargy,  declared  their  determination  to  be  free.  A 
protracted  struggle  took  place,  but  the  issue  was  still  doubt- 
ful, when  foreign   powers  interfered,  and  compelled  the 


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Turks,  in  1829,  to  acknowledge  Greece  as  an  independent 
state.  England,  France,  and  Russia  are  the  protecting 
Dowers  of  Greece,  and  jointly  guarantee  her  independ- 
ence. The  Greek  race  is  the  dominant  one  in  Crete,  San:us, 
and  the  other  Turkish  islands,  and  Greeks  are  found  in 

largo  numbers  in  almost  every  part  of  the  Levant. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Greek  and  Grecian,  gree'shan  (Fr.  Grec,  or 
Grecque,  grSkj  It.  Greco,  gri'ko;  Sp.  Griego,  gre-i'go; 
Ger.  Grieche,  gree'K^h). 

Greece )  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greece 
township,  5  or  6  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  E.  by 
the  Genesee  River.  Total  pop.  4860.  It  contains  a  larger 
village,  named  Charlotte.  Greece  Station  on  the  Ontario 
Lake  Shore  Railroad  is  7  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 

Greece  City,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  near 
the  railroad  between  Butler  and  Karns  City,  about  8  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Butler.     It  has  a  bank  and  many  oil-wells. 

Greeding,  gri'ding,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  31  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1070. 

Greejee,  a  town  of  Dahomey.    See  Gregapojee. 

Gree'ley,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  almost  destitute  of  timber. 
Sandstone  is  found  in  the  N.  portion,  and  magncsian  lime- 
stone in  the  N.W.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Tribune.  Pop.  in  1880,3;  in  1890, 
1264. 

Greeley,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Loup  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  prairie  ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.     Capital,  Greeley.     Pop.  in  1890,  4869. 

Greeley,  a  post-town  of  Weld  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Cache 
la  Poudre  River,  and  on  the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad,  52 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Denver,  and  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cheyenne. 
It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  and  has  a  delightful  cli- 
mate. It  has  8  churches,  graded  schools,  3  banks,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Four  newspapers  are 
published  here.  It  has  a  school-building  which  cost 
$35,000,  also  an  irrigating-canal  36  miles  long.     Pop.  2395. 

Greeley,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  145. 

Greeley,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  in  Elk 
township,  on  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Fayette,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  about  390. 

Greeley,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  77. 

Greeley,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Walker  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Garnett,  and  about  44 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  4  churches,  graded 
schools,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  514. 

Greeley,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
318.     Post-offices,  Mount  Hope  and  Fayette. 

Gree'leyville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on 
Pritchett  <fc  Co.'s  Railroad,  14  miles  from  Kingstree.  It 
has  a  turpentine-distillery  and  2  stores. 

Green,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  275  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Green  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Russell's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  calcarcus  and 
fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone  of  good  quality  un- 
derlies this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Greensburg.  Pop.  in  1870 
9379;  in  1880,  11,871;  in  1890,  11,463. 

Green,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pecatonica  and  Sugar  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  prairies,  woodlands,  and  hills  of  moderate 
height,  which  are  fertile,  and  cultivated  even  on  their  sum- 
mits. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of 
the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  by  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,611 :  in  1880, 
21,729;  in  1890,  22,732. 

Green,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  111.  Pop.  1328.  It 
contains  Viola. 

Green,  a  township  of  Woodford  co.,  111.     Pop.  933. 

Green,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1115. 
Post-otBces,  Point  Isabel  and  Slash. 

Green,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1117. 
It  contains  Eden. 

Green,  Jay  co.,  Ind.     See  Greene. 

Green,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  964.  It 
contains  Alfonte. 


Green,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1097. 

Green,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1346. 

Green,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1106.  li 
contains  Green  Centre  and  Merriam. 

Green,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph's  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  Kankakee  River.     Pop,  964. 

Green,  a  township  of  Wayne  co,,  Ind,  Pop,  1293.  It 
contains  Williamsburg, 

Green,  a  township  of  Iowa  co,,  Iowa.    Pop,  920. 

Green,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1216. 

Green,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  886.  It 
contains  Paris.  ' 

Green,  a  township  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1217. 

Green,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.     Pop,  1434, 

Green,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.  Pop,  903. 
It  contains  Utica. 

Green,  a  township  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1613. 

Green,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1074. 

Green,  a  township  of  Worth  co..  Mo,  Pop,  703.  It 
contains  Oxford. 

Green,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1119. 

Green,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop,  1833.     It  contains  Rockville  and  Rome. 

Green,  a  township  of  Ashland  co,,  0.  Pop.  1818.  It 
contains  Perrysville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Brown  co,,  0.  Pop.  1490.  It 
contains  Benton,  Greenbush,  and  Mount  Orab. 

Green,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2492.  It 
contains  New  Antioch  and  New  Vienna, 

Green,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  4356.  It 
contains  Cheviot,  Bridgetown,  and  some  of  the  northwest- 
ern suburbs  of  Cincinnati. 

Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Green,  or  Green'ford,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0,, 
in  Green  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Canfield.  It  has  several 
churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Greenford.  Pop. 
146 ;  of  the  township,  1733. 

Green,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1282.  It 
contains  New  Castle. 

Green,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0,  Pop.  1898,  It  con- 
tains Kingston, 

Green,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0,,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop,  1882,  It  contains  Franklin  Furnace,  Haverhill,  and 
several  seats  of  the  iron-manufacture. 

Green,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0,  Pop.  1254.  It 
contains  Palestine  and  Plattsville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0,  Pop,  1740.  It 
contains  Greensburg,  or  Inland,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 

Green,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  2716.  It 
contains  a  part  of  Orrville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Erie  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  1395. 

Green,  a  township  of  Forest  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  226. 

Green,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  739.  It 
affords  coal  and  some  petroleum. 

Green,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2160.  It 
contains  Taylorsville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  line. 
Pop.  832,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Jamestown, 

Green,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.  It  has  a  oharoh 
and  extensive  lumber-works.     Pop.  919, 

Green'back,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co,,  Ark, 

Greenback,  a  station  on  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin 
Railroad,  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  E.  of  Sha- 
mokin.    Much  coal  is  here  mined. 

Green'backville,  a  post-village  of  Accomack  oo.,  Va., 
on  Chincoteague  Bay,  i  mile  from  Franklin  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill,  Md.  It  has  a 
church,  a  sail-factory,  Ac.     Oysters  abound  here. 

Green'bank,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Wilmington  A  Western  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Wilmington, 

Green  Bank,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co,,  N.J., 
on  Mullica  or  Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  7  miles  from  Egg 
Harbor  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  60  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co,,  W. 
Va,,  about  105  miles  E,  of  Charleston. 

Green'bank,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  S.  of  Wick.     Pop.  100. 

Green  Bay,  a  part  of  Lake  Michigan,  communicate* 
with  the  northern  end  of  that  lake,  and  extends  southwest- 
ward  into  Wisconsin.  It  is  about  90  or  100  miles  long,  and 
from  10  to  20  miles  wide,  having  a  mean  depth  of  600  feet. 
The  Fox  River  enters  this  bay  at  the  S.W.  extremity.  The 
surface  is  578  feet  higher  than  the  sea. 


GBE 


1312 


GRE 


Green  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Oreon  Bay  township,  about  52  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des 
Moines.     Pop.  of  the  township,  630. 

Green  Bay,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
■issippi  River.     Pop.  631.     It  contains  Wever, 

Green  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  3  stores. 

Green  Bay,  a  city,  capital  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  head  or  S.W.  extremity  of  Green  Bay,  and  on 
the  right  bank  of  Fox  River,  at  its  mouth,  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  113  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  It  is  on 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Milwaukee  A 
Northern  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Green  Bay 
A  Minnesota  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Winona,  215  miles 
distant.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and  great  facilities  for  trade 
and  navigation.  Three  bridges  across  Fox  River  connect 
this  city  with  the  city  of  Fort  Howard.  Green  Bay  con- 
tains 13  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  2  national 
banks,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  convent,  and  many  elegant 
residences.  A  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 
Large  quantities  of  lumber  are  procured  in  Brown  co.  and 
exported  from  this  city,  which  has  iron-works  and  several 
saw-mills  and  factories.  Pop.  in  1860,  2275;  in  1870, 
4666;  in  1880,  7464;  in  1890,  9069. 
Green  Bay  Junction,  Wisconsin.  See  Merrillan. 
Green  Bot'tom,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Huntington. 

Green'briet,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Greenbrier  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Meadow 
Biver.  The  Alleghany  Mountains  extend  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified 
with  picturesque  scenery  of  mountains  and  fertile  valleys. 
It  has  extensive  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
The  White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  fashionable  watering-place, 
are  situated  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected  in  its 
southern  part  by  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capi- 
ital,  Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,417;  in  1880,  15,060; 
in  1890,  18,034. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-village  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Conway.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill, 
3  stores,  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Orange  co.,  Ind. 
Greenbrier,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  208. 
Green   Bri'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  28  miles   S.  of   Bamesville.     It  has   a 
church. 

Green'brler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sunbury. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Nash- 
ville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  large  distillery. 

Greenbrier  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier 
00.,  W.  Va.,  on  Greenbrier  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  at  Caldwell  Station,  5i  miles  W.  of  White 
Sulphur  Springs. 

GreenJbrier  Mountain,  a  long  ridge,  about  2000  feet 
high,  extending  through  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  5 
miles  W.  of  the  Greenbrier  River.  Its  direction  is  nearly 
N.E.  and  S.W. 

Greenbrier  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Pocahontas 
CO.  It  intersects  that  county,  runs  southwestward  through 
Greenbrier  co.,  and  enters  the  Great  Kanawha  River  in 
Summers  co.,  near  Hinton.     It  is  nearly  175  miles  long. 

Green  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  at  Rider's  Mill  Station,  9 
miles  S.  of  Lebanon  Springs. 

Green'burg,  a  populous  township  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  contains 
Tillages  named  Dobbs  Ferry,  Hastings  upon  Hudson,  Ir- 
Tington,  and  Tarrytown,  and  part  of  the  village  of  White 
Plains.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8934;  in  1890,  11,613. 

Green'burr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
8.  of  Booneville. 

Green'bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  about 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Dalton.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Greenbnsh,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo..  111.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Avon  Station,  and  about  50  miles  W,  of  Peoria. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 


Greenbush,  a  village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  th« 
North  River,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.  Pop.  129. 
Greenbush,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 
Greenbush,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  oo..  Me.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Penobscot  River.  It  contains 
Greenbush  Station  on  the  European  A  North  American 
Railroad,  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  621. 

Greenbush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  oo.,  Mass., 
near  the  sea-shore,  and  on  the  South  Shore  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  East  Marshfield. 

Greenbush,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenbush  township, 
Alcona  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  S.  of  Harrisville.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 97. 

Greenbush,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.    P.  1473. 

Greenbush,  a  township  of  Mille  La<»  co.,  Minn.  P.  375. 

Greenbush,  also  called  East  Albany,  a  village  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenbush  township,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Albany,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  railroad  bridge.  It  is  the  W.  terminas 
of  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad  and  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Troy  A  Greenbush  Railroad,  and  contains  the  depot, 
machine-shops,  and  freight-houses  of  the  first-named  road. 
It  has  also  6  churches,  a  convent,  5  newspaper  offices,  2 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  cigar-factory,  and  analine-  and 
color-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  7.S01. 

Greenbush,  a  hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Green  town- 
ship, 3i  miles  N.  of  Mount  Grab.     Pop.  42. 

Greenbush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Gratis 
township,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.    It  ha«  a  church.  P.  53. 

Greenbush,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Greenbush  township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lao, 
and  1  mile  S.  of  the  Sheboygan  A  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. The  township  contains  a  village  named  Glenbeulah, 
and  a  pop.  of  1973. 

Green  Camp,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
Camp  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Marion,  and  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  999. 

Green-Castle,  green-kas's^l,  a  fort,  harbor,  and  fish- 
ing station  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  th« 
W.  entrance  of  Lough  Foyle,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Moville. 

Green- Castle,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Carlingford  Bay,  near  Cranfield  Point. 

Green'castle,  a  village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  24  miles 
E.  of  Alton,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Worden,  and  1  mile  from  Al- 
hambra.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  120. 

Greencastle,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
in  Greencastle  township,  near  the  Eel  River,  and  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  and  Terre  Haute  A  India- 
napolis Railroads,  38  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis,  and 
34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  is  the  seat  of  De 
Pauw  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1835  and  has  about  1000  students.  Greencastle  has 
10  churches,  2  national  banks,  and  manufactures  of  pumps, 
lightning-rods,  ploughs,  spokes,  lumber,  Ac.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  4390;  of 
the  township,  6137. 

Greencastle,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Poweshiek  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Colfax  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Greencastle,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa.     Pop.  1437. 

Greencastle,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Big  Barren  River,  8  miles  below  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Greencastle,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Milan.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  267. 

Greencastle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  3^  miles  W.  of  Carroll,  and  20  miles  S.B. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.     P.  59. 

Greencastle,  apost-borough  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Conococheague  Creek,  and  on  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chambersburg, 
and  11  miles  N.  of  Hagerstown,  Md.  It  contains  S  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  grain-drills  and  church-organs.    Pop.  1525. 

Greencastle  Junction  (Limedale  Post-Office),  a  vil- 
lage of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Terre  Haute  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Greencastle.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  large  limestone-quarries,  and  lime-kilns. 


ORE 


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GRE 


Green  Centre ,  Noble  co.,  Ind.    See  Oreeme  Centre. 

Green  City,  Colorado.    See  Corona. 

Green  City,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  by  rail  £.  by  N.  of  Milan.  It  bas  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  college,  a  newspaper  office,  &c.     Pop.  318. 

Green  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Green  Cove  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  9  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools, 
car-shops,  a  brick-yard,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1106. 

Green  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Seneca  co.,  runs  north- 
ward through  Sandusky  co.,  and  enters  the  Sandusky  River 
about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Green  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
2  miles  from  Rio  Grande  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Creek,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.  Pop. 
3666.     It  contains  Clyde. 

Green'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  111.,  on  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Salem. 
It  has  a  basket-factory. 

Greendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Eittanning. 

Green  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Abingdon.    It  has  a  church  and  flouring-mills. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama.  Area, 
544  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Black 
Warrior  River,  and  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Tombigbee. 
The  former  river  enters  the  latter  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Nei^  Orleans  division  of 
the  Queen  <k  Crescent  system.  Capital,  Eutaw.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,399;  in  1880,  21,931;  in  1890,  22,007. 

Greene,  a  northeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri.  Area,  591  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  and  S.E.  by  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Cache  River.  The  surface  is  low  and  nearly  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  pine,  &e. 
Indian  corn  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  and 
the  Paragould  and  Buffalo  Railway.  Capital,  Paragould. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7573;  in  1880,  7480;  in  1890,  12,908. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia. 
Area,  361  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Oconee 
River,  which  also  forms  the  S.W.  boundary,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Appalachee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 
Railroad,  which  passes  through  Greensborough,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,454;  in  1880,  17,547;  in  1890,  17.051. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  544  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  intersected  by  Apple  and  Ma- 
coupin Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly 
hilly.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Here  are  forests  of  hickory, 
oak,  ash,  elm,  maple,  linden,  and  black  walnut.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  valuable  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  Burlington  lime- 
stone, an  excellent  material  for  building,  crops  out  on  the 
bluffs  of  the  Illinois  River.  Greene  co.  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  ijb  Alton  Railroad  and  the  Jacksonville  & 
Southeastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Carrollton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,277;  in  1880,  23,010;  in  1890,  23,791. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  Beech  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  dense  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  maple, 
beech,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Beds  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  bj-  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  system,  and  by  the  Evansville  <fc 
Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Bloomfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,514;  in  1880,  22,996;  in  1890,  24,379. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rac- 
coon (or  Coon)  River.  Tb^  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
the  Des  Moines  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  the  first  two  mentioned 
passing  through  Jefferson,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870,  4627  ; 
in  1880,  12,727  i  in  1890, 16,797. 


Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  820  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Chickasawha  and  Leaf  Rivers,  which 
unite  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county  and  form  the  Pas- 
oogoula  River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  small  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  Indian 
corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Leakes- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  2038;  in  1880,  3194;  in  1890,  3906. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  688  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
James  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Sac  River,  which 
rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Pomme  de  Terre  and  Little  Sac  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fjertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
The  rock  which  lies  next  to  the  surface  is  Silurian  lime- 
stone. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  A  San 
Francisco  Railroad  and  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A 
Memphis  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Springfield, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,549;  in  1880, 
28,801;  in  1890,  48,616. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  bas 
an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  is  intersected  by  Catskill  Creek, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Schoharie  Creek,  which  rises  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  rugged  and  diversified  with  grand 
and  picturesque  scenery  of  the  Catskill  Mountains,  which 
present  broad  and  rocky  summits,  deep  ravines,  steep  de- 
clivities, and  precipices  of  great  height.  A  large  part  of 
the  surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  elm, 
sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Several  varieties  of  Silurian  and 
Devonian  rocks  crop  out  in  this  county ;  among  them  is 
the  old  red  sandstone.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  West 
Shore  Railroad,  the  Kaaterskill  Railroad,  and  the  Stony 
Clove  A  Catskill  Mountain  Railroad,  the  first  mentioned 
communicating  with  Catskill,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
31,832;  in  1880,  32,695;  in  1890,  31,598. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  310  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Contentnea  Creek,  a  confluent  of  the  Neuse  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Nahunta  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  About  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Snow  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870,  8687  j 
in  1880,  10,037;  in  1890,  10,039. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  416  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Miami  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mad  River,  which  touches 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county,  and  by  Caesar's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ao. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  stivple-products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  A  Ironton  Railroad  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Xenia, 
the  capital.  The  Erie  Railroad  crosses  its  N.W.  part. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,038;  in  1880,  31,349  ;  in  1890,  29,820. 

Greene,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, bordering  on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about 
640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Monon- 
gahela  River,  and  also  drained  by  Wheeling  and  Ten  Mile 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  deep  ravines. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  wool,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable 
beds  of  bituminous  coal,  limestone,  and  sandstone.  Capi- 
tal, Waynesburg.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Waynesburg  A 
Washington  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,887;  in  1880, 
28,273  ;  in  1890,  28,935. 

Greene,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Nolachucky  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Lick  Creek,  both  of  which  enter  the  French  Broad  River 
on  the  W.  border.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and 
covered  with  extensive  forests.  The  soil  of  tho  valleys  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of  iron,  which 
have  been  profitably  worked,  also  beds  of  Silurian  lime- 
stone. It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Greeneville,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 21,668 ;  in  1880,  24,005 ; 
in  1890,  26,614. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Rapidao,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.    Th* 


ORE 


1314 


GKE 


surface  presents  high  ridges  and  fertile  valleys.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staples.  It  is  watered  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Ravenna  River.  Capital,  Stanardsville. 
Pop.  in  1870,4634;  in  1880,  5830;  in  1890,  5622. 

GreenO)  a  post-hamlet  in  Green  township,  Jay  co., 
Ind.,  7  miles  W.  of  Portland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1714. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  Pop.  1126. 
It  contains  Parkville. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1070. 
It  contains  Fairview  and  Emmettsville. 

Greene,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  on  Shell 
Book  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  North- 
ern Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  2  academies,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a 
sash-  and  door-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  845. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Ean.     P.  300. 

Greene,  a  post-township  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Androscoggin  River.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  grist- 
mill. Pop,  885,  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Greene,  on 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Greene,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
of  Saginaw  City.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Platte  co..  Mo,  Pop.  2246.  It 
contains  Camden  Point  and  New  Market. 

Greene,  a  post-village  in  Greene  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.T.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  bank,  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  furnace,  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  1067 ;  of  the  township,  3164. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  868.  It 
contains  Huntsville,  Tranquillity,  Greenville,  Ac. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1464. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.     Pop.  879. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Gallia  co,,  0.  Pop.  1577.  Post- 
office,  Northup, 

Greene,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo,,  0.  Pop.  1547.  It 
contains  Hopedale. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0,  Pop.  1513.  It 
contains  Haydenville,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co,,  0.  Pop.  915.  It 
contains  Greensburg. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.  Pop.  1836.  It  contains  Georgetown  and  Hooks- 
town.     It  affords  coal,  and  has  produced  some  petroleum. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1102. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3357. 
It  contains  Green  Village,  Scotland,  &o. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Greene  co,.  Pa,    See  Green. 

Greene,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  tannery,  a  saw -mill,  and  2  stores. 

Greene,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I,,  on  the  Hart- 
ford, Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  24  miles  W,S,W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  115. 

Greene  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Greene  township,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  carriage-factory, 

Greene  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co,. 
Me.,  2  miles  from  Greene  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Elm,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co,,  Kansas. 

Greene's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa. 

Greene  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Qreensborough.     Here  is  a  boarding-school. 

Greeneville,or  Greenville,  green'vll,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Eaat  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia A  Georgia  Railroad,  74  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Knoxville, 
and  56  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Greene- 
ville  and  Tusculum  College  (organized  in  1868),  and  has 
5  churches  and  an  academy.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1039. 

Green'Seld,  a  post-office  of  Clay  eo.,  South  Dakota,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Vermilion. 

Greenfield,  a  post-office  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  56  miles  N. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bunk,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1131. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.  Pop.  2010, 
It  contains  Gardner,  and  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  National  Road  and  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A  In- 
diana Central  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis,  and 
»bout  20  miles  N.  of  Shelby vi lie.     It  contains  a  court- 


house, 2  banks,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  3  planing-mills,  2  saw- 
mills, a  furniture-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  18t(0,  3100. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  La  Grange  oo.,  Ind.,  on  th« 
Michigan  line.     Pop.  1078. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1439. 
It  contains  Green  Brier  and  Young's  Creek. 

Greenfield,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of 
Adair  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Creston.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  furniture-factory,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1048. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  236. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1091. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop 
1399.     It  contains  Greenbush. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  about 
33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winfield,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Elk  Falls. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  686. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  317. 

Greenfield,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Mass.,  in  Greenfield  township,  near  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  2  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Deerfield  River,  106  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Boston,  and  36 
miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  is  on  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  30  miles 
E.  of  the  Hoosao  Tunnel.  It  contains  a  court-house,  7 
churches,  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  high  school, 
2  public  libraries,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  a  favorite 
summer  resort.  The  townsliip,  which  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  has  manufactures  of  cutlery,  tools,  boots  and 
shoes,  machinery,  Ac.  About  550  men  are  employed  neai 
the  village  in  tbe  manufacture  of  fine  table-cutlery.  A 
part  of  the  village  is  in  Deerfield  township.  Pop.  of 
Greenfield  township  in  1890,  5252. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  A  Lake  Michigan  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  2465. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  671.     It  contains  Kellogg. 

Greenfield,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Sac  River  or  its  West  Fork,  about 
38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
a  seminary,  and  a  plough-factory.  Three  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  998. 

Greenfield,  a  village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada,  in 
Mason  Valley,  near  Walker  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Carson  City.     Here  is  Mason  Valley  Post-Offioe. 

Greenfield,  apost-villageand  township  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  26  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  607. 

Greenfield,  or  Greenfield  Centre,  a  post-village 
of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenfield  township,  1  mile  from 
Greenfield  Station  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Greenfield  Centre.  The  township  has  6 
churches.  2  paper-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  2692. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wa- 
warsing  township,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rondout.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  971. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Fairfield  CO.,  0.  P.  1926.  It 
contains  Carroll,  Havensport,  Gesselville,  and  Dumontville. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop.  1371 
It  contains  Gallia  Furnace. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  on  Paint  Creek,  on  the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad 
and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  74  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  24  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  union  school,  a  town  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
carriage-factories,  2  flouriug-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2460. 

Greenfield,  a  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church, 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0,  Pop,  954.  It 
contains  Steuben, 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Blair  oo,.  Pa.     Pop.  1238. 

Greenfield,  a  post-hainlet  in  Greenfield  township, 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  14  miles  E.  of  Brie.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  saw-miU.     Pop.  of  township,  1039. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.    P.  823. 

Greenfield,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa,,  5  miles  N,E. 
of  West  Middlesex,  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Worth 
Post-Office. 

Greenfield,  a  buroagh  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  9  milee  above  Monon- 


GRE 


1315 


GRE 


gahela  City,  and  about  30  milos  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  hag  2 
churches.  Coal-mining  is  the  principal  business  of  this 
place.    Pop.  557.    The  name  of  its  post-oflBce  is  Pike  Ran. 

Greenneld,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  a  box- 
factory,  Ac'   Pop.  801. 

Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  about 
22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  store. 

Greenfield ,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.     Pop.  806. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  2646. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.  Pop.  715. 
It  contains  Tunnel  City.  Greenfield  Station  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  (La  Crosse  line)  is  4  miles 
W.  of  Tomah,  and  39  miles  B.N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Greenfield  j  a  township  of  Sauk  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bara- 
boo  River.     Pop.  766. 

Greenfield  Centre,  New  York.    See  Greenpteld. 

Greenfield  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
in  Fairfield  township,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
has  a  church. 

Greenfield  Mills,  a  post-ofSce  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind. 

Greenfield  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo., 
Md.,  4  miles  S.  of  Adamstown  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  on  Monocacy  River. 

Greenford,  Mahoning  co.,  0.     See  Green. 

Green  For'est,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  75 
miles  S.  of  Springfield,  Mo. 

Green  Forest,  a  post-oflSce  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va. 

Green  Gar'den,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Will  co.,  111.,  in  Green 
Garden  township,  about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1202. 

Green  Garden,  a  post-ofiice  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Huntsville. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
10  miles  N.  of  Scranton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  6  miles 
from  Colby.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Green  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky.,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Livingston.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Har'bor,  a  large  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfound- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  Trinity  Bay,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Heart's  Content.   Ship-building  is  here  engaged  in.    P.  210. 

Green  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Beekman  township,  about  65  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York. 

Green'head,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Northumber- 
land, 3i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Haltwhistle. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  d^I,' Ala.,  17 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Florence.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga. 

Green  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Medina  township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Lafayette.  It 
contains  the  Green  Hill  Seminary  and  2  churches. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Wicomico  River,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Salisbury.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Asheville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
tobacco-factory.     Pop.  1186. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
West  township,  near  the  Cleveland  <k  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  East  Rochester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Titus  co.,  Tex.,  about  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Jefi"erson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Staunton  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton  River  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  E.  side  of  West  River,  7  miles  from  Pictou.     P.  200. 

Green'hithe,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
Thames,  3  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Dartford.     Pop.  1452. 

Greenholm,  green'hom,  one  of  the  Shetland  Isles,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lerwick. 

Greenholm,  two  islets  of  the  Orkneys,  li  miles  S.W. 
of  Eday.     They  are  uninhabited.  * 

Green  Horn,  a  post-village  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Greenhorn  River,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pueblo,  and  5  miles 
from  the  Greenhorn  Mountain.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green'horn  River,  Colorado,  rises  near  the  E.  base 


of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  runs  northeastward,  and  entan 
the  Arkansas  River  in  Pueblo  co.,  about  8  miles  below  th« 
town  of  Pueblo. 

Greenhorn  Station,  in  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  is  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  South 
Pueblo. 

GreeU'Island,  in  Alaska,  is  at  the  entrance  of  Prinoe 
William  Sound. 

Green-Island,  an  island  and  a  village  in  Jamaica, 
on  its  W.  coast,  on  Green-Island  Harbor,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Lucea.     Pop.  616. 

Green  Island,  one  of  the  Philippines.  Lat.  12°  3' 
N. ;  Ion.  119°  49'  E. 

Green  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  China  Sea,  lat. 
43°  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  E.,  about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  Tam- 
belan  Islands. 

Green  Island,  an  island  of  Australia,  on  the  N.B. 
coast  of  Trinity  Bay.     Lat.  16°  46'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  66'  E. 

Green  Island,  Quebec.    See  Isle  Vebte. 

Green  Island,  in  Hudson  Strait,  British  North  Amer> 
ica,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Chudleigh. 

Green  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Maquoketa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  & 
Dubuque  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Clinton.  It  has  a 
church. 

Green  Island,  Cedar  oo..  Neb.     See  Strahmbtjrg. 

Green  Island,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
on  an  island  in  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Troy,  and  6 
miles  above  Albany.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  stove- 
factories,  a  car-factory,  2  iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  and 
a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds,  and  has  an  extensive  trade 
in  lumber  and  marble.  Here  are  some  iron-works  and 
shops  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company.  Pop.  5000. 
Green  Island  Station  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Rail- 
road is  1  mile  from  Troy. 

Green  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  China,  called  by  the  Chinese  Tsang-Chow. 
Lat.  22°  22'  N. ;   Ion.  114°  40'  E. 

Green  Isle,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  oo.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Glencoe.     Pop.  705. 

Green  Kay,  one  of  the  Bahamas.     See  Cato  Verde. 

Green  Lake,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Wiscon- 
sin, has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Fox  or  Neenah  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Grand  and  White  Rivers.  Among  its  remarkable  features 
are  Pacawa  and  Green  Lakes,  each  of  which  is  8  or  9  miles 
long.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  A  branch 
of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  terminates  in  this 
county.  The  county  is  also  partly  traversed  by  a  branch 
of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  also  terminating 
here.  Capital,  Dartford.  Pop.  in  1870,  1.3,195;  in  1880, 
14,483;  in  1890,  15,163. 

Green  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Green  Lake  oo.,  and  is 
8  miles  long  by  2  miles  wide.  Dartford,  the  county  seat, 
is  on  this  lake,  the  water  of  which  is  deep  and  pure. 

Green  Lake,  of  British  Columbia,  situated  between 
Alexandria  and  Thompson's  River,  is  about  30  miles  in 
length.  This  lake  is  strongly  salt,  its  color  being  a  fine 
sea-green.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Green  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn., 
in  New  London  township,  on  the  W.  side  of  Green  Lake. 
It  has  a  grist-  and  saw-mill,  stores,  Ac,  and  is  9  miles  N. 
of  Kandiyohi  Station.     Pop.  of  Green  Lake  township,  351. 

Green  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Green  Lake  co.,  Wis., 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  a  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1600. 

Green  Lake,  a  village  and  place  of  summer  resort  on 
the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  1  mile  from  the 
village  of  Dartford,  Wis. 

Green  Lake  Settlement,  Ontario.    See  RANoy. 

Green'land  (Dan.  Oroenland,  or  Gr'dnland,  gron*- 
lind),  an  extensive  region  or  island  on  the  N.E.  of  North 
America,  belonging  to  Denmark,  and  stretching  from  Cape 
Farewell,  its  S.  extremity,  in  lat.  59°  49'  N.,  northward  to 
about  80°  15'  N.,  and  extending  between  Ion.  20°  and  75° 
W.,  having  W.  Baffin's  Bay  and  Davis*  Strait,  N.  Peabody 
Bay  and  the  Arctic  Ocean,  and  E.  and  S.  the  Atlantic. 
The  surface  is  generally  high,  rocky,  and  barren  ;  the  ele- 
vated portions  are  covered  with  eternal  snow  and  glaciers, 
extending,  in  many  parts,  to  the  sea-shores.  Small  quan- 
tities of  corn,  potatoes,  and  kitchen-herbs  are  raised  in  the 
S. ;  and  some  edible  berries,  with  scattered  birch,  alder, 
and  willow  trees,  grasses,  and  lichens,  grow  wild.  July  is 
the  only  month  in  which  there  is  no  snow.  Extreme 
summer  temperature,  59°  Fahr.,  winter,  40°  below  zero,  an* 


ORE 


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in  the  N.  the  mercury  falls  from  60°  to  75"  below  zero ; 
mean  annual  temperature  of  North  Greenland,  6°  2'  Fahr., 
the  lowest  ever  recorded.  The  native  Esquimaux  are  of 
•hort,  squat  stature  and  dark  skin,  and  are  employed 
chiefly  in  fishing  and  seal-hunting.  Many  of  them  have 
been  converted  to  Christianity  by  the  labors  of  missionaries. 
The  region  was  first  discovered  by  a  Norwegian  in  981,  and 
soon  after  was  colonized  from  Iceland.  Davis  rediscovered 
Greenland  in  1587,  but  the  old  Norse  colonists  had  all  per- 
ished, and  only  a  few  traces  of  their  towns  remain.  In  1854 
the  United  States  expedition  under  Dr.  Kane  traced  the  W. 
coast  of  Greenland  to  its  northern  face,  which  they  followed 
towards  the  Atlantic  till  their  progress  was  arrested  by  an 
immense  glacier,  issuing  in  60°  W.  Ion.  and  oflFering  an 
impassable  barrier  to  future  explorations.  This  stupendous 
glacier  rises  300  feet  in  perpendicular  face,  and  is  supposed 
to  be  the  only  obstacle  to  the  insularity  of  Greenland.  The 
country  is  divided  into  N.  and  S.  inspectorates,  separated 
by  the  Longfiord,  about  lat.  70°  N.  Greenland  has  a  num- 
ber of  European  settlements  and  missionary  stations,  mostly 
on  the  W.  coast.  Principal  villages,  Frederickshaab,  Julians- 
haab,  Upernavik,  and  Godthaab.  The  chief  trade  is  with 
Denmark.  Principal  exports,  oil  of  seals  and  whales,  fox-, 
seal-,  and  reindeer-skins,  eider-down,  feathers,  and  cryolite. 
Ck)od  lignite  occurs,  also  lead  and  copper.     P.  (1884)  9780. 

Green'land,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  oo..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  A  Kio  Grande  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  of  Denver.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Greenland,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  in  London 
township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Yandalia,  and  2  miles  W. 
of  Beecher  City. 

Greenland,  a  post-village  of  Ontonagon  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Greenland  township,  35  miles  W.  of  L'Anse.  It  has  2 
churches.  Copper  is  mined  here.   Pop.  of  the  township,  589. 

Greenland,  a  post-village  in  Greenland  township, 
Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.W.  of  Portsmouth.  (See  Greenland  Depot.) 
The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  695. 

Greenland,  a  post-hamlet  of  IU>s8  oo.,  0.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Greenland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  5  or 

6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Greenland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Ellenton  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Greenland,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Greenland  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ports- 
mouth. 

Green  Lane,  a  station  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  the  terminus  in  Philadelphia. 

Green  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  43  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  national  bank. 

Green'Iaw,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Berwick,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed.  It  has  a 
shire  hall  and  a  prison.     Pop.  883. 

Green  Lawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Huntington  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about 
38  miles  E.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Green'law's  Wharf,  post-office,  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Green'leaf,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas, 

7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Washington,  and  13  miles  W.  of 
Waterville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
B  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  916. 

Greenleaf,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  376. 

Greenleaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Sreenleaf  township,  about  65  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis,  and 
11  miles  S.  of  Litchfield.     Pop.  54;  of  township,  408. 

Greenleaf,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo. 

Greenleaf,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Wrightstown  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  staves,  and  lime. 

Green'leafton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  oo.,  Minn., 
in  York  township.    It  has  2  churches. 

Greenlee's,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 

Green  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Wake  oo.,  N.C. 

Greenlick  Jnnction,  Pa.    See  West  Overton. 

Green  Alonnt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark., 
about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.    It  has  2  churches. 

Green  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Green  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo..  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Gettysburg. 

Green  Mount,  a  post-hamlet,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  4 
lailes  N.  of  Harrisonburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


Green  Moun'tain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  nmt  th« 
N.  extremity  of  Schuylkill  co. 

Green  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Iowa. 

Green  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Green  Mountains,  a  range  of  mountains  extending 
through  Vermont  from  Canada  to  Massachusetts.  They 
are  composed  of  metamorphic  slate,  gneiss,  limestone,  and 
other  palsaozoic  rocks.  Mount  Mansfield,  the  highest  peak 
of  this  range,  has  an  altitude  of  4430  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Among  the  other  summits  are  Killington 
Peak  (4221  feet  high)  and  the  Camel's  Hump  (4088  feet 
high).  The  Green  Mountains  are  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  fir,  pine,  hemlock,  sugar-maple,  beech,  birch,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  Their  slopes  are  generally  gentle  or  not 
very  steep.  Tourists  can  ride  in  a  carriage  to  the  summit 
of  Equinox  Mountain,  which  ie  3872  feet  high.  The  names 
Hoosao  Mountain  and  Taghkanic,  or  Taconic,  are  applied 
to  parts  of  the  southern  extension  of  this  range,  which 
traverses  the  western  part  of  Massachusetts,  entering  Con- 
necticut and  the  state  of  Now  York.  In  Massachusetts 
the  name  Green  Mountains  is,  however,  applied  to  the 
whole,  and  especially  to  the  eastern,  range,  the  name  Taoonio 
belonging  to  the  western  parallel  range. 

Green  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Rochester  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  ha«  » 
church.     Pop.  40. 

Green  Oak,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
15  miles  N.  of  Ann  Arbor.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  938. 

Green  Oak  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad, 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit. 

Green'ock,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ren- 
frew, on  the  S.  side  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  22i  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Glasgow  by  railway.  Lat.  55»  56'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  45' 
15"  W.  It  stands  chiefly  on  a  level  strip  of  land,  but  partly 
on  an  abrupt  height  commanding  noble  views.  The  town 
is  abundantly  furnished  with  water  by  aqueducts.  On  the 
W.  are  many  new  streets  and  handsome  residences.  The 
principal  structures  are  a  fine  custom-house,  the  town  hall, 
jail,  exchange,  tontine,  assembly-hall,  theatre,  infirmary, 
and  several  handsome  churches.  Greenock  has  a  flourish- 
ing mechanics'  institute,  a  public  library  with  upwards  of 
12,000  volumes  and  with  a  statue  of  Watt  by  Chantrey,  nu- 
merous banks,  a  grammar-school,  a  hospital,  a  chamber  of 
commerce,  an  academy,  a  seaman's  asylum,  cotton-mills, 
machine-shops,  yards  for  building  iron  ships,  sail-cloth-, 
paper-,  and  rope-factories,  large  sugar-refineries  and  chem- 
ical works,  and  a  great  foreign  and  coastwise  trade.  It  has 
old  and  new  harbors,  constructed  at  great  expense,  with 
extensive  docks  and  quays.  Greenock  has  wholly  risen 
into  importance  since  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  in  1871,  57,821;  in  1881,  65,884;  in  1891,  63,086. 

Green'ock,  a  plantation  of  Crittenden  oo..  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  17  miles  above  Memphis,  Tenn.  Here 
is  Oldham  Post-Office. 

Greenock,  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.    See  Alpsyillb. 

Green'ore,a  headland  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  2  milea 
S.E.  of  Carlingford.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Greenore,  a  headland  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  7^ 
miles  S.S.E.  of  the  entrance  into  Wexford  harbor. 

Green  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  oo..  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Green  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  oo.,  Va., 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Belfield  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Point,  a  former  village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  East  River,  opposite  New  York,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Brooklyn  proper.  It  is  now  the  17th  ward  of  Brooklyn. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Newtown  Creek,  which  separates 
it  from  Hunter's  Point.  It  has  a  daily  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper, and  is  the  seat  of  ship-building  and  active  manufac- 
tures. Pop.  of  the  ward  in  1875,  24,001 ;  in  1890,  41,424. 
The  post-office,  Green  Point,  is  a  station  of  the  Brooklyn 
post-office. 

Green  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham. It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-  and  woollen-fao- 
tory,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  furniture. 

Green  Pond,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Colleton  oo^ 
S.C,  on  the  Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad,  39  miles  W. 
of  Charleston. 

Green  Pond  Junction,  N.J.    See  CHARLorrBBURe. 

Green'port,  or  Greens'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Coosa  River,  at  the  head  of  the 
shoals,  about  56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  ft 
grist-mill. 

Greenport,  a  fertile  township  of  Colombia  oo.,  N.Ti, 


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1317 


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en  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson.  Pop.  1354,  ezolasjlye  of  the 
city  of  Hudson. 

Greenport,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  summer 
resort  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the 
E.  terminus  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  95  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Brooklyn.  It  contains  a  union  school,  6  churches,  2 
banks,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  5 
hotels,  and  many  boarding-houses.  It  is  partly  supported 
by  commerce  and  the  fisheries.  It  has  a  harbor,  which  is 
completely  landlocked  and  deep  enough  for  the  largest 
ships.  Here  are  manufactures  of  rattan  and  wire  goods, 
<fco.  Steamboats  ply  to  Shelter  Island,  Sag  Harbor,  Orient, 
Saybrook,  and  New  London.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Green  Prairie*  pri'ree,  a  post-township  of  Morrison 
CO.,  Minn.,  9  miles  N.  of  Little  Palls,  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  82. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Ark.,  7  miles 
E.  of  Waldron.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  12  families. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas, 
16  miles  from  Larned.     It  has  a  broom-factory. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Sedalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y., 
on  or  near  Staten  Island  Sound,  33  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Green  Ridge,  a  statioa  in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Scranton,  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Lehigh  <fc 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  and  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Delaware 
&  Hudson  Railroad. 

Green  Ridge,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Reading  Railroads, 
2  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mt.  Carmel.     Here  are  coal-mines. 

Green  Ridge,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bach- 
man's  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Valley  Junction. 

Green  River,  a  branch  of  the  Colorado,  rises  in  the 
Wind  River  Mountains,  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyoming,  and 
first  runs  nearly  southward.  After  it  has  effected  a  passage 
through  the  Uintah  Mountains,  it  flows  southeastward  into 
Colorado,  and  irrigates  part  of  Grand  co.  Crossing  the 
western  boundary  of  Colorado,  it  enters  Utah,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Wasatch  co.  and  southward  through  San 
Pete  and  Sevier  cos.,  and  unites  with  the  Grand  River  near 
lat.  38°  16'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W.  Its  entire  length  is  esti- 
mated at  750  miles,  of  which  nearly  half  is  in  Utah.  It 
traverses  a  mountainous  country.  Coal  and  gold  are  found 
in  the  upper  part  of  its  valley  in  Wyoming.  This  river  is 
not  of  much  importance  for  navigation. 

Green  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Lee  co.,  drains  part  of 
Bureau  oo.,  runs  westward  through  Henry  co.,  and  enters 
Rook  River  about  lO  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Rock  Island.  It 
is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Green  River,  Kentucky,  rises  near  the  middle  of  the 
state,  and  at  first  runs  generally  westward.  It  intersects 
Adair,  Green,  Hart,  Edmondson,  and  Butler  cos.,  and  passes 
near  the  Mammoth  Cave.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Big 
Barren  River  the  Green  River  runs  northwestward  with  a 
very  tortuous  course,  forms  the  boundary  between  Muhlen- 
burg  and  Ohio  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Henderson 
CO.,  about  9  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.  Its  length  is  es- 
timated at  350  miles.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to 
Brownsville,  about  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  traverses 
the  western  coal-field  of  Kentucky. 

Green  River  rises  in  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  mna  south- 
ward into  Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  and  enters  the  Deerfield 
River  nearly  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Green  River,  Henry  co.,  111.    See  Oaklet. 

Green  River,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Green  River, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville,  Ky. 

Green  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Chatham,  and  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Al- 
bany.    It  has  a  church. 

Green  River,  a  post-township  of  Henderson  oo.,  N.C., 
about  100  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  is  drained  by  Green 
River,  a  small  stream.     Pop.  709. 

Green  River,  Windham  CO.,  Vt.  See  Cdttins  Hollow. 

Green  River,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  24  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Grand  Falls.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  2  stores,  3  tanneries, 
and  5  taverns.     Pop.  700. 

Green  River,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming,  the  capital 
of  Sweetwater  co.,  on  Green  River,  and  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  272  miles  W.  of  Laramie,  and  184  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ogden.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  round-house  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Elevation,  6140  feet.     Pop.  1000. 


GreensHborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hale  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Marion  &  Memphis  Railroad,  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Selma,  and  about  38  miles  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It 
is  the  seat  of  the  Southern  University  (Methodist  Episcopal), 
which  was  founded  in  1859  and  has  a  library  of  10,000  vol- 
umes, 7  churches,  2  banks,  a  female  college,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  normal  school,  3  carriage-factories,  and  ootton- 
gins.     Pop.  in  1890,  1759. 

Green8boroagh,apost-villageof  Craighead  CO.,  Ark., 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Batesville.    It  has  a  church  and  4  stores. 

Greensborough,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Ga.,  on  tbe  Georgia  Railroad,  87  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta, 
and  84  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  4  churches,  and  2  academies.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1313. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Greensborough  township,  6  or  7  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle, 
and  about  32  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop.  in  1890, 
318;  of  the  township,  1612. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Choptank  River,  and  on  the  Maryland  <k  Delaware 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Easton,  and  about  50  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
graded  public  schools,  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  4  large 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  902. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co..  Miss., 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Greensborough,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Guilford  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  and  Northwestern  Railroads, 
81  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh,  and  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  4  newspaper 
offices,  4  banks,  2  fine  hotels,  a  Methodist  female  college, 
a  graded  school,  a  public  hall,  2  foundries,  3  tobacco-fac- 
tories, a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  spokes,  handles, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  3317. 

Greensborough,  a  post-borough  of  Greene  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Monongahelii  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  about 
50  miles  by  land  or  94  by  water  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  stoneware  and  roofing-tiles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  427. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Greensborough 
township,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  lake,  2  miles  from  the 
Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and  about  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  918. 

Greensborough  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  manufactures  of  boxes  and  chair- 
stock,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Greens'burg,  &  post-village,  capital  of  Decatur  co., 
Ind.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cin- 
cinnati <fc  Lafayette  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis, 
and  68  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  high  school,  8  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  hub- 
and  spoke-factory,  a  handle-factory,  flour-mills,  and  4 
weekly  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3596. 

Greensburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kiowa  co., 
Kansas,  83  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  3  newspaper  offices,  &o. 
Pop.  515. 

Greensburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Green  oo.,  Ky., 
on  Green  River,  69  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lebanon.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  552. 

Greensburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Helena 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Tickfaw  River,  about  75  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  masonic  academy.     Pop.  280. 

Greensburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  in 
Greensburg  township,  about  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Keokuk, 
Iowa.  It  has  a  church  and  general  stores.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1388. 

Greensburg,  N.J.    See  Wilburtha. 

Greensburg,  a  hamlet  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Scott 
township,  2  miles  from  Millersville.     It  has  a  church. 

Greensburg,  or  In'land,  a  post-village  of  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  in  Green  township,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Canton,  and 
11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Akron,  It  has  4  churches,  a  normal 
school,  a  brick-yard,  and  about  70  dwellings.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Inland. 

Greensburg,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Greene  township,  on  Mosquito  Creek,  about  54  miles  E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  825, 

Greensburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  in  Hempfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania 


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GRE 


Railroad,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  86  mileg  W.  by 
S.  of  Altoona.  It  contains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  female  seminary,  4  banks,  and  3  daily  and 
6  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  4202. 

Green'8  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Independence  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Andover.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Post-office,  Independence. 

Green's  Corners,  a  station  in  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Rome. 

Green's  Corners,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Eastern  division  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Albans. 

Green's  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  26  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

Green  Sea,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Horry  co., 
S.C,  15  miles  S.  of  Fair  BluiF,  N.C.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
turpentine-distillery.     Pop.  1043. 

Green's  Farms,  a  post- village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
on  the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Bridgeport.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  several  fine 
residences. 

Green's  Fork,  a  post-villnge  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  5  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  duster-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Green's  Grant,  an  unincorporated  tract  of  forest-land 
in  Coos  CO.,  N.H.     Pop.  71. 

Green's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Green  Shoal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  W,  Va., 
on  the  Guyandotte  River,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Green's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.. 
Me.,  is  on  the  ocean,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Deer  Isle,  25  miles 
E.  of  Rockland.     . 

Green's  Mill, a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Green's  Pond,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  island 
on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  100  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  John's  by  water,  183  by  land.  It  is  a  barren 
island,  but  has  a  good  though  small  harbor,  and  is  an  excel- 
lent fishing-station.     Pop.  1073. 

Greensport,  Alabama.    See  Greenport, 

Green  Spring,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
and  a  station  (formerly  called  Sassafras)  on  the  Delaware 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Dover. 

Green  Spring,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Jreen  Spring  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Green  Spring,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township, 
Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tiffin,  and  about  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Fremont.  It  has  a  national  bank,  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  sulphur  spring,  and  manufactures  of 
hubs,  spokes,  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Green  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
in  Newton  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Newville,  It  has  a 
church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Green  Spring  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  70  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond. 

Green  Spring  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Md.,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown. 

Green  Spring  Junction,  in  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Green  Spring  Branch  Railroad,  8  miles 
6.E.  of  Green  Spring. 

Green  Spring  Junction,  on  the  Western  Maryland 
Railroad,  in  Baltimore  co.,  is  13  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Green  Spring.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Green  Spring  Branch  Railroad. 

Green  Spring  Run,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Cumberland. 

Green  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala. 

Green  Street,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  oo.,  Wis.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Branch  Railroad  Station. 

Green  Snl'phur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Summers 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  E.  of  New  Richmond.  Here  is  a  sul- 
phur spring. 

Greensville,  Ontario.    See  Bullock's  Corners. 

Green'ton,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Clay  township,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Green  Top,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.,  45 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public 
school,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Green'town,  a  post- village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Wildcat  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Kokomo,  and  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Peru.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  721. 


Greentown,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  9  milef 
N.  of  Ca°nton.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  a  ploogh- 
faotory,  and  a  coal-mine. 

Green  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa. 

Green  Tree,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn 
sylvania  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Green  Tree,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Green  Tree  Tavern,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Iow», 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Davenport. 

Green'up,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Eentaoky, 
has  an  area  of  about  352  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Sandy  River  and  Tygert's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  Greenup,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,463; 
in  1880,  1.3,371  ;  in  1890,  11,911. 

Greenup,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  111.,  in 
Greenup  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Vandalia  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Grayville  <k  Mattoon  Railroad,  4:^  miles  W.S.W.  of  Terre 
Haute,  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  M.-ittoon.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  858;  of  the  township,  280-4. 

Greenup,  or  Green'upsburg,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Greenup  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  S  miles  beloir 
Ironton,  and  about  20  miles  above  Portsmouth,  0.  The 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad  connects  it  with  Grayson,  &e. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  5 
churches.    Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.    Pop.  (1890)  669. 

Green  Yale,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111. 

Green  Yale,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa. 

Green'vale,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Green  Yale,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Me. 

Greenvale,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  758. 

Green  Yale,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Oyster 
Bay  township,  1  mile  from  Glen  Head  Station. 

Greenvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  17 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  6  families. 

Green'vale,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  13  miles  from  Cbarlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

Green  Yal'ley,  a  postUiamlet  of  El  Dorado  co..  Cat., 
about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Green  Yalley,  a  station  in  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Fulton  &  Guerneville  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Guerneville, 
and  10  miles  from  Fulton.  Pop.  of  Green  Valley  town- 
ship, 592. 

Green  Yalley,  &  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  oo.,  HI.,  on 
the  Pekin  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of 
Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green  Yalley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  from  Ellinwood  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Yalley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  35 
miles  from  Sherman.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Green  Yalley,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Green  Yalley,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.   P.  291. 

Greenview,  greenVu',  a  post-village  of  Menard  co., 
111.,  on  the  Jacksonville  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton 
Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville,  and  22  miles  N. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1106. 

Green  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  2i 
miles  from  Madison,  and  about  15  miles  W.  of  Newark. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Green  Village,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Greene  township,  about  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hnrrisburg, 
and  2  miles  from  Scotland  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green'ville,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, bordering  on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about 
716  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Saluda 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Ennoree,  Reedy,  and  Tiger 
Rivers,  which  rise  within  its  lifiiits.  The  s'urface  of  the 
county  is  mountainous,  and  presents  beautiful  scenery  of 
mountains,  valleys,  and  hills.  A  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Richmond  <t  Danville  Railroad  and  the 
Carolina,  Knoxville  &  Western  Railroad,  both  of  which 
pass  through  Greenville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,262 ; 
in  1880,  37,496;  in  1890,  44,310. 

Greenville,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia,  border- 
ing on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  325  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Meherrin  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Nottoway  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  produces  Indian 


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corn,  oats,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Peters- 
burg &  Weldon  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic  &  Danville  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Emporia.  Pop.  in  1870,  6362;  in  1880, 
8407;  in  1890,  8230. 

Greenville,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Butler  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  44  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montgomery,  and  134  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  collegiate 
institute,  several  mills,  and  printing-oflBces  which  issue  2 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  2806. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  in  In- 
dian Valley,  about  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marysville,  and  16 
miles  N.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  sev- 
eral quartz-mills.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
in  Norwich  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the 
Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich. 
It  contains  3  churches,  several  cotton-mills,  2  paper-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  axles,  springs,  and  wood  types.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Greenville,  a  post-ofi5oe  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Wil- 
mington. 

Greenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of 
Tallahassee.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meriwether  co., 
Ga.,  about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  50  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Columbus.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bond  co..  111., 
on  the  East  Fork  of  Big  Shoal  Creek,  in  Greenville  town- 
ship, and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 50  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  20  miles  W.  of 
Vandalia,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 11  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the 
Almira  College  for  ladies,  with  a  large  edifice.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1868;  of  the  township,  2793. 

Greenville,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  111.  Pop.  946. 
It  contains  New  Bedford. 

Greenville,  a  post- village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  about  12  mil^s  N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cooperage. 
Pop.  313;  of  the  township,  1415. 

Greenville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Muhlenburg  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Newport  News  <fc  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad, 
92  miles  E.  of  Paducah,  and  about  44  miles  S.  of  Owens- 
borough.  It  has  6  churches,  a  female  college,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  4  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  968. 

Greenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in 
Greenville  township,  at  the  S.  end  of  Moosehead  Lake,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Dover.     Pop.  of  the  township,  781. 

Greenville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Lei- 
cester township,  1  mile  from  Rochdale  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
paper-machinery. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Flat  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Lake  Michigan 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  about  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  6 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  union  school,  4 
newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  4  saw-mills,  a  tannery, 
a  woollen-factory,  2  machine-shops,  2  planing-mills,  and  4 
shingle-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3056. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  a  court-house,  several  churches,  2  oil- mills, 
2  saw- mills,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Greenville,  Columbus 
&  Birmingham  Railroad.  A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  6658. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Francis  River,  about  120  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
and  a  station  on  the  Peterborough  &  Shirley  Railroad,  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Ayer,  Mass.  It  has  3  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  3  cotton-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1255. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Stockton 
township,  4  miles  from  Camden. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in  the 
former  township  of  Greenville  (now  a  part  of  Jersey  City), 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
New  York.  It  has  6  churches,  a  pistol-factory,  and  a 
brewery.  The  township  was  part  of  a  peninsula,  extend- 
ing from  Newark  Bay  to  New  York  Bay. 


Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Rockaway 
township,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Newfoundland. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Greene 
township,  5  miles  W.  of  Andover.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
50.     Hero  is  Lincoln  Post-Office. 

Greenville,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  about  24  miles  S.S.W,  of  Albany.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Greenville  Academy,  and  about  35  houses. 
Here  is  a  beautiful  view  of  the  Catskill  Mountains.  The 
township  contains  8  churches  and  a  pop.  of  2034. 

Greenville,  or  Min'isink,  a  post-village  of  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenville  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Port  Jervis. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  2  wagon-shops.      Here  is  Mini 
sink  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1065. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  IJ  miles 
from  Scarsdale  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C., 
in  Greenville  township,  on  the  Tar  River,  25  miles  above 
Washington,  and  about  75  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  and  a 
carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  912;  in  1890, 1937. 

Greenville,  a  city,  capital  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  :i 
creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Dayton  A  Union 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Columbus,  Chicago  & 
Indiana  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton,  21 
miles  W.  of  Piqua,  and  94  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains 10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  8  news- 
paper offices,  union  schools,  2  planing-mills,  a  furniture- 
factory,  terra-cotta- works,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  5473. 

Greenville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon. 

Greenville,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  E. 
of  Indiana,  and  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    Here  is  Penn  Run  Post-Office. 

Greenville,  formerly  West  Greenville,  a  post- 
borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Shenango  A  Lake 
Erie  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville,  and  35  miles 
N.  of  Newcastle.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  national  banks, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  seat  of  Thiel  College 
(Lutheran),  and  head-quarters  of  a  railroad.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  iron  goods,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  and  flour. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3007;  in  1890,  3674. 

Greenville,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Maryland  line.  Pop.  619.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Pocahontas.     See  also  East  Greenville. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  8 
or  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
3  churches,  2  cotton-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Greenville,  or  Greenville  Court-House,  a  post- 
town  and  railroad  terminus,  capital  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
in  Greenville  township,  and  on  the  Reedy  River,  141  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbia,  and  158  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 
It  is  on  the  Atlanta  A  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  near  the  Saluda  Mountain.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  14  churches,  a  female  college,  4  banks, 
and  the  Furman  University  (Baptist),  which  was  organized 
in  1851.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  It  has  3  cotton-factories,  2  foundries,  a  coach-factory, 
a  cotton-seed-oil  mill,  a  fertilizer-factory,  planing-mills, 
and  a  desk-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  8607., 

Greenville,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.     See  Greeneville. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  is 
on  a  head-stream  of  the  Sabine  River,  about  48  miles  N.E. 
of  Dallas,  and  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Denison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 

Greenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Utah,  about 
6  miles  W.  of  Beaver.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  12  or 
13  miles  S.  of  Staunton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  separate  schools  for  white  and  colored  children.  Pop. 
in  1890,  328. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles 
from  Ravenswood.     Near  here  is  Le  Roy  Post-Office. 

Greenville,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis. 
The  township  has  4  churches.  Pop.  1388.  Greenville  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.  of  Appleton. 

Greenville  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  ir 
Greenville  township,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coxsackie.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  basket-factory. 

Greenville  Court-House,  S.C.    See  Greenyiluc. 

Greenville  Court-House,  or  Greenville  Junc- 
tion, Virginia.    See  Hicksford. 

Greenville  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  eastward  through  the 
middle  of  Darke  co.,  and  unites  with  Stillwater  Creek  at 
Covington,  in  Miami  co.  The  stream  formed  by  this  con- 
fluence is  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Miami  River. 


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Green'way)  a  post-oflSco  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 

Greenwich)  grin'idj,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  3i  miles  E.S.E.  of 
London  Bridge,  on  a  railway,  chiefly  on  low,  marshy  ground, 
a  portion  of  which  is  below  the  level  of  the  Thames.  Lat 
of  the  Observatory,  51°  28'  38"  N.;  Ion.  0°  0'  0".  Mean 
annual  temperature,  48.9°;  winter,  37.7°;  summer,  60.3° 
Fahr.  The  streets  are  in  general  narrow  and  irregular, 
and  many  of  the  houses  mean  in  appearance,  though  re- 
cently numerous  handsome  new  houses  have  been  built. 
The  town  is  well  lighted  with  gas  and  amply  supplied  with 
water.  The  educational  institutions,  public,  private,  and 
charitable,  are  numerous,  as  are  also  the  benevolent  and 
charitable  institutions;  among  the  latter  may  be  named 
Norfolk  College,  supporting  20  decayed  tradesmen.  But 
the  object  of  by  far  the  greatest  interest  in  Greenwich  is  its 
magnificent  Naval  Hospital,  for  the  maintenance  of  veteran, 
wounded,  or  unfortunate  seamen, — the  noblest  establish- 
ment of  the  kind  in  Europe.  Its  building  was  originally 
a  palace  of  Charles  II.  Commenced  at  the  Restoration  by 
Webb,  son-in-law  of  Inigo  Jones,  it  was  carried  on  under 
the  superintendence  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  and  finished 
after  his  designs  by  his  successor.  Sir  John  Vanbrugh,  It 
stands  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  on  an  elevated  terrace,  is 
865  feet  in  length,  and  covers,  with  the  schools,  civil  oflSces, 
lawns,  and  burial-ground  attached,  a  space  of  40  acres.  A 
portion  of  the  building  is  occupied  by  the  Royal  Naval  Col- 
lege. Here  are  royal  schools  for  the  children  of  oflBcers, 
seamen,  and  marines.  Greenwich  Park,  between  the  hospital 
and  Blackheath,  first  enclosed  by  Duke  Humphrey  of  Glou- 
cester in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  contains  about  200  acres 
of  undulating  and  wooded  land,  has  numerous  herds  of  doer, 
and  is  a  good  deal  resorted  to  by  the  Londoners.  On  one  of 
its  eminences,  160  feet  above  the  river,  and  once  occupied 
by  Greenwich  Castle,  is  the  Royal  Observatory,  founded  by 
Charles  II.  in  1674,  the  residence  of  the  astronomer  royal, 
and  the  place  from  which  longitudes  are  reckoned.  Green- 
wich sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
in  1871,  40,412;  in  1881,  65,411 ;  in  1891,  78,131. 

Green'wich,  a  post-village  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  about  33 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Bakersfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  &c. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township, 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  Long  Island 
Sound,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  27  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  contains  the  Greenwich  Academy 
and  elegant  residences.  Many  persons  who  do  business  in 
New  York  reside  here.  The  township  forms  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Connecticut.    P.  (1890)  10,131 ;  of  village,  2100. 

Greenwich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Wichita.     It.  has  a  church. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  Swift  River,  30  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  526. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  Cohansey  Creek,  and  on  the  South 
Jersey  or  Vineland  Railroad,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeton. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  canning-factory. 
Greenwich  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Delaware 
Bay.  It  contains  many  cranberry-marshes.  Pop.  of  the 
village,  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1262. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Delaware  River.  It  contains  Clarks- 
borough  and  Paulsborough.     Pop.  2342. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  bounded 
W.  by  the  Delaware  River.  Pop.  2587.  Greenwich  Sta- 
tion on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  is  2  miles  E.  of 
Phillipsburg. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  on  the  Battenkill  River,  and  on  the 
Greenwich  A  Johnsonville  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Albany,  and  about  16  miles  E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
contains  a  national  bank,  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  thread,  paper, 
wood-pulp,  shanks  for  shoes,  knit  goods,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, and  scales.  The  township  contains  hamlets  named 
North  Greenwich,  East  Greenwich,  Fort  Millwr,  and  Batten- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1890,  4196 ;  of  the  village,  1663. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  881. 
See  Greenwich  Station. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2151. 
It  contains  Grimville,  Klinesville,  <fec. 

Greenwich,  Rhode  Island.    See  East  Qeeenwich. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  of  Pi  Uto  oo.,  Utah,  100 
milea  S.  of  York  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
lactory. 

Greenwich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  oo.,  Va., 


4  miles  S.  of  Gainesrille  Station,  and  about  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  a  church, 

Greenwich,  a  village  of  Nova  Scotia.  Se«  Pobv 
Williams  Station. 

Greenwich  Hill,  a  post-village.  Kings  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  St.  John  River,  19  miles  above  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Greenwich  Station,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0., 
in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Greenwich  Village,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  & 
Northeastern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.     It 
has  a  grist-mill  and   manufactures  of  carriages,  picture 
frames,  &c 

Green'wood,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  1155  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ver- 
digris River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Fall  River  and  Otter 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber ;  the  soil  is  fertile  and  calca- 
reous. Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  Two  railway 
lines  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Eureka.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3484;  in  1875,  6483;  in  1880,  10,548;  in  1890, 16,309. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etowah  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
Will's  Creek,  and  on  the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad, 
74  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  stores.     Pop.  about  50. 

Greenwood,  a  hamlet  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  100 
miles  S.  of  Mineral  Park.  It  has  a  quartz-mill  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sebastian  oo., 
Ark.,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Smith.    It  contains  3  churches. 

Greenwood,  a  post-township  of  El  Dorado  oo.,  Cal., 
about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  557. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co..  Col.,  17  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Rosita,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  of 
Greenwood  township  in  1890,410. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Delaware  Railroad,  72  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  canning-factory,  and  saw-mills. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  CO.,  Fla.,  65  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  350. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  111.   P.  1075. 

Greenwood,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Dolton's  Station. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  in 
Greenwood  township,  on  the  Nippersink  Creek,  about  56 
miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  wagon -factory,  2  creameries,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  899. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  canning-factory,  a  screen-door  factory,  a  newspaper 
office,  &c.    Pop.  862. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  ia 
drained  by  the  Osage.  Pop.  501.  Greenwood,  a  hamlet  ia 
this  township,  is  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  chui;ph. 

Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  on  th* 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  near  here. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Caddo  parish.  La.,  ob 
the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Shreve- 
port.     It  has  several  stores. 

Greenwood,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  about 

22  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Houlton.     Pop.  47. 
Greenwood,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  about 

30  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  nas  a  church  and  a  spool- 
factory.     Pop.  845. 

Greenwood,  or  Rogers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  10  miles  N 
of  Baltimore. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Wakefield  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Clare  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  39. 

Greenwood,  a  village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  <fc  Ontonagon  Railroad,  21  miles  W. 
of  Marquette.  Here  is  Greenwood  Furnace  Station.  Iron 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     P.  248. 

Greenwood,  a  station  in  Grant  township,  Oceana  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 

23  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.     Here  is  Malta  Post-Offic* 


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Greenwood}  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogemaw  oo.,  Mich.,  at 
Summit  Station  on  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  baa  a 
lumber-mill. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1158.     See  Greenwood  Centre. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.    P.  136. 

Greenwood,  a  hamlet  in  Greenwood  township,  Hen- 
nepin CO.,  Minn.,  is  on  the  Crow  River,  about  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  of  the  township,  524. 

Greenwood,  a  station  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  <fc 
Columbus  Railroad,  14  miles  £.  of  Natchez,  Miss. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Le  Flore  co., 
Mississippi,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Winona.  Cotton  is  shipped  here  on  steamboats,  which  can 
ascend  to  this  point  in  ordinary  stages  of  water.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  otiices,  a  public  school,  oil- 
mills,  &c.    Pop.  in  1890,  1055. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  Here  is  Lincoln  College  (United  Pres- 
byterian), which  was  chartered  in  1870.  The  village  has  5 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  296. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  Ac.     Pop.  495. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greenwood  township,  12  or  13  miles  S.  of  Hornellsville,  and 
32  miles  W.  of  Corning.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and 
a  machine-shop.     Pop.  350 ;  of  the  township,  1312. 

Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  in  Green- 
wood township,  6  miles  from  Cameron  Station.  Pop.  1523. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  Cameron. 

Greenwood,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Bloomsburg.  Pop.  1688.  It  contains 
Rohrsburg,  lola,  and  Millville. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad.  Pop.  1782. 
It  contains  Geneva. 

Greenwood,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  li  miles  from  Media. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
744.     It  contains  Richfield. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  contiguous 
to  the  foregoing  township.  Pop.  1080,  exclusive  of  the 
borough  of  Millerstown. 

Greenwood,  a  station  on  the  Providence  &  Stonington 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood  township, 
Abbeville  co.,  S.C.  on  the  Columbia  &  Greenville  Railroad, 
84  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Abbeville. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1326;  of  the  township,  5083. 

Greenwood,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  about  2 
miles  from  Memphis.     Here  is  a  female  college. 

Greenwood,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
N.  of  Mineola.     It  has  3  churches. 

Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Greenwood,  Virginia.    See  Greenwood  Depot. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Black  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Neillsville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  stave-mill. 
Pop.  250. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  885. 
It  contains  Debello. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Whitby.  It  contains  2  grist-mills,  a  potash- 
factory,  a  stave-factory,  2  hotels,  a  church,  &c.     Pop.  600. 

Greenwood  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Algona. 

Greenwood  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenwood 
township,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Port 
Huron.     It  has  2  churches. 

Greenwood  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Staunton. 

Greenwood  Furnace,  a  post- village  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  2 
iron-fumaces  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  400. 

GreenAVOod  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
4  miles  from  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenwood  Iron-Works,  or  Greenwood,  apost- 
hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Monroe  township,  on  the 
84 


Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Newburg  &  New  York 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  2  churchea, 
a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  and  a  manufactory  of  mineral  wool. 

Greenwood  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Greenwood  Lake,  a  post-village  and  popular  water- 
ing-place of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  terminus  of  the  New 
York  <t  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  49  miles  N.N. W.  of  New 
York  City.  It  has  2  churches,  and  numerous  hotels,  cot- 
tages, and  boarding-houses.  The  lake  is  about  9  miles  long, 
and  surrounded  by  high  hills. 

Greer's,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Char- 
tiers  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Greers'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Ark.,  3  miles 
from  Van  Buren.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Greer's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
in  Chick's  Springs  township,  on  the  Atlanta  <fc  Richmond 
Air-Line  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville. 

Greers'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Walhonding  River,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  73. 

Grefrath,  grfiPrit,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Dusseldorf, 
at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Kempen.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linens  and  ribbons.     Pop.  2510. 

Gregapojee,  gr&-g&-po'iee\  or  Gree\jee',  a  town  of 
Dahomey,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Whydah.  Lat.  6°  12'  N. ;  Ion. 
1°  32'  E.     Pop.  1200. 

Gregg,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sabine  River  and  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad.  The  surface  is  diversified.  Cotton  and  corn  are 
the  staple  products.     Capital,  Longview.     P.  (1890),  9402. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1041.  It 
contains  Hall. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1636.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Spring  Mills. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  821.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Allenwood. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  3200. 

Gregg's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Greggs'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gregna,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Gkein. 

Greg'ory,  a  county  in  South  Dakota,  borders  on  Ne- 
braska. It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Missouri  River, 
and  traversed  by  Ponca  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.    Area,  975  square  miles.    Pop.  in  1890,  295. 

Gregory,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  163. 

Greg'ory  Lake,  a  large  salt  lake  or  basin  of  South 
Australia,  receiving  one  of  the  main  arms  of  Cooper*! 
Creek.     Lat.  29°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  139°  50'  E. 

Greg'ory  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  Gregory  Station  (or  Hazle- 
ton)  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
11  miles  S.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Greifenberg,  gri'f§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  ia 
Pomerania,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Rega.    P.  6631. 

Greifenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  on  the 
Queiss,  about  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lobau.     Pop.  2783. 

Greifenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  45 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Berlin,  on  the  Sarnitz.    Pop.  1486. 

Greifenburg,  gri'f^n-bSSRG*,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Carinthia,  32  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Villaoh,  near  the 
Drave.     Pop.  896. 

Greifendorf,  gri'f^n-doRr,  a  village  of  Moravia,  on  a 
railway,  near  Brunn.     Pop.  2100. 

Greifenhagen,  gri'f^n-hi^gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Stettin,  near  the  Oder. 
Pop.  6759.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather. 

Greifenstein,  gri'f§n-stine^,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Wetzlar.     Pop.  694. 

Greifenstein,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  the  Danube, 
about  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  398. 

Greiffensee,  gri'f^n-si*,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  6  miles  E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  small  lake  of  Greif- 
fensee.    Pop.  396. 

Greifswald,  grlfs'^&ld,  formerly  written  Gripes- 
wold,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  18  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Stralsund,  on  the  Ryck,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Baltic.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  harbor  fitted  for 
small  vessels,  a  university  founded  in  1456,  a  medioo- 
chirurgical  school,  observatory,  botanic  garden,  museums, 
and  a  gymnasium.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco  and 
soap,  oil-mills,  building-docks,  distilleries,  salt-refineries, 
and  an  active  trade  both  by  sea  and  by  land.     Pop.  18,022. 

Greifswald-oe,  grifs'Mld-S^^h,  an  islet  in  the  Bsltk 
Sea,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Rttgen. 


GBE 


1322 


QBE 


Greig,  grSg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.T.,  in  Greig 
township,  on  Black  River,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  paper-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1481. 

Greigsville,  grggs'vil,  a  post-village  of  Livingston 
00.,  N.Y.,  in  York  township,  near  the  Genesee  River,  and 
about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Grein,  grin,  a  considerable  town  of  Arabia,  in  Hadra- 
maut,  on  the  AVady  Doan,  near  Makallah. 

Grein,  grine,  or  Gregna,  grSg'ni,  a  town  of  Austria, 
on  the  Danube,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1262. 

Greinord)  gree'nprd,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  4  miles  wide, 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ross-shire,  S.W.  of  Loch  Broom. 

Greitz,  or  Greiz,  gritz,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
capital  of  the  principality  of  Reuss-Greitz,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  White  Elster,  at  a  railway  junction,  49  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Leipsic.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  well  built,  and  is  the 
residence  of  the  reigning  prince,  who  has  here  two  castles 
and  a  summer  palace  with  fine  gardens.  It  has  a  semi- 
nary, a  normal  school,  a  Latin  school,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  print-works,  distilleries,  and 
breweries.     Pop.  12,657. 

Greklis,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Qraslitz. 

Grembergen,  grdm'bdR-ghfn,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders.     Pop.  2300. 

Grenaae,  gr^h-no'^V,  or  Grinaae,  gre-no'^h^  a 
maritime  town  of  Denmark,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  Jut- 
land, 32  miles  E.  of  Randers.     Pop.  1923. 

Grenada,  gr§n-i'da  (Fr.  Grenade,  gr^h-nid'),  one  of 
the  British  West.  India  Islands,  having  a  colonial  govern- 
ment, and  forming  also,  with  the  Grenadines,  a  member  of 
the  united  colony  of  the  Windward  Islands.  Lat.  (S.  point) 
11°  59'  N.  ,•  Ion.  61°  45'  W.  It  is  of  an  oblong  form,  24i 
miles  long  N.  and  S.,  and  10  miles  broad.  Area,  133  square 
miles.  There  are  several  bays  and  creeks  on  both  sides  of 
the  island,  affording  good  anchorage.  Grenada  is  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  the  West  India  Islands,  rugged  and 

Eicturesque  in  the  interior,  being  traversed  from  N.  to  S. 
y  an  irregular  mass  of  volcanic  mountains  which  attain 
elevations  of  3000  to  3200  feet  above  sea-level.  In  the 
centre  of  the  island,  about  1700  feet  above  sea-level,  there 
is  a  circular  lake,  2^  miles  in  circumference,  enclosed  by 
lofty  mountains.  Rivers  and  rivulets  are  extremely  numer- 
ous, and  most  of  the  former  are  capable  of  working  sugar- 
mills.  The  soil  is  variable,  but  consists  principally  of  a 
rich  black  or  reddish  mould,  well  adapted  to  every  tropical 
production.  Cotton  was  formerly  the  chief  article  of  culti- 
vation ;  but  at  present  sugar,  cacao,  rum,  and  molasses  stand 
first  in  the  exports.  The  island  is  divided  into  6  districts, 
and  has  a  lieutenant-governor  and  a  local  legislature.  Cap- 
ital, St.  George.  Grenada  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in 
his  third  voyage,  in  1498,  at  which  time  it  was  inhabited 
by  Caribs,  who  were  subsequently  exterminated  by  the 
French,  by  whom  the  island  was  colonized  about  the  mid- 
dle of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  in  whose  possession 
it  remained  till  1762,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  British. 
It  was  recaptured  by  the  French  in  1779,  and  restored  to 
Britain  in  1783.  Pop.  in  1876,  including  a  part  of  the 
Grenadines,  40,412;  in  1885,  48,425;  in  1892,  55,333. 

Grenada,  gren-ah'di,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Yalabusha  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Nearly  half 
of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  com, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  is  directly 
connected  with  Memphis  by  the  Mississippi  <fc  Tennessee 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grenada.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,571;  in 
1880,  12,071 ;  in  1890,  14,974.  '       .       . 

Grenada,  Bent  co.,  Colorado.    See  Granada. 
Grenada,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Grenada  co..  Miss., 
Ml  the  Yalabusha  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  & 
New  Orieans  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi 
*  „     .°®*®®®  ^*''''°'"^'  ^^2  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson,  and 
100  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.    It  has  8  churches,  2  banks, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  ice, 
cotton-seed  oil,  and  bricks.     Pop.  in  1890,  2416. 
Grenade,  the  French  name  of  Granada. 
Grenade,  gr^h-nid',  a  village  of  France,  in  Garonne. 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2674. 

Grenade,  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  10  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  1658. 

Grenadines,  grSn-a-deenz',  or  Grenadilles,  grSn- 
i-deel',  a  group  of  islands  in  the  West  Indies,  belonging  to 
Great  Britain,  extending  from  lat.  12°  30'  to  13°  N.,  be- 
tween Grenada  and  St.  Vincent,  and  oonsistinu  of  Bequia, 


Carriacou,  and  Union,  besides  several  smaller  islands.  Area, 
86  square  miles.  They  form  a  dependency  of  Grenada. 
Chief  exports,  fish  oil,  wood,  sugar,  com,  and  cotton. 
Pop.  6400. 

Uren^ard',  a  township  of  Iroquois  co..  111.     Pop.  541. 

Grenchen,  grin'K^n  (Fr.  Grange,  grftNzh),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  7  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Soleure. 
It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2541. 

Grendelbruch,  grSn'd§l-br56K*  (Fr^ron.  gr6N»M4r- 
brUk'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Schlettstadt. 

Grenelle,  gr^h-ndU',  a  village  of  France,  within  the 
fortifications  of  Paris,  celebrated  for  its  artesian  well,  1794 
feet  deep,  which  supplies  a  part  of  Paris  with  water. 

Gren^fell',  a  town  of  New  South  Wales,  233  miles  W. 
of  Sydney,  with  quartz  gold-mines.     Pop.  1657. 

Grenna,  grin'n&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  20  milea 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Jonkoping,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Wetter. 

Grenne,  or  Grennah,  a  town  of  Africa.   See  Ctrene. 

Grenn'ville,  a  station  in  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Fort  Fred.  Steele. 
Elevation,  6560  feet. 

Grenoble,  gr§n-ob'r  or  gr^h-no'b'l  (anc.  Oul'aro  or 
Gratianop' olis),  a  fortified  city  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Is^re,  picturesquely  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  Isire  River,  here  crossed  by  2  bridges  and  bordered 
by  handsome  quays,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lyons.  Lat. 
46°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  44'  E.  The  city  proper,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  river,  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  ramparts,  and  has  a 
citadel ;  the  faubourg  Saint-Laurent,  the  original  quarter, 
founded  by  the  Emperor  Gratian,  on  the  opposite  bank,  is 

?rotected  by  the  fort  of  La  Bastile,  on  an  adjacent  height, 
rincipal  edifices,  the  cathedral,  the  court-house,  the  na- 
tional college,  with  a  museum  and  picture-gallery,  the  epls- 
copal  palace,  theatre,  public  library  of  100,000  volumes,  ser- 
eral  convents,  hospitals,  ko.  There  is  a  good  public  garden, 
and  in  a  principal  square  is  a  colossal  bronze  statue  of  the 
Chevalier  Bayard.  Grenoble  is  the  seat  of  a  national  court, 
an  acadimie  univeraitaire,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  cham- 
ber of  manufactures,  and  a  board  of  customs,  and  has  a  nor- 
mal school  and  other  schools.  It  has  manufactures  of  kid 
gloves,  liqueurs,  buttons,  and  cement,  and  a  trade  in  hemp, 
iron,  and  marble.  It  was  anciently  known  by  the  name  of 
Cularo,  afterwards  as  Gratianopolis.     Pop.  (1891)  49,585. 

Greno'la,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  36  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Winfi^ld.  It  has  5  churches,  a  public 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  608. 

Gren'ville,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  on  the  St. 
Lawrence,  has  an  area  of  464  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Ottawa  and  Grand  Trunk  Railways. 
Capital,  Prescott.     Pop.  22,616. 

Grenville,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  River  Ottawa,  67  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mpntreal.  It  has 
several  mills,  mica-mines,  and  burrstone-quarries.  It  is  at 
the  head  of  the  Carillon  Canal.     Pop.  600. 

Grenville  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  RornMA. 

Gr^oulx  or  Gr6oux,  gri*oo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Basses-Alpes,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.    It  has  mineral  baths. 

Gresh'am,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Neb.,  16  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  York.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Gresh'amville,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Greensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gresholm,  an  island  of  Wales.    See  Grasholk. 

Gresh'ville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Gresik,  or  Gressic,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Grisseh. 

Gresivaudan,  grJi^zeeS'oM6N<>',  one  of  the  most  pic- 
turesque and  productive  valleys  of  France,  in  Is^re,  traT- 
ersed  by  the  Is^re  to  its  confluence  with  the  Drac. 

Gressenich,  gr4s's§h-niK,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Aix- 
la-Chapelle.  It  has  mines  of  zinc  and  iron,  and  manufac- 
tories of  flannels.     Pop.  of  commune,  4215. 

Gresy,  gri^zee'  (L.  Gresaiacum),  a  town  of  France,  on 
the  Is^re,  23  miles  E.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1174. 

Gresy-sur-Aix,  gri^zee'-silR-Ax,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  11  miles  N.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1345. 

Gre'ta,  or  Grea'ta,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, an  affluent  of  the  Derwent. 

Gre'ta,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  flows  E.  and  N.  into  the  Tees. 

Greta  Bridge,  a  hamlet  on  the  above  river,  E.  of 
Barnard  Castle. 

Gret'na,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jefferson  parish,  La., 
2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  7  churches,  an 
oil-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  3332. 

Gret'na,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Omaha.    It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  Jbo. 


GRE 


1323 


GRI 


Gret'na  Green,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dum- 
fries, on  the  Sark,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.W,  of  Carlisle,  on  the 
boundary -line  between  Scotland  and  England.  It  was  long 
celebrated  aa  the  resort  of  parties  bent  on  clandestine  mar- 
riages to  avoid  the  English  marriage  law. 

Grenssen,  grois's^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarz- 
burg-Sondershausen,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Son- 
dershausen.     Pop.  2978. 

Greve,  gri'vi,  a  river  of  Tuscany,  joins  the  Amo  3 
miles  below  Florence.     Length,  about  24  miles. 

Greve,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Florence,  on  the  Greve.     Pop.  3195. 

Greven,  gr&'v^n,  a  town  of  Khenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
E.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  1790. 

Grevenbicht,  gri'v^n-biKt^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Maestricht. 

Grevenbroich,  gri'v§n-broiK\  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1323. 

Grevenmacher,  grS,'v§n-miK'§r,  or  Grevenma- 
chern,  gri'v§n-m3.K^ern,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Moselle. 
Pop.  2498. 

Grevistniihien,  gri'vis-mii^l^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  between  two  lakes,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Wismar.     Pop.  4189. 

Grevno,  grSv'no,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monastir. 

Grey,  gra,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  on  Georgian 
Bay,  comprises  an  area  of  1799  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  several  streams,  and  the  land  is  excellent  for  agricultural 
purposes.  The  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway  traverses 
this  county.     Capital,  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  (1891)  76,238. 

Grey,  Ontario.     See  Cranbrook. 

Greybeard,  gra'beerd,  a  mountain  of  North  Carolina, 
in  Buncombe  co.,  has  an  altitude  of  5448  feet. 

Grey  Bull  River,  Wyoming,  runs  northeastward,  and 
enters  the  Big  Horn  River  in  Sweetwater  co.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Grey'court,  a  hamlet  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Newburg  Branch  and  of 
the  Warwick  Valley  Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  New  York. 
Near  here  is  Chester  Post-OfBce. 

Grey  £agle,  ee'g'l,  a  post-township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn., 
10  miles  from  Melrose.    Pop.  124.    It  contains  Birch  Lake. 

Greyers,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  GRUT:fiRE. 

Grey'lock,  or  Gray'lock,  Massachusetts,  called  also 
Saddle  Mountain  or  Saddle  Ball,  a  mountain-peak 
in  Adams  township,  Berkshire  co.  It  rises  3500  feet  aoove 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  the  highest  point  of  the  state. 

Grey'mouth,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  province  of  West- 
land,  on  the  W.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Grey,  has 
a  hospital,  saw-mills,  brick-yards,  foundry,  ropewalk,  and 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  ships  coal  and  timber, 
and  is  the  terminus  of  a  short  railway.     Pop.  2181. 

Grey'stone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  W.  of  Chanute. 

Grey'stones,  a  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Wicklow,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bray.     Pop.  238. 

Grey  Town,  San  Juan  de  Nicaragua,  san  ju'an 
(or  sin  Hoo-in')  di  ne-ki-ri'gw4,  or  San  Juan  del 
Norte,  dfil  nor'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Nicaragua,  on  the  E. 
coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  navigable  river  San  Juan.  It 
is  the  principal  seaport  of  Nicaragua.  Lat.  10°  55'  N. ;  Ion. 
83°  43'  W.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  the  export  of  hides, 
india-rubber,  skins,  cocoanuts,  rosewood,  tortoise-shell,  and 
specie.  The  harbor,  once  the  finest  on  the  coast  of  Central 
America,  is  badly  silted  up.  The  communication  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean  is  through  a  healthy  and  eminently  pictu- 
resque country,  and,  by  the  aid  of  steamers  on  the  rivers 
and  on  Lake  Nicaragua,  the  transit  has  been  accomplished 
in  36  hours.    Pop.  1200. 

Grez,  gri,  or  Grez-Doicean,  gri-dwi^so',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Dyle,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2600. 

Grezana,  grSd-z4'ni,  or  Grezzana,  grdt-z&'n&,  a 
village  of  North  Italy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Verona.    Pop.  4073. 

Grez  -  en  -  Bou^re,  gr4z-6N«-boo^aiR',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chl.teau-Gonthier. 

Griazovetz,  Griasowetz,  or  Gijasowez,  gre-&- 
zo-vfits',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Vologda.     Pop.  2174. 

Gri'der,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Glaagow.     It  has  a  church. 

Grid'ley,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  686. 


Gridley,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Peoria,  and  about 
22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-  and  tilfr- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  474. 

Griechenland,  the  German  name  of  Greece. 

Griefswald,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Greifswald. 

Gri^ges,  gre-aizh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  10 
miles  W.  of  Bourg-en-Bresse.     Pop.  1277. 

Grier's  (greerz)  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  oo., 
Pa.,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Gries  (gree  or  grees).  Mount,  an  Alpine  summit,  be- 
tween Piedmont  and  the  Swiss  canton  of  Valais.  Lat.  46° 
27'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  23'  E.  It  is  crossed  by  a  pass  between 
the  Hasli  Valley  and  Domo  d'Ossola,  at  an  elevation  of  7821 
feet.     On  its  S.  side  the  Toce  forms  a  remarkable  cataract. 

Gries,  gree  or  grees,  a  village  of  Alsace,  13  miles  N.  of 
Strasburg.     Pop.  1746. 

Gries,  grees,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol.    Pop.  2301. 

Griesbach,  grees'b&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1182. 

Griesbach,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  9  miles  E.  of  Passau, 
near  the  Austrian  frontier. 

Griesdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Kriesdorf. 

Gries'emersville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Griesheim,  grees'hime,  a  village  of  Hesse,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  3659. 

Grieskirchen,  grees'k6eRK^§n,  a  town  of  Austria,  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1428. 

Grieth,  greet,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine, 
5  miles  E.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  1200. 

Griethausen,  greet'hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Rhine,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  870. 

Griffin,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Ark.,  13  miles  E.  of  Com- 
ing.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Griffin,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Spalding  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  at  its  junction  with  the  Sa- 
vannah, Griffin  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of 
Atlanta,  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Macon.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Griffin  Fe- 
male College,  an  institute  for  boys,  8  churches  (6  white 
and  3  colored),  and  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily  and 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Large  quantities  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3620;  in  1890,  4503. 

Griffin,  a  post-office  of  Cuming  co..  Neb. 

Griffin,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex. 

Griffin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnett  co..  Wis.,  20  miles  E. 
of  Pine  City,  Minn.     Here  are  cranberry-marshes. 

Griffin's,  a  station  in  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rushville. 

Griffin's  Corners,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  valley  of  the  Catskill  Mountains, 
44  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about 
550. 

Griffin's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  2^ 
miles  from  Cold  Spring. 

Griffin's  Cove,  or  Anse  aux  Griffons,  Anss  o  gree^- 
f6N»',  a  post- village  in  Gasp^  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  coast,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Fox  River.     It  has  a  good  fishing-trade. 

Griffin's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Aurora  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Grif'finsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  Chariton  River,  11  miles  S.  of  Melrose  Station.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Griffith  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  Clear  Creek  oo., 
near  Georgetown.    Height,  11,273  feet.    Silver  is  found  here. 

Griffith's,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  A  Delaware  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  Newark,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Griffith's,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Griffith's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  oo.,  N.Y.,  3i 
miles  from  East  Bloomfield. 

Grif  fithsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,  W.  Va., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Grift,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Grebe. 

Grigan,  gre-g&n',  one  of  the  Ladrone  or  Marianne 
Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  18°  48'  N. ;  Ion. 
145°  40'  E.     It  is  about  8  miles  wide,  and  2300  feet  high. 

Grigg's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Griggs'town,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Delft- 
ware  A  Raritan  Canal,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


GRI 


1324 


QRI 


Griggs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  oo.,  111.,  in  Griggs- 
Hlle  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville,  37  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.,  and  4  miles  W. 
of  the  Illinois  River.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  public  school,  a  fruit-evaporator,  Ac,  Pop. 
1400;  of  the  township,  2284. 

Griggsville  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  River,  at  Phillips  Ferry,  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Grignau,  green^y6N>»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dr8me,  44 
miles  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1932. 

Grignano,  green-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  2491. 

Grignasco,  green-yis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  1694. 

Grigno,  or  Grinjo,  green'yo,  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Tyrol,  4  miles  E.S.E,  of  Trent.     Pop.  2010. 

Grignols,  green^yol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 

10  milea  S.W.  of  P6rigueux.     Pop.  1150. 

GrignolS)  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1892. 

Grignoii)  green^yiu"',  a  village  of  France,  in  C8te- 
d'Or,  9  miles  from  Montbard.     Pop.  505, 

Grigny^  green^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  on 
the  river  Rhone,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1898. 

Grigoriopol  y  gre-go-re-o'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Kherson,  on  the  Dniester,  90  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Pop.  6791.     It  has  manufactures  of  silks  and  cottons. 

Grigs'by's,  a  station  in  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Rock- 
port  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Rockport. 

Grigsby's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tex. 

GrijOy  gre'zho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro, 
14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  3032. 

Grijota,  or  Grixota,  gre-Ho't4,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Palencia,     Pop.  1600. 

Gr^ota,  a  river  of  Mexico.     See  Tabasco. 

Grijpskerk,  or  Grypskerk,  grips'kSKk,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Groningen.    Pop.  739. 

Grimaldi,  gre-mil'dee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 

11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3357. 

Grimaud)  gree^mo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Draguignan.    P.  1253. 

Grimaud,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  op  Grimaud. 

Grimberghen,  grim'b5R-gh§n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  South  Brabant,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  3500. 

Grimes,  grimz,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Brazos  and  Navasota  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  in 
its  S.W.  part  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6  Railroad 
and  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Anderson.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,218  j  in  1880,  18,603  :  in  1890. 
21,312. 

Grimes  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  12  miles  from  Arbuckle.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  warehouses. 

Grimesville,  grimz'vil,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Grimlinghausen,  grim'ling-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles  S.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1000. 

Grimm,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas. 

Grimma,  grim'mi,  a  town  of  Saxony,  17  miles  S.E.  of 
Leipsio,  on  the  Mulde.  Pop.  6536.  It  hais  a  normal  school, 
and  manufactures  ,if  woollen  stuffs,  starch,  and  mathematical 
instruments. 

Grimme,  grim'm^h,  or  Grimmen,  grim'm^n,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  15  miles  S.  of  Stralsund.  on  the 
Trebel.    Pop.  3129. 

Grimm's,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  14  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Manitowoc. 

Grimm's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Grimsby,  grimz'be,  or  Great  Grimsby,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Humber,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hull. 
It  has  several  good  streets,  a  fine  cruciform  church,  a 
grammar-school  founded  in  1547,  a  harbor  with  extensive 
docks,  large  warehouses,  establishments  for  ship-building 
and  bone-crushing,  and  manufactures  of  ropes.  The  im- 
ports of  timber,  fish,  and  wool  are  important.  It  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  51  876. 

Grimsby,  grimz'be,  a  post-vUlage  in  Lincoln  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway. 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  4 
•aw-miUs,  an  iron-foundry,  several  stores,  hotels,  churches, 


and  cheese-factories,  and  a  large  trade  in  fruit  and  country^ 
produce.     Pop.  800. 

Grimsel,  grim's^l,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  in  th« 
Bernese  Alps,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Hasli  Valley.  It 
is  crossed  by  a  pass  7126  feet  above  the  sea.  A  corps  of 
Austrians  was  here  dislodged  and  destroyed  by  the  French. 
A  thousand  feet  below  is  a  hospice,  and  a  tarn  which  never 
freezes. 

Grim's  Store,  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Qdeens. 

Grimstad,  grim'stid,  or  Gromstad,  grom'st&d,  a 
seaport  of  Norway,  on  the  Skager-Rack,  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Christiansand.  It  has  a  savings-bank.  Large  vessels  are 
built  here.   The  town  is  engaged  in  foreign  trade.   Pop.  320 

Grim'viile,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Green- 
wich township,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has 
a  tannery,  several  hotels  and  stores,  and  a  church. 

Grinaae,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Grbnaab. 

Grinager,  gre-n&'gh^r,  a  village  of  Norway,  33  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Christiania.     Pop.  3000. 

Grindelwald,  grin'd^l-^&lt^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sohreck- 
horn,  3524  feet  above  the  sea.  Near  it  are  the  glaciers  of 
Upper  and  Lower  Grindelwald.     Pop.  3135. 

Grin'dle  Creek,  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into  the  Tar 
River,  near  its  mouth. 

Grindstone  (grInd'stSn)  City,  a  post-village  of  Hu- 
ron CO.,  Mich.,  in  Port  Austin  township,  94  miles  N,  of  Port 
Huron.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
grindstones.     It  is  on  Lake  Huron. 

Grindstone  Island,  in  Clayton  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.T.,  is  one  of  the  Thousand  Islands  (so  called),  and 
lies  in  the  St.  Lawrence  River.     Pop.  330. 

Grindstone  Island,  an  island  near  the  head  of  the 
Bay  of  Fundy,  Albert  co„  New  Brunswick.  On  it  is  a 
light-house.     Grindstones  are  manufactured  here. 

Grindstone  Island,  one  of  the  most  important  of  the 
Magdalen  group,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  has  an  area 
of  13,700  acres.  At  its  W.  limit  is  the  village  of  Etang  du 
Nord.     Pop.  1052. 

Griqjo,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Grioko. 

Grin^nell',  a  post-village  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grinnell  township,  on  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the 
N.E.  terminus  of  the  Montezuma  Branch  Railroad,  55  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines,  and  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marshall- 
town.  It  is  the  seat  of  Iowa  College  (Congregational), 
which  WU8  organized  in  1848  and  has  about  55U  students 
of  both  sexes  and  a  library  of  14,000  volumes.  Grinnell 
has  2  national  banks,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  gloves  and  leather  goods.  Pop.  in  1890, 
3332;  of  the  township,  4066. 

Grinnell,  a  station  in  Gove  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  141  miles  W.  of  Ellsworth. 

Grinnell,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo. 

Grinnell,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing 
A  North  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Long  Island  City. 

Grinnell  Junction,  or  Montezu'ma  Junction, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  is  3  miles  S.  of  Grinnell, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Montezuma  Branch. 

Grinnell  Land,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  discovered  Sep- 
tember 22,  1850,  by  the  United  States  Grinnell  Expedition 
in  search  of  Sir  John  Franklin,  while  in  lat.  75°  24'  21'' 
N.  A  large  mass  of  land  was  visible,  extending  from  N.W. 
to  N.E.,  with  mountains  in  the  distance  rising  above  the 
clouds.  This  land  was  visited  in  1854  by  the  United  States 
Expedition  under  Dr.  Kane,  and  its  shores  to  the  W.  and 
N.  charted  as  high  as  82°  30'  N.,  Ion.  76°  W.,  being  the 
nearest  land  to  the  pole  yet  discovered.  It  was  then  washed 
by  an  open  polar  sea  presenting  a  surface  of  3000  square 
miles,  entirely  free  from  ice,  and  abounding  in  animal  life 
A  belt  of  solid  ice,  125  miles  wide,  separates  this  sea  from 
the  nearest  southern  land. 

Grinnell's  Island,  one  of  the  Thousand  Islands  in  the 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Clayton  township,  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y. 

Grion,  gree^is"',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  2800  feet  above  the  sea,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lau- 
sanne. In  the  vicinity  is  a  rock  bearing  a  resemblance  to 
the  human  form,  and  known  by  the  name  of  "  La  Pierre 
du  Sauvage." 

Gripeswold,  the  former  name  of  Gbeipswald. 

Griqualand  (gree'kwa-land)  East,  or  New  Grl- 
qualand,  a  dependency  of  the  Colony  of  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  South  Africa,  in  a  former  district  called  Nomansland, 
S.  of  Natal.  Estimated  area,  7594  square  miles.  It  is 
peopled  mainly  by  the  Griquas,  or  Bastaards,  a  people  of 
mixed  Dutch  and  Hottentot  descent.     Pop.  (1891)  152,618. 

Griqualand  West,  a  former  dependency  of  the  Colony 


GRI 


1325 


GRO 


©f  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa,  but  now  incor- 
porated in  and  constituting  4  of  the  70  divisions  of  the 
colony.  This  territory  is  traversed  by  the  Vaal,  and  sep- 
arated from  Griqualand  East  by  the  Orange  Free  State  and 
Basuto  Land.  Its  S.  limit  is  the  Orange  River,  and  on  its 
N.W.  side  is  the  Kalahari  desert.  Here  are  some  of  the 
most  productive  diamond-mines  in  the  world.  Estimated 
area,  16,630  square  miles.  Pop.  (1S91)  83,375.  Its  capital 
was  Griqua  Town,  or  Klaarwater  (now  the  chief  town  of  one 
of  its  divisions),  175  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bloemfontein. 

Grisignana^  gre-seen-y&'n&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Fstria,  24  miles  S.  of  Triest.     Pop.  1388. 

Grisleham,  Grislehamn,  gris'l^h-h&m,  or  Griss- 
elhani)  griss-^l-h&m,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
60  miles  N.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Baltic. 

Grisolia,  gre-so'le-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Paola.     Pop.  2748. 

GrisoUera*  gre-sol-l&'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Venice, 
near  San  Dona.    Pop,  2026. 

GrisoIleS)  gree'zoll',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Qa- 
ronne,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.     Pop.  1914. 

GrisonS)  gree^z6N>»'  (Ger.  Grauhundten,  grow'biint-t^n ; 
Ital.  Grigioni,  gree-j  o'nee ;  Romansch,  Grishun,  gree-shoon' ), 
the  easternmost  and  in  area  the  largest  canton  of  Switzer- 
land. Area,  2975  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  Engadine, 
or  upper  valley  of  the  Inn,  with  the  sources  of  the  Rhine 
and  tributaries  of  the  Po  and  Adda,  being  little  more  than 
a  mass  of  mountains  and  narrow  valleys.  The  scenery  is 
magnificent ;  in  the  canton  there  are  240  glaciers.  Cattle 
form  the  principal  wealth  of  the  inhabitants.  The  chief 
mineral  riches  are  iron,  lead,  and  zinc,  but  few  mines  are 
wrought.  This  canton  formerly  comprised  26  petty  repub- 
lics, united  into  3  high  jurisdictions,  but  in  1848  they  were 
oonsolidated.  Capital,  Chur.  Pop.  in  1890,  94,810,  of 
whom  over  three-fifths  are  Protestants.  One-third  of  the 
people  speak  German,  and  the  rest  mostly  employ  Romansch 
dialects. 

Grisseh,  gris's^h,  Griss6,  gris's^,  Gressic,  grds'sik, 
Gresik^  grSs'ik,  Grissee,  gris'see,  or  Gressie,  grSs'- 
see  (native,  Gdrsik),  a  town  on  the  island  of  Java,  province 
of  Soerabaya,  on  the  Strait  of  Madura.  It  is  populous,  in- 
habited chiefly  by  Javanese  and  Chinese,  and  has  ship- 
building yards,  salt-works,  and  valuable  fish-ponds.  Gris- 
seh  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Java :  here  Mohammedan- 
ism first  took  root  in  the  island,  and  in  its  vicinity  are  nu- 
merous graves  much  revered  by  the  Islamites. 

Grisselham,  Sweden.     See  Grislbham. 

Gris'som,  a  post-office  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 
,  Gris'som's  liand'ing,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  oo., 
Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  30  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.    It 
has  2  churches  and  a  distillery. 

Grist's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  54  miles 
W.  of  Wilmington. 

Griswold,  griz'w9ld,  a  post-township  of  New  London 
eo.,  Conn.,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Quinebaug  River. 
Pop.  3113.  It  contains  several  villages,  which  have  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  paper. 

Griswold,  or  Pachaug,  patch-og',  a  hamlet  of  New 
London  co.,  Conn.,  in  Griswold  township,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Jewett  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

GrisAVold,  a  hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  about  40 
miles  E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Griswold,  a  station  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Vincennes,  Ind. 

Griswold,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  about  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  752. 

Griswold,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Griswold,  a  station  on  the  Bufialo  division  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Griswold's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  W.  of  Fort  Ann.     Pop.  about  300. 

Griswold's  Upper  Mill,  or  Wil'lis  Place,  a  vil- 
lage of  Colerain  township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  North 
River.  It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a  saw-mill,  and  is  1  mile 
N.  of  Griswoldville. 

Griswoldville,  griz'wgld-vll,  a  post-village  of  Jones 
ijo.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Macon. 
It  has  a  grist-mill.  Here  a  sharp  action  occurred  between 
the  Confederate  and  Union  forces,  November  22,  1864. 

Griswoldville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
In  Colerain  township,  on  the  North  River,  4  miles  N.  of 
Bhelburne  Falls.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill.  See 
Qriswold's  Upper  Mill. 

Grivegnee,  greeVfin^yi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  a  suburb 
•f  Liege,  on  the  Ourthe,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  6234. 


Grixota,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Grijota. 

Grizon,  gre-zon'  (Fr.  pron.  gree*z6N"')>  on*  of  th« 
Grenadines,  West  Indies,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Grenada.  Lat. 
12°  20'  N.;  Ion.  61°  37'  W. 

Grizz'iy  Flat,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  gold-mines  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Grizzly  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Sawatch 
Range,  is  about  7  miles  W.  of  La  Plata  Mountain.  Its 
altitude  is  computed  to  be  13,962  feet  above  sea-level. 

Gijasowez,  Russia.     See  Griazovetz. 

Groaix  or  Groais,  island,  France.    See  Groix. 

Groat's  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.  side  of  Bona- 
vista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  near  Green's  Pond. 

Gro'by,  or  Groo'by,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  4 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Leicester.     Pop.  515. 

Grobzig,  grob'zio,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  An- 
halt,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  2447. 

Grochow,  gro-Kov',  a  village  of  Russian  Poland,  3 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  combat 
between  the  Poles  and  Russians,  February  19  and  21, 1831. 

Grode,  gro'd^h,  an  islet  of  Prussia,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Sleswick,  10  miles  W.  of  Bredstedt. 

Grodek,  gro'dfik,  or  Grudek,  groo'dSk,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  812. 

Grodek,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Grudek. 

Groden,  gro'd^n,  or  Gardena,  gaR-d4,'ni,  a  remark- 
able valley  of  Tyrol,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Brixen. 

Grodno,  grod'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  govern- 
ment of  the  same  name,  90  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vilna. 
Pop.  31,060.  It  has  a  fine  castle,  9  Roman  Catholic  and  2 
Greek  churches,  a  synagogue,  gymnasium,  school  of  medi- 
cine, public  library,  several  scientific  collections,  botanic 
garden,  and  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Grodno,  a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat. 
52°  and  64°  N.  and  Ion.  24°  and  26°  E.  Area,  14,961 
square  miles.  Surface  generally  level.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Niemen,  Bug,  Narew,  and  Pripets.  Much  rye,  flax, 
hops,  and  hemp  are  grown,  and  the  forests  are  extensive. 
Mineral  products  comprise  iron,  chalk,  nitre,  and  building- 
stone.  The  agricultural  produce  is  sent  to  the  Baltic  ports, 
both  by  land  and  by  the  Niemen  Canal.  Grodno  is  subdi- 
vided into  8  circles.  Principal  towns,  Grodno,  the  capital, 
Brest-Litovsk,  Slonim,  and  Volkovisk.  The  people  of 
the  N.  are  mostly  Lithuanians,  and  elsewhere  Ruthenians. 
The  country  was  once  a  part  of  Poland.     Pop.  1,008,621. 

Grodzisco,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Gratz. 

Groede,  groo'd§h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Middelburg.     Pop.  2559. 

Groenendi^k,  groon'fn-dik\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Zealand,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Goes. 

Groenland,  the  Danish  name  of  Greenland. 

Groenlo,  groonHo',  sometimes  written  Grol,  grol,  or 
Grolle,  grol'l^h  (L.  Gro'lia),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderiand,  19  miles  E.S.E.-of  Zutphen.     Pop.  2469. 

Groesbeck,  gross'bdk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co., 
0.,  in  Colerain  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  a  church. 

Groesbeck,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Limestone  co,, 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  &,  Texas  Central  Railroad,  96  miles  S. 
of  Dallas,  and  71  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  brick- 
factory,  and  a  soda-water  factory.     Pop.  fi63. 

Groesbeek,  groos^bik',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderiand,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Nymwegen.  Pop.  of 
commune,  3657. 

Groflf's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Bird  in  Hand.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Grohnde,  gron'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Weser,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hameln.  It  contains  a  castle, 
and  has  a  custom-house  and  a  building-dock.     Pop.  890. 

Groisy,  grwi^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie, 
7  miles  from  Annecy.     Pop.  1533. 

Groitzsch,  groitch,  a  town  of  Saxony,  1  mile  S.E.  of 
Pegau,  with  large  manufactures  of  shoes.     Pop.  3681. 

Groix,  grwi,  Groaix,  gro-ix',  or  Groais,  gro-&',  a 
small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Louis.     Pop.  4462. 

Grol,  or  Grolle,  Netherlands.    See  Groenlo. 

Grole,  a  fishing  settlement,  Newfoundland,  on  the  B 
side  of  Hermitage  Bay,  16  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.    P.  120. 

Gr5mitz,  gro'mits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  oa 
the  Gulf  of  Lubeck,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  1070. 

Gromo,  gro'mo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  proviuM 
and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  779. 

Gromstadi  a  town  of  Norway.    See  Grimstad. 


GRO 


13126 


GRO 


Gronau,  gro'nSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  Leine.     Pop.  1927. 

Gronan,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Mttnster,  on  the  Dinkel.     Pop.  1233. 

Grondines,  grftnMeen'  (Fr.  pron.  grduo'deen'),  a  post- 
Tillage  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  48  miles  above  Quebec.  It  has  2  light-houses, 
and  contains  6  stores  and  a  grist-mill.  A  steamboat  from 
Quebec  calls  twice  a  week.     Pop.  400. 

Grondsveld,  Netherlands.    See  Gronsveld. 

Grone,  gron,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Safine  27 
miles  N.  of  Micon,  after  a  N.B.  course  of  about  42  miles. 

Grone,  gro'n^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  a 
small  stream  of  the  same  name,  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Leine,  near  Gottingen.     Pop.  1301. 

Gronenbacb,  gron'§n-biK\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1712. 

Gron'gar  Hill,  of  Wales,  on  the  Towy,  eo.  and  about 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carmarthen. 

Groningen,  gron'ing-§n  (Dutch  pron.  Hro'ning-H^n  ; 
Fr.  Oroningue,  gro^niu"' ;  L.  Grronin'ga),  a  fortified  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  at 
a  railway  junction,  92  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  the  town  house  and  the  church  of  St. 
Jmirtin.  It  has  a  university,  founded  in  1614,  extensive 
warehouses,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  a  public  library 
and  botanic  garden,  a  gymnasium,  school  for  deaf,  dumb, 
and  blind,  an  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  and  several  learned 
societies.  Its  port  is  accessible  for  large  vessels  by  canal ; 
it  has  ship-building  yards,  paper-mills,  and  an  extensive 
trade  in  cattle,  butter,  rape-seed,  and  grain.  It  communi- 
cates by  canals  with  Leeuwarden,  Winschoten,  and  Delfzyl, 
and  is  a  place  of  great  wealth.     Pop.  (1892)  57,967. 

Groningen,  the  northernmost  province  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, is  flat,  low,  and  partly  exposed  to  the  inundations 
of  the  sea.  It  is  rich  in  pasturage,  but  marshy  in  the  S.E. 
The  climate  is  humid  and  unhealthy.  Area,  908  square 
miles.  It  is  divided  into  the  districts  of  Appingedam,  Gron- 
ingen, and  Winschoten.  Capital,  Groningen.  Pop.  in  1875, 
238,662  ;  in  1892,  279,397. 

Groningen,  gron'ing-Qn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
23  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  695. 

Groningen,  or  Marktgroningen,  maRkt-gron'ing- 
?n,  a  town  of  Wlirtemberg,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stuttgart. 
Pop.  2480. 

Groningen,  gron'ing-^n,  a  hamlet  of  Ottawa  co., 
Mioh.,  li  miles  from  Zeeland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
saw-mill  and  a  brick-yard. 

GrOnland,  the  Danish  name  of  Greenland. 

Gronsand,  gron'soond,  a  channel  of  Denmark,  about 
0  miles  in  length,  separating  the  islands  of  Falster  and 
Moen,  and  giving  a  communication  between  the  Baltic  and 
the  Great  Belt. 

Gronsveld,  grons'f81t\  or  Grondsveld,  gronds'filt', 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Maestricht.     Pop.  1778. 

Grooby,  a  village  of  England.    See  Grobv. 

Groom's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y:,  in  Clifton  Park  township,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany. 

Grooms'port,  a  fishing  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Down, 
i  miles  N.W.  of  Donaghadee. 

Grooms'ville,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind. 

Grootebroeck,  gro't^h-brook^  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, North  Holland,  3  miles  W.  of  Enkhuysen.    P.  1927. 

Groote  Eylandt,  gro't§h  i'lint  (i.e.,  "  great  island"), 
the  largest  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  in  North  Aus- 
tralia, off  its  W.  coast.  Lat.  14°  S.;  Ion.  136°  40'  E. 
Greatest  length  and  breadth,  about  40  miles  each. 

Grootegast,  gro't§h-gist\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  province  and  12  miles  W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  700. 

Groote  (gro't^h)  River,  several  rivers  of  Cape  Colony, 
in  South  Africa,  one  of  which  joins  the  Great  Doom,  after 
a  W.N.W.  course  of  84  miles. 

Grootzundert,  grot'zunMfiRt,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Murk,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Breda.     Pop.  of  commune,  4071. 

Groo'vervilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga.,  on 
'#  m'^''^*"*^^'^  *  ^^^^  Railroad,  at  Dixie's  Station,  19  miles  E. 
of  Thomasville.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  turpentine. 

Gropeiio,  gro-p4l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Pftvia.     Pop.  2633.  ^ 

Grosio,  gro'se-o,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
and  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sondrio,  on  the  Adda.     Pop.  2477. 

Gros'mont,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Monmouth.     Pop.  742. 

Grosotto,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Grossotto. 


Gro  8  s ,  groce,  a  German  word  signifying  "  great,"  prefixed 
to  many  names,  as  Gross  Glogac,  Ac. 

Grossalmerode,  groce-iPm^h-ro'd^h,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  Hesse-Nassau,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cassel.     P.  2462. 

Gross  Andra,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Endred. 

Gross  Aspern,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Aspern. 

Gross  Anpa,  groce  5w'p&,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia, 
circle  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2600. 

Gross  Bartlof,  groce  baRt'l&f,  a  village  of  Prussia,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Heiligenstadt.     Pop.  1108. 

Gross  Becskerek,  Hungary.   See  Nagt  Becskerek. 

Gross  Beeren,  groce  bi'r^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Potsdam,  the  scene  of  a  victory  gained  by 
the  Prussians  over  the  French  on  the  22d  and  23d  of  August, 
1813.     Pop.  615. 

Gross  Bieberan,  groce  bee'b^h-r&n^  a  town  of  Hesse, 
province  of  Starkehburg.     Pop.  1565. 

Gross  Bitesch,  groce  be-tesh',  a  fortified  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 31  miles  N.  of  Znaym.     Pop.  2200. 

Gross  Biittersdorf,  groce  blit't^rs-doRf*  (Pr.  Oro»- 
Bliederatroff,  gro-bleeMSRsHroff'),  a  village  of  Germany,  ia 
Lorraine.     Pop.  1865. 

Gross  Breitenbach,  Germany.    See  Bbeitenbach. 

Grossbottwar,  grooe-bott'^aR,  a  town  of  Wiirtem> 
berg,  6  miles  from  Marbach.     Pop.  2235. 

Gross  Britannien*    See  Great  Britaik. 

Gross  Dietweil,  Switzerland.    See  Ditwtl. 

Gross  Eislingen,  Wiirtemberg.    See  Eislingen. 

Grosse  Isle,  gross  eel,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  cw^ 
Mich.,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  Detroit  River, 
and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Detroit.  The  island  contains  3  churches,  a  summer  hotel, 
a  union  school,  vineyards,  a  custom-house,  <fcc.     Pop.  700. 

Grosse  Isle,  gross  eel,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
29  miles  below  Quebec,  and  opposite  the  village  of  St. 
Thomas.     It  is  used  as  a  quarantine  station. 

Grosselfingen,  grfts's^l-fing^Qn,  a  town  of  Germany, 

3  miles  W.  of  Hechingen.     Pop.  800. 
Grossenhain,  gr63'sfn-bine\  a  town  of  Saxony,  at  • 

railway  junction,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dresden,  on  the  RSder. 
It  has  dye-works,  print-works,  cloth-factories,  cotton-milla, 
Ac.     Pop.  10,438. 

Grossenlinden,  gr6s's9n-linM9n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  4 
miles  S.  of  Giessen.    Pop.  1269. 

Grossenliider,  gr6s'8Qn-liiM9r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Fuld%  on  the  LUder. 

Grossenstein,  gris's^n-stine',  a  village  of  Saxe-Al- 
tenburg,  2i  miles  N.  of  Ronneburg.     Pop.  940. 

Gross  Enzersdorf,  Austria.    See  Bnzbrsdorf. 

Grosse  (groce)  Point,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  oo., 
Mich.,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Detroit,  is  bounded  on  the  B. 
by  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  contains  a  scattered  village  of  the  same 
name.     Pop.  2193. 

Grosser  Ocean,  a  German  name  for  the  Pacifio. 

Grossetdte  Bayou,  groce^t&t'  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana, 
commences  in  Point  Coup6e  parish,  and  flows  S.E.  to 
Plaquemine  Bayou. 

Grosseto,  gros-s&'to,  or  Grosset'to,  a  fortified  town 
of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Grosseto,  at  a  railway 
junction,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Siena.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  fine  cathedral  and  large  salt-works.     Pop.  4151. 

Grosseto,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  bounded 
westward  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  1686  square  miles. 
It  includes  a  large  part  of  the  Maremma,  and  is  in  part  very 
barren  and  unhealtny.     Capital,  Grosseto.     Pop.  107,457. 

Gross  Gerau,  groce  gi'rSw,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2638. 

Gross  Glockner,  groce  glok'n^r,  a  pyramidal -shaped 
mountain  in  the  Noric  Alps,  on  the  borders  of  Salzburg,  the 
Tyrol,  and  Carinthia,  has  2  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  ia 
13,100  feet  in  elevation.  Its  summit  afl'ords  one  of  the 
grandest  views  in  Central  Europe. 

Gross  Glogau,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Glooau. 

Gross  Kreutz,  groce  kroits,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  10  miles  W.  of  Potsdam,  on  a  railway. 

Gross'man's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  West  Baton 
Rouge  parish.  La. 

Gross  Marosch,  Hungary.    See  Nagv  Maros. 

Gross  Meseritsch,  groce  m4'z§r-itch,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 19  miles  E.  of  Iglau,  on  the  Oslawa.     Pop.  4961. 

Gross  Michel,  the  German  for  Nagt  Mihaly. 

Grossotto,  gros-sot'to,  or  Grosotto,  gro-sot'to,  a 
village  of  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sondrio. 
Pop.  1998. 

Grossrdhrsdorf,  groce-roRs'doBf,  a  town  of  Saxony, 

4  miles  S.  of  Pulsnitz.  Pop.  4452.  It  has  manufaotorei 
if  linen  cloths  and  tape. 


GRO 


1327 


GRO 


Gross  Salze,  groce  s&lt'sd,,  a  town  of  Prussia,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  and  adjacent  to 
Schonebeck.     Pop.  2932. 

Gross  Schutzen,  Hungary.    See  Nagt  Levard. 

Gross  Steffelsdorf,  Hungary.    See  Riua  Szohbath. 

Grosswardein,  groce-waR'dine  (Hun.  Nagy  Varad, 
nSdj  vi'rSd),  a  city  of  Hungary,  capital  of  tbe  county  of 
Bihar,  on  the  Eoros,  137  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buda.  It  con- 
sists of  a  fortress  and  8  suburbs.  Chief  edifices,  3  cathe- 
drals and  a  bishop's  palace.  It  has  a  royal  academy,  a 
gymnasium,  a  national  and  a  Greek  school.  In  its  vicinity 
are  several  hot  mineral  springs.  It  is  the  see  of  2  Catholic 
bishops,^-one  of  the  Latin  and  one  of  the  Roumanian  rite,— 
also  of  a  Greek  bishop.     Pop.  28,698. 

Grosvenor,  gro've-n^r,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Lenawee  cc,  Mich.,  in  Palmyra  township,  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railroad,  59  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit,  and  also 
on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian. 
It  is  sometimes  called  Blissfield  Junction. 

Grosvenor  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Thompson  township,  on  the  French  River,  and 
on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Nor- 
wich.    It  has  a  chapel  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Gros  Ventre  (gro  vent'r)  Creek  rises  near  Fremont 
Peak,  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  westward, 
and  enters  the  Snake  River  about  13  miles  S.  of  Mount 
Hayden.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

GrotoUy  graw'tpn,  a  post-township  of  New  London  oo., 
Conn.,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  river  Thames,  which  separates  it  from  the 
city  of  New  London.  It  contains  villages  named  Groton, 
Noank,  West  Mystic,  and  Poquonock  Bridge,  and  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.  Here  is 
Fort  Griswold,  on  the  site  of  an  old  fort  of  the  same  name, 
the  garrison  of  which  was  massacred  by  the  tory  troops 
tinder  Benedict  Arnold  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
Groton  is  on  the  Providence  division  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.     Pop.  5539. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Gro- 
ton township,  31  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Worcester.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  public  library,  the  Lawrence  Acad- 
emy, which  has  an  endowment  of  $80,000,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  paper.     Pop.  of  township,  2057. 

Groton,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  contains  North  Groton, 
and  has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  in  1890,  464. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gro- 
ton township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Auburn,  and  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
type-writing-machines,  iron  bridges,  and  laundry-hard- 
ware.    Pop.  1280  ;  of  the  township,  8572. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  19  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  684. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  Wells 
River,  28  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  Groton  Institute,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
bobbins,  &C. 

Groton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Groton  township, 
Erie  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Fremont. 

Groton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Groton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Groton  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Yt.,  on  the 
Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Groton. 

Grottaglie,  grot-til'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  8747. 

Grottamare,  grot-ti-mi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fermo,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
3797.     It  has  manufactures  of  sugar  and  liquorice-extract. 

Grottaminarda,  grot'ti-mee-nau'dS,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Avellino,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ariano.    Pop.  4769. 

Grottau,  grot'tow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Bunz- 
lau.    Pop.  2202.    It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  linens. 

Grotte,  grot'ti,  a  village  of  Sicily,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
Qirgenti,  on  the  side  of  a  rocky  hill.     Pop.  7306. 

Grotte  di  Castro,  grot'ti  dee  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Rome,  circle  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  3375. 

Grotteria,  grot-ti-ree'i,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Catanzaro,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gerace.    Pop.  5223. 

Grottkau,  grott'kSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  railway  from  Neisse  to  Brieg,  25  miles  W.  of  Oppeln. 
Pop.  4329.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  tobacco,  &c. 

Grottole,  grot'to-l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Basiento, 
31  miles  E.S.E  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2555. 


GrOtzingen,  grSt'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  ia 
Baden,  4  miles  E.  of  Carlsruhe,  on  the  Pfinz.  Pop.  2350. 
It  has  a  metal-button-factory. 

Grdtzingen,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  10  miles  S.  of 
Stuttgart.     Pop.  933. 

Grotzka,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Krotzka. 

Grouse,  grCwss,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co..  111. 

Grouse  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah. 

Grout,  a  post-township  of  Gladwin  co.,  Mich.     P.  119. 

Grout's  Corner,  Mass.    See  Miller's  Falls. 

Gronw,  grSwv,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  on  the  Grouw,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Sneek.     Pop.  2031. 

Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  111.    Pop.  1094. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  273. 

Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlantic. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missouri 
line.    Pop.  1101. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  327. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     P.  507. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  663. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  591. 
It  contains  Meier's  Grove. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1414 
It  contains  Swain. 

Grove,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1093. 

Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Troy  town- 
ship, 5  miles  N.  of  Garrettsville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.  Pop.  440. 
Grove  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &,  Erie  Railroad  is  ^ 
miles  S.E.  of  Driftwood. 

Grove  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.T.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Nunda  Station. 

Grove  City,  a  post- village  of  Christian  co..  111.,  about 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  public  school. 

Grove  City,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop,  349. 

Grove  City,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  6  or  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  hns  3  churches.     Pop.  272. 

Grove  City,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Mercer.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  col- 
lege, a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  1160. 

Grove  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.,  16 
miles  N.  of  St.  James  Station. 

Grove  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala., 
84  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mobile,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  225. 

Grove  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Waverly. 

Grove  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Ya.,  about  38 
miles  N.  of  Charlottesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Grove  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
336.     It  contains  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Grove'land,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  60 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Modesto.  It  has  2  churches,  a  quartc- 
mill,  and  a  gold-mine.     Pop.  about  600. 

Groveland,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.  Pop.  1561. 
It  contains  New  Rutland. 

Groveland,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  in 
Groveland  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  <i:  Southwestern 
Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peoria,  and  8  miles  E.  oi 
Pekin.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  150 ;  of  the  township,  1323. 
The  Illinois  River  touches  the  N.W.  part  of  the  township. 

Groveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  67. 

Groveland,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa. 

Groveland,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Groveland,  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.    P.  321. 

Groveland,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River,  in  Groveland  township, 
and  on  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad  (Newburyport  di- 
vision), 34  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Haver- 
hill. It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  common  schools,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  The  township  contains  another  village 
called  South  Groveland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2191. 

Groveland,  a  post-township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich,, 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Pontiac.     Pop.  1095. 

Groveland,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  Conesus  Lak« 
touches  its  northeastern  part.  The  township  contains  % 
hamlet  named  Hunt's  Corners.     Pop.  1373. 


GRO 


1328 


QRU 


Groveland  Park,  a  station  in  St,  Clair  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Grove  Level,  a  post-oflSce  of  Banks  co.,  Ga. 

Gro'venor*8  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
to.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlisle  township,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Central 
Bridge.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Grove  Oak,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Groveport,  grov'port,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Hocking  Valley  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  manufactory  of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  627. 

Gro'ver,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas. 

Grover,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  9  miles  from 
Knobnoster.  It  has  several  churches  near  it,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  of  Grover  township,  1233. 

Grover,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Canton 
township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  tannery, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Grover  Bank,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Steelville. 

Grover's,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Lawrence. 

Gro'vertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Plymouth,     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  71. 

Grove  Run,  Maryland.    See  Grave  Run  Mills. 

Groves,  grovz,  or  Fair'view,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fa- 
yette CO.,  Ind.,  in-  Fairview  township,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  an  academy,  a  carriage-shop,  <fco. 

Grove  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 

Grove  Spring,  a  steamboat-landing  in  Yates  oo., 
N.Y,,  on  the  E,  bank  of  Keuka  Lake,  16  miles  S.  of  Penn 
Yan,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Hammondsport. 

Grove  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co,,  S.C., 
on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  8i  miles  S.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  college. 

Grove'ton,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  N.H,,  on  the 
Ammonoosuo  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad, 
145  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord,  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  graded  school.  Groveton  Station  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad  is  1  mile  E,  of  Groveton  Junction. 

Groveton,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  3i 
miles  E,  of  Gainesville. 

Grove'town,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad. 

Grove'ville,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in  Hamilton 
township,  f  of  a  mile  from  Yardville  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Grove'wood,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Columbia, 

Grow,  a  township  of  Anoka  co,,  Minn.     Pop.  376. 

Growe,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Grouw. 

Groyne,  an  old  English  name  for  Corunna. 

Grub,  groob,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  N.E,  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  937. 

Grub,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall,  nearly 
adjoining  the  above.     Pop.  1635. 

Grnbb,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky. 

Grubbenvorst,  grub'b§n-voBst',  a  village  of  Dutch 
Limburg,  on  ine  Meuse,  4  miles  N.  of  Venloo.     Pop.  1458. 

Grnbb'town,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co..  Mo. 

Grubb'ville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Grnbe,  groo'b^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  near 
the  Baltic  Sea,  37  miles  E.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  620. 

Grubenhagen,  groo'b^n-hi'gh^n,  an  old  principality 
of  Germany,  now  comprised  in  the  landdrostei  of  Hildes- 
heim,  forming  the  S.E.  portion  of  Hanover,  in  Prussia. 

Grubeschow,  or  Grubieschow,  groo'bees-Kof 
written  also  Hrubeschow,  or  Hrnbieszow,  hroo'-' 
bees-kSff,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Lublin.     Pop.  7563. 

Grudek,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Grodek. 

Grudek,  groo'dfik,  or  Grodek,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Porloha,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  2800, 

Grudziadz,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Graudenz. 

Gruetii,  gru'§t-le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Altamont,     Here  is  a  Swiss  colony. 

Gru'gan,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa,,  traversed  by 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  Pop.  295.  It  con- 
tains Glen  Union,  Whetham,  Ac. 

Grngliasco,  grool-yis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  W. 
•f  Turin.     Pop.  2950. 


Gruissan,  grii^ees^s&iio',  a  seaport  village  of  France,  in 
Aude,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  2382. 

Grnlich,  groo'liK,  the  most  eastern  town  of  Bohemia, 
42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2853. 

Grumberg,  grdom'b^RG,  a  village  of  Moravia,  37  miles 
N.W.  of  Olmutz. 

Grumello,  groo-mil'lo,  or  Grnmello  del  Monte, 
groo-mSrio  dfil  mon'ti,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Cremona,     Pop,  2653. 

Grumello,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Bergamo.     Pop,  1676. 

Grumo,  groo'mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Bari.     Pop.  8132. 

Grumo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  N.  of 
Naples.     Pop.  4612, 

Griina,  grii'ni,  a  town  of  Germany,  kingdom  of  Saxony, 
2  miles  N.  of  Lossnitz,  It  has  important  manufactures  of 
cotton  and  silk  hosiery,  flour,  <fcc.     Pop,  3208, 

Grunan,  groo'nSw,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1960. 

Grunbach,  grd5n'b&K,  a  village  of  Wurtemberg,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Schorndorf.     Pop.  1139. 

Griinberg,  griin'bdRC,  a  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-Hessen, 
14  miles  E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2185. 

Griinberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  20  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Crossen.  Pop.  12,200.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
a  Protestant  and  Catholic  churches,  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  yam,  printed  cottons,  leather,  wine,  floor,  and 
straw  hats,  and  extensive  cultivation  of  vines. 

Grund,  grdSnt,  a  mining  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Clausthal,  in  the  Hari.     Pop.  1660. 

Grun'dy,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois 
River,  to  form  which  the  Des  Plaines  and  Kankakee  Rivers 
unite  in  the  N.E.  part.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  com,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Morris.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,938; 
in  1880,  16,732;  in  1890,  21,024. 

Grundy,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Black 
Hawk  Creek  and  other  small  affluents  of  Cedar  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  A  large  por- 
tion of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  has  mines  of  bituminous 
coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A  Kansas  City 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grundy  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  6399  ; 
in  1880,  12,639;  in  1890,  13,215. 

Grundy,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Crooked 
Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  also  drained  by  Weldon  River 
and  Indian  and  Medicine  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Quinoy, 
Omaha  A  Kansas  City  Railway.  Capital,  Trenton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,667;  in  1880,  15,186;  in  1890,  17,876. 

Grundy,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Elk  and  Rock 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  is  part  of  the  western 
slope  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  soil  produces 
some  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass.  Mines  of  coal  have 
been  opened  in  it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chat- 
tanooga &,  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Altamont.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3250;  in  1880,  4692;  in  1890,  6345. 

Grundy,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Somerset. 

Grundy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Louisa  Fork  of  Sandy  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Abingdon.     It  hiis  a  church. 

Grundy  Centre,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Grundy  oo., 
Iowa,  on  Black  Hawk  Creek,  46  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Vinton,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Iowa  Falls.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  1 1 6  J. 

Griinhain,  griln'hine,  a  town  of  Saxony,  8  miles  W. 
of  Annaberg.     Pop,  1656, 

Griinhainichen,  grtin^hi'niK-fn,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
on  the  Floha,     Pop,  1799. 

Griiningen,  grun'ing-^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  6  miles  S.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  709. 

Griiningen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1463. 

Griinsfeld,  griins'ffilt,  a  village  of  Baden,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  AVertheim.     Pop.  1300. 


GRU 


1329 


GUA 


Griinstadt,  griin'st&tt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  25 
miles  N.N.E,  of  Landau.     Pop.  3531. 

Griinwald,  griin'^&ld,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Bunzlau.     It  haa  glass-works  and  cotton-mills.     Pop.  2536. 

Grusbach,  grSSs'biK,  or  Hrusowany,  h'roo'so-v4*- 
Dee,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Znaim. 
Pop.  1230. 

Grnsia^  a  territory  of  Russia.    See  Georgia. 

Grtttii,  griit'lee,  a  patch  of  meadow-land  in  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Uri,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Lu- 
cerne, 7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altorf,  traditionally  believed  to 
bo  the  place  where  Stauffacher,  Arnold  of  Melchthal,  and 
Walter  Fiirst  met  in  1307  and  planned  the  insurrection 
against  Austria  which  resulted  in  Swiss  independence. 

Griitli,  Tennessee.     See  Gruetli. 

Gruyfere,  or  Gruy^res,  grii'yaiR'  (Ger.  Greyera,  gri'- 
§rs),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Freyburg.  Pop.  1097.  It  has  a  remarkable  castle,  said  to 
have  been  founded  in  the  fifth  century.  In  its  vicinity  the 
famous  Gruyere  cheese  is  made. 

Grybow,  gree'bov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  12 
miles  B.N.E.  of  Alt-Sandec.     Pop.  1140. 

Grypskerk,  Netherlands.    See  Grijpskerk. 

Grzegorzew,  gzhi-goR'z5v,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Warsaw,  4  miles  E.  of  Kolo.     Pop.  500. 

Grzymalow,  gzhe-mi'lov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  3887. 

Gshatsk)  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gzhatsk. 

Gsteig)  g'stig,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern, 
bailiwick  of  Interlachen.     Pop.  816. 

Guabiare,  Colombia,  South  America.    See  Guaviare. 

Guacalera,  gw4-ki-li'ri,  a  small  town  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  province  and  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salta,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Jujuy. 

Guacara,  gwi-ki'ri,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Cara- 
bobo,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  9365. 

Guachinango,  gw3,-che-n4n'go,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Puebla,  103  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico.  In  its  vicinity 
excellent  vanilla  is  raised. 

Guachipe^  gw4-chee'pi,  or  Guachipas,  gwi-chee'- 
p4s,  a  considerable  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
ince of  Salta,  formed  by  several  rivers  rising  in  the  Andes. 
It  flows  E.N.E.  for  190  miles,  and  about  33  miles  S.  of 
:^n1ta  takes  the  name  Salado. 

Guacuba^  gw4-koo'b4,  or  Leon,  14-on',  a  river  of  the 
ri'public  of  Colombia,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  150 
miles,  falls  into  Choco  Bay  in  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Guad  (from  the  Arab.  Wady,  a,  "  t'wgt"),  a  prefix  of 
the  names  of  many  Spanish  rivers  and  towns,  as  Guadiana, 

GUADALETE,  <tc. 

Guadalajara,  or  Guadaiaxara,  gwa,-d4-li-n4'r4 
(anc,  Arriacaf),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Henares,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madrid. 
Pop.  7902.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  magnifi- 
cent palace  of  the  Mendoza  family,  a  Franciscan  church, 
and  some  Moorish  edifices. 

Guadalajara,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  New  Castile,  traversed  by  the  Tagus.  Area,  4869  square 
Jiiles.     Capital,  Guadalajara.     Pop.  208,638. 

Guadalajara,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Jalisco. 

Guadalajara,  or  Guadaiaxara,  gw4-di-l4-H4'r4,  a 
city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Jalisco,  on  the  left 
oank  of  the  Rio  de  Santiago,  275  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Mexico, 
and  about  140  miles  from  the  Pacific.  Lat.  21°  9'  N. ;  Ion. 
103°  2'  15"  W.  It  is  a  large  and  handsome  city,  the  streets 
spacious,  and  the  houses  excellent.  There  are  14  squares, 
12  fountains,  and  a  number  of  convents  and  churches.  In 
the  Plaza  Mayor  is  the  cathedral,  a  magnificent  structure, 
although  its  appearance  was  much  impaired  by  the  great 
earthquake  of  1818.  It  is  finished  externally  in  blue  and 
gold.  On  the  right  side  of  the  same  square  is  the  govern- 
ment house,  in  a  noble  and  severe  style  and  with  a  fine 
facade;  the  arcades  which  line  the  two  sides  of  the  square 
are  very  handsome,  and  are  filled  with  elegant  and  well- 
stocked  shops.  The  town  has  a  bull-ring,  an  opera-house, 
a  hospital,  a  foundling  house,  a  home  for  the  poor,  and  a 
college  for  girls.  The  Alameda,  or  public  walk,  is  beautifully 
laid  out  with  trees  and  flowers,  with  a  fountain  in  the  cen- 
tre, and  a  stream  of  water  all  round.  Various  trades  are 
carried  on  here  with  success,  particularly  those  of  black- 
smithing,  carpentering,  and  silversmithing ;  great  skill  is 
displayed  in  leather-working.  There  are  also  manufactures 
of  shawls,  sweetmeats,  calico,  paper,  and  a  particular  de- 
scription of  earthenware,  a  mint,  and  some  cotton-  and 
woollen-mills.  Guadalajara  was  founded  in  1551,  and  is  an 
archbishop's  see.     Pop.  80,000. 

Guadalaviar,  gw&-D4-l4-ve-aR',  or  Blanco,  bl&n'ko 


(anc.  Tu'ria),  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Albar- 
racin,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  130  miles,  enters  th« 
Mediterranean  3  miles  E.  of  Valencia. 

Guadalcanal,  gw4-D4l-k4-nd,r,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seville.  It  haa  celebrated 
silver-mines.     Pop.  4996. 

Guadalcazar,  gw4-d4l-k&-saR',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  and  55  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of 
San  Luis  Potosi.     It  has  quicksilver-mines.     Pop.  7600. 

Guadalete,  gw4-D4-14't4,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, after  a  S.W.  course  of  75  miles,  enters  the  Bay  of 
Cadiz  by  two  branches. 

Guadalhorce,  gw&-D&l-0R'tb4,  a  river  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  rises  in  the  frontiers  of  Granada,  and  falls  into 
the  Mediterranean  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Malaga. 

Guadalimar,  gwi-ni-le-man',  a  river  of  Spain,  rises 
near  Villa  Verde,  and  joins  the  Guadalquivir  14  miles  N. 
of  Jaen,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Guadalmez,  gw&-D4l-mith',  a  river  of  Spain,  joins 
the  Zuja  at  Ciudad  Real.     Length,  50  miles. 

Guadaloupe,  gw4-d4-loo'p4,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles  from  tne  Pacific  Ocean,  and  about 
20  miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper oflBee,  and  a  brewery.     Pop.  about  400. 

Guadalquivir,  gawMq,l-kwiv'9r  (Sp.  pron.  gw&-D&l- 
ke-vecR';  Arab.  Wad-al-Kebir,  w4d-41-ke-beeR',  "the  great 
river ;"  anc.  Bse'tis),  an  important  river  of  Spain,  rises  in 
the  Sierra  Cazorla,  flows  generally  W.S.W.,  and  enters  the 
Atlantic  18  miles  N.  of  Cadiz.  Length,  280  miles.  Twelve 
miles  below  Seville  it  separates  into  three  branches,  form- 
ing the  islands  of  Isla  Mayor  and  Isla  Menor.  Chief 
aiflucnts  on  the  right,  the  Guadalimar  and  the  Jandula; 
on  the  left,  the  Guadiana  Menor,  Guadajoz,  and  Genii.  It 
is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Cordova. 

Guadalupe,gw4-D4-loo'p4,  a  mountain-range  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  commences  with  the  termination  of  the  Sierra 
de  Montanche,  and  stretches  in  an  easterly  direction  to  the 
source  of  the  Guadarranque,  where  it  is  succeeded  by  the 
mountains  of  Toledo,  lis  culminating  point  has  a  height 
of  5254  feet. 

Guadalupe,  written  also  Guadalope,  a  river  of 
Spain,  in  Aragon,  joins  the  Ebro  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mequi- 
nenza,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  70  miles. 

Guadalupe,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province 
and  95  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  AI- 
tamira.  It  has  a  fine  church  belonging  to  the  famous 
monastery  of  San  Geronimo. 

Guadalupe,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  56  miles  E. 
of  Caceres,  near  the  Sierra  Guadalupe.  Pop.  2600.  It  ia 
a  wretched  place,  grouped  around  a  famous  monastery,  for- 
merly the  "  Loretto  of  Central  Spain,"  which,  although 
despoiled  by  the  French,  still  contains  rich  works  of  art. 

Guadalupe  (commonly  pronounced  gaw-da-loop' ;  Sp, 
pron.  gwi-Di-loo'pi),  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  710  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  San  Marcos  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Cibolo. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  which  passes  through  Seguin,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  7282;  in  1880,  12,202;  in  1890, 
15,217. 

Guadalupe,  a  village  of  Conejos  co.,  Col.,  30  miles 
from  Alamosa  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Guadalupe,  a  post-settlement  of  Kendall  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Guadalupe  River,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Austin. 

Guadalupe,  a  station  in  Victoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Gulf,  Western  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of 
Indian  ol  a. 

Guadalupe,  gw4-di-loo'p4,  an  island  of  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  ofi"  the  coast  of  Lower  California.  Lat.  29°  N.  j  Ion. 
118°  22'  W.     Length,  15  miles. 

Guadalupe,  a  small  river  of  California,  falling  into 
the  S.  extremity  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 

Guadalupe,  or  Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  gw&-d&- 
loo'pi  he-d41'go,  often  called  gaw-da-loop'  he-d&l'go,  a  small 
town,  3i  miles.  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  It  contains  a  col- 
legiate church,  much  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage.  Here  a 
treaty  of  peace  was  concluded,  Feb.  2,  1848,  between  Mex- 
ico  and  the  United  States  By  it  the  territories  of  Upper 
California  and  New  Mexico  were  ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Guadalupe  Mine,  o  mining  village  of  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  Almaden  township,  9  miles  from  San  Jo86.  It 
has  a  mine  of  quicksilver  (cinnabar)  which  yields  nearly 
1000  flasks  of  metal  per  month.     Pop.  about  500. 

Guadalupe  Mountains,  a  group  or  range  of  high* 


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lands  in  New  Mexico  and  Texas,  between  tlie  river  Pecos 
and  the  Rio  Grande.  They  are  continuous  northward,  under 
various  local  names,  with  the  eastern  chains  of  the  Rooky 
Mountains. 

Guadalupe  River,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Kerr  co., 
and  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Comal,  Guada- 
lupe, Gonzales,  &c.  It  enters  the  San  Antonio  River  about 
9  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  nearly  300  miles  long. 

Guadalupe  y  Calvo,  gwi-di-loo'pi  e  kil'vo,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  and  173  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chihuahua,  in  a 
mountainous  district.  It  derives  its  importance  from  the 
«ilver-mines  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  6000. 

Guadarrama,  gwi-Daa-Ri'mi,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins 
the  Tagus  12  miles  below  Toledo.     Length,  70  miles. 

Guadarranque,  gwi-naB-Rin'ki,  a  river  of  Spain, 
joins  the  Guadiana  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Guadasuar,  gwi-Di-swaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1340. 

Guadeloupe,  gaw^da-loop'  or  g4^d§h-loop'  (Sp.  Gua- 
dalupe, gw4-D&-loo'pi),  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  Lee- 
ward group,  one  of  the  principal  French  colonies  in  the 
Atlantic,  lies  between  lat.  16°  47'  and  16°  30'  N.,  Ion.  61°  15' 
and  61°  45'  W.  It  is  composed  of  two  distinct  islands,  sep- 
arated by  an  arm  of  the  sea  called  Riviere  Sal6e  (salt  river). 
The  W.  and  larger  portion  is  Guadeloupe  proper,  divided 
into  Basse-Terre  and  La  Capesterre,  and  is  27  miles  long 
by  about  15  miles  broad.  The  E.  portion,  called  Grande- 
Terre,  is  nearly  30  miles  long  by  10  to  12  miles  brond.  Gua- 
deloupe proper  is  of  volcanic  formation,  and  is  traversed  N. 
to  S.  oy  a  ridge  of  hills ;  the  culminating  points  are  La 
Souffriire,  an  active  volcano,  5108  feet  high,  La  Grosse 
Montague,  Les  Deux  Mamelles,  and  Le  Pitan-de-Bouillante, 
extinct  volcanoes.  Grande-Terre,  on  the  other  hand,  is  gen- 
erally flat,  composed  of  madrepores  and  marine  detritus. 
Guadeloupe  is  watered  by  small  streams  becoming  dry  in 
summer.  The  principal  are  the  Goyaves,  Lamentin,  and 
Lezarde.  The  climate  is  hot  and  unhealthy.  Hurricanes 
are  frequent  and  destructive.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well 
cultivated,  covered  with  fine  forests  in  the  mountainous, 
untilled  parts,  and  with  mangroves  and  manchineel  trees  on 
the  marshy  coast  of  Basse-Terre.  The  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port, sent  almost  all  to  France,  are  sugar,  coffee,  dye-  and 
cabinet-woods,  rum,  tafia,  cotton,  wool,  annatto,  hides, 
sweetmeats  and  preserves,  copper,  tobacco,  &c.  Imports, 
cotton  manufactures,  hides,  wheat-meal,  salted  butter,  cod- 
fish, olive  oil,  wax  candles,  pottery,  glass-wares,  salted 
meat,  medicines,  Ac.  The  principal  anchorages  of  Guade- 
loupe are  the  Bay  of  Mahault  and  the  roads  of  Basse- 
Terre.  Grande-Terre  possesses  two  anchorages,  Moule  and 
Pointe-i-Pltre :  the  latter,  at  the  S.  entrance  to  the  RiviSre 
Sal^e,  is  esteemed  one  of  the  best  in  the  Antilles,  and  on  it 
is  situated  the  important  town  of  Pointe-a,-P!tre.  Area,  616 
square  miles.  Capital,  Basse-Terre.  Pop.  about  125,000. 
Gaadeloupe  was  first  discovered  by  Columbus  in  1493,  and 
was  thus  named  by  him  in  honor  of  Sainte  Marie  de  la 
Guadeloupe.  It  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  French  in 
1635,  who  kept  it  till  1759,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  English. 
It  was  subsequently  captured  and  recaptured  several  times 
by  these  nations,  and  was  finally  ceded  to  the  French  at 
the  general  peace  in  1814. 

Guadeloupe,  a  colony  of  the  French  West  Indies,  in- 
cludes the  islands  of  Guadeloupe,  Grande-Terre,  St.  Bar- 
tholomew, Marie  Galante,  Les  Saintes,  D6sirade,  and  a  part 
of  St.  Martin.  Area,  716  square  miles.  Capital,  Basse- 
Terre.  Pop.  in  1883,  160,241. 
Guadiana,  Mexico.  See  Durango. 
Guadiana,  gwi-de-1'ni  or  gwi-ne-i'ni  (anc.  A'nat), 
an  important  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  flowing  between 
the  Tagus  and  Guadalquivir.  It  rises  in  La  Mancha,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Villahermosa,  flows  at  first  W.  (and  for  some 
distance  under  ground)  through  North  Castile  and  Spanish 
Estremadura,  then  S.  through  the  Portuguese  province 
Alemtejo  and  between  Algarve  and  Andalusia,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  13  miles  E.  of  Tavira,  after  a  course  of  380 
miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Giguela  and  Gua- 
darranque;  on  the  left,  the  Jabalon,  Sujar,  Ardilla,  and 
Chanza.  Guadiana  is  derived  from  the  Arabic  Wady  and 
Ana,  a  corruption  of  Anas,  the  ancient  name  of  this  river. 
Guadiana  Menor,  gwl-ne-i'ni  mi-non',  a  river  of 
Spam,  in  Andalusia,  joins  the  Guadalquivir  4  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ubeda,  after  a  tortuous  course  of  30  miles. 

Guadiaro,  gwi-ne-i'ro,  a  river  of  Spain,  enters  the 
Mediterranean  11  miles  N.E.  of  Gibraltar,  after  a  generally 
S.  course  of  40  miles. 

Guadiato,  gwi-ne-i'to,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Gua- 
dalquivir 17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cordova,  after  a  very  tortuous 
ooorse  of  about  70  miles. 


Gnadiela«  gw&-De-&'l&,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Tagus 
45  miles  E.  of  Madrid.    Total  course,  65  miles. 

Guadix,  gwi-necH'  (Arab.  Wadi-A»h,  wi'dee-ish, 
"river  of  life"),  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  42  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  Guadix.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls  and  mulberry-plantations.  It  contains  a  cathedral 
and  a  Moorish  castle,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  10,154. 

Gnaduas,  gwi'owis,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, in  Cundinamarca,  near  the  Magdalena,  45  miles  N.W. 
of  Bogota,  and  8700  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  4000. 

Guafo,  gw&'fo,  or  Huafo,  nw&'fo,  an  island  in  the 
Pacific,  off  the  coast  of  Chili,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Chiloe. 

Guahall,  gwa'hall,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  off  Corn- 
wall, England. 

Guahan,  gw&-hin',  San  Jnan,  s&n  Hoo-in',  or 
Guam,  gw&m,  the  southernmost  and  largest  of  the  La- 
drone  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  13°  27'  N. ;  Ion. 
145°  E.  It  is  about  100  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  surrounded 
by  coral  reefs.     Capital,  Agana.     It  belongs  to  Spain. 

Guaianeco,  gwi-&-n&'ko,  an  island  group  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Patagonia,  lat.  47°  41'  S.,  Ion.  74°  55'  W.,  com- 

fosed  of  two  principal  islands — the  westernmost  called  Byron 
sland,  and  the  easternmost  Wager  Island,  separated  from 
each  other  by  Bundle's  Passage — and  of  many  smaller  islets. 

Guaicuhi,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Velhas. 

Guainia,  gwi'ne-&,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Vene- 
zuela, joins  the  Cassiquiare  to  form  the  Rio  Negro. 

Guaiteca,  a  gulf  of  Patagonia.     See  Gcayteuas. 

Gutyaba,  or  Guaxaba,  gw&-H&'b&,  a  small  island  off 
the  N.  coast  of  Cuba.     Lat.  21°  50'  N.;  Ion.  77°  28'  W. 

Gualala,  gw&-l&'l&,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  oo., 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  40  miles  W.  of  Cloverdale.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  236. 

Gualan,  gw4-lin',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Guate- 
mala, near  the  Montagua,  and  80  miles  E.N.t).  of  the  city 
of  Guatemala.     Pop.  2000. 

Gualateiri,  gw&-l&-t&-e-ree',  a  mountain-peak  of  the 
Andes,  near  the  boundary-line  of  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Lat. 
20°  13'  S. ;  Ion.  69°  17'  W.     Height,  21,960  feet. 

Gualclios,  gw&l'choce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Granada,  12  miles  E.  of  Motril.     Pop.  2528. 

Gualdo,  gw&l'do,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Perugia.     Pop.  3159. 

Gualdo  Tadino,  gw&l'do  t&-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Perugia,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Foligno.    P.  7799. 

Gualeguachu,  gwiMi-gwi-choo',  a  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  on  the  navigable  Rio  Gualeguachd,  9 
miles  from  its  month  in  the  Uruguay,  and  50  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Gualeguay.     It  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  9776. 

Gualeguay,  or  Gualeyguay,  gwi-lA-gwi',  a  town 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  Entre  Rios,  9  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Porto  Ruiz,  a  hamlet  on  the  navigable  Rio  Gualeguay. 
It  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  7235. 

Gualillas,  gwi-leel'yis,  a  mountain-pass  in  the  Peru- 
vian Andes,  South  America,  25  miles  N.E.  from  Taona,  in 
lat.  17°  50'  S.     Height,  14,750  feet. 

Gualior,  a  state  of  India.     See  Gwalior. 

Gualtieri,  gw4l-te-i'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Reggio 
neir  Emilia,  16  miles  N.  of  Reggio,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  5684. 

Guam,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Guahak. 

Guama,  gw&'m&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state  of  Pari,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Guajara 
nenr  the  town  of  Belem  or  Para. 

Guamachuco,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Huauachuco. 

Guamanga,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Ayacucho. 

Guamo,  gwi'mo,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Tolima.     Pop.  9193. 

Guamoco,  gw4-mo'ko,  a  decayed  town  of  South  Amer- 
ica, republic  of  Colombia,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Antioquia. 

Guamote,  gwi-mo'ti,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  near  Gua- 
yaquil, on  an  island  formed  by  two  rivers,  and  surrounded 
by  lofty  mountains. 

Guana,  gw&'n4,  several  islands  of  the  West  Indies,  the 

frincipal  being  off  the  N.  coast  of  Abaco,  Bahamas.  It  is 
7  miles  in  length  bj'  2J-  miles  in  breadth. 
Guanabacoa,  gw4-n4-b4-ko'&,  a  town  and  sea-bathing 
place  of  Cuba,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Havana.  Pop.  16,402. 
Guanacache,  gwi-nS,-ki'ch4,  a  lagoon  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  lat.  31°  40'  S.,  Ion.  68°  30'  W.,  between  the 
provinces  of  Mendoza  and  San  Juan.  It  forms  a  series  of 
lakes  and  marshes,  studded  with  many  islands,  and  receiving 
the  Desaguadero  and  other  rivers. 

Guanacas,  or  Paramo  de  Guanacas,  p4'r4-mo 
d4  gw4-n4'k48,  a  mountain-knot  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, South  America,  in  the  Andes,  where  they  separate  into 
three  lateral  Cordilleras,  at  the  sources  of  the  Magdalena 
and  Cauca  Rivers.     Lat.  2°  N. ;  Ion.  76°  W. 


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Gnanahani,  one  of  the  Bahamas.    See  Cat  Island. 

Gaanahau,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Akava, 

Guansya,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.    See  Bonacca. 

Gaanajay,  gw4-ni-Hi',  a  town  of  Cuba,  45  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Havana.     Pop.  3989. 

Guantuuato,  or  Guanaxuato,  gw4-n&-Hw&'to,  a 
state  of  Mexico,  between  lat.  20°  30'  and  21°  44'  N.,  Ion. 
99°  59'  and  101°  47'  W.,  bounded  N.  by  the  states  of  San 
Luis  Potosi  and  Zacatecas,  W.  by  Jalisco,  S.  by  Michoacan, 
and  B.  by  Queretaro.  Area,  11,410  square  miles.  It  is 
mountainous,  and  traversed  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  by  the  Cor- 
dillera of  Anahuac,  whose  culminating  point  is  9711  feet 
high.  The  only  important  river  is  the  Rio  Grande.  The 
mines  of  this  state  are  the  richest  in  the  world,  yielding 
gold,  silver,  lead,  tin,  iron,  antimony,  sulphur,  cobalt,  ochre, 
salts,  crystals,  marble,  Ac,  the  yield  of  silver  being  of 
especial  importance.  The  precious  metals  and  spices  form 
the  chief  exports  of  the  state.  Capital,  Guanajuato.  Pop. 
in  1882,  968,113. 

Gnanfuuato,  or  Guanaxuato,  a  city  of  Mexico, 
capital  of  the  above,  in  lat.  21°  N.,  Ion.  101°  W.,  160  miles 
N.W.  of  Mexico,  singularly  situated  in  deep,  narrow  moun- 
tain-defiles, 6017  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  formed  of  a 
number  of  villages  placed  round  the  mines,  and,  being  built 
on  extremely  uneven  ground,  the  streets  are  very  steep,  and 
so  tortuous  that  no  idea  can  be  formed  of  the  extent  of  the 
town  but  by  ascending  the  heights  by  which  it  is  overlooked. 
The  houses,  however,  are  in  general  well  built,  of  hewn 
stone,  and  are  extremely  handsome,  particularly  those  be- 
longing to  the  proprietors  of  the  neighboring  mines.  The 
town  contains  several  elegant  churches,  numerous  chapels, 
and  other  religious  edifices.  The  Alhondiga,  a  large  public 
granary,  is  a  remarkable  edifice.  Guanajuato  owes  its  ex- 
istence and  importance  to  the  gold-  and  silver-mines  in  its 
vicinity,  the  richest  in  Mexico.  It  has  a  large  mint.  There 
are  in  the  town  some  manufactories  of  soap,  woollen  cloth, 
linen,  powder,  and  tobacco,  also  some  tanneries.  Guana- 
juato was  founded  by  the  Spaniards  in  1545,  constituted  a 
town  in  1619,  and  invested  with  the  privileges  of  a  city  in 
1751.     Pop.  63,000. 

GnanaparO)  gwi-ni-pi'ro,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  after 
an  E.  course  of  about  230  miles,  joins  the  Portuguesa  30 
miles  N.W.  of  San  Fernando  de  Apure. 

Gnafiape  (gwin-yi'pi)  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  off 
the  coast  of  Peru,  lat.  8°  27'  S.,  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Trujillo.     They  have  afforded  much  guano. 

Guanare,  gw8,-ni'Ki,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of 
Portuguesa,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Trujillo.     Pop.  4674. 

Guanarito,  gw4-n4-ree'to  or  w5.-n4-ree'to,  a  river  of 
Venezuela,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Rosas,  flows  S.  and  then  E., 
and  joins  the  Portuguesa  154  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas. 

Guanarito,  a  small  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Guanare 
River,  40  miles  E.  of  Guanare. 

Guanaxuato,  Mexico.    See  Guaxajoato. 

Guancabamba,  gw4n  -  k4  -  b&m'bl,  or  Huanca- 
bamba,  w4n-k8,-b4m'bi,  a  large  village  of  Ecuador,  de- 
partment of  Asuay.  Lat.  5°  10'  S.;  Ion.  79°  30'  W.  Ele- 
vation, 6560  feet. 

Guancabelica,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Huancavelica. 

Gnandacol,  gw4n-d4-kol',  a  valley  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  of  La  Rioja,  between  the  Andes  and  the 
Pamatina  Mountains,  in  lat.  29°  S.,  Ion.  69°  W.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Vermejo,  and  is  highly  productive  of  grain. 

Guandacol,  a  village  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in 
the  centre  of  the  valley  of  the  same  name. 

Guanero,  gw4-n4'ro,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  joins  the 
Apure  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Guano,  gw4'no,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  a  small  river  of 
the  same  name,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil. 

Guano  Islands,  numerous  small  islands  on  the  coast 
of  South  America,  Africa,  Ac,  remarkable  for  their  deposits 
of  guano.  The  most  important  are  the  Seal  (or  Loses) 
Islands,  the  Chincha  Islands,  and  Iquique,  all  in  Peru. 

Guanta,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Huanta. 

Gnanttyaya,  gw4n-t4-Hi'4,  a  rich  mining  district  of 
Southern  Peru,  in  the  department  of  Tarapaca. 

Guantanamo,  gw4n-t4-n4'mo,  a  town  of  Cuba,  15 
miles  by  railway  from  its  port  (Caimanera),  which  is  on 
Cumberland  harbor,  or  the  Bay  of  Guantanamo.  The  town 
has  a  newspaper  and  a  church,  and  is  surrounded  by  sugar- 
and  coffee-estates.     See  Cumberland  Harbor. 

Guanuco,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Huanuco. 

Guanzate,  gw4n-z4't4,  a  well-built  village  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  2144. 

Guapai,  gw4-pi',  also  written  Guapey,  s  river  of 
Bolivia,  tributary  to  the  Mamore,  which  it  joins  after  a 
winding  course  estimated  at  550  miles. 


Guapi^Morim,  gw4'pee-mo-reeN<'',  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Rio  Janeiro,  between  Nictheroy  and  the  Serra  dos 
Orgaos.     Pop.  2000. 

Guapore,  gw4-po'r4,  a  river  which  forms  a  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Brazil  and  Bolivia,  and  unites  with  the 
Mamore  after  a  course  of  400  miles. 

Guarambari.  gw4-r4m-b4-ree',  a  river  of  Paraguay, 
joins  the  Paraguay  25  miles  N.W.  of  Coneepoion,  after  • 
course  of  about  150  miles. 

Guarapari,  gw4-r4-p4-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  Cordillera  of  Aimores,  and  takes  an  E.  direction,  forming 
in  its  course  a  number  of  lakes.  Its  mouth  is  narrow,  but 
deep,  and  easily  entered  by  coasters.  Canoes  proceed  as 
far  up  as  the  cordillera.  The  scenery  on  its  banks  is  re- 
markably beautiful. 

Guarapari,  a  mountain-chain  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito 
Santo,  giving  origin  to  two  rivers  of  the  same  name. 

Guarapari,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  coast,  state  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Espirito  Santo. 

Gnarapiche,  gw4-r4-pee'ch4,  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Bermudez,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Paria  36  miles  W.  of 
the  N.  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  after  a  tortuous  course  of 
about  100  miles. 

Guarapuava,  gw4-r4-pw4'v4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  300  miles  S.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  near  the  Igua9u. 

Gnaratiba,  gvv4-r4-tee'b4,  a  seaport  village  of  Brazil, 
state  and  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Guaratingueta,  gw4-r4-teen-g4't4,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
120  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Parahiba. 

Guaratuba,  gw4-r4-too'b4,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  joins  the  Rio  Verde,  an  affluent  of  the  Sao 
Francisco. 

Guaratuba,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo, 
flows  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  25°  45'  S.,  after  a  course  of 
60  miles. 

Guaratuba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  23 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Paranagua. 

Guarda,  gwaR'd4  (anc.  Lan'cia  Oppida'na),  a  fortified 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Serra  da  Estrella,  70 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.  Pop.  3452.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
a  bishop's  palace,  and  an  old  castle,  whence  its  name. 

Guardafui,  Cape,  Africa.    See  Cape  Gtjardafui. 

Guardamar,  gwaR-D4-maR',  a  town  of  Spain,  prov 
ince  and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Seguro.    P.  2696. 

Guardamiglio,  gwaR-d4-meel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  2450. 

Gnardavalle,  gwaR-d4-v41'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Catanzaro,  20  miles  S.  of  Squillace.     Pop.  3561. 

Guarda-Veneta,gwaR'd4-v4-n4't4,  a  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  Po,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  2083. 

Guardia,  gwaR'de-4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
senza,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cetraro.     Pop.  1323. 

Guardia,  or  La  Guardia,  14  gwaR'de-4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1645. 

Guardia,  or  La  Guardia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Bis- 
cay, province  of  Alava,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vitoria,  with  % 
castle  and  other  fortifications.     Pop.  2756. 

Guardia,  or  La  Guardia,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo.  Pop.  3533.  It  is  situated 
on  a  rock.y  ridge,  in  which  are  numerous  caverns,  and  has 
old  fortifications,  having  been  a  guard-station  or  outpost 
against  the  Moors,  whence  its  name. 

Guardia-Alfiera,  gwaR'de-4-4l-fe-4'r4,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.   P.  1877. 

Guardia- Grele,  gwaR'de-4-gr4'l4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  6190. 

Guardia-Lombarda,  gwaR'de-4-lom-baR'd4,  a  town 
of  Italy,  on  the  Lombarda,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo 
dei  Lombard!.     Pop.  3594. 

Guardia-Perticari,  gwaR'de-4-p4R-te-k4'ree,  a  town 
of  Italy,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  1670. 

Guardia-Regia,  gwaR'de-4-r4'j4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Campobasso,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Bojano.    P.  2331. 

Guardistallo,  gwaR-dis-t4rio,  a  village  of  Italy,  35 
miles  S.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  1706. 

Guarene,  gw4-r4'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  3  miles  N.  of  Alba.     Pop.  2526. 

Guarico,  gw4-ree'ko,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  joins  a 
branch  of  the  Apure  12  miles  E.  of  San  Fernando  de  Apure, 
after  a  S.  course  estimated  at  200  miles. 

Guarico,  gw4-ree'ko,  a  cape  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  neai 
its  E.  extremity. 

Guarico,  a  former  province  of  Venezuela,  in  the  N. 
central  part,  traversed  by  the  Orinoco  and  many  of  its  navi- 
gable tributaries,  is  now  comprised  in  the  stiite  of  Miranda 
The  region  is  composed  of  vast  plains,  subject  to  overflow 
in  the  wet  season. 


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GUA 


Uuaricura,  gw4-re-koo'ri,  an  island  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Pari,  in  the  Amazon,  opposite  the  town  of  Pari.  Length, 
45  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  18  miles. 

Gaarisamey,  gwi-re-si-mi',  a  mining  town  of  Mex- 
ico, state  and  55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Durango. 

Guarmey,  gwan-mi',  a  maritime  village  of  Peru,  de- 
partment and  158  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lima,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Guarmey. 

Guaro,  gwi'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles 
W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2218. 

Gaarochiri,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Huarochiri. 

Guaruapo,  gwl-roo-4'po,  two  rivers  of  Venezuela,  one 
uniting  the  Apure  and  Portuguesa  Rivers,  the  other  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Orinoco. 

Guasacualco,  a  river  of  Mexico.    See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Guascama  (gw4s-ki'ml)  Point,  a  headland  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  department  of  Cauca,  128  miles  W.  of 
Popayan,  in  lat.  2°  30'  N.,  Ion.  78°  30'  W. 

GuascO)  a  seaport  of  Chili.    See  HuAsco. 

Gnase,  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Kenn. 

Gnash)  a  river  of  England.    See  Wash. 

Guasila,  gwi-see'Ii,  or  Goy-Esili,  go'ee-i-see'lee, 
a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Cagliari.     Pop.  2010. 

Guastalla,  gwls-til'li,  a  walled  city  of  Northern  Italy, 
•ituated  on  the  Po,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Parma.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  public  library,  a  castle,  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics 
and  twist,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  one  of  its  dukes.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  10,618. 

Guastatoya,  gwis-ti-to'yi,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Guatemala,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guatemala  city. 

Guatavita,  gw3,-tS,-vee't4,  a  village  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  department  of  Cundinamarca,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Bogota.  The  Lake  of  Guatavita,  near  it,  is  about  9  miles 
in  length,  very  deep,  and  had  anciently  on  its  banks  many 
highly  venerated  Peruvian  temples. 

Gnatemala,  gaw-te-mah'la  or  gw4-t&-m&'I&,  or  Gna- 
timala,  gw&-te-m3,'l3,,  a  republic  of  Central  America, 
having  Mexico,  Balize,  and  the  Bay  of  Honduras  N.,  the 
Pacific  Ocean  S.,  Honduras  and  Salvador  E.,  and  Mexico 
W.  Lat.  13°  45'  to  17°  45'  N.;  Ion.  88°  10'  to  93°  12' 
W.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  about  350  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  180  miles;  area,  about  40,777  square 
miles.  Guatemala  is,  in  general,  exceedingly  picturesque 
and  beautiful,  and,  like  the  other  states  of  Central  America, 
it  is  distinguished  by  a  luxuriant  and  varied  vegetation. 
Except  in  the  marshy  forests  near  the  N.E.  coast,  the  coun- 
try is  wholly  mountainous,  the  main  chain  or  cordillera 
traversing  it  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  at  no  great  distance  from 
the  Pacific,  sending  off  numerous  branches  towards  the  At- 
lantic, and  forming  a  great  plateau  in  the  interior.  A'ong 
the  main  chain  are  a  considerable  number  of  volcanoes. 
All  of  them  are  near  the  Pacific.  Six  are  said  to  be  active, 
namely,  Amilpas,  13,160  feet  high;  Sapotitlan,  13,050  feet 
high ;  Atitlan,  12,500  feet  high ;  Volcan  de  Agua,  15,000  feet 
high ;  Volcan  de  Fuego ;  and  Pacaya.  The  state  is  watered 
by  numerous  streams,  of  which  the  Lacantun,  flowing  N.W. 
and  forming  part  of  the  Mexican  boundary,  and  the  Motagua 
and  the  Polochic  continued  by  the  Dulce,  both  flowing  N.E. 
to  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  and  their  tributaries,  are  the 
largest ;  but  besides  these  there  are  many  streams  of  com- 

f>aratively  short  courses  falling  into  the  Pacific.  There  are, 
ikewise,  several  lakes,  the  most  important  being  Dulce, 
Amatitlan,  Atitlan,  and  Peten,  about  30  miles  long  by  9 
miles  broad,  near  the  frontiers  of  Yucatan,  in  the  little- 
known  province  of  Vera  Paz.  On  the  table-land  the  cli- 
mate is  mild  and  agreeable,  but  in  more  elevated  situa- 
tions the  cold  is  quite  severe.  The  soil  generally  is  of 
great  fertility,  producing  maize  and  wheat  of  superior  qual- 
ity, excellent  rice  and  vegetables  and  tropical  fruits  in  great 
rariety.  The  most  important  products  are  coflfee  and  cochi- 
neal. Cacao,  tobacco,  sugar,  skins,  cedar-wood,  sarsaparilla, 
vanilla,  and  cotton  are  produced,  and  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  indigo  and  caoutchouc  are  obtained. 

In  the  altos  or  high  parts  of  the  state  sheep  are  raised, 
the  wool  of  which  is  manufactured  by  the  natives  into  a 
joarse  twilled  fabric  called  gerga,  which  again  is  made  into 
various  articles  of  clothing,  including  long  plaids  called 
ponchos.  It  is  divided  into  7  departments,  each  presided 
over  by  a  corregidor,  namely,  Guatemala,  Solola,  Quezalte- 
nango,  Sacatepec,  Totonicapan,  Vera  Paz,  and  Chiquimula. 
The  name  was  formerly  applied  to  the  whole  of  Central 
America.  Capital,  Guatemala,  or  New  Guatemala.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1,224,602,  of  whom  nearly  two-thirds  were  Indians. 
The  principal  ports  are  Izabal  and  Santo  Tomas  on  the 
Atlantic,  and  San  Josg,  a  small  village  on  the  Pacific. 

Guatemala*  or  Guatemala  la  Nueva*  gwi-ti- 


m&'l&  11  noo-&'v&,  called  also  Santiago  de  Guatimala, 

capital  of  the  above  state,  is  situated  in  a  rich  and  spacious 
plain,  at  an  elevation  of  4961  feet,  106  miles  W.N.W.  of  San 
Salvador.  Lat.  14°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  30'  W.  It  is  very 
handsome,  is  well  supplied  with  water  bj'  long  aqueduota 
on  arches,  and  extends  over  a  large  space,  the  prevalence 
of  earthquakes  causing  the  houses  to  be  built  of  only  one 
story.  The  temperature  varies  between  60°  and  80°  Fah- 
renheit. In  the  great  square  are  situated  the  old  viceregal 
palace,  most  of  the  government  oflBces,  the  cathedral,  the 
archbishop's  palace,  a  college,  many  schools,  barracks,  and 
.most  of  the  principal  shops ;  and  in  its  centre  is  a  fine  foun- 
tain. Here  are  upwards  of  60  richly  ornamented  churches, 
a  new  fort,  a  cemetery,  a  hospital,  a  bull-ring,  a  theatre,  a 
university,  and  various  schools.  The  conventual  buildings 
are  now  mostly  appropriated  to  lay  purposes.  The  inhab- 
itants manufacture  muslins,  fine  cotton  yarn,  silver  articles, 
artificial  flowers,  and  embroidery  of  high  excellence.  Gua- 
temala has  a  flourishing  trade.  The  building  of  the  present 
city  was  commenced  in  the  year  1776,  three  years  after  the 
earthquake  of  1773,  which  destroyed  Old  Guatemala,  the 
former  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  55,728;  in  1889,  65,796. 

Guatemala  la  Antigua,  gw&-t&-m&'l4  Ik  4n-tee'- 
gw&  ("Old  Guatemala"), called  also  Santiago  de  Caba- 
lleros,  s4n-tee-i'go  d4  ki-Bil-yi'roce,  lies  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  the  above  city,  at  the  foot  of  the  Volcan  de  Agua,  by 
an  eruption  of  which  it  was  overwhelmed  in  1641.  It  was 
again  devastated  by  an  earthquake  in  1773,  but  has  been 
since  rebuilt.  Around  it  are  many  sugar-establishments. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Guateycas,  a  group  of  islands.    See  Gcaytecas. 

Guatuico,  gw&-tool'ko,  a  port  of  Mexico,  state  and  106 
miles  S.E.  of  Oajaca,  on  the  Pacific. 

Guatzacuaico,  Mexico.    See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Guaura,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Hdadra. 

Guaviare,  or  Gnabiare,  gw&-ve-&'r4,  a  river  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  joins  the  Orinoco  near  San  Fernando, 
in  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  67°  30'  W.,  after  an  E.  course  of  450 
miles. 

Guaxaba,  an  island  of  Cuba.    See  Guajaba. 

Guaxaca,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  Oajaca. 

Guayacan,  gwi-i-k&n',  a  village  of  Chili,  on  the  Bay 
of  Herradura,  li  miles  S.  of  the  port  of  Coquimbo.  It  has 
very  large  copper-smelting  works.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  railway,  and  has  shipped  over  8000  tons  of  copper 
per  year.     Pop.  1330. 

Guayama,  gwi-&'m&,  a  town  of  Porto  Rioo,  4  miles 
N.  of  the  port  of  Guayama  (or  Arroyo),  a  village  on  the  S. 
coast,  with  a  good  anchorage.  The  town  itself  has  a  good 
trade,  and  exports  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.     Pop.  5400. 

Guayana,  South  America.    See  Guiana. 

Guayana,  gwi-i'nS,  (Spanish  for  Guiana),  formerly  the 
easternmost  and  largest  division  of  Venezuela,  bounded  E. 
by  British  Guiana  and  the  Atlantic,  and  having  the  Orinoco 
for  a  part  of  its  N.  boundary,  now  comprised  in  Bolivar.  The 
section  is  largely  a  hot  and  pestilential  region  of  marshes, 
dikes,  forests,  and  vast  open  plains;  but  in  the  S.E.  is  a 
mountain  country,  little  known,  but  reported  to  be  rich  in 
gold.   Its  capital  was  Angostura,  now  called  Ciudad  Bolivar. 

Guayana,  a  town  of  Venezuela.     See  Angostura. 

Guayanilla,  gwi-&-neery&,  a  seaport  town  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Porto  Rioo,  West  Indies. 

Guayape,  gwl-i'pi,  a  river  of  Honduras,  with  noted 
gold-washings.     It  is  a  branch  of  the  Patuca. 

Guayaquil,  gwi-i-keel',  a  city  of  Ecuador,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Guayas,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  Guayas, 
40  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  9 
churches,  a  college,  a  seminary,  convents,  and  2  semi-weekly 
newspapers.  Large  ships  can  come  up  to  the  town,  which 
is  the  principal  port  of  Ecuador.  The  chief  exports  are 
cacao,  Panama  bats,  hides,  cotton,  tobacco,  calisaya  and  other 
barks,  coffee,  Ac,  valued  in  some  years  at  over  $4,000,000, 
— the  imports  being  even  greater  in  value.  It  is  the  seat  of 
several  manufacturing  enterprises.     Pop.  40,000. 

Guayas,  gwi'is,  a  province  of  Ecuador,  on  the  W.  coast, 
and  occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  Pacific  slope  of  that 
country.  Area,  11,504  square  miles.  It  is  a  hot  region, 
covered  with  dense  vegetation,  and  traversed  by  the  navi- 
gable river  Guayas.     Capital,  Guayaquil.     Pop.  95,640. 

Guaymas,  gwi'm^s,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Sonora,  on  the  Gulf  of  California,  at  the  mouth  of  a  con- 
siderable river.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Mexico,  and  it  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  300. 

Guayra,  La,  a  town  of  Venezuela.    See  La  Guatra. 

Guaytara,  gwi-t&'rS,,  a  river  in  the  S.W.  of  the  republio 
of  Colombia,  is  an  afiiuent  of  the  Patia,  which  it  joins  after 
a  course  of  about  75  miles. 


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GUG 


Guaytecas,  gwl-t4'k&s,  a  bay  and  group  of  islands  ofif 
the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  the  islands  forming  the  N.  part 
of  the  Chonos  Archipelago. 

Guazacuaico,  a  river  of  Mexico.   See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Gubbio,  goob'be-o,  or  Gubio*  goo'be-o  (anc.  Iga'vi- 
wm),  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  27  miles  S.  of 
Urbino,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  5343. 
It  is  beautifully  situated,  well  built,  and  has  a  quaint,  me- 
diaeval appearance.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  chief  edifices 
are  the  cathedral,  a  fine  ducal  palace,  a  communal  palace, 
and  numerous  churches  and  convents.  Near  it,  among  the 
ruins  of  a  temple  of  Jupiter  Apenninus,  in  1446,  were 
discovered  the  famous  Eugubian  tables, — plates  of  bronze 
inscribed  with  Umbrian  and  primitive  Latin  characters. 
The  town  has  valuable  art-collections. 

GubeUf  goo'b§n,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, on  the  Neisse,  at  a  railway  junction,  79  miles  S.E. 
of  Berlin.  Pop.  23,704.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  public 
library,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  hosiery, 
yarn,  and  tobacco,  a  copper-foundry,  building-docks,  and 
trade  in  cattle  and  fruit. 

Guchilaque^  goo-che-li'ki,  a  small  town  of  Mexico, 
30  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  7000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Guda  Butigori,  goo'di  boo-te-go'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
Bombay  presidency.     Pop.  16,000. 

Gudeii)  or  Guden-Aa,  goo'd§n-o,  the  principal  river 
of  Jutland,  in  Denmark,  fl.ows  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Cattegat 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Randers.     Length,  80  miles. 

Gudensberg,  goo'd§ns-bfiRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1875. 

Gudera^  goo-di'ri,  a  town  of  Western  Abyssinia,  cap- 
ital of  a  chiefship,  near  lat.  10°  52'  N.,  Ion.  36°  57'  E. 

GudjunHurgurh',  or  Gfy'andragarh,  gu-jiin'dra- 
giiK',  a  town  of  India,  74  miles  N.W.  of  Bellary.     P.  6047. 

Gudook,  gSo^dook',  a  pass  across  the  Elbrooz  Moun- 
tains, in  Northern  Persia,  between  the  provinces  of  Mazan- 
deran  and  Irak-Ajemee,  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Teheran.  It  is 
supposed  to  be  the  Pylfe  Oaspix  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

Gudshranwalia,  India.    See  Gujuru-walla. 

Guebwiller,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Gebweiler. 

Guegen,  gheh-gfiuo',  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Cocaigne  River,  14  miles  from  Shediac. 
It  contains  2  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  320. 

Guegon,  gi^g6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbinan,  7 
miles  W.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  273 ;  of  the  commune,  2972. 

Guegueteiiango,  gi-gi-ti-nin'go,  a  town  of  Guate- 
mala, 125  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala. 

Guegiietoca,  a  village  of  Mexico.     See  Hdehuetoca. 

Guelago,  gi-li'go,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  28 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada. 

Guelderland,  Netherlands.     See  Gelderland. 

Gueldres,  the  French  name  of  Geldern. 

Gueiea,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  El  Golea. 

Guell^,  gh5rii',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Foota- 
Damga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  18'  N.;  Ion.  12°  45'  W. 

Guelma,  ghSPmi',  a  town  of  Algeria,  department  of 
Constantino,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bona.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, a  mosque,  and  a  fine  museum.     Pop.  3195. 

Guelph,  gwelf,  a  post-oflSce  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Guelph,  gwelf,  a  post-town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the 
00.  of  Wellington,  on  the  Speed,  at  a  railway  junction,  48i 
miles  W.  of  Toronto.  The  town  is  built  on  a  number  of 
hills,  which  gives  it  a  picturesque  appearance.  It  contains, 
besides  the  county  buildings,  churches  of  7  denominations,  3 
branch  banks,  a  library  and  reading-room,  2  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspaper  offices,  several  hotels,  and  about  60  stores. 
The  Speed  here  falls  about  30  feet,  furnishing  water-power 
to  3  or  4  large  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  2  planing-mills, 
and  2  woollen-factories.  The  town  has  also  manufactories 
of  iron  castings,  machinery,  sewing-machines,  musical 
instruments,  leather,  agricultural  implements,  soap  and 
candles,  boots  and  shoes,  wooden-ware,  Ac,  and  2  breweries. 
Guelph  is  an  inland  port  of  entry.     Pop.  in  1891,  9890. 

Gn^m^ne)  gi'mi^ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inf6rieure,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1074, 

Gu6in6n6,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  11  miles 
W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1514. 

Guemes,  gwee'mes,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  Guemes  Island,  15   miles  S.W.  of  Whatcom. 


;;opper-mines  have  been  opened  here. 
Giienoc,  gwi'nok,  a  post-hamlet   of 


Lake  co.,  Cal., 
about  64  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  is  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Calistoga.     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  store. 

Guer,  gaiR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  12  miles 
E.  of  Ploermel.     Pod.  883. 

Gu6rande,  gi'rONd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  near  tb  a  sea,  47  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Nantes.     Pop. 


6749.     It  hag  an  old  castle,  a  fine  mediaeval   church,  H 
annual  fairs,  and  manufactures  of  salt,  linen,  Ac. 

Gnerara^  gi-ri'r4,  a  town  of  Algeria,  oasis  of  Wady 
Mzab,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gardaia.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
high  wall,  and  entered  by  3  gates.  All  the  tribes  of  the 
desert  frequent  this  place,  either  to  buy  or  sell  horses, 
asses,  sheep,  ivory,  gold  dust,  ostrich  feathers,  cotton,  silk, 
cutlery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  5500. 

Guerard,  gi'raR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Marne,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meaux.     Pop.  1662. 

Guerbaville,  ghdR^b&Veel',  a  village  of  France,  ia 
Seine-Inferieure,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Caudebeo.     Pop.  1620. 

Guercino,  gwfiR-chee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles 
N.  of  Frosinone,  on  the  Cosa.     Pop.  1100. 

Gu6ret,  gi^ri',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Creuse,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Limoges.  It  has  a 
library,  a  communal  college,  a  normal  school,  a  hospital, 
and  a  lunatic  asylum.     Pop.  4973. 

Gu^rigny,  giVeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nidvre, 
on  the  NiSvre.     Pop.  1870. 

Guerne,  gaiRn,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  298. 

Guerneville,  gh^r'n^-vil,  a  post- village  of  Sonoma  oo., 
Cal.,  in  Redwood  township,  on  Russian  River,  10  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  on  the  Fulton  A  Guemeville  Railroad,  16 
miles  W.  of  Fulton  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  3  large 
saw-mills,  2  shingle-mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  2  quick- 
silver-mines. Here  are  forests  of  redwood  trees,  some  of 
which  are  said  to  be  24  feet  in  diameter.     Pop.  about  500. 

Guernica,  ghSR-nee'k4,  a  town  of  Spain,  prorince  of 
Biscay,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  1145. 

Guernsey,  gh^rn'ze  (anc.  Sar'nia),  the  second  in  size 
of  the  Channel  Islands,  in  the  Bay  of  St.  Michael,  30  miles 
W.  of  the  coast  of  Normandy,  61  miles  S.  of  PortlancI, 
English  coast,  and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jersey,  v^rea,  ^0^ 
19,605  acres.  Its  coast-line,  about  30  miles  in  ciroulfl£ar-  .5^  „  ( 
ence,  is  deeply  indented  with  bays.  The  surface  is  gently  ^^o 
varied.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  climate  is  moist,  but 
healthy,  and  so  mild  that  oranges,  melons,  figs,  myrtles, 
and  the  Guernsey  lily  flourish  luxuriantly.  The  orchards 
furnish  pasture  for  the  breed  of  cows,  which  are  larger  and 
more  valued  than  even  those  of  Alderney,  and  yield  the 
finest  butter.  Steamers  ply  between  Guernsey  and  London, 
Southampton,  Plymouth,  and  Weymouth.  St.  Peter-le- 
Port,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  is  the  capital,  and,  except  St.  Samp- 
son's, is  the  only  town  in  the  island,  which  is  mostly  studded 
with  scattered  houses  or  cottages  embosomed  in  orchards. 
The  natives  of  the  lower  orders  speak  the  old  Norman 
French ;  they  have  long  been  remarkable  for  their  adher- 
ence to  Protestantism.  The  island  is  under  a  lieutenant- 
governor,  who  represents  the  sovereign  in  the  assembly  of 
the  states,  which  is  a  kind  of  local  parliament.  Guernsey 
formed  a  part  of  the  duchy  granted  by  Charles  the  Simple 
to  the  Norman  Rollo,  to  whose  descendants  it  has  now  be  • 
longed  for  1000  years.  It  is  defended  by  strong  fortifica- 
tions, and  has  a  well-organized  militia.     Pop.  32,607. 

Guernsey,  gh§rn'ze,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  517  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Wills  and  Seneca  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wool, 
wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Valuable  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  and  the 
Cleveland  A  Marietta  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate 
with  Cambridge,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,838;  in 
1880,  27,197  ;  in  1890,  28,645. 

Guernsey,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Little  Rock 
to  Texarkana,  52  miles  S.W.  of  Arkadelphia,  Ark. 

Guerrero,  ghiR-BA'ro,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bordering 
on  the  Pacific,  and  enclosed  on  all  other  sides  by  the  states 
of  Michoacan,  Morelos,  Mexico,  La  Puebla,  and  Oajaca. 
Area,  24,544  square  miles.     Capital,  Tixtla.     Pop.  353,193. 

Guerryton,  ghfir're-tpn,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Bullock  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Girard  Railroad,  39 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.     It  has  3  stores. 

Guerta,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.     See  Trevanion. 

Guest's  (ghests)  River,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Va. 

Guest's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  00.,  Va.,  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Guetaria,  gi-t4're-8,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa, 
10  miles  W.  of  San  Sebastian,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Guengnon,  guN^yAuo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Saftne- 
et-Loire,  41  miles  W.N.W.  of  M^con.     Pop.  2161. 

Guf'fey,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Connellsville 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Gugerat,  a  province  of  India.    See  Guzerat. 


GUG 


1334 


;CMJI 


Guggisberg,  gSSg'ghis-bSRoS  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  15  miles  S.  of  Bern.. 

Guglielmo,  gool-yJl'mo,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  near  the  B.  shore  of  Lake  Iseo,  5  miles  N.  of  Gar- 
done.     Height,  6300  feet.  ,  w  .      u         91 

Gilglingen,  giig'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  ii 
miles  S.W.  of  Brackenheim.     Pop.  1435. 

Guglionisi,  gool-yo-nee'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Campobasso,  8  miles  N.  of  Larino.     Pop.  5286.- 

Guguan,  goo-gwin',  or  Saint  Philip,  one  of  the  La- 
drone  Islands,  in  the  Pacific,  about  200  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Guahan,  with  which  it  is  sometimes  confounded. 

Guhmur,  g56-moor',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Ganges, 
and  on  the  East  Indian  Railway,  district  and  14  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ghazeepoor.     Pop.  8797. 

Guhrau,  goo'rSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  4138. 

Guia,  or  Guya,  ghee'4,  a  town  of  Ashantee,  about  100 
miles  N.E.  of  Coomassie.     Lat.  7°  N. ;  Ion.  0°. 

Guia,  ghee'S.,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Parahyba,  on  the  Atlantic. 

Guia,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Amazonas,  on  the 
Kio  Negro,  near  the  N.  frontier. 

Guiaguila,  ghee-i-ghee'li,  a  village  of  Senegambia, 
on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  14°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  20'  W. 

Guiana,  Guyana,  ghe-S,'n3,,  or  Guayana,  gwi- 
4'ni,  a  region  of  South  America,  in  its  narrowest  sense  in- 
cluding the  colonies  of  British,  Dutch,  and  French  Guiana 
(each  described  under  its  alphabetical  head),  but  in  a  wider 
sense  including  also  a  large  section  of  Venezuela  and 
that  part  of  Brazil  which  lies  N.  of  the  Amazon  and  the 
Rio  Negro.     Guiatna  may  be  regarded  as  a  great  forest-clad 

Eeninsula  lying  between  the  Orinoco  and  the  Amazon.     It 
as  as  a  nucleus  the  Sierra  Parime,  a  system  of  mountains 
of  low  elevation  and  known  to  contain  deposits  of  gold. 
Guiana  has  a  humid  climate  and  a  fertile  soil;  but  much 
of  its  interior  is  almost  unexplored. 
Guianeco  Islands.    See  GnAiANEco. 
Guibarra,  ghe-bor'ra,  a  river  of  Ireland,  flows  into 
the  Atlantic  between  the  bays  of  Rosmore  and  Trawenagh. 
Guiche,  gheesh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^- 
n^es,  on  the  Bidouze,  14  miles  E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1514. 
Guiche,  or  La  Guiche,  Id.  gheesh,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Saone-et-Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Charolles.     Pop.  895. 

Guichen,  ghee^shftu"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  504. 

Guiclan,  ghee^klftN°',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistdre, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  565. 

Guicowar's  Dominions,  India.    See  Bakoda. 
Guidakar,  ghe-di-kan',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in 
Wallo,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  43'  W. 

Guidel,  ghee^ddl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  788. 

Guide  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Neb.,  near 
the  Republican  River,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Red  Cloud. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  336. 

Guidizzolo,  gwee-dit'so-lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  N.W.  by  N.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  2436. 
Guidore,  a  bay  of  Ireland.  See  Gweedore. 
Gnienne,  or  Guyenne,  ghee^Jnn',  an  old  province 
in  the  S.W.  of  France,  lying  N.  of  Gascony,  and  now  dis- 
tributed chiefly  among  the  departments  of  Gironde,  Dor- 
dogne,  Lot-et-Garonne,  Lot,  Aveyron,  and  Tarn-et-Ga- 
ronne.  Its  capital  was  Bordeaux.  Guienne  is  supposed 
to  be  a  corruption  of  Aquitania,  the  name  given  to  this 
country  in  the  time  of  the  ancient  Romans.  In  the  early 
periods  of  the  French  monarchy  it  was  called  Aquitaine. 

Gniers,  ghee^aiR',  a  small  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Alps,  and  joins  the  Rhone  near  Saint-Didier. 

Guignen,  gheenViN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  3014. 

Guijar,  or  Guixar,  ghe-nau',  a  lake  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, in  Salvador.  It  receives  the  Mitlan  River,  and  dis- 
charges its  surplus  water  by  the  Leinpa  into  the  Pacific. 
It  is  about  60  miles  in  circumference,  and  in  the  middle 
is  a  large  island  abounding  in  game  and  containing  the 
ruins  of  a  considerable  town. 

Gailderland,  ghll'd^r-land,  a  post-township  of  Al- 
bany CO.,  N.Y.,  is  traversed  by  the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna 
Railroad.  It  contains  villages  named  Guilderland,  Guil- 
derland  Centre,  and  Knowersville.     Pop.  3510. 

Gailderland,  or  Ham'iltonville,  a  post-village  of 
Albany  00.,  N.Y.,  in  Guilderland  township,  9  or  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of,  Albany.     It  has  3  churches. 

Guilderland  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  ia  Guilderland  township,  on  the  Athens  Branch  of 


the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Al- 
bany.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  450. 

Guilderland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  14  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Albany. 

Guildford,  ghil'fprd,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Surrey,  on  the  navigable  river  Wey,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  five  arches,  and  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways,  17  miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  ha«  a  modem 
and  2  ancient  parish  churches,  a  grammar-school  chartered 
by  Edward  VI.,  a  blue-coat  school,  a  handsome  hospital,  an 
elegant  county  hall,  a  guild  hall,  and  conspicuous  remains 
of  a  castle,  which  was  a  residence  of  several  Saxon  and 
Norman  sovereigns.  Guildford  has  a  considerable  traffic 
by  the  Wey  in  corn,  malt,  and  coals.  It  sends  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  14,319. 

Guildford,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  80  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  1156. 

Guildhall,  gbild'hall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Essex 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Guildhall  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  paper-  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  511. 

Guilford,  ghil'f9rd,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North 
Carolina.  Area,  68(|  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Deep 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Reedy  Fork  of  Haw 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  pork,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  'This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Cape  Fear  & 
Yadkin  Valley  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Greens- 
borough,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,736;  in  1880, 
23,585;  in  1890,  28,052. 

Guilford,  a  beautiful  post-borough  of  New  Haven  eo., 
Conn.,  in  Guilford  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  savings-bank,  the  Guilford  Insti- 
tute, a  newspaper  office,  &c.  Guilford  was  the  birthplace 
of  Fitz-Greene  Halleck.  The  township  has  6  churches,  an 
iron-  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  school-furniture.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2780. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  III.  Pop. 
933.     It  contains  Avery. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  111.    Pop.  969. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <fe  Lafayette  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg.    It  has  a  church,  a  plough-fac- 


tory, a  cheese-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Gui*" 


Pop. 


ilford,  a   township   of   Hendricks   00.,  Ind. 
2193.     It  includes  Plainfield. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  760. 
It  contains  Georgetown. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Fredonia.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
about  100  ;  of  the  township,  443. 

Guilford,  a  post- village  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  on  both  sides  of  the  Piscataquis  River,  and 
on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Dover. 
It  is  61  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor  by  rail,  but  only  40  in  a 
direct  line.  It  has  3  churches,  2  shingle-mills,  a  saw -mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  818. 

Guilford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Guilford,  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.     See  Gillford. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Platte 
River.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  nursery  of  fruit  trees. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 200  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and  about  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  water-wheels,  boots,  shoes, 
rubber  goods,  creamery  supplies,  <fec.  Pop.  331.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Unadilla  River. 
Pop.  2236. 

Gnilford  (Bucks  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  in  Hanover  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Kensington 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.     Pop.  1841. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.  Pop.  3764, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Chambersburg. 

Gnilford,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It 
has  2  churches,  marble-works,  and  manufactures  of  baby- 
carriages,  whips,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  870. 


\ 


GUI 


1335 


GUL 


Guilford)  a  post-hamlet  of  Aocomaok  oo.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  26  miles  S.  of  Pocomoke  City,  Md. 
It  has  a  church.  ' 

Guilford,  Loudoun  co.,  Va.    See  Loudoun. 

Guilford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Guilford  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  2  churches. 

Guilford  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
in  Guilford  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Greenfield, 
Mass.     It  has  a  church. 

Guillac,  ghee^yik'  or  gheePyik',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1591. 

Guillauines,  ghee^yom'  or  gheePyom',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Nice,  on  the 
Var.     Pop.  1117. 

Guillestre,  ghee^yist'r',  a  village  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Alpes,  on  the  Guil,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Embrun. 

Guilloti^re,  a  town  of  France.   ^See  La  Guilloti:^re, 

Guilmi,  gwil'mee  or  gweel'mee,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Chieti,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2059. 

Guiloom,  gheeMoom',  a  river  of  Senegambia,  joins  the 
Senegal  in  lat.  1 6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  14°  45'  W.     Length,  90  miles. 

Guimar,  ghe-man',  a  Spanish  town  on  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Teneriffe,  Canary  Islands.     Pop.  3042. 

Guimaraens,  ghe-mS.-ri'fiNs,  written  also  Guima- 
raes,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Braga.  Pop.  7865.  It  has  a  handsome  col- 
legiate church,  numerous  other  religious  buildings  and 
hospitals,  manufactures  of  hardware,  and  an  active  trade. 

Guimaraens,  ghe-mi-ri'^Ns,  a  town  of  Brazil,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Maranhao,  on  the  Bay  of  Cuma.     Pop.  2000. 

Guimaraens,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cuyab^. 

Guimaras,  ghe-mS,'rS,s,  one  of  the  Phillipine  Islands. 

Guinea,  ghin'ee  (Fr.  Guinee  ghee^ni' ;  Port.  GuinS, 
ghe-ni' ;  Sp.  Guinea,  ghe-ak'k),  an  old  geographical  division 
of  West  Africa,  comprising  the  coast  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
from  Cape  Negro,  lat.  15°  45'  S.,  to  Cape  Verga,  lat.  10° 
18'  N.  It  was  divided  into  Upper  or  North  Guinea  and  Lower 
or  South  Guinea,  the  former  lying  N.  and  the  latter  E.  of  the 
Gulf  of  Guinea.     The  name  designates  no  political  division. 

North  Guinea,  which  may  now  be  regarded  as  Guinea 
proper,  extending  from  lat.  10°  18'  N.  to  lat.  1°  S,  and 
between  Ion.  14°  30'  W.  and  10°  E.,  has  Senegambia  and 
Soodan  on  the  N.  and  N.E.,  and  the  Atlantic  on  the  S.  and 
S.W.  The  coasts  are  in  general  low  and  unhealthy,  but 
very  fertile.  The  Kong  Mountains,  of  which  but  little  is 
known,  are  believed  to  extend  from  E.  to  W.  along  the  N. 
boundary.  Principal  rivers,  the  Niger  or  Quorra,  the  delta 
of  which  is  on  the  Calabar  coast,  the  Volta,  and  the  Assinie. 
The  S.  and  W.  coasts  are  watered  by  numerous  small  streams. 
The  chief  products  of  the  country  consist  in  gold  dust,  mal- 
aguetta  pepper,  palm  oil,  groundnuts,  coffee,  shea  butter, 
cotton,  and  sugar-cane.  The  forests  contain  vast  numbers 
of  elephants,  lions,  rhinoceroses,  and  enormous  serpents. 
The  coasts  from  N.  to  S.  are  called  Liberia  (formerly  the 
Grain  Coast),  Ivory  Coast,  Gold  Coast,  Slave  Coast,  and 
the  Calabar  Coast.  The  interior  is  divided  into  numerous 
native  states,  the  chief  of  which  are  the  kingdoms  of  Ashan- 
tee,  Dahomey,  and  Benin.  Fetishism  is  the  prevailing 
superstition.  The  principal  European  settlements  are  in 
the  British  colonies  of  Gold  Coast  and  Lagos.  On  the  S  .W. 
coast  is  the  American  settlement  of  Liberia. 

South  Guinea  (the  territory  of  which  is  now  largely  em- 
braced in  the  Portuguese  Colony  of  Angola)  extended  from 
lat.  1°  to  15°  45'  S.  and  from  Ion.  8°  50'  to  18°  E.  It  was 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  elevated  mountains  covered  with 
forests.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Congo  and  Coanza.  The 
mountains  are  said  to  contain  iron  and  copper.  Vegetation 
is  rich,  and  wild  animals  are  numerous.  'This  country  was 
discovered  by  the  Portuguese  in  1487,  and  they  have  re- 
tained nominal  possession  of  the  southern  districts.  See 
Gulf  of  Guinea. 

Guinea  Company,  a  town  or  collection  of  villages  in 
Western  Africa,  on  the  Old  Calabar  River,  near  lat.  5°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  8°  30'  E.  Pop.  5000.  Little  Guinea  Company 
is  a  town  5  miles  N.  of  the  above. 

Guinea,  New,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Papua. 

Guines,  gheen,  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  7 
miles  S.  of  Calais.  Pop.  3644.  The  Canal  of  Guines  con- 
nects the  village  with  Calais. 

Giiines,  gwee'nSs,  almost  wee'nSs,  a  town  of  Cuba,  46 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Havana.     Pop.  3800. 

Guiney*s,  or  Guinea's,  ghin'iz,  a  post-village  of 
Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  <fc 
Potomac  Railroad,  49  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
ohurches  and  an  academy. 


Guingamp,  gheen*g6H»',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  20  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.  It  has  a 
fine  medifevaj  church,  a  communal  college,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ginghams,  linen  fabrics,  and  thread.     Pop.  7896. 

Guion,  Parke  co.,  Ind.     See  Bruin. 

Guiona,  ghe-o'ni,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Greece,  in  lat. 
38°  38'  10"  N.,  Ion.  22°  16'  24"  E.  Height  above  the  sea, 
8240  feet. 

Guionsville,  ghi'9nz-vn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dearborn 
CO.,  Ind.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dillsborough. 

Guipavas,  ghee^piVi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tfere,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1076. 

Guipel,  ghee^pfil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1607. 

Guipry,  ghee^pree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.  Pop.  190;  of  the  com- 
mune, 3211. 

Guipuzcoa,  ghe-poos'ko-i  (Sp.  pron.  ghe-pooth'ko-i), 
or  Guipuscoa,  the  smallest  province  of  Spain,  one  of  the 
Basque  provinces,  in  the  N.E.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  and  E.  by  France  and  Navarre.  Area,  728  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  traversed  by  ofi"sets  of  the  Pyrenees. 
The  chief  rivers  are  the  Deva,  Oria,  and  Urumea.  The 
climate  is  mild  and  healthy.  The  province  has  extensive 
iron-mines,  which  constitute  its  chief  source  of  revenue. 
Capital,  Tolosa.     Pop.  180,743. 

Guiria,  gwee'ree-i,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela,  state 
and  135  miles  E.  of  Cumand,  on  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 

Guisborough,  or  Gisborough,  ghiz'biir-riih,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  at  a  railway  ter- 
minus, 5  miles  from  the  North  Sea,  and  40  miles  N.  of 
York.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  branch  bank,  the  ruins  of  a 
priory  founded  in  1129,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  poor'i 
hospital.     Pop.  of  parish,  5671. 

Guiscard,  ghees^kaR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise,  19 
miles  N.N.E.  of  CompiSgne.     It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  1658. 

Guis«riff,  ghees^kreef,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
han, 27  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  3724. 

Guise,  gweez  or  gheez,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on 
the  Oise,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Vervins.  Pop.  6242.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  a  branch  railway,  and  has  a  castle,  foundries 
for  iron  and  copper,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  shawls, 
woollen  goods,  cottons,  Ac. 

Guiseley,  ghiz'lee,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  on 
a  railway,  2  miles  S.  of  Otley.     Pop.  ef  township,  3185. 

Guisona,  ghee-so'nS,  (anc.  Oia'sa  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2240. 

Guisseny,  ghees^s^h-nee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Fi- 
nistSre,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brest.     Pop.  386. 

Guitivis,  ghee-tee-vees',  or  Santa  Cruz  de  Mayo, 
sin'ti  kroos  di  mi'o,  a  seaport  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayo  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  120 
miles  S.E.  of  Guaymas. 

G nitres,  gheet'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Isle,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Liboume.     Pop.  1384. 

Guittard ,  ghit-tard',  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  490.     It  contains  Axtell,  Beattie,  Ac. 

Guittard  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  3  miles  N.  of  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver  City  Rail- 
road, and  about  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toneka. 

Guixar,  a  lake  of  Salvador.     See  Guijar. 

Gujan,  gii^zh6No',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Gironde,  with  a  small  port,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux.  It 
has  sea-baths  und  an  oyster-fishery.     Pop.  3292. 

Gujerat,  a  peninsula  of  India.     See  Guzerat. 

Gujerat,  guzh^er-at',  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  in  the 
Rawil-Pinde  division.  Area,  1943  square  miles.  Capital, 
Gujerat.     Pop.  616,361. 

Giyerat,  a  walled  town  of  India,  capital  of  Gujerat 
district,  72  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  16,907. 

GiyurU'Walla,  goo-joorn-w&l'IS,,  or  Giyranwala, 
go5dj^ran-w&'li,  written  also  Gudshranwalla  and  Gur- 
z  era  wale,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district  of  the 
same  name,  44  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  19,381. 

Gujurn-walla,  or  Givjranwala,  a  district  of  the 
Punjab,  India,  in  the  Lahore  division,  N.  of  the  Lahore 
district.  Area,  2561  square  miles.  Capital,  Gujurn-walla. 
Pop.  616,361. 

Gnladgad,  goo-l&d-g&d',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bom- 
bay presidency.     Pop.  10,800. 

Gulahan,  goo-l&-h&n',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dia- 
trict.     Pop.  5122. 

Guldbrandsdal,  goold'br&nds-d&l\  a  valley  of  Nor- 
way, commences  at  Lillehammer,  where  the  Loagen  falla 
into  the  Lake  of  Miosen,  and  continues  along  the  course  of 
the  stream  to  the  foot  of  the  Dovrefield  Mountains.  Iti 
length  is  about  168  miles. 


GUL 

Gnl'dens,  a  station  In  Adams  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
A  Gettysburg  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Gettysburg. 

Guldscha,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  Kooldja. 

Gulf.  For  all  gulfs  not  undermentioned,  see  additional 
name.  / 

Gulf,  a  village  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C.,  4  miles  from/ 
Egypt  Depot.  It  has  2  ^churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  foundryJ 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  Gulf  township,  1786.  f 

Gulf  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monlgomery  co..  Pa.,  f- 
Upper  Merion  township,  4  miles  S.  of  JJ^tfristown.     It  hi 
a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.  * 

Gulf  of  Aden,  i'dSn,  that  portion  of  sea  lying  betweeh 
the  north  coast  of  Adel,  terminating  B.  with  Cape  Gu*l-d4- 
fui  and  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia,  between  Ras  Arrah  and  RqiS 
Agab;  the  former  in  lat.  12°  40'  N.,  Ion.  44°  E.,  the  latt* 
in  lat.  15°  15'  N.,  Ion.  51°  30'  E.  Its  length  from  E.  t^ 
W.  is  about  480  miles,  its  breadth  from  160  to  200  miles,   i 

Gulf  of  ^gina,  ee-ji'ni  (anc.  Saron'icus  Si'nus)^^ 
on  the  E.  side  of  Greece,  between  Attica  and  Peloponnesus, 
is  about  60  miles  in  length,  and  30  in  breadth.  It  contains 
the  islands  of  Salamis  and  ^gina,  and  several  islets. 

Gulf  of  Akabah,  4'kfl,-b5.  (anc.  Si'nu*  JElanWicus), 
the  eastern  horn  of  the  Red  Sea  after  its  bifurcation  in  lat. 
28°  N.,  extending  N.N.E.  to  lat.  29°  36'  N.,  bounding  the 
peninsula  of  Sinai  on  the  B.     Average  breadth,  12  miles. 

Gulf  of  Almeria,  3,1-mi-ree'i,  in  Granada,  Spain,  is 
about  25  miles  in  width,  and  about  10  miles  in  length. 

Gulf  of  Arca'dia,  a  gulf  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea, 
Greece.  It  is  shallow,  and  has  Cape  Katacolo  on  the  N.  and 
Cape  Konello  on  the  S.,  distant  from  each  other  35  miles. 

Gulf  of  Archangel.    See  Archangel  Bay. 

Gulf  of  Ar'ta  (anc.  Si'nua  Ambra'cius),  a  gulf  of  the 
Ionian  Sea,  in  the  Mediterranean,  forms  part  of  the  N. 
frontier  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  in  lat.  39°  N.  and  Ion. 
21°  E.  It  is  nearly  landlocked,  having  Acarnania  on  the 
S.  and  E.  and  Albania  on  the  N.  Length,  25  miles; 
breadth,  from  4  to  10  miles.  The  famous  naval  battle  of 
Actium  was  fought  near  the  entrance  of  this  gulf,  b.c.  31. 

Gulf  of  Avio'na,  an  inlet  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  ex- 
tending for  10  miles  inland,  by  5  miles  in  width,  and  sepa- 
rated from  the  Strait  of  Otranto  by  Cape  Linguetta. 

Gulf  of  Bimini.    See  Bahama  Channel. 

Gulf  of  Boni,  bo'nee,  called  also  Bughis  (boo'ghees) 
Bay,  is  about  200  miles  in  length,  by  from  40  to  80 
miles  in  breadth,  and  separates  the  two  southern  penin- 
sulas of  Celebes. 

Gulf  of  Both'nia  (Sw.  Botten  Wiken,  bot't?n  wee'k§n), 
a  gulf  of  E-urope,  forming  the  northern  part  of  the  Baltic 
Sea,  between  lat.  60°  and  66°  N.  and  Ion.  17°  and  25°  35'  E., 
from  the  Aland  Islands  to  Torneft,  having  E.  Finland,  and 
W.  Sweden.  Length,  400  miles;  average  breadth,  about 
100  miles.  It  receives  nearly  all  the  great  rivers  of  Swe- 
den and  Finland.  On  its  shores  are  the  towns  of  AbOjVasa, 
Uie4borg,  Tornea,  Piteft,  Ume4,  Hernosand,  and  Gefle. 

Gulf  of  Cabes,  ki'b^s,  or  more  correctly  gi'b§s  (anc. 
Syr'tis  Mi'nor),  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  theN.E. 
coast  of  Africa,  between  the  islands  of  Kerkini  and  Jerba. 
Lat.  about  34°  N.;  Ion.  from  10°  to  11°  B.  On  its  shores 
are  the  towns  of  Cabes,  or  Khabs,  and  Sfax. 

Gulf  of  Califor'nia,  or  Sea  of  Cor'tes  (Spanish 
pron.  koR-tfis')  (Sp.  Mar  Bermejo,  maR  BjR-mi'Ho;  i.e., 
"red  sea"),  an  arm  of  the  Pacific,  between  lat.  23°  and  32° 
30'  N.,  Ion.  107°  and  114°  W.,  separating  the  peninsula  of 
California  on  the  W.  from  Sonora  and  Cinaloa  (Mexico)  on 
the  B.  Length,  about  700  miles ;  breadth  varies  from  40  to 
100  miles.  Its  coast  is  irregular,  forming  on  both  sides 
many  small  bays  or  gulfs.  It  contains  numerous  islands ; 
and  at  its  N.  extremity  it  receives  the  river  Colorado.  The 
villages  of  Loreto,  La  Paz,  and  Quaymas  are  on  its  shores. 
It  has  long  been  noted  for  its  pearl-fishery. 

Gulf  of  Cambay,  kam'bi',  lies  on  the  W.  coast  of 
India,  S.  and  E.  of  the  Kattywar  Peninsula,  between  lat. 
21°  5'  and  22°  17'  N.  and  Ion.  72°  19'  and  72°  51'  E.  Length, 
72  miles;  breadth,  32  miles  at  entrance.  The  tides  are  ex- 
tremely rapid,  and  their  rise  and  fall  great.  It  receives  the 
rivers  Nerbudda,  Dhadar,  and  Mhye,  or  Mahy,  from  the  B., 
the  Sabermuttee  from  the  N.,  and  the  Bhadar  from  the  W. 

Gulf  of  Campeachy,  kam-pee'che,  a  name  applied 
to  that  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  which  is  enclosed  by  the 
Mexican  stotes  Yucatan,  Campeachy,Tabasco,  and  Vera  Cruz. 
Gulf  of  Cariaco,  ka,-ree-i'ko,  on  the  coast  of  Vene- 
laela,  is  40  miles  in  length  from  W.  to  E.,  by  10  miles  in  its 
greatest  breadth.     It  has  richly-wooded  shores. 

Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  kar-pen-ti're-a,  a  large  gulf, 
indenting  deeply  the  N.  coast  of  Australia,  between  Capes 
Arnhem  and  York.  Average  length  and  breadth,  about  350 
miles  each.      It  contains  Grooto  Eylandt,  Wellesley,  and 


,\    ha 


Qiany  other  islands.  Its  E.  coast  was  discovered  by  a  Dutch 
Commander  in  1606,  this  being  the  first  authenticated  dis- 
covery of  any  part  of  the  Australian  continent. 

Gulf  of  CasteNa-Mare,  k&s-tdr-&-m&'r&,  an  ex 
tensive  bay  of  Sicily,  on  its  N.  coast,  about  lat.  38°  10'  N. 
and  Ion.  13°  E.,  16  miles  W.  of  Palermo.  Its  entrance  i« 
bounded  by  Capes  St.  Vito  and  Uomo-Morto. 

Gulf  of  Catania,  k&-t&'ne-&,  an  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, on  the  B.  coast  of  Sicily,  extending  from  La 
Trezza  Bay,  near  Aci  Reale,  to  Cape  Santa  Croce,  near 
Agosta,  a  distance  of  18  miles.  It  receives  the  Giarretta 
River;  and  the  city  of  Catania  and  towns  of  Castello  d'Aoi, 
Lenza,  and  La  Bruca  are  on  its  shores. 

Gulf  of  Cattaro,  or  Bocca  di  Cattaro,  bok'k& 
de  kit't4-ro,  a  tortuous  inlet  of  the  Adriatic,  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  30  miles  in  length, 
consisting  of  3  basins  connected  by  straits.  It  is  the  best 
harbor  in  the  Adriatic.  The  towns  of  Cattaro,  Castel 
Nuovo,  Perasto,  and  Dobrota  are  on  its  shores. 

Gulf  of  Cheskaya.    See  Cheskaya. 

Gulf  of  Conchagua,  kon-ch4'gw4,  or  Fonseca, 
fon-s&'k&,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  the  states 
of  San  Salvador  and  Nicaragua,  is  40  miles  in  breadth. 

Gulf  of  Contessa.    See  Gulp  op  Orphano. 

Gulf  of  Corcobado  or  Corcovado,  kor-ko-vi'- 
do,  on  the  W.  coast  of  South  America,  between  the  S.  part 
of  the  island  of  Chiloe  and  the  mainland. 

Gulf  of  Cor'inth,  or  Gulf  of  Lepan'to  (anc.  Co- 
rinthi'acut  Si'nus),  an  arm  of  the  Mediterranean,  extending 
into  the  centre  of  Independent  Greece,  and  separating  the 
Morea  on  the  S.  from  Uellas  on  the  N.  Length,  from  W. 
to  E.,  75  miles;  average  breadth,  15  miles.  It  communi- 
cates northward  with  the  Gulf  of  Patras  by  the  Strait  of 
Lepanto.  The  shores  are  highly  picturesque,  and  in  many 
parts  very  fertile;  around  them  are  the  towns  of  Lepanto, 
Galaxidi,  Livadostro,  Corinth,  and  Vostizza. 

Gulf  of  Cos,  called  also  Gulf  of  Boo^droom'  (anc. 
Ceram'icu»  Si'niu),on  the  coast  of  Anatolia,  near  the  island 
of  Cos,  is  17  miles  wide  at  its  entranoe,  and  extends  inland 
52  miles. 

Gulf  of  Cntch,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  S.  of  the 
Cntoh  Peninsula  and  N.  of  that  of  Kattywar.  It  is  con- 
tinuous eastward  with  the  Runn  of  Cutoh. 

Gulf  of  Dant'zic,  in  East  and  West  Prussia,  is  an 
inlet  of  the  Baltic,  65  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It 
is  separated  from  the  Frische-HafF  by  the  Frische-Nehrung, 
a  long  narrow  tongue  of  land  on  the  S.E.  On  it  are  the 
towns  of  Pillau,  Putzig,  and  Hela. 

Gulf  of  Darien,  d&-ree-en',  a  portion  of  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  republic  of  Colombia,  in  Int.  9°  N.  and  Ion.  77° 
W.,  having  W.  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  or  Panama.  At  its 
S.  extremfty  an  inlet,  termed  the  Bay  of  Choco,  receives 
the  river  Atrato. 

Gulf  of  Exmonth.    See  Exmouth  Gulp. 

Gulf  of  Florida.    See  Bahama  Channel. 

Gulf  of  Gaeta,  g&-A.'t&,  an  inlet  of  the  Meditor- 
ranean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Italy.  Lat.  41°  N.;  Ion.  13° 
40'  E.     On  its  N.B.  side  it  receives  the  river  Garigliano. 

Gulf  of  Gastouni  or  Gastuni,  g&s-too'nee,  a  bay 
in  the  Morea,  opposite  Zante,  between  Capes  Kurnia  and 
Skaphidia,  and  receiving  the  Gastouni  River  (anc.  Pene'ua). 

Gulf  of  Genoa,  jen'o-a,  a  wide  bay  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, N.  of  Corsica  and  S.  of  Liguria,  in  Italy,  forming 
an  angle,  near  the  summit  of  which  Genoa  is  situated.  The 
Bay  of  Spezia  is  its  chief  inlet. 

Gulf  of  Geor'gia,  an  inlet  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
separating  Vancouver  Island  from  the  mainland  of  British 
Columbia.  It  communicates  with  the  Pacific  Ocean  by 
Queen  Charlotte's  Sound,  from  which  it  extends  southeast- 
ward to  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca  and  Puget  Sound.  It 
is  about  250  miles  long  and  30  miles  wide. 

Gulf  of  Giova,  Anatolia.    See  Gulp  op  Cos. 

Gulf  of  Grimaud,  gree^mo'  (anc.  Samhracita'nuB  Si'- 
nua), an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.  coast  of  France, 
department  of  Var,  called  also  the  Gulf  of  Saint-Tropez. 

Gulf  of  Guayaquil,  gwi-4-keel',  an  inlet  of  the  Pa- 
cific, in  Ecuador,  mostly  between  lat.  2°  and  4°  S.  and  Ion. 
80°  and  81°  W.  It  receives  the  Guayaa,  Daule,  and  Tumbez 
Rivers,  and  contains  the  islands  of  Puna  and  Santa  Clara. 

Gulf  of  Guinea,  ghin'ee,  a  gulf  formed  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  between  lat.  6°  20' 
N.  and  1°  S.  and  Ion.  7°  30'  W.  and  10°  E.  It  forms  on  the 
N.  and  E.  the  Bights  of  Benin  and  Biafra,  which  are  sepa- 
rated by  the  delta  of  the  Quorra  or  Niger.  The  principal 
islands  in  the  gulf  are  Fernando  Po,  Prince's  Island,  St. 
Thomas,  and  Annobon. 

Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.    See  Bat  of  Iskanderooi' 


GUL 


133; 


GUL 


Gulf  of  Ismeed  (or  Ismid),  is'meed'  (anc.  Aatace'nua 
Si'ntu),  an  inlet  forming  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  45  miles  in  length  and  25  miles  in  breadth. 

Gulf  of  Jijiginsk,  Ggighinsk,  or  Gijiginsk,  je- 

je-ghinsk',  written  also  Ijighinsk,  an  arm  of  the  Gulf  of 
Penjinsk,  from  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  between  lat.  60°  and 
80°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  155°  and  160°  E. 

Gulf  of  Kandalaska,  kin-di-lis'ki,  a  gulf  of  North 
Russia,  formed  by  the  W.  part  of  the  White  Sea.  It  pene- 
trates deeply  into  Russian  Lapland.  Length,  130  miles; 
average  breadth,  40  miles. 

Gulf  of  Kerkinit,  kSr-ke-nit',  or  Kerkinet,  kfir- 
ke-nfit'  (anc.  Cercine'tis  Si'ntu  f),a,n  inlet  of  the  Black  Sea, 
on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  Crimea. 

Gulf  of  Kolokythia  or  Colokythia,  ko-Io-ke-thee'i 
(anc.  Laco'nicus  Si'nus),  called  also  the  Gulf  of  Mara- 
thonisi,  a  gulf  of  Greece,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Morea. 

Gulf  of  Ko'ron,  or  Gulf  of  Kalamata,  ki-lfl,- 
mi'ti,  a  gulf  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Morea,  Greece,  having 
Messenia  on  the  W.  and  Laconia  on  the  E. 

Gulf  of  Kos,  Anatolia.     See  Gulf  of  Cos. 

Gulf  of  Lagos,  li'gos,  a  gulf  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Adrianople. 

Gulf  of  Lamia,  li-mee'i  (or  Zeitonn,  zi-toon') 
(anc.  Mali'aeus  Si'nua),  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greece, 
joining  on  the  S.E.  the  Channel  of  Talanda  and  on  the  N.E. 
the  Channel  of  Trikeri.  It  receives  the  river  Hellada  (anc. 
Sper'chiua),  and  on  its  S.  shore  are  the  plain  and  pass  of 
Thermopyl®. 

Gulf  of  Leao-Tong,  li-i'o-tSng,  an  inlet  of  the  Yel- 
low Sea,  is  150  miles  long  and  from  70  to  120  miles  broad. 

Gulf  of  Lepanto,  Greece.    See  Gulf  op  Corinth. 

Gulf  of  Livonia,  Russia.    See  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Gulf  of  Lyons,  U'quz  (anc.  Gal'licus  Si'nua;  Fr. 
Ool/e  du  Lion,  golf  dii  lee^iu*',  i.e.,  "  gulf  of  the  lion"),  a 
wide  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  washing  most  of  the  S. 
coast  of  France.  The  coast  is  very  much  diversified,  but 
along  some  parts  are  extensive  lagoons  and  low  islands.  It 
receives  the  Rhone,  Orbe,  Aude,  and  Tet  Rivers.  On  it 
are  the  towns  of  Marseilles,  Cette,  and  Port  Vendres. 

Gulf  of  Manaar,  mS,-n3,B',  an  inlet  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  between  Ceylon  and  the  S.  extremity  of  India,  120 
miles  in  width  at  its  entrance,  and  separated  northward 
from  Palk's  Strait  by  the  islands  of  Ramisseram  and  Ma- 
naar and  a  reef  termed  Adam's  Bridge. 

Gulf  of  Manfredo'nia  (anc.  U'rias  Si'mia),  a,n  inlet 
of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  in  South  Italy,  provinces  of  Foggia 
and  Bari,  about  15  miles  in  length,  and  30  miles  wide  at 
its  entrance,  S.  of  the  Garganian  Promontory. 

Gulf  of  Maracaybo,  mar-i-ki'bo  (Sp.  Gol/o  de  Ma- 
raeayho,  gol'fo  di  mi-ri-ki'bo),  an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  bounded  eastward  by  the  peninsula  of  Paraguana,  im- 
mediately S.  of  which  is  that  part  of  it  called  El  Golfete. 
It  extends  N.  and  S.  about  75  miles ;  extreme  breadth,  about 
150  miles.     It  contains  several  small  islands. 

Gulf  of  Maratkonisi.    See  Gulf  of  Kolokythia. 

Gulf  of  MarUaban',  an  inlet  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
Detween  lat.  14°  and  17°  N.  and  Ion.  94°  and  98°  E.,  having 
N.  British  Burmah  and  E.  the  British  Tenasserim  provinces. 
It  receives  the  Irrawaddy,  Setang,  and  Salwin  Rivers,  and 
on  its  E.  coast  is  the  town  of  Amherst. 

Gulf  of  Mex'ico,  a  large  indentation  on  the  E.  coast 
of  North  America,  washing  the  shores  of  Mexico  and  the 
United  States,  measuring  about  1000  miles  from  E.  to  W. 
and  800  miles  from  N.  to  S. ;  estimated  area,  800,000  square 
miles.  It  is  partly  formed  by  the  peninsulas  of  Florida 
and  Yucatan,  nearly  in  a  line  between  which  lies  the  island 
of  Cuba,  leaving  a  communication  on  its  N.  with  the  At- 
lantic through  the  Florida  Channel,  and  on  its  S.  with  the 
Caribbean  Sea  through  the  Channel  of  Yucatan.  It  re- 
ceives a  number  of  important  rivers,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  Mississippi  and  the  Rio  Grande.  The  gulf  is  free 
from  banks,  and  contains  only  a  few  small  rocky  islands  on 
thb  coasts  of  Yucatan,  with  the  Florida  Reef  near  its  E. 
extremity.  The  shores  are  low,  and  generally  lined  with  flat 
Ban  Jy  islands,  not  far  from  the  land,  and  numerous  lagoons. 
There  are  few  harbors,  and  the  rivers  which  fall  into  it  are 
obstructed  by  bars  at  their  mouth,  which  render  them  all, 
except  the  Mississippi,  nearly  inaccessible  for  vessels  of 
large  draught.  A  current  of  water  entering  the  gulf  from 
the  Caribbean  Sea  is  soon  divided  into  two  portions,  the 
one  running  E.  along  the  coast  of  Cuba,  the  other  W.,  in  a 
curved  line  through  the  middle  of  the  gulf,  round  towards 
the  Florida  Channel,  where  it  meets  the  other  current,  and 
the  two  united  form  the  Gulf  Stream.  The  temperature  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  86°  in  summer,  or  6°  higher  than 
that  of  the  ocean  in  the  8am«  parallel.     At  high  tide  the 


Pacific  rises  several  feet  above  the  level  of  the  gulf,  and  at 
low  water  it  falls  as  far  below  it. 

Gulf  of  Milazzo,  me-l&t'so,  Sicily,  extends  16  milet 
E.  of  the  town  of  Milazzo,  and  has  been  the  theatre  of 
many  engagements  in  ancient  and  modern  times. 

Gulf  of  Nauplia,  naw'ple-a,  or  Napoli,  n&'po-le 
(anc.  Argol'icuB  Si'nus),  an  inlet  of  the  ^gean  Sea,  Greece, 
between  the  two  E.  arms  of  the  iVIorea.  Length,  30  miles; 
breadth,  20  milesat  its  entrance.  It  contains  several  small 
islands,  the  chie^n^ing  Spezzia,  at  its  mouth.  It  receives 
the  Xeria  Rivw,  on  which  Argos  is  situated. 

Gulf  of  Obi,  o'bee  or  ob'?,  the  wide  estuary  of  the 

,  OttMliver,  in  Siberia,  forming  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean, 

between  lat.  67°  30'  and  72°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  72°  and  77°  E. 

It  receives  the  Obi  at  its  S.E.  extremity,  and  on  its  E.  it  has 

an  arm  called  Tazovsk  Bay. 

Gulf  of  Onega,  o-n^'g&,  the  southernmost  portion  of 
the  White  Sea,  mostly  between  lat.  63°  50'  and  65°  N.,  Ion. 
34°  30'  and  38°  E.  Length,  about  90  miles.  At  its  mouth 
is  the  island  of  Solovetskoi. 

Gulf  of  Oristano,  o-ris-t&'no,  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, between  Capes  Frasca  and  San  Marco.  It  is  10  miles 
in  length  by  5  miles  in  breadth,  and  receives  the  river 
Oristano,  which  enters  it  after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles. 

Gulf  of  Or'mus,  a  term  sometimes  applied  to  the 
S.E.  portion  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Gulf  of  Orphano,  or'fi-no,  called  also  Gulf  of 
Contes'sa  (anc.  Strymon'icua  Si'nus),  a  gulf  of  the  ^gean 
Sea,  N.W.  of  Mount  Athos.     Length,  about  20  miles. 

Gulf  of  Palae^ocas'tro,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  ol 
Crete. 

Gulf  of  Pal'mas,agulf  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  between  this  island  and  Antioco. 

Gulf  of  Panama,  p3,n-a-m5,',  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  between  lat.  7°  and  9°  N.  and  Ion. 
78'^  and  80°  25'  W.  Length  and  breadth  at  the  entrance, 
about  120  miles  each.  Its  W.  part  is  called  the  Gulf  of 
Piirita;  on  its  E.  side  is  the  Gulf  of  San  Miguel.  The 
Q  ulf  of  Panama  contains  the  Pearl  Islands. 

Gulf  of  Paria,  pi're-i,  in  Venezuela,  is  an  inlet  of 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  between  the  island  of  Trinidad  and  the 
mainland,  lat.  10°-10°  40'  N.,  Ion.  62°  W.  Length,  100 
miles.     It  receives  several  arms  of  the  Orinoco. 

Gulf  of  Patras,  p4-tr4ss',  an  inlet  of  the  Ionian  Sea, 
having  the  Morea  on  the  S.  and  Acarnania  and  iEtolia  on 
the  N.  Length,  22  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  13  miles.  It 
Leads  into  the  Corinthian  Gulf  by  the  Strait  of  Lepanto. 

Gulf  of  Patti,  pit' tee,  a  semicircular  bay  of  Sicily, 
20  miles  across,  between  the  promontory  of  Milazzo  and 
Cape  Calava.  On  a  headland  on  its  S.  side  are  considerable 
remains  of  the  ancient  Tyn'daris. 

Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee  (Chee-Lee,  or  Chili), 
an  inlet  of  the  Yellow  Sea,  between  lat.  37°  10'  and  39°  20' 
N.  and  Ion.  118°  and  121°  E.,  communicating  N.  with  the 
Gulf  of  Leao-Tong,  and  E.  with  the  Yellow  Sea,  bounded 
on  other  sides  by  the  Chinese  provinces  of  Pe-Chee-Lee  and 
Shan-Toong.  Length  and  breadth,  about  160  miles  each. 
It  receives  the  Pei-Ho  River  on  the  W.,  the  Hoang-Ho  on 
the  S.W.,  and  the  Chan-Tou  on  the  N. 

Gulf  of  Peftas,  pSn'yis,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patago 
nia.     Lat.  47°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  75°  W.     In  it  are  the  Guaianeco 
Islands. 

Gulf  of  Penjinsk,  pSn-jinsk',  a  gulf  of  Siberia,  on 
the  N.E.  side  of  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  formed  on  the  W.  by 
a  peninsula  which  separates  it  from  the  Gulf  of  Jijiginsk. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long,  by  30  miles  broad. 

Gulf  of  Perekop,  p5R'§-kop',  an  inlet  of  the  Sea 
of  Azof,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  Crimea.  Length,  70  miles. 
The  Isthmus  of  Perekop  separates  it  from  the  Sivash. 

Gulf  of  Quarnero,  kwaR-ni'ro,  in  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
between  Istria  and  the  Hungarian  coast,  is  15  miles  in 
length  and  in  breadth.  It  is  nearly  enclosed  seaward  by 
the  islands  of  Cherso  and  Yeglia,  and  communicates  with 
the  Adriatic  by  3  channels. 

Gulf  of  Riga,  ree'gi,  or  Livonia,  le-yo'ne-&,  an 
inlet  of  the  Baltic  Sea,  in  Russia,  between  Livonia  and  Cour- 
land.  It  extends  from  lat.  57°  to  58°  30'  N.,  and  from  Ion. 
22  to  24°  20'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  100  miles ;  breadth, 
80  miles.  The  island  of  Oesel  covers  almost  all  its  entrance. 
It  receives  the  DUna,  Aa,  and  Fennern  Rivers. 

Gulf  of  Saint  George,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantio 
Ocean,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia,  between  lat.  45°  and 
47°  S.  and  Ion.  65°  and  67°  W. 

Gulf  of  Saint  Law'rence,  a  large  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantio Ocean,  in  North  America,  surrounded  by  the  British 
colonial  provinces  Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Sootia* 


GUL 


1338 


GUL 


and  Newfoundland.  It  communicates  on  the  E.  with  the 
ocean  by  3  passages,  the  northernmost  being  the  Strait  of 
Belle  Isle  and  the  southernmost  the  Gut  of  Canso.  A  verage 
length  and  breadth,  280  miles  each.  On  its  W.  side  are  the 
Bays  of  Chaleurs  and  Miramichi  and  the  estuary  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  River.  It  contains  Anticosti,  Prince  Edward, 
the  Magdalen  and  many  other  islands.  Its  fisheries  are 
highly  important. 

Gulf  of  Salerno,  s4-l5r'no  (anc.  Pmsta'nua  Si'ntu), 
an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  in  Italy,  separated  from  the 
Bay  of  Naples  by  Cape  Campanella,  Breadth,  36  miles. 
It  receives  the  river  Sale,  and  on  its  shores  are  Salerno, 
Amalfi,  and  the  remains  of  Pxstum. 

Gnlf  of  Salonica,  si-Io-nee'ki  (anc.  Therma'icua  or 
TherfMt'ut  Si'mia),  an  arm  of  the  ^gean  Sea,  between  the 
coast  of  Thessaly  and  the  peninsulas  of  Chalcidice  and 
Cassandra.  Length,  70  miles ;  breadth  at  its  entrance,  30 
miles.  It  receives  the  Salembria  (anc.  Pene'us),  Indje- 
Kara-Soo,  and  Vardar  (anc.  Ax'iua)  Rivers. 

Gulf  of  Saros,  s&'ros,  an  inlet  of  the  iBgean  Sea,  in 
European  Turkey,  separated  from  the  Hellespont  by  the 
peninsula  of  Gallipoli.  Length,  40  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 
Near  its  head  are  the  islets  of  Saros. 

Gulf  of  Sassari,  sis'si-re,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia, receives  the  rivers  Turritano  and  Selema. 

Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  ski'li  no'vi,  in  Asia  Minor, 
is  4.5  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  with  an  average  breadth 
of  20  miles.  The  island  of  Samos  forms  the  greater  part 
of  its  S.  coast. 

Gulf  of  Si^am',  between  lat.  7°  and  14°  N.  and  Ion. 
99°  and  105°  E.,  is  wholly  surrounded  by  Siam,  except  on 
the  S.,  where  it  opens  into  the  China  Sea.  Length,  500 
miles;  breadth  at  entrance,  300  miles.  It  receives  the 
Menam  and  several  other  rivers. 

Gulf  of  Sid'ra  (anc.  Syr'tit  Ma'jor),  the  principal  inlet 
of  the  Mediterranean  on  its  African  side,  between  lat.  30° 
and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and  21°  E. 

Gulf  of  Smyrna,  smir'na  (anc.  Smyrnm'%i*  Si'nttt), 
an  inlet  of  the  ^gean  Sea,  extends  inland  for  45  miles ;  the 
breadth  of  its  entrance  is  22  miles.  It  has  in  most  parts 
good  anchorage,  and  ships  of  large  burden  can  anchor  close 
to  the  quays  of  Smyrna,  near  its  E.  extremity.  It  contains 
several  islands,  the  principal  of  which,  Long  or  English 
Island,  is  5  miles  in  length. 

Gulf  of  Spezia,  Italy.    See  Bay  of  Spezia. 

Gulf  of  Squillace,  skwil-li'chi  (anc.  Si'nua  Squila'- 
•lus),  an  inlet  of  the  Ionian  Sea,  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
Italy,  35  miles  wide. 

Gulf  of  Suez,  soo-gz',  the  W.  arm  of  the  Red  Sea  after 
its  bifurcation  in  lat.  28°  N.,  whence  it  extends  N.W.  to 
lat.  30°  N.  Length,  200  miles ;  average  breadth,  30  miles. 
Its  shores  are  desert,  and  alternately  present  arid  plains  and 
rocky  headlands. 

Gulf  of  Symi,  see'mee  (anc.  Si'nua  Dor'idia),  an  inlet 
of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor, 
bounded  by  2  long  promontories,  the  N.W.  of  which  ( Trio- 

gium  Promontorium)  separates  it  from  the  Gulf  of  Cos. 
epth  inland,  and  breadth  at  entrance,  about  27  miles  each. 
On  its  E.  side  are  3  subordinate  bays  (anc.  Thymniaa, 
SchoenvMf  and  Buhaaaiua).  The  shores  are  very  picturesque, 
and  on  them  are  various  cyclopean  and  other  remains. 
At  its  entrance  is  the  island  of  Symi. 

Gulf  of  Talanda,  ti-l4n'di,  an  inlet  on  the  S.W. 
■ide  of  the  Euripus,  in  Greece,  11  miles  in  breadth  at  its 
entrance.     It  contains  the  island  of  Talanda. 

Gulf  of  Taranto,  ti'rin-to,  a  large  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea,  bounded,  except  on  the  S.E.,  by  the  Italian 
provinces  of  Calabria,  Basilicata,  and  Lecce.  Length,  70 
miles;  breadth  of  entrance  between  Capes  Nau  and  Santii 
Maria  di  Leuca,  70  miles ;  average  breadth,  60  miles.  It 
receives  all  the  rivers  of  Basilicata,  and  the  Crati  and  Neto 
from  Calabria. 

Gulf  of  Tartary,  Asia.    See  Tarrakai. 

Gulf  of  Tcheskaya.    See  Cheskaya. 

Gulf  of  Tehuantepec,  ti-win-ti-pfik',  a  bay  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  bounded  by  the  Mexican  states  of  Oajaca  and 
Chiapas.  Lat.  16°  N.,  Ion.  from  94°  to  95°  W.  It  receives 
the  river  Tehuantepec  10  miles  S.  of  the  town.     See  Te- 

HUANTEPEa 

Gulf  of  Tlemcen,  tlfim-sSn',  an  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, in  Algeria,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tlemcen,  oppo- 
site Cape  Gata,  in  Andalusia. 

Gulf  of  Tonquin,  ton'keen',  an  inlet  of  the  China 
Bea,  surrounded  by  Tonquin,  the  Chinese  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  and  the  island  of  Hainan.  Length,  300  miles; 
average  breadth,  150  miles.  It  receives  the  Sang-Koi  and 
many  other  rivers,  and  contains  numerous  islands. 


Gulf  of  Triest,  tre-fot'  (anc.  Tergeati'nm  Si' nus),  the 
head  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  E.  of  Cape  Salvatore  (Istria), 
and  the  mouth  of  the  river  Tagliamento,  20  miles  in  length 
and  in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It  receives  the  Isonzo  and 
the  Stella,  and  contains  the  island  of  Grade. 

Gulf  of  Triste,  tris'tA,  a  bay  of  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
in  South  America,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Venezuela,  lat.  10° 
30'  N.,  and  between  Ion.  67°  30'  and  68°  30'  W. 

Gulf  of  Tunis,  tu'niss,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
extends  inland  for  30  miles,  between  Capes  Bon  and  Farina. 
Breadth  at  entrance,  45  miles.  It  everywhere  affords  good 
anchorage  in  from  4  to  10  fathoms  of  water,  receives  the 
river  Mejerda,  and  has  on  its  S.W.  side  the  Goletta,  or  en- 
trance to  the  lagoon  of  Tunis,  and  the  ruins  of  Carthage. 

Gulf  of  Venice.    See  Adriatic. 

Gulf  of  Volo,  vo'lo  (anc.  jSt'nu*  Pelaa'gicut),  an  inlet 
of  the  ^gean  Sea,  formerly  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Turkey  and  Greece,  bounded  E.  by  the  peninsula  of  Za- 
gora,  and  opening  southward  into  the  Channel  of  Trikeri. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  18  miles  each.  In  it  is  the 
island  of  Trikeri. 

Gnlf  of  Xeros,  Turkey.     See  Gulf  op  Saros. 

Gulf  of  Yed'do,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  Japan.  Length,  from 
S.  to  N.,  70  miles ;  breadth  at  entrance,  40  miles.  At  its 
N.  extremity  are  the  city  of  Tokio  (formerly  Yeddo)  and  the 
mouths  of  several  rivers. 

Gulf  of  Zeitoun,  Greece.    See  Gulf  of  Lamia. 

Gulf  Stream,  an  oceanic  current  of  extraordinary 
climatic  importance.  It  flows  out  of  the  Carribean  Sea, 
passes  through  the  Strait  of  Florida,  and  pursues  a  N.E. 
course  nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  United  States.  It 
is  about  50  miles  wide  at  the  narrowest  part,  and  runs  at 
the  rate  of  5  miles  an  hour  near  Florida,  lat.  32°  N.  In 
proportion  as  its  volume  expands,  its  velocity  diminishes,  so 
that  the  average  rate  of  motion  is  about  35  miles  a  day,  or 
H  miles  an  hour.  On  issuing  from  the  Strait  of  Florida 
the  color  of  the  water  is  a  dark  indigo  blue,  and  the  tem- 
perature is  about  87°  Fahr.,  which  is  gradually  reduced  as 
it  proceeds ;  but  the  temperature  of  the  Gulf  Stream  is 
everywhere  higher  than  that  of  the  adjacent  part  of  the 
ocean.  After  it  has  arrived  at  the  Bank  of  Newfoundland, 
it  turns  eastward,  crosses  the  Atlantic,  and  divides  into  two 
portions,  one  of  which  washes  the  shores  and  tempers  the 
climate  of  the  British  Islands,  on  which  tropical  fruits  have 
been  sometimes  drifted  by  this  current.  There  is  reason  to 
believe  that  the  permanent  influence  of  the  Gulf  Stream 
has  produced  the  mild  and  genial  climate  of  Western  Europe 
as  compared  with  the  climate  of  corresponding  latitudes  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Atlantic.  In  consequence  of  this  current, 
Ireland  is  a  scene  of  perpetual  verdure,  and  the  harbors 
on  the  western  coast  of  Norway  remain  open  when  the 
more  southern  ports  of  the  Baltic  are  closed  with  ice.  Its 
average  width  is  over  300  miles. 

Gulf  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Deposit,  and  32  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church,  2  steam  saw-mills, 
and  2  stores.     It  is  about  1400  feet  above  tide-water. 

Gulgrad  Booroon,  in  Turkey.  See  Cape  Kalakria- 

Gulgula,  Afghanistan.     See  Bamian. 

Gu'Iich,  a  township  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  601. 

Gu'licksville,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pult- 
ney  township,  on  Keuka  Lake. 

Gul'ledge's,  a  township  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1519. 

Gulleghem,  giil'l^h-ghim^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  2  miles  W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3400. 

Gul'ley's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Gull  Island,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Bay 
de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception 
Bay,  22  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  160. 

Gull  Island,  in  the  Race,  at  the  E.  entrance  to  Long 
Island  Sound.  It  contains  a  fixed  light,  50  feet  above  the 
sea,  lat.  41°  12'  18"  N.,  Ion.  72°  6'  45"  W. 

Gul'liver  Cove,  a  village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Digby  Neck,  15  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  100. 

Gull  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Cass  oo., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Crow  Wing.  It  is  nearly  9  milea 
long.  A  short  outlet  issues  from  it,  and  enters  the  Crow 
Wing  River  about  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Gull  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on  Gull 
Lake,  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  churoh 
and  a  grist-mill.     The  lake  is  6  miles  long. 

Gul'ly  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga. 

Gulmar,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Chelimdreh. 

Gulmi,  gool'mee,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  138  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Khatmandoo.     Pop.  ^500. 

Gulpen,  giil'pfn  (Fr.  Qaloppe,  g&Uopp'),  a  Tillage  of 


GUM 


1339 


GUW 


the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maestricht. 
Pop.  2467. 

Gum,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Gutua,  a  town  of  China.    See  Gooma. 

Gumbinnen,  gSSm-bin'n^n,  a  town  of  Bast  Prussia, 
66  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  It  has  a  gymna- 
sium, 2  hospitals,  a  public  library,  schools  of  architecture, 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  and  distilleries.    Pop.  9114. 

Gumbinnen,  a  government  of  East  Prussia,  bounded 
E.  by  Russia.  It  is  a  part  of  the  old  province  of  Lithu- 
ania.    Area,  6103  square  miles.     Pop.  754,774. 

Gumborough,  giim'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Del.,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Laurel,  and  about  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Seaford.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gum  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  36 
miles  S.  of  Kinston. 

Gumbut,  gum^bfit',  a  town  of  Sinde,  10  miles  E.  of 
the  Indus.     Lat.  27°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  23'  E.     Pop.  3000. 

Gum  City,  Cass  co.,  Mo.    See  Gun  City. 

Gum  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga. 

Gum  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ky. 

Gum  Grove  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Yazoo  City. 

Gumha,  gum'hd,,  a  small  town  of  India,  on  the  S.  slope 
of  the  Himalayas,  in  lat.  31°  56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  38'  E. 

Gumiel  de  Izan,  goo-me-51'  di  e-thin',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  S.  of  Burgos.     Pop.  1393. 

Gumiel  de  Mercado,  goo-me-fl  di  mcR-ki'Do,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  of  Burgos,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Gumiel 
de  Izan.     Pop.  1583. 

Gumish-Khaneh,  Turkey.    See  Goomish-Khaneh. 

Gum  Island,  a  station  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Houston,  Tex. 

Gum  Log,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Russellville. 

Gummersbach,  go5m'm^rs-b&K\  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  24  miles  E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  2060. 

Gum  Neck,  a  post-township  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Alligator  River.  It  has  some  manu- 
factures of  lumber.     Pop.  1068. 

Gumooijeena,  Gumurjina,  or  Ghumourdjina, 
gum-ooR-jee'ni,  written  also  Ghumurdjina,  Komuld- 
sina,  or  Kemouldjina,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  near  the  iEgean  Sea,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Adriano- 
ple.     Pop.  8000  (?). 

Gumpoldskirchen,  gSSm'polts-kScRK^^n,  a  town  of 
Austria,  10  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  2103. 

Gum  Fond,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala. 

Gumri,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Alexandropol. 

Gum  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss. 

Gum  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles 
W.  of  Blountsville. 

Gum  Spring,  Loudoun  co.,  Va.    See  Arcola. 

Gum  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Gum  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Dorsey  co.,  Ark. 

Gum  Stump,  a  station  on  the  Bellefonte  &  Snow  Shoe 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Snow  Shoe  City,  Pa. 

Gum  Sul'phur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Crab  Orchard.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Here 
is  a  mineral  spring. 

Gumsur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Goomsub. 

Gum  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Gumti,  a  river  of  India.     See  Goomty. 

Gumtown,  Lee  oo.,  Mississippi.     See  Guntown. 

Gum  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  High- 
land township,  37  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  station 
on  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad.    It  has  a  church. 

Gumurjina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Gumoorjebna. 

Gunabad,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Goonabad. 

Gun  City,  or  Gum  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  54  miles 
W.  of  Sedalia. 

Gundamuck,gunMi-m\ik',  a  walled  village  of  Afghan- 
isstan,  28  miles  W.  of  Jelalabad. 

Gundava,  giin-di'v4,  a  town  of  Belooohistan,  capital 
^f  Cutch  Gundava,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Kelat. 

Gundava  Pass,  in  Belooohistan.    See  Moola  Pass. 

Gundelfingen,  g55n'd§l-fing^§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  on  the  Brenz,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Augsburg.    P.  2603. 

Gundernhausen,  g5on'd?rn-h6w^z§n,  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg.     Pop.  868. 

Gundhara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Candhar. 

Gundischweil,  Switzerland.     See  Gontensweil. 

Gun'drum,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  railroad  between  Chicago  and  Logansport,  S3  miles 
6.E.  of  the  former  city.     Here  is  a  ohorch. 


Gun^duck',  or  Gandak,  gfinMiik',  a  river  of  India> 
rises  in  the  Himalaya,  traverses  Nepaul  and  Bengal,  and 
reaches  the  Ganges  at  Patna,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  400 
miles.  Its  upper  course  is  swift  and  turbulent,  but  ita 
lower  portion  is  very  serviceable  for  irrigation  and  boat- 
traffic  ;  but  it  mainly  flows  in  a  flat  country,  and,  although 
extensively  diked,  it  loses  much  of  its  volume  in  the  innu- 
merable spill-channels  which  issue  from  it. 

The  Little  Gunduck  flows  parallel  to  the  above,  but 
eastward  of  it,  and  joins  the  Ganges  opposite  Monghir.  It 
is  very  important  as  a  channel  of  commerce. 

Gundwana,  or  GondAvana,  gund-w3,'n3,,  a  former 
country  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  now  mostly  in  the  Central 
Provinces.  It  was  named  from  the  Gonds  (Gands  or 
Goands),  its  dominant  race,  a  rude  and  simple  people, 
Dravidians  in  blood  and  language.  Their  religious  belief 
is  mostly  of  the  simplest  kind,  but  some  are  of  the  Hindoo 
faith.  The  old  monarchs  of  Gundwana  ruled  with  much 
magnificence,  and  constructed  many  splendid  public  works, 
but  the  bulk  of  the  people  seem  to  have  been  always  de- 
graded. The  Gonds  are  often  incorrectly  confounded  with 
the  Khonds.     Their  number  is  placed  at  1,374,578. 

Gunga,  the  Hindoo  name  of  the  Ganges. 

Gunga  Bal,  gun'gi  hk\,  a  small  lake  of  Cashmere,  on 
the  Haramuck  Mountain.     Lat.  34°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  39'  B. 

Gun'goh,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Meerut  division,  dis- 
trict and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Seharunpoor.     Pop.  10,899. 

Gunieh,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Goonieh. 

Gun  Key,  a  narrow  ridge  of  coral  on  the  western  edge 
of  the  Great  Bahama  Bank.  Oh  its  southern  point  is  a 
light,  which  revolves  once  a  minute.  Lat.  25°  34'  30"  N.; 
Ion.  79°  18'  24"  W. 

Gun  Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Gun'nison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Colorado,  is 
drained  by  the  Grand,  Gunnison,  Dolores,  and  Uncom- 
pahgre  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  This  county 
comprises  many  peaks  of  the  Elk  Mountains,  culminating 
in  Castle  Peak,  14,115  feet  high.  Granite  abounds  here. 
Capital,  Gunnison.     Pop.  in  1880,  8235;  in  1890,  4359. 

Gunnison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gunnison  co., 
Col.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  63  miles  by  rail  B.  by 
N.  of  Montrose.  It  has  7  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  smelting- works,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1105. 

Gunnison,  a  post- village  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  about 
20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Manti.     Pop.  500. 

Gunnison  River,  Colorado,  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of 
the  Sawatch  Range,  very  near  Italian  Peak.  It  runs  west- 
ward and  northwestward  in  Lake  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Grand  River  in  lat.  39°  4'  N.,  Ion.  108°  33'  W.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  flows  in  several  canons,  one  of 
which  is  about  50  miles  long  and  2600  feet  deep.  The 
walls  of  this  canon  are  granitic. 

Gunnum,  giin'niim,  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Persian  Gulf,  about  4  miles  long  and  1  mile  broad. 

Gunong-Api,  an  island.     See  Goonong-Apeb. 

Gunong-Beuko,  goo^nong'-bdn'ko,  and  Gunong- 
Dempo,  goo^nong'-dSm'po,  the  names  of  two  mountains 
of  Sumatra. 

Gunong-Tella,  Celebes.    See  Goononq-Tella. 

Gun^plain',  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2466.     It  contains  Plainwell. 

Gun'powder  Creek,  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into 
the  Catawba  River. 

Gun'powder  River,  Maryland,  rises  near  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  state.  It  runs  southward  and  southeast- 
ward through  Baltimore  co.,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  The  Little  Gunpowder 
River  forms  the  boundary  between  Baltimore  and  Harford 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Gunpowder  River  about  5  miles  from 
its  mouth. 

Giins,  giins  (Hun.  Kbszegh,  kos^sSg'),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Eisenburg,  on  the  Giins  River,  19  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Lake  Neusiedl.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  ha«  an  an- 
cient castle  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  6915. 

Gun's  Island  lies  oS'  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Down,  2|  miles  N.E.  of  Ardglass. 

Giinst&dt,  gUn'stdtt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Saxony,  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1302. 

Guns'ton,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Guntersblnra,  gSdn't^rs-bldSm^  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  12  miles  N.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1951. 

Guntersdorf,  gSdn't^rs-doRf,  a  town  of  Austria,  24 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  1344. 

Guntershausen,  gSSn't^rs-hdw^z^n,  a  village  of  Pnu- 
sia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  S.  b| 
W.  of  Casi-a.    Pop.  261. 


GUN 


1340 


GUT 


Gua'tersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Huntsville,  Steamboats  navigate  the  river  above 
iind  below  this  place.  It  has  ^  churches,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  basket-factory,  &o.     Pop.  471. 

Gunthersfeld,  goon't^rs-fSlt^  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Qotha.  ^ 

GunHoor',  or  Gautur,  gun-toor',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Guntoor  district.     Lat.  16°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  31'  E. 

Guntoor,  or  Gautur,  a  district  of  India,  Madras 
presidency,  bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  having 
on  the  N.  the  river  Kistnah.  Area,  4960  square  miles. 
It  is  low  and  sandy,  except  in  the  W.,  but  has  a  productive 
soil.     Capital,  Guntoor.     Pop.  570,089. 

Gun'town,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a 
church,  a  drug-store,  and  8  general  stores.     Pop.  240. 

Gnntramsdorf)  goon'tr&ms-doRr,  a  town  of  Austria, 
on  the  Schwachat,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Vienna.    Pop.  2441. 

Giinzburgy  giints'bSoRQ,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  30  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Augsburg,  on  the  Danube,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge  and  joined  by  the  Giinz.  It  is  walled,  and  has 
a  fine  castle,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  seminary.    Pop.  3808. 

Giinzburg,  or  O'ber-Giinzburg,  a  village  of  Bava- 
ria, 42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1327. 

GanzeuhauseU)  gdonts'^n-hdw^z^n,  a  town  of  Bava- 
TiA,  on  the  Altmiihl,  at  a  railway  junction,  37  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  3424. 

Gura^  goo'ri,  a  town  of  Africa,  colony  of  the  Gold  Coast, 
on  the  Gura  RiveiJ,  75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle. 

Gurage^  or  Gurague,  goo-ri'gi,  written  also  Gu- 
ragie,  a  country  of  Northeast  Africa,  in  Abyssinia,  S.  of 
Shoa,  to  which  it  is  tributary,  in  lat.  about  8°  N.,  Ion.  39° 
E.     It  contains  the  large  lake  Zooai. 

Gurdau  Dewar,  gur-din'  di-waR',  a  village  of  Af- 
ghanistan, near  the  source  of  the  Helmund,  in  lat.  33°  32' 
N.,  Ion.  69°  12'  E.     Elevation,  10,076  feet. 

Gardaspur,  a  province  of  India.     See  Goordaspoor. 

Gurdau,  gooR'dow,  or  Kurdau,  kooa'dow,  a  village 
of  Moravia,  circle  of  Briinn.     Pop.  960. 

Gurdon,  or  Garudun,  Thibet.    See  Garoo. 

Gur'don,  a  post- village  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Arkadelphiu.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  &c.     Pop.  802. 

Gurdschistan,  or  Gurjistau,  Asia.    See  Georgia. 

Gurdschy,  goord'shee^  or  giird'shee,  a  village  of  Asia, 
khanat  and  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Gureiu,  goo'rine  (Moravian,  Kurzin,  koor'zeen),  a  town 
of  Moravia,  9  miles  N.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  1250. 

Gurgan,  Persia.     See  Goorgadn. 

Gurguea,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Gorogdea. 

Gurha^  or  Garha^gur'hi,  written  also  Gnrrah,  gfir'- 
r4,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Jub- 
bulpoor.     Pop.  5580. 

Gnrhwal,  Gurwal,  Garhwal,giiRV4r,or  Tehri, 
tShVee',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  the  Himalaya,  traversed 
by  the  head-streams  of  the  Ganges,  which  river  bounds  it 
on  the  S.E.,  the  district  of  Dehra  Doon  bounding  it  on  the 
S.  Area,  4180  square  miles.  Snow  abounds  in  winter,  and 
the  climate  is  so  varied  that  both  tropical  products  and  the 
crops  of  temperate  regions  are  produced.  It  is  subject  to  a 
rajah  who  is  under  British  direction.     Pop.  about  150,000. 

Gurhwal,  Gurwhal,  or  British  Gurhwal,  a  dis- 
trict of  the  Kumaon  division,  North-West  Provinces,  India, 
adjoining  the  state  of  Gurhwal  on  the  S.E.  Area,  5500 
•quare  miles.     Capital,  Serinagur.     Pop.  310,282. 

Guria,  or  Guriel,  Asia.    See  Gooriel. 

Guriev,  or  Gurjew,  Russia.    See  Gooribv. 

Gurk,  gooRk,  the  name  of  two  rivers  of  Austria,  one 
joining  the  Drave  10  miles  E.  of  Klagenfurth,  after  a  course 
of  65  miles,  and  the  other  joining  the  Save  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Neustadtl,  aftfer  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Gork,  a  village  of  Carinthia,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  49  miles  N.  of  Laybach.  Pop.  577.  It  gives  name  to 
a  Catholic  bishop's  see. 

Gnrkfeld,  gooRk'ffilt,  or  Kersko,  kfiR'sko  (ano.  No- 
vtodunum  f),  a  town  of  Carniola,  on  the  Save,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Neustadtl.     Pop.  700. 

Gnrlan,  gurnin'  or  gSor-lin',  a  town  of  Asia,  khanat 
and  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Gur'ley,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Huntsville. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  &c.     Pop.  570. 

Gur'leyTille,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Mansfield  township,  7i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Willimantic. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  silk-mills. 

Germuktesar,  India,    See  Qhubmooktbsub. 


Gnr^nee')  a  post-hamlet  of  Lakeco.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago^ 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Gnr'net  Point,  at  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to 
Plymouth  harbor,  Mass.  Near  its  extremity  are  two  fixed 
lights,  Hi  feet  apart,  and  86  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lat.  42°  0'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  36'  48"  W. 

Gur'nCyville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  wagon- 
factory. 

Gurnudy,  or  Gaurnadi,  giir-niid'ee,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  of  Backergunge,  55  miles  S.  of  Dacca. 

Gurrah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Gurha. 

Gnrrakota,  or  Gurracotta,  giir-r&-kot't&,  a  tow> 
of  India,  on  the  Sonar,  115  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bhopaul. 

Gnrrumconda,  India.     See  Goor(7hconda. 

Gnrsk,  gooRsk,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Norway,  la 
lat.  62°  25'  N.,  Ion.  5°  35'  E.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  by 
9  miles  broad. 

Gursuf,  or  Goursouf,  Russia.    See  Goorsoof. 

Gurun,  Gurin  (?),  or  Ghurun,  goo*roon'  or  goo'riin', 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  84  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kaisareeyah. 

Gurupa,  goo-roo-p&',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  200 
miles  W.  of  Pard,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Amazon. 

Gnrnpatuba,  goo-roo-p&-too'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
joins  the  Amazon  at  Montalegre.     Length,  240  miles. 

Gurupi,  goo-roo-pee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parfi, 
enters  the  Bay  of  Gnrupi  (Atlantic)  after  a  N.  course  esti- 
mated at  250  miles. 

Gurupi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Qnrupi, 
near  its  mouth,  55  miles  E.  of  Braganza. 

Gurutuba,  goo-roo-too'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Rio  Verde,  an  affluent  of  the  Sao  Francisco,  after  a  course 
of  140  miles. 

Gurwal,  a  province  of  India.    See  Guritwal. 

Gnrzerawale,  India.    See  Qujuru-walla. 

Gu8,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Goes. 

Guspini,  goos-pee'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 34  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.  It  has  mines  of  argen- 
tiferous lead.     Pop.  4338. 

Gussago,  goos-s&'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Brescia.     Pop.  4334. 

Giissbach,  gUs'b&K,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Up- 
per Franoonia,  N.  of  Bamberg.  Pop.  of  Breiten-Giissbaon, 
696;  of  Hohen -Giissbach,  219. 

Gussenstadt,  gSSs's^n-stitt*,  a  village  of  Wlirtemberg, 
S.W.  of  Heidenheim.     Pop.  1004. 

Gus'settville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Live  Oak  co.,  Tex., 
100  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church. 

Giissing,  or  Gissing,  gees'sing,  orNemeth-Ujv&r, 
ni^mit'-oo-e-viR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Stein-am-Anger.     Pop.  2118. 

Gussnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Hussinetz. 

Gussola,  goos'so-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  3309. 

Gustavia,  goos-ti've-i,  the  capital  town  of  the  French 
island  of  St.  Bartholomew,  West  Indies,  on  its  S.W.  coast, 
with  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  793. 

Gusta'vus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Gus- 
tavus  township,  25  miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  an 
academy.  The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  938. 
Butter  and  cheese  are  its  staple  products. 

Gusten,  goos't^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duohy  of  Anhalt, 
5  miles  W.  of  Bernburg.     Pop.  2761. 

Giistrow,  gus'trov,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Meoklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  on  the  Nebel,  and  on  a  railway,  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Schwerin.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  a  cathedral,  an  ancient  castle,  now  a 
workhouse,  a  house  of  correction,  and  the  governor's 
house.  It  has  considerable  commercial  importance,  and 
from  50  to  60  factories  of  various  kinds,  comprising  many 
breweries  and  distilleries.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  10,923. 

Gutenstein,  goo't^n-stine^  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1752. 

Gutentag,  goo'ten-tlo*,  or  Guttentag,  g55t't§n-t&Q\ 
a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  B.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2336. 

Giiterslohe,  or  Gutersloh,  gii'ters-lo^  a  town  of 
Prussia,  In  Westphalia,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Minden. 

Guthrie,  guth're,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Middle  and  South  Forks  of  Raccoon  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating ;  the  soil  Is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Guthrie  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  7061:  in  1880,  14,394:  in 
1890,  17,380. 

Guthrie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ford  co..  111.,  on  the  Gilman, 
Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Gibson. 


GUT 


1341 


GWA 


Gathrie,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  <i;  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Blooinington. 

Guthrie,  a  village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Beaver 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t  Pacific  Railroad, 
45  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  public  hall.     Pop.  about  400. 

Guthrie,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Memphis  A  Louisville  Railroad,  47  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville, 
and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  449. 

Guthrie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Guthrie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  Oklahoma, 
31  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Oklahoma.  It  has  8  churches,  4 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  Ac, 
Pop.  2788. 

Guthrie  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Guthrie  co., 
Iowa,  near  the  South  Coon  River,  about  50  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
banks,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  1037. 

Guthrie's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Jackson  co., 
and  flows  into  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  near  Bedford. 

Guthriesville,  giith'riz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  East  Brandy  wine  township,  3  miles  from  Down- 
ingtown.     It  has  about  12  residences. 

Guthriesville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  York  co., 
S.C,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chester.     It  has  a  church. 

Guth's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Catasauqua  <fc  Fogelsville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Catasauqua. 

Gut  of  Can'so  (or  Canseau,  kan*so')  is  the  pas- 
sage between  Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton  Island,  leading 
from  the  Atlantic  into  Northumberland  Strait.  Length, 
17  miles ;  average  breadth,  2^  miles. 

Gutstadt,  g65t'sta,tt,  or  Dobre  Miasto,  dob'ri  me- 
is'to,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  51  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg,  on 
the  AUe.  It  has  a  castle  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
linen  fabrics.     Pop.  4050. 

Gut'tenberg,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  16  miles 
E.S.E.  of  El  Kader.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
bank,  a  lumber-factory,  <fec.  One  weekly  German  news- 
paper is  published  here.  Mines  of  lead  have  been  opened 
near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1160. 

Gut'tenburg,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  70th  street. 
New  York,  and  just  above  AVeehawken.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  beer  and  Belgian  blocks.  There  are  several  churches 
near  it. 

Guttentag,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Gutentag. 

Gutti,  a  town  of  India.     See  Goott. 

Gtitzkow,  giits'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  2023. 

Gnuta,  a  village  of  Africa.     See  Goota. 

Guyan,  ghi'an,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  C,  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  to  a  small  extent  by  the  Ohio  River.  Pop.  1279. 
It  contains  Mercerville  and  Crown  City. 

Guyana,  a  country  of  South  America.    See  Guiana. 

Guyandotte,  ghi'an-dott',  familiarly  called  Guyan 
or  Ghian,  ghl-an',  a  post- village  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guyandotte  River,  and 
on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hunting- 
ton, and  22  miles  above  Ironton,  0.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Here 
is  a  suspension-bridge  over  the  Guyandotte  River.     P.  819, 

Guyandotte  River,  AVest  Virginia,  rises  in  Wyoming 
CO.,  and  runs  westward  to  Logan  co.,  which  it  intersects. 
It  flows  in  a  N.N.W.  direction  through  Lincoln  and  Cabell 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Huntington.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Guyenne,  an  old  province  of  France.     See  Guienne. 

Guy  (ghi)  Gulch,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  on 
the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Golden. 

Guylena  (ghi-le'na)  Mines,  a  station  of  Muhlenburg 
CO.,  Ky.  (in  the  coal-region  of  Western  Kentucky),  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Greenville. 

Guymard,  ghi^mard',  a  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Mount  Hope  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  80 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Port 
Jortris.    It  has  a  large  hotel  for  summer  boarders.    Pop.  150. 

Guysborough,  ghiz'bur-riih,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Nova  Scotia,  extends  from  the  E.  end  of  the  co.  of 
Halifax  to  the  Gut  of  Canso,  and  is  boundetf  on  the  S.  by 


the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  2950  square  miles.  Along  the 
coast  the  land  is  rocky  and  barren,  but  in  the  interior  there 
is  some  excellent  tillage-land.  Gold-mining  is  saccessfully 
prosecuted  in  this  county.  The  fisheries  are  also  a  great 
source  of  wealth  to  its  inhabitants.     Pop.  16,555. 

Guysborough,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Guysborough,  near  the  head  of  Chedabucto 
Bay,  opposite  Manchester,  and  67  miles  S.  of  New  Glas- 
gow. It  has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  and  is  the  seat 
of  an  academy.  The  inhabitants  live  chiefly  by  fishing ; 
there  is  also  some  ship-building.     Pop.  1887. 

Guysborough,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ingersoll.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Guy's  Cliff,  England,  oo.  and  If  miles  N.  of  Warwick, 
on  the  Avon,  much  visited  by  tourists,  as  containing  the 
hermitage  in  which  the  famous  Guy,  Earl  of  Warwick, 
passed  his  latter  days  and  was  buried  with  his  wife. 

Guy's  (ghiz)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Guy's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Randolph  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  gradea  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Guy's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Leon  co.,  Tex. 

Guysville,  ghiz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Hocking  River,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Athens,  and  25 
miles  W.  of  Belpre.     It  has  a  church  and  a  drug-store. 

Guysville,  or  MacHenry's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  from  Oakdale  Station. 

Gnyton,  ghi't9n,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Ogeechee  River,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Savannah. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  541. 

Guzel-Hissar,  a  city  of  Turkey.     See  Aidin. 

Guzerat,  giiz^^h-rit',  Giyerat,  or  Gugerat,  giizh- 
er-it'?,  written  also  Goojerat,  or  Gujrat,  one  of  the  old 
provinces  of  India,  mostly  between  lat.  21°  and  24°  N.  and 
Ion.  69°  and  75°  E.,  its  W.  portion  consisting  of  the  Katty- 
war  Peninsula.  Total  area,  about  40,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
6,000,000.  The  surface  is  greatly  diversified.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Nerbudda,  Taplee,  Mhye,  and  Sabermuttee.  It 
is  subdivided  among  the  dominions  of  Baroda  and  Gwalior, 
the  N.  districts  of  the  Bombay  presidency,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  minor  states. 

Guzman,  gooth-m8,n',  formerly  Merida,  m^K'ee-di, 
an  old  state  of  Venezuela,  now  embraced  in  the  state  of 
Los  Andes,  was  bounded  N.W.  by  Lake  Maracaybo,  and 
traversed  by  the  highest  ranges  of  the  Venezuelan  Andes. 
Area,  5990  square  miles.  The  climate  of  this  section  is 
generally  cool,  and  the  fertile  valleys  produce  excellent 
wheat.  The  capital  of  the  state  was  Merida,  at  present 
the  capital  of  the  state  of  Los  Andes. 

Guzman  Blanco,  gooth-md.n'  bl&n'ko,  a  seaport  of 
Venezuela,  state  of  Bermudez,  on  the  coast,  at  the  E.  side 
of  the  peninsula  of  Morro  del  Barcelona,  and  4^  miles  N,  of 
the  town  of  Barcelona.  Its  harbor  is  spacious,  and  toler- 
ably safe,  though  not  deep. 

Guzzeh,  the  Arabic  name  of  Gaza. 

Gvosdanski,  g'vos-d&n'skee,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Croatia,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glina. 

Gvosdevi,  the  former  name  of  the  Diomede  Islands. 

Gwa,  a  town  of  Aracan.     See  Ghoa. 

Gwahattee,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Gowhatty. 

Gwalior,  or  Gualior,  gwi'le-or,  a  city  and  strong 
fortress  of  India,  capital  of  a  state  of  its  own  name,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Jumna,  66  miles  S.  of  Agra.  It  has  exter- 
nally a  fine  appearance,  with  its  minarets  interspersed  with 
trees.  The  citadel,  on  a  high,  precipitous  rock  in  its  centre, 
about  3  miles  in  circumference,  is  unquestionably  the  most 
magnificent  native  fortress  in  India.  The  town  itself  is 
unenclosed,  but  its  streets  may  be  shut  by  numerous  gates, 
some  of  which  have  much  architectural  beauty.  Other 
principal  edifices  are  the  chief  mosque,  a  palace,  and  some 
buildings  in  the  most  ancient  Hindoo  style  within  the 
citadel,  and  E.  of  the  city  a  fine  Mohammedan  tomb.  In 
the  sides  of  the  rock  forming  its  site  are  numerous  oaves 
with  Hindoo  sculptures. 

Gwalior,  or  Gualior,  written  also  Gualer,  a  state  of 
Central  India,  sometimes  called  Scindia's  Dominions, 
from  its  ruler,  who  takes  the  title  of  Maharajah  Scin- 
dia  and  is  subsidiary  to  the  British.  The  country,  lying 
between  lat.  21°  and  27°  N.  and  Ion.  74°  and  79°  E.,  is  en- 
closed by  Rajpootana,  Baroda,  Indore,  Bundelcund,  the  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  and  Bombay  presidency.  Area,  33,119  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  level  in  the  N.,  including  a  portion 
of  the  basin  of  the  Jumna;  in  the  centre  it  is  hilly;  in  the 
S.  it  comprises  parts  of  the  Vindhyan  and  Satpoora  moun- 
tain-ranges. It  is  traversed  by  the  Taptee,  Nerbuddi. 
Chumbul,  Sinde,  Betwah,  and  Dussaun  Rivers.     The  prin- 


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dpal  cities  are  Gwalior,  Oojein,  and  Boorhanpoor.  This 
state  has  a  fine  army  of  20,000  men.     Pop.  2,500,000. 

Gwash,  a  river  of  England.    See  Wash. 

Gweedore,  or  Gnidore,  gwe-dor',  a  district  and  bay 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Donegal ;  the  latter  in 
lat.  55°  3'  N.,lon.  8°  23'  W.  The  district  extends  for  some 
miles  along  the  coast,  abounding  in  scenery  of  the  wildest 
description. 

Gweek,  a  seaport  village  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  in- 
cluded in  the  port  of  Falmouth. 

Gwen'nap)  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  3  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Redruth,  comprising  the  most  productive  copper- 
mines  in  Cornwall. 

Gwer,  a  peninsula  of  South  Wales.     See  Gowee. 

GAVetter,  gwSt't^r,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  25°  15'  ST.; 
Ion.  61°  30'  E. 

Gwill'imville,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  5 
miles  from  Monument  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Gwin^nett',  a  northern  county  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Appa- 
lachee  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  communicates  with 
Lawrenceville,  the  capital.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
are  granite  and  iron  ore.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,431 ;  in  1880, 
19,531 ;  in  1890,  19,899. 

Gwydir  (gwi'djr  ?)  River  (native,  Kiendar,  ke-6n-dar', 
or  Karaula,  ki-raw'la),  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  joins 
the  Darling  River  in* lat.  29°  30'  27"  S.,  Ion.  148°  13'  20" 
E.     Length,  445  miles. 

Gwynedd,  gwin'§d  (Welsh  pron.  gwin'ArH),  a  river  of 
Wales,  rises  in  the  S.  side  of  Snowdon,  and  flows  S.  to  Car- 
digan Bay,  which  it  enters  by  a  wide  estuary  1  mile  S.  of 
Tremadoc. 

Gwynedd,  gwin'§d,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  in  Gwynedd  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  The  township  contains 
the  boroughs  of  North  Wales  and  Lansdale.  It  has  6 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2094. 

Gwynfe,  gwin'fS,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carmarthen, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Llandovery.     Pop.  1528. 

Gwyn  (gwin)  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

Gwynne's  (gwinz)  Mill,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Ilailroad,  11 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rushville. 

Gy,  zhee,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Sa8ne,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  2051. 

Gya,  a  district  and  town  of  India.     See  Gaya. 

Gyalar,  dyoHoK',  a  mining  town  of  Transylvania,  60 
miles  W.  of  Herman  astadt.     Pop.  950. 

Gyalu,  dySh^loo'  (almost  jShMoo'),  or  Jn'lia,  a  market- 
town  of  Transylvania,  10  miles  W.  of  Klausenburg,  on  the 
Szamos.     Pop.  2680. 

Gyangze,  gh^-ang'ze,  a  town  of  Thibet,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Brahmapootra.  Lat.  28°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  28'  E.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  9000. 

Gyarmath,  Balassa.    See  Balassa-Gyarmath. 

Gyarmath,  Flizes.    See  FttzEs-GvARMATH. 

GTaros,  ji'a-ros  or  jee'a-ros,  or    Gioura,  joo'rl,  a 


mountainous  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  10  milet 
N.W.  of  Syra.     Length,  5  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Gyedu,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Detta. 

Gyekenyes,  dyi^kSn^ySsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Siimegh,  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fiinfkirchen.    Pop.  1780. 

Gyenta,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Denta. 

Gyergy6»Szent-MikIo8,dyfiR'dy6^-8fint-mee*klo8h', 
a  town  of  Transylvania,  in  Szeklerland,  95  miles  E.  of 
Klausenburg. 

Gyermel,  dy^R^mfir,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  K«v 
morn,  12  miles  from  Dotis.    Pop.  1050. 

Gykwar's  Dominions.    See  Baroda. 

Gyatmergine,  European  Turkey.    See  Gcvoobjbkha 

Gymnesise,  Spain.     See  Balearic  Isles. 

Gyndes,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Diala. 

Gyoma,  dyo'mSh^  (almost  jo'mdh^),  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Bekes,  on  the  Koros,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Csaba.     Pop.  of  commune,  9907. 

Gydngyds,  dyon^yosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  on  a  railway,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches,  a  Franciscan  college,  a  gymnasium,  a  collec- 
tion of  archives,  manufactures  of  leather,  hats,  and  woollen 
cloth,  distilleries,  and  considerable  trade  in  corn,  fruit,  wine, 
and  horses.     Pop.  15,830. 

Gyor,  the  Hungarian  name  of  the  Raab. 

Gyor-Falva,  dyoR-fSl'vSh^  or  Gergesdorf,  ghJR'- 
gh^s-doRr,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  6  miles  from  Klausen- 
burg, on  tbe  Little  Szamos. 

Gybrgyo-AIfalu,  Hungary.    See  Alpalu. 

Gyorgyo-Szent- Miklos.     See    Gyerqyo  - Szbnt- 

MlKLOS. 

Gy5rkony,  dySR^koS',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Tolna,  4  miles  from  Paks.     Pop.  2572. 

Gypsum,  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     See  Gtpsdh  City. 
Gypsum,  jip'siim,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.T., 

2  miles  from  Clifton  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  plaster-mill.     Gypsum  is  found  here. 

Gypsum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  in  Portage 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of 
the  city  of  Sandusky.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plaster-mill. 

Gypsum  City,  or  Gypsum,  a  post- village  of  Saline 
CO.,  Kansas,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Salina.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of 
cement,  ^c.     Pop.  in  1890,  530. 

Gypsum  Creek,  Kan.«as,  rises  in  McPherson  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Smoky  Hill  River  in  Saline  co., 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Salina. 

Gypsum  Creek,  a  township  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  591.     It  contains  Roxbury. 

Gyula,  dyoo'lSh'  (almost  joo'lSh'),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Bekes,  on  a  railway,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arad, 
divided  by  the  White  Koros  River  into  two  portions,  Magyar 
and  Nemeth,  in  one  of  which  only  German  and  in  the  other 
only  Hungarian  is  spoken.  It  has  several  churches,  oil- 
mills,  a  castle,  and  a  zoological  garden.     Pop.  18,495. 

Gynlafalva,  dyoo'15h'f3rv6h\  or  Gyiilesty,  a  village 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  on  the  Mara,  9  miles  from 
Szigeth.     Pop.  1070. 

Gyulaj,  dyoo^li',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szaboloz, 

3  miles  from  Nyir-Bathor.     Pop.  1800. 

Gzhatsk,  Gshatsk,  or  Gjatsk,  gzh&tsk,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  128  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Smolensk, 
on  the  Gzhat  (Gjat),  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  8261. 


H. 


Uaa,  haw,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Sutherland, 
off  its  N.  coast,  3i  miles  E.  of  Far-out  Head. 

Haag,  big,  the  name  of  numerous  villages  of  Germany, 
and  of  the  city  of  the  Hague,  in  Netherlands.     See  Hague. 

Haage,  Netherlands.    See  Princenhagb. 

Haaksbergen,  h|,ks'b5Ro^§n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, m  Overyssel,  25  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Deventer.    P.  4744. 

Haam8tede,or  Haem8tede,ham'st4M9h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of  Schouwen,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Brouwershaven.     Pop.  853. 

Haan,  hin,  a  village  of  Prussia,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.,  with  vicinity,  4694. 

Haarburg,  a  town  of  Hanover.    See  Hakboro. 


Haaren,  or  Haeren,  hi'r^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 7  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le"-Duc.     Pop.  1568. 

Haaren,  h|,'r§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Meppen.     Pop.  1388. 

Haaren,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles  N.  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.,  with  commune,  2922. 

Haarlebeke,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Haerlebeke. 

Haarlem,  Haerlem,  or  Harlem,  h&R'lem,  a  city 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  14  miles  W.  of  Am- 
sterdam, with  which  city,  and  with  Leyden  and  Helder,  it 
communicates  by  canals  and  railways.  Pop.  in  1890.  51,626. 
It  has  remains  of  its  old  fortifications,  and  is  very  well 
built  and  clean.     The  cathedral  of  St.  Bavou  contains  tbe 


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1343 


HAD 


famous  Haarlem  organ,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 
Other  principal  structures  are  the  town  hall,  the  flesh-mar- 
ket, and  several  churches.  The  statue  of  Coster,  the  reputed 
inventor  of  movable  printing-types,  and  a  native  of  this 
city,  stands  in  the  market-place.  Haarlem  has  numerous 
public  schools,  learned  societies,  and  collections  in  art  and 
science,  the  principal  of  the  latter  being  the  Teyler  Mu- 
seum. It  has  also  large  steam  cotton-mills,  manufactures 
of  velvet,  silk  and  linen  fabrics,  carpets,  lace,  ribbons, 
soap,  <fcc.,  and  a  celebrated  Greek  and  Hebrew  type-foundry. 
It  is  the  centre  of  the  important  Dutch  trade  in  flowers 
and  flower-seeds,  raised  in  the  Bloemen  Tuinen,  extensive 
nursery  grounds  on  the  S.  side  of  the  city.  Its  vicinity  is 
well  cultivated ;  near  it  is  the  Pavilion,  a  noble  seat,  for- 
merly the  palace  of  Louis  Bonaparte,  Many  distinguished 
painters  were  natives  of  Haarlem.  In  1573  it  capitulated, 
after  a  seven  months'  siege,  to  the  Spaniards,  who,  contrary 
to  the  terms  of  the  surrender,  caused  upwards  of  2000  per- 
sons, including  the  Protestant  ministers,  the  garrison,  and 
the  commandant,  to  be  put  to  death.  Haarlem  is  the  see 
of  Catholic  and  Jansenist  bishops. 

Haarlem,  haR'lem,  Nayntivoe,  or  Naynativoe, 
an  island  of  Palk's  Strait,  N.W.  of  Ceylon.     Pop.  500. 

Haarlem,  New  York.    See  Harlem. 

Haarlem  (hiR'l^m)  Lake  (Dutch,  ffaerlemmer-Meer, 
h8.R'l5m-mer-miR),  formerly  an  inlet  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  in 
the  Netherlands,  North  Holland,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Haarlem, 
about  33  miles  in  circumference,  communicating  N,  with 
the  Y  and  S,  with  the  Old  Rhine.  It  was  formed  by  a  de- 
structive inundation  in  the  sixteenth  century.  In  1849 
the  work  of  draining  the  lake  was  commenced,  and  com- 
pleted in  1853 :  72  square  miles  of  good  land  were  thus 
reclaimed, 

Haase,  h&'z§h,  or  Hase,  hi'si  (anc,  Hasa  f),  a  river 
of  Germany,  in  Hanover,  joins  the  Ems  at  Meppen,  after 
a  course  of  90  miles, 

Haastrecht,  ha,s'tr5Kt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.    Pop.  1463. 

Haay,  hi  or  hoi,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  Hebrides, 
in  the  Soujjd  of  Harris,  between  Harris  and  North  Uist. 

Haba,  or  La  Haba,  1&  hS,'B&,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  51  miles  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2210. 

Habab,  hS,-bib',  a  region  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red 
Sea,  formerly  in  the  N.E.  of  Abyssinia,  but  now  attached 
to  Nubia  and  subject  to  Egyptian  authority.  Its  people, 
also  called  Habab,  are  a  mixed  race,  mostly  speaking 
dialects  of  the  Geez :  they  are,  or  lately  were,  Christians 
of  the  Abyssinian  church. 

Habana,  a  city  of  Cuba,    See  Havana. 

Habas,  hi^bis',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  13  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Dax.     Pop.  of  commune,  2038, 

Habay-la-Neuve,  hi*bi'-li-ncv,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Luxembourg,  on  the  Rulles,  10  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Arlon.     Pop.  1800. 

Habay-la-Vieille,  hi^bi'-li-ve-il',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Luxembourg,  near  Habay-la-Neuve.     Pop.  901. 

Habelschwert,  hi'bel-sh<^5Rt\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  on  the  Neisse,  10  miles  S.  of  Glatz.  Pop.  4926,  en- 
gaged in  woollen-  and  linen-weaving. 

Hab'ermacher,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Habern,  hi'b§rn,  or  Habr,  hib'r  (L.  Mom  Fagi),  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Czaslau,  on  the  Little 
Sazawa.     Pop.  2039. 

Habersham,  hab'^r-sham,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Georgia.  Area,  347  square  miles.  The  Tugaloo  River 
forms  part  of  the  N.E.  boundary,  and  separates  it  from 
South  Carolina.  The  Chattahoochee  rises  in  this  county, 
which  is  also  drained  by  the  Soquee,  Tallulah,  and  Broad 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  broken  by  low  mountains  connected 
with  the  Blue  Ridge,  among  which  Mounts  Yonah  and 
Cucrahee  are  the  most  considerable.  The  latter  rises  in  the 
form  of  a  cone  to  the  height  of  900  feet.  The  gold-mines 
of  this  county  are  among  the  richest  in  the  state.  Iron  is 
abundant ;  rubies,  cornelians,  and  a  few  diamonds  have  been 
found.  The  celebrated  Falls  of  Tallulah  are  in  this  county. 
Capital,  Clarkesville.     Pop.  in  1880,  8718 ;  in  1890,  11,573. 

Habesh,  Habessinia,  or  Habessinien.  See 
Abyssinia. 

Habrowa,  orUnter-HabroAva,  SSn't^r-hi-bro'^i, 
a  village  of  Bohemia,  near  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1050. 

Habrzeh,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Hohenstadt. 

Habsal,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Hapsal. 

Habsburg,  or  Hapsburg,  haps'burg  or  haps'bSSRG, 
a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  near  Brugg, 
with  ruins  of  a  castle  which  was  the  original  seat  of  the 
imperial  family  of  Austria.     Pop.  187. 


Habsheim,  h&bs'hime,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Al- 
sace, 11  miles  N.E.  of  Altkirch,  on  the  Strasburg  Railway, 
4J  miles  S.E.  of  Miilhausen.     Pop.  1854. 

Haccourt,  h&k^kooR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  7  milM 
N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1800. 

Hacha,  or  La  Hacha,  United  States  of  Colombia. 
See  Rio  Hacha. 

Hachenbnrg,  h&K'^n-b55Ro\  a  town  of  Prussia,  24 
miles  N.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  1384. 

Hachijo,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Fatsizio. 

Hachnean,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Haguenau. 

Hachy,  hi^shee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourp, 
7  miles  W.  of  Arlon.     Pop,  1840. 

Hack'berry,  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  in 
the  Peacock  Mountains,  30  miles  E.  of  Mineral  Park.  It 
has  rich  silver-mines,  a  quartz-mill,  and  a  roasting-furnace. 

Hackberry,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kan.     P.  1005. 

Hackberry,  a  post-office  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex. 

Hack'ensack,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Hackensack  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey 
Midland  and  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroads,  12  miles 
N.  of  New  York,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Paterson.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  11  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  oflSces, 
and  several  manufactories.     Pop.  in  1890,  6004. 

Hackensack  River  rises  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southward  through  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  and  enters  Newark 
Bay  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Newark.  It  is  about  50 
miles  long.     Sloops  can  ascend  it  nearly  16  miles. 

Hack'er's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Hacker's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  "Va. 

Hack'ett,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Sebastian  co.. 
Ark.,  16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  private  and  free  schools.  Pop.  in 
1890,  458. 

Hack'etstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Carlow,  on 
the  Dereen,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Baltinglass.     Pop.  863. 

Hack'ettstown,  a  post-borough  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Musconetcong  River,  52  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of 
Newark,  and  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  contains 
the  Centenary  Collegiate  Institute  (Methodist),  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  3  flouring-mills,  an  iron-furnace,  a  foundry, 
a  zinc-furnace,  3  carriage-factories,  and  a  silk-mill.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  (1890)  2417. 

Hackleman,  hak'^-man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Fairmount  Railroad  Station. 

Hack'ney,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  a  suburb  of  London,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's. 
It  is  divided  into  3  districts,  and  has  an  iron  bridge  across 
the  Lea,  3  churches,  numerous  chapels,  the  London  Or- 
phan Asylum,  the  Independents'  Academy  at  Homerton, 
a  savings-bank,  and  several  hospitals.  Hackney  was  for- 
merly the  favorite  suburban  residence  of  the  London  citi- 
zens, and  hackney-coaches  are  said  to  have  been  named 
from  it.     Pop,  115,110. 

Hack'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0,,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Hack'neyrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
7  miles  N.  of  Alexander  City.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Hacqueville,  hikVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Euro, 
9  miles  N.E,  of  Les  Andelys.     Pop,  450. 

Hadamar,  h&'d&-maR^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Elbe,  5  miles  N.W,  of  Limburg.    Pop,  2009. 

Haddam,  had'dam,  a  post- village  and  one  of  the  cap-  * 
itals  of  Middlesex  co,.  Conn.,  in  Haddam  township,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  20  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  26  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  the  Brainerd  Acad- 
emy, and  manufactures  of  steam  heaters.  The  township 
contains  Higganum,  Tylerville,  and  other  villages.  Pop, 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2095. 

Haddam,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Washington.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  roller-mills,  <fco.     Pop.  419. 

Haddam  Neck,  a  post- hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in  Haddam  township,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  baskets,  carpets,  Ac. 

Haddeby,  hid'd§h-bu\  Hethaby,  hi'ti-bu\  or 
Heidebo,  hi'd?h-bo\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick, 
opposite  the  town  of  Sleswick.  Its  original  church  wa« 
the  earliest  founded  in  Denmark. 

Had'dington,  Haddingtonshire,  had'ding-t^n- 
shir,  or  East  Lothian,  lo'THe-an,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
having  N.  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  E.  the  North  Sea.  Area, 
280  square  miles.     Surface  in  the  S.  occupied  by  the  Tjam- 


HAD 


1344 


HAB 


mermoor  Hills,  in  the  centre  and  N.  a  beautiful  plain, 
rradually  sloping  to  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  diversified  by 
gentle  elevations.  Principal  rivulet,  the  Tyne.  Soil  mostly 
ft  clayey  loam.  Agriculture  is  in  a  highly  advanced  state, 
and  equal  to  that  of  any  other  British  county.  Coal  is 
worked  in  the  W.,  and  limestone  abounds  everywhere. 
Chief  towns,  Haddington,  the  county  town,  Dunbar,  Tra- 
nent, and  North  Berwick.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    P.  in  1871,  37,771 ;  in  1891,  37,491. 

HaddingtoU)  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
'county,  on  the  Tyne,  here  crossed  by  a  four-arched  bridge, 
and  on  the  North  British  Railway,  18  miles  E.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  town  has  handsome  county  buildings,  a  town 
house,  and  a  noble  collegiate  and  parish  church,  originally 
the  nave  of  an  abbey  church  erected  about  the  thirteenth 
century.  Haddington  has  also  a  grammar-school,  a  me- 
chanics' institution,  an  agricultural  and  horticultural  soci- 
ety, several  public  libraries,  and  a  considerable  trade  in 
wool,  Ac.  It  is  perhaps  the  largest  market  in  Scotland  for 
com  and  other  agricultural  produce,  Haddington  unites 
with  Dunbar,  Jedburgh,  Lauder,  and  North  Berwick  in 
sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Hadding- 
ton is  a  very  ancient  royal  burgh.     Pop.  3114. 

Had'dington,  a  village  within  the  limits  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Independence 
Hall.     It  is  reached  by  the  Market  Street  Railway. 

Had'dock  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Augusta  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macon. 

Had'don,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  3929. 

Had'donfieId>  a  neat  post-borough  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  in  Haddon  township,  near  Cooper's  Creek,  and  on  the 
Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It 
contains  4  churches,  2  Friends'  meetings,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  fine  graded  public  school, 
and  several  private  schools.  Its  industries  embrace  a  pot- 
tery, a  flour-mill,  a  paint-mill,  and  emery-wheel-works.  It 
has  electric  lights  and  water-works.    Pop.  in  1890,  2502. 

Hadeesah,  Hadisah,  h3,-dee'sjl,  Haditii,  or  Ha- 
deeth,  h3,-deeth',  written  also  Hadisa  and  Haditha, 
an  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  130  miles  N.W. 
of  Bagdad,  in  the  Euphrates.  It  contains  a  town,  composed 
of  about  400  houses,  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Ha- 
dith.    The  river  is  here  300  yards  wide  and  18  feet  deep. 

Hadeln,  h&'d^ln,  a  district  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
extending  for  12  miles  along  the  Elbe,  with  an  area  of  110 
square  miles,  and  17,286  inhabitants. 

Ha'den's,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Ha'densville,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Clarksville,  Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hadensvillej  a  post-office  of  Goochland  oo.,  Va. 

Ha'der,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  in  Wana- 
mingo  township,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Red  Wing. 

Hadersleben,  hi'd^rs-li'b^n  (Dan.  Haderalev,  hi'- 
d§rs-15v^),  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
Little  Belt,  48  miles  N.  of  Sleswick,  at  the  terminus  of  a 
railway.  Pop.  8356.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  safe  har- 
bor, several  churches,  a  Latin  school,  and  breweries. 

Hadhdz,  hod'hiz,  or  Hathaz,  h5t'h&z,  one  of  the 
Haiduck  towns  of  Hungary,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Debrec- 
Bin.     Pop.  7024. 

Hadja-Bagos,  Hungary.     See  Bagos. 

Hadjatsch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gadjatsch. 

Hadji-Abbassi,  Asia  Minor.    See  Hajee-Abbassee. 

Hadji-Hamza,  Asia  Minor.     See  Hajee-Hamzah. 

Hadjilar,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Hajilar. 

Hadji-Oglou-Bazardjik.    See  Hajee-Ogloo-Ba- 

CARJEEK. 

Hadjypoor,  or  Hajeepoor,  hij'ee-poor',  a  village 
of  Punjab,  on  the  Chenaub,  42  miles  W.  of  Mooltan.  Lat. 
29°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  12'  E. 

Hadjypoor,  or  Hajeepoor,  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Mozufferpoor  district,  on  the  river  Gunduck,  near  the  Gan- 
ges, 5  miles  N.  of  Patna.  It  has  a  large  mosque,  a  pictu- 
resque temple,  and  an  important  trade.     Pop.  22,306. 

Bad'leigh,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  9^  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  many  curious  ancient  houses, 
and  a  fine  church.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railway. 
Pop.  of  parish,  3575. 

Uad'ley,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  111.  Pop.  1309.  It 
eontains  New  Philadelphia.  Hadley  Station  is  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  Naples  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Hadley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co.,  111.,  in  Homer 
township,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 

Hadley,  a  station  in  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
3urg,  Fort  Wayne  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  bv  N 
of  Fort  Wayne. 


Hadley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  in  Claj 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  24 
miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Hadley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ey.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hadley  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Northampton.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  3  churohes, 
and  the  Hopkins  Academy.  Brooms  and  other  articles  are 
manufactured  in  this  township,  which  also  contains  North 
Hadley.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1669. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hadley 
township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Lapeer,  and  about  48  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  planing-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
256 ;  of  the  township,  1310. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Had- 
ley township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sacondaga,  and  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has 
manufactures  of  leather  and  wooden-ware.  Its  surface  is 
mountainous.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1103. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Jamestown  &  Franklin  Railroad,  30  milei 
W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Had'ley>Mon'ken,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, 12  miles  N.N.W.  of  London. 

Hadley's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.O., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Hadley  Station,  a  village  of  Lawrence  oo..  III.,  on 
the  Ohio  &,  Mississippi  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Yincennes, 
Ind.     It  has  2  churcnes. 

Had'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eau  Claire  oo.,  Wia., 
10  miles  from  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  church. 

Had'lock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

Had'low,  a  village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from 
South  Quebec.  It  contains  locomotive-works  and  shopf 
belonging  to  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.     Pop.  150. 

Had'lyme,  a  post-village  of  New  London  oo..  Conn., 
in  East  Iladdam  and  Lyme  townships,  on  the  left  or  E. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Hartford.     It  has  a  church. 

Hadmersleben,  h&d'm^rs-l&^b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1032. 

Hadol,  h&Mol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  6  miles 
S.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  2457. 

Hadramaut,  or  Hadramaout,  h&-dr&-m5wt'  (pro- 
nounced by  the  Arabs  hi-dr4-m4-oot'),  a  country  of  Araoia, 
extending  along  its  S.E.  coast  from  Oman  to  Yemen,  with 
which  it  constituted  the  ancient  Arabia  Felix.  The  coast 
is  lined  by  mountains  5000  feet  high.  The  inhabitants 
(Hadar^mi,  h&-d&-rdm'ee)  still  retain  many  traces  of  their 
ancient  civilization.  Hadramaut  exports  to  India  frankin- 
cense, myrrh,  aloes,  and  dragons'-blood ;  to  Yemen,  carpets, 
silk  shawls,  linen,  and  girdle-knives.  The  people  are  of 
several  tribes,  governed  by  chiefs. 

Hadres,  h&'drds,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Pulkan,  on  the  frontiers  of  Moravia.     Pop.  1758. 

Hadria,  an  ancient  name  of  AssiA,  and  of  Atri. 

Hadrianopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Adrianoplb. 

Hadrianopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  BoLi. 

Hadriaticum  Mare.     See  Adriatic. 

Hadschin,  h&d'sheen\  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  vila- 
yet and  SO  miles  N.E.  of  Adana. 

Haeght,  h&Kt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  North  Brabant, 
on  the  Mechlin-Louvain  Railway,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Brus- 
sels.    Pop.  2300. 

Haelen,  h&'l^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  11 
miles  W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2400. 

Haeltert,  h&rttiRt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 19  miles  E.  of  Audenarde.     Pop.  3300. 

Haemstede,  Netherlands.    See  Haahstede. 

Hsemus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Balkans. 

Haeren,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Haarem. 

Haeringhe,  h&'ring-gh§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  2100. 

Haerlebeke,  or  Haarlebeke,  haR'l§h-bi'k?h,  a 
town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  3  miles  by. 
rail  N.E.  of  Courtrai.  Pop.  4700.  It  was  formerly  an  im- 
portant fortress,  and  suffered  many  vicissitudes  in  the  ninth 
and  tenth  centuries. 

Haerlem,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Haableu. 

Haerlemmer  Meer.     See  Haarlem  Lake. 

Haesdonck,  h&s'donk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  io  East 
Flanders,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2400. 


H^ 


1943 


HAG 


Hietera,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zujar. 

Haflfar,  hif  ^fan',  an  ancient  oanal  in  Persia,  connecting 
the  Karoon  River  with  the  Shat-el-Arab.  On  both  sides  of 
It  stands  the  town  of  Mohammerah. 

Hatfeer,  or  Haffir,  hif^feer',  a  village  of  Nubia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  46  miles  N.  of  New  Dongola.  It 
has  a  factory  for  indigo. 

Haflf-Stettin,  Germany.     See  Stettiner-Hafp. 

Hafnarfiord,  hif^naR-fe-ORd'  (Dan.  Havnfjord, 
hSwn'fe-ORd^),  a  village  of  Iceland,  on  a  fiord  of  the  same 
name,  in  the  S.  of  the  island,  S.S.E.  of  Reikiavik.  Its 
harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in  Iceland. 

Hafuerzell,  hif'n?r-ts5ir,  or  Obernzell,  o'b^rn- 
tsiir,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danabe,  8  miles  E.  of 
Passau.     Pop.  1473. 

Hafnia,  the  Latin  name  of  Copenhagen. 

Hafsloe,  hifs'lo^Sh,  a  village  of  Norway,  88  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergen.     Pop.  2200. 

Ha'gaman's  (or  Ha'geman's)  Mills,  a  post- village 
of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  4  miles 
from  Amsterdam,  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
knit  goods.     Pop.  250. 

Ha'gan,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 

Ha'gansport,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Tex. 

Ha'gar,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hagar 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Benton  Harbor.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  823. 

Hagarstown,  Illinois.     See  Hagerstown. 

Hage,  Netherlands.     See  Hague,  The. 

Hage,  hi'gh^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13 
jiiles  N.W.  of  Aurich.     Pop.  868. 

Hagedorn's  (hag'9-dornz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  woollen-mills. 

Uagelberg,  hi'ghel-b3RG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Brandenburg,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Potsdam.  Here  the 
allies  defeated  the  French,  August  27,  1813. 

Hageman,  ha'gh§-man,  a  post-village  of  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Valparaiso. 

Hagan,  hi'ghfn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  26 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Volme.  Pop.  24,335, 
who  manufacture  iron-ware,  woollen  cloth,  paper,  Ac. 

Hagenau,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Haguenau. 

Hagenburg,  h4'gh§n-b66uG\  a  town  in  Schaumburg- 
Linpe,  near  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Steinhude.     Pop.  1175. 

Hagenmeister  (hi'ghen-mi^st§r)  Island,  oflf  the 
coast  of  Alaska,  near  lat.  59°  N.,  Ion.  160°  23'  W. 

Hagenow,  hS,'gh§h-nov\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Hamburg  A  Berlin  Railway,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  3748. 

Ha'ger's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  Salt  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Clarence.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  50. 

Ha'gerstown,  or  Ha'garstown,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Fayette  co.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Hagerstown,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Whitewater  River, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cambridge  City,  and  16  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Richmond.  It  has  a  town  hall,  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  an  acudemy,  2  flour-mills,  2  carriage- 
factories,  2  grain-elevators,  and  manufactures  of  washing- 
machines,  soap,  barrel-staves,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1890,873;  of 
the  township,  1784. 

Hagerstown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Chambersburg,  Pa.,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick,  and  84 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  15  churches,  2  high  schools,  a  seminary  for  ladies, 
several  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  carriage-shops,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  pottery,  leather,  <fec.  Four  daily 
and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  10,118. 

Hagerstown,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Salem. 

Hagerstown,  Ohio.    See  New  Hagerstown. 

Hagersville,  ha'gh^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.. 
Pa..  2i  miles  from  Perkasie  Station,  and  about  34  miles  N. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  general  stores  and  a  church. 

Hagersville,  ha'gh§rz-vil,  a  post-village  in  Haldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  junction  of  the  Canada  Southern 
and  Hamilton  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railways,  10  miles  W.  of  Cayuga. 
Tt  has  an  iron  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  7  or  8  stores. 


Hagetmau,  h&^zh&^mS',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes, 

7  miles  S.  of  Saint-Sever.     Pop.  1797. 

Hag'gerstone,  a  high  rocky  island  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  Australia.  Lat.  12°  I'  40"  S. ;  Ion,  143°  12'  E.  Near 
it  is  Sir  Everard  Home's  group, 

Hag'gett's,  a  station  in  Andover  township,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Lowell  <fe  Lawrence  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Lawrence.     Here  is  Haggett's  Pond,  a  picnic  resort, 

Hag'ginsville,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co..  Gal, 

Hagglingen,  bd,g'gling-Qn,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  about  5  miles  from  Bremgarten.  The 
war  called  the  Kapellerkrieg  was  terminated  by  a  peace 
made  here  in  1531.     Pop,  1546, 

Haggs,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles  S,  of 
Stirling.     Pop.  534. 

Hagia,  ha'ghe-i  {i.e.,  in  Greek,  "Saint"),  the  name  of 
several  small  villages  of  Greece. 

Hagia,  hi'ghe-i,  a  town  of  European  Turkeji^in  Thes- 
saly,  13  miles  E.  of  Larissa.     Pop,  4800.    . 

Hagia  Deka,  h&'ghe-i  d&'k&,  a  town  of  Crete,  near 
the  ruins  of  ancient  Gortynia,  20  miles  S.S.W,  of  Candia. 

Hag'insville,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ga. 

Hagion  Oros,  a  mountain  of  Greece.     See  Athos. 

Hagiostrati,  hi'ghe-os-tri'tee,  or  Stratia,  stri'- 
tee-i  (anc.  Ne'm),  an  island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
belonging  to  Turkey,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lenmos,  with  a 
village  of  the  same  name  on  its  W.  coast. 

Hag'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn, 

Hagley,  Illinois,    See  Newmansville. 

Hague,  haig.  The  (Dutch,  'S  Gravenhaag,  s'gri'v^n- 
h5.G\  or  'S  Gravenhage,  s'grl'v§n-hi^Gh§h,  Den  Haag,  d8n 
h|,G ;  Ger.  Haag,  hio ;  Fr.  La  If  aye,  li,  hi ;  It.  Aja,  i'yi), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of  the  province  of  South 
Holland,  and  the  usual  residence  of  the  court  and  of  the 
states-general,  on  a  branch  of  the  Leyden  &  Rotterdam 
Canal,  4  miles  from  the  North  Sea,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rot- 
terdam, and  33  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam,  with  which  cities 
it  also  communicates  by  railways.  Lat.  52°  4'  20"  N. ;  Ion. 
4°  18'  40"  E.  Pop.  in  1863,  84,615;  in  1890,  160,531. 
Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  52°  Fahr. ;  winter,  38.2° ; 
summer,  65.5°.  It  is  a  handsome  town,  with  little  commerce 
or  manufactures,  and  many  of  its  streets  are  intersected  by 
canals,  bordered  with  rows  of  trees.  All  the  principal  edifices 
are  in  the  Vy  verberg,  or  great  square  of  its  N.  or  fashionable 
quarter.  The  national  museum  comprises  collections  of 
Chinese  and  Japanese  curiosities  and  of  Dutch  national 
relics,  with  a  rich  gallery  of  Dutch  paintings.  The  palace 
of  the  Pnnce  of  Orange  has  also  a  good  collection  of  Dutch 
paintings.  The  king's  palace  is  a  plain  edifice  of  Grecian 
architecture.  The  Binnenhof,  appropriated  to  the  states 
assembly  and  the  chief  government  offices,  comprises  a  por- 
tion of  the  residence  of  the  ancient  counts  of  Holland.  The 
town  has  an  orphan  asylum,  prisons,  numerous  schools,  and 
a  theatre.  The  royal  library  contains  100,000  volumes, 
and  here  are  many  learned  associations  and  private  gal- 
leries of  art.  Some  printing  and  manufactures  are  carried 
on.  A  fine  road,  called  the  Voorhout,  leads  N.  to  the  Bosch, 
a  wooded  park  with  a  suburban  royal  seat;  and  li  miles 
S.E.  of  the  Hague  stood  the  castle  of  Ryswick,  memorable 
for  the  treaty  signed  there  in  1697.  A  bronze  statue  of 
William,  Prince  of  Orange,  was  erected  in  1848. 

'S  Gravenhaag  signifies  literally  "  the  count's  hedge, 
grove,  or  Wood,"  and  appears  to  have  owed  its  origin  to  a 
hunting-seat  of  the  counts  of  Holland,  situated  in  a  wood. 
This,  however,  became  a  palace  as  early  as  1250,  and  around 
it  many  other  houses  were  soon  erected.  But  it  has  risen 
into  importance  chiefly  since  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  and  mainly  through  being  made  the  residence  of 
the  court  and  the  foreign  ministers  and  the  seat  of  the 
states-general  and  the  government. 

Hague,  haig,  a  post-township  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y., 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  George.  It  presents  beautiful 
scenery,  and  has  iron-mines.     Pop.  681. 

Hague,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles 
from  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hague,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  about 
65  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Haguenau,  hlg^no'  or  Ig^nS',  written  also  Hagenau, 
hi'gh^h-now^  a  fortified  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace  (for- 
merly belonging  to  France),  on  the  Moder,  16  miles  N.  of 
Strasburg.  It  was  originally  fortified  by  the  Emperor  Fred- 
erick Barbarossa  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  has  a  church 
of  that  period,  a  synagogue,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  a 
female  penitentiary,  hemp-  and  cotton-yarn-,  madder-,  and 
oil-mills,  manufactories  of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  earth- 
enware, and  soap,  breweries,  and  metal-foundries.  Pop 
11,386. 


UAH 


1346 


HAJ 


Ha  Ha  Bay,  Quebec.    See  Grand  Bay. 

Hahi'ra,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga. 

Hahnaman,  hin'a-man,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co., 
m.  Pop.  624.  It  contains  Deer  Grove,  and  includes  a 
part  of  the  Winnebago  Swamp. 

Hahn's  (hinz)  Peak,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Routt 
CO.,  Col.,  18  miles  N.  of  Steamboat  Springs.  Gold  ia  mined 
here. 

Hahnville,  hin'vil,  a  village  of  St.  Charles  parish, 
La.,  1  mile  from  Hahnville  Railroad  Station,  and  2  miles 
W.  of  St.  Charles.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Haiatpoor,  hi'at-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Maldah,  on  the  Ganges,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Kalindri.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Haibak,  an  Afghan  town.     See  Heibuk. 

Haid,  hid,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  and  22  miles  S. 
of  Budweis.     Pop.  750. 

Haid,  Hayd,  hid,  or  Hayde,  hi'd^h,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 25  miles  W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1680. 

Haida,  Heida,  hi'di,  or  Haide,  hl'd^h,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.  Pop.  2069.  It  has 
manufactures  of  glass  and  crystals. 

Haidee,  hi'dee,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

Haidhausen,  hld'h5w^z§n,  a  village  of  Upper  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Isar,  immediately  opposite  Munich,  of  which  it 
forms  a  suburb.     Pop.  3700. 

Haiduck  (hi'd55k)  (Htyduk,  or  Heydake)  Dis- 
trict, called  also  Haidncken,  Hayducken,  or  Hcy- 
dncken  (hi'dook-§n)  District,  a  district  or  county  of  E. 
Central  Hungary^  comprising  the  so-called  Haiduck  towns  of 
Boszormeny,  Debreczin,  Dorogh,  Hadh^z,  Nanas,  Szoboszlo, 
and  Vamos-Percs.  The  people  (Ilaiducks)  long  had  peculiar 
privileges.     Area,  1289  square  miles.     Pop.  163,742. 

Hai-Dzuong,  hi-dzoo^ng',  a  fortified  town  of  Anam, 
in  Tonquin,  capital  of  a  province.     Pop.  30,000. 

Haifa,  hl'fa,  written  also  Kaiffa,  or  Caiffa,  kiffa, 
a  town  of  Palestine,  on  the  Bay  of  Acre.  Lat.  32°  49' 
12"  N.;  Ion.  35°'  1'  E.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  and 
a  Greek  church,  a  mosque,  and  several  small  synagogues. 
Pop.  4000.  One  milo  W.  of  Haifa,  and  at  the  foot  of  Mt. 
Carmel,  stands  a  German-American  mission  colony,  with  a 
good  school,  60  stone  dwellings,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufac- 
tories of  soap  and  olive-wood  wares.     Pop.  of  colony,  330. 

Hai-Fong,  or  Hai-Phong,  hi^fong',  a  town  and 
open  port  of  Tonquin,  French  Indo-China,  near  the  mouth 
of  an  arm  of  the  Tonquin  River.  Lat.  20°  53'  N.;  Ion. 
106°  45'  E.  It  has  a  French  garrison  and  a  large  trade  by 
sea.     Ships  drawing  20  feet  can  reach  it. 

Hai-Foong,  or  Hai-Fung,  hi'foong',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  near  the  confines  of  Pe- 
Chee-Lee.     Lat.  37°  50'  N.;  Ion.  117°  44'  E. 

Hai-Foong,  or  Hai-Fung,  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Quang-Tong,  82  miles  E.  of  Canton.  Lat.  23°  T 
N.;  Ion.  115°  20'  E. 

Haiger,  hi'gh^r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Nassau,  on  the  Dille.     Pop.  1417. 

Haigerloch,  hi'gh§r-loK\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hohenzollern,  8  miles  W.  of  Hechingen.     Pop.  1155. 

Hai-Keoo-So,  or  Hai-Kheou-So,  hi'ke-oo'so',  a 
maritime  town  of  the  island  of  Hainan,  in  the  China  Sea, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  and  the  chief  mart  of  its  trade, 
on  a  peninsula,  3  miles  N.  of  its  capital  city,  Kiong-Choo. 

Hai-Lam,  an  island  of  China.    See  Hainan. 

Hailesborough,  halz'biir-riih,  a  post-village  of  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fowler  township,  on  the  Oswegat- 
chie  River,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Gouverneur. 

Hailey,  ha'le,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Alturus  co.,  Idaho, 
on  Wood  River,  120  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Boisfi  City.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lum- 
ber- and  saw-mill,  a  brewery,  and  extensive  mining  and 
agricultural  interests.     Pop.  1073. 

Hail'vilie,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Tex. 

Haimbnrg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Hainburg. 

Hain,  a  town  of  Saxony.     See  Grossbnhain. 

Haina,  hi'ni,  or  Jaina,  ai'ni,  a  river  and  bay  of 
flayti :  the  river,  after  a  southward  course  of  38  miles, 
enters  the  bay  12  miles  S.W.  of  Santo  Domingo,  and  on  the 
B.  side  of  the  bay  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Haina,  hl'ni,  a  village  of  Hesse-Nassau,  with  a  lunatic 
asylum  m  the  rich  abbey  of  Cistercians. 

Hainan,  hi^nln'  (Chinese,  Hai-Lam,  hlMim',  "south 
of  the  sea  ),  a  large  island  belonging  to  China,  province 
of  Quang-Tong,  between  lat.  18°  10'  and  20°  N.  and  Ion 
108°  26'  and  111°  E.,  and  separating  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin 
from  the  China  Sea.  Estimated  area,  12,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  probably  comprises  1,000,000  Chinese,  exclusive  of 
wild  tribes  in  the  interior.    Some  of  the  mountains  in  its 


centre  rise  above  the  snow-line.  It  has  some  pretty  larg* 
rivers.  The  coasts  are  generally  rocky,  but  the  W.  is  low, 
ajid  the  S.  has  several  good  harbors.  Soil  not  very  fertile ; 
timber  is  a  principal  product,  and  is  sent  to  Annam,  Siam, 
and  Singapore;  other  exports  are  rice,  sugar,  wax,  pearls, 
coral,  salt,  and  a  little  gold  and  silver.  It  is  subdivided 
into  13  districts.  Kiong-Choo,  the  capital,  is  a  populous 
city  on  its  N.  coast;  other  principal  towns  are  Hush-Eon, 
Hai-Keoo-So,  and  Lok-Hoi. 

Hainan,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Hatnad. 

Hainault,  h&^no',  a  former  forest  of  England,  co.  of 
Essex,  lying  to  the  E.  of  Epping  Forest,  and  N.W.  of 
Romford. 

Hainant,  or  Hainanit,  h&^no'  (Dutch,  Henuegoioen, 
h6n'n§h-go^<^en ;  Ger.  Hennegau,  hSn'n^h-gSw'),  a  frontier 
province  of  Belgium,  bounded  W.  and  S.  by  France.  Area, 
1437  square  miles.  Pop.  956,354.  Surface  generally  level ; 
hilly  in  the  S.E.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Sambre,  Scheldt, 
Dender,  and  Haine  Rivers,  and  by  several  canals.  Princi- 
pal towns,  Mons,  Toumay,  and  Charleroi. 

Hainaut,  or  Hiainault,  h&^nS',  an  ancient  province, 
now  forming  part  of  the  N.E.  of  France  and  S.W.  of  Bel- 
gium. In  the  time  of  Caesar  it  was  inhabited  by  the  Xervii, 
and  not  until  the  seventh  century  did  it  take  the  name  of 
Hainaut.  A  part  was  ceded  to  the  French  in  1659  and 
1678,  and  is  now  included  in  the  department  of  Nord. 

Hainbnrg,  hin'bfidiio,  or  Haimburg,  hIm'bodRO,  a 
town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  27  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  4178.  It  has  an  important  to- 
bacco-factory, tho  largest  in  Austria. 

Haindorf,  hln'doRf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  from 
Friedland,  at  the  foot  of  the  Isergebirge.     Pop.  1358. 

Haine,  bin,  a  river  of  Belgium,  after  a  W.  course  of  40 
miles  joins  tho  Scheldt  in  France,  opposite  Cond6. 

Haines,  h&nz,  a  station  on  the  Columbia  &,  Port  De- 
posit Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Deposit,  Md. 

Haines,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1354.  It 
contains  Aaronsburg. 

Haine-Saint-Pierre,  h&n-8&N"-pe-aiR',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  12  miles  W.  of  Charleroi.    Pop.  2000. 

Hainesburg,  hanz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo., 
N.J.,  in  Knowlton  township,  on  the  Paulins  River,  and  on 
the  Blairstown  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Belvidere.  It  has 
a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Haines  (hanz)  Creek,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  enters 
the  S.  branch  of  Ranoocas  Creek,  above  Luuiberton. 

Hainesport,  hanz'port,  a  post-village  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  has  a  church,  and 
a  manufactory  of  cast-iron  sinks  and  pipes.     P.  about  200. 

Hainesville,  hanz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  III., 
in  Avon  township,  12  miles  W.  of  Waukegan.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200.    See  also  Prettvman. 

Hainesville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas  City,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Platts- 
burg.  It  was  formerly  more  populous  than  at  present. 
Pop.  248. 

Hainesville,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Hainesville,  a  hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  ^  mile 
W.  of  Bedington. 

Hainesville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hainewalde,  hi'nQh-^&Pd^h,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
near  Zittau.     Pop.  2677,  mostly  weavers. 

Hainichen,  hi'niK-^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  40  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Leipsic.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
linens,  flannel,  &c.,  also  coal-mines.     Pop.  8331. 

Hainspach,  hin'sp&K,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  37  miles 
N.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2660. 

Hain-zur-Dreieich,  bine-tsooR-dri'iK,  or  Drei- 
eichenhain,  drl-iK'^n-binc',  a  walled  town  of  Hesse, 
province  of  Starkenburg,  near  Offenbach.     Pop.  1007. 

Hai-Phong,  a  town  of  Tonquin.     See  Hai-Fong. 

Hair's  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Hairumbo,  a  country  of  India.     See  Cachar. 

Hair'y  Bear,  a  peak  of  the  Black  Mountains,  in  West- 
ern North  Carolina,  6610  feet  high. 

Hai-Tan,  hrt&n',  an  island  of  the  Strait  of  Formosa, 
in  the  China  Sea.     Lat.  25°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  E. 

Haiterbach,  hi't§r-biK\  a  town  of  WUrtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1864. 

Haiti,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies.     See  Hatti. 

Hajar,  a  district  of  Arabia.     See  Lahsa. 

Hajducken  District,  Hungai-y.    See  Haiduck. 

Hajee-Abbassee,  or  Hadji-Abbassi,  h&d'jee- 
&b-bis'see,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bartan,  60 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Kastamoonee. 


^W-^^^aI^  -^  n; 


V    f^ 


HAJ 


347 


HAL 


Hfuee-Hamzah,orHadji-Hainza,hd,d'jee-h&m''- 

E&,  a  neat  country  town  of  Asia  Minor,  26  miles  E.  of  Tosia, 
near  the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Hajee-Ogloo-Bazaijeek,  or  Hadji-Oglou- 
Bazardjik,  hid'jee-og'Ioo-bi-zir-jeek',  also  called  Ba- 
zaijeek,  Basaijik,  or  Basardschyk,  a  town  of  Bul- 
garia, 22  miles  N,  of  Varna.     Pop.  6000. 

Hajeepoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  HADjrpooR. 

Hajiabad,  hi-j3,-bid',  a  small  town  of  Persia,  in  Ker- 
man,  40  miles  W.  of  Gombroon,  near  the  centre  of  the  Per- 
sian Gulf.     Pop.  from  600  to  700. 

Hajiabad,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  near 
Teheran. 

Hajilar,  or  Hadjilar,  hi-je-lan',  a  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh,  near  the  ruins  of  Isaura. 

Hajssin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gajssin. 

Hakary,  Hakkari,  h5,k-k8,'ree%  or  Hakiaria,  hk- 
Ke-i-ree'fl.,  a  mountain-district  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  of 
which  Joolamerk  1b  the  capital.  Estimated  pop.  50,000 
families,  Nestorian  Christians. 

Hak'ersay%  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Hebrides,  Scot- 
land, between  Barra  and  South  Uist. 

Hakim-Khan,  hi'kim-K&n,  written  also  Hakin- 
Khaii,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalio  and  65  miles 
S.E.  of  Seevas.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Hakodadi,  h&-ko-di'de,  or  Hakodate,  h&-ko-d&'t&, 
an  open  seaport  town  of  Japan,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Yesso.  Lat.  41°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  140°  45'  E.  It 
has  but  little  foreign  commerce,  but  its  climate  is  very  cool 
and  pleasant,  and  its  harbor  spacious.    Pop.  (1890)  52,909. 

Hal,  hil,  or  Halle,  hari§h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
South  Brabant,  on  the  Senne,  and  on  the  Charleroi  Canal, 
at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brussels.    P.  7716. 

Hala,  a  town  of  India.     See  Ha.lla. 

Halabli,  a  village  of  Turkey.     See  Alablee. 

Halai,  hi-ll',  a  village  of  Abyssinia,  state  of  Tigr6,  120 
miles  N.  of  Antalo,  on  the  route  to  Arkeeko,  and  8625  feet 
above  the  sea.     Pop.  400. 

Hala  (hi,'l&)  Mountains,  an  extensive  and  lofty 
range  in  Beloochistan,  stretching  from  N.  to  S.,  and  termi- 
nating, in  the  latter  direction,  at  Cape  Monze,  in  the  Ara- 
bian Sea,  lat.  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  66°  50'  E.  Two  main 
passes  intersect  these  mountains, — the  Bolan  and  Moola 
Passes,  each  affording  a  tedious  but  not  very  difficult 
access  from  the  plains  on  the  E.  to  the  western  highlands. 

Hal  as,  hohMosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Little  Cuma- 
nia,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pesth,  on  Lake  Halasto.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  13,127. 

Halazestat,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Hallstadt. 

Halbau,  hil'bSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  45  miles 
N."W.  of  Liegnitz,  and  on  the  railway  from  Berlin  to  Bres- 
lau.     Pop.  1090. 

Halberstadt,  hil'b^r-stitt^  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, government  and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  at  a 
railway  junction.  Pop.  36,786.  It  is  built  in  an  antique 
style,  and  has  a  cathedral  of  the  fifteenth  century,  12  other 
churches  (10  Protestant  and  2  Roman  Catholic),  a  syna- 
gogue, a  handsome  mansion-house,  formerly  a  royal  palace, 
a  theatre,  gymnasium,  normal  school,  2  large  public  libra- 
ries, various  private  museums  and  picture-galleries,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  stufiFs,  leather,  carpets,  linen  fabrics, 
gloves,  straw  hats,  starch,  tobacco,  soap,  &c.,  with  large  oil- 
refineries,  many  breweries,  and  an  active  trade. 

Hal'bert,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River.     Pop.  1336. 

Halbthurn,  h&lb'tooRn\  a  village  of  Hungary,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  2093. 

Hal'bur,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Carroll.     It  has  a  bank,  Ac. 

Halcott  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Halcott  township,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Griffin's  Corners  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Hal'cottsville,  a  post- village  in  Middletown  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  49 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Halcyon  (hal'si-9n)  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Scriven 
00.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  60  miles  N.W. 
of  Savannah. 

Hald,  h&ld,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Viborg,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name.  It 
has  the  extensive  ruins  of  a  strong  castle. 

Hal 'dan  e,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Freeport.     It  has  a  church. 

Haldensleben,  hil'd^ns-li^b^n.  New  and  Old,  two 
adjacent  towns  of  Prussian  Saxony,  about  15  miles  N.W. 


of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ohre.  Pop.  of  New  Haldensleben, 
5847  ;  of  Old  Haldensleben,  2092. 

Hal'dimand,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  near  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Ontario.  Area,  367  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Grand  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk, 
Great  Western  (Air-Line),  Canada  Southern,  and  Hamilton 
&  Lake  Erie  Railways.     Capital,  Cayuga.     Pop.  19,042. 

Haldimand,  villages  of  Ontario.  See  Btng  and 
Grafton. 

Hal'don,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  4^  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Exeter. 

Haldubary,  or  Haldabari,  hS,l'd§,-b&^ree,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Purneah. 

Hale,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  732  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Black  Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Alabama  Central  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.  border  of 
this  county,  which  is  also  intersected  by  the  Alabama  <fc 
Chattanooga  Railroad.  Capital,  Greensborough.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,792;  in  1880,  26,663;  in  1890,  27,601. 

Hale,  a  county  of  Northwestern  Texas,  on  the  Staked 
Plain.  Area,  1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Brazos  River  and  Catfish  Creek.  Capital,  Plainview.  Pop. 
in  1890,  721. 

Hale,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  23  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  in 
1890,  530. 

Hale,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.  Pop.  1254.  It  con- 
tains Ridgeway  and  Mount  Victory. 

Hale,  a  post-township  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  about 
25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eau  Claire.     Pop.  1020. 

Haleb,orHaleb  es  Shabba,  the  Arabic  for  Aleppo. 

Haleborough,  hal'biir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale 
CO.,  Ala.,  10  miles  N.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring. 

Hal'edon,  a  village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  in  Manchester 
township,  2  miles  from  Paterson.  It  has  a  church,  a  silk- 
factory,  and  2  stone-quarries. 

Hale'na,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,in  Jackson 
and  Washington  townships,  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hale's  Bay,  a  hamlet  and  landing  in  Delta  co.,  Mich., 
on  Big  Bay  de  Noquet,  Lake  Michigan,  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Escanaba.     Here  is  Garden  Post-Office. 

Halesborough,  halz'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red 
River  co.,  Tex.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  high  school. 

Hale's  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis., 
in  Greenfield  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  large  lime-kiln. 

Hale's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  is  at 
Pioneer  Station  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Hale's  Ed'dy,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Delaware 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Delaware,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  43  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Hale's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Hale's  Loca'tion,  a  tract  of  land  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
in  the  White  Mountain  region.     Pop.  4. 

HalesoAven,  hilz'o'^n,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
AVorcester,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  2984. 
It  has  a  handsome  main  street,  a  Norman  church,  a  chapel 
partly  built  in  the  Saxon  era,  some  remains  of  a  large 
abbey  founded  in  the  reign  of  John,  and  a  grammar-school. 

Hale's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dyersburg. 
Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Hale's  Sul'phur  Spring,  a  watering-place  of  Haw- 
kins CO.,  Tenn.,  6  miles  N.  of  Rogersville. 

Halesworth,  hilz'wprth,  a  market-town  and  parish 
of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Blyth,  7  miles  S.  of 
Ipswich.  It  has  manufactures  of  hempen  fabrics.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2437. 

Hale  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Hale  township,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  <fc  Dakota  Railroad, 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  a  church. 

Hale'wood,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
4  miles  S.  of  Prescot.     Pop.  1790. 

Hale  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Haley's,  ha'liz,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Haley's,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  main  line,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Ha'leysburg,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va 


HAL 


1348 


HAL 


Ha'ley's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Haley's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn., 
»n  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  58  miles  B.  of 
Nashville.  „  .  -.^    ./•        w 

Hal  fay,  Halfai,  hil  fi',  Halfaia,  or  Halfayeh, 
h4l-fi'9h,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  15 
miles  N.  of  Khartoom.  .   ^     ^u 

HalTbreed  Creek,  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  flows  into  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Half  Day,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  in  Vernon 
township,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Chicago.     It  has  a  church,  4  stores,  and  3  wagon-snops. 

Half  Dome,  California,  a  granite  mountain  which 
stands  near  the  E.  end  of  the  Yosemite  Valley  and  is  sep- 
arated from  the  North  Dome  by  the  canon  of  the  Tenaya 
Fork.  It  is  the  grandest  and  loftiest  mass  of  the  Yosemite 
Valley,  above  which  it  rises  4737  feet.  Its  altitude  is  about 
8800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  face  fronting  the 
Tenaya  is  absolutely  vertical  for  2000  feet  down  from  the 
summit,  which  is  said  to  be  inaccessible.  "  It  is  a  unique 
thing  in  mountain-scenery,"  says  Professor  Whitney.  "  It 
strikes  even  the  most  casual  observer  as  a  new  revelation  in 
mountain-forms."  It  appears  like  the  half  of  a  dome- 
shaped  mountain  which  had  been  bisected  vertically  and 
one  half  removed.  ^ 

Half  Moon,  a  post-township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.\., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Albany,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Hudson  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mohawk.  It  borders 
on  the  Brie  Canal.  It  contains  a  part  of  Mechanicsviile, 
ftlso  villages  named  Crescent  and  Middletown.  It  has  9 
churches.     Pop.  3188.     Half-Moon  Post-Office  is  at  Middlb- 

TOWN. 

Half  Moon,  a  hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in  Half  Moon 
township,  3  miles  E.  of  Port  Matilda  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Stormstown  Post-Office.     Pop.  698. 

Halfmoon  Bay,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  nbout  27  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  Ae. 

Half  Moon  Island,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Half  Moon  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  116°  10'  E. 

Half  Moon  Keys,  some  reefs  and  islands  immediately 
E.  of  Portland  Point,  the  S.  extremity  of  Jamaica. 

Half  Mound,  a  station  in  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Holton. 

Half  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  oo..  Mo.,  in  Med- 
icine township,  10  miles  E.  of  Mill  Grove.     It  has  a  church. 

Half  Way,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas. 

Half  \Vay,  a  post-office  of  Allen  oo.,  Ky. 

Half  Way,  a  post-village  of  Polk  oo.,  Mo.,  27  miloB 
N.W.  of  Marshfleld.     It  has  a  church. 

Half  Way,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Syracuse. 

Half  Way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  The  Plains  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Half  Way  Creek,  a  post-office  of  La  Crosse  oo..  Wis. 

Halfway  Station,  Chesterfield  oo.,  Va.,  is  on  the 
Richmond  <fc  Petersburg  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Richmond. 
Here  is  Proctor's  Creek  Post-Office. 

Halfweg,  hilf  wSg,  a  small  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  railway  between  Amsterdam  and  Haarlem. 

Halgan,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Onea  Haloan. 

Haliacmon,  the  ancient  name  of  Indje-Kara-Soo. 

Haliavola,  the  Latin  name  of  Qagliavola. 

Hai'iburton,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  oo.,  On- 
tario, at  the  head  of  Lake  Kashagawigamog,  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Minden.  It  contains  9  stores.  Steamers  ply  between 
here  and  Peterborough.     Pop.  150. 

Halibut  (h51'?-biit)  or  Sanna§rh  (sin-naH'  or  sin- 
nag'),  called  also  Sanak  and  Sannak,  Island,  in  the 
North  Pacific,  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  of 
Aliaska.     Lat.  54°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  162°  50'  W. 

Halicarnassus,  the  ancient  name  of  Boodrooh. 

Haiics,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Gai,icia. 

Halicz,  hi'litch,  or  Galitch,  gi'litch,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Galicia,  on  the  Dniester,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lemberz. 
Pop.  3142.  * 

Halifax,  hal'^-fax,  a  parliamentary  borough,  large  man- 
ufacturing town,  and  township  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  navigable  Calder,  and  on  two  railways, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Leeds.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on 
a  declivity,  surrounded  by  lofty  heights,  and,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  few  ancient  streets,  is  mostly  built  of  stone.  It 
U  well  paved  and  lighted.  Chief  buildings,  the  Piece  Hall, 
a  vast  and  handsome  stone-built  quadrangle,  containing 
warehouses  in  which  the  manufacturers  keep  their  cloths  for 
■ale :  and  the  parish  church,  a  fine  struotore  of  the  fifteenth 


century,  and  to  which  about  18  other  churches  and  chapelt 
are  subordinate.  All  Souls'  church  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
in  England.  Here  are  also  numerous  meeting-houses  and 
schools,  several  of  which  are  well  endowed,  a  blue-coat  hos- 
pital, founded  in  1642,  a  handsome  modern  infirmary,  a 
jail,  a  fine  town  hall,  a  large  orphanage,  almshouses,  a  peo- 
ple's park,  a  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  public  baths,  library, 
literary  society's  hall,  with  library  and  museum,  mechanics' 
institute,  and  several  banks.  The  woollen-manufacture  was 
introduced  here  early  in  the  fifteenth  century,  the  abun- 
dance of  water-power  being  probably  the  great  attraction. 
Since  the  use  of  steam,  this  manufacture  has  immensely 
increased,  coal  being  plentiful  in  the  parish,  and  the  river 
Calder  forming  a  means  of  communication  with  Hull  on  the 
one  side  and  Liverpool  on  the  other.  The  principal  staples 
are  carpets,  shalloons,  camlets,  figured  vestings,  moreens, 
bombazines,  crapes,  russets,  serges,  baizes,  coatings,  broad 
and  narrow  cloths,  kerseys,  cottons,  and  silks.  Most  of  the 
goods  are  sold  in  an  unfinished  state.  Halifax  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  The  manor  was  re- 
markable in  the  Middle  Ages  for  its  strict  laws  against 
thieves,  and  exercised  the  power  of  jurisdiction  in  capital 
oases  so  late  as  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Pop.  in  1871,  65,510  ;  in  1881,  73,630;  in  1891,  82,864. 

Halifax,  hal'^-fax,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North 
Corolina,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Ronnukc  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  Fishing  River.  A  large  part  uf  the  surface  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Qranite 
abounds  in  the  western  part  of  this  county,  and  tertiary 
rooks  underlie  the  eastern  part.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad  and  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston 
Railroad.  Capital,  Halifax.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,408;  in 
1880,  30,300  ;  in  1890,  28,908, 

Halifax,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  820  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Staunton  River,  in- 
tersected by  the  Dan  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Banister 
and  Hyoootee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  k  Danville  Railroad 
and  by  the  Lynchburg  &  Durham  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Houston  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,828;  in 
1880,  33,588  ;  in  1890,  .34,424. 

Halifax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Halifax  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Plymouth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a 
box-factory.  Pop.  of  the  township,  562. 
Halifax,  a  post-office  of  Greeley  co..  Neb. 
Halifax,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Roanoke  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Weldon,  and  154  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  contains  a 
court-house  and  several  churches.  Its  post-office  is  Halifax 
Court- House.  Steamboats  ascend  the  River  to  this  place. 
Pop.  361. 

Halifax,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Halifax 
township,  on  the  Susquehnnna  River,  and  on  fehe  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  common  schools,  an^ 
a  shoe-factory.     Pop.  515;  of  the  township,  1208. 

Halifax,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Brattleborough.  The  township  is  on  the  Massa- 
chusetts line.  It  has  2  churches,  district  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  chair-stock.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Halifax,  a  city  and  seaport,  capital  of  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  that  peninsula,  nearly  equidistant  from  its 
N.E.  and  S.W.  extremities,  in  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  63°  35'  W. 
It  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  Chebucto  Bay,  now  called 
Halifax  Harbor.  The  streets  are  spacious  and  cross  one 
another  at  right  angles.  Many  of  the  houses  are  of  wood, 
plastered  and  stuccoed,  but  many  also  are  built  of  stone. 
The  city  has  24  churches  (including  a  Church  of  England 
cathedral  and  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral),  a  large  number 
of  school-housoSj  some  of  which  are  elegantly  built  struc- 
tures, 6  banks,  2  branch  banks  and  a  savings-bank,  a  city 
and  a  county  court-house,  a  jail,  a  penitentiary,  markets, 
2  or  3  public  halls,  2  large  and  handsome  provincial  build- 
ings, 3  club-houses,  3  colleges,  2  barracks,  3  hospitals  (city, 
military,  and  naval),  a  poor's  asylum,  an  asylum  for  the 
blind,  about  20  hotels,  a  large  number  of  stores,  and  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  machinery  of  every  description, 
agricultural  implements,  nails,  pails,  fuse,  gunpowder,  cord- 
age, boots  and  shoes,  soap  and  candles,  leather,  tobacco, 
paper,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  wooden-ware,  Aw.,  also 
a  sugar-refinery,  distilleries,  and   breweries.      At  the  N 


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end  of  the  city  is  a  large  royal  dock-yard,  covering  14  aores, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  British  colonies.  The  harbor  is  6 
miles  long,  by  about  a  mile  in  width;  there  is  excellent 
anchorage  in  every  part  of  it,  and  at  the  N.  end  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  narrow  arm  with  Bedford  Basin,  6  miles  by  4 
in  size,  capable  of  containing  all  the  navies  of  the  world. 
Halifax  is  protected  by  11  diflferent  fortifications,  and  is  the 
chief  naval  station  of  British  North  America. 

The  city  of  Halifax  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  alder- 
man, assisted  by  a  stipendiary  magistrate  and  40  policemen. 
The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  houses  supplied 
with  gas  and  water.  The  city  has  extensive  steam  commu- 
nication with  various  parts  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
Newfoundland,  the  United  States,  the  West  Indies,  and 
Great  Britain.  Railway  lines  connect  it  with  Pictou,  An- 
napolis, St.  John,  the  United  States,  and  the  provinces  of 
Quebec  and  Ontario.  Halifax  is  the  southeastern  terminus 
of  the  Intercolonial  Railway.  There  are  owned  here  over 
100  square-rigged  vessels,  and  many  schooners. 

The  city  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
and  two  to  the  provincial  legislature.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Anglican  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  of  the  Catholic  archbishop  of  Halifax.  Fifteen  news- 
papers are  issued  in  the  city,  4  of  which  are  daily. 

Halifax  was  originally  called  Chedabueto  or  Chebucto, 
but  in  1749,  when  it  was  proclaimed  the  capital  of  Acadia, 
it  received  its  present  name.  In  1790  it  contained  700 
houses  and  4000  inhabitants;  in  182S,  1580  houses  and 
14,439  inhabitants;  and  in  1871,  4326  houses  and  29,582 
inhabitants;  in  1881,  36,100;  in  1891,  38,556. 

Halifax^  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  2097  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Shubenacadie,  Musquodoboit,  and  other  rivers,  and 
over  its  surface  are  scattered  several  considerable  lakes. 
The  indentations  of  its  coast  furnish  6  harbors  capable  of 
receiving  ships  of  the  line,  besides  numerous  others  visited 
by  merchant-vessels ;  its  shores  are  thickly  studded  with 
islands.  A  belt  of  high  broken  land  borders  on  the  Atlantic 
throughout  the  entire  extent  of  the  county,  but  beyond 
this  the  surface  is  moderately  level.  Ores  of  lead  are  found 
near  the  Shubenacadie  River,  and  gold-veins  run  through 
nearly  the  whole  county.  The  chief  industry  of  the  in- 
habitants is  directed  to  commerce,  ship-building,  and  the 
fisheries.  Halifax  is  the  most  populous  county  in  Nova 
Scotia.  Capital,  Halifax.  Pop.  17,053,  exclusive  of  the 
city  of  Halifax. 

Halifax,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Ferdinand  de  Halifax. 

Halifax  Bay,  of  Northeast  Australia,  in  lat.  19°  S., 
Ion.  147°  E.,  between  Rockingham  and  Cleveland  Bays,  is 
45  miles  in  width,  and  contains  the  Palm  Islands. 

Halifax  Court-House,  Halifax  co.,  N.C.  See 
Halifax. 

Halifax  Court-House,  or  Banister,  Va.  See 
Houston. 

Halifax  River,  a  navigable  tidal  channel  of  Volusia 
CO.,  Fla.,  extending  N.  30  miles  from  Mosquito  Inlet,  and 
continuous  southward  with  Hillsborough  River.  It  is 
about  one  mile  wide,  and  flows  into  the  Atlantic.  Its 
waters  are  salt,  and  abound  in  fish  and  oysters. 

Hall,  IiS,ll,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  6 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Innspruok.  Pop.  5010,  chiefly  employed 
in  salt-mines.  It  has  a  mint,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  ladies' 
seminary,  with  cotton-  and  linen-factories. 

Hall,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  19  miles  S.  of  Lintz. 
It  has  iodine  springs  and  a  bath.     Pop.  903. 

Hall,  or  Schwabisch  Hall,  swa'bish  h&ll,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  WUrtemberg,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Kooher, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.,  including  suburbs,  8430. 
It  was  formerly  a  free  imperial  city,  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  7  churches,  a  fine  town  hall,  a  richly-endowed  college, 
a  mint,  a  hospital,  2  public  libraries,  and,  next  to  Ulm,  the 
greatest  number  of  sugar-refineries  in  the  kingdom.  It 
has  also  some  soap  and  other  factories,  and  a  large  trade  in 
oxen,  hogs,  and  salt  from  the  neighboring  springs  and 
mines.  On  an  adjacent  hill  is  the  old  castle  of  Coneburg, 
now  used  as  an  invalid  hospital. 

Hall,  or  Nieder  Hall,  nee'd^r  hMl,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  WUrtemberg,  W.  of  Ingelfingen,  on  the  Kocher, 
with  salt  springs.     Pop.  1401. 

Hall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  497  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chatta- 
hoochee River,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chestatee,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Oconee  River,  which  rises  within  its 
limits.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is 
oovered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  a  little  cotton.  Gold  and  precious  stones  have 
been  found  in  this  county.    It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 


Railroad  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  both  of 
which  pass  through  Gainesville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9607;  in  1880,  15,298;  in  1890,  18,047. 

Hall,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  552  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Platte  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Loup  Fork  and 
Prairie  Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  plain,  in 
which  timber  is  scarce.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile, 
producing  good  natural  pasture.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
oats  are  among  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Grand 
Island.  Pop.  in  1870, 1057  ;  in  1876,  4615  ;  in  1880,  8572 ; 
in    1890,  16,513. 

Hall,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Red  River.     Area,  900  square  miles.    Pop.  (1890)  703. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Bur^u  co.,  HI.     Pop.  1059. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2046. 

Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Gregg 
township,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  778. 

Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1240. 

Halla,  hiX'lh,  or  Hala,  also  called  New  Halla,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  35  miles  N.  of 
Hyderabad.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cups  and 
earthenwares,  and  a  Mohammedan  shrine.     Pop.  4700. 

Hal'ladale,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland, 
falls  into  the  North  Sea. 

Hallah,  a  city  of  Asia.     See  Holwan. 

Hal'lamshire,  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  composed  of  the  two  extensive  parishes  of 
Sheffield  and  Ecclesfield.  Much  of  this  district  preserves 
its  ancient  forest  and  moorland  character. 

Halland,  a  leen  of  Sweden.     See  Halmstad. 

Hallands-Waedero,  hil'linds--*i'd§h-roo,  a  small 
island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Cattegat,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Engel- 
holm.     Lat.  56°  26'  N.;  Ion.  12°  30'  E. 

Hal'laton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  7  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Market-Harborough.     Pop.  614. 

Hallau,  hil'lSw,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  dSn't^r,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  8 
miles  W.  of  Scha8"hausen.  Pop.  of  Ober- Hallau,  651 ;  o*" 
Unter-Hallau,  2402. 

Hall  Centre,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y. 

Halle,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Hal. 

Halle,  ha.l'l§h,  a  city  of  Prussian  Saxony,  Germany, 
on  the  Saale,  and  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Leipsic.  It  is  old,  ill  built,  and  divided  into 
several  quarters,  each  with  its  own  magistracy.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  the  Gothic  church  of  St.  Mary;  the 
church  of  St.  Maurice,  an  edifice  of  the  twelfth  century ;  the 
"  Red  Tower"  in  the  market-place,  250  feet  in  height ;  the 
university  buildings;  and  outside  of  the  walls,  eastward,  a 
monument  to  the  Germans  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Leipsio. 
Its  university,  founded  in  1694  and  long  famous  for  the- 
ology, had  united  to  it,  in  1815,  that  of  Wittenberg,  and 
possesses  a  library  of  100,000  volumes,  various  museums, 
an  anatomical  theatre,  chemical  laboratory,  botanic  garden 
and  observatory,  and  several  affiliated  seminaries.  Franke's 
Institutions,  in  the  suburb  of  Glaucha,  form  another  edu- 
cational establishment  of  repute ;  and  there  are  many  pri- 
vate schools,  hospitals,  <fcc.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  of  hardwares,  starch,  woollen  goods,  buttons,  hosiery, 
leather,  gloves,  &c. ;  and  near  the  city  are  salt  springs, 
yielding  from  225,000  to  300,000  hundredweight  of  salt 
annually.  The  workmen  engaged  in  the  salt-works  are 
called  Halloren  (hil-lo'r^n ;  sing.  Hallor,  hil-lor'),  and  are 
a  peculiar  race,  distinguished  by  their  physiognomj-,  cos- 
tume, and  customs,  and  supposed  to  be  descended  from  the 
aboriginal  inhabitants.  They  enjoy  many  privileges  and 
immunities.    Pop.  in  1880,  71,484;  in  1890,  101,401. 

Halle,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  29  miles  S.W. 
of  Minden.     Pop.  1480. 

Hal'leck,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  2  miles 
from  Wallace,  and  13  miles  S.  of  St.  Joseph.   It  has  a  church. 

Halleck,  a  small  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elko. 

Hallein,  hil'line,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Salzburg,  on  the  Salza.  Pop.  3614.  The 
town  has  large  salt-mines,  and  manufactures  of  cottons, 
wooden-ware,  pins,  brass  goods,  and  buttons. 

Hall  enberg,  hil'l§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 32  miles  S.E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1233. 

Hallenconrt,  hlrifiu^'kooR',  a  village  of  France,  ii 
Somme,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1988. 


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Hal'lerton,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  cc,  Quebec, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Heinmingford.     It  has  2  stores.    Pop.  150. 

Hal'Iettsville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lavaca  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  Lavaca  River,  100  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of 
Houston.  It  has  8  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices, 
an  oil-mill,  3  cotton-gins,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1011. 

Halligen,  hS,l'le-gh§n,  or  the  Hallig  Islands,  an 
island  group  of  Prussia,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sleswick.  The 
chief  islands  are  Langenes  and  Nordmarsch  (one  island),  the 
Hooge,  Grode,  and  Oland  or  Oeland.  They  form  part  of  the 
North  Frisian  group. 

Hallingdal,  hil'ling-dil\  a  valley  of  Norway,  about 
80  miles  N.W,  of  Christiania.  In  its  upper  parts  it  is 
formed,  on  one  side,  by  the  Halling-skarven  and  Halling- 
jokalen  Hills,  respectively  5900  feet  and  6017  feet  high. 

Hal'lington,  a  post- village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Litchfield  township,  on  the  Naugatuck  River,  and  on  the 
Naugatuck  Railroad  (at  Fluteville  Stetion),  12  miles  N. 
of  Waterbury.  It  has  a  flute-faotory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Hall  Island,  or  Morileoo,  an  island  of  Micronesia. 
Lat.  8°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  152°  20'  E.     Pop.  100. 

Hall'man's,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pick- 
ering Valley  Railroad,  5^  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenixville. 

Hallo'ca,  a  post-office  of  Chattahoochee  co.,  Ga. 

Hal'lock,  a  post-township  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Peona.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1094. 

Hallock's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  from  Yorktown  Station.  It  is  near  the  Croton 
Dam,  from  which  New  York  City  derives  water. 

Hal'lowayya  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  several  mills  and  cheese- 
factories.     Pop.  100. 

Ual'lowell,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  is 
at  Lone  Tree  Station  of  the  Missouri  &  Western  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Hallowell,  hal'lo-well  or  hSl'lo-well,  a  city  of  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  2 
miles  by  rail  below  Augusta,  and  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port- 
land. It  contains  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
3  national  banks,  an  iron-foundry,  maehine-.«hops,  a  shoe- 
factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  oil-cloth.  Granite  is  quarried 
near  this  place,  and  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  3181. 

Mall's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.  of  Bowie  Junction.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  2 
stores,  and  10  dwellings. 

Hall's,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  railroad  from  St.  Joseph  to  Atchison,  Kansas,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  is  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Hall's,  a  station  on  the  Buffalo,  Tonawanda  &  Lock- 
port  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Lookport,  N.Y. 

Hall's,  a  township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.O.     Pop.  1010. 

Hall's,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
wissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Muncy  Creek  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Williamsport. 

Hallsborongh,  hallz'bfir-rilh,  a  post-office  of  Ches- 
■terfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  at 
Tomahawk  Station,  17  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

Hall's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 

Hall's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Can- 
andaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Hall's  Corners,  Ontario.     See  Binbrook. 

Hall's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Hall's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Davie  co.,  N.C. 

Hall's  Gap  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great 
Bouthern  Railroad,  109  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville, 

Hall's  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kentville. 
It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Hall's  Island,  one  of  the  Gilbert  group,  in  the  Pa- 
cific, lat.  0"  o3'  N.,  Ion.  173°  E.,  9  miles  long  from  N.E.  to 
S.W.,  and  6  miles  broad.     See  Hall  Island. 

Hall's  Islands,  Canada,  are  at  the  W.  entrance  of 
Frobisher's  Strait,  in  lat.  63°  N.,  Ion.  65°  W. 

Hall's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  65  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 
Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 
Hallsport,  hallz'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Willing  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Wellsville  (Gen- 
•esee  Station).     It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  cheese-factor'-. 


Hall's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Powell  oo.,  Ky. 

Hall's  Stream  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
New  Hampshire  and  Canada,  and  falls  into  the  Connecticut. 

Hall's  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  City,  Burlington  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Hallstadt,  Hallstatt,  h&n'st&tt,  or  Halazestat, 
hi'l3,t-si-stitt\  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Hallstadt,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Radstadt,  with 
salt-mines.     Pop.  1671. 

Hallstadt,  or  Hallstatt,  hill'stitt,  a  lake  of  Upper 
Austria,  is  about  6  miles  long,  and  is  remarkable  for  the 
wild  and  gloomy  character  of  its  scenery. 

Hallstadt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1929. 

Hall's  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
W.  of  McConnellville.     Here  is  a  well  of  inflammable  gas. 

Hallsville,  hallz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  oo..  111., 
on  the  railroad  between  Clinton  and  Lincoln,  6  or  7  miles 
W.  of  Clinton. 

Hallsville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Hallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo.,  near  the 
Columbia  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Centralia.  Its  station,  J  of  a 
mile  distant,  is  called  Hickman.     Pop.  25. 

Hallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Plain. 

Hallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C,  on  Go- 
shen Creek,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Wilmington.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  Hallsville  township,  381. 

Hallsville,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Colerain 
township,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  general  stores. 

Hallsville,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1416. 

Hallsville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  9 
miles  E.  of  Longview.  It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic  in- 
stitute, a  carriage-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  brick-yard. 

Hall  Town,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  111. 

Hall'town,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Hallue,  h&riu',or  Qn6rieax,k&^ree-uh',  asmall  river 
of  France,  in  Somme,  a  tributary  of  the  river  Somme,  which 
it  joins  from  the  N.  below  Corbie.  It  gives  name  to  the 
battle  of  Deo.  23,  1870,  between  the  French  and  Germans. 

Halluin,  h&riii^4M»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Lys,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lille.  It  has 
cotton-factories  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  8584. 

Hallum,  h&l'lfim,  or  Hallun,  h&l'liin,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  province  of  Friesland,  7  miles  N.  of  Leeu- 
warden.     Pop.  2511. 

Hall  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Park 
CO.,  Col.,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Fair  Play.  It  has  reduction-works 
for  silver. 

HalI'ville,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  Bitter  Creek,  40  miles 
E.  of  Green  River  City.  Here  good  coal  is  found.  Eleva- 
tion, 6590  feet. 

HallAVyl,  h&U'^il,  or  Hallweil,  h&ll'<^ile,  a  lake  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  is  an  expansion  of  the  river 
Aa,  5  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth.  The  castle 
and  village  of  Hallwyl  are  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Halmahera,  an  island.     See  Gilolo. 

Halmi,  h&l'mee,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  and  near 
Beregh.     Pop.  800. 

Halmstad,  h&lm'st&d,  or  Halland,  h&l'l&nd,  a  Issn 
of  Sweden,  having  W.  the  Cattegat.  Area,  1893  square 
miles.     Pop.  133,988. 

Halmstad,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a 
Isen,  on  Laholm  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  Cattegat,  76  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gothenburg.     Pop.  7136. 

Halone,  the  ancient  name  of  Alokia. 

Hals,  hils,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  15  miles  B. 
of  Aalborg,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Lym-Fiord.     Pop.  600. 

Halsbrticke,  hils'briik-k^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Saxony,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1668. 

Halsdorf,  hils'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse* 
Nassau,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  481. 

Hal'sellville,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  S.C. 

Halsey,  h&l'se,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  16  or  17  miles  S.  of  Al- 
bany. It  is  in  the  fertile  Willamette  Valley.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  warehouses 
for  grain,  and  a  tile-factory.     Pop.  270. 

Halsey   Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of   Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 


HAL 


1351 


HAM 


about  22  miles  E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop,  103. 

Halseyville*  h&l'se-yll,  a  hamlet  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Trumansburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Halstead)  hy'st^d,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  on 
the  Colne,  26  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Chelmsford.  It  has  a 
ohurch  containing  several  ancient  monuments,  a  handsome 
grammar-school,  a  house  of  correction,  and  manufactures 
of  satins,  crape,  iron-ware,  and  straw  plait.     Pop.  5783. 

Halstead,  hil'st^d,  a  post-oflBce  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark. 

Halstead,  a  post-village  on  the  S.  boundary  of  Hal- 
stead  township,  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  on  Little  Arkansas 
Kiver,  9  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  a  high  school,  a  broom-factory, 
corn-  and  feed-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1071. 

Ualsteren,  h41s't4-r§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
North  Brabant,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Bergen-op-Zoom.    P.  2746. 

Halte^  hil't^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
left  hank  of  the  Ems,  10  miles  S.S.W,  of  Leer.  It  has  a 
custom-house.     Pop.  160. 

Haltern,  hil't^m,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Lippe.     Pop.  2694. 

Haltingen,  hil'ting-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
confines  of  Switzerland,  96  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Baden. 

Maltom'S)  hil'tgms,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  28  miles 
N.  of  Houston.  It  has  3  churches  and  3  saw-mills.  Pop. 
about  150. 

Halton,  h&l'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on 
a  railroad,  3  miles' N.N.E.  of  Frodsham.     Pop.  1620. 

Halton,  hil't9n,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas. 

Halton,  hil'tpn,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario. 
Area,  372  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk 
«nd  Great  Western  Railways.     Capital,  Milton.    P.  22,606. 

Haltonville^  h&l'tpn-vil,  a  village  in  Halton  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  S.E.  of  Rockwood,     Pop.  100, 

Halt'whistle^  a  town  of  England,  oo,  of  Northumber- 
land, with  a  station  on  the  Newcastle  A  Carlisle  Railway, 
34  miles  W,  of  Newcastle.  In  the  vicinity  is  Featherstone- 
iiaugh  Castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  6268. 

Halycise,  the  ancient  name  of  Salehi. 

HalyS)  the  ancient  name  of  the  Kizil-Irmak, 

Ham,  h6N»,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  near  the 
river  Somme,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  P6ronne.  Here  is  a  famous 
fortress,  used  as  a  state  prison.     Pop.  3122. 

Ham,  h&m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Hainaut, 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleroi,     Pop.  1883. 

Ham,  or  South'ham,  a  post-village  in  Wolfe  co., 
Quebec,  24  miles  E.  of  Danville.     Pop.  293. 

Hamadan,  h&-m&-d&n'  (anc.  Echat'ana),  a  city  of  Per- 
sia, in  Irak-Ajemee,  capital  of  the  province  of  Hamadan, 
■and  of  the  9  districts  forming  the  central  province  of  Per- 
sia, 166  miles  S.W.  of  Teheran.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  48° 
32'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  30,000.  It  is  interspersed  with 
gardens,  but  is  meanly  built  and  partly  in  ruins.  Near  the 
great  mosque  is  an  edifice  containing  the  tomb  of  Avicenna, 
resorted  to  by  numerous  pilgrims,  besides  several  other 
mosques,  bazaars,  baths,  caravansaries,  an  Armenian  church, 
and  a  synagogue.  Some  carpet-  and  silk-weaving  and  tan- 
ning are  here  carried  on,  and  the  city  has  a  large  trade  in 
leather,  and  is  an  entrep&t  for  the  commerce  between  Bag- 
dad and  the  modern  capitals  of  Persia. 

Hamah,  hi'mi,  orHammah,  h&m'm&  (anc.  ^tpAa- 
ni'a,  and  the  Hamath  of  Scripture),  a  walled  city  of  Syria, 
110  miles  N.E.  of  Damascus,  on  the  Orontes.  Pop,  44,000. 
The  principal  structures  are  the  governor's  palace,  mosques, 
baths,  bazaars,  and  some  curious  hydraulic  works.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  of 
gold  and  silver  thread,  in  which  it  has  an  active  trade  with 
Aleppo.  Much  attention  has  been  given  to  a  series  of 
ancient  inscriptions  on  stone  found  here  in  1870,  but  the 
inscriptions  have  not  yet  been  read. 

Hamamatsoo,  or  Hamamatsu,  hi-mi-m&t-soo',  a 
town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  on  the  coast,  about  140 
miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.     Pop.  50,000. 

Hamamet,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Hahmambt. 

Hamanlu,  b&-m&n-loo',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  near 
the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Aboolonia,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mu- 
halitch. 

Hamar,  h&-maR',  a  town  and  bishop's  see  of  Norway, 
capital  of  the  stift  of  Hamar,  59  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chris- 
Uania.     Pop.  1868. 

Hamar,  a  stift  of  Norway,  consisting  of  the  amts  of 
Hedemarken  and  Christians-Amt.  Area,  19,706  square 
miles.     Capital,  Hamar.     Pop.  236,216. 

Hambach,  h&m'b&K,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Neustadt.    Pop.  2107. 


Hambach,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Palatinate^ 
on  the  Vils,  7  miles  N.  of  Amberg. 

Hambach,  a  village  of  Oldenburg,  in  Birkenfeld,  with 
some  mineral  springs.     Pop.  217. 

Hambantotte,  him-b&n-tot't^,  a  bay  and  seaport 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Ceylon,  in  lat.  6°  8'  N.,  Ion.  81°  10'  E. 

Hambato,  South  America.     See  Ambato. 

Hambers,  h&u^baiR',  a  village  of  France,  department 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1728. 

Hambie,  or  Hambye,  hfiM^bee',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Manche,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Coutances.  Pop. 
307;  of  commune,  2610. 

Ham'blen,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  150  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Holston  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  French  Broad  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  which  communicates  with 
Morristown,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1880, 10,187 ; 
in  1890,  11,418. 

Hambletoii,  ham'b'l-t^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  oo., 
Md.,  6  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  41. 

Ilam'blin,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2011. 

Hambtin,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Utah. 

Ham'brook,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bristol. 

Hamburg,  ham'biirg  (Ger.  pron.  h&m'bSSna;  Fr. 
Hambourg,  h5M^booR' ;  L.  Hamhur'gum),  a  city  of  Ger- 
many, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  about  70  miles  from  ita 
mouth.  Lat.  53°  33'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  58'  23"  E,  It  consists 
of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  4  miles  in  circumference,  enclosed 
by  planted  walks  on  the  site  of  its  former  fortifications,  and 
intersected  by  canals  and  by  branches  of  the  Alster  River. 
Principal  edifices,  the  churches  of  the  five  parishes,  especially 
those  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Michael,  the  exchange,  town  hall, 
gallery  of  art,  general  infirmary,  orphan  asylum,  senate- 
house,  bank,  Eimbeck-house,  workhouse,  prison,  arsenal,  and 
2  theatres.  It  has  also  a  Johanneum  and  college,  a  public 
library,  numerous  other  libraries,  museums,  academies,  an 
observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  learned  societies,  <tc.  In  1842 
a  great  conflagration  destroyed  St.  Nicholas  church  and 
many  of  the  other  public  and  private  buildings,  and  left 
houseless  20,000  of  the  population.  Since  that  time  the 
town  has  been  in  part  rebuilt  according  to  a  regular  plan. 
Its  manufactories  comprise  sugar-refineries,  tar-,  tobacco-, 
and  sailcloth-factories,  ship-yards,  breweries,  distilleries,  tan- 
neries, cotton-printing  and  dyeing-works,  anchor-  and  iron- 
forges,  and  many  others  of  less  magnitude.  There  is  a  largo 
business  done  in  cigar-making  and  in  the  production  of  fac- 
titious sherry.  Hamburg  is  the  greatest  commercial  city 
of  the  European  continent,  its  trade  (which  is  almost  en- 
tirely a  transit  trade)  embracing  every  description  of  goods 
bought  or  sold  in  Germany.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  Great 
Britain  and  America.  Many  first-class  steamers  run  be- 
tween Hamburg  and  New  York,  the  West  Indies,  South 
America,  and  the  Mediterranean.  The  imports  are  colo- 
nial produce,  grain,  hides,  leather,  meat,  butter,  wool, 
cotton  yarns,  metals,  stones,  dyes,  manufactured  goods, 
bullion,  &a.  The  city  communicates  with  Lubeck  by  a 
canal,  and  with  Berlin,  Brunswick,  Hanover,  Harburg, 
Kiel,  and  Rendsburg  by  railways.  'The  navigable  channel 
of  the  Elbe  has  been  improved  so  as  to  allow  vessels  drawing 
18  feet  of  water  to  reach  the  city  at  high  tide.  Tramways 
run  along  the  leading  thoroughfares,  Hamburg  is  said  to 
have  been  founded  by  Charlemagne ;  early  in  the  thirteenth 
century  it  joined  Lubeck  in  the  formation  of  the  Hanse 
League,  Under  the  French,  from  1810  to  1814,  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  department  of  Bouohes-de-1'Elbe.  The  state  of 
Hamburg  has  an  area  of  157  square  miles,  and  is  composed 
of  the  city  and  the  district  immediately  around  it,  the  towns 
of  Bergedoxf,  Cuxhaven,  and  Ritzebuttel,  the  districts  of 
Vierlanden,  the  isle  of  Neuwerk,  some  islands  in  the  Elbe, 
and  some  detached  portions  of  territory,  enclosed  by  Prus- 
sian provinces.  The  Elbe,  also,  between  Hamburg  and  the 
sea,  is  entirely  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  state.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  is  watered  by  the  Elbe,  Alster,  and  Bille : 
the  Vierlanden  and  marsh-lands  in  the  river  are  very  pro- 
ductive, being  in  great  part  appropriated  to  fruit-  and 
market-gardens.  The  government  is  vested  in  a  senate  of 
18  members  and  a  lower  house  consisting  of  106  citizens. 
The  city  and  suburbs,  with  Cuxhaven  and  other  parts  of 
the  territory,  are  not  included  in  the  German  ZoUverein. 
The  state,  though  its  immediate  government  is  republican, 
forms  an  integral  portion  of  the  German  Empire.  The 
population  of  the  city  proper  in  1880  was  289,859 ;  in  1890, 
323,923,  or  with  the  surrounding  communes,  about  500,000. 


HAM 


1352 


HAM 


Ham 'burg,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
cotton-gin  and  mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark., 
about  124  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  &c.    P.  (1890)  655. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  in  Ham- 
burg township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  42  miles 
by  land  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.  Pop. 
about  200 ;  of  the  township,  707. 

Hamburg,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ind.,  in  Silver  Creek 
township,  1  mile  from  Sellersburg  Station. 

Hamburg,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Nishnabatona  River,  about  1  mile  from  the  Missouri  River, 
and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <t  Council  Bluffs 
Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nebraska  City,  and  39  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Red  Oak.  It  has  2  banks,  a  high  school,  5  churches, 
a  convent,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a 
pottery,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  broom-factory,  and 
terra-cotta-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  1634. 

Hamburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hamburg  township,  on  or  near  a  small  lake,  about  15  miles 
N.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  918. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  30  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a 
church,  a  femal'e  college,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Wallkill  River,  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  an  academy,  and 
a  cement-factory.  At  Hamburg  Junction,  3  miles  to  the  S., 
the  Midland  Railroad  connects  with  the  South  Vernon 
Branch  of  the  Sussex  Railroad. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ham- 
burg township,  on  the  Bufialo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  with 
a  station  also  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  S. 
of  Buffalo,  and  nearly  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie,  It  contains 
the  Hamburg  Union  School  and  Academy,  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about 
800 ;  of  the  township,  3096. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  in  Hock- 
ing township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Hamburg,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.  of  Reading,  and  18  miles  S.E.  of  Potts- 
ville.  It  has  5  churches,  a  savings-bank,  2  foundries, 
several  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  bricks, 
and  cigars.  One  or  2  weekly  German  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2010;  in  1890,  2127. 

Hamburg,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing 
Creek,  7  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  Lamar  Mills  Post- 
Offioe. 

Hamburg,  a  station  in  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  She- 
nango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Greenville. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  oo.,  S.C,  on  the 
Savannah  River,  opposite  Augusta,  Ga.,  at  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad.  It  haa  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1120. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Corinth, 
Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamburg,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex. 

Hamburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  4i 
miles  from  Edenburg  Railroad  Station,  which  is  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamburg,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1219. 
It  contains  Cbaseburg. 

Hamburg  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  oo.,  Cal. 

Ham'by,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Rail- 
road, about  8  miles  W.  of  Nortonville,  Ky. 

Hambye,  a  town  of  France.     See  Hambib. 

Ham'den,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
on  the  New  Haven  A  Northampton  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  New  Haven,  contains  villages  named  Centreville,  Mount 
Garmel,  and  Whitneyville.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  augers,  bells,  axles,  needles,  and  guns.     Pop.  3028. 

Hamden,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  143. 

Hamden,  a  post-office  of  Chariton  oo.,  Mo. 

Hamden,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hamden  township,  on  the  main  branch  of  the  Delaware 
River,  and  on  the  Delhi  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad, 


5  or  6  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  churches  and  sevenU 
mills.     Pop.  133;  of  the  township,  1648. 

Hamden  (Hamden  Junction  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Vinton  co.,  0.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  72  miles 
W.S.  W.  of  Marietta,  and  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  spoke-  and  hub-faclory,  and  2  flour-mills.  Ham- 
den has  mineral  springs.  A  large  quantity  of  pig-iron  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Ha'mel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo..  111.,  4  milei 
S.E.  of  Worden  Station,  and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Alton. 

Hamein,  h&'m^ln,  also  called  Hamelin,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Hanover,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  9520,  employed  in  navi- 
gation and  the  salmon -fishery,  and  in  the  numerous  manu- 
factories of  the  town. 

Hamein,  a  village  of  Hanover,  8  milee  N.E.  of  Hildes- 
heim.     Pop.  1050. 

Ha'mer,  a  township  of  Highland  oo.,  0.  Pop.  959.  It 
contains  Danville. 

Hamer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mi- 
ami &  Erie  Canal,  1 0  miles  N.  of  Delphos.    It  has  a  church. 

HamersviHe,  ham'^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Brown 
CO.,  0.,  in  Clark  township,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  CinoinnatL 
It  has  a  church. 

Ham'ett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  Green  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Belle  Valley  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  brewery. 

Hami,  a  city  of  Toorkistan.    See  Ehamil. 

Ham'ilton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  on  th* 
Clyde,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge  of  5  arches,  lOf  miles  by 
railway  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  well  built,  has  a  gnvmmar- 
school  and  academy,  a  poor's  hospital,  mechanics'  institution, 
trades'  hall,  6  branch  banks,  town  and  county  halls,  jail,  and 
largo  barracks.  But  its  chief  object  of  attraction  is  the  mag- 
nificent ducal  palace  of  the  house  of  Hamilton  :  this  has  • 
noble  Grecian  front,  264  feet  in  length,  and  a  superb  inte- 
rior, containing  the  largest  and  choicest  collection  of  paint- 
ings and  marbles  in  Scotland.  The  park  is  also  considered 
one  of  the  finest  in  North  Britain.  Within  it  are  the  castle 
of  Chatelherault  and  the  picturesque  ruins  of  Cadzow  Castle. 
The  latter  stands  on  a  lofty  rock,  washed  by  the  Avon,  and 
surrounded  by  the  remnants  of  the  ancient  Caledonian  oak 
forest,  in  which  feeds  a  herd  of  the  famous  aboriginal  breed 
of  wild  cattle.  Hamilton  is  the  principal  seat  of  imitation- 
oambrio  weaving.  Manufactures  of  laoe,  black  silk  veils, 
muslins,  and  thread  are  also  flourishing.  The  burgh  unitei 
with  Airdrie,  Falkirk,  Lanark,  and  Linlithgow  in  sending 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  gives  the  title 
of  duke  to  the  premier  peer  of  Scotland.    P.  (1891)  24,863. 

Ham'ilton,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  £.  and  S. 
by  the  Suwanee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Allapaha 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.    This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Georgia  Southern 

6  Florida  Railroad  and  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western 
Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Jasper,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6749;  in  1880,  6790;  in 
1890,  8507. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  Fork 
of  Saline  Creek  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
McLeansborough,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,014;  in  1880,  16,712;  in  1890,  17,800. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cicero  and  Eagle 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Midland  Railway,  the  Lake  Erie  <fc 
Western  Railroad,  and  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chi- 
cago Railroad.  Capital,  Noblesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,882 ; 
in  1880,  24,801;  in  1890,  26,123. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Boone  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Skunk  River,  which 
rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the 


HAM 


1353 


HAM 


Webster  City  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Webster 
City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6055;  in  1875,  7701;  in  1880,  11,252: 
in  1890,  15,319. 

Hamilton^  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  Colorado.  Area,  922  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  River  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  desti- 
tute of  timber.  Magnesian  limestone  crops  out  along  the 
,  ravines.  Capital,  Syracuse.  Pop.  in  1880,  168;  in  1890, 
2027. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ne- 
braska, has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  North,  Middle,  and  West  Forks  of  Big  Blue 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  Capital, 
Aurora.     Pop.  in  1870, 130 ;  in  1880,  8267 ;  in  1890, 14,096. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  1764  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Hudson,  Racket,  Black,  and  Sacondaga  Rivers,  which 
rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  is  diversified 
with  numerous  lakes  and  extensive  forests.  A  large  part 
of  the  soil  is  sterile,  or  too  rocky  and  mountainous  for 
agriculture.  It  has  abundance  of  granite  and  iron  ore. 
Capital,  Sageville.  Pop.  in  1870,  2960;  in  1875,  3482;  in 
1880,  3923;  in  1890,  4762. 

Hamilton,  the  most  S.W.  county  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  is  intersected  by  the 
Miami  and  Little  Miami  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Whitewater  and  Mill  Creek.  The  surface  is  finely  diver- 
sified by  valleys  and  hills,  or  rather  highlands  and  low- 
lands, which  are  isolated  remnants  of  a  former  table-land. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.      Indian   corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat, 

Potatoes,  butter,  pork,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products, 
his  is  the  most  populous  and  wealthy  county  of  the  state, 
and  is  traversed  by  numerous  railroads  centring  in  Cincin- 
nati, which  is  the  capital.  Lower  Silurian  limestone  (called 
blue  limestone),  an  excellent  material  for  building,  underlies 
kll  parts  of  this  county,  and  has  been  extensively  quarried 
at  Cincinnati.  Its  color  is  mostly  a  bluish  gray,  and  it  is 
crowded  with  fossils.  The  hills. or  highlands  of  this  county 
are  areas  in  which  the  stratified  rocks  remain  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  about  400  feet  above  the  Ohio  River,  and  the  valleys 
are  areas  from  which  the  rocks  have  been  removed  by  denu- 
dation. Fifteen  railroads  communicate  with  Cincinnati, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  260,370;  in  1880,  313,374;  in 
1890,  374,573. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
bordering  on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  575  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tennessee  River,  which 
also  forms  a  great  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  Cum- 
berland Mountains  occupy  the  N.W.  part.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous 
'  coal  and  iron.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Chattanooga.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,241;  in  1880,  23,642;  in  1890,  53,482. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  Is  is  intersected 
by  the  Leon  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cowhouse  and 
Lampasas  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly.  The  soil 
produces  pasture  for  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  Capital,  Hamilton.  Pop.  in  1870,  733;  in 
1880,  6365;  in  1890,  9313. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonoke  cc,  Ark.,  7  miles 
from  Carlisle  Station. 

Hamilton,  a  village  of  Butte  cc,  Cal.,  on  Feather 
River,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Sacramento.  Pop.  of  Hamil- 
ton township,  1130. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Park  cc.  Col.,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  South  Park,  about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Denver, 
and  12  miles  N.  of  Fair  Play.  Elevation,  9693  feet.  It 
has  2  hotels.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Hamilton,  a  post-Village,  capital  of  Harris  cc,  Ga., 
on  the  North  &  South  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  about  85  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  high 
school,  and  a  female  college.     Pop.  about  750. 

Hamilton,  a  station  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Beardstown,  111. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Keokuk,  and  3  or  4  miles  above 
Warsaw.  It  is  at  the  foot  of  the  lower  rapids  (which  afford 
86 


great  motiye-power),  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  t  Warsaw  Rail- 
road and  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Aa 
iron  railroad  bridge  over  the  river  connects  it  with  Keokuk. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
oflBces,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  carriages,  &o.  Pop.  1301. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.  Pop.  186.  It 
includes  part  of  the  Winnebago  Swamp. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  cc,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lafayette. 

Hamilton,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  La- 
fayette &  Muneie  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Delaware  cc,  Ind.    P.  1129. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1565.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  East  Fork  of 
White  River. 

Hamilton,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  about 
36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Ind.  Pop 
3759,  including  that  of  the  village  of  Sullivan. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  line.     Pop.  783. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     P.  183. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  730. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  is  on 
a  branch  railroad  between  Albia  and  Knoxville,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
brooms,  carriages,  <fcc.     Pop.  133. 

Hamilton,  a  post-oflBce  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Covington.  It  has  a 
tobacco-factory, 

Hamilton,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  i!k  Paducah  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.W.  of  Owensborough  Junction,  Ky. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  on  Bodcaa 
Bayou,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  steam  grist-mill. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad 
(Essex  Branch),  8  mihs  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church, 
district  schools,  an  isinglass-factory,  and  a  woollen-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  961. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  oc,  Mich.,  ir 
Heath  township,  on  Rabbit  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Allegan.  It  has 
a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  310. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  cc,  Mich.   P.  1074. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  in  Sumner  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  small  aflJuent  of  Root  River,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hamilton,  Houston  cc,  Minn.    See  Monet  Creek. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  The 
name  of  the  post-oflSce  is  Hamilton  Station. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Aberdeen. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  and  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad, 
50  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  26  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  6  churches,  public  schools,  3  banks,  3  newspaper 
ofiices,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1641. 

Hamilton,  a  post- village  of  Gallatin  cc,  Montana,  on 
Gallatin  River,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Virginia  City,  and 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Bozeman.  It  has  a  church  and  a  female 
seminary. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Harvard. 

Hamilton,  a  mining  town,  capital  of  White  Pine  co., 
Nevada,  is  about  100  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Elko,  and  90 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Austin.  It  is  situated  at  the  base  of 
Treasure  Hill,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  sterile  region,  in 
which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  Here  are  rich  silver- 
mines,  which  were  discovered  in  1865,  since  which  the 
population  has  rapidly  increased.  A  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  of  precinct,  3913. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Atlantic  cc,  N.J.  Pop. 
1271.     It  contains  May's  Landing  and  other  villages. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Mercer  cc,  N.J.,  bounded 
W.  by  the  river  Delaware.  Pop.  5417.  It  is  to  some  ex- 
tent contiguous  to  Trenton,  the  state  capital. 

Hamilton,  formerly  Shark  River,  a  post-village  of 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ocean  township,  2i  miles  S.E.  of 
Shark  River  Station,  which  is  11  miles  S.W.  of  Long  Brandh. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  aaw-railL 


HAM 


1354 


HAM 


Hamilton)  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Bound 
Brook  Junction. 

Hamilton,  the  station  name  of  South  Lima,  N.Y. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co,,  N.Y.,  in 
Hamilton  township,  on  the  Ontario  <fc  Western  Railroad, 
29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica,  and  37  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  the  Colgate  Academy.  Here  is  the  Colgate  University 
(Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1832,  and  has  20  pro- 
fessors, about  160  students,  and  a  library  of  10,000  volumes. 
This  place  contains  also  the  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary 
(Baptist).  Pop.  in  1880, 1638;  in  1890,  1744;  of  the  town- 
ship, in  1880,  3912;  in  1890,  3923. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  and  on  the  Roanoke  River,  about  90  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  for 
large  vessels.     Pop.  781 ;  of  the  township,  2247. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Grafton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
2  academies,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  257. 

Hamilton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River  and  the  Miami  Canal,  20  miles  (direct)  N.  of 
Cincinnati.  By  railroad  it  is  25  miles  from  Cincinnati,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Dayton,  and  45  miles  S.S.H.  of  Richmond, 
Ind.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  the  branches  of  which  meet 
here.  It  contains  a  court-house,  15  churches,  a  public 
library,  3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  4  paper-mills, 
several  iron-foundries,  4  breweries,  a  woollen-factory,  5 
flouring-mills,  2  -safe-works,  and  several  manufactories  of 
farming-implements.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
(1  of  which  is  German)  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 
17,565. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1507. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  tne  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1108.     It  contains  Hanging  Rock. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  bounded  N. 
and  W.  by  the  Little  Miami  River.  Pop.  2466.  It  includes 
Maineville  and  Murdock. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1118. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1630. 

Hamilton,  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     See  Pebrysvillb. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.    Pop.  120. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1892. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.  It  contains 
the  coal-mining  villages  of  Morris  Run  and  Blossburg. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Kingston  township,  1^  miles  from  Wickford  Junc- 
tiim.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  Kentucky  jeans.     Pop.  207. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tex.,  65  miles  W.  of  AVaco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  726. 

Hamilton,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Sabine 
River,  about  65  miles  S.  of  Shreveport,  La. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.  It  has  4  churches,  a  coach -factory,  a  saw-mill,  3 
stores,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  407. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Skagit  co  ,  Washington, 
36  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Shannon's  Point.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  coal-mines,  fire-clay,  &c.     Pop.  203. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Ozaukee  co..  Wis.,  near  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Milwaukee  River,  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Milwaukee. 

Hamilton,  a  city  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Wentworth,  is  situated  on  Burlington  Bay,  at  the  western 
extremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  372  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal, 
186  miles  E.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo. 
It  was  laid  out  and  settled  in  1813  on  a  plateau  of  slightly 
elevated  ground,  winding  around  the  foot  of  a  hilly  range, 
which  here  receives  the  name  of  "the  Mountain."  The 
•treets  are  wide,  and  for  the  most  part  cross  one  another  at 
right  angles.  King  street,  the  principal  thoroughfare,  runs 
£.  and  W.  throughout  the  entire  breadth  of  the  town. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  street  is  a  large  open  space,  and  a 
little  north  is  Market  Square,  on  which  stands  a  spacious 
building,  occupied  in  the  lower  part  as  a  market,  while  its 
upper  stories  are  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  city  govern- 
ment. Court-House  Square,  an  area  containing  the  county 
buildings,  lies  between  King  street  and  the  Mountain. 

The  city  contains  23  churches,  principally  of  the  Episco- 
pal, Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Wesleyan  Methodist,  and  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  denominations,  and  has  also  the  head  office 
of  the  Bank  of  Hamilton,  6  branch  banks,  a  mechanics' 
inrtitute,  a  reading-room,  a  Wesleyan  female  college,  sev- 


eral academies  and  schools,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery  of  every 
description,  agricultural  implements,  sewing-machines, 
musical  instruments,  glass-ware,  wooden-ware,  woollen  and 
cotton  goods,  soap  and  candles,  boots  and  shoes,  leather, 
brooms,  brushes,  Ac.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  The  city  is  the  seat  of  the  Great 
Western  Railway  Company,  chartered  in  1834,  and  of  the 
Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway  Company.  The  latter 
connects  Hamilton  with  Lake  Huron,  and  the  former  with 
all  parts  of  the  Dominion  and  United  States.  The  head 
offices  of  the  Hamilton  &  Lake  Erie  Railway  are  also  here. 
It  is  also  the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Western 
Toronto,  and  of  the  Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  Hamilton. 
It  possesses  superior  commercial  advantages,  being  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  lake  and  in  the  centre  of  a 
populous  region.  The  Desjardins  Canal  connects  it  with 
Dundas. 

Hamilton  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
and  two  to  the  provincial  legislature.  It  is  a  port  of 
entry.  Pop.  in  1836,  2846;  in  1850,  10,248;  in  1871, 
26,716;  in  1881,  35,961 ;  in  1891,  48,980. 

Hamilton,  an  island  in  the  Ottawa  River,  off  the 
township  of  Lochaber,  co.  of  Ottawa,  Quebec. 

Hamilton,  the  chief  town  and  the  seat  of  government 
of  the  Bermuda  Isles,  is  situated  near  the  middle  of  the 
group,  on  the  coast  of  the  largest  island.  Its  harbor  is 
landlocked,  and  will  admit  vessels  drawing  16  feet  of 
water;  it  is  entered  through  a  long  and  intricate  passage, 
the  navigation  of  which  requires  a  skilful  pilot.  Tne  town 
has  5  churches.  Three  weeklv  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  (1892)  1296. 

Ham^iltonban',  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1418.     It  contains  Fairfield. 

Hamilton  Centre,  a  small  village  in  the  township 
of  Hamilton,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church  and  12 
or  15  dwellings. 
Hamilton  College.     See  Clinton,  N.Y. 
Hamilton  Harbor,  a  port  on  the  coast  of  Alaska. 
Lat.  56°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  133°  34'  W.     Here  good  coal  exists. 
Hamilton  Pass,  Colorado,  a  mountain-pass  in  the 
main  range,  at  an  elevation  of  12,370  feet.     Lat.  39°  24' 
35"  N.  ;  Ion.  105°  58'  W. 
Hamilton  River,  Labrador.    See  Ashwanipi. 
Hamilton's,  township,  Catawba  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  16ff>. 
Hamilton's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  oc., 
Wis.,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  on 
Willow  Creek. 

Hamilton  Square,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,N.J., 
5  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and  2  miles  N.W.  of  the  Camden  A 
Amboy  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches,  the  Mercer  Rubber 
Works,  2  carriage-shops,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 
Hamilton  Station,  Scott  co.,  Minn.   See  Hamilton. 
Hamiltonville,  New  York.    See  Guilderland. 
Hamina,  a  town  of  Finland.     See  Frederikshamn. 
Hamirpiir,  British  India.     See  Humeerpoor. 
Ham'ler,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Balti- 
more <t  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  45  miles  W.  of 
Tiffin.     It  has  3  churches,  public  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  staves  and  lumber.     Pop.  556. 

Ham 'let,  a  |>ost-hamlet  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  51  miles  N.W.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Hamlet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  111.,  9  miles  N. 

of  Aledo,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Hamlet,  a  jpost-hamlet  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 

Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  69  miles  E.S.B. 

of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  47. 

Hamlet,  formerly  O'mar,  a  post-village  of  Chautau- 
qua CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Villanova  township,  about  40  miles  S.S.W- 
of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  165. 

Hamlet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rockingham,  and 
at  the  junction  of  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Air-Line  Rail- 
road, 97  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Hamlet,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to 
the  much  larger  village  of  Woonsocket.  It  has  2  cotton- 
mills.     Pop.  335. 

Ham'lin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
is  traversed  by  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  contains  several 
lakes.  This  county  is  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  Capital, 
Castlewood.     Pop.'in  1880,  693;  in  1890,  4625. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Audubon  co., 

Iowa,  about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  806. 

Hamlin,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ham- 


HAM 


1355 


MaM 


lin  township,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has 
2  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  <fec.     Pop.  216. 

Hamlin^  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  3  miles 
from  Grand  Falls,  New  Brunswick.  Pop.  of  Hamlin  plan- 
tation, 558. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  Eaton  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1650. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  bounded  W. 
by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  141. 

Hamlin,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.    See  Raisinvillb. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario.  Pop.  2322.  It  contains  hamlets 
named  Hamlin  and  East  Hamlin. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Hamlin 
township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
16  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  Bethel 
township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Myerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  MoKean  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  121. 
Hamlin  Station  is  on  the  McKean  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  7 
miles  from  Smethport. 

Hamlin,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  oo,.  Wis.,  on 
Buffalo  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Ham'linton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Balem  township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  tannery. 

Hamm,  himm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arnsberg, 
on  the  Lippe,  here  joined  by  the  Ahse.  Pop.  18,887.  It 
has  a  gymnasium,  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  leather, 
bleaching-works,  and  an  active  trade. 

Hamm,  a  village  of  Germany,  territory  and  2  miles  E. 
of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3743. 

Hammah,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Hamah. 

Hammah  de  Cabes.    See  El  Hamhah  de  Cabes. 

Hammam,  him-mim'  (a  "bath"),  the  name  of  nu- 
merous places  in  Africa  and  Asia. 

Hammam-Aida,  hS,m-m&m'-i'd&,  a  village  of  Ana- 
tolia, 4  miles  W.  of  Yerma. 

Hammamat,  h3,m-m&-m&t',  a  station  of  Egypt,  on 
the  route  between  Kosseir  and  Keneh,  with  well-buildings. 

Hammam  -  el  -  Berdaah,  him-mim'-fil-bfirMi' 
("  packsaddle-bath ;"  anc.  Aquae  Tibilitanse  ?),  a  village  of 
Algeria,  province  and  45  mile?  E.N.E.  of  Constantino,  on 
the  route  from  Bona. 

Hammam-el-Faraonn,  h&m-m&m'-dI-f&-r&-oon' 
("  Pharaoh's  baths"),  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Suez,  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Suez. 

Hammamet,  him^m&-mSt',  or  Hamamet,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Africa,  dominion  and  42  miles  S.E.  of  Tunis, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Hammamet,  a  bay  of  the  Great  Syrtis.  It 
has  a  trade  with  the  city  of  Tunis. 

Hammani-Lef,  him-mim'-lSf  (anc  Aquse  Calidae),  a 
town  and  baths  of  the  dominion  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Tunis. 

Hammam>Meskutia,  h8,m-m8,m'-mfis-koo'te-&,  or 
Bleskhoutin,  md8^kooHS,N»'  ("  the  enchanted  baths"),  in 
Algeria,  province  and  38  miles  E.  of  Constantino,  near  the 
Sebus  River,  the  hot  mineral  springs  here  having  formed 
some  curious  petrifactions.  Here  are  baths  and  a  military 
hospital.     Traces  of  Roman  edifices  are  discoverable. 

Ham'mansburg,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in 
Henry  township,  3  miles  N.  of  New  Baltimore  Station, 
which  is  26  miles  AY.  by  N.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hamme,  h&m'm^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  an  affluent  of  the  Scheldt,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent. 
It  is  the  seat  of  navigation,  rope-making,  and  trading  in 
hemp.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,778. 

Hammelburg,  h&m'm^l-bddRG^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Saale,  23  miles  N.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2762. 

Hammer,  h&m'm^r,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland, 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aalborg. 

Hammer,  him'mer,  a  village  of  Norway,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergen,  with  2780  inhabitants. 

Hammer,  h&m'm^r,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ratibor.-    Pop.  850. 

Hammerfest,  him'm^r-f^st*,  the  northernmost  town 
of  Europe,  in  Norway,  capital  of  the  province  of  Finmark, 
on  the  Qual-oe  ("whale  island"),  of  which  it  is  the  chief 
port,  60  miles  S.W.  of  the  North  Cape.  Lat.  70°  40'  7"  N. ; 
Ion.  23°  35'  43"  E.  The  houses  are  of  wood  and  painted 
externally ;  communication  between  its  quarters  is  kept  up 
by  boats ;  its  harbor  is  defended  by  a  fort.  In  summer  the 
heat  is  sometimes  oppressive,  and  throughout  the  winter 
the  temperature  is  mild  enough  for  the  fishery  to  be  carried 


on.  The  exports  comprise  stockfish,  whale,  seal,  and  fish 
oil,  skins,  walrus  hides  and  teeth,  copper,  and  feathers. 
Its  trade  is  mostly  with  Russia  and  Great  Britain.    P.  1547. 

Hammeroe,  him'm^r-o^^h,  a  peninsula  of  Norway, 
amt  of  Nordland,  on  the  West-Fiord.     Lat.  68°  10'  N. 

Ham'mersley's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo., 
Pa.,  on  Kettle  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw -mill. 

Ham'mersmith,  a  town  of  England,  and  a  suburb  of 
London,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge,  4  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  It  has  many 
handsome  houses,  a  church  built  in  1631,  a  school  endowed 
by  Bishop  Latimer,  and  a  royal  cathedral  chapel,  with 
ladies'  school.     Pop.  of  parish,  42,691. 

Hammerstein,  him'm§r-stine\  a  town  of  West  Prus- 
sia, 18  miles  W.  of  Schloehau.     Pop.  2790. 

Ham'mertown,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Pine  Plains  township. 

Ham'mon,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  A  Susquehanna  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.    Here  is  Summit  Station  Post-Office. 

Ham^monas'set  River,  Connecticut,  runs  south- 
ward, forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Middlesex  and 
New  Haven  cos.,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound. 

Ham'mond,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  at  the 
crossing  ol'  two  railroads,  20  miles  E.  of  Decatur,  and  8  miles 
S.  of  Bement.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
lumber-mills. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  12  churches,  2  banks,  2  acade- 
mies, 6  newspaper  offices,  and  an  axe-  and  tool-factory. 
Pop.  5428. 

Hammond,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.     P.  2629. 

Hammond,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bourbon  eo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  <fc  Gulf  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  of  Tangipahoa  parish.  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  62 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Hammond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Gaines  township,  on  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Hammond,  or  Hammond  Corners,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hammond  township,  on 
the  Black  River  &  Morristown  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of 
Morristown,  and  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  carriage-shops,  and  4  stores.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and 
includes  a  part  of  the  Thousand  Islands.  Here  are  quarries 
of  Potsdam  sandstone.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1815. 

Hammond,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  A  Antrim  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Wellsborough. 

Hammond,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  of 
Hammond  township,  2560. 

Hammond,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  of  Bremond. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  in 
Hammond  township,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  17 
miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs, 
and  other  farming-implements.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1220. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  6^ 
miles  E.  of  Newry.     Pop.  100. 

Hammond  Corners,  New  York.    See  Hahuomd. 

Hammond  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Solomon 
group,  are  in  lat.  8°  40'  S.,  Ion.  157°  20'  E. 

Ham'mond's,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  2^  miles  S.  of  Elgin. 

Ham'mondsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Otter  township,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Indianola.     P.  59. 

Hammond's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Chemung  co., 
N.Y.,  7  miles  E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon- 
shop.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  North  Chemung.  See 
also  Crown  Point  and  Haumond. 

Ham'mondsford,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn. 

Ham'mondsport,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Keuka  or 
Crooked  Lake,  in  Urbana  township,  on  the  Bath  A  Ham- 
mondsport  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Bath,  and  about  32 
miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
several  large  vineyards,  and  a  union  school.  Steamboats 
ply  daily  between  this  place  and  Penn  Yan.  The  Catawba 
grape  ripens  well  on  the  adjacent  hills,  and  here  are  mana« 
factures  of  wines  and  brandies.    Pop.  1890,  934. 


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Harn'mondsvilie,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Crown  Point  township,  12  miles  from  Lake  Champlain,  on 
»  branch  railroad  connecting  with  the  New  York  &  Canada 
Railroad  at  Crown  Point.  Iron  is  mined  here.  It  has  about 
60  houses. 

Hammondsville)  a  post-village  in  Saline  township, 
Jeflferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  95 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Cleveland,  and  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Steu- 
bonvUle.  It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  manufactory 
of  coke,  and  is  surrounded  by  hills  filled  with  coal,  lime- 
stone, and  iron.     Pop.  504. 

Ham'mond  Vale,  or  Upham  (ap'g.m)  Vale,  a  post- 
village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Sussex. 
Pop.  200. 

Mammons  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Mam'monton,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
31  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Atlantic  City.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  and  hosiery.  Much 
fruit  is  cultivated  here.  Poultry-raising  is  also  extensively 
carried  on.     Pop.  in  1880,  1776;  in  1890,  3833. 

Ham'monville,  a  post-village  of  Hart  oo.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Uptonville.  It  haa  2  churches  and  a  semi- 
nary.    Pop.  about  300. 

Hamoon,  hi^moon'  (anc.  A'ria  Pa'lua),  a  large  moraes 
or  lake,  chiefly  in  Persia,  but  situated  on  the  borders  of 
Beloochisian  and  Afghanistan,  between  lat.  30°  50'  and  31® 
64'  N.  and  Ion.  61°  8'  and  62°  10'  E.  Length,  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.,  about  70  miles ;  breadth,  from  15  to  20  miles.  It 
receives  the  Helmund,  Furrah-Rood,  and  other  rivers ;  and 
while  the  Caspian,  Aral,  and  other  inland  seas  of  Asia  are 
decreasing  in  extent,  this  lake  is  said  to  be  on  the  increase. 
Its  E.  part  is  shallow  and  covered  with  reeds.  Here  is  an 
island  on  which  is  the  Fort  Rustum,  or  Koh-i-Kwajeh.  The 
water  is  salt,  and  the  banks  are  fringed  by  forests  of  tama- 
risks.    Lake  Zurrah,  to  the  S.E.,  is  now  nearly  dry. 

Ham'orton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  in  Ken- 
nett  township,  1  mile  from  Fairville  Station,  and  about  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hamp  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  6a. 

Hamp'den,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Maasachu- 
tetts,  bordering  on  Connecticut,  has  an  area  of  about  634 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River, 
wnich  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  Chicopee,  Westfield,  and  Scantic  Rivers,  which  afford 
extensive  motive-power.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  oak,  beech, 
sugar-maple,  &o.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter, 
tobacco,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  new  red  sand- 
stone. The  prosperity  of  the  county  is  partly  derived  from 
important  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  writing-paper, 
woollen  goods,  &c.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  <fc  Albany, 
Connecticut  River,  New  Haven  &  Northampton,  and  New 
London  Northern  Railroads.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop. 
in  1870,  78,409;  in  1876,  94,304;  in  1880, 104,142  :  in  1890, 
135,713. 

Hampden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  about 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  an  academy,  1  or  2  churches, 
and  a  tannery. 

Hampden,  a  township  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  bounded 
S.W.  by  the  river  Neosho.     Pop.  598. 

Hampden,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Hampden  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 

5  or  6  miles  below  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
1  or  2  paper-mills,  and  a  barrel-factory.  The  township 
contains  another  village,  named  Hampden  Corner,  and  has 

6  churches  and  3  steam  lumber-mills.     Total  pop.  2484. 

Hampden,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.     See  Woodbebry. 

Hampden,  formerly  South  Wil'braham,  a  post- 
village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  township  of  the  same 
name,  10  or  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches 
and  3  woollen-factories. 

Hampden,  or  Hampton,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  oo., 
N.J.,  in  Lebanon  township,  1  mile  from  Junction  Station, 
which  is  16  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Hampden,  a  post-office  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Hampden 
township,  3  miles  from  Chardon,  and  about  32  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  The  township  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  767. 

Hampden,  township,  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1199. 

Hampden,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Columbus  SUtion,  and  about  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Madison.     Pop.  1012, 

Hampden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

Hampden  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co., 
Mn  ,  in  Hampden  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penob- 


scot River,  3  miles  from  Hermon  Railroad  Station,  snd 
about  6  miles  below  Bangor.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  400. 

Hampden  Sidney  College,  a  post-hamletof  Prince 
^dward  co.,  Va.,  7  miles  from  Farmville,  and  about  7ft 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church.  Here  if 
Hampden  Sidney  College  (Presbyterian),  which  wasorgaD- 
ized  in  1775  and  has  a  library  of  7000  volumes.  It  is  also 
the  seat  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  (Presbyterian). 

Hampshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Hants. 

Hampshire,  bamp'shir,  a  county  in  the  W.  central 
part  of  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  572  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  the  Westfield,  Chicopee,  and  Swift  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  finely  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  moun- 
tains, among  which  is  Mount  Holyoke.  This  county  is 
copiously  supplied  with  timber  and  water-power.  The  soil 
is  generally  fertile.  Tobacco,  butter,  hay,  Indian  oorn,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Hampshire  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  paper,  <tc.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  the  New  Haven  &  North- 
ampton Railroad,  and  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Northampton.  Granite,  syenite,  and  gneiss 
are  found  in  it.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,388 ;  in  1880,  47,2.32  ;  in 
1890,  51,859. 

Hampshire,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Cacapon  River  and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  valleys  produce  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  <fco.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here.  The  Baltimore  A,  Ohio  Railroad  passes 
along  the  nurihern  border  of  this  county,  a  branch  extend- 
ing into  the  interior  as  far  S.  as  Romney,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7643;  in  1880, 10,366;  in  1890,  11,419. 

Hampshire,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  Dl.,  50  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lock-factory,  and  a 
brick-  and  tile-factory.     Pop.  696. 

Hampshire,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  96.^. 

Hampshire,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y. 

Hampshire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  semi- 
nary. 

Hampshire  Avon,  a  river  of  England.    See  Avo.n. 

Hampshire  Mines,  a  station  in  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Piedmont. 
Here  is  a  bed  of  excellent  semi-bituminous  coal,  from  14  to 
16  feet  thick,  situated  1000  feet  above  the  railroad. 

Hamp'stead,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  contains  many  elegant  and 
fashionable  mansions,  and  its  vicinity  is  much  resorted  to 
on  holidays  from  the  metropolis.  East  of  the  town  is  a 
mineral  spring,  formerly  in  high  repute. 

Hamp'stead,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  an  academy,  a  cigar- factory,  <tc.     Pop.  521. 

Hampstead,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  Hampstead  townsnip,  8  or  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Haverhill 
City,  Mass.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  935.  Hampstead  Station  is  on  the  Nashua  A 
Rochester  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Nashua. 

Hampstead,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  oo.,  Ya.^ 
near  the  Potomac  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Brooke's  Station. 

Hamp'stead,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  36  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It 
has  3  stores,  a  fulling-mill,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  a 
stone-quarry.     Pop.  250. 

Hamp'ton,  a  parish  and  township  of  England,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lon- 
don, and  2i  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  Here  are  many  noble 
mansions,  the  chief  of  which  is  Hampton  Court,  a  royal 
palace,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Thames,  about  1  mile  from 
the  village.  It  was  founded  by  Cardinal  Wolsey,  and  two 
of  the  magnificent  quadrangles  in  the  Tudor  style,  though 
greatly  altered,  still  remain.  It  contains  state-rooms,  in 
which  are  rich  furniture  and  tapestry,  with  a  superb  col- 
lection of  paintings,  chiefly  historical  portraits  by  Holbein, 
Vandyke,  Lely,  Kneller,  and  West,  and  with  the  seven 
cartoons  of  RafiTaelle.  The  garden  has  some  good  sculp- 
ture, fountains,  vases,  <l:c.,  and  there  is  a  park  5  miles  in 
circumference.     Pop.  3915  ;  of  the  parish,  6122. 

Hamp'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Barnwell  co.,  E.  by  Colleton  co.,  S. 
by  Beaufort  co.  (from  which  the  Savannah  &  Charleston 
Railroad  separateis  it),  and  W.  by  Georgia.     The  surfaoft 


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is  levdl,  and  is  partly  covered  with  fotests  of  cypress,  yellow 
pine,  Ac.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the 
staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Rail- 
road.  Capital,  Hampton  Court-House.   Pop.  (1890)  20,544. 

Hampton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  oo..  Ark., 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Camden.   It  has  2  churches.   P.  138. 

Hampton,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  on 
which  is  Hampton  Station,  11  miles  N.B.  of  Willimantic. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  891. 

Hampton,  formerly  Bear  Creek,  a  post-village  of 
Henry  co.,  Qa.,  on  the  Atlanta  division  of  the  Georgia 
Central  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-shop,  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  422. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co.,  III.,  in 
Hampton  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles 
above  Davenport,  and  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  10 
miles  from  Rock  Island  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  &c.  This  town- 
ship has  10  mines  of  coal,  which  is  its  chief  article  of  ex- 
port.    Pop.  in  1890,  2164;  of  the  village,  341. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Will  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Hampton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa, 
29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Mason  City,  and  32  miles  N.  of  Eldora. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  3  banks,  7  churches,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  aluminum-works,  tobacco-  and  cigar- 
factories,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2067. 

Hampton,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

Hampton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  road  between  Smithland  and  Carrsville. 

Hampton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  about 
25  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings. 

Hampton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  in  Pettis 
township,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  430. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hampton  township,  and  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portsmouth.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  good  hotel.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1330.  Hampto!?  Beach,  in  this  township,  is  a  summer  re- 
sort, with  numerous  large  hotels. 

Hampton,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.     See  Hampden. 

Hampton,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  866. 

Hampton,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.     See  Westmoreland. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Middletown. 

Hampton,  or  Hampton  Corners,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hampton  township,  about  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Whitehall,  and  1  mile  from  Poultney  Station,  Vt. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  woolen-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  877. 

Hampton,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Reading 
township,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  &c.     Pop.  about  250. 

Hampton,  S.C.    See  Hampton  Court-House. 

Hampton,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Monroe,  N.C, 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Hampton,  the  capital  of  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.,  is  on 
the  N.  side  of  Hampton  Roads,  at  the  mouth  of  the  James 
River,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norfolk,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Monroe.  It  contains  7  churches,  the  Hampton  Normal  In- 
stitute (colored),  which  was  organized  in  1868,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  free  school.  Here  is  a  fashionable 
place  of  resort,  with  good  bathing-ground  on  the  beach  at 
Old  Point  Comfort.  Hampton  has  manufactures  of  ploughs, 
building-material,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2684;  in  1890,  2513. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W,  Va.,  on 
the  Kanawha  River,  2  miles  from  Coalburg  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    Coal  is  mined  here. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  Green  River  City. 

Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  N.  of  Bowmanville.  It  contains  3  stores,  several 
mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  400. 

Hampton,  the  chief  town  of  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick, 
i«  situated  on  the  Kennebaccasis  River,  and  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  22  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John.  It  contains 
the  county  buildings,  and  several  mills,  stores,  and  hotels. 
Pop.  200. 


Hampton  Coal-Fleldsi  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  ia 
the  terminus  of  the  Edgewood  Railroad,  which  extends  1 
mile  to  Edgewood  Junction. 

Hampton  Court-Honse,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Hampton  co.,  S.C,  67  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  318. 

Hampton  Falls,  a  post-town  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.U.  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  and  on  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.  of  Newburyport,  Mass.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
stocking-factory,  and  a  shoe-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Hampton  Roads,  Virginia,  a  channel  between  Ches- 
apeake Bay  and  the  estuary  of  James  River,  separating 
Fort  Monroe  from  Sewall's  Point,  was  the  scene  of  a  naval 
action  between  the  Confederate  iron-clad  "  Merrimac"  and 
the  "  Monitor,"  March  9,  1862.  About  a  mile  S.  of  Fort 
Monroe  is  a  small  fortified  island,  called  the  Rip  Raps. 

Hampton's,  a  station  of  the  Utah  Northern  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Mendon,  Utah. 

Hampton's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson 
CO.,  Va.,  30  miles  S.  of  Wytheville.     It  has  a  church. 

Hampton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  Co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Great 
Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville. 

Hampton  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Ark. 

Hamp'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Pattonsburg. 

Hamptonville,  a  post-village  of  Yadkin  oo.,  N.C,  26 
miles  N.  of  Statesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hampton  Wick,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, on  the  Thames,  i  mile  N.  of  Kingston-upon-Thames. 

Ham'rick's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail;:ead,  29  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  -] 

Ham's  Fork,  a  small  river  of  Uintat  co.,  Wyoming, 
runs  southeastward,  and  unites  with  the  Black  Fork  of 
Green  River  about  2  miles  S.  of  Granger  Station,  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Ham's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-office,  Callaway  co.,  Mo. 

Ham'tranck,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
3751.     It  contains  Norris. 

Hamva,  him'vSh^  or  Hanowa,  ha,^no'v5hS  a  vil- 
lage of  Hungary,  co.  of  Gombr,  on  the  Sajo.     Pop.  900. 

Ham,  West,  England.    See  West  Ham. 

Ham -with- Watch,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Sur- 
rey, on  the  Thames,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London. 
Here  is  Ham  House,  erected  in  1610  for  Henry,  Prince  at 
Wales,  and  many  other  elegant  seats. 

Han,  hJLn,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  circle  of  Spalatro,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Cettina,  N.E.  of  Sign. 

Hanan,  hi'nSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassaa, 
on  the  Kinzig,  near  its  junction  with  the  Main,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  86  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  22,409.  It 
consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the  latter  well  built,  and 
having  a  good  market-place,  a  castle,  the  seat  of  the  Wet- 
teravian  Society  of  Natural  History,  a  large  hospital,  hand- 
some theatre,  council-house,  college,  academy  of  arts,  Ac, 
manufactures  of  silk  stuffs,  ribbons,  cotton  fabrics,  camlets, 
carpets,  leather,  gloves,  hosiery,  gold  and  silver  articles, 
porcelain,  carriages,  Ac,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  timber, 
barrels,  and  wine.  Near  it  are  mineral  springs.  At  Hanau 
the  French,  in  their  retreat  from  Leipsic,  totally  defeated 
the  Bavarians,  October  30,  1813. 

Hftnau,  hi'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
about  18  miles  from  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur. 

Hanazo,  a  river  of  Abyssinia.    See  Anazo. 

Hanceville,  hanss'vll,  a  post-village  of  Blount  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  44  miles  S. 
of  Decatur.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hau'cock,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  474  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Oconee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  in 
some  parts  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county 
are  granite,  agate,  opal,  kaolin,  and  zircon.  It  is  inter* 
sected  by  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Sparta,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,317;  in 
1880,  16,989;  in  1890,  17,149. 

Hancock,  a  western  county  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Iowa  and  Missouri.  Area,  about  769  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  La  Moin  or  Crooked  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  Staple  products.    Among 


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the  forest  trees  are  white  oak,  hickory,  elm,  ash,  linden,  and 
honey-locust.  Subcarboniferous  limestone  covered  with  a 
thick  deposit  of  drift  underlies  this  county.  It  is  a  good 
material  for  building,  and  is  quarried  for  that  purpose. 
Coal  is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
roads,—the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw,  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
■  ton  &  Quincy,  and  the  "Wabash,  the  latter  two  communi- 
cating with  Carthage,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,935  j 
in  1880,  35,337;  in  1890,  31,907. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  307  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Sugar  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Big  Blue  River  and 
Swamp  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  more  than 
one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Lines,  the  latter 
passing  through  Greenfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,123;  in  1880,  17,123;  in  1890,  17,829. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Boone  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul,  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <k  Northern,  and  Min- 
neapolis &  St.  Louis  Railroads.  Capital,  Concord.  Pop. 
in  1870,  999;  in  1880,  3453;  in  1890,  7621. 

Hancock,  a  oounty  of  Kentucky,  bordering  on  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
undulating  uplands  and  wide  river-bottoms,  which  are  level 
and  very  fertile.  Tobacco  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  St.  Louis  & 
Texas  Railway.  Capital,  Hawesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  6591; 
in  1880,  8563;  in  1890,  9214. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maine,  has  an 
area  of  about  1312  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Union  and 
Penobscot  Rivers,  the  latter  of  which  forms  a  part  of  the 
W,  boundary.  This  county  comprises  numerous  islands, 
the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  Mount  Desert  Island.  The 
sea-coast  is  indented  with  many  bays  or  inlets,  which  afford 
good  harbors.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  many  small 
lakes  and  extensive  forests.  Lumber,  butter,  grass,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Ellsworth.  Pop.  in  1870, 
36,495;  in  1880,  38,129;  in  1890,  37,312. 

Hancock,  the  most  southern  county  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  estimated  at  549  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  Mississippi  Sound,  a  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, and  on  the  W.  by  Pearl  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  and  New  Orleans  <fc  Mobile  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Bay  St.  Louis.  Pop.  in  1870,  4239 ;  in 
1880,  6439;  in  1890,  8318. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  522  square  m^les.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Blanchard  Fork  of  the  Auglaize  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  beech,  elm,  white  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  calcareous  loam. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  large 
part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton,  Findlay,  Fort  Wayne  &  Western,  Lake  Erie  A 
Western,  and  Toledo,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroads, 
all  of  which  communicate  with  Findlay,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,847;  in  1880,  27,784  ;  in  1890,  42,563. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  260  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Clinch  River.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Sneedville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7U8;  in  1880,  9098;  in  1890,  10,342. 

Hancock,  the  most  northern  county  of  West  Virginia, 
haa  an  area  of  about  92  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from 
the  state  of  Ohio.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wool, 
wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
is  found  in  it.  It  is  traversed  in  its  southern  portion  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  runs  N.  to 
New  Cumberland,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870 
4363:  in  1880,  4882;  in  1890,  6414.  ' 


Hancock,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  111.     Pop.  1011. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Blu« 
River  township,  23  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hancock,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  is  on 
Frenchman's  Bay,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  34  miles 
S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1190. 

Hancock,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
(its  station  being  on  the  West  Virginia  side  of  the  river, 
reached  by  an  iron  bridge),  122  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore, 
and  56  miles  E.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cement-factory.     Pop.  815. 

Hancock,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hancock  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Pittsfield.  The  township  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and 
3  woollen-factories.  It  is  bounded  W,  by  the  New  York 
line,  and  contains  a  Shaker  village.  Here  the  Taconio 
Mountains  afford  fine  views  of  the  Berkshire  and  Hudson 
valleys.     Pop.  of  the  township,  506. 

Hancock,  a  post- village  in  Hancock  township,  Hough- 
ton CO.,  Mich.,  about  1  mile  N.  of  Houghton,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  a  navigable  water  called  Portage  Lake, 
crossed  by  a  bridge.  It  is  connected  with  Lake  Superior 
by  a  ship-canal,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Mineral  Range 
Railroad.     Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  rich  mines  of 

Eure  native  copper.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
ank,  7  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  ofBces,  several 
smelting-furnaces  and  stamping-mills,  2  foundries,  and  a 
steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  in  1890, 1772  ;  of  the  township,  2735. 

Hancock,  a  township  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.    Pup.  550. 

Hancock,  a  post-village  of  Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  150  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  a  church. 

Hancock,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.    See  Iron  Sdhuit. 

Hancock,  a  post- village  of  Hillsborough  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Hancock  township,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Manchester.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  high  school.    Pop.  of  the  township,  637. 

Hancock,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
hilly,  picturesque  country,  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
junction  of  its  branches,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  164 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and  60  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Binghamtou.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank, 
2  flour-mills,  2  acid-mills,  pluning-mills,  and  a  newspaper 
office.  Pop.  in  1890,  1279.  There  is  also  a  Hancock  Station 
in  this  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
Walton  Junction. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  5  miles  from  Junction  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hancock  township,  Addi- 
son CO.,  Vt.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  283. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Hancock  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
Southern  division,  44  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  660. 

Hancock's  Bridge,  a  post- village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J., 
on  Alloways  Creek,  4^  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church, 
a  carriage-shop,  a  grain-elevator,  and  3  stores. 

Hancock  Station,  West  Virginia.  See  Hancock,  Md. 

Hand,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  South  Dakota. 
Area,  about  1435  square  miles.  Capital,  Miller.  Pop.  in 
1880,  153;  in  1890,  6546. 

Han'da,  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  sep- 
arated from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  sound. 

Handah,  hin'di,  or  Handak,  b&uM&k',  a  town  of 
Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  40  miles  S.E.  of  New  Dongola. 

Hand'forth,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Stockport. 

Handie'8  (han'diz)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in 
lat  37°  54'  50"  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  W.  Its  altitude  is  13,977 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  about  }.2  miles  N.E.  of  Sil- 
verton. 

Hand'iey,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Wedowee. 

Handley,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <S:c. 

Hands'borough,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co..  Miss, 
is  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  oi 
Mi.-^sissippi  City,  which  is  about  10  miles  W.  of  Biloxi, 
iind  2  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  6  churchei 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  1021. 

Haudscliuhslieim,  h&nt'shoos-himeS  a  village  of  Ba- 
den, on  the  Main,  10  miles  S.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2540. 

Hand'soms  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  South- 
ampton  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad. 


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1359 


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Han'dy,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  cc,  Ala. 

Handy,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  2144. 

Handy,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Minn. 

Handzaame,  or  Handzaeihe,  h&nd'zl^m^h,  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  15i  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Bruges.     Pop.  2640. 

Hanerau,  hjl'n^h-rdw^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Holstein,  on  the  Eider. 

Ha'nerville,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Madison. 

Hanesville,  hanz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md., 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hanesville,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Ha'ney,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  traversed  by 
the  Kickapoo  River.     Pop.  571. 

Haney's,  a  station  in  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Council  Bluffs. 

Hauey's  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Shelby  township, 
Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Madison. 

Ha'neyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Hau'ford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Han'ford's  Lauding,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  Genesee  River,  2  or  3  miles  N.  of  Rochester. 

Hang-ChOAV-Foo,  Haug-Tchow-Foo,  hing^- 
ch3w^-foo',  or  Hang-Tcheou-Foo,  hing^-che-oo^-foo', 
an  important  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  on  the  Tsien-tang-Kiang,  20  miles  from  its  mouth 
in  Hang-Chow-Foo  Bay,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Grand 
Canal.  It  is  populous,  well  built,  and  clean,  and  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  silk,  and  a  very  active  general  trade. 
It  suffered  much  in  the  civil  war  of  1861-64.     P.  600,000. 

Hangendenlissen,  Austria.    See  FUnfhaus. 

Hangest,  h6N<»^zhi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  on 
a  railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Montdidier.     Pop.  1360. 

Hang'ing  Grove,  township,  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     P.  393. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  2  or  3  miles  below  Ironton,  and  about  60 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  rail- 
road which  extends  to  the  New  Castle  coal-mines.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  stove-foundries.     Pop.  in  1890,  846. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  station  in  Summit  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Evanston. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  station  in  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
American  Fork  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W. 
Va.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Romney.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  store. 

Hanging  Rock  Mills,  post-office,  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hangman's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Hangoo,orHangu,hin-goo',  asmall  town  of  Afghan- 
istan, 15  miles  W.  of  Kohat.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Hang-o-Udde,  Hango  Udde,  hing'go  ood'deh,  or 
Hangoud,  hin^-go-ood',  a  free  port  of  Finland,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Finland,  with  a  good  harbor.  It  is  connected 
by  railway  with  the  interior. 

Hang-Tctiow-Foo,  China.    See  Hano-Chow-Foo. 

Hangwelly,  h&ng'wfil'lee,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  10  miles 
E.  of  Colombo. 

Hanifah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Anizeh. 

Hankow,  or  Hankau,  h^n^kow',  sometimes  written 
Han-Keoo,  or  Han-Keou,  hin^-kfi-oo',  a  treaty  port 
and  city  of  China,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  at  the  mouth  of 
one  of  its  tributaries,  700  miles  from  the  sea.  This  city 
forms,  with  Han-Yang  and  Woo-Chang  (Ou-Tchang  or  Oo- 
Tchang),  the  capital  of  Hoo-Pe,  all  in  sight  of  one  another, 
and  separated  only  by  the  river,  one  of  the  greatest  com- 
mercial centres  in  the  world.  Hue  estimates  their  united 
pop.  at  8,000,000;  but  they  8ufi"ered  much  in  the  Tae-Ping 
wars.     Lat.  about  30°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  near  114°  E. 

Han^Kiang,  h4n*-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  provinces 
of  Shen-See  and  Hoo-Pe,  after  a  tortuous  E.  course,  esti- 
mated at  600  miles,  joins  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  at  Han- Yang. 

Hankin,  h&n^kin',  a  maritime  town  of  Corea,  on  its  E. 
coast.     Lat.  39°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  127°  35'  E. 

Hank'in's,a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  143  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Hank'inson,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  N.D., 
19  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  starch,  &o.     Pop.  300. 

Han'ley»  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  a  rail- 


way, 2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newcastle,  and  forming  part  of  th« 
borough  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  has  fine  public  buildings 
and  extensive  potteries.     Pop.  (1891)  54,846. 

Hau'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Jenisunville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  manufactures 
of  wagons  and  horseshoes. 

Han'lin  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  about  12  houses. 

Han'ly,  a  post-office  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Nicholasville. 

Han'na,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Rock  River.     Pop.  964. 

Hanua,  a  post-village  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  59  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  graded  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  butter. 

Hanna,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  is  bounded 
S.E.  by  English  Lake  and  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  717. 

Han'nali,  or  Hau'nati  Fur'nace,  a  station  in  Cen- 
tre CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N. 
of  Tyrone. 

Han^nahatch'ee,  a  post-office  of  Steward  co.,  Qa., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coiumbus. 

Han'nah's  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  the 
Neuse  River  near  the  S.  border  of  Johnstown  co. 

Han'ua's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  into  the  White- 
water River  in  Union  co. 

Han'naville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Tex. 

Han'uaway  Falls,  formerly  Ells'worth,  a  post- 
village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pierpont  township,  on 
the  Racket  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  179. 

Hau'nersville,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Hanniah,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Lanchang. 

Han'nibal ,  a  city  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  is  situated  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  18  miles  below  Quincy,  and  about  148 
miles  above  St.  Louis,  which  is  100  miles  distant  by  land. 
By  railroad  it  is  206  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  102  miles 
W.  of  Springfield,  111.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre, 
being  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, and  the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A 
Texas  Railroad.  It  is  connected  with  St.  Louis  by  the  St. 
Louis,  Keokuk  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  with  Eastern 
cities  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Hannibal  is  the  seat  of 
Hannibal  College  (Methodist  Episcopal  South),  which  was 
founded  in  1868,  and  it  contains  12  churches,  a  high  school, 
St.  Joseph's  Academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  gas- 
works, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  lumber,  several 
flouring-mills,  iron-foundries,  tobacco-factories,  lime-kilns,  a 
manufactory  of  railroad-cars,  2  grain-elevators,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  The  river  is 
here  crossed  by  a  new  iron  railroad  bridge,  which  is  nearly 
1600  feet  long  between  the  abutments.  Pop.  in  1860,  6505 ; 
in  1870,  10,125;  in  1880,  11,074;  in  1890,  12,857. 

Hannibal,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Han- 
nibal township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertovvn  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  about  28  miles 
N.  of  Auburn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manutautures  of  barrels  and  staves. 
Pop.  452  ;  of  the  township,  2688. 

Hannibal,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Ohio 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  below  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Han'nibal,  three  islands  oif  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  11°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  142°  51'  20"  E. 

Han'nibal  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hannibal  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  foundry. 

Ha*Noi,  the  capital  of  Tonquin.     See  Ketcho. 

Hanover,  han'o-v^r  (Ger.  Hannover,  h&n-no'v^r;  Fr. 
Hanovre,  hi^nov'r' ;  L.  Hano'vera),  a  city  of  Prussia,  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  an  affluent 
of  the  Weser,  83  miles  S.W.  of  Hamburg.  Lat.  52°  22'  16" 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  44'  40"  E.  Railways  connect  it  with  the  prin- 
cipal North  German  towns.  It  is  built  in  a  sandy  plain, 
enclosed  by  planted  walks,  and  divided  by  the  river  (hero 
crossed  by  several  bridges)  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the 
latter  regularly  laid  out,  lighted  with  gas,  and  comprising 
a  fine  esplanade,  on  which  stand  the  monumental  rotunda 
of  Leibnitz,  and  a  column  156  feet  in  height,  erected  to  the 
Hanoverians  who  fell  at  Waterloo.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  palaces,  opera-house,  arsenal,  a  splendid  theatre, 
museum,  polytechnic  school,  barracks,  royal  stables,  city 
hall  and  record-office,  a  rich  library  of  printed  works  and 
valuable  manuscripts,  and  the  Schloss-Kirohe.     Its  institu- 


HAN 


1360 


HAN 


tfone  comprise  the  Georgianum,  founded  in  1776,  a  gymna- 
tinm,  a  normal  school,  and  various  asylums  and  hospitals. 
It  has  manufactures  of  oil-cloth,  gold  and  silver  articles, 
carpets,  lacquered  wares,  chiccory,  &c.  The  transit  trade 
with  Bremen,  Ac,  is  considerable ;  and  here  is  an  exchange 
for  miniog  produce.  About  half  a  mile  from  the  city  is 
Mount  Brilliant,  a  royal  country  residence,  with  a  fine  pic- 
ture-gallery, and  1  mile  distant  is  the  old  palace  of  Herm- 
hausen.  The  city  has  many  public  monuments.  Hanover 
has  increased  rapidly  in  population  since  the  annexation  to 
Prussia,  and  the  newly-built  quarters  are  for  the  most  part 
architecturally  very  fine.  Pop.  in  1880,  including  the  suburb 
of  Linden,  145,227 ;  in  1890,  165,499. 

Hanover,  or  Hannover,  a  province  of  Prussia,  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  German  Ocean,  Holstein,  and  Lauenburg, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Elbe,  N.E.  by  Mecklen- 
bui^-Schwerin,  E.  by  Prussian  Saxony  and  Brunswick,  S.  by 
Prussian  Saxony,  Hesse-Nassau,  and  Rhenish  Prussia,  and 
W.  by  the  Netherlands.  It  is  of  very  irregular  shape,  and  is 
divided  into  three  distinct  portions,  the  first,  and  by  far  the 
largest,  forming  Hanover  proper,  situated  on  the  E.,  and 
tolerably  compact;  the  second  on  the  W.,  and  separated 
from  the  former  by  Oldenburg  and  Rhenish  Prussia,  ex- 
cept where  the  continuity  is  maintained  by  a  narrow  tract 
not  more  than  6  miles  wide;  and  the  third  in  the  S.,  com- 
pletely isolated  from  the  other  two.  Besides  these  three 
principal  there  are  three  minor  portions,  all  in  the  S.,  and 
a  range  of  sandy  islands  lining  the  coast.  Within  the  terri- 
tory are  included  part  of  Brunswick  and  the  free  town  of 
Bremen.     Area,- 14,856  square  miles. 

The  surface  in  the  S.  is  covered  by  the  Harz  Mountains, 
some  of  whose  summits  here  attain  a  height  of  more  than 
3000  feet ;  but  all  the  rest  of  the  country  belongs  to  the  W. 
part  of  the  great  plain  which  stretches  E.  across  Prussia 
and  Russia.  In  Hanover,  this  plain,  after  it  becomes  free 
of  the  N.  slopes  of  the  Harz,  subsides  into  an  extensive  and 
monotonous  flat,  with  a  gentle  slope  towards  the  North 
Sea.  The  only  exception  to  the  general  flatness  is  caused  by 
branches  of  the  Harz,  one  of  which  stretches  in  a  N.N.W. 
direction  and  forms  the  watershed  between  the  Ems  and 
the  Weser.  In  addition  to  these  two  rivers,  the  only  other 
river  of  consequence  is  the  Elbe,  which  skirts  the  N.E.  and 
bounds  a  considerable  portion  of  the  N.  The  Harz  Moun- 
tains are  rich  in  minerals,  which  have  long  been  worked  to 
a  great  extent,  and  still  form  one  of  the  chief  sources  both 
of  wealth  and  employment.  They  produce  a  little  gold,  a 
considerable  amount  of  silver,  some  zinc,  from  100  to  150 
tons  of  copper,  and  about  4000  tons  of  iron  annually.  A 
branch  of  the  Harz,  between  the  Leine  and  the  Weser, 
yields  both  coal  and  lignite,  and  in  several  quarters  rock 
salt  is  found. 

The  climate  is  remarkably  mild,  except  in  the  higher 
districts  of  the  S.  The  prevailing  wind  is  the  W. ;  the  air, 
on  the  whole,  is  healthy,  but  its  sudden  changes  of  tempera- 
tui-e,  particularly  near  the  coast,  are  trying  to  weak  consti- 
tutions ;  and  in  the  low  flats,  when  the  rivers  become  slug- 
gish and  numerous  stagnant  pools  are  formed,  dysentery, 
ague,  and  intermittent  fevers  often  prevail. 

In  the  low  alluvial  flats  the  soil  is  remarkably  rich,  but 
usually  so  charged  with  moisture  that  it  cannot  be  safely 
brought  under  the  plough,  and  is  formed  into  meadows, 
which  yield  heavy  crops  of  hay  or  feed  large  numbers  of 
cattle.  When  the  ground  attains  a  higher  elevation  the 
•oil  usually  consists  either  of  a  thin  vegetable  mould  on  a 
substratum  of  sand  so  poor  as  often  to  be  left  in  a  state  of 
nature  with  its  covering  of  heath,  or  of  deep  beds  of  peat. 
But  there  are  extensive  tracts  of  arable  land,  amounting 
to  one-fourth  of  the  whole  surface,  so  industriously  culti- 
vated as  to  produce  more  corn  than  is  required  for  home 
consumption.  Flax  is  extensively  cultivated,  and  forms 
an  important  article  of  export.  The  domestic  animals 
are  horses,  homed  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  and  swine.  Poultry 
»l»o,  particularly  geese,  are  reared  in  vast  numbers  in  the 
marshes,  and  the  rearing  of  bees  is  practised  among  the 
moors. 

Mining  operations,  next  to  agriculture,  form  the  most 
important  branches  of  industry.  Other  manufactures  are 
of  comparatively  limited  extent.  The  most  important  are 
tissues  of  flax  and  hemp.  The  only  other  articles  deserving 
of  notice  are  hosiery,  ribbons,  leather,  chiccory,  tobacco, 
oil,  chemical  products,  beer,  and  brandy.  The  trade  has 
the  advantage  of  three  navigable  rivers  and  a  considerable 
extent  of  sea-coast,  and  railways  communicate  with  the 
great  continental  trunks. 

As  a  whole,  Hanover  is  very  thinly  peopled,  and,  in 
proportion  to  its  extent  of  surface,  haa  fewer  towns  of  im- 
pMianoe  than  any  other  region  in  Germany.    The  inhab- 


itants are  generally  of  Saxon  origin,  except  in  the  W., 
where  they  have  a  common  origin  with  the  Dutch,  or  are 
of  Frisian  extraction.  The  educated  classes  use  the  ordi- 
nary written  language  of  the  country,  but  the  lower  orderfl 
generally  speak  Low  German.  The  principal  seat  of  learn- 
ing is  the  University  of  Gottingen.  The  great  majority  of 
the  inhabitants  are  Protestants. 

The  countries  of  which  the  province  of  Hanover  is  now 
composed  were,  in  early  times,  the  theatre  of  protracted 
contests  between  the  Saxons  and  the  Romans.  After  the 
Romans  lost  their  footing  in  the  country  and  the  Longo- 
bardi  were  expelled  from  it,  the  Saxons  became  sole  pos- 
sessors. Charlemagne  subdued  the  Saxons,  introduced 
Christianity,  and  founded  several  bishoprics.  Wittekind, 
the  Saxon  leader,  by  becoming  a  Christian  lost  much  of 
his  influence  with  the  great  body  of  his  countrymen,  who 
still  continued  pagans,  but  was  allowed  to  possess  his  hered- 
itary states.  In  961  the  chief  power  was  in  the  bands  of 
Herrmann  Billung,  from  whom  the  fourth  in  succession  was 
Magnus.  He  succeeded  In  1106.  On  the  death  of  his  son, 
Henry  the  Lion,  in  1195,  the  possessions  left  to  him  were 
shared  by  his  three  sons.  Throngh  the  heirs  of  one  of 
these  (William,  the  youngest),  the  lines  of  Brunswiok- 
Wolfenbiittel  and  of  Brunswick-Liineburg  were  ultimately 
formed.  Ernest  Augustus,  one  of  the  princes  of  the  latter 
branch,  after  making  several  important  additions  to  his 
territories,  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  Elector  of  Hanover 
in  1692,  and  married  the  daughter  of  the  Elector  Palatine, 
grand-daughter  of  James  I.  of  England.  He  was  suo- 
ceeded,  in  1698,  by  his  son,  George  Lewis,  who,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  revolutionary  settlement  of  1688,  became 
sovereign  of  England,  under  the  name  of  George  I.,  on  the 
demise  of  Queen  Anne,  in  1714.  The  connection  thus 
formed  with  the  crown  of  England  continued  during  four 
succeeding  reigns.  In  1814  the  Congress  of  Vienna  raised 
Hanover  to  the  rank  of  a  kingdom  ;  but  on  the  accession 
of  Qneen  Victoria  to  the  crown  of  England  the  Salic  law 
placed  the  Hanoverian  crown  on  the  bead  of  the  nearest 
male  heir,  Ernest  Augustus,  Duke  of  Cumberland.  He  died 
in  November,  1851,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  George 
V.  In  1866  the  Hanoverians  took  the  Austrian  side  in  the 
war  with  Prussia,  in  consequence  of  which  the  Prussians 
dethroned  the  king  and  annexed  the  country  to  Prussia. 
Capital,  Hanover.  Pop.  in  1880,  2,120,168 ;  in  1890,  2,278,- 
361. Adj.  and  inhab.  Hanoverian,  han-o-vee're-^n. 

Han'over,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  North  Anna  and  Pamunkey  Rivers,  and 
on  the  S. W.  by  the  Chickahominy  River.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  South  Anna  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond,  Fredericks- 
burg &  Potomac  Railroad  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, the  latter  communicating  with  Hanover  Court- House, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,455;  in  1880, 
18,588;  in  1890,  17,402. 

Hanover,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hanover,  a  village  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Quinepiac  River,  and  on  the  Hartford  A  New  Haven  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cutlery. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in 
Sprague  township,  2  miles  from  Baltic  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  flannels  and  tweeds. 

Hanover,  or  Ger'mantown,  a  village  of  Clinton  co., 
III.,  on  Big  Shoal  Creek,  4  miles  S.  of  Breese  Station,  and 
about  26  miles  E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.  Pop.  391.  Here  is  Germantown 
Post-OflBce. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  III.  Pop.  1098.  It 
contains  Bartlett,  Spaulding,  Hammond,  &e. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Jo 
Daviess  co.,  111.,  on  Apple  River,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Galena.  It  has  4  cnurches,  a  graded  school,  a  public 
school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop. 
of  the  village,  743;  of  the  township,  1666. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Ind.,  about  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison,  near  the 
Ohio  River,  which  forms  the  S.E.  boundary  of  the  township. 
Here  is  Hanover  College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  founded 
in  1833.  Hanover  has  a  money-order  post-office,  4  churches, 
a  tannery,  &o.     Pop.  564 ;  of  the  township,  1399. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Lake  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  973.  It 
contains  Brunswick  and  Hanover  Centrn 


HAN 


1361 


MATH 


Hanover,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1672. 
It  contains  Morristown. 

Hanover,  a  post-township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Deoorah,  is  traversed  by  the  Upper 
Iowa  River.     Pop.  531. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  36. 

Hanover,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Hanover  township,  on  the  Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Joseph  A  Denver  City  Railroad,  127  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.,  and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Fairbury,  Neb.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  pottery. 
Pop.  in  lo90,  903;  of  the  township,  1757. 

Hanover,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Oxford  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Lewiston.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  188. 

Hanover,  a  village  or  station  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hanover  township,  on  the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  the  Hanover  Academy, 
and  has  manufactures  of  shoes,  nails,  and  tacks.  The  town- 
ship has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2093. 

Hanover,  an  incorporated  post-village  in  Hanover 
township,  Jackson  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson 
<k  Saginaw  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  is 
surrounded  by  lakes,  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  fruit-evaporator,  a  cooper-shop,  a 
steam  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  363;  of  the  township,  1575. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  242. 

Hanover,  a  trading-post  of  Mille  Lacs  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Princeton. 

Hanover,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co..  Mo.,  in  Joa- 
chim township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad  (at  Bailey  Station),  32  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  is  finely  situated  i  mile  E.  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  on  a  plain  about  ISO  feet  higher  than  the  water,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  nearly  1  mile  E.  of  Norwich 
Station  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  national  bank,  and  a  savings-bank,  and  is  the  seat  of 
Dartmouth  College  (Congregational),  which  was  organized 
in  1770  and  has  about  15  resident  professors,  250  students, 
and  a  library  of  46,000  volumes.  This  college  is  richly 
endowed,  occupies  8  buildings,  and  comprises,  besides  its 
literary  department,  a  medical  school,  and  the  New  Hamp- 
shire College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1877. 

Hanover,  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Pemberton. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Madison, 
and  6  or  7  miles  E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores, 
and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop.  of  the  township,  3623.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Rockaway  River,  and  contains 
villages  named  Parcippany  and  Whippany. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Erie.  Pop.  4155.  It  contains  Silver  Creek,  Forestville, 
Irving,  and  Smith's  Mills. 

Hanover,  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Marshall. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1832.  It 
contains  Loudonville. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  1460.  It 
contains  McGonigle's  Station. 

Hanover,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Hamilton. 

Hanover,  or  Han'overton,  a  post-village  of  Colum- 
biana CO.,  0.,  in  Hanover  township,  on  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  about 
25  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Hanoverton,  but  that  of  the  railroad  station  is  Hanover. 
Pop.  481 ;  of  the  township,  2310. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Hanover 
township,  on  the  Licking  River,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  and 
on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Columbus,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Newark.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  322 ;  of  the  township,  1165. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Ohio  line.  Pop.  1500.  It  contains  Frankfort  Springs 
Mtd  Harshaville,  and  has  beds  of  good  coal. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2804. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  contains 


Nanticoke,  Ashley,  and  other  coal-mining  villages.  Pop. 
2035,  exclusive  of  Sugar  Notch.  Hanover  Station  is  on  the 
Nanticoke  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Nanticoke. 

Hanover,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Pennsburg. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River.     Pop.  499.     Post-office,  Ilanoverville. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Washington  oo..  Pa.  Pop. 
1898.  It  contains  Florence,  Murdocksville,  Ac,  and  is  on 
the  line  of  West  Virginia.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

Hanover,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Heidel- 
berg township,  on  the  Hanover,  Hanover  Junction  A  Get- 
tysburg Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Hanover  A  York 
and  Littlestown  Railroads,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gettysburg, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  York,  and  50  miles  by  railroad  S.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  an  academy,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  Ac.  Four  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2317;  in  1890,  3746. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  in  Plymouth 
township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  34  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Madison,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Janesville.  It  is 
also  on  the  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  which  connects 
Janesville  with  Monroe.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and 
manufactures  of  cigars,  flour,  and  wagons. 

Handover,  a  thriving  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Saugeen  River,  6  miles  from  Walkerton.  It  has  ex- 
cellent water-power,  and  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  carding-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  4  stores, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  700. 

Hanover  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Hanover  township,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Crown  Point.  It  has 
a  church. 

Hanover  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hanover  township, 
Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  6  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Hanover  Conrt-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Richmond,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Pamunkey 
River.  It  has  a  brick  court-house,  built  in  1735,  a  news 
paper  office,  a  church,  and  an  academy.  Henry  Clay  was 
born  1  mile  from  this  place,  in  April,  1777. 

Han'over  Island,  W.  of  Patagonia,  in  lat.  51°  S.,  Ion. 
74°  30'  W.,  is  separated  from  the  mainland  and  Chatham 
Island  by  the  East  Channel. 

Hanover  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Hanover  A  Gettysburg  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  York.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches  near  it.     Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

Hanover  Junction,  Virginia.    See  Junction. 

Hanoverton,  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  Hanover. 

Han'overville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  in  Hanover  township,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Hanovre,  the  French  name  of  Hanover. 

Hanowa,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Hamva. 

Hansbeke,  hS,ns'bi-k9h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  on  the  railway  between  Ostend  and  Ghent,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2400. 

Hansdorf  (hins'doRf ),  Lower  and  Upper,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Prussian  Silesia,  47  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Breslau.     United  pop.  3074. 

Hansdorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Hantispalva, 

Hanse  (hS,nss)  Towns,  called  also  the  Hansa  (han'- 
si)  and  Hanseat'ic  League,  a  celebrated  commercial 
confederacy,  which  derives  its  name  from  the  ancient  Ger- 
man word  Hanae  (hin's^h),  signifying  an  "  association  for 
mutual  support."  In  the  Middle  Ages,  Hamburg,  Lubeck, 
and  afterwards  Brunswick,  Dantzic,  Cologne,  Bremen,  and 
a  great  number  of  other  towns,  entered  into  an  alliance  in 
order  to  defend  their  commerce  against  the  numerous  ban- 
ditti and  pirates  who  then  infested  Germany  and  the  neigh- 
boring seas.  This  alliance  was  termed  the  Hanseatic  League. 
The  confederated  or  Hanse  Towns  were  each  bound  to  con- 
tribute towards  maintaining  ships  and  soldiers  for  their 
mutual  protection,  not  only  against  pirates  and  robbers,  but 
also  against  the  encroachments,  oppression,  or  rapacity  of 
the  neighboring  nobles  and  kings.  The  number  of  towns 
composing  the  league  fluctuated :  at  one  time  it  is  said  to 
have  amounted  to  85,  among  which  were  Bergen,  in  Nor- 
way, Berlin,  Konigsberg,  and  Cracow.  This  powerful  con- 
federacy formed  the  first  systematic  plan  of  commerce 
known  in  the  Middle  Ages.  The  cities  enjoyed  in  Eng- 
land the  privilege  of  exporting  goods  duty  free,  and  in 
Denmark  of  importing  them  duty  free.  Their  alliance  was 
coveted  and  their  hostility  feared  by  the  greatest  powers. 
Several  kings  were  defeated,  and  one  (Magnus  of  Sweden) 
was  deposed,  by  them.  Lubeck  was  the  place  of  assemblage, 
and  was  regarded  as  the  capital  of  the  league,  and  issued 


HAN 


1362 


HAR 


the  summons  for  the  regular  assemblies  of  the  deputies  from 
all  the  cities,  which  were  held  once  in  three  years,  and  also 
for  the  extraordinary  assemblies,  generally  held  once  in  ten 
years.  The  epoch  of  the  dissolution  of  the  confederacy  may 
be  stated  at  1630.  However,  Hamburg,  Lubeck,  and  Bre- 
men still  constitute  an  association  of  a  similar  character, 

and  are  called  free  Hanseatic  cities. Adj.  Hansb  and 

Hanseat'ic,  and  Hansard. 

Hansee*  or  Hansi,  hin'see,  a  town  of  the  Hissar  dis- 
trict, India,  89  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  13,563. 

Han'sell's,  a  station  in  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg. 

Han'sen,  a  hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Hart. 

Hans'ford)  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  bounded 
N.  by  Indian  Territory,  and  traversed  by  the  North  Fork 
of  Canadian  River.    Area,  910  square  miles.    P.  (1890)133. 

Han'son,  a  prairie  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South 
Dakota.  Area,  435  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  River.     Capital,  Alexandria.     Pop.  in  1890,  4267. 

Hanson^  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Hender- 
son.    It  has  2  churches,  tobacco-factories,  Ac. 

HansoU)  a  post-village  in  Hanson  township,  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  (Plymouth  Branch), 
25  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  South  Hanson,  and  has 
manufactures  of  shoes,  shoe-nails,  and  boxes.     Pop.  1265. 

Hanson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn. 

Han'sonvill^,  a,  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  about 
66  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wine. 

Hansonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Frederick.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Hanson ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Vs.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Han^soot',  a  town  of  British  India,  district  and  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Baroach.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Han-Tching,  a  city  of  Corea.    See  King-Ki-Tao. 

Han-Tchong,  hin-ch5ng',  an  inland  city  of  China, 
province  of  Shen-See,  capital  of  the  department,  on  the 
Han-Kiang  River.     Lat.  32°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  11'  E. 

Hants,  Hamp'shire,  Southamp'ton,  or  Sonth- 
amp'tonshire,  a  county  of  England,  having  S.  the 
English  Channel,  with  its  inlets  of  Spithead,  the  Solent, 
Ac.  Area,  including  the  Isle  of  Wight,  1613  square  miles. 
The  ranges  of  the  North  and  South  Downs  traverse  the 
county.  In  the  S.  are  the  extensive  bays  of  Southampton- 
water,  and  the  harbors  of  Portsmouth  and  Langston,  with 
the  islets  of  Portsea  and  Hayling.  In  the  N.,  N.E.,  and 
S.W.  are  extensive  heaths.  South  Hants  is  particularly 
noted  for  rural  and  maritime  beauty.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Anton,  Itchen,  Avon,  and  Stour.  The  manufactures,  except 
those  connected  with  the  dock-yards  and  shipping  estao- 
lishments  at  Portsmouth,  are  of  little  importance.  The 
Basingstoke  Canal  is  in  the  N.E.,  and  the  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  London  &  Southwestern  Railway  and  by  the 
South  Coast  Railway,  terminating  at  Portsmouth.  Hamp- 
shire is  subdivided  into  48  hundreds;  besides  which,  it 
contains  the  towns  of  Southampton,  Portsmouth,  Christ- 
church,  Lymington,  Petersfield,  Gosport,  Alresford,  Alton, 
Basingstoke,  Fordingbridge,  Romsey,  and  Ringwood.  It 
sends  five  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Winchester 
is  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1881,  693,470;  in  1891,  690,086. 

Hants,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  Minas 
and  Cobequid  Bays.  Area,  1175  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  much  diversified  with  mountains  and  valleys.  The 
underlying  rock  is  the  Permian  sandstone  of  the  coal- 
measures,  and  whole  hills  are  filled  with  gypsum.  Capital, 
Windsor.    Pop.  21,301.  ^ 

Hants  Har'bor,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  in  the 
district  of  Trinity,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from  Heart's 
Content.     Pop.  730. 

Hants'port,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Avon  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Windsor.  It  contains 
several  factories  and  ship-yards,  carding-  and  grist-mills, 
ex^llent  freestone-quarries,  and  8  or  9  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Hanusfalva,  hSh^noos^fsi'vShS  or  Hansdorf, 
hints  donf,  a  town  of  Hungary,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Epe- 
ries.     Pop.  1200. 

„^*"V««»  ^*^'^*1^'.  a  village  of  France,  in  Finist^re, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brest.     Pop.  240. 

Han'well,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
having  a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  7  miles  W. 
of  Paddington  (London).  Near  it  is  the  county  lunatic 
Mylum,  a  very  handsome  building,  very  extensive  and  well 


conducted.     Here  are  also  a  noble  railway  viaduct .  and  am 
artesian  well,  depth  290  feet,  temperature  55°  Fahr. 

Han- Yang,  or  Han-Yang-Foo,  bin-ying-foo',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe,  capital  of  a  department, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Han-Kiang  and  Yang-tse-Kiang 
Rivers,  and  adjacent  to  Han-Keoo.  Lat.  30°  34'  N. ;  Ion 
113°  45'  E. 

Han-Yaug-Foo,  Corea.    See  King-Ei-Tao. 

Hanzdorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Hanusfalva. 

Haoorau,  Haouran,  or  Hauran,  h&-oo-r&n'  ot 
hSw'rin',  a  district  or  sanjak  of  Syria,  S.  of  Damascus,  E. 
of  the  Jordan  and  Mount  Gilead,  stretching  thence  to  the 
Syrian  desert,  and  inhabited  mostly  by  a  shifting  popula- 
tion ;  but  of  late  its  good  soil  and  climate  have  attracted 
permanent  inhabitants.     It  is  in  part  mountainous. 

Haonsa,  or  Haonssah.    See  Hoctssa. 

Hapai,  hi'pi',  Hapee,  Hapaee,  hi'pee',  or  Gal- 
vez,  gil'vSz,  an  island  group  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  the 
Tonga  Archipelago,  consisting  of  four  larger  and  numerous 
smaller  islands,  connected  by  coral  reefs.  Lat.  20°  3'  S. ; 
Ion.  174°  41'  W. 

Haparanda,  h&-p&-r&n'd&,  formerly  Charles- 
Johns  Town,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Pite&,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  at  the  W.  side  of  the  rivor, 
and  opposite  the  town  of  Torne&.     Pop.  786. 

Hapeville,  hSp'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ga., 
on  the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
wagons,  &o. 

Hapoor,  Hanpnr,  or  Hapnr,  haw^poor',  a  town  ol 
India,  district  and  20  miles  S.  of  Meerut.     Pop.  14,294. 

Happisbnrgh,  hap'pis-bQr^rfih,  orHais'borough, 
a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  North  Sea,  6} 
miles  E.  of  North  Walsham.  There  are  two  light-houses, 
1  mile  S.E.  of  the  village,  in  lat.  52°  49'  N.,  Ion.  1°  32'  E., 
with  a  fixed  red  light.     Pop.  of  parish,  546. 

Hap'py  Camp,  a  post- village  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Klamath  River,  aoout  56  miles  E.  of  Crescent  City. 
Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  Happy  Camp  township,  382. 

Happy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Manassas  division  of  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  2^ 
miles  from  Front  Royal. 

Happy  Hol'low,  a  mining  post- village  of  Rock  Island 
CO.,  III.,  in  Hampton  township,  2^  miles  from  Hampton.  It 
has  6  coal -shafts. 

Happy  Hollow,  a  post-village  of  AVapello  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Cass  township,  1  mile  from  the  Des  Moines  River,  and 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ottumwa.  Coal-mining  is  the 
principal  business  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Happy  Home,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.,  at 
Icard  Station  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  45 
miles  W.  of  Statesville.     Here  is  Rutherford  College. 

Happy  Jack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plaquemines  parisU, 
La.,  in  the  Ronquillo  Settlement,  on  the  Mississippi,  5.S 
miles  S.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Happy  Land,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala. 

Happy  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Happy  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Hap'pyville,  a  station  in  Greene  co..  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago <fe  Alton  Railroad,  39  miles  E.  of  Louisiana,  Mo. 

Hapsal,  Hapzal,  h&p's&l,  Habsal,  h&b's&l,  or 
Gapsal,  gip's&l,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia, 
58  miles  S.W.  of  Revel.     Pop.  2203. 

Hapsburg,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Habsbdrg. 

Hapur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hapook. 

Hara,  hi!l'r&,  or  Kara,  a  lake  in  the  Chinese  Empire, 
in  the  Desert  of  Gobi,  50  miles  S.  of  a  lake  called  Lop  Nor. 
Lat.  30°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  E. 

Hara,  or  Kara,  a  town  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  in 
Mongolia,  near  the  Great  Wall,  200  miles  W.  of  Peking. 

Harafoora.    See  Alfooras. 

Harakah,  h&V&'ki  (anc.  Lihytsa  f),  a  picturesque 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  W.  of  Ismeed,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  its  gulf,  with  remains  of  antiquity. 

Har'alson,  a  northwestern  county  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  Alabama.  Area,  269  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Buchanan. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4004;  in  1880,  5974;  in  1890,  11,316. 

Haralson,  a  post-village  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Senoia  Railroad  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Haramuk,  hi^ra-miik',  or  Har^mok',  a  mouutain 
of  Central  Asia,  in  the  Himalayas.  Lat.  34°  26'  N. ;  Ion, 
74°  43'  E.     Elevation,  13,000  feet. 

Harapa,  ha,'ra'pa,,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  B. 


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1363 


IIAR 


bank  of  the  Ravee  (anc.  ffydraotea),  105  miles  S.W.  of  La- 
hore, with  extensive  ruins. 

Harar,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  HnRRUR. 

Har'ay,  two  islets  of  Scotland,  off  the  B.  coast  of  Shet- 
land mainland. 

Har'beson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Sussex  cc,  Del.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  9  miles 
from  Lewes. 

Harbine,  Greene  co.,  Ohio.    See  Alpha. 

Har'bison,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River.     Pop.  1590. 

Har'bledown,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  1  mile 
W.  of  Canterbury.  Here  is  an  old  hospital,  founded  for 
lepers,  by  Lanfranc,  now  used  as  an  almshouse,  attached  to 
which  is  the  ancient  church  of  St.  Nicholas.     Pop.  685. 

Har'boIt'S)  a  station  on  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Harbonni^res,  haR^bon'ne-aiR',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Somme,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montdidier.     Pop.  1997. 

Har'bor^  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  on  Lake 
Erie,  3  miles  N.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with 
14  feet  of  water,  and  is  an  important  shipping-point  for 
coal  and  iron  ore. 

Harbor  au  Bonche^  o  boosh,  a  post- village  in  An- 
tigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  30  miles  N.  of 
Antigonish.  Pop.,  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  about  700. 

Harbor  Bridge,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Castle. 

Har'bor  Brit'on,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry,  cap- 
ital of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  240  miles  W.  of  St. 
John's.     Pop.  360. 

Harbor  Buffet,  a  fishing  village  of  Newfoundland, 
on  Long  Island,  in  Placentia  Bay,  16  miles  from  Little 
Placentia.     Pop.  333. 

Harbor  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in 
Harbor  Creek  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  and  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  several  churches.  The 
township  has  6  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1974. 

Harbor  Grace  (Fr.  pron.  haR^boR'  griss),  a  port  of 
entry,  and,  after  St.  John's,  the  most  important  town  of 
Newfoundland,  the  capital  of  the  district  of  Harbor  Grace, 
is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  Conception  Bay,  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Portugal  Cove.  It  has  a  pretty  appearance  from 
the  sea,  and  contains  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  the  dome 
of  which  forms  a  prominent  object  in  entering  the  port,  a 
prison,  a  convent,  and  a  court-house.  The  harbor  is  about  5 
miles  in  extent,  but  much  exposed  to  the  sea.  The  wharves 
are  sheltered  by  a  beach,  on  which  is  a  light-house  exhibit- 
ing a  powerful  revolving  light.  Harbor  Grace  is  a  town  of 
oonsiderable  trade,  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  business  of  the 
whole  island  being  done  h^ere.  It  contains  a  number  of 
stores,  several  hotels,  and  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop.     Pop.  6770. 

Harbor  Island,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  just  N.E. 
of  Eleuthera,  with  the  port  of  Dunmore  Town.     Pop.  2500. 

Harbor  le  Cow,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Burgeo 
and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  li  miles  from  Rose  Blanche. 

Harbor  Main,  a  village,  the  capital  of  the  district  of 
Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  is  situated  at  the  head  of 
Conception  Bay.     It  is  a  fishing  settlement.     Pop.  670. 

Harbor  Springs,  a  post-town  and  summer  resort, 
capital  of  Emmet  co.,  Mich.,  on  Little  Traverse  Bay,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  4  churches,  2  news- 
papers, public  schools,  lumber-mills,  &o.     Pop.  1052. 

Har'borville,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  10  miles  N.  of  Berwick.  It  exports 
cordwood  and  potatoes,  and  contains  4  stores  and  several 
ship-yards.     Pop.  250. 

Har'bourton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Hopewell  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville  Station, 
which  is  11  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Harburg,  haR'booRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Wer- 
nitz,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1270. 

Harburg,  or  Haarburg,  hiR'booRG,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Hanover,  23  miles  N.W.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  S. 
branch  of  the  Elbe,  at  a  railway  junction,  6  miles  S.  of 
Hamburg.  Pop.  17,131.  It  has  a  citadel,  gunpowder-  and 
bone-mills,  sugar-refineries,  tanneries,  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  hosiery,  and  sail-cloth,  extensive  wharves, 
and  an  active  trade  by  sea. 

Harbutowitz,  haR'boo-to^^its,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  circle  of  Tesohen,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop,  365. 

Harchies,  haR^shee'  or  haRk'yis,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Hainaut,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Mous. 


Harcourt,  haR^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Eure,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bernay.     Pop.  1068. 

Harcourt- Thury,  haR^kooR'-tU^ree',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Calvados,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Falaise.    Pop.  1310. 

Harda,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hurdah. 

Hardanger- Fiord,  haR'ding'§r-fe-oRd',  an  inlet  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Norway,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Bergen.  It  is 
approached  through  channels  between  numerous  islands, 
extends  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  about  37  miles,  and  then  from 
N.  to  S.  about  34  miles. 

Hardanger-Fjeld,  haR'd&ng^^r-fe-£ld,  a  mountain- 
ridge  of  Norway,  about  lat.  60°  10'  N.,  uniting  N.  with 
the  Lang-Field,  and  S.  with  the  Dovrefield. 

Hard'away,  a  hamlet  of  Dougherty  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  S  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
saw-mill. 

Har'deeville,  a  post- village  of  Beaufort  oo.,  S.C,  on 
the  Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Savannah.     It  has  5  churches  and  4  turpentine-distilleries. 

Hardegsen,  haR'd5g-s§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gottingen.  Pop.  1056.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linens  and  leather. 

Har'deman,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  bordering 
on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Big  Hatchee  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
According  to  the  census,  it  had,  in  1870,  335,859  acres  of 
woodland,  and  more  than  any  other  county  in  the  state. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Memphis  <fc  Charleston  Rail- 
road and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad. 
Capital,  Bolivar.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,074  j  in  1880,22,921; 
in  1890,  21,029. 

Hardeman,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Pease  River.  Area,  1180  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City  Rail- 
way, which,  running  through  the  county  in  a  northeasterly 
direction,  passes  through  Quanah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1880,  50  ;  in  1890,  .S904. 

Hardeman,  a  post-office  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex. 

Harden,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Hawarden. 

Hardenberg,  haR'd§n-b4RG\  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, Overyssel,  on  the  Vecht,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zwolle. 

Hardenburg,  Jennings  oo.,  Ind.     See  Hatden. 

Havdenburg,  a  township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.    P.  671. 

Har'den's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  City  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  20  miles  below  Richmond. 

Har'dentOAVn,  a  station  in  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Indianapolis  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Lawrenceburg. 

HarderAvick,  haR'd§r-^ikS  Harderwyk,  or  Har- 
derwijk,  haR'd§r-^ik\  a  seaport  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  31  miles  E.  of 
Amsterdam.  Pop.  6445.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  an  exten- 
sive establishment  for  curing  herrings,  and  a  depot  for 
recruits.     It  was  formerly  a  Hanseatic  town. 

Hardheim,  haRt'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2280. 

Hardi,  har'dee,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district. 
Pop.  4039. 

Har'din,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  149  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  broken  with 
ridges  and  deep  gorges  or  ravines.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  coal,  iron,  lead,  and 
carboniferous  limestone  of  the  Keokuk  group.  Capital,  Eliza- 
bethtown.    Pop.  in  1870,  5113 ;  in  1880,  6024;  in  1890, 7234. 

Hardin,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Tipton  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Dakota  Railway,  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  Capital,  Eldora.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,684 ;  in 
1880,  17,807 ;  in  1890,  19,003. 

Hardin,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bordering  on  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  N.E.  by  Salt  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A 


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1364 


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Nteiivllle  Railroad  and  the  Newport  News  ik  MiSrissippi 
Valley  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Eliza- 
bethtown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,705;  in  1880, 
22,564;  in  1890,  21,304. 

Hardin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Ohio. 
Area,  425  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Blanchard  Fork  of  the 
Auglaize  River.  The  ssrfaoe  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Erie 
Railroad,  the  Toledo,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,714;  in  1880,  27,023;  in  1890, 
28,939. 

Hardin )  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Tennessee,  borders 
on  Alabama.  Area,  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Tennessee  River,  which  forms  part  of  the 
northern  boundary  and  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats. 
The  surface  presents  no  great  inequalities,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  This  county  has  abundance  of  lime- 
stone and  sandstone  or  freestone.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Savannah.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,768 ;  in  1880,  14,793 ;  in  1890, 
17,698. 

Hardin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  940  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Neohes  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Pine  Island  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  county,  passing  through 
Kountze,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  1460;  in  1880,  1870; 
in  1890,  3956. 

Hardin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  is 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  in  Hardin  township, 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  311. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  111.     Pop.  1051. 

Hardin,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  3  miles 
from  Luana  Railroad  Station,  and  about  64  miles  N.W.  of 
Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  601. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  2717. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  719. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.  P.  722. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  370. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1296. 

Hardin,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Kansas  City,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  box-factorv. 
Pop.  656.  r  r  ,  J 

Hardin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.,  1  mile  from 
Hardin  Station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Sidney.  It  has  2 
churches.    Pop.  87. 

Hardin,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  Tex., 
about  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Galveston.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Hardin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Iowa  River,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marshalltown. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Har'ding,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Glassborough. 

Harding,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  2i  miles 
from  West  Pittston. 

Hardinghem,  haRMin-^gAN"',  a  village  of  Prance,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1239. 

Har'ding's,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  to  Hickman,  Ky.,  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Nashville. 

Har'dingville,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Clayton  township,  li  miles  from  Harding.     It  has  a  church. 

Har'dinsbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
in  Posey  township,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  199. 

Hardinsbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Breckenridge 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  about  56  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville,  and  10  miles 
E.  of  Cloverport,  which  is  on  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  681. 

Har'din  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky., 
8  miles  W.  of  Big  Clifty  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  mineral  spring,  a  hotel,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Har'dinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Ill,, 
about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Vincennes,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Hardinsville,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky..  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Frankfort. 


Hardinxveld,  hanMinx-vSlt',  a  village  of  the  Netlier* 

lands,  in  South  Holland,  on  the  Meuse  (Mass,,  4  miles  "W. 
of  Gorkum.     Pop.  4141. 

Har'dison's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  eo., 
Tenn.,  on  Duck  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hard  Labor  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  is  an  affluent 
or  branch  of  Stevens  Creek,  in  Edgefield  oo. 

Hard'man's,  a  station  on  the  main  line  of  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Grafton,  W.  Va. 

Hardt,  haRt,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Dusseldorf,  circle  of  Gladbach.     Pop.  2408. 

Hard  Times  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Tensas  par- 
ish, La. 

Hardni,  a  town  of  India.    See  HtntDOSE. 

Hard'ware,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  South  Branch  of  Hardware  River,  3  miles  S.  of  North 
Garden  Station. 

Hardware  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Albemarle  co., 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  James  River  in  Fluvanna  oo. 

Hard'wick,  a  post-village  in  Hardwick  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  2i  miles  from  the  Ware  River  Rail- 
road, about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ware  River, 
contains  a  village  named  Gilbertville,  and  has  manufactures 
of  flannel,  blankets,  paper,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1992. 

Hardwick,  a  post-township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Belvidere.     Pop.  638. 

Hardwick,  a  post-village  in  Hardwick  township,  Cal 
edonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and 
about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  marble.  The  township  contains  also  East  Hardwick, 
and  has  granite-quarries.     PoP-  of  the  township,  1547. 

Hardwicke  (bard'wik)  Bay,  South  Australia,  is  an 
inlet  of  Spencer  Gulf. 

Hardwicke  Island,  British  Columbia,  is  in  Queen 
Charlotte  Sound. 

Hardwicke  (or  Nundawas,  nfin-daw'w%s)  Monn> 
tains.  East  Australia,  are  in  lat.  30°  S.  and  Ion.  150°  £. 
They  are  of  granitic  formation. 

Har'dy,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Cacapon  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  Branch  and  Short  Branch  Mountains  traverse 
the  centre  of  the  county.  A  ridge  called  the  Great  North 
Mountain  extends  along  the  E.  border  of  the  ceunty.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  grass.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  it.  Capital,  Moorefield. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5518;  in  1880,  6794;  in  1890,  7567. 

Hardy,  a  post-village  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Superior,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Nelson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  343. 

Har'dy  Islands,  British  India,  off"  the  coast  of  Ara 
can,  E.  of  Cheduba,  in  lat.  18°  35'  N.,  Ion.  94°  E. 

Har'dy's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Har'dy's  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islets  off  th« 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  between  Temple  Bay  and  Shel- 
burne  Bay,  in  lat.  11°  54'  42"  S.,  Ion.  143°  30'  45"  E. 

Hardy's  Islands,  a  group  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.S.E.  of  New  Ireland,  in  lat.  4°  30'  S.,  Ion.  154°  15'  E. 

Hardy  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grenada  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
Grenada. 

Har'dy ston,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1668.  It  contains  Hamburg,  Franklin  Furnace,  Stock- 
holm, Ac. 

Hardystonville,  har'diz-tgn-vtl,  or  Up'per  Ham'- 
burg,  a  village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Hardyston  town- 
ship, on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Hamburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Har'dyville,  b  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Colorado  RiVer,  at  the  head  of  ordinary  steam  navi- 
gation, 180  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  number 
of  stores  and  a  ferry,  and  is  chiefly  supported  by  trade  with 
the  miners. 

Hardyrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  oo.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
E.  of  Rowletts  Depot.     Pop.  68. 

Hareid,  h&'rid,  or  Hareidland,  h9,'rld-l&nt\  hn 
island  of  Norway,  stift  of  Trondhjem,  in  the  Atlantic 
Lat.  62°  22'  N.     Length,  11  miles;  breadth,  8  miles. 

Hare  Island,  Bay  of  Fundy.    See  Haitte-Ilb. 

Hare  Island,  an  island  of  Quebec,  in  the  St.  Law. 
rence,  96  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.     Length,  8  miles. 


HAB 


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HAR 


Harelbeke^  Belgium.    See  Haerlebeke. 

JUareUy  h&'r^n,  a  parish  and  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  3i  miles  S.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3547. 

Hare's  Corner,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del. 

Hare's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Hare'wood,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Wharfe.  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leeds. 

Harfleur,  haR^flua'  (L.  Uarjie'vium  or  Harflor'icum), 
a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Le- 
zarde,  1  mile  from  its  mouth  in  the  Seine,  3  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E,  of  Havre,  and  105  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.    Pop.  1908. 

Har'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Maryland,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  422  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Deer  Creek.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  plenty  of 
timber,  and  quarries  of  granite  and  limestone.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Baltimore  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Belair.  Pop.  in  1870, 22,605  ; 
in  1880,  28,042 ;  in  1890,  28,993. 

Harford,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Har- 
ford township,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.  of  Owego,  and  ab.^it  18  miles  E.  of  Ithaca.  It 
has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  2  grist-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1038. 

Hariord,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Harford  township,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montrose  Depot,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, a  carriage-shop,  and  a  soldiers'  orphan  school.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1595. 

Harford  Furnace,  a  post- village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Harford  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Harford  township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Harford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harg,  haRg,  a  village  of  Sweden,  60  miles  N.N.E,  of 
Stockholm,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  near  the  W.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Hargrave,  Quebec.    See  Bryson. 

Harihar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hurryhur. 

Hari  Leygen,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Rioyicza. 

Har'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wexford  co,,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  at  Linden  Station,  3 
miles  N.  of  Cadillac.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Haringhata,  a  river  of  Bengal.     See  Baleswar. 

Haringhe,  b&'ring-H^h  or  h&^r&M<>',  or  Haeringhe, 
hi'ring-H§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on 
the  Yser,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2100. 

Haringvliet,  hi'ring-fleet\  a  mouth  of  the  Rhine  and 
of  the  Meuse,  in  South  Holland,  continuous  with  Hollands- 
Diep.     Breadth,  2  J  miles. 

HarUpoor',  a  small  town  of  Punjab,  near  the  Rem- 
beara,  in  lat.  33°  37'  N.,  Ion.  74°  37'  E. 

Haripoor,  a  fort  and  small  town  of  Punjab,  among  the 
Lower  Himalayas,  in  lat.  31°  54'  N.,  Ion.  75°  53'  E. 

Haripoor,  a  town  of  Punjab,  on  the  Dor,  about  10 
miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Indus,  in  lat.  34°  4'  N., 
Ion.  72°  53'  E. 

Haripur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hurreepoor. 

Hari-Rud,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Herri-Rood. 

Har'ker's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co..  111. 

Hark'ness,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Au  Sable  Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 

Har'lan,  a  southeastern  county  of  Kentucky,  borders 
on  Virginia.  Area,  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and  is  drained 
by  the  Cumberland  River,  which  rises  in  this  county,  and 
by  the  Clover  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
here.  Capital,  Harlan.  Pop.  in  1870,  4415;  in  1880, 
5278;  in  1890,  6197. 

Harlan,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  border- 
ing on  Kansas.  Area,  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital, 
Alma.     Pop.  in  1876,  2140;  in  1880,  6086;  in  1890,  8158. 

Harlan,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Harlan,  or  Mays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co., 
Ind.,  14  or  15  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  planing-mills. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Harlan,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  936. 


Harlan,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Harlan  township,  on  the  West  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on 
the  Harlan  Branch  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Avooa.     It  has 

7  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 

8  high  school,  a  harrow-factory,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1765. 
Harlan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  in  Houston 

township,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  36 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Beloit.     It  has  a  church. 

Harlan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harlan  co.,  Ey.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  100  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of 
Lexington. 

Harlan,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  0. 

Harlan,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop.  2396.  It 
contains  Butlerville  and  Pleasant  Plain. 

Har'lansburg,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in 
Scott  township,  on  Slippery  Rock  Creek,  9  miles  E.  of  New 
Castle.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  chair-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  furniture. 

Har'law,  a  locality  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
memorable  for  a  great  battle  fought  between  the  High- 
landers under  the  Lord  of  the  Isles,  and  the  forces  under 
the  Earl  of  Mar,  in  1411. 

Harlebeke,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Haerlebeke. 

Harlech,  haR'lfin,  a  decayed  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Tre- 
madoc. 

Har'leeville,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.    P.  1314. 

Harlem,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Haarleu. 

Har'lem,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  planing-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  647. 

Harlem,  a  township  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.    Pop.  1243. 

Harlem,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  111.,  in  Har- 
lem township,  on  the  Kenosha  division  of  the  Chicago  <is 
Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grain-elevator.  The  township  is  bounded 
W.  by  the  Rock  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  781. 

Harlem,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  nearly  opposite  Kansas  City,  from  which  it  is 
li  miles  distant.  It  is  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road and  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Rail- 
road.    An  iron  bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 

Harlem,  a  former  town  of  New  York,  now  a  part  of 
New  York  City.  The  name  is  now  applied  to  that  part  of 
the  city  which  lies  between  8th  Avenue  and  the  East  River 
north  of  106th  street.    See  Harlem  Station. 

Harlem,  or  Harlem  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lee 
township,  Carroll  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 
It  contains  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Harlem,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  Pop.  1149.  It  contains  Centre 
Village. 

Har'lem,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  oo.,  Ontario,  26  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Brockville.     Pop.  150. 

Harlem  River,  New  York,  a  narrow  portion  of  tia«>- 
water,  which  separates  Manhattan  Island  from  the  main- 
land. It  communicates,  through  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek, 
with  the  Hudson  River  at  the  northern  end  of  that  island 
(which  is  nearly  co-extensive  with  New  York  City),  and 
with  the  East  River  at  Hell  Gate.     Length,  about  7  miles. 

Harlem  Springs,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  Harlem. 

Harlem  Station,  a  post-office  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y., 
is  a  branch  of  the  New  York  post-office,  and  is  on  the  New 
York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  4^  miles  N.  of  the  Grand  Central 
Depot.    See  Harlem. 

Har'lemville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Harlensburg,  Lawrence  co..  Pa.    See  Harlansburg. 

Har'leston,  a  town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Bungay.     Pop.  1267. 

Har'ley,  or  Der'by,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brantford.     Pop.  100. 

Harleysville,  har'liz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Salford  township,  about  11  miles  N.  of 
Norristown.     It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Harlingen,  haR'ling-§n,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Friesland,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Leeuwarden.  It  is  well  built,  and 
intersected  by  canals.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  admi- 
ralty, a  large  parish  church,  and  the  town  hall.  The  manu- 
factures comprise  sail-cloth,  salt,  hollands,  paper,  and  bricks. 
English  steamers  leave  with  cargoes  of  cattle,  butter,  cheese, 
wool,  flax,  fruit,  and  vegetables.     Pop.  11,043. 

Har'ling^en,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  A  Bound  Brook  Rail- 
road, about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  42  miles  S.W. 


HAR 


1366 


HAR 


of  New  York  City,  with  a  station  on  the  Mercer  A  Somerset 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Harlowe,  har'lo,  a  post-oflSco  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C. 

Har'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Au  Gres 
township,  4  miles  S.  of  Alabaster.  It  has  2  lime-kilns  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Harman's,  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.    See  Harrman's. 

Har'mans,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.B.  of  Bowie  Junction. 

Harman's,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Gettysburg  to  Hanover  Junction,  8  miles  B.  of 
Gettysburg. 

Harman's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va.,  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Har'mar,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum 
River,  which  separates  it  from  Marietta,  and  on  the  Mari- 
etta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  100  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe. 
Steamboats  are  built  at  this  place,  which  has  also  several 
mills.and  factories.     Pop.  1511. 

Har'marville,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmelen,  haR'm§h-l§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
7  miles  W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Old  Rhine.     Pop.  1617. 

Harmersbach,  haR'm^rs-biK^,  Ober,  o'ber,  and  Un- 
TER,  dSn'tgr,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Baden,  on  a 
fltream  of  the  same  name,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Offenburg.  Pop. 
of  Ober-Harmersbach,  2156;  of  Unter-Harmersbach,  1687. 

Harmersbach,  a  populous  valley  of  Baden,  near  Zell, 
extending  about  17  miles  in  length. 

Har'mersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  6  or 
7  miles  S.  of  Salem. 

Harmok,  a  mountain  of  Asia.    See  Harahuk. 

Har'mon,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lee  oo..  111., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Amboy.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  642. 

Harmo'nious,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Har'monsburg,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township, 
•Crawford  co„  Pa.,  at  the  head  of  Conneaut  Lake,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  2  tanneries,  2  saw-mills,  &c. 

Har'mon's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Har'mony,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  111.  Pop.  1457. 
It  contains  Bentley. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  in  Coral 
township,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Harmony,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Van 
Buren  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  4  miles  E. 
of  Brazil.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  blast- 
furnace, 2  potteries  for  stoneware,  and  productive  mines  of 
good  block  coal.     Pop,  in  1890,  1020. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Wabash.     Pop.  2304.     It  includes  New  Harmony. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  734. 

Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harmony  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  Me.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  common  schools. 

Harmony,  a  village  of  Caroline  oo.,  Md.,  9  miles  from 
Federalsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is  at 
iBeallsville,  a  village  9  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  woollen-factorj'. 

Harmony,  a  post-township  of  Fillmore  oo.,  Minn., 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Preston.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  962. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Mo.  P.  1485. 

Harmony,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Mo.,  about 
75  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Harmony,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.    See  New  Gretna. 

Harmony,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  IJ  miles 
from  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmony,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mendham 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Morristown. 

Harmony,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Har- 
mony  township,  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  if 
•bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River.  Pop.  of  the 
'township,  1405. 

Harmony,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 


about  10  miles  W.  of  Jamestown.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Chautauqua  Lake,  and  intersected  by  the  Atlantic 
&  Great  Western  Railroad.  Pop.  3622.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Ashville,  Panama,  and  Watts  Flats.  Harmony 
Post-Office  is  at  Ashville. 

Harmony,  a  post-township  of  Clark  oo.,  0.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Springfield,  is  traversed  by  the  railroad  between  Colum- 
bus and  Springfield.     It  contains  Vienna  village.     P.  1821. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  773. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  225.     It  contains  Economy. 

Harmony,  a  post-borough  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  Cone- 
quenessing  Creek,  about  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  Zelienople.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  colle- 
giate institute,  a  machine-shop,  boiler-works,  tank-works, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  585. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River.     Pop.  1226. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1212.     It  contains  Brandt  and  Lanesborough. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Centredale  Station.     Pop.  60. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     P.  480. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Hycootee  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  1136. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Vernon  oo.,  Wis.  Pop.  100ft. 
It  contains  Newton. 

Har'mony,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  150. 

Harmony  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  u  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture  and  wagons.     Pop.  611. 

Harmony  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Line  Rail- 
road, 2J  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmony  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  about 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall. 

Harmony  Tillage,  a  post-bamlet  of  Middlesex  oo., 
Va.,  25  miles  E.  of  West  Point. 

Har'nedsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Confluence  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Harnes,  hann,  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas -de- Calais, 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  2913. 

Har'nett,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cape  Fear  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little 
and  South  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In 
dian  corn,  cotton,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cape  Fear  & 
Yadkin  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Lillington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8895;  in  1880,  10.862;  in  1890,  13,700. 

Harnett  Court-House,  N.C.    See  Lillington. 

Ilar'ney,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about  46  miles 
N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Harney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harney  co.,  Oregon, 
in  a  wool-  and  cattle-growing  region,  about  90  miles  S.W. 
of  Baker  City. 

Harney,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Laramie.  Ele- 
vation, 7857  feet. 

Harney  Lake,  Oregon,  is  in  Wasco  co.,  and  is  about 
10  miles  long.     It  appears  to  have  no  outlet. 

Harney's  Peak,  the  highest  summit  of  the  Black 
Hills,  is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  South  Dakota,  near  lat.  43°  62' 
N.  and  Ion.  103°  3.'^'  W.  Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  7403  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  nucleus  is  granitic,  and  its 
sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine. 

Harnish  Islands,  Red  Sea.    See  Arroe  Islands. 

Haro,  &'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Logrono,  near  the  Ebro.  Pop.  6594,  who 
manufacture  hats,  brandy,  liqueurs,  and  leather. 

Haroe,  hi'rb^^h,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway.     Lat.  62°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  30'  E. 

Har'old,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Ouachita  River,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hot  Springs.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Harold,  a  post- village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  160. 

Har'old's  Cross,  a  village  of  Ireland,  forming  a 
suburb  of  Dublin,  about  1  mile  S.  of  Dublin  Castle. 

H^romsz6k,  h&^Rom^ssek',  a  county  of  Hungary,  in 


HAR 


1367 


HAR 


Transylvania,  of  which  it  forms  the  S.E.  angle,  having 
Roumania  on  the  E.  and  S.  Area,  1369  square  miles.  It 
is  a  mountainous  region.     Pop.  125,881. 

Harpanhalli,  India.    See  Harponellt. 

Har'per,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  about  810  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  several  tributaries  of  the  Arkansas  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  almost  desti- 
tute of  forests.  Capital,  Anthony.  Pop.  in  1880,  4133 ;  in 
1890,  13,266. 

Harper^  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sigourney  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Washington.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  253. 

Harper^  a  post-hamlet  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Anthony.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  public 
schools,  and  4  newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  1579. 

Harper,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Har'per,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  1  miles 
W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Har'per's,  a  post-oflBce  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Harpers,  a  post-ofiice  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C. 

Harper's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Chatham 
CO.,  N.C. 

Harper's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of 
Lansing. 

Harper's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  River,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  a  church. 

Harper's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Shenan- 
doah, and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Valley  Branch,  81  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
normal  school,  called  Storer  College,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  and  pulp-mills.  The  Potomac  here  passes  through  a 
gorge  in  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  place  is  remarkable  for  the 
beauty  of  its  scenery,  and  has  been  the  theatre  of  memorable 
events.  On  the  16th  of  October,  1859,  John  Brown  the 
abolitionist  surprised  the  place  and  captured  the  United 
States  arsenal,  but  he  was  overpowered  and  taken  prisoner 
on  the  next  day.  During  the  civil  war  Stonewall  Jackson 
attacked  a  Union  army  which  occupied  Harper's  Ferry  and 
was  commanded  by  General  D.  H.  Miles.  After  a  brief 
cannonade.  Miles  surrendered  on  the  15th  of  September, 
1862,  and  the  victors  took  11,583  prisoners.  The  arsenal 
and  armory  were  burned  by  the  military  in  April,  1861. 
The  railroad  here  crosses  the  Potomac  by  a  bridge.  Pop, 
in  1890,  958, 

Har'persfield,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Harpersfield  township,  4  miles  N,AV.  of  Stamford  Sta- 
tion, and  about  52  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  hilly  and  fertile.  It  includes 
part  of  Stamford  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1454. 

Harpersfield,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  3 
miles  from  Geneva.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  1120. 

Harper's  Home,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Brunswick  co,,  Va, 

Harper's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth,  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Harper's  Mills,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Pendleton  co.,  W,  Va., 
about  50  miles  W.N.W,  of  Harrisonburg,  Va, 

Harper's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ross  co,,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  17  miles  W,  of  Chillicothe, 

Har'persville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co,,  Ala., 
about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Harpersville,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  9i 
miles  N.  of  Forest.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Stonewall  In- 
stitute, a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harpersville,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N,Y,,  in 
Colesville  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
carriages,  and  ploughs.     Pop.  218. 

Har'peth,  a  river  in  the  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
rises  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Williamson  co.,  and,  flow- 
ing N.W.  through  Cheatham  co.,  enters  Cumberland  River 
from  the  left  hand,  in  Dickson  co.  Its  length  is  about  90 
miles.  A  small  creek,  called  West  Harpeth,  flows  into  the 
river  about  6  miles  below  Franklin.  Another,  called  Little 
Harpeth,  enters  it  on  the  right  bank,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Nashville. 


Harp  Island,  Low  Archipelago.    See  Bow  Island. 

Har^ponel'ly,  Har^ponhnl'ly,  or  Har^pan- 
hal'li,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  60  miles  S.AV.  of 
Bellary.     Pop.  7895. 

Harpoot,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Karpoot. 

Harpstedt,  haRp'stJtt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hoya.     Pop.  1194. 

Harp'ster,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  on  the  Gilman, 
Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Gibson. 

Harps'well,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  com- 
prising a  peninsula  and  some  islands  in  Casco  Bay,  14  miles 
E.  of  Portland.  It  is  a  pleasant  summer  resort,  and  has  an 
insurance  company  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1749. 

HarpsAVell  Centre,  post-office,  Cumberland  co..  Mo. 

Harran,  haR-Rin'  (the  Haran  of  Scripture;  anc.  Car'rx 
or  Char'rse),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalio  and  83 
miles  S.W.  of  Diarbekir. 

Harrar,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Hurruh. 

Har'reldsTille,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Har'rell,  a  post- village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  at  Whigham  Station,  15 'miles 
E.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  pine  lumber,  rosin,  and  turpentine. 

Har'rell's,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  479. 

Harrell's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson  oo.,  N.C, 
14  miles  W.  of  Duplin  Roads  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  rosin  and  turpentine. 

Har'rellsville,  a  post-village  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C, 
about  33  miles  N.  of  Plymouth,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the 
Chowan  River.     Pop.  of  Harrellsville  township,  1743. 

Har^rican'aAV,  a  river  of  Canada,  rises  in  a  small 
lake  about  lat.  49°  65'  N.  and  Ion.  77°  30'  W.,  and,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  about  270  miles,  falls  into  James's  Bay  at 
Hannah  Bay-house. 

Harries,  har'riz,  a  station  in  Montgomery  oo.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Dayton. 

Harrietstown,  har're-§t8-t5wn,  a  township  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  N.Y.,  among  the  Adirondacks.  Pop.  491.  It  con- 
tains Mt.  Seward,  the  Lower  Saranac  Lake,  &c. 

Harrietsville,  har're-^ts-vil,  a  post-village  of  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  20  miles  N.  by  E,  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrietsville,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  S.  of  Dorchester  Station.  It  contains  a  largo 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  120. 

Har'rigan  Cove,  a  post-settlement  in  Halifax  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  91  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  250. 

Har'riman,  a  post-village  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Oakdale.  It  has  10  churches,  3  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  sugar-works,  coke-ovens,  Ac.     Pop.  716. 

Har'rington,  a  seaport  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Whitehaven.     Pop.  of  parish,  2294. 

Har'rington,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  64  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  an  institute,  7  churches,  a 
bank,  a  basket-factory,  phosphate-works,  and  lumber-mills. 

Harrington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macbias. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  canning-factory. 
Large  vessels  are  built  here.      Pop.  of  the  township,  1150. 

Harrington,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  state  line  of  New  York,  and  on  tho  B. 
by  the  Hudson  River.     Pop.  2664.     It  contains  Closter. 

Harrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C,  about 
34  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Harrington  Fast,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co., 
Quebec,  16  miles  N.W,  of  Gronville.    Pop.  100. 

Harrington  Inlet,  East  Australia,  receives  the  Man- 
ning River,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Port  Macquarie, 

Harrington  West,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  On- 
tario, on  a  branch  of  the  Thames,  7  miles  S.  of  Stratford. 
It  contains  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cabinet- 
factory.     Pop.  130. 

Har'ris,  or  Her'ries,  a  district  and  parish  of  the 
Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  forming  a  peninsula,  comprising  tho 
S.  part  of  the  island  of  Lewis  and  small  neighboring  islands. 
Area,  about  90,000  acres,  mostly  mountainous.  Pop.  4120. 
The  Sound  of  Harris  is  a  navigable  strait,  9  miles  in 
length  and  from  8  to  12  miles  in  breadth,  separating  this 
peninsula  from  North  Uist,  and  studded  with  rocks  and 
islets.    See  Hebrides. 

Har'ris,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  423  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Mulberry  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts.    Eozoic  rooks  underlie  the  N.  part  of  this  oountT* 


BAR 


1368 


EAR 


It  is  traversed  by  the  Georgia  Midland  *  Gulf  Railroad 
and  the  Columbus  &  Rome  Railroad,  the  latter  communi- 
cating with  Hamilton,  the  capital.  Pop.  1870,  13,284;  in 
1880,  15,758;  in  1890,  16,797. 

Harris,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  Galveston  Bay,  is  intersected  by  the  San  Jacinto 
River,  and  also  drained  by  BuflFalo  Bayou  and  Cypress  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  woodlands;  the  soil  is  partly  alluvial,  and  fertile. 
Cattle,  cotton,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Seven  railroads  meet  in  this  county, — viz.,  the  Gulf,  Colo- 
rado <k  Santa  F§,  the  Southern  Pacific,  the  Houston,  East 
&  West  Texas,  the  San  Antonio  <fc  Aransas  Pass,  the 
Texas  Western,  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central,  and  the 
International  &  Great  Northern.  Capital,  Houston.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,375;  in  1880,  27,985;  in  1890,  37,249. 

Harris,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.  Pop.  1029.  It 
contains  Marietta. 

Harris,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  line.     Pop.  408. 

Harris,  a  station  in  Madison  co,  Ky.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Harris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chicago  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Lake  Superior  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  2  stores. 

Harris,  Cooper  co..  Mo.    See  Harbiston. 

Harris,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Gault.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Harris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  Raccoon 
Creek,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.  Pop.  2190.  It 
contains  Elmore. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1999.  It 
contains  Boalsburg  and  the  state  agricultural  college.  Post- 
office,  State  College. 

Harris,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  631. 
It  contains  Harrisville. 

Har'risburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  22  miles 
I7.N.E.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Poinsett  co., 
Ark.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  canning-factory,  a  cotton- 
gin,  Ac. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  oo.,  Cal.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  San  Jos6. 

Harrisburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  oo..  111.,  on  the  Qray- 
ville  &  Mattoon  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Newton.  Here  is 
Rose  Hill  Post-Office. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  111., 
on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  a  fine  court-house,  6  churches,  a  public  school,  2 
banks,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  brick-  and  tile-fac- 
tory, a  hoop-factory,  a  planing-mill,  and  4  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  934;  in  1890,  1723. 

Harrisburg,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Harrisburg,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  920. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  3i  miles 
from  Owenton,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Sparta  Station.  It  contains 
a  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  Owen  College  (non-sectarian 
and  for  both  sexes),  which  was  chartered  in  1870. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  about  7  houses. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.     Pop.  816. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Cabarrus 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Charlotte.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  N.D.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Lakota. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Frankljn  co.,  0.,  on 
Darby  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  211. 

Harrisburg,  a  village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school. 
Pop.  107.     Here  is  Barry  ville  Post-Office. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Eugene  City.  It 
has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  newspaper,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
the  Harrisburg  College.     Pop.  in  1890,  413. 


Harrisburg,  a  city,  capital  of  Pennsylvania  and  of 
Dauphin  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  £.  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  106  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia, 
85  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  and  120  miles  N.  of  Washington. 
Lat.  40°  16'  N. ;  Jon.  76°  60'  W.  It  is  on  the  Pennsylvania 
and  Northern  Central  Railroads,  and  is  the  N.E.  terminus 
of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia, 
Harrisburg  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  which  connect  with  the 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad.  Three  railroad  bridges  here  cross 
the  river,  which  is  1  mile  wide  and  flows  through  picturesque 
scenery.  The  capitol,  a  brick  edifice,  is  located  on  an 
eminence  in  a  park  of  16  acres,  and  contains  the  state 
library,  of  about  40,000  volumes.  The  city  has  a  govern- 
ment building,  a  court-house,  50  churches,  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Lunatic  Hospital,  a  state  arsenal,  a  general  hospital,an 
opera-house,  3  academies,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks, 
and  2  handsome  public  monuments.  Four  daily  and  12 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  prosperity  of 
this  city  is  largely  derived  from  manufactures,  for  which  its 
position  is  very  favorable,  as  it  has  ready  access  to  coal- 
and  iron-mines.  Here  are  several  blast-furnaces,  rolling- 
mills,  plate-mills,  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  and  manu- 
factories of  Bessemer  steel,  railroad-cars,  carriages,  boilers, 
cotton  goods,  bricks,  Ac.  Harrisburg  is  the  see  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop.  It  became  the  capital  of  the  state  in 
1810,  and  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1860.  Pop.  in 
1850,  7834;  in  1860,  13,400;  ki  1870,  23,104;  in  1880, 
30.762;  in  1890,  39,.385. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Buffalo  Bayou,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Houston.  It  has 
several  churches,  3  lumber-mills,  and  a  machine-shop. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on 
Staunton  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has 
a  church.     Here  is  Cub  Creek  Post-Office. 

Har'risburg,  a  post-village  in  Brant  oo.,  Ontario,  at  a 
railway  junction,  19  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  200. 

Harrisburg  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Harris  City,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind. 

Harris  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Bowne  township,  about  20  miles  S.E  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harris  Creek,  Amherst  co.,  Va.    See  Burpord'i. 

Harris'  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Wood  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Harris  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  111.,  2i 
miles  from  Belle  River. 

Harris  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Murray. 

Harris  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clarence  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Clarence  Centre.  It  has 
a  church. 

Harris  Lot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  oo.,  Md.,  near 
the  Potomac  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Pope's  Creek  Station. 

Harris  Mills,  Rhode  Island.    See  Harristille. 

Har'rison,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  ao 
area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  N.W.  by  Blue  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  Indian  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly, 
and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Near  the  Ohio  River 
are  hills  called  the  "  Knobs."  Nearly  half  of  the  county  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Large  caverns  occur  in  the  carboniferous  limestone  which 
underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital  Corydon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,913;  in  1880,  21,326;  in  1890,  20,786. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering 
on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  about  605  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Boyer  and  Soldier  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  por- 
tion of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Sioux  City  A  Pacifio 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Capital,  Logan.  Pop.  in  1870,  8931;  in  1880,  16,649;  in 
1890,  21,356. 

Harrison,  a  northeastern  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  315  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Licking  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork 
of  that  river.  The  suriace  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone,  a 
good  material  for  building,  underlies  this  county,  which  ia 


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intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Cynthiana.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,993;  in  1880,  16,604;  in 
1890,  16,914. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  drained  by  Biloxi  and  Wolf 
Rivers  and  Red  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy 
and  sterile.  The  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad  passes 
Along  the  Southern  border  of  this  county,  running  through 
Mississippi  City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6795 ;  in 
1880,  7895;  in  1890,  12,481. 

Harrison,  a  northern  county  of  Missouri,  borders  on 
Iowa.  Area,  about  730  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  also  drained  by  Big 
Creek  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber,  with  which  this  county  is  lib- 
erally supplied.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad, 
which  communicates  with  Bethany,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,636;  in  1880,  20,304;  in  1890,  21,033. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
■of  about  405  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Stillwater  and 
■Conotten  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  valleys  and 
hills  of  moderate  height,  which  are  arable  even  on  their 
summits.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wool,  hay, 
wheat,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mines  of  bitu- 
minous coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Cadiz.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,682; 
in  1880,  20,456  ;  in  1890,  20,830. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  bordering 
on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Caddo  Lake  and  Big  Cypress  Bayou, 
and  on  the  S.  by  Sabine  River.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad  and  the  Paris,  Marshall  &  Sabine  Pass  Railway, 
both  of  which  pass  through  Marshall,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,241  ;  in  1880,  25,177;  in  1890,  26,721. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  464  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Fork  of  Monongahela  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Elk  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills  and 
fertile  valleys.  Nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad  and  the  West  Virginia  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  It 
has  productive  mines  of  coal.  Capital,  Clarksburg.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,714;  in  1880,  20,181;  in  1890,  21,919. 

Harrison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Ark., 
about  125  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  public  high  school,  5  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  tin-ware,  flour,  buggies,  &c.     Pop.  1438. 

Harrison,  a  post- village  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Pecatonica  River,  about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rockford. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1228.     It  contains  Bethany. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1680.     It  contains  Montpelier. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1209. 
It  contains  New  Brunswick. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1171. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.W., 
W.,  and  S.W.  by  Eel  River.     Pop.  2241.     It  contains  Martz. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1084. 
It  contains  Glen  Dale. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  line.     Pop.  1086. 

Harrison,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  9  or 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Muncie.     Pop.  1400. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1655. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  867. 
It  contains  Harrisburg. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3462. 
It  contains  Corydon. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1888. 
It  contains  Cadiz. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  807. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S. 
and  E.  by  the  White  River.     Pop,  2812. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1745.     It  contains  Palestine. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Por.  1202. 
It  contains  Auiboy. 
87 


Harrison,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  bonncled 
N.W.  by  the  White  River.     Pop.  378. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  451. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ind.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Tippecanoe  River.     Pop.  753. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1977 
It  contains  Fulda  and  St.  Meinrad. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  769.     Post-offices,  Beechy  Mire  and  Clifton. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash. 
Pop.  870,  exclusive  of  Terre  Haute. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  580, 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2961. 
It  contains  Blufiton,  the  county  seat, 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Adair  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  590. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Cedar  River.     Pop.  540. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  441. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  Boyer  River,     Pop.  376,  exclusive  of  Dunlap. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  in  1876, 
1017.     It  contains  Primrose, 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co,,  Iowa,  Pop. 
1249.     It  contains  a  part  of  Muchachinock. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.    P.  621. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas,  40  miles 
from  Edgar,  Neb.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     P.  472. 

Harrison,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  in 
Harrison  township,  at  the  N.  end  of  Long  Pond,  about  25 
miles  W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  3  churches,  lumber- and  gran- 
ite-mills, and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1071. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md,,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Nanticoke  River,  2  miles  from  Williamsburg 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clare  co,,  Mich., 
15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Farwell.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper-office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  762. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Harrison  township,  on  Diamond  Lake,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Atwater.     Pop.  of  the  township,  655. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  681. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1438. 
It  contains  Goshen. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     P.  949. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.     P.  1220. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1093. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Montana, 
about  25  miles  above  the  Three  Forks  of  the  Missouri 
River.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1545.  It  contains  Harrisonville,  Mickleton,  JefiFerson, 
MulHca  Hill,  Ac. 

Harrison,  or  East  New'ark,  a  city  of  Hudson  co., 
N.J.,  on  'the  Passaic  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western,  and  New  "Sork,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroads,  opposite  Newark,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  Catholic  institute,  and  manufactures  of  electric  in- 
candescent lamps,  cotton-thread,  cutlery,  wire  cloth,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  8338. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harrison  township,  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  24  miles  N.E,  of  New  York,  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1485, 

Harrison,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  915. 
It  contains  New  Harrisburg. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop. 
935.     It  contains  Spring  Hill. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1996. 
It  contains  Hollansburg  and  New  Madison. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1267. 

Harrison,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Whitewater  River,  at  the  boundary 
between  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  brushes,  bricks,  furniture,  woollen  goods, 
sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1690. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  township  of  Harrison,  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2391. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  traversed  by 
the  Maumee  River.     Pop.  3-19. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  622. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     Pop.  1224. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  0.     Pop.*  1049. 


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Harrison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2116,  exclusive  of  Dayton. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1197.     It  contains  Taylorsrille. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the  In- 
diana line.     Pop.  304. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.  Pop.  1202.  It 
contains  McGluney, 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.  Pop.  1271. 
It  contains  South  Bloomfield. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.  Pop.  2294.  It 
contains  Euphemia  and  Lewisburg. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Ross  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1160.  It 
contains  Mooresville. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.  Pop.  1032.  It 
contains  Harrisonville. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on  the  In- 
diana line.     Pop.  1319. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  782. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1870. 

Harrison,  a  post- village  of  Douglass  co.,  S.D.,  8  miles 
direct  W.N.W.  of  Grand  View.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  common  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  250. 

Harrison,  a  decayed  post-village  of  James  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  16 
miles  N.B.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  several  churches.  Coal 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  421. 

Harrison,  a  station  on  tne  Waco  Branch  of  the  Hous- 
ton &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waco,  Tex. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  bounded 
S.  by  Winnebago  Lake.     Pop.  1884. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  traversed  by 
the  Platte  River.     Pop.  1049. 

Harrison  Bay,  in  Alaska,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  is 
between  lat.  70°  20'  and  70°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  160°  and  162° 
30'  W.,  bounded  E.  and  W.  by  Point  Berens  and  Cape 
Halkett. 

Har'risonbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Catahoula 
parish,  La.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Natchez,  Miss.,  and  about  60  miles  N.E.  of 
Alexandria.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  217. 

Harrisonburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  the  fertile  Shenandoah  Valley,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton,  and  63  miles  S.S.W.  of  Win- 
chester. It  is  connected  with  these  towns  by  a  branch 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  8  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  a 
foundry,  a  pottery,  a  brick-factory,  2  planing-mills,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  shovels,  shoes,  tan-bark,  cigars, 
and  cigar-boxes.     Pop.  in  1890,  2792. 

Harrison  City,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Penn  township,  1^  miles  from  Manor  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  extensive  coal-  and  gas-works.    P.  about  300. 

Harrison's  Landing,  a  point  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
James  River,  in  Charles  City  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  below  City 
Point.  It  was  a  place  of  strategic  importance  during  the 
war  of  1861-65. 

Harrison's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Mo. 

Harrison's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Harrison  Square,  a  former  post-village  of  Suffolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Shawmut  &  Milton  Branch,  ^  miles  S.  of  the  initial 
station  in  Boston.  It  has  16  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  high 
school.  Its  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston  post-office, 
and  it  forms  the  24th  ward  of  Boston. 

Harrison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Tallahatchee  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 
of  Grenada.     It  has  2  churches. 

Harrison  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  33 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lawrenceville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Har'risonvill  e  ( Asbury  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Troup 
eo..  Ga.,  5  miles  W.  of  Hoganville.     It  has  4  churches. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  30  miles  below  St.  Louis. 

Harrisonville,  a  village  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.  See 
Trinity  Springs. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Kansas,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Bagdad.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cass  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas 
Railroad,  65  miles  W.  of  Sedalia,  and  about  38  miles  S.S.E. 


of  Kansas  City.  It  has  6  churches,  a  court-hG'j.«e,  a  higb 
school,  3  newspaper  offices,  3  banks,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  bridge-  and  iron-works,  <tc.     Pop.  1645. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Harrison  township,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Camden.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in 
Scipio  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Pomeroy.  It  has 
2  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Harrisonville,  a  hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Harrison 
township,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  « 
church  and  2  stores.     Here  is  Scioto  Post-Office. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  on 
Licking  Creek,  28  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  store,  a  cabinet-shop,  Ac. 

Harris's  Corner,  New  Brunswick.  See  Bouhoart 
Creek. 

Harris  Station,  a  post-office  on  the  Nashrille  A  De- 
catur Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Decatur,  Ala. 

Harris  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Paducah.     It  has  2  churches. 

Har'riston,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  A  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.  of  Watson. 

Harriston,  a  post-office  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  at  Harris 
Station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  14  mile* 
S.W.  of  Boonville. 

Har'riston,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Maitland  River,  and  on  the  Wellington, 
Grey  A  Bruce  and  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railways,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Elora.  It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  4  hotels,  20  stores,  2  saw-mills,  2  sningle-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  2  cabinet-factories,  2  foun- 
dries, agricultural  works,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Har'ristown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  4 
miles  S.  of  Naas.     Pop.  of  parish,  535. 

Har'ristown,  a  post-village  of  Maoon  oo..  111.,  in  Uar- 
ristown  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  984. 

Harristowu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wushington  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Salem. 

Har'risville,  a  village  of  Woodstock  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  3  miles  from  Putnam  Station,  and  1  mile 
from  the  post-village  of  South  Woodstock.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  warp  and  twine.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  beautiful 
Roseland  Park. 

Harrisville,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Winchester,  and  about  25  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Harrisville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alcona  co., 
Mich.,  in  Harrisville  township,  and  on  Lake  Huron,  about 
80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  fine  public  school-house,  and 
a  large  manufactory  of  pine  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  987. 

Harrisville,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co..  Miss. 

Harrisville,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Harrisville  township,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
2  churches,  common  schools,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  of  the  township,  748. 

Harrisville,  a  village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Wading  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It 
has  a  paper-mill. 

Harrisville,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Diana 
township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Oswegatchie  River, 
about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.  It  is 
on  the  border  of  a  wilderness  of  great  extent. 

Harrisville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Harrisville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  private 
bank.     Pop.  258. 

Harrisville,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.  Pop.  1182. 
It  contains  Lodi. 

Harrisville,  a  post-borough  in  Mercer  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  A  Alleghany  Railroad,  about 
46  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  26  miles  S.W.  of  Oil  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  ploughs, 
stoves,  Ac,  and  is  the  terminus  of  3  pipe-lines  for  oil. 
Pop.  352. 

Harrisville,  or  Harris  Mills,  a  village  in  Coventry 
township,  Kent  co..  R.I..  on  the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  4  churckes,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen 
yarns,  and  machinery.     Pop.  574 


HAR 


1371 


HAR 


Harrisville,  a  village  in  BurrillTille  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad, 
21i  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods.  Here  and  in  the  vicinity  are  4  churches. 
Pop.  605. 

HarrisTille^  a  post-hamlet  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  about  45 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  store. 

Harrisville^a  post- village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Ogden,  and  3  miles  from  the  Wahsatoh  Mountains. 
It  has  a  church. 

Harrisville  (post-office,  Ritchie  Court- House),  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  North  Fork 
of  Hughes  River,  and  on  the  Pennsborough  &  Harrisville 
Railroad,  about  25  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Parkersburg,  and  1  or 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Asphaltum  and  petroleum 
have  been  exported  extensively  from  this  county.   Pop.  140. 

Harrisville^  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Montello  River  (which  affords  much  water-power),  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harr'man's  (or  Har'man's)  Station,  a  post-office 
of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  & 
Lafayette  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Har'rodsbnrg,  a  post- village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  Clear  Creek,  near  Harrodsburg  Station 
of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles 
8.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  washing-machine  factories,  Ac. 

Harrodsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mercer  co., 
Ky.,  is  situated  near  Salt  River,  on  the  Louisville  Southern 
Railroad,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Frankfort,  and  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Lexington.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  is  a  summer  re- 
sort, and  contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  an  institution  called  Daughters'  College,  sev- 
eral churches,  and  manufactories  of  flour,  tobacco,  jean, 
whiskey,  Ac.  This  place  was  first  settled  in  1773,  and  is  said 
to  be  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  3230. 

Har'rod's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Harrod's  Creek  & 
Westport  Railroad,  8  miles  from  Louisville.    It  has  a  church. 

Har'rogate,  a  town  and  one  of  the  principal  water- 
ing-places of  England,  co.  and  27  miles  W.  of  York,  at  a 
railway  junction.  It  consists  of  two  villages.  High  and 
Low  Harrogate.  Here  are  numerous  hotels  and  boarding- 
houses,  several  churches,  a  hospital,  a  branch  bank,  theatres, 
libraries,  promenade-  and  assembly-rooms,  a  race-course, 
and  springs  of  chalybeate,  sulphur,  and  saline  waters. 
The  sulphur  well  has  been  used  since  the  end  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  chiefly  in  cases  of  scrofula  and  cutaneous 
eruptions.     Pop.  in  1891,  13,917. 

Har'rold,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Bedford.     Pop.  of  parish,  1042. 

Har'rold,  a  post-village  of  Hughes  co.,  S.D.,  42  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pierre.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  167. 

Harrold's  Cross,  Ireland.    See  Harold's  Cross. 

Har'row-on-the-Hill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  finely  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  high  hill,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  London.  It  contains  many  good 
houses,  ancient  and  modern,  and  has  a  picturesque  old 
church,  and  a  grammar-school,  one  of  the  most  famous  in 
England,  which  was  founded  by  John  Lyon,  a  wealthy 
yeoman,  in  1571.     Pop.  4997. 

Har'rowsmith,  or  Pike's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Kingston  <fc  Pembroke 
Railway,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  300. 

Harsany,  hiR^shSfi',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Bihar, 
9  miles  from  Grosswardein.     Pop.  1200. 

Harsany,  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagy,  nSdj,  two  nearly  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya,  3  miles  from 
Siklos.    Pop.  of  Kis-Harsany,  470 ;  of  Nagy-Harsany,  1330. 

Harseeu,  or  Harsin,  haR-seen',  a  village  of  Persia, 
in  Irak-Ajemee,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Kermanshah.     Pop.  1800. 

Harsefeld,  haR's^h-fSlt*,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Stade,  on  the  Aue.     Pop.  1230. 

Harsewinkel,  haR's§h-*in^k§l,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  26  miles  E.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  1100. 

Har'shasville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in 
Oliver  townshijp,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hillsborough. 

Harsha'ville,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hanover  township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
a  church. 

Harsh'barger,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Harsh'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  on  Mad  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Dayton  and 
Springfield,  6  mile<<  N.E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 


Hart,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Savannah  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  staple  products  are  cotton,  grass,  and 
Indian  corn.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  of  Georgia 
Railroad  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  both  of 
which  communicate  with  Hartwell,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6783;  in  1880,  9094;  in  1890,  10,887. 

Hart,  a  county  in  the  W,  central  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  and  also  drained  by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  rounded  or  conical  hills  of  moderate 
height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone,  a  good  mate- 
rial for  building,  is  abundant  in  this  county,  and  several 
caves  are  found  in  it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Mnnford- 
ville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,687;  in  1880,  17,133} 
in  1890,  16,439. 

Hart,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hart  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Pentwater 
River,  about  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Muskegon,  and  4  miles 
E.  of  Mears  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
sash-factory,  and  a  broom-handle  factory.  It  is  a  great 
fruit-growing  section,  and  abounds  in  pine  lumber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  757 ;  of  the  township,  1841. 

Hart,  a  post-township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Winona.     Pop.  945. 

Harta,  or  Kis  Harta,  kish  haR'tdh,  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  56  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Danube.   Pop.  2921. 

Harta,  or  Hartha,  haa'ti,  a  town  of  Saxony,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Leipsio.     Pop.  2754. 

Hartenstein,  haR't^n-stlne^  a  town  of  Saxony,  near 
the  Mulde.     Pop.  2606. 

Hart'field,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Hart'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Connecticut, 
bordering  on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  738 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Farmington,  Scan  tic,  and  Hocka- 
num  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. The  valley  of  the  Connecticut  is  remarkable  for  the 
beauty  of  its  scenery  and  the  fertility  of  its  soil.  Tobacco, 
butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  important  manufactures  of  hardware,  paper, 
woollen  goods,  silk  goods,  fire-arms,  sewing-machines,  Ao. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  <fc  New  England,  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  Hartford  &  Connecticut 
Valley,  and  Central  New  England  &  Western  Railroads, 
all  of  which  communicate  with  Hartford,  the  capital  of 
the  county  and  also  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  109,007 ; 
in  1880,  125,382 ;  in  1890,  147,180. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  3  churches,  2  academies, 
and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Hartford,  a  noted  city,  the  capital  of  Connecticut,  and 
seat  of  justice  of  Hartford  co.,  was  permanently  settled  in 
1636  by  a  colony  of  one  hundred  persons  from  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  led  by  John  Hooker,  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in 
17S4,  and  in  1873  became  sole  capital  of  the  state,  having 
previously  divided  that  honor  with  New  Haven.  It  is 
situated  upon  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the 
head  of  navigation,  50  miles  from  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
by  rail  112  miles  N.E.  from  New  York  and  117  miles  W.S.W. 
from  Boston.  Lat.  41°  45'  59"  N. ;  Ion.  72°  40'  46"  W.  Ter- 
ritorially, it  extends,  with  the  river  as  its  E.  boundary,  about 
five  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  some  two  miles  back,  its  area 
being  10,570  acres  (16.5  square  miles).  Most  of  the  resi- 
dence portion  is  considerably  elevated  above  the  river  level, 
and  the  surface  is  somewhat  broken.  There  are  upwards 
of  300  streets  and  alleys,  some  of  which  run  parallel  with 
the  river  and  are  intersected  at  right  angles  by  those  pass- 
ing from  E.  to  W.,  while  others  are  very  irregular.  Main 
street  extends  from  the  N.  boundary  through  the  heart  of 
the  city.  On  this  street,  which  is  broad  and  several  miles 
in  length,  are  many  of  the  public  buildings  and  churches, 
and  also  a  large  number  of  the  retail  stores.  State  street 
extends  from  Main  street  to  the  river;  on  it  is  done  much 
of  the  wholesale  business ;  near  its  junction  with  Main 
street  it  divides  into  two  parts,  enclosing  the  public  square, 
in  which  are  the  new  post-office  and  the  old  state-house. 
Asylum  street  passes  westward  to  the  principal  railroad 
station,  and  is  the  seat  of  important  wholesale  and  retail 


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business.  Facing  this  street  is  the  city's  most  attractive 
feature, — Bushnell  Park, — which,  including  the  former  site 
of  Trinity  College,  embraces  a  tract  of  about  60  acres,  with, 
as  its  central  figure,  upon  a  commanding  eminence,  the 
capitol  or  state-house,  built  of  white  marble  in  the  modern 
Gothic  style.  This  building  is  295  feet  long,  189  feet  deep, 
and  2o6  feet  in  height,  and  was  completed  for  occupancy  in 
1878  at  a  cost  of  $2,600,000.  Other  noteworthy  edifices 
are  Trinity  College  buildings,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  city ; 
the  Memorial  Arch,  at  one  of  the  park  entrances;  St. 
Joseph's  Cathedral,  consecrated  in  1892 ;  Hosmer  Hall,  the 
home  of  the  Hartford  Theological  Seminary ;  the  high 
school,  the  post-office,  the  county  court-house,  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  building,  those  of  the  Phoe- 
nix, Hartford,  and  Exchange  banks  and  the  "  Society  for 
Savings,"  while  the  insurance  interests  are  prominent  in 
the  massive  structures  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  and  ^tna 
Life,  the  Traveller's  Life  and  Accident,  and  the  Hartford, 
^tna,  Connecticut,  Phoenix,  and  National  Fire  companies. 
Hartford  has  58  churches  and  chapels  (12  Congregational, 
9  Episcopal,  9  Baptist,  6  Methodist,  6  Roman  Catholic,  and 
others),  18  banks,  including  6  trust  companies,  4  savings- 
banks  and  several  private  banking  institutions,  Trinity 
College  (Episcopal),  founded  in  1823,  the  Hartford  Theo- 
logical Institute,  and,  besides  an  excellent  public  school 
system,  a  large  number  of  private  schools  of  high  grade. 
It  has  a  free  public  library  of  .36,000  volumes,  and  in  the 
same  building,  the  Wadsworth  Athenaeum,  the  Watkinson 
free  reference  library  of  44,000  volumes;  besides  these  are 
the  libraries  of  Trinity  College  (34,000  volumes)  and  the 
theological  seminary  (45,000  volumes).  The  American 
Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  founded  in  1816,  is  lo- 
cated here,  also  a  retreat  for  the  insane,  a  large  hospital, 
old  people's  home,  orphan  asylum,  and  inebriate  asylum. 
Hartford  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  3 
convents  and  several  parochial  schools.  Four  daily  and  16 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  besides  a  number  of 
monthlies  and  quarterlies,  devoted  to  special  interests. 
More  capital  is  employed  in  the  insurance  business  in  this 
city  than  in  any  other  of  its  size  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  8  fire  insurance  companies,  with  aggregate  assets  of 
over  $30,000,000,  and  many  life  insurance  companies,  the 
assets  of  the  6  leading  ones  reaching  $125,000,000.  Its 
manufacturing  industries  give  employment  to  about  6000 
men  and  over  1500  women,  disburse  nearly  $4,000,000 
annually  in  wages,  and  turn  out  an  annual  product  of 
$14,500,000.  Fire-arms  (Colt's  pistols,  Gatling  guns,  Ac), 
steam-engines,  boilers,  bicycles,  sewing-machines,  hard- 
ware, machinists'  tools,  carriages,  silver-plated  ware,  type- 
setting machines,  belting,  envelopes,  and  pumps  are  among 
the  foremost  of  these.  A  large  amount  of  Hartford  capital 
is  invested  in  manufactories  at  Collinsville,  Willimantic, 
South  Manchester,  Thompsonville,  and  Windsor  Locks. 

Hartford  has  a  paid  fire  department,  an  electric  fire- 
alarm  and  police  telegraph,  and  a  water  supply  from  a 
system  of  six  reservoirs,  with  an  aggregate  capacity  of 
over  2,200,000,000  gallons,  with  an  auxiliary  supply  when 
needed  from  the  Connecticut  River,  obtained  by  powerful 
pumping  engines.  These  water- works  cost  about  $1,900,000. 
This  city  is  a  central  market  for  tobacco,  which  is  the  staple 
product  of  the  fertile  Connecticut  valley.  It  is  the  head 
of  steamboat  navigation,  and  communicates  with  New  York 
City  by  a  daily  line  of  steamboats.  It  is  also  the  port  of 
entry  for  the  customs  district  of  Hartford,  its  collections 
exceeding  $250,000  per  annum.  The  lines  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  and  New  York  &  New  England 
Railroads  pass  through  the  city,  which  is  also  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  the  Valley  division  of  the  first-named  road,  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the  New  England, 
and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  New  England  division  of  the 
Reading  system,  formerly  the  Connecticut  Western.  Street 
railways  occupy  the  leading  thoroughfares,  and  connect  the 
city  with  East  Hartford,  Glastonbury,  Wethersfield,  and 
West  Hartford.  Pop.  in  1830,  9789;  in  1850,  13,656;  in 
1870,  37,743;  in  1880,  42,553;  in  1890,  53,230. 

'Hartford,  a  village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  in  Sterling 
township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
ba^el-factory.    P.  about  300.    Here  is  English  Post-Office. 

Hartrord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lauehery 
Creek,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Rich- 
land township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  1  or 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  pottery,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  295 
XT  **»'**"'^d»  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  and  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri. 


Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Emporia.  It 
contains  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  441. 

Hartford,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ohio  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
Rough  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Beaver  Dam  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  95  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop  in  1890,  740. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in  Hart- 
ford township,  on  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central  Railroad, 
56  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  tannery.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  996. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Mioh.,  in 
Hartford  township,  on  the  Paw  Paw  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Benton  Harbor,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Paw  Paw.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2 
grain-elevators,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  staves. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1044;  of  the  township,  1789. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.,  in  Hart- 
ford township,  20  miles  S.  of  Motley.    Pop.  of  township,  760. 

Hartford,  a  township  of  Pike  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1683. 

Hartford,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo..  Mo. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Camden  and  Mount  Holly,  5  miles  W. 
of  the  latter. 

Hartford,  or  North  Hartford,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Hartford  township,  about  14  miles 
S.  of  Whitehall,  and  54  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  about  300.  The  town- 
ship contains  South  Hartford  village,  and  a  pop.  of  1816. 

Hartford  (Buffalo  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  oo., 
0.,  in  Valley  township,  1  mile  from  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg 
&  Cleveland  Railroad,  and  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fco. 

Hartford,  or  Cro'ton,  a  post-village  of  Licking  oo., 
0.,  in  Hartford  township,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage- 
shop.  Here  is  Croton  Post-Office.  Pop.  229  ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1017. 

Hartford,  a  post- village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Hart- 
ford township,  about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Youngstown.  It 
is  3  miles  S.  of  Burghill  Station  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  and  an  aoademio  in- 
stitute. It  is  often  called  Hartford  Centre.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1314. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  on  Wnite  River,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad 
and  the  Woodstock  Railroad,  60  miles  S.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  chair-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  boxes,  carriages,  and  farming-implements.  The  town- 
B\\ip  contains  two  other  villages, — White  River  Junction 
and  Quechee.     Total  pop.  3740. 

Hartford,  or  Hartford  City,  a  post-village  of  Ma- 
son CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  3  miles  above 
Pomeroy,  0.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  salt 
and  bromine.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  446. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Rubicon  River,  37  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1296;  of  the  township,  1339. 

Hartford,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  sea-coast,  6  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  150. 

Hartford  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Blackford 
CO.,  Ind.,  is  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  47  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Port  Wayne,  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It 
has  8  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  washing-machines,  window 
glass,  machinery,  stationary  engines,  hubs,  &c.     Pop.  2287 

Hartha,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Harta. 

Harthan,  han'tSw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  on  a  railway, 
4  miles  S.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1629. 

Harthau,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline,  two  adjacent 
villages  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Bautzen,  about  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Dresden.     United  pop.  797. 

Har'thegig,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co..  Pa. 

Hart'ington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  co.,  Neb., 
73  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  6  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  brick- 
yards.    Pop.  about  500. 

Hart'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bideford.  It  has  a  large  church,  and  a  quay 
about  2  miles  distant,  on  the  Bristol  Channel.  Near  it 
is  Hartland  Abbey,  now  a  modern  mansion;  and  about  2 
miles  to  the  N.W.  is  Hartland  Point  (anc.  Her'culU  Pro- 


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numto'rium),  a  lofty  promontory,  forming  the  S.  entrance  of 
the  Bristol  Channel,  in  lat.  51°  1'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  31'  W. 

Hart 'land,  a  township  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
Massachusetts  line,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  Pop.  789. 
It  contains  Hartland  Centre,  and  East  and  West  Hartland. 

Hartlandy  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  McHenry  co., 
111.,  in  Hartland  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Hartland,  a  hamlet  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa,  in  Hartland 
township,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mason  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  631. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  in  Hart- 
/and  township,  on  the  Sebasticook  River,  at  the  outlet  of 
Moose  Pond,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  an 
academy,  3  churches,  a  door-,  sash-,  and  blind -factory,  a 
woollen-mill,  2  tanneries,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  974. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hartland  township,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1105. 

Hartland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  in  Hartland  township,  on  the  Minneapolis  <fc  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  600. 

Hartland,  a  post- village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.T.,  in  Hart- 
land township,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  BuflFalo,  and  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Lockport.  It  has  3  churches.  The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Johnson's  Creek.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 3235. 

Hartland,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Huron  co., 
O.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  953. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Hart- 
land township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It  has 
a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  2 
manufactories  of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  township,  1710. 

Hartland,  a  township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis,  Pop.  1170. 
It  contains  Esdaile. 

Hartland,  a  township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  918. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  in  Delafield  township,  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  near 
several  small  lakes.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

HartMand,  or  Becaguimec,  bSk^i'ghe^mek',  a  post- 
village  in  Carleton  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John 
River,  and  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  61  miles  above 
Fredericton,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  2 
stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  400. 

Hartland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Hartland  township,  8  miles  N.  of  New  Hartford 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  town  hall. 

Hartland  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Hartland  township,  2  miles  from  Hartland  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Hartlepool,  har't^I-poor,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Durham,  with  which  city  and  with 
Stockton  it  is  connected  by  railways.  It  is  situated  on  the 
S.  side  of  an  almost  insulated  promontory  on  the  North 
Sea,  and  has  some  fine  remains  of  feudal  fortifications,  a 
curious  church  in  the  early  English  style,  an  endowed 
school,  a  town  hall,  several  branch  banks,  a  chalybeate 
spring,  and  a  harbor  with  some  of  the  largest  docks  in 
England,  which  is  defended  by  strong  batteries.  It  has  a 
large  export  trade  in  coals,  and  imports  much  Baltic  prod- 
uce, wools,  and  other  staples.  It  belonged  to  the  Norman 
family  of  Brus,  or  Bruce,  until  the  thirteenth  century, 
when  by  their  accession  to  the  Scottish  throne  they  for- 
feited their  English  possessions.  Pop.  21,521.  West  Har- 
tlepool, 1  mile  W.,  on  the  North-Eastern  Railroad,  was 
founded  in  1847,  and  contains  a  custom-house,  several 
churches,  theatre,  athenaeum,  mechanic's  institute,  market- 
house,  and  extensive  docks  for  coal,  timber,  and  merchan- 
dise. It  has  an  active  trade  with  the  Baltic  ports  of 
Dantzic  and  St.  Petersburg,  and  with  Hamburg,  Antwerp, 
Rotterdam,  Ac.  Chief  industries,  iron-ship-building,  iron- 
founding,  and  cement-making.     Pop.  in  1891,  42,492. 

Hartleton,  har't'l-t9n,  a  post-borough  of  Union  co.. 
Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Sunbury,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the 
Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad.  It  has  a  tan- 
nery, 3  stores,  2  churches,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  261. 

Hart'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
on  the  North  Sea,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  North  Shields. 
It  has  an  excellent  harbor.     Pop.  1118. 

Hart'ley,  a  post- village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Sheldon.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  519. 


Hartley,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa. 

Hartley,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Montgomery  oo,, 
Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad. 

Hartley,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  7i 
miles  N.  of  Cambray.     Pop.  150. 

Hartley  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Hart'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  io 
Trimble  township,  17  miles  E.  of  Logan.   It  has  2  churches 

Hart  Lot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eldridge  township,  Onon- 
daga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Skaneateles  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  manufactures  of 
paper,  lime,  Ac.     It  is  also  called  Skaneateles  Junction. 

Hart'man,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Columbia  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Madison  &  Portage  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Portage  City. 

Hartmanitz,  haRt'm&-nit8\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  360. 

Hartmannsdorf,  haRt'm3,ns-doRr,  a  village  of  Sax- 
ony, on  a  railway,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  3069. 

Hart'man's,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Frederick 
Junction. 

Hart'monsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W. 
Va.,  15  miles  S.  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church. 

Har'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D.,  35  miles 
from  Canby,  Minn. 

Har'tranft,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.E,  of 
Norristown. 

Hart'ridge,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga. 

Hart'ridgeville,  a  post-office  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga. 

Harts,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Harts'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgecombe  co., 
N.C,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Tarborough.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Harts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  111.,  in  Orvil 
township,  on  the  Pekin  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hartsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Tiffin  and  Fort  Wayne,  15  miles  S.  of  Defiance. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  handles  for  axes,  &c. 

Harts'dale,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,on 
the  Harlem  division  of  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  New  York  City. 

Hart'sel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co..  Col.,  on  the  Colo- 
rado Midland  Railway,  69  miles  W.  of  Colorado  Springs. 

Hart'sell's,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  New  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  normal  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  596. 

Hart's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 

now  SCHAGHTICOKE. 

Hart's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  C, 
about  44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  masonic  hall,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Harts'hill,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  3i 
miles  N.W.  of  Nuneaton.     Pop.  1057. 

Harts'horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wadena  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Wing  River,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Wadena. 

Hartshorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Graham. 

Hart's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  a  part  of 
Rye  township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.  It  was  employed  by 
the  United  States  for  hospital  and  other  military  purposes 
during  the  war  of  1861-65,  and  is  the  property  of  New  York 
City.     It  is  also  called  Spectacle  Island. 

Hart's  Mill,  a  post-namlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Big  Caney  Creek,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Sedan,  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

Hart's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Kendall.     Here  is  a  saw-mill. 

Hart's  Road,  a  post-office  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fernandina. 

Hart's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Harts'town,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.^  in 
West  Fallowfield  township,  3  miles  from  Evansburg  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  188. 

Harts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
on  Clifty  Creek,  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here  is  Hartsville 
College,  which  was  organized  in  1851  and  is  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  United  Brethren.     Pop.  433. 

Hartsville,  a  post-village  in  New  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  a  church. 


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llartsville,  Dutchess  oo.,  New  York.    See  Millbrook. 
llartsville^  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Man- 
Ilu.<  township,  2  miles  from  Fayetteville. 

llurtsville,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.     Pop. 
964.     It  oontains  the  hamlet  of  Purdy  Creek. 
Ilartsvillc,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 
llartsville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  War- 
minster township,  on  the   Northeast  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
roatl,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 
Hartsville,  a  post-office  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C. 
Hartsviile,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trousdale  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  42 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville.    It  has  several  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  654. 

Hart'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Gasconade  River,  near  its  source,  25  miles  E.  of 
Marshfield,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
court-house,  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  district 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Hartville,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Lake 
township,  12  miles  N.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Hart'well  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Hartwell)  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  &  Cincinnati    Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1507. 
Hart'wellville,  a  post-office  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich. 
HartAvellville,  Vermont.     See  Heartwellville. 
Hart' wick,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  417. 
Hartwick,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hart* 
wick  township,  on  Otego  Creek,  about  68  miles  W.  of  Al- 
bany, and  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  cheese-box  factory. 
Pop.  about  450.     The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Susquehanna  River.    Pop.  1894. 

Hartwick  Seminary,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  5i  miles  S.  of  Coopers- 
town,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Hartwick  Station  of  the  Cooperstown 
&  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad.  Here  is  the  Hartwick 
Theological  Seminary  (Lutheran),  which  was  organized  in 
1816.     The  village  has  a  church  and  about  20  houses. 

Hart'ivood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sullivan  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Monticello  <fc  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
of  Monticello.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  50. 
Hartwood,  a  post-office  of  Stafford  co.,  Va. 
Uartz,  a  range  of  mountains.     See  Harz. 
Har'vard,  a  thriving  post-village  of  McHenry  co..  111., 
in  Chemung  township,  is  finely  situated  at  the  intersection 
of  three  divisions  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
63  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford, 
and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Janesville,  Wis.     It  has  5  churches,  a 
malt-house,  railroad  repair-shops,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  farm-machinery,  wagons, 
carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890, 1967. 

Harvard,  a  post-village  in  Harvard  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Worcester  <fc  Nashua  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Nashua  River,  and  has 
picturesque  scenery.  Here  is  a  community  of  Shakers. 
Po^  of  the  township,  in  1880,  1253;  in  1890,  1095. 

Harvard,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  is  near  the 
West  fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  81  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S. 
of  Lincoln,  and  46  miles  E.  of  Fort  Kearney.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  1076. 

Harvard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about  44  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  2  saw-mills. 
Harvard  University,  Mass.    See  Cambridge. 
Har'vel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,   111.,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Litchfield.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 
Har'vester  Works,  post-office,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn. 
Har'vey,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kansas. 
Area,  510  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Arkansas  River,  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad.     The  surface  is  mostly  level ;  about  94  per  cent 
of  It  is  prairie.     The  soil  is  fertile.    Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Newton.     Pon. 
in  1875,  5406;  in  1878,  8107;  in  1880,  11,451;  in  1890 
17.601.  ' 

Harvey,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Oskaloosa 
division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad 
10  miles  E.  of  Knoxrille. 


Harvey,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  406. 

Harvey,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  847. 
It  contains  Cedarville. 

Harvey,  a  post-village  in  Chocolay  township,  Mar- 
quette CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Mar- 
quette.    It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Harvey,  a  township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  470. 

Harvey,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis. 

Harvey,  a  post- village  in  Albert  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salisbury.     P.  150. 

Harvey,  New  Brunswick.    See  Harvey  Station. 

Harvey  Hill  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  oo., 
Quebec,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Leeds.  It  contains  productive 
copper-mines.     Pop.  200. 

Harvey's,  a  station  on  the  Columbus  &  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

Harvey's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  grist-mill, 

Har'veysburg,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind., 
13  miles  S.  of  Covington,  and  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory. 

Harveysburg,  a  post-village  in  Massie  township, 
Warren  co.,  0.,  on  Caesar's  Creek,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Corwin 
Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  6 
churches  and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  402. 

Harvey's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  oo.,  Iowa. 

Harvey's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Front  Royal.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Harvey  Station,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Frederioton  Junction 
(Blissville).     Pop.  200. 

Harvey's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa. 

Har'veyrille,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas. 

Harvey ville,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Huntington  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Shickshinny.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Har'viell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad  (Arkansas  di- 
vision), 8  miles  S.  of  Poplar  Blufif.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
general  stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 

Har'well,  a  station  in  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Naah villa 
&  Decatur  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Pulaski. 

Harwich,  h4r'rldj,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Essex,  on  a  point  of  land  at  the  estuary  of  the  Stour,  10 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manningtree.  The  chief  buildings  are 
the  town  hall,  jail,  custom-house,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
baths,  grammar-school,  and  a  handsome  modern  church. 
The  harbor  is  among  the  best  on  the  E.  coast  of  England, 
and  is  defended  by  a  strong  fort  and  battery.  Some  ship- 
building is  carried  on,  and  the  town  is  a  resort  for  sea- 
bathing. It  has  large  manufactures  of  cement.  It  is  of 
Saxon  origin,  and  was  incorporated  in  1318  by  Edward  II. 
Harwich  sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
6079.  The  name  Harwich  is  derived  from  two  Saxon  words, 
— here,  signifying  "  army,"  and  toic,  a  "  fortification." 

Har'wich,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Harwich  township,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  (Cape 
Cod  division),  84  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  national  bank. 
It  is  partly  supported  by  the  fisheries  and  the  culture  of 
cranberries.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  It  has  6  churches,  and  contains  other  vil- 
lages, named  Harwichport  and  South  Harwich.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  2734. 

Har'wich,  or  MacKay's  Corners,  a  post-village  ir 
Kent  CO.,  Ontario,  9i  miles  S.  of  Thamesville.     Pop.  100. 

Har^wichport',  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
in  Harwich  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  2  miles  from 
Harwich  Centre  Station,  and  about  48  miles  E.  of  New 
Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

Har'winton,  a  post-village  in  Harwinton  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Naugatuck  River, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  1044. 

Har'wood,  a  post-township  of  Champaign  co..  111., 
with  a  station  on  the  Havana,  Rantoul  <fc  Eastern  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.  of  Rantoul.  Pop.  of  township,  779. 
Harwood,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  0. 
Harwood,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.  of  Kingsbury,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Gonzales.  It  has  a 
masonic  hall  and  3  stores. 

Har'wood,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rice  Lake,  and  on  the  Cobourg,  Peterborough  & 
Marmora  Railway,  16  miles  N.  of  Cobourg.     It  has  cn-a. 


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munication  by  steamer  with  Peterborough  and  other  ports, 
and  contains  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  2  hotels.    Pop.  400. 

Har'wood  Island,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-land- 
ing of  Chicot  CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Harz,  or  Hartz,  haRts  (anc  Syl'va  Hercyn'ia),  a 
mountain-system  of  Northwest  Germany,  mostly  between 
lat.  51°  35'  and  51°  57'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  10'  and  11°  30'  E. 
With  its  ramifications  it  is  estimated  to  cover  1350  square 
miles  between  the  Elbe  and  the  Weser.  Its  culminating 
point  is  the  Brocken,  lat.  51°  48'  11"  N.,  Ion.  10°  36'  30" 
E.,  3740  feet  above  the  sea,  N.W.  of  which  are  several  other 
heights,  of  little  less  eloTation.  Its  geological  composition 
is  granite,  overlaid  by  graywacke  and  clay  slate,  and  it 
affords  a  great  amount  of  lead,  besides  much  iron,  and  some 
copper,  arsenic,  sulphur,  and  silver.     See  Brocken. 

Harzbnrg,  haRts'bSfiRO,  a  village  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  and  27  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Brunswick. 

Harzdorf,  haRts'doRf,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bohemia,  about  3  miles  from 
Rachenberg.     United  pop.  2959. 

Harzgerode,  haRts'gh§h-ro^d?h,  a  town  of  Anhalt,  18 
miles  S.  of  Halberstadt.  Pop.  2761.  It  is  enclosed  with 
walls,  and  has  an  old  castle.  Near  it  are  silver-works, 
vitriol-works,  iron-mines,  the  baths  of  Alexisbad,  and  the 
ruined  castle  of  Heinrichsberg. 

Hasa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  river  Haase. 

Hasan-Dagh,  h&s's&n-d&g^  or  Hasan- Tag,  a 
mountain  of  Asia  Minor,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Argaeus,  and  85 
miles  N.E.  of  Konieh.  It  is  8000  feet  in  elevation,  and  of 
volcanic  structure. 

Hasanee,  Hasani,  Hassanee,  Hassani,  h&s'- 
&^nee\  or  Hassan,  h&s's&n\  an  island  of  the  Bed  Sea, 
near  its  E.  coast,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Yembo.  Lat. 
25°  4'  N.;  Ion.  37°  14'  E.     The  population  are  Bedouins. 

Hasan  Kaleh,  or  Hassan  Kaleh,  h&s's&n^  k&'l^h, 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Aras,  20  miles  E.  of 
Erzroom. 

Hasara,  Asia.    See  Astor. 

Has'ara,  or  Has'ra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Dacca.     Pop.  5707. 

Has'brouck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fallsburg  township,  on  the  Neversink  River,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  2  lumber-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  about  24  houses. 

Hase,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Haase. 

Hasek,  h&'sdk,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  in  Hadra- 
maut,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  opposite  the  Curia  Muria  Islands. 

Has'elton,  a  post-village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Lawrence  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  a  brick-yard  and  2  furnaces 
for  pig-iron. 

Haseliinne,  h&'zQh-lUn^n^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  on  the  Haase,  8  miles  E.  of  Meppen.     Pop.  1786. 

Hasenpoth,  h&'zQn-p6t\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Cour- 
tand,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Libau.     Pop.  3344. 

Hash'my's  Islands  (native,  ilfoA;or),  a  group  of  five 
low  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  5°  42'  N.,  Ion.  153° 
6'  E.,  connected  by  coral  reefs,  and  forming  a  lagoon  in- 
side. They  are  about  15  miles  in  circumference,  and  are 
covered  with  cocoanut-trees. 

Hash'uqua,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  16 
miles  W.  of  Shuqualak.     It  has  a  church. 

Hasikee,  Hasiki,  h&'se-kee\  or  Haski,  h&s'kee, 
the  westernmost  of  the  Curia  Muria  Islands,  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Arabia,  in  lat.  17°  27'  16"  N.,  Ion.  56°  40'  49"  E. 

Has'kell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas.  Area,  900 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  Dy  the  Brazos  River,  and 
also  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork  of  that  river.  Capital, 
Haskell.     Pop.  in  1880,  48;  in  1890, 1665. 

Haskell,  a  post-office  and  station  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind., 
at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  17  miles  S.  of  Michigan 
€ity.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Haskell,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Haskell  co.,  Tex., 
about  140  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  &c.     Pop.  745. 

Haskell  Flats,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y. 

Has'kins,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  near  the 
Maumee  River,  17  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  243. 

Has'kinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church. 

Haslach,  hisM&K,  a  river  of  Germany,  is  an  affluent  of 
the  Rodach,  in  Franconia. 

Haslach,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Miihl,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1693. 

Haslach,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Einzig,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1682. 


Haslach,  h&s'l&K,  Hohen,  ho'^n,  Mittel,  mit't^I,  and 
NiEDER,  nee'd^r,  are  contiguous  villages  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Neckar.     United  pop.  1215. 

Hasle,  h&s'l^h,  a  maritime  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Bornholm.     Pop.  423. 

Haslemere,  h&'z^l-meer,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Surrey,  8  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Godalming. 
Pop.  1049. 

Has'lett's,  a  township  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  946. 

Hasli,  h&s'lee,  Ober-Hasli,  o'b^r-h&s'lee,  or  Hasli- 
im-Weissland,  h&s'lee-im-^iss'I&nt,  a  bailiwick  in 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  comprehending  all  the  upper 
part  of  the  Aar  valley,  resting  on  the  Grimsel,  and  the 
glacier  of  the  Aar  from  its  sources  to  the  Lake  of  Brienz. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  loftiest  masses  of  the  Bernese  Alps. 
It  is  noted  for  its  natural  beauties ;  among  its  cascades  are 
those  of  the  Reichenbach,  Gentbach,  Handeckfall,  Gelmer- 
bach,  &c.     Pop.  6700. 

Has'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  in  Pan- 
tego  township,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tarborough. 

Haslingden,  h&s'ling-d^n,  a  market-town  and  chap- 
elry  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Bury.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  also  foundries  and 
coal-mines.     Pop.  7698. 

Has'lington,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on 
the  Manchester  <fc  Nantwioh  Railway,  2  miles  E.  of  Crewe. 
Pop.  1539. 

Has'lum,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad. 

Hasparren,  his^paR^Rftuo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Basses-Pyr6n6es,  11  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1573. 

Haspres,  hisp'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  2779. 

Hasra,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hasara. 

Hassan,  h&s's&n^  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Seringapatam. 

Has'san,  a  post- township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Crow  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.     P.  564. 

Hassan,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  0. 

Hassan  Abad,  his'sin'  i-bid'  ("abode  of  Hassan"), 
a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Kasbin. 

Hassan  Aga,  h3,s'8&n^  &'g&,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
near  the  Lake  of  Aboolonia,  W.  of  Brusa. 

Hassan  Batrik,  h&s's&n^  b&-treek',  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Malateeyah. 

Hassani,  or  Hassanee.    See  Hasanee. 

Hassan  Kaleh,  Turkey.    See  Hasan  Kaleh. 

Hassan  Oghlan,  h&s's&n^  og-l&n',  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  17  miles  E.  of  Angora. 

Hassan  Pasha  Palanka,  h&s's&n^  p&'sh&^  p&-l&n  - 
k&,  a  village  of  Servia,  27  miles  S.  of  Semendria. 

Hassard,  haz'zard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  oi. 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &,  Texas  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hannibal. 

Hasselfelde,  his's^l-ffird^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Brunswick,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Blankenburg.     Pop.  2419. 

Hasselt,  h&s's^lt,  a  town  of  Belgium,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Limbourg,  on  the  Demer,  at  a  railway  junction, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  11,361.  It  is  weU 
built,  and  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  lace,  and  to- 
bacco, with  gin-distilleries. 

Hasselt,  h&s's^lt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  6^  miles  N.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2440. 

Hasselt,  one  of  the  Loffoden  Islands,  in  Norway. 

Hasser,  a  town  and  fort  of  India.    See  AsEEnearR. 

Hassfurt,  h&ss'fdSut,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lowei 
Franconia,  on  the  Main,  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bam- 
berg.    Pop.  2500. 

Hassleben,  hiss'li-b^n,  a  village  of  Saxe- Weimar,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Gera.     Pop.  1315, 

Hassloch,  h&ss'loK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Homburg,  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Landau.    It  has  coal-works  and  several  mills.    Pop.  5069. 

Hassmersheim,  h&88'm9rs-hime\  a  village  of  Baden, 
on  the  Neckar,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1623 

Hastenbeck,  h&s't^n-b^k^,  a  village  of  Prussia,  ia 
Hanover,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hameln.     Pop.  400. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  borough  of  England,  and  one 
of  its  Cinque  Ports,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  the  English  Channel, 
at  the  E.  termination  of  the  South  Coast  Railway,  33  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brighton,  and  also  connected  by  branches  of 
railway  with  London,  Dover,  Tunbridge,  Ac.  The  town 
lies  mostly  in  a  hollow,  surrounded,  except  on  the  S.,  by 
cliffs,  and  consists  of  two  principal  streets;  many  of  the 
squares  and  terraces  are  remarkably  elegant.  Among  the 
public   buildings  are  2   ancient  parish   churches,   a  fina 


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1376 


HAT 


oaodem  ohuroh,  a  grammar-school,  a  town  hall,  a  jail,  cus- 
tom-house, union  workhouse,  assembly-rooms,  some  excel- 
lent hotels,  baths,  libraries,  a  fort,  and  the  remains  of  a 
castle  in  which  William  the  Conqueror  lodged  previous  to 
the  battle  of  Hastings.  The  town  formerly  had  an  exten- 
siire  trade,  but  is  now  chiefly  noted  as  a  bathing-place. 
Fisheries  and  boat-building  employ  many  hands.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  William  the  Con- 
queror landed  near  it,  and  the  decisive  battle  of  Hastings 
was  fought  in  1066,  7  miles  N.W.  of  the  town.  (See 
Battle.)     Pop.  in  1881,  42,256 ;  in  1891,  62,340. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  post- village  of  Mills  co,,  Iowa, 
on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  & 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Glenwood.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  322. 

Hastings,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Thornapple  River,  32  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lansing.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  6 
churches,  a  union  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  felt-boot 
factory,  a  furniture-factory,  a  halter-factory,  a  chair-  and 
table-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  2  or  3  saw-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash,  blinds,  &o.  The  river  affords  motive- 
power  at  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2972. 

Hastings,  a  city  and  railroad  terminus,  the  capital  of 
Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vermilion  and 
about  2  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River.  By 
railroad  it  is  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  21  miles  N.W. 
of  Red  Wing,  and  41  miles  E.  of  Shakopee.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  trains  of 
which  road  cross  the  Mississippi  here  on  a  bridge.  Hast- 
ings contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  3  flour-mills,  a  roller-mill, 
a  malt-house,  a  starch-factory,  several  machine-shops, 
steam  saw  mills,  manufactures  of  furniture,  beer,  cigars, 
wagons,  fanning-mills,  sash,  blinds,  &o.,  and  printing- 
offices  issuing  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  The  Ver- 
milion River  here  affords  abundant  water-power.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3705. 

Hastings,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Adams 
CO.,  Neb.,  97  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has 
churches  of  all  denominations,  several  banks,  a  court-house, 
an  asylum  for  the  insane,  a  beet-sugar  factory,  a  pickle- 
factory,  a  wire-  and  picket-fence  factory,  a  bridge-works,  3 
brick-yards,  &c.     Pop.  13,584. 

Hastings,  a  post-village  in  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Syracuse,  and 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Oneida  River,  and 
contains  villages  named  Central  Square  and  Caughdenoy. 

Hastings,  or  Hastings  upon  Hudson,  a  post- 
village  in  Greenburg  township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  Palisades,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  5 
churches,  steam  marble-works,  and  the  Hastings  Commer- 
cial and  Collegiate  Institute.  Pop.  about  1500.  Marble- 
quarries  have  been  opened  near  this  place.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Hastings  upon  Hudson. 

Hastings,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  0. 
Hastings,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  about  8 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  La  Jose.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  coal-mines. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Ontario,  has  an  area  of  2337  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Gold  is  found  in  it.  Chief 
town,  Belleville.     Pop.  in  1891,  59,229. 

Hastings,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.  See  Madoc. 
Hastmg's,  or  Crook's  Rapids,  a  post-village  in 
Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Trent,  24  miles  E. 
of  Peterborough,  and  25  miles  N.  of  Colborne.  It  has  unsur- 
passed water-power,  large  cotton-,  woollen-,  and  flour-mills, 
2  iron-foundries,  about  15  stores,  and  3  hotels.    Pop.  900. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  the 
entrance  to  which  is  Port  Macquarie,  192  miles  N.E.  of 
Sydney.     Lat.  31°  25'  45"  S.;  Ion.  152°  53'  54"  E. 
^    Hastings  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
m  Hastings  township,  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150 
Hastings  upon  Hudson.    See  Hastings. 
Hasty,  has'te,  a  post-office  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich. 
Haszprunka,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Hausbruwn. 
Hatborough,  hat'bur-riih,  a  post-borough  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  and  a  public 
library  of  7500  volumes. 


Hatch^echub'bee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Colum- 
bus, Ga. 

Hatch'er's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Quitman  oo.^ 
Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Georjte- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Hatch'et  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Hatchet  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla. 

Hatch  HoI'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in 
Amity  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Union.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

,  Hatchie  (hatch'ee)  or  Big  Hatchie  River  rises 
in  Prentiss  co..  Miss.,  and  after  a  short  course  passes  into 
West  Tennessee.  It  runs  northwestward  through  Harde- 
man CO.  and  nearly  westward  through  Haywood  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  Randolph,  Tipton  co.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  is  said  to  be  navigabla 
for  more  than  100  miles. 

Hatch's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co.,  Fla. 

Hatch's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind. 

Hatch's  Ranch,  post-office,  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mex 

Hatch'ville,a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Falmouth  township,  3  miles  E.  of  North  Falmouth  Station. 

Hat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  about 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Hat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laramie  oo.,  Wyoming, 
150  miles  from  Cheyenne.     It  has  a  brewery. 

Hat'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6J  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hertford,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  and  a  princely  mansion,  the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Salisbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  3998. 

Hat'field,  a  poat-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Hatfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hatfield  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 

4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northampton,  21  miles  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  2  miles  E.  of  Hatfield  Station  of  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  an  endowed  academy.  The 
township  contains  also  North  Hatfield  and  a  pop.  of  1600. 

Hatneld,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo. 

Hatfield,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hatfield  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  sash-factory, 

5  general  stores,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 
Pop.  about  400 ;  of  the  township,  1512. 

Hatfield,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hatfield,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  Tremont  Station,  34i 
miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Hatfield,  a  station  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green 
Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  46  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Hath'away,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn. 

Hathaz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Hadhaz. 

Hath'erleigh,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon,  9J 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Torrington.     Pop.  of  parish,  1684. 

Hatia,  an  island  of  Bengal.    See  Hattia. 

Hatien,  hlHee-is"',  the  most  southwesterly  province 
of  French  Cochin  China,  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Siam,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  China  Sea.  It  extends 
from  the  frontiers  of  Cambodia  on  the  N.W.  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  terminates  in  the  promontory  and  cape  of 
Cambodia.  The  chief  crops  are  rice,  sugar-cane,  betel,  mul- 
berry, areca,  and  oocoanuts.  Pop.  117,362.  The  capital, 
Cancao  (which  see),  is  sometimes  called  Hatien  or  Hatian. 

HatMey,or  Charleston,  also  called  East  Hatley^ 
a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Ayer's  Flats.     Pop.  300. 

Hatloe,  hit'lo'eh,  an  island  of  Norway,  63  miles  N.of 
Bergen.     Length  and  breadth,  about  4  miles. 

Hato  Viejo,  i'to  ve-4'Ho,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  lat.  6°  22'  N.,  Ion.  75* 
38'  W.,  between  4000  and  5000  feet  above  sea-level. 

Hatra,  the  ancient  name  of  Al-Hadhb. 

Hatras,  hiHris',  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Alighur, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coel,  with  a  fort  and  a  cotton-market 
Pop.  33,100. 

Hatria,  an  ancient  name  of  Adria. 

Hatria  Picena,  an  ancient  name  of  Atri. 

Hatschvie,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Gottschee. 

Hattem,  hit'tem,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2843. 

Hatten,  hitHftn*',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  8 
miles  S.  of  Weissenburg.     Pop.  1750. 

Hattenheim,  h4t't?n-hime\  a  village  of  Prussia,  on 
the  Rhine,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1172. 

Hat'teras,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.,  in  Hat 
teras  township,  on  Hatteras  Island.     Pop.  of  township,  673 

Hatteras,  Cape.     See  Capf  Hatteras. 


HAT 


1377 


HAU 


Hattersheim,  h&t'tQrs-hime^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  tlie  Rhine,  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elfeld,  on 
the  Taunus  Railway. 

Hattia^  or  Hatia^  h&t'tee^&,  an  island  of  Bengal,  at 
the  mouths  of  the  Ganges  and  Megna,  15  miles  in  length 
and  10  miles  in  breadth.  In  1876  the  island  was  submerged 
by  a  cyclone,  and,  out  of  a  population  of  54,147,  30,000 
persons  were  reported  to  have  been  destroyed. 

Hattieville^  hat'tee-vil,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  32  miles 
S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Hattingen,  hit'ting-^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 38  miles  W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr.  It  has 
manufactures  of  hardware  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  6682. 

Hattorf,  h&t'toRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  a 
few  miles  N.  of  Herzberg.     Pop.  1780. 

Hattville^  Prescott  co.,  Ontario.     See  Plantagenet. 

Hatvan,  hotVSn',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Heves, 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  4018. 

Hatzeg,  h5t^zfig',  or  Hotzing,  hot^zing',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  10  miles  S.  of  Hunyad.     Pop.  1100. 

Hatzfeld,  hits'filt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on 
the  Eder,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Biedenkopf.     Pop.  985. 

Hatzfeld  (Hun.  Zsomholy,  zhom^boP),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, in  Torontal,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Temesvar.     P.  6889. 

Haubourdin,  ho^booRM&u"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lille,  It  is  the  seat  of  varied 
manufactures.     Pop.  4054. 

Haubstadt,  hob'stat,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Evansville  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of 
Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  barrels,  ploughs,  and  wagons.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Haught's  (hawts)  Store^  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co., 
Tex.,  (5  miles  S.E.  of  Mesquite  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam-mill,  Ac. 

Haughville,  haw'vil,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind., 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  malleable- 
iron-works,  and  a  newspaper  ofl&ce.     Pop.  2144. 

Haugsdorf,  or  Gross  Haugsdorf^  groce  hSwgs'- 
doRf,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Pulkau,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  1825. 

Haui-Haui,  a  town  of  China.    See  Howi-Howe. 

Haukivesi,  how^ke-vi'see,  a  lake  of  Finland,  Isens  of 
Kuopio  and  Viborg,  22  miles  in  length  by  10  miles  in  breadth, 
having  the  town  of  Nyslott  at  its  S.  extremity. 

Haukivori,  how^ke-vo'ree,  a  village  of  Finland,  57 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kuopio. 

HaulboAVline^  Ireland.     See  Hawlbowline. 

Haulchin,  horshiNo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1200. 

Haunsdorf,  hSwns'doRf,  Obeb,  o'b^r,  and  Niedeb, 
nee'd^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages,  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2087. 

Haunstetteii)  hown'stStHen,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Swabia,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1193. 

Haunted  (hawn't^d)  House^  a  station  in  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  3i  miles  S.  of 
Middletown. 

Hauppauge^  hSp'pSg,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Islip  and  Smithtown  townships,  3  miles  N.  of  Cen- 
tral Islip  Station,  and  about  42  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  has  a  church,  3  stoi-es,  and  about  40  houses. 

Hauptwyl,  or  Hauptweil,  h6wpt'<^Il,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  li  miles  S.E.  of  Bischofszell.     Pop.  1335. 

Haupur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hapoor. 

Hauran,  a  district  of  Syria.     See  Haooran. 

Hausach)  hdw'z&K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig, 
4  miles  E.  of  Haslach.     Pop.  1276. 

Hausberge,  hows'bfiR-gh§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 4  miles  S.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser.     Pop.  1329. 

Hausbrunn,  hows'brSdn,  or  Haszprunka,  a  village 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  and  26  miles  from  Presburg.     P.  1450. 

Hauseii)  how'z^n  {i.e.,  "  houses"),  the  name,  or  part  of 
the  name,  of  many  villages  in  Germany  and  Switzerland. 

Hausen,  Ober,  o'ber,  and  Unter,  66n'ter,  two  villages 
of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  W.  of  Ettenheim ;  the  former  with 
2397  and  the  latter  with  1164  inhabitants. 

Hau'sertown,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Marion  township,  about  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Hausruck  (h6wss'r5ok)  Mountains,  in  Upper  Aus- 
tria, separate  the  basins  of  the  Inn  and  Ager. 

Haussa,  a  territory  of  Africa.     See  HonssA. 

Haussy,hos^see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cambrai,  on  the  Selles.     Pop.  3333. 

Hautefort,  hot^foR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pgrigueux.     Pop.  1777. 


Haute- Garonne,  h5t-g4Vonn'  ("Upper  Garonne"), 
a  department  of  France,  on  the  frontiers  of  Spain.  Area, 
2529  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  472,383.  Surface  very 
«levated  in  the  S,f  where  it  borders  on  the  highest  part  of 
the  Pyrenees,  the  contreforts  of  which  cover  a  considerable 
part  of  the  department.  Chief  rivers,  the  Garonne  and  its 
aflSuents.     The  Canal  du  Midi  traverses  the  department  for 

26  miles.  The  principal  mines  are  of  lead,  copper,  coal, 
antimony,  iron,  and  zinc;  excellent  marble  is  produced,  and 
there  are  numerous  mineral  springs  and  salt  marshes.  Cereal 
grain  and  wine  are  raised  much  beyond  consumption,  and 
form  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Lint,  hemp,  tobacco,  and 
oranges  are  grown.  An  active  transit  trade  is  carried  on 
with  Spain,  Capital,  Toulouse.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Saint-Gaudens,  Muret,  Tou- 
louse, and  Villefranche-de-Lauraguais. 

Haute-Ile,  hot-eel,  or  Hare  Island,  a  small  island 
of  Canada,  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Cape 
Chignecto. 

Haute-IjOire,  hSt-lwaR  ("  Upper  Loire"),  a  depart- 
ment in  the  S.E.  part  of  France,  formed  of  a  portion  of  the 
old  province  of  Languedoc.  Area,  1900  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1891,  316,735.  Surface  elevated  and  mountainous,  trav- 
ersed on  the  E.  by  the  C^vennes,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
mountains  of  Margerides,  which  unite  the  C6vennes  with 
the  mountains  of  Auvergne,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Forea 
Mountains.  Many  of  these  are  volcanic ;  culminating  point, 
Mont  Mezin,  in  the  C6vennes,  5794  feet.  The  department 
is  entirely  situated  in  the  basin  of  the  Loire,  by  which,  with 
its  affluents,  it  is  watered.  The  soil  is  poor,  and  agriculture 
is  in  a  backward  state.  Wine  is  raised  in  small  quantity 
and  of  an  inferior  quality.  Cattle-rearing  is  an  important 
branch  of  industry.  Silk-worms  are  extensively  reared. 
Chief  mineral  products,  coal,  antimony,  gypsum,  building- 
stone,  and  potter's  clay.  Capital,  Le  Puy.  The  department 
is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Brioude,  Le  Puy,  and 
Yssingeaux. 

Haute-Luce,  hot-liiss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Conflans.     Pop.  1271. 

Haute-Marne,  hot-maRn  ("Upper  Marne"),  a  de- 
partment of  France,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  old  province 
of  Champagne.  Area,  2385  square  miles.  Pop  in  1891, 
243,533.  Chief  river,  the  Marne,  which,  as  well  as  the 
Meuse  and  the  Aube,  rises  in  the  department.  It  is  trav- 
ersed in  the  E.  and  S.  by  the  mountains  which  separate  the 
Meuse  and  Rhone,  united  by  the  plateau  of  Langres  in  the 
N.E,  This  department  has  some  of  the  most  important  iron- 
mines  in  France.  Chief  industries,  mining  and  forging  of 
iron,  cutlery,  cotton-spinning,  and  weaving.  Capital,  Chau- 
mont.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Chaumont, 
Langres,  and  Vassy. 

Hauterive,  hot^reev',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dr5me, 

27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  448. 

Haute -Rivoire,  hot-reeVwaR',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Rh6ne,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1764. 

Hantes-Alpes,  hotz-ilp  or  hot-ilp  ("Upper  Alps"), 
a  department  of  France,  forming  part  of  the  S.E.  of  Dau- 
phin6  and  a  small  part  of  Provence.  Area,  2114  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  115,522,  Like  the  department  of 
Basses- Alpes,  it  is  covered  almost  throughout  by  enormous 
masses  of  mountains,  several  of  which  are  among  the  loftiest 
of  the  Alpine  range.  Mount  Pelvoux  is  in  this  department, 
and  its  culminating  peak,  called  the  Pointes  des  Arsines  or 
des  Serines,  is  13,442  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Capi- 
tal, Gap.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Gap, 
Brian^on,  and  Embrun, 

Hante-Saone,  hot-s5n  ("Upper  Sa6ne,"),  a  depart 
ment  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov 
inoe  of  Franche-Comt6.  Area,  2028  square  miles.  Pop.  Id 
1891,  280,856,  Surface  mountainous  in  the  N.E.,  where  it 
is  covered  by  ramifications  of  the  Vosges  Mountains ;  it  is 
watered  by  the  Sadne  and  its  numerous  affluents.  The 
soil  is  fertile ;  one-third  of  the  department  is  covered  with 
forests,  which  supply  excellent  timber  for  the  marine.  The 
minerals  comprise  iron  and  coal,  and  it  has  many  mineral 
springs ;  those  of  Luxeuil  are  much  frequented.  Chief  in- 
dustries, mining  and  the  manufacture  of  glass,  china,  cloths, 
straw  hats,  and  kirschwasser.  Capital,  Vesoul.  It  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissements  of  Gray,  Lure,  and  Vesoul, 

Haute-Savoie,  hot-siVwi'  ("Upper  Savoy"),  a  de- 

Eartment  in  the  S,E,  of  France,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  £. 
y  Switzerland,  and  having  the  Lake  of  Geneva  on  its  N. 
border.  Area,  1659  square  miles.  It  is  an  Alpine  region, 
containing  Mont  Blanc  and  other  high  mountains.  It  ha* 
considerable  mineral  wealth,  but  much  of  its  surface  is  in- 
arable.  Capital,  Anneoy.  It  is  divided  into  four  arron 
dissements.     Pop.  in  1891,  268,267. 


HAU 


1378 


HAV 


Hautes-Pyr6n6e8,  h5t-pee*ri^ni'  ("Upper  Pyre- 
tees"),  a  frontier  department  of  France,  composed  of  part 
»f  the  old  province  of  Gascony,  Area,  1730  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  225,861.  Surface  covered  by  the  ramifications 
of  the  Pyrenees,  enclosing  several  fine  valleys.  The  Adour 
and  its  affluents,  the  Arros  and  the  G^ave  de  Pau,  rise  in  the 
department.  The  mineral  springs  of  the  BagnSres,  Bar- 
rages, and  Cauterets  are  much  frequented.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile in  the  valleys,  but  the  grain-crop  is  insufficient  for  the 
wants  of  the  population.  The  chief  manufactures  are  those 
of  woollen  stuflfs,  crape,  glass,  leather,  <fco.  Here  are  quar- 
ries of  marble  and  mines  of  copper,  cobalt,  iron,  and  zinc. 
Capital,  Tarbes.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arron- 
dissements  of  Argel^s,  Bagndres,  and  Tarbes. 

Haute-Vienne,  hot-ve-finn'  ("Upper  Vienne"),  a 
department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed  of  parts  of  the 
old  province  of  Limousin.  Area,  2118  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1891,  372,878.  Surface  traversed  by  mountains,  the 
principal  chain  of  which  separates  the  basins  of  the  Loire 
and  Garonne;  highest  point  (Le  Puy  de  Vieux),  3200  feet 
in  elevation.  The  soil  is  infertile.  Horses,  cattle,  and  sheep 
are  extensively  reared.  The  minerals  comprise  tin,  lead, 
oopper,  coal,  and  porcelain-clay.  Chief  manufactures,  por- 
celain, cutlery,  and  paper.  Capital,  Limoges.  The  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Limoges,  Bellac, 
Roohechouart,  and  Saint- Yrieix. 

Hauteville^  hotVeel',  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
France,  the  principal  being  Hautbville-  (or  Hauttb- 
viiLE-)  LA-GiriCHARD,  hotVcel'-li-ghee^shaR',  8  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Coutances,  and  the  original  residence  of  Tan- 
cred,  the  founder  of  the  Norman  dynasty  in  South  Italy. 

Hautevillers,  hStVee^yaiR',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Marne,  12  miles  S.  of  Reims.     Pop.  886. 

Hautmont)  ho^m&N«',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  at 
a  railway  junction,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Maubeuge.  It  has 
manufactures  of  glass-ware  and  nails.     Pop.  6180. 

Hauto,  ho'to,  a  station  on  the  Nesquehoning  Valley 
Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Mauoh  Chunk,  Pa. 

Hautrage,  hoHr&zh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  9  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1550. 

Haut-Rhin,  h5-r8,N»  ("Upper  Rhine"),  a  frontier  de- 
partment of  France,  in  1871  retroceded  for  the  most  part 
to  Germany,  in  which  empire  it  forms  a  part  of  Upper  Alsace. 
The  remaining  portion  was  named  the  "  territory  of  Belfort," 
but  in  1878  the  name  Haut-Rhin  was  restored.  Present 
area,  232  square  miles.  Capital,  Belfort.  Pop.  68,600.  It 
now  has  but  one  arrondissement,  that  of  Belfort. 

Hauville,  hoVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  1391. 

Havana,  ha-van'a,  or  The  Havan'nah  (Sp.  La  Ha- 
bana,  IS,  d.-B4'n8,,  formerly  Carenae,  ki-ri'nis ;  Fr.  La  Ha- 
vane,  Ik  hiVin' ;  It.  Avana,  i-v&'ni),  the  capital  city  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  on  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  of  the  Morro,  23° 
9'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  82°  22'  W.  Pop.  about  230,000,  of  whom  one- 
seventh  were  formerly  free  colored  and  one-eighth  slaves. 
It  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  a  harbor  capable  of  hold- 
ing 1000  large  ships,  which  can  anchor  close  to  its  quays. 
The  entrance  is  defended  by  the  Morro  and  Punta  castles,  by 
a  strong  citadel,  and  by  the  walls  enclosing  the  city  proper, 
and  is  separated  by  a  fosse  on  the  land  side  from  its  arsenal 
and  the  suburbs  of  Salud,  Guadalupe,  Ac,  in  which  nearly 
half  of  the  population  reside.  Principal  edifices,  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  believed  to  contain  the  remains  of  Co- 
lumbus, governor's  house,  admiralty,  general  post-office, 
royal  tobacco-factory,  and  the  Gasa  real  de  heneficenda  (a 
charitable  institution).  The  city  has  numerous  churches, 
3onvent8,  and  schools,  a  university  with  medical  and  law 
schools,  museum  of  natural  history,  school  of  painting, 
economic  and  education  society,  printing-establishments, 
newspapers,  theatres,  a  dock-yard,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
The  cigars  made  at  Havana  have  universal  celebrity ;  it  has 
also  manufactures  of  chocolate,  woollen  fabrics,  and  straw 
hats,  and  is  the  most  important  commercial  city  in  the  West 
Indies.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  sugar,  tobacco, 
cigars,  molasses,  bees'-wax,  and  honey.  The  imports  are 
corn,  flour,  rice,  provisions,  cotton  goods,  timber,  wines, 
and  silks.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  the  United  States, 
Great  Britain,  Spain,  France,  and  Germany ;  but  a  consid- 
erable import  of  slaves  from  Africa  is  still  clandestinely 
maintained.  Steamers  ply  constantly  between  Havana  and 
New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore.  It 
is  connected  with  the  towns  in  the  interior  by  railways.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  the  colonial  authorities. 
Havana  was  founded  by  Velasquez  in  1511,  on  what  was  then 
called  the  Port  of  Carenas. 

Havaii'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles  B. 
of  Stewart's  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 


Havana^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Dl.,  in 
Havana  township,  on  the  B.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River, 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Spoon  River.  It  is  38  miles  by 
rafl  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E,  of  Lewiston, 
46  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  40  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  flour-mill,  and  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars, 
ploughs,  clothing,  grain-drills,  metal  roofing,  bricks,  ke. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2525;  of  the  township,  3510. 

Havana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  store. 

Havana,  or  Havanua,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Havana  township,  on  the  Winona  A 
St.  Peter  and  Iowa  k  Minnesota  Railroads,  5  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Owatonna.  The  township  has  2  churches.  Pop.  in 
1890,  791. 

Havana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  on  Grand 
River,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  drug-store. 

Havana,  a  post- village  of  Schuyler  oo.,  N.T.,  on  Cath- 
arine Creek,  in  Montour  township,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Elmira,  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Watkins.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  the 
Cook  Academy,  an  iron-foundry,  a  wheelbarrow-factory, 
a  grain-cradle  factory,  steam-engine-works,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  in  1890, 1751.  Catna. 
rine  Creek  flows  through  a  deep  narrow  valley  between  hills 
nearly  500  feet  high.  Here  are  magnetic  springs,  and  a 
remarkable  ravine,  called  Havana  Glen,  which  is  visited 
by  multitudes  of  tourists. 

Havana,  a  post- village  of  Huron  oo.,  0.,  in  Norwich 
township,  on  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  <fc  Newark  Railroad, 
23  miles  S.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  furniture. 

Havanna,  Hale  oo.,  Ala.    See  Havaha. 

Havanna,  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

Hav'ant,  a  market  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
on  Langston  Harbor,  with  stations  on  the  South  Coast  and 
Southwestern  Railways,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  2634. 

Have,  or  Le  Have,  l^h  h&v,  a  harbor  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  its  S.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Have  River,  48 
miles  S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Haveeza,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Haweeza. 

Havel,  h&'v^l,  a  river  of  North  Germany,  rises  in  the 
small  lake  of  Kabeliok,  in  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  and  join* 
the  Elbe  at  Havelberg.     Length,  180  miles. 

Havelberg,  h&'vQl-bdRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 4  miles  N.  of  Sandau,  on  an  island  in  the  Havel. 
It  has  a  ship-yard,  a  distillery,  and  manufactures  of  stock- 
ings and  beer.     Pop.  6908. 

Havelland,  ha'vel-l&nt,  a  district  of  Prussia,  in  the 
W.  part  of  Brandenburg,  consisting  of  the  two  circles  of 
East  Havelland  (area,  475  square  miles;  pop.  71,515)  and 
West  Havelland  (area,  627  square  miles ;  pop.  73,994).  The 
river  Havel  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  S.,  and  W. 

Hav'elock,  a  post- village  of  Cook  co.,  HI.,  at  Rose  Hill 
Station  on  the  Chicago  k  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  also  called  Lake  View.  Here  is  Rose 
Hill  Cemetery. 

Havel ock,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.     P.  80. 

Hav'elock,  or  New  "Tns'ket,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Tusket  River,  and  on  the  Annap- 
olis <fc  Yarmouth  Railway,  35  miles  from  Annapolis.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  many  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Havelock,  Pontiac  oo.,  Quebec.    See  Brtsok. 

Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Haven,  a  post-township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River.     Pop.  463. 

Haven,  a  post-township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.  P.  119. 

Ha'vensport,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  Canal,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  83. 

Hav'erford,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  surface  is  undulating.  Milk  is  the  staple 
product  of  the  farms.  The  township  contains  4  churches, 
several  cotton-mills,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1733. 

Haverford,  formerly  Haverford  College,  a  post 
village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Rail 
road.  Its  station  is  9  miles  W.N.W.  from  Broad  Street  Sta- 
tion, Philadelphia.  Here  is  Haverford  College,  which  ia 
under  the  direction  of  the  Orthodox  Friends  and  is  richly 
endowed.  It  was  founded  in  1833,  and  has  a  library  of  8750 
volumes.     It  is  located  in  a  park  of  75  acres. 

Hav'erford-West,  or  Hwlfordd,  hool'forrn,  a  bor- 
ough, and  county  of  itself,  of  Wales,  capital  cf  the  co.  of 


HAV 


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HAW 


Pembroke,  on  the  Cleddy,  opposite  Prendergast,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Milford.  It  has  3  parish  churches,  a 
grammar-school,  a  guild  hall,  county  jail,  custom-house, 
hospital,  lunatic  asylum,  workhouse,  the  remains  of  a 
castle  built  by  Gilbert  de  Clare,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and 
a  Jock-yard,  with  quays  admitting  vessels  of  100  tons  at 
spring-tides.  Cattle,  butter,  oats,  and  hard  coal  are  ex- 
ported. Imports,  timber,  coal,  and  groceries.  The  borough 
unites  with  Fishguard  and  Narberth  in  sending  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  6622. 

Haverhill  y  hav'^r-il,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Essex 
and  Suffolk,  at  a  railway  junction,  6^  miles  W.  of  Clare. 
Pop.  2451. 

Haverhill,  ha'v^r-il,  a  city  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is 
situated  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River, 
about  IS  miles  below  Lowell.  It  is  33  miles  N.  of  Boston 
by  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the 
river,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Lawrence.  A  bridge  over  the 
river  connects  this  city  with  Bradford.  Haverhill  contains 
about  17  churches,  5  national  banks,  a  high  school,  a  city 
hall,  a  public  library,  gas-works,  and  printing-oflBces  which 
issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  extensive 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  hats,  caps,  bricks,  and 
flannel.  The  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  is  the  prin- 
cipal business  of  the  place,  and  employs  about  10,000  men 
and  women.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  town,  which  is 
nearly  18  miles  from  the  ocean.  Pop.  in  1860,  9995;  in 
1870,  13,092;  in  1880,  18,472;  in  1890,  27,415. 

Haverhill,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Graf- 
ton CO.,  N.H.,  is  on  the  Connecticut  River,  in  Haverhill 
township,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Rail- 
road, 84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, an  academy,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  a 
paper-mill.  The  township  contains  also  North  Haverhill 
and  Woodsville.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  2545. 

Haverhill,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  above  Ports- 
mouth.    It  has  a  church,  general  stores,  <fcc. 

Hav'erstraw,  formerly  Warren,  a  post-village  of 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Haverstraw  township,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River  (here  called  Haverstraw,  or  Tap- 
pan,  Bay),  35  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  6  miles  below 
Peekskill.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  academy,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  oflBces,  a  public  school,  a  feed-mill,  electric- light- 
and  water-works,  Ac.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
bricks,  brick-machines,  and  baskets.  A  steamboat  plies 
between  this  place  and  New  York  and  between  Newburg 
and  Haverstraw.  Pop.  in  1890,  5170.  The  township  is 
partly  occupied  by  steep  and  rocky  peaks  of  the  Ramapo 
Mountains. 

Havilah,  hav'i-la,  a  post- village  of  Rem  co.,  Cal.,  ia 
near  the  Kern  River,  about  100  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Los 
Angeles.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Hav'ilaud  Hollow,  a  post-office  and  valley  of  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y. 

Hav'ilandsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  Ey., 
10  miles  S.  of  Falmouth.     Pop.  30. 

Hav'irdsville,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C. 

Haviza,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Haweeza. 

Havr6,  h&^'rd.',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaat,  5 
miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2000. 

Havre,  or  Le  Havre,  l§h  hiv'r,  formerly  Le  Havre 
de  Grace  (Fr.  pron.  hi'v'r  d^h  griss  or  i'v'r  d§h  griss ; 
L.  Por'tus  Gra'tise,  "  haven  of  grace"),  a  city  and  seaport 
of  France,  in  Seine- Inf^rieure,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  es- 
tuary of  the  Seine,  at  its  entrance  into  the  English  Chan- 
nel, 143  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  railway.  Lat.  49°  29'  16"  N.;  Ion.  0°  6'  9"  E.  ,  It  is 
surrounded  1^  ramparts  and  lofty  walls  crowned  by  a  par- 
apet and  adorned  by  a  finely-planted  alley.  The  fortifica- 
tions are  very  extensive  and  complete,  rendering  it  a 
fortress  of  the  first  class.  The  harbor  has  five  vast  basins, 
not  including  the  outer  port.  The  most  remarkable  build- 
ings are  the  church  of  Notre  Dame,  the  hall  of  exchange, 
the  arsenal,  custom-house,  the  h9tel-de-ville  (city  hall),  a 
magnificent  edifice,  2  theatres,  barracks,  and  2  light-houses 
on  Cap  de  la  H6ve.  Elegant  villas  cover  the  slopes  of  In- 
gouville,  which  may  be  considered  as  a  suburb  of  the  town. 
The  principal  institutions  are  a  school  of  navigation,  a 
school  of  geometry  as  applied  to  the  arts,  a  public  library, 
a  museum,  and  a  lyceum.  The  manufactures  consist  of 
steam-engines,  glass-ware,  cotton  goods,  flour,  linen,  earthen- 
and  stoneware,  paper,  lace,  oil,  refined  sugar,  cables,  and 
cordage.  There  are  also  breweries,  and  numerous  brick- 
and  tile-works.  A  government  tobacco-factory  employs 
600  workmen ;  and  from  the  building-yards  a  great  number 
of  sailing-vessels  and  steamers  are  fitted  out.     The  harbor 


of  Havre,  one  of  the  most  accessible  in  France,  is  entered 
by  a  narrow  channel,  formed  by  two  long  jetties  stretching 
from  E.  to  W.,  from  which  the  current  in  a  great  measure 
serves  to  remove  obstructions.  This  channel  leads  to  the 
outer  harbor  (avant-port),  an  irregular  expanse.  This  is 
occupied  by  great  numbers  of  coasters  and  other  small 
vessels.  Within  the  avant-port,  lined  with  fine  quays  and 
extensive  warehouses,  are  seven  spacious  basins  or  docks, 
capable  of  accommodating  600  large  vessels. 

Havre  is  the  port  of  Paris,  and  its  commerce  is  connected 
with  all  parts  of  the  world,  but  especially  with  America 
and  the  north  of  Europe.  It  imports  vast  quantities  of 
colonial  and  other  produce,  among  which  cotton  holds  a 
most  important  place.  Its  exports  consist  of  numerous  ar- 
ticles of  French  manufacture,  including  silks,  cottons, 
ironware,  plate,  mirrors,  furniture,  stained  paper,  bricks 
and  tiles,  provisions,  tools,  philosophical  instruments,  and 
agricultural  implements ;  also  wine,  liqueurs,  flour,  &,c.  In 
the  extent  of  its  foreign  commerce  Havre  ranks  next  to 
Marseilles ;  and  its  coastwise  trade  is  exceeded  only  by  that 
of  Marseilles  and  Bordeaux.  The  quantity  of  cotton  an- 
nually received  here  is  about  700,000  bales.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  court  of  primary  resort  and  of  commerce,  is  the  resi- 
dence of  foreign  consuls,  and  has  a  chamber  of  commerce. 
Regular  lines  of  steamers  communicate  with  Caen,  Cher- 
bourg, Dunkirk,  London,  Rotterdam,  Hamburg,  Liverpool, 
and  St.  Petersburg.  Ocean  steamers  also  ply  between  Havre 
and  New  York,  Havana,  Brazil,  Calcutta,  and  China. 
Havre  was  founded  by  Louis  XII.  in  1509.  It  was  held  by 
the  English  in  1562,  and  bombarded  by  them  in  1678  and 
1759.     Pop.  in  1861,  74,336 ;  in  1891,  114,004. 

Havre  de  Grace,  hav'^r  de  grass,  a  post-village  of 
Harford  co.,  Md.,  is  at  the  N.  end  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  its  mouth, 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  34  miles  "W.S.W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  and  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroads,  both  of  which  here  cross  the  river  on 
magnificent  iron  bridges,  about  3500  feet  lone  between  the 
shores.  This  place  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Tidewater 
Canal.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  2  canneries  for  fruit,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  2816  j  in  1890,  3244. 

Hawaii,  b&-wi'ee,  or  Hawaiian  Archipelago, 
named  by  Captain  Cook  "The  Sandwich  Islands,"  after 
Lord  Sandwich,  of  the  Admiralty,  is  situated  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  the  route  from  San  Francisco  and  Vancouver  to 
China  and  Japan,  about  2100  miles  from  the  American 
coast.  Lat.  19°  to  22°  20'  N.;  Ion.  155°  to  160°  W.  The 
group  consists  of  8  inhabited  islands  and  several  barren 
rocks,  the  names  and  area  of  the  former  being,  Hawaii  (the 
"  Owyhee"  of  Captain  Cook),  4210  square  miles ;  Maui, 
760;  Oahu,  600;  Kauai,  590;  Molokai  ("Lepers'  Island"), 
270;  Lanai,  150;  Kahoolawe,  63;  and  Nihau,  97.  The 
total  area  of  the  archipelago  is  estimated  at  7629  square 
miles.  The  islands  are  of  volcanic  origin,  and  here 
are  found  some  of  the  largest  volcanoes  (both  active  and 
extinct)  in  the  world.  Mauna-Kea  and  Mauna-Loa,  on 
the  island  of  Hawaii  (the  latter  an  active  volcano)  are  re- 
spectively 13,805  and  13,675  feet  in  height.  Other  moun- 
tains traverse  this  island,  giving  it  a  rugged  and  picturesque 
appearance,  its  bold  cliffs  1000  to  3000  feet  in  height  in 
some  places  fronting  upon  the  sea.  On  Maui  is  the  famous 
crater  of  Haleakala,  25  to  30  miles  in  circumference,  2000 
to  3000  feet  deep,  and  10,030  feet  above  sea  level.  The 
soil  at  the  base  of  the  mountains  and  in  the  valleys  is  fertile ; 
thousands  of  sheep  find  grazing-ground  on  the  higher  pla- 
teaus, while  the  lower  levels  spread  into  grassy  plains,  rich 
with  sugar-  and  rice-plantations.  The  chief  exports  in 
1892  were,  sugar  ($7,276,594),  rice  ($463,652),  bananas 
($104,945),  and  wool  ($32,185) ;  the  imports,  chiefly  from 
the  United  States,  amounted  to  about  $4,684,000.  In  early 
times  each  island  had  a  king,  but  under  Eamehameha  I. 
(died  1819)  the  islands  were  formed  into  one  kingdom, — 
a  simple  despotism,  which  continued  until  1840,  when 
Eamehameha  III.  granted  a  constitutional  government, 
consisting  of  a  king,  an  assembly  of  nobles,  and  a  repre- 
sentative council.  On  January  17,  1893,  a  revolution 
occurred,  Queen  Liliuokalani  was  deposed,  and  subse- 
quently a  republic  was  formed.  Capital,  Honolulu.  The 
population  of  the  Archipelago  in  1890  was  89,990. 

Hawaii,  or  Owyhee,  the  largest  and  southernmost 
island  of  the  Hawaiian  Archipelago.  Lat.  of  S.  point,  19° 
N.;  Ion.  155°  40' W.  Chief  town,  Hilo.  Pop.  about  17,000. 
Area,  4210  square  miles.  The  island  is  a  mass  of  lava,  and 
contains  several  volcanic  mountains.  Mauna  Loa,  an  active 
I  volcano,  has  an  elevation  of  13,760  feet.     The  soil  is  very 


IIAW 


1380 


HAW 


fertile ;  the  products  comprise  the  bread-fruit,  sugar-cane, 
sandal-wood,  arum,  and  numerous  tropical  fruits. 

Hawarden,  hah'r-den,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  and 
ruins  of  a  fine  castle,  with  large  manufactures  of  earthen- 
ware, and  iron-foundries.     Pop.  of  parish,  8683. 

Hawarden,  ha'war-den,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co., 
lowii,  23  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Orange  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  744. 

Hawasa,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  AnssA. 

Hawash,  h4'w48h\  a  river  of  South  Abyssinia,  is  sup- 
posed to  rise  by  numerous  heads  near  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  38° 
E.  It  flows  E.,  and  afterwards  N.E.,  bounding  the  do- 
minions of  Shoa  on  the  S.  and  B.,  and  enters  Lake  Aussa 
near  lat.  11°  30'  N.,  Ion.  41°  20'  E.,  after  a  total  course  of 
from  460  to  500  miles. 

Hawaz,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ahwaz. 

Haw  Creek,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind. 
Pop.  2634.     It  contains  Hartsville  and  Hope. 

Haw  Creek,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1731.     It  contains  Florence. 

Haw  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Haw'don,  a  lake  of  South  Australia,  is  near  the  S. 
loast,  in  lat.  37°  10'  S.,  Ion.  140°  E. 

Haweeza,  or  Hawiza,  hi-wee'zi,  written  also  Ha' 
wisa,  Haveeza,  and  Haviza,  h&-vee'z3,,  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  on  the  Kerah  (or  Haweeza)  River, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Shooster,     Pop.  12,000. 

Hawes,  hawz,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  20  miles  W.  of  Middleham.  It  has  a  grammar- 
school,  2  branch  banks,  and  a  library.     Pop.  1843. 

Hawes  (hawz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Tenn. 

HaAVesville,  hawz'vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Cannelton,  and 
about  65  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.  By  land  it  is  20 
or  25  miles  N.E.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  steam  flour-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  5  tobacco-factories  or  stemmeries,  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Hawes-Water,  a  lake  of  England,  oo.  of  Westmore- 
land, 5  miles  N.  of  Kendal.     Length,  3  miles. 

Hawick,  hi'ik  or  hJL'wik,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Roxburgh,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Teviot  and  the  Slitrig,  53 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  contains  some  very 
jurious  ancient  houses,  among  which  is  the  principal  inn, 
formerly  a  strong  border  fortress.  There  are  two  bridges 
across  the  Teviot,  and  two  over  the  Slitrig,  one  of  which  is 
supposed  to  be  a  Roman  structure,  a  parish  church,  a 
grammar-school,  public  library,  branch  banks,  exchange, 
and  school  of  arts.  It  has  important  manufactures  of  tweeds, 
woollen  stockings,  flannels,  plaids,  shawls,  blankets,  carpets, 
druggets,  and  leather.  Its  vicinity  comprises  much  of 
the  beautiful  scenery  celebrated  in  the  "  Lay  of  the  Last 
Minstrel."     Pop.  in  1881,  16,184;  in  1891,  19,204. 

Hawiza,  or  Hawisa,  Persia.     See  Haweeza. 

Hawk  Creek,  township,  Renville  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  993. 

Hawke  Bay,  Labrador,  is  on  the  E.  coast,  in  lat.  53° 
N.,  Ion.  55°  35'  W. 

Hawke  Cape,  East  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
00.  of  Gloucester,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Stephens. 

Hawke's  (hawks)  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  on  the  E. 
coast  of  North  Island,  between  lat.  39°  and  40°  S.  and  Ion. 
177°  and  178°  E. 

Hawke's  Bay,  a  county  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  North 
Island  of  New  Zealand.     Area,  2426  square  miles. 

Hawkesbury,  hawks'b§r-re,  a  village  in  Prescott  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  2  miles  from  Grenville,  with 
which  it  has  communication  by  ferry.  It  contains  exten- 
give  saw-mills,  woollen-,  grist-,  and  planing-mills,  6  stores, 
and  2  hotels,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  1671. 

Hawkesbnry  Island,  British  Columbia,  is  formed  by 
an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  53°  30'  N.,  Ion.  129°  W. 

Hawkesbury  River,  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Nepean  and  Grose  Rivers, 
and  enters  the  Pacific  at  Broken  Bay,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sydney,  after  a  course  of  50  miles.  Another  river  of  this 
name,  in  the  county  of  Bligh,  is  of  less  importance. 

Hawkeshead,  hawks'hSd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Kirby-Kendal.  It  has  a  very 
ancient  church  and  a  grammar-school. 

HawkesTille,  hawks'vil,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Conestogo  River,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Berlin.  It  contains  4  stores,  3  hotels,  2  woollen-factories, 
a  grist-mill,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Hawk  Eye,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about 
6  miles  W.  of  West  Union. 


Hawk  Eye,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  about 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Haw'kins,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  i» 
intersected  by  the  Holston  River,  navigable  by  steamers, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  a  long  ridge  called  Clinch 
Mountain.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills,  fer- 
tile valleys,  and  extensive  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
minerals  of  this  county  are  limestone  and  marble.  The 
East  Tennessee  &  Virginia  Railroad  passes  along  its  south- 
ern border  and  communicates  with  Rogersville,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,837  ;  in  1880,  20,610;  in 
1890,  22,246. 

Hawkins,  Jay  co.,  Ind.    See  Ain-iocH. 

Hawkins,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hawkins,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Longview.  It  ha* 
8  business  houses  and  a  church. 

Hawkins'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va., 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Hawkins'  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  oo., 
Tex.,  10  miles  from  Bonham.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hawk'instown,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  oo., 
Va.,  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  is  on  the  Valley 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Haw'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  oo.,  Ala., 
4i  miles  N.  of  Batesville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
St.  John's  River,  174  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  Here  is  a 
steamboat-landing. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
Ga.,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  48  miles 
S.  of  Macon.  It  has  5  or  6  churches  (2  colored),  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banks,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  and  a 
cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1542;  in  1890,  1755. 

Hawkinsville,  a  poet-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.¥.,  on 
Black  River,  3  miles  from  Boonville  Station,  and  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Utics.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  3  churohee, 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex., 
on  Caney  River,  about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston.  It  ha.* 
a  church.     Sugar  is  made  here. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  oo.,  Va. 

Hawk  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Hawk  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Hawks,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Ne8qa» 
honing  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Tamanend. 

Hawk's  Nest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  A  short  narrow- 
gauge  railroad  connects  it  with  the  coal-mines  near  Ansted. 

Hawlbow'line,  an  island  of  Ireland,  in  Cork  harbor, 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  south  of  Queenstown,  and  formerly 
the  place  of  an  important  naval  depot. 

Hawlbowline,  a  rock  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  off  the 
entrance  of  Carlingford  harbor. 

HawMejek,  a  post-office  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  8.D. 

Haw'ley,  a  mountainous  township  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  16  miles  W.  of  Greenfield.  It  contains  the  post- 
hamlets  of  Hawley  and  West  Hawley,  and  has  a  mineral 
spring.     There  are  2  churches.     Pop.  588. 

Hawley,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Moorhead.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  270. 

Hawley,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Laokawaxen  River,  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  the 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  and  the  Honesdale 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Honesdale. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
a  silk-factory,  a  glass-factory,  and  a  glass-cutting  factory. 
It  has  a  large  business  in  the  transfer  and  forwarding  of 
coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1968. 

Hawley's,  haw'l!^,  a  station  on  the  Pekin,  Lincoln  & 
Decatur  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Pekin,  111. 

Hawley's,  a  station  on  the  Delhi  Branch  of  the  Mid- 
land Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi,  N.Y. 

HaAvley's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Hawleysville,  haw'liz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Page  co.,  . 

Iowa,  on  the  E.  branch  of  the  Nodaway  Ri'er,  7  miles  N.E.         | 
of  Clarinda.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  200.  ^ 

Hawleyton,  haw'le-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  S.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Hawleyville,  haw'le-vil,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield 
CO..  Conn.,  in  Newtown  township,  on  the  Houaatonio  Rail- 


HAW 


1381 


HAY 


road,  at  its  junction  with  the  Shepaug  Railroad  and  with 
the  Hawleyville  Branch  of  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  manufactures 
of  combs,  hats,  and  condensed  milk. 

Hawn,  a  post-oflace  of  Pulton  cc,  111. 

Haworth,  h&'wprth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Keighley.    Pop.  2884. 

Haw  Patch)  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind., 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Haw  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  30  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Haw  River,  North  Carolina,  a  branch  of  the  Cape 
Fear,  is  formed  by  two  forks  which  rise  in  the  counties  of 
Guilford  and  Rockingham  and  unite  in  Alamance  co.  It  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Alamance  and  Chatham  cos., 
and  unites  with  the  Deep  River  at  Haywood  to  form  the 
Cape  Fear  River.  The  Haw  River,  including  one  branch,  is 
nearly  130  miles  long. 

Haw  River,  a  post-village  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Haw  River,  about  1  mile  E.  of  Graham.  It  is  on  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  connects  Raleigh  with 
Greensborough,  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Haw'thorn,  a  post-oflSce  of  White  co.,  111.,  and  a 
station  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Carmi. 

Hawthorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  5i  miles  W. 
of  Red  Oak.     It  has  2  grain-elevators  and  a  store. 

Haw'thorne,  a  station  in  Cook  oo..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Chicago. 

Hawthorne,  a  pogt-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad. 
It  is  a  suburb  of  Paterson,  from  which  it  is  distant  li  miles. 
It  has  2  grist-mills. 

Hawthorne,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  oo.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Haw'thornden,  a  glen  in  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  North  Esk,  celebrated  for 
having  been  the  residence  of  the  poet  Drummond.  Be- 
neath the  ancient  mansion,  which  stands  on  a  cliff,  are 
oaves  hollowed  out  of  the  sandstone  rook,  reported  to  have 
been  used  as  hiding-places  during  the  border  wars. 

Haw  Tree,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1540. 

Haw'trey,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway,  36  miles  W.  of  Cayuga. 

Hay,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Brecon,  on  the  Wye,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hereford.     Pop.  1777. 

Hay,  or  Fran'ceston,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo., 
Ontario,  20  miles  S.  of  Clinton.     Pop.  125. 

Hayange,  hi'yfiNzh'  or  hrftuzh'  (Ger.  Hayingen,  hl'- 
ing-§n),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  5  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Diedenhofen.  Pop.  4690,  employed  in  extensive  iron- 
works. 

Hay'cock,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1250.  It 
contains  Applebachsville. 

Hay'cock  Island,  off  the  W.  side  of  Busvagon,  one 
of  the  Philippines.     Lat.  12°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  51'  15"  E. 

Haycock  Island,  between  the  islands  of  Celebes  and 
Mindanao.     Lat.  4°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  23'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  in  the  China  Sea,  40  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Great  Natunas.     Lat.  3°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  34'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  in  the  China  Sea,  S.S.W.  of  South 
Natunas.     Lat.  2°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  57'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Mergui  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  9°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  50'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  in  the  Flores  Sea,  in  Pantar  Strait, 
rises  in  the  form  of  a  haycock.    Lat.  8°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  124°  E. 

Haycock  Run,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa. 

Hay  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.     Pop.  1026. 

Hayd,  or  Hayde,  Bohemia.    See  Haid  and  Haida. 

Hayd,  Oder,  o'b§r,  and  Unter,  SSn't^r,  two  contiguous 
villages  of  Germany,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Budweis. 

Hayden,  ha'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind., 
6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  North  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  creamery. 

Hayden  Hill,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lassen 
CO.,  Cal.,  120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Redding. 

Hayden  Mount.     See  Mount  Hayden. 

Hayden  Peak,  Utah,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah  Mountains, 
near  Ion.  111°  W.     Its  altitude  is  about  13,000  feet. 

Hayden  Roav,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Hopkinton  township,  on  the  Hopkinton  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston. 

Hayden's,  a  station  on  the  Montgomery  &  West  Point 
Railroad.  26  miles  E.  of  Montgomery,  Ala. 


Hayden's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Maricopa  co.,  Ari- 
zona,  on  Salt  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Phoenix.  It  has  a  floor 
mill  and  a  soap-factory. 

Haydenville,  ha'd^n-vil,  a  post-village  of  Hamp 
shire  co.,  Mass.,  on  Mill  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven  <t 
Northampton  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
is  supported  mainly  by  manufactures  of  cotton  and  brass 
goods.  It  has  a  savings-bank  and  2  churches.  The  burst- 
ing of  a  dam  on  Mill  River  destroyed  a  number  of  lives  and 
buildings  here  in  May,  1874. 

Haydenville,  a  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  in 
Greene  township,  on  the  Columbus  <fc  Hocking  Valley  Rail- 
road, 55  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
are  important  coal-mines. 

Hay'don,  or  Charlesville,  charlz'vil,  a  post-village 
in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on  Big  Creek,  9^  miles  N.  of  Bow- 
manville.     Pop.  200. 

Hayducken  District.    See  Haiduck  District. 

Haye  du  Puits,  hi  dii  pwee,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Manche,  17  miles  N.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1508. 

Hayel,  hi-yfil',  a  town  of  Arabia,  capital  of  Jebel 
Shomer,  250  miles  N.E.  of  Medina.     Pop.  12,000. 

Haye  Malherbe,  hi  miraiRb',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Sure,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Louviers.     Pop.  1232. 

Hayes,  haz,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hayes,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Douglas  co.,  III.,  in 
Tuscola  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  4  milei 
N.  of  Tuscola. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa. 

Hayes,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  586. 
It  contains  Norwood. 

Hayes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
from  Caseville,  and  48  miles  N.E.  of  Bay  City. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Neb. 

Hayes,  Strafford  co.,  N.H.    See  North  RocHESTBh. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Oconto  co.,  W^is. 

Hayesland,  haz'land,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co., 
Ontario,  11  miles  N.W.*  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  100. 

Hayes  Peninsula,  a  broad  peninsula  of  West  Green- 
land, extending  into  Baffin's  Bay  and  Smith  Sound.  Lat. 
76°  to  79°  N. ;  Ion.  60°  to  73°  W.  The  N.  part  is  also 
called  Prudhoe  Land. 

Hayes  River,  or  Hill  River,  in  Keewatin,  Canada, 
rises  near  Lake  Winnipeg,  flows  N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  es- 
timated at  upwards  of  300  miles,  enters  James's  Bay  at  York. 

Hayes'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Hayes'  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Hayes'  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  on 
York  River,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  West  Point. 

Hayestown,  haz't5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sherman  co., 
Neb.,  28  miles  from  Grand  Island. 

Hayesville,  Ala.    See  Haysville. 

Hayesville,  haz' vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Skunk  River,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Hayesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  oo.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
from  Muldraugh.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Hayesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  N.C, 
in  Hayesville  township,  on  the  Hiawassee  River,  near  its 
source,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Walhalla,  S.C  It  has 
an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  884. 

Hayesville,  township,  Franklin  oo.,  N.C     Pop.  1630. 

Hayesville,  or  Haysville,  an  incorporated  post- 
village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Vermilion  township,  about  14 
miles  E.  of  Mansfield,  and  44  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has 
a  normal  school,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  430. 

Hayesville,  a  station  in  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Circleville. 

Hayesville,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  Haysville. 

Hayesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  2^  miles 
from  Oxford. 

Hayfield,  ha'feeld,  a  township  of  Dodge  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  196. 

Hayfield,  a  post-township  and  village  of  Crawford  oo., 
Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.   It  has  7  churches.   P.  1824. 

Hayfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  about  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winchester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hay  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  67  miles 
N.W.  of  Redding.     Pop.  of  Hay  Fork  Valley  township,  172. 

Hay'good's  Landing,  post-office,  Jackson  co.,  Fla. 

Hayingen,  the  German  name  of  Hayange. 

Hayingen,  hi'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  10  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Miinsingen,  with  an  old  castle.     Pop.  793. 


HAY 


1382 


HAY 


Hayle«  hil,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  9  mUes  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Redruth.  It  is  on  St.  Ives'  Bay,  and  has  a 
good  trade,  active  fisheries,  iron-foundries,  and  maohine- 
shops.     Pop.  1180. 

Hay'ling,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  England,  oo.  of 
Hants,  in  Chichester  harbor,  near  the  island  of  Portsea, 
and  connected  by  a  railway  with  Havant,  about  1  mile  S. 
of  that  town.  Area,  3887  acres.  Off  the  S.  coast  is  an 
extensive  shoal,  the  Woolsner  Sandbank,  the  relic  of  land 
submerged  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.     Pop.  1139. 

Hay'maker,  a  post-office  of  McKean  co.,  Pa. 

Hay'makertown,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Hay'market,  a  post- village  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  38 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria,  and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Hay  Meadow,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Hay'mond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Brookville.     It  has  a  church. 

Hayn,  or  Hain,  Saxony.    See  Gkossenhain. 

Haynau,  Hainan,  or  Heinan,  hi'ndw,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Diechsee,  and 
on  the  Berlin  &  Glogau  Railway.  Large  quantities  of 
fuller's  earth  are  obtained  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5351. 

Haynersville,  ha'n^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensse- 
laer CO.,  N.Y.,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,    It  has  about  9  houses. 

Haynes,  hanz,  a  post-office  of  Hocking  co.,  0. 

Haynes,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Haynes  BlnflT,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Warren 
30.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Vioksburg. 
It  was  a  strategic  point  of  importance  during  a  part  of  the 
war  of  1861-65. 

HaynesTille,  hanz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky. 

Haynesville,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  parish.  La., 
about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  2  churches  and 
the  Haynesville  Institute. 

HaynesTille,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo.,  Me., 
15  miles  N.  of  Danforth  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  165. 

Hayneville,  han'vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lowndes 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  5  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Hayneville,  a  hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Perry.     It  has  2  churches. 

Haynichen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Hainichkn. 

Hay  Ranch,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Hay  River,  of  West  Australia,  flows,  southward  into 
the  Mairet  Lagoon,  25  miles  W.  of  Albany. 

Hay  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Barron  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Red  Cedar  River,  in  Dunn  oo.,  about 
15  miles  above  Menomonee. 

Hays,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
San  Marcos  River,  and  also  drained  by  Union  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  San  Marcos.  Pop.  in  1870,  4088;  in  1880,  7655; 
in  1890,  11,352. 

Hays,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Hays  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ellis  oo.,  Kansas, 
on  Big  Creek,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  222  miles 
W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks, 
3  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  1242. 

Hays'  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Issaquena  co.,  Miss. 

Hay's  Peak,  a  densely-wooded,  conical  mountain  of 
East  Australia,  in  lat.  27°  36'  S.  and  Ion.  152*  8'  E. 

Hay  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Sheridan  co.,  Neb.,  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Rushville.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  378. 

Hay'stack,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Haystack,  Mount.   See  Mount  Haystack. 

Haysville,  haz'vil,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Greene 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Eutaw. 

Haysville,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  about  1 
mile  S.  of  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  54  miles  N.E. 
of  Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Haysville,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Haysville,  Ohio.     See  Hayesville. 

Haysville,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  hotel. 

Haysville,  a  post-office  of  Macon  oo.,  Tenn. 

Hays'ville,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Smith's  Creek,  3  miles  S.S.B.  of  New  Hamburg.     It  con- 


tains a  woollen-factory,  grist-mill,  linseed-oil-mill,  cheese- 
factory,  3  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Hayti,  or  Haiti,  h&'tee  (Fr.  Haiti,  h&^eeHee'  or 
i'eeHee';  Sp.  Santo  Domingo,  s&n'to  do-meeng'go,  origi- 
nally Espaflola,  5s-pin-yo'li ;  L.  Hispanio'la),  a  rich  and 
beautiful  island,  the  largest  in  the  West  Indies,  except 
Cuba,  from  which  it  is  separated  W.  by  the  Windward  Pas- 
sage and  E.  from  Porto  Rico  by  the  Mona  Passage,  and 
having  N.  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  S.  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
It  is  nearly  400  miles  long,  and  from  60  to  150  miles  broad, 
and  comprises  two  republics,  Hayti  in  the  W.,  and  Santo 
Domingo  in  the  E.  Area  of  the  republic  of  Hayti,  9232 
square  miles.  Pop.  estimated  at  572,000,  of  whom  the  great 
majority  are  blacks.  Area  of  the  republic  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo, 20,595  square  miles.  The  centre  of  the  island  is 
occupied  by  a  mountainous  region ;  Mount  Chaco  is  6000 
feei  above  the  sea,  and  parallel  mountain-chains  traverse 
the  island.  The  plains  m  the  S.E.  are  80  miles  in  length, 
and  the  plain  of  Artibonite,  in  the  W.,  is  watered  by  the 
Artibonite,  the  chief  river.  The  other  considerable  rivers 
are  the  Monte-Christi,  Guna,  and  Neive.  There  are  several 
lakes  in  the  S.,  and  the  soil  generally  is  well  watered. 
Shores  swampy  in  the  E.,  elsewhere  mostly  bold  and  sur- 
rounded by  reefs ;  though  there  are  several  excellent  har- 
bors in  the  W.,  where  two  long  projecting  peninsulas  en- 
close the  large  Bay  of  Gonalves.  Climate  tropical,  and  on  the 
plains  very  unhealthy  to  Europeans.  There  are  but  two 
seasons,  the  rainy  season.  May  to  June,  and  the  dry  season ; 
the  spring,  April  to  June,  is  the  finest  time  of  the  year 
Hurricanes  are  common,  especially  in  August  and  Septem 
ber.  The  soil  is  highly  fertile,  and  a  great  part  of  tho 
island  is  covered  by  dense  forests  of  mahogany,  iron-wood, 
logwood,  cedar,  and  other  valuable  timber  trees.  Products 
comprise  the  plantain,  vanilla,  and  manioc.  The  principa] 
articles  exported  are  mahogany,  logwood,  lignum-vitse, 
coffee,  cotton,  tobacco,  cacao,  and  sugar.  Gold,  silver,  cop- 
per, tin,  iron,  and  rook  salt  are  found  in  the  island,  but  the 
mines  are  now  unproductive.  The  government  of  Hayti, 
nominally  republican,  is  in  reality  military,  the  powers  of 
the  elective  president  greatly  outweighing  those  of  the  legis- 
lature, entitled  the  National  Assembly  and  consisting  of  a 
senate  and  a  house  of  representatives.  The  high  court  of 
justice  of  Hayti  sits  in  Port-au-Prince,  the  capital,  where 
also,  and  at  Aux  Cayes,  Cape  Haytien,  Gona'ives,  Jeremie, 
Jacmel,  and  Port-de-Paii,  are  provincial,  civil,  and  crim- 
inal courts.  The  Roman  Catholic  is  the  established  religion, 
but  all  others  arc  tolerated.  Public  revenue  averages  about 
$5,500,000;  expenditure,  $8,600,000.  The  foreign  debt, 
contracted  chiefly  in  France,  amounts  to  $22,500,000,  be- 
sides which  there  exists  a  large  floating  debt.  The  island 
was  discovered  by  Columbus,  December  6, 1493 ;  and  on  its  N. 
coast  was  planted  the  first  permanent  colony  established  by 
Europeans  in  the  Western  hemisphere.  Spain  held  posses- 
sion of  the  island  until  1665,  when  the  French  obtained  a 
share,  and  from  this  period  till  1790  it  was  the  most  flour- 
ishing of  all  the  West  Indian  colonies.  After  this  a  revo- 
lution of  the  black  people  took  place,  the  independence  of 
Hayti  was  proclaimed  in  1800,  and  the  French  were  finally 
expelled  in  1803.  Since  that  period  a  series  of  revolutions 
have  occurred,  and  a  sort  of  elective  military  government 
has  prevailed  under  various  leaders.  Education  and  civili- 
zation were  at  a  low  ebb,  but  many  schools  have  been  recently 
established.  Hayti,  formerly  the  French  portion  of  the 
island,  was  declared  an  empire  under  its  president,  Faustin 
I.,  in  1849,  and  a  republic  in  1858.     See  Santo  Domingo. 

Hay'ton,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Hilbert,  and 
about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church. 

Hay'tOAvn,  a  village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  included  in  the 
present  limits  of  Logansport.     Pop.  260. 

Hayt's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Geneva. 

Hayward,  Alameda  oo.,  Cal.    See  Haywood. 

Hay'ward,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  in  Hayward  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Albert  Lea.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  551. 

Hayward,  a  post-village  of  Pennington  co.,  S.D.,  16 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Rapid  City,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Hayward,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sawyer  co..  Wis., 
63  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ashland.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  1349. 

Haywards,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Rail 
road,  7  miles  S.  of  Virginia  City,  Nevada. 

Haywood,  ha'wood,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles.     It  is  in* 


HAY 


1383 


HAZ 


tersected  by  the  Big  Pigeon  River,  which  flows  northward. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  This  county  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Iron 
or  Smoky  Mountain,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Balsam  Moun- 
tains. The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Waynesville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
r9i;i;  in  1880,  10,271;  in  1890,  ]3,346. 

Haywood,  a  county  of  "West  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hat- 
chee  River  and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Memphis  <k  Louisville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Brownsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,094;  in  1880,  26,063;  in 
1890,  23,558. 

Haywood,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Haywood,  or  Hayward,  a  beautiful  post-village  of 
Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  near  the  E.  shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay, 
and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  San 
Francisco.  Large  quantities  of  wheat,  barley,  fruits,  Ac, 
are  shipped  here.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  an 
Odd-Fellows'  hall.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Haywood,  a  post-village  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  <&  Augusta  Railroad,  at  the  point  where  the  Deep 
and  Haw  Rivers  unite  to  form  the  Cape  Fear  River,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  naa  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Haywood,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Hay'wood's  liand'ing,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  15  miles  above  Chatta- 
hoochee.    It  has  1  or  2  stores  and  a  warehouse. 

Hazara,  a  district  of  India.     See  Huzara. 

Haz'ard,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Du- 
buque &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Le  Mars. 

Hazard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Kentucky  River,  about  100  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  normal  school. 

Hazard,  a  station  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown. 

Hazard,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cheyenne. 
Elevation,  6325  feet. 

Haz'ardville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  oo..  Conn., 
in  Enfield  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad, 
18|  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  manufactories  of  gunpowder. 

Hazareh,  a  country  of  Central  Asia.     See  Huzareh. 

Hazarybaugh,  Hazareebagh,  or  Hazaribagh, 
hS.'z3,-ree-baw',  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  Hazarybaugh 
district,  is  in  lat.  23°  59'  N.,  Ion.  85°  27'  E.  It  is  a  scat- 
tering place,  with  cantonments  and  a  penitentiary.  Pop. 
11,050. 

Hazarybangh,  or  Hazaribagh,  a  district  of  Ben- 
gal, Chuta-Nagpoor  division.  Lat.  23°  25'-24°  48'  N. ;  Ion. 
84°  29'-86°  38'  E.  Area,  7020  square  miles.  It  is  a-rough, 
rocky  region,  with  much  jungle,  but  has  excellent  tilled 
lands.     Capital,  Hazarybaugh.     Pop.  771,875. 

Hazebrouck,  hiz* brook'  or  iz^brook',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lille, 
on  the  Bourre.  Pop.  6363.  It  has  a  church  with  a  lofty 
spire,  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  tanneries,  flour- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  linen  and  soap. 

Ha'zel,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  contains  Jeans- 
ville,  and  has  mines  of  excellent  anthracite.  Pop.,  exclu- 
sive of  the  borough  of  Hazleton,  7110. 

Hazel  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  111., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  636. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  Conequenessing  Creek,  2  miles 
from  Clinton  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hazel  Green,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Huntsville. 

Hazel  Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
in  Rush  township,  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Owosso.  It  has  a  church,  a 
gaw-niill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Hazel  Green,  a  post-village  of  Grant  oo..  Wis.,  in 
Hazel  Green  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Galena,  111.,  about  12 
miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Platteville. 


It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  numerous  stores. 
The  mining  of  lead  ore  is  the  principal  business  of  this 
place.     Pop.  426;  of  the  township,  1549. 

Hazel  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo. 

Hazel  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  18  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

Hazel  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Hazel  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Franjois  co.,  Mo., 
in  Marion  township,  11  miles  E.  of  Blackwell  Station.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  and  a  furnace  for  lead,  found  near  here. 

Hazel  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Ha'zelton,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  White  River,  and  on  the  Evansville  <k  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  and  13  miles 
S.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  608. 

Hazelton,  or  Hazleton,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Independence.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  public  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  creamery. 

Hazelton,  a  post-village  of  Barber  co.,  Kansas,  22 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Anthony.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  319. 

Hazelton,  a  post-township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  contains  Hazelton, 
a  hamlet  12  miles  N.E.  of  Corunna.     Pop.  1134. 

Hazelton,  or  Hazleton,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo., 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  at  Gregory  Station. 

Hazelton,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Wis. 

Hazel  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ark. 

Ha'zelwood,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas. 

Hazelwood,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Providence 
Railroad,  6^  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Hazelwood,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Minn. 

Ha'zen,  a  post-village  of  Prairie  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  &c.     P.  458. 

Hazerswonde,  h&'z^rs-^^wM^h,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  South  Holland,  13  miles  E.  of  the 
Hague.     Pop.  3053. 

Hazle  (ha'z'I)  Creek  Bridge,  a  station  in  Carbon 
CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Weatherly,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Beaver  Meadow  and  Hazleton  Branches  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad. 

Hazledean,  ha'z'1-deen,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Stittsville.     Pop.  100. 

Hazle  (ha'z'I)  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Comanche  co., 
Tex.,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Hazle  Green,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Hazle  Green  township,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.     Pop.  of  the  township,  738. 

Hazle  Green,  a  post-village  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky.,  about 
66  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  semi- 
nary, a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  218, 

Hazle  Green,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Stoutland  Station. 

Hazle  Hill,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.    P;  1240. 

Hazlehurst,  ha'z'l-hiirst,  a  post- village  of  Appling  co., 
Ga.,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Baxley.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop. -290. 

Hazlehurst,  a  station  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Brunswick,  Ga. 

Hazlehurst,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Copiah  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  149 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices  and  4  churches.     Pop.  662. 

Hazle  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Li»'ingston  Station. 

Hazlerigg,  ha'z'l-rig,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boon©  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Lebanon,  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has 
a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Haz'let,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  about 
15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Long  Branch.     Pop.  about  150. 

Hazleton,  Iowa  and  Missouri.     See  Hazelton. 

Hazleton,  ha'z'l-t^n,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co.. 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  contains  30  churches,  3  banks,  a 
town  hall,  a  Catholic  academy,  2  convents,  a  foundry,  ma- 
chine-shops, carriage-works,  a  lumber-  and  planing-mill, 
a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of  baking-pans,  cigars,  coffins, 
and  cattle-powder.  Three  daily  and  8  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  The  streets  of  Hazleton  are  lighted 
with  electric  light  and  gas.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly 
from  operations  in  coal  (anthracite).     Pop.  11,872. 

Haz'lettville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  6i 
miles  W.  of  Wyoming  Station. 


HAZ 


1384 


HEB 


Ha'z  I  e  wood,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  111.    P.  674. 

Hazlewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ballard  oo.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  chair-factory,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  a  store. 

Hazlewood,  a  post-office  of  Rice  oo.,  Minn. 

Hazlewood,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Marshfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and 
a  plough-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Hazlewood,  a  post-township  of  Webster  co.,  Mc,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1267. 

Hazlewood,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A  CJonnellsville 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Hazlewood,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1556. 

Head'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Gkilway,  9  miles 
6.W.  of  Tuam.     Pop.  860. 

Head  Honey  Island,  a  post-office  and  shipping- 
point  of  Holmes  oo..  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  40  miles 
W.  of  Durant. 

Head'ingly-with-Bur'Iey,  a  village  of  England, 
«o.  of  York,  West  Riding,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Leeds.  In  ite 
vicinity  are  the  Leeds  Zoological  and  Botanical  Gardens 
And  numerous  elegant  mansions.     Pop   13,942. 

Head'Iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  27  miles 
6.W.  of  Fort  Gaines,  Ga. 

Head'lee,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ind. 

Head  of  Bar'ren,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Head  of  Grade,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Mill  Creek  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  1  mile  S.E. 
of  Fraekville. 

Head  of  Island,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish,  La. 

Head  of  I^ajirel,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Head  of  Saint  Mar'garet's  Bay,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head  of  a  large  bay  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  21  miles  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  500. 

Head  of  Saint  Mary's  Bay,  or  Bright'on,  a  post- 
village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Digby. 
Pop.  350. 

Head  Quar'ters,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage- 
shop. 

Headsville,  hedz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co., 
Tex.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Kosse  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ileadsville,  a  post-office  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va. 

Headville.    See  Saint  Germain  de  Grantham. 

Head  Waters,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  oo.,  Va.,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo  Gap  Station. 

Healdsbarg,  heeldz'burg,  a  post-town  of  Sonoma  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Russian  River,  and  on  the  San  Francisco  & 
North  Pacific  Railroad,  72  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco, 
20  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  about  84  miles  W.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  contains  7  churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  shoe-factory,  4  fruit- 
■canning  factories,  2  fruit-drying  houses,  a  wine-factory, 
Ac,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  It 
was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1874.     Pop.  in  1890,  1485. 

Healdville,  heeld'vil,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Rut- 
land CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rjtilroad,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  near  the  top  of  the  Green  Mountain. 
It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Heal'ing  Springs,  a  post-township  of  Davidson  co., 
N.C.,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  675. 

Healing  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  are  several  valuable  thermal  springs  of  repute  in  the 
treatment  of  chronic  diseases. 

Hean,  hi'in',  a  large  town  of  Tonquin,  on  the  Sang-Koi 
River,  at  the  head  of  its  delta,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Ketcho. 

Heard,  h^rd,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  290  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  which  trav- 
«rses  it  from  N.  to  S.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and 
lead  are  said  to  be  found  here.  Capital,  Franklin.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7866;  in  1880,  8769;  in  1890,  9557. 

Heardmont,  h^rd'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Savannah  River,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville, 
S.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Heard's  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Indian  Ocean, 
280  miles  S.E.  of  Kerguelen  Land.  It  is  30  miles  long 
and  10  miles  wide,  and  rises  about  6000  feet. 

Heame,  h^rn,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex., 
4  miles  E.  of  the  Brazos  River,  on  the  Houston  <fc  Texas 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houston,  91  miles 
**  W.  of  Palestine,  and   146  miles  S.  of  Dallas.     It  has  6 


churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  car-shops 
of  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad  are  located  here. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Heart  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Walworth  co.,  AVis. 

Heart  River,  North  Dakota,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of 
the  state,  runs  northeastward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  near  Bismarck.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Heart's  Content,  a  seaport  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
S.E.  side  of  Trinity  Bay.  Lat.  47°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  20'  W. 
Two  Atlantic  cables  land  here,  and  there  are  overland  wires 
to  St.  John's  and  Cape  Ray.  There  is  a  good  harbor  here, 
and  the  surrounding  scenery  is  very  beautiful.     Pop.  880. 

Hearts  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  from  Barboursville.     It  has  a  church. 

Heart's  Delight,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 

9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  320. 
Heart's  Desire,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 

6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  100. 

Heart's  Ease,  a  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  at  the 
entrance  to  Random  Sound,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Heart's  Con- 
tent.    Pop.  160. 

Heart'wellrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  North  Adams,  Mass.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  chair-factory. 

Heath,  heeth,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  North  Adams.  It  has  2 
churches,  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  503. 

Heath,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Clarion  River.     Pop.  247. 

Heath's  Creek,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.  P.  2523. 

Heaths'ville,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  111. 

Heathsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Enfield. 

Heathsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Northumber 
land  CO.,  Va.,  about  56  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Richmond- 
It  is  on  a  peninsula  called  the  Northern  Neck,  and  near  a 
navigable  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay.     It  has  3  churches. 

Heath  Town,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Wolverhampton.     Pop.  5268. 

Heath'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  Red 
Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Brookville.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  40. 

Heaton,  hS'tpn,  or  Stew'ard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee 
CO.,  III.,  in  Alto  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad, 
40  miles  W.  of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church. 

Heaton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Springfield. 

Heaton,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.  uf  Philadelphia. 

Hea'ton-Nor'ris,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, on  the  Mersey,  which  separates  it  from  Stockport. 
The  London  A  Northwestern  Railway  is  here  carried  across 
the  Mersey  on  a  viaduct.     Pop.  16,481. 

Heb'bardsville,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ey., 

10  miles  N.E.  of  Robard's  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and 
a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Hebbardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Athens,  and  about  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Pomeroy.     It  has  4  churches. 

Heb'bertsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Tenn.,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Heb'den  Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  3894. 

He'ber,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ark., 
54  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rook.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and'2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  800. 

Heber,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  on 
Prove  River,  at  or  near  the  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tain, about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1538. 

Hebertville,  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec.     See  Labarre. 

Hebrides,  h5b'rid-iz,  or  Western  Islands  (anc. 
Ebu'dea),  a  series  of  islands  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  be- 
tween lat.  55°  35'  and  58°  34'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  and  8°  W.,  and 
consisting  of  two  principal  groups :  the  Outer  Hebrides, — 
Lewis,  North  and  South  Uist,  Benbecula,  Barra,  and  numer- 
ous smaller  islands,  in  the  counties  of  Ross  and  Inver- 
ness; and  the  Inner  Hebrides, — Skye,  Rum,  Eig,  Canna, 
Coll,  Tiree,  Mull,  lona,  Colonsa,  Jura,  Arran,  Bute,  Ac, 
partly  separated  from  the  former  by  the  channel  termed  the 
Little  Minch,  and  lying  more  immediately  off  the  shores 
of  Inverness  and  Argyle,  in  which  counties,  and  in  Bute- 
shire, they  are  included.  Total  number,  not  including  the 
smaller  islets,  160,  70  of  which  are  permanently  inhabited. 
Total  area,  about  3000  square  miles.  Pop.  about  115,000. 
The  climate  is  moist  and  chill  in  the  Outer  Hebrides ;  much 


HEB 


1385 


HEC 


rain  in  winter,  but  little  snow.  The  herring-fishery,  formerly 
tin  important  resource  of  the  people,  has  greatly  declined, 
the  rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep  being  the  most  profitable 
branch  of  industry.  Live-stock  (including  ponies),  kelp, 
wool,  cod,  ling,  herrings,  limestone,  and  slate  are  the  chief 
exports;  imports  are  iron,  groceries,  salt,  oatmeal,  and,  in 
some  of  the  islands,  peat  fuel.  In  the  Outer  Hebrides  many 
of  the  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics.  The  principal 
villages  are  Stornoway,  in  Lewis;  Portree,  in  Skye;  and 
Torosay,  in  Mull.  The  language  is  Gaelic.  The  Hebrides 
in  remote  times  were  subject  to  the  Kings  of  Norway,  but  in 
1264  were  annexed  to  the  crown  of  Scotland.  They  were 
then  held  by  various  native  chieftains  in  vassalage  to  the 
Scottish  monarch,  but  subsequently  all  fell  into  the  hands 
of  one  powerful  chief,  who  thereupon,  in  1346,  assumed  the 
title  of  "  Lord  of  the  Isles"  and  began  to  affect  an  entire 
independence  of  his  sovereign.  The  abolition  of  hereditary 
jurisdictions,  in  1748,  secured  to  these  islands,  for  the  first 
time,  the  peace  and  safety  afforded  by  a  just  and  powerful 
government. Adj.  and  inhab.  Hebrid'kan. 

He'bron  (anc.  Kirjath-Arha  ;  Arab.  El  Khaleel,  SI  k1- 
leel'),  a  town  of  Palestine,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jerusalem. 
Lat.  31°  32'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  35°  8'  20"  E.  Pop.  from  5000  to 
10,000.  It  stands  partly  on  the  slopes  of  two  hills,  and  in 
the  deep,  narrow  valley  of  Mamre.  Around  it  are  exten- 
sive vineyards,  and  on  its  N.  side  is  a  suburb,  separated 
from  it  by  open  fields.  It  is  unwalled,  but  has  several 
gates,  some  reservoirs  of  high  antiquity,  a  large  mosque, 
reputed  to  cover  the  tombs  of  Abraham  and  other  patri- 
archs, a  citadel,  well-supplied  bazaars,  manufactures  of 
glass-wares,  leather,  and  other  goods,  which  it  exports  to 
Egypt,  and  a  considerable  retail  trade  with  the  adjacent 
country.  Hebron  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  of  existing 
cities.  It  was  the  early  residence  of  Abraham  and  the 
patriarchs,  as  also  of  David. 

He'bron,  a  post-village  in  Hebron  township,  Tolland 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  is  2^  miles 
from  Turnerville  Station  on  the  Boston  <fc  New  York  Air- 
Line  Railroad.  The  township  has  4  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  silk.     Pop.  in  1890,  10;{9. 

Hebron,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Hebron  township, 
McHenry  co.,  111.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  is 
on  the  Kenosha  division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  38i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  offiee.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1167. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  51  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages.     Pop.  in  1890,  689. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  near  Grand 
River,  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.    It  has  a  church. 

Hebron,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  about  5  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Hebron 
township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the 
Portland  <fc  Oxford  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  600. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Minnesota  River,  10  or  12  miles  above 
Mankato.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  Ac. 

Hebron,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co..  Miss.,  28  miles 
E.  of  Beauregard.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a 
general  store.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hebron,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Little  Blue  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Belvidere  Station,  and 
about  74  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks, 
a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing- 
milh  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1502. 

Hebron,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  New- 
found Lake,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  382. 

Hebron,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  valuable  quarries 
of  slate,  and  extensive  cheese-factories.  Pop.  2442.  It 
contains  the  village  of  West  Hebron,  and  a  hamlet  named 
Hebron,  which  is  6  miles  N.  of  Salem,  and  has  a  church. 

Hebron,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.,  N.C.     Here  is  a  church. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Licking  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and  the  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  and 
near  the  South  Pork  of  the  Licking  River,  27  miles  E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  tile-factory.     Pop.  478. 

Hebron,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  about  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Emporium.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  pine  lumber.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Pop.  754. 

Hebron,  township,  Marll-orough  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1581. 

Hebron,  a  township  of  Omngeburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  311. 


Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  B.C.,  80 
miles  S.  of  Spartanburg. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Utah,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Toquerville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  about  125. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of 
Petersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pleasants  oo.,  W.  Va.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Pennsborough. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  in  Hebron  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bark  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Whitewater,  and 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Janesville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  cheese  and  furniture.     Pop.  of  township,  1273. 

He'bron,  a  port  and  Moravian  mission-station,  on 
Saeglek  Bay,  in  the  N.  part  of  Labrador.     Pop.  214. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  4  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  500. 

He'bronville,  a  post- village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Attleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  India  Point  Branch,  9  milea 
N.E.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  manufactory 
of  cotton  sheetings. 

Hebrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Maritza. 

Hechingen,  hdK'ing-^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ho- 
henzollern,  on  the  Starzel,  and  on  a  railway,  31  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3469.  It  has  a  palace  with  fine  grounds, 
a  collegiate  church,  a  high  school,  a  bath-establishment,  and 
some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Hecho,  i'cho,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Huesca,  in  a  valley  of  the  Pyrenees.  Pop.  1676.  In  its 
vicinity  are  mines  of  iron,  copper,  and  argentiferous  lead. 

Hechosoa,  ^-cho-so'S,,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Cinaloa,  on  the  Yaqui,  25  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf 
of  California. 

Heck'atoo,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River. 

Hecker,  Monroe  co..  111.    See  Freedom. 

Heck'Iand,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Terre 
Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Heck'mondwike,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Wakefield.  It 
has  a  branch  bank,  and  manufactures  of  blankets  and  car- 
pets.    Pop.  8300. 

Heck'scherville,  a  post- village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Mine  Hill  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Potts- 
ville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Heck's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Roebuck. 

Hecks'ton,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  branch  of  the  South  Nation  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Kempt- 
ville.     Pop.  100. 

Heck'town,  a  post- village  of  Northampton  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Nazareth  township,  at  Steuben  Station  on  the  Lehigh 
io  Lackawanna  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem.  It  has 
a  church,  a  broom-factory,  and  an  academy. 

Hec'la,  or  Hek'la,  a  famous  volcano  of  Iceland,  near 
its  S.W.  coast.  Lat.  63°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  42'  W.  Height 
above  the  sea,  5110  feet,  it  being  surrounded  by  many 
much  higher  mountains.  It  has  three  peaks,  little  elevated 
above  its  body,  and  along  its  sides  are  numerous  craters, 
the  seats  of  former  eruptions ;  the  crater  of  its  principal 
peak  does  not  much  exceed  100  feet  in  depth.  It  is  com- 
posed chieflyof  basalt  and  lava,  but  slag-sand  and  loose 
ashes  cover  a  great  part  of  its  surface,  and  obsidian  is 
among  its  most  remarkable  products.  Since  A.D.  900,  43 
of  its  eruptions  are  on  record,  of  which  5  have  been  simul- 
taneous, or  nearly  so,  with  those  of  Vesuvius,  4  with  those 
of  Etna,  and  1  with  those  of  both. 

Hec'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etna  township,  Whitley  oo., 
Ind.,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Hecla,  or  Hecia  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Utica.  Here  is  a  manu- 
factory of  iron  castings.     Pop.  125. 

Hecla,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Little  Schuylkill  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Tamaqua.  It  has 
manufactures  of  brushes,  baskets,  and  lumber,  and  consists 
of  about  20  houses. 

Hecla  (hdk'I&)  Cove,  an  inlet  of  Spitzbergen,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  large  island,  in  lat.  79°  55'  N.,  Ion.  16°  49' 
E. ;  so  named  from  the  Hecla,  under  Sir  John  Franklin, 
having  been  stationed  here  from  June  to  August.  1827. 

Hec'tor,  a  post-village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Noole 
township,  6  miles  E.  of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hector,  a  post- village  of  Renville  oo.,  Minn.,  40  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Granite  Falls.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  654. 

Hector,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 


HEO 


1386 


HEI 


15  miles  W.  of  Ithaca,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Seneca 
Lake.  Pop.  4970.  It  contains  villages  named  Burdette, 
North  Hector,  Meclilenburg,  and  Peach  Orchard.  Hector 
Post-OflSce  is  at  Peach  Orchard. 
Hector,  a  post-township  of  Potter  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  651. 
Heddernheim,  hfld'd§rn-hime\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nidda,  6  miles  N.B. 
of  Hoohst.     Pop.  2720. 

Heddesdorf,  hWd^s-doRf,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Coblentz,  with  tanneries,  dyeing-, 
bleaching-,  and  iron-works.     Pop.  2996. 

H6d6,  hi^A',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hlo-et-Vilaine,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  951. 

Hedel,  hi'del,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  on  the  Meuse,  12  miles  S.W.of  Thiel.    Pop.  1633. 

Uedelfingen,  hi'd^l-fing^^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Neckar.     Pop.  1553. 

Hedemarken,  hi'd^h-maR^k^n,  a  district  of  Norway, 
Btift  of  Hamar,  of  which  it  forms  the  E.  part,  having  E. 
Sweden  and  N.  the  Dovrefield  Mountains.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Glommen  and  other  considerable  rivers,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  Norway.  Area,  9670  square 
miles.     Pop.  120,651. 

Hedemora,  h&-d&-mo'r&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Falun,  on  the  Wester-Dai.    Pop.  1129. 

Uedemtinden,  b^'d^h-miin^d^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Gottingen,  on  the  Werra. 

Ue'den,  or  Hey'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
East  Riding,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hull.     Pop.  996. 

Hedenfors,  h^'d^n-foRs^  a  village  of  Sweden,  Isen  of 
Norrbotten,  on  the'  Luleft. 

Hedersleben,  h&'d^rs-lA^b^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2147. 

Hedersleben,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  E.  of 
Eisleben.     Pop.  854. 

Hedervar,  h^'dSRVaR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Raab,  in  the  Kleine  Schiitt  Island,  formed 
by  the  Danube.     Pop.  910.     It  has  a  castle. 

Hedge,  a  post-ot&ce  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa. 

Hedge  City,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Mo. 

Hedg'es,  a  post-ofiBoe  and  station  of  Clark  oo.,  Ey., 
26  miles  E.  of  Lexington. 

Hedg'esville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 
about  32  miles  W,  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

Hedgesville,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  North  Mountain,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  lumber-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  448. 

Hedg'man's  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
unites  with  Thornton's  River  to  form  the  North  River. 

Hedic,  or  HoBdic,  h^Meek',  a  small  island  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  off  the  coast  of  Brittany,  14  miles  S.E.  of 
the  peninsula  of  Quiberon. 

Hedjaz,  or  Hedsjaz,  Arabia.    See  El  Hejaz. 

Hedun,  a  town  of  England.     See  Hbdgn. 

Hed'rick,  a  post-town  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
tile-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  592. 

Hed'wig's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Tex., 
100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Austin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hedyphon,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Jerahai. 

Heea,  or  Hia,  hee'&,  a  town  of  China,  in  Shan-See,  67 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ping- Yang. 

Heea-Kiang,  or  Hia-Kiang,  hee'&-ke-&ng',  a  town 
of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  on  the  Kan-Kiang,  78 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Nan-Chang. 

Heea-Looee,  or  Hia-Loui,  hee'&-loo-ee',  a  town  of 
China,  in  Quang-See,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hong-Kiang,  50 
miles  W.  of  Tai-Ping. 

Heeg,  haio,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  PrieslanJ, 
on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sneek. 

Heeg  Lake,  a  lake  of  the  Netherlands,  united  with  the 
Pljuessen,  extends  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  about  9  miles,  with  a 
breadth  of  li  miles.  It  communicates  with  several  other 
lakes  and  with  the  North  Sea. 

Hee-Ho,  or  Hi-Ho,  hee-ho',  a  river  of  Corea,  falls 
nto  the  Yellow  Sea  in  hit.  38°  45'  N.     Length,  75  miles. 

Hee'ley,  a  village  of  England,  on  the  Midland  Railway, 
near  Sheffield.     Pop.  3860. 

Heemstede,  haim'sti-d^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  North  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Haarlem. 
It  has  an  old  castle,  many  country  residences,  and  an  active 
trade  in  flowers,  roots,  and  seeds.     Pop.  3020. 

Heenvliet,  hain'fleet,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  South  Holland,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Meuse,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Briel.     Pop.  1233. 

Heeow-£e,  or  Hiao-Y,  he-i'o-ee',  a  town  of  China, 
in  Shan-See,  on  the  Fuen-Ho,  8  miles  S.£.  of  Faen-Choo. 


Heepen,  h&'p^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia^ 
23  miles  S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2231. 

Heer,  bain,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
IJ  miles  E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  1404. 

Heer  Arendskerke,  haiR  ^'r^nds-kin^k^b,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Mid- 
delburg.     Pop.  2886. 

Heerde,  baiR'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Arnhem.  Pop.  6293.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  paper. 

Heerenberg,  h&'rQn-b^RO^  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Gelderland,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Arnhem,  on  the 
Prussian  frontier.     Pop.  1380. 

Heerenveen,  hi'r^n-vain^  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Friesland,  on  the  Heeren-slot,  at  a  railway  junction,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1200. 

Heerhugowaard,  haiR-hoo'go-v|Rd\  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  near  Alkmaar.    Pop.  2768. 

Heerlen,  haiR'l^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  6261,  employed 
in  needle-making,  linen-bleaohing,  and  trading  in  cattle. 

Heesch,  haish,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2196. 

Heestert,  hais't^Rt,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 5  miles  E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2300. 

Heeze,  h&'z^b,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  6  ftiiles  S.E.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  1874. 

Hef'lin,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Edwardsville.  It  has  four  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ao.     Pop.  383. 

Hegenheim,  hi'gh^n-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  hi^zhdn^dm'), a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  near  the  Rhine,  14  milea 
E.  of  Altkirch.     Pop.  2190. 

Hegg,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis. 

He'gins,  a  post-township  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  7  milee 
N.W.  of  Tremont.  Pop.  1154.  It  contains  hamlets  named 
Heginsville  and  Valley  View. 

HegyaUa,  or  Hegyallya,  hAd^yai'ySh',  a  chain  of 
hills  in  North  Hungary,  forming  the  extremity  of  an  off- 
shoot of  the  Carpathians,  which  extend  S.  between  the 
Bodrog  and  Hernad  Rivers  and  between  lat.  48°  and  49°  N. 
This  is  the  C6le-d'0r  of  Hungary,  and  produces  the  winea 
called  Tokay.  The  wine-growing  district  has  an  area  of 
about  90  square  miles.     See  Tokav. 

Hegyes,  b^'ydsh',  or  Igyusch,  id^yoosh',  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  B&ca.     Pop.  4203. 

Heian,  or  Heiaiyo,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Kioto. 

Heibuk,  or  Haibak,  h&^bQk',  a  thriving  village  of 
Afghan  Toorkistan,  in  the  Khooloom  dominion,  on  the  route 
from  Afghanistan  to  Balkh,  80  miles  N.W.  of  the  Hindoo- 
Koosh,  in  a  fertile  tract,  and  having  houses  of  earth  with 
domed  roofs,  and  a  castle  of  sun-dried  brick. 

Heide,  or  Heyde,  hi'd^b,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  near  the  North  Sea,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  GlUokstadt. 
Pop.  6772. 

Heideck,  hi'ddk,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
conia,  23  miles  S.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  960. 

Heideck,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  ISmilei 
N.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Baldegg. 

Heidekrug,  hi'd^h-kr^So^  the  name  of  several  vil- 
lages of  Prussia,  Ao. 

Heidelberg,  hi'd^l-bflRO^  a  city  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  of  Bnden,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Neckar,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  31,737. 
mostly  Protestants.  It  is  picturesquely  situated,  surrounded 
by  wooded  hills  and  vineyards,  and  consists  of  a  long  main 
street,  into  which  open  many  narrow  and  gloomy  thorough- 
fares. Among  its  buildings  are  several  churches,  a  syna- 
gogue, the  university  buildings,  a  massive  prison,  the 
KarUthor,  and  the  vast  castle,  on  a  height,  now  a  ruin, 
in  the  cellar  of  which  is  the  great  Heidelberg  tun,  which 
holds  800  hogsheads.  The  university,  founded  in  1386, 
is  the  oldest  in  Germany,  has  a  library  of  200,000  vol- 
umes and  many  rare  manuscripts,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  schools  in  Europe.  Here  are  also  a  college  for 
junior  students,  elementary  schools,  botanic  gardens,  and 
other  appliances  of  learning,  with  a  museum,  Spruch-colle- 
gium,  and  dining-hall.  In  1622  the  ferocious  Tilly,  after 
bombarding  Heidelberg  for  a  month,  took  it  by  storm  and 
gave  it  up  to  three  days'  pillage.  In  1688  a  French  gene- 
ral, Melac,  on  the  orders  of  Louis  XIV.,  took  the  town  and 
burned  it,  outrivalling  even  Tilly  in  cruelty  and  brutality. 
Heidelberg  has  manufactures  of  beer  and  of  machinery. 

Heidelberg,  hi'd^l-burg,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn. 

Heidelberg,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1193, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Womelsdorf. 


UEl 


1387 


HEL 


Heidelberg)  a  township  of  Lebanon  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  2256. 
It  contains  Schaeflferstown. 

Heidelberg,  a  township  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  1441. 
It  contains  Saegersrille,  Pleasant  Corner,  and  Germansrille. 

Heidelburg,  hi'd^l-burg,  a  township  of  York  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2266, 

Heidelburgy  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  150. 

Heidelsheim,  hi'd^ls-hime^  a  town  of  Baden,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2238. 

Heidenfeld,  hi'd^n-fdlt^  or  Marktheidenfeld,  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Wiirz- 
burg.     Pop.  1900. 

Heidenheim,  hi'd§n-hime\  a  town  of  Wlirtemberg, 
on  the  Brenz,  E.  of  the  Rauhe  Alp,  35  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Ulm.  Pop.  5677.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  flan- 
nel, paper,  Ac.     Near  it  is  the  fortress  of  Hellenstein. 

Heidenheim,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle  Franconia, 
21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1481. 

Heidersdorf,  hl'd^rs-doRf  \  a  village  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Breslau,  circle  of  Nimptsch.     Pop.  1591. 

Heidersdorf)  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of 
Liegnitz,  circle  of  Lauban.     Pop.  2210. 

Heidesheim,  hi'd^s-hime^  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Rhine,  5  miles  W.  of  Mentz. 

Heidingsfeld,  hl'dings-ffilt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Main,  2  miles  S.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  3720. 

Heidlersburg,  he'dl^rz-burg,  a  post- village  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
•hurches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Heikenzand,  Netherlands.     See  Heinkbnzand. 

HeilbronUf  hil-bronn',  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  circle 
of  Neckar,  26  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart,  at  a  railway  junction, 
on  the  Neckar.  Pop.  29,941.  It  is  irregularly  laid  out. 
Principal  edifices,  the  fine  church  of  St.  Kilian,  town  hall, 
with  many  ancient  records,  house  of  the  Teutonic  knights, 
now  a  barrack,  a  royal  residence,  formerly  an  orphan  asy- 
lum, several  churches,  a  richly-endowed  hospital,  a  house  of 
correction,  and  a  remarkable  square  tower,  memorable  in 
German  history.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  silver  articles,  carpets,  tobacco,  white  lead 
and  other  chemical  products,  paper,  Ac.  The  name,  signi- 
fying "  fountain  of  health,"  is  derived  from  the  spring  which 
supplies  the  town  with  water. 

Heiligenbeil)  hi'le-gh^n-bile^  a  town  of  Prussia,  29 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Kbnigsberg,  near  the  Frische-HafiF. 
Pop.  3354. 

Ueiligenberg,  hi'le-gh^n-b^Ra^  or  Swienta  Sier- 
ka,  s^e-fin'ti  se-fiR'ki  (anc.  Ara  Flavisef),  a  town  of  Ba- 
den, 13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  693. 

Heiligenblnt,  hi'le-gh^n-bloot*,  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Gross  Glockner,  4672 
.feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  945. 

Heiligenhafen,  hi'le-gh^n-hl^f^n,  a  seaport  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the  Baltic,  33  miles  E.  of  Kiel. 
Its  harbor  is  merely  an  open  roadstead.     Pop.  2279. 

Heiligen-Kreuz,  hi'le-gh^n-kroits  ( Hun.  Szent-Ke- 
reazt,  sfint-ki^rSsst'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  28  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Barsch,  on  the  Grau.     Pop.  1060. 

Heiligenstadt)  hl'le-gh^n-st&tt^  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  at  a  railway  junction,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on 
the  Leine.  Pop.  5193.  It  is  walled,  and  has  a  castle,  sev- 
eral churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  prison,  and  manufactures  of 
clocks,  yarn,  and  woollen  cloth. 

Heiligenstadt,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  forming  a 
suburb,  on  the  N.,  of  Vienna.     Pop.  4599. 

Heiligkreuz,  hi'lio-kroits^,  a  village  and  bath-estab- 
lishment of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  circle  of  Schwatz. 

Heilig's  (hi'ligz)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co., 
N.C.,  10  miles  S.  of  Salisbury. 

Heilmandale,  hll'man-dale,  a  post-office  of  Lebanon 
CO.,  Pa.,  and  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Lebanon  to  Tre- 
mont,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Lebanon. 

Heilsberg,  hils'bflRO,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  41  miles 
S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  AUe.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  and  yarn.     Pop.  6762. 

Heilsburg,  hilz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co..  111. 

Heilsbronn,  hils^bronn',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Middle 
Franconia,  on  the  Schwabach,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Anspach. 

Heilts-Ie-Maurupt,  hSlts-l^h-mSViipt',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Marne,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cha,lons.     Pop.  808. 

Heimbach,  him'biK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  with  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton yarn  and  wooden-wares.     Pop.  910. 

Heimbach,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  26  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.    Pop.  1250. 

Heimersdorf,  hi'm^rs-doRf^  the  name  of  Tillages 


in  Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Opp«ln,  and  in  Sax** 
Meiningen. 

Heimersheim,  hl'm^rs-hlme^  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  S.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  750. 

Heimiswyi,  hi'mis-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.    Pop.  of  parish,  2319. 

Heimsheim,  hims'hime,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  14 
miles  W.  of  Stuttgart.  It  was  burned  in  the  Thirty  Yean* 
War,  and  by  the  French  in  1692  and  1693.     Pop.  1242. 

Heinau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.     See  Hatnatt. 

Heinenoord,  hi'n^h-noRd^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  11  miles  W.  of  Dort. 

Heinersdorf,  hi'n^rs-doRf  \  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  4  miles  E.  of  Sonnenberg.     Pop.  1216. 

Heiningen,  hi'ning-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  3 
miles  S.  of  Gdppingen.     Pop.  1184. 

Heinkenzand,  hin'k^n-z&nt^  or  Heikenzand,hl'- 
k^n-z&nt^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  island 
of  South  Beveland,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1343. 

Heino,  hi'no,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  1741. 

Heinrichs,  hin'riKs,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Schleusingen.     Pop.  1329. 

Heinrichsbad,  Switzerland.    See  Herisau. 

Heinrichsgrtin,  hin'riKs-grun\  or  Heynesgryn, 
hl'n9s-grin\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  near  Elbogen.    Pop.  1811. 

Heinrichswalde,  hin'riKs-Mrd^h,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1628. 

Heinrichswalde,  a  village  of  East  Prussia,  39  miles 
N.W.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1071. 

Heinrichtown,  hIn'rik-tSwn,  a  post- village  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  111.,  on  the  railroad  between  Belleville  and  Du- 
quoin,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Heinsberg,  hins'bSRO,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20 
miles  W.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Worm.     Pop.  1924. 

HeiskelPs  Station,  Tennessee.    See  Bull  Ruh. 

Heis'ker  Island,  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  7  miles  W. 
of  North  Uist.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  2  miles.     Pop.  114. 

Heislerville,  his'l§r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Millville,  and  1  mile  from 
Delaware  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Heistand,  hi'stand,  a  station  in  York  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
York  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E. 
of  York.     Near  by  there  is  an  iron-mine. 

Heistersburg,  hls't^rz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Heitersheim,  hi't§rs-hime\  a  town  of  Baden,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1305. 

Hejaz,  a  region  of  Arabia.     See  El  Hbjaz. 

Hekia,  Iceland.     See  Hecla. 

Hela,  hk']&,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  on  the  Baltio,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  425. 

Helchin,  hSl'Kin,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Scheldt,  30  miles  S.  of  Bruges. 

Heldburg,  hfilt'booRO,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  10  miles  S.  of  Hildburghausen.     Pop.  1124. 

Helder,  hSl'd^r  (Dutch,  Den  Helder,  d4n  hSl'd^r),  a 
fortified  maritime  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Hol- 
land, at  the  N.  extremity  of  that  province,  41  miles  N.W.  of 
Amsterdam,  and  separated  by  the  Mars-Diep,  2  miles  across, 
from  the  island  of  Texel.  Pop.  22,030.  It  has  some  trade 
with  Amsterdam,  with  which  it  communicates  by  the  Hel- 
der Canal,  50  miles  long  and  21  feet  deep,  and  also  by  rail- 
way. Near  it  Admiral  Van  Tromp  was  killed  in  an  action 
in  1693.  The  British  took  possession  of  Helder  in  1799,  but 
were  compelled  to  re-embark  a  few  weeks  later. 

Helder,  or  Helden,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Limburg,  9  miles  N.  of  Roermond.  It  has  distilleries  and 
breweries.     Pop.  3468. 

HeI'derbergs,  New  York,  a  range  of  hills  in  Albany 
and  Schoharie  cos.,  rise  nearly  1000  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  They  give  name  to  a  formation  of  Silurian  lime- 
stone and  to  a  period  of  geological  history. 

Heldevad,  h5rd?h-vid\  or  Helligvad,  h4l'lig-v&d% 
a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Apen- 
rade. 

Heldrungen,  hSld'rSSng-^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2112. 

Hei'en,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  oo.,  Kansas. 

Helen,  a  township  of  MoLeod  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  686. 

Helena,  an  ancient  name  of  Elne. 

Helena,  the  ancient  name  of  the  island  of  Macronisi. 

Helena,  hgl'9-na  or  h51-e'na,  a  post-village  of  Shelby 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Cahawba  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  i 
Nashville  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Birmingham.  It  ha» 
several  churches,  schools  for  white  and  colored,  and  a  roll- 
ing-mill.    Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  about  300. 


HEL 


1388 


HEL 


Helena^  a  post-town,  capital  of  Phillips  oo.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  75  miles  below  Memphis,  and 
100  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock.  It  is  the  E,  terminus 
of  the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, 9  churches,  2  oil-mills.  3  banks,  printing-oflSces 
which  issue  a  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper,  2  cotton-com- 
presses, a  brick-yard,  a  shingle-mill,  water-works,  electric- 
light-works,  Ac.  About  80,000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5189.    - 

Helena^  a  post-oflBce  of  Lake  co..  Col.,  on  the  Arkan- 
as,  about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Denver.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Helena^  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  about  25  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marengo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Helena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Maysville. 
It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac.  The  post-oflSce  name  is 
Helena  Station. 

Helena,  a  township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  539. 

Helena,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  in  Helena 
township,  36  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Sha- 
kopee.      The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1208. 

Helena,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Montana,  and  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke  co.,  is  situated  in  Prickly  Pear  Valley,  near  the 
Rooky  Mountains,  about  14  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River, 
and  115  miles  N.  of  Virginia  City.  Lat.  46°  35'  36"  N. ; 
Ion.  111°  5i2'  45"  W.  It  has  rich  gold-mines,  which  were 
discovered  in  September,  1864,  after  which  the  population 
increased  rapidly.  This  is  the  most  populous  town  in  Mon- 
tana. Three  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Helena  contains  a  court-house,  5  national  banks,  a 
United  States  land-ofiSce,  a  graded  school,  several  quartz- 
mills,  flour-mills,  lumber-mills,  and  the  oflSces  of  various 
public  functionaries;  also  12  churches,  a  Catholic  academy 
and  convent,  and  a  hospital  and  insane  asylum  under 
Catholic  management.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,834. 

Helena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Little  Nemaha  River,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Helena,  a  post- village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  St.  Regis  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Deer  River,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  'jhuroh  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Helena,  a  post-oiSce  of  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Blairsville. 

Helena,  a  post-village  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  1  mile  W,  of  Newberry,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Laurens  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  several  machine- 
•hops  of  the  railroad. 

Helena,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Karnes  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  San  Antonio  River,  about  55  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio, 
and  100  miles  S.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Helena,  or  South  Hinch'inbrook,  a  post-village 
in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec,  on  Trout  River,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Huntingdon.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  several 
•tores  and  hotels,  and  a  pop.  of  400. 

Helena  Station,  Mason  co.,  Ky.    See  Helena. 

Helena  Station,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mad- 
ison.   A  lead-mine  has  been  opened  near  this  place. 

Hel'en  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa., 
In  Highland  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Clarion  Court-House. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Helensburgh,  hfil'^nz-bvir^riih,  a  burgh  and  watering- 
place  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumbarton,  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Gareloch,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Dumbarton.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  commodious 
baths,  a  bank,  and  a  good  library.  Numerous  steamers 
ply  hence  to  Greenock  and  Glasgow.     Pop.  6231. 

Hel'enville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Jefferson,  and  about  42  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hel'enwood,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Scott  co., 
Tenn.,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Winfield.  It  has  4 
church  organizations,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  299. 

Helfenstein,  herf?n-stin\  a  post-village  of  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  li  miles  from  Locust  Gap.  It  has  a  church, 
a  coal-mine,  and  is  connected  by  rail  with  Locust  Dale. 

Hel'ford,  a  port  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Hel,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Falmouth. 

Helge-&,  h«l'ghe-o,  or  Helge-&n,  hSl'ghe-on,  a 
river  in  the  S.  of  Sweden,  enters  the  Baltic  at  Ahus,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Christianstad,  after  a  S.  course  of  80  miles. 


Helgoland,  hil'go-lind,  or  Heligoland,  hM'e-go- 
lind  ("  holy  land ;"  anc.  Her'thm  Sa'era  In'sula),  an  island 
in  the  North  Sea,  formerly  belonging  to  Great  Britain.  It 
is  46  miles  N.W.  of  the  mouths  of  the  Elbe  and  Weser. 
Lat.  54°  10'  46"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  53'  7"  E.  It  consists  of  a  rook 
rising  to  about  200  feet  in  height,  on  which  are  a  village 
and  a  light-house.  The  inhabitants,  mainly  of  Frisian 
descent,  are  mostly  occupied  as  pilots,  or  in  haddock-  and 
lobster-fisheries.  It  was  held  in  high  veneration  in  ancient 
times,  and  may  be  of  some  importance  as  a  post  in  war- 
time. It  was  owned  by  the  English  from  1807  to  1890, 
when  it  was  acquired  by  Germany  for  the  establishment  of 
a  royal  biological  station.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Helicon,  hdl'e-kon,  or  Zagora,  zi-g6'r&,  a  famous 
mountain  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  6  miles  S.  of  Livadia. 
Height,  4963  feet.  In  modern  times  it  has  been  called 
alternately  Pal^ovgdni  and  Zagora,  bat  it  has  latterly 
resumed  its  ancient  name. 

Hel'icon,  a  post-village  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  aboat 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Heligoland,  North  Sea.    See  Heloqland. 

Heliopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Matareeyeh. 

Heliopolis,  the  Greek  for  Baalbec. 

Hellada,  hll-l&M&'  (anc.  Sper'chitu),  a  river  of  Greece, 
flows  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Lamia,  N.  of  Thermopylae, 
after  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Hellah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Hillah. 

Hel'lam,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Hellam 
township,  on  the  York  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  manufactures  of  cigars,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pup.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2164. 

Hellaneeyah,  or  Hellauiyah.    See  Curia  Mdria. 

Hellas,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Greece. 

Hellebek,  hdri^h-bik^  a  village  of  Denmark,  on  the 
island  of  Secland,  at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Sound,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Elsinore. 

Heliefors,  hdri^h-fons^  a  village  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Orebro,  on  theSvartelf,  which  here  formi 
several  falls.     It  ha£  extensive  iron-works. 

Hel'len,  a  village  of  Elk  oo..  Pa.,  in  Uorton  township, 
12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ridgway.     It  haa  4  lumber-mills. 

Hellendoorn,  hiri^n-dSnn^  a  village  and  parish 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Zwolle. 
Pop.  5671. 

Hel'ler's,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2061. 

Heller's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind. 

Hel'lertown,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  4  miles  S.  of  Bethlehem.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  knitting-works,  agricultural-implement-works,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  708. 

Hellespont  (Hellespontusj.    See  Dardanelles. 

Hellevoetsluis,  Netherlands.     See  Helvoetsluis. 

Hell  Gate,  New  York,  a  narrow,  rocky  part  of  the 
East  River,  is  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Central  Park,  and  T 
miles  from  the  Battery,  or  lower  end  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  The  navigation  of  this  strait  was  formerly  danger- 
ous and  difficult,  but  the  rooks  which  obstructed  it  have 
been  removed. 

Hell  Gate  River,  Montana,  is  formed  by  Deer  Lodge 
Creek  and  the  Little  Blackfoot  River,  which  rise  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  unite  in  Deer  Lodge  co.  It  runs 
nearly  northwestward  through  a  rich  gold-region,  and  unite.i 
with  the  Bitter  Root  River  in  Missoula  co.  near  the  town  of 
Missoula.  Below  this  junction  the  stream  is  called  Bitter 
Root  or  Clarke's  River. 

Helligvad,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Heldevad. 

Hellin,  41-yeen'  or  hfil-yeen'  (anc.  Ilu'num  /),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albacete.  Pop. 
7632.  It  has  various  manufactures,  and  the  remains  of  a 
Roman  fortress.    Near  it  are  the  mineral  baths  of  Azaraque. 

Hellovo,  hdl-lo'vo  (anc.  O'thrya)  a  mountain-range  of 
Greece,  forming  the  S.  boundary  of  Thessaly.  Lat.  39°  N., 
Ion.  from  21°  4'  to  22°  E.  It  is  connected  on  the  W.  with 
the  chain  of  Pindus,  of  which  it  is  a  spur.  Eastward  its 
continuation  is  called  Mount  Varibovo.  Its  principal  peak, 
Geraco  Vouni,  rises  to  5570  feet  in  height;  other  summits 
vary  from  3000  to  4400  feet  in  elevation.  The  river  Hel- 
lada rises  on  its  S.,  and  the  Emicassos  and  Phanari,  tribu- 
taries of  the  Salembria  (anc.  Pene'ua),  on  its  N.  side. 

Hell's  Sker'ries,  a  cluster  of  the  Hebridean  Isles, 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Rum.  The  current  which  runs  be- 
tween them  is  extremely  rapid. 

Helium,  hiriilm,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Groningen. 


HEL 


1389 


HEM 


HelmarshanseUf  hfil'maRs-hdw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
lia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Diemel,  22  miles  N.  of  Cassel, 

HelmbrechtS)  bilm'brdKts,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  cir- 
cle of  Upper  Franconia,  N.W.  of  Miinchberg.     Pop.  2425. 

Helme^  hSl'm^h,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony,  joins 
the  Unstrut  3  miles  S.E.  of  Artern.     Length,  46  miles. 

Helmend)  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Helmund. 

HelmershauseU)  hSl'm^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  9  miles  W.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  965. 

Hel'met  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  state,  near  lat.  37°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  108°  8'  W.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  12,042  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Hel'mick)  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in  Clark 
township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Helm'ke's  Mill,  a  station  in  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Mendocino  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Cuflfey's  Cove.  It 
has  lumber-works. 

Helmond,  hfirm6nt  (Fr.  pron.  hSPmiN*'  or  4rm6N»'), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Aa, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  ribbons,  cotton  goods,  and  linens.     Pop.  7066. 

Helms'dale,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland, 
on  the  E.  coast,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Govan,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  the  same  name.  It  is  a  great  herring- 
fishing  station.     Pop.  794. 

Helms'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  the  Rye,  and  on  a  railway,  12  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Thirsk.  It  has  2  branch  banks,  an  elegant  church,  and 
the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Helms  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ey.,  43 
miles  from  Somerset.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Helm's  Store,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Helmstadt,  hSim'stitt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  10  miles  W.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1100. 

Helmstadt,  a  village  of  Baden,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Wertheim.     Pop.  1198. 

Helmstedt,  or  Helmsta.dt,  hdlm'stStt,  a  town  of 
Germany,  duchy  of  Brunswick,  at  a  railway  junction,  21 
miles  E.  of  Brunswick.  Pop.  7783.  It  is  an  old-fashioned 
town,  but  its  fortifications  have  been  turned  into  planted 
walks.  Tbe  principal  buildings  are  the  Lutheran  church, 
town  hall,  court-house,  several  hospitals,  a  gymnasium,  and 
a  normal  school.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap  and  tobacco- 
pipes,  and  alum-  and  vitriol-works.  In  its  vicinity  are 
coal-mines  and  mineral  baths. 

Helmnnd,  hdl'miind,  written  also  Helmend  (anc. 
Etyman' drua  or  Etyman'der),  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  rises 
35  miles  W.  of  Cabool,  flows  W.S.W.  through  the  Afghanis- 
tan Desert,  and  near  lat.  31°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  62°  E.  enters 
Lake  Hamoon  by  several  mouths,  after  a  total  course  esti- 
mated at  650  miles.  Its  banks  are  very  fertile,  and  abound 
almost  everywhere  with  traces  of  former  cultivation  and 
wealth ;  but  at  a  little  distance  the  country  on  either  side  is 
a  mere  arid  waste. 

Helm'ville,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Helo'tes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  on  Helotes 
Creek,  15  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  Two  miles  from 
this  place  is  an  extensive  cave  in  a  hill. 

Help'er  Switch,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad  (Bellaire  &  Zanesville  di- 
vision), 11  miles  E.  of  Zanesville. 

Helsa,  hSl'si,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1060. 

Helsingborg,  hfil'sing-boRg^  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Sweden,  laen  of  Malmohus,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  MalmS, 
on  the  Sound,  opposite  Elsinore.  Pop.  7134.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  a  fine  council-house,  and  manufactures  of  earthen- 
wares and  iron  goods,  and  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways. 

Helsingfors,  h51'sing-foRs\  a  seaport  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  100  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Abo.  Lat.  60°  11'  N.  ;  Ion.  24°  57'  E.  Pop.  41,230.  It 
has  a  fine  town  hall,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  university,  re- 
moved from  Abo  in  1827,  various  museums,  and  a  poly- 
technic school.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Lutheran  archbishop,  and 
has  an  active  trade.  Its  harbor  is  defended  by  the  strong 
citadel  of  Sveaborg. 

Helsingland,  h5rsing-14nt\  a  former  division  of 
Sweden,  now  part  of  the  lajn  of  Gefle. 

Helsingor,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Elsinore. 

Hel'stone,  or  Hel'ston,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Cornwall,  on  the  Looe,  10  miles  by  rail  AV.S.W.  of  Fal- 
mouth. It  is  neatly  built,  and  iS  watered  by  streams  running 
through  its  streets.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  a  banking 
company,  and  an  export  trade  in  tin,  cepper,  and  shoes, 
from  Port  Leven  and  Looe  Pool.  Iron,  coal,  and  timber 
are  extensively  imported.     Pop.  3797. 


Helt,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  B. 
by  the  Wabash  River,  and  W.  by  the  Illinois  line.  Pop. 
2794.     It  contains  Hillsdale. 

Heltau,  hil'tSw,  or  Nagy  Diznod,  n5dj  diz^nod',  a 
village  of  Austria,  in  Transylvania,  6  miles  S.  of  Her- 
mannstadt.     Pop.  3255. 

Hel'ton,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1004. 

Hel'ton  Station,  a  post-ofSce  and  station  of  Marion 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  <k  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
mine  of  iron  ore. 

Hel'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Helvel'Iyn,  one  of  the  highest  mountains  of  England, 
CO.  of  Cumberland,  forming  part  of  the  mountain-chain 
between  Keswick  and  Ambleside.     Height,  3055  feet. 

Helvetia.    See  Switzerland. 

Helvetia,  hel-ve'she-a,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carver  co.,  Minn. 

Helvetia,  a  post-ofl5ce  and  Swiss  settlement  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  W.  Va.,  58  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 
church,  and  60  families,  mostly  supported  by  agriculture. 

Helvetia,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Ogdensburg  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  223. 

Helvetic  Confederation.    See  Switzerland. 

Helvoetsluis,  or  Helvoetsloys,  hfiPvCSt-slois', 
written  also  Hellevoetsluis,  h5ri§h-v35t-slois',  a  for- 
tified seaport  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  South 
Holland,  on  the  Haringvliet,  the  largest  mouth  of  the 
Rhine,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam.  Pop.  4651.  It  has  a 
fine  harbor,  an  arsenal,  a  dock-yard,  and  a  naval  school. 

Helvoirt,  hfirvoiRt',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1432. 

Hem'atite,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  35  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hemau,  hi'mSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  15  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1605. 

Hem'el-Hemp'stead,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Herts,  li  miles  from  Broxmore  station  of  the  London  A 
Birmingham  Railway,  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  London.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated,  and  has  a  richly  ornamented  Norman 
church,  a  union  workhouse,  the  West  Herts  Infirmary,  and 
manufactures  of  straw  plait  and  paper.     Pop.  5996. 

Hemixheim,h4'mix-hime\orHemixem,hi'meex^- 
fira',  a  village  of  Belgium,  5  miles  S.  of  Antwerp,  near  the 
right  bank  of  the  Scheldt.  Pop.  3400.  It  contains  a 
church,  and  the  castles  of  Calbeek  and  Emsdael,  andV 
near  it,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Schelle-Vliet  with  the 
Scheldt,  stands  the  old  Abbey  of  St.  Bernard. 

Hem'lock,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Salt  Lick 
township,  3  miles  from  Shawnee  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Hemlock,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co,,  Pa.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19  or  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Hemlock,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1170. 

Hemlock,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Mary's. 

Hemlock  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Detroit,  Lansing,  &  North- 
ern Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Saginaw.  It  has 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Hemlock  Grove,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Hemlock  Gutter,  a  station  in  Westport  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Bedford  A  Fall  River  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  from  Fall  River. 

Hemlock  HoIIoav,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

Hemlock  Lake,  New  York,  between  Ontario  and 
Livingston  cos.,  is  7  miles  long  and  nearly  1  mile  wide.  The 
outlet  joins  Honeoye  Creek. 

Hemlock  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  outlet  of  Hemlock  Lake,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Roches- 
ter.   It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  foundry.     P.  257. 

Hem'mingford,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Lachine  &,  Prov- 
ince line  division),  36  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It  is  a  port 
of  entry,  and  contains  2  hotels,  8  stores,  and  saw-,  grist-, 
and  carding-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Hemp'field,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lancaster. 

Hempfield,  a  township  of  Mercer  co,.  Pa.  Pop.  1119, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Greenville. 

Hempfield,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
5819,  inclusive  of  Adamsburg  and  Grapeville,  but  not  of, 
Greensburg. 

Hemp'hill,  a  county  of   the   Panhandle  of  Teza«, 


HEM 


13UU 


HEN 


bounded  E.  by  the  Indian  Territory.     Area,  900  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  149;  in  1890,  519.       .„,.,,,  ^. 

Hemphill,  a  station  on  the  West  Chester  A  Philadelphia 
Bailroad,  2  miles  E.  by  S.  of  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Hemphill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sabine  co.,  Tex., 
100  miles  E.  of  Trinity  Railroad  Station,     It  has  a  church. 

Hemp'stead,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  742  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Little  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Red  River, 
which  is  here  navigable.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and 
marly  limestone  (cretaceous).  The  Osage  orange  is  in- 
digenous here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  and  the  Arkansas  <fc 
Louisiana  Railroad.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,768;  in  1880,  19,015;  in  1890,  22,796. 

Hempstead,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hempstead  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad  and 
on  the  Flushing  <fc  North  Side  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn.  The  Hempstead  Branch  of  the  South  Side  Rail- 
road connects  it  with  Valley  Stream  Station  of  the  main 
line.  It  has  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  seminary,  a 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  straw  hats  and  cork  soles.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4831.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  comprises  Rockaway,  a  fashionable 
bathing-place.     Its  surface  is  level.     Pop.  23,756. 

Hempstead,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Waller  oo., 
Tex.,  on  or  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  and  on 
the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  at  the  E.  terminus 
of  the  Austin  Branch  of  the  same,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Hous- 
ton, and  113  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Austin.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  oil-mill,  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  in  1890,  1671. 

Hempstead  Bay,  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  situated  on 
the  S.  side  of  Long  Island,  is  6  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 

Hems,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Homs. 

Hemsbach,  hSms'biK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Berg- 
strasse,  and  on  the  Main-Neckar  Railway,  3  miles  N.  of 
Weinheim.     Pop.  1621. 

Hemsden,  hSm'so^^n,  a  Swedish  island  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hernosand.  Length,  from  N. 
to  S.,  5  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Hen^agar',  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Hen  and  Chick'ens,  a  group  of  islands  at  the  W. 
extremity  of  Lake  Erie,  about  9  miles  W.  of  Point  Pelee 
Island.  The  Hen  is  about  5  acres  in  superficies;  the 
Chickens  are  mere  rocks. 

Hen  and  Chick'ens,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Strait  of  Macassar,  in  lat.  6°  28' 
S.,  Ion.  117°  54'  E. 

Henares,  i-n&'ris,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
joins  the  Jarama,  an  affluent  of  the  Tagus,  IC  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Madrid,  after  a  S.W,  course  of  75  miles. 

Hendaye,  a  town  of  France.     See  Andayr. 

Hen'derson,  a  county  of  Illinois,  bordering  on  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Hen- 
derson River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat, 
oata,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staples.  Limestone  underlies 
a  large  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Oquawka,  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,582;  in  1880,  10,722;  in  1890,  9876. 

Henderson,  a  western  county  of  Kentucky,  adjacent 
to  Evansville,  Ind.,  has  an  area  of  about  472  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.E. 
by  Green  River,  which  enters  the  Ohio  in  the  N.  part  of 
this  county.     The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large 

?art  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile, 
obacoo,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. In  1870  it  produced  6,600,506  pounds  of  tobacco, 
and  more  than  any  other  county  in  the  United  States.  This 
county  has  beds  of  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville A  Nashville,  Ohio  Valley,  and  Louisville,  St.  Louit, 
A  Texas  Railroads.  Capital,  Henderson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,467;  in  1880,  24,515;  in  1890,  29,536. 

Henderson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  and  S.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
French  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  A  Dan- 
Tille  Railroad.  Capital,  Hendersonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
n06:  in  1880,  10,281;  in  1890,  12;589. 


Henderson,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Beech  iiml  Big 
Sandy  Creeks,  affluents  of  the  Tennessee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  oak, 
chestnut,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  In  1870  this  county  had  231,446 
acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
eom,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Marl  is 
abundant.  This  county  is  intersected  from  E.  to  W.  by  the 
Tennessee  Midland  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Lex 
ington,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,217 
in  1880,  17,430;  in  1890,  16,336. 

Henderson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas. 
Area,  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  Neches 
River,  and  on  the  S.W,  by  Trinity  River,  The  surface  i* 
undulating  or  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  Capital,  Athens. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6786;  in  1880,  97.35;  in  1890,  12,285. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  3  stores,  and  there  are  several  churohee 
near  it.     Pop.  about  250. 

Henderson,  a  hamlet  of  Houston  oo.,  Oa.,  10  mile» 
from  Perry  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Henderson,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A 
Terre  Haute  Railroad.  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Greenville,  111. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  in  Hen- 
derson township,  3  miles  W.  of  Wataga,  and  6  miles  N.  of 
Galesburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Coal 
abounds  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1742. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  201. 

Henderson,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Henderson  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  10  miles  below  Evansville,  Ind.,  and 
74  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hopkinsville.  It  has  a  court-house, 
10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  18  tobacco- 
factories,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  foundries,  a  cotton-factory, 
3  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  chum-factory, 
Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  8835. 
Henderson,  a  post-office  of  East  Carroll  parish.  La. 
Henderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  54 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.  > 

Henderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
on  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Corunna,  It  haa 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Henderson,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich,  P.  76. 
Henderson,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Sibley  oo,, 
Minn.,  in  Henderson  township,  on  the  left  or  W,  bank  of 
the  Minnesota  River,  about  .30  miles  below  Mankato,  and 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  i  mile  from  the  St. 
Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  which  is  on  the  other  bank  of 
the  river,  at  East  Henderson.  Henderson  contains  a  court- 
house, 4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  grist- 
mill. A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  (1890) 
of  borough,  909;  of  township,  additional,  719. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Benton  township,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Henderson  township,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown, 
and  2  miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  358.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  has  a  steamboat- 
landing.     Pop.  1688. 

Henderson,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Vance  co.,  N.C., 
14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Raleigh,  and  12  miles  E.  of 
Oxford.  It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  a  female  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco.  Pop,  in 
1890.  4191. 

Henderson,  a  station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Henderson,  township,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa,    Pop,  66L 
Henderson,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co,,  Pa.     Pop. 
884.     It  contains  the  village  of  Big  Run. 

Henderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  oo..  Pa.,  in  Worth 
township,  about  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Franklin,    It  has  a  church. 
Henderson,  a  station  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad, 
3  miles  S.W,  of  Norristown,  Pa. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co,,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S,E,  of  Jackson.  It 
ha«  a  masonic  institute  for  both  sexes,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  6  churches  (2  colored).     Pop.  about  600. 

Henderson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex., 
about  55  miles  N.E,  of  Palestine,  and  40  miles  S.AV,  of 
Marshall,  It  is  the  seat  of  Henderson  College  for  both 
sexes,  which  was  organized  in  1871,     It  has  4  churches,  a 


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bank,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  pottery-works,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1636. 

Henderson  Harbor,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  oc,  N.Y., 
on  Henderson  Bay,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sackett's  Harbor. 

Henderson  Lake,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  2i  miles 
long,  and  is  connected  with  Lake  Sandford  by  the  Adiron- 
dack River.     It  is  1874  feet  above  tide- water. 

Henderson's,  a  station  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Henderson's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-ofBce  of  Wilson 
eo.,  Tenn. 

Henderson's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Eliza- 
beth Island. 

Henderson's  Island,  Col.    See  Island  Station. 

Henderson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Henderson's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co., 
Tenn. 

Henderson  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ford  co..  111., 
in  Patton  township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Bloomington  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  4^  miles  W.  of  Paxton. 

Henderson  Station,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.     See  Home. 

Hen'dersonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henderson 
CO.,  N.C,  in  Hendersonville  township,  on  the  Spartanburg 
&  Asheville  Railroad,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Spartanburg, 
and  100  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  an  academy,  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  canning-factory,  a  furniture- factory, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  1216;  of  the  town- 
ship, 3355. 

Hendersonville,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Sumner  High  School, 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Hen'drick,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Hen'dricks,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  In- 
diana, has  an  area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  head  streams  of  Eel  River  and  by  White  Lick  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cattle,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Vandalia,  the 
Indianapolis,  Decatur  A  Western,  and  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  latter  road  passing  through 
Danville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,277  ; 
in  1880,  22,981;  in  1890,  21,498. 

Hendricks,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1704. 

Hendricks,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb. 

Hendricks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Pennsburg.  It  has 
a  church. 

Hendrick's  Head,  a  point  at  the  entrance  of  Sheeps- 
oott  River,  Me.,  has  a  fixed  light  30  feet  high. 

Hen'drickson,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Poplar 
Bluff. 

Hendrick's  Store,  a  po&t-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Hen'drix,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Bloomington. 

Hen'drum,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Hendrysburg,  hen'driz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Bel- 
mont CO.,  0.,  5  miles  N.  of  Barnesville,  and  about  26  miles 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  distillery, 

Hendy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 

Heneagua,  Bahama  Islands.     See  Inagua. 

Hen'ery,  a  small  fortified  island  of  British  India, 
presidency  and  15  miles  S.  of  Bombay.  Lat.  18°  41'  N. ; 
Ion.  72°  57'  E.  Adjacent  to  it  is  another  islet,  also  fortified, 
and  named  Kenery. 

Hengam,  an  island  of  Asia.    See  Anoauh. 

Heng- Choo-Foo,  h4ng^  - choo^  - foo',  or  Heng- 
Tcheou,  hing-chi-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo- 
Nan,  on  the  Heng-Kiang.     Lat.  26°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  112°  18'E. 

Hengelo,  hSng^Heh-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.,  with  parish,  6388. 

Hengelo,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland, 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.,  with  parish,  3487. 

Hengersberg,  h4ng'§rs-bSR6*,  a  town  of  Lower  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Danube,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1340. 

Heng-Kiang,  hfing^-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Hoo-Nan,  after  a  N.  course  of  nearly  300  miles, 
traverses  Tong-Ting-Hoo,  and  enters  the  Yang-tse-Kiang. 
The  cities  of  Heng-Choo-Foo  and  Chang-Sha  are  on  its 
banks. 

Hengoed,  h4ng'o-ed  or  hin'gwfid,  a  village  of  Wales, 
00.  of  Carmarthen,  1  mile  N.  of  Llanelly.     Pop.  2167. 

Hengoed,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  5 
'uiles  by  rail  N.  of  Caerphilly.     Pop.  882. 

Hengwiller,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Ingwillbr. 


H6nin>Li6tard,  hi-n&N<>'-Ie-&^taR',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Paji-de-Calais,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of 
B^thune.  Pop.  5491.  It  has  coal-mines,  a  glass-factory, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cambric. 

Hen'ley,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Klamath  River,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Yreka. 

Hen'ley-in-Ar'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  War- 
wick, at  the  confluence  of  the  Arrow  and  the  Alne,  8^  miles 
W.  of  Warwick.  It  contains  a  church  with  a  beaatifal  in- 
terior, of  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  and  remains  of  an 
ancient  market-cross.     Pop.  1101. 

Henley-on-Thames,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  and 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford,  on  a  railway.  The  town  is  beau- 
tifully situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Chiltern  Hills.  It  has  sni 
elegant  five-arched  stone  bridge  across  the  Thames,  a  Gothic 
church  with  a  lofty  spire,  grammar-schools,  almshouses, 
and  a  trade  in  malt,  corn,  and  timber.     Pop.  4623. 

Hen'leys,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Hen'leyrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tehama  oo.,  CaL,  14 
miles  W.  of  Tehama  Station. 

Henlopen,  Cape.    See  Cape  Henlopen, 

Henneberg,  hln'n§h-b4RG\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  665. 

Hennebont,  or  Hennebon,  hfinn^b6N»',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the  Blavet,  36  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Vannes.     It  has  considerable  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  4844. 

Hennegau,  or  Hennegowen*    See  Hainact. 

Hen'nepin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Min- 
nesota River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Crow  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous 
small  lakes,  one  of  which  is  named  Minnetonka.  A  large 
part  of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak, 
ash,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheal, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  nay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  A  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A 
Kansas  City  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
A  Omaha  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Minne- 
apolis.    Pop.  in  1880,  67,013;  in  1890,  185,294. 

Hennepin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  111., 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  about  28  miles  below 
Ottawa,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Bureau  Junction  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  In  1890,  574. 

Hennersdorf,  hSn'n^rs-doRf^  or  Unter  Branna, 
SSn't^r  br&n'n&,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Sowinetz  with  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1300. 

Hennersdorf,  or  Gross  Hennersdorf,  groce  hdn'- 
n^rs-doRf^  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Bautzen.     Pop.  1429,  mostly  Moravians. 

Hennersdorf-in-Seifen,  hfin'n^rs-doRf^-in-si-f^n, 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Gross  Hen- 
nersdorf.    Pop.  6309,  engaged  in  weaving,  Ac. 

Hen'nessey,  a  post-village  of  Kingfisher  co.,  Okla- 
homa, 51  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Union  City.     It  has  4  churches, 

2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  800. 
Hen'niker,  a  post-town  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 

Contoocook  River,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Concord.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill,  a  shoe-factory, 
Ac.     Pop.  1385. 

Hen'ning,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  III. 

Henning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Hen'ning's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
2<t  miles  from  Williamsburg  Station,  and  about  28  miles  E. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory. 

Hennny^res,  hin^nii^yaiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1660. 

Henon,  heh-niN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cdtes-da- 
Nord,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  306. 

Hen  Peck,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  2^  miles  froa 
Hoover  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Henri- Chapel le,  h6N"'ree'-shi'pfill',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1440. 

Henrichemont,  h&N<>^reesh^m&N<>',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Cher,  17  miles  W.  of  Sancerre.     Pop.  1516. 

Henrico,  hSn-ri'ko,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  256  square  miles.  It  if 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Chickahvminy  River,  and  oa 
the  S.W.  by  the  James  River.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Tertiary  strata 
are  found  in  the  S.E.  part  and  granite  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  this  county.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple 


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Inoduots,  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
B  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio  Railroad.  Other 
railroads  connected  with  it  are  noticed  in  the  article  on 
Biohmond,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county  and  of  Virgima. 
This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
66,179;  in  1880,  82,703;  in  1890, 103,394. 

Hen^riet'ta,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Henrietta  township,  at  Marsh's  Corners,  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1146. 

Henrietta^  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  9  miles 
from  Windsor  Station. 

Henrietta,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Edgar. 

Henrietta,  sometimes  called  East  Henrietta,  a 
post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Henrietta  township, 
about  6  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Genesee  River.  Pop.  of  the  township 
in  1890,  2135.  Henrietta  Station  on  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad  is  in  this  township,  at  the  village  of 
West  Henrietta,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester. 

Henrietta,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  C,  in  Hen- 
rietta township,  about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Oberlin,  and  3  miles 
N.  of  Kipton  Station.  It  has  several  churches  and  cheese- 
factories.     Pop.  of  the  township,  819. 

Henrietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Morrison's  Cove  Branch  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  an 
iron-mine  and  16  houses. 

Henrietta,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Henrietta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Tex., 
95  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  8  churches, 
2  banks,  manufactures  of  flour,  cigars,  &,a.,  and  3  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2100. 

Henrietta,  a  post-township  of  Richland  co.,  Wis., 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  contains  Wood- 
stock.    Pop.  1143. 

Hen'ry,  the  most  S.E.  county  of  Alabama.  Area,  984 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoochee 
River,  which  separates  it  from  Georgia.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  partly  sandy.  Cotton,  maize, 
and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alabama 
Midland  Railroad.  Capital,  Abbeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,191;  in  1880, 18,761  ;  in  1890,  24,847. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  322  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  South  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Ocmulgee.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  and 
the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad.  Among  its  minerals 
are  iron  and  quartz.  Capital,  McDonough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,102;  in  1880,  14,193;  in  1890,  16,220. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Rock  River,  is  intersected  by  Green  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Edwards  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  quarries  of  limestone.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  <t  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Rock 
Island  &  Peoria  Railroad,  the  last-mentioned  railroad  pass- 
ing through  Cambridge,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,506: 
in  1880,  36,597;  in  1890,  33,388. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Big  Blue 
Biver,  and  also  drained  by  Fall  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating  and  partly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
nets.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Fort  Wayne  & 
Louisville  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  New  Castle.  Pop.  in  1870. 
22,986;  in  1880,  24,016;  in  1890,  23,879. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Skunk  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
»nd  IS  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  hard  timber, 
which  is  here  abundant ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  is  based 
on  limestone.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
By  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quin«y  Railroad,  the  St. 


Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Burlington 
&  Northwestern  Railway,  and  the  Burlington  A  Western 
Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,463; 
in  1880,  20,986  ;  in  1890,  18,895. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
272  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  beech,  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Limestone  of  good  quality  underlies  the  soil.  This 
county  is  directly  connected  with  Cincinnati  by  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad.  Capital,  Newcastle. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,066;  in  1880,  14,492;  in  1890,  14,164. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  740  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Deep  Water  and  Tebo  Creeks.  The 
Osage  River  touches  the  S.E.  corner  of  this  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  <fco. ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is  bituminous  coal. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Osceola  A  Southern  Railroad, 
and  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis  Railroad. 
Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,401;  in  1880,  23,906; 
in  1890,  28,235, 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maumee 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Beaver  Creek.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  dense 
forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and 
oak  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City 
Railroad.  Capital,  Napoleon.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,028;  in 
1880,  20,585;  in  1890,  25,080. 

Henry,  a  county  of  West  Tenn«aM«,  borders  on  Ken- 
tucky. Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Tennessee  and  Big  Sandy  Rivers,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Obiun  River, 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
cotton,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  Cretaceous  strata  underlie  part  of  this 
county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad  and  the  Paducah,  Tennessee  A  Alabama  Railroad, 
both  of  which  communicate  with  Paris,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  20,380;  in  1880,  22,142;  in  1890,  21,070. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Smith's  River,  an  affluent  of  Dan  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
Tobacco,  Indian  com,  and  oats  are  the  staples.  The  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Danville  A  Western  and  the  Roanoke 
A  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Martinsville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,303;  in  1880,  16,009;  in  1890,  18,208. 

Henry,  a  post-village  in  Henry  township,  Marshall  oo., 
111.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  on 
the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  above  Lacon,  and  33  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Peoria.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  Marshall  College,  founded  in  1855.  Pop. 
1512 ;  of  the  township,  1865.  Here  is  a  combination  bridge, 
lock,  and  dam  of  the  Illinois  River  Improvement. 

Henry,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2374. 

Henry,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  4009. 

Henry,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  ut  Lexington  Junc- 
tion, where  two  divisions  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A 
Northern  Railroad  cross  each  other,  5  miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Henry,  a  post-village  of  Codington  co.,  S.D.,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  194. 

Henry,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church. 

Henry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  5  miles  E.  of 
Jarrett's  Railroad  Station. 

Hen'ry,  a  post- village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  4i  miles 
S.  of  L'Orignal.     Pop.  200. 

Henry  Clay  Fac'tory,  or  Rokeby,  rok'be,  a  post- 
village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  Wilming- 
ton, and  i  mile  from  Greenville  Station.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  powder,  cotton,  and  wool. 

Henry  Iiake,  Idaho,  lies  among  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
near  the  S.W.  border  of  Montana,  about  lat.  44°  38'  N., 
Ion.  111°  34'  W.    It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  6443  feet  abova 


HEN 


1393 


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the  level  of  the  sea.  Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake  River 
rises  in  this  lake,  which  is  environed  by  mountains  and  four 
remarkable  passes,  namely,  Raynold's  Pass,  Targee  or  East 
Pass,  Henry's  or  South  Pass,  and  Red  Rock  or  West  Pass, 

Henry's,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  118  miles  W.  of  Salisbury. 

Henry's  Bend,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River,  2  miles  E.  of  Oleopolis. 

Henry's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co., 
Tenn.,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Strawberry  Plains.  It  has  a 
jhurch  and  an  academy. 

Henry's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Henry's  Fork  of  Green  River  rises  among  the  Uintah 
Mountains,  on  the  slope  of  Gilbert's  Peak,  near  the  S.  border 
of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters 
the  Green  River  in  Sweetwater  co.,  after  a  course  of  about 
70  miles.     Its  valley  is  fertile  and  beautiful. 

Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake  River  rises  in  Henry 
Lake,  Idaho,  among  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs 
southward  and  southwestward  in  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  and 
enters  the  Snake  River  near  lat.  43°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112°  W. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long.  Several  cataracts  occur  on  this 
river. 

Henry  Station,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  <Ss  Memphis  Railroad,  121  miles  N.E.  of 
Memphis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  male  and  female  institute, 
and  a  cotton-factory. 

Hen'rysvilie,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala., 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Uuntsville.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Marshall  Institute. 

Henrysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  45  miles  S.E. 
of  Scranton. 

Hen'ryton,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Hen'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
spoke-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Henryville,  a  village  of  Logan  oc,  Ky.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Russellville. 

Henryville,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.    P.  342. 

Henryville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Miss. 

Henryville,  a  village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  66  miles 
S.W.  of  Roseburg.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  100. 

Henryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Hen'ryville,  or  Saint  George  de  Henryville 
84n»  zhoRzh  d?h  hfinoVeeVeel'  (also  called  Riviere  du 
Snd,  reeVe-aiR'  dii  sUd),  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  on  RiviSre  du  Sud,  9  miles  W.  of  Des  Rivieres.  It 
has  2  stores,  4  hotels,  a  convent,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  700. 

Henschau,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Hanusfalva. 

Hensies,  hins'y^s  or  hftNo^see',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Hainaut,  Hi  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1828. 

Hens'ley,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  111.    Pop.  804. 

Hensley,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1668. 

Hen'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Windham  township,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church. 

Henzada,  hen-z&'d&,  or  Henthada,  hen-thS,'d&,  a 
town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  the  district  of  Henzada, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pegu.     Pop.  15,285. 

Henzada,  formerly  Myanonng,  mee^&-nowng',  a 
district  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu.  Area,  4047  square 
miles.     Capital,  Henzada.     Pop.  476,612. 

Heong-Shan,  he-ong*-shin',  a  commercial  town  of 
China,  in  Quang-Tong,  on  a  branch  of  the  Canton  River,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Macao. 

Hep'burn,  a  post-village  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Brownville  &  Nodaway  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Cla- 
rinda.     Pop.  about  100. 

Hepburn,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  971. 

Heperjes,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Eperies. 

Hepha,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Haiffa. 

Heph'zibah,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  flint-quarry,  and  a  manufactory  of  ploughs,  wagons,  Ac. 

Hep'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Walnut  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  church. 

Hepler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Pottsville. 

Heppenlieim,  hfip'p^n-hime^  a  walled  town  of  Hease, 
on  the  Main-Neckar  Railway,  16  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt. 
It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  wine,  &c.     Pop.  4258. 


Heppenheini-an-der-Wiese,  hAp'p^n-hlme'-ln- 
d^R-^ee'z^h,  a  village  of  Hesse,  33  milea  S.S.E.  of  Me^ts, 
on  the  Eisbach.     Pop.  1268. 

Hepp'ner,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morrow  co.,  Oregon, 
55  miles  hy  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Willows  Junction.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
planing-miil,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  675, 

Hep'worth,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  100. 

Heraclea,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Demir-Hissab. 

Heraclea,  or  Heracleia,  Asia.    See  Ereglee. 

Heraiki,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.   See  Croker  Island. 

Heraklia,  or  Heraclia,  h4r'S,-klee'i  (anc  Dony'aa), 
a  small  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  6  miles  S.  of 
Naxos,  4  miles  long  and  3  miles  wide. 

Her'ald  Island,  Alaska,  in  the  Arctic.  Lat.  71"  20' 
N.;  Ion.  175°  16'  W. 

Herald's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  White  co., 
111.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Little  Wabash  River.     P.  1160. 

Herat,  h§r-ilt',  Heraut,  he-rit',  or  Herath,  h^r- 
it'h,  formerly  Heri,  hi'ree\  a  fortified  city  of  Afghan- 
istan, capital  of  a  chiefship,  near  the  Herri-Rood,  or  Hury 
River,  360  miles  W.  of  Cabool,  and  200  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Meshed,  in  Khorassan.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  30'  E. 
Elevation,  2500  feet.  A  ditch,  mound,  and  bastioned  wall 
enclose  an  oblong  area,  1  mile  in  length,  entered  by  five 
gates,  the  interior  divided  by  four  arched  bazaars  meeting 
in  a  domed  quadrangle  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  Herat  con- 
tains many  shops,  caravansaries,  public  baths,  reservoirs, 
and  mosques.  On  the  N.  side  of  the  city  is  a  strong  cita- 
del, and  without  the  walls  are  magnificent  ruins  of  a  re- 
ligious edifice,  and  an  enormous  mound,  raised  by  Nadir 
Shah.  The  vicinity  is  very  beautiful,  irrigated  by  numer- 
ous canals,  and  highly  productive.  Herat  has  been  usually 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  places  in  the  East,  as  a  grand 
mart  for  the  products  of  India,  China,  Tartary,  Afghanistan, 
and  Persia.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  carpets,  sheep- 
skin caps  and  cloaks,  shoes,  &c.  Most  of  its  wealthy  mer- 
chants are  Hindoos.  It  was  for  a  long  time  the  capital 
of  the  empire  founded  by  Tamerlane.  Its  territory  now 
extends  N.  to  the  Moorghaub  Mountains,  and  E.  nearly  to 
Candahar ;  and  it  is  a  post  of  great  military  as  well  as  com- 
mercial importance,  and  has  consequently  been  often  be- 
sieged.    Pop.  30,000. 

B^rault,  hiVo'  or  i^ro'  (anc.  Arau'ria),  a  river  of 
France,  rises  in  the  Cevennes,  in  Gard,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  near  Agde,  in  Herault. 

Herault,  a  maritime  department  of  the  S.  of  France, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  formed  of  a  portion  of  the  old  prov- 
ince of  Languedoc.  Area,  2382  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 
461,651.  The  surface  is  traversed  by  offsets  of  the  CIvennes, 
interspersed  by  fine  valleys.  Principal  rivers,  the  H6rault, 
Orb,  and  Lez.  Coasts  low,  forming  vast  (tangs  (marshy 
lakes).  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  fruits,  and  wines.  The  min- 
eral products  comprise  coal,  iron,  lead,  copper,  fine  building- 
stone,  and  marble.  The  marshes  furnish  a  great  quantity 
of  salt.  Commerce  is  facilitated  by  means  of  the  Canal  du 
Midi  and  by  railways.  Capital,  Montpellier.  The  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Montpellier, 
Beziers,  Lodeve,  and  Saint-Pons. 

Herbanum,  an  ancient  name  of  Ortieto. 

Her'bemont,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Herbcrn,  hSR'bfrn,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16 
miles  S.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1100. 

Her'bert,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 

Herbertingen,  hfin'b^r-ting^en,  a  village  of  WUrtem- 
berg,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop."  1532. 

Her'bertsville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Brick 
township,  2i  miles  from  Allendale.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
brick-yard. 

Herbesthal,  hfin'bes-tlir,  a  station  on  the  Belgium 
Railway,  between  Aix-la-Chapelle  and  Verviers. 

Herbeumont,  h4R'buh^m6No',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1200. 

Herbiers,  or  Les  Herbiers,  \kz  ^R^be-i',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Vend6e,  on  the  Main,  24  miles  N.E.  of  La  Roche- 
sur-Yon.    Pop.  1785. 

Herbignac,  hiR^been^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  18  miles  'W.N.W.  of  Savenay.  Pop.  of 
commune,  3784. 

Herbitzheim,  hfiR'bits-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  h^R^beot^- 
s5m'),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Zabern.     Pop.  1622. 

Herblay,  hfiR^bli',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  on  the  Seine,  9  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Paris.  P.  Iftll. 

Herbolzheim,  h^R'bolts-hime',  a  town  of  Baden,  IM 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1996. 


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1394 


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Herbom,  hfiB'boEn,  a  town  of  PruBsia,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Nassau,  on  the  Dille.  Pop.  2716.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  an  old  hill-fortress,  and  a  famous  Calvinist 
seminary,  established  in  1584. 

Her'born,  a  post-oflSce  of  Shelby  co.,  111. 

Herbrechtingen,  h5R'brAKt'ing-§n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  on  the  Brenz,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ulm.    Pop.  1706. 

Herbsleben,  hfiRbs'li^b^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Glotha,  on  the  Unstrut,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Gotha. 
Pop.  2189.  ^ 

Herbstein,  hfiRb'stine,  a  town  of  Hesse,  14  miles  W. 
of  Pulda,     Pop.  1616. 

Herck,  hfiRk,  or  Herke,  hSR'k^h,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  Limbourg,  9  miles  W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2200. 

Hercula'neum,  or  Hercula'num  (It.  Ercolano, 
JR-ko-l&'no),  an  ancient  and  buried  city  of  South  Italy, 

Srovince  and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Naples,  near  the  Bay  of 
raples,  and  at  the  W.  declivity  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  during 
the  eruption  of  which,  a.d.  79,  it  was  submerged  by  a  flood 
of  lava  and  showers  of  ashes.     Its  site  was  discovered  in 
1713,  and,  although  extensive  excavations  have  been  made, 
thegreater  part  of  the  town  is  still  covered. 
Sferculis  Libronis  Portus.    See  Leghorn, 
Herculis  Portus,  the  ancient  name  of  Porto  Ercole. 
Hercynia  Sylva.    See  Harz  and  Black  Forest. 
Herdeke,  hdR'd&'k^h,  Herdegge,  or  Herdecke, 
h^R'dSk^k^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Ruhr, 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dortmund.     Pop.  3738. 
Herd'land,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  146. 
Herd's  Island,  in  Mcintosh  co,,  Ga,,  is  one  of  the 
sea-island  group  or  'chain.     Pop.  13. 

Hereford,  hfir'e-fprd,  or  Herefordshire,  hfir'e-f9rd- 
shjr,  an  inland  county  in  the  W.  of  England.  Area,  833 
square  miles.  Surface  beautifully  undulating,  and  the  soil 
unoBiially  fertile.  Principal  hills,  the  Hatterel  range  of  the 
Blaok  Mountains  in  the  S.W.,  and  the  Malvern  on  the  E. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Wye,  Lugg,  Arrow,  Frome,  and  Monnow. 
Chief  agricultural  produce,  wheat  and  barley,  apples,  pears, 
and  bops,  all  of  superior  quality.  The  apple-crop  is  the 
largest  m  England,  and  is  estimated  to  yield  not  less  than 
20,000  hogsheads  of  cider.  The  county  gives  name  to  a 
fine  breed  of  beef-cattle.  Oak  bark  is  also  an  important 
product.  Hereford  sends  six  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons,  three  of  whom  are  for  the  county.  Hereford 
formed  a  part  of  the  ancient  Siluria,  and  was  one  of  the 
last  provinces  which  submitted  to  the  Saxons,  under  whom 
it  formed  a  part  of  Mercia.  Numerous  ruined  castles  tes- 
tify to  its  former  military  importance.  Capital,  Hereford. 
Pop.  in  1881,  121,249;  in  1891,  115,986. 

Hereford,  a  city  of  England,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Wye,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  10 
miles  N.  of  Monmouth.  It  stands  in  a  richly  cultivated 
and  beautiful  valley.  The  streets  are  generally  broad ;  the 
houses  are  well  built,  though  in  great  part  ancient.  The 
cathedral,  built  in  the  early  Norman  style  in  1072,  has 
lately  been  restored  in  good  style.  It  contains  many  fine 
monuments,  and  attached  to  it  are  a  chapter-house,  ladye- 
chapel,  valuable  library,  cloisters,  Ac.  A  triennial  musical 
festival  is  held  here.  The  episcopal  palace  is  ancient,  and 
surrounded  by  large  gardens ;  the  college  is  a  venerable  pile, 
forming  a  quadrangle.  Among  the  charities,  for  the  num- 
ber of  which  Hereford  is  famous,  are  11  ancient  hospitals 
or  almshouses.  Other  public  structures  are  the  handsome 
county  hall,  the  county  jail  and  house  of  correction,  town 
hall,  city  jail,  theatre,  a  handsome  Catholic  chapel,  a  large 
infirmary,  a  lunatic  hospital,  a  workhouse,  a  market-house, 
»  bank,  the  Nelson  Monument,  ruins  of  a  monastery  of 
Blaok  Friars,  and  some  remains  of  the  castle  and  city 
walls.  Hereford  has  a  trade  in  cider,  hops,  corn,  wool, 
bark,  and  timber,  which  is  much  facilitated  by  the  Hereford 
&  Gloucester  Canal,  the  navigation  of  the  river  being  de- 
pendent on  the  season.  The  October  fair  is  the  largest  in 
England  for  cattle  and  cheese.  The  city  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  Parliament.  The  diocese  is  one  of  the  most  ancient 
in  England,  being  of  British  origin,  and  re-established  by 
the  Saxons  in  680.     Pop.  in  1891,  20,267. 

Her'eford,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  22 
milM  N.  of  Baltimore,  and  3  miles  from  Monkton  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  3  stores,  2  churches,  and  about  28  houses. 
Hereford,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Palm  SUtion,  and  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Allentown. 
It  contains  Treiohlersville,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  1260. 

Hereford,  a  post-hamlet  of   Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  E,  of  Ripley. 
Herefordshire,  a  county  of  England.  See  Hereford. 
Heregh,  hi'raig',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  21 
milee  E.S.E.  of  Comorn.    Pop,  1420. 


Herencia,  i-r4n'the-4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
36  miles  N.E,  of  Ciudad  Real,     Pop.  7290. 

Herent,  hi-rfint'  or  bi^rftN"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
South  Brabant,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Louvain.     Pop.  2600. 

Herenthals,  hi'r^n-tils^  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Antwerp,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turnhout.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cloth,  lace,  liquors,  and  hats.     Pop.  4600. 

Herenthout,  hi'r?n-t5wt\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ant- 
werp, 15  miles  S.W,  of  Turnhout,     Pop,  2477. 

Herflfelingen,  hfiRff^h-ling^^n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Brabant,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.  Pop.  1720. 

Herford,  hSR'foRt,  or  Hervorden,  hfiR'foR-d^n,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Werra,  at  a  railway 
junction,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Minden.  Pop,  11,967,  It  has 
a  large  prison,  arsenal,  gymnasium,  6  churches,  the  central 
museum  of  arts,  antiquities,  and  manufactures  for  the  prov- 
ince, and  manufactures  of  cotton  cloth  and  yarn,  leather, 
tobacco,  and  linens, 

Hergnies,  hiRn'yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Scheldt,  7  miles  N.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1620. 

Heri,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Herat. 

Heric,  hAVeek',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes.   Pop.  of  commune,  4691. 

H^ricourt,  biVee^koon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sadne,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lure.  Pop.  3402.  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  cotton,  hemp,  leather,  calioo,  printed 
goods,  and  hosiery. 

Heringen,  hi'ring-?n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg.  on  the  Helme.     Pop.  2316. 

Heringen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the 
Werra,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Rothenburg.     Pop.  1224, 

Herinnes,  h^Mnn'  or  h&Veen',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  South  Brabant,  17  miles  S,W.  of  Brussels.     Pop,  3460. 

Plerinnes,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Scheldt,  7  miles  N.  of  Toumay.     Pop.  1910. 

Herioor,  hdr^e-oor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Chitteldroog,  with  a  temple, 

Heri>Rood,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Herri-Rood, 

Herisau,  h&'re-8dw\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Appenzell,  and  capital  of  the  Outer 
Rhodes.  It  has  cotton-mills  and  other  manufactories.  Pop. 
of  commune,  9736. 

H^risson,  h&^rees^sAN"',  a  town  of  France,  10  miles 
N,N,E.  of  Montlupon.     Pop,  1493, 

Heristal,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Herstal. 

Herius  Vicinovia,  supposed  ancient  nameof  Vilainb. 

Heije&dalen,  bfiR'yi-o-d&M^n,  a  district  of  Sweden, 
forming  the  S,  part  of  the  lain  of  Jemtland,  and  named 
from  the  Herje-ftn,  which  waters  it, 

Heije-An,  hdR'y&-on\  a  river  of  Sweden,  Joins  the 
Ljusne  above  Sveg,  after  a  course  of  40  miles. 

Herke,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Herck. 

Herkenbosch,  hiR'ken-bosK^  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Limburg,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Roermond.    Pop.  1577. 

Her'kimer,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  New 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  1459  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Mohawk  and  Black  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by 
East  and  West  Canada  Creeks  nnd  Moose  River.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  with  high  ridges,  steep  hills,  valleys,  and 
extensive  forests.  The  long  valley  of  the  Mohawk  is  re- 
markable for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  The  soil  is  mostly 
adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming,  except  the  N.  part, 
which  is  mountainous  and  rocky.  Cheese,  butter,  hay. 
oats,  cattle,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  produced,  in  1870,  5,101,654  pounds  of  cheese,  and 
more  than  any  other  county  in  the  state.  Granite  and 
Silurian  (Trenton)  limestone  underlie  a  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  <fe 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Adirondack  <fc  St.  Lawrence 
Railway,  and  the  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Herkimer.  Pop. 
in  1870,  39,929;  in  1880,  42,669;  in  1890,  45,608, 

Herkimer,  a  post-oflSce  of  Marshall  oo.,  Kansas. 

Herkimer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  West  Canada  Creek,  81  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  and 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  is  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  and  near  the  Erie  Canal.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  3  newspaper 
oflSces,  a  paper-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  2  knitting-mills,  a 
chair-factory,  a  mattress-factory,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
about  4000. 

Herkingen,  hiu'king-H^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  15  miles  S.  of  Briel. 

Herleshausen,  hjR'l^s-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  circle  of  Eschwege.     Pop.  1115. 

Herm,  one  of  the  smaller  Channel  Islands,  2^  miles  B 
I  of  Guernsey.     It  is  a  summer  resort.     Pop.  83 


IIEII 


1395 


HER 


Her'inaan,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind. 

Her'man,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Herman,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Minn.,  19  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Morris,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Elbow  Lake.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  322. 

Herman,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  120. 

Herman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Blair. 
It  has  a  church. 

Herman,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Herman,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Dodge  co., 
Wis.,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  The  hamlet  is  4 
miles  E.  of  Iron  Ridge  Station,  which  is  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  The  township  has  6 
churches.     Pop.  1896. 

Herman,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.     Pop.  282. 

Herman,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  2237. 
Post-offices,  Edwards,  Franklin,  and  Howard's  Grove. 

Hermanmiestetz,  hfin'min-meesHfits,  Herman- 
micstec,  hfiR'mS,n-mecsHfits,  or  Hermanstadt,  hfia'- 
min-stit\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  miles  W.  of  Chrudim. 
Pop.  4271.     It  has  a  castle  and  a  hospital. 

Her'mann,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gasconade  co.. 
Mo.,  in  Roark  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  81  miles  W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wine,  cigars,  tools, 
and  pipe-tongs.     Pop.  in  1890,  1410. 

Hermannstadt,  or  Hermanstadt,  h^R'm&n-st&tt^ 
(Hun.  Nagy  Szeben,  n5dj  si'bin^ ;  L.  Cihinium),  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Transylvania,  in  the  Saxonland,  capital  of  a 
county  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Zibin,  near  the  Roumanian 
frontier,  72  miles  S.S.E.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop,  18,998.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  the  upper  town,  on  an  eminence,  com- 
municating with  a  lower  town  by  flights  of  steps.  It  has 
several  suburbs,  and  is  pretty  well  built,  in  a  Gothic  style, 
though  dull.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  Bruckenthal 
palace,  with  an  extensive  library  and  museum,  the  theatre, 
numerous  churches,  the  barracks,  a  military  hospitjvl,  and 
an  orphan  asylum.  It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see,  is  the  seat  of 
2  gymnasia,  and  has  many  museums,  and  manufactures  of 
linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  felt,  hats,  horn  combs,  earthen- 
wares, leather,  Ac,  and  a  considerable  trade.  The  county 
has  an  area  of  1274  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of  145,523. 

Hermanos,  or  Los  Hermanos,  loce  hSr-m&'noce 
("  The  Brothers"),  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Margarita.     They  belong  to  Venezuela. 

Hermanos,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  E.  of  Mindoro. 

Hermansdorf,  Bohemia.     See  Hbrmsdorf. 

Hermanseifen,  h^R'm&n-srf^n,  Herzmanzeyf, 
h^Rts'm&nt-sir,  or  Hermanstift,  hdR'm&n-stift\  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  circle  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Bidschow. 
Pop.  2604. 

Hermanstadt,  Bohemia.     See  Hermanmiestetz. 

Hermanstadt,  Transylvania.    See  Hermannstadt. 

Her'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  Coquille  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Roseburg. 
Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Herm6,  hfiR^mi',  a  village  of  France,  68  miles  S.E.  of 
Paris,  on  the  railway  from  Troyes  to  Montereau.    Pop.  773. 

Hermeskeil,  hfiR'mfis-kile\  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  government  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Treves.     P.  1300. 

Hermies,  h^R^mee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Arras.     Pop.  2442. 

Her'mitage,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co..  Col. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Baton  Rouge  parish,  La. 

Hermitage,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo., 
in  Centre  township,  on  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  54  miles  N. 
of  Springfield.     One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Hermitage,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wetbersfield  township,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Hermitage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hickory  township,  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  E.  of  Sharon.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Tex. 
Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va. 

Hermitage,  or  li'Hermitage,  liR'mee't&zh',  a 
famous  vineyard  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  on  the  left  bank  of 


the  Rhone,  10  miles  N.  of  Valence,  where  the  "  Hermitage" 
wine  is  produced.     Area,  about  300  acres. 

Hermitage  Cove,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Fortona 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.     P.  120. 

Her'mit  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Capo  Horn.  Lat.  (W.  cape)  55°  60'  S. ;  Ion.  67° 
55'  W.     It  18  about  12  miles  long. 

Her'mon  (Arab.  Jebel-eah- Sheikh,  jib'fl-fch-shaik),  a 
mountain  of  Palestine,  forming  a  part  of  the  chain  of  Anti- 
Libanus.  Its  height  is  above  11,000  feet,  and  its  summit  is 
covered  with  snow  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 
Little  Mount  Hermon  is  a  much  lower  range,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Acre,  bounding  the  Plain  of  Esdraelon  on  the  E., 
and  to  which  the  name  of  Hermon  was  first  applied  in  the 
Middle  Ages. 

Her'mon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  HI.,  7  miles  S.B. 
of  Abingdon,  and  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Galesburg.  It  ha«  2 
churches. 

Hermon,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  barrels.  Pop.  1489.  Hermon  Post-Office  is  7  miles 
W.  of  Bangor. 

Hermon,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hermon  township,  on  Elm  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of 
Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  573 ;  of 
the  township,  1806. 

Hermon  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Bangor. 

Hermon  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in 
Hermon  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  10  miles 
W.  of  Bangor. 

Hermont,  or  Hermonthis.    See  Arment. 

Hermonville,  hfiR^miNoVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Marne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Reims.     Pop.  1561. 

Hermopolis,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Syra. 

Hermopolis  Magna.     See  Oshhooneyn. 

Hermopolis  Parva,  ancient  name  of  Dahanhoor. 

Hermo'sa,  a  post-office  of  La  Plata  co..  Col. 

Hermosa,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Custer 
CO.,  S.D.,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rapid  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  new-spaper  office. 
Pop.  172. 

Her^mosil'la,  a  hamlet  of  Pueblo  oo..  Col.,  on  the 
Huerfano  River,  about  27  miles  S.E.  of  Pueblo. 

Hermosillo,  bfir-mo-see'yo,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  So- 
nora,  on  Sonora  River,  110  miles  N.  of  Guaymas.  It  has 
a  mint,  flour-mills  and  distilleries,  and  a  pop.  of  14,000. 

Hermsdorf,  hfiRms'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxe-Altenburg, 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  1480. 

Hermsdorf,  or  Hermansdorf,  h4R'm4n8-doRf\  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Koniggratz.     P.  1723. 

Hermsdorf-  Griissanisch,  hjRms'doRf-griis'sin- 
ish\  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Liegnitz,  circle  of 
Landshut.     Pop.  2080. 

Hermsdorf-Stftdtisch,  hjRms'doRf-stitt'ish,  a  vil- 
lage of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz,  circle 
of  Landshut.     Pop.  1390. 

Hermsdorf-  unterm  -  Knyast,  h4Rms'doRf-66n'- 
tfiRm-knee'ist,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2000. 

Hermus,  the  ancient  name  of  Sarabat. 

Hernad,  hfiR^nod',  a  river  of  Hungary,  after  an  E.  and 
S.  course  of  120  miles,  joins  the  Theiss  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Tokay.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Tarcza  and  the  Sajo. 
In  its  lower  part  it  separates  into  two  arms,  which  enclose 
an  island  30  miles  in  length. 

Hernakova-Czella,  Hungary.    See  Herntokova. 

Hernan'do,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Florida,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  E. 
partly  by  the  Withlacoochee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Cotton, 
maize,  and  sugar-cane  are  the  staple  products.  Area,  520 
square  miles.  Capital,  Brooksville.  Pop.  in  1870,2938; 
in  1880,  4248  ;  in  1890,  2476. 

Hernando,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Memphis,  and  78  miles  N.  of  Grenada. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  bank, 
and  an  academy.  About  5000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  602. 

Hernani,  ^R-n&'nee,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipnzcoa,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  St.  Sebastian,  on  the  Urumea.     Pop.  2989. 

Hern'don,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ark. 

Herndon,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Burke  co.,  Gk., 
on  the  Ogeechee  River,  90  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Herndon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  B. 
of  Brownsville  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 


HER 


1396 


HER 


Herndon,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Port 
Trevorton,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  N.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  is  the  west  terminus  of  the  Mahanoy  <fc 
Shamokin  Railroad,  and  is  often  called  Trevorton  Junction. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Herndon,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Heme  Bay^  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England, 
in  Kent,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Thames,  10  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Canterbury.  Steamers  communicate  with  Lon- 
don daily  during  the  summer.     Pop.  1715. 

Heme  Hill,  in  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  at  a  railway 
junction,  4  miles  from  St.  Paul's,  London,  is  covered  with 
elegant  villas. 

Herno,  heR'n(5\  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia,  laen  of  Hemosand,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  An- 
germann. 

Herndsand,  hfiR'ng-slnd^  or  Westemorrland, 
wfis't^r-noR'lind,  a  Isen  or  province  of  North  Sweden, 
mostly  between  lat.  62°  and  64°  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and  19° 
E.,  having  E.  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  9493  square 
miles.  Pop.  158,134.  It  comprises  the  old  district  of  An- 
germannland.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Angermann 
and  Indal ;  the  principal  towns,  Hemosand  and  Sundsvall. 

Herndsand,  or  Herncesand,  hSR'no-8ind\  a  mari- 
time town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a  laan  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Hernb,  immediately  off  the 
mainland.  Pop.  3348.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  library,  publi'c  baths,  a  printing-establishment  with 
Lappish  type,  and  building-docks.  The  exports  comprise 
Baltic  produce  and  linen  fabrics ;  the  imports,  salt,  oom, 
wine,  and  manufactured  goods. 

Hernstadt,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Herknstadt. 

Hernyokova,  h5Rn^yo^ko'v6h\  or  Hemakova'^ 
Czella,  hfiii^n6h^ko'v6h-t85l'15h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Temesvar,  4  miles  from  Rekas.     Pop.  1100. 

Heron,  hi^r6N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  21 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Forseille.     Pop.  1150. 

Heron,  h^r^ron',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  49 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ardabeel. 

Her'on  Isles,  a  small  group  of  islands  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  S.  of  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay,  in  lat.  30°  12' 
N.,  Ion.  88°  W. 

Her'on  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Jackson  co.  It  is 
about  10  miles  long  and  1  or  2  miles  wide.  Its  outlet  is  a 
creek  which  enters  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  surface  of 
the  lake  is  1398  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Heron  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  is 
•>n  Heron  Lake,  near  its  N.  end,  74  miles  by  rail  W.S.W. 
of  Mankato.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  hemp.    Pop.  496. 

Her'on's  Island,  a  post-village  in  Restigouche  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  an  island  in  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  10 
miles  E.  of  Dalhousie.     Pop.  60. 

Herr,  a  station  in  Allegnany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg 
branch  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Alleghany  City. 

Herrells,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Herrenbaumgarten,  h5R^R§n-b6wm'gaR*t§n,  a  town 
of  Austria,  4  miles  from  Poysdorp,     Pop.  1530, 

Herrenberg,  hjR'R^n-bSRG',  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2263. 

Herrengrund,  hlE'R§n-gr66nt\  or  Urvolgy,  oor^- 
v'6\y,  a  village  of  Hungary,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Kremnitz. 

Herrenkairo,  hSr'r§n-ki'ro,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bengal,  19  miles  S.8.W,  of  Hosungabad, 

Herrenthout,  Belgium,     See  Herenthodt. 

Herrera,  hiR-Ri'rS,,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
64  miles  E.  of  Seville,     Pop,  4124, 

Herrera  del  Duque,  hiK-RA'ri  dSl  doo'ki  (anc.  Lu- 
tiana  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  70  miles  E,by  N. 
of  Badajos,     Pop,  2972, 

Herrera  de  Rio  Pisuerga,  hjR-Ri'ri  di  ree'o 
pe-swin'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  the  Pisuerga, 
31  miles  N.W,  of  Burgos,     Pop.  1526. 

Her'riek,  a  post-office  of  Knox  oo,,  Neb,,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River, 

Herrick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co,.  Pa,,  in  Herriok 
township,  about  44  miles  N,W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a 
ohuroh.  The  township  ha«  3  churches,  and  a  pop,  of  1009, 
Herrick,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  oo,,  Pa.  P.  95o! 
Herrick  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Herriok  township' 
Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  JeflFerson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2  tanneries 
and  a  saw-mill. 


Herrick's  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co,,  CaL 

Her'rickville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co,.  Pa.,  ia 
Herrick  township,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  It  haa 
a  church. 

Herrieden,  hin'Ree^^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Altmiihl,  6  miles  S.W,  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1041. 

Herries,  a  district  of  the  Hebrides.     See  Harris 

Her'riman,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co,,  Utah. 

Herrines,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Herinkes. 

Herring,  Allen  oo,,  0.    See  Lafayette, 

Herring  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Brooklyn. 

Herring  Cove,  a  maritime  hamlet  in  Halifax  co,, 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  W,  side  of  the  entrance  to  Halifax  har- 
bor, 9  miles  from  Halifax,     Pop,  300, 

Herring  Neck,  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Twillingateand  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  on  New  World 
Island,  4  miles  from  Twillingate.     Pop,  870. 

Her'ringsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson  co,,  N.C, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Magnolia  Station.  It  has  a  turpentine- 
distillery. 

Her'rin's  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-village  of  Wil- 
liamson CO,,  111.,  about  12  miles  N,E.  of  Carbondale,  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Her'riotsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co,.  Pa.,  la 
South  Fayette  township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Herri-Rood,  or  Herirood,  h^r'reeVood',  called  also 
Hari-Rud  and  Heri-Rud,  or  Hury  River,  a  con- 
siderable river,  rises  in  the  northern  part  of  Afghanistan, 
and,  after  a  W.  and  N.W.  course  of  about  200  miles,  is  sup- 
posed to  be  lost  in  the  sand. 

Herri eberg,  hdR'l^h-b^Ra^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
Lake  of  Zurich.     Pon.  1079. 

Herrlisheim,  heR'Ii8-hIme\  a  village  of  Germany,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1993, 

Herrlsheim,  hjRls'hlme  (Fr,  pron,  hiRPsim'),  a  Til- 
lage of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  on  the  Strasburg  i,  Basel 
Railway,  41  miles  S,  of  Colmar,     Pop,  1058. 

Herrnals,  h^R'n&Is,  a  village  of  Austria,  and  one  .of 
the  N.  suburbs  of  Vienna.  It  has  an  imperial  institution 
for  the  daughters  of  army  officers. 

Herrnhnt,  or  Herrnhuth,  hJRn'hSSt,  a  small  town 
of  Saxony,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bautzen,  on  the  railway  from 
Dresden  to  Zittau,  inhabited  by  Moravians.     Pop.  1092. 

Herrnsheim,  hinns'hlme,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province 
of  Rheln-IIessen.     Pop.  1476. 

Herrnstadt,  or  Hernstadt,  hinn'st&tt,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2136, 

Hersbruck,  hdns'brSSk,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  17  miles 
by  rail  E,N,E,  of  Nuremberg.  It  has  a  castle,  tanneries. 
Ac,     Pop,  3556. 

Herseaux,  hSR'sO',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Tournay  A  Courtrai  Railway,  30  milea 
S,  of  Bruges,     Pop.  2200, 

Hersel,  a  river  of  Germany,     See  HSrsel, 

Hersey,  h^Wze,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osceola  co,, 
Mich,,  in  Hersey  and  Richmond  townships,  on  the  Muskegon 
River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hersey,  and  on  the  Flint  A  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  86  miles  W,N.W.  of  East  Saginaw,  4 
miles  S.E,  of  Reed  City,  and  66  miles  N,  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  large  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  7  large  mills  for  lumber  and  shingles. 
Poplin  1890,  328;  of  Hersey  township,  908, 

Hersey,  a  post-village  in  Hersey  township.  Nobles  co,, 
Minn,,  on  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  170  miles 
S.W,  of  St,  Paul.  It  has  2  stores,  a  warehouse  for  grain, 
and  a  hotel.     Pop.  of  township,  170, 

Hersey,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  oo..  Wis.,  on  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Eau  Claire,  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  staves, 

Her'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Monroe  co,. 
Wis,,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  and  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroads,  4  miles  W.  of  Sparta. 

Hersfeld,  h«Rs'f41t,  or  Hirschfeld,  hggRsh'filt,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  32  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Cassel,  on  the  Fulda.  Pop,  6929.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  an  abbey  church,  a  Calvinist  gymnasium,  a 
school  of  manufactures,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and 
a  transit  trade  by  the  river. 

Hersin-Coupigny,  hiR'sAif'-koo^peen'yee',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  6  miles  from  B6thune.  It  has 
a  corset-factory  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  2586, 

Hers'man,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co..  Ill,,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  41  miles  E,  of  Quincy,  It  has  a  eharch 
and  a  carriage-shop, 

Hersselt,  h^Rs's^lt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the  Great 
Nfethe,  24  miles  E,S.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  4800. 


flER 


1397 


HES 


Herstal,  hfiRs'tAr,  or  H^ristal,  hSa'is-tir,  a  Tillage 
of  Belgium,  province  and  34  miles  N.E.  of  Liege,  on  the 
Meuse.  Pop.  8500.  It  has  important  manufactures  of  iron, 
Bteel,  and  hardware.  Here  in  the  Middle  Ages  stood  a  cit- 
adel named  Heriatalium,  whence  Pepin  d'H^ristal,  great- 
grandfather of  Charlemagne,  had  his  title. 

Herstelle,  hfiRS-tfil'l^h,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
89  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser.     Pop.  1060. 

Hertford,  har'f9rd,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Herts,  on  the  navigable  Lea,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 20  miles  N.  of  London.  It  has  handsome  churches,  a 
grammar-school,  a  green-coat  school  (a  branch  of  Christ's 
Hospital,  London,  being  a  preparatory  school  for  500  chil- 
dren), almshouses  and  other  charities,  a  general  infirmary, 
county  hall,  town  hall,  and  market-house ;  also  considerable 
trade  in  malt.  The  borough  sends  a  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  The  castle  was  founded  in  909,  and  some 
parts  of  the  existing  edifice  are  very  ancient.     Pop.  6796. 

Hert'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  324  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chowan  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Meherrin  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk  <fc  Carolina  Railroad. 
Capital,  Winton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9273;  in  1880,  11,843;  in 
1890,  13,851. 

Hertford^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perquimans  co., 
N.C.,  in  Hertford  township,  on  the  Perquimans  River, 
about  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  The  largest  ves- 
sels that  navigate  Albemarle  Sound  can  ascend  the  river  to 
this  place.  It  has  an  academy  and  5  churches.  Pop.  733 ; 
of  the  township,  1499. 

Uerthse  Sacra  Insula.    See  Helgoland. 

Hertiu,  hfiR-teen',  or  Rtina,  R'tee'ni,  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, near  Kdniggratz.     Pop.  2159. 

Hertogenbosch,  Netherlands.    See  Bois-lb-Duc. 

Uerts,  or  Hertfordshire,  har'fQrd-shir,  an  inland 
county  of  England,  N.  of  Middlesex.  Area,  611  square  miles. 
Surface  in  the  N.  hilly,  elsewhere  diversified  with  gentle  ele- 
vations. Chief  rivers,  the  Lea  and  the  Colne.  The  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat  and  barley,  turnips,  hay  for  the 
London  market,  apples,  and  cherries.  The  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  several  railways  and  the  Grand  Junction  Canal. 
It  is  divided  into  8  hundreds.  Principal  towns,  Hertford, 
St.  Albans,  Barnet,  Baldock,  Hitchin,  Hatfield,  and  Ware. 
It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  three  of 
whom  are  for  the  county.     Capital,  Hertford.     Pop.  220,125. 

Herts  ek,  Turkey.     See  Herzegovina. 

Hertzo,  h^Rt'so,  an  island  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Pite&,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  E.  of  Lulefi.     Length,  about  10  miles. 

Hervas,  fiR'vis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  63  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  3716. 

Herve,  h^R'v^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  3900. 

Herveld,  h^R'vilt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  6  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  610. 

Hervey  Archipelago.    See  Cook  Islands. 

Her'vey  Bay,  East  Australia,  is  between  lat.  24**  and 
25°  S.  and  Ion.  152°  and  153°  E.,  bounded  seaward  by  the 
Island  terminating  in  Sandy  Cape. 

Her'vey  City,  a  station  in  Macon  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Midland  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  & 
Illinois  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur. 

Hervorden,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Herford. 

Herwen,  h5R'*§n,  or  Herwerd,  hiR'^jRd,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Arnhem. 
Pop.,  including  Aerdt,  2905. 

Herwynen,  or  Herw^nen,  hfiR-'fri'n^n,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on  the  Waal,  5  miles  W. 
of  BommeL     Pop.  1770. 

Herxheim,  hfiRx'hime\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  3743. 

Herzberg,  hfiRts'bSna,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Harz. 
Pop.  3603.  It  communicates  with  Brunswick  by  a  railway. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  paper,  linens,  &C. 

Herzberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Torgau,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Black  Elster,  and  on 
the  railway  between  Berlin  and  Dresden,  62  miles  S.  of  Ber- 
lin. It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  pottery. 
Pop.  4008.  Old  (Alt,  ilt)  Herzberg  is  a  village,  E.  of 
the  last-named,  with  236  inhabitants. 

Herzebnrg,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Herzogenburg. 

Herzeele,  hSu-zi'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1800. 

Herzegovina,  Herzegowina,  hdRt'sQh-go-vee'n&, 


or  Hertsek,  hfiRt's^k^  a  province  of  Europe,  forming  a 
part  of  Bosnia,  and  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  Turkish  Croatia 
and  Bosnia  proper,  S.  by  Montenegro  and  Albania,  W.  by 
Dalmatia.  Chief  towns,  Mostar,  the  capital,  Stolatz,  Tre- 
bigne,  and  Nikish.  Chief  rivers,  the  Narenta,  Bregava,  and 
Trebisat.  Surface  mountainous.  Velleg,  the  highest  moun- 
tain, rises  above  the  snow-line.  Area,  4660  square  miles. 
Pop.  207,970.  It  passed  from  Turkish  rule  to  Austrian 
military  occupation  in  1878. 

Herzhorn,  h^Rts'hoRn,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hoi 
stein,  3  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  GlUckstadt. 

Herzhorn,  herts'horn,  post-oflBce,  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Herzmanzeyf,  Bohemia.    See  Hbrmanseifen. 

Herzogenaurach,  hfiRt'so^gh§n-5w'riK^,  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  2174. 

Herzogenbosch,  Netherlands.     See  Bois-le-Duc. 

Herzogenburg,  h5Rt'so-gh§n-ba5RG\  or  Herze> 
burg,  h^Rt's^h-bSoRG^  (L.  Du'cum  Bur'gum),  a  town  of 
Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Polten.  P.  1676. 

Herzogenrath,  hfiRt'so-ghen-rit^  (Fr.  Rolduc,  roP- 
diik'),  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Aix-la-Cha.pelle.     Pop.  2417. 

Herzogswaldau,  hiRt'soGs-^irdSw,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1270. 

HerzogSAvaldau,  Nieder,  nee'd^r  h^Rt'sSos-^ir- 
dow,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Frey- 
stadt.     Pop.  650. 

HerzogSAvalde,  hfirt'socs-^ird^h,  the  name  of  vil- 
lages in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  S.W.  of  Dresden,  and 
East  Prussia,  government  of  Konigsberg. 

Hesarab,  hi'si^rib',  or  Hezar-Asp,  hi^zaR*-fi,sp', 
written  also  Asarys,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  dominions 
and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khiva,  on  the  Canal  of  Hesarab, 
near  the  Oxus.     It  consists  of  about  600  houses. 

Hesdin,  hiM&N"',  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  on  the  Canche,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Montreuil.  Pop. 
3083.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  well  built  of  brick,  and 
has  a  good  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  oil, 
earthenware,  leather,  soap,  and  linen  thread. 

Hesh'bon,  a  village  (and,  in  antiquity,  a  famous  town) 
of  Syria,  118  miles  S.S.W.  of  Damascus. 

Hesh'bon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on  Black 
Lick  Creek,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hesn,  hfisn,  several  places  of  Asiatic  Turkey.  The  prin- 
cipal, Hesn-Keifa,  hSs'n  ki'fSi,  is  a  fortified  town  on  the 
Tigris,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Diarbekir. 

Hespe'ler,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Speed,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  k  Bruce  Railway, 
19  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  good  water-power,  an 
extensive  worsted-  and  hosiery-factory,  woollen-,  saw-,  and 
grist-mills,  a  distillery,  an  iron-foundry,  6  hotels,  8  stores, 
and  several  churches.     Pop.  797. 

Hes'per,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Hesper  township,  15  miles  N.  of  Decorah.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  money-order  post-ofBce. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1025. 

Hesper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Hesperia,  hes-pee'r^-a,  a  post-village  of  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  White  River,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mus- 
kegon. It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  graded 
school,  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  pumps,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  460. 

Hesperian,  hes-pee'r^-an,  a  post-village  of  Webster 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Sumner  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Fort  Dodge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hes'perus  (or  Hes'peris)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak 
of  the  La  Plata  Mountains,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state. 
Altitude,  13,115  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Hesse,  Germany.     See  Hessen. 

Hesse,  hSss  (Ger.  Hessen,  hfis's^n),  formerly  Hesse- 
Darmstadt,  faSss-d&Rm'st&tt,  a  state  of  Germany,  situated 
between  lat.  49°  50'  and  51°  45'  N.,  Ion.  7°  50'  and  9°  30' 
E.  It  consists  of  two  principal  portions,  separated  by 
Prussia,  bounded  E.  and  W.  by  Prussia  and  E.  and  S.  by 
Bavaria  and  Baden.     Its  subdivisions  are  as  follows : 


ProYinces. 

Area  in 
square  miles. 

Pop.  in  1890. 

Chief  Towns. 

1270 

530 

1164 

2t)ti.084 

307,643 
419,932 

M^at*. 

Darmstadt. 

Total ™„ 

2964 

993,669 

HES 


1398 


H£U 


Hesae  is  a  constitutional  monarchy,  and  the  sovereign  has 
the  title  of  Grand  Duke.  At  the  treaty  of  Berlin,  Septem- 
ber 3,  1866,  the  grand  duohy  ceded  to  Prussia  the  landgra- 
viate  of  Hesse-Homburg,  previously  acquired  in  the  same 
year,  and  portions  of  Ober-Hessen,  with  a  territory  of  423 
square  miles  and  a  population  of  75,102;  while  Prussia  ceded 
to  the  grand  duchy  portions  of  the  electorate  of  Hesse-Cassel, 
of  the  former  duohy  of  Nassau,  and  of  the  territories  of 
the  city  of  Frankfort.  Surface  elevated  and  mountainous 
in  the  N.,  which  is  traversed  in  the  N.E.  by  the  Vogel- 
berg  and  in  the  S.E.  by  the  Odenwald.  Highest  point,  the 
Taufstein,  2283  feet.  The  greater  part  of  the  territory  is 
situated  in  the  basin  of  the  Rhine,  the  rest  in  that  of  the 
Weser.  Chief  rivers,  the  Rhine  (which  traverses  all  the 
S.  portion)  and  its  affluents  the  Main  and  the  Lahn ;  and 
the  Sohwalm  and  Fulda,  affluents  of  the  Weser.  The  cli- 
mate is  cold,  except  in  the  valley  of  the  Rhine.  More  than 
half  the  territory  is  arable,  and  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Chief  crops,  wheat  in  the  lowlands,  buckwheat  in  the  Oden- 
wald, oats  in  Rhenish  Hesse,  millet  in  Starkenburg;  pota- 
toes generally  thrive  best  in  the  mountain-districts.  The 
other  products  are  flax,  hemp,  hops,  tobacco,  and  fruit.  The 
vine  is  cultivated  in  all  the  provinces,  but  chiefly  in  Rhenish 
Hesse.  Forests  belong  chiefly  to  Ober-Hessen  and  Starken- 
burg.  Cattle-rearing  is  an  important  branch  of  rural  in- 
dustry. Minerals  comprise  copper,  iron,  coal,  and  salt. 
Iron  is  mined  chiefly  in  Ober-Hessen  .and  the  Odenwald, 
salt  at  Wimpfen,  and  coal  at  Dorheim.  Spinning  and 
weaving  linen  and  hempen  goods  are  the  principal  manu- 
factures ;  and  others  comprise  silk,  paper,  chemical  prod- 
ucts, and  metals.  '  The  principal  entrep8t  is  Mentz.  The 
grand  duchy  is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Frankfort  <fc 
Mannheim  Railroad.  The  chief  educational  establishments 
are  the  University  of  Giessen,  7  gymnasia,  and  numerous 
elementary  schools.  Chief  towns,  Mentz,  Darmstadt  (the 
capital),  Ofi'enbach,  Worms,  and  Giessen. 

Hesse>Cassel,  hdss-kas's^l,  or  Electoral  Hesse 
(Ger.  Kurhessen,  k66r'hfis^s(}n),  formerly  a  state  of  Western 
Germany,  was  incorporated  with  Prussia,  August  6,  1866, 
and  now  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Hesse- Nassau. 

Hesse  Cassel^  hess  kas's^l,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 
It  has  a  Catholic  church,  and  a  house  of  ladies  called  Poor 
Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Hesse-Homburg,  hdss-hom'biirg,  formerly  a  small 
state  of  Germany,  in  the  W. ;  capital,  Homburg.  It  was 
incorporated  with  Hesse-Darmstadt  in  1866,  but  was  after- 
wards, in  the  same  year,  ceded  to  Prussia  lay  the  treaty  of 
Berlin,  and  now  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Hesse-Nassau. 

Hesseloe,  his's^l-d^^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Cattegat,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Seeland.  On  it  is  a 
light,  85  feet  above  sea-level. 

Hessen,  his's^n,  or  Hesse,  hiss  (L.  Hesna,  hds'- 
«he-%),  a  country  in  the  W.  part  of  Germany,  originally 
inhabited  by  the  Kattek  {Gatti),  a  powerful  German  na- 
tion. It  now  comprises  a  district  between  lat.  49°  24'  and 
61°  38'  N.  and  Ion.  7°  53'  and  10°  11'  E.  See  Hesse  and 
Hesse-Nassau. Adj.  and  inhab.  Hessian,  hfish'yan. 

Hesse-Nassau,  hSss-n&s'saw,  a  province  of  Prussia, 
formed  of  the  former  electorate  of  Hesse-Cassel,  the  duchy 
of  Nassau,  the  landgraviate  of  Hesse-Homburg,  the  free 
state  of  Frankfort,  and  parts  of  Hesse-Darmstadt  and  Ba- 
varia, ceded  to  Prussia  by  the  treaty  of  Berlin,  1866.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Westphalia,  E.  by  Prussian  Saxony 
and  the  states  of  Saxe- Weimar- Eisenach  and  Bavaria,  S.  by 
the  south  part  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  W.  by  the  Rhine 
provinces,  Westphalia,  and  Waldeck,  It  is  between  50°  and 
51°  40'  N.  lat.  and  7°  40'  and  10°  10'  E.  Ion.,  with  a  smaU 
detached  territory  to  the  E.  of  Saxe- Weimar-Eisenach,  con- 
taining Schmalkalden,  and  another  to  the  N.  of  Lippe. 
Airea,  6137  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  1,664,000.  It  is  di- 
vided into  the  districts  of  Cassel  and  AViesbaden.  Surface 
elevated  and  mountainous ;  the  Meissner,  S.E.  of  Almerode, 
2325  feet  above  the  sea,  is  the  highest  point  in  the  main 
portion  of  the  territory,  and  the  Inselberg,  one  of  the  sum- 
mits of  the  Thiiringer-Wald,  on  the  frontier  of  Schmal- 
kalden, is  the  culminating  point  of  the  province.  The  chief 
rivers  are  the  Weser,  with  its  two  upper  branches  the 
Werra  and  the  Fulda,  and  the  Rhine,  which  forms  the  S.W. 
boundary,  with  its  affluents  the  Main  and  the  Lahn.  Cli- 
mate generally  cold,  except  in  the  valleys  of  the  Main  and 
Rhine.  Soil  fertile,  with  excellent  pasturage  in  Wiesbaden. 
Chief  crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  wheat,  maize,  potatoes,  flax, 
hemp,  and  tobacco.  Fruit  of  all  kinds  is  abundant,  and 
cider  is  made.  The  vine  is  cultivated  in  the  S.  and  W.  of 
the  province ;  it  ripens  also  in  the  valley  of  the  Werra,  near 
Witzenhausen,  the  northernmost  point  of  its  cultivation  in 
Germany.     Excellent  wine  is  produced  in  the  district  called 


the  Rheingau,  and  in  the  vineyards  of  Steinburg,  RUdea 
heim,  Hochheim,  and  Johannisberg.  Forests  occupy  one- 
third  of  the  territory ;  the  principal  timber  is  oak,  elm,  and 
beech.  Among  the  minerals  are  iron,  coal,  copper,  and 
lead.  In  Schmalkalden  there  are  7  iron-furnaces,  pro- 
ducing iron  of  excellent  quality ;  in  the  rest  of  the  province 
there  are  several  other  iron -furnaces.  The  chief  coal- 
mines are  in  the  N.E.  and  in  the  Westerwald.  Turf  ii 
abundant,  and  is  used  for  fuel.  The  province  has  numer- 
ous mineral  springs,  and  the  sulphur  baths  of  Neundorf 
are  among  the  best-frequented  in  North  Germany;  the 
waters  of  Wiesbaden,  Nieder-Selters,  and  Ems  are  in  high 
repute  and  extensively  exported.  The  most  important 
manufactures  are  linen  fabrics,  flannels,  carpets,  cotton, 
silks,  and  velvets,  iron  and  steel  goods  of  every  description, 
paper,  wooden-wares,  pianos,  chemical  products,  tobacco, 
beet-root  sugar,  pottery,  and  jewelry.  The  chief  branch 
of  commerce  is  in  the  transit  of  goods,  which  is  facilitated 
by  the  navigable  rivers  Rhine,  Lahn,  Main,  Weser,  Werra, 
and  Fulda,  and  by  railways.  Among  the  educational  estab- 
lishments are  the  university  at  Marburg,  the  military  and 
polytechnic  school  at  Cassel,  and  the  theological  seminary 
at  Fulda.  The  chief  towns  are  Cassel,  Hanau,  Fulda,  Mar- 
burg, Frankfort,  Wiesbaden,  and  Homburg. 

Hessen,  Lower  or  Nieder.    See  Nieder-Hessen. 

Hessen,  Rhenish,  Germany.     Ses  Rhein-Hessek. 

Hessen,  Upper  or  Ober.     See  Ober-Hessen. 

Hess  Road,  a  pogt-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Newfane  township,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Lockport,  and  1 
mile  from  the  Rome,  Watertown  St  Ogdensburg  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church.  Hess  Road  Station  is  on  the  Ontario 
Shore  Branch  of  the  above  road,  23  miles  E.  of  Lewiston. 

Hess'ton,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind. 

Hess'ville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Hessville  (Black  Swamp  Post-Office),  a  village  of  San- 
dusky CO.,  0.,  in  Washington  township,  2  miles  from  Lindsey 
Station,  which  is  23  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churohea, 
a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  distillery. 

Hessville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hes'ter,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Mo. 

Hester  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  aboat 
50  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Hester's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Person  oo.,  N.C. 

Hes'tonville,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  24th 
ward,  adjacent  to  George's  Hill  and  Fairmount  Park,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  the  State-house. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  machine-shop,  2  woollen-factories,  Sm, 

Hcsudrus,  or  Hesydrus,  India.    See  Sutlej. 

Het  Bildt,  Netherlands.     See  Bildt. 

Heteny-Hozzu,  b&HiK'-hos^soo',  written  also  Hoss- 
zuhetin,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya,  7  miles 
from  Funfkirchen.     Pop.  2226. 

Heteren,  hi't^h-r^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  3048. 

Heth,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1615.     It  contains  Mauckport. 

Heth,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo. 

Hethkby,  a  village  of  Prussia.     See  Haddrbt. 

Het^hau'ra,  a  village  of  Nepaul,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Khatmandoo,  and  a  principal  mart  for  the  commerce  be- 
tween the  Nepaulese  and  the  British  dominions. 

Het'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 

Het  Oude  Schild,  hit  dw'd^h  sKilt,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  island  of  Texel.     P.  1058. 

Het'ricks,  a  hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Codorus  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Glenville  Station. 

Hets'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Sidney  and  Union  City,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of 
the  latter. 

Het  Sloe,  hit  sloo,  that  part  of  the  West  Scheldt 
River  which  separates  the  island  of  South  Beveland  from 
that  of  Walcheren. 

Hettenem,  a  village  of  France.     See  Huttenheim. 

Hettingen,  hfit'ting-en,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1218. 

Het'ton-le-Hole,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of 
Durham,  5i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Durham,  with  which,  and 
with  Sunderland,  &c.,  it  is  connected  by  railway. 

Hettst&dt,  or  Hettstedt,  hJtt'stStt,  a  town  of  Pras- 
sian  Saxony,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Wipper. 
Pop.  5988.  It  has  a  fine  church,  copper-mines,  and  vitriol- 
works. 

Het'y,  the  Dutch  for  Y,  a  branch  of  the  Zuyder  Zbb. 

Henhach,  hoi'b&K,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline^ 
two  towns  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  about  30  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  of  Gross  Heubach,  1825 ;  of  Klein 
Heubach,  1390. 


UED 


1399 


UIC 


Heubachy  hoi'b&K,  a  town  of  South  Germany,  in  WUr- 
temberg,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  GmUnd.     Pop.  1490. 

Ueiichelheim,  hoi'K^l-hime^  a  Tillage  of  Hesse,  in 
Ober-Hessen,  circle  of  Qiessen.     Pop.  1476. 

Heudicourty  huhMee^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Somme,  9  miles  N.E.  of  P6ronne.     Pop.  1699. 

Heukelom,  hb'k^h-lom^  or  Heukelum,  ho'k^h- 
lum^,  a  small  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  South 
Holland,  on  the  Linge,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Gorkum.    Pop.  1268. 

Heale*  hnl  or  ho'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Courtrai,  on  the  Heule. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  goods.     Pop.  3400. 

Heumen^  ho'm^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  6  miles  S.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  600. 

Heure-le-Romain,  huR-l§h-ro^m4N»',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  7  miles  N.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1400. 

Heusden,  hDs'd^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
East  Flanders,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2520. 

HeusdeU)  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Limbourg, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1600. 

Heusden,  bcs'd^n  or  hos'd^n,  a  small  fortified  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Old  Maas,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc,  with  a  strong  citadel.   P.  2105. 

Heustreu,  hois'troi,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  theSaale, 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  960. 

Heuvelton,  hu'vel-ton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatohie  River,  7  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  free  school, 
a  lumber-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind- 
fkctory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Hever,  h4'v§r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Bra- 
bant, on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Dyle,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1770. 

Heverl^,  hdH-inMi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  12  miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

Heves,  hiVSsh',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  55  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  5703.  Wine  and  tobacco  are  ex- 
ported from  it. 

HeveSf  a  county  of  Northwest  Central  Hungary.  Area, 
1462  square  miles.  In  the  N.  it  is  mountainous,  but  the 
S.E.  portion  is  a  part  of  the  central  plain  of  Hungary. 
Chief  town,  Gyongyos.     Pop.  216,633. 

Hew'et,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  101. 

Hew'ett,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hew'ettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  5  or 
6  miles  W.  of  Neillsville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Hew'itty  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Hewitt)  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Greenwood  Lake  Station,  and  40  miles  from 
New  York  City.     It  has  2  iron-furnaces. 

Hew'ittTille,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Potsdam  township.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  shingle-factory. 

Hew'lett's,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rockaway  Branch  of  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island, 
19  miles  S.W.  of  Long  Island  City. 

Hewlett' 8)  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hanover  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Hex'haiUf  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
on  the  Tyne,  and  on  the  Newcastle  &  Carlisle  Railway, 
20i  miles  W.  of  Newcastle.  It  stands  in  a  vale  noted  for 
beauty  and  richness.  It  has  a  parish  church,  formerly  an 
abbey,  a  handsome  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  small  gram- 
mar-school, a  town  hall  and  jail,  a  house  of  correction, 
union  workhouse,  2  branch  banks,  and  manufactures  of 
gloves,  hats,  and  coarse  worsteds.     Pop.  5331. 

Heyde,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Heide. 

Heydon,  a  town  of  England.     See  Heden. 

Heyduke  Towns,  of  Hungary.     See  Haiduck. 

Heyl,  hile,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
flowing  N.  into  the  Bay  of  St.  Ives. 

Heynesgryn,  Bohemia.    See  HeinrichsgrUn. 

Heyrieux,  hiVe-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Isdre,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1365. 

Heysham,  haz'hara,  a  favorite  resort  for  sea-bathing 
in  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  a  peninsula  between  More- 
•cambe  Bay  and  the  mouth  of  the  Loyne,  4^  miles  W.  of 
Lancaster. 

Heyst,  hist,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  West 
Flanders,  9  miles  N.  of  Bruges,  near  the  sea.     Pop.  1100. 

Heyst-op-den-Berg,  hist-op-din-bJRO,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the 
Great  N^the.    It  has  tanneries,  distilleries,  «fcc.     Pop.  6000. 

Heytesbury,  baits'b^r-e,  an  ancient  borough  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  3i  miles  E.S.E.  of  War- 
minster.    Pop.  993.     It  has  a  church  and  a  hospitaL 


Heythuisen,  hi'toi^z^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Limburg,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  1762. 

Heytman's,  hite'm^nz,  a  station  in  Allamakee  co.. 
Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  54  miles  N. 
of  Dubuque. 

Haywood,  hi'wood,  a  village  and  chapelry  of  England, 
CO.  of  Lancaster,  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.W,  of  Manchester. 

Heyworth,  ha'w^rth,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co., 
111.,  in  Randolph  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road 12  miles  S.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  566. 

Hezar-Asp,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Hesabab. 

Hia,  a  town  of  China.     See  Heea. 

Hia-Kiang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Iieea-Kiamq 

Hia-Loui,  a  town  of  China.     See  Heea-Looee. 

Hiang-Ho,  he-ing'ho,  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peking,  on  the  Pei-llo. 

Hiang-Ho-Vou,  or  Hiang-Ho-Voo,  he-&ng'- 
ho-voo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  30  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Chin-Ngan. 

Hiao-Y,  a  town  of  China.     See  Heeow-Ee. 

Hiarnoe,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Hjarnob. 

Hi'attville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Pawnee  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  RJul-- 
road,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Hi^awas'see,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Towns  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Hiawassee  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Atlanta. 

Hiawassee  (or  Hiwas'see)  River  rises  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  and,  running  northwestward,  inter- 
sects Cherokee  co.,  N.C.,  from  which  it  passes  into  the  state 
of  Tennessee.  It  pursues  a  N.W.  course,  forms  the  boundary 
between  Bradley  and  McMinn  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ten- 
nessee River  about  10  miles  W.  of  Decatur.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Hiawa'tha,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  42  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  about  32  miles  N.W.  of 
Atchison.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  3  newspaper 
offices,  14  churches,  public  schools,  a  library,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages.     Pop.  in  1890,  2486. 

Hiawa'tha,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rice  Lake,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peterborough.  Pop., 
chiefly  Indians,  135. 

Hibar,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Ibar. 

Hibbe,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Geib. 

Hibbiappaba,  Brazil.    See  Ibiapaba. 

Hibb's  Hole,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Brigus,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  side  of  Conception  Bay, 
3  miles  from  Brigus.     Pop.  183. 

Hibbs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.  9 
miles  from  Numa  Station. 

Hibernia,  the  Latin  name  of  iRBiiAND. 

Hiber'nia,  a  post-office  and  winter  resort  of  Clay  oo., 
Fla.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Hibernia,  a  village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  near  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Fulton. 

Hibernia,  a  post- village  in  Rockaway  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Hibernia  Mine  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of 
Morristown.     It  has  2  churches.     Iron  ore  is  mined  here. 

Hibernia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y..  in 
Clinton  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Hibiappaba,  Brazil.    See  Ibiapaba. 
^Hib'ler,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1607. 
^Hicaron,  United  States  of  Colombia.     See  Quicara. 

Hicesia,  the  ancient  name  of  Panaria. 

Hick'mau,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Little 
Obion  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  <&  Ohio  Railroad  and 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  the  latter  passing 
through  Clinton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8453  ;  in  1880,  10,651;  in  1890,  11,637. 

Hickman,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Duck  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  peanuts,  and  pork  are  the  sta- 
ples. This  county  has  iron  ore  in  plenty.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Nashville  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  Centreville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9856 ; 
in  1880,  12,095;  in  1890,  14,499. 

Hickman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  Ey., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  36  miles  below  Cairo,  and 


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56  mile*  by  land  S.W.  of  Paducah.  It  is  a  terminus  of 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad.     It  has 

8  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  seminary,  2  banks,  a 
wagon-factory,  2  spoke-factories,  a  box- factory,  3  saw-mills, 
and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1652. 

Hickman,  Garrard  co.,  Ky.     See  Fitchport. 
Hickman,  a  station  in  Boone  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Columbia 
Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad, 

9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Centralia.     It  is  near  Hallsville. 
Hickman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  on 

the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Lincoln. 

Hickman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.,  in  Simp- 
son Creek  township. 

Hickman  Creek,  of  Kentucky,  rises  in  Fayette  co., 
and  flows  through  Jessamine  co.  into  the  Kentucky  River. 

Hickman  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co,,  Mo., 
9  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hickman's,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hickman's,  Kentucky.    See  Crow's. 

Hickman's,  a  station  on  the  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City 
<fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Hickman's  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Mississippi  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Obion. 

Hickman's  Bridge,  Kentucky.    See  Fitchport. 

Hick'ory,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  pirt  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Niangua  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Nearly  half  of 
this  county  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lead  is  said 
to  be  found  in  it.  Capital,  Hermitage,  situated  on  or  near 
the  West  bank  of  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6452 ;  in  1880,  7387  ;  in  1890,  9453. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  lU.     Pop.  513. 

Hickory,  or  Seven  Hickory,  a  township  of  Coles 
CO.,  111.     Pop.  1402. 

Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.  Pop.  657. 
It  contains  Bluff  City. 

Hickory,  or  Independent,  a  post-village  of  Van 
Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the 
Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hickory,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  El  Dorado.     Pop.  258. 

Hickory,  a  station  in  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Padncah 
&  Memphis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Mayfield. 

Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Harford  oo.,  Md. 

Hickory,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Vicksburg  <fc  Meridian  Railroad,  71  miles  E.  of  Jaokson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  155. 

Hickory,  formerly  Hickory  Tavern,  a  post-town 
and  summer  resort  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  is  near  the  Ca- 
tawba River,  and  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
60  miles  W.  of  Salisbury,  and  35  miles  W.  of  Statesville. 
It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Carolina  Central  Rail- 
road. It  has  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  cotton-mills, 
flour-mills,  saw-  and  planing-mills,  a  shoe-factory,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  cigar-  and  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  2023. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Forest  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Alleghany  River.  Pop.  513.  Hickory  Station,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  is  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville 
&  Buffalo  Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tionesta. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  is  bounded 
W.  by  Neshannock  Creek.     Pop.  915. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  contains  New 
Virginia,  Sharpsville,  Wheatland,  Hermitage,  Neshannock, 
Sharon,  &c.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  Sharon,  7700.  It  has  nu- 
merous large  manufactories  of  iron,  nails,  hardware,  &o. ; 
also  very  valuable  mines  of  splint  furnace-coal,  which  is 
exteiisively  mined  for  shipment. 

Hickory,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  township, 
Washington  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
IS  4  miles  from  Primrose  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hickory  Barren,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Mo. 

Hickory  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co.,  Mich., 
in  Barry  township,  22  miles  N.E,  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  wagon-shops,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hickory  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y. 

Hickory  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
00.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Georgetown,     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark. 

Hickory  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  111., 
About  14  miles  S.E,  of  Vandalia,     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  Grundy  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Trenton.  It  has  2  stores,  and  large  manufactures  of  waluat 
and  oak  lumber  and  of  staves  and  shingles. 

Hickory  Creek,  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex.,  flows  N.E.  into 
the  Rio  Llano. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  oo.,  Ala^ 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo  Wallow. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co.,  Ky. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  oo.,  Miss.,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  oo.,  Va.,  27 
miles  S.E.  of  West  Point.  It  has  2  stores.  Here  is  White 
Marsh  Post-Office. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo.,  Gla., 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Hickory  Grove,  township,  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  487. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Keokuk  k  Des  Moines  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Albia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory  Grove,  township,  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1196. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Paduoab 
It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Jaokson  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Parma  township,  3  miles  from  Devereux  Station. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  township  of  Warren  oo..  Mo.  Pop. 
1763.     It  contains  Wright  City,  Pitts,  and  Tuque. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  oo.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  from  Neuse  Station. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Great  Bend.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Hickory  Grove,  post-office,  Prince  William  co.,  Va. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
843.     Post-office,  Homer. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  oo.,  Ark.,  6 
miles  from  Palmer  Railroad  Station. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  111. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  111.  Pop.  878. 
It  contains  Keenviile  and  New  Franklin. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  oo.,  Mo.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in 
Elk  township,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory  Mountain,  a  township  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  960. 

Hickory  Plains,  a  post- village  of  Prairie  oo..  Ark.,  39 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Hickory  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  oo..  Miss., 
8  miles  E.  of  Booneville.     It  has  a  ohurch. 

Hickory  Point,  a  township  of  Maoon  co.,  lU.  Pop 
1136.     It  contains  Forsyth. 

Hickory  Kidge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanoook  oo.,  111., 
7  miles  W,  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  ohurch. 

Hickory  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn, 

Hickory  Kan,  a  post- village  of  Carbon  oo,,  Pa,,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  It  has  a  sash-factory  and  2  or  3 
stores. 

Hickory  Tavern,  Catawba  co.,  N.C.     See  Hickobt. 

Hick'orytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.. 
Pa.,  3  miles  E.  of  Norristown. 

Hickory  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Independence  oo.. 
Ark.,  12  miles  N.  of  Batesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Hickory  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish.  La. 

Hickory  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad. 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Bolivar.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Hickory  Withe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
6  miles  from  Withe  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hicks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y,,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Erin  Station.     It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hicks,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <fe 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Morrow. 

Hicks'burg,  a  village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis. 

Hicks  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  a  church. 

Hick's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton, 

Hicks'ford,  called  alau  Greenville  Junction,  a 


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post-village,  formerly  the  capital  of  Greensville  cc,  Va.,  on 
the  Meherrin  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Peters- 
burg and  Weldon,  at  the  junction  of  the  Gaston  Branch 
Railroad,  44  miles  S.  of  Petersbarg.  It  has  4  churches 
and  several  flour-mills. 

Hicks'villey  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  oo.,  Cal.,  2 
miles  from  McConnell's  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Hicksville,  a  village  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
Bedford  and  Fall  River  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 
Bedford,  and  7  miles  from  Fall  River. 

Micksville,  a  post-village  in  Oyster  Bay  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Hicksville  &  Port  JeEfersou  Branch,  26  miles 
£.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  fine 
hotel,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  clothing,  pearl  buttons, 
mineral  water,  paper  flowers,  carriages,  sash,  and  blinds. 

Hicksville,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Hicksville,  a  post- village  in  Hicksville  township,  De- 
fiance CO.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of.  Defiance.  It  has  a  bank,  8 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  handles,  cigars,  staves,  harness,  &a. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2141;  of  the  township,  3314. 

Hicksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bland  oo.,  Va.,  27  miles 
N.  of  Wytheville. 

Hick's  Wharf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matthews  co.,  Va., 
on  an  arm  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Hi'co,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hico,  a  post-office  of  Calloway  oo.,  Ky. 

Hico,  a  village  of  Nevada.     See  Hiko. 

Hico,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Nashville  to  Hickman,  Ky.,  7  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Huntingdon. 

Hico,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex.,  85  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  649. 

Hida,  a  province  of  Japan.     See  Fida. 

Hidalgo,  hee-dil'go,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  by 
Mexico,  Queretaro,  San  Luis  Potosi,  and  Vera  Cruz.  Area, 
8158  square  miles.     Capital,  Pachuoa.     P.  (1882)  434,096. 

Hidalgo,  h^-dal'go,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas, 
borders  on  Mexico.  Area  estimated  at  2970  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Rio  Grande.  The  surface 
is  an  alluvial  plain,  in  which  running  water  is  scarce.  The 
soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  it  produces  pasture  for  nu- 
merous cattle  and  horses.  Capital,  Hidalgo,  situated  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Pop.  in  1870,  2387;  in 
1880,_  4847  ;  in  1890,  6534. 

Hidalgo,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  111.,  on  the  Gray- 
ville  <fc  Mattoon  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Newton. 

Hidalgo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hidalgo  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Rio  Grande,  57  miles  above  Brownsville. 

Hidas,  hee'd6sh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Baranya, 
•bout  10  miles  from  Sz^kszard.     Pop.  2572. 

Hidda,  hid'di,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  5  miles  S.  of 
Jelalabad.  In  its  vicinity  are  numerous  mounds  and  caves, 
containing  sepulchral  relics,  vessels,  ornaments,  Sassanian 
and  Byzantine  coins,  and  supposed  to  be  of  Booddhic  origin. 

Hiddens-ce,  Hiddenso,  hid'dens-o^,  or  Hidden- 
see,  hid'd^n-si^  an  island  of  Prussia,  Pomerania,  in  the 
Baltic,  immediately  W.  of  RUgen.  Length,  9  miles.  Pop. 
690,  in  6  villages,  the  chief  of  which  is  Kloster. 

Hidegknt,  heeMfig^koot',  or  Kaltenbrunii,k&l't§n- 
br66nn\  a  village  of  Hungary,  4  miles  from  Fiirstenfeld. 
Pop.  1600,  chiefly  Germans. 

Hidjel'lee,  a  former  district  of  Bengal,  now  included 
in  Midnapoor. 

Hidveg,  hidVSg',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zem- 
plin,  pn  the  Hemad,  about  8  miles  from  Miskolcz,    P.  1280. 

Hidveg,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  on  the 
Raab,  1 1  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stein-am- Anger. 

Hielm,  heelm,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Jutland,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ebeltoft. 

Hielmar,  a  lake  of  Sweden.     See  Hjelmak. 

Hiera,  an  ancient  name  of  Maritimo. 

Hierap'olis  (Turk.  Pamhuk  or  Pambook  Kaleh,  pim^- 
book'  ki'l^h,  "cotton  castle"),  an  ancient  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  situated  near  the  Lycus,  121  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Smyrna.  Its  interesting  ruins,  among  which  are 
those  of  3  churches,  a  theatre,  a  gymnasium,  and  many 
iepulchral  monuments,  attest  its  former  magnificence. 

Hierden,  hecR'den,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Qelderland,  2  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Harderwick. 

Hi^res,  or  Hieros,  France.     See  HviRES. 

Hieron,  the  ancient  name  of  Carnsore  Point. 
89 


Hierosolyma,  an  ancient  name  of  Jerusalkm. 

Hierro,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands.     See  Feero. 

Hiester's  (hee'st^rs)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo., 
Pa.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Reading. 

Hi'ett,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Hietzing,  heet'sing,  or  Maria  Hietzing,  m&-ree'& 
heet'sing,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Vienna.  It  contains  many  elegant  summer  villas  of  the 
Viennese.     Pop.  3009. 

Hig'bee,  a  post-office  of  Bent  co.,  Col. 

Higbee,  a  post- village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.W  of  Moberly.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  109S. 

Hig'by,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0. 

Higby,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hig^gannm',  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  in 
Haddam  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  23^  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Hartford.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
feldspar-mill,  and  manufactories  of  farming-implements 
and  cotton-thread.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Hig'gins,  a  township  of  Roscommon  oo.,  Mich.    P.  76. 

Higgins,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  401. 

Higgins  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Hig'ginson,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Jnd- 
sonia. 

Higgin's  Point,  a  cape  of  Alaska,  forming  the  N.W. 
point  of  the  N.  entrance  into  the  channel  of  Revilla-Gigedo, 
in  lat.  55°  27'  N.,  Ion.  131°  34'  W. 

Hig'ginsport,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Higginsport,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Lewis 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  White  Oak 
Creek,  45  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
steamboat-landing,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office.  About  2000  hogsheads  of 
tobacco  are  shipped  here  annually.    Pop.  in  1890,  764. 

Hig'ginsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  13 
or  14  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Higginsville,  a  post- village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  12^ 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  10  churches,  3 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school,  <fec.    Pop.  2315. 

Higginsville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Rome.  It  is  3  miles 
from  State  Bridge  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  219. 

Higginsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va., 
1 0  miles  S.  of  South  Branch  Station. 

Higgs'ton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga. 

Higham,  hi'am,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
parish  of  Shirland.     Pop.  500. 

Higham  Fer'rers,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14i 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a  richly- 
ornamented  church,  with  a  chapel,  Ac,  which  are  the 
remains  of  a  monastic  college.     Pop.  of  parish,  1232. 

High  Bank,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  on  or  near  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  11  miles  S.  of  Washington. 

High  Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Aiigusta.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

High  Bluff,  a  post-village  in  Marquette  co.,  Manitoba, 
on  the  river  Assiniboin,  51  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winnipeg. 
It  is  the  centre  of  one  of  the  best  grain-sections  of  the 
province,  and  has  large  resources  in  good  timber.  It  con- 
tains 2  saw-mills,  a  brewery,  a  store,  2  hotels,  and  3  churches. 
Lake  Manitoba  lies  about  12  miles  N.  of  the  village. 

High  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  High  Bridge  Railroad, 
42  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Easton.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  car- 
wheels  and  axles,  and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  700 

High  Bridge,  Muskingum  co.,  0.     See  Ellis. 

High  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa 

High  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala. 

High  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Marbletown  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Rosendale  Station,  which  is 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  3  churches  and  3  manu- 
factories of  cement.     Pop.  in  1890,  674. 

High  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  8  miles  from 
Walhalla. 

High'field,  a  post- village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Kennetcook  River,  3i  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  200. 

High  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
in  High  Forest  township,  near  Root  River,  15  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Rochester,  and  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-factory.  Pop.  196 ;  of  town- 
ship (additional),  1007. 

High'gate,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  4) 


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1402 


HIG 


miles  N.N."W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  stands  on  a  fine 
eminence,  about  450  feet  above  the  metropolis,  has  a  hand- 
some church,  spacious  cemetery,  grammar-school,  hospital, 
and  an  almshouse.     Pop.  6339. 

High  Gate,  a  post-ofiBoe  of  Maries  co.,  Mo. 

High'gate ,  a  post-village  in  Highgate  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Albans,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain.  The  township,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  contains  4  ohurohes, 
Btove-factories,  Ac,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1853. 

High  Gate,  a  post-office  of  Surry  oo.,  Va. 

High'gate,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  10  miles  W.  of  Annotto 
Bay.     Pop.  2846. 

Highgate  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
in  Highgate  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the 
Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  St.  Albans. 
It  has  3  churches.     Here  is  Highgate  Station. 

Highgate  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort 
of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  Highgate  township,  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  and  on  Missisquoi  Bay,  13  miles  N. 
of  St.  Albans.  It  has  mineral  springs,  a  church,  and  a 
large  hotel. 

High  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Bardstown. 

High  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co..  Mo. 

High  Health,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

High  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Leake  co..  Miss. 

High  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.,  on 
ihe  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  73  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  5  stores,  and  a 
mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

High  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.,  in  Meigs 
township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

High  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  oo.,  Tex.,  2i  miles 
from  Schulenburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 

High  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

High  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Uniontown.     Coal  is  found  here. 

High  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

High  Knob,  Pennsylvania.    See  Pocono  Mountaim. 

High  Lake,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  205. 

High  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Honesdale.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Highland,  hi'land,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  527  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Paint,  Brush,  White  Oak,  and  other  creeks,  and  is  a  table- 
land or  hilly  upland,  its  highest  hills  being  about  1300  feet 
above  tide-water.  The  surface  presents  beautiful  scenery, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
buckeye,  sugar-maple,  chestnut,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Niagara  limestone  of  good  quality  underlies  a  large  part  of 
the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati,  Portsmouth  & 
Virginia  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Hills- 
borough, the  capital  of  the  county.  Capital,  Hillsborough. 
Pop.  in  1870,  29,133;  in  1880,  30,281;   in  1890,  29,048. 

Highland,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  389  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Cowpasture  River,  Back  Creek,  and  the 
South  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  which  rise  in  it  and  flow  in 
opposite  directions.  The  main  range  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county, 
the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  with  another  high  par- 
allel ridge  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  valleys 
produce  grass,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  Capital,  Monterey. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4151;  in  1880,  5164;  in  1890,  5352. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ala.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  111.    Pop.  1026. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  Catholic  seminary,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  brewery,  an  embroidery-works,  a  machine-shop,  an 
elevator,  a  sausage-factory,  a  condensed-milk  factory,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  planine-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1857. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1509. 
Its  N.E.  border  is  on  Whitewater  River. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  White  River.     Pop.  1143. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
en  the  E.  by  the  Wabash,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Illinois 
line.     Pop.  2232.     It  contains  Gessie  and  Perrysrille. 


Highland,  a  hamlet  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  is  near 
the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  i 
Chicago  Railroad,  24i  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland  township,  Clay- 
ton CO..  Iowa,  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fayette.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Volga  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  780. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  122. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  317. 

Highland,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  299. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     P.  217. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  593. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  563. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  913. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.    P.  787. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Minnesota  line.     Pop.  852. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Clay  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  476. 
Post-office,  Powellsburg. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Iowa  township,  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Leavenworth,  and 
4  miles  W.  of  Highland  Station  of  the  Atchison  A  Nebraska 
Railroad.  Here  is  the  Highland  University  ( Presbyterian), 
founded  in  1859.  It  has  3  churches,  a  banking-house,  a 
brewery,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  farming-imple- 
ments.    Pop.  about  750. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop 
437.     Post-offices,  Amity  and  Upland. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Morris  oo.,  Kansas.   Pop.  338. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Highland,  a  station  on  the  Dedham  Branch  of  the 
Boston  A  Providence  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Suffolk  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  East- 
em  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Chelsea. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mich.,  ia 
Highland  township,  2  miles  from  Highland  Station  of  the 
Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.  of 
Pontiac,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  churoh,  a 
wagon-shop,  and  a  store.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1267. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  119. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Holt  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has 
a  church. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn.  Pop 
832.     It  contains  Lyon. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tishomingo  oo..  Miss., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corinth.     It  has  2  stores. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  4  miles  N.£.  of 
Crete. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Coos  oo.,  N.H. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  North- 
ern Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  13  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware,  which  separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.     P.  1046. 

Highland,  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lloyd 
township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles 
from  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2  boarding-houses,  several  ele- 
gant residences,  3  churches,  6  stores,  3  hotels,  a  spoke-fao- 
tory,  and  2  wagon-shops.  It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.    Pop.  946. 

Highland,  Highland  oo.,  0.    See  New  LExmoToir. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Po^ 
784.     It  contains  Bloomfield. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  421. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pittn- 
burg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Home- 
wood,  Pa. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Towanda. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.  Pop.  958. 
It  contains  Gum  Tree  and  Rosenvick. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  bounded 
S.E.  by  the  Clarion  River.  Pop.  524.  It  contains  Helen 
Furnace. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D.,  19 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E,  of  Sioux  Falls. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn. 

Highland,  a  station  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Bingham  Canon  A  Camp  Floyd  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Bingham  Junction. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  eo.,  W.  Va. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  oo..  Wis.,  in  High- 


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1403 


UIG 


land  township,  about  54  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  flour,  furniture,  ploughs, 
Ac.  Pop.  482;  of  the  township,  3024.  Lead-mines  have 
been  opened  here. 

Highland  Centre)  a  post-ofQoe  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa, 
9  or  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Highland  Creek,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Hender- 
son CO.,  runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Union  co. 

Highland  Creek,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  4  stores,  2 
hotels,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Highland  Falls,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
about  47  miles  above  New  York,  2  miles  below  West  Point, 
and  about  2  miles  from  Garrison's  Station.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  razor-strops,  Ac. 
Pop. in  1890,  2237. 

Highland  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  5  or  6 
miles  S.  of  Anamosa. 

Highland  Home,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C., 
7  miles  N.  of  Laurens  Court- House. 

Highland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
13  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
large  tannery,  a  flour- mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Highland  Park,  an  incorporated  town  of  Lake  co., 
111.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 
It  is  on  a  bluff  100  feet  above  the  lake.  It  has  a  hotel,  6 
churches,  an  academy,  a  ladies'  seminary,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  many  fine  residences.     Pop.  in  1890,  2163. 

Highland  Park,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
Bchool,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Highland  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Fillmore  co., 
Minn.,  5  miles  E.  of  Whalan.     It  has  a  church. 

Highlands,  hi'landz  (commonly  pronounced  in  Scot- 
land hee'landz),  a  natural  division  of  Scotland,  compre- 
hending the  country  to  the  N.  and  N.W.,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  Lowlands,  which  occupy  the  S.  and  S.E.  districts. 
The  division  is  formed  by  the  Grampians,  which  extend 
across  the  island  from  Argyleshire  on  the  Atlantic  to  Aber- 
deenshire or  the  German  Ocean.  The  appellation  of  High- 
lands extends  also  to  the  Hebrides  or  Western  Isles. 

Inhab.  High'lander. 

Highlands,  or  Nev'ersink  Hills,  in  New  Jersey, 
extend  N.W.  and  S.E,  from  Sandy  Hook  to  Raritan  Bay. 
Mount  Mitchell,  the  highest  elevation,  is  282  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  Here  are  the  two  Highland  Lights,  100 
feet  apart,  lat.  40°  23'  N,,  Ion.  73°  59'  W. 

Highlands,  a  station  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Highlands,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Neversink  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch,  and  about  25  miles  S. 
of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church  and  3  large  boarding- 
houses,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  Here 
is  Highlands  Post-Office. 

Highlands,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2953. 
It  contains  Highland  Falls. 

Highlands,  a  post-village  of  Macon  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Blue  Ridge,  30  miles  N.  of  Walhalla,  S.C.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  a  hilly  and  picturesque 
region  of  New  York,  on  both  sides  of  the  Hudson  River. 
The  Highlands  are  mostly  comprised  in  the  cos.  of  Orange, 
Putnam,  and  Dutchess,  The  highest  summit,  named  New 
Beacon,  has  an  altitude  of  1685  feet  above  tide-water. 
Many  lofty  and  precipitous  bluffs  rise  close  to  the  shores 
of  the  river. 

Highland  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Lake  oo.,  Cal. 

Highlands  Station,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Fla. 

Highlands  Station,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Peeks- 
kill. 

Highland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison  A  Nebraska  Railroad,  25  miles  N, 
of  Atchison. 

Highland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland  town- 
ship, Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  28  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Flint.  It 
has  a  graded  school  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Highland  Station,  a  village  and  station  of  Galveston 
CO.,  Tex.,  11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Galveston. 

High'landtown,  a  suburb  of  Baltimore  City,  Md. 
It  has  3  churches,  chemical- works,  oil-refineries,  breweries, 
andpork-packing  establishments. 

Highlandtown  (Inverness  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Colimibiana  co.,  0.,  5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Salineville. 


Highland  Village,  a  village  in  Colchester  oo,.  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  21  miles  W.  of  Truro.     Pop,  100. 

High'landville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Decorah.     It  has  a  church. 

Highlandville,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
in  Needham  township,  on  the  Woonsocket  division  of  the 
New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  11  miles  AV^.S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  6  woollen- 
factories,  which  produce  stockings,  cardigan  jackets,  Ac. 

Highlandville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.. 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 

High  Market,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.    P.  1068. 

High  Mills,  a  village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  S. 
of  Burnt  Hills.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
woollen-mill. 

High  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Schenectady.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

High'more,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Hyde  co.,  S.D., 
63  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Huron. 

High  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches. 

High  Point,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  CO.,  Iowa,  in 
High  Point  township,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

High  Point,  Harford  co.,  Md.     See  Fairmount. 

High  Point,  a  post-village  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.  of  California.  It  has  8  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  bagging,  ploughs,  and  wagons. 

High  Point,  a  post-village  in  High  Point  township, 
Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  seminary, 
3  newspaper  offices,  2  cotton-factories,  3  tobacco-factories, 
and  a  shuttle-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3481. 

High  Point,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  11  mileb 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville. 

High  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  from  Navasota.     It  has  a  church. 

High  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  oo., 
Kansas,  in  High  Prairie  township,  about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Leavenworth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1318. 

High  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Stamford.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  baskets  and  shirts. 

High  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo,,  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

High  Rock,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  York, 

High  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  N.AV.  of  West  Point,  Ga.  It  has  a  church  and  • 
woollen-factory. 

High  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  Ga.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Watkinsville.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  1136. 

High  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C. 

High'spire,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Swatara  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  612. 

High  Switch,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Belleville  A  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  BelleviUe. 

Hightae,  hi'tk,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Dumfries, 
2i  miles  S.  of  Lochmaben.  Pop.  409.  This  place,  with 
three  small  contiguous  villages,  constitutes  the  Four  Towns, 
the  land  of  which  has  been  held  by  the  inhabitants  by  mere 
right  of  possession,  since  the  days  of  Bruce.  Some  of  the 
people  are  gypsies. 

High'tower,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  2A 
miles  W.  of  Carrollton,  Ga.  Here  is  a  copper-mine,  with  3 
smelting-furnaces. 

High  Tower,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  oo.,  Ga.,  near 
the  Etowah  River,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Hightower  River,  Georgia.    See  Etowah. 

Hightowers,  post-township,  Caswell  co.,  N.C.    P.  1502. 

High'town,a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Hightstown,  hits'tCwn,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co., 
N.J.,  40  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden,  and  14  miles  E.  by 
N,  of  Trenton.  It  has  the  Peddle  Institute,  a  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
shirt-factory,  a  shoe-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  1875. 

High  View,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

High'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  abont 
7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a  church  and  man<ifa«> 
tures  of  bee-hives  and  machinery. 


Hia 


1404 


HIL 


Iligh'water,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  291. 

High'way',  a  station  in  Houghton  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Mineral  Range  Railroad,  4  miles  by  rail  from  Calumet,  and 
8  miles  from  Hancock. 

High'wood,  a  neat  post-village  of  Lake  oo.,  111.,  in 
Deerfield  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&,  Northwestern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  3  churches. 

High  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
augerties  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Tivoli.    It  has  2  churches. 

High'worth,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Wilts,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Swindon,  on  an  eminence,  near  the  Vale  of 
White  Horse.  It  is  irregularly  built  of  stone,  and  has  an 
ancient  church,  with  two  curious  chapels  attached. 

High  Wycombe,  England.    See  Wycombe. 

Higo,  a  province  of  Japan.     See  FiGO. 

Higuera,  e-gi'rS,,  a  village  of  Chili,  province  and  33 
miles  N.B.  of  Coquimbo  (or  La  Serena).  It  has  silver-  and 
copper-mines.     Pop.  2322. 

Higuera  de  Bargas,  e-gi'r4  d4  baR'gis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremaduia,  27  miles  S.  of  Badajos.    Pop.  2168. 

Higuera  de  la  Serena,  e-g&'r&  d4  1&  si-r&'n&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  80  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  1472. 

Higuera  Junto  Aracena,  e-g&'r&  Hoon'to  &-r&-th4'- 
n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Huelva,  in  the 
Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  1880. 

Higuera-la-Real,  e-g&'r&-l&-r&-&I',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  41  utiles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  a  hospital, 
a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  trade  in  wine.     Pop.  4558. 

Higueruela,  e-gi-roo-i'li,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  26  miles  E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2414. 

Higuey,  hee^gi',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Hayti,  re- 
public and  78  miles  E.  of  Santo  Domingo,  and  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Higuey  Bay. 

Higuey  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  island  of  Hayti,  protected 
by  the  island  of  Saona,  in  lat.  18°  20'  N.,  Ion.  68°  40'  W. 

Hi-Ho,  a  river  of  Corea.     See  Hee-Ho. 

H^jar,  or  Hixar,  e-Har',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teruel,  on  the  Martin.    Pop.  3133. 

Hika,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.     See  Centreville. 

Hiklar,  hee'klar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  6  miles  N. 
of  Kaisareeyeh. 

Hi'ko,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nevada,  in  a  val 
ley  of  the  Great  Basin,  about  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hamilton. 
It  has  silver-mines,  the  product  of  which  is  the  chief 
article  of  export  of  Lincoln  co. ;  also  a  quartz-mill. 

Hila,  hee'ia,  a  village  of  Amboyna,  with  a  governor's 
house,  a  Christian  church,  and  a  Mohammedan  temple. 

Hilabee  Creek,  Alabama.    See  Hillabee  Creek. 

Hil'bert,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  27  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Green  Bay,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Menasha. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-box  factory, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs. 

Hilchenbach,  hilK'^n-blK^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Siegen.     Pop.  1575. 

Hil'da,  or  Thrash'er's  Cor'ners,  a  post-village 
in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Moira,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Belleville.     It  has  2  hotels.     Pop.  100. 

Hildburghansen,  hilt'bSSRG-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the  Werra,  17  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Meiningen.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  burgher  and  a 
Jews'  school,  orphan,  lunatic,  and  deaf-mute  asylums,  and 
manufactures  of  cloth  and  papier-mach6.  It  was  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Saxe-Hildburghausen.    P.  5148. 

Hil'den,  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  and  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
and  linens.     Pop.  6789. 

Hilders,  hil'd^rs,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Ulster,  67 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1057. 

Hildesheim,  hil'd^s-hime^  a  town  of  Hanover,  at  a 
railway  junction,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Hanover.  Pop.  22,581, 
of  whom  one-third  are  Roman  Catholics.  It  is  a  large,  old- 
fashioned  town,  enclosed  by  ramparts,  now  used  as  public 
walks,  and  has  a  cathedral  of  the  ninth  century,  3  churches, 
a  consistory  and  a  college  belonging  to  the  Roman  Catho- 
lics, a  Protestent  college,  deaf-mute  and  lunatic  asylums, 
public  schools,  a  councU  hall,  and  a  trade  in  coarse  linen 
cloths  and  yarn  and  in  cattle.     It  is  a  CathoUc  bishop's  see. 

Hil'drethsbnrg,  a  post-oflBce  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn. 

Hilfrath,  hil'frit,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  990. 

Hilgersdorf,  hil'gh?rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Hochwald,  near  the  frontiers  of  Saxony,     Pop.  1577. 

Hil'ham,  a  post-village  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  about  85 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nashville.    It  has  2  churches. 


Hill ,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Rich- 
land Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle, 
cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  railways,  which  meet  at 
Hillsborough,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,7453:  in  1880. 
16,554;  in  1890,  27,583. 

Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  EfBngham  co..  111.,  6  miles  E.  of 
Mason  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  oo.,  N.H.,  in  Hill 
township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the  Bristol  Branch 
of  the  Northern  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cabinet  organs, 
glazing-tools,  melodeons,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  620. 

Hill,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  447. 

Hill,  Mercer  oo.,  Pa.     See  Charlkston. 

Hillabee,  Clay  co.,  Ala.    See  Millerville. 

Hill'abee  (or  Hil'abee)  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in 
Clay  CO.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River 
in  Tallapoosa  co. 

Hillah,  or  Hilla,  hil'l&,  written  also  Hellah,  hel'- 
1&,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  60  miles  S.  of  Bagdad,  the 
modern  representative  of  Babylon,  and  near  the  centre  of 
its  ruins,  on  both  sides  of  the  Euphrates,  here  crossed  bv  a 
floating  bridge.  Lat.  32"  28'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  44°  28'  E.  Pop. 
about  10,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  earth  ramparts  and  a  ditch, 
is  entered  by  4  gates,  and  has  a  citadel,  a  mosque,  several 
convents,  some  pretty  well  supplied  bazaars,  and  manufao- 
tures  of  silks.  The  town  has  dye-houses  and  tanneries, 
but  its  population  is  chiefly  agricultural. 

Hillaya,  hil-li'&,  or  Hilliya,  hil-lee'i,  a  small  town 
of  Sinde,  39  miles  S.  of  Hyderabad. 

Hill  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading. 

Hill  City,  a  post-village  of  Graham  oo.,  Kansas,  33 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hoxie.  It  has  4  ohurohes,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  ofiices,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  545. 

Hill  City,  a  post-village  and  miniog  centre  of  Penning- 
ton CO.;  S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  46  miles  by  rail  8.  of 
Deadwood.  It  has  4  ohurohes,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces, 
lumber-  and  saw-mills,  general  stores  and  business  bouses, 
and  mincf!  of  tin.     Pop.  479. 

Hille,  hil'lfh,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  3030. 

Hille,  bil'li,  a  village  of  Sweden,  laen  and  4  miles  N.B. 
of  Gefle. 

Hil'legasB,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa., 
near  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  AUentown. 

Hillegcrsberg,  hil'l^h-ohfrs-b^RO^  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Haarleu^ 
Pop.  2606. 

Hillegom,  hil'l9h-Bom^,-a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
2i  miles  N.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2486. 

Hillerod,  Denmark.    See  Frederickbbero. 

Hillersdorf,  hil'l^rs-donr,  Nieder,  nee'd^r,  and  Ober, 
o'b^r,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle  of  Troppau,  od 
the  Oppa.     Pop.  1896. 

Hill  Gove,  a  post-office  of  Gove  oo.,  Kansas,  at  Bufialo 
Station  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  E.  of  Wallace. 

Hill  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Meade  co.,  Ky. 

Hill  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  &,  Union  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Union  City,  Ind.. 
and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop 
about  200. 

Hill  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Ya., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  3  stores. 

Hill 'ham,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  44  miles  N. 
of  Cannelton. 

HilPhead',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  is  one 
of  the  finest  suburbs  of  Glasgow.  It  lies  W.  of  that  city 
and  N.  of  Partick.     Pop.  3718. 

Hill'house,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  0. 

Hill'hnrst,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  New  Tacoma. 
Here  is  a  Granger  hall. 

Hillian's  (hil'yanz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  masonic  hall,  and  a  high  school. 

Hilliard,  hil'yard,  a  station  in  Ware  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Waresborough 

Hilliard,  or  Hilliards,  a  post-village  in  Norwich 
township,  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  it 
Indiana  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  40U. 


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Hilliard)  a  post-village  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Evanston. 
Elevation,  7310  feet.  It  has  a  hotel,  3  saloons,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  charcoal.  The  Hilliard  Flume  & 
Lumber  Company  have  here  a  flume  28  miles  long. 

Hilliard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hopkins  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railrosul,  22  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  saw -mill. 

Hilliard' s » a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  46  miles  S.E.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels. 

Hilliardston,  hil'yards-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nash  co., 
N.C.,  11  miles  W.  of  Battleborough.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Hilliardsville}  hll'yardz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co., 
Ala. 

Hillier,  hil'y^r,  or  Pleas'ant  Val'ley,  a  post-village 
in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It 
contains  a  carding-mill  and  2  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Hillion,  heeryiNo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfites-du- 
Nord,  4  miles  E.  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  346. 

Hillis,  the  ancient  name  of  Sabioncello. 

Hil'lisburg,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Johnson  township,  on  the  Lafayette  &  Muncie  Railroad,  11 
miles  E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Hilliya,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hillaya. 

Hill  River,  of  British  America.     See  Hates  River. 

Hill's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad, 
11  miles  S.  of  Bowie  Junction. 

Hills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Hill's,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chartiers 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hillsborough,  hilz'bur-ruh,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lisburn.  It  has  a  fine  church, 
ruins  of  a  castle,  the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of  Downshire, 
and  a  hospital.     Pop.  885. 

Hillsborough,  hilz'biir-ruh,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  in 
the  W.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Tampa  Bay.  The  latter  extends 
inward  to  the  middle  of  the  county,  and  is  about  35  miles 
long.  The  surface  is  low  and  nearly  level :  the  soil  produces 
cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn.  It  is  rich  in  phos- 
phates. Area,  1280  square  miles.  Capital,  Tampa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3216;  in  1880,  5814;  in  1890,  14,941. 

Hillsborough,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, bordering  on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  S4i 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Merrimac  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Contoocook,  Souhegan,  and  Piscat- 
aquog  Rivers,  which  afford  abundant  motive-power.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  beech,  elm,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &o. ;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  fine 
granite,  and  important  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and 
many  other  articles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Concord  <fc 
Montreal  Railroad  and  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  with  Manchester  and  Nashua,  the 
capitals.  Another  railroad  connects  Manchester,  the  chief 
city  of  this  county,  with  Lawrence.  Pop.  in  1870,  64,238 ; 
in  1880,  75,634;  in  1890,  93,247. 

Hillsbbrough,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  De- 
catur.    It  has  5  churches  and  an  academy. 

Hillsborough,  a  post- village  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  cotton-gin,  a  saw- 
mill, and  general  stores. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Weld  co.,  Col.,  about 

10  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Greeley,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  9 

miles  S.W.  of  Monticello,  and  about  26  miles  N.  of  Macon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  111.,  in  Hillsborough  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  67  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 

11  miles  E.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  an 
academy,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  furniture.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Hillsborough,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  chum-faotory.  Here  is 
Pickard's  Mill  Post-Office. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cain  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has  1  or  2  bank- 
ing-houses, 4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  «fco.     Pop.  about  300. 


Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Salem  township,  about  35  miles  W.  of  Burlington.     It  has 

3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 
Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas, 

about  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  butter 
and  cheese.     Pop.  555. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  50 
miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  about  24  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  212. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on 
Tuckahoe  Creek,  and  on  the  Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Easton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  6  stores,  and  3  warehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  174. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Forest.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Mo.,  in  Central  township,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Victoria  Sta- 
tion, about  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  10  miles  W.  of 
the  Mississippi  River.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  church, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  264. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  2J  miles  from  Hillsborough  Bridge  Station,  and 
about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  several 
churches.  Hillsborough  township  contains  Hillsborough 
Bridge  village,  and  has  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  hosiery,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2120. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Raritan  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad.     Pop.  3443. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sierra  co.. 
New  Mexico,  18  miles  N.  of  Lake  Valley.  It  has  a  church 
organization,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  621. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co., 
N.C.,  in  Hillsborough  township,  on  the  Eno  River,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a  court-house,  the 
Hillsborough  Military  Academy,  7  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  662;  of  the  township,  4160. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  40 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Fargo.    It  has  6  churches,  3  banks, 

4  newspaper  offices,  flour-mills,  iron- works,  and  brick-yards. 
Pop.  715. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Highland  co., 
0.,  in  Liberty  township,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Marietta  A 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  62  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  the  Hillsborough  Female  College,  a  court-house, 
7  churches,  3  banks,  a  union  school,  bent-wood-works,  a 
chair-factory,  2  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, woollen  goods,  farm-bells,  clothing,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  3620. 
A  narrow-gauge  railroad  extends  from  this  place  south- 
ward to  Sardinia,  17  miles. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  Tualatin  River,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  by 
S.  of  Portland,  and  40  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  flour-mills,  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-bamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  wagon-shop. 

Hillsborough  (Scenery  Hill  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Washington  co.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsborough,  a  village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  22^ 
miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  plough- 
factory,  2  stores,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hill  co.,  Tex., 
66  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Dallas,  and  55  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  E.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2541. 

Hillsborough,  a  hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  4^ 
miles  from  Mechum's  River  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hillsborough  (Academy  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ronceverte. 
It  bas  2  churches  and  about  15  houses. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis., 
about  68  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  hardware-factory.  Ac. 

Hillsborough,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Six-Mile  Road. 

Hills'borough,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick,  ca 
of  Albert,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  and  on  the  Albert  Rail- 
way, 22  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.     It  contains  a  hotel,  sev- 


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1406 


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eral  stores,  churches,  and  schools,  and  a  plaster-mill.  Val- 
uable coal-mines  and  gypsum-quarries  are  worked  in  the 
vicinity.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  900. 

Hillsborougn,  the  principal  town  of  the  island  of 
Carriacou,  West  Indies. 

Hillsborough  Bridge,  a  post- village  in  Hillsborough 
township,  Hillsborough  co,,  N.H.,  on  the  Contoocook  River, 
and  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Concord.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  stockings,  shirts,  drawers,  bedsteads,  knit- 
ting-machines, &o. 

Hillsborough  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H. 

Hillsborough  River,  in  Hillsborough  oo.,  Fla.,  a 
stream  which  enters  Hillsborough  Bay  (an  arm  of  Tampa 
Bay)  at  the  town  of  Tampa. 

Hillsborough  River,  a  salt-water  tidal  lagoon  in 
Volusia  CO.,  Fla.,  extending  S.S.E.  30  miles  from  Mosquito 
Inlet.  Its  northward  continuation  is  called  Halifax  River, 
and  the  whole  is  often  called  Mosquito  River. 

Hillsborough  Upper  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  90. 

Hill's  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Cayuga  Railroad.  Hill's  Branch  Station  is  about 
3  miles  S.  of  Cayuga.  It  has  plaster-mills. 
Hillsburg,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Beak  Rivee. 
Hills'burg,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Credit,  and  on  the  Credit  Valley  Railroad,  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Fergus.  It  contains  2  grist-mills,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  4  churches,  4  stores, 
and  3  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Hill's  Corners,  or  Wee'saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ber- 
rien CO.,  Mich.,  in  Weesawtownship,  5  miles  N.  of  Galien. 
It  has  a  church.  ~ 

Hill's  Corners,  Columbia  co..  Wis.  See  Hartman. 
Hills'dale,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  597  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Kalamazoo  River,  the  St.  Joseph's  River 
(of  the  Maumee),  and  the  St.  Joseph's  (of  Lake  Michigan), 
all  of  which  rise  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  other  trees  abound.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  butter,  wool,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  of  good 
quality  underlies  a  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  and  the 
Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinaw  Railroad,  two  branches  of 
the  former  passing  through  Hillsdale,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,684:  in  1880,  32,723:  in  1890, 
30,660. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  on  or 
near  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Helt  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  auid 
on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Indiana  <k  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Montezuma.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Qlen- 
wood.     Pop.  86. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  in  Marysville  township, 
Miami  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  <fc 
Gulf  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  7  miles 
N.  of  Paola.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  city,  capital  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  is  in 
a  township  of  the  same  name,  near  the  head  of  the  St.  Joseph 
River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
33  miles  W.  of  Adrian,  167  miles  from  Chicago,  22  miles  E. 
of  Coldwater,  and  90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  8  churches,  1  national  bank,  2  savings-banks, 
a  high  school,  3  hotels,  2  foundries,  a  planing-mill,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Here  is  Hillsdale  College  (Free  Bap- 
tist), which  was  organized  in  1855  and  has  about  450  students. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3441;  in  1890,  3915;  of  the  township,  addi- 
tional, 455. 
Hillsdale,  a  township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  549. 
Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  12  miles  below  Brownville,  and  about  75 
miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 


Hillsdale,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hillsdale  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
110  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York,  and  about  16  miles  E.  by 
8.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  furnace,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1554. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  oo.,  N.C.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Greensborough,     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Hillsdale,  a  station  in  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  main  line,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  oo..  Pa,,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maoon  co.,  Tenn.,  17  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Gallatin. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  oo.,  Utah,  on  Sevier 
River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Beaver.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Union.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  station  in  Laramie  oo.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cheyenne. 

Hills'dale,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo..  New  Brunswick, 
30  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  200. 

Hill's  Fac'tory,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C^ 
17  miles  S.  of  Spartanburg. 

Hill's  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Oal.,  on 
the  San  Joaquin  River,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Turlook.  It  haa 
a  seminary,  a  foundry,  a  banking-house,  and  4  churchev. 

Hill's  Ferry,  North  Carolina.    See  Palmyra. 

Hill's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  Tex.,  on  Red 
River. 

Hill's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  about  60 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hill's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  MoDonough  oo.,  HI.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W. 
of  Tennessee. 

Hills'grove,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
Loyalsock  Creek,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It 
has  a  church,  2  large  tanneries,  and  several  mills. 

Hill's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  oo.,  R.I.,  on  th« 
Stonington  A  Providence  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  malleable  iron. 

Hill'side,  a  poet-office  of  Tishemingo  co.,  Miss. 

Hillside,  a  station  in  Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  8  miles  E.  of  Hunter's  Point. 

Hillside,  a  station  in  Montgomery  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northeast  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Hillside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  49  miles  £.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hills  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  George's  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Patuxent  River,  2i  miles  from  Upper  Marlborough. 
It  has  a  steam  mill  and  about  12  dwellings.  Steamers 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place  once  a  week. 

Hill's  Mills,  a  station  in  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Vioksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Eufaula 

Hill's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Hills  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Bastropco.,  Tex. 

Hill  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Council  Grove.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Lexington  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Frank- 
fort. 

Hill's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co  ,  0.,  in 
Goshen  township,  near  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

Hill's  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ligonier.     It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Hills'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  about 
9  miles  W.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hillsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Va., 
75  miles  E.  of  Abingdon,  and  60  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron- 
foundry,  an  oil-mill,  and  a  carding-machine  factory. 

Hill  Tip'erah  (Tip'perah,  or  Trip'ura), a  native 
state  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Assam  and  E.  by  wild  jungle- 
regions,  partly  outside  of  British  control.  On  the  S.W.  lies 
the  British  district  of  Tiperah.  It  is  governed  by  a  rajah, 
who  has  absolute  power  but  is  assisted  by  a  British  political 
agent.  Area,  3867  square  miles.  It  is  largely  a  dense 
forest,  inhabited  by  hill-tribes.  Capital,  Agartala,  a  small 
town,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Comillah.     Pop.  74,242. 

Hill'ton,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  oo..  Ark. 

Hill  Top,  a  post-office  of  Charles  oo.,  Md. 

Hill'top,  a  station  in  Bucks  oo.,  Pa,,  on  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Bethlehem. 


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Hill 'town,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Bucks  co., 
Pa.,  30  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  3  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Chalfont  Station.   The  township  has  5  churches.   Pop.  2869. 

Hill  Val'leV}  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  W.  of  ShirleysDurg.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Cald- 
well township,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  George,  4  miles 
from  Caldwell.     It  has  a  church  and  a  large  hotel. 

Hillville,  Pa.    See  Lower  and  Upper  Hillvillb. 

Hilo,  hee'lo,  a  town  of  Hawaii,  on  Byron  (Hilo  or 
Waiakea)  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Hawaii.  It  is  the  second  town,  in  the  kingdom,  and  a  pla<3e 
of  great  beauty.  Its  harbor  is  spacious  and  generally  se- 
cure.    Pop.  4220. 

Hilongos,  he-lon'gooe,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Leyte,  with  Point  Hilongos 
N.W.,  in  lat.  10°  24'  N.,  Ion.  124''  35'  E. 

Hilpoltstein,  hil'polt-stine^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  19 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1511. 

Hil'sa,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  35  miles  S.E.  of 
Patna.     Pop.  3026.     It  has  a  trade  in  grain  and  oil-seeds. 

Hilsbach,  hils'b&K,  a  town  of  Baden,  17  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1232. 

Hilsenheinijhil's^n-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  heersin^fim'),  a 
rillage  of  Germany,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Schlettstadt.    Pop.  2035. 

Hil'ton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Tazewell 
CO.,  111.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  township,  near  Peoria  Lake,  and 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Peoria.  It  has  a  church,  an  artesian  well  of  sulphur 
water,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  200. 

Hilton,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  749. 

Hilton,  a  post-office  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo. 

Hil'ton,a  post- village  in  Northumberland  oo.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  N.  of  Brighton.     Pop.  120. 

Hil'ton  Head,  a  post-township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  comprises  Hilton  Head  Island 
and  several  small  islands  on  the  S.  side  of  Port  Royal  en- 
trance, about  17  miles  S.  of  Beaufort.  Cotton,  rice,  corn, 
peanuts,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  its  staple  products.  Pop. 
of  township,  3073,  mostly  colored. 

Hil'ton's,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Tenn. 

Hilvarenbeek,  hil'vi-r^n-bik^  a  village  of  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Breda.   P.  2302. 

Hilversum,  hil'v^r-sum^  a  market-town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam.  Pop.  7805.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 

Hilzingen,  hilt'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  in  Lake 
circle,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Schaffhausen.     Pop.  1323. 

Himalaya  (him-i'l9,-ya  or  him-a-la'ya)  or  Himma- 
leh  (him-mS,'la)  Mountains,  or  The  Himalayas, 
him-4'la-yaz  (the  "  abode  of  snow;"  anc.  Imaua),  a  chain  of 
snowy  mountains,  the  most  elevated  on  the  globe,  extend- 
ing in  an  irregular  curve,  with  a  general  direction  W.N.W. 
and  E.S.E.  of  morethaui  22°  of  longitude,  nearly  1500  miles, 
breadth  100  to  160  miles,  along  the  N.  boundary  of  India, 
separating  it  from  Thibet,  and  traversing  the  state  of  Cash- 
mere, being  the  southeasternmost  of  the  mountain-ranges 
which  radiate  from  the  Pameer  plateau.  They  are  situated 
between  lat.  27°  and  35°  N.,  Ion.  73°  23'  and  9°  40'  E.,  and 
extend  from  the  river  Indus  on  the  W.  to  the  great  bend  of 
the  river  Brahmapootra  on  the  E.  The  Himalayas  are  not  a 
single  mountain-chain,  but  a  range  of  rugged  snowy  peaks, 
depending  from  the  high  table-land  of  Thibet,  and  separated 
by  deep  gorges,  the  outlets  of  rapid  streams,  generated  by 
the  melted  snow  and  ice  of  the  interior,  branching  out,  in 
Cashmere,  into  three  parallel  chains.  The  mountains  rise 
on  the  S.  from  the  plain  of  the  Ganges  in  a  wall-like  range 
from  4000  to  5000  feet  high,  broken  up  at  intervals  by  deep 
precipitous  chasms,  through  which  the  springs  and  rivers 
flow  down  with  great  impetuosity.  Between  these  and  the 
higher  ranges  lie  the  fertile  and  well -cultivated  valleys  of 
Nepaul  and  Bootan.  The  mean  elevation  of  the  range  has 
been  estimated  at  from  16,000  to  18,000  feet,  but  45  of  its 
peaks  are  known  to  exceed  23,000  feet.  Several  reach  a 
height  of  25,000  feet.  Mount  Everest,  or  Gkiurisankar,  is 
29,002  feet,  Kunchinjunga  28,156,  Dhawalaghiri  28,000, 
Morshiadi  26,522,  Jibjibia  26,305,  Nanda  Devi  25,661,  and 
Shumalari  27,200  feet  above  the  sea.  The  high  table-land 
of  Thibet,  forming  the  N.  portion  of  the  range,  has  a  more 
gradual  and  extensive  slope  than  the  steep  and  abrupt 
mountain-declivities  of  the  S.  There  are  several  passes  in 
the  Himalayas,  all  at  a  great  elevation,  the  highest  being 
the  Ibi-Gamin  Pass,  20,459  feet,  and  the  Mana-Ghat,  18,570 
feet,  between  Gnari-Khorsum  and  Gurhwal;  the  Parang 
La,  in  Spiti,  19,132  feet;  and  the  Chang  La,  18,368  feet,  and 
Takalung  La,  17,500  feet,  in  Ladakh ;  in  the  more  east- 
erly part  of  the  range  they  decrease  in  altitude,   except 


the  Dunkia  Pa«s,  18,460  feet,  between  Darjeeling  and 
Shigatze.  The  difficulty  of  these  ascents,  as  also  of  nearly 
all  those  of  less  elevation,  is  extreme.  The  base  and  sum- 
mits and  probably  the  great  mass  of  this  range  consist  of 
granite  and  crystalline  stratified  rocks.  A  zone  of  Silurian 
strata  prevails  at  elevations  of  15,000  to  18,000  feet,  and 
tertiary  strata,  some  of  very  modem  date,  with  many  or- 
ganic remains,  occur  at  various  elevations  along  the  ridge. 
The  lower  limit  of  the  snow-line  is  on  the  S.  side  16,200 
feet,  while  on  the  N.  it  is  17,400  feet.  Vegetation  also 
extends  much  higher  on  the  N.  than  on  the  S.  side.  This 
arises  from  the  serenity  and  dryness  of  the  air  and  the 
radiated  heat  from  the  extensive  sloping  table-land  towards 
the  N.,  while  on  the  S.  there  are  more  frequent  gales  and 
moisture,  and  an  abrupt  precipitous  termination  of  the 
mountains.  Some  of  the  peaks  in  the  interior  are  free  of 
snow,  and  the  contrast  of  these  with  the  other  snow-covered 
summits,  and  with  the  deep  azure  of  the  sky,  renders  the 
scenery  splendid.  Magnificent  glaciers  are  found  in  every 
part  of  the  Himalayas  and  West  Thibet  wherever  there  is 
perennial  snow.  Some  of  these,  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
range,  are  10  to  11  miles  long  and  li  miles  broad.  The 
highest  known  are  those  of  Deotal,  in  Gurhwal,  17,945  feet, 
and  Namtso,  in  Lahool,  15,570  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
base  of  the  mountains  to  the  S.  is  covered  with  a  dense 
jungle,  separating  them  from  the  plains  of  India.  This 
belt  diminishes  to  the  W.  and  N.  of  the  Jumna.  Cultiva- 
tion is  carried  to  the  foot  of  the  mountains.  At  the  base, 
vegetation  is  of  a  tropical  character ;  at  an  elevation  of  5000 
feet  European  plants  succeed.  Here  rice  and  other  grains 
are  cultivated,  as  also  a  species  of  arum,  the  roots  of  which 
form  the  food  of  the  hill-people ;  wheat  grows  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  13,000  feet,  barley  at  near  15,000  feet,  and  grass  at 
16,500  feet.  The  cultivation  of  the  tea-plant  has  been  intro- 
duced successfully  along  the  entire  S.  and  W.  face  of  the 
mountains  up  to  5000  feet.  Herds  of  cattle  are  numerous, 
and  especially  sheep  and  goats.  Mines  of  iron,  lead,  and 
copper  exist,  but  have  been  little  wrought  or  explored. 

Himberg,  him'bfiRO,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Austria, 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1578. 

Himera,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Salso. 

Him'rod's,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Milo 
township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of 
Elmira,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Seneca  Lake.  It  has  a  church, 
a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Himrod's,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia A  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  "E.  of  Erie. 

Hinch,  a  post- village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  150. 

Hinche,  h&Nsh,  a  town  of  Hayti,  46  miles  S.E.  of 
Cape  Haytien,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Artibonite. 

Hin'chinbrook  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Alaska,  with 
a  port  on  its  S.W.  coast,  called  Port  Eches.  Lat.  60°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  146°  56'  W. 

Hinck'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Leicester.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  fine 
Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  a  free  school,  2  branch  banks, 
a  large  manufactory  of  coarse  hosiery,  and  remains  of  an- 
cient walls,  castle,  and  Roman  antiquities.     Pop.  6902. 

Hinck'ley,  a  post- village  of  De  Ealb  co..  111.,  57  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Chicago.  It  hsis  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tile-factory. 

Hinckley,  a  post- village  of  Pine  co.,  Minn.,  on  Grind- 
stone River,  and  on  the  Lake  Superior  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
road, 77  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber  mills.    Pop.  618. 

Hinckley,  a  post- village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Hinck- 
ley township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  20  miles 
S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.  The  township  con- 
tains 4  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  972. 

Hindelang,  hin'd^h-ling^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  15  miles  S.  of  Kempten.     Pop.  2237. 

Hindeloopen,  hin'd^h-lo^p^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Hindia,  hin'de-i,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  on  the  Ner- 
budda,  94  miles  S.E.  of  Oojein. 

Hindian,  hin-de-&n',  Hindiyan,  hin-de-y&n',  or 
Indiyan,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  120  miles  N.W. 
of  Bushire,  and  not  far  from  the  Persian  Gulf.     Pop.  3500. 

Hind'ley,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  2  milea 
E.S.E.  of  Wigan.  It  has  iron-mills  and  coal-mines.  Pop. 
of  township,  10,627. 

Hind'man,  a  post-village  of  Kentucky,  the  capital  of 
Knott  CO.,  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Kentucky  River, 
about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Beattyville.  It  has  several  general 
stores  and  other  business  concerns. 


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1408 


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Hindmarsh,  a  N.B.  miburb  of  Adelaide,  South  Aus- 
tralia.    Pop.  4473.  ,     ^   „  J      T ,     J 

Hindden,  Iiiii'do*?n,  the  largest  of  the  LofFoden  Islands, 
Norway,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  divided  between  the  prov- 
inces of  Nordland  and  Finmark.  Length,  46  miles; 
breadth,  40  miles.     Pop.  8193. 

Hindole,  or  Hindol,  hin'dol',  a  native  state  of  India, 
one  of  the  Cuttack  Mehals.  Lat.  20°  30'-20°  50'  N. ;  Ion. 
85°  9'-S5°  31'  E.  Area,  312  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  a 
wild  jungle-tract.  Capitol,  Hindole,  a  small  village.  Pop. 
28  025 

Hin'doo-Koosh  (-Coosh,  or  -Koo),  or  Ghoor 
Mountains,  written  alsoHindoo-Knsch  or-Knsh, 
or  Indian  Caucasus,  in'de-an  kaw'ka-sfis  (anc.  Paro- 
pamisxta  Mont),  a  great  mountain-chain  of  Central  Asia, 
between  lat.  34°  and  36°  N.  and  Ion.  68°  and  75°  E.,  ex- 
tending from  the  Upper  Indus  westward  to  the  Bamian  Pass, 
separating  Afghanistan  from  Afghan  Toorkistan,  and  con- 
nected B.  with  the  Himalayas,  W.  with  the  Huzareh  Moun- 
tains, and  N.  with  the  table-land  of  Pameer.  It  rises  in 
many  parts  to  upwards  of  20,000  feet  in  elevation,  but  has 
especially  one  vast  summit,  the  Hindoo-Koh,  in  lat.  35° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  68°  50'  E.,  80  miles  N.  of  Cabool,  more  lofty 
than  the  rest,  though  no  actual  measurement  of  it  has  been 
made.  This  chain  is  generally  barren,  and  remarkably 
destitute  of  timber;  in  most  other  respects  it  resembles  the 
Himalayas.  The  principal  passes  over  the  Hindoo-Koosh 
are  the  Khawak  Pass,  13,200  feet  high ;  the  Akrobat  Pass, 
10,200  feet;  the  Kara  Kotul,  10,500  feet;  and  the  Dundun 
Shikun,  9000  feet.  Various  large  streams  have  their  sources 
in  these  mountains';  the  principal  are  the  Amoo-Darya  and 
the  Helmund. 

Hin^doon',  or  Hin^done',  a  town  of  India,  domin- 
ion and  74  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jeypoor.  It  is  well  built,  and 
has  Hindoo  temples,  constructed  in  a  Mohammedan  style. 

Hindoor,  or  Hindur,  hin^door',  called  also  Nala- 
gurh,  or  Nalagarh,  niUa-gur',  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  the  Punjab,  traversed  by  high  ranges  of  the  Himalayan 
foot-hills.     Area,  256  square  miles.     Pop.  49,698. 

Hin^doore'a,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Dumoh.     Pop.  3360. 

Ilindostan,  or  Hindustan,  hinMp-stin',  written 
also  Indostan,  Hindoostan,  Industhan,  and  Hin- 
dusthan,  a  word  of  Persian  origin,  originally  meaning 
the  "  land  of  the  river  Indus,"  or,  according  to  some  author- 
ities, the  "  land  of  the  blacks."  The  name  is  applied  by 
Persian  writers  to  India  in  general;  Europeans  apply  it 
sometimes  in  a  wide  sense  to  the  whole  peninsula  of 
India  proper,  and  sometimes  to  the  country  N.  of  the  Vin- 
dhya  Mountains.  The  name  is,  however,  not  oflSoial,  and 
is  not  so  much  used  as  in  former  times.     See  India. 

Hindostan,  hin'd^-stan',  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
10  miles  N.  of  Bloomington. 

Hinds,  hindz,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Big  Black  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central,  Queen  &  Crescent,  and  Yazoo  &,  Mississippi 
Valley  Railways,  which  converge  at  Jackson,  the  capital 
of  the  state.  Capital  of  the  county,  Raymond.  Pop.  in 
1870,  30,488;  in  1880,  43,958;  in  1890,  39,279. 

Hindsburg,  hindz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Murray  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  4i  miles  E.  of  Albion.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hind's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Hindsville,  hindz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Ark.,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Ozark.  It  has  a  select  school,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Hindn-Kusch  (or  -Knsh).    See  Hindoo-Koosh. 

Hindur,  India.    See  Hindoor. 

Hindustan,  a  region  of  Asia.    See  Hindostan. 

Hi'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 
from  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Hiner's  Run,  Clinton  co..  Pa.    See  Hyner. 

Hines,  hinz,  a  station  on  the  North  A  South  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  12  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Hinesberg,  hinz'b^rg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lao 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Hinesborongh,  hinz'biir-ruh,  or  Hindsborough, 
hindz'biir-riih,  a  post-village  of  Douglass  co..  111.,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Areola.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Uinesburg,  hlnz'burg,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden 
•o.,  Vt.,  in  Hineaburg  township,  12  miles  S.S.B.  of  Bur- 


lington. It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactnreb 
of  excelsior,  lumber,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  Here  is  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1573. 

Hine*s  (hinz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Carbondale. 

Hineston,  hinz't9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rapides  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Calcasieu  River,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Alexandria.     It  has  a  church. 

Hinesville,  hlnz'vll,  a  village  of  Liberty  co.,  Gla., 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  contains  the  Bradwell 
Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  church. 

Hinesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  oo.,  0.,  in  Sharon 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road and  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  &  Lake  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.W,  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Hinganghat,  a  town  of  India.     See  In.nycx)tta. 

Hingene,  hing'H^h-n^h  (Fr.  pron.  hiN«^zhain'),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Antwerp, 
on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  3442. 

Hing'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  5i  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wymondham.  It  has  a  large  church,  built  in 
1316,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  1605. 

Hingham,  hing'^m,  a  post- village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Hingham  township,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  and 
on  the  South  Shore  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  by  water,  or  17  miles  by  rail,  S.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  8  churches,  a  high  school,  the  Derby  Academy,  a 
public  library,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  a 
place  of  summer  resort,  commanding  fine  marine  views. 
The  township  contains  villages  named  Hingham  Centre  and 
South  Hingham.     Pop.  of  township,  4564. 

Hingham,  a  post-yillage  of  Sheboygan  oo..  Wis.,  la 
Lima  township,  2^  miles  from  Sherman  Station,  and  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Sheboygan.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
pump-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Hingham  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  oo., 
Mass.,  in  Hingham  township,  near  the  South  Shore  Branch 
of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church,  a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, boots,  cordage,  scales,  <£c. 

Hinghenghant,  or  Hingunghaut,  a  town  of  India. 
See  Innycotta. 

Hing-Hoa,  hing-bo'&,  a  maritime  city  of  China,  In 
Fo-Kien,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Amoy. 

Hinglaj,  hingMij',  a  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage,  in 
Beloochistan,  on  the  Aghor,  20  miles  from  its  month  in  the 
Indian  Ocean. 

Hing«Me,  hing^-mi',  a  town  of  China,  in  Quang-See, 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Nan-Ning. 

Hing-Ngin,  hing'-wgin'  or  hing'-Ngheen',  a  town  o* 
China,  in  Quang-Tong,  175  miles  N.E.  of  Canton. 

Hin-Gol,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.     See  Aghor. 

Hiniesta,  Iniesta,  or  Yniesta,  e-nc-Ss'ta  (ant 
Segestica  f ),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  48  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2889. 

Hin'ka  Lalce,  on  the  E.  border  of  Manchooria,  i» 
partly  in  the  Russian  government  of  Primorsk.  Its  N.  ex- 
tremity is  in  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  147°  40'  E.,  and  it  has  a  length 
of  90  miles  and  a  breadth  of  35  miles.     It  is  navigable. 

Hinkle*8  (hink'k'lz)  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River. 

Hinkle's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hinkleton,  hink'k'1-ton,  a  post-village  of  Lancastet 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  grist- 
mills and  3  stores. 

Hinkleville,  hink'k'1-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ballard  co., 
Ky.,  20  miles  W.  of  Paducah,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Cairo,  IR. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  12  families. 

Hinkleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  33 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory, 
Ac.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Hink'ley,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  bounded 
W.  by  Grand  Lake  and  S.E.  by  Big  Lake.     Pop.  19. 

Hinlopen,  or  Hinloopen,  bin'15'p§n,  the  strait 
separating  the  principal  island  of  Spitzbergen  from  East 
Island. 

Hin'man,  a  post-office  of  Emmett  co.,  Mich. 

Hin'mansville,  a  post- village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Schroeppel  township,  on  the  Oswego  River,  2  miles  from 
Lamson's  Station,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.     P.  154. 

Hinojares,  or  Hinoxares,  e-no-ni'rfis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Jaen. 

Hinojos,  e-no-HOce',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  SO 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  1277. 

Hinojosade  Duero,  e-no-Ho'si  d^  doo-i'ro,  a  town 

(rf  Spain,  in  Leon,  50  miles  W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  1616. 

Hinojosa  del  Duqne,  e-no-Ho'sS,  dSl  doo'k&,  a  towi 


HIN 


1409 


HIS 


«>f  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cordova.  Pop. 
8637.  It  has  several  convents  and  hospitals,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics  and  counterpanes. 

Hinojosa  de  San  Vicente,  e-no-Ho's&  dk  s&n  ve- 
thfin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  38  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1388. 

HinojosoS)  or  Los  Hinojosos,  loce  e-no-Ho'soce, 
a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca. 
It  consists  of  two  contiguous 'places,  Hinojoso  del  Orden, 
e-no-Ho'so  dSl  oR'dfin,  and  Hinojoso  del  Marquesado,  e-no- 
Ho'ffo  dSl  maR-ki-si'no.     Pop.  2244. 

Hinsdale,  hinz'dal,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Colo- 
rado, is  drained  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  which  rises 
in  it,  and  by  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  ever- 
green trees.  Among  its  prominent  features  are  Mount 
Canby,  Uncompahgre  Peak,  and  Mount  Oso.  Rich  mines 
of  silver  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  in  the  San  Juan 
Mountains.  Area,  1400  square  miles.  Capital,  Lake  City. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1487;  in  1890,  862. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  oo..  111.,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  classical 
academy,  and  2  newspaper  oflBces.     Pop.  in  1890,  1184. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  1 8  miles 
N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hinsdale  township,  on  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  basket-fac- 
tories, and  a  woollen-mill.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1739. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hinsdale  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ashuelot,  and  on  the  Ashuelot  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Keene,  and  about  8  miles  below  Brattleborough, 
Vt.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  and 
manufactures  of  iron,  leather,  woollen  goods,  and  mowing- 
machines.  Its  woollen-mills  employ  several  hundred  hands. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2258. 

Hinsdale,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugns  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hinsdale  township,  on  Isohua  Creek,  on  the  Erie  Railroad 
and  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  New 
York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buflfalo, 
and  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Clean.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  several  mills  for  lumber  and  flour.  Pop.  321  ; 
of  the  township,  1575. 

Hinsdale,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.T.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  4  miles  W.  of  Ghirden  City.  Post- 
office,  East  Hinsdale. 

Hin'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  or  near 
Floyd  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Hinton,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Hinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  New  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Greenbrier,  and  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  96  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  6  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
railroad  repair-shops,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2570. 

Hinweil,  hin'^ile,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich.  Near  it  are  the  Gyren  baths. 
Pop.  2638. 

Hinzuan,  one  of  the  Comoro  Islands.     See  Johanna. 

Hiogo,  he-o'go,  or  Fiogo,  fe-o'go,  a  seaport  town  of 
Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  22  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Osaka. 
It  is  on  a  fine  harbor,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Osaka,  and 
is  adjacent  to  Kob6.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  a  fine 
town  hall,  a  custom-house,  government  machine-shops,  and 
an  extensive  foreign  and  coastwise  trade.     P.  (1892)  66,618. 

Hioring,  a  town  of  Jutland.     See  Hjoring. 

Hip'pa,  a  small  island  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  W. 
of  Graham  Island,  Queen  Charlotte  group,  British  Columbia. 

Hip'perholme,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  York,  2 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  2130. 

Hippola,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Maina. 

Hipponium.     See  Monteleone  and  Bivona. 

Hippo  Regius,  the  ancient  name  of  Bona. 

Hippo  Zaritus  (or  Zarytus),  Africa.   See  Bizerta. 

Hi'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  "White  co.,  Ark.,  26  miles  from 
Kensett  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hiram,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  in  Hiram 
township,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad  (at  Hiram  Bridge  Station),  36  miles  "W.N.W. 
of  Portland.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  staves  and  shooks.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1393. 

Hiram,  a  post- village  in  Hiram  township,  Portage  co., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  Mahoning 


division,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Hiram  College  (Christian),  which  was  organized  in 
1866.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1234. 

Hi'ramsburg,  a  post- village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Noble 
township,  1  mile  from  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland 
Railroad,  and  41  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hirchova,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Hirschova. 

Hire,  a  township  of  McDonough  co..  111.    Pop.  1186. 

Hirepoli,  he-rSp'o-le,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Hire's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa, 
6i  miles  N.E.  of  Storm  Lake. 

Hirial,  he-re-il',  a  populous  village  of  British  India, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Bellary. 

Hiroshima,  heeVo-shee'mi,  or  Hirosima,  hee^ro- 
see'mi  (less  correctly  Firosima,  feeVo-see'mi),  a  city  of 
Japan,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  near  its  S.W. 
extremity.     Pop.  in  1884,  77,344;  in  1892,  90,154. 

Hirrlingen,  heeR'ling-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  1396. 

Hirschau,  hggR'shSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Amberg.     Pop.  1737. 

Hirschberg,  hgcRsh'bJRS  (Bohem.  Dokzy,  dok'zee),  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2413. 

Hirschberg,  hggRsh'bjRG,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  on  a  railway,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the 
Bober,  near  the  Bohemian  frontier.  Pop.  12,954.  It  has  1 
Lutheran  and  4  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  gymnasium, 
and  various  charitable  establishments,  and  is  an  emporium 
for  veils,  linen  fabrics,  and  hosiery,  having  also  bleaching- 
and  cotton-printing-works,  paper-mills,  sugar-refineries,  and 
potteries. 

Hirschberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Reuss-Schleitz, 
on  the  Saale,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lobenstein.     Pop.  1742. 

Hirschfeld,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Hersfeld. 

Hirschfeldan,  hggRsh'f§l-d6w^,  Mittel,  mit't^l,  Nie- 
DER,  nee'd^r,  and  Ober,  o'b^r,  three  nearly  contiguous 
villages  of  Prussian  Silesia,  in  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1150. 

Hirschfelde,  heeRsh'f5l-d§h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Neisse,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  2015. 

Hirschhorn,  hggnsh'hoRn,  or  Hirschorn,  a  village 
of  Hesse,  on  the  Neckar,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Darmstadt. 
Pop.  1762. 

Hirscholm,  hggRsh'olm,  or  Hirsholm,  hggRs'holm, 
a  village  of  Denmark,  island  of  Seeland,  14  miles  N.  of 
Copenhagen. 

Hirschova,  or  Hirsova,  hlR-sho'vi,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Hirchova,  a  t<Jwn  of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Silistria.     Pop.  4000. 

Hirsholmen,  h6SRs'horm§n,  a  group  of  small  islands 
of  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Jutland, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Frederickshavn. 

Hirsingen,  hegR'sing-§n  (Fr.  Hireingue,  heeR^siN*'),  a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Altkirch. 

Hirson,  heeR^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the 
Oise,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Vervins.  Pop.  4285.  It  has  saw- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  machinery,  nails,  Ac. 

Hirzel,  heeRt's§l,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich. 

Hisar,  or  Hissar,  his^sar',  a  Turkish  word,  signifying 
"  castle,"  forming  the  name  or  part  of  the  name  of  numerous 
towns  in  Western  Asia. 

Hisar,  or  Hissar,  a  village  and  fort  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman.  Near 
it  are  the  caves  of  Kereftee,  anciently  devoted  to  Mithraio 
worship. 

Hiseville,  his'vil,  a  post-village  of  Barren  oo.,  Ky., 
10  miles  N.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cabinet-maker's  shop. 

Hisingen,  hee'zing-^n,  an  island  of  Sweden,  formed 
by  the  two  arms  of  the  Gotha-Elf,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the 
Isen  of  Gothenburg.     Length,  15  miles. 

Hisooah,  his'oo-a,  Huswa,  or  Hasua,  hus'wa,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  and  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Gayah. 
Pop.  6119. 

Hispalis,  the  ancient  name  of  Seville. 

Hispania,  the  Latin  name  of  Spain. 

Hispaniola,  or  San  Domingo.    See  Hatti 

Hispellnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Spello. 

Hispirasis,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ipsera. 

His^sar',  a  mountainous  region  of  Central  Asia,  in 
eluded  in  the  dominions  of  Bokhara. 

Hissar,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  country,  on  au 
affluent  of  the  Oxus,  130  miles  N.E.  of  Balkh. 

His^sar',  or  Hissar',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Hi» 
sar,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  14,133. 


±11 « 


1410 


HOB 


Hissar,  a  division  of  British  India,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  Punjab,  comprising  the  districts  of  Hissar,  Sirsa  (or 
Bhattiana),  and  Rohtuk.     Area,  8472  square  miles.     Pop. 
1,232,435.     Hissar  District  has  an  area  of  3540  square 
miles.    It  is  at  present  largely  a  wild,  ill-cultivated  country. 
Oapital,  Hissar.     Pop.  484,681. 
Hissar,  a  river  of  Asia,    See  Kafernihad. 
Hissar,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Hisar. 
Histria,  Austria.    See  Istria. 

Hit,  hit  (ano.  I»  or  jEiop'olia),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, vilayet  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates,  140  miles  N.W. 
of  Hillah.  Lat.  33°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  42°  40'  E.  It  consists  of 
about  1500  houses,  enclosed  by  a  high  mud  wall  with  semi- 
circular towers.  A  graceful  minaret  and  some  handsome 
tombs  are  its  only  structures  worthy  of  notice.  The  inhab- 
itants are  employed  in  preparing  wool,  boat-building,  lime- 
burning,  manufacturing  salt,  and  exporting  bitumen  and 
naphtha  from  the  famous  pits  here,  which  were  abundantly 
productive  in  the  earliest  ages  of  antiquity. 

Hitch'cock,  a  county  in  the  S. W.  part  of  Nebraska, 
bordering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie. 
Capital,  Culbertson.     Pop.  in  1880,  1012,-  in  1890,  5799. 

Hitchcock's,  a  station  in  Southington  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  N.  of  New  Haven. 

Hitchcock's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <k  Chicago  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Salem.     Here  is  a  church. 

Hitch'in,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14i  miles  N.W.  of 
Hertford,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  beautifully  situated, 
and  has  a  richly-ornamented  church  containing  numerous 
monuments  and  a  fine  altar-piece  by  Rubens,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  girls'  school,  a  workhouse,  an  infirmary,  town  hall, 
gas-works,  and  an  extensive  meal-  and  malt-trade.     P.  7630. 

Hites,  hits,  a  post-hamlet  in  East  Deer  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  plate-glass  factory,  and  a  coal-mine. 

Kite's  Cove,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Mari- 
posa CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  South  Eork  of  Merced  River,  55  miles 
N.£.  of  Merced.  It  has  a  gold-mine  and  a  stamp-mill. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Hitesville,  hits'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Coles  oo.,  111.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Ashmore.     It  has  a  church. 

Hitesville,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ky. 

Hit'son's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Palo  Pinto  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River,  23  miles  W.  of  Weatherford.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hitt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Memphis.     It  has  a  church. 

Hitteren,  hit't^r-^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  40  miles  W. 
of  Trondhjem,  in  the  Atlantic.  Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  30 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  10  miles.     Pop.  526. 

Hitteroe,  hit't^r-S^^h,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, nearly  opposite  Mandal. 

Hittle,  hit't'l,  a  township  of  Tazewell  oo.,  111.  Pop. 
840.     It  contains  Armington. 

Hittorf,  hit'toRf,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1804. 

Hitu,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Itu. 

Hivaoa,  e-vi-o'i,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  the 
largest  of  the  S.W.  group  of  the  Marquesas.  Lat.  of  the 
N.  point,  9°  34'  S.;  Ion.  139°  4'  W.  It  is  22  miles  long; 
greatest  breadth,  about  10  miles. 

Hiwas'see,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  418. 

Hiwassee  College,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  E.  of  Sweetwater  Station,  and  48  miles  S.W.  of 
K^xville.     Here  is  the  Hiwassee  College,  founded  in  1849. 

Hiwassee  River,  Georgia.    See  Hiawassek  River. 

Hixar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Hijar. 

Hix'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Appomattox  Court- House.     It  has  a  church. 

Hix'on,  a  township  of  Clark  oo..  Wis.     Pop.  328. 

mx'ton,  a  post-village  in  Hixton  township,  Jackson 
00.,  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Trempealeau  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Merrillan,  and  56 
miles  N.E.  of  Winona,  Minn.  It  has  a  flouring-miU.  The 
township  contains  Sechlersville,  and  a  pop.  of  1268. 

Hizen,  a  province  of  Japan.     See  Fizen. 

Hjarn^e,  or  Hiarnde,  hyaR'no^^h,  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, oflF  the  E.  coast  of  Jutland,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  the 
town  of  Horsen.     Pop.  120. 

Hjelmar,Hielmar,  hySl'maR,  or  Jelmar,  y^l'maR, 
ft  lake  of  Sweden,  bordering  on  the  Isens  of  Orebro,  Nyk6- 
ping,  and  Westmannland.   Length,  about  40  miles ;  breadth, 


15  miles.  It  receives  the  Svart  at  its  W.  extremity,  and 
discharges  itself  by  the  Thorshalla  into  Lake  Mselsir. 

Hjoring,  or  Hioring,  he-o'ring  or  hyo'ring,  a  town 
of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  29  miles  N.  of  Aalborg.     P.  1272. 

Hjortde,  hyoR'to^^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  6.  of 
the  island  of  Funen. 

H'Lassa,  the  capital  city  of  Thibet.    See  Lassa. 

HIiboka,  h'lee-bo'k&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowlna, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Czernowitz.     Pop.  3072. 

HIinsko,  h'lin'sko,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15  milea  S.  of 
Chrudim,  on  the  Chrudimka.     Pop.  3141. 

Hlubzien,  a  town  of  Silesia.     See  LeobschUtz. 

Hluk,  h'look,  a  town  of  Moravia,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Hradisoh. 
Pop.  2100.     Wine  is  made  here. 

Hoagland,  h5g'land,  a  post- village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
in  Madison  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Fort 
Wayne  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Hoag'lin,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  622. 

Hoag's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y^ 
in  Nassau  township,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hoai-Ho,  bo-r-ho',  a  river  of  China,  traverses  Lake 
Hong-Tse,  and  joins  the  Hoang-Ho  after  an  E.  course  of 
400  miles. 

Hoai-Khing,  bo-r-King',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Ho-Nan.     Lat.  35°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  E. 

Hoang-Choo,  or  Hoang-Tchou,  ho-&ng'-choo',  a 
city  of  China,  in  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  33  miles 
E.  of  Han-Yang.     Two  towns  of  Corea  have  this  name. 

Hoang-Ho  (ho-&ng^-hO',  pronounoed  almost  wh&ng^- 
ho')  (t.e.,  the  "Yellow  River,  so  named  from  the  color 
which  the  yellow  clay  along  it<  banks  gives  to  its  waters), 
one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  appears 
to  rise  in  the  Koko-Nor  territory,  in  Thibet,  near  lat.  34° 
N.  and  Ion.  98°  E.,  flows  northeastward  into  Mongolia  to 
about  lat.  41°  N.,  Ion.  108°  E.,  re-enters  China  proper,  and, 
after  abrupt  bends  southward  and  eastward,  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  afler  a  total  coorae  estimated  at  2700  miles. 
Chief  affluents,  the  Hoai-Ho  and  Hoei-Ho.  On  its  banks 
are  many  cities  of  first  and  second  rank,  the  principal  being 
Lan-Choo  and  Kai-Fong,  respectively  the  capitals  of  the 
provinces  of  Kan-Soo  and  Ho-Nan.  Previous  to  1853  it 
entered  the  Yellow  Sea  by  a  mouth  some  hundreds  of  miles 
S.  of  its  present  one.  This  stream  is  so  turbulent  and  im- 
petuous that  it  is  scarcely  adapted  to  Chinese  navigation, 
and  its  frequent  overflow  is  the  cause  of  much  destruction. 

Hoang-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Hono-Kiano. 

Hoang-Yan,  ho-&ng'-y&n',  or  Hwang- Yu^en',  a 
town  of  China,  province  of  Che-Eiang,  about  90  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Ning-Po.     Pop.  about  120,000. 

Hoas'ic,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Morrisburg.     Pop.  100. 

Ho'back's  River,  Wyoming,  rises  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Snake  River  near  lat.  43°  20'  N.  It  is  said  to 
bring  in  a  large  volume  of  water. 

Ho'bart,  a  post-village  of  Lake  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Hobart 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks,  sash,  and  blinds.  Pop.  in  1880, 
600;  in  1890,  1010;  of  the  township,  2197. 

Hobart,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clam  Lake  township,  Wex- 
ford CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  6.  of  Cadillac.  It  ha^  a  saw-mill  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Hobart,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stam- 
ford township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Stamford  Station,  and  about  54  miles  W.S.W,  of 
Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements 
and  butter-firkins.     Pop.  in  1890,  561. 

Hobart  (ho'bart)  Town  (often  pronounoed  hfib'^r- 
t9n),  a  city  of  Tasmania,  capital  of  the  colony,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  river  Derwent,  near  the  S.E.  coast,  12  miles 
from  the  sea,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Mount  Wellington,  which  is 
4166  feet  in  height.  It  has  wide  and  regular  streets,  and 
is  lighted  with  gas.  The  public  buildings  are  of  a  light 
freestone  quarried  near  the  town.  Among  them  are  the 
government  house,  town  hall  and  public  library,  hospital, 
jail,  theatre,  several  banks,  and  some  fine  churches.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  A  railway  133 
miles  long  connects  it  with  Launceston.  The  river,  a  deep 
estuary,  affords  ample  and  excellent  harbor  accommodation. 
Leading  articles  of  manufacture  are  beer,  flour,  soap,  jam, 
woollen  goods,  hats,  barrels,  &c.  Tin  ore  is  here  smelted, 
and  tanners'  bark  ground  for  export.     Pop.  (1891)  24,905. 


HOB 


1411 


HOD 


IlobaV)  a  town  of  Formosa.    See  Tamsui. 

Hobbie,  hob'be,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  oc,  Pa.,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Wilkeabarre,     It  has  2  churches. 

Hobbieville,  hob'be-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  church. 
Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  here. 

Hobbs,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lafay- 
ette, Muncie  <fc  Bloomington  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Tipton. 

Hob'bysville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Ho^bo'ken,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2800. 

Hobo'keii)  a  post- village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
from  Gay's  Landing.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Hoboken,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  naval  stores,  &c. 

Hoboken,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

Hoboken,  ho-bo'k^n,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Hud- 
son CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  oppo- 
site New  York  City,  and  immediately  above  Jersey  City. 
It  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad 
and  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.  It 
contains  14  churches  (1  Baptist,  2  Catholic,  1  Dutch  Re- 
formed, 3  Episcopal,  2  German,  3  Methodist,  2  Presbyte- 
rian), several  academies,  6  public  schools,  and  the  Stevens 
Institute  of  Technology,  which  has  extensive  iijiparatus  for 
teaching  the  natural  sciences  and  their  application  to  the 
industrial  arts.  One  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Hoboken  has  also  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  a  hospital,  several  foundries  and  machine- 
chops,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  lead-pencils.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  coal,  being  one  of  the  principal  depots 
from  which  New  York  and  its  shipping  are  supplied.  Six 
lines  of  European  steamships  start  from  this  port.  The 
principal  industries  of  this  place  are  connected  with  these 
steamships  and  the  coal-docks.  Several  lines  of  horse-cars 
connect  Hoboken  with  Jersey  City  and  other  towns.  Pop. 
in  1870,  20,297;  in  1880,  30,999;  in  1890,  43,648. 

Hoboken^  a  village  in  O'Hara  township,  Alleghany 
00.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  and  1 
mile  from  Houston  Post-Office.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
county  workhouse. 

Hobroe,  ho'bro^^h,  almost  ho'brtiV§h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  at  the  head  of  the  Mariager-Fiord,  8  miles 
W.  of  Mariager.     Pop.  2081. 

Mochelaga,  h5k-d.-li'g4,  a  county  of  Quebec,  forming 
the  east  part  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  comprises  an  area 
of  76  square  miles.     Capital,  Longue  Pointe.     Pop.  26,640. 

Mocnelagay  a  post- village  in  the  above  county,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Montreal  City  Passenger  Railway  and  of 
the  Northern  Colonization  Railway.  It  contains  a  convent, 
a  cotton-factory,  gas-works,  a  military  prison,  and  some  fine 
residences.     Pop.  1061. 

Hochelbe,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Hohenelbe. 

Hochenau,  a  market-town  of  Austria.     See  Hohenau. 

Hochfelden,  hoK'fSl-d§n  (Fr.  pron.  hish'f4rd5N»').  » 
town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stras- 
burg.     Pop.  2469. 

Hochheim^  ho'hime  or  hoK'hime,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau,  near  the  Main,  on  the  Taunus  Rail- 
way, 7  miles  S.E.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop.  2502.  It  gives  name 
to  a  well-known  class  of  wines. 

Hochheim,  hSk'hime,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co., 
Tex.,  15  miles  N.  of  Cuero.     It  has  a  church. 

Hochkirch,  h5K'klRK\  a  village  of  Saxony,  7  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  608. 

Hochreutsch,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Rentsch. 

Hoch-Sentis,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.  See  Sentis. 

Hochspeyer,  or  Hochspeier,  hoK'spr^r,  a  village 
of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  6J  miles  E.  of  Kaiserslautern.  P.  1716. 

Uochst,  hoKst,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on 
the  Main,  and  on  a  railway,  6  miles  W.  of  Frankfort.  It 
has  manufactures  of  furniture  and  tobacco.     Pop.  4055. 

Hochst)  a  market-town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starken- 
burg.     Pop.  1841. 

Hochstadt,  hoK'stitt,  or  Wisowka,  ♦e-sov'ki,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1604. 

Hochstadt)  hoK'stitt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  and  on  the  Nuremberg  <fc 
Neumarkt  Railway,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Augsburg.     P.  2304. 

Hochstadt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bamberg,  on  the  Aisch.     Pop.  1868. 

Hochstetten,  or  Gross  Hochstettiu,  groce  hoK'- 
BtStH§n,  a  parish  and  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Bern. 


Hoch-Wesely,  hoK-M'z§h-le,  or  Wesely,  a  town 

of  Bohemia,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  1.335. 

Hock^anum'y  a  small  river  of  Connecticut,  rises  in 
Tolland  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut 
River  2  or  3  miles  below  Hartford. 

Hockanum,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  near 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hartford. 

Hockanum,  a  hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hadley  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  near  Mount 
Holyoke.     A  ferry  connects  it  with  Northampton. 

Hockenheim,  hok'§n-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  4176. 

Hock'ers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  20  miles 
from  Pine  Bluff. 

Hockes'sin,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Wilmington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Wilmington.  It  has  quarries  of  limestone  and  kaolin, 
brick -yards,  and  lime-kilns. 

Hock'ing,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  408  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hock- 
ing River,  and  also  drained  by  Rush,  Salt,  and  Queer  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests, and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in 
this  county,  which  has  also  beds  of  limestone.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley  &  Toledo  Railroad 
(branches  of  which  meet  at  the  capital)  and  the  Hocking 
Canal.  Capital  Logan.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,925;  in  1880, 
21,126;  in  1890,  22,658. 

Hocking,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2005. 
exclusive  of  the  city  of  Lancaster. 

Hocking  Junction,  in  Franklin  eo.,  0.,  is  the  cross- 
ing of  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Columbus  <fc  Hock- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Hock'ingport,  a  post- village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hocking  River,  14  miles 
below  Parkersburg,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Pomeroy. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  600. 

Hocking  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Fairfield  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Hocking  and  Athens  cos.,  and  en- 
ters the  Ohio  River  about  14  miles  below  Parkersburg, 
W.  Va.  It  is  nearly  125  miles  long.  The  chief  towns  on 
its  banks  are  Lancaster,  Logan,  and  Athens.  It  traverses 
the  Ohio  coal-field. 

Hock'Iey,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  on  the 
Staked  Plain.     Area,  940  square  miles. 

Hockley,  a  post- village  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Houston.     It  has  a  church. 

Hodchod'kee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Stewart 
CO.,  and  flows  into  Patawla  Creek  in  Randolph  co. 

Hoddesdon,  hpdz'dpn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Herts,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Hertford.     Pop.  2090. 

Hodeida,  ho-di'd4  or  ho-di'da,  written  also  Ho- 
dida,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  Red 
Sea,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mocha.  Its  bazaars  are  supplied 
with  Indian  silks,  cloths,  and  grains,  besides  the  produce 
of  Arabia. 

Hoden,  ho-d5n',  or  Wadan,  wi-d3,n',  a  town  and  oasis 
of  Africa,  near  lat.  19°  30'  N.,  Ion.  13°  30'  W. 

Hodgdon,  h6j'd9n,  a  post- village  of  Aroostook  co.. 
Me.,  in  Hodgdon  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  989. 

Hodgdon's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath. 

Hodgeman,  hdj'man,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part 
of  Kansas,  is  drained  by  the  Pawnee  Fork,  an  affluent  of 
the  Arkansas  River.  Area,  864  square  miles.  Capital, 
Jetmore.     Pop.  in  1880,  1704;  in  1890,  2395. 

Hodgensville,  hdj'^nz-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
La  Rue  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Elizabethtown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery, 
4c.     Pop.  in  1890,  542. 

Hodges,  hoj'^z,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Abbeville  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hodge's,  a  station  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Knoxville. 

Hodge's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Maynard. 

Hodge's  Park,  a  post-village  of  Alexaader  co..  III., 
on  the  Cairo  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Hodic,  or  Hoedic,  an  island  of  France.     See  HsDia 

Hodida,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia.     See  Hodeida 


HOL 


1414 


HOL 


Hold'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  III.,  in  Old 
Town  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
Bloomington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hold'erbaum,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  12  miles 
by  a  branch  railroad  N.  of  Bedford. 

Hold'erness,  a  level  and  fertile  district  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  Bast  Riding,  consisting  of  the  tongue  of  land 
between  the  North  Sea  and  the  estuary  of  the  Humber. 
Area,  168,399  acres.     Pop.  25,579. 

Hold'erness,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
is  on  the  W.  side  of  Squam  Lake.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pemigewasset  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Plymouth.     Pop.  793. 

Hold'ing,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  433. 

Hold'ing's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Sauk  River.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Holdrege,  hol'dr^j,  a  city,  capital  of  Phelps  co.,  Neb., 
65  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  7  churches,  4 
banks,  4  newspaper  oflBces,  a  foundry.  See.     Pop.  2601. 

Holeilsdorf,  Austria.     See  Obkr-Hollabeunn. 

Hole  in  the  Wall,  a  light-house  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Abaco  Island,  one  of  the  Little  Bahamas.  It  stands  one- 
third  of  a  mile  N.  of  the  passage  called  the  Hole  in  the 
Wall,  and  shows  a  revolving  light,  160  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  in  lat.  25°  61'  30"  N.,  Ion.  77°  10'  45"  W. 

Holeschowitz,  or  Hollesowice,  hftlM^h-sho'^its, 
a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Maldau,  2  miles  from  Prague. 

Hol'gate,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  13  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Defiance.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  lumber-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1134. 

Holguin,  hol-gheen'  or  ol-gheen',  a  town  of  Oaba,  63 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.     Pop.  6600. 

Holies,  or  Holitsch,  ho'litch\  a  town  of  Hungary,  46 
miles  N.  of  Presburg,  near  the  March.  Pop.  4939.  It  ha« 
an  imperial  castle  and  stud,  a  synagogue,  a  Capuchin  con- 
vent, and  manufactures  of  pottery,  Ac. 

Hol'iday's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Steubenville. 

Holin,  a  city  of  Mongolia.     See  Kakakorum. 

Holitz,  ho'lits,  or  Nen  Holitz,  noi  ho'lits,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Chrudim.  A  battle  was  fought 
here  in  1768  between  the  Prussians  and  the  Imperialists. 
Pop.  4220. 

Holkar's  Dominions,  India.    See  Indore. 

Hoi 'land  (Dutch  pron.  hol'Iint;  originally  Ollant,i.e., 
"muddy"  or  "  marshy  land ;"  Vr.  IIollande,)xo\'\b^^' ;  L. 
Bata'via  and  Hollan' dia) ,  the  name  sometimes  given  to 
the  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  though,  strictly  speaking, 
it  should  be  applied  only  to  the  provinces  of  North  and 
South  Holland.  This  name  was  associated  with  that  king- 
dom for  four  years  (1806-1810),  under  the  rule  of  Louis 
Bonaparte,  and  during  that  time  the  kingdom  of  Holland 
included  nearly  all  of  the  present  kingdom  of  the  Nether- 
lands, together  with  part  of  Hanover  and  Oldenburg.  See 
Netherlands,  also  North  Holland  and  South  Holland. 

Holland,  or  Preussisch  Holland,  prois'sish  hol'- 
Iint, a  town  of  East  Prussia,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Eonigsberg. 
Pop.  4718. 

Hol'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Faulkner  oo..  Ark.,  14  miles 
from  Conway.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  111.     Pop.  1362. 

Holland,  a  post-village_of  Dubois  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Cass 
township,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bvansville.    It  has  3  churches. 

Holland,  a  post-village  in  Colfax  township,  Grundy 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Farmers'  Union  Railroad,  3  miles  from 
Grundy  Centre.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2208. 
It  contains  Orange  City,  the  county  seat. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Dickinson  CO.,  Kansas.    P.  461. 

Holland,  a  post-township  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church.  P.  201. 
Holland,  a  city  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Holland  town- 
ship, on  the  S.  bank  of  Black  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
A  West  Michigan  Railroad,  about  6  miles  from  Lake 
Michigan,  36  miles  S.  of  Muskegon,  23  miles  N.W.  of 
Allegan,  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  with  which 
city  it  is  connected  by  a  branch  railroad.  It  contains  2 
banks,  a  union  school,  Hope  College  (Reformed),  which 
was  organized  in  1863,  and  7  churches.     Six  weekly  news- 

fapers  are  published  here,  4  in  Dutch  and  2  in  English, 
t  has  3  large  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw -mills,  a  foundry, 
a  brewery,  a  large  basket-factory,  3  furniture-factories, 
and  3  planing-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  3945.  Here  is  a  beau- 
tiful lake  6  miles  long. 

Holland,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb. 
Holland,  a  post-office  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
"elvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Phillipsburg. 


Holland,  a  post- village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Holland 
township,  on  Cazenove  Creek,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York 
A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  basket-fao- 
tory,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  682. 

Holland,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Holland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Backs  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
adelphia, Newtown  A  New  York  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.E,  of  Philadelphia. 

Holland,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  co.,  Yt.,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  borders  on  Canada.  It  has  2 
churches  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  881. 

Holland,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  in  Holland 
township,  3  miles  from  Holland  Station  (which  see),  and 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1489. 

Holland,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  oo..  Wis.,  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  Black  River.     Pop.  863. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  oo.,  Wis.    P.  2937. 

Holland  Island,  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  is  an  island  in 
Chesapeake  Baj',  W.  of  Tangier  Sound. 

Holland  Land'ing,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  Onta- 
rio, on  the  Holland  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway, 
38  miles  N.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen- 
mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  brewery.     Pop.  700. 

Holland,  New,  the  former  name  of  Australia. 

Holland,  Parts  of,  a  district  of  England,  forming  • 
division  of  the  county  of  Lincoln  on  the  S.E.,  and  having 
E.  the  North  Sea.  Area,  317,486  acres.  Pop.  80,861.  Hol- 
land Fen,  in  this  district,  is  a  tract  now  enclosed  and  drained, 
comprising  8836  acres. 

Holland  Pat'ent,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Utioa, 
and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Trenton  Falls.  It  contains  several 
churches  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  406. 

Hol'lands,  a  post-office  of  Issaquena  oo.,  Miss. 

HolMaudsburg,a  hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  9  miles  E.  of  Rockville.     It  has  a  church. 

Hollands-Diep,bol'l&nts-deep^(Fr.  Z>te;>pe,de-ipp'), 
the  principal  arm  of  the  Waal,  between  South  Holland  and 
North  Brabant,  Netherlands,  divides,  after  a  course  of  14 
miles,  into  the  Haringvliet  and  Volkerak,  the  two  largest 
mouths  of  the  Rhine,  encircling  the  island  of  Overflakkee. 

Holland's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C, 
13i  miles  S.W.  of  Anderson  Conrt-House.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Holland  Station,  formerly  Askeaton,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
about  17  miles  S.  of  Green  Bay. 

Hol'laudville,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 

Hol'lansburg,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  Har- 
rison township,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton,  It  has 
2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  239. 

Hol'lenback,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     P.  1303. 

Hol'lenberg,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver 
City  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  MaysviUe.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hol'lengsworth,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  695. 

Holleschau,  or  Holleschow,  hol'l^h-shdw^  a  town 
of  Moravia,  18  miles  N.  of  Hradisch,  on  the  Russawa.  It 
has  a  church,  a  fine  castle,  a  town  house,  3  chapels,  and  a 
synagogue.     Pop. 3839. 

HoUesowice,  Bohemia.    See  Holkschowitz. 

Hoi 'ley,  a  post- village  in  Murray  township,  Orlean* 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 22i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester,  and  8  miles  E.  of 
Albion.  It  has  6  churches,  a  union  school  and  academy,  a 
bank,  a  cider-  and  vinegar-works,  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind- 
factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1381. 

Holley's,  a  station  in  Bent  co..  Col.,  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Granada. 

Hollfeld,  hoU'fdlt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
conia,  13  miles  W.  of  Baireuth,     Pop.  1041. 

Hol'liday,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  on  or  near 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  63  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Holliday,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri.  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Hannibal.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Holliday,  a  station  in  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Corning, 
Cowanesque  A  Antrim  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Wells- 
borough. 


HOL 


1415 


HOL 


Hol'lidaysburg;  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Blair  cc, 
Pa.,  is  on  a  branch  of  tne  Juniata  River,  8  miles  S.  of 
Altoona,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  branch 
railroads  to  Newry,  Henrietta,  Ac.  It  contains  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  female  seminary,  a  town 
hall,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  machine-shops,  several  blast- 
furnaces, a  nail-factory,  rolling-mills,  foundries,  <fcc.  It 
has  an  extensive  trade  in  iron  and  grain.     P.  (1890)  2975. 

HoI'lin,  a  post- village  in  Wellington  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Conestogo  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Drayton.  It  con- 
tains carding-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills,  shingle-  and  cheese- 
factories,  a  tannery,  a  brick-field,  several  stores,  and  hotels. 
Pop.  400. 

Hol'Iing,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas. 

Hol'lingsworth,  a  post-office  of  Banks  oo.,  Ga.,  38 
miles  N.  of  Athens. 

HoI'lingwood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oldham.     Pop.  5004. 

Hollins,  Maryland.     See  Lake  Roland. 

HoI'lis,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hollis  township,  Peoria  co., 
111.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  1 
mile  W.  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  2^  miles  W.  of  Pekin. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

Hollis,  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  Me.,  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Saco  River.  It  contains  2  post-hamlets, 
named  Hollis  and  Hollis  Centre.  The  township  has  5 
churches,  several  lumber-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1541. 

MoUiS;  a  post-village  in  Hollis  township,  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  3  miles 
from  Hollis  Station  of  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  several 
saw-mills,  a  cooperage,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Hollis  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hollis  township,  York 
00.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  several  saw  mills. 

Hollis  Junction,  Illinois.     See  Hollis. 

Hol'lister,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Benito  co., 
Cal.,  in  the  beautiful  and  fertile  San  Benito  Valley,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  94  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  5  churches,  graded  schools,  2  banks,  2  public  halls, 
3  hotels,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.  Three  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1234. 

Hollister,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  30  miles  from  Fredericksburg. 

Hol'listerville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Salem  township,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a 
foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general  stores. 

Hol'liston,  a  post-village  in  HoUiston  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  (Mil- 
ford  Branch),  26  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  free  public  library.  The  township 
has  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  and  straw  goods.  Gneiss 
and  syenite  occur  here.     Pop.  of  township  (1890)  2619. 

Hol'lofields,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Hol'loman,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.   P.  1590. 

Hol'lonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Griffin.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Hol'lOAV,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1243. 

Hol'loway's,  a  post-township  of  Person  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1279.     It  contains  Bethel  Hill. 

Hol'loway's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Hol'lowayville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Princeton,  and  3  miles  from  De  Pue  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hollow  Creek,  a  township  of  Lexington  oo.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1315. 

Hol'lowell  Grant,  a  village  in  Antigonish  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  10  miles  from  Antigonish. 
Pop.  150. 

Hollow  Poplar,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

HolloAV  Poplar,  a  township  ofYancey  CO.,  N.C.  P.  382. 

Hollow  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  707. 

Hollow  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Wartrace.     It  has  a  church. 

Hol'lowtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in 
Clay  township,  40  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hol'lowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
about  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hudson. 

Hollnm,  hol'Ium,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Priesland,  on  the  S.W.  end  of  the  island  of  Ameland. 

Hol'ly,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Holly 


township,  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  47  milea 
N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Flint.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  vinegar,  patent  rein- 
holders,  and  lumber.     Pop.  1266  ;  of  the  township,  1962. 

Holly,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  154. 

Holly,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1016. 

Holly  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Holly  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Bland  co.,Va.,22  miles  W. 
of  Dublin  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Holly  Bash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  flour-mill,  and 
an  oil-mill. 

Holly  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Qa.,  6  miles  8. 
of  Spring  Place. 

Holly  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Va. 

Hol'lydale,  apost-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about 
80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Hol'ly  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Holly  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Clarendon. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Holly  Grove,  a  township  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1213. 

Holly  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Holly  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  Hal- 
ifax River,  1  mile  from  the  ocean,  and  about  60  miles  S.  of 
St.  Augustine.     It  has  a  church. 

Holly  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Holly  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C. 

Holly  Meadows,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hol'lymoant,  a  petty  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ballinrobe.     Pop.  278. 

Holly  River,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hol'lyrood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Wilson  township,  12  miles  S.  of  Wilson  (Bosland  Station), 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  and 
limestone  are  found  here. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co..  Ark.,  20 
miles  from  Arkadelphia,  and  about  75  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Ga. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish, 
La.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Homer. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marshall  oo., 
Miss.,  75  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Grenada,  and  about  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  is  noted  for  its  educational  institutions.  It  contains 
the  Mississippi  State  Normal  School,  founded  in  1870,  the 
Shaw  University,  the  Franklin  Female  College,  the  Beth- 
lehem Academy  (Catholic),  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  stoneware, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2246. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex. 

Holly's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Chowan  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Chowan  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Hol'lyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  3  miles 
from  Harbeson  Station. 

Hol'lyAVOod,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
Belfast  Lough,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Belfast.  In  Its 
vicinity,  which  is  very  beautiful,  are  many  handsome  man- 
sions and  villas,  the  residences  of  Belfast  merchants,  whose 
families  also  resort  here  for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  3673. 

Hol'lyvvood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  oo..  Ark.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Arkadelphia,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill, 

Hollywood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Richmond  oo,, 
Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Augusta. 

Hollywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md., 
about  48  miles  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Hollywood,  a  township  of  Carver  co.,  Minn,     P.  809. 

Hollyw^ood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C,  on 
Bogue  Sound,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road, about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newbern,  and  5  miles  from 
the  ocean.     It  has  a  church  and  a  warehouse. 

Hoi  man,  hol'man,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind. 

Holman,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  33S 
It  contains  Sibley,  the  county  seat. 

Holman,  Wisconsin.    See  Holmen. 

Holman  City,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Paris 
township.     Pop.  75. 

Holman's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  oo,,  N.C,  4^  miles 
N.  of  Mocksville. 

Holman's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  oo,,  N,C. 

Holman's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Warren  oo,.  Mo. 


HOL 


1416 


HOL 


Hoi  man  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Soott  co.,  Ind.,  on 
A  branch  of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Jeffereonville.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2 
or  3  stores.     Pop.  125. 

Holmanville,  hol'man-vll,  or  Holmansvillc,  hol'- 
manz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Adams  Station. 

Holmdel,  h5m-del',  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  in  Holmdel  township,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Red  Bank, 
and  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Holmdel  Station.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1415. 
Holmdel  Station  on  the  New  York  &  Long  Branch  Rail- 
road is  at  Bethany,  a  hamlet  31  miles  S.  of  New  York. 

Holme,  home,  a  parish  of  Orkney,  in  Pomona,  on  Holme 
Sound,  a  beautiful  firth  on  the  S.  coast  of  Pomona.  Several 
small  islets  of  the  Orkneys  bear  this  prefix. 

Holmen,  or  Holmau,  hol'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
Crosse  co.,  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Midway.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Holmes,  homz,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  about  635  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Choctawhatchee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level; 
the  soil  produces  rice,  sugar-cane,  and  maize.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Cerro 
Gordo.     Pop.  in  1870,  1572 ;  in  1880,  2170;  in  1890,  4.'?36. 

Holmes,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
Aas  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Yazoo 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
«red  with  forests  and  cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  Yazoo  Branch  (Louisiana  Division)  of  which  passes 
through  Lexington,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870, 19,370;  in  1880,  27,164;  in  1890,  30,970. 

Holmes,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  from  N. 
to  S.  into  two  almost  equal  portions  by  Killbuck  Creek,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  the  Walhonding  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  hills  about  500  feet  high,  separated  by  deep 
ravines  and  narrow  valleys,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  and  abundance  of  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Akron  &  Columbus  Rail- 
road and  by  the  Cleveland  &  Canton  Railroad,  the  former 
communicating  with  Millersburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,177;  in  1880,  20,776;  in  1890,  21,139. 

Holmes,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Holmes,  a  township  of  Mackinac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Huron.     Pop.  798. 

Holmes,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  1572. 

Holmesbnrg,  hSmz'burg,  a  former  village  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall,  and  1  mile 
from  the  Delaware  River.  It  is  now  in  the  23d  ward  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  5  churches,  print-works,  and  a  shovel- 
factory.  The  Holmesburg  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia post-office.  Here  are  Holmesburg  Junction,  where 
the  railroad  to  Bustleton  joins  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Trenton 
Railroad,  and  Holmesburg  Station,  which  is  on  the  branch 
road  to  Bustleton,  1  mile  from  the  junction. 

Holmes  (homz)  City,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  oo., 
Minn.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Morris,  and  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
ilrant's  Lake.  The  township  of  Holmes  City  contains  also 
Blackwell's,  Rachel,  Oscar,  Freeborn,  Van  Loon,  and  other 
lakes.     Pop.  750. 

Holmes  Creek,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 

Holmes  Gap,  a  station  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Decatur, 

Holmes'  (homz'^s)  Hole,  Mass.  See  Vinkyabd 
Havkn. 

Holmes'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  0. 

Holmestrand,  hol'mSh-strind^,  a  seaport  town  of 
Norway,  on  the  Drammen-Fiord,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chris- 
'.iania.     Pop.  2084. 

Holmesville,  homz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Appling  co.,  Ga., 
about  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Baxley.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  50  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La., 
«n  Bayou  Boeuf,  30  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Bogue  Chitto,  10  miles  E.  of  Magnolia.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 


New  Berlin  township,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Holmesville,  a  village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It 
contains  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Here  is  South  Richland 
Post-Office. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Millersburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  broom-factory.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Holmforth,  hom'f^rth,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 
6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop.  5613. 

Holmia,  the  Latin  name  of  Stockholm. 

Holmlie,  hdlm'lee,  a  post-office  of  Big  Stone  oo.,  Minn. 

Holmon,  hol'mon,  or  Golma,  gol'mi,  an  island  of 
Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  20  miles  E.  of  Ume&.  Lat. 
63°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  E. 

Holms,  boms,  two  islets  of  England  and  Wales,  in  the 
estuary  of  the  river  Severn. 

Holmsland,  holms'l&nd,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in 
Jutland,  in  the  Ringkiobing-Fiord,  about  1  mile  N.N.W.  of 
the  town  of  Ringkidbing. 

Holmwood,  hdlm'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co., 
Kansas,  in  Holmwood  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Edgar,  Neb. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  Baptist  theological  school. 

Holomauc,  the  Moravian  name  of  Olmutz. 

Holonan,  Persia.    See  Holwan. 

Holstebroe,  hol'st^h-bro'^h,  or  HolstebrO,  hol'- 
stfb-bro\  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  24  miles  N.E. 
of  Ringkiobing,  on  the  Stor.     Pop.  2047. 

Holstein,  hol'stine  (L.  HoUa'tia),  formerly  a  duchy 
of  Denmark  and  a  state  of  the  Germanic  Confederation, 
now  part  of  Sleswick-Holstein,  a  province  of  Prussia.  See 
Sleswick-Holstein. 

Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post-offioe  of  Kane  oo..  III. 

Holstein,  a  post-village  of  W&rren  co..  Mo.,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  St.  Loais. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post- village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.  of  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  100. 

Holsteinthor,  hol'stine-tSR',  a  village  of  Germany, 
forming  a  suburb  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  1400. 

Holston,  bdl'stpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Va.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  a  church,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  saw-mill. 

Holston  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  V'a.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Holston,  22  miles  W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Holston  Fnr'nace,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co., 
Tenn.,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Bristol.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Holston  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Holston  River,  3  miles  from  Union  Depot. 

Holston  River,  a  branch  of  the  Tennessee  River,  it 
formed  by  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Vir- 
ginia and  unite  in  Sullivan  co..  East  Tennessee.  It  runs 
southwestward  through  Hawkins  and  Knox  cos.,  irrigates 
a  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  which  extends  along  the  S.E. 
base  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  and  unites  with  the 
Clinch  River  at  Kingston,  Roane  co.  It  is  about  200  miles 
long,  or,  if  we  include  its  North  Fork,  iibout  350  miles. 
Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Knoxvillo  in  all  stages 
of  water.  The  North  and  South  Forks  run  in  a  W.S.W. 
direction  through  the  cos.  of  Smyth  and  Washington  of 
Virginia,  and  are  nearly  equal  in  length. 

Holston  Yalley,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  E.  of  Bristol. 

Hols'worthy,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Tamar,  7i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stratton.  P.  1645. 

Holt,  holt,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  on  the 
Dee,  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  ten  arches,  5^  miles  N.E. 
of  Wrexham.     Pop.  1066. 

Holt,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  1 7  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Dereham.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  shire  hall,  a 
workhouse,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  1563. 

Holt,  holt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
borders  on  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  Area,  about  462  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nodaway  River,  and 
on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Tarkio  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  along  the  western  border,  N.  to  S.,  and  intersected 
from  N.  to  W.  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad.  Capital,  Oregon.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,652  ; 
in  1880,  15,509 :  in  1890,  15,469. 

Holt,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska,  is  bcMinded 


HOL 


1417 


HOM 


on  the  N.  by  the  Niobrara  River.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Elkhorn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  O'Neill,  Pop.  in  1880, 
3287  ;  in  1890,  13,672. 

Holt)  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Holt  town- 
ship, about  15  miles  N.  of  Bedford,  and  12  miles  S.  of 
Coming.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

Holt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Delhi  township,  Ingham  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and 
a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  150. 

Holt)  a  well-wooded  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  1055.     It  contains  Highland  and  Whalan. 

Holt)  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  in  Kearney  town- 
ship, 32  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  259. 

Holt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in  Raccoon  town- 
«hip,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Holt)  holt,  or  Yermaloff)  y4r'mi-loff\  an  island  of 
the  Pacific,  in  the  Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  16°  20'  S.;  Ion. 
143"  6'  W. 

Holten,  h&l't§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Over- 
21  miles  S.S.B.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  3014. 

Holteu,  a  village  of  Norway,  25  miles  N.W.  of  TSnsberg. 

HolteU)  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21  miles  N.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1000. 

Holtoii)  hol'tpn,  a  post- village  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  &o. 

Holtoii)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  8 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  banks.  One  semi-weekly 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2727. 

Holtoil)  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hol- 
ton  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
eteam  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  620. 

Holts )  holts,  a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad  of 
Georgia  (Arlington  Extension),  17  miles  E.  of  Arlington. 

Holtsburgjholts'burg,  a  station  in  Davidson  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington. 

Holt's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  oo.,Tenn., 
13  miles  from  Shelbyville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Holt's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

Holt's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  111., 
at  Holt's  Station  on  the  Iron  Mountain,  Chester  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Tamaroa. 

Holt's  Surn'mit,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Jefferson 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Holtsville,  holts'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
at  Waverly  Station  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  50 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Holwan,  Holouan,  or  Holnan,  holV&n',  a  city 
of  antiquity,  the  Calah  of  Asshur  (Gen.  x.  11),  and  the 
Hallah  of  the  Israelitish  captivity,  is  now  represented  by 
the  village  Sar-Puli,  in  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  8 
miles  S.  of  Zohab.  Here  are  some  sculptured  tablets,  an 
excavated  royal  sepulchre,  and  various  ruins  and  mounds. 
Lat.  34°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  15'  B.  It  remained  populous  long 
after  the  Arab  invasion,  but  was  ruined  by  the  Huns  in 
1258.  The  Holwan  River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  rises 
20  miles  E.  of  Zohab,  and,  after  a  tortuous  course,  joins  the 
Ghilan,  an  affluent  of  the  Diala. 

Holwerd,  hol'^SRt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  North  Sea,  opposite  Ameland,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Dokkum.     Pop.  1884. 

Holy-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  3i 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Stourbridge.     See  Waltham-Abbey. 

HoMycross',  a  parish  and  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Tipperary,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Thurles.  Here  is  an  abbey 
founded  in  1182,  one  of  the  finest  ruins  in  Ireland.    P.  1336. 

Holy  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  12  miles  S.  of  Moorhead. 

Holy  Cross,  a  post-hamlet  in  Belgium  township,  Ozau- 
kee CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Fredonia  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Holy  Cross,  Mount.    See  Mount  Holt  Cross. 

Holyhead,  hol'e-h5d  (Welsh,  Gaer-Gybi,  kl'§r-ghib'- 
ee),  a  borough  of  Wales,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  co. 
of  Anglesea,  off  its  W.  side,  and  connected  with  the  isle  of 
Anglesea  by  a  long  causeway.  It  is  23  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Bangor.  The  island  is  mostly  a  barren  rock,  and  ends 
on  the  N.  in  a  huge  headland  hollowed  into  many  caves. 

yo 


The  town  has  many  handsome  houses,  hotels,  assembly- 
rooms,  manufactures  of  ropes,  and  a  good  market-place. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  a  noble  breakwater  over  a  mile 
long,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  harbors  of  refuge  on 
the  British  coast.  Holyhead  owes  its  importance  to  its  being 
the  nearest  British  port  to  Dublin.     Pop.  5916. 

Holy  Island,  formerly  Lin^disfarne',  a  peninsula, 
insulated  at  high  water,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  England,  co. 
of  Northumberland,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed. 
,The  N.  part  of  the  island  consists  of  sand-hills,  forming  a 
large  rabbit-warren;  the  remainder  is  fertile.  It  has  a 
small  harbor  on  the  E.,  defended  by  a  battery,  a  village, 
frequented  for  sea-bathing,  a  fine  ancient  castle,  and  re- 
markable remains  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  founded  in  635  as 
a  bishop's  see,  over  which  St.  Cuthbert  presided.  It  waa 
destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  900,  but  was  afterwards  rebuilt. 

Holy  Island,  in  Africa.    See  Chulitwam. 

Holy  Land,  The,  Asia.    See  Palestink. 

Holyoke,  hol'ySk,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Phillips 
CO.,  Col.,  60  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sterling.  It  has  2 
church  organizations,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  649. 

Holyoke,  a  city  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  It  is  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Holyoke 
Branch  of  the  New  Haven  &,  Northampton  Railroad.  A 
dam  1019  feet  long  has  been  built  across  the  river,  which 
falls  60  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile  and  affords  immense 
water-power.  Holyoke  is  fi  nely  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill, 
and  is  surrounded  by  the  river  on  all  sides  except  the  W. 
It  contains  a  city  hall  or  town  house,  5  national  banks,  3 
savings-banks,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  5  convents,  a  Catholic 
orphanage,  17  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
about  25  paper-mills,  7  cotton-factories,  6  woollen-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  machinery,  files,  screws,  silk  goods, 
sash  and  blinds,  tools,  lumber,  bicycles,  carriages,  bits, 
trolleys,  <kc.  It  is  stated  that  nearly  200  tons  of  paper,  of 
all  grades  and  varieties,  are  produced  here  in  one  day. 
About  2000  operatives  are  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods,  1200  in  that  of  paper,  and  450  in  that  of 
cassimeres,  doeskins,  and  other  woollen  cloths.  Pop.  in 
1 860. 4997 ;  in  1870, 10,733  ;  in  1880, 21,915 ;  in  1890, 35,637. 

Holyoke,  a  hamlet  in  Centre  township,  Butler  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  from  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Ho'lyrood,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  10 
miles  from  St.  Marys.  Here  is  a  fresh-water  lake,  14  miles 
in  length,  abounding  with  trout. 

Holyrood,  a  post-town  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  28  miles  from  St.  John's.  Copper 
ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  405. 

Holyrood  (North  Arm),  a  fishing  hamlet  of  New- 
foundland, 2  miles  from  Holyrood.     Pop.  260. 

Holy  Sea,  in  Asia.    See  Baikal  Lakb. 

Hol'ytown,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  10  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Glasgow,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  2197. 

Holywell,  hol'e-w^l,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chester.  It  lies  in  a  glen  near 
the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  and  has  a  church  partly  ancient,  a 
beautiful  Gothic  chapel,  now  used  as  a  school,  a  court- 
house, remains  of  an  abbey  and  of  a  British  fortification, 
thriving  manufactures    of  cottons,  hardware,  wire,   shot, 

faints,  and  flour,  and  large  smelting-houses  and  foundries, 
n  its  close  vicinity  are  coal-,  lead-,  copper-,  and  zinc-mines. 
Holywell  unites  with  Flint,  Ac,  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Its  ancient  well,  whence  its  name, 
sends  up  21  tons  of  water  every  minute.     Pop.  3540. 

Holzemme,  h6lt's5m^m?h,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
joins  the  Bode  below  Groningen.     Length,  30  miles. 

Holzenoe,  h6lt's§n-6*9h,  an  island  of  Norway,  lat.  60* 
34'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  10'  E.,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bergen.  It  is 
15  miles  in  length. 

Holzgerlingen,  hilts'gh^r-ling^^n,  a  village  of  Wilr- 
temberg,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1718. 

Holzminden,  h6lt8'min-d§u,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  on  the  Weser,  56  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Brunswick.  Pop.  6887.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
churches,  a  synagogue,  a  library,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
and  steel  wares,  hosiery,  files,  pins,  Ac.  It  is  also  an  entrepdt 
for  linen  fabrics. 

Holzthalleben,  hilts'tfl,l-li'b§n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  12  miles  W.  of  Son- 
dershausen.     Pop.  1298. 

Ho'man,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Fulton. 

Homau,  a  station  in  Adams  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chica^oy. 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Quincy. 


HOL 


1416 


HOL 


Hoi  man  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by 
B.  of  Je/TerBonville.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2 
or  3  stores.     Pop.  125. 

Holmanville,  hgi'man-vil,  or  Holmansville,  hol'- 
manz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  oo.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Adams  Station. 

Holmdel,  h5m-del',  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  in  Holmdel  township,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Red  Bank, 
and  3  or  -t  miles  S.  of  Holmdel  Station.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1415. 
Holmdel  Station  on  the  New  York  &  Long  Branch  Rail- 
road is  at  Bethany,  a  hamlet  31  miles  S.  of  New  York. 

Holme,  home,  a  parish  of  Orkney,  in  Pomona,  on  Holme 
Sound,  a  beautiful  firth  on  the  S.  coast  of  Pomona.  Several 
small  islets  of  the  Orkneys  bear  this  prefix. 

Holmen,  or  Holman,  hol'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
Crosse  co..  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Midway.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Holmes,  homz,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  about  535  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Choctawhatchee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level; 
the  soil  produces  rice,  sugar-cane,  and  maize.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Cerro 
Gordo.     Pop.  in  1870,  1572  ;  in  1880,  2170;  in  1890,  4336. 

Holmes,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
Has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Yazoo 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
«red  with  forests  and  cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  Yazoo  Branch  (Louisiana  Division)  of  which  passes 
through  Lexington,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870, 19,370;  in  1880,  27,164;  in  1890,  30,970. 

Holmes,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ohio,  baa 
an  area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  from  N. 
to  S.  into  two  almost  equal  portions  by  Killbuok  Creek,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  the  Walhonding  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  hills  about  500  feet  high,  separated  by  deep 
ravines  and  narrow  valleys,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  and  abundance  of  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Akron  &,  Columbus  Rail- 
road and  by  the  Cleveland  &  Canton  Railroad,  the  former 
communicating  with  Millersburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,177;  in  1880,  20,776;  in  1890,  21,139. 

Holmes,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Holmes,  a  township  of  Mackinac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Huron.     Pop.  798. 

Holmes,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  1572. 

Holmesbnrg,  homz'burg,  a  former  village  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall,  and  1  mile 
from  the  Delaware  River.  It  is  now  in  the  23d  ward  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  5  churches,  print-works,  and  a  shovel- 
factory.  The  Holmesburg  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia post-office.  Here  are  Holmesburg  Junction,  where 
the  railroad  to  Bustleton  joins  the  Philadelphia  &  Trenton 
Railroad,  and  Holmesburg  Station,  which  is  on  the  branch 
road  to  Bustleton,  1  mile  from  the  junction. 

Holmes  (homz)  City,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  oo., 
Minn.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Morris,  and  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
Grant's  Lake.  The  township  of  Holmes  City  contains  also 
Blackwell's,  Rachel,  Oscar,  Freeborn,  Van  Loon,  and  other 
lakes.     Pop.  750. 

Holmes  Creek,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 

Holmes  Gap,  a  station  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Decatur. 

Holmes'  (homz'^s)  Hole,  Mass.  See  Vineyard 
Havkn. 

Holmes'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  0. 

Holmestrand,  hol'mfih-strind^  a  seaport  town  of 
Norway,  on  the  Drammen-Fiord,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chris- 
'.iania.     Pop.  2084. 

Holmesville,  homz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Appling  co.,  Ga., 
about  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Baxley.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  50  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish.  La., 
on  Bayou  Boeuf,  30  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Bogue  Chitto,  10  miles  E.  of  Magnolia.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 


New  Berlin  township,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  New  York  &,  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Holmesville,  a  village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It 
contains  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Here  is  South  Richland 
Post-Office. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  oo.,  0.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Millersburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  broom-factory.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Holmforth,  hom'f^rth,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 
6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop.  5613. 

Holmia,  the  Latin  name  of  STOCKnoLM. 

Holmlie,  hdlm'lee,  a  post-office  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Holmon,  hol'mon,  or  Golma,  gol'ml,  an  isl.tnd  of 
Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  20  miles  E.  of  Ume&.  Lat. 
63°  40'  N.;  Ion.  21°  E. 

Holms,  boms,  two  islets  of  England  and  Wales,  in  the 
estuary  of  the  river  Severn. 

Holmsland,  holms'l&nd,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in 
Jutland,  in  the  Ringkiobing-Fiord,  about  1  mile  N.N.W.  of 
the  town  of  Ringkiobing. 

Holmwood,  hdlm'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  oo., 
Kansas,  in  Holmwood  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Edgar,  Neb. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  Baptist  theological  school. 

Holomanc,  the  Moravian  name  of  Oludtz. 

Holouan,  Persia.     See  Holwan. 

Holstebrbe,  hol'st^h-bro'^h,  or  Holstebrtt,  hoP- 
st9h-bro\  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  24  miles  N.E. 
of  Ringkiobing,  on  the  Stor.     Pop.  2047. 

Holstein,  hol'stine  (L.  HoUa'lia),  formerly  a  duchy 
of  Denmark  and  a  state  of  the  Germanic  Confederation, 
now  part  of  Sleswick-Holstein,  a  province  of  I'russia.  See 
Sleswick-Holsteix. 

Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post-office  of  Kane  oo..  111. 

Holstein,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post- village  in  Grey  oo.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  N.  of  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  100. 

Holsteinthor,  hol'stine-tdR',  a  village  of  Germany, 
forming  a  suburb  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  1400. 

Holston,  hdl'stpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Va.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  a  church,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  saw-mill. 

Holston  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Holston,  22  miles  W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Holston  Fnr'nace,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co., 
Tenn.,  7^  miles  S.E.  of  Bristol.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Holston  mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Holston  River,  3  miles  from  Union  Depot. 

Holston  River,  a  branch  of  the  Tennessee  River,  it 
formed  by  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Vir- 
ginia and  unite  in  Sullivan  co..  East  Tennessee.  It  runs 
south  westward  through  Hawkins  and  Knox  cos.,  irrigates 
a  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  which  extends  along  the  S.E. 
base  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  and  unites  with  the 
Clinch  River  at  Kingston,  Roane  co.  It  is  about  200  miles 
long,  or,  if  we  include  its  North  Fork,  about  350  miles. 
Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Knoxville  in  all  stages 
of  water.  The  North  and  South  Forks  run  in  a  W.S.W. 
direction  through  the  cos.  of  Smyth  and  Washington  of 
Virginia,  and  are  nearly  equal  in  length. 

Holston  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  E.  of  Bristol. 

Hols'worthy,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Tamar,  7i  miles  W.S.W,  of  Stratton.  P.  1645. 

Holt,  h51t,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  on  the 
Dee,  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  ten  arches,  5^  miles  N.E. 
of  Wrexham,     Pop.  1056. 

Holt,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  1 7  miles  N.N.B, 
of  Dereham.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  shire  hall,  a 
workhouse,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  1563. 

Holt,  holt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
borders  on  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  Area,  about  462  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nodaway  River,  and 
on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Tarkio  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  ia 
traversed  along  the  western  border,  N.  to  S.,  and  intersected 
from  N.  to  W.  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad.  Capital,  Oregon.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,652  ; 
in  1880,  15,509 ;  in  1890,  15,469. 

Holt,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska,  is  biwiQded 


HOL 


1417 


HOM 


on  the  N.  by  the  Niobrara  River.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Elkhorn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  O'Neill.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3287  ;  in  1890,  13,672. 

Holty  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Holt  town- 
ship, about  15  miles  N.  of  Bedford,  and  12  miles  S.  of 
Coming.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

Holt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Delhi  township,  Ingham  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and 
a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  150. 

Holt,  a  well-wooded  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  1055.     It  contains  Highland  and  Whalan. 

Holt,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  in  Kearney  town- 
ship, 32  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3 
«hurches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  ofSce.     Pop.  259. 

Holt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  in  Raccoon  town- 
fihip,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Holt,  holt,  or  Yermaloff,  ydr'm&-loff\  an  island  of 
the  Pacific,  in  the  Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  16°  20'  S.;  Ion. 
143"  6'  W. 

Holten,  h6l't^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Over- 
yssel,  21  miles  S.S.B.  of  ZwoIIe.     Pop.  3014. 

Holten,  a  village  of  Norway,  25  miles  N.W.  of  TSnsberg. 

Holten,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21  miles  N.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1000. 

Holton,  hol'tpn,  a  post- village  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  <fcc. 

Holton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  8 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  banks.  One  semi-weekly 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2727. 

Holton,  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hol- 
ton township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flteam  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  620. 

Holts,  holts,  a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad  of 
Georgia  (Arlington  Extension),  17  miles  E.  of  Arlington. 

Holt8burg,h5lts'burg,  a  station  in  Davidson  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington. 

Holt's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,Tenn., 
13  miles  from  Shelbyville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Holt's  Mills,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

Holt's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  111., 
at  Holt's  Station  on  the  Iron  Mountain,  Chester  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Tamaroa. 

Holt's  Snm'mit,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Jefferson 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  ooal-mine. 

Holtsville,  holts' vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.T., 
at  Waverly  Station  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  50 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Holwan,  Holouan,  or  Holuan,  holV&n',  a  city 
of  antiquity,  the  Calah  of  Asshur  (Gen.  x.  11),  and  the 
Hallah  of  the  Israelitish  captivity,  is  now  represented  by 
the  village  Sar-Puli,  in  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  8 
miles  S.  of  Zohab.  Here  are  some  sculptured  tablets,  an 
excavated  royal  sepulchre,  and  various  ruins  and  mounds. 
Lat.  34°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  15'  E.  It  remained  populous  long 
after  the  Arab  invasion,  but  was  ruined  by  the  Huns  in 
1258.  The  Holwan  River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  rises 
20  miles  E.  of  Zohab,  and,  after  a  tortuous  course,  joins  the 
Ghilan,  an  affluent  of  the  Diala. 

Holwerd,  hol'^jRt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  North  Sea,  opposite  Ameland,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Dokkum.     Pop.  1884. 

Holy-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  3i 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Stourbridge.     See  Waltham-Abbey. 

Ho^ycross',  a  parish  and  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Tipperary,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Thurles.  Here  is  an  abbey 
founded  in  1182,  one  of  the  finest  ruins  in  Ireland.    P.  1336. 

Holy  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  12  miles  S.  of  Moorhead. 

Holy  Cross,  a  post-hamletin  Belgium  township,  Ozau- 
kee CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Fredonia  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Holy  Cross,  Mount.    See  Mount  Holy  Cross. 

Holyhead,  hol'e-hfid  (Welsh,  Gaer-Gyhi,  ki'§r-ghib'- 
ee),  a  borough  of  Wales,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  co. 
of  Anglesea,  off  its  W.  side,  and  connected  with  the  isle  of 
Anglesea  by  a  long  causeway.  It  is  23  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Bangor.  The  island  is  mostly  a  barren  rock,  and  ends 
on  the  N.  in  a  huge  headland  hollowed  into  many  caves. 

yo 


The  town  has  many  handsome  houses,  hotels,  assembly- 
rooms,  manufactures  of  ropes,  and  a  good  market-place. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  a  noble  breakwater  over  a  mile 
long,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  harbors  of  refuge  on 
the  British  coast.  Holyhead  owes  its  importance  to  its  being 
the  nearest  British  port  to  Dublin.     Pop.  5916. 

Holy  Island,  formerly  Lin^disfarne',  a  peninsula, 
insulated  at  high  water,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  England,  co. 
of  Northumberland,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed. 
.The  N.  part  of  the  island  consists  of  sand-hills,  forming  a 
large  rabbit-warren;  the  remainder  is  fertile.  It  has  a 
small  harbor  on  the  E.,  defended  by  a  battery,  a  village, 
frequented  for  sea-bathing,  a  fine  ancient  castle,  and  re- 
markable remains  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  founded  in  635  as 
a  bishop's  see,  over  which  St.  Cuthbert  presided.  It  was 
destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  900,  but  was  afterwards  rebuilt. 

Holy  Island,  in  Africa.    See  Chuluwan. 

Holy  Land,  The,  Asia.     See  Palestikb. 

Holyoke,  hol'ySk,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Phillips 
CO.,  Col.,  50  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sterling.  It  has  2 
church  organizations,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  <fcc.     Pop.  649. 

Holyoke,  a  city  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  It  is  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Holyoke 
Branch  of  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad.  A 
dam  1019  feet  long  has  been  built  across  the  river,  which 
falls  60  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile  and  affords  immense 
water-power.  Holyoke  is  finely  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill, 
and  is  surrounded  by  the  river  on  all  sides  except  the  W, 
It  contains  a  city  hall  or  town  house,  5  national  banks,  3 
savings  banks,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  5  convents,  a  Catholic 
orphanage,  17  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
about  25  paper-mills,  7  cotton-factories,  6  woollen-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  machinery,  files,  screws,  silk  goods, 
sash  and  blinds,  tools,  lumber,  bicycles,  carriages,  bits, 
trolleys,  Ac.  It  is  stated  that  nearly  200  tons  of  paper,  of 
all  grades  and  varieties,  are  produced  here  in  one  day. 
About  2000  operatives  are  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods,  1200  in  that  of  paper,  and  450  in  that  of 
cassimeres,  doeskins,  and  other  woollen  cloths.  Pop.  in 
1 860,  4997 ;  in  1870, 10,733  ;  in  1880,  21,915 ;  in  1890,  35,637. 

Holyoke,  a  hamlet  in  Centre  township,  Butler  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  from  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Ho'lyrood,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  10 
miles  from  St.  Marys.  Here  is  a  fresh-water  lake,  14  milea 
in  length,  abounding  with  trout. 

Holyrood,  a  post-town  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  8. 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  28  miles  from  St.  John's.  Copper 
ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  405. 

Holyrood  (North  Arm),  a  fishing  hamlet  of  New- 
foundland, 2  miles  from  Holyrood.     Pop.  260. 

Holy  Sea,  in  Asia.    See  Baikal  Lake. 

Hol'ytown,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  10  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Glasgow,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  2197. 

Holywell,  hol'e-w^l,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chester.  It  lies  in  a  glen  near 
the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  and  has  a  church  partly  ancient,  a 
beautiful  Gothic  chapel,  now  used  as  a  school,  a  court- 
house, remains  of  an  abbey  and  of  a  British  fortification, 
thriving  manofiactures  of  cottons,  hardware,  wire,  shot, 
paints,  and  flour,  and  large  smelting-houses  and  foundries. 
In  its  close  vicinity  are  coal-,  lead-,  copper-,  and  zinc-mines. 
Holywell  unites  with  Flint,  Ac,  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Its  ancient  well,  whence  its  name, 
sends  up  21  tons  of  water  every  minute.     Pop.  3540. 

Holzemme,  h6lt'sfim^m§h,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
joins  the  Bode  below  Groningen.     Length,  30  miles. 

Holzenoe,  h6lt's§n-o\h,  an  island  of  Norway,  lat.  60* 
34'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  10'  E.,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bergen.  It  is 
15  miles  in  length. 

Holzgerlingen,  h6lts'gh§r-ling*9n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1718. 

Holzminden,  h6lt8'min-d§n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  on  the  Weser,  56  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Brunswick.  Pop.  6887.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
churches,  a  synagogue,  a  library,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
and  steel  wares,  hosiery,  files,  pins,  Ac.  It  is  also  an  entrep6t 
for  linen  fabrics. 

Holzthalleben,  h&lts't&l-I^'b^n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  12  miles  W.  of  Son- 
dershausen.     Pop.  1298. 

Ho'man,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Fulton. 

Horn  an,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago^ 
Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Quincy. 


HOM 


1418 


HOM 


Ho'iuansTille^  a  post-office  of  Utah  cc,  Utah. 

Hombeeckjhom'bik,  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles  by 
mil  N.W.  of  Mechlin.     Pop.  1825. 

Homberg,  hom'bflRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Efze,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  3212. 

Homberg,  a  walled  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Ober- 
Hessen,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1433. 

Homberg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles  N.  of 
Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.,  with  commune,  3405. 

Homberg,  or  Homburg  (Fr.  Hombourg,  h6M'booR'),, 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Germany,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Stras- 
burg  Railway,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Metz, 

Hombourg,  h6M'booE',  a  village  of  Belgium,  19  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Qulpe.     Pop.  1260. 

Hombrechtikon,hom-brfiK'te-kon,aTillage  of  Swit- 
terland,  canton  of  Zurich,  district  of  Meilen.     Pop.  2678. 

Hombressen,  hom'brSs-s^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  N.W.  from  Cassel.     Pop.  1232. 

Homburg,  hom'boSRG,  a  fortified  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  6  miles  N.  of  Deux-Ponts.  Pop.  3612,  employed 
in  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 

Homburg-voB-DER-HoHE,  hom'bSSBG-voB-dSa-ho'^h, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  former  capital  of  the 
landgraviate  of  Hesse-Homburg,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  Pop.  8290.  It  has  a  castle, 
built  in  1680,  and  a  stocking-manufactory,  but  it  is  best 
known  for  its  fine  kursaal  and  its  mineral  springs.  It  has 
elegant  bath  establishments,  and  was  until  1870  one  of  the 
most  noted  gambling-places  in  Europe. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  14  miles  S.  of 
Xenia. 

Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  about  8 
miles  E.  of  Madison. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Iowa. 

Home,  a, post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas. 

Home,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  655. 
Post-office,  Centralia. 

Home,  or  Mor'ganville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co., 
Ky.,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon,  Va.  It  haa  2 
churches.     Here  is  Home  Post-Office. 

Home,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  93. 

Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  oo.,  Mich.,  about  48 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Muskegon.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Home,  a  post-township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop.  1269.  Home 
Post-Office  is  10^  miles  W.  of  New  Ulm. 

Home,  or  Kel'lysburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  oo.. 
Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Indiana,  and  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Altoona.   It  has  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Home,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  at  Henderson 
Station,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Greeneville.  It  has  2  flouring- 
mills.  2  stores,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis. 

Home  Bay,  in  British  North  America,  N.  of  Cumber- 
land Island,  is  in  lat.  68°  30'  N.,  Ion.  68°  ^. 

Home  City,  a  village  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis,  Cincinnati  &,  Lafayette  Railroad,  11  miles  W. 
of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Homedahl,  hom'd&l,  a  post-office  of  Faribault  oo., 
Minn. 

Homel,  ho^mel',  or  Gomel,  go^mel',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  120  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moheelev,  Pop,,  with 
Bielitza,  a  town  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Sozh,  22,000. 

Home'land,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Va. 

Home  Place,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La. 

Home  Place,  a  village  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  75  miles 
N.  of  Orange.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Ho'mer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Banks  co.,  Ga., 
•bout  80  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Athens. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  120. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  in  South 
Homer  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Danville,  and  about  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Champaign.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  seminary,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  1000. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.  Pop.  1279.  It 
contains  Hadley. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Rush  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeflfer- 
Bonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Rushville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Benton  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  728. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  775, 

Homer,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co,,  Iowa,  in  Webster 

•ownship,  9  miles  S,W.  of  Webster  City,  and  about  18  miles 

S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.    It  has  2  churches.    Coal  abounds  here. 

Homer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co,,  Ky,,  10  miles  N, 


of  Russellville.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  68. 

Homer,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Claiborne  parish.  La., 
about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  brick  court- 
house, 4  churches,  a  college,  and  a  female  seminary.  Twc 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  is  surrounded  by 
cotton-plantations  and  vineyards.     Pop,  in  1890,  1132. 

Homer,  a  post- village  in  Homer  township,  Calhoun  co.,. 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad  (Air- Line  division)  where  it  crosses  the  Lan-- 
sing  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 46  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lansing,  and  23  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bath-tub  factory,  an  oil-stove  factory,  a 
chair-hammock  factory,  a  washing-machine  factory,  and  a 
furniture-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  1063;  of  the  township,. 
2032. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Midland  co,,  Mich,     Pop,  552. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Homer 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  below 
Winona.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
bluffs  here  are  nearly  500  feet  high.  Pop.  about  200 ;  of 
the  township,  859. 

Homer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Neb.,  14  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Homer  township,  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  in  a  valley  on  the  Tioughnioga 
River,  and  on  the  Syracuse,  Bingbamton  k  New  York  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  S.  of  Syracuse,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Cortland. 
It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  public  school,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  carriage-factory,  woollen-mills,  an 
oil-cloth  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  in  Burlington 
township,  4  miles  W.  of  Utioa  Station,  and  about  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
brooms,  carriages,  and  furniture.     Pop.  226. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Medina  oo.,  0.  Pop.  886.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Homerville. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0,     Pop.  1690. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Potter  co.,  P&.  Pop.  160.  Poat- 
office,  Eaat  Homer. 

Homer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Angelina  co.,  Tex.,, 
about  68  miles  S.E.  of  Palestine,  and  125  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Houston.  It  has  2  charches,  and  manufactures  of  leather 
and  saddles.     Pop.  216. 

Homer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  oo.,  Wis.,  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Boscobel.     It  haa  a  church. 

Ho'mer,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  oo.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
E.  of  St.  Catharine's,     Pop.  150. 

Homer  City,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  Black  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  Indiana 
Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Blairsville.  It  has 
several  churches. 

Ho'merville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinch  oo., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad,  122  miles  S.W.  of 
Savannah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Homerville,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in 
Homer  township,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  bu 
2  churches. 

Homestead,  hSm'stSd,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,. 
Cal.,  30  miles  E.  of  San  Diego. 

Homestead,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  near  the 
Iowa  Jfliver,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.  of  Marengo,  and  20  miles  S,S,W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  It  belongs  to  the  Amana  Society..  (See  Amana.) 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  starch-factory. 
A  great  meteor,  which  illuminated  a  large  portion  of  the 
state,  fell  here,  February  12,  1875,  near  10  p.m.,  and  about 
500  pounds  of  meteoric  stones  were  found. 

Homestead,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Homestead,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Benzie 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  32  miles  N.N.E,  of  Manistee.  The  hamlet 
is  5  miles  W.  of  Benzonia.     It  has  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  164. 

Homestead,  a  post-office  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  near  the 
Missouri  River. 

Homestead,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad  and  the  Northern  New  Jer- 
sey Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church 
a  silk-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and  market-gardens. 

Homestead,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa,,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactiires  of  steel,  glass,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  7911. 

Home'town,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Nesquehoning  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Mauob 
Chunk.     In  the  vicinity  are  2  churches. 


HOM 


1419 


HON 


Hornet's  Ferry,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.    See  Fbenchtown. 

Homeville,  hom'vll  (CoUamer  Post-OflBoe),  a  village 
ff  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Oxford  township,  6  miles  S.  of 
Atglen.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a  store. 

Homewood,  hom'wood,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Chi- 
cago.    It  has  2  churches,  a  tile-faotory,  <fec. 

Homewood,  a  post-office  ot  Franklin  co.,  Kansas. 

Homewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Forest.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Homewood,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Homewood,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  New  Castle  Branch,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Homewood,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis. 

Home' worth,  or  Win'chester,  a  post-village  of  Co- 
lumbiana CO.,  0.,  in  Knox  township,  on  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Alliance.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese,  and 
farming-implements.  Pop.  235.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Homeworth. 

Hom'iny  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C., 
10  miles  W.  of  Asheville. 

Homme,  hom'm^h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
joins  the  Lesse  after  a  course  of  25  miles. 

Homochit'to  River,  Mississippi,  runs  southwestward 
through  Franklin  co.,  forms  the  boundary  between  Adams 
and  Wilkinson  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi. 

Homolitz,  or  Homolicz,  ho'mo-lits^,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the  Danube,  6  miles  S.S.E,  of 
Pancsova.     Pop.  4105. 

Homonna,  ho^mon'ndh,  or  Humene,  hoo-mi'n^h,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  30  miles  E.  of  Eperies.     Pop.  3462. 

Homorod,  ho^mo^rod',  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
Transylvania,  in  Szeklerland,  the  principal  being  Homorod- 
Almas,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Udvarhely.     Pop.  1710. 

Homorod  (or  Great  Homorod)  River,  Transyl- 
vania, joins  the  Aloota,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  30  miles. 

Ho^mosas'sa,  a  village  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Homosassa  River,  about  3  miles  E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Keys. 

Ho^mowack',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
Rondout  Creek,  and  on  the  Ellenville  Branch  of  the  Os- 
wego Midland  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Middletown.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Horns,  h6ms,  Hums,  hiims,  or  Hems,  hems  (anc. 
Em'eaa),  a  town  of  Syria,  86  miles  N.N.E.  of  Damascus, 
near  the  Orontes  and  the  lake  of  Homs.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  gold  and  silver  thread,  cotton,  woollen,  and  silk 
stuflFs,  and  fine  furniture.  It  has  a  Catholic  (Melchite) 
archbishop,  an  American  Protestant  mission,  and  several 
churches  and  mosques.  Homs  is  the  seat  of  an  active  trade, 
chiefly  with  Tripoli.     Pop.  20,000. 

Hon'akersville,  a  hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
from  Saltville.     It  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Ho-Nan,  ho^-nin',  an  inland  province  of  China,  mostly 
between  lat.  32°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  110°  and  116°  E.  Its 
N.  part  is  intersected  by  the  Hoang-Ho.  The  soil  is  highly 
fertile.     Pop.  23,037,171.     Chief  city,  Kai-Fong. 

Ho-Nan,  a  city  of  China,  in  the  above  province,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Hoang-Ho,  in  lat.  34°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112° 
28'  E. 

Ho -Nan,  a  famous  Booddhist  temple  of  China,  on  an 
island  near  Canton. 

Hon^awar',  or  Honore,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  W. 
coast,  in  North  Canara,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  salt  lagoon  7 
miles  in  length  and  3  miles  in  breadth,  forming  a  harbor 
deep  and  spacious,  but  dangerous  to  approach  at  certain 
seasons.     Pop.  4985. 

Hon'cut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yuba  co.,  Gal.,  on  the  Feather 
River,  1  mile  from  Moore's  Station,  and  about  14  miles  N. 
of  Marysville.     It  has  2  churches. 

i  Hon'cut  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  California,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Butte  and  Yuba  cos.  for  its 
whole  length,  and  falls  into  Feather  River  about  10  miles 
above  Marysville. 

Hon'da  (Sp.  pron.  in'di),  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Tolima,  on  the  Magdalena,  56  miles 
N.W.  of  Bogota.  Pop.  5000.  It  is  regularly  built,  has 
some  religious  edifices,  a  college,  and  2  bridges,  and  is  a 
depot  for  the  commercial  produce  of  the  southern  provinces. 

Honda,  the  name  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  60 
miles  W.  of  Havana. 

Honda,  the  name  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia.     Lat.  12°  20'  N.;  Ion.  71°  50'  W. 


Hon'do,  Hoi^ima,  hon-jee'm&,  or  Hoi^iu,  hon- 
jee'oo,  i.e.,  "mainland"  (called  by  most  authorities 
Niph^on',  Nippon',  or  Nip^pon',  but  that  name  belongs 
in  strictness  to  the  whole  Japanese  empire),  the  largest 
island  of  Japan,  extending  from  the  Strait  of  Matsmai 
southwestward  for  900  miles  to  the  narrow  channels  which 
separate  it  from  the  islands  of  Kioo-Sioo  and  Shikoku,  It 
is  long,  narrow,  and  curved  in  outline,  with  many  bays  and 
outlying  islets.  Its  climate  and  productions  vary  much 
with  the  latitude.  The  island  is  by  far  the  most  important 
and  populous  in  Japan,  under  which  head  it  is  more  fully 
described.  Pop.,  including  some  small  neighboring  islands, 
in  1882,  27,836,067;  in  1890,  30,771,933. 

Hondo,  hon'do  or  on'do,  or  Rio  Hondo,  ree'o  on'do 
{i.e.,  " deep  river" ),  called  also  Rio  Grande,  ree'o 
grin'di,  a  river  of  Yucatan  and  Balize,  enters  a  bay  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea  25  miles  S.E.  of  Bacalar. 

Hondo  Canon,  kin'yon,  a  post-office  and  valley  of 
Bandera  co.,  Tex.,  60  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Hondo  Creek,  or  Rio  Hondo,  Texas,  rises  in  Ban- 
dera CO.,  runs  southward  through  Medina  co.,  and  enters 
the  Rio  Frio  in  Frio  co.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Hondschoote,  h6iio'shot'  (Dutch  pron.  hont'sko't§h), 
a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk. 
Pop.  1870. 

Honduras,  hon-doo'ris,  a  republic  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, lat.  13°  10'  to  16°  2'  N.,  Ion.  83°  to  90°  W.,  having  N. 
the  Caribbean  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Honduras,  W.  Guatemala, 
S.W.  Salvador  and  the  Bay  of  Fonseca,  and  S.E.  Nica- 
ragua. Capital,  Tegucigalpa.  Area,  47,090  square  miles, 
with  a  coast-line  of  nearly  400  miles.  Estimated  population, 
431,917.  The  large  island  Ruatan  and  its  dependencies 
belong  to  the  state.  (See  Bay  Islands.)  In  general  the 
country  is  mountainous.  Its  principal  rivers  are  the  Cha- 
melicon,  Santiago,  Roman  or  Agua,  Patook,  and  Segovia 
or  Wanks,  flowing  to  the  Caribbean  Sea ;  and  the  Choluteca, 
which  falls  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Near  the  sources  of  the 
Goascoran  and  the  Humuya  there  occurs  a  complete  gap 
in  the  Cordilleras  chain,  through  which  it  is  proposed  to 
construct  a  railway  from  sea  to  sea.  Lake  Yojoa,  in  the  W. 
of  the  state,  25  miles  long  by  8  broad,  and  2050  feet  above 
the  sea,  is  the  only  lake  of  note.  The  Bay  of  Fonseca 
contains  numerous  islands,  on  one  of  which  (Tigr6)  is  situ- 
ated Amapala,  the  only  port  of  Honduras  on  the  Pacific. 
The  principal  ports  on  the  N.  coast  are  Omoa  and  Trujillo. 
The  exports  consist  chiefly  of  horned  cattle,  dry  hides,  in- 
digo, bullion,  and  mahogany.  Gold  is  found  in  the  sandg 
of  all  the  streams,  and  there  are  copper-mines  of  great 
richness.  Iron  ores,  platinum,  cinnabar,  zinc,  and  antimony 
exist,  but  are  not  worked;  coal  has  been  discovered  in 
several  localities.  The  valuable  timbers  are  chiefly  ma- 
hogany and  rosewood ;  the  former,  a  very  important  article 
of  commerce,  grows  nearly  all  over  the  state,  but  most 
abundantly  near  the  Bay  of  Honduras.  Other  products  are 
fustic,  Brazil  wood,  annotto,  copaiba,  copal,  ipecacuanha, 
caoutchouc,  the  pitch  pine  and  cedar,  lime,  lemon,  orange, 
coooanut,  and  many  fine  fruits.  Sarsaparilla  and  vanilla  oif 
the  best  quality  grow  on  the  N.E.  coast.  The  sugar-cane  is 
indigenous,  and  yields  two  or  three  crops  a  year  ;  the  coff'ee 
is  of  excellent  quality ;  wheat  and  other  cereals  flourish  in 
the  elevated  districts,  and  maize  near  the  coasts.  Domestic 
animals  are  the  horse,  ass,  ox,  sheep,  goat,  hog,  dog,  and  cat. 
Among  wild  animals  are  the  deer,  peccary,  waree,  tapir, 
manatee,  monkey,  raccoon,  opossum,  squirrel,  ant-eater,  ar- 
madillo, jaguar,  coyote,  ocelot,  tiger-cat,  and  puma.  Birds, 
reptiles,  fishes,  and  moUusks  are  numerous.  The  govern- 
ment of  the  republic  is  vested  in  a  president,  elected  for 
four  years,  and  a  congress  of  two  houses,  called  the  senate 
and  the  chamber  of  deputies.  A  canal  has  been  proposed 
across  the  state  from  Puerto  Cortez,  in  the  Bay  of  Honduras, 
to  the  Bay  of  Fonseca,  in  the  Pacific;  length,  200  miles. 
Mean  temperature  of  year,  79° ;  maximum,  86° ;  mini- 
mum, 62°  Fahr.     Annual  rainfall,  47  inches. 

Honduras,  Bay  of.    See  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Honduras,  British,  Central  America.    See  Balizk. 

Honea,  bun'n§,  a  ])ost-haiulet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Honea  Path,  hiin'n^  path,  a  post-village  of  Anderson 
CO.,  S.C.,  in  Honea  Path  township,  on  the  Columbia  <fc 
Greenville  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  365. 

Honeoye,  ho-ne-oy',  a  post-village  of  Richmond  town- 
ship, Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  outlet  of  Honeoye  Lake, 
about  27  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  fur- 
nace, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Honeoye  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Honeoye  Creek,  and  on  the  Batavia  &  Canandaigua 


HON 


1420 


HON 


Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Canandaigua,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1128. 

Honeoye  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Ontario  co.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Canandaigua  Lake.  It  is  6  or  6  miles  long,  and  lies 
in  a  deep  gorge  or  valley  of  erosion.  Its  outlet>  Honeoye 
Creek,  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake,  runs  northwest- 
ward nearly  24  miles,  and  enters  the  Genesee  River  in 
Monroe  co.,  4  miles  N.  of  Avon. 

Houesdale,  honz'dal,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lackawaxen  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Dy- 
berry  Creek,  about  16  miles  B.  of  Carbondale,  and  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  on  the  Honesdale  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  and  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Canal.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  glass- 
cutting  factory,  a  glass-decoration-works,  a  glass-factory, 
woollen-mills,  2  shoe-factories,  a  silk-mill,  engine-works, 
sash-  and  blind-factories,  &e.     Pop.  in  1890,  2816. 

Honesville,  bonz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  oc,  N.Y., 
in  Deer  Park  township,  3  miles  from  Port  Jervis. 

Honey  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  111., 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  57  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Here  is  a  church. 

Honey  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  23 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Lancaster,  and  18  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Downingtown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures 
of  cigars  and  leaf-tobacco.  Pop.  in  1890,  514;  of  the 
township,  1876. 

Honey  Creek,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Wabash  River  about  8  miles  below  Terre  Haute. 

Honey  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Hardin  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Iowa  River  in  Marshall  co 

Honey  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Mercer  co.,  runs  S.  through  Grundy  co.,  and  enters  the 
Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River  7  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe. 

Honey  Creek,  Wisconsin,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  River  in  Sauk  co. 

Honey  Creek,  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  runs  E.  and  S., 
and  joins  Sugar  Creek  to  form  an  affluent  of  Fox  River. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1495.     It  contains  Coatsburg. 

Honey  Creek,  township,  Crawford  co..  111.     P.  1868. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  lU.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  at  Daysville  Station,  3  miles  E. 
of  Oregon. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles 
6.E.  of  Anderson.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  216. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Howard  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
732.     It  contains  Russiaville. 

Honey  Creek,  a  townsMp  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  border- 
ing to  a  small  extent  on  the  Wabash.     Pop.  1519. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  White  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
611.    It  contains  Reynolds. 

Honey  Creek,  township,  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  931. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     P.  977. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pottawatta- 
mie CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.     Pop.  about  50. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Sauk  oo..  Wis.     P.  1270. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Prairie  town- 
ship, Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  Honey  Creek,  about  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory 
of  farm-implements. 

Hon'eycntt's,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1283. 

Honey  Grove,  Juniata  co..  Pa.    See  Bealbtown. 

Honey  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bonham.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  an  oil-mill,  an  ice- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1828. 

Honey  Lake,  Lassen  co.,  Cal.,  is  about  14  miles  W. 
of  Pyramid  Lake  (which  is  in  Nevada).  It  is  surrounded 
by  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  and  has  no  outlet.  It  is 
nearly  20  miles  long,  is  irregular  in  shape,  and  quite  shallow. 
Here  is  Honey  Lake  Valley,  at  an  altitude  of  4200  feet  above 
the  sea.  It  comprises  about  20,000  acres  of  fine  farming- 
and  meadow-land. 

HoneyviHe,  hiin'e-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  oo.,  Va., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Market.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Honflenr,  h6M»'flnR'  or  6n»^fluR'  (L.  Honflo'rium),  a 
•eaport  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  S.  or  left  bank 


of  the  estuary  of  the  Seine,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Havre.  It  it 
a  railway  terminus,  but  is  ill  built,  dirty,  and  dull.  On 
a  woodeid  height  above  it  is  a  church  resorted  to  by 
seafaring  devotees.  Honfleur  has  docks  and  rope-walks, 
and  manufactures  of  lace,  chemicals,  and  leather.  It  exports 
to  England  eggs,  butter,  fruits,  Ac.     Pop.  9037. 

Hongen,  hong'^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Eschweiler.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  3770. 

Hongg,  hong  (almost  hdng),  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1616. 

Hong-Hai,  hong^-hi',  an  islet  in  the  China  Sea,  o£f  the 
coast  of  Quang-Tong,  in  lat.  22°  45'  N.,  Ion.  115°  12'  E. 

Hong-Kiang,  or  Hon-Kiang,  hong^-ke-&ng', 
written  also  Hoang-Kiang,  a  navigable  river  in  the  S. 
part  of  China,  rises  in  the  province  of  Yun-Nan,  flows  E. 
and  S.E.,  and,  after  receiving  the  Pe-Kiang  from  the  N., 
enters  the  China  Sea,  by  many  mouths,  near  Canton.  It 
is  sometimes  called  See-Eiang  (Si-Kiang).  The  arm  on 
which  Canton  is  situated  is  called  Canton  River,  or  Choo- 
Kiang  ("Pearl  River").  The  latter  name  (Choo-Kiang)  is 
sometimes  applied  to  the  whole  stream.  Length,  estimated 
at  800  miles. 

Hong-Kong  ("red  harbor"),  or  Hiang-Kiang 
("the  fragrant  or  flowing  streams"),  an  island  belonging 
to  the  British,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  situated  at  the  month  of  the  estuary  that 
leads  to  Canton,  from  which  it  is  distant  S.E.  75  miles. 
Lat.  22°  16'  30"  N.;  Ion.  114°  14'  46"  E.  It  is  about  10 
miles  in  extreme  length  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  7^  miles 
in  extreme  breadth,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
strait,  which,  at  Lymoon  Pass,  is  only  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide.  A  small  part  of  the  mainland  belongs  to  the 
British  colony.  The  general  appearance  of  the  island  is 
unprepossessing,  being  oomposed  mostly  of  lofty  barren 
rocks  that  rise  from  the  sea  to  heights  of  from  1000  to  2000 
feet,  and  so  abruptly  as  to  leave  hardly  any  space  to  build 
upon.  Some  rank  vegetation  here  and  there,  and  a  little 
herbage  and  brushwood  growing  between  the  masses  of 
granite  and  on  the  margins  of  the  streams,  form  almost  its 
only  vegetable  productions.  Victoria,  the  capital  (itself 
commonly  called  Hong-Kong),  is  situated  on  a  magnificent 
bay  of  the  same  name,  setting  up  into  the  N.  side  of  the 
island.  (See  Victoria.)  Hong-Kong  is  a  great  centre  of 
the  foreign  trade  of  China,  and  a  mart  for  opium,  flour, 
mercury,  ivory,  betel,  cotton,  amber,  oil,  petroleum,  woollens, 
silks,  salt,  tea,  sugar,  Ac,  and  has  manufactures  of  sugar, 
rum,  ice,  and  vermilion.     It  has  a  mint  for  trade  dollars. 

Hong-Kong  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain  by  the  treaty  of 
Canton,  in  1841,  and  again  by  the  treaty  of  Nanking  in 
1842.  Since  then  many  wealthy  Chinese  merchants  have 
established  branch  houses  here,  and  charter  British  ships 
to  carry  goods  to  the  N.  ports.  The  government  of  the 
colony  is  vested  in  a  governor,  secretary,  commandant, 
chief  justice,  attorney-general,  and  legislative  council.  It 
is  the  see  of  an  Anglican  bishop.  Pop.  in  1871,  124,194  ; 
in  1881,  160,402;  in  1891,  221,441,  mostly  Chinese. 

Hongrie,  the  French  name  of  Hunoart. 

Honiton,  hiln'e-t^n,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Otter,  16i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Exeter.  It  con- 
sists chiefly  of  one  long  spacious  street,  well  built,  paved, 
and  lighted.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  containing  a  curious 
screen  and  many  old  monuments,  a  superb  modem  church, 
a  grammar-school,  a  workhouse,  and  a  hospital.  Honiton 
has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of  serges  and 
of  lace,  but  the  true  Honiton  lace  is  not  now  made  here. 
Pop. 3464. 

Honjima,  or  Hoiyiu,  Japan.    See  Hondo. 

Hon-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Hong-Kianq. 

Hon'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  on  a  railway, 
3  miles  S.  of  Huddersfield.  It  has  woollen-mills.    Pop.  4906. 

Honnecourt,  honn^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
8  miles  S.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1711. 

Honnef,  hon'n£f,a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern 
ment  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  3707. 

Honningen,  hon'ning-§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1600. 

Honningen,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Coblentz. 

Hono,  ho'no\  a  small  triangular  island  of  Sweden,  in 
the  Cattegat,  and  W.  of  Gothenburg. 

Honolulu,  hon-o-loo'loo,  a  city  of  the  Hawaiian  Archi- 
pelago, the  capital  of  the  republic  of  Hawaii,  is  situated  on 
the  S.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Oahu,  on  a  good  harbor. 
Lat.  21°  18'  12"  N.;  Ion.  157°  50'  36"  W.  It  is  a  well- 
built,  attractive  town,  containing  the  government  build- 
ings, public  library,  hospital,  custom-house,  college,  ladies' 
seminary,  several  substantial  churches,  jail,  insane  asylum, 


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1421 


HOO 


reform  school,  large  warehouses,  stone  wharves,  iron-works, 
and  factories  for  doors,  ice,  sash,  blinds,  &e.  It  is  the 
seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop  and  of  a  Catholic  vicar  apos- 
tolic. Most  of  the  houses  have  gardens  filled  with  rich 
tropical  vegetation.  One  Hawaiian  and  several  English 
newspapers  are  here  published.  Pop.  in  1884,  20,487 ;  in 
1890,  22,907. 

Hono'raville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Honore^  a  town  of  India.     See  Honawar. 

Honrubia,  on-roo'se-i.  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     JPop.  1552. 

Hont,  or  Honth,  hont,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Hun- 
gary, bounded  S.  by  the  Danube.  Area,  1017  square  miles. 
It  is  in  part  mountainous,  and  is  rich  in  minerals.  Chief 
town,  Schemnitz.     Pop.  116,256. 

Hooblee,  or  Hoobly,  hoo'blee  (formerly  Havili,  h&'- 
ve-lee),  a  town  of  British  India,  13  miles  S.B.  of  Darwar. 
Pop.  estimated  at  15,000.  It  has  2  forts,  some  Mohammedan 
edifices,  and  a  good  trade. 

Hoo-Chou,  Hou-Tchou,  hoo^-choo',  or  Hou- 
Tcheou-Fon,  hoo^-chS-oo'-foo',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Che-Kiang,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Ning-Po.  It  is  a  great 
Bilk-mart.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Hood,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests.  Among  its  prominent  features  is 
Comanche  Peak.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Fort  Worth  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  Capital,  Gran- 
bury.     Pop.  in  1870,  2585;  in  1890,  6125;  in  1890,  7614. 

Hood,  Monnt.    See  Mount  Hood. 

Hood  River,  a  post-village  of  Wasco  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  70  miles  E.  of  Portland.  It  is  in  a 
fertile  country,  in  which  valuable  evergreen  trees  abound, 
with  beautiful  scenery. 

Hood's  Canal  or  Channel,  Washington,  a  narrow 
navigable  inlet  of  salt  water,  which  extends  from  Admiralty 
Inlet  southwestward.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  Kit- 
sap CO.  on  the  S.E.  and  the  cos.  of  Jefferson  and  Mason  on 
the  other  side.  It  is  about  44  miles  long,  and  has  an 
average  width  of  2  or  3  miles. 

Hood's  Island,  one  of  the  Galapagos  group. 

Hood's  Island  (native  name,  Fetoo'ka  or  Fetou'ga), 
one  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in  lat.  9°  25'  S.,  Ion.  138® 
57'  W.     It  is  said  to  be  uninhabited. 

Hood's  Island.    See  Lord  Hood's  Island. 

Hood's  Ijand'ing,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  or  Clinch  River. 

Hood's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  parish,  La. 

Hood's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  35. 

Hood's  River,  British  North  America,  flows  into  Coro- 
nation Gulf,  Arctic  Ocean. 

Hood's  Road,  a  station  in  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Malvern  Extension  of  the  West  Chester  A  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Malvern. 

Hood's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky. 

Hoods'ville,  a  post-office,  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hood'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  on  the 
Fhawneetown  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  S.E.  of  McLeansborough.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Hoof,  hQf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  near 
Cassel.     It  has  a  lignite-mine.     Pop.  1006. 

Hoofdplaat,  horpl&t',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  on  the  West  Scheldt,  6  miles  E.S.B.  of  Flush- 
ing.    Pop.  1468. 

Hooge,  ho'H^h  or  ho'ah^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  7i  miles  N.  of  Breda. 

Hoogeveen,  hS^oh^h-vain',  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  19  miles  S.  of  Assen.  It  has  ship-yards 
and  manufactures  of  calico  and  brandy.     Pop.  11,103. 

Hoogezand,  hS'shQh-z&nt^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2000. 

Hoogkarspel,  hSo-kaR'spdl,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  N.E.  of  Hoorn.     Pop.  1216. 

Hooglede,  hSg'l^-d^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4200. 

Hoogly,  or  Hooghly,  hoog'lee,  the  westernmost 
branch  of  the  Ganges,  at  its  delta,  known  above  Nuddea  as 
the  Bhagirathi.  Total  length,  about  200  miles ;  its  mouth 
is  nearly  10  miles  across.  It  is  the  only  branch  of  the 
Ghinges  extensively  navigated  by  large  vessels,  and  the 
only  on«  in  the  delta  which  is  held  sacred  by  the  Hindoos. 


Hoogly,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  Hoogly  district, 
on  the  river  Hoogly,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Howrah.  Th» 
finest  building  is  the  Imambarra,  a  Mohammedan  institu- 
tion, with  which  the  Hoogly  government  college,  a  well- 
endowed  school,  was  formerly  connected,  as  the  great  hos- 
pital is  still.  Chinsoorah  now  forms  part  of  this  town. 
Hoogly  has  mills  connected  with  the  prison.     Pop.  34,761. 

Hoogly,  or  Hugli,  hoog'lee,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
bounded  E.  by  the  river  Hoogly.  Area,  1482  square  miles. 
It  is  a  flat  and  fertile  and  well-cultivated  country,  subject 
to  some  extent  to  overflow.  Pop.  1,488,558.  Capital, 
Hoogly.     Chief  town,  Howrah. 

Hoogstraeten,  or  Hoogstraaten,  hSg'str&H^n,  a 
town  of  Belgium,  province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp. 
It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  leather,  and  ropes.   P.  2550. 

Hook'em  Fair,  a  hamlet  of  Matthews  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Piankatank  River,  1  mile  from  the  wharf  of  the  Balti- 
more steamboat.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Hook'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Salem,  the  county-seat. 

Hooker,  a  township  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1114. 

Hooker,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  about  34  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Hooker,  a  post- village  in  Concord  township,  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Karns  City,  and  about  27  miles  S.  of 
Franklin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hooker,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville <k  Chattanooga  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Hookeree,  Hookery,  or  Hukeri,  hoo'k§r-ee,  a 
town  of  India,  23  miles  N.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  5364. 

Hooker's,  a  post-office  of  St.  Francis  co..  Ark. 

Hooker's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0., 
on  the  Columbus  &  Hooking  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Lancaster. 

Hook'erstown,  or  Hook'erton,  a  post-village  of 
Greene  co.,  N.C.,  on  Moccasin  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Newborn.  It  has  4  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  female 
institute,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Hook'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Kanawha  Falls  Station.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  store. 

Hook'erville,  a  post-office  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex. 

Hook'set,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hookset  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the 
Concord  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Suncook 
Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  below  Concord.  It  has  2  hotels, 
a  church,  1  or  2  cotton -factories,  extensive  brick-yards,  and 
a  graded  school.  Here  is  a  railroad  bridge  over  the  river. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1893. 

Hook's  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Marion  township,  16  miles  S.  of  Webster  City.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hookstown,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  Arlington. 

Hooks'town,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Ohio 
River.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  259. 

Hook'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  sea- 
coast,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Eureka.  Lumber,  grain,  Ac, 
are  shipped  here. 

Hooly-Onore,  hoo'lee-o-nSr',  a  town  and  fort  of 
India,  in  Mysore,  130  miles  N.W.  of  Seringapatam. 

Hoo>Nan,  or  Hon-Nan,  hoo^-nin'  ("south  of  the 
lake"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  25°  and  30°  N. 
and  Ion.  109°  and  114°  E.,  bounded  southward  by  the 
Quang  provinces.  Surface  elevated,  but  fertile;  all  the 
rivers  are  tributaries  to  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo,  on  its  N. 
border,  and  whence  its  name.  Pop.  18,652,507.  Chief 
city,  Chang-Sha. 

Hoo'pa  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  Trinity  River,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shasta.  Here 
is  an  Indian  reservation. 

Hoo-Pe,  or  Hon-Pe,  hoo*-pi'  ("  north  of  the  lake"), 
a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  29°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion. 
108°  and  116°  E.,  and  in  the  centre  of  China  proper.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Tang-tse-Kiang.  Pop.  37,370,098.  Chief 
city,  Han-Keoo. 

Hoop'er,  a  post- village  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Elk- 
horn  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  A  Pacific  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  of  Fremont.  It  has  4  ehurches,  2  banks,  2  acad- 
emies, a  newspaper  office,  a  butter-  and  cheese- factory,  Ac. 
Pop.  670. 

Hooper,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Union  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Binghamton. 

Hooper,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  near  Salt 
Lake,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ogden.  It  has  a  church,  a 
seminary,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  wooden-ware. 


HOO 


1422 


HOP 


Hooper's  Creek,  a  township  of  Henderson  co.,  N,C. 

Pop.  755.  n        /.  n  IT 

Hoop'er's  Island,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Corea,  off 
the  S.  coast  of  Quelpaert  Island,  in  lat.  32°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
126°  30'  E. 

Hooper's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Hooper's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  i 
mile  from  Smithborough  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Hoop'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  Hooper's  Island,  about  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Crisfield. 

Hoopeston,  hoops't9n,  a  post-village  of  "Vermilion  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Bloomington  division  of  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and  104  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  9  churches,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  high  school,  can- 
ning-factories, brick-  and  tile-works,  and  1  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  1911. 

Hoop  Pole,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0. 

Hoo-Quang,  Hou-Quang,  Hon-Konang,  or 
Hu-Kwang,  hoo^-kw4ng',  a  former  province  of  China, 
now  forming  the  provinces  of  Hoo-Nan  and  Hoo-Pe,  and 
having  in  its  centre  the  large  lake  of  Tong-Ting-Hoo. 

Hoormara,  hooR-mi'ri,  a  seaport  town  of  Beloochis- 
tan,  province  of  Mekran,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  25° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  65°  6'  E.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Hoorn,  hoRn,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Am- 
sterdam. It  has  ship-yards,  fisheries,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  sail-cloth,  Ac.     Pop.  9764. 

Hoorn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  at  the  S.  end  of 
vhe  island  of  Texel. 

Hoorn  (generally  called  De  Hoorn,  d&  hSRn),  a  Til- 
lage of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of  Terschelling. 

Hoorn,  South  America.    See  Capb  Horn. 

Hoorn,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the 
Roads  of  Batavia,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Onrust. 

Hoosac  (hoo'sak)  Mountain,  a  range  or  ridge  in 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  portion  of  the  Green  Mountains. 
The  Hoosac  Mountain  is  perforated  by  the  Hoosac  Tunnel, 
which  is  about  5  miles  long,  and  is  in  Berkshire  co. 

Hoosac  (or  Hoosick,  hoo'sik)  River  rises  in  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  and  runs  northwestward  through  Pownal 
township,  Vt.,  into  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.  It  finally  flows 
westward,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  about  14  miles  above 
Troy.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Hoosac  Tunnel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  on  Deerfield  River,  and  on  the  Fitchburg  (Hoosac 
Tunnel)  Railroad,  135  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Boston,  38  miles 
W.  of  Miller's  Falls,  and  8  miles  E.  of  North  Adams.  It  is 
at  the  E.  end  of  the  tunnel  through  the  Hoosac  Mountain. 

Hoo-Sheoo-Shan,  or  Hon-Cheou-Chan,  hoo*- 
shi-oo'-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Shan-See.  Lat.  39° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  111°  54'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Hoo'sic,  or  Hoosic  Corner,  a  post-village  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Hoosic  River,  in  a  township  of  the 
same  name,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  36  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Albany,  and  8  or  9  miles  W.  of  Bennington,  Vt. 
It  has  2  churches  and  about  30  houses.  The  township  con- 
tains Hoosic  Falls.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  10,471. 

Hoosic  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hoosic  River,  in  Hoosic  township,  and  on  the  Troy 
&  Boston  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  and  21  miles 
N.W.  of  North  Adams.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  grist-mill,  iron-foun- 
dries, and  manufactures  of  reapers,  mowing-machines,  and 
potato-diggers.     Pop.  in  1890,  7014. 

Hoosic  Junction,  a  station  in  Rensselaer  oo,,  N.Y., 
at  the  junction  of  the  Troy  A  Bennington  Branch  with  the 
main  line  of  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Hoosic  Falls. 

Hoosier  Prairie,  hoo'zh^r  prS'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Clay  CO.,  111.,  in  Hoosier  Prairie  township,  6  miles  E.  of 
Louisville.    The  township  contains  4  churches.     Pop.  1179. 

Hoosierrille,  hoo'zh§r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co., 
Ind.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Brazil.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hoo'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Lo- 
gansport.     It  has  a  large  saw-mill. 

Hoover  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,on 
the  Uharee  River.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill, 
(iold  is  found  near  it. 

Hoover's,  a  former  post-office  and  station  of  Hampton 
30.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about  1 
mile  from  the  present  village  of  Hampton  Court-House. 

Hoo'versburg,  a  post-office  of  Miami  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
IS  miles  N.  of  Peru. 


Hoo'ver's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Hoo'versville,  or  Jes'sup's,  a  village  of  Ann« 
Arundel  co.,  Md.,  at  Jessup's  Railroad  Station,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  200. 
Here  is  Jessup's  Post-Office. 

Hooversville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Stony  Creek,  14  miles  S.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  flonr- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Hooverton,  Pennsylvania.    See  Hartranft. 

Hopat'cong,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  Hopatcong  Lake,  at  Nolan's  Point,  4 
miles  N.  of  Drakesville,  and  50  miles  W.N.  W.  of  New  York. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Ogden  Mine  Railroad. 

Hopatcong  Lake,  New  Jersey,  is  in  the  S.  part  of 
Sussex  CO.,  and  touches  the  W.  border  of  Morris  oo.  It  is 
nearly  7  miles  long.     Its  outlet  is  the  Musconetcong  River. 

Hop  Bottom,  or  Fos'ter,  a  post-village  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Soranton.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
lumber-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about  400.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Hop  Bottom. 

Hope,  or  Eas'tyn,  a  borough  of  Wales,  oo.  of  Flint, 
on  the  Alen,  6  miles  S'.E.  of  Mold.     The  town  has  an  an- 
cient church,  and  ruins  of  a  castle  built  prior  to  the  con 
quest  of  Wales  by  Edward  I.     Pop.  of  parish,  3516. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Texarkana.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  cotton-compress,  a  foundry, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  189U,  1937. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Kootenai  co.,  Idaho,  57  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Rathdrum.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper  office. 

Hope,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  eo.,  III.,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Fitbian. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind.,  on  Haw 
Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
tile-faotory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  661. 

Hope,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dickinson  co., 
Kansas,  21  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Abilene.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  632. 

Hope,  a  post-town  of  Knox  oo..  Me.,  about  10  miles  N. 
of  Rockland,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Penobscot  Bay.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  furniture-factory,  a  canning-factory,  Ao.  Pop. 
in  1390,641. 

Hope,  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Midland.     It  has  lumber-  and  shingle-mills. 

Hope,  a  post-villuge  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Belvidere.    It  has  4  churches,  a  machine-shop,  Ao. 

Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Sacondaga  River,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Northville.  It 
has  ft  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  560. 

Hope,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Steele  co.,  N.D., 
30  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ripon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  116. 

Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in  Plain  town- 
ship, about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hope,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  8  miles  N.  of 
Waynesburg. 

Hope,  a  station  on  the  .Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Provi 
dence.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  578. 

Hope,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  oo.,  S.C.  Pop.  1591. 
It  contains  Gourdin's  Station  and  Greeleyville. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Cuero.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Hope,  York  CO.,  Ontario.     See  Sharon. 

Hope,  a  township  in  the  county  of  Bonaventure,  Quebec, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  9  miles  from 
Paspebiao.  It  contains  several  mills.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  which  on  this  coast  ar» 
extensive.     Pop.  1459. 

Hope  Bay,  a  village  and  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Antonio.     Pop.  225. 

Hope  Church,  or  Six  Mile  Ferry,  a  post-village 
of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  Baldwin  township,  on  the  Monon- 
gahela  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  Pop.  about  450.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Hope  Church.   Here  are  coal-mines. 

Hope'dale,  a  post-office  of  Desha  oo..  Ark. 

Hopedale,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  in  Hope- 
dale  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad  (Jackson- 
ville division),  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bloomington,  and  1 6 
miles  S.E.  of  Pekin.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  t 


HOP 


1423 


HOP 


bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  a  brick-yard. 
Pop.  471 ;  of  the  township,  1409. 

Hopedale,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Worcester,  and  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston-  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  of  Hopedale  township,  1176. 

Hopedale,  a  post- village  of  Harrison  oo.,  0.,  in  Greene 
township,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Steubenville,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.  It  contains  a  normal  school,  ;-! 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  424. 

Hopedale  (Ger.  Hoffenthal,  hoff^n-tir),  a  post  and 
Moravian  missionary  station  on  the  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lat.  55°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  16'  W.     Pop.  283. 

Hope  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Northville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Hopefield,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Mem- 
phis, from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mississippi  River. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Hope'ful,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  V». 

Hope  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Chilli- 
oothe.     It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Hope  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Hope  Hull,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 

Hope  Island,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Spitzbergen,  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  76°  20'  N.,  Ion.  19°  54'  E. 

Hope  Islands,  a  group  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia. 

Hope  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Hope  Mills,  Page  co.,  Va.    See  Springfield. 

Hope  Nose,  England,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Devonshire, 
bounds  Torbay  on  the  N. 

Hope  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  21  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

Hope  River,  Jamaica,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kingston.     Length,  10  miles. 

Hope's  Advance  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Labrador, 
is  in  lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  70°  W. 

Hope  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Alston. 

Hope'ton,  a  post-village  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Merced  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Hopeton,  a  station  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  Valley 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe. 

Hope  Town,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  on  the 
Orange  River,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Griqua  Town. 

Hope  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Wood  River,  opposite  Locust- 
ville,  and  at  the  terminus  of  the  Wood  River  Railroad,  5J 
miles  N.  of  Richmond  Switch,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of 
Newport.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
machine-works,  and  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Hope  Vil'la,  a  post-village  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish.  La.,  on  Manchao  Bayou,  21  miles  N.  of  Donaldson- 
ville. 

Hope  Village,  Rhode  Island.    See  Hope. 

Hope'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  in  Doyle 
township,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Osceola.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  furniture. 

Hopeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Wall  township,  3  miles  from  Ocean  Beach  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  store. 

Hopeville,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  Va. 

Hopeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  38 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Hope'well,  a  township  of  Marshall  eo.,  Dl.,  on  the 
Illinois  River.     Pop.  763. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Ottumwa. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grayson. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  32  miles 
E.  of  Grenada. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  bor- 
dering on  the  navigable  Cohansey  Creek.     Pop.  1857. 

Hopewell,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township,  Mer- 
cer CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Mercer  <k  Somerset  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  female  seminary. 
The  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Pennington,  and 
one  named  Titusville.     Pop.  in  1890,  4438. 


Hopewell,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Spart* 
township,  3i  miles  W.  of  Oak  Ridge  Station. 

Hopewell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  m 
Hopewell  township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Canandaigua.  The  township  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1825. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N.C,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Licking  oo.,  0.  Pop.  100». 
It  contains  a  part  of  Gratiot. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  894. 

Hopewell,  a  post-township  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0. 
Pop.  1763.  It  contains  the  village  of  Mount  Sterling, 
where  is  Hopewell  Post-Office. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1260. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  1370. 
It  contains  Bascom. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1015.    It  has  beds  of  coal. 

Hopewell,  a  post-village  in  Broad  Top  township,  Bed- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  3  churches,  an  iron-furnace, 
and  a  machine-shop. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  1078. 
Its  E.  border  is  washed  by  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the 
Juniata. 

Hopewell,  a  hamlet  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Springfield  Railroad  Station.  Here  are 
the  Hopewell  Iron-AVorks. 

Hopewell,  a  borough  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  <fec.  Pop.  268.  Her* 
is  Hopewell  Cotton-Works  Post-Office. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.     P.977. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     P.  412. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
804.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.,  bordering  on 
Maryland.  Pop.  3830.  It  contains  Stewartstown,  Hope- 
well Centre,  &c. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     P.  1296. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C.     P.  293. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C,  about  70 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbia. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hope'well ,  a  post- village  in  Albert  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  Shepody  Bay,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  150. 

Hopewell,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  oo..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  17  miles  S.  of  Pictou.  It 
contains  4  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  spool-factory,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  200. 

Hopewell  Academy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.. 
Mo.,  10  miles  S.  of  Warrenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Hopewell  Cape,  the  chief  town  of  Albert  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Petitcodiac  River,  at  the 
head  of  Shepody  Bay,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.  It  con- 
tains several  ship-yards  and  stores,  and  the  county  build- 
ings.    Pop.  500. 

Hopewell  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  E.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Hopewell  Centre,  a  post-office  of  York  oo.,  i'a., 
about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Hopewell  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Albert  cu., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Shepody  Bay,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Salis- 
bury.    It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Albert  Railway.     Pop.  250. 

Hopewell  Cotton- Works,  Pa.    See  Hopewell. 

HopcAvell  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Hopewell  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 66  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
smelting-fumace  for  lead,  and  mines  of  lead  and  zinc. 

Hopewell  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  Shepody  Bay,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury 
Pop.  500. 

Hopewell  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  ou., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Newburg,  Dutchess  k  Connecticut  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad, 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hopewell  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  15  miles  E.  of  Sweetwater.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  high  school. 

Hopital,  L',  France.    See  Albert- Ville. 

Hop'kins,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  haa 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Pond  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tradewater  River 


HOP 


1424 


HOR 


The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  nork,  and  grass 
are  the  stifle  products.  This  county  has  oeds  of  bitumi- 
noos  coal.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Newport  News  A  Missis- 
sippi River  Railroad  and  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Madisonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,827;  in 
1880,  19,122;  in  1890,  23,505. 

HopkinSf  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  750  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sulphur 
Fork  of  Red  River  and  by  White  Oak  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  moderately  uneven.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  cattle, 
maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Line  A  Red  River  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  A  South- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Sulphur  Springs.  Pop.  in 
1870,12.651;  in  1880,  15,461;  in  1890,  20,572. 

Hopkins,  a  post-township  of  Allegan  oo.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1821.     It  contains  Hopkins  Station. 

Hopkins,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines. 
Pop.  800. 

Hopkins,  a  post- village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  which 
here  connects  with  the  Creston  Branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph, 
and  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bedford,  Iowa.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  4  churches,  Ac.  Pop.  846. 
Hopkins'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hopkins  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Foster  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  16  miles  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  69.     Here  is  South  Foster  Post-Office. 

Hopkins  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  railroad  between  Allegan  and  Grand  Rapids,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Allegan.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Hopkins  Tnrnoat,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  S.C, 
at  Hopkins  Station  on  the  South  Carolina  Railrosid,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Hop'kinsville,a  city,  capital  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Little  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad, 
74  miles  S.  of  Henderson,  and  71  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches,  an  asylum 
for  the  insane,  founded  by  the  state,  4  banks,  4  newspaper 
offices,  2  female  colleges,  an  academy  for  boys,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  wagons,  ice,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  5833. 

Hopkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamilton  township, 
Warren  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  South  Lebanon.  It  has  a  churcn. 
Hop'kinton,  a  post-village  in  South  Fork  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa 
River,  and  on  the  Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  74  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  about  35  miles  WiJ.W.  of  Du- 
buque. It  has  the  Lenox  Collegiate  Institute,  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  668. 

Hopkinton,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  15  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  boots.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  4503. 

Hopkinton,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Contoocook  River,  8  miles  W.  of  Concord. 
It  bas  4  churches,  common  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  silk- 
mill,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  butter. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1817. 

Hopkinton,  a  poet-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
8t.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  St.  Regis  River,  about  40 
miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  starch- 
factory.  Pop.  200.  The  township  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests,  and  is  about  40  miles  long.     Pop.  1956. 

Hopkinton,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  4  miles  W.  of  Woodville  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  4  churches  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pop. 
115.  The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  Wood  River,  and  S.  by 
Charles  River,  and  contains  also  villages  named  Ashaway, 
Hope  Valley,  Woodville,  and  Locustville.     Pop.  2760. 

Hop'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  near 
Russian  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a 
church.     Many  hops  are  grown  here. 

Hop'penville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.. 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  e>         j       ,        y 

Hop'per's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  III., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Monmouth,     It  has  a  church 

Hop'pertown,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  oo.,  Mich.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junction. 


Hop'ping,  a  station  in  Monmoath  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Port 
Monmouth  Branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad, 
1^  miles  S.  of  Port  Monmouth. 

Hop  River,  a  small  stream  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  fall* 
into  the  Willimantic  River. 

Hop  River,  a  station  in  Tolland  oo..  Conn.,  on  the 
Hartford,  Providenoe  A  Fiahkill  Railroad,  5  milea  W.  of 
Willimantic. 

Hoqniam,  ho'kwe-fm,  a  paat-village  of  Chehalis  oo.,. 
Washington,  14  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Montaaano.  It  haa  S- 
churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  saw-milla,  Ae.  Pop. 
1302. 

Hoqniam  (or  Hoqniam)  River,  Chehalis  oo.,  Wash- 
ington, rans  S.W.,  and  enters  Gray's  Harbor. 

Hor,  a  mountain  of  Arabia  Petrsea,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Arabah,  between  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Akabah,  forming  part  of  Mount  Seir.  On  the 
loftiest  of  its  3  peaks  is  the  reputed  tomb  of  Aaron. 

Hor'ace,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  oo..  111.,  on  the  Paris  ik 
Danville  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Paris.     Here  is  a  churoh.^ 

Horace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  in  Oreelej 
township,  7  miles  from  Exira. 

Horace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Case  co.,  N.D.,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Fargo. 

Horatio,  ho-rS'sho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  oo.,  0.,  1ft 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Piqna.     It  bas  a  oburch. 

Horatio,  a  post-village  of  JefTeraon  oo.,  Pa.,  11  milee 
by  rail  W.  of  Winslow.     It  bas  2  cbarcbee,  coal-mines,  Ac 

Horaxdiowitz,  ho-rix-de-o'#its,  or  Horawitz,  ho'- 
r&-^itB,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  63  miles  S.8.W.  of  Prague.  Pop. 
2679.     It  has  paper-mills,  and  manafaotores  of  cloth,  Ac. 

Herb,  hoab,  a  town  of  Wiirtambarg,  Black  Forest,  on 
the  Neckar,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  2043.  It  baa 
a  castle  and  a  rich  boepital. 

Hor'bnry,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  3  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Wakefield.     Pop.  of  township,  3977. 

HorciO&da,or  Horcaxada,  oR-ki-B&'oi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Caeooa,  60  miles  S.K  of  Madrid. 

Horcajo  de  SantiflkCO,  OR-ki'ao  di  ain-te-i'go,  a 
town  of  Spain,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenoa.     Pop.  2667. 

Horcasitaa,  on-ki  seo'tAa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tamaulipas,  70  miles  S.  of  Nnevo  Santander. 

Horcera,  OR-thi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  60 
milee  from  Jaen,  W.  of  the  Sierra  de  PeBolta. 

Horche,  boR'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  7 
miles  from  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1881. 

Hord,  or  Hoard,  hOrd,a  poet-bamlet  of  Clay  oo,,  HI.^ 
about  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Hdrdt,  bdRtt  (almost  bJRt),  a  village  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1533. 

Horeb,  ho'r£b,  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  in  the  peninsula 
of  Sinai,  forming  the  N.  end  of  the  ridge.    See  Sinai. 

Ho'reb,  a  poet-office  of  Pope  oo.,  Minn. 

Horeb,  a  iwet-bamlet  of  Bedford  oo.,  Ya.,  9  milea  S.W. 
of  Liberty.     It  has  a  church. 

Horgen,  boB'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Zurich,  on  the  W.  shore  of  its  lake,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurioh. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silks  and  cotton  stuffs.     Pop.  5199. 

Horice,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Horitc. 

Hor'icon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co,,  Minn.,  in  Rut- 
land township,  15  milee  W.8.W.  of  Winnebago. 

Horicon,or  South  Horicon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hor- 
icon  township,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schroon  River,  20  milee 
W.N.  W.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  The 
township  is  mountainous.     Pop.  of  township,  1543. 

Horicon,  a  post- village  in  Hubbard  township,  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  St.  Paul  division,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Oshkosh  Branch,  at  the  S.  end  or  outlet  of  Horicon  Lake, 
28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fond  du  Lao,  and  54  miles  N.W.  of 
Milwaukee.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
manufactories  of  broad-cast  seed-aowers.     Pop.  1190. 

Horicon  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Horicon  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Riverside  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  tannery. 

Horicon  Lake,  New  York.     See  Lake  George. 

Horicon  Lake,  Wisconsin,  formerly  called  Winne- 
bago Marsh,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Dodge  co.,  and  touches 
the  S.  part  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.  It  is  about  15  miles  long 
and  6  miles  wide,  and  discharges  its  surplus  water  by  Rock 
River,  which  issues  from  the  S.  end  of  tne  lake. 

Horine  (ho'rin)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson 
00.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Rail- 
road, 29  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
quarry  of  white  sand  used  in  the  mantifacture  of  glass. 

Horitz,  or  Horice,  ho'rits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Bidsohow,  on  the  Bistritz.     Pop.  5681. 


HOR 


1425 


HOR 


Hormooz,  or  Hormnz,  Persia.     See  Ormtts. 

Horn,  hoRD,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  46  miles  N.W.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  2138. 

Horn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lippe,  10  miles  S.  of 
Lemgo.     Pop.  1717. 

Horn,  hoRn,  or  Home,  hoR'n^h  (Fr.  Homes,  hoRn), 
a  Tillage  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  2  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Roermond.     Pop.  949. 

Horn,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  N.  of 
"  Newton. 

Hornachos,  oR-n&'ohoce,  formerly  Homos,  oR'noce, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  soap,  Ac.    Pop.  3705. 

Horn-Afvan,  hoRn-ifv&n,  an  extensive  lake  in 
Swedish  Lapland,  aboat  lat.  66°  N.  and  between  Ion.  16° 
and  18°  E.  Length,  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  50  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  Golf  of 
Bothnia  by  the  river  Skelleftei. 

Hombach,  hoRn'b&K,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Ned,  noi,  two 
contiguous  villages  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Hombach 
River,  5  miles  S.  of  Deux-Ponts.     United  pop.  1803. 

Hornber^,  hoRn'b^RG,  a  town  of  Baden,  in  the  Black 
Forest,  23  miles  N.B.  of  Freiburg,  with  an  old  castle. 
Pop.  2234. 

Morn'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.,  and  3  miles  above  Towanda.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
quarry  of  flagstone. 

Hornburg^,  hoRn'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2455. 

Horn'by,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  the 
Wenning,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lune,  9  miles  E.N.B.  of 
Lancaster. 

Horn'by,  a  post-village  in  Hornby  township,  Stenben 
CO.,  N.T.,  8  miles  N.  of  Coming,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Elmira.  It  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill,  2  wagon-shops,  and 
2  shingle-mills.  The  local  name  of  the  village  is  Hornby 
Forks.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1317. 

Horn,  Cape,  South  Am'erica.    See  Cape  Horn. 

Horn'castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  is  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  river 
Bane,  which  is  navigable.  The  town  has  remains  of 
Roman  fortifications,  a  church,  a  grammar-school,  a  work- 
house, a  branch  bank,  Ac,  with  tanneries.     Pop.  4865. 

Home,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Horn. 

Hornebarg,  hoR'n^h-bSdRC^,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stade.     Pop.  1570. 

Hor'nellsville,  a  city  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canisteo  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  332  miles  W.N.W. 
of  New  York,  91  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  about  60 
miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  two  divi- 
sions of  the  railroad,  one  of  which  terminates  at  Buffalo 
and  the  other  at  Dunkirk.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  con- 
vent, 2  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  a  public  library  of 
10,000  volumes,  a  free  academy,  a  business  college,  railroad 
repair-shops,  3  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  mowing-machines,  electric  supplies,  fur- 
niture, wire  fencing,  "Jersey"  fabric,  gloves,  silk  goods, 
leather,  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,996. 

Hor'nerstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Hightstown  and  Pemberton,  10  miles 
S.  of  Hightstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Hor'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.,  60 
miles  S.  of  Dexter. 

Homes,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Horn. 

Homhansen,  hoRu'hdw^z^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3049. 

Horn'head,  a  bold,  rocky  promontory  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  between  Dunfanaghy  Harbor  and 
the  Atlantic. 

Horn'ing's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Nottawasaga  River,  and  on  the  Toronto, 
Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  20  miles  N.  of  Orangeville.  It  has 
2  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  150. 

Hornitos,  or  Homitas,  hor-nee't9s,  a  post-village 
of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Mariposa.  It  has 
5  general  stores.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Horn  Lake,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  2  churches  and  10  stores. 

Homos,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Hornachos. 

Homos  (hoR'noce  or  oR'noce)  Islands,  a  group  of  8 
islets  in  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Hornoy,  hoR'nwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  20 
miles  W.S  W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1083. 

Horusborough,  homz'bur-rilb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ches- 


terfield CO.,  S.C,  15  miles  S.  of  Beaver  Dam,  N.C.  It  has  s 
church. 

Homsby,  homz'be,  a  post-office  of  Macoupin  oo..  111., 
at  Clyde  Station  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
50  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Horn's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Ozaukee  co..  Wis. 

Horns  Creek,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  1945. 

Horn's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co.,  Ga. 

Horn'sea,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East 
Riding,  on  the  North  Sea,  14  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Hull.     It  is  much  frequented  as  a  watering-place. 

Hom'sey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  New  River,  5^  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It 
has  many  handsome  mansions,  and  an  interesting  church 
built  in  the  sixteenth  century.     Pop.  11,746. 

Horn's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Concord. 

Horn's  Pier,  a  post-village  of  Door  oo..  Wis.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Horn's  Siding,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Erie. 

Horn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

Horn'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  sea,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Crisfield,  Md.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Hornn,  noR^nii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  9 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mons.  Pop.  5550,  forming  a  colony  of 
miners.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Horodenka,  ho-ro-den'k&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gali- 
cia.  24  miles  N.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  8824. 

Horodlo,  ho-rod'lo,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Lublin,  on 
the  Bug,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zamosz.     Pop.  1400. 

Horodnia,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gorodxia. 

Horowitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  HoRzowrrz. 

Horrea  Celia,  the  ancient  name  of  Zaxora. 

Horr's  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 
about  28  miles  E.  of  Modesto.     It  has  a  church. 

Hdrrstein,  or  Hdrstein,  hoR'stine,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Lower  Franconia,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aschaffenburg. 

Horrnes,  hoR^Rii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2700. 

Horry,  or^ree',  the  most  eastern  county  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  980  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Little  Pedee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Waccamaw 
River.  The  Great  Pedee  also  touches  its  S.W.  border.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  marshes 
and  extensive  forests  of  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy. 
Rice,  Indian  com,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  The  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad 
touches  the  N.  extremity  of  this  county,  and  the  Atlantic 
Coast  Line  traverses  it.  Capital,  Conway.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,721 ;  in  1880,  15,574;  in  1890,  19,256. 

Horschitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Horitz. 

Hor'sea  Island,  a  small  island  in  Portsmouth  harbor, 
England,  1  mile  E.  of  Porchester. 

Horse  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  oo.,  Ky.,  on  tiie 
Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  96  milen 
S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Horse  Cave,  a  station  in  Hart  co.,  Ky.     See  Caverna. 

Horse  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  N.C. 

Horse  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  14 
miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  105. 

Horse  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  Jefferson  co.,  and  enters  the  Skillet  Fork 
in  Wayne  co. 

Horse  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Dade  co.,  and  mm 
N.W.  into  Barton  co.,  from  which  it  flows  N.E.  in  Cedar  co. 
until  it  enters  Sac  River.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Horse  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Lara- 
mie CO.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of 
the  Platte  River  in  Lyon  co..  Neb.,  about  2  miles  from  the 
W.  boundary  of  Nebraska. 

Horse  Creek,  or  Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Barton  co.. 
Mo.,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  churches.  Hero 
is  Newport  Post-Office. 

Horse  Creek,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  597. 

Horse  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C,  10 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Jefferson.     Pop.  813. 

Horse  Creek,  a  station  in  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on  th« 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hamburg. 

Horse  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
about  7  miles  E.  of  Greeneville. 

Horse  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Horse'head  Creek,  a  station  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark^ 


HOB 


1426 


HOS 


on  the  Little  Rock  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  57  miles  B.  of 
Fort  Smith. 

Horse'heads,  a  poat-village  of  Chemung  oc,  N.Y.,  in 
Horseheads  township,  on  the  Chemung  Canal,  the  Utica, 
Ithaca  &  Blmira  Railroad,  and  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 6  or  6  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  a  union  school,  6  churches,  iron- works,  a  tan- 
nery, a  brick-yard,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  bridges, 
and  shoes.  The  Chemung  navigable  feeder  extends  from 
this  point  to  Corning.     Pop.  in  1890,  1716. 

Horse  Island,  in  Lake  Ontario,  and  in  JefiFerson  co., 
N.Y.,  has  an  area  of  27  acres.  It  is  2  miles  from  Sackett's 
Harbor,  and  has  a  light-house. 

Horse  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  Huron,  S.E.  of 
Great  Manitoulin  Island. 

Horsel,  hSn's^l,  or  Hersel,  hfiK's^l,  a  river  of  Ger- 
many, rises  in  the  principality  of  Gotha,  and,  after  a  N.  and 
W.  course  of  25  miles,  joins  the  Werra  4  miles  S.  of  Ereuz- 
burg.    Eisenach  is  on  its  banks. 

Horselberg,  hoR's^l-bfiRG^  a  mountain-range  of  Ger- 
many, between  Eisenach  and  Kreuzburg,  1540  feet  high. 

Horseley's  (hCrss'liz)  Landing,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Nel- 
son CO.,  Va.,  on  James  River,  25  miles  below  Lynchburg. 

Hor'sen,  or  Horsens,  hoR's^ns,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  Jutland,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aarhuus,  on  the  Hor- 
iens-Fiord.  Pop.  10,501.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
churches,  2  market-places,  a  good  harbor,  and  an  export 
trade  in  corn  and  tallow. 

Horse  Pas'ture,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ya.,  32 
miles  N.W.  of  Reidsville,  N.C.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tobacco-factory.   ' 

Horse  Plains,  a  post-ofSce  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana. 

Horse  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head 
eo.,  Montana. 

Horse  Shoe,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  oo.,  N.C. 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Bois^  co.,  Idaho. 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Tenn. 

Horse  Shoe  Bottom,  apost-office  of  Russell  oo.,  Ey., 
on  the  Cumberland  River. 

Horse  Shoe  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Caney  Fork,  10  miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  the  South  Park.  Altitude,  13,842  feet  above  the 
sea-level.     It  is  formed  of  granite  and  stratified  quartiite. 

Horse  Shoe  Run,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hor'sey  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Essex,  England,  is 
4i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harwich. 

Horsham,  hors'am,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Sus- 
sex, on  the  Adur,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Chichester,  and  37  miles 
S.S.W.  of  London,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  vener- 
able parish  church,  a  grammar-school,  a  handsome  town 
hall  and  court-house,  a  county  jail,  a  workhouse,  a  market- 
house,  and  a  bank.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  10,741. 

Hors'ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Horsham  township,  16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
Friends'  meeting.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  North- 
east Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  contains  Prospeotville. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1382. 

Horst,  hoRst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
18  miles  N.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  3735. 

Horst,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  8  miles  E.  of 
Gliickstadt,  on  the  Kiel  &  Altona  Railway.     Pop.  2030. 

Horstein,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  HSrrstbin. 

Horstmar,  hoRst'maR,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 16  miles  N.W.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1509. 

Horta,  OK'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Tarragona,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2263. 

Horta,  oR'ti,  or  San  Gines  de  Agudells  de 
Horta,  s4n  Hee'nis  di  i-goo-nSis  di  oR'ti,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  4  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1855. 

Horta,  hoR'ti  or  OR'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Azores, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Fayal,  on  its  S.E.  coast.  Pop.  7636. 
It  is  pretty  well  built,  though  very  irregularly  laid  out. 

Horten,  hon't^n,  a  town  of  Norway,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Christiania,  opposite  Moss,  32  miles  S.  of  Christiania.  It  is 
the  chief  naval  port  of  the  kingdom  and  station  of  the 
fleet,  and  has  an  arsenal  and  building-yards.     Pop.  6192. 

HorHense',  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lake  co.. 
Col.,  80  miles  from  Canon  City. 

Horton,  or  Great  Horton,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Bradford,  of  which 
it  forms  a  suburb.     Pop.  40,725. 

Hor'ton,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co,,  Iowa,  in  Polk 
township,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charles  City,  and  1  mile 
B.  of  the  Cedar  River.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


Horton,  a  city  of  Brown  co.,  Eansas,  27  miles  by  mil 
W.S.W.  of  Troy,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Hiawatha.  It 
has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  railroad  car 
building  and  repair-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  3316. 

Horton,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.     See  Baldwin's. 

Hor'ton,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  Kings  co.,  on 
an  arm  of  Minas  Basin,  opposite  Cornwallis,  63  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Halifax.     See  Grand  Pr^. 

Horto'nia,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.  Wis.,  bounded 
N.  by  AVolf  River.     Pop.  1095.     It  contains  Hortonville. 

Hor'ton  Land'ing,  a  post-village  in  Eings  co..  Nova  - 
Scotia,  on  Gaspereaux  River,  and  on  the  Windsor  &  An- 
napolis Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.     Steamers  run 
between  here  and  Parrsborough.     Pop.  200. 

Hor'ton  River,  in  East  Australia,  flows  N.,  and  joint 
Qwydir  River  in  lat.  29°  45'  S.,  Ion.  150°  50'  E. 

Horton's,  a  station  in  Pike  oo.,  HI.,  on  the  Quinoy, 
Alton  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Horton's,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Suithport. 

Horton's  Store,  post-office.  Prince  William  co.,  Va. 

Hor'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Del- 
aware township,  2  miles  from  Callicoon  Depot.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  straw-paper-mill. 

Hortonville,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland. 

Hortonville,  a  post-village  of  Outagamie  oo.,  Wis.,  oa 
the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  14  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-  and 
planing-mill,  a  creamery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  440. 

Horv&th  Otsx&gf  the  native  name  of  Croatia. 

Horzitz,  or  Horzicze,  Bohemia.     See  Horitz. 

Horzowitz,  hoR'zo-^^its',  or  Horowitz,  ho'ro-*its', 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Beraun.  Pop. 
3119,  engaged  in  mines  of  iron,  coal,  silver,  and  mercury, 
and  in  manufactures. 

Hosch's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ga. 

Hosensack,  ho'z^n-sak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  in  Lower  Milford  township,  J  mile  from  the  Perkiomen 
Railroad.     Hosensack  Station  is  15  miles  S.  of  AUentown. 

HoshUarpoor',  or  Hushiarpnr,  hoosh^e-ar-poor', 
a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Hoshiarpoor  district,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Jullinder.     Pop.  12,964. 

Hoshiarpoor,  or  Hushiarpur,  a  district  of  India, 
in  the  Jullinder  division  of  the  Punjab,  lying  between  the 
Beas  and  the  Sutlej.  Area,  2086^  square  miles.  Capital, 
Hoshiarpoor.     Pop.  938,890. 

Hosnungabad,  or  Hoshangabad,  ho-shang'&- 
b&d',  written  also  Hosungabad,  Hoseinabad,  Hu8> 
singabad,  Hoshingabad,  and  Hussangabad,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Hoshungabad  district,  on  the 
Nerbudda  River,  68  miles  N.  of  Baitool.     Pop.  13,070. 

Hoshungabad,  a  district  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
in  the  Nerbudda  division.  Area,  4376  square  miles.  It  is 
very  fertile,  and  in  part  level ;  but  the  hill-country  is 
densely  timbered.     Capital,  Hoshungabad.     Pop.  440,186. 

Hos'kins,  a  station  in  Simsbury  township,  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  13J  miles 
from  Hartford. 

Hoskins,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
from  Sioux  City. 

Hos'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  oo.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Hosmer,  hoz'm^r,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  about  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Vincennes. 

Hos'per,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sioux  City.     It  has  a  church,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Hos^pett',  or  Hospet'ta,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  9845. 

Hos'pital,  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Limerick,  11  miles  W.  of  Tipperary. 

Hospitalet,  os-pe-Ul-l£t'  (formerly  Santa  Eulalia 
de  Provensana,  s&n't&  i^oo-I&'le-S,  di  pro-vin-s&'n&),  a 
town  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2800. 

Hos'pital  Island,  an  island  in  the  river  Richelieu, 
Quebec,  below  Ash  Island. 

Hoss-Znhetin,  Hungary.    See  HETENY-Hoztu. 

Host,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Hostalrich,  os-til-reek',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  1377. 

Hostau,  hos'tCw,  or  Hos'tow(L.  Ho»tovium),&  town 
of  Bohemia,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1205. 

Hostaun,  hos'tSwn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  S.W. 
of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1215. 

Hoste  (os'ti)  Island,  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  between 
lat.  65°  and   55°  40'  S.  and  Ion.  68°  and  70°  W..  90  miles 


HOS 


1427 


HOU 


in  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  by  50  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
It  is  separated  eastward  from  Nararin  Island  by  Ponsonby 
Sound. 

HosterlitZ)  hos't^r-lits^  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles 
8.W.  of  BrUnn.     Pop.  1600. 

Hostilia,  the  anoient  name  of  Ostiglia. 

HostomitZy  hos'to-mits\  or  Hostonitz,  hos'to-nits\ 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2429. 

Hostow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Hostau. 

Hosungabadf  a  town  of  India.     See  Hoshunoabad. 

Ho8ZSzninez5,  ho8^soo^m4'zo\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  970. 

Hoszszu-Szer,  hoa^soo^-saiR',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Aba-Uj-Var,  on  the  Hernad,  3  miles  from  Kaachau. 

Hotch'kissTille,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  in  Woodbury  township,  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Waterbury.  It  has  manufactures  of  pocket-cutlery,  paper 
board,  and  woollens. 

Hot  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 

Hotel',  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C,     Pop.  709. 

Hotel  Road,  Maine.     See  Lewiston  Junction. 

Hoteusleben,  ho't^ns-li^b^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  26  miles  W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2941. 

Hot  Ground,  New  York.    See  Ancram  Lead-Mine. 

Ho'tham,  a  town  of  Victoria,  forming  a  northwestern 
suburb  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  13,491. 

Hother,  a  village  of  Denmark.     See  Hoier. 

Hot  House,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Hot  House,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Hot  Spring,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Ar- 
kansas, has  an  area  estimated  at  626  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Ouachita  River.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  hick- 
ory, chestnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  has  deposits 
of  magnetic  iron  ore,  and  quarries  of  excellent  oil-stone 
(novaoulite).  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  and  the  Hot  Springs  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Malvern.  Pop.  in  1870,  5877;  in  1880, 
7775;  in  1890,  11,603. 

Hot  Spring  Lake,  a  lake  3  miles  N.W.  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  is  fed  by  hot  springs.     Length,  3  miles. 

Hot  Springs,  a  post-village  and  health  resort,  capital 
of  Garland  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad,  about 
66  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  5  miles  E.  of  the  Oua- 
chita River.  It  is  situated  in  a  narrow  valley,  about  1000 
yards  long,  between  two  ridges,  and  has  numerous  (150) 
hot  springs,  which  are  celebrated  for  the  cure  of  chronic 
diseases.  The  temperature  of  these  springs  varies  from  100° 
to  148°  Fahr.  The  water  holds  carbonic  acid  and  several 
carbonates  in  solution.  Fine  novaculite,  or  oil-stone,  is  found 
at  this  place.  It  has  3  newspapers,  18  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  oil-stones.  The  Army  and  Navy  General  Hos- 
pital situated  here  is  one  of  the  chief  features  of  interest. 
Pop.  in  1890,  8086.  . 

Hot  Springs,  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cali- 
ente  Station,  is  a  place  of  resort  for  invalids. 

Hot  Springs,  a  station  in  Carson  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  N.B.  of  Wadsworth. 

Hot  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fall  River  co., 
S.D.,  35  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Rapid  City.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  &o.     Pop.  1423. 

Hot  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Bath 
CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  a  valley,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coving- 
ton, and  about  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  is  sur- 
rounded with  beautiful  mountain-scenery,  and  has  several 
springs  (100°  Fahr.)  which  are  esteemed  as  a  remedy  for 
dyspepsia  and  afi"ections  of  the  liver.  The  water  contains 
sulphates  and  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia. 

Hot  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Grand 
CO.,  Col.,  on  Grand  River,  in  the  Middle  Park,  about  90 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Denver.  It  has  warm  springs,  which  con- 
tain sulphur,  magnesia,  <fcc.  Silver,  coal,  and  salt  are  said 
to  be  found  here. 

Hottbns,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Cottbus. 

Hot'tentots,  a  peculiar  African  race,  the  aboriginal 
occupants  of  the  S.  end  of  that  continent,  at  and  near  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Their  limits  may  be  said,  in  general 
terms,  to  have  been  the  river  Orange  on  the  N.  and  N.E., 
and  the  Key  on  the  E. ;  but  the  E.  boundary  appears  to 
have  been  fluctuating,  and,  owing  to  their  mixture  with  the 
KaflFre  race,  not  definable.  On  the  N.W.  they  passed  the 
Orange  and  advanced  N.  and  N.E.  far  into  the  interior. 
The  Hottentots  are  generally  tall  and  meagre,  of  a  pale 
olive  complexion;  their  cheek-bones  project  much,  and  their 
ehins  are  narrow  and  pointed.  They  have  thick  lips,  a  flat 
nose  with  wide  nostrils,  woolly  hair,  and  little  beard.     The 


women  are  often  elegantly  formed  in  early  life,  but  beoome 
hideous.  Both  sexes  are  distinguished  by  excessive  incur- 
vation of  the  spine.  When  the  Dutch  first  settled  at  the 
Cape,  the  Hottentots  were  a  numerous  nation,  of  pastoral 
and  partially  nomadic  habits ;  and  it  is  supposed  that  the 
seven  tribes  into  which  they  were  divided  made  up  together 
a  population  of  at  least  200,000.  At  the  present  day  this 
race  is  nearly  extinct  within  the  wide  territory  which  for- 
merly belonged  to  it ;  and  of  the  100,000  Hottentots,  as  they 
are  called,  now  reckoned  in  the  population  of  the  colony,  there 
are  few,  except  in  the  extreme  N.,  who  understand  the  Hot- 
tentot language.  The  language  of  the  southern  Hoiientots 
at  present  is  the  Cape-Dutch  jargon.  The  Koras,  or  Koran- 
nas  (shoe-wearers),  higher  up  the  river  Orange,  still  remain 
a  favorable  specimen  of  the  pure  Hottentot  race.  The 
Namaquas  dwell  towards  the  mouth  of  the  Orange.  These 
are  much  attached  to  their  country,  and  their  huts  are 
erected  in  the  old  Hottentot  fashion.  The  Bushmen  are 
by  some  regarded  as  of  Hottentot  race.  In  language,  as  in 
physical  characters,  the  Hottentots  appear  to  be  quite  dis- 
tinct from  all  other  races  of  men. 

Hdtting,  nSt'ting,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  province 
of  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  near  Innspruck.     Pop.  3484. 

Hotzenplotz,  hot's^n-plots^  (Moravian,  Osohlaha,  o- 
so-bli'hS.),  a  small  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  26  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Troppau,  on  the  Prussian  frontier.     Pop.  3436. 

Hotzing,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Hatzeg. 

Houat,  hoo'i',  a  small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  peninsula  Quiberon.  Lat 
47°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  56'  W.  It  has  a  fort,  a  small  harbor, 
and  300  inhabitants. 

Hou-Cheon-Chan,  China.    See  Hoo-Sheoo-Sham. 

Houcksville,  hSwks'vil,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Houcktown,  h5wk'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Hancock 
CO.,  0.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Houdain,  hoo^d&N"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  6  miles  S.W.  of  BSthune.     Pop.  1068. 

Houdan,  hooM6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mantes-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1976. 

Houdeng-Aimeries,  hooM6N»'-i^m?h-ree',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the  Tiriau,  10  miles  W.  of  Mons. 
It  has  forges,  tanneries,  and  a  colliery.     Pop.  4000. 

Houdeng-Goegnies,  hooM&N<>'-ghdn^yee',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  near  the  above.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  as  miners.     Pop.  3700. 

Houffalize,  hooffiMeez',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Lux- 
embourg, on  the  Ourthe,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bastogne,  with  a 
ruined  fortress  and  1100  inhabitants. 

Hougaerde,  hoo^giRd',  or  Hoegaerden,  hoo'giR". 
d§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  2i  miles  S.W. 
of  Tirlemont.    It  has  breweries  and  distilleries.    Pop.  3600. 

Hougal,  hdw'g&l,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Belgaum  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  9001. 

Hougnsnnd,  or  Hougsnnd,  hoog'sfind,  a  town  of 
Norway,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Christiania.  It  has  iron-works. 
Pop.  3221. 

Houghton,  ho't9n,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  upper  peninsula,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  by  Sturgeon  River, 
and  contains  Portage  Lake,  which  is  connected  with  Lake 
Superior  by  a  ship-canal.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is 
mostly  uncultivated,  the  inhabitants  being  employed  in 
mining.  The  copper-mines  of  this  county  are  the  richest 
in  the  United  States.  Silver  is  found  here.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Dniuth,  South  Shore  <fc  Atlantic  Railway,  the 
Mineral  Range  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad.  Area,  1000  sq.  miles.  Capital,  Houghton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,879;  in  1880,  22,473;  in  1890,  35,389. 

Houghton,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III.,  is  at 
the  village  of  Schapville. 

Houghton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Houghton  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Portage  Lake,  which  is  connected 
with  Lake  Superior  by  2  government  canals.  It  is  about 
10  miles  from  Lake  Superior,  i  mile  from  Hancock,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  free  bridge,  95  miles  N.W.  of 
Marquette,  and  28  miles  N.  of  L'Anse.  Large  steamboats 
ply  to  the  lake  ports  E.  and  W.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  court-house,  the  Michigan  School  of  Mines, 
a  smelting  company,  soap-works,  2  foundries,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  copper  and  iron,  and  2  steam  saw- 
mills. Here  are  rich  copper-mines,  a  copper-rolling-mill, 
and  several  smelting-furnaces.     Pop.  in  1890,  2062. 

Houghton,  township,  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  189. 

Houghton  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Erie,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Simcoe.     Pop.  200. 


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Houghton  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Caneadea  township,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal, 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  haa  a  cheese-factory  and 
a  saw- mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Houghton  JLake,  or  Roscommon  Lake,  Michi- 
gan, in  Roscommon  co.,  is  about  10  miles  long  and  5  miles 
wide.  The  water  is  discharged  by  the  Muskegon  River, 
which  issues  from  the  N.W.  end  of  the  lake. 

Houghton  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Roscommon 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Houghton  Lake,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Houghton-Ie-Spring,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Durham,  It  has  a  large  cruciform  church, 
containing  the  monument  of  Bernard  Gilpin,  a  grammar- 
ichool,  a  girls'  school,  and  other  charities,  a  mechanics' 
institute,  and  large  coal-mining  interests.     Pop.  5276. 

Houghtonrille,  hs'tpn-vil,  a  post-office  of  Rutland 
CO.,  Vt. 

Hongsnnd,  Norway.    See  HoceHSUKD. 

Hongue,  a  headland  of  France.     See  Capb  La  Hasub. 

Hou-Kouang,  China.    See  Hoo-QnABe. 

Eloulin,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Hulein. 

Houlka,  hQl'ka,  a  post- village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Miss., 
about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Honlton,  hSl'tpn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Aroostook 
CO.,  Me.,  in  Houlton  township,  on  the  New  Brunswick  & 
Canada  Railroad,  about  100  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Ban- 
gor, and  14  miles  W.  of  Woodstock,  New  Brunswick.  It 
has  6  churches,  the  Houlton  Academy,  a  savings-bank,  an 
iron-foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
2  carding-mills,  and  4  saw-mills.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4015. 

Houma,  hoo'ma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Terre  Bonne 
parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Terre  Bonne,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  8.  by  E.  of  Schriever, 
and  about  70  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It 
has  7  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  an  ice- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1280. 

Hou-Nan,  a  province  of  China.     See  Hoo-Nan. 

Hounsfield,  hCwnz'fggld,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.     Pop.  2651. 

Honnslow,  hSwnz'lo,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Mid- 
ilesez,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Brentford.  Hounslow  Heath, 
noted  in  ancient  times  for  tournaments  and  military  en- 
campments and  in  modem  times  for  the  depredations  of 
highwaymen,  is  now  in  great  part  enclosed.  Here  are  bar- 
racks andpowder-mills.     Pop.  9294. 

Hon-Pe,  a  province  of  China.     See  Hoo-Pb. 

Honplines,  hoo^pleen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
7  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1641. 

Hou-Quang,  China.    See  Hoo-Quang. 

Hourour,  or  Hourrour,  Africa.    See  HtmRUB. 

Hourtin,  hooB^t&N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lesparre.     Pop.  1441. 

Housatonic,  hoo-sa-ton'Ik,  a  post- village  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Great  Barrington  township,  on  the  Housatonic 
River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Great 
Barrington.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  paper 
and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Housatonic  River  rises  in  Berkshire  oo.,  Mass.,  and 
runs  southward  into  Connecticut.  It  intersects  Litchfield 
CO.,  pursues  a  generally  southward  direction,  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Fairfield  and  New  Haven, 
and  enters  Long  Island  Sound  about  4  miles  E.  of  Bridge- 
port. It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  hilly 
country  abounding  in  picturesque  scenery.  The  Housa- 
tonic Railroad  follows  the  course  of  this  river  for  55  miles. 
The  tide  ascends  to  Derby,  nearly  14  miles  from  the  Sound. 

House,  hfiwss,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  connected 
by  a  bridge  with  the  island  of  Barra.  Length,  3  miles ; 
breadth,  about  half  a  mile. 

House,  hSwss,  a  station  in  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Belleville. 

House  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga.,  65  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

House  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

House  of  Correc'tion,  a  station  in  Howard  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Washington  Branch),  1 7 
miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Annapolis 
Junction. 

Houser  (hSwz'^r)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Houserville,  howz'^r-vll,  a  post-village  in  College 
township.  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bellefonte. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 


House's  Creek,  township.  Wake  co.,  N.C.     P.  2098. 

House's  (hdwss'iz)  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Mo.,  28  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

House's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Houseville,  hSwss'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Turin  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Houssa,  hfiw'sa,  written  also  Haussa,  Hawasa, 
Haoussah,  and  Haousa,  a  territory  of  Africa,  in 
Soodan,  about  lat.  12°-13°  N.  and  Ion.  5°-10°  E.  The 
Houssa  people  are  often  spoken  of  as  kindred  to  the  Foolahs, 
but  they  are  probably  distinct.  Their  language  is  perhaps 
the  finest  and  best  in  all  Central  Africa.  In  1802  an  ex- 
tensive Houssa  empire  was  established,  but  it  speedily  be- 
came divided  into  several  kingdoms,  of  which  Gando  and 
Saccatoo  are  the  most  important. 

Houston,  hoo'stpn  {i.e.,  "Hugh's  town"),  a  village 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Paisley,  with 
cotton-mills.     Pop.  518. 

Houston,  ha'st^n,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part 
of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Echaconnee  and  Mossy  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Cotton,  In 
dian  corn,  pork,  an^l  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone underlies  a  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Georgia  Southern 
4  Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Perry.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,406; 
in  1880,  22,414;  in  1890,  21,613. 

Houston,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Minnesota, 
borders  on  Iowa.  Area,  565  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intorsected  by  Root 
River,  and  partly  drained  Dy  Houston  River,  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone 
(Lower  Silurian)  underlies  this  county,  which  contains  a 
portion  of  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Cale- 
donia. Pop.  in  1870,14,936;  in  1880,  16,332;  in  1890, 
14,653, 

Houston,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, Area,  210  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  W,  by  the  Tennessee 
River,  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  tobacco,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  la 
intersected  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Erin,     Pop.  in  1880,  4295 ;  in  1890,  5390. 

Houston,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Neches  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Trinity  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Crockett,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8147 ;  in  1880, 
16,702;  in  1890,  19,360. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Winston  co.,  Ala.,  on  a 
branch  of  Sipsey  Creek,  about  55  miles  N.N.W,  of  Bir- 
mingham.    It  has  2  churches. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee  co,,  Fla,,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Railroad,  76  miles  W,  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  is  surrounded  by 
forests  of  magnolia,  oak,  and  pine, 

Houston,  a  post- village  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
N.W,  of  La  Grange,  and  about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Houston,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  Pop,  1239. 
It  contains  Chatham, 

Houston,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  th» 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Houston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind,,  on  Salt 
Creek,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  It  has  a  church 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  60. 

Houston,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas,  35  miles 
N.  of  Trego, 

Houston,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  959. 
It  contains  Gaylord  and  Thompson. 

Houston,  or  Hueston,  a  station  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse, 
Wis.,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Winona.     It  has  3  churches. 


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a  graded  school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  636;  of  the  township,  643. 

Houston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chickasaw  co.. 
Miss.,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus,  and  18  miles  S.W. 
of  Okolona.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  normal  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  893. 

Houston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Texas  oo..  Mo.,  2 
miles  E.  of  the  Piney  River,  and  about  14.5  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Louis.  It  has  an  academy,  a  bank,  4  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  365. 

Houston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Sidney  with  Union  City,  10  miles  W. 
of  Sidney.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  56. 

Houston,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Houston,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Houston,  a  city  of  Texas,  capital  of  Harris  co.,  is 
on  Buffalo  Bayou,  49  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Galveston, 
164  miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  152  miles  S.  of  Palestine. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Houston  and  Texas  Central 
Railroad  and  of  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road, which  connect  here  with  the  Galveston,  Houston  A 
Henderson  Railroad,  and  is  also  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
Texas  A  New  Orleans  Railroad.  Is  is  also  on  the  Texas 
Western,  Texas  Transportation,  and  Houston,  East  A  West 
Texas  Railroads.  It  was  in  1870  the  third  city  of  the  state 
in  population.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Gal- 
veston. Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here,  also  a  Baptist  religious  paper.  Houston  contains  11 
churches  (2  Baptist,  2  Catholic,  1  Episcopal,  1  Jewish,  4 
Methodist,  and  1  Presbyterian),  the  Houston  Academy,  a 
convent,  a  city  hall,  2  national  banks,  4  other  banks,  4  foun- 
dries, manufactures  of  engines,  machinery,  carriages,  Ac,  1 
or  2  cotton-factories,  several  machine-sbops  of  the  railroads, 
and  2  planing-mills.  Large  quantities  of  cotton,  maize, 
and  other  products  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  (1890)  27,657. 

Houston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Halifax  co.,  Va., 
45  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Rustburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  furniture-factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1285. 

Houstonia,  hu-sto'n^-a,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co., 
Mo.,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Houston  Junction,  Texas.    See  Pierce  Junction. 

Houston  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A 
Charleston  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Monongahela  City. 

Houston  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Junction  A  Breakwater  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
mington. 

Houstonville,  hil'stpn-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Champaign 
CO.,  111.,  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church. 

Houstonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hou-Tchou,  or  Hou-Tcheou-Fou.  See  Hoo- 
Choo. 

Houtzdale,  howtz'dale,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Tyrone  and  Clearfield  Railroad, 
28  miles  by  rail  and  13  miles  direct  S.S.E.  x)f  Clearfield. 
It  has  7  churches,  public  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2231.     Much  coal  is  mined  here. 

Hove,  a  suburb  of  Brighton,  England.     Pop.  11,277. 

Howakel,  bo-w&^k^l',  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  off  the 
coast  of  Abyssinia.     Lat.  15°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  19'  E. 

How'ard,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas.  Area, 
629  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Saline  Bayou,  an  affluent 
of  Little  River.  Its  surface  is  diversified ;  its  soil  is  fertile, 
corn  and  cotton  being  the  staple  products.  Coal,  kaolin, 
iron,  antimony,  gypsum,  and  silver  are  found  in  this 
county,  which  is  traversed  for  a  few  miles  only  by  the 
Arkansas  A  Louisiana  Railway.  Capital,  Centre  Point. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9917;  in  1890,  13,789. 

Hoivard,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Indiana. 
Area,  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wildcat 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  ttbe  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas 
City  Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  Kokomo,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,847;  in  1880,  19,684;  in  1890,  26,186. 

Howard,  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.     It  is 
drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River  and  the  head-streams  of  the 
Turkey  and  Wapsipinicon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  \ 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands ;  the  soil  is  ! 


fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  A  Kansas  City  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroads.  Capital,  Cresco.  Pop.  in  1870,  6282 ;  in  1876, 
7875;  in  1880,  10,837;  in  1890,  11,182. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Maryland,  ha« 
an  area  of  about  275  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Patux- 
ent  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  The  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  passes 
along  the  N.,  N.E.,  and  S.E.  borders  of  this  county, 
which  is  connected  with  Washington,  D.C.,  by  a  branch  of 
the  same  road.  Capital,  Ellicott,  or  EUicott  City.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,150;  in  1880,  16,140;  in  1890,  16,269. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  East  Chariton  River,  and  is  drained  by  Bonne  Pemme 
and  Moniteau  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and 
quarries  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Fayette.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,233 ;  in  1880, 
18,428;  in  1890,  17,371, 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Mid- 
dle Loup  and  North  Loup  Rivers,  which  unite  in  the  E. 
part  of  this  county  and  form  the  Loup  Fork  of  the  Platte. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level  prairie.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  and  Union 
Pacific  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through  St.  Paul,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1876,  1680 ;  in  1880,  4391 ; 
in  1890,  9430. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Salt  Fork  of  the  Colorado.  Area,  840  square  miles. 
Capital,  Big  Spring.     Pop.  in  1880,  60;  in  1890,  1210. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Mus- 
cogee Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash,  34  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.     P.  1168. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1021. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1127. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  766. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
souri line.     Pop.  589. 

Howard,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Blk  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Howard  township,  near  the  Elk  River,  29  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  E.  of  Eureka.  It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  cigars. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1015. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  829. 

Howard,  Cass  co.,  Mich.    See  Dailet. 

Howard,  or  Howard  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Wright 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  the  "  Big  Woods,"  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St. 
Paul.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1670. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Nemaha  River,  14  miles  W.  of  Peru.  It  has  2  gen- 
eral stores. 

Howard,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J. 

Howard,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  42 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmira,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Hornellsville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
saw-  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  about  300. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mt.  Vernon  A  Columbus  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Mt. 
Vernon.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Howard  township,  989. 

Howard,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Howard,  a  post-borough  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  Bald 
Eagle  Creek,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  rolling-mills,  2  handle-factories,  a  foundry,  and  5 
wheel-factories.     Pop.  554. 

Howard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miner  co.,  S.D.,  21 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  6  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Howard,  a  post- village  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Waco,  and  about  68  miles  N.N  E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Howard,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  14  miles 
(direct)  S.S.E.  of  Mounds. 


HOW 


1430 


HOW 


Howard  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Howard  oc,  Iowa, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of 
Charles  City.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  569. 

Howard  City,  a  post-village  in  Reynolds  township, 
Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, at  the  northwest  terminus  of  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc 
Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and  79  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.     It  haa  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
a  graded  school,  a  banking-house,  3  churches,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  pine  lumber.     Here  are  several  saw- 
mills, 6  shingle-mills,  2  planing-mills,  2  manufactories  of 
sash  and  blinds,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  1137. 
Howard  College,  Alabama.    See  Mabiow. 
Howard  Lake,  Minnesota.    See  Howard. 
Howard's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  CaL,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  69  miles  N.N.W,  of  San  Franoisoo. 
Howard's,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Howard's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  oo., 

Wis.,  7  or  8  miles  N.W.  of  Sheboygan,  and  5  miles  W.  of 

Lake  Michigan.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Howard's  Landing,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Monroe  co.,Tenn. 

HoAvard's  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va., 

23  miles  N.  of  Broadway  Depot,  Va.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Howard's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ky.,  6  miles  N.B.  of  Mount  Sterling.  It  has  a  church,  a 
mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  40. 

Howard's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mo., 
on   Sac  River,  about  12   miles  S.  of   Osoeola.     It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Howard's  Prairie,  Wisconsin.    See  Franklin. 
Howard  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Cumberland  co.,  Tenn.,  28  miles  W.  of  Rookwood  Station. 

How'ardsville,  a  post-village  of  San  Juan  oo..  Col., 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Silverton.  It  has  rich  silver-mines, 
2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores.  Elevation, 
9780  feet.  Pop.  about  300. 
Howardsville,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111. 
Howardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Mioh., 
about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  ohnroh,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

HoAvardsviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  83. 

How'ardville,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Howardville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Albion  township,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
tannery,  saw-mill,  &c. 

How'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East  Ri- 
ding, on  the  Ouse,  here  crossed  by  a  ferry,  22  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Hull.  It  has  a  magnificent  church,  and  extensive 
remains  of  a  palace  of  the  bishops  of  Durham.  Howden 
is  the  head  of  a  poor-law  union,  and  has  3  branch  banks, 
and  large  horse-fairs.     Pop.  2315. 

How'den-Pans,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, on  the  Tyne,  2i  miles  W.S.W.  of  North  Shields. 
Pop.  1112.    Vessels  are  built  and  coal  is  shipped  here. 
Howe,  how,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.    Pop.  78. 
Howe,  a  post-village  of   Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  on   the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Sherman. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  284. 
Howei,  a  town  of  Formosa.     See  Tamsui. 
IIoAve  Island,  or  Sir  John's  Island,  a  post- village 
in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
9  miles  E.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

How'ell,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  920  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Spring  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Eleven 
Point  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott 
&  Memphis  Railroad.  Capital,  West  Plains.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4218;  in  1880,  8814;  in  1890,  18,618. 

Howell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  52  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
6  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  bent-work. 
The  township  contains  several  beautiful  lakes.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2387.  ^ 

Howell,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb.,  21  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Scribner,  and  19  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E. 
of  Schuyler.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  a 
flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  197. 

Howell,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.   Pop.  3018. 


It  contains  Farmingdale,  Squankum,  Turkey,  Ac.  HoweD 
Station  is  on  the  Freehold  A  Jamesburg  Railroad,  3  mile* 
B.  bv  S.  of  Freehold. 

Howell,  a  station  in  Albany  oo.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie. 

Howell  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo., 
Oregon,  9  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

HoAV'ell's,  a  station  in  Rankin  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Vioka- 
burg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 

Howell's  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Goshen.  It  hat 
a  church  and  4  stores. 

Howell's  Mills,  a  post-offioe  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ga.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     Here  are  a  flour-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Howell's  Shop,  a  post-offioe  of  Patrick  oo.,  Va.,  S 
miles  N.W.  of  Taylorsville. 

How'ellsTilie,  a  post-township  of  Robeson  oo.,  N.C 
Pop.  1023. 

HowellSTille,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  River,  4  miles  from  Happy  Creek  Station.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

How'ellville  (Chester  Valley  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad,  at  How- 
ellville  Station,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  » 
church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Howellville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa. 
about  27  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

How'el's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheroket 
00.,  Ala.,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsrille.     It  has  a  steam  mill. 

Howe's,  hSwz,  a  station  in  Essex  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Salem  &  Lawrence  Railroad,  8^  miles  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Howesbarg,  hSwz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefierson 
CO.,  Ky.,  i  mile  from  Lyndon  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Howe's  Cave,  a  post-village  of  Sohoharie  co.,  N.Y.^ 
on  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  of 
Albany. 

Howe's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Salem  A  Little  Rook  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Salem. 

Howe's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  oo.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Ceoilian  Station.  It  has  a  cburoh  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Howesville,  hfiwz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind. 

Howesville,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  oo.,  Tenn.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches. 

Howesville,  a  post-office  of  Preston  oo.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  W.  of  Kingwood. 

How'ick,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Northumber- 
land, on  the  Lea,  4^  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alnwick. 

Howick,  an  island  group  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  lat.  14°  30'  S.,  Ion.  145°  E.,  10  in  number,  al) 
low,  and  covered  for  the  most  part  with  mangroves. 

How'ick,  a  post-village  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec, 
on  English  River,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Caughnawaga.  It 
contains  4  stores,  a  hotel,  an  agrioaltural-implement-factory, 
and  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Howick,  Huron  oo.,  Ontario.    See  Gorrik. 

Howiezy,  ho-vee'zhee,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle  of 
Neu-Titschein,  on  the  Upper  Beczwa,  a  tributary  of  the 
March,  about  40  miles  S.E.  from  Weisskirchen.  Pop. 
3273. 

Howl-Howe,  h6w'ee-hdw',  a  town  of  China.  See 
Hai-Keoo-So. 

How'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Howland  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Piscataquis,  35  miles  N.  of  Bangor. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  176. 

Howland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Putnam  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Unionville.     Here  is  a  mill. 

Howland,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.     Pop.  664. 

Howland  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores.  Here  are  valuable  gold-mines.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Table  Rock. 

Howland  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  0°  49'  N.,  Ion. 
176°  40'  W.,  affords  guano,  and  has  a  wharf  and  tolerable 
fresh  water,  but  is  without  permanent  inhabitants.  It 
abounds  with  sea-birds  and  rats,  and  has  but  coarse  and 
scanty  vegetation. 

Howland's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
New  Bedford  &  Taunton  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Taunton. 

How'Iandsburg,  ii  hamlet  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mioh., 
in  Ross  township,  2  miles  from  Augusta  Station.  It  has  s 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  100. 


HOW 


1431 


HUB 


How'let  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y. 

How'rah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  connected 
with  Calcutta  by  steam-ferries  and  a  massive  pontoon- 
bridge.  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  has  large  dock-yards, 
a  hospital,  a  jail,  and  several  mills.  It  is  lighted  with  gas. 
With  its  suburbs,  it  covers  11  square  miles.     Pop.  97,784. 

Howsa,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  HoussA. 

Howth  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waller  co.,  Tex.,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Houston. 

Hox'ie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sheridan  co.,  Kansas, 
33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Colby.  It  has  2  church  organizations, 
a  bank,  public  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  &o.     Pop.  245. 

Hoxter,  hox't^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  30 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Paderborn,  on  the  Weser.  Pop. 
6645.  It  has  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  paper  and  linen. 

Hox'ton,  a  district  forming  a  suburb  of  London,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  54,768. 

Hoy,  an  island  of  Orkney,  2i  miles  S.  of  Stromness. 
Length,  14  miles;  extreme  breadth,  5  miles.  It  has  fine 
cliff  scenery,  and  a  harbor  at  Longhope.     Pop.  1385. 

Hoya,  hoi'i,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
Weser,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  1957. 

Hoya-Gonzalo,  o'y4-gon-th4'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Murcia,  15  miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1107. 

Hoyer,  hoi'^r,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick, 
on  the  North  Sea,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ribe.     Pop.  1130. 

Hoyerswerda,  hoi'§rs-^fiRM4,  or  Wajerezy,  M'- 
yA-ri^zee,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  84  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Black  Elster.     Pop.  2614. 

Hoy'lake,  or  Hoyle  (hoil)  Lake,  a  village  and 
watering-place  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on  the  sea,  7 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Birkenhead. 

Hoyleton,  hoil't^n,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
111.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Centralia.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Hoym,  hoim,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Anhalt,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2633. 

Hoyo  de  Pinares,  o'yo  di  pe-ni'ris,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  35  miles  W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1340. 

Hoyos,  o'yoce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  48 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1980. 

Hoyt,  a  post-village  of  JacKSon  co.,  Kansas,  2  miles  W. 
of  Hoyt  Station,  and  16  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Holton. 
It  has  several  stores. 

Hoyt'ville,  or  Hoyt's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  6  miles  E.  of  Deshler,  and  about  40  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  2 
Btave-faotories. 

Hoytville,  a  post- village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  34  miles  by 
rail  S.S.W.  of  Tioga.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  560. 

Hradek,  h'rft'dik,  or  Wtinschelberg,  ^iin'sh^l- 
b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  in  Breslau,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Glatz.     Pop.  1829. 

Hradisch,  h'r^'dish,  or  Hradisch-Ungarisch, 
h'ri'dish-oong'gaR-ish,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  an  island  in 
the  March,  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  3100. 

Hradisch,  a  famous  old  convent  of  Moravia,  near  01- 
mutz,  now  a  military  hospital. 

Hradisko,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Gradlitz. 

Hrajworon,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Graivoron. 

Hrochow-Teinitz,  h'ro'kov-ti'nits,  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, 5  miles  E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  1786. 

Hron,  the  Slavonic  name  of  the  Gran. 

Hronow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Ronnow. 

Hrubieszow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Grubeschow. 

Hruska,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Rautschka. 

Hrusowany,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Grusbach. 

Huachapnre,  w3,-ch4-poo'ri  or  hwi-chi-poo'ri,  a 
headland  of  Chili,  in  lat.  34°  58'  S.,  Ion.  72°  17'  W. 

Hnacho,  wS-'cho  or  hwi'oho,  a  small  bay  of  Peru,  63 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Callao.  About  a  mile  from  the  coast  is  a 
small  town  of  the  same  name. 

Hiiafo,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.     See  GuAFO. 

Huaheine,  or  Huahine,  hoo-i-hee'ni,  one  of  the 
Society  Islands,  N.W.  of  Tahiti.     Estimated  pop.  2000. 

Huallaga,  wil-yi'ga,  or  hwil-yi'gi,  a  river  of  Peru, 
rises  in  the  Andes,  near  lat.  11°  S.,  13,200  feet  above  the 
sea.  •  It  flows  mostly  northward,  and  joins  the  Amazon  near 
lat.  5°  S.  and  Ion.  75°  40'  W.,  after  a  total  course  esti- 
mated at  500  miles.  The  towns  of  Huanca  and  Laguna  are 
on  its  banks,  and  near  lat.  7°  S.  it  runs  through  a  narrow 
gorge,  forming  there  and  elsewhere  several  falls. 

Hnamachuco,  w4-m4-ohoo'ko,  or  Guamachuco, 
gw3,-ma,-choo'ko,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Trujillo, 
capital  of  a  province,  55  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  Trujillo. 

Huamanga,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Ayacucho. 


Hnamantla,  w&-m&nt'1&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  about  two 
days'  march  N.  by  E.  of  Puebla.  A  battle  was  fought  here, 
October  9,  1847,  between  the  Americans  and  the  Mexicans, 
resulting  in  the  defeat  of  the  latter. 

Hnamblin,  w&m-bleen',  or  Socorro,  so-koR'Ro,  an 
island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  in  lat.  44°  49'  S.,  Ion 
75°  15'  W. 

Hiiancabamba,  Ecuador.    See  Gdancabamba. 

Huancavelica,  w&n-k&-vd,-Iee'k&,  or  Guancabe> 
lica,  gwin-ki-Bi-lee'kS.,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  and  of  a  department  of  its  own  name,  in  the 
Andes,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ayacucho.  Elevation,  11,000 
feet.  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  mining  and 
smelting  the  ores  of  gold,  silver,  and  mercury.  Pop.  8000 ; 
of  the  department,  104,140. 

Hnanta,  w&n't&,  or  Gnanta,  gwd,n'ti,  called  also 
Hnancayo,  win-ki'o,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Junin,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Jauja. 

Huanuco,  w&'noo-ko,  or  Gndnuco,  gw&'noo-ko,  a 
town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  department  of  its  own  name, 
among  the  Andes,  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lima.  It  is  now 
decayed.     It  gives  name  to  a  bishop's  see. 

Hnannco,  a  mountainous  department  of  Peru,  bounded 
W.,  S.,  and  E.  by  the  department  of  Junin.  Chief  town, 
Hudnuco.     Pop.  77,988. 

Huaqui,  a  river  of  Mexico.    See  Taque. 

Huaraz,  wi-ris',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Ancachs,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Trujillo.  A  railway 
172  miles  long  extends  thence  to  Chimbote.     Pop.  5000. 

Hnari,  w4-ree',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  E.  of  the  Andes,  about  160  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Trujillo. 

Huarochiri,  wi-ro-che-ree',  or  Guarochiri,  gwi- 
ro-che-ree',  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lima,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Andes,  60  miles  B.  of  Lima. 

Huasacnalco,  a  river  of  Mexico.    See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Huasco,  wis'ko,  or  Gnasco,  gwis'ko,  a  town  of 
Chili,  department  and  110  miles  N.  of  Coquimbo,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Huasco,  in  which  it  has  a  small  harbor. 
It  is  also  called  Huasco  Bajo,  to  distinguish  it  from  Huasco 
Alto,  a  small  inland  place  on  the  same  river. 

Huatuico,  a  port  of  Mexico.     See  Guatulco. 

Huaura,  wSw'ri,  or  Guaura,  gwow'ri,  a  seaport 
town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lima,  province  and  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Chancay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Guaura, 
with  some  salt-works  and  remains  of  ancient  edifices. 

Hnayna  Potosi,  Bolivian  Andes.    See  Sopaiwasi. 

Hubb,  hiib,  a  river  of  Beloochistan,  after  a  total  course 
of  100  miles  falls  into  the  Arabian  Sea  on  the  N.W.  side  of 
Cape  Monze,  in  lat.  24°  50'  N.,  Ion.  66°  36'  E. 

Hub'bard,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Eldora  Junction.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  452. 

Hubbard,  a  post- village  of  Hubbard  co.,  Minn.,  4  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Park  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  2  acad- 
emies, a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hubbard,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Youngstown,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Sharon, 
Pa.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling- 
mill,  and  2  furnaces.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1498. 

Hubbard,  a  small  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon, 
in  the  Willamette  Valley,  on  the  Oregon  &  California 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Hubbard,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Corsicana.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  broom- 
factory,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1 890,  894. 

Hubbard's  Creek,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Shackelford 
CO.,  runs  northeastward,  ami  enters  the  Clear  Fork  of  the 
Brazos  River  in  Stephens  co. 

Hub'bardston,  a  post-town  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  library,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen-cloth,  boxes,  and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1346. 

Hubbardston,  a  post-village  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Fish  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Ionia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  sash-factory,  Ac. 

Hub'bardstown,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hub'bardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
30  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill,  and  a  large  trade  in  hops. 

Hnb'bardton,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in  Hub- 
bardton  township,  at  the  N.  end  of  Bomaseen  (or  Bombazine) 
Lake,  8  miles  N.  of  Castleton.     Pop.  of  the  township,  506. 

Hubbardton  River,  a  fine  mill-stream  of  Addison 
CO.,  Vt.,  falls  into  Poultney  River. 


HUB 


1432 


HUD 


Hub'bell's  Falls,  or  Mohr's  Corners,  a  post-vll- 

l&ge  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  E.  of  Arnprior. 

Hubble,  hiib'b'l,  a  tovraahip  of  Cape  Girardeau  co., 
Mo.     Pop.  1689. 

Hubbleton,  hub'b'1-ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo., 
Wis.,  on  Crawfish  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  27  miles  B.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has 
ft  flour-mill. 

Hub'elsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Hnbertsburg,  hoo'b9rts-b35RG\  a  village  and  castle 
of  Saxony,  24  miles  E.  of  Leipsic.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  hos- 
pital, almshouses,  and  other  public  institutions.     Pop.  1712. 
Hu'bertville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  from  Springfield. 

Hub'lersburg,  a  post- village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in  the 
beautiful  Nittany  Valley,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Look 
Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 
Pop.  about  200. 
Hub'ley,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  547. 
Hiickeswagen,  hiik'k^s-M^gh^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3428. 

Huckleberry,  huk'§l-ber-re,  a  post-office  of  Echols  co., 
Ga.,  at  Statenville  Station  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad, 
21  miles  S.  of  Dupont. 

Huck'nall,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  7  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Nottingham.  The  church  contains  a  monument 
to  the  poet  Byron,  who  was  interred  here  in  1824.  Pop.  of 
parish,  4257. 

Hud'dersfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York.  West 
Riding,  on  the  Oolne,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leeds.  It  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  on 
a  hill-slope,  and  has  an  elegant  parish  church,  handsome 
subordinate  churches,  many  chapels,  a  college,  a  church 
collegiate  school,  several  endowed  free  schools,  and  other 
charities,  a  large  infirmary,  a  mechanics'  institute  and  phil- 
osophical hall,  library,  news-room,  banking  company,  sev- 
eral branch  banks,  and  a  spacious  circular  piece-hall,  con- 
taining warehouse-room  for  manufacturers,  who  expose  their 
goods  here  for  sale.  The  principal  manufactures  of  the 
town  and  vicinity  are  broad  and  narrow  cloths,  kerseymeres, 
cotton  goods,  mohairs,  flushings,  serges,  cords,  and  especially 
^' fancy  goods."  The  trade  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the 
abundance  of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  and  by  canals  connecting 
with  both  the  Mersey  and  the  Humber.  Huddersfield  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  P.  (1891)  95,422. 
Hudiksvall,  hoo'diks-viir,  or  Hnddiksvall,  hood'- 
diks-viir,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  70  miles  N. 
of  Gefle,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  64°  43' 
46"  N".;  Ion.  17°  15'  E.     Pop.  3016. 

Hudlitz,  h65d'lits,  or  Hudlice,  hS5d-leet'si,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from  Beraun.     Pop.  1533. 

Hud'son,  or  North  River,  an  important  river  of 
New  York,  rises  from  several  lakes  among  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  in  Essex  co.,  at  an  altitude  of  4326  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.     It  runs  southward,  with  wide  devia- 
tions from  a  direct  course,  and  intersects  Warren  co.    At 
Luzerne,  in  the  S.  part  of  this  county,  it  falls  60  feet  over 
a  nearly  perpendicular  ledge  of  gneiss.     Below  Sandy  Hill 
it  runs  southward  almost  continually,  with  small  deviations 
from  a  direct  line.     It  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos. 
of  Saratoga,  Albany,  Greene,  Ulster,  Orange,  and  Rockland 
on  the  right,  and  Washington,  Rensselaer,  Columbia,  Dutch- 
ess, Putnam,  and  Westchester  on  the  left,  and  enters  New 
York  Bay  at  the  city  of  New  York.     It  is  about  350  miles 
long.    The  tide  ascends  166  miles  to  Troy,  which  is  the 
head  of  navigation.     Magnificent  steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween New  York  and  Albany  on  this  important  channel  of 
commerce.    The  largest  ships  ascend  to  Hudson,  117  miles. 
At  Albany  and  Poughkeepsie  railroad  bridges  have  been 
constructed.      The  chief  cities  on    the  Hudson    are  New 
York,  Jersey  City,  Albany,  Troy,  Newburg,  Poughkeepsie, 
and  Hudson.     Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Mohawk,  Wal- 
kill,  Hoosic,  and  Sacondaga.     The  Hudson  is  perhaps  un- 
rivalled among  American  rivers  for  picturesque  and  mag- 
nificent scenery.    Below  Newburg  the  river  passes  between 
steep  bluffs  called  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  which  rise 
abruptly  from  the  shore  to  the  height  of  1600  feet.     Between 
Rockland  and  Westchester  cos.  is  an  expanded  part  of  the 
river,  called  Tappan  Sea  or  Bay,  which  is  about  4  miles  wide 
and  13  miles  long.     Below  this  bay  the  W.  bank  of  the 
river  is  a  vertical  or  very  steep  wall  of  trap  rock,  which  is 
about  500  feet  high  and  is  called  the  Palisades.     This  re- 
markable bluff  extends  in  a  nearly  straight  line  for  a  dis- 
tance of  about  16  miles.   The  Hudson  is  a  mile  wide  or  more 
opposite  the  Palisades,  and  is  about  a  mile  wide  between 
new  York  and  Jersey  City.     This  river  was  named  in  honor 


of  Hendrik  Hudson,  who  explored  it  in  1609.  Tbe  Hudron 
River  Railroad,  which  connects  New  York  with  Albany,  it 
laid  on  the  E.  or  left  bank  of  the  Hudson. 

Hudson,  a  small  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Jer- 
sey, is  bounded  E.  by  the  Hudson  River  and  New  York 
Bay,  S.  by  Newark  Bay,  and  W.  by  the  Passaic  River.  The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hacken- 
sack  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Jersey  City.  Area,  43  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  129,067;  in  1880,  187,944;  in  1890, 
276,126. 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  in  Hudson 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of 
Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  273  ;  of  the  township,  1269. 
Hudson,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  497. 
Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Angola. 

Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
Black  Hawk  Creek,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Hudson,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  manufactures 
of  lumber.     Pop.  610. 

Hudson,  a  post- village  in  Hudson  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Assabet  River,  and  on  the  Marlborough 
Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  28  miles  W.  of 
Boston,  and  17  miles  N.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  high  school,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  gossamers,  paper-boxes, 
lasts,  and  shoe-machinery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4670. 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hud- 
son township,  on  Tiffin  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Adrian,  17  miles  E.  of 
Hillsdale,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  banking-houses,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  potash,  bells,  cider,  tiles,  flour,  wooden- 
ware,  ploughs,  Ac.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2178;  of  the  township,  3479. 

Hudson,  a  post-office  in  Hudson  township,  Douglas 
CO.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.  of  Alexandria.     Pop.  607. 
Hudson,  a  post-office  of  Tunica  co.,  Miss. 
Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Sedalia,  and  3i  miles  from  Appleton  City. 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hudson  township,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Manchester,  and  3 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Nashua.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  and  has  4  churches,  a  car- 
riage-factory, Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1092. 

Hudson,  a  former  town  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  tbe  E. 
bank  of  the  Hackensack  River,  about  3  miles  W.  of  New 
York  City.     In  1870  it  was  merged  in  Jersey  City. 

Hudson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  and 
on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Hud- 
son A  Chatham  Branch  of  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad, 
115  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Albany. 
The  river-bank  here  is  a  steep  bluff,  about  60  feet  high, 
from  the  top  of  which  a  ridge  extends  eastward  to  Prospect 
Hill,  a  rounded  eminence,  which  is  nearly  500  feet  higher 
han  the  river,  and  is  li  miles  from  the  W.  part  of  the 
city.  Warren  street,  the  principal  street  of  Hudson,  ex- 
tends along  the  crest  of  this  ridge  from  the  base  of  Prospect 
Hill  to  the  bluff,  on  which  is  a  delightful  promenade  over- 
looking the  river.  Hudson  contains  a  court-house  of  mar- 
ble and  limestone,  a  city  hall,  13  churches,  the  Hudson 
Academy,  a  public  library,  3  national  banks,  extensive 
manufactures  of  clothing,  paper,  and  steam  fire-engines,  3 
blast-furnaces,  several  iron-foundries,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  A  steam 
ferry-boat  plies  between  this  city  and  Athens,  which  is 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river.  This  place  was  settled  about 
1784.     Pop.  in  1890,  9970. 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  railroads,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Akron.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  evaporators,  Ac.  Here  is  the  Western  Reserve 
Academy,  which  occupies  the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the 
Western  Reserve  College,  since  the  removal  of  the  latter  to 
Cleveland  in  1882.     Pop.  in  1890,  1143. 

Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  about  44 

miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churches,  and  coal-mines. 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  S.D.,  13  miles 

by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Canton.     It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 

public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  260. 


HUD 


1433 


HUF 


HndsoUy  a  post-town,  capital  of  St.  Croix  oo.,  Wis.,  in 
Hudson  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  St.  Croix  River 
{here  navigable  for  large  steamboats),  at  the  mouth  of 
Willow  River,  20  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  6  or  7 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Stillwater.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &,  Omaha  Railroad,  and  is  68  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  chair-factory,  x  Sroom-fao- 
tory,  a  saw-mill,  several  other  mills,  and  man  ifactures 
of  farming- implements,  ploughs,  cars,  and  wagons.  Two 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2885 ;  of 
the  township,  additional,  593. 

Hnd'son,  or  Pointe  h  Cavagnol,  pw&Nt  i  k&V&n^- 
y6l',  a  post- village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
Ottawa,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Vaudreuil.  It  contains  a  glass- 
factory  and  4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Hudson  Bay  Territory.  See  North-West  Terri- 
tories, and  Keewatin. 

Hudson  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  oo., 
N.H.,  on  the  Nashua  <fc  Rochester  Railroad,  at  Hudson 
Station,  2^  miles  E.  of  Nashua. 

Hudson  City,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  N.J.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Jersey  City  post-office,  the  former  city  of 
Hudson  having  been  merged  in  Jersey  City. 

Hud'sondale,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Packer  township,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  Hartz 
Station,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a 
church,  a. foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Hudson  Junction,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis., 
fln  the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 

Hudson's  Bay,  North  America,  is  an  inland  sea  con- 
nected with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  Hudson  Strait.  It  is 
comprised  between  lat.  61"  and  70°  N.  and  between  Ion. 
77°  and  95°  W.  It  is  about  900  miles  long  (exclusive  of 
Fox  Channel,  its  N.  portion),  and  its  greatest  width  is 
near  600  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by  British  territory,  the 
climate  of  which  is  extremely  rigorous.  Navigation  is 
obstructed  by  ice  for  9  or  10  months  in  the  year.  It  is 
visited  by  whalemen  in  summer. 

Hudson's  Jllill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  W.  of  Culpeper.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Hudson  Strait,  North  America,  connects  Hudson's 
Bay  with  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  washes  the  northern  part 
of  Labrador.  It  is  about  400  miles  long,  and  from  60  to  150 
miles  wide. 

Hud'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  oo.,  Ky., 
about  54  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

HudsouTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Grand  Rapids  with  Holland,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Hudsonville,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  steam  mill  and  3  stores. 

Hudsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Icard.  It  has 
a  church. 

Hu6,  hwi  or  hoo-A',  a  river  of  Annam,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  about  100  miles,  falls  into  the  road  of  Hu6,  which 
forms  an  excellent  harbor,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Toorane  Har- 
bor.    Lat.  16°  N. 

Hu6,  Hu6-ro,  Thua-Thien,  t'hwi^-te-Sn',  Pha- 
Tua-Tien,  fa^-twi^-te-fin',  or  Phux-Uan,  foox^-wAn', 
the  capital  of  the  empire  of  Annam,  in  French  Indo-China, 
on  the  Hu6  River,  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
China  Sea.  Lat.  16°  30'  N.;  Ion.  107°  12'  E.  It  has 
probably  no  parallel  in  the  East,  having  been  early  in  the 

? resent  century  regularly  fortified  in  the  European  style, 
ts  walls,  mounting  numerous  cannon,  and  upwards  of  5 
miles  in  circumference,  enclose  an  inner  citadel,  with  the 
palace,  and  spacious  barracks,  large  granaries,  an  arsenal, 
and  magazines,  which,  with  other  public  buildings,  are 
supplied  with  water  by  a  broad  canal  from  the  river,  faced 
with  masonry  and  crossed  by  bridges.  A  large  garrison 
and  fleet  are  usually  stationed  here.     Pop.  100,000. 

Huecjja,  or  Huecixa,  wi-thee'Hi,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  13  miles  N.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  966. 

Hnehue.toca,  wi-wi-to'ki,  or  Guegnetoca,  gwi- 
gwi-to'ki,  a'^  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  30  miles  N.  of 
Mexico. 

Huejocingo,  or  Huexocingo,  wi-Ho-seeng'go,  a 
village  of  Mexico,  18  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  La  Puebla. 

Huelgoat,  hwfiPgo-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tare.  20  miles  N.E.  of  Chateaulin.     Pop.  1277. 

Huelma,  wil'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
mil«s  S.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2748. 

Huelsburg,  or  Huilsburg,  hils'burg,  a  post-hamlet 
91 


of  Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.    It  haa  a 
foundry  and  a  plough-factory. 

Huelva,  wdl'v&  or  hwil'vi,  or  Hnelba,  wil'B&  (anc 
Onoba),  a  maritime  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  provinc« 
of  the  same  name,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  49  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Seville.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways,  and 
has  an  export  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  11,722. 

Huelva,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  bordering 
on  the  Atlantic  and  on  Portugal.  Area,  4118  square  miles. 
It  is  a  picturesque  mountain-country,  and  is  rich  in  metals. 
Capital,  Huelva.     Pop.  196,469. 

Hueneja,  w&-n&'H&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37 
miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2805. 

Hueneme,  wAn'e-ma  (Sp.  pron.  w&'n&-iu&),  a  post- 
village  and  shipping-point  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
ocean,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  starch-factory. 

Huercal,  w§R-k&l',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
3  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  1715. 

Huercal -Overa,  wfiR-kS,l'-o-vi'r3,,  or  Huercal - 
Obera,  w8R-kil'-o-Bi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Almeria,  near  the  Almanzora.  Pop.  4957, 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lace,  table-linens,  and  soap. 

Huerfano,  wer'fi-no,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Colo- 
rado. Area,  1600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Huerfano  and  Cucharas  Rivers.  The  surface  presents 
grand  mountain-scenery,  and  the  county  comprises  a  part  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  range  of  mountains.  The  soil  produces 
good  natural  pasture.  The  mountains  are  partly  covered 
with  forests  of  evergreen  trees.  The  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  Union  Pacific,  and  Denver, 
Texas  <fc  Fort  Worth  Railroads.  Capital,  Walsenburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2250;  in  1880,  4124;  in  1890,  6882. 

Huerfano,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Huerfano  River.  It  has  a  church.  Huerfano  Station  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  is  156  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Huerfano  Cafion,  kin'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huer 
fano  CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Huerfano  River,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Walsenburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Huerfano  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Blanca, 
drains  part  of  Huerfano  co.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters 
the  Arkansas  River  in  Pueblo  co.,  nearly  25  miles  below 
the  town  of  Pueblo.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Huerta,  w5R'ti,  numerous  villages  of  Spain,  the  most 
worthy  of  notice  being  Huerta  de  Valdecarabanos,  wJR'ti 
dk  v&l-d&-k&-Ri-B&n'yoce,  province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of 
Toledo.     Pop.  2100. 

Huesca,  wfis'ki  or  hwfis'ki  (anc.  Os'ca),  a  city  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  capital  of  a  province,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Isuela,  36  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saragossa.  Pop.  10,246. 
It  is  a  fine  city,  solidly  built  and  picturesque,  but  decaying. 
Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral,  with  numerous  statues  and 
a  magnificent  altar-piece,  15  convents,  a  foundling  hospital, 
cavalry  barracks,  and  the  ancient  palace  of  the  kings  of 
Aragon.  Its  university  was  founded  in  1354,  but  has  been 
abolished.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  2  colleges  and  soma 
schools.  Near  it  are  monasteries  containing  striking  works 
of  art.  Huesca  has  some  tanneries,  linen-manufactures, 
and  a  large  annual  fair. 

Huesca,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  France,  and  E.  by  tne  province  of  Lerida.  Area, 
5872  square  miles.    Capital,  Huesca.     Pop.  274,623. 

Hnescar,  wfis'kaR  or  hwfis'kaK,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  68  miles  N.E.  of  Granada.  It  has  manufactorei 
of  linen  goods  and  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  5106. 

Hueston,  Bourbon  oo.,  Ky.    See  Houston. 

Huete,  w&'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  34  milei 
N.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2600.     It  has  a  fort. 

Huetor-Tajor,  wi-t5R'-t4-H5r',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Granada,  on  the  Genii. 

Huexocingo,  Mexico.    See  Huejocingo. 

Huey,  hu'l,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  HI.,  4  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Carlyle.     It  has  4  churches. 

Hueysville,  hii'iz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Huf 'faker's,  a  station  in  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Reno. 

Huffman's,  a  station,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Jamesburg,  N.J. 

Huffman's,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  oo.,  0. 

Huff'mansville,  a  hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  HI.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Paris. 

HufPs  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Hereford  township,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  has  a  church. 

HuflPstetler's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Hnffs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  N.K 
of  Floyd  Court- House.     It  has  a  church. 


HUP 


1434 


HUL 


Hflfingen,  hU'fing-9n,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lake, 
9  miles  S.  of  Villingen.     Pop.  1730. 

Htigelsheim,  hu'gh^ls-himeS  a  village  of  Baden,  5i 
miles  S.W.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  1043. 

Hug'ginsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Hughes,  huze,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  South 
Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River. 
Area,  756  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad.  Pierre  is  the  capital  of  the  county 
and  of  the  state.     Pop.  in  1880,  268;  in  1890,  5044. 

Hughes,  a  hamlet  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  at  the  junction 
of  two  railroads,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Denver. 

Hughes,  a  j)ost-township  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  about 
38  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.     Pop.  1420. 

Hughesdale,  haz'dale,  or  Hughes,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Johnston  township,  2i  miles 
from  OIneyville.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  chemicals. 

Hughes  River,  West  Virginia,  is  formed  by  its  North 
and  South  Forks,  which  unite  on  the  S.W.  border  of  Ritchie 
CO.  It  runs  westward  about  10  miles,  and  enters  the  Little 
Kanawha  River  at  Newark.  Wirt  co.  The  North  Fork  runs 
southwestward  through  Ritchie  co.  The  South  Fork  drains 
part  of  Doddridge  co.,  and  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  Ritchie 
CO.,  until  it  unites  with  the  North  Fork. 

Hughes  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Daingerfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  shingle-mill,  3  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Hughes  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hughesville,  huz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  oo., 
Md.,  54  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

Hughesville,  a  small  village  of  Michigan,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Flint. 

Hughesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Lexington  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  stores. 

Hughesville,  a  post-borough  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wolf  township,  on  Muncy  Creek,  and  on  the  Muncy  Creek 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Catawissa  A  Williams- 
port  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries,  2  machine-shops, 
a  flour-mill,  a  chair-factory,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  899;  in  1890,  1368. 

Hughesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Ya.,  3 
miles  from  Hamilton  Railroad  Station. 

Hnghsonville,  hu's9n-vil,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  1  mile  from  New  Ham- 
burg Railroad  Station,  and  about  9  miles  S.  of  Pough- 
keepsie.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Hugli,  India.     See  Hooglt. 

Hu'go,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Col.,  143 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  121. 

Hugo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Charleston. 

Huguenot,  hu'gh^-not,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.T.,  on  the  Neversink  River  and  the  Delaware  A  Hudson 
Canal,  and  on  the  Port  Jervis  A  Monticello  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Port  Jervis.     Pop.  about  200. 

Huguenot,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Edgewater. 

Huguenot,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va. 

Htlhnerwasser,  Hunerwasser,  hii'n^r-^is's^r, 
Hflnnerwasser,  or  Kurziwody,  koon'ze-^oMee,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1102. 

Huiet's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2556. 

Huilsburg,  Wisconsin.     See  HuELSBtrRG, 

Hnisseau,  hwees^so',  several  villages  of  France:  the 
principal,  Huisseau-sur-Mauve,  hwees^sS'-siiR-mSv,  in 
Loiret,  9  miles  W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1495. 

Huizen,  hoi'z§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  3166. 

Huizum,  hoi'ziim,  or  Husum,  hii'silm,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1010. 

Hiuamree,  hoo^jim'ree,  a  mouth  of  the  Great  East 
Channel  of  the  Indus,  in  lat.  24°  10'  N.,  Ion.  67°  28'  E. 

Hnkong,  hoo^kong',  or  Payen-Dwen,  pi-8n^-dwJn', 
a  valley  in  the  N.  of  Burmah,  on  the  Assam  frontier, 
bounded  on  all  sides  by  hills  of  the  Shuedounggyi  range. 
The  principal  river  of  the  valley  is  the  Khyen-Dwen. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Singphos  and  their  slaves. 

Hu-Kwang,  China.   See  Hoo-Quang. 

Hul'berton,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss. 

Huia>urt,  a  station  in  Crittenden  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Memphis,  Tenn. 


Hnl'burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  26  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church. 
Quarrying  is  the  leading  industry  of  the  place. 

Huldenbergh,  hGl'd^n-bdRG',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Brabant.     Pop.  1600. 

Huleh,  Palestine.    See  Bahr-el-Hooleh. 

Hulein,  hoo'line,  or  Houlin,  hoo'lin,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, on  the  railway  from  Vienna  to  Olmutz,  10  miles  S.  of 
Prerau.     Pop.  2000. 

Hu'lett's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  and  landing  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  George. 

Hu'lick's,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati A  Eastern  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Hull,  hQU,  or  Kings'ton-upon-Hull,  a  borough 
of  England,  and  county  of  itself,  co.  of  York,  East  Riding, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  estuary  of  the  Humber,  where  it  is 
joined  by  the  Hull,  about  20  milee  from  its  mouth,  and  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  York. 
Lat.  53°  44'  36"  N. :  Ion.  0°  20'  W.  The  old  town,  about 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  in  length,  stands  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river  Hull,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Humber,  and  is 
enclosed  from  N.  to  W.  by  three  noble  docks,  crossed  by 
movable  bridges.  Beyond  these  are  Myton  on  the  W.  and 
Sculcoates  on  the  N.,  both  containing  populous  quarters  of 
the  modem  town ;  and  beyond  the  Hull,  on  the  B.,  are  Sut- 
ton and  Drypool.  The  town  has  a  respectable  but  not  a 
striking  appearance;  it  is  well  built,  and  amply  supplied 
with  water.  A  line  of  streets  runs  from  the  Humber  north- 
ward through  the  middle  of  the  old  town,  and  is  crossed  by 
several  others  leading  to  still  broader  thoroughfares  beyond 
the  docks,  all  of  which  present  good  shops  and  a  very  busy 
scene  of  traffic.  In  Sculcoates  are  many  broad  and  hand- 
some streets  of  private  residences,  all  included  in  the 
borough.  The  streets  are  generally  well  paved  and  well 
lightwl.  Extensive  warehouses,  backed  by  narrow  lanes, 
border  the  muddy  river  Hull,  along  which  the  town  and  it» 
suburbs  of  Trippet  and  Sculcoates  extend.  In  the  centre 
of  the  old  town  is  the  market-place,  containing  the  fine 
church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  272  feet  in  length,  and  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  Gothic  architecture  in  England. 
There  are  11  other  churches,  many  dissenting  chapels,  a 
synagogue,  and  a  floating  chapel  for  mariners.  Among  the 
other  public  buildings  are  the  custom-house,  exchange, 
pilot-,  dock-,  excise-,  and  stamp-offices,  infirmary,  theatres, 
college,  jail,  mansion-house,  and  museum. 

Among  the  institutions  may  be  mentioned  the  Trinity 
Guild,  founded  in  1369,  for  superannuated  seamen  and  the 
widows  of  seamen,  with  an  annual  revenue  of  about  £13,000 ; 
it  has  an  elegant  edifice  in  the  Tuscan  order,  containing  a 
council-room  with  good  portraits,  a  museum,  a  school  for 
boys  destined  for  the  merchant  service,  and  dwellings  for 
pensioners.  There  are  also  numerous  hospitals  and  other 
charities,  a  charter-house,  a  medical  school,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  great  number  of  charitable  schools,  refuges  for  the 
insane  and  the  destitute,  a  dispensary,  penitentiary,  and 
lying-in  charity,  a  mechanics'  institute,  lyceum,  and  athe- 
naeum, a  sailors'  institute,  a  savings-bank,  a  zoological  gar- 
den, a  botanic  garden,  and  a  fine  public  park. 

Hull  ranks  as  the  third  port  in  the  kingdom.  It  is  con- 
nected by  railways  with  all  parts  of  Great  Britain.  The 
Trent,  Onse,  Don,  Ac,  tributaries  of  the  Humber,  and 
navigable  canals,  connect  it  also  with  a  large  inland  terri- 
tory. Its  docks  and  basins  are  very  extensive  and  com- 
plete, are  surrounded  by  broad  quays  and  large  warehouses, 
and  are  crowded  with  shipping  of  all  nations. 

The  principal  exports  are  cotton  and  woollen  stufis  and 
yarn,  earthenwares,  hardwares,  metals,  rape-seed,  and  corn, 
the  latter  chiefly  imported  previously,  with  wool,  bones, 
timber,  hemp,  flax,  madder,  SKins,  and  other  produce  from 
Germany,  Denmark,  and  the  Baltic,  with  which,  and  with 
North  America,  its  foreign  trade  is  the  most  active.  Its 
coasting  trade  is  highly  important, 

Hull  has  some  cotton-  and  flax-mills  and  iron-foundries. 
Ship-building  and  its  auxiliary  manufactures,  including 
boilers  and  steam-engines,  are  extensively  carried  on. 
There  are  also  numerous  tanneries,  potteries,  breweries, 
sugar-refineries,  soap-  and  gas-works,  and  grain-  and  oil- 
mills.  In  the  E.  suburbs  are  many  mills  impelled  by 
wind,  giving  a  Dutch  appearance  to  the  scenery  along  the 
Humber.     The  town  has  many  banks  and  newspapers. 

The  town,  under  the  name  of  Myton-wyk,  was  of  impor- 
tance in  the  time  of  Athelstan ;  but  its  consequence  as  a 
port  dates  from  the  time  of  Edward  I.,  who  conferred  on  it 
the  designation  of  Kingston.  Pop.  in  1841,  66,670;  in 
1871,  121,892;  in  1881,  165,690  ;  in  1891,  199,991. 

Hull,  a  post-village  of 'Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  3  churches. 


HUL 


1435 


HUM 


Hull)  a  village  of  Clinton  cc,  HI.    See  Aviston. 

Hull)  a  post-bamlet  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  10  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Hull)  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  19  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  5  ohurches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  and  manu- 
factures of  washing-machines.     Pop.  566. 

Hull)  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
small  peninsula  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  in  1890,  989. 

Hnll)  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Ottawa,  Quebec, 
on  the  Northern  Colonization  Kailway,  and  on  the  Ottawa 
River,  opposite  Ottawa  City.  It  has  great  water-power,  and 
has  an  axe-factory,  a  carding-  and  woollen-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  matches,  pails,  and  wooden-ware ;  also 
40  stores  and  several  fine  residences.  Iron-mines  are  worked 
in  the  vicinity.  A  handsome  suspension-bridge  connecting 
Hull  and  Ottawa  spans  the  Chaudi^re  Falls,  a  magnificent 
cataract.     Pop.  in  1881,  6890;  in  1891,  11,265, 

Hnllein,  b551'llne,  a  village  of  Austria,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2000. 

Hul'lens,  a  hamlet  of  Alexander  co.,  HI.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hall  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0., 
in  Middletown  township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Hnll  River,  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East  Riding,  rises 
near  Great  Driffield,  flows  S.,  and,  after  a  total  course  of  30 
miles,  enters  the  Humber  on  the  E.  side  of  Hull. 

ELull's,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Hull's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 

Hull's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

Hall's  Point,  Ray  co..  Mo.,  is  a  shipping-point  on  the 
Missouri  River,  4  miles  from  Orrick  Railroad  Station. 

Hulls'ville,  or  Saint  Just,  a  post-village  in  Haldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton. 

Hulme,  hume  or  home,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  within  the  municipal  limits  of  Manchester. 

Hulmeville,  hilm'vil,  or  Hulmesville,  humz'vil,  a 
post-borough  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  about 

8  miles  S.W.  of  Trenton,  N.J.,  and  1  mile  from  the  New 
York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  rope-works,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  hair-cloth  fac- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1890,  418. 

Hulpe,  hill'pQh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Bra- 
bant, 4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  1884. 

Hiils,  hills,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
junction,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  ribbons  and  damasks.     Pop.  5200. 

Hulst,  hiilst,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Zealand,  on  a  railway,  and  on  an  affluent  of  the  Scheldt, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Antwerp.  It  has  a  custom-house. 
Pop.  2287. 

Hulton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches,  public 
schools,  and  manufactures  of  springs,  tools,  glass,  &c. 

Hultschin,  hSdlt-sheen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  Oppa,  1 3  miles  E.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  2764. 

Hulwnd,  huPwild',  a  town  of  India,  in  Baroda,  penin- 
sula of  Kattywar,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mallia.  Lat.  22*  51' 
N.;  Ion.  71°16'E. 

Hu'mansville,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Osceola.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  wagon-factory, 
a  plough-factory,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  791. 

Humbeek,  hiim'b&k,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 

9  miles  N.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

Hum'ber,  an  estuary  of  the  E.  coast  of  England,  be- 
tween Yorkshire  and  Lincolnshire,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Ouse  and  Trent  Rivers,  8  miles  E.  of  Goole,  whence 
it  proceeds  for  about  18  miles  eastward,  and  then  for  about 
22  miles  S.E.  to  the  North  Sea.  It  receives  from  the  N. 
the  Foulness  and  Hull,  and  from  the  S.  the  Ancholme  and 
Ludd  Rivers. 

Hum'ber,  or  Clair'Tille,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Humber  River,  i  mile  from  Humber  Sum- 
mit.    Pop.  200. 

Hum'berstone,  or  Pe'tersburg,  also  called  Stone- 
bridge,  a  post-village  of  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Welland  Canal,  1  mile  from  Port  Colborne.     Pop.  400. 

Hum'bird,  or  Hum'burd,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Eau  Claire,  and  17  miles  N.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Humboldt,  hum'bolt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
California,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  is  intersected  by  Eel  and  Mad  Rivers.    Area,  estimated 


at  3570  square  miles.  Among  its  physical  features  is 
Cape  Mendocino,  the  westernmost  point  of  California.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  high  mountains,  fertile  valleys, 
and  rolling  prairies,  and  a  large  part  of  the  county  is 
covered  with  dense  forests  of  large  evergreen  trees,  among 
which  is  the  red-wood  {Sequoia  aempervireng).  Lumber 
(mostly  red-wood  and  pine)  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  prairies  is  fertile  and  adapted  to 
pastoral  pursuits.  Cattle,  oats,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  in  the  W.  by  the  Eel  River 
<fc  Eureka  Railroad,  Capital,  Eureka.  Pop.  in  1870,  6140 ; 
it  1880,  15,512;  in  1890,  23,469. 

Humboldt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  East  and  West  Forks  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  which 
last  river  is  formed  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county  by  the 
union  of  these  branches.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  lime- 
stone, a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by 
several  railroads.  Capital,  Dakotah.  Pop.  in  1870,  2596 ; 
in  1880,  5341 ;  in  1890,  9836. 

Humboldt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Nevada, 
borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  16,580  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Humboldt  River,  and  drained  by  the  King, 
Quinn,  and  Little  Humboldt  Rivers.  The  surface  presents 
barren  granitic  mountains,  and  sterile  or  arid  table-lands, 
in  which  water  and  timber  are  scarce.  Humboldt  River 
enters  Humboldt  Lake,  which  is  in  the  S.  part  of  this 
county  and  has  no  outlet.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  mining.  The  greater  portion  of  the  land  in  this 
county  is  irrigated  for  hay,  the  acreage  of  cereals  and 
vegetables  being  almost  insignificant  in  comparison.  Sil- 
ver, copper,  and  lead  are  found  here.  Capital,  Winnemucca. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1916 ;  in  1880,  3480 ;  in  1890,  3434. 

Humboldt,  Coles  co..  111.    See  Huhbolt. 

Humboldt,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  111. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Springvale  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  or  near 
the  junction  of  its  East  and  West  Forks,  19  miles  by  raiJ 
N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  and  5  newspaper  offices.  The  place  is  the  seat  of 
Humboldt  College,  which  was  organized  in  1869.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1075. 

Hum  boldt,  a  post-village  in  Humboldt  township,  Allen 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  86  miles  S. 
of  Lawrence,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Parsons,  and  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Emporia.  It  is  connected  with  the  last  two  places 
by  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad.  It  has  5  ohurches,  a  banking-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Pop.  1361;  of  the  township,  1841. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Republic  Branch  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of 
Marquette.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  rich  iron-mines. 

Humboldt,  a  village  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  Elk 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Big  Nemaha  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  71  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches, 
graded  schools,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, 2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  1114. 

Humboldt,  a  station  in  Humboldt  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Humboldt  River,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Winnemucca.  Here  is  Humboldt  House 
Post-Office. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Louisville  <fc 
Memphis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Jackson,  and  81  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  5  churches,  a  seminary  for 
girls,  a  money-order  post-office,  an  Odd- Fellows'  college,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1837. 

Humboldt,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Humboldt,  a  hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  i  mile 
N.  of  the  city  limit  of  Milwaukee,  and  on  the  Milwaukee 
River,  opposite  Lake  Shore  Junction.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out  in  streets,  has  15  or  20  houses,  and  a  manufactory  of 
cement.  It  was  formerly  a  manufacturing  village  of  some 
importance,  but  was  partly  destroyed  by  fire  about  1873. 

Humboldt  Basin,  a  post-village  or  mining-camp  of 


HUM 


1436 


HUN 


Baker  co.,  Oregon,  about  37  miles  S.S.B.  of  Baker  City. 
Gold  is  found  here. 

Hamboldt  Bay,  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal.,  is  about  270 
mUes  N,  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  16  miles  in  length,  and 
from  i  of  a  mile  to  4  or  5  miles  wide.  It  forms  one  of  the 
best  harbors  on  the  coast,  and  has  21  feet  of  water  on  the 
bar.    The  entrance  is  scarcely  300  yards  wide. 

Humboldt  House,  Nevada.    See  Humboldt. 

Humboldt  Lake  (or  Sink),  of  Humboldt  co.,  in  the 
W.  central  part  of  Nevada,  near  40°  10'  N.  lat.  and  118° 
40'  W.  Ion.  Length,  near  20  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  from 
8  to  10  miles.  It  receives  Humboldt  River,  but  has  no  out- 
let. It  is  ordinarily  no  more  than  a  marshy  place,  becoming 
a  lake  in  certain  seasons. 

Humboldt  Park,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111. 

Humboldt  River,  or  Mary's  River,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Nevada,  rises  near  the  northeast  extremity  of  the 
state,  and  flowing  first  in  a  southerly  and  then  in  a  west- 
ward course,  with  a  very  winding  channel,  again  turns 
towards  the  S.,  and  falls  into  Humboldt  Lake.  Its  whole 
length  is  estimated  at  350  miles.  The  route  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  the  valley  of  this  stream.  Its 
waters  are  alkaline  except  in  times  of  flood. 

Humboldt  River  Mountains.  See  Eajt  Humboldt 
Mountains. 

Humboldt  Wells,  Nevada.    See  Wells. 

Hum'bolt,  a  post- village  in  Humboldt  township,  Coles 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  by  B. 
of  Mattoon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  tile- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  279 :  of  the  township,  1732. 

Humburd,  Clark  co.,  Wis.     See  Humbird. 

Hume,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  at  the  junction 
of  two  railroads,  22  miles  E.  of  Tuscola,  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  tile-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  433. 

Hume,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Miami,  Kansas.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  486. 

Hume,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  923. 

Hume,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
drained  by  the  Genesee  River.  Pop.  1932.  It  contains 
villages  named  Cold  Creek  and  Wiscoy.  Hume  Post-Office 
is  at  Cold  Creek. 

Hume,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  and  a  station  on 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lima. 
It  has  a  church. 

Humeerpoor,  or  Hamirpur,  hum^eer-poor',  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  Humeerpoor  district,  on  the  Jamna, 
near  the  junction  of  the  Betwa,  155  miles  S.E.  of  Agra. 

Humeerpoor,  or  Hamirpur,  a  district  of  the  North- 
West  Provinces,  British  India,  bounded  N.E.  by  the  Jumna. 
Lat.  25°  7'-26°  N.;  Ion.  79°  20'-80°  25'  E.  Area,  2289 
square  miles.  It  is  very  level  and  fertile.  Capital,  Humeer- 
poor.   Pop.-  529,137. 

Humene,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Homonna. 

Hume  River,  in  Australia,  flows  N.W.  from  the  Aus- 
tralian Alps  to  near  lat.  34°  45'  S.,  Ion.  143°  E.,  where  it 
joins  the  Murrumbidgee. 

Humeston,  hum'e8-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo., 
Iowa,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  3  chnrohes, 
2  banks,  a  normal  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hydrants  and  wood-turning  machinery.  Pop.  in 
1890,  642.  J  f 

Hum^macon'na,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa. 

Hum'melPs  Store,  a  post-office  of  Berks  oo..  Pa. 

Hum'melPs  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  3  miles  below  Sunbury. 

Hummelo,  hiim^m^h-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  3176. 

Hum'melstown,  a  post-borough  in  Derry  township, 
Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Swatara  River,  and  on  the  Lebanon 
Valley  Railroad,  9i  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  contains  6 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks, 
granite-works,  a  cigar-box  factory,  brick-works,  a  foundry, 
terra-cotta-works,  carriage-factories,  and  a  quarry  of  brown 
sandstone  used  for  building.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Hummock  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Belk. 

Humphrey,  hiim'fre,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co..  Neb., 
30  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Albion.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
a  ^bhc  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  691. 

Humphrey,  a  post-township  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.     Pop.  1071. 

Humphreys,  hfim'friz,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  here  navigable  by  steam- 
boats, and  is  intersected  by  the  Duck  River,  which  enters 
the  former  in  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.    The  surface  is 


hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  &c.  The  soil  is  partlj 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  peanuts,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  sta- 
ple products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  sand- 
stone. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Waverly.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9326;  in  1880,  11,379;  in  1890,  11,720. 

Humphreys,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Milan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  327. 

Hum'phreysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Hump  Isle,  in  Geelvink  Bay,  N.  coast  of  Papua. 

Humpoletz,  h55m'po-ISt8\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  26 
miles  S.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  5050. 

Humptolips,  hump-to'lips,  a  river  of  the  state  of 
Washington,  flows  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through  Chehalia 
CO.,  and  enters  Gray's  Harbor  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Hums,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Homs. 

Hun-Chun,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  9  miles  N.  of  the 
Corean  boundary,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hun-Chun  and 
Toomen  Rivers,  25  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  in 
the  Sea  of  Japan,  in  lat.  42°  45'  N.,  Ion.  130°  20'  E.  It  ij 
one  of  the  two  Chinese  towns  allowed  to  trade  with  Corea. 
It  supplies  the  Coreans  with  dogs,  cats,  horses,  asses,  mules, 
copper,  and  leather,  and  imports  kitchen-furniture,  grain, 
swine,  and  ponies.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Hundley's  (hilnd'liz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Augusta 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton. 

Hun'dred  and  Two,  a  river  of  Missoari,  rises  near 
the  N.  border  of  the  state,  and,  flowing  southward,  falls  into 
the  Platte  River  in  Buchanan  oo.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Joseph. 

Hnndsdorf,  hSSnts'doRf,  or  Hunsdorf,  hdSns'doRf, 
a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  near  Eesmark.     P.  2150. 

Hundsfeld,  hSfinta'fSlt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1195. 

Hundshiibe],  hSSnts'hii-bfl,  a  village  of  Saxony,  cir- 
cle of  Zwickau.     Pop.  1371. 

Hnndsriick,  hSSnts'riik,  a  mountain-region  of  Ger- 
many, covering  the  S.  part  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  between 
the  rivers  Moselle  and  Nahe,  extending  also  S.  into 
Rhenish  Bavaria,  where  it  is  connected  with  the  Vosges. 
It  rises  in  some  places  to  3000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Hund's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Eansaa  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Leavenworth. 

Htlnerwasser,  Bohemia.    See  HDhnerwassbb. 

Hiinfeld,  hiin'filt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau, 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fulda.    Pop.  1634. 

Hungary,  hung'ga-re  (Hun.  Magyar  Ortzdg,  mfid^ySB' 
OR^sig';  L.  ffungaria  and  Ungria ;  Ger.  Ungarn,  55ng'- 
garn ;  Dutch,  Hungarije,  hiing'Hi-rx^^h ;  Fr.  Hongrie, 
h6K«*gree' ;  It.  Ungheria,  oon-g&-ree'& ;  Sp.  Rungria  or 
Ungria,  oong-gree'4),  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe,  form- 
ing that  part  of  the  Austro- Hungarian  monarchy  situated 
between  44°  10'  and  49°  34'  N.  lat.  and  14°  25'  and  26°  20' 
E.  Ion.  Capital,  Buda-Pesth.  Area,  108,258  square  miles. 
Pop.  (1890)  15,122,514.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Carpathian 
Mountains,  which  separate  it  from  Silesia  and  GaUcia,  £. 
and  S.  by  Roumania,  from  which  it  is  also  separated  by  the 
Carpathians,  S.  by  Bosnia  and  Servia,  S.W.  by  Dalmatia  ard 
the  Adriatic,  and  W.  by  Carniola,  Styria,  Lower  Austria, 
and  Moravia.  From  the  fact  that  the  river  Leytha  forms  a 
part  of  its  W.  limit,  it  is  sometimes  palled  Transleithania. 
Within  these  limits  are  comprised  Hungary  proper,  the 
united  kingdom  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  the  grand  duchy 
of  Transylvania,  the  Military  Frontier,  and  the  district  of 
Fiume.  Latterly  Transylvania  has  been  virtually  consoli- 
dated with  Hungary  proper,  but  Croatia  and  Slavonia  have 
a  diet  of  their  own,  subordinate  to  that  of  Hungary,  in 
which,  however,  they  are  represented.  Hungary  proper  ii 
bounded  N.  by  Silesia  and  Galicia;  S.  by  Croatia,  Slavonia, 
and  the  Danube,  separating  it  from  Turkey ;  W.  by  Moravia, 
Lower  Austria,  and  Styria;  and  E.  by  Transylvania  and 
Bukowina.  Area,  87,045  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  ex- 
clusive of  Transylvania,  about  13,600,000.  Including 
Transylvania,  but  excluding  Croatia  and  Slavonia  and  the 
military  confines,  it  is  divided  into  65  counties. 

The  Carpathians  form  a  natural  boundary  on  the  N.  and 
E.  of  Hungary,  and  their  ramifications  render  this  part  of 
the  country  a  mountainous  region.  They  have  different 
names  in  the  numerous  counties  which  they  traverse.  The 
most  important  for  their  metals  are  the  mountains  of 
Barsch,  Honth,  Sohl,  Liptau,  Gomor,  and  Zips.  In  the  W^ 
beyond  the  Danube,  the  country  is  traversed  by  spurs  of 
the  Alps  of  Styria,  to  which  belong  the  Bakony-Wald  and 


HUN 


1437 


HUT« 


the  Vertes  Mountains.  These  different  mountains  enclose 
two  great  plains,  the  smaller  of  which,  about  4200  square 
miles  in  extent,  is  in  the  W.,  between  the  offsets  of  the 
Alps  and  Carpathians,  and  the  other  in  the  centre,  with  an 
area  of  about  21,000  square  miles,  traversed  by  the  Danube 
and  the  Theiss,  at  an  elevation  of  from  300  to  400  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  This  region  is  so  flat  that  the 
rivers  have  a  very  sluggish  course,  and  a  great  part  of  the 
surface  is  covered  with  marshes  and  sand-downs.  The 
rivers  of  Hungary  belong  to  the  basins  of  the  Danube  and 
the  Theiss,  and  have  generally  a  S.  course ;  only  one,  the 
Poprad,  having  a  N.  direction,  and  flowing  to  the  Vistula. 
The  principal  river  is  the  Danube,  which  enters  Hungary 
on  the  W.  at  Presburg,  flows  S.E.  and  E.  100  miles  to  Wait- 
len,  then  S.  180  miles  to  Vukovar,  and  again  generally  E. 
190  miles  to  Orsova,  where  it  enters  Wallachia.  Its  prin- 
cipal affluents  in  Hungary  are,  on  the  right,  the  'Leytha, 
which  divides  this  province  from  Lower  Austria,  the  Raab, 
Sarviz,  and  Drave,  which  last  forms  the  S.  boundary,  W. 
of  the  Danube ;  left,  the  March  (on  the  W.  border),  Waag, 
Noutra,  Gran,  Theiss,  which  has  a  S.  course  of  nearly  400 
miles,  and  numerous  large  tributaries,  and  the  Temes ;  the 
larger  affluents  of  the  Theiss,  which  for  200  miles  flows 
parallel  to  the  Danube,  at  about  60  miles'  distance,  are  the 
Tapolz  and  Hernad  on  the  right,  and  the  Szamos,  Black  and 
White  Koros,  and  Maros  on  the  left.  The  principal  lakes 
are  on  either  side  of  the  Bakony-Wald,  and  are  the  Platten- 
See,  or  Lake  Balaton,  area  382  square  miles,  and  the 
Neusiedler-See,  impregnated  with  salt  and  soda,  between  the 
counties  of  Wieselburg  and  Oedenburg,  which  has  an  area 
of  126  square  miles.  The  whole  extent  of  marsh  in  Hun- 
gary is  reckoned  at  1932  square  miles.  The  largest  canals 
are  the  Franzens  Canal,  connecting  the  Danube  and  the 
Theiss,  and  the  Bega  Canal,  in  the  Banat,  which  also  joins 
the  Danube.  The  climate  varies  exceedingly :  in  the  moun- 
tainous districts  it  is  cold  and  severe,  while  in  the  S.  it  is 
so  genial  that  the  vine,  chestnut,  fig,  and  other  southern  fruits 
are  grown.  Occasionally,  as  in  1863,  it  suffers  greatly  from 
drought.  It  is  in  general  healthy,  except  in  the  marshy 
districts.  Hungary  imports  large  quantities  of  iron  for 
railway  purposes;  agricultural  implements  are  also  im- 
ported in  large  numbers.  The  principal  exports  are  to- 
bacco, wool,  corn,  flour,  and  wine.  The  chief  mineral 
products  are  gold,  silver,  copper,  cobalt,  salt,  alum,  and 
coal.  The  gold-washings  of  several  of  the  rivers  are  im- 
portant. Copper  is  abundant,  and  iron  widely  distributed. 
Opals  are  found  in  the  county  of  Saros.  Coal  and  turf  both 
•  occur,  the  latter  most  widely  distributed,  but  coal  is  little 
worked.  Mineral  springs  are  numerous,  and  many  of 
them  celebrated  for  their  medicinal  qualities.  Soda  lakes 
are  scattered  over  both  the  Hungarian  plains,  and  nitre 
exists  in  vast  quantities.  The  country  is  generally  fertile 
in  grain,  which  is  exported  to  a  considerable  extent.  Chief 
crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  maize,  millet,  buckwheat,  and  rice. 
The  level  regions  of  the  counties  of  B^cs  and  Temesvar 
possess  the  richest  soil.  The  mountains  are  covered  with 
dense  forests.  The  cultivation  of  the  vine  is  carried  to 
great  perfection.  Next  to  France,  Hungary  produces  the 
greatest  quantity  of  wine  of  any  country  in  Europe,  and 
the  quality  of  several  of  its  vintages,  especially  that  of 
Tokay,  is  unrivalled.  Tobacco  is  an  important  product, 
great  part  of  which  is  exported.  Domestic  animals  com- 
prise horses,  horned  cattle,  buffaloes,  sheep,  and  swine. 
The  rich  pastures  of  Hungary  produce  some  of  the  finest 
cattle  in  Europe.  Great  improvements  have  recently  been 
made  in  the  breed  of  sheep.  Swine  are  reared  in  the  forests 
in  vast;,  herds.  Wild  and  domestic  fowls  are  abundant,  and 
bees  are  extensively  reared.  Fish  are  plentiful  in  the 
rivers  and  lakes,  and  the  Theiss  is  reckoned  the  richest  in 
fish  of  any  river  in  Europe.  The  chief  occupations  are 
agriculture,  cattle- rearing,  and  mining.  Manufactures  are 
relatively  unimportant,  comprising  woollens,  linens,  silks, 
leather,  paper,  tobacco,  beer,  and  iron-ware.  Placed  be- 
tween rich  pastoral  countries  on  the  E.  and  manufacturing 
districts  on  the  W.,  Hungary  is  well  situated  for  trade. 
From  500  to  1000  vessels  are  engaged  on  the  Danube  to 
Vienna,  exchanging  grain  and  other  raw  materials  for 
merchandise.  The  constitution  of  Hungary  vests  its  legis- 
lative power,  conjointly  with  the  king,  who  is  also  the  Em- 
peror of  Austria,  in  a  diet  of  two  houses ;  the  first,  that  of 
Magnates,  comprising  731  noblemen  and  dignitaries,  and 
the  second,  the  House  of  Deputies,  numbering  444  delegates 
of  town  and  country  districts,  including  35  representatives 
of  Croatia  and  Slavonia.  The  union  with  Austria  is  formed, 
besides  in  the  person  of  the  monarch,  by  a  body  known  as 
the  Delegations,  numbering  120  members,  each  portion  of 
the  Austro-Huhgarian  empiro  returning  one-half. 


Hungary  is  peopled  by  numerous  distinct  races,  speaking 
different  languages  ;  the  chief  are  Hungarians  or  Magyars, 
to  whom  the  Szeklers  are  kindred,  Slavonians,  Gypsies, 
Jazyges,  Germans,  and  Wallachians.  The  Magyars  are  of 
Asiatic  origin,  and  many  of  them  are  Protestants.  Their 
language  has  recently  been  substituted  for  Latin  in  official 
correspondence.  The  Slavic  races  include  the  Slovacks, 
Croats,  Russniaks,  Servians,  Bulgarians,  &o.  The  Walla- 
chians have  also  their  peculiar  language.  The  Germans, 
who  for  eight  centuries  have  been  spread  over  the  country, 
have  in  many  places  lost  their  language  and  nationality. 
Besides  these  principal  nations,  there  are  many  Greeks,  Ar- 
menians, and  Jews.  The  greatest  number  of  the  inhabit- 
ants are  Roman  Catholics,  and  next  to  these  communicants 
of  the  Greek  Church,  Calvinists,  Lutherans,  and  Jews. 
The  chief  educational  establishments  are  the  universities  at 
Pesth  and  Klausenburg,  schools  of  philosophy,  gymnasia, 
Latin,  and  niunerous  normal  schools.  Education  is  in  a 
backward  state,  although  the  higher  classes  are  well  edu- 
cated and  generally  familiar  with  foreign  languages.  The 
first  inhabitants  of  Hungary  mentioned  in  history  were  the 
Pannonians.  The  Magyars  conquered  it  in  the  ninth  cen- 
tury. Their  followers  embraced  Christianity.  Stephen, 
the  last  duke,  assumed  the  title  of  king  a.d.  1000,  and 
added  Transylvania  to  his  dominions.  Ferdinand  I.  of 
Austria  was  the  first  prince  of  Hapsburg  who  reigned  in 
Hungary,  being  elected  by  the  diet  in  1526,  and  the  suc- 
cession fixed  in  the  Imperial  house  in  1687.  Since  the  ter- 
mination of  the  civil  wars  in  1711,  Austria  has  possessed 
the  country ;  but,  as  the  union  was  voluntary  on  the  part 
of  Hungary,  it  was  never  in  reality  a  dependency  of  Aus- 
tria, the  two  countries  being  united  by  having  a  common 
sovereign,  and  the  power  of  the  king  controlled  by  the 
Hungarian  Diet ;  but  recent  disputes  have  brought  about  a 
change  of  relations  between  the  two  countries.  The  insurrec- 
tion of  1848  was  suppressed,  the  predominant  power  of  the 
Magyars  destroyed,  and  the  rival  nations  who  helped  to 
secure  the  victory  to  Austria  rewarded.  This  led,  in  1860, 
to  a  dismemberment  of  the  ancient  kingdom,  and  the  or- 
ganization of  new  territorial  divisions ;  but  the  constitution 
of  Hungary,  national  parliaments,  trial  by  jury,  Ac,  were 
restored  in  1867,  since  which  year  Hungary  has  come  to 
form,  in  conjunction  with  Austria,  a  bipartite  state,  called 
Austria-Hungary,  or  The  Anstro-Hnngarian  Empire.  See 
Ckoatia,  Slavonia,  and  Transylvania. 

Hun'gary,  a  station  on  the  Richmond  <fc  Fredericksburg 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Hnngen,  hdSng'^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Giessen,  on  the  Horloff.    Pop.  1223. 

Hnngerford,  hiing'ghQr-f9rd,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Wilts,  on  the  Kennet,  and  on  the  Kennet  <fc  Avon  Canal, 
26  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Reading.     Pop.  2309. 

Hungerford)  hiing'gh9r-f9rd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Neway- 
go CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road (Big  Rapids  Branch),  7  miles  S.W.  of  Big  Rapids.  It 
has  2  large  lumber-mills  and  about  20  houses. 

Hungerford  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Tweed. 

Hauingue,  hU^nis"'  (Ger.  Hiiningen,  hii'ning-^n),  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine, 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Basel.    Pop.  2210.    It  has  a  noted  fish 
breeding  establishment. 

Hankiii)  hoon-keen',  a  town  of  Corea,  on  its  £.  coast. 
Lat.  39°  53'  N.;  Ion.  127°  30'  E. 

Han'lock  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Lackawanna  <fc  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Hiinnerwasser,  Bohemia.    See  Hl'hnerwasser. 

Han'neweli)  a  post-village  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Grayson. 
It  has  a  church,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Hunnewell,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  culti- 
vator-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  427. 

Hunnewell's  Point,  post-office,  Sagadahoc  co..  Me. 

Hun'saker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Visalia.  It  commands  a  grand  view  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada. 

Hnnsdorf,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See.  Hundsdorf. 

Hunse,  httn's^h  (anc.  Untin'gia),  a  river  of  the  Nether- 
lands, provinces  of  Drenthe  and  Groningen,  enters  the 
Lauwer  Zee  after  a  N.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Hnns'let,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  Wept  Riding, 
separated  from  Leeds  (of  which  it  is  a  suburb)  by  the  river 
Aire.  It  has  important  woollen  manufactures,  chemical 
works,  potteries,  and  glass-works.     Pox).  37  289. 


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Hnns'lett,  a  sUtion  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
Hun'sucker's   Store,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery 

«»•»  N.C. 

Hunt,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sabine 
River,  two  forks  of  which  rise  in  this  county  and  unite  in 
the  S.  part  of  it.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is 
diversified  with  fertile  prairies  and  forests.  Cattle,  cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Green- 
ville. This  eounty  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas, 
&  Texas  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,291;  in  1880, 17,230;  in  1890,  31,885. 

Hante,  hSSn't^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hanover  and 
Oldenburg,  rises  in  the  marshes  of  Osnabriick,  flows  tortu- 
ously northward,  and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  the 
"Weser  17  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen.     Chief  affluent,  the  Aire. 

Hunt'er,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  A  Selma  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Selma. 

Huntier,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  111.,  8  miles  from 
Beloit,  Wis. 

Hunter,  a  township  of  Edgar  co.,  HI.     Pop.  1029. 

Hunter,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  u  at  Milton 
Station,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Hunter,  a  mining-camp  of  White  Pine  co.,  Nevada, 
with  a  smelting-furnace  for  lead. 

Hunter,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hunter 
township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890, 
699.  It  is  visited  \>j  numerous  tourists  in  summer.  The 
township  comprises  peaks  of  the  Catskill  Mountains,  named 
Round  Top,  High  Peak,  and  Pine  Orchard.     Pop.  2436. 

Hunter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church. 

Hunter,  a  station  in  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Tionesta. 

Hunter,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Herndon.     Here  is  Raker  Post-Office. 

Hunter,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Hunter,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2557. 

Hun'terdon,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  bordering  on 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  434  square  miles.  It  Is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Musconetcong  Creek,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Delaware  River.  It  is  also  drained  by  the 
Lamington  River  and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  the  Musconetcong 
Mountain  lying  in  the  N.W.  portion  of  the  county ;  the 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  butter, 
and  flax  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  quarries  of  lime- 
stone and  freestone.  It  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the 
Pennsylvania,  the  Lehigh  Valley,  and  the  New  Jersey 
Central,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Flemington,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,963  ;  in  1880,  38,570 ; 
in  1890,  35,355. 

Hnnter  Island,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of 
New  Caledonia.     Lat.  22°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  171°  45'  E. 

Hnnter  Island,  in  Micronesia,  Radack  chain.  Lat.  5^ 
42'  N. ;  Ion.  169°  6'  E. 

Hnnter  Islands,  a  group  in  Hunter  Channel,  a  por- 
tion of  Bass's  Strait,  between  Australia  and  Tasmania,  com- 
prising Barren,  Three  Hummocks,  Albatross,  and  some 
smaller  islands. 

Hnnter  River,  in  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  flows 
tortuously  S.  and  E.  300  miles,  and  enters  the  ocean  at  New- 
castle.   It  traverses  a  fine  ooal-region. 

Hnnt'er's,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  40. 

Hunter's,  a  station  in  Illinois,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Van- 
dalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Hunters  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn. 

Hunter's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Lapeer. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hnnter's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Bardstown  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Rail- 
road, about  3  miles  N.W.  of  Bardstown.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  distilleries  of  whisky. 

Hunter's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Hunters  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Hnnter's  Hill,  township,  Gates  eo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1461. 

Hunter's  Hot  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co., 
Montana. 

Hunter's  Island,  a  large  island  of  Canada,  in  Kee- 
watin,  bounded  S.  by  Minnesota,  and  surrounded  by  navi- 
gable hikes  and  streams,  tributaries  of  Rainy  River. 


Hunter's  Island,  or  Onacusa,  o-ni-koo'B&,  aa 
island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  the  Feejee  group.  Lat. 
16°  31'  S.;  Ion.  176°  11'  E. 

Hunter's  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y, 
about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hunter's  Lodge,  a  post-office  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Cobham  Station. 

Hnnter's  JHills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  &  Ohio  Raihroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Wash- 
ington.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hunter's  Point,  a  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
East  River,  forming  the  principal  nucleus  of  Long  Island 
City.  It  is  separated  from  Brooklyn  by  Newtown  Creek, 
and  is  the  principal  western  terminus  of  the  Long  Island 
Railroad  and  of  the  Flushing  &  North  Side  Railroad.  It 
has  16  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  glass, 
furniture,  chemicals,  varnish,  Ac. 

Hunter's  Range,  apost-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Easton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Hunters  Retreat',  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Tex. 

Hunters  Run,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  South  Mountain  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pin^ 
Grove. 

Hunter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Tex. 

Hunt'erstown,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in 
Strabane  township,  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory,  3  stores,  and  about  50 
houses.     Pop.  200. 

Hunt'erstown,  a  post-village  in  Maskinonge  co.,  Que- 
bec, 17  miles  N.W.  of  Riviere  du  Loup  en  haul.  It  oon 
tains  several  large  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Hunt'ersville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

HuntersTiile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of 
Charlotte.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures 
of  sash,  doors,  Ac. 

Huntersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lima. 

Huntersville,  a  village  in  Spring  Creek  township, 
Miami  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Miami  River,  opposite  Piqua.  It  has 
manufactories  of  furniture  and  cigars.     Pop.  233. 

HunteHsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Huntersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
14  miles  S.  of  Greer's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pocahontas- 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
about  90  miles  £.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Hunt'ertown,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Allen 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Huntertown  Station 
on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  A  Saginaw  Railroad.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hunt'ingbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Jasper,  and  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evans- 
ville.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools,  4  news- 
paper offices,  2  brick-works,  a  machine-shop  and  foundry, 
a  pottery,  railroad  repair- shops,  2  planing- mills,  and  2 
flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3167. 

Hunting  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Hunt'ingdale,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  about 
38  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store, 
and  a  stoneware-factory. 

Hnnt'ingdon,  Hunts,  or  Huntingdonshire, 
hunt'ing-d9n-shir,  an  inland  county  of  England,  having  W. 
and  N.  the  county  of  Northampton.  Area,  359  square 
miles.  Surface  in  the  W.,  S.,  and  central  parts  gently 
varied ;  in  the  E.  and  N.E.  flat,  forming  part  of  the  great 
level  of  the  Fens.  Chief  rivers,  the  Ouse  and  Nene.  Agri- 
culture is  in  an  advanced  state.  Horses  are  extensively 
bred.  Chief  towns,  Huntingdon,  Kimbolton,  St.  Ives,  and 
St.  Neots.  The  county  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  British  kingdom  of  the 
Iceni,  and  of  the  Saxon  Mercia.     Pop.  in  1891,  57,772. 

Huntingdon,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  Hunt- 
ingdon CO.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ouse,  here  crossed  by 
bridges,  connecting  it  with  Godmanchester,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Cambridge,  at  a  railway  junction.  The  town  has  2 
ancient  churches,  a  free  grammar-school,  a  green-coat 
school,  a  town  hall,  with  assembly-room,  a  hospital,  county 
jail,  theatre,  baths,  breweries,  and  considerable  trade  by  the 
Ouse.  It  sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Oliver 
Cromwell  was  born  in  Huntingdon,  in  1599.     Pop.  4243. 

Hnnt'ingdon,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  890  square  miles.     It  is  in* 


HUN 


1439 


HUN 


(eraeoted  by  th«  Juniata  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Raystown  Branoh  of  the  same  and  the  Little  Juniata.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  several  mountain-ridges  and  val- 
leys, which  present  beautiful  scenery,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  Rich  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  Broad  Top  Moun- 
tain, in  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mines 
of  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad  terminates 
at  Huntingdon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,251 ;  in  1880, 
33,954 ;  in  1890,  35,751. 

Huntingdon,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Juniata  River  and 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Altoona.  It 
is  98  miles  by  railroad,  but  only  60  miles  by  direct  line, 
W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
mountain-scenery,  and  contains  12  churches,  an  academy, 
a  public  school,  3  banks,  4  newspaper  oflSces,  car-works,  a 
chair-factory,  a  broom-factorj',  sewer-pipe-works,  2  steam 
tanneries,  2  flouring-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a  shoe-factory, 
and  a  brick-yard.  The  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad 
extends  from  this  place  to  Cumberland,  Md.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4125;  in  1890,  5729. 

Huntingdon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co., 
Tenn.,  is  near  Huntingdon  Station  on  the  Nashville  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  which  is  107  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Nashville.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  banks,  woollen-mills,  the  Southern  Normal  Univer- 
sity, and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  707. 

Hunt'ingdon,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  state  of  New  York,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  river 
fit.  Lawrence.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chateauguay  River  and 
other  streams,  and  traversed  at  its  eastern  extremity  by  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Province  Line  division).  Area,  236 
square  miles.     Capital,  Huntingdon.     Pop.  8864. 

Huntingdon,  the  chief  town  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Que- 
bec, is  in  a  fine  farming-country  settled  by  English-speak- 
ing people,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Caughnawaga.  It  contains 
saw-,  grist-,  shingle-,  carding-,  and  planing-mills,  a  foundry, 
an  agricultural-implement-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
about  20  stores.     Pop.  763. 

Huntingdonshire,  England.    See  Huktinsdon. 
Huntingdon  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a 
church,  an  Odd-Fellows'  ball,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Hunting  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  2  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Rockville,  the  capital  of 
the  county.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

Hunt'ington,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  380  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wabash  and  Salamonie  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  more  than  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple 
abounds.  The  soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Erie  Railroad, 
and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Huntington.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,036;  in  1880,  21,805; 
in  1890,27,644. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  4  churohes,  a 
bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  893. 

Huntington,  a  post-township  of  Fairfield  oo.,  Conn., 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  N.E.  by  the  Housatonio  River. 
It  contains  a  post-hamlet  named  Huntington,  which  is  13 
miles  W.  of  New  Haven,  and  a  hamlet  named  Shelton.  It 
has  2  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  silverware,  brackets, 
carriage-joints,  hooks  and  eyes,  &o.     Pop.  1527. 

Huntington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Huntington  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Little  River,  1  or  2  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Wabash,  48  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Logansport,  and  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is  in  Huntington  township, 
«n  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Railroads.  It  contains  10  churches, 
3  banks,  a  free  public  library,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It 
has  extensive  water-power,  railroad  repair-shops,  quarries  of 
limestone,  and  manufactures  of  staves,  spokes,  lime,  pumps, 
and  stirrups.  Pop.  in  1890,  7328;  of  the  township,  9319, 
Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Huntington  township,  on  the  Westfield  River,  and  on 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Spring- 
field. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  woollen-mills, 
and  paper-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1385. 

Huntington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Han- 
nibal. 


Huntington,  a  post-office  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  48  raiiea 
S.  of  Elko. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Sufiblk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  In 
Huntington  township,  and  on  an  inlet  of  Long  Island 
Sound,  called  Huntington  Bay.  It  is  about  38  miles  E.  of 
New  York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Long  Island 
Railroad.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  public  hall,  a  union  school,  a  pottery,  a  thimble-factory, 
and  a  windmill.  Pop.  in  1890,  3028.  The  township,  which 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  contains  other 
villages,  named  Cold  Springs  and  Northport,  and  a  total 
pop.  of  8277. 

Huntington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  2967.     It  contains  Aberdeen. 

Huntington,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop.  1651. 
It  contain  Ewington  and  Vinton. 

Huntington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Huntington  township, 
Lorain  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  14 
miles  S.  of  Oberlin.  The  township  contains  3  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  688. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  47 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Baker  City.  It  has  a  church,  a 
public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  321. 

Huntington,  a  township  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1557.     It  contains  New  Columbus. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.,  15 
miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Laurens  Court  House. 

Huntington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Huntington  township, 
Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  Camel's  Hump  is 
on  the  E.  border  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  township,  723. 

Huntington,  a  post-town  and  railroad  terminus,  the 
capital  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Guyandotte  River,  and  18  miles  above 
Ironton.  It  is  52  miles  W.  of  Charleston.  It  contains 
Marshall  College,  a  state  normal  school,  12  churches,  3 
banks,  public  schools,  3  or  4  newspaper  offices,  3  planing- 
mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  car-wheels,  lumber, 
and  cigars.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,108. 

Huntington  Bay,  a  small  arm  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York  City. 

Huntington  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.,  in  Huntington  township,  about  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Montpelier.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntington  City,  Maryland.    See  Bowie. 

Huntington  Mines,  Quebec.    See  Dillon. 

Hnnt'ingtown,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  57 
miles  S.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  stores  and  2  churches. 

Hnnt'ingville,  a  post- village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
2  miles  from  Lennox ville.     Pop.  100. 

Huntley,  Illinois.    See  Huntley  Grove. 

Huntley,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Montana. 

Huntley,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co..  N.C. 

Huntley  Grove  (Post-Offioe  Huntley),  a  post-village 
of  McHenry  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
Railroad.  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  flax-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  550. 

Hunt'ly,  a  town  of  Scotland,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Bogie  and  Deveron,  co.  and  34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Aber- 
deen. It  has  2  bridges,  a  large  market-place,  several 
churches,  3  branch  banks,  some  linen-bleaching-works,  and 
considerable  exports  of  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  3750. 

HunHoon',  a  station  in  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the  Soioto 
Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Ciroleville. 

Hunts,  a  county  of  England.    See  Huntingdon. 

Hunt's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Por- 
tage township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.B.  ol 
Warsaw.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Hunts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  lu 
Huntsburg  township,  3  miles  from  East  Claridon  Station, 
and  about  38  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  or  3  chnrche* 
Pop.  of  the  township,  824. 

Hunts  City,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  111. 

Hunt's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N. K., 
in  Lapeer  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Marathon.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  cheese. 

Hunt's  Grove,  a  station  of  the  Indianapolis,  Cincin- 
nati &  Lafayette  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Hunt's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Newton.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ao. 

Hunt's  Mills,  Providence  co.,  R.I.    See  Ohega. 

Hunt's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  an  eleva 
tion  of  12,446  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Hunt's  Point,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  New 
York  City,  on  the  New  Rochelle  Branch  of  the  New  YorR 
A  New  Haven  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Harlem  River  Station 


HUN 


1440 


HUR 


Hunt's  Point,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  8  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  300. 

Hunt's  Station,  Jasper  oo.,  HI.    See  Falmooth. 

Hunt's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad  (Lake  Erie  division),  6  miles  S. 
of  Mount  Vernon. 

Hunt's  Station,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Winchester  &  Alabama  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Winchester.     It  has  several  stores. 

Hunts'ville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  212  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Memphis,  98  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and 
about  200  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.  It  contains  13  churches, 
3  banks,  public  schools,  a  male  academy,  the  Huntsville 
Female  College,  a  court-house,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  cotton- 
mills,  and  2  manufactories  of  sash  and  blinds.  Four  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  This  is  the  most  populous 
and  important  town  of  Northern  Alabama.  Pop.  in  1890, 
7795. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co..  Ark., 
about  140  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1890, 
362. 

Huntsville,  a  village  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  43  miles  S. 
of  Denver,  and  1  mile  from  Larkspur  Station. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Canaan  township,  about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  public  schools,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in 
Huntsville  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  and  about  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and 
furniture.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1228. 

Huntsville,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall 
Creek,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  f  mile 
from  Pendleton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Huntsville,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  West 
River  township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  8  stores.  Pop.  130. 
Here  is  Trenton  Post-Office. 

Huntsville,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Huntsville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Huntsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Miss., 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Winona.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntsville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Mo.,  is  near  the  East  Chariton  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mo- 
berly,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Mount  Pleasant 
College  (Baptist),  lumber-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  agricultural  implements.  Pop.  in  1890,  1836. 
Here  are  mineral  springs  and  coal-mines. 

Huntsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Newton.     It  haa  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Huntsville,  New  York.    See  West  Day. 

Huntsville,  township,  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.     P.  1880. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Yadkin  River,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Huntsville,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  eo.,  0.,  1  mile  from 
Hughes  Station. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Bellefontaine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  new8> 
paper  office,  and  flour-  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Huntsville,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  29  miles  W.S.W.  of  Har- 
risburg. 

Huntsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lnseme  oo.,  Pa.,  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Huntsville,  a  village  of  Burrillville  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.    Pop.  147. 

Huntsville,  apost-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn., 
about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Huntsville  Branch  of  the  International  <k  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Phelps,  where  it  con- 
nects with  the  main  line,  74  miles  N.  of  Houston,  and  about 
64  miles  E.  of  Bryan.  It  contains  8  churches,  the  state 
penitentiary,  a  court-house,  the  Andrew  Female  College, 
the  Austin  College  (Presbyterian),  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  2536;  in  1890,  1509. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,Utah,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Ogden.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Huntsville,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  W.  Va.,  50 
aiile«  S.  by  W.  of  Parkersburg. 


Hunyad,  hoon^yid'  (Hun.  Hunyath.,  hoon^yit'),  » 
county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Transylvania.  Area,  266ff 
square  miles.     Pop.  257,461. 

Huon,  hoo'on,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  joins  D'Entre- 
casteaux  Channel  by  an  estuary  3  miles  across. 

Huon  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  a  group  N.W.  of  New 
Caledonia. 

Hu-Peh,  a  province  of  China.    See  Hoo-Pe. 

Hurd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  Chest 
Creek,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Hurda,  hUr'di,  a  populous  fortified  town  of  India,  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Mysore,  with  a  temple  of  Seeva. 

Hurdah,  or  Harda,  hur'd&,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  48  miles  S.W.  of  Hoshungabad.  It  is  on  the  O-rea* 
Peninsular  Railway.     Pop.  7499. 

Hnrd'land,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa. 

Hurdland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Quincy,  Missouri  A  Pacific  Railroad,  54  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Quincy,  111.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  wagon* 
and  washing-machines. 

Hur'dle's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Hurdoee,  hur'do-ee,  or  Hardui,  hfir'doo-ee,  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  Hurdoee  district,  60  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6415. 

Hurdoee,  or  Hardui,  a  district  of  the  Seetapoor 
division,  North-West  Provinces,  India,  between  the  Ganges 
and  the  Goomtee.  Area,  2286  square  miles.  Capital,  Hur 
doee.     Pop.  931,377. 

Hurdooagunge,  hQrMoo-9,-gtinj',  or  Hardeogaqj* 
hQrMe-9-gunj',  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Alighur,  6  miles 
E.  of  Coel.     Pop.  5202. 

Hurd's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  East  Dattok. 

Hurd'town,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  on  the  Ogden  Mine 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Hopatcong.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  100. 

Hurd  war,  hiirdVar'  (originally  Hari-dwar,  "  gate  of 
Vishnu,"  or  Oangi-dtoar,  "gate  of  the  Ganges"),  a  town 
and  place  of  pilgrimage  of  India,  district  and  36  miles  E. 
of  Seharunpoor,  on  the  Ganges,  where  it  issues  from  the 
mountains.  The  town  is  small,  but  at  the  spring  equinox 
the  largest  fair  in  India  is  held  here,  attended  annually  by 
from  200,000  to  300,000  persons,  and  every  twelfth  year  by 
from  1,000,000  to  2,000,000  pilgrims  and  dealers.  Large 
numbers  of  horses,  cattle,  and  camels,  with  Persian  dried 
fruits,  drugs,  and  shawls,  are  brought  hither  from  Nepaul, 
the  Punjab,  Afghanistan,  and  Bokhara. 

Hureekee,  hoo-ree'kee\  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Sutlej,  just  below  the  influx  of  the  Beas,  33  miles  S.  of 
Amritsir.  Though  small,  it  has  an  active  trade,  being  on 
the  route  between  the  Punjab  and  the  rest  of  India. 

Hurff'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
about  13  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  church,  a  creamery, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hurin,  hoo-reen'  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Zohab.  Here  are  massive 
remains  of  stone  buildings  of  high  antiquity. 

Hur'ley,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Kingston,  and  about  54  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  .about  200. 

Hurley,  a  post-village  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Parker.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  creamery.    Pop.  (1890)  344. 

Hurley,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  about  52 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
an  academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2267. 

Hur'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  33 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Hurlford,  hiirrford',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  3 
miles  S.  of  Kilmarnock.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  3488. 

Hurl  Gate,  New  York.     See  Hell  Gate. 

Hnr'lock,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  17  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  creamery,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Hu'ron,  Lake,  formerly  pronounced  hu-ron',  the  third 
in  size  of  the  five  great  lakes  of  North  America  communi- 
cating with  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  lies  between  43°  and 
46°  15'  N.  lat.  and  between  80°  and  84°  40'  W.  Ion.,  being 
bounded  on  the  S.S.W.  by  the  state  of  Michigan,  and  in 
other  directions  by  the  Canadian  province  of  Ontario.  It 
receives  its  main  supplies  from  Lakes  Michigan  and  Supe- 
rior, by  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw  and  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
its  outlet  is  called  St.  Clair  River.  It  is  divided  into  two 
unequal  portions  by  a  long  peninsula  named  Cabot's  Head, 
and  the  Manitoulin  chain  of  islands.  The  parts  to  the  N. 
and  E.  are  called  Manitou  (t.e.,  the  Great  Spirit)  Bay,  ortht 
North  Channel,  and  Georgian  Bay.    With  the  exception  of 


HUR 


1441 


HUR 


these  bodies  of  water  and  Saginaw  Bay,  the  outline  of 
Lake  Huron  approaches  in  form  very  nearly  to  a  orescent. 
Its  position,  lengthwise,  is  about  S.S.E.  and  IC.N.W.,  and 
the  distance  from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  following  the 
curve,  does  not  vary  much  from  280  miles.  The  greatest 
breadth,  exclusive  of  Georgian  Bay,  is  105  miles;  average 
breadth,  70  miles;  area,  21,000  square  miles.  The  surface 
of  the  water  is  elevated  19  feet  above  Lake  Erie,  352  feet 
above  Lake  Ontario,  and  578  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  depth  of  Lake  Huron  is  greater  than  that  of  any  other  in 
the  chain,  averaging,  probably,  not  less  than  1000  feet.  OfiF 
Saginaw  Bay,,  it  is  said  that  leads  have  been  sunk  1800 
feet,  or  1200  feet  below  the  level  of  the  Atlantic,  without 
reaching  bottom.  The  waters  are  remarkably  clear,  espe- 
cially towards  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw,  and  very  pure  and 
sweet.  This  lake  is  said  to  contain  upwards  of  3000  con- 
siderable islands.  It  is  the  reservoir  of  numerous  streams, 
and  its  coast  affords  some  fine  harbors.  Like  most  of  the 
other  lakes  in  the  chain,  it  is  subject  to  fearful  storms;  but 
its  navigation  is  not  generally  considered  dangerous. 

Huroiiy  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan.  Area, 
750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by 
Lake  Huron,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Saginaw  Bay.  It  is 
drained  by  Pigeon  River  and  other  streams.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  pine  abounds.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
potatoes.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette 
and  Saginaw,  Tuscola  &  Huron  Railroads.  Capital,  Bad 
Axe.    Pop.  in  1870,  9049 ;  in  1880,  20,089 ;  in  1890,  28,545. 

Huron,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of 
about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Huron  and 
Vermilion  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  railroads  named  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis,  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio,  and  the 
Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie.  Capital,  Norwalk.  Pop.  in  1870, 
28,532;  in  1880,  31,609;  in  1890,  31,949. 

Huron,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Vincennes. 

Huron,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  in  Huron 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  20  miles  above 
Burlington.    Here  is  a  church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  861. 

Huron,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  437. 

Huron,  a  village  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  1  mile  S.  of 
Houghton.     It  has  copper-mines. 

Huron,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  bounded  N.E. 
by  Lake  Huron.     Pop.  372.     It  contains  Huron  City. 

Huron,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  traversed  by 
the  Huron  River.     Pop.  1738. 

Huron,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oswego.  It  is  deeply 
indented  by  Sodus  Bay,  across  which  a  long  carriage-bridge 
has  been  built.  Here  are  cliffs,  called  Chimney  Bluffs, 
which  are  nearly  200  feet  high.  It  contains  a  hamlet 
named  North  Huron.     Pop.  of  township,  1861. 

Huron,  a  post-village  in  Huron  township,  Erie  co., 
0.,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sandusky,  and  about 
44  miles  by  water  W.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Wheeling  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railroad.  It  is  at  the  mouth 
of  Huron  River  (which  serves  as  a  harbor),  and  is  con- 
nected with  Milan  by  a  navigable  canal.  It  has  a  high 
school,  5  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  barrel-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  town  hall. 
Large  quantities  of  fish  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1380  ;  of  the  township,  2185. 

Huron,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Beadle  co.,  S.D.,  119  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Pierre,  and  33  miles  by  rail  W.  of  De 
Smet.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  academies,  and  6 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3038. 

Hu'ron,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ontario,  bordering 
on  Lake  Huron.  Area,  1288  square  miles.  This  county  is 
watered  by  the  Maitland  and  its  tributaries,  and  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  It  is  a  good  farming-coun- 
try, and  has  also  many  facilities  for  lumbering,  fishing,  and 
ship-building.  Extensive  salt-wells  are  worked  near  its 
chief  town,  Goderich.     Pop.  65,165. 

Huron  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Superior,  12  miles  N.E.  of  L'Anse.  It  has  quarries  of  good 
roofing-slate. 

Huron  City,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Huron  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bay  City.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 


Huron  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  among  the  small 
lakes  of  Oakland  and  Livingston  cos.,  flows  southwesterly  to 
Portage  Lake,  and,  turning  thence  towards  the  S.E.,  enters 
Lake  Erie  20  miles  S.  of  Detroit.  It  is  90  miles  long.  In 
the  upper  course  it  is  called  WoodrufPs  Creek. 

Huron  River,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state, 
and,  flowing  through  Huron  and  Erie  cos.,  enters  Lake  Erie 
at  the  village  of  Huron. 

Huron  Station,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.    See  Rockwood. 

Hnrreepoor,  or  Haripur,  httr^ree-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  Huzara  district,  Punjab,  80  miles  E. 
of  Peshawer.     Pop.  4646. 

Hurrial,  hfir-re-ir,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Bengal,  78  miles  N.W.  of  Dacca. 

Hurriana,  hur-re-&n'3,,  a  region  of  Northwestern  In- 
dia, now  chiefly  included  in  the  Hissar  division. 

Hurriana,  a  town  of  the  Jullinder  division,  India 
Pop.  7745. 

Hur'ricane,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hurricane,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Ark. 

Hurricane,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  111.    Pop.  1333*. 

Hurricane,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  III. 
Pop.  724.  It  contains  the  village  of  Van  Bnrensburg, 
where  is  Hurricane  Post-Office. 

Hurricane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ey.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  2i  miles  above  Elizabethtown,  HI.  Much 
produce  is  shipped  here. 

Hurricane,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Miss.,  on  or 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  25  miles  below  Vicksburg. 

Hurricane,  a  station  in  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville <fc  Decatur  Railroad,  51  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Hurricane,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  25  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  207. 

Hurricane  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tensas  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  A 
Montgomery  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Hurricane  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Hurricane  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hurricane  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Saline  co.,  runt 
southward  through  Grant  co.,  and  enters  the  Saline  River. 

Hurricane  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Satilla  River 
in  Ware  co.  It  is  also  called  Telfair  Creek.  Little  HurH- 
cane  Creek  enters  it  in  the  N.  part  of  the  same  county. 

Hurricane  Creek,  in  the  W.  centralpart  of  Tennes- 
see, rises  in  Dickson  oo.,  and,  flowing  S.W.,  enters  Duck 
River  in  Humphreys  co. 

Hurricane  Creek,apost-officeof  Lauderdaleco.,  Miss. 

Hurricane  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Platteville. 

Hurricane  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.. 
Ark.,  22  miles  S.  of  Hope.     It  has  a  church. 

Hurricane  Island,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  on 
Hurricane  Island,  in  the  entrance  of  Penobscot  Bay,  4  mil«i 
S.W.  of  Carver's  Harbor.     Here  are  granite-quarries. 

Hurricane  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  S.  of  Waverly.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen 
mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Hurricane  Mountain,  New  York,  a  peak  of  the 
Adirondacks,  has  an  altitude  of  3763  feet. 

Hurricane  Shoals,  post-office,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Hurricane  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hur^ripaul'  (originally  Haripala),  a  town,  or  large 
collection  of  hamlets,  of  Bengal,  district  and  23  miles  S.W. 
of  Hoogly. 

Hurrur,  or  Hourour,  boo Voor',  written  also  Harar, 
a  walled  town  of  East  Africa,  capital  of  the  district  of  the 
same  name,  in  lat.  9°  37'  N.,  Ion.  41"  35'  E.,  175  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Zeyla,  in  a  verdant  valley.  It  carries  on  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  slaves,  coffee,  ivory,  ghee,  ostrich  feathers, 
gums,  Ac.  The  people  are  rigid  Mohammedans ;  their  lan- 
guage is  peculiar,  having  an  affinity  to  the  Amharic,  and 
they  use  the  Arabic  character.     Pop.  35,000. 

Hurrur,  Harrar,  or  Harar,  a  district  of  East  Africa, 
lying  between  Abyssinia  and  the  Somaulee  country,  but 
since  1875  belonging  by  conquest  to  the  Khedive  of  Egypt. 
It  produces  fine  coffee.     Capital,  Hurrur.     Pop.  1,900,000 

Hur^ryhur',  or  Harihar,  hur'r^-hiir',  a  town  of 
India,  in  Mysore,  on  the  Toombuddra,  45  miles  N.W.  of 
Chitteldroog.     Pop.  6401. 

Hurst,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Hurst  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  oo.,  Kaosaa, 
on  the  Chikaskia  Creek,  55  miles  S.  of  Wichita. 


HUR 


1442 


HUZ 


Hurts'boro*,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  20 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Seale.  It  has  5  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  433. 

Hurt's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  at 
Staunton  River  Station  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad. 

Hurf  River,  Afghanistan.    See  Herbi-Rood. 

Hnsavik,  hoo'si-vik,  a  village  of  Iceland,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Skjalfandi  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast,  here  lined  by  bold 
cliffs.     It  has  manufactures  of  sulphur. 

Hush,  Husch,  hoosh,  or  Hnsi,  a  town  of  Roumania, 
47  miles  S.E.  of  Yassy.  It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see.  P.  18,500. 

Hushak,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ushak. 

Hush-Eon,  hush-i-on',  a  town  of  China,  in  Quang- 
Tong,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Hainan,  about  3  miles 
from  Howi-Howe,  It  is  surrounded  with  walls  40  feet 
high  by  30  feet  thick,  with  a  parapet.  Pop.  of  the  town 
and  suburbs,  about  200,000. 

Husiatyn,  hoos-yi-teen',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
20  miles  E.  of  Czortkow,  adjacent  to  a  small  Russian  town 
of  the  same  name.     Pop.  4427. 

HusoAva,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Deutsch-Hause. 

Husseinpoor,  hus-sin-poor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
of  Moradabad,  62  miles  E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7423. 

Hussinetz,  hoos'se-nSts,  or  Gussnitz,  gSSs'nits,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1610. 

Hussinetz,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Reichenbach.     Pop.  1281. 

Hussingabad,  British  India.     See  Hoshunoabad. 

Hu'sted,  a  post-office  and  station  in  El  Paso  co.,  Col., 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Col- 
orado Springs. 

Husted,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Bridgeton  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Bridgeton. 

Husted's,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Hustisford,  hus'tis-ford,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co., 
Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  in  Hustisford  township,  about  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Juneau,  and  44  miles  N.W,  of  Milwaukee.  It  is 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Woodland  Station.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  2 
flonr-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  513  ;  of  the  township,  1639. 

Hus'tontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Hus'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ey.,  about 
46  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  academies.     Pop.  in  1890,  435. 

Husum,  hoo's55m,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Sleswick.  It  contains  a  fine  modern 
Gothic  church,  an  ancient  castle,  a  normal  school,  and  a 
hospital,  and  has  considerable  trade,  including  manufac- 
tures of  tobacco,  cotton  prints,  and  woollen  stuffs.    P.  5755. 

Husum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Hcizuu. 

Huswa,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hisooah. 

Husztb,  boost,  or  Kbuszt,  Koost,  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, at  the  junction  of  the  Theiss  with  the  Nagy  Ag,  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  6413. 

Hntch'ins,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

Hutch'inson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Da- 
kota. Area,  795  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  River,  or  Rividre  El  Jacques,  also  called  James  River. 
The  surface  is  an  undulating  plain,  in  which  timber  is 
scarce.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  It 
Is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road.   Capital,  Olivet.    Pop.  in  1880,  6573 :  in  1890, 10,469. 

Hutchinson,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 
traversed  by  the  Canadian  River.    Area,  900  square  miles. 

Hutchinson,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Col.,  about 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Denver. 

Hutchinson,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital 
of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  33  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Newton,  and  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Wichita. 
It  has  17  churches,  a  graded  school  system,  a  state  reform- 
atory costing  $1,000,000,  2  national  and  2  state  banks,  2 
flonring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  an  ice-factory  with  a  capacity 
of  30  tons  daily,  a  packing-house,  creamery,  lumber-yards, 
boiler-works,  tobacco-establishments,  and  offices  from  which 
are  issued  a  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  Underlying 
the  city,  at  a  depth  of  400  feet,  is  a  vein  of  rock-salt  325 
feet  in  thickness,  in  working  which  are  16  plants  having  a 
capacity  of  6000  barrels  per  day.     Pop.  in  1890,  8682. 

Hutchinson,  or  Hutch'ison,  a  post-office  and  sta- 
tion of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hutchinson,  a  post-village  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  vSouth  Fork  of  Crow  River,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St. 
Paul,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Glencoe.     It  has  8 


churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1414;  of  the  township,  1869. 

Hutchinson's,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Belvidere. 

Hutchinson's,  a  station  in  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (main  line),  38  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Wheeling. 

Hutchinson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
10  miles  N.  of  Raleigh. 

Huth,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind. 

Huthera,  an  island  of  Africa.    See  Peuba. 

Hutnee,  a  town  of  India.     See  HuTTAiTr. 

Hnt'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Hutsonville  township, 
Crawford  co..  111.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  30  miles  below 
Terre  Haute,  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Robinson,  and  36 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  saw-  and  lumber-mill,  and  manufactures  of  bricks 
and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Huttah,  or  Hata,  hfit'ta,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dumoh.     Pop.  7106. 

Huttany,hut'ta-nee',  or  Hut'nee,  called  also  Atha- 
ni,  &t'a-nee,  and  Athni,  &t'nee,  a  town  of  India,  district 
of  Belgaum,  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bejapoor,  in  lat.  16°  45' 
N.,  Ion.  75°  7'  E.  It  carries  on  an  extensive  trade  in  grain 
with  Bombay,  Surat,  and  other  emporiums.     Pop.  11,588. 

Htttteldorf,  hiit't^l-doEf,  or  Uteldorf,  oo't^l-doRT, 
a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Wien,  5  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1818. 

Hiittenberg,  biit't§n-bSRO\  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Carinthia,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Klagenfurth. 

Httttenheim,  hiit't^n-hlme^  (Fr.  pron.  hiit^tJn'fim'), 
or  Hettenem,  a  village  in  Alsace.     Pop.  2324. 

Hiittenrode,  hiit't^n-roM^h,  a  village  of  Brunswick, 
S.W.  of  Blankenburg.     Pop.  1018. 

Hnt'to,  a  post-office  ana  station  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad  (Brazos 
division),  27  miles  N.E.  of  Austin. 

Hut'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coles  oo.,  111.,  in  Hutton  town- 
ship, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charleston.    Pop.  of  township,  2196. 

Hutton,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

Hutton's,  a  staUon  on  the  main  line  of  the  Baltimore 
<k  Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Altamont,  Md. 

Hutton's  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Garrett  co.,  Md. 

Hut'tonsville,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Vu 
on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charles  • 
ton.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hutton  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howell  co.,  Mo.,  5U 
miles  8.  by  W.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church  and  20  houses. 

Huttweil,  Hatweil,  hoot'^ile,  or  Huttwyl,  hoot' 
^il,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  22  miles  N.E.  of 
Bern. 

Hux'ley,  a  post-office  of  Laarel  co.,  Ey. 

Hny,  hoi,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Liege  by  railway,  and  on  tne  Mouse,  here 
crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.  Pop.  11,744.  It  is  enclosed  by 
heights,  and  has  a  citadel,  iron-works,  and  breweries,  with 
tile-,  paper-,  leather-,  glue-,  and  other  factories,  and  an  active 
trade  in  com. 

Hnysse,  hois'sfh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 11  miles  S.W,  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3600. 

Hnyton,  hl'tgn,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Manchester  &  Liverpool  Railway,  5^  miles  E.  of 
Liverpool. 

Huzara,  hiiz'&-r&,  Huzrah,  hilz'r&,  or  Huzroo, 
hiiz'roo,  a  commercial  town  of  the  Huzara  district,  28  miles 
E.  of  Attock.     Lat.  33°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  46'  E. 

Huzara,  or  Hazara,  hiiz'&-ri,  a  district  of  the  Pun- 
jab, Peshawer  division.  Area,  2835  square  miles.  Capital, 
Hurreepoor.     Pop.  367,218. 

Huzareh  (huz'^-r^h)  and  £imauk  (i.^mawk',  also 
written  Eimak,  i^mik')  Country,  a  mountainous  re- 
gion of  Afghanistan,  mostly  between  lat.  31°  30'  and  37* 
N.  and  Ion.  62°  and  68°  E.,  and  estimated  to  comprise 
80,000  square  miles,  with  a  pop.  of  350,000.  The  surface  is 
wholly  mountainous,  and  in  some  parts  14,000  feet  in  ele- 
vation. The  Moorghaub,  Helmund,  Urghundaub,  and  other 
streams  rise  in  this  region.  The  inhabitants  are  of  Mongol 
descent,  very  poor,  and  subject  to  their  more  powerful 
neighbors.  They  receive  turbans,  cotton  cloths,  tobacco, 
dyes,  and  carpets  from  the  rest  of  Afghanistan,  and  rice,  cot- 
ton, and  salt  from  Toorkistan,  in  exchange  for  slaves,  cattle, 
sheep,  butter,  strong  woollens,  felt,  sacks,  grain,  lead,  and 
sulphur.  Silver  and  copper  ores  are  met  with,  but  no  minei 
are  wrought.  Principal  villages,  Ghore,  Siri  Pool,  and 
Andkhoo.  The  Huzareh,  who  dwell  east  of  the  Eimauks, 
are  Sheeites ;  the  Eimauks  are  orthodox  Moslems. 


HVA 


1443 


HYD 


Uval5e,  hvi'lo*§h,  or  HvalOen,  hvl'lo^^n,  called 
also  Qualoe^  or  Kvaloe,  an  island  of  Norway,  Nord- 
land,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  69°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  30' 
E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  27  miles;  breadth,  14  miles. 
Upon  it  is  Hammerfest,  the  northernmost  town  of  Europe. 

Hvalder,  or  Hvaloerne,  hy&ro-&R^ndh,  an  island 
group  in  the  Skager-Raok,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Ghris- 
tiania-Fiord. 

HveU)  or  HveeU)  hvain,  a  Danish  island,  in  the  Sound, 
8  miles  S.  of  Elsinore,  and  long  the  residence  of  Tycho 
Brahe,  remains  of  whose  observatory  exist  here. 

Hvidding,  hvid'ding,  or  Hvityug,  hvee'tiing,  a  vil- 
lage of  Denmark,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ribe.     Pop.  572. 

Hviddingsde^  hvid'dings-o^^h,  a  small  island  of  Nor- 
way, in  the  Bukke-Fiord,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Stavanger.  A 
light-house  has  been  erected  on  its  S.  extremity. 

Hvityng)  a  village  of  Denmark.    See  Hviddino. 

Hwang-Yuen,  China.    See  Hoang-Yan. 

Hwlfordd,  South  Wales.    See  Haverford-'West. 

Hyabarry,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabary. 

Hyan'nis,  a  post- village  and  seaport  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Barnstable  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Cape  Cod  (Old  Colony)  Railroad,  79 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  shoe-factory.  Pop. 
about  1500. 

Hyan'nis  Light,  on  Point  Qammon,  at  the  entrance  of 
Hyannis  Harbor,  S.  side  of  Cape  Cod,  Mass.  It  is  a  fixed 
light,  with  an  elevation  of  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
«ea.     Lat.  41°  38'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  15'  W. 

Hyannisi  Port,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in  Barnstable  township,  on  the  ocean, 
2  miles  from  Hyannis  Railroad  Station,  and  about  80  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  hotel,  an  exchange  build- 
ing, and  about  25  houses. 

Hyapura,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Japura. 

Hy'att's,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus «fc  Toledo  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Delaware.  Post-office, 
Hyattville. 

Hy'attstown,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hy'attsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Hyattsville,  a  post- village  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  on  the  AVashington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Washington.  It  is  adjacent  to 
Bladensburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  40  residences. 

Hyattville,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.  See 
Hyatt's. 

Hybia  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  Paterno. 

Hyby,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Geib. 

Hycatu,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Icatu. 

Hy'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va.,  on  the  Hyco 
River,  115  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Hycoo'tee  River  rises  in  Caswell  co.,  N.C.,  runs 
northeastward  into  Virginia,  and  enters  the  Dan  River  in 
Halifax  co.,  about  10  miles  from  the  junction  of  the  Staun- 
ton River  with  the  Dan. 

Hydaspes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Jhyluh. 

Hyde,  hide,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.  of  Stockport.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  cotton-mills.     Pop.  14,223. 

Hyde,  hide,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  and  S.  by  Pamlico  Sound,  and  contains  Mattamus- 
keet  Lake  and  several  other  lakes.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  forests  and  swamps.  Indian 
corn,  rice,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Swan  Quarter. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6445;  in  1880,  7765;  in  1890,  8903. 

Hyde,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Dakota, 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River.  Area,  850 
square  miles.     Capital,  Highmore.     Pop.  in  1890,  1860. 

Hyde  Park,  a  former  post-town  of  Cook  co.,  HI.,  but 
now  the  southern  suburban  section  of  Chicago,  to  which 
city  it  was  annexed  in  1889.  Here  are  stations  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central  and  Michigan  Central  Railroads,  about  6  miles 
from  the  initial  station,  and  here  is  the  famous  Jackson 
Park,  the  site  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  In  this  sec- 
tion are  15  churches,  an  elegant  high  school,  a  circulating 
library,  an  astronomical  observatory,  and  the  new  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  with  an  endowment  of  about  $5,000,000. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hyde  Park  township,  on  the  Neponset  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  <fc  New  England  and  Old  Colony  Railroads,  7  or 
8  miles  S.  by.  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  grammar-school,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper 


offices,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  curled  hair,  machinery, 
paper,  morocco,  chemicals,  edge-tools,  rubber,  and  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  10,193. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Zumbro  River,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lake  City,  and  about 
22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Red  Wing. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hyde  Park  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Poughkeepsie,  and 
79  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  finely  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence, and  has  4  churches,  many  villas  or  country-seats,  and 
a  steamboat-landing.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2821. 

Hyde  Park,  a  village  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Long  Island 
City,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Jamaica.     Pop.  100. 

Hyde  Park,  a  former  borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lackawanna  River.  In  1860  it  was  annexed  to  the 
city  of  Scranton,  of  which  it  constitutes  the  4th,  5th,  6th, 
14th,  and  15th  wards. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  1  mile 
from  the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Logan,  and 
about  100  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lamoille  co., 
Vt.,  in  Hyde  Park  township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and 
on  the  Vermont  division  of  the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  and  about  26 
miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  the  Lamoille  Central  Acad- 
emy, a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lumber,  butter-tubs,  and  hard -wood  flooring.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1633, 

Hyderabad,  hiM^r-^-b&d',  written  also  Hydrabad, 
a  fortified  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  state  of  Hyderabad, 
on  the  Musah,  or  Mussey,  a  tributary  of  the  Kistnan,  here 
crossed  by  a  large  stone  bridge.  Lat.  17°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  78° 
33'  E.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  line  of  railway.  Population 
(1891),  including  suburbs,  415,039,  comprising  Rohillas, 
Arabs,  Afghans,  &nd  Patans,  mostly  Moslems,  this  having 
long  been  the  stronghold  of  Mohammedanism  in  the  Dec- 
can.  The  city,  about  4  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
breadth,  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall,  and  irregularly  laid 
out.  The  streets  are  narrow,  crooked,  and  ill  paved.  The 
houses  are  mostly  of  wood,  and  of  only  one  story,  but  there 
are  some  rich,  noble  residences,  containing  collections  of 
pictures,  natural  curiosities,  and  European  porcelain,  and 
one  handsomely  fitted  up  in  the  European  fashion.     The 

Srincipal  public  buildings  are  the  Nizam's  palace,  the  "  Four 
[inarets,  and  numerous  other  mosques.  Outside  of  the 
city,  on  the  road  to  the  British  station  of  Secunderabad,  3 
miles  N.,  is  the  royal  cannon-foundry,  also  a  magnificent 
residence,  formerly  that  of  the  British  representative,  and 
some  other  fine  country-seats.  Among  the  curiosities  of 
Hyderabad  is  the  Nizam's  regiment  of  women,  who  per- 
form all  military  duties  the  same  as  men. 

Hyderabad,  or  the  Nizam's  Dominions,  a  native 
state  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Madras 
presidency,  W.  by  the  Bombay  presidency,  N.  chiefly  by 
Berar,  and  N.E.  by  the  Central  Provinces.  Area,  93,000 
square  miles.  The  country  is  a  fertile  though  ill-culti- 
vated table-land,  traversed  by  the  Qodavery  in  the  N.  and 
the  Kistnah  in  the  S.  There  are  extensive  pestilential 
marshes  and  jungles  in  some  parts,  but  elsewhere  the  coun- 
try is  as  healthful  as  any  in  India.  The  waste  lands 
abound  in  wild  elephants,  deer,  tigers,  bears,  buffaloes, 
and  hogs.  Diamonds  and  other  precious  stones  occur,  and 
coal  and  iron  exist,  but  are  scarcely  wrought.  The  bulk 
of  the  people  are  of  Hindoo  faith,  but  the  reigning  family 
is  Mohammedan  and  descends  from  a  viceroy  of  the  former 
Mogul  ruler.  Chief  products,  cottons,  teak,  wool,  silk, 
hides,  dye-stuffs,  indigo,  oil,  and  rice.  The  lands  are 
generally  held  by  the  military  tenure.  The  ruler  is  called 
the  Nizam.    Capital,  Hyderabad.    Pop.  (1891)  11,737,040. 

Hyderabad,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Hyderabad 
district  and  of  Sinde,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Indus,  oppo- 
site Kotree,  whence  a  railway  extends  to  Kurrachee,  which 
is  105  miles  to  the  S.W.  Hyderabad  is  well  fortified,  and 
has  an  arsenal,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  silks, 
cottons,  silver  and  gold  ornaments,  lacquered  wares,  and 
earthen  pots.     Pop.  (1891)  58,048. 

Hyderabad,  or  Haiderabad,  a  district  of  India, 
in  Sinde.  Area,  8914  square  miles.  Capital,  Hyderabad. 
Pop.  566.865. 

Hyde's  (hidz)  Mills,  or  Hydesville,  hidz'vll,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  on  Mill  Creek,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Hydesville,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Eel  River,  24  miles  S.  of  Eureka.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 


HYD 


1444 


IBA 


Hydetown,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.    See  Oil-  Creek. 

Hydeville,  hid'vfl,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
In  Castleton  township,  on  the  Castleton  River,  and  on  the 
Rensselaer  A  Saratoga  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  White- 
hall, N.T.,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  marble  and  slate. 

Ilydra,  hee'dri,  or  Idra^  ee'dri,  an  island  of  Greece, 
off  the  E.  coast  of  the  Morea.  Area,  38  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  20,000.  It  is  a  mere  barren  rock,  but  on  its  N. 
side  is  the  city  of  Hydra. 

Hydra,  a  city  of  Greece,  on  the  island  of  Hydra,  on 
»  height,  near  the  N.W.  shore,  with  an  indifferent  harbor. 
It  has  some  manufactures,  and  its  people  are  reckoned  the 
best  sailors  in  the  Levant.  It  has  a  school  of  navigation 
and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  7428. Inhab.  Htd'riote. 

Hydrabad,  India.    See  Htserabad. 

HydraoteS)  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ravee. 

Hydron,  hee'dron,  an  island  between  Hydra  and  the 
mainland,  4  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  across. 

Hydruntum,  the  ancient  name  of  Otranto. 

Hy^res,  or  Hi^res,  ee-aiR'  (anc.  ArcK? and  Hieroaf), 
a  town  of  South  France,  Var,  12  miles  E.  of  Toulon.  It  is 
beautifully  situated  on  a  declivity  facing  the  Mediterranean, 
and  has  many  good  houses  and  hotels.  The  town  hall  has 
a  column  with  a  bust  of  Massillon,  a  native  of  HySres.  It 
has  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  brandy,  essences,  and  oil,  an 
active  trade  in  fruits  and  salt,  and  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle, 
and  is  a  noted  winter  resort  for  invalids.     Pop.  6797. 

Hyferes  Islands  (Fr.  Les  Ilea  d'Hyirea,  \k  zeel  dee- 
aiu'),  a  group  of  islands  of  France,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
off  HySres.  The  names  of  the  chief  isles  are  PorqueroUes, 
Port-Cros,  Le  Levant,  Bagneau,  and  L'Esquillade,  the  last 
two  mere  rocks,  and  the  others  rough,  barren,  and  scantily 
peopled. 

Hy'er's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  oo..  Wis., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Madison. 

Hyetnsa,  the  Latin  name  of  Gaidaronisi. 

Hyknlzie,  or  Hyknlzye,  hl-kiil-zee',  a  large  walled 
town  of  Afghanistan,  35  miles  N.  of  Shawl,  on  the  route  to 
Candahar.  Here,  on  April  28,  1842,  the  troops  under  Gen- 
eral England  routed  the  Afghans  and  forced  a  passage  to 
Candahar. 

Hy'mer,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Hymera,  hi-me'r&,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind., 
on  Busseron  Creek,  about  21  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Terre  Hsnte. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hymet'tnSf  a  mountain-range  of  Greece,  in  Attica, 


lying  S.W.  of  the  Athenian  plain.    This  range  anciently 
was,  and  still  is,  celebrated  for  its  honey. 

Hyndman,  hind'man,  a  post-borough  of  Bedford  oo., 
Pa.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cook's  Mills,  and  23  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  of  Bedford.  It  has  5  churches,  public  schools,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  fire-clay-brick-works,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1056. 

Hyndsdale,  hindz'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co,, 
Ind.,  on  White  River,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Hyndsville,  hindz'vll,  a  post- village  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  on  West  Kill  Creek,  50  miles  by  rail  W,  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Hy'ner,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Look  Haven.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  about  30  houses. 

Hyon,  hee^ds^  or  hi'pn,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  H«l- 
naut,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1163. 

Hypanis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Bug. 

Hypanis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Kooban. 

Hyphasis,  a  river  of  India.    See  Beas. 

Hypsa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Naro. 

Hypsas,  or  Hypsa,  a  river  of  Sicily.    See  Belict. 

Hyrcania,  hjr-ki'ne-a,  an  ancient  country  or  provinc« 
of  Central  Asia,  lying  S.E.  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  now  the 
Persian  province  of  Astrabad.  Here  the  Parthian  kings 
often  resided  in  summer. Adj.  Htrcanian,  hjr-kA'ne-^n. 

Hyreman8Tille,hir'manz-vI1,apo8t-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Allentown. 

Hyria,  an  ancient  name  of  Oria. 

Hy'rnm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  8  miles  S.  of 
Logan.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hy'ter's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Hythe,  hiTH,  a  borough  of  England,  and  one  of  its 
Cinque  Ports,  co.  of  Kent,  near  the  English  Channel,  and 
near  the  Southeastern  Railway,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dover, 
near  the  E.  end  of  Romney  Marsh.  It  has  many  curious 
ancient  houses,  an  elegant  cruciform  church,  a  hospital,  a 
ooonty  hall,  a  jail,  a  theatre,  a  library,  and  a  branch  bank. 
On  the  beach,  which  is  higher  than  the  town,  is  a  line  of 
strong  martello  towers.  Hythe  was  anciently  a  port  of  great 
importance,  but  its  harbor  has  been  entirely  destroyed  by  th« 
shingle  here  thrown  up,  and  it  has  now  only  one  open  beach, 
whence,  however,  vessels  often  sail  to  Boulogne.  It  is  also 
a  fashionable  resort  for  sea-bathing.  The  borough  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  3383. 

Hynrnha,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Jurtta. 

Hyntahy,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Jut  at. 


I. 


Names  in  Eastern  Europe  and  in  Asia  beginning 
with  I  followed  immediately  by  a  vowel  will  generally  be 
found  under  Y :  thus,  for  Iakoutsk,  see  Yakootsk  ;  Ial- 
pouKH,  see  Yalpookh  ;  Iaupol,  see  Yahpol,  Ac. 

lablonev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yablokby. 

lablonoi,  mountains  in  Asia.    See  Yablonoi. 

lacova,  or  Jacova,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Tacova. 

ladera,  or  lader,  Dalmatia.    See  Zara. 

ladrin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yadriit. 

lagath,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Tbtooan. 

lakhva,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yakhva. 

Iakoutsk,  a  province  of  Siberia.    See  Yakootsk. 

lalontroTOsk,  or  lalontoroTsk.  See  Yalooteotosk. 

lalpoukh,  a  river  and  lake  of  Russia.   See  Yalpookh. 

lalta,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yalta. 

lama,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yah  A. 

lambonrg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yahboors. 

lamsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Yamsk. 

lana,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yajta. 

lang-Ling,  a  mountain  of  China.    See  Yano-Ling. 

lanina,  a  city  of  Turkey.    See  YAuraA. 

lanopol,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Yanopol. 

lanoachpol,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yanooshpol. 

lanov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yanov. 

lapygiam  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Lbuca. 

larenga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yarbnga. 

larensk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yaransk. 

laroslav,  a  government  of  Russia.    See  Yaroslav. 

laselda,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yaselda. 


laswa,  or  lazva,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yazta. 

latan,  i'a-tSn,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  30  miles  below  St.  Joseph,  and  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.    It  has  a  church  and  a  plough 
factory.    Pop,  129. 

latinum,  an  ancient  name  of  Meaux. 

Iba,  ee'b&,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  circle 
of  Rottenburg.     Pop.  830. 

Iba,  or  Yba,  ee'bi,  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in  Luzon,  capital  of  the  province  of  ZambaJes,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Manila.    Pop.  4130. 

IHba,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  about  26  miles  N. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 

Ibaba,  e-b&'b&,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  in  Amhara,  70 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gondar,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Dembea. 

Ibadan,  ee-b&'d&n,  a  city  of  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  70 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lagos,  with  wide,  straight  streets  and  a 
reputed  population  of  150,000. 

Ibague,  e-b&'gA,  or  Ibaque,  e-b&'ki,  a  town  of  South 
America,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  of  Cun- 
dinamarca,  70  miles  W.  of  Bogota.     Pop.  5000. 

Ibaizabal,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Nerva. 

Ibar,  ee'bar',  or  Hibar,  hee'bar',  a  river  of  Senria, 
falls  into  the  Morava  in  lat.  43°  25'  N.,  Ion.  20°  45'  E. 

Ibarra,  e-baR'ai,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Imbabura,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quito,  at  the  N. 
foot  of  the  volcano  of  Imbabura.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  It 
is  in  a  fertile  region,  well  built,  and  is  estimated  to  hav« 


IBA 


1445 


ICE 


10,000  inhabitants.  It  was  orerthrown  by  the  great  earth- 
quake of  1868. 

Ibarra,  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Jalisoo,  45  miles  N.  of 
Aguas-Calientes. 

I'baton,  a  post-offioe  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas. 

Ibbenbiiren,  ib'b^n-bUV^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Osnaburg.  It  has  aotire 
manufactures  of  glass,  leather,  linen,  &0.     Pop.  3707. 

Ibeit,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Obeid. 

Ibera,  or  Ybera,  e-b&'ri,  a  marshy  lake,  or  rather 
series  of  lakes,  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  of  Cor- 
rientes,  between  the  rivers  Paranfi  and  Uruguay,  extend- 
ing from  near  lat.  29°  30'  to  near  30®  S.,  and  from  Ion.  56° 
W  to  near  59°  W. 

Ibergy  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Ybebg. 

Iberia,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Georgia. 

Iberia,  i-bee're-g,,  the  ancient  name  of  Spain. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Iberiait,  i-bee're-^n. 

Ibe'ria,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  bordering 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bayou  Teehe,  and  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Chetimaches  Lake,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Ver- 
milion Bay.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
cypress  and  live-oak ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar-cane,  cot- 
ton, and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Beds  of  rock 
■alt  occur,  and  a  mine  of  salt  has  been  wrought  here. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
New  Iberia.  Pop.  in  1870,  9042 ;  in  1880, 16,676 ;  in  1890, 
20,997. 

Iberia,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  in  Stark 
township,  on  the  Big  Cottonwood  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Sleepy  Eye  Station,  and  about  50  miles  W.  of  Mankato.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  ofQce,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Iberia,  a  post- village  of  Miller  oo..  Mo.,  about  38  miles 
S.  of  Jeflferson  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Iberia,  a  post-village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Bail- 
road,  and  53  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches. 
Here  is  the  Ohio  Central  College  (United  Presbyterian). 
Pop.  238, 

Ibe'rian  mountains,  an  appellation  sometimes  given 
to  the  mountains  in  the  central  and  E.  parts  of  Spain. 

Iberian  Peninsula,  the  S.W.  portion  of  Europe, 
comprising  Spain  and  Portugal. 

Iberus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ebro. 

Iberville,  i'b^r-vil,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
Area,  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 
The  surface  is  level  and  low,  subject  to  inundation,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  and  cypress  swamps.  The 
levees,  or  banks  of  the  river,  are  the  highest  parts  of  the 
parish.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Molasses,  sugar,  maize,  and 
cotton  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Plaquemine.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,347;  in  1880,  17,544;  in  1890,21,848. 

I'berville,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec,  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Richelieu  River,  comprises  an  area  of 
188  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Vermont  Central 
and  Stanstead,  Shefford  A  Chambly  Railways.  Capital,  St. 
Athanase.     Pop.  15,413. 

Iberville,  a  town  of  Quebec.    See  Saint  Athanase. 

Ibi,  ee-Bee',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  N.W. 
of  Alicante.     Pop.  2393. 

Ibiapaba,  e-be-&-p&'b&,  Hibbiappaba,  Hibiap- 
paba,  hib-e-3,p-p&'b&,  or  Biapina,  be-&-pee'nS,,  a  moun- 
tain-chain of  Brazil,  stretching  from  E.  to  W.,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Ceari.  It  is  divided  into  the  mountains  of  Biapina, 
Boavista,  Boritana,  B&cos,  Ac. 

Ibicui,  e-be-kwee',  a  river  of  South  America,  rises  in 
the  S.W.  of  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  in  Brazil,  en- 
ters Uruguay,  and  joins  the  Uruguay  River  at  Yapeyu, 
in  lat.  29°  20'  S.,  after  a  course  of  about  400  miles. 

Ibi  Gamin,  ee'be  g&'min,  or  Kamet,  si'm^t,  a 
mountain  of  the  Himalayas.  Lat.  30°  35'  N.;  Ion.  79°  38' 
E.     Height,  25,373  feet. 

Ibisa,  or  Ibiza,  Balearic  Isles.    See  IvigA. 

Ibituruna,  a  village  of  Brazil.    See  Boh-Successo. 

Ibo,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Aboh. 

Ibo,  ee'bo,  one  of  the  Querimba  Islands,  in  Mozambique 
Channel.     Lat.  (N.W.  part)  12°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  40°  38'  E. 

Ibo,  or  Oi'bo,  a  town  of  the  above  island.  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  large  and  two  smaller  forts,  and  has  a  harbor. 

Ibos,  ee^bos',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Py- 
r6n6es,  4  miles  W.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1945. 

Ibrah,  ee'brl  or  ib'ri,  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and 
60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Muscat.  It  has  many  good  houses,  which 
are  fortified  and  highly  adorned. 


Ibraheem,  or  Ibrahim,  ib^Hl-heem'  (anc.  Ado'ni*), 
a  rivulet  of  Syria,  enters  the  Mediterranean  about  midway 
between  Tripoli  and  Beyroot.  It  is  connected  in  mythology 
with  the  death  of  Adonis,  or  Thammuz. 

Ibraheem,  or  Ibrahim,  a  river  of  Persia,  province 
of  Eerman,  enters  the  Persian  Gulf  20  miles  E.  of  Ormus, 
after  a  N.  course  of  75  miles. 

Ibrail,  Ibraila,  or  Ibrahil.    See  Bbahiu>t. 

Ibrig,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Yberg. 

Ibrim,  iVreem'  (anc.  Premnia  t),  a  town  of  Nubia,  apoB 
a  rocky  height  on  the  Nile,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Derr. 

Ibros,  or  Ibros  del  Rey,  ee'broce  dil  ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  19  miles  N.N.B.  of  Jaen.    Pop.  4013. 

Iburg,  ee'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  8  miles 
S.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  969. 

19a,  a  tributary  of  the  Amazon.     See  Potumato. 

19a,  Iza,  or  San  Geronimo  de  19a,  s&n  H&-ron  e- 
mo  di  ee'si,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  province  of  Ifa, 
department  and  168  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lima,  and  45  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Pisco,  its  port. 

19a,  a  small  maritime  department  of  Peru.  Chief  towns, 
15a  and  Pisco.     Area,  6295  square  miles.     Pop.  60,111. 

I9abaquam,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Camacuan. 

Icanna,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Tonne. 

Ic'ard,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  929. 

Icard  Station,  Burke  co.,  N.C.    See  Happt  Hohb. 

Icaria,  Icarus,  ancient  names  of  Nicabia. 

Icatu,  or  Hycatu,  e-k&-too',  a  town  0?  the  republic  of 
Brazil,  state  and  52  miles  S.E.  of  Maranhao,  on  the  Monim. 

Icco,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Ico. 

Ice  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Iceland,  iss'Iand  (called  Island,  ees'l&nd,  by  the  na-' 
tives ;  Ger.  Island,  Is'lint ;  Dutch,  Ijsland  or  Ysland,  is'- 
I4nt;  Sp.  Islanda,  ees-lin'di;  Fr.  Islands,  eesHftNd';  L. 
Islan'dia),  an  island  subject  to  the  crown  of  Denmark,  and 
situated  between  the  North  Atlantic  and  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
130  miles  from  the  S.E.  coast  of  Greenland,  and  850  miles 
W.  of  Norway,  extending  between  lat.  63°  24'  and  66°  33' 
N.  and  Ion.  13°  31'  and  24°  17'  W.  Greatest  length,  from 
B.  to  W.,  300  miles ;  central  breadth,  about  200  miles ;  area, 
39,543  square  miles.  The  coast-line  for  a  considerable  ex- 
tent on  the  S.E.  is  almost  unbroken,  but  in  all  other  direc- 
tions it  presents  a  continued  succession  of  deep  bays,  fiords, 
and  jutting  promontories.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  of 
the  latter  is  a  large  peninsula  in  the  N.W.,  which  stretches 
out  between  two  bays  80  miles  into  the  ocean.  The  water 
along  the  coast  is  generally  deep,  and  the  bays  furnish  a 
great  number  of  harbors,  with  good  anchorage  and  complete 
shelter ;  but  the  navigation  is  rendered  dangerous  by  vast 
numbers  of  rocky  islets  which  line  the  shores.  The  interior 
of  the  island  has  for  the  most  part  a  very  wild  and  desolate 
appearance,  being  covered  by  lofty  mountain-masses  of  vol- 
canic origin,  many  of  them  crowned  with  perpetual  snow 
and  ice,  which,  stretching  down  their  sides  into  the  inter- 
vening valleys,  form  immense  glaciers.  These  icy  moun- 
tains, which  take  the  common  name  of  Jokull  or  Jokul, 
have  their  culminating  point  in  Oerafa  Jokull,  near  the 
S.E.  coast,  lat.  64°  0'  48"  N.,  Ion.  16°  45'  31"  W. ;  height, 
6409  feet.  The  Snafell,  near  the  W.  coast,  is  5965  feet  in 
height;  and  Eyjafjalla  Jokull,  in  the  S.,  5579  feet.  Hecla, 
the  noted  volcano,  is  5110  feet  in  elevation.  The  Skaptar 
Jokull  occupies  an  immense  tract  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the 
island.  The  glaciers  cover  a  surface  of  upwards  of  4000 
square  miles ;  they  exist  in  all  the  mountains  above  4000 
feet  in  elevation,  and  extend  down  to  the  sea.  The  greatest 
mass  of  ice  is  in  the  S.E.  of  the  island ;  and  this  region  has  for 
centuries  been  the  scene  of  the  most  violent  volcanic  eruptions. 
There  are  30  known  volcanoes  in  Iceland,  several  of  which 
have  been  active  within  a  century.  Destructive  volcanio 
eruptions  are  not  uncommon.  The  island  also  contains  numer- 
ous small  mud-volcanoes  and  intermittent  thermal  springs, 
in  the  chief  of  which,  the  Great  Geyser  (ghi'z^r),  thftjjater 
at  a  depth  of  72  feet  is  30°  above  the  boiling-point.  Jets 
of  water  anoTilottBff'aySThfowh  atlhtervals  from  this  geyser 
to  heights  varying  from  90  to  100  feet.  The  immense  res- 
ervoirs of  snow  and  ice  furnish  inexhaustible  supplies  to 
numerous  lakes  and  rivers,  but  the  latter,  owing  to  the  rug- 
ged nature  of  the  surface,  are  more  remarkable  for  their 
number  than  for  their  length.  The  most  deserving  of  notice 
are  the  HvitS  or  White  River,  the  Thiers^,  the  JokulsC,  and 
the  Skilfjandafljot.  The  last  two  have  each  a  course  of 
about  100  miles.  The  Hvit&  and  the  Thiorsi  are  each  about 
150  miles  in  length.  The  most  valuable  mineral  product  is 
sulphur;  «urtur&rand,  or  lignite,  is  also  found.  The  other 
minerals  deserving  of  notice  are  chalcedonies,  rook  crystals, 
and  the  well-known  double  refractingspar,  for  which  the 
island  haTiong  been  famous.    On  many  parts  of  the  coast. 


ICH 


1446 


IDA 


particularly  the  W.,  basaltic  caves  oocnr ;  that  of  Stappen 
13  not  unworthy  to  be  compared  with  Fingal's  Cave.  _ 

The  climate  is  very  variable ;  storms  of  extreme  violence 
are  frequent;  the  summer  is  moist ;  in  winter  the  sky  is  dark 
and  gloomy,  but  lighted  up  at  night  by  brilliant  displays  of 
the  aurora  borealis.  The  temperature  is  more  elevated  than 
that  of  any  other  country  in  the  same  latitude ;  mean  of  year 
at  Reikiavik,  40°  Fahr. ;  of  the  summer,  56°,  and  of  the 
winter,  29°.30.  The  S.  coasts,  washed  by  a  prolongation 
of  the  Gulf  Stream,  are  much  milder  than  the  N.,  and  gen- 
erally free  from  ice.  Forests  formerly  abounded,  but  the 
island  is  now  destitute  of  trees.  The  want  of  fuel  is  severely 
felt,  although  the  Gulf  Stream  and  the  polar  currents  occa- 
sionally float  driftwood  to  its  shores,  and  a  fine  white  turf 
is  used.  Except  a  few  oats,  and  a  kind  of  wild  grass  whose 
seeds  are  carefuUy  garnered  for  food,  no  grain  can  be  raised ; 
but  potatoes  and  garden-vegetables  are  cultivated.  The 
flora  of  Iceland  is  nearly  allied  to  that  of  Scandinavia, 
comprising  mosses  and  a  few  shrubs.  The  most  important 
domestic  animal  is  the  sheep,  which,  with  the  goat,  cow, 
horse,  ox,  and  dog,  was  introduced  from  Norway.  Reindeer, 
introduced  in  1770,  now  exist  in  large  herds,  but  are  not 
domesticated.  The  polar  bear  is  sometimes  cast  on  the 
shores  from  the  northern  ice-fields.  Fish  are  very  abundant 
on  all  the  coasts,  and  form  the  chief  support  of  the  inhabit- 
ants. Birds  are  very  numerous,  the  most  valuable  of  which 
is  the  eider-duck.  No  reptiles  of  any  kind  exist  in  the 
island.  There  are  few  manufactures,  and  the  only  com- 
merce consists  in  the  exchange  of  wool,  butter,  skins,  fish, 
oil,  sulphur,  and  Iceland  moss.  The  trade  has  been  re- 
stricted to  Icelandic  and  Danish  vessels,  but  the  ports  are 
open  to  commerce. 

The  inhabitants  belong  to  the  Scandinavian  race.  Their 
language  is  peculiar  to  the  island ;  it  is  more  nearly  allied 
to  the  old  Norse  than  any  other  now  spoken.  They  are 
strongly  attached  to  their  country,  and  hospitable  to  stran- 
gers. Iceland  College,  with  8  professors  and  about  80  stu- 
dents, is  the  only  educational  institution  except  a  few  schools ; 
but  domestic  education  is  universal,  and  the  intellectual 
capacity  of  the  people  is  of  a  superior  order.  Many  of  the 
most  valuable  works  of  European  literature  have  been  trans- 
lated into  the  native  tongue.  Almost  all  the  inhabitants 
are  Lutherans,  the  whole  island  forming  a  single  bishopric. 
In  1874  the  1000th  anniversary  of  Iceland's  history  was 
celebrated  at  Reikiavik,  the  capital,  on  which  occasion  the 
island  received  its  autonomy,  out  it  still  remains  subject 
to  the  King  of  Denmark,  who  appoints  its  governor.  It 
has  its  own  legislature,  and  all  its  citizens  are  equal  before 
the  law.  Since  1874  the  island  has  suffered  much  from  the 
efiects  of  volcanic  eruptions,  and  from  consequent  dearth 
and  destruction  of  the  sheep,  on  which  the  people  largely 
depend  for  supplies  of  food ;  and  some  emigration  to  the 
Canadian  district  of  Keewatin  has  resulted. 

Iceland  was  discovered  by  a  Norwegian  pirate  in  860,  and 
permanently  settled  in  874,  but  is  believed  to  have  been 
known  to  the  Irish  fishermen,  and  temporarily  colonized  by 
them,  before  this  period.  The  Norse  settlement  continued 
to  increase  rapidly  by  the  arrival  of  new  settlers,  and  in  the 
beginning  of  the  tenth  century  the  inhabitants  formed  them- 
selves into  a  republic,  which  existed  for  nearly  400  years. 
In  the  thirteenth  century  it  became  subject  to  Norway,  and, 
through  it,  in  1380,  to  Denmark,  with  which  it  still  remains. 
Pop.  in  1703,  50,444;  in  1843,  57,180;  in  1880,  72,445;  in 
1890,  70,927. Adj.  Icelan'dic;  inhab.  Ice'lander. 

Ichaboe,  ik'i-bo,  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Africa, 
lat.  26°  18'  S.,  Ion.  14°  68'  E.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

Ichak,  a  town  of  India.    See  Eechauk. 

Ichang,  a  town  of  China.    See  E-Chins. 

Ichapoor,  or  Ichapur,  itch-a-poor',  a  village  of  Ben- 
gal, on  the  Hoogly,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has 
an  English  school  and  a  large  government  powder-mill. 

Ich^awaynoch'away  Creek,  Georgia,  drains  part 
of  Terrell  co.,  runs  southward  through  Calhoun  and  Baker 
COS.,  and  enters  Flint  River  about  15  miles  below  Newton. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Ichawnr,  e-chaw'?r,  a  town  of  India,  dominion  and  32 
miles  S.W.  of  Bhopaul,  comprising  about  1000  houses. 

Ichenhansen,  iK'^n-hSw^z^n.  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Gunz,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Giinzburg.     Pop.  2450. 

Ichenheim,  iK'§n-hIme\  a  village  of  Baden,  Middle 
Rhine,  near  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1450. 

Ichterghem,  iK't^r-ohJm,  or  Ichteghem,  in't?- 
Ghfim,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  the  province  of  West  Flan- 
ders, 12  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3800. 

Ichtershansen,  iK'ters-hSw'z^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gotha,  on  the 
Gera.     Pop.  1300. 


Ichtiman,  \k  t^min',  a  border  town  of  South  Bulgaria 
(Eastern  Roumelia),  35  miles  N.W.  of  Tatar  Bazardjik. 

Ickesbnrg,  iks'burg,  a  post-village  of  Perry  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Saville  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Millerstown.  It  has 
several  churches  and  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ico,  or  Icco,  ee'ko,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Cear&,  on 
the  Salgado,  near  its  junction  with  the  Jaguaribe,  32  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Crate.     Pop.,  with  district,  7000. 

Icod,  ee-kod',  or  Fed  de  los  Vinos,  fSd  di  looe  veen'- 
yoce,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Teneriffe.     Pop.  4000. 

Icolmkill,  in  the  Hebrides,  Scotland.     See  leNA. 

Iconium,  the  ancient  name  of  Konieh. 

Ico'niam,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Chariton  township,  about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Iconium,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Clinton. 

Icricok,  a  town  of  Guinea.     See  Ecricok. 

Icnlisma,  the  ancient  name  of  Assoitl&ue. 

I'cy  Cape,  Alaska,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  midway  be- 
tween Capes  North  and  Lisbourne.  Lat.  70°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
161°  46'  W. 

I'cy  Strait,  Alaska,  connects  Chatham  Strait  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Ida,  I'da  (Turk.  Kaz-Tagh,  k&z-tig),  a  famous  moon* 
tain  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Adramyti, 
and  30  miles  S.E.  of  the  plain  of  Troy.  Lat.  36°  12'  N. ; 
Ion.  26°  54'  E. 

Ida,  a  mountain  of  Crete.     See  Psilorati. 

I'da,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Maple  River,  and 
partly  drained  by  the  Little  Sioux  River,  which  touches  its 
N.W.  extremity.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Ida  Grove. 
Pop.  in  1870,  226;  in  1880,  4382;  in  1890,  10,705. 

Ida,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  in  Rose 
Creek  township,  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Fairbury,  Neb. 

Ida,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ida  township, 
on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  10  milen 
W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1105. 

Ida,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  325  It 
contains  Ida  Lake. 

Ida,  a  post-office  of  Adair  oo..  Mo.,  9  miles  from  Kirksville. 

Ida,  a  post-hamlet  of  Valley  co..  Neb.,  12  miles  N.W 
of  Ord. 

Ida,  a  post-office  of  Lane  oo.,  Oregon. 

Ida,  a  post-office  of  Pepin  co..  Wis. 

Ida  Grove,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Corwin  township,  on  the  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Maple 
River  Railroad,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Denison,  and  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sao  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  4 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  759 ;  in  1890,  1563. 

Idaho,  i'da-ho,  one  of  the  northwestern  states  of  the 
American  Union,  situated  in  the  Pacific  highland,  and 
principally  in  the  basin  of  the  Columbia  River,  is  bounded 
N.  by  British  Columbia  and  Montana,  E.  by  Montana  and 
Wyoming,  S.  by  Utah  and  Nevada,  and  W.  by  Oregon  and 
Washington.  It  lies  between  lat.  42°  and  49°  N.  and  Ion. 
111°  and  117°  W.  The  crest  of  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains 
forms  the  boundary  on  the  N.E.,  and  the  main  chain  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains  extends  along  the  southwestern  fron- 
tier. The  W.  boundary  follows  for  about  180  miles  the 
course  of  the  Shoshone,  Snake,  or  Lewis  River.  Area, 
86,294  square  miles. 

Surface. — The  face  of  the  country  is  principally  moun- 
tainous, but  there  are  several  large  prairie  tracts.  In  the  N. 
lateral  spurs  (the  Kootenai,  Coeur  d'Aldne,  and  Lapwai 
Mountains,  and  others)  extend  westward  from  the  Bitter 
Root  range.  Idaho  is  divided  by  the  Salmon  River  Moun- 
tains, whose  snow-clad  peaks  exceed  in  some  cases  an  alti- 
tude of  13,000  feet,  into  two  distinct  portions,  known  as 
Northern  and  Southern  Idaho.  A  wagon-road,  begun  in 
1890  and  connecting  Mt.  Idaho  and  Little  Salmon  meadows, 
forms  the  only  means  of  communication  within  the  state 
between  these  two  divisions.  S.  of  this  range  the  Three 
Buttes,  and  in  the  extreme  E.  the  Three  Tetons  (13,691 
feet),  are  famous  landmarks.  In  the  S.  and  S.E.,  respect- 
ively, are  the  Goose  Creek  and  Bear  River  Mountains, 
which  form  part  of  the  watershed  dividing  the  Shoshone 
Valley  from  the  Great  Salt  Lake  Basin,  in  which  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state  lies.  Northward  of  these  ranges  and  of 
the  Shoshone  River,  but  S.  of  the  Salmon  River  Moun- 
tains, is  the  fertile  Kamass  Prairie,  and  there  are  elsewhere 
great  sage-plains.     In  the  S.E.  is  a  region  apparent!;  vol- 


IDA 


1447 


IDE 


canic  at  no  remote  period,  and  abounding  in  geysers  and 
other  thermal  and  saline  springs.  Remarkable  points  of 
interest  are  the  Great  Shoshone,  American,  and  Salmon  Falls, 
all  cataracts  of  the  Shoshone  River.  The  first  is,  at  high 
water,  a  rival  of  Niagara  in  magnificence,  and  the  fall  or 
perpendicular  descent  exceeds  that  of  Niagara.  The  great 
canon  of  the  Shoshone,  where  the  river  flows  for  many 
miles  at  the  bottom  of  a  vast  trough  or  chasm  in  the  rooks, 
is  another  noteworthy  feature.  There  are  many  lakes  and 
rivers,  with  fertile  vaneys,and  picturesque  waterfalls  abound 
in  the  mountains.  Evergreen  coniferous  trees  cover  some 
of  the  hills  and  mountains  with  a  dense  forest.  Red  cedar 
especially  abounds  in  the  N.,  and  pines,  firs,  spruces,  &c., 
are  abundant  in  many  districts ;  but  hard-wood  timber  is, 
as  a  rule,  very  deficient.  Azoic  and  eozoic  rocks  cover  a 
Very  large  part  of  the  area.  The  Shoshone  River,  with 
most  of  its  tributaries,  flows  through  regions  largely  covered 
with  rocks  of  comparatively  recent  volcanic  origin.  The 
various  geological  ages,  from  the  Silurian  to  the  Pliocene, 
are  nearly  all  represented  in  the  state,  but  none  of  them 
extensively  so,  except  the  tertiary  and  the  post-tertiary, 
whose  strata  and  deposits  cover  large  areas.  Idaho  is  one 
of  the  most  important  sources  of  supply  of  the  precious 
metals.  Gold  was  discovered  on  the  Pend  d'Oreille  River 
in  1852;  in  1860  placer-mining  operations  were  undertaken 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Clearwater,  and  on  the  forks  of 
the  Coeur  d'AlSne  River  are  the  famous  Coeur  d'AlSne 
mines,  rich  in  gold,  silver,  and  lead.  Both  quartz  and 
placer  gold  are  obtained  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  state. 
The  mineral  product  of  1889  was  valued  at  over  $17,000,000. 
Coal  (strictly  a  lignite,  tertiary  or  cretaceous)  is  found  at 
various  points.  Salt,  sulphur,  iron  ore,  and  building-stones 
are  abundant. 

Idaho  is  in  general  much  better  adapted  for  grazing  than 
for  agriculture.  She  has  vast  wastes  covered  with  bunch- 
grasses  and  with  "winter-fat"  or  "white  sage"  (Eurotia 
lanata),  which  is  eagerly  sought  by  cattle,  and  upon  it  they 
thrive  and  fatten  even  in  winter.  Notwithstanding  the 
elevated  character  of  the  state,  her  winters  are  not  often 
severe,  considering  the  latitude;  and  even  in  the  N.  cattle 
may  range  in  the  valleys  without  shelter  or  foddering. 
Indian  corn  is  not  very  profitably  raised,  for  the  summers 
are  short.  The  country  is  well  watered  by  rivers,  and  the 
soil  when  irrigated  is  wonderfully  productive.  Over  8,000,- 
000  acres  are  reported  as  capable  of  successful  irrigation. 
Of  this  number,  740,350  acres  are  now  irrigated,  and  with 
the  fertile  bottom-lands  along  the  streams  are  cultivated 
with  profit.  Among  the  mountains  there  are  sheltered 
basins  or  parks,  with  fine  soil  and  excellent  pasturage.  At 
present  barley,  potatoes,  wheat,  oats,  wool,  and  dairy-prod- 
ucts are  the  agricultural  staples  of  the  state. 

Stage-routes  have  been  established  to  the  more  important 
points,  connecting  with  the  Pacific  railroads  and  the  steam- 
ers upon  the  Upper  Columbia.  From  Powder  River  up  to 
Salmon  Falls  (200  miles)  the  Shoshone  is  navigable  for 
steamers.  The  Clarke  River  in  the  N.  is  navigable  to  some 
extent.  Steamers  ply  upon  the  beautiful  Lake  Pend 
d'Oreille  or  Kulispelm,  the  largest  body  of  water  in  the 
state.  The  Union  Pacific  and  Utah  Northern  Railroads 
traverse  the  southern  portion,  and  the  Northern  Pacific 
crosses  it  from  E.  to  W. 

Government. — The  state  constitution  was  adopted  in  No- 
vember, 1889.  The  state  officers  are  elected  for  terms  of 
two  years.  The  three  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are 
elected  at  large,  and  the  justices  of  the  five  judicial  dis- 
tricts by  the  electors  of  each  district.  The  legislature, 
having  18  senators  and  36  representatives,  holds  biennial 
sessions.  Idaho  has  one  representative  in  the  lower  house 
of  tbe  national  congress. 

Education. — In  1890  there  were  410  school  districts,  315 
school-houses,  and  497  schools.  The  number  of  children 
of  school  age  was  25,471,  and  the  enrollment  was  14,311. 
There  were  33  private  schools  with  an  attendance  of  1104 
pupils.  The  amount  received  for  school  purposes  was 
$202,235.47.  The  University  of  Idaho  has  been  established 
at  Moscow,  Latah  co.,  but  the  buildings  are  not  yet  com- 
plete. There  are  Roman  Catholic  and  other  mission 
schools,  chiefly  among  the  Indians.  Among  the  conditions 
prescribed  by  the  federal  government  when  Idaho  became 
a  state,  were  the  appropriation  of  90,000  acres  for  an  agri- 
cultural college,  100,000  acres  to  support  a  scientific  school, 
100,000  acres  to  maintain  a  state  normal  school,  and  50,000 
acres  as  an  endowment  for  a  state  university. 

Conntiea  and  Towns, — The  counties  are  18  in  number,  as 
follows  :  Ada,  Alturas,  Bear  Lake,  Bingham,  Bois6,  Cassia, 
Custer,  Elmore,  Idaho,  Kootenay,  Latah,  Lemhi,  Logan, 
Nez  Percys,  Oneida,  Owyhee,  Shoshone,  and  Washington. 


The  principal  towns  are  Bois^  City  (the  capital),  Mont- 
pelier,  Weiser,  Paris,  Bellevue,  Wallace,  Lewieton,  Cald- 
well, Grangeville,  Shoshone,  Ketchum,' Silver  City,  Challis, 
Clayton,  Nampa,  and  Glenn  Ferry. 

The  total  population  in  1870  was  20,683,  of  whom  10,618 
were  whites.  In  1880  the  population  was  32,610,  and  in 
1890,  84,385.  The  native  Indians  belong  mainly  to  the 
Shoshone,  Nez  Perc6,  Bannack,  and  Kootenay  tribes.  In 
1889  they  were  distributed  in  the  reservations  as  follows  : 
On  the  Nez  Perc6  reservation  there  were  1450  Indians ;  on 
the  Lemhi  reservation,  789 ;  on  the  Fort  Hill  reservation, 
1593 ;  on  the  Coeur  d'Aldne  reservation,  423 ;  and  on  the 
Buck  Valley  reservation,  400.  By  act  of  congress  in  that 
year  an  agreement  was  ratified  with  the  Indians  by  which 
300,000  acres  from  the  Fort  Hill  reservation  and  the  same 
amount  from  the  Coeur  d'Aldno  reservation  were  ceded  to 
the  government.  There  are  in  Idaho  over  25,000  Mormons, 
and  though  polygamy  ^  not  openly  practised,  nearly  all  the 
voters  of  this  faith  are  disfranchised,  as  they  refuse  to  take 
the  "  test  oath." 

History. — In  1863,  Idaho  was  formed,  being  set  off 
mainly  from  Washington,  Dakota,  and  Nebraska.  It  then 
included  Montana  and  a  part  of  Wyoming.  Its  present 
area  all  belonged  to  Washington  up  to  1863.  Idaho  re- 
ceived its  present  limits  in  1868,  after  having  parted  with 
a  large  share  of  its  area  in  1864.  Gold  was  found  here  in 
1852,  and  in  1860  it  was  struck  in  paying  quantities  at  Oro 
Fina.  Parts  of  the  state  were  devastated  by  the  Indian 
war  of  1878,  The  mining,  stamping,  and  smelting  inter- 
ests have  been  very  productive,  and  to  them  the  growth 
of  the  state  is  almost  entirely  due.  The  timber-manufac- 
ture and  the  pasturage  of  sheep  and  neat  cattle  are  attract- 
ing much  attention,  and  the  future  of  Idaho  as  a  pastoral 
region  is  full  of  promise.  On  July  3,  1890,  Idaho  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union  as  a  state. 

Idaho,  a  large  county  of  Idaho,  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Salmon 
River.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  Lapwai  Moun- 
tains extend  along  the  N.  border  of  the  county.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  This  county  has  gold-mines  (mostly 
placer).  Area,  11,400  square  miles.  Capital,  Mount  Idaho,^ 
Pop.  in  1870,  849;  in  1880,  2031;  in  1890,  2955. 

Idaho,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Idaho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  3  miles 
from  Fayetteville. 

Idaho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  Sunfish  Creek^ 
28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.   It  has  a  church  and  3  stores, 

Idaho  City,  the  capital  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  is  situated 
in  the  Bois6  Basin,  on  Moore's  Creek,  about  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Boisg  City.  It  is  near  lat.  44°  N.  and  Ion.  114°  50'  W. 
Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  rich  placer-mines  of  gold. 
Silver  is  also  found  here.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  a  brewery,  and 
manufactures  of  soda-water.  This  place  is  surrounded  by 
mountains  covered  with  pine  forests.     Pop.  about  500 

Idaho  Falls,  formerly  £agle  Rock,  a  post-village  of 
Bingham  co.,  Idaho,  27  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Blackfoot. 
It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lumber-yard,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  other  industries.     Pop.  in  1890,  about  300. 

Idaho  Springs,  a  post-town  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Col., 
on  Clear  Creek,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  3& 
miles  W.  of  Denver.  It  has  5  churches,  several  hotels,  and 
hot  soda  springs,  which  attract  many  visitors.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  near  this  place,  which  is  surrounded  by 
beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1338. 

Idanha-Nova,  e-d&n'y&-no'v&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  13  miles  E.  of  Castello  Branco.     Pop.  2566. 

Idar,  ee'dar,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  the  principality 
of  Birkenfeld,  3  miles  N.W,  of  Oberstein,     Pop,  3055, 

Idaville,  i'da-vil,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  6  churches,  an 
academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tile-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  600, 

Idaville,  or  Kilchis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tillamook  co., 
Oregon,  on  Tillamook  Bay,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Portland. 
It  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business. 

Idaville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Hunting 
ton  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Carlisle,     It  has  a  church, 

Idaville,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co,,  Tenn.,  3  miles  from 
Atoka  Station. 

Iddah,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Attah. 

Id'do,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Idegem,  ee'de-ghSm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Dender. 

I^dell',  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  about  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Parsons. 

I'der,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind. 


IDI 


1448 


IHA 


Idiazabal,  e-De-4-thi-B41',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Gui- 
puaooa,  27  miles  S.  of  San  Sebastian.    Pop.  1627. 

I4jeng)  id-jfingV  an  active  volcano  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
island  of  Java,  10,170  feet  high. 

I'dle,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Nottingham,  after  a 
N.E.  course,  joins  the  Trent  4  miles  below  Gainsborough. 

Idle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  T?ork,  3  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bradford.     Pop.  6253, 

Idlewild,  i'd^l-wild,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.T., 
55  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York.  Here  was  the  residence 
of  the  poet  N.  P.  Willis.    See  Cornwall  (N.Y.). 

Idlewild,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  3  miles  by 
railN.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  about  600. 

Idlewild,  a  post-office  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Milan. 

Idlewood,  i'd^l-wood,  a  station  in  Chartiers  town- 
shu),  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Idlip,  or  Idlib,  a  town  of  Syria,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Aleppo. 

Idra,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Hydra. 

Idria,  id're-a  or  ee'dre-i,  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Carni- 
ola,  joins  the  Isonzo  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Idria,  a  town  of  Camiola,  in  an  Alpine  valley,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Laybach.  It  has  2  large  churches  and  an  old 
oastle.  Its  celebrated  quicksilver-mine,  next  to  those  of 
Almaden,  in  Spain,  is  the  richest  in  Europe.    Pop.  3960. 

Idro,  ee'dro,  or  Idro-Alto,ee'dro  il'to  (anc.  E'drum), 
a  small  town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  a  declivity  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the 
lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  833. 

Idro  Lake  (anc.  Edri'nus  La'cua),  in  North  Italy,  is 
17  miles  N.  of  Brescia,  between  the  lakes  of  Garda  and  Iseo. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  7  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  1 J  miles ; 
depth,  about  400  feet.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chiese,  an 
affluent  of  the  Po,  and  it  has  on  its  W.  side  the  fortress  of 
Rocca  d'Anfo. 

Idstedt,  id'stStt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Sleswiok.  A  battle  was  fought  here  in  1850  between 
the  Danes  and  the  Sleswick-Holsteiners.     Pop.  395. 

Idstein,  id'stine,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau, 
16  miles  N.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  2500. 

Idamsea,  id-u-mee'a,  Idu'me,  or  E'dom,  an  ancient 
country  of  Western  Asia,  comprising  the  mountainous  tract 
between  Palestine  and  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  the  whole 
country  being  a  portion  of  Arabia.  It  is  divided  into  the 
districts  of  Jebal  and  Esh-Sherah,  both  occupied  by  tribes 

of  Bedouin  Arabs. Adj.   and  inhab.  Idum^an,  id-u- 

mee'an,  or  E'domite. 

Idumania,  a  river  of  England.    See  Black  Water. 

Idnrum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Judexburg. 

ledo,  a  city  of  Japan.     See  Tokio. 

lefremov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ybpremov. 

leia,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yeia. 

lekaterinburg,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinbooro. 

lekaterinodar,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinodar. 

lekaterinograd,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinograd. 

lekaterinoslav,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinoslat. 

lelabouga,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yelabooga. 

lelagoui,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yelagooi. 

lelatom,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelatoh. 

leletz,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Yelets. 

lelisavetgrad,  Russia.    See  Yelisavetorad. 

lelnia,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yelnia. 

lelsi,  e-fil'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2904. 

lemtsa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yemtsa. 

lenidje,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Yenidje. 

lenikale,  a  town  and  strait  of  Russia.    See  Yenikalb. 

lenisei,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yenisei. 

leniseisk,  Russia.    See  Yeniseisk. 

lerne,  the  ancient  name  of  Ireland. 

leroslan,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yeroslan. 

lesi,  or  Jesi,  e-&'see  (anc.  ^'sis),  a  walled  town  of 
Italy,  in  the  Marches,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ancona,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Esino.     It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the 
seat  of  important  manufactures.     Pop.  18,912. 
leso,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Yesso. 
letze,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Jbtze. 
levst,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yevst. 
If,  eef,  an  islet  off  the  S.  coast  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rh8ne,  opposite  Marseilles,  and  occupied  as  a  fortress. 

Iffendic,  eerf6N«Meek',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  nie-et-Vilaine,  18  miles  W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  345. 

Iffezheim,  ifffits-hime',  or  Iffesheim,  if'f§8-hime\ 
a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  the  steamboats  on  which 
have  a  station  here.     Pop.  1809. 
Iflanee.  or  Iflani,  e-fl^'nee,  an  upland  region  of  Asia 


Minor,  S.E.  of  Amastra,  in  which  are  the  two  villages  callea 
Iflanee  of  Eastamoonee  and  Iflanee  of  Zafaran-Boli. 

Iga,  ee'g&,  a  seaport  town  of  Japan,  in  Hondo,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Bay  of  Owari,  100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kioto. 

Igal,  ee^gSl',  a  town  of  Hungary,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Funfkirchen.     Pop.  1650. 

Igatimi,  e-gi-te-mee',  a  river  of  South  America,  joins 
the  Panama  from  the  right,  in  lat.  24°  40'  S.  Length,  about 
200  miles.  Its  navigation  is  much  obstructed  by  cataracts, 
no  fewer  than  20  occurring  within  a  space  of  20  miles. 

Igea,  or  Ixea,  e-nk'k,  or  Igea  de  Cornago,  e-n&'& 
di  koR-n&'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Logrono.     Pop.  1747. 

Igelheim,  ee'g§l-hime^,  or  Iggelheim,  ig'gh^l-hlme^ 
a  village  of  Bavaria,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  2049. 

Igillium,  the  ancient  name  of  Giglio. 

Iglau,  ig'lSw,  written  also  Iglaw  and  Gihavvia, 
ghe-hiv'li  (L.  Igla'via),  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Iglawa, 
and  on  a  railway,  49  miles  W.N.W.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  20,112. 
It  has  3  suburbs,  several  churches,  a  gymnasium,  and  a 
high  school,  with  extensive  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
paper,  plush,  vinegar,  colors,  potash,  and  glass,  and  a 
nourishing  trade.  Silver  and  lead  are  raised  from  neigh- 
boring mines. 

Iglawa,  ig-li'^fri,  Iglava,  ig-li'vl,  or  Igla,  ig'14,  & 
river  of  Moravia,  joins  the  Schwarza  19  miles  S.  of  Briinn, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  70  miles. 

Iglesias,  e-gli'se-ls,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  34  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Cagliari,  near  the  W.  coast  of  the  island. 
Pop.  5448.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  fortifications,  and  has 
a  cathedral,  a  handsome  episcopal  palace,  several  convents, 
a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  trade  in  wine. 

Iglo,  ig'lo^  (Ger.  Neudorf,  noi'donf),  a  free  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  the  Hernad,  and  on  a  railway,  7 
miles  S.  of  Leutscnau.  Pop.  6691.  It  has  a  large  Cath- 
olic church,  a  town  hall,  a  board  of  mines,  smelting-works 
for  copper  and  iron,  and  some  trade  in  flax  and  linen. 

Igloo'lik%  a  small  island  of  Northern  Canada,  in  Fury 
and  Hecla  Strait.     Lat.  69°  21'  N.;  Ion.  81°  53'  W. 

Ignacio  (ig-n&'se-o)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of 
California,  off  the  coast  of  the  Mexican  state  of  Cinaloa. 

Igo,  i'go,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Shasta  co., 
Cal.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  masonic 
hall,  a  church  organization,  and  a  public  school. 

Igo,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

I'gou's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  18  miles  above  Chattanooga. 

Igrande,  a  town  of  France.     See  Ygrande. 

Igrapinna,  e-grft-pe-oo'nft,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Bahia,  near  SSo  Jorge  dos  Ilheos.     Pop.  1000. 

Iguana,  Ignazu,  e-gw&-soo',  or  Cnritiba,  koo-re 
tee'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  forms  the  boundary  between  tha 
states  of  Sao  Paulo  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  joins  the 
Parana  in  lat.  26°  S.,  Ion.  54°  45'  W.,  after  a  W.  course  of 
250  miles.     See  Curitiba. 

Ignai^u,  or  Ignazn,  e-gwi-soo',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  21  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  Pop.  4000. 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  by  the  river  Iguajn  to  Rio 
Janeiro. 

Ignalada,  e-gw&-l&'D&  (anc.  Aquit  Latm  ?),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  33  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on 
the  Noya.  Pop.  14,000.  It  stands  on  an  eminence,  and 
the  new  town  has  airy,  well-planted  walks,  a  parish  church, 
a  college,  a  hospital,  and  cavalry  barracks.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  goods,  cotton  thread,  hats,  and  fire-arms, 
with  distilleries,  and  in  its  neighborhood  are  paper-mills. 

Ignalapa,  e-gwi-ll'p&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
180  miles  S.S.W.  of  La  Puebla.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Igualeja,  e-gwi-li'Hi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1593. 

Ignape,  e-gw4[pi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  enters  the  Atlantic 
about  85  miles  S.W.  of  Santos.     Length,  150  miles. 

Iguape,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  SSo  Paulo,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Iguape  River,  near  its  mouth.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  and  exports  rice  and  timber. 

Iguara<;u,  e-gwi-ri-soo',  or  Iguarassu,  e-gwl-ris- 
soo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  the  earliest  founded  in  the  state  of 
Pernambuco,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of  that  name. 
It  stands  on  a  height,  beside  the  Iguaraju,  a  tributary  of 
the  Upper  Parnahiba.     Pop.  5000. 

Ignazn,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  IGUA9U. 

Ignmen,  e-goo-mSn',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.    Pop.  2190 

Iguvinm,  the  ancient  name  of  Gitbbio. 

Igynsch,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Hegyes. 

Iha,  ee'&,  a  village  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  island  of 
Saparooa,  or  Honi-Moa. 


IHN 


1449 


I2J 


Ilina,  ee'n&,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  enters  the 
Dammsche-See,  an  arm  of  the  Stettiner-Haff,  9  miles  N. 
«f  Stettin.     Length,  65  miles. 

Ihringen,  ee'ring-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  oirole  of 
Upper  Rhine,  near  Breisach.     Pop.  2708. 

]y,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Y. 

I'Jamsville,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River 
Railroad,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  mills. 

Ijamsville^  a  post- village  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md.,  on 
Bush  Creek,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  52 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  100. 

Ijighinsk,  Siberia.    See  Jijioinsk. 

Ijist)  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ylst. 

Ijma,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Izhma. 

Ijo,  ee'yo,  a  small  river  of  Finland,  flows  into  the  Gulf 
•of  Bothnia,  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Ijsland)  the  Dutch  name  of  Iceland. 

Ijssel,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Yssel. 

Ijsselmonde,  Netherlands.    See  Ysselmonde. 

Ijsselmuiden,  Netherlands.     See  Ysselmuiden. 

Ijsselstein,  Netherlands.     See  Ysselstein. 

Ijzendik,  Netherlands.    See  Yzendyke. 

Ik,  ik,  two  rivers  of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg, 
*he  principal  of  which  joins  the  Kama  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Menselinsk,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Ikarma,  e-kar'm&,  one  of  the  Eooril  Islands,  Pacific 
Ocean. 

Ikazni,  e-klz'nee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Minsk,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Disna.     Pop.  1200. 

Ike-Aral-Nor,  ee'ki-i^ril'-nor',  or  Ike-Aral- 
Noor,  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  in  Mongolia,  Khalkas 
territory,  near  the  E.  frontier  of  Soongaria,  between  lat. 
47°  and  48°  N.,  and  intersected  by  the  meridian  of  90°  E. 
Ion.  Length,  40  miles;  average  breadth,  20  miles.  It 
receives  several  rivers,  but  has  no  known  outlet. 

Ikorets,  or  Ikoretz,  e-ko-rfits',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins 
the  Don  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Ikropa^  e-kro'pi,  or  Ikiopa,  e-ke-o'pi,  a  river  of 
Madagascar,  rises  in  the  province  of  Ankova,  and  falls 
into  Bembatooka  Bay,  N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar,  being 
known  during  the  latter  part  of  its  course  by  the  name  of 
the  Bembatooka.  It  is  navigable  to  Maroa-be,  about  25 
miles  from  the  sea.     Entire  length,  about  270  miles. 

I'lanif  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cheadle. 

Ilambazar,  e-lam-ba-zar',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Beer- 
bhoom.  Lat.  23°  37'  35"*  N.;  Ion.  87°  34'  50"  E.  It  has 
&  large  trade,  and  manufactures  of  lac,  lac  ornaments,  lac 
dyes,  indigo,  lacquered  wares,  and  wild  silk. 

I'laninore\  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland, 
•CO,  of  Inverness,  ^  mile  N.  of  Coll. 

Ilanroau,  n^n-ron',  a  small  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  S.  of  Oransay. 

Ilanterach,  i-lan't9r-S,K,  a  small  island  of  the  Hebri- 
des, in  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  E.  of  Oransay. 

II "Bass an,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  El-Bassan. 

Ilbono,  il-bo'no,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  30  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1341. 

Il'chester,  or  Iv'elchester  (ano.  lachaUa),  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  the  anoient  Foss-way  and 
the  Ivel,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Somerton.  It  was  a  Roman 
fltation,  and  a  considerable  town  of  the  ancient  Belgae. 
Pop.  of  parish,  743. 

Il'chester  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  Here  is  Mount  St. 
Clement's  College  (Roman  Catholic),  organized  in  1868,  also 
a.  convent,  2  chapels,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ilchi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Khoten. 

Il'derton,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  London.     Pop.  200. 

lie  aux  Moines,  eel  o  mwin,  a  small  island  of  France, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Morbihan,  Cates-du-Nord,  12  miles  N.  of 
Lannion.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  group  called  Sept  lies,  or 
Seven  Isles,  and  the  only  one  which  is  inhabited. 

He  d'Aix,  eel  daix,  a  small  island  oflf  the  W.  coast  of 
France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Roohefort. 
It  has  a  strong  military  fort.  There  are  villages  of  this 
name  in  the  departments  of  Nord,  Corrfize,  Cher,  and  Pas- 
de-Calais. 

He  de  Fer,  Canary  Islands.     See  Ferro. 

He  de  France,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.   See  Mattritics. 

He  de  France,  eel  d^h  fr5Nss  ("Isle  of  France"),  an 
old  province  of  France,  of  which  the  capital  was  Paris,  now 
92 


forming  the  departments  of  Seine-et-Oise,  Seine-et-Mame, 
Aisne,  Oise,  and  parts  of  Eure-et-Loir,  Loiret,  and  Yonne. 

He  de  la  Reunion,  France.    See  R^dnion. 

He  des  Faisans,  eel  dk  Wzbif'  (i.e.,  "isle  of  pheaa- 
ants"),  a  small  island,  formed  by  the  Bidassoa,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  France  and  Spain,  near  Irun.  Here  the  treaty  of 
the  Pyrenees  was  concluded  between  France  and  Spain, 
September  7,  1659. 

lie  des  Roches,  eel  di  rosh  (i.e.,  "isle  of  rocks"), 
one  of  the  Seychelles  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 

He  d'Yeu,  or  He  Diea.    See  Isle  Dieu. 

II  ek,  e-14k',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Irkootsk,  flows  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  200 
miles,  joins  the  Angara. 

Hekskoi-Gorodek,  e-14k-skoi'-go-ro-d5k',  or  Het- 
ski,  e-lSt'skee,  written  also  Hetzoi-Gorodok,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  78  miles  S.W.  of  Orenboorg,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Ilek  and  Ural  Rivers.     Pop.  2886. 

He  I'Etoile,  eel  liHwS,!',  one  of  the  Amirante  Islands, 
in  the  Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  53°  4'  E. 

Ilerda,  the  ancient  name  of  Lekida. 

lies  A90res,  the  French  name  of  the  Azores. 

lies  Antilles,  the  French  for  West  Indies. 

Ilesborough,  Maine.    See  Isleborough. 

lies  Canaries,  the  French  name  for  the  Canaries. 

lies  d'Institut,  eel  diN»^steeHii',  a  group  of  islands 
ofiF  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  opposite  the  entrance  of 
Admiralty  Gulf,  respectively  named  after  the  distinguished 
French  authors  F6nelon,  Montesquieu,  Pascal,  Descartei, 
Corneille,  and  Condillac. 

lies  loniennes,  the  French  for  Ionian  Islands. 

lies  (Ilz)  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Sangamon  co.,  HI., 
2i  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield,  at  the  crossing  of  branches 
of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  and  Wabash  Railroads.  It  has  a 
coal-mine. 

lies  Salomon,  the  French  name  of  Solomon  Islands. 

Ilfracombe,  il'fra-koom,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  its  N.  coast,  9i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Barn- 
staple. It  has  a  fishery  and  coasting-trade,  and  is  frequented 
as  a  bathing-place.  Steam-packets  run  between  it  and  Bris- 
tol, Swansea,  and  Milford.     Pop.  of  parish,  4721. 

Ilgeldi,  il-ghSl^dee,  a  village  of  Asia,  46  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Khiva.     It  is  walled,  and  is  inhabited  by  Oozbeks. 

Ilghun,  or  Hgun,  eergoon',  a  large  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Konieh,  in  lat.  38°  9'  N.,  Ion.  32° 
E.,  with  some  Mohammedan  edifices,  classic  remains,  and 
two  lakes  in  its  vicinity. 

Ilha,  eel'yi,  a  Portuguese  word,  signifying  "island," 
forming  a  part  of  many  names  in  Brazil,  &c. 

Hha  das  Fedras,  Brazil.    See  Camahu. 

Ilha  das  Rolhas,  eel'y&  d&s  rol'y&s,  a  small  Portu- 
guese island  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  just  S.  of  the  island 
of  St.  Thomas. 

Hha  do  Governador,  Brazil.    See  Governaoor. 

Ilha  do  Principe.    See  Prince's  Island. 

Ilha  dos  Ovos,  eel'y&  doce  o'voce,  an  island  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Maranhao,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Cnma. 
Lat.  2°  4'  S. 

Ilha  dos  Porcos,  eel'yi  doce  poR'kooe,  a  group  of 
islets  of  Brazil,  off  the  coast  of  Rio  Janeiro,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  the  island  of  Sao  Sebastiao. 

Hha  Grande,  eel'yi  grin'di  ("great  island"),  an 
island  of  Brazil,  state  and  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro, 
in  the  Bay  of  Angra.  Length,  15  miles ;  breadth,  8  miles. 
It  produces  sugar  and  coffee,  and  has  several  good  anchor- 
ages, resorted  to  by  whale-ships.  On  its  W.  side  is  the 
village  of  Santa  Anna.     Pop.  2000. 

Hha  Grande,  a  town  of  Brazil.   See  Anora  dos  Reis. 

Ilhas  do  Almirante.    See  Amirante  Islands. 

Hhas  Verdes,  the  Portuguese  for  Cape  Vehd  Islands. 

Ilhavo,  eel-yi'vo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  4  miles 
S.  of  Aveiro,  near  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  8210. 

Ilheos,  eel-yi'oce,  four  small  islands  of  Brazil,  close 
to  the  coast  of  the  state  of  Bahia,  formerly  called  the 
Capitania  of  Jorge  de  Figueire  do  Correa,  and  now  com- 
prising one  of  the  comarcas  of  Bahia. 

Hi,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Eelee. 

Hi,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.     See  Kooldja. 

Hiamna,  e-le-am'ni,  a  volcano  of  Alaska,  on  the  pen- 
insula of  Aliaska.  Height,  12,066  feet.  It  is  generally 
in  a  state  of  activity. 

Hiamna  (or  Shel'ikoff)  Lake,  a  lake  of  Alaska, 
about  85  miles  long  and  24  miles  broad,  discharges  it< 
waters  by  the  river  Kwichak  into  Bristol  Bay. 

Ilici,  an  ancient  name  of  Elche. 

Iljjah,  or  Ilidjah,  e-lid'j4,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Tv 
key  (anc.  Elegi'a),  8  miles  W.  of  Erzroom. 


ILI 


1450 


ILL 


Il^ah,  or  Ilidjah,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  70 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Ilim,  e-lim'  or  e-leem',  a  river  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Irkootak,  tributary  to  the  Angara.  Total  course,  180  miles. 
On  it  is  Ilimsk,  a  fortified  post,  300  miles  N.  of  Irkootsk. 

Pop.  542.  .  ,       .  ,  , 

Ilini^a,  Iliuiza,  e-le-nee'si,  or  Ilinissa,  e-le-nis'sl 
(improperly  written  Ilinca),  a  mountain-peak  of  the 
Andes,  in  Ecuador.     Lat.  30°  S.     Height,  17,380  feet. 

Il'ion,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Herkimer,  and 
Hi  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  of&ce,  and  a  large  armory, 
in  which,  at  times,  nearly  1000  men  are  employed  making 
Remington  rifles,  pistols,  Ac. ;  also  a  manufactory  of  sewing- 
machines  and  one  of  farming-implements.  A  horse-railroad 
connects  it  with  Mohawk.     Pop.  in  1890,  4057. 

Ilipa)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Niebla. 

Ilipa^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Olvera. 

Ilipa^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zalamea. 

Iliseh,  e-lis'^h,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  53  miles  N.E. 
of  Diarbekir.  It  is  named  after  the  adjacent  warm  springs. 
Pop.  5000. 

Ilissus,  e-lis'siis,  a  little  rivulet  of  Greece,  in  Attica, 
rises  near  the  village  of  Aleti,  flows  S.W.,  skirting  Athens 
on  the  S.,  and  enters  the  Phaleron,  a  port  E.  of  the  Piraeus, 
after  a  total  course  of  10  miles.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
once  a  much  more  considerable  stream ;  but  at  present  its 
waters  seldom  reach  the  sea. 

Ilitsi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Khoten. 

Iliturge^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Utrera. 

Iliyats,  a  people  of  Persia.    See  Eeleetats. 

Il^kal',  a  town  of  the  Bombay  presidency,  India.  Pop. 
10,136. 

Il'keston^  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  a  railway, 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Derby.  The  town,  situated  on  a  lofty 
hill,  is  well  built,  plentifully  supplied  with  water,  and  well 
lighted  with  gas.  The  church  is  a  fine  ancient  edifice,  with 
a  lofty  tower,  and  there  are  several  Dissenting  chapels, 
national  schools,  a  mechanics'  institution,  and  a  library.  It 
has  manufactures  of  hosiery,  silk  edgings,  lace,  silk  mit- 
tens, and  a  silk  fabric  which  is  made  into  gloves.  A  con- 
siderable number  of  the  inhabitants  are  also  employed  in 
mining  coal  and  ironstone.  Two  canals  intersect  the  town. 
Pop.  of  parish,  9662. 

Ilk'ley  (anc.  Olicana  ?),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Otley.     Pop.  of  parish,  2865. 

Ill)  eel,  a  river  of  Alsace,  rises  near  Altkiroh,  flows  N. 
of  Strasburg,  and  joins  the  Rhine  on  the  left.  Length,  100 
miles.     It  is  navigable  for  62  miles. 

Ill)  eel,  a  river  of  Austria,  falls  into  the  Rhine  14  miles 
S,  of  Lake  Constance.     Total  course,  about  50  miles. 

IllabascO)  Salvador.    See  Cojutepequb. 

Illana^  eel-y&'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince of  Guadalajara,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  1640. 

Illancsa,  iri5n'ch5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Banat,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2848. 

Illauoii)  il-l&-non',  or  Illana,  il-la'n&,  a  bay  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  forming  a  wide  inlet  of  the  Celebes  Sea, 
extending  into  the  island  of  Mindanao,  on  its  S.W.  side. 
Length  and  breadth,  70  miles  each. 

lUapei,  eel-yi-p5l',  a  town  of  Chili,  state  of  Coquimbo, 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  110  miJes  E.  by  N.  of  Val- 
paraiso.    Pop.  6403.     Here  gold  has  been  mined. 

Illary,  an  island  of  Scotland.     See  Illeray. 

Illasi,  il-li'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  2399. 

Illats,  ee^its',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1766. 

IllaU)  il'lSw  (Hun.  Rlava,  iriSh'vSh^),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag.    Pop.  1100. 

IllaTla*  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Ilovla. 

Illawara,  Louisiana.    See  Alsatia. 

IPlawar'ra,  a  maritime  district  of  New  South  Wales, 
eo,  of  Camden,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sydney.  It  contains  a 
fine  lake  or  salt  lagoon  of  the  same  name.  Chief  town, 
Wollongong. 

lUe,  eel,  a  river  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  rises  in 
the  itang  Boulet,  flows  S.  18  miles,  and  joins  the  Vilaine  at 
Rennes. 

Ille,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyrgnges-Orientales,  on  the 
Tet,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prades.     Pop.  3222. 

lUe-et-Yilaine,  eel-i-veeMin',  a  department  in  the 
N.W.  of  France,  on  the  English  Channel,  forming  part  of 
the  old  province  of  Normandy.  Area,  2554  square  miles. 
The  snrfaoe  is  flat,  and  covered  on  the  N.  with  forests. 


dunes,  and  marshes.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Vilaine,  Ille, 
Couesnon,  and  Ranee.  A  portion  of  the  department  i& 
traversed  by  the  canal  of  Ille  and  Ranee  on  the  N.  and  that 
of  Nantes  and  Brest  on  the  S.  Grain,  tobacco,  hemp,  and 
flax  are  important  crops,  and  cider  is  extensively  made. 
The  minerals  comprise  iron,  lead,  building-stones,  and  pot- 
ters' clay.  Manufactures  of  hempen  and  linen  thread  and 
sail-cloth  are  extensively  carried  on ;  the  other  branches  of 
industry  are  iron-forging,  glass-making,  and  tanning. 
Oysters  are  largely  exported  from  Cancale.  The  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Rennes,  the 
capital,  FougSres,  Montfort,  Redon,  Saint-Malo,  and  Vitr6. 
Pop.  in  1881,  615,480;  in  1891,  626,825. 

Iller)  il'l^r,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Tyrol,  flows 
mostly  northward  through  Bavaria  and  along  the  frontier 
of  Wiirtemberg,  and  joins  the  Danube  about  2  miles  above 
Ulm ;  course,  85  miles.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Immenstadt 
and  Kempten.     Its  principal  afSuent  is  the  Aurach. 

Il'leray%  or  Il'lary*  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co. 
of  Inverness.     Length,  about  4  miles ;  breadth,  IJ  miles. 

Illertissen,  il'l§r-tis^s§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swa- 
bia,  on  the  Iller,  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Augsburg.    Pop.  1339. 

lUescaS)  il-ySs'kis  (anc.  Illacuna  f),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Toledo,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1661. 

Il^ian'a,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Railroad,  40  mile* 
E.  of  Tuscola. 

IlliberiS)  the  ancient  name.of  Elne. 

IlliberiS)  the  ancient  name  of  Granada. 

IllierS)  ee^yi'  or  eePyi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-ei- 
Loir,  on  the  Loir,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  2216. 

Illimani)  eerye-m&'ne,  one  of  the  loftiest  mountains 
of  the  Bolivian  Andes,  East  Cordillera,  about  25  miles 
E.S.E.  of  La  Paz,  from  which  its  appearance  is  singularly 
imposing.  It  is  a  serrated  ridge,  with  four  principal  peaks, 
the  northernmost  of  which  is  in  lat.  16**  37'  50"  S.,  Ion. 
67°  49'  39"  W.  Three  of  the  loftiest  summits  are  of  the 
following  elevations,  respectively :  S.  peak,  21,149  feet  above 
sea-level;  middle  peak,  21,094  feet;  N.  peak,  21,060  feet. 
The  snowy  part  of  the  East  Cordillera  begins  with  the  gi- 
gantic mass  of  the  Illimani,  and  proceeds  in  a  continuous 
line  of  snow-clad  peaks  to  the  group  of  Vilcanota,  where  it 
unites  with  the  Cordillera  of  the  Coast.  It  derives  its 
name  from  being  perpetually  covered  with  snow.  On  it« 
N.  side  it  has  glaciers  above  the  height  of  16,350  feet.  On 
it  also  is  the  Lake  of  Illimani,  15,950  feet  above  the  sea. 

Illincze,  il-lint'6&,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia, 
39  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  2473. 

lUingeU)  il'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtem- 
berg, 17  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1348. 

Illi'ni)  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  HI.     Pop.  821. 

Illinois^  iriin-oi'  or  ilMin-ois',  a  north-central  state 
of  the  American  Union,  lying  in  the  valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi and  the  Great  Lakes,  and  bounded  N.  by  Wisconsin, 
E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  S.E.  and  S. 
by  Kentucky,  S.  and  S.W.  by  Missouri,  and  W.  by  Mis- 
souri and  Iowa.  Lake  Michigan  washes  its  northeastern 
border;  the  Wabash  separates  it  in  part  from  Indiana; 
from  Kentucky  it  is  divided  by  the  Ohio ;  and  along  its 
whole  western  limit  flows  the  Mississippi,  separating  it 
from  Iowa  and  Missouri.  Area,  56,650  square  miles,  of 
which  all  but  about  12  per  cent,  has  been  converted  into 
farms.  Two-thirds  of  the  farm-land  is  tilled  ground,  and 
16  per  cent,  woodland. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Illinois  is  mostly  a  level  table- 
land, elevated  from  340  to  800  feet  above  sea-level,  and 
gently  inclined  to  the  S.  Along  the  principal  rivers  there 
are  some  bluffs ;  in  the  N.W.  there  is  a  broken  tract  of  un- 
even country;  and  in  the  alluvial  districts  there  are,  in 
some  places,  deep  valleys  eroded  by  the  action  of  streams. 
In  the  extreme  S.  there  is  a  remarkable  elevation  which 
crosses  the  state  from  Shawneetown  to  Grand  Tower,  reach- 
ing a  height  of  850  feet  above  sea-level.  This  appears  to 
be  the  highest  land  in  the  state.  Another  elevation  runs 
from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.  across  the  state,  crossing  Rock  River 
at  Grand  Detour  and  the  Illinois  at  Split  Rock.  The 
prairies,  or  open  plains,  are  in  part  very  level,  but  more 
generally  gently  undulating.  They  were,  not  many  years 
since,  very  commonly  almost  destitute  of  trees;  but  the 
area  of  woodland  has  extended,  partly  from  the  cessation 
of  prairie-fires,  and  to  some  extent  from  the  planting  of 
forest-trees.  As  a  rule,  the  natural  forests  include  but  few 
coniferous  trees. 

Of  the  56,650  square  miles  of  Illinois,  about  37,000  be 
long  to  the  productive  coal-field,  but  nearly  all  the  state  is 
deeply  overlaid  by  the  drift.  The  extreme  S.  of  the  state 
is  tertiary  and  post-tertiary ;  the  southern  hills  reveal  De- 


ILL 


1451 


ILL 


Yonian  strata,  but  are  believed  to  have  been  upheaved  after 
the  triassio  and  before  the  cretaceous  age.  Tne  N.  portion 
of  the  state  is  mainly  Silurian  in  its  age;  and  rocks  of 
every  age  from  that  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone  upward  are 
known.  The  coals  of  Illinois  are  widely  distributed, 
abundant,  and  easily  accessible;  but  as  a  rule  they  are 
poor  in  quality  as  compared  with  Pennsylvania  coals.  All 
are  bituminous.  Their  defects  are  the  presence  of  too 
much  moisture,  the  large  admixture  of  iron  sulphides, 
and  the  tendency  to  crumble;  but  they  are  good  steam- 
coals,  and  are  well  suited  to  domestic  uses.  Nevertheless 
there  are  some  coals  of  high  grade,  like  the  Howlet  coal  of 
Sangamon  co.,  and  especially  the  Big  Muddy  coal  of  Jack- 
son CO.,  which  is  a  block  coal  of  great  excellence,  well 
adapted  for  iron-smelting.  In  1889  coal  was  mined  in  49 
counties  and  854  mines;  the  total  output  was  12,104,272 
tons.  The  iron  ores  of  the  state  are  hardly  suitable  for 
working,  except  when  mixed  with  the  better  ores  of  Mich- 
igan and  Missouri,  but  good  bog-ores  are  reported  to  be 
found  in  the  Kankakee  country.  In  the  N.W.,  zinc,  and 
especially  lead,  are  mixed  in  the  galena  limestone  (Lower 
Silurian).  The  greatest  annual  lead-product  of  the  galena 
district  (1845)  was  54,494,856  pounds.  Limestone  and 
handsome  freestones  are  quarried  at  many  places.  Copper 
ores,  gypsum,  and  marble  are  found  at  various  points.  Sa- 
line, sulphur,  and  chalybeate  springs  occur,  mainly  south- 
ward.    Lead  also  occurs  in  the  S. 

The  winter  climate  is  quite  various,  for  the  state  extends 
N.  and  S.  through  five  and  a  half  degrees  of  latitude,  the 
northern  limit  having  the  latitude  of  Salem,  Mass.,  and  the 
southern  extremity  being  farther  S.  than  Petersburg,  Va. 
The  mean  annual  temperature  is,  therefore,  about  11°  Fahr. 
higher  in  the  S.  than  in  the  N.,  while  the  variation  is 
greater  in  the  N.  The  average  rainfall  appears  to  be 
greatest  in  the  N.  central  region.  The  prevailing  diseases 
are  of  malarial  origin ;  but  the  efifect  of  drainage  and  culti- 
vation has  been  to  mitigate  or  banish  such  diseases  to  a 
considerable  extent.  In  the  S.,  especially  on  the  Missis- 
sippi bottom-lands,  dangerous  paludal  fevers  prevail  in 
summer  and  autumn. 

Rivera  and  Lakes. — The  Mississippi,  Ohio,  and  Wabash 
afford  important  means  of  steam-communication.  The 
principal  river  of  the  state  is  the  Illinois,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Des  Plaines  and  the  Kankakee ;  and  by  means 
of  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal  (from  Chicago  to  Joliet) 
it  receives  a  supply  of  water  from  Lake  Michigan,  and 
aflfords  ready  communication  between  the  great  lakes  and 
the  Mississippi.  Its  main  tributaries  have  also  been  fitted, 
to  some  extent,  for  navigation.  The  rivers  Sangamon,  Kas- 
kaskia,  Fevre,  Spoon,  Rock,  Embarras,  and  others  have  a 
limited  extent  of  navigation.  Peoria  Lake  is  a  beautiful 
expansion  of  the  Illinois.  In  the  N.E.  are  several  shallow 
lakes  in  a  marshy  region  considerably  resorted  to  by  sports- 
men and  fowlers. 

Places  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — The  most  interesting 
points  to  be  noted  in  Illinois  are  not  so  much  the  natural 
features  of  the  country  as  its  wonderful  agricultural  and 
manufacturing  progress,  the  growth  of  its  railroad  inter- 
ests, and  the  rapid  development  of  its  cities  and  public 
institutions.  Still  there  is  attractive  natural  scenery  along 
the  shores  of  Lakes  Michigan  and  Peoria,  as  well  as  upon 
some  portions  of  its  rivers.  The  Cave-in  Rock,  once  a 
notorious  hiding-place  for  outlaws,  is  a  remarkable  natural 
grotto  in  Hardin  co.,  near  the  Ohio  River.  There  are  pic- 
turesque conglomerate  bluflFs  on  the  Mississippi,  especially 
in  the  S.  The  Grand  Prairie,  which  extends  N.N.E.  from 
Jackson  co.  for  more  than  200  miles,  and  the  Great  Ameri- 
can Bottom,  in  the  S.W.,  a  tract  embracing  some  288,000 
acres  of  unsurpassed  fertility,  are  worthy  the  attention  of 
the  tourist.  Among  the  relics  of  prehistoric  times,  none 
perhaps  are  more  noteworthy  than  the  great  mound  near 
Cahokia.  The  wet  plains  near  the  Kankakee  abound  in 
feathered  game,  and  are  a  favorit«  resort  of  shooting-par- 
ties in  the  autumn. 

Agricultural  Resources. — No  state  in  the  Union  exceeds 
Illinois  in  agricultural  capabilities.  Spring  and  winter 
wheat,  corn,  and  other  cereals,  live-stock,  hay,  and  dairy- 
products  are  the  principal  articles  of  export. 

Fruit-culture  is  carried  on  in  nearly  every  part  of  the 
state;  but  the  hilly  belt  of  the  extreme  S.  is  regarded  as 
the  best  section  for  this  occupation.  Here  the  production 
of  apples,  peaches,  pears,  and  the  small  fruits  is  the  lead- 
ing pursuit,  and  much  capital  is  invested  in  it.  In  the 
southernmost  counties  cotton  has  been  successfully  grown. 

Manufactures  have  already  become  extensive  in  Illinois, 
and  by  creating  a  home-market  for  food-products  are  re- 
anting  favorably  upon  agricultural  interests.     Iron,  steel, 


steel  rails,  machinery,  castings,  pig  lead  and  zinc,  flour, 
cement,  lime,  brick,  drain-tile,  boots,  shoes,  hardware, 
watches,  cooperage,  lumber,  furniture,  farming-implements, 
bridge-work  of  wood  and  iron,  carriages  and  railroad-cars, 
leather,  saddlery,  tobacco,  lard,  lard  oil,  soap,  whisky, 
malt,  and  malt  liquors,  woollens,  hosiery,  and  the  coarser 
and  simpler  kinds  of  manufactured  goods,  are  largely  pro- 
duced in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  state.  Chicago,  Aurora, 
Elgin,  Joliet,  Jacksonville,  Dixon,  Bloomington,  and  many 
other  towns  have  large  manufacturing  interests. 

IhQ  fisheries  of  the  state  centre  chiefly  at  Chicago.  Lake 
Michigan  produces  wall-eyed  pike,  three  kinds  of  bass,  two 
true  pikes,  salmon-trout,  the  excellent  white-fish,  three 
species  of  sucker,  the  carp,  the  sauger,  lake-herring  (a 
white-fish),  sturgeon,  <ko.  The  Mississippi  and  its  tribu- 
taries yield  wall-eyed  pike,  pike-perch,  buffalo-fish,  stur- 
geon, paddle-fish,  and  other  species,  many  of  them  utilized 
as  food-fishes. 

Railroads  traverse  nearly  every  county  in  the  state. 
Trunk  lines  connect  all  the  important  towns  with  one  an- 
other and  with  the  principal  cities  in  the  adjacent  states, 
extending  in  every  direction,  while  of  the  minor  or  sub- 
sidiary roads  and  branches  there  are  a  very  great  number. 
In  1846  there  were  22  miles  of  railroad  in  the  state ;  in 
1850, 111;  in  1855,  887;  in  1860,  2790;  in  1870,  4823;  in 
1880,  7851 ;  in  1890, 10,130.  The  first  railroad  in  the  state 
was  the  Sangamon  &,  Morgan,  a  part  of  which  was  opened 
in  1839.  Next  the  Galena  &  Chicago  was  undertaken  in 
1849,  and  in  the  following  year  ten  miles  were  completed. 
At  present  the  railroad  service  is  so  effective  and  so  cheap 
that  the  transportation  of  freight  upon  the  rivers  Ohio 
and  Mississippi,  formerly  very  extensive,  is  now  greatly 
reduced.  The  lake  commerce,  centring  chiefly  at  Chicago, 
extends,  via  the  Canadian  canals  and  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, to  the  Atlantic  ports  and  to  Europe  direct. 

Counties. — Illinois  has  (1890)  102  counties,  as  follows. 
Adams,  Alexander,  Bond,  Boone,  Brown,  Bureau,  Calhoun, 
Carroll,  Cass,  Champaign,  Christian,  Clark,  Clay,  Clinton, 
Coles,  Cook,  Crawford,  Cumberland,  De  Kalb,  De  Witt, 
Douglas,  Du  Page,  Edgar,  Edwards,  EflSngham,  Fayette, 
Ford,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gallatin,  Greene,  Grundy,  Hamil- 
ton, Hancock,  Hardin,  Henderson,  Henry,  Iroquois,  Jack- 
son, Jasper,  Jefferson,  Jersey,  Jo  Daviess,  Johnson,  Kane, 
Kankakee,  Kendall,  Knox,  Lake,  La  Salle,  Lawrence,  Lee, 
Livingston,  Logan,  Macon,  Macoupin,  Madison,  Marion, 
Marshall,  Mason,  Massac,  McDonough,  McHenry,  McLean, 
Menard,  Mercer,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan,  Moultrie, 
Ogle,  Peoria,  Perry,  Piatt,  Pike,  Pope,  Pulaski,  Putnam, 
Randolph,  Richland,  Rook  Island,  Saline,  Sangamon, 
Schuyler,  Scott,  Shelby,  Stark,  St.  Clair,  Stephenson,  Taze- 
well, Union,  Vermilion,  Wabash,  Warren,  Washington, 
Wayne,  White,  Whiteside,  Will,  Williamson,  Winnebago, 
and  Woodford. 

The  principal  cities  are  Chicago,  on  Lake  Michigan 
(pop.  in  1880,  503,185;  in  1890,  1,099,850);  Springfield, 
the  capital  (pop.  in  1890,  24,963) ;  Peoria,  on  Illinois  River 
(41,024) ;  Quincy,  on  the  Mississippi  (31,494) ;  Rockford, 
a  manufacturing  centre  (23,584) ;  Joliet  (23,264) ;  Bloom- 
ington, a  railroad  centre  (20,048);  Aurora,  with  varied 
industries  (19,688);  Elgin,  noted  for  the  manufacture  of 
watches  (17,823);  Decatur  (16,841);  Belleville  (15,361); 
Galesburg  (15,264);  East  St.  Louis  (15,169);  Rock  Island 
(13,634);  Jacksonville  (12,935);  Moline  (12,000);  Dan- 
ville (11,491) ;  Streator  (11,414).  Cairo,  Alton,  and  Free- 
port  each  have  more  than  10,000  inhabitants,  and  the 
population  of  Ottawa  City,  La  Salle,  and  Kankakee  exceeds 
9000  in  each  case.  Other  important  places  are  Galena  (the 
emporium  of  the  lead-region),  Lincoln,  Pekin,  Champaign, 
Waukegan,  Sterling,  Dixon,  Canton,  and  Monmouth. 

Education. — Illinois  has  a  permanent  school  fund,  the 
avails  of  which,  augmented  by  state  and  local  taxation, 
support  free  public  schools  in  every  part  of  the  state. 
There  are  also  chartered  and  private  schools  in  every  con- 
siderable town.  There  are  state,  county,  and  city  superin- 
tendents of  public  instruction ;  high  and  graded  schools  in 
the  principal  towns ;  libraries  in  many  of  the  schools ;  and 
the  schools  are  sustained  by  a  generous  and  intelligent  pub 
lie  spirit.  State  normal  universities  are  maintained  at  Nor- 
mal and  Carbondale,  county  normal  schools  in  Cook  and 
Peoria  cos.,  a  German-English  normal  school  at  Galena, 
and  normal  courses  in  at  least  six  colleges.  There  are  28 
colleges  and  universities  (some  of  them  educating  students 
of  both  sexes),  besides  many  colleges  for  ladies.  The  State 
Industrial  University  is  situated  at  Urbana  and  Champaign, 
and  the  Illinois  Agricultural  College  at  Irvington.  There 
are  some  16  theological,  4  law,  and  9  medical  schools;  a 
soldiers'  college  at  Fulton ;  institutions  for  the  blind  and  foi 


ILL 


1452 


ILM 


deaf-mates  at  Jacksonville;  insane  hospitals  at  Jacksonville, 
Elgin,  Chicago,  and  Anna;  reform  schools  at  Pontiac  and 
Chicago ;  a  state  institution  for  feeble-minded  youth  at  Lin- 
coln ;  a  state  eye  and  ear  infirmary  at  Chicago ;  and  at  Joliet 
the  state  penitentiary,  where  the  convicts  are  instructed,  and 
made  to  earn  enough  to  pay  the  expenses  of  the  institution. 

Gomtitution. — The  first  constitution  was  adopted  in  1818, 
the  next  in  1847,  and  the  present  one  in  1870.  Among  its 
unique  provisions  is  one  lor  minority  representation,  and 
all  special  and  private  legislation  is  forbidden.  Judges  are 
chosen  by  the  people,  and  hold  their  oflBce  for  limited  terms. 
Most  of  the  state  executive  ofiBcere,  including  the  governor, 
are  chosen  for  four  years.  The  senate  has  51  members, 
chosen  for  four  years,  in  two  classes,  so  that  one-half  vacate 
their  positions  at  the  end  of  every  two  years.  Neither  the 
state  nor  any  county  or  town  is  allowed  to  appropriate  any 
funds  or  do  anything  in  aid  of  any  sectarian  or  church  in- 
stitution of  any  character.  Twenty-two  representatives 
are  sent  to  the  Federal  Congress. 

The  name  of  the  state  is  derived  from  that  of  the  Illinois 
confederacy  of  Indian  tribes,  chiefly  Algonquins,  who  once 
inhabited  a  large  part  of  this  state,  although  the  Sacs,  Foxes, 
lowas,  Ac,  lived  in  the  north.  In  1679  La  Salle  entered 
this  region  from  Canada,  and  founded  Fort  CrSvecoeur  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Illinois.  Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia  were  founded 
in  1682  by  the  French,  and  the  latter  place  was  for  many 
years  the  capital  of  the  colony.  The  French  lived  at  peace 
with  the  Indians,  but  the  settlements  did  not  increase 
greatly  in  population  under  their  system.  In  1763  oc- 
curred the  conquest  of  Canada,  and  with  it  the  Illinois 
country  was  held  to  have  passed  under  English  sway,  and 
this  whole  region  was  made  a  county  of  Virginia.  In 
1787  the  United  States  government  organized  the  North- 
West  Territory,  and  in  1800  the  Indiana  Territory,  to  each 
of  which  in  succession  Illinois  belonged.  In  1809  Illinois 
Territory  was  set  off,  and  was  made  to  include  all  the  country 
east  of  the  Mississippi  River  northward  to  British  Amer- 
ica. In  1818  the  state  was  admitted  to  the  Union,  with  its 
present  limits.  Important  events  were  the  Indian  wars  of 
the  territorial  period  and  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1832. 
Springfield  became  the  capital  in  1840.  The  Mormon 
troubles  occurred  1840-44.  The  important  land-grant  of 
1850  in  aid  of  the  Central  Railroad  was  the  means  of 
greatly  stimulating  the  development  of  the  resources  of  the 
state.     During  the  war  no  state  furnished  more  men  pro- 

fortionately,  or  better  men,  to  the  Union  armies  than  did 
Ilinois,  which  also  had  the  honor  of  being  the  principal 
granary  and  feeder  of  the  United  States  armies.  In  1872 
occurred  the  great  fire  at  Chicago,  which,  however,  did  not 
apparently  check  to  any  great  extent  the  growth  of  the  city 
or  the  state  in  wealth  and  population.  A  prominent  fact 
in  the  recent  history  of  the  state  has  been  the  wonderful 
extension  of  her  railroad  system.  The  Illinois  &  Michigan 
Canal,  from  Chicago  to  La  Salle  (constructed  1836-48,  at  a 
cost  exceeding  $6,000,000),  has  since  1865  been  so  deep- 
ened, at  a  further  cost  of  some  $3,000,000,  that  water  now 
flows  through  it  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Illinois  River, 
which  indeed,  geologists  inform  us,  was  anciently  one  of 
the  natural  outlets  of  that  lake. 

The  population  in  1800  was  2458 ;  in  1810,  12,282 ;  in 
1820,  55,162;  in  1830,  157,445;  in  1840,  476,183;  in  1860, 
851,470 ;  in  1860,  1,711,951 ;  in  1865,  2,141,510 ;  in  1870, 
2,539,891;  in  1880,  3,077,871;  in  1890,  3,826,351. 

Illinois,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  385. 
It  contains  Corning. 

Illinois,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  399. 
Illinois  Bayou,  bi'oo.  Pope  co..  Ark.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Dover.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Illinois  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Montague  co.,  Tex. 
Illinois  City,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co..  111., 
8  or  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  1  mile  from 
the  Mississippi  River.   It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  stoneware. 

Illinois  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  18  miles  N.W,  of  Marshalltown. 

Illinois  River  rises  in  Benton  co..  Ark.,  and  runs 
nearly  southwestward  into  the  Indian  Territory.  It  enters 
the  Arkansas  River  about  22  miles  below  Tahlequah,  which 
is  on  the  Illinois. 

Illinois  River  is  formed  by  the  Des  Plaines  and  Kan- 
kakee Rivers,  which  unite  in  Grundy  co..  111.,  about  10  miles 
above  Morris.  It  runs  westward  through  La  Salle  oo.,  and  sub- 
sequently changes  its  course  to  the  S.W.  Having  formed  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Peoria,  Fulton,  Schuyler, 
and  Brown  on  the  right,  and  Woodford,  Tazewell,  Mason, 
and  Cass  on  the  left  hand,  it  finally  runs  southward,  and 


enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  IS  miles  above  Alton. 
The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  estimated  at  350  miles. 
It  is  the  largest  river  that  traverses  the  state,  and  is  navi- 
gable through  its  whole  extent.  It  is  stated  that  more  than 
50  steamboats  navigate  this  river,  which  is  connected  by  a 
canal  with  Lake  Michigan.  The  chief  towns  on  its  banks 
are  Peoria,  Ottawa,  La  Salle,  and  Pekin.  Its  principal 
tributaries  are  the  Fox  and  Sangamon  Rivers.  The  Illi- 
nois traverses  a  rich,  undulating  country,  in  which  bitumi- 
nous coal  is  abundant. 

Illinois  River,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  rises  in  Jo- 
sephine CO.,  runs  N. W.,  and  enters  Rogue  River  in  Curry  co. 

Illiop'olis,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  HI.,  in 
Illiopolis  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  20  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  689;  of  the  township,  1507. 

Illisera,  il'le-se-r&  (?),  a  small  town  of  Asia  Minor,  57 
miles  S.E.  of  Konieh. 

Illiturgis,  the  ancient  name  of  Andcjar. 

Illkirch-  Grafenstaden,  iH'keeRS-gr&'f^n-st&'d^n, 
(Fr.  Illkirch,  eePkeeRsh',  or  Elkirch),  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Alsace,  3  miles  S.  of  Strasburg.     ]?op.  4739. 

Illnau,  ill'n5w,  Unter,  oon't^r,  and  Ober,  o'b^r,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Kempt.     Pop.  2731. 

Illok,  iriok',  or  Ujlak,  oo^ee-Iik',  a  town  of  Slavonia, 
CO.  of  Syrmia,  with  a  port  on  the  Danube,  26  miles  W.  of 
Peterwardein.     Pop.  3127. 

Illora,  eel-yo'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Granada,  on  the  Charcon.     Pop.  3850. 

Illorai,  il-lo'ri,  or  Lorai,  lo'ri,  a  village  of  Sardinia, 
42  miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  1180. 

Illori,  il-Io-ree',  a  city  of  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rabba.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  sultan,  and  a  noted 
mart  for  trade.  Here  caravans  from  Egypt  and  Barbary 
meet  the  traders  of  the  Guinea  coast.  It  is  well  and  regu- 
larly built,  and  has  numerous  mosques.     Pop.  60,000. 

Illookst,  Illoukst,  or  Illuxt,  il-lookst',  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Courland,  103  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  980. 

Ill  ova,  il-lo'vi,  a  river  of  Austria,  joins  the  Save,  after 
a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Illueca,  eel-yoo-i'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1742. 

Illyefalva,  iryi'fe51'vSh\  or  Eliendorf,  i'le-^n-doRf, 
a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aloota,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Kronstadt.     Pop.  1320. 

Illyria,  il-llr'i§,  (anc.  niyr'icum,  or  Illyria  ;  Ger.  Illy- 
rien,  il-lee're-^n ;  Fr.  Ulyrie,  eeriee^ree'),  a  division  and 
titular  kingdom  of  Austria,  bounded  N.  by  Salzburg  and 
Styria,  E.  by  Styria  and  Croatia,  S.  by  the  Adriatic,  and 
W.  by  Italy  and  Tyrol.  Area,  10,937  square  miles.  It  is 
now  divided  into  the  crown-lands  or  provinces  of  Camiola, 
Carinthia,  and  Kiistenland  (which  see).  It  is  very  irregular 
in  shape,  and  terminates  sharply  in  the  S.  in  a  triangular 

Eeninsula.  The  surface  is  very  mountainous.  In  the  N.  a 
ranch  of  the  Norio  Alps,  beginning  at  the  Gross  Glock- 
ner,  stretches  E.,  forming  the  boundary  between  Illyria 
on  the  S.  and  Salzburg  and  Styria  on  the  N.  Another 
branch,  forming  the  Carnic  or  Julian  Alps,  stretches  across 
the  kingdom  in  a  S.W.  direction.  The  name  is  now  of 
historical  importance  only;  but  it  has  been  applied  to  a 
region  of  exceedingly  vague  and  varying  outlines.  The 
Illyrian  language  (so  called)  is  the  Serbo-Croatian  ;  and  in 
a  wide  sense  the  term  may  include  all  the  Southwestern 
Slavic  dialects.     Total  pop.  1,430,780. 

Illyr'ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Illyria 
township,  about  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  the  Volga  River,  and  contains  a  village 
named  Wadena.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1010. 

Ilm,  ilm,  a  river  of  Germany,  Bavaria,  joins  the  Danube 
near  Neustadt.    The  town  of  Pfaff'enhofen  is  on  its  banks. 

Ilm,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  rises  in  the  Thu- 
ringian  Forest,  flows  N.E.  past  Ilmenau,  Ilm,  Kranichfeld, 
and  Weimar,  and  joins  the  Saale  13  miles  N.  of  Jena. 
Total  course,  55  miles. 

Ilm,  Ilmstadt,  ilm'st&tt,  or  Stadt-Ilm,  st3,tt-ilm,  a 
town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on 
the  Ilm,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rudolstadt.     Pop.  2821. 

Ilmen,  il-m8n',  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Nov- 
gorod, 30  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  by  24  miles  in 
greatest  breadth.  It  receives  the  Lovat,  Mst»,  and  Schelon 
Rivers,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  Volkhov 
northward  into  Lake  Ladoga. 

Ilmenau,  il'm^h-now^  a  town  of  Saxe-Weimar,  on  the 
Ilm,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Weimar.    Pop.  3443.     It  has  manu- 
factures of  metal  buttons,  woollens,  and  porcelain,  iron 
and  coal-mines,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  timber. 


ILM 


1453 


INC 


IlmenaU)  a  small  river  of  Hanover,  joins  the  Elbe 
from  the  S.  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Length,  60  miles. 

Il'miuster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  the 
He,  lOi  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  well- 
endowed  grammar-school,  a  free  school,  a  seminary  for  ladies, 
and  a  woollen-factory.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  em- 
ployed in  glove-making.     Pop.  2431. 

Ilo,  or  Ylo,  ee'lo,  a  port  of  Peru,  on  the  sea-coast,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  rivulet  called  Ho,  63  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Moquegua. 

Iloilo,  or  Yloilo,  ee^lo-ee'lo,  a  town  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Panay,  opposite  the  isle  of 
Guimaras.  It  has  a  large  export  trade  in  sugar,  hemp, 
canes,  sapan-wood,  and  tobacco,  and  imports  coal.  Its  port 
is  secure.  Pop.  7500.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  populous  prov- 
ince of  the  same  name. 

Iloncza^  eUon'tsoh\  or  Ilnitza,  eePnit'zSb^  a  village 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Beregh.     Pop.  1000. 

IlopangO)  or  Illabasco.    See  Cojutepeque. 

Ilorci)  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lobca. 

Ilovla,  e-lov'li,  or  Ilavla,  e-liv'li,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Saratov  and  the  Don-Cossack  country,  joins 
the  Don  at  Ilovlinskaia,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  150  miles. 
A  canal  unites  it  with  the  Volga  at  Kamishin. 

Ilovlinskaia,  or  Ilowlinskaja,  e-lov-Iin-ski'&,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  the  Don-Cossack  country,  on  the  Ilovla, 
near  its  confluence  with  the  Don,  50  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Tsaritsin.     Pop.  3026. 

Ilpendam,  ilp'^n-dim^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  North  Holland  Canal,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Amster- 
dam.    Pop.  1618, 

II  Rubicone,  the  Italian  for  the  Rubicon. 

Ilsenberg,il's9n-bfiRG\a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  16 
miles  W.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  3420. 

Ilsfeld,  ils'fSlt,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg, 
6  miles  S.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1932. 

Iluro,  the  ancient  name  of  Oloron. 

Ilva,  an  ancient  name  of  Elba. 

II  Vasto,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Vasto. 

Ilvesheim,  il'v?s-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neokar,  4  miles  E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1466. 

Ilwaco,  il-wi'ko,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Pacific  CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Astoria.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Ilz,  or  Iltz,  ilts,  a  small  river  of  Lower  Bavaria,  joins 
the  Danube  at  Ilzstadt,  a  suburb  of  Passau. 

Ilza,  il'zi,  or  Ilsha,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of 
Radom,  on  the  Ilza,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Opatow.    Pop.  2754. 

Imdklit  (e-mi'kleet),  or  Ratmdnoff  (rit-mS,n'oflF) 
Island,  one  of  the  Diomede  Islands,  in  Behring  Strait. 
It  belongs  to  Russia. 

Imalaguan,  e-mk-lk-gwkn' ,  an  island  of  the  Philip- 
pines, in  the  Sooloo  Sea.     Lat.  10°  42'  N.j  Ion.  121°  E. 

Imam -Door,  Imam -Dour,  or  Imam-Dur, 
e-mimMooR'  (ano.  Dura),  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris. 

Imandra,  e-m&n'dri,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of 
Archangel,  35  miles  S.  of  Kola.     Length,  60  miles. 

Imareeyeh,  or  Imariyeh,  Arabia.    See  Aabed. 

Imataca,  e-mi-ti'ki,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  after  a 
course  of  about  75  miles,  joins  the  Orinoco  on  the  right 
about  60  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Imaus,  Asia.    See  Himalaya  Mountains. 

Im'bros,  or  Im'bro,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, belonging  to  Turkey,  oflF  the  entrance  of  the  Helles- 
pont; its  highest  summit  in  lat.  40°  10'  N.,  Ion.  25°  51'  E., 
and  1959  feet  above  the  sea.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  19 
miles ;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  is  densely  wooded,  and  has  a 
pop.  of  about  4000. 

Imerina,  Madagascar.    See  Emerina. 

Imeritia,  e-m^r-ish'e-a,  or  Imerethi,  im-9-rd,'tee,  a 
former  country,  now  included  in  the  Russian  government 
of  Kootais  (which  see),  Transcaucasia,  forming  a  part  of 
the  ancient  Colchis,  having  N.  the  Caucasus  Mountains,  E. 
Georgia,  W.  Mingrelia  and  Qooriel,  and  S.  the  old  pashalio 
of  Akhalzikh.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  well  wooded, 
and  wholly  comprised  in  the  basin  of  the  Rion  (anc.  Phasia). 
The  climate  is  moist  and  unhealthy.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  products  comprise  wheat,  barley,  sorgho,  maize,  tobacco, 
hemp,  madder,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruits  common  in 
Europe,  which  articles,  with  wine,  cotton  stuffs,  taffetas, 
wool  and  woollen  hosiery,  honey,  wax,  and  skins,  constitute 
the  chief  exports. 

Im'lay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Imlay 
township,  on  or  near  the  Belle  River,  2i  miles  from  Imlay 
City  Station,  and  about  45  miles  N.  of  Detroit.     It  has 


manufactures  of  brooms,  sash,  blinds,  and  lumber.  Th< 
township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Imlay  City. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2620. 

Imlay  City,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  34 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Lapeer. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  2  elevators,  and  2  planing- 
mills.     Pop  in  1890,  1251. 

Imlay's  Mills,  former  name  of  Jacksonyille,  N.J. 

Im'laystown,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
1  mile  from  the  railroad  which  connects  Hightstown  with 
Pemberton,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Hightstown.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Im'lertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in  Bed- 
ford township,  2i  miles  from  Yount's  Station,  which  ig  4 
miles  N.  of  Bedford.     It  haa  2  churches. 

Immenhansen,  im'm^n-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1311. 

Immenstadt,  im'm^n-stitt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Kempten.     Pop.  2397. 

Imola,  ee'mo-l4  (anc.  Fo'rum  Corne'lii),  a  town  of 
Central  Italy,  province  and  22  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Ba 
logna,  on  the  Santerno.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  de- 
fended by  a  castle,  and  well  built.  It  has  a  cathedral,  sev- 
eral other  churches  and  convents,  a  hospital,  a  theatre,  a 
college,  and  a  public  library.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has 
active  manufactures.     Pop,  9355. 

Imperador,  Villa  do,  veel'14  do  eem-pi-ri-doR',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parahiba,  has  some  trade  in  pro- 
visions and  cotton. 

Imperatriz,  Villa  da,  veel'll  d3,  eem-pi-r3,-trees',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  CearS,  on  the  Serra  Uruburelama, 
W.  of  Fortaleza. 

Imperial,  a  river  of  Chili.    See  Cautew. 

Imperial,  im-pe'r^-al,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of 
Chase  co..  Neb.,  24  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Grant.  It 
has  0  church  organizations,  3  banks,  an  academy,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  159. 

Imperial,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Montour  Junction, 

Imperial  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich,,  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  flouring-mills. 

Imphan  Tooral,  or  Impan  Tural,  imp-bin'  (or 
imp-8,n')  too-ril',  or  Muth'nee,  the  principal  river  of 
Munepoor,  India,  joins  the  Khyen-Dwem  River  130  miles 
N.W.  of  Ava. 

Imphy,  5,M^fee',  a  village  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Loire,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1437. 

Imst,  imst,  Imlist,  im'list,  or  Umbieta,  oom-be-i'UL, 
a  town  of  Austria  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  31  miles  W.  of 
Innspruck.     Pop.  2236. 

I'musdale,  a  post-office  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal. 

Inaba,  e-ni'bi  (Chinese,  Yn-Fan),  a  coast  province  of 
Japan,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  island  of  Hondo.  It  is  monn- 
tainous,  but  fertile,  and  produces  abundance  of  silk.  Pop. 
162,842. 

Inacces'sible  Island,  the  westernmost  of  the  Tris- 
tan d'Aounha  group,  in  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  37°  6'  S. 

Inada,  e-n&'d&,  or  Ainada,  rn&'d&,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  75  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Inagua,  e-ni'gw&,  or  Great  Heneagna,  one  of  the 
Bahama  Islands,  the  largest  and  most  southerly  of  the 
group,  50  miles  in  length  and  25  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
It  affords  salt  and  good  pasturage.  Lat.  of  N.E.  point,  21® 
18'  N.J  Ion.  73°  40'  W.  Pop.  994.  Little  Inagua  or 
Heneagua,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  12  miles  north- 
ward, is  about  8  miles  in  length  by  6  miles  across. 

In'avale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Webster  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Republican  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Red  Cloud. 

Inca,  ing'k&,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3400. 

Inch,  intch,  a  Celtic  word  signifying  "island,"  forms 
the  name  or  a  part  of  the  name  of  numerous  places  and 
islands  in  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

Inch,  an  island  in  Lough  Swilly,  co.  of  Donegal,  Ire- 
land.    Area,  3822  acres.     Pop.  1016. 

Inch-Brayock,  intch-br&'9k,  or  Ros'sie  Island, 
a  low,  fiat  island  in  the  channel  of  the  South  Esk,  in  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Forfar,  between  Montrose  Basin  and  the  Ger- 
man Ocean. 

Inch-Cailliach,  intch-k&l'yaK  ("island  of  old 
women"),  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling. 

Inch  Cape,  German  Ocean.    See  Bell  Rock. 

Inch'colm,  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  in  the 
Firth  of  Forth,  2  miles  S.  of  Aberdour.  On  it  are  the  ruins 
of  a  monastery  founded  by  Alexander  I.  in  1123. 


INC 


14^4 


IND 


Inch-Gar'vie,  a  rooky  islet  of  Scotland,  in  the  Firth 
if  Forth,  opposite  Queensferry. 

lu'chiquiU)  a  barony  and  island  of  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
■ter,  CO.  of  Clare.  The  island  is  in  Lough  Corrib.  Pop.  of 
barony,  11,510. 

Inchkeith,  intch-keeth',  a  small  rocky  island  of  Soot- 
land,  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  S.  of  Kinghorn,  co.  of 
Fife,  opposite  Leith.  It  has  a  light-house  in  its  centre, 
with  a  revolving  light     Lat.  56°  2'  N.;  Ion.  3°  8'  W. 

luch-Keu'neth,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Mull,  is  about  1  mile  in  length. 

Inch-Marnoch,  intch-mar'n^K,  an  islet  of  Scotland, 
in  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  co.  and  2  miles  W.  of  Bute. 

Inch-AIur'rin,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Loch  Lomond,  is  about  2  miles  in  length. 

Inch-Taranach,  intoh-t4v'a-niK  ("  monks' island"), 
in  Loch  Lomond,  Scotland,  is  1  mile  long. 

Inchy-Beaumont,  ino^8hee'-bo^m6ii«',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Nord,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1744. 

IncinO)  in-chee'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Como,  3  miles  from  Erba.     Pop.  1056. 

Incisa,  in-chee'zi  or  in-chee'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Belbo.     Pop.  3054. 

Incorouata,  an  island  of  Dalmatia.     See  Cobokata. 

In'crease,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Inculisma,*the  ancient  name  of  ANGOULiiME. 

Indals-Elf,  in'dils-filf,  or  In'dal,  a  river  of  Sweden, 
Isens  of  Jemtland  and  Hernosand,  formed  a  short  distance 
below  Kagunda,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia 
10  miles  N.  of  Sundsvall.     Length,  60  miles. 

lu'dapoor,  a  -town  of  India,  district  and  84  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Poonah.    Pop.  7007. 

Indent'ed  Head)  a  peninsula  of  Australia,  in  Vic- 
toria, bounding  the  entrance  to  Port  Phillip  on  its  W.  side. 
Area,  about  100,000  acres.  It  is  watered  by  the  Barwurn 
River,  and  consists  chiefly  of  grassy  plains. 

lu^depen'dence,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkan- 
sas. Area,  736  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White 
River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Black  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com, 
grass,  and  pork'  are  the  staple  products.  Marble  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Batesville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,566;  in  1880,  18,086;  in  1890,  21,961. 

Independence^  a  hamlet  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  about 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montgomery. 

Independence^  a  post- village,  capital  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal., 
on  Owen's  River,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
about  270  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mount  Tyndall.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Independence,  a  hamlet  of  Glrant  and  Madison  cos., 
Ind.,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Independence  V  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wabash  River,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash 
A  Erie  Canal,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  183. 

Independence )  a  township  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  960. 

Independence,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Buchanan  co., 
Iowa,  on  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux 
City  (or  Illinois  Central)  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.  W. 
of  Cedar  Rapids,  69  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  and  24  miles  B. 
of  Waterloo.  It  has  9  churches,  2  high  schools,  a  convent, 
a  Catholic  seminary,  a  free  public  library,  3  banks,  3  news- 

?aper  offices,  flour-mills,  machine-shops,  and  a  creamery, 
op.  3163.  An  asylum  for  the  insane  has  been  built  by  the 
state  near  this  town. 

Independence,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.    See  Hickory. 

Independence,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Kansas,  in  Independence  township,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Verdigris  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Southern 
Kansas  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Humboldt,  and  about 
32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Parsons.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich 
-country,  which  is  well  watered  and  diversified  by  mounds, 
groves,  and  prairies.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  8 
churches,  a  United  States  land-office,  a  graded  school,  3 
steam  grist-mills,  2  planing-mills,  3  brick-yards,  a  brewery, 
a  steam-elevator,  and  manufactories  of  tobacco,  candy, 
brooms,  and  wagons.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3127. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  iKansas. 
Pop,  277. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky,,  on 


the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  court-house.     P.  134, 

Independence,  a  post-office  of  Tangipahoa  parish, 
La.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  62 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans, 

Independence,  a  plantation  in  Penobscot  co.,  Ms 
Pop.  185. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Oakland  co,,  Mich, 
Pop.  1274. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co,,  Minn. 
Pop.  652. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Tate  oo..  Miss.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Coldwater,  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Memphis, 
Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.  P.  747. 

Independence,  a  city,  capital  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  Pacific  and  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  A  North- 
western Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City,  4  miles  S. 
of  the  Missouri  River,  and  272  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
contains  8  or  9  churches,  seminaries  for  each  sex,  4  banks, 
printing  offices  which  issue  6  newspapers,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  broom-factory,  a  foundry,  a  cigar-factory, 
and  a  planing-mill.  It  was  formerly  the  place  where  many 
emigrants  to  California,  Texas,  Ac.,  procured  their  outfits. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6380. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.    P.  964. 

Independence,  township,  Nodaway  co..  Mo.   P.  1818. 

Independence,  township,  Schuyler  oo.,  Mo.    P.  1694. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  1249.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Green's  Corners  and 
Whitesville. 

Independence,  a  post-village  in  Independence  town- 
ship, Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Cuyahoga 
River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2 
churches,  graded  schools,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  bend- 
ing-works,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
600 ;  of  the  township,  1973. 

Independence,  Richland  co.,  0.    See  Bctler. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  Willamette  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Independence  (Seventy-Six  Post-Office),  a  village  in 
Independence  township,  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Economy.  The  township  contains  2  churches,  several  grist- 
and  saw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  728. 

Independence,  a  post- village  in  Independence  town- 
ship, Washington  co..  Pa.,  aboat  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.     Pop.  144 ;  of  the  township,  977. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co,, 
Tex.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Brenham.  Here  is  Baylor  Univer- 
sity (Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1846,  and  has  6  pro- 
fessors, about  100  students,  and  a  library  of  2700  volumes. 
Independence  contains  also  a  female  college,.  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  ploughs,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  373. 

Independence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grayson  co., 
Va.,  on  New  River,  about  56  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Abingdon. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  350. 

Independence,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co..  Wash. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Graf- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  273. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Trempealeau  co., 
Wis.,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Winona,  Minn.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill. 
and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  in  1890,  382, 

Independence  Cfreek,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton 
CO,,  runs  westward,  and  enters  Black  River  in  Lewis  co., 
about  3  miles  E.  of  Martinsburg. 

Independencia  (een-di-pln-d5n'she-i)  Bay,  an  inlet 
of  Peru,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  40  miles  S.  of  Pisco.  It  is 
resorted  to  for  guano. 

Independent,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.     See  Hickoet, 

Independ'ent  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  oo., 
Tenn. 

Independent  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Bristoe  Station. 

Independent  Tartary,  Asia.    See  Toorkistan. 

Inderab,  a  town  of  Tartary.     See  Andebab. 

Inderabia,  in'd^-ri'b^-i,  or  Anderabia,  Sn'd^-rA'- 
b^-S.,  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  off  the  coast  of  Persia, 
5  miles  from  the  mainland. 

Inderghur,  or  Indergurh,  inM§r-giir',  a  town  of 
India,  dominion  and  85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jeypoor.  Lat. 
25°  45'  N. :  Ion.  76°  18'  E. 


IND 


1455 


IND 


Inderknsh,  in-d^r-koosh',  a  village  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  S.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  26  miles  E,  of 
Nakhodeb, 

In'dex,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  S.  of  Gun 
City  Station.     Pop.  of  Index  township,  795. 

Index  Peak)  Wyoming,  a  volcanic  peak  near  the 
Bource  of  Clarke's  Fork,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Pilot  Peak.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  about  10,500  feet.  Silver-mines  have 
been  opened  very  near  this  mountain. 

India,  in'de-a  (Fr.  Ind,  iNd;  Ger.  and  Dutch,  Indien, 
in'de-§n ;  L.  In'dia ;  Gr.  'Iv5ia,  a  name  probably  derived 
from  that  of  the  river  Indus),  often  called  Ind  by  the 
poets,  an  extensive  country  or  region  of  Southern  Asia, 
comprising  in  its  largest  acceptation  not  only  India  proper 
and  Indo-China,  but  also  at  least  the  northernmost  islands 
of  the  Indian  (Malay)  Archipelago,  thus  nearly  correspond- 
ing in  application  to  the  popular  but  vague  appellation 
East  Indies.  In  this  extensive  sense  it  was  employed  by 
the  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans.  It  more  correctly  designates 
an  extensive  empire  belonging  to  the  British  crown,  con- 
sisting of  the  great  central  peninsula  of  Southern  Asia  and 
a  narrow  strip  along  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  between 
lat.  8°  4'  and  36°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  66°  44'  and  99°  30'  E.  A 
part  of  this  empire  thus  belongs  geographically  to  Indo- 
China.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  di- 
viding it  from  Thibet  and  Toorkistan,  W.  by  a  range  sepa- 
rating it  from  Afghanistan  and  Belooohistan,  E.  by  parallel 
offshoots  from  the  opposite  extremity  of  the  Himalayas, 
dividing  it  from  Burmah  and  Siam,  and  on  the  other  sides  by 
the  Indian  Ocean.  Its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  nearly  2000 
miles ;  extreme  breadth,  on  the  parallel  of  28°,  1800  miles. 
It  comprises  several  native  states,  besides  the  territory  di- 
rectly subject  to  British  rule.  Over  most  of  these  the  British 
have  control,  guaranteeing  external  protection  and  internal 
tranquillity,  upon  payment  of  an  annual  tribute.  Some  of 
them  are  required  to  provide  a  native  force,  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  British,  to  resist  the  common  enemy.  For 
administrative  and  political  purposes,  the  possessions  of  the 
British  Empire  in  India  (provinces  and  native  states)  are 
distributed  as  follows,  the  populations  given  of  the  several 
political  divisions  being  according  to  the  census  returns  of 
1891. 


Political  Divisions. 


Provinces  and  Native    Qt„i„  „,  n„- -,„„* 

States  Style  of  GoTernment. 


Provinces  : 

Bengal,  Behar,  and 
Orissa 

North  West  Prov- 
inces and  Oude 

Punjab  and  Delhi.. 

Central  Provinces.. 

Assam 

Burma '....>.„. 

Madras 

Bombay,  with  Sind 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


Lieutenant-Governor. 


Chief  Commissioner. 


Governor  in  Council. 


Total  of  Provinces. 


native  States  : 

Hyderabad 

Berar 

Baroda 

Andaman  Islands.. 

Central  India 

Mysore 

Rajpootana 

In  Bengal 

In  N.W.  Provinces 

In  Punjab 

In    Central   Prov- 
inces  

In  Madras 

In  Bombay 


Total  of  Native  States., 


Total  of  British  India 1,374,932 


150,588 

106,111 

106,632 

84,446 

46,341 

87,220 

139,900 

124,192 


845,429 


81,807 

17,711 

8,570 

2,508 

75,079 

24,723 

129,750 

36,634 

5,125 

35,817 

28,834 

9,192 

73,753 


Pop.  in 
1891. 


66,691,456 

44,107,869 

18,850,437 

9,838,791 

4,881,425 

3,736,771 

30,868,504 

16,489,274 

195,414,527 


529,503 


9,845,594 

2,672,673 

2,185,005 

13,500 

9,261,907 

4,186,188 

10,268,392 

2,845,405 

741,750 

3,861,683 

1,709,720 
3,303,563 
6,941,249 


67,836,629 


253,301,156 


The  whole  peninsula  has  a  very  regular  coast-line  of 
about  3000  miles,  the  Gulfs  of  Cambay  and  Cutoh,  on  the 
W.,  being  the  only  indentations  of  any  extent,  and  is  very 
deficient  in  harbors.  In  physical  features  India  is  ex- 
tremely diversified,  consisting  of  three  distinct  parts, — a 
central  table-land,  a  vast  circumvallation  of  mountains, 
and  a  series  of  low  plains.  The  table-land  occiipies  gener- 
ally the  space  between  the  Ghauts  on  the  E.,  W.,  and  S., 
and  the  Vindhya  Mountains  on  the  N. ;  it  has  a  mean 
height  of  UOO  to  .1000  feet,  and  its  surface  is  sprinkled 


over  with  isolated  conical  hills,  rising  to  2000  feet  abor« 
the  plain,  or  4000  to  5000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  a 
general  slope  towards  the  E.,  as  indicated  by  the  drainage. 
This  table-land  is  divided  into  two  portions, — the  Decoan  in 
the  N.,  between  the  Nerbudda  and  Kistnah  Rivers,  includ- 
ing the  valley  of  Berar ;  and  the  plateau  of  Mysore,  between 
the  Kistnah  River  and  the  Neilgherry  Hills.  Between  this 
and  the  Himalayas  lies  the  immense  Gangetic  plain  in  the 
E.,  comprehending  the  vast  tract  of  level  country  drained 
by  the  Ganges  and  its  affluents,  the  lower  part  of  which  is 
annually  submerged  for  several  months.  This  plain  is 
exceedingly  fertile,  and  the  most  thickly  populated  portion 
of  India.  In  the  W.  the  great  sandy  desert  called  the 
Thurr,  intersected  by  the  Indus,  extends  from  the  Punjab  to 
the  Runn  of  Cutch,  a  distance  of  about  500  miles,  with  a 
similar  breadth,  forming  part  of  the  generally  arid  region 
extending  into  Central  Asia  and  Northern  Africa.  On  the 
N.  the  mountains  present  a  huge  barrier  between  the  basins 
of  the  Indus,  the  Upper  Brahmapootra,  and  the  Ganges. 

India  has  two  distinct  river  systems,  which  draw  their 
supplies  from  totally  different  sources.  The  Indus,  with 
its  magnificent  tributaries,  which  intersect  the  Punjab,  and 
the  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra,  with  their  gigantic  branches, 
derive  their  chief  supplies  from  the  melting  of  the  snows  on 
the  Himalayas ;  and  the  more  intense  the  heat,  so  much  the 
more  plentifully  do  these  gelid  storehouses  give  up  their 
treasures.  All  the  rivers  of  the  Hindostan  system,  on  the 
other  hand, — the  Sabermuttee,  Mhye,  Nerbudda,  and  Tap- 
tee,  falling  into  the  Gulf  of  Cambay  in  Western  India,  and 
the  Godavery,  Kistnah,  and  Cavery,  discharging  themselves 
into  the  Bay  of  Bengal, — originate  in  the  western  moun- 
tains, and  are  fed  by  the  rains  which  fall  over  these,  to  the 
extent  of  100  inches  on  an  average,  during  June,  July,  and 
August.  Both  systems,  whether  fed  by  snow  or  by  rain,  are 
in  flood  at  the  same  period  of  the  year,  that  being  just  the 
season  when  moisture  is  most  required.  Both  draw  their 
supplies  from  mountains  too  rocky  or  barren  to  require 
moisture  and  too  steep  to  retain  it,  and  which  send  to  the 
ocean,  through  tracts  of  the  finest  country  in  the  world, 
supplies  of  water  sufficient  to  transform  them  into  one 
universal  garden.  Canals  of  irrigation  are  constructed  in 
India  on  a  gigantic  scale. 

The  climate  of  India  is  still  more  varied  than  the  features 
of  the  country.  The  temperature  varies  extremely,  accord- 
ing to  latitude  and  elevation.  On  the  plains,  in  the  S., 
showers  are  frequent  at  all  seasons ;  in  Central  India  the 
rains  are  extremely  light ;  in  the  N.  there  are  both  summer 
and  winter  rains ;  in  Sinde  there  is  no  rainy  season,  and 
showers  fall  only  at  intervals  of  years.  Near  the  level  of 
the  sea  the  annual  rainfall  is  at  Madras  52,  at  Bombay 
75,  and  at  Calcutta  66  inches.  On  the  highlands,  again, 
the  rainfall  is  immense:  at  Chirrapoonjee,  in  the  Cossya 
Hills,  it  is  615  inches  in  a  year.  As  the  result  of  this,  the 
productiveness  of  the  different  regions  presents  the  most 
striking  contrasts.  In  the  upper  and  arid  regions  of  Ben- 
gal famine  recurs  at  regular  intervals  of  eighteen  or  nine- 
teen years,  and  in  the  North-West  Provinces  at  intervals  of 
seven  to  ten  years  ,*  while  in  the  moist  alluvial  plains  food- 
products  are  superabundant.  The  heat  is  so  great  in  the 
plains  that  European  labor  is  impossible,  and  no  third 
generation  of  Englishmen  can  live  and  maintain  vigor 
there;  whereas  in  the  hilly  and  mountainous  regions,  3000 
to  7000  feet  above  the  sea,  the  climate  is  healthy,  and  there 
sanataria  are  established  as  a  refuge  from  the  lowlands. 
In  the  N.  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  S.W.  monsoon  blows 
from  March  to  October;  the  N.E.  monsoon  succeeds,  and 
continues  from  October  to  March.  The  S.W.  monsoon 
brings  foul  weather ;  and  the  wind  blows  with  greater  force 
during  this  than  during  the  N.E.  monsoon,  when  the  sky  is 
generally  clear. 

Forests  occupy  a  large  extent  of  territory,  containing  a 
great  variety  of  useful  timber  trees ;  and  forests  of  bambou 
are  numerous.  Extensive  tracts  of  country  are  covered 
with  dense  jungles,  and  at  the  mouths  of  the  rivers,  es- 
pecially in  the  delta  of  the  Ganges,  immense  marshes,  with 
a  thick  rank  vegetation,  are  the  resort  of  formidable  wild 
animals,  elephants,  and  deer. 

The  chief  vegetable  products  of  India  are  wheat  and 
other  cereals,  cotton,  sugar,  indigo,  opium,  hemp,  flax,  tea, 
and  timber.  Wheat  is  grown  in  great  abundance  in  the 
North-West  Provinces  and  in  the  Punjab ;  barley  and  millet 
are  extensively  consumed  by  the  population  throughout  the 
peninsula;  rice  is  the  staple  food  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Bengal  and  in  the  plains.  Cotton  is  grown  over  a  portion 
of  Bengal  proper,  Aracan,  and  Pegu;  but  the  most  im- 
portant cotton-fields  are  in  Nagpoor,  the  Southern  Mah- 
ratta  country,  Berar,  and  Guzerat.   The  sugar-cane  is  culti- 


/ 


IND 


1456 


IND 


raXed  nearly  all  over  the  peninsula.  Indigo  is  cultivated, 
on  a  large  scale,  only  in  Bengal  proper,  where  it  is  the 
staple  product,  and  whence  it  is  exported  to  the  amount  of 
llj  millions  of  pounds  weight  in  a  year.  Opium  is  pro- 
duced in  greatest  abundance  in  the  district  S.  of  the  Ganges, 
in  Bengal,  and  in  Malwah,  whence  it  is  exported  through 
Bombay.  Tea  has  been  grown  for  years  in  Assam ;  lately 
it  has  been  cultivated  over  extensive  tracts  on  the  slopes  of 
the  Himalayas,  where  it  grows  at  an  elevation  of  5000  feet. 
Tea  is  grown  also  in  the  Neilgherries,  where  coffee  is  ex- 
tensively cultivated;  and  the  cinchona  plant  has  been 
successfully  introduced  there,  and  at  Darjeeling,  Ac.  The 
most  valuable  timber  is  the  teak;  it  grows  wild  in  the 
mountainous  parts  of  Malabar  and  the  Coromandel  coast, 
in  the  Punjab,  the  valley  of  the  Nerbudda,  the  Tenasserim 
provinces,  and  Pegu. 

Iron  and  coal  are  extensively  worked  near  Burdwan  in 
Bengal  and  Jubbulpoor  in  the  Central  Provinces ;  iron  and 
copper  are  distributed  nearly  all  over  India ;  coal  is  found 
also  in  the  Tenasserim  provinces,  Cuttack,  Bahar,  Lower 
Assam,  Sylhet,  Aracan,  Central  Provinces,  Guzerat,  Madras, 
and  Upper  Assam.  Silver  is  found  in  small  quantities  in 
the  jungles  of  Beerbhoom ;  gold  and  precious  stones  in  the 
rivers  of  Tenasserim,  the  Punjab,  and  on  the  coast  of  Mala- 
bar ;  diamonds  in  the  districts  of  Sumbulpoor,  Golconda,  and 
Vizapoor.  Salt  (a  government  monopoly)  is  extracted  from 
sea-water  on  a  large  scale,  and  from  the  mines  of  the  salt 
mountains  in  the  Punjab. 

The  zoology  of  India  comprises  the  elephant,  tiger, 
leopard,  panther,  wolf,  hyena,  lion  (which  is  rare),  wild 
buffalo,  bear,  jackal,  deer,  and  monkeys.  Crocodiles,  ser- 
pents, and  other  rep'tiles  are  numerous.  Domestic  animals 
are  the  horse,  camel,  buffalo,  ox,  sheep,  goat,  and  swine. 

In  consequence  of  large  expenditure  for  public  works, 
famine-relief,  &o.,  the  public  debt  of  the  empire  is  large, 
and  taxation,  though  apparently  light,  bears  neavily  upon 
a  people  where  the  rate  of  wages  is  so  low  as  in  India. 

Restrictions  which  hindered  commerce  and  retarded  the 
development  of  the  resources  of  the  country  have  been 
gradually  removed  within  the  last  twenty  years,  and  India 
now  enjoys  free  trade,  except  in  some  few  of  the  staples  ; 
the  dues  on  British  and  foreign  shipping  are  the  same. 
The  inland  duties  and  duties  on  goods  carried  coastwise  are 
abolished.  Exports  include  cotton,  rice,  seeds,  indigo,  hemp, 
Jute,  hides,  saltpetre,  wool,  silk,  coffee,  sugar,  gums,  opium, 
oils,  tea,  skins,  teak,  safBower,  ivory,  coir  rope,  cutch,  Ac, 
to  the  value  of  £56,874,849.  Of  the  exports,  about  one- 
half  are  sent  to  the  United  Kingdom  and  one-fifth  to  China. 

Great  public  works  have  been  completed  in  India  within 
the  last  few  years.  Among  these  are  the  Ganges,  Jumna, 
Midnapoor,  Agra,  and  Doab  Canals,  the  Godavery,  Kietnah, 
and  Cavery  weirs,  for  irrigation,  and  a  magnificent  system 
of  railways,  in  making  which  the  greatest  engineering  difl5- 
culties  have  been  overcome. 

About  123,000  men  are  employed  in  the  British  military 
•ervioe  of  India,  one-half  of  them  Europeans.  Many  low- 
caste  Hindoos  are  employed  as  coolies  or  laborers  in  various 
tropical  countries. 

In  this  extensive  country  a  great  diversity  of  language 
prevai  Is.  In  Upper  India  the  numerous  and  various  dialects 
are  of  Indo-European  stock,  allied  in  roots  to  the  Sanscrit, 
the  most  important  being  Hindee  and  Bengalee ;  in  South- 
ern India  the  leading  tongues  are  Tamil,  Teloogoo,  and  Ca- 
narese,  all  Dra vidian.  Hindoostanee  is  the  language  of  most 
of  the  Mohammedans,  and  the  lingua  franca  of  the  whole 
peninsula.  Brahmanism  prevails  throughout  India  proper. 
Booddhism  is  the  religion  of  British  Burmah  and  of  some 
of  the  tribes  on  the  slopes  of  the  Himalayas.  Devil-  and 
fetish-worship  prevail  among  the  aboriginal  tribes.  In  the 
Punjab,  which  was  subjected  to  British  rule  in  1849,  the 
inhabitants  are  partly  Sikhs,  or  disciples  of  Nanak,  who 
bear  an  implacable  hatred  to  the  Mohammedans,  who  also 
abound  there.  Of  the  total  population  of  257,000,000,  the 
numbers  assigned  to  the  various  religions  are  about: 
Hindoo,  190,000,000;  Sikhs,  1,800,000;  Mohammedans, 
60,000,000 ;  Booddhists  and  Jains,  4,600,000 ;  Christians, 
1,850,000;  others,  6,000,000;  and  of  unknown  religion, 
100,000.  Since  the  census  was  taken  there  has  been  a 
remarkable  increase  in  the  number  of  native  Christians, 
especially  in  the  southern  districts.  The  aboriginal  races 
of  India  have  no  literature,  and  almost  no  traditions.  The 
Mohammedan  invasion  of  India  began  in  the  eleventh  and 
was  completed  in  the  fifteenth  century;  but  most  of  the 
Mohammedans  now  in  India  spring  from  a  Brahmanical 
stock.  The  Arabs  or  Siddees  of  Central  India  and  the  Con- 
can  came  in  successive  hordes  from  Arabia  and  Africa. 
''he  Parsees,  or  fire-worshippers,  were  refugees  from  the 


religious  persecution  of  Persia.  Though  small  in  number^ 
they  have  in  Bombay  earned  a  distinguished  name  for 
public  munificence,  skill,  and  success  in  commerce;  and 
they  have  led  the  way  in  the  cause  of  female  education. 
The  government  of  India  has  for  some  years  past  been 
devoting  laudable  attention  to  education,  which  was  put  on 
a  new  footing,  with  universities  in  each  of  the  capital  cities, 
in  1854.  English  is  taught  in  all  its  schools,  and  is  highly 
prized  by  the  native  youth  of  India  as  a  means  of  employ- 
ment in  government  and  mercantile  oflSces.  In  the  great 
and  highly  important  literary  records  of  ancient  India  there 
is  a  singular  paucity  of  historical  information. 

Alexander  the  Great  invaded  and  partly  subdued  the 
country.  About  126  B.C.  it  was  again  invaded  by  the  Tar- 
tars. From  the  tenth  to  the  twelfth  centuries  of  the  Chris 
tian  era  the  Mohammedans  overran  and  conquered  consid 
erable  portions  of  India;  and  subsequently  the  Mogul  empire 
was  established.  In  1498  India  was  first  visited  by  Vasco 
da  Gama,  and  subsequently  the  Portuguese,  the  Dutch,  and 
the  Danes  established  settlements  on  the  peninsula ;  but  the 
former  never  acquired  more  than  a  paltry  territory  on  the 
W.  coast,  and  the  two  latter  a  few  commercial  factories. 
The  French  influence  in  India,  at  one  time  considerable, 
also  yielded  to  the  superior  enterprise  of  the  British,  and 
finally  the  French  relinquished  the  field.  In  1625  the  first 
English  settlement  was  made  by  a  company  of  merchants, 
in  a  small  spot  on  the  Coromandel  coast  of  5  square  miles, 
transferred  in  1653  to  Madras.  A  short  time  previously  a 
settlement  had  also  been  obtained  which  afterwards  be- 
came the  Calcutta  station.  In  1687  Bombay  was  erected 
into  a  presidency.  In  1773,  by  an  act  of  the  British  legis- 
lature, the  three  provinces  were  placed  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  a  governor-general,  and  Calcutta  was  made  the 
seat  of  a  supreme  council,  the  presidencies  of  Madras  and 
Bombay  being  made  subordinate  to  that  of  Bengal.  Hith- 
erto the  affairs  of  India  had  been  managed  by  the  Com- 
pany, but  in  1784  a  board  of  control  was  appointed  by 
government,  the  president  of  which  became  secretary  of 
state  for  India  in  1858.  Since  the  year  1750,  when  the 
warlike  acquisition  of  territory  commenced  under  Lord 
Clive,  a  succession  of  conquests,  almost  forced  upon  the 
British  contrary  to  their  inclinations,  have  placed  nearly 
all  of  India  under  their  sway.  The  governor-general, 
assisted  by  an  executive  council  of  five,  and  by  a  legislative 
council,  in  which  the  non-official  and  native  communities 
are  represented,  has  the  power  of  making  laws  for  Britisb> 
India,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  home  government; 
and  he  has  the  sole  direction  of  the  army,  which  is  under 
the  control  of  a  commander-in-chief.  In  May,  1857,  the 
Bengal  native  troops  mutinied,  and  massacred  many  Eu- 
ropeans. In  November,  1858,  a  proclamation  was  issued 
conferring  the  sovereignty  of  India  on  the  British  crown. 
In  June,  1859,  Oude  was  subjugated,  and  order  restored. 
The  Central  Provinces  and  British  Burmah  were  consol- 
idated in  1861-62,  each  under  a  chief  commissioner,  di- 
rectly subject  to  the  governor-general.  In  1876  the  Britisir 
sovereign  assumed  the  title  of  Empress  of  India. 

India,  in'de-a,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  880. 

India,  a  post-office  of  East  Carroll  parish.  La. 

Indian,  in'de-^n,  or  Indiantown,  in'de-an-t5wn,  a 
township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1147. 

Indiana,  in^de-an'a,  a  state  of  the  American  Union, 
extending  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Ohio  River,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Michigan  and  the  state  of  Michigan,  on 
the  E.  by  Ohio,  on  the  S.E.  and  S.  by  Kentucky,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Illinois.  Its  northern  limit  is  the  parallel  of  41" 
46'  N.  lat.  Its  eastern  line  runs  due  N.  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Miami  River ;  the  Ohio  River  separates  it 
from  Kentucky,  and  the  Wabash  from  Illinois,  below  the 
point  where  that  river  first  reaches  the  meridian  of  87°  30' 
W.,  which  meridian  is  the  western  boundary  of  the  state 
from  that  point  northward  to  Lake  Michigan.  Area, 
36,350  square  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  has  generally  a  slight  southern 
slope.  In  the  extreme  N.W.  is  a  sandy  tract,  covered  with 
dunes,  to  the  southward  of  which  occurs  a  flat  region,  con- 
taining much  marsh-land  and  a  number  of  shallow  lakes. 
The  N.E.  abounds  in  little  lakes,  with  much  timber,  inter- 
spersed with  "  oak  openings"  and  prairie-land.  Northward 
from  the  White  and  Wabash  the  country  is  generally  level 
or  gently  rolling,  with  very  little  absolutely  waste  land  ■ 
and  much  of  the  soil  is  exceedingly  fertile.  In  the  S.  and 
S.W.  there  is  much  broken  and  bluffy  land,  especially  near 
the  streams,  where  the  country  is  generally  well  wooded. 
The  timber  of  the  state  is  very  generally  of  the  hard-wood 
kinds.  Oak  forests  abound,  especially  northward.  Ash, 
hickory,  maple,  whitewood,  black  walnut,  and  other  useful 


IND 


1457 


IND 


treea  are  plentiful.  Of  coniferous  trees,  the  N.W.  affords 
pines ;  tamarack  trees  abound  in  many  marshy  regions, 
and  the  cypress  grows  in  the  S.W. 

The  northwestern  and  southeastern  parts  of  the  state  be- 
long to  the  Silurian  system;  and  between  these  areas  that 
system  is  mainly  overlaid  by  Devonian  and  subcarbonifer- 
ous  strata,  and  in  the  limestone  regions  of  the  S.  occur 
Bome  remarkable  and  interesting  caves.  In  the  S.W.  and 
W.  there  are  important  coal-fields.  From  Rome,  on  the 
Ohio,  to  Williamsport  (150  miles),  there  extends  a  strip  of 
coal-land  averaging  3  miles  in  width  and  having  a  general 
N.N.W.  direction.  This  is  the  zone  of  "block  coal,"  a 
valuable  non-caking  or  splint  coal,  highly  prized  for  its 
adaptation  to  the  manufacture  of  steel  and  the  better  grades 
of  iron.  It  is  believed  to  underlie  some  450  square  miles, 
or  288,000  acres,  and  is  easily  mined  in  square  blocks, 
whence  the  name.  This  belt  also  contains  ordinary  coking 
coal  of  good  quality.  Westward  of  this  belt  there  is  another 
coal  region,  of  over  6000  square  miles,  producing  mostly  a 
good  coking  coal.  Near  Brazil,  Clay  co.,  are  the  principal 
points  where  block  coal  is  mined.  Washington,  Daviess 
CO.,  affords  fine  gas  coal ;  and  Cannelton  has  important 
mines  of  cannel  coal.  The  coals  of  Indiana  are  generally 
much  better  than  those  of  the  states  farther  west.  The 
output  of  coal  in  1887  was  considerably  over  3,000,000 
tons,  a  production  greater  than  in  any  previous  year. 
Owing  to  the  discovery  of  natural  gas  in  that  year,  there 
■was  a  decline  in  the  demand  for  coal  until  1890,  when  the 
product  was  again  largely  increased.  The  gas-field  of 
Indiana  is  greater  than  that  of  either  Ohio  or  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  more  than  70  cities  and  towns  are  supplied  with 
this  cheap  fuel.  The  iron-product  has  become  very  con- 
siderable ;  but  the  ores  are  mainly  from  the  Lake  Superior 
region  or  from  Missouri  and  Tennessee.  Bog  ore  and  local 
deposits  of  higher  grades  of  iron  exist,  however,  and  in 
some  places  have  been  wrought.  Other  minerals  are  fire- 
brick and  fictile  clays,  kaolin,  limestone,  and  good  sand- 
stone. Salt  springs  exist,  and  other  springs  yielding  me- 
dicinal waters  are  common  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana. 
Epsom  salts  and  saltpetre  have  been  obtained  from  the 
earth  of  some  of  the  caves. 

In  Agriculture  this  state  takes  a  leading  position,  both 
as  a  grain-producing  and  as  a  stock-raising  state.  The 
cereal  crops,  hay,  live-stock,  provisions,  flour  and  meats, 
potatoes,  tobacco,  dairy-products,  fruit,  timber,  and  other 
forest  products  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 

In  1813  the  Swiss  settlers  of  Vevay  started  wine-culture 
at  that  point,  and,  though  it  did  not  thrive  for  some  time, 
the  manufacture  of  wine  has  now  become  an  established  in- 
dustry. Other  products  of  large  aggregate  value  are  grass- 
and  clover-seeds,  linseed,  maple  sugar,  sorghum  syrup, 
pulse,  sweet  potatoes  (in  the  S.),  honey,  and  wax. 

Manufactures. — We  have  already  noticed  incidentally 
the  manufactures  of  iron,  lumber,  cheese,  Ac.,  all  of  them 
of  importance.  To  these  we  may  add  those  of  flour,  wool- 
lens, machinery,  carriages  and  railway-cars,  castings,  fur- 
niture, starch,  bricks,  saddlery,  cooperage,  beer,  malt,  spirits, 
packed  meats,  and  agricultural  implements. 

The  rivers  naturally  navigable  are  the  Ohio,  the  Wabash, 
and  parts  of  the  White,  Maumee,  and  a  few  other  streams. 
The  Wabash  is  not  now  navigated  above  Lafayette,  although 
slackwater  navigation  once  was  maintained  in  parts  of  its 
upper  course  in  connection  with  the  Wabash  <fc  Erie  Canal, 
which  descended  the  Maumee  to  Toledo,  0.  The  White- 
water Canal  extends  from  Hagerstown  to  Lawrenceburg,  75 
miles,  and  affords  good  water-power  at  the  latter  point.  The 
railroad  system  extends  to  almost  every  part  of  the  state, 
and  has  greatly  limited  the  navigation  of  canals  and  rivers. 
In  1847  the  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad  was  opened. 
In  that  year  there  were  42  miles  of  railroad  in  the  state ; 
in  1850,  228  miles;  in  1855, 1406  miles;  in  1860,  2163  miles; 
in  1865,  2217  miles;  in  1870,  3177  miles;  in  18S0,  4373 miles; 
in  1890,  6106  miles.  The  main  lines  belong  principally  to 
the  E.  and  W.  systems,  and  carry,  besides  the  proper  com- 
merce and  travel  of  the  state,  immense  values  of  freight  to 
and  from  the  states  to  the  westward  and  the  eastward. 

Education. — The  free-school  system  ismaintnined  by  a 
fund  of  nearly  $10,000,000.  There  are  state  and  county 
boards  of  education,  state,  county,  and  city  superintendents, 
township  libraries,  county  and  township  teachers'  insti- 
tutes, graded  schools  in  the  thickly-settled  districts,  high 
schools  in  the  larger  towns,  and,  in  part,  a  separate  school 
system  for  colored  children.  A  uniform  series  of  text  books 
for  the  public  schools  in  Indiana  is  provided  by  the  author- 
ity of  the  state.  The  State  University  at  Blooiuiugton 
receives  the  graduates  of  the  high  schools,  male  and  female, 
and  is  free  to  all.     Purdue  University,  at  Lafayette,  is  the 


state  agricultural  and  mechanical  school,  embracing  schools 
of  natural  science,  engineering,  agriculture,  and  military 
science,  with  five  special  or  post-graduate  professional 
courses.  There  are  in  the  state  a  number  of  denomina^ 
tional  and  private  universities  and  colleges,  and  several 
collegiate  institutions  for  women.  There  are  state  normal 
schools  at  Covington,  Indianapolis,  and  Terre  Haute,  and 
private  normal  schools  at  Angola,  Mitchell,  and  Valparaiso ; 
several  schools  of  law,  medicine,  and  theology,  and  many 
private  schools  of  various  grades.  There  are  at  Indian- 
apolis state  schools  for  the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes ;  re- 
form school  for  girls  and  women  at  Indianapolis,  for  boys 
at  Plainfield ;  state  and  other  hospitals  for  the  insane  and 
other  unfortunates ;  state  prisons  at  Jeffersonville  and 
Michigan  City ;  and  orphanages  and  other  charitable  in- 
stitutions, mostly  private,  in  nearly  all  the  larger  towns. 

The  Counties  are  92  in  number,  to  wit :  Adams,  Allen, 
Bartholomew,  Benton,  Blackford,  Boone,  Brown,  Carroll, 
Cass,  Clarke,  Clay,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Daviess,  Dearborn, 
Decatur,  De  Kalb,  Delaware,  Dubois,  Elkhart,  Fayette, 
Floyd,  Fountain,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gibson,  Grant,  Greene, 
Hamilton,  Hancock,  Harrison,  Hendricks,  Henry,  Howard, 
Huntington,  Jackson,  Jasper,  Jay,  Jefferson,  Jennings, 
Johnson,  Knox,  Kosciusko,  La  Grange,  Lake,  La  Porte, 
Lawrence,  Madison,  Marion,  Marshall,  Martin,  Miami, 
Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan,  Newton,  Noble,  Ohio,  Orange, 
Owen,  Parke,  Perry,  Pike,  Porter,  Posey,  Pulaski,  Putnam, 
Randolph,  Ripley,  Rush,  Scott,  Shelby,  Spencer,  Starke, 
Steuben,  St.  Joseph,  Sullivan,  Switzerland,  Tippecanoe, 
Tipton,  Union,  Vanderburg,  Vermilion,  Vigo,  Wabash, 
Warren,  Warrick,  Washington,  Wayne,  Wells,  White,  and 
Whitley. 

Cities  and  Towns. — Of  these,  the  principal  are  Indian- 
apolis, the  capital,  a  great  railroad  and  manufacturing 
centre  (pop.  in  1880,75,056;  in  1890,  105,436);  Evans- 
ville,  on  the  Ohio,  the  commercial  centre  of  the  S.W.  (pop. 
in  1890,  50,756);  Fort  Wayne,  on  the  Maumee,  the  empo- 
rium of  the  N.E.  (35,393) ;  Terre  Haute,  on  the  Wabash, 
an  active  commercial  and  educational  centre  (30,217) ; 
South  Bend,  on  St.  Joseph's  River,  a  manufacturing  and 
commercial  town  (21,819)  ;  New  Albany,  noted  for  its  iron, 
woollen,  and  glass  manufactures  (21,059);  Richmond,  a 
railroad  centre  with  valuable  water-power  and  varied  manu- 
factures (16,608) ;  Lafayette,  with  an  extensive  grnin  trade 
(16,243);  Logansport,  a  manufacturing  town  (13,328); 
Elkhart  (11,360) ;  Muncie  (11,345) ;  Michigan  City  (10,776) ; 
Anderson  (10,741);  Jeffersonville  (10,666).  There  are 
altogether  .37  cities  having  a  population  of  more  than  4000 
each.  Several  new  and  promising  towns,  such  as  Knigbts- 
ville,  Brazil,  Ac,  have  sprung  up  with  the  growth  of  iron- 
manufacture  and  the  mining  of  block  coal. 

Finances. — The  state  debt  of  Indiana  was  in  1890 
$8,540,615.12.  Since  1887  the  annual  expenditures  have 
exceeded  the  revenue  by  about  $500,000.  The  county  debts 
have  largely  increased  since  1880,  and  in  1890  but  18 
counties  were  out  of  debt.  A  large  portion  of  the  original 
debt  contracted  years  ago  was  taken  up  by  the  state  and 
converted  into  non-negotiable  school-fund  bonds. 

Constitution,  Laws,  &c. — The  first  constitution  of  the  state 
was  adopted  in  1816  ;  that  now  in  force  was  framed  in  1851, 
and  has  since  been  somewhat  modified.  The  governor  is 
chosen  for  a  term  of  four  years,  most  of  the  other  important 
executive  oflBcers  for  two  years.  The  legislature  meets  every 
two  years.  The  50  senators  are  chosen  for  terms  of  four 
years,  and  the  100  representatives  for  terms  of  two  years. 
The  judicial  oflBcers  are  elected  by  the  people  for  limited 
terms  of  service.  Thirteen  representatives  are  sent  by  the 
state  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

History. — Permanent  but  not  extensive  settlements  were 
made  by  the  French  at  Corydon,  and  at  Vincennes  in  1702. 
In  1763  the  country  came  under  British  sway,  and  in  1783 
was  organized  as  the  Northwest  Territory,  which  included 
all  the  United  States  territories  N.  of  the  Ohio.  From  1788 
to  1791  a  harassing  Indian  war  was  waged.  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory was  organized  in  1800;  and  at  one  time  its  limits 
included  the  present  states  of  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  parts  of  Minnesota  and  of  Ohio.  Michigan,  as  a 
territory,  was  set  off  in  1805,  but  did  not  have  all  its  pres- 
ent area.  Illinois  Territory  was  detached  in  1809,  but  In- 
diana did  not  receive  its  present  limits  until  1816,  when 
it  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state ;  while  there  was 
even  then  a  remainder  of  the  former  Indiana  Territory  left 
undisposed  of  in  the  Lake  Superior  country,  but  in  1818 
this  was  transferred  to  Michigan.  Meanwhile  the  Indian 
troubles  had  culminated  in  the  Shawnee  war  and  the  defeat 
of  Tecumseh  at  Tippecanoe  (1811).  The  British  war  of 
1812-15,  the  expulsion  of  the  Indians,  the  admission  of  In- 


IND 


1458 


IND 


diana  tx)  the  Union  (1816),  and  the  depression  of  industrial 
and  commercial  pursuits  in  the  East  were  followed  by  a 
large  immigration  to  this  new  and  beautiful  region,  and  by 
a  period  of  great  prosperity,  which  ultimately  was  over- 
stimulated  into  an  unhealthy  fever  of  speculation  common 
to  all  the  West,  and  the  collapse  of  an  artificial  and  com- 
plicated financial  system  was  precipitated  in  1837  by  the 
changes  which  had  taken  place  in  the  financial  policy  of 
the  general  government.  The  crash  that  followed  and  in- 
volved so  many  thousands  in  distress  was  ultimately  a  ben- 
efit to  the  state,  by  destroying  the  factitious  and  illusory 
values  that  then  prevailed ;  and  in  1848  the  state  by  a  for- 
tunate turn  of  affairs  was  enabled  to  oast  off  half  her  large 
debt  unpaid,  yet  without  repudiating  a  dollar.  The  record 
of  Indiana  in  the  war  of  1861-65  was  highly  honorable, 
and  she  bore  her  part  without  incurring  the  heavy  war  debts 
that  have  so  weighed  upon  many  other  states. 

The  population  in  1800  was  5641,  of  which  4875  were 
within  the  present  state  limits;  in  1810,  24,520,  chiefly  in 
the  present  limits;  in  1816,  60,074;  in  1820,  147,178;  in 
1825,  224,717 ;  in  1830,  343,031 ;  in  1835,  485,053 ;  in  1840, 
685,866;  in  1845,  823,410;  in  1850,  988,416;  in  1854, 
1,143,905;  in  1860,  1,350,428;  in  1866,  1,631,080;  in 
1870,  1,680,637;  in  1880,  1,978,301;  in  1890,  2,192,404. 

Indiana,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Conemaugh  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Mahoning,  Black  Lick,  and  Two  Lick  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage,  Oats,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  butter,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore, 
also  salt  springs.  The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  passes  along 
the  S.  border  of  this  county,  and  a  branch  of  that  road  ter- 
minates at  Indiana,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
36,138  ;  in  1880,  40,527 ;  in  1890,  42,176. 

Indiana,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Indiana  co..  Pa., 
42  miles  direct  and  86  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  contains  a  state  normal 
school  which  cost  about  $175,000,  8  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  6  newspaper  oflBces,  lumber-mills,  flour- 
mills,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1963. 

Indianapolis,  in-de-an-ap'9-li8,  a  city,  the  capital  of 
Indiana,  and  of  Marion  co.,  is  on  the  West  Fork  of  White 
River,  109  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  195  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Chicago.  Lat.  39°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  5'  W.  It  is  within 
35  miles  of  the  exact  centre  of  population  of  the  United 
States.  The  site  is  nearly  level,  and  covers  an  area  of  25 
square  miles.  The  streets  generally  cross  one  another  at 
right  angles,  except  four  wide  diagonal  avenues,  which 
converge  at  the  business  centre  of  the  city.  Many  of  the 
streets  are  about  100  feet  wide.  This  city  contains  a  fine 
court-house,  the  state  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  a 
hospital  for  the  insane,  the  Indiana  blind  institute,  124 
churches,  a  state  library,  a  public  library,  a  masonic  hall, 
an  art  school,  3  medical  colleges,  a  city  hospital,  6  national 
banks,  and  a  private  bank.  A  new  capitol  building  has 
been  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000.  '  Among  the  notable 
public  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  Commercial  Club, 
the  Propylaeum,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  an  academy 
of  music.  Eight  daily  and  28  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Indianapolis  is  the  most  populous  city  of  the 
state.  It  was  selected  as  the  seat  of  government  in  1820, 
the  site  being  then  covered  with  a  dense  forest.  The  city 
is  the  terminus  of  16  railroads  running  in  all  directions, 
traversing  localities  unsurpassed  in  agricultural  and  min- 
eral resources,  and  furnishing  the  best  facilities  for  bring- 
ing the  country  products  to  the  city  and  for  distributing 
the  city  manufactures  through  the  country.  It  is  near  the 
centre  of  the  agricultural  productive  region  of  the  West, 
and  is  thus  the  natural  market  for  an  extensive  area.  It 
is  a  great  industrial  centre,  and  has  about  1000  manufac- 
tories employing  more  than  25,000  people,  with  an  annual 
output  of  $60,000,000  worth  of  products.  Among  the  lead- 
ing industries  of  the  city  are  5  agricultural-implement  fac- 
tories, 4  architectural-iron-works,  2  belting-factories,  car- 
works,  38  carriage-  and  wagon-factories,  2  canned-goods 
factories,  a  chemical-factory,  3  electric-light-machinery 
factories,  24  foundries,  engine-  and  boiler-works,  2  fertil- 
izer-factories, 2  flour-mill-machinery-works,  7  flour-mills, 
2  railroad-frog-  and  switch-works,  40  furniture-factories, 
21  bmlders'-materials  mills,  malleable-iron-works,  13  me- 
dicinal laboratories,  6  natural-gas-supply  factories,  3  pork- 
packing  establishments,  11  pump-works,  5  railroad-shops, 
a  stove-foundry,  starch-works,  5  stave-  and  heading-fac- 
tories, 4  breweries,  2  woollen-mills,  Ac.  The  city  leads  in 
the  manufacture  of  mill-machinery,  artistic  tiling,  terra- 


cotta, malleable  iron,  lounges,  builders'  materials,  Ac.  'the 
receiving-yards  for  live-stock  cover  105  aeres,  and  the 
stock-sheds  12  acres ;  the  amount  of  business  done  thereat 
amounts  to  $26,')00,000  a  year.  The  city  has  an  excellent 
fire  department  and  a  complete  fire-alarm  telegraph.  The 
water  supply  is  ample,  and  is  procured  by  the  Holly  system. 
The  different  points  of  the  city  are  connected  by  electric- 
and  horse-cars.  Owing  to  its  central  location  and  railroad 
facilities,  it  is  a  favorite  meeting-place  for  organized  bodies, 
and  is  widely  known  as  the  "  Convention  City."  Pop.  in 
1850,  8090;  in  1860,  18,611;  in  1870,  48,244;  in  1880, 
75,056 ;  in  1890,  105,436. 

Indianapolis,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
about  28  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  3  churches. 

Indian  Archipelago.     See  Malay  Arcbipelaoo. 

Indian  Arm,  a  hamlet  and  harbor  in  the  district  of 
Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  63  miles  from  Cntalina.    P.  220. 

Indian  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Ark.,  near 
White  River.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Indian  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky., 
about  136  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  oharch. 

Indian  Camp,  a  post-offloe  of  Upshur  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Indian  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  oo.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  has  » 
church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Indian  Caucasus,  Asia.    See  Hindoo-Eoosh. 

Indian  Cove,  a  post- village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  E.  of  Levis.  It  contains  a  num- 
ber of  stores.    Pop.  350. 

Indian  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Tuba  co.,  towards 
the  N.  part  of  California,  falls  into  Dry  Creek  about  22  miles 
from  its  junction  with  Tuba  River.  Gold  is  found  along 
this  stream. 

Indian  (or  Big  Indian)  Creek,  Illinois,  drains  part 
of  De  Ealb  co.,  runs  southward  in  La  Salle  co.,  and  enters 
Fox  River  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa. 

Indian  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Morgan  co.,  runs  in  a 
W.N.W,  direction,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  in  the  W. 
part  of  Cass  co. 

Indian  Creek,  Indiana,  drains  part  of  Floyd  oo.,  nins 
southwestward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  about  S  miles  above  Leavenworth. 

Indian  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  in 
Martin  co.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Dover  Hill. 

Indian  Creek,  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  falls  into  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River  a  few  miles  below  Martinsville. 

Indian  Creek,  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the 
Ohio  near  Vevay. 

Indian  Creek,  of  Tishemingo  oo.,  Miss.,  enters  the 
Tennessee  River  near  Eastport. 

Indian  Creek,  Missouri,  enters  the  Maramec  from  the 
right,  in  Franklin  co. 

Indian  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Wayne  co.,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  in  the  N 
part  of  Hardin  co, 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  oo..  Ark. 

Indian  Creek,  a  village  of  Trinity  oo.,  CaL  Pop,  18b , 
of  Indian  Creek  township,  783, 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ill,,  on  the  Illi- 
nois River.     Pop.  433. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  White  oo,,  111,  Pop. 
2010.     It  contains  Gossett,  Norns  City,  and  Sacramento, 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1348.     It  contains  Fayetteville  and  Silverville. 

Indian  Creek,  township,  Monroe  co.,  Ind,     Pop.  988. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
812.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  contains 
Pulaski. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
505,  exclusive  of  Emerson  and  Hastings. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1022.     It  contains  Iowa  Centre. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  180. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas, 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  about 
28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.  Pop.  of  Indian  Creek  town- 
ship, 654. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Pike  oo..  Mo.     P.  1103. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Indian  Creek,  a  station  in  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E 
of  Pittsburg. 


IND 


1459 


IND 


Indian  Creek,  a  post-o£Sce  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Tex.,  125 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Creek,  Monroe  eo.,  W.  Va.   See  Centreville. 

Indian  Desert,  India.    See  Thurr. 

Indian  Draft,  a  post-oflSce  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Tonawanda  Creek,  about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  a  cas- 
cade 30  feet  high. 

Indian  Fields,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Clark  co.,  Ky. 

Indian  Fields,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1006.     It  contains  Caro. 

Indian  Fields,  a  post- village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Coeymans  township,  about  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Indian  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  in 
Fulton  township,  on  Rock  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Edgerton, 
and  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Indian  Grove,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.  Pop. 
2635.     It  contains  Fairbury. 

Indian  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  7 
miles  from  Dalton.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Indian  Gulch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal., 
about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Indian  Har'bor,  a  small  fishing-settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Burgeo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  34  miles  from 
Burgeo. 

Indian  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Sherbrooke.    P.  250. 

Indian  Harbor,  post- village,  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  St.  Margaret's  Bay,  28  miles  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  250. 

Indian  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Connellsville.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Indian  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Indian  Hill,  township,  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1920. 

Indian  Island,  a  post-village  and  warehousing  port  in 
Charlotte  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  an  island  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  opposite  Eastport,  Me.,  and  14  miles  from  St.  An- 
drews.    Pop.  75. 

Indian  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  14  miles  from  Fogo. 
They  are  inhabited  by  fishermen.     Pop.  210. 

Indian  Kentucky  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Rip- 
ley CO.,  and  flows  into  the  Ohio  8  miles  above  Madison. 

Indian  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  E.  part  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  and  is  about  7  miles  long.  Its  surplus  water  flows 
through  a  short  outlet  into  the  Hudson  River. 

Indian  Lake,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.  P.  161. 

Indian  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  shore  of  Indian 
Lake,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Whitehall.  The  township 
includes  Eckford  and  other  lakes,  and  is  a  wild  mountainous 
forest.  It  has  3  large  hotels  for  sportsmen  and  tourists. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  425. 

Indian  Land,  township,  Lancaster  oo.,  S.C.   Pop.  969. 

Indian  Lorette,  Canada.    See  Ancienne  Lorette. 

Indian  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J. 

Indian  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va. 

Indian  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Neck,  a  post-office  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Ocean  (ane.  Ma're  In'dicum  or  In'dicus  Oee'- 
anus ;  Ger.  Indischea  Meer,  in'dish-§s  maiR ;  Fr.  Mer  dee 
Indes,  maiR  diz  4Nd,  i.e.,  "  Sea  of  the  Indies"),  a  vast  sea, 
separated  from  the  Pacific  on  the  E.  by  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago and  Australia,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  a  line  drawn 
from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Bass's  Strait,  divided  from 
the  Atlantic  by  Africa  on  the  W.,  and  enclosed  by  the  coun- 
tries of  Asia  on  the  N.,  extending  from  about  lat.  25°  N., 
in  the  Gulf  of  Arabia,  a  little  beyond  the  Tropic  of  Can- 
cer, to  the  Antarctic  Circle,  and  from  Ion.  19°  56'  30"  to 
146°  38'  E.  Its  extent  from  N.  to  S.  somewhat  exceeds 
3500  miles,  and  its  breadth  varies  from  6000  miles,  between 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  South  Cape  in  Tasmania, 
to  4000  miles  between  the  coast  of  Arabia  and  that  of 
Malacca  and  Sumatra.  Its  N.  shores  are  rendered  singu- 
larly irregular  by  the  projection  of  three  vast  peninsulas, 
Arabia,  India,  and  Indo-China,  which  are  respectively 
separated  by  the  Persian  Gulf,  Arabian  Sea,  and  Bay  of 
Bengal.  It  communicates  with  the  China  Sea  by  the  Strait 
of  Malacca,  Sunda  Strait,  and  the  Strait  of  Flores.  The 
other  principal  inlets  are  the  Mozambique  Channel,  Red 
Sea,  Gulfs  of  Cutch  and  Cambay,  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  Palk's 
Strait,  the  Straits  of  Bali,  Lombok,  and  Ombay,  *.he  Sea  of 


Timor,  and  Bass's  Strait.  The  most  important  islands  are 
Madagascar,  Mauritius,  Reunion,  the  Comoro  Islands,  the 
Seychelles,  Socotra,  the  Laccadives,  Maldives,  Chagos,  Cey- 
lon, and  the  Andaman  and  Nicobar  Islands.  Its  main  afilu- 
ents  are — in  Asia,  the  Salwin,  Irrawaddy,  Brahmapootra, 
Ganges,  Godavery,  Kistnah,  Nerbudda,  Indus,  and  the  Shat- 
el-Arab,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates ; 
and  in  Africa,  the  Zambezi.  The  monsoons,  or  periodical 
winds,  prevail  in  the  N.  part,  blowing  from  the  S.W.  between 
April  and  October,  and  from  the  S.E.  between  October  and 
April.  Tempests  are  general  at  the  periods  of  change;  and 
between  lat.  5°  and  40°  S.  violent  hurricanes  frequently  occur. 

In  the  S.  part  of  the  Indian  Ocean  the  equatorial  current, 
connecting  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic,  flows  from  E.  to  W.  at 
a  rate  varying  with  the  seasons;  but  N.  of  Madagascar, 
where  its  breadth  greatly  diminishes,  it  runs  from  45  miles 
to  60  miles  in  24  hours.  A  S.W.  current  also  flows  along 
the  African  coast  towards  the  Mozambique  Channel,  its 
velocity  ranging  between  18  miles  and  28  miles  a  day,  but 
attaining  more  than  double  that  rate  near  Delagoa  Bay  and 
Cape  Corrientes.  It  finally  joins  the  Cape  current  near 
Cape  Padron.  On  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia  the  current 
divides  near  Cape  Leeuwin,  in  lat.  34°  22'  S.,  into  two 
streams,  one  of  which  flows  N.,  and  the  other  E.,  with  an 
average  speed  of  about  20  miles  each  day,  thus  embracing 
the  whole  coast  of  Australia.  The  maximum  heat  of  the 
water  occurs  in  the  Arabian  Sea,  in  lat.  9°  55'  N.  and  Ion. 
59°  52'  E.,  where  it  reaches  87.5°  Fahr. 

In^diano'la,  or  Chil^icoth'e,  a  post- village  of  Ver- 
milion CO.,  HI.,  in  Carroll  township,  on  the  Little  Vermilion 
River,  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Danville.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Indianola.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  472. 

Indianola,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa, 

1  mile  N.  of  the  South  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  about  25  miles  E.  of  Winterset.  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  public  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 

2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  tiles,  and 
earthenware.  Here  is  the  Simpson  Centenary  College 
(Methodist),  organized  in  1867.     Pop.  in  1890,  2254. 

Indianola,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi,  the  capital  of 
Sunflower  co.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Greenville  division  of  the 
Southern  Railway,  25  miles  E.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  800. 

Indianola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Red  Willow  oo., 
Neb.,  is  on  the  Republican  River,  22  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Gulbertson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  Jaank,  a  flour-mill,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  579. 

Indianola,  a  former  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Texas, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  Matagorda  Bay,  was  destroyed  by  suc- 
cessive cyclones  in  1885  and  1886.  Its  site  is  occupied  by 
Port  Lavaca. 

Indian  Or'chard,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  and  on  the  Athol,  Spring- 
field A  Northeastern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield 
proper,  of  which  it  now  forms  a  part.  It  has  3  churches, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
yarn,  valves,  hydrants,  Ac.     Pop.  2478. 

Indian  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  in  Indian 
Point  township,  near  Abingdon.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1496. 

Indian  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Menard  co.,  111.,  about  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Petersburg,  and  near  Athens. 

Indian  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Mahone  Bay,  11  miles  N.  of  Lu- 
nenburg.    Pop.  250. 

Indian  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111. 
Pop.  1727.     It  contains  Johnsonville. 

Indian  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  oo.,  Tenn. 

Indian  River,  of  Sussex  oo.,  Del.,  flows  eastward  into 
the  Atlantic. 

Indian  River,  a  navigable  tidal  inlet  of  Florida,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  peninsula,  flows  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast 
in  Brevard  and  Volusia  cos.  Length,  about  100  miles. 
The  breadth  is  very  unequal ;  in  some  parts  it  expands  into 
extensive  lakes  or  lagoons.  It  communicates  by  canal  with 
Halifax  River,  and  by  Indian  River  Inlet  with  the  sea,  and 
is  continuous  southward  with  St.  Lucie  Sound. 

Indian  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Lewis  co.,  runs 
westward  and  northward  through  Jefferson  co.,  and  enters 
Black  Lake  in  St.  Lawrence  co. 

Indian  River,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.  Pop. 
1667.  It  contains  Rehoboth  Bay,  and  is  bounded  S.  by  Indian 
River. 

Indian  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Maohias. 
It  has  2  churches. 


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Indian  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  In- 
lian  River,  30  miles  E.  of  Watertown.    It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Indian  River,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co., 
■  Ontario,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Peterborough. 

Indian  River,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  10  miles  from  Summerside. 

Indian  Rock,  a  post-oflBce  of  Franklin  co.,  Me. 

Indian  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  200  miles  above  Richmond,  and  7  miles 
from  the  Natural  Bridge.    It  has  lime-kilns  and  a  church. 

Indian  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Sharon,  and  2  miles  from  Leesburg  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  about 
50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  important  saline  sulphur  springs. 

Indian  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Martin  co.,  Ind., 
in  Mitchelltree  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Shoals  Station. 
Here  are  chalybeate  and  sulphur  springs,  containing  sul- 
phates and  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda. 

Indian  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  87  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Indian  Stream,  New  Hampshire,  is  one  of  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Connecticut  River.  It  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Coos  CO.,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  until  it  unites 
with  the  East  Branch. 

Indian  Ter'ritory,  an  unorganized  tract  of  land 
within  the  limits  of  the  United  States,  and  set  apart  by 
the  general  government  as  an  abode  for  tribal  Indians. 
Its  original  limits  were  very  much  larger  than  at  present. 
As  now  constituted,  it  is  bounded  N.  by  Kansas,  E.  by 
Missouri  and  Arkansas,  S.  by  Texas,  and  W.  by  Oklahoma. 
Area,  31,400  square  miles. 

Face  of  'the  Country. — The  general  slope  of  the  land  is 
towards  the  S.E.  to  the  lower  valley  of  the  Red  River.  Be- 
tween the  Red  and  Canadian  Rivers  are  several  groups 
of  bills,  such  as  the  Shawnee  and  the  Sans  Bois,  which  are 
continuations  of  the  Ozark  Mountains  from  Arkansas. 
The  rivers  have  broad  and  fertile  bottom-lands  which  are 
separated  from  the  rolling  upland  prairies  by  bluffs  more 
or  less  abrupt.  The  valleys  and  southern  prairies  are 
especially  rich  and  productive  and  well  adapted  for  crops 
of  cereals. 

Rivers. — Indian  Territory  is  well  watered.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Arkansas,  which,  with  the  Canadian 
River  and  other  tributaries,  drains  the  northern  portion, 
and  the  Red  River,  which,  with  numerous  afSuents,  drains 
the  southern  section  and  forms  the  southern  boundary. 

The  Climate  is  generally  mild  and  healthful.  The  sum- 
mers are  hot,  but  there  is  an  ample  rainfall  and  not  the 
liability  to  droughts  which  characterizes  some  of  the 
neighboring  sections. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Excepting  a  limited  area  of  azoic 
rock-formation  in  the  Cherokee  and  Creek  country,  the 
oldest  geological  strata  are  of  carboniferous  age.  These 
strata  are  known  to  contain  good  coal,  largely  of  a  semi- 
bituminous  character,  and  the  indications  are  that  the 
amount  of  coal  here  is  large.  The  strata  are  reported  to 
have  a  northwestern  dip,  and  to  be  overlaid  to  the  west- 
ward by  Permian  and  triassic  layers;  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  coal  extends  westward  beneath  these  strata.  Coal 
has  been  mined  extensively  for  twenty  years,  and  the  mines 
have  aflTorded  employment  to  thousands  of  white  laborers. 
There  is  an  abundance  of  iron,  copper,  lead,  zinc,  asphaltum, 
petroleum,  natural  gas,  marble,  and  various  building-stones. 
Gold  and  silver  have  also  been  discovered.  There  is,  how- 
ever, but  little  accurate  knowledge  of  the  geology. 

Vegetation  and  Animals. — There  are  extensive  wooded 
districts  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  territory.  A  belt 
of  forest  known  as  the  "Cross-Timbers,"  from  5  to  60  miles 
wide,  extends  along  the  border  of  the  carboniferous  forma- 
tion in  the  western  part  of  the  territory.  A  large  lumber 
industry  has  grown  up  in  the  S.E.,  conducted  by  corpora- 
tions operating  under  tribal  charters  and  the  permission  of 
the  federal  government.  The  native  wild  animals  have 
very  generally  disappeared,  but  some  bears  and  other  fur- 
bearing  animals,  wild  turkeys,  and  several  varieties  of 
grouse  are  found.  Many  portions  of  the  territory,  especi- 
ally the  rocky  regions  in  the  Cherokee  and  Creek  nations, 
are  well  adapted  for  grazing.  Large  areas  of  ground  have 
been  leased  for  the  pasturage  of  Texas  cattle. 

History,  Civilization,  <fcc.— This  region  was  purchased 
with  the  Louisiana  district  from  France  in  1803  (except  a 
portion  acquired  with  Texas  in  1845),  was  selected  in  1832 
as  the  abode  of  the  southern  Indians  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, who  were  to  be  removed  by  the  United  States  govern- 
ment from  their  ancient  hunting-grounds,  and  set  apart  for 


that  purpose  by  Congress  in  1834.  At  that  time  it  was  the 
only  unorganized  portion  of  the  great  territory  acquired 
from  France,  and  it  was  not  deemed  probable  that  civiliza- 
tion would  extend  far  beyond  the  Mississippi,  as  the  meagre 
reports  which  then  came  from  the  vast  western  portion  of 
the  country  were  not  of  a  character  to  encourage  immigra- 
tion. Besides  its  present  limits,  the  territory  thus  set  apart 
included  the  greater  part  of  what  is  now  the  territory  of 
Oklahoma,  and  also  portions  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska. 
Between  the  years  1833  and  1838  the  Cherokees,  Choctaws, 
Creeks,  and  Chickasaws  were  removed  hither,  and  they 
were  followed  by  the  Seminoles  in  1846.  Together  they 
constitute  what  are  now  known  as  the  "  five  civilized  tribes." 
The  government  covenanted  to  maintain  the  exclusive  title 
of  the  land  to  the  Indians  and  to  protect  them  from  the 
westward  tide  of  white  civilization.  In  1850  the  area  of 
this  grant  was  stated  to  be  over  195,000  square  miles,  bat 
by  subsequent  treaties  the  Indians  ceded  back  to  the  United 
States  the  region  lying  N.  of  the  37th  parallel.  In  186ft 
the  western  portion  of  their  domain  was  ceded  to  the  govern- 
ment in  consideration  of  the  payment  of  a  fixed  valuation 
for  the  land  thus  released.  The  treaty  stipulated  that  this 
region  was  to  be  used  by  the  government  for  the  settlement 
of  other  Indian  tribes  or  freedmen,  but  was  not  to  be  open 
to  white  settlers.  This  region  was  known  as  the  Oklahoma 
district,  and  the  Sacs,  Foxes,  and  Pottawatomies  were 
settled  here  in  1867,  the  lowas  and  Kickapoos  in  1883,  the 
Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes  in  1869,  and  at  various  other 
times,  both  on  this  land  and  among  the  civilized  tribes 
themselves,  reservations  were  established  for  remnants  and 
parts  of  other  tribes.  By  further  payment  to  the  Creeks 
and  Seminoles  in  1889,  and  to  the  Cherokees  in  1893,  the 
government  obtained  a  removal  of  the  clause  in  the  treaties 
prohibiting  white  immigration,  and  was  thus  enabled  to 
throw  open  and  organize  Oklahoma  Territory.  Under  the 
treaties  the  Indians  were  looked  upon  as  wards  of  the  United 
States  government.  The  lands  allotted  to  each  tribe  were 
held  in  common,  and  each  nation  regulated  its  internal 
aflfairs  according  to  its  own  code  of  primitive  laws.  The 
civilized  tribes  were  slave-holders,  and  during  the  war  of 
1861-65  took  sides  with  the  Southern  Confederacy,  and  for 
a  time  were  considered  to  have  forfeited  their  lanils.  By 
the  treaties  of  1866  amnesty  was  granted,  and  the  liberated 
slaves  were  given  certain  landed  rights.  Among  the  Creeks 
and  Seminoles  the  amalgamation  with  the  African  race  has 
been  so  great  that  the  characteristics  of  the  latter  are  pre- 
dominant. The  white  population,  at  first  small,  has  of  late 
years  increased  so  rapidly  that  it  now  numbers  more  than 
150,000,  or  nearly  three  times  that  of  the  Indians.  A  gen- 
eral, though  erroneous,  opinion  prevails  that  these  whites 
are  usurpers  and  intruders.  Most  of  them  are  tenants  pay- 
ing rental  to  landlords  for  the  land  which  owes  its  improve- 
ment and  development  entirely  to  the  labor  of  these  white 
aliens.  All  persons  not  citizens  are  taxed  for  the  privilege 
of  residence.  This  revenue  forms  the  support  of  the  tribal 
governments.  Intermarrying  of  the  white  and  Indian 
races  has  been  encouraged  by  the  five  nations,  and  there 
are  to-day  but  few  full-blooded  Indians  remaining.  In  na 
other  way  than  by  marriage  has  the  white  man  been  able 
to  acquire  the  rights  of  citizenship.  These  "  squaw-men," 
or  "professional  Indians,"  have  by  this  means  and  a 
strained  interpretation  of  the  treaties  become  great  landed 
proprietors.  While  the  few  Indians  of  pure  blood  still 
technically  act  as  legislators,  the  whites  who  have  become 
eitizens  or  their  half-breed  descendants  really  control  *'  the 
afiTairs  of  the  nations"  and  receive  the  benefit  of  the  reve- 
nues. With  the  mixture  of  Indian  and  federal  jurispru- 
dence which  exists  there  is  much  lawlessness,  and  the  con- 
ditions of  life  are  quite  at  variance  with  the  original 
intentions  of  the  federal  government.  There  is  a  growing 
local  sentiment  in  favor  of  holding  lands  in  severalty,  of 
abolishing  tribal  relations,  and  of  acquiring  United  States 
citizenship  and  the  rights  of  statehood.  In  the  summer  of 
1893  a  committee  appointed  by  the  President  visited  the 
five  nations  for  the  purpose  of  treating  with  those  in  au- 
thority for  the  accomplishment  of  these  ends. 

Education. — The  more  civilized  tribes  have  their  own 
school  laws,  and  considerable  advance  has  been  made  in 
education.  There  are  a  large  number  of  day-schools,  and 
several  boarding-,  industrial-,  and  manual-labor-schools. 
Most  of  the  Indians  preserve  the  use  of  their  old  languages, 
and  the  Cherokees  have  a  remarkable  syllabic  alphabet  of 
85  characters,  invented  in  1826  by  George  Guess,  or  Se- 
quoyah, a  man  of  their  own  nation. 

Population  and  Towns. — The  total  population,  according 
to  the  census  of  1890,  is  186,490,  made  up  as  follows  :  In- 
dians of  the  five  civilized  tribes,  52,065 ;  colored  citizens 


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and  claimants,  14,224;  Indiansof  other  tribes,  8708  ;  colored 

¥  arsons  not  citizens,  3500;    whites,  107,987;    Chinese,  6. 
he  principal  towns  are  Tahlequah  (the  Cherokee  capital), 
Vinita,  Lehigh,  MacAllister,  Ardmore,  and  Purcell. 

In'diantown,  a  post-town  in  St.  John  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, at  the  outlet  of  the  river  St.  John  into  the  harbor  of 
St.  John,  2  miles  from  the  city,  of  which  it  may  be  con- 
•idered  a  suburb.  It  contains  several  large  mills  and  fac- 
tories, and  is  the  landing-place  of  the  river-steamers,  which 
eannot  reach  the  city  proper  except  at  times  when  the 
waters  of  the  harbor  and  river  are  on  a  level,  and  this  can 
only  be  effected  for  a  period  of  15  or  20  minutes,  during 
the  time  of  high  tide.  A  handsome  suspension-bridge  spans 
the  river  at  this  place.  Pop.  2500.  Street-cars  run  between 
Indiantown  and  St.  John. 

Indian  Township,  a  township  of  Washington  co., 
Me.,  bounded  S.  by  Big  Lake.     Pop.  14. 

Indian  Trail,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Indian  Val'Iey,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Indian  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Indian  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Vil'lage,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles 
from  Cromwell  Station,  and  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Village,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1059,  exclusive  of  Montour.     It  contains  Butlerville. 

Indian  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  parish, 
La.,  17  miles  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
saw-mill.    See  also  Pearl  Rjver. 

Indian  Wells,  a  station  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  129  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Indian  Wheel'ing  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  through 
Belmont  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  opposite  Wheeling. 

India  (in'd§-a)  Point,  a  station  in  Providence,  R.I., 
is  the  terminus  of  branches  of  the  Boston  &  Providence  and 
Providence  &  Worcester  Railroads,  which  here  connect  with 
the  Providence,  Warren  <fc  Bristol  Railroad.  It  is  on  the 
Providence  River,  and  has  a  heavy  trade  in  coal,  cotton,  and 
other  merchandise.  Here  a  railroad  bridge  and  another 
oridge  cross  the  Seekonk  or  Blackstone  River,  connecting 
Providence  with  Watchemoket  and  East  Providence. 

Indicus  Oceanus,  or  Indicum  Mare.  See  In- 
dian Ocean. 

Indie,  in'dee,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  3459. 

Indies,  East.     See  East  Indies,  and  India. 

Indies,  West.     See  West  Indies. 

Indighirka,  or  Indigirka,  in^de-ghlR'kl  or  inMe- 
ghir'ka,  or  Zapadnaia-Kolima,  z&-p&d-ni'&-ko-Iee'- 
mi,  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  government  of  Yakootsk,  rises 
in  the  Yablonoi  Mountains,  and,  after  a  N.  course  esti- 
mated at  750  miles,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  in  lat.  71°  N., 
Ion.  150°  E.,  by  an  estuary  containing  numerous  islands. 
It  receives  many  affluents,  but  the  region  it  traverses  is 
almost  wholly  a  frozen  desert,  with  a  few  villages. 

Indio,  een'de-o,  a  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  in 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  unites  with  the  Pacora  to 
form  a  considerable  stream,  which  enters  the  Pacific  E.  of 
Panama.     Its  shores  abound  with  fine  timber. 

Indje-Kaia-Soo,  in'jee-k4'r4-soo  (anc.  Haliae'mon), 
a  river  of  European  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Salonica  18  miles  S.W.  of  Salonica.     Length,  110  miles. 

Indjighiz,  Ingighiz,  or  Iiyighis,  in-je-ghiz'  or 
in-je-gheez',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  33 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Constantinople.  It  has  some  mineral 
baths,  and  remains  of  ancient  structures. 

In'do-Chi'na,  also  called  Farther  India  and 
Chin- India,  the  southeastern  peninsula  of  Asia,  com- 
prising Annam,  French  Cochin  China,  Cambodia,  Siam, 
Laos,  the  Shan  country,  Malacca,  Burmah,  British  Bnr- 
mah,  and  several  districts  of  Assam  and  Bengal.  The 
country  differs  entirely  in  character  from  India  proper,  in 
great  part  consisting  of  forest-clad  mountain-ridges  sepa- 
rated by  narrow  valleys.  The  people  are  almost  entirely 
of  the  so-called  Mongolian  stock,  and  employ  languages  of 
monosyllabic  character,  more  or  less  closely  allied  to  the 
Chinese,  except  in  the  Malay  sub-peninsula,  where  the 
Malay  race  and  language  predominate. 

Indore,  or  Indoor,  in^dor',  a  state  of  Central  India, 
often  called  Holkar's  Dominions,  from  its  ruler,  a 
Mahratta  chief,  who  is  called  the  Maharajah  Holkar.  The 
country  is  an  aggregate  of  8  isolated  tracts,  of  which  the 
southernmost  are  traversed  by  the  Nerbudda  River  and  the 
Vindhya  Mountains,  and  the  more  northern  are  mostly 
parts  of  a  fertile  table-land.  Area,  8075  square  miles. 
Capital,  Indore.     Pop.  635,450.     The  opium-crop  affords  a 


large  revenue,  and  the  ruler  pays  a  tribute  to  the  Britiah 
India  government. 

Indore,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  situ- 
ated on  a  wooded  table-land,  elevation  nearly  2000  feet, 
on  a  railway,  33  miles  S.  of  Oojein.  Lat.  22°  22'  N. ;  Ion 
75°  50'  E.  The  massive  granite  palace  of  the  Holkar  is  its 
only  edifice  of  importance.     Pop.  (1891)  92,329. 

Indostan,  India.    See  Hindostan. 

Indragiri,  in-dri-ghir'ree,  or  Andragery,  in-dr4- 
ghi'vee,  a  navigable  river  of  Sumatra,  enters  the  ocean  on 
its  E.  coast,  in  lat.  0°  32'  S.,  Ion.  103°  E.  On  it  is  a  town 
of  the  same  name. 

Indragiri,  or  Andragery,  a  native  state  in  the 
island  of  Sumatra,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  between  the  rivers 
Kampar  and  Jambi,  which  enter  the  sea  respectively  in 
lat.  0°  30'  N.  and  1°  S.  It  is  traversed  by  the  river  Indra- 
giri, and  is  in  general  flat,  especially  towards  the  coast. 
Indragiri  is  governed  by  a  sultan,  but  is  under  the  su- 
premacy of  the  Dutch. 

Indramayo,  or  Indramaijo,  een-dr3.-mi'o,  a  cape, 
river,  and  town  of  Java:  the  town  near  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  which  enters  the  sea  on  its  N.  coast,  near  the  cape, 
90  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Indraprastha,  the  ancient  name  of  Delhi. 

In^drapoor',  or  Indrapnra,  in-dri-poo'ri,  a  town, 
river,  state,  and  volcano  of  Sumatra:  the  town  near  the 
S.W.  coast,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Bencoolen. 

Indrapoor  (or  Indrapnra)  Point,  Sumatra,  is  in 
lat.  2°  5'  S.,  Ion.  105°  27'  E. ;  and  N.  of  it  is  a  bay  in  which 
are  the  Indrapoor  Islands. 

Indre,  iNd'r,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Indre 
and  Indre-et- Loire,  joins  the  Loire  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tours,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  115  miles.  It  is  navigable 
from  Loches  to  the  Loire,  45  miles. 

Indre,  a  department  of  Northwest  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Berri.  Area,  2624  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  292,868.  The  surface  is  uniformly  level.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Indre  and  Creuse.  More  grain  and 
wine  are  raised  than  are  required  for  home  consumption, 
though  much  of  the  soil  is  barren  and  swampy.  This  de- 
partment furnishes  the  best  lithographic  stones  in  France. 
Woollen  and  cotton  cloths  and  yarn,  iron  and  iron  goods, 
earthenwares,  cutlery,  leather,  tiles,  and  parchment,  are 
among  the  chief  products.  Capital,  Chl.teauroux.  Indre 
is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Chl,teauroux,  Issou- 
dun.  La  ChS,tre,  and  Le  Blanc. 

Indr^,  an  island  of  France.     See  Indret. 

Indre,  or  L' Indre,  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
fSrieure,  5i  miles  from  Nantes.     Pop.  2229. 

Indre-et-LiOire,  &Nd'r-&-lwaR,  a  department  in  the 
N.W.  of  France,  formed  chiefly  of  the  old  province  of  Tou- 
raine,  comprising  a  region  on  both  sides  of  the  Loire. 
Area,  2332  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  337,298.  The 
surface  is  level,  and,  near  the  Loire,  very  fertile,  elsewhere 
poor  and  often  marshy.  The  Cher,  Indre,  and  Vienne 
Rivers  water  its  S.  portion.  Agriculture  is  excellent,  and 
the  produce  in  cereal  grain  is  more  than  adequate  to  home 
consumption.  The  department  furnishes  lithographic  stones, 
pipe-  and  potters'  clay,  and  contains  an  immense  amount  of 
petrified  shells,  which  are  used  as  manure.  Hemp,  liquorice, 
anise-seed,  truffles,  fruits,  &Q.,  are  raised  in  considerable 
quantities.  The  culture  of  silk  is  important,  as  are  the  silk-, 
woollen-,  and  leather-manufactures  of  Tours.  The  other 
principal  manufactures  are  files  and  rasps,  iron-wares,  red 
lead,  and  pottery.  Capital,  Tours.  The  department  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissements  of  Tours,  Chinon,  and  Loohes. 

Indret,  or  Indr6,  &No^dr&',  a  small  island  of  France, 
department  of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  formed  by  the  Loire,  6  miles 
W.  of  Nantes,  with  machine-shops  and  other  works  belong- 
ing to  the  French  naval  establishment. 

Indnno,  in-doo'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Como, 
near  Varese.  Near  it,  in  a  deep  gorge,  is  a  remarkable 
fountain.     Pop.  1970. 

Indus,  in'dQs,  or  Sindh,  slnd  (Sanscrit,  Sindhoo  or 
Sindhu,  the  "sea;"  Persian,  Ab-Sind,  4b-slnd),  a  great 
river  of  South  Asia,  rises  in  Thibet,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Kailas  (of  the  Himalayas),  in  lat.  31°  20'  N.,  Ion.  81°  15' 
E.,  near  the  sources  of  the  Sutlej.  It  flows  N.W.  for  about 
120  miles,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Gartok-chu.  The 
conjoint  stream  now  breaks  through  the  Himalayas,  and 
thenceforth  has  a  S.W.  course,  traversing  the  Punjab,  and 
afterwards  Sinde,  to  its  mouths  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  be- 
tween lat.  23°  and  25°  N.  and  Ion.  67°  30'  and  69°  E.  Total 
course  estimated  at  2000  miles.  Its  affluents,  thougn  not 
numerous,  are  important.  N.  of  the  Himalayas  it  receives 
the  Gartok-chu,  Sinhkha-bab  (which  is  regarded  as  the  trut 
Indus),  Zanskar,  and  Shayook  Rivers.     S.  of  the  mountain* 


IND 


1462 


ING 


the  Cabool  River  enters  it,  and  in  lat.  28°  55'  N.,  Ion.  70° 
28'  E.,  470  miles  from  the  ocean,  it  is  joined  from  the  N.E. 
by  the  Punjnud,  which  brings  to  it  the  united  streams  of 
the  Punjab,  or  "five  rivers,"— the  Sutlej  (anc.  Hesu'drut), 
the  Beas  (anc.  Hyph'aaia),  the  Chenaub  (anc.  Acea'inet), 
the  Ravee  (ano.  Hydrao'tea),  and  the  Jhylum  (anc.  Hy- 
daa'pea).  Below  this  it  has  no  tributary  of  much  size, 
but  repeatedly  subdivides,  giving  oflF  lateral  streams,  the 

Principal  being  the  Fulailee  and  Narra  branches ;  and  at 
riecal,  lat.  25°  9'N.,lon.  68°  21'  B.,  the  delta  commences, 
the  chief  arms  of  which  are  the  Buggaur,  Sata,  and  Pin- 
yaree.  The  Indus  enters  the  sea  by  a  great  number  of 
mouths,  the  principal  of  which  are  the  Pittee,  Hujamree, 
Khediwaree,  Kookewaree,  Seer,  and  Koree.  The  latter  is  7 
miles  wide  and  20  feet  deep,  and  is  properly  an  arm  of  the 
sea.  The  delta  extends  from  the  ocean  to  Hyderabad,  and 
from  Kurrachee  to  Luckput,  being  about  130  miles  in  ex- 
treme length  and  breadth.  On  the  banks  of  the  Indus  are 
the  towns  of  Moor,  Leh,  Iskardoh,  Attock,  Caulabagh, 
Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  Bukkur,  Leia, 
Mittun-Kote,  Roree,  Sukkur,  Sehwan,  Hyderabad,  Meanee, 
Tatta,  Ghara,  Bunder  Vikkur,  and,  at  its  westernmost  en- 
trance, Kurrachee.  Its  source  is  supposed  to  be  18,000  feet 
above  the  sea,  its  bed  at  Leh  10,000  feet,  and  at  Attock, 
940  miles  from  its  mouth,  it  is  1000  feet  above  the  ooean- 
level,  800  feet  across,  60  feet  in  depth,  and  has  a  current 
of  6  miles  an  hour.  Below  this  point  it  runs  with  great 
velocity,  mostly  between  high  cliflFs  (in  one  place  700  feet 
in  elevation),  as  far  as  Caulabagh,  after  which  its  course 
is  through  a  level  country,  with  a  breadth  usually  varying 
from  one-fourth  of  a  mile  to  upwards  of  1  mile,  and  an 
average  velocity  of  from  2  to  3  miles  an  hour.  During  the 
season  when  it  is  lowest,  tides  are  perceptible  upward  to 
about  25  miles  below  Tatta,  or  75  miles  from  the  ocean. 
The  mean  annual  discharge  of  water  is  supposed  to  be 
150,212,079,642  tons,  a  large  proportion  of  its  waters  being 
consumed  in  irrigation  and  evaporation.  The  Indus  is 
navigable  from  the  sea  as  high  as  the  influx  of  the  Cabool 
River,  near  Attock,  942  miles,  and  its  tributaries  are  mostly 
navigable  to  the  foot  of  the  mountains ;  but  the  channel  is 
80  encumbered  by  shifting  banks  as  to  be  adapted  only  for 
steamers  and  vessels  of  comparatively  small  draught.  The 
gavial,  or  long-snouted  crocodile,  is  numerous  in  the  river, 
and  the  alligator  is  found  in  its  lagoons.  The  bolun,  a 
cetacean,  is  also  abundant.  Fish,  especially  the  pulla,  a 
species  of  carp,  are  very  abundant,  and  form  a  chief  arti- 
cle of  food  for  the  natives.  The  country  immediately  adja- 
cent to  its  banks,  in  its  delta  especially,  is  of  high  fertility, 
but  on  either  side  this  region  is  flanked  by  a  bare  desert. 
Industan,  or  Industhan,  India.  See  Hindostan. 
In'dustry,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co..  111.,  in 
Industry  township,  about  52  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy,  and  11 
miles  S.  of  Macomb.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  432 ;  of  township,  1419. 

Industry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Wakefield  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Industry,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Farmington,  It  has  a  church,  district  schools,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Post-office,  Allen's  Mills. 

Industry,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co.,  Neb. 

Industry,  a  hamlet  of  York  township,  Belmont  oo.,  0., 
near  Powhatan  Point. 

Industry,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  34  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  Industry  township, 
618. 

Industry,  a  post-village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Brenham,  and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Houston.  It  has 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  furniture,  and  oil. 

Industry  Village,  Quebec.    See  Joliette. 

Ineboli,  ee'n§h^bo'lee,  or  Ainabol,  i'n&-bol  (anc. 
fonop'oltaf),  a  maritime  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black 
Sea,  72  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sinope.  It  has  a  fair  roadstead,  and 
exports  much  wool,  mohair,  Ac.     Pop.  from  2000  to  3000. 

Inez,  Martin  co.,  Ky.    See  Eden. 

Inferum  Mare.    See  Tyrrhene  Sea. 

Inficionado,  een-fe-se-o-ni'do,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in 
Mmas-Qeraes,  12  miles  N.  of  Mariana.     Pop.  4500, 

Ing^liuk,  in-gi'le-ook,  (or  Krusenstern,  kroo's?n- 
stern)  Island,  one  of  the  Diomede  Islands,  in  Behring 
Strait.     It  belongs  to  the  United  States. 

Ingalls,  ing'galz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Grant  township,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salina. 
It  has  a  church. 

IngalPs  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Volney  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E, 
of  Oswego.    It  has  a  cheese-factory. 


Ingallston,  ing'galz-t9n,  a  township  of  Menominee  oo^ 
Mich.     Pop.  272.     It  includes  English,  or  Kloman. 

Ingart  (ing'gart)  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  oo., 
Iowa. 

Ingbert,  or  Sanct  Ingbert,  s&nkt  ing'b^rt,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Deux- 
Ponts,  with  iron-  and  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  iron, 
glass,  and  chemicals.     P.,  with  neighboring  villages,  9220. 

Ingelfingen,  ing'^l-fing^^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg, 
on  the  Kocher,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1463. 

Ingelheim,  ing'^l-bime^  Nieder,  nee'd^r,  and  Ober, 
o'b§r,  two  contiguous  market-towns  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
province  of  Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Selz,  near  its  influx  into 
the  Rhine,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mentz.  Pop.  of  the  former, 
2441 ;  of  the  latter,  2675. 

Ingelmunster,  ing'H^l-m&n^st^r,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  7i  miles  N.  of 
Courtrai.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  salt,  and  large 
carpet-mills.     Pop.  5400. 

lugendohl,  ing'9n-d5l\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1773. 

Ingenheim,  ing'§n-hime\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  near 
Bergzabern.     Pop.  1580. 

Ingenio,  een-H&'ne-o,  a  town  of  the  Canary  Islands,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Gran  Canaria.     Pop.  1486. 

Ingenoe,  ing'^n-o^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  Fin- 
mark,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  30  miles  S.W.  of  North  Cape. 

Ingermannland,  the  German  name  of  Ingria. 

Ingersheim,  ing'^rs-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  &N<>^zhdR^zim'), 
a  town  of  Germany,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  2388. 

Ingersoll,  ing'gh^r-SQl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  a  Lake  Michigan  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing. 

Ingersoll,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  430. 
Post-office,  Lee's  Corner. 

Ingersoll,  ing'gh^r-sgl,  an  incorporated  town  in  Oxford 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  and  on  the  Great  West- 
em  Railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  contains  7 
churches,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  saw-  and 
grist-mills,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery, 
woollens,  wooden-ware,  cheese,  dkc.  Ingersoll  has  a  large 
trade  in  lumber,  grain,  and  country-produce.     Pop.  4022. 

Inge-Sn,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Injeh-Soo. 

Ingham,  ing'qjn,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  662  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
River,  which  crosses  the  W.  border  several  times,  and  it  is 
partly  drained  by  Red  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of 
sugar-maple,  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the 
staples.  This  county  contains  Lansing,  the  capital  of  Mich- 
igan. It  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  <fc  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Mason.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,268; 
in  1880,  33,676;  in  1890,  37,666. 

Ingham,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  West  Fork  of  the  Cedar  River,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Charies  City.     Pop.  456. 

Ingham,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1338. 

Ingham's  (ing'amz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herki- 
mer CO.,  N.Y.,  on  East  Canada  Creek,  3  miles  from  East 
Creek  Station.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  &c. 

Inghe-Nor,  in^ghfih-noE',  or  Inghe-Noor,  in'ghih- 
noor',  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of 
the  lake  Koko-Nor.  It  is  18  miles  long  by  16  miles  broad 
and  flows  into  the  Koko-Nor  by  the  Poocapira. 

Inghilterra,  Inglaterra.    See  England. 

Ingighis,  or  Iigighiz,  Turkey.     See  Indjighiz. 

Inglefield,  ing'g^l-feeld,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Evansville. 

Ingl chart's,  ing'g^l-harts,  a  station  on  the  Annapolis 
<fc  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Annapolis,  Md. 

Ingleside,  ing'g^l-side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Limestone  co., 
Ala.,  8  miles  from  Bibbs  Lane  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam-mill. 

Ingleside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  about 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Centreville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ingleside,  a  station  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Westfield  &  Holyoke  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Holyoke  Sta- 
tion. It  is  a  manufacturing  place,  and  is  within  the  limit* 
of  Holyoke.     It  has  a  fine  hotel,  and  is  a  summer  resort 

Ingleside,  Pennsylvania.     See  Garver's  Ferry. 

Ingleton,  ing'gh^l-tgn,  a  village  of  England,  co.  ol 
York,  West  Riding,  9i  miles  N.W.  of  Settle,  on  the  Leeds 
&  East  Lancashire  Railway. 


ING 


1463 


INN 


Ingleville,  ing'g^l-vil,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Clay  oo.,  Iowa, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Spencer. 

Inglewood,  ing'g§l-wood,  a  post-village  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  Va.,  15  miles  E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  2  churches. 

Ingoda^  in-go'dd,,  a  river  of  Siberia,  in  Transbaikalia, 
after  a  N.B.  course  of  about  300  miles,  joins  the  Onon  to 
form  the  Shilka  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Amoor. 

Ingolstadt,  ing'ol-stitt^  or  ing'ggl-stitt^  a  town  of 
Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  45  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Munich,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Ratisbon.  Pop. 
14,485.  It  is  well  built,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  has  7 
churches,  a  royal  palace,  several  hospitals,  and  many  chari- 
table institutions.  Its  university,  founded  in  1472,  was 
transferred  in  1800  to  Landshut,  and  afterwards  to  Munich. 
The  trade  of  Ingolstadt  has  decayed,  and  it  has  now  only  a 
few  manufactures  of  cloth,  playing-cards,  cutlery,  leather,  &c. 

In^gomar')  a  post-office  of  Issaquena  oo..  Miss.,  at 
Duvall's  Landing,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  above 
Vioksburg. 

Ingonish)  een-go-neesh',  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  in  Cape  Breton  Inland,  on  the  sea-coast,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Sydney.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw -mill. 
Pop.  200. 

Ingool,  IngonI,  or  Ingul,  in-gool',  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Kherson,  rises  N.  of  Yelisavetgrad,  and  flows 
S.  into  the  Bug  near  Nikolaiev,  after  a  course  of  150  miles. 

Ingoolets,  Ingoulets,  or  Inguletz,  in-goo-ldts',  a 
river  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  rises  N.  of  Yelisa- 
vetgrad, and  flows  S.  into  the  Dnieper  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Kherson.     Length,  220  miles. 

Ingoor,  Ingonr,  or  Ingnr,  in-gooB',  written  also 
Inguri  and  Ingouri,  in-goo'ree,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Caucasus,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Black  Sea.     Total  course,  70  miles. 

Ingonvillej  4N»^gooVeel',  a  former  town  of  France, 
department  of  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  a  slope  commanding  a 
fine  view  of  the  Seine,  1  mile  N.  of  Havre.  It  has  chemi- 
cal works  and  sugar-refineries,  and  numerous  villas  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Havre,  to  which  city  it  has  been  annexed. 

Ingoygem,  or  Ingoyghem^  ing'Hoi-H£m\  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  8  miles  E.  of  Courtrai. 
Pop.  1700. 

Ingraham,  ing'gra-am,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  111., 
about  14  miles  N.B.  of  Flora.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  about  15  houses. 

Ingraham^  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  504. 

Ingraham,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9 
miles  N.  of  Plattsburg. 

Ingrahamville,  ing'gra-am-vil,  a  hamlet  in  Pa^r- 
tucket  township,  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  navigable 
Pawtucket  River,  IJ  miles  S.  of  Pawtucket.  It  has  a 
brick  mill  for  cotton  yarn. 

Ingram )  ing'gram,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  at  the  S. 
end  of  a  tunnel  on  that  road.     Here  are  coal-beds. 

Ingram's,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.     P.  1326. 

Ingrandes,  iu^^grftNd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Loire,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Angers.  It  has 
tanneries,  oil-mills,  &o.     Pop.  1328. 

Ingria,  in'gre-^  (Ger.  Ingermannland,  ing'^r-minn- 
lint^),  an  old  province  of  Russia,  now  forming  part  of  the 
government  of  St.  Petersburg.  The  Ingrians  proper,  or 
Vod,  are  one  of  the  native  Finnic  tribes  of  this  region, 
speaking  their  own  language,  and  mostly  of  the  Protestant 
faith.     They  are  very  poor,  and  number  about  17,800. 

Ingrowitz,  in'gro-^its\  a  town  of  Moravia,  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Iglau.     Pop.  1600. 

Ingul  and  Ingul etz.     See  Ingool  and  Inooolets. 

Ingur,  or  Inguri,  Russia.    See  Ingoor. 

Ingweiler,  ing'^^i-l^r,  Ingwiller,  iN»'veeriaiR',  or 
ELengwiller,  hftN»VeeriaiR',  a  town  of  Germany,  Alsace, 
on  the  Moder,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zabern.     Pop.  2276. 

Inhamban,  or  Inhambane,  een-&m-b&n',  a  Portu- 
guese town  of  East  Africa,  at  the  head  of  a  deep  bay,  200 
miles  N.E.  of  Delagoa  Bay.  It  has  a  fort,  and  exports  oil- 
nuts,  india-rubber,  wax,  ivory,  and  copal.  Pop.  6500. 
Near  it  the  Inhamban  River,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  150 
miles,  reaches  the  sea. 

Inhainbupe,  een-yi,m-boo'p&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Inhambupe. 

Inhauma,  een-y5w'm&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  and 
8  miles  N.B.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000. 

Inia,  ee'ne-&,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  lat.  64°  N.,  Ion. 
87°  E.,  and  joins  the  Obi  near  Kolyvan. 

Iniesta,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Hiniesta. 

Inisheer,  Inishmain,  and  Inishmore.  See 
Arram  Islands. 


Inishmulcloghy,  ancient  name  for  Conet  Islahd. 

Inistioge,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Innistogue. 

Inistioge,  in-is-te-og',  or  Pro'ton,  a  post-village  in 
Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway, 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Orangeville.  It  has  a  store  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  100. 

Iiyeh-Soo,  Iiyeh-Sn,  or  Inge-Su,  in^j^h-soo',  a 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Kaisareeyeh.  It  has 
about  750  Greek  and  the  same  number  of  Mohammedan 
residences,  2  churches,  and  a  handsome  khan. 

Ii^eram,  in-j^h-rim',  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Rajahmundry,  on  tne  N. 
branch  of  the  Qodavery. 

Inkerman,  ink-^r-m&n'  (anc.  Doros  f),  a  village  and 
seaport  of  South  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  36  miles  S.W.  of 
Simferopol.  It  was  once  a  celebrated  city,  and  has  numer- 
ous caverns  cut  in  the  rock,  supposed  to  be  the  work  of  the 
monks  in  the  Middle  Ages.  Near  this  place,  November  5, 
1854,  was  fought  the  battle  of  Inkerman,  between  the  Eng- 
lish and  French,  on  one  side,  and  the  Russians  on  the  other. 

Ink'erman,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ink'erman,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  N.  of  Iroquois.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  256. 

Inkerman,  Quebec.    See  Bristol. 

Ink'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mioh.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

Inkster,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Forks  oo.,  N.D.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Larimore.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  211. 

In'land,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Inland  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  882. 

Inland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  in  Inland 
township,  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manistee,  and  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Traverse  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  185. 

Inland,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Burling- 
ton A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  91  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Inland,  Summit  co.,  0.    See  Greensburq. 

In'man,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Inman'  8  (in'manz)  Grove ,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Neb. 

Inn,  inn  (anc.  (E'nus),  a  river  of  Central  Europe,  and 
one  of  the  principal  affluents  of  the  Danube,  rises  in  the 
Engadine,  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  Grisons,  flows 
mostly  N.E.,  through  the  Tyrol  and  Bavaria,  and  joins  the 
Danube  at  Passau.  Total  course  estimated  at  250  miles. 
In  a  part  of  its  course  it  forms  the  W.  frontier  of  Austria. 
On  its  banks  are  the  towns  of  Imst,  Innspruck,  Kufstein, 
Wasserburg,  and  Miihldorf. 

Innaconda,  in-nS.-kon'd&,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  52  miles  S.W.  of  Guntoor.  It  is  a  place  of  large  trade. 
Pop.  4261. 

Innerberg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Eisenerz. 

In'ner  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  district  ot 
Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Green's  Pond. 

In'nerkip,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  on  the 
Firth  of  Clyde,  4i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Greenock.     P.  637. 

In'nerkip,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.  Ontario,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw- 
mills, 5  cheese-factories,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Innerleithen,  in^n^r-lee'tn^n,  or  InWerlei'then, 
a  village  and  watering-place  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5^  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Peebles.  It  is  the  "St.  Ronan's  Well"  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  woollen-mills. 
Pop.  1605. 

Innerness,  Scotland.    See  Inverness. 

Innerste,  in'n^r-st^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the 
Harz  Mountains,  in  Hanover,  and  joins  the  Leine  after  a 
course  of  nearly  60  miles. 

Innis,  a  Celtic  word,  signifying  "island,"  forming  the 
part  of  many  names  in  Ireland. 

In'nisbegS  numerous  small  islands  belonging  to  Ire- 
land, near  Dunmore  Head  and  other  headlands. 

In^nisbe'gil,  or  In^nisbig'gle,  an  island  of  Achil 
Sound,  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  about  li  miles  long. 

In^nisboffin,  or  Boffin,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Qalway,  comprising  the  island  of  the  same  name,  3  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Claggan  Point.  Pop.  1262.  On  its  S.  coast  is 
an  excellent  harbor.  Innisboffin  is  also  the  name  of  several 
islands  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Donegal  and  Longford. 

Inniscattery,  in-nis-kat'te-re,  or  Scattery,  an  island 
of  Ireland,  in  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  co.  of  Clare,  2 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kilrush.  Area,  100  acres.  It  was  formerly 
a  stronghold  of  the  Danes  during  their  descents  upon  Ire- 
land; and  it  is  in  great  part  covered  with  the  ruins  of 
ecclesiastical  and  other  edifices. 

In^nisfal'Ien,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kerry, 
in  the  Lower  Lake  of  Killarney.     It  is  beautifully  wooded 


INIS 


1464 


INV 


In'nisfil,  or  Victo'ria,  a  post-village  in  Simcoo  cc, 
Ontario,  2i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lefroy.     Pop.  150. 

In^nishan'non,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  12  miles 
SS.W.  of  Cork,  on  the  Bandon.     Pop.  454. 

In^nishark',  an  island  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Galway,  S.W. 
of  InnisbofSn,  has  a  circuit  of  about  4  miles. 

In^nishere',  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  sep- 
arated by  the  South  Sound  from  the  co.  of  Clare,  distant  6 
miles.     Pop.  495. 

In^nisher'kin,  or  Sher'kin,  an  island  of  Ireland,  at 
the  entrance  of  Baltimore  Bay,  co.  of  Cork. 

Innishgeil,  in^nish-gheel',  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Galway,  in  Lough  Corrib,  4  miles  S.  of  Cong. 

Inniskea,  in^nis-k4',  two  islands  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Achil  Head. 

In^niskeel',  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal, 
in  Guibarra  Bay. 

In^nismur'ray,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Sligo, 
near  the  S.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Donegal  Bay,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Sligo. 

Innistogne^  in'nis-tSg',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kil- 
kenny, on  the  Nore,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge  of 
ten  arches,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Ross.     Pop.  701. 

In^nisturk'y  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  4^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clare  Island,  and  6  miles 
W.  of  the  mainland.  It  is  2  miles  long,  by  about  1^  broad. 
Pop.  112. 

In'nisville,  or  En'nisville,  a  post-village  in  Lanark 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Perth. 
It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  oatmeal-mills,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.  Pop.  200.  A  small  steamer  runs  between  here 
and  Carleton  Place. 

Innsprack,  or  Innsbrnck,  ins'prSSk  (t.e.,  the 
"bridge  of  the  Inn"),  (anc.  ^'nipons),  the  capital  city  of 
Tyrol,  Austria,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sill  into  the  Inn, 
here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  84  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Trent. 
Pop.  16,324.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town  and  five 
suburbs,  the  latter  better  built  and  more  extensive  than  the 
city  proper.  The  houses  are  mostly  4  or  5  stories  in  height, 
and  in  the  Italian  style.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
Franciscan  church,  several  other  fine  cnurches,  the  palace, 
with  public  gardens  stretching  along  the  Inn,  an  old  palace, 
now  used  for  public  offices,  a  botanic  garden,  a  gymnasium 
and  normal  school,  the  Ferdinandeum  and  various  other 
museums,  a  seminary  for  ladies,  a  provincial  house  of 
correction,  council-chambers,  a  town  hall,  a  theatre,  and 
a  handsome  ball-room.  The  university,  founded  in  1672, 
has  50  professors  and  a  library  of  50,000  volumes.  A 
statue  of  Joseph  II.,  and  a  triumphal  arch  raised  by  Maria 
Theresa,  are  among  the  conspicuous  ornaments  of  the 
city.  Innspruck  has  manufactures  of  silk,  woollen,  and 
eotton  goods,  leather,  glass,  cutlery,  and  sealing-wax,  and  a 
considerable  trade  with  Italy  and  countries  N.  of  the  Alps. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  assembly,  and  other  superior  de- 
partments of  the  public  service  for  Tyrol  and  Vorarlberg. 

In'ny,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  rises  in  Lough 
Sheeland,  flows  S.W.,  and  falls  into  Lough  Ree. 

Innycotta,  in^ne-kot'ti,  called  also  Hinghenghaut, 
Hinganghat,  and  Hiugnnghat,  hin'gan-gawt',  a 
town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Wurdah.    It  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  8361. 

In-Oghi,  in-o  ghee,  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  26 
miles  N.  of  Kutaieh,  with  remarkable  caverns. 

Inowrazlaw,  or  Inowraclaw,  e-nov-rits'liv  (Ger. 
Jung-Brealau,  y55ng-brfis'18w),  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Posen,  at  a  railway  junction,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brom- 
berg.  It  has  several  churches,  a  convent,  a  synagogue,  a 
hospital,  distilleries,  saltpetre-works,  and  great  beds  of  rock 
salt.     Pop.  9147,  one-half  of  whom  are  Jews. 

Inquisivi,  een-ke-se-vee',  a  town  of  Bolivia,  province 
of  La  Paz,  on  a  plateau  in  the  mountains  of  Cocasuyo. 

Insalah,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Ain-Salah. 

Insara,  in-si'rS,,  or  Inssar,  in-saR',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  67  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penza.     Pop.  3518. 

Insch,  inch,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  26  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Aberdeen.    Pop.  553. 

Inseln  des  Grtinen  Torgebirges  ("islands  of  the 
green  promontory").    See  Cape  Verd  Islands. 

In'skip,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  about  60  miles 
N.  of  Marys  ville. 

Inssar,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Insara. 

Inster,  in'st^r,  a  river  of  East  Prussia,  unites  with  the 
Angerap  in  forming  the  Pregel.     Length,  about  45  miles. 

Insterbnrg,  in'st^r-bSoRo',  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  16 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Gumbinnen,  at  the  confluence  of  the  An- 
gerap and  the  Inster  (which  here  receives  the  name  of 
Pregel),  and  at  an  important  railway  junction.   Pop.  16,303. 


It  has  a  castle,  a  high  school,  Protestant  churches,  a  noim 
school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fab' 
rics,  stockings,  sugar,  leather,  and  earthenwares. 

Insna,  een'soo-i,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Grosso,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Paraguay.  A 
ravine  at  the  bottom  of  this  range  separates  it  from  the 
Serra  dos  Dourados,  and  furnishes  an  outlet  for  Lakes  Man- 
diore,  Gahiba,  and  Uberaba. 

Insula,  an  ancient  name  of  Lille. 

Insula,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Isle. 

Insula  Asturae,  the  ancient  name  of  Astitra. 

Insula  Cicae,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bayona. 

Interamna,  the  ancient  name  of  Terni. 

Interainni,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Saltalbov. 

Interainnia,  the  ancient  name  of  Teramo. 

In'tercourse,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  £.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  4  churches. 

Interlachen,  or  Interlaken,  in't«r-l&K'^n,  a  village 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  26  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bern, 
on  the  Aar,  between  Lakes  Thun  and  Brienz.  The  village 
is  much  resorted  to  in  summer,  and  has  a  reading-room, 
kursaal,  and  library.  The  rich  abbey  of  Interlachen  was 
suppressed  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

Interlachen,  in't^r-l&s^^n,  a  post-village  of  Putnam 
CO.,  Fla.,  about  18  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Palatka.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  207. 

Interme'diate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlevoix  oo.,  Mioh., 
13  miles  S.  of  Charlevoix.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Internum  JMare.    See  Mediterranean. 

Intimelium  Aibinm,  Italy.    See  Vintimiglia. 

Intra,  in'tri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of 
Novara,  H  miles  N.E.  of  Pallanza,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago 
Maggiore.     Pop.  4258. 

Introdacqna,  in-tro-d4k'kwi,  a  town  of  Italy,  proT- 
ince  of  Aquila,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saimona.     Pop.  5324. 

Inverary,  in-v^r-A'ree,  a  burgh  and  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Argyle,  on  a  bay  on  the  W. 
shore  of  Loch  Fyne,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a 
prison.  The  borough  unites  with  Ayr,  Campbeltown,  Oban, 
and  Irvine  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
W.  of  the  town  is  Inverary  Castle,  the  chief  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Argyle.     Pop.  984. 

Invera'ry,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  oo.,  Utah. 

Invera'ry,  or  Stor'rington,  a  post-village  in  Fron- 
tenac  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  contains  2 
hotels  and  3  stores. 

Inverbervie,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Bervie. 

InWercar'gill,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  capital  of  the 
county  of  Southland,  on  New  River,  an  inlet  reaching  N. 
from  Foveaux  Strait,  at  a  railway  junction,  110  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Dunedin.  It  has  a  hospital,  several  newspapers, 
several  saw-mills,  and  ships  mucn  timber,  wool,  preserved 
meat,  <Icc.  Small  vessels  may  load  at  the  town,  and  larger 
ones  at  Bluff  Harbor,  its  port.     Pop.  4600. 

InVergor'don,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Firth  of  Cromarty,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Dingwall.     Pop.  1167. 

In'ver  Grove,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.     P.  920. 

InVerhu'ron,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Southampton.  It  contains 
several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  store,  and  2  hotels,  and  has 
a  large  grain-trade  by  the  lake.     Pop.  150. 

Inverkeithing,  in-v§r-kee'THing,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  10  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh.  It  is  connected  by  railway-ferry 
with  Queensferry.  It  has  several  schools  and  public  libra- 
ries, and  near  it  are  some  foundries,  mills,  tanneries,  brick- 
works, and  a  ship-building-yard.     Pop.  1763. 

Inverleithen,  Scotland.    See  Innerleithen. 

Inverlochy,  a  castle  of  Scotland.     See  Martburgh. 

InVermay',  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Owen  Sound.  It  contains  2  saw -mills,  a  grist 
mill,  a  tannery,  4  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Inverness,  inV§r-nfis8'(formerly  Innerness),  aburgh 
of  Scotland,  capital  of  a  oounty,  and  of  the  North  High- 
lands, on  both  sides  of  the  Ness,  within  a  mile  of  its  influx 
into  Moray  Firth,  82  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  an 
important  railway  centre.  It  stands  in  a  beautiful  plain 
near  the  Caledonian  Canal,  on  which  are  wharves  for  load- 
ing and  unloading  goods.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
High  church,  county  buildings  on  Castle  Hill,  the  ruins 
of  a  citadel  built  by  Cromwell,  2  endowed  academies,  other 
schools,  an  infirmary,  dispensary,  town  hall,  jail,  mechanics' 
institute,  the  united  charities,  various  libraries,  public  read- 
ing-rooms, the  custom-house,  exchange,  and  the  fine  Angli- 
can cathedral.  In  its  environs  are  many  beautiful  villas. 
Inverness  has  manufactures  of  linens,  plaidings,  wooIIcd 


INV 


1465 


ION 


And  hemp,  with  ship-building  docks,  breweries,  railway- 
shops,  and  tanneries.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop 
df  Moray.  Inverness  is  very  ancient,  and  was  the  capital 
of  the  Pictish  kingdom  in  the  sixth  century.     Pop.  14,469. 

Inverness',  or  Inverness-shire,  inV^r- nSss'-shir, 
a  maritime  and  Highland  county  of  Scotland,  the  largest  in 
the  kingdom,  extending  across  the  island  from  sea  to  sea, 
having  N.  Moray  Firth  and  Ross-shire,  and  W.  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  comprises  also  some  of  the  Western  Islands,  of 
which  Skye  is  the  principal.  Area,  4255  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  rugged,  and  well  wooded.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Spey,  Ness,  Beauly,  Lochy,  Garry, 
and  Glass.  Lakes  are  numerous.  It  is  chiefly  a  pastoral 
county,  cattle,  sheep,  and  wool  being  its  principal  exports. 
The  county  is  traversed  the  whole  of  its  length  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.  by  the  Caledonian  Canal.  The  principal  town  is 
Inverness,  the  capital.  The  county  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  in  1881,  90,454 ;  in  1891,  88,362. 

Inverness',  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Mackinaw  Strait.     Pop.  522. 

Inverness,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  23 
miles  W.  of  Fayetteville. 

Inverness^  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  Highlandtown. 

Inverness',  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  occupying  the 
W.N.W.  portion  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  Area,  1385 
square  miles.  There  is  excellent  land  in  the  county,  and 
agriculture  is  the  general  occupation  of  the  people,  who  are 
also  largely  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  Coal  and  petroleum 
are  obtained  in  Inverness.     Capital,  Port  Hood.     P.  23,415. 

Inverness,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Becancour  Station.  It  contains  8  stores,  a 
tannery,  several  grist-,  saw-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills, 
and  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper. 

Invernno,  in-v4-roo'no,  or  Invruno,  in-vroo'no,  a 
village  of  Italy,  17  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2192. 

InVeru'ry,  or  Inverurie,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Aberdeen,  at  the  confluence 
9f  the  Dee  and  the  Ury.  The  burgh  unites  with  Banff, 
Cullen,  Kintore,  and  Peterhead  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  The  Aberdeen  Canal  terminates 
at  Port  Elphinstone,  near  Inverury. 

Inves'tigator  Islands,  a  group  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  lat.  33°  45'  S.,  Ion.  134°  30'  E.,  comprising 
Flinders  Island  and  several  islets. 

Investigator  Strait,  of  South  Australia,  between 
Kangaroo  Island  and  Yorke  Peninsula,  25  miles  across,  con- 
nects Spencer  Gulf  with  the  ocean. 

Invibiis  and  Invise,  ancient  names  of  Envib. 

Invorio  Inferiore,  in-vo're-o  in-f4-re-o'ri,  or  Invo- 
rio  Maggiore,  mJLd-jo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  3 
miles  from  Arena.     Pop.  2491. 

Invorio -Superiore,  soo-p4-re-o'ri,  or  Minore,  me- 
no'r^,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  3  miles  from  Arena. 

In' wood,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  90  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

InAVogd,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Canton,  S.D.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  about  300. 

In'yack,  In'yak,  or  Saint  Mary,  an  island  of 
Africa,  in  Delagoa  Bay. 

In'yan  Ka'ra  Creek  rises  among  the  Black  Hills, 
iiear  the  W.  boundary  of  South  Dakota,  runs  northwestward, 
and  enters  the  Belle  Fourche  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 
Near  its  source  is  a  mountain  called  Inyan  Kara  Peak. 

Inyan  Reakah,  r§-ah'ka  ("river  of  the  rock"),  or 
Rock  River,  rises  in  Minnesota,  and  runs  southward, 
passes  into  Iowa,  and  finally  enters  the  Sioux  River  on  the 
W.  border  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

Inyan  Yankey  River*    See  Little  Sioux  River. 

In'yo,  a  county  of  California,  borders  on  Nevada.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  is  traversed 
by  two  parallel  ranges,  called  Inyo  and  Panamint  Moun- 
tains, the  direction  of  which  is  nearly  N.  and  S.  On  the 
western  border  of  this  county  stand  two  of  the  highest  peaks 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada, — Mount  Whitney,  which  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,898  feet,  and  Mount  Tyndall,  14,386  feet.  This 
county  contains  extensive  plains  of  sterile  sand,  in  which 
water  and  timber  are  scarce.  The  largest  stream  of  this 
county  is  Owens  River,  which  enters  Owens  Lake,  a  body 
of  saline  water  having  no  outlet.  Among  the  remarkable 
features  of  this  region  is  the  "  Death  Valley,"  which  is  40 
miles  long  or  more,  is  sunk  far  below  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  destitute  of  vegetation.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
in  this  county  near  the  Sierra  Nevada.  The  Carson  <fc 
Colorado  Railroad  extends  to  Keeler,  in  this  county.  Capi- 
tal, Independence.  Area,  10,020  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1956;  in  1880,  2928;  in  1890,  3544. 
93 


Inzago,  in-z&'go  (L.  Antidacum),  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Milan,  4  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Gorgonzola.     Pop.  3566. 

Inzer,  in'z^r  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Orenboorg,  riser 
in  the  Ural  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Belaia  about  50  miler 
S.E.  of  Oofa.     Length,  150  miles. 

Inzersdorf,  int's^rs-donr,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
4  miles  S.  of  Vienna,  on  the  Liesingbach,  and  on  the  rail- 
way to  Gratz.     Pop.  7502. 

Inzili,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Enzellee. 

Inzinzac,  &N<>^z&i)"^z&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Moi 
bihan,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  330. 

Inzlingen,  ints'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Loi- 
rach.     Pop.  1129. 

loka,  i-o'k^  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jackson  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.    It  baa 

2  churches. 

loia,  i-o'la,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Appalachicola  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tallahassee. 
It  has  2  churches. 

lola,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  111.,  on  the  Springfield 
division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  83  miles  S.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop.  about  300. 

lola,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Clay  township, 

3  miles  from  Durham  Station. 

lola,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  in  lola  township,  and  on  the  Leavenworth, 
Lawrence  <fc  Galveston  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Humboldt, 
and  78  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  7  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  carriage-works,  marble- 
works,  and  a  cider-  and  vinegar-factory.  Here  is  a  remark- 
able flowing  well  of  gas  and  mineral  water,  750  feet  deep. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1706 ;  of  the  township,  2743. 

lola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  about  14  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

lola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  30. 

lola,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  about  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

loli,  e-o'Ie,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bombay  presidency. 
Pop.  17,574. 

I'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Fairview 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2  churches. 

lona,  e-o'na,  Icolmkill,  ik^om-kill'  {i.e.,  I-Columh- 
kill,  "  the  isle  of  Columba's  retreat"  or  "  cell"),  an  island 
of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  oo.  of  Argyle,  off  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Mull.  Area,  2000  acres.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  it  was  highly  celebrated  as  the  seat  of  an 
abbd^  founded  in  the  sixth  century  by  St.  Columba,  which 
long  remained  the  chief  seat  of  learning  in  the  N.  and  the 
centre  of  missionary  enterprise  undertaken  by  the  Culdees. 
Its  ruined  cathedral  or  abbey,  on  its  E.  side,  is  160  feet  in 
length  by  60  in  its  greatest  breadth,  and,  like  most  of  its 
other  edifices,  is  of  a  much  later  date.  St.  Oran's  Chapel  is 
in  the  Saxon  style ;  St.  Mary's  and  other  parts  are  of  a  later 
architecture. 

lona,  e-o'na,  a  post-office  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo. 

lo'na  (formerly  Cranetown),  a  hamlet  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Cam- 
den.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

lona,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Plum  Creek  Branch  Railroad,  i  mile  from 
Verona  Station. 

lona,  a  post-office  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 

lo'na,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railway,  13  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  con- 
tains 6  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

lona  Island,  an  island  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
Hudson  River,  about  40  miles  above  New  York. 

lone,  i'5n,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  on  or 
near  Sutter  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento, 
and  48  miles  by  rail  from  Stockton.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
common  school,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop  in  1880,  636 ;  in  1890, 
806. 

lone  City,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Nye  co., 
Nevada,  on  Reese  River,  about  50  mile?  S.S.W.  of  Austin. 
It  has  2  quartz-mills. 

loni,  i-o'ne,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Ionia,  i-o'ne-a,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Flat,  Maple, 
and  Looking-Glass  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the  beech 


ION 


1466 


low 


pine,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  It  contains  also  many  open 
groves  of  oak  and  hickory,  called  "  oak  openings."  The 
soil  is  uniformly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
wool,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Ionia,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,681 ;  in  1880,  33,872; 
in  1890,  32,801. 

Ionia,  a  decayed  post- village  of  Warren  co..  111.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Galesburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ionia,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S,  of  New  Hampton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  dairy.    Pop.  about  250. 

Ionia,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ionia  township,  Jewell  co., 
Kansas,  near  Limestone  Creek,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Jewell  Centre.    Pop.  of  the  township,  684. 

Ionia,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Detroit,  Lansing  & 
Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  A  branch  railroad  extends  hence 
67  miles  northward  to  Big  Rapids.  Ionia  is  noted  for  its 
fine  residences,  and  has  8  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  private  banks,  2  iron-foundries,  a 

S lottery,  a  brewery,  a  brick-yard,  2  flouring- mills,  a  wagon- 
actory,  2  furniture-factories,  and  railroad  machine-shops. 
Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  at  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  4482. 

Ionia,  a  post- village  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  4  miles  S.  of  Burbank  Station,  and  about  30  miles 
by  land  N.W.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ionia,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Van  Buren 
township,  J  mile  from  Memphis  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 
Ionia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  on  the  At- 
lantic, Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Peters- 
burg.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  20  families. 

Ionia  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Ionian  (I-o'ne-an)  Islands  (Fr.  Ret  loniennea,  eel  zee^- 
o^ne-5nn' ;  Ger.  lonische  Ineeln,  e-o'nish-^h  in'sdln ;  It.  hole 
loniche,  ee'so-li  e-o'ne-ki ;  Sp.  lalaa  Jonicas,  ees'l&s  Ho'ne- 
kis),  an  insular  group,  situated  in  the  Mediterranean  oS'  the 
W.  coaat  of  Greece  and  Epirus,  and  forming  the  eparchies 
of  Corfu,  Zante,  and  Cephalonia,  in  the  kingdom  of  Greece, 
between  lat.  36°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  19°  and  23°  E.,  and 
consisting  of  Corfu,  Cephalonia,  Zante,  Santa  Maura,  Ithaca, 
Paxo,  and  Cerigo,  with  Fane,  Merlera,  Meganisi,  Calamo, 
Servi,  Cerigotto,  and  many  smaller  islands.  United  area, 
1092  square  miles.  Pop.  229,516,  nearly  all  of  Greel%  de- 
scent. The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  generally  covered 
with  heath,  but  in  some  of  the  larger  islands  are  fertile 
plains.  About  half  their  surface  is  under  cultivation,  yield- 
ing wheat,  barley,  and  other  grains;  wine,  chiefly  grown 
in  the  four  largest  islands ;  olive  oil,  mostly  procured  from 
Corfu  and  Zante ;  currants,  in  Zante  and  Cephalonia ;  and 
some  cotton,  flax,  and  pulse.  The  manufactures  consist  of 
woollen  fabrics  for  home  consumption,  soap  in  Corfu  and 
Zante,  salt  in  Zante  and  Santa  Maura,  silk  fabrics  in  Zante, 
earthenwares,  goats'-hair  carpets,  linens,  and  sacking.  Ship- 
building is  an  important  branch  of  industry,  and  many  of 
the  population  are  occupied  in  maritime  trade  and  naviga- 
tion. The  principal  towns  are  Corfu,  Zante,  Argostoli,  and 
Vathi.  These  islands  are  often  mentioned  in  ancient  his- 
tory, but  are  only  spoken  of  singly.  They  remained  subject 
to  Venice  from  1386  to  1797.  In  1814  they  were  placed 
under  British  protection,  though  forming  an  autonomous 
republic ;  and  in  1864  they  were  annexed  to  the  kingdom 
of  Greece.  They  are  supposed  to  derive  their  name  from  the 
lonians,  who  planted  colonies  in  Cephalonia  (Cephallenia) 
and  some  other  of  these  islands. 

Ionian  Sea  (Fr.  Mer  lonienne,  maiB  ee^o^ne-5nn' ;  Sp. 
Mar  Jonico,  maB  Ho'ne-ko ;  anc.  Ma're  lo'nium),  that  part 
of  the  Mediterranean  between  Greece  and  European  Turkey 
on  the  E.  and  Italy  and  Sicily  on  the  W.  The  principal 
inlets  are  the  Gulfs  of  Taranto,  Squillaoe,  Arta,  and  Patras. 
It  communicates  with  the  Adriatic  Sea  by  the  Strait  of 
Otranto,  and  contains  all  the  Ionian  Islands  except  Cerigo. 
lonopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Iueboli. 
los,  the  ancient  name  of  Nio. 

Iosco,  i-os'ko,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan,  is 
adjacent  to  Saginaw  Bay,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake 
Huron.  Area,  about  563  so^uare  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Au  Sable  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Au  Gres 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 


trees.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Bay  City  <fc  Alpena  Railroad. 
Capital,  Tawas  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  3163;  in  1880,  6873; 
in  1890,  15,224. 

Iosco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in  losoo 
township,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
wagon-snop,  and  a  vinegar-factory.    Pop.  of  township,  943. 

Iosco,  a  township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  932. 

loudoma,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yoosou a. 

long,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yoog. 

lougan  Bolshoi,  Russia.    See  Yoogan  Bolshoi. 

lonkhnov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yookhnov. 

lonkhnoTka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yookhnovka. 

lourbourg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yoorbooro. 

Iowa,  i'o-w§,  a  river  of  the  state  of  Iowa,  rises  near  tb* 
S.  border  of  Winnebago  co.,  and  runs  southward  through 
Hancock  and  Wright  cos.  It  subsequently  flows  south- 
eastward through  the  counties  of  Hardin,  Marshall,  Tama, 
Johnson,  &c.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  in  Louisa 
CO.  about  20  miles  S.  of  Muscatine.  It  is  about  375  miles 
long,  and  traverses  a  region  of  fertile,  undulating  prairies. 

loAVa  (named  from  the  loway  Indians,  a  tribe  of  the 
Dakota  stock),  a  north-central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
situated  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  bounded  N.  by 
Minnesota,  E.  by  Wisconsin  and  Illinois,  S.  by  Missouri,  and 
W.  by  Nebraska  and  South  Dakota.  Its  northern  limit  is 
the  parallel  of  43°  31'  N.  lat.  The  Mississippi  washes  its 
E.  border;  on  the  S.  is  the  parallel  of  40°  36'  N.;  but  the 
Des  Moines  River,  for  a  little  distance,  is  its  southern 
boundary,  while  the  rivers  Big  Sioux  and  Missouri,  on  the 
W.,  respectively  divide  it  from  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska, 
Area,  56,025  square  miles,  one-half  of  which  in  1890  was 
under  cultivation. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  for  the  most  part  what  is  called 
rolling  prairie, — that  is,  a  country  with  no  marked  hills, 
but  with  long  wave-like  elevations  of  gentle  slope.  Some 
of  the  rivers  have  bold,  bluSy,  and  rocky  banks ;  and  in 
some  regions  near  the  larger  streams  the  soil  and  under- 
lying drift  and  loess  have  been  deeply  eroded  by  torrents, 
giving  to  the  country  a  broken  character.  This  is  especi- 
ally true  of  some  portions  of  the  Missouri  Valley.  The 
highest  elevation  in  the  state,  near  Spirit  Lake,  Dickinson 
CO.,  is  1694  feet;  the  lowest  point,  the  low-water  surface 
of  the  Mississippi  at  the  S.E.  angle  of  the  state,  is  444  feet. 

Oeology  and  Mineralt, — The  examination  of  the  succes- 
sive strata  of  rooks  revealed  on  the  bluffs  and  along  the 
river-ohannels  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  shows  no  less  than  20 
well-marked  geological  formations,  ascending  from  the 
Potsdam  sandstone  of  the  N.E.  to  the  cretaceous  rocks  of 
the  S.W.  and  W.  Outside  of  this  regular  series  there  is  in 
the  extreme  N.W.  a  small  area  of  the  singular  (azoic)  Sioux 
qnartzite,  while  a  large  part  of  the  W.  is  covered  with  a  deep 
loess  or  drift,  referred  to  a  pleistocene  age.  All  the  geo- 
logical strata  are,  as  a  rule,  overlaid  by  a  drift  of  consider- 
able depth.  In  point  of  economic  value  the  most  important 
geological  strata  are  the  coal  measures.  The  lower  coal 
measures  are  the  most  important,  and  extend  to  ^he  N.W. 
about  175  miles  along  the  Des  Moines  River,  from  near 
Eeokuk  to  a  point  beyond  Fort  Dodge,  having  an  area 
of  about  6100  square  miles.  To  the  S.W.  occur  the  middle 
coal-measures,  whose  area  is  3400  square  miles ;  and  along 
the  Nodaway  River  there  is  a  development  of  the  upper 
carboniferous  (area,  8500  square  miles),  the  latter  extending 
into  the  adjacent  states  of  Missouri,  Kanwis,  and  Nebraska, 
but  its  coal  is  not  abundant.  There  are  also  detached  coal- 
fields of  some  importance.  Important  coal-mining  points 
are  at  or  near  Eldora,  Boone,  Moingona,  Des  Moines,  Pella, 
Otley,  Oskaloosa,  Ottumwa,  Alpine,  Coveport,  Fairfield,  Mus- 
catine, Davenport,  &c.  The  coals  of  Iowa  are  bituminous, 
and  as  compared  with  the  coals  of  the  Alleghany  field  they 
are  mostly  somewhat  inferior  in  quality,  but  they  are  never- 
theless of  the  highest  importance  to  the  industrial  develop- 
ment of  a  state  no  more  abundantly  supplied  with  timber 
and  wood  than  Iowa  is.  Lead  is  found  mainly  in  the 
galena  limestone,  and  Dubuque  has  a  large  annual  product 
of  this  commodity.  Lime,  gypsum,  sandstone,  limestone, 
and  other  building-stones,  brick-materials,  and  fictile  clays 
are  abundant.  Peat  and  lignite  of  economic  value  are  re- 
ported to  exist  in  the  N.  and  N.  central  region. 

The  rivers  are  all  direct  or  indirect  tributaries  of  the 
Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers.  Among  them  are  the 
Upper  Iowa,  Turkey,  Maquoketa,  Wapsipinicon,  Cedar, 
Iowa,  Skunk  or  Checauqua,  Des  Moines,  Chariton,  Crooked, 
Nishnabatona,  Boyer,  Soldier,  Maple,  Little  Sioux,  Floyd, 
and  Rock  Rivers.  Two  or  three  of  these  have,  or  have 
had,  a  limited  importance  as  navigable*  streams ;  many 
of  them  afford  water-power  at  their  falls ;  and  the  rapidi 


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1467 


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of  the  Mississippi  at  Davenport  and  at  Keokuk  are  exten- 
aively  utilized  for  the  same  purpose.  At  Keokuk  the 
United  States  government  has  constructed  a  wide  and  deep 
canal  around  the  rapids.  The  principal  lakes  are  in  the 
N.,  and  they  are  all  small.  Spirit  Lake,  Lake  Okoboji, 
Clear,  Swan,  High,  Palo  Alto,  Butler,  and  Storm  Lakes  are 
beautiful  sheets  of  water ;  and  the  Walled  Lakes,  of  which 
there  are  a  number,  present  the  singular  phenomenon  of  a 
natural  wall  of  loose  stones  surrounding  their  waters.  The 
prairies  abound  in  feathered  game,  and  are  much  visited  in 
autumn  by  sportsmen. 

Vegetation. — One-eighth  of  the  state,  it  is  claimed,  is  cov- 
ered by  natural  forests,  mostly  of  hard- wood  and  other  deoid- 
oous  trees, — such  as  the  oak,  walnut,  hickory,  elm,  maple, 
«ottonwood,  <fcc.  This  supply,  with  the  abundant  stores  of 
pine  timber  shipped  from  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin,  is 
sufficient  for  all  present  constructive  purposes,  and  the 
«oal-mines  of  the  state  afford  fuel  for  railroad  and  domestic 
uses  and  for  the  supply  of  manufactories.  The  area  of 
forest-land  is  reported  to  be  extending,  on  account  of  the 
arrest  of  prairie-fires  and  the  very  general  planting  of 
trees  by  the  settlers.  The  native  or  wild  grasses  serve  well 
as  pasturage,  and  afford  a  large  supply  of  cheap  hay.  The 
wild  rice  of  the  N.,  of  which  the  seed  was  formerly  eaten 
by  the  Indians,  affords  a  useful  paper-stock.  The  native 
tanning  plant  (a  Polygonum)  is  collected  and  employed  in 
tanning  leather,  for  which  use  it  is  well  adapted.  Native 
small  fruits  and  berries  exist  in  abundance,  but  their  use 
is  being  restricted  by  the  cultivation  of  improved  varieties. 

Agricultural  Resources,  &c. — There  is  very  little  abso- 
lutely waste  land  in  the  state.  The  prairies  are  everywhere 
covered  with  a  deep  friable  loam,  with  few  stones  and 
stumps,  and  with  but  little  marsh-  or  slough-land.  The 
bluff-country  of  the  W.  has  a  very  deep  soil  of  good 
character,  always  free  from  surplus  moisture ;  and  the  cli- 
mate of  the  whole  state  is  generally  healthful.  In  the 
N.W.  there  is  a  small  area  which  has  in  some  seasons  suf- 
fered from  drought  and  at  other  times  from  the  ravages  of 
grasshoppers.  No  state  is  naturally  better  adapted  to  the 
use  of  agricultural  machinery.  The  winter  climate  is  keen, 
and  the  snow-fall,  though  not  so  great  as  is  usual  in  New 
England,  is  sometimes  very  considerable.  The  water-supply 
is  ample  for  the  purposes  of  agriculture,  but  not  excessive. 
Hence  the  air  is  usually  dry,  and  the  state,  though  newly 
settled,  is  measurably  free  from  paludal  fevers  and  catar- 
rhal diseases.  These  causes  have  greatly  stimulated  its 
development  as  an  agricultural  region.  Oats,  wheat,  corn, 
barley,  and  other  cereals,  potatoes,  hay,  dairy-products, 
wool,  linseed,  sorghum,  and  live-stock  of  all  kinds  are  pro- 
duced very  largely.  The  southern  portion  is  generally  well 
adapted  to  vine-growing.  Fruit-culture  is  attracting  much 
attention,  and  is  profitably  conducted.  Iowa  stands  in  the 
first  rank  as  a  food-producing  state. 

Manufactures  have  largely  increased  of  late,  both  steam- 
and  water-power  being  extensively  employed  as  motors. 
The  leading  articles  of  manufacture  are  flour,  lumber,  fur- 
niture, carriages,  packed  meats,  woollens,  cooperage,  sad- 
dlery, agricultural  and  other  machinery,  bricks,  pottery, 
leather,  leather  goods,  pig  lead,  metallic  Wares,  cheese, 
brewed  and  distilled  liquors,  linseed  oil,  lime,  &c. 

The  Counties,  99  in  number,  are  Adair^  Adams,  Allama- 
kee, Appanoose,  Audubon,  Benton,  Black  Hawk,  Boone, 
Bremer,  Buchanan,  Buena  Vista,  Butler,  Calhoun,  Carroll, 
Cass,  Cedar,  Cerro  Gordo,  Cherokee,  Chickasaw,  Clarke,  Clay, 
Clayton,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Dallas,  Davis,  Decatur,  Dela- 
ware, Des  Moines,  Dickinson,  Dubuque,  Emmett,  Fayette, 
Floyd,  Franklin,  Fremont,  Greene,  Grundy,  Guthrie,  Ham- 
ilton, Hancock,  Hardin,  Harrison,  Henry,  Howard,  Hum- 
boldt, Ida,  Iowa,  Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson, 
Jones,  Keokuk,  Kossuth,  Lee,  Linn,  Louisa,  Lucas,  Lyon, 
Madison,  Mahaska,  Marion,  Marshall,  Mills,  Mitchell, 
Monona,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Muscatine,  O'Brien,  Osce- 
ola, Page,  Palo  Alto,  Plymouth,  Pocahontas,  Polk,  Potta- 
wattamie, Poweshiek,  Ringgold,  Sac,  Scott,  Shelby,  Sioux, 
Story,  Tama,  Taylor,  Union,  Van  Buren,  Wapello,  Warren, 
Washington,  Wayne,  Webster,  Winnebago,  Winneshiek, 
Woodbury,  Worth,  and  Wright. 

The  principal  towns  are  Des  Moines,  the  capital,  a 
thriving  city  of  the  interior  (pop.  in  1890,  50,093) ;  Sioux 
City,  an  important  railroad  centre  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Big  Sioux  River  (pop.  37,806) ;  Dubuque,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, the  centre  of  the  lead-region,  and  an  important 
business  point  (pop.  30,311)  j  Davenport,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, opposite  Rock  Island,  111.,  a  manufacturing  and 
commercial  city  (pop.  26,872) ;  Burlington,  a  manufac- 
turing and  business  centre  on  the  Mississippi  (pop.  22,565) ; 
Council  Bluffs,  on  the  Missouri,  opposite  Omaha,  Neb.  (pop. 


21,474) ;  Cedar  Rapids,  a  railroad  aad  manufacturing  town 
(pop.  18,020);  Keokuk,  on  the  Mississippi,  at  the  S.E. 
angle  of  the  state  (pop.  14,101);  Ottumwa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River  (pop.  14,001);  Clinton,  on  the  Mississippi, 
opposite  Fulton,  111.  (pop.  13,619) ;  Muscatine,  on  tne 
Mississippi,  and  near  important  coal-mines  (pop.  11,454) ; 
Marshalltown,  in  the  valley  of  the  Iowa  River  (pop.  8914) ; 
Fort  Madison,  on  the  Mississippi,  about  25  miles  above 
Keokuk  (pop.  7901) ;  Creston,  a  trade  and  railroad  centre 
(pop.  7200);  Iowa  City,  formerly  the  capital,  and  the  seat 
of  the  state  university  (pop.  7010);  and  numerous  other 
towns,  such  as  Waterloo,  Oskaloosa,  Boone,  Lyons,  &e. 

Railroads. — Iowa  has  greatly  extended  her  railroad  sys- 
tem, so  that  nearly  all  the  counties  are  traversed  by  lines 
which  extend  directly  or  indirectly  to  every  important  point 
within  the  state;  and,  moreover,  the  most  convenient  and 
direct  routes  between  the  East  and  the  far  West  pass  through 
her  limits.  The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  has  its  eastern 
terminus  within  her  borders,  and  is  reached  by  several  ex- 
cellent and  well-conducted  lines.  The  Mississippi  is  spanned 
by  iron  railroad  bridges  at  various  points,  and  the  Union 
Pacific  is  carried  across  the  Missouri  at  Omaha  on  a  simi- 
lar bridge.  In  1855  Iowa  had  68  miles  of  railroad;  in 
1860,  655;  in  1865,  891;  in  1870,  2095;  in  1876,  3850; 
in  1887,  8324 ;  in  1890,  8416.  The  works  were  built  at  a 
cost  of  about  $42,000  per  road-mile. 

The  debt  of  Iowa  is  small,  and  a  large  part  is  due  to  the 
school  fund.  The  assessed  valuation  in  1889  of  real  prop- 
erty was  $374,763,112  ;  of  personal  property,  $103,564,136; 
of  railroads,  $43,591,410;  of  telegraphs  and  telephones, 
$658,819 ;  total  assessed  valuation,  $522,567,477. 

The  school  fund  amounts  in  all  to  more  than  $4,000,000, 
which,  as  a  whole,  gives  nearly  9  per  cent,  interest ;  and  the 
state  appropriation  and  local  school  taxes  bring  up  the 
total  amount  of  the  yearly  expenditure  for  public  schools 
to  over  $5,000,000.  The  schools  are  cared  for  by  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents,  and  by  local  boards  of 
directors.  Women  may  hold  educational  offices.  School 
industrial  expositions  are  provided  for  by  law,  and  have 
given  useful  results.  Normal-school  training  is  given  in 
the  state  university,  in  Whittier  College,  Salem,  in  the 
state  normal  schools  at  Cedar  Falls  and  Des  Moines,  and 
also  in  a  number  of  private  normal  schools.  The  state  uni- 
versity is  at  Iowa  City,  and  provides  professional  as  well  as 
academic  instruction  for  both  sexes.  There  are  1 8  denomina- 
tional incorporated  colleges  and  universities  (embracing 
several  professional  schools),  besides  several  women's  col- 
leges and  some  unincorporated  institutions  called  colleges. 
Besides  these,  the  state  agricultural  college  at  Ames  has  a 
thorough  system  of  industrial  instruction,  and  at  Vinton 
there  is  a  state  college  for  the  blind.  The  state  institution 
for  deaf-mutes  is  at  Council  Bluffs ;  the  reform  school  for 
boys  is  at  Eldora,  and  that  for  girls  at  Salem.  State  peni- 
tentiaries are  maintained  at  Fort  Madison  and  Anamosa ; 
insane  hospitals  at  Independence  and  Mount  Pleasant ;  an 
orphans'  home  at  Davenport;  and  a  school  for  feeble- 
minded children  at  Glenwood.  There  are  also  many  private 
and  denominational  schools. 

Constitution,  dkc. — The  constitution  of  1846  was  abro- 
gated in  1857,  when  that  now  in  force  was  framed.  The 
governor  and  other  chief  executive  officers  are  chosen  by 
ballot  for  the  term  of  two  years.  Voters  must  have  re- 
sided in  the  state  six  months,  and  60  days  in  the  county 
where  they  vote.  Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  for  limited 
term^  of  years.  State  senators,  50  in  number,  are  chosen 
for  terms  of  four  years.  The  house  of  .representatives  has 
100  members,  who  serve  two  years.  The  state  sends  eleven 
members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 

History. — Anciently  the  abode  of  portions  of  the  Sao, 
Fox,  Iowa,  and  Dakota  tribes  of  Indians,  this  region  was 
claimed  by  the  French,  and  was  a  part  of  the  Louisiana 
purchase  of  1803;  of  the  Missouri  Territory,  1812-34;  was 
a  portion  of  Michigan  Territory,  1834-36;  of  Wisconsin 
Territory,  1836-38,  the  capital  being  at  Burlington;  was 
organized  as  Iowa  Territory  in  1838,  and  then  included  a 
large  part  of  the  present  state  of  Minnesota ;  was  admitted 
as  a  state  in  1846 ;  but  the  W.  and  N.  portion  remained  as 
Iowa  Territory  until  1849,  when  Minnesota  Territory  was 
organized,  receiving  a  portion  of  the  state  of  Iowa  on  the 
N.,  while  at  the  same  time  Iowa  was  enlarged  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  portion  of  the  late  Iowa  Territory,  and  received 
its  present  limits.  The  French  settled  at  Dubuque  in 
1788,  and  wrought  the  lead-mines  there ;  but  the  tettle- 
ment  was  not  permanent,  and  no  town  or  settled  white 
population  existed  here  before  1833.  Its  admission  into 
the  Union  has  been  followed  by  unexampled  and  uninter- 
rupted  prosperity.      The  civil   war  of    1861-66  scarcely 


low 


1468 


IPS 


eh«oked  its  growth,  although  83,000  of  Iowa's  most  active 
eitiiens  bore  an  honorable  part  in  that  contest. 


Iowa,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa 
River  and  the  North  Fork  of  the  English  River,  the  former 
of  which  runs  through  the  N.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific,  and  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Capital,  Marengo.  Bi- 
tuminous  coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,644  j  in 
1880,  19,221;  in  1890,18,270. 

Iowa,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Pecatonica  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  ridges  or  hills,  valleys,  and  forests.  The  soil  is 
calcareous  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
a  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mines  of  lead  and 
sine.  It  is  connected  with  market  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  with  Dodgeville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,544;  in  1880,  23,628;  in  1890, 
22,117. 

Iowa,  a  station  in  Henderson  co.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington, 
Iowa. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  is  the  north- 
easternmost  township  in  the  state.     Pop.  683. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  bordering  on  the 
Iowa  River.  It  contains  Belle  Plain  and  East  Irving. 
Pop.  1152,  exclusive  of  Belle  Plain. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar 
River.     Pop.  1050. 
Iowa,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  223. 
Iowa,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  842. 
Iowa,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1163. 
Iowa,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.     Pop.  1163. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  460,  ex- 
clusive of  Albion. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River.     Pop.  1422. 
Iowa,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  832. 
Iowa,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  is  traversed  by 
the  Iowa  River.     Pop.  288.     It  contains  Fryeburg. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River.  Pop.  3438.  It  contains  Highland,  Highland 
.  Station,  Fanning,  Iowa  Point,  and  White  Cloud. 

Iowa  Bar,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Bear  Lake 
CO.,  Idaho,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Soda  Springs.  Gold  is 
found  here. 

Iowa  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
Indian  Creek,  7  miles  S.  of  Nevada,  and  about  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  248. 

Iowa  City,  or  Iowa  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Placer 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  48  miles  E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  brew- 
ery, 2  hotels,  5  stores,  and  2  churches.  Gold  is  found  here, 
and  hydraulic  mining  is  the  principal  business  of  the  place. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Iowa  City,  the  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  and  the 
capital  of  the  state  from  1839  to  1856,  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated in  Iowa  City  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Iowa 
River,  64  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Davenport,  and  120  miles  E. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  Iowa  State  University,  organized  in  1860.  This  uni- 
versity, open  to  both  sexes,  comprises  six  departments, — 
the  academic  or  collegiate,  and  schools  of  law,  medicine, 
dentistry,  and  pharmacy.  The  building  erected  for  the 
capitol  and  six  other  buildings  are  occupied  by  this  uni- 
versity. Iowa  City  contains  21  or  22  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  commercial  college,  2  national  banks,  3  savings- 
banks,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, alcohol,  flour,  cigars,  linseed  oil,  pumps,  gloves,  &c. 
It  also  has  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  7016. 

Iowa  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Hardin  township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Illinois 
Central  or  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of 


Waterloo,  and  50  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.   It  has  7  churches, 

2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  cigar-factory,  a  broom-fac- 
tory, and  manufactures  of  ditchers.     Pop.  1796. 

Iowa  Lake,  a  post-office  and  township  of  Emmett  co., 
Iowa,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Algona.  Here  is  a  small  lake,  oa 
the  line  between  Iowa  and  Minnesota.     Pop.  45. 

loAva  Mills,  a  station  in  JeflFerson  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lo^ 
Grade  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Brookville. 

Iowa  Point,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Atchison  A  Nebraska 
Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  steamboat-landing.  Pop.  242. 

loAva  Point,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tex. 

lo'waville,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  oo.,  Kansas. 

Ipa,  ee'p&,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  Minsk,  and,  after  a 
course  of  70  miles,  joins  the  Pripets. 

Ipava,  e-p&'v&,  a  small  lake  of  Venezuela,  forming, 
according  to  some  geographers,  the  principal  source  of  the 
Orinoco. 

Ipava,  i-pah'v^  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  on  tne  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad  (Buda  A  Rushville  Branch),  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lewistown,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Iphoven,  ip-ho'v^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle 
Franconia,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1867. 

Ipoly,  ee^pol',  or  Eypel,  i'p^l,  a  river  of  Hungary, 
joins  the  Danube  10  miles  below  Gran,  after  a  S.S.W. 
course  estimated  at  90  miles,  for  the  laat  35  miles  of  which 
it  is  navigable. 

Ipolysagh,  ee^pol^sh&g',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Hont,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Krapina  with  the  Ipoly. 
Pop.  2413. 

Ipoot,  Ipout,  or  Iput,  e-poot',  a  river  of  Russia, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  220  miles,  joins  the  Sozh  a 
little  above  Novo  Bielitza,  in  the  government  of  Moheelev. 

Ips,  or  Ybbs,  ips,  a  town  of  Austria,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ips  with  the  Danube,  25  miles  W.  of  .St.  Polten. 
Pop.  1952. 

Ipsala,  ip's&'l&,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  the 
former  province  of  Ronmelia,  on  the  Maritza,  at  the  influx 
of  the  river  Ipsala,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Enos. 

Ipsambool,  or  Ipsamboul,  ip-s&m-bool',  written 
also  Abu-Simbel,  Ebsambool,  Ebsambnl,  and 
Abn-Sambnl,  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Derr,  and  having  two  temples, 
with  statues  and  sculptures,  built  by  Rameses  the  Great, 
regarded  as  the  finest  remains  of  antiquity  in  the  Nile 
Valley,  except  those  at  Thebes. 

Ipsara,  ip's&-r&,  or  Ipsera,  ip'6&-r&,  written  also 
Psara  (anc.  Psy'ra),  an  island  belonging  to  Turkey,  in  the 
^gean  Sea,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Scio.  Length  and  breadth,  5 
miles  each.  Products,  cotton,  wine,  and  fruit.  On  its  S. 
side  is  a  village  of  the  same  name.  Anti-Ipsara  is  an  islet 
ofiF  the  W.  coast  of  the  above. 

Ipsera,  ip's^r-ri,  Ipeer,  or  Ipir,  e-peer'  (anc.  Hitpi- 
raai^f),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Erzroom. 

Ipsica,  or  Ispica,  in  Sicily.    See  Modica. 

Ipsit%,  or  Vbbsitz,  ip'sits,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Waidhofen.     Pop.  1074. 

Ips'wich,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Suf- 
folk, on  the  Orwell,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  iron  bridge, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Gipping,  at  a  railway  junction,  66  miles 
N.E.  of  London,  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  IBury  St.  Edmunds. 
The  town  stands  on  a  slope,  sheltered  by  hills  on  the  E.  and 
N.  It  is  irregularly  built,  with  streets  mostly  narrow  and 
houses  old-fashioned,  though  it  contains  many  new  and 
substantial  buildings ;  it  is  well  supplied  with  water.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  town  and  county  halls,  custom-house  on 
the  quay,  market-house,  corn  exchange,  county  and  borough 
jails,  an  old  monastery  of  Black  Friars,  the  theatre,  assem- 
bly-rooms, and  barracks.  Besides  the  grammar-school 
(which  was  restored  by  Cardinal  Wolsey,  and  has  a  noble 
building  constructed  since  1851),  Ipswich  possesses  several 
minor  endowed  schools  and  charities,  a  philological  society 
and  mechanics'  institution,  and  a  workingmen's  college. 
It  has  some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths  and  of  yarn, 
with  iron-  and  soap-factories,  breweries,  snufiF-mills,  and 
docks  at  which  large  vessels  have  been  built.  The  Orwell 
is  navigable  to  the  town  for  vessels  of  300  tons  burden.  It 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Ipswich  was 
burnt  by  the  Danes  in  991  and  1000;  but  in  later  Saxon 
and  Norman  times  it  rose  to  a  high  degree  of  prosperity. 
William  the  Conqueror  built  a  castle  here,  of  which  some 
traces  still  exist.     Pop.  in  1S91,  57,260. 


IPS 


1469 


IKE 


Ipswich)  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  on  the  Ipswich  River,  3  miles  from 
its  entrance  into  the  ocean,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Newburyport.  It  is  on  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  and  has  4  stone  bridges  across  the  river,  which 
here  affords  water-power.  It  contains  several  churches,  an 
insane  asylum,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4439. 

Ipswich)  a  post- village,  capital  of  Edmunds  oo.,  S.D., 
26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  h9.s  3  churches,  a 
bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  pencil- 
holders,  <feo.     Pop.  in  1890,  539. 

Ips'wich)  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Queensland,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Brisbane.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  7730. 

Ipswich  River,  Massachusetts,  traverses  Essex  co.,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  10  miles  S.S.E,  of  Newburyport. 

Ipuca,  e-poo'k&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  70  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  30»0. 

Iput,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ipoot. 

Iqui)  ee'kwee  or  ee'kee,  two  islands  of  Japan,  S.E.  of 
Kioo-Sjoo.     Lat.  31°  30'  N.;  Ion.  132°  E. 

IquiqaC)  e-kee'k&,  a  seaport  town  of  Chili,  near  its 
northern  extremity,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  40  miles  W.  of 
Tarapaca.  It  is  opposite  the  island  of  Iquique  (lat.  29" 
12'  30"  S.,  Ion.  70°  14'  45"  W.),  which  has  been  consid- 
erably reduced  in  height,  in  consequence  of  the  immense 
quantity  of  guano  taken  from  it.  Iquique  exports  much 
saliter.  In  1877  it  suffered  greatly  from  an  earthquake. 
A  railway  37  miles  long  extends  hence  to  Noria.  Two 
newspapers  are  published  here.    Pop.  about  18,000. 

IquitoS)  ee-kee'toce,  a  thriving  town  of  Peru,  on  the 
Upper  Amazon,  60  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Napo.  It 
has  a  floating-dock  capable  of  raising  a  thousand-ton  ship, 
large  government  iron-works,  a  ship-yard,  a  machine-shop, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  brick-factory. 

I'ra,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Lake  St.  Clair.     Pop.  1596.     It  contains  Fair  Haven. 

Ira,  or  Ira  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ira  township,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road, on  which  Ira  Station  is  21  miles  N.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  2  ch^urches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2067. 

Ira,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Rutland.     Pop.  413. 

Irtya,  ee-r3,'zh&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Janeiro,  near  a  river  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  5000. 

Irak,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Irek. 

Irak-Ajemee,  or  Irak-Ajemi,  ee^r3.k'-9,j'Sh-mee^ 
(anc.  Great  Me'dia,  or  Media  Proper),  a  large  province  oc- 
cupying the  central  portion  of  Persia,  between  lat.  31°  50' 
and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  46°  and  53°  E.,  comprising  Persian  Koor- 
distan  and  the  subordinate  provinces  of  Ardelan,  Laristan, 
Ispahan,  and  Kashan.  The  surface  is  an  elevated  table- 
land, traversed  by  several  mountain-ranges.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Kizil-Oozen,  forming  a  part  of  its  N.  boundary, 
and  the  Kerah,  with  its  affluents  in  the  S.W. ;  besides  which 
there  are  several  large  streams  that  lose  themselves  in  the 
Bandy  deserts.  The  watered  valleys  are  fertile.  Ispahan 
is  the  great  emporium  of  trade,  and  is  the  rendezvous  of 
large  caravans  from  Bagdad,  Herat,  and  even  India.  The 
other  principal  cities  are  Teheran,  Hamadan,  Kasbin,  Sinna, 
Kermanshah,  and  Room. 

Irak-Arabee,  or  Irak-Arahi,  ee^rik'-ir'a-bee^ 
(anc.  Bahylo'nia),  a  district  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  is  mostly  between  the  lower  courses  of  the  Euphrates 
and  the  Tigris,  and  comprises  the  city  of  Bagdad,  and  the 
ruins  of  Babylon,  Seleucia,  and  Ctesiphon. 

Iran,  the  Persian  name  of  Persia. 

I^randal',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bombay  presidency. 
Pop.  11,142. 

Irapirang,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Yasa-Barris. 

Irasburg,  i'rq.z-burg,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  oo.,  Vt., 
in  Irasburg  township,  on  the  Black  River,  40  miles  (direct) 
N.N.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Barton  railroad- 
station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  saw-mill, 
and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  of  township,  1085. 

I'ra  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Southern  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

Irasu,  e-r8,-soo',  a  volcano  of  the  republic  of  Costa  Rica, 
near  the  city  of  Carthage.     Height,  11,478  feet. 

Irawadi,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Irrawaddy. 

Irbid,  or  Irbil.    See  Arbela. 

Irbit,  iR-bit'  or  e§R-beet',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Perm,  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yekaterinboorg,  on  the  nav- 
igable river  Neiva.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  palisade,  and  is 
chiefly  noted  for  a  large  annual  fair,  which  lasts  for  a  month, 
in  February  and  March,  and  is  attended  by  a  great  con- 


course of  European  and  Asiatic  merchants.  It  is  connected 
by  steamboat  lines  with  the  principal  towns  of  the  Obi  val- 
ley.    Pop.  4212. 

Iredell,  ir'd^l,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  610  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  drained 
by  several  small  affluents  of  the  Yadkin  River.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad  and  the  Richmond 
&  Danville  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Statesville, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,931;  in  1880,  22,675;  in 
1890,  25,462, 

Iredell,  a  post- village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  74  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  251. 

Iregh,  ee^rSg',  a  town  of  Hongary,  oo.  of  Tolna,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Yeszprim.     Pop.  2857.    It  has  a  castle. 

Iregh,  or  Uregn,  li^rSg'  (?),  a  town  of  Hungary,  in 
Slavonia,  co.  of  Syrmia,  12  miles  S.  of  Peterwardein,  with 
a  castle  and  a  breeding-stud.     Pop.  4357. 

I'rek,  or  I'rak,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  47  miles  S.E. 
of  Samsoon.     Pop.  6000. 

Ireland,  ir'lqjid  (Erse,  Erin,  &'rin,  usually  pronounced 
ee'rin;  Fr.  Irlande,  ecR^lfisd';  Sp.  Irlanda,  eeR-l&n'd&; 
Ger.  Irland,  SSR'l&nt ;  L.  Hiber'nia,  Iver^na,  or  Inver'nia ; 
Gr.  'lepi^,  ler'ne),  the  more  western  of  the  two  principaJ 
islands  of  which  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  is  composed,  between  lat.  51°  25'  and  55°  23'  N. 
and  Ion.  6°  20'  and  10°  20'  W.  It  has  the  Atlantic  on  all 
sides  except  the  E.,  where  it  is  separated  from  Great  Britain 
by  St.  George's  Channel,  the  Irish  Sea,  and  the  North  Chan- 
nel. Length,  from  Fair  Head  to  Mizzen  Head,  about  300 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  170  miles.  Area,  including  the  ad- 
jacent islands,  32,393  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1871, 5,412,377; 
in  1881,  5,174,836;  in  1891,  4,706,162. 

Ireland  is  divided  into  4  provinces  and  32  counties,  the 
areas  and  populations  of  which  are  -driven  in  the  following 
table : 


Carlow 

Dublin 

Klldare 

Kilkenny 

King's  County... 

Longford 

Louth 

Meath 

Queen's  County.. 
Westmeath ....... 

Wexford 

Wicklow 


Leinster.. 


Clare 

Cork 

Kerry ».., 

Limerlclc 

^Hpperary...... 

Waterford 


Munster.. 


Antrim............... 

Armagh 

Cavan 

Donegal 

Down 

Fermanagh m. 

Londonderry 

Monaghan mm. 

Tyrone 


Ulster. 


Galway 

Leitrim 

Mayo 

Boscommon.. 
SUgo 


Connanght m..>... 

Total 


ij-^    Pop.  1881. 


346 
354 
654 
796 
772 
421 
315 
906 
664 
700 
901 
782 


46,668 

418,910 
75,804 
99,531 
72,852 
61,009 
77,684 
87,469 
73,124 
71,798 

123,854 
70,386 


7,611 


1,278,989 


1,294 
2,885 
1,862 
1,064  I 
1,659  i 
721  I 


141,457 
495,607 
801,039 
180,632 
199,612 
112,768 


9,475   1,831.115 


1,164 
512 
746 

1,870 
967 
714 
816 
500 

1,260 


8,549 


2,342 
613 

2431 
950 
722 


6,758 


421,943 
163,177 
129,476 
206,035 
272,107 
84,879 
164,991 
102,748 
197,719 


1,743,075 


242,005 
90,372 
245,212 
132,490 
111,678 


881,667 


6,174,836 


Pop.  1891. 


40,899 
429,111 
69,988 
87,154 
65,408 
52,553 
70,852 
76,616 
64,639 
65,028 
111,536 
61,934 


1,195,718 


123,859 
436,641 
178,919 
158,563 
172,882 
98,130 


1,168,994 


427,968 
143,056 
111,679 
186,211 
266,893 

74,037 
161,666 

86,089 
171,278 


1,617,877 


214,256 

78,379 

218,406 

114,194 

98,338 


723,573 


4,706,162 


Religious  denominations :     Roman   Catholics  in   1871, 
4,150,867;   in  1891,  3,649,745;    Protestant  EpisoopaliaM 


i/ 


'^  ..  ^     f 


l^te 


1470 


IB£ 


in  1871,  667,998;  in  1891,  600,830;  Presbyterians  in  1871, 
497,648;  in  1891,  446,687;  Methodists  in  1871,  43,441; 
in  1891,  55,235. 

Ireland  is  of  a  rhomboidal  form,  with  a  waved  contin- 
uous outline  on  the  E,  coast,  but  indented  by  deep  inlets  on 
its  other  sides,  with  rock-bound  coasts  N.  and  W.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  level.  Most  of  its  mountains,  as  the  Wicklow, 
Moume,  Donegal,  Mayo,  Galway,  and  Kerry,  are  in  isolated 
groups  towards  the  coasts  and  extremities  of  the  island,  sur- 
rounding a  central  plain  comprising  a  large  extent  of  bog- 
land  and  traversed  by  a  few  low  hill-ranges.  Carran-tual, 
in  the  MaoGilliouddy  Eeeks,  Kerry,  is  the  highest  summit, 
and  rises  to  3404  feet.  Granite,  flanked  by  Silurian  strata, 
forms  the  Wicklow  range  of  mountains  on  the  E.  coast. 
The  same  rocks  prevail  in  the  Moume  Mountains,  and  an 
extensive  trap  formation  in  Antrim  of  800  square  miles  is 
succeeded  by  clay-slate  on  the  W.  Granite  again  appears 
in  the  Galway  Mountains,  and  the  old  red  sandstone  exten- 
sively prevails  in  Munster.  The  great  plain  in  the  centre, 
250  to  300  feet  above  the  sea,  is  formed  of  carboniferous 
limestone,  and  contains  six  coal  districts,  the  Leinster  or 
Castle-Comer,  the  Slieve-Ardagh  in  Tipperary,  the  Munster, 
the  Lough  Allen,  the  Monaghan,  and  the  Tyrone,  besides  a 
small  coal-field  in  Antrim.  But  few  collieries  are  wrought, 
and  the  output  is  small.  The  coal  raised  S.  of  Dublin  is 
anthracite,  that  in  the  N.  is  bituminous.  Besides  the  coal, 
Ireland  possesses  two  other  species  of  fuel,  viz.,  lignite  and 
turf  or  peat.  The  former  is  found  in  dense  strata  encom- 
passing the  S.  half  of  Lough  Neagh;  while  the  turf  occupies 
nearly  one-seventh  of  the  entire  area.  Copper  and  lead 
are  found  in  the  Silurian  and  mountain  limestone  strata. 
Black  marble  is  in  almost  inexhaustible  quantity  in  the 
district  of  Connemara.  The  lower  chalk  and  greensand 
formations  partially  prevail,  but  there  are  no  tertiary  beds. 
Copper-mines  are  operated  in  the  counties  of  Cork,  Water- 
ford,  and  Wicklow.  Lead  is  widely  diffused,  but  is  wrought 
chiefly  in  the  granitic  district  of  Wicklow.  A  small  quan- 
tity of  silver  is  found  in  the  various  lead-mines.  Zinc 
occurs  at  Silvermines,  Tipperary,  but  the  quantity  ob- 
tained has  decreased  greatly.  Other  minerals  useful  in 
the  arts  and  manufactures  are  sulphur,  manganese,  anti- 
mony, nickel,  iron,  iron  and  copper  pyrites,  tin,  alum, 
marble,  roofing-slates,  building-stones,  and  rock  salt. 

The  country  is  well  watered.  Principal  rivers,  the  Shan- 
non, Barrow,  Blackwater,  Suir,  Nore,  Bann,  Foyle,  Boyne, 
Slaney,  Liffey,  Bandon,  and  Erne.  Principal  lakes — termed 
loughs — are  Neagh,  Erne,  Allen,  Corrib,  Mask,  Conn, 
Rea,  and  Derg,  and  the  famed  Lakes  of  Killarney.  The 
aggregate  surface  of  these  lakes  is  estimated  at  336  square 
miles.  Loughs  Strangford,  Belfast,  Foyle,  and  Swilly,  on  the 
N.  and  N.E.  coast,  are  inlets  of  the  sea.  Other  principal 
inlets  are  Dundrum,  Carlingford,  Dundalk,  and  Dublin 
Bays,  and  Wexford  harbor,  on  the  E. ;  Bantry,  Dunmanus, 
Dingle,  Tralee,  Galway,  Clew,  Blacksod,  Killala,  Sligo,  Don- 
egal, and  Guibarra  Bays,  with  the  estuaries  of  the  Shannon 
and  Kenmare  Rivers,  on  the  W. ;  and  Waterford,  Dungar- 
van,  and  Cork  harbors,  on  the  S.  coast.  Ireland  is  much 
indented  by  the  sea,  no  locality  being  above  50  miles  from 
its  shores ;  and  this,  together  with  its  exposure  to  the  warm 
winds  from  the  Atlantic,  conduces  to  the  general  mildness 
and  moisture  of  its  climate.  The  mean  annual  temperature 
ranges  from  48°  Fahr.  in  the  N.  to  52°  in  the  S. ;  mean 
summer,  60.5°;  mean  winter,  30.9°.  Average  annual 
rainfall,  33.99  inches.  Westerly  winds  prevail  for  nine 
months  in  the  year.  Plants  that  require  artificial  heat  in 
England  flourish  here  in  the  open  air.  The  broad-leaved 
myrtle  grows  luxuriantly  in  some  southern  counties,  and  the 
arbutus-unedo,  menziesia,  and  other  plants  of  South  Europe 
flourish;  while  Alpine  plants  of  the  extreme  north  of 
Europe  are  also  found  on  some  of  the  mountains. 

Farms  are  generally  very  small.  About  nine-tenths  of 
the  lands  were  confiscated  by  the  governments  of  James 
I.,  Cromwell,  and  William  III.,  and  bestowed  on  English 
proprietors,  by  whose  descendants  the  bulk  of  Irish  prop- 
erty is  still  possessed.  Potatoes  long  formed  the  staple 
crop  and  food  of  the  Irish  peasantry,  till  the  failure  of  the 
potato-crop  in  1845,  '46,  and  '47,  which  led  to  a  famine  and 
to  the  emigration  of  many  of  the  people.  Many  vessels  are 
employed  in  the  fisheries  around  the  coasts,  where  herrings, 
nilchards,  cod,  ling,  and  hake  are  among  the  more  plentiful 
kinds  taken,  and  in  the  estuaries,  where  salmon  and  eels 
are  abundant.  The  wolf  and  Irish  elk  formerly  existed  in 
Ireland,  and  bones  of  the  latter  have  been  found.  Venom- 
ous reptiles  are  unknown.  Manufactures  consist  of  paper, 
glass,  tobacco,  and  especially  linen  goods,  the  chief  seat  of 
which  latter  is  Ulster.  The  manufacture  of  linen  has 
greatly  revived  since  the  application  of  machinery  to  the 


spinning  of  yam  and  the  introduction  of  the  power-loom 
in  weaving.  The  malt-trade  and  the  distilling  of  whisky 
are  extensively  carried  on.  In  the  north  of  Ireland  many 
persons  are  employed  in  working  patterns  on  muslins  with 
the  needle.  Belfast  is  the  centre  of  this  manufacture. 
Coarse  woollen  stuffs  are  made  in  the  centre  of  the  country, 
besides  mixed  stuffs  and  silks  in  Dublin,  Waterford,  and 
other  principal  cities.  Principal  exports  are  raw  produce, 
wheat,  oats,  flour,  butter,  bacon,  beef,  eggs,  wool,  flax,  ore, 
and  spirits.  Imports  comprise  coal,  fish,  salt,  woollen  and 
cotton  yarn  and  fabrics,  and  colonial  produce. 

The  Grand  and  Royal  Canals  intersect  the  countrj'  from 
E.  to  W.,  and  connect  Dublin  with  the  Shannon ;  the 
Ulster  Canal  connects  Lough  Erne  with  Lough  Neagh,  and 
thence  by  the  Lagan  Canal  Belfast  communicates  with  the 
W.  coast.  All  the  principal  towns  are  connected  with  one 
another  and  with  Dublin  by  rail.  Lines  of  electric  tele- 
graph-wires have  been  laid  between  the  chief  towns,  and 
submarine  lines  connect  England  with  Ireland,  and  Ireland 
with  Newfoundland. 

Ireland  has,  since  1800,  been  represented  in  the  British 
House  of  Lords  by  28  temporal  peers  elected  for  life,  and 
also,  prior  to  the  disestablishment  of  the  Irish  church,  by  4 
spiritual  peers ;  and  since  the  Reform  Act  of  1832,  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  by  103  members,  viz.,  two  elected  by 
each  county,  two  by  each  of  the  cities  Dublin,  Cork,  Lim- 
erick, and  Waterford,  the  towns  Belfast  and  Galway,  and 
Dublin  University,  and  one  by  each  of  25  other  boroughs. 
The  electoral  franchise  rests  with  much  the  same  classes  as  in 
England ;  in  boroughs  the  parliamentary  right  of  voting  is 
vested  in  a  il.  rating  occupation.  The  local  government  is 
vested  in  the  lord-lieutenant,  assisted  by  the  secretary  for 
Ireland  and  a  privy  council  nominated  by  the  crown.  The 
judicial  power  is  with  the  lord-chancellor,  the  master  of 
the  rolls,  and  12  circuit  judges.  Each  county  has  a  lieu- 
tenant, aided  by  an  indefinite  number  of  deputy-lieutenants 
and  a  police-force  appointed  by  the  crown.  In  1869  an  act 
was  passed  by  which  from  January  1,  1871,  the  Protestant 
church  in  Ireland  was  disendowed  and  ceased  to  be  a  state 
establishment,  placing  all  religions  on  the  same  footing. 
The  Episcopal  church  consists  of  2  archbishoprics  (Ar- 
magh and  Dublin)  and  10  bishoprics  ;  the  Roman  Catholic 
church  has  4  archbishoprics  and  24  bishoprics ;  and  the 
Presbyterian  church  36  presbyteries.  The  Roman  Catholics 
are  by  far  the  most  numerous,  comprising  77  per  cent,  of 
the  whole  popalation  ;  the  Protestants  are  most  prevalent  in 
Ulster  and  in  parts  of  Leinster.  The  national  schools  are 
aided  by  annual  parliamentary  grants.  There  is  a  univer- 
sity in  Dublin,  also  a  prosperous  Roman  Catholic  univer- 
sity, and  colleges  have  been  endowed  by  government  in 
Cork,  Galway,  and  Belfast.  There  are  several  denomina- 
tional colleges. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Irish  are  descendants  of  the  abori- 
ginal Celts,  witn  an  admixture  towards  the  north  of  Saxons, 
and  in  later  times  of  English  and  Scottish  emigrants.  Their 
dark  complexion  and  smaller  and  more  slender  form  of  body, 
as  well  as  their  more  volatile  temperament,  distinguish  the 
Irish  from  the  Saxon.  The  Erse,  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic,  is 
the  native  language,  and  is  now  chiefly  used  in  the  west  part 
of  the  country.  There  are  considerable  numbers  of  persons 
speaking  Irish  only.  In  the  year  432,  Christianity  was  in- 
troduced by  St.  Patrick.  From  the  eighth  to  the  twelfth 
century  the  country  waa  the  scene  of  perpetual  warfare 
between  the  petty  kings  and  their  chiefs.  In  1174,  Henry 
II.  of  England  conquered  a  part  of  the  country  and  por- 
tioned it  out  among  his  Anglo-Norman  followers.  In  the 
reign  of  King  John  the  division  into  counties  took  place, 
and  English  laws  and  customs  were  partially  introduced. 
But  the  powerful  barons  continued  to  resist  the  government 
of  Henry  VII.,  Elizabeth,  and  James  I.,  with  repeated 
outbreaks.  The  most  memorable  risings  in  later  times  were 
in  1641, 1689,  and  1798.  In  1800  the  parliamentary  union 
of  Ireland  with  Great  Britain  took  place.  In  1829  the 
Roman  Catholic  Emancipation  Act  was  passed,  in  1832  the 
Irish  Reform  Bill,  in  1838  the  Poor  Law  Bill.  In  1844  the 
Irish  repeal  agitation  was  at  its  height,  and  in  1848  an  in- 
surrection of  the  populace  took  place,  but  was  speedily  put 
down.  In  August,  1866,  owing  to  an  insurrection  of  the 
Fenians,  the  "  Habeas  Corpus  Act"  was  suspended,  and  seri- 
ous encounters  between  the  rebels  and  the  military  occurred 
in  March,  1867.  Later  events  of  interest  have  been  the 
disestablishment  of  the  Episcopal  church,  the  passage  of 
the  Land-Tenure  Bill,  and  the  nome-rule  movement. 

Ireland,  ir'land,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  mill. 

Ireland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  1  mile 
from  Holyoke  proper,  of  which  city  it  now  forms  a  part. 


IRE 


1471 


mo 


and  8  or  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  ohurohes, 
•  Boap-factory,  and  several  fine  residences, 

Ireland,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ireland,  Ontario.    See  MacGit.livray. 

Ireland  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Ireland's  Eye,  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Irish  Sea,  1  mile 
N.  of  Howth  Harbor,  in  the  N.E.  of  Dublin  Bay.  It  con- 
tains a  martello  tower  and  a  light-house. 

Ireland's  Eye,  a  small  island  in  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 17  miles  from  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  100. 

Ireland's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chenango 
co»,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich. 

Iren,  e-rfin'  or  e-rain',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Perm,  flows  circuitously,  and,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  about  150  miles,  joins  the  Silva. 

Ireton,  ir't9n,  a  post- village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Orange  City.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.    Pop.  412. 

Irgheez,  Irghiz,  iR-gheez',  or  Ooloo-  (Ulu-)  Ir- 
ghiz,  ooMoo'-lR-gheez',  a  river  of  Toorkistan,  rises  in  Lake 
Chalkar,  lat.  51°  20'  N.,  Ion.  61°  25'  E.,  flows  S.  and  S.E., 
joins  the  Kara-Targhai,  and  falls  into  Lake  Aksakal  ("white 
water").     Total  course,  about  300  miles. 

Irgheez-  (or  Irghiz-)  Bolchoi,  iR-gheez'-bo^choi', 
a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Saratov,  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Karalyts  and  the  Kamelik,  and,  after  a  oir- 
euitous  course  of  about  130  miles,  joins  the  Volga. 

Irgheez-  (or Irghiz-)  Maloi,lR-gheez'-miMoy', rises 
in  the  government  of  Saratov,  N.  of  the  Irgheez-Bolchoi, 
and,  flowing  nearly  parallel  to  it,  joins  the  Volga  between 
the  towns  of  Khvalynsk  and  Volsk. 

Irghendab,  a  river  of  Afghanistan.   See  Urghundaub. 

Iria  Flavia,  the  ancient  name  of  Padron. 

Irigny,  eeVeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rh8ne,  on 
the  railway  to  Saint- Etienne.     Pop.  1345. 

Iris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Yeshil-Irmak. 

I'risburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  30  miles 
W.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Irish  Bend,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La. 

Irish  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  Cape  Breton  Island,  33  miles 
S.W.  of  Sydney,     Pop.  300. 

Irish  Creek,  or  Jas'per,  a  post-village  in  Grenville 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Brockville  A  Ottawa  Railway,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Brockville.     Pop.  750. 

Irish  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  C,  18  miles 
S,S,E.  of  Barnesville, 

Irish  Ripple,  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.    See  Newport. 

I'rish  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  extending 
between  lat.  51°  40'  and  54°  30'  N.  and  Ion,  3°  and  6°  W,, 
having  W,  Ireland,  N.  Scotland,  E.  England,  and  S.  Wales. 
On  the  S.W.  it  is  continuous  with  St.  George's  Channel,  and 
communicates  with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  N.  by  the  North 
Channel.  It  contains  the  Isle  of  Man  and  Anglesey,  with 
Holyhead  and  some  smaller  islands. 

Irki,  ir'kee  or  eer'kee,  a  town  of  North  India,  in  Gurh- 
wal,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Belaspoor. 

Irkoot,  Irkout,  or  Irkut,  ir^koot'  or  iR^koot',  a  river 
of  Siberia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  rises  near  the  frontiers 
of  China,  and,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  220  miles,  joins 
the  Angara  at  the  town  of  Irkootsk, 

Irkootsk,  Irkontsk,  or  Irkutsk,  ir^kootsk'  or  1r^- 
kootsk',  a  city  of  Siberia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Irkootsk,  and  of  Eastern  Siberia,  on  the  Angara,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Irkoot,  30  miles  from  the  N.W,  shore  of  Lake 
Baikal,  Lat,  52°  17'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  104°  16'  21"  E.  It  is 
fortifled,  and  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
Angara,  here  crossed  by  a  long  wooden  bridge.  Viewed  from 
the  E.,  it  has  a  flne  appearance,  with  its  15  churches  and 
their  spires,  its  convents  and  hospitals.  Many  of  its  public 
edifices,  with  some  private  dwellings,  are  built  of  stone,  the 
rest  being  of  wood.  It  has  a  citadel,  several  suburbs,  a 
good  bazaar,  an  exchange,  the  Baikal  admiralty-house,  some 
building-docks  on  the  river,  the  governor's  house,  theatre, 
prison,  and  numerous  public  schools,  among  which  are  a 
medical  college,  a  gymnasium,  with  a  library,  a  high  school, 
a  seminary  for  youth  of  the  native  tribes,  and  a  female 
orphan  school ;  also  an  imperial  woollen-factory,  and  manu- 
factures of  linens,  leather,  glass,  and  soap.  It  is  the  great 
ontrepdt  for  the  commerce  of  Northeast  Asia,  and  sends 
tea,  rhubarb,  fruits,  paper,  silks,  porcelain,  and  other  Chi- 
nese produce,  with  furs  and  ivory,  to  Russia,  in  exchange 
for  European  goods.  It  has  also  some  trade  with  Khokan 
and  Bokhara,  and  a  large  fair  in  June.  Irkootsk  is  the 
•ee'  of  an  archbishop.     Pop.  in  1884,  36,117. 

Irkootsk,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Eastern  Siberia, 


bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Chinese  Mongolia,  and  on  the  S.E 
by  Lake  Baikal.  It  is  rich  in  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
and  iron.  Extensive  forests  cover  a  great  portion  of  the 
government.  Barley  and  rye  are  the  chief  crojps;  the 
climate  is  too  cold  for  fruit-trees.  Capital,  Irkootsk.  Pop. 
358,629,  comprising  Russian  exiles,  Cossacks,  and  different 
tribes  of  Buriats,  Toongooses,  and  Mongols. 

Irland,  Irlanda,  Irlande.    See  Ireland. 

Irnis,  the  German  name  of  Giornico. 

Irodoner,  ee^ro^dwaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ule-et- 
Vilaine,  arrondissement  of  Montfort.     Pop.  1896. 

Iron,  I'urn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Black  River  and  small  affluents  of  the  St. 
Francis  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  walnut,  cedar,  Ac. 
Among  its  prominent  features  is  the  Pilot  Knob,  a  conical 
hill  which  is  about  1500  feet  above  the  sea-level  and  is  rich 
in  good  iron  ore.  This  hill  is  said  to  be  581  feet  higher 
than  the  adjacent  plain.  Indian  com,  oats,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  soil,  which  is  partly  based  on 
limestone.  Marble,  lead,  and  nickel  are  said  to  be  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Iron- 
ton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6278;  in 
1880,  8183;  in  1890,  9119. 

Iron,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Utah,  is  intersected  by 
the  Colorado  River.  Area,  3436  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  with  mountains  and  arid  plains  or  table- 
lands in  which  water  and  timber  are  scarce.  The  soil 
requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  a  long  range  called  the  Wahsatch  Mountains. 
Capital,  Parowan.  Pop.  in  1870,  2277 ;  in  1880,  4013 ;  in 
1890,  2683. 

iron,  a  township  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1118. 

Iron,  a  township  of  St.  Franjois  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2555. 

Iron,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Iro'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Og- 
densburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of 
Malone.     It  has  several  iron-forges,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ironbonnd  (i'um-b5wnd)  Island,  a  huge  rock  in  the 
Atlantic,  ofi"  the  entrance  to  La  Have  River,  Nova  Scotia. 
It  has  a  light-house. 

Iron  (I'urn)  Bridge,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of 
Mount  Pleasant. 

Iron  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Gregg  co.,  Tex. 

Iron  Cape,  Flores  Island.    See  Flores  Head. 

Iron  City,  an  oil  town  or  hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
in  Elk  township. 

Irondale,  I'urn-dale,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  oo., 
Ala.,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  about  500. 

Irondale,  a  station  in  Lyon  co.,  Ey.,  on  the  Louisville 
A  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Eddyville. 

Irondale,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  70  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  furnace  for 
pig-iron.     Iron  ore  is  found  near  it. 

Irondale,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Harlem  Railroad,  95  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York. 

Irondale,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles 
N.  of  Whitehall. 

Irondale,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  C,  37  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Alliance,  and  about  3  miles  from  the  Ohio 
River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  tin-works, 
and  manufactures  of  galvanized  and  sheet  iron.  Coal  and 
iron  ore  are  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  694. 

I^rondequoit',  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo,,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  wine. 

Irondeqnoit  Bay,  New  York,  extends  S.  from  Lake 
Ontario  into  Monroe  co.     Length,  5  or  6  miles. 

Irondeqnoit  Creek,  New  York,  drains  the  E.  part 
of  Monroe  oo.,  and  enters  Irondequoit  Bay  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Rochester. 

Iron  (i'urn)  Duff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  oo., 
N.C.,  35  miles  S.  of  Wolf  Creek  Station,  Tenn.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Iron  Fnr'nace,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad  (at 
Webster  Station),  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  ha8 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 

Iron  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky. 

Iron  Hill,  a  station  in  Dent  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louif, 
Salem  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Salem. 

Iron  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 


IRO 


1472 


IRR 


Iron  Hill,  or  Brome  Woods,  a  post-Tillage  in 
Brome  oo.,  Quebec,  8  miles  N.B.  of  Sweetsburgh.    Pop.  160. 

Iron  Hills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Dubuque,  It  baa  1  or 
2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ironia,  e-ro'n^-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Randolph  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  and  a  station  on  the  Chester  Branch  of 
the  Morris  <fc  Essex  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chester. 
Iron  is  mined  here. 

Iron  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

Iron  Mountain,  Missouri,  a  hill  in  St.  Franjois  co., 
about  80  miles  S.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It  is  about  300 
feet  higher  than  the  adjacent  plain.  It  consists  mainly  of 
good  iron  ore  (hematite),  piled  "in  masses  of  all  sizes,  from 
a  pigeon's  egg  to  a  middle-sized  church."  This  ore  contains 
about  70  per  cent,  of  metal. 

Iron  Mountain,  Virginia,  is  a  long  ridge,  extending 
between  the  cos.  of  Grayson  and  Smyth,  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  state.  The  highest  peak  rises  about  4200  feet  above 
the  sea-level. 

Iron  Mountain,  a  city  of  Michigan,  capital  of  Dick- 
inson CO.,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  two  railways,  51 
miles  W.  of  Escanaba.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  extensive  iron-mines,  and  ships  great  quan- 
tities of  excellent  ore.     Pop.  8599. 

Iron  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  St.  Franj^ois  oo., 
Mo.,  81  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  ha«  4 
churches,  and  rich  iron-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1001. 

Iron  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex. 

Iron  Mount  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C., 
25  miles  from  Johnson  City,  Tenn.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
iron-forge  or  furnace. 

Iron  Point,  a  station  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  28 
miles  E.  of  Winnemucoa. 

Iron  Ridge,  a  post- village  of  Crawford  oo..  Mo.,  in 
Knobview  township,  near  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
100  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a  rich 
iron-mine,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Iron  Ridge,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hano- 
ver <fc  York  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Iron  Ridge,  a  post- village  of  Dodge  oo..  Wis.,  in  Hub- 
bard township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <&  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road and  the  Fond  du  Lac,  Amboy  &  Peoria  Railroad,  47 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  a  church.     Iron  is  found  here. 

Iron  River,  a  post-town  of  Iron  co.,  Mich.,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Iron  Mountain.  It  has  large  mining  inter- 
ests.    Pop.  in  1890,  1117. 

Ironside,  i'urn-side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Va., 
38  miles  W.N.W.'  of  Danville. 

Ironside,  i'urn-side,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  Gatineau  River,  5i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ot- 
*awa.     It  has  valuable  iron-mines.     Pop.  100. 

Iron  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co..  Ark. 

Iron  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Lincolnton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Iron  Stone,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Eastern  division  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Iron  Stone,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cole- 
brookdale  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pottstown. 

Iron  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  (at  Hancock  Station),  30 
miles  W.  of  Rolla.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ironton,  i'urn-t9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iron  co.. 
Mo.,  in  Arcadia  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
A  Southern  Railroad,  88  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  Pilot  Knob.  Gtood  iron  ore  and  granite  abound 
near_  this  place.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches, 
public  schools,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs, 
wagons,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop  in  1890,  965. 

Ironton,  a  station  in  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buflfalo 
&  Niagara  Falls  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
16  miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Tonawanda. 

Ironton,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2084. 

Ironton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  10  miles  from  the  most  southern  point  of  the 
state,  142  miles  by  river  E.S.E.  from  Cincinnati,  and  163 
miles  by  rail  from  Dayton.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the 
Cincinnati,  Dayton  &  Ironton  Railroad.  The  city  is  built 
on  a  small  plain,  or  bottom,  at  the  base  of  hills  abounding 
in  iron  ore  and  bituminous  coal.  It  has  16  churches,  2 
national  and  2  private  banks,  a  high  school,  4  weekly 
newspapers,  and  a  public  library.    Here  are  several  rolling- 


mills,  iron-foundries,  furnaces,  and  other  manufactories. 
Iron  is  the  chief  export.  Facilities  are  excellent  for  food 
supplies  and  transportation.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,939. 

Ironton,  a  post'-village  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in  North 
Whitehall  township,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  AUentown.    It  has 

2  churches,  2  hotels,  and  an  iron-mine.  The  Ironton  Rail- 
road extends  hence  to  Coplay.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ironton,  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.,  in  Ironton 
township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Portage  City,  and  2i  miles 
S.W.  of  Lavalle  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-blast- 
furnace, a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1311. 

Irontown,  i'um-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Grafton.     It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Ironville,  i'urn-vil,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Ironville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Crown 
Point  township,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Crow\i  Point  village. 
It  has  a  church,  an  iron-forge,  a  saw-mill,  <io. 

Ironville,  a  hamlet  of  Blair  oo..  Pa.,  in  Snyder  town- 
ship, 1  mile  from  Tyrone. 

ironville,  a  sUition  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Read- 
ing &  Columbia  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Ironwood,  I'urn-wood,  a  city  of  Gogebic  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Bessemer.  It  has  6  churches,  3 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  iron-works.     Pop.  7745. 

Iroquois,  Ir'o-kwoy,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1120  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iroquois  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Sugar  Creek.  The  greater  part  of  this 
county  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central, 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Peoria  &  West- 
ern, and  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroads,  the  latter  two 
passing  through  Watseka,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop 
in  1870,  25,782;  in  1880,  35,451;  in  1890,  35,167. 

Iroquois,  or  Six  Nations,  the  name  given  by  the 
French  to  the  Indian  confederacy  of  the  Mohawks,  Oneidas^ 
Onondagas,  Cayugas,  and  Senecas,  afterwards  joined  by  the 
Tusca'roras  on  the  latter  being  driven  from  their  hunting- 
grounds  in  North  Carolina.  The  remains  of  this  once  for- 
midable confederacy  are  still  scattered  through  the  state 
of  New  York  and  the  provinces  of  Quebec  and  Ontario,  the 
Canadian  Iroquois  being  in  part  of  other  tribes  than  those 
named  above,  and  the  whole  being  regarded  as  forming  a 
distinct  branch  of  the  American  race. 

Iroquois,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co..  III.,  on  the 
Iroquois  River,  80  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-yard,  and  steam  saw-  and 
tile-mills.     Pop.  393. 

Iroquois,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  18 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Huron.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  133. 

Iroquois,  or  Matil'da,  a  village  in  Dundas  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Point  Iroquois  Canal,  and  on  a  railway,  13' 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Prescott,  and  99  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  several  mills  and  factories,  2  churches,  about  20  stores,. 

3  hotels,  and  an  export  trade  in  flour,  &c.     Pop.  781. 
Iroquois  River,  or  Pick'amink,  rises  in  Jasper  co., 

Ind.,  and  runs  westward  to  Watseka,  in  Illinois.  It  flows 
thence  northward  through  Iroquois  co.,  and  enters  tha 
Kankakee  River  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  the  village  of  Kan- 
kakee, in  Illinois.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Irpen,  ir-pfin',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Kiev,  flows  E.,  then  N.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
100  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  20  miles  above  Kiev. 

Ir^rawad'dy  (written  also  Irrawadi,  or  Irawadi. 
originally  Erivati,  the  "great  river"),  one  of  the  great 
rivers  of  Southeast  Asia,  is  supposed  to  rise  in  Thibet,  near 
lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  97°  30'  E.,  flows  generally  S.,  traversing 
Burmah  and  British  Burmah,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean 
(Bay  of  Bengal),  by  numerous  mouths,  E.  of  Cape  Negrais, 
in  lat.  16°  1'  N.,  Ion.  94°  E.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  1200 
miles.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Khyen-Dwem,  Mo- 
gouny,  Bhamo,  and  Lung-Tchuen  Rivers.  In  lat.  17°  N. 
it  separates  into  numerous  arms,  which  cover  a  large  part 
of  British  Burmah  with  a  network  of  ramifications,  and  the 
Rangoon  and  Bassein  branches  form  the  E.  and  W.  bound- 
aries of  its  delta,  a  region  comprising  upwards  of  10,000^ 
square  miles,  covered  with  teak  forests  and  grass-jungles 
interspersed  with  rice-grounds.  The  main  stream,  from 
the  head  of  the  delta  to  Yedan  above  Ava,  varies  from  1  ta 

4  miles  in  breadth,  and  may  always  be  ascended  to  Ava 
from  the  sea  by  vessels  of  200  tons,  which,  during  the  rains, 
can  reach  Bhamo.  River-steamers  at  present  greatly  facil'- 
tate  commerce  on  this  river. 


IBB 


1473 


ISA 


Irrlich,  egR'liK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  the 
eonfluence  of  the  Wield  with  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1250. 

Irsa,  ggR'sSh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  9 
miles  from  Czegled.     Pop.  1900. 

Irthingy  ir'thing,  a  river  of  England,  joins  the  Eden 
near  Newby,  after  a  S.  course  of  26  miles. 

Ir'tish)  Ir'tysh,  or  Irtisch  (Rass.  pron.  88R-ti8h'),  a 
river  of  Asia,  rises  in  the  Altai  Mountains,  near  lat.  47°  N., 
Ion.  89°  E.,  and  flows  N.W.  through  Soongaria  (in  Chinese 
'  Toorkistan)  and  West  Siberia.  It  traverses  Lake  Zaisan, 
and  joins  the  Obi  180  miles  N.  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  upwards  of  1900  miles,  by  far  the  greater  part 
of  which  is  in  the  Russian  territories.  Its  principal  affluents 
on  the  right  are  the  Om,  Tara,  Shish,  Tui,  and  Demianka, 
and  on  the  left  the  Tunduk,  Osha,  Ishim,  Vagal,  Tobol,  and 
Konda  or  Mulina.  The  country  around  its  upper  portions 
is  one  of  the  best  agricultural  districts  in  Siberia. 

Iruil)  e-roon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  near  the 
Bidassoa  and  the  frontier  of  France,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
St.  Sebastian.    Pop.  2765. 

Irupana,  e-roo-p^'n&,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
and  50  miles  E.  of  La  Paz. 

Irvin,  Howard  co.,  Ind.    See  Ebvin. 

Irvine )  ir'vin,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  rises  on 
the  borders  of  Lanarkshire,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
20  miles,  joins  the  Firth  of  Clyde  by  an  estuary. 

Irvine^  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Firth  of 
Clyde,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Irvine,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  Glasgow.  The  town  is  lighted  with  gas  and  well  sup- 
plied with  water.  It  has  an  academy,  endowed  and  other 
schools,  libraries,  a  news-room,  4  branch  banks,  and  a 
oustom-house.  Its  harbor  is  provided  with  a  good  quay 
and  has  received  recent  improvements.  The  weaving  of 
book -muslins,  jaconets,  and  checks  employs  many  hands; 
it  has  also  rope-walks,  tanneries,  large  chemical  works, 
foundries,  and  distilleries.  Coal  forms  the  principal  article 
of  export.  The  borough  unites  with  Ayr,  Campbeltown, 
Oban,  and  Inverary  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.,  with  Fullarton  (a  suburban  part),  8439. 

Irvine^  ^r'vin,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Estill  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Kentucky  River,  about  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  iron  and  wool.  It  is  near  the  Estill  Springs,  a 
watering-place.     Pop.  224. 

Irvine,  Oregon.    See  Irving. 

Irvine,  or  Irvineton,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co., 
Pa.,  in  Brokenstraw  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Brokenstraw  Creek,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corry, 
6  miles  W.  of  Warren,  and  29  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville. 
It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Pittsburgh  Titusville  &  Buffalo 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Philadelphia  &>  Erie  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  <fc  Pitts- 
burg Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Irvine,  ^r'vin,  or  Dublin  Range,  a  post-village  in 
Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Becancour  Station. 

Ir'vinestown,  or  Low'therstown,  a  town  of  Ire- 
land, on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Enniskillen.     Pop.  787. 

Irving,  ^r'ving,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111., 
in  Irving  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. 54  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alton,  and  17  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Litchfield.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  630. 

Irving,  a  post-village  of  Iowa,  on  Salt  Creek,  and  on 
the  boundary  oetween  Benton  and  Tama  cos.,  about  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Marengo,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Belle  Plain.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  collegiate  institute,  and  a  grist-mill.  The 
post-office  is  in  Tama  co. 

Irving,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  743. 

Irving,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  374. 

Irving,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Big  Blue  River,  91  miles  W. 
of  Atchison,  and  about  33  miles  N.  of  Manhattan.  It  has 
an  academy  called  the  Wetmore  Institute,  a  newspaper  office, 
3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Irving,  a  station  in  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Irving,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Barry  oo.,  Mich., 
on  the  Thornapple  River,  and  on  the  Grand  River  Valley 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  Irving  township,  1126. 

Irving,  a  post-hamlet  in  Irving  township,  Kandiyohi 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Green  Lake,  and  on  the  creek 
which  issues  from  that  lake,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
Cloud.     Here  is  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  383. 

Irving,  a  post- village  of  Chautauqua  co.,    N.Y.,  on 


Cattaraugus  Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and 
about  i  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It  contains  1  or  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  355. 

Irving,  or  Irvine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Oregon  &>  California  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Eugene 
City.     It  has  a  store  and  2  warehouses  for  grain. 

Irving,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  in  Irving 
township,  on  Black  River,  8  miles  below  Black  River  Fklls, 
and  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1257. 

Irving  College,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Irving  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.W.  of 
Chicago. 

Irving  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  1  mil* 
S.W.  of  Irvington,  and  4  miles  from  Newark. 

Irviugton,  ^r'ving-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
00.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Cen- 
tralia,  and  106  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.  Pop.  about  300.  Here  is  the  Illinois  Agricul- 
tural College,  organized  in  1866. 

Irvington,  a  suburban  village  in  Warren  and  Centre 
townships,  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton 
&  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
contains  several  elegant  residences,  and  a  manufactory  of 
organs  which  employs  over  200  men.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Northwestern  Christian  University.     Pop.  650. 

Irvington,  a  village  in  Irvington  township,  Kossuth 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  5  miles 
below  Algona,  and  about  40  miles  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  Pop. 
of  township,  460. 

Irvington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Geneva  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  32 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Irvington,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  2  miles 
from  Warner,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church. 

Irvington,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Clinton 
township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  5  churches. 
Pop.  in  about  2000. 

Irvington,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  Tarrytown.  It  has  4  churches,  public  schools, 
and  horticultural  works.  Pop.  in  1890,  2299.  Here  is 
Sunny  Side,  the  former  residence  of  Washington  Irving. 

Irvington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  cu.,  S.C.,  in 
Old  Store  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chesterfield. 

Irvo'na,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  25  milea 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Bellwood.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public 
school,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Ir'well,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  after  a 
very  tortuous  S.  course  of  40  miles  joins  the  Mersey  at 
Flixton.  It  passes  Rochdale,  Bury,  and  Manchester,  at 
which  last  city  it  receives  the  Irk  and  the  Medloch. 

Irwin,  ^r'win,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia. 
Area,  601  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  AUapaha  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  not  fertile. 
It  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn,  Ac,  and  is  traversed  by 
the  Geoigia  Southern  <fc  Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Irwin- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  1837;  in  1880,  2696;  in  1890,  6316. 

Irwin,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kirkman.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Irwin,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  0.,  23  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Irwin,  or  Irwin's  Station,  a  post-borough  of  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Youghiogheny  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pittsburg,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Greensburg.  It  contaius  9 
churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  plate-glass  factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2428. 

Irwin's,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Vallonia. 

Irwin's,  Jackson  co.,  0.     See  Cahba. 

Irwinton,  9r'win-t9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wil- 
kinson CO.,  Ga.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Macon,  and  4 
miles  S.  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  (Mclntire  Sta« 
tion).  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the 
Talmage  Institute.     Pop.  of  Irwinton  township,  1838. 

Irwinville,  §r'win-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Irwin 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Is,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Hit. 

Isa,  ee's&,  or  Is'sa,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  gov- 


ISA 


1474 


ISE 


•rnment  of  Penza,  flows  N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
70  miles,  joins  the  Moksha  9  miles  below  Troitsk. 

Isa,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  lake  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Vitebsk,  and  joins  the  Velikaia.   Course,  65  miles. 

I'saac's  Harbor,  or  Stor'mont,  a  post-village  in 
Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  90 
miles  S.E.  of  New  Glasgow.  Several  gold-mines  are  worked 
here.     The  surrounding  scenery  is  picturesque.     Pop.  400. 

Isaba,  e-sA'aJ,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  province 
and  29  miles  N.E.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1100. 

Isabal,  a  village  of  Central  America.     See  Izabal. 

Isabel,  iz'a-bfil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Isabel,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  bordering  on  the 
Illinois  and  Spoon  Rivers.     Pop.  715. 

Isabel,  a  post-ofllce  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Is^abel'la,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chippewa  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  sources  of 
Pine  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  &c.     The  Flint  <fc  Pere  Mar- 

Juette  Railroad  traverses  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county, 
apital.  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  4113;  in  1880, 
12,159  ;  in  1890,  18,784. 

Isabella,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Pope  co.,  Ark. 

Isabella,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  near 
Isabella  Station,  which  is  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Isabella,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chip- 
pewa River,  contiguous  to  Mount  Pleasant.     Pop.  901. 

Isabella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.,  about  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Isabella,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of 
Reading.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Isabella,  e-s&-bdl'y§.,  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Mexico.     Lat.  21°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  W. 

Isabella,  a  port  on  the  N.  coast  of  Hayti,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Santiago.  Here  Columbus,  in  1493,  established 
the  first  European  settlement  in  the  New  World, 

Is'abelle,  or  Isabella,  a  township  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis., 
on  Lake  Pepin.     Pop.  225. 

Isabelle  River,  a  small  stream  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis., 
flows  southward  and  enters  Lake  Pepin. 

Isac,  ee^sik',  a  river  of  France,  in  the  department  of 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  46  miles, 
joins  the  Vilaine  opposite  Rieux. 

Isaca,  the  ancient  name  of  ExE. 

Isado'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worth  co..  Mo.,  18  miles  B. 
of  Hopkins,  and  about  65  miles  N.N.B.  of  St.  Joseph.  It 
has  a  steam  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Isakli,  e-s4k'lee,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  40  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Afioom. 

Isaktchi,  or  Isaktschi,  e-slk'chee,  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Silistria. 

Isala,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tssel. 

Isalco,  a  village  and  volcano  of  America.     See  Izalco. 

Isamal,  e-si-mJl',  or  Izamal,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Merida,  on  the  road  to  Valladolid. 

Isano,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Izzano, 

Isanotzkoi,  e-si-not'skoi,  one  of  the  straits  uniting 
Behring's  Sea  and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  separates  the 
island  of  Oonimak,  in  the  Aleutian  Archipelago,  from  the 
peninsula  of  Aliaska,  lat.  55°  N.,  and  is  about  24  miles 
long  by  9  miles  broad. 

Isanti,  i'san-te,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Rum  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  small  lakes 
and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Cambridge.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2035;  in  1880,  5063 ;  in  1890,  7607. 

Isanti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  on  or  near 
Rum  River,  about  2  miles  N.  of  Cambridge,  and  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Isanti 
township,  798. 

Isar,  ee'zar,  or  Iser,  ee'z^r  (anc.  Itara),  a  river  of 
Germany,  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  N.  of  Innspruck,  traverses 
Bavaria  N.W.,and  joins  the  Danube  on  the  right,  opposite 
Deggendorf.     Length,  165  miles. 

Isara,  the  ancient  name  of  the  IbSre. 

Isa  Somali,  Africa.    See  Eessah  Somauleb. 

Isau'ra,  or  Isau'ria,  a  famous  ancient  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  the  ruins  of  which  are  near  the  town  of  Hajilar,  45 


miles  W.  of  Karaman,  and  consist  of  a  fine  massive  wall 
with  hexagonal  towers,  a  triumphal  arch,  and  tombs. 

Isbarta,is-bar't&,a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  64  miles  N.  of 
Adalia. 

Isborsk,  is-boRsk',  a  small  town  of  Russia,  govemmenf 
and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pskov.  The  town,  founded  about 
862,  has  several  churches  and  a  ruined  castle. 

Isca,  an  ancient  name  of  Exeter. 

Iscanderoun,  Syria.    See  Iskanderoon. 

Isca  Silurnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Caerleon. 

Ischalis,  the  ancient  name  of  Ilchester. 

Ischan,  a  village  of  Central  Asia.    See  Isban. 

Ischel,  ish'fl,  or  Ischl,  ish'l,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
on  the  Traun,  over  which  there  is  a  suspension-bridge,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Ischel,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Steyer.  It  has 
saline  springs  and  salt-works,  with  elegant  bath -establish- 
ments, which,  with  the  beauty  of  its  situation,  have  ren- 
dered it  a  fashionable  watering-place.  Pop.  2196 ;  or,  with 
surroundings,  6842. 

Ischia,  is'ke-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Viterbo.     Pop.  2397. 

Ischia,  a  town  and  bishop's  see  of  Italy,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Ischia.  It  has  a  fort,  and  a  harbor 
suitable  for  light-draught  vessels.     Pop.  6497. 

Ischia  (anc.  Ar'ime,  Inar'ime,  ^na'ria,  or  Pithecu'sa), 
an  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Italy,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Cape  Miseno,  from  whioh  it  is  separated  by  a  chan- 
nel 6  miles  across.  Lat.  (E.  point)  40°  43'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  13° 
67'  45"  E.  It  is  7  miles  long  and  4  miles  broad.  Area,  26 
square  miles.  Near  its  centre  is  Mount  San  Nicolo,  or 
Epomeo,  an  extinct  volcano,  rising  about  2600  feet,  from 
which  the  surface  gradually  slopes  in  all  directions  towards 
the  sea.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  producing  great  quanti- 
ties of  superior  wine,  with  figs,  corn,  and  game.  Sulphur 
is  abundant,  and  the  mineral  springs  at  Casamaccia  are 
annually  resorted  to  by  summer  visitors.  Pop.  24,000. 
Principal  town,  Ischia,  on  its  N.E.  coast. 

Iscnim,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Ishiu. 

Ischitella,  is-ke-tdl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Severo,  near  the  Adriatic, 
at  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Gargano.     Pop.  4913. 

Ischl,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Ischel. 

Ischua,  ish'u-q,,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ischua  township,  and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name.  It 
is  also  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad, 
57  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Olean.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flonring-mill,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  853. 

Ischua  Creek,  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
New  York,  falls  into  the  Alleghany  River. 

Ise-Fiord,  ee's&-fe-0Bd',  an  inlet  of  Denmark,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  island  of  Seeland.  Length,  20  miles ;  breadth, 
10  miles.  Roeskilde-  and  Lamme-Fiords  are  its  ohief 
branches,  and  it  contains  the  island  of  Ouroe. 

Iseghem,  ee's^h-Ghim^  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bruges,  Pop.  7965.  I« 
has  manufactures  of  linen,  sugar,  and  hats. 

Iselin,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.    See  Uniontowh. 

Iseno  Umi,  Japan.    See  Bat  of  Ovari. 

Isento,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cbato. 

Iseo,  e-s4'o,  or  Sabino,  6&-bee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 

Province  of  Brescia,  on  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Iseo, 
op.  2151.    See  Lake  Iseo. 

iser,  ee'z^r,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Bohemia,  and,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  nearly  60  miles,  joina 
the  Elbe  above  Brandeis. 

Iser,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Isar. 

Iserd,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Sert. 

Is^re,  ee^zaiR'  (anc.  Isara),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
Mount  Iseran  (in  Savoy),  flows  tortuously  W.  and  S.W.  past 
Grenoble  and  Romans,  and  joins  the  Rhone  on  the  left,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Valence.     Length,  150  miles. 

Is^re,  a  department  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  comprising 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Dauphin6.  Area,  3163  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  572,146.  The  surface  is  mountainous. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Rhone,  Isfere,  Drac,  and  Romanche.  The 
minerals  are  lignite,  anthracite,  lithographic  stones,  white 
marble,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  &c.  The  gold-mine  of  La 
Gkirdette,  discovered  in  1781,  was  abandoned  at  the  first 
revolution.  Grenoble  gloves,  made  here,  are  in  high  repute ; 
and  the  cheese,  wine,  and  silk  of  the  department  are  cele- 
brated. Capital,  Grenoble.  The  department  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Grenoble,  La  Tour  du  Pin,  Saint- 
Marcellin,  and  Vienne. 

Iserlohn,  ee^z§r-lone',  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  on  a  railway,  18  miles  W.  of  Arnsberg.  Pop. 
16,838.    It  has  a  Latin  school,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery. 


ISE 


1475 


ISL 


brass-wares,  chemicals,  steam-enginei,  machinery,  wire, 
needles,  pins,  buttons,  velvets,  silk,  woollen  stuffs,  and 
leather,  and  a  large  general  trade.  N'ear  it  is  much  pic- 
turesque scenery,  among  which  forges,  paper-mills,  bleach - 
ing-grounds,  Ac,  are  thickly  interspersed. 

Isernia^  e-siR'ne-i  (anc.  jEser'nia),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  23  miles  W.  of  Campobasso,  on  the  W.  slope 
of  the  Apennines.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  cloth, 
pottery,  parchment,  leather,  Ac.  Pop.  9066.  Isernia  has 
remains  of  extreme  antiquity.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  by 
an  earthquake  in  1805. 

Iset,  e-sit',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  Lake  Isetskoe,  in 
the  government  of  Perm,  and,  after  an  E.  course  of  more 
than  250  miles,  joins  the  Tobol  on  the  left.  Its  gold- wash- 
ings are  very  productive. 

Isetskoe,  a  lake  of  Siberia.     See  Iset. 

Isetskoe*  a  village  of  Siberia,  on  the  Iset,  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Tobolsk. 

Isfahan,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Ispahan. 

Ishan,  or  Ischan,  ee-sh&n',  a  village  of  Central  Asia, 
24  miles  E.  of  Khiva. 

Ishgonish,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Chigonaise  River. 

Ishim,  or  Ischim,  ish'im^  or  ish-eem',  a  river  of  Sibe- 
ria, government  of  Tobolsk,  rises  S.  of  lat.  50°  N,,  and, 
after  a  tortuous  N.  course  of  700  miles,  through  a  sterile 
tract  termed  the  Steppe  of  Ishim,  joins  the  Irtish  120  miles 
S.E.  of  Tobolsk.  On  its  banks  are  the  towns  of  Petropau- 
lovsk  and  Ishim. 

Ishim,  or  l8Chim,a  town  of  Siberia,  government  and 
160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ishim.     Pop.  5842. 

Ishlawrcoed,  ish-lSwr'kwM\  a  hamlet  of  England, 
CO.  of  Monmouth,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pontypool.  Pop.  2598. 

Ish'peming,  a  city  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Duluth,  South  Shore  A  Atlantic  and  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroads,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marquette,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Negaunee.  It  has  10  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  4  school-houses,  a  large  hotel  called 
the  Nelson  House,  a  foundry,  machine-shops,  a  blast- 
furnace, and  a  carriage-factory.  Five  newspapers  are 
published  here.  It  is  supported  mainly  by  its  iron-mines, 
which  are  very  rich.  There  are  several  iron-furnaces  in 
the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,197. 

Ishpeming,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  ad- 
jacent to  Ishpeming  City.     Pop.  904. 

Isia,  the  Latin  name  of  Eze. 

Isigny,  ee^seen^yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Cal- 
vados, on  an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Vire,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bayeux.     Pop.  2104. 

Isili,  e-see'lee,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  37  miles 
N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2195.     It  has  a  gunpowder-factory. 

Isinglass  (i'zing-glass)  River,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New 
Hampshire,  falls  into  the  Cocheco  River. 

I'sinour's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Austin.  It  has 
»  flour-mill. 

I'sis,  a  river  of  England,  joins  the  Thame  at  Dorches- 
ter, CO.  of  Oxford,  the  stream  thenceforth  taking  the  name 
of  Thames. 

Isium,  or  Isjum,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Izioou. 

Iskandereeyeh,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Scutari. 

Iskandereeyeh,  or  Iskanderiyeh,  a  town  of 
Egypt.    See  Alexandria. 

Iskanderoon,  Iskanderun,  or  Iscanderoun, 
is-k&n-d^-roon',  written  also  Iskendernn,  Scande- 
roon,  and  Aiexandretta  (i.e.,  "Little  Alexandria") 
(anc.  Alexandrei'a),  a  seaport  town  of  Northern  Syria,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Iskanderoon,  23  miles  N.  of  Antioch. 
Lat.  36°  35'  3"  N.;  Ion.  36°  E.  It  has  been  improved  in 
appearance,  and  also  in  salubrity,  by  the  drainage  of  an 
adjacent  marsh,  but  is  still  unhealthy.  It  is  the  port  of 
Antioch  and  of  Aleppo,  and  has  the  best  harbor  on  the 
Syrian  coast,  with  an  import  trade  in  com,  rice,  salt,  and 
European  goods,  and  exports  of  galls,  silk,  cotton,  syrup, 
wheat,  barley,  castor-oil  beans,  tobacco,  wool,  gums,  wax, 
glue,  sesame,  butter,  provisions,  mohair,  hides,  leather, 
soap,  Ac.  Iskanderoon  is  derived  from  Alexander  (in 
Turkish,  Iskander)  the  Great,  in  honor  of  whom  the  ancient 
Alexandria  was  named.    See  Bay  op  Iskanderoon. 

Iskardoh,  a  state  of  Asia.    See  Bulti. 

Iskardoh,  is-kar'do,  a  valley  of  Little  Thibet,  19  miles 
in  length,  and  7  miles  across,  traversed  by  the  Upper  Indus. 

Iskardoh,  or  Iskardo,  a  town  of  Asia,  capital  of 
Bulti,  on  the  Upper  Indus.    Lat.  35°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  27'  E. 

Iskelib,  is'k^h-leeb,  or  Eskilnp,  es'k^-lup,  a  town 
3f  Asia  Minor,  near  the  Kizil-Irmak,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Chooroom.  Estimated  pop.  9000.  It  has  an  old  castle  and 
several  Byzantine  remains. 


Iskendernn,  or  Iskenderoon.    See  Iskanderoon. 

Isker,  is'k^r,  sometimes  written  Esker  (anc.  (Ea'cua), 
a  river  of  Bulgaria,  rises  in  the  Balkan,  flows  N.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Danube  22  miles  W.  of  Nicopolis.  Total  course, 
150  miles. 

Iskil,  is'kil  or  is-keel',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  60  miles 
N.E.  of  Konieh.    Pop.  about  2600. 

Isla,  ees'Ii,  a  Spanish  word  signifying  "island,"  and 
forming  a  part  of  many  names,  as  Isla  del  Ret,  "  King's 
Island,"  Isla  de  Pinos,  "  Isle  of  Pines,"  Ac. 

Isla,  I'la,  or  Islay,  i'li,  a  river  of  Scotland,  oos.  of 
Forfar  and  Perth,  enters  the  Tay  after  a  S.W.  coarse  of  41 
miles. 

Isla,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  about  50  miles 
W.  of  Omaha. 

Isla,  Hebrides.    See  Islat. 

Isla  de  la  Hignera,  ees'lS,  d^  1&  e-g^'r&,  or  Isla- 
Cristina,  ees'li-kris-tee'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Huelva,  with  a  natural  harbor,  be- 
tween the  rivers  Guadiana  and  Odiel,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  1819. 

Isla  del  Angel  de  la  Guardia,  ees'li  ddl  ing-ndl' 
dii  19,  gwaR'dee-&,  Angeles,  ing'H^-ldsy  or  Santa  Inez, 
sin'ti  ee'nSz,  the  largest  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California, 
Mexico,  is  divided  from  Old  California  by  the  Whale's  (or 
Ballenas)  Channel.     Length,  49  miles. 

Isla  de  Leon,  ees'll  d&  li-on',  a  long,  narrow  island 
in  the  S.  of  Spain,  province  of  Cadiz,  in  the  Atlantic,  sepa- 
rated from  the  mainland  by  the  channel  of  Santi  Petri. 
Length,  10  miles ;  breadth,  about  2  miles.  On  it  are  the 
cities  of  Cadiz  and  Isla  de  Leon. 

Isla  de  Leon,  or  San  Fernando,  s&n  fer-n&n'do, 
a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz,  at  a 
railway  junction,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Isla  de  Leon.  It  is 
very  ancient,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  its  arsenal  is  noted 
for  its  great  extent.  It  has  2  hospitals,  several  convents, 
an  excellent  marine  observatory,  and  manufactures  of  soap, 
salt,  leather,  and  spirits.     Pop.  18,202. 

Isla  del  Rey,  ees'li  ddl  rk,  the  largest  of  the  Pearl 
Islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  South  America.  Length, 
20  miles. 

Isla  de  Negros,  ees'li  di  ni'groce,  an  island  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  N.  coast  of  Admiralty  Island.  Sea 
also  Negros. 

Isla  de  Pinos,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  Isle  of  Pines. 

Isladi,  is^li'dee,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  40  miles  E.  of 
Sophia,  on  the  Vid. 

Islam^abad',  a  town  of  Cashmere,  on  the  Jhylum,  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Serinagur.  It  has  considerable  manufac- 
tures of  shawls,  chintzes,  and  coarse  cottons  and  woollens. 

Islamabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chittagong. 

Isla  Mayor,  ees'lS,  mi-oR',  a  large  island  of  Spain, 
province  of  Seville,  embraced  by  two  arms  of  the  Guadal- 
quivir, between  Seville  and  the  sea.     Length,  17  miles. 

Islam gnrh,  is-lim-giir',  a  fort  of  India,  dominions  and 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor. 

Islamje,  or  Islamdji,  Turkey.    See  Seliuno. 

Islamkote,  is-l&m-kot',  a  fort  of  India,  in  Sinde,  near 
the  Cutch  frontier. 

IsUamnug'gur,  or  Islamnagar,  isM&m-nQg'Hr,  a 
town  of  India,  district  of  Budaon,  45  miles  W.  of  Bareilly. 
Pop.  5424. 

Islamnnggnr,  or  Islamnagur,  isM&m-nfig'iir,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  Betwah,  a  tributary  of  the  Jumna, 
5  miles  N.  of  Bhopaul.     Lat.  23°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  30'  E. 

Islampoor,  is-l&m-poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ajmeer, 
105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Delhi.   Lat.  28°  6'  N.;  Ion.  75°  40'  E. 

Islampoor,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Atasarai. 

Island,  i'land,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Washing- 
ton, borders  on  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca.  It  consists  of 
two  islands,  named  Camano  and  Whidby.  The  latter  is 
nearly  40  miles  long,  is  comparatively  narrow,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Admiralty  Inlet,  which  is  navi- 
gable for  large  ships.  Camano  Island  is  much  inferior  in 
size  to  Whidby.  The  surface  of  the  county  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Barley,  grass,  wool, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Coupville. 
Area,  220  square  miles.    Pop.  in  1880,  1087  ,•  in  1890, 1787. 

Island,  Islanda,  or  Islaudia.    See  Iceland. 

Island,  a  post- village  of  Iberville  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  about  3  miles  below  Look  Haven.  It  ban 
2  churches. 

Island  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va., 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Sissonville. 

Islaudbridge,  iMand-brij',  a  village  of  Ireland,  in 


ISL 


1476 


ISL 


Leinster,  oo.  of  Dublin,  on  the  LifFoy,  Ij  miles  W.  of  Dublin 
Castle.     Here  are  artillery  barracks. 

Island  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cookshire.     Pop.  100. 

Island  City,  a  post-office  of  Owsley  oo.,  Ky.,  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Livingston. 

Island  City,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  oo.,  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Island  City,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  La  Grande.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  store,  a 
harness-shop,  &o. 

Island  Cove,  a  fishing  and  farming  village  in  New- 
foundland, on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception  Bay,  27  miles 
from  Carbonear.     Pop.  830. 

Island  Cove,  a  village  of  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from 
Harbor  Grace.     Pop.  970. 

Island  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Island  Creek,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  South  Duxbury  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  is  41  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Island  Creek,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1449.     It  contains  Duplin  Roads. 

Island  Creek)  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  in 
Island  Creek  township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River),  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Steubenville.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1909. 

Islande,  the  French  name  of  Icslans. 

Island  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in 
Island  Falls  township,  on  the  Mattawamkeag  River,  26 
miles  W.S.W.  of  IJoulton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  183. 

Island  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C,  on 
Broad  River,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Shelby. 

Island  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  oo.,  Tenn. 

Island  Grove,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  HI.  Pop. 
1069.  Island  Grove  Station,  near  this  township,  is  on  the 
Springfield  &  Quincy  division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  19 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

Island  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sturdevant.  It 
has  a  church. 

Island  Lake,  a  station  in  Carlton  cO.,  Minn.,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  W.  of  Duluth. 

Island  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Marshall. 

Island  Lake,  British  America.  See  North  Lined  Laks. 

Island  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles 
from  Union  Depot.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Island  Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Isle  Royale  co.,  Mioh., 
on  an  island  in  Lake  Superior,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Hough- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  oopper-mine. 

Island  No.  10  is  situated  in  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  Kentucky,  and  on  the  border  of  Ten- 
nessee, about  40  miles  below  Columbus.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Union  army  in  April,  1862. 

Island  of  Desolation.    See  Eerouelen  Land. 

Island  of  St.  John.    See  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Island  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Starucca  Station. 

Island  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  149  miles  N.W.  of  Portland, 
Me.,  and  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  several  mills  for  lumber  and 
flour,  and  a  graded  school.     Here  is  a  oustom-house. 

Islandshire,  i'land-shir,  a  part  of  the  co.  of  North- 
umberland, in  England,  comprises  Holy  Island.     Pop.  4592. 

Islands  of  the  Blest.    See  Canaries. 

Island  Station,  a  post-office  of  Arapahoe  co..  Col.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Denver,  and  1  mile  from  Henderson's  Island,  on 
the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad. 

Island  Station,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of 
Owensborough.     Here  is  a  church. 

Isla  Plana,  Spain.    See  Tabakca. 

Islas  Filipinas,  the  Spanish  for  Philippine  Islands. 

Islay,  ees-li',  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  sea-coast,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Mollendo,  with  a  custom-house  and  a  good  road- 
stead.    Lat.  17°  S. ;  Ion.  72o  10'  5"  W. 

Islay,  i'l4,  or  Isla,  i'la,  one  of  the  larger  islands  of  the 
Inner  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  immediately 
S.W.  of  the  island  of  Jura,  and  14  miles  W.  of  the  peninsula 
of  Kintyre.  It  is  25  miles  long  by  17  miles  broad,  and  is 
formed  of  quartz  rock,  clay  schists,  and  limestone.  It  has 
beds  of  marl,  bog  iron  ore,  and  lead-  and  copper-mines. 
Principal  exports,  cattle,  limestone,  and  whisky.     P.  8143. 


Islay  Sound,  between  the  island  of  Islay  and  Jura, 
has  an  average  breadth  of  1  mile. 

Isle,  eel  (anc.  In'tulat),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
department  of  Haute-Vienne,  and  joins  the  Dordogne  at 
Libourne,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  100  miles.  It  is  navigable 
from  PIrigueux  to  the  Gironde. 

Isle  an  Carrot,  eel  0  kar^r5',  an  island  in  the  St. 
Lawrence,  N.  of  Crane  Island,  below  Quebec.  It  is  about 
1^  miles  long. 

Isle  an  Chat,  eel  5  8h&,  an  island  in  the  mouth  of 
Lake  St.  Francis,  an  expansion  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
off  the  S.W.  angle  of  Grande  Isle. 

Isle  an  Hant,  eel  5  h5,  at  the  entrance  of  Penobscot 
Bay,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  composed  of  high,  steep  cliffs, 
and  contains  a  fixed  light,  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  lat.  43°  59'  N.,  Ion.  68°  34'  W.  The  township  of  Isle 
au  Haut  comprises  this  and  several  other  islands. 

Isle  an  H^ron,  eel  o  h^VftN*',  an  island  in  the  La 
chine  Rapids,  a  little  below  Caughnawaga,  Quebec. 

Isle  an  Raisin,  eel  5  r&^z&N"',  an  island  at  the  entrance 
of  Lake  St.  Peter,  between  La  Pierre  and  Dumoine  Islands, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  south  channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Isle  au  S6pulcre,  eel  5  8&-piilk'r',  an  island  of  Que- 
bec, in  the  river  Chicoutimi,  4  miles  above  Portage  de 
I'Enfant. 

Isle  aax  Chats,  eel  9  sh&,  a  settlement  in  Argen 
teuil  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  North  River,  1^  miles  from  Caril 
Ion.  It  is  connected  with  an  island  of  the  same  name,  oon 
taining  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills. 

Isle  aox  Chiens,  eel  O  shee^&N*',  an  islet  and  fishing 
village  at  the  harbor-entrance  of  the  French  island  of  St. 
Pierre,  near  Newfoundland.    Pop.  499. 

Isle  aox  Coudres,  eel  Q  kood'r  ("hazel  island"),  a 
post-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  on  an  island  of  the 
same  name  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul's 
Bay.     Pop.  718. 

Isle  aax  Gmes,  eel  8  grii,  a  post-village  in  Mont 
magny  oo.,  Quebec,  on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  6 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  639. 

Isle  aax  Noix,  Quebec.    See  Fort  Isle  acx  Noix. 

Isle  aax  Pommes,  eel  0  pAm,  an  island  in  the  rivef 
St.  Lawrence,  off  Green  Island. 

Isle  aux  Reaax,  eel  5  ro,  an  island  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, off  the  N.E.  end  of  the  island  of  Orleans,  Quebec.  It 
is  about  li  miles  long. 

Isle  aux  Tdtes,  eel  0  t^t,  or  Ash  Island,  an  island 
in  the  Richelieu  River,  Canada,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Lacolle.     On  it  is  a  redoubt  commanding  the  river. 

Isle-Baise,  eel-b4z,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  N.  of 
Mirande,  on  the  Raise.     Pop.  927. 

Isle  Bellerive,  eel  berreev',  the  largest  islet  in  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Maurice,  Quebec. 

Isle  Bizard,  eel  be^zan',  an  island  in  the  Lake  of  Two 
Mountains,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Eustaohe.     Pop.  835. 

Isleborough,  il'bur-ruh,  a  poat-township  of  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  comprising  Long  Island,  in  Penobscot  Bay.  Area, 
6000  acres.  It  has  3  churches,  district  and  high  schools, 
lies  10  miles  E.  of  Belfast,  and  its  people  are  largely  en- 
gaged in  maritime  pursuits.     Pop.  in  1890,  1006. 

Isle-Bouchard,  eel-boo^shaR',  a  town  of  France,  ia 
Indre-et-Loire,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chinon,  on  an  island  ia 
the  Vienne.     Pop.  1569. 

Isle>Bouin,  France.    See  Bodin. 

Isle  Bouquet,  eel  boo^k4',  an  island  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  opposite  Laprairie,  Quebec. 

Isle  Brul6e,  eel  oriiMi',  an  island  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kamouraska  River. 
It  is  one  of  the  Kamouraska  group. 

Isle  Carillon,  eel  k&^ree^y6N«',  an  island  in  the  Ot- 
tawa, at  the  entrance  of  the  Lake  of  Two  Mountains.  See 
also  Isle  aux  Chats. 

IsIe-d'Aix,  L*,  France.    See  Ile  d'Aix. 

Isle  de  France.    See  Ile  de  France. 

Isle-Dieu,  Isle-d'Yeu,  or  L'lle-d'Yeu,  leel 
de-oh',  a  town  and  fortified  island  of  France,  Vendue,  in 
the  Atlantic,  about  10  miles  from  the  coast,  and  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Les  Sables.  Pop.  of  town,  3118 ;  of  commune,  3275. 

Isle  Dupas,  eel  dii^pi',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co., 
Quebec,  on  an  island  in  the  nver  St.  Lawrence,  2^  miles 
S.E.  of  Berthier-en-Haut.     Pop.  150. 

Isle  du  Portage,  eel  dii  poR^t&zh',  a  small  island  of 
Quebec,  at  the  N.E.  end  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  below 
Ste.  Th6r6se  de  Blainville. 

Isle-en-Dodon,  L',  France.    See  L'Isle-hn-Dodon. 

Isle-en-Jourdain,  eel-ftN»-zhooR'd&N<»',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gers,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lombez,  on  the  Save. 
Pop.  2248.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 


ISL 


1477 


ISI. 


Isle  J6sus,  eel  zhi^zus',  an  island  in  the  province  of 
Quebec,  comprising  the  co.  of  Laval,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Mon- 
treal, bounded  by  the  Jesus  and  Prairie  Rivers,  branches  of 
the  Ottawa  before  it  joins  the  St.  Lawrence.  Length,  23 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles.  Area,  54,202  acres.  Pop. 
9472.     Capital,  Sainte  Rose. 

Isle- Jourdain,  eel-zhooR^d&N*',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Montmorillon,  on  the  Vienne. 

Isle,  L',  leel,  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  14  miles  E. 
•f  Avignon,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Sorgue.    Pop.  3795. 

Isle  La  Motte,  eel  I&  m5t,  a  post-town  of  Qrand  Isle 
00.,  Vt.,  on  an  island  of  its  own  name,  6  miles  long,  in  Lake 
Champlain,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  Here  are  2 
churches,  district  schools,  and  extensive  quarries  of  black, 
gray,  and  variegated  marble.     Pop.  in  1890,  551. 

Isle  La  Peche,  eel  la  paish,  an  island  in  the  river  St. 
Maurice,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  rear  of  Batisoan, 
Quebec.  It  is  much  frequented  by  Indians  and  the  inhab- 
itants around  La  Tuque  for  its  excellent  fishing. 

Isle  Madame,  eel  m&M&m',  an  island  in  the  Atlantic, 
belonging  to  Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  and  separated  by 
Lennox  Passage,  on  the  N.,  from  Cape  Breton  Island.  It 
contains  Arichat  and  other  towns,  and  is  16  miles  long  from 
E.  to  W.,  by  5  miles  broad. 

Isle  Madame,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  off  the 
N.E.  point  of  the  island  of  Montreal. 

Isle  Moran,  eel  mo^rbrt^,  an  island  on  the  S.  side  of 
Lake  St.  Peter,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nicolet  River,  Quebec, 
which  it  divides  into  2  branches. 

Isle  of  Axholme,  England.    See  Azholhe  Isi^. 

Isle  of  Coves,  kovz,  an  island  in  Lake  Huron,  at  the 
entrance  of  Georgian  Bay. 

Isle  of  Dogs,  or  Poplar  Marshes,  a  peninsula  of 
the  Thames,  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  3i  miles  E.S.E.  of 
St.  Paul's,  London.  The  Cubittown,  Millwall,  and  West 
India  docks  are  situated  here,  and  the  city  canal  intersects 
it.     In  former  times  the  king's  hounds  were  kept  here. 

Isle  of  Ely  (ee'lee),  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  Cam- 
bridge, lying  .N.  of  the  centre  of  the  county,  from  the  rest 
of  which  it  is  separated  on  the  S.  by  the  Ouse.  Area,  227,326 
acres.     Pop.  65,333. 

Isle  of  France,  Great  Britain.    See  Mauritius. 

Isle  of  France  (a  province).    See  Ile  de  France. 

Isle  of  Graine,  an  island  of  England,  in  Kent,  formed 
by  the  Thames,  Medway,  and  Yantlet  Creek,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Thames,  W.  of  Sheppey,  and  li  miles  W.  of  Sheer- 
ness.    Area,  3177  acres.    Pop.  292. 

Isle  of  Man  (anc.  Mona'pia  or  Monari'na),  an  island 
in  the  Irish  Sea,  30  miles  W.  of  England,  32  miles  E.  of 
Ireland,  15  miles  S.  of  Scotland,  and  48  miles  N.  of  Wales. 
Lat.  (Castleton  Light)  54®  4'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  36'  30"  W. 
Extreme  length,  about  30  miles,  with  an  irregular  breadth 
varying  from  6  to  12  miles.  Area,  179,200  acres.  Moun- 
tains extend  nearly  through  the  entire  length  of  the  island. 
Veins  containing  ores  of  lead,  zinc,  copper,  and  iron  inter- 
sect the  mountains  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction.  The  island  is 
well  watered.  The  principal  streams  are  the  Neb,  at  Peel, 
the  Colby,  near  Ramsay,  and  the  Black  and  Gray  Waters, 
near  Douglas.  The  valleys  are  some  of  them  fertile  in  grass 
and  pasture,  and,  where  the  land  is  somewhat  level,  grain  is 
cultivated.  Agriculture  is  much  improved  of  recent  years, 
and  railways  have  been  constructed. 

This  island  is  chiefly  peopled  by  the  Manx  {Menaviee),  of 
the  Celtic  race,  and  was  long  ruled  by  its  own  kings.  It 
was  latterly  held  as  a  feudal  sovereignty  by  the  Earls  of 
Derby,  and  more  recently  by  the  Dukes  of  Athol,  from 
whom  it  was  purchased  for  the  British  crown  in  1806.  The 
legislative  and  judicial  authority  is  principally  vested  in 
the  House  of  Keys,  a  self-perpetuating  body.  The  governor 
is  named  by  the  crown.  The  Manx  language,  derived  from 
the  ancient  Celtic,  is  still  in  common  use,  although  the  in- 
habitants speak  English.  The  island  forms  the  Anglican 
diocese  of  Sodor  and  Man.  Principal  towns,  Castletown, 
the  capital.  Peel,  Douglas,  and  Ramsay.  Pop.  in  1871, 
54,042  ;  in  1881,  53,558 ;  in  1891,  56,598. Adj.  Manx. 

Isle  of  Orleans,  Quebec,  situated  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  is  20  miles  in 
length  and  6  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  It  is  fertile  and 
well  wooded.     Area,  70  square  miles. 

Isle  of  Pines,  or  Kunie,  koo'nee'  (Fr.  Ile  dea  Pins, 
»el  di  piN»),  a  French  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.E.  of 
New  Caledonia,  of  which  colony  it  is  a  dependency.  It  is 
a  convict-settlement.  Lat.  of  peak,  22°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  167° 
25'  B.  It  is  42  miles  in  circumference.  The  scenery  is 
beautiful.     Pop.  2500. 

Isle  of  Pines  (Sp.  Ma  de  Pinoa,  ees'li  di  pee'noce), 
an  island  in  the  West  Indian  Archipelago,  50  miles  S.  of 


Cuba,  to  which  it  belongs.  It  lies  between  21°  27'  and  21* 
58'  N.  lat.  and  between  76°  11'  and  76°  52'  W.  Ion.  Length 
from  E.  to  W.,  about  60  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  55  miles. 
Area,  600  square  miles.  Its  coasts  are  indented  with  nu- 
merous bays.  The  general  aspect  of  the  island  is  exceed- 
ingly picturesque,  presenting  lofty  mountains,  extensive 
plains,  and  multitudes  of  beautiful  riviflets.  A  marsh  ex- 
tends across  it  from  E.  to  W.,  dividing  it  into  two  unequal 
parts.  The  most  remarkable  mountains  are  the  Sierra  d« 
la  Canada,  rising  about  1600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  with  precipices  150  feet  in  height;  the  Daguilla,  ele- 
vated 1500  feet,  affording  from  its  summit  a  beautiful  pano- 
ramic view  of  the  whole  island ;  the  Sierra  de  los  Cabellos, 
1074  feet  in  height,  and  Mount  Casas,  half  a  league  from 
it,  are  composed  of  beautiful  marble  of  all  qualities  and 
colors ;  and  the  Cristales,  though  of  little  height,  is  remark- 
able for  the  green  rock  crystal  abounding  on  its  sides.  Sev- 
eral of  the  rivers  have  a  depth  of  from  5  to  10  feet  and  are 
navigable  4  or  5  miles.  The  climate  of  the  island  is  mild 
and  remarkably  salubrious.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
principal  products  are  cattle,  tobacco,  pine,  mahogany,  cedar, 
and  other  woods,  sulphur,  spirits  of  turpentine,  pitch,  tar, 
marble  of  all  qualities  and  colors,  rock  crystals,  and  tor 
toise-shells.  There  are  also  mines  of  silver,  quicksilver, 
and  iron.  The  Isle  of  Pines  is  a  dependency  of  Havana. 
It  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  1494.  Capital,  Nueva 
Gerona.  For  many  years  it  was  notorious  as  a  resort  of 
pirates.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Isle  of  Port'land,  a  peninsula  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  extending  into  the  English  Channel,  4i  miles  long 
by  2  miles  wide,  and  connected  with  the  mainland  by  the 
Chesil  Bank,  a  narrow  ridge  of  shingle  10^  miles  in  length 
and  terminating  on  the  S.  by  Portland  Bill,  a  rocky  prom- 
ontory with  two  light-houses  198  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
has  excellent  stone-quarries  and  several  ancient  remains, 
with  a  castle  built  by  Henry  VIII.  It  forms  the  W.  side  of 
Weymouth  harbor,  and  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  the  Ben- 
tinok  family.  Off  its  S.  extremity  is  Portland  Race,  a  dan- 
gerous part  of  the  Channel,  in  which  the  tides  set  E.  with 
great  velocity.  Portland  has  a  great  convict-prison,  and  a 
magnificent  harbor  of  refuge,  artificially  formed  by  the 
construction  (1849-71)  of  a  grand  breakwater  of  stone. 
Pop.  9907. 

Isle  of  Pur'beck,  a  peninsular  district  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  between  the  river  Frome  and  the  English 
Channel,  terminating  in  St.  Alban's  Head.  Length,  10 
miles ;  breadth,  about  7  miles.  Corfe  Castle  is  in  this  dis- 
trict, which  affords  much  marble,  limestone,  and  pipe-clay 

Isle  of  Ser'pents,  a  lofty  islet  in  the  Black  Sea,  23 
miles  E.  of  the  delta  of  the  Danube.  It  is  reputed  to  have 
possessed  in  antiquity  a  temple  of  Achilles  (after  whom  the 
island  was  also  named),  but  of  which  no  traces  remain. 

Isle  of  Than'et,  an  island  forming  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  CO.  of  Kent,  England,  surrounded  N.  and 
E.  by  the  sea  and  S.  and  W.  by  the  river  Stour  and  its 
branch  the  Nethergong,  both  formerly  navigable  for  ships 
of  large  burden.  Length,  10  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 
Area,  26,500  acres.  The  surface  is  level,  lofty,  and  com- 
mands views  of  the  sea  and  the  coast  of  France.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  and  yields,  among  other  products,  large  quan- 
tities of  canary-seed.  Its  N.E.  point,  the  North  Foreland, 
lat.  51°  22'  29"  N.,  Ion.  1°  26'  47"  E.,  has  a  light-house 
340  feet  above  the  sea  and  visible  for  22  miles.  Near  it 
are  two  large  tumuli,  said  to  mark  the  place  of  a  battle  be- 
tween the  Saxons  and  the  Danes  in  a.d.  853.  The  town  of 
Reculver,  on  the  N.W.,  marks  the  site  of  the  ancient  Re- 
gulbium ;  and  Richborough,  on  its  S.  side,  was  the  ancient 
Rhutupium,  Thanet  was  the  first  possession  of  the  Saxons 
in  Britain.  On  it  are  the  favorite  watering-places  Rams- 
gate,  Margate,  and  Broadstairs,  and  it  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  Southeastern  Railway.     Pop.  30,134. 

Isle  of  the  Seven  Mountains.  See  Sehisopochnoi. 

Isle  of  Whit'horn,  a  maritime  village  and  island  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Wigton,  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay,  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Whithorn,  with  a  safe  harbor.     Pop.  459. 

Isle  of  Wight,  il  QT  wit'  (anc.  Vec'tia),  an  island  in 
the  English  Channel,  off  the  S.  coast  of  England,  separated 
by  the  Solent  and  Spithead  from  the  mainland  of  Hamp- 
shire, in  which  county  it  is  included.  Length,  from  E.  to 
W.,  22i  miles;  greatest  breadth  at  its  centre,  13i  miles. 
Area,  146  square  miles.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  presenting  almost  every  variety  of 
landscape  in  miniature.  It  rises  in  elevation  towards  the 
centre,  where  a  range  of  chalk  hills  traverses  it  from  E.  to 
W.;  the  highest  point  (St.  Catherine's  Hill)  is  830  feet 
above  the  sea;  and  the  S.  (especially  the  S.E.)  coast,  popu- 
larly termed  the  "  back  of  the  island,"  is  characterized  by 


ISL 


1478 


ISN 


precipitous  cliffs,  ravines,  or  "  chines,"  and  scenery  of  a 
most  romantic  kind.  On  this  side  are  the  Culver  Cliff, 
Dunnose  Point,  Shanklin,  Luccombe,  and  Blaokgang  Chines, 
&o.  Off  its  TV.  extremity  are  the  Needle  Rocks.  The  Me- 
dina River  partly  separates  it  into  two  nearly  equal  por- 
tions. A  surplus  of  agricultural  produce  over  home  con- 
sumption is  raised;  -this,  and  malt,  wool,  salt,  and  sand  for 
the  manufacture  of  glass,  form  the  chief  exports.  In  the 
W.  are  some  wide  downs,  and  fine-fleeced  sheep  are  reared 
on  the  uplands.  Principal  towns,  Newport  (the  capital), 
Yarmouth,  Cowes,  Ryde,  and  Ventnor;  the  three  last  are 
greatly  frequented  in  summer  as  bathing-places ;  and  near 
Cowes  is  Osborne  House,  a  favorite  residence  of  the  present 
sovereign.  The  island  has  continual  communication  by 
steamboats  with  Portsmouth  and  Southampton.  Since  the 
Reform  Act  it  has,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Newport, 
sent  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  66,219. 

Isle  of  Wight,  a  southeastera  county  of  Virginia,  is 
adjacent  to  the  mouth  of  James  River.  Area,  about  300 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  James  River, 
and  on  the  W.  by  Blackwater  River.  Nearly  half  of  the 
surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  not  very  fertile.  Indian  corn  and 
pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Nor- 
folk &  Petersburg  division  of  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Isle  of  Wight  Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8320  J  in  1880,  10,572  j  in  1890,  11,313. 

Isle  of  Wight  Court-House,  a  post-hamlet,  capi- 
tal of  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va.,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Norfolk. 

Isle  Perrot,  eel  pSb^ro',  an  island  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  between  the  Lake 
of  Two  Mountains  and  Lake  St.  Louis.  It  is  about  7  miles 
long.     Pop.  935. 

Isle  rerrot,  a  post- village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  above  island,  7  miles  S.  of  Ste.  Anne  Bout  de  I'lsle. 

Isle  Royale,  il  roy'al  (Fr.  pron.  eel  ro^yil'),  a  county 
m  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  is  a  group  of  islands  in  Lake 
Superior.  The  largest  of  these  islands  is  called  Isle  Royale, 
and  is  about  40  miles  long.  Copper  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Minong.    Pop.  in  1880,  55;  in  1890,  135. 

Isle  Royale,  a  township  of  Isle  Royale  co.,  Mich. 

Isle  Saint  Bernard,  eel  s&n<>  b^R^naR',  or  Nun's 
Island,  a  small  island  of  Quebec,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Chateauguay,  in  the  St.  Lawrence. , 

Isle  Sainte  Th^r^se,  eel  s&Nt  Wr^ss',  an  island  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  foot  of  the  island  of  Montreal. 

Isle  Saint  George,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on 
the  island  of  St.  George,  one  of  the  Wine  Islands,  in  Lake 
George. 

Isle  Saint  Joseph,  an  island  in  the  river  St.  Fran- 
cis, near  its  mouth  in  Lake  St.  Peter. 

Isle  Saint  Joseph,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
opposite  Boucherville,  Quebec. 

Isle  Saint  Paul,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  a 
little  above  the  Victoria  Bridge,  Montreal. 

Isles  k  la  Rasade,  eelz  i,  1&  r&^z&d',  small  islands  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  off  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  seigniory  of 
Trois  Pistoles. 

Isles  aux  Basques,  eelz  5  b&sk,  small  islands  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  off  the  mouth  of  the  river  Trois  Pistoles. 

Isles  aux  Morts,  eelz  o  moR,  or  Dead  Islands,  a 
succession  of  islands  S.W.  of  Newfoundland,  22  miles  W.  of 
Burgeo.  They  are  settled  by  fishermen.  Pop.  155.  Many 
wrecks  have  occurred  here. 

Islesborongh,  ilz'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking 
CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chillicothe.     Pop.  62. 

Isles  Communes,  eel  kom^miin',  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Boucherville,  Quebec,  consist- 
ing of  Isles  St.  Joseph,  Charreau,  Commune,  and  two  others. 

Isles  de  la  Soci6t6.    See  Society  Islands. 

Isles  de  Los,  ilz  d?  los,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa,  belonging  to  England,  75  miles  N.W.  of 
Sierra  Leone,  of  volcanic  origin,  and  consisting  of  Factory 
Island,  Tamara,  and  Ruma. 

Isles   du  Golfe,  eel  dii  golf  (i.e.,  "islands   of  the 
gulf),  two  inhabited  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  10°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  161°  46'  E. 
Isles  of  Danger.    See  Danger  Isles. 
Isles  of  Hyferes.    See  HySres  Islands. 
Isles  of  Shoals,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H., 
consist  of  8  small  islands,  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 
On  White  Island,  the  westernmost,  is  a  revolving  light,  87 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  in  lat.  42°  58'  N.  and  Ion. 
70°  37'  20"  W.    They  are  partly  in  Maine  and  partly  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  are  much  resorted  to  by  summer 
visitors. 
Isles  Philippines.    S«e  Philippine  Islands. 


Islet  J^r^mie,  ee^i'  zhi^r&^mee',  an  island  in  the  St 
Lawrence,  80  miles  from  Riviere  du  Loup  en  ba*. 

Isleton,  il'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal. 

Isle  Valen,  eel  viMflN*',  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  6  miles  from  Merasheen, 
It  is  settled  by  fishermen.     Pop.  212. 

Isle  Vaudreuil,  eel  vo^drul',  an  island  at  the  outlet 
of  the  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  Ottawa  River,  Canada. 

Isle  Verte,  eel  vfint  ("green  island"),  the  chief  town 
of  the  CO.  of  Temiscouata,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  16  miles  by  rail  below  Riviere  du  Loup  en  baa. 
It  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  a  large  iron- 
foundry,  a  carding-,  fulling-,  pressing-,  and  dyeing-mill,  a 
flouring-mill,  5  stores,  and  a  light-house  in  lat.  48°  3'  17" 
N.  and  Ion.  69°  25'  10"  W.  Pop.  1134.  The  town  is  shel- 
tered  by  an  island  of  the  same  name,  6  miles  long. 

Isleworth,  il'w9rth,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, on  the  Thames,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Brentford. 

Is'lington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
borough  of  Finsbury,  and  one  of  the  northern  suburbs  of  the 
metropolis.  It  is  the  seat  of  numerous  schools  and  charity 
foundations,  and  contains  also  Highbury  College  for  Inde- 
pendent ministers.     Pop.  213,778. 

Is'lington,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Dedham  township,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  from  Ded- 
ham Court-House.  It  has  a  church  and  several  suburban 
residences. 

Is'lington,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Mimico.     It  contains  2  stores  and  2  hotels.    Pop.  200. 

Is'lip,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Islip  township,  on  Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the 
South  Side  Railroad,  44  miles  £.  of  Brooklyn,  and  1^  miles 
E.  of  Bay  Shore.  It  baa  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  fruit-canning  factory,  and  a  manufactory 
of  paper  boards.  The  township  contains  larger  villages, 
named  Bay  Shore  and  Sayville.  Islip  is  opposite  Fire 
Island  light-house.     Pop.  of  the  township,  8783. 

Ismaelbad,  is-mil^id',  a  town  of  Northwest  India, 
20  miles  S.  of  Umballah. 

Ismail,  is-mi-oel',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  in 
the  tract  retroceded  in  1878  by  Roumania,  on  the  Kilia,  or 
N.  arm  of  the  Danube,  42  miles  E.  of  Galatz,  and  120  miles 
S.W.  of  Odessa.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and,  being  near  the 
frontier,  forms  an  important  military  station.  It  contains 
a  palace,  a  Greek  and  an  Armenian  church,  and  a  cloister. 
Its  harbor  is  good,  but  its  commerce  is  not  extensive.  It 
was  long  in  possession  of  the  Turks.  The  Russians,  under 
Suwarrow,  took  it  by  assault  in  1790,  gave  it  up  to  pillage, 
and  made  it  a  heap  of  ashes.  In  1856  it  was  restored  to 
Turkey.     Pop.  30,262. 

Ismailia,  is-mi-ee'l^-i,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  Lake 
Timsah,  and  on  the  Suez  and  Sweetwater  Canals,  equidis- 
tant from  the  Red  and  Mediterranean  Seas.  It  is  con- 
nected by  railway  with  Suez  and  Cairo,  and  has  fine  gar- 
dens, straight,  wide,  and  well-metalled  streets,  and  a  good 
trade.  It  was  the  headquarters  of  the  Suez  Canal  Company 
during  the  construction  of  the  canal,  but  has  since  much 
declined.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Ismailia,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Gondokoro  and 
the  district  near  it. 

Ismail  Khan,  a  district  of  India.  See  Dera  Ishaeel 
Khan. 

Ismailovo,  is-ml-Io'vo,  a  village  of  Russia,  adjoining 
Moscow,  with  an  imperial  palace. 

Ismaleeyah,  or  Ismaliyah,is-m&-lee'y&,  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  on  the  Karoon,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Ahwaz. 

Ismeed,  Ismid,  or  Izmid,  iz^meed',  written  also 
Iznikmid  (anc.  Mcome'dia),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  cap- 
ital of  a  sanjak,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Ismeed,  56 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Constantinople  by  railway  from  Scutari. 
Lat.  40°  47'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  29°  53'  30"  E.  It  is  finely  situ- 
ated, is  the  residence  of  a  pasha  and  of  Greek  and  Arme- 
nian archbishops,  and  has  a  considerable  trade  and  an  excel- 
lent port.  It  was  anciently  the  seat  of  the  King  of  Bithynia. 
It  has  few  remaining  ancient  buildings.     Pop.  8000. 

Ismeed,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Ismeed. 

Ismil,  is-meel',  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  32  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Konieh. 
Ismir,  Turkey.    See  Smyrna. 

Isnalloz,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Iznalloz. 
Isn^,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Esneh. 
Isnello,  is-n5l'lo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles  S.W.  ol 
Cefalu.     Pop.  2743. 

Is'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  about  90 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile.     It  contains  2  f^hurches 


ISN 


1479 


ISS 


Isnikf  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Iznkek. 

Isnik)  a  lake  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Lakb  of  Izmeek. 

Isny^  or  Issny,  iss'nee,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 
Danube,  48  miles  S.  of  Ulm.  Pop.  2780.  It  ia  enclosed 
by  walls,  was  formerly  a  free  town  of  the  empire,  and  has 
active  manufactures. 

Isogloo,  or  Isoglou,  is^o-gloo',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Isola^  ee'so-li,  an  Italian  word  signifying  "island," 
forming  the  name  or  a  portion  of  the  name  of  many  places 
in  Italy,  Illyria,  Ac. 

Isola,  ee'so-li,  a  town  of  Austria,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Triest,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Triest.    Pop.  3430. 

Isola,  ee'so-I&,  or  Isola  del  Liri^  ee'so-l&  di\  lee'ree, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Sora, 
on  an  island  formed  by  the  river  Liri.  Pop.  4827.  It  has 
paper-mills,  factories,  iron-works,  <fcc. 

Isola,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  8  miles  S.of  Cotrone, 
near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1408. 

Isola,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles  S.  of 
Teramo.     Pop.  3336. 

Isola,  a  village  of  Italy,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria. 
Pop.  2240. 

Iso'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lost  River, 
about  65  miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Isola  Bella,  North  Italy.    See  Borromean  Islands. 

Isola  della  Scala,  ee'so-lS.  dSl'li  sk^'l&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  11  miles  S.  of  Verona,  on  the  Tartaro.     Pop.  4965. 

Isola  di  Giglio,  Italy.    See  Giolio. 

Isola  Dovarese,  ee'so-li  do-vi-ri'sA,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Canneto,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2099. 

Isola  Grossa,  ee'so-l&  gros'si,  or  Isola  Lnnga, 
loon'gi  {i.e.,  "great  or  long  island")  (anc.  Scardo'na),  an 
island  of  Austria,  in  the  Adriatic,  oflF  the  coast  of  Dalmatia, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Zara.  Length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  27 
miles ;  extreme  breadth,  about  3  miles.     Pop.  12,400. 

Isola  Madre,  Isola  San  GioTanni,  and  Isola 
Superiore.     See  Borromean  Islands. 

Isole  Pelagic,  ee'so-li  pi-li'ji,  an  island  group  of  the 
Mediterranean,  between  Malta  and  Tunis,  comprising  the 
islets  Lampedusa,  Lampion,  Linosa,  Rabbit  Island,  etc. 

I'som's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Isonzo,  e-8on'zo, orLisonzo,le-son'zo  (&n(i.Sontiu8), 
a  river  of  Austria,  rises  in  Mount  Terglou,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Julian  and  Carnic  Alps,  flows  tortuously  southward, 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Triest. 

Isorella,  ee-so-rSl'l&,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Leno.     Pop.  1290. 

Ispahan,  is-pa-hS,n',  written  also  Isfahan,  or  Spa- 
hawn,  sp4-hawn'  (commonly  pronounced  spi-hoon'  by 
the  inhabitants)  (anc.  Aapadana),  a  famous  city,  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  on  the  Zenda- 
rood,  210  miles  S.  of  Teheran,  lat.  32°  39'  34"  N.,  Ion.  51° 
44'  45"  E.,  in  the  midst  of  an  extensive  plain  watered  by 
a  broad  river.  It  is  surrounded  by  groves  and  orchards, 
and  was  formerly  enclosed  by  a  mud  wall  24  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, which  was  entirely  destroyed  by  the  Afghans.  The 
streets  are  for  the  most  part  narrow,  dirty,  and  extremely 
dull.  There  are  extensive  remains  of  magnificent  palaces, 
large  private  houses,  spacious  caravansaries,  and  handsome 
bazaars,  most  of  which,  however,  are  in  a  state  of  melan- 
choly delay.  Three  handsome  bridges  communicate  with 
the  suburbs  of  Joolfa  and  Abbasabad.  On  either  side  of 
the  river  is  a  spacious  park,  called  the  Ghahar-Bagh,  or 
"  Four  Gardens,"  a  superb  avenue,  3000  paces  long  and  70 
paces  in  breadth,  planted  with  double  rows  of  the  lofty  chi- 
nars  and  flanked  by  several  picturesque  gardens  and  private 
palaces.  The  chief  square  of  Ispahan  is  the  Maidan  Shah, 
which  was  formerly  surrounded  by  busy  shops  and  regarded 
as  one  of  its  greatest  ornaments :  it  is  about  2600  feet  long 
and  700  feet  broad.  Of  the  seven  palaces  in  Ispahan,  that 
of  the  Ghehel-Sitoon,  or  "Forty  Pillars,"  built  by  Abbas 
the  Great,  is  the  finest.  It  stands  in  a  very  large  square, 
which  is  intersected  by  various  canals  and  copiously  planted 
with  chinar-trees.  In  the  time  of  Chardin,  Ispahan  com- 
prised 162  mosques  and  48  colleges,  most  of  which  are  still 
standing,  though  more  or  less  in  decay.  Of  these  by  far 
the  largest  and  most  magnificent  is  the  Mesjid  Shah,  situ- 
ated in  the  Maidan  Shah.  The  entrance  to  it  is  by  a  lofty 
portico  flanked  on  each  side  by  a  tall  minaret  crowned  by 
an  open  gallery  at  the  top ;  the  body  of  the  edifice  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  vast  dome,  accounted  one  of  the  best  speci- 
mens of  Persian  architecture,  the  whole  building  being 
constructed  of  massive  blocks  of  stone  covered  with  tiles 
richly  lacquered.  On  the  Ohahar-Bagh  is  the  mosque  of 
Sultan  Hussein,  now  converted  into  a  medressa,  or  college. 


The  most  remarkable  college  is  that  of  the  Medresia  Jeddah. 
It  is  entered  by  a  lofty  portico,  enriched  with  pillars  fan- 
tastically twisted,  leading  through  a  pair  of  immense 
folding-gates  of  solid  brass  richly  ornamented  with  pure 
silver.  The  bazaars  alone  still  show  some  signs  of  activ- 
ity. The  suburbs  of  Joolfa,  already  referred  to,  situated 
S.  of  the  Zendarood,  were  originally  founded  for  some  Ar- 
menians whom  Shah  Abbas  transplanted  hither  from  Joolfa- 
on-the-Araxes  and  endowed  with  numerous  privileges.  It 
is  at  present  the  principal  seat  of  the  manufacturing  indus- 
try, but  is  much  decayed.  The  artisans  of  Ispahan  are 
esteemed  the  best  in  Persia ;  and  its  manufactures  comprise 
all  kinds  of  woven  fabrics,  gold  and  silver  wares,  paper  arti- 
cles, fire-arms,  sword-blades,  glass,  earthenware,  and  articles 
of  luxury,  which  are  sent  by  caravans  to  Bagdad,  Herat, 
India,  and  most  parts  of  West  Asia.  Under  the  caliphs  of 
Bagdad,  Ispahan  became  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Irak.  It  soon  became  a  place  of  great  population,  wealth, 
and  trade.  In  1387  it  was  taken  by  Timoor  Bee,  and  the 
citizens  were  given  up  to  indiscriminate  massacre  ;  70,000 
are  said  to  have  perished.  Shah  Abbas  made  it  the  seat  of 
his  empire,  and  spared  no  cost  in  embellishing  it  with  the 
most  splendid  edifices.  In  1722  it  was  taken  by  the  Af- 
ghans ;  but  in  1729  it  was  retaken  by  Nadir  Shah,  since 
which  it  has  not  been  a  royal  residence.  Pop.  formerly 
estimated  at  1,100,000.  Chardin,  in  1686,  stated  it  at 
600,000.  Morier  stated  it  in  1808,  from  Persian  authori- 
ties, at  400,000,  but  in  his  second  journey  at  60,000. 
Present  pop.  about  80,000.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  Arme- 
nian bishop. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ispahanee,  is-p4-hi'nee. 

Ispinglee,  is-ping-lee',  a  town  of  Belooohistan,  in  the 
Bolan  Pass,  65  miles  N.  of  Kelat.     Pop.  2000. 

Ispinnm,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yepes. 

Ispunglee,  or  Ispangli,  is-pung-lee',  a  village  of 
Belooohistan,  in  the  Bolan  Pass,  4  miles  W.  of  Shawl. 

Is'rael,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1751. 

Israel's  River,  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  rises  near  the  foot 
of  Mount  Washington,  and  falls  into  the  Connecticut  River. 

Issa,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic.     See  Lissa. 

Issa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Isa. 

Issachar,  is's9,-kar,  a  tribe  of  Israelites  settled  upon  a 
fertile  tract  of  country  on  the  Jordan,  between  Zebulun 
and  Ephraim. 

Is^saque'na,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Yazoo 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  Sunflower  River  and  Issaquena 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  and  is  partly  subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  ia 
fertile.  Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Mayerville.  Pop.  in  1870,  6887;  in  1880,  10,004;  in  1890, 
12,318. 

Issaquena  (or  Deer)  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  south- 
ward through  Washington,  Issaquena,  and  Sharkey  cos., 
divides  into  the  Little  Deer  Creek  and  the  Rolling  Fork, 
and  enters  the  Yazoo  and  Mississippi  Rivers  about  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  is  navigable  for  about  six  months 
of  the  year  for  small  craft.     Length,  nearly  160  miles. 

Is'say,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  Loch  Follart,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Skye,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Snizort. 

Isselhorst,  is's§l-hoRst\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  of  Minden.     Pop.  1180, 

Is^seque'na,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Issigeac,  ee^see*zh8,k',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Dordogne,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergerac.     Pop.  1043. 

Issingeaux,  a  town  of  France.    See  Yssingeaux. 

Issny,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.    See  Isny. 

Issoire,  ees^swan'  (anc.  Issiodu'rum  f),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Puy-de-D8me,  on  the  Couze,  30  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  6089. 

Issoudan,  ees*8oo^duN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre, 
capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on  the  Thiols,  here  crossed 
by  3  bridges,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chateauroux.  Pop. 
11,293.  It  is  well  built  and  clean ;  it  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, a  town  hall,  4  churches,  2  hospitals,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen  cloths,  bleaching-grounds,  paper-mills, 
tanneries,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  wool,  wine,  com,  and  cattle. 

Issnm,  is'sdom,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  of  commune,  3184. 

Issus,  is'sQs,  a  river  and  town  of  antiquity,  in  Cilicia, 
the  former  supposed  to  be  identical  with  the  river  of  Baiat. 

Issy,  ees^see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  near  the 
river  Seine,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  7356.  It  com- 
prises many  handsome  villas,  and  the  seminary  of  Saint- 
Sulpice,  once  the  mansion  of  Margaret  of  Valois.  It  ba» 
several  chemical  works. 


ISS 


1480 


ITA 


Issyk-Kool  (or  -Knl),i8'seek-kool,also  called  Issi- 
knl,  a  lake  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Semiret- 
chensk.  Lat.  42°  30'  N.;  Ion.  77°  30'  E.  Area,  2466 
square  miles.  Elevation,  5300  feet.  It  receives  many 
streams,  and  at  high  water  its  surplus  flows  into  the  river 
Chooi.     Itis  somewhat  salt. 

Issy  PEvdqne,  ees'see'  liVSk',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  on  the  Somme,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Autun. 
Pop.  1772. 

IstabI  Antar,  Arabia.    See  Astabel  Sherm  Antar. 

Istabolat,  is-t4-bo-llt',  the  modern  name  of  a  ruined 
.lity  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  67  miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the 
,V.  bank  of  the  Tigris. 

IstaccihnatI,  Mexico.    See  IzTACCinnATL. 

Istadinm^  tke  Latin  name  of  Ystad. 

Istakhar,  is-ta-Kar',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Fara,  on  a 
part  of  the  site  of  Persepolis. 

Istalif*  is-ta-leef,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Cabool,  'destroyed  by  the  British  in  1842.  Its  peo- 
ple are  employed  in  agriculture,  cotton-spinning,  weaving, 
and  dyeing.  It  is  a  beautiful  town,  and  with  its  suburbs 
has  18,000  inhabitants. 

Istamboul,  or  Istambool.    See  Constantiwopus. 

Istampalia,  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Stampalia. 

Istan,  ees-tin',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  ?.2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1517. 

Istanos,  is'ti-nos^,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  W. 
of  Angora,  with  about  800  houses. 

Istapa,  ee3-t3,'pi,  a  small  town  of  Mexioo,  near  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  85  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zacatula. 

Ister,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Danube. 

Isthmus  of  Chiqnimnla,  che-kee-moo'l&,  in  Guate- 
mala, comprehends  about  70  miles  of  coast  on  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Motagua  and  the  inner- 
most corner  of  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Isthmus  of  Cor'inth)  a  neck  of  land  in  Greece, 
uniting  the  Morea  with  Attica,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Corinth 
and  ^gina.  Length,  about  20  miles ;  the  breadth  varies 
from  4  to  8  miles.  Its  scenery  is  very  interesting,  and  on 
it  are  various  remains  of  antiquity,  including  the  Isthmian 
wall  and  traces  of  the  famous  temple  of  Neptune.  A  ship- 
canal,  about  4  miles  in  length,  opened  in  1893,  oonneota 
the  two  gulfs.     See  Corinth. 

Isthmnsof  Kraw,  kraw,  or  Lower  Siam,  Siamese 
dominion,  connects  the  Malay  Peninsula  with  the  rest  of 
Indo-China,  extending  between  lat.  9°  and  12°  N.,  with  a 
breadth  of  about  70  miles.  Near  its  centre  is  the  town  of 
Kraw  or  Krah. 

Isthmus  of  Panama,  pin'a-™^'>  called  formerly  the 
Isthmus  of  Darien,  di're-^n  or  d4-re-Sn',  the  con- 
necting link  between  North  and  South  America,  separating 
the  Atlantic  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  extends  from  lat.  7° 
20'  to  9°  40'  N.,  Ion.  77°  to  81°  W.,  and  forms  a  department 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia.  It  has  the  shape  of  an  arc, 
curving  round  from  E.  to  W.  for  about  300  miles,  with  a 
breadth  varying  from  30  to  70  miles,  and  presenting  its 
convex  side  to  the  Caribbean  Sea,  while  its  concavity  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  large  Bay  of  Panama,  setting  up  from  the 
Pacific.  This  bay  at  its  mouth  is  135  miles  across,  and  pen- 
etrates inland  about  120  miles.  Its  shores  are  for  the  most 
part  low,  swampy,  and  unhealthy.  It  contains  numerous 
islands,  particularly  on  its  E.  side,  where  the  group  called 
Pearl  Islands  covers  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  indented 
by  several  harbors,  of  which  Panama  in  the  N.  and  San 
Miguel  in  the  E.  are  best  known.  The  bay  is  usually  tran- 
quil, and  not  disturbed  by  much  wind  or  sea,  but  destruc- 
tive tempests  occasionally  occur,  and  during  the  rainy  season 
W.  winds  send  in  a  heavy  swell.  The  tide  rises  from  2  to 
4  fathoms.  On  the  N.  or  convex  coast  the  most  remarkable 
indentations  are  the  Gulf  of  Darien,  near  its  E.  extremity. 
Port  Escoces,  and,  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  Caledonia 
Bay,  and  Navy  Bay,  on  which  Aspinwall  is  built.  In  ap- 
proaching the  N.  coast  from  the  Atlantic  a  range  of  lofty 
heights  is  seen  stretching  apparently  in  an  unbroken  chain 
at  a  short  distance  from  the  shore ;  but  a  large  part  of  the 
isthmus  consists  of  low  hills,  valleys,  and  flat  or  undulating 
plains  watered  by  considerable  streams,  generally  well  cov- 
ered with  timber,  and  capable  of  yielding  valuable  tropical 
productions  in  abundance.  The  minerals  are  also  important, 
and  include,  in  addition  to  gold,  which  was  long  worked  to 
advantage,  rich  veins  of  iron  and  copper.  The  most  un- 
favorable feature  is  its  climate.  A  great  quantity  of  rain 
falls  throughout  the  year,  and  in  the  months  of  July,  Au- 
gust, and  September  it  rains  almost  incessantly.  A  railway 
across  the  isthmus  was  completed  February  17,  1855,  ex- 
tending from  Aspinwall,  on  Navy  Bay,  to  Panama,  and  in 
1881  was  commenced  the  construction,  by  a  French  com- 


pany under  M.  de  Lesseps,  of  an  interoceanic  ship-canal  to 
follow  the  general  course  of  the  railway.  Port  Escoces  ii 
an  excellent  harbor,  and  Caledonia  Bay  an  ample  and  oom- 
modious  roadstead.  The  Atlantic  coast  of  the  isthmus  ttm 
discovered  by  Christopher  Columbus  in  1502,  but  the  com- 
paratively short  distance  across  it  was  not  ascertained  till 
1513,  when  Vasco  NuSez  de  Balboa,  governor  of  Darien,  at 
the  head  of  a  party  of  which  Francisco  Pizarro  was  one,  set 
out  on  an  exploring  expedition  and  from  the  top  of  a  hili 
obtained  the  first  view  of  the  Pacific, 

Isthmus  of  Perekop,  p&-r&-kop',  an  isthmus  of  Ros- 
sia,  about  20  miles  long,  by  not  more  than  4  miles  wide 
where  narrowest.  It  connect*  the  peninsula  of  the  Crimea 
with  the  mainland,  and  separates  the  Sea  of  Azof  from  the 
Black  Sea,  having  the  Gulf  of  Sivaoh,  in  the  former,  on  the 
B.,  and  the  Gulf  of  Perekop,  in  the  latter,  on  the  W. 

Isthmus  of  Suez,  soo'iz  (Arab.  pron.  soo-Az'  or  soo- 
ais'),  the  neck  of  land  connecting  Asia  and  Africa,  having 
S.  the  Gulf  of  Suez,  and  N.  the  Mediterranean.  Breadth, 
72  miles.  The  surface  oonsists  mostly  of  moving  sands, 
interspersed  with  some  rocky  elevations,  salt  marshes,  and 
ancient  lakes.  Across  this'  isthmus  was  cut,  in  1859-69,  the 
Suez  Canal,  100  miles  long,  through  which  large  ships  can 
pass  from  the  Mediterranean,  at  Port  Said,  to  the  Red  Sea, 
at  Suez  (which  see).     See  Red  Ska. 

Isthmus  of  Tehnantepec,  t&-w&n-t&-p4k',  in  Mex- 
ico, is  the  narrowest  part  of  the  land  separating  the  Gull 
of  Mexioo  from  the  Pacific;  distance  across,  about  130  miles. 
It  is  traversed  almost  throughout  by  the  river  Coatzaooalcos. 
It  has  been  proposed  to  unite  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans 
at  this  point  by  a  canal,  of  which  the  river  and  some  lakes 
would  form  a  part.  Another  project  is  the  construction  of 
a  railway  to  connect  Minatitlan,  on  the  Coatzaooalcos,  12 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexioo,  with  La 
Ventosa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Tehuantepec. 

Istip,  is'tip^  or  Istib,  is'tib^  (anc.  Stohxf),  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Ghius- 
tendil,  on  the  Bagranitza.  Pop.  8000.  It  has  the  remains 
of  an  old  castle,  and  some  steel-works. 

Istonium,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vasto. 

Istres,  eest'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rbdne, 
near  the  W.  side  of  the  Etang  de  Berre,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Marseilles.  Pop.  3022.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  ramparts, 
and  has  narrow,  crooked  streets,  and  an  old  castle. 

Istria,  is'tre-^  or  is'tre-&  (Ger.  Iitrien,  is'tre-^n ;  Fr. 
Ittrie,  eesHree'),  a  peninsula  in  the  N.  of  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
forming  a  district  of  the  Austrian  KUstenland,  and  in- 
cluding some  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  between  lat.  40°  35' 
and  45°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  13°  23'  and  14°  40'  E.  Area,  1908 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  especially  in  the 
N.,  being  traversed  by  ofisets  of  the  Julian  Alps.  The 
highest  point  is  Moont  Maggiore,  on  the  E.  coast.  Prin 
cipal  rivers,  the  Dragogna,  Arsa,  Quieto,  and  Risano.  The 
inbabitants  of  the  towns  are  mostly  Italian ;  those  of  the 
rural  districts  are  of  Slavonic  origin  and  dialect :  nearly  all 
are  Roman  Catholics.  The  population  of  the  coasts  is  em- 
ployed in  navigation,  fishing,  and  the  preparation  of  salt, 
and  that  of  the  interior  in  the  rearing  of  sheep  and  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  olive  and  the  vine.     Chief  towns,  Rovigno, 

Pola,  and  Pisino,  the  capital.     Pop.  254,906. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Istrian,  is'tre-an. 

Istros,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yali. 

Isturgateh,  is-tQr-g&'t^h  (?),  a  town  of  Afghanistan, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Cabool. 

Istvandi,  istVin'dee\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sii- 
megh,  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fiinf  kirchen.     Pop.  1000. 

Isuate,  ee-sw&'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Malaga. 

Isvornik,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Zvornik. 

Ita,  a  town  of  India.     See  Etah. 

Ita,  ee'ti  (anc.  Cataida  t),  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  11  miles  N.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1100. 

Itabaianna,  ee-t4-bl-&n'n&,  or  Itabahianna,  e-t&- 
bi-e-ftn'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  60  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Sergipe.     Pop.  2000.     See  Serra  Itabaianna. 

Itabira,  ee-t&-bee'r&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  the  Velhas,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 
Pop.  4000.  Ten  miles  W.  of  the  town  is  the  high  conical 
mountain  of  Itahira,  which  contains  auriferous  soil. 

Itabira-de-Mata-Dentro,  ee-t4-bee'ra-di-mi't4- 
dSn'tro,  a  gold-mining  town  of  Brazil,  60  milee  N.E.  of 
Ouro  Preto. 

Itaborahi,  ee-t&-bo-r&-ee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Itacolumi,  ee-ti-ko-loo-mee'  (the  "giant"),  a  moun 
tain  of  Brazil,  state  and  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Maranhao. 
Lat.  2°  8'  38"  S. ;  Ion.  44°  27'  W.     It  has  a  conical  and 


ITA 


1481 


iTA 


r«rj  conspicuous  summit,  and  near  it  is  a  light-house  which 
is  a  principal  mark  in  making  the  port  of  MaranhSo. 

Itacolumi,  a  mountain  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes, 
immediately  S.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Height,  6800  feet. 

Itacolumi,  a  peak  of  Brazil,  in  the  Serra  dos  OrgSos, 
province  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Itaguahi,  ee-t3,-gw&-ee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  40 
miles  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  of  district,  4000. 

Itaipu,  ee-ti-poo',  a  maritime  village  of  Brazil,  state 
and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000. 

Italian  (9-tal'yan)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  granitic  peak 
of  the  Elk  Mountains,  in  lat.  38°  56'  35"  N.,  Ion.  106*  45' 
W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,350  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
It  is  named  from  the  colors  it  shows  at  a  distance,  red,  white, 
and  green,  the  Italian  national  colors. 

Italica,  the  ancient  name  of  Santiponce. 

Italy,  it'g.-le  (anc.  Ita'lia  or  Auao'nia  ;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port. 
Italia,  ee-ti'le-i;  Fr.  Italie,  ee'tiHee' ;  Ger.  Italien,  e-ti'le- 
^n),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.  of  Europe,  consisting  of  a  peninsula, 
or  continental  portion,  and  numerous  islands,  of  which  Sicily 
and  Sardinia  are  the  most  important.  It  extends  from  the 
extremity  of  Sicily  to  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  between  36°  40' 
and  46°  37'  N.  lat.  and  between  6°  32'  and  18°  32'  E.  Ion. 
It  is  bounded  E.  by  Austria  and  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian 
Seas,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  W.  by  France  and  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  N.  by  Switzerland  and  Austria.  Its  natural 
confines  are  the  Alps  and  the  sea.  Previous  to  1859,  Italy 
was  divided  into  the  kingdoms  of  Sardinia  and  the  Two 
Sicilies  (Naples  and  Sicily),  the  Pontifical  States,  or  States 
of  the  Church,  the  Lombardo-Venetian  provinces  of  the 
Austrian  Empire,  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Tuscany,  and  the 
Duchies  of  Parma  and  Modena.  In  1859,  Victor  Emanuel, 
King  of  Sardinia,  obtained  Lombardy,  Parma,  Modena,  and 
part  of  the  Pontifical  States ;  Tuscany  was  annexed  March 
22,  and  the  Marches,  Umbria,  and  the  Two  Sicilies,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1860 ;  and  in  1861  these  were  all  united  under  the 
title  of  Kingdom  of  Italy,  with  the  seat  of  government  at 
Florence.  By  the  treaty  of  Prague,  August  23,  1866,  Ve- 
netia  was  added,  and  finally  the  remainder  of  the  Papal 
States  was  annexed  by  royal  decree,  October  9,  1870,  and 
Rome  again  became  the  capital  of  Italy.  The  island  of 
Corsica  belongs  to  France,  and  the  Maltese  islands  to  Great 
Britain.  The  following  table  shows  the  divisions  and  area 
of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  and  the  population  according  to 
the  latest  census  returns : 


Proviuces. 


Alessandria 

Ancona 

Aqulla  (Abruzzo  Ulterlore  II.) 

Arezzo 

AbcoII  Piceno 

Avellino  (Princjpato  Ulteriore).... 

Barl  (Terra  di  Bari) „ 

Belluno 

Benevento 

Bergamo 

Bologna 

Brescia 

Cagliari 

Caltanisetta 

Campobasso  (Molise) 

Caserta  (Terra  di  Lavoro) 

Catania 

Catanzaro  (Calabria  Ulteriore  II.), 

Chieti  (Abruzzo  Citeriore) 

Como 

Ooni  or  Cuneo 

Cosenza  (Calabria  Citeriore) 

Cremona. 

Ferrai-a 

Florence .*. 

Foggia  (Capitanata) 

Forli 

Oenoa 

<7irgentl 

GroBseto 

Lecce  (Terra  d'Otranto) 

Leghorn  (including  Elba) 

Lucca 

Hacerata _ 

Mantua 

Massa  e  Carrara 

Messina 

Milan 

Modena i, 

Naples 

Novara _ 

Padua 

Palermo 

Parma 

Pavia 

Perugia 

Pesaro  and  Urbino 

94 


Sq.  miles. 


1,952 

740 

2,509 

1,276 

809 

1,409 

2,293 

1,263 

676 

1,027 

1,392 

1,784 

5,224 

1,455 

1,778 

2,307 

1,970 

2,307 

1,105 

1,049 

2,756 

2,841 

670 

1,010 

2,263 

2,955 

716 

1,588 

1,491 

1,712 

3,293 

126 

577 

1,057 

856 

680 

1,768 

1,155 

966 

429 

2,527 

806 

1,964 

1,251 

1,286 

3,719 

1.146 


Pop.  1881. 


729,710 
267,338 
353,027 
238,744 
209,186 
392,619 
679,499 
174,140 
238,426 
390,775 
457,474 
471,568 
420,635 
266,379 
365,434 
714,131 
563,457 
433,975 
343,948 
615.050 
635,400 
451,185 
302,138 
230,807 
790,776 
356,267 
251,110 
760,122 
312,487 
114,295 
663,298 
121,612 
284,484 
239,713 
295,728 
169,469 
460,924 

1,114,991 
279,254 

1,001,245 
675,926 
397,762 
699,151 
267,306 
469,831 
672,060 
223,043 


Provinces. 


Piacenza 

Pisa 

Porto  Maurizio 

Potenza 

Bavenna , 

Beggio  di  Calabria  (Calabria  Ult.  I.) 

Beggio  neir  Emilia 

Borne  (Latia) 

Bovlgo , 

Salerno  (Principato  Citeriore) 

Sassari , 

Siena , 

Sondrio , 

Syracuse , 

Teramo  (Abruzzo  Ulteriore  I.) 

Trapani , 

Treviso 

Turin 

Udine_ , 

"Venice „ 

Verona 

Vicenza 


Total 114,296       28,459,628 


Sq.  miles.      Pop.  1881. 


226,717 
283,563 
132,251 
624,904 
225,764 
372,723 
244,969 
903,472 
217,700 
550,167 
261,367 
205,926 
120,534 
341,626 
254,806 
283,977 
375,704 
1,029,214 
501,745 
356,708 
394,065 
396,349 


The  above  provinces  (each  governed  by  a  prefect)  are  dis- 
tributed into  16  compartimenti,  viz..  Piedmont,  Liguria, 
Lombardy,  Venetia,  Emilia,  Umbria,  the  Marches,  Tuscany, 
Rome,  the  Abruzzi  and  Molise,  Campania,  Apulia,  Basili- 
oata,  Calabria,  Sicily,  and  Sardinia.  The  republic  of  San 
Marino  and  the  principality  of  Monaco  are  Italian,  though 
not  connected  with  the  kingdom  politically  ;  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  parts  of  Austria,  Switzerland,  and  France. 

The  continental  portion  of  the  country  is  separated  from 
the  rest  of  Europe  by  the  chain  of  the  Alps,  and  its  waters 
belong  entirely  to  the  basin  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  The 
coast  of  Italy  has  a  development  of  about  3353  miles,  one- 
third  of  which  is  insular.  The  shores  of  the  Adriatic  are 
little  indented,  and  on  the  N.  are  low  and  bordered  by 
marshes ;  those  of  the  Ionian  Sea  are  fiat  at  the  foot  of  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto  only.  The  W.  shores  of  Italy  are  generally 
more  elevated  than  the  E.,  except  in  the  Maremma,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Arno,  and  in  the  Pontine  marshes.  Th« 
chief  islands  are  Sicily,  Sardinia,  Elba,  and  the  Lipari 
Islands.  The  Italian  language  and  race  prevail  in  Corsica, 
now  a  part  of  France ;  and  the  British  island  of  Malta,  with 
its  dependencies,  may  also  be  regarded  as  Italian.  The 
principal  gulfs  and  bays  are,  in  the  Adriatic,  those  of  Venice 
and  Manfredonia ;  in  the  Ionian  Sea,  Taranto  and  Squil- 
lace;  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  and  the  Bays  of  Santa  Eufemia, 
Policastro,  Salerno,  Naples,  and  Gaeta,  on  the  W.  coast ; 
the  chief  straits  are  those  of  Messina,  Otranto,  and  Boni- 
facio. The  most  prominent  capes  on  the  mainland  are 
Piombino,  Argentaro,  Circello,  Campanella,  Spartivento, 
Leuca,  and  (Jargano.  The  country  is  generally  well  watered, 
but,  except  the  Po,  the  rivers  are  small  and  usually  mere 
torrents ;  the  chief  of  these  are,  in  the  basin  of  the  Adri- 
atic, the  Tagliamento,  Piave,  Brenta,  Po,  Aterno,  Sangro, 
and  Ofanto ;  in  the  basin  of  the  Ionian  Sea,  the  Bradano ; 
and  in  that  of  the  Mediterranean,  the  Arno,  Ombrone,  Tiber, 
Garigliano,  and  Volturno.  Italy  has  some  of  the  largest 
mountain-lakes  in  Europe ;  the  chief  are  Maggiore,  Garda, 
and  Lugano,  portions  of  which  belong  to  the  territory,  with 
Como  and  Iseo,  which  are  entirely  Italian,  among  the  S. 
slopes  of  the  Alps ;  and  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Apennines 
the  lakes  of  Trasimeno,  Bolsena,  and  Bracciano,  mostly  of 
classic  interest.  On  the  low  parts  of  the  Adriatic  coast  are 
several  extensive  shallow  lagoons,  formed  by  the  sea,  tha 
largest  being  those  of  Venice  and  Comacchio. 

Italy  is  divided  naturally  into  a  N.  portion  beyond  the 
peninsula,  including  the  vast  basin  of  the  Po, — a  prolonga- 
tion of  the  depression  of  the  Adriatic, — the  surface  of  which 
rises  gradually  to  the  Alps ;  and  the  central  and  S.  portion, 
or  the  true  peninsula,  which  in  general  is  mountainous  or 
hilly,  traversed  throughout  its  length  by  the  chain  of  the 
Apennines,  from  which  considerable  plains,  nearly  level, 
extend  along  its  shores. 

From  its  position,  form,  and  configuration,  the  country 
enjoys  a  varied  and  excellent  climate,  which  permits  the 
productions  of  the  temperate  and  some  of  those  of  the  tor- 
rid zone  to  mingle  on  its  almost  uniformly  fertile  surface. 
The  exceptions  to  this  are  the  pestilential  marshes,  especially 
the  Maremma  in  Tuscany,  the  theatre  of  a  prolonged  strug- 
gle between  human  industry  and  the  malignity  of  the  cli- 
mate. Snow  lies  during  the  year  on  the  Alps  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  9500  feet  only ;  the  valley  of  the  Po  has  a  temperate 
climate,  resembling  that  of-  the  centre  of  France ;  its  lakes 
and  portions  of  the  lagoons  of  Venice  are  frozen  in  winter. 
In  the  region  between  38°  30'  and  40°  30'  N.,  snow  falls  on 


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the  slopes  of  the  mountains  only,  and  the  olive,  orange,  and 
citron  ripen  in  the  open  air;  and  in  the  S.  of  Calabria, 
Sicily,  and  the  neighboring  islands  the  climate  permits 
of  the  cultivation  of  tropical  plants.  Mean  annual  temper- 
ature—Milan (lat.  45°  28'),  55.2°;  Venice  (lat.  45°  25M, 
54.4°;  Florence  (lat.  43°  46'),  59.2°;  Rome  (lat.  41°  54'), 
60.5°;  Naples  (lat.  40°  52'),  69.6°;  Palermo  (lat.  38°  6'), 
64.1°  Fahr.  The  prevailing  winds  of  Italy  are  W.  and 
8.W.,  during  which  the  air  is  pure  and  healthy,  but  the  S. 
portion  of  the  country  is  frequently  visited  by  the  hot,  pes- 
tilential winds  of  Africa,  the  Sirocco  and  Libeccio,  during 
which  vegetation  is  arrested  and  the  human  frame  becomes 
languid  and  feeble.     Fever  prevails  in  marshy  districts. 

Italy  is  rich  in  mineral  products,  but  has  few  metals  ex- 
cept iron  and  lead.  The  Apennines  supply  the  beautiful 
marble  of  Carrara.  Sulphur,  borax,  salt,  nitre,  alum,  ala- 
baster, lava,  and  other  volcanic  productions  are  abundant. 
There  is  one  active  volcano  (Vesuvius)  in  the  peninsula,  and 
five  in  the  islands  (Etna,  Stromboli,  Maccaluba,  Vulcano, 
and  Vulcanello).  There  are  many  mineral  and  gaseous 
springs.  The  vegetable  productions  of  Italy  are  extremely 
varied;  the  Alps  afford  excellent  pasture,  and  forests  with 
a  great  variety  of  timber.  The  fauna  resembles  that  of  the 
rest  of  Europe  in  similar  latitudes,  and  includes  the  asp, 
scorpion,  and  tarantula.  Fish  are  abundant  in  the  rivers. 
The  horses  of  Piedmont  are  valuable,  and  in  the  S.  their 
place  is  supplied  by  excellent  mules.  The  coasts  of  Sicily 
furnish  sponges  and  corals ;  the  chief  products  of  the  soil 
are  com  in  Sicily  and  in  the  plain  of  the  Po,  which  last  also 
possesses  the  most  extensive  rice-fields  in  Europe.  The 
chestnut  forms  an  important  article  of  food  in  the  Apen- 
nines. The  vine,  olive,  and  other  fruit-trees  yield  abundant 
crops ;  and  in  the  S.,  cotton,  the  sugar-cane,  orange,  and  fig 
are  cultivated.  The  date  and  some  other  palms  grow  in 
favorable  situations.  The  culture  of  the  mulberry  and  the 
rearing  of  the  silk-worm  form  important  branches  of  in- 
dustry. Cattle  are  reared  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the 
N.,  and  goats  and  swine  in  the  S.  Among  the  domestic 
animals  is  the  buffalo,  and  the  camel  is  breid  locally  to  a 
limited  extent.  It  is  estimated  that  not  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  arable  lands  are  cultivated ;  but  in  some  por- 
tions (especially  in  the  N.)  agriculture  is  carried  on  with 
the  greatest  skill.  Manufactures  comprise  silk  (chiefly  in 
Lombardy  and  Piedmont),  woollens,  gauze,  porcelain,  arti- 
ficial flowers,  hats,  paper,  parchment,  and  musical  instru- 
ments. Italy  has  about  5000  miles  of  railway  in  operation, 
of  which  a  part  are  public  property.  The  mercantile  marine 
comprises  numerous  steamers  and  sailing-vessels ;  and  Italian 
merchants  are  extensively  engaged  both  in  Mediterranean 
and  in  oceanic  commerce.  The  naval  force  consists  entirely 
of  steamers,  several  of  them  iron-clads  of  the  first  class. 
The  strength  of  the  army  on  the  peace  footing  is  not  far 
from  200,000  enlisted  men,  with  more  than  15,000  officers. 

The  arts  and  sciences  are  cultivated  with  considerable 
success.  Throughout  the  whole  of  Italy,  Italian,  in  very 
different  dialects,  is  the  language  of  the  country ;  but  it  is 
spoken  in  its  purity  in  Tuscany  only.  The  Roman  Catholic 
is  the  sole  religion  of  the  state,  but  other  existing  forms 
are  tolerated  by  law.  The  hierarchy  comprises  45  arch- 
bishops and  198  bishops.  In  1850  a  bill  waa  passed  anni- 
hilating the  privileges  of  the  clergy  of  Sardinia,  which  in 
1861  was  extended  over  the  whole  kingdom.  Since  1864  a 
large  number  of  monastic  and  clerical  institutions  have 
been  closed  and  their  property  seized  by  the  government. 
A  great  part  of  the  property  thus  confiscated  has,  by  the 
new  government,  been  applied  to  the  purposes  of  education, 
besides  appropriations  made  by  parliament,  and  the  avails 
of  local  and  communal  taxation.  Since  the  beginning 
of  1860  there  have  been  opened  in  the  kingdom  several  gov- 
ernment model-schools.  But,  notwithstanding  that  much 
progress  has  been  made,  the  majority  of  the  people  are  un- 
able to  read  or  write.  There  are  21  universities,  of  which  17 
are  sustained  by  the  general  government.  Eight  univer- 
sities are  of  the  first  class,  viz.,  those  of  Bologna,  Naples, 
Padua,  Palermo,  Pavia,  Pisa,  Rome,  and  Turin ;  and  9  of  the 
second  class,  viz.,  those  of  Cagliari,  Catania,  Genoa,  Mace- 
rata,  Messina,  Modena,  Parma,  Sassari,  and  Siena.  Came- 
rino,  Ferrara,  Perugia,  and  Urbino  have  universities 
supported  by  provincial  goiremments.  The  University  of 
Naples  is  the  largest,  and  that  of  Camerino  (which  is  free) 
is  the  smallest.  There  are  also  numerous  public  lyoeums, 
gymnasia,  and  technical  schools. 

Under  the  Romans,  Italy  was  divided  into  the  provinces 
of  Cisalpine  Gaul  and  Venetia  in  the  N.,  Italy  proper  in 
the  centre,  and  Magna  Graecia  in  the  S.  The  political 
arrangements  of  modern  Italy  were  changed  for  a  time  by 
the  aggressiens  of  Napoleon  I.     In  1801,  Savoy  and  Pied- 


mont were  united  to  France,  the  duchy  of  Milan  formed  the 
Cisalpine  Republic,  to  which,  in  1805,  the  duchy  of  Venice 
and  its  continental  possessions  were  added,  forming  together 
the  kingdom  of  Italy,  and  Genoa  was  incorporated  with 
France;  Naples  was  seized,  the  pope  and  the  other  sover- 
eigns were  deposed,  and  thus  all  Italy,  except  Sicily  and 
Sardinia,  was  subjected  to  France.  After  the  dismember- 
ment of  the  French  empire  in  1814,  the  states  were  restored 
to  their  former  rulers,  except  the  duchies  of  Milan  and 
Venice,  which  were  given  to  Austria  and  formed  the  Lom- 
bardo- Venetian  kingdom.  An  account  has  been  already 
given  of  the  formation  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  1859-70. 

Italy)  it'^le,  a  township  of  Yates  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1356. 
It  contains  Italy  Hill,  Italy  Hollow,  Ac 

Italy  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Yates  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Italy 
township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Italy  Hol'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills^ 
and  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Itamaraca,  ee-t&-m&-r&-k&',  written  also  Itamarca^ 
and  simply  Maraca,  m&V&-k&',  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the 
Atlantic,  state  and  20  miles  N.  of  Pernambuco,  separated 
from  the  continent  by  a  narrow  strait.  Length,  from  N. 
to  S.,  9  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles.  Pop.  SOOO.  It 
contains  the  town  of  Conceipao,  and  several  villages. 

Itamarandiba,ee-t&-m&-r&n-dee'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Minas-Geraes,  joins  the  right  bank  of  the  Aracuahi 
24  miles  W.  of  Minas-Novas. 

Itamarati,  ee-t&-m&-r&'tee,  a  fine  cataract  of  Brasil, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Itanhaen,  ee-tkn-jL'ia;  formerly  Concei^fto,  kon- 
si-sdwN"',  a  maritime  town  of  Brasil,  state  and  40  miles 
S.  of  Sio  Paulo,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1200. 

Itapacoroya,  ee-t&-p&-ko-ro'y&,  a  bay  aud  headland 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina.  Lat.  26°  47'  18"  S.; 
loD.  48°  20'  W. 

Itapagipe,  a  village  of  Brazil.    See  Tapagipe. 

Itaparica,  ee-t&-pl-ree'k&,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the 
Bay  of  Bahia,  immediately  opposite  Bahia,  whose  harbor  it 
shelters.     Length,  18  miles ;  greatest  breaidth,  6  miles. 

Itapemirim,  ee-t&-p&-me-reeN<>',  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  and  65  miles  S.W.  of  Espirito  Santo,  on  the  river 
of  its  own  name,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.  Pop. 
2000. 

Itapeteninga,  ee-t&-p&-ti-neeng'g&,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  120  miles  W.  of  SSo  Paulo,  in  a  fertile  valley. 
Near  it  great  numbers  of  cattle  are  reared,  which  are  ex- 
ported to  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  of  the  district,  6000. 

Itapeva,  ee-t&-p&'v&,  a  market-town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  160  miles  W.  of  SSo  Paulo.     Pop.  2200. 

ItapicU)  ee-t&-pe-koo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  course 
of  90  miles,  falls  into  the  sea  N.  of  Point  Itapacoroya. 

Itapicuru,  ee-t&-pe-koo-roo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Bahia,  enters  the  Atlantic  90  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of 
Bahia,  after  an  E.  course  of  350  miles. 

Itapicuru  de  Cima,  ee-t&pe-koo-roo'  di  8ee'm&,  & 
town  of  Brazil,  state  and  110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bahia,  near 
the  river  Itapicuru. 

Itapicuru  Grande^  ee-ti-pe-koo-roo'  gri!ln'd&,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  on  the  Itapicuru,  about  45  miles 
from  its  mouth,  with  a  parish  church. 

Itapicuru  Grande^  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Maran- 
hao,  after  a  northward  course  of  upwards  of  410  miles,  joins 
the  river  SSo  Jos6  S.  of  MaranhSo  Island. 

Itapua,  or  Ytapua,  ee-ti-poo'4,  improperly  written 
Itapura,  a  town  of  Paraguay,  on  the  Parana,  175  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Corrientes. 

Itaqneira,  ee-ti-ki'e-ri,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil, 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  stretches  for 
a  great  distance  along  the  right  bank  of  the  Parana. 

Itas'ca,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rainy  Lake  and  Rainy  Lake  River, 
and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Big  Fork  River,  and  contain?  numerous  lakes. 
The  surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  rocks  which  lie  next  to  the  surface  are  primary  (or 
eozoic).     Pop.  in  1870,  96 ;  in  1880,  124 ;  in  1890,  743. 

Itasca,  a  post-hapilet  of  Du  Page  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Itasca,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
cotton -seed-oil  mill,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  548. 

Itasca  Lake,  Minnesota,  the  reputed  source  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  lat.  47°  10'  N.  It  is  about  8  miles  in 
extent,  and  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  1575  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  environed  by  pine- covered  hills. 


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Itata^  ee-t&'ti,  or  Chilian,  oheel-yin',  a  river  of  Chili, 
province  of  Concepcion,  enters  the  Pacific  60  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Concepcion,  after  a  westward  course  estimated  at  150  miles. 
The  name  Chillan  is  more  properly  applied  to  the  N.  and 
principal  branch  of  the  Itata.  The  small  town  of  Itata  is 
near  the  river,  20  miles  S.E.  of  its  mouth. 

Itati,  or  Itaty,  ee-t3,-tee',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, 35  miles  N.E.  of  Corrientes,  on  the  Parana. 

Itawam'ba,  a  county  in  the  X.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Tombigbee  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and 
fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital^ 
Fulton.  Pop.  in  1870,  7812;  in  1880,  10,663;  in  1890, 
11,708. 

Itch'apoor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Ganjam.  Lat.  19°  4'  N. ;  Ion. 
84°  52'  E. 

Itchen,  itch'^n,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  enters 
Southampton  Water  E.  of  Southampton. 

IteneZy  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Guapore. 

Iteri-  (Itteri-,or  Itiri-)  Cannedn,  ee-t^'ree-k&n- 
ni-doo',  a  town  of  Sardinia,  10  miles  S.  of  Sassari.  It  is  a 
large  but  ill-built  place,  and  has  several  churches,  and  the 
extensive  ruins  of  an  old  abbey.     Pop.  4115. 

Iteri-FustialbU)  ee-ti'ree-foos-te-il-boo',  or  Ite- 
redduy  ee-t&-rdd-doo',  a  town  of  Sardinia,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Ozieri. 

Ithaca,  ith'a-ka,  Theaki,  or  Thiaki,  the-&'kee,  one 
of  the  Ionian  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  2  miles  E.  of 
Cephalonia,  between  it  and  Albania.  Length,  14  miles. 
Area,  44  square  miles.  It  is  nearly  divided  into  two 
halves  by  a  deep  bay  on  its  B.  side.  Surface  wholly 
mountainous.  Some  olive  oil,  currants,  superior  wine,  and 
honey,  with  corn,  are  raised ;  but  the  soil  is  poor,  and  the 
population  live  chiefly  by  maritime  trade.  Chief  town, 
Vathi,  on  a  bay  in  which  are  some  good  harbors.  On  this 
island  are  some  cyclopean  walls  and  other  remains  of  an- 
tiquity.    Pop.  9873. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ith'acan. 

Ithaca,  ith'^-ka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gratiot  co., 
Mich.,  51  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Saginaw,  and  10  miles 
by  rail  S,  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
2  banks,  a  union  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  butter-tubs,  staves,  Ac.     Pop.  1627. 

Ithaca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  on  Cotton- 
wood Creek,  about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Omaha. 

Ithaca,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  is  nearly  1  mile  from  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  37  miles  S.  of  Auburn,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Geneva, 
and  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira.  Three  streams, 
named  Cayuga  Inlet,  Fall  Creek,  and  Six  Mile  Creek,  here 
enter  the  lake.  Ithaca  is  built  partly  on  an  alluvial  plain, 
and  partly  on  the  slopes  of  high  hills  which  enclose  that 
plain  on  all  sides  except  the  N.  and  are  nearly  600  feet 
higher  than  the  lake.  Few  towns  in  the  state  enjoy  such 
beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  long,  deep,  and 
narrow  lake  is  a  link  in  the  chain  of  the  inland  navigation 
of  the  state,  and  communicates  with  the  Erie  Canal.  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  between  this  place  and  the  village  of  Ca- 
yuga. Ithaca  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Cayuga  Southern 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad, 
which  connects  here  with  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Rail- 
road. Another  railroad  (a  part  of  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna <fc  Western  Railroad)  extends  from  this  place  to 
Owego.  The  city  contains  14  churches,  2  or  3  national 
banks,  the  Ithaca  Academy,  a  free  library,  several  hotels, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  or  2  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspapers.  Here  are  manufactures  of  flour,  paper,  car- 
riages, farming-implements,  iron  castings,  machinery,  guns, 
clocks,  type-writers,  &o.  Ithaca  is  the  seat  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity (non-sectarian),  organized  in  1868  and  endowed 
with  funds  amounting  to  about  $2,500,000.  It  is  open  to 
both  sexes,  and  occupies  several  fine  stone  edifices  situated 
on  an  eminence.  It  has  a  faculty  of  about  100  instructors, 
an  attendance  of  about  1500  students,  and  a  library  of 
87,000  volumes.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,079. 

Ithaca,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Dayton,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Dayton  &  Union 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Ithaca,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Richland  co., 
Wis.,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.   Pop.  of  township,  1219. 

Ith'aca,  a  large  village  of  British  Guiana,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Berbice  River. 

Ithan,  a  river  of  Scotland.     See  Ythax. 

Ithome,  ee-tho'mee,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  Messenia, 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamata,  3865  feet  in  elevation,  at  its 
6.  slope,  in  a  village  of  the  same  name. 


Ith'on,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Radnor,  after  a  S. 
course,  joins  the  Wye  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Builth. 

Itinivini,  ee-te-ne-vee'nee,  a  branch  of  the  Cassiquiare 
River,  in  Venezuela,  separates  from  that  river  about  45 
miles  below  the  point  where  it  leaves  the  Orinoco,  and 
unites  with  the  Rio  Negro  40  miles  N.W.  of  the  influ:^  of 
the  Cassiquiare. 

Itiri-  (or  Ittiri-)  Canneda.    See  Iteri-Cannedtt. 

Itium  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Gris-Nez. 

Iton,  or  Yton,  eeH6No',  a  river  of  France,  rises  5  miles 
N.  of  Mortagne,  department  of  Ome,  and  joins  the  Eare 
after  a  N.  course  of  58  miles.  Above  Evreux  it  runs  under 
ground  for  3  miles. 

Itooroop,  Itouronp,  or  Iturup,  ee-too-roop',  Ator- 
koo,  or  Atorkou,  i-tor-koo',  Gortpoo,  gort-poo',  or 
Stat'en  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  Japan,  separated 
northward  by  Vries  Strait  from  the  island  of  Ooroop,  and 
southward  by  St.  Anthony  Strait  from  the  Japanese  island 
of  Koonasheer.  Lat.  of  N.  peak,  45°  38'  N.;  Ion.  149° 
15'  E.  Length,  140  miles ;  average  breadth,  20  miles.  It 
is  mountainous,  and  contains  an  active  volcano.  Principal 
products,  fish  and  timber,  with  furs. 

Itrabo,  ee-tr4'Bo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  from  Granada. 

Itri,  ee'tree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  6280. 

Itsatson,  eet^sit^soo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyrenees,  12  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1470. 

Itskhini-Itskali,  it-skee'nee-it-ski'lee  ("horse 
river"),  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Trasscaucasia,  triba 
tary  to  the  Rion,  which  it  joins  30  miles  E.  of  Poti. 

Ittlingen,  itt'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  El- 
senz,  3  miles  S.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1459. 

Itn,  Hitu,  or  Ifta,  ee-too',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Tiete.  It  has 
numerous  religious  edifices,  a  hospital,  prison,  and  school" 
Pop.  10,000. 

Itucambira,  ee-too-kim-bee'ri,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins 
the  Jequitinhonha,  after  a  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Itunama,  ee-too-n&-m&',  or  Tunama,  too-n3,-m&',  a 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins  the  Guapore 
in  lat.  12°  20'  S.     Its  principal  affluent  is  the  Machapo. 

Itursea,  i-too-re'&,  a  district  of  ancient  Syria,  between 
Lake  Tiberias  and  Damascus.         ' 

Iturisa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tolosa. 

Iturup,  Japan.    See  Itooroop. 

Itza,  a  lake  of  Central  America.     See  Pbten. 

Itzehoe,  it's§h-ho^§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
on  the  Stor,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Altona.  Pop.  9776. 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  connected  by  a  long 
bridge,  and  has  several  churches,  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
chiccory,  sugar,  beer,  spirits,  and  playing-cards,  and  a  flour- 
ishing general  trade. 

lugan-  (or  Ingan-)  Bolchoi.  See  Yooqan  Bolshoi. 

luka,  i-yu'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co..  Ark.,  80 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Walnut  Ridge  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

luka,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co..  III.,  on  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  78  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  17 
miles  W.  of  Flora.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
private  bank,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

luka,  a  hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho 
River,  about  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parsons. 

luka,  a  post-village  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  42  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Lamed.     It  has  3  churches. 

luka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tishomingo  co.,  Miss., 
22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Corinth,  and  115  miles  from  Mem- 

fhis.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank,  the  luka  Female 
nstitute,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.  Pop.  1019.  Here  oc- 
curred an  indecisive  battle  between  General  Rosecrans  and 
General  Price  on  the  19th  of  September,  1863. 

Ivahi,  ee-vi-hee',  or  Ubahi,  oo-bi-hee',  a  river  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Parana 
in  lat.  23°  20'  S.,  Ion.  54°  W.     Length,  250  miles. 

Ivaki-Sima,  ee-vi'kee-see'mS.,  an  island  of  Japan,  in 
the  Sea  of  Japan,  21  miles  from  the  W.  coast  of  Hondo. 
It  is  15  miles  long  by  6  miles  broad. 

Ivanda,  ee-v8.n'di,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  To- 
rontal,  about  10  miles  from  Temesvar.     Pop.  1200. 

Ivan-Gorod,  ee-vS,n'-go-rod',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  52  miles  S.E.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Oster. 
Pop.  1200. 

Ivan-Gorod,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  78 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Narova,  opposite 
Narva.     Pop.  1000. 

Ivanhoe,  i'van-ho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullock  co..  Ga.,  3 
miles  W.  of  the  Ogeechee  River. 


IVA 


1484 


IZI 


Ivanhoe  (formerly  Dean's  Corners),  a  post-village 
of  Lake  co.,  HI.,  in  Fremont  township,  about  38  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

iTanhoC)  a  hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar 
River,  18  miles  N.  of  Iowa  City. 

lyanhoe)  a  post-village  of  Richmond  oo.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  Rappahannock  River,  about  75  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

IvanhoC)  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.     It  contains  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Ivanich-Festung,  ee'vi-niK-fSs'tSSng,  a  town  of 
Croatia,  in  an  island  formed  by  the  Lonya,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Agram.     Pop.  750. 

Ivanovo,  or  Iwanowo,  ee-vi-no'vo,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vladimeer. 

Ivan'pah,  a  post-ofSce  and  mining-camp  of  San  Ber- 
nardino CO.,  Cal.  It  has  2  quartz-mills  for  silver,  which  is 
mined  here. 

iTany,  eeVin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  23  miles 
S.E.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  1200. 

I'vel,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Bedford,  joins  the  Ouse 
at  Tempsford,  after  a  northeastward  course  of  20  miles. 

Ivel,  or  Yeo,  yo,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
has  a  N.W.  course  of  27  miles,  and  joins  the  Parret  at 
Langport. 

Ivelchester*  a  town  of  England.    See  Ilchester. 

Iverna  and  Invernia,  Latin  names  of  Ireland. 

I'verson,  a  post-office  of  Red  River  parish,  La. 

IveS)  ivz,  a  station  in  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mus- 
catine division  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Ivesdale,  ivz'dal,  a  post- village  of  Champaign  co.,  111., 
in  Sadorus  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  28  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  323. 

Ives'  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  co..  Wis.,  in 
Yorkville  township,  3i  miles  N.  of  Windsor.  It  has  a  church. 

Ivi^a,  Iviza,  ee-vee's&,  or  Ibisa,  ee-see'sJL  (anc.  Ebu- 
•im),  the  smallest  and  westernmost  of  the  three  principal  Bal- 
earic Islands,  belonging  to  Spain,  in  the  Mediterranean,  54 
miles  S.W.  of  Majorca.  Length,  22  miles ;  average  breadth, 
12  miles.  The  coast  is  indented  by  numerous  small  bays, 
the  principal  being  those  of  San  Antonio  and  Ivi^a.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  well  wooded.  The  valley  is  fertile,  pro- 
ducing olives,  com,  flax,  hemp,  figs,  and  almonds.  Timber, 
and  salt  from  large  salt-works  along  the  coasts,  with  stock- 
ings, charcoal,  carobs,  almonds,  and  lead  ore,  are  the  exports. 
Principal  towns,  Ivi^a  (the  capital),  San  Antonio,  and  San 
Miguel.  The  two  islands  of  Ivipa  and  Formentera  were 
anciently  called  Pityu'sse,  from  the  number  of  pine  trees 

growing  on  them ;  jti'tus  in  Greek  signifying  a  "  pine." 

Adj.  and  inhab.  IV19AN  or  Ivizan,  ee-vee'san. 

Ivi^a,  or  La  Ciudad,  li  thee-oo-Din',  "a  fortified  town 
of  Spain,  capital  of  the  island  of  Ivipa,  on  its  S.E.  coast. 
It  has  a  good  and  spacious  harbor,  and  is  a  place  of  great 
antiquity.     Pop.  5552. 

I  vie,  eev'yi,  or  Ivije,  ee've-yi\  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  55  miles  S.E.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  1440. 

Iv'inghoe,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks, 
3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tring.     Pop.  1722. 

Ivonis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yvetot. 

I'vor,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Southampton  co., 
Va.,  45  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 

I'vory  Coast,  a  flat,  monotonous  coast-region  of  Upper 
Guinea,  lying  E.  of  the  Grain  Coast  (Liberia)  and  W.  of 
the  Gold  Coast.     It  has  a  few  French  trading-factories. 

I'voryton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  9 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Haddam.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  ivory  goods,  piano  actions,  Ac. 

Ivrea,  ee-vr&'&  (anc.  Epore'dia),  a  town  of  Italy,  29 
miles  direct  and  38  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Turin,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Dora  Baltea,  a  little  below  the  opening  of  the  Val 
d'Aosta.  Pop.  9125.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  com- 
manded by  a  citadel  and  a  neighboring  castle,  now  a 
prison,  and  has  a  cathedral,  5  other  churches,  many  re- 
mains of  the  Roman  period,  a  seminary,  a  hospital,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  goods.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Ivry-la-Bataille,  eeVree'-ia-bi^til',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Eure,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Evreux.  Pop.  1053.  It 
Is  celebrated  for  the  decisive  victory  gained  by  Henry  IV. 
over  Mayenne  in  1590. 

Ivry-sur-Seine,  eeVree'-suR-sin,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine,  on  a  slope  near  the  Seine,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  15,247.  It  has  a  pretty  church,  a  fort,  a  fine  mansion 
formerly  belonging  to  the  Dukes  of  Orleans,  some  villas,  and 
manufactures  of  steam-machinery,  glass,  chemical  products, 
and  organs,  with  forges  and  stone-quarries. 


I'vy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  BelleviUe. 

Ivy,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  W. 
of  Osage  City. 

Ivy,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Ivy,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  II  miles  S.W. 
of  Barrie.     Pop.  100. 

Ivy  City,  a  station  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  on  the 
Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Washington. 

Ivy  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Charlottesville. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Ivy  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  00.,  N.C. 

Ivy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Ivy  Hill,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia, 
on  the  Germantown  &  Chestnut  Hill  Railroad^  8  miles  N. 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ivy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 

I'vyland,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

I'vy  Log,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Qtk.,  10  miles  N.  of 
Blairsville. 

Ivy  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Aston 
township,  about  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chester. 

Ivy  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Iwana,  ee-w&'n&,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  00.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Goodwater  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Iwanowo,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ivanovo. 

Iway,  eeVwee',  a  market-town  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Cambrai.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cutlery,  chairs,  and  sugar.     Pop.  3890. 

Ixcaqnixtla,  eex-k&-keez'tl&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Puebla,  with  extensive  remains  of  an- 
tiquity.    Pop.  3000,  chiefly  Indians. 

Ixea,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Ioea. 

Ixelles,  eex^iir  (Flemish,  EUene,  Al's^h-n^h),  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  1  mile  S.  of  Brussels.  Pop. 
18,500.     It  haa  distilleries,  breweries,  and  dye-works. 

Ixmiqnilpan,  eex-mee-keel-p&n',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Hidalgo,  80  miles  N.  of  Mexico,  with  silver-mines. 

Ixonia,  ix-o'ne-a,  or  Ixonia  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Ixonia  township,  Jefferson  00.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  Rock  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1491. 

Ixtaccihaatl,  Mexico.    See  Iztaccihcatl. 

Ixtapalapa,  eex-t&-p&-l&'p&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  It  was  formerly  a  place 
of  much  importance,  but  is  now  greatly  declined. 

Ixtlahnaca,  eex-tl&-w&'k&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.     Near  it  are  silver-lodes. 

Ixtlan,  eex-tl&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Oajaca.     Here  are  silver-mines. 

Iza,  ee'z5h,  a  village  of  Hungary,  about  25  miles  from 
Szigeth,  on  the  Nagy  Ag,     Pop.  1260. 

Iza,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  I9A. 

Izabal,  or  Isabal,  e-s&-b&l',  a  port  of  Guatemala,  de- 
partment of  Izabal,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  shore  of 
Lake  Izabal  (30  miles  long,  15  broad),  40  miles  from  the  sea 
by  the  beautiful  river  Rio  Dolce  (or  Izabal).     Pop.  1000. 

Izalco,  Isalco,  or  Ysalco,  ee-sil'ko,  a  volcano  of 
Central  America,  in  the  republic  of  Salvador,  10  miles  N. 
of  Sonsonate.  A  town  of  the  same  name  in  the  republic  is 
situated  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  San  Salva- 
dor.    Pop.  4000. 

Izamal,  a  city  of  Yucatan.    See  Isaual. 

Iz'ard,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  547  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  White  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Strawberry  River, 
Rook  Creek,  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  mountainous' 
or  hilly;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Melbourne. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6806;  in  1880,  10^57;  in  1890,  13,038. 

Izeaux,  ee^zo',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre,  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1811. 

Izel,  ee'z§l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  on 
the  Semoy,  21  miles  W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1900. 

Izernore,  ee^zjR^noR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantua.     Pop.  1045. 

Izhma,  or  Ijma,  eezh'mi,  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ments of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  joins  the  Petchora,  after 
a  northward  course  of  190  miles  through  a  desert  region. 

Izieux,  ee^ze-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the 
Ban,  1  mile  E.N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne.  Pop.  4180.  It  has 
manufactures  of  ribbons,  spoons,  Ac. 

Izioom,  Izioum,  Izium,  Isiam,  or  Isunm,  iz-«- 


(^^>-(jYva^v-  \^  <rwt 


IZM 


1485 


JAC 


oom',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  S.E,  of 
Kharkov,  on  the  Donets.  Pop.  12,962.  It  is  enclosed  by 
ramparts,  and  has  a  citadel  on  an  adjacent  height. 

Izmen,  or  Izmeny,  iz^mdn',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Tolna,  about  10  miles  from  Sz^kzard.     Pop.  1100. 

Izmid,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Ishees. 

Izmir,  or  Izmyr,  Syria.    See  Smyrna. 

Iznajar,  or  Iznaxar,  eeth-ni-naR'  (anc.  Angellcu),  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  of  Cordova,  near  the  Genii,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Lucena.     Pop.  2092. 

Iznalloz,  or  IsnalloZ)  ees-n&l-yoth',  a  town  of 
Spain,  11  miles  N.N.E,  of  Granada.     Pop.  1839. 

Iznatorafy  eeth-ni-to-rif  (anc.  Anatorgiaf),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.    Pop.  2568. 

Izneek)  Iznik,  Isnik,  iz^ueek',  or  Nice,  neess  (ano. 
Nicx'a),  a  village  and  ruined  city  on  the  E.  extremity  of 
Lake  Isneek,  Asia  Minor,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ismeed,  and 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brusa.  The  village  comprises  about  150 
houses,  enclosed  by  ancient  walls  with  gates  and  towers 
still  nearly  perfect.     The  first  general  ecclesiastical  council 


met  at  Nicaea  in  325,  on  which  occasion' the  "  Nicene  creed" 
was  framed;  another  council  was  held. here  in  787.  This 
city  was  the  first  conquest  of  the  Cnisaders  in  the  East, 
being  taken  in  1097.  ; 

Izneek,  Lake  of,  Asia  Minor.    S)3e  Lake  of  Izneek. 

Iznikmid,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.  (  See  Isueed. 

Izon,  ee^z6N<>',  a  village  of  France,! in  Gironde,  5  mile* 
W.  of  Libourne.     Pop.  1430.  | 

Izsak,  is^s&k',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3305.  I 

Iztaccihnatl,  or  Istaccihnatl,  ees-t&k-se-hw&t'l', 
an  extinct  volcano  of  Mexico,  state  and  30  miles  W.N.W.  I L,  0 
of  Puebla.     Elevation,  15,706  feet.  W  ^"^ 

Izncar,  ee-zoo'kaR,  called  also  Matamoros  Izncar, 
mi-ti-mo'roceee-zoo'kaR,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Puebla, 
90  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  in  a  fine  sugar-district, 
at  the  base  of  Popocatepetl.     Pop.  12,000. 

Izvornik,  or  Izvorneek,  Turkey.     See  Zvoknik. 

Izzano,  it-s&'no,  or  Isano,  ee-s&'no,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  4  miles  E.  of  Crema.     Pop.  1300. 


J. 


^s^  Names  beginning  with  J,  in  Eastern  Europe  and  in 
Asia,  will,  in  this  work,  generally  be  found  under  Y :  thus, 
for  Jablonev,  see  Yablonev;  Jassy,  see  Yassy,  Ac.  Some 
Spanish  and  Spanish-American  words  beginning  with  J 
may  be  found  under  X  or  G. 

Jaak,  y&k,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  12 
miles  from  Stein-am-Anger.     Pop.  1650. 

Jaalons,  zh&H6N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mame,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Chaions-sur-Marne.     Pop.  585. 

Jaam,  yim,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Krasna,  10 
miles  from  Oravicza,  on  the  Krasso.     Pop.  1150. 

Jaar,  y&R,  or  Geer,  naiR,  a  river  of  Belgium,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Meuse  at  Maestricht. 

Jaarsveld,  y&Rs'vilt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  1 
mile  S.W.  of  Utrecht. 

Jabadii  Insula,  an  ancient  name  of  Sumatra. 

Jabalquinto,  Spain.    See  Javalquinto. 

Jabary,  Xabary,  Hi-ni-ree',  Yavary,  yi-vi-ree', 
or  Hyabary,  he-4^b&-ree',  a  river  of  South  America, 
forming  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Brazil  and  Peru, 
rises  in  lat.  8°  S.  and  Ion.  72°  W.,  and,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  at  least  460  miles,  joins  the  Maranon  at  Tabatinga.  It 
is  navigable  250  miles. 

Jabbaipoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jubbttlpoor. 

Jabbeke,  y&b'b^^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  6  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1860. 

Jabbok,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Jabok. 

Jabea,  or  Xabea,  H&-Bi'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  46  miles 
N.E.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  6679. 

Jabitaca,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil.    See  Cairiris. 

Jabkan,  or  Djabkan,  a  river  of  Asia.  See  Chabkan. 

Jablona,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Gabel. 

Jablonev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yablonev. 

Jablonka,  y&*blon'k6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Arva,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  3161. 

Jablonoi  Mountains,  Siberia.    See  Yablonoi. 

Jablonow,  y&-blo'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Kolomea,  on  the  Luczka. 

Jablunkau,  y&-bloon'k5w,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
14  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Olsa.  Pop.  3029. 
Five  miles  by  rail  S.  of  the  town  is  the  Pass  of  Jablunkau, 
leading  into  Hungary,  and  defended  by  a  fort. 

Jab'ok,  Jab'bok,  or  Zes'ka,  a  river  of  Syria,  rises 
in  the  Haooran,  flows  W.,  passing  N.  of  Mount  Gilead,  and, 
after  a  course  of  about  45  miles,  falls  into  the  Jordan  about 
30  miles  N.  of  the  Dead  Sea.  It  is  mentioned  in  Scripture 
as  the  boundary  which  separated  the  kingdom  of  Sihon, 
King  of  the  Amorites,  from  that  of  Og,  King  of  Bashan. 

Jaboo'ah,  or  Jabo'ah,  written  also  Jabna,  ja-boo'&, 
a  native  state  of  India,  bounded  N,  by  Banswara,  and  en- 
closed on  all  sides  by  other  native  territories.  Area,  1348 
square  miles.  Pop.  132,104.  Jabooah,  its  capital,  is  a 
town  285  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bombay.  Lat.  22°  46'  N. ;  Ion. 
74°  39'  E. 

Jabugo,  or  Xabugo,  H&-Boo'go,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  47  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  1494. 


Jabuka,  yi^boo'k6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  62 
miles  S.  of  Temesvar,  on  the  Temes.     Pop.  2200. 

Jabuka,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Temesvar,  4  milea 
from  Versecz.     Pop.  1200. 

Jaca,  Jacca,  or  Xaca,  H&'k&,  a  frontier  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Huesca.  Pop. 
3640.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  strong  citadel,  a 
cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  and  barracks. 

Jacarehi,  zha-ki-ri-hee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  50  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Parahyba.     Pop.  7000. 

Jacatra,  Java.    See  Jakatra. 

Jacinto,  ja-sin'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  ou 
the  Sacramento  River,  about  82  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sacra- 
mento.    Large  quantities  of  wheat  are  shipped  here. 

Jacinto,  a  post-village  of  Alcorn  co..  Miss.,  in  a  hilly 
country,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Jack,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  Trinity  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  uncultivated.  Capital,  Jacksborongh. 
Pop.  in  1870,  694;  in  1880,  6626;  in  1890,  9740. 

Jack  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 

Jack'man'8  Sound,  a  harbor  in  Frobisher  Strait, 
British  North  America,  opposite  Sussex  Island. 

Jack'mantown,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Somer- 
set CO.,  Me.     Pop.  65. 

Jackree,  jik'ree,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Jhylum,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Pind-Dadun-Khan. 

Jack's,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2720. 

Jacks'borongh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Campbell 
CO.,  Tenn.,  is  near  the  Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad  (3  miles 
from  Caryville  Station),  about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Knox- 
ville. It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1890, 
374.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Jacksborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jack  co., 
Tex.,  near  the  West  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  about  90  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4  churches,  a  Baptist  college,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  is  Fort 
Richardson,  a  United  States  post.     Pop.  in  1890,  751. 

Jack's  Creek,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1026. 

Jack's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Jack's  Fork,  Missouri,  rises  in  Texas  co.,  runs  north- 
eastward in  Shannon  co.,  and  enters  the  Current  River 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Eminence. 

Jack'son,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
ders on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  1144  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Tennessee  River,  which  here  runs  south- 
westward.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  or 
hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad  and  the  Nashville  A  Chat- 
tanooga Railroad,  the  former  road,  which  enters  it  in  the 
extreme  N.E.  and  runs  S.W.,  communicating  with  Scotta- 


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borough,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1870,  19,410  ; 
in  1880,  25,114;  in  1890,  28,026. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  619  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
White  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Black  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  cypress  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  and  White  <fc 
Black  River  Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Jacksonport.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7268;  in  1880,  10,877;  in  1890,  15,179. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  bordering 
on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Chattahoochee  and  Appalachicola 
Rivers,  and  is  drained  by  the  Chipola  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
sugar-cane.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Marianna.  Pop.  in  1870,  9528;  in 
1880,  14,372;  in  1890,  17,544. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  328  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  two 
branches  of  the  Oconee  River,  called  the  North  Fork  and 
Middle  Oconee.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Granite  is  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Georgia  and  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroads.  Capital, 
JefiFerson.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,181 ;  in  1880, 16,297 ;  in  1890, 
19,176. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  intersected 
by  Big  Muddy  River,  and  also  drained  by  Beaucoup  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills,  precipitous  limestone 
bluffs,  and  wide  alluvial  bottom-lands.  A  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  white  oak,  hickory,  ash,  elm, 
beech,  tulip-tree,  walnut,  maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  fruits,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This 
county  has  rich  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  also  quarries  of 
fine  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building.  Devonian  and 
carboniferous  limestones  crop  out  in  the  picturesque  bluffs 
of  the  Mississippi,  which  are  here  nearly  300  feet  high. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central,  Grand 
Tower  &  Carbondale,  Mobile  &  Ohio,  and  St.  Louis,  Alton 
&  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  of  which  the  three  last  mentioned 
communicate  with  Murphysborough,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,634;  in  1880,  22,505;  in  1890, 
27,809. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Driftwood  Fork  (or  East  Fork)  of  White  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Muscatatuck  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi,  Pennsylvania,  and  Evansville 
A  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with 
Brownstown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,974 ;  in  1880, 
23,050 ;  in  1890,  24,139, 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  borders  on 
Illinois.  Area,  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Maquoketa  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone  (Lower 
Silurian)  underlies  this  county,  which  also  has  deposits  of 
Iron  ore.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
Paul  and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  both  of  which 
communicate  with  Maquoketa,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,619;  in  1880,  2.3,771;  in  1890,  22,771. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Soldier  Creek, 
and  also  drained  by  Bills  and  Straight  Creeks,  affluents  of 
the  Delaware  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prai- 
ries and  woodlands,  in  which  the  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
■ycamore,  and  walnut  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
com,  oats,  wheat,  live-stock,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  underlies  this  county,  which  is  part  of  the  coal- 
field of  Kansas.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  by  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  and  Kansas  City,  Wyan  &  Northwest  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Holton.  Pop.  in  1870, 6053 ;  in  1875,  6681 : 
in  1880,  10,718;  in  1890,  14,626. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  305  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  several  forks  or  head-streams  of  Rook  Castle  River.    The 


surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  grass,  &c.  Capital,  McKee. 
Pop. in  1870,  4547;  in  1880,  6678;  in  1890,  8261. 

Jackson,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Dugde- 
mona  River  and  Bayou  d'Arbonne  and  Bayou  Castor.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  7646 ; 
in  1880,  5328 ;  in  1890,  7453. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Grand,  Kal- 
amazoo, and  Raisin  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  hay,  wool,  but- 
ter, and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  beds  of  fire-clay.  The  rocks 
which  lie  next  to  the  surface  are  limestone  and  sandstone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central,  Lake  Shore  4 
Michigan  Southern,  and  Grand  Trunk  Railroads,  all  of 
which  connect  at  Jackson,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  36,047 ;  in  1880,  42,031 ;  in  1890,  45,031. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  border- 
ing on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Des  Moines  River  (or  its  West  Fork),  and 
also  drained  by  the  Chanyuska  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  small  lakes, 
the  largest  of  which  is  Heron  Lake,  nearly  12  miles  long. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  &c.,  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  A  Omaha  Railroad.  Capital,  Jackson.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1825;  in  1880,  4806;  in  1890,  8924. 

Jackson,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Mississippi, 
borders  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  1072  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pascagoula  and  Escatawpa  Rivers,  the  former 
running  from  N.  to  S.  and  dividing  the  county  into  two 
nearly  equal  portions.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
poor.  The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  traverses  the 
S.  portion  of  the  county,  passing  through  Scranton,  the 
capitel.   Pop.  in  1870,  4362 ;  in  1880,  7607  ;  in  1890, 11,251. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Big  Blue  and  Little  Blue  Rivers.  The  Kansas  River 
enters  the  Missouri  at  the  N.W.  corner  of  this  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
grass,  live-stock,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
the  Kansas  City,  Wyan  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  all  of 
which  communicate  with  Kansas  City,  the  chief  city  of 
this  county.  The  Chicago  &  Alton  and  other  railroads  also 
traverse  the  county,  passing  through  Independence,  the 
capital.  This  is  the  second  county  of  the  state  in  popula- 
tion and  wealth.  Pop.  in,1870,  55,041 ;  in  1880,  82,325 ; 
in  1890,  160,610. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  estimated  at  552  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tuckasegee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The 
Blue  Ridge  occupies  the  S.  part  of  this  county,  the  valleys 
of  which  are  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  Richmond  &  Danville 
Railroad  traverses  the  county.  Capital,  Webster.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6683;  in  1880,  7343;  in  1890,  9512. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  392  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little 
Scioto  River  and  by  Symmes  Creek.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  abundance  of  good  bituminous  coal  and 
iron  ore,  and  exports  much  iron.  It  also  has  extensive  beds 
of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
and  Ohio  Southern  Railroads,  both  of  which  communicate 
with  Jackson,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,759;  in  1880,  2.3,686;  in  1890,  28,408. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Oregon,  borders 
on  California.  Area,  estimated  at  2880  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Rogue  River,  which  rises  near  the  N.E. 
border,  and  is  also  drained  by  Stewart  and  Applegate  Creeks. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Rogue  River  Mountains, 
and  on  the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range.    On  the  E.  border  of 


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this  county  stands  Mount  Pitt,  which  has  an  altitude  of 
about  11,000  feet,  and  the  Siskiyou  Range  extends  along 
the  S.  border.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests.     The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.    Oats,  live-stock, 

Eork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found 
ere.  This  county  is  traversed  from  W.  to  S.  by  the  South- 
«rn  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4778;  in  1880,  8154;  in  1890,  11,455. 

Jackson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
•of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cum- 
berland River,  which,  entering  the  county  in  the  N.,  takes 
a  southwesterly  course.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize, 
wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Qaines- 
borough.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,583;  in  1880,  12,008;  in  1890, 
1.3,325. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Lavaca 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Navidad  River.  La- 
vaca Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  touches  the 
S.W.  part  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle, 
cotton,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  county,  passing  through 
Edna,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2278;  in  1880,  2723;  in 
1890,  3281. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  Big  Mill 
Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  The  Ohio 
River  Railroad  traverses  its  W.  boundary.  Capital,  Jack- 
eon  Court-House,  sometimes  called  Ripley.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,300;  in  1880,  16,312;  in  1890,  19,021. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  992  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Black  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Fox  River  and  Mor- 
rison's and  Pigeon  Creeks.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  lumber,  grass,  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  &  Minneapolis  Railroad  and  another  railroad. 
Capital,  Black  River  Falls.  Pop.  in  1870,  7687 ;  in  1880, 
13,285;  in  1890,  16,797. 

Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  1  mile  by 
rail  E.  of  the  Tombigbee,  and  60  miles  N,  of  Mobile.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  an  academy.  Near 
at  hand  is  a  sulphur  well  of  local  repute. 

Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Ark.,  near 
Spring  River,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville.    It  has  a  church. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Jackson  Creek,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  and  2  newspaper  oflBces. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place,  in  quartz-  and  placer-mines. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Jackson,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  22  miles  E. 
of  Pueblo. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butts  oo.,  Ga.,  46 
miles  by  rail  S.S.B.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  2  lumber-mills, 
and  an  oil-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  922. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  202. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
618.     It  contains  Waymansville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Blackford  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1399. 
It  contains  Trenton. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2463. 
It  contains  Jamestown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1750. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1301.  It 
contains  Camden. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1519.  It 
contains  Galveston. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.,  in  the  blook- 
eoal  region.     Pop.  1711. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3932. 
It  contains  Frankfort. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Dearborn  oo.,  Ind.   Pop.  1366. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1746. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1141. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1289. 
Ct  contains  New  Paris. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1037. 
Ct  contains  Everton. 


Jackson,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1321. 
It  contains  Jacksonville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  co,,  Ind.  Pop.  1969.  It 
contains  Owensburg. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  3724. 
It  contains  Cicero. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1849 
It  contains  Charlottesville  and  Cleveland. 
Jackson,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1400. 
Jackson,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1000. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2257.     It  contains  Roanoke. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1137, 
exclusive  of  Seymour. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  989. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1043. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1344. 
It  contains  Perkins ville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1645. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1723. 
It  contains  Morgantown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Kankakee  River.     Pop.  766. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Orange  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1148. 
It  contains  Newton  Stewart. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  757. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1377. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1072. 
It  contains  Jackson  Centre. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1498. 
It  contains  Groveland  and  New  Marysville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1349. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1401. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  770. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1305.  It 
contains  Mount  Auburn. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  926. 
It  contains  Gentryville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.W. 
by  English  Lake.     Pop.  125. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1122. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1732. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1081. 

Jackson,  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     See  Jackson  Station. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
779.     It  contains  Martinsburg. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4949. 
It  includes  Jacksonburg,  Cambridge,  East  Germantown,  and 
Dublin. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1140. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1358.  It 
includes  Burnettsville  and  Idaville. 

Jackson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in  Jackson 
township,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anita.     Pop.  of  township,  505. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  988. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  799. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1013. 
It  is  traversed  by  Red  Cedar  and  Shell  Rock  Rivers,  and  con- 
tains Janesville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Butler  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  694. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  690. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  917. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  264. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  tb« 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  148. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  489 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  819. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  866. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  and  Little  Sioux  Rivers.     Pop.  329. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1149. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Skunk  River. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  945. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  800. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1467 
It  contains  loka. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1052,  ex- 
clusive of  Keokuk  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  965.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lucas  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  598. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  670, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  848. 
It  contains  Melrose. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.  Pop 
789,  exclusive  of  Villisca. 


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Jackson,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.    P.  186. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  oo,,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1049,  exclusive  of  Montezuma. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  811.  It 
contains  Sao  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  271. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
souri line.     Pop.  421. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1633,  exclusive  of  CantrU. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
souri line.     Pop.  832. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  971. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  490. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  438. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  820. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  490. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  1296. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  406. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1271. 
It  contains  Neosho  Rapids. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
389.     Post-oflSce,  Eden  Prairie. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Kiley  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1013. 
It  contains  Randolph. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  495. 
Post-office,  Rome. 

Jackson,  a  post-yillage,  capital  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  River,  about  70  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of 
Lexington.     Pop.  54. 

Jackson,  a  post- village  of  East  Feliciana  parish,  La., 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Baton  Rouge.  It  is  the  seat  of  Cen- 
tenary College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized 
in  1825,  and  of  the  state  asylum  for  the  insane,  ana  has  7 
churches,  a  female  institute,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1276. 

Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Jackson 
township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.    It  has  a  church. 

Jackson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 76  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  37  miles  S.  of  Lansing,  and 
94  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  the  S.E.  terminus 
of  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad  and  the  E.  terminus 
of  the  Air  Line  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  with  Saginaw  by  the  Central  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains the  state  prison,  with  about  700  convicts,  about  17 
churches,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  14  school  build- 
ings with  70  teachers,  2  high  schools,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  3  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  also 
gas-works.  Holly  water-works,  electric  lights,  an  electric 
street-railway,  4  flouring-mills,  4  machine-shops,  3  foun- 
dries, 4  sash-  and  blind-factories,  5  planing-mills,  4  brew- 
eries, 2  manufactories  of  furniture,  3  of  agriou'tural  imple- 
ments, 7  of  carriages  and  wagons,  1  of  chemicals,  1  of 
railroad-cars,  3  of  pumps,  3  of  cigars,  5  coal-mines,  a 
pottery,  the  principal  machine-shops  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  and  many  minor  industries  and  trades,  and 
is  a  growing  business  centre  of  diversified  interests.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,447;  in  1880,  16,105;  in  1890,  20,798. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fair- 
mont, and  80  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Pipestone.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  grist-mill,  a  wagon-factory,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  720. 

Jackson,  a  city  of  Mississippi,  the  capital  of  the  state, 
is  in  Hinds  oo.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Pearl  River,  183 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  45  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg,  and  96 
miles  W.  of  Meridian.  Lat.  32°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  6'  W.  It  is 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Vicks- 
burg A  Meridian  Railroad.  It  is  built  on  level  ground,  and 
is  regularly  planned.  It  contains  the  state-house,  the  peni- 
tentiary, a  lunatic  asylum,  institutions  for  the  blind,  the 
deaf,  and  the  dumb,  public  schools,  an  industrial  seminary, 
the  state  law  library,  the  third  largest  in  the  Union,  8 
churches,  a  national  and  2  other  banks,  3  iron-foundries,  a 
sash-,  door-,  and  blind-factory,  and  numerous  smaller  indus- 
tries. A  semi-monthly,  a  quarterly,  2  daily,  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  city  is  lighted  by 
electricity.  Many  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  annually 
shipped  at  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  5920. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1347. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  656. 

Jackson,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.. 

Mo.,  163  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.    It  has  7  churches, 

a  bank,  newspaper  offices,  and  a  foundry  and  machine-shon. 

Pop.  in  1890,  941.  ^ 


Jackson,  a  township  of  Carter  co..  Mo.     Pop.  695. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1472. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1752 
It  contains  Hainesville  and  Bamesville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1432. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1059 
See  Jackson  Station. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  330. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Gentry  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1037. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1759. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1238. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2200 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.     Pop.  948. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.     P.  260S 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1755. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1419. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  4367 
It  contains  Paris. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  895. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Osage  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1104 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ozark  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  353. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Polk  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1483. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  799. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1175t 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Reynolds  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  327. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  411. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.  P.  1112. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shannon  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  370. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  1416. 
It  contains  Hunnewell. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  902. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Texas  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  537. 

Jackson,  a  post-vilJage  of  Dakota  oo.,  Neo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  two  linee  of  railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Dakota,  and  about  9  miles  (direct)  above  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  bank,  and  a  flouring-milL 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Jackson,  a  hamlet  in  Platte  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  99  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Omaha.  Eleva- 
tion, 1470  feet.  It  has  a  store,  2  hotels,  and  a  grain-ware- 
house. 

Jackson,  a  post-vill&ge  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.H.,  in  Jaok- 
son  township,  on  the  Glen  Ellis  River,  3  miles  from  Glen 
Station,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Ossipee,  and  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Mount  Washington.  It  has  a  onurch,  a  large  hotel,  and 
several  boarding-houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  474. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.  Pop.  1755.  It 
contains  Jackson's  Mills,  Bennett's  Mills,  Collier's  Mill,  Ao. 

Jackson,  a  fertile  township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
bordering  to  a  small  extent  on  the  Vermont  line.  It  i« 
mountainous,  and  has  several  fine  lakes.     Pop.  1562. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Northampton  oo., 
N.C.,  in  JaokiBon  township,  about  85  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh, 
and  4  miles  N.  of  the  Roanoke  River.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  181;  of  the  township,  523. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1010. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Allen  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1801.  It 
contains  Lafayette. 

Jackson,  a  tovraship  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1409. 
It  contains  Polk. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Aaglaise  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1502. 
It  contains  Minster. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  0.  Pop.  995.  It 
contains  Carlisle. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     P.  1831. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1658. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1767. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  4021 
including  that  of  Crestline. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  2088.  It 
contains  Union  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1923. 
It  contains  Grove  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.  Pop.  867. 
It  contains  Byesville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1209. 
It  contains  Houcktown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1412. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  905. 
It  contains  Belfast,  Fairfax,  and  North  Uniontown. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Portsmouth  divi- 
sion of  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad,  44 
miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth,  84  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marietta, 
and  39  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  contains  8 
churches,  a  union  school,  6  blast-iron-furnaces,  3  banks,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  planing-mills.     Three 


I 


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weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Coal  and  iron 
ore  abound  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  4320. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1532. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  818. 

Jackson,  a  village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Licking 
township,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  31  miles  E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school.  Pop. 
^438.  The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Jacksontown ;  of  its 
station.  National  Road. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.     Pop.  909. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  on  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  1354.     It  contains  Cochransville  and  Centre  View. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.  Pop.  2170. 
It  contains  Farmersville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  1147. 
tt  contains  Frazeysburg. 

Jackson,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  township,  Muskin- 
gxim  CO.,  0.,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.     Pop.  56. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1190. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  556. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1539. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  1202. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.  Pop.  1840.  It 
contains  Sharonville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1430. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  737. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  934. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.  Pop.  1360. 
It  contains  Burgoon  and  Millersville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1131. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1461.  It 
contains  Jackson  Centre  and  Montra. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1616. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  935. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Van  "Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  249. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1294, 

Jackson  (Old  Hickory  Post-OfiBce),  a  hamlet  of  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  in  Canaan  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Akron. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  347. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  771. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1137,  ex- 
clusive of  the  boroughs  of  Harmony  and  Zelienople. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  906. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  565. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1036. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  964. 
Bome  coal  has  been  here  mined. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1662.     It  contains  McAlevy's  Fort. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3437. 
It  contains  Myerstown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  624. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  542. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  762.  It 
contains  Jackson  Centre. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  851. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.  P.  886. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1103.  It 
contains  Blain. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  49. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  712. 

Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1175. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  New 
York  line.     Pop.  1531. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  720, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Cooperstown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1499. 

Jackson,  a  station  in  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  2^  miles  N.W.  of  River  Point. 

Jackson,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Madison  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  River,  and 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Illinois  Central  and  Tennessee  Midland  Railroads,  about 
90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  107  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Cairo,  111.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Southwestern  Baptist  Uni- 
versity, founded  in  1874,  and  has  a  court-house,  2  national 
and  2  private  banks,  an  opera-house,  11  churches,  several 
female  seminaries,  gas-works,  3  planing-mills,  a  spoke- 
factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and  the  workshops  of  the  railroad 
companies.  Three  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Cotton  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Pop. 
in  1880,  5377;  in  1890,  10,039. 


Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonisa  oo.,  Va.,  about  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  461. 

Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  The 
township  contains  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2042. 

Jacksonboroagh,  Ohio.    See  Jacksonburg. 

Jack'sonborough,  a  post- village  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Edisto  River,  and  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Jack'son  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co. 
Me.,  in  Jackson  Brook  township,  1  mile  E.  of  Baskahegai 
Lake,  and  about  44  miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  206. 

Jack'sonburg,  a  post-oflSce  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Jacksonburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Harrison  township,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  109. 

Jacksonburg,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Blairstown  Station.     It  has  a  spoke-factory. 

Jacksonburg,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th« 
Mohawk  River  and  the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Littlo 
Palls. 

Jacksonburg,  or  Jacksonborough,  a  post-village 
of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne  township,  32  miles  N.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  a  church,  and  near  it  are  ancient  mounds 
Pop.  127. 

Jackson  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  La  Porte.     It  has  a  church. 

Jackson  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  0., 
about  50  miles  N.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jackson  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Mercer.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and 
about  25  houses.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Jackson  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  HI. 

Jackson  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co. 
N.Y.,  on  the  Rhinebeck  <fc  Connecticut  Railroad,  18  milet 
N.E.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Jackson  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa., 
10  miles  W.  of  Stroudsburg.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Jackson  Court-House,  or  Rip'ley,  a  post- village, 
capital  of  Jackson  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  Mill  Creek,  about  32 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Charleston,  and  11  miles  from  the  Ohio 
River.  The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Jackson  Court-House. 
It  has  a  newspaper  oflBce,  3  churches,  3  hotels,  an  academy 
or  graded  school,  a  woollen-mill,  &o. 

Jackson  Hal  1,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Jack'sonham,  a  post-office  and  store  of  Lancaster  oo., 
S.C,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Jackson  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  S.  of  Lexington,  and  46  miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  Jackson  Hill  township,  637. 

Jack'sonport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co,, 
Ark.,  on  the  White  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Black, 
85  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  2  or  3  miles  from  New- 
port Railroad  Station.  It  is  supported  partly  by  trade 
and  the  navigation  of  the  river.  It  has  a  newspaper  offioe, 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     P.  in  1890,  421. 

Jacksonport,  a  post-office  in  Jacksonport  township, 
Door  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  37  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Oconto.  Cedar  posts,  railroad-ties,  and  firewood  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  273. 

Jackson,  Port,  Australia.    See  Port  Jackson. 

Jack'son's,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Berlin. 

Jackson's,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore A  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E,  of  Parkersburg, 

Jackson's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo..  Mo,, 
about  48  miles  N.N,E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Jackson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

Jackson's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Jackson's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of 
Opelika,     It  has  3  stores, 

Jackson's  Lake,  Wyoming,  is  about  2  miles  from 
Mount  Moran,  and  near  the  western  boundary  of  Wyo- 
ming. Its  surface  is  6806  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  about, 
8  miles  long  and  258  feet  deep.  An  outlet  which  issues 
from  it  is  the  main  branch  or  head-stream  of  Snake  River. 

Jackson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  22 
miles  E.  of  Bordentown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jackson's  Mills,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Coldbrook. 

Jackson  Springs,  a  post-township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  537. 


JAC 


1490 


JAC 


Jackson's  River,  a  branch  of  the  James  River,  Vir- 
ginia, rises  by  two  forks  in  Highland  co.,  and  drains  part 
of  Bath  CO.  It  runs  southward  to  Covington,  below  which 
it  flows  nearly  northeastward  until  it  unites  with  the  Cow- 
pasture  River  in  the  N.  part  of  Botetourt  oo.  Its  length, 
including  one  fork,  is  nearly  120  miles. 

Jackson  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Kokomo. 

Jackson  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co..  Mo., 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Council  BluflFs  <fc 
Omaha  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Jackson  Station,  a  post-oflBice  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  15  miles  S.B.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Jackson  Summit,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  from  Mayfield  Station. 

Jackson  Summit,  a  post-oflSce  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  at  Summit  Station  on  the  Tioga  A  El- 
mira  State  Line  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira. 

Jacksontown,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Jackson. 

Jackson  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Jack'sonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  145  miles 
N.E.  of  Selma,  and  51  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  Ga.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Calhoun  College,  and  s 
female  academy.     Pop.  in  1880,  882;  in  1890,  12.37. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Bock. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Jacksonville,  a  decayed  village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Tuolumne  River,  about  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stockton. 
It  formerly  had  a  rich  gold-mine. 

Jacksonville,  the  most  populous  city  of  Florida,  and 
the  capital  of  Duval  oo.,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  W.  bank 
of  the  St.  John's  River,  about  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  at 
the  east  terminus  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile 
Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Fernandina,  155  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Savannah,  and  165  miles  by  railroad  E.  of  Tallahassee. 
Lat.  30°  19'  38"  N.j  Ion.  81°  30'  W.  It  has  increased 
rapidly  in  the  last  decade.  The  river  is  navigable  by 
steamboats  200  miles  above  this  place.  Two  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  Jacksonville  has 
14  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high  school,  the  Stanton 
Institute,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  marmalade,  moss, 
Boap,  and  machinery.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  ex- 
port. Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  city  and  Palatka. 
Pop. in  1860,2118;  in  1880,  7650;  in  1890,  17,201. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  is  in  a 
level,  sandy  country,  1  mile  from  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and 
about  135  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Jacksonville,  a  city  of  Illinois,  and  the  capital  of 
Morgan  co.,  is  situated  on  a  fertile  undulating  prairie,  34 
miles  W,  by  S.  of  Springfield,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy, 
67  miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  90  miles  N.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It 
18  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  on  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern 
Line,  the  latter  of  which  extends  from  St.  Louis  to  Chicago 
through  this  city.  Jacksonville  contains  26  churches,  with 
many  handsome  buildings,  and  is  noted  for  its  educational 
and  charitable  institutions.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Illinoia 
College,  which  was  organized  in  1830  and  has  a  library 
of  14,000  volumes.  This  city  also  contains  a  high  school, 
the  Illinois  Female  College,  the  Jacksonville  Female  Acad- 
emy, a  conservatory  of  music,  a  business  college,  a  state 
asylum  for  the  insane,  an  institution  for  the  education  of 
the  blind,  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  2  national 
banks,  4  other  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2 
daily  and  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  The  institutions  for 
the  blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb,  and  the  insane  are  sup- 
ported by  the  state.  The  capital  of  the  banks  amounts  to 
•bout  $1,500,000.  It  has  a  large  woollen-mill,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $200,000,  car-works,  water-works,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  candy,  paper,  fumishing-goods,  pumps  and 
windmills,  boilers,  cigars,  cigar-boxes,  soap,  flour,  patent 
swings,  flavoring  extracts,  bricks  and  tiles,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1860, 
6528;  in  1870.  9203;  in  1880,  10,927;  in  1890,  12,935. 

Jacksonville  (Wallace  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Foun- 
tain CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Crawfordsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-office  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jacksonville  township,  about  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charles 
City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1039. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Neosho  River,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oaage  Mission.  It 
hat  2  nhurchea. 


Jacksonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eemper  co.,  Miss.,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Lockhart, 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.  of  Macon  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greeley  co..  Neb.,  45 
miles  N.  of  Grand  Island,     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Springfield  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Trenton.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Jacksonville)  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cox- 
sackie  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Coxsackie.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  New  York.    See  Mount  Vision. 

Jacksonville,  a  post- village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  2i  miles  W,  of  Cayug* 
Lake,    It  has  a  church  and  about  50  houses, 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Onslow  co., 
N.C.,  in  Jacksonville  township,  near  an  inlet  of  the  ocean, 
about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  60 ;  of  the  township,  1166. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Adams  co.,  C,  in  Meigs 
township,  on  Brush  Creek,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Ports- 
mouth. It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Here  la 
Dunbarton  Post-Office. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Oregon,  is  in  the  fertile  valley  of  Rogue  River,  26  miles  W. 
of  the  Cascade  Range,  and  180  miles  in  a  direct  line  S,  of 
Salem,  It  has  2  churches,  a  Catholic  academy  for  girls,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  banking-house.    Pop.  in  1890,  734 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in  Nittany 
Valley,  amid  beautiful  scenery,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Lock 
Haven.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop.  about  ISO.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Walker. 

Jacksonville,  a  hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  6  miles  E.  of  Halifax.  It  has  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  2  stores,  &o.     Here  is  Enders  Post-Office. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich 
Hill  township,  16  miles  W.  of  Waynesburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Wind  Ridge. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Young 
township,  about  38  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  141.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Kent. 

Jacksonville,  a  post- village  and  station  in  Lynn  town- 
ship, Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  Maiden  Creek,  and  on  the  Reading 
or  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  2  distilleries,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  28 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  is  on  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad 
extending  to  Rusk.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-milL  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1880,  349 ;  in  1890,  970. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  in  Whitingham  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  a  tannery,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  chairs,  lumber,  flour,  sash,  and  doors. 

Jacksonville,  Virginia.    See  Flotd  CouRT-HonsE. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Jack'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo..  New 
Brunswick,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  river  St.  John,  4J 
miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  4  stores  and  a  tan- 
nery.    Pop.  300. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  in  Kings  oo..  Nova  Sootia,  on 
the  South  Mountains,  6  miles  from  Aylesfotd.     Pop.  120. 

Jack'sonwald,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  ■> 
miles  E.  of  Reading. 

Jack'sonwood,  a  post-office  of  Amite  co..  Miss. 

Jack's  Reef,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Peru, 

Jacks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co,.  Pa,,  about  ID 
miles  E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jacmel,  or  Jacquemel,  zh&k^mil',  a  town  of  Hayti, 
on  its  S.  coast,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Port  an  Prince,  with  a  good 
anchorage  and  a  trade  with  the  United  States.  Lat.  18° 
13'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  33'  W.     Pop.  6000. 

Ja^cobabad',  or  Khan'ger,  a  town  of  British  India, 
capital  of  Jaoobabad  district,  Sinde,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Shikarpoor,  and  naar  the  Beloochee  frontier.    Pop.  5205. 

Ja'cob  City,  a  post-office  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah. 

Jacobi  (ja-ko'bee)  Island,  one  of  the  Sitka  Islands, 
of  Alaska. 

Jacobina,  zh&-ko-bee'n&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
210  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Itapicuru,  here  joined 
by  the  Oura.     Pop.  of  the  district,  10,000. 

Jacob's  Bight,  Greenland.    See  Omenak-Fiord. 

Ja'cobsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  charoh. 


JAC 


1491 


JAH 


Ja'cob's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  westward,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Fayette  and  Westmoreland 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Youghiogheny  River. 

Jacob's  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  <fc  Baltimore 
Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacob's  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C., 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Newton.     Pop.  1106. 

Jacobshagen,  yi'kobs-hi^gh§n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Pomerania,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  1887. 

Jacob's  Mills,  a  post-oflSce  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Hanover  <fc  York  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Jacobstad,  y&'kob-st5,d\  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nikolaistad.    P.  2118. 

Jacobstad,  y&'kob-st&t\  or  Jacobsstadt,  y&'kobs- 
stittS  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on  the  Diina,  78  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  4567. 

Ja'cobstown,  or  Ja'cobston,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  5  miles  from  Cuba.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  church. 

Jacobstown,  a  small  post-village  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ja'cobsville,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patapsco  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  public  hall. 

Jacobswalde,  y&'kpbs-Mrd^h,  or  Kotlarnia,  kot- 
IaR'ne-&,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  31  miles  S.E.  of 
Oppeln.     Pop.  1060. 

Jacot'ta,  a  maritime  town  of  India,  dominion  and  15 
miles  N.  of  Cochin. 

Jacova,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Yacova. 

Jacquemel,  a  town  of  Hayti.     See  Jacmel. 

Jacques- Cartier,  zh&k-kaRHe-i',  a  river  of  Quebec, 
after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  50  miles,  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  on 
the  left,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Quebec,  to  which  city  and  its 
environs  it  is  important  as  a  defensive  barrier. 

Jacques- Cartier,  a  county  of  Quebec,  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  island  of  Montreal,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  W,  and  N.  by  the  river  Ottawa. 
Area,  56,032  acres.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway.     Capital,  Pointe  Claire.     Pop.  11,179. 

Jacquinot  (zh&^kee^no')  Island,  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Papua,  in  lat.  3°  24'  S.,  Ion.  144°  24'  E. 

Jactus,  the  Latin  for  Les  Gets. 

Jacuhy,  zhi-koo-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  enters  the  Lake  of  Patos  (which  is  rather  its 
expansion)  at  its  N.  extremity,  after  a  S.  and  E.  course  of 
upwards  of  250  miles. 

Jad'den,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

Jade,  Germany.     See  Jahde  and  Wilhelmshafen. 

Jadera,  or  Jader,  the  ancient  name  of  Zara. 

Jadraque,  orXadraque,  H&-dr&'k&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1645. 

Jad'win,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co.,  Mo. 

Jaen,  or  Xaen,  ui-in',  a  city  of  Spain,  a  bishop's  see, 
and  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  in  a  hilly  dis- 
trict, 37  miles  N.  of  Granada.  Pop.  22,938.  It  is  enclosed 
by  turreted  walls,  and  commanded  by  a  fortress  on  a  neigh- 
boring hill.  It  has  2  cathedrals,  several  hospitals,  public 
fountains,  a  fine  promenade,  a  brisk  trade  in  the  agricul- 
tural produce  of  the  neighborhood,  and  manufactures  of 
coarse  woollens  and  linens.  The  extensive  manufacture  of 
silks  which  existed  here  under  the  Moors  has  disappeared. 
Jaen  was  an  important  city  under  the  Romans.  Under  the 
Moors  it  was  the  capital  of  the  small  kingdom  of  Jaen,  and 
was  taken  by  Ferdinand  II.,  of  Castile,  in  1246. 

Jaen,  a  province  of  Andalusia,  Spain,  in  the  valley  of 
the  Guadalquivir,  80  miles  in  length  by  70  in  breadth. 
Area,  5184  square  miles.     Capital,  Jaen.     Pop.  392,100. 

Jaen  de  Bracamoros,  H&-dn'  d&  br&-k&-mo'roce,  a 
town  of  Ecuador,  department  of  Asuay,  and  the  capital  of 
its  southernmost  province,  on  the  Chinchipe,  near  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Amazon.    Pop.  about  2000. 

Jaes,  a  town  of  India,  Roy  Bareilly  division.    P.  11,689. 

Jaezlowiec,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Jazlowice. 

Jafarabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Japferabad. 

Jafarganj,  India.    See  Jaffiergunge. 

Jaffa,  Jaffa  or  yif 'fi,  Yafa,  or  Yaffa,  yif 'fi  (anc. 
Joppa),  a  town  of  Palestine,  on  a  tongue  of  land  projecting 
Into  the  Mediterranean,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gaza,  and  31 
miles  (54  by  a  railway  opened  in  1890)  N.W.  of  Jerusalem. 
Lat.  32°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  46'  E.  It  is  built  on  a  declivity, 
and  has  a  fortress,  several  mosques  and  churches,  some 
convents,  and  trade  in  cotton,  corn,  fruits,  and  coral.  It 
was  the  port  of  Jerusalem,  and  the  landing-place  of  the 
cedars  with  which  the  temple  in  that  city  was  built.  In 
1799  it  was  taken,  after  a  sanguinary  siege,  by  Napoleon, 


when  1200  Turkish  prisoners,  who  (it  wa«  alleged)  had 
broken  their  parole,  were  put  to  death.     Pop.  10,000. 

Jaffa,  Yafa,  or  Yana  (anc.  Japha  ;  Script.  Japhia), 
a  village  of  Palestine,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Nazareth,  with  about 
30  houses,  and  probably  the  same  place  as  was  fortified  by 
Josephus  and  subsequently  taken  by  the  troops  of  Titus. 

Jaf^fateen'  (or  Jaffatine,  j&f-fi-teen')  Islands,  a 
group  in  the  Red  Sea,  near  the  Gulf  of  Suez. 

Jafferabad,  jif  ^f^r-i-bid',  a  town  of  India,  in  Guze- 
rat,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Diu  Head. 

Jafferabad,  a  town  of  India,  in  Hyderabad,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Godavery,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Jaulnah. 

Jaffiergnnge,  jif  ^feer-giinj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the 
Ganges,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dacca. 

Jaffnapatam,  j&f  ^na-pil-tim',  or  Jaff'na,  a  town  of 
Ceylon,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  island  of  the  same  name, 
with  a  good  harbor,  a  fort  of  white  coral,  a  trade  in  tobacco, 
palmyra  wood,  and  shells,  and  active  manufactures  of 
cloth,  cotton  prints,  cocoanut  oil,  gold,  jewelry,  <kc.  It  is 
built  in  the  Dutch  style,  and  is  clean,  with  broad  and  well- 
shaded  streets.     Pop.  34,713. 

Jaffnapatam,  a  district  of  Ceylon,  consisting  mainly 
of  an  island  of  the  same  name,  lying  N.  of  Ceylon  proper, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait,  easily  ford- 
able  on  horseback.  It  is  low,  dry,  and  of  coral  formation, 
but  affords  much  palmyra  timber,  tobacco,  rice,  fruit,  <tc. 
Its  people  are  noted  for  industry  and  intelligence,  but  are 
grossly  immoral.     Capital,  Jaffnapatam.     Pop.  245,983. 

Jaf'frey,  a  post-village  in  Jaffrey  township,  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery.  The  Great  Monadnock  Mountain  is 
in  this  township,  which  contains  also  a  larger  village,  named 
East  Jaffrey  (station  name,  Jaffrey).     P.  of  township,  1256. 

Jagan,  j&-g&n',  a  small  town  and  fort  of  the  Punjab,  in 
its  N.  part.     Lat.  32°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  5'  E. 

Jaganatha,  Jaggernaut,  Jaggannatha.  See 
Juggernaut. 

Jagaraga,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Djagaraga. 

Jagath,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tetooan. 

Jagdispnr,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jugdeespoor. 

Jagepoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jajpoor. 

J£lgerndorf,  yi'gh^m-doRr,  or  Karnow,  kaR'nov. 
a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  milea 
N.W.  of  Troppau,  between  the  Great  and  Little  Oppa.  Pop. 
8442.  It  is  enclosed  by  high  walls,  and  has  a  handsome 
church  with  a  spire  230  feet  high,  an  old  ducal  castle,  high 
school,  hospital,  and  theatre.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  medi- 
atized principality  belonging  to  Prince  Liechtenstein. 

Jaghatoo,  or  Jaghatn,  ji-gi-too',  a  river  of  Persia, 
province  of  Azerbaijan,  rises  in  Mount  Zagros,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman,  flows  northward,  and  enters 
Lake  Ooroomeeyah  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Binab.  Length, 
130  miles. 

Jagodin,  y&-go-deen',  or  Jagodina,  y&-go-dee'n&,  a 
town  of  Servia,  near  the  Morava,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Semen- 
dria.     Pop.  4385. 

Jagotin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yagotin. 

Jagst.     See  Jaxt. 

Jagua,  or  Xagna,  H&'gw&,  a  river  of  Honduras,  enters 
the  Caribbean  Sea  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Trujillo,  after  a  N. 
course  of  120  miles. 

Jagua  Bay,  or  Bahia  de  Jagua  (or  Xagua),  b&- 
ee'4  di  ni'gwS,,  a  fine  bay,on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba,  45  miles 
N.W.  of  Trinidad,  and  defended  by  a  strong  castle  on  Cape 
de  los  Angeles.    Upon  it  is  the  town  of  Cienfuegos. 

Jaguarfto,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Serrito. 

Jaguari,  zh&-gw&-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Mi- 
nas-Geraes,  on  the  W.  slope  of  Serra  de  Mantiqueira,  and 
on  the  road  from  Rio  Janeiro  to  the  towns  of  Sao  Paulo  and 
Campanha. 

Jaguaribe,  zh&-gw&-ree'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  mountains  of  Boa  Vista,  state  of  Cear&,  and  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  about  lat.  4°  8'  S.,  Ion.  37°  60'  W.  Total 
length,  about  460  miles. 

Jaguaripe,  zh4-gw&-ree'p&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bahia,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name. 

Jahalu,  j&-h&-loo',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bijnaur 
district.     Pop.  5979. 

Jahanabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jehanabas. 

Jahde,  yi'd^h,  a  river  of  North  Germany,  in  Olden- 
burg, after  a  northward  course  of  13  miles,  enters  a  wide 
estuary  of  the  North  Sea,  20  miles  in  length  by  12  miles  in 
breadth,  immediately  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Weser. 

Jahde,  or  Jade,  yi'd§h,  a  small  detached  territory  of 
Prussia,  on  the  coast  of  Oldenburg,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Jahde  estuary,  with  the  town  and  naval  station  of  Wilhelm»- 
hafen.     It  was  ceded  in  1864  by  Oldenburg. 


JAH 


1492 


JAM 


Jahde,  a  port  of  Prussia.     See  Wilhelmshapen. 
Jahicos,  zh4-ee'koce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  70 
jiiles  E.S.B,  of  Oeiras,  near  the  Itahim.     Pop.  2000. 

Jahil,  ji-heel',  a  town  of  North- West  India,  68  miles 
N.W.  of  Ajmeer. 

Jah-Jerm,  ji-jirm,  atown  of  Persia, in  Khorassan,  in 
its  N.  part,  25  miles  N.  of  Abbasabad. 

Jaluou,  or  JaUJow,  ji-j5w',  a  town  of  India,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Agra. 

Jahiore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jallobb. 

Jahnevi,  ji^ni-vee',  a  river  of  India,  in  Gurhwal,  one 
of  the  early  affluents  of  the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  near 
Gangootri. 

Jahnsdorf,  yins'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  near  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2051. 

Jaicza,  yit's4,  Jaitze,  or  Jaicze^  yit's^h,  a  forti- 
fied  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Verbas,  30  miles  S.  of  Bania- 
looka.     Pop.  4000. 

Jaighur,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Ztghub. 

Jaihan,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Jyhoon. 

Jaua^  or  Jaya,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Jsja. 

Jaik)  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ural. 

Jailuni)  India.     See  Jhtluh. 

Jaimpoor)  a  town  of  India.    See  Jampoob. 

Jaina,  a  river  and  bay  of  Hayti.    See  Haina. 

JainagaF)  a  town  of  India.    See  Jotnuggeb. 

Jainal)  atown  of  India,  district  of  Bharaich.    Pop.  4510. 

Jaispitz,  yis'pits,  or  Alt- Jaischwitz,  ilt-ylsh'^^ita, 
a  town  of  Moravia,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  1100. 

Jaitpoor^  jlt^poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Guzerat 
Peninsula,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Joonaghur. 

Jajarcote,  j&-jar-k5t',  a  town  of  India,  136  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lucknow. 

Jajpoor,  Jajpur,  jij^poor',  or  Jfu^pore',  written 
also  JagepooT)  jS,j^poor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Cuttuck,  on  the  river  Byturney.  It  is  noted 
as  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  in  ruins. 
Pop.  10,753. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  y&-k&'tr&,  a  former  kingdom 
in  the  island  of  Java,  now  divided  into  the  Dutch  prov- 
inces of  Batavia,  Buitenzorg,  Krawang,  and  Preanger. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  a  former  town  in  the  island  of 
Java,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  the  same  name.  Its  site  is 
now  occupied  by  Batavia. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  one  of  the  present  divisions  of 
Batavia,  in  the  island  of  Java. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  a  bay  on  the  N.  ooast  of  Java, 
into  which  falls  a  river  of  the  same  name,  also  oalled 
Tjiliewong. 

Jakau,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jcckow. 

Jake's  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo..  Mo. 

Jake's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jakhwa,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yakhva. 

Jako,  yi'ko^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Vesiprim,  11 
miles  S.B.  of  Papa.     Pop.  1350. 

Jakobshavn,  y&'kobs-h5wn\  a  village  or  Danish  set- 
tlement in  Greenland,  opposite  Disco  Island. 

Jakobstadt,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Jacobstadu 

Jakohalma,  y6h^ko'61'm5h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
on  the  Tarna,  about  4  miles  from  Jasz-Bereny.    Pop.  2588. 

Jakubjan,  yi^koob^yin',  or  Jakobsau,  yi'kob'B5w\ 
a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leut- 
Bchau.     Pop.  2171. 

Jakuno  Sima,  Japan.    See  Takoono  Seeha. 

Jakutsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Yakootsk. 

Jalacho,  or  Xalacho,  H&-l&'cho,  a  village  of  Yuca- 
tan, on  the  main  road  between  Merida  and  Campeachy. 

Jalalabad,  India.    See  Jelalabad. 

Jalali,  a  town  of  India.     See  Julaleb. 

Jalaipur,  India.    See  Julalpoob  and  Jelalpoob. 

Jalance,  or  Xalance,  ni-lin'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  province  and  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valencia,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  La  Hoz  with  the  Jucar.     Pop.  1694. 

Jalandhar,  India.    See  Jullindeb. 

Jalangi,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jelunght. 

Jalapa,  or  Xalapa,  Hi-li'pi,  a  city  of  Mexico,  state 
and  44  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  Pop.  about 
10,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  at  an  elevation  of  4340 
feet,  healthy  and  well  built.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral  and  several  other  churches,  and  the  vast  convent 
of  San  Francisco.  It  is  a  good  deal  resorted  to  by  invalids 
from  Vera  Cruz.  The  drug  jalap  grows  here  wild,  and  de- 
rives its  name  from  this  city,  which  has  large  manufactures 
of  pottery,  leather,  and  cigars. 

Jalap'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissinewa  River,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  churches 
»Ti<i  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  160. 


Jalapa,  a  village  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Laurens 
Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  an  aoademy 
and  2  churches. 

Jalapa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  18  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Jalawan,  a  province  of  Beloochistan.    See  Jhalawam. 

Jalgaon,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jcloattx. 

Jalhay,  zh&M^',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  19 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2200. 

Jali,  j&'lee,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Mozufferpoor  distriot, 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Durbungah.     Pop.  6657. 

Jalisco,  or  Xalisco,  H&-lees'ko  or  aa-lis'ko,  or  Gaa- 
dalfuar&v  gw&-d&-l&-H&'r&,  a  maritime  state  of  Mexico, 
bordering  on  the  Pacific,  between  lat.  18°  45'  and  24°  N. 
and  Ion.  101°  15'  and  106°  15'  W.  Area,  39,163  square 
miles.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  regions  of  Mexico.  The  E. 
portion,  although  traversed  by  the  Cordillera  of  Anahuao, 
IS  extremely  fertile,  and  the  districts  near  the  coast  are  cov- 
ered with  luxuriant  forests ;  but  the  climate  is  unhealthy. 
Jalisco  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  or  Santiago  and  its 
numerous  affluents,  and  on  its  S.  side  has  the  large  lake  of 
Chapala.     Capital,  Guadalajara.     Pop.  (1882)  983,484. 

Jalk,  j&lk,  a  town  in  the  sandy  desert  of  North  Beloo- 
chistan.    Lat.  28°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  E. 

Jailais,  zh&lMi',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Maine* 
et- Loire,  5  miles  E.  of  Beanprtau.     Pop.  1316. 

Jallien,  zh&rie-ch',  a  village  of  France,  in  Isdre, 
arrondissement  of  La-Tour-du-Pin.     Pop.  2723. 

Jallore,  j&l-lSr',  or  Jahlore,  ji-l9r',  a  town  of  India, 
dominions  and  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Joodpoor.  Pop.  15,O0A 
Its  fortress  is  the  strongest  in  this  part  of  India. 

Jalnah,  India.     See  Jaclnah. 

Jalomnitza,  yl-lom-nit'sA,  a  river  of  Wallaohia,  flows 
generally  E.  past  Tergovist,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  the 
left,  opposite  Hirschova.     Length,  140  miles. 

Jalon,  or  Xalon,  ni-lOn',  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the 
Ebro  13  miles  above  Saragossa,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Jalon,  or  Xalon,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  prov- 
ince and  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3030. 

JaPoofs',  or  Jal  ^offs',  a  people  of  West  Africa,  dwell- 
ing between  the  Gambia  and  the  Senegal. 

Jalonn,  or  Jalaun,  Ji-ISwn',  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  the  Jaloun  district,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Cawnpore.  Pop. 
14,242. 

Jalonn,  or  Jaiann,  a  district  in  the  Jhansee  division, 
British  Bundeleund,  India.  Area,  1553  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Jaloun.     Pop.  404,447. 

JalontrovosK,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Yalootrovosk. 

Jalovka,  y&-lov'k&,  a  market-town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  and  40  miles  S.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  1000. 

Jnlpigori,  a  district  of  Bengal.    See  Jolpigorek. 

Jalpuch,  a  river  and  lake  of  Russia.    See  Yalpookh. 

Jalpushkov,  yil-poosh-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Po> 
dolia,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kamienieo.     Pop.  1500. 

Jalta,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yalta. 

Jalutrovosk,  Russia.     See  Yalootrovosk. 

Jama,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yaha. 

Jamaica,  ja-m&'ka  (Sp.  pron.  H&-mI'k&;  Fr.  Jama^ 
Ique,  zh&^m&^eek'),  one  of  the  Great  Antilles,  and  the  prinoi- 

Eal  of  the  British  West  India  Islands,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
etween  lat.  17°  40'  and  18°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  76°  15'  and  78° 
25'  W.,  about  90  miles  S.  of  Cuba.  Its  general  appearance 
is  extremely  beautiful.  On  the  N.  it  rises  into  hills  of  gentle 
ascent,  covered  with  pimento  groves  and  a  brilliant  verdure 
and  intersected  by  vales,  while  on  the  S.  it  presents  abrupt 
precipices  and  cliffs.  Length,  140  miles.  Area,  4250  square 
miles.  The  ooast-line  is  500  miles  long,  and  is  indented 
with  a  great  number  of  excellent  harbors,  of  which  Port 
Royal,  or  the  harbor  of  Kingston,  is  the  most  considerable. 
The  island  is  traversed  by  lofty  mountains  in  all  directions, 
the  principal  chain,  called  the  Blue  Mountains,  occupying 
the  centre,  and  stretching  from  E.  to  W.,  with  a  sharp  crest 
from  7000  to  8000  feet  in  elevation.  The  declivities  are 
covered  with  stately  forests.  The  valleys  are  all  very  nar- 
row, not  more  than  a  twentieth  part  of  the  island  being 
level  ground.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Minho,  Black, 
and  Cobre,  all  emptying  themselves  on  the  S.  coast.  The 
mountains  are  of  calcareous  formation.  The  N.  side  of  the 
island  is  reputed  to  be  the  more  healthy,  though  all  in- 
salubrity ceases  at  an  elevation  of  1400  feet.  The  rainy 
seasons  are  from  May  to  August  and  from  October  to  No- 
vember. Earthquakes  are  frequent ;  hurricanes  less  so  than 
in  the  other  West  India  Islands.  The  soil  is  naturally  less 
productive  than  in  many  of  the  West  India  Islands,  but 
most  of  the  staple  products  of  tropical  climates  are  raised, 
sugar  being  the  chief.  Indigo,  cotton,  and  cacao  were  for- 
merly more  important   staples   than    at  present.     Mais* 


JAM 


1493 


JAM 


Oninea  oorn,  and  rice  are  the  chief  grains  raised.     The 

J>Iantain,  banana,  sweet  potato,  &c.,  compose  the  principal 
ood  of  the  blacks.  I'ine  fruits  are  plentiful.  Sunflower- 
seeds  are  raised  for  the  manufacture  of  oil.  The  other 
products  are  cinnamon,  fine  woods,  and  artificial  grasses. 
Live-stock  in  general  is  good,  as  well  as  numerous.  About 
seven-eighths  of  the  land  belong  to  private  individuals; 
estates  seldom  exceed  1200  acres,  and  have  become  more 
subdivided  since  the  epoch  of  slave-emancipation.  A  large 
part  of  the  soil  is  uncultivated. 

The  commerce  of  Jamaica  is  not  in  a  very  flourishing 
condition,  the  exports  having  fallen  off  considerably  the 
last  few  years.  They  comprise  sugar,  rum,  coffee,  pimento, 
ginger,  arrowroot,  various  drugs,  logwood,  fustic,  lance- 
wood,  mahogany,  lignum-vitsB,  ebony,  honey,  bees'-wax, 
oocoanuts,  and  oranges,  bananas,  and  other  fruits.  The 
principal  ports  are  Kingston,  Montego  Bay,  and  Falmouth. 

Jamaica  is  divided  into  3  counties,  Middlesex,  Surrey, 
and  Cornwall,  and  subdivided  into  14  parishes.  The  gov- 
ernment is  vested  in  a  governor  and  a  council  nominated 
by  the  crown,  and  a  legislative  assembly  of  13  members. 
The  island  has  but  27  miles  of  railway. 

Besides  Spanish  Town,  the  old  capital,  and  Kingston,  the 
chief  port  and  present  seat  of  government,  the  island  con- 
tains the  town  of  Port  Royal,  on  its  S.  side,  and  the  mari- 
time villages  of  Lucea,  Montego  Bay,  Falmouth,  and  St. 
Ann's  on  its  N.  coast,  and  several  minor  ports.  Jamaica 
was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  1494,  colonized  by  Span- 
iards in  1510,  and  taken  by  the  English  in  1655.  The 
Maroons,  originally  runaway  slaves,  obtained  a  tract  of 
land  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  in  1738,  on  which  they 
built  two  small  towns,  and,  with  the  exception  of  a  rebel- 
lion in  1795,  have  remained  peaceable.  Since  the  aboli- 
tion of  slavery  in  1833,  the  prosperity  of  Jamaica  has 
greatly  decreased.  In  1865  the  blacks  rose  in  insurrection, 
which  was  promptly  suppressed,  and  with  it  the  old  system 
of  representative  government.  Of  late  many  Chinese  and 
coolies  are  employed  in  agriculture.  Pop.  in  1871,  506,154; 
in  1881,  580,804;  in  1891,  639,491,  mostly  colored. 

Jamaica,  j^-ma'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olynn  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Brunswick  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Brunswick.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jamaica*  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  2  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Herndon,  and  15  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Guthrie 
Centre.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  and  cheese-,  broom-,  and  tile-factories.     Pop.  300. 

Jamaica,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Jamaica  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  several  of  its  branches,  12  miles  E. 
of  Brooklyn,  and  about  4  miles  S.  of  Flushing.  It  contains 
9  churches,  the  Union  Hall  Academy,  Vienot's  Institute,  a 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  many  elegant  residences.  It  has 
3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and  several  manufactures  of 
carriages.     Pop.  in  1880,  3922 ;  in  1890,  5361. 

Jamaica,  a  post- village  of  Windham  co.,  Yt.,  in  Ja- 
maica township,  on  West  River,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Rutland.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  leather,  shoes,  &o. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1223. 

Jamaica,  a  post-ofiice  of  Middlesex  co.,  Ya. 

Jamaica  Plain,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass., 
within  the  limits  of  Boston,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  in  the  23d  ward 
of  that  city.  It  has  6  churches,  a  convent,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  and  the  Eliot  School. 
Here  are  numerous  fine  residences.  The  Jamaica  Plain 
post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston  post-office. 

Jamaiqne,  West  Indies.    See  Jamaica. 

Jamaja,  an  island  in  the  Eastern  Sea.     See  Djihaja. 

Jamallabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jeualabas. 

Jamalpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jumalpoor. 

Jamaitica,  Hi-m^l-tee'k&,  a  ruined  town  of  Hon- 
duras, 20  miles  N.  of  Comayagua,  with  prehistoric  remains 
of  much  interest. 

Jamari,  zh&-m&'re,  or  Candeas,  k&n-d&'&s,  a  river 
of  Brazil,  falls  into  the  Madeira  about  lat.  8°  40'  S.  and 
Ion.  63°  20'  W.,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  300  miles. 

Jambes,  or  Jambe,  zh5Hb,  a  village  of  Belgium,  on 
the  Mouse,  opposite  Namur.     Pop.  1500. 

Jambi,  or  Jambee,  yim'be,  a  town  of  Sumatra,  130 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Palembang,  extends  for  |  of  a  mile  on  both 
sides  of  the  Jambi  River.  Pop.  3000.  It  exports  benzoin, 
dragons' -blood,  and  rattans  to  Singapore,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  opium  and  salt.  In  and  around  it  many  Hindoo 
sculptures  have  been  discovered.  It  is  the  capital  of  the 
sultanate  of  Jambi,  under  Dutch  supremacy. 

Jam  bo,  Arabia.     See  Yeubo. 


Jamboli,  Eastern  Roumelia.     See  Yamboli. 

Jambootee,  jEm-boo'tee,  a  fortified  town  of  Britisli 
India.     Lat.  16°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  22'  E. 

JambsaTy  or  Jambasar,  India.    See  Juhboseer. 

Jambnrg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yahboorg. 

James,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  210  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Ooltewah.  Pop.  in 
1880,  5187;  in  1890,4903. 

James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

James,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     P^  193. 

James,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  447. 

James  Bayon,  bi'oo,  a  post- village  of  Mississippi  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  James  Bayou 
township,  361. 

Jamesburg,  jamz-burg,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co,^ 
Kansas,  9  miles  W.  of  Wichita. 

Jamesburg,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Freehold  <fc  Jamesburg  Railroad 
and  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Free- 
hold, and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  church,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  shirt-fac- 
tory which  employs  about  100  hands. 

James  City,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Yirginia. 
Area,  estimated  at  140  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  York  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  James  River,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Chickahominy.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating. Maize,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Williamsburg.  The  first  place  at  which  the  English  began 
to  settle  in  the  United  States  was  Jamestown,  in  this  county. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4425;  in  1880,  5422;  in  1890,  5643. 

J'ames  City,  a  hamlet,  Yirginia.    See  Leon. 

James  Creek,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  See  Marklesburo. 

James'  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Soldier  Creek,  12  miles  W.  of  Holton. 

James  Fork  of  White  River  drains  parts  of  Webster 
and  Greene  cos..  Mo.,  runs  southward  through  Christian  co., 
and  enters  the  White  River  in  the  S.  part  of  Stone  co.  It 
is  about  100  miles  long. 

James  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.     Coal  is  found  here. 

James  Island,  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  one  of  the  sea- 
island  chain,  has  James  Island  Creek  on  the  landward  side, 
and  is  bounded  N.  by  Ashley  River  and  Charleston  harbor. 
Pop.  1808. 

James  Island,  one  of  the  Galapagos  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Albemarle  Island,  50  miles 
in  length  by  20  miles  across.  It  is  mountainous,  and  has 
the  inlet  of  James  Bay  at  its  W.  extremity. 

Jameson,  ja'm9-s9n,  a  post- village  of  Daviess  co..  Mo., 
in  Grand  River  township,  near  Grand  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Chillicothe  &  Omaha  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Chil- 
licothe.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
&o.     It  is  an  important  shipping-point. 

James  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39°  51'  10" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  41'  9"  W.,  about  10  miles  from  Central  City. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  13,283  feet  above  sea-level. 

Jamesport,  jamz'port,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Southwestern  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rook 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  and  6  stores. 

Jamesport,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Riverhead  township,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Great  Peconio 
Bay,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  80  miles  E.  of  Brook- 
lyn, and  5  miles  E.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  2  or  3  churches 
and  several  summer  boarding-houses. 

James  River,  North  Dakota.    See  Dakota  River. 

James  River,  of  Missouri,  flows  through  Greene  co., 
and  enters  the  White  River  in  Taney  co. 

James  River,  of  Yirginia,  called  by  the  Indians  Poto- 
hatan,  and  named  by  the  English  in  honor  of  James  I.,  is 
formed  by  Jackson's  and  Cowpasture  Rivers,  which  unite 
near  the  N.  extremity  of  Botetourt  co.  It  runs  eastward 
through  the  S.  part  of  Rockbridge  co.,  and  effects  a  passage 
through  the  Blue  Ridge  at  Balcony  Falls,  the  scenery  of 
which  is  very  picturesque.  It  runs  thence  southeastward  to 
Lynchburg,  below  which  it  flows  northeastward  and  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Appomattox  and  Buck- 
ingham on  the  right  and  Amherst  and  Nelson  on  the  left 
hand.  From  Scottsville  it  pursues  an  E.S.E.  direction  to 
Richmond  City,  where  it  rushes  and  tumbles  over  granite 
rocks  and  meets  the  tide  about  150  miles  from  the  ocean. 


JAM 


1494 


JAM 


Below  this  city  it  runs  southeastward  with  a  very  tortuous 
course,  and  gradually  expands  into  an  estuary  which  is 
more  than  50  miles  long  and  at  some  places  is  nearly  Smiles 
wide.  This  estuary  communicates  with  Chesapeake  Bay 
through  Hampton  Roads.  The  main  ri,ver  is  about  450 
miles  long.  Large  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  City  Point, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Appomattox.  The  James  River  Canal 
follows  the  windings  of  this  river,  and  extends  from  Rich- 
mond to  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

James's  (jimz'^z,  always  pronounced  in  two  syllables) 
Bay,  the  southern  part  of  Hudson's  Bay,  between  lat.  51° 
and  55°  N.  and  Ion.  79°  and  82°  30'  W.  It  is  nearly  300 
miles  long  N.  and  S.,  and  175  miles  wide.  It  encloses  nu- 
merous islands. 

Jamestown,  jamz'tSwn,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Leitrim,  on  the  Shannon,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Carrick. 

Jamestown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Langholm.     Pop.  1163. 

Jamestown,  a  small  town  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island 
of  Barbadoes. 

James  Town,  the  capital  town  of  St.  Helena,  is  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island.  It  has  a  harbor  well  protected 
by  strong  batteries,  a  spacious  parade  lined  with  oflScial 
residences,  and  a  handsome  church.  Streets  branch  from 
this  area,  and  on  the  heights  around  the  town  are  the  houses 
of  the  principal  inhabitants,  among  which  is  Plantation 
House,  occupied  by  the  governor.     See  Saint  Helena. 

Jamestown,  jamz't5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Ark.,  25  miles  S.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  about 
50  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  Here  are  gold-mines.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  brandy  and  wine. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Boulder 
CO.,  Col.,  is  10  miles  from  Long's  Peak,  and  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Boulder.     Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stutsman  co., 
N.D.,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  94  miles  W.  of 
Moorhead,  Minn.  It  is  on  the  James  (or  Jacques)  River, 
near  the  Fort  Seward  Reservation. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chattahoochee  co.,  Ga., 
2  miles  E.  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  18  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  high  school. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  111.,  on  Big 
Shoal  Creek,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a 
church.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  120. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc 
Western  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Jamestown,  a  village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in  James- 
town township,  on  Lake  George,  8  or  9  miles  N.  of  Angola. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Crooked  Creek.     Pop.  of  the  township,  779. 

Jamestown,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.     P.  389. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Jamestown,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Ky., 
about  95  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  court-house,  Ac. 
Pop.  138. 

Jamestown,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  about  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cassopolis.  It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2 
wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  120.     Here  is  Penn  Post-Office. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Jamestown  township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  The 
township  has  forests  of  hard  timber,  and  a  pop.  of  1806. 

Jamestown,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  447. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.,  5 
miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  about  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Booneville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Jamestown,  a  handsome  city  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  and  on  the  navigable 
outlet  of  Chautauqua  Lake,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corry,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Mayville,  and  69  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Buffalo. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  the  hill-sides,  2  miles  from  the 
beautiful  Chautauqua  Lake,  which  is  a  favorite  summer 
resort.  It  contains  16  churches,  4  national  banks,  a  state 
bank,  the  Jamestown  High  School,  16  hotels,  and  numerous 
and  extensive  manufactories,  embracing  textile  fabrics, 
boots  and  shoes,  furniture,  axes  and  other  edge-tools,  pianos, 
iron  fabrics,  brooms,  shirts,  knitted  and  worsted  goods,  fla- 
voring extracts,  Ac.  Three  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     In  the  season  numerous  steamboats 


ply  between  this  place  and  the  head  of  the  lake.  The 
Chautauqua  Outlet  here  furnishes  water-power,  which  is 
employed  in  flouring-mills  and  other  mills.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6336;  in  1880,  9367;  in  1890,  16,038. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Deep  River,  1  mile  from  the  railroad  which  connects  Greens- 
borough  with  Salisbury,  10  miles  S.W.  of  the  former.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  cotton-factory,  and  several 
nurseries.  Gold  and  copper  are  said  to  be  found  near  it. 
Pop.  of  Jamestown  township,  1539. 

JamestOAvn,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     P.  412. 

Jamestown,  a  hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C,  12 
miles  from  Marion.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Silver 
Creek  township,  about  62  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  28 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dayton.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture.     P.  877. 

Jamestown,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     See  Okiole. 

Jamestown,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Shenango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  56 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie,  42  miles  N.  of  New  Castle,  and  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
Jamestown  A  Franklin  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad  connects  it  with  Ashtabula,  0.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  seminary,  2  planing-mills,  4  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  engines,  machinery,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  822. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Jamestown  township,  on  Canonicut  Island,  4  miles  W.  bv 
N.  of  Newport.     Pop.  of  the  township,  488. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fentress  co., 
Tenn.,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Tyler.     It  has  a  church. 

Jamestown,  a  ruined  village  of  James  City  co.,  Va., 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  James  River,  about  45  miles  N.W, 
of  Norfolk.  It  was  settled  by  the  English  in  1608,  and  was 
the  first  place  settled  in  the  United  States  by  that  nation 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  of  James  City  co.,  Va. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in 
Jamestown  township,  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque, 
Iowa.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  stores.  The  township  is 
bounded  W.  by  the  Mississippi,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1194. 

James'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D.,  on 
the  Dakota  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Yankton. 

Jamesville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Worcester. 

Jamesville,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
De  Witt  township,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  A  New 
York  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  plaster,  water-lime  or  cement, 
and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  402. 

Jamesville,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Middle  Grove. 

Jamesville,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C,  in 
Jamesville  township,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  and  on  the 
Jamesville  A  Washington  Railroad,  about  64  miles  N.  of 
New-Berne.  It  has  6  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  valuable 
herring-fisheries.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  James- 
ville and  Norfolk,  Va.     Pop.  150 ;  of  the  township,  2530. 

Jamghaut,  j&m^gawt',  in  India,  is  a  remarkable  pass 
across  the  Vindhyan  Mountains,  30  miles  S.  of  Indore,  with 
an  elevation  of  2328  feet. 

Jamiiena,  or  Xamilena,  H&-me-l&'n&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  7  miles  from  Jaen.     Pop.  1772. 

Jamiltepec,  Mexico.    See  Xamiltepec. 

Ja'mison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  51  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Jamison,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buffalo, 
New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Buffalo. 

Jamison,  a  station  in  Forest  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Titusville  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Tionesta. 

Jamnay,  y3,m'ni,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  35  miles  from 
Leitomischl.     Pop.  1152. 

Jamnitz,  yim'nits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  N.W. 
of  Znaim.     It  has  silver-  and  lead-mines.     Pop.  2651. 

Jamoigne,  zhi^mwin',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Semoy,  18  miles  W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1260. 

Jamo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  18  miles  S. 
of  Thomasville,  Ga. 

Jamoo,  a  town  and  country  of  India.     See  Jummoo. 

Jampol,  or  lampol.     See  Yampol. 

Jam^poor',  or  Jaimpoor,  jam^poor',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  40  miles  S.  of  Dera  Ghazee  Ehan.     Pop.  7798 


JAM 


1495 


JAP 


Jamrood,  jimVood',  a  small  town  of  India,  10  miles 
W.  of  Peshawer,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Khyber  Pass. 

Jamsse,  y&m'si,  a  town  of  Finland,  Isen  and  64  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Tavastehuus.     Pop.  1000. 

Jamsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Tambk. 

Jam'ton,  a  post-oflBce  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0. 

Jamu.     See  Jummoo. 

Jamui,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jcmooee. 

Jamu-Kandi)  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Kakdt. 

Jamushli,  j&-moo8h'lee  (?),  a  large  village  of  Hnssian 
Armenia,  on  the  river  Kars. 

Jana^  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yana. 

Janal)  H&-n&l',  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Diego  oo.,  Cal., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Jan^alns'ka^  or  Jun^alus'ka,  a  post-office  of  Jaok- 
eon  CO.,  N.C. 

Janat)  a  town  of  West  Africa.     See  Ganat. 

Jandrala,  jan-dri'li,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Amritsir 
district.     Pop.  6975. 

Janeiro,  Rio  de,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Rio  Janeiro. 

Jane  Island,  one  of  the  Carolines,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  7°  33'  N.j  Ion.  155°  3'  E. 

Janelew,  janUoo',  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va., 
16  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  pottery,  a 
tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Jane's  (or  Jayne's)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ark.,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Walnut  Ridge,  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Janesvilie,  janz'vil,  a  village  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal,,  on 
Honey  Lake,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Susanville.  It  has  a 
church,  stores,  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  of  township,  441. 

Janesvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  16  miles  from 
Cottonwood  Railroad  Station.    Here  is  Gas  Point  Post-Ofi5ce. 

Janesvilie,  or  Jaynesville,  a  post-village  of  Bremer 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Cedar  River,  and  on 
the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Waverly,  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  large  flour-mill. 

Janesvilie,  a  post-hamlet  in  Janesvilie  township. 
Greenwood  co,,  Kansas,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Verdigris 
River,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Emporia.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 404. 

Janesvilie,  a  post-village  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Janesvilie  township,  at  the  S.  end  of  Elysian  Lake,  and  on 
the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  13  miles  E,  by  S.  of  Man- 
kato,  and  about  27  miles  S.W,  of  Faribault.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1021;  in  1890,  921. 

Janesvilie,  a  village  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Smith's  Mills. 

Janesvilie,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  is 
finely  situated  on  both  sides  of  Rook  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St. 
Paul  Railroads,  70  miles  W-S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  13  miles 
N.  of  Beloit,  and  91  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  mostly 
built  on  a  small  plain  or  level  space  between  the  river  and 
the  blufi's,  which  are  about  100  feet  higher  than  the  river, 
here  crossed  by  2  dams  and  affording  some  2000  horse- 
power for  the  mills.  It  contains  a  court-house  which  cost 
^125,000,  13  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a 
high  school,  a  state  institution  for  the  education  of  the 
blind,  with  about  100  pupils,  2  large  cotton-factories  with 
700  looms,  2  woollen-factories,  7  flouring-mills,  several  ma- 
chine-shops, foundries,  and  manufactories  of  reapers  and 
mowers,  farming-implements,  carriages,  boots,  shoes,  <fcc. 
Two  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9018;  in  1890,  10,836. 

Jangipnr,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Junoetpoor. 

Janik,  ji^neek'  or  ji^nik',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  prov- 
ince of  Seevas,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak. 

Janikul,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yenikale. 

Janjan  Bur^,  Africa.    See  MacCarthy  Island. 

Janjero,  jin-je-ro',  a  country  of  Northeast  Africa,  S.  of 
Abyssinia.     Principal  town,  Janjero. 

Janjowla,  jin-j6w'li,  or  Ganjooly,  g4n-joo'lee,  a 
town  of  India,  57  miles  W.  of  Beeder. 

JankovAcz,  yon^koVits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Bacs,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  7890. 

Jan-Mayen,  yi,n-mi'§n,  written  also  Jean-Mayen, 
an  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  70°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  31' 
W.  On  its  N.  extremity  are  the  Beerenberg  Mountain,  and 
the  Esk,  a  volcano. 

Jan'ney,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Delaware  Branch),  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Jannina,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Yanina. 


Janopol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yanopol. 

Janosda,  yi'nosh*doh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  ot 
Bihar,  near  Sarkad.     Pop.  1330. 

Janoshaza,  yi'nosh^h4'z3h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo 
of  Eisenburg,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Sumegh.     Pop.  2240. 

Janov,  or  Janow,  Russia.    See  Yanov. 

Janow,  y&'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  a  lake, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Lemborg.     Pop.  2018. 

Janow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Tarnopol,  on  an  island  in  the  Sered.     Pop.  2052. 

Jansdorf,  y&ns'doRf,  or  Johnsdorf,  ySns'doRf,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  from  Leitomischl.     Pop.  1420. 

Jan'sen's  Creek,  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  forms  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Columbia  and  Dutchess  cos.,  and 
falls  into  the  Hudson  River  about  4  miles  S.  of  Catskill. 

Jansi,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jhansee. 

Jansuth,  or  Jansut,  jSn'siit,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict of  Mozuffernuggur,  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Meerut.  Pop. 
6121. 

Jantra,  or  lantra,  jkn'tri.,  a  river  of  Bulgaria,  after 
a  N.  course  of  75  miles,  joins  the  Danube  13  miles  E.  of 
Sistova. 

Jan-tse>Kiang,  China.    See  Yang-tse-Kianq. 

Januaria,  zh&-noo-&'re-&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  150  miles  N.  of  Minas-Novas.   Pop.  of  district,  600. 

Januchpol,  or  Janutzpol.    See  Yanooshpol. 

Janville,  zh6NoVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1323. 

Janz6,  zh6N»^z4',  a  village  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1636. 

Japan,  ji-pin',  called  Niphon,  nip^hon',  Nippon', 
or  Dai  (di)  Nippon,  by  the  Japanese  (L.  Japo'nia;  Fr. 
Japan,  zhi^p6N<»' ;  Sp.  Japan,  H4-pon';  Dutch,  Japan,  y4- 
p4n';  Ger.  Japan,  yi'pin),  an  insular  empire  of  Asia, 
composed  of  the  large  islands  of  Hondo,  Kioo-Sioo,  Shiko- 
ku,  and  Jesso,  and  a  great  number  of  smaller  ones  of  various 
dimensions.  With  its  dependencies,  the  Kooril,  Loo-Choo, 
and  Bonin  Islands,  it  is  said  to  comprise,  in  all,  3850  islands, 
islets,  or  rocks,  situated  between  lat.  31°  and  46°  N.  and 
Ion.  129°  and  149°  E.,  having  W.  the  Strait  of  Corea  and  the 
Sea  of  Japan,  and  on  other  sides  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area, 
155,520  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1892,  40,718,677.  Tbe.=e 
islands,  especially  Hondo  and  Kioo-Sioo,  are  extremely 
irregular  in  shape,  their  coasts  much  indented,  and  surface 
very  uneven.  There  are  many  mountains  which  have  been 
or  are  actively  volcanic;  the  chief  of  these,  Fooseeyama, 
near  Yokohama,  the  sacred  mountain  of  Japan,  is  12,440  feet 
high.  The  rivers  are  numerous,  and  generally  wide  at  their 
mouths,  but  their  courses  are  short,  and  they  are  not  navi- 
gable for  many  miles  inland.  Of  the  lakes,  the  principal 
appears  to  be  Oits  Mitsoo,  in  the  S.  of  Hondo,  regarded  by 
the  Japanese  with  superstitious  reverence.  The  interior  of 
Japan  remains  to  a  large  extent  unexplored  by  Europeans, 
although  latterly' several  journeys  have  been  made  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Tokio  and  Kioto. 

In  a  country  extending  over  1 5°  of  latitude,  the  climate  ia 
so  varied  that  almost  every  province  has  different  products ; 
it  is  in  general  mild  and  healthy,  but  hurricanes  and  earth- 
quakes are  frequent.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  in  Kioo- 
Sioo,  Shikoku,  and  the  southern  parts  of  Hondo ;  elsewhere 
it  is  not  so  fertile,  but  it  is  very  carefully  cultivated.  Japan 
is  a  cotton-producing  country,  and  the  soil  is  favorable  to 
its  growth.  Other  products  are  in  great  variety ;  the  chief 
are  rice,  potatoes,  gourds,  numerous  fruits  common  in 
Southern  Europe,  silk,  hemp,  ginger,  tobacco,  tea  in  large 
quantity,  oak,  maple,  ironwood,  cypress,  fir  timber,  varnish, 
camphor,  and  the  bean  from  which  soy  is  made.  Cattle- 
rearing  is  unimportant ;  buffaloes  and  oxen  are  used  only  for 
draught,  and  sheep  are  few.  Fish  abound  on  the  coasts; 
pearls  and  ambergris  are  obtained.  In  some  rural  arts  the 
Japanese  are  unequalled,  such  as  the  dwarfing  of  forest 
trees  and  raising  bulbous  roots  of  an  enormous  size.  Rice 
and  radishes  are  extensively  used  as  food.  In  manufac- 
turing industry  generally  they  equal  the  Chinese,  and  their 
sword-blades  and  other  metallic  goods,  silk  and  cotton 
fabrics,  porcelain,  lacquered  and  japanned  wares,  and 
paper,  are  particularly  excellent.  Within  the  last  few 
years  Japan  has  made  unparalleled  progress  in  civilization 
and  the  adoption  of  Western  manners  and  customs.  The 
feudal  system,  under  which  the  country  was  governed  by 
numerous  lords,  was  abolished  in  1871,  and  the  Mikado 
became  absolutely  the  sovereign  of  the  state.  The  Mikado 
is  frequently  addressed  as  the  Tenno,  or  "  Son  of  Heaven," 
and  also  as  Kwotei,  or  Emperor.  The  empire,  which  was 
formerly  excluded  from  intercourse  with  other  countries, 
is  now  open  to  foreign  commerce ;  consuls  are  appointed, 
and  are  allowed  to  visit  the  interior  of  the  country  under 


JAP 


1496 


JAR 


certain  almost  nominal  restrictions.  The  new  currency  and 
coinage  are  made  to  harmonize  more  or  leas  with  those  of 
Europe  and  the  United  States.  The  yen  corresponds  to  a 
dollar,  and  is  represented  both  in  silver  and  in  gold.  The 
five-yen  piece  in  gold  is  modified  so  as  to  equal  the  British 
sovereign.  The  hundredth  part  of  the  yen  is  called  sen, 
and  there  are  silver  coins  of  the  value  of  five,  ten,  twenty, 
and  fifty  sens,  and  gold  coins  of  two,  five,  ten,  and  twenty 
yens.  The  gold  is  chiefly  obtained  from  the  gold-fields  of 
Sado,  which  have  been  worked  for  centuries.  A  regular 
postal  service  has  been  established  between  the  principal 
towns.  Hundreds  of  miles  of  telegraph-wires  have  been 
established,  and  several  lines  of  railway  are  in  operation. 
.  Coal  exists  in  many  localities,  and  iron  ores  are  also  plenti- 
ful, as  well  as  petroleum,  copper,  kaolin,  gold,  silver,  lead, 
tin,  sulphur,  antimony,  quicksilver,  salt,  Ac.  Numerous 
light-houses  have  been  erected.  There  is  an  effective  system 
of  public  instruction.  There  is  a  university  at  Tokio,  as 
also  a  normal  school  for  the  training  of  teachers.  The  uni- 
versity is  not  strictly  a  university,  but  rather  a  collection 
of  colleges.  Several  of  these  have  been  opened, — such  as 
the  college  of  medicine,  the  engineering  college,  and  a  naval 
college;  and  others  will  be  started  at  an  early  period.  The 
old  Japanese  calendar,  the  era  of  which  commenced  with 
the  accession  of  the  first  of  the  Mikados,  has  been  aban- 
doned in  favor  of  the  European  calendar. 

On  March  31,  1854,  a  general  convention  of  peace  and 
amity  was  signed  between  Japan  and  the  United  States,  by 
which  the  ports  of  Simoda  and  Hakodadi  were  opened  to 
the  ships  of  the  latter  for  trade  and  protection.  It  was  not 
till  November,  1865,  that  the  different  treaties  entered  into 
with  the  trading  naltions  of  Europe  and  America  were  rati- 
fied by  a  decree  of  the  Mikado,  who  had  refused  to  fulfil 
the  obligations  which  the  Japanese  government  had  under- 
taken. The  number  of  ports  now  fully  open  to  foreign  trade  is 
six, — Kanagawa  with  Yokohama,  Hiogo,  Osaka,  Nagasaki, 
Hakodadi,  and  Nee-e-gata.  Tokio  has  also,  since  1865,  been 
thrown  open,  under  certain  restrictions,  to  foreigners.  The 
imports  consist  chiefly  of  cotton  and  woollen  manufactures, 
rice,  sugar,  cotton,  &o.,  and  arms  and  ammunition;  the 
exports  are  mainly  raw  silk,  silk-worms'  eggs,  and  tea. 

The  government  is  despotic.  Since  the  year  1869,  the 
emperor  or  Mikado  has  chosen  to  act  through  an  executive 
ministry,  the  members  of  which  are  to  a  great  extent  re- 
sponsible advisers  of  the  crown.  Previously  the  govern- 
ment had  been  for  many  years  practically  in  the  hands  of 
a  line  of  hereditary  ahoguna,  or  ministers;  and  these  had 
come  to  be  regarded  as  a  kind  of  temporal,  as  the  Mikado 
was  the  spiritual  sovereign.  The  government  is  conducted 
by  the  Sosai,  a  kind  of  premier,  who  is  assisted  by  council- 
lors, who  constitute  an  upper  and  a  lower  chamber  and  whose 
duty  it  is  to  deliberate  upon  the  affairs  of  the  nation.  The 
upper  chamber  is  called  Gijio,  and  is  a  supreme  council 
consisting  of  10  members.  The  Sanjo,  o'r  lower  chamber, 
is  formed  of  20  members.  There  is  also  a  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, composed  of  276  members.  These  members  are 
elected  for  four  years,  one-half  of  whom  retire  every  two 
years,  but  may  be  re-elected.  The  army  is  composed  of 
about  35,000  oflScers  and  men.  The  navy  comprises  17 
vessels,  including  2  iron-clads.  Japan  is  divided  into  72 
governments,  the  governors  of  which  are  termed  dai-mio 
("high-named"),  and  hold  their  oflBces  direct  from  the  sov- 
«reign.  The  laws  are  very  rigorous ;  many  popular  rights 
and  customs,  however,  exist,  and  the  Japanese  are  less  cor- 
ruptly governed  and  less  shackled  by  ancient  usages  than 
the  Chinese.  The  system  of  municipal  government  in  the 
cities  is  apparently  eflacient.  The  ancient  religion  is  Sin- 
toism,  the  priests  of  which  are  said  to  be  descended  from 
the  sun ;  it  has  always  been  the  state  religion.  The  major- 
ity of  the  population  are  adherents  of  Booddhism,  introduced 
into  Japan  about  the  sixth  century  of  the  Christian  era ; 
though  some  profess  the  doctrines  of  Confucius,  and  others 
are  Christians.  The  Japanese  are  of  the  Mongolian  race, 
and  are  stout  and  well  made.  They  are  amiable,  intellec- 
tual, and  patriotic,  and  have  some  science  and  a  taste  for 
music.  Their  language  is  difi"erent  from  that  of  the  Chi- 
nese. Japan  is  said  to  possess  a  written  history  extending 
over  twenty-five  centuries,  and  its  sovereigns  are  reported 

to  have  formed  a  continuous  dynasty  since  660  b.c. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Japanese,  jap-a-neez'  (Fr.  Japonais,  zh4'- 
po^ni'). 

Japan,  or  Djapan,  ji'pin,  a  town  in  the  Island  of 
Java,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Soerabaya.  It  is  the  resi- 
dence of  the  provincial  governor  of  the  interior,  and  has 
several  mosques.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  old  town  of 
Medand  Kamalan. 

Japan  Sea  is  that  portion  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  situ- 


ated between  lat.  35°  and  52°  N.  and  Ion.  128°  and  142°  E., 
bounded  by  the  islands  of  Japan  on  the  E.,  and  by  Russian 
Manchooria  and  the  peninsula  of  Corea  on  the  W.  It  com- 
municates with  the  Pacific,  by  the  Straits  of  La  Perouse 
and  Sangar,  on  the  E.,  and  with  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  by  the 
Channel  of  Tartary,  on  the  N.  It  forms  the  Gulf  of  Corea, 
and  receives  the  river  Amoor. 

Japara,  or  Djapara,  j4-p&'r&,  a  Dutch  residency  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java,  between  lat.  7°  and  7°  35' 
N.  and  Ion.  110°  35'  and  111°  10'  E.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Pop.  1,251,308.  Capital,  Japara,  a  fortified  town  on  the 
W.  coast,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Samarang. 

Japha,  the  ancient  name  of  Safed. 

Japhia,  or  Japho,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Jaffa. 

Japon,  or  Japonia,  and  Japonais.    See  Japan. 

Japura,  Hi-poo'ri,  or  Yupura,  yoo-poo'ri,  written 
al^o  Hyapura  (sometimes  called,  in  the  upper  part  of  its 
course,  the  Caqueta,  k&-k4't&),  a  large  river  of  South 
America,  has  its  chief  source  in  the  Andes  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Paste,  in  lat.  1°  20'  N., 
Ion.  76°  50'  W.,  whence  it  flows  E.  by  S.,  and  then  S.E., 
forming  for  some  distance  the  boundary  between  Ecuador 
and  Colombia.  It  traverses  the  forests  of  Ecuador  and 
Brazil  for  many  miles.  Its  lower  course,  with  a  few  devia- 
tions, is  nearly  due  E.  to  lat.  1°  50'  S.  and  Ion.  65°  15'  W., 
when  it  suddenly  takes  a  S.  direction,  and  falls  into  the 
Amazon  at  lat.  3°  S.  and  Ion.  65°  W.,  having  been  for  more 
than  350  miles  of  its  course  wholly  a  Brazilian  river.  Its 
entire  length  is  upwards  of  1300  miles.  The  navigation 
of  the  Japura  is  interrupted  by  a  great  cataract,  which 
occurs  in  lat.  1°  10'  S.  and  Ion.  72°  20'  W,,  below  which  it 
is  navigated  by  steamers. 

Jaqaemel,  a  town  of  Hayti.    See  Jachel. 

Jarafuel,  or  Xarafnel,  ai-r^-fwil',  a  town  of  Spain, 

Erovince  and  52  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  2102.  Ifc 
as  a  trade  in  wine,  olive  oil,  and  timber. 

Jaragua,  zb&-r&'gw&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyas, 
situated  on  a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  which  formerly 
yielded  rich  gold-washings.     Pop.  2500. 

Jaragna,  one  of  the  best-frequented  seaports  in  the 
state  of  Alagoas,  in  Brazil,  near  Maoayo. 

Jaraic^o,  or  Xaraicejo,  Bft-ri-th&'Bo,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caoeres.    Pop.  1101. 

Jarama,  or  Xarama,  H&-rJL'm&,  a  river  of  Spain, 
unites  with  the  Henares  about  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madrid, 
and  afterwards  falls  into  the  Tagus  a  little  below  Ara^juez. 

Jarandilla,  or  Xarandilla,  H&-r&n-deery&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Caceres,  14  miles  £.  of  Plasencia.     Pop.  1933. 

Jaransk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yaransk. 

Jar'balo,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Jarboesville,  jar'boz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's 
00.,  Md.,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Millstone  Landing,  and  about 
50  miles  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Jarcy,  Jarsy,  zhaR^see',  or  Jargy,  zhaR^zhee',  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  16  miles  from  Chamb^ry.     Pop.  1215. 

Jardines,  HaR-dee'nds  (the  "  gardens"),  two  groups  of 
islets  and  rooks  ofi'  the  N.  and  S.  coasts  of  Cuba. 

Jarenga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yarenga. 

Jarensk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yarensk. 

Jargeau,  zhaR^zhS'  (anc.  Gargoailium  f),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans. 
Pop.  1558. 

Jarkovacz,  yaR^koV&ts',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co 
and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2402. 

Jarlsberg-Laurwig,  yaRls'b^RO-ISwR'^ig,  an  amt 
of  Norway,  S.W.  of  Christiania.  Area,  861  square  miles. 
Pop.  87,494. 

Jarmello,  zhan-mdl'lo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
18  miles  S.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1360. 

Jarmen^yaR'mfn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  61 
miles  N.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  1657. 

Jarnac,  zhan^nik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cognac,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cha- 
rente. Pop.  4390.  It  is  the  great  mart  for  the  wine  and 
brandy  of  the  district,  and  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of 
the  Duke  of  Anjou  over  the  Prince  of  Cond6,  who  perished 
in  the  battle,  1569. 

Jarnac- Champagne,  zhaR^nik'-sh6M^p&n',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Charente-Inflrieure,  6  miles  N.  of  Jonzaa 
Pop.  1316. 

Jaroczyn,  or  Jarotschin,  y4-rot-seen'  or  y4-rotoh'- 
in,  written  also  Jarocin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Posen,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Posen.     Pop.  2469, 

Jaro-Dsangbo,  China.     See  Yaroo-Dzanq-bo-Tsoo. 

Jaromeritz^  yi^ro-mi'rits,  or  Jaromieritz,  yA^ro- 
mee'rits,  a  village  of  Moravia,  about  17  miles  N.W.  of  Znaim. 
Pop.  2277. 


JAR 


1497 


JAS 


Jaromirz,  yi'ro-meeRts^  or  Jaromei-,  yi'ro-maiR*, 
%  town  of  Bohemia,  at  tho  confluence  of  the  Aupe  with  the 
Elbe,  68  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  5442. 

Jaroslav,  or  Jaroslavl,  Russia.    See  Taroslav. 

Jaroslaw,  yi'ro-slJlvS  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Przemysl,  Pop.  11,166,  many  of 
whom  are  Jews.  It  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  a  convent,  a 
normal  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linen, 
liquors,  Ac. 

Jaroslowice,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Joslowitz. 

Jar'rettown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  graded  school. 

Jar'rett's,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Petersburg  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Petersburg. 

Jar'rettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop-  110. 

Jar'rold's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jar'rott'8%  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Belleville  &  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  St.  Louis. 

Jar'row,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on  the 
Tyne,  and  on  a  railway,  5i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gateshead.  Pop. 
18,179,  mostly  engaged  in  collieries  and  in  ship-building. 

Jarsy,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Jarcy. 

Jarun,  j&Voon',  or  Jarom,  j&^rom',  a  walled  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Ears,  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  Pop. 
4000.  It  has  some  trade  in  white  and  printed  cottons,  to- 
bacco, and  iron  from  neighboring  mines. 

Jar'vis,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tex. 

Jar'vis,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Canada  Air-Line  and  Hamilton  &  Lake 
Brie  Railways,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton,  and  13  miles  W. 
of  Cayuga.     Pop. 400. 

Jar'visburg,  a  post-office  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C. 

Jarvis  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Clat.  0°  23'  S.,  Ion.  159° 
64'  W.),  taken  possession  of  by  the  0nited  States  in  1857, 
affords  guano,  has  no  drinkable  water,  and  is  not  inhabited 
save  by  laborers  in  the  guano-beds.     Area,  1000  acres. 

Jarvis'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Jarvis  View,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Jarz6,  zhau^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
6i  miles  W.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  1860. 

Jasch,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Yassy. 

Jasena,  y^-si'nS,,  or  Jassau,  y&s'sdw,  a  scattered 
village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1180. 

Jasenovac,  Croatia.     See  Jaszenovacz. 

Jashpur,  a  state  of  India.    See  Jdshpoor. 

Jask,  jkak,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Kerman,  on 
the  Arabian  Sea,  N.  of  Cape  Jask,  in  lat.  25°  38'  N.,  Ion. 
67°  48'  E. 

Jasliska,  y&s-lis'k&,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Sanok.     Pop.  2000. 

Jaslo,  yJs'lo,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Tarnow.     Pop.  2000. 

Ja'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  about 
26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Jas'per,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Cedar 
and  Rocky  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  A  little  gold  is  said  to  have  been  found  in  this 
county.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  iron.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Monticello.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,439;  in  1880,  11,851;  in 
1890,  1.3,879. 

Jasper,  a  southeastern  county  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  506  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Embar- 
ras  River,  which  runs  southeastward.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of 
Illinois,  and  is  traversed  by  two  railroads,  yfhich  pass 
through  Newton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,234;  in 
1880,  14,515;  in  1890,  18,188. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Kankakee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Iroquois 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
wet  prairies,  forests,  and  "oak  openings."  The  soil  is 
mostly  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  cattle,  Indian  corn, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Chicago  &  Indiana  Coal  and  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chi- 
cago Railroads,  the  latter  passing  through  Rensselaer,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6364;  in  1880,  9464;  in  1890,  11,185. 
9fi 


Jasper,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Skunk  River 
and  the  Nortn  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  u«da- 
lating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cat- 
tle, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminoua 
coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific,  Iowa  Central,  and 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  New- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870,  22,116 ;  in  1880,  25,963 ;  in  1890,  24,943. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Mississippi. 
Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several  small 
affluents  of  Leaf  River  and  by  Tallahoma  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  S.E.  corner 
is  crossed  by  the  New  Orleans  &  Northeastern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Paulding.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,884;  in  1880,  12,126; 
in  1890,  14,785. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  672  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Spring  River  and  Centre  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  walnut,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Rich  lead-mines  have  been  opened  in  this 
county,  which  has  also  zinc-mines  and  abundance  of  good 
limestone  and  sandstone  (Devonian).  It  is  traversed  by 
the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  and  Missouri  Pacific  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Carthage.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,928 ;  in  1880, 
32,019;  in  1890,  50,500. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  840  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Neches  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Angelina  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Jasper.     Pop.  in  1870,  4218 ;  in  1880,  5779  ;  in  1890,  6592. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  50 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  an  academy. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co..  Ark.,  is 
100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.    It  has  2  churches. 

Jasper,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Florida  division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  98 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, a  flour-mill,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pickens  oo.,  Ga.,  50 
miles  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  at  the  southeastern  base  of  the 
Blue  Ridge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Wayne  co,.  III.    Pop.  1016. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Patoka  Creek,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Cincinnati,  Rock- 

fort  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Rockport. 
t  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  in  1880,  1040;  in  1890,  1281. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  722. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  244. 

Jasper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Fair 
field  township,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Adrian.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Midland  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  173. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Camden  co..  Mo.     Pop.  292. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  933. 

Jasper,  a  post-township  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  758. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Midway. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.     Pop.  618. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Ralls  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  1394.  It 
contains  Madisonville. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  93. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Taney  co..  Mo.     Pop.  615. 

Jasper  (often  called  Jasper  Four  Corners),  a  poat- 
village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jasper  township,  about  37 
miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Pop.  200 ; 
of  the  township,  1663. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1992. 

Jasper,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  3  stores.     Pop.  181. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Sequatchie  River,  about  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
the  Tennessee,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Chattanooga.  A  branch 
of  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad  extends  from  thia 
place  to  Bridgeport.  Jasper  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 
Pop  in  1880,  641;  in  1890,  902. 


JAS 


1498 


JAV 


Jasper^  apost-village,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex.,  about 
126  miles  N.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Jasper,  Ontario.    See  Irish  Cbbbk. 

Jasper  City,  Iowa.    See  Eellogg. 

Jas'per  Mills,  or  Sel'den,  a  post-village  of  Fayette 
90.,  0.,  in  Jasper  township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  72  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati.    It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Selden  Post-OflBce. 

Jassan,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Jasejja. 

Jassy,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Yassy. 

Jastrow,  yis'trov,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  90  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths  and  fire-arms.     Pop.  4890. 

Jaswantnagnr.    See  JtrswuNTinjGeuR. 

Jasz- Apathi,  yiss'-Sh'pSh'tee',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in 
Jazygia,  11  miles  E.  of  Jasz-Ber^ny.  Pop.  8200,  employed 
in  agriculture  and  the  cultivation  of  the  vine. 

Jasz-Ber6ny,  yiss^-bi-rain',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in 
Jazygia,  on  both  sides  of  the  Zagyva,  and  on  a  railway,  38 
miles  E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  20,233.  The  principal  edifices  are  a 
large  and  handsome  Catholic  church,  several  other  churches, 
a  Franciscan  convent,  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  and  the 
town  hall,  containing  the  archives  of  Jazygia  and  Cumania, 
on  an  island.  In  the  centre  of  the  river  stands  a  marble 
obelisk  erected  in  1797  in  honor  of  the  Archduke  Joseph. 
Its  principal  trade  is  in  com,  horses,  and  cattle. 

Jaszenovacz,  or  Jasenovac,  y^^s^-no-v&ts',  atown 
of  Croatia,  9  miles  N.N.B.  of  Dubicza,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  TJnna  with  the  Save.     Pop.  2358. 

Jasz-Fenszaru,  yiss-fens^soh^roo',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Zagyva,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Jasz-Ber^ny.  P.  3800. 

Jaszko,  Jaszo,  y&s'so^  or  Josz,  yoss,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Aba  Uj  V£r,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the 
Bodva,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Leutsohau.  It  contains  a  magnifi- 
cent old  Premonstratensian  abbey,  the  church  of  which  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  Hungary.  There  is  also  an  excellent 
library.     Pop,  1880. 

Jasz-Ladany,  y&ss^-ldh^d&il',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
0  miles  from  Jasz-Bereny.     Pop.  6135. 

Jaszlowiec,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Jazlowioe. 

Jatiuum,  an  ancient  name  of  Meaux. 

Jativa,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  San  Felipe  db  Jativa. 

Jatohi,  j&-to'hee,  atown  of  the  Punjab,  Mooltan  division. 
Pop.  6857. 

Jatt,  a  post-office  of  Grant  parish.  La. 

Jauer,  y5w'§r,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Neisse,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liegnitz.  Pop. 
10,392.  It  is  enclosed  by  double  walls  and  a  fosse,  and  has 
a  gymnasium,  numerous  churches,  a  free  school,  2  hospitals, 
houses  of  correction  and  industry,  a  lunatic  asylum,  manu- 
factures of  linens,  woollens,  stockings,  carpets,  and  leather, 
and  an  active  trade. 

Jauernick,  ySw'§r-nik\  or  Jaaernig,  ySw'^r-nia^  a 
town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.  Pop. 
2169. 

Jaiya,  hSw'hI,  or  Atanjai^a,  4-tin-H6w'Hi,  a  river 
of  Peru,  joins  the  Apurimac  145  miles  N.E.  of  Huancave- 
lica,  after  a  very  tortuous  S.E.  and  E.  course  of  at  least  400 
miles.     In  its  lower  part  it  is  called  the  Mantaro. 

Jaiya,  or  AtaiyaiOa,  a  town  of  Peru,  departm»it  of 
Junin,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  125  miles  B. 
of  Lima,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  above  river.  It  has  con- 
siderable trade  in  rural  produce  and  in  cattle.  Pop.  16,000. 
Silver-mines  exist  in  the  province. 

Jaiijac,  zho^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  8 
miles  N.  of  ArgentiSre.     Pop.  1298. 

Jaulda,  jawl'da,  Jhalda,  jil'da,  or  Jhalida,  ji'lee- 
da,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Manbhoom,  56  miles  S.E.  of  Haza- 
rybaugh.     Pop.  3281. 

Jaulnah,  jawl'na,  a  town  of  India,  in  Hyderabad,  34 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Aurungabad.  It  has  a  fort  and  a  canton- 
ment for  troops. 

Jaulnay,  zhgl^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  arron- 
dissement  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  2089. 

Janmnier,  jawm-neer',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  do- 
minions, on  the  Taptee,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Boorhanpoor. 

Jannpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jotjnpoob. 

Jaunsar,  India.    See  Jounsak. 

Janra,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jowbah. 

Janru,  zh5w-roo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  serra 
of  its  own  name,  a  branch  of  the  cordillera  of  Parcels,  in 
the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  S.B.,  and  joins  the  Para- 
guay after  a  course  of  about  220  miles.  Its  principal  afflu- 
ents are  the  Aguapehi  and  Bahia. 

Janziers,  zho^ze-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes.  5  miles  N.E.  of  Barcelonnette.     Pop.  1717, 


Java,  ji'va  or  jah'va  (native,  Jawa,  "rice";  It.  Oiava, 
ji'vi;  Dutch  and  Ger.  Java,  yi'vi;  Fr.  pron.  zhiVi'; 
Sp.  pron.  Hi'vi),  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the 
principal  seat  of  the  Dutch  power  in  the  East,  and,  aftei 
Sumatra  and  Borneo,  the  largest  in  the  Sunda  group,  i 
bounded  N.  by  the  Java  Sea  and  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean 
separated  W.  by  the  Strait  of  Sunda  from  Sumatra,  and  E. 
by  that  of  Bali  from  Bali.  Lat.  5°  52'-8°  51'  S. ;  Ion. 
105°  15'-114°  30'  E.  Its  shape  somewhat  resembles  a 
parallelogram,  the-  greater  axis  lying  E.  and  W.,  with  a 
slight  inclination  N.  at  the  W.  end.  The  island  is  630  miles 
long  by  35  to  120  miles  broad.     Area,  49,730  square  miles. 

The  S.  coast  of  Java  presents  a  continuous  front  of  crags 
and  rocks,  forming  the  outer  edge  of  an  extremely  moun- 
tainous country  ;  the  N.  is  flat  and  low,  and  covered  in  many 
places  with  mangrove  swamps ;  the  former  is  generally  un- 
safe for  shipping,  while  the  latter  affords  excellent  anchorage 
at  almost  all  times  and  places.  The  principal  capes  and 
bays  along  its  coast  are  Java  Head,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Strait  of  Sunda  from  the  Indian  Ocean ;  Cape  St.  Nicholas, 
where  that  strait  opens  into  the  Java  Sea ;  Cape  Panka  at 
the  W.  and  Cape  Sendano  at  the  E.  entrance  of  the  Strait 
of  Madura;  Capes  East  and  South,  at  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Java;  Wyncoop's,  Welcome,  and  Pepper  Bays,  at  the 
W.  end  of  the  island ;  and  along  the  S.  coast  from  W.  to 
E.,  Penanjong,  Pachitan,  Pangol,  Sambreng,  Segara-Wedi, 
Dampar,  and  Gradjagan  Bays.  The  chief  harbors  are  those 
of  Batavia  and  Soerabaya,  on  the  N.,  and  that  of  Culi  Pu- 
jang,  formed  by  the  small  island  of  Kembangan  on  the  S. 

The  island  is  traversed  throughout  its  whole  length  by 
two  chains  of  mountains,  which  in  some  places  unite  and 
again  separate,  forming  ramifications  sloping  gently  down 
to  the  shore.  Both  chains  are  thickly  set  with  volcanoes^ 
active  and  extinct,  varying  from  6000  to  9000  feet  in  height ; 
some  of  them,  rising  even  to  12,000  feet,  are  seen  at  sea  from 
a  great  distance,  and  form  landmarks  to  the  navigator. 

The  mountains  are  intersected  by  large  and  beautiful 
valleys,  watered  by  rivers  and  torrents,  and  covered,  for 
the  most  part,  with  thick  forests.  The  formation  of  the 
island  is  essentially  trachytic,  while  diorite,  limestone,  sand- 
stone, and  other  stones  of  mixed  formation  are  limited  to 
certain  localities.  Java  has  no  metallic  veins  fit  for  being 
wrought;  the  Bantam  coal-mines  yield  lignite;  naphtha 
and  asphalt  abound  in  various  localities;  and  the  salines 
of  Eoewoe,  S.E.  of  Samarang,  yield  a  large  supply  of  salt. 
Warm  medacinal  waters  are  very  plentiful.  The  volcanoes, 
when  in  an  active  state,  are  remarkable  for  the  quantity 
of  sulphur  and  sulphurous  vapors  they  discharge.  The 
crater  of  Tasohem,  at  the  B.  end  of  the  island,  contains  a 
lake  about  one-foorth  of  a  mile  long,  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphuric  acid,  from  which  there  issues  a  stream  of 
acid  water  so  destructive  to  life  that  even  fish  cannot  live 
in  the  sea  near  its  mouth.  An  extinct  volcano  near  Batar, 
called  Quevo  Upas,  or  the  Vale  of  Poison,  about  half  a  mile 
round,  is  held  in  horror  by  the  natives.  Every  living 
creature  that  enters  it  drops  dead,  and  the  soil  is  covered 
with  the  carcasses  of  deer,  birds,  and  even  the  bones  of 
men,  killed  by  the  carbonic  acid  gas  which  lies  at  the  bottom 
of  the  valley.  In  another  crater  "  the  sulphurous  exhala- 
tions have  killed  tigers,  birds,  and  innumerable  insects." 

A  multitude  of  rivers  flow  from  the  N.  and  S.  sides  of 
the  mountains,  affording  supplies  to  innumerable  artificial 
water-courses  used  in  irrigation.  These  streams  are  gener- 
ally rapid,  shallow,  and  encumbered  with  sand-banks.  The 
only  rivers  navigable  for  vessels  to  any  distance  inland  are 
the  Solo,  Kediri,  l^imanok,  and  Tjitaroem;  the  others  are 
only  suitable  for  canoes,  or  for  floating  timber. 

Java  was  formerly  considered  very  unhealthy ;  but,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  marshy  districts  on  the  N.  coast  and 
some  parts  on  the  S.,  the  climate  is  as  salubrious  as  that  of 
any  other  intertropical  country,  and  the  more  elevated 
regions  are  even  remarkably  healthy.  In  the  plains  the 
temperature  during  the  day  is  from  85"  to  94°  Fahrenheit, 
and  during  the  night  from  73°  to  80°.  At  an  elevation  of 
6000  feet  the  thermometer  descends  to  60°,  while  the,#bp8 
of  the  lofty  peaks  are  often  covered  with  ice.  Earthquakes 
and  thunder-storms  are  common,  but  hurricanes  are  rare. 

Including  domestic  and  marine  animals,  100  kinds  of 
mammalia  inhabit  Java.  Though  so  close  to  Sumatra  and 
the  Malay . Peninsula,  neither  the  elephant  nor  the  tapir 
is  found  in  the  island ;  but  in  the  W.  part  the  one-horned 
rhinoceros  is  not  uncommon,  and  in  numerous  districts 
the  tiger,  panther,  and  tiger-cat  keep  the  inhabitants  in 
alarm  by  their  depredations.  The  babyroussa,  and  two 
kinds  of  wild  hog,  form  the  large  game.  Hylohate»  leucia- 
cus,  two  species  of  Semnopithecua,  and  the  Cercopiihecu* 
cynomolgus  are  the  only  representatives  of  the  ape  kind. 


JAV 


1499 


J  AX 


but  thoy  people  the  forests  in  countless  numbers.  Two 
kinds  of  lemurs  inspire  the  inhabitants  with  superstitions 
fear  by  their  mysterious  nocturnal  habits,  and  this  island 
may  be  considered  the  native  seat  of  the  largest  bats,  some 
of  which  measure  5  feet  across  the  wings ;  theymay  be  seen 
suspended  from  the  branches  in  hundreds  during  the  day, 
and  at  night  they  devastate  the  orchards  and  gardens. 
Civets  are  common,  and  supply  a  perfume  of  which  the 
Javanese  are  passionately  fond;  the  wild  ox  {Bos  sondai- 
ciw),  a  beautiful  and  graceful  animal,  which  has  been  found 
untamable,  abounds  in  the  woods;  and  the  buffalo,  said  to 
have  been  brought  from  continental  Asia  in  the  twelfth 
century  by  the  same  prince  to  whom  tradition  assigns  the 
introduction  of  the  rice-plant,  is  the  only  animal  used  in 
agricultural  labor. 

Java  possesses  a  soil  of  astonishing  fertility  and  a  vege- 
tation unrivalled  in  its  luxuriance,  ranging  from  the  palms 
of  the  tropics  to  the  mosses  of  the  temperate  zone.  The 
coast  is  fringed  with  CQCoanut-trees ;  behind  them  the 
ground  rises  gently  to  the  fool  oT^he  mountain-chain,  and 
is  completely  cultivated.  Javanese  villages  of  bamboo 
houses,  surrounded  with  hedges  of  fruit-trees  and  bamboo, 
contrast  agreeably  with  the  vast  fields  of  rice,  artificially 
watered,  and  yielding  often  three  harvests  annually.  Higher 
up  than  the  rice-fields  the  bases  of  the  mountains  are  cov- 
ered with  vagt  forests  of  different_  S£ecie3  j)f  tbe  fig-tree, 
remarkable  for  their  great  height  an3~vlgorous  growth. 
About  5000  feet  above  the  sea  may  be  seen  Podocarpm 
cupressus,  with  its  lofty,  straight  stem,  a  tree  allied  to  the 
^-^^ey,  and  furnishing  the  best  timber  in  Java;  the  Dammar 
pine,  rhododendrons,  and  the  Dipteris  or  two-leaved  fern. 
Laurels  of  numerous  species,  chestnuts,  oaks,  melastomas, 
eugenias,  magnolias,  myrtles,  numerous  orchids,  Ac,  grow 
still  higher  up  the  mountains.  At  an  elevation  of  about 
7000  feet  the  vegetation  changes  its  aspects,  and  mosses 
appear,  which,  with  heaths,  are  the  principal  plants  found 
on  the  loftier  heights.  Some  plants  grow  vigorously  on  the 
brink  of  craters  emitting  sulphurous  vapors,  and  ferns  cover 
the  edges  of  gulfs  filled  with  boiling  mud,  and  form  a  border 
to  sulphurous  marshes,  their  roots  growing  in  the  acid 
waters.  The  famed  poison-tree,  the  Upas  {Antiaris  toxi- 
caria),  is  a  noted  Javanese  plant.  Forests  of  teak  cover  a 
very  extensive  surface  in  thirteen  of  the  provinces. 
^ioe  forms  the  staple  food  of  the  natives,  and  is  raised 
in  astonishing  quantities.  Coffee  raised  from  Mocha  seed 
is  extensively  cultivated,  and,  with  sugar,  forms  one  of 
the  staples  of  the  island,  its  export  greatly  exceeding  even 
that  of  rice.  Cotton  of  two  kinds  is  grown,  and  consider- 
able quantities  are  exported;  and  the  cultivation  of  indigo, 
nutmegs,  cloves,  cinnamon,  cochineal,  pepper,  pimento, 
tobacco,  tea,  and  cocoanuts  is  earned  on  witn  success."  The 
population  is  almost' "WhoTly  agricultural;  beyond  a  few 
large  towns,  it  is  distributed  over  the  island  in  villages, 
each  governed  by  a  native  chief  of  its  own  election.  Each 
family  has  its  own  portion  of  land,  varying  from  half  an 
acre  to  six  acres.  About  a  third  of  the  cultivated  ground 
is  supposed  to  be  thus  occupied. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  foreign  trade  is  carried  on  through 
the  ports  of  gata,via,  Samarang,  and  Soerabaya,  and  is 
chiefly  in  the  hands  of  theT5utch  and  Chinese. 

Public  improvements  in  Java  have  lately  been  much  ex- 
tended ;  many  forts  have  been  constructed  in  the  interior, 
and  commercial  stations  planted  in  the  S.  part  of  the  island. 
Begular  steam  communication  is  kept  up  with  the  leading 
eastern  ports.  About  850  miles  of  railway  are  (1894)  in 
operation.  Perfect  religious  toleration  exists,  and  much 
attention  is  given  by  the  government  to  education. 

Government  and  Revenue. — A  governor-general  or  vice- 
roy is  supreme  ruler,  with  command  of  both  the  army  and 
navy,  in  all  the  Dutch  provinces  in  the  Malay  Archipelago. 
He  is  assisted  by  the  council  of  the  Indies,  composed  of  a 
vice-president  and  four  members  named  by  the  king,  and 
is  in  correspondence  with  the  governors  of  "the  difTerent  de- 
pendencies of  Java,  namely,  Amboyna,  Borneo,  Celebes,  and 
SurSatra,  all  of  whom  are  under  his  orders.  The  island  is 
divided  into  22  residencies,  in  each  of  which  are  a  European 
governor  and  secretary  and  various  sub-residents.  The 
provinces  are  subdivided  into  arrondissements  and  com- 
munes, each  having  a  justice.  Superior  tribunals  and 
courts-martial  are  seated  at  Batavia,  Samarang,  arfd  Soera- 
baya,  the  whole  subordinate  to  a  supreme  court  at  Bata- 
via. Several  native  states  exist  in  the  interior,  under 
Dutch  protection,  the  principal  capitals  of  which  are  Soera- 
karta  and  Djokjokarta.  Java  remained  under  Hindoo  sover- 
eignty till  1478,  when  it  was  conquered  by  the  Arabs,  and 
its  possession  has  since  been  chiefly  Mohammedan.  It  con- 
tainfl  the  ruins  of  several  considerable  cities  and  temples, 


the  principal  being  Mojopahit  and  Boro-Budor ;  and  various 
large  structures  of  substantial  architecture  are  scattered 
over  its  surface. 

Inhabitants,  Religion,  &e. — ^The  Javanese  belong  to  the 
Malay  family.  They  are  small  in  size,  of  a  yellow  hue; 
superstitious,  careless  of  the  future,  inclined  to  laziness, 
sober,  cheerful,  compassionate,  patient,  and  easily  led  when 
convinced  that  the  orders  given  are  not  contrary  to  the  an- 
cient laws  and  customs  of  the  country,  which  are  held  in 
religious  reverence.  They  are  respectful  to  parents,  and 
venerate  the  tombs  of  their  ancestors.  They  are,  however, 
very  susceptible  of  affronts,  which  they  are  not  slow  to 
avenge.  The  Javanese  are  good  tanners,  and  have  made 
some  progress  in  metallurgy,  in  carpentry,  and  in  cabinet- 
making.  They  weave  and  dye  well,  make  paper  from  the 
mulberry,  and  many  are  engaged  with  poisoned  arrows  in 
obtaining  fish,  which,  being  salted  and  dried,  constitute  a 
great  dainty.  But  the  great  mass  of  the  people  are  de- 
voted to  agriculture.  In  religion,  the  Javanese  are  Mo- 
hammedan, a  faith  introduced  in  the  fourteenth  century 
by'theTSrabians,  and  which  has  since  almost  entirely  dis- 
placed both  Hindooism  and  Booddhism,  of  both  of  which 
numerous  imposing  relics  are  to  be  met  with  in  various 
parts  of  the  island.  The  mass  of  the  Javanese  take  only 
one  wife,  who  is  treated  with  respect  and  consideration ;  but 
people  of  quality  and  wealth  practise  polygamy.  Three 
dialects  of  the  Malay  language  are  spoken  by  the  Javanese, 
who  have  also  an  ancient  sacred  language,  containing  a 
number  of  Sanscrit  words.  They  have  a  national  litera- 
ture, and  translations  from  the  Arabic  and  Sanscrit.  The 
Javanese  are  generally  considered  superior  in  civilization 
to  other  Malays.  Besides  the  native  race,  Java  has  many 
people  of  Chinese  and  mixed  descent,  and  some  Arabs  and 
Europeans.     Pop.,  with  Madura,  in  1891,  24,133,685. 

Ancient  Javanese  history  is  written  in  the  magnificent 
remains  of  temples  and  other  public  buildings  which  are 
plentifully  scattered  over  the  island.  The  Portuguese  formed 
a  settlement  on  it  in  1511,  and  the  Dutch  in  1575.     The 

British  held  the  island  from  1811  to  1816. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Jav^anese'. 

Jav'a^  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss. 

Java,  a  post-township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y,,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  contains  Java  Village.     P.  1953. 

Java,  or  Frank'ford,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0., 
in  Spencer  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Toledo,  and  1 
mile  from  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad. 
It  has  3  stores.     Here  is  Java  Post-Office. 

Javalquinto,  Jabalquinto,  or  Xavalqninto,  h&- 
vil-keen'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  14  miles  N.  of 
Jaen,  on  the  Guadalimar.     Pop.  1808. 

Javana,  j&-v&'n&,  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  resi- 
dency and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Japara.     Pop.  10,000. 

Javary,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabary. 

Java  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  between  lat. 
3°  and  7°  S.  and  Ion.  106°  and  116°  E.,  having  E.  the  Strait 
of  Macassar  and  the  Sea  of  Flores,  S.  Java  and  Bali,  N. 
Borneo,  and  W.  Sumatra.  It  communicates  southward  with 
the  Indian  Ocean  by  the  Straits  of  Sunda,  Bali,  and  Lom- 
bok,  and  on  the  N.E.  with  the  China  Sea  by  the  Carimata 
Passage  and  Strait  of  Gaspar,  E.  and  W.  of  Billiton. 

Java  Village,  a  post- village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Java  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Buffalo.     It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Jawahir,  or  DjaAVahir,  j4'wi-heer',  written  also 
Jowahir,  in  India,  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Him- 
alaya Mountains,  is  situated  in  the  province  of  Kumaon. 
Lat.  30°  20'  N.;  Ion.  80°  E.     Elevation,  25,670  feet. 

Jawana,  Djawana,  j&-w&'n&,  or  Joaua,  jo-&'n&, 
one  of  the  largest  rivers  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  rises  in  an 
inland  lake,  whence  it  flows  N.E.  to  the  Java  Sea. 

Jawar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jowaur. 

Jaworiiitz,  yi-*0R'nits,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles 
from  Reiehenau.     Pop.  1814. 

Jaworow,  y4-^o'rov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  30 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Przemysl.  Pop.  7209.  Near  it  are  the 
largest  paper-mills  in  Galicia. 

Jawud,  ji-wfid',  a  large  walled  town  of  India,  in  Raj- 
pootana,  78  miles  E.  of  Odeypoor. 

Jaxartes,  jax-ar'tdz,  Sinon,  see^hon',  Sir-Daria, 
or  Syr-Darya,  sir-  (or  seer-)  dar'yi,  a  large  river  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  rises  in  Eerghana  by  numerous  sources  on  the 
borders  of  the  Pameer  table-land,  and  in  the  Mooz-Tagh, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  flows  through  the 
governments  of  Ferghana  and  Syr-Darya  very  tortuously, 
and  enters  the  Sea  of  Aral  by  two  principal  mouths,  in 
Ion.  61°  E.,  lat.  45°  and  46°  N.  Total  course  estimated  at 
1450  miles.    It  is  broad  add  deep,  and  its  banks  are  usaallv 


JAX 


1500 


JED 


•▼•rflowed  by  it  in  summer.  It  affords  extensive  steam- 
boat-navigation. 

Jaxt,  yixt,  or  Jagst,  a  small  river  of  Wdrtemberg, 
joins  the  Neckar  near  Wimpfen,  after  a  course  of  about  80 
miles.  It  gives  name  to  a  circle  of  Wttrtemberg,  and  to 
many  villages,  Jaxtberg,  Jaxtfeld,  Ac,  the  principal  being 
Jaxthausen,  yixt'hSw^z^n,  with  3  castles,  on  its  right 
bank,  18  miles  N.B.  of  Heilbronn. 

Jay,  a  county  in  the  B.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering  on 
Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Salamonie  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  small 
affluents  of  the  Wabash  Eiver.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  More  than  one-third  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids 
&  Indiana  and  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroads,  which  meet 
at  Portland,  the  capital.  The  Pennsylvania  Lines  cross 
the  S.W.  portion  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,000  j  in 
1880,  19,282;  in  1890,  23,478. 

Jay,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in  Jay  town- 
ship, on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  at  Jay  Bridge  Station,  39  miles  N.  of  Lewiston. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1490. 

Jay,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     See  Fbeeland. 

Jay,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  119. 

Jay,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jay  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Plattsburg,  It  has  about  50 
houses  and  several  mills.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Au  Sable  River,  and  comprises  several  high  peaks  of  the 
Adirondack  and  A.u  Sable  Mountains.  It  affords  much 
iron  ore.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2459. 

Jay,  a  township  of  Elk  co..  Pa.    Pop.  584. 

Jay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamsburg  oo.,  B.C.,  about  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Kingstree. 

Jay,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  borders  on 
Canada.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  wooden-ware,  Ac, 
and  2  beds  of  iron  ore.  Pop.  553.  The  township  comprises 
Jay  Peak,  about  4000  feet  high. 

Jaya,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Jbja. 

Jayanca,  Hi-3,n'k&,  a  town  of  Pern,  province  and  37 
miles  N.  of  Lambayeque.     Pop,  5000. 

Jayghur,  or  Jaighur,  India.    See  Ztghub. 

Jaynesville,  Iowa.    See  Janesvillb. 

Jayuesville,  janz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Simpson  oo., 
Miss.,  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.    It  haa  2  churches. 

Jaypoor,  India.    See  Jeypoor. 

Jaysulmeer,  or  Jaysulmir.    See  Jessitlueer. 

Jaysville,  jaz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  &  Union  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Jayvilla,  or  Javilla,  ja^vH'la,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh 
CO.,  Ala.,  6  miles  S,E.  of  Evergreen, 

Jazlowice,  yis-lo-^eet'si,  Jaezlowiec,  or  Jas- 
lowiec,  yfl,z-lo-ve-4ts',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Oalicia,  on 
the  Strypa,  86  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2234. 

Jazygia,  ja-zij'^-a  (Hung.  J&sz%&g,  yis^s&g'),  a  district 
of  Hungary,  watered  by  the  Eraszna,  Zagyva,  and  Tama. 
Area,  1389  square  miles.  Capital,  Jasz-Bereny.  It  is  named 
from  its  ancient  inhabitants,  the  Jazyges,  a  people  of  prob- 
able Slavic  race,  though  their  descendants  are  now  completely 
Magyarized. 

Jean,  or  Jean  Babel,  zh6N»  bi^bfil',  a  town  of  Hayti, 
near  its  N.W.  extremity,  with  a  harbor  N.E.  of  Cape  St. 
Nicholas. 

Jeanerette,  jeen^^r-gf,  or  Jeannerette,  jeen'n^r- 
et',  a  post-village  of  Iberia  parish.  La.,  on  the  navigable 
Bayou  Teche,  about  130  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  80 
miles  above  Morgan  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manu- 
factory of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  1309. 

Jean-Mayen,  an  island.    See  Jan-Mayen. 

Jeannettville,  jeen-nSt'vil,  a  post-office  of  Renville 
CO.,  Minn.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Granite  Falls. 

Jeansville,  jeenz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  oo..  Pa., 
m  Hazel  township,  on  the  Beaver  Meadow  Branch  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Hazleton.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  machine-shop.  This  place  is 
owned  by  the  Spring  Mountoin  Coal  Company,  and  has 
rich  coal-mines. 

Jeba,  or  Geba,  ji'bi,  a  river  of  Senegambia,  S.  of  the 
Gambia.  At  its  mouth  (lat.  11°  40'  N.,  Ion.  15°  14'  W.)  it 
is  15  miles  across.     See  Rio  Grande. 

Jeba,  M'bi,  or  Geba  (Script.  Giheah),  a  village  of 
Palestine,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jwusalem. 

Jebail,  je-bil'  or  je-bil',  wi'itten  also  Gebail,  or  Jn- 
beil  (anc.  Byh'lua),  a  maritime  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  Syria,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Tripoli.  Lat.  34°  12'  N. ;  Ion. 
85°  31'  E.     It  is  enclosed  by  a  M^&W  with  square  towers. 


Jebee,  Jebi,  or  Djebi,  jfib'ee,  a  town  of  Arabia,  la 
Yemen,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Sana.  It  is  walled,  and  has  % 
citadel. 

Jebe],jSb'9l,  written  also  Djeb el,  Dejebel,  Jebel- 
Sho'mer,  and  Jebel  -  Sham'mar,  a  province  of  Arabia, 
in  Nedjed,  nearly  in  its  centre,  containing  the  lake  of  Ittra, 
which  furnishes  salt  to  many  of  the  adjacent  provinces 
Ostrich  feathers  form  its  other  principal  article  of  traffic. 
Capital,  Hayel.     Pop,  162,000. 

Jebel,  or  Gebel,  jSb'fl,  is  the  Arabic  name  of  numer- 
ous mountains,  Ac,  in  the  East,  some  of  the  principal 
of  which  are  named  below. 

Jebel- Akhdar,  jdh'^I-ik^dar',  a  mountain  of  Arabia, 
dominion  and  S.W.  of  Muscat.  Lat.  23°  N. ;  Ion.  66°  30' 
E.  Elevation,  6000  feet.  Its  surface  is  generally  bare  and 
rocky,  but  there  are  cultivated  valleys  of  high  fertility. 
The  name  also  belongs  to  the  entire  range,  and  to  a  popu- 
lous province  of  the  kingdom  of  Oman. 

Jebel-Akrab,  jib'^I-ik^rftb',  a  mountain  of  Syria, 
immediately  S.W.  of  Antioch,  bounding  the  valley  of  the 
Orontes  on  the  S.E. 

Jebel- Arab,  jfib'^l-i^Hkb',  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  near 
its  S.W.  extremity,  with  a  continuous  range  of  peaks  (the 
"Chimney  Peaks"  of  Horsburgh)  extending  for  18  miles 
from  N.W.  to  S.E. 

Jebel-Aridh,  Arabia.    See  AareD. 

Jebel-Aseer,  a  region  of  Arabia.     See  Aseer. 

Jebeleeyah,  or  Jebeliyah,  jdb^9l-ee'y&,  the  east- 
ernmost of  the  Curia  Muria  Islands,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Arabia.     It  is  a  granite  rock,  rising  560  feet. 

Jebel-er-Rahm,  a  hill  of  Arabia.    See  Arafat. 

Jebel-esh-Sheikh,  Palestine.    See  Hermon. 

Jebel-Habarid,  j^b'^l-h&^b&^reed',  a  mountain  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  near  Ras  Hasek. 

Jebel-Kharay,  j^b'^I-K&^ri',  a  mountain  in  the  S.E. 
of  Arabia,  its  S.  peak  in  lat.  12°  41'  N.,  Ion.  44°  76'  E. 

Jebel-Manhali,  jdb'^l-m&n^h&'lee,  a  mountain  in  the 
S.W.  of  Arabia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Jebel-Manhali,  a  cape.    See  Cape  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Jebel -Alokatteb,  JSb'^l-mo-k&t't^b,  a  mountain  of 
Arabia  Petrsea,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Sinai,  on  the  road 
to  Suez.  Here  are  ancient  sepulchres,  and  a  rock  covered 
with  hieroglyphics. 

Jebel-AIokattem,  jdb'fl-mo-k&t'tim,  a  hilly  range  in 
Egypt,  extending  for  25  miles  eastward  from  the  Nile,  im- 
mediately S.E.  of  Cairo. 

Jebel-Nimrood,  or  Jebel-Nimrud,  jfib'^l-nim'- 
rood'  (the  ancient  Nipha'tesf)  a  mountain  of  Turkish  Ar- 
menia, is  a  prolongation  of  Mount  Taurus,  20  miles  S.  of 
Moosh,  separating  the  pashalic  of  Erzroom  from  Koordistan. 

Jebel-Noor,orJebel-Nour,j4b'9l-noor,  a  mountain 
of  Arabia,  in  Hejaz,  near  Mecca,  is  where  the  Mohamme- 
dans believe  the  angel  Gabriel  to  have  delivered  to  their 
prophet  the  first  portions  of  the  Koran. 

Jebel-Serbal,  jdb'^I-sdr^b&r,  a  mountain  of  Arabia 
Petrsea,  near  Mount  Horeb.     Elevation,  6760  feet. 

Jebel-Shammar.    See  Shaumar  Mountains. 

Jebel- Shomer,  a  country  of  Arabia.    See  Jebel. 

Jebel-Soghair,  jib'fl-so^ghir',  an  island  in  the  Red 
Sea,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Mocha,  Lat,  14°  N. ;  Ion.  42°  30'  E. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  14  miles  each. 

Jebel-Soob'h,  or  Jebel-Snb'h,  jfib'^l-soob'h,  a 
mountain  in  the  W.  of  Arabia,  between  Yembo  and  Jiddah. 
It  is  the  stronghold  of  a  warlike  tribe  of  Bedouins,  and  is 
famous  for  producing  the  "balm  of  Mecca." 

Jebel-Tar,  jfib'^l-tar  (anc.  Comhuata),  a  volcanic  is- 
land in  the  Red  Sea,  55  miles  W,S.W,  of  Loheia, 

Jebel-Tarik,  the  Arabic  name  of  Gibraltar. 

Jebel-Toor,  or  Jebel- Tur,j4b'9l-toor,  a  village  of 
Palestine,  on  the  Mount  of  Olives,  \  mile  E.  of  Jerusalem. 
Here  is  the  church  of  the  Ascension. 

Jebel -Tyh,  jfib'^l-tee,  a  long  mountain-chain  of  Ara- 
bia, stretching  across  the  peninsula  of  Sinai,  from  the  Gulf 
of  Suez  to  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  lat.  26°  N.,  and  bounding 
southward  the  desert  of  El-Tyh,  or  "  the  wandering." 

Jebi,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Jebee. 

Jed,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  Cheviots,  and  joins 
the  Teviot  3  miles  N.  of  Jedburgh. 

Jedburg,  jSd'burg,  a  station  in  Colleton  co,,  S,C,,  on 
the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Jedburgh,  jid'biir-rub,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the  Jed,  and  on  a  railway,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  Its  buildings  present  a  curious  mix- 
ture of  the  modern  and  antique.  The  chief  edifices  are  the 
fine  abbey  of  the  twelfth  century,  now  restored  as  a  parish 
church,  the  castle,  now  used  as  a  bridewell  and  prison,  and 
the  county  and  town  halls.   It  has  manufactures  of  blankets. 


JED 


1501 


JEF 


earpets,  flannels,  and  other  woollens,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
a  manufactory  of  printing-presses.  Circuit  courts  for  the 
eounty  are  held  here  twice  yearly.  The  burgh  unites  with 
North  Berwick,  Haddington,  Lauder,  and  Dunbar  in  send- 
ing one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  3321. 

Jeddo,  or  Jedo,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Tokio. 

Jed'do,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grant 
township,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Huron.     It  has  3  stores. 

Jeddo,  a  township  of  Knox  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1134. 

Jeddo,  a  post- village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ridgeway 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Buflfalo.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  cider,  flour,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  124. 

Jeddo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &,  Pittsburg  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.  of  Steubenville. 

JeddO)  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Foster 
township,  on  branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  <fc 
Susquehanna  Railroads,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Hazelton,  and  19 
miles  S.  of  "Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  church 

Jeddo,  a  post-office  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  N.  of 
Waelder  Railroad  Station. 

Jeddo,  a  post-office  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.,  about  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Portage. 

Jed^dore'j  a  maritime  village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Halifax.  Its 
inhabitants  are  engaged  in  the  fisheries  and  in  ship- 
building.    Pop.,  with  surroundings,  1643. 

Jeeud,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jheend. 

Jeendana.    See  Sandalwood  Island. 

Jeetze,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Jetze. 

JeeVun',  a  town  of  India,  E.  of  Odeypoor. 

Jeezak,  Dshizak,  or  Djizzak,  jee'z3,k',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Syr-Darya,  65  miles  N.E.  of 
Samarcand.     Pop.  3988, 

Jef 'fereystown,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
North  Fayette  township,  4  miles  from  Oakdale  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  7  dwellings. 

Jef  feriesville,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  oo.,  Miss. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  1092  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Black  Warrior  River,  or  that  part  of  it  which  some 
call  the  Locust  Fork,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Cahawba 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  here.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
road and  six  other  railroads,  all  centring  at  Birmingham, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,345;  in  1880,  23,272;  in 
1890,  88,501. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  840  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  produced  in  1870  18,390  bales  of  cotton, 
— more  than  any  other  county  in  the  state.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  and  St.  Louis 
Southwestern  Railroads,  which  make  a  junction  at  Pine 
Bluff,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,733;  in  1880,  22,386; 
in  1890,  40,881. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Colorado, 
has  an  area  of  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  South  Platte  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Clear  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful 
mountain-scenery,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
evergreen  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  other  growths,  in  large  abun- 
dance. Gold  is  found  near  the  W.  border  of  this  county, 
which  has  also  beds  of  coal  or  lignite.  The  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Golden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2390;  in  1880,  6804;  in  1890,  8450. 

Jefferson,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  borders  on 
Georgia.  Area,  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Aucilla 
(or  Ocilla)  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Florida  Central  <fc  Peninsula  and  Savannah, 
Florida  &  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  Monticello.  Pop. 
in  1870,  13,398,  of  whom  13,341  were  Americans;  in  1880, 
16,065;  in  1890,  15,757. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ogeeehee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Rocky  Comfort  and 
Brier  Creeks.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 


and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Georgia  and  Augusta,  Gibson  &  Landersville  Railroads. 
Capital,  Louisville.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,190 :  in  1880, 15,671 ; 
in  1890,  17,213. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Big  Muddy 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  by  the  East  Fork  of  that  river,  and 
by  Horse  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  white 
and  black  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  sugar-maple,  <fcc. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bitumi- 
nous coal  and  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville, Evansville  &,  St.  Louis  and  Jacksonville  Southeastern 
B^iilroads.  The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  touches  its  N.W. 
corner.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,864; 
in  1880,  20,686;  in  1890,  22,590, 

Jefferson,  a  southeastern  county  of  Indiana,  borders 
on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Big 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  except  some  steep  hills 
which  occur  near  the  Ohio  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad. 
Capital,  Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,741;  in  1880,  25,977: 
in  1890,  24,507. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  Skunk  River  runs  through  the 
N,E.  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  Big  Cedar 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  In  1870  this  county  had  69,429  acres 
of  woodland.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  it.  The  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad  intersects  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad  at  Fairfield,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,839;  in  1880,  17,469;  in  1890,  15,184. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  568  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Kansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  (or 
Grasshopper)  River,  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county, 
and  bituminous  coal  is  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  Union  Pacific,  and  Kan- 
sas City,  Wyandotte  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  of  which 
the  first  and  the  last  named  communicate  with  Oskaloosa, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,526 ;  in  1880, 15,563 ;  in  1890, 
16,620. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N,  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  and  W,  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Floyd's  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  Devonian  limestone  underlies  a  large 
part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  k 
Nashville,  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Consolidated, 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Corydon,  Louisville  Southern, 
Burlington  A  Missouri  River,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific,  Missouri  Pacific,  Newport  News  A  Mississippi  Val- 
ley, Ohio  A  Mississippi,  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis  Railroads,  all  centring  at  Louisville,  the  capi- 
tal. This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the  state.  Pop. 
in  1870,  118,953;  in  1880,  146,010;  in  1890,  188,598. 

Jefferson,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
delta  of  the  Mississippi  River,  by  which  it  is  intersected. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  is  con- 
tiguous to  the  city  of  New  Orleans.  The  surface  is  level 
and  low.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Sugar-cane, 
cotton,  and  rice  are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is 
intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific,  Texas  A  Pacific,  Illi- 
nois Central,  and  Louisville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Rail- 
roads, Capital,  Gretna.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,767;  in  1880 
12,166;  in  1890,  13,221. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Louisiana.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 


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JEF 


a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  com  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  <fc 
Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Fayette.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,848  ; 
in  1880,  17,314;  in  1890,  18,947. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Big  River. 
The  Maramec  River  forms  a  part  of  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  county,  which  is  also  drained  by  Plattin  Creek.  The 
surface  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  except 
that  of  the  hills.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  Lead  and  limestone  are  found  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain &  Southern  Railroad,  which  crosses  the  S.  portion  and 
follows  the  E.  border.  Capital,  Hillsborough,  Pop.  in 
1870,  15,380  J  in  1880,  18,736;  in  1890,  22,484. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  has 
an  area  of  1860  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Jefferson  Fork  of 
the  Missouri.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  or  fir.  This  county  comprises  part 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Its  eastern  side  belongs  to  the 
Atlantic  slope,  and  its  western  to  the  Pacific  slope.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Among  its  minerals  are  gold, 
silver,  granite,  and  Silurian  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Montana  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Boulder  Valley. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1631;  in  1880,  2464;  in  1890,  6026. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas, "has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Little  Blue  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Brush,  Little  Sandy,  and  Muddy  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Timber  is 
scarce  in  this  county,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  prairie. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Cretaceous  strata  underlie  the  surface.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Union 
Pacific,  and  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island  Railroads.  Capital, 
Fairbury.  Pop.  in  1870,  2440;  in  1880,  8096;  in  1890, 
14,860. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  York,  has 
an  area  of  about  1147  square  miles,  excluding  Lake  On- 
tario. It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  intersected 
by  Black  and  Indian  Rivers,  which  afford  abundant  water- 
power.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  gentle  undulations, 
abrupt  terraces,  and  deep  ravines.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  ash,  beech,  and 
Bugar-maple  abound.     The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to 

Easturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay,  oats,  butter,  cheese, 
arley,  potatoes,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products. 
Trenton  limestone,  Potsdam  sandstone,  granite,  and  gneiss 
Bnderlie  parts  of  this  county,  which  has  also  abundant 
deposits  of  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  and  traversed  in 
many  directions  by  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  of  which  Watertown,  the  capital,  is  an  important 
junction.  Pop.  in  1870,  65,415;  in  1880,  66,103;  in  1890, 
68,806. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  West  Virginia,  and  is 
drained  by  Yellow  and  Cross  Creeks.  The  surface  is  moder- 
ately hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  wool,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous 
coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis,  Wheeling  A  Lake  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroads.  Capital,  Steubenville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  29,188;  in  1880,  33,018;  in  1890,  39,415. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Clarion  River,  and  is  drained  by  Red  Bank 
and  Mahoning  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  partly 
covered  with  extensive  forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile. 
Lumber,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wheat,  and  rye  are  the 
stable  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  coal  and  iron  ore. 
It  is  intersected  through  its  entire  breadth  by  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  of  which 
Brookville,  the  capital,  is  a  station.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,656 ; 
in  1880,  27,936  ;  in  1890,  44,005. 

Jefferson,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Holston  River,  and  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  and  fertile  val- 
leys, and  presents  beautiful  scenery.  Nearly  half  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  pop- 


lar, and  walnut.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  which  are 
found  in  this  county  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Dandridge.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,476 ;  in  1880, 
15,846:  in  1890,  16,478. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Neches  River  and  Sabine  Lake,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  surface  is  a  nearly  level  open  plain 
or  prairie,  which  produces  pasture  for  numerous  herds  of 
cattle.  These  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county 
is  intersected  in  its  N.  portion  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Beaumont.  Pop.  in  1870,  1906 ;  in  1880, 
3489  ;  in  1890,  5857. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington. 
Area,  about  1688  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Admiralty  Inlet  and  Hood's  Canal,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  and  watered  by  numerous  rivers 
and  streams,  among  them  the  Ohalat,  Quiets,  Raft,  and 
Qninaiult  Rivers,  all  of  which  rise  in  the  Olympic  Moun- 
tains, in  this  county.  The  most  prominent  feature  is 
Mount  Olympus,  which  stands  near  the  N.  border  and  has 
an  altitude  of  8138  feet.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Lumber,  wheat,  barley,  grass,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  entered  by  the  Port  Townsend 
Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Port  Townsend.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1268;  in  1880,  1712;  in  1890,  8368. 

Jefferson,  the  most  eastern  county  of  West  Virginia, 
bordering  on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  280  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Potomac  River, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Opequan  Creek,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Shenandoah  River.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Blue  Ridge,  and  is  a  continuation  of  the  Great  Valley  of 
Virginia.  The  surface  presents  picturesque  scenery,  es- 
pecially in  the  vicinity  of  Harper's  Ferry.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Fine  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  and 
the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  both  of  which  communi- 
cate with  Charlestown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,219 ; 
in  1880,  15,005;  in  1890,  16,653. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Rock 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Crawfish  and  Bark  Rivers. 
In  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  Rock  River  expands  into 
a  lake,  named  Koshkonong,  which  is  nearly  8  miles  long. 
The  surface  of  the  county  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  is  very 
fertile,  especially  in  the  valley  of  Rock  River.  Wheat, 
Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  wool  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  liberally  supplied  with 
hard  timber.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  its  soil. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <Jt  Northwestern  Rail- 
road and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <i;  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Capital,  Jeflferson.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,040 ;  in  1880,  32,156 ; 
in  1890,  33,530. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  1 1  miles 
S.W.  of  Demopolis.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  an  academy,  2 
steam  grist-mills,  s  drag-store,  and  several  general  stores. 
Pop.  about  160. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  6  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Redfield.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Jefferson,  a  village  of  Park  co..  Col.,  about  66  miles 
S.W.  of  Denver. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  and  about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  the  Martin  Institute,  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  540. 

Jefferson,  a  former  post-township  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  em- 
bracing the  villages  of  Jefferson,  Irving  Park,  Humboldt 
Park,  Maplewood,  and  Montrose,  Since  1880  it  has  been 
annexed  to  Chicago, 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Stephenson  co,.  111.  Pop. 
535.     Post-ofl&ce,  Loran. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1092. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1551. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1894. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Tippecanoe  River.     Pop.  1333. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  bordering  on 
the  Wabash.     Pop.  1127. 

Jefferson,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  inWash- 
I  ington  township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette,  and  4 


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1503 


JEF 


miles  W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  several 
•tores.     Pop.  253. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  982. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Grant  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1398. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1348. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1234. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Sulphur  Springs. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1227.     It  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mount  Etna. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1640. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  711. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1370. 
It  contains  Mexico. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1081. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Newton  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1606. 
It  contains  Kentland. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Noble  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1292. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2018. 
It  contains  Coal  City. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2188. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  171. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  990. 
It  contains  Mount  Meridian. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1251. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Switzerland  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River.     Pop.  3268.     It  includes  Vevay. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Tipton  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1738. 

Jefferson,atownshipof  Washington  CO.,  Ind.     P.  1532. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1785. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1773. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1263. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  682. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     P.  971. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  862. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  994. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  677. 
It  contains  Butler  Centre. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
Bissip^  River.    Pop.  (exclusive  of  Guttenberg)  1206. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Dubuque  os.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1578. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  914. 

Jefferson,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Greene  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
JeflFerson  township,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Des  Moines,  Northern  <fc  Western  and  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroads,  81  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown,  and 
about  55  miles  N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking-houses, 
and  4  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  1444;  in  1890,  1875.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cigars,  flour,  and  ploughs. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1038. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1267. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  862. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.     Pop.  981. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     Pop.  712.     It  contains  Toolsborough. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  828. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1033. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  759. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  903. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  836. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     P.  592. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  114. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  639. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  930. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  745. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
869.     Post-offices,  Cedarvale,  Fulda,  and  Lisbon. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
564.     It  contains  Carlton. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
673.     It  contains  Circleville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2084.     Post-offices,  Winchester,  Boyle,  and  Nortonville. 

Jefferson,  a  post-township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Concordia.     Pop.  457. 

Jefferson,  a  former  town  of  Jefferson  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  1  mile  above  New  Orleans.  In 
1870  it  was  annexed  to  that  city,  of  which  it  forms  the  12th, 
13th,  and  14th  wards.  It  is  on  the  Louisiana  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  academy  and  college. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  on  the  Damariscotta  River,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Augusta.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1821.  It  contains 
the  village  of  East  Jefferson. 


Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  7  milec 
S.W.  of  Frederick  City.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  267. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1063. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Hillsdale.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1897.  It  contains  the  village  of  Osseo,  and  in 
traversed  by  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
480.     It  forms  the  southeasternmost  angle  of  the  state. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1605. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1040. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.    Pop.  843. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cole  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1839,  ex- 
clusive of  Jefferson  City. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1059. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.     Pop.  874. 

Jefferson,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mississippi  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Marameo,  19  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Linn  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  1810. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1123. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2147. 
It  contains  Florida. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Osage  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1390. 
Post-office,  Byron. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.     Pop.  480. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Saline  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3002. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3297. 
It  contains  Memphis. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.     Pop.  867. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.     Pop,  371. 

Jefferson,  a  post-office  and  mining  camp  of  Nye  oo., 
Nevada,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Austin.     Silver  is  fonnd  here. 

Jefferson,  or  Jefferson  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Jefferson  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  several  starch-mills  and  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  826. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Harrison  township,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Camden. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1430. 
It  contains  Hopatcong,  Woodport,  <kc. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  about  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and 
5  miles  N.  of  Stamford.  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1536. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C., 
in  Jefferson  township,  a  few  miles  N.W.  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Abingdon,  Va.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1228.  Negro  Mountain 
in  this  township  is  said  to  rise  4300  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1045. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  0.     Pop.  2268. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
in  Jefferson  township,  on  the  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Ashtabula,  and  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Jefferson 
Polytechnic  School.     Pop.  in  1880, 1008;  in  1890,  1346. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1267. 
It  contains  Russellville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1445. 
It  contains  Westborough. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Coshooton  co.,  0.  It  hat* 
beds  of  cannel  coal.     Pop.  1059. 

Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Darke  oo.,  0.,  about  35  mile« 
N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  107. 

Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
Canal,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  76. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  2532. 
It  contains  Jeffersonville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1405. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.  Pop.  127T. 
It  contains  Bowersville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.    Pop.  904. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  0.  Pop.  3002. 
It  is  an  important  centre  of  the  iron-industry. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  1308.  It 
contains  Greersville  and  Mt.  Holly. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Logan  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1634.  It 
contains  Zanesfield. 

Jefferson,  or  West  Jefferson,  a  post-village  of 
Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Jefferson  township,  on  Darby  Creek, 
and  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  money -order  post-offioe, 
and  a  flonr-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  720 ;  in  1890, 778 ;  of  town- 
ship, 1957.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Jefferson. 


JEF 


1504 


JEF 


Jefferson,  a  township  of  Meroer  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1557. 
It  contains  Celina. 

Jefferson,  a  to^mship  of  Montgomery  oo.,  O.  i'op. 
3350.     It  contains  the  village  of  Liberty. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1278.  It 
contains  Middleburg.  x,.    t  j- 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1953.     It  contains  New  Paris. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Richland  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2251. 
It  contains  Belleville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Rosa  co.,  0.  Pop.  lOld,  it 
contains  Richmond. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.     Pop.  659. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1058. 

Jefferson  (Plain  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Wayne  oo., 
0.,  in  Plain  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1564. 

Jefferson,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Santiam  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad, 
19  miles  S.  of  Salem,  and  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It 
contains  the  JeflTerson  Institute,  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2066,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  West  Elizabeth.  It  has 
Important  coal-mines. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1133. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1234, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Saxenburg. 

Jefferson,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Emlen- 
ton  A  Shippensville  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Emlenton. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  843. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Monongahela  River.     Pop.  1381. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Greene 
00.,  Pa.,  on  Ten-Mile  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  contains  4  churches  and  2  hotels.  Here  is  Monongahela 
College,  with  a  fine  brick  edifice.  Coal  is  mined  in  this 
township.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1322. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  West  Virginia.  Pop.  825.  It  contains  Bl- 
dersville,  and  has  beds  of  excellent  coal. 

Jefferson,  a  borough  of  York,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
Branch  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  York,  and  40  miles  S. 
of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  cigar- 
factory.     Pop.  374.     Here  is  Codorus  Post-OflBce. 

Jefferson,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  about 
65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbia, 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Union  oo.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Dakota  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Sioux  City, 
Iowa.  It  is  near  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  about  1  mile 
from  the  Missouri  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Jefferson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Big  Cypress  Bayou,  4  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Caddo 
Lake,  and  on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  East  Line  &  Red  River  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of 
Marshall,  and  162  miles  E.  of  DaUas.  It  is  40  miles  in  a 
direct  line,  or  66  miles  by  railroad,  W.N.W.  of  Shreveport, 
La.  Steamboats  ascend  from  Red  River  through  the  lake 
and  bayou  to  this  point,  and  large  quantities  of  cotton 
and  many  cattle  are  shipped  here.  Jefferson  is  the  most 
populous  town  of  Northeastern  Texas.  It  has  a  Catholic 
female  academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  7  churches, 
2  iron-foundries,  and  a  tannery.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3072. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
B.  bank  of  James  River,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Green  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Illinois 
line.     Pop.  1714. 

Jefferson,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  Rock  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Crawfish  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Janesville,  and  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Water- 
town.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
the  Jefferson  Liberal  Institute,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  news- 
paper office.  Pop.  in  1880,  2116;  in  1890,  2287. 
Jefferson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.  Pop.  966. 
Jefferson,  a  township  of  Vernon  oo.,  Wis.  Pop.  1194. 
tt  contains  Springville. 

Jefferson  Barracks,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  the  initial 
ttation  at  St.  Louis,  and  3  miles  S.  of  the  southern  limit  of 


that  city.  Here  is  a  government  reservation  of  about  1700 
acres,  with  an  arsenal,  large  powder-magazines,  and  a  na- 
tional cemetery. 

Jefferson  City,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Missouri 
and  of  Cole  co.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  about  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  38°  36'  N. ; 
Ion.  92°  9'  W.  By  railroad  it  is  125  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  158  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  is  connected  with 
these  cities  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  and  Chicago  A  Alton 
Railroads.  The  city  is  built  on  elevated  ground,  which 
commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river,  and  contains  a  limestone 
state-house,  a  court-house,  a  state  prison  built  of  stone,  the 
Lincoln  Institute,  a  female  seminary,  4  banks,  9  churches, 
2  foundries,  2  shoe-factories,  and  manufactures  of  farming- 
implements  and  wagons.  One  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found 
in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1870,  4420;  in  1880,  6271;  in 
1890,  6742. 

Jefferson  City,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mon- 
tana, on  the  Prickly  Pear  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Hel- 
ena, and  near  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  here.  It  has  a  church,  and  2  mills  for  the 
reduction  of  silver  ore.  Pop.  104. 
Jefferson  Hill,  New  Hampshire.  See  Jefferson. 
Jefferson  Island,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Mon- 
tana. 

Jefferson  Junction,  a  station  in  Susqnehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad  with  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.  of  Carbondale. 

Jefferson  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Le 
Sueur  CO.,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Peter.  It  is  nearly  8 
miles  long. 

Jefferson  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Clearfield. 
Jefferson  Medical  College.    See  Philadelphia. 
Jefferson  Mines,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Warrior  River,  and  on  the  South  A  North  Alabama 
Railroad,  at  Jefferson  Station.      Coal  is  mined  here. 

Jefferson,  Mount,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
White  Mountains,  in  Coos  oo.,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Mount 
Washington,  has  an  altitude  of  5657  feet  above  the  sea. 

Jefferson,  Mount,  Oregon,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
range,  on  the  E.  border  of  Linn  co.  its  top  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.  It  is  near  lat.  44°  36'  N.  and  Ion.  121° 
35'  W.     Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  10,200  feet. 

Jefferson  River,  or  Jefferson  Fork  of  the  Mis- 
souri, is  formed  by  three  branches,  named  Beaver  Head 
River,  Big  Hole  or  Wisdom  River,  and  Passamari  Creek, 
which  rise  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  unite  on  the  N.W. 
border  of  Madison  co.,  Montana.  It  runs  northeastward, 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  140  miles,  unites  with  the  Mad- 
ison River  and  the  Gallatin  Fork  at  Gallatin,  Montana, 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bozeman.  The  stream  formed  by 
this  confluence  is  the  Missouri  River.  The  Jefferson  River 
traverses  a  mountainous  country  in  which  gold  is  found. 
Its  valley  is  partly  fertile. 

Jefferson  Station,  a  station  in  Jefferson  parish,  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  above  New  Orleans,  also 
on  Morgan's  Louisiana  A  Texas  Railroad,  and  on  the  New 
Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad,  at  a  place  called  White  Church 
Bend  (formerly  Free  Negro  Bend).     Here  is  a  church. 
Jefferson  Station,  York  co..  Pa.    See  Jefferson. 
Jef'fersonton,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  River,  about  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wash 
ington,  D.C.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Jef'fersontown,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  drug-store, 
an  academy,  4  churches,  a  plough-factory,  Ac. 

Jefferson  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Westchester  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.8.E.  of  Newburg. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Twiggs  co., 
Ga.,  about  22  miles  S.E,  of  Macon.  It  has  3  churches  and 
the  Auburn  Institute. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad, 
125  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Fairfield. 
It  has  a  drug-store  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Jeffersonville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  oo.,  111.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
Here  is  Lake  Creek  Post-Office. 

Jeffersonville,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  is  ad- 
jacent to  the  city  of  the  same  name,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Ohio  River. 

Jeffersonville,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Clarke 
CO.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Louisville,  Ky.,  6  or  6 
miles  above  New  Albany,  and  108  miles  S.  of  Indian- 


JEF 


1505 


JEM 


apolis.  The  river  encloses  several  verdant  islands,  and 
fails  22  feet  in  2  miles.  Jeffersonville  is  the  S.W.  terminus 
of  a  branch  of  tlie  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  the  main  line  at  North  Vernon,  and  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Bailroad,  which  here  crosses  the  river  on  an  iron  bridge, — 
perhaps  the  longest  iron  structure  in  the  United  States. 
This  bridge  is  the  connecting  link  between  the  great  rail- 
way systems  of  the  North  and  South.  The  city  is  built  on 
elevated  ground,  which  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river 
and  of  Louisville.  It  contains  14  churches,  the  Jefferson 
depot  for  army  supplies  (the  largest  in  the  United  States), 
2  national  banks,  the  Southern  State  Prison,  a  high  school, 
several  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  and  the  Ohio 
Falls  Car- Works.  A  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,666. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  planing-mill. 

Jeflersonville,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Holden  township,  on  the  Boston,  Barre  <fc  Gardner  Bail- 
road,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  satinet. 

Jefiersonville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Callicoon  township,  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Jervis. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  newspaper  ofiBce. 

JefTersonville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Washington  Court- 
House,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
in  Norriton  township,  near  the  Schuylkill  River,  about  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  carriages,  and  farm-implements. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post-village  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Cambridge  township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington  A  Lamoille  and  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
roads, 24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church,  2 
saw-mills,  and  2  carriage-shops.  The  name  of  its  station 
is  Cambridge  Junction. 

Jeffersonville,  or  Tazewell  Court-Honse,  a 
post- village,  capital  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  is  in  a  mountainous 
region,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  ofBce,  and  a  high  school.  Copper,  lead,  and  iron 
ore  are  said  to  be  found  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  604.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Tazewell  Court-House. 

Jeffress*  Store,  a  post-office  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va. 

Jeffreys,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2005. 

Jeffrey's  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  into  Pedee 
River  from  the  right,  in  Marion  co. 

Jeffrey's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Jeffries,  jeffriz,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Altoona. 

Jeffriesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Jefremov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yepremov. 

Jefterevskaia,  or  Jefterewskaja,  Russia.  See 
Yefterevskaia. 

Jegoijevsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yegortevsk. 

Jegorlyk,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yegorlyk. 

J6gan,  zhi^gQn»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1984. 

Jehanabad,  or  Jahanabad,  ja-h&n-&-b&d',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  of  Burdwan,  on  the  Dalkissore,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Calcutta.  Pop.  13,409.  Its  population  has  been 
much  reduced  from  the  prevalence  of  fever. 

Jehanabad,  or  Jahanabad,  a  town  of  Bengal,  dis- 
trict and  31  miles  N.  of  Gaya.  It  has  a  dispensary,  a  jail, 
a  small  trade,  and  some  cotton-weaving.     Pop.  21,022. 

Jeho,  or  Jehol,  China.     See  Zhehol. 

Jehoon,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Amoo-Dabta. 

Jeia,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Ybia. 

Jeisk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yeisk. 

Jeitpoor,  or  Jeitpur,  jit^poor',  a  town  of  India,  Alla- 
habad division,  22  miles  N.  of  Chatterpoor.     Pop.  5880. 

Jeja,  or  Jaija,  ji'ji,  written  also  Jaya,  a  town  of 
Afghanistan,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Furrah. 

Jejur'ry,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, 37  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah. 

Jejuy,  or  Xexuy,  Hi-nwee',  a  river  of  Paraguay,  flows 
W.  120  miles,  and  joins  the  Paraguay  N.  of  Assumption. 

Jekaterinenbnrg,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinboobg. 

Jekaterinenstadt,  or  Jekatrinstadt.  See  Ye- 
katerinstadt. 

Jekaterininskoi,  Russia.    See  Yekaterininskoi. 

Jekaterinodar,  Russia.     See  Yekaterimodar. 

Jekaterinograd,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinoqrad. 


Jekaterinopol,  Russia.    See  Yekatebinofol. 

Jekaterinoslav,  Russia.     See  Yekatebikoslav. 

Jekaterinskaja,  Russia.    See  Yekatebinskaia. 

Jekil-Irmak.    See  Yeshil-Irhak. 

Jelabuga,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelaboooa. 

Jelagui,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yelagooi. 

Jelalabad,  jdl-&-l&-b&d',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  in  a 
fertile  plain,  near  the  Cabool  River,  78  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cabool,  on  the  route  to  Peshawer.  Its  stationary  popula- 
tion is  probably  3000;  but  the  number  is  greatly  aug- 
mented in  winter.  It  is  famous  for  the  heroic  and  suc- 
cessful resistance  made  here  by  the  British  troops,  under 
Sir  Robert  Sale,  in  1841-2. 

Jelalabad  (formerly  Dooshak),  a  city  and  capital  of 
Seistan,  Southwest  Afghanistan,  near  the  river  nelmund. 
Lat.  31°  20'  N.;  Ion.  61°  40'  E.  Estimated  pop.  10,000. 
It  is  neatly  built  of  sun-dried  bricks,  and  has  around  it 
extensive  ruins.  Jelalabad  is  also  the  name  of  several  other 
towns  of  British  India. 

Jelalabad,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Shahjehanpoor.     Pop.  6394. 

Jelalapoor,  or  Jalalapur,  J9-l&-l&-poor',  a  town  of 
British  India,  on  the  Betwah,  20  miles  S.  of  Kalpee. 

Jelalkaira,  jdl-&l-ki'r&,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  3396. 

Jelalpoor,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Julalpoor. 

Jelania,  jk-Wne-&,  or  Jelanii  Nos,  y&-l3,n'yee 
noce,  a  cape  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Nova  Zembla. 

Jelas^poor',  or  JelaPpoor',  a  town  of  the  Fyzabad 
district,  British  India.     Pop.  6275. 

Jelatma,  or  Jelatom,  Russia.    See  Yelatou. 

Jeletz,  or  Eletz,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Yelets. 

Jelgava,  or  Jelgawa,  Russia.     See  Mitau. 

Jelisabetgrad,  Russia.    See  Yelisavetgbad. 

Jell,  jSll,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Eelat. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Jelling,  yfil'ling,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  North  Jut- 
land, 5  miles  N.W.  of  Veile.  It  was  formerly  a  royal  resi- 
dence, and  is  remarkable  for  Runic  inscriptions  and  for 
Danish  royal  tombs  of  the  tenth  century. 

Jel'linghy,  or  Jalanghi,  ja-l4n'ghee,  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Moorshedabad,  OD 
the  Jellinghy,  a  branch  of  the  Ganges. 

Jelloway,  Knox  co.,  0.    See  Bbownsville. 

Jelmar,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    See  Hjelmab. 

Jelnia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelnia. 

Jelolo,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Gilolo. 

Jelpigory,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jdlpigoree. 

Jelsi,  yfil'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  milee 
E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.    Pop.  2898. 

Jelum,  a  river  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jhtlum. 

Jem,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Emba. 

Jem,  or  Jemm,  a  town  of  Tunis.    See  El-Jbhh. 

Jem,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo. 

Jemalabad,  or  Jamallabad,  J9-m&l-&-b&d',  a  town 
of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  110  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Calicut,  in  lat.  13°  3'  N.,  Ion.  75°  25'  E.,  with  an  almost 
inaccessible  fort,  built  by  Tippoo,  on  an  immense  rock. 

Jemarroo,  or  Jemarru,  j4m-ar-roo',  a  territory  of 
Senegambia,  S.  of  the  Gambia  River,  between  lat.  13°  and 
14°  30'  N. 

Jemeppe,  or  Jemeppes,  zhi-m5pp',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Liege,  on  the  Mouse,  opposite  Seraing.    Pop.  4500. 

Jemgum,y5m'gS5m,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurich,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  1223. 

Jemilah,  or  Djemilah,  j5m^ee'l4\  an  ancient  city  of 
Algeria,  province  and  60  miles  W.  of  Constantino.  It  con- 
tains interesting  monuments  of  antiquity. 

Jemison,  Alabama.     See  Jamison. 

Jemmapes,  or  Gemappe,  zh^^m&p',  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Hainaut,  on  the  Haine  River,  and  on  the  canal 
from  Mons  to  Cond6,  3  miles  W.  of  Mens.  Pop.  11,405, 
engaged  in  brewing,  tanning,  and  raising  coal.  Here  the 
French  defeated  the  Austrian  forces  in  1792,  an  event  which 
led  to  the  annexation  of  Belgium  to  France,  after  which 
Jemmapes  gave  name  to  a  department  nearly  co-extensive 
with  the  province  of  Hainaut. 

Jem'seg,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Jemseg,  a  navigable  affluent  of  the  St.  John  River, 
49  miles  from  St.  John.  St.  John  steamers  call  here. 
Pop.  150. 

Jemtland,  ydmt'l&nt,  or  Ostersnnd,  os't^r-soont^  a 
l8f3n  or  province  of  Sweden,  bounded  W.  by  Norway.  Area, 
20,886  square  miles.  It  abounds  in  lakes  and  swamps,  and 
some  parts  are  sterile ;  but  the  metallic  wealth  is  consider 
able.     Capital,  Ostersund.     Pop.  78,387. 

Jemtza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yehtsa. 


JBN 


1506 


JER 


Jenat  jfa'a  (Ger.  pron.  yi'ni),  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Saxe-'Weimar-Eisenach,  on  the  Saale,  here  crossed 
by  a  handsome  stone  bridge,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Weimar. 
It  stands  in  a  fine  valley,  600  feet  above  the  sea,  and  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  beyond  which  are  several  good  suburbs. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out  and  well  built.  The  principal  edi- 
fices are  the  ducal  palace,  4  churches,  hospitals,  a  lunatic 
asylum,  and  the  university  buildings.  The  university, 
opened  in  1558,  has  75  professors,  a  library  of  200,000  vol- 
umes, a  botanic  garden,  and  an  observatory.  Jena  has 
numerous  scientific  associations,  manufactures  of  linens, 
hats,  tobacco,  Ac,  and  3  large  annual  fairs.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  high  court  of  appeal  for  the  Saxon  duchies  and 
Beuss  principalities.  Here,  on  October  14,  1806,  Napoleon 
totally  defeated  the  Prussians.     Pop.  8197. 

Jena^  jee'na,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Tuscaloosa  oo.,  Ala. 

Jeua^  a  post-village  of  Catahoula  parish.  La.,  50  miles 
W.  of  Natchez,  Miss.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jenatz,  yi-nits',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  on  the  Lanquart,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Mayenfeld.  It 
has  sulphur  baths  and  2  annual  fairs.     Pop.  812. 

Jencksville)  jAnks'vil,  a  village  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  in  Smithfield  township,  1  mile  from  Woonsocket.  It 
has  a  cotton-mill. 

Jendialeh,  or  Jindialeh,  jdn-de-i'I^h,  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Amritsir. 

Jendoul,  jdn-dool',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  near  its 
N.E.  frontier,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bajaur. 

Jendovichtska,  Russia.    See  Tendovichtska. 

Jeneen,  Jenin,  or  Jennin,  jin-neen'  (anc.  Oinm'a), 
a  town  of  Palestine,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nabloos.  Pop. 
about  2000. 

Jenidge-Karasn,  Turkey.    See  Ybnidje  Eaba-Soo. 

Jenidge-Kizilagadj.    See  Tenidjk  Kizilaoadj. 

Jenidje,  Lake  of,  Turkey.    See  Lanoaza. 

Jenidje-Vardar,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ybnidjb. 

Jeuikale,  or  Jeuikal,  Russia.    See  Yemikale. 

Jenikau,  ydn'ne-kow\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Czaslau.  Here  the  Swedes  gained  a  victory  over 
the  Imperialists  in  1643.     Pop.  2708. 

Jeuil,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Gknil. 

Jenin,  or  Jennin.    See  Jeneen. 

Jenisei,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yenisei. 

Jeniseisk,  Russia.    See  Yeniseisk. 

Jen'isonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  on  Grand 
River,  and  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-miU,  and  a  church. 

Jenk'ins,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala. 

Jenkins,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  672. 

Jenkins,  a  township  of  Luzerne  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  2505. 
ft  contains  Port  Blanchard,  Sebastopol,  and  other  coal- 
mining places. 

Jenkins'  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Jenkins  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo. 

Jenkins  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Saline  River,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Jenk'insville,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ga. 

Jenk'intown,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Abington  township,  J  mile  from  Jenkintown  Station, 
which  is  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  New  Line,  9  miles 
N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1880,  810 ;  in  1890,  1609. 

Jenks,  a  township  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  118. 

Jenksville,  Massachusetts.    See  Ludlow. 

Jenks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Newark  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Owego.  It  has  a  church, 
a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Jennatabad,  the  Mohammedan  name  of  Gour. 

Jen'ne,  or  Jenneh,  jen'nSh',  written  also  Jin'ne,  a 
walled  town  of  Africa,  in  Soodan,  on  a  large  island,  called 
Massina,  in  the  Niger,  285  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Timbuctoo. 
It  is  a  place  of  great  commercial  activity,  and  is  resorted 
to  for  trade  by  the  people  of  the  surrounding  country.   The 
inhabitants  are  all  Mohammedans,  and  do  not  permit  infi- 
dels to  enter  the  town.     Pop.  8000. 
Jen'ner,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1703. 
Jenner's  Cross  Roads,  Pa.    See  Jennervillb. 
Jen'nerstowu,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Jenner  township,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johnstown.     It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Jen'nersTille,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in 

Penn  township,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester,  and  1 

mile  from  Penn  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore 

Central  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Jen'nerville,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  in 


Jenner  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Somerset,  and  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of  Ita 
post-office  is  Jenner's  Cross  Rouds. 

Jen'nie's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jen'nieton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  32  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Jen'nings,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  haa  an 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Gra- 
ham's Fork  and  the  Vernon  Fork  of  the  Muscatatuck  River 
and  by  Sand  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  moderately 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi,  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis, 
and  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louia  Railroads. 
Capital,  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,218}  in  1880,  16,453; 
in  1890,  14,608. 

Jennings,  a  post-offioe  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River.  Pop.  2081.  It  contains  Magnolia  and  Leaven- 
worth. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  836. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  801. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1278. 
It  contains  Austin. 

Jennings,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  is  new 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A 
Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  baa 
a  seminary  for  young  ladies. 

Jennings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  oo.,  N.C.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Statesville.  It  has  several  general  stores,  a  mill, 
and  other  business  conoems. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  1059. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  914. 

Jennings  Fails,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  oo.,  Ark.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Foarohe  la  Fave  River,  about  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Danville. 

Jennings*  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
abuut  12  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton. 

Jennings'  Or'dinarir,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nottoway  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churcbee. 

Jen'ningsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Jen'ny,  a  former  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Wis.,  now 
the  city  of  Merrill.     See  Mkbrill. 

Jenny  Lind,  apoet-huolet  of  Sebastian  oo.,  Ark.,  al>oat 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Jenny  Lind,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co..  Gal.,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  rich  gravel-mines  of  gold. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Jentt,  yi'nc)^  (BoROS,  bo^roz',  or  Eis,  kish),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  on  the  White  Koros,  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Arad.     Pop.  1600. 

Jeno  Dios,  y&'no^  dee^osh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Neograd.     Pop.  1080. 

Jepee,  y&'pee,  or  Shebshe,  shSb'sh^h,  a  town  of 
Bosnia,  on  the  Bosna,  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bosna-Serai 

Jepifan,  or  Jepitan,  Russia.    See  Yepifan. 

Jequitinhonha,  zhi-kee-teen-y5n'yi,  or  Rio 
Grande  do  Belmonte,  ree'o  gr&n'di  do  bSl-mon'ti,  a 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Serra  Pedra  Redonda,  flows  first 
N.  through  the  sUte  of  Minas-Geraes,  then  N.E.,  enters 
the  state  of  Bahia,  and  shortly  after,  passing  the  town  of 
Belmonte,  falls  into  the  Atlantic. 

Jerahi,  Jerrahi,  or  Djerrahi,  jer-r&'hee^  (ano. 
Hedyphon  /),  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Ehoozistan,  is 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Ram  Hormooz  and  Eoor- 
distan  Rivers,  and,  after  a  W.  course,  joins  the  Karoon 
River  (anc.  Paaiti'grU)  near  Mohammerah.  The  town  of 
Fellaneeyah  and  numerous  ruins  are  on  its  banks. 

Jerash,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Gerasa. 

Jeraslon,  or  Jeroslan,  Russia.    See  Yeroslas. 

Jerba,  or  Gerba,  jSr'ba,  an  island  of  Africa,  belonging 
to  Tunis,  in  the  Gulf  of  Cabes,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Zarziss. 
Length,  22  miles:  breadth,  14  miles.  Surface  level  and 
fertile.  On  this  island  is  a  triumphal  arch  in  honor  of 
Antoninus  and  Verus  j  also  a  pyramid,  from  25  to  30  feet 
in  height,  composed  of  the  skulls  of  the  Spanish  soldiers 
who,  under  the  conduct  of  Medinaceli  and  Andrea  Doria, 
perished  here  in  an  action  against  the  Turks  in  1558. 

Jeremie,  zhi^ri^mee'  or  zhfir^^h-mee',  a  seaport  town 
of  Hayti,  on  its  S.W.  peninsula,  125  miles  W.  of  Port-au- 
Prince.     Pop.  5000. 

Jerez,  Xerez,H&-rdth',  or  Jerez  del  Marquesado, 
Hi-r5th'  dfil  man-ki-si'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
35  miles  E.  of  Granada.    Pop.  2125. 


JER 


1507 


JER 


Jerez,  a  town  of  Honduras.    See  Xeres. 

Jerez  de  la  Frontera,  Bi-rSth'  d4  1&  fron-t&'r&,  or 
eimply  Jerez  or  Xerez,  Hi-rSth'  (Port.  Xerea,  shi-rfa'), 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.B.  of 
Cadiz.  It  consists  generally  of  well-built  houses  of  two  or 
tbree  stories,  arranged  in  regular  squares,  or  in  spacious, 
pared,  clean,  and  well-lighted  streets.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  the  Collegiate  church,  the  church  of  San  Miguel, 
with  some  fine  sculptures  and  reliefs,  several  other  churches, 
7  nunneries  and  12  suppressed  monasteries ;  the  Alcazar,  an 
old  Moorish  castle,  in  ruins;  the  town  house,  an  ancient 
and  elegant  structure,  with  a  facade  of  Corinthian  pillars ;  a 
college  or  gymnasium,  several  public  schools,  a  general  hos- 
pital, a  foundling  hospital,  and  two  other  hospitals.  It  is 
noted  for  its  wines,  well  known  under  the  name  of  sherry. 
Pop.  64,633. 

Jerez  (or  Xerez)  de  los  Caballeros,  Hi-r5th'  d& 
loce  ki-ail-yi'roce,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  40 
miles  S.  of  Badajos,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  a 
castle,  near  the  Ardilla.  It  is  partly  surrounded  by  an 
old  Arab  wall,  entered  by  6  gates.  It  has  wide  and  well- 
paved  streets,  8  squares,  4  parish  churches,  9  chapels,  4 
convents,  a  college,  2  hospitals,  a  theatre,  and  manufactures 
of  linen,  leather,  and  pottery.     Pop.  8295. 

Jerica,  or  Xerica,  Hi-ree'kA,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the 
Palancia.  It  is  an  ancient  town,  and  possessed  considerable 
importance  both  in  Roman  and  in  Saracenic  times. 

Jericho,  jfir'§-ko,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  famed 
in  Scripture  history,  but  now  represented  by  the  miserable 
village  of  Eriha  (i-ree'hi)  or  Riha  (ree'hi),  near  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  Dead  Sea,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jerusalem. 
Some  few  remains  of  antiquity  exist  in  and  around  it,  but 
none  that  can  be  identified  with  buildings  of  any  special 
era,  except  a  few  traces  of  a  Roman  road. 

Jericho,  jSr'^-ko,  a  post-offioe  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Marion. 

Jericho,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
Boston,  Hartford  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Wil- 
limantic. 

Jericho,  a  post-offioe  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  about  9  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Aurora. 

Jericho,  a  post-offioe  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &>  Lexington  Railroad,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Jericho,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Oyster 
Bay  township,  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  2 
miles  from  Hioksville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Jericho,  a  post-offioe  of  Wayne  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the  Neuse 
River,  at  White  Hall. 

Jericho,  a  post- village  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in  Jericho 
township,  12  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  lumber,  wooden- 
ware,  and  cheese.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Winooski  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Burlington  &, 
Lamoille  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1757. 

Jericho  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co.,  Yt., 
in  Jericho  township,  3  miles  from  Jericho  Station,  and 
about  14  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy. 

Jerichow,  yi're-Kov\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1743. 

Jerim,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Yerim. 

Jerm,  or  Djerm,  jdrm,  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Budukhshan, 
on  the  Koksha.     Lat.  36°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  47'  E. 

Jer'myn,  a  post- village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  in  the 
Lackawanna  Valley,  on  the  Delaware  &,  Hudson  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Scranton,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Carbondale. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  large  steam  grist-mill, 
a  powder-mill,  several  hotels,  &c.  Here  are  rich  coal-mines 
and  2  large  coal-breakers.     Pop.  in  1890,  2650. 

Jer'nigan,  a  post-village  of  Russell  oo.,  Ala.,  17  miles 
6.E.  of  Seale  Station,  and  ^  mile  from  the  Chattahoochee 
River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Jernot,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Radnoth. 

Jerome,  j^-rom',  a  post- village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Wild  Cat  River,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Kokomo,  and  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Jerome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Numa  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Jerome,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in  Som- 
erset township,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  a  church  and 
4  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Jerome,  a  township  of  Midland  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  173. 

Jerome,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  on 
xhf  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  and  on  the  Gas- 


conade River,  126  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  1  mile  W. 
of  Arlington.     It  has  a  depot  and  2  saw-mills. 

Jerome,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Westohester  township,  on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  its  terminus  in  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is 
Jerome  Park,  a  noted  race-course. 

Jerome,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1462. 

Jeromesville,  j^-rSmz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Ashland 
CO.,  0.,  in  Mohican  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Mohican 
River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland,  and  about  20  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  high  school  and  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  301. 

Jerona,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Geroha. 

Jer'ry  City,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mansfield  k  Coldwater  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  2  planing-mills. 

Jerry's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jersey,  j§r'zee  (anc.  Csesare'a),  the  largest  and  most 
S.E.  of  the  Channel  Islands,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  English  Channel,  13  miles  W.  of  the  coast 
of  France  (Cotentin),  and  35  miles  S.  of  Portland  Isle.  Lat. 
of  St.  Helier  49°  11'  3"  N.j  Ion.  2°  7'  W.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  12  miles ;  average  breadth,  5  miles.  Area,  45 
square  miles.  Pop.  56,627.  The  coasts  are  rocky  and 
abri^t ;  the  only  considerable  inlet  is  St.  Aubin's  Bay,  on 
the  E.  side,  skirted  by  a  sandy  shore.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  the  hill-ranges,  consisting  of  granite  and  schist, 
run  mostly  N.  and  S.,  enclosing  fertile  valleys.  The  cli- 
mate is  very  mild.  Property  is  greatly  subdivided.  Lead- 
ing articles  of  export  are  apples,  cider,  potatoes,  butter,  and 
cows  of  an  excellent  breed.  The  whole  island  appears  like 
a  continuous  orchard  dotted  with  picturesque  villages.  Off 
the  S.E.  coast  are  extensive  oyster-beds,  resorted  to  by  a 
large  fishing-fleet  belonging  to  the  island.  The  trade  is 
active,  and  the  people  of  Jersey  engage  largely  in  the 
Newfoundland  fishery.  Numbers  of  vessels  are  annually 
built  in  Jersey.  Steamers  communicate  frequently  with 
Southampton,  Weymouth,  St.  Malo,  and  Granville.  The 
island  is  the  residence  of  numerous  English  families,  but 
French  is  the  language  of  the  native  people.  Jersey  has 
its  own  legislature,  the  "  states,"  or  insular  parliament,  con- 
sisting of  36  members,  chosen  by  the  inhabitants,  their  acta 
being  confirmed  or  annulled,  in  special  cases,  by  the  gov- 
ernor. From  the  decisions  of  its  royal  court  appeal  lies 
only  to  the  sovereign  in  council.     Its  native  inhabitants 

E reserve  many  Normal  feudal  customs,  the  Channel  Islands 
aving  formed  a  part  of  the  Norman  dominion,  and  having 
remained  attached  to  England  since  the  Conquest.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  St.  Helier  (the  capital)  and  St.  Aubin.  The 
island  is  traversed  by  two  railways.  Jersey  is  an  agreeable 
place  of  resort,  and  is  somewhat  noted  as  a  winter  sanata- 
rium ;  but  its  climate  is  less  mild  and  equable  than  that  of 
Guernsey.  The  approach  by  sea  is  everywhere  dangerous, 
and  the  granitic  olifi°s  of  the  coast  abound  in  scenes  of  wild 
grandeur ;  but  the  scenery  of  the  interior  is  altogether  pas- 
toral. The  island  abounds  in  old  buildings  of  much  anti- 
quarian interest. 

Jersey,  j^r'zee,  a  southwestern  county  of  Illinois,  bor- 
dering on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Macoupin 
Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  forests,  undulating 
prairies,  and  high  picturesque  blufis  which  extend  along 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Thick  strata  of  Trenton  and  Niagara  limestone  (both  Silu- 
rian) and  of  carboniferous  limestone  crop  out  in  this  county. 
These  are  good  materials  for  building,  especially  the  Ni- 
agara limestone,  a  durable  buff"-colored  dolomite.  The 
value  of  the  stone  exported  from  the  quarries  of  this  county 
amounted  at  times  to  over  $300,000  per  annum.  Coal  is 
also  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  Capital,  Jerseyville.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,054;  in 
1880,  15,542;  in  1890,  14,810. 

Jersey,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  at  Poplar 
Grove  Station,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Jersey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Orion 
township,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church. 

Jersey,  a  post-village  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  in  Jersey 
township,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Pataskala  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  101 ;  of  the  township,  1253. 

Jersey,  j^r'zee,  a  post- village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Chaudidre,  13  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Franjois.  It  con- 
tains a  hotel,  a  store,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  150. 


JER 


1508 


JER 


Jersey  City,  capital  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  right 
or  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  at  its  entrance  into  New 
Tork  Bay,  pnd  opposite  New  York  City,  from  which  it  is  1 
mile  distant,  and  with  which  constant  communication  is 
maintained  by  6  ferries,  running  upwards  of  25  boats, 
generally  large  and  powerful.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  North 
Bergen,  Hoboken,  and  "West  Hoboken,  S.  by  Bayonne,  and 
W.  by  Newark  Bay  and  the  Hackensack  River,  and  extends 
6  miles  N.  and  S.  by  about  3  miles  E.  and  W.  The  Morris 
Canal  connects  it  with  Easton,  Pa.  The  streets  are  gener- 
ally, with  few  exceptions,  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  are 
of  good  width,  well  paved,  sewered,  lighted  with  gas  and 
electricity,  and  bordered  by  many  handsome  residences. 
There  are  4  public  squares,  which,  though  small  in  size, 
are  tastefully  laid  out.  The  more  prominent  public  build- 
ings are  the  city  hall,  court-house  and  jail,  and  school- 
houses,  the  latter  of  which  number  25,  mostly  well  con- 
structed of  brick.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Red  Star  line 
of  steamships  to  Europe,  and  its  commerce  is  returned  as 
a  portion  of  the  New  York  customs-district,  of  which  it  is 
by  law  an  integral  part.  It  is  also  the  terminus  of  13  lines 
of  railroad,  viz.,  the  Pennsylvania,  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  (Morris  &  Essex  division),  the  Central 
of  New  Jersey  (connecting  with  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing at  Bound  Brook),  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western, 
the  New  Jersey  Midland,  the  New  York,  Susquehanna  A 
Western,  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  New 
Jersey  A  New  York,  the  New  York  &  Greenwood  Lake, 
the  Newark  &  New  York,  the  Jersey  City  A  Albany,  the 
West  Shore,  and  the  Jersey  City  &  Bergen.  Besides  these 
roads,  Jersey  City  has  direct  communication,  by  steam 
ferry,  with  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  and 
New  York  A  New  England  Railroads,  the  steamer  trans- 
porting through-cars  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  from 
its  tracks  in  Jersey  City  to  the  tracks  of  the  Shore  Line 
division  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Rail- 
road at  Port  Morris.  In  addition  to  the  regular  ferries 
between  Jersey  City  and  New  York,  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road and  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad 
have  each  a  ferry  direct  to  Brooklyn.  Immense  quantities 
of  iron,  coal,  produce,  and  general  merchandise  are  brought 
to  and  shipped  from  Jersey  City.  There  are  also  horse- 
railways  to  Hoboken  and  Bayonne  and  to  all  parts  of  the 
city  itself.  It  contains  67  churches,  a  high  school,  a  normal 
school,  3  national  banks  (capital,  $1,300,000),  3  savings- 
banks,  2  insurance  companies,  2  Young  Men's  Christian 
Associations,  and  several  charitable  institutions.  Three 
daily  newspapers  are  published  here. 

This  city  is  supplied  with  water  piped  from  the  Passaic 
River  by  means  of  hydraulic  works  at  Belleville,  6  miles 
distant.  Here  are  many  and  various  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, among  which  the  more  important  are  the  Lorril- 
lard  tobacco  manufactories,  2  crucible-works,  3  foundries, 
a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  3  boiler-works,  3  locomotive 
and  railroad-supply  manufactories,  2  large  sugar-refineries, 
and  2  silk-mills,  besides  numerous  zinc-works,  breweries, 
planing-mills,  potteries,  manufactories  of  chemicals,  jewelry, 
fireworks,  lead-pencils,  candles,  soap,  hydrants,  chains, 
rubber  goods,  castor  and  linseed  oil,  copper-ware,  oakum, 
chains  and  spikes,  car-springs,  stoves,  steam  heaters,  Ac. 
It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the  mints  of  Europe,  as  well  as 
those  ofthis  country,  obtain  their  crucibles  from  the  works 
of  Jersey  City.  Here  are  located  large  stock-yards  and  an 
extensive  abattoir  where  vast  quantities  of  cattle  and  sheep 
are  slaughtered  for  the  New  York  markets.  This  establish- 
ment was  opened  in  1874,  and  is  one  of  the  largest,  most 
complete,  and  best  appointed  in  the  United  States;  it  drains 
into  the  river,  and  has  rail  connection  directly  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  The  slaughtering  of  hogs  is  car- 
ried on  upon  the  Hackensack  meadows,  beyond  the  city 
limits.  The  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  board  of 
aldermen,  and  five  executive  boards.  There  is  a  police  force 
of  upwards  of  190  men,  under  a  superintendent,  a  chief, 
an  inspector,  7  captains,  and  24  sergeants,  directed  by  a 
board  of  police  commissioners.  There  is  an  eflacient  fire 
department,  well  appointed  and  well  equipped,  and  the  city 
has  two  gas  companies.  Public  education  is  directly  con- 
trolled by  a  board  of  education,  who  elect  a  city  superin- 
tendent, and  besides  the  public  schools  above  mentioned 
there  are  10  denominational  and  20  private  schools  and 
academies.  The  site  whereon  Jersey  City  stands  was 
formerly  called  Paulus  Hook,  but  in  1820  it  was  chartered 
as  "  the  City  of  Jersey,"  which  was  changed  in  a  subsequent 
charter  (in  1838)  to  "Jersey  City."  The  population  in 
1850  was  6856;  in  1860,  29,226;  in  1870,  82,546;  in  1880, 
120,722 ;  in  1890  (United  States  census)  163,003 ;  the  present 
population  is  about  175,000. 


Jer'sey  Har'bor,  a  fishing-station  in  the  diftriot  of 
Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  2i  miles  from  Harbor  Briton. 
Pop.  150. 

Jersey  Land'ing,  a  post-ofSce  of  Contra  Costa  oo.,  Cal.. 

on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  9  miles  from  Antioch. 

Jersey  Landing,  Illinois.    See  Elsah. 

Jersey  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on 
Pine  Creek,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Look  Haven.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  saw-mill. 

Jersey  Shore,  a  post-borough  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
in  Porter  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  2  miles  N.  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Williamsport,  and  13  miles  below  Lock 
Haven.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  the 
West  Branch  boarding  and  high  school,  a  national  bank, 
and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  1394.  Jersey  Shore  Station  is  at 
Antes  Fort. 

Jer'seytown,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Madison  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church,  2  hotels,  and  2  stores. 

Jer'seyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jersey  eo.,  111., 
on  the  Jacksonville  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton,  and  47  miles  S.  of  Jack- 
sonville. It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  2  bank- 
ing-houses, 9  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  2894;  in  1890,  3207. 

Jerseyville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Howell 
township,  i  mile  from  Howell  Station.  It  has  a  church 
Pop.  about  100. 

Jerseyville,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  eo.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  S.  of  Lynden.     Pop.  150. 

Jersitz,  yfin'sits,  or  Jerzyce,  a  town  of  Prossia,  form- 
ing a  suburb  of  Posen.     Pop.  4683. 

Jerte,  or  Xerte,  HfiR'tA,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  rises  on  the  frontiers  of  Old  Castile,  flows  S.,  and 
joins  the  Alagon,  afler  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Jerte,  or  Xerte,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  66  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1227. 

Jemmenha,  zh&-roo-mdn'y&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Piauhy,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Qoroguea,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Parnahiba,  95  miles  W.  of  Oeiras.     Pop.  3000. 

Jernsalem,  j^-ru'sa-ldm  (also  Kadushah  in  Hebrew; 
Qr.  Ka3vTi(,  KadutU,  and  "lepoo-rfAv/aa,  HilrStSlwma ;  L. 
Qady'tit  and  Hierosol'yma;  Arab.  El  Kada,  41  kids,  "the 
Holy;"  It.  &ertMa{emm«,  ji-roo-8&-l£m'm& ;  Fr.  Jirvtalem, 
zhi^rU^siMSm';  Qer.  Jerxualem,  yk-roo'ekAhm''),  a  city  of 
Palestine,  the  seat  of  the  most  important  events  described 
in  Holy  Writ,  is  now  comprised  in  the  Turkish  dominions, 
and  near  the  centre  of  tne  mountain-region  between  the 
Mediterranean  and  the  Dead  Sea,  33  miles  S.E.  of  its  port, 
JaflFa,  and  2660  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  31°  46'  43"  N.; 
Ion.  35°  13'  E.  Mean  annual  temperature,  62.6° ;  summer, 
73.8° ;  winter,  49.6°.  Stationary  population  about  20,000, 
but  about  Easter  the  number  is  annually  augmented  by  a 
great  crowd  of  Christian,  Mohammedan,  and  Jewish  pil- 
grims. It  is  situated  between  the  valley  of  the  Kedron 
(valley  of  Jehoshaphat),  on  the  N.  and  E.,  and  that  of 
Gihon  (valley  of  Hinnom),  which  joins  the  former  immedi- 
ately on  the  S.E.  The  city  occupies  the  four  hills  of  Zion 
and  Acra  on  the  W.  and  Moriah  and  Bezetha  on  the  E., 
and  is  about  2J  miles  in  circumference,  surrounded  by 
stately  walls  of  hewn  stone,  built  in  the  sixteenth  century 
and  probably  enclosing  the  same  area  that  Jerusalem  has 
had  since  the  days  of  Hadrian ;  but  the  city  previous  to  its 
destruction  by  Titus  is  conjectured  to  have  been  nearly 
twice  as  extensive,  and  a  part  even  of  Mount  Zion,  the  site 
of  the  citadel  of  David,  is  not  within  the  modern  walls. 

Jerusalem  is  entered  by  four  gates,  facing  towards  the 
cardinal  points.  The  public  ways  are  narrow,  ill  paved, 
and  dull,  but  the  houses  are  in  general  better  built,  and  the 
streets  cleaner,  than  those  of  Alexandria,  Smyrna,  or  even 
Constantinople.  The  dwellings  are  of  hewn  stone,  many 
of  them  large  and  furnished  with  small  domes.  On  Mount 
Moriah  is  an  oblong  area,  510  yards  in  length,  with  a 
breadth  varying  from  318  to  350  yards,  which  anciently 
formed  the  site  of  the  famous  temple,  and  probably  also  of 
the  fortress  of  Antonia.  This  area  is  still  enclosed  by  walls, 
which  on  the  E.  side  form  a  part  of  the  outer  wall  of  the 
city,  and  both  here  and  at  tbe  S.W.  corner  are  portions 
composed  of  stones  of  vast  size,  considered  to  have  formed 
parts  of  the  identical  walls  raised  by  Solomon  or  his  suc- 
cessors. The  tower  of  Hippicus,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  city, 
is  still  to  be  identified,  as  are  the  pools  of  Hezekiah,  Gihon, 
and  Siloam,  the  vaults  and  cisterns  of  the  temple,  and  some 
of  the  ancient  gates  now  walled  up ;  but  the  localities  pointed 
out  as  those  of  the  actual  Via  Dolorosa,  of  the  Holy  Sep- 
ulchre, Ac,  have  at  best  but  a  questionable  claim  to  their 


JER 


1509 


JET 


titles.  Recent  explorations  hare  brought  to  light  many 
important  remains  of  extreme  antiquity. 

Among  the  most  oonspiouous  modern  buildings  are  the 
mosque  of  Omar  {Kubbel-ea-Sukkra,  "  dome  of  the  rock"), 
an  elegant  octagonal  edifice,  erected  between  a.d.  686  and 
(J93  in  the  centre  of  the  temple  area;  the  mosque  of  El 
Aksa,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  same  area ;  the  gorgeous 
church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  a  Byzantine  edifice,  erected 
by  Helena,  the  mother  of  Constantino  the  Great,  on  Mount 
Acra,  over  the  reputed  site  of  the  sepulchre  of  the  Saviour ; 
the  Greek,  Coptic,  and  Latin  convents,  and  the  rained 
palace  of  the  Hospitallers,  on  the  same  mount;  the  Arme- 
nian and  Syrian  convents,  and  the  church  of  St.  James,  on 
Mount  Zion ;  the  church  of  St.  Anna,  and  the  reputed  birth- 
place of  the  Virgin,  on  Mount  Bezetha;  and  the  modern 
citadel,  close  to  the  Jaffa  gate.  Outside  of  the  walls  are  also 
the  (so-called)  House  of  Caiaphas,  now  an  Armenian  con- 
vent, the  Moslem  tomb  and  mosque  of  David,  the  Armenian, 
Greek,  and  Latin  cemeteries,  all  on  Mount  Zion ;  the  Pools 
of  Gihon,  and  the  remains  of  an  ancient  aqueduct;  on  the 
N.,  the  Mohammedan  cemeteries,  the  edifices  designated  the 
tombs  "  of  the  kings  and  of  the  judges."  On  the  E.,  in  the 
valley  of  Jehoshaphat,  are  numerous  other  tombs,  and  the 
garden  of  Gethsemane,  between  which  ris6s  the  Mount  of 
Olives,  having  on  its  S.  and  S.W.  the  Mount  of  Offence  and 
village  of  Siloam.  On  the  S.  the  valley  of  Hinnom  (Gihon) 
is  bounded  by  the  hill  of  Evil  Counsel.  Jerusalem  has 
some  manufactures  of  soap  and  oil,  but  its  principal  trade 
is  in  rosaries  and  similar  products  made  in  the  city.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  vast  quantities  of  earth  were  removed  from 
holy  localities  within  the  walls,  and  shipped  to  form  the 
tampo  santo  at  Pisa.  The  city  was  originally  taken  from 
the  Jebusitea  by  the  Hebrews  under  Joshua  about  B.C.  1400 ; 
was  taken  and  destroyed  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  B.C.  598 ;  re- 
built by  command  of  Cyrus,  B.C.  586 ;  taken  by  Ptolemy 
Soter,  B.C.  324 ;  afterwards  held  by  the  Maccabees ;  taken 
by  Pompey,  B.C.  63 ;  and  held  as  a  Roman  city  under  Herod 
(who  rebuilt  the  temple)  until  its  almost  total  destruction 
by  the  troops  of  Titus,  a.d.  70.  At  this  period,  in  the  words 
of  Pliny,  it  was  the  most  famous  city  not  only  of  Palestine 
but  of  the  whole  East.  In  a.d.  135  the  Jews  were  finally 
dispersed,  and  the  city  was  again  rebuilt  by  Hadrian.  It 
was  captured  by  the  Persians  in  614,  by  the  Saracens  under 
Omar  in  637,  in  1099  by  the  Crusaders  under  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon,  and  held  by  the  Christians  for  88  years,  when 
it  was  again  captured  by  the  forces  of  Saladin  in  1187.  It 
has  remained  under  Turkish  government  ever  since,  except 
for  a  short  interval  during  1832,  when  it  was  taken  by  the 
Egyptians  under  Ibrahim  Pasha.  It  is  the  see  of  Greek 
and  Latin  patriarchs,  of  a  Melchite  bishop,  and  of  a  Prot- 
estant bishop.  The  inhabitants,  consisting  of  Moham- 
medans, Jews,  and  Christians,  are  generally  very  poor. 
The  language  spoken  is  the  Arabic. 

Jeru'salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga.,  27 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cartersville.     It  has  a  church. 

Jerusalem,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.   Pop.  32. 

Jernsalem,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y. 

Jerusalem,  a  township  of  Yates  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Keuka  Lake.     Pop.  2507.     It  contains  Branohport. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Jeru- 
salem township,  12  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  steam 
■aw-mill,  a  tannery,  &c.   The  township  contains  5  churches. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  North  Dakota,  in  Ram- 
sey CO.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Devils  Lake,  the  capital  of 
the  county,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Latoka. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Barnesville,  and  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Jerusalem  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Magnolia  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jer'vis,  a  small  island  in  Torres  Strait.  Lat.  9°  55'  S. ; 
Ion.  142°  10'  E. 

Jer'vis  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  85  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Sydney,  is  one  of  the  safest  and  most  commodious  harbors 
in  the  world.  It  is  9  miles  in  length  and  breadth.  On  a 
headland,  810  feet  above  the  sea,  is  a  revolving  light,  seen 
from  a  distance  of  18  miles. 

Jervis  Cape,  South  Australia,  bounds  Spencer  Gulf  on 
the  W.  side  of  its  entrance. 

Jervis  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Jahvis  Island. 

Jesalmir,  India.     See  Jbssulheer. 

Jeschil-Ermak,  Asia  Minor.     See  Yesbil-Irhak. 

Jesdichuast,  or  Jesdikast.    See  Yezdikhast. 

Jesi,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Iesi. 

Jes'mond,  a  northern  suburb  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
Eno-land.     Pop.  3068. 


Jesrod,  jAs^rod',  Jesrout,  jfisVoot',  or  JnsrontR, 

jiis-roo'ti,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  67  miles  N.  of  Amritsir. 

Jes'samine,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  162  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  is  drained  by  Jessamine 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Grain  and  live-stock  are  the  staples.  It  is  connected  with 
Cincinnati  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  and  traversed 
by  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route.  Capital,  Nicholasville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8638;  in  1880,  10,864;  in  1890,  11,248. 

Jessamine,  a  post-bamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  2 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nicholasville. 

Jessamine  Creek,  of  Jessamine  oo.,  Ky.,  flows  S.W. 
into  the  Kentucky  River. 

Jessava,  y5s-si'vi,  a  river  of  Servia,  joins  the  Danube 
at  Semendria.     Length,  80  miles. 

Jesselmere,  India.    See  Jessulmeer.      ' 

Jessen,  ySs's^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  5U  miles 
N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Black  Elster.     Pop.  2417. 

Jess'enland,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     P.  863. 

Jesse's  (jes'sjz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.. 
Va.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Abingdon.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Jessnitz,  ySss'nits,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Anhalt,  on 
the  Mulde,  10  miles  S.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  3616. 

Jesso,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Yesso. 

Jessore,  or  Jessor,  jes^soR',  a  district  of  Bengal,  m 
the  Ganges  delta.  Lat.  22°  25'  50"-23°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  57' 
33"-90°  13"  E.  Area,  5783  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile 
plain,  traversed  by  innumerable  navigable  channels,  and 
including  a  part  of  the  Sunderbunds,  which  are  densely 
timbered  and  abound  with  tigers,  buffaloes,  crocodiles,  rhi- 
noceroses, and  serpents.     Capital,  Jessore.     Pop.  2,075,021. 

Jessore,  or  Jessor  (Sans.  Yashohara),  called  also 
Kasba,  kiis'ba,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  the  Jessore 
district,  in  a  marshy  region,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  hospital.  Pop.  8152.  The 
name  Jessore  has  been  given  to  Moorley  and  other  former 
capitals  of  the  district.  The  original  Jessore  (whose  ruins 
are  now  called  Iswaripoor)  stood  in  the  Sunderbunds,  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Calcutta. 

Jessulmeer,  Jesselmere,  or  Jesalmir,  jis^sel- 
meer',  written  also  Jaysulmeer,  and  Jaysulmir,  j4- 
siLl-meer',  one  of  the  five  principal  Rajpoot  states  of  India, 
comprising  a  large  part  of  the  Indian  Desert,  between  lat. 
26°  and  28°  N.  and  Ion.  69°  and  72°  E.  Area,  12,252 
square  miles.     Pop.  74,500. 

Jessulmeer,  or  Jesselmere,  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  state,  138  miles  W.N.W.  of  Joodpoor.  Lat. 
26°  55'  N . ;  Ion.  71°  28'  E.  Pop.  35,000.  It  is  about  2  miles 
in  circumference,  enclosed  by  a  stone  rampart,  and  has  a 
strong  fort  on  a  scarped  rock.  The  town  is  regularly  laid 
out,  well  built,  and  the  residence  of  many  merchants. 

Jes'sup,  or  Jes'up,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Macon 
&  Brunswick  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  4  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1890,  907. 

Jessup,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co..  Neb. 

Jessup,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.    Pop.  804. 

Jessup  Lake,  Florida.    See  Lake  Jessup. 

Jessup's,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.    See  Hooversville. 

Jessup's  Landing,  New  York.    See  Corinth. 

Jessnp's  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton  co., 
runs  northeastward,  passes  through  Indian  Lake,  and  enters 
the  Hudson  River  in  Essex  co.     Length,  36  miles. 

Jessup's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Jestico,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Port  Hood. 

Jesuit's  (jgz'u-its)  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemine 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Jes'up,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  78  milea 
W.  of  Dubuque,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Independence.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  in  1880,  669;  in  1890,  573. 

Jesus  Island,  Canada.    See  Isle  Jesus. 

Je'sus  Mari'a,  an  island  of  the  South  Pacific,  E  >f 
Admiralty  Island. 

Jesus  Maria,  ni'soos  mi-ree'i,  a  seaport  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  86  miles 
S.  of  Matamoras. 

Je'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church. 

Jethou,  zh&Hoo',  one  of  the  smaller  Channel  Islands 
belonging  to  Great  Britain,  2^  miles  E.  of  Guernsey. 


JET 


1510 


JHU 


Jett's  Creek,  a  post-oflace  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky. 

Jetze,  letze,  yet's^h,  or  Jeetze,  yit's^h,  a  small 
river  of  North  Germany,  falls  into  the  Elbe  near  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  Hanover. 

Jever,  yi'v§r,  a  town  of  Germany,  j?rand  duchy  and  33 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Oldenburg,  on  the  Sieltief  Canal, 
near  the  sea.  Pop.  4054.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather, 
liquors,  and  tobacco. 

Jevst,  or  Jewst,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yevst. 

Jewala-Muki,  j^-wi'li-moo'kee  ("  mouth  of  flame"), 
a  town  and  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage  in  the  Punjab,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Nadaun.  Pop.  about  3000.  It  has  several 
temples,  a  large  bazaar,  and  mineral  springs. 

Jew'ell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Nebraska.  Area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Limestone  and  Buffalo  Creeks  and  other  affluents  of  the 
Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  97  per  cent,  prairie.  The 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  and  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Mankato.  Pop. 
in  1870,  207;  in  1S80,  17,475;  in  1890,  19,349. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Jewell,  a  post- village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Kokomo.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  etc. 

Jewell,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Webster  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  graded  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  414. 

Jewell,  or  Jewell  City,  a  post-village  in  Buffalo 
township,  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  Buffalo 
Creek,  93  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  is  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Raikoad.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  steam  mill,  two  lumber-yards, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Defiance. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Ne- 
halem  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Astoria. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex. 

Jewel 'la,  a  station  in  Caddo  parish.  La.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Shreveport. 

Jewell's,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Jewell's,  Hancock  co.,  G«.    See  Jewell's  Mills. 

Jewell's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  Miss. 

Jewell's  Mills,  a  village  of  Hancock  and  Warren  cos., 
Ga.,  on  the  Ogeechee  River,  4^  miles  S.E.  of  Mayfield  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Here  is  Jewell's  Post-Office. 

Jew'ellville,  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  (5a. 

Jew'ett,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo.,  IlL,  in 
Greenup  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Majority  Point,  and  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Effingham.  It  has  3  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  2 
or  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Jewett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jewett 
township,  on  the  Catskill  Mountains,  24  miles  W.  of  Cats- 
kill.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1119. 

Jewett,  or  Fair'view,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co., 
0.,  in  Rumley  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  3 
churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Jewett,  and  the 
station-name  is  Fairview. 

Jewett,  a  post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  44  miles  S.W.  of 
Palestine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Jewett  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Catskill. 

Jewett  City,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Griswold  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the 
Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich, 
and  about  1  mile  E.  of  Jewett  City  Station  of  the  New  York 
&  New  England  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  2  cotton-factories. 

Jewett  Mills,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Willow  River,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-aill. 

Jewsburg,  Carroll  co.,  Md.    See  Mount  Vernon. 

Jewur,  Gewnr,  or  Jewar,  jee'war,  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Boolundshahur  district.  Lat.  28°  7'  N  •  Ion  77° 
39'  E.     Pop.  7399. 

Jeypoor,  Jyepoor,  or  Jypoor,  ji-poor',  one  of  the 
five  ])rmoipal  Rajpoot  states  of  India,  tributary  to  the 
British,  contains  some  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  India, 


and  numerous  Jain  temples.     Area,  15,251  square  miles. 
Capital,  Jeypoor.     Pop.  in  1891,  2,832,276. 

Jeypoor,  Jyepoor,  or  Jypoor,  a  city  of  India,  cap- 
ital of  the  above  state,  in  a  barren  valley,  148  miles  S.W.  of 
Delhi.  Pop.  in  1891,  158,905.  It  is  handsome,  regularly 
built,  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall  flanked  by  towers,  commanded 
by  a  citadel  and  forts  on  adjacent  heights,  and  has  spacious 
market-places,  squares  of  houses  of  many  stories  in  height, 
numerous  temples  in  the  purest  Hindoo  style,  and  a  mag- 
nificent palace. 

Jeypoor- Ghaut,  ji-poor^-gawt',  4  miles  W.  of  the 
above,  is  a  dreary  defile,  in  which  various  palaces,  pavilions, 
and  temples  were  built  by  a  former  rajah. 

Jezar-Erkene,orDje8r-Erkene,j5z'§r-fir'ki-n4h, 
a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritza, 
where  it  receives  the  Erkene,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Jezd,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Yezd. 

Jezeer,  Jezir,  jdz-eer',  or  Jezeeret  (Jeziret), 
j5z-ee'r§t,  an  Arabian  word,  signifying  "island,"  forming  a 
part  of  various  names. 

Jezeereh-  (or  Jezireh-)  Ibn-Omar,  jdz'ee^rdh- 
Ib'n-o^mar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  130  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Diarbekir,  on  an  island  in  the  Tigris,  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge,  which,  like  the  castle  and  the  rest  of  the  town,  if 
now  mostly  in  ruins. 

Jezeeret,  or  Jeziret.    See  Cdria  Mubia. 

Jezeeret-el-Shaf,  Egypt.    See  Elephantin£. 

Jezeeret-  (or  Jeziret- )Faroon,jfi8-ee'r§t-f4^roon', 
a  small  island  of  Arabia,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Akabah,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Akabah.  Extensive  remains  of 
antiquity  here  have  given  rise  to  the  supposition  that  tbi« 
was  the  ancient  Elath. 

Jezeeret-  (Jeziret-)  Hassan,  jSz-ee'r^t-hAs'sin^ 
and  Jezeeret-es-Saba  (iB-s&'b&)  {i.e.,  " the  brothers"), 
are  rocks  in  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Jezierna,  y&^tse-iR'n&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galioia, 
on  a  railway,  N.W.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  3987. 

Jezreel,  the  ancient  name  of  Zerben. 

Jezreel,  Plain  of.    See  Esdraelon. 

Jhcy^har',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Boolundshahur  dib 
trict.     Pop.  5632. 

Jhalakati,  j&-l%-k&'tee,  Maharajgunge,  or  Ma- 
harajgaiu,  mi-hi-rij-gSnj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of 
Backergunge,  on  a  navigable  river,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bur- 
risol.  It  has  a  great  export  trade  in  timber,  fire-wood, 
rice,  and  paddy,  and  imports  much  salt.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Jhalawan,  j&-l&-w&n',  a  province  of  Beloochistan,  be- 
tween lat.  26°  and  29°  N.  and  Ion.  66°  and  67°  30'  E.  Area, 
16,000  square  miles.  Pop.  40,000.  It  has  only  a  few  pro- 
ductive tracts. 

Jhalda,  or  Jhalida,  Bengal.     See  Jaclda. 

Jhallawar,  j&I'la-war,  or  Jhallowa,  j&l'l9-w&,  a 
native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  between  lat.  23°  48' 
and  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  75°  24'  and  77°  E.  Area,  2200  square 
miles.     Pop.  220,000. 

Jhallawnr,  or  Jhalawar,  j&l'la-wQr,  a  native  state 
of  India,  in  Kattywar.  Area,  3793  square  miles.  It  is  level, 
and  productive  of  cotton  and  wheat.  Lat.  22°  18'-23°  8 
N.;  Ion.  70°  50'-72°  10'  E.     Pop.  381,389. 

Jhaloo,  j&Uoo',  written  also  Jahaln,  j&^ha-loo',  a  town 
of  India,  district  of  Bijnanr.  Lat.  29°  20'  N. ;  lat.  78«»  17' 
E.     Pop.  5979. 

Jhang,  a  district  of  the  Punjab.    See  Juno. 

Jhansee,  or  Jhansi,  j&n'see,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Jhansee  division,  230  miles  W.  of  Allahabad.  It  has 
manufactures  of  carpets  and  arms.     Pop.  (1891)  53,779. 

Jhansee,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  North-West  Prov 
inces,  forming  a  part  of  Jhansee  division,  British  Bundel 
cund.  Lat.  25°  15'-26°  N. ;  Ion.  78°  26'-79°  45'  E.  Area, 
1567  square  miles.  Pop.  317,826.  The  division  of  Jhansee 
has  an  area  of  6134  square  miles.     Pop.  934,934. 

Jhansoo-Jeang,  or  Jhansu-Jeang,  j&n-soo'-j&- 
4ng',  a  fortified  rock  in  Thibet,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Teshoo- 
Loomboo. 

Jheend,  Jeend,  or  Jhind,  jeend,  a  native  state  of 
India,  in  the  Sirhind  plain.    Area,  985  square  miles.    Cap- 
ital, Jheend,  a  town  75  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.   Pop,  190,475. 
•  Jhelnm,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jhtlum. 

Jhinji,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Ginsee. 

Jhoonjoona,  joon-joo'ni,  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpoo- 
tana, 24  miles  S.E.  of  Chooroo,  in  an  oasis  of  the  desert,  and 
handsomely  built. 

Jhow,  jow,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Mekran, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Bela.  Around  it  many  remains  of  an- 
tiquity have  been  discovered. 

Jhu^hur',  a  town  of  India,  35  miles  W.  of  Delhi,  capi- 
tal of  a  native  state  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  ]0,54.i. 


JHU 


1511 


JOD 


Jhaigharpoor,  or  Jhanjharpnr,  j  fin -jar-poor',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Durbungah.  Lat.  26"  16'  N.; 
Ion.  86°  19'  E.     It  is  noted  for  its  brass-ware.     Pop.  3940. 

Jhylnm,  Jailnm,  Jylum,  Jilnm,  ji'lQm,  written 
also  Jhelum,  Jelnm,  or  Behat,  be-hut'  (ano.  Hydaa'- 
pea),  the  westernmost  of  the  "five  rivers"  of  the  Punjab, 
rises  in  Cashmere,  the  whole  of  which  valley  it  drains,  and, 
after  a  S.W.  course  estimated  at  350  miles,  joins  the  Che- 
naub  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mooltan,  from  which  junction  it  is 
navigable  upwards  nearly  to  its  emergence  from  the  moun- 
tains. It  is  also  navigable  for  70  miles  in  Cashmere.  Chief 
affluents,  the  Kishengunga  and  Pir-Panjal.  On  it  are  the 
towns  of  Islamabad,  Shahabad,  Serinagur,  Jhylum,  Julal- 
poor,  and  Pind-Dadun-Khan. 

Jhylum,  or  Jhilam^jI'lilm,  called  also  Jhelnm,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Jhylum  district,  on  the  river 
Jhylum,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  6140. 

Jhylani)  a  district  of  the  Rawil-Pinde  division,  Punjab, 
India.  Area,  3910  square  miles.  Capital,  Jhylum.  Pop. 
500,988. 

Jiabar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Giabar. 

Jibara,  a  village  of  Cuba.     See  Gibara. 

Jiddah,  Jidda,  or  Djiddah,  jid'di,  a  seaport  town 
and  one  of  the  principal  trading  entrep&ts  of  Arabia,  in 
El  Hejaz,  65  miles  W.  of  Mecca,  of  which  it  is  the  port. 
Lat.  21°  28'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  39°  13'  E.  Stationary  population 
about  25,000.  The  town  proper  is  built  of  madrepore  and 
stone,  and  is  cleaner  than  most  places  in  the  East;  the 
suburbs  are  mean.  The  public  buildings  comprise  numer- 
ous khans,  several  mosques,  the  governor's  residence,  cus- 
tom-house, a  small  castle,  and  the  reputed  tomb  of  Eve.  The 
vicinity  is  a  bare  desert.  Rain-water  has  to  be  carefully 
preserved  in  cisterns,  and  provisions  to  be  brought  from  a 
long  distance;  yet  Jiddah  has  a  large  transit  trade  with 
all  the  surrounding  countries.  Imports  from  Abyssinia  and 
Egypt  consist  of  provisions,  tobacco,  clothing,  musk,  civet, 
and  incense;  muslins  and  other  fabrics,  teak,  cocoanuts, 
spices,  and  shawls  are  received  from  India,  spice  from  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  and  slaves  from  Zanzibar;  and  Eng- 
lish goods  are  received  by  steamer.  Exports  to  Abyssinia 
consist  of  coral,  Egyptian  cotton  goods,  sword-blades, 
matchlocks,  cutlery,  hardware,  mirrors,  and  leather;  and 
Oriental  goods  of  all  kinds,  with  dates,  coffee,  and  Mecca 
balm,  are  sent  by  sea  to  Suez,  whence  they  are  distributed 
over  the  whole  Levant.  Many  thousand  pilgrims  arrive 
here  annually  on  the  route  to  Mecca.  The  shereef  of  that 
city  has  ruled  in  Jiddah  from  the  time  of  Mohammed  to 
the  present  century ;  but  the  town  is  now  under  Turkish 
government.     A  quay  and  quay -railway  were  built  in  1889. 

Jiga-Gonnggar,  jee'gi-goong^gar'  (?),  a  town  of 
Thibet,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  29°  58'  N.;  Ion.  91° 
28'  E.     Its  population  is  said  to  comprise  20,000  families. 

Jigat,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dwaraca. 

Jihoon,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Amoo-Darya. 

Jijeli,  Gigelli,  or  Djigelli,  je-j4riee,  a  fortified 
maritime  town  of  Algeria,  province  and  54  miles  N.W.  of 
Constantino.     It  has  defective  harbor-works.     Pop.  2122. 

Jijiginsk,  Gijighinsk,or  Gijiginsk,je-je-ghinsk', 
written  also  Ijighinsk,  a  fortified  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Sea  of  Okhotsk,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Penjinsk.    See  Gulf 

OF  JlJIGINSK. 

Jijon,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Gijon. 

Jijona,  Xixona,  He-Ho'n&,  or  Jigona,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.  Pop. 
3612.     Chief  industry,  manufacture  of  linen  and  shoes. 

Jikadze,  Jikadaze,  Thibet.    See  Teshoo-Loohboo. 

Jila,  a  river  of  North  America.     See  Gila  River. 

Jiles  (jilz)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg co.,  Ky. 

Jillifrey,  jilMe-fri',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  river  Gambia. 

Jiloca,  or  Xiloca,  He-lo'k&,  and  Jilon,  or  Xilon, 
He-Ion',  two  rivers  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  unite  at  Calatayud 
to  form  a  tributary  of  the  Ebro,  which  it  joins  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Saragossa,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Jilolo,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Gilolo. 

Jilum,  a  river  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jhtlum. 

Jimamailan,  He-m&-mi-l&n',  a  town  of  the  Philip- 
pines, on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Negros.     Pop.  1685. 

Jimena,  or  Ximena,  He-mi'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  14  miles  from  Jaen.     Pop.  2020. 

Jimena  (or  Ximena)  de  la  Frontera,  He-md,'n& 
dk  18,  fron-t4'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  46  miles 
E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the  Sierra  de  Gazules, 
crowned  by  an  old  Roman  fort.     Pop.  6577. 

Jimera  (or  Ximera)  de  liivar  (or  Libar),  ne-mA'- 
T&  d4  le-vaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1031. 


Jimes,  jimz,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  0. 

Jim  Henry,  a  township  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  542. 

Jim'my  Camp,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col. 

Jim  Ned,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles  W. 
of  Brownwood. 

Jim  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  70 
miles  S.  of  Kearney  Junction,  Neb. 

JimtOAVn,  Kentucky.    See  Fourtai:?  Hun. 

Jim  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  5  mile« 
from  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

Jindialeh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Jendialeb. 

Ji]:ueera,or  Jii^jira, jin-jee'ra,  called  also Hnbshee, 
hiib'shee  ("  Abyssinian"),  a  native  state  of  India,  on  the 
W.  coast.  Lat.  18°-18°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  62'-73°  18'  E. 
Area,  324  square  miles.  Capital,  Jinjeera,  a  town  with  a 
deep  and  good  harbor,  48  miles  S.  of  Bombay.   Pop.  71,996- 

Jinne,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Jenne. 

Jiijeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Girgeh. 

Jiron,  Colombia,  South  America.     See  Giron. 

Jitomir,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Zhitoheer. 

Jizdra,  or  Jisdra,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zhizdra. 

Jizeh,  Egypt.     See  Gheezeh. 

Joa,  jo'9,,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus  during  inundations,  but 
in  the  dry  season  merely  a  salt-water  creek.  Lat.  25°  15' 
N. ;  Ion.  67°  19'  E. 

Joa,  a  large  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Salt  Range,  110 
miles  N.W,  of  Lahore. 

Joachim,  jo'a-kim,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 
Pop. 1865. 

Joachim  sthal,  yo'&-KimsH&l,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Elbogen.  Pop."  5328.  It  has  mines  of 
silver,  iron,  and  tin,  paint-works,  paper-mills,  Ac. 

Joachimsthal,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Berlin.    Pop.  2071. 

Joag,  jo-3,g',  a  walled  town  of  Senegambia.  Lat.  14° 
30'  N.;  Ion.  10°  50'  W.     Pop.  2000. 

Jo  am,  S&o,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Sao  Joao. 

Joana,  Java.    See  Jawana. 

Joanko,  jo-An'ko,  a  lake  of  Siberia,  within  the  Arctic 
Circle,  in  lat.  175°  E.,  in  the  territory  of  the  Chookchees. 
It  is  24  miles  long  by  12  miles  broad,  and  discharges  itself 
through  the  Anadeer,  which  issues  from  its  W.  extremity. 

Jo^an'na  Furnace,  a  post-office  and  iron-furnace  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  19 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Reading. 

Joannes,  a  large  island  of  Brazil.    See  Marajo. 

Joannina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Yanina. 

Joazeiras,  zho-&-z4'ris,  a  small  town  of  the  republic 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  on  the  Sao  Francisco,  65  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jacobina. 

Job,  or  Jobe,  j5b,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo., 
about  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Poplar  Bluff.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  of  Job  township,  848. 

Jobe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,W.  Va.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Burton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Jobes,  jobz,  a  post-office  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa. 

Jobie,  jo'bee,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  ad- 
jacent to  Papua,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  great  bay.  Lat.  1  ° 
35'  S. ;  Ion.  between  135°  30'  and  137°  30'  E.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  100  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  25  miles.  The 
Strait  of  Jobie  separates  it  on  the  N.  from  Schouten  Island. 
It  is  scantily  peopled  by  a  race  of  savages. 

Jobla,  or  JDjobla,  job'l&,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen, 
on  a  river,  103  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sana. 

Job's  (j5bz)  Cab'in,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  606. 

Job's  Cove,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Bay 
de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception 
Bay,  25  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  290. 

Jobstown,  jobz'town,  a  post- village  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Kinkora  Branch  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Borden- 
town.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Jobtown,  job'town,  a  village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
349.     It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Logansport. 

Jocjocarta,  Java.    See  Djokjokarta. 

Jockmock,  yok'mok,  a  town  of  North  Sweden,  l8en 
and  95  miles  N.W.  of  Pite4.     Pop.  1450. 

Jodar,  or  Xodar,  Ho-daR',  a  town  of  Spain,  26  miles 
E.  of  Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  4798. 

Jo  Daviess,  da'viss,  the  most  northwestern  county  of 
Illinois,  borders  on  Wisconsin.  Area,  about  663  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Apple  and  Fevre  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oat«,  wheat,  hay,  cattle, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  lime- 
stone underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mine* 


JOD 


1512 


JOH 


of  lead.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central,  Chicago 
&  Northwestern,  and  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Northern 
Railroads.  Capital,  Galena.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,820  j  in 
1880,  27,628;  in  1890,26,101. 

Jo  Daviess,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.    F.  316. 

Jodhpur,  India.    See  Joodpoor. 

Jodoigne,  zho'dwan',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  6  miles  S.S.W,  of  Tirlemont.  It  has  oil-mills. 
Pop.  3400.  ,  .    ^ 

Jog'gius  (or  Joggin)  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  River  Herbert.  It 
has  extensive  beds  of  coal.     Pop.  250. 

Johan'na,  called  also  Anjouan,4n'zhoo-in',  or  An- 
zooan  (Anzuan),  4n'zoo-4n',  and  Hinzuan,  hin^zoo- 
in',  the  central  and  most  frequented  though  not  largest  of 
the  Comoro  Islands,  in  Mozambique  Channel.  It  is  26  miles 
in  length  by  18  miles  in  breadth,  and  has  a  central  peak 
3800  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  12°  13'  S.,  Ion.  44°  29'  E. 
Pop.  12,000.  It  is  well  wooded,  well  watered,  fertile,  and 
picturesque.  On  the  N.  side  is  the  walled  town  of  Johanna, 
or  Moosamondoo,  the  seat  of  the  sultan  of  the  island  and 
of  a  good  trade. 

Johan'nesbnrg,  a  gold-mining  town  of  the  South 
African  Republic  (Transvaal),  is  situated  6000  feet  above 
sea  level,  in  the  centre  of  the  Transvaal  gold-fields,  298 
miles  N.E.  of  Kimberley,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Pretoria, 
the  capital  of  the  republic.  Johannesburg  was  founded  by 
the  Boers  about  1886,  and  now  contains  post-  and  telegraph- 
oflBces,  fine  banks,  churches,  hotels,  club-houses,  Ac,  and  a 
magnificent  stock-exchange.  Much  gold  is  mined  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  in  1893,  40,215. 

Johann-Ge.orgenstadt,yo-h&nn'-g4-oR'ghdn-8t&ttS 
a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Schwarzwasser,  29  miles  S.W.  of 
Chemnitz.  Pop.  4083,  mostly  employed  in  iron-mines  and 
in  manufactures  of  tobacco,  sulphur,  and  linen  thread. 

Johannisberg,  jo-han'nis-b§rg  (Ger.  pron.  yo-hin'nis- 
bSRG^),  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  a  hill  near 
the  Rhine,  13  miles  W.  of  Mentz,  famous  for  its  vineyard 
yielding  the  finest  hock  wine.     Pop.  1049. 

Johannisburg,  yo-h&n'nis-b55RO\  a  town  of  East 
Prussia,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  2772. 

Johan'iiisburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oc,  SI., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Nashville. 

John  Day,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Columbia  River,  at  the  mouth  of  John  Day's  River,  29 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Dalles. 

John  Day's  River,  Oregon,  rises  among  the  Blue 
Mountains,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  runs  between 
Sherman  and  Gilliam  cos.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River 
29  miles  above  Dalles.     Estimated  length,  260  miles. 

John  Gray's  River  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyoming, 
runs  northwestward  into  Idaho,  and  enters  the  Snake  River 
in  Oneida  co.  It  traverses  a  mountainous  country  in  which 
gold  is  found.     It  is  probably  120  miles  long. 

John  O'Groat's  (o-grawts)  House,  Scotland,  co.  of 
Caithness,  IJ  miles  W.  of  Dunoansby  Head,  is  the  name 
of  a  site  once  occupied  by  a  cottage,  and  is  nearly  the  most 
N.  point  of  Great  Britain. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  or  J.  Q.  Adams,  a  town- 
ship of  AVarren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  809. 

John  River,  a  small  stream  of  Coos  oo.,  N.H.,  falls 
into  the  Connecticut  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state. 

Johns,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  916. 

Johnsburg,  jSnz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co., 
m.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Elgin.  It  is  3  miles  from  MoHenry 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnsburg,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Johnsburg  township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Hudson  River),  about  50  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  the  village  of  North 
Creek,  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2580. 

Johnsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

John's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 

Johnsdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Jansdobf. 

John's  Ha'ven,  a  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Kincardine,  on  the  North  Sea,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Bervie.     Pop.  1077. 

•  "''?**"'*'  island,  one  of  the  sea-island  chain  or  group, 
in  Charleston  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  2016.  John's  Island  Station 
IS  on  the  Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of 
Charleston. 

John'son,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Arkansas  River,  here  navigable  by  steamboats,  and 
Is  drained  by  Spadra  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  IS  partly  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 


are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  in  this  county. 
Among  its  forest-trees  are  the  yellow  pine,  white  oak, 
chestnut,  and  black  walnut.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  which  is  operated  by  the 
Missouri  Pacific  system.  Capital,  Clarksville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9152;  in  1880,  11,565;  in  1890,  16,758. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Georgia. 
Area,  266  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Great 
Ohoopee  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Oconee 
River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  maize, 
Ac.  Capital,  Wrightsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  2964;  in  1880, 
4800;  in  1890,  6129. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois.  Area, 
about  340  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Cache  River  and 
Big  Bay  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and 
broken  with  steep  hills  and  ridges.  Much  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  white  oak,  hickory,  blaek  walnut,  elm,  sugar- 
maple,  tulip-tree,  cypress,  Ac.  'The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  abundance  of  carboniferous  limestone,  a  good 
material  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  and  St.  Louis,  Alton  A 
Terre  Haute  Railroads.  Capital,  Vienna.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,248;  in  1880,  13,078;  in  1890,  15,013. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  320  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  East 
Fork  and  West  Fork  of  White  River,  which  respectively 
traverse  the  southeastern  and  northwestern  parts  of  the 
county ;  also  by  Sugar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  a  very 
fertile  loam.  Indian  com,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  v^ith  Franklin,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,366;  in  1880,  19,637;  in  1890,  19,561. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  about  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Cedar  River,  which 
touches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  flax, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
deposits  of  Devonian  limestone,  a  good  material  for  build- 
ing. It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroad.  There  is  a  junction  of  these  two  rail- 
roads at  Iowa  City,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870,  24,898 ;  in 
1880,  25,429;  in  1890,  23,082. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Kansas  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Big  Blue  River  and  small  afSuents  of  the  Osage. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
walnut,  and  sycamore  are  found.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  Limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott 
A  Memphis,  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6,  and  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Olathe.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,684; 
in  1880,  16,853;  in  1890,  17,385. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,^as  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
West  Fork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  which  flows  in  a  S.W. 
direction  through  the  E.  portion.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mostly  covered  with  -/orests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  beds  of  coal.  Capital,  Paintsyille.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7494;  in  1880,9155;  in  1890,  11,027. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  drained  in  the 
central  and  N.E.  portion  by  Black  River,  and  in  the  S.W. 
part  by  Big  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is  prairie.  Among 
its  minerals  are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  communicates  with  Warrensburg,  the  capital,  and 
is  partly  traversed  by  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,648 ;  in  1880, 
28,172;  in  1890,  28,132. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Big  Nemaha  River,  sometimes  called  the  North  Branch  of 


J 


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1513 


JOH 


the  Nemaha,  which  runs  in  a  S.E.  direction,  and  it  is  partly 
drained  by  afBuents  of  the  Little  Nemaha.  The  surfaoe  is 
undulating ;  a  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  deep 
and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  thin  beds  of  limestone 
and  coal.  14;  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Tecumseh,  the 
capital.    Pop.  in  1870,  3429 ;  in  1880,  7596 ;  in  1890, 10,333. 

JohnsoU)  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Tennessee, 
borders  on  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  Area,  340  square 
miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Watauga  River.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  especially  along  the  N.W.  and  S.E. 
borders,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
chestnut,  ash,  oak,  and  other  varieties  of  trees  abound. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass, 
ka.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Mountain 
€ity.     Pop.  in  1870,  5852;  in  1880,  7766;  in  1890,  8858. 

Johnsoily  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  The  Brazos  River 
touches  the  S.W.  comer.  The  face  of  this  county  is  covered 
with  forest  trees  in  great  variety,  including  the  live-oak, 
maple,  sycamore,  magnolia,  walnut,  palmetto,  and  many 
others.  Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staples.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6  and  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroads.  Capital,  Cleburne.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4923;  in  1880,  17,911;  in  1890,  22,313. 

Johnson^  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Wyoming, 
has  an  area  of  4000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Powder  River  and  other  streams.  The  W.  portion  is  very 
mountainous.  Like  other  parts  of  Wyoming,  this  county 
is  rich  in  mineral  resources,  and  its  mountainous  portions 
are  interspersed  with  fertile  valleys  and  grazing-lands. 
Capital,  Buffalo.     Pop.  in  1880,  637 ;  in  1890,  2357. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Cliristian  oo.,  HI.    Pop.  640. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  111.     Pop.  823. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  685. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1666. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  652. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2616. 
It  contains  Haubstadt. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1543. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.    P.  1322. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  La  Porte  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  170. 

Johnson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  <fc  Fort 
Wayne  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2409.  It 
«ontains  Versailles. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1454.  It 
contains  New  Frankfort  and  Wooster. 

Johnson,  a  post-office  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Johnson,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  15  miles 
E.  of  Anamosa. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  410. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  435. 

Johnson,  a  station  in  St.  James  parish,  La.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Donaldsonville, 
and  38  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1257. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.     Pop.  898. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2409. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1219. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.     P.  717. 

Johnson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  oo.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
from  Tecumseh.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop.  2297. 
It  contains  St.  Paris. 

Johnson,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Johnstown. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  P.  1218. 

Johnson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  2  miles 
from  the  S.  boundary  of  Utah.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnson,  a  post-village  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  in  John- 
son township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Hyde  Park,  and 
about  28  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
woollen-factory,  severtd  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  state 
normal  school.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1558.  Here  is  a 
natural  bridge  over  the  Lamoille  River. 

John'sonburg,  a  post- village  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  about 
25  miles  W.N<W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
manufactory  of  gloves.     Pop.  about  150. 

Johnson  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo., 
about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Clinton. 

Johnson  City,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
At  the  junction  of  several  railroad  lines,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
96 


Bristol.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices, 
foundries  and  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
sash,  blinds,  furniture,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  4161. 

Johnson  City,  a  post-town  of  Texas,  the  capital  of 
Blanco  co.,  is  situated  on  a  branch  of  the  Colorado  River, 
about  45  miles  W.  of  Austin. 

Johnson  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co., 
Ky.,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Maysville. 

Johnson's,  a  post-haml^t  of  Orange  co.,  N.T.,  8  milet 
by  rail  S.  of  Middletown.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  appa- 
ratus for  pitching  hay. 

Johnson's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  oo.,  0.,  on  th# 
Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Dayton. 

Johnson's,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Warren. 

Johnson's  Bayou,  bl'oo,  a  post-village  of  Cameron 
parish,  La.,  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  30  miles  S.  of  Orange, 
Tex.     It  has  2  churches. 

John'sonsbnrg,  a  post- village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  is  10  miles  S.  of  At- 
tica.    It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Johnson's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co., 
0.,  in  Norton  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Johnson's  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Niagara  oo., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario  in  Orleans  co. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  HI. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.T., 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Buffalo.     It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  barrels. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Aztalan  and  Farmington  townships,  on  the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Watortown, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  Rock  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Johnson's  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co., 
Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Anderson. 

Johnson's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  E.  of  Lowell.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Johnson's  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Magoffin  co.,  Ky.,  34 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Frenchburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnson's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Story  co.,  Iowa. 

Johnson's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crockett  oo., 
Tenn.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bell's  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Johnson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Swift  Creek,  N.E.  of  Kinston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Johnson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 

Johnson's  Mills,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Webber's. 

Johnson's  Mills,  or  Lake^view',  a  post-village  in 
Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  19  miles  N.  of  Park  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Johnson's  Spring,Virginia.  See  Botetourt  Springs. 

Johnson's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co., 
Va.,   about  25  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Johnson's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co., 
Tex.,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

John'sontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
Va.,  about  100  miles  E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

John'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  HI.,  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Vandalia.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  at 
Sumner  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
Danville,  111. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas, 
about  90  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Johnsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  oo.,  Ey.,  24  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Bardstown. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-village  of  Sunflower  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Sunflower  River,  77  miles  W.  of  Winona.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Johnsonville,  a  post- village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Pittstown  township,  on  the  Hoosic  River,  and  on  the  Troy 
&  Boston  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Greenwich  St 
Johnsonville  Railroad,  16i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Troy.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  edge-tools. 

Johnsonville,  atownship  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.     P.  483. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hEunlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  about 
66  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Johnsonville,  apost- village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland,  and  about  17  miles  N.  of  Easton. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  pottery,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C, 
about  30  miles  B.N.E.  of  Kingstree.     It  has  a  church. 


JOH 


1514 


JOL 


Johnsonville,  a  post-village  of  Humphreys  co,,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  78  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Sheboygan  River. 

John's  River,  of  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Burke  co.,  and,  flowing  S.,  falls  into  the  Catawba. 

Johnston,  jSnz'tgn,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ren- 
frew, at  a  railway  junction,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paisley.  It 
has  cotton-mills,  brass-  and  iron-foundries,  and  machine- 
factories.  It  communicates  with  Glasgow  by  a  canal  and 
railway.    Near  it  are  thriving  collieries.     Pop.  7536. 

Johnston,  jSnz't^n,  a  county  of  North  Carolina.  Area, 
680  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Neuse  and  Little 
Rivers,  and  by  Swift  and  Middle  Creeks.  The  surface, 
oneven  or  hilly,  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
is  abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Rich- 
mond A  Danville  and  Wilmington  &  Wei  don  Railroads. 
Capital,  Smithfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,897;  in  1880,  2.3,461 ; 
in  1890,  27,239. 

Johnston,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.    Pop.  893. 

Johnston  (or  Cornwallis)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  16°  53'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  169°  31'  30"  W. 
They  form  a  lagoon,  surrounded  by  a  reef,  stretching  N.E. 
and  S.W.  10  miles,  and  5  miles  broad. 

Johnston  Isles,  a  rocky  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.W.  of  the  Sandwich  Islands. 

Johnston's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Edgefield  oo., 
S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  52 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary 
or  high  school,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Johnston's  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  10  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown.  P.  200. 

Johnston's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  70  miles 
S.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  70. 

Johnston  Station,  a  post-office  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Johnston  Strait,  British  Columbia,  separates  Van- 
couver Island  from  the  mainland  on  its  N.  side. 

Johns'tonville,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex. 

Johns'tOAvn,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  2  miles 
N.E,  of  Naas. 

Johnstown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Kilkenny,  IJ 
miles  N.E,  of  Urlingford,     Pop.  528. 

Johns'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  111.,  2 
miles  from  Pageville  Station,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill, 

Johnstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co,,  Ind,,  4  miles 
N,W,  of  Worthington.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Johnstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  about 
33  miles  W.  of  Cumberland. 

Johnstown,  a  post-office  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Johnstown  township,  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hastings.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1139. 

Johnstown,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  about  58 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Johnstown,  a  village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Liv- 
ingston township,  9i  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Livingston  Post-Office. 

Johnstown,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Johnstown  township,  on  Cayadutta  Creek,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Fonda,  and  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
8  churches,  a  union  school,  2  banks,  gas-works,  3  newspaper 
offices,  2  grist-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  gloves  and  mittens  which  give  employment  to 
many  skilled  operatives.   Pop.  in  1880,  5013 ;  in  1890,  7768. 

Johnstown,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  drug-store,  Ac.     Pop.  424. 

Johnstown,  a  city  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cone- 
maugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
W.  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  39  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Altoona,  and  78  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg.  A  branch  of 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  leads  from  Rockwood  to 
this  city.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain- 
scenery,  and  contains,  besides  other  iron  industries,  the  ex- 
tensive works  of  the  Cambria  Iron  Company,  which  give 
employment  to  about  8700  men  in  the  manufacture  of  steel 
rails  and  a  great  variety  of  other  steel  products.  Johnstown 
has  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  printing-offices  which 
issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  16  churches,  elec- 
tric-light plant,  electric  railway,  several  tanneries,  flour- 
mills,  planing-mills,  and  woollen-mills,  also  a  convent  and 
an  academy.     Pop.  in  1880,  8380  j  in  1890,  21,806. 


Johnstown,  a  hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Mifflintown.  It  has  a  foundry.  Pop.  about  100.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Walnut. 

Johnstown,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  2^  mile* 
from  Tower  City.     Pop.  70. 

Johnstown,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Johnstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Johns- 
town township,  about  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1191. 

Johns'town,  a  village  in  Grenville  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  from  Prescott.  It  has  a  saw-  and 
grist-mill,  a  carding-  and  fulling-mill,  and  a  shingle-factory. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Johnstown  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co..  Wis., 
about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  flour-miU  and  2 
general  stores. 

Johns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co..  Ark.,  on 
Saline  River,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnsville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  an  umber-mine,  2 
churches,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Johnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven. 
It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Johnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
East  Fishkill  township,  about  11  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New- 
burg.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnsville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  about 
14  miles  W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Johnsville,  a  village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
159.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Shauck's. 

Johnsville,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
east Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Johntown,  Ontario.    See  Chatsworth. 

John'ville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Compton.  It  contains  a  store,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Johore,  or  Djohor,  jo'h5r',  a  state  occupying  the  S. 
part  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  and  one  of  the  most  prosper- 
ous in  the  East.  It  is  traversed  by  a  railway,  and  exports 
much  fine  timber.  The  town  of  Johore,  on  the  river  of  the 
same  name,  is  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Point  Romania.  It  is 
governed  by  a  sultan  with  the  title  of  Maharajah. 

Johstadt,  yS'st&tt,  or  Josephstadt,  yo'sif-st&tt',  a 
town  of  Saxony,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  2176. 

Joigny,  zhwin^yee'  (anc.  Joviniacum  f)  a  town  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Yonne,  here  crossed  by  a  good 
stone  bridge,  and  on  the  Paris  <fc  Lyons  Railway,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Auxerre.  Pop.  5975.  It  is  enclosed  by  an  old 
wall,  and  has  narrow,  crooked,  and  steep  streets,  a  hand- 
some castle,  a  cathedral,  2  mediaeval  churches,  2  hospitals,, 
a  communal  college,  barracks,  manufactures  of  brandy, 
woollen  cloth,  wine,  arms,  and  leather,  and  an  active  trade. 

Joinville,  zhwiN»Veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Marne,  on  the  Marne,  27  miles  N.  of  Chaumont.  Pop, 
3723.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  castle-crowned  height^ 
and  has  a  communal  college. 

Joinville  (join'vil)  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  (Dangerous 
Archipelago),  are  in  lat.  15°  48'  S.,  Ion.  139°  40'  W. 

Joinville>le-Pont,  zhwiN"'veer-l9h-p6H»,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine,  6  miles  E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2901. 

Joljjokerta,  Java,    See  Djokjokarta. 

Joktheel,  a  Scriptural  name  of  Petra. 

Joliba,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Niger. 

Joliet,  jo'le-et,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Will  co..  III.,  in 
Joliet  township,  on  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Illi- 
nois &,  Michigan  Canal,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is 
situated  on  several  important  railways,  whose  main  lines 
or  branches  converge  at  this  place,  including  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &.  Santa  F6,  the  Chicago  A  Alton,  the  Chicago, 
Rook  Island  A  Pacific,  the  Elgin,  Joliet  A  Eastern,  and 
the  Michigan  Central.  It  contains  many  handsome  stone 
buildings,  12  churches,  3  chapels,  a  Catholic  academy,  2 
high  schools,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  a  convent, 
and  a  state  prison.  The  last  is  a  magnificent  structure, 
built  of  fine  gray  limestone  quarried  in  the  vicinity.  Five 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Joliet  has  extensive  flour- 
mills,  machine-shops,  3  breweries,  lime-kilns,  brick-yards, 
a  foundry,  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes  which  employ 
450  men,  cigar-factories  (135  men),  Bessemer  steel-works 
and  rolling-mills  (2000  men),  carriage-shops,  marble-works, 
and  manufactures  of  builders'  hardware  (100  men),  cooper- 
age (180  men),  farming-implements,  stoves,  sash,  doors,  and 
blinds,  5  extensive  barbed-wire  mills  (2000  hands),  and  a 
sheet-rolling-mill.  The  river  affords  water-power  at  this 
place.     Here  are  large  quarries  of  excellent  Silurian  lime- 


I 


JOL 


1515 


JON 


stone,  called  Joliet  limestone,  of  which  several  fine  public 
buildings  of  Chicago  have  been  constructed.  About  1200 
men  are  employed  in  these  quarries.  Pop.  in  1890,  23,264; 
of  the  township,  excluding  the  city,  4174. 

Joliet,  or  Joliettf  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  200.  Here  is  Joliettville 
Post-Office. 

Joliet  Crossing;  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &,  Indiana  Central  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Joliet  Branch  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago,  HI. 

Joliett,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Pottsville. 

Joliette,  zhoMee-5tt',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Que- 
bec, bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  has  an  area  of  2670 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  river  L'Assomption  and 
several  smaller  streams.  A  railway  of  12  miles  connects 
its  chief  town,  Joliette,  with  the  St.  Lawrence.  Pop.  23,075. 

Joliette,  or  Industry  Village,  a  town  in  Joliette 
00.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomption,  19  miles  N.  of 
L'Assomption,  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Industry  Rail- 
way, 12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lanoraie.  It  contains  large  grist-, 
saw-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills,  an  extensive  foundry,  a 
tannery,  a  number  of  stores,  a  college,  convent,  hospital, 
and  mechanics'  institute,  and  large  quarries  of  limestone. 
It  is  the  business  centre  of  30  parishes,  and  has  a  market 
every  Saturday.  An  extensive  trade  is  done  in  grain  and 
country  produce  and  in  timber.  A  French  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  in  Joliette.    Pop.  3047. 

Joliettville,  or  Jolliettville,  Ind.    See  Joliet. 

Jolly,  Monroe  co.,  0.    See  Brownsville. 

Jol'lytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  aboat  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Jolon,  Ho-lon',  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  38 
miles  S.  of  Soledad. 

Jolsva,yolsh'v5h\Alnovia,6rno've-6h\orEltscli, 
Sltch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  46  miles  W.  of  Kaschau.    P.  3076. 

Jomalic,  Ho-m&-leek',  and  Jomonjol,  HO-mon-H5l', 
two  islets  of  the  Philippines,  E.  of  Luzon. 

Jo'nas,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  in  lat.  56°  25' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  143°  16'  B.,  about  2  miles  in  circumference, 
and  1200  feet  high.  A  crowd  of  detached  rocks  lie  off  its 
"W.  side,  on  which  the  waves  beat  with  great  violence. 

Jo'nas  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.O. 

Jon'athan  Creek,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co..  111. 
Pop.  1001. 

Jonathan's  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Licking  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Muskingum  River  in  Muskingum 
CO.,  about  3  miles  below  Zanesville. 

Jonathan's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co., 
N.C.,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Asneville.  Pop.  of  Jonathan's 
Creek  township,  987. 

Jones,  j5nz,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  386  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Cedar 
and  Commissioner's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  various  trees.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  iron  ore.  The 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and  the  Macon  &  Northern 
Railroad  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9436;  in  1880,  11,613;  in  1890,  12,709. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maquoketa  and 
Wapsipinicon  Rivers,  the  former  draining  the  N.E.  and  the 
latter  the  W.  and  S.  parts.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  This  county  has  a  large  portion  of 
prairie,  and  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Anamosa,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,731 ;  in  1880,  21,052;  in  1890,  20,233. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an 
area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Leaf 
and  Bogue  Homo  Rivers,  and  by  Tallahoma  and  Talla- 
hala  Creeks.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  rather  poor.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ellisville,  on 
the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route.  Pop.  in  1870,  3313;  in  1880, 
3828 ;  in  1890,  8333. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Trent  River.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 


sively occupied  by  marshes  and  forests  of  pine  and  cypress. 
The  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  produces  cotton  and  Indian 
com.  The  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad  passes 
along  the  N.  border  of  this  county.  Capital,  Trenton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5002;  in  1880,  7491  ;  in  1890,  7403. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork 
of  Brazos  River.  Capital,  Anson,  situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  546;  in  1890,  3797. 

Jones,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selms  t 
Gulf  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Jones,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  880. 

Jones,  a  station  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michi 
gan  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis,  Mich. 

Jones,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts 
burg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Jones,  a  township  of  Elk  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1091. 

Jones  Blnfi*,  Alabama.    See  Epes  Station. 

Jonesborough,  jdnz'b&r-riih,  a  post- village  of  Jelter 
son  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  several  churches  and 
stores,  and  30  families.     Coal  and  iron  are  shipped  here. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Craighead 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  155. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clayton  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  20  miles  S.  of  At- 
lanta. It  has  a  court-house,  3  white  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  the  Clayton  Institute,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Much  cotton  is  shipped 
here.     Pop.  in  1880, 1048;  in  1890,  803. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.. 
111.,  in  Jonesborough  township,  on  the  Cairo  <k  St.  Louin 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad.  Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  exported 
from  this  place.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  Near  it  there  is  a  state  asylum  for  the  insane.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Mill  township,  on  Mississinewa  River,  and  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Wabash  &  Michigan  and  Columbus,  Chicago  k  Indiana 
Central  Railroads,  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport,  and  6 
miles  S.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  chair-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  667. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Machias. 
Pop.  522. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-office  of  Tippah  co..  Miss. 

Jonesborough,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  from  Boonville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  60. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-village  in  Jonesborough  town- 
ship, Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  railroad  between  Raleigh  and 
Sanford,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  The  township 
has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  tobacco. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Tenn.,  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  98  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  contains  5  or  6  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  normal  academy,  a  female  institute,  a  foun- 
dry, a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  937. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Leon  River,  50  miles  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church,  a  floor- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  300. 

Jonesborongh,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Nottoway  River,  about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Jonesbnrg,  jonz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  oo., 
Kansas,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan. 

Jonesbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  68  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  chairs,  and  ploughs.     Pop.  about  400. 

Jones'  (jSnz'iz)  Chap'el,  a  post-office  of  Cullman  c«., 
Ala. 

Jones'  Cor'ners,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  abo&* 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield. 

Jones'  Cove,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  an  academy. 

Jones'  Creek,  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  Sipsej 
River. 

Jones'  Creek,  of  Delaware,  runs  southeastward  in 
Kent  CO.,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay.  Dover,  the  capital  of 
the  state,  is  on  this  creek. 

Jones'  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  Tadkin 
River  at  the  E.  border  of  Anson  oo. 

Jones'  Creek,  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
flows  into  Harpeth  River  in  Dickson  co. 


JON 


1516 


JOP 


Jones*  Creek,  apost-oflSce  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Jones'  (jSnz'iz)  Cfross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Talla- 
poosa CO.,  Ala.  »  ™.    , .     1 

Jones'  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co,, 
Md.,  1  mile  from  Breathedsville  Railroad  Station,  It  has 
a  church  and  a  coach-factory. 

Jones'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga. 

Jones'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa,, 
about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Jones  Mills,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn, 

Jone'so,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Jonesport,  jonz'port,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  in  Jonesport  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Maohias,  and  about  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bangor. 
It  haa  a  church.  It  is  partly  supported  by  ship-building. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1563 ;  in  1890,  1917. 

Jones'  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milam  oo., 
Tex.,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Calvert.     It  has  a  church. 

Jones'  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
8  miles  S.W.  of  North  Mountain  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Jones'  Station,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co,,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Madison. 

Jones'  Station,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Jones'  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  a  church. 

Jones  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Autauga  oo.,  Ala. 

Jonestown,jonz't5wn,  a  post-office  ofAllen  00.,  Kansas. 

Jonestown,  a  post-village  of  Coahoma  oo.,  Miss.,  15 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Helena,  Ark.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores. 

Jones  Town,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  oo..  Pa.,  in  Fish- 
ing Creek  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  20  houses.  Here  is  Fishing 
Creek  Post-Office. 

Jonestown,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Swatara  township,  on  or  near  Swatara  Creek,  and  on  the 
Lebanon  &  Tremont  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.  It 
haa  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  bank,  and  a 
school  called  Heilman  Hall.     Pop.  643. 

Jonestown,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn. 

Jones'  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co..  Tenn., 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Jonesville,  jonz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Alachua  oo.,  Fla. 

Jonesville,  a  village  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Qa..,  on  the  South 
Newport  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Walthourville.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  99. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  India- 
napolis Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  206. 

Jonesville,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Fayette  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Jackson,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Hillsdale.  It  is  also  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Lansing  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  and  is  60  miles  S.  of  Lansing.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  large  union  school,  a  public  hall,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  cotton-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  foundry,  and  3  carriage-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1288. 

Jonesville,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co,,  N,Y.,  in 
Clifton  Park  township,  2^  miles  from  Round  Lake  Station, 
and  22  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  about  50  houses.     Pop.  about  180. 

Jonesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  38  miles 
N.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
A  bridge  over  the  Yadkin  River  connects  it  with  Elkin. 

Jonesville,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C.,  in  Jones- 
ville township,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  about 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Unionville.  The  township  has  3 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1809. 

Jonesville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Marshall  and  Shreveport,  16  miles  E.  of 
Marshall. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  an  academy,  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  spools 
and  button-moulds. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee  oo.,  Va.,  near 
Powell's  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Rogersville,  Tenn.,  and  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  It  has  a  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 


Jones'  Wharf,  a  post-village  of  Surry  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Petersburg.  It  ha«  a 
church,  a  sliip-j-ard,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc. 

Jdnkoping,  or  Joulg oping,  yon'cho-ping  (almost 
yon'chSp-ing),  a  Isen  of  South  Sweden.  Area,  4292  square 
miles.  Pop.  193,113.  The  principal  towns  are  JSnkoping, 
Grenna,  and  EksjS. 

Jdnkoping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  lasn  of 
the  same  name,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Wetter,  and 
on  a  railway,  80  miles  E.  of  Gothenburg.  Pop.  19,344.  It 
has  an  arsenal,  and  is  separated  from  its  suburbs  by  a 
trench.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics, 
matches,  and  leather.  It  has  mineral  springs,  and  is  con- 
nected by  steamboat  and  rail  with  Stockholm. 

Jonqni^res,  zhdH»^ke-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vaucluse,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Ouvdze,  15  milea 
N.N.B.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  965. 

Jonqni^res,  zh6N>^ke-aiR',  a  post- village  in  Chicoutimi 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  Saguenay  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Chicoutimi. 
It  contains  2  saw-  and  2  grist-mills,  and  has  a  large  lumber- 
trade.     Pop.  200. 

Jonsweil,  yons'iKle,  or  Jonschweil,  yonsh'MIe,  a 
village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  about  20 
miles  from  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1201. 

Jonzac,  zh6N»^zik',  a  town  of  France,  Charente-Inf6ri- 
eure,  on  the  Seugne,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salutes.     Pop.  2446. 

Joobnl,  or  Jubal,  joo^b&l',  a  native  hill-state  of  In- 
dia, about  lat.  30°  48'-31°  6'  N.,  Ion.  77°  32'-77°  54'  E., 
having  on  the  E.  the  Dehra  Doon  district.  Area,  288  square 
miles.  Pop.  17,262.  The  people  are  a  handsome  race,  living 
in  a  very  mountainous  region. 

Joobnl-Kharib,  joo'bul-K&'rib,  a  bay  of  East  Africa, 
in  the  Danakil  country,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Tajoorah, 
lat.  11*  29'  N.,  Ion.  42°  54'  E.,  about  85  miles  W.S.W.  of 
the  Straits  of  Bab-el- Mandeb. 

Joodhan,  jood^hfin',  a  strong  military  fort  of  British 
India,  62  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bombay. 

Jood^poor',orMar'war,  called  also  Jodhpnr,jod'- 
poor',  and  Jondpore,  a  native  state  of  India,  the  largest 
of  the  Rajpoot  principalities.  Lat.  24°  36'-27°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  4'-75''  23'  E.  Length,  320  miles  ;  breadth,  160  miles  ; 
area,  35,672  square  miles.  It  is  in  two  distinct  parts,  mostly 
surrounded  by  other  native  states.  Much  of  the  soil  is  fertile, 
but  there  are  large  jungles,  with  many  wild  beasts.  Many 
of  the  people  are  Jains,  and  nearly  all  have  great  aptitude 
for  commerce.     Capital,  Joodpoor.     Pop.  (1891)  2,621,727. 

Joodpoor,  or  Jondponr,  the  capital  of  the  above 
state,  is  100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ajmeer.  The  principal  edi- 
fice is  a  large  and  magnificent  citadel.     Pop.  (1891)  61,849. 

Joo'dy,  or  Ju'di,  a  mountain  in  Turldsh  Eoordistan, 
is  between  the  Tigris  and  its  tributary  the  Khaboor,  im- 
mediately E.  of  Jezeereh-Ibn-Omar.  By  the  Mohamme- 
dans, it,  and  not  the  Armenian  Ararat,  is  believed  to  be  the 
mountain  on  which  the  ark  rested  after  the  Deluge. 

Joolamerk,  or  Jnlamerk,  joo-l&-mirk',  written  also 
Ginlamerk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  95  miles  S.  of 
Van,  near  the  Greater  Zab.  It  stands  in  a  ravine  enclosed 
by  rocky  mountains,  and  consists  of  about  200  mud  huts 
around  a  massive  citadel. 

Joonaghur,  or  Junaghur,  joo^na-giir',  a  native  state 
of  India,  in  the  Kattywar  peninsula,  and  in  the  Soruth 
division,  tributary  to  the  British  and  to  Baroda.  Area,  3800 
square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  native  nawab.  Capital, 
Joonaghur.     Pop.  380,921. 

Joonaghur,  a  walled  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
Joonaghur  state,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Diu.  Pop.  about 
25,000. 

Joo^neer',  written  also  Jnner  and  Dschuner,  a 
town  of  India,  district  and  26  miles  N.  of  Poonah.  Pop. 
10,901. 

Joorhath,  joor^h&t'h',  or  Jorhant,  jSr^hawt',  a  town 
of  British  India,  province  and  formerly  capital  of  Assam, 
on  th^  Dikho,  an  affluent  of  the  Brahmapootra.  Lat.  26° 
48'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  6'  E. 

Jop'lin,  an  enterprising  city  of  Jasper  oo..  Mo.,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railroad  lines,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Car- 
thage. It  contains  9  churches,  4  banks,  4  newspaper  offices, 
boiler-works,  foundries  and  machine-shops,  a  soap-factory, 
an  electric  street-railway,  electric-  and  gas-lighting  sys- 
tems, and  many  handsome  and  substantial  business  houses. 
It  is  the  commercial  centre  of  the  Southwest  Missouri  lead- 
and  zinc-mining  region.    Pop.  in  1880, 7038 ;  in  1890,  9731. 

Joplin  Crossing,  Missouri.    See  Carl  Juhctiom. 

Joppa,  the  ancient  name  of  Jaffa. 

Jop'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala,,  about  IS 
miles  N.E.  from  Cullman,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Joppa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  15  milee 


y—  —  •      1 


vc-fLv 


JOP 


1517 


JOS 


X, 


e^vr, 


N.W.  of  Bronson.    It  has  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Joppa*  a  post-hamlet  of  Massao  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  24  miles  above  Cairo.     It  has  20  houses  and  a  church. 

Jorairatar^  or  Jorayratar,  Ho-ri-rl-taR',  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1702. 

Jorak,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  Choruk. 

Jorat,  zhoV&'  or  zhoV&t',  or  Jurten^yooR't^n,  a  chain 
of  low  mountains  in  Switzerland,  forming  the  watershed 
between  the  Lakes  of  Neufch^tel  and  Geneva,  and  connect- 
ing the  Bernese  Alps  with  Mount  Jura. 

Jor'dan  (Arab.  Shereeah-el-Keheer  or  Sheriah-el-Kebir,. 
sh^-ree'i-fil-k^-beer',  "  the  great  watering-place"),  a  famous 
river  of  Palestine,  rises  in  Anti-Libanus,  and  by  two  sources 
on  the  E.  near  Paneas,  and  W.  near  Laish,  or  Dan,  flows 
S.  through  the  lakes  Bahr-el-Hooleh  (anc.  Me'rom)  and 
Tiberias,  or  Tabareeyah  (anc.  Genes'areth),  and  enters  the 
Dead  Sea  at  its  N.  extremity,  after  a  total  course  of  120 
miles.  Its  breadth  and  depth  vary  greatly ;  in  spring,  when 
highest,  it  has  been  found  at  Beisan,  140  feet  across,  wholly 
unfordable  and  very  rapid.  It  has  many  cataracts.  Its 
valley  is  about  5  miles  wide,  hemmed  in  by  precipices;  the 
soil  is  sandy  and  barren,  though  the  banks  of  the  river  are 
covered  by  a  dense  vegetation.  Its  principal  affluents  are 
the  Jabok  and  Shereeah-el-Mandoor  or  Yarmuk. 

Jor'dan,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co..  111.     Pop.  1196. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  327.  It 
is  traversed  by  Iroquois  River. 

Jordan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles  N.  of 
Union  City,  and  35  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  448. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Fop.  170. 

Jordan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  in  Jordan 
township,  12  miles  W.  of  Boyne  Falls.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  670. 

Jordan,  a  post- village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  in  Sand  Creek 
township,  near  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
a  bank,  6  churches,  2  large  flouring-mills,  and  a  pump- 
laotory.     Pop.  in  1880,  915;  in  1890,  1233. 

Jordan,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.    See  Jordan  Falls. 

Jordan,  a  post-village  in  Elbridge  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  the  outlet  of  Skaneateles  Lake, 
and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill,  2 
large  manufactories  of  wheelbarrows,  and  manufactures  of 
pumps,  threshing-machines,  and  carriages.   P.  (1890)  1271. 

Jordan,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.  Pop.  561. 
It  contains  Ansonville. 

Jordan,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  is  at  Pleasant 
Comer,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  473. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.     P.  924. 

Jordan,  a  station  in  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Bing- 
ham CaBon  &  Camp  Floyd  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
river  Jordan,  13  miles  E.  of  Bingham  Canon. 

Jordan,  a  post-office  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  in  Jordan  town- 
ship, 9  miles  from  Monroe,  and  about  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Madison.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1026. 

Jor'dan,  a  village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  1^  miles  from 
Jordan  Station.     Pop.  200. 

Jordan,  or  Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Hamilton.  It  contains  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  160. 

Jordan,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.    See  Mill  Bridge. 

Jordan  Alum  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  S.  of  Millborough  Depot. 

Jordan  Bay,  a  post-settlement  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  bay  at  the  mouth  of  Jordan  River.     Pop.  150. 

Jordan  Creek  rises  in  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho,  runs  south- 
westward  into  Oregon,  and  enters  the  Owyhee  River  about 
Ion.  117°  W.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this  creek, 
which  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Jordan  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Lehigh  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Lehigh 
River  at  Allentown. 

Jordan  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Oswegatchie  River,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castorland.  It  has 
a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jordan  Ferry,  a  settlement  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Jordan  Bay,  4  miles  from  Shelburne.     Pop.  200. 

Jordan  River,  Utah,  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  Utah 
Lake,  runs  northward  through  the  county  of  Salt  Lake, 


and  enters  the  Great  Salt  Lake.  The  direct  distance  from 
its  origin  to  its  mouth  is  nearly  40  miles.  Salt  Lake  City 
is  on  the  bank  of  this  river. 

Jordan's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W.Va. 

Jordan's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Ill,, 
3  miles  from  Marissa  Railroad  Station,  and  about  26  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jordan's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa. 

Jordan  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Jordan  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Jordan's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  33 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser. 

Jordan's  Saline,  Texas.    See  Grand  Saline. 

Jordan's  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Frederick  co., 
Ya.,  1^  miles  from  Stephenson's  Depot,  which  is  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Winchester.  Here  are  white  sulphur  springs,  with 
a  large  hotel. 

Jordan's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co., 
Tenn.,  about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville. 

Jordan's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  oo.,  Va. 

Jordan  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ey.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It 
is  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Tennessee.  It  has  a  church  and 
3  general  stores. 

Jordan's  Valley,  Tennessee.    See  Christiana. 

Jordan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Jordan  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Jor'danville,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  6  milea 
S.E.  of  Vincennes. 

Jordanville,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Warren  township,  aoout  22  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  haa 
2  churches. 

Jorhaut,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jookhath. 

Joijan,  a  town  of  Northeast  Persia.    See  GtoORGAUN- 

Jorquera,  or  Xorqnera,  HOR-k&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Albacete,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Chinchilla,  on  a  steep 
acclivity,  near  the  river  Jucar.     Pop.  1098. 

Jorak,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Chorue. 

Jornllo,  Xurailo,  or  Xornllo,  Ho-rool'yo  (often 
pronounced  Ho-roo'yo),  sometimes  written  Jnruyo,  a  vol- 
cano of  Mexico,  state  of  Michoacan,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Valladolid,  80  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  19°  10' 
N.,  Ion.  101°  1'  45"  W.,  and  which  has  presented  the  most 
remarkable  phenomenon  in  the  memory  of  man,  it  having 
been  wholly  thrown  up  from  a  fertile  plain,  having  an  ele- 
vation of  2890  feet,  to  the  height  of  4265  feet  above  the 
sea,  by  a  violent  eruption,  September  28  and  29,  1769. 
The  upheaved  tract  is  bounded,  at  a  distance  of  from  1^  to 
2  miles  from  the  chief  crater,  by  a  precipitous  wall,  especially 
abrupt  on  the  W.  side,  and  accessible  at  only  a  few  places. 
Since  its  great  eruption,  many  of  the  subordinate  cones  have 
disappeared,  others  have  changed  their  form.  The  tempe- 
rature of  the  soil  has  materially  declined,  and  the  volcano 
is  partially  covered  with  forest-trees;  but  eruptions  still 
occur  at  intervals. 

Josco,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.   See  losoo. 

Josephine,  jo-zf-feen',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Oregon,  has  an  area  of  about  1605  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Rogue  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Illi- 
nois River  and  Applegate  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  mountains  and  valleys  and  extensive  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Gold  is  said 
to  be  found  in  it.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Grant's  Pass.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1204;  in  1880,  2485;  in  1890,  4878. 

Josephine,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal., 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambria.     Quicksilver  is  found  near  it. 

Jo'seph's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Josephstadt,  yo's5f-st4tt\  a  fortified  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 11  miles  N.  of  Eoniggratz,  on  the  Elbe.  Pop.  2561, 
besides  military.  It  has  an  establishment  for  the  children 
of  soldiers,  and  manufactures  of  needles  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Josephstadt,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Johstadt. 

Josephstadt,  a  town  of  Galicia.    See  Podgorze. 

Jo'sephville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

Josh'ua,  a  townsnip  of  Fnlton  co.,  HI.    Pop.  1175 

Josimath,  jo^se-m&t'h',  a  village  of  India,  among  the 
sources  of  the  Ganges.  Lat.  30<»  33'  N.;  Ion.  79°  40'  B.  It 
consists  of  houses  of  gray  stone,  with  several  temples  inter- 
spersed, one  of  which  is  connected  with  the  famous  shrine 
of  Bhadrinatb. 

Jos'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rook  Island  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Rookford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Rock  Island.    It  has  a  store. 

Joslowitz,  yos'lo-<^its\  or  Jaroslowice,  y&-ros-lo- 
*eet'si,  a  town  of  Moravia,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Znaim.  P.  IMO. 


JUS 


1518 


JUB 


Josselin,  zhos's^h-liN*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
han,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vannes.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, a  fine  old  chateau,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  2522. 

Jos'selyn,  a  station  in  Dawson  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  225  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Josse-  (or  Saint-Josse-)  Ten-Noode,  yoss-tfin- 
no'd§h,  a  viUage  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  immedi- 
ately E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  of  commune,  26,492. 

Josz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Jaszko. 

Jouarre,  zhoo'aBR',  a  market-town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-et-Marne,  12  miles  E.  of  Meaux.     Pop.  1474. 

Jouarre  -  Pontchartrain,  zhoo'aRR'  -  p6N»'shaR'- 
triijo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Oise,  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Rambouillet.     Pop.  1509. 

Joudoma,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yoodoma. 

Jondpore,  a  town  of  India,    See  Joodpoor. 

Joa6,  zhoo'i',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Indre- 
et-Loire,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  576. 

Jon^f  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  on- the  Erdre,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Ancenis.      Pop.  464. 

Jou6  du  Bois,  zhoo'i'  dii  bwi,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Orne,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Alenfon.     Pop.  1463. 

Joug}  a  river  of  Russia.     See  YooG. 

Jongne*  zhooB,  a  market-town  of  France,  department 
of  Doubs,  9  miles  S.  of  Pontarlier.     Pop.  1337. 

Joulamerk,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Joolahere. 

Jouna,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Yukon. 

Joanpoor,  or  Jaunpur,  jSwn^poor',  less  correctly 
written  Ju^anpoor'  and  Joon^poor',  a  district  of  India, 
in  the  Allahabad  division,  North-West  Provinces,  lat.  25° 
22'-26"'  12'  N.,  Ion.  82°  12'-83°  10'  E.  Area,  1556  square 
miles.  It  is  a  very  level  and  fertile  region,  of  which  sugar 
is  a  leading  product.     Pop.  1,025,961. 

Jounpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  dis- 
trict, on  the  Goomtee,  here  bridged,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Ben- 
ares.    It  has  military  cantonments'.     Pop.  25,531. 

Jounsar)  or  Jaunsar,  jown^sar',  called  also  Jannsar 
Bawar,  a  hilly  region  of  India,  about  lat.  30°  30'-30°  57' 
N.,  Ion.  77°  46'-78°  9'  E.  Area,  343  square  miles.  It  is 
attached  to  the  Dehra  Doon  district.     Pop.  24,684. 

Jonques,  zhook,  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rh6ne,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1605. 

Jourbourg,  Russian  Poland.     See  Yoorboorg. 

Joure,  zhooR,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Heerenveen.     Pop.  2810. 

Jouriev-Polskoi,  Russia.    See  Yoobiev-Polskoi. 

JouX)  zhoo,  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  near 
the  Jura  and  the  French  frontier.  Length,  7  miles ;  breadth, 
1  mile.  It  is  350  feet  above  the  sea.  The  valley  is  remark- 
able for  its  three  lakes,  for  the  "  perte  de  I'Orbe,"  for  its 
romantic  scenery,  and  for  the  industry  of  its  inhabitants. 

JonX)  ChIteau  de,  sh&H5'  d§h  zhoo,  in  France,  de- 
partment of  Doubs,  is  a  fortress  on  a  precipice,  command- 
ing the  route  to  Neufch^tel.  It  was  the  prison  of  Fouquet, 
Mirabeau,  and  Toussaint  L'Ouverture. 

Jony,  zhwee,  a  village  of  France,  on  the  railway  from 
Paris  to  Chartres,  6  miles  from  the  latter. 

Jony-sur-Morin,  zhwee-silR-mo^rin"',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Morin.  Pop. 
1835.  Jouy  is  the  name  of  many  communes  in  the  depart- 
ments of  Eure-et-Loir,  Moselle,  &c. 

Jowahir,  a  mountain  of  India.     See  Jawahir. 

Jowaar^  joVar',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Jowaur  state, 
44  miles  S.E.  of  Damaun,  in  lat.  19°  55'  N.,  Ion.  73°  23'  E. 

Jowaur,  or  Jawar,  ja-war',  a  native  state  of  India, 
between  the  Western  Ghaut^  and  the  sea.  Lat.  19°  60'-20° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  8'-73°  30'  E.  Area,  about  300  square  miles. 
Pop.  37,406. 

jowf,  an  oasis  of  Arabia,  adjoining  Yemen  on  the  E. 
Chief  town,  Mareb.  Another  Jowp  is  an  oasis  S.  of  the 
Syrian  frontier,  a  dependency  of  Jebel-Shomer. 

Jowrah,  Jowra,  or  Janra,  j5w'r8,,  a  town  of  India, 

capital  of  the  Jowrah  state,  on  the  river  Piria,  here  crossed 

by  a  bridge,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Oojein.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Jowrah,  Jowra,  or  Jaura,  a  native  state  of  Central 

India.     Area,  872  square  miles.     Pop.  85,456. 

Joy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Oneonto. 

Joy,  or  Mill'ersburg   Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Mercer  co.,  111.,  on  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  Aledo.     It  has  a  church. 
Joy,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn. 
Joy,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sodns  town- 
ship, 30  miles  E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church,  and  man- 
ufactures of  barrels,  staves,  lumber,  brooms,  Ac.     Pop.  122. 
Joy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  12  miles  N.  of 
nig  Hun  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


Joyceville,  joiss'vil,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo., 
Va.,  1  mile  from  Roanoke  River,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Maoon, 
N.C.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Joyense,  zhw&^ycz',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  on 
the  Baume,  at  the  foot  of  the  C^vennes,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
LargentiSre.     Pop.  1724. 

Joy'field,a  post-township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  is  about 
2  miles  E.  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Benzonia. 
It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  116. 

Joynestown,  joinz'tdwn,  a  township  of  Wilson  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  1271. 

Joy^nug'ger,  Jynugger,  or  Jainagar,  jl-nug'g^r, 
a  town  of  Bengal,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Calcutta,  with  which 
it  communicates  by  navigable  water-courses.     Pop.  7772. 

Jozefow,  or  JozefoT,  yo^z^h-fov',  a  town  of  Poland, 
on  the  Vistula,  government  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lublin. 
Pop.  1240. 

Jozefow,  or  Jozefov,  a  town  of  Poland,  government 
of  Lublin,  17  miles  S.W,  of  Zamosc,     Pop,  1100. 

Ju'ab,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Utah,  Area, 
3828  square  miles.  The  Sevier  River  touches  its  south- 
western part.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Among  its 
prominent  features  is  Mount  Nebo,  said  to  be  about  12,000 
feet  high.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  and  wool  are  the 
staple  products.  The  E.  part  is  traversed  by  the  Union 
Pacific  and  San  Pete  Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Nephi. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2034 ;  in  1880,  3474 ;  in  1890,  5582. 

Juan,Hoo-fi,n'or  Hw&n,  a  town,  island  of  Majorca.  P.  1753. 

Juan  de  Alicante,  Hoo-&n'  dk  &-le-k&n't&,  a  village 
of  Spain,  province  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     P.  3773. 

Juan  de  Fuca.    See  Fuca. 

Jnanes,  Hw&-n&s',  a  river  of  Spain,  flows  S.E.,  and 
joins  the  Jucar  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Juan  Fernandez,  ju'an  f^r-nan'dSz  (Sp.  pron.  boo- 
in'  ffiR-nin'dfith),  or  iflas-d-Tierra,  mfts-ft-te-fiR'Ri, 
a  rocky  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  400  miles  oflf 
the  coast  of  Chili,  of  which  it  is  a  dependency.  Lat.  33° 
37'  S.;  Ion.  78°  53'  W.  It  is  18  miles  long  and  6  miles 
broad,  rises  to  3000  feet  above  the  ocean,  and  has  steep  shores 
and  a  desolate  appearance.  In  its  N.  half  is  Cumberland 
Bay.  It  has  a  few  Chilian  inhabitants,  and  is  the  seat  of  a 
small  German  colony.  The  solitary  residence  here  for  four 
years  of  a  Scotchman  named  Alexander  Selkirk  is  supposed 
to  have  formed  the  basis  of  De  Foe's  tale  of  "  Robinson 
Crusoe."  Mas-X-Fuera  is  another  rocky  and  precipitoua 
island,  lying  to  the  W.     Lat.  33°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  80°  27'  W. 

Juan  Griego,  Hoo-in'  gree-i'go,  a  port  of  Venezuela, 
island  of  Margarita. 

Juanpoor,  or  Juanpore,  India.    See  Jounpoor. 

Juan  Rcjon,  Hoo-&n'  r4-Bon',  an  islet  of  the  Cana- 
ries. It  is  one  of  the  four  islands  which  form  the  port  of 
Arecife. 

Juan,  San,  Central  America.    See  San  Juan. 

Jnba,  zhoo'bi,  or  Govind,  go-vind'  (called  also 
Fumbo,  foom'bo,  and  Rogue's  River),  a  river  of  East 
Africa,  after  a  S.E.  course  falls  into  the  Indian  Ocean  in 
lat.  0°  14'  S.,  Ion.  42°  39'  E.  It  is  said  to  rise  in  Abys- 
sinia, and  is  the  S.W.  limit  of  the  Gkilla  and  Adel  country. 
It  is  well  adapted  to  steam  navigation. 

Juba,  or  Govind,  a  walled  town  of  East  Africa,  sitn- 
ated  pn  the  summit  of  a  lofty  hill,  1  mile  from  the  month 
of  the  river  Juba. 

Jnbal,  India.    See  Joobul. 

Jubbulpoor,  or  Jabalpur,  jub^bai-poor',  written 
also  Jubbulpore,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district 
and  division  of  Jubbulpoor,  200  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Al- 
lahabad. It  has  wide  and  straight  streets,  an  industrial 
school,  and  a  military  establishment.     Pop.  (1891)  84,560. 

Jubbulpoor,  the  northernmost  division  or  oommis- 
sionership  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British  India,  com- 

5 rising  5  districts.  Area,  18,564  square  miles.  Capital, 
ubbulpoor.  Pop.  1,859,100.  The  district  of  Jubbulpoor, 
in  this  division,  is  traversed  by  the  river  Nerbudda,  and 
is  a  fertile  region,  in  part  occupied  with  forests  and  high- 
lands. Area,  3918  square  miles.  Capital,  Jubbulpoor 
Pop.  628,859. 

Jnbeil,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Jebail. 

Jubera,  or  Xubera,  Hoo-B4'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old  Castile,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Logrono,  on  the  Jubera. 

Ju'bilee,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  Dl.  Pop.  837.  It 
contains  Robin's  Nest,  which  is  the  seat  of  Jubilee  College. 

Jublains,  zhil^bl&N"'  (anc.  Nmodu'numf),  a  village  of 
France,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mayenne,  It  is  remarkable  for  its 
interesting  Roman  remains.     Pop.  1848. 

Jubriqne  (or  Xubrique)  la  Nueva,  Hoo-broe'ki  lA 
nw^'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  hi 
miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2596. 


JUG 


1519 


JUL 


Jacar,  or  Xucar,  Hoo'kaR  (anc.  Su'uro),  a  river  of 
Bpain,  in  New  Castile  and  Valencia,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Al- 
barracin,  flows  successively  W.,  S.,  and  E.,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  at  Cullera,  26  miles  S.  of  Valencia.  Length, 
about  200  miles. 

Juchitaii)  or  Xuchitan,  Hoo-ohe-t&n',  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Oajaoa,  on  the  rirer  Juohitan,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Tehuantepec.     Pop.  4600. 

JuchnoT,  or  Juchnow,  Russia.    See  Yookhnov. 

JnchnoTk,  or  Jnchnowka.    See  Yookhnotka. 

Jnckow,  or  Juchow^  joo'kSw,  sometimes  written 
Jakau,  j&'kSw,  a  seaport  town  of  India,  in  Cutch,  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Mandavee,  and  near  the  Eoree  mouth  of  the 
Indus. 

Ju'da^  a  post-village  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Monroe  with 
Janesville,  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Janesville. 

Judseay  or  Jadea^  ju-dee'a,  the  ancient  country  or 
kingdom  of  Judah,  forming  the  S  jart  of  Palestine,  or  the 
Holy  Land,  having  N.  Samaria,  W.  the  Mediterranean,  S. 
Arabia,  and  E.  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  river  Jordan,  mostly 
comprised  between  lat.  31°  and  32°  N.  and  Ion.  34°  30'  and 
36°  30'  E.  In  it  are  the  towns  of  Jerusalem,  Hebron, 
Bethlehem,  and  Jericho.    See  Palestine. 

Jndd)  a  station  in  Webster  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque 
&  Sioux  City  Railroad,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Judd's  Bridge^  a  station  in  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Shepaug  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Litchfield. 

Judenburg,  yoo'd^n-bSSRO^  (anc.  Idurumf),  a  town 
of  Styria,  on  the  Mur,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gratz.  Pop. 
3189.  It  has  several  churches,  an  old  Jesuit  college  and 
castle,  both  now  used  for  barracks,  and  a  gymnasium.  Near 
it  is  the  castle  of  Liechtenstein.  In  the  Middle  Ages  Juden- 
burg  carried  on  an  important  trade  with  the  Levant. 

Jadesville,  judz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Jadge-and-his-Clerk,  two  islets  of  the  Macqnarie 
group,  in  the  South  Pacific,  S.W.  of  New  Zealand. 

Judi,  a  mountain  in  Koordistan.     See  Joodt. 

Jadique,  zhilMeek',  a  post-hamlet  in  Inverness  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Port  Hood.     Pop.  300. 

Ja'dith  Mountains)  a  range  in  the  central  part  of 
Montana,  a  few  miles  E.  of  the  Judith  River. 

Judith  River^  Montana,  rises  in  Meagher  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Choteau  co., 
about  45  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Fort  Benton. 

Jud'kins,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1432. 

Judoma,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  YooDOifA. 

Jud'son,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark. 

Judson,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Parke 
eo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <fe  Southwestern 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Rockville,  and  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Crawfordsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sandstone-quarry.     Pop.  about  200. 

Judson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  in  Beaver 
township,  70  miles  N.  of  Russell.     It  has  2  churches. 

JudsoU)  a  post-township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Mankato,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad.     Pop.  650. 

Judson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  about  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Milan,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Newtown. 

Judso'nia)  a  postivillage  of  White  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Red  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  <t  Fulton  Railroad,  53 
miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  ploughs.  Here  is  an  institution 
called  Judson  University  (Baptist).     Pop.  475. 

Jug)  a  river  of  Russia.     See  YooG. 

Jugadree,  or  Jagadhri,  jiig^&-dree',  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Umballah  district.  Lat.  30°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  22'  E. 
Pop.  11,678. 

Jugdeespoor,  Jugdispoor,  or  Jagdispur,  jQg^- 
dees-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad,  25  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Buxdr.     Pop.  9400. 

Jugdeespoor,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  63  miles  S.E. 
of  Lucknow. 

Jugdespoor,  India.    See  Jushpoor. 

Jugduluk,  jug^dfi-luk'  (?),  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  in 
the  defiles  between  Jelalabad  and  Cabool,  was  the  scene  of 
a  massacre  of  the  British  troops  in  1842,  and  of  the  total 
defeat  of  the  Afghans  by  the  British  in  1843. 

Juggernaut,  Juggernath,  jtlg^gher-nawt',  or  Jag- 
annath  (anc.  Jaggannatha,  j&g-g&-n&'t'h&),  called  also 
Pooree,  or  Purij  poo'ree',  a  town  of  India,  in  Orissa, 
capital  of  the  Pooree  district,  on  the  sea-coast,  42  miles  S. 
of  Cuttaok.     It  is  the  most  famous  place  of  pilgrimage  in 


India,  and  contains  a  celebrated  temple  and  image  of  Jug- 
gernaut, one  of  the  incarnations  of  Vishnu.     Pop.  22,695. 

Juggotee,  j&g^go-tec',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  do- 
minions,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Maheidpoor. 

Jugon,  zhii*g6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord, 
on  the  Arguenon,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  698. 

Jngor  Strait,  Arctic  Ocean.    See  Pet  Strait. 

Jug  Tav'ern,  a  post-office  of  Walton  oo.,  Ga.,  26  mi  m 
W.  of  Athens. 

Jug  Town,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C. 

Jugutsintipoor,  or  Jagatsinhpur,  jQg-Qt-sin'h- 
poor',  also  called  Juggntsingpore,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Cuttack  by  canal.     Pop.  4732. 

Juhangirabad,  or  Jahangirabad,  juh-h&n'geer- 
&-b&d',  a  town  of  India,  Boolundshahur  district,  63  miles 
S.E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  9408. 

Jni,  or  Julii,  joo'ee,  a  walled  town  of  Sinde,  15  milei 
N.W.  of  Lake  Munchar.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Juillac,  zhwee^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrSze,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Brives-la-Gaillarde.     Pop.  1025. 

Juillan,  zhwee^y6NB',  a  village  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyr^nSes,  arrondissement  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1644. 

Jui-  Shir,  a  tributary  of  the  Indus.  See  Cabool  Riyeb. 

Jujurieux,  zhii^zhii^re-ch',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain, 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Nantua.     Pop.  1330. 

Jujuy,  Hoo-Hwee',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Jujuy,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  40  miles  N.  of  Salta.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  a 
good  trade.     Pop.  3072. 

Ji^jny,  a  province  in  the  N.W.  of  the  Argentine  Re- 

?ublic,  bordering  on  Bolivia.  Area,  35,844  square  miles, 
t  is  a  well-watered  and  fertile  but  little  developed  region, 
with  a  tropical  climate  except  in  the  mountainous  parts. 
Petroleum  is  reported  to  exist  in  abundance.  Cotton,  sugar- 
cane, tobacco,  and  live-stock  are  leading  products.  Capital, 
Jujuy.     Pop.  40,379. 

Jujuy  River,  or  Rio  Grande  de  Jiyuy,  ree'o 
gr&n'di  di  Hoo-Hwee',  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
rises  on  the  frontiers  of  Bolivia,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
300  miles,  first  S.  and  then  E.,  joins  the  Vermejo  in  lat. 
23°  5'  S.,  Ion.  62°  40'  W. 

Julalee,  or  Jalali,  jul-3,'lee,  a  town  of  India,  district 
of  Alighur,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Coel.     Pop.  7616. 

JuPalpoor',  or  Jel^alpoor',  a  town  of  the  Punjab, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Jhylum,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Julamerk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.  See  Joolauerk. 

Jnlesburg,  julz'burg,  a  post-town  of  Colorado,  the 
capital  of  Sedgwick  co.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte 
River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  139  miles  E.  of 
Cheyenne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns.  Elevation, 
3500  feet.     Pop.  650. 

Juleysur,  or  Jullesur,  jiin^-siir',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  39  miles  E.  of  Mathura.     Pop.  13,351. 

Jurgaum',  or  Jalgaon,  jsrgi'gn,  a  town  of  Berar, 
India,  in  the  Akola  district.  Lat.  20°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  74*  30'  E. 
It  is  a  great  cotton-market.     Pop.  8763. 

Juli,  Hoo'lee,  a  town  of  Peru,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Pono,  on 
the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca.     Elevation,  13,100  feet. 

Julia,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Gyalu. 

Juliaca,  Hoo-lee-&'k&,  a  village  and  railway  jonotioo 
of  Peru,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Puno. 

Julia  Josa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tarifa. 

Julian,  ju'le-an,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Gal., 
about  44  miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Julian,  a  post-office  of  Newton  oo.,  Ind. 

Julian  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Huston  township,  on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Julianshaab,  yooMe-&n8-h&b',  a  maritime  station  in 
Greenland,  on  its  W.  coast,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Fare- 
well, and  the  principal  place  of  an  extensive  district. 

Julias,  Syria.    See  Bethsaida  op  Gaulonitis. 

Jttlich,  yii'liK  (Fr.  Juliers,  zhiiMe-i'),  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Aix- 
la-Chapelle,  on  the  Ruhr.  It  has  cotton -mills,  tanneries, 
Ac.  Pop.  6111.  Jiilioh  was  the  capital  of  the  department 
of  Roer  (Ruhr)  under  the  first  French  Empire. 

Julien,  ju'le-^n,  a  township  of  Dubuque  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1350,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Dubuque.  Julien  Statiom 
on  the  Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad  is  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Dubuque. 

Jnlier,  Col  dn,  Switzerland.    See  Col  du  Julier. 

Juliet,  ju-le-et',  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Bedford.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 


JUL 


1520 


JUN 


Jnlietta,  ju-le-et'tg,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  cc,  Ind., 
in  Warren  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <k  In- 
dianapoUs  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a 

«haron.  _  -  «  ^ 

Jnlii  Forum,  an  ancient  name  of  Frbjits. 

Jnliobona,  the  ancient  name  of  Lillebonnb. 

Juliodunum,  the  Latin  name  of  LouDUir. 

Jaliomagas,  the  ancient  name  of  Angers. 

Juliustown,  jQl'yfis-tewn,  a  post-village  of  Burling- 
ton CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Kinkora  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  church. 

Jull,  juU,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  in  Cutch  Gundava,  20 
miles  S.  of  Gundava. 

Jlillandf  Denmark.    See  Jutland. 

Jullesnr,  India.    See  Juleysur. 

Jnl'linder,  Jul'inder,  or  Jalandar,  jSl'lan-dar,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  JuUinder  division  and  district, 
85  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Lahore,  in  the  "  JuUinder  Doab,"  a 
ftertile  plain  between  the  Sutlej  and  the  Beas.     Pop.  66,202. 

JuUinder,  or  Jalandar,  a  division  or  commissioner- 
ship  of  the  Puiyab,  British  India,  bounded  S.  by  the  Sutlej, 
and  containing  the  JuUinder,  Hoshiarpoor,  and  Kangra  dis- 
tricts. Area,  12,400  square  miles.  Pop.  2,477,536.  The 
district  of  JuUinder  is  a  fertile  region,  with  a  pleasant  cli- 
mate. Area,  1326  square  miles.  Capital,  JuUinder.  Pop. 
794,764. 

Jnlpigoree,  or  Jalpaigari,  jQl-pi-go'ree,  also  called 
Jerpigo'ry,  a  district  of  Bengal.  Lat.  26°  36'-26°  59.5' 
N.;  Ion.  88°  2'  40"-89°  55'  20"  E.  Area,  2906  square 
miles.  It  contains  the  tract  known  as  the  Western  or  Bengal 
Dwars,  and  is  partly  bounded  N.  by  Bootan.  It  is  for  the 
most  part  level  and- open,  but  on  the  frontier  occurs  a  small 
mountain-tract.     Capital,  Julpigoree.     Pop.  418,665. 

Julpigoree,  or  JaIpigori,the  capital  and  only  town 
of  the  above  district,  on  the  Teesta,  and  on  the  State  Rail- 
way, 40  miles  S.E.  of  Darjeeling.  It  has  cantonments,  and 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  4500. 

Jnlraiz,  jul-riz'  (?),  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Ca- 
bool  River,  with  numerous  forts,  35  miles  E.  of  Cabool. 

Jnlra  Patnn,  a  town  of  India.    See  Patun. 

Jumalpoor,  or  Jamalpnr,  jiim-3,l-poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  5  miles  S.  of  Monghir,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Monghir  Branch  Railway  with  the  East  India  Rail- 
way. Here  are  shops  and  iron-mills  of  the  railway,  covering 
30  acres.  It  has  a  large  European  and  native  Christian 
population,  and  is  a  place  of  recent  growth.     Pop.  10,453. 

Jumalpoor,  or  Jamalpur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  the 
largest  town  of  the  Mymunsingh  district,  on  the  Brahma- 
pootra, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Mjnnunsingh.  It  consists  of  a 
group  of  adjacent  villages.     Pop.  14,312. 

Jum^boseer',  written  also  Jambnsar,  Jambsar, 
and  Dschambusar,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Baroach.     Pop.  14,924. 

Jumeaux,  zhii^mo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D&me,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Issoire.     Pop.  1319. 

Jumelles,  zhii^mSir,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  8  miles  S.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  1618. 

Jumet,  or  Jametz,  zhii^met',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  3  miles  N.  of  Charleroi.  It  has  glass-works,  dis- 
tilleries, and  extensive  coal-mines.     Pop.  15,262. 

Jumi^ges,  zhii^me-^zh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
InfSrieure,  on  the  Seine,  16  miles  W.  of  Rouen.  Pop.  1618. 
^Tt  has  remains  of  a  Benedictine  abbey. 

Jumilla,  or  Xumilla,  Hoo-meery&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  9613.  It 
18  pretty  well  built,  and  has  a  pubUc  granary,  and  manufac- 
tures of  fire-arms,  tiles,  earthenware,  and  refined  salt. 

Jumillac,  zhii^mee^ik',  or  Jumilhac-le-Grand, 
«h\i^mee^yS,k'-l§h-gr6N»',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Dordogne,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Isle  River,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  P6ri- 
gueux.     Pop.  550. 

Jnm^moo^,  Jamoo,  or  Jamn,  jum-oo',  written  also 
Dschamn,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  the  Gholab  Singh 
dominions,  of  which  it  forms  a  nucleus  (see  Cashmere)  and 
to  which  it  sometimes  gives  its  name.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Himalayas,  and  has  on  the  N.  Cashmere  proper,  and  on 
the  S.  Chamba  and  the  Sutlej  hiU-states.  Capital,  Jummoo. 
Pop.  861,075. 

Jummoo,  or  Jamu,  a  fortified  town,  capital  of  the 
,  Jummoo  state,  75    miles    N.  of  Amritsir.     It  is  in  the 
■outhem  range  of  the  Himalayas,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Che- 
naub.     It  has  a  palace,  harem,  and  park.     Pop.  41,817. 
Jummoo  and  Cashmere.    See  Cashuese. 
Jnmmoo-Kandy,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Kandt. 
Jumna,  or  Jamna,  jQm'nS,  (ano.  Yamuna,  or  Jamuna, 
7&-moo'n&;  the  Jom'anet  of  Pliny),  a  river  of  India,  rises 
uaong  the  loftiest  peaks  of  the  Himalayas,  about  an  eleva- 


tion of  11,000  feet,  flows  mostly  S.,  and  afterwards  S.B., 
and  joins  the  Ganges  at  Allahabad,  after  having  enclosed 
with  that  river  the  territory  called  the  Doab.  Total  course 
estimated  at  680  miles.  It  is  generally  shallow,  but  its 
lower  part  has  been  rendered  fit  for  navigation.  Its  afflu- 
ents are  the  Tons,  Chumbul,  Sind,  Betwah,  Cane,  and  Rinde. 
On  it  are  the  cities  of  Delhi  and  Agra.  It  feeds  two  great 
systems  of  irrigation-canals. 

Jumnootri,  or  Jumnoutri,  jflm-noo'tree,  written 
also  Jnmnotri,  a  peak  of  the  Himalayas,  in  India.  Lat. 
about  30°  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E.     Height,  25,500  feet. 

Jumnootri,  or  Jumnoutri,  jum-noo'tree  (Hind. 
Yamunavatari,  yi-moo-ni-v4-ti'ree),  a  famous  place  of 
Hindoo  pilgrimage  in  North  India,  near  the  source  of  the 
Jumna,  lat.  30°  62'  N.,  Ion.  78°  20'  E.,  and  10,849  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Jumoo,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Jummoo. 

Jumooee,  Jumoee,  or  Jamui,  jilm-oc'ee,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monghir,  near 
Jumooee  Railway  Station.  It  has  good  public  buildings  and 
a  large  trade.     Pop.  5197. 

Jump'ing  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co., 
W.  Va.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Hinton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Jump  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Chip- 
pewa CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Chippewa 
River  about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Jumud,  joo-mud',  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  70  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Khiva. 

Junaghur,  or  Junagarh.    See  Joonaghur. 

Junaluska,  Jackson  co.,  S.C.    See  Janalcska. 

Junction,  Alabama.     See  Whituto. 

Junction,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  San  Rafael 
Branch,  17  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Junction,  CaUfornia.    See  Rosbtille. 

Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lemhi  co.,  Idaho,  abont  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Salmon  City. 

Junction,  or  Main  JLine  Junction,  in  Marion  oo., 
111.,  is  a  station  on  the  IlUnois  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N. 
of  Central  City,  5  miles  S.  of  Odin,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Sandoval,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  division  with  the 
main  line. 

Junction,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  111.,  at  Mounds, 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  A 
short  railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Mound  City. 

Junction,  Illinois.    See  Turner. 

Junction,  a  station  in  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa,  4  miles 
W.  of  Waterloo,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cedar  Falls  A  Min- 
nesota Railroad  with  the  Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad. 

Junction,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.,  ex- 
clusive of  Grand  Junction  (a  village),  469. 

Junction,  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.    See  Parnell. 

Junction,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1099. 
Post-office,  Farmersville. 

Junction,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  St  Louis  River,  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lake  Superior  <fc 
Mississippi  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a 
church,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  It  is 
1  mile  from  the  Dalles  of  the  St.  Louis  River,  which  here 
falls  430  feet  in  a  course  of  7  miles.     Pop.  about  200. 

Junction,  Platte  co..  Mo.    See  Atchison  Junction. 

Junction,  or  Junction  City,  a  village  and  mining- 
camp  of  Madison  oo.,  Montana,  on  Alder  Creek,  about  42 
miles  S.W.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  rich  placer-  and  quartz- 
mines,  3  stores,  and  a  quartz-mill. 

Junction,  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 

Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 

5  miles  S.  of  Washington,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 
It  has  4  churches,  and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  Pop. 
about  1100. 

Junction,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Troy 

6  Boston  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troy. 
Junction,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh 

<fc  Gaston  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  former  branch  to 
Clarksville,  Va.,  43  miles  W.  of  Weldon. 

Junction,  a  post-village  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  <fc  Erie  Canal,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Miami  Canal,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Defiance. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.;  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lan- 
caster Branch,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading. 

Junction*  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gulf^ 


JUN 


1521 


JUN 


Western  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Port  Lavaca  Branch,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Indianola. 

Junction,  or  Hanover  Janction,  a  post-office  and 
station  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the  North  Anna  River,  and 
on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles 
N.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church. 

JnnctioU)  or  Junction  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Por- 
tage CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  has  2 
stores,  2  hotels,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  100. 

Junction  City,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Trinity  River,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  Gold  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  440 ;  of  the  township,  570. 

Junction  City,  the  capital  of  Geary  co.,  Kansas,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Kansas  or  Smoky 
Hill  River,  about  1  mile  from  the  Republican  River.  By 
railroad  it  is  71  miles  W.  of  Topeka,  61  miles  N.W.  of 
Emporia,  and  47  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Salina.  It  is  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads, 
several  branches  of  which  converge  at  Junction  City.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  United  States  land-office,  10 
churches,  3  banks,  a  savings-bank,  5  newspaper  offices,  fine 
city  schools  with  over  1200  pupils,  and  the  Junction  Star 
flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  2684;  in  1890,  4502. 

Junction  Cuty,  Montana.    See  Junction. 

Junction  City,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Mus- 
kingum Valley  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Junction  City,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on 
or  near  the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  A  Cali- 
fornia Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Eugene  City.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Junction  City,  formerly  Den'man,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Kimble  co.,  Tex.,  is  at  the  junction  of  two  forks 
of  the  Llano  River,  135  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Junction  Palace,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.Va. 

Jnndiahi,  zhoon-de-i'ee,  a  town  of  Brazil,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Jundiahi.     Pop.  5000. 

Juneau,  joo^n5',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin. Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Lemonweir,  Yellow,  and  Baraboo  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  bay,  hops,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul,  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern,  and  Chicago, 
St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroads.  Capital,  Maus- 
ton.     Pop.  in  1870, 12,372 ;  in  1880, 16,582 ;  in  1890, 17,121. 

Juneau,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Oak  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.  of  Watertown,  and  32  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  public 
hall,  a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house,  Ao.    P.  (1890)  701. 

June  Bug,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mt.  Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Mt.  Pleasant, 
and  near  the  junction  of  the  Green  Lick  Railroad. 

Juneda,  or  Xuneda,  Boo-n&'D&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  1744. 

Juner,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jooneer. 

Junesville,  jfmz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C., 
25  miles  from  Gourdin's  Station. 

Jung,  or  Jhang,  jung,  a  district  of  the  Pui^jab,  with 
a  town  of  the  same  name,  division  and  90  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Mooltan.  Area,  5702  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Maghiana. 
Pop.  348,027. 

Jung-Breslan,  the  German  name  of  Inowrazlaw. 

Jung-Buntzlau,  y5ong-b55nts'lSw  (i.e.,  "Young 
Buntzlau"),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Iser,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  8695.  It  has  a  gym- 
nasium, an  old  castle  now  used  for  barracks,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics  and  leather.    See  Alt- 

BUNTZLAU. 

Jungeypoor,  or  Jangipur,  jung'gh^-poor',  written 
also  Jungipore,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Moorshedabad,  on  the  Bhagirathi,  near  its  origin 
in  the  Ganges.  It  is  the  seat  of  trade  in  rice  and  silk,  and 
the  most  important  toll-station  on  the  river.     Pop.  11,361. 

Jungfrau,  ySSng'frSw  (the  "  Maiden"  or  the  "  Virgin 
Mountain"),  a  mountain  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  on  the  bound- 
ary-line between  the  cantons  of  Bern  and  Valais,  7  miles 
w    of  the  Finster-Aarhom.     Height,  13,671   feet.     It  is 


surrounded  on  all  sides  by  precipices,  and  capped  with  per- 
petual snow;  but  its  summit  was  attained  in  1811  by  the 
brothers  Meyer  of  Aarau,  and  by  many  since. 

Jung-Wozicz,  y55ng-^ot'sitch  (?),  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 12  miles  from  Tabor.     Pop.  2056. 

Juniata,  ju^ne-at'a,  a  beautiful  river  of  Pennsylvania, 
is  formed  by  the  Prankstown  Branch  and  the  Little  Ju- 
niata, which  unite  at  Petersburg,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Huntingdon.  It  runs  southeastward  through  Huntingdon 
CO.,  and  northeastward  through  Mifflin  co.  Below  Mifflin- 
town  it  flows  southeastward,  intersects  Perry  co.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River  1  mile  above  Petersburg.  The 
main  stream  is  about  140  miles  long.  Some  of  the  most 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery  of  the  state  occurs  on  the 
banks  of  this  river,  which  crosses  or  breaks  through  several 
mountain-ridges  and  irrigates  several  fertile  valleys.  The 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  follows  the  windings  of  this  river 
from  its  origin  to  its  mouth.  The  Little  Juniata  is  a  mere 
creek,  which  runs  southeastward,  and  is  25  or  30  miles 
long.    See  Fkankstown  Branch  and  Raystoww  Branch. 

Juniata,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Juniata  River,  and  also  drained  by  Tuscarora 
Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  picturesque  moun- 
tain-scenery, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone, 
slate,  and  sandstone  are  found.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Capital,  Mifflintown.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,390;  in  1880,  18,227;  in  1890,  16,655. 

Juniata,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  Huer- 
fano River,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pueblo. 

Juniata,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mioh.,  in 
Juniata  township,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Saginaw.  Pop. 
of  township,  1157. 

Juniata,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Neb.,  On  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  St.  Joseph  &  Denver 
City  Railroads,  103  miles  W.  of  Lincoln,  and  24  miles  E.  of 
Fort  Kearney.  It  is  1936  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  494;  in  1890,  528. 

Juniata,  a  township  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1437. 
It  contains  New  Buena  Vista. 

Juniata,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  bounded  W.  by 
the  main  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies.     Pop.  621. 

Juniata,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Here  the 
Raystown  Branch  joins  the  main  stream  of  the  Juniata 
River.     Pop.  393. 

Juniata,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Juniata 
township,  at  a  hamlet  named  Milford,  about  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  of  the  township,  983. 

Juniata  Bridge,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  tho 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Duncannon. 

Junin,  or  Xunin,  Hoo^neen',  a  department  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  Peru,  traversed  by  the  Andes,  and  extending 
far  E.  into  the  forest  region.  It  has  great  mineral  wealth. 
Capital,  Cerro  de  Pasco.     Pop.  209,871. 

Junin,  or  Xunin,  Hoo-neen',  or  Reyes,  r&'ySs,  a  town 
of  Peru,  department  of  Junin,  108  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lima, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Reyes.  Near  it  is  the  Pampa  of 
Junin,  where,  on  August  24, 1824,  the  Spanish  were  beaten 
by  Bolivar. 

Junior  (jUn'ypr)  Land'ing,  Scioto  oo.,  0.,  is  a  ship- 
ping-point on  the  Ohio  River,  17  miles  above  Portsmouth. 

Ju'niper,  a  station  in  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus. 

Ju'niper  Creek,  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.,  flows  into 
Thompson's  Creek  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Junius,  jun'yiis,  a  post-township  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  N.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  an  undulating  sur- 
face and  a  rich  soil.  Pop.  1313.  It  contains  a  hamlet 
named  Dublin. 

Jnniville,  zhii^neeVeel',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ardennes,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  M^ziSres.     Pop.  1405. 

Junk-Ceylon,  Junkseylon,  jiink-see'l()n  or  j&nk'- 
se-lSn',  or  Salang,  si-l&ng',  an  island  in  the  Indiar 
Ocean,  belonging  to  Siam,  ofi"  the..JS4W.  extremityof  the  I 

WWag^_Peninsula.   Lat.  7°  46'Trrionr95'T^  K  LengtET^ 
20  milespaverage  breadth,  10  miles.     The  surface  is  level 
and  wooded.     It  contaiin^lin^^nes,  the  produce  of  which, 
with  edible  birds'-nests,  ivory,  anS  sapan-wood,  is  exported. 

Jn'no,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  oo.,  Qa.,  7  miles  N.  of 
Dawsonville. 

Juno,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miloi 
E.  of  Jackson. 

Junonis  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Trafalgap 

Junqnera,  or  La  Junquera  (or  Xnnquers),  \i 


% 


JUP 


1522 


JYT 


Hoon-ki'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles  N.N.E. 

of  Gerona,  in  a  gorge  of  the  Pyrenees.     Pop.  1435. 
Jupanowa-Sopka,  yoo-pi-no'vi-sop'ki  (?),  a  vol- 
nio  mountain  of  Kamchatka,  in  lat.  53"  55'  N.,  Ion.  156° 


canio 
30'  E. 


JuDille,  zhii'peel'  (anc.  Jobii  Villa),  a  village  of  Bel- 
"    V      ..»    _    f.  ,.^  .,     „     _-      Pop.  2909. 


chain  of  mountains  which  separate  France  from  Switzer- 
land, extending  in  France  from  the  department  of  Ain  to 
Alsace,  and  in  Switzerland  along  the  cantons  of  Vaud, 
Neufchatel,  and  Bern.  It  is  composed  of  a  series  of  parallel 
ranges,  extending  for  180  miles  in  the  form  of  a  curve, 
from  S.  to  N.E.,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  30  miles ;  these 
are  separated  by  long  valleys,  which  are  traversed  by 
streams  flowing  N.  and  S.  The  culminating  points,  situ- 
ated mostly  in  the  S.  part  of  the  chain,  are  Mount  Moles- 
eon,  6588  feet;  Reculet-de-Toiry,  5643  feet;  Mont  Tendre, 
5538  feet;  D&le,  5509  feet;  Chasseron,  5280  feet;  and 
Chasseral,  6280  feet.  The  chief  geological  feature  is  a 
mesozoic  formation  called  Jura  limestone.  Here  are  found 
also  cretaceous  gypsums,  alabaster,  beds  of  asphalt  and 
oolites,  coral,  marble,  abundance  of  iron,  and  mineral 
springs.  There  are  numerous  cascades  and  stalactite  grot- 
tos in  the  mountains,  and  their  summits  are  covered  with 
fine  forests.  Wolves  and  the  brown  bear  are  occasionally 
met  with.  The  vine  is  cultivated  in  the  valleys ;  cattle  are 
extensively  reared;  and  cheese  called  Gruyire  is  manu- 
factured. 

JurB)  yoo'ri,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Wilna,  joins  the 
Niemen  above  Tilsit.    Length,  about  76  miles. 

Ju'ra  (anc.  Biura  f),  an  island,  one  of  the  Inner  Heb- 
rides, in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  immediately  N.E.  of 
Islay.  Length,  24  miles.  Area,  84  square  miles,  mostly 
inarable.  Near  its  S.  extremity  are  3  lofty  peaks,  termed 
the  "  Paps  of  Jura."  On  the  E.  is  the  harbor  of  Small 
Islands ;  on  the  W.  is  the  deep  inlet  Loch  Tarbet.  Prin- 
cipal village,  Jura,  on  the  E.  coast.     Pop.  761. 

Jara«  joo'ra  (Fr.  pron.  zhii^ri'),  a  department  of  France, 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Franche-Comt6,  is  bounded  E. 
and  S.  by  Switzerland.  Area,  1894  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  173,028.  It  is  situated  almost  entirely  in  the  basin 
of  the  Rhone.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  ramifica- 
tions of  the  Jura  Mountains.  Principal  rivers,  the  Oignon, 
Doubs,  Seisse,  and  Ain.  The  soil  is  rich  and  fertile  in  the 
valleys.  Sufficient  grain  (chiefly  maize)  is  raised  for  home 
consumption ;  potatoes  are  an  important  crop ;  and  butter 
and  cheese  are  made  in  large  quantities.  The  annual  yield 
of  wine  is  commonly  upwards  of  400,000  hectolitres,  some 
of  very  good  quality.  'The  chief  mineral  products  are  iron, 
marble,  and  gypsum.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Lons-le-Saulnier,  D81e,  Poligny,  and 
Saint-Claude. 

Jaran^on,  zhU^r6N»^s5N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ba8ses-Pyr6n6es,  li  miles  W.  of  Pan.     Pop.  1661. 

JurbiaC)  zhiiR^beez',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
at  a  railway  j  unction,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels. 

Jurburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yoorbooko. 

Ju^rett',  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 

Jarievetz-Povolskoi,or  Juijevetz-Powolskoi. 

Bee  YOOHIEVETS-POVOLSKOI. 

Juijer-Polskij,  or  JurieT-Polskoi.  See  Yoobibv- 

POLSKOt. 

Juijura,  jur'joo-r4  (anc.  Ferra'ttu  Mom),  a  mountain- 
chain  of  Algeria,  forming  a  division  of  the  Little  Atlas,  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Algiers. 

Jurruk,  jiir^ruk',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Indus,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hyderabad.     Pop.  1500. 

Jurten,  mountains  of  Switzerland.     See  Jorat. 

Jurua,  Jurnha^  Hoo-roo'i  (Port.  pron.  zhoo-roo'i),  or 
Hyuruha)  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  mountains  of 
Peru,  flows  N.N.B.,  and  joins  the  Amazon  on  the  S.,  between 
the  confluence  of  the  Teffe  and  the  Jutay. 

Juruena,  zhoo-roo-i'ni,  a  large  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Grosso,  rises  50  miles  N.E.  of  Matto-Grosso  city, 
and  flows  N.  to  the  Tapajos. 

Jurumenha,  zhoo-roo-mSn'y4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  on  a  steep  height,  on  the  Guadiana,  31  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  530. 

JuruyO)  a  volcano  of  Mexico.     See  Jorullo. 

Jorzen,  yooB-z6n'  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Oofa 
ftfter  a  N.W.  coarse  of  about  140  miles. 


Jushpoor^  or  Jashpur,  jiish-poor',  a  native  state  of 
India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  Lat.  22°  17'  5"-23°  15'  30"  N. ; 
Ion.  83°  32'  50"-84°  26'  15"  E.  Area,  1947  square  miles. 
It  affords  iron,  gold,  timber,  silk,  lac,  and  beeswax.  Capi- 
tal, Jushpoor.     Pop.  66,926. 

Jushpoor,  Jashpur,  Jugdespoor,  Jagdespoorf 
jug^d§s-poor',  or  Jashpurnagar,  jfish^poor-niig'ur,  a 
village  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  state,  76  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Sumbhulpoor.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Jusrouta,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jesrod. 

JussaC)  zhiis^s&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cantal,  3 
miles  S.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1530. 

Jussey,  zhUs^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Sadne,  22 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  2787. 

Justedal;  yoos't^h-dir,  a  village  of  Norway,  province 
of  North  Bergen,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Bergen.  It  is  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  largest  glacier  in  Europe,  called  Juste- 
dals-Brae,  a  mass  of  ice  40  miles  long  and  8  miles  wide. 

Jus'tice,  a  post-office  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb. 

Justiniana  Secunda,  Bulgaria.    See  Ghiustendil. 

Jus'tus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Massillon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Juswuntnuggur,  or  Jaswantnagur,  jus-wfint- 
nug'ilr,  a  town  of  India,  Etawah  district.     Pop.  5310. 

Jntay^  or  Xutay,  Hoo-ti'  (Port.  pron.  zhoo-ti'),  writ- 
ten also  Jntahi)  or  Hyntahyy  a  river  of  South  America, 
has  its  sources  in  the  N.E.  of  Peru,  about  lat.  11°  40'  S., 
Ion.  68°  16'  W.,  and  falls  into  the  Amazon  at  lat.  2°  40'  S., 
Ion.  66°  40'  W.,  after  a  course  of  nearly  700  miles. 

Jiiterbogk)  yii't^r-bok^  a  walled   town   of  Prussia, 

frovinoe  of  Brandenburg,  27  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Potsdam, 
op.  6776,  who  manufacture  shoes,  linens,  and  cloth. 

Juthia,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Ayuthia. 

Jutland)  jilt'l^nd  (Dan.  Jylland,  yiil'l&nd;  Ger.  Jut- 
land, jut'\kai;  h.  jutlan' dia;  anc.  Gheraone'iut  Oim'brica), 
a  low,  flat  peninsula  of  Denmark,  comprised  between  the 
North  Sea,  the  Skager-Rack,  the  Cattegat,  the  Little  Belt, 
and  the  Baltic.  Lat.  62°  45'-57°  43'  N.;  Ion.  8°  6'-10° 
67'  E.  On  the  S.  it  is  attached  to  Germany ;  on  the  N.E. 
it  terminates  in  Cape  Skagen,  or  The  Skaw.  Its  coasts 
are  indented  by  numerous  gulfs,  the  chief  of  which  is  the 
Lym-Fiord,  which  crosses  it,  insulating  the  N.  part.  Jutland 
has  numerous  lakes.  The  peninsula  is  divided  into  North 
Jutland,  or  Jutland  proper,  and  South  Jutland,  or  Sleswiok, 
the  latter  now  in  Germany.  Jutland  proper  is  the  only 
continental  portion  of  Denmark.  Area,  9738  square  miles. 
Pop.  942,361.  The  E.  coast  has  numerous  fine  harbors;  on 
the  W.  the  sea  is  shallow.  The  surface  is  quite  level,  except 
on  the  E.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  a  range  of  low  hills ;  highest 
point,  the  Himmelbjerg,  550  feet.  The  principal  river  is 
the  Guden,  which  is  navigable  for  60  miles.  Tne  name  of 
Jutland  is  derived  from  the  Jutes,  a  nation  who  anciently 

inhabited  this  country. Adj.  Ji;ti.andish,  jiit'lq,nd-ish; 

inhab.  Jdtlandbr,  jiit'land-^r. 

Jntroszyn,  or  Jutroschin,  y5St-ro-eheen',  a  town 
of  Prussia,  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     P»p.  1977 

Juttah,  the  Scriptural  name  of  Tutta. 

JutUeel'  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  in  Sinde, 
stretching  about  70  miles,  from  lat.  25°  26'  to  26°  20'  N., 
and  from  Ion.  67°  45'  to  67°  55'  E. 

Juvavum,  or  Juvavia,  Austria:    See  Salzbitrg. 

JuTigny-  sons  -  Andaine,  zhliVeen^yee'-sooz-fiji*- 
din',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Domfront. 
Pop.  1595. 

Jyepoor,  a  town  and  state  of  India.    See  Jetpooji. 

Jyhoon,  ji-hoon',  or  Jaihan,  ji-h8,n'  (anc.  Pyr'amu*), 
a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  in  Mount  Taurus,  and,  after  a 
S.  course  of  160  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon  on  its 
W.  side.     Ain-Zarbe  is  the  chief  town  on  its  banks. 

Jyhun,  a  river  of  Central  Asia.    See  Amoo-Darya. 

Jylland,  a  peninsula  of  Denmark.    See  Jutland. 

Jylum,  one  of  the  rivers  of  the  Punjab.     See  JHYLric. 

Jyntiah  (or  Jyuteah)  Hills.  See  Cosstah  and  Jtn- 
TEAH  Hills. 

Jyntiahpoor,  jin-te-4-poor',  Jynteahpore,  jin-te- 
i-por';  or  Jayantiyapur,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Sylhet.  It  is  built  of  mats  and  mud,  and 
has  several  mosques,  many  of  its  population  being  Moham- 
medans. 

Jynngger,  India.    See  Joynugger. 

Jypoor,  a  town  and  state  of  India.    See  Jetpoob- 

Jytomir,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zhitohbbb. 


KAA 


1523 


KAF 


K. 


Kaaden,  kl'd^n,  or  Kadanie,  k&-d&n'y&\  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.  Pop. 
5052.     It  heis  a  curious  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Kaafiord)  ko'fe-oRd\  a  village  of  Norway,  in  Finmark, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Alten  River,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Alten, 
near  lat.  70°  N.     It  has  a  copper-mine. 

KaagoC)  ko'go^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  belonging  to 
Finmark,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  70°  N.  Length,  11 
miles ;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Kaal,  k^l,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Heves,  on  the 
Tama,  12  m'iles  from  Erlau.     Pop.  2686. 

Kaarta^  k|r't4,  a  kingdom  of  West  Africa,  in  the  N.E. 
of  Seaegambia.  It  is  mountainous,  and  is  said  to  be  populous 
and  well  cultivated. 

Kaater's  Kil.    See  Cauterskili.  Creek. 

Kaatsberg,  New  York.    See  Catskill  Mountains. 

Kaba,  or  Nagy-Kaba,  nodj-koh'b6h',  a  village  of 
Hungary,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Szoboszlo.     Pop.  5771. 

Kabah,  k&'bi\  a  ruined  city  of  Yucatan,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Uxmal. 

Kaban-Maadeu,  Turkey.    See  Keban-Maden. 

Kabardah,  k&-baR'd&,  a  district  of  Russia  in  Europe, 
government  of  Terek,  Ciscaucasia. 

Kabenda,  or  Kabiuda,  Africa.    See  Oabenda. 

Kabes,  a  town  of  Tunis.     See  Cabes. 

Ka'bletown,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kabok,  ki^bok',  a  Mandingo  state  of  Senegambia,  be- 
tween the  Geba  and  the  upper  course  of  the  Gambia.  Its 
interior  is  almost  unknown. 

Kaboo,  Kabou,  or  Kaba,  k3,^boo',  a  country  of 
Africa,  in  Upper  Guinea,  between  the  Gambia  and  Cacheo 
Rivers. 

Kabool,  or  Kaboul,  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Kabooloosoo,Kaboulonsou,orKaboeloesoe, 
ki-boo^loo-soo',  an  uninhabited  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Sangir. 

Kabra^  or  Cabra,  k&'bri,  a  town  of  Africa,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Timbuotoo,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Niger. 

Kabrera,  or  Cabrera^  k&-bri'r&,  one  of  the  Ionian 
Islands,  in  Greece,  off  the  S,  extremity  of  the  Morea,  7 
miles  W.  of  Cape  Gallo.     Lat.  36°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  47'  E. 

Kabr  Ibraheem  (or  Ibrahim).    See  Hebron. 

Kabrooaug,  Kabrouang,  or  Kabruang,  k&- 
broo-ing',  an  island  between  the  Philippines  and  Gilolo,  20 
miles  in  circumference.  It  is  in  the  Salibabo  group.  Lat. 
3°  47'  N.;  Ion.  127°  E. 

Kabrowa,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  Gabrova. 

Kabshary,  k&b^shi'ree,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Bornoo, 
on  the  Yeoo,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kooka.  Lat.  13°  N. ; 
Ion,  13°  10'  E. 

Kabu,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Kaboo. 

Kabul,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Kachao,  a  city  of  Anam.     See  Eetcbo. 

Kachar,  a  district  of  India.     See  Cachar. 

Kachee,  k&^chee',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  a  large  branch 
of  the  Indus,  30  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad. 

Kachemir,  or  Kachmir,  India.    See  Cashubrs. 

Kachgar,  a  city  of  Central  Asia.    See  Eashoar. 

Kachira,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kashira. 

Kachuai  -  Serai,  k&oh'ni'-SQ-ri',  or  Kuchnai  - 
Serai,  kutch^ni'-s^-ri',  a  considerable  town  of  India,  do- 
minions and  130  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gwalior. 

Kach-Roud,  Afghanistan.     See  Ehash-Rood. 

Kacunda,  or  Buddua,  Africa.    See  Eakundt. 

Kadanie,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Eaaden. 

Kadapha,  k&M&'fi,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 
Choruk  River,  S.  of  Batoom. 

Kaddirkamam,  Ceylon.    See  Eatrasah. 

Kaddo,  k&d'do,  one  of  the  Dhalak  Islands  of  the  Red 
Sea,  about  2  miles  long,  with  a  rocky  islet  off  its  W.  end. 

Kadero,  k&Mdh^ro',  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  Blue 
Nile,  3  miles  S.  of  Sennaar,  with  a  mosque. 

Kadiak,  k&d-y&k',  incorrectly  written  Kodiak,  a 
mountainous  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  part  of  Alaska, 
and  is  about  40  miles  S.  of  the  mainland.  It  is  nearly  SO 
miles  long,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Alaska 
Strait.  It  belongs  to  a  group  called  the  Eadiak  Archi- 
pelago, Ion.  151°-158°  W.  It  is  peopled  by  the  Eaniag- 
muts,  a  tribe  of  Esquimaux.  It  has  good  harbors,  with 
abundant  timber  and  pasturage,  and  is  reported  to  contain 
gold  and  amber. 

Kadiak,  a  port  of  Alaska,  on  the  island  of  Eadiak. 
Tt  has  a  Greek  church.     Here  is  an  Indian  settlement. 


Kadihat'ty,  or  Kadihati,  k-&'dee-h&'tee,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  5680. 

Kadi'na,  a  town  of  South  Australia,  about  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Wallaroo,  a  port  on  Spencer  Gulf.     Pop.  1832. 

Kadirguuge,  ki-dir-giinj',  a  town  of  British  India,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Ganges,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Furruckabad. 

Kadjang,  k&d-j&ng',  a  small  native  state,  island  of 
Celebes,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  gulf  of  that  name. 

Kadjang,  a  town  of  Celebes,  capital  of  the  above  statcv 
on  the  small  river  Eadjang,  in  about  lat.  5°  20'  S. 

Kadnikov,  or  Kadnikow,  k&d-ne-kov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vologda.  Lat 
69°  24'  N.;  Ion.  40°  50'  E.     Pop.  1583. 

Kadoe,  Kadou,  k&Moo',  or  Kedoe,  ki-doo',  a  cen- 
tralprovince  in  the  island  of  Java.     Pop,  686,802. 

Kadom,  ki-dom',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
128  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Moksha,  with  a  brisk 
trade.     Pop.  7107. 

Ka^door',  a  district  of  India,  in  Mysore.  Area,  2294 
square  miles.     Pop.  333,925. 

Kadushah,  the  Hebrew  name  of  Jerusalem. 

Ka^far',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Jebel,  15  miles  S.W.  o* 
Hayel.     Pop.  8500. 

Kafernihau,  k&-fSr-ne-haw',  or  His'sar,  a  river  of 
Toorkistan,  rises  about  lat.  39°  30'  N.,  Ion.  70°  20'  E.,  flows 
S.,  and  falls  into  the  Amoo-Darya  60  miles  N.E.  of  Balkh, 
after  a  course  of  about  210  miles. 

Kaferthal,  ki'f^r-tir,  a  viUage  of  Baden,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Mannheim.     Pop.  4036. 

Kaffa,  Caffa,  kif'fi,  or  Feodosia,  fi-o-do'se-i  (ano. 
Theodo'aia),  a  town  of  Russia,  at  the  W.  angle  of  a  mag- 
nificent bay  in  the  S.E.  of  the  Crimea.  Lat.  45°  6'  N. ;  Ion. 
35°  20'  E.  It  is  walled  and  well  fortified,  and  contains 
several  churches,  Greek,  Roman  Catholic,  and  Armenian, 
2  mosques,  a  spacious  quarantine,  a  college  for  gratuitous 
instruction,  a  botanical  garden,  a  museum,  and  a  normal 
school.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  having  been 
founded  by  a  colony  of  Greeks  from  Ionia.  In  the  Middle 
Ages  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Genoese  by  purchase, 
and  became  the  seat  of  an  extensive  commerce  with  the 
East  by  the  way  of  the  Caspian.  At  this  time  it  is  said  to 
have  had  a  population  of  80,000 ;  but,  having  been  taken 
by  the  Turks  in  1474,  its  prosperity  rapidly  declined.  At 
present  it  has  some  trade,  but  is  most  noted  as  a  place  of 
seaside  resoii..     Pop.  8482. 

Kafla,  Cafa,  or  Go'mara,  a  country  of  East  Africa, 
S.  of  Abyssinia,  between  two  heads  of  the  Gojeb  River,  near 
lat.  7°  N.,  Ion.  36°  30'  B.  It  is  an  elevated  plain,  bear- 
ing palms,  and  characterized  by  the  production,  not  of 
cereal  grains,  but  of  the  enaete,  a  plant  resembling  the 
banana.  The  appellation  of  "  grain-eater"  is  used  by  the 
inhabitants  as  a  term  of  contempt,  the  ensete  furnishing  the 
principal  article  of  food.  Eafia  is  the  native  country  of 
the  cofiee-plant  (the  kahvah  of  the  Arabs),  and  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  cofiee  exported  from  Mocha  arrives 
in  that  market  from  the  N.  frontier  of  Eaffa  and  the  S. 
part  of  Enarea.  The  people  are  of  the  Abyssinian  type ; 
their  language  belongs  to  the  Hamitic  group,  and  they 
call  themselves  Christians.  The  king— or  tata,  as  he  is 
called — rules  by  absolute  authority,  and  has  at  his  com- 
mand 10,000  horsemen.     Capital,  Bonga. 

Kaffraria,  Caffraria,  kd,f-fr&'re-&,  or  Kafirland, 
k&'fir-I&nd,  a  populous  and  fertile  region  of  Southeast 
Africa,  bordering  on  Cape  Colony  and  the  Indian  Ocean, 
now  mostly  comprised  in  the  Cape  Colony,  Zululand,  and 
Natal.  The  native  inhabitants,  called  Eaflfres  or  Gafi'res, 
in  1785  extended  their  dominion  to  Great  Fish  River,  in 
lat.  33°  27'  S.,  Ion.  27°  E.  Soon  afterwards  they  came  into 
collision  with  the  Dutch  Boers  about  600  miles  £.  from 
Cape  Town,  and  were  repulsed,  and  driven,  for  the  most 
part,  beyond  the  Eeiskamma ;  but  they  never  renounced 
their  claim  to  or  wholly  withdrew  their  cattle  from  the 
country  between  the  rivers,  which  bore  the  title  of  the 
Neutral  Territory,  till  1836,  when  the  Eeiskamma  and 
Eat  Rivers  were  fixed  definitively  as  their  W.  boundary. 
From  the  Eeiskamma  to  the  Umzimkdlu  or  Omzimkolo 
(lat.  30°  26'  S.),  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Eafi"raria,  is  a  dis- 
tance of  250  miles.  The  breadth  of  the  territory  from  the 
mountains  to  the  sea  is  from  SO  to  90  miles.  Within  the 
limits  thus  described  Eaffraria  has  an  area  of  about  20,000 
square  miles. 

The  mountains  which  run  parallel  to  the  sea-coast,  bound- 
ing Eafifraria  on  the  N,W,,  rarely  exceed  th<»  b«ught  of  3000 


KAF 


1524 


EAI 


feet.  Valuable  minerals  are  rare.  The  level  plains  ter- 
minate about  20  miles  from  the  sea ;  then  follows  a  land  of 
hill  and  dale,  extremely  varied  and  picturesque.  Numerous 
rivers  cross  this  country  to  the  sea.  Between  the  Keis- 
kamma  and  the  Great  Kei,  though  the  brooks  are  numerous 
in  the  hills,  the  lower  tracts  have  a  deficiency  of  water;  but 
this  defect  disappears  as  we  advance  to  the  N.B.  The  chief 
rivers  beyond  the  Key  are  the  Blshee,  Umtfita,  Umzim- 
vtibu,  Umtavtima,  and  Umzimktilu.  These  rivers  all  run  in 
deep  beds  with  steep  banks,  and  in  theYainy  season  they 
become  immense  torrents.  Scarcely  any  of  the  rivers  of 
KafiFraria  are  accessible  even  by  small  vessels.  The  river- 
banks  are  shaded  by  large  trees ;  in  the  small  thickets, 
scattered  over  the  elevated  grounds,  the  aloe  and  euphorbia 
are  conspicuous.  The  chief  vegetable  products  are  maize, 
millet,  and  watermelons.  From  May  to  August  it  seldom 
rains.  In  summer  the  rainy  season  sets  in  with  terrific 
thunder-storms.  In  spring  the  temperature  of  the  plains 
seldom  exceeds  50°  Fahr. ;  in  summer  it  is  between  70° 
and  90°,  and  before  storms  it  frequently  rises  to  upwards 
of  100°  Fahr. 

The  inhabitants  are  composed  of  four  principal  nations, 
namely,  the  Amak6sa,  or  Amaxosa ;  the  Amat^mbu,  called 
Tambooger  or  Tambookiesj  the  Amaponda  or  Mambookies; 
and  the  Amazulu  or  Zulus;  but  there  are  many  subordinate 
and  allied  tribes,  all  belonging  clearly  to  the  great  Bantu  or 
South  African  race. 

The  KafFres  are  tall  and  beautifully  formed,  with  fine 
eyes  and  an  open  countenance;  their  look  and  carriage  and 
all  their  movements  show  vigor  and  animation.  Their  color 
is  a  dark  iron-gray ;  except  thick  lips,  they  have  no  negro 
feature ;  their  heads  are  well  formed ;  their  hair  is  woolly 
and  in  little  tufts.  The  men,  the  chiefs  particularly,  exceed 
the  stature  of  Europeans ;  the  women,  on  the  other  hand, 
are  small,  but  elegantly  formed.  Vivacity  and  good  temper 
characterize  both  sexes.  They  are  hospitable,  intelligent, 
and  brave,  but  dishonest  and  superstitious.  They  practise 
the  rite  of  circumcision.  The  men  take  as  many  wives  as 
they  can  buy.  The  wife  provides  for  herself  a  cottage  and 
cows.  The  former  is  a  spherical  hut,  framed  of  branches 
of  trees,  plastered  with  mud,  and  covered  with  rushes  or 
palm-leaves.  Besides  attending  to  household  duties,  the 
women  do  the  work  in  the  fields,  and  prepare  the  skins 
used  for  clothing.  The  men  are  occupied  with  war  and 
their  cattle.  These  last  constitute  the  Kafifre's  wealth; 
they  are  the  constant  object  of  his  thoughts  and  admira- 
tion ;  he  is  always  happy  when  looking  on  his  cows.  He 
trains  the  bullocks  to  race,  and  constantly  rides  them. 
Milk  is  the  Kaffre's  chief  sustenance,  and  always  in  the 
curdled  state.  Venison,  beef,  marmalade  of  the  water- 
melon, and  various  fruits  season  the  Eaffre's  repast,  but  in 
small  quantity.  He  will  not  taste  small  game;  and  fish, 
with  which  the  rivers  abound,  he  holds  in  abhorrence. 
Both  sexes  are  passionately  fond  of  smoking.  The  Eaffre's 
dress  is  simple;  the  men  are  always  bareheaded,  and  wear 
a  cloak  of  skin,  which  they  wrap  close  round  them  in  winter 
with  the  hair  inside,  the  exposed  side  being  reddened  with 
ochre.  The  KaflFres  are  divided  into  hordes  and  governed 
by  hereditary  chiefs,  who  exercise  absolute  rule ;  but  latterly 
the  greater  part  of  them  have  submitted  to  the  British  and 
colonial  authority,  either  voluntarily  or  on  compulsion. 

British  Kapfraria  was  a  British  colony,  united  in  1864 
to  Cape  Colony.  Capital,  King  William's  Town.  Chief 
port,  East  London.     It  was  the  southernmost  part  of  Kaf- 

fraria  proper. Adj.  and  inhab.  Kaffrb  or  Cappre,  kif - 

f^r  or  kif'f^r. 

Kafiristan,  ki'fe-ris-tin',  Caf^fristan^  Canfi- 
ristan,  or  Kanfiristan,  kaw'fe-ris-tAn'  ("land  of 
the  Kafirs"),  a  country  of  Central  Asia,  between  lat.  35° 
and  36°  N.  and  Ion.  69°  20'  and  71°  20'  E.,  enclosed  by 
Afghanistan,  Khoondooz,  Budukhshan,  and  Chitral.  Es- 
timated area,  7000  square  miles.  It  comprises  a  part  of 
the  S.  declivity  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  and  is  traversed  by 
aflluents  of  the  Cabool  River.  Its  narrow  but  fertile  val- 
leys produce  an  abundance  of  fruits,  with  some  wheat  and 
millet,  and  feed  large  herds  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  goats.  The 
inhabitants,  called  Siah  Poah,  or  Kafirs  ("infidels"),  by 
their  neighbors,  are  a  remarkable  race,  resembling  Euro- 
peans in  their  persons  and  many  of  their  habits;  they  live 
in  a  very  rude  and  primitive  state,  and  exhibit  perpetual 
enmity  towards  Mohammedans,  by  whom  their  country  has 
been  repeatedly  invaded  but  never  conquered.  They  are 
very  skilful  as  workers  in  metals  and  wood,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished from  surrounding  tribes  by  drinking  wine,  sitting 
on  raised  seats,  exposing  their- dead  without  burial,  and  by 
using  a  language  which  resembles  the  Persian.  They  have 
fine  features  and  complexion,  and  claim  to  be  brothers  of 


the  Europeans.    The  principal  village  is  Caundaish,  with 
about  500  houses. 

Kagalnik,  k&-g&l-nik'  or  k&-g&l-neek',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Bessarabia,  enters  the  Black  Sea  a  little  N.  of  the 
Danube,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  miles.  On  its  banks 
German  and  other  colonies  have  been  established. 

Kaghazwara,  ki-gQz-wi'ri,  a  village  of  India,  in  the 
Deccan,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Aurungabad. 

Kagool,  Kagonl,  or  Kagol,  ki-gool',  a  lake  of 
Russia,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Bessarabia.  Greatest  length, 
24  miles ;  breadth,  about  9  miles. 

Kagool,  Kagal,  or  Cahnl,  k&-Gool'  or  k&-Hool', 
called  also  Formosa,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  that  part  of 
Bessarabia  retroceded  in  1878  by  Roumania,  32  miles  N. 
of  Galatz.     Pop.  6096. 

Kagosheema,  or  Kagoshima.    See  Canooziua. 

Kahan,  k&-h&n',  a  village  of  British  Burmah,  on  the 
Tenasserim  coast,  near  Mergui.     Close  to  it  are  tin-mines. 

Kaheree*  k&'ha-ree\  a  town  of  India,  district  and  28 
miles  S.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.  Lat.  31°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  70* 
67'  E.    It  has  a  ferry  across  the  Indus,  here  1000  yards  wid« 

Kahireh,  or  £1  Kahireh,  Egypt.    See  Cairo. 

Kahla,  or  Kahle,  Germany.     See  Cahla. 

Kahlenberg,  ki'l§n-bfiRG\  a  hill  in  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  a  little  N.W.  of  Vienna,  with  many  handsome 
villas.  On  its  side  Sobieski  arrived  to  the  rescue  of  Vienna 
when  besieged  by  the  Turks  in  1683. — The  Kahlenge- 
BiRGE,  k&'l^n^ga-bSSR^Gh^h,  are  the  mountains  occupied 
by  the  Wienerwald,  ♦ee'n^r-^ilt^  or  Vienna  Forest. 

Kahoolawe,  ki-hoo-l&'wee,  called  also  Tahou- 
Rawe,  Tahoorowa,  and  Tahnroa,  one  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  off  the  S.W.  point  of  Maui,  11  miles  long  and 
8  miles  wide. 

Kahnn,  k&^hoon',  a  fortified  town  of  Afghanistan,  near 
the  Nuffoosk  Pass.    Lat.  29°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  25'  E. 

Kai,  ki,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  125 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Shnn-King. 

Kai-Choo,  or  Kai-Tchoa,  kr-choo',  a  city  of  Chi- 
nese Manohooria,  8  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Leao-Tong.  Lat. 
40°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  47'  E. 

Kaieteur,  ki-^h-toor',  or  Kaiteeur,  ki-t^-ooa',  a 
cataract  of  British  Guiana.  Lat.  5°  8"  N. ;  Ion.  59°  19'  W. 
Here  the  river  Potaro  descends  822  feet,  the  first  fall  of  741 
feet  being  perpendicular.     The  volume  of  water  is  large. 

Kaifia,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Haifa. 

Kai-Fong,  Cai-Fong,  ki'-fong',  or  Kai-Fnng, 
ki*-fiing',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  Ho-Nan,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Hoang-Ho.     Lat.  39°  55'  N.;  Ion.  114°  20'  E. 

KaikandroS)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Inderabia. 

KailaS)  or  Cailas,  kriis'  ("paradise"),  the  Olympus 
of  the  Hindoos,  a  mountain-region  of  Thibet,  about  I»t.  31° 
N.,  Ion.  80°  E.,  and  comprising  the  lakes  of  Manasarowar 
and  Ravana-Hrada. 

Kailoor,  or  Kailar,  ki-loor',  one  of  the  Sutlej  hill- 
states  of  India.     Area,  448  square  miles.     Pop.  60,000. 

Kaimgaiye,  or  Kaimgaiy,  kim^giinj',  a  town  of 
India,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Furruckabad.     Pop.  8983. 

Kaill)  kin,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Scheldt,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2550. 

Kain,  Kayn,  or  Khain,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ghayit. 

Kainoora-Jikool,  or  Kainoura-DjikonI,  ki- 
noo'r&-jee-kooI',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  on  the  Falem^. 
Lat.  14°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  19'  W. 

Kainsk,  klnsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government 
of  Tomsk,  on  the  Om,  260  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tomsk.  Lat. 
55°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  40'  E.     It  has  a  trade  in  furs.     P.  5212. 

Kaipara,  ki-p&'r&,  a  fine  harbor  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  North  Island,  on  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  36°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
174°  76'  E.  Average  breadth,  from  5  to  6  miles.  It  re- 
ceives several  considerable  rivers,  including  the  Wairoa  at 
the  N.  and  the  Kaipara  at  the  S.  extremity. 

Kaira,  ki'ri,  a  walled  town  of  India,  capital  of  Kaira 
district,  265  miles  N.  of  Bombay.  Near  it  are  British  can- 
tonments.    Pop.  11,836. 

Kaira,  a  district  of  India,  in  Guzerat.  Lat.  22°  21'- 
23°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  30'-73°  27'  E.  Area,  11,561  square 
miles.   It  has  a  productive  soil.   Capital,  Kaira.    P.  782,733. 

Kairwan,  or  Cairwan,  kirV&n',  also  called  Ka- 
man,  a  city  of  Africa,  dominions  and  80  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Tunis.  It  is  the  religious  capital  of  the  regency,  if  not  of 
all  North  Africa.  Lat.  35°  37'  N.;  Ion.  10°  15' E.  Pop. 
estimated  at  15,000.  It  stands  on  a  sandy  desert  plain,  and 
has  a  large  citadel,  magnificent  mosques,  numerous  remains 
of  antiquity,  and  manufactures  of  morocco-leather  boots  and 
slippers.  In  the  eighth  and  ninth  centuries  it  was  the  cap- 
ital of  the  Arab  dominions  in  Africa.  It  has  a  large  cara- 
van-trade.    No  Jew  or  Christian  is  allowed  to  live  here. 


KAI 


1525 


KAL 


Kaisareeyeh,  Kaisariyeh,  or  Kaiseriyeh,  kl- 

i^r-ee'^h  (ano.  Csuare'a,  or  Mazaca),  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant cities  of  Asia  Minor,  in  its  E.  portion,  at  the  N. 
toot  of  Mount  Argaeus,  160  miles  E.N.E.  of  Eonieh.  Lat. 
38°  42'  N.  J  Ion.  SS"  20'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  dilapidated 
wall,  comprises  about  5000  Turkish,  2500  Armenian,  and 
500  Greek  houses,  has  a  castle,  several  mosques,  churches, 
extensive  and  well-supplied  bazaars,  and  near  it  are  re* 
mains  of  both  the  ancient  and  a  subsequent  Mohammedan 
city.  Though  its  trade  has  been  latterly  declining,  its  in- 
habitants are  still  noted  for  commercial  enterprise,  and  it  is 
the  entrepot  for  a  large  extent  of  country.  It  imports  many 
articles  of  European  manufacture,  which  it  re-exports  to  the 
chief  cities  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  with  yellow-berries,  wool, 
goats'  hair,  furs,  skins,  raw  cotton,  madder,  gums,  gall-nuts, 
leeches,  nitre,  fruit,  and  wine. 

Kaisareeyeh,  Palestine.    See  Cjisarea. 

Kaiser,  ki'z^r,  a  German  word  signifying  "emperor," 
derived  from  the  Latin  Csesar,  and  forming  a  part  of  a  num- 
ber of  names  in  Germany,  Switzerland,  &c.,  as  Kaiserbebg, 
"  emperor's  hill  (or  hill-fortress)". 

Kaiserberg,  ki'z^r-b^Ra^  or  Kaysersberg,  ki'z^rs- 
bJRG^  (L.  Cx'sarit  Mona),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on 
the  "Weiss,  8  miles  W.N.W,  of  Colmar.  Pop.  2588,  mostly 
engaged  in  cotton-manufactures. 

Kaiser  £bersdorf.    See  Ebersdorf  on  the  Danube. 

Kaiseriyah,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  Kaisareeyeh. 

Kaiserslautern,  ki'z^rs-lSwH^rn,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  on  the  Lauter,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Landau.  Pop.  22,108.  It  was  formerly  a  strong 
military  post,  and  has  iron-forges  and  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton stuffs,  a  normal  school,  and  a  Latin  school. 

Kaisersmarkt,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Keshark. 

Kaiserstuhl,  ki'z^r-stoor,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Aargau,  on  the  Rhine,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Aarau. 

Kaiserswald,  ki'z^rs-^&lt^,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  35 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1838. 

Kaiserwerth,  ki'z^r-^^Rt^  or  Kaiserswerth,  a 
10 wn  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on 
the  Rhine.  Pop.  2135.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
silk,  and  a  noted  school  for  deaconesses,  attached  to  which 
are  a  normal  school,  an  orphanage,  an  insane  hospital,  and 
a  reform-school  for  women. 

Kaisten,  kls't^n,  Ober,  o'b^r,  andlJNTER,  SSn't^r,  two 
contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  about 
10  miles  N.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1024. 

Kaita,  ki'ti,  or  Kee'tah,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Bundelcund,  50  miles  W.  of  Banda. 

Kai-Tchon,  a  city  of  China.    See  Eai-Choo. 

Kaiteenr,  British  Guiana.     See  Eaietettr. 

Kaithal,  a  town  of  India.     See  Ktthul. 

Kaits,  or  Kayts,  kits,  a  seaport  and  village  at  the  N. 
end  of  Mandetivoe  Island,  near  Ceylon.  Its  harbor  affords 
safe  anchorage  and  is  much  frequented. 

Kajaaga,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Galah. 

Kakabik'ka,  a  remarkable  cataract  of  Canada,  in  the 
course  of  the  Kaministiquia,  a  river  which,  before  enter- 
ing Lake  Superior  at  its  W.  end,  falls  over  a  mica-slate  rock 
130  feet  high. 

Kakava,  k&-k&'v&,  a  small  island  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Myra.  Lat.  36°  9'  N. ;  Ion. 
29°  5'  E.  It  has  a  port  and  roadstead,  and  remains  of  the 
ancient  Cydna. 

Kakissa,  or  Kakisia,  Turkey.     See  Karkissa. 

Kakorie,  k&-ko'ree,  a  town  of  India,  Lucknow  division. 
Pop.  8343. 

Kakundy,  k&-kun'dee,  or  Kacun'da,  written  also 
Buddua,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on  the  Nunez,  100  miles 
N.E.  of  its  mouth. 

Kakundy,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Nunez. 

Kalabagh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Caulabaoh. 

Kalabryta,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Kalavrita. 

Kalabsheh,  or  £1  Kalabshe,  h\  ki-lib'shSh  (ano. 
Tal'mis),  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  40  miles  S.  of 
A.8swan.     Lat.  23°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  65'  E. 

Kaladgi,  a  district  of  India.    See  Eulasoee. 

Kalafat,  kS,^l&-f&t',  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Dan^ 
ube,  nearly  opposite  Widin.  It  has  a  quarantine,  a  town 
hall,  a  custom-house,  3  churches,  and  cavalry  barracks.  Its 
redoubts  are  of  great  extent  and  very  strong.  This  place 
has  figured  prominently  in  several  wars.     Pop.  2280. 

Kalah,  k&'l&  (a  "  castle"),  a  prefix  to  the  name  of  numer- 
ous villages,  fortresses,  Ac,  in  West  Asia. 

Kalahari  (k&^l&-h&'ree)  Desert,  a  vast  sandy  plain 
of  South  Africa,  occupying  the  centare  of  the  continent  be- 
tween the  Zambezi  and  Orange  Rivers  for  a  distance  of 
about  600  miles,  at  an  elevation  of  3500  feet  above  the  sea. 


It  is  almost  destitute  of  water.  Lagoons  and  "  salt-pans' 
encrusted  with  salt  are  frequent  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
desert,  and  wild  but  edible  watermelons  abound  in  some 
seasons.     The  country  is  peopled  by  a  few  Bushmen. 

Kalahi-Yezd^ird,  Persia.    See  Ban-Zardah. 

Kalah- Jik,  k&'l&-jik  or  k&'l&-jeek,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Angora,  at  the  base  of  a  conical 
hill  crowned  by  a  castle,  and  stated  to  have  9000  people. 
It  was  taken  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  in  his  invasion  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  subsequently  sacked  by  the  Turkish  troops. 

Kalah-Sefeed,  Kalah-Sefid,  k&'l&-sSf-eed',  or 
Kalah-Sifid,  k&'l&-se-feed',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Fars,  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sheeraz. 

Kaiah-Sherkat,  k&'l&-shdr^k&t',  an  ancient  town  of 
Turkish  Koordistan,  on  the  Tigris,  30  miles  E.  of  Al-Hadhr. 

Kalaichi,  k&-li'chee,  or  Kolachi,  ko-l&'ohee,  a  town 
of  India,  near  the  Indus,  district  and  30  miles  S.  of  Dera 
Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  9921. 

Kalama,  ka-l&'ma,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cowlitz  co., 
Washington,  is  on  the  Columbia  River,  40  miles  N.  of  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  70  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  is  105  miles  S.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  printing-office,  and  a  maohine-shop  in  which 
the  railroad  company  manufacture  cars.  The  steamers  of 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  connect  here  with 
the  railroad  trains. 

Kalamaki,  k&-l&-m&'kee,  a  bay  of  Asia  Minor,  lat.  36° 
10'  N.,  Ion.  29°  28'  E.,  near  the  head  of  which  are  the  ruins 
of  the  aqueduct  of  the  ancient  Patara. 

Kalamata,  or  Calamata,  k&-l&-m&'t&,  a  seaport 
town  of  Greece,  capital  of  Messenia,  near  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Koron.  Pop.  6327.  It  has  a  brisk  trade  in  oil, 
silk,  and  figs,  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

Kalamazoo,  kaPa-ma-zoo',  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Portage  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  forests,  and  small 
lakes.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak  and  sugar- 
maple.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  wool,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  the  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  others,  of  which  several 
communicate  with  Kalamazoo,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
32,054;  in  1880,  34,342;  in  1890,  39,273. 

Kalamazoo,  a  city,  capital  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich., 
is  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley,  in  Kalamazoo  township, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad  and  the  Ealamazoo  division  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  49  miles  S.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  68  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  and  140  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chicago.  Here  is  the  Ealamazoo  College  (Baptist),  which 
was  organized  in  1855  and  has  a  library  of  3000  volumes. 
This  city  contains  also  27  churches,  a  public  library,  the 
Michigan  Female  Seminary,  organized  in  1866,  2  business 
colleges,  the  large  and  expensive  edifice  of  the  state  asylum 
for  the  insane  (with  about  1000  inmates),  4  national  banks, 
2  other  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
4  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  10  hotels,  2  theatres,  the 
Holly  system  of  water-works,  is  lighted  by  gas  and  elec- 
tricity, has  80  manufacturing  establishments  employing 
5000  operatives,  eight  miles  of  street-railway,  10  public 
school  buildings,  4  private  schools,  40  incorporated  com- 
panies with  a  capital  of  over  $4,000,000,  annual  products 
valued  at  $6,000,000,  annual  wages  amounting  to  $1,500,000, 
and  five  railroads.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,937  j  in  1890,  17,853. 

Kalamazoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Neb.,  in 
Schoolcraft  township,  28  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church. 

Kalamazoo  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Hillsdale  co., 
and  runs  northwestward  through  Calhoun  co.  Its  general 
direction  is  W.N.W.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Ealamazoo 
and  Allegan,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Saugatuok.  It 
is  nearly  200  miles  long.  Boats  of  50  tons  can  ascend  it 
about  36  miles.  The  chief  towns  on  this  river  are  Mar- 
shall, Ealamazoo,  Battle  Creek,  and  Allegan. 

Kalamo,  an  island  of  the  ^gean  Sea.     See  Ealimnu. 

Kal'amo,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Eal- 
amo  township,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
brick  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about 
200  ;  of  the  township,  1401. 

Kalani,  Kelani,  ka-l&'nee,  or  Kallania,  k&l-l&'- 
ne-a,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Ceylon,  situated  on  th« 
Ealani-Gunga,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Colombo. 


EAL 


1526 


EAL 


Kalani-Gnnga,  or  Kelani-Ganga,  k%-14'nee- 
gfin'g^,  a  river  of  Ceylon,  enters  the  ocean  3  miles  N.  of 
Colombo,  after  a  W.  course  of  60  miles. 

Kalanna^  ki-lin'ni,  a  town  of  Soodan,  capital  of  the 
kingdom  of  its  own  name,  about  250  miles  S.S. W.  of  Tim- 
buctoo. 

Kalantan,  or  Calantan,  ki-l4n-tin',  a  state  of  the 
Malay  Peninsula,  extending  along  its  E.  coast,  and  paying 
a  small  yearly  tribute  to  Slam.  Estimated  pop.  50,000. 
The  produce  comprises  tin  and  pepper,  with  some  gold  and 
lead.  Principal  town,  Kalantan,  on  a  beatable  river,  lat. 
«"  16'  N.,  Ion.  101°  52'  E. 

Kalaro'a,  or  Kalaru'a,  a  town  of  Bengal,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Calcutta,  on  a  large  beatable  channel  of  the  Ganges 
delta.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  rice-trade.     Pop.  5937. 

Kala-Sefid,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kalah-Sefekd. 

Kalasin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Koliazin. 

Kalat,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     See  Kelat. 

Kalat-eNMndik,  kS.-l5.t'-5l-mud-ik',  written  also 
Kulat-el-Medyk,  a  town  of  Syria,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Aleppo,  near  the  ancient  Apamea. 

Kalatoa,  ki-l^-to'i,  an  island  in  the  Flores  Sea,  be- 
tween Flores  and  Celebes.     Lat.  7°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  121°  43'  E. 

Kalaa^  or  Calau,  ki'low,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2809. 

KalaTrita^or  Kalabryta,  k&-l&-rree't&  (anc.  Oynm'- 
tha),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  near  the  foot  of  Mount 
Khelmos,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Patras.     Pop.  2272. 

Kalbe,  k&I'b^h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Magde- 
burg, on  the  Saale,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Magdeburg.  It 
has  manufactures  of  sugar,  paper,  oil,  machinery,  woollens, 
yam,  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  7951. 

Kalbe,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Magdeburg,  17 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Salzwedel.     Pop.  1682. 

Kaldenkirchen,  kil'd^n-kSSRS^^n,  a  village  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kempen.     Pop.  3024. 

Kalefat,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Ealafat. 

Kaleh,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Toprak-Kulah. 

Kalenberg,  or  Calenberg,  k&'li^n-bdRG^  a  former 
principality  of  Germany,  comprising  the  city  of  Hanover. 
It  owed  its  name  to  a  village  and  ruined  castle  on  the 
Leine,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hanover. 

Kalesura,  ki-U-soo'r&,  a  village  of  India,  in  the 
Punjab,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Attock.  Lat.  33°  44'  N.;  Ion. 
72°  49'  E. 

Kalgan,  k&^g&n'  (a  "gate"),  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  125  miles  N.W.  of  Peking,  lat.  40° 
50'  N.,  Ion.  115°  3'  E.,  and  near  the  Great  Wall.  It  is  very 
populous,  and  is  divided  by  a  river  into  a  Mongol  and  a 
Chinese  town,  both  of  which  are  fortified. 

Kalguev,  Kalgonev,  kil-goo-4v'  or  k41-gwSv',  or 
Kolgnev,  kol-goo-lv',  written  also  KalgujeW)  an  island 
of  Russia,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  69°  N. ;  Ion.  49°  E. 
Length  and  breadth,  45  miles  each.  It  is  peopled  only  by 
a  few  Samoyed  families,  but  yields  large  quantities  of  skins, 
eggs,  and  feathers. 

Kalhat,  kil-hS,t',  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Muscat,  on  the  Arabian  Sea. 

Kali,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sind. 

Kalib  Rocks,  Mediterranean.     See  Case  Islands. 

Kali'da,  a  post-village  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Centre  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Humboldt.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Kalida,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ot- 
tawa River,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  drug-store,  and  3  other  stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

Kalig«iige,or  Kaliganj,  kare-gftnj',  a  municipality 
of  Bengal,  45  miles  E.  of  Calcutta,  at  the  junction  of  two 
navigable  channels  of  the  Ganges  delta.  It  has  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  3485. 

Kalihari  Desert,  Africa.    See  Kalahari  Desert. 

KalUkach'ha,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah.  Lat. 
24°  5'  13"  N.;  Ion.  91°  9'  E.     Pop.  3928. 

Kalimno,Kalymno,k8,-lim'no,Calamo,ka,-lS,'mo, 
or  Calynda,  ki-Un'da,  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Cos.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  27° 
B.  Kalimno,  or  Calamo,  its  chief  town,  is  on  its  W.  coast. 
It  has  a  large  sponge-fishery. 

Kalin'ga,  a  town  of  Bengal,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta. 
Pop.  15,687. 

Kalisz,  Kalish,  or  Kalisch,  ki'lish,  written  also 
Kalice,  a  city  of  Poland,  and  the  westernmost  in  the 
Russian  dominions,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name, 
on  an  island  in  the  Prosna,  130  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw. 
Pop.  16,957,  comprising  2500  Jews.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  citadel,  the  former  palace  of  the  waywode,  the 
cathedral,  many  other  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  theatre. 


and  several  hospitals.     It  has  superior  schools,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  leather,  Ac. 

Kalis z,  a  government  of  Russian  Poland,  bounded  W. 
by  Prussia.  Area,  4391  square  miles.  Capital,  Kaliss. 
Pop.  707,418. 

Haljasin,  Russia.    See  Kaltasiit. 

Kalk,  k&Ik,  an  eastern  suburb  of  Deutz,  in  Prussia, 
with  large  manufactories.     Pop.  8498. 

Kalkandere,  k&l-k&n-d4'r&,  called  also  Kalkal> 
deln  and  Kalkandelen,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Albania. 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Prisrend.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Kalkar,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Calcar. 

Kalkas  Country,  Mongolia.   See  Khalkas  Country. 

Kalkas'ka,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Man- 
istee River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Grand  Traverse 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &,  In- 
diana and  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroads.  Capital, 
Kalkaska.    Pop.  in  1870,  424 ;  in  1880,  2937 ;  in  1890,  5160. 

Kalkaska,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kalkaska  oo., 
Mich.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  136  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  24  miles  E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
of  farming-implements,  lumber,  wooden-ware,  i&c.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1161. 

Kalkoon,  k&l-koon',  or  Tnr'key  Isles,  a  group  of 
islets  in  the  Java  Sea,  N.E.  of  Kangelung.  Lat.  6°  31'  S.; 
Ion.  115°  29'  E. 

Kallabagh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Caulabagh. 

Kallakandi,  k&l-l&-k&n'dee,  a  town  of  West  Africa, 
N.  of  Dahomey,  about  70  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Adafoodis 
Lat.  12°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  18'  E. 

Kallania,  a  village  of  Ceylon.     See  Kalani. 

Kallavesi,  k&l-l&-%<l'see,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Finland, 
circle  of  Kuopio.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E., 
about  24  miles ;  mean  breadth,  about  6  miles. 

Kallee-Nnddee,  k&l'lee-niid'dee,  two  rivers  of  India. 
I.  {East),  between  the  Gkinges  and  the  Jumna,  has  its  rise  in 
lat.  29°  19'  N.,  Ion.  77°  51'  E.  Elevation,  900  feet  above 
the  sea.  Total  course,  540  miles.  It  falls  into  the  Ganges 
in  lat.  27°  1'  N.,  Ion.  80°  3'  E.  II.  (  West),  rises  in  lat.  30° 
N.,  Ion.  77°  47'  E.  Elevation,  1000  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
falls  into  an  affluent  of  the  Jumna,  in  lat.  29°  13'  N.,  Ion.  77<* 
35'  E.  Total  course,  120  miles.  Several  other  East  Indian 
rivers  are  called  by  this  name. 

Kal'lerville,  or  Kel'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Adams  co.,  111.,  8  miles  S.  of  Clayton  Railroad  Station, 

Kallinger,  or  Kallindshnr,  India.    See  Callinber. 

Kallmiinz,  k&U'miints,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1262. 

Kalio,  or  Nagy  Kallo,  nSdj  k&rio'  (t.e.,  "Great 
Kallo"),  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Debreczin.  Pop.  5835,  mostly  Protestants.  It  has  Greek 
and  Protestant  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  saltpetre. 

Kal'loch,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  138  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lawrence. 

KallsiOen,  k&ll'se-o^^n,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  Isen  of  Jemtland,  15  miles  long  by  about 
9  miles  broad.  It  is  enclosed  by  lofty  mountains,  and 
communicates  with  Lake  Storsion  on  the  S.E. 

Kallnndborg,  or  Callandborg,  k&l'loond-boRe\  a 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Seeland,  58  miles  W. 
of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  2673. 

Kalmar,  k&l'mar,  a  Isen  of  Sweden,  extending  along 
the  coast  of  the  Baltic,  between  lat.  56°  20'  and  68°  20'  N. 
and  Ion.  15°  30'  and  17°  E.  Area,  including  the  island  of 
Oland,  4258  square  miles.    Capital,  Kalmar.    Pop.  241,939. 

Kalmar,  or  Calmar,  a  fortified  city  of  Sweden,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  Isen,  on  Kalmar  Sound,  opposite  the  island 
of  Oland,  190  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  a  railway.  Pop.  10,009.  It  stands  on  the  island 
of  Quamholm,  and  communicates  with  a  suburb  on  the 
mainland  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a 
town  hall,  a  prefecture,  a  strong  castle,  now  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, an  academy,  a  gymnasium,  a  dock-yard,  a  small 
but  secure  harbor,  a«d  manufactures  of  woollen  stuff's,  to- 
bacco, and  potash. 

Kal'mar,  a  township  of  Olmsted  oo.,  Minn.  Pop.  897. 
It  contains  Byron. 

Kalmar  (k&l'mar)  Sound,  a  strait  of  the  Baltic  Sea, 
separating  the  island  of  Oland  from  the  mainland. 

KaPmeswar',  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  in 
the  division  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  5339. 


KAL 


1527 


KAM 


Kal'mia^  a  hamlet  of  Sohuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Reading  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Tower  City.  Here 
ooal  is  mined. 

Kalmina^  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Calmina. 

Kalmius,  kil-me-oos'  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Yekatcrinoslav,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  nearly  90 
miles,  falls  into  the  Sea  of  Azof  at  Mariopol. 

Kalmucks,  a  tribe  of  Asia.     See  Calmucks. 

Kalneh,  a  town  of  Mesopotamia.     See  Kerkesiab. 

Kalocsa,  k5hUoch'5h\  or  Colocza,  koMots'5h\  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  68  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Danube.  Pop.  16,302.  It  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  and  has  a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  gymna- 
sium.    It  was  formerly  a  town  of  much  importance. 

Kalo-Gunga,  a  river  of  Ceylon.     See  Kaluqanga. 

Kalolimno,  k&-lo-lim'no,  a  small  island  in  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Constantinople. 

Kalooga,  Kalouga,  or  Kaluga,  k&-loo'g&,  a  gov- 
ernment of  European  Russia,  near  its  centre,  bounded  S. 
by  Toola,  W.  by  Smolensk,  and  N.  by  Moscow.  Area, 
11,927  square  miles.  The  surface  is  flat.  The  chief  crops 
are  rye,  oats,  wheat,  barley,  lint,  and  hemp.  The  horses 
are  excellent.  The  manufactures  comprise  metallic  goods 
and  cutlery,  cloth,  cotton,  leather,  beet-root  sugar,  and 
soap.  Distilling  is  carried  on  to  a  vast  extent.  The  com- 
merce is  principally  with  Archangel.  Exports,  oil  and 
spirits.     Capital,  Kalooga.     Pop.  996,252. 

Kalooga,  Kalouga,  or  Kaluga,  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  the  government  of  the  same  name,  95  miles  S.W. 
of  Moscow,  on  the  Oka.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has 
23  churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  seminary,  a  foundling  hospi- 
tal, and  a  house  of  correction.  Kalooga  is  one  of  the  most 
important  manufacturing  towns  of  the  empire.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  produced  are  muskets,  sail-cloth  for  the  navy, 
oil,  paper,  cotton,  pottery,  soap,  and  vitriol.  It  has  numer- 
ous tanneries  and  sugar-refineries,  and  a  commerce  in  sheep- 
skins, leather,  and  wax.  It  is  a  place  of  compulsory  resi- 
dence for  political  ofifenders  of  high  rank.     Pop.  38,608. 

Kaloo  (kiMoo')  Pass,  in  Central  Asia,  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bamian,  on  the  route  from  Cabool.     Height,  12,480  feet. 

Kaloyeri,  k&-lo-y&'ree,  a  small  desert  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  midway  between  Andro  and  Scio. 

Kalpee,  or  Calpee,  kil'pee,  a  large  and  populous 
town  of  British  India,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Cawnpoor,  on  the 
Jumna,  the  navigation  of  which  is  commanded  by  its  fort. 
It  is  an  entrepQt  for  cotton,  and  has  manufactures  of  paper 
ami  sugar-candy.     Pop.  21,812. 

Kalpeni,  kil-pi'nee,  two  of  the  Laccadive  Islands,  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  India,  joined  by  a  reef 
above  water.     Lat.  (S.  point)  10°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  35'  E. 

Kalpitaje,  or  Kalpitiya,  Ceylon.    See  Galpentyn. 

Kalsee,  kil'see,  a  town  of  India,  in  Gurhwal,  on  the 
Upper  Jumna,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Hurdwar.  Lat.  30°  32' 
N. ;  Ion.  77°  50'  E.  It  is  a  principal  mart  for  the  country 
between  the  Sutlej  and  Tons  Rivers. 

Kaltbrunnen,  kilt'brSSn^n^n  ("cold  springs"),  a  vil- 
lage of  Switzerland,  23  miles  S.W.  of  St,  Gall.     Pop.  1453. 

Kaltenbrunn,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Hidegkut. 

Kalten-Nordheim,  kil't^n-noRd'hime,  or  simply 
Nordheim,  a  town  of  Saxe- Weimar,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eisenach.     Pop.  1527. 

Kaltenstein,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Level. 

Kalten-Sundheim,  kil'ten-sdont'hime,  a  village  of 
Saxe-Weimar,  3  miles  S.  of  Kalten-Nordheim.     Pop.  968. 

Kaltenwesten,  kart§n-^5sH§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  19  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1462, 

Kalterherberg,  kil't^r-hSR^blRO,  a  village  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.    Pop.  1400. 

Kaltern,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Caldaho. 

Kaluga,  government  and  town,  Russia.    See  Kalooga. 

Kaluganga,  kiMoo-gun'ga,  or  Ka'lo-Gnn'ga,  a 
river  of  Ceylon,  reaching  the  sea  at  Caltura.  It  is  boat- 
able  40  miles. 

Kalumull^,  ka-loo-mul'li,  a  small  town  of  Ceylon, 
about  4  miles  S.  of  Caltura.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Kaluschin,  or  Kalnszyn,  ki-loo-sheen',  a  town  of 
Poland,  33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  7246. 

Kalusz,  ki'loosh,  a  town  of  Austrian  Qalicia,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Stry.     It  has  salt-works.     Pop.  6060. 

Kalutara,  a  town  of  Ceylon.    See  Caltura. 

Kalvorde,  kil'voRMeh,  a  village  of  Germany,  capital 
of  a  detached  territory,  grand  duchy  and  34  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Brunswick.     Pop.  2092. 

Kalw,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Calw. 

Kalwarya,  kil-M're-i,  or  Kalwary,  k&l--*i'ree,  a 
town  of  Poland,  government  and  24  miles  N.E.  of  Suwalki. 
Pop.  9420.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 


Kalyasin,  or  Kaljasin,  kJLl-y&s'in,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tver,     Pop.  7167. 

Kalymno,  an  island  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kalimno. 

Kalyoob,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Galyoob. 

Kalyoobeyeh,  Egypt.    See  Galyoobeeyeh. 

Kalyvia,  or  Kalybea,  ki-le-vee'i,  a  village  of  Greece, 
in  Boeotia,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Arakhova. 

Kam,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Kama,  k&'m&,  a  river  of  European  Russia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Viatka,  N.E.  of  Glazow,  flows  through  the 
government  of  Perm,  and  S.W.  between  Viatka  and  Oren- 
boorg,  joining  the  Yolga  40  miles  S.  of  Kazan,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  1400  miles.  One  of  its  affluents  is  connected 
with  an  affluent  of  the  Dwina  by  a  canal  12  miles  in 
length;  and  it  forms  an  important  line  of  traffic  between 
the  countries  of  the  south  and  those  around  the  White  Sea. 

Ka'ma,  or  Koo'ner,  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  joins 
the  Cabool  River  in  Afghanistan,  10  miles  E.  of  Jelalabad, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  220  miles  through  Chitral  and 
Kafiristan. 

Kama,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu.    Pop.  3404. 

Kamai,  ka-mi',  a  post-office  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho. 

Kamak,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Keuakh. 

Kamakoora,  Kamakoura,  or  Kamakura,  k&- 
mS,-koo'ri,  a  small  island  of  Japan,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Hondo. 

Kamal,  k&-m3,r,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on 
the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura,  with  a  good  haven. 

Kamalia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kot-Kamalia. 

Kamalia,  k&-m&'lee^&,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in  the 
Mandingo  country.     Lat.  12°  47'  N. 

Kamaran,  or  Camaran,  k&-m&-r&n',  an  island  ofl 
the  W.  coast  of  Arabia,  20  miles  S.  of  Loheia,  in  a  bay  of 
the  Red  Sea.     Length,  13  miles. 

Kamas,  k&'mas,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  27 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Echo  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Kamba'lia,  Seraia,  or  Serryah,  s^r-i'y^,  a  town, 
with  an  excellent  port,  in  Kattywar,  India,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Gulf  of  Cutch. 

Kambaln,  China.    See  Cambaldc. 

Kambangan,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Kbubangan. 

Kambara,  k&m-b&'r&,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.  Lat. 
(S.  point)  18°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  52'  W. 

Kambay,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cambay. 

Kamberg,  k&m'b^RG,  a  town  of  Pnissia,  22  miles  E 
of  Nassau.     Pop.  2159. 

Kambing,  or  Kambong,  island.    See  Cakbino. 

Kamboja,  Indo-China.    See  Cambodia. 

Kambnrg,  or  Camburg,  k&m'b55R6,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the  Saale,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Weimar.     Pop.  1964. 

Kambnri,  a  town  of  Siam.     See  Camboorie. 

Kamchatka,  Kamtchatka,  or  Kamtschatka, 
k&m-ch&t'ka,  a  peninsula  in  the  N.E.  of  Asia,  attached  to 
the  Russian  government  of  Primorsk.  It  extends  between 
lat.  51°  and  59°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  155°  40'  and  164°  20'  E., 
bounded  E.  by  the  Sea  of  Kamchatka,  S.  by  the  Pacific,  W. 
by  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  and  N.  by  the  country  of  the  Chook- 
chees.  Length,  850  miles ;  breadth  very  irregular, — in  the 
middle  and  widest  part,  280  miles,  in  the  N.  it  varies  from 
150  to  80  miles,  while  in  the  S.  it  narrows  rapidly,  termi- 
nating in  a  long  and  narrow  tongue  of  land,  which  forms 
Cape  Lopatka.  Pop.  estimated  at  6000,  of  whom  1600  are 
Russians.  Capital,  Petropaulovski,  on  the  E.  coast.  The 
surface  is  flat  in  the  N.E.,  on  all  the  W.  coast  except  at  the 
S.  point,  and  in  the  centre.  The  E.  coasts  are  deeply  in- 
dented ;  on  the  S.  they  are  steep  and  bold.  The  S.  part 
of  the  peninsula  is  covered  with  detached  volcanic  moun- 
tains, several  of  which  rise  to  a  height  of  10,000  feet.  At 
lat.  54°,  a  range  of  low  mountains  breaks  from  the  S.  group, 
and  extends  N.  throughout  the  peninsula,  at  a  distance  of 
65  miles  from  the  W.  coast,  while  a  high  range  extends  N.E. 
to  lat.  57°  N.  In  this  range  (lat.  56°  8'  N.)  is  situated  the 
culminating  point  of  the  peninsula,  Kluchevskaia  volcano, 
16,512  feet  in  elevation.  The  chief  river  is  the  Kamchatka, 
which  rises  in  lat.  54°  N.,  and  flows  northerly  through  the 
central  valley  and  E.  through  the  mountain-range  to  the 
Eastern  Sea,  in  lat.  56°.  Length,  250  miles ;  chief  affluent, 
the  Yelovka  ( Jelowka),  from  the  N.  The  principal  lake  is 
the  Kooril,  near  the  S.W.  point ;  length,  20  miles,  breadth, 
12  miles.  The  climate  is  very  severe ;  winter  lasts  9  months, 
and  frost  is  common  even  in  summer.  At  Petropaulovski, 
on  the  E.  coast,  the  mean  annual  temperature  is  only  28° 
30',  whereas  that  of  Tigil,  on  the  W.,  is  43°  Fahrenheit. 
On  an  average  of  four  years,  the  temperature  of  the  former 
was,  for  spring,  31.5°;  summer,  55.5°;  harvest,  37.5°, 
and  winter,  19°.     In  very  severe  frolt  the  temperature  falls 


KAM 


1528 


KAN 


far  below  this  winter  average.  On  the  Kamchatka  River, 
in  the  interior,  where  protected  by  mountains,  the  climate 
is  milder;  here  the  larch  grows,  and  small  quantities  of 
rye,  barley,  and  pot-herbs  are  cultivated.  The  scanty  popu- 
lation live  chiefly  on  the  produce  of  hunting  and  fishing. 
Among  the  wild  animals  are  reindeer,  sheep,  bears,  otters, 
and  beavers.  The  export  of  goods  is  conducted  on  sledges 
drawn  by  dogs.  The  exports  comprise  sable-,  fox-,  and 
other  skins,  whale  oil,  fish,  and  eggs.  The  imports  are  rice, 
flour,  colonial  goods,  and  spirits.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with 
Okhotsk.     Kamchatka  was  discovered  and  conquered  by 

the  Russians  between  1696  and  1706. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Kamchat'kak  and  Kam^chadalb'. 

Kameer,  Kamir,  ki'meer',  Cam^meer',  or  Kha- 
mir,  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  opposite  the 
island  of  Kishm.     Lat.  27°  0'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  40'  E. 

Kamel,  ki-mSl',  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Foota-Damga, 
on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  32'  N.;  Ion.  12°  55'  W. 
Kamen,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Camen. 
Kamenetz,  or  Kamenez,  Russia.    See  Kamienibc. 
Kamenitz,  or  Kamenicze,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Moravia,  11  miles  E.  of  Iglau.     Pop.  1745. 

Katuenitz,  ka'm4n-its\  or  Kamenicze,  ki'mi- 
neet'si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  B.S.B.  of  Tabor. 
Pop.  2206. 

Kamenitz,  or  Kamenicze)  a  town  of  Hungary,  on 
the  Danube,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  1950. 

Kamenitza,  ki-mi-nit'si,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  on  the  Kamenitza  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Patras. 

Kamenoi-Ostrov,  kl-mi-noi'-os-trov',  an  island  of 
Russia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neva,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland, 
with  an  imperial  summer  palace. 

Kamenoi-Ostrov,  an  island  of  Russia,  in  the  Caspian 
Sea,  near  Gooriev,  in  the  government  of  Orenboorg. 

Kamenskaya,  or  Kamenskaia,  k&-mdn-8k&'yfi,,  a 
town  of  Russia,  75  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Novo-Cherkask. 

Kamenskoe,  ki-mdn'8ko-&\  a  village  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, province  of  Okhotsk,  near  the  Kamchatka  frontier.  It 
has  an  important  market. 

Kamenskoi,  ki-min-skoi',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, government  of  Perm,  40  miles  S.  of  Kamishlov.     Here 
are  imperial  iron-works  and  a  cannon-foundry. 
Kamenz,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Cauenz. 
Kamet,  Himalayas.     See  Ibi  Gauin. 
Kamieuiec,  kim-ySn'yfits\  written  also  Kaminl- 
etz,  Kamenetz,  and  Kamenez,  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Podolia,  on  the  Smotrisch,  235  miles  N.W.  of 
Odessa.     Pop.  35,840.     It  is  the  see  of  Greek  and  Catholic 
bishops,  and  has  a  theological  seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and 
public  schools.     The  chief  edifice  is  the  cathedral  of  St. 
Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
Kamii'che,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Washington. 
Kamin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Cahhin. 
Kamionka  Strzumilowa,  k&-me-on'k&  strzhoo-me- 
lo'^k,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Bug,  27  miles  N.E. 
of  Lemberg.     Pop.  3862. 
Kamir,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kaueer. 
Kamishin,  or  Kamischyn,  k&-me-shin'  or  k&-me- 
sheen',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  106  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga,  here  joined  by  the  Kamishinka. 
Lat.  50°  5'  N.  j  Ion.  45°  20'  E.     It  was  founded  by  Peter 
the  Great  in  1710,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  wall.    Pop.  15,698. 
Kamishlov,  Kamyschlow,  k&-mish-lov',  or  Ka- 
mnschlov,  ki-moosh-lov',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in 
Perm,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Shadrinsk.     Pop.  2164. 

Kam'ioops,  a  trading-post  in  the  district  of  Yale, 
British  Columbia,  233  miles  from  New  Westminster,  be- 
longing to  the  Hudson  Bay  Company. 

Kamm,  kimm,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Wallo,  on 
the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  28'  N.;  Ion.  16°  12'  W. 
Kammenoi-Ostrov,  Russia.    See  Kamenoi-Ostrov. 
Kam'merer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Monongahela  City.     It  has  3  churches 
and  a  flour-mill. 
Kammersee,  Austria.    See  Attersee. 
Kammerswaldau,  ka,m'm§rs-MPd5w,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1295. 
Kamnig,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Stein. 
Kamnitz,  kim'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Leitmeritz.     It  has  manufactures  of  glass,  paper,  and 
cotton.     Pop.  3841. 
Kamorta,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands.    See  Camorta. 
Kamoaraska,  ki-moo-ras'ka,  a  county  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  bounded   N.  by'  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
watered  by  the  Walloostook,  Kamouraaka,  and  St.  Francis 
Rivers.    Area,  1018  square  miles.     Capital,  Kamouraska. 
Pop.  21,264. 


Kamouraska,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  th« 
00.  of  Kamouraska,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  4i  miles  from  St. 
Paschal,  and  90  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  is  much  frequented 
during  the  summer  months  for  its  fine  sea-bathing.  It  con- 
tains a  convent  and  several  stores.     Pop.  797. 

Kamouraska,  a  group  of  small  rocky  islets  of  Quebec, 
in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kamou- 
raska River. 

Kamouraska  River,  of  Quebec,  flows  N.N.W. 
through  a  county  of  the  same  name,  and  falls  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  about  lat.  47°  33'  N.,  Ion.  69°  43'  W. 

Kamp,  Netherlands.     See  Cauperduin. 

Kampen,  k&m'p^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  la 
Overyssel,  on  the  Yssel,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
9  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Zwolle.  It  has  remains  of  its 
former  defences,  and  is  intersected  by  sundry  canals.  Among 
its  buildings  are  an  elegant  town  house,  a  custom-house, 
churches,  hospitals,  and  schools.  Anciently  it  was  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  of  the  Hanse  towns;  and  it  still  has 
a  good  trade.  Its  manufactures  comprise  damask,  calico, 
plush,  blankets,  ropes,  earthenware,  scythes,  tiles,  bricks, 
spirits,  Ac.     Pop.  15,114. 

Kampes'ka,  a  post- village  of  Codington  co.,  S.D.,  on 
Lake  Kampeska,  S  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has 
a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  elevator. 
Lake  Kampeska  is  15  miles  in  circuit. 

Kamps'ville,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Pearl  Depot. 

Kamp'tee,  Kamp'ta,  or  Kam'tee,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Nagpoor.  It  has  important 
cantonments  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  50,930. 

Kamp  veer,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Vbbb. 

Kamrup,  India.    See  Cavroop. 

Kamtchatka,  Asia.     See  Kamchatka. 

Kamuschlov,  or  Kamyschlow.    See  Kamishlov. 

Ka^uab',  a  post-village  of  Kane  cO.,  Utah,  200  miles 
from  York  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  500. 

Kan^abec',  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  522  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Snake 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Grindstone  and  Knife  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  pine,  sugar-maple,  iic.  The  soil  produces  wheat, 
oats,  and  grass.  The  Great  Northern  Railway  traverses  this 
county.    Capital,  Mora.    Pop.  in  1880,  605;  in  1890,  1579. 

Kanadei,  k&-n&-d&'ee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  88  miles  S.W.  of  Simbeersk,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga. 

Kanaga,  k&-n&'g&,  or  Konniaga,  kon-ne-&'g&,  one 
of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  lat.  52°  4'  N..  Ion.  176°  50'  W., 
about  22  miles  long  and  11  or  12  miles  wide.  The  N.  part 
of  the  island  exhibits  a  high  volcano. 

Kanaga wa,  k&-n&-g&'w&,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Bay  of  Tokio,  and  on  the  railway  from  Tokio 
to  Yokohama,  16  miles  S.  of  Tokio,  and  3  miles  N.  of 
Yokohama,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  lagoon.  It 
has  a  fort  and  barracks,  and  is  nominally  one  of  the  treaty- 
ports  of  Japan ;  but  Yokohama  is  the  real  seat  of  its  com- 
merce, and  since  the  rise  of  the  last-named  town  Kanagawa 
has  declined  in  importance.     Pop.  4000. 

Kanala,  New  Caledonia.    See  Canala. 

Kanar,  a  river  of  India.     See  Gogsra. 

Kanara,  India.  See  North  Canara  and  Sotith  Canara. 

Kanarak,  kl-ni-rik',  or  Kunnarnc,  kun-nl-ruk' 
(the  "black  pagoda"),  an  ancient  maritime  village  of 
British  India,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuttack.  Here  are  the 
splendid  ruins  of  a  large  Hindoo  temple,  long  deserted. 

Kanaran'zie,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     P.  152. 

Kanarische  Inseln,  the  German  for  the  Canaries. 

Kanar'raville,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  Utah. 

Kanary  (ki-ni'ree)  Isles,  a  cluster  of  small  islands 
in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Gilolo 
Passage.  The  larger,  or  Grand  Kanary,  is  in  lat.  1°  48'  S., 
Ion.  129°  34'  E. 

Kanathia,  ki-ni'the-i,  one  of  the  most  E.  of  the 
Feejee  Islands.    Lat.  17°  15' S.;.  Ion.  179°  9' W.    It  is  from 
3  to  4  miles  in  length. 
Kanauj ,  India.    See  Kanoje. 

Kanawha,  ka-naw'wa,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
West  Virginia,  has*  an  area'  of  about  825  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Great  Kaiiawha  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Coal,  Elk,  and  Pocotalico  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests, 
and  presents  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products,  and  salt  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This 
county  has  valuable  mines  of  bituminous  eoal.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  and  Ohio  Central  Rail- 


KAN 


1529 


KAN 


roads.  Capital,  Charleston.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,349;  in  1880, 
32,466;  in  1890,  42,756. 

Kanawha^  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  6  miles 
from  Willow  Station. 

Kanawha  Court-House,  "W.Va.  See  Charleston. 

Kanawha  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Kanawha  River,  about  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Gauley.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  Here 
is  a  station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Kanawha  Head,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Kanawha  River.    See  Great  Kanawha. 

Kanawha  Saline,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Kanawha  River,  6  miles  above  Charleston, 
and  at  Alden  Station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  large  salt-works,  a  coal-mine,  and  4  churches. 

Kanawha  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg. 

Kanayanur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cananore. 

KanayaAva,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Kanagawa. 

Kanchain-Gunga,  Asia.    See  Kunchain-Junoa. 

Kan'Choo,  or  Kan-Tchou,  kin^-choo',  written  also 
Kan-Chow,orKan-Tcheou-Fou,k8,n^-ch5-oo^-foo', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  near  the  N.W.  fron- 
tier and  the  Great  Wall.  Lat.  39°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  40'  E. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollens.  It  corresponds  to  the 
Kampion  of  Marco  Polo. 

Kan-Choo,  or  Kan-Tchon,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Kiang-See,  on  the  Kan-Kiang  River.  Lat.  25°  52' 
43"  N.;  Ion.  114°  50'  E.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  well 
built,  and  has  several  temples,  with  manufactures  of  ink 
and  varnish,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

Kan-Chow,k4n^-chow',  orKan-Tcheou,k4n^-ch4- 
oo',  a  seaport  town  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  a 
email  river,  near  the  Yellow  Sea. 

Kandaboo,  Kandabon,  k&nM&-boo',  or  Kanta- 
vu,  kin-ti-voo',  the  most  S.W.  of  the  Feejee  Islands.  Lat. 
19°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  177°  57'  W.  It  is  25  miles  long,  and  moun- 
tainous.    Pop.  10,000. 

Kandah,  k&n'd&,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of 
Cutch  Gundava,  23  miles  E.  of  Gundava. 

Kandahar,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Candahar. 

Kandalaska  Gulf.    See  Gulf  of  Kandalasea. 

Kandel,  kSiU'd^l,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Black  Forest, 
In  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.     BTeight,  4160  feet. 

Kandel,  Candel,  k&n'd^l,  or  Langen-Kandel, 
Idng'en-k&n'd^l,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Landau,  on  the  Diirbach.     Pop.  3058. 

Kandern,  k&n'd^rn,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1396. 

Kandhar,  k&n-dar',  a  town  of  the  Boglipoor  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  10,502. 

Kandia,  kin'de-g,,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Prov- 
inces, Meerut  division.     Pop.  11,969. 

Kandili,  k&n'de-lee\  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
shore  of  the  Bosporus,  near  Scutari,  is  remarkable  for  its 
picturesque  views. 

Kandiyohi,  kan-de-yo'he,  a  county  in  the  W.  central 

fart  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  860  square  miles. 
t  is  partly  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Crow  River, 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  forests  of 
oak,  elm,  &c.,  and  numerous  small  lakes,  one  of  which  is 
called  Kandiyohi.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
two  branches  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  with  a  junc- 
tion at  Willmar,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  1760 ;  in  1875, 
8083;  in  1880,  10,159;  in  1890,  13,997. 

Kandiyohi,  township,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  841. 

Kandiyohi  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  county  of  the 
same  name,  about  7  miles  S.E,  of  Willmar.  It  is  nearly  6 
miles  long.     It  has  no  visible  outlet. 

Kandiyohi  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co., 
Minn.,  on  or  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  in  Kandi- 
yohi township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  88  miles 
W.  by  N,  of  Minneapolis,     Pop,  of  township,  841. 

Kando'ta,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  211, 

Kandnga,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Khandutcha. 

Kan'dy,  or  Jamu-Kandi,  jum'moo-kin'dee,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  of  Moorshedabad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ber- 
hampoor.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  12,016. 

Kandy,  or  Candy,  kin'deo  (Singalese,  Maha  Nuwara, 
"  great  city"),  a  town  of  Ceylon,  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
kingdom,  near  the  centre  of  the  island,  on  the  banks  of  an 
artificial  lake,  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Colombo,  and  1676 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  stands  in  an  amphitheatre  of  beau- 
tifully wooded  hills.  It  contains  the  residence  of  the  British 
97 


governor  the  king's  palace  and  buildings  connected  with 
it,  now  used  as  government  offices,  the  Booddhist  temple  of 
Balada  Malagawa,  the  medical  hall  and  post-office,  the  jail, 
barracks,  banks,  several  mission  churches,  and  the  military 
magazine,  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  lake.  In  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the  town  is  the  cemetery  where  were 
deposited  through  many  generations  a  long  line  of  native 
kings  and  heroes.  The  lake  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
adding  much  to  the  appearance  of  the  town.  Bricks  and 
tiles  are  made,  and  tnere  is  a  very  extensive  brick-kiln 
kept  at  work  by  the  government,  elephants  being  employed 
to  tread  the  clay.     Pop.  17,406. 

Kandyan  or  Candyan  (k&n'de-an)  Provinces,  a 
general  appellation  for  such  districts  in  the  interior  of  Cey- 
lon as  were  formerly  under  the  kings  of  Kandy. 

Kane,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  or  Pish- 
taka  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Kishwaukee  River, 
which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  butter,  flax,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  (Niagara)  limestone  of  good 
quality  underlies  the  soil.  This  county  contains  the  cities 
of  Aurora  and  Elgin.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  with  their 
several  branches.  Capital,  Geneva.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,091 ; 
in  1880,  44,939;  in  1890,  65,061. 

Kane,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Utah,  bordering  on 
Arizona,  has  an  area  of  4172  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Rio  San 
Juan.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  It  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  pas- 
ture for  sheep.  Capital,  Kanab.  Pop.  in  1870,  1513;  in 
1880,  3085;  in  1890  (area  reduced),  1685. 

Kane,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  111.,  in  Kane  town- 
ship, on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Alton.  It  has  a  fine  masonic  hall,  2  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  ploaghs. 
Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  957. 

Kane,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

Kane,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1340,  exclusive  of  Council  Blufi's. 

Kane,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 

Kane,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  95  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie.  Here  are 
repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  fine  hotel,  and  is  a  summer  resort. 

Kane  Ba'sin,  a  broad  and  deep  bay  of  Northwest 
Greenland,  formed  by  Smith's  Sound  indenting  Hayes  Pen- 
insula,    Lat.  77°  to  81°  N, ;  Ion,  64°  to  73°  W, 

Kane  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  near 
Oil  Creek,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  graded  school.     Here  is  an  oil-well. 

Kanev,  or  Kanew,  k&-nSv',  a  town  of  Russia,  64 
miles  S.E.  of  Kiev,  on  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  7418. 

Kaneville,  kan'vll,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in 
Kaneville  township,  about  48  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  of  the  township,  999. 

Kangaroo  (kang^ga-roo')  Island,  a  large  island  of 
South  Australia.  Lat.  36°  S. ;  Ion.  137°  E.  Estimated  area, 
1970  square  miles.  The  shores  are  greatly  indented  and 
abrupt;  its  rounded  hills  are  covered  with  a  thick  scrub, 
and  it  abounds  with  shallow  salt  lakes.  It  is  visited  by 
whale-  and  seal-fishers.     Pop.  287. 

Kangelung,  king^g^-lung',  Kangelang,  king^g?- 
l&ng',  or  Cangayang,  k3.ng^g3,-y&ng',  an  island  in  the 
Java  Sea,     Lat,  (N.W.  point)  6°  50'  S. ;  Ion,  115°  13'  E, 
It  is  of  irregular  form,  25  miles  long  and  8  miles  broad 
Pop,  1500. 

Kangher,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Jacobabab. 

Kang-Kao,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cancao. 

Kangozima,  Japan.    See  Cangozima. 

Kangra,  or  Kote-  (Kot-)  Kangra,  kst-k&n'grft,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Kangra  district,  120  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lahore.    Pop.  45,607. 

Kangra,  a  district  in  the  Jullinder  division  of  the 
Punjab,  lat.  31°  25'-32°  30'  N.,  Ion.  75°  35'-77°  E.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Beas  and  by  ridges  of  the  Himalayas.  Area, 
8762  square  miles.     Capital,  Kangra.     Pop.  743,882. 

Kangtoya,  a  Hindoo  name  for  Cutwa. 

Kania,  ki'nee^a,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  N.E.  of  Sierra 
Leone.     Lat.  9°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  9'  W. 

Kanin,  k&-neen',  Kauiniska,  k9,-nee-nis'k&,  or  Ka- 
niskaya  Zemlia,  k&-nees-ki'&  zem'le-&,  a  large  barren 
island  of  Russia,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  the  Gulf  of 
Cheskaya  and  the  White  Sea 


KAN 


1530 


KAN 


Kanisa,  Kis,  kish  kSh'nee^shSh^  (i.e.,  "Little  Kanisa''), 
k  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Theiss,  14  miles  S.  of  Szegedin. 

Pop.  3997.  ,  ,^      .  TT 

Kanisa,  Nagy,  nodj  kSh'nee'shSh^  {i.e.,  "Great  Ka- 
nisa"), a  town  of  Hungary,  formerly  an  important  fortress, 
CO.  of  Szalad,  about  I30  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E,  of  Vienna. 
It  has  a  college,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  spirits, 
tiles,  Ac.     Pop.  11,128. 

Kankai,  kin-ki',  or  Conki,  kon-ki',  a  river  of  India, 
said  to  rise  in  Thibet.  It  traverses  Nepaul,  and  joins  the 
Mahananda  20  miles  E.  of  Purneah.  It  is  navigable  for  a 
considerable  distance. 

Kankakee,  kang^k^-kee',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Illinois,  borders  on  Indiana.  Area,  about  680  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Kankakee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Iroquois  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats, 
Indian  corn,  hay,  wheat,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division)  and 
several  other  lines.  Capital,  Kankakee.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,352;  in  1880,  25,047;  in  1890,  28,732. 

Kankakee,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Kankakee  co..  111., 
in  Kankakee  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  56 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  75  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette, 
Ind.  It  is  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  other  main  lines.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  court- 
house, 2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  foundries,  a  flour- 
mili,  an  oil-mill,  2  quarries  of  good  limestone,  3  carriage- 
factories,  6  furniture-factories,  a  shoe-factory,  a  horse-nail 
mill,  a  paper-mill,  railroad-shops,  a  planing-mill,  and 
printing-oflSces  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  the  seat  of  the  Eastern  Illinois  Hospital  for 
the  Insane,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000,  having  500  em- 

Eloy6s,  and  accommodations  for  2000  patients.     The  city 
as  electric  lights,  electric  street-cars,  and  water-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  9025 ;  of  the  township,  9285. 

Kankakee,  a  station  in  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  near  the 
Kankakee  River,  3  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse. 
Kankakee,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  P.  1166. 
Kankakee,  a  station  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  and  on  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  A  Western 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Michigan  City. 

Kankakee  River  rises  near  South  Bend,  in  the  N. 
part  of  Indiana,  and  runs  first  southwestward.  It  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  La  Porte,  Porter,  and 
Lake  on  the  right,  and  Starke,  Jasper,  and  Newton  on  the 
left.  It  next  runs  W.  into  the  state  of  Illinois,  and  inter- 
sects Kankakee  co.,  from  which  it  flows  N.W.  through  Will 
00.  and  unites  with  the  Des  Plaines  River  to  form  the  Illi- 
nois.   It  is  a  sluggish  stream,  about  230  miles  long. 

Kankakee  Siding,  in  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  near  the  Kankakee  River,  2 
miles  W.  of  Walkerton,  and  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago. 

Kankan,  k&n-k&n',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  capital  of  a 
state  in  the  country  of  Sangara.     Pop.  6000. 

Kankaree,  kin'k&-ree',  Changeri,  k&n'gi-ree',  or 
Kankiri,  kin'ke-ree^  (anc.  Oan'gra  ?),  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey.  Lat.  40°  56'  N.;  Ion.  34°  5'  B.  It  contains 
about  3000  houses,  8  large  and  several  small  mosques,  6 
khans,  and  4  public  baths.  There  is  a  castle  on  a  height 
close  by,  a  barrack,  and  a  singular  Mohammedan  building, 
called  the  Mejid  Tash.     Pop.  18,000. 

Kan'ker,  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  1000  square  miles.     Pop.  43,552. 

Kankerowly,  kink^^r-flw'lee,  a  town  of  India,  32  miles 
from  Odeypoor. 

Kankhul,  kink^iir  (?),  a  town  of  British  India,  on  the 
Ganges,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Hurdwar. 

Kan-Kiang,  kin-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  forming  a 
part  of  its  great  internal  line  of  navigation,  flows  through- 
out the  province  of  Kiang-See  from  S.  to  N.,  traverses  the 
lake  Po-Yang,  and  joins  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  350  miles. 
Kankiri,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Kankaree. 
Kannstadt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.     See  Cannstadt. 
Kano,  ki'no',  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  province 
in  Saccatoo,  about  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  9°  E.     Pop.  30,000.    It 
is  built  in  the  Moorish  style,  and  has  an  extensive  trade,  and 
manufactures  of  silks,  blue  cottons,  &c. 

Kanoje,  ki-noj',  or  Knnnoge,  kun-noj'  (Hindoo, 
Kani/acubja),  also  called  Knnnoiy,  Konnoj,  Ca- 
nonge,  Kanaiy,  ka  nowj',  and  Kunnaj,  a  town  of 
India,  Furruckabad  district,  40  miles  N.  of  Cawnpoor,  on  the 
Kallee-Nuddee,  near  the  Ganges.  It  is  now  much  deoaved. 
Pop.  17,677.  ' 


Kano'mie,a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Rapides  par- 
ish.  La.,  16  miles  S.  of  Alexandria. 

Kano'na,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bath 
township,  on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Bath.     It  ha« 

I  or  2  churches,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  floor- 
mill.     Pop.  190. 

Ka^nosh',  a  post-village  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  about  70 
miles  S.W.  of  Manti 

Kano'sha  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  in  the  Kanosha 
range,  has  an  elevation  of  about  10,200  feet.  Lat.  39°  25' 
N. ;  Ion.  105°  45'  30"  W. 

Kanosha  Twin  Cones,  Colorado,  two  peaks  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  each  about  12,350  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
They  are  li  miles  apart.  The  Eastern  is  in  lat.  39°  24'  25" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  40'  45"  W.  The  Western  Cone  is  in  lat.  39«» 
25'  45"  N.,  Ion.  105°  42'  W. 

Kanowra,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Bornoo. 

Kanowta,  k&-nQw't&,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and 

II  miles  S.W.  of  Jeypoor.     It  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  and 
has  several  Hindoo  temples. 

Kanp,  a  town  of  Boglipoor  district,  Bengal.     P.  3750. 

Kanpoo,  or  Kanpu,  China.    See  Canfoo. 

KansakeCyOrKansaki,  k&n-s&'kee,  a  pretty  village 
of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  has  about  1000 
houses. 

Kansas,  kan'z^s,  a  state  of  the  American  Union,  bounded 
N.  by  Nebraska,  E.  by  Missouri,  S.  by  Indian  Territory, 
and  W.  by  Colorado.  Its  northern  line  is  the  40th  degree 
of  N.  lat. ;  its  eastern  limit  is  partly  the  Missouri  River  and 
partly  the  meridian  of  94°  38'  W. ;  the  southern  boundary  is 
on  the  line  of  the  37th  degree  of  N.  lat. ;  and  it  extend* 
westward  to  102°  W.  Ion.  Average  length,  400  miles; 
breadth,  200  miles ;  area,  82,080  square  miles.  In  this  state 
is  the  geographical  centre  of  the  United  States  domain, 
exclusive  of  Alaska. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  elevation  of  the  extreme  N.W. 
is  4000  feet ;  that  of  the  extreme  S.W.  3425  feet ;  and  nearly 
the  whole  state  slopes  to  the  east  and  south,  with  the  average 
fall  of  7i  feet  to  the  mile.  The  surface  is  chiefly  a  gently 
rolling  prairie,  and  there  are  no  waterfalls  with  a  greater 
descent  than  7  feet,  and  few  mill-dams  can  be  made  to  give 
as  much  as  10  feet  fall.  In  the  S.W.  there  are  tracts  of 
sand-hill  country  abounding  in  native  small  fruits.  There 
are  no  mountains,  no  marshes  of  any  extent  except  a  few 
valuable  salt-marshes,  almost  no  sloughs,  and  only  a  few 
small  and  shallow  lakes  or  ponds.  The  river-bottoms 
throughout  most  of  the  state  contain  more  or  less  timber, 
including  ash,  elm,  hackberry,  cottonwood,  box-elder,  black 
walnut,  sycamore,  pecan,  4  kinds  of  oak,  hickory,  mul- 
berry, bass,  chicot,  maples,  and  other  species ;  but  the  western 
half  of  the  state  is  very  scantily  supplied ;  and  taken  as  a 
whole  barely  5  per  oent.  of  the  area  can  be  regarded  as 
forest-land. 

Geology  and  Mineral*. — The  S.E.  of  Kansas  belongs  to  the 
middle  coal  measures  of  the  true  carboniferous  system  (area, 
10,000  square  miles).  The  counties  of  Cherokee,  Osage, 
Crawford,  Labette,  Bourbon,  Linn,  &o.,  contain  excellent 
coal,  fairly  abundant  and  readily  accessible.  The  Permian 
and  upper  carboniferous  measures  cover  the  surface  north- 
ward and  westward  and  occupy  one-fourth  of  the  area  of 
the  state.  In  the  upper  carboniferous  there  are  thin  veins 
of  coal,  which  is  serviceable  as  a  local  fuel  and  is  mined  to 
some  extent  in  the  N.E.  In  the  N.W.  of  the  state  there  is 
a  region  covered  by  pliocene  deposits  (6000  square  miles) 
abounding  in  mammalian  remains.  The  remainder  of  ihe 
state  is  mostly  of  cretaceous  age  (41,000  square  miles),  kut 
some  3000  square  miles  of  its  high  prairies  and  hills  are 
overlaid  by  patches  of  pliocene  strata.  The  (cretaceous) 
Niobrara  beds  abound  in  marvellous  relics  of  extinct  fishes, 
fish-like  birds,  Ac,  while  the  Dakota  group  (probably  creta- 
ceous) contains  much  lignite  and  fossil  wood.  The  western 
Kansas  lignite  is  very  useful  as  a  domestic  fuel,  but  has 
no  value  as  a  commercial  coal.  It  is  tolerably  abundant 
in  some  places,  but  generally  contains  a  large  amount  of 
ash,  water,  and  sulphur,  and  crumbles  in  frosty  weather. 
Other  minerals  of  economic  value  are  limestone,  gypsum, 
sandstone,  flagstones,  good  chalk  (in  the  W,),  lead,  zinc  (the 
latter  mined  and  smelted  at  several  points),  salt  (abundant 
in  the  salines  of  Kansas,  and  of  great  excellence),  fire-clay, 
ochre,  black  shales,  hydraulic  limestone,  Ac.  The  total  coal 
product  for  1875  was  estimated  at  250,000  tons,  and  for  1890 
at  1,600,000  tons,  or  40,000,000  bushels  (official  estimate). 

Rivers. — The  Missouri  forms  a  portion  of  the  eastern 
boundary,  and  is  an  important  commercial  highway.  Four 
iron  railway  bridges  cross  it  and  connect  Kansas  with  the 
railroads  of.  Missouri.     The  Kansas  River  has  been  navi- 


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gated  as  far  as  Fort  Riley  by  steamers,  but  the  oonstruction 
of  bridges  and  dams  has  of  late  prevented  steam-navigation. 
The  Republican,  Solomon,  Saline,  Smolty  Hill,  Marais  des 
Cygnes,  Blue,  Neosho,  Arkansas,  and  Cimarron  are  the 
other  principal  streams.  Many  of  these,  as  well  as  their 
tributaries,  afford  water-power,  and  at  some  points  irriga- 
tion has  been  undertaken,  but  as  yet  not  on  a  large  scale. 

Vegetation,  Animal  Life. — ^The  principal  trees  of  the  state 
have  been  already  named.  To  these  we  may  add  certain 
fruit-bearing  shrubs,  such  as  the  plum  and  cherry,  the 
former  of  which  is  locally  very  abundant  and  fruitful.  The 
native  grasses  of  all  parts  of  the  state  afford  excellent  pas- 
turage, which  endures  throughout  the  year.  Considerable 
plantations  of  trees  have  been  made :  the  locust,  ailanthus, 
two  species  of  eucalyptus,  and  the  more  rapidly-growing 
native  trees  are  favorites.  The  vast  plains  of  Kansas  were 
not  long  since  the  pasture-grounds  of  great  numbers  of 
bisons,  deer,  antelopes,  and  wild  horses,  but  of  these  very 
few,  if  any,  now  remain.  The  state  is  still  the  autumnal  re- 
sort of  many  sportsmen,  for  its  wild  lands  are  the  breeding- 
ground  of  countless  grouse  and  other  game-birds.  Some 
300  species  of  birds  are  known.  The  rivers  contain  some 
useful  food-fishes.  Twenty-five  species  have  been  taken  at 
Lawrence,  including  2  gar-pikes,  a  sturgeon,  2  paddle-fishes, 
6  perooids,  an  eel,  6  cat-fishes,  6  suckers,  and  tne  river-her- 
ring. Since  1867  the  state  1m.s  had  several  visitations  of 
the  Rooky  Mountain  locust  or  hateful  grasshopper  ( Galop- 
tenua  spretua).  Among  the  mammals  reported  are  the  pan- 
ther, lynx,  2  wolves,  4  foxes,  the  Texas  civet,  raccoon,  bear, 
3  deer,  opossum,  3  hares,  and  many  species  of  rodents  and 
other  small  vermin. 

Climate. — The  winters  are  often  severe,  with  high  winds, 
but  the  air  is  so  dry  that  the  cold  is  easily  endured.  The 
snow-fall  is  slight,  especially  southward,  and  the  winter  is 
much  shorter  than  in  the  Northern  Atlantic  states.  In  the 
extreme  W.  the  rainfall  appears  to  be  scanty,  but  it  is  ordi- 
narily sufficient  for  a  pastoral  country.  The  E.  seldom  suf- 
fers from  drought, — ^probably  not  much  oftener  than  in  the 
East, — for  the  rainfall,  though  relatively  small,  is  quite  evenly 
distributed  throughout  the  year.  It  appears  also  that  the 
annual  rainfall  is  increasing  since  the  state  has  begun  to  be 
thickly  settled.  The  S.  is  quite  within  the  cotton-belt,  and 
some  attention  has  been  paid  to  cotton-growing  in  the  S.E. 

Agricultural  Beaources. — The  bottom-,  bench-,  and  table- 
lands of  Kansas  are  for  the  most  part  a  rich  black  loam  of 
the  highest  agricultural  excellence.  Winter  and  spring 
wheat,  maize,  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  great  staples, 
and  large  crops  of  sorghum,  broom-corn,  hay,  hemp,  flax, 
flaxseed,  castor-beans,  tobacco,  Ac,  are  produced.  An  im- 
mense business  is  done  in  fattening  and  shipping  cattle, 
which  are  partly  native-bred  and  partly  driven  in  from 
Texas  and  the  Cherokee  country.  Sheep-husbandry  is  at- 
tracting much  attention,  and  for  it  the  state  is  finely  adapted. 
Dairy-farming  is  also  largely  on  the  increase.  Great  en- 
thusiasm exists  in  regard  to  the  future  of  Kansas  as  a  fruit- 
and  wine-growing  state,  and  promising  experiments  have 
been  made  in  silk-raising. 

Manufactures  are  as  yet  in  their  infancy;  but  the  ex- 
istence of  abundant  water-power  and  good  coal,  and  the 
proximity  of  raw  materials,  give  promise  of  a  great  and 
speedy  development  in  this  direction.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  those  of  lumber,  flour,  furniture  and  cabinet 
goods,  castings,  metallic  wares,  woollens,  castor  and  lin- 
seed oils,  soap,  dressed  stone,  paint,  ground  plaster,  lime, 
salt,  syrup,  bricks,  leather,  cheese,  carriages,  machinery, 
cigars,  brooms,  wine,  and  beer;  and  the  number  of  manu- 
facturing establishments  is  fast  increasing. 

Finances. — The  bonded  state  debt  in  1890  was  $1,119,791, 
incurred  for  war  purposes,  for  public  works,  and  for  the 
charitable  institutions  of  the  state.  Of  the  Kansas  bonds, 
about  one-half  are  owned  by  the  general  school-fund,  the 
normal  school-fund,  and  the  state  university. 

Education. — Kansas  has  had  a  system  of  free  schools  in 
operation  since  1855.  At  present  the  public  schools  are 
under  the  care  of  a  state  board  of  education,  of  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents,  and  of  district  boards 
and  directors.  Graded  schools  are  maintained  in  the  more 
populous  regions.  There  is  a  permanent  school-fund,  and 
state,  county,  and  district  school  taxes  are  also  levied. 
There  is  a  state  university  at  Lawrence  and  a  state  agri- 
cultural college  at  Manhattan,  both  free  to  youth  of  either 
sex.  Normal  instruction  is  given  at  the  state  normal 
school  at  Emporia,  at  the  state  university,  and  at  several 
private  institutions.  There  is  an  institution  for  deaf-mutes 
at  Olatbe,  one  for  the  blind  at  Kansas  City,  a  state  insane 
asylum  at  Osawatomie,  and  a  state  penitentiary  near 
Leavenworth.    There  are  within  the  state  12  denomina- 


tional colleges  and  universities,  two  colleges  for  ladies,  and 
many  private  and  parochial  schools  and  academies. 

Railroads  have  received  a  large  development  in  Kansas. 
Besides  the  great  through-lines,  such  as  the  Kansas  Pacific, 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  k  Santa  F6,  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
&  Texas,  there  are  other  large  roads,  some  of  them  approach- 
ing closely  to  the  above-named  lines  in  their  mileage  within 
this  state.  Aided  by  large  congressional  land-grants,  and 
by  the  universal  ease  of  grades,  the  construction  of  roads 
for  some  years  outstripped  the  immediate  needs  of  the 
country.  In  1864  there  were  40  miles  of  railroad ;  in  1866, 
240  miles;  in  1870,  1501  miles;  in  1884,4227  miles;  in 
1890,  8900  miles.  The  average  cost  of  works  per  road-mile 
is  $46,000.  Almost  all  the  counties  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state  are  traversed  by  railroads. 

The  Counties  are  106  in  number,  named  as  follows :  Allen, 
Anderson,  Atchison,  Barber,  Barton,  Bourbon,  Brown, 
Butler,  Chase,  Chautauqua,  Cherokee,  Cheyenne,  Clark, 
Clay,  Cloud,  Coffey,  Comanche,  Cowley,  Crawford,  Decatur, 
Dickinson,  Doniphan,  Douglas,  Edwards,  Elk,  Ellis,  Ells- 
worth, Finney,  Ford,  Franklin,  Garfield,  Geary,  Gove, 
Graham,  Grant,  Gray,  Greeley,  Greenwood,  Hamilton, 
Harper,  Harvey,  Haskell,  Hodgeman,  Jackson,  Jefferson, 
Jewell,  Johnson,  Kearney,  Kingman,  Kiowa,  Labette, 
Lane,  Leavenworth,  Lincoln,  Linn,  Logan,  Lyon,  McPher- 
son,  Marion,  Marshall,  Meade,  Miami,  Mitchell,  Montgom- 
ery, Morris,  Morton,  Nemaha,  Neosho,  Ness,  Norton,  Osage, 
Osborne,  Ottawa,  Pawnee,  Phillips,  Pottawatomie,  Pratt, 
Rawlins,  Reno,  Republic,  Rice,  Riley,  Rooks,  Rush,  Russell, 
Saline,  Scott,  Sedgwick,  Seward,  Shawnee,  Sheridan,  Sher- 
man, Smith,  Stafford,  Stanton,  Stevens,  Sumner,  Thomas, 
Trego,  Wabaunsee,  Wallace,  Washington,  Wichita,  Wilson, 
Woodson,  and  Wyandotte. 

Citie*  and  Totona. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Kansas 
City,  opposite  Kansas  City,  Mo.  (pop.  in  1890,  38,316); 
Topeka,  the  capital  (pop.  31,007) ;  Wichita,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Arkansas  and  Little  Arkansas  Rivers  (pop.  23,853); 
Leavenworth  (pop.  19,768),  Atchison  (pop.  13,963),  Fort 
Scott  (pop.  11,964),  Lawrence  (pop.  9997),  Hutchinson 
(pop.  8862),  Arkansas  City  (pop.  8347),  and  Emporia 
(pop.  7551).  Many  of  the  villages  of  Kansas  have  city 
charters ;  of  these  there  are  three  classes,  according  to  the 
population  of  the  place. 

The  Constitution  of  Kansas  was  adopted  in  1861.  The 
governor  is  chosen  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  so  are  all 
the  principal  executive  officers.  Judges  of  the  courts  are 
chosen  by  the  people  for  limited  terms  of  service.  Six 
months'  residence  in  the  state,  and  30  days'  residence  in  the 
township,  are  required  of  all  voters.  The  state  sends  eight 
representatives  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 

History. — Coronado's  exploring  party  of  Spaniards  vis- 
ited this  region  in  1541,  crossing  the  country  from  S.  to 
N. ;  and  in  1719  a  party  of  French,  under  Dutisne,  again 
traversed  it.  The  Louisiana  purchase  of  1803  made  the 
greater  part  of  it  a  portion  of  the  United  States  domain ; 
but  part  of  Southwestern  Kansas  was  Mexican  territory 
until  1848.  In  1826  the  "Santa  F6  Trail"  was  opened, 
and  an  important  overland  trade  was  thereby  greatly 
extended.  In  1831  Protestant  Indian  missions  were  first 
established  here,  and  the  Roman  Catholics,  led  by  the 
Jesuit  fathers  and  the  Princess  Galitzin,  were  not  long  in 
following.  In  1854  Kansas  was  organized  as  a  territory, 
and  the  slavery-restriction  clause  of  the  Missouri  Com- 
promise of  1820  was  declared  inoperative  by  Congress.  The 
doctrine  of  "squatter  sovereignty"  was  proclaimed,  and 
Kansas  became  the  battle-ground  of  the  party  in  favor  of 
the  extension  of  slavery  in  their  struggle  against  free-soilers. 
Thousands  immigrated  from  both  North  and  South ;  but  the 
Northern  immigrants  were  the  more  numerous ;  and  yet  the 
doctrine  of  squatter  sovereignty  was  not  allowed  to  oper- 
ate in  their  favor.  Supported  by  Federal  bayonets  and  the 
militia  of  Missouri,  the  minority  held  the  authority  until 
1861.  Two  hundred  lives  and  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of 
property  were  destroyed  in  this  struggle.  From  1861  to  1866 
Kansas  was  more  or  less  constantly  the  seat  of  war. 
During  the  civil  war  she  had  more  Union  volunteer  soldiers 
than  she  had  voters;  and,  although  she  never  offered  a 
bounty  or  made  a  conscription,  she  furnished  proportion- 
ately more  troops  than  any  other  state.  In  the  battle- 
mortality  list  she  also  far  exceeded  all  other  states,  sixty -one 
out  of  every  thousand  of  her  troops  having  been  killed  in 
the  field.  This  was  principally  owing  to  the  fact  that  her 
borders  were  the  scene  of  a  bloody  partisan  struggle  which 
extended  into  Missouri  and  in  which  the  Kansas  troops 
were  active  participants.  In  1866  a  Free-State  constitution 
was  framed  at  Topeka,  and  in  1857  a  pro-slavery  constitu- 
tion was  framed  at  Lecompton,  but  neither  became  operative. 


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In  1361  the  state  was  admitted  to  the  Union.  At  length, 
in  1865,  after  eleven  years  of  war,  Kansas  suddenly  became 
prosperous.  Since  that  time,  by  the  aid  of  the  railroad  ex- 
tension, the  area  of  her  cultivated  lands  has  marvellously 
increased,  and,  in  spite  of  occasional  severe  droughts  and 
the  visitations  of  locusts,  her  increase  in  population  and 
wealth  has  been  uninterrupted. 

Pop.  in  1856, 8601;  in  1860, 107,206 j  in  1866, 186,807;  in 
1870, 364,399 ;  in  1878  (by  state  census),  708,497  (the  returns 
ne.arly  complete) ;  in  1880  (United  States  census),  996,096; 
in  1886  (by  stete  census),  1,406,738;  in  1890  (United  Statea 
census),  1,427,096. 

Kansas,  a  post-borough  of  Edgar  oc,  HI.,  on  two 
railroads,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paris,  and  13  miles  B.  of 
Charleston.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  college,  a  national 
bank,  and  4  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  723 ;  in  1890,  1037. 
Kansas,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fremont.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  flour-  and  saw -mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Kansas  City,  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Wyandotte  oo., 
created  in  1886  by  the  consolidation  of  the  then  village  of 
Kansas  City  with  the  towns  of  Wyandotte,  Armourdale,  and 
others  under  its  present  name,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  Kansas  and  Missouri  Rivers,  adjacent  to  Kansas  City, 
Mo.  (from  which  it  is  nominally  separated  by  the  state  line), 
and  at  the  convergence  of  several  important  railways,  eight 
or  more  of  which  have  their  terminal  stations  at  this  point. 
This  city  is  noted  as  the  seat  of  immense  stock  and  meat- 
packing interests,  its  yards  and  packing-houses  being  second 
only  to  those  of  Chicago  in  the  volume  of  business  done. 
Here  \yere  received  in  1892, 699,678  head  of  cattle,  1,773,000 
hogs,  32,341  calves,  160,317  sheep,  and  32,831  horses  and 
mules.  Of  the  food  animals,  about  sixty  per  cent.,  aggre- 
gating 670,000,000  pounds,  was  consumed  at  the  packing- 
houses. The  city  has  also  an  extensive  grain  and  flour 
trade,  there  being  received  at  its  mills  and  elevators  in 
1892,  69,707  car-loads  of  grain.  In  1890,  accordifig  to  the 
census  returns,  the  capital  invested  in  manufactures  was 
$11,404,066,  and  the  value  of  the  manufactured  product 
$44,022,939.  Fifteen  bridges  span  the  Kansas  River  within 
the  corporate  limits  of  the  city.  Though  of  recent  growth, 
it  is  the  largest  city  in  the  state  of  Kansas.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3200;  in  1890  (federal  census),  38,316;  in  1892  (city 
census),. 39,580. 

Kansas  City,  Missouri,  the  second  city  of  the  state  in 
population  and  importance,  is  in  Jackson  oo.,  on  the  right 
or  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  i  mile  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Kansas  River.  Lat.  39°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  37'  40"  W. 
By  railroad  it  is  283  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Leavenworth,  and  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  connects  here  with  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Ten 
other  roads  meet  here  from  various  directions,  and  the 
trains  of  several  lines  cross  the  Missouri  River  on  a  mag- 
nificent iron  bridge  which  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,000,000.  The  city  is  mostly  built  on  the  top  and  sides 
of  a  steep  hill,  the  site  having  been  originally  very  rough 
and  uneven.  It  has,  however,  been  greatly  improved  by 
grading,  and  much  money  has  been  expended  in  sewers, 
water-works,  and  mains.  It  has  28  churches,  14  schools,  2 
medical  colleges,  a  seminary,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum, 
a  workhouse,  2  theatres,  an  opera-house,  and  a  county,  dis- 
trict, and  United  States  court-house.  Six  daily,  2  tri-weekly, 
10  weekly,  and  2  monthly  periodicals  are  issued  here.  The 
centre  of  a  region  of  extraordinary  agricultural  resources 
and  abounding  in  coal,  lead,  iron,  <fcc.,  it  has  of  late  become 
an  important  commercial  city,  doing  a  very  large  business 
in  live-stock  and  grain,  and  in  manufacturing  railroad-iron, 
furniture,  linseed  oil,  car-wheels,  flour,  &o.  According  to 
the  census  returns  it  had  in  1890  a  capital  of  $12,708,990 
invested  in  manufactures,  the  value  of  the  product  being 
$31,571,659.  A  board  of  trade  was  organized  in  1872. 
J'oP-i°  I860,  4418;  in  1870,  32,260;  in  1880,  66,786;  in 

Kansas  Falls,  a  station  on  the  Kansas  Paoiflo  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Junction  City,  Kansas. 

Kansas  (or  Kaw)  River  is  formed  by  two  large 
branches  the  femoky  Hill  Fork  and  the  Solomon  River, 
which,  after  traversing  the  great  treeless  plains  of  Western 
Kansas,  unite  about  10  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  It  runs  north- 
eastward through  Geary  co.  to  Manhattan,  where  the  Big 
Blue  River  enters  it  from  the  N.  Below  Manhattan  it  flowi 
generaUy  eastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
counties  of  Wabaunsee,  Douglas,  and  Johnson,  on  the  right, 
and  Pottawatomie,  Jefferson,  and  Leavenworth  on  the  left. 
It  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  the  W.  boundary  of  the  state 
of  Missouri,  within  the  limits  of  Kansas  City.     It  is  nearly 


300  miles  long,  or,  if  we  include  the  Smoky  Hill  Pork,  about 
900  miles.  Its  largest  tributaries  are  the  Republican  and 
Big  Blue  Rivers,  which  both  enter  it  from  the  left.  The 
chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Lawrence,  Topeka,  and  Junction 
City.  It  traverses  fertile  prairies,  in  which  bituminous  coal 
abounds.  It  is  not  a  very  important  river  for  navigation. 
The  trains  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  pass  along  the 
bank  of  this  river  from  its  mouth  to  its  origin. 

Kansasville,  kan'zas-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  oo., 
Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Racine. 
It  has  a  church. 

Kansk,  k&nsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  province  of 
Teniseisk,  on  the  Kana,  250  miles  S.E.  of  Yeniseisk. 

Kan-Soo,  Kan-Son,  Kan-Sn,orKansnh,  k&n^- 
soo',  the  most  N.W.  province  of  China,  between  lat.  32°  30' 
and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  98°  and  108°  E.,  having  E.  theprovincea 
of  Shen-See  and  Se-Chuen,  and  on  other  sides  Mongolia,  into 
which  a  long  tongue  of  it  stretches  between  the  territory  of 
the  Koko-Nor  and  the  desert  of  Gobi.  Surface  mountain 
ous.     Principal  river,  the  Hoang-Ho.     The  products  oom- 

{>rise  dyes,  gold,  mercury,  silks,  musk,  and  tobacco,  which 
ast  is  of  a  very  superior  quality.  Kan-Choo  is  the  capital, 
besides  which  there  are  6  cities  of  the  first  rank. 

Kantalicoonda,  k&n-ti-le-koon'd&,  a  village  of  West 
Africa,  on  the  Gambia.     Lat.  13°  32'  N.;  Ion.  13°  61'  W. 

Kantavu,  an  island  of  the  Feejees.     See  Kandaboo. 

Kan-Tcheou,  a  town  of  China.    See  Kan-Chow. 

Kan-Tcheou-Fou,  or  Kan-Tchou.  See  Kaw- 
Choo. 

Kanth,  k&nt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  on  the  Weis- 
tritz,  13  miles  bv  rail  S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2694. 

Kantilo,  kftn-tee'lo,  a  town  of  the  Khundpara  state, 
in  Orissa,  India,  on  the  Mahanuddy.  Lat.  20°  21'  46"  N.; 
Ion.  85°  14'  20"  E.     It  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  5634. 

Kanturk',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  12  milea  W. 
by  N.  of  Mallow.  It  has  a  hospital,  a  bridewell,  a  market- 
house,  and  manufactures  of  serges.     Pop.  1964. 

Kantz,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  S.W. 
of  Selin's  Grove,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury. 

Kanum,  k4-noom'  (?),  a  large  city  of  Little  Thibet, 
on  the  Upper  Sutlej,  lat.  31°  37'  N.,  Ion.  78°  28'  B.,  on  a 
table-land,  nearly  9000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Kan  wa'ka,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.    P.  805. 

Kao,  ki'o,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  Tonga  group, 
a  vast  conical  rock,  600  feet  high.  Lat.  19°  42'  S.;  Ion. 
176°  W.  Kao  is  also  the  name  of  numerous  cities  and 
towns  in  China. 

Kao-Ching,  or  Kao-Tching,  ki'o-ching',  a  town 
of  China,  province  of  Ho-Nan.  Lat.  34°  42'  N.;  Ion. 
115°  E. 

Kao-Choo,  Kao-Tchon,  ki^o-ohoo'  (almost  k5w'- 
ohoo'),  Kao-Cheoo-Foo,  or  Kao-Tcheon-Foa, 
ki^o-ch4-oo'-foo',  a  walled  city  of  China,  168  miles  S.W.  of 
Canton,  in  lat.  21°  48'  N.,  Ion.  111°  8'  E.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  nankeens. 

Kaolin,  k&'o-lin,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Kaolin,  a  post-village  of  Iron  oo.,  Mo.,  about  18  miles 
W.  of  Iron  Mountain.     Pop.  463. 

Kaolin,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  3  miles  from 
Avondale.  Here  is  a  bed  of  kaolin,  or  porcelain  clay, 
which  has  been  worked  many  years  with  success. 

Ka^o>Ning',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Canton. 

Kaoochani,  Kaonchany,  or  Kauchany,  kSw- 
sh&'nee,  written  also  Kawschani,  a  decayed  town  of 
Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  12  miles  S.  of  Bender.  It  was  onoe 
a  large  and  flourishing  town. 

Kao-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kao-Choo. 

Kao-Yeoo,  or  Kao-Yeon,  k4^o-yfi-oo',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Imperial  Canal,  86 
miles  N.E.  of  Nanking. 

Kapadoanj,  k4-p4-do-4nj',  a  town  of  India,  Bombay 
presidency.     Pop.  13,982. 

Kapeila,  k4-p4l'14,  a  mountain-range  of  Croatia,  con- 
sists of  two  distinct  parts,  the  Great  and  Little  Kapeila, 
having  a  general  direction  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  nearly  par- 
allel to  the  Vellebitz  Mountains,  which  skirt  the  Adriatic. 

Kapelle,  k4-pSl'l§h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Beveland,  4  miles  E.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1410. 

Kapfenberg,  k4p'f9n-bSRG\  a  town  of  Styria,  on  a 
railway,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bruck.     Pop.  2629. 

Kapio'ma,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.    P.  889. 

Kapiti,  or  Kapito.    See  Entry  Island. 

Kaplitz,  k4'plits,  Gapplitz,  g4p'plit8,  or  Wolanka, 
♦o-14n'k4,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17  miles  S.  of  Budweis,  on 
the  Mulsche.     Pop.  2262. 


KAP 


1533 


KAR 


Kapnik-Banya,  klp'neek'-bin'y8h\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 8  miles  E.  of  Nagy  Banya.  Pop.  2464.  Gold,  silyer, 
and  lead  are  found  here. 

Ka^poorthel'la,  or  Kapurthala,  ki-poor-t'h4'la,  a 
native  state  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  between  the  rivers 
Beas  and  Sutlej.  Area,  516  square  miles.  Capital,  Ka- 
poortholla,  a  town  near  the  East  Indian  Railway,  65  miles 
E.  of  Lahore.     Total  pop.  250,000. 

Kaposvarj  kip^oshVin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Kapos,  and  on  a  railway,  97  miles  S.W.  of  Pesth.  Pop. 
5395.     It  exports  wine  and  tobacco. 

Kap'pa,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  HI.,  in  El  Paso 
township,  on  Mackinaw  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  bricks. 

Kappel)  k&p'p^l,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carintbia,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Klagenfurth.     Pop.  1256. 

Kappel,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zurich,  4 
miles  N.  of  Zug,  is  noted  as  the  place  where  Zwingli  fell  in 
battle,  October,  1531.     Pop.  732. 

Kappeln,  or  Kappellenort,  Prussia.    See  Cappeln. 

Kappel-Rodecft,  kip'p§l-ro'dfik,  a  Tillage  of  Baden, 
circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Achern.     Pop.  2216. 

Kappel-Windeck,  kip'p^l-^in'dSk,  a  village  of  Ba- 
den, circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Buhl.    Pop.  1623. 

Kapp's,  a  hamlet  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  <k  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sunbury. 
Here  lime  is  burned,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna there  is  a  large  iron-furnace.  Nearest  post-office, 
Chillisquaque,  li  miles  distant. 

Kapp's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Kaproncza,  a  town  of  Hungary.  See  Kopbeikitz. 

Kapsaliy  a  town  of  the  Ionian  Islands.    See  Capsali. 

Kapun'dat  a  town  of  South  Australia,  45  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Adelaide.  Near  it  marble  and  copper  are  obtained. 
Pop.  2272. 

Kapuvar,  kSVpooV&R',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Oedenburg,  40  miles  S.  of  Presburg.  Pop.  4409.  Here  is 
a  residence  of  the  Esterhazy  family. 

Kara,  ki^ri',  a  Turkish  word  signifying  "black,"  form- 
ing a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numerous  places  in  the  East. 

Kara,  ki'ri,  a  river  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary 
between  European  and  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the  Ural 
Mountains,  flows  N.,  and  enters  the  Kara  Sea  after  a  course 
of  125  miles. 

Kara,  a  lake  and  town  of  China.    See  Hah  a. 

Kara,  ki'ri,  a  gulf  or  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the 
government  of  Tobolsk,  formed  by  the  Kara  Sea. 

Kara-Aghadj,  kiVi'-i-gidj',  a  bay  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  lat.  36°  41'  50"  N.,  Ion.  28°  30'  E. 

Kara-Aghadj,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Bilistria. 

Kara- Amid,  a  city  of  Turkey.    See  Diarbekir. 

Kara-Bagh,  ki'ri'-big,  a  town  and  large  fort  of  Af- 
ghanistan, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Ghuznee,  and  7426  feet  above 
the  sea,  in  lat.  33°  10'  N.,  Ion.  67°  59'  E. 

Karabagh,  ki^ri'big'  ("  black  garden"),  a  former  prov- 
ince of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  between  the  Koor  and  Arras 
Rivers.     It  is  now  in  the  government  of  Yelisavetpol. 

Kara-Bagh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Caulabagh. 

Kara-Boghaz,  ki^ri'-bo^giz',  a  remarkable  gulf  of 
Russia,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Caspian  Sea.  It  is  about  90 
miles  across,  and  nearly  circular ;  but  the  strait  connecting 
it  with  the  sea  is  only  450  feet  wide  and  5  feet  deep.  It  is 
intensely  salt,  while  the  main  Caspian  is  not  so.  A  con- 
stant current  sets  in  through  the  strait. 

Kara-Boonar  (-Bounar,or-Bunar),kiVi'-boo^- 
nar'  (ano.  Barate  f  or  Barathra  t),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Konieh.  It  has  a  khan,  a  mosque,  and 
nitre-works. 

Karachee,  a  seaport  of  Sinde.    See  Edrrachee. 

Kara-Chudscha,  kiVi'-chQd'shi,  a  town  of  Asia, 
khanat  and  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Karad,  kShVSd',  a  village  of  Hungary,  46  miles  N.W. 
of  Funfkirchen.     Pop.  2645, 

Kara-Dagh,kiVi'-dig,orKara-Tagh,kiVi'-tig, 
several  mountains  of  Asia  Minor,  and  a  chain  in  Persia, 
between  Khoozistan  and  Laristan. 

Kara-Dagh,  or  Kara-Tagh,  a  mountain-range  of 
Europe,  between  Eastern  Roumelia  and  Roumelia. 

Karadagh,  kiVi'dig',  a  district  of  the  Persian  prov- 
ince of  Azerbaijan. 

Karadagh,  a  Turkish  name  of  Montenegro. 

Kara  Dengis,  the  Turkish  name  for  the  Black  Sea. 

Karadive,  ki-ri-deev',  an  island  on  the  coast  of  Cey- 
lon, in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Calpentyn. 
Length,  about  9  miles. 


Karaghinsky,  ki-ri-ghin'skee,  an  island  about  20 
miles  off  the  E.  coast  of  Kamchatka.  Lat.  of  the  N.  point, 
59°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  164°  35'  E.     It  is  65  miles  long. 

Karaghinsky,  a  bay  on  the  S.  side  of  the  above  island, 
penetrates  9  miles  inland,  with  a  breadth  of  from  4  to  8 
miles.  It  receives  the  river  Karaga,  the  mouth  of  which 
is  in  lat.  59°  8'  N.,  Ion.  126°  59'  E. 

Karago'la,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Purneah,  on  the 
Ganges.  Lat.  25°  24'  30"  N.;  Ion.  87°  27'  E.  It  has  a 
great  fair,  the  most  celebrated  in  Bengal. 

Kara-Hissar,  ki^ri'-his-sar'  (i.e.,  "black  castle"), 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Kaisareeyeh,  on 
the  slope  of  a  hill  crowned  by  a  ruined  castle,  and  supposed 
to  be  the  site  of  the  ancient  Cyhittra. 

Kara-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  vilayet  of  Adana, 
25  miles  W.  of  Tarsus. 

Karaja  Tagh,  ki-r&'ji  tig  (ano.  Mom  Ma'siut),  a 
mountain  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  separates  the  basins  of  the 
Euphrates  and  Tigris. 

Kara- Jiler,  ki^ri'-jee'l^r,  a  large  village  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor, 50  miles  S.E.  of  Angora,  near  the  Kizil-Irmak,  where 
it  is  crossed  by  a  remarkable  bridge. 

Karak,  ki^rik',  Kharek,  ki^rik',  Charedj,  Ka- 
redj,  ki^rfij',  or  Kar^edsk',  an  island  of  the  Persian 
Gulf,  in  lat.  29°  12'  N.,  Ion.  50°  13'  E.  It  is  about  15 
miles  in  circumference,  of  coral  formation,  and  has  on  its 
N.  side  an  old  Dutch  fort,  with  a  village  inhabited  by  about 
1000  Arabs. 

Karakakooa,  a  bay  of  Hawaii.    See  Eealakeakua, 

Karakal,  ki-ri-kil',  a  town  of  Roumania,  30  mileii 
S.E.  of  Krajova.    Pop.  5638. 

Karakalpak,  ki-ri-kil'pik,  a  tribe  of  Mongol  Turks, 
inhabiting  a  steppe  near  the  Amoo-Darya.  They  are  very 
poor,  and  number  about  60,000. 

Karakash,ki-ri-kish',  aisonsiderable  river  of  Eastern 
Toorkistan,  an  affluent  of  the  river  Yarkand.  It  rises  on 
the  N.  slope  of  the  Karakorum  Mountains,  flows  in  a  general 
N.E.  course  for  200  miles,  turns  N.E.,  passes  the  main  chain 
of  the  Kaenlun  Mountains,  enters  the  plains  of  Toorkistan, 
waters  Ehoten,  and  flows  through  Takla-Makan  and  Dusht- 
i-Tatar,  where  it  joins  the  Yarkand.  Length,  690  miles. 
It  is  frozen  during  the  winter  months.  Throughout  the 
province  of  Ehoten  its  abundant  waters  are  extensively 
employed  in  irrigation. 

Karakash,  a  city  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  on  the  Eara 
River,  an  affluent  of  the  Ehoten,  240  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yar- 
kand.   Pop.  6000. 

Karakita  Islands.    See  Passage  Islands. 

Kartikool,  or  Karakoul,  ki-ri-kool',  a  town  of 
Bokhara,  on  the  Zer-Afshan,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bokhara, 
in  lat.  29°  30'  N.,  Ion.  63°  45'  E.     Pop.  30,000. 

Karakorum,  ki^ri-ko'rllm,  a  mountain-pass  of  the 
Chinese  Empire,  separating  Chinese  Toorkistan  from  Little 
Thibet,  near  the  valley  of  Shayook.   Elevation,  18,600  feet. 

Karakoram,  or  Holin,  ho-leen',  a  ruined  city  of 
Mongolia,  the  capital  of  Jenghis  Ehan,  believed  to  bo 
identical  with  Eara  Belgassum  on  the  Orkhon. 

Karakorum  (or  Mustag)  Mountains,  also  called 
Tsung-JLing,  the  central  range  of  the  great  plateau  of 
Central  Asia,  separating  the  provinces  of  Cashmere  from 
Eastern  Toorkistan,  and  traversing  Thibet.  It  commences 
at  the  knot  of  Poosht-Ehar,  in  Ion.  74°  30'  E.,  and  extends 
to  near  Lassa,  about  92°  E.,  forming  the  watershed  between 
the  rivers  flowing  to  the  Indian  Ocean  and  those  in  the 
basin  of  continental  drainage.  It  contains  some  of  the 
highest  summits  on  the  globe, — Bapsang  peak,  28,278  feet, 
and  others  of  little  inferior  altitude, — and  is  crossed  by 
several  passes  of  easy  ascent  and  of  slight  elevation  above 
the  surrounding  plains,  generally  18,000  or  19,000  feet  above 
the  sea.  The  limit  of  perpetual  snow  occurs  at  18,600 
feet  on  its  N.  side,  and  at  19,400  feet  on  its  S.  side.  Gla- 
ciers extend  almost  continuously  W.  of  80°  E.,  and  form  one 
of  the  most  considerable  icy  regions  of  the  Asiatic  plateau. 

Karakoul,  a  town  of  Bokhara.    See  Earaeool. 

Karamakotan,  or  Karamacotan,  ki-ri-mi-ko- 
tin',  one  of  the  Eooril  Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
separated  from  the  island  of  Onekotan  by  a  channel  8  miles 
wide.     Lat.  49°  N. ;  Ion.  154°  39'  E. 

Karaman,  ki-ri-min'  (anc.  Laranda),  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  near  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Taurus,  63  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Eonieh.  It  has  several  mosques,  ruins  of  a  castle, 
manufactures  of  coarse  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  and  trade 
with  Smyrna,  <fcc.  From  about  the  year  1300  to  1486  it 
was  the  capital  of  a  flourishing  kingdom.     Pop.  7000. 

Karamania,  Caramania,  ki-ri-mi'ne-9,  or  Ka- 
raman-Kharidj,  ki-ri-min'-Ki^rij',  a  region  of  Asia 
Minor,  comprising  the  E.  portion  of  its  central  table-land. 


EAn 


1534 


EAR 


mostly  in  the  vilayet  of  Konieh,  between  lat.  37"  and  40"» 
N.  and  Ion.  31°  and  37°  E.,  having  S.  Mount  Taurus.   The 

Erincipal  rivers  are  the  Kizil-Irmak  {Halys)  and  the  Sy- 
oon ;  in  the  W.jpart  are  numerous  small  lakes.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Konieh,  Kaisareeyeh,  Akshehr,  Beg-Shehr, 
Nigdeh,  and  Earaman. 

Karamasy,  ki-ril-ma'see,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
Asia,  in  Toorkistan,  khanat  and  20  jniles  E.  of  Khiva,  near 
the  Amoo-Darya. 

Karamych,  k4-ri-mitch',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
left  bank  of  the  Medvieditza  at  the  village  of  Karamych. 
Length,  70  miles. 

Karaneez,  or  Karaniz,  ki-ri-neez',  a  village  of 
Persia,  province  of  Azerbaijan,  near  Tukhti  Suleiman,  on 
the  Sanik  River. 

Karang- Assam,  ki-ring'-is-sim',  a  native  state  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Bali.  Pop.  250,000.  Its  capital,  Karang-Assam  (lat.  8° 
23'  N.,  Ion.  115°  34'  E.),  is  the  most  important  town  on  the 
island,  and  has  a  good  haven. 

Karang-Bollong,  ki-ring'-bol-long',  a  distriot  of 
Java,  near  its  centre,  on  the  S.  coast.  The  population  ex- 
port great  numbers  of  edible  birds'-nests  to  China. 

Karansebes,  kSh^rSn^shi^bSsh',  or  Alt  Karanse- 
bes,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Temes,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Temesvar.     Pop.  3441. 

Kara  Sea,  a  portion  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  the 
Russian  governments  of  Archangel  and  Tobolsk  on  the  S. 
and  the  island  of  Nova  Zembla  on  the  N.  On  its  S.W. 
side  it  is  entered  by  the  Strait  of  Kara.  On  the  S.E.  side 
is  the  Gulf  of  Kara,  and  on  the  S.  the  river  Kara  enters  it. 

Kara  Shebb  Khaneh,  k&V&'  shib  E&'nfh,  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  110  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seevas.  It  stands  on  a 
high  hiU  crowned  by  a  ruined  fortress,  and  comprises  2500 
mud-built  houses.     Near  it  are  alum-works. 

Karasicza,  k3h^r6h^sheet's5h\  a  river  of  Hungary, 
joins  the  Danube  on  the  right,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Margitta,  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Karasicza,  a  river  of  Slavonia,  joins  the  Drave  on 
the  right,  9  miles  W.  of  Eszek.     Length,  55  miles. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Sn,  k&V&'-soo 
("black  river"),  called  also  Knremas,  or  Tokmah, 
the  W.  branch  of  the  Euphrates,  rises  near  Erzroom,  flows 
W.  past  Erzengan  and  S.  past  Egin,  and  unites  with  the 
Moorad-Chai  near  Eeban-Maden. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Sn,  a  river  of 
Asia  Minor,  tributary  to  the  Eizil-Irmak,  near  Eaisareeyeh. 
It  is  the  Melas  of  Strabo. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Sn,  a  river  of 
Persia,  joins  the  Aras  S.E.  of  Mount  Ararat. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Sn,  a  river  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Aleppo,  falls  into  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Dengis. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Sn,  a  river  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Itch-Elee,  sanjak  of  Tarsus,  falls 
into  the  Mediterranean. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara- Sou,  or  Kara-Sn  (anc.  Net'ttui^, 
a  river  of  European  Turkey,  between  Roumelia  and  Mace- 
donia, enters  the  ^gean  Sea  opposite  Thasos,  after  a  S. 
course  of  130  miles. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  Kara-Sn,  or  Strnma, 
stroo'mi  (anc.  Stry'mon),  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Orphano,  in  the  Archi- 
pelago, near  Orphano. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Sn,  a  river  of 
European  Turkey,  rises  on  the  B.  frontier  of  Albania,  flows 
S.S.E.,  and  joins  an  affluent  of  the  Vardar. 

Kara-Soo-Bazar,  or  Kara-Soo-Basar,  kiVl'- 
Boo-bi-zan',  a  Tartar  town  of  South  Russia,  government  of 
Taurida,,  in  the  Crimea,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simferopol. 
It  is  quite  Oriental  in  appearance.    It  has  24  minarets,  a 
Greek  church,  2  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue, 
and  a  fortified  khan  near  its  centre.     It  is  the  great  mart 
of  the  Crimea,  and  has  a  weekly  market,  a  large  annual 
fair,  and  manufactures  of  superior  morocco  leather,  saddles, 
felt  cloaks,  candles,  soap,  pottery,  and  tiles.     Pop.  11,669. 
Kara-Sn,  Turkey.    See  Kara-Soo. 
Karaszna,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Kraszna. 
Kara  Tagh,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.   See  Kara  Dagh. 
Karatal,  k4-ri-t4l',  a  village  of  Toorkistan,  56  miles 
N.E.  of  Khiva,  on  the  Amoo-Darya. 

Karatchev,  or  Karatschew,  kJ-rat-shfiv',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Orel,  in 
iat.  53°  8'  N.,  Ion.  34°  50'  E.     Pop.  11,267. 

Karategheen,  Karateghin,  or  Karategin,  k4- 
v4-ti-gheen',  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  an  affluent  of  the 
Upper  Amoo-Darya,  in  the  Pameer  table-land. 


Karategheen,  or  Karategin,  a  country  of  Aria,  a 
part  of  the  Pameer  plateau.  Area,  8500  square  miles.  It 
is  subject  to  the  authority  of  Bokhara.     Pop.  100,000. 

Karategheen,  or  Karategin,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
above,  on  the  banks  of  the  Karategheen  River,  90  miles 
N.E.  of  Hissar.     Lat.  37°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  55'  E. 

Karatova,  or  Caratova,  kl-r4-to'v&,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Braunista,  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghiustendil,     Pop.  4000. 

Karatschew,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Karatchxt. 

Karaula,  a  river  of  Australia.     See  Gwtdir  River 

Kara-Varia,  or  Kara-Yeria.    See  Yeria. 

Karazorane,  k4-r4-zo-r&'n&,  an  island  or  peninsuuk 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  its  S.W.  coast,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Makree. 
It  is  covered  with  ruins  of  the  Middle  Ages. 

Karbitz,  kaR'bits,  or  Karwicze,  kaR-^eet'si,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Leitmeritz.  It 
has  active  manufactures.     Pop.  3296. 

Karchedou,  the  Greek  for  Carthage. 

Kardasch-Rzet8chitz,kaR-d4sh'-zh£tch'it8,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tabor,  on  Lake  Kardasch. 
Pop.  2509. 

Kardiotissa,  Greece.    See  Gardiotissa. 

Kardzag,  Kardszag,  kSRd'zdg',  or  Kardzag-Uj- 
Ss^allds,  koRd^zog'-oo-ee-s&l^l&sh',  also  called  Karczag, 
a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Great  Cumania,  35  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  14,486.  It  covers  a  wide  sui 
face,  and  has  Roman  Catholic,  Lutheran,  and  Calvinistic 
churches. 

KarecU,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Karak. 

Karelia,  Carelia,  kar'4-lee'&,  or  Korelia,  a  dis 
trict  in  the  northwest  of  Russia,  partly  in  Finland,  and 
bordering  N.E.  on  the  White  Sea.  The  Karelians  speak  a 
language  regarded  as  of  the  Finnish  stock.  They  are  for 
the  most  part  extremely  poor,  and  are  hardly  above  the 
savage  state.  Formerly  pirates  and  thieves,  they  are  now 
mostly  beggars;  but  there  are  many  Russianized  Karelians 
to  the  southward,  often  prosperous  citizens. 

Karens,  k4'rinz\  a  race  inhabiting  the  mountain-re- 
gions of  the  S.  and  E.  portions  of  Bunnah  proper  and  British 
Burmah,  and  extending  into  the  W.  portions  of  Siam.  Their 
number  is  estimated  at  300,000.  These  are  of  various  tribes 
and  dialects,  and  are  in  part  Christianized. 

Karge,  or  Kargova,  Poland.    See  UirRimsTADT. 

Karghalik,  kar-g&-leek',  a  large  town  of  Eastern 
Toorkistan,  30  miles  S.6.E.  of  Yarkand,  at  the  junction 
of  important  routes  from  India  to  Yarkand  and  Kashgar. 
Here  is  a  large  bazaar,  and  its  numerous  caravansaries  are 
frequented  by  traders  from  all  parts  of  Asia.  It  is  watered 
by  a  canal  cut  from  the  Tiznaf  River.     Altitude,  4570  feet. 

Kargopol,  kaR-go'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  185  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olonets,  on  the  Onega.     Pop.  2048. 

Karine,  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean.    See  Ashtola. 

Karin'ja,  or  Karin'jah,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amrawutti.  It  has  a  large  trade. 
Pop.  11,750. 

Karissim,  a  country  of  Central  Asia.    See  Khar/lsm 

Karitena,  a  village  of  Greece.    See  Cartteka. 

Karkelang,  kar^k^h-l&ng',  an  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago.     Lat.  4°  N. ;  Ion.  127°  E,     Pop.  2970. 

Karkenah  Islands,  Mediterranean.    See  Kerkiki. 

Karkissa,  kar-kis's&,  Kakis'sa,  Kakis'ia,  or  Ker- 
kis'yah  (anc.  Ciree'rium),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Euphrates,  at  the  influx  of  the  Khaboor,  in  lat.  35°  8' 
N.,  Ion.  40°  30'  B.  Under  Diocletian  it  was  a  strongly 
fortified  frontier  town  of  the  Roman  dominions. 

Karlbnrg,  kaRl'bflSRO,  a  town  of  Hungary,  near  the 
Danube,  10  miles  S.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  1884. 

Karleby,  Old  and  New.    See  Gahla-Karlebt. 

Karlenbach,  kaR'lQn-biK\  Gross,  groce,  and  Kleih, 
kline,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  the  Bavarian  Pa- 
latinate, canton  of  Griinstadt.     Pop.  938  and  639. 

Karli,  a  village  of  India.     See  Carlee. 

Karlo,  or  Carlo,  kaR'lo,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Both- 
nia. Lat.  (W.  point)  65°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  33'  E.  Length, 
11  miles. 

Karlo'va,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Nagy  Kikinda.     Pop.  4302. 

Karlowitz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Carlo witz 

Karlowitz,  kaR'lo-^its\  a  town  of  Austrian  Moravia, 
37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Prerau.     Pop.  2714. 

Karlsbad,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Carlsbad. 

Karlsbrnnn,  kaRls'brSSn,  a  village  and  watering- 
place  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle  of  Troppau. 

Karlsburg,  or  Carlsburg,  kaRls'b53RG  (Hun.  Ka- 
roly-Fejervar,  kSh^roI'-fi'yjRVaR'),  a  town  of  Transylva- 
nia, capital  of  the  county  of  Also-Feher-Yar,  on  a  railway; 


KAR 


1535 


KAS 


aod  on  the  Maros,  48  miles  S.  of  Elausenburg.  It  consists 
of  a  citadel  on  a  height  and  a  lower  town.  The  principal 
edifices  are  a  fine  cathedral,  with  the  tomb  of  John  Huni- 
ades,  the  Bathory  church,  the  palace  of  the  bishops  of  Tran- 
sylvania, a  gymnasium,  a  mint,  observatory,  and  arsenal, 
barracks,  hospitals,  public  libraries,  Ac.     Pop.  7965. 

Karlshafen,  Carlshafen,  or  Karlshaven,  kaBls'- 
hi^f^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Weser, 
24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1648. 

Karlsliamn,  Sweden.     See  Carlshamn. 

Karlskrona^  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Carlscrona. 

Karlsruhe,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Caklsruhe. 

Karlstad,  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Carlstad. 

Karlstadt,  or  Carlstadt,  kaal'stitt,  a  town  of  Cro- 
atia, CO.  and  33  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Agram,  on  the  nav- 
igable river  Kulpa.  Pop.  5515.  It  consists  of  a  fortress, 
outer  town,  and  suburb.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop, 
and  has  an  active  transit  trade. 

Karlstadt,  kaRl'st&tt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wurzburg.  Pop.  2303.  It  has  a 
trade  in  wine. 

Karlsthal,  kaRls't&l,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  1539. 

Karmel,  kar^mfil',  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Ramnuggur,  in  lat.  32°  26'  N.,  Ion.  73°  34'  E.,  on  the 
Ohenaub. 

Karmoe,  Norway.    See  Carhob. 

Karnak,  or  £1  Karnak,  el  kar'n&k,  a  village  of 
Egypt,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  near  Luxor,  and  occu- 
pying a  part  of  the  site  of  ancient  Thebes.  It  is  noted  for 
its  grand  remains  of  a  collection  of  old  temples.  The  mod- 
ern village  has  manufactures  of  gunpowder. 

Karnes,  kamz,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
about  730  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  San  An- 
tonio River,  and  partly  drained  by  Rio  Cibolo.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and 
produces  pasture  for  great  numbers  of  cattle,  which  form 
the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroad.  Capital,  Helena. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1705;  in  1880,  3270;  in  1890,  3637. 

Karnes,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  24^  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Karnow,  Austrian  Silesia.     See  Jagerndorf. 

Karns  (karnz)  City,  a  post- village  of  Butler  oo..  Pa., 
in  Fairview  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &,  Western  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Parker.  It  has  a  church,  several 
oil-wells,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  701 ;  in  1890,  427. 

K^rnthen,  or  Kftmten.    See  Carinthia. 

Karoly,  Nagy,  Hungary.    See  Nagy  Kaboly. 

Ka^rond',  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  3745  scmare  miles.     Pop,  133,483. 

Karoon,  Karoun,  or  Karnn,  k&-roon'  (anc.  Eulae'tu, 
the  Ulai  of  the  Scriptures),  a  river  of  Persia,  having  its 
sources  in  the  mountains  of  Ahwaz,  in  lat.  32°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
50°  40'  E.,  falls,  by  two  outlets,  into  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Karotcha,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Korotcha. 

Karpathen,  Austria.    See  Carp-whian  Mountains. 

Karpfen,  kaRp'f^n,  a  free  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl, 
60  miles  N.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3480. 

Karpoot,  or  Kharput,  kar-poot',  called  also  Har^- 
poot'  and  Karputh,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pasha- 
lie  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  an  eminence  in 
a  fertile  plain.  It  has  a  Catholic  Armenian  bishop  and  an 
American  Protestant  mission. 

Karqnenas,  California.    See  Cakquinez. 

Karroos,  kar^rooz',  extensive  plains  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  terraces 
between  the  mountain-ranges.  They  are  annually  covered 
with  a  rich  vegetation  and  pastured  by  numerous  herds; 
but  when  the  dry  season  sets  in  they  become  arid  deserts. 

Karrsville,  karz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Mansfield  township,  2  miles  from  Port  Murray  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Kars,  or  Khars,  kars  (anc.  Chor'ea),  a  city  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  on  the  Arpa-Chai,  105  miles  N.E.  of  Erzroom.  Pop. 
12,000.  It  is  walled,  and  has  a  citadel,  8  mosques,  mina- 
rets, and  several  small  Armenian  churches  and  convents, 
many  in  ruins.  It  was  taken  from  the  Turks  by  the  Rus- 
sians in  1828,  in  1855,  and  again  in  1878,  in  which  year  it 
was  made  the  capital  of  the  newly-acquired  territory  or 
district  of  Kars,  which  has  an  area  of  9910  square  miles. 

Kars,  karz,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Kars,  or  Wellington,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  River,  3  miles  from  Osgoode,    P.  150. 

Karsoon,  Karssun,  or  Karsun,  kaR-soon',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Simbeersk. 
Pop.  3736.     It  has  a  cathedral  and  leather-factories. 


Kartal,  kaR-t&l',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  th« 
Gulf  of  Ismeed,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Kartaiinia,  kaR-ti-lin'e-a,  or  Karthli,  kaRt'lee,  a 
region  comprising  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  in  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, watered  by  the  Eoor  and  its  affluents.  It  contains  the, 
towns  of  Gori  and  Ananoor. 

Kartasana,  kaR-t&-s4'n&,  a  town  of  Java,  province  of 
Kediri,  on  the  Kediri  River,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Soerabaya. 
Pop.  4000. 

Karthans,  kaRt'hSwss,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  16  miles 
W.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  1855. 

Karthaus,  kart'hSwss,  a  post- village  of  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  in  Covington  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  planing-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Karthli,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Kartaxinia. 

Kartoom,  or  Kartnm,  Nubia.    See  Ehartoom. 

Kartnrpore,  kar-tur-p5r',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Punjab,  division  of  Jullinder.     Pop.  16,953. 

Ka'rnk,  a  town,  Boglipoor  district,  Bengal.     Pop.  5330. 

Karnn,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Karoon. 

Karwicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Karbitz. 

Karyes,  or  Charies,  kk're-ia  or  kar'yfis^  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  the  centre  of  the  peninsula  of  Mount 
Athos.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  Turkish  aga. 

Karysto,  ki-ris'to,  Karys'tos,  or  Castel-Rosso, 
k&s't^l-ros'so,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece,  near  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Euboea.    Pop.  3000. 

Kasaab,  a  bay  of  Arabia.    See  Khasab. 

Kasabah,  or  Kassaba,  k^-si'b&,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Konieh. 

Kasala,  Nubia.    See  Cassala. 

Kasan,  a  city  and  government  of  Russia.    See  Kazan. 

Kasanlik,  kiz^&n-lik'  or  kiz-in-leek',  or  Kezanlik, 
kdz^&n-leek',  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Eastern  Roumelia,  88 
miles  N.W.  of  Adrianople.  It  has  an  extensive  manufacture 
of  attar  of  roses.     Pop.  21,000. 

Kasansk,  k&-s&nsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cossack 
country,  Voronezh,  on  the  Don,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bogoo- 
char.     Pop.  1907. 

Kas^tsch,  the  German  for  Casaccia. 

Kasawat,  k&-s&-w&t',  a  town  of  Asia,  khanat  and  20 
miles  N.  of  Khiva. 

Kasba,  towns  of  India.    See  Kusba  and  Jessore. 

Kas'bek,  or  KazHbek,  one  of  the  highest  mountains 
in  the  Caucasus  range,  90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elburz,  and  near 
the  middle  of  the  Caucasus.  Height,  16,546  feet.  Glaciers 
form  in  its  hollows  and  passes,  the  chief  one  being  that  of 
Devdorak,  from  which  nnge  avalanches  sweep  down,  de- 
stroying the  roads  and  causing  much  damage. 

Kasbin,  or  Casbin,  k&z'bin  or  k&s-been',  written  also 
Casbeen  and  Kazbin,  a  large  fortified  town  of  Persia, 
in  Irak- Ajemee,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Teheran.  It  is  enclosed  by 
brick  walls,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  a  fine  mosque,  schools, 
bazaars,  and  baths.  It  is  a  depot  for  the  silks  of  Ghilan 
and  Shirvan,  destined  for  Bagdad  and  India,  and  rice  from 
the  Caspian  provinces.  It  has  been  repeatedly  destroyed  by 
earthquakes,  and  is  now  much  decayed. 

Kaschan,  k&'show,  or  Kositze,  ko-sit'si  (Hun. 
Kassa,  kSsh'shSh^ ;  L.  Koaso'vta),  a  city  of  Hungary,  cap- 
ital of  the  county  of  Aba  Uj  Var,  on  the  Hernad,  133  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.  In  its  great  square  an  affluent  of  the 
river  forms  an  island,  which  is  decorated  by  a  statue  of  St. 
John  Nepomuk.  It  has  a  Glothio  church  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  numerous  other  churches  and  convents,  a  fine 
episcopal  palace,  barracks,  an  arsenal,  a  theatre,  a  royal 
academy  with  a  library  and  a  fine  collection  of  natural 
history,  a  seminary,  a  school  for  nobles,  and  a  military 
asylum.  It  forms  a  kind  of  provincial  capital,  resorted  to 
by  the  upper  classes  in  winter.     Pop.  21,742. 

Kaschemir,  or  Kaschmir,  India.  See  Cashxere 
and  Serinagur. 

Ka'sey's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co,,  Va. 

Ka'seyville,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  about  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Macon  City. 

Kasgunge,  or  Kasgaixj.    See  Kbasqcnge, 

Kashan,  or  Cashan,  k&^sh&n',  a  town  of  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Irak-Ajemee,  92  miles  N.  of  Ispahan,  on  the  route 
to  Teheran,  Lat,  34°  N,;  Ion.  51°  30'  E,  It  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  towns  in  the  kingdom.  It  has  a  royal 
palace,  numerous  mosques,  colleges,  bazaars,  and  baths,  and 
manufactures  of  copper  goods,  shawls,  brocade,  silk  stuffs, 
cottons,  and  gold  and  silver  articles,  with  an  acti'^e  trade 
in  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  15,000. 

Kasheepoor,  or  Kashipnr,  kash^ee-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  31  miles  N.  of  Moradabad.  It  is  a  place 
of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  14,656. 


KAS 


1536 


KAT 


Kashemir,  Asia.  See  Cashuere. 
Kashgar,  kish^gar'.  or  Kizil-Darya,  kiz'il-dar'yi, 
a  river  of  Eastern  Toorkistan,  said  to  rise  in  a  small  lake 
situated  in  the  angle  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the 
Thian-Shan  range  with  the  transverse  chain  of  the  Pameer. 
It  joins  the  Yarkand  after  an  easterly  flow  of  about  500  miles. 
Its  principal  tributaries  are  the  Artoosh  and  Khanarik 
Bivers.     Area  of  basin,  about  58,000  square  miles. 

Kashgar,  Cashgar,  or  Kachgar,  kish'gar',  written 
also  Cashcar  and  Kashkar,  a  considerable  city  of  Chi- 
nese Toorkiston,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Yarkand.  Lat.  39°  25' 
N. ;  Ion.  73°  57'  E.  Pop.  about  16,000,  exclusive  of  a  large 
Chinese  garrison,  who,  with  the  governor,  occupy  the  cita- 
del. It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  entered  by  four 
gates,  and  is  divided  into  Mohammedan,  or  Turkish,  and 
Chinese  towns.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  ar- 
ticles of  gold  and  jasper,  and  exports  brick  tea,  Chinese  raw 
and  manufactured  silks,  porcelain,  and  rhubarb  to  Bokhara, 
whence  it  receives  Russian,  Indian,  and  other  produce.  Its 
district  comprises  14  other  towns.  Kashgar  was  a  commercial 
city  of  importance  before  the  Christian  era.  It  waa  for  a 
time  the  capital  of  the  dominions  of  the  late  Yakoob  Bey, 
and  after  his  death  it  was  retaken  by  the  Chinese. 

Kashin,  k&'shin,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  73 
miles  N.E.  of  Tver,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.  Lat.  57° 
25'  N.;  Ion,  37°  25'  E.     Pop.  7616. 

Kashipur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cassipub. 

Kashira,  or  Kachira,  k&-8hee'r&,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Toola,  on  the  Oka. 
Pop.  3873. 

Kashmir,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Cashmere. 

Kasi,  an  ancient  name  of  Benares. 

Kasimierz,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Kazihierz. 

Kasimov,  Kasimow,  k&-se-mov',  or  KasinoT,  k&- 
se-nov',  also  written  Kassimow,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  67  miles  E.N.E.  of  Riazan,  at  the  junction  of 
the  rivers  Babinka  and  Oka.  Pop.  14,102,  chiefly  employed 
in  the  fur-trade.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  and  has  many 
Tartar  antiquities,  and  manufactures  of  pottery,  cordage, 
and  leather. 

Kaskas'kia,  a  river  of  Illinois,  rises  in  Champaign 
CO.,  and  runs  southwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Moultrie, 
Shelby,  Fayette,  Clinton,  and  St.  Clair.  It  finally  runs 
southward  through  Randolph  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  at  Chester.  It  is  nearly  300  miles  long,  and  affords 
valuable  facilities  for  navigation.  It  flows  through  a  fer- 
tile, undulating  country,  which  is  a  part  of  the  great  coal- 
field of  Illinois. 

Kaskaskia,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  111.  Pop.  1220. 
It  contains  Shobonier. 

Kaskaskia,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Dl.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Kaskaskia  River,  about  1  mile  B.  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  40  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  was 
settled  by  the  French  about  1673,  and  was  the  first  capital 
of  Illinois  Territory.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

K&smark,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kesmark. 

Kasoag,  kass-og',  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  31  miles 
"W.N.W.  of  Rome.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kas'ota,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Kasota  township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Winona 
<fc  St.  Peter  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Mankato,  and  3  miles 
S.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  2  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  and 
extensive  stone-quarries.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1065.  In 
the  vicinity  are  a  state  insane  asylum  and  a  state  prison. 

Kasowitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Kasseqowitz. 

Kasplia,  kis'ple-i,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Dwina 
on  the  left,  after  a  "W.N.W.  course  of  about  80  miles. 

Kassaba,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Kasabah. 

Kassaba,  kls-si'ba,  a  walled  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 
20  miles  N.  of  Konieh. 

Kassan,  Africa.    See  Cassen. 

Kassandra,  Turkey.    See  Cassandra. 

Kassatotchy,  kis-si-totch'ee,  one  of  the  Aleutian 
Islands,  is  a  mountain  rising  at  once  out  of  the  sea.  On  its 
summit  is  a  crater  said  to  be  full  of  water. 

Kassegowitz,  kJLs'si-go^-frits,  or  Kasowitz,  ki'so- 
♦it8\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Pisek.    Pop.  1894. 

Kassel,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Cassel. 

Kassgunge,  a  town  of  India.    See  Khasqunge. 

Kassimov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kasimov. 

Kasson,  kls-son',  a  state  of  West  Africa,  separated 
from  Bambook  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Senegal  River.    The 
French  have  a  station  here,  at  Meding. 
„^**'8'*"»  *  post-office  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind..  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Evansville. 


Kasson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Kasson,  or  Maple  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Kasson  township,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trav- 
erse City.     Pop.  of  township,  450. 

Kasson,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  65  miles 
W.  of  Winona,  and  78  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  graded  school  of  eight  departments,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  a  foundry,  3  grain- 
elevators,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  ploughs,  Ac.  P.  1200. 

Kasson,  a  post-office  of  McKean  co..  Pa. 

Kasson,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kasson,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

KassOTO,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kossovo. 

Kassye-Gopang,  kis'sl-go-pang',  a  town  of  Sinde, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Indus,  28  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad. 

Kastamoonee,  Kastamouni,  or  Kastamuni, 
k&s't&-moo'nee\  called  also  Castambool,  Castambul, 
and  Costambone,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Kara- 
Soo,  114  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angora.  Pop.  38,000.  It  has 
many  mosques  and  baths,  with  copper-forges,  cotton-print- 
ing-works, and  a  trade  in  wool. 

Kastamoonee,  a  vilayet  of  Turkey,  in  Asia  Minor, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Black  Sea,  and  forming  the  northernmost 
part  of  Asia  Minor.  It  is  enclosed  by  Trebizond,  Seevas, 
Angora,  and  Khodavendighar.  Capital,  Kastamoonee.  Pop. 
about  500,000. 

Kastel,  a  town  of  Hesse.    See  Castsl. 

Kastellaun,  k&s't^I-lSwnS  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prusaia, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1220. 

Kasteloryzo,  Mediterranean.    See  Castelobizo. 

Kastelrutt,  a  town  of  Tyrol.    See  Castel-Rotto. 

Kastoria,  Kastorea,  k&s-to-ree'^  or  Kesrie,  kdi'- 
ree  (anc.  Celethrum  or  Celetrum),  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Albania,  25  miles  S.  of  Monastir,  on  a  peninsula  in 
the  lake  of  Kastoria,  which  is  about  6  miles  in  length  and 
breadth.     Lat.  38°  N. ;  Ion.  21°  25'  E.     Pop.  1800. 

Kastri,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Castri. 

Kastriknm,  or  Castricum,  k&s'tre-k&m^,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Amsterdam. 

Kataba,  k&-UL'b&,  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen, 
50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aden. 

Katacolo,  k&-t&-ko'lo,  a  cape  and  bay  of  Greece,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  15  miles  S.  of  Gastouni. 

Katafanga,  k&-t&-f&ng'g&,  one  of  the  smaller  Feejee 
Islands.     Lat.  17°  30'  S.;  Ion.  179°  2'  W. 

Katagoom,  or  Katagum,  k&-t&-goom',  a  town  of 
Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Yeoo,  135 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kano.     Pop.  8000. 

Katah'din,  sometimes  written  Katahden  and  Ka- 
tadn,  a  mountain  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  about  130  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  is  the  most  elevated  land  in  the 
state,  being  5385  feet  in  height. 

Katahdin  Iron- Works,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Pleasa&t  River,  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor. 
Here  is  an  iron-furnace  amidst  beautiful  mountain-scenery. 
Pop.  of  Katahdin  Iron- Works  plantation,  35. 

Katama,  or  Katayma,  ka-ta'ma,  a  station  and  sum- 
mer resort  in  Edgartown  township,  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Martha's  Vineyard  Railroad,  near  Katama  Bay,  3  miles  S . 
of  Edgartown.     It  has  a  lar^e  hotel. 

Katanska,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Khatanoa. 

Katcha,  k&'ch&,  a  river  of  Russia,  after  a  N.N.W. 
course  of  about  45  miles,  falls  into  the  Black  Sea  18  miles 
N.  of  Sevastopol. 

Katchali,  k&tch'&U',  or  Katschnll,  k&toh'iill',  one 
of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  (N. 
point)  8°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  26'  E.  It  is  about  12  miles  long 
and  9  miles  in  the  greatest  breadth. 

Katharinaberg,  k&-t&-ree'n&-bdRa\  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Brux.     Pop.  1711. 

Katharinaberg,  or  Katerdorf,  k&'t^r-doRr,  a  mi- 
ning town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  W.  of  Toplitz.     Pop.  1038. 

Kathay.    See  Cathat. 

Kathee,  a  country  of  Farther  India.    See  Munbepoob. 

Kathemain,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Kazameen. 

Kathlamba,  mountains  of  Africa.    See  Quathlamba. 

Kathn,  ki't'hoo\  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy, 
154  miles  N.  of  Ava. 

Katif,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  El  Katif. 

Katiwar,  India.    See  Katttwab. 

Katlabnga,  k3,t-l&-boo'g9,,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Bes- 
sarabia, 12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ismail.  Greatest  length,  18 
miles :  greatest  breadth,  6  miles. 

Katmandoo,  or  Kathmaro.    See  Khathandoo. 


KAT 


1537 


KAZ 


Kato'nah)  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N,Y.,  in 
Bedford  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
and  on  or  near  the  Croton  River,  44  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New 
York.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  carriage-factory, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Kator,  ki-tor',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Narra  branch 
of  the  Indus,  108  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Katragam,  kS,Hr&-gd,m',  or  Kaddirkamam,  k&d^- 
dir-ki-mim',  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage  in  Ceylon, 
lis  miles  B.S.E.  of  Colombo. 

Katrine^  Loch.    See  Loch  Katrine. 

Katsa'ra,  a  town  of  Boglipoor  district,  Bengal.  P.  3800, 

Katschalinsk,  k4t-shl-linsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Don  Cossacks,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Don,  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Tsaritsin.     Lat.  49°  5'  N.;  Ipn.  40°  E. 

Katscher,  k&tch'^r,  or  Ketrz,  a  frontier  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  3699. 

KatschuU,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands.  See  Katchall. 

Katse'ua,  a  town  of  Soodan,  Central  Africa,  empire  of 
Saccatoo,  capital  of  the  province  and  80  miles  N.W.  of  Kano. 
Pop.  formerly  100,000,  now  7000.  This  region  is  one  of  the 
finest  countries  of  Negroland. 

Katt,  kitt,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  27  miles  N.  of  Khiva. 

Kattegat,  a  strait  of  North  Europe.     See  Catteoat. 

Kattenhowen,  the  German  for  Cattenon. 

Kat'tleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Binghamton,  and  1  mile  from  Chenango  Bridge 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Kattowitz,  k&t'to-^itz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Beuthen. 
It  has  coal-mines,  iron-works,  and  tile-shops.    Pop.  11,402. 

Kattywar,  or  Katiwar,  kit-ee-war',  also  called 
Kattiawar,  a  peninsula  of  India,  on  its  W.  coast,  be- 
tween the  Gulfs  of  Cutch  and  Cambay,  and  belonging  to 
the  province  of  Guzerat.  It  is  mostly  made  up  of  11  prin- 
cipal and  some  minor  native  states,  partly  tributary  to  the 
British  and  partly  to  Baroda.  Area,  21,100  square  miles. 
Pop.,  exclusive  of  certain  small  British  districts,  2,312,629. 
It  is  covered  with  irregular  ranges  of  low  hills,  and  is  very 
fertile,  but  has  an  insalubrious  climate. 

Katunga,  k4-tung'g4,  or  Eyeo,  i'y5,  a  town  of  Africa, 
the  capital  of  Yarriba,  81  miles  S.  of  Boossa.  Lat.  8°  59' 
N. ;  Ion.  4°  25'  E. 

Katnngwa,  ki-tung'wi,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  on 
the  route  between  Kano  and  Katagoom. 

Katwyk-  (orKatwijk-)  aan-den-Ryn,  k&t'^ik- 
&n-d£n-rin,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Ley den. 

Katwyk-aan-Zee,  kit'^frik-in-zi,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Leyd'en,  on  the  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Rhine.  Here  are  enormous  stone  dikes,  with 
gates  to  exclude  the  sea  at  high  tide.     Pop.  5349. 

Katyf,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  El  Katip. 

Katzbach,  kits'b&K,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  joins 
the  Oder  on  the  left,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Breslau,  after  a  total 
ojurse  of  35  miles.  On  its  banks  the  Prussians  gained  a 
victory  over  the  French  in  1813. 

Katzenbuckel,  k^ts'^n-bSSk^k^l,  in  Baden,  is  the 
highest  point  of  the  Odenwald.     Height,  2300  feet. 

Katzenellenbogen,  kits'^n-Sl'l^n-bo^gh^n,  a  village 
of  Prussia,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  1096. 

Katzhiitte,  k^ts'hiitH^h,  a  village  of  Sohwarzburg- 
Rudolstadt,  on  the  Schwartz,  S.  of  Konigsee.     Pop.  1285. 

Kauai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     See  Atauai. 

Kauchany,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kaoochani. 

Kauen,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kotno. 

Kaufbeuren,  kSwfboi^r^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  on  the  Wertach,  36  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Augs- 
burg. It  has  factories  for  yam,  cotton  cloth,  machinery, 
paper,  Ac.     Pop.  5563. 

Kauffman,  kawf'man,  or  Brown's  Mills,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chambersburg. 

Kaufiristan,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Kafiristan. 

Kaufman,  kawrman,  a  northeastern  county  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  8U0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  Trinity  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Cedar 
Creek.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific  and  Hous- 
ton &  Texas  Central  Railways.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cattle,  cotton,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Kaufman.  Pop.  in  1870,  6895;  in  1880,  16,448; 
in  1890,  21,598. 

Kaufman,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex., 
on  Cedar  Creek,  at  the  junction  of  two  railways,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  3  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1282. 


Kankanna,  kaw-kaw'na,  an  incorporated  city  of  Outa- 
gamie CO.,  Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  by  which  it  is  divided  into 
two  sections  (known  as  Kaukauna  and  South  Kaukauna), 
and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  A  Western  Railroads,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Appleton.  The 
city  has  8  churches,  a  high,  2  graded,  and  3  parochial 
schools,  5  paper-mills,  8  pulp-mills,  2  flour-mills,  a  sash-, 
door-,  and  blind-factory,  2  machine-shops,  an  electric-light 
plant,  several  stone-quarries,  and  railroad  repair-shopa, 
round-house,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  834 ;  in  1890,  4667. 

Kaula,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.    See  Tahoora. 

Kannitz,  kSw'nits,  or  Konicz,  ko'nits^  a  Village  of 
Bohemia,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kaurzim.     Pop.  1661. 

KauTzim,  kSwR'zim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  26  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Prague.     Pop.  2780. 

Kausiki,  the  Hindoo  for  Cosi. 

Kausooth,  kaw^sooth',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
W.  Va.,  5  miles  from  Bellton  Station. 

Kauth,  kSwt,  Gauth,  gSwt,  or  Kanty,  k5w'tee,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1425. 

Kavala,  k&-v&'l&,  or  Cavallo,  ki-vil'lo,  a  walled 
seaport  town  of  European  Turkey,  on  the  Mge&n  Sea,  oppo- 
site the  island  of  llhasos.  Pop.  4000.  It  has  a  citadel, 
and  an  export  trade  in  cotton  and  tobacco.  Nine  miles  S.W. 
is  Eskee  (or  Old)  Kavala  (anc.  NeapolU). 

Kavaya,  Kavaja,  k&-vi'&,  or  Kovqja,  ko-vi'&,  a 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  a  river,  about  3 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic,  where  it  has  a  port, 
8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Durazzo.  Pop.  9550,  mostly  Moham- 
medans. 

Kaven,  or  Kawen,  Pacific.    See  Calvert. 

Kaw,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan- 
sas River.     Pop.  747.     It  contains  Grantville. 

Kaw,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1612. 

Kawar'do,  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  887  square  miles.     Pop.  75,462. 

Kawau,  k&-w4w',  a  rocky  island  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Hauraki,  30  miles  N.  of  Auckland,  26  miles  in 
circumference.     Copper  was  formerly  mined  here. 

Kawe'ah  (or  Cawiah,  ka-wee'a)  Peak,  California, 
a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  near  lat.  36°  30'  N.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Silliman,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of 
Mount  Whitney.  Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  14,000  feet  above 
the  sea-level.  It  is  formed  of  granitic  rocks,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  Ac. 

Kawkaw'lin,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Kawkawlin  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (Mackinaw  division),  6  miles 
N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  large  saw-mill  and  a  planing- 
mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Saginaw  Bay. 
Pop.  of  township,  in  1880,  1118;  in  1890,1249. 

Kawkawlin  Uiver,  Michigan,  a  small  stream  whioh 
runs  nearly  eastward  through  Bay  co.,  and  enters  Saginaw 
Bay  about  6  miles  N.  of  Bay  City. 

Kaw  River.    See  Kansas  River. 

Kawschani,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kaoochani. 

Kaw  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

Kayaderos'seras  Mountains,  in  the  E.  part  of 
New  York,  are  situated  in  Warren  co.,  between  Lake  George 
and  Schroon  River. 

Kayes,  kaz,  an  island  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
Alaska,  in  lat.  59°  48'  N.,  Ion.  144°  28'  W. 

Kayesikang  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Shell  River. 

Kayinga  Lake.    See  Victoria  Lake. 

Kaylor,  ka'lpr,  a  station  in  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  th« 
Ebensburg  A  Cresson  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Ebensburg. 

Kayor,  a  state  of  Africa.    See  Cator. 

Kaysersberg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Kaisersbers. 

Kaysville,  kSz'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Davis  oo.,  Utah, 
on  the  Utah  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Ogden.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Kaza,  or  Siyo-Kaza,  soh'yo  k5h'zdh\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  30  miles  from  Miskolcz,  on  the  Sajo.     Pop.  1340. 

Kazalinsk,  or  Cazalinsk,  k&-z&-linsk',  a  town  of 
Russian  Toorkistan,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Jaxartes,  100 
miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  several  windmills,  a  public 
garden,  forts  and  barracks,  and  an  iron  floating-dock  for 
steamers.     Pop.  2944. 

Kazameen,  or  Kazamin,  k&-z&-meen',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris. 
Pop.  12,000,  mostly  Persians. 

Kazan,  Kasan,  or  Casan,  k&-z&n',  a  government 
in  the  E.  part  of  European  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  Oren- 
boorg,  S.  by  Simbeersk,  W.  by  Novgorod,  and  N.  by  Viatka. 
Area,  23,970  square  miles.  Pop.  1,704,624.  The  surface  is 
flat,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Volga  and  the  Kama,  which 
here  unite.    A  great  portion  is  covered  with  forests.    Th« 


KAZ 


1538 


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minerals  comprise  copper,  gypsum,  potter's  clay,  and  lime. 
The  chief  crops  are  rye,  wheat,  lint,  and  hemp.  One-half 
of  the  people  are  Eussians,  one-third  Tartars,  and  the  rest 
are  of  Finnic  tribes.  The  kingdom  of  Kazan,  or  Casan, 
during  the  sway  of  the  Tartars  of  the  Golden  Horde, 
comprehended  the  Russian  governments  of  Kazan  proper, 
Viatka,  Perm,  Simbeersk,  and  Penza.     It  was  originally 

feopled  by  Finns,  who  were  vanquished  by  the  Tartars. 
n  1562,  Ivan  Vassilievitoh  II.,  by  the  taking  of  Kazan, 
destroyed  the  Tartar  power,  and  annexed  the  territory  to 
Russia  as  a  kingdom. 

Kazan,  or  Kasan,  a  fortified  city  of  Russia,  capital 
of  the  above  government,  near  its  centre,  on  the  Kazanska, 
near  its  mouth  in  the  "Volga,  430  miles  E.  of  Moscow.  Pop. 
(1883)  140,726.  It  is  composed  of  three  parts,— the  cit- 
adel, the  town,  and  suburbs.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and 
has  a  magnetic  observatory,  an  arsenal,  and  a  powder-mag- 
azine. Kazan  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  educational 
establishments.  Its  university,  founded  in  1804,  has  a 
library  of  80,000  volumes,  an  observatory,  a  botanic  garden, 
and  several  museums,  and  the  town  has  2  gymnasia,  a  nor- 
mal school,  a  veterinary  college,  a  theological  seminary,  a 
military  school,  and  public  schools.  It  has  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  cloths,  cottons,  cutlery,  jewelry,  a«d  soap,  with 
morocco-leather  tanneries,  and  distilleries.  Kazan  is  the 
entrepSt  of  the  commerce  between  Siberia,  Bokhara,  and 
European  Russia,  and  has  an  extensive  trade  on  the  Volga. 
It  was  several  times  nearly  ruined  by  fire. 

Kazanskaia,  k&-z&n-ski'&,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Don  Cossacks,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Don,  166 
miles  6.S.E.  of  Voronezh. 

Kazbek)  a  mountain  of  Caucasus.    See  Kasbek. 

Kazbin,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kasbin. 

Kazdagh,  a  mountain  of  Asia.    See  Garoarus. 

Kazembe,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Cazeubb. 

Kazeroon,  Kazeroun,  or  Kazerun,  k&-zi-roon', 
a  decayed  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  55  miles  W.  of 
Shoeraz.  It  is  said  to  have  several  thousand  inhabitants, 
with  cotton-manufactures. 

Kazimierz,  or  KazimirZ)  k&-zhe-meeRzh',  a  town 
of  Russian  Poland,  in  Kalisz,  37  miles  N.  of  Konin.   P.  1168. 

Kazimierz,  orKazimirz,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lublin,  near  the  Vistula.     Pop.  2606. 

Kaz-Tagh,  the  Turkish  name  of  Ida. 

Kazvfo,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kasbin. 

Kdynie,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Neusedeik. 

Keady,  k&'dee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  oo.  and 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Armagh.  Pop.  1115.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  linen. 

Kealakeakna,k&-&-l&-k&-&-koo'&,orKarakakooa, 
ki-ri-k4-koo'i  ("path  of  the  gods"),  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Hawaii,  in  which  Captain  Cook  was  killed. 
It  is  about  2  miles  broad,  penetrates  1  mile  inland,  and  the 
shore  all  round  is  covered  with  black  coral  rock,  rendering 
landing  difficult  except  at  the  village  of  Kakooa,  where 
there  is  a  fine  sandy  beach. 

Keang- Yin,  ki-ing'-yeen',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Kiang-Soo,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  86 
miles  E.  of  Nanking. 

Kearney,  kar'ne,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arkansas  River  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  169 ;  in  1890,  1571. 

Kearney,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  525  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Platte  River,  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  calcareous  and  produces  good  natural  pasture. 
Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island 
Railroads.  Capital,  Minden.  Pop.  in  1870,  58:  in  1876, 
803;  in  1880,  4072;  in  1890,  9061. 

Kearney,  a  post- village  in  Kearney  township.  Clay  oo.. 
Mo.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  and  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.B.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
ploughs.  Pop.  about  750  ;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2533. 
Kearney,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb,,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  and  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
roads,  198  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Omaha.  It  has  4  national 
banks,  1  state  bank,  1  savings-bank,  13  church  edifices 
costing  from  $5000  to  $18,000  each,  3  daily,  1  semi-weekly, 
and  4  weekly  newspapers,  a  cotton-mill,  an  electric  flour- 
mill,  a  plough-factory,  an  oat-meal  mill,  iron-  and  brass- 
foundries,  5  miles  of  electric  street-railway,  21  miles  of 
water-mains,  and  unlimited  water-power.  Pop.  in  1880 
1782;  in  1890,  8074;  present  pop.  about  12,000;  ' 

Kearneysville,  West  Virginia.    See  Kernetstille, 


Kearny,  kar'ne,  a  township  in  Hudson  oo.,  N,J.,  on  the 
Passaic  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  A  Western 
Railroad,  opposite  Newark,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  bridge.  It  has  7  churches,  5  public  schools  (1  being  a 
high  school),  1  newspaper,  a  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation Institute,  and  manufactures  of  mining  machinery, 
cotton  and  linen  thread,  linoleum,  small  metal  goods,  cel- 
luloid, sand-paper,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  777;  in  1890,  7064. 

Kearsarge,  keer'sarj,  a  mountain  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  about  22  miles  N,W,  of  Concord,  Altitude,  2943  feet. 
Its  summit  is  naked  granite.  Another  Kearsarge,  called 
also  Kiarsarge  and  Pequawket,  is  in  Carroll  co.,  just 
N.E.  of  the  village  of  North  Conway,  and  is  3261  feet  high. 

Kearsarge,  a  post-office  of  Erie  oo.,  Pa.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Erie  City. 

Kearsarge  Village,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of 
Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  1  mile  from  North  Conway  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  several  large  boarding-houses. 

Kearsley  (k^rz'le)  Creek,  of  Michigan,  falls  into 
Flint  River  in  Genesee  oo. 

Keatchie,  or  Keche,  kee'chee,  a  post-village  of  De 
Soto  parish.  La.,  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Shreveport.  It  has 
a  seminary  for  girls,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Keating,  kee'ting  (Nasby  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  R«novo.     Pop.  of  Keating  township,  1436. 

Keating,  a  township  of  MoKean  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1436. 
It  contains  Smethport,  tne  county  town. 

Keating,  a  township  of  Potter  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  78.  It 
contains  Keating  Station,  at  Forest  House  (whicn  see). 

Keator's  (kee'tgrz)  Corners,  a  station  in  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y,,  on  the  Wallkill  VaUey  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Kingston, 

Keats^kotoos',  a  post-office  of  Platte  oo.,  Neb. 

Keban-]}[aden,ka-b&n'-ma,'d9n,Kebban-Maden, 
kdb'b&n'-m&'d^n,  or  Kaban-Maaden,  ki-bin'-mi'd^n, 
a  mining  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pashalic  and  88  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Upper  Euphrates.  It  has 
from  400  to  600  families,  mostly  Greeks  and  Armenians. 

Kechan,  kdch^&n',  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  in 
Roumelia,  N.  of  Gallipoli,     Pop.  1000. 

Kechi,  kee'chee,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co,,  Kansas. 
Pop,  456. 

Kecho,  a  city  of  Annam,    See  Ketcho. 

Keck*8  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Johnstown  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Fonda.  It  has  2 
paper-mills. 

Keek's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Keek's  Church,  a  post-office  of  Martin  co,,  Ind. 

Kecskemet,  or  Ketskemet,  k^h'kdm^ait',  written 
also  Keczkemet,  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo,  and  60  miles 
by  rail  S,E.  of  Pesth,  Pop.  41,539,  mostly  employed  in 
breeding  live-stock,  tanning,  soap-making,  and  growing 
wine.  It  has  various  churches,  gymnasia,  a  normal  school, 
a  school  of  design,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  a  hospital, 

Keczel,  kdts'dr,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo  and  35  miles 
W.  of  Pesth,  It  has  a  church  and  a  trade  in  corn,  wine, 
and  cattle.     Pop.  4106. 

Kedda,  or  Kedah,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Queda. 

Kedel,  k&M£r,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Foota- 
Damga,  on  the  Senegal,     Lat.  15°  46'  N. ;  Ion,  13°  2'  W, 

Kedesh  (kee'desh)  of  Naph'tali,  written  also  Ke- 
des,  a  village  of  Palestine,  9  miles  S,W,  of  Paneas, 

Ked'geree%  or  Kgari,  kij'i-reeS  a  village  of  British 
India,  in  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly  River,  near  its  mouth, 

Kedikalah,  Asia  Minor,    See  Vezeer-Kopri, 

Kediri,  k4-dee'ree\  a  province  in  the  island  of  Java, 
on  its  S,  coast.     Pop,  676,800. 

Kediri,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Java,  capital  of  the 
above  province,  60  miles  S,W,  of  Soerabaya,  on  the  Kediri, 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  governor,  and  has  a  small  bazaar 
and  a  mosque.     Pop.  6000. 

Kediri  (or  Brantas,  brin't&s^)  River,  Java,  is 
formed  of  two  streams,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Kediri,  flows  N. 
and  N.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Strait  of  Madura,  one  arm  at 
Soerabaya,  the  other  26  miles  farther  S.,  at  Banjil.  Total 
course,  about  100  miles, 

Kedje,  or  Kej,  kij  (anc,  Ghobda,  or  Choddaf),  a 
town  of  Beloochistan,  capital  of  Mekran,  on  the  Doostee 
River,  in  lat,  26°  30'  N.,  Ion.  62°  30'  B.  It  stands  at 
the  foot  of  a  rock  crowned  by  a  fort,  and  had  formerly 
300.0  houses  and  extensive  trade,  but  has  fallen  into  decay. 

Kedoe,  a  province  of  Java.     See  Kasoe. 

Kedoos,  Kedous,  or  Kedas.    See  Sarabat. 

Kedron,  kee'dr9n,  or  Kidron,  kid'ron,  a  brook  of 
Palestine,  proceeds  through  the  valley  of  Jehoshaphat, 
N.W.  of  Jerusalem,  past  which  city  it  continues  on  the  E„ 


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1539 


KEE 


separating  it  from  the  Mount  of  Oliveaj  and  thence  20  miles 
E.S.E.  to  the  Dead  Sea.  It  is  a  mere  torrent,  flowing  only 
during  and  after  rains. 

Ke'droU)  a  post-office  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga. 

KedroUy  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  262. 

Kedroii)  a  post-office  of  Osage  oo.,  Kansas. 

Kedron,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Kedywaree,  kfid-e-wi'ree,  an  offset  from  the  W.  side 
of  the  Sata,  the  great  eastern  mouth  of  the  Indus,  in  lat. 
24°  7'  N.,  Ion.  67°  28'  E.  It  is  one  of  the  main  entrances 
to  the  river. 

Keea-Hing-Foo,  k&'i-hing-foo,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Ning-Po,  on  the 
Imperial  Canal. 

KeebMer's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Tenn.,  5i  miles  from  Jonesborough. 

Keebt,  the  Turkish  name  of  Egypt. 

Keechie,  or  Keechi,  kee'chee,  a  post-office  of  Leon 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Palestine. 

Keechie  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward  through 
Leon  CO.,  and  enters  the  Trinity  River.  The  Upper  Keechie 
rises  in  Freestone  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the 
Trinity  River  in  Leon  co.  about  16  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  former  creek. 

Kee'dysville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown,  and  1  mile  E.  of  An- 
tietam  Creek.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Here  is  the  Antietam  National  Cemetery.    Pop.  about  500. 

Kee'fer's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Keekoskee,  Wisconsin.    See  Kekoskee. 

Keelang,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Kblang. 

Kee'ler,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1131.     It  contains  Keelersville. 

Kee'ler's  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Isle  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain. 

Kee'lersburg,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  8  miles  below  Tunkhannock. 

Kee'lersville,  a  post- village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
in  Keeler  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3 
?hurches  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  250. 

Keel'ing,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn. 

Keel'ing  (or  Co'cos)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  lat.  12°  5'  S., 
Ion.  96°  53'  E.,  consisting  of  Horsburg  and  Keeling,  with 
several  smaller  islands,  on  which  a  few  English  inhabitants 
and  Malays  are  settled.  These  islands  abound  with  cocoa- 
palms  and  have  good  water. 

Keels,  a  seaport  of  Newfoundland,  on  Bonavista  Bay, 
in  lat.  48°  38'  N.,  Ion.  53°  26'  W. 

Kee-IiUng,  orKeUung',  a  town  and  treaty-port  of 
China,  in  Formosa,  on  its  N.  coast,  25  miles  E.  of  Tamsui. 
It  is  much  visited  by  steamers  for  coal,  which  is  mined  near 
by.  Camphor,  coal,  and  coal-dust  are  shipped  hence  to  the 
mainland. 

KeeI'ville,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Lyon  township,  about  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baxter  Springs. 
It  has  a  chureh>  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Keelwa,  or  Kilwah,  East  Africa.    See  Qciloa. 

Keen'ansville,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
IS  miles  W.  of  Bradford.  It  contains  a  woollen-mill  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Keene,  keen,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Bakersfield. 

Keene,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  Pop.  1283.  It 
contains  Woodville  and  Loraine. 

Keene,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsee  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Topeka. 

Keene,  a  post- village  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Lexington.    It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills.    Pop.  500. 

Keene,  a  township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1024. 

Keene,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  24  miles  S. 
of  Kearney  Junction. 

Keene,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of  Cheshire  oo., 
N.H.,  in  Keene  township,  on  the  Ashuelot  River,  and  on 
the  Cheshire  division  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  the  Ash- 
uelot division  of  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  and  the 
Southern  division  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.  It  is 
42  miles  N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  92  miles  N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  is  built 
on  level  ground,  has  wide  and  straight  streets,  mostly  or- 
namented with  shade-trees,  and  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  4  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  city  hall,  a 
high  school,  and  a  public  library.  One  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Keene  has  manufactures 


of  furniture,  leather,  pottery,  chairs,  woollen  goods,  bricks, 
and  carriages.     Pop.  in  1890,  7446. 

Keene,  a  post-village  in  Keene  township,  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Au  Sable  River,  39  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  saw- 
mills. The  township  comprises  Mount  Marcy  and  other 
peaks  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains.   Pop.  of  township,  758. 

Keene,  a  post-village  in  Keene  township,  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  6  miles  N.  of  Coshocton,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of 
Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  township,  787. 

Keene,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buena  Vista  township.  Por- 
tage CO.,  Wis.,  5  miles  E.  of  Bancroft  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Keene,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Rice  Lake,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Peterborough.  It  con- 
tains 2  hotels,  5  stores,  a  tannery,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 
Steamers  run  between  here  and  Harwood.     Pop.  400. 

Kee'ner,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  in  the  "  Oak 
Barrens,"  bounded  N.  by  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  71. 

Kee'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad. 

Kee'nerrille,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Bakersville. 

Keene's,  a  station  in  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Watertown. 

Keene  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Keene  township,  near  Mount  Marcy.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  boarding-houses. 

Kee'ney's  Settlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Kee'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  about 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Keensburg,  keenz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co., 
111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vinoennes  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Mount  Carmel.     It  has  3  churches. 

Keen's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me., 
on  the  Androscoggin  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Lewiston. 

Keen'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  about  27 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Centralia. 

:^eenville,  or  Keensville,  a  hamlet  of  Snyder  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  i  mile  from  Sunbury.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Keeo,  a  city  of  J^an.    See  Miako. 

Keepawa,  keep'&-w&,  a  river  of  Quebec,  having  a 
number  of  lakes  as  tributaries,  flows  from  the  N.E.  about 
120  miles,  and  plunges  into  Lake  Temiscamingue,  in  a  mag- 
nificent cascade  150  feet  in  height,  776  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Ottawa.  Several  miles  above  the  falls  it  ex- 
pands into  a  large  and  deeply-indented  lake  having  an 
area  of  92  square  miles.  This  lake  is  760  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  and  surrounded  by  forests. 

Keep  Tryst,  Maryland.    See  Sandy  Hook. 

Keep'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  near  the  Erie 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  IJ  miles  from  Albion,  and  28  mile* 
S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Keerbergen,  kain'biR'Ghfn,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  on  the  Dyle,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  2087. 

Keer^noor',  a  considerable  village  of  British  India,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Trichinopoly. 

Keer^poy',  Khirpai,  keer^pi',  or  Kur^poy',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  52  miles  W.  of  Calcutta,  with  cotton-weaving 
establishments. 

Keerutpoor,  or  Kiratpnr,  kee-riit-poor',  a  town  of 
the  Bijnaur  district,  India.     Pop.  9579. 

Keeseville,  keez'vil,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  and  Essex 
COS.,  N.Y.,  on  both  sides  of  the  Au  Sable  River,  15  miles 
S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It 
contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  academy  or  union 
free  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  rolling-mills,  and  man- 
ufactures of  iron,  nails,  furniture,  wagons,  Ac.  Iron  ore 
abounds  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  (1890)  2103.  Near  this  place 
the  Au  Sable  River  flows  through  a  deep  chasm  between 
vertical  walls  of  Potsdam  sandstone,  and  falls  90  feet. 

Keetah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kaita. 

Kee'ver,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Keewatin,  kee-wah'tin,  a  district  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  attached,  for  administrative  purposes,  to  Manitoba, 
and  temporarily  governed  by  stipendiary  magistrates.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Hudson's  B.ay  and  the  province  of 
Ontario  (a  line  running  N.  and  S.,  a  few  miles  W.  of  Ion. 
91°  W.,  being  the  present  conventional  limit),  on  the  S. 
by  the  province  of  Manitoba,  and  W.  by  Saskatchewan  and 
the  North-West  Territories,  the  W.  line  running  due  N.  on 
themeridianof  100°  10' W.   Area,  282,000  square  miles.    It 


KEE 


1540 


KEL 


ifl  traversed  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  and  has  a 
colony  of  Icelanders,  with  its  capital  at  Gimli. 

Keewatin,  a  station  of  the  Keewatin  district,  on  the 
Pacific  Railway,  113  miles  B.  of  Selkirk,  Manitoba.  It  is 
at  the  crossing  of  a  northern  arm  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Keezletown,  kee'z^l-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  Va,,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisonburg,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.     Near  it  are  several  churches. 

Kef)  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Red  Sea,  opposite  the 
town  and  island  of  Suakin,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  A 
bridge  extends  to  the  larger  town. 

Keff,  or  El  Keff,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Africa, 
regency  and  88  miles  S.W.  of  Tunis. 

KePfer's,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Leba- 
non &  Tremont  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  near  the 
Black  Diamond  coal-mines,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Tower  City. 

Keffing  (kSf'fing^),  or  Kessing  (kSs'sing^),  Great 
and  Little,  two  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the 
Moluccas,  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ceram.  Lat.  (E.  point 
of  Great  Keffing)  3"  60'  S.  j  Ion.  130°  40'  E.  Great  Keffing 
is  united  to  Ceram  by  a  coral  reef. 

Kefil,  ki-feel',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  a  canal 
of  the  Euphrates,  a  little  S.  of  the  ruins  of  Babylon,  with 
a  tomb  reputed  to  be  that  of  Ezekiel  and  frequented  by 
numerous  pilgrims. 

Keg  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  runs  nearly 
southward  through  Pottawattamie  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
souri River  about  5  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Platte 
River,  after  a  course  of  about  80  miles. 

Keg  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  386. 

Kegham  Sea,'  Russia.    See  Goktscbe-Denghis. 

Kegon'sa  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Dane  co.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  and  is  the  most  southeastern  of  the 
Four  Lakes.  It  has  a  roundish  form,  and  is  nearly  3  miles 
in  diameter. 

Keg'worth,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  on 
the  Soar,  and  on  the  Midland  Railway,  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Loughborough.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  1834. 

Kehl,  kail,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  on  the  Rhine, 
here  crossed  by  bridges,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kinzig,  and 
immediately  opposite  Strasburg.  It  was  fortified  by  Vau- 
ban,  and  was  formerly  a  bulwark  of  Germany  on  the  side 
of  France;  but  its  fortifications  are  now  dismantled.  It 
communicates  by  a  short  branch  with  the  Basel  &  Baden 
Railway.  Kehl  has  figured  prominently  in  several  wars. 
Pop.  1830  ;  or,  with  suburbs,  4818. 

Kei,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Ket. 

Keifer,  kl'f^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Zanesville. 

Keighley,  keeth'Iee,  orKeithley,atown  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 9  miles  N.W.  of  Bradford.  The  town  is  built  almost 
wholly  of  stone;  its  streets  are  well  paved,  and  Ughted  with 
gas.  Keighley  contains  a  grammar-school,  a  court-house, 
a  mechanics'  institute,  and  thriving  manufactures  of  wool- 
len and  worsted  goods,  with  cottons.  The  Leeds  &  Liver- 
fool  Canal  conveys  goods  from  it  to  Hull  and  Liverpool, 
'op.  in  1881,  25,247 ;  in  1891,  30,811. 

Keimfield,  kim'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  oo.,  Kan- 
sas, 28  miles  S.  of  Hays  City. 

Kei  River,  Africa.    See  Ket. 

Keiserville,  ki'z^r-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  E.  of  Meshoppen  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Keish,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Kenn. 

Keiskamma,  kis-kim'mi,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  in 
Cape  Colony,  enters  the  ocean  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  Great 
Fish  River,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  80  miles. 

Keith,  keeth,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banfif,  on  the 
Isla,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Banff.  It  is 
surrounded  by  hills,  contains  a  court-house,  a  library,  an  ex- 
cellent grammar-school,  and  3  branch  banks,  and  has  woollen 
and  linen  manufactures.  Fife  Keith,  a  handsomely  built 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  is  on  the  Isla,  opposite  Keith. 
The  "Summer  Eve  Fair,"  held  here  in  September,  is  the 
largest  in  the  N.  of  Scotland  for  cattle  and  horses.  Pop.  of 
Keith,  2657 ;  of  Fife  Keith,  946. 

Keith,  keeth,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nebraska, 
borders  on  Colorado.  Area,  1254  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  and  South  Platte  Rivers,  and  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level. 
Capital,  Ogalalla.     Pop.  in  1880,  194;  in  1890,  2556. 

Keith's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  flour-mills. 

Keithsbnrg,  keeths'burg,  a  post- village  of  Mercer  co., 
Dl.,  in  Keithsburg  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at 


the  terminus  of  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  Railroad,  17  milei 
S.W.  of  Aledo,  and  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Galesburg. 
Another  railroad  extends  hence  southward  to  Oquawka  and 
Sagetown.  It  is  27  miles  by  water  above  Burlington,  Iowa, 
It  has  a  national  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  942 ;  in  1890, 1484. 

Keithsbnrg  Jnnction,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  liL, 
on  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Keiths- 
burg, at  the  junction  of  the  branch  to  New  Boston. 

Kekos'kee,  or  Keekos'kee,  a  post-village  of  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  is  near  Rock  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fond 
du  Lac,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Horicon  Lake.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, 1  or  2  breweries,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Kek'ree,  Kekri,  or  Keikree,  k&'kree,  a  town  of 
India,  province  and  65  miles  S.E.  of  Ajmeer.     Pop.  6857. 

Kelang,  or  Keelang,  k&^l&ng',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  W.  extremity  of  Ceram.  Lat.  ( W,  point) 
3°  12'  S.;  Ion.  127°  40'  E.    It  is  20  miles  in  circumference 

Kelani,  Ceylon.    See  Kalani. 

Kelani-Ganga.    See  Kalani-Gui^oa. 

Kelat,  Khelat,  k^l-it',  or  Kalat',  a  walled  town, 
capital  of  Beloochistan  and  of  the  province  of  Kelat,  on  a 
hill,  6000  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  28°  52'  N.,  Ion.  66» 
33'  E.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  12,000.  It  is  fortified,  and 
commanded  by  a  large  citadel.  It  is  ill  built,  but  is  well 
supplied  with  provisions  and  water,  and  has  some  transit 
trade,  with  a  few  manufactories  of  arms. 

Kelat-i-Ghilzie,  k9l-&t'-e-ghil'zee  ("fort  of  th« 
Ghiljies"),  a  hill-fort  of  Afghanistan,  84  miles  N.W.  of 
Candahar,  on  the  route  to  Qhuznee. 

Kelat-Kadiri,  k^l-it'-ki-dee'ree,  a  fortress  of  Persia, 
in  Khorassan,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Meshed. 

Kelbra,  kdl'bri,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Merse^ 
burg,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nordhausen.     Pop.  1212. 

Kelcze,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Keltsch. 

Kelheim,  kdl'hime  (anc.  Celeu'$umf),  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, at  the  junction  of  the  Ludwig  Canal  with  the  Danubo. 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Ratisbon.  Pop.  2838.  Here  is  the  Be- 
freiungshalle,  a  fine  edifice,  with  rich  works  of  art. 

Kelioob,  or  Kelioub,  Egypt.    See  Galyoob. 

Kelkom,  kSrkom',  a  village  of  Senegambia,  10  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  St  Louis. 

Kel'Ier,  a  station  in  Peoria  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Peoria  & 
Rock  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Peoria. 

Kel'Iersburg,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Madison  township,  on  Red  Bank  Creek,  3  miles  from  Red 
Bank,  and  48  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kei'ler's  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Bedminster  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Perkasie  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Keller's  Station,  in  Wabash  oo.,  Ind.,  is  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Logansport. 

Kel'lersTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
foundry  with  machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Kellerrille,  Adams  co.,  111.    See  Kallbryille. 

Kel'Ierrille,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

Kel'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  in  Washing- 
ton township,  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Kelley,  Kentucky.    See  Kelly. 

Kelley,  a  township  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.     Pop.  240. 

Kel'ley's,  a  station  in  Schenectady  co.,  N.T.,  on  the 
Schenectady  <fc  Duanesburg  Branch  of  the  Albany  &  So* 
quehanna  Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Schenectady. 

Kelley's  Cove,  a  maritime  settlement  in  Yarmouth 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  300. 

Kelley's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  is  12 
miles  from  Sandusky,  and  is  on  the  island  of  the  same  name 
in  Lake  Erie.  The  island  contains  3  hotels,  4  churches,  and 
a  graded  school.  It  has  quarries  of  limestone  and  manu- 
factures of  wine.     Pop.  910. 

Kelley's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
Pine  Creek,  about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Ironton. 

Kelley's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Kel'leysville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Te^as  &  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  4c. 

Kellinghansen,  kSl'ling-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Holstein,  24  miles  S.  of  Rendsburg.     Pop.  2184. 

Kellington,  a  town  of  England.     See  Callington. 

Kel'lis'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 

Kell'nersville,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Kel'logg,  or  Jas'per  City,  a  post-village  of  Jasper 
CO.,   Iowa,  in  Kellogg  township,  near  the  North  Skunk 


KEL 


1541 


KEM 


River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Newton. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper 
oflBces,  a  pump-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  of  village,  700  ;  of  township,  1398. 

Kellogg,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Greenfield  township,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Wabasha.  It  has  a  church,  3  hotels,  4  stores,  and  2  ware- 
houses for  grain.     Pop.  about  500. 

Kellogg,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Kellogg'8  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  parish, 
La.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Delta  Station.     It  has  2  churcnes. 

Kel'loggsville,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Kelloggsville,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Niles  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Kelloggsville,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ashtabula  River,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Erie,  Pa.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Kells,  kdlz,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  on  the 
Blackwater,  36  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated,  and  has  a  sessions-house,  bridewell,  work- 
house, hospital,  an  ancient  round  tower,  a  richly-carved 
ancient  cross,  a  small  antique  chapel,  2  churches,  and  some 
manufactories  of  lace.     Pop.  2925. 

Kel'ly,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  111.     Pop.  1295. 

Kelly,  or  Kel'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co., 
Ey.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Hopkinsville.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a  tobacco- 
factory.     Pop.  100. 

Kelly,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1372. 

Kelly,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  942.  It 
contains  West  Milton  and  Kelly  Point. 

Kel'lyburg,  or  Kel'lysburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ly- 
coming CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.N.B.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Kelly  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Pa., 
3  miles  W.  of  West  Milton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about 
300. 

Kelly  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  in 
Kelly  township,  about  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Kelly's,  Pennsylvania.    See  Tdnnelton. 

Kellysburg,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Home. 

Kelly's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Hillsdale.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Kelly's  Corners,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  47  miles 
N.W.  of  Kingston. 

Kelly's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Kelly's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  10  miles  below  Chattanooga. 

Kelly's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Va., 
about  9  miles  E.  of  Culpeper. 

Kelly's  Island,  Ohio.    See  Kellet's  Island. 

Kelly's  Station,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Arm- 
strong CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  i  mile  from  Clinton.   It  has  a  church. 

Kel'Iysville,  or  Kel'lyrille  (Clifton  Heights  Post- 
Office),  a  village  in  Upper  Darby  township,  Delaware  co.,  Pa,, 
on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Clifton  Heights,  and  6  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton -factory,  Ac. 

Kel'lyton,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Opelika. 

Kel'lyville,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Kel'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  oo.,  Cal.,  about  5 
miles  N.  of  Placerville. 

Kelsey,  Lake  co.,  Cal.    See  Kelseyville. 

Kel'sey  River,  California,  rises  in  Mendocino  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  Eel  River  in  Humboldt  co. 

Kel'seyville,  or  Kelsey,  a  pleasant  village  of  Lake 
CO.,  Cal.,  at  the  base  of  Uncle  Sam  Mountain,  amidst  beau- 
tiful scenery,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cloverdale,  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Clear  Lake.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  drug- 
store, «fco.    Pop.  about  400. 

Kel'so,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the 
Tweed,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Teviot,  23  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Berwick,  and  4i  miles  from  the  English  border.  It 
is  beautifully  situated,  with  a  fine  bridge  across  the  Tweed, 
a  town  hall,  several  churches,  schools,  and  libraries,  2  news- 
papers, 4  branch  banks,  a  museum,  and  noble  remains  of 
oni  of  the  largest  of  the  Scottish  abbeys,  built  about  a.d. 
1128.  The  town  carries  on  a  brisk  retail  trade.  Its  cattle- 
market,  on  the  5th  of  August,  is  the  largest  in  the  S.  of 


Scotland.     Kelso  in  ancient  times  suffered  much  in  the 
wars  with  England.     Pop.  4564. 

Kel'so,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  in  Kelso 
township,  about  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  The 
township  contains  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1908. 

Kelso,  a  post-office  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  in  Kelso  town- 
ship, about  25  miles  N.  of  Mankato,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Le 
Sueur.     Here  is  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  580. 

Kelso,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kelso  township,  Scott  co.,  Mo., 
about  170  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber  and  staves.     P.  of  the  township,  1000. 

Kelso,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 

Kelso,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Elk 
River,  and  on  the  Winchester  &  Alabama  Railroad,  5  miles 
from  JPayetteville,  and  about  46  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Kelso,  or  Elgin,  dl'ghin,  a  post-village  in  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Quebec,  8i  miles  S.S.W.  from  Huntingdon.   P.  200. 

Kelsterbach,  kfil'st^r-biK^  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Main,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Frankfort.     Pop.  1268. 

Kel'ton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Baltimore  Central  Rail- 
road, at  Penn  Station,  46  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Kelton,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  of  Corinne,  and  2 
miles  from  Great  Salt  Lake.  It  is  an  important  point  for 
shipping,  the  exports  of  Idaho  being  nearly  all  shipped 
here.     Pop.  101. 

Keltsch,  kSlch,  or  Kelcze,  k3rch&,  a  town  of  Mora- 
via, 18  miles  E.  of  Prerau,  with  an  old  castle.     Pop.  2305. 

Kelnng,  Formosa.    See  Kee-Lung. 

Kel'vin,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  enters  the  Clyde  2 
miles  below  Glasgow. 

Kel'vin,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on  White 
Man's  Creek,  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lynedoch.    Pop.  200. 

Kel'vin  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Kem,  k£m,  or  Kemi,  kSm'ee,  a  river  of  Russia,  formed 
by  the  outlets  of  Lakes  Kootno,  Niook,  and  others,  in  the 
W.  part  of  the  government  of  Archangel,  flows  E.,  and 
falls  into  the  White  Sea,  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 
Immediately  opposite  to  its  mouth  is  a  group  of  islands,  the 
chief  of  which  is  Kemskoe-Ostrov. 

Kem,  or  Kemi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  180 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Archangel,  at  the  entrance  of  a  river  of 
its  own  name  into  the  White  Sea.    Pop.  1926. 

Kemakh,  k^h-m&k'^  or  Kamak,  k9.-m&k',  a  small 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Erzroom,  on  the 
Upper  Euphrates,  partly  enclosed  by  a  very  ancient  wall, 
and  embosomed  in  gardens. 

Kemaou,  a  province  of  British  India.     See  Ktjma05. 

Kembangan,  kdm-b3,n-g3,n',  or  Noessa  Kamban- 
gan,  noos'si  kd,m-b&n-g&n',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, off  the  S.  coast  of  Java,  in  Ion.  109°  E.,  and  about 
15  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad. 

Kemberg,  kSm'bSRC,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  3068. 

Kemblesville,  kem'b^lz-vil,  a  post-villagQ  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Franklin  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.     It  has  a  church. 

Kemi,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Keu. 

Kemijoki,  k&'me-yo'kee,  Kemi,  k&'mee,  or  Kimi, 
kee'mee,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Lapland,  rises  in  lat.  68°  N., 
flows  first  S.,  forming  several  lakes,  then  N.N.W.,  and 
afterwards  S.W.,  falling  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  about  11 
miles  E.  of  TorneA,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Kemlic,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Ghio. 

Kem'ma,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Neb. 

Kemmel,  kem'm^I,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tpres,  on  the  Kemmelbeke. 
Pop.  1700. 

Kemnitz,  kSm'nits,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Baut- 
zen, bailiwick  of  Labau.     Pop.  1317. 

Kemonlcyina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Gttuoorjeena. 

Kemp,  a  post-office  of  Hamlin  oo.,  Dakota. 

Kemp,  a  post-office  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex. 

Kempen,  kfimp'^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Posen,  on  a 
railway,  33  miles  S.  of  Kalisz.    Pop.  6168. 

Kempen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
junction,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  with  a  citadel,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.  It  has  a  normal 
school  and  a  progymnasium.     Pop.  5372. 

Kempen,  or  Kempenlana.    See  Cahpine. 

Kemp'er,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor 
dering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  740  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Sucarnoochee  Creek.    A  large  part  of 


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1542 


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the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  com,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  traverses  its  eastern  part  from  north  to 
south.  Capital,  De  Kalb.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,920  j  in  1880, 
15,719 ;  in  1890,  17,961. 

Kemper,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jersey  oo.,  111.,  on 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Alton. 
Kemper  City,  a  post-office  of  Victoria  oo.,  Te?. 
Kemp's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 
Kemp's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 
Kemps'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ala.,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Evergreen.     It  has  a  church. 

Kempsville,  a  post-village  of  Princess  Anne  co.,  Va., 
»  miles  from  the  Norfolk  &  Petersburg  Railroad,  and  about 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 
Kempten,  kSmp't^n  (anc.  Gambodunum  f  or  Gampodu- 
num  ?),  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  on  the  lUer,  where  it 
becomes  navigable,  and  on  the  railway  from  Augsburg  to 
Lindau,  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augsburg.  Pop.  12,377.  It 
consists  of  an  old  town,  walled,  and  nearly  encircled  by  the 
new  town,  and  has  a  fine  collegiate  church,  a  public  library, 
a  gymnasium,  a  Latin  school,  and  an  ancient  abbey,  where 
the  independent  abbot  formerly  held  his  court. 

Kempt  Head,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victoria  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  N.  side  of  Boularderie  Island,  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Sydney.  Pop.  100. 
Kemp'ton,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  HI. 
Kempton,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  La- 
tayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Tipton. 

Kempton,  a  station  in  Berks  co„  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  <fc 
Lehigh  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Kemp'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 

K«mp'town,  a  post- village  in  Colchester  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  5  miles  from  Riversdale.  It  contains  a  hotel  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Kempt'ville,  a  village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Rideau  River,  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  A 
Ottawa  Railway,  22^  miles  N.  of  Prescott,  and  31i  miles  S. 
of  Ottawa.  It  has  good  water-power,  5  churches,  about  20 
stores,  3  grist-mills,  3  saw-mills,  3  carding-  and  fulling- 
mills,  a  brewery  and  distillery,  a  tannery,  an  ashery,  2  iron- 
foundries,  Ac.     Pop.  872. 

Ken,  or  Kent,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Westmore- 
land, flows  S.  through  the  small  lake  of  Eentmere,  and  past 
Eendal  into  Morecambe  Bay. 

Ken,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  on  the  borders  of  the  oo. 
of  Ayr,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Dee,  above  its  confluence  with 
which  it  expands  into  the  beautiful  Loch  Ken,  having  at 
its  head  Kenmore  Castle. 
Ken,  a  river  of  India.    See  Cane. 
Ke'nansville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Duplin  oo., 
N.C,  in  Kenansville  township,  about  54  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
mington.    It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  female  semi- 
nary, an  academy,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  township,  2350. 
Kendala,  ken-di'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Romulus  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.     It 
has  a  church. 

Ken'dal,  Kir'by  Ken'dal,  or  Kirk'by  Ken'dal, 
a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  at  a  railway 
junction,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carlisle.  It  stands  among  lofty 
hills  in  the  vale  of  the  Ken.  The  houses  are  built  of  stone 
and  interspersed  with  trees.  Chief  buildings,  a  large  ancient 
and  a  handsome  modern  church,  a  fine  Roman  Catholic 
chapel,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-coat  school,  and  several 
smaller  endowed  schools,  a  town  hall,  a  court-house,  a  house 
of  correction,  a  union  workhouse,  a  theatre,  assembly-  and 
news-rooms,  libraries,  a  natural  history  society  and  excellent 
museum,  trades'-halls,  Ac.  Kendal  is  one  of  the  oldest 
manufacturing  towns  in  the  kingdom.  The  principal  man- 
ufactures are  waistcoatings,  kerseys,  linens,  baizes,  serges, 
carpets,  knit  worsted  caps,  jackets,  stockings,  and  leather, 
with  dye-,  marble-,  and  paper-works.  A  canal  provides  it 
with  water  conveyance  to  all  parts  of  the  kingdom.  The 
borough  sends  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  13,446. 

Ken'dal,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles 
N.  of  Newtonville.  It  contains  1  store,  2  hotels,  and  2  saw- 
mills, and  has  a  good  trade  in  lumber,  grain,  and  country 
produce.     Pop.  250. 

Kenda'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Charleston.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Ken'dal! ,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  330  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  or 
Piflhtaka  River.    The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversi- 


fied by  prairies  and  woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  the 
more  extensive.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Niagara 
limestone  (Upper  Silurian)  underlies  a  part  of  the  soiL 
This  county  is  traversed  in  its  N.W.  part  by  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quinoy  Railroad,  and  by  the  Fox  River 
Branch  of  that  railroad,  which  has  a  station  at  Yorkville, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,399;  in  1880,  13,083;  in 
1890,  12,106. 

Kendall,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Guadalupe  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  San 
Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass  Railroad.  Capital,  Boeme.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1536;  in  1880,  2763  ;  in  1890,  3826. 

Kendall,  a  township  of  Kendall  oo..  III.,  about  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Fox 
River,  and  contains  Yorkville.     Pop.  1445. 

Kendall,  a  post-village  of  Van  Bnren  oo.,  Mioh.,  in 
Pine  Grove  township,  on  the  South  Haven  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It 
has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
chairs,  lumber,  and  staves.     Pop.  nearly  300, 

Kendall,  a  post-village  in  Kendall  township,  Orleans 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
54  miles  E.  of  Lewiston,  and  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  several  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by 
Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  2  hamlets,  named  East  Kendall 
and  West  Kendall.     Pop.  of  township,  1750. 

Kendall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  co.,  N.C,  12  miles  N. 
of  Polkton  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Kendall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  50. 

Kendall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
W.  of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church. 

Kendall,  a  township  of  Lafayette  oo..  Wis.  Pop.  888. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Platteville  Branch  of  the  Mineral 
Point  Railroad. 

Kendall,  a  post- village  in  Glendale  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  80  milet 
N.W.  of  Madison,  and  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  hae 
a  church,  3  hotels,  a  foundry  with  a  machine-shop,  a  graded 
school,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad  company. 

Kendall  Creek,  a  post-office  of  McKean  co..  Pa. 

Kendall  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  line  between  Monroe  and  Orleans  co.,  about  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-milU 

Kendall's  Mills,  Maine.     See  Fairfield. 

Ken'dallville,  a  city  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Air-Line 
division  of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
and  on  an  affluent  of  the  St.  Joseph  River,  near  a  beautiful 
little  lake,  27  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  31  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Goshen.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  8  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  fine  hotel,  a  school-building  which 
cost  $33,000,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and 
manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  blinds,  carriages,  furniture^ 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2373;  in  1890,  2960. 

Kendallville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Cresco.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Kenderes,  k£nM&'rSsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  10 
miles  from  Szent-Miklos-Torok.     Pop.  3568. 

Kendota,  Minnesota.     See  Kandota. 

Kendrapara,  k&n-dr&-p&'r&,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  48  miles  (by  canal)  E.  of  Cuttack.     Pop.  10,682. 

Ken'drick,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  608. 

Kendrick,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Osceola  Mills. 

Kendrick's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo., 
Tenn.,  15  miles  N.  of  Jonesborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Kendnskeag,  ken-dus'keeg,  a  small  river  of  Penob- 
scot CO.,  Me.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Penob- 
scot River  at  Bangor.     It  affords  durable  water-power. 

Kendnskeag,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  river  of  its  own  name,  in  Kenduskeag  township,  about 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  farming-implements, 
Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  770. 

Keneh,  or  Kene,  k4n'Sh\  written  also  Qene, 
Gheneh,  or  Ghenneh  (anc.  Ctenap'olia,  or  Neap'olia),  a 
city  of  Upper  Egypt,  capital  of  the  province  of  Keneh- 
Cosseir,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  150  miles  above 
Sioot,  and  opposite  Denderah.  It  is  an  important  mart  for 
agricultural  produce  and   for  the  trade  with  Arabia  and 


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1543 


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Central  Africa.  It  has  extensive  manufaotures  of  earthen- 
wares, a  cotton-factory,  and  a  snperior  government  school. 
Pop.  13,200. 

Ken^esaw',  or  Ken^nesaw',  a  post-village  of  Cobb 
CO.,  Qta,.,  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  about  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  steam  grist-mill 
and  saw-mill.  Near  it  is  Kenesaw  Mountain  (1809  feet 
high),  which  gives  name  to  a  battle  between  the  Union 
forces  and  the  Confederates,  June  25,  1864. 

Kenesaw,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Neb.,  at  a 
railway  junction,  25  miles  E.  of  Kearney  Junction.  It  has 
3  church  organizations,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Keni'a,  a  mountain  of  Africa,  in  lat.  1°  20'  S.,  Ion.  37° 
35'  E.,  18,000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  constantly  snow-clad, 
whence  it  is  also  called  Doenyo  Ebor,  or  "white  moun- 
tain." A  river  descending  from  it  is  supposed  to  flow  to 
the  Victoria  Nyanza. 

Kenieba,  k^-ne-&'b&,  a  leper-village  of  Bambook,  in 
West  Africa,  not  far  from  the  gold-mines  of  Dambagnag- 
ney.     Lat.  13°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  6'  W. 

Ken'ilworth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  4^  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Warwick.  It  has  manufactures  of  ribbons, 
gauzes,  horn  combs,  leather,  and  chemical  products.  The 
town,  beautifully  situated,  has  an  ancient  church,  a  gram- 
mar-school, remains  of  an  abbey  founded  about  1122,  and 
the  massive  keep  and  some  other  portions  of  a  castle, 
now  a  magnificent  ivy-covered  ruin,  founded  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.  Kenilworth  is  said  to  have  been  named  after 
the  Mercian  king  Kenulph,     Pop.  (1891)  4173. 

Keqjaa;  Pennsylvania.    See  Kinzua. 

Kenkris,  Kenkries^  or  Kenkres,  k^n'krees  (anc. 
Cen'chrete),  a  village  of  Greece,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corinth, 
on  the  Isthmus  and  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  ^gina. 

Kenmare,  kfin^mair',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
on  the  estuary  of  the  Roughty,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Killar- 
ney.     Pop.  1205. 

Kenmare  River  or  Bay,  Ireland,  is  a  deep  inlet  of 
the  Atlantic,  between  the  cos.  of  Cork  and  Kerry,  N.W.  of 
Bantry  Bay.     Breadth  of  entrance,  5  miles. 

Kenmore,  an  island  of  Ireland.    SeeVALENTiA. 

Kenmore,  k£n-mor',  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland, 
00.  of  Perth,  at  the  head  of  Loch  Tay,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Aberfeldie.  The  village  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque  in 
Scotland.  In  its  vicinity  is  Taymouth  Castle,  the  seat  of 
the  Marquis  of  Breadalbane ;  and  the  mountain  of  Ben 
Lawers  is  in  this  parish.     Pop.  1615. 

Kenmore,  k8n-m5r',  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Kenmore,  k5n-mor',  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  On- 
tario, 19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  4  stores,  a 
tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  124. 

Kenn,  kdnn,  or  Keish,  k^sh,  also  called  Gnase,  an 
island  of  Persia,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  province  of  Laristan, 
85  miles  W.  of  Kishm.  It  is  low,  surrounded  by  coral 
reefs,  and  has  a  village  and  harbor. 

Kenn,  an  island  of  Persia,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  70  miles 
W.  of  Cape  Kenn,  province  of  Ears. 

Ken'namer  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Ken^uard',  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  on 
tiie  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Blair. 

Kennard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dayton.     Pop.  70. 

Kennard,  or  Sugar  Grove  Station,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Sugar  Grove  township,  on  the  Atlantic 
A  Great  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  steam  saw-mills.  Here  is  Ken- 
nard  Post-Office. 

Ken^nebacca'sis,  a  beautiful  river  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, takes  its  rise  near  the  sources  of  the  Petitcodiac,  and, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  20  miles,  enters  the  St.  John 
through  Kennebaccasis  Bay,  a  magnificent  sheet  of  water  18 
miles  long.  The  bay  and  river  are  navigable  for  steamers  25 
miles. 

Ken^nebec',  a  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Moosehead 
Lake,  on  the  W.  border  of  Piscataquis  co.  It  runs  south- 
ward through  the  cos.  of  Somerset,  Kennebec,  and  Saga- 
dahoc, and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  14  miles  S.  of 
Bath.  It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.  The  chief  towns  on  its 
banks  are  Bath,  Augusta,  Gardiner,  Waterville,  and  Hallo- 
well.  In  the  season  of  navigation  sea-going  steamers  can 
usually  ascend  to  Augusta,  and  large  ships  to  Bath.  Small 
steamers  ascend  to  Waterville.  The  navigation  is  closed  by 
ice  for  3i  or  4  months  in  a  year. 

Kennebec,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Maine, 
has  an  area  of  about  888  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Kennel  ec  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal 


parts,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Sebasticook  River,  which 
rises  in  Newport  Pond,  Penobscot  co.,  and  enters  the  Ken- 
nebec opposite  Waterville.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  by  numerous  lakes  and  extensive  forests,  in 
which  the  pine  and  sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Hay,  lumber,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  several  divisions  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Augusta,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  Maine.  Pop, 
in  1870,  53,203;  in  1880,  6.3,058;  in  1890,  5;,012. 

Kennebec,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  445 

Kennebec,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Kennebec  Line,  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Levis  &  Kennebec  Railway,  85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Que- 
bec.    It  contains  2  saw-mills,  3  stores,  and  4  hotels. 

Ken^nebunk',  a  small  river  of  York  co.,  Me.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Kennebunk,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Ken- 
nebunk  township,  and  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  3  miles 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  an  iron-foundry,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop, 
and  manufactures  of  boots,  ploughs,  twine,  Ac.  Several 
vessels  are  owned  here,  and  it  is  partly  supported  by  ship- 
building.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3172. 

Kennebunk  Depot,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Me., 
in  Kennebunk  township,  on  the  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Port- 
land Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  2  mills. 

Kennebunk  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.. 
Me.,  in  Kennebunk  township,  1^  miles  from  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Ken^nebunkport',  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  York  CO.,  Me.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Kennebunk  River,  and  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Biddeford.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  harbor,  and  is  partly  supported  by  navigation 
and  ship-building.    Pop.  750;  of  the  township,  2196. 

Kennedale,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.    See  Cottondale. 

Ken'nedy,  a  post-village  in  Poland  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Conewango  River,  and  on  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  BuflFalo  A  Jamestown  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jamestown.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  contains  :'. 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  about  5iH). 

Ken'nedy*s  Store,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss. 

Ken'nedyville,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Kent  County  Railroad,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  baskets.  Many 
peaches  are  exported  from  this  place. 

Kennekeet,  Dare  co.,  N.C.    See  Kinnekeet. 

Ken'nekuk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas, 
about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Leavenworth.    It  has  a  church. 

Keu'ner,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  2 
churches.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Kenner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston. 

Ken^nerdell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Clinton  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Kenner's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Matagorda 
CO.,  Tex.     Pop.  65. 

Kennesaw,  Cobb  co.,  Ga.    See  Kenesaw. 

Ken'net,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  rises  near 
East  Kennet,  flows  mostly  E.,  and  joins  the  Thames  at 
Reading. 

Ken'netcook,  or  Burlington,  a  post-village  of 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Kewport.     Pop.  350. 

Ken'nett,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo., 
is  near  a  lake  formed  by  the  expansion  of  Little  River, 
about  190  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Kennett  Square,  a  post-borough  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
in  Kennett  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore 
Central  Railroad,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     It  contains  a  news- 

faper  office,  2  academies,  5  churches,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890, 
326;  of  the  township,  additional,  1185. 
Ken'ney,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  De  Witt  oo., 
III.,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Illinois  Central  and  Terre 
Haute  &  Peoria  Railroads,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield, 
and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  2  elevators,  and 
manufactures  of  tiles  and  bricks.  Pop.  about  500. 
Ken'nington,  an  extensive  southern  suburb  of  Lon- 


KEN 


1544 


KEN 


don,  00.  of  Surrey,  parish  of  Lambeth,  li  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bt.  Paul's.     Pop.  72,507. 

Ken'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.,  28  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church. 

Ken'nonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  94.  ,,.,..    tt 

Kenock'ee,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  m  Kenookee 
township,  on  or  near  Mill  Creek,  about  54  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Detroit.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1348. 

Kenogami,  ke-nog'a-™e,  or  Long  Lake,  a  lake  on 
the  left  of  the  ChicoutimiRiver,  Quebec,  21  miles  above  its 
mouth.  It  is  about  25  miles  long  by  i  to  2  miles  wide.  It 
is  separated  from  another  lake,  called  Kenogamishish,  by  a 
ridge  about  li  miles  long  by  i  mile  wide. 

Kenogami,  or  Long  Lake,  of  Northwestern  On- 
tario, N.  of  Lake  Superior,  is  64i  miles  long  by  li  miles 
broad.  The  country  around  the  southern  part  of  the  lake 
is  rugged  and  mountainous,  with  very  little  covering  of 
any  kind  upon  the  hard  gneiss  rocks. 

Keno'sha,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  "Wisconsin, 
borders  on  Illinois.  Area,  about  280  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Fox  and  Des  Plaines  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  flax,  wool,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  found  next 
to  the  surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Kenosha  division  of  the 
same,  and  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kenosha.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,147;  in  1880,  13,550;  in  1890, 
15,581. 

Kenosha,  a  city,  capital  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  is  on 
Lake  Michigan,  10  miles  S.  of  Racine,  34  miles  S.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  51  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  connected 
with  these  cities  by  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  a  rail- 
road which  extends  to  Rockford,  111.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor, extensive  fisheries,  and  an  active  business  in  shipping 
wheat  and  other  products.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  2  water-cures,  varied  and 
extensive  manufactures,  and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  3 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  6039;  in  1890,  6632. 

Keno'za  Lake,  a  small  lake  within  the  limits  of 
Haverhill,  Mass. 

Ken'sett,  a  post- village  of  White  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  Fulton  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Kensett,  a  post-township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
292.  Kensett  Station  is  on  the  Central  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  of  Northwood. 

Keusico,  ken'se-ko,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  North  Castle  township,  2  miles  from  Kensico  Sta- 
tion (or  Valhalla)  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
and  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  a 
fiouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Ken'singtou,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  a  western  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  4  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Paul's.  It  has  numerous  places  of  worship  and 
schools,  one  of  which  is  in  connection  with  King's  College, 
London,  and  a  national  endowed  school,  an  observatory, 
a  cemetery  at  Kensal  Green,  and  many  elegant  mansions. 
The  parish  comprises  Netting  Hill  and  the  greater  part  of 
Brompton.  The  royal  palace  of  Kensington  adjoins  the 
town,  but  is  in  Westminster.    Pop.  120,299. 

Ken'sington,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  oo..  Conn.,  in 
Berlin  township,  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 
Railroad,  11  or  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  manufacturing  company 
with  a  capital  of  $300,000. 

Kensington,  a  post-ofBce  and  station  of  Cook  co..  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Kensington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Lyon  township,  on  Woodruff  Creek,  about  2  miles  from 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  and  36 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church. 

Kensington,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  642. 

Kensington,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Bayard. 

Kensington,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  18th  and  19th  wards,  and  on  the  Delaware  River,  about 
2  miles  from  Independence  Hall.  Several  railroads  termi- 
nate in  this  section  of  the  city,  and  here  are  extensive  ship- 
yards, and  manufactories  of  glass,  iron,  &o. 

Kent,  a  river  of  England.    See  Kkn. 


Kent,  kdnt,  a  county  of  England,  forming  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Great  Britain,  and  having  N.  the  Thames  and 
North  Sea,  S.E.  the  Straits  of  Dover,  S.  Sussex  and  the 
English  Channel.  Area,  1670  square  miles.  Two  princi- 
pal ranges  of  hills,  contiguous  with  the  North  Downs  of 
Surrey  and  Hants,  extend  through  the  county  from  W.  to 
E.,  which  is  elsewhere  diversified  with  many  minor  ranges. 
In  the  S.  are  Romney  Marshes  and  the  tract  termed  the 
"  Weald,"  formerly  a  part  of  extensive  forests,  and  still  in- 
terspersed with  numerous  oak  woods.  In  the  N.  are  the 
islands  of  Sheppey  and  Thanet  and  the  mouths  of  the  Med- 
way,  Stour,  and  Darent  Rivers.  The  products  are  more 
varied  than  in  any  other  county,  and  generally  superior  in 
quality.  Wheat,  barley,  and  other  grains,  turnips,  hops, 
clover,  Ac,  are  of  the  finest  growth.  Cherry-,  plum-,  and 
filbert-orchards  are  extensive,  and  much  cider  is  made. 
Garden-seeds  are  important  products.  The  stock  of  sheep  is 
large;  and  the  Romney  breed  is  noted  for  its  long  wool. 
Agriculture  is  in  an  advanced  state.  Estates  are  small, 
owing  to  the  Saxon  custom  of  gavelkind,  here  still  main- 
tained, by  which  the  lands  of  a  father  dying  intestate  are 
divided  among  all  the  sons  alike.  Paper-making  and  ship- 
building are  important  interests.  Tne  Southeast  Railway 
and  it^  branches  traverse  the  county.  The  chief  towns  are 
Maidstone  (the  county  town),  Dover,  Deal,  Greenwich, 
Chatham,  Woolwich,  Sandwich,  Ramsgate,  Margate,  and 
Gravesend.  The  county  sends  twenty-one  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  fifteen  of  whom  are  from  its  boroughs. 
Kent  was  the  country  of  the  Cantii,  and  was  the  first  estab- 
lished kingdom  of  the  Saxon  Heptarchy.     Pop.  1,142,281. 

Kent,  kdnt,  the  most  central  county  of  Delaware,  has 
an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Delaware  Bay,  and  is  drained  by  Choptank  River  and 
Duck  and  Mispillion  Creeks.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
com,  wheat,  oats,  peaches,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  interaeoted  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
&  Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Dover,  which  is  also  the 
capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,804 ;  in  1880,  32,874 ; 
in  1890,  32,664. 

Kent,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  316  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Sassafras  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Chester  River,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  fruit  (mostly  peaches)  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Delaware  Bay  Railroad. 
Capital,  Chestertown.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,102;  in  1880, 
17,605;  in  1890,  17,471. 

Kent,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area 
of  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Rouge  and  Thomapple  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  moderately  billy,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  and  sugar- 
maple  abound.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  lumber,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  good  limestone  and 
gypsum.  It  is  traversed  by  3  railroads, — the  Grand  Rapids 
&  Indiana,  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  <fc  Milwaukee,  and 
the  Michigan  Central.  Capital,  Grand  Rapids.  This  is 
the  most  populous  county  of  the  state  except  Wayne.  Pop. 
in  1870,  60,403;  in  1880,  73,253;  in  1890,  109,922. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Rhode  Island,  bordering  on  Con- 
necticut, has  an  area  of  about  ISO  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  £.  by  Narragansett  Bay,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Pawtuxet,  Moosup,  and  Wood  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  produces  hay,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn. 
The  prosperity  of  this  county  is  chiefly  derived  from  man- 
ufactures of  cottons,  it  having  about  26  cotton-mills  and 
establishments  for  printing  cotton  goods.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad  and  the  New 
York,  Providence  <fe  Boston  lUiiroad.  Capital,  East  Green- 
wich. Pop.  in  1870,  18,595;  in  1876,  20,348;  in  1880, 
20,688;  in  1890,26,764. 

Kent,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area,  840 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Brazos  River  and  its 
tributaries.  In  the  S.  part  is  Mt.  Converse.  Pop.  in  1880, 
92 ;  in  1890,  324. 

Kent,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Northumberland  Strait.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Richibucto,  Cocagne,  and  other  navigable 
streams.  Cocagne,  Buctouche,  and  Richibucto  harbors  af- 
ford excellent  facilities  for  ship-building,  and  much  timber 
and  deals  are  shipped  to  England.  The  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Intercolonial  Railway.  Capital,  Richibucto.  Area, 
1720  square  miles.     Pop.  19,101. 


KEN 


1545 


KEN 


Kent)  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  en  Lakea  St. 
Clair  and  Erie.  Area,  644  square  milea.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Thames  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Great  Western 
and  Canada  Southern  Railways.  Capital,  Chatham.  Pop. 
26,836. 

Kent,  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.    See  South  Wilton. 

Kent,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn^  in  Kent 
township,  on  Housatonic  River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Rail- 
road, 48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  24  miles  N.  of 
Danbury.  It  has  2  churches  and  the  works  of  the  Kent 
Iron  Company.  There  are  several  blast-furnaces  in  the 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1744. 

Kent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  co.,  III.,  in  Kent 
township,  14  miles  W.  of  Freeport.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  store.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1116. 

Kent,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Republi- 
can township,  on  Ramseys  Creek,  8  or  9  miles  W.  of  Mad- 
ison. It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  a 
plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  309. 

Kent,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  601. 

Kent,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Creston 
Branch  of  the  Burlington  <k  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Creston. 

Kent,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Mo. 

Kent,  a  post-office  of  Wheeler  co.,  Neb. 

Kent,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  about  55  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  hilly  surface,  and  con- 
tains small  lakes.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1403. 

Kent,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  Cuyahoga  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Cleveland,  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
national  bank,  a  manufactory  of  glass,  several  flour-mills, 
1  or  2  woollen-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  savings-bank. 
Pop.  (1890)  3501.    Here  are  some  workshops  of  the  railroad. 

Kent,  Indiana  co..  Pa.    See  Jacksonville. 

Kent  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Tyrone 
township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  at  Tyrone  Station,  19  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <&c. 

Kent  Cliifs,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
56  miles  N.  of  New  York.  Here  is  a  storage-reservoir  of 
the  Croton  Aqueduct. 

Kent'ish-Town,  a  ohapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, forming  a  N.  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul's.  It  contains  many  well-built  streets 
and  handsome  villas,  a  college  of  civil  ehgineers,  and  many 
schools.     Pop.  68,198. 

Kent  Island,  in  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  is  the  largest 
island  in  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  was  colonized  in  1631  by 
Claiborne,  who  here  established  the  first  settlement  of  white 
men  in  what  is  now  the  state  of  Maryland.  Pop.  1847.  The 
island  is  15  miles  long,  and  has  a  very  fertile  soil.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Stevensville,  where  is  Kent  Island  Post- 
Office. 

Kent  Islands,  a  group  at  the  E.  end  of  Bass's  Strait, 
between  Tasmania  and  the  colony  of  Victoria. 

Kent'land,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Ind., 
in  JeSerson  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Lo- 
gansport  with  Watseka,  57  miles  W.  of  Logansport,  and 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  flour,  and  flax.     Pop.  1000. 

Ken'ton,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about 
152  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio 
River,  which  separates  it  from  Cincinnati,  and  on  the  E.  by 
the  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  pork,  and 
tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Blue  or  Trenton  limestone 
underlies  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ken- 
tucky Central,  Queen  &  Crescent,  and  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville Railroads,  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  enters 
Covington,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,096 ;  in  1880, 
43,983;  in  1890,  54,161. 

Kenton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  in  Kenton 
Hundred,  and  on  the  Maryland  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  42 
miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  5  stores.  Pop.  of  the 
hundred,  2655. 

Kenton,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 

Kenton,  a  post-office  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Kenton,  a  post-village  in  Linden  township.  Christian 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  Finley  Creek,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Kenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  56  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  40  miles  S.S.W. 
98 


of  Tiffin.  It  contains  a  union  school,  2  newspaper  offices, 
4  banks,  10  churches,  2  foundries,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery,  sash,  doors,  staves,  Ac.  Pop.  (1890)  5557.  Lum- 
ber is  one  of  the  staple  products  of  Hardin  co. 

Kenton,  a  post-village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Middle  and  South  Forks  of  the  Obion  River, 
and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 

Ken'tontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Ky., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Cynthiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Kent's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  in 
Readfield  township,  on  a  hill  which  commands  a  beautiful 
view,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  a 
church.  Here  is  the  Maine  Wesleyan  Seminary  and  Fe- 
male College,  which  has  about  800  students. 

Kent's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Kent's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  East  Feliciana  parish, 
La.,  5i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  ploughs. 

Kent's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va. 

KenUuck',  a  post-office  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala. 

Kentnck,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kentuck'y,  an  E.  central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  bounded  N.  by  Illinois,  Indiana, 
and  Ohio,  E.  by  West  Virginia  and  Virginia,  S.  by  Ten- 
nessee, and  W.  by  Missouri.  The  Ohio  River  separates  it 
from  the  states  on  the  N.  j  its  E.  line  follows  the  Big  Sandy 
River  and  its  Tug  Fork  to  the  crest  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountains,  which  form  the  S.E.  limit  of  the  state;  the 
S.  boundary,  to  the  E.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  is  the  par- 
allel of  36°  38'  N.,  and  thence  westward  follows  that  of  36° 
30'  N. ;  and  the  Mississippi  River  marks  the  W.  limit. 
Area,  40,400  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  E.  and  S.E.  sections  of  Ken- 
tucky are  traversed  by  numerous  parallel  and  often  pre- 
cipitous N.E.  and  S.W.  ranges  of  the  Alleghany  system, 
with  deep  and  narrow  intervening  valleys,  the  mountains 
not  exceeding  3000  feet  in  extreme  height,  and  often 
crowned  with  narrow  table-lands.  Here  are  forests  of 
beech  and  cedar  (growing  chiefly  on  limestone  land),  hem- 
lock, laurel,  and  holly  (on  conglomerate  strata),  and  many 
other  trees ;  and  the  whole  region  abounds  in  picturesque 
scenery,  and  possesses  great  mineral  wealth,  but  is  at  present 
sparsely  peopled.  Westward,  in  E.  central  Kentucky,  is 
the  beautiful  and  exceedingly  fertile  "  blue-grass  region," 
with  a  soil  based  upon  blue  limestone,  and  famous  for  its 
immense  stock-breeding  and  grazing  interests.  A  portion 
of  this  tract  is  skirted  with  regions  known  as  "  barrens," 
which  are,  however,  by  no  means  barren,  as  a  rule.  West- 
ward there  is  a  large  tract  which  was  open  prairie  within 
the  memory  of  living  men,  but  is  now  well  wooded.  In 
the  extreme  W.  there  are  blufis  and  fertile  river-bottoms, 
which  in  the  S.W.  decline  into  cypress-swamps,  with  large 
shallow  lakes. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  we  notice 
first  the  Mammoth  Cave  (which  see),  and  the  other  nu- 
merous caves  and  sinks  of  the  state ;  the  salt-licks  and  the 
abundant  and  widely-useful  mineral  waters  of  the  foot-hills 
in  the  E.  central  region  and  of  the  W.  counties ;  the  noble 
and  very  beautiful  park-like  forests  of  the  blue-grass 
country ;  Reelfoot  Lake,  in  the  S.W. ;  and  the  many  thou- 
sands of  mounds,  rock  houses,  and  fortifications  built  by 
some  prehistoric  race. 

Geology, — The  Lower  Silurian  limestone  and  other  sub- 
carboniferous  strata  extend  southward  from  Cincinnati  in  a 
wide  strip,  completely  dividing  the  coal-bearing  fields  of 
the  E.  and  W.  from  each  other.  The  Cincinnati  limestone 
is  easily  disintegrated,  and  from  the  abundance  of  its  fos- 
sils its  soils  are  self-fertilizing,  as  in  the  blue-grass  country. 
This  tract  is  girt  about  by  a  wide  belt  of  subcarboniferous 
or  cavernous  limestone,  which  supports  noble  forests  and 
excellent  farms,  as  well  as  wide  "  barrens,"  as  they  are  in- 
correctly called.  The  mountain-region  of  East  Kentucky 
abounds  in  splendid  beds  of  bituminous,  block,  and  cannel 
coal*,  and  is  plentifully  supplied  with  excellent  iron  ores. 
It  is  also  finely  timbered,  and  has  abundance  of  salt-licks 
and  springs,  and  petroleum  is  obtained  at  various  points. 
This  region  lacks  railroads,  is  scantily  peopled,  and  its 
vast  mineral  stores  are  utilized  but  very  imperfectly. 
The  area  of  the  eastern  coal-field  is  put  at  10,000  square 
miles.  The  western  coal-field  has  an  area  of  4000  square 
miles,  bordering  upon  Illinois  and  Indiana  and  containing 
both  block  and  cannel  coals.  In  1880  the  product  was 
946,288  tons,  and  in  1889,  2,399,775  tons.  The  fine  cannel 
coals  of  Kentucky  are  now  largely  used  at  home  and  abroad 
in  markets  formerly  supplied  by  England  and  Australia. 
In  the  abundance  and  richness  of  its  iron  ores  it  is  conceded. 


KEN 


1546 


KEN 


that  no  state  excels  it.  Lead  is  traced  at  several  places. 
Epsom  and  other  cathartic  salts  are  manufactured  to  some 
extent  from  its  mineral  waters,  and  nitre  has  been  obtained 
from  the  earth  of  its  caverns.  The  S.W.  part  of  the  state 
is  of  the  cretaceous  and  tertiary  formations. 

Agricultural  Resources. — Kentucky  has  a  high  reputa- 
tion as  a  stock-raising  state.  Its  splendid  herds  of  short- 
horn cattle  and  excellent  thoroughbred  horses  have  a 
world-wide  fame.  Not  less  important  is  the  breeding  of 
mules,  of  which  many  thousands  are  yearly  exported 
largely  to  the  Gulf  states,  and  of  swine,  chiefly  marketed 
at  Louisville  and  Cincinnati.  The  blue  grass  furnishes 
pasture  throughout  the  year.  The  wool-product  is  large  and 
of  excellent  quality.  Wheat  of  high  excellence  is  a  leading 
crop.  Indian  corn,  hemp,  and  tobacco  are  productions  for 
which  the  climate  is  especially  adapted. 

Manufactures. — The  Ohio  River  towns  have  become  seats 
of  varied  manufacturing  interests ;  but  the  manufacture  of 
greatest  extent  and  widest  importance  is  the  smelting  and 
working  of  iron.  This  industry  finds  its  principal  seat  at 
present  in  the  N.B.  counties.  Whisky  is  a  leading  product 
of  the  central  belt.  Salt  is  quite  largely  made  by  boiling 
the  spring-waters  of  Clay  and  other  counties.  Glass-blow- 
ing is  carried  on  along  the  Upper  Ohio.  Cooperage,  the 
tobacco-manufacture,  flour-  and  lumber-milling,  and  the 
production  of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  rope,  bagging,  fur- 
niture, carriages,  and  machinery,  all  employ  considerable 
capital.  The  existence  of  abundant  water-power  and  cheap 
fuel  indicates  a  great  future  development  of  manufacturing 
industry. 

River*. — Several  affluents,  large  and  small,  of  the  Ohio 
are  adapted  to  steamboat  navigation.  The  Tennessee  and 
Cumberland  Rivers  are  important  channels  of  commerce. 
The  Kentucky,  Green,  Licking,  and  Big  Sandy  admit  of 
considerable  navigation^  and  this  has  been  largely  ex- 
tended by  means  of  slackwater  improvements,  such  as 
locks,  dams,  and  short  canals.  The  Kentucky  River,  at 
high  stages,  brings  down  large  amounts  of  freight  upon 
flat-boats.  The  extent  of  the  navigable  waters  of  Kentucky 
is  placed  at  4000  miles. 

Railroads. — This  state  early  developed  a  splendid  system 
of  macadamized  roads,  which,  with  her  navigable  streams, 
for  many  years  gave  her  a  pre-eminence  in  point  of  inter- 
nal communication.  As  a  pastoral  and  agricultural  state, 
with  undeveloped  mining  and  manufacturing  interests, 
Kentucky  for  a  long  time  did  not  feel  the  need  of  improved 
methods  of  conveyance.  In  1841  she  had  28  miles  of  rail- 
road; in  1848,  28  miles;  in  1855,  242  miles;  in  1860,  534 
miles;  in  1865,  567  miles;  in  1870,  1017  miles;  in  1875, 
1326  miles;  in  1890,  2946  miles;  built  at  the  cost,  for  road 
and  works,  of  about  $37,668  per  ayerage  road-mile.  By 
means  of  these  roads  the  principal  towns  and  cities  of  the 
state  are  connected  with  the  commercial  centres  of  all  parts 
of  the  United  States. 

Finances.— The  total  state  debt  in  1890  was  $1,671,133, 
of  which  outstanding  bonds  amounting  to  $680,394,  due  in 
1896,  are  more  than  provided  for  by  the  sinking-fund  of 
$715,208.     The  deficit  in  the  general  fund  is  increasing. 

Education. — In  1798  the  Transylvania  University  (now 
Kentucky  University)  was  founded  at  Lexington,  and  other 
colleges  and  academies  soon  followed.  In  1821  some  pro- 
vision was  made  for  a  school-fund ;  and  a  public  school  sys- 
tem was  framed  in  1838.  The  present  school  laws  came 
into  force  in  1873.  There  are  permanent  state  and  county 
funds,  and  a  school  income  derived  from  general,  special, 
local,  and  district  taxation.  Separate  schools  are  main- 
tained for  colored  pupils.  There  are  several  towns  with 
good  systems  of  graded  schools.  With  Kentucky  University 
are  affiliated  the  state  agricultural  college  and  4  professional 
schools.  There  are  some  12  denominational  colleges  (to  4 
of  which  ladies  are  admitted),  besides  not  less  than  18 
ladies'  colleges.  There  is  a  public  normal  school  at  Louis- 
ville, besides  several  private  normal  and  training  schools. 
There  are  5  schools  of  theology,  1  of  law,  5  of  medicine,  2 
of  pharmacy,  and  1  of  military  science.     The  number  of 

Parish  and  other  private  schools  and  academies  is  large, 
'here  is  a  state  institution  for  deaf-mutes  at  Danville,  one 
for  the  blind  at  Louisville,  one  for  the  feeble-minded  at 
Frankfort,  state  insane  hospitals  at  Lexington  and  Hop- 
kinsville,  a  state  penitentiary  at  Frankfort,  a  house  of 
refuge  for  boys  and  girls  at  Louisville,  and  ten  orphanages 
in  diflferent  parts  of  the  state.  Public  instruction  is  under 
the  care  of  a  state  superintendent  and  a  state  board  of 
education,  assisted  by  county  commissioners. 

Counties. — Kentucky  is  (1890)  divided  into  119  coun- 
ties :  Adair,  Allen,  Anderson,  Ballard,  Barren,  Bath,  Bell, 
Boone,  Bourbon,  Boyd,  Boyle,  Bracken,  Breathitt,  Brecken- 


ridge,  Bullitt,  Butler,  Caldwell,  Calloway,  Campbell,  Car- 
lisle, Carroll,  Carter,  Casey,  Christian,  Clark,  Clay,  Clin- 
ton, Crittenden,  Cumberland,  Daviess,  Edmondson,  Elliott, 
Estill,  Fayette,  Fleming,  Floyd,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gallatin, 
Garrard,  Grant,  Graves,  Grayson,  Green,  Greenup,  Han- 
cock, Hardin,  Harlan,  Harrison,  Hart,  Henderson,  Henry, 
Hickman,  Hopkins,  Jackson,  Jeflferson,  Jessamine,  John- 
son, Kenton,  Knott,  Knox,  La  Rue,  Laurel,  Lawrence,  Lee, 
Leslie,  Letcher,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Livingston,  Logan,  Lyon, 
Madison,  Magoffin,  Marion,  Marshall,  Martin,  Mason,  Mc- 
Cracken,  McLean,  Meade,  Menifee,  Mercer,  Metcalfe,  Mon- 
roe, Montgomery,  Morgan,  Muhlenburg,  Nelson,  Nicholas, 
Ohio,  Oldham,  Owen,  Owsley,  Pendleton,  Perry,  Pike, 
Powell,  Pulaski,  Robertson,  Rock  Castle,  Rowan,  Russell, 
Scott,  Shelby,  Simpson,  Spencer,  Taylor,  Todd,  Trigg, 
Trimble,  Union,  Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Webster, 
Whitley,  Wolfe,  and  Woodford. 

Cities  and  Tovma. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Louisville, 
at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the 
state  (pop.  in  1890, 161,129);  Covington  (37,371)  and  New- 
port (24,918),  manufacturing  cities  on  the  Ohio,  opposite 
Cincinnati;  Lexington,  the  emporium  of  the  blue-grass 
country  (21,567) ;  Paducah,  on  the  Lower  Ohio  (12,797) ; 
Owensborough  (9837)  and  Henderson  (8835),  both  large 
tobacco  markets  on  the  Ohio ;  Frankfort,  the  state  capital 
(7892) ;  Bowling  Green  (7803) ;  besides  many  places  which, 
though  not  very  populous,  have  large  commercial  interests, 
such  as  Hopkinsville,  Maysville,  Richmond,  Winchester, 
Dayton,  Paris,  Ashland,  Danville,  and  others. 

The  state  constitution  now  in  force  was  adopted  in  1850. 
The  governor  and  nearly  all  the  principal  executive  officers, 
and  the  38  state  senators,  are  chosen  for  the  term  of  four 
years.  There  are  100  representatives,  who  serve  two  years. 
Voters  must  have  resided  2  years  in  the  state,  1  year  in 
the  county,  and  60  days  in  the  precinct  where  they  vote. 
Judicial  officers  are  elected  by  the  people  for  limited  terms 
of  service.  The  state  sends  eleven  representatives  to  the 
lower  house  of  Congress. 

History. — Kentucky,  whose  name  is  said  to  signify  "  dark 
and  bloody  ground,"  was  the  ancient  hunting-ground  for 
both  northern  and  southern  tribes  of  Indians,  and  few  of 
either  section  made  it  a  permanent  abode,  each  class  seem- 
ing to  dread  the  hostility  of  the  other,  although  there  is 
abundant  evidence  that  the  mound-builders  of  the  distant 
past  lived  here  in  considerable  numbers.  In  1769  Daniel 
Boone  established  himself  in  this  region,  and  was  followed 
by  numerous  hardy  adventurers  from  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina.  In  1775  they  organized  a  local  government,  and 
gave  their  new  country  the  name  of  Transylvania;  but  in 
1776  Virginia  declared  the  whole  region  a  county,  and  after- 
wards a  district,  of  her  own.  In  1790,  after  much  dispute, 
it  became  a  portion  of  the  new  United  States  "  Territory 
south  of  the  Ohio,"  and  in  1792  the  state  was  received  into 
the  Union  with  its  present  limits.  Kentucky  bore  a  highly 
honorable  part  in  the  war  of  1812-15,  and  again  in  the 
Mexican  war.  As  a  slave  state,  many  of  her  people  sympa- 
thized with  the  South  during  the  war  of  1861-65 ;  but  the 
Union  party,  sustained  by  the  presence  of  Federal  troops, 
were  strong  enough  to  prevent  the  secession  of  the  state, 
which  was,  however,  the  arena  of  several  active  campaigns. 

Population. — In  1790  the  population  was  73,677 ;  in  1800, 
220,955;  in  1810,  406,611;  in  1820,  564,135;  in  1830, 
687,917;  in  1840,  779,828;  in  1850,  982,405;  in  1860, 
1,155,684;  in  1870,1,321,011;  in  1880, 1,648,690 ;  in  1890, 
1,858,635. 

Kentucky,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  k  Yin- 
cennes  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Danville,  HI. 

Kentucky,  a  township  of  Jeflferson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1546.     It  contains  Perry  and  Medina. 

Kentucky  River  is  formed  by  the  North  and  South 
Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Cumberland  Mountains  and  unite 
at  Proctor,  Ky.  It  runs  generally  northwestward,  with 
many  abrupt  deviations  from  a  direct  course,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Clark,  Fayette,  Jessa- 
mine, and  Woodford  on  the  right,  and  Madison,  Garrard, 
Mercer,  and  Anderson  on  the  left.  It  subsequently  inter- 
sects Franklin  co.,  forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  Owen  co.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  CarroUton.  Its  length  is  estimated 
at  250  miles,  or,  if  we  include  one  fork,  350  miles.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  it  to  Frankfort,  the  capital  of  the  state. 
Near  this  place  the  river  runs  in  a  deep  chasm  between 
perpendicular  walls  of  limestone.  It  traverses  a  beautiful 
and  fertile  country.  The  North  Fork  of  the  river,  which 
some  regard  as  the  main  stream,  runs  northwestward 
through  Perry  and  Breathitt  cos.  The  South  Fork  runs 
northward  through  Owsley  co.  to  Proctor.  Between  these 
is  a  small   stream   called   the  Middle   Fork,  which  flow* 


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northward  through  Breathitt  oo.,  and  enters  the  North 
Fork  about  3  miles  above  Proctor. 

Kentucky  Town,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Savoy.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Kent'ville,  a  post-town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  the 
00.  of  Kings,  on  the  Cornwallis  River,  and  on  the  Windsor 
&  Annapolis  Railway,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.  It  has  a 
branch  bank,  several  mills,  an  oflBce  issuing  a  weekly  news- 
paper, and  about  20  stores.     Pop.  1779. 

Kenty,  kSn'tee,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  circle  of  Wad- 
owice,  on  the  Sola,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  3424. 

Kentyre,  ken-tir',  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Kenvil,  New  Jersey.     See  McCainsville. 

Ken'AVOod,  a  village  of  Albany  oo.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S. 
of  Albany  by  horse  railway.  It  has  a  large  convent  and 
academy. 

Ken'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Black  River,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Batesville.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Keuyon,  a  post- village  in  Eenyon  township,  Goodhue 
00.,  Minn.,  on  the  Zumbro  River,  14  miles  E.  of  Faribault, 
and  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  879. 

Kenyon,  Ontario.    See  Bunveoam. 

Kenyon  College,  in  Ohio.    See  Gaubikr. 

Kenyon's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I. 
Pop.  95. 

Ken'yoUTille,  a  village  in  Woodstock  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  on  Still  River,  9  or  10  miles  W.  of  Putnam. 
It  has  a  woollen-mill  and  a  grist-mill.  The  nearest  post- 
ofBee  is  Woodstock  Valley. 

Kenyonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Carlton  township,  on  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  2  miles  from 
Waterport  Station,  and  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Roches- 
ter.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kenzie,  ken'zee,  a  post-office  of  Tell  co.,  Ark. 

Kenzingen,  kSnt'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Eltz,  and  on  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Freiburg,  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2356. 

Keocloch,  kee'o-kloK,  a  mountain  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  between  the  inlets  of  Loch  Gruinard 
and  Little  Loch  Broom. 

Keokuk,  ke'o-k&k,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Skunk 
River,  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  which  unite  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  county ;  it  is  also  drained  by  the  South 
Fork  of  English  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts  of  hard  timber.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cattle,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  ooal 
ave  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul,  Chicago  &  Northwestern, 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern,  and  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Sigourney.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,434;  in  1880,  21,258;  in  1890,  23,862. 

Keokuk,  a  city  of  Iowa,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Lee 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Lower  Rapids,  about  205  miles  above  St.  Louis,  and  46 
miles  below  Burlington.  Lat.  40°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  27'  W. 
By  railroad  it  is  161  miles  B.S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  250 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  The  largest  steamboats  can  as- 
cend the  river  to  this  place.  Keokuk  is  built  on  a  stratum 
of  fine  limestone,  which  is  a  good  material  for  building. 
It  is  connected  with  Hamilton,  111.,  by  a  railroad-  and 
'wagon-bridge  across  the  river,  which  is  here  a  mile  wide 
and  is  bordered  by  bluffs  nearly  150  feet  high.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  and  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Keokuk  <fc  Des 
Moines  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  connects  here  with  the  Toledo,  Peoria  4k  West- 
em  Railroad,  and  with  branches  of  the  Wabash  and  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &>  Quincy  Railroads.  The  Keokuk  & 
Western  Railroad  extends  from  this  city  to  Van  Wert, 
and  the  Keokuk  and  Northwestern  Railroad  to  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant. Keokuk  contains  19  churches,  a  high  school,  2  med- 
ical colleges,  a  commercial  college,  a  public  library,  2 
national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  1  other  bank.  Three 
daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has 
2  breweries,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops,  2  flour-mills, 
lumber-mills,  cooperages,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  can- 
dles, glue,  tin  cans,  powder,  sash,  doors,  baskets,  tobacco, 
Ac.  Keokuk  is  the  terminus  of  a  ship-canal  7i  miles  long 
and  300  feet  wide,  supplying  at  the  lowest  stage  of  water 
not  less  than  5  feet.  Pop.  in  1880, 12,117 ;  in  1890, 14,101. 
Keokuk  Junction,  or  Labu'da,  a  post-village  in 
North-East  township,  Adams  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington A  Quinoy  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash 


Railroad,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churchef 
and  a  graded  school. 

Keoivjur,  India.    See  Keunjhar. 

Keosauqna,  ke-o-sawk'wa,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Van  Buren  township,  on  the  left 
or  N.  bank  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  48  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Burlington,  and  33  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  The  river  nearly  encloses  this  village.  Keosau- 
qua  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Keo'ta,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lafay- 
ette township,  on  the  Washington  A  Knoxville  Branch  of 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  W. 
of  Washington.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  4 
churches,  a  graded  sohool,  a  foundry,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a 
manufactory  of  organs,  Ao.     Pop.  900. 

Ke^owee',  a  post-office  of  Oconee  00.,  S.C.  Pop.  of 
Keowee  township,  1120. 

Ke'ownville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Miss.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Ripley,  and  10  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Kephalonia,  island.     See  Cephalokia. 

Kep'uersville,  a  village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
West  Penn  township,  4  miles  from  New  Ringgold  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

Keppeln,  kSp'p^ln,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Dusseldorf,  circle  of  Cleves.     Pop.  1480. 

Kep'pel's  Isle,  Australia,  6  miles  from  the  N.E.  coast, 
oflF  Keppel  Bay.     Lat.  23°  11'  S. ;  Ion.  161°  8'  E. 

Kerah,  k4'r&,  Kherkhah,  kdr'ki,  Kara-Soo,  k&*- 
ri'-soo,  or  Hawee'za  (anc.  Choaa'pes),  a  river  of  Persia, 
rising  in  lat.  35°  38'  N.,  Ion.  46°  40'  E,,  35  miles  below 
Kermanshah  is  joined  by  two  large  branches, — the  Mori  and 
the  Gomas-Si,  where  it  is  known  as  the  Kerah.  It  falls 
into  the  Shat-el-Arab  at  lat.  31°  N.     Length,  350  miles. 

Kera-Islak,  the  Turkish  for  Moldayia. 

Kerama,  an  isle  of  Japan.    See  Amikirrima. 

Keranichfeld,  a  town  of  Saxony.     See  Kranichfeld. 

Kerasun,  or  Kerasunt,  Turkey.    See  Keresoon. 

Kerbela,  k^R-b^'li^,  or  Meshed-Hossein,  mdsh^- 
Sd'-hos^sin',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  28  miles  N.W.  of  the 
ruins  of  Babylon,  on  an  ancient  canal  from  the  Euphrates. 
It  is  large,  and  appears  to  be  flourishing.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  mosque  and  tomb  of  Hossein,  a  son  of 
Ali,  which  is  much  venerated  by  the  Persians. 

Ker'by,  or  Ker'byville,  a  post-village  of  Josephine 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  Illinois  River,  about  220  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Salem,  and  40  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  hilly  country. 

Kerbyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  00.,  Mo.,  in  Swan 
township,  52  miles  S.  of  Springfield. 

Kerckhove,  or  Kerknove,  kjRk'ho-v^h,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  28  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bruges.     Pop.  1500. 

Kerek,  ki^rSk',  a  town  of  Syria,  E.  of  the  Dead  Sea, 
and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Jerusalem. 

Kerensk,  ki-rSnsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
91  miles  W.N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the  Vad.     Pop.  2526. 

Kerenzen,  k^-rSnt's^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Glarus,     Pop.  1556. 

Kere'ra,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  00.  of 
Argyle,  in  the  Sound  of  Mull,  forming  the  W.  screen  of  the 
beautiful  bay  of  Oban,  about  7  miles  E.  of  the  island  of 
Mull,  to  which  there  is  a  ferry.  Length,  5  miles ;  breadth, 
2  miles.     Alexander  II.  died  here  in  1249. 

Keresoon,  Keresoun,  Kerasun,  Kherasoon) 
ki-ra-soon',  or  Kerasunt,  k&-r§.-soont'  (anc.  Cer'asua), 
a  seaport  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  70  miles  W.  of  Trebizond, 
on  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  40°  57'  10"  N.j  Ion.  38°  22'  E. 
Pop.  3000.  It  stands  on  a  rocky  promontory,  with  a  spa- 
cious bay  on  its  E.  side.     Near  it  are  mines  of  alum. 

Keresztur,  Hungary.     See  Bodrogh-Keresztur. 

Keresztut,  ki-rdsHoot',  a  village  of  Hungary,  00.  of 
Szabolcs,  46  miles  N.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  1836. 

Keret,  k^-r£t',  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  W.  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Archangel.  Lat.  66°  N. ;  Ion.  32°  30'  E.  It 
is  about  20  miles  long  by  about  9  miles  broad,  and  contains 
a  large  island. 

Kerguelen(k9rg'§-l§n;  Fr.pron.  k4R^g%-l6N»')  Land, 
or  Island  of  Desolation,  an  island  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  in  lat.  50°  S.,  Ion.  70°  E.  Length,  about  100  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  50  miles.  It  is  sterile,  or  covered  with 
moss,  and  inhabited  by  wild  fowl.  It  was  discovered  by 
Kerguelen,  a  French  navigator,  about  the  year  1772.  It 
produces  a  curious  and  useful  plant,  the  Kerguelen  Land 
cabbage,  and  is  said  to  have  beds  of  coal. 


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Kerhonk'son,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
»be  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Canal, 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Keridi)  the  Turkish  name  of  Crete. 

Kerin'ia,  or  Keryn'ia,  a  seaport  town  of  Cyprus,  on 
its  N.  coast,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lefkosia. 

KerisS  or  Kiris',  a  village  of  Bulti,  just  above  the 
junction  of  the  Shayook  and  the  Indus,  89  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Serinagur. 

Kerka,  kfiR'ki,  or  Tizio,  teed'ze-o  (anc.  Titiusf),  a 
river  of  Dalmatia,  enters  the  Adriatic  a  little  below  Sebenico, 
after  a  S.  course  of  60  miles. 

Kerkesiah,  kdr-k^-see'A,  or  Kalneh,  k&l'n^h,  an 
ancient  town  of  Mesopotamia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Kha- 
boor  with  the  Euphrates,  lat.  35°  25'  N, 

Kerkhah,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Eerah. 

Kerkhove,  Belgium.    See  Kerckhove. 

Kerkho'ven,  a  post-village  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  118  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop. 
of  Kerkhoven  township,  474. 

Kerkinet  Gulf.    See  Gulf  of  Eerkutit. 

Ker'kini,  or  Kar'kenah  (anc.  Oerdna),  an  island 
group  of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Tunis,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Cabes,  the  principal  island  being  150  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Tunis.  Though  rooky  and  sterile,  some  are  inhabited, 
and  on  the  largest  are  several  villages  and  a  oastle. 

Kerkisyahf  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Earkissa. 

Kerkit-  Chiftlik,  kfir^keet'-ohiftUeek',  a  town  of  Turk- 
ish Armenia,  86  miles  W.  of  Erzroom. 

Kerkook,  Kerkuk,  kSr^kook',  or  Kir^kook',  a 
town  of  Turkish  Eoordistan,  155  miles  N.  of  Bagdad.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  Chaldean  bishop.     Pop.  13,000. 

Kerkrade*  k6Rk'r&-d9h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Limburg,  16  miles  E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  5152. 

Kerkura,  the  Greek  name  of  Corfu. 

Kerkzken,  k^Rks'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1220. 

Kermadec'  Is  lands » in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  consist  of 
Macaulay  Island  (lat.  36°  16'  S.,  Ion.  178°  32'  W.),  Curtis 
Island,  &o.     They  are  fruitful  and  inhabited. 

KermaU)  or  Kirman^  kir-md,n'  (anc.  Garma'nia,  or 
ITarma'nia),  a  province  of  Persia,  mostly  between  lat.  26° 
and  31°  N.  and  Ion.  55°  and  60°  E.,  having  S.  the  Persian 
(julf,  and  landward  the  provinces  of  Laristan,  Ears,  and 
Yezd,  with  West  Afghanistan  and  Beloochistan.  Esti- 
mated area,  about  65,000  square  miles.  Pop.  stated  to  be 
600,000.  Surface  mostly  mountainous  and  barren,  the  irri- 
gation being  almost  wholly  artificial;  climate  unhealthy. 
The  E.  coast-line,  called  Moghistan,  or  Maghistan,  belongs 
to  the  Muscat  dominion,  and  comprises  the  towns  of  Gom- 
broon and  Jask ;  elsewhere  the  principal  towns  are  Eerman, 
Erook,  and  Nuheemabad. 

KermaU)  Ghirdjan,  gheer-j&n',  or  Seqan,  sfr-j&n' 
(anc.  Garmana),  a  city,  capital  of  the  province  of  Eerman. 
Lat.  29°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  30'  E.  Pop.  30,000.  It  stands  in  a 
plain  commanded  by  two  hill-forts,  and  has  a  citadel  and 
various  fine  buildings.  It  was  once  very  flourishing,  and 
iitill  has  manufactures  of  shawls,  carpets,  and  matchlocks. 

Kermania,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Marash. 

Kermanshah,  Kirmanshah,  kdr^m&n^shah',  or 
Kermisin,  kir^me^seen',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  occupying  two  or  three  small  hills  at  the  W. 
extremity  of  a  broad  plain,  near  the  right  bank  of  the 
Eerah,  280  miles  W.S.W.  of  Teheran.  Lat.  34°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  46°  37'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  an  earthen  wall  nearly 
3  miles  in  circumference,  and  has  five  gates.  The  routes 
from  Bagdad,  Shooster,  Ispahan  by  way  of  Hamadan,  and 
Buleimaneeyah,  all  meeting  here,  make  it  the  entrepdt  of 
considerable  traffic.     Pop.  35,000. 

Kern ,  a  large  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  California, 
is  partly  drained  by  Eern  River.  Tulare  Lake  touches  its 
N.  border,  and  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends 
along  its  S.W.  border.  This  county  comprises  several  high 
peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  an  extensive  plain  or  val- 
ley lying  between  the  Coast  Range  and  the  Sierra  Nevada. 
The  highlands  produce  good  timber,  including  the  pine,  fir, 
and  oak.  The  Tejon  Pass,  in  the  S.  part,  is  5285  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Gtold,  salt,  sulphur,  and  petroleum 
are  found  in  several  parts  of  this  county.  Gold,  wool,  and 
barley  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  7971  square  miles. 
Capital,  Bakersfield.     Pop.  in  1880,  6601 ;  in  1890,  9808. 

Ker^nan',  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  St.  Louis  division  of  the  Atohison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Streator. 


Ker'nersville,  a  post- village  of  Forsyth  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Northwestern  North  Carolina  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
Greensborough.     Pop.  760. 

Ker'neysville,  or  Kear'neysville,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Jefferson  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Haider's  Ferry.  It  has  a  church  and 
6  or  8  residences. 

Kern  Lake  (sometimes  called  Upper  Tale  Lake), 
of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  is  situated  in  about  35°  10'  N.  lat.  and  119° 
20'  W.  Ion.  It  is  about  15  miles  long  by  8  miles  wide.  It 
receives  part  of  the  waters  of  Eern  River,  and  its  outlet 
communicates  with  Tule  Lake. 

Kern  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
runs  first  southward,  then  westward  and  northwestward,  in 
Eern  co.,  and  enters  Tulare  Lake.  It  divides  into  several 
channels,  one  of  which  enters  GK>ose  Lake.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  200  miles.  Near  its  source  it  runs  in  a  canon  of 
immense  depth  between  Mount  Whitney  and  Eaweah  Peak. 

Kerns,  k^Rus,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Unterwalden,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Samen.     Pop.  2292. 

Kerns'town,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Harper's  Ferry  A  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Winchester. 

Kernuk,  k^R^nook'  (?),  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  capi- 
tal of  the  territory  of  Loggun,  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake  Chad. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Kern'ville,  a  post- village  of  Eern  oo.,  Cal.,  is  near  the 
North  Fork  of  Eern  River,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Havilah. 
It  has  gold-mines  and  a  quartz-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Ker^owlee',  a  small  state  in  Rajpootana,  India,  be- 
tween lat.  25°  63'  and  26°  48'  N.  and  Ion.  76°  47'  and  77° 
38'  E.     Area,  1878  square  miles.     Pop.  187,800. 

Kerpen,  kdR'p$n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  13  mile* 
S.W.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  2987. 

Kerr,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
head-streams  of  the  Guadalupe  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
pasture  for  numerous  cattle.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass  Railroad.  Capital,  Eerr- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  1042 ;  in  1880,  2168 ;  in  1890,  4462. 

Kerr,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  111.     Pop.  361. 

Kerrea,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Eiria. 

Kerr's,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock  A  Memphis  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Kerr's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.  of  Goshen  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Kerr's  Mills  (Oaktown  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Pulaski 
CO.,  111.,  at  Oakland  Station  on  the  Cairo  A  Vincennes  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  100. 

Kerr's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 

Kerr's  Store,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.    See  Millvillb. 

Kerrs'ville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Carlisle. 

Kerr'ville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  1  or  2  steam  cotton-gins. 

Kerrville,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of 
Eerr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Aransas  Pass  A  San  Antonio  Railway,  71  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  stone  court-house^  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1880,  156 ;  in  1890,  1044. 

Ker'ry,  a  maritime  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ireland, 
in  Munster,  having  N.  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon.  Area, 
1852  square  miles.  Pop.  201,039,  a  large  proportion  of 
whom  speak  only  the  Irish  tongue.  Surface  extremely 
wild,  rugged,  and  mountainous.  MacGillicuddy  Reeks,  the 
loftiest  mountains  in  Ireland,  are  in  this  county.  Coast- 
line deeply  indented  with  bays,  of  which  Tralee,  Dingle, 
and  Eenmare  are  the  chief.  Dunmore  Head,  between  the 
two  former,  is  the  most  westerly  land  in  Ireland.  Princi- 
pal rivers,  the  Feale,  Maine,  Laune  or  Lane,  and  Roughty 
Lakes  comprise  those  of  Killarney,  Carra,  and  Currane. 
Soil  mostly  inferior,  except  in  the  central  lowlands,  where 
it  is  a  rich  loam,  resting  on  limestone.  Agriculture  is  very 
backward.  Chief  crops,  potatoes,  wheat,  and  barley.  Nu- 
merous goats  and  small  cattle  are  pastured  in  the  moun 
tains.  Chief  towns,  Tralee  (the  capital),  Eillarney,  Dingle, 
and  Eenmare.  The  county  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  the  borough  of  Tralee  one  member. 

Ker'ry,  or  Ceri,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Montgomery, 
2i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Newton,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  raU- 
way.     Pop.  of  parish,  2077. 

Ker'ry  Head,  a  lofty  promontory  of  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
ster, CO.  of  Eerry,  S.  of  the  entrance  to  the  Shannon. 


EER 


1549 


KET 


Kersah)  a  village  of  Arabia.    See  Fartash. 

Kersey,  Elk  oo.,  Pa.    See  Centkeville. 

Ker^shaw',  a  northern  county  of  South  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  775  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in  the 
S.W.  part  by  the  Wateree  River,  and  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lynoh's  Creek,  which  drains  a  considerable  extent  of 
territory  on  that  side  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indiiiu  corn. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Charleston,  Cincinnati  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Camden.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,754; 
in  1880,  21,538;  in  1890,  22,361. 

Kershena,  Wisconsin.    See  Eeshena. 

Kersko,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Gurkpeld. 

Kertch,  kSnch  (anc.  Panticapse'um),&  strongly-fortified 
town  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  a  tongue  of  land  forming 
a  peninsula  of  the  same  name,  noted  for  its  mud-volcanoes, 
on  the  Strait  of  Yenikale,  connecting  the  Sea  of  Azof  with 
the  Black  Sea,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simferopol.  Lat.  45° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  36°  28'  E.  In  1827  it  was  declared  a  free 
port,  and  an  extensive  lazaretto  was  built.  It  has  a  navy- 
yard  and  foundry,  and  a  large  export  trade  in  stone,  fish, 
salt,  candles,  soap,  grain,  and  hides.  Its  site  is  that  of  the 
ancient  Pantioapseum,  the  residence  and  burial-place  of 
Mithridatea.  The  modern  town  is  of  very  recent  existence. 
Pop.  22,449. 

Ker'ton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River.     Pop.  504. 

Kerur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Caroor. 

Kerynia,  a  town  of  Cyprus.    See  Kerinia. 

Kerzeh,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Gherzeh. 

Kerzers,  kfiRt's^rs  (Fr.  Ghiitrea,  shee-it'r'),  a  village 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  11  miles  N.  of  Freyburg.  It  is 
a  very  ancient  place,  and  is  supposed  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  the  Latin  word  Carceres  ("prisons").    Pop.  1119. 

Ke^sabpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  18  miles 
S.  of  Jessore,  on  the  navigable  Hurihur  and  Bhuddra 
Rivers.  It  has  many  sugar-refineries,  brass-foundries,  and 
potteries,  and  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  sugar. 

Ke^sal',  a  town  of  Shahabad  district,  Bengal.     P.  3169. 

Kesariah)  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kaisareeteh. 

Keshan,  k&^sh&n',  Kishan,  kish^&n',  or  Raskoi, 
rtis^Koi',  a  walled  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia, 
26  miles  N.  of  Gallipoli.  It  has  about  900  hoases  and  a 
thriving  trade. 

Keshe'na,  or  Kershe'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Wolf  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Shawano.  Pop.  49. 
It  has  a  church.  Here  is  the  Menominee  Indian  Reserva- 
tion and  Agency. 

Keshin,  kish^een',  or  Keshein,  k^h^sh&n',  a  mari- 
time village  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Cape  Fartash.  Though  the  capital  of  the  Mahrah  sultan,  it 
is  a  miserable  place,  with  only  a  few  houses.     Pop.  400. 

Kesho,  a  city  of  Tonquin.     See  Ketcho. 

Kes'ler's  Cross  Lanes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  18  miles  N.  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Kesmark,  or  K&smark,  kds'maRk  (Ger.  Kaitera- 
markt,  ki'z§rs-maRKt^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Zips,  on 
the  Poprad,  125  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  3938,  of  whom 
2500  are  Protestants.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  entered 
by  three  gates,  and  has  a  large  tower  built  in  1433,  a  town 
hall,  a  high  school,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  ruined  castle. 

Kesnitz,  kiss'nits,  or  Keszintz,  kdss'ints,  a  village 
of  Hungary,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2104. 

Kesrie,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kastoria. 

Kess,  the  Russian  name  of  Yenden. 

Kessel,  kds's^l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Roermond.    Pop.  1263. 

Kessel-Bashi-Nor,  kSs's^l-bi'shee-nor,  a  lake  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  near  the  sources  of  the  Irtish  River, 
in  lat.  46°  30'  N.,  Ion.  87°  B.  Length,  nearly  80  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  25  miles.  It  receives  a  considerable 
river,  but  has  no  eflBux  for  its  waters. 

Kesselsdorf,  kfis's^ls-doRr,  Ober,  o'ber,  and  Nieder, 
nee'd^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  686. 

Kessenich,  kSs's^h-niK',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  Meuse,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Hasselt.    Pop.  4500. 

Kessing,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Eeffino. 

Kess'Ier's,  a  post-ofSce  of  Northampton  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Easton, 

Kestenholz,  kfls't^n-holts  (Fr.  Ghdtenou,  sh&H^n^- 
wi'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Alsace,  3  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Schlettstadt.  It  has  manufactures  of  muslins,  paper, 
— id  twine.     Pop.  3417. 


Kes'ter,  a  post-office  of  Park  co..  Col. 

Kesteren,  kds'ti-r^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  2503. 

Kes'teven,  Parts  op,  the  S.W.  subdivision  of  the  Eng- 
lish CO.  of  Lincoln.     Area,  454,875  acres.     Pop.  105,597. 

Keswick,  kfiz'wik  or  kfiz'ik,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  on  the  Greta,  between  the  foot  of  Skiddaw 
Mountain  and  the  N.  end  of  Lake  Derwent-Water,  on  a 
railway,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  an  elegant 
church,  a  town  hall,  a  free  school,  a  workhouse,  museums 
of  minerals,  several  good  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  linsey- 
woolseys  and  lead-pencils.  The  potting  of  char,  taken  in 
the  lakes,  is  also  a  leading  business.  In  the  season  many 
tourists  make  it  their  headquarters.     Pop,  2777. 

Kes'wick,  or  Medi'na,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  16  miles  N.  of  Newmarket.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill and  2  stores.     Pop.  125.    See  also  Roach's  Point. 

Keswick  (kdz'wik)  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Albe- 
marle CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Washington  City  <fc  Virginia  Midlana 
Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery. 

Keswick  Lake,  England.    See  Derwent-Water. 

Keswick  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Keszthely,  kSst^h£l',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szalad,  near  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake  Balatony,  96  miles 
S.  of  Presburg.  Pop.  3995.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  fisheries,  a  trade  in  wine,  and  an  extensive  school  of 
agriculture,  termed  the  Oeorgicon,  with  a  gymnasium. 

Ket,  k&t,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Yeniseisk,  about  lat.  58°  N.,  flows  W.N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Obi  on  the  right  about  18  miles  above  Narym, 
after  a  course  of  above  500  miles. 

Keta^  or  Kheta,  k&'t&,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises 
in  the  government  of  Yeniseisk,  in  lat.  68°  N.  and  Ion.  95° 
E.,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Ehatanga  on  the  left,  after 
a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Ketch'am,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  7  or  8 
miles  N.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Ketcho,  kSch'o^,  now  generally  called  Ha-Noi  (the 
former  name  written  also  Kesh'o^  or  Cachao,  k&tch^&'o, 
Kecho,  and  Cacheo),  the  largest  city  and  capital  of  the 
French  dependency  of  Tonquin,  in  Asia,  on  the  Tonquin 
River,  about  95  miles  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  150,000.  It  is 
of  great  extent,  and  is  defended  by  a  citadel.  The  streets 
are  wide  and  paved ;  the  houses  mostly  of  mud  and  timber. 
The  public  edifices  comprise  one  royal  palace,  and  the  ruins 
of  another,  which  appears  to  have  been  of  vast  extent. 
Though  its  river  is  navigable  only  for  small  vessels,  it  has 
a  considerable  trade.  The  chief  exports  are  bullion,  fine 
silks,  and  lacquered  wares ;  the  imports,  cloths,  chintzes, 
pepper,  arms,  and  Indian  and  European  manufactures. 

Ketch'nm's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stillwater 
township,  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     Here  are  several  churches. 

Ketch'nmville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ketegyhaza,  kiHfij^h4'z6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Bekes,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Csaba.     Pop.  2778. 

Ketekaune-Seebe,  Ontario.    See  Garden  River. 

Ketember,  one  of  the  Key  Islands. 

Kethely,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Mannersdorf. 

Ketoy,  ki-toy',  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.  Lat.  of  the 
S.  extremity,  47°  17'  30"  N.;  Ion.  152°  24'  E. 

Ketrz,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Katscher. 

Ketsa,  kdt'sh5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Banat,  oo. 
of  Torontal,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Temesvar.    Pop.  3564. 

Ketskemet,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kecskemet. 

Ket'tering,  a  town  of  England,  at  a  railway  junction, 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northampton.  Pop.  of  parish,  7184, 
employed  in  weaving  silk  plusn,  and  in  wool-combing. 

Kettleby,  ket't^l-'be,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  W.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  150. 

Kettle  (ket't'l)  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Potter 
CO.,  runs  southwestward  to  Clinton  co.,  and  enters  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  about  5  miles  above  Renovo. 

Kettle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  on 
Kettle  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  a  church.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  Oleana,  the  colony 
established  by  Ole  Bull, 

Kettle  Island,  an  island  in  the  Ottawa  River,  about 
2  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Rideau. 

Kettle  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Carlton  oo.,  rung 
southward  through  Pine  oo.,  and  enters  the  St.  Croix  River 
near  lat.  45°  50'  N.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 


KET 


1550 


KEY 


Kettle  River,  a  township  of  Pine  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  40. 
Kettle  River  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pine  oo., 
Minn.,  on  Kettle  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Rail- 
road, 95  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Ket'tlersville,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ohio. 

KetHoor',  or  Ketur,  k^-toor',  written  also  KitHoor' 
and  Kitur,  ke-toor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  7166. 

Kettwig,  kStt'^iG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.E,  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3224. 

Keturin,  Loch,  Scotland.   See  Loch  Kateine. 

Ketzelsdorf,  kfits'^ls-doEf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  27 
miles  N.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1300. 

Keuka,  ke-yu'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Wayne  township,  on  Keuka  Lake,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Ham- 
mondsport. 

Keuka  (or  Crooked)  Lake,  New  York.  The  head 
of  this  lake  is  at  Hammondsport,  Steuben  co.,  from  which 
it  extends  northeastward  to  Penn  Yan,  Yates  co.,  a  distance 
of  about  20  miles.  It  is  about  2  miles  wide,  and  has  an 
irregular  form.  The  surface  is  718  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  and  the  depth  is  about  200  feet.  The  water  is  dis- 
charged by  a  short  outlet,  which  issues  from  the  N.E.  end 
and  enters  Seneca  Lake,  falling  271  feet  in  a  course  of  7 
miles.  Steamboats  navigate  this  lake  in  summer.  Its 
shores  are  noted  for  vineyards. 

Keuiyhar,  k^-oon'jar,  or  Keoi^ar,  k^-Sn'jiir,  a  na- 
tive state  of  India,  in  Ori'ssa,  lat.  21°-22°  9'  30"  N.,  Ion.  85° 
14'-86°  24'  35"  E.  Area,  3096  square  miles.  It  comprises 
Upper  and  Lower  Keunjhar,  and  is  governed  by  a  mahara- 
jah,  tributary  to  the  British.  Capital,  Keunjhar,  a  village 
of  2500  inhabitants,  in  lat.  21°  37'  25"  N.,  Ion.  85°  37'  31" 
E.     Total  pop.  181,871. 

Kev^ashmsk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  government  and 
about  220  miles  N.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  E.  side  of  a  large 
bland  formed  by  the  Obi.     It  is  inhabited  by  Ostiaks. 

Kevelaer,  or  Kevel^r,  k&'vfh-l&a',  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  31  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the 
Niers.     Pop.  3466. 

Kew,  ku,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Thames,  7  miles  W.  of  London.  The  village  is  mostly  built 
arcund  a  green,  and  has  many  handsome  mansions,  in- 
cluding a  royal  palace,  once  the  favorite  residence  of  George 
III.  The  botanical  garden,  possessing  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  collections  of  plants  in  Europe,  is  kept  up  at  the 
national  cost  and  is  open  to  the  public.     Pop.  1033. 

Kewanee,  ke-wah'ne,  a  post-village  of^Henry  co..  111., 
in  Kewanee  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &.  Quinoy 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Galva,  and  132  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago.  It  contains  12  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  steam-heaters, 
boilers,  pumps,  wagons,  <&c.  Bituminous  coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2704;  in  1890,  4569. 

Kewanee,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co..  Miss. 

Ke^wan'na,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Fulton 
00.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2  banks, 
a  waded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3  churches. 
_  Kewas'knm,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Wis., 
in  Kewaskum  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Fond  du  Lac,  and  7  miles  N.  of  West  Bend.  It  has  3  grain- 
elevators,  3  churches,  and  a  cigar-factory.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1434. 

Kewaunee,  ke-waw'nee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  336  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  drained  by 
Kewaunee  River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  <fcc.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  lumber  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Green  Bay, 
Winona  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Kewaunee.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,128;  in  1880,  15,807;  in  1890,  16,163. 

Kewannee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kewaunee  co., 
Wia.,  is  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kewaunee 
River,  and  in  a  township  of  the  same  name.  It  is  about 
27  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay,  and  30  miles  by  water 
N.  by  E.  of  Manitowoc.  It  contains  2  banks,  3  churches, 
4  newspaper  offices,  a  saw-mill,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a 
pearl-button-faotory,  and  other  business  concerns.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1050;  in  1890, 1216. 

Kewaunee  River,  a  small  stream  of  Wisconsin,  rises 
in  Brown  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Kewaunee  co., 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  the  village  of  Kewaunee. 

Keweenaw,  kee'wee-naw,  a  county  of  Michigan,  in 
the  most  northern  part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  Area,  about 
350  square  miles.  It  is  a  peninsula  washed  by  Lake  Supe- 
rior on  all  sides  except  the  S.W.     The  surface  is  uneven. 


The  soil,  mostly  uncultivated,  is  based  on  rooks  of  the  Silu- 
rian formation.  This  county  has  copper-mines  the  product 
of  which  has  been  valued  at  about  $1,000,000  annually. 
Copper  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Eagle  River, 
on  Lake  Superior.  It  is  a  shipping- place  for  copper.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4205;  in  1880,  4270;  in  1890,  2894. 

Keweenaw  Bay,  Michigan,  is  an  inlet  of  Lake  Su- 
perior which  extends  into  the  central  part  of  Houghton  co. 
and  washes  the  S.E.  shore  of  a  peninsula  called  Keweenaw 
Point.  An  inlet  named  Portage  Lake  extends  from  this 
bay  nearly  across  the  peninsula,  and  is  connected  with  Lake 
Superior  by  a  ship-canal,  so  that  vessels  can  pass  from  Ke- 
weenaw Bay  to  Duluth  by  a  direct  route  120  miles  shorter 
than  the  distance  around  the  point. 

Keweenaw  Point,  a  peninsula  of  Michigan,  is  ideo 
tical  with  Keweenaw  co. 

Kew-Kiang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kioo-Kianq. 

Kexholm,  kix'holm,  a  town  of  Finland,  laen  and  5u 
miles  N.E.  of  Vib^g,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Key,  Kei,  or  Ke,  k4,  incorrectly  written  Ki,  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  50  miles  W.  of 
the  Aroo  Islands,  in  lat.  5°  30'  S.,  Ion.  133°  E.,  the  prin- 
cipal being  Great  Key,  which  is  covered  with  mountains, 
and  Little  Key,  which  is  comparatively  low.  A  part  of 
the  people  are  Papuans,  but  otners  are  Mohammedans  of 
mixed  descent.  The  harbor  of  Key  is  at  the  N.  end  of 
Great  Key. 

Key,  a  river,  South  Africa,  enters  the  sea  near  28°  E.  Ion. 

Key,  kee,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co..  Ark. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington. 

Keya  Paha,  ke'y&  p&'h&,  or  Big  Turtle  River,  a 
considerable  stream  of  Nebraska  and  South  Dakota,  rises 
in  a  small  lake  on  the  line  between  those  states,  flows  east- 
wardly,  first  in  the  latter  then  in  the  former,  and  falls  into 
the  Niobrara,  in  Nebraska. 

Key  Corner,  a  hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Forked  Deer  River,  about  27  miles  N.  of 
Brownsville.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Keyeser,  ki'zfr,  a  post-hauilet  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis., 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Portage,  and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arlington. 

Keyesport,  Clinton  oo..  III.    See  Ketsport. 

Keyesviile,  kiz'vll,  a  post-ofllce  of  Richland  co..  Wis. 

Keynsham,  k&n'sham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, on  the  Avon,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bristol. 

Keyport,  kee'port,  a  post-town  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Raritun  township,  on  Raritan  Bay,  23  miles  (direct) 
S.S.W.  of  New  York  (with  which  it  is  connected  by  boat 
and  by  a  branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey), 
and  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  3  large  hotels, 
gas-works,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  canning-factory.  Its 
prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  trade,  ship-building,  and 
the  oyster-business.  Two  steamboats  and  several  sailing- 
vessels  are  owned  here.    Pop.  in  1880,  2613;  in  1890,  3411. 

Keys,  West  Indies.     See  Cay. 

Keys,  keez,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Keys,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

Keysburg,  keez'burg,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala 

Keysburg,  a  village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Allensville  Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  133. 

Keyser,  ki'z^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  D 
has  4  stores  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Keyser,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  is 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  New  Creek,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  5 
miles  E.  of  Piedmont,  and  200  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a  large  round-house 
and  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2165. 

Keyser,  ki'z§r,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.  of  Kerrwood.     Pop.  200. 

Keysport,  keez'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  111., 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belleville.     Post-office  name,  Keyesport. 

Key  Station,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Keystone,  kee'stSn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  ft  Cincinnati  Railroad,  35  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  li  has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Keystone,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Keystone,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Keystone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.,  on  tht 


KEY 


1551 


KHA 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Cameron.     It  has  a  church. 

Keystoiie^  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Keystone,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Keystone  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad, 
115  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  on  the  Keystone  Narrow- 
Gauge  Railroad.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Keystone  Mines,  a  mining  village  of  Somerset  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Summit  township,  3  miles  from  Meyersdale  Station. 
Here  is  a  mine  of  semi-bituminous  coal. 

Keysville,  keez'vil,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co,,  Ark. 

Keysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla., 
ubout  26  miles  S.E.  of  Tampa.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Keysville,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Keysville,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  2  miles  from 
Double  Pipe  Creek  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Keysville,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  98  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Keysville,  a  post- village  of  Charlotte  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  cigar-manufactory. 

Keytesville,  keets'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chari- 
ton CO.,  Mo.,  in  Keytesville  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Chariton  River  and  the  E.  bank  of  the  Muscle  River,  and 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles 
E.  of  Brunswick,  and  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements,  milling-  and  tobacco-works,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1880,  737 ;  in  1890,  819 ;  of  the 
township  in  1890,  3394. 

Key  West,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
Monroe  co.,  Fla.,  on  Thompson's  Island,  or  Bone  Key  (Sp. 
Cai/o  Hueio,  ki'o  w&'so,  whence  the  name),  a  small  island  of 
coral  formation  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  or  Strait  of  Florida, 
«bout  66  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Sable.  Lat.  24°  32'  N. ;  Ion. 
81°  48'  W.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  marine  hospital,  a 
custom-house,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  a  safe  harbor,  the  entrance 
of  which  is  defended  by  Fort  Taylor,  a  large  and  costly 
work.  The  harbor  admits  vessels  drawing  20  feet  or  more 
of  water.  The  inhabitants  derive  a  lar'ge  portion  of  their 
income  from  the  salvage  of  the  vessels  which  are  wrecked 
on  the  adjacent  islands.  The  steamers  which  ply  between 
New  Orleans  and  Havana,  and  New  York  and  Galveston, 
touch  at  this  port.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cigars, 
important  sponge-fisheries,  and  some  salt-works.  Pop.  in 
1880,  9890;  in  1890,  18,080. 

Key  West,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  4 
miles  from  Dubuque.     Here  is  a  convent. 

Key  West,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Coffey  oo., 
Kansas,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Burlington.     Pop.  270. 

Key  West,  a  post-office  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky. 

Kezanlik,  Eastern  Roumelia.    See  Kasanlik. 

Ke'zar  Falls,  a  post-village  of  York  eo..  Me.,  on  the 
Ossipee  River,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
&  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stave-mill. 

Kezdi-Vasarhely,  kfiz'dee^-vi^shiR^hSl',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Kronstadt.     Pop.  4546. 

Kezd'Szaaz,  kdzd-s^,  a  town  of  Transylvania^  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Schassburg.  "  Pop.  4900. 

Khaboor,  Khabonr,  Khabur,  or  Chabur,  k&^- 
boor'  (anc.  Ghabo'ras,  and  Abor'rhas),  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  flows  S.  through  Mesopotamia,  and  joins  the 
Euphrates  at  Kerkesiah.     Length,  about  190  miles. 

Khaboor,  Khabonr,  or  Khabur,  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Tigris  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Mosul.     Length,  50  miles. 

Khabs,  a  town  of  Tunis.    See  Cabes. 

Khafaloon,  Khafaloun,  k&-f&-loon',  or  Khapalu, 
k3,-p3,-loo',  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  in  Bulti,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Shayook  and  Leh  Rivers,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Leh. 

Khagowl,  or  Khagaul,  ki^gSwl',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Patna  district,  5  miles  S.  of  Dinapoor.  Here  is  Dinapoor 
Railway  Station.     Pop.  5257. 

Khaibar,  krbaR',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  El  Hejaz,  100 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Medina,  and  capital  of  a  Jewish  territory. 

Khai-Fung,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kai-Fong. 

Khai-Hoa,  or  Cai-Hoa,  ki-ho'i,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan,  near  the  Tonquin  frontier,  in  lat. 
23°  24'  30"  N.,  Ion,  104°  21'  E. 

Khaiu,  Persia.     See  Ghayn. 

Khaiiabad,  ki'r&-b&d',  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Indus,  opposite  Attock,  35  miles  by  rail  B.S.E.  of  Peshawer. 


Khairagarh,  India.    See  Khyraourh. 
Khalana,  the  ancient  name  of  Culka. 
Khaletse,  a  village  of  Central  Asia.    See  Eulutsi. 
Khalkas  (or  Kalkas,  k&rk&s')  Country,  the  N. 

part  of  Mongolia,  Chinese  Empire,  extending  from  the 
Altai,  in  Ion.  90°,  to  112°  E.,  and  between  lat,  47°  and  53° 
N,,  having  N.  Siberia  and  W.  Chinese  Toorkistan,  The 
surface  is  in  great  part  mountainous,  elsewhere  consisting 
of  vast  plains  and  steppes ;  in  the  S.  it  comprises  a  part  of 
the  great  desert  of  Gobi.  The  Yenisei,  Selenga,  Orkhon, 
and  other  large  rivers  rise  in  this  region,  which  also  coD'. 
tains  many  large  lakes,  the  principal  being  the  Oobsa  Nor. 
It  is  divided  into  khanats,  governed  by  native  chiefs,  trib- 
utary to  the  Chinese  since  the  eighteenth  century.  Capital 
city,  Oorga.  The  inhabitants  are  Mongol  Tartars  and 
of  the  Booddhist  faith. 

Khalki,  k3,rkee,  or  Cop'per  Island,  one  of  the 
Princess  Islands,  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Constantinople.     It  has  an  ancient  copper-mine. 

Khalsia,  India.    See  Khclsia. 

Khamgaon,  k&m-g&-5n',  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
28  miles  W.  of  Akola,  on  a  branch  railway.  It  has  a  large 
cotton-market,  and  is  a  growing  place.     Pop.  9435, 

Khamil,  or  Chamil,  s&^meel',  written  also  Hami, 
hi^mee',  a  city  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  Lat,  42°  30'  N, ;  Ion 
93°  40'  E,     It  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade, 

Khamir,  a  town  of  Persia,    See  Kaueer, 

Khana-i-Bad,  kSk'nh-ee-h&d',  a  town  of  Asia,  12  miles 
S,E,  of  Khnondooz,     Lat.  36°  20'  N.;  Ion,  69°  38'  E, 

Khandeish,  a  province  of  India,    See  Candeish, 

Khandiva,  k&n'd^-v&,  Khandwa,  k&nd'w&,  or 
Cnndwa,  kiind'wi,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
40  miles  N,N,E.  of  Boorhanpoor,     Pop,  9708. 

Khandpara,  India.    See  Khundpara. 

Khaudutcha,  K&n-doo'ch&,  or  Kanduga  (?},  a  river 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  joins  the  Aldan  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
above  100  miles. 

Khangher,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Jacobabad. 

Khania,  K^-nee'a,  or  Cane'a  (anc.  Gydo'nia,  some- 
times Gydo'nia),  a  fortified  seaport  and  the  principal  com- 
mercial town  of  Crete,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  64 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Candia.  Pop.  8000,  of  whom  about  5000 
are  Mohammedans  and  1000  foreign  Greeks.  Its  fortifica- 
tions, built  by  the  Venetians,  are  inferior  to  those  of  Candia, 
but  its  port  is  the  best  in  Crete,  capable  of  holding  many 
vessels  of  300  tons,  and  is  formed  by  a  mole  1200  feet  long, 
with  a  light-house  at  its  extremity,  opposite  a  fort  defending 
the  harbor.  It  has  an  arsenal,  docks,  Venetian  galley- 
vaults,  a  small  lazaretto,  and  soap-factories.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  provincial  council  and  governor,  a  Greek  bishop's  see, 
and  the  residence  of  several  European  consuls. 

Khanka,  k&n'kd.,  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Toorkistan,  30 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Khiva,  on  the  Amoo-Darya.  It  consists 
of  about  350  houses,  enclosed  within  a  poor  wall. 

Khanos,  ki'nos\  or  Khinis,  kin'iss^,  an  ancient  town 
of  Turkey  in  Asia,  55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erzroom. 

Khanpoor,  K^n^poor',  or  Khaun^poor',  a  town  of 
India,  dominion  and  78  miles  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  Pop. 
20,000.  It  was  formerly,  of  more  importance,  but  it  is  still 
a  flourishing  commercial  town,  with  a  good  bazaar  and  a 
navigable  canal  from  the  Indus. 

Khanzir,  a  village  of  Turkey,     See  Agharoon, 

Khap'pa,  or  Khapa,  Ki'pi,  a  town  of  India,  dis 
trict  and  21  miles  N.E,  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  7877. 

Kharamoukotan,  an  island.    See  Karamakotan. 

Kharasm,  k^^rizm',  or  Karis'sim,  also  called 
Khwaresm  and  Kharesm  (anc.  Chorasmia),  a  coun- 
try of  Toorkistan.  In  the  twelfth  century  it  was  the  seat 
of  a  powerful  empire ;  but  it  is  now  greatly  reduced.  Its 
present  limits  appear  to  be  the  same  as  those  of  Khiva. 

Kharbundee  Shumsabad,  kar-bun-dee'  shoom-sa- 
bid',  a  town  of  India,  division  of  Agra.     Pop.  8428. 

Kharek,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Karak. 

Kharesm,  Toorkistan.    See  Khiva. 

Khargeh,  Egypt.    See  El  Kbargeb. 

Kharib,  a  mountain  of  Egypt.    See  Agrees. 

Kharijah,  ki'ree'ji,  a  town  of  Arabia,  W.  of  Makal- 
lah,  and  reputed  to  have  3000  inhabitants. 

Kharkov,  Kharkow,  Charkov,  Charkow,  EaR- 
kov',  Ukraine,  or  Slobodisch  Ukraine,  slo'bo-dish 
oo'krin,  a  government  in  the  S.  part  of  European  Russia, 
lat.  48°  30'  to  51°  12'  N.,  Ion.  34°  20'  to  38°  20'  E.,  bounded 
E.  by  Voronezh,  S.  by  Yekaterinoslav,  W.  by  Poltava,  and  N 
by  Koorsk.  Area,  27,476  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Donets  and  the  Oskol.  Surface  flat  and  little  wooded. 
Soil  fertile,  entirely  agricultural,  producing  grain  of  all 
sorts,  and  wine  in  great  abundance.     It  has  numerous  dia- 


KHA 


1552 


KHO 


lilleries,  tanneries,  and  tallow-  and  saltpetre-factories.  Pop. 
I  (598  015,  chiefly  Russians  and  Cossacks.  See  Ukraine. 
'  Kharkov,  or  CharkoAV,  written  also  Kharkow  and 
Kharkof,  a  city  of  European  Russia,  capital  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Kharkov,  on  the  Kharkova,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 420  miles  S.W.  of  Moscow.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
It  has  a  university,  founded  in  1803,  a  theological  semi- 
nary, a  gymnasium,  and  a  female  academy.  Its  manufac- 
tures comprise  leather,  felts,  spirits,  and  fine  carpets,  and 
its  trade  is  extensive.  Its  fairs  for  cattle  and  wool  are  among 
the  most  important  in  South  Russia.     Pop.  (1884)  166,921. 

Kharput,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia.    See  Kakpoot. 

Khars,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Kars. 

Khartoom,  Khartoum,  Kartoom,  or  Khartum, 
KarHoom',  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  Egyptian  general 
government  of  Soodan,  at  the  junction  of  the  Blue  and  White 
Nile,  95  miles  S.W.  of  Shendy.  Pop.  20,000,  including  gar- 
rison. It  is  regularly  built,  and  very  flourishing.  It  has 
considerable  trade,  and  was  formerly  the  great  depot  of  slaves 
sent  from  Soodan  and  Abyssinia  into  Egypt. 

Khasab,  or  Kasaab,  ki'sib',  a  bay  of  Arabia,  prov- 
ince of  Oman,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Persian  Gulf.  On  it 
is  a  large  fort.     Lat.  26°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  20'  E. 

Khasgnnge,  or  Kasgaig,  kis-gunj',  a  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  Etah  district,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.   Pop.  16,764. 

Khash,  kish,  or  Khaush,  kawsh,  a  town  and  fort  of 
Afghanistan,  on  the  Khash-Rood.  Lat.  31°  36'  N. ;  Ion. 
62°  45'  E.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Khash-Rood,  Khash-Rud,  or  Kach-Roud, 
kish-rood',  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  enters  the  Hamoon 
Lake,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  180  miles.  It  partly  separates 
the  Candahar  and  Herat  dominions. 

Khasia  Hills,  India.    See  Cossyah  Hills. 

Khaspur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Cospoor. 

Khatanga,  Ki-tang'gi,  or  Katanska,  k4-tin'skl,  a 
river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  issues  from  a  lake  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Yeniseisk,  near  lat.  68°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  E.,  flows 
N.N.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Khatangskee  or  Ka- 
tangskii,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  after  a  course  of  700  miles. 
'^ts  chief  affluents  are  the  Moniaga,  Popigai,  and  Eeta. 

Khatel,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Hebron. 

Khatmandoo,  Catmandoo,  k&t^m&nMoo',  or 
Kathmaro,  kit'h^mi^ro',  the  capital  town  of  Nepaul,  in 
a  mountainous  region,  about  145  miles  N.N.W.  of  Patna. 
Lat.  27°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  15'  E.  Pop.  20,000.  It  extends 
1  mile  along  a  river,  is  built  mostly  of  brick,  and  has  many 
Booddhist  temples,  with  a  palace  of  the  Nepaul  rajah. 

Khaunpoor,  India.    See  Ehanpoor. 

Khaush,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Khash. 

Khawak,  ki-wik',  the  most  E.  pass  across  the  Hindoo- 
Koosh,  in  Kafiristan,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  35° 
38'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  E.  Elevation  of  summit,  13,200  feet.  By 
it  Timur  entered  India.  E.  by  S.  from  the  pass  is  the  fort 
Khawak,  9300  feet  above  the  sea.     Lat.  35°  37'  N. 

KhediAvari,  kSd-e-wi'ree,  one  of  the  navigable  mouths 
of  the  Indus,  at  its  delta,  entering  the  sea  in  lat.  24°  9'  N., 
Ion.  67°  29'  E.,  where  it  is  650  yards  across. 

Kheeva,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Khiva. 

Kheiber,  or  Kheibers.    See  Khtber  Pass. 

Khelat,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.    See  Kelat. 

Khelat,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Akhlat. 

Khelidonia,  kdl-e-do-nee'a,  a  cape  and  group  of  islets 
(anc.  Ghclido'nix)  of  Asia  Minor,  on  its  S.  coast,  60  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Adalia. 

Khelmos,  kfil'mos,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
t  miles  S.E.  of  Kalavrita.     Elevation,  7654  feet. 

Khem,  a  Coptic  name  for  Egtpt. 

Kheraghur,  kSr-a-gur',  a  town  of  India,  North- West 
Provinces,  division  of  Agra.     Pop.  5416. 

Kherasoon,  or  Kherasoun.    See  Keresoon. 

Kheree,  or  Kheri,  k§-ree',  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Kheree,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Seetapoor.     Pop.  7001. 

Kheree,  or  Kheri,  a  district  of  the  North- West  Prov- 
inces, India,  in  the  Seetapoor  division.  Area,  2963  square 
miles.    Capital,  Kheree.     Pop.  739,283. 

Kherkhah,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Kerah. 

Kherson,  or  Cherson,  kSr-sou',  a  government  of 
Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  46°  and  49°  N.  and  Ion.  29° 
and  34°  E.,  having  S.  the  Black  Sea.  Ar^a,  27,475  square 
miles.  Surface  in  the  N.  undulating,  and  covered  with 
forests;  elsewhere  a  wide  steppe.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Dnieper  on  the  N.  and  S.E.,  the  Dniester,  forming  the  W. 
frontier,  and  the  Bug,  traversing  its  centre.  Its  W.  half  is 
very  fertile;  cattle-  and  sheep-breeding  is  the  chief  branch 
of  industry.  Products  comprise  oak  bark,  tobacco,  mustard, 
Baffron,  wine,  liquorice,  corn,  hemp,  flax,  nitre,  salt,  and 
landstone.     Manufactures  of  cloth,  tallow,  leather,  butter. 


ropes,  linen,  tiles,  spirits,  cheese,  and  caviare  are  carried  on, 
partly  by  Swedish,  German,  and  other  colonists,  the  popu- 
lation consisting  of  many  races.  Principal  towns,  Kherson, 
Nikolaiev,  Yelisavetgrad,  and  Odessa.     Pop.  1,596,809. 

Kherson,  or  Cherson,  a  fortified  town  of  South  Russia, 
capital  of  the  government  of  Kherson,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Dnieper,  92  miles  B.N.E.  of  Odessa.  Pop.  46,320.  It  was 
founded  by  Potemkin  in  1778,  is  well  built,  and  is  divided 
into  four  quarters,  the  citadel,  in  which  are  the  arsenal,  bar- 
racks, other  government  buildings,  and  the  cathedral,  in 
which  Potemkin,  its  founder,  is  buried ;  the  admiralty  quar- 
ter has  excavated  docks  for  the  construction  of  ships  of 
war,  now  disused.  Kherson  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  baa 
various  schools. 

Kheyber  and  Kheybers.    See  Khtber  Pass. 

Kheyr-Abad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Khyrabad. 

Khiewa,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Khiva. 

Khilok,  Ke-lok',  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Irkootsk,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  430^ 
miles,  joins  the  Selenga  about  20  miles  below  Selenghiusk. 

Khimara,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Chiuara. 

Khimoli,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Argentiera. 

Khin-Gan,  Kin^-g&n',  Khing- Gan-Oola,  or 
Khing-Gan-Oula,  King^-g&n-oo'l&,  are  names  applied 
to  extensive  mountain-chains  or  table-lands  of  East  Asia, 
which  separate  Mongolia  from  Manchooria,  extending  from 
the  Wall  of  China,  in  about  41°  N.  lat.,  to  the  great  bed  of 
the  Amoor,  in  53°  N.  lat.,  cut  by  the  meridian  of  120°  E. 

Khing- Yang,  king^-y&ng',  Khin-Yang,  or  Kin- 
Yang,  kin^-y&ng',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo^ 
near  lat.  36°  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  E. 

Khing-Yuan,  king^-yoo^&n',  Khin-Yuan,  kin^- 
yoo^in',  or  Kin- Yuen,  kin'-yoo-4n',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-See,  320  miles  W.N.W.  of  Canton. 

Khini,  Kee'nee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  43  miles  N.B 
of  Diarbekir,  with  about  450  families. 

Khinis,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Khanos. 

Khio,  or  Khios,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Scio. 

Khiong-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.     See  KioNa-CHOo. 

Khioo-Choo,  or  Khiu-Tchou,ke-oo^-choo',  a  city 
of  China,  in  Che-Kiang,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Hang-Chow-Foo. 

Khirpai,  Bengal.    See  Keerpoy. 

Khitai,  an  ancient  name  of  China. 

Khiva,  Khiewa,  Kheeva,  Kee'vi,  or  Kharesm, 
Ki-rfism'  (anc.  Choras'mia),  a  country  of  Toorkistan,  mostly 
between  lat.  36°  and  44°  N. and  Ion.  52°  and  64°  E.,  having^ 
N.  the  Kirgheez  Steppe  and  the  Sea  of  Aral,  E.  the  Rus- 
sian province  of  Amoo-Darya  and  Bokhara,  S.  Khorassan 
(in  the  Persian  dominions),  and  W.  the  Caspian  Sea. 
Estimated  pop.  700,000.  Surface  almost  wholly  a  sandy 
desert,  with  some  scattered  hill-ranges  in  the  N.  and  W. ; 
the  Amoo-Darya  borders  it  on  the  N.E.,  and  along  its 
banks,  and  the  canals  connected  with  it,  there  are  many 
fertile  tracts.  In  these  places  wheat,  millet,  barley,  fruits, 
cotton,  flax,  and  some  rice  are  grown.  The  vine  also  thrives. 
Sheep  and  goats  and  a  good  breed  of  horses  are  pretty  nu- 
merous. Camels  are  the  ordinary  beasts  of  burden.  Some 
cotton  and  silk  stuffs  and  shawls  are  made  and  exported; 
agriculture  is,  however,  the  principal  occupation  of  the  set- 
tled inhabitants.  The  population  is  very  mixed,  the  domi- 
nant race  being  Oozbeks.  In  1873  the  khanate  became 
virtually  subject  to  Russia,  but  it  retains  a  nominal  inde- 
pendence.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Khivan,  Kee'van. 

Khiva,  the  capital  of  the  above  country,  is  in  an  irr^ 
gated  plain  near  the  Amoo-Darya.     Lat.  41°  40'  N.  j  Ion. 
60°  13'  E.     Pop.  6000. 

Khmielnik,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Chhielnik. 

Kho-Dahman,  Afghanistan.    See  Koh-i-Damaun. 

Khodavendighar,  KO-d8,-v5n-de-gar',  a  vilayet  of 
Turkey,  in  Asia  Minor,  bordering  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 
It  is  mountainous,  with  much  fertile  soil,  and  produces 
grain,  wool,  cotton,  silk,  and  fruit  in  abundance.  Capital, 
Brusa.     Pop.  1,100,000. 

Khoi,  Koy,  a  town  of  North  Persia,  province  of  Azei' 
baijan,  20  miles  N.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyab.     Pop.  30,000. 

Khojend,  or  Kodjeud,  Ko^jdnd',  also  called  Chod- 
schent,  a  town  of  the  province  of  Syr-Darya,  Russian 
Toorkistan,  50  miles  W.  of  Khokan,  on  the  Jaxartee. 
Lat.  41°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  42'  E.  It  stands  on  rising 
ground,  enclosed  by  decayed  walls  and  wet  ditches,  and  in- 
tersected by  canals.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  cottonj 
fabrics,  and  a  large  trade  in  Russian  goods.     Pop.  28,000. 

Khokan,  or  Khokand.    See  Ferghana. 

Khokan,  Ko^kin',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  ofj 
Ferghana,  about  280  miles  N.W.  of  Kashgar,  and  220  mile 
N.N.E.  of  Samarcand.     It  has  bazaars,  mosques,  publ' 
schools,  and  several  caravansaries.     Pop.  60,000. 


KHO 


1553 


KI 


KholiB)  Kolm,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Pskov, 
on  the  Lovat,  110  miles  S.E.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  4718. 

Khondistan,  kon-dis-tin',  a  name  applied  vaguely  to 
that  part  of  India  where  the  Khonds  dwell.  The  term  is 
thus  a  more  comprehensive  one  than  Khond-Mals,  which  is 
the  name  of  their  principal  abode. 

Khond-Mals,  kond-m&lz',  or  Kandh-Mals,  kund- 
m&lz',  a  district  of  Orissa,  India,  nominally  belonging  to 
Boad,  but  really  under  British  administration.  The  Khond- 
Mals  are  the  principal  abode  of  a  very  interesting  people, 
called  Ebonds,  who  possess  many  admirable  qualities,  though 
they  were  once  addicted  to  human  sacrifices.  The  chief 
export  is  turmeric.     Pop.  51,810. 

Khonos,  a  village  of  Turkey.    See  Chonos. 

Khonsar,  Kon^sar',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee, 
83  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ispahan.  Pop.  12,000,  engaged  in 
raising  and  drying  fruits  and  weaving  chintz. 

Khoodaveudighiar.     See  Khodavendighar. 

Khooloom,  Khoulloam,  KooHoom',  Khulm, 
Khoulin,  Koolm,  Gholam,  go-l&m',  or  Tashkurgan, 
tish-koor^gin',  a  town  of  Afghan  Toorkistan,  capital  of 
Khooloom  district,  on  the  river  Khooloom,  40  miles  W.  of 
Balkh,  Lat.  36°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  5'  E.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  wall,  and  by  hills  on  three  sides.  The  present  town  is 
4  miles  S.  of  the  old  site,  and  is  properly  a  group  of  vil- 
lages.    Pop.  15,000. 

Khoom,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Eooh. 

Khoon^awur'  (or  Koonawar,  koo-n^-wGr')  Pass, 
one  of  the  loftiest  across  the  Himalayas.  Lat.  31°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  18°  30'  E.     Elevation,  20,000  feet. 

Khoondooz,  Koundouz,  or  Kundaz,  koon-dooz', 
a  district  of  Afghan  Toorkistan,  lat.  35°  to  38°  N.,  Ion.  68° 
to  72°  E.,  having  S.  Afghanistan,  and  E.  Budukhshan. 
The  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  mountainous,  but  there 
are  many  fertile  tracts,  which  yield  abundant  crops  of 
grain,  principally  wheat  and  barley  j  while  the  marshy 
grounds,  which  are  very  extensive,  produce  much  rice. 

Khoondooz,  or  Koundouz,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  near  the  Amoo-Darya.  Lat.  36°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  69°  21'  E.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Khoonds,  a  tribe  of  Indians.    See  Khond-Mals. 

Khooija,  or  Khurja,  koor'ji,  a  town  of  India,  Boo- 
lundshahur  district,  54  miles  S.  of  Meerut.     Pop.  26,858. 

Khoozistan,  Khoazistan,  or  Khuzistan,  koo- 

zis-t4n',  originally  Khoristan,  Ko^ris-t4n',  the  "country 

of  estuaries"  (or  Ichors),  (anc.  Susia'na),  a  province  of  Per- 

^a,  mostly  between  lat.  30°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  46  and  51° 

p.,  having  N.  the  Bakhtiyari  Mountains,  separating  it  from 

ik-Ajemee,  E.  Ears,  W.  the  pashalic  of  Bagdad  (in  Asia- 
ic  Turkey),  and  S.  the  Persian  Gulf.  The  surface  is  mostly 
lountainous ;  but  in  the  S.  are  some  plains.  The  Tigris 
and  Euphrates  (Shat-el-Arab)  form  a  part  of  its  W.  bound- 
ary. In  that  part  which  borders  on  the  Persian  Gulf 
there  are  numerous  river-mouths,  or  estuaries,  whence  the 
province  derives  its  name.  The  products  are  rice,  maize, 
Darley,  cotton,  sugar-cane,  dates,  indigo,  and  silk.  The 
pasturages  are  extensive,  and  live-stock  numerous.  The 
trade  is  mostly  with  Bassorah  and  Bagdad.  The  principal 
towns  are  Shooster,  Dezfool,  and  Mohammerah. 

Khoper,  Ko'p^r,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
^ment  of  Penza,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Don  after  a  course 
l>f  250  miles,  for  the  last  100  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Khor,  or  Khore,  K5r  (a  "month"  or  "estuary"),  is 
le  prefixed  name  of  various  bays  in  the  East,  the  principal 
eing  Khore-Abdallah  (k5r-4b-dirii),  on  the  Persian 
iulf,  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Euphrates.    See  Khoozistan. 

Khorassan,  or  Khorasan,  Ko^r^-s&n'  [i.e.,  "region 
^  the  sun"),  a  province  of  Persia,  between  lat.  34°  and  38° 
I .  and  Ion.  53°  and  61°  E. ;  its  limits,  however,  have  often 

iried  considerably.    It  has  N.  Khiva,  and  E.  Afghanistan. 

Its  S.  part  is  a  sandy  waste;  the  rest  of  its  surface  con- 

_iists  of  mountain-ranges  and  fertile  valleys.     Wheat,  rice, 

tobacco,  cotton,  hemp,  and  assafoetida  are  grown.     Principal 

towns,  Meshed  and  Nishapoor. 

Khoristan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khoozistan. 

Khorol,  Ko-rol',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Kharkov,  and,  after  a  southward  course  of  about 
140  miles,  joins  the  Psiol. 

Khorramabad,  Kor-rim-i-bid',  or  Khornm- Abad, 
Ko-rum-i-bS,d',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee, 
district  of  Looristan,  on  the  Koon,  98  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Hamadan.  It  consists  of  about  1000  houses,  and  has  many 
curious  antiquities.  The  fort,  which  overlooks  the  town, 
occupies  a  steep  rock  about  1000  yards  in  circumference,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  double  wall  at  the  base.  A  magnificent 
reservoir  has  been  formed  within  it. 

Khorsabad,  KOR'si-bid',  Korsabad  (probably  a  cor- 


ruption of  Khoaroo-Ahad,  the  "abode  of  Khosroes  or  Chos- 
roes,"  a  famous  Persian  king),  or  Khortabad,  kor^ti- 
b&d',  a  village  of  Turkey  in  Asia,  13  miles  in  a  direct  line 
N.E.  of  Mosul.  Here  Botta,  in  1843,  discovered  the  ruins 
of  a  large  building  containing  Assyrian  sculptures  and  in- 
scriptions, the  first  discovery  of  the  antiquities  of  Nineveh. ' 

Khosroo-Shah,Kos^roo'-Bh&',  written  also  KhosraU" 
Shah,  a  village  and  valley  of  Persia,  province  of  Azer- 
baijan, the  former  S.W.  of  Tabreez. 

Khoten,  KoHdn',  Khotan,  KoH&n',  Eelchee,  Eel- 
chi,  or  Ilchi,  eel-ohee',  written  also  Elechee  and 
Ilitsi,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion. 
80°  30'  E.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  large  district  called  Kho- 
ten,  a  great  plain,  the  S.W.  continuation  of  the  Gobi 
Desert ;  but  in  some  parts  it  is  very  fertile.  Khoten  is  en- 
closed by  earthen  ramparts,  and  is  the  station  of  a  Chinese 
garrison,  but  is  mostly  peopled  by  Oozbeks,  who  manufacture 
leather,  silk  fabrics,  and  paper,  and  have  a  brisk  trade  in 
these  goods  and  in  jasper  and  other  produce.    Pop.  30,000 

Khoten  River,  Toorkistan.     See  Yuruns-Kash. 

Khotin,  or  Khotine,  Russia.    See  Chottn. 

Khoton,  China.    See  Kookoo-Kota. 

Khoullonm,  or  Khonlm,  Asia.    See  Khooloou. 

Khoum,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  KooM. 

Khouzistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khoozistait. 

Khozdar,  kozMar',  a  decayed  town  of  Beloochistan, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Jhalawan,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kelat.     Lat.  27°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  23'  E. 

Khiuooa,  koo-joo'i,  a  town  of  India,  North- West 
Provinces,  division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  5150. 

Khulm,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.    See  Khooloou. 

Khulsia,  or  Khalsia,  ktll's^-i,  a  state  of  India,  on 
the  Sirhind  plain.     Area,  168  square  miles.     Pop.  62,000. 

Khundpara,  or  Khandpara,  kQnd-p&'ri,  a  state  of 
India,  in  Orissa.  Lat.  20°  25'-20°  11'  15"  N.;  Ion.  85°  1' 
-85°  24'  40"  E.  Area,  244  square  miles.  It  is  highly  fer- 
tile  and  well  cultivated.  Chief  town,  Kantilo.  Capital, 
Khundpara.     Pop.  57,007. 

Khundpara,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above,  and  the 
abode  of  the  native  rajah.  Lat.  20°  15'  50"  N.;  Ion.  85° 
12'  51"  E.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Khnrda,  koor'd&,  a  town  of  the  Ahmednuggur  district, 
India.     Pop.  6889. 

Khureela,  or  Khurela,  koo-ree'l&,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Humeerpoor.     Pop.  7879. 

Khuija,  India.    See  Khoorja. 

Khaszt,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Huszth. 

Khuzistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khoozistan. 

Khvalynsk,  or  Khvalinsk,  K'vi-leensk',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  115  miles  N.E.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  15,628. 

Khwaresm,  Toorkistan.    See  Kharasu. 

Khyber  or  Kheyber  (ki'b^r)  Pass,  in  Afghanistan, 
is  the  principal  N.  pass  into  that  country  from  India,  com- 
mencing 10  miles  W.  of  Peshawer,  and  extending  for  30 
miles  N.W.  to  the  plain  of  Jelalabad.  It  lies  through  cliffs 
rising  from  600  to  1000  feet.  The  Khybers  are  a  tribe  of 
robbers  occupying  the  adjacent  territory. 

Khyen  (ki-5n')  Country,  a  region  of  Indo-China,  be- 
tween lat.  19°  and  24°  N.  and  Ion.  93°  and  95°  E.,  having 
W.  the  British  provinces  of  Aracan  and  Chittagong. 

Khyen-Dwem,  or  Kyen-Dwem,  ki-4n^-dw5m',  ot 
Ningthee,  ningHhee',  a  river  of  Farther  India,  rises  in  lat. 
27°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  30'  E.,  flows  mostly  S.  between  the 
Muneepoor  and  Burmese  dominions,  and  joins  the  Irra- 
waddy  opposite  Yandabo,  in  Burmah,  after  a  course  esti- 
mated at  400  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  the  largest  boats 
to  Kingnao,  in  lat.  23°  45'  N. 

Khyerpoor,  kr^r-poor',  or  Khyrpoor,  kir^poor',  a 
town  of  Sinde,  15  miles  E.  of  the  Indus.  Lat.  27°  31'  N.; 
Ion.  68°  45'  E.  It  is  a  mere  collection  of  mud  hovels,  with 
a  fort,  a  mosque,  and  some  bazaars. 

Khyrabad,  or  Kheyr-Abad,  kIr-&-b&d',  several 
towns  of  India,  the  principal  being  100  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Oude.     Lat.  27°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  40'  E.     Pop.  15,677. 

Khyragurh,  or  Khairagarh,  krri-gur',  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  state  of  the  same  name,  125  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Nagpoor.  Area  of  state  (now  under  British  man- 
agement), 940  square  miles.     Pop.  122,264. 

Khyrgaon,  kir-g&-5n',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  an  arm  of 
the  Indus,  in  lat.  26°  66'  N.,  Ion.  67°  50'  E.  Pop.  between 
2000  and  3000. 

Khyrpoor,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Khyerpoor. 

Khyrpoor-Dahr,  kir^poor'-daR',  a  considerable  town 
of  Sinde,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Roree,  in  a  tract  well  irrigated 
by  canals  from  the  Indus. 

Ki,  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Kbt. 


KIA 


1554 


KIE 


Kiakhta,  or  Kiachta,  ke-&K't4,  a  town  of  Siberia, 
government  of  Transbaikalia,  180  miles  S.E.  of  Irkootsk, 
close  to  the  Chinese  frontier,  and  the  great  emporium  of 
the  trade  between  Russia  and  China.  Lat.  50°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
106°  35'  E.  It  consists  of  an  upper  fortified  town,  with 
a  stone  church,  some  brick  government  offices,  &c.,  and  the 
lower  town,  inhabited  by  merchants,  situated  opposite  the 
Chinese  village  of  Maimaichin.  The  Russians  here  ex- 
change lamb-skins,  furs,  broadcloths,  coarse  linens,  cattle, 
woollens,  cottons,  and  bullion,  for  tea,  raw  and  manufac- 
tured silks,  nankeens,  porcelain,  rhubarb,  and  other  Chinese 
produce.     Pop.  4286. 

Kiam'a,  a  town  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  on  the 
coast,  90  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sydney,  with  an  artificial  port 
designed  as  a  harbor  of  refuge.   Near  it  good  coal  abounds. 

Kiamensi,  ki^a-men's?,  a  village  in  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Wilmington,  and  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Marshallton. 
It  has  woollen-mills  and  a  public  hall. 

Ki an- Chang,  China.    See  Kien-Chano-Foo. 

Kiang,  ke-ing'  or  ke-4ng',  a  Chinese  word  signifying 
"  river,"  forming  a  part  of  numerous  names,  as  Min-Kiang, 
the  "Min  River j"  Ta-Kiang,  the  "Great  River"  (one  of 
the  names  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang),  Ac. 

Kiang-Cbau-Fu,  a  city  of  China.   See  Kiono-Choo. 

Kiaug-Hung,  ke-&ng^-hoong',  a  town  of  Laos,  on  the 
Me-Kong  River,  about  lat.  21°  58'  N.,  Ion.  100°  39'  E.  It 
is  the  capital  of  a  large  province.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Kiaug-Ku,  a  river  of  China.     See  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Kiang-Ning,  orKiang-Ning-Foo.  See  Nanking. 

Kiang-See,  or  Kiang-Si,  ke-&ng^-see',  a  province 
of  China,  between  lat.  24°  and  30°  K  and  Ion.  113°  20' 
and  118°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  provinces  of  Hoo-Nan, 
Hoo-Pe,  Ngan-Hoei,  Che-Kiang,  Fo-Kien,  and  Quang- 
Tong.  Pop.  23,046,999.  The  surface  is  mostly  moun- 
tainous, but  its  centre  is  traversed  by  the  Kan-Kiang.  The 
products  comprise  gold,  iron,  tin,  lead,  hemp,  grass-cloths, 
and  the  finest  porcelain.     Capital,  Nan-Chang. 

Kiang-Soo,  Kiang-Sou,  or  Kiang-Sn,  ke-ing^- 
Boo',  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  31°  and  35°  N.  and 
Ion.  116°  and  122°  E.,  having  E.  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  land- 
ward the  provinces  of  Shan-Toong,  Ho-Nan,  Ngan-Hoei, 
and  Che-Kiang.  Pop.  37,843,501.  The  surface  is  mostly 
level,  except  in  the  S.,  and  this  is  one  of  the  most  fertile 
and  valuable  provinces  of  the  empire,  exporting  more  silk 
than  any  other  part  of  China.  The  great  river  Yang-tse- 
Kiang  here  enters  the  sea.     Principal  city,  Nanking. 

Kiang-Tung,  ke-ing^-toong'  or  ke-4ng^-tiing',  a 
walled  town  of  Laos.     Lat.  21°  47'  N.;  Ion.  99°  39'  E. 

Kiankary,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Kankaree. 

Kian-Koo-Shan,  or  Kian-Kou-Chan,  ke-&n'- 
koo^-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Hoo-Pe,  in  lat.  31°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  110°  27'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Kian-Ning,ke-in'-ning',  a  city  of  China,  in  Fo-Kien, 
85  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo. 

Kian-Tchang,  China.    See  Kien-Chang-Foo. 

Kiantone,  ki'an-tdn,  a  post- village  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Kiantone  township,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  James- 
town.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100  ;  of  township,  620. 

Kiatkhta,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Kiakhta. 

Kibar,  Kee'baR',  a  village  of  Bulti,  13,800  feet  above 
the  sea,  in  a  narrow  valley  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  lofty 
mountains.     Lat.  32°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  E. 

Kib'beville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo..  Miss.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Natchez. 

Kib'bie,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  &  South  Haven  Railroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  South  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

Ki^besil'lah  (Span.  pron.  kee-bi-seePyfl,),  a  post-office 
of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Kibris,  the  Turkish  name  for  Cyprus. 

Kibt,  a  Turkish  name  of  Egypt. 

Kichenev,  or  Kichinev,  Russia.    See  Kishenev. 

Kickapoo,  kik^9,-poo',  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  111., 
in  Kickapoo  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Edwards  Station, 
and  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  about  300. 
Kickapoo  Station  on  the  Galesburg  <fc  Peoria  Railroad  is 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1440. 
It  has  5  churches,  also  rich  coal-mines. 

Kickapoo,  a  township  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  on 
theMissouri  River.     Pop.  1415.     It  contains  Kickapoo  City. 

Kickapoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palestine. 

Kickapoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  about  36 
miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1115. 

Kickapoo   City,  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co., 


Kansas,  in  Kickapoo  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  acd 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Leavenworth.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  brooms,  carriages,  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  600. 

Kickapoo  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  McLean  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  enters  Salt  Creek  in  Logan  co.,  about  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Kickapoo  Creek,  Peoria  co..  111.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Illinois  River  about  4  miles  below  Peoria. 

Kickapoo  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Van  Zandt  co.,  runs 
S.E.,  and  enters  the  Neches  River  in  Henderson  co. 

Kickapoo  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs 
nearly  southward,  intersects  Vernon  and  Crawford  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  12  miles  E.  of  Prairie  du 
Chien.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Kickapoo  Station,  a  post-office  of  Indian  Territory. 

Kickionerri,  kik'ke-o-n4r'ree,  written  also  Kiki- 
Whirri  and  Kikiwhary,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Ashan- 
tee  country,  in  lat.  6°  2'  N.,  Ion.  1°  29'  W.     Pop.  12,000. 

Kid'der,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Dakota, 
intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  1440 
square  miles.     Capital,  Steele.     Pop.  in  1890,  1211. 

Kidder,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  in  Kidder 
township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  43  miles 
E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  a 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.    Pop.  822 ;  of  township,  1288. 

Kidder,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1417. 

Kidderminster,  kid'd^r-min'st^r,  a  borough  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Worcester,  on  both  sides  of  the  Stour,  near  its 
confluence  with  the  Severn,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Worcester. 
It  is  principally  constructed  of  small  dwellings,  is  paved, 
lighted  with  gas,  and  has  an  ample  supply  of  water.  It  baa 
a  town  hall  and  a  prison,  numerous  places  of  worship,  a 
free  grammar-  and  other  schools,  bank,  workhouse,  and, 
adjoining  the  town,  the  remains  of  an  ancient  castle.  Kid- 
derminster was  noted  for  its  woollen  manufactures  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  The  fabrics  now  made  are  carpets 
and  rugs,  with  bombazines,  button-coverings,  and  waistcoat- 
pieces.  The  Stafford  &  Worcester  Canal  passes  the  town. 
The  borough  sends  one  member  to  Parliament.     P.  24,803. 

Kid^derpoor',  a  large  southern  suburb  of  Calcutta,  on 
the  Hoogly,  with  a  government  and  private  dock-yards. 

Kid'der's  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  3  miles  from  Farmersville 

Kid'dridge,  a  post-office  of  Osage  oo..  Mo. 

Kidd's  Mines,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Quincy. 

Kidd'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  about  32 
miles  £.  b^  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  7  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Kiddville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  in  Otisco 
township,  on  Flat  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  & 
Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing. 

Kiddville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo..  Mo.,  46  miles 
N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Kidron,  a  stream  of  Palestine.    See  Kedron. 

Kidron,  Coweta  co.,  Gra.     See  Kedron. 

Kidros,  kee'dros^  (anc.  Pyd'na  t),  a  village  of  European 
Turkey,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Salonica,  near  the  Gulf  of  Salo- 
nica.     It  is  remarkably  clean  and  neat. 

Kids'grove,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  at  a 
railway  junction,  5  miles  N.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme 
Pop.  4162. 

Kid' well,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  oo.,  W.  Va.,  24  mile" 
N.  of  Pennsborough  Station. 

Kidwel'ly,  or  Cydweli,  kid-w£l'ee,  a  borough  ana 

Eort  of  Wales,  oo.  and  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Carmarthen,  on 
oth  sides  of  the  Gwendraeth,  near  Carmarthen  Bay.  It 
has  iron-  and  tin-smelting-works,  the  products  of  which, 
with  coal,  form  the  chief  exports.     Pop.  of  parish,  2072. 

Kiedrich,  kee'driK,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  3  miles  W.  of  Elfeld.     Pop.  1434. 

Kief,  a  government  and  city  of  Russia.     See  Kiev. 

Kieferstadtl,  kee'f^r-stitt'r,  or  Cosniczowice, 
kos-neet^so-^eet'si,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1015. 

Kieferrille,  kee'f§r-vll,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  ac,  0. 

Kiel,  keel,  a  seaport  town  of  Holstein,  Prussia,  on  a  fine 
bay  of  the  Baltic,  63  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hamburg,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  two  lines  of  railway.  Pop.  (1890,  with  suburbs) 
69,172.  It  is  well  built  and  thriving.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  the  palace,  and  the  public 
baths.  It  has  a  university,  attached  to  which  is  an  obser- 
vatory ;  also  a  botanic  garden,  a  lying-in  hospital,  a  public 
library  with  140,000  volumes,  a  seminary  for  teachers,  a 
naval  academy,  and  a  school  for  seamen.  Kiel  has  manu- 
factures of  iron  goods  and  machines,  tobacco,  starch,  and 
sugar,  a  good   harbor,  ship-building,  a  great   navy-yard. 


KIE 


1555 


KIL 


arsenals,  docks,  and  fortifications.  The  Holstein  Canal  joins 
the  Baltic  2  miles  N.  of  the  town. 

Kiel)  keel,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Sheboygan  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  68 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kielce,  or  Kjeletz,  kyfil'Stz,  a  government  of  Russia, 
in  Poland,  bordering  upon  Austrian  Galicia.  Area,  3623 
square  miles.  It  has  a  diversified  surface  and  fruitful  soil, 
and  is  rich  in  metals.     Capital,  Eielce.     Pop.  538,403. 

Kielce,  or  Kjeize,  ke-filt'si  or  kySlt'si,  a  city  of 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Kielce,  64  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Cracow.  Pop.  7838.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  nu- 
merous religious  edifices,  with  a  gymnasium  and  diocesan 
school.     There  are  copper-  and  lead-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Kieldrecht,  keel'drfiKt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  18  miles  N.  of  Dendermonde.    Pop.  3000. 

Kien-Chang-Foo,  Kien-Tchang-Fou,  ke-5n^- 
ch4ng-foo',  Kian-CUang,  or  Kian-Tchang,  ke-in'- 
ching',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See.  Lat.  27° 
35' N.J  Ion.  116°  27' E. 

Kien-ChoW)  a  city  of  China.    See  Eiong-Choo. 

Kiendar,  a  river  of  Australia.     See  Gwydir  River. 

Kieu-Lung,  ke-dn^-lting',  or  Chin-Lung,  a  town 
of  Thibet,  on  the  Upper  Sutlej,  42  miles  S.  of  Garoo. 

Kienstra'8  (keen'str§.z)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Adams 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Kieoo-Kiang,  or  Kieou-Kiang,  kee^oo'-ke-ing', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  with  a  fort  on  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang,  in  lat.  29°  54'  N.,  Ion.  116°  8'  E. 

Kieoo- Ting- Shan  (or-Chan).    See  Min-Shan. 

Kier,  keer,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa. 

Kierteminde,  kecR't^h-min^d^h,  a  seaport  town  of 
Denmark,  island  of  Funen,  on  its  E.  coast.     Pop.  2148. 

Kiester,  kees't^r,  township,  Faribault  co.,  Minn.    P.  89. 

Kiev,  Kiew,  ke-5v',  or  Kief,  ke-fif,  a  government  in 
the  S.W.  of  European  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Dnieper, 
from  lat.  48°  20'  to  51°  30'  N.  and  from  Ion.  28°  25'  to  33° 
E.  Area,  19,682  square  miles.  The  surface  is  fiat  and  un- 
dulating, watered  by  the  Dnieper  and  the  Teterev.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile,  except  a  small  portion  in  the  N.,  which 
is  covered  with  excellent  timber.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  maize,  lint,  hemp,  tobacco,  hops,  and  vines.  Cattle 
are  extensively  reared.     Pop.  3,139,937. 

Kiev,  Kiew,  or  Kief,  a  fortified  city  of  European 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Kiev,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Dnieper  (over  which  a  bridge  half  a  mile  long 
has  been  erected),  670  miles  S.  of  St.  Petersburg,  490  miles 
S.W.  of  Moscow,  and  290  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Odessa.  Lat. 
50°  26'  63"  N.j  Ion.  30°  33'  44"  E.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated,  crowning  several  heights  of  undulating  ground, 
and  consists  of  four  towns,  each  of  which  has  its  separate 
fortifications.  The  first  is  Petehersk,  called  the  New  Fort, 
crowning  a  rugged  steep  to  the  S.  Besides  the  barracks, 
magazines,  and  residences  connected  with  the  garrison,  it 
contains  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas  Thaumaturgus.  In  the 
same  neighborhood  stands  the  monastery  of  Petcherskoi, 
surrounded  by  a  wall  1100  yards  long,  where  a  cavern, 
forming  a  kind  of  labyrinth,  contains  relics  which  make  it 
a  great  resort  of  pilgrimage.  The  second  town,  Kiev  proper, 
occupies  a  height  towards  the  N.,  less  elevated  than  that  on 
whicn  Petehersk  stands,  and  less  regularly  fortified.  It  con- 
tains the  venerable  cathedral  of  St.  Sophia,  founded  in  1037 
by  the  Grand  Duke  Yaroslaf.  Most  of  the  houses  in  Kiev 
proper  belong  to  this  church  and  the  convent  of  St.  Michael. 
The  third  town,  called  Podol,  occupies  the  lower  ground, 
and  is  the  commercial  quarter.  The  fourth  town  is  called 
Vladimir.  Kiev  has  many  churches,  an  archbishop's  palace, 
a  prison,  and  a  town  and  military  hospital.  Its  university, 
founded  in  1834,  is  endowed;  it  has  a  library,  cabinets  of 
medals,  mineralogy,  zoology,  and  botany,  and  most  of  the 
collections  transferred  from  the  old  University  of  Vilna. 
Connected  with  it  is  a  theological  seminary,  with  a  large 
library,  gymnasia,  and  other  schools.  Kiev  is  the  residence 
of  the  governor-general  of  Little  Russia.  It  has  a  bell- 
foundry,  and  some  manufactures  of  leather,  pottery,  and 
confectionery.  Its  trade  is  extensive.  The  town  possesses 
interest  aa  the  spot  on  which  Christianity  was  first  planted 
in  Russia,  and  as  having  been  long  the  capital  of  Russia. 
Pop.  (1891)  180,321. 

Kifri,  kee'free,  a  town  or  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  108 
miles  N.B.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Koordistan  frontier. 

Kii  (kl?)  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  situated  N.  of 
Port  Essington,  in  North  Australia. 

Kij,  or  Kidge,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Kedjs. 

Kijari,  a  village  of  British  India.    See  Kedobbee. 

Kikeu,  ke-kew',  a  town  of  French  Indo-China,  in  Ton- 
quin,  80  miles  E.  of  Ketcho.     It  is  fortified  in  the  Euro- 


pean style,  regularly  built,  intersected  by  canals,  and  has 
a  palace  and  large  rioe-magazines. 

Kikiay,  ke-ke-i',  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  S.  of  Japan,  and  N.  of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Kikinda,  kee-keen'ddh\  called  also  Gross-  (or 
Nagy)  Kikinda,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  18,234. 

Kikineis,  ke-ke-nice',  a  large  Tartar  village  of  Russia, 
government  of  Taurida,  near  the  Black  Sea. 

KikiAvhary,  or  Kikiwhirri.    See  Kickionerri. 

Kil  and  Kill  (Erse,  a  "church"),  prefixes  to  the  names 
of  numerous  parishes  and  towns  of  Ireland. 

Kila  and  Killa,  kil'13,,  the  names  of  many  forts  and 
villages  of  Afghanistan.  The  principal  was  Killa  Murgha, 
or  NowA  Mubgha,  a  fort  100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghuznee,  and 
destroyed  by  the  British  in  1839. 

Kilanea,  kee-ldw-&'a,  an  active  volcanic  crater  on  the 
S.  slope  of  Mauna  Loa,  Hawaii,  Sandwich  Islands,  3970 
feet  above  the  sea,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Hilo.  Great  erup- 
tions occurred  in  1797,  1840,  and  1866. 

Kilbaha,  kiPbi-hi',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare, 
on  a  small  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Kilbarchan,  kil-bar'Kan,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Renfrew,  5i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paisley.     Pop;  2678. 

Kilbeg'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  on 
the  Upper  Brosna,  6i  miles  N.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  1145. 

Kilbir'nie,  or  Kilbur'nie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Ayr,  17  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  jSrlasgow.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  linen.     Pop.  3313. 

Kil'bourn,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co..  111.,  in  Kil- 
bourn  township,  on  the  Springfield  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches 

Kilbourn,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines 
Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Kilbourn,  or  Kilbourn  City,  a  post-village  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  17 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Portage  City,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Baraboo. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  8  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Here  is  a 
fine  railway  bridge  across  the  river,  which  flows  through  a 
beautiful  gorge,  or  canon,  called  the  Dalles.    Pop.  1000. 

Kilbourne,  Delaware  co.,  0.    See  Eden. 

Kilbran'nau  Sound,  a  strait  of  Scotland,  between 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  island  of  Arran  and  the  coast  of  Kin- 
tyre.     It  is  about  14  miles  long  by  4  miles  broad. 

Kir  bride',  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  N.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  250. 

Kil'buck,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Kil'burn,  a  hamlet  of  England,  in  the  metropolis,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.     Pop.  19,644. 

Kilburnie,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Kilbirnie. 

Kil 'by,  a  station  in  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond 
<fc  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Kilchberg,  kils'bdRO,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Emmen.     Pop.  1279. 

Kilchberg,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  3 
miles  S.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1293. 

Kilchis,  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon.     See  Idatille. 

Kildare,  kil-dair',  a  county  of  Ireland,  having  E.  the 
counties  of  Dublin  and  Wicklow.  Area,  664  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  mostly  flat.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Boyne, 
Barrow,  and  Liffey.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  deep  and  fertile 
loam ;  and  the  Curragh  of  Kildare,  a  tract  in  its  centre,  is 
scarcely  to  be  matched  for  the  excellence  of  its  turf  and 
rich  verdure.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  oats,  and  barley. 
The  best  English  breeds  of  cattle  have  been  introduced. 
The  principal  trade  is  in  corn  and  flour,  the  export  of  which 
is  facilitated  by  the  river  Barrow  and  the  Royal  and  Grand 
Canals  and  their  branches,  which  connect  the  county  with 
Dublin,  Waterford,  and  the  Shannon.  The  Great  Southwest 
Railway  intersects  the  ooanty.  Principal  towns,  Athy,  Kil- 
dare, and  Naas,  the  capital.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  CommoQB.    Pop.  in  1881, 75,804;  in  1891,  69,^98. 

Kildare,  a  town  in  the  above  county,  on  the  Great 
Southwest  Railway,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  1333. 
It  stands  on  an  elevated  plain,  and  has  a  very  ancient 
cathedral,  a  part  of  a  chapel  reputed  to  date  from  the  fifth 
century,  a  round  tower  132  feet  in  height,  remains  of  an 
abbey  and  of  a  castle,  a  county  infirmary,  nunnery,  friary, 
jockey-club,  and  numerous  inns,  frequented  during  the 
Curragh  races.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 

Kildare,  kil-dair',  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Kirwin  township,  60  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Kildare,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  <& 
Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Jefferson. 


KIL 


1556 


KIL 


Kildare,  a  post-village  of  Juneau  co.,  "Wis.,  in  Kildare 
township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wisconsin 
River),  and  at  Lyndon  Station  on  the  La  Crosse  division 
of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Mauston.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  558. 

Kildare,  kil-dair',  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  9  miles  from  Alberton.     Pop.  160. 

Kildare^  kil-dair',  a  post- village  in  Jolietteco.,  Quebec, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Joliette.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  lumber-trade.     Pop.  400. 

Kildrnm'mie,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  on 
the  Don,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntley.     It  contains  remains 
of  a  castle,  famous  for  its  siege  by  Edward  I.  in  1306. 
Kilemba^  a  town  of  Africa.    See  ITbua. 
KiPfinane',  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Limerick,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Kilmallock.     Pop.  1299. 

Kil'gore;  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Louden 
township,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  3  churches. 
Kilgore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in  Irwin 
township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Kilgore,  a  post-village  of  Gregg  co.,  Tex.,  69  miles  by 

rail  N.N.E.  of  Palestine.     It  has  2  churches,  a  Methodist 

institute,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  bricks,  i$;c.    P.  500. 

Kiliy  kee'Iee,  or  Kilia,  kee'l^-^,  a  fortress  on  the  Black 

Sea,  in  Asia  Minor,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Kilia^  kee'Ie-&,  or  kil'e-a,  the  name  of  the  north  arm  of 

the  Danube. Adj.  Kilian,  kil'e-an. 

Kilia,  kee'le-i,  or  Kilianova,  kee'le-^-noVi,  a  for- 
tified town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the  Eilia,  or  north 
arm  of  the  Danube,  12  miles  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  7000. 
It  is  ill  built,  but  has  some  trade,  and  several  ohurones. 

Kilianstedfen,  kee'le-^n-stitH^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  province  of  and  near  Hanau.     Pop.  1000. 
Kilima-Njaro,  kire-min'ji-r?    {i.e.,  "mountain  of 
greatness"),  a  snowy  mountain  of  East  Africa,  discovered  in 
1847,  in  lat.  3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  37<>  E.     Elevation,  18,715  feet. 
Kiliseh-Koi,  kil'le-s^h-koy,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
on  a  lake,  68  miles  S.  of  Brusa.     It  has  many  remains, 
supposed  to  be  those  of  the  ancient  Ancyra. 
Kilis-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Eiz-Hissar. 
KiPkee',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the  beau- 
tiful bay  of  the  same  name,  8  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Kil- 
rush.     Pop.  1605.     It  is  a  fashionable  watering-place. 

Kicked',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  the  Kil- 
keel,  1  mile  above  its  mouth  in  the  Irish  Sea,  and  7^  miles 
E.S.E,  of  Rostrevor.     Pop.  1338. 

Kilken'ny,  a  county  of  Ireland,  having  S.  and  S.W. 
Waterford,  and  W.  Tipperary.  Area,  796  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  slightly  undulating ;  several  summits,  how- 
ever, rise  to  upwards  of  1000  feet  in  elevation.  The  chief 
rivers  are  the  Nore,  Barrow,  and  Suir.  The  soils  are  for 
the  most  part  light,  fertile  loams,  resting  on  limestone, 
gravel,  Ac,  and  presenting  much  less  bog  than  most  parts 
of  Ireland.  The  usual  corn  crops  form  the  chief  object  of 
the  farmer,  but  dairy-  and  sheep-farms  are  also  numerous. 
Anthracite  coal  abounds ;  fine  black  marble  is  also  found. 
The  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens,  which  long  flour- 
ished here,  have  now  materially  declined.  The  principal 
export  is  grain.  Two  crossing  lines  of  railway  intersect 
this  county,  and  navigable  rivers  and  the  Grand  Canal 
furnish  facilities  for  transport  to  all  parts  of  Ireland.  It 
sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in 
1881,  99,531;  in  1891,  87,154. 

Kilkenny,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  county,  and  a 
county  of  itself,  on  the  Nore,  here  crossed  by  two  hand- 
some bridges,  at  a  railway  junction,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Dublin. 
Pop.  11,048.  It  is  divided  by  the  river  into  the  Irish  and 
English  towns,  and  is,  with  the  exception  of  the  suburbs, 
well  built  of  stone ;  the  streets  are  paved  with  black  marble 
quarried  in  the  vicinity.  The  chief  buildings  are  the  old 
cathedral  of  St.  Canice  or  Kenny,  the  former  bishop's  palace, 
chapter-house,  deanery,  a  fine  round  tower,  several  churches, 
one  of  which  is  the  cathedral  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
fine  ruins  of  a  friary,  court-house,  county  and  city  prisons, 
inflnnary,  hospital,  workhouse,  barracks,  a  castle  built 
by  Strongbow  and  now  the  residence  of  the  Marquis  of 
Ormond,  Kilkenny  College,  a  grammar-school,  in  which 
Swift,  Congreve,  Farquhar,  Bishop  Berkeley,  and  other  dis- 
tinguished characters  received  the  early  part  of  their  educa- 
tion, the  college  of  St.  Kyran,  a  Roman  Catholic  seminary, 
and  numerous  other  public  and  private  schools.  The  liter- 
ary and  scientific  institutions  comprise  an  archaeological 
society  and  a  literary  society.  The  city  is  the  residence  of 
many  of  the  provincial  gentry.  It  has  distilleries,  tanneries, 
breweries,  and  flour-mills. 

Kilken'ny,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Kilkenny  township,  on  the  Cannon  River,  and  on  the  Minne- 


apolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  59  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Minne- 
apolis, and  about  18  miles  W.  of  Faribault.  The  township 
contains  several  small  lakes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  705. 

Kilkenny,  an  uninhabited  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.ni( 
98  miles  N.  of  Concord,  traversed  by  the  Pilot  Mountains. 
Kilker'ran  Bay,  a  large  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  district  of  Connemara. 
Its  coast-line,  N.W.  of  Galway  Bay,  is  intricately  varied 
with  small  bays  and  headlands,  and  the  bay  is  studded  with 
islands,  mostly  inhabited  by  fishermen. 
Killa,  Afghanistan.     See  Kila. 

Killala,  or  Killalla,  kiria-l&',  a  seaport  town  and 
Catholic  bishop's  see  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  a  large 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic  bearing  the  same  name,  7^  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  654. 

Killaloe,  kiri%-loo',  a  town  and  episcopal  see  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Clare,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Shannon,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  19  arches,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Limerick.  Pop.  1207,  including  the  suburb  of  Ballina. 
It  has  a  plain,  massive  cathedral,  in  a  very  early  style  of 
architecture,  2  old  stone-roofed  churches,  a  barrack,  slate- 
and  marble-works,  salmon-fisheries,  quays,  docks,  and  ware- 
houses. The  episcopal  palace  of  Killaloe  is  in  the  vicinity- 
Killaloe  is  also  a  Roman  Catholic  bishopric. 

Killaney,  kil-li'ne,  a  small  bay  and  village  of  Ireland, 
00.  of  Galway,  near  the  E.  end  of  Arranmore. 

Killar'ney^  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cork,  on  a  railway.  The  parish  includes  only 
a  part  of  the  far-famed  lake  scenery.  Killarney  has  2  or 
3  good  streets,  a  parish  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral 
for  the  diocese  of  Kerry,  a  nunnery,  a  female  school,  a  court- 
house, an  assembly-room,  a  workhouse,  a  hospital,  and  read- 
ing-rooms. There  are  several  good  hotels,  and  the  town  is 
mainly  supported  by  tourists.  Pop.  in  1881,  6661 ;  in  1891, 
6510.    See  Lakes  of  Killarney. 

Killar'ney,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Algoma, 
Ontario,  on  Georgian  Bay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  strait  di- 
viding Manitoulin  Island  from  the  mainland.     Pop.  200. 

Kil'lashee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Longford,  on 
the  Royal  Canal,  4i  miles  S.S.E,  of  Tarmonbarry. 

Kill'awog,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Tioghnioga   River,  and  on  the   Syracuse,  Binghamton  & 
New  York  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Binghamton.     It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Kill  bourne,  Delaware  oo.,  0.    See  Eden. 
Kili'back,  a  township  of  Lake  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  120. 
Killbuck,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.    See  Great  Vallbt. 
Killbnck,  Holmes  co.,  0.    See  Oxford. 
Killbuck,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1919. 
Killbuck  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  into  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  near  Anderson. 

Killbuck  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Medina  co.,  runs  southward  through  Wayne  and  Holmes 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Mohican  River,  in  Coshocton  co.,  6  milet 
N.W.  of  the  village  of  Coshocton.     It  is  80  miles  long. 

Kill  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  431. 

KiPlean',  a  post- village  in  Wellington  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Mill  Creek,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Gait.     Pop.  200. 

Killian's,  kil'le-anz,  a  hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  B.C., 
on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  12  milos 
N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches. 
Killian's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo„  N.O. 
KiPliecran'kie,  a  famous  pass  though  the  Grampian 
Mountains,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Dunkeld.  The  river  Garry  here  flows  for  about  2  miles 
through  a  narrow  ravine  of  great  depth.  At  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  pass,  the  battle  was  fought,  June,  1689,  in 
which  Graham  of  Claverhouse,  Viscount  Dundee,  fell. 

Kil'ligrew^s,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  on  the  S.  side  of  Conception 
Bay,  18  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  200. 

Killiney,  kil-le-nS,',  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Dub- 
lin, on  Killiney  Bay,  2i  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Kingston. 
Kill'inger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Harrisburg. 

Kill'ingly,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Killingly  township,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  A  Erie  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwich,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Put- 
nam. It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  Danielsonville.     Pop,  of  township  in  1890,  7027. 

Kill'ington  Peak,  Vermont,  is  a  peak  of  the  Green 
Mountains,  in  Rutland  co.,  about  6  miles  B.  by  S.  of  Rut- 
land.    Its  altitude  is  4221  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Kill'ingworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn., 
in  Killingworth  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New 


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Haven,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Clinton  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
8  ohurohea  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  856. 

Kill  mills,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  near  the 
Delaware  River,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  sohool-slates. 

Killmore,  Clinton  oo.,  Ind.    See  Kiluore. 

Kil'loU)  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  111.     Pop.  959. 

Killough,  kil'lpH,  or  St.  Ann's  Port,  a  small  sea- 
port town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  a  bay  of  the  same 
name,  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ardglass.     Pop.  718. 

Killucan,  kil-loo'kan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  West- 
meath,  Si  miles  E.  of  MuUingar. 

KilUybegs',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal, 
on  an  excellent  harbor,  14  miles  W.  of  Donegal. 

Killyleagh,  kiPle-li',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  on  Lough  Strangford,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belfast. 

Kilmalloch,  or  Killmalloch,  kil-mal'Igs,  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  and  19  miles  S.  of  Limerick.  It  has  fine  re- 
mains of  antiquity.     Pop.  1152. 

Kilmanagh,  kil-man'^,  a  post- village  of  Huron  co., 
Mich.,  in  Fair  Haven  township,  near  Saginaw  Bay,  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  farming-implements. 

Kilmar'nock,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ayr,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Irvine,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Kilmarnook-Water,  both  here  crossed  by  sev- 
eral bridges.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  collegiate  and 
other  churches,  a  town  hall,  the  exchange,  the  Ayrshire 
Bank,  an  academy,  a  workhouse,  numerous  schools  and 
literary  associations,  and  an  observatory.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  carpets,  shawls,  boots,  shoes,  woollen  yarn,  Scotch 
bonnets,  leather,  linen  and  cotton  goods,  silks,  hose,  ma- 
ohinery,  saddlery,  hats,  and  tobacco.  Near  it  are  great 
coal-mines.  Kilmarnock,  with  other  boroughs,  sends  a  mem- 
ber to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1881,  25,844;  in  1891,  28,447. 

Kilmar'nock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Ya., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  66  miles  N.  of  Norfolk.  It 
has  a  church. 

Kilmar'tin,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  be- 
tween its  W.  coast  and  Loch  Awe.  The  village  stands  in 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  of  the  Highland  glens. 

Kilmar'tin,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
4i  miles  N.W.  of  Glencoe.     Pop.  150. 

Kirmaurs',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Ayr,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Kilmarnock.    Pop.  1146. 

Kilmichael,  kil-mi'kfl,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
00.,  Miss.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Winona. 

Kilmore,  Ireland.     See  Clonfert. 

Kil'more,  or  Kill'more,  a  post-village  of  Clinton 
«o.,  Ind.,  in  Owen  township,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Frank- 
fort.    It  has  a  church,  several  stores,  &o. 

Kilren'ny,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the 
N.E,  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  8i  miles  S.S.E.  of  St. 
Andrew's.  It  unites  with  others  in  sending  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  2665. 

KiPmsh',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on 
the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Ennis.  A 
railway  connects  it  with  Kilkee.  It  ha«  a  mineral  spring, 
quarries  of  flagging,  and  manufactures  of  flannel,  frieze, 
linen,  Ac.     Pop,  4424. 

Kilsyth,  kiPsiTH',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Stirling, 
12i  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  cotton-weaving, 
and  coal-  and  iron-mines.  The  burgh,  in  a  valley,  on  the 
Forth  &  Clyde  Canal,  is  singularly  built,  and  has  a  gloomy 
aspect.  In  the  parish  are  several  Pictish  and  Roman  an- 
tiquities, and  the  ruins  of  Kilsyth  Castle.     Pop.  4895. 

Kilwah,  or  Keelwa,  Africa.     See  QuiiiOA. 

Kilwin'ning,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Irvine.  It  has  remains 
of  an  abbey  founded  in  1140.     Pop.  3598. 

Kim'ball,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Nebraska. 
Area,  923  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Lodge  Pole 
Creek,  and  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  Kimball,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
m  1890,  959. 

Kimball ,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Kimball  oo..  Neb., 
37  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Sidney.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  It  is  in  a 
great  stock-raising  centre.     Pop.  in  1890,  193. 

Kimball,  a  post-village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
BraEos,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Waco. 

Kim'berley,  a  diamond-mining  town  of  South  Africa, 
in  Qriqualand  West,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Bloemfontein. 
Pop.  in  1875,  13,690;  in  1889,  28,663. 

Kim'berton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenixville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  oarriage-shop. 


Kimble,  kim'b^l,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1360  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Llano  River  and  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which 
unite  near  the  middle  of  the  county.  Capital,  Junction 
City.     Pop.  in  1870,  72 ;  in  1880,  1343 ;  in  1890,  2243. 

Kimble,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  in  Palmyra 
township,  on  the  Honesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Hawley.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kim'bolton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  Kimbolton  Castle,  the  seat  of  th« 
Duke  of  Manchester,  is  here.     Pop.  of  parish,  1609. 

Kim'bolton,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Kimbolton,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  3  churches. 

Kimbolton,  Quebec.    See  Boltok  Centre. 

Kimbrough's  (kim'broz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mo- 
Minn  CO.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  from  Athens.     It  has  3  churches. 

Kim'eo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Kimeo  township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Waterville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  658. 

Kimi,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kemijoei. 

Kimito,  ke-mee'to,  a  village  of  Finland,  Isen  and  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Abo,  on  an  island  25  miles  long. 

Kim'mel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Green 
township,  about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Kimms'wick,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Mississippi,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Maramec, 
and  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  21  miles 
S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  2  churches,  an  iron-forge,  a 
flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  boots,  shoes,  4c. 

Kimpina,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Cahpina. 

Kimpolung,  kim'po-loong\  or  Kimpelung,  kim'- 
p9h-loong\  a  town  of  Roumania,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Bucha- 
rest. It  covers  a  large  surface,  and  has  several  churches 
and  convents,  and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  9090. 

Kim'shew,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  857. 

Kimulga,  or  Kymnlga,  ki'mul-ga,  a  post-office  of 
Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad, 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Talladega. 

Kin,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Livonia. 
Kin  is  also  the  name  of  several  towns  of  China. 

Ki'nard's  Turnout,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Laurens  Railroad. 

Kinboorn,  Kinbonrn,  or  Kinburn,  kin^boom',  a 
fortress  of  Russia,  government  of  Taurida,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Dnieper.  It  is  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  the  waters 
of  the  Black  Sea  and  the  estuary  of  the  Dnieper. 

Kin'bnrn,  a  post- village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pakenham.     It  contains  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Kinburn,  Ontario.    See  Constance. 

Kinburn,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Mahonb  Bat. 

Kincaid',  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  111.    Pop.  1049. 

Kincardine,  or  Kincardineshire,  king-kar'din- 
shir,  or  The  Mearns,  mairnz,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
having  N.  the  county  of  Aberdeen,  and  E.  the  North  Sea. 
Area,  388  square  miles.  A  great  part  of  the  county  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  Grampian  Mountains,  of  which  Mount  Bat- 
tock  rises  to  nearly  3500  feet ;  but  along  their  foot,  in  the 
S.  and  E.,  lies  the  rich,  low,  arable  tract  called  the  "  How 
of  the  Meams,"  comprising  about  50,000  acres.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Dee,  North  Bsk,  and  Bervie.  Chief  towns,  Stone- 
haven (the  capital)  and  Inverbervie.  The  county  sends  a 
member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  36,647. 

Kincardine,  king-kar'din,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth.  It 
has  a  good  pier,  sail-works,  yards  for  ship-building,  exports 
of  coal,  and  imports  of  Baltic  produce.     Pop.  1983. 

Kincardine,  king-kar'din,  or  Penetangore,  a  vil- 
lage in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Huron,  on  the  Wel- 
lington, Grey  <k  Bruce  Railway,  and  at  the  northern  ter- 
minus of  the  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Teeswater,  and  35  miles  N.  of  Goderich.  It  contains 
a  branch  bank,  offices  issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  7  hotels, 
about  30  stores,  salt-works,  iron-foundries,  «c.     Pop.  1907. 

Kinchafoo'na  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Stewart  co., 
flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Flint  at  Albany.  Length,  30  miles. 

Kinch'eloe,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kinchin- Jinga,  Asia.    See  Kunchain-Jvnga. 

Kin-Choo,  a  city  of  China.    See  King-Choo-Foo. 

Kin-Choo,  Kin-Tchoo,  or  Kin-Tchou,  kin- 
choo',  a  town  of  Manchooria,  8  miles  from  the  N.  shore  of 
the  Gulf  of  Leao-Tong.     Lat.  40°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  10'  E. 

Kindberg,  kint'bdRO,  or  Kimberg,  kim'bdRG,  a  town 
of  Styria,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Bruck.     Pop.  1216. 

Kindelbrtick,  kin'd^l-briik^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Saxony,  20  miles  N.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  1824. 


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Kin'der,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rook  Island  &  St.  Louis  and  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroads, 
7  miles  N.B.  of  Bast  St.  Louis. 

Kin^derhook',  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock. 

Kinderhook)  a  post-village  in  Kinderhook  township, 
Pike  CO.,  HI.,  on  the  Hannibal  &  Naples  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1454:.  There  is  a  Kinderhook  Station  in  this  township, 
on  the  Quincy,  Alton  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Quincy. 

Kinderhook,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Branch 
CO.,  Mich.  The  hamlet  is  10  miles  S.  of  Cold  water.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  650. 

Kinderhook,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Kinderhook  Creek,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  4  miles 
E.  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  mills.  The  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad  (Kinderhook  Station,  or  Niverville)  traverses  the 
N.  part  of  the  township,  which  contains  a  village  named 
Valatie.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4060. 

Kinderhook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  at 
Yellow  Bird  Station  on  the  Cincinnati  <k  Muskingum  Val- 
ley Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Circleville. 

Kinderhook  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  the  Taoonic 
Mountains,  drains  the  S.E.  part  of  Rensselaer  oo.,  mns 
southwestward  through  Columbia  co.,  and  enters  the  Hud- 
son River  4  or  5  miles  above  the  city  of  Hudson. 

Kin'derkamack,  a  station  on  the  New  Jersey  k  New 
York  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Kinel,  ke-nSl',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Samara  after 
a  W.  course  of  nearly  170  miles. 

Kineshma,  Kinischma,  or  Kineschma,  ke- 
ndsh'md,,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Kostroma,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  3957. 

Kineton,  kin'e-tpn,  or  Kingston,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Warwick.     Pop.  1077. 

King,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Ares,  900 
square  miles.     Capital,  Guthrie.     Pop.  in  1890,  173. 

King,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1944  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains,  and  on  the  W. 
by  Admiralty  Inlet  and  Puget  Sound,  which  is  navigable 
for  large  ships.  It  is  drained  by  the  Snoqnalmie,  Cedar, 
and  Green  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  moun- 
tains, valleys  and  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staples.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Great  Northern,  Northern  Pacific,  and  Columbia  \ 
Puget  Sound  Railroads.  Capital,  Seattle.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2120;  in  1880,  6910;  in  1890,  63,989. 

King,  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa. 

King,  or  Spring^hill',  a  post-village  in  York  oo., 
Ontario,  on  the  Northern  Railway,  22  miles  N.  of  Toronto. 

King  and  Qneen,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  a  long  and 
narrow  division  of  territory,  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Mattapony  and  York  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
Indian  corn  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  This  county  has 
deposits  of  marl.  Capital,  King  and  Queen  Court- House. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9709;  in  1880,  10,502;  in  1890,  9669. 

King  and  Queen  Court-Honse,  a  small  post- 
village,  capital  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Mat- 
tapony River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  West  Point. 

Kingan>Foo,  or  Kingan-Fon,  king^gin^-foo',  a 
considerable  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Kan-Kiang.     Lat.  27°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  E. 

King-Chan-Foo,  Manchooria.     See  Kin-Choo. 

King  Charles'  South  Land,  the  largest  island  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.  It  is  mostly  low  and  level,  but  is  mountain- 
ous in  the  S.,  where  Mount  Sarmiento  rises  to  6910  feet. 

King>-Choo>-Foo',  or  King^-Chow>-Foo',  writ- 
ten also  King-Tcheou-Fon  (chS-oo^-foo')  and  Kin- 
Tchou-Fou,  or  Kin-Choo,  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang.  Lat. 
30°  28^  N. ;  Ion.  111°  37'  B.  It  is  large  and  populous,  and 
is  considered  one  of  the  keys  of  the  empire. 

King  City,  post-township,  McPherson  oo.,  Kan.   P.  218. 

King  City,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  about  35 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

King  Creek,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Humber,  4  miles  W.  of  King.    Pop.  100. 

King'field,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  in 
Kingfield  township,  about  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta. 
The  township  contains  3  churches,  and  has  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  edge-tools.     Pop.  of  the  township,  560. 

KinsT  George,  a  county  in  the  E.  of  Virginia,  bounded 


on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Rappahannock,  has  an  area  of  190  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face of  this  county  is  uneven.  Indian  corn  and  wheat  are 
the  staples.  Capital,  King  George  Court-House.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5742:  in  1880,  6397;  in  1890,  6641. 

King  George  Archipelago.  See  Alexander 
Islands. 

King  George  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Richmond. 

King  George  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  15°  S.,  Ion. 
144°  40'  W.,  were  discovered  by  Byron  in  1766. 

King  George  River,  East  Africa.    See  Manicb. 

King  George  Sound,  of  West  Australia.  Lat.  of 
its  entrance,  35°  6'  S.,  Ion.  118°  E.  It  contains  Princess 
Royal  and  Oyster  Harbors. 

King  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Holt  oo..  Mo. 

King^horn',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the 
Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Kirkcaldy.  It 
has  iron-ship  building  and  manufactures  of  linen  and  glue. 

King  Island,  a  lofty  and  rugged  islet  of  Alaska,  called 
also  Ukigvok.     Lat.  64°  58'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  167°  58'  W. 

King  Island,  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  IS  miles  off 
the  Tenasserim  coast.  Lat.  (S.  end)  12°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  98<» 
26'  E.     It  is  23  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad. 

King-Ki-Tao,  king-ke-ti'o,  Han-Tching,  hin'- 
ching',  Han-Yang,  hin'-ying',  Se-Ul,  or  S6-Onl, 
si^-ool',  the  capital  city  of  Corea,  about  the  middle  of  which 
it  is  situated.     Lat.  37°  40'  N.    Pop.  250,000. 

King'man,  a  S.  county  of  Kansas.  Area,  864  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Chika£kia  River  and  the  South  Fork 
of  the  Ninne  Scab.  Capital,  Kingiuan.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3713;  in  1890,  11,823. 

Kingman,  a  city,  capital  of  Kingman  oo.,  Kansas,  32 
miles  S.  of  Hutchinson,  is  on  the  Wichita  &,  Western,  Mis- 
souri Pacific,  and  Hutchinson  A,  Southern  Railroads.  It 
has  7  churche«,  3  banks,  3  newspapers,  and  many  places 
of  business.     Pop.  in  1890,  2390. 

Kingman,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me.,  on 
the  Mattawamkeag  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  BaH- 
road,  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  671. 

King  of  Prussia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Norristown. 

Kings,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  has  N.  the  co. 
of  Westmeath.  Area,  772  square  miles,  a  portion  of  which 
in  the  N.  forms  a  part  of  the  Bog  of  Allen.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Shannon,  Brosna,  Barrow,  and  Boyne;  the 
principal  towns,  Birr  and  Tnllamore.  It  sends  two  members 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1881,  72,852;  in  1891,  65,408. 

Kings,  a  county  of  New  York,  is  the  W.  part  of  Long 
Island.  Area,  about  37  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  East  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  on  the  W.  by  New  York  Bay  and  the  Narrows,  which 
separate  it  from  Staten  Island.  Here  are  extensive  market- 
gardens  which  supply  vegetables  to  the  markets.  This  is 
'the  second  county  of  the  state  in  population.  Capital, 
Brooklyn,  which  in  1894  was  made  co-extensive  with  the 
county.     Pop.  in  1880,  599,495;  in  1890,  838,547. 

King's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Eufaula. 

King's,  a  post-office  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Iowa  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Rockford. 

King's,  a  station  of  New  York.  See  North  Greenfield. 

Kings,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta 
&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Marietta. 

Kings,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  oo.,  S.C.  Pop.  1774. 

Kings,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, intersected  by  the  river  St.  John.  Area,  1565  square 
miles.  It  has  hills  of  gentle  elevation  and  level  fertile  val- 
leys. The  Intercolonial  Railway  runs  through  the  county. 
The  railway  from  St.  John  to  Bangor  also  passes  through 
it.     Capital,  Hampton.     Pop.  24,953. 

Kings,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Bay 
of  Fundy  and  on  Minas  Basin.  Area,  812  square  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Windsor  4  Annapolis  Railway.  The 
agricultural  capabilities  of  its  soil  are  second  to  none  in 
Canada.  Some  ship-building  is  carried  on,  but  the  chief 
occupation  is  farming.  The  county  contains  rich  deposits 
of  iron  ore.     Capital,  Kentville.     Pop.  21,510. 

Kings,  the  easternmost  county  of  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Area,  644  square  miles.    Capital,  Georgetown.    Pop.  23,068. 

Kings'berg,  a  post-office  of  Stanton  co..  Neb. 

Kings'borongh,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga. 

Kingsborough,  a  post-village  in  Johnstown  township, 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  A  Gloversville 
Railroad,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  I  mile  N. 
from  Gloversville.  It  hsis  a  church  and  several  manufactoripi" 
of  buckskin  gloves  and  mittens. 


Kl^ 


1559 


KIT* 


Kings'bridge^  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Exeter. 
It  has  a  grammar-school,  a  town  hall,  a  museum,  and  some 
trade. 

Kings  Bridge,  a  post-office,  a  branch  of  the  post-office 
of  New  York  City,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  on 
Harlem  River,  which  separates  the  locality  from  Manhattan 
Island.     Here  is  a  bridge  across  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek. 

King's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

King's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Kingsbridge,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  N.  of  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Kings'burg,  or  Wheat'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  King's  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Tulare. 

Kings'bnry,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  870  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  and  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, De  Smet.     Pop.  in  1880,  1102;  in  1890,  8562. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-village  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Kingsbnry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in 
Kingsbury  township,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  174. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
50  miles  N.  of  Albany,  contains  the  village  of  Sandy  Hill 
and  a  hamlet  named  Kingsbury.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.     Pop.  4546. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Kingsbury,  a  station  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  & 
Cleveland  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Marietta,  0. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Guadalupe  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Rail- 
road, 82  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec, 
on  Salmon  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  100. 

Kings'clear,  or  Bris'tol,  a  post- village  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  17  miles  above 
Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Kings'clere,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  31  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Southampton.     Pop.  of  parish,  2781. 

King's  Comers,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  North  Clymer  Station. 

King's  Corners,  Ohio.    See  New  London. 

King's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  in 
Sumpter  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Baraboo.   It  has  2  churches. 

King's  Cove,  a  village  and  fishing-port  in  the  district 
of  Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  13  miles  N.  of  Trinity.  P.  650. 

King's  Creek,  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  is  an  affluent  of 
Mad  River. 

King's  Creek,  York  co.,  S.C,  runs  S.W.  to  Broad  River. 

King's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

King's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  in 
King's  Creek  township,  75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salisbury. 
The  township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  625. 

King's  Creek,  Champaign'oo.,  0.    See  Kinsston. 

King's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Kings'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  in  Ger- 
many township,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

King^ses'sing,  formerly  a  post-township  of  Philadel- 
phia CO.,  Pa.,  now  included  within  the  city  limits  of  Phila- 
delphia, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Independence  Hall. 

King'sey  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Nicolet,  7  miles  N.  of  Danville.     Pop.  100. 

King's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on 
St.  Mary's  River,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

King's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  at 
NoRTHViLLE  (which  see).  King's  Ferry  Station  is  on  the 
Cayuga  Railroad  and  Lake,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Aurora, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Northville. 

King's  Island,  an  island  of  Bass's  Strait,  between 
Australia  and  Tasmania,  in  lat.  35°  50'  S.,  Ion.  144°  E., 
60  miles  S.  of  Cape  Otway.     Length,  35  miles. 

King's  Island,  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands,  in  lat.  4° 
10'  N.,  Ion.  73°  40'  E. 

King's  Island,  a  large  island  of  British  Columbia, 
near  lat.  52°  10'  N.,  Ion.  128°  W. 

King's  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Raraka,  in  lat.  15°  4'  25"  S.,  Ion.  144°  36'  45"  W. 

Kings'iand,  a  post- village  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.  J.,  near  the 
Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Morris  & 
Essex  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and  5  miles  N. 
of  Newark. 

King's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on 
tb<)  Alabama  River,  6  miles  W.  of  King's  Landing  Station. 


King's  Landing,  n  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  tht 
Selma  &  Gulf  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Kings'Iey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  6  miles 
from  Starke  Station.     Here  is  a  fine  lake. 

Kings!  ey,  a  village  in  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Traverse  City  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  (ktj. 
Here  is  Paradise  Post-Office. 

Kingsley,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Kingsley,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.     Pop.  575. 

King's  Lynn,  England.    See  Lynn  Regis. 

King's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky. 

Kingsmill  Group.     See  Gilbert  Islands. 

King's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co..  Ark. 

King's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  2  grist-mills  and  2  saw-mills. 

King's  Mountain,  a  mass  of  elevated  land  in  Gaston 
and  Cleveland  cos.,  N.C.,  and  partly  in  York  co.,  S.C.  It 
is  16  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  is  1650  feet  high.  On 
this  mountain,  in  South  Carolina,  an  important  victory  was 
gained  over  the  British  and  tories,  October  7,  1780. 

King's  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky-, 
11  miles  S.  of  Stanford.     It  has  a  church. 

King's  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  Cleveland  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Charlotte  &  Atlanta  Air-Line  Railroad,  33 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
2  carriage-factories.  Gold  is  mined  near  it.  Pop.  in  1880, 
337 ;  in  1890,  429 ;  of  King's  Mountain  township,  2327. 

King's  Mountain,  township,  York  co.,  S.C.     P.  1818, 

King's  Mountain  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  23  miles  S. 
of  Danville.     Here  is  a  tunnel  i  of  a  mile  long. 

King's  Norton,  or  Norton  Kihg's,  a  village  of 
England,  co.  of  Worcester,  on  the  Birmingham  A  Gloucestei 
Railway,  4^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Birmingham. 

King's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  40 
miles  W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  about  60. 

Kings'port,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  at 
the  junction  of  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Holston 
River,  24  miles  W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  3  flour-mills,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  600. 

Kings  Prairie,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.   P.  857. 

King  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

King's  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and 
runs  northward  through  Carroll  co.  into  the  state  of  Mis- 
souri. It  enters  the  White  River  in  Barry  co.,  about  2 
miles  N.  of  the  S.  boundary  of  Missouri.     Length,  100  miles. 

King's  River,  California,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  in  the  E.  part  of  Fresno 
CO.  One  of  them  rises  at  the  base  of  Mount  G^ddard.  The 
river  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Tulare  Lake  at  its 
N.W,  side,  in  Tulare  co.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

King's  River,  a  stream  in  the  N.W.  of  Nevada,  or- 
dinarily disappears  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Winnemuoca. 

King's  River,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on 
King's  River. 

King's  River,  a  township  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  166. 

Kings  Settlement,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  charch. 

King's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Evansville. 

King's  Swinford,  England.    See  Swinford-Reois. 

Kings'ton,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
on  Autauga  Creek,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Montgomery. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo..  Ark.   Pop.  65. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  King's 
River,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Fresno  City. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Roma 
Railroad,  58  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  20  miles  E.  of 
Rome.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop,  402, 

Kingston,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Chicago,  111., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  from  the  ter- 
minal station  in  Chicago,  and  1  mile  N.  of  South  Chicago. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  of  De  Kalb  co,.  111.,  in  Kings- 
ton township,  on  Kishwaukee  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Rockford,  and 
62  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  3 
stores,  a  printing-office,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  975. 

Kingston,  Peoria  co.,  HI.    See  Kingston  Mines. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fugit 
township,  about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Benton  township,  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Elm 
Grove  township,  16  miles  W.  of  Chetopa.  It  has  a  charch, 
a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 


KIN 


1560 


KIN 


Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Richmond,  and  33  miles  S.S.B.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kingston,  a  hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  is  a  part  of  Milton.     Pop.  59. 

Kingston,  a  village  of  De  Soto  parish,  La.,  27  miles  S. 
of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Duxbury  <fc  Cohassett  Railroad,  and  on  Jones' 
River,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school  and 
a  town  hall.  Kingston  township  borders  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  has  3  churches,  manufactures  of  anchors,  augers, 
rivets,  locks,  tacks,  Ac,  and  a  pop.  in  1890  of  1659. 

Kingston,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Flint.  Pop.  383.  Kingston  Post-OfiBoe 
is  at  Newbury  (which  see). 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Kingston  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  Crow  River, 
about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Litchfield,  and  60  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  2 
saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1165.  The  township  ha« 
several  lakes  and  plenty  of  timber. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Natchez. 

Kingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  oo..  Mo., 
in  Kingston  township,  on  Shoal  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of  Hamil- 
ton. It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  465. 

Kingston,  &  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Mo.  P.  1085. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Kingston  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Concord,  and  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Exeter.  It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-fac- 
tory, and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1054. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Rocky  Hill  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  a  church,  3  hotels,  a  flour-mill, 
bottling-works,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kingston,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  88 
miles  above  New  York  City,  and  53  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It 
is  also  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  and  is  a  termi- 
nus of  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad.  Kingston  contains  a 
city  hall,  a  free  hospital,  a  court-house,  15  churches,  a  con- 
vent, an  orphanage,  a  Catholic  academy,  3  national  banks, 
3  savings-banks,  2  academies,  a  high  school,  5  first-class 
hotels,  and  printing-of&ces  which  issue  3  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  5  breweries,  2  tanneries,  3  iron-foun- 
dries, 5  brick-yards,  3  steam  flour-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  cement,  lime,  cigars,  brushes,  shirts,  steam-boilers,  sash, 
blinds,  soap,  candles,  Ac.  It  was  made  a  city  in  1872,  the 
village  of  Rondout  being  a  part  of  the  new  corporation. 
Pop.  in  1890,  21,985.  Kingston  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River.  Large  quantities  of  building- 
and  flagstones  are  exported  from  it. 

Kingston,  North  Carolina.    See  Kinston. 

Kingston,  a  village  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  King's  Creek  Post-Ofiice. 

Kingston,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  587. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  in  Green  township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  or  graded 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  345. 

Kingston,  or  New  Kingston,  a  village  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Harrisburg.     Here  is  New  Kingston  Post-OflSce. 

Kingston,  a  post-borough  in  Kingston  township,  Lu- 
zerne CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  on  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Wilkesbarre,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge, 
and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton.  It  contains  3  churches,  the 
Wyoming  Semini.ry  and  Commercial  College,  and  car-  and 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad  company.  Large  collieries 
of  anthracite  have  been  opened  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2381. 
Kingston  has  a  monument  in  commemoration  of  the  mas- 
sacre of  Wyoming,  which  occurred  here. 

Kingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  in  South  Kingston  township,  1  or  2  miles  B.  of  the 
Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad  (Kingston  Station),  and 
27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
a  church,  a  seminary,  and  an  academy. 

Kingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Roane  co.,  Tonn., 


is  advantageously  situated  at  the  point  where  the  Clinch  and 
Holston  Rivers  unite  to  form  the  Tennessee  River,  about  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  120  miles  by  water  above 
Chattanooga.     Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Tennessee  to  thie 

Elace.  The  Clinch  and  Holston  are  also  navigable.  It 
as  a  court-house,  1  or  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  an  academy,  3 
churches,  an  iron-foundry,  the  Kingston  Steel -Works,  and 
1  or  2  machine-shops.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  868. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  of  Pi  Ute  co.,  Utah,  110  miles 
S.  of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  in 
Kingston  township,  on  Grand  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Port- 
age City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of 
township,  895. 

Kingston,  a  city  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Onterio,  172  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  Lat.  44°  12'  N.; 
Ion.  76°  41'  W.  The  city  occupies  the  site  of  old  Fort  Fron- 
tenac,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  river,  opposite  Wolfe  Island, 
having  the  harbor  and  shipping  in  front.  The  harbor  is 
formed  at  the  mouth  of  Cataraqui  River,  which  here  enters 
the  lake.  The  W.  shore  is  bold,  and  shipping  of  any  size 
may  lie  here  in  safety.  Kingston  has,  after  Quebec  and 
Halifax,  the  strongest  fortifications  in  Canada.  A  long 
bridge  across  Cataraqui  Bay  connects  Kingston  with  Pitts- 
burg, besides  which  there  are  the  suburbs  of  Barriefield, 
French  Village,  and  Williamsville.  The  city  is  regularly 
laid  out,  with  streets  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  It 
is  chiefly  built  of  blue  limestone.  The  streets  are  lighted 
with  gas,  and  the  houses  are  partly  supplied  with  water 
from  the  bay.  Several  wells  of  mineral  water  have  been 
found  here.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  city  hall 
and  market,  court-house  and  jail,  post-office,  17  churches, 
including  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  2  colleges,  mechanics' 
institute,  Hdtel-Dieu,  general  hospital,  and  house  of  in- 
dustry. About  a  mile  to  the  W.  of  the  city  lies  the  Pro- 
vincial Penitentiary,  a  massive  stone  building.  Beyond  the 
Eenitentiary  is  the  Rookwood  Lunatic  Asylum.  Kingston 
as  3  branch  banks,  2  breweries,  and  manufactories  of  iron 
castings,  machinery,  steam-engines,  locomotives,  leather, 
soap,  candles,  boots,  shoes,  wooden-ware,  brooms,  pianos, 
Ac.  Ship-  and  boat-building  is  carried  on  to  a  great  ex- 
tent, and  vessels  for  both  lake  and  ocean  navigation  are 
built  and  fitted  out.  The  commercial  affairs  of  Kingston 
are  regulated  by  a  board  of  trade.  The  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way has  an  important  station  in  rear  of  the  town ;  freight 
trains  run  to  the  harbor.  The  city  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the 
Kingston  A  Pembroke  Railroad,  and  the  Rideau  Canal  con- 
nects it  with  Ottawa.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  and 
is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  (1891)  19,264. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Richibucto  River,  3  miles  from  its  estuary,  and  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Shediac.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  a  navigable  affluent  of  the  river  St.  John,  19  miles  W. 
of  St.  John.  It  has  a  church,  3  hotels,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  500. 

King'ston,  the  capital  and  principal  commercial  city 
and  seaport  of  Jamaica,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  its  S.  coast,  on 
the  N.  side  of  a  fine  harbor,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Spanish 
Town.  Lat.  17°  58'  N.;  Ion.  79°  47'  30"  W.  It  stands  on 
a  gentle  slope,  and  is  regularly  laid  out,  its  houses  being 
mostly  of  two  stories  and  furnished  with  verandas.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  churches,  chapels,  synagogues, 
a  hospital  and  other  charitable  institutions,  a  free  school, 
the  workhouse,  penitentiary,  a  collegiate  and  a  university 
school,  a  Baptist  college,  and  a  theatre ;  here  are  also  an  athe- 
nseum,  a  society  of  arts,  and  banks.  Kingston  has  5  daily 
and  several  other  newspapers.  It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's 
see.  Kingston  harbor,  a  landlocked  basin,  available  for 
the  largest  ships,  is  enclosed  on  the  S.  by  a  long  tongue  of 
land,  at  the  extremity  of  which  is  Port  Royal.  The  en- 
trance to  the  harbor,  and  the  harbor  itself,  are  defended  by 
forts.  The  inclined  plain  on  which  Kingston  stands  is  en- 
closed on  the  N.  by  the  loftiest  ridge  of  the  Blue  Mountain 
chain.     Pop.  (1891)  46,542. 

Kingston,  or  KingstOAvn,  a  town  of  the  British 
West  Indies,  capital  of  the  island  of  St.  Vincent,  on  its 
S.W.  coast.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  substantial  public 
edifices,  an  old  government  house,  a  new  government  house, 
a  botanic  garden,  and  a  court-house.     Pop.  6400. 

Kings'ton  Centre,  or  Olive  Green,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Kingston  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  54  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  furnace  for  smelting  lead,  mined  near  here. 


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KIN 


Kings'ton  Mills^  a  po8t-rilIage  in  Frontenac  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rideau  Canal,  5  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  150. 

Kingston  Mines,  minz,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co., 
111.,  in  Timber  township,  on  the  N.W.  bank  of  the  Illinois 
River,  16  miles  below  Peoria.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  coal-mines,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Kingston  -  on  -  Railway,  New  Kingston,  or 
Sur'biton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Surrey,  forming  a 
southern  suburb  of  Kingston-upon-Thames.     Pop.  7642. 

Kingston  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheatham  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
25  miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Kingston-upon-Hull,  England.    See  Huli.. 

Kingston-upon-Thames,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Surrey,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Thames,  at  the  influx  of 
the  Ewell,  and  10  miles  "W.S.W.  of  London.  The  town  ex- 
tends about  a  mile  along  the  river.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
and  has  a  church,  a  handsome  town  hall,  a  market-house, 
a  house  of  correction,  a  jail  and  workhouse,  a  grammar- 
school,  several  other  endowed  schools,  and  almshouses.  It 
has  some  flax-  and  oil-mills,  and  a  large  corn-market.  Most 
of  the  Saxon  monarchs,  from  Edward  the  Elder  to  Ethelred 
the  Unready,  were  crowned  here.     Pop.  (1891)  27,059. 

Kings'ton  Village,  or  Bloom'iield,  a  post-village 
in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Windsor  <fc  Annapolis 
Railway,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  120. 

Kings'to  wn  (formerly  Danleary),  a  town  and  water- 
ing-place of  Ireland,  co.  and  on  the  Bay  of  Dublin,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  16,378.  It  has  an  excellent 
artificial  harbor,  at  the  head  of  which  is  a  revolving  light, 
in  lat.  53°  18'  N.,  Ion.  6°  8'  W.  It  is  the  mail-packet  sta- 
tion for  communication  with  Liverpool  and  Holyhead. 

Kingstown,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies.  See  Kingston. 

Kings'tree,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williamsburg  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  64  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  2  weekly  newspapers  and  3  or  4  churches. 

King's  Valley,  a  post-oflSce  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon. 

Kings'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Topeka. 

Kingsville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Kingsville  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.  of  Sedalia,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Holden.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  stores. 
Pop.  298 ;  of  the  township,  1360. 

Kingsville,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Kingsville  township,  on  Conneaut  Creek,  1  mile  from  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  flouring-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  &c.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Erie,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  1712. 

Kingsville,  a  post-oflSceof  Clarion  co..  Pa. 

Kingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Camden 
Branch  and  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Kingsville,  a  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  near  Kings  Station,  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Texarkana.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 

Kingsville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kingsville,  a  port  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Essex,  on  Lake 
Erie,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.  It  contains  2  hotels,  about 
10  stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill,  and  has  manufac- 
tories of  iron  castings,  machinery,  cotton,  wooden-ware, 
woollens,  <fcc.     Kingsville  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  800. 

King-Tcheou,  Kin-Choo,  or  King-Tcheon- 
Fou,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kino-Choo-Foo. 

King-te-Tchiang,  king^-t4-che-ing',  or  King«te- 
Ching,  king*-td-ching',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-See,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Nan-Chang.  It  is  a  noted 
principal  seat  of  the  manufacture  of  porcelain.  Lat.  29° 
15'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  52'  E.     Pop.  500,000. 

Kington,  England.     See  Kineton. 

King'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Hereford.     Pop.  2126. 

King-Tong,  king^-tong',  a  city  of  China,  province 
and  125  miles  S.W.  of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  department, 
and  near  a  source  of  the  Tonquin  River. 

King-Tong,  an  island  of  China.     See  Kintano. 

Kingussie,  kin-goos'see,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Inverness,  oh  a  railway,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Augustus. 

King'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Vernon. 

King  William,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia, 
jas  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Mattapony  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Pamunkey.  The  surface  is  undulating.  Maize,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
99 


Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  which  traverses  its  S.  bol- 
der. Capital,  King  William  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7515  J  in  1880,  8751;  in  1890,  9605. 

King  William  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  King  William  co.,  Va.,  on  or  near  the  Mattapony 
River,  about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  female  institute,  and  2  newspaper 
oflSces.     Pop.  estimated  at  1000. 

King  William's  Town,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Cape 
Colony,  formerly  capital  of  British  KafFraria,  28  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  East  London,  its  port.     Pop.  5169. 

King'wood,  a  post-township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  is  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  6  churches,  and  a 
hamlet  named  Baptisttown.     Pop.  1942. 

Kingwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

KingAVOOd,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Preston  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Cheat  River,  about  74  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  sash- 
factory,  and  2  weekly  newspapers. 

Kin^baloo',  a  mountain  and  lake  of  Borneo. 

Kinischma,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kineshma. 

Kinjore,  kin -j  or',  a  lake  of  British  India,  in  Sinde 
Lat.  24°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  8'  E.  It  consists  of  an  extensivf 
expanse  of  stagnant  water,  sometimes  covered  by  the  Indus. 

Kinkaid,  a  village  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.    See  Drt  Run. 

Kinko'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.W.  of  Bordentown,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  railroad  to  Lewistown  and  New  Lisbon.  It  has  1 
or  2  brick -yards  and  ice-houses. 

Kinko'ra,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
N.  of  Sebringville.     Pop.  150. 

Kin-Kui-Jin,  kin-koo'e-jin',  a  seaport  town  on  the 
W.  side  of  Great  Loo-Choo  Island. 

Kin'lock,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala. 

Kin'mount,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Burnt  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Bobcaygeon.     Pop.  100. 

Kinmun'dy,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E,  of  Centralia.  It 
has  a  bank,  2  flour-mills,  2  drug-stores,  5  churches,  and  a 
newspiiper  office.  Pop.  in  1880,  1096;  iu  1890,  1045;  of 
Kinmundy  township,  1735. 

Kin^naird's'  Head,  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Aberdeen,  projecting  into  the  North  Sea.  Lat.  57°  42'  N. : 
Ion.  2°  W. 

Kin'near's  Mills,  also  known  asLambie's  Mills, 
a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Becancour  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Kin^nekeet',  or  Ken^nakeet',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Dare  co.,  N.C.,  on  an  island  between  Pamlico  Sound  and 
the  Atlantic,  10  miles  N.  of  Cape  Hatteras.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  oyster-fishery.     Pop.  of  Kinnekeet  township,  599. 

Kin'ney,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1700  square  miles.  On  the  S.W.  the  Rio 
Grande  separates  it  from  Mexico.  It  is  drained  by  Elm 
and  Las  Moras  Creeks.  Here  are  extensive  prairies,  on 
which  many  cattle  find  pasture.  Capital,  Brackettville. 
Pop. in  1870,  1204;  in  1880,  4487;  in  1890,  3781. 

Kinney's  Four  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  oo., 
N.Y.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego  City. 

Kin^nickinnick',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in 
St.  Croix  CO.,  runs  S.W.  through  Pierce  co.,  and  enters  the 
St.  Croix  River  (or  Lake)  6  miles  N.  of  Prescott. 

Kinnickinnick,  a  post-township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis., 
traversed  by  the  Kinnickinnick  River.     Pop.  725. 

Kinnickinnick,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Kin^niconick',  a  small  river  of  Kentucky,  runs  north- 
eastward through  Lewis  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
about  10  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0. 

Kin^nikinnick',  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillioothe. 

Kin^ross',  or  Kinross-shire,  kin-ross'shir,  a  small 
county  of  Scotland,  having  E.  and  S.  the  county  of  Fife, 
and  W.  and  N.  the  county  of  Perth.  Area,  78  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  varied  and  well  cultivated.  Chief 
town,  Kinross.  The  county  unites  with  Clackmannan  co. 
in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  7198. 

Kinross,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Kin- 
ross, on  Loch  Leven,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Perth.  It  has  a  fine  county  hall  and  jail,  a  town  hall, 
an  elegant  church,  and  manufactures  of  cottons,  tartaa 
shawls,  and  damasks.     Pop.  1926. 

Kinsale,  kin^sail',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and 
13  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cork,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Baa 


KIN 


1562 


KlK 


don  River.  The  chief  buildings  are  a  parish  church  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  several  chapels,  a  convent,  town  hall, 
jail,  assembly-rooms,  baths,  a  hospital,  workhouse,  fort,  and 
barracks.  The  harbor  is  excellent ;  but  the  trade  is  now 
mostly  transferred  to  Cork,  Fisheries  form  the  chief  re- 
sources of  the  people.  In  summer  many  visitors  resort 
here  for  sea-bathing.  Kinsale  sends  one  member  to  Par- 
liament.    Pop.  7050. 

Kinsale,  kin^sal',  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Va.,  on  a  navigable  creek,  or  branch  of  the  Potomac  River, 
about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond.  The  Baltimore  steam- 
ers touch  here  every  week. 

Kin-Sha-Kiang.    See  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Kin-Shan,  Kin-Schan,  or  Kin-Chan,  kin-sh4n' 
(literally,  the  "golden  mountain"),  an  island  of  China, 
province  of  Kiang-Soo,  in  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  River,  nearly 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Grand  Canal,  and  covered  with 
temples,  pavilions,  and  gardens,  now  mostly  in  decay. 

Kinsley,  kinz'le,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Edwards  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  P6  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Larned.  It  has  a  weekly  newspaper,  a 
church,  and  a  bank.  Pop.  in  1890,  771.  Kinsley  township 
is  traversed  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1080. 

Kinsman,  kinz'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grundy  co,, 
III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Joliet. 

Kinsman,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Kins- 
man township,  on  the  Pymatuning  Creek,  and  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Andover  with  Youngstown,  26  miles 
N.  of  Youngstown,  Coal  is  mined  near  it.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  chair-factory,  a  foundry,  2  flour-mills,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1029, 

Kin'ston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lenoir  co,,  N,C.,  in 
Kinston  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Neuse  River,  and 
on  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad,  33  miles  W.N.W, 
of  New-Berne,  and  26  miles  E.S,E,of  Goldsborough.  It  has 
a  collegiate  institute,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  and  2  tur- 
pentine-distilleries. About  7000  bales  of  cotton  are  an- 
nually shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1216;  in  1890,  1726. 

Kintang,  kin-t&ng',  or  KingHong',  an  island  of 
China,  near  Chusan.     Lat,  30°  N, ;  Ion,  121°  40'  E, 

Kin-Tchoo,  or  Kin-Tchou.     See  King-Choo-Foo. 

Kint'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co,.  Pa.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  12  miles  below  Easton. 

Kintore,  kin-tor',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  at  a  railway 
junction,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W,  of  Aberdeen,  on  the 
Aberdeen  Canal,     It  has  many  antiquities.     Pop,  659. 

Kintore,  kin-tor',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario, 
1 0  miles  W.  of  Ingersoll,     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Kintyre,  kin-tir',  Cantyre,or  Cantire,  kan-tir',  a 
peninsula  of  Scotland,  between  the  Firth  of  Clyde  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  forming  the  S,  end  of  the  co,  of  Argyle. 
Length,  40  miles ;  average  breadth,  6^  miles. 

Kinvar'ra,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught,  00.  of  Galway,  11  miles  S.S.E,  of  Galway,  Pop.  614. 
It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  and  bishop's  residence. 

Kin-Yang,  a  city  of  China.     See  Khing-Yang. 

Kin-Yuen,  a  city  of  China.    See  Khing-Yuan. 

Kin'zer's,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Kinzig,  kint'sio,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg 
and  Baden,  after  a  N.W.  course  joins  the  Rhine  at  Kehl. 

Kinzig,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  joins  the 
Main  near  Hanau. 

Kin'zua,  Ken'zua,  or  Ken'jua,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Kinzua  township,  Warren  co,.  Pa,,  on  the  Alleghany  River, 
12  miles  above  Warren.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop,  of  the  township,  318, 

Kinzua  (or  Kenjua)  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in 
MoKean  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany 
River  in  Warren  co.,  about  12  miles  above  Warren. 

Kio,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Kioto. 

Ki5ge,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  KjSge. 
Kio'kee,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co,,  Ga. 
Kiokee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  Savannah  River 
about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Appling, 

KiOlen,  KjOlen,  kyo'l^n  or  chS'l^n,  Kioel,  or  Koe- 
len,  a  mountain-chain  of  Scandinavia,  extends  from  about 
lat.  63°  northward,  having  Sweden  and  Russian  Lapland  on 
the  E,  and  S,,  and  Norway  and  Finmark  on  the  W,  and  N. 
Mount  Sulitelma,  its  highest  point,  in  lat,  67°  5'  N,,  Ion. 
16°  20'  E.,  is  5956  feet  in  elevation, 

Kioma'tia,  a  post-office  of  Red  River  oo.,  Tex. 

Kiong-Choo,    Kiong-Tchou,    ke-ong^-ohoo',    or 

Kiong-Tchoo-Foo,  written  also  Kiang-Chau-Fu, 

Kienchow,    Kiungchow,    Khiong-Tchou,    and 

Kinng-Chn-Fn,  a  city  and  treaty-port  of  China,  capital 


of  the  island  of  Hai-Nan,  on  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  20*  N. ; 
Ion.  110°  22'  E.  Estimated  pop.  200,000.  It  is  enclosed  by 
strong  walls,  is  well  built,  and  has  an  extensive  trade  with 
Macao,  Annam,  Siam,  and  Singapore. 

Kioo-Kiang,  ke-oo'-ke-4hg',  or  Kew-Kiang,  a 
city  and  treaty-port  of  China,  in  Kiang-See,  on  the  Yang- 
tse-Kiang,  near  the  Poyang  Lake,  250  miles  S.W.  of  Nan- 
king. It  is  a  great  centre  of  the  tea-trade.  It  was  formerly 
very  large,  but  was  destroyed  by  the  Tae-Pings.  Pop,  40,000. 

Kioo-Sioo,  Kiou-Siou,  or  Kiu-Siu,  ke-oo'-se- 
oo',  or  Ximo,  zee'mo,  the  southernmost  of  the  three  prin- 
cipal islands  of  Japan,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  separated  from 
Corea  by  the  Strait  of  Corea,  and  from  Hondo  by  the  Strait 
of  Shikoku,  Lat.  from  31°  to  34°  1'  N, ;  Ion.  from  129°  30' 
to  132°  E.    The  surface  is  mountainous.     Pop,  4,986,612. 

Kioto,  kee-o'to  (formerly  Miako,  or  Meaco,  mee- 
i'ko,  otherwise  Heiaiuo,  or  Heian),  now  officially 
called  Saikio,  si-kee'o  ("western  capital"),  a  town  of 
Japan,  and  its  former  capital,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.E,  of  Osaka,  and  250  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio. 
It  was  long  the  literary  centre  of  the  empire,  and  is  now 
the  seat  of  extensive  manufactures  of  porcelain,  lacquered 
goods,  cutlery,  silks,  and  hardware.  Pop,  in  1872,  238,663; 
in  1884,  263,357 ;  in  1890,  279,792, 

Kio-Tsing,  ke-o*-tsing',  or  Ku-Tsing,  kyoo^-tsing', 
a  city  of  China,  province  and  70  miles  E.N,E.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Kiou-Siou,  ail  island  of  Japan,     See  Kioo-Sioo. 

Kiowa,  ki'o-wa,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Elbert  oo., 
Col.,  45  miles  S,E.  of  Denver,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Elizabeth 
Station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Kiowa,  a  post-village  of  Barber  co,,  Kansas,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has 
3  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  newspapers.     Pop.  (1^90)  893. 

Kiowa  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  rnna  N. 
through  Arapahoe  co.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Platte  in  Weld  co,,  30  miles  below  Evans,   Length,  125  miles. 

Kiowee  or  Keowee  (k^-o'wee)  River,  a  branch  of 
the  Savannah,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge  in  North  Carolina. 
It  runs  southward,  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Oconee  co,, 
S.C,  and  unites  with  the  Tugaloo  to  form  the  Savannah. 
Length,  90  miles.     It  is  also  called  Seneca  River. 

Kipchak,  or  Kiptchak,  kip'ch&k',  a  town  of  Toor- 
kistan,  kbanat  and  68  miles  N,N,W,  of  Khiva,  on  the 
Amoo-Darya,  It  is  walled,  and  is  a  mart  of  trade.  Near 
it  is  a  handsome  Moslem  school  of  divinity. 

Kippenheim,  kip'p^n-bime^,  a  town  of  Baden,  11 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Zell.     Pop.  1954. 

Kip'pure,  a  mountain  of  Iceland,  in  Leinster,  11  milef 
S.S,W.  of  Dublin.     Elevation,  2473  feet. 

Kip'ton,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co,,  0,,  in  Camden 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  W,  of  Oberlin 
It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Kir'by,  a  township  of  Northampton  co,,  N.C,    Pop.  1844. 

Kirby,  a  post-village  of  Wyandot  oo,,  0,,  in  Jackson 
and  Mifflin  townships,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fe 
Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  W,  of  Upper  Sandusky,  and  35 
miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  a 
drug-store,  <fec, 

Kirby,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  at  Newtown. 

Kirby,  a  township  of  Marion  co,,  S.C.     Pop.  1155. 

Kirby,  a  township  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  St,  Johnsbury.     Pop,  417. 

Kirby-Kendal,  England.    See  Kendal. 

Kirby's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co,,  Ala. 

Kirbyville,  Taney  co„  Mo,    See  Kerbyville. 

Kir'byville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co,,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N,E.  of  Reading, 

Kirch,  kecRK,  a  German  word,  signifying  "church," 
forming  a  part  of  various  names  in  Europe, 

Kirchberg,  kgeRK'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Sax- 
ony, 23  miles  S,W,  of  Chemnitz.  Pop,  6841.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  metallic  goods,  Ac, 

Kirchberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Rhenish  Prussia, 
30  miles  S,S.W,  of  Coblentz,     Pop,  1434. 

Kirchdorf,  kecRK'doRf,  or  Kirchdrauf,  kggRK'- 
dr5wr  (Hun,  Sepe»  Varallya,  shi^fish'  vShVSl'ySh^),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  in  Zips,  23  miles  W,  of  Eperies,     P.  3317. 

Kircheh,  a  village  of  Nubia,     See  Ghyrche, 

Kirchenlamitz,  kecRK'^n-li^mits,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Lamitz,  24  miles  N,E,  of  Baireuth,     Pop.  1981. 

Kirchentellingsfnrt,  keeRK^§n-t4l'lings-fooRtS  a 
village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Schwarzwald.     Pop.  1399. 

Kirchhayn,  or  Kirchhain,  teeRK'hine,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  66  miles  by  rail  S.W,  of  Frankfort- 
on-the-Oder.     Pop.  3121, 

Kirchhayn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse,  on  the  Ohm, 
8  miles  E,  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1693, 


Km 


1563 


itm 


Kirchhayn,  kirk'han,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Wis.,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.    It  has  a  church. 

Kirchheim,  kgSRK'him,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Hei- 
delberg.    Pop.  2525. 

Kirchheim,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  6197.  It  is  enclosed  by  planted 
walks,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  toys,  iron-ware,  <fec. 

Kirchheim-am-Neckar,  keenK'him-im-nSk'kir,  a 
village  of  Wiirtomberg,  on  the  Neckar,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Heilbronn.     Pop.  1392. 

Kirchheim-Bolanden,  keeRK'him-bo'l&nM^n,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  at  the  foot  of  the  Donnersberg, 
18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kaiserslautern.  Pop.  2934.  In  its 
vicinity  are  mines  of  iron,  copper,  and  mercury. 

Kirchw&rder,  keeRK''^lR-d§r,  a  village  and  district 
of  Hamburg,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3390. 

Kirchworbis,  keeRK'^oR^bis,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Saxony,  government  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1209. 

Kirengha,  ke-rfin'gi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Irkootsk,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Lena  a  little 
below  Kirensk,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Kirgheez,  Kirghiz,  Kirguis,  or  Kirguiz,  kir^- 
gheez',  a  people  of  Asia,  occupying  a  territory  in  the  N. 
part  of  Toorkistan,  between  lat.  44°  and  55°  N.  and  Ion. 
53°  and  82°  E.,  chiefly  in  the  Russian  governments  of 
Orenboorg,  Toorgai,  Ooralsk,  Syr-Darya,  and  Tomsk,  occu- 
pying a  large  part  of  the  steppes  eastward  of  the  Volga  as 
far  as  the  E.  end  of  Balkash  Lake.  The  surface  of  their 
country  is  traversed  by  many  mountain-chains,  but  it 
chiefly  consists  of  barren  plains  abounding  in  salt  lakes. 
The  climate  is  remarkable  for  variability,  and  destructive 
hurricanes  are  frequent.  The  population  is  nomadic  and 
rude  in  the  extreme,  their  principal  occupation  being  the 
rearing  of  sheep,  goats,  horses,  and  camels.  Some  land  on 
river-banks,  however,  is  tilled  for  millet,  rye,  and  barley. 
Some  domestic  weaving  and  manufactures  of  hair  cordage, 
soap,  leather,  and  iron-wares  are  carried  on ;  but  this  region 
may  be  considered  as  pre-eminently  the  headquarters  of 
barbarism  in  Asia,  nearly  all  manufactured  goods  and 
necessaries  being  derived  from  the  adjacent  countries  in 
exchange  for  cattle,  hides,  horns,  and  wool.  The  Kirgheez 
are  of  the  Mongol  race,  and  are  separated  into  the  so-named 
Great,  Little,  and  Middle  hordes,  who  are  again  subdivided 
into  numerous  tribes,  each  having  its  own  chief.  They  are 
in  general  below  the  standard  of  European  stature.  They 
are  akin  to  the  Oozbeks,  and  speak  a  similar  language. 
They  are  remarkably  healthy  and  vigorous,  the  result  of  a 
life  without  care,  in  the  open  air  and  on  horseback.  The 
Kirgheez  food  is  chiefly  mutton  and  horse-flesh,  with  sour 
mares'-milk.  The  Kirgheez  are  extremely  indolent  and 
pusillanimous.  Their  hospitality  often  ends  in  treachery ; 
and  they  are,  moreover,  frightfully  vindictive.  Their  re- 
ligion is  a  compound  of  Islamism  and  idolatry. 

The  subjection  of  the  Kirgheez-Kazaks  (Cossacks)  to  the 
empire  of  Russia,  so  far  as  roving  bandits  in  the  desert  can 
be  said  to  be  subjected,  has  been  effected  within  little  more 
than  a  century,  but  they  are  now  active  allies  of  the  Rus- 
si.ans,  and  number  about  2,000,000. 

Kiria,  Kirrea,  klr'ree^i,  or  Ker're^a,  a  town  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  130  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khoten.  Lat.  37° 
N.;  Ion.  82°  50'  E.  It  has  a  trade  with  Yarkand,  to  which 
it  sends  silk,  gold-dust,  and  raisins ;  and  caravans  from  the 
Russian  frontier  bring  to  it  broadcloths,  brocades,  steel,  and 
furs  in  exchange  for  tea,  rhubarb,  and  sal-ammoniac. 

Kirilov,  or  Kirilow,  ke-re-Iov',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  265  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novgorod.  Pop.  3092. 
It  is  surrounded  by  lakes,  and  owes  its  name  to  a  remark- 
able convent  founded  by  St.  Cyril  in  1398.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, several  churches,  and  a  valuable  library. 

Kirin,  kir'in,  a  province  of  Manchooria,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Soongaree,  on  the  E.  by  the  Oosooree  River  and 
the  Russian  territory,  on  the  S.  by  Corea  and  the  province 
of  Leao-Tong,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Soongaree  and  the 
boundary  denoted  by  the  Western  Palisades.  Area,  116,929 
square  miles.  Its  surface  js  level  in  the  N.W.,  including 
the  space  enclosed  within  the  elbow  of  the  Soongaree ;  the 
remainder  of  the  province  is  mountainous.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Soongaree,  the  Hoorka,  and  the  Oosooree.  Extremes 
of  climate  occur  in  the  course  of  the  year,  but  do  not  inter- 
fere with  agriculture.  Beans,  pease,  millet,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  barley,  opium,  and  potatoes  are  produced.  The 
hilly  regions  are  celebrated  for  their  fertility  and  beauty, 
the  mountains  being  in  many  cases  clothed  to  the  summit 
with  luxuriant  vegetation.  Pop.  2,000,000,  mostly  Chinese 
from  the  northern  provinces. 

Kiriu-Oola,  or  Kirin-Oala)  kir'in-oo'l&  or  ke- 


reen'-oo'lA,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Soongaree,  on  the  navigable  river  Soongaree,  or  Kirin-Oola. 
It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  and  is  the  residence  of 
a  Manohoo  viceroy.     Lat.  43°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  126°  55'  E. 

Kiijatch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kirzhatch. 

Kirjath- Arba,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Hebron. 

Kirk  {i.e.,  "  church ;"  see  Kirch),  a  prefix  of  the  name! 
of  numerous  towns  and  parishes  in  Great  Britain.  For 
those  not  under-mentioned,  see  additional  names. 

Kirkagatch,  keer-kd.-g&tch',  or  Kirk-AghacU,  keer- 
k4-g4j',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Kirkby-Kendal,  England.    See  Kendal. 

Kirkby-  (kir'bee)  Lons'dale,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Westmoreland,  on  the  Lune,  and  on  a  railway,  11  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kendal.  It  stands  in  a  valley,  and  has  a  fine  old 
church,  a  grammar-school,  an  antique  market-cross,  and 
some  manufactures  of  carpets,  blankets,  <fcc.     P.  1766. 

Kirkby-Malzeard,  mil'z^rd,  a  town  of  England,  oo. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ripon.     P.  581. 

Kirkby- Moor'side,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  York.  Malting  is  carried 
on,  and  near  it  are  quarries  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  1788. 

Kirkby- Stephen,  kjr'bee-stee'v^n,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Westmoreland,  at  a  railway  junction,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Penrith.  It  has  a  spacious  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk,  stocking-knitting, 
and  lead-  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  1871. 

Kirkcaldy,  kirk-kawl'dee  or  kirk-kaw'dee,  a  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Burntisland,  and  11  miles  N.  of 
Edinburgh.  It  is  well  lighted,  and  has  many  elegant  shops, 
a  handsome  town  hall  and  jail,  several  places  of  worship, 
well-endowed  schools,  a  library,  a  shipping  company,  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  custom-house,  flax-mills,  jute-works,  Ac. 
Bed-ticking,  canvas,  and  other  linen  fabrics  are  the  staple 
manufactures  of  the  place.  It  has  flour-mills,  breweries, 
vitriol-works,  a  distillery,  and  a  machine-factory.  The  trade 
of  the  port  is  extensive.  The  harbor  is  formed  of  stone 
piers,  and  has  a  light -house;  it  is  completely  dry  at  low 
water,  but  at  full  tide  is  capable  of  admitting  vessels  of 
considerable  burden.  The  borough  joins  with  Dysart,  King- 
horn,  and  Burntisland  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  of  town  (1891),  27,151. 

Kirkcudbright,  kir-koo'bree,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire, kir-koo'bre-shjr,  or  the  Stew'artry  of  Kirk- 
cudbright, a  county  in  the  S.W.  of  Scotland,  forming 
the  E.  half  of  the  district  of  Galloway.  Solway  Firth  sepa- 
rates it  from  Cumberland.  Area,  954  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  generally  hilly,  and  in  the  N.W.  mountainous. 
The  chief  mountains  are  Blacklarg,  in  the  N.,  2890  feet, 
and  Cairnsmoor,  on  Wigton  Bay,  2329  feet  in  elevation. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dee,  Fleet,  Ken,  and  Urr. 
Lakes  are  numerous.  The  soil  is  productive.  Cattle  of 
the  polled  Galloway  breed  are  extensively  reared  and  fat- 
tened for  export.  Southdown  and  Cheviot  sheep  are  nu- 
merous in  the  mountains.  Chief  towns,  Kirkcudbright,  New 
Galloway,  and  Castle  Douglas.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891;  39,979. 

Kirkcudbright,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the 
county  of  its  own  name,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  6  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Solway  Firth,  and  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Dumfries.  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  is  finely  situ- 
ated. It  has  a  large  parish  church,  county  hall,  jail,  market- 
cross,  academy,  library,  custom-house,  and  imposing  ruins 
of  a  castle.  The  harbor  is  the  best  in  the  S.  of  Scotland; 
yet  the  town  has  but  little  business  beyond  the  employment 
of  a  few  cotton-looms,  some  ship-building,  small  export  of 
agricultural  produce  and  imports  of  coals,  <fcc.  It  unites 
with  Dumfries,  Annan,  Loohmaben,  and  Sanquhar  in  send- 
ing one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  2470. 

Kirk'dale,  a  northern  suburb  of  Liverpool,  England. 
Pop.  32,978. 

Kirkdale,  a  parish  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kirkby-Moorside.  It  is  noted 
for  its  cave  discovered  in  1820,  containing  an  extraordinary 
assemblage  of  the  bones  of  hyenas,  tigers,  elephants,  Ac. 

Kirk-Deleem,  or  Kirk-Delim,  klrk'-d4-leem',  a 
mountain-range  of  Asia  Minor,  about  lat.  41°  30'  N.  and 
Ion.  35°  E.,  extending  S.E.  from  the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Kirk'ersvilie,  a  post- village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  tl«8 
South  Fork  of  Licking  River,  22  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  and 
2i  miles  S.  of  Kirkersville  Station  of  the  Central  Ohio  Rail- 
road. It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a 
planing-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  295.  The  name  of  the  post-offio« 
at  Kirkersville  Station  is  Outville. 

Kirkfield,  kirk'feeld,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo. 
Ontario,  76  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 


KIR 


1564 


KIS 


Kirk'ham»  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  8i 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Preston.  It  is  handsomely  built, 
and  has  a  large  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  several  well- 
endoired  charities  and  schools.     Pop.  3593. 

Kirkintilloch,  kirk^n-til'loK,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  in 
Dumbartonshire,  on  the  Forth  <fc  Clyde  Canal,  6i  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  court-house  and  jail,  a 
library,  manufactures  of  hats,  an  iron-foundry,  gas-works, 
distilleries,  and  many  cotton-looms.     Pop.  8201. 

Kirk-Kilisseh,  kggRk-ke-lis's^h,  Kirkliseh,  kggrk- 
lis'^h,  written  also  Kirk-Kilissia,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Adrianople.     Pop.  about  16,000. 

Kirk'land,  a  post-oflSce  of  Coflfeeco.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick A  Albany  Railroad,  93  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Kirkland,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  B^ilroad,  31  miles 
W.  of  Elgin.     Much  live-stock  is  shipped  here. 

Kirkland,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  508. 

Kirkland,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  contains  the  village  of  Clinton, 
the  seat  of  Hamilton  College,  and  others  named  Franklin, 
Clark's  Mills,  and  Manchester.  Kirkland  Post-OflSce  and 
Station  is  at  Manchester.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4760. 

Kirkland,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West 
Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  West  Chester. 

Kirkland's,  a  station  on  the  Indiana  North  &  South 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Veedersburg,  Ind. 

Kirkland  Valley,  post-ofiBce,  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Kirk-Lees,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dewsbury.     Pop.  1779. 

Kirk'lin,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Kirklin  town- 
ship, about  35  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  Hour-mill,  Ac  Pop.  in  1880,  252  j  in  1890,  550 ;  of  the 
township,  2219. 

Kirkliseh,  European  Turkey.     See  Kirk-Kilisseh. 

Kirk'mansville,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Kirkook,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Kerkook. 

Kirk-Os'wald,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Penrith.  The  town,  in  the  Vale  of  the 
Eden,  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  and  has  an  old  church,  the 
ruins  of  a  castle,  and  paper-  and  corn-mills.     Pop.  707. 

Kirk's  Cross  Roads,  Indiana.    See  Kirklin. 

Kirk'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  oo.,  Ky.,  16  miles 
E.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Kirk'sey's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C,  10 
miles  S.  of  Ninety -Six  Station.  It  has  a  steam  saw -mill,  a 
grist-mill,  a  pottery,  &c. 

Kirk's  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Tensas  River. 

Kirk's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Ala. 

Kirk's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Kirk's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Kirks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  Ky.,  127 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Kirksville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adair  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Quincy,  Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  34 
miles  N.  of  Macon,  and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quincy,  HI. 
It  contains  a  state  normal  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
court-house,  a  savings-bank,  a  banking-house,  8  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  &o.     Pop.  1890,  3510. 

Kirk'ton,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  IH 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Marys.     Pop.  200. 

Kirk'ville,  a  post- village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Keokuk  <Jb  Des  Moines  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ottumwa.    Pop.  236. 

Kirkville,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
Syracuse.    It  has  2  churches. 

Kirkwall,  kirk-wawl',  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of 
the  00.  of  Orkney,  on  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  Mainland, 
26  miles  N.N.E.  of  John  o'  Groat's.  Lat.  58°  59'  2"  N.  ; 
Ion.  2°  67'  2"  W.  Its  houses  are  antique  and  built  of 
stone.  The  most  conspicuous  edifice  is  the  cathedral  of  St. 
Magnus,  a  fine  Gothic  pile,  founded  in  the  twelfth  century. 
On  either  side  of  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  castle  of  the  Earls 
of  Orkney,  and  of  the  bishop's  palace,  and  opposite  it  are 
the  remains  of  the  king's  castle.  The  principal  modern 
buildings  are  the  town  hall,  jail,  and  assembly-rooms;  and 
the  town  hajs  a  museum,  grammar-school,  libraries,  and  a 
custom-house.  It  has  some  manufactures  of  linen  and 
straw  plait,  and  a  considerable  export  trade.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  superior  courts  of  law  for  Orkney.     Pop.  3434. 

Kirk'wood,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington. 


Kirkwood  (formerly  Young  America),  a  poBt-yil> 
lage  of  Warren  co.,  111.,  in  Tompkins  township,  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Monmouth.  It  has  0  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  1145. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-office  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  S 
miles  E.  of  Centreville. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Miss. 

Kirkwood,  a  post- village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Carondelet 
Branch,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  9  churches, 
a  town  hall,  public  schools,  the  Keeley  Institute,  and  manu- 
factures of  cartridge-belts.     Pop.  in  1890,  1777. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  th« 
Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Kirkwood  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  » 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1379. 

Kirkwood,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  1792. 
It  contains  Sewellsville. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  at 
Pontiao  Station,  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sidney. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Colerain  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster  City,  and 
2  miles  from  Kings  Bridge  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Kirkwood,  a  station  in  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Baraboo. 

Kirkwood  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.T.^ 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Binghamton. 

Kirk- Yetholm,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Ybtbolu. 

Kirman,  a  province  and  city  of  Persia.     See  Kerman. 

Kirmanshah,  or  Kirmanshaw*   See  Kermanshah. 

Kirn,  kgeun,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  40  miles  S.  of 
Coblentz,  on  the  Nahe.     Pop.  3514. 

Kirn,  kirn,  a  watering-place  of  Scotland,  in  Argyleshire, 
on  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Glasgow. 

Ki'ron,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa. 

Kirone,  ki-r5n',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  on  the  route  from 
Khatmandoo  to  the  Brahmapootra.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Kirpelee,  or  Kirpili,  kegR'pe-Iee,  written  also  Kir- 
pelei,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  Caucasus,  flows 
W.N.W.,  and  loses  itself  in  a  marshy  lake  on  the  borders 
of  the  Sea  of  Azof.     Total  course,  about  120  miles. 

Kirrdorf,  kggR^doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  near  Homburg-vor-der-Hohe.     Pop.  1711. 

Kirrea,  Chinese  Toorkistan.    See  Kiria. 

Kirriemuir,  kir're-mar,  or  Killamuir,  kil'Ia-mtlr, 
a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  For- 
far. The  town,  finely  situated  between  the  Grampians  and 
the  Vale  of  Strathmore,  ha«  handsome  churches,  a  trades' 
hall,  numerous  schools,  a  branch  bank,  and  about  2000 
looms  employed  in  weaving  linen,  sheeting,  and  dowlas. 
In  the  vicinity  is  Inverquharity  Castle.     Pop.  4145. 

Kirrlach.  kggR'l&K,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Philipsburg.     Pop.  1873. 

Kirrweiler,  kecR'^iM^r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  1507. 

Kirsanov,  or  Kirsanow,  kggR-s&-nov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  44  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Tambov.     Pop.  7203. 

Kirschatsch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kirzhatcb. 

Kirschnerville,  kirsh'n^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewi* 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Watertown. 

Kir-Shehr,  keer-shSh'r'  (anc.  Andrapa),  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  near  its  centre,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Kizil- 
Irmak,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Kaisareeyeh.     Pop.  about  3500. 

Kirt'land,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Kirtland 
township,  on  an  affluent  of  Chagrin  River,  about  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  was  formerly  occupied  by  the  Mor- 
mons, who  built  a  temple  here  about  1836.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  about  300 ; 
of  the  township,  1029. 

Kir^wee',  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  di- 
vision Allahabad.     Pop.  6854. 

Kir'win,  a  post- village  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  in  Kir- 
win  township,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River, 
about  60  miles  W.  of  Jewell  Centre.  It  contains  a  United 
States  land-office,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  2  drug-stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  689;  of  the  township, 
1180.  It  is  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.  of  Cedarville. 

Kirzhatcb,  Kirjatch,  kecR-zh&tch',  or  Kir- 
schatsch, a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles 
W.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Kirzhatcb.     Pop.  2851. 

Kis,  kish,  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "  little,"  joined 
to  various  names,  as  Kis-Kamisa,  Kis-Jeno,  Ac. 


RIS 


1565 


fcIT 


KisamoSy  ki8'&-mos\  a  bay  on  the  N.W.  eoast  of  the 
Island  of  Crete,  lat.  35"  38'  N.,  Ion.  23°  38'  B.,  having  Cape 
Spada  on  the  E.  and  Cape  Buso  on  the  W. 

KisamoSy  a  fortified  maritime  town  of  Crete,  on  its 
N.  coast,  on  the  Bay  of  Kisamos,  18  miles  W.  of  Khania. 
E.  of  it  are  the  ruins  of  ancient  Cysamtu. 

Kisariah,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  C^sarea. 

Kis-Becskerek,  kish-baitch^ki-r6k',  or  Little 
Becskerek,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Temesvar.     Pop.  3063. 

Kis-Ber,  kish-baiR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Komorn.     Pop.  2120. 

KischeneWy  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Eishenet. 

Ki'ser,  a  station  in  Bourbon  co.,  Ey.,  on  the  Eentucky 
Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Kis-Gyor,  kish-dyoR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Corsod,  4  miles  from  Harsany.     Pop.  1620. 

Kish^acoquil'Ias,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on 
a  creek  of  its  own  name,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lewistown. 
Eishacoquillas  Valley  is  20  miles  long,  and  lies  between 
Jack's  Mountain  and  Stone  Mountain.  Eishacoquillas 
Crkek  flows  into  the  Juniata  River  near  Lewistown. 

Kis-Harta,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Harta. 

Kishenagur,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Ehishnuogur. 

Kishenev,  Kichenev,  Kischenew,  kish\-niv',  or 
Kichinef,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  Bessarabia,  on  the 
Buik,  85  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Odessa.  It  stands  on  three 
hills,  and  has  14  churches,  a  gymnasium,  public  schools,  a 
government  library,  and  extensive  woollen-cloth-  and  other 
factories.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  130,000. 

Kishenghur,  kish\n-giir',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bun- 
delcund,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Jhanaee. 

Kishenghar^  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  capital 
of  a  dominion  of  about  724  square  miles,  60  miles  S.W.  of 
Jeypoor,  and  enclosed  by  walls.     Pop.  of  state,  80,000. 

Kishengunga,  kish-5n-gun'ga,  a  river  of  Asia,  rises 
near  lat.  34°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  76°  E.',  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Jhylum  after  a  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Kishm^klshm,  orKish'ma(ano.  Oarac'ta),  the  largest 
island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  near  its  entrance,  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Ormus,  and  surrounded  by  many  smaller  islands.  Length, 
70  miles ;  average  breadth,  12  miles.  Estimated  pop.  5000, 
chiefly  Arabs.    The  island  belongs  to  the  Imam  of  Muscat. 

Kishni)  or  Kishma,  the  capital  of  the  above  island, 
on  its  E.  side,  is  rudely  fortified,  and  the  residence  of  a 
sheikh.  Its  markets  are  well  supplied,  and  it  has  some 
ship-building,  and  a  brisk  coasting-trade. 

Kishnughur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Erishnqggur. 

Kish'on,  a  river  of  Palestine,  rises  in  Anti-Libanus, 
flows  N.W.  through  the  plain  of  Esdraelon,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Acre. 

Kis-Hont,  Hungary.     See  Gomor  and  Eis-Hont. 

Ki8horegunge,kish'o-re-gunj',orKisoriganj,kis^- 
o-r^-giinj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Mymunsingh  district.  Lat. 
24°  26'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  90°  48'  40"  E.     Pop.  13,637. 

Kishwaukee,  kish-wah'ke  or  kish-wah-kee',  a  station 
in  Hartland  township,  McHenry  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <k 
Northwestern  Railroad,  56  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Kishwankee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  on 
Rock  River,  near  the  itishwaukee,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Rockford. 

Kishwaukee  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  McHenry  co., 
runs  W.  through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  Rook  River  in  Win- 
nebago CO.,  8  miles  below  Rockford.  It  is  75  miles  long. 
An  affluent  called  South  Eishwaukee  runs  N.W.  through 
De  Ealb  co.,  and  enters  the  Eishwaukee  in  Winnebago  co., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Rockford. 

Kiska,  kis'k&,  an  island  of  the  Aleutian  Archipelago. 
Lat.  52°  22'  N.;  Ion.  177°  50'  W.     Length,  25  miles. 

Kis'katom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Catskill,  and  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Catskill 
Mountains.     It  has  a  church. 

Kiskiminetas,or  Kiskiminitas,  kis-ke-min'^-tas, 
a  river  of  Pennsylvania,  formed  by  the  Conemaugh  River 
and  Loyalhanna  Creek,  which  unite  at  Saltsburg,  Indiana 
CO.  It  runs  northwestward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  COS.  of  Armstrong  and  Westmoreland,  until  it  enters 
the  Alleghany  River  at  Freeport.  It  traverses  a  fertile 
country,  in  which  bituminous  coal  abounds. 

Kiskiminetas,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co.,  PaS,  on 
Kiskiminetas  River,  in  a- township  of  the  same  name,  oppo- 
site Northwest  Station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 22  miles  S.  of  Eittanning.     Pop.  of  township,  1728. 

Kis-KoTOS,  kish-ko^rosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  25  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Felegyhaza.  It  produces  a  good  wine.  Pop.  8708. 

Kis-Kunsag,  a  district  of  Hungary.     See  Cumania, 

Kis-Leta,  kish-li'tSh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Siabcloz,  6  miles  from  Bathor.     Pop.  1350. 


Kisliar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Eizliar.      *^* 

Kis-IiOnka,  kish-lon'k5h,  a  village  of  Hungary,  Mb 
of  Marmaros,  on  the  Theiss,  6  miles  from  Szigeth. 

Kislovodosk,  Kislowodosk,  kis-lo-vo-dosk',  or 
Kislovodsk,  kis-lo-vodsk',  a  Russian  watering-place  la 
the  Caucasus,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Georgievsk. 

Kis- Maria,  kish-m&^ree'5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Bihar,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Debreczin. 

Kis-Martony,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Eisenstadt. 

Kismayoo,  kis^mi-yoo',  an  island  of  East  Africa,  lat. 
0°  44'  S.,  with  a  village  on  its  N.N.W.  side. 

Kis-Rebra,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Rebrisora. 

Kis'see  3f  ills,  a  hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  about  50 
miles  from  Springfield.     It  has  a  mill  and  a  store. 

Kisser,  or  Kissa,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Gisser. 

Kis^simmee'  (or  Kis^sinee')  River,  Florida,  rises 
in  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  in  Brevard  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  N.  end  of  Lake  Okeechobee. 
Length,  nearly  90  miles.     The  lake  is  about  12  miles  long. 

Kissingen,  kis'sing-^n,  a  town  and  watering-place  of 
Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg. 
Pop.  3471.  It  has  noted  springs  of  saline-chalybeate 
water,  of  which  500,000  bottles  are  annually  exported ;  ad- 
jacent to  these  are  a  pump-room,  baths,  and  a  colonnade. 
Salt  is  procured  near  it. 

Kis'singer's,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa 

Kissovo,  a  mountain  of  Thessaly.     SeeOssA. 

Kist^nagher'ry,  a  town  and  fort  of  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  60  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Kist'nah,  Kist'na,  or  Krish'na,  a  river  of  India, 
in  the  Deccan,  rises  in  the  W.  Ghauts,  near  lat.  18°  N.,  Ion. 
74°  E.,  flows  E.  through  the  territories  of  Sattarah,  the 
Nizam,  and  the  British  presidencies  of  Bombay  and  Madras, 
and  enters  the  ocean  by  several  months,  in  lat.  15°  50'  N., 
Ion.  81°  E.  Length,  600  miles.  It  receives  some  large 
tributaries,  as  the  Beemah  and  Toombuddra;  but,  as  it  trav- 
erses a  mountainous  region,  it  is  ill  adapted  to  navigation. 
It  has  two  annual  inundations,  and  its  waters  are  utilized 
by  extensive  irrigation-works. 

Kiszueza  Ujhely,  the  Hungarian  for  Nbustastl. 

Kit  Car'son,  an  E.  county  of  Colorado,  has  an  area 
of  2150  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sandy 
Creek,  and  traversed  by  the  Eansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Burlington.     Pop.  in  1890,  2472. 

Kit  Carson's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  haf 
an  altitude  of  14,100  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Kitch'ing's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C. 

Kit'ley,  a  post-office  of  Summer  co.,  Eansas. 

Kitley,  Ontario.     See  Toledo. 

Kit'sap,  a  small  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington. 
Area,  392  square  miles.  It  is  a  peninsula  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Admiralty  Inlet,  on  the  S.  and  S.E.  by  Puget  Sound, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Hood's  Canal.  These  waters  are  navi- 
gable for  large  vessels,  and  afford  facilities  for  trade  and 
the  fisheries.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Port  Madi- 
son.    Pop.  in  1880,  1738 ;  in  1890,  4624. 

Kittan'ning,  township,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     P.  1393. 

Kittanning,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Armstrong  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
The  site  is  a  plain  or  "  bottom"  near  the  base  of  high  hills. 
Eittanning  contains  8  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  4  newspaper-offices,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  foundries,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2624 :  in  1890,  3095. 

Kittanning  Point,  a  post-office  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  Great  Horse-Shoe  Bend, 
5  miles  W.  of  Altoona. 

Kit'tatinny  (or  Blue)  Mountain,  a  long  mountain- 
ridge  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  is  a  portion  of  the 
Appalachian  system.  It  extends  from  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
southwestward  through  Sussex  and  Warren  cos.  of  New 
Jersey.  The  part  which  is  in  Pennsylvania  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Monroe,  Carbon,  and  Schuylkill 
on  the  N.W.  side,  and  Northampton,  Lehigh,  and  Berks  on 
the  other  side.  The  Delaware  River  passes  through  a  very 
picturesque  gorge  in  this  ridge  at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
The  Eittatinny  Mountain  is  characterized  by  an  almost 
level  crest  and  an  even  outline  without  sharp  peaks  or  very 
lofty  summits.  The  highest  points  rise  probably  about 
2400  feet  above  the  tide.  This  ridge  is  composed  of  strati- 
fled  rocks  of  the  Silurian  age,  mostly  of  Medina  sandstone 
and  Oneida  conglomerate.  Parnell's  Enob,  in  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  considered  the  S.W.  termination  of  this  ridge. 

Kittery,  kit'ter-?,  a  post-village  of  York  oo..  Me.,  on 
the  Piscataqua  River,  opposite  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  and  OB 


KIT 


1566 


KLE 


the  Portsmouth,  Saco  <k  Portland  Railroad,  about  4  miles 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  in  Kittery  township,  which 
forms  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Maine,  and  is  51  miles  S.W. 
of  Portland.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-building,  fish- 
pries,  and  the  ooasting-trade.  Here  is  a  United  Sutes  navy- 
yard.     The  township  has  7  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  3333. 

Kittery  Depot,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Piscataqua  River,  and  on  the  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Portland 
Railroad,  about  1  mile  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Kittery  Point,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Me.,  in 
Kittery  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Piscataqua  River,  about  3  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Kit'titas,  a  county  of  Washington.  Area,  3344  square 
miles.     Capital,  Ellensburg.     Pop.  in  1890,  8777. 

Kittoc'tan  Creek,  Virginia,  runs  N.W.  in  Loudoun 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  near  the  Point  of  Rocks. 

Kit'trell,  a  post- village  and  watering-place  of  Gran- 
ville CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3  churches,  a  female  seminary, 
a  superior  hotel,  4  tobacco-factories,  and  a  mineral  spring. 
Pop.  of  Kittrell  township,  1829. 

Kitt'son,  a  county  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  Mani- 
toba, is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North. 
Area,  2245  square  miles.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road.   Capital,  Hallock.    Pop.  in  1880,  905;  in  1890,  .i3S7. 

Kitt's,  St.,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  Christopher. 

Kitty  Hawk,  a  post-office  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C.,  and 
a  signal-station  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

Kitul,  a  town  of  India.     See  Kythul. 

Kitzbiihel,  kits'bii'^1,  or  Kitzbihel,  kits'bee^l,  a 
town  of  Austria,  in"  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Grossach,  47  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Innspruck.     Pop.  1775. 

Kitzingen,  kit'sing*§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  11  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Wiirzburg.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  vinegar,  leather,  and  printers'  ink.     Pop.  6393. 

Kitzmii'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  8  miles  from  Wilson's 
Station,     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kiu-Kiang,  in  China.     See  Kioo-Kiang. 

Kiung-Chu-Fu,  atown  of  China.    See  Kiong-Choo. 

Kill- Sill,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Kioo-Sioo. 

Kiutaja,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kutaieh. 

Kivyza,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Gebseh. 

Ki-Yuen,  ki-yoo-fin',  or  Khai-Juan,  ki-yoo-4n',  a 
town  of  Chinese  Manchooria,  province  and  75  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Mookden.     Pop.  35,000. 

KiZ'Hiss{tr,  kiz-  (or  keez-)  his^sar',  Kilis-Hissar, 
ke-lees'-his^sar',  or  Kilisa-Hissar,  ke-lee'8&-his^sar' 
(ano.  Ty'ana),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Ereglee.  It  has  the  ruins  of  an  aqueduct,  and  massive 
Roman  foundations.  Great  quantities  of  nitre  are  manu- 
factured here,  and  2  miles  distant  is  a  sulphurous  lake, 
supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Aamabaeiu,  sacred  to  Jupiter. 

Kizil'Irmak,  kiz'il-jr'm&k  (Turk.  pron.  kiz'ir-eeR^- 
m&k';  anc.  Ha'lys),  or  the  "Red  River,"  the  principal 
river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  by  many  heads  in  the  centre  of 
that  peninsula,  flows  N.,  and  enters  the  Black  Sea  S.E.  of 
Sinope.  Length,  520  miles.  In  antiquity  it  separated  the 
Lydian  and  Persian  dominions.  Principal  affluent,  the 
Kara-Soo  or  Kastamoonee  River. 

KiziUah  Masa  Tagh,  the  Turkish  name  of  Tholus. 

Kizil-Kooai,  Kizil-Koum,  or  Kizil-Kum,  kiz'- 
il-koom,  an  extensive  sandy  desert  of  Asia,  E.  of  Lake 
Aral,  in  Russian  Toorkistan,  between  lat.  41°  and  44°  N. 
and  Ion.  61°  and  67°  E. 

Kizil-Oozen,  Kizil-Ouzen,  or  Kizil-Uzen, 
kiz'il-oo'z6n  (anc.  Amar'du»,  or  Mar'dua),  a  river  of  Persia, 
province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  joins  the  Zenjan  near  Mianna  to 
form  the  Sefeed  Rood. 

Kizliar,  or  Kizy  ar,  kiz^le-ar',  written  also  Kisliar, 
ft  fortified  town  of  Russia,  Caucasus,  in  the  Terek  district, 
on  the  Terek,  50  miles  W.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian.  It 
has  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  an  active 
trade  in  wine.     Pop.  9176. 

Kjerteminde,  ke-JR't^h-min'd^h  or  ky^RH^h-min'- 
d?h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  a  small  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of 
the  island  of  Funen,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Odense.     P.  2274. 

Kjobenhavn,  a  city  of  Denmark.    See  Copenhagen. 

Kjoge,  or  Kioge,  ke-o'gh^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  island  of  Seeland,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Co- 
penhagen. It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways.  The  bay 
has  good  anchorage.     Pop.  3097. 

Ki<ilen,  a  mountain  of  Scandinavia.    See  Eiolen. 

Klaarwater,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Griqua  Town. 

Klabat,  kll-bit',  a  volcano,  4000  feet  high,  in  Celebes, 
ftear  Menado.    Near  it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 


Kiadno,  kl&d'no,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Prague.  Pop.  10,707.  It  has  iron-works  and 
mines  of  iron  and  coal. 

Kladrau,  kl&'dr5w,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1250. 

Klagenfurth,  or  Clagenfurth,  kl&'gh9n-fooRt\ 
sometimes  called  Zelanz,  tsi'lints,  a  town  of  Austria, 
capital  of  Carinthia,  on  the  Glan,  at  a  railway  junction,  41 
miles  N.  of  Laybach.  Pop.  15,285.  It  is  well  built,  and 
its  fortifications  have  been  replaced  by  a  handsome  prome- 
nade. Principal  edifices,  a  fine  residence  of  the  Bishop  of 
Gurk,  with  rich  galleries  of  art,  a  cathedral  and  other 
churches,  an  old  castle,  the  hall  of  the  Carinthian  assembly, 
an  edifice  of  the  fourteenth  century,  a  market-place,  and 
numerous  charitable  institutions.  In  one  of  its  squares  is  a 
statue  of  Maria  Theresa.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  court  of 
appeal  for  the  government,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  normal 
school,  and  a  realschule,  extensive  woollen-  and  white-lead- 
factories,  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics,  and  a  large  trade. 

Klamath  (kl&'mat  or  kl&'mat'h)  Agency,  a  post-offiop 
of  Klamath  oo.,  Oregon.     Here  is  an  Indian  agency. 

Klamath  Lake,  Oregon,  is  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  and  extends  across  the  S.  boundary  of  the 
state  into  Siskiyou  co.  of  California.  The  S.  part,  called 
Lower  Klamath  Lake,  is  connected  with  the  N.  by  a  nar- 
row strait  scarcely  2  miles  wide.  The  lake  is  about  44 
miles  long,  and  14  miles  wide  near  the  N.  end.  The  sur- 
plus water  is  discharged  by  the  Klamath  River,  which 
issues  from  the  Lower  Lake. 

Klamath  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Klamath  River  rises  in  the  6.  part  of  Oregon,  and 
flows  into  Klamath  Lake.  It  issues  from  the  Lower  Kla- 
math Lake,  and  runs  southwestward  into  Siskiyou  co., 
Cal.  It  intersects  Dei  Norte  co.,  and  runs  southwestward 
to  the  mouth  of  Trinity  River.  Below  this  point  it  flows 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  Del  Norte 
CO.  Length,  275  miles.  It  traverses  a  mountainous  region, 
and  runs  in  a  deep  and  narrow  cafion.  Gold  is  found  near 
this  river.     A  bar  at  its  mouth  obstructs  the  navigation. 

Klapa  (or  Klapp)  Island,  Java.    See  Cocoa-Nct. 

Klar,  klan,  a  river  of  Norway,  rises  in  the  province 
of  South  Trondhjem,  forms  Lake  Fsemond,  flows  S.S.E. 
through  Hedemark,  under  the  name  of  Tyrsild,  enters  the 
province  of  Carlstad,  where  it  takes  the  name  of  Klar,  and 
falls  by  three  mouths  into  the  N.  part  of  Lake  Wener,  after 
a  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Klarentza,  kli-rint'sfL,  Chiarentza,  k&-&-r^nt's&. 
or  Chiaren'za  (anc.  CylU'ne),  a  seaport,  village,  and 
mountain-fortress  of  Greece,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the 
Morea,  near  Cape  Klarentza,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Zante. 

Klasteretz,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Klostbrle. 

Klattau,  kl&t'tdw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Beraun,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.  Pop.  8067.  l\ 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  stockings,  a  gymna 
sium,  a  fine  church,  a  high  school,  and  2  hospiUils. 

Klausenburg,  kldw'zfn-bdoRG',  or  Koloevar,  ko^- 
loshV^R',  a  city,  capital  of  the  county  of  the  same  name, 
in  Transylvania,  on  the  Szamos,  72  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Hermannstadt.  Pop.  (1890)  32,729.  It  consists  of 
old  and  new  towns.  It  has  a  citadel  and  several  suburbs, 
a  cathedral,  Roman  Catholic,  Calvinist,  Unitarian,  and 
Lutheran  churches,  the  town  hall,  military  and  other  boa 
pitals,  and  some  private  palaces.  It  was  the  seat  of  the 
Transylvania  Diets,  and  has  a  university  founded  in  1872,  a 
museum  of  antiquities,  Roman  Catholic,  Reformed,  and 
Unitarian  colleges,  Piarist  and  other  monasteries,  and  man- 
ufactures of  woollen  cloths,  china-ware,  and  paper.  The 
county  of  Klausenburg  has  an  area  of  1940  square  miles. 
Pop.  202,263. 

Klausthal,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Clausthal. 

Kleck'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co , 
Pa.,  1  mile  from  Chapman,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Allentown 
It  has  a  slate-quarry  and  a  manufactory  of  mantels. 

Klecko,  klSk'ko,  Kletsk,  or  Kiosk,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, 26  miles  N.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1843. 

Kleczewo,  kl4-ch^'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  of  Kalisz,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Kolo.    Pop.  1490. 

Klein  Eiger,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.    See  Monoh. 

Klein  Emmen,  a  river  of  Switzerland.     See  Emhex. 

Kleiuenberg,  kli'n^n-b^RG',  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  40  miles  S.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1150. 

Kleinfeltersville,  klla'felt-^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  Heidelberg  township,  about  22  miles 
W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  mill. 

Kleinitz,  kli'nits,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  56 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Liegnitz.  It  has  manufactures  of  oil 
and  lime.     Pop.  1892. 


KLE 


1567 


KNi 


Klein  Ostheim,  kline  ost'hime,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Main,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Asohafifenburg.     Pop.  1165. 

Klein's )  klinz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  at  or  near  Frederick  Station,  7 
miles  N.  of  Collegeville. 

Kleinschlatten,  the  German  for  Zalathna. 

Kleinzerbst)  a  town  of  Saxony.     See  Zorbig. 

Kleissoura,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Klissura. 

Klentsch,  or  Klencz,  klSntoh,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
21  miles  W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1300. 

Klestchino-Ozero,  Russia.    See  Plescheievo. 

Kleszel,  klSsh'^I,  or  Kleschtscheli,  klgsh-ohel'9,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Grodno,  42  miles  S.  of  Bialystok. 

Klevan,  kli-v&n',  a  river  of  Russia,  which  rises  on  the 
S.W.  frontier  of  the  government  of  Orel,  flows  S.  W.  between 
the  governments  of  Koursk  and  Czernigov,  and  joins  the 
8em.     Length,  90  miles. 

Kleve,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.     See  Cleves. 

Kliasma^  or  Kliazma,  k1e-&z'm&,  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Moscow  and  Vladimeer,  rises  near  Klin, 
flows  E.  350  miles,  and  joins  the  Oka  at  Gorbatov. 

Klikitat)  klik'9-tat,  a  small  river  of  Washington,  rises 
in  the  Cascade  Range,  in  Skamania  co.,  runs  southeastward 
and  southward  in  Klikitat  co.,  and  enters  the  Columbia 
River  about  13  miles  below  Dalles  City. 

Klikitat,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Washington,  bor- 
ders on  Oregon.  Area,  about  2176  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Klikitat  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  mountains,  forests,  and  prairies.  At  the  N.W.  corner 
of  the  county  stands  Mount  Adams,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range.  Wheat,  barley,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Goldendale.     Pop.  in  1880,  4055  j  in  1890,  5167. 

Klimovitchi,  or  Klimowitschi,  kle-mo-vitch'ee,  a 
town  of  Russia,  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moheelev.     Pop.  2010. 

Klin,  kleen,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Moscow,  on  the  Sestra,  with  a  palace.     Pop.  6643. 

Klineburg,  klin'burg,  a  post-village  in  York  00.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Humber  River,  and  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  A 
Bruce  Railway,  21i  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  tan- 
nery, a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  3  hotels,  and 
6  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Kline's  (kllnz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pen- 
dleton CO.,  W.  Va. 

Kline's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  &  Wilkesbarre  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  an  academy,  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Klinesville,  klinz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
in  Raritan  township,  3  miles  from  Flemington. 

Klinesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading. 

Klingenthal,  kling'^n-t&r,  a  village  of  Saxony,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Plauen.     Pop.'  2563. 

Kling'erstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  00.,  Pa., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Klingnau,  kling'n5w,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1216. 

Klintsy,  or  Klintzy,  klint'see,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Chernigov,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Soorazh.     Pop.  5576. 

Klissura,  klis-soo'ri,  or  Kleissoura,  a  town  of  Al- 
bania, on  the  Voyussa,  40  miles  E.  of  Avlona.     Pop.  1500. 

Kliuchi,  a  village  of  Russia.     See  Zlatoosk. 

Kliutch,  or  Kliuch,  kle-ooch',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Banialooka.  Population  mostly  Turks.  It 
has  a  strong  fortress,  and  a  mart  for  horses. 

Klobauk,  klo'bdwk,  atown  of  Moravia,  21  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Hradisch.     Pop.  2560. 

Klobucko,  klo-book'ko,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Kalisz,  with  2000  inhabitants. 

Klodava,  or  Klodawa,  klo-di'vi,  a  town  of  Poland, 
province  and  90  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  2060. 

Klodzko,  a  town  of  Prus.*ia.     See  Glatz. 

Kloetinge,  kloo'ting-H^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
Zealand,  in  South  Beveland,  S.E.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1026. 

Kloman,  Michigan.     See  English. 

Klonthal,  a  lake  of  Switzerland.     See  ClSnthal. 

Kloosterburen,  klos'tf  r-biiV^n,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Groningen,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appingedam. 

Kloppenburg,  klop'pfn-b66uG*,  a  town  of  Germany, 
19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  1671. 

Klosterle,  klos't^r-l^h,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  2902. 

Klosterneuburg,  klos-t^r-noi'bSSRO,  a  manufactur- 
ing town  of  Lower  Austria,  6  miles  from  Vienna.     P.  6330. 

Klosters,  klos't^rs,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
in  Grisons,  on  the  Landquart,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chur. 


Kloster-Seitz,  a  village  of  Austria.    Bee  Skits. 

Kloten,  klo't^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  I 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1450. 

Klotze,  a  village  of  Saxony.     See  Clotzb. 

Klundert,  klilu'd^rt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  North 
Brabant,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Breda.     Pop.  3175. 

Klus,  kloos  (Inner,  in'n^r,  and  Aedssbr,  ois's^r),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10  miles  E.  of  Soleure,  at 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  celebrated  defile  of  the  same  name. 

Klytsch«Nias-Bai,  klitch^-ne^&s'-bi',  or  Klytsch- 
Dai,  klitch^-bl',  a  town  of  Asia,  khanat  and  50  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Khiva.     It  contains  a  castle  and  3  mosques. 

Kmielnik,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Chuielnik. 

Knap  (nap)  of  Reeds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  cu., 
N.C.,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Knapp,  nap,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  00.,  Wis.,  on  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  37  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  mills  or  factories. 

Knappa,  nap'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon, 
on  Columbia  River,  about  66  miles  W.  of  Ealama.  Muob 
lumber  is  shipped  here. 

Knapp's,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.  See  North  Stockhodi. 

Knapp's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Wis. 

Knapton,  nap'tQn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pacific  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  River,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Astoria. 

Knaresborough,  nairs'biir-riih,  a  borough  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  West  Riding,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Har- 
rogate, and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  York.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  in  the  narrow  valley  of  the  Nidd.  It  has  an  ancient 
parish  church,  numerous  other  places  of  worship,  a  grammar- 
school,  an  endowed  school,  and  massive  remains  of  a  castle 
erected  soon  after  the  Conquest.  The  town  has  also  a  court- 
house, a  market-house,  a  public  library,  a  banking  company, 
and  manufactures  of  linens,  which  have  greatly  declined. 
Not  far  from  the  town  are  the  remains  of  a  priory  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  and  ancient  chapels  hewn  out  of  solid 
rock.  The  borough  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop. 
5205. 

Knauer's,  naw'^rz,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Knauertown,  naw'^r-town,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  00., 
Pa.,  in  Warwick  township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  St.  Peter's  Post-Office. 

Knawl's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kneass,  ne'as,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hemdon. 

Kneedler,  need'l^r,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Stony  Creek'  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Kneisley's,  niss'liz,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Co- 
lumbus &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton. 

Kneist,  nist,  a  township  of  Carroll  00.,  Iowa.     P.  643. 

Knesselaere,  knSs's^h-li^r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4000.  • 

Knetzgau,  knSts'gSw,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  on  the  Main.     Pop.  1279. 

Kniaginin,  or  Kniaghinin,  kne-&-ghe-neen',  a  town 
of  Russia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.     Pop.  1608. 

Kniaz,  kne-iz',  sometimes  written  Zid,  zid,  a  lake  of 
Russia,  government  and  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minsk. 

Knielingen,  k'neel'ing-^n  or  kneel'ing-^n,  a  village 
of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlsruhe. 

Knife  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Thomson,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  branch  railroad.  It  has  extensive 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Kniffin,  nif'fin,  a  poet-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  8  miles  £.  of  Allerton. 

Knight,  nite,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind  ,  on 
the  Ohio  River.     Pop.  1342. 

Knighton,  ni't9n,  or  Tref-y-Clawdd,  trfiv-e- 
kldwTH  {i.e.,  "town  on  the  dike"),  a  borough  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Radnor,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Rad- 
nor. It  unites  with  Radnor,  &o.,  in  sending  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  1743. 

Knight's,  California.     See  Grafton. 

Knightsbridge,  nits'brij,  a  W.  suburb  of  the  English 
metropolis,  co.  of  Middlesex,  3i  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
don. It  has  a  beautiful  church,  and  the  Albert  Gate  at  the 
entrance  to  Hyde  Park.     Pop.  7759. 

Knight's  (nits)  Crossing, astation  in  Essex 00.,  Mas*., 
on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Newburyport. 

Knight's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  00.,  Cal., 
on  the  Stanislaus  River,  38  miles  B.  by  S.  of  Stockton.  It 
has  water-power  and  a  flouring-mill.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
river  here.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Knight's  Island,  an  island  of  Alaska,  in  Prince  Wil- 
liam's Sound,  30  miles  long.     Lat.  60°  13'  N.j  Ion.  148»  S. 


KNI 


1568 


KNO 


Knight's  Island,  one  of  the  Snares  Islands,  S.  of  New 
Zealand.     Lat.  62°  N.j  Ion.  93°  W. 

Knight's  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  St.  Louis,  W.  of 
Lachine,  Quebec. 

Knight's  Island,  in  Canada,  near  the  W.  coast  of 
Hudson's  Bay. 

Knight's  Landing,  Yolo  co.,  Cal.    See  Gkapton. 

Knight's  Mills,  a  village  in  Smithfield  township, 
Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  Greenville.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  cloth.     Pop.  92. 

Knight's  Prairie,  a  post-oflBce  of  Hamilton  oo..  111. 

Knight's  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Memphis,  Carthage  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Carthage. 

Knights'town,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Panhandle 
Railroad,  which  connects  Indianapolis  with  Richmond,  34 
miles  E.  of  the  former,  and  34  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  the  Knightstown  Academy,  with  a  fine  building.  It  has 
manufactures  of  bagging,  brooms,  burial-caskets,  flour,  car- 
riages, sash,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1670 ;  in  1890,  1867. 

Knights'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Van 
Buren  township,  on  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  £.  of  Brazil,  and  about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Terre  Haute.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  large  rolling-mill,  and  3  blast-furnaces. 
Hei'e  are  rich  mines  of  block  coal,  and  the  works  of  the 
Indiana  Coal  and  Iron  Company.     Pop.  in  1890,  1148. 

Knightsville,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Elizabeth  town- 
ehip,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  4  miles  S.  of  Portland. 

Knightsville,  a  village  of  Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Hartford  &  Providence  Railroad,  adjacent  to  Cranston 
Print- Works.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  245. 

Kniphausen,  knip'hdw^z^n,  a  castle  of  Germany,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Jahde,  30  miles  N.  of  Oldenburg.  It 
was  once  capital  of  the  lordship  of  Kniphausen,  the  smallest 
state  in  Europe,  now  a  part  of  Oldenburg. 

Knittelfeld,  knit'tfl-ffilt\  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Mur,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  2018. 

Knittlingen,  knitt'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  26 
iuiles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2543. 

Ki^azewatz,  or  Knjaschewatz,  kny&'zhe-v&ts,  a 
town  of  Servia,  25  miles  E.  of  Alexinatz.     Pop.  3554. 

Knob,  nSb,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Knob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  c6.,  Va.,  near  Clinch 
Mountain,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Knob  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  638. 

Knob  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 

Knobel,  no'b^l,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo..  Ark.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Corning. 

Knob  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  97  miles 
6.  of  Louisville.     lit  has  several  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Knob  Lick,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  95  miles  S.  of  St. 
Louis.     Granite  monuments  are  made  here. 

Knob  Moun'tain,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  E.N.E.  part 
of  Columbia  co.,  extends  a  short  distance  into  Luzerne. 

Knobnoster,  nob-nos't§r,  a  post- village  of  Johnson 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of 
Bedalia,  and  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  6  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  851. 

Knobs,  n6bz,  a  township  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1451. 

KnobsTille,  nSbz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co..  Pa., 
In  Tod  township,  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Knobview,  nob-va',  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  98  miles 
8.W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  of  Knobview  township,  515. 

Knobville,  nSb'vIl,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Ark. 

Knock,  nok,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Banff  Height,  2500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Knockannahiggen,  Ireland.    See  Binabola. 

Knock'lade,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Antrim,  2| 
miles  S.  of  Ballycastle.     Height,  1695  feet. 

Knock^ma'hon,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Water- 
ford,  near  the  Atlantic,  li  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bunmahon. 

Knock^mel'edown  Mountains,  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
•ter,  are  between  the  cos.  of  Waterford  and  Tipperary. 

KnockUo'pher,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny, 
2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newmarket.     Pop.  1008. 

Knottingley,  not'ting-le,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  3|  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Pontefract.     It  has  2  est  iblished  churches,  various  ohapels, 


and  extensive  manufactures  of  lime.  Many  river-  and 
coasting- vessels  are  built  here,  and  the  trade  on  the  rirer 
and  canal  is  considerable.     Pop.  of  township,  4039. 

Knott's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Currituck  oo.,  N.C, 
on  an  island  of  this  name  in  Currituck  Sound. 

Knott's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.G. 

Knott's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anson  oo.,  N.C. 

Knottsville,  nSts'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  oo., 
Ky.,  12  miles  E.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Knottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Grafton.     It  has  a  church. 

KnowersTille,  no'^rs-vll,  a  post- village  in  Guilderland 
township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  hives,  carriages,  furniture,  Ac 

Knowle,  nSwl,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Warwick.     Pop.  1372. 

Knowles,  nSlz,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Knowlesville,  nSlz'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Ridgeway  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad  (Niagara  Falls  Branch),  36 
miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  barrels,  carriages,  staves,  and  heading.     Pop.  500. 

Knowlton,  nort9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
in  Knowlton  township,  about  8  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Belvi- 
dere.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  of  township,  1691. 

Knowlton,  a  village  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter Creek  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Lamokin.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.  It  is  near  Vil- 
lage Green. 

Knowlton,  a  post-village  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  in 
Knowlton  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
1  mile  from  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  and  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Wausau.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  264.  Knowlton  Station  on  the  above 
railroad  is  18  miles  S.  of  Wausau. 

Knowlton,  nSl'tQn,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Brome, 
Quebec,  is  near  Brome  Lake,  lOJ  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.  It 
has  several  mills,  2  hotels,  and  5  or  6  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Knowlton  Mills,  Pennsylvania.     See  Knowlton. 

Knowlton's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Desha  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  below  Helena. 

Knox,  n5x,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois.  Area, 
720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Spoon  River, 
and  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy,  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6,  and  Fulton  County  Narrow-Gauge  Railroads. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Many  mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Galesburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,522;  in 
1880,  38,344;  in  1890,  38,752. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  K  by  the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  on 
the  S.  by  the  White  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Wabash 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Coal  is 
found  here.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  A  Mis- 
sissippi, Evansville  A  Terre  Haute,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  A  St.  Louis,  and  Pennsylvania  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Vincennes.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,562;  in  1880,  26,324;  in 
1890,  28,044. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cum- 
berland River,  and  also  drained  by  Richland  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
many  varieties  of  trees.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  coal  and 
limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Barboursville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8294;  in 
1880,  10,587;  in  1890,  13,762. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maine,  has  an  area 
of  about  328  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Penobscot  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is 
partly  drained  by  the  Medomac  River,  and  comprises  sev- 
eral islands.  Hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  extensive  quarries  of  limestone, 
and  exports  large  quantities  of  lime.  It  has  great  facili- 
ties for  commerce  and  the  fisheries,  in  which  a  part  of  the 
population  are  employed.  The  Maine  Central  Railroad 
connects  Bath  with  Rockland,  the  capital  of  the  countyr 
Pop.  in  1870,  30,823;  in  1880,  32,863;  in  1890,  31,473. 


KNO 


1569 


KNO 


Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  510  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  three  rirers, 
called  the  North  Fabius,  Middle  Fabius,  and  South  Fabius, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  the  North  Fork  of  Salt  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  tracts  of  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Quinoy,  Omaha  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Edina. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,974;  in  1880,  13,047;  in  1890,  13,601, 

KnoX)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  which  separates  it  from 
South  Dakota.  It  has  an  area  of  IIUO  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  diversified.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Niobrara  River.  Capital,  Niobrara.  Pop. 
in  1870,  261;  in  1880,  3666;  in  1890,  8582. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  527  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Vernon 
and  Mohican  (or  Walhonding)  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  butter  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Cleveland  by  the 
Cleveland,  Akron  &  Columbus  Railroad.  Capital,  Mount 
Vernon.  Pop,  in  1870,  26,333;  in  1880,  27,431;  in  1890, 
27,600. 

KnoX)  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about 
620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Holston  River, 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Clinch  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  French  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  finely  diversi- 
fied with  high  ridges,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  county, 
which  also  has  beds  of  marble  and  iron  ore.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad. 
The  Knoxville  &  Augusta  Railroad  connects  with  the  former 
at  Knoxville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,990 ;  in  1880, 
39,124;  in  1890,  59,557. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.  of  Texas,  drained  by  Brazos 
and  Big  Wichita  Rivers.  This  county  has  an  area  of  900 
square  miles.  Capital,  Benjamin.  Pop.  in  1880,  77 :  in 
1890,  1134. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  III.  Pop.  2677,  in- 
cluding Knoxville. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  956. 

Knox,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  Yellow  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  La 
Porte,  and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  normal  school, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  790. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  851. 

Knox,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1340. 

Knox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  Knox  town- 
ship, 17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Belfast,  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school.  The  township  includes  Knox  Station.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  889. 

Knox,  or  Knoxville,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Knox  township,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  tannery.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Knox. 
Pop,  about  300;  of  the  township,  1641. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0,  Pop,  2151. 
It  contains  Homeworth  and  North  Georgetown. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop,  810.  It 
contains  Indian  Camp, 

Knox,  a  township  of  Holmes  co,,  0.  Pop,  964.  Here 
bituminous  and  cannel  coal  are  mined. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co,,  0,  Pop.  1301.  It 
contains  Knoxville,  Shanghai,  and  Somerset. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Vinton  co,,  0,     Pop.  559. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa,  Pop,  656.  It 
contains  Lucinda  Furnace.     See  also  Edenburo. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     Pop.  587. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo..  Pa.  Pop,  863.  It 
contains  Knoxville. 

Knoxborough,  n5x'biir-ruh,  or  Knox  Corners,  a 
post-village  of  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Augusta  township, 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  208, 

Knox  City,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Quincy,  Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Quincy,  111.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Knox  College.    See  Galesburg,  111. 

Knoxdale,  Jefferson  co,.  Pa.    See  Knoxville. 

Knox  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla,,  about 
110  miles  W,  by  N.  of  Tallahassee. 

Knox  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish,  La.,  on 
Red  River,  30  miles  by  land  S.  by  E,  of  Shreveport. 

Knox  Station,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 


Knoxville,  nSx'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ala., 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Eutaw.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  stores. 

Knoxville,  a  mining  and  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal,, 
about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  164. 

Knoxville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co,,  Ga., 
about  28  miles  W.S.W,  of  Macon.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  and  a  seminary. 

Knoxville,  a  post-town  of  Knox  co.,  Illinois,  is  in 
Knox  township,  on  the  Galesburg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices, 
manufO'Ctures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  woollen  goods,  and  a 
Swedish  college.     Pop.  in  1890,  1728. 

Knoxville,  a  hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind,,  about  58 
miles  N,E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Knoxville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Knoxville  township,  on  the  Albia,  Knoxville  &  Des 
Moines  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Oskaloosa  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  is 
surrounded  by  fertile  prairies,  containing  beds  of  coal.  It 
contains  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
the  Knoxville  Academj-,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  3  steam 
flour-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  2577 ;  in 
1890,  2632;  of  the  township  (1890),  5616. 

Knoxville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ey.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Knoxville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Potomac  River  (which  here  flows  through  fine  scenery)  and 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  75  miles  W,  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  large  iron-furnace.     Pop,  320. 

Knoxville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Miss.,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Natchez, 

Knoxville,  a  post- village  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  in  Knoxville 
township,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a 
drug-store  and  2  general  stores.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2469. 

Knoxville,  or  Stock'bridge,  a  village  of  Madison 
CO.,  N.Y,,  on  Oneida  Creek,  and  on  the  Midland  Railroad, 
9  miles  S,  of  Oneida,  It  has  3  churches  and  a  grist-miU. 
Pop.  241.     Post-office,  Stockbridge. 

Knoxville,  a  village  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from 
Corning,     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  785, 

Knoxville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  in  Knox 
township,  about  10  miles  N.N.W,  of  Steubenville,  and  3 
miles  W.  of  the  Ohio  River.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  165. 

Knoxville,  a  village  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brookville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Here  is  Knoxdale  Post-Office. 

Knoxville,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  in  Deer- 
field  township,  on  the  Cowanesque  Creek,  about  60  miles  N. 
of  Lock  Haven,  and  27  miles  S.W,  of  Corning,  N,Y.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  aaash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop,  400, 

Knoxville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  right  or  N.W.  bank  of  the 
Holston  River,  about  180  miles  E.  of  Nashville,  and  200 
miles  by  water  above  Chattanooga,  By  railroad  it  is  112 
miles  N,E,  of  Chattanooga.  It  is  on  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the 
Knoxville  &  Charleston  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  built  on  a 
hilly  or  uneven  site,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Tennessee, 
which  was  organized  in  1869  and  has  17  instructors  and 
about  250  students.  Connected  with  the  university  is  the 
Tennessee  Agricultural  College.  Here  is  an  institution  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb,  founded  by  the  state,  an  asylum  for  the 
insane,  also  a  public  building  erected  by  the  United  States 
for  a  custom-house  and  post-office.  This  is  built  of  a  beau- 
tiful gray  marble  quarried  in  the  vicinity,  and  cost  about 
$400,000.  Two  bridges  cross  the  river  here.  Knoxville 
contains  about  30  churches,  5  national  banks,  4  other  banks, 
a  convent,  a  rolling-mill,  2  iron-foundries,  a  machine-shop, 
a  nail-factory,  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  oar- 
wheels,  cars,  furniture,  and  sash  and  blinds.  Three  daily 
and  4  weekly  newspapers  and  a  religious  paper  are  pub- 
lished here.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  in  high  water. 
Knoxville  was  the  capital  of  the  state  from  1794  to  1817, 
Pop.  in  1880,  9693;  in  1890,  22,536. 

Knoxville,  a  hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex,,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Palestine. 

Knoxville,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W,  Va, 

Knoxville  Alines,  California.    See  Knoxvii/LB. 

Knoydart,  noi'dart,  a  post-settlement  in  Pictou  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  26  miles  from 
New  Glasgow.     Pop.  250. 


KNU 


1570 


KOK 


Knutsford,  nats'ford  ( Gnut's  Ford,  "  Canute's  Ford"),  a 
town  of  England,  co.  and  24  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Chester, 
The  town  has  a  handsome  church,  free  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  velvets,  yarn,  worsted,  and  leather.  Pop.  3803. 

Knutweil)  knoot'^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
»nd  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1196. 

Knyschin,  or  Knyszyn,  noi'shin,  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Grodno,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  2924. 

Koahoina,  a  county  of  Mississippi.    See  Coahoma. 

Koang-Sin,  or  Kouang-Sin-Fou,   China.    See 

QUANG-SIN-FOO. 

Kobbe,  or  Cobbe,  kob'bee,  sometimes  written  Kob- 
bi,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Darfoor,  about  lat.  14°  11'  N.,  Ion. 
28°  8'  E.     Pop.  6000. 

Kobdo,  a  city  and  territory  of  Mongolia.    See  Cobdo. 

Kob6,  ko'bi,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  bay  and  near 
the  city  of  Hiogo.  A  railway  extends  hence  22  miles  to 
Osaka.  Kob6  was  founded  in  1868.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large 
tea-trade,  and  is  regularly  and  neatly  built.     Pop.  8554. 

KobeUak,  or  KobiUaki,  Russia.    See  Kobyliaki. 

Koben,  ko'b§n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  38  miles 
N.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Oder.     Pop.  1128. 

Koblenz,  a  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia.     See  Coblbntz. 

Kobrin,  or  Kobryn,  ko'brin,  a  town  of  Russia,  100 
miles  S.B.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  7785. 

Kobt,  a  city  of  Egypt.     See  Kupt. 

Koburg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Coburg. 

Kobylanka,  ko-be-lin'ki,  a  village  of  Austrian  Gali- 
eia,  on  the  Rappa.  It  has  a  castle,  and  in  its  vicinity  a 
ohapel  annually  visited  by  50,000  pilgrims.     Pop.  1087. 

Kobyliaki,  Kobiyaki,  ko-beel-y&'kee,  or  Kobul- 
jaki,  ko-bul-y&'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Poltava.     Pop.  12,989. 

Kobylin,  ko-be-Ieen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  50 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen,  on  the  Orla.     Pop.  2404. 

Kochem,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Cocheu. 

Kocher,  ko'K^r,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  joins  the 
Neckar  6  miles  N.  of  Heilbronn.     Length,  70  miles. 

Koch-Hissar,  koK-his'sar\  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  a  large  salt  lake,  the  ancient  Tattma  Palut, 
in  lat.  38°  50'  N.,  Ion.  33°  29'  E. 

Koch's,  kSks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  in  Salt 
Creek  township,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Wooster.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Kochstedt,  koK'stdtt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2061. 

Kochville,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1382. 

Kock,  kok,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Siedlec,  on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  1788. 

Koda,  ko'da,  a  town  of  Sinde,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Ehyer- 
poor,  in  lat.  27°  55'  N.,  Ion.  68°  52'  E.     Pop.  2200. 

Koden,  ko'd^n,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  of  Siedlec, 
on  the  Bug,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Biala.     Pop.  2500. 

Kodiak,  Alaska.    See  Kadiak. 

Kodjend,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Khojend. 

KocO-Hissar,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Koch-Hissar. 

Kodus,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Sarabat. 

Koedang,  koo^d&ng',  a  prefix  to  several  rivers  of  Java. 
They  are  Koedang  Galos,  Koedakg  Jewah,  Koedang 
Rowo,  Koedang  Segero-Aloen,  and  Koedang  Segero- 
SoERANG,  all  flowing  into  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Koei-Choo,  Qnei-Choo,  Kouei-Tchou,  kwi^- 
ohoo',  or  Kwi>Choo,  kwr-choo',  a  province  in  the  S.W. 
of  China.  Lat.  24°  30'  to  29°  N. ;  Ion.  104°  to  110°  E. 
Pop.  5,288,219.  Surface  mountainous.  It  has  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  mercury,  and  iron.     Chief  city,  Koei-Yang. 

Koei«Ling,  a  city  of  Cljina.    See  Kwei-Lin. 

Koei-Te,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kwei-Te. 

Koei-Yang,  Kwei-Yang,  or  Kouei- Yang,  kwi^- 
y&ng',  a  town  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Koei- 
Choo.     Lat.  about  22°  N. ;  Ion.  107°  B. 

Koel,  a  river  of  India.     See  Coel. 

Koelen,  a  mountain  of  Scandinavia.     See  Kiolen. 

Koeltztowu,  kelts'tSwn,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.. 
Mo.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Jeflferson  City. 

Koenigsberg,  Prussia.    See  Konigsbbrs. 

Koepang,  a  town  of  Timor.     See  Coepang. 

Koermoend,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Kormond. 

Koesfeid,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Kosfeld. 

Koeslin,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Coslin. 

Koethen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Kothen. 

Koeti,  a  state  of  Borneo.     See  Kon. 

Koevorde,orKoevo rden.    See  Coevordeh. 

Koewacht,  koo'^ixt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  6  miles  S.  of  Axel.     Pop.  1904. 

Koewala-Day,  k«o-wi'14-di,  a  town  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Liugen,  about 


6  miles  from  the  mouth  of  a  considerable  river.  It  is  the 
capital  of  the  island,  and  the  residence  of  a  sultan. 

Koft,  a  city  of  Egypt.     See  Kcft. 

Kogenheim,  ko'gn^n-hime*  (Fr.  pron.  ko^ghin'fim'), 
a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  Straeburg  &  Basd 
Railway,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schlettstadt.     Pop.  1276. 

Kohalom,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Reps. 

Kohat,  ko-h&t',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  confines  of 
Afghanistan,  capital  of  the  Kohat  district,  25  miles  S.  of 
Peshawer.     Pop.  11,274. 

Kohat,  a  district  of  the  Peshawer  division  of  the  Pun- 
jab, including  an  extensive  valley,  with  beds  of  sulphur 
and  sources  rich  in  petroleum.  Area,  2839  square  miles. 
Capital,  Kohat.     Pop.  145,419. 

Koh> Chang,  ko^-ch&ng',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of 
Siam,  about  2  miles  S.  of  Koh-Kud,  6  miles  long. 

Kohdud,  the  native  name  of  Phookok. 

Koh'Hissar,  Koh-Hisar,  ko'-his^sar',  or  Koh- 
Rasar,  ko^-r&^sar'  (the  "  hill  castle"),  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Mardeen. 

Koh>i-Baba,  ko^-e-b&'bi,  a  mountain-range  of  Af- 
ghanistan, off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh.  Lat. 
34°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  30'  to  68°  30'  E.     Height,  17,640  fee* 

Kohi-Chihulton,  Beloochistan.    See  Chehl-Tan. 

Koh'i-Damaun,  ko^-e-d&-mawn',  or  Koh-i-Dah- 
man,  ko^-e-di-min'  (the  "mountain-skirt"),  a  district  of 
Afghanistan,  N.  of  Cabool,  comprising  a  portion  of  the  S. 
declivity  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh. 

Kohistan,  ko^his-t&n'  (the  "  land  of  mountains"),  is  a 
name  applied  to  the  N.  part  of  Afghanistan,  and  to  several 
portions  of  Beloochistan  and  Persia. 

Koh-Kai«Tai,  ko^-kr-ti',  a  group  of  small  isleta  in 
the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in  lat.  11°  57'  N.,  Ion.  99°  38'  E. 

Koh-Karinj,  ko^-kiViqj',  a  lofty  summit  of  the  Hin- 
doo-Koosh, in  Afghanistan,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  JeU 
alabad,  about  lat.  34°  45'  N.,  Ion.  99°  38'  E. 

Koh-Kohg,  ko^-kSg',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  SO 
miles  S.E.  of  Koh-Kud. 

Koh'Kong,  ko^-kong',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  SUm, 
in  lat.  9°  30'  N.,  Ion.  104°  30'  E. 

Koh-Krah,  ko^-kri',  or  Cara,  k&-r&',  an  ialand  ia 
the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in  lat.  8°  30'  N.,  Ion.  101°  E. 

Koh-Kram,  ko'-kr&m',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Koh-Nok.     Length,  5  miles. 

Koh-Kud,  ko^-kad',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in 
lat.  11°  35'  N.,  Ion.  102°  37'  E. 

Kohlen-Janowitz,  ko'l^n-yi'no-i^its^  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2430. 

Kohlsville,  kSlz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Wis.,  about  25  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Koh-Nok,  ko^-nok',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Koh-See-Chang. 

Koh-Phai,  ko^-fi',  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the 
Gulf  of  Siam,  grouped  around  Cape  Liant,  the  largest  of 
which  are  Koh-San,  Koh-Sam-me-San,  and  Koh-Kah. 

Koh-Phang,  ko^-f&ng',  or  Sancori,  E&n'ko-ree\  an 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Koh-Sama. 

Koh-Rasar,  a  city  of  Turkey.     See  Kob-Hissar. 

Kohren,  ko'r^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Sprottau.     Pop.  1146. 

Koh-Sama,  ko^-s&'mi,  or  Carnam,  kar'n&m',  an 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in  lat.  9°  55'  N.,  Ion.  100°  B. 

Koh-  Samet,  ko^-s&^met',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
in  lat.  12°  30'  N.,  Ion.  101°  37'  E. 

Koh-See-Chang,  or  Koh-Si-Chang,  ko^-see^- 
ofa&ng',  a  larger  and  lesser  island,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf 
of  Siam.     Lat.  of  the  larger,  13°  10'  N. ;   Ion.  100°  69'  E. 

Koh-See-Chang,  a  harbor  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
formed  by  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Koiner's  (koi'n^rz)  Store,  a  post- village  of  Augusta 
CO.,  Va.,  7i  miles  from  Waynesborough.    It  has  2  churches. 

Koisoo,  or  Koison,  koi-soo',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises, 
by  four  principal  heads,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Caucasus, 
and  forms  two  branches,  which  fall  into  the  Caspian. 

Kojetein,  ko'y4-tine\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Prerau.     Pop.  3552. 

Kojuk  (ko^jflk')  Pass,  Afghanistan,  traverses  the 
mountains  between  the  valley  of  Pisheen  and  Candahar. 

Koka,  ko'kfih*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  23  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2258. 

Kokaboni,  ko'k4-bo'nee,  or  Knkabonee,  kfik^&- 
bo'nee,  a  town  of  Bornoo,  on  ihe  right  bank  of  the  Teoo, 
in  lat.  12°  52'  N.,  Ion.  13°  E.     Pop.  5000, 

Kokan,  or  Kokand,  Central  Asia.    See  Khokait. 

Kokchaga,  kok-ch4'g4,  Bolcbaia,  bol-chi'4,  and  Ma* 
itfiiA,  m&-li'&,  two  rivers  of  Russia,  rise  in  Viatka,  flow  6., 
and  join  the  left  bank  of  the  Volca.    Lenicth,  100  milM. 


KOK 


1571 


KON 


Kokel,  ko'kfir  or  ko'k^l,  Great  and  Little,  two  rivers 
»f  Transylvania,  which,  after  a  W.  course  of  upwards  of 
100  miles  each,  unite  at  Balasfalva,  and  the  united  stream 
joins  the  Maros  10  miles  N.  of  Karlsburg. 

Kokelay^  ko-k^h-li',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  E.  coast, 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trincomalee. 

Ko>King,  ko^-king',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Yun- 
Nan,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Ko'komo,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  county  seat  of  Howard 
00.,  is  situated  on  the  Wild  Cat  River  at  the  junction  of 
several  trunk  railroad  lines,  54  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis, 
and  142  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the  principal  city  in 
the  famous  natural  gas  territory  of  Indiana.  It  contains 
10  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  court-house  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $100,000,  a  jail,  a  county  asylum  and  orphans'  home, 
electric  lights  and  street-cars,  a  plate-glass  manufactory 
covering  24  acres  and  employing  1800  men,  and  2  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  4042  ;  in  1890,  8261. 

Koko-Nor,  ko^ko-nor',  Koko-Noor,  ko^ko-noor', 
Koke-Nor^  ko^kfh-nor'  (i.e.,  "  blue  sea"),  or  Tsing- 
Hai)  tsing^-hi',  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  having 
W.  the  Desert  of  Gobi.  Length,  about  70  miles ;  breadth, 
40  miles.  Area,  2040  square  miles.  It  is  salt,  and  has  no 
outlet. 

Kokoora,  Kokoura,  or  Kokura,  ko-koo'r&,  a  mari- 
time town  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  province 
of  Fizen,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nagasaki,  on  the  Strait 
of  Van  der  Capellen.  Lat.  33°  63'  30"  N.  j  Ion.  130"  50'  E. 
Pop.  16,000. 

Koksoak,  Labrador.    See  Caniapuscaw. 

Kokundi,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Kakcndt. 

Kola^  ko'l&,  a  town  of  Russian  Lapland,  335  miles  N.W. 
of  Archangel,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kola  River  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  68°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  E.  Pop.  749.  It 
is  fortified,  and  has  a  good  port. 

Kola^  a  large  peninsula  of  Europe,  forming  the  E.  ex- 
tension of  Russian  Lapland,  and  having  N.E.  the  Arctic 
Ocean  and  S.  the  White  Sea. 

Kol'abahy  a  district  of  India,  Bombay  presidency,  on 
the  W.  coast,  just  S.  of  the  city  of  Bombay.  Area,  1482 
■quare  miles.     Pop.  350,405. 

Kolachi,  India.     See  Ealaichi. 

Koladyne.    See  Aracan  River. 

Kolapoor,  or  Kolhapur,  koMa-poor',  a  native  state 
of  India,  Bombay  presidency.  Lat.'  15°  58'-17°  17'  N.j 
Ion.  73°  47'-74°  46'  E.  Area,  2778  square  miles.  It  is  a 
mountainous  region,  nominally  governed  by  a  rajah,  but 
subject  to  British  authority.  Its  capital,  Kolapoor,  is  185 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay.     Total  pop.  802,691. 

Kolapoor,  or  Kolapur,  a  town  of  the  Amrawutti 
district,  India.     Pop.  6169. 

Kolberg,  Prussia.     See  Colberg. 

Kolding,  or  Colding,  kol'ding,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  Jutland,  10  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Fredericia,  on  an 
inlet  of  the  Little  Belt,  enclosed  by  walls.     Pop.  6400. 

KoldssteiU)  Moravia.     See  Goldensteik. 

Koleah,  ko'le-i,  a  town  of  Algeria,  18  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Algiers.     Pop.  2364. 

KoMeen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Bedford,  Springville  <fc  Owensburg  Railroad. 

Kolemokee  Creek,  Georgia.    See  Colamoka  Creek. 

Kolguev,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Kalocev. 

Koliazin,  Koliasin,  ko-le-4-zeen',  or  Kalasin,  k&- 
li-zeen',  a  town  of  Russia,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tver,  on  the 
Volga.     Pop.  7167. 

Kolikod,  India.    See  Calicut. 

Kolima,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Kolyma. 

Kolin,  or  Neu  Kolin,  noi  ko-leen',  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, circle  of  Kaurzim,  on  the  Elbe,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 35  miles  E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  9473.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  liquor,  &o.  Marshal  Daun  here  defeated 
Frederick  the  Great,  June  18,  1767. 

KOIleda,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Colleda. 

Kollum,  kol'liim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  Fries- 
land,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Dokkum.     Pop.  2380. 

Kolmar,  Germany.     See  Colmar. 

Koln,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Coloonb. 

Kolo,  ko'lo,  a  town  of  Russia,  province  and  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  an  island  in  the  Warta.     Pop.  8112. 

Ko'io,  Kolno,  kol'no,  or  Koljno,  ko'l^-no,  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Poland,  government  and  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Lomza.     Pop.  4672. 

Kolo'ko,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Kansas. 

Kolokythia.    See  Gulp  op  Kolokythia. 

Kolomea,  ko-lo-m4'i,  sometimes  written  Kolomyia, 
*  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Pruth,  112  miles  S.E.  of 
Lemberg.     Pop.  14,839.     It  has  many  potteries. 


Kolomna,  ko-lom'n&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  63  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Moscow,  on  the  Moskva,  near 
its  confluence  with  the  Oka.  Pop.  28,323.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silks  and  woollens. 

Kolos,  ko'losh',  or  Salzgrub,  silts'groob  (Walla- 
chian,  Koahakea,  ko-shi-ki'i?),  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
12  miles  E.  of  Klausenburg.     Pop.  3140. 

Kolosvar,  a  city  of  Transylvania.    See  Klaubenburo. 

Kolouri,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Salauis. 

Kolva,  or  Kolwa,  kol'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
Perm,  and  joins  the  Vishera.     Length,  170  miles. 

Kolyma,  or  Kolima,  ko-le-m&'  or  ko-lee'm&,  a  large 
river  of  Siberia,  rises  by  several  heads  near  lat.  61°  30'  N., 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  700  miles,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean 
by  a  wide  estuary,  near  lat.  69°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  161°  30'  E. 

Koiyvan,  ko-le-vin',  or  Tasheka,  ti'shi-ki\  a  small 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  S.W.  of 
Tomsk,  on  the  Obi,  with  lead-  and  gold-mines.     Pop.  3418. 

Koiyvan,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Revel. 

Koiyvan  Mountains,  a  spur  of  the  Lesser  AltaL 

Koraarno,  ko-maR'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sambor.     Pop.  3689. 

Komarom,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Comorn. 

Korahar'sen,  or  Komar'sen,  a  hill-state  of  India, 
near  the  Sutlej,  with  a  capital  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  31° 
19°  N.,  Ion.  77°  30'  E.  Total  area,  about  60  square  miles. 
The  summers  are  very  warm,  and  the  winters  severe. 

Komi  OS,  komMosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  5491. 

Kommotau,  or  Komotau,  kom'mo-tow\  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Saaz.  Pop.  7422.  It  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
tons, woollens,  chemicals,  spirits,  <fcc. 

Komorn,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Couorn. 

Komo'ka,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  10  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
has  a  good  trade  in  grain  and  country  produce.     Pop.  600. 

Komstad,  kdm'stad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  S.D., 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Yankton. 

Komuldsina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Guuoorjeena. 

Kon'bo,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel,  in 
Lapland,  discharges  itself  into  the  Gulf  of  Kandalaska  by 
two  outlets,  one  at  its  S.E.  and  one  at  its  N.W.  extremity. 
It  is  about  25  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad. 

Kon'da,  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  174  square  miles.     Pop.  29,590. 

Kon^ewock',  a  post-office  of  Yakima  oo.,  Washington, 
on  the  Yakima  River,  84  miles  N.W.  of  Wallula. 

Kong,  a  town  of  Africa,  500  miles  S.  of  Timbuctoo. 

Konganoli,  k5n-ga-no'le,  a  town  of  India,  Belgaum 
district.     Pop.  5143. 

Kong- Chang,  kong^ching',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kan-Soo.     Lat.  35°  N. ;  Ion.  104°  30'  E. 

Kongen,  kong'§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  2056. 

Kong-Ko-To,  the  Chinese  for  Zaisan. 

Kong  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  of  Africa,  com- 
mencing 200  miles  S.E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  9" 
20'  W.,  and  stretching  E.  through  the  Mandingo  country, 
along  the  N.  frontier  of  Ashantee,  and  across  Dahomey. 
Height,  probably  not  above  2500  feet.  They  contain  gran- 
ite and  ironstone;  but  little  is  known  regarding  them. 

Kongsberg,  kongs'b^RO  {"  king's  mountain"),  a  town 
of  Norway,  45  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Christiania,  on 
the  Lauwen.  It  has  a  school  of  mines,  a  royal  manufac- 
tory of  arms  and  powder,  smelting-works  for  silver  and 
cobalt,  and  manufactures  of  cloth,  iron,  toys,  cotton  goods, 
Ac.  The  silver-mine  of  Kongsberg,  discovered  in  1623,  is 
the  most  important  in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  4800. 

Kongs'oerg,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Minn. 

Kongsvinger,  kongs'ving-fr,  a  mountain-fortress  of 
Norway,  stift  of  Aggershuus,  amt  of  Hedemarken,  beside 
the  Glommen,  45  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Christiania. 

Konicz,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Kaunitz. 

Konieh,  ko'ne-^h,  Konia,  Koniah,  or  Koniyeh, 
ko'ne-a  or  ko'ne-y^h  (anc.  Ico'nium),  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
capitol  of  the  vilayet  of  Konieh.  Lat.  37°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  32° 
40'  E.  Pop.  40,000.  Its  walls,  which  are  from  2  to  3  milej 
in  circumference,  were  built  with  materials  of  ancient  edi- 
fices, by  the  Seljook  sultans,  whose  capital  it  was  in  the 
twelfth  century.  The  most  remarkable  building  is  the  In  - 
jemi  Minareh  Djami,  with  exquisite  tracery,  fret- work,  and 
mouldings.  It  has  numerous  other  mosques,  some  colleges^ 
Armenian  churches,  public  baths,  khans,  extensive  suburbs, 
a  fortified  palace,  with  some  massive  Arabic  architecture, 
and  some  manufactures  of  carpets  and  colored  leather.  It 
is  noted  for  its  great  numbers  of  dervishes. 


KON 


m2 


KOO 


Kdnig,  a  German  word,  signifying  "  king,"  forms  a  part 
♦f  numerous  names  in  Central  Europe,  as  Konigsberg, 
"King's  Mountain,"  KSnigsbach,  "King's  Brook,"  Ac. 

K5niggr^tz,  ko'niG-grflts\  a  fortified  town  of  Austria, 
in  Bohemia,  64  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Prague,  on  the  Elbe. 
Pop.  5493.  Chief  edifices,  a  cathedral,  Jesuits'  church,  and 
episcopal  palace.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop-suffragan  of 
Prague,  and  has  a  seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufac- 
tures of  organs,  gloves,  and  candles. 

Konigheim,  k8'niG-hime\  a  town  of  Baden,  3  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bischofsheim.     Pop.  1838. 

Konightttte,  ko'niG-hutH^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  15  miles  S.S.B.  of  Clausthal.  It  has  important 
iron-works,  which  employ  500  persons. 

Koniginhof,  ko'niG-in-hor,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Koniggratz,  on  the  Elbe.  Pop.  6222. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  linen  fabrics,  and  leather. 

Konigsaal,  ko'niG-sir,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Moldau,  7  miles  S.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1618. 

KOnigsbach,  ko'niGs-biK^  a  town  of  Baden,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Carlsruhe,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2033. 

Konigsberg,  ko'niGs-b5BG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  4093. 

Kdnigsberg,  ko'nios-bSRQ^  or  Uj>Banya,  oo'ee- 
bJln'y5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  B^os,  on  the  Gran,  24 
m'iles  E.N.E.  of  Neutra.    Pop.  4490. 

Konigsberg,  or  Koenigsberg,  kSn'igz-bfirg  (Ger. 

Eron.  ko'niGs-bfiRG^ ;  L.  Mons  Re'giua  ;  Polish,  Krolewiecz, 
ro-l4've-4tch^),  a  fortified  city  of  East  Prussia,  and  capi- 
tal of  the  government  of  the  same  name,  at  the  junction  of 
numerous  railways,  338  miles  N.E.  of  Berlin,  and  on  the 
Pregel,  5  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Frische-Haff.  Lat. 
54°  42' 8"  N. ;  lOn.  20°  30' 2"  E.  P.  (1890)  161,528.  Itwaa 
once  the  capital  of  Prussia,  and  the  residence  of  the  Elec- 
tors of  Brandenburg,  and  ranks  as  the  third  city  in  the 
Prussian  dominions.  It  is  one  of  the  most  strongly  forti- 
fied towns  in  the  world.  It  consists  of  the  town  proper  and 
of  four  suburbs.  The  former  is  divided  into  three  parts, — ^the 
Altstadt,  or  Old  Town,  situated  on  the  W.,  Lobenicht  on  the 
E.,  and  Kneiphof,  situated  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Pre- 
gel, which,  before  entering  the  town  from  the  E.,  divides 
into  two  arms.  The  communication  between  the  island  and 
the  opposite  banks  is  kept  up  by  bridges.  The  principal 
edifices  are  the  royal  castle,  built  in  1257 ;  the  former  fort- 
ress of  Priedrichsburg,  now  used  as  a  store ;  the  exchange, 
built  in  1624;  the  town  house;  the  cathedral,  built  in  1332, 
with  tombs  of  the  grand  masters  of  the  Teutonic  order  and 
of  the  Dukes  of  Prussia;  citadel,  exchange,  and  theatre. 
The  university,  founded  in  1554  by  the  Margrave  Albert, 
and  hence  called  the  Albertine,  has  a  library  of  more  than 
250,000  volumes,  a  zoological  museum,  and  other  valuable 
collections,  an  observatory  which  the  labors  of  Bessel  have 
rendered  famous,  and  a  botanic  garden.  There  are,  besides, 
2  theological  seminaries,  3  gymnasia,  schools  of  art  and 
architecture,  and  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  asylums.  The 
manufactures  comprise  woollens,  cottons,  linens,  silks,  soap, 
tobacco,  leather,  starch,  sealing-wax,  and  refined  sugar. 
The  Pregel  has  a  bar  across  its  mouth,  with  not  more  than 
from  5  to  6  feet  of  water ;  large  vessels  bound  for  Konigs- 
berg land  at  Pilau,  which  is  its  port.  The  trade,  notwith- 
standing a  considerable  decline,  is  still  important.  The 
ehief  exports  are  wheat,  rye,  barley,  pulse,  flax,  hemp,  rape- 
■eed,  oil-cake,  bones,  timber,  wool,  mats,  and  feathers.     'The 

Erincipal  imports  are  colonial  produce,  iron  in  pigs  and 
ars,  coal,  ootton-wool,  cotton  twist,  wine,  spirits,  and  un- 
refined Bugar.  KSnigsberg  was  founded  in  1255,  in  1365 
became  a  member  of  the  Hanseatic  League,  in  1626  was 
surrounded  with  walls,  and  in  1657  received  a  strong  ad- 
ditional defence  in  the  citadel  "of  Priedrichsburg. 

Kdnigsberg,  a  government  of  East  Prussia,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Baltic.  Area,  8145  square  miles.  P.  1,101,647. 
KOnigsberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 41  miles  N.  of  Prankfort-on-the-Oder.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  several  courts  and  public  offices,  2  churches,  a  court- 
house, a  gymnasium,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  6350. 

Kdnigsbriick,  ko'nios-bruk^  or  Kunsberg,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  2020. 

Kdnigsee,  ko'niG-si\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarz- 
burg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Rhine,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rudol- 
stadt.     Pop.  2486. 

Kttnigsee,orBartholoman88ee,baR-tol'o-mi'oo8- 

ai,  a  lake  in  the  S.E.  of  Bavaria.     Length,  5  miles. 

KOnigsegg,  ko'niG-sftgg\  K5nigseck,  k8'nia-s5k\ 
or  Knmzak,  koom'zik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  with  a  fine 
vjhuroh  and  school,  31  miles  S.B.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2489. 

Kdnigsfeld,  ko'niG8-f«lt\  or  Nendorf,  noi'doRf,  a 
village  of  Moravia,  2  mila»  N.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  1407. 


Kduigshain,  ko'niGS-hin\  a  village  of  Prussian  Sile* 
sia,  51  miles  W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1280. 

Konigshofen,  kS'niGs-ho^f^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  1306. 

Kdnigshofen,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  2764. 

Konigshofen-im-Grabfelde;  ko'niGs-ho^ffn-im- 
grib'ffil-deh,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  44  miles  N.B. 
of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2029. 

Konigshiitte,  ko'niGs-hiitH^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  on  a  railway,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oppeln.  It  has 
large  iron-  and  zinc-works,  coal-mines,  and  renowned  min- 
eral baths.     Pop.  26,040. 

Konigsl utter,  ko'niGs-lSStH^r,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helmstedt,  on  the 
Lutter.  Pop.  2554.  It  has  an  ancient  Benedictine  church, 
with  monuments  to  the  Emperor  Lothaire  II.,  to  his  em- 
press, and  to  Henry  of  Bavaria,  <fcc. 

Kdiiigst^dtl,  ko'niG-stdttT,  or  Wiestetz>Kra- 
lowy,  ♦e-fis'tfits-kriL-lo've,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2207. 

K5nigstein,  kS'niG-stlne^  {i.e.,  "  king's  rock"),  a  town 
of  Saxony,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Elbe.  Pop.  3261.  It  has  a  fortress  situated  on  a  rock, 
450  feet  high,  and  one  of  the  few  in  Europe  never  yet  taken. 
The  royal  treasures  are  usually  deposited  here  during  war. 

Kdnigstein,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Nassau,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1361. 

Konigswald,  ko'niGs-^&It\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Erlau,  10  miles  from  Tetschen.     Pop.  1510, 

Konigswalde,  ko'niGs-w&PdQh,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
government  of  Frankfort,  near  Sternberg.     Pop.  1564. 

Konigswalde,  a  village  of  Saxony,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  2549. 

KonigSAVarth,  ko'niGs-waRt\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  with  mineral  springs.  Pop.  1767. 
Its  noble  castle,  the  property  of  Prince  Mettemich,  contains 
a  splendid  collection  of  works  of  art. 

Kdnigswinter,  kS'niGs-^in^t^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  2566. 

Kouin,  ko'nin,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  and 
33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  8144. 

Koningshoyckt,  ko'ning8-hoikt\  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2103. 

Konis'ka,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  McLeodco.,  Minn., 
on  the  South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  60  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Konitz,  ko'nit«,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2022. 

Konitz,  or  Choynica,  Koy-neet'si,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
58  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.  It  has  a  gymnasium 
and  manufactures  of  cloth  and  linen.     Pop.  8046. 

Koniyeh,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Konieh. 

Kdniz,  ko'nits,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Bern,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  6386. 

Konkair,  a  town  of  India.    See  Conkair. 

Konnern,  kSn'n^rn,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Connerm 

Konniaga,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.    See  Kanaga. 

Konnon  Kondore,  kon^non'  kon-dor',  an  island  in 
the  China  Sea,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Anam.  Lat.  8°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  105°  55'  E. 

Konotop,  ko-no-top',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  96  miles  E.  of  Chernigov,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  9946. 

Konovits,  or  KonowitS)  ko'no-vits^  an  island  of 
Russia,  in  Finland,  near  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Konradsreuth^or  Conradsrenth,  kon'r&ds-roit\  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1786. 

Konskaiay  kon-ski'&,  a  river  of  Russia,  flows  W.,  and 
enters  the  Dniester  at  Nikopol,  after  a  W.  course  of  130 
miles. 

Konskie,  konsk'yi,  Konski,  kon'skee,  or  Konsk, 
a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Radom. 
It  has  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  Ac.  Pop. 
4343. 

Konstadt,  kon'st&tt,  or  Wotczin,  votch-een',  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oppeln.     P.  2341. 

Konstantinogorsk.    See  CoNSTAirriNOGORSK. 

Konstantinograd.     See  Constantinoobad. 

Konstantinow.    See  Constantinov. 

Konstanz,  a  lake  and  city  of  Baden.     See  Constance. 

Kontwig,  or  Contwig,  kont'^io,  a  village  of  Bava- 
ria, about  3  miles  E.  of  Deux-Ponts.     Pop.  1413. 

Kooba*  Kouba,  or  Kuba,  koo'bi,  a  fortified  town 
of  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  province  of  Bakoo,  on  the  S. 
side  of  a  river  of  its  own  name,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Derbend. 
Pop.  13,062. 

Kooban,  Kouban,  or  Kuban,  koo-b&n'  (ana. 
Hyp'anii  f),  a  river  of  South  Russia,  rises  near  Mount  EI- 


KOO 


1573 


KOO 


brooz,  receives  numerous  affluents  from  the  Caucasian  moan- 
tuin-chain,  and,  after  a  generally  W.  course  estimated  at 
380  miles,  enters  the  Bay  of  Kooban,  on  the  Black  Sea,  20 
miles  N.  of  Anapa. 

Kooban,  or  KubaUf  a  district  or  government  of  Bns- 
sia,  in  Ciscaucasia,  bounded  W.  by  the  Sea  of  Azov,  and 
bordering  to  some  extent  on  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  37,168 
square  miles.  Capital,  Yekaterinodar.  Chief  town,  Teisk. 
Its  people  are  largely  Cossacks.    Estimated  pop.  1,241,363. 

Koobina)  Koubina,  or  Kubina,  koo-bee'n4,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  a  small  lake  in  the  W.  part  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Vologda,  and  falls,  by  two  mouths,  into  Lake 
Koobinskoe.     Length,  170  miles. 

Koobinskoe,  Koubiuskoe,  or  Kubinskoe,  koo- 
bin'sko-i\  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  S.W.  of  the  government 
of  Vologda.     Length,  45  miles. 

Koofa,  Koufa,  or  Kufa,  koo'fi,  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  88  miles  S.  of  Bagdad,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Euphrates.  The  ancient  Arabic  characters 
called  Ctific  take  their  name  from  this  town. 

Koofo,  koo'fo,  a  town  of  Africa,  52  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Kano,  surrounded  by  a  double  wall.     Pop.  20,000. 

Koog-aan-de-Zaan,  yMQ-ka-^k-%kn,or'De'Koo%, 
i.k  koQ,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam,  on  the  Zaan.     Pop.  2292. 

Kooka,  Kouka,  or  Kuka,  koo'k&,  or  Kookawa, 
a  town  of  Africa,  former  capital  of  Bornoo,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  Lake  Chad.  It  consists  of  two  regular  oblong  towns, 
each  walled,  of  which  the  smaller  and  eastern  one  contains 
a  palace  of  the  sultan.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Kookewaree,  India.     See  Kukewari. 

Kookoo-Kota,  Koukou-Kota,  koo'koo-ko't&,  or 
Khoton,  ko-ton',  a  town  of  Mongolia,  50  miles  N.W.  of 
the  Great  Wall  of  China.     Lat.  40°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  111°  15'  E. 

Kooldja,  or  Kuldsha,  kool'ja,  also  written  Gnld- 
scha,  formerly  called  £elee  or  Hi,  ee'lee,  a  district  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  forming  the  western  portion  of  Soon- 
garia.  From  1870  to  1881  it  was  a  Russian  province.  It  is 
a  mountainous  region,  traversed  by  the  river  Eelee.  Area, 
23,130  square  miles.  Capital,  Kooldja.  Pop.  70,000.  A 
small  part  (4357  square  miles)  is  still  retained  by  Russia. 

Kooldja,  or  Eelee  (Chinese,  Nin-  Yuan,  nin-yoo-in'), 
a  town,  capital  of  the  Kooldja  district,  on  the  river  Eelee. 
Lat.  43°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  25'  E.  Twenty-five  miles  to  the 
W.  is  the  rained  town  of  New  Kooldja. 

Koolfo,  Konlfo,  or  Knlfo,  kool'fo^  a  town  of  West 
Africa,  in  Nyff6,  220  miles  S.W.  of  Kano,  on  the  Mayarrow, 
about  lat.  10°  10'  N.,  Ion.  6°  45'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
high  wall.     Pop.  about  16,000. 

Koolkoon,  South  Asia.    See  Kuen-Lun. 

Kooloi,  Kouloi,  or  Kuloi,  koo-loi',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, falls  into  the  Bay  of  Mezen,  in  the  White  Sea.  Total 
course,  150  miles. 

Kooloo,  a  district  in  India.     See  Cooloo. 

Koom,  Khoom,  Khoum,  or  Kum,  a  decayed  city 
of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Te- 
heran. Pop.  8000.  It  is  surrounded  by  extensive  ruins, 
and  has  a  college  and  a  mosque. 

Kooma,  Kouma,  or  Kuma,  koo'mi,  a  river  of  South 
Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  enters  the  Caspian  about  135  miles 
S.W.  of  Astrakhan,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  300  miles. 

Koomabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Khcrruuabad. 

Koomamotoo,  or  Kumamotu,  koo^m&-mo-too',  a 
town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  50  miles  E.  of  Naga- 
saki.    Pop.  in  1884,  41,317  ;  in  1892,  56,618. 

Koome>Shah,  Koumi-Chah,  koo^mee-shi',  or 
Koom  "Shah,  koom-sh&,  a  town  of  Persia,  Irak-Ajemee, 
50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ispahan,  enclosed  by  walls.  Pop.  4000, 
who  weave  and  dye  cotton  goods. 

Koonasheer,  Kounashir,  or  Kunashir,  koo-n&- 
sheer',  one  of  the  South  Kooril  Islands,  close  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Yesso,  Japan.  Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  44°  29'  N. ; 
Ion.  146°  8'  E.  It  is  about  70  miles  long,  and  25  miles 
broad.     It  is  thinly  inhabited. 

Koonawar,  Himalaya.     See  Khoonawur. 

Koonawnr,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kunawur. 

Koonch,  koonch,  a  town  of  India,  Jhansee  division,  67 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Gwalior.     Pop.  14,841. 

Koondooz.    See  Khoondooz. 

Kooner,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Kama. 

Kooneshur,  a  village  of  Russia.    See  Shamaka,  Old. 

Koongoor,  Koungour,  or  Knngur,  koong^goor',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  near  the  confluence 
of  the  Iren  and  Sylva,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Perm.  It  has  fine 
churches,  a  convent,  soap-works,  and  tanneries,  and  a  con- 
siderable trade  in  corn.  Near  it  are  fine  quarries  of  alabas- 
ter and  some  remarkable  grottos.     Pop.  10,804. 


Koonia,  Konnia,  or  Kunia,  koon'yfi,,  a  river  cf 
Russia,  joins  the  Lovat  after  a  N.  course  of  100  miles. 

Koopiansk,  Koupiansk,  or  Kupiansk,  koo-pe- 
&nsk',  written  also  Kupensk,  koo-pinsk',  a  town  of  Rot* 
sia,  on  the  Oskol,  government  and  61  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khar- 
kov.    Pop.  4247. 

Koor,  Kour,  or  Kur,  koor  (anc.  Cyrua),  the  principal 
river  of  Transcaucasia,  flows  mostly  E.S.E.,  and  enters  the 
Caspian  100  miles  S.W.  of  Bakoo,  after  a  course  estimated 
at  520  miles.  The  chief  affluents  are  the  Aras  {Araxet), 
Alazan,  and  Yora  or  Yoree. 

Kooranko,  a  territory  of  Africa.    See  Koranko. 

Koordistan,  Kourdistan,  or  Knrdistan,  i.e.,  the 
"country  of  the  Koords"  (anc.  Cordue'ne  or  Gordye'ne; 
the  country  of  the  Gardu'ehi),  an  extensive  region  of 
West  Asia,  mostly  between  lat.  34°  and  38°  N.  and  Ion.  42<* 
and  47°  E.,  and  shared  between  Turkey  and  Persia,  Turk- 
ish Koordistan  being  mostly  comprised  in  the  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  and  Persian  Koordistan  in  the  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee.  Area,  estimated  at  500,000  square  miles,  but  its 
limits  are  ill  defined.  Pop.  3,000,000,  of  which  four-fiftha 
are  Koords.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  especially  in  the 
N.,  where  Mount  Bisutoon  rises  to  12,000  feet.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Tigris  and  the  Zab  Aid,  Zab  Asfel,  and 
Dialah,  its  affluents.  Cattle-rearing  is  the  chief  occupation 
of  the  population,  and  large  numbers  of  sheep  and  goats 
are  annually  transported  hence  to  Constantinople,  Aleppo, 
<fco.  The  Turkish  are  more  settled  in  their  habits  than  the 
Persian  Koords ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  the  population 
wander  in  hordes  over  the  country,  which  is  very  imper- 
fectly subjected  to  either  the  Turkish  or  Persian  sovereigns. 
They  are  a  stout,  dark  race,  well  formed,  with  dark  hair, 
small  eyes,  wide  mouth,  and  a  fierce  look.  Almost  every 
man  is  mounted,  and  is  provided  either  with  javelins  about 
3  feet  9  inches  long,  or  a  bow  of  horn  nearly  6  feet  long 
and  a  well-supplied  leathern  quiver.  The  sling,  which 
Xenophon  saw  when  he  passed  through  the  country,  is  still 
in  use.  The  language  is  of  the  same  stock  as  the  modern 
Persian.  The  great  body  of  the  Koords  are  Mohammedans. 
The  women,  unlike  those  of  most  other  Asiatic  nations,  are 
said  to  be  treated  with  much  respect,  while  marriage  is  re- 
garded as  sacred.  The  Koords  were  known  to  the  ancients 
under  the  name  of  Carduchi.  The  population  of  the  Turk- 
ish portion  of  Koordistan  is  supposed  by  Chesney  to  exceed 
2,500,000.  The  principal  towns  are  Arbil,  Altoon-Kupree, 
and  Kerkook. Adj.  Koor'dish  ;  inhab.  Koord. 

Koorgan,  or  Kurgan,  koor^gin',  a  town  of  Western 
Siberia,  on  the  Tobol,  200  miles  above  Tobolsk.    Pop.  6120. 

Koorghi-Nor,  a  lake  of  Asia.    See  Alaktoo-Kool. 

Kooril,  Kouril,  or  Kuril  (koo'ril)  Islands,  a 
group  of  about  25  islands  in  the  North  Pacific,  extending 
from  Kamchatka  to  Japan,  of  which  latter  they  form  a  part, 
between  lat.  43°  40'  and  57  N.  and  Ion.  145°  and  156°  B. 
They  extend  in  length  more  than  700  miles.  Total  esti- 
mated area,  3070  square  miles.  The  population  is  uncer- 
tain, but  small.  The  surface  is  very  irregular.  There  are 
many  volcanic  mountains,  some  rising  to  6000  feet  in  ele- 
vation. The  inhabitants  are  partly  Kamchadales,  and 
partly  AYnos  (i'noce),  a  tribe  which  appears  to  belong  to  the 
same  race  as  the  aborigines  and  peasantry  of  Japan.  They 
live  mostly  by  hunting  and  fishing,  the  products  of  which 
they  barter  to  Russian,  American,  Japanese,  and  Dutch 
traders.    The  chief  islands  are  Itooroop,  Koonasheer,  Para- 

moosheer,  Ooroop,  and  Amakootan. Inhab.  Koorilian 

(Kurilian),  koo-ril'e-an. 

Koorin'ga,  a  town  of  South  Australia,  90  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Adelaide.  Near  it  are  the  rich  Burra-Burra  copper- 
mines. 

Koor-Kara-Oosson.    See  Sooi-Chino-Bao. 

Koornagallee,  a  town  of  Ceylon.    See  Kornboai^ 

Koorsk,  Koursk,  or  Kursk,  kooRsk,  a  government 
in  the  S.  of  European  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  Voronezh,  S. 
by  Kharkov,  W.  by  Chernigov,  and  N.  by  Orel.  Area, 
17,382  square  miles.  Pop.  2,314,300.  The  surface  is  flat, 
or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  nearly  all  occu- 
pied in  agriculture.  The  manufactures  comprise  coarse 
woollens,  leather,  tallow,  soap,  saltpetre,  and  pottery.  It  is 
the  most  densely  populated  of  any  government  in  Russia. 

Koorsk,  Koursk,  or  Kursk,  a  city  of  Russia,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  government,  situated  on  the  Seim,  290  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Moscow.  Pop.  45,370.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  Greek  bishop,  and  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  theological 
seminary.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  wax,  and  tallow, 
and  an  active  commerce. 

Koorta  Argish,  Kurta  (or  Knrtea)  Argish, 
koor't&  ar^ghish'  (Fr.  Gorte  d'Argit,  Kort  dar^zhees'),  a  town 
and  bishop's  see  of  Roumania,  18  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Rimnik. 


KOO 


1574 


KOR 


Koorthul)  or  Karthul,  koorHhul',  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  of  Meerut,  North-West  Provinces,  40  miles 
N.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7972. 

Koos,  Kons,  or  Kus,  Egypt.    See  Ghoos. 

Koose^  or  Koosa,  a  river  of  India.     See  Cosi. 

Kooshan,  Koushan,  or  Kushan,  koo^shin',  one  of 
the  most  frequented  passes  across  the  Hindoo-Koosh  from 
Afghanistan  into  Toorkistan.  Lat.  35°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  68"  55' 
B.     Its  summit  is  estimated  to  be  15,000  feet  in  height. 

Koosharem,  a  post-oflaee  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah. 

Kooshk,  kooshk,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  joins  the 
Moorghaub  in  lat.  36°  16'  N.  and  Ion.  62°  32'  B.,  after  a 
oourse  of  about  130  miles. 

Koosh'tia,  or  Kushtia,  Koosh'te-a,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, Nuddea  district,  on  the  Ganges,  100  miles  by  railway 
N.N.E.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  hospital  and  dispensary,  and 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  9245. 

Koosima,  Japanese  Archipelago.     See  Coosiha. 

Kooskovime,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Kuskoquim. 

Koosnetsk,  Kouznetsk,  Kasnetsk,  or  Knz- 
netzk,  koos-nStsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government 
of  Tomsk,  150  miles  B.N.E.  of  Barnaul.    Pop.  2120. 

Koota,  Kouta^  or  Kuta^  koo'ti,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
in  Irkootsk,  joins  the  Lena.     Length,  220  miles. 

Kootaiah,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kutaieh. 

Kootais,  Koutais,  Kutais,  koo-tis',  or  Kotais, 
ko-tis'  (ano.  Gotatia  ?),  the  capital  town  of  the  government 
of  Kootais,  as  formerly  of  Imeritia,  Russian  Transcaucasia, 
65  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Poti,  on  the  Rion.     Pop.  12,165. 

Kootais,  or  Kutais,  a  government  of  Russia,  in 
Transcaucasia,  comprising  a  part  of  the  old  provinces  of 
Mingrelia  and  Imeritia,  bounded  W.  by  the  Black  Sea. 
Area,  8012  square  miles.     Capital,  Kootais.     Pop.  570,691. 

Kootchook  Mender.    See  Cayster. 

Kootenai,  kooHe-nd.',  the  most  northern  county  of 
Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Clarke's  Fork  of  the  Columbia 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kootenai  River.  Area,  5600 
square  miles.    Capital,  Rathdrum.     Pop.  in  1890,  4108, 

Kootenai,  Kootanie,  Flat  Bow,  or  AlacGil- 
livray  River,  rises  in  British  Columbia,  on  the  W.  slope 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs  southward  into  Missoula 
CO.,  Montana,  then,  bending  westward,  returns  into  British 
Columbia,  in  which  it  flows  northwestward  and  enters  the 
Columbia  River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles. 

Kootubdea,  or  Kutabdia,  kooHub-de'a,  a  low,  level 
island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  W.  of  the  Chittagong  coast, 
with  a  light-house,  lat.  21°  56'  30"  N.,  Ion.  93°  45'  E.  It 
was  formerly  populous,  but  it  is  now  almost  unpeopled. 

Kooz'nets,  Konznets,  or  Kusnetzk,  koos-nJtsk', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Saratov.     Pop.  14,185. 

Ko^pagunge',  or  Gopiganj,  go^pt-gunj',  a  town  of 
India,  25  miles  W.  of  Benares.     Pop.  6086. 

Ko^pal',  a  town  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  government  of 
Semiretchensk,  about  125  miles  N.W.  of  Kooldja.     P.  4339. 

Kopcseny,  kopVhiii',  or  Kitsee,  kit'sA\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Wieselburg,  4  miles  from  Presburg. 

Kop'el,  or  Marysville,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  0., 
in  Marion  township,  17  miles  from  Versailles,  and  about  54 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  305. 

Kopenick,  ko'p^h-nik*,  or  Kopnik,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Brandenburg,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Spree  and 
Dahme,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Berlin.  It  has  an  old  royal 
palace,  now  used  as  a  military  depot.     Pop.  7113. 

Kopidino,  ko-pe-dee'no,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  1577. 

Koping,  cho'ping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Westerfts,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Malar  Lake, 
on  a  railway.     Pop.  1867. 

Kopparberg,  Sweden.    See  Falun. 

Kopreinitz,  ko'pri-nits\  or  Kopreinicza,  ko'pri- 
nit'si  (Hun.  Kapronaa,  kSh^pront'sSh^),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, Croatia,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Warasdin.     Pop.  6684. 

Koprili,  ko-pree'lee,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  23  miles  S.  of  Uskup.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Koptos,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Kuft. 

Kopal,  ko-piil',  or  CopanI,  ko-pawl',  a  town  of  India, 
presidency  of  Bombay,  130  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kumool. 

Kopurthella,  India.    See  Kapoorthella. 

Kopyl,  ko-pil',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  65 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1060. 

Kopya,  ko-pis',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30 
miles  N.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  1860. 

Koramas,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Korang'amite  Lake,  in  the  S.W.  of  the  county  of 
Grenville,  Victoria,  Australia,  is  18  miles  long  and  4  miles 
in  average  breadth,  and  together  with  the  Little  Koranga- 


mite,  which  is  a  pendant  to  the  larger  lake,  it  is  estimated 
to  have  an  area  of  80  square  miles.  Its  waters  are  in- 
tensely  salt.  In  summer  the  level  of  the  lake  is  lower  than 
in  winter,  and  the  exposed  surface  is  covered  with  salt. 

Koranko,  ko-r&n'ko,  or  Kooranko,  koo-r&n'ko,  a 
territory  of  West  Africa,  E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  between  lat. 
8°  20'  and  9°  20'  N.,  Ion.  9°  40'  and  11°  30'  W.  Of  this 
region  very  little  is  known. 

Korassan,  a  province  of  Persia.     See  Khorassan. 

Korat,  ko^rit',  a  town  of  Indo-China,  138  miles  N.E.  of' 
Bangkok,  and  capital  of  a  small  state  of  the  same  name.  It 
stands  on  a  high  spot  of  difficult  access.  Pop.  7000.  The 
state  has  60,000  inhabitants. 

Korbach,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Corbach. 

Kor'bel's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  la 
on  the  Fulton  A  Guerneville  Railroad,  at  Korbel's  Station, 
74  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.     Here  is  a  saw-mill. 

Korbers,  the  German  for  CorbiIres. 

Kordofan,  kor-do-fin',  a  country  of  Africa,  forming  a 
province  of  Egyptian  Soodan,  mostly  between  lat.  11°  and 
16°  N.  and  Ion.  28°  and  32°  E.,  having  on  the  E.  Sennaar 
and  on  the  W.  Darfoor.  The  Bahr-el-Abiad  forms  part  of 
its  E.  limit.  Formerly  many  slaves  were  sent  from  it  into 
Egypt ;  but  this  trade  appears  to  have  been  checked.  The 
inhabitants  consist  of  the  negroes  or  aborigines,  the  Arabs 
or  free  people,  and  those  who  have  emigrated  from  Dongola, 
The  Dongolawee  are  the  most  opulent,  and  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  export  trade  is  in  their  hands.  The  country  is  gen- 
erally level.  Gums,  oil-seeds,  durra,  and  cotton  are  staple 
products.  Kordofan  was  subdued  by  Mohammed  Alee  in 
1820.  Principal  town.  El  Obeid.  Pop.  278,740,  of  whom 
114,000  are  nomadio. 

Korea,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Corea. 

Kore'a,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor,  lat. 
81°  68'  16"-82°  48'  16"  E.,  Ion.  22°  65'  60"-23°  49'  15" 
N.,  entirely  surrounded  by  other  small  native  states.  Area, 
1631  square  miles.  It  is  a  broken  sandstone  plateau  with 
large  forests.  It  is  governed  by  a  rajah,  tributary  to  the 
British.  Capital,  Souhat,  a  small  village.    Total  pop.  21,127. 

Koree,koVee',  the  easternmost  arm  of  the  Indus  River, 
at  its  delta,  dividing  Sinde  from  Cutch.  Lat.  23°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  68°  25'  E.  Its  mouth,  7  miles  in  width,  is  navigable 
16  miles  to  Cotasir. 

Korelia,  a  district  of  Russia.     See  Karelia. 

Koremoz,  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Korenicsa,  or  Korenitsa,  ko-r4-nee'chft,  Obbr, 
o'b§r,  and  Unter,  63n'ter,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages 
of  Croatia,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carlstadt.     Pop.  4628. 

Korennaia,  ko-rfin-ni'i,  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Koorsk,  with  a  convent  and 
one  of  the  largest  fairs  in  Russia. 

Korgo,  kor'go,  a  small  island  in  the  Persian  Gnlf,  2 
miles  N.  of  Karak.     Lat.  29°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  17'  E. 

Koritschan,  ko-reet-shin',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brlinn.     Pop.  1750. 

Kork,  koRk,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig,  8  milef 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1059. 

Korlin,  koR-loen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Koslin.     Pop.  3157. 

Kdrmocz  Banya,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Krehnitz. 

Kormond,  or  Koermoend,  koR^mond',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Pinka 
with  the  Raab,  15  miles  S.  of  Stein-am-Anger.  It  has  a 
magnificent  old  castle.     Pop.  3937. 

Korna,  kor'ni,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Kornegal,  kor-n4-gil',  Kornegaile,  or  Koorna- 
gallee,  koor-na-g&l'lee,  also  called  Kurnnegala,  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Colombo.  It  is  sur 
rounded  by  woods.   Pop.  3682 ;  of  Kornegal  district,  207,891. 

Kornelimiinster,  kor-ni'lee-miinVt?r,  Kornelins- 
mtinster,kor-ni'lee-6fl8-miin^8t§r,  orKornelmiinster, 
koR'n§l-miin^st§r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles  S.B. 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  of  commune,  2907. 

Kornenburg,  koR'noi^bSono,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vienna,  and  on  the 
railway  to  Stockerau.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  and 
manufactures  of  carpets  and  wine.     Pop.  4266. 

Kornhaus,  konn'hSwss,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1179. 

Koro,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.     See  Goro. 

Ko'ro,  a  post-ofiice  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis. 

Korolevetz,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Krolevets. 

Ko'ron,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  on  the  Gnlf 
of  Koron,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Gallo.  Pop.  3382.  See 
Gulf  of  Koron. 


KOR 


1575 


KOS 


Koronowo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Krone. 

Korop',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  SO  miles  E. 
of  Chernigov,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  5381. 

Kdros,  koVosh',  a  river  of  Hungary,  rises  by  several 
heads  in  Transylvania,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  200 
miles,  joins  the  Theiss  at  Csongrad. 

Koros,  Hungary.    See  Kis-Kobos  and  Naqy-Kobos. 

Korotayak,  Korotaiak,  Korottuak)  ko-ro-t&- 
j&k',  or  Korotoiak,  a  town  of  Ilussia,  government  and 
48  miles  S.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  8620. 

Korotcha,  ko-ro'ob&,  or  Karotcha,  k&-ro'oh&,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk. 
Pop.  6563.     It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  churches. 

ICorpo,  koR'po,  an  island  of  Finland,  laen  and  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Abo,  in  the  Baltic.     Circuit  about  18  miles. 

Korsabad,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Khorsabad. 

Korsor,  or  Korsoer*  kor'soB\  a  town  of  Denmark, 
island  of  Seeland,  on  the  Great  Belt,  64  miles  by  rail  W.S.W. 
of  Copenhagen.  It*  has  good  docks  and  a  harbor  which 
admits  vessels  drawing  from  17  to  18  feet,  and  is  defended 
by  a  fort.     Pop.  3759. 

Korssun*  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Karsoon. 

Kortetz,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Cortbtz. 

Kort'right)  a  post-village  in  Kortright  township,  Del- 
aware CO.,  N.Y.,  about  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  church  and  about  25  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1679. 

Kortryk,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Courtuai. 

Kortsheva^  or  Kortschewa,  koRt-sh4'v&,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  40  miles  E.  of  Tver,  on  the 
Volga,  with  1850  inhabitants,  and  an  active  export  trade. 

Korvey,  or  Corvey,  kor'vi,  a  hamlet  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  on  the  Weser,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Minden.  It  is 
noted  for  its  ancient  abbey,  now  a  prince's  residence,  with 
a  great  library.     Pop.  112. 

Korwestheim,koR'^9st-hime\orKornwestheiin, 
a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Neckar.     Pop.  1645. 

Korzul,  the  Slavonic  for  Curzola. 

Kos,  an  island  and  gulf  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Cos. 

Kdsching,  kosh'ing,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ratisbon.    Pojp.  1550. 

Koschmin,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Kozmin. 

KosciuskO)  kos^s^-us'ko,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  556  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Tippecanoe  and  Eel  Rivers  and  Turkey 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  with  small  lakes.  About  one-third  of  the  area 
is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
Dy  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Warsaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,531;  in  1880,  26,494;  in 
1890,  28,645. 

Kosciusko,  a  station  in  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Warsaw. 

Kosciusko,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Attala  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Yockanockany  Creek,  and  on  the  Mississippi  division 
(Aberdeen  Brunch)  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about 
60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
and  3  aewspaper  offices.    Pop.  in  1880, 1126  ;  in  1890, 1394. 

Kosciusko  Junction,  in  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Aberdeen  Branch  with  the  main  line  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  IS  miles  W.  of  Kosciusko. 

Kosciusko,  Mount.    See  Mount  Kosciusko. 

Kosel,  ko'z^l,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Oder,  at  a  railway  junction. 
Pop.  4746.  Alt  Kosel,  Jllt  ko'z^l,  is  a  village  in  Silesia, 
S.  of  Kosel. 

Koselets,  or  Koseletz,  ko-si-lits',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chernigov,  on  the 
Oster.     Pop.  5078.    It  has  a  cathedral  and  a  fort. 

Kosel sk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kozelsk. 

Kosenitzy,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.    See  Kozienice. 

Kosfeld,  or  Koesfeld,  kos'fSlt,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  20  miles  W.  of  Miinster.  It  has  2  cas- 
tles, 3  churches  and  chapels,  a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium, 
and  a  hospital.     Pop.  3802. 

Koshakea,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Kolos. 

Kosh'konong,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  on 
Koshkonong  Lake.    Pop.  3556.    It  contains  Fort  Atkinson. 

Koshkonong,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Rook  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Janesville,  and  1  mile  S.E.  of  Koshkonong  Lake. 

Koshkonong  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Dane  co., 
runs  eastward  and  southward,  and  enters  Koshkonong  Lake 
afbout  12  miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson. 


Koshkonong  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  an  expansion  of 

Rock  River,  which  enters  the  N.E.  end  in  Jefferson  co., 
and  issues  from  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  lake  at  the  N. 
border  of  Rock  oo.  It  is  about  8  miles  long  and  4  miles 
wide,  and  abounds  in  ducks.    The  water  is  not  very  deep. 

Kosiki  (ko-see'kee)  Islands,  of  Japan,  are  in  lat.  31° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  129°  42'  E.,  surrounded  by  rocks  on  all  sides. 

Kosima,  ko-see'm&,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  lat.  41°  21' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  139°  46'  E.,  10  miles  in  circuit. 

Kositze,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Kaschau. 

Koslin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Coslin. 

KoslOT,  or  Koslow,  kos-lov',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Lesnoi 
Voronezh.  It  contains  8  churches  and  a  monastery,  and 
has  a  considerable  trade  in  cattle  and  tallow.     Pop.  25,522. 

Koslov,  or  Koslow,  Russia.    See  Eupatoria. 

Kosmodemiansk,  or  Kosmodenijansk,  kos-mo- 
ddm-y&nsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  103  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Kazan,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  5845. 

Kosse,  kSs'sa,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  155  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Houston,  and  110  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  a  broom-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  647. 

Kosseir,  or  Cosseir,  kos^sir',  a  seaport  town  of  Up- 
per Egypt,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  95  miles  E.  of 
Keneh.  Lat.  26°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  15'  E.  Pop.  from  1500 
to  2000.  It  is  an  entrep6t  for  the  trade  between  Egypt  and 
Arabia,  and  is  defended  by  a  citadel.  Old  Kosseir  is  6 
miles  N.W.  of  the  above. 

Kossmannos,  koss'm&n-nos,  or  Kosmonos,  kos'- 
mo-nos,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  2521. 

Kossovia,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Kaschau. 

Kossovo,  kos-Bo'vo,  or  Kassovo,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Pristina. 

Kossuth,  kos-sooth',  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  984  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Fork 
of  Des  Moines  River,  which  runs  southward  and  divides  it 
into  nearly  equal  parts.  The  West  Fork  or  main  stream 
of  the  Des  Moines  touches  the  S.W.  corner  of  this  county. 
A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Iowa  and  Dakota  division  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  by  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Algona.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3351;  in  1880,  6178;  in  1890,  13,120. 

Kossuth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Ind.,  44  miles  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kossuth,  a  post- village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  near 
the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill.  Kossuth  Station  is  at  Mediapolis,  2  miles 
W.  of  Kossuth. 

Kossuth,  a  post-village  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  plough-factory,  and  a 
steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kossuth,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Salem 
township,  on  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal,  about  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Lima.  It  ha«  a  church  and  manufactures  of  carriage.' 
and  furniture.     Pop.  112. 

Kossuth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Kossuth,  township,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.     Pop.  2260. 

Kossuth,  a  post- village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  150. 

Kossuth  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  Des  Moines  River,  8  miles  above  Algona. 

Kostainicza,  kos-ti-neet's&,  or  Kostanitz,  kos'ti- 
nits^,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Croatia,  on  the  military  frontier, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Petrinia.     Pop.  2067. 

Kostambui,  Asia  Minor.    See  Kastamoonee. 

Kostanitz,  kos't&-neets\  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roume- 
lia, S.  of  the  Balkan,  130  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adrianople. 

Kostel,  kos't^I,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on  the 
Thaya,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  2223. 

Kosteletz,  kos't^h-ldts^  or  Kosteletz-am>Ad- 
lerflusse,  kos't9h-llts^-&m-&'dlQr-floos's9h,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  on  the  Adler,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Koniggr£tz. 
Pop.  3158. 

Kosteletz,  or  Kosteletz-an-der-£lbe,  kos't^h- 
I5ts^-4n-d4r-4l'b9h,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles  N.W.  of 
Kaurzim,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3032. 

Kosteletz,  kos't^h-lSts^  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 12  miles  S.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1360. 

Kosten,  kos't^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  26  milM 
S.W.  of  Pos«n,  on  the  Obra.    Pop.  3951. 


EOS 


1576 


KOV 


Kostenblat,  kos't^n-bldSt^  a  town  of  Prnssian  Silesia, 
18  miles  W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1173. 
Kostendil,  European  Turkey,     See  Ghhtstendil. 
K5stritz,  kos'trits,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Reuss- 
8ohl>»iz,  on  the  Elster,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Gera.     Pop.  1516. 

Kostroma^  kos-tro'mi,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the 
Volga  at  Kostroma,  after  a  S.  course  of  130  miles. 

Kostroma,  a  government  of  European  Russia,  near 
its  centre.  Area,  30,812  square  miles.  Nearly  the  entire 
surface  is  pasture-land  and  forests,  except  a  small  part  in 
the  S.W.,  which  belongs  to  the  manufacturing  district  of 
Central  Russia.     Pop.  1,176,097. 

Kostroma,  a  city  of  European  Russia,  capital  of  the 
government  of  Kostroma,  200  miles  N.E.  of  Moscow,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Kostroma  and  the  Volga.  It  is  the  see  of 
a  bishop,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  gymnasium,  a  bell- 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  cloth,  Prussian  blue, 
soap,  and  candles.     Pop.  27,178. 

Kosva,  or  Koswa,  kos'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Perm,  flows  first  S.W.,  then  W.,  and 
joins  the  Kama  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  180  miles. 

Koswigk,  a  town  of  Central  Germany.     See  Coswiq. 

Ko'sy,  or  Ko'see,  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  N.W.  of 
Agra.     Pop.  12,410. 

Koszeg^h,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  GiiNS. 

Kosz'ta,  a  post- village  in  Honey  Creek  township,  Iowa 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.    It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kot,  or  Kote,  is  the  initial  name  of  numerous  small 
towns  of  Northwest  India. 

Kot-Adu,  kot-i-doo',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Punjab,  Mooltan  division.     Pop.  5552. 

Kotah,  ko'ti,^  a  populous  and  strongly-fortified  town 
of  India,  capital  of  the  Kotah  state,  on  the  Chumbnl,  190 
miles  S.W.  of  Agra,  in  lat.  25°  9'  N.,  Ion.  75°  5'  E.  It  is 
entered  by  double  gateways,  and  has  some  good  bazaars, 
numerous  temples  and  substantial  dwellings,  a  palace,  and 
manufeictures  of  cloths,  Ac. 

Kotah,  a  Rajpoot  state  of  India,  subsidiary  to  the 
British.  It  is  enclosed  by  the  Qwalior,  Odeypoor,  and 
Kishenagur  dominions,  has  an  area  of  4400  square  miles, 
and  is  among  tbe  most  flourishing  native  states  of  India, 
though  very  hot  and  unhealthy.     Pop.  443,000. 

Kotais,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kootais. 

Koteghur,  or  Kotgarh,  k5t-gur'  (Hindoo,  Kata- 
ghara,  ki-ti-gi'ri),  a  town  of  India,  in  Gurhwal,  capital 
of  a  chiefship,  near  the  Sutlej,  43  miles  E.  of  Belaspoor. 

Kote-Kangra,  or  Kot-Kangra.    See  Kangra. 

Kotelnitch,  or  Kotelnitsch,  ko-tfil-neetoh'  or  ko- 
tSl-nitch',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.W. 
of  Viatka,  near  the  Viatka  River.     Pop.  2976. 

Kotelnoi,  ko-tfil-noi',  an  island  of  Siberia,  the  prinoi- 

8al  of  an  extensive  group  N.  of  Sviatoi-Nos,  in  the  Arctic 
oean,  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  Lena,  between  lat.  74°  30' 
and  76°  10'  N.,  Ion.  140°  E.  It  is  a  desolate  mass  of  rooky 
mountains,  130  miles  long  and  70  miles  broad. 

Kothen,  Koethen,  or  Cothen,  kb't^n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Anhalt,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  N.  of 
Halle.  Pop.  13,564.  It  has  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium, 
a  theatre,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths  and  linens. 

Koti,  Coti,  ko'tee,  Koeti,  koo'tee,  or  Koti  Lama, 
ko'tee  li'mi,  a  state  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Borneo, 
on  the  Strait  of  Macassar,  subject  to  Dutch  supremacy. 

Koti,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  on  an  island  in 
the  chief  arm  of  the  river  Koti,  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  in 
lat.  0°  68'  S.,  Ion.  117°  10'  E.    It  contains  the  rajah's  palace. 

Koti,  Kuti,  or  Mahakkan,  a  river  in  the  island  of 
Borneo,  falls  by  many  mouths  into  Koti  Bay,  on  the  Strait 
of  Macassar.     Total  course,  about  300  miles. 

Kotieschaii,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Chotieschau. 

Kot-  (or  Kote-) Kamalia, kot-ki-mi'l^-i, a  fortified 
town  of  India,  province  of  Punjab,  near  the  Ravee,  116  miles 
S.W.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  5695. 

Kot'lah,  a  town  of  India,  28  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Agra. 
Pop.  7120.  ^  ^ 

Kotlarnia,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Jacobswalde. 

Kotra,  kot'ri,  a  large  town  of  India,  near  the  Gwalior 
Territory,  20  miles  B.S.E.  of  Hindia. 

KoHree',  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  Koree  estuary,  and 
the  place  of  embarkation  between  Hyderabad  and  Cutoh. 

Kotree,  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  nearly  oppo- 
site Hyderabad,  and  an  important  military  post.  A  rail- 
way connects  it  with  Kurrachee. 

Kotree,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Cutch 
Gundava,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Qundava.  Lat.  28°  24'  N. ;  Ion. 
67°  27'  E.     It  has  a  fort  and  a  good  bazaar. 

Kotrune   or  Kotrang,  koHriing',  a  town  of  Bengal, 


district  of  H<»ogly,  on  the  river  Hoogly,  7  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Howrah.    It  has  brick-yards  and  workshops.    Pop.  6811, 

Kotta-Waringin,  kot'ti-w4-rin-ghin',  written  also 
Cotaringin,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  Borneo,  on  a  river 
of  its  own  name.     Lat.  2°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  111°  21'  E. 

Kotta-Waringin,  or  Cotaringin,  a  river  in  the 
island  of  Borneo,  rises  in  a  lake  in  the  interior,  and,  after 
a  S.  by  W.  course  of  about  85  miles,  falls  into  the  Java  Sea. 

Kottbns,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Cottbcs. 

Kotzebne  (kot'se-bu)  Sonnd,  Alaska,  is  an  inlet  of 
Behring  Strait,  between  Capes  Krusenstern  and  Espenberg. 
Lat.  66°-68°  N.;  Ion.  162°-167°  W. 

Kotzschenbroda,  kSt'sh^n-bro^di,  a  Tillage  of  Sax- 
ony, near  Dresden.     Pop.  1971. 

Kotzting,  kots'ting,  a  town  of  Lower  Bararia,  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1559. 

Kouang-Si,  a  province  of  China.     See  Qtjang-Seb. 

Kouang-Sin-Fou,  China,    See  Quanq-Sin-Foo, 

Kouang-Tonng  and  Konang-Ping.  See  Qdans- 
ToNG  and  Quang-Ping. 

Kouara  and  Koaarri,  Africa.     See  Niger. 

Koaarri,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Quarri. 

Konba,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kooba. 

Konban,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Kooban. 

Koubina,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Koobina. 

Koubinskoe,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Koobinskob. 

Kouchibougnac,  koo^she^boo'gwik',  a  post-village  in 
Kent  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Kouchibouguao  River,  12 
miles  from  Richibacto.  It  contains  3  hotels,  2  stores,  and 
several  saw-mills,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  600. 

Koudekerk,  kSw'd^h-kiRk^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leyden, 
on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1230. 

Kondekerke,  kCw'd^h-kfiR^k^h,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  the  island  of  Walcheren,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Mid- 
delburg. 

Kouei-Ling,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kwei-Lis. 

Konei-Te,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kwei-Te. 

Kouei-Yang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Koei-Yano. 

Kouen-IiUn,  mountain-range,  Asia.    See  KuBN-Lxm 

Koufa,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Koofa. 

Konka,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Kooka. 

Koukou-Kota,  or  Khoton.    See  Kookoo-Kota. 

Konlfo,  a  town  of  West  Africa.     See  KooiiPO. 

Koulkoun,  a  mountain-range  of  Asia.  See  Kven-Luk. 

Kouloi,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Kooloi. 

Koum,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Koou. 

Kouma,  a  village  of  Russia.     See  Koch  a. 

Konm-Shah,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Koome-Shah. 

Konnashir,  Kooril  Islands.    See  Koonasheer. 

Koundouz,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Kboondooz. 

Koungour,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Koongoob. 

Konnia,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Koonia. 

Koupiansk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Koopiansk. 

Kour,  a  river  of  West  Asia.     See  Koor. 

Kouraraas,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Kourdistan,  a  country  of  West  Asia.   See  KooRDiSTAif. 

Kourile  Islands.     See  Kooril  Islands. 

Kour-Kara-Onsson.     See  Sooi-Ching-Bao. 

Koursk,  a  government  of  Russia.     See  Koorsk. 

Kous,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Ghoos. 

Koushan,  a  pass  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh.    See  Kooshas. 

Konskoguim,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Kuskoquiu. 

Konssie,  kSw'see,  Kow'sie  River,  or  Sand  River, 
in  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat. 
29°  40'  S.,  Ion.  17°  E. 

Konta,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Koota. 

Kontaieh,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,     See  Kutaieh. 

Koutais,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,     See  Kootais, 

Konts'  (kSwts'iz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Chicago  with 
Logansport,  61  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Konznets,  or  Konznetz,  Russia.    See  Kooznets. 

Kovaja,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kataya. 

Kovdo,  Kowdo,  kov'do,  or  Kovdozero,  kov-do 
z4'ro,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  W,  part  of  the  government 
of  Archangel,  about  30  miles  long  by  24  miles  broad,  con- 
tains numerous  islands,  and  discharges  itself  by  the  river 
Kovda  into  the  Gulf  of  Kandalaska, 

Kovel,  or  Kowel,  ko-v4l',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Vol- 
hynia,  97  miles  N.W.  of  Ostrog,     Pop,  4919. 

Kovesd,  Mezo,  Hungary.     See  MezS  Kovezsd. 

Kovno,  or  Kowno,  kov'no  (Ger.  Kauen,  k5w'§n,-  L. 
Cound),  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Kovno,  58  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Niemen,  at  the  influx  of  the  Svieta-Niemen. 
Pop.  49,900.     It  has  many  religious  establishments.    Large- 


KOV 


1577 


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quantities  of  mead  are  brewed  here,  and  the  town  haa  an 
jMStive  trade  in  corn,  &o. 

Kovno,  formerly  Samogitia,  a  government  of  Rus- 
iia,  bordering  on  Germany,  and  nearly  reaching  the  Baltio. 
Area,  15,686  square  miles.  It  is  generally  level  and  well 
watered,  and  has  extensive  forests.  Few  of  its  people  are 
Russians,  the  old  stock  being  Samogitians,  a  people  speak- 
ing a  language  closely  allied  to  the  Lithuanian.  Capital, 
Kovno.     Pop.  (1882)  1,444,614. 

Kovrov,  or  Kowrow,  kov'rov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
•rnment  and  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Vladimeer.     P.  4893. 

Kowal,  or  Koval,  ko'vil,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment, province,  and  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw.  Lat. 
62°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  30'  E.     Pop.  3126. 

Kowaliga,  k5w'a-li-gah,  post-oflSoe,  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Kowarra  (or  Quorra)  River.    See  Niger. 

KownO)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kovno. 

Kowrah,  k5w'ri,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cutch,  in  an 
oasis  of  the  Runn,  36  miles  N.  of  Bhooj. 

Kowreenagur,  kSw-ree-ni-giir',  a  town  of  India,  in 
the  Guzerat  peninsula,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Diu  Head. 

Kowsie  River,  South  Africa.    See  Koussie. 

Koyl'ton,  a  township  of  Tuscola  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  580. 

Kozelskj  or  Koselsk,  ko-zfilsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kalooga,  on  the  Zhizdra.     Pop.  7368. 

Kozieglow,  ko-ze-i^glov',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
80  miles  N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop,  1700. 

Kozienice,  koz-yA-neet'sft,  a  town  of  Poland,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  Sandomier,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  3059. 

Kozlov.     See  Koslov  and  Bupatokia. 

Kozlowitz,  kots'lo-^its\  or  Kozlowice,  kots^Io- 
veet'si,  a  village  of  Moravia,  10  miles  from  Freyburg. 

Kozmin,  koz-meen',  or  Koschmin,  kosh-meen',  a 
town  of  Prussia,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3863. 

Kra,  island  and  isthmus.     See  Kraw. 

Krabbendijke,  or  Krabbendyke,  kr&b'b^n-dike^ 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of  South  Beve- 
land,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1011. 

Kragero,  krig'^r-o,  a  post-township  of  Chippewa  oo., 
Minn.     Pop.  215. 

Krageroe,  kri'gh^r-S^^h,  a  town  of  Norway,  on  an 
inlet  of  the  Skager-Rack,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Christiansand. 
Pop.  4250. 

Kragnyevatz,  or  Kragi^ewatz,  kri-goo'ye-vitz, 
a  town  of  Servia,  15  miles  W.  of  Jagodin.  It  has  a  gym- 
nasium, a  normal  school,  an  armory,  a  powder-mill,  and  an 
arsenal.     Pop.  6663. 

Kraienke,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Krojankb. 

Krailsheim,  or  Crailsheim,  krils'hlme,  a  town  of 
Wiirtemberg,  13  miles  N.  of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  4482. 

Krain,  a  province  of  Austria.     See  Caeniola. 

Krain,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  144. 

Krainburg,  krin'bSSRo,  or  Krain,  krin,  a  town  of 
Carniola,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Laybach,  on  the  Save.    P.  2000. 

Kriyova,  or  Kraiova,  kr4-yo'v4,  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  former  capital  of  Little  Wallachia,  near  the  left 
bank  of  the  Schyl,  120  miles  (160  miles  by  rail)  W.  of 
Bucharest.  It  has  numerous  churches,  and  an  active  trade 
in  salt  from  neighboring  mines.     Pop.  22,764. 

Krakatoa,  kri-k3,-to'4,  a  volcanic  island  in  the  Strait 
of  Sunda,  lat.  6°  9'  S.,  Ion.  105°  29'  E.  Area,  13  sq.  miles. 
It  was  destroyed  by  an  earthquake,  and  disappeared  in  1883. 

Krakau,  or  Krakow,  Poland.    See  Cracow. 

Krakow,  kri'kov,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Meoklenburg- 
Schwerin,  33  miles  S.  of  Schwerin.  It  has  manufactures 
of  straw  hats,  cotton  fabrics,  and  tiles.     Pop.  2022. 

Kralingen,  kri'ling-^n,  a  parish  and  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Leek,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.  It 
has  salmon-fisheries.     Pop.  7530. 

Kralowitz,  kri'lo-<^its\  or  Cynadrowy,  tsin-i-dro'- 
vee,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pilsen. 

Kramm's  Station,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Peoria  co..  111. 

Kranach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Kronach. 

Kranholm,  kr&n'holm,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  in 
Esthonia,  in  the  Narova,  near  Narva. 

Kranichberg,  kri'niK-b4RG\  or  Kranaberg,  kri'- 
ni-bfiRG^  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  a  railway,  near 
Glooknitz.     Pop.  1343. 

Kranichfeld,  kra'niK-f5lt\  or  Keran'ichfeld,  a 
town  of  Saxe-Meiningen  and  Saxe- Weimar,  on  the  Hm,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  1672. 

Kranidi,  kri'neeMee,  or  Kranidion,  a  town  of 
Greece,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Nauplia.  Its  inhabitants  are 
expert  divers  and  sponge-fishers.     Pop.  7185. 

Kranowitz,  kri'no-^its^  or  Kranowice,  kri-no- 
eeet'si,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Oppeln.     Pop.  2602. 

100 


Krapivna,  or  Krapiwna,  kr&-piv'n&,  a  town  of  Rus 
sia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Toola,  on  the  Oopa.     Pop.  2446. 

Krappitz,  kr&p'pits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  oq 
the  Oder,  15  miles  S.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2553. 

Krasnik,  kr&s'nik,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  and 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Lublin.     Pop.  4165. 

Krasnistaw,  kr&s-nis'tiv,  or  Kra8sno8taw,a  town 
of  Poland,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz  and  a 
small  lake.     Pop.  4870. 

Krasnoe-Szelo  (or  -Selo),  kr&s'no-4-s4'lo,  a  village 
of  Russia,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  It  has  manu- 
factories, a  normal  school,  a  hospital,  and  a  royal  palace. 

Krasnoi,  kr48-noi',  or  Krassnyj,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Smolensk,  on  the 
Svinaia.  Pop.  3493.  Here,  on  the  5th  and  eth  of  No- 
vember, 1812,  the  French  were  defeated  by  the  Russians. 

Krasnoi-Kholm,  kr&s-noi'-Kolm,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  95  miles  N.E.  of  Tver.     Pop.  1932. 

Krasnoi- Yar,  kris-noi'-yan,  or  Krassnyj-Jar,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Astra- 
khan, on  an  island  in  the  Volga.     Pop.  4761. 

Krasnokootsk,  Krasnokoutsk,  or  Krasno- 
kutsk,  kr&s-no-kootsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  41  miles  W.  of  Kharkov,  on  the  Merlo.     Pop.  5678. 

Krasno-Ooiimsk,  Krasno-Oufimsk,  or  Kras- 
no-Ufimsk,  kris'no-oo-foemsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  110  miles  from  Perm,  on  the  Oofa.     Pop.  3682. 

Krasnoslobodsk,  kr&s-no-slo-bodsk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  105  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the 
Moksha.     It  has  an  active  trade  in  com.     Pop.  4236. 

Kras^novodsk',  a  cape  and  Russian  fortress  on  the  E. 
shore  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  in  lat.  39°  59'  35"  N.  It  is  the 
most  noted  military  post  in  the  Trans-Caspian  region. 

Krasnoyarsk,  Krasnoiarsk,  or  Krasnojarsk, 
kris-no-yarsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  capital  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Yeniseisk,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on  the  Yenisei.  Lat. 
56°  N.;  Ion.  92°  57'  10"  E.  It  is  the  emporium  of  a  wide 
region,  and  has  several  churches,  government  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  leather.     Pop.  14,159. 

Krasnystav,  or  Krasnystaw.    See  Krasnistaw. 

Krasso,  krosh^sho',  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N. 
by  the  river  Maros,  and  E.,  in  part,  by  Transylvania.  Area, 
2024  square  miles.  It  is  a  mountain-region,  with  forests 
and  rich  mines;  and  most  of  its  people  are  Roumanians. 
The  valleys  are  fertile  and  the  climate  is  pleasant.  Capital, 
Lugos.     Pop.  273,827. 

Krasso,  or  Krassova,  krosh*sho'v6h\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Krass6,  33  miles  S.  of  Lugos.     Pop.  3789. 

Kraszna,  kr&ss'n5h\  or  Karasz'na,  a  river  of 
Transylvania,  flows  N.  80  miles,  and  joins  the  Theiss. 

Kraszna,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szilagy,  40  mile; 
E.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  3128. 

Kratz,  kr&ts,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Allentown. 

Kratzau,  krit'z5w,  or  Krasa,  kr&'si,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 29  miles  N.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  3969. 

Kratz'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  i> 
miles  N.W.  of  Selin's  Grove.     It  has  2  churches. 

Krauchthal,  krSwK't&l,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2506. 

Krauna,  krSw'ni,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  29  miles  from 
Chrudim.     Pop.  1410. 

Kranpen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  GRArpEM. 

Krantheim,  kr5wt'hlme,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  not  far  from  the  Jaxt.     Pop.  1821. 

Kraw,Kra,  Krah,  kri,  or  Poolo  Kra,  poo'lo  kri, 
two  islands,  called  the  North  and  South  Kra,  between  the 
W.  side  of  Malacca  and  the  island  of  Poolo  Penang. 

Kraw,  Isthmus  of.    Se&  Isthmus  of  Kraw. 

Krawang,  kri-wing',  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java,  on 
the  N.  coast.     Pop.  270,858.     Capital,  Poerwakarta. 

Krawarn,  Deutsch,  doitsh  kri'^arn,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2857. 

Kreamer,  kree'm^r,  Kre'mer,  or  Smith  Grove, 
a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  about  30 
houses.     The  name  of  its  post-oflBce  is  Kreamer. 

Krefeld,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Crepeld. 

Kreibitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Kretbitz. 

Kreidersville,  kri'd?rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  in  Allen  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Allen- 
town.     It  has  a  foundry  and  a  grist-mill. 

Kreischa,  kri'shi,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  from 
Dresden.     Pop.  1410. 

Kremenets,  kri-m^h-nSts',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Vol 
hynia,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ostrog.     Pop.  11,819. 


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Krementchoog,  Krementchoug,  Krement- 
chng,  or  Kreraentschug,  krfim-fint-shoog',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  64  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Poltava, 
on  the  Dnieper,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge.  Pop.  47,473.  It 
is  enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  and  has  manufactures  of 
hats,  sugar,  nitre,  silver-ware,  and  soap. 

Kremlin^  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Moscow. 

Krem'liu  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo..  Mo. 

Kremmen,  kr5m'm§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 25  miles  N.  of  Potsdam.     Pod.  2841. 

KremnitZ)  or  Cremnitz,  krem'nits  (Hun.  Kdrmocz 
Banya,  koR^mots'  bin'ySh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Bars, 
on  a  railway,  8  miles  W.  of  Neusohl.  Pop.  8442.  It  stands 
in  a  deep  valley,  surrounded  by  hills,  and  has  several  sub- 
urbs, a  gymnasium,  a  mint,  and  a  miners'  infirmary.  Its 
mines  have  yielded  much  silver  and  some  gold.  Attached 
to  the  mines  are  smelting-  and  washing-works.  Eremnitz 
has  manufactures  of  earthenware,  chemicals,  and  paper; 
and  it  is  supplied  with  water  by  an  aqueduct  50  miles  in 
length.     A  tunnel  9  miles  long  drains  the  mines. 

Krempe,  krim'pfh,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Gluokstadt.     Pop.  1199. 

KremSy  krdms,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Danube,  at  the  influx  of  the  Krems,  at  a  railway  junction, 
88  miles  N.W.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  6114.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  has  a  Piarist  college,  military  and  high  schools, 
large  barracks,  and  alum-,  nitre-,  button-,  soda-,  mustard-, 
and  vinegar-factories.    The  town  is  adjacent  to  Stein. 

Krems,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  circle  of  Gratz, 
with  a  castle  and  manufactures  of  block-tin. 

Kremsir,  Kremsier,  krdm'seer,  or  Kremiekitz, 
krfim'y4-kits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Prerau, 
on  the  March.  Pop.  9110.  It  has  a  Piarist  college,  a 
gymnasium,  a  high  school,  and  a  fine  summer  residence  of 
the  Archbishop  of  Olmutz. 

Kremsmfinster,  krdms'miin^st^r,  a  village  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Krems,  13  miles  W.  of  Steyer.  It  has  1713 
inhabitants  and  several  superior  schools.  On  a  height  above 
the  town  is  a  celebrated  Benedictine  abbey,  founded  a.d. 
772,  and  having  a  library,  an  observatory,  and  various 
museums  of  art  and  science,  with  about  300  students. 

Krenitzin  (kri-nit-seen')  Islands,  Aleutian  Archi- 
pelago, so  called  from  Krenitzin,  the  navigator  who  first 
saw  them.     They  are  five  in  number. 

Kres'geville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Easton. 

Krestovskoi,  kres-tov'skoi,  a  group  of  islands  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  the  Kolyma  estuary. 

Krestzy,  krist'zee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Novgorod.     Pop.  3173. 

Krenth,  kroit,  a  bathing-place  and  village  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  on  the  Tegern-See,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Munich. 

Kreutz,  or  Kreuz,  kroits,  a  German  word  signifying 
"  cross,"  forming  a  prefix  to  many  names  in  Central  Europe. 

Kreutz,  kroits,  a  town  of  Croatia,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Warasdin.     Pop.  2229.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Kreutznach,  Kreuznack,  or  Kreaznach,  kroits'- 
niK,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the 
Nahe,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bingen.  Pop,  13,772.  It  stands 
in  a  fertile  and  picturesque  tract  at  the  foot  of  a  castle- 
crowned  hill,  and  is  separated  by  the  river  into  two  parts, 
connected  by  a  stone  bridge.  It  has  Roman  Catholic,  Lu- 
theran, and  Calvinist  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium, 
and  manufactures  of  leather,  snuff,  and  woollens,  mineral 
springs,  and  important  salt-works. 

Kreuzberg,  kroits'bfiRO,  or  Kreuzbarck,  kroits'- 
b56Rk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.  P.  1479. 

Kreuzburg,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Creuzburg. 

Krenzburg,  kroits'bSSRG,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2004. 

Krenzburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe-Weimar,  on 
the  Werra,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Eisenach.     Pop.  1956. 

Kreuzbnrg,  or  Kreutzburg,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Vitebsk,  on  the  Duna,  52  miles  W. 
of  Rezhitsa.     Pop.  1228.    It  has  a  palace. 

Kreybitz,  or  Kreibitz,  kri'bits,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2569. 

Kribb's  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co..  Pa. 

Krick's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading. 

Kriegshaber,  kreeas'ha-b^r,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Swabia,  near  Augsburg.     Pop.  1739. 

Krienz,  or  Kriens,  kre-fints',  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  3324. 

Kriesdorf,  krees'doRf,  or  Griesdorf,  grees'doBf,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2000. 

Krilov,  Krylov,  or  Krilow,  kre  lov',  a  town  of  Rus- 


sia, government  and  170  miles  N.N.E.  of  K  lerson,  oo  the 
Dnieper.     Pop.  2600. 

Krim,  Russia.     See  Crimea  and  Tattrida. 

Krimmitschau,  Saxony.     See  Crimmitzschau. 

Krimpeil>aan-de-Iiek,  krim'pen-4n-d&-ldk,  a  ril> 
lage  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  6^  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  Lek,  where  it  falls  into  the  Meuse. 

Krimpen-op-den-Yssel,  krim'p^n-op-dfin-is's^l,  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  5  miles  E.  of 
Rotterdam.     Pop.  1636. 

Kripple  (krip'p'l)  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  a  church. 

Krishna,  a  river  of  South  India.     See  Kistnah. 

Krishnagange,  or  Krishnagai\),  krish^na-giinj', 
a  town  of  the  Purneah  district,  Bengal.  Lat.  26°  7'  26" 
N.;  Ion.  87°  58'  E.     Pop.  8490. 

Krishnnggur,  or  Krishnagar,  krish-niig'giir, 
written  also  Kishnnghur  and  Krishanagar,also  called 
Goari,  go-4'ree,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  the  Nuddea 
district,  104  miles  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  noted  manufac- 
tures of  artistic  clay  figures,  a  normal  school,  and  a  govern- 
ment college,  and  is  on  the  navigable  JuUungee  or  Jalaogi 
River.     Pop.  26,750. 

Krisso,  kris'so,  or  Chryso  (anc.  Crissaf),  a  smal) 
town  of  Greece,  in  Phocis,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Salona. 

Kristinestad,  Finland.    See  Christinestadt. 

Kritschew,  krit'shiv,  or  Kriczew,  krit'sfiv,  a  mar- 
ket-town of  Russia,  government  and  57  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Moheelev.     Pop.  3398. 

Kritskoi  (krit'skoi)  Island,  Behring's  Strait;  lat.  of 
the  E.  point,  56°  0'  7"  N.,  Ion.  160°  41'  W. 

Krivan,  kre-v&n',  a  mountain  of  the  Carpathians,  on 
the  frontiers  of  Galicia.     Height,  8000  feet. 

Krivitz,  or  Crivitz,  kree'vits,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  1 0  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  3099. 

Kroben,  kro'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Posen,  S.E.  of  Kosten.     Pop.  1680. 

Kroghville,  or  Krogville,  krog'vll,  a  post-office  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Wis. 

Krohne,  krSn,  a  post-office  of  Burleson  oo.,  Tex. 

Krojanke,  kro-y&n'k&,  written  also  Kraienke,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  86  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.  P.  3303. 

Krolevets,  Krolewetz,  kro-li-vfits',  or  Korole- 
vetz,  ko-ro-lA-vfits',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chernigov.  Pop.  8145.  It  was  for- 
merly the  residence  of  the  governor  of  Little  Russia. 

Krolewiecz,  the  Polish  name  of  Konigsberg. 

Krommeny,  or  Krommenie,  krom'm&-ni^,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland,  12  mile? 
N.E.  of  Haarlem.     Pop.  2828. 

Kromy,  kro'mee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  on  the  Kroma.     Pop.  2992. 

Kronach,  kro'n&K,  sometimes  written  Kranach}  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  at  the  foot  of  a 
mountain  crowned  by  the  castle  of  Rosenberg,  on  a  rail- 
way,  and  on  the  Kronach,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Baireuth.  Pop. 
3685.    The  painter  Kranach  was  born  here  in  1472. 

Krone,  kro'n^h,  or  Koronowo,  ko-ro-no'^o,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  3726. 

Krone,  Deutsch,  Prussia.     See  Deutsch-Krone. 

Kronenberg,  kro'n^n-bfiRG^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, government  and  15  miles  E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has 
manufactures  of  iron  and  steel.     Pop.  8167. 

Kronenberg,  a  town  of  Nassau.    See  Cronberg. 

Kronprinzenkog,  kron'print-s^n-kog^  a  village  of 
Prussia,  in  Holstein,  in  South  Ditmarsh.     Pop.  1120. 

Kronstadt,  kron'stAtt,  or  Krunen,  krii'n^n  (Hun. 
Bra»8o,  brosh^sho' ;  anc.  Brassovium),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
in  Transylvania,  capital  of  the  county  of  Kronstadt,  roman- 
tically situated  in  a  narrow  valley  formed  by  a  triangular 
opening  in  the  mountains  which  separate  Transylvania  from 
Roumania,  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hermannstadt,  and  2000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  45°  36'  30"  N.;  Ion.  25° 
33'  53"  E,  The  environs  are  occupied  partly  by  old,  frown- 
ing castles  seated  on  rugged  heights,  partly  by  villas  sur 
rounded  by  gardens ;  and  immediately  in  front  of  the  prin- 
cipal entrance  is  a  large  esplanade  ornamented  with  avenues 
of  trees  and  a  Turkish  kiosk,  forming  the  principal  place 
of  public  resort.  The  town  is  well  and  regularly  built.  It 
consists  of  the  inner  town,  surrounded  by  walls  and  inhabited 
by  Saxons ;  the  suburb  of  Altstadt,  inhabited  by  Szeklers ; 
and  that  of  Bulgar,  by  Roumanians.  The  chief  edifices  are 
a  Lutheran  church,  2  other  Protestant,  2  Roman  Catholic, 
and  2  Greek  churches,  town  hall,  and  barracks.  It  has  a 
Protestant  gymnasium  and  a  Roman  Catholic  school.  It 
was  formerly  the  first  commercial  place  in  Transylvania,  but 
its  trade  has  declined.     Its  manufactures  comprise  coarse 


KRO 


1579 


KUL 


woollens,  linens,  leather,  metallic  wares,  paper,  &o.  Al- 
though in  nearly  the  same  latitude  as  Yenioe  and  Lyons, 
its  climate  is  very  cold.  Pop.  29,584.  The  county  of  Kron- 
stadt  has  an  area  of  690  square  miles  and  a  pop.  of  83,090. 

Kronstadt,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Cronstadt. 

Kropelin,  krB^p^h-leen',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Meck- 
Jenburg-Schwerin,  15  miles  W.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  2360. 

KVoppenstett,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  CboppenstXdt. 

Krossen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Crossen. 

Krossno,  or  Krosno,  kross'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Cilalicia,  13  miles  E.S.B.  of  Jaslo,  on  the  Wisloka.  Pop. 
2450.  It  has  a  castle  and  some  convents,  and  is  an  entrepdt 
for  Hungarian  wines. 

Krotoszyn,  or  Krotoschin,  kro-to-sheen',  a  town  of 
Prussia,  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.  Pop.  8034.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  tobacco,  leather,  and 
chiccory,  and  a  large  trade  in  wool. 

Krotzingen^  krot'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Freibutg.     Pop.  1274. 

Krotzka,  krots'k&,  Grotzka,  grots'ki,  or  Stolnatz, 
stol'nits,  a  town  of  Servia,  10  miles  W.  of  Semendria,  on 
the  Danube. 

Kroya^  or  Crbya,  kroy'i  (Turk.  Ak-Hisaar,  9,k-his^- 
sar'),  a  town  of  Albania,  sanjak  and  45  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Scutari.     It  has  manufactures  of  arms.     Pop.  12,000. 

Krozet  Islands.    See  Crozet  Islands. 

Kruegerville,  kru'gh^r-vil,  post-ofiBce,  Warren  co.,  Mo. 

Kruft,  krodft,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Coblentz,  near  Mayen.     Pop.  1380. 

Kruiningen,  kroi'ning-^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Beveland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Goes.    Pop.  2210. 

Kriyevacz,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Alaja-Hissar. 

Kriim ,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Star  ErOm. 

KrumaU)  kroo'mdw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Budweis,  on  an  island  in  the  Moldau.  Pop.  6712. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  paper,  and  a 
fine  palace  of  Prince  Sohwarzenberg. 

Krumbach,  kr56m'b4K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  a  river 
of  its  own  name,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     P.  1200. 

Kramhermersdorf,  krS5m-h5R'm§rs-doBf  *,  a  village 
of  Saxony,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2361. 

Krummenaa,  krum'm§h-n5w\  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, in  St.  Gall,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1406. 

Krammenols,  krilm'm^n-ols\  or  WasserOls*  Ms'- 
B9r-ols\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government  of 
Liegnitz.     Pop.  1308. 

Kriinen,  Transylvania.    See  Kronstadt. 

Krusenstern,  kroo'z^n-stem^  (or  Ailn,  i'loo)  Is- 
lands, a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marshall's  Archipel- 
ago. Lat.  of  the  northernmost,  10"  27'  N. ;  Ion.  170*  B. 
The  group  is  15  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad.  See  also 
Inqaliuk  Island. 

Hrushovatz,  Servia.    See  Alaja-Hissab. 

Kryci  Islands,  Alaska.    See  Rat  Islands. 

Krylov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Krilov. 

Krzepice,  k'zhpeet'si,  Nowe,  no'vi,  and  Staba,  st4'- 
r&,  two  places  of  Russian  Poland,  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
Liswarta,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  1316. 

Krzizanowitz,  kzheez-i-no'Mts,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1100. 

Kshetra,  the  ancient  name  of  Chattba. 

Ksynia,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  ExiN. 

Knba,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kooba. 

Kuban )  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Kooban. 

Kubbes,  kub'bes,  or  Khubbus^kiib'biis,  written  also 
Khebis  and  Kebis,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Eho- 
rassan,  135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yezd. 

Kubin,  koo^been',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Banat,  65 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4130. 

Kubina,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Eoobina. 

Kubin,  Also,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Als(5-Ettbin. 

Kubinskoe,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Eoobinskok. 

Kuch  Behar,  India.    See  Cooch  Bahar. 

Knchin,  a  former  name  of  Sarawak. 

Kuchnai- Serai,  India.     See  Eachnai-Sbrai. 

Ku  ck' vill  e ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.  Y.,  in  Carlton 
township,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Kucznra,  koot^soo'r6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Bacs.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Kuei-Chn,  a  province  of  China.    See  Eoei-Choo. 

Kuei-Ling,  a  city  of  China.     See  Ewei-Lin. 

Knelt,  El,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Granb. 

Kuen-Lun,  Kouen-Liun,  Kwen-Lun,kw6nMoon' 
or  kwfinMun',  called  also  Koorkoon'  (Koulkonn),  a 
mountain-range  of  Central  Asia,  forming  the  N.  boundary 
of  Thibet,  separating  it  from  Yarkand  and  Ehoten,  and 
Btrc^hing  eastward  into  regions  which  are  almost  unknown  ,* 


but  it  is  understood  about  Ion.  92°  E.  to  divide  into  two 
ranges,  one  of  which,  under  the  name  of  Banyan-Eara, 
diverges  S.E.,  the  other  trends  N.,  near  the  source  of  the 
Hoang-Ho,  and,  under  various  names,  passes  through  the 
Chinese  provinces  of  Ean-Soo  and  Shen-See.  Its  W.  part 
is  parallel  to  the  Earakorum.  It  rises  far  above  the  limits 
of  perpetual  snow,  attaining  a  height  of  21,000  or  22,000 
feet,  and  sends  off  numerous  elevated  ramifications  towards 
the  Indus,  forming  valleys  down  which  descend  immense 
glaciers.  W.  of  Shaook  River  the  glaciers  appear  to  be  on 
a  still  more  gigantic  scale  than  those  of  the  Himalayas. 
The  glaciers  of  Sassar  terminate  at  about  15,000  feet,  but 
the  level  diminishes  rapidly  in  proceeding  W.  One  over- 
hanging the  valley  of  Nubra  terminates  at  14,700  feet; 
that  of  Nubra  itself,  at  13,000  feet;  and  still  farther  W. 
they  descend  at  least  to  10,000  feet. 

Knfa,  a  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Eoofa. 

Knfstein,  or  Kuffstein,  koof'stine,  a  town  and  fort- 
ress of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  and  on  the  Bavarian  frontier, 
43  miles  N.E.  of  Innspruck.     Pop.  1761. 

Kuft,  koft,  Kobt,  kobt,  or  Koft,  koft  (anc.  Coptos), 
an  ancient  city  of  Upper  Egypt,  in  lat.  26°  N.,  on  the  Nile, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Thebes.  It  was  destroyed  by  Diocletian 
for  having  taken  part  in  a  rebellion  against  him.  Parts 
of  its  ancient  walls  remain. 

Kuilenbnrg,  koi'l^n-bilBG,  Kniemborgh,  koo'I^m- 
boRG,  or  Culenborg,  koo'l^n-boRO,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on  the  navigable  Leek,  and  on 
a  railway,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Thiol.  It  has  manufactures 
of  arms,  silk  fabrics,  and  twist.     Pop.  6241. 

Knka,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Eooka. 

Kukabonee,  a  town  of  Bomoo.    See  Eokaboni. 

Kukan,  koo'k&n,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles  from 
Liebenau.     Pop.  1257. 

Kukel,  or  Kiikiilld.    See  Eckel. 

Kukewari,  or  Kookewaree,  koo-ke-w&'ree,  the 
mouth  of  the  Indus  through  which  the  main  river  discharges 
itself  into  the  sea.     Greatest  breadth,  IJ  miles. 

Knklena,  k55k-li'n&,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  one  of  the 
suburbs  of  Eoniggratz.     Pop.  1457. 

Kukrala,  kilk-ri'la,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Prov- 
inces, division  of  Rohilcund.     Pop.  5392. 

Kula,  koo'16h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Neusatz.     Pop.  7272. 

Kuladgee,orKaladgi,  kur&d-jee',  also  called  Kul- 
ndghee,  a  district  of  India,  lying  E.  of  Belgaum.  Area, 
4942  square  miles.  Pop.  740,590.  Capital,  Euladgee,  a 
town  71  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  6592. 

Kuladyne  River,  India.    See  Abacan  Riteb. 

Kulah,  koo'li,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  district  and 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Ears. 

Kniaki,  a  town  of  India.     See  Ealaichi. 

Knl  Ali,  kooP  i'lee  (?),  an  island  in  the  Caspian  Sea, 
120  miles  S.E.  of  Astrakhan.     Lat.  45°  N. ;  Ion.  60°  E. 

Kulananr,  kHPa-ndwr',  or  Knlanoor,  kiiPa-noor',  a 
town  of  India,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Amritsir.     Pop.  6121. 

Kulbnrga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Calburga. 

Knldscha,  or  KnUa,  a  district  of  Asia.    See  Eooldja. 

Knlei-Hissar,  koo-li'-his-sar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 75  miles  N.E.  of  Seevas,  on  the  Eelki. 

Kniemborgh,  Netherlands.     See  Euilenbdbg. 

Kulfo,  a  town  of  West  Africa.     See  Eoolfo. 

Knllnspelm  Lake.    See  Pend  Oreille. 

Kulm,  koolm,  a  walled  town  of  West  Prussia,  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Marienwerder,  near  the  Vistula.  Pop.  9628.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and  a  military  school. 

Knlm,  or  Chnim,  k5Slm,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  at  the  foot  of  the  Erz-G«birge 
Mountains.  Pop.  650.  Here,  on  the  29th  and  30th  of 
August,  1813,  the  French,  under  Vandamme,  were  totally 
defeated  by  the  armies  of  Russia,  Austria,  and  Prussia, 

Kulmbach,  or  Culm  bach,  k5dlm'b&K,  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  on  a  railway,  48  miles  N.B. 
of  Nuremberg.  Principal  edifice,  the  ancient  fortress,  now 
a  house  of  correction.     Pop.  5216.' 

Knlm  See,  kSdlm  s&,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  15  mile* 
S.E.  of  Eulm.     Pop.  3163. 

Knlna,  a  village  of  British  India.    See  Culna. 

Kuloi,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  EooLOi. 

Kulpa,  kool'pi  (aAc.  Colapis),  a  river  of  Austrian  Croa- 
tia, rises  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fiume,  flows  B.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  120  miles,  joins  the  Save  a  little  beyond  Petrinia. 

Kulp's,  a  station  on  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad, 
4  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Shamokin,  Pa. 

Knlps'ville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Towamensing  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  2  grist-mills. 


KUL 


1580 


KUR 


Kula,  India.    See  Cooloo.  ,.,.,. 

Knlutzi,  koo-lttt'see,  or  Khaletse,  k4-16t'si,  a  village 
of  Asia,  in  Ladakh,  in  lat.  34°  20'  N.,  Ion.  76°  44'  B. 

Kum,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  KooM. 

Kama,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kooma. 

Kamania,  two  districts  of  Hungary.    See  Cumania. 

Kumaon,  or  Kamaon,  k\lm'4-3n',  a  division  of  the 
North- West  Provinces,  British  India,  including  a  part  of  the 
Himalayas  and  their  foot-hills,  as  well  as  a  hot  and  sickly 
plain  below.  Area,  11,500  square  miles.  Pop.  743,602.  It 
includes  the  district  of  Kumaon,  area  about  6000  square 
miles.     Capital,  Almora.     Pop.  433,314. 

Knmi,  Koumi,  koo'me,  or  Kymi,  kee'me,  a  town  of 
Greece,  in  Euboea,  near  its  E.  coast.  Lat.  38°  36'  31"  N. ; 
Ion.  24°  10'  B.     Here  are  beds  of  lignite.     Pop.  3217. 

Kam'ler)  a  post-oflSce  of  McLean  co..  111. 

Kumo,  koo'mo,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  lake  in 
the  S.  of  Finland,  flows  N.W.  past  the  town  of  Kumo,  and 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.     Length,  100  miles. 

Kumzak,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Koniqsboo. 

Kunashir,  Kooril  Islands.    See  Kooxashekr. 

Kuuawat,  koo-ni-wit',  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  Haoo- 
ran,  100  miles  S.  of  Damascus.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  the 
Eastern  Druses. 

Kunawnr,  koo^nl-wiir',  or  Kunawer,  koo^ni-w^r', 
a  district  of  India,  in  Bussahir,  forming  a  part  of  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Sutlej,  on  the  borders  of  Little  Thibet.  Pop. 
2500. 

Kunchain-Junga,  koon-ohin'-jung'gi,  Kunchin- 
Ginga,  koon-chin'-jing'gS,  or  Kinchin-Jinga,  kin- 
chin'-jing'gi,  one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains, 
lat.  27°  43'  N.,  lop.  88°  12'  E.  It  has  two  peaks,  the  W.  of 
which  is  28,166  feet,  the  other,  or  E.,  27,826  feet  high. 

Kunckle,  kiink'^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  hna  a  tannery  and  2 
steam  saw-mills. 

Knnda,  koon'di,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Finland,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Wesenberg. 

Kundah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Cundah. 

Kundapoor,  a  seaport  of  India.     See  Coondapoob. 

Kun^dowlee',  Khundowli,  kQn^dSw-lee',  or  Kan- 
do  wiee  S  em 'rah,  a  town  of  India,  on  a  railway,  13 
miles  N.  of  Agra.     Pop.  6366. 

Kunduz,  a  country  of  Tartary.     See  Khoondooz. 

Kunersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia.   See  KuMMERSDOBr. 

Kung,  koong,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  in  Laristan,  op- 
posite the  island  of  Kishm,  in  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Kungrad,  kiin^gr&d',  Kungrat,  kiin^gr&t',  or  Con'> 
rad,  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  90  miles  N.  of  Khiva,  on  the 
Amoo. 

Kungur,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Koonooor. 

Kuu-Hegyes,  koon^-hSd^yfch',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
on  the  Theiss,  72  miles  E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  7272. 

Kunia,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Koonia. 

Kunie,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  IsLs:  of  Pikes. 

Kunkletown,  ktLnk'^l-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
eo.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Easton.     It  has  a  church. 

Kunkul,  kun-kai',  a  town  and  place  of  pilgrimage  in 
India,  on  the  Upper  Ganges,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Hurdwar. 

Kunnaruc,  a  village  of  India.    See  Kanarak. 

Kunnersdorf,  Kunersdorf,  koo'n^rs-doRf,  or  Ca- 
nersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Buntzlau,  on  the  Zwittebach.     Pop.  2164. 

Kunnoge,  or  Kunnaj.    See  Kanoje. 

Kunsag,  the  Hungarian  for  Cuhania. 

Kunsberg,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  KoKiasBRttCK. 

Kun-Szent-Martony,  koon-s£nt-m|R^ton',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  in  Cumania,  on  the  Koros,  70  miles  S.E.  of 
Pesth.     Pop.  9434.     It  has  a  wine-trade. 

Kun-Szent-Miklos,  koon-sSnt-mee^klosh',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  in  Cumania,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  5593. 

Knntschitz,  k35nt'shits,  Gros3,  groce,  and  Klein, 
kllne,  contiguous  villages  in  Austrian  Silesia.     Pop.  2975. 

Kuntschitz,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  near  Koniggratz, 
about  2  miles  from  Geiersberg.     Pop.  1000. 

Kunwald,  kSSn'^^ilt^  (Obeb,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  66n'- 
t^r),  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  17  miles  from  Koniggratz. 
Pop.  2308. 

Kiinzelsau,  kUn'z^l-sSw^  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Kocher,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  2319. 

Knnzendorf,  k65nt's^n-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Silesia,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1410. 

Kunzendorf,  Landeckisch,  l&n'dik-ish,  or  Gross, 
groce,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Breslau,  circle 
of  Ilabelschwerdt.     Pop.  1410. 

Knnzendorf  (Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nikdbb,  nee'd^r),  a 


village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Kreiu* 
berg.     Pop.  1330. 

Kuuzendorfy  Wachtel,  i^&E'tfl  kSSnt's^n-doRr,  • 
village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Nea- 
stadt.     Pop.  1160. 

Knopio,  koo-o'pe-o,  a  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  a 
Isen,  on  a  peninsula  in  Lake  Kalavesi,  180  miles  E.  of  Vasa. 
It  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  trade  in  timber.    Pop.  6062. 

KnopiO)  a  province  or  Isen  of  Finland,  forming  part 
of  Karelia,  and  bounded  E.  by  Russia  proper.  Area,  16,498 
square  miles.  It  is  a  great  plain,  with  many  lakes.  Pop. 
238,280. 

Knpferzell,  kSSp'f^r-tsfir,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Kupfer,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  1312. 

Kupiansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Koopiansk. 

Kupinova,  koo-pee-no'v&,  a  village  of  Slavonia,  about 
16  miles  from  GoUumbincze.     Pop.  1300. 

Ktipper,  kiip'p^r  (Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Niedeb,  nee'd^r), 
a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Liegniti.  Pop. 
1100. 

Knpperwniue,  or  Knpperwunge,  kiip-p^r-wlnj', 
a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  in  lat.  23* 
3'  N.,  Ion.  73°  9'  B.,  25  miles  E.  of  Ahmedabad. 

Knppurtnlla,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kapoorthella. 

Kiips,  kiips,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia, 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1030. 

Kur,  a  river  of  West  Asia.     See  Koor. 

Kura,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Tuskar. 

Kuramas,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Kardau,  a  village  of  Moravia.    See  Gubdau. 

Kurdistan,  a  country  of  West  Asia.    Sde  Koordistam. 

Kuremas,  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.    See  Kaba-Soo 

Kuren,  a  town  of  Mongolia.     See  Ooroa. 

Kureue,  the  Greek  for  Ctrene. 

Kurgaon,  kur-g&-5n',  a  town  of  India,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Indoor,  still  large,  and  once  flourishing. 

Kurgan,  Siberia.     See  Koorgau. 

Knr^hul',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  17  miles  S.  <^ 
Minpooree.     Pop.  6061. 

Knria  Muria  Isles.    See  Curia  Muria  Isles. 

Kurile  Islands,  Pacific.     See  Kooril  IsLAirofl. 

Kurische-Saff.    See  Cdrische-Haff. 

Knijut,  or  Kaijat,  k&r^jat',  a  town  of  the  Ahmed- 
nuggur  district,  India.     Pop.  5535. 

Kurland,  a  province  of  Russia.    See  Cocrland. 

Kurnaul,  or  Karnal,  kilr-nawl',  a  district  of  India, 
Delhi  division,  Punjab.  Area,  2352  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Kurnaul.     Pop.  610,927. 

Kurnaul ,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Kurnaul,  78  milefl 
by  canal  N.  by  W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  29,000. 

Kurnik,  kdfiR'nik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  13  miles  S.S.B.  of 
Posen.     Pop.  2658. 

Knrnool,  or  Cnrnoul,  kur-nool',  written  also  Car- 
noul,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Kurnool  district,  on 
the  Toombuddra,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Kurnool,  or  Karnul,  ktlr-nool',  a  district  of  the  Mad- 
ras presidency,  British  India.  Lat.  14°  55'-16°  15'  N. ;  Ion. 
77°  47'-79°  15'  E.  Area,  7151  square  miles.  Capital,  Kur- 
nool.    Pop.  914,432. 

Kurponhully,  a  town  of  India.    See  Harponsllt. 

Kurpoy,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Kebrpot. 

Kurrachee,  kur^rg^chee',  or  Karachee,  kiir^g,-ohee', 
the  principal  seaport  town  of  Sinde,  on  an  inlet  of  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  18  miles  from  the  West  Branch  of  the  Indus. 
Lat.  24°  47'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  56'  E.  A  railway  extendi 
henoe  to  Hyderabad.  It  stands  on  a  low,  sandy  shore,  and 
a  few  years  ago  consisted  mostly  of  straggling  huts ;  but  it 
has  been  rebuilt  and  greatly  improved,  and  is  one  of  the 
chief  seaports  of  India.  The  harbor  is  the  only  port  along 
this  coast  for  vessels  drawing  more  than  10  feet  of  water, 
and  is  sheltered  by  Cape  Munorah  and  the  Munorah  break- 
water. The  town  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1839,  and 
was  retained  as  a  military  post.     Pop.  (1891)  104,250. 

Kurrachee,  a  district  of  India,  forming  the  S.W.  angle 
of  Sinde,  having  Beloochistan  on  the  W.  and  the  sea  on  the 
S.W.  It  includes  part  of  the  delta  of  the  Indus.  Area, 
14,091  square  miles.     Capital,  Kurrachee.    Pop.  423,495. 

Knrrah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Currah. 

Kurrea,  kiir're-a,  or  Kiria,  kee're-§,  a  town  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  180  miles  S.E.  of  Khoten.     P.  20,000. 

Kurre-Saar,  the  Esthonian  for  Oesel. 

Kur'reville,  a  post-office  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo..  Mo. 

Kurrichane,  kur-re-k4'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
Bechuana  territory,  near  lat.  25°  40'  S.,  Ion.  27°  10'  E. 

Kurshee,  kur'shee  or  kSSr'shee,  also  called  Karshiy 
a  town  of  the  Bokhara  dominions,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Bok- 
hara, in  a  fe-tile  oasis.     Pop.  10,000. 


KUR 


1581 


KYT 


Kursk,  a  government  and  oity  of  Russia.    See  Koorsk. 

Kur/iwody,  Bohemia.    See  HUhnerwasser. 

Kurzolari  (koor-zo-l&'ree)  Islands  (anc.  Echinades), 
a  group  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  lat.  38°  20'  N.,  Ion.  21°  E., 
comprising  Oxia,  Makri,  and  Yroman. 

Kusba,  or  Kasba,  kiis'b&,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district 
and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Purneah.     Pop.  6288, 

Kusel)  koo'z^l,  a  town  of  Khenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Glan, 
17  miles  N.W.  jf  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  2778. 

Kushab,  kvlsh^&b',  or  Kosh^aub',  a  town  of  India, 
Punjab,  on  the  Indus,  nearly  opposite  Shahpoor.    Pop.  8509. 

Kushan,  a  pass  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh.    See  Eooshan. 

Kushvinsk,  koosh-vinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Perm. 

Kuskoquim  (kils'ko-kwim)  River,  the  second  largest 
stream  of  Alaska,  falls  into  Kuskoquim  Bay,  in  lat.  60°  N., 
Ion.  162°  W.  It  is  about  550  miles  in  length,  but  its  course 
is  not  well  known.     It  is  serviceable  for  navigation. 

KuskoTime,  a  river  of  Alaska.     See  Kuskoquiu. 

Knsnetz,  or  Knsnetsk.    See  Eooznets. 

Kiissuacht,  kiiss'n&Kt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Schwytz,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  It  is  associated  with  the  myth  of 
William  Tell.     Pop.  of  parish,  2853. 

Kiissnacht,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Lake  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2633. 

Kns^soor',  or  Ka^soor',  a  Mussulman  town  of  India, 
in  the  Punjab,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  15,209. 

Kusteudji)  kiis-t£nd'jee,  written  also  KistendUeh 
(anc.  Conatantia'na),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Boumania, 
in  the  Dobrudja,  on  the  Black  Sea,  40  miles  E.  of  Rassora, 
at  jthe  termination  of  Trajan's  Wall,  of  which  some  traces 
eim]^^  It  has  some  trade  in  com,  but  its  harbor  is  exposed 
amlrill  adapted  for  large  ships.  A  railway  connects  it  with 
CtfifrnaToda,  on  the  Danube,  and  its  port  has  improvements 
constructed  and  owned  by  an  English  mercantile  company. 

Kiistenland,  kiis't^n-l&nt^  or  Littoral e,lit-to-r&'l^, 
a  crown-land  of  Austria  (Cisleithania),  called  officially  "  Go- 
ritz,  Gradiska,  Istria,  and  Triest,"  and  consisting  of  Istria, 
with  some  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  and  of  the  mainland, 
having  Italy  on  the  W.  and  Carniola  on  the  N.  Area,  3074 
square  miles.     Capital,  Triest.     Pop.  (1890)  695,384. 

JKiistrin,  kiis-treen',  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort,  at  the  junction 
of  several  railways,  and  at  the  confluence  of  the  Wartha 
with  the  Oder.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  varied  manufactures 
and  trade,  and  extensive  grain-magazines.     Pop.  11,227. 

Kuta,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Koota. 

Kutaieh,  Kutaya,  or  Kutaiah,  koo-tl'y^h,  written 
also  Kontaieh  (anc.  Cotyse'um),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
lat.  39°  24'  N.  and  Ion.  30°  19'  E.  It  has  numerous  mosques, 
public  baths,  and  khans,  some  Greek  and  Armenian  churches, 
a  mountain-fortress,  and  many  handsome  private  buildings, 
with  gardens.  Its  trade  is  chiefly  in  corn,  cotton,  fruits, 
gall-nuts,  goats'  hair,  carpets,  and  wool.  About  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Eutaieh  are  the  interesting  Phrygian  remains, 
with  inscriptions,  and  the  troglodyte  habitations  of  Doganlu, 
supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Nicole'ia.     Pop.  40,000. 

Katais,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Kootais. 

Kutch,  a  province  of  India.     See  Cutch. 

Kutno,  koot'no,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  70 
miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  8228. 

Ka-Tsing,  a  city  of  China.    See  Eio-Tsimq. 

Kutsulee,  kut'soo-lee^,  a  considerable  walled  town  of 
British  India,  25  miles  N.  of  Meerut. 
■  Kutt'awa,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  oo.,  Ky.,  on  Cum- 
berland River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &,  South- 
western Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill  and  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory. 

Kuttenberg,  kut't^n-bdRO^  or  Kntnahora,  kUt^- 
n4-h6'ri,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Czas- 
lau.  Pop.  12,747,  mostly  employed  in  mines  of  lead,  and 
in  sugar-works,  cotton-mills,  <fcc.  It  has  an  oberrealsohule, 
and  a  noble  old  Gothic  church,  never  completed. 

Kut'tra,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  Rohil- 
ound  division.     Pop.  5678. 

Kuttangee,  Katangi,  k&tHun-ghee',  or  Kuttin- 
ghee,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  22  miles  N.W. 
of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  3353. 

Kuttup,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Cuttup. 

Kuty,  koo'tee,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galioia,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  5758. 

Katztown,  kSSts'tdwn,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  oo., 


Pa.,  in  Maxatawny  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading,  and  20  miles  S.W. 
of  AUentown.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  state  normal  school,  and  2  or  3  newspaper 
offices,  also  an  iron-furnace,  a  foundry,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Limestone  and  iron  ore  abound  here.     Pop.  1 198. 

Knzistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Ehoozistan. 

Kvaloe,  Norway.     See  HvalSe. 

Kwallisch,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Qualiscut. 

Kwang-Ping,  a  city  of  China.    See  Qdang-Pino. 

Kwang-Si,  a  province  of  China.    See  Qdano-Sbe. 

Kwang-Sin-Foo,  China.    See  QcAMe-SiN-Foo. 

Kwang-Tung,  China.    See  Quang-Tong. 

Kwei-Chu,  a  province  of  China.     See  Koei-Choo. 

Kwei-Lin,  or  Quei>Ling,  kwi^-ling'  or  kwr-ling*, 
China,  capital  of  Quang-See,  235  miles  N.W.  of  Canton. 

Kwei-Te,  or  Kouei-Te,kwi'-ti' or  kwr-ti',  written 
also  Kwi-Te,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ho-Nan,  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Kai-Fung. 

Kwei-Yang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Koei-Tang. 

Kwen-Lun,  Central  Asia.    See  Kubn-Lu». 

Kwi-Choo,  or Kwei-Chu,  China.     See  Eoei-Choo. 

Kwikhpak,  kwik-pik',  a  river  of  Alaska,  one  of  the 
outlets  or  delta-arms  of  the  great  river  Yukon.  It  is  wide 
and  shallow,  and  its  length  is  about  52  miles.  The  Rus- 
sians often  give  this  name  to  the  river  Yukon. 

Ky^angheen',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  Pegu  di- 
vision.    Pop.  8211. 

Kyangle  (ki'ing-gh§l)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  North 
Pacific.     Lat.  8°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  134°  50'  E. 

Kyen-Dwem,  a  river  of  Burmah.   See  EHTBM-D^rBii. 

Ky'ger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  9  milea 
S.W.  of  Pomeroy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Kygow,  the  Moravian  name  of  Gaya. 

Kyholm,  kii'hplm,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  near  th« 
island  of  Samsde. 

Ky'lertown,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Morris  township,  about  15  miles  £.  of  Clearfield.  It  hu 
a  church  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kyle's,  kilz,  a  station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Kyle's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn.,on 
the  Clinch  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Rogersville. 

Kyle's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Cape  Fear  River,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Kyles  of  Bute,  a  narrow  arm  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
Scotland,  between  the  N.W.  part  of  the  Isle  of  Bute  and 
the  mainland  of  the  county  of  Argyle. 

Kymi,  Greece.    See  Eumi. 

Kymnlga,  Alabama.    See  Eimulga. 

Kyonk  Phyoo,  ki-dwk'  fi-oo',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Aracan,  capital  of  the  Ramree  district,  at  the  N.  end  of 
Ramree  Island,  with  an  excellent  harbor.  Lat.  19°  24'  N.; 
Ion.  93°  34'  E.  It  is  the  only  port  of  Aracan  accessible 
during  the  S.W.  monsoon.     Pop.  2667. 

Kyparissia,  ke-p&-ris-see'&  (also  called  Cyparissia, 
sip^i-ris-see'i,  and  Arka'dia),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  on  the  Gulf  of  Arkadia,  24  miles  N.  of  Navarino. 
Anciently  it  was  a  commercial  port  of  much  importance, 
and  in  the  Middle  Ages  was  one  of  the  twelve  Frankish 
strongholds  in  the  Morea.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity. 
Its  roadstead  is  very  good,  and  the  town  has  some  ancient 
remains.     Pop.  2959.     See  Arcadia. 

Kyraghur,  ki-r&-giir',  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,  113 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nagpoor. 

Kyranuh,  ki-r&n'uh,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30 
miles  W.  of  Mozuffernuggur.     Pop.  16,953. 

Kyree,  kiVee',  Der'a  and  Gur'ree,  two  villages  of 
Sinde,  respectively  12  and  37  miles  N.  of  Larkhana. 

Kyreeghnr,  ki-ree-giir',  a  town  of  India,  136  milei 
N.W.  of  Oude,  on  the  Eali. 

Kyritz,  kee'rits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 53  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  manufactureo 
of  woollen  cloth,  beer,  and  liquors.     Pop.  4666. 

Kyserike,  ki'z^r-ik,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Rosendale. 

Kysorville,  ki'zpr-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co., 
N.Y.,  on  a  canal,  8  miles  N.  of  Dansville. 

Kyssperk,  Bohemia.     See  Geiersberg. 

Kyte  River,  Illinois.    See  Flagg  Centre. 

Kythul,  or  Kaithal,  klHhiil',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  35  miles  W.  of  Kurnaul.  It  has  a  fine  palace  and 
large  sal-ammoniac-works.     Pop.  14,940. 


/ 


LAA 


1582 


LAB 


L. 


L,aa,  1&,  or  Laha,  li'i,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Thaya,  SO'milea  N.  of  "Vienna.     Pop.  2489. 

Laab,  or  Lab,  lip,  a  village  of  Hungary,  Hither  Dan- 
ube, 12  miles  from  Presburg.     Pop.  1300. 

Laach,  liK,  a  small  lake  of  Prussia,  17  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Coblentz.  "  It  occupies  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano. 

Laadendorf,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Ladendorf. 

Laaland,  li'lind,  or  Lolland,  lol'l4nd  (i.e.,  "Low- 
land"), an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  between  lat. 
64°  38'  and  54°  58'  N.  and  Ion.  11°  and  11°  52'  E.  Area, 
462  square  miles.  Pop,  62,953.  Surface  low  and  level.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  fertile  of  the  Danish  islands,  producing 
fine  crops  of  corn,  hemp,  hops,  apples,  and  timber. 

La  Albuera,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Albueea. 

La  Antigua,  a  town  of  the  Canaries.    See  Antigua. 

Laarat,  a  Malay  island.    See  Larat. 

Laas,  lis,  a  village  of  Tyrol,  circle  of  Botzen,  near 
Schlanders."  Pop.  1238. 

Laasphe,  lis'f^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  36 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Lahn.  Pop.  2115,  engaged 
in  woollen-cloth-factories  and  iron-works. 

Laba,  li'bi,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Circassia,  rises  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Caucasus,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  170 
miles,  joins  the  Kooban. 

La  Baca.    See  Lavaca. 

Labaddie,  or  Labadie,  lib'^ee,  s  post-village  of 
Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River  and  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches. 

Labadieville,  li'bi-de-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Assump- 
tion parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  67  miles  W.  of  New 
Orleans.     It  has  a  church  and  a  convent. 

La  Baie,  or  La  Bale  dn  Febvre,  or  Saint  An- 
toine  de  la  Baie  du  Febvre,  siNt  &M«Hwin'  d^h  li  bi 
dii  fSvR,  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  Lake  St.  Peter,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  several  stores.     Pop.  800. 

La'ban,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Kansas,  6  miles  S. 
of  Beloit. 

La  BaAeza,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  BaSeza. 

La  Barra,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Barra. 

Labarre,  li^baR',  or  He'bertville,  a  post-village  in 
Ohiooutimi  co.,  Quebec,  near  the  S.  shore  of  the  Saguenay 
River,  45  miles  W.  of  Chicoutimi.  It  contains  several 
stores  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  300. 

La  Barthe-de-Neste,  li  baRt-d^h-ndst,  a  village  of 
Prance,  in  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  12  miles  E.  of  Bagn6res-de- 
Bigorre.     Pop.  812. 

Lab^ashee'da,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Clare,  10 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Eilrosh,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  in 
the  Shannon. 

La  Bass6e,  li  bis^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Canal  of  La  Bass6e,  at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Lille.     Pop.  3053. 

La  Basse  Mazi^re,  li  biss  mi^ze-aiR',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Correze,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1379. 

Labastida,  li-bis-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay, 
province  of  Alava,  30  miles  from  Vittoria.     Pop.  2095. 

La  Bathie,  li  biHee'  (L.  Bctstita),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Moutiers.     Pop.  1265. 

Labatlan,  loh^bSt^Iin',  a  village  of  Hungary,  2  miles 
from  Neudorf.     Pop.  1412. 

La  Battaglia,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Battaglia. 

La  Baume,  or  La  Beaume,  li  bSme,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Arddche,  6^  miles  from  Aubenas.  It  is  pictu- 
resquely situated  under  a  mass  of  basalt  occupying  the  angle 
of  a  valley  nearly  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Fontaulier 
with  the  Ardfeche.  Crowning  a  lofty  point  between  these 
streams  stand  the  ruins  of  a  castle  which  belonged  to  the 
dukes  of  Ventadour.  Pop.  1190.  Several  villages  of  France 
have  the  name  of  La  Baume. 

La  Baussaine,  li  bo^sin',  a  village  of  France,  in 
lUe-et-Vilaine,  near  Saint-Malo.     Pop.  of  commune,  1095. 

Labayet,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Obeid. 

L'Abbaye,  lib'bi',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  on  the  Joux.     Pop.  1220. 

Labe,  a  river  of  Germany.  See  Elbe. 
La  Beauce,  li  bsss,  or  Sainte  Marie  de  la 
Beauce,  sint  mi'ree'  d§h  li  b5s8,  a  post- village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  ChaudiSre,  30i 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Quebec.  It  has  mills  and  stores,  a  col- 
lege, 4  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  tanneries,  and  copper-  and 
manganese-mines.  Pop.  1000. 
Labee,  Labe,  or  Laby,  li'bee\  a  town  of  Africa,  in 


Poota-Jallon,  230  miles  N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone.    Lat.  11°  10* 
N.;  Ion.  8°  30'  W.     Pop.  about  5000. 

La  Belgique,  the  French  name  of  Belgium. 

La  Belie,  li  bSl,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  in 
La  Belle  township,  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Quincy,  111.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  5  stores. 

Labelle,  19,-bfiir,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  8 
miles  from  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

La  JSelie-Alliance,  li  bSll-irie-ftNss',  a  farm-house 
of  Belgium,  in  the  field  of  Waterloo,  on  the  right  side  of  the 
high-road  to  Brussels,  and  about  2  miles  S.  of  Mont  Saint- 
Jean.  Here  Napoleon  marshalled  his  guards  for  their  last 
effort  at  Waterloo,  and  here  Wellington  and  Bliicher  met 
after  the  battle  was  gained. 

La  Belle  Riviere,  Ohio.    See  Ohio  River. 

Labellum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Layello. 

Labem,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Ausseog. 

Laber,  li'b^r,  the  name  of  several  small  rivers  of  Ba 
varia,  tributaries  to  the  Danube.  A  village  on  one  of 
these,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ratisbon,  has  1526  inhabitants,  2 
churches,  a  castle,  and  iron-manufactures. 

Labes,  li'bis,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  42  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Stettin.  Pop.  5010.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth  and  serge. 

Labette,  li-bet',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas, 
bordering  on  the  Indian  Territory,  has  an  area  ,of  649 
square  miles.  The  Neosho  River  flows  southward  through 
the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  which  is  also  drained  b^J^ 
Labette  and  by  small  affluents  of  the  Verdigris  River.  1 P^ 
surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  it  (about  90  per  cent.)  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and 
limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas,  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco, 
and  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Oswego.  Pop.  in  1870,  9973 ;  in  1875, 14,571 ;  in  1880, 
22,735 ;  in  1890,  27,586. 

Labette,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  530. 

Labette,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fe  Texas  Railroad. 
9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Parsons.     Pop.  282. 

Labette  River,  a  stream  of  Kansas,  rises  in  Neosho 
CO.,  flows  S.  by  E.  through  Labette  co.,  and  joins  the  Neosho 
near  Chetopa. 

Labiau,  li'be-3w\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Kdnigsberg,  on  the  Deine.  Pop.  4487.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  and  leather. 

Labinius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Laving. 

La  Biolle,  li  be-oll'  (L.  Betulletum),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Daisse,  at  the  foot  of  Montfalcon, 
12  miles  N.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1429. 

La  Bisbal,  li  bees-bil',  a  town  of  Spain,  10  miles  B. 
of  Glerona,  with  a  bridge  on  the  Adaro.     Pop.  4237. 

Labiszin,  or  Labischin,  li^be-sheen',  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, 13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  2370. 

Labober,  li-bo'bSn,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, 18  miles  ofiF  the  N.W.  coast  of  Timor  Laut. 

La  Bo'ca,  a  station  in  Utah  00.,  Utah,  on  the  Ameri- 
can Fork  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork. 

La  Bohalle,  li  bo^hill',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine 
et-Loire,  near  Angers.     Pop.  of  commune,  1075. 

La  Bonte,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Labooan,  an  island  near  Borneo.    See  Labuan. 

Laboon,  Laboun,  or  Labun,  li'boon,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Khorim,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Zhitomeer.     Pop.  3250. 

Labor  (or  Hard  Labor)  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  east 
ward  through  Morgan  co.  to  the  Appalachee  River. 

La  Boucane  (li  boo^kin')  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Ascen- 
sion parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  1  mile  from  Don- 
aldsonville.     It  has  several  stores. 

La  Bouille,  li  bool  or  li  boo'y^h,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine-Inferieure,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Seine.  In  its  vicinity  is  a  quarry  with  stal- 
actitic  grottos.     Pop.  652. 

La  Bourbonle,  li  booR'bool',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in 
PUy-de-D8me,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand,  on  the 
Dordogne,  with  mineral  springs  and  baths. 

Labrador,  labVa-d5r',  a  peninsula  on  the  E.  coast  of 
British  North  America,  lat.  from  50°  to  65°  N.  and  Ion.  66° 
to  78°  W.,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  Atlantic,  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  Hudson 


LAB 


1583 


LAO 


Strait  and  Hudson's  Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Rupert's  River, 
Lake  Mistassini,  and  Betsiamites  River.  Extreme  length, 
1100  miles;  breadth,  470  miles.  Area,  450,000  square  miles, 
or  about  equal  to  the  British  Islands,  Franco,  and  Prussia 
combined.  Blano  Sablon,  near  the  mouth  of  the  ITorth- 
West  River,  is  the  E.  boundary  of  the  part  of  the  peninsula 
included  in  Quebec,  which  includes  the  whole  area  draining 
into  the  river  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  portion  be- 
longing to  Newfoundland  is  that  which  is  drained  by  rivers 
flowing  into  the  Atlantic.  The  remaining  area,  draining 
into  Hudson's  Bay,  is  called  East  Main,  and  is  included  in 
the  North-West  Territories  of  Canada. 

The  interior  of  Labrador  is  imperfectly  known.  It  is 
sterile,  and,  where  the  country  is  not  burned,  cariboo  moss 
covers  the  rooks.  The  whole  of  the  table-land  is  strewed 
with  boulders,  which  are  perched  on  the  summit  of  every 
mountain  and  hill,  often  on  the  edges  of  cliffs. 

The  principal  watershed  is  formed  by  the  Wotchish  Moun- 
tains. The  principal  rivers  are  the  East  Main,  or  Stude, 
which  flows  W.  into  the  S.E.  extremity  of  James's  Bay  j 
the  Great  and  Little  Whale  Rivers,  which  flow  in  the  same 
direction  and  fall  into  Hudson's  Bay ;  the  Kenoganissee 
and  Caniapusoaw,  which,  flowing  respectively  N.B.  and 
N.W.,  unite  and  fall  into  Ungava  Bay ;  and  the  Meshicke- 
mau  or  North-West  River,  which  flows  E.  into  the  Strait 
of  Belle  Isle.    The  lakes  are  very  numerous. 

The  prevailing  rooks  on  the  coast  are  granite,  gneiss, 
and  mica-slate.  Above  these,  in  some  parts,  is  a  bed  of 
old  red  sandstone,  about  200  feet  thick,  followed  by  sec- 
ondary limestone.  Towards  the  interior  the  secondary  for- 
mations disappear  and  the  primary  become  predominant. 
The  surface,  when  seen  at  a  distance  from  the  sea,  has  a 
green  and  alluvial  appearance,  but  is  found,  on  examina- 
tion, to  be  covered  with  moss  and  stunted  shrubs.  In  the 
valleys,  where  the  soil  is  sandy  and  the  temperature  con- 
siderably above  the  average,  juniper,  birch,  and  poplar 
trees  are  found  growing,  and  form  a  covert  during  the 
summer  for  deer,  bears,  wolves,  foxes,  martens,  otters,  Ac, 
till  the  approach  of  winter  drives  them  to  the  coast. 

The  climate  is  too  severe  to  ripen  any  of  the  ordinary 
cereals.  Barley,  sown  and  cut  green,  makes  excellent  fod- 
der ;  potatoes  and  several  species  of  culinary  vegetables  do 
well.  The  whole  of  this  vast  wilderness  is  uninhabited  by 
civilized  man,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  settlements  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic  coasts,  and  some  widely- 
separated  posts  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company.  Wandering 
tribes  of  Esquimaux  occupy  the  N.  coast  of  Labrador, 
while  Naskapee,  Mistassini,  and  Montagnais  Indians  are 
thinly  scattered  over  the  interior.  The  exports,  which  are 
chiefly  through  Newfoundland,  are  codfish,  salmon,  seal 
and  whale  oil,  and  furs.  Once  the  country  was  rich  in  fur- 
bearing  animals  and  cariboo  or  reindeer,  but  these  are  now 
greatly  reduced  in  numbers.  On  the  E.  side  hardly  any- 
thing is  known  beyond  the  coast. 

The  Indians  who  inhabit  the  interior  of  Labrador  are  all 
of  the  Algonquin  race.  Nearly  all  of  them  profess  the 
Roman  Catholic  faith.  They  bring  down  furs  to  the  coast, 
and  exchange  them  for  ammunition  and  clothing.  The 
Esquimaux  of  Labrador  live  almost  entirely  by  fishing. 
They  are  partially  Christianized  and  civilized,  through 
the  exertions  of  Moravian  missionaries.  They  exchange 
furs,  oil,  and  whalebone  for  ammunition,  guns,  and  clothing 
at  the  settlements.  They  are  mild,  hospitable,  and  honest. 
During  the  brief  Labrador  summer  the  whole  coast,  for 
600  miles  N.  of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  swarms  with  fisher- 
men from  Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia,  Quebec,  and  the 
United  States,  engaged  in  the  capture  and  cure  of  seal,  cod, 
salmon,  salmon-trout,  and  herring. 

Labrador  was  discovered  by  Cabot  in  1496,  and  re- 
discovered by  Hudson  in  1610.  The  European  settlements, 
all  on  the  E.  coast,  consist  of  Forteau  and  Bradore  Bays, 
Anse  Le  Blanc,  and  the  Moravian  stations  Nain,  Okkak, 
Hopedale,  Hebron,  Zoar,  and  Ramah.  The  Hudson  Bay 
Company  have  several  settlements  in  Labrador,  and  receive 
valuable  furs  from  it.  The  total  population  is  supposed  to 
be  about  7000. 

Labrador,  the  N.E.  portion  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  river  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
on  the  N.  by  the  North-Weat  Territories,  on  the  E.  by  that 
part  of  Labrador  belonging  to  Newfoundland,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  counties  of  Chicoutimi  and  Saguenay.  Area, 
86.000  square  miles.     Pop.  3699. 

Labran,  Fremont  co.,  Col.    See  Florence. 

Ejabr^de,  li^braid',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  11 
<niles  S.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1499. 

La  Brenne,  1&  brSnn,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  the 
firovinces  of  Touraine  and  Berry.    The  name  is  still  pre- 


served in  the  marshy  district  between  Ch^teauroux  and  La 
Blano,  department  of  Indre. 

La  Bresse,  l4  brdss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Yosges, 
arrondissement  of  Remiremont.     Pop.  1560. 

La  Brevine,  1&  br&Veen',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  15  miles  W.  of  Neufch&tel.  Pop.  1559,  en- 
gaged in  watch-  and  lace-making  and  working  in  metals. 

Labrit,  l&^bree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  16 
miles  N.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  It  was  formerly  a  town 
called  Albret,  capital  of  the  old  duchy  of  Albret,  and  has 
ruins  of  a  castle  of  Henry  IV.     Pop.  1143. 

La  Broqae,  1&  brCk,  a  village  of  France,  in  Yosges, 
arrondissement  of  Saint-Di6,     Pop.  of  commune,  2723. 

La  Bruca,  1&  broo'ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Porcari  in  the  Gulf  of  Catania,  3  miles  N.  of  Agosta. 
The  vicinity  is  strewed  with  ruins  supposed  to  mark  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Portua  Pantaaiua. 

Labrugui^re,  l&^brii^ghe-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1650. 

Labuan,  l3,-boo-&n',  an  island  and  British  colony,  6 
miles  from  the  N.W.  coast  of  Borneo,  in  lat.  5°  20'  N.,  Ion. 
115°  12'  E.  Area,  45  square  miles.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  a 
thick  bed  of  coal  (which  is  mined),  and  a  short  railway. 
Labuan  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see,  and  is  an  important 
commercial  depot  for  camphor,  sago,  wax,  india-rubber, 
rattans,  hides,  trepang,  and  British  goods  designed  for  tb<» 
Borneo  trade.     Capital,  Victoria.     Pop.  4898. 

Labuda,  Illinois.    See  Keokuk  Junction. 

Labu-Hadji,  li^boo-hi'jee,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Lombok. 

Labun,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Laboon. 

Laby,  a  town  of  Western  Africa.    See  Labee. 

L'Acadie,  l4-k4-dee',  a  post-village  in  St.  John's  co., 
Quebec,  on  Little  Montreal  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  20i  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  500. 

La  Calle,  1&  k&l  or  1&  k&l'l4,  the  most  eastern  seaport 
town  of  Algeria,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Mediterranean,  300 
miles  E.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  4500.     It  has  a  coral-fishery. 

La  Camargue,  1&  k&^maRg',  a  populous  island  of 
France,  department  of  Bouches-du-Rhdne,  formed  by  the 
two  arms  of  the  river  Rhone  at  its  mouth.  Length,  26 
miles;  mean  breadth,  11  miles.  More  than  half  the  sur- 
face is  covered  with  marshes,  but  the  remainder  is  extremely 
fertile.  On  the  borders  of  the  marshes  salt  is  formed  nat- 
urally, and  is  an  object  of  great  importance  to  the  island. 

La  Campana,  Spain.    See  Campana. 

La  Ca&ada,  \i  kan-y&'dd.,  a  village  of  Rio  Arriba  co., 
New  Mexico,  near  the  Rio  Grande,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Santa 
F6.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Canardi^re,  1&  k&^naRMe-aiR',  a  scattered  village 
in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  river  St. 
Charles,  opposite  the  city  of  Quebec.  It  contains  the  Beau- 
port  Lunatic  Asylum.     Pop.  500. 

La  Canonrgue,  1&  k&^nooRg',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lozere,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marvejols,  on  the  Urugue,  near  its 
confluence  with  the  Lot.  It  is  a  centre  of  the  manufac- 
tures of  serges  and  other  woollen  goods.     Pop.  1830. 

LacantuU)  l&-k4n-toon',  a  river  of  Central  America. 
It  rises  in  Guatemala,  lat.  15°  25'  N.  and  about  Ion.  92° 
W.,  and  flows  first  E.  for  about  60  miles,  when  it  is  joined 
by  a  branch  coming  from  the  vicinity  of  Salama.  It  now 
turns  N.  for  about  24  miles,  then  W.N.W.  for  60  miles, 
receives  La  Passion,  and  about  75  miles  below  joins  the 
Usumasinta.  The  united  stream,  after  a  course  of  210  miles, 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  Lago  de  Terminos.  The 
whole  course  is  thus  about  430  miles ;  but  its  upper  part  is 
little  known. 

La  Capelle,  li  k&-pfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  1'^ 
miles  N.  of  Vervins,  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  1676. 

La  Capelle-Marival,  14  k4'p5ir-m4'reeV4r,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Lot,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Figeac.    Pop.  1525. 

La  Capesterre,  14  k4'pis^taiR',  or  Le  Marigot,  l^b 
m4Vee^go',  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  island  of  Guade- 
loupe, 9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Basse-Terre,  at  the  S.E.  angle  of 
the  island,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  RiviJlre-aux-P^res.  Pop. 
6100.     See  also  Capesterre. 

La  Carlota,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Carlota. 

La  Carne,  14  kam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  in 
Erie  township,  near  Lake  Erie,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  2  churches  and  about  20  families. 

La  Carneille,  14  kaR^n4l',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Orne,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Alenp on.     Pop.  1500. 

La  Carolina,  14  k4-ro-lee'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  3< 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1305. 

La  Carolina,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 
partment of  Cundinamarca,  province  of  Antioquia.  P.  1500. 


LAU 


1684 


l4Afil 


Lacasine,  or  Lakassine,  l&k^as-seen',  a  post-ham- 
let of  Calcasieu  parish,  La.,  160  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morgan 
City.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  rice-mill. 

Lacaune,  li'kSn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  28 
miles  B.N.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1406. 

Lacaze,  l&^kiz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  387. 

Lacborg,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Lautbnbubo. 

liaccadive  (lik'ka-div^)  Isles  (called  by  the  natives 
Lakaradeevh,  the  "  hundred  thousand  islands"),  a  group  of 
low  coral  islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  extending  between 
lat.  10°  and  12°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  and  74°  E.,  about  150 
miles  W.  of  the  Malabar  coast.  They  consist  of  17  princi- 
pal and  many  smaller  isles.  Anderot,  or  Underoot,  the 
largest,  is  3  miles  long.  They  have  an  aggregate  population 
of  6800  Mohammedans,  called  Moplays.  Most  of  the  islands 
are  uninhabited.  The  principal  products  are  coir,  jaggery, 
ooGoa-  and  betel-nuts,  with  some  rice,  sweet  potatoes,  and 
small  cattle.  The  islands  were  discovered  by  Vasco  da 
Gama  in  1499. 

Lacchiarella,  lik-ke-i-rfil'li  (L.  Lactarel'la),  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  2  miles  E.S.B.  of  Binasco,  on  the  Olona,  with 
the  remains  of  an  old  castle  of  some  celebrity.     Pop.  3809. 

Lacco,  lik'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  island  of  Ischia.     Pop.  1593. 

Tjac  de  Come,  Italy.    See  Lago  di  Couo. 

Lac  de  Geneve,  Europe.    See  Lake  of  Gbnkva. 

Lac  de  la  Piuie.    See  Rainy  Lake. 

Lac  de  I'EscIave.    See  Great  Slave  Lake. 

Lac  de  I'IsIe  k  la  Crosse,  I3.k  d^h  leel  &  1&  kross, 
a  lake  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Canada,  in  lat.  55°  25' 
N.,  Ion.  107°  64'  30"  W.  It  is  60  miles  long,  collects  the 
various  sources  of  Churchill  River,  and  yields  good  fish 
both  in  winter  and  in  summer.  Here  is  an  important  post 
of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company. 

Lac  de  P6rouse,  Italy.    See  Lake  of  Perugia. 

Lac  des  Bois.    See  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Lac  des  Milles  Lacs,  l&k  di  meel  l&k,  a  lake  of 
the  N.W.  portion  of  Ontario,  Canada.  Its  waters  flow  to 
Bainy  Lake  through  the  river  La  Seine. 

Lac  des  Montagues,  Canada.    See  Athabasca. 

Lac  du  Buffle,  Canada.    See  Buffalo  Lake. 

Lac  du  Graud  Ours.    See  Great  Bear  Lake. 

Lacedaemon,  las-e-dee'mon  {Qr.  AoKtSaUniav,  LakSdai- 
«edn),  an  ancient  Grecian  state,  of  which  Sparta  was  the 
capital.    See  Laconia. Adj.  and  inhab.  Lacbd.«mo'nian. 

Lacedogna,  14-chJ,-d6n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ariano.  Pop.  6132.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see. 

Lacelle,  li-sell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Knox  township,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Osceola.  It  has  2 
churches. 

La  Cen'ter,  a  post-offioe  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Lacepede  (l&s's^-peed^)  Bay,  South  Australia,  is  that 
part  of  Encounter  Bay  immediately  N.  of  Cape  Bernodlli. 

Lacepede  Islands,  a  group  of  low  sandy  islands, 
N.W.  of  Australia,  ofiF  Dampier. 

La'cey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co.,  Ark.,  18  miles  S.W. 
of  Collins  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lacey,  a  hamlet  of  Be  Kalb  oo.,  HI.,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Rockford.     It  has  a  cheese- factory. 

Lacey,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  7  miles  N.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Lacey  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 

Lacey  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  Va., 
V  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisonburg. 

La'ceyville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  0. 

Laceyville,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Braintree  township,  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania &  New  York  Railroad,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

La  Chaise-Dieu,  li  shiz-de-uh'  {i.e.,  "house  of 
God"),  a  town  of  France,  Haute-Loire,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Le  Puy.  Pop.  1755.  It  has  the  remains  of  a  famous  abbey 
( Caga  Dei)  founded  in  the  eleventh  century. 

La  Chapelle  aux  Bois,  1&  shi^pfili'  o  bwi,  a  town 
of  France,  Vosges,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Epinal.     P.  1117. 

La  Chapelle  aux  Pots,  li  shi^plu'  o  po,  a  town  of 
France,  Oise,  arrondissement  of  Beauvais,  with  extensive 
manufactures  of  pottery-ware. 

La  Chapelle  d'Aligne,  li  shi'pSU'  diMeen',  a  town 
of  France,  Sarthe,  arrondissement  of  La  FlSche.     P.  1758. 

La  Chapelle  en  Vecors,  li  shi^pfiir  6n»  v§h-koH',  a 
town  of  France,  Dr6me,  25  miles  E.  of  Valence.    Pop.  1320. 

La  Chapelle  Janson,  li  shi^pSir  zh6N"^s6M»',  a  town 
of  France,  5  miles  E.  of  Foug^res.     Pop.  1882. 

La  Chapelle  Saint-Denis,  li  shi'pfiU'  siN»-d«h- 


nee',  a  town  of  France^  Seine,  3  miles  S.  of  Saint-Deni» 
near  Paris,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  31,993. 

La  Chapelle  Saint-Mesmin,l&  shi^pSll'  siN«-miz^. 
miK»',  a  town  of  France,  Loiret,  arrondissement  of  Orl6ans, 
on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Tours.     Pop.  1848. 

La  Chapelle  Saint- Sauveur,  li  shi^pSir  siiio-sQV 
vur',  a  town  of  France,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Ma,con.    Pop.  1144. 

La  Chapelle  Volant,  li  shi^pfiU'  vo-16no',  a  town 
of  France,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1622. 

La  Charit6,  li  shi^reeHi',  a  town  of  France,  in  NiSvre,^ 
on  the  Loire,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  14  milea 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Nevers.  Pop.  4776.  It  has  blast- 
furnaces, and  manufactures  of  steel,  files,  <fec. 

La  Chartre,  li  shaRt'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on 
the  Loire,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1503. 

La  Ch&tre,  li  shat'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Ch^teauroux,  on  the  Indre.  Pop.  4364.  It 
has  the  remnant  of  a  castle,  a  fine  church,  extensive 
leather-  and  woollen-factories,  and  an  active  trade  in  wool, 
goat-skins,  and  chestnuts. 

Lachen,  li'K^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  13- 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwytz,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of 
Zurich.     Pop.  1555. 

Lachenaie,  li^shen^i',  or  Saint  Charles  du  Lac» 
sin"  shaRl  dii  lik,  a  post-village  in  L'Assomption  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  N.  side  of  Jesus  River,  4i  miles  E.  of  Terre- 
bonne.    It  has  a  steam  grist-  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

La  Cheylard,  li  shi'laR'  (or  Chaylard),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  ArdSche,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tournon^ 
on  the  Dome.  Pop.  2374.  It  has  salt-mines,  tanneries, 
and  trade  in  cattle. 

La  Chine,  the  French  name  of  China. 

Lachine,  li^sheen',  a  town  in  Jacques  Cartier  oo., 
Quebec,  on  Lake  St.  Louis,  opposite  Caughnawaga,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.  It 
is  the  summer  residence  of  many  city  people,  and  a  favorite 
resort  of  pleasure-parties  during  the  winter.  It  contains  a 
large  tannery,  a  convent,  several  stores,  a  brewery,  hotels, 
churches,  schools,  &o.  There  is  a  canal  from  this  point  to 
Montreal  (9  miles)  to  avoid  the  Laohine  Rapids.  All  th* 
commerce  between  Montreal  and  the  West  (by  water)  passes 
through  this  canal.  Lachine  is  the  starting-place  for  tht 
Ottawa  line  of  steamers,  and  the  steamers  for  Kingston, 
Toronto,  and  Hamilton.     Pop.  1696. 

Lachine  Rapids,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  are  situ- 
ated between  Laohine  and  Montreal.  They  present  a  scene 
of  great  attraction.  Steamers  often  descend  or  "  shoot"  the 
rapids,  an  exciting  and  thrilling  feat. 

Lachlan,  lik'l^n,  a  river  of  East  Australia,  rises  by 
several  heads  in  the  cos.  of  King  and  Bathurst,  New  Soutb 
Wales,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Murrumbidgee  to  form  the 
Murray  River,  near  lat.  34°  30'  S.,  Ion.  144°  10'  E,  In  the 
last  part  of  its  course  it  expands  into  extensive  marshes. 
Length,  700  miles. 

La  Chroma,  li  kro'mi,  an  islet  of  the  Adriatic,  on  the 
coast  of  Dalmatia,  1  mile  S.  of  Ragusa. 

Lachsa,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Lahsa. 

Lachute,  li^shiit',  the  chief  town  of  Argenteuil  ce., 
Quebec,  is  situated  on  the  North  River,  45  miles  N.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  4  stores,  2  churohe8» 
and  3  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Lacinium  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Nau. 

La  Cinta,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico 

La  Ciotat,  France.     See  Ciotat. 

Lacipea,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Talarrubias. 

La  Ciudad,  Spain.     See  IV19A. 

Lack,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  bounded  S.E.  by 
the  Tuscarora  Mountain.     Pop.  1290. 

Lack'awack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  io 
Wawarsing  township,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  EUenville.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  lumber,  and 
blue  flagstone. 

Lack^awau'na,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
Tania,  has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Lackawanna  River,  is  partly  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Lehigh 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Anthracite 
coal  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The  rocks  which  under- 
lie this  county  are  Devonian  and  carboniferous.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad^ 
and  by  other  railroads,  which  converge  at  Scranton,  the 
capital.  It  was  organized  in  1878,  before  which  it  wa« 
part  of  Luzerne  co.    Pop.  in  1880,  89,269 ;  in  1890, 142,088. 

Lackawanna,  a  post-village  in  Lackawanna  town- 
ship, Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lackawanna  River,  and 
on  the  Lackawanna  Jk  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Scranton.     It  has  6  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here,  and 


LAC 


1585 


LAO 


the  Tillage  has  several  coal-hreakers.  The  township  con- 
tains a  Tillage  named  Minooka.     Pop.  of  township,  6133. 

Lackawanna  River,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Susque- 
hanna 00.,  and  runs  southward  to  Carbondale,  below  which 
it  runs  southwestward  in  Laokawanna  co.  and  enters  the 
Susquehanna  River  at  Pittston.  Rich  mines  of  anthracite 
occur  in  the  Talley  of  this  riTcr.  The  chief  towns  on  its 
banks  are  Scranton  and  Carbondale.  The  S.W.  part  of  the 
^  Lackawanna  Valley  opens  into  that  of  Wyoming,  so  that 
they  form  one  continuous  long,  narrow  Talley.  This  Talley 
nearly  coincides  with  the  Wyoming  and  Laokawanna  coal- 
basin,  which  is  about  55  miles  long  and  extends  through 
Laokawanna  co.  in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction.  It  is  bounded 
on  two  sides  by  high  ridges,  which  unite  at  each  end  of  the 
Talley.  The  Talley,  or  coal-basin,  is  about  5  miles  wide  in 
the  middle,  and  tapers  to  each  end.  This  unique  and  in- 
teresting coal-field  produces  nearly  half  of  all  the  anthra- 
cite that  is  mined  in  the  United  States. 

Lack^awan'nock  Moantain,  PennsylTania,  ex- 
tends from  the  Susquehanna  northeastward  along  the  N.W. 
side  of  Lackawanna  RiTcr  for  25  or  80  miles.  The  aTerage 
height  is  about  800  feet.  This  mountain,  together  with  the 
Nantiooke  and  Shawnee  Mountains,  of  which  it  may  be  re- 
garded as  the  continuation,  constitutes  the  N.W.  boundary 
of  the  Lackawanna  or  Wyoming  coal-Talley,  the  Wyoming 
and  Moosic  Mountains  forming  the  S.B.  boundary.  This 
Talley  is  near  70  miles  long,  and  from  5  to  6  miles  wide. 

Lack^awax'ea,  a  post-village  in  Laokawaxen  town- 
ship. Pike  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Laokawaxen  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Honesdale  Branch,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Honesdale.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1757. 

Lackawaxen  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Wayne 
CO.,  and  runs  S.E.  to  Pike  co.,  through  which  it  flows  E.  until 
it  enters  the  Delaware  at  Lackawaxen. 

La  Clair,  a  post-office  of  De  Ealb  co..  111.,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Mendota. 

La  Clayette,  l&  kWitt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sadne- 
et-Loire,  10  miles  S.  of  Charolles.     Pop.  1671. 

Laclede,  la-kleed',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part 
of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Osage  Fork  of  the  Gasconade,  and  by  the  Grand  Auglaize 
River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  uneTcn  or  hilly, 
and  is  extensiTely  coTered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  which 
crosses  it  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9380;  in  1880,  11,524;  in  1890,  14,701. 

Laclede,  a  post-Tillage  in  Laclede  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Effingham.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  159 ; 
of  the  township,  1242. 

Laclede,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Wamego.     It  has  a  church  and  flour-mill. 

Laclede,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  and  on  the  Burlington  <fc  South- 
western Railroad,  109  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  21  miles 
E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 
3  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  pottery, 
and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Laclede,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Lac  Maskinong6,  l&k  m&s^kee^n6N«^zh&',  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  66 
miles  N.  of  Montreal.     See  Saint  Gabriel  de  Brandon. 

Lac  Masson,  or  Sainte  Marguerite  du  Lac 
JUasson,  siNt  mar^greet'  dii  l4k  mis^s6N»',  a  post-village 
in  Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  W.  of  Lao  Masson,  57  miles 
N.  of  Montreal.     It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  650. 

Lacobriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Lagos. 

Lacolle,  l&^koU',  a  post- village  in  St.  Johns  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Richelieu  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway 
(Champlain  division),  44  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  an 
iron-foundry,  several  mills  and  factories,  3  churches,  6  ho- 
tels, and  about  a  dozen  stores.  Lacolle  is  a  port  of  entry. 
In  1812  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  the  British  and 
American  troops,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated.     P.  750. 

La'cou,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Marshall  co..  111.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  in  Lacon  township,  about  30 
miles  above  Peoria,  and  128  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
is  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.  It  has  6 
or  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  a  grain-elevator,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, woollen  goods,  &o.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  riTer 
to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  1814;  iu  1890.  1649. 


Lacon,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co.,  Mo. 

Laco'na,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa,  in  White 
Breast  township,  on  the  Chariton,  Des  Moines  <fc  Sonthers 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  flour-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  coal-mine, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Lacona,  JeflFerson  oo.,  Ky.   See  Pleasure  Ridge  Park. 

Lacona,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sandy 
Creek  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg 
Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Syracuse  Northern,  44 
miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  400.     Station  name,  Sandy  Creek. 

Laconi,  l&-ko'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
45  miles  N.  of  Cagliari,  on  a  hill.     Pop.  2107. 

Laconia,  li-ko'ne-4,  a  nome  of  Greece,  comprising  the 
southernmost  sub-peninsula  of  the  Morea.  Principal  river, 
the  Eurotas.  Area,  1678  square  miles.  Pop.  105,851.  La- 
oo'nia  or  Lacon'ica  (Gr.  AcucotviKi/i,  Lakonike)  was  in  ancient 
times  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the  Grecian  states.  Cap- 
ital, Sparta. Adj.  andinhab.  Laconian,  li-ko'ne-^. 

Laconia,  la-ko'ne-^,  a  post-Tillage  of  Desha  oo..  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  RiTer,  about  60  miles  below  Helena.  It 
has  2  churches,  4  dry-goods  stores,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Laconia,  a  post-Tillage  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Boone 
township,  25  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  2  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture,  barrels,  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  400. 

Laconia,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Belknap  oo.,  N.H., 
on  the  Winnepesaukee  River,  near  Lake  Winnesquam,  and 
on  the  Boston,  Concord  k  Montreal  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school,  5  churches,  2 
national  and  2  savings-banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  hosiery,  yarn,  railroad-cars, 
woollen  goods,  machinery,  sash  and  blinds,  Ac.  Six  miles 
distant  is  Mount  Belknap,  which  is  about  3000  feet  high. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3790  ;  in  1890,  6143. 

Laconicns  Sinus.    See  Gulp  op  Kolokythia. 

La  Con'ner,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington. 

La  Cote  Saint- Andr6,  li  kot  s^Nt-ftNoMri',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Isdre,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienne.  Pop.  3496. 
Its  vicinity  produces  the  celebrated  liqueur  Eau  de  la  C6te. 

La  Couronne,  I&  kooVonn',  a  Tillage  of  France,  in 
Charente,  4  miles  S.W.  of  AngoulSme.  Pop.  1045.  It  has 
numerous  paper-mills. 

La  Couture,  1&  kooHiiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Bgthune.     Pop.  277. 

La  Couture,  a  Tillage  of  France,  in  Eure,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  ETreux,  with  manufactures  of  wind-instruments. 

La  Coy,  la  koi,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 

Lac  Qui  iParle,  or  Lac-qni-Parle,  l&k  kee  paRl 
(i.e.,  "talking  lake"),  a  small  lake  of  Minnesota,  forms 
part  of  the  S.W.  boundary  of  Chippewa  co.  It  is  an  expan- 
sion of  the  Minnesota  River,  which  issues  from  its  S.E.  end. 

Lac  Qui  Parle,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  South  Dakota.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lac  Qui  Pari© 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Lao  Qui  Parie.    Pop.  in  1880,  4891 ;  in  1890, 10,382. 

Lac  Qui  Parle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lac  Qui 
Parle  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  the  Minnesota  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lac  Qui  Parle  River,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ben- 
son. It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of  Lac  Qui  Parle 
township  in  1880,  460;  in  1890,  497. 

Lac  Qui  Parle  River  rises  near  the  W.  boundary  of 
Minnesota,  runs  northeastward  through  a  county  of  its  own 
name,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River  at  the  lower  end  of 
the  lake  called  Lac  Qui  Parle. 

La  Crau,  14  kro  (in  Latin,  Lapideei  Campi,  i.e.,  "stony 
fields"),  a  plain  in  the  S.  of  France,  occupying  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  department  of  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  arron- 
dissements  of  Aries  and  Aix,  between  the  Rhone  and  the 
Etang  de  Berri,  its  northern  part  being  traversed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Canal  of  Craponne.  The  surface  is  generally 
arid  and  covered  with  boulders,  but  it  is  interspersed  with 
vineyards  and  oUtc-  and  mulberry-  plantations. 

La  Cres'cent,  a  post-Tillage  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
La  Crescent  township,  on  the  Mississippi  RiTer,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul,  Chicago,  Dubuque  A 
Minnesota,  and  Southern  Minnesota  Railroads,  2  miles 
above  La  Crosse,  and  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Winona.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  380 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 931. 

La  Croisille,  1&  krw&^zeel',  a  village  of  France,  ic 
Haute-Yienne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  270. 

La  Croix,  la  kroi,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  589. 

La  Croix-Rousse«  1&  krw&^-rooss',  a  town  of  Franca 


LAO 


1586 


LAii 


in  Rhdne,  canton  of  Lyons,  of  which  it  forms  a  suburb,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone. 

Lacroma,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.    See  La  Chroma. 

La  Crosse,  la  kross,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Black  River,  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  La  Crosse  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
este.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lies part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  which,  with  several  other  rail- 
roads, connect  at  La  Crosse,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,297  :  in  1880,  27,073 ;  in  1890,  38,801. 

lia  Crosse,  a  post-village  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Melbourne.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Iia  Crosse,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  in  Pilot 
Grove  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad, 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 

liBL  Crosse,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  Jk  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  S. 
of  Michigan  City.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Crosse,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas, 
in  La  Crosse  township,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Great  Bend,  and 
26  miles  S.  of  Hays  City.     Pop.  of  township,  636. 

La  Crosse,  a  hamlet  of  King  William  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  from  Richmond. 

La  Crosse,  a  city,  the  capital  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.,  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  just  below  the 
mouth  of  the  La  Crosse  River,  about  40  miles  below  Winona, 
and  152  miles  abqve  Dubuque.  By  railroad  it  is  195  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  130  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  is  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  and  is  also  the 
east  terminus  of  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  handsome  court-house,  10  or  12  churches,  a  high 
school,  an  opera-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and 
printing-ofiices  which  issue  2  daily  and  6  weekly  news- 
papers, one  of  which  last  is  in  Norwegian.  It  is  the  seat  of 
a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  convent  and  2  Catholic 
orphanages.  La  Crosse  has  manufactories  of  threshing- 
machines,  ploughs,  and  other  farming-implements,  an  en- 
gine- and  boiler-factory,  1  or  2  iron-foundries,  gas-works, 
and  several  large  lumber-mills  and  breweries.  Here  is  a 
large  boat-yard,  which  employs  about  100  men  in  building 
steamboats.  Large  quantities  of  grain,  lumber,  Ac.,  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,505;  in  1890,  25,090. 

La  Crosse  Lake,  Canada.    See  Cross  Lake. 

La  Crosse  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Monroe  co., 
runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  intersects  La  Crosse  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  city  of  its  own  name. 
It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Lac  Saint  Jean,  Quebec.    See  Robkbtal. 

Lac  Talon,  14k  t4M6N»',  a  lake  of  the  district  of  Nipis- 
eing,  Ontario,  on  the  Mattawa  River,  18  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  8  miles  long,  and  very  deep.  It  discharges 
its  waters  precipitously  in  a  chute  very  narrow  and  bound 
in  by  granite  clifFs. 

Lactodurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Towcksteb. 

Lactora,  an  ancient  name  of  Lectoure. 

La  Cueva,  li  kwi'vi,  a  post-office  of  Mora  co.,  New 
Mexico,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  P6. 

La  Cnmbre,  14  koom'br4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Bstre- 
madura,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1600. 

La  Cumbre,  14  koom'br4  (t.e.,  "the  summit"),  a  prin- 
cipal pass  across  the  Andes,  between  Santiago,  in  ChUi, 
and  Mendoza,  in  lat.  33°  S.,  Ion.  70"  20'  W.  Elevation, 
12,454  feet.  From  the  end  of  May  to  the  end  of  October, 
generally,  the  Cumbre  and  part  of  the  valleys  leading  to  it 
on  each  side  can  be  passed  on  foot  only. 

Lacnnza,  14-koon'th4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on 
the  Araquil,  24  miles  from  Pamplona.     Pop.  844. 

Lacns  Asphaltites,  Syria.    See  Dead  Ska. 

Lacus  Benacus,  the  ancient  name  of  Lago  di  Garda. 

Lacus  Cusius.    See  Lake  of  Oeta. 

Lacus  Urianus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Varano. 

Lacas  Yerbanus.    See  Lago  Ma&siore. 

Lac  Vieux  Desert.    See  Lake  Kattakittekon. 

La'cy,  a  station  on  the  Tuckerton  Railroad,  in  Lacy 
township.  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  22  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton, 

La  Cygne,  14  seen,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Osage  River,  and  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  37  miles  N. 
of  Fort  Scott,  and  61  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kansas  City.     It 


has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  a 
savings-bank,  and  4  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here.  It  is 
surrounded  by  groves  of  timber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1135. 

Laczhasa,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Latzhaza. 

Lada(l4'd4)  or  Lud'da  Isles,  a  cluster  of  high  rugged 
islands  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  6° 
12' N.;  Ion.  99°  40'  E. 

Ladakh,  l4M4k',  a  country  of  Asia,  forming  a  province 
or  dependency  of  Cashmere,  between  lat.  32°  and  36°  N. 
and  Ion.  76°  and  79°  E.,  having  S.  and  S.W.  the  Himalaya 
Mountains,  separating  it  from  Cashmere  and  the  Punjab, 
N.  the  Karakorum  Mountains,  E.  Great  Thibet,  and  N.W. 
Bulti.  Area,  estimated  at  30,000  square  miles.  The  people 
are  mostly  Thibetans.  Surface  wholly  mountainous,  inter- 
spersed with  narrow  valleys,  the  principal  being  those  of 
the  Upper  Indus  and  its  affluents.  Soil  sterile,  and  climate 
severe ;  yet,  the  mountain-sides  being  carefully  embanked 
with  stone  dikes  and  industriously  cultivated,  crops  of 
wheat,  barley,  and  buckwheat  are  raised,  with  apples  and 
apricots.  Prangos,  a  peculiar  kind  of  fodder,  is  abundant, 
as  is  rhubarb.  Sulphur,  iron,  lead,  and  copper  might  be 
mined.  This  oounti7  is  the  great  depot  for  the  wool  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  Cashmere  shawls.  The  transit  trade 
with  all  the  neighboring  regions  is  extensive,  and  is  con- 
ducted mostly  .by  means  of  mules  and  sheep.  Principal 
city,  Leh.     Pop.  90,721. 

Ladany,  Jasz,  Hungary.    See  Jasz-Labakt. 

Ladany  KOrOs,  15h'd4ii'  kS'rSsh',  a  village  of  Hob- 
gary,  co.  of  Bekes,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Gyula.     Pop.  6244. 

Ladbergen,  14d'bdR^oh9n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1865. 

Laddo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico. 

Ladds'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  at  Mil- 
ler'd  Station  on  the  Sullivan  A  Erie  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of 
Towanda.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ladeiuoe-Pole,  14-di'no-4-po-l4',  a  tovrn  of  Russia, 
government  of  Olonets,  on  the  Sveer,  30  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  Lake  Ladoga.  Here,  under  Peter  the  Great, 
the  first  Russian  ships  were  built  for  the  navigation  of  the 
Baltic.     Pop.  518. 

Ladenburg,  l4'd9n-bd5uo\  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neckar,  and  on  the  Main-Neckar  Railway,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3040. 

Ladendorf,  or  Laadendorf,  l4'd9n-doRr,  a  village 
of  Austria,  9  miles  from  Gaunersdorf.     Pop.  1171. 

La'dentown,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.T.,  in  Ra- 
mapo  township,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Haverstraw.  It  has 
a  church,  4  stores,  and  about  1 2  dwellings. 

Ladenze,  I4-ddn'z9h,  or  14MAnz',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Hainaut,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1100. 

Ladestris,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lagosta. 

Ladiesbarg,  la'diz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Frederick 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick. 

Ladi'ga,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Rome. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Ladignac,  14Meen^y4k',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Haute-Vienne,  22  miles  S.  of  Limoges.    Pop.  2495. 

Ladik,  l4'deek\  or  Yorgan  Ladik,  yoR^g4n'  I4'deek^ 
(ano.  Laodice'a  Combut'ta),  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Asia,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Konieh.  It  is  built  of  mud,  in  the  midst 
of  a  mound  of  ruins,  and  has  many  antiquities,  consisting 
of  altars,  columns,  friezes,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ladikia,  or  Ladikiyeh,  Syria.     See  Latakeea. 

Ladoga,  l4'do-g4,  the  largest  lake  of  Europe,  is  situ- 
ated in  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  59°  58'  and  61°  46'  N. 
and  Ion.  30°  and  33°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of 
St.  Petersburg,  Olonets,  and  Viborg.  Area,  6190  square 
miles.  Depth  very  unequal.  The  shores  are  generally 
low;  it  contains  several  islands  and  numerous  rocks  and 
quicksands.  It  receives  about  60  rivers,  and  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  by  the  Neva  into  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  The 
Ladoga  Canal,  70  miles  in  length  and  74  feet  in  breadth, 
and  the  Siaskoi  and  Sveer  Canals,  form  a  navigable  chain 
all  around  its  S.  and  S.E.  sides. 

Ladoga,  or  New  Ladoga,  a  town  on  the  S.  shore  of 
Lake  Ladoga,  government  and  70  miles  B.  of  St.  Peters- 
burg.    Pop.  4179.    Old  Ladoga  is  a  village  adjacent. 

Lado'ga,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Clark  township,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville, 
New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  Lafayette, 
and  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
normal  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  oairiages,  flour,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ladoga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  on 


LAD 


1587 


LAF 


the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  da  Lao  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of 

Fond  du  Lao.     It  has  2  or  3  ohurohes. 

La  Ddle*  Switzerland.     See  DdLE. 

La  DombeS)  France.    See  Doubes. 

Lado'niay  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  on  a  high 
and  fertile  prairie,  12  miles  S.  of  Dodd's  City  Station,  which 
is  33  miles  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  223;  in  1890,  765. 

Lado'ra*  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  near  Bear 
Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
91  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  brick-yard, 
and  a  drug-store. 

L  adore )  1%-dor',  a  post-hamlet  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Ladore  township,  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Parsons.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  771. 

Ladrones,  lid-rinz'  (Sp.  pro'n.  Ii-dr6'n5s),  or  Mari- 
anne (mi^re-ann')  or  Mariana  (miVe-i'ni)  Islands, 
a  group  in  the  Pacific,  belonging  to  Spain,  mostly  between 
lat.  13°  and  21°  N.  and  Ion.  144°  and  146°  E.,  and  consist- 
ing of  20  islands,  of  which  only  5  are  inhabited.  They  are 
of  volcanic  origin,  densely  wooded,  and  very  fertile.  Prin- 
cipal islands,  Quahan,  Rota,  and  Tinian,  on  the^  first  of 
which  is  the  capital  town,  San  Ignacio  de  Agana.  The 
Ladrones  were  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1521,  and  called 
Las  Islas  de  los  Ladrones,  i.e.,  "the  islands  of  the 
thieves,"  from  the  thievish  disposition  of  the  natives.  They 
were  also  named  the  Mariana  Islands,  in  honor  of  the  queen 
of  Philip  IV.  of  Spain.     Pop.  8000. 

LadroneS)  a  group  of  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  opposite 
the  entrance  to  the  Canton  River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Macao. 

Lad'son's,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  from  Charleston. 

La  Due,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Clinton. 
It  hiis  a  church. 

Ladwa,  lid'wS,,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  small 
ohiefship,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kurnaul. 

Lady,  l&'dee,  or  Liadi,  le-&'dee,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Moheelev,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orsza.     Pop.  1000. 

La'dybank,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  at  a 
railway  junction,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Cupar-Fife.     Pop.  772. 

Lady  (li'dee)  Isle,  a  rocky  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  and  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ayr.  It  is  important 
only  as  affording  sheltered  anchorage. 

La'dy  Ju'Iia  Per'cy  Island,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  Portland  Bay.     Lat.  38°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  141°  50'  E. 

Laeken,  li'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant, 
2  miles  N.  of  Brussels,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a 
planted  avenue.     It  has  a  royai  park  and  residence. 

Laen'na,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.     Pop.  691. 

Laer,  or  L£lr,  liR,  a  village  of  Prussia,  near  Miinster. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2164. 

Laerne,  l&R'n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 6  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3900. 

La  Escala,  Ik  ds-k&'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  N.E. 
«f  Gerona,  with  a  port  in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2450. 

Laestrigonian  Port.    See  Balaklava. 

La  Fabrica,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Minatitlan. 

Lafarge,  la-farj',  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

La  Fargevilie,  la-farj'vil,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Orleans  township,  on  Chaumont  River,  about 
17  miles  N.  of  Watertown,  and  on  the  Clayton  <fc  Theresa 
Railroad.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Lafayette,  lah-fu-Stt',  a  S.W.  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Louisiana.  Area,  497  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Red  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Bayou 
Bodcau.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
oorn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, New  Lewisville.  Pop.  in  1870  (including  that  of  the 
present  co.  of  Miller),  9139 ;  in  1880,  5730  ;  in  1890,  7700. 

Lafayette,  a  county  of  Florida,  borders  on  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  Area,  about  1008  square  miles.  It  is  bounded, 
throughout  its  entire  length,  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the 
Suwanee  River,  which  enters  the  gulf  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  a  little  cotton 
and  maize.  Capital,  New  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  1783 ;  in 
1880,  2441;  in  1890,  3686. 

Lafayette,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  264  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Vermilion  River,  which  is  navigable.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  cattle, 
And  Indian-corn  are  the  staple  products.     The  county  is 


traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  La- 
fayette. Pop.  in  1870,  10,388;  in  1880,  13,235;  in  1890, 
15,966. 

Lafayette,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.and  is  intersected  by  the  Tallahatchee  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Yocknapatalfa  or  Yockeney  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory,  elm,  pine,  beeob, 
magnolia,  tulip-tree,  black  walnut,  &o.  The  soil  is  based  on 
tertiary  strata,  and  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  traverses  it  from  N.  to  S., 
connecting  with  Oxford,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,802 ; 
in  1880,  21,671 ;  in  1890,  20,553. 

Lafayette,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  622  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Snibar 
Creek  and  Dan's  Fork  of  Blackwater  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  extensive 
eds  of  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870,22,623;  in 
1880,  25,710;  in  1890,  30,184. 

Lafayette,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  .the  two  branches  of  the  Pecatonica  River, 
which  unite  at  the  E.  border  of  the  county.  The  surface  ia 
diversified  with  ridges  of  moderate  height,  prairies,  and 
forests  of  oak  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Oats,  Indian  com,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  In  1870  this  county  produced  1,619,202 
bushels  of  oats,  and  more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  lead,  zinc,  and  Silurian 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Darlington.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,659 ;  in  1880,  21,279 ; 
in  1890,  20,265. 

Lafayette,  or  Chambers  Conrt-Honse,  a  post- 
town,  capital  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  East  Alabama 
&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  86  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  female  college,  2 
newspaper  offices,  <kc.  Pop.  in  1880,  1061;  in  1890,  1369. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Lafayette. 

Lafayette,  a  post-bamlet  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Qa., 
about  36  miles  N.  of  Rome,  and  27  miles  S.  of  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  377. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Coles  co..  III.  Pop.  1276.  It 
contains  Stockton. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.     Pop.  338. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co..  III.,  in  Goshen 
township,  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  42  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  4  churches,  a  banking-house,  a 
graded  school,  an  elevator,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1388. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1440. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1614. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  736. 

Lafayette,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the 
Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lake  Erie  A 
Western,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Wa- 
bash, and  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroads,  63 
miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis,  130  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago, 
and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
about  30  churches  (embracing  Baptist,  Catholic,  Christian, 
Episcopal,  Lutheran,  Jewish,  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Re- 
formed, United  Brethren,  and  Universalist  denominations), 
a  high  school,  St.  Mary's  Academy  (Catholic),  5  national 
banks,  4  private  banks,  a  monastery,  a  convent,  a  Catholic 
hospital,  and  an  orphanage.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  This  city  has  manufactures 
of  machinery,  ploughs,  reapers  and  mowers,  and  other 
farming-implements,  clothing,  carriages,  cars,  wooden-ware, 
&o,  A  union  belt  railway  on  which  numerous  factories  are 
located  encircles  the  city.  Here  is  an  institution  entitled 
Purdue  University,  which  is  an  agricultural  college  sup- 
ported by  the  state.  Lafayette  is  surrounded  by  interesting 
scenery  and  fertile  prairies,  and  is  an  important  market  for 
grain.  It  was  settled  in  1825.  Pop.  in  1860,9387;  in 
1870,  13,506;  in  1880,  14,860;  in  1890,  16,243. 

Lafayette,  township,  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  871. 


LAF 


1588 


LAP 


Lafayette,  a  township  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  745. 
Lafayette,  a  township  of  Keokuk  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop., 

exclusive  of  Keota,  1116.  _ 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa,  m  Otter 
Creek  township,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marion,  and  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  haa  1  or  2  churches,  and  2 
flour-mills  on  Otter  Creek. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     P.  743. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  614.     Post-oflaces,  Grafton  and  Mount  Vernon. 

Lafayette,  a  hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Atchison.     Pop.  54. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Hopkinsville,  and  20  miles  W.N. W.  of  Clarfce- 
ville,  Tenn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  2  tobacco-factories. 

Lafayette,  a  post-town  of  Louisiana,  capital  of  Lafay- 
ette CO.,  is  situated  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Vermilion 
River,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway,  144  miles  W.  of 
New  Orleans,  and  18  miles  N.  of  New  Iberia.  It  is  an  en- 
terprising town,  and  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  academies, 
and  2  newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  2000. 

Lafayette,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  Baltimore,  Md. 

Lafayette,  a  post-township  of  Gratiot  oo.,  Mioh.,  about 
44  miles  N.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  424. 

Lafayette,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Missouri, 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Plattsburg. 

Lafayette,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Lafa- 
yette township,  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Newton.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  grist-mills.  Pop.  about 
300.     Pop.  of  the  township,  884. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  op.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lafayette  township,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  <k  New 
York  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  bedstead-factory.     Pop.  135;  of  the  township,  2233. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churohes,  a  union  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  heading.  Pop.  337.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Herring. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ashland,  and  6  miles  from 
West  Salem.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  920. 
ft  contains  West  Lafayette. 

Lafayette,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Deer 
Creek  township,  on  the  National  Road,  22  miles  W.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  4  miles  N.  of  London.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  143. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.  Pop.  llOd. 
It  contains  Whittlesey. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  is 
on  the  Yam  Hill  River,  near  the  junction  of  its  North  and 
South  Forks,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  365. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.     Pop.  591. 

Lafayette,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Germantown  is  Norristown  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Stonington  <fc  Providence  Pw^ulroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  doeskin 
jean. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mem- 
phis &  Charleston  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Memphis. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn., 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  leather.     Pop.  about  400. 

Lafayette,  a  post- village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Roanoke  River,  2  miles  from  Big  Spring  Station,  and 
about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  an  academy. 

Lafayette,  a  post-township  of  Chippewa  oo..  Wis.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Chippewa  River,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Eau 
Claire.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Yellow  River.     Pop.  1688. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  440. 
Lafayette  Station  is  on  the  La  Crosse  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Tomah. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1009.     It  contains  Fayetteville. 

Lafayette  College,  Pennsylvania.     See  Easton. 

Lafayette  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co., 
Miss.,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
aoidemy. 


Lafayetteville,  laf-i-yett'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Milan  township,  about  50  miles  8. 
of  Albany. 

La  F^re,  1&  faiB,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  aa 
island  in  the  Oise,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Serre,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Laon.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens, 
leather,  soap,  and  oil,  saw-mills,  a  large  arsenal,  and  a 
school  of  artillery.  It  was  taken  by  the  Prussians  on  the 
28th  of  February,  1814.     Pop.  4895. 

La  Feit6,  1&  f&R^ti',  an  old  term  signifying  a  feudal 
fortress,  is  the  name  of  many  towns,  Ac,  of  France. 

La  Fert6-Bernard,  Ik  f^R^ti'-bdR^naR',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the  Huisne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Mamers. 
Pop.  2634.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  of 
linen  and  cotton  yam. 

La  Fert6- Gaucher,  I&  fdR^t&'-gS^shaiR',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coulommiers. 
Pop.  1849. 

La  Fert6-Mac6, 1&  fdR^ti'-m&'si',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Orne,  13  miles  E.  of  Domfront.    Pop.  6392.   It  has  man 
ufactures  of  cotton  goods,  leather,  <tc. 

La  Fert6  •  Milon,  \l  f^RHi' - mee'l6N<>',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Ourcq,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Chateau- 
Thierry.     Pop.  2018.     It  is  enclosed  with  walls. 

La  Ferte-Saint-Aubin,  \i,  f^RHi'-slLNt-o^b&Na',  • 
town  of  France,  Loiret,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Orleans.     P.  1878. 

La  Fert6-8ons-Joaarre,  1&  fSR't&'-soo-zhoo-aR',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Mame,  11  miles 
E.  of  Meaux.  Pop.  3651.  Excellent  millstones  are  quar- 
ried in  its  vicinity,  and  exported  to  England,  America, 
&o. ;  and  it  has  manufactures  of  paper,  ropes,  and  leather. 
It  has  a  commercial  basin  on  the  Mame,  here  forming  sev- 
eral islands,  on  one  of  which  is  the  castle  of  La  Barre. 

La  Fert6-8ur-Anbe,  \k  f^R^ti'-sUR-ob,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Mame,  16  miles  W.  of Chaumont.    P.  1209. 

La  Feuillie,  lifuh^ee',  or  La  Feuill6e,  14  fuh^yA', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- Inf^rieure.     Pop.  1725. 

La  Fl^che,  1&  flaish,  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on 
the  Loire,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Le  Mans.  It  is  ornamented 
with  fountains.  On  an  island  in  the  Loire,  which  separates 
the  town  from  its  suburbs,  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
castle.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  military  college,  town 
hall,  court-house,  hospital,  and  the  church  of  St.  Thomas, 
from  the  lofty  spire  (JUche)  of  which  the  town  derived  its 
name.  It  has  manufactares  of  leather,  paper,  gloves,  linen, 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  7468. 

Laf  lin,  a  post-village  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  138  miles  S.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  &o. 

La  Flotte,  1&  flott',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inf6rieure,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Isle  of  R4,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  2241. 

La'folletts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  CO.,  W.Va. 

La  Fontaine,  lah  f&n-tAn',  a  post-village  of  Wabash 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Liberty  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash 
&  Michigan  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  2  drug-stores.    Pop.  about  400. 

La  For6t,  1&  foVi'  or  fo^r£h',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Finistdre,  10  miles  E.  of  Brest,  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name. 

La  Fonillouse,  1&  foo^yooz',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Loire,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  2260. 

La  Fourche,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.    See  Fcrca. 

La  Fonrche,  li  foorsh,  a  bayou  of  Louisiana,  and  an 
outlet  of  the  Mississippi  River,  from  which  it  issues  near 
Donaldsonville.  It  flows  southeastward  through  the  par- 
ishes of  Assumption  and  La  Fourche,  and  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  latter.  It  is  nearly 
150  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  for  steamboats. 

La  Fonrche,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  estimated  at  1020 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Bayou  La  Fourche 
(which  is  navigable  by  steamboats),  and  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Barataria  Bay.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  diversified  with  lakes,  forests,  and  cypress  swamps,  which 
are  annually  inundated.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar-cane 
and  rice  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  connects  with 
the  capital  of  the  parish,  Thibodeaux.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,719 ; 
in  1880,  19,113;  in  1890,  22,095. 

Lafourche,  a  station  in  Ouachica  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Vicksburg,  Shreveport  &  Texas  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of 
Monroe. 

La  Fourche  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Fourche 
parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  and  on  Morgan's  Louisi- 
ana <fc  Texas  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Thibodeaux. 

Lafox,  la-fox',  a  post-village  of  Kane  co..  111.,  in  Blacks 
berry  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 


LAF 


1589 


LAG 


41  miles  W.  of  Chioago.     It  has  a  oharoh  and  a  oheeae- 
factory. 

La  Fran^aise,  1&  fr&N<>^s&z',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Montauban.    Pop.  1041. 

La  France.    See  France. 

La  Fresnay,  a  town  of  France.    See  Fresnat. 

La  Fresneda^  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Fresneda. 

La  Frontera  de  Tabasco.    See  Fkontera. 

La  Furca,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.     See  Fdrca. 
r     LafvindsKJobing,  Denmark.     See  Rudkiobing. 

Laga-dn,  li'g&-on,  a  river  of  Sweden,  issues  from  a 
■mall  lake  about  15  miles  S.  of  Jonkoping,  flows  S.,  ex- 
pands into  Lake  Vidostern,  passes  Labolm,  and,  about  4 
miles  below,  falls  into  tbe  Bay  of  Labolm  in  the  Cattegat, 
after  a  course  of  about  110  miles. 

Lagaete,  I&-g&-i't&,  a  village  on  tbe  W.  side  of  the 
Oran  Canaria  Island. 

Lagan )  l&'gan,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  rises  in  the 
iSlieve-Croob  Mountains,  and,  after  a  N.E.  coarse  of  35 
miles,  enters  Belfast  harbor. 

La  Garde  Freinet,  14  gaRd  fri^ni',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Var,  on  an  eminence,  15  miles  S.  of  Draguignan, 
near  the  ruins  of  a  celebrated  Saracen  castle.     Pop.  1947. 

La  Garnache^  11  gaR^n&sh',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vendee,  17  miles  N.  of  Les  Sables.     Pop.  454. 

La  Garriga^  11  gaR-Ree'g&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  1518. 

Lagar'ta,  a  post-village  of  Live  Oak  co.,  Tex.,  is  on 
Lagarta  Creek,  2  miles  from  the  Nueces  River,  and  about 
120  miles  S.  by  £.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  4  stores  and  a 
windmill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lagartera,  lS,-gaR-ti'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
tile, 70  miles  S.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  2004. 

Lagarto,  18,-gaR'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sergipe, 
70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sao  Christovao.     Pop.  2000. 

LagB)  I4'gh§h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lippe,  on  the 
Werra,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lemgo.     Pop.  2733. 

LagC)  or  Laage,  14'gh^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Meeklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Recknitz,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Giistrow.     Pop.  2053. 

LageS)  Wzhis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Cath- 
arina,  140  miles  W.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  of  district,  5000. 

Lag'gan^  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Lancaster.     Pop.  100. 

Laghonat»l&^ghoo^&t',  or£l  Aghouat,  a  walled  town 
jf  Algeria,  285  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Algiers,  in  a  fruitful  oasis 
of  tbe  same  name.  It  has  fine  public  buildings,  and  is  the 
seat  of  an  active  trade.     Pop.  2992. 

La  Gleize,  14  glSz  or  14  gl4z,  a  village  of  Belgium,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Ambldve.     Pop.  1400. 

La  Giorieta,  14  glo-re-4't4,  a  post-office  and  valley  of 
San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Santa  F6. 

Lagnasco,  l4n-y4s'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Saluzzo,     Pop.  1665. 

LagnieU)  lin^ye-uh'  (anc.  Lagniacusf),  a  towii  of 
France,  in  Ain,  18  miles  N.  of  Belley,  near  the  Rhone. 
Pop.  2383. 

Lagni>Regi,l4n'ye-r4'jee,Lagno,l4n'yo,orLanio, 
/4'ne-o,  a  river  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean.     Length,  50  miles. 

Lagny,  14n^yee'  (anc.  Laniaeum?),  a  town  of  France, 
In  Seine-et-Marne,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Meaux,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Marne.  It  has  nurseries,  saw-mills,  flour-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  4249. 

LagO)  I4'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2600. 

Lagoa,  l4-go'4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Santa  Catharina.    P.  3000.   See  Santa  Catharina. 

La  Goayre,  a  town  of  Venezuela.    See  La  Guayra. 

Lago  de  los  Patos,  l4'go  dA  loce  p4'toce  {i.e.,  "duck 
lake"),  in  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  du  Sul,  is  an  en- 
largement of  the  Jacuhy,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. 
Length,  about  140  miles;  breadth,  40  miles.  It  receives 
several  small  rivers  and  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Mirim. 
Its  shores  are  generally  low.  At  its  N.  point  is  Porto 
Alegre,  and  at  its  S.  end  the  city  of  Rio  Grajide  do  Sul. 

Lago  de  Maracaybo.    See  Lake  Maracaybo. 

Lago  de  Nicaragua.    See  Lake  Nicaragua. 

Lago  di  Amsancto,  l4'go  de  4m-84nk'to  (ano.  Am- 
tanc'tus  La'cus),  a  small  lake  at  the  entrance  of  a  moun- 
tain-valley, about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Naples.  It  is  re- 
markable for  the  incessant  motion  of  its  water,  which 
keeps  continually  bubbling  up  over  a  large  portion  of  the 
surface,  with  a  noise  like  distant  thunder. 

Lago  di  Como,  14'go  dee  ko'mo  (Fr.  Lac  de  C6me, 
ULk  d§h  kom;  Ger.  Comer»ec,  ko'm§r-s4^ ;  anc.  La'rius  La'- 
«u»),  a  lake  of  Italy,  Lombardy,  an  expansion  of  the  river 


Adda,  which  enters  it  at  the  foot  of  the  Lepontine  aiid 
Rhsetian  Alps,  and  quits  it  at  Lecco,  in  the  midst  of  moan- 
tains  of  from  1000  to  1300  feet  in  elevation.  It  is  of  a  very 
irregular  shape,  being  separated  into  the  two  branches  of 
Como  and  Lecco  by  the  promontory  of  Bellagio.  Extreme 
breadth  between  Menaggio  and  Varena,  3  miles.  Length, 
from  Como  to  Riva,  35  miles.  It  is,  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  basin  and  its  favorable  exposure,  the  most 
celebrated  of  all  the  lakes  of  North  Italy.  Its  shores  are 
covered  with  elegant  villas,  among  which  are  the  Villa 
d'Este  and  the  Villa  Lenno.  Regular  steam  communication 
is  established  between  its  principal  towns ;  though  its  navi- 
gation is  liable  to  interruption  from  sudden  storms.  The 
lake  abounds  in  fish. 

Lago  di  Garda,  14'go  dee  gar'd4,  or  Benaco,  b4- 
n4'ko  (anc.  La' cue  Bena'cue),  the  largest  lake  of  Northern 
Italy,  between  lat.  45°  26'  and  45°  56'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  35' 
and  10°  50'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  35  miles ;  breadth, 
from  2  to  10  miles.  Height  above  the  sea,  320  feet;  great- 
est depth,  951  feet.  At  its  N.  extremity  it  receives  the 
Sarco  River,  and  at  its  S.E.  end  it  discharges  itself  by  the 
Mincio  into  the  Po.  In  summer,  from  the  melting  of  the 
Alpine  snows,  it  rises  4  or  5  feet,  and,  like  all  similar  in- 
land waters,  is  subject  to  violent  storms.  On  its  shores  are 
the  towns  of  Peschiera,  Riva,  Gargnano,  Salo,  and  Garda. 

Lago  di  Lugano,  14'go  dee  loo-g4'no  (anc.  Cere'sim 
La'ciu),  a  lake  of  Switzerland  and  North  Italy,  between 
Lago  Maggiore  and  Lago  di  Como,  and  about  190  feet 
higher  than  these.  Shape  very  irregular.  Greatest  length, 
16  miles ;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  It  is  mostly  enclosed 
by  lofty,  abrupt,  and  wooded  mountains,  is  of  great  depth, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  river  Tresa  into 
Lago  Maggiore.  Its  scenery  is  very  imposing,  being  much 
more  gloomy  and  rugged  than  that  of  the  celebrated  lakes 
on  either  side ;  and  between  the  two  villages  of  Melide  and 
Bissona,  where  it  is  narrowest,  a  handsome  bridge  has  been 
thrown  over  it. 

Lago  di  Perugia,  the  Italian  for  Lake  of  Percgia. 

Lago  Fucino,  Italy.    See  Fucine  Lake. 

Lago  Maggiore,  14'go  m4d-jo'r4,  or  Lake  of  Lo- 
carno, lo-kaR'no  (anc.  Verba'nue  La'cus),  a  lake  of  North 
Italy,  enclosed  by  Piedmont,  Lombardy,  and  the  Swiss  can- 
ton of  Ticino,  being  the  westernmost  of  the  great  lakes  in 
this  region.  Length,  40  miles ;  average  breadth,  2  miles ; 
depth  in  some  places,  300  fathoms.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Ticino  River,  of  which  it  is  properly  but  an  expansion. 
On  its  highly  picturesque  banks  are  the  towns  of  Arona, 
Canobbio,  Locarno,  Luvino,  and  Laveno;  and  it  contains 
the  Borromean  Isles. 

La  Gonalve,  or  Gonaives,  Hayti.    See  Gonaitb 

Lagon'da  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Champaign  co.,  runs 
southwestward  in  Clark  co.,  and  enters  the  Mad  River  at 
Springfield. 

Lagonegro,  14^go-n4'gro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salerno.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  caps.     Pop.  4412. 

La^goon'  of  Tu'nis,  a  shallow  lake  communicating 
on  its  E.  side  with  the  Gulf  of  Tunis  by  the  Goletta,  a  short 
and  narrow  strait.  Length,  12  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 
In  it  is  a  fortified  island,  opposite  the  city  of  Tunis,  on  its 
W.  shore,  and  on  its  N.E.  side  are  the  ruins  of  Carthage, 
of  which  city  it  was  the  port. 

Lagor,  l4^goR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^n^es, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1200. 

Lagorce,  l4^goRS8',  a  village  of  France,  in  Arddohe,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Largenti^re.     Pop.  1722. 

La  Gorgne,  France.    See  Gorsue. 

Lagos,  I4'gooe  (ano.  Laeob'riga),  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  110  miles  S.  of  Lisbon.  Pop. 
7257.  It  stands  on  a  large  bay,  and  has  a  military  asylum, 
town  hospital,  and  2  churches. 

Lagos,  l4'goce,  a  gulf  and  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Roumelia,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Adrianople. 

Lagos,  l4'goce,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  100 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Guadalajara,  having  near  it  some  rich 
silver-mines.  It  has  factories,  and  is  noted  for  its  churches. 
Pop.  20,000. 

Lagos,  l4'goce,  a  British  colony  of  West  Africa,  extend- 
ing along  the  ooast  from  E.  to  W.  120  miles,  from  Ode  to 
Badagry,  inclusive.  It  consists  of  a  narrow  strip  of  coast- 
land,  with  some  islands,  on  the  Bight  of  Benin  and  the  Slave 
Coast.  Area  of  protectorate,  1000  square  miles.  Chief  ex- 
ports, palm  oil,  oil-nats,  and  cotton.  Government  is  in- 
vested in  a  governor  and  legislative  and  executive  councils. 
Capital,  Lagos.     Pop.  100,000,  nearly  all  blacks. 

Lagos,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  tbe  Lagos  colony, 
100  miles  E.  of  Whydah,  on  an  island  called  Lagos,  which 


LAG 


1590 


LAG 


b  separated  from  the  coast  by  a  narrow  lagoon.  It  is  the 
largest  town  on  the  West  African  coast.  In  1851  it  waa  bom- 
barded and  taken  by  the  British,  and  in  1861  became  British 
territory  by  convention  with  a  native  chief.  It  has  wide 
and  well-kept  streets,  brick  storehouses,  good  wharves, 
markets,  a  court-house,  a  hospital,  a  government  building, 
a  custom-house,  a  fort,  barracks,  a  race-course,  Ac,  besides 
many  Mohammedan  and  Christian  schools.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  large  trade,  but  is  a  very  sickly  town,  and  subject  to 
strong  tornadoes.     Pop.  36,005. 

liagosta,  Ii-g5s'ta  (anc.  Lastohon  or  Ladestria  ?),  the 
most  S.  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic.  Length,  6 
miles,  by  4  miles  in  breadth.  On  its  N.  coast  is  a  village 
with  a  small  port. 

Lagov^  I4'g6v,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sandomier.     Pop.  1601. 

La  Graciosa,  Canary  Islands.    See  Graciosa. 

La  Graciosa,  li  gri-se-o'si,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal.     It  has  a  hotel,  3  stores,  <fcc.     Pop.  120. 

La  Grand,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  contains 
many  lakes,  and  lies  next  W.  of  Alexandria,  the  county 
town.     Pop.  190. 

La  Grande,  1&  gr&nd,  a  post-village  of  Union  co., 
Oregon,  near  the  Grande  Ronde  River,  75  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Pendleton.  It  is  near  the  base  of  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains, and  is  in  the  Grande  Ronde  Valley.  It  has  a  college 
and  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  surrounded 
by  high  mountains  and  beautiful  scenery.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2583. 

La  Grande- Chartreuse,  li  grftifd-shaBHruz',  a  fa- 
mous monastery  of  France,  department  of  Is^re,  in  the  Alps, 
14  miles  N.  of  Grenoble,  in  a  picturesque  situation,  sur- 
rounded by  mountains,  3323  feet  above  the  sea,  and  very 
difficult  of  access.  It  was  founded  in  1084 ;  but  the  present 
building,  which  is  of  vast  extent,  was  erected  in  1676.  In 
1826  it  was  restored  to  its  original  destination. 

La  Grande  Combe,  li,  gr&Nd  k6M,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Gard,  on  the  river  Gard,  36  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Nlmes.  It  has  rich  mines  of  coal,  glass-works,  and  smelting- 
furnaces  for  zinc.     Pop.  5342. 

La  Grange,  1^  granj,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  384  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Pigeon  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  several  small  affluents  of  St.  Joseph's  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests 
of  hard  timber.  This  county  has  also  extensive  oak  openings, 
and  several  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  and  also  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  La  Grange.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,148;  in  1880,  15,630;  in  1890,  15,615. 

La  Grange,  a  village  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  4  miles  S. 
of  Leighton  Station.     Here  is  La  Grange  College. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co..  Ark.,  near  the 
Saint  Francis  River,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Helena.  It 
has  2  churches. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  oo.,  Gal.,  on 
Tuolumne  River,  about  32  miles  E.  of  Modesto.  It  has  2 
churches. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Troup  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlanta  <fc  West  Point  Railroad,  and  on  the  North 
&  South  Railroad  of  Georgia,  72  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta, 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  West  Point.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  3  churches,  the  Southern  Fe- 
male College,  the  La  Grange  Female  College,  and  a  floor- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  2295;  in  1890,  3090. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Cook  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  «k  Quincy  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  7  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  1890,  2314. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  La  Grange  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  47  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kala- 
mazoo. It  has  a  high  school,  a  normal  school,  a  national 
bank,  5  churches,  four  weekly  newspapers,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  carriages,  butter-tubs,  hammoek- 
ehairs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1784. 

La  Grange,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     P.  331. 

La  Grange,  a  post- village  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  li  miles 
from  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  and  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Ottumwa.     Pop.  150. 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville,  1  mile  W.  of  Lexington  Junction,  and  38 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Frankfort.    It  has  6  churches,  an  academy. 


a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house,  a  town  hall,  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  18S0,  490;  in  1890,  670. 

La  Grange,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  32 
miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 622. 

La  Grange,  a  post-township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.  Pop, 
1814.     It  contains  Cassopolis,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

La  Grange,  a  small  post- village  of  Choctaw  co..  Miss., 
about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grenada.     It  ha£  a  church. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  Valley  A  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  11  miles  above  Quincy,  and  about  28  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Hannibal.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  Baptist  college,  12  churches,  and  a  to- 
bacco-factory.    Pop.  in  1880,  13ot>;  in  1890,  1250. 

La  Grange,  a  township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N;Y.  Pop. 
1800.     It  contains  La  Grangeville. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Qoldsborough.     It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

La  Grange,  a  village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  of  Steuben ville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal- mine. 
Pop.  228.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Phillipsburg. 

La  Grange,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Iron 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indianap- 
olis Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  3  churches.  The  township  contains  4  cheese- 
factories,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  1533;  of  village,  551. 

La  Grange,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Tunkhannock.  It  has  a  grist-mil) 
and  a  saw-mill.     Post-office,  Osterhout  (Ss't^r-hSwf). 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo.,  S.C. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  49  miles  E.  of  Mem- 
phis, and  3  miles  W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  4  churches, 
the  La  Grange  Female  College,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  760.  * 

La  Grange,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  about  65  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  30  miles  above  Columbus.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  It  has  2  news- 
?aper  offices,  2  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  wagon-shop, 
■op.  in  1880,  1325;  in  1890,  1626. 

tiO.  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Albans. 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  about  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
The  township  contains  3  small  lakes  and  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  955. 

La  Grange,  la  granj,  a  small  village  in  Missisquoi  co., 
Quebec,  li  miles  from  Frelighsburg.     Pop.  100. 

La  Grange  Iron -Works,  a  village  of  Stewart  co., 
Tenn.,  1  mile  from  the  Tennessee  River,  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Dover.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  furnaces  for  pig-iron. 
Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

La  Grange  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

La  Grangeville,  l^granj'vil,  a  post-village  of  Dutch- 
ess CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Newburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and 
a  steam  grist-mill. 

La  Graiga,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  San  Ildefonso. 

La  Grai^a  de  Torre-Hermosa,  1&  gr&n'H&  d& 
tOR'r4-dR-mo's&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles 
S.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2924. 

La  Grasse,  1&  gr&ss,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Carcassonne,  on  the  Orbieu.     Pop.  1280. 

La  Grasse,  a  town  of  France.     See  Grasse. 

La  Grave,  li  griv,  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Briancon.     Pop.  1459. 

La  Grita,  li  gree'ti,  a  town  or  village  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Zulia,  province  and  65  miles  S.W.  of  Merida. 

La'gro,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lagro 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sala- 
monie  River,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  19  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Peru.  It  is  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  the 
Wabash  A  Erie  Canal.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  stave-  and  head- 
ins-factory.    Pop.  of  village  (1890),  549 ;  of  township,  4024. 

LagTUue-sur-Mer.     See  LANGnnNE-suR-MER. 


LAG 


1591 


LAH 


Lagnan,  \k-gwkn',  a  small  island  of  the  Philippine 

group,  otf  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Samar. 

La  Guardia^  towns  of  Spain.    See  Guardia. 

Jiaguardo,  la-gar'do,  a  puKt-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

La  Guayra,  14  gwi'ri  (Fr.  La  Ooayre,  li  gwain),  a 
town  and  seaport  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  lat. 
10°  36'  42"  N.,  Ion.  66°  56'  30"  W,,  10  miles  N.  of  Caracas, 
closely  surrounded  by  high  mountains,  except  to  seaward. 
The  streets  are  narrow,  tortuous,  and  ill  paved,  and  the 
houses  ill  built,  but  there  are  some  good  churches  and  other 
fine  public  buildings.  For  nine  months  in  the  year  the 
heat  is  escessire,  giving  rise  to  malignant  fevers.  Being 
the  principal  port  of  the  republic,  its  trade  is  extensive. 
Its  chief  exports  are  coffee,  cacao,  indigo,  cotton,  sugar,  and 
hides ;  imports,  manufactured  goods,  provisions,  wines,  Ac. 
The  port  is  not  a  very  good  one,  being  unsheltered  from  N. 
to  E.  and  W.  winds,  and  the  continued  E.  breeze  keeping 
the  sea  in  a  state  of  constant  agitation.  The  holding  ground, 
however,  is  good ;  anchorage,  from  6  to  30  fathoms,  according 
to  distance  from  the  land.  The  town  is  defended  by  forts 
and  batteries.  La  Guayra  was  nearly  destroyed  in  1812  by 
an  earthquake.     Pop.  about  IS. 000. 

Ijaguemba,  ]&-gh§m'b&,  or  Lakemba,  l&-kgm'bS,, 
one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  the  largest  of  the  E.  group.  Lat. 
18°  14'  S. ;  Ion.  173°  51'  W.  It  is  of  volcanic  formation, 
and  is  about  5  miles  long  by  3  broad. 

La  GuerchC)  li  gaiRsh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ile-et- 
Vilaine,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2612. 

La  Guerche^  a  village  of  France,  in  Cher,  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1837. 

La  Guerche,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire, 
35  miles  S.  of  Tours,  on  the  Creuse,  with  an  old  chateau. 

La  Guerre,  14  gaiR,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  La  Guerre  River,  3  miles  from  St.  Anicet. 

La  Guia,  14  ghee'4,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Gran  Canaria,  near  Gaidar.     Pop.  4332. 

La  Gnia,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Teneriffe.     Pop.  2230. 

La  Guiche,  a  village  of  France.     See  Guiche. 

La  Guilloti^re,  14  ghee^yoHe-aiR',  a  town  of  France, 
on  the  Rhone,  opposite  Lyons.     See  Lyons. 

Lagullas,  Cape  and  Bank.    See  Agulhas. 

Laguna,  l4-goo'n4,  a  province  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Luzon,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Laguua,  l4-goo'n4,  a  town  of  Bi'azil,  state  of  Santa 
Catharina,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  1000. 

Laguna,  l4-goo'n4,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of 
Asuay,  capital  of  the  province  of  Maynas,  on  the  Huallaga, 
in  lat.  5°  10'  N.,  Ion.  75°  40'  W. 

Laguna,  Mexico.     See  Laquna  de  Terminos. 

Laguna,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Fulton  &. 
Guerneville  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Fulton. 

Laguna  de  Aullagas,  Bolivia.    See  Aullagas. 

Laguna  del  Madre,  l4-goo'n4  ddl  m4D'r4,  a  large 
lagoon  or  shallow  bayou  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  between 
the  mainland  of  Cameron  and  Nueces  cos.  and  the  island 
of  Padre.  It  extends  from  Corpus  Christi  Bay  nearly  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Length,  above  110  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  14  miles. 

Laguna-de-Negrillos,  l4-goo'n4-d4-n4-greel'yooe, 
a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  from  Leon.     Pop.  1420. 

Laguna  de  Terminos,  14-goo'n4  da  t^R'me-noce,  a 
seaport  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Campeachy.  Lat.  18°  38' 
24"  N.;  Ion.  91°  50'  42"  W.  Almost  the  only  article  ex- 
ported is  logwood.     Pop.  2000. 

Laguna  de  Terminos,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
peachy,  dividing  the  Mexican  state  of  Tabasco  from  Cam- 
peachy,  and  between  lat.  18°  and  19°  N.,  Ion.  91°  and  92° 
W.  Length,  70  miles ;  breadth,  40  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  side  of  the  sea  by  several  islands,  that  of  Carmen 
being  the  largest.     It  receives  an  arm  of  the  Usumasinta. 

Laguuita,  l4-goo-nee't4,  a  post-oflSce  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

Lagunitas,  l4-goo-nee't48,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Lah,  14,  a  military  post  in  Sinde.  Lat.  23°  58'  N. ; 
Ion.  68°  40'  E. 

Laha,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Laa. 

La  Haba,  14  h4'B4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  51 
miles  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2710. 

La  Haba,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Haba. 

La  Habana,  a  city  of  Cuba.     See  Havana. 

La  Hacha,  South  America.     See  Rio  Hacha. 
Lahadj^  or  Lahaj,  14-h4j',  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Aden.     It  stands  in  a  wide  and  cultivated 
plain,  enclosed  by  gardens,  and  has  a  bnzaar  and  a  sultan's 
residence.     Pop.  6000. 


Lahai,  la-hl',  a  post-ofiice  of  Bates  co.,  Mo. 

Lahaina,  14-hl'n4,  a  seaport  village  of  Hawaii,  at  the 
N.W.  end  of  the  island  of  Maui.  Lat.  20°  52'  N.;  Ion. 
156°  34'  W.  It  has  a  good  roadstead,  a  government  house, 
a  breakwater,  a  court-house,  and  2  churches,  and  was  once 
the  capital  of  the  kingdom,  but  has  greatly  declined.  Two 
miles  E.  is  Lahainaluna  College. 

Lahaj  an,  l4-h4-j4n',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Ghilan,  near  the  Caspian,  30  miles  E.  of  Reshd.  It  has  a 
college,  several  caraTansaries,  and  bazaars.     Pop.  15,000. 

Lahar,  a  town  of  British  India,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Agra. 

La  Harpe,  1%  harp,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  111., 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Keokuk  Branch,  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Peoria,  and 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  ofiices,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cigars,  tiles,  and  bricks.     Pop.  1113. 

La^harpore',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  division  of 
Seetapore.     Pop.  10,989. 

Lahas'ka,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Buck- 
ingham township,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia^ 
and  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Doylestown.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lahat,  l4-h4t',  a  village  of  Sumatra,  33  miles  S.W.  o' 
Palembang.     Lat.  3°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  103°  40'  E. 

La  Havana,  or  La  Havane,  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

La  Have,  la  h4v,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  has  its  source 
in  a  chain  of  lakes  that  also  feed  the  Ga«pereaux  River, 
and,  after  a  course  of  60  miles,  discharges  itself  into  the 
sea,  forming  an  inner  and  an  outer  harbor,  navigable  for 
vessels  of  500  or  1000  tons,  and  sheltered  by  several  islands. 
There  are  large  quantities  of  salmon  taken  in  the  La  Have 
in  the  months  of  June  and  July,  and  it  is  frequented  by 
herring,  trout,  shad,  and  other  fish.  Ship-building  is  ex- 
tensively carried  on  at  different  points  on  the  river.  Bridge- 
water  is  at  the  head  of  navigation.  On  the  river  there  are 
many  saw-mills,  shingle-mills,  and  grist-mills. 

La  Haye,  Netherlands.     See  Hague,  The. 

La  Haye-Descartes,  14  h4-d4^kaRt',  a  town  oi 
France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Creuse,  29  miles  S.  of 
Tours.     Pop.  1620. 

Lahestre,  I4^hfet'r',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
9  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1890. 

Lahijan,  l4-hee-j4n',  a  plain  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan, 
S.W.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah. 

Lahijan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Lahajan. 

Lahissa,  Arabia.    See  Lahsa. 

Lah'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va., 
30  miles  from  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Lahn,  14n,  a  river  of  Central  Germany,  after  a  W.  course 
of  100  miles  through  Prussia,  joins  the  Rhine  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Coblentz. 

Lahn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Liegnitz.     Pop.  939. 

Lahnstein,  lan'stine,  Upper  (Ger.  Oher  Lahtutein, 
o'b^r  14n'stine),  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  miles  W.  of  Nassau, 
on  the  Rhine.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  4857  inhabitants, 
mostly  employed  in  cultivating  wine  and  fruit. 

Lahnstein,  Lower  (Ger.  Unter  Lahnatein,  Sfin't^r  I4n' 
stine),  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the  Lahn,  joins  the  above 
It  has  smelting-works  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2462. 

La  Hogue,  France.    See  Cape  La  Hague. 

La  Hogue,  la  hog,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  of  Watseka. 

Laholm,  I4'h61m,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Halmstad,  on  the  Laga-4n,  near  its  mouth  in  La- 
holm  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1325. 

La  Honda,  14  hon'd4,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal. 

Lahool,  Lahoul,  Lahul,  14'hool',  or  Lawur,  14^- 
wur',  a  territory  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Punjab. 

Lahore,  l4-h5r',  the  capital  city  of  the  Punjab,  and  of 
the  Lahore  division  and  district,  British  India,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Ravee,  in  lat.  31°  36'  N.,  Ion.  74°  18'  E.  It  is 
enclosed  by  a  double  line  of  defences,  the  outer  being  about 
7  miles  in  circuit.  The  streets  are  narrow,  filthy,  and  ex- 
cessively crowded;  the  houses  are  of  brick,  and  lofty.  It 
is  at  the  junction  of  several  important  railways.  It  has 
many  large  and  handsome  mosques,  and  around  it  for  many 
miles  are  extensive  Mohammedan  ruins,  with  the  fine  tomh 
of  the  Emperor  Jehangire,  and  the  garden  of  Shah  Jehan. 
Here  are  also  many  Hindoo  temples,  well-supplied  markets, 
and  a  citadel  containing  the  palace  of  the  Sikh  sovereigns. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  English  bishop,  has  a  vernacular  col- 
lege, and  manufactures  of  silks,  fine  embroidered  shawls.^ 
lacquered  ware,  Ac.  Under  the  Mogul  emperors  the  city 
was  of  much  greater  extent.    In  1748  it  fell  into  the  hand» 


LAH 


1592 


LAK 


of  Ahmed  Shah  ;  in  1798  Runjeet  Singh  was  made  governor 
and  rujah.  On  the  defeat  of  the  Sikhs,  1849,  Lahore  was 
taken  possession  of  by  the  British.     Pop. (1891)  176,<'20. 

Lahore,  a  dirision  or  commissionersnip  of  India,  m 
the  Punjab,  comprising  the  districts  of  Lahore,  Ferozepoor, 
and  Gujuru- Walla.  Area,  8961  square  miles.  Pop.  1,889,495. 
The  district  of  Lahore  has  an  area  of  3659  square  miles. 
CapiUl,  Lahore.     Pop.  789,666. 

Lahoul)  India.    See  Lahool. 

La  Hoya,  li  ho'yi,  a  village  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  pass  of  the  same  name,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of 
Vera  Cruz.  A  skirmish  took  place  here  between  the  Mex- 
icans and  the  United  States  troops,  June  19,  1847. 

Lahr,  lin,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Schutter,  53  miles 
by  rail  S.S'.W.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  8491.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linens,  woollens,  cottons,  leather,  vinegar,  <fcc. 

Lahsa,  IAh'sIS  or  £1-Ahsa,  el-4H'si\  written  also 
Lachsa,  lis'si,  Lahissa,  liH'is-siS  Lassa,  and  Ha- 
sa,  a  fertile  district  of  Eastern  Arabia,  about  90  miles  S.W. 
of  Katif  or  El  Katif,  about  lat.  25°  25'  N.,  Ion.  49°  45'  E.  In 
former  times  it  was  also  called  Hajar.  The  date-gardwis  of 
Lahsa  are  very  extensive  and  productive,  being  well  watered 
from  wells  and  lakes.  The  lands  adjoining  the  date-gardens 
produce  wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  rice.  The  tamarisk  here 
attains  a  large  size  and  serves  for  roofing-timber.  The  do- 
mestic industry  of  Lahsa  consists  wholly  in  weaving  camlets 
and  making  abaa  or  overcoats ;  but  the  inhabitants  derive 
large  sums  annually  from  the  sale  of  camels  and  of  dates, 
and  all  the  trade  between  the  coast  of  the  Persian  Gulf  and 
the  Bedouins  of  Nejd  passes  through  this  oasis.  The  Turks, 
at  the  conclusion  of  their  war  with  the  Wahftbee  (1819), 
occupied  Lahsa,-  but  soon  after  restored  it  to  its  original 
possessors,  the  Beni-Khalid,  who  pay  a  small  tribute  to  the 
Porte.     Capital,  Hofhoof.     Pop.  estimated  at  160,000. 

Lahsa,  or  Lachsa,  a  town  in  the  above  district,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  opposite  the  island  of  Bahrein. 

Lahul,  India.    See  Lahool. 

Laiatea,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Raiatea. 

Laibach,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Latbach. 

Laichanpoor,  li-ch&n-poor',  a  port  of  India,  on  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Balasore.  Vessels  hero 
take  cargoes  of  rice  by  lighterage,  being  unable  to  come 
near  the  shore. 

Laichev,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Laishev. 

Laichingen,  li'King-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemborg,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2584. 

Lai-Choo,  or  Lai-Chow-Foo,  li*-ch5w^-foo',  or 
Lai-Tcheon-Fou,  li^-chd-oo^-foo',  called  also  simply 
Lai- Chow,  or  Lai-Tchoo,  a  seaport  town  of  China, 
province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  lat.  37°  13'  N.,  Ion.  119°  50'  E.,  280  miles 
S.E.  of  Peking. 

Laighpoor,  lig^pooR',  a  town  of  Sinde,  60  milea  S.S.W. 
of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  24°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  22'  E. 

Laigle,  or  L'Aigle,  I4g'l  (L.  A'quila),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Orne,  on  the  Rille,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Mortagne.  Pop.  4495.  It  is  walled,  and  was  formerly 
a  military  posrt;.  It  is  now  the  chief  manufacturing  town 
of  its  department,  having  manufactures  of  needles,  pins, 
flteel  goods,  glass,  leather,  gloves,  hardware,  Ac. 

Laigle  (Cape),  France,  between  Marseilles  and  Toulon. 

Laigle,  14g'l,  an  island  of  Canada,  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Prairie  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers,  12  miles 
below  Montreal. 

Laignes,  145,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cdte-d'Or,  10  miles 
W.  of  Chatillon-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1391. 

Laigaeglia,  Ii-gw41'y4  (L.  Lingula),  a  town  of  Italy, 
^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albenga,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

Lailly,  14h^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loiret,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1727. 

Lainate,  Ii-n4't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  noted  for  the  magnificent  palace  of 
the  house  of  Litta.     Pop.  4322. 

Laing's,  l&ngs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.,  in 
Green  township,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Barnesville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Laingsburg,  l&ngs'burg,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Scioto  township,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A 
Saginaw  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Owosso.  It  is  near  the  Looking-Glass  River.  It 
has  a  union  school,  3  ohurenes,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  furniture. 

Lainio-Eif,  li'ne-oo-5lf',  a  river  of  Sweden,  which 
issues  from  Lake  Rosto  in  Torne4  Lappmark,  flows  S.E., 
and  joins  the  Torne4  at  Torneafors.     Length,  140  miles. 

Laino,  li'no,  or  Lao,  l4'o  (anc.  ia'u«),  a  river  of  Italy, 
falls  into  the  Mediterranean  in  39°  42'  N.  lat. 


Laino,  or  Liyno,  li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorinoe  of 
Cosenza,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Cassano.    Pop.  of  commune,  3124. 

Lairdsborongh,  laerdz'bur-riih,  a  post- village  of  Car- 
roll GO.,  Ga.,  10  miles  from  Carrollton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  tannery,  and  a  gold-mine. 

Lairdsrille,  laerdz'vll,  a  post^hamlet  of  Oneida  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Utica. 

Lairdsrille,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  Little  Muncy  Creek,  about  22  milea 
N.  of  Banville.  It  has  2  churches,  3  saw-mills,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Lair's  (laerz)  Station,  a  post-bnmlet  of  Harrison  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lexington. 

Lairsville,  laerz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  opposite  Rowena. 
Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Laishev,  li-shiv',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Kazan.  Pop.  4654,  chiefly  engaged  in  the 
transit  trade  of  iron  and  salt  by  the  river. 

Laissac,  14s^s4k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Millau.  Pop.  1400.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pottery  and  paper. 

Lai-'rchoo,orLai-Tcheon-Foa.    See Lai-Choo. 

Laitre,  a  village  of  France.     See  Val-d'Ajul. 

Lai- Yang,  li-y4ng',  a  large  town  of  China,  province  of 
Shan-Toong,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Che-Foo,  in  lat.  37°  N.,  Ion. 
120°  55'  E.  Pop.  50,000,  including  the  suburbs,  in  which 
are  situated  shops  and  factories  in  which  the  pongee  silk 
is  manufactured.  Gk>ld  abounds  in  the  district,  and  is  ob 
tained  by  washing. 

Laja,  a  river  of  Chili.     See  Laxa. 

La  Jana,  ur  La  Xana,  14  H4'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  40  miles  from  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1650. 

LiU&rA,  14-H4'r4,  a  post-office  of  Conejos  co.,  Col.,  20 
miles  from  Alamosa  Station. 

Lfyas,  a  river  of  Nicaragua.     See  Laxas. 

LfO&tico,  l4-y4-tee'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
circle  of  Pisa.     Pop.  2246. 

Lajbics,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Leibitz. 

Lfyella,  l4-y£ri&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, on  the  sea. 

Lajno,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Laino. 

La  Jumelli^re,14  zhii^merie-aiR',  a  village  of  France, 
Maine-et-Loire,  13  miles  E. N.E.  of  Beaupr^au.    Pop.  1755 

La  Junquera,  Spain.     See  Junqdera. 

La  Junta  (Sp.  pron.  14  HOon't4),  a  post-village  of  Bent 
CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
<fc  Santa  F6  and  Pueblo  &  Arkansas  Valley  Railroads,  74 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pueblo,  and  22  milea  W.  of  Las  Animus. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

La  Junta,  14  Hoon't4  (post-office,  Watrous),  a  village 
of  Mora  co..  New  Mexico,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Mora.     P.  125. 

Lak^ahur'rah,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Mooltan. 

Lakaradeevh,  native  name  of  the  Laccadite  Islands. 

Lakassiue,  Louisiana.     See  Lacabsine. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  California.  Are^ 
1125  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  con- 
sists chiefly  of  a  fertile  valley,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Coast  Range  of  mountains,  which  are  covered  with  forests 
of  fir,  pine,  and  redwood.  The  most  remarkable  feature 
of  its  surface  is  Clear  Lake,  about  22  miles  long,  and  nearly 
1500  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  Wheat,  barley, 
wool,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This 
county  has  large  quantities  of  borax,  sulphur,  and  marble. 
Cinnabar  and  gold  are  also  found  in  it.  Capital,  Lakeport. 
Pop. in  1870,  2969;  in  1880,  6596;  in  1890,  7101. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Colorado,  has 
an  area  of  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Arkan- 
sas River,  which  rises  in  it.  It  comprises  many  high  peaks 
of  the  Saguache  Mountains,  among  which  are  Massive 
Mountain  (14,368  feet).  Mount  Harvard  (14,383  feet),Mount 
Elbert  (14,326  feet),  and  La  PlataPeak  (14,302  feet).  Silver, 
gold,  and  lead  are  found  ift  this  county,  and  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande,  Colorado  Midland,  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads. 
Capital,  Leadville.  Pop.  in  1870,  522;  in  1880,  23,563;  in 
1890,  14,663. 

Lake,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Illinois,  boiiers 
on  Wisconsin.  Area,  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Plaines  River.  In  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county  is  Pishtaka 
Lake,  an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  which  drains  the  western 
part.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  with  deep  but  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  durable.  Oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  butter,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.     Limestone  underlies  part 


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of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  4  North- 
western, Elgin,  Joliet  &  Eastern,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Capital,  Waukegan.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,014;  in  1880,  21,296;  in  1890,  24,235. 

liakC)  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Indiana,  borders 
on  Illinois.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  and  is  intersected  in  the  N.  part  by  the  Cal- 
umet River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  large  marshes 
occur  in  the  southern  part.  This  county  contains  extensive 
prairies,  the  soil  of  which  is  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan 
Southern,  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Crown  Point.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,339;  in  1880,  15,091;  in  1890,  23,886. 

Lakey  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  lower  peninsula 
of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Marquette,  Memoosic,  and  Pine  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  Capital, 
Baldwin.    Pop.  in  1870,  548;  in  1880,  3233;  in  1890,6505. 

Lake^  a  N.E.  county  of  Minnesota.  Area,  2380  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  a  chain  of  lakes  which 
separate  it  from  the  British  possessions,  on  the  E.  by  Cook 
CO.,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  by 
Manito,  Baptism,  and  other  small  rivers.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly  and  partly  marshy.  Copper  is  found  in  this 
county,  also  abundance  of  granite.  Capital,  Beaver  Bay. 
Pop.  in  1870,  135;  in  1880,  106;  in  1890,  1299. 

liake)  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Erie,  and  intersected  by  Grand  ind  Chagrin  Rivers;.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  chestnut,  elm,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  pine,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
potatoes,  wheat,  and  fruit  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian 
shale  and  sandstone  of  the  carboniferous  age  crop  out  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad. 
Capital,  Painesville.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,935 ;  in  1880, 16,326 ; 
in  1890,  18,235. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  S..  part  of  Oregon,  borders  on 
California.  Area,  8040  square  miles.  It  contains  Abert, 
Goose,  Summer,  and  Christmas,  or  Warner,  Lakes.  The 
surface  about  the  lakes  is  mountainous.  Capital,  Lake- 
view.     Pop. in  1880,  2804;  in  1890,  2604. 

Iiake,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the 
Vermilion  River,  and  contains  Herman  and  Madison  Lakes. 
The  surface  is  diversified.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  two  branches  of  which 
converge  at  Madison,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880,  2657  ;  in 
1890,7508. 

Liake,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Tennessee,  bor- 
ders on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  210  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  E. 
by  Reelfoot  Lake.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  oak,  beech,  gum,  cypress,  hickory, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Tiptonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2428;  in  1880,  3968;  in  1890,  5304. 

Lake^a  township  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  lying  just  S.  of 
Chicago.     Pop.  3360. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1309.  It  con- 
tains Areola. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S.  by 
Beaver  Lake.     Pop.  378. 

Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in  Luce  town- 
ship, about  24  miles  E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  316. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  66. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  199. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  762. 
It  is  traversed  by  Cedar  River. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  40. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  bordering  on 
Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  1083. 

Lake,  a  station  in  Clare  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Farwell. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  562. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  104. 

Lake,  a  post-office  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  538, 
exclusive  of  Lake  City. 
101 


Lake,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Vicks- 
burg  <fc  Meridian  Railroad,  54  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  hai 
a  newspaper  office,  2  seminaries,  a  banking-house,  and  4 
churches. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  297. 

Lake,  a  station  in  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  railroad 
from  St.  Joseph  to  Atchison,  Kansas,  5  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Joseph. 

Lake,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  16  miles  W.  of 
St.  Louis,  on  or  near  Lake  Creve  Coeur. 

Lake,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.     See  Lawton. 

Lake,  or  Lakeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  starch-factory. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  701. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  3753.  It 
contains  Bellefontaine. 

Lake,  a  post-township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  2113. 
Lake  Post-Office  is  at  Uniontown,  besides  which  the  town- 
ship contains  hamlets  named  Hartville  and  Greentown. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  traversed  by  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad.     Pop.  1120. 

Lake,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Lake  town- 
ship, near  Harvey's  Lake,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  597. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  524. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  873. 

Lake,  a  station  on  the  Brazos  division  of  the  Interna- 
tional &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Heame. 
Tex. 

Lake,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Island  Pond. 

Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va.,  7  miles  N. 
of  Logan  Court-House. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  adjoining  the 
city  of  Milwaukee  on  the  S.  Pop.  in  1890,  4899.  Lake 
Station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  is 

7  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Lake  Ainslie,  anz'lee,  in  the  co.  of  Inverness,  Cape 
Breton,  lies  in  the  valley  of  Ainslie,  about  3  miles  to  the 
westward  of  Whycocomah  village,  8  miles  S.  of  Mabou  Har- 
bor. It  is  12  miles  long,  and  7  miles  broad  at  the  widest 
part.  The  outlet  of  Margaree  River  forms  the  northern 
corner  of  the  lake. 

Lake  Amelia,  a-me'le-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  oo., 
Minn.,  25  miles  from  Melrose.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Lake  Au'drew,  a  township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  390. 

Lake  Ar'thnr,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish,  La., 
on  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  90  miles  W.  of  Morgan  City. 

Lake  Aylmer,  al'm^r,  a  beautiful  lake  on  the  river 
St.  Francis,  co.  of  Wolfe,  Quebec,  about  8  miles  long  by  3 
miles  wide,  and  abounding  in  excellent  fish. 

Lake  Aylmer,  or  Strafford,  a  post-village  in  Wolfe 
CO.,  Quebec,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.  It  has  good 
water-power,  and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  150. 

Lake  Belt,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Winnebago  City.     Pop.  164. 

Lake  Ben'ton,  an  incorporated  post- village,  capital 
of  Lincoln  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  29  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Brookings,  S.D.     Pop.  in  1890,  513. 

Lake  Bol'ivar,  a  hamlet  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  20  miles  from  Arkapolis  Railroad  Station, 
Ark.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake  Burn'side,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss. 

Lake  But'ler,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  is 
on  a  small  lake,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Starke,  about  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Gainesville.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  <fec. 

Lake  Cen'ter,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa. 

Lake  Champlain,  sham-plane',  a  station  in  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  120 
miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  Me.     See  also  Champlain. 

Lake  Charles,  charlz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cal- 
casieu parish.  La.,  on  the  navigable  Calcasieu  River  at  the 
junction  of  two  railways,  and  on  a  small  lake  of  its  own 
name,  219  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  100  miles  S.W. 
of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  several  steam 
saw-mills,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  838;  in  1890, 
3442. 

Lake  Cicott,  sl'kot.,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind., 

8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Logansport. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
S.W.  shore  of  Upper  Lake,  about  160  miles  N.E.  of  Shasta. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hinsdale  co..  Col., 
is  on  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison  River,  about  63  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Gunnison.     It  is  surrounded  by  high 


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1594 


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mountains  of  the  San  Juan  Range,  and  has  2  newspaper 
oflfices,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  planing-mill, 
2  sampling-worlis  and  ore-concentrating  mill  for  the  rich 
silver-mines  in  its  vicinity,  and  electric-light-works.  Pop. 
in  1890,  607. 

Lake  City»  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co., 
Fla.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  60  miles  W.  of  Jack- 
sonville, and  106  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tallahassee.  It  is  a 
winter  resort  for  invalids.  It  has  2  weekly  newspaper 
oflBces,  6  churches,  a  Peabody  school,  a  state  agricultural 
college,  a  college  for  young  ladies,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber.     Pop.  fn  1880,  1379;  In  1890,  2020. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lovington 
Junction.   It  has  2  churches,  an  elevator,  and  a  drug-store. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
small  lake,  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4 
churches  and  1  or  2  weekly  newspapers.    Pop.  (1890)  1160. 

Lake  City,  a  post-township  of  Barber  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Medicine  Lodge  River.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  189. 

Lake  City,  or  Reed'er,  a  post-village  of  Missaukee 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Reeder  township,  on  Muskrat  Lake,  about  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a 
shingle-mill. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village  of  AVabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  Pepin,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
22  miles  below  Red  Wing,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  58  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wabasha.  Its  site  is  a  small  plain  between  the 
lake  and  high  limestone  bluffs  which  present  picturesque 
scenery.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  iron-works,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  3  carriage-facto- 
ries, and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2128. 

Lake  City,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Wy- 
andotte, Kansas  City  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  E. 
of  Independence,  and  near  a  fine  lake. 

Lake  Cold'en,  a  beautiful  little  lake  in  Essex  oo., 
N.Y.,  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  Its  surface  is 
about  2800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  nearly  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Mt.  Marcy.  Opalescent  River,  one  of  the 
head-streams  of  the  Hudson,  issues  from  this  lake. 

Lake  Comfort,  kiim'fprt,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Lake  Como,  Italy.    See  Laoo  bi  Coho. 

Lake  Co'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  100 
miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.    It  has  a  church  and  orange-groves. 

Lake  Como,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Miss. 

Lake  Como,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about 
38  miles  N.N.  E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  on  a  small  lake.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lake  Creek,  of  Texas,  enters  the  San  Jacinto  near 
the  middle  of  Montgomery  co. 

Lake  Creek,  Williamson  co..  111.  See  Jefpersonvillk. 

Lake  Cross'ing,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Lake  Crys'tal,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Blue 
Earth  co.,  Minn.,  in  Garden  City  township,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  9  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  creamery,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  wagons,  harness,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  824. 

Lakedaimon,  the  Greek  name  of  Laced.gvon. 

Lake  Dam'beling,  a  salt-water  lake  of  Western  Aus- 
tralia, about  175  miles  S.E.  of  Perth.  It  is  15  miles  long 
by  7  miles  broad,  shallow,  with  many  low  islands. 

Lake  Dram'mond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va., 
on  a  canal  in  the  Dismal  Swamp,  12  miles  S.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  2  churches.  Cedar  lumber  is  manufactured  here. 
Bee  Dbummond  Lake. 

Lakee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Lakki. 

Lake  JBliz'abeth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo., 
Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  6  miles  from  Atwater  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  96  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake  £lmo,  Minnesota.     See  Lohmansville. 

Lake  Etcliemin,  esh'§-min,  or  Saint  Germain, 
sent  jer^main',  a  postgvillage  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Lake  Etohemin,  36  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It 
contains  4  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill,  and  has  a  large  lum- 
ber-trade.    Pop.  250. 

Lake  Ea'nice,  township,  Becker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  130. 

Lake'field,  or  North  Douro,  doo'ro,  a  post-village 
in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  head  of  the  Otonabee 
River,  and  on  the  Midland  Railway,  40  miles  N.  of  Port 
Hope.  It  possesses  extensive  water-power  privileges,  and 
contains  a  woollen-factory,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  3 
churches,  8  or  9  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Lake  Five,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on  a 
■mail  lake  in  Richfield  township,  22  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  a  church. 


Lake  For'est,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co..  111.,  on  Lak* 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  Its  site  is  diversified  by  pic- 
turesque ravines  and  bluffs.  It  contains  the  Lake  Forest 
University,  a  boys'  academy,  a  female  seminary,  3  churches, 
and  many  elegant  residences  and  villas.     Pop.  (1890)  1203. 

Lake  Fork,  Ohio,  drains  the  W.  part  of  Wayne  co., 
runs  southward  in  Ashland  co.,  and  enters  the  Mohican 
River  in  the  W.  part  of  Holmes  co. 

Lake  Fork,  of  the  Sabine,  runs  southeastward  through 
Wood  CO.,  Tex.,  and  enters  the  Sabine  River  after  a  courM 
of  about  60  miles. 

Lake  Fork,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.     Pop.  398. 

Lake  Fork,  Ashland  co.,  0.    See  Tylertown. 

Lake  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Longview. 

Lake  Fre^mont',  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  99. 

Lake  Fremont,  a  post-office  and  lake  of  Sherburna 
CO.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.  of  Princeton. 

Lake  Fremont,  Minnesota.    See  Dunnell. 

Lake  Gauss,  a  lake  of  Minnesota,  in  Cass  co.,  10  milei 
S.E.  of  Leech  Lake.     It  is  about  9  miles  long. 

Lake  Geneva,  Wisconsin.    See  Geneva. 

Lake  George,  sometimes  called  Hor'icon,  a  long  and 
beautiful  lake  of  New  York,  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Warren  and  Washington  cos.  The  head  of  thia 
lake  is  at  Caldwell,  from  which  it  extends  N.E.  36  miles, 
and  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  Essex  co.     See  Calitwell. 

Lake  George,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Fla.,  on 
St.  John's  River,  100  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  large  hotel,  and  many  orange-groves. 

Lake  Griffin,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla. 

Lake  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Brookhaven  township,  3  miles  from  Lakeland  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  48  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lake  Han'ska,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  Minn 
Pop.  229. 

Lake  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  6  miles  S.  of  Muskegon.  Here  are  2 
saw-mills. 

Lake  Har'old,  a  post-office  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  on 
a  small  lake,  24  miles  E.  of  Willmar. 

Lake  Haw'don,  South  Australia,  is  near  the  8.  coast, 
170  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Adelaide. 

Lake  Uen'ry,  a  township  of  Steams  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  243. 

Lake  Uielmar,  Sweden.    See  Hjblhar. 

Lake  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.T.,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lake  Huron  Crossing,  Indiana.    See  Haskell. 

Lake  Irma,  ^r'm^,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  Fla. 

Lake  Iseo,  ee-s&'o  (ano.  Sevi'nuB  La'cui),  in  Italy, 
between  Brescia  and  Bergamo,  is  15  miles  E.  of  Bergamo, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Oglio,  a  river  tributary  to  the  Po. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  15  miles;  average  breadth,  2i 
miles ;  greatest  depth,  984  feet. 

Lake  Jes'sup,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Lake  Johan'na,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn., 
on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  22  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Benson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  283. 

Lake  Kakebonga,  k&-ke-bong'ga,  a  large  lake  of 
Canada,  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Ottawa  River,  about 
lat.  47°  15'  N.,  Ion.  76°  30'  W. 

Lake  Kampeska,  Dakota.    See  Kampeska. 

Lake  Kat^takit'tekon  (Fr.  Lac  Vieux  Disert,  lik 
ve^oh'  di^zaiR'),  a  lake  at  the  head  of  Wisconsin  River,  on 
the  border  between  the  states  of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan. 
Length,  about  7  miles;  breadth,  4  or  5  miles. 

Lake  Kempt,  a  large  lake  of  Quebec,  between  the 
head-waters  of  the  Riviere  du  Li^vre  and  the  Mattawa 
River  and  Lake.     It  is  studded  with  numerous  islands. 

Lakeland,  lak'land,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Polk 
CO.,  Fla.,  83  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Sanford.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 

Lakeland,  a  post-village  of  Pointe  Coup6e  parish.  La. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  sugar-mills  and  cotton-gins. 

Lakeland,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  St.  Croix  River  (here  expanded  into  a 
lake),  about  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  steam  saw- 
mills, a  high  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  523. 

Lakeland,  a  village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  48  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Long  Island  City.  Here  are  manufactories  of 
cigars,  buttons,  Ac.     Not  far  ofif  is  Lake  Ronkonkoma. 

Lake  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C,  on 
Mattamuskeet  Lake.     P.  of  Lake  Landing  township,  223&» 


LAK. 


1595 


LAK 


Lake  Leman,  Europe.    See  Lake  of  Geneva. 

Lakelet,  lak'l^t,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Clifford.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Lake  Lillian,  lil'le-an,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  217. 

Lake  Lin'den,  a  post-village  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich., 
in  Schoolcraft  township,  on  Torch  Lake,  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Hancock  &  Calumet  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Calumet. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and  copper-stamping-mills. 
Pop.  about  2500. 

Lake  Maggiore,  Italy.    See  Lago  Maggiore. 

Lake  Mahopac  Station,  New  York.    See  Mahopac. 

Lake  Mait'land,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on 
a  small  lake,  about  6  miles  from  Orlando.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  and  several  orange-groves.  It  is  in  a  level,  sandy 
country,  in  which  the  pine  abounds. 

Lake  Maracaybo,  m3,-ri-ki'bo,  state  of  Falcon, 
Venezuela,  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a  short  channel. 
It  is  deep,  but  large  vessels  cannot  enter,  on  account  of  the 
bar  at  its  outlet.  Its  waters  are  generally  fresh,  but  are 
somewhat  brackish  at  times,  especially  near  the  outlet.  It 
is  navigated  by  small  craft,  and  receives  the  Catatumba, 
Motatan,  Bravo,  Chama,  Zulia,  and  other  rivers,  some  of 
them  navigable.     Length,  137  miles;  breadth,  75  miles. 

Lake  Mareotis,  Egypt.    See  Mareotis. 

Lake  Mari'a,  a  post-office  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis., 
•bout  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Lake  Mar'shall,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
897.     It  contains  Marshall,  the  county  seat. 

Lake  Mary,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
225.  It  contains  Lake  Mary,  Lake  Andrews,  Long  Lake, 
and  others. 

Lakeraba,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Laguemba. 

Lake  Megan'tic,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  St.  Francis  <fc  Lake  Megantic  Railway,  65  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Lennoxville.    Pop.  100.    See  Megantic. 

Lake  Memphremagog,  mSm^fre-mi'gog,  situated 
partly  in  Vermont  and  partly  in  Canada,  is  about  30  miles 
in  length,  and  varies  from  1  to  4  miles  in  breadth.  About  8 
miles  only  of  its  S.  extremity  lie  in  Orleans  co,,  Vt. ;  the 
rest  is  in  Canada.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  Magog 
Outlet  into  the  St.  Francis  River,  in  Canada.  It  is  much 
visited  by  tourists. 

Lake  Methye,  mfith-I',  a  small  lake  of  British  North 
America,  180  miles  S.  of  Lake  Athabasca,  and  having  at 
its  S.  extremity  Fort  Methye.  Another  Lake  Methye  is 
350  miles  S.W. 

Lake  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa,  18 
miles  W.  of  Northwood,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Mason 
City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  5  stores. 
Pop.  in  1880,  414;  in  1890,  604. 

Lake  mills,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Dallas.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lake  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  in 
Lake  Mills  township,  and  on  Rock  Lake,  25  miles  E.  of 
Madison,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  water- 
power,  a  graded  school,  several  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  carriages,  cigars,  farming-implements,  &c.  Pop. 
in  1880,  671 ;  in  1890,  1053 ;  of  the  township,  2107.  Rock 
Lake  is  4  miles  long,  and  attracts  many  visitors. 

Lake  Jntiritz,  mii'rits  (Ger.  Muritzaee,  mii'rits-sA^),  a 
lake  of  North  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  imme- 
diately S.  of  Waren.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  19  miles.  It 
communicates  on  the  N.  with  Lake  Flesen. 

Lakenan,  lak'nan,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  and  on  Salt  River, 
42  miles  W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  pottery  for  stoneware. 

Lake  Ncmicachinque,  nem^e-ka-chin'kwee,  in  Mas- 
kinonge  co.,  Quebec,  between  Lakes  Culotte  and  Goldfinch, 
forms  part  of  the  chain  of  lakes  at  the  N.E.  source  of  the 
Rividro  du  Li^vre.     It  is  long,  extending  from  N.  to  S. 

Lake  Ngami,  Africa.    See  Ngami. 

Lake  Nicaragua  (Sp.  Lago  de  Nicaragua,  li'go  di 
ne-ki-ri'gw4),  an  extensive  sheet  of  water  in  the  republic 
of  Nicaragua,  Central  America,  90  miles  long  from  N.W. 
to  S.E. ;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles ;  mean  breadth,  30  miles. 
It  lies  128  feet  above  the  Pacific  Ocean,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  a  line  of  active  volcanoes.  The  river  San  Juan 
flows  from  its  S.E.  extremity  into  the  Caribbean  Sea,  and 
at  its  N.W.  extremity  it  is  connected  with  the  smuller  lake 
of  Managua,  or  Leon,  by  the  river  Tipitapa.  About  100 
yards  from  the  beach  there  is  generally  a  depth  of  about  2 
fathoms;  in  other  parts,  all  the  intermediate  soundings  be- 
tween 5  and  15  fathoms  are  found.  Waterfowl  and  excellent 


fish  are  abundant ;  alligators  also,  of  great  size,  are  numerous. 
It  contains  some  islands,  and  several  groups  of  islets,  all  of 
volcanic  origin.  Of  the  former,  Zapatera,  Ometepe,  and 
Madera  are  the  largest,  being  several  miles  in  circuit.  Za- 
patera is  mountainous,  rising  nearly  to  2000  feet  in  height, 
and  is  uninhabited ;  but  Ometepe  is  occupied  by  an  indus- 
trious race  of  Indians,  who  raise  maize,  &o.,  and  possess 
some  cattle.  Madera  is  joined  to  Ometepe  by  a  low  neok 
of  land,  which  is  frequently  overflowed ;  in  form  it  is  a 
huge  mound  more  than  4000  feet  high,  covered  with 
cedar-wood.  The  islets  are  generally  conical  in  shape,  and 
seldom  exceed  3  or  4  acres  in  area ;  they  are  covered  with 
verdure,  and  on  many  of  them  are  cultivated  patches  of 
ground ;  and  on  such,  generally  crowning  their  summits, 
relieved  by  a  dense  green  background  of  plantations,  and 
surrounded  by  palms  and  the  papaya  with  its  great  golden 
fruit,  are  the  picturesque  cane  huts  of  the  inhabitants.  On 
one  of  the  smaller  islands,  Pensacola,  numerous  relics  of 
antiquity  have  been  recently  found,  consisting  of  huge, 
elaborately-sculptured  stones,  massive  idols,  and  figures  of 
monstrous  animals.  The  material  is  in  every  case  black 
basalt,  and  the  cutting  exhibits  great  freedom  and  skill,  in 
workmanship  and  style  differing  materially  from  those  of 
Yucatan.  It  has  long  been  contemplated  to  establish  through 
Lake  Nicaragua  a  navigable  communication,  by  means  of  a 
ship-canal,  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans. 

Lake  Nip'issing^  or  Nep'issing%  Ontario,  is  situ- 
ated N.E.  of  Lake  Huron,  nearly  midway  between  it  and  the 
Ottawa  River.  The  shape  is  irregular ;  the  shores  are  bold. 
Length,  50  miles  ;  greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  It  contains 
many  islands,  and  discharges  itself  into  Georgian  Bay 
(Lake  Huron)  by  French  River,  the  navigation  of  which  is, 
however,  impeded  by  numerous  rapids ;  but  eastward  it  is 
separated  by  only  a  short  portage  from  Turtle  Lake  and 
Little  River,  a  tributary  of  the  navigable  Ottawa. 

Lake  Nyassa,  Africa.    See  Ntassa. 

Lake  of  Annecy,  inn^see',  in  Savoy,  France,  22  miles 
S.  of  Geneva,  is  9  miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  from 
1  to  2  miles  in  breadth,  and  1426  feet  above  the  sea.  At 
its  N.W.  extremity  it  discharges  its  surplus  waters  into  tbt 
Fieran,  an  affiuent  of  the  Rhone. 

Lake  of  Averno,  Italy.    See  Averno. 

Lake  of  Bienne,  Switzerland.    See  Bienne  Lakb. 

Lake  of  Castiglione,  Italy.    See  Castiglionb. 

Lake  of  Chiusi,  Italy.    See  Chicsi,  Lake  of. 

Lake  of  Cojutepeque.    See  Cojutepeque. 

Lake  of  Con'stance  (anc.  Bnganti'nu8  La' cub;  Ger. 
Boden-See,  bo'd§n-si^ ;  Fr.  Lac  de  Constance,  lik  d§h  k6M»^- 
st6Nss'),  a  lake  of  Central  Europe,  forming  a  common  cen- 
tre in  which  Switzerland  and  the  territories  of  Baden, 
Wiirtemberg,  Bavaria,  and  Austria  meet.  It  lies  between 
lat.  47°  28'  and  47°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  9°  and  9°  42'  E. ; 
length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  40  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
about  9  miles;  area,  200  square  miles;  greatest  depth, 
which  is  between  Friedrichshafen  and  Rorschach,  964  feet; 
1283  feet  above  sea-level.  At  its  N.W.  extremity  the  lake 
is  divided  into  two  branches  or  arms,  each  about  14  miles 
in  length:  the  N.  arm  is  called  the  Ueberlingen  Lake, 
after  the  town  of  Ueberlingen,  on  its  N.  bank ;  the  S. 
branch  the  Unter-See,  in  which  is  situated  the  fertile  island 
of  Reichenau,  belonging  to  Baden,  about  3  miles  long  and 
IJ  broad.  The  Rhine  enters  the  lake  at  Rheineck,  at  its 
S.E.  extremity,  and  leaves  it  at  Stein,  at  its  N.W.  termina- 
tion. Various  other  smaller  rivere  empty  themselves  into 
it.  The  lake,  the  waters  of  which  are  of  a  dark -green  hue 
and  very  clear,  is  subject  to  sudden  risings,  the  causes  of 
which  are  unknown.  It  freezes  in  severe  winters  only 
Steamers  ply  on  the  lake  between  Constance  and  variouo 
points  on  its  shores.  The  banks  are  either  flat  or  gently 
undulating,  and  are  not  remarkable  for  picturesque  beauty ; 
but  they  are  extremely  fertile,  and  are  covered  with  corn- 
fields, orchards,  and  gardens,  interspersed  with  ruined 
castles  and  with  numerous  towns  and  villages,  producing  a 
very  pleasing  and  striking  effect. 

Lake  of  Damascus,  Syria.    See  Bahr-el-Merj. 

Lake  of  Damm,  Germany.    See  Dammsche-See. 

Lake  of  Geneva,  or  Lake  Le'man  (Ger.  Genfer- 
See,  ghSn'f^r-si^ ;  Fr.  Lac  de  Genive,  lik  d^h  zh§h-naiv' ; 
anc.  Lema'nua  La'cua),  a  lake  of  Europe,  between  Switzer- 
land and  France.  It  is  crescent-shaped.  Length,  45  miles ; 
breadth,  from  1  to  9i  miles ;  area,  82  square  miles ;  height 
above  the  sea,  1230  feet;  greatest  depth,  near  its  E.  ex- 
tremity, 984  feet.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rhone  from  B. 
to  W.,  and  receives  the  Dranse,  Venoge,  and  other  small 
rivers.  Its  waters  have  a  peculiar  deep-blue  color,  are 
very  transparent,  and  contain  a  great  variety  of  fish.  It  is 
never  wholly  frozen  over,  and  it  is  subject  lo  seiche*,  of 


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\y 


LAK 


remarkable  risings  of  from  1  to  4  or  6  feet,  which  last  only 
about  25  minutes. 

Lake  of  Gennesareth.    See  Lake  op  Tabakbkteh. 

Lake  of  Goukeka.    See  GSktsche-Denghis. 

Lake  of  Isneek,  Iznik,  or  Isnik,  iz'neek'  (anc. 
Atca'niut  Lacua),  a  beautiful  lake  of  Asia  Minor,  17  miles 
B.  of  the  Gulf  of  Moodania,  into  which  it  discharges  itself 
by  a  small  river.     Length,  14  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Lake  of  Lesina,  li-see'ni  (ane.  Pantamu),  called  also 
Salso,  sil'so,  or  Saipe,  sil'pi,  in  Italy,  forms  a  kind  of 
lagoon  along  the  Adriatic,  into  which  it  discharges  itself. 
Length,  from  E,  to  W.,  13  miles;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Lake  of  Locarno.    See  Lago  Maggiore. 

Lake  of  Lucerne,  lu-s^m'  (Ger.  Waldstddter-See,  or 
Vierwaldstddter-See,  feer-*41t'st4t-t§r-si\  or  the  "  Lake  of 
the  Four  Forest  Cantons"),  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  near  its 
centre,  enclosed  by  the  cantons  of  Schwytz,  Uri,  Unter- 
walden,  and  Lucerne.  Length,  24  miles ;  breadth,  from  ^ 
a  mile  to  2  miles;  height  of  surface  above  the  sea,  1380 
feet ;  the  depth  varies  from  300,  near  Lucerne,  to  900  feet 
near  its  E.  extremity.  Shape,  cruciform,  with  a  prolonga- 
tion eastward,  called  the  Lake  of  Uri,  where  its  banks  rise 
into  rugged  sublimity ;  its  scenery  is  everywhere  picturesque. 
The  Reuss  enters  it  at  its  S.B.  and  leaves  it  at  its  N.  W.  end. 
The  city  of  Lucerne  and  towns  of  Kussnacht,  Brunnen,  and 
Fliielen  are  on  this  lake,  on  which  a  steamer  plies  from  end 
to  end  twice  a  day  in  summer. 

Lake  of  Miletopolis,  Asia  Minor.     See  Maneeyas. 

Lake  of  Morat,  mo^rit'  (Ger.  Murtener-See,  or  Murt- 
ner-See,  mooRt'n^r-?^^),  a  small  lake  of  Switzerland,  cantons 
of  Freyburg  and  Vaud,  2  miles  S,E.  of  the  Lake  of  Neuf- 
oh^tel,  and  connected  with  it  by  the  river  Broye,  which 
traverses  the  Lake  of  Morat.  Length,  7  miles ;  breadth,  2 
miles.  Banks  low,  fertile,  and  agreeable.  On  its  B.  and  S. 
sides  are  the  towns  of  Morat  and  Avenches. 

Lake  of  Neufchatel,  nush^iHSl',  one  of  the  larger 
lakes  of  Switzerland,  in  the  W.  part,  18  miles  N.  of  the  Lake 
of  Geneva,  enclosed  by  the  cantons  of  NeufchHtel,  Vaud, 
Freyburg,  and  Bern.  Length,  24  miles ;  average  breadth, 
4  miles.  Estimated  area,  90  square  miles ;  height  above 
the  sea,  1424  feet;  depth,  426  feet.  It  receives  several 
rivers ;  the  Broye  brings  to  it  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake 
Morat,  and  it  discharges  its  own  northward  by  the  Thiele 
through  the  Lake  of  Bienne  into  the  Aar.  Its  scenery  is 
less  sublime  than  that  of  the  other  Swiss  lakes,  but  its  banks 
are  pleasant,  and  on  them  are  the  towns  of  Neufch&tel  and 
Yverdun,  between  which  a  steamer  plies  daily. 

Lake  of  Neusiedl,  noi'seed'l  (Hun.  Ferto  Tava,  fSR'- 
to^  t5h'v6h^),  a  lake  of  Hungary,  near  its  western  frontier, 
between  the  counties  of  Oedenburg  and  Wieselburg,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Presburg.  Length,  23  miles;  average  breadth,  7 
miles ;  depth,  from  9  to  13  feet.  It  receives  the  Vulka 
River,  and  the  town  of  Rusth  is  on  its  W.  side,  where  its 
banks  are  well  wooded;  on  the  E.  the  country  is  low  and 
marshy,  and  here  its  waters,  during  its  sudden  and  irregular 
inundations,  are  carried  to  the  Rabnitz  by  a  canal  cut  by  a 
prince  of  the  Esterhazy  family,  who  resides  in  its  vicinity. 

Lake  of  Oclirida  or  Okhrida,  oK're-d&  (anc.  Lych- 
ni'tis  Lacus),  the  principal  lake  of  Albania,  European  Tur- 
key, in  lat.  41°  N.,  Ion.  20°  45'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S., 
18  miles;  extreme  breadth,  8  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by 
lofty  mountains,  and  is  highly  picturesque. 

Lake  of  Ooroomeeyah,  oo-roo-mee'ya,  or  Uru- 
mia,  or  Shahee,  shi'hee\  a  shallow  lake  of  Persia,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Tabreez,  is  85  miles  long  and  30  miles  broad. 
It  receives  several  rivers,  contains  numerous  small  islands, 
and  has  waters  so  salt  as  to  be  able  to  support  but  few  kinds 
of  animal  life.     Its  elevation  is  4200  feet. 

Lake  of  Or'ta  (anc.  Xa'cu*  Ou'siiuf),  of  Italy,  is  7 
miles  W.  of  Lago  Maggiore,  into  which  it  discharges  its 
surplus  waters.  Length,  8  miles ;  breadth,  li  miles.  It  is 
highly  picturesque. 

Lake  of  Perugia,  p4-roo'ji,  or  Lake  Thras'- 
ymene  (It.  Lago  di  Perugia,  li'go  dee  pi-roo'j&,  and 
Trasimeno,  tri-se-m4'no ;  anc.  Thrasyme'mia  or  Trasime'- 
nu€  La'cus  ;  Fr.  Lac  de  P6rouse,  lik  d^h  pi^rooz'),  a  lake 
of  Italy,  10  miles  W.  of  Perugia,  is  situated  in  a  basin  en- 
closed on  every  side  by  the  Apennines.  It  is  a  fine  sheet 
of  water,  about  30  miles  in  circumference,  surrounded  by 
gentle  eminences  covered  with  oak,  pine,  and  olive  plan- 
tations, and  it  contains  three  islands.  Near  this  lake  Han- 
nibal defeated  the  Romans  under  Flaminius,  217  B.C. 

Lake  of  Ploen,  plon,  Germany,  the  largest  in  Hol- 
stein,  is  about  7  miles  in  length  and  4  miles  in  breadth. 
The  Little  Ploen  Lake  is  the  N.  portion,  separated  by  the 
narrow  isthmus  on  which  Ploen  is  situated. 

Lake  of  Poschiavo,  pos-ke-i'vo,  Switzerland,  im- 


mediately S.E.  of  the  town  of  Poschiavo,  la  3  miles  long 
and  1^  miles  broad. 

Lake  of  Sarnen,  saB'n^n,  in  Switzerland,  8.  of  Bar* 
nen,  3  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  and  traversed 
by  the  Aa  from  the  Lake  of  Lungern. 

Lake  of  Schwerin,  shwi-reen',  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  Germany,  is  14  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
average  breadth.  It  receives  the  Elde  on  the  S.,  and  from 
its  N.  extremity  flows  the  Stor,  which  enters  the  Baltic  at 
Wismar.     On  its  W.  shore  is  the  town  of  Schwerin. 

Lake  of  Socorro,  so-kor'ro,  a  lake  of  South  America, 
in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  at  the  head  of  the  brook  of 
Reventado,  which  supplies  water  to  the  city  of  Cartage. 

Lake  (or  Sea)  of  Tabareeyeh,t&b-a-ree'y%,  written 
also  Tabariyeh  or  Tabaria,  tib-a-ree'ya,  and  Gen- 
nesareth, jen-nes'a-reth,  or  Genesaret,  jen-es'a-ret 
(called  in  Scripture  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  or  Sea  of  Tiberias),  a 
famous  lake  of  Palestine,  forming  part  of  its  E.  boundary, 
between  lat.  32°  45'  and  32°  56'  N.,  and  in  Ion.  35°  35'  E. 
Shape,  somewhat  oval.  Length,  14  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
8  miles ;  depression  below  the'Mediterranean,  755  feet.  It 
is  traversed  throughout  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  river  Jordan. 
Shores  steep,  but  not  precipitous.  This  lake  has  neither 
the  imposing  scenery  which  characterizes  the  Dead  Sea, 
nor  any  remarkable  picturesque  beauty,  but  its  surface  and 
environs  derive  considerable  interest  from  being  the  scenes 
of  numerous  miracles  recorded  in  the  life  of  the  Founder 
of  Christianity;  and  around  it  were  anciently  the  cities 
of  Tiberias,  Magdala,  Capernaum,  Chorazin,  and  Bethsaida, 
all  of  which,  except  Tiberias,  have  wholly  disappeared.  Its 
vicinity  presents  numerous  traces  of  volcanic  action ;  and  its 
waters  are  liable  to  be  affected  by  sudden  tempests,  one  of 
which  is  recorded  in  Holy  Writ. 

Lake  of  Tamiagua,  t&-me-&'gw&,  Mexico,  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  60  miles  in  length,  and  25  miles  in  greatest 
breadth,  is  separated  at  its  N.  extremity  by  a  narrow  isth- 
mus  from  the  Lake  of  Tampico. 

Lake  of  Tampico,  tim-pee'ko,  a  shallow  lagoon  of 
Mexico,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  20 
miles  in  length  by  10  miles  across.  It  communicates  north- 
ward with  the  united  mouths  of  the  Tula  and  Tampico 
Rivers,  and  eastward  with  the  Lake  of  Tamiagua.  Large 
quantities  of  prawns,  caught  in  it,  are  salted  for  export. 

Lake  of  'Terminos.    See  Lagcha  de  Terhinos. 

Lake  of  the  Horn,  Egypt.     See  Birket-el-Karji. 

Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  or  Lac  des 
Mille  Isles,  l&k  dk  mill  eel,  an  expansion  in  the  upper 
part  of  St.  Lawrence  River,  near  Lake  Ontario,  containing 
the  group  called  Thousand  Islands  (which  see). 

Lake  of  the  Woods  (Fr.  Lac  dei  Bois,  l&k  Ak  bw&), 
a  large  lake  of  North  America,  near  lat.  49°  N.  It  is  partly 
in  Minnesota  and  partly  in  Keewatin,  Canada.  It  has  an 
irregular  form,  nearly  100  miles  long,  and  250  miles  or  more 
in  circuit.  It  is  supplied  by  Rainy  Lake  River,  and  the 
surplus  water  is  discharged  by  the  Winnipeg  River,  which 
issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  It  encloses  numerous 
wooded  islands.      Elevation,  977  feet. 

Lake  of  Thun,toon  (Ger.  TAuner-ASee,  toon'^r-si*),  in 
Switzerland,  10  miles  in  length ;  average  breadth,  2  miles. 
Height  above  the  sea,  1896  feet.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
river  Aar  from  Brienzer-See,  and  at  its  W.  end  it  receives 
the  Simmen.  The  shores  near  Thun  are  covered  with  villas 
and  gardens ;  farther  E.  they  are  precipitous  and  strikingly 
picturesque.  Two  steamboats  ply  on  it  daily.  On  its  S.W 
side  are  the  mountains  of  Stockhorn  and  Niesen. 

Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Que- 
bec, being  an  expansion  of  the  river  Ottawa  near  its  mouth. 
It  is  of  very  irregular  form,  about  24  miles  long,  and  vary- 
ing from  1  to  6  miles  in  breadth. 

Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec.    See  Oka. 

Lake  of  Uri,  yu'ree,  of  Switzerland,  is  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  Its  shores  are  precipitous 
and  pathless;  it  receives  the  river  Reuss.  See  Lake  of 
Lucerne. 

Lake  of  Valencia,  vi-lfin'she-4,  or  Tacarigua,t&- 
ki-ree'gwi,  Venezuela,  is  near  the  Caribbean  Sea,  2  miles 
E.  of  Valencia.  Length,  22  miles ;  average  breadth,  6  miles. 
Mean  depth,  from  12  to  15  fathoms.  Shores  desert  on  the 
S.,  but  on  the  N.  well  cultivated.  It  contains  many  island^^ 
and  receives  the  river  Aragua. 

Lake  of  Varese,  vi-ri's4.  Northern  Italy,  in  the  prov 
ince  of  Como,  4  miles  E.  of  Lago  Maggiore,  into  which  it 
pours  its  waters.    Length,  5  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  2  miles. 

Lake  of  Vico,  vee'ko,  a  lake  of  Central  Italy,  8  miles 
S.  of  Viterbo,  is  2^  miles  in  length,  and  discharges  its  sur- 
plus waters  into  the  Tiber.  It  is  surrounded  by  woods,  and 
IS  apparently  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano. 


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LAK 


Lake  of  Zell)  tsdll,  between  the  Swiss  canton  of  Thur- 
gau  and  the  S.  part  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  is  12 
miles  in  length  and  4  miles  in  breadth.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Rhine,  which  enters  it  from  the  Lake  of  Constance,  2 
miles  eastward.     Its  shores  are  undulating  and  fertile. 

Lake  of  Zug,  Switzerland.    See  ZnaBRSEE. 

Lake  of  Zurich,  zu'rik  (Ger.  ZUricher-See,  tsU'riK-^r- 
ei^),  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  celebrated  for  its  picturesque 
beauty,  is  mostly  situated  within  the  canton  of  Zurich,  but 
is  enclosed  at  its  E.  end  by  the  cantons  of  Schwytz  and  St. 
Gall.  Length,  23  miles ;  breadth,  from  i  mile  to  2i  miles ; 
height  of  surface  above  the  sea,  1342  feet.  From  the  S.E.  it 
receives  the  waters  of  Lake  Wallenstadt  through  the  Linth 
Canal.  It  is  divided  into  the  upper  lake,  extending  from 
Schmerikau  to  Rapperschwyl,  and  the  lower  lake,  about  3 
timejS  the  extent  of  the  upper,  from  Rapperschwyl  to  Zurich. 
At  its  narrowest  point  it  is  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge, 
nearly  half  a  mile  long.  The  upper  lake  is  frozen  over 
almost  every  winter,  but  this  is  seldom  the  case  with  the 
lower  lake.  In  summer  its  water  is  sometimes  raised  by 
the  melting  of  the  snow  to  18  feet  above  its  ordinary  level. 
The  lake  is  traversed  by  steamboats. 

Lake  One,  a  station  on  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport  <fc 
Texas  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Delta,  La. 

Lake  One'ga,  a  lake  of  Russia,  the  next  in  size  to  that 
of  Ladoga,  from  which  it  is  distant  85  miles  N.E.,  in  the 
centre  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  mostly  betwewH  lat. 
60°  52'  and  62°  53'  N.  and  Ion.  34°  15'  and  36°  12'  E. 
Length,  140  miles;  breadth,  from  30  to  45  miles.  Area, 
estimated  at  3400  square  miles.  It  is  of  a  very  irregular 
shape,  particularly  towards  the  N.,  where  it  is  much  in- 
dented and  forms  numerous  creeks  and  bays.  Its  shores  are 
generally  rocky,  and  its  waters  beautifully  clear,  and  well 
supplied  with  fish.  Navigation  is  much  impeded  by  shoals 
and  sandbanks.  In  it  are  numerous  islands  near  its  N.  ex- 
tremity. It  receives  10  streams,  the  principal  of  which  are 
the  Migra,  the  Shooya  (Shuia),  the  Vodla,  and  the  Vytegra. 
Its  only  outlet  is  the  Sveer,  by  which  it  discharges  its  waters 
into  Lake  Ladoga ;  but  the  Murinskoi  Canal,  by  connecting 
its  aflSuent  the  Vytegra  with  the  Kayla,  an  affluent  of  Bielo- 
Ozero,  has  brought  it  into  communication  with  the  basin  of 
the  Volga. 

Lake  Onig'amis,  in  Canada,  is  one  of  the  chain  of 
l.ikes  forming  the  head-waters  of  the  river  St.  Maurice. 

Lake  Oscawana,  os-ka-wah'na,  a  summer  resort  of 
Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  from  Garrison's  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Hudson  River.     Here  is  a  lake  2  miles  long. 

Lake  Oskelanaio,  os-ke-l&-ni'o,  a  lake  of  Quebec, 
near  the  head-waters  of  the  river  St.  Maurice.  It  is  27 
miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.E.,  and  4  miles  wide. 

Lake  Panache,  pi-nish',  a  lake  of  very  irregular 
shape  on  the  Whiteflsh  River,  Ontario,  lat.  46°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
81°  20'  W.  It  contains  a  large  number  of  islands.  Length, 
about  18  miles ;  average  breadth,  2  miles. 

Lake  Papineau,  pi-pee-no',  a  large  lake  in  Ottawa 
CO.,  Quebec,  gives  rise  to  the  main  branch  of  the  North  Pe- 
tite Nation  River. 

Lake  Park,  a  small  post-village  of  Becker  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  of  Moorhead. 

Lake  Peipus  or  Peipous,  pi'e-pooce  (Russ.  Tchood- 
tkoe,  chood'sko-4,  or  Tehoudakoe-Ozero,  chood'sko-i-o-zi'- 
ro),  a  large  lake  of  Russia,  between  lat.  57°  52'  and  59°  N. 
and  Ion.  26°  55'  and  27°  55'  E.,  is  surrounded  by  the  gov- 
ernments of  Esthonia,  Livonia,  St.  Petersburg,  and  Pskov. 
Length,  80  miles;  greatest  breadth,  32  miles.  Shores 
marshy,  sandy,  or  covered  with  forests.  It  receives  the 
Embach,  Kosa,  and  other  rivers,  and  on  the  N.  discharges 
its  surplus  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Finland  by  the  Narova. 
It  is  deep,  and  easy  of  navigation.  In  winter  its  fisheries 
supply  the  markets  of  St.  Petersburg.  Its  S.  extremity  is 
termed  the  Lake  of  Pskov,  to  which  city  it  nearly  reaches. 

Lake  Pepin,  pip'in,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  W.  of  Wisconsin.  Length,  nearly  25  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  about  3  miles. 

Lake  Pleasant,  plez'ant,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co., 
N.Y.  Pop.  332.  It  contains  Sageville,  the  county  seat,  and 
is  in  the  Great  Northern  AVilderness.  Here  is  a  fine  lake 
of  the  same  name,  46  miles  N.  of  Gloversville.  Elevation, 
1615  feet;  length,  4  miles.     It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Lake  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Erie.  It  has  3  lumber-mills,  and 
near  it  is  a  small  lake. 

Lake  Point,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  on  Great 
Salt  Lake. 

Lakeport,  lak'port,  a  post-office  of  Chicot  co..  Ark. 

Lakeport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Clear  Lake,  about  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of 


San  Francisco.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  % 
savings-bank,  and  1  other  bank,  and  is  surrounded  by  pio> 
turesque  scenery,  which  attracts  many  tourists.  Pop.  in 
1880,  562;  in  1890,  991. 

Lakeport,  called  also  Old  Lake,  a  station  in  Orleans 
parish.  La.,  on  Lake  Pontchartrain,  is  theN.  terminus  of  the 
Pontohartrain  Railroad,  which  extends  hence  to  New  Orleans. 
This  is  one  of  the  oldest  railroads  in  the  United  States. 

Lakeport,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Burchville  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  12  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture,  wagons,  <fcc.  Whitefish  abound 
here.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lakeport,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Oneida  Lake,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Syracuse.    Pop.  134, 

Lakeport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yankton  oo.,  S.D.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Yankton. 

Lake  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Marion  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Pella,  2673. 

Lake  Prairie,  a  township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  1178. 

Lake  Prov'idence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  East 
Carroll  parish,  La.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  near  a  beautiful  lake  of  its  own  name,  and  about  40 
miles  by  land  N.N.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  320. 

Lake  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Tecumseh.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  a 
broom  and  brush  factory.     Pop.  200. 

Lake  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Cayuga  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  H 
miles  E.  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

Lake  Road,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  nearly 
1  mile  from  Lake  Ontario. 

Lake  Ro'Iand,  a  post-office  and  lake  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  at  Lake  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  This  lake  is  one  of  the  sources 
from  which  Baltimore  derives  a  supply  of  water,  and  is  a 
place  of  summer  resort. 

Lake  Rossignol,  ros^seen^ol',  the  largest  lake  in 
the  province  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Liverpool  River,  18 
miles  from  the  head  of  tide.  Into  it  flow  the  streams  from 
a  number  of  lakes.  The  coast-line  is  irregular,  indented 
with  a  number  of  bays.  The  lake  contains  a  large  number 
of  islands,  and  produces  trout  and  salmon. 

Lake  Run,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa. 

Lake  Safaddu,  Wales.    See  Breckinioc  Mere. 

Lake  Saint  Charles,  a  village  and  settlement  in  Que- 
bec CO.,  Quebec,  10  miles  N.  of  Quebec.  Pop.  500.  There 
is  a  remarkable  echo  at  the  lake,  which  tarries  some  few 
seconds  before  repeating  the  sound  uttered ;  and  this  in  its 
turn  is  re-echoed  from  another  quarter. 

Lake  Saint  Clair,  between  the  province  of  Ontario  and 
the  state  of  Michigan,  is  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  24 
miles  in  its  greatest  breadth,  having  a  mean  breadth  of  about 
12  miles.  Area,  360  square  miles.  Depth,  20  feet.  Height 
above  the  sea,  571  feet,  or  6  feet  higher  than  Lake  Erie. 
It  contains  many  islands,  receives  the  Thames,  Clinton, 
Great  Bear  Creek,  and  other  rivers,  and  communicates  on 
the  S.W.  by  Detroit  River  with  Lake  Erie.  On  the  N.  it 
is  entered  by  St.  Clair  River,  which  brings  to  it  the  surplus 
waters  of  the  great  lakes  Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron. 
The  shoals  or  flats  in  its  N.  part  are  traversed  by  a  deep 
canal  bordered  with  dikes,  an  improvement  constructed  by 
the  United  States  government. 

Lake  Saint  Francis,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Beauoe  co., 
Quebec,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.  Length,  about  14 
miles;  breadth,  1  to  2  miles.  It  is  surrounded  in  evwy 
direction  by  lofty  wood-covered  mountains. 

Lake  Saint  John,  Concordia  parish,  La.,  is  3  miles 
W.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Natchez, 
Miss.     It  is  nearly  14  miles  long,  and  1  mile  wide. 

Lake  Saint  John,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish.  La. 

Lake  Saint  Louis,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  formed  by  the 
expansion  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. Length,  20  miles;  greatest  breadth,  7  miles.  The 
river  Ottawa  enters  it  by  two  channels  on  its  W.  side. 

Lake  Saint  Peter,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  being  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  between  lat.  46°  and  46° 
8'  N.  and  about  Ion.  73°  W.  Length,  35  miles :  greatest 
breadth,  10  miles.  It  receives  many  rivers,  the  largest  of 
which  is  the  St.  Francis,  from  the  S.E.  In  its  S.  part  are 
many  islands.     It  is  navigable  for  ocean  steamers. 

Lake  Sa'rah,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.    P.  110, 

Lake  Shasawataisi,  shi^siVi'ti^see',  a  lake  of  a 
long  and  irregular  shape  in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  collects 
the  waters  of  the  Matawan  and  other  lakes,  and  discbarges 


JDAK 


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LAK 


them  by  a  connecting  stream  into  the  St.  Maurice,  near  the 
mouth  of  Ribbon  River. 

Lake  Sher'brooke,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Lunenburg 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  6  or  7  miles  long  and  1  to  2  miles  wide. 
It  forms  part  of  a  branch  of  the  La  Have  River. 

Lake  Shetek,  she-tek',  a  post-village  of  Lyon  cc, 
Minn.,  in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter 
Railroad,  about  95  miles  W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  warehouses  for  grain,  and  4  stores.  It  is  near  several 
lakes.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Shetek. 

Lake  Shores  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Lake  Shore  Junction,  a  station,  3  miles  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  where  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad 
joins  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  is 
on  the  Milwaukee  River,  opposite  Humboldt. 

Lake  Sib'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  in  Lake 
Sibley  township,  near  the  Republican  River,  about  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Lake  Side^  a  village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
<fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  Lake  Michigan,  18  miles 
N.  of  Chicago. 

Lakeside,  lak'sid,  a  post-office  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa. 

Lake  Side,  a  post- village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
20  miles  W.  of  Niles.    The  station  is  called  Wilkinson. 

Lakeside,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lakes 
Michigan  and  Muskegon.  It  contains  Blufilon  and  Port 
Sherman. 

Lakeside,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
207.  It  contains  37  small  lakes,  and  includes  the  village 
of  Bingham  Lake. 

Lakeside,  a  ppst-office  of  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Lake  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  On- 
tario township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  barrels. 

Lakeside,  a  settlement  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Digby  Neck,  17  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  100. 

Lakeside,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  St.  Marys.     Pop.  100. 

Lakes  of  Killar'ney,  three  connected  lakes  in  the 
S.W.  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  the  lowest  or  southernmost 
of  which  approaches  within  1^  miles  W.  of  Killarney.  It 
is  16i  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  breadth.  On  the  W., 
S.,  and  S.E.  sides  of  these  lakes  rise  the  loftiest  mountains 
(still  haunted  by  red  deer),  the  wildest  ravines,  the  finest 
woods,  and  some  of  the  boldest  cascades  in  Ireland. 

Lake  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo.,  about  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rolla. 

Lake  Squouatouk,  skooVi'took,  or  Squat'teck, 
in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  is  one  of  the  sources  of  the 
river  Tuladi.     It  is  60  miles  in  superficial  extent. 

Lake  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hobart  township,  on  the  Calumet  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Joliet  division,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lake  Station,  Texas.    See  Lake. 

Lake  Station,  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  is  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

Lakesville,  laks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  22  miles  S.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake  Tchad,  Central  Africa.     See  Chad. 

Lake  Thrasymene,  Italy.    See  Lake  of  Perugia. 

Lake  Tok'ua,  a  post-office  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Laketon,  lak'ton,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  33  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Laketon,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     See  Brtdgman. 

Laketon,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  bounded 
W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  S.  by  Lake  Muskegon.  Pop. 
1332.     It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  lumber-business. 

Laketown,  lak'town,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
bounded  W.  by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  689. 

Laketown,  a  post-office  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lake- 
town  township,  near  several  small  lakes,  about  32  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1070. 

Laketown,  a  post-office  of  Rich  co.,  Utah. 

LaketOAvn,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  317. 

Lake  Trav'erse,  near  the  head-waters  of  the  St. 
Maurice,  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  is  about  18  miles  long. 
Its  banks  are  covered  with  spruce,  balsam  fir,  tamarack, 
and  white  birch.  The  St.  Maurice  enters  this  lake  li  mi'es 
below  the  N.E.  end,  196  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Lakevale,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Morristown. 

Lake  Val'Iey,  a  post-office  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Lake  Tahoe.     Pop.  of  Lake  Valley  township,  246. 

Lake  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 


Lake  Van,  v&n  (ano.  Arsia'saf  or  Tho'ni8?),9.  salt 
lake  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  intersected  by  the  parallel  38°  30' 
N.  lat.  and  the  43d  meridian  of  E.  Ion.  Greatest  length, 
nearly  70  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  about  60  miles.  Area, 
about  2000  square  miles.  It  receives  the  waters  of  a  few 
small  streams,  but  has  no  outlet.  The  town  of  Van  is  on 
its  E.  shore. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  of  Covington  oo.,  Ala. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Volusia  CO.,  Fla.,  at  the  S.  end  of  Lake  George,  where  the 
St.  John's  River  enters  that  lake,  130  miles  S.  of  Jackson- 
ville.    Here  is  an  orange-groye.    The  lake  is  18  miles  long. 

Lake  View,  a  post-township  of  Cook  oo.,  111.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  many 
handsome  residences  and  gardens.     Pop.  1841. 

Lake  View,  Illinois.    See  Havelock. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa. 

Lake'view,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lawrence, 
and  on  a  lake. 

Lakeview,  a  post-office  of  MoPherson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Newton. 

Lakeview,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Cato  township,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Howard  City.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  grist-,  planing-, 
and  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  sash-  and  door-factory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  699;  in  1890,  1024. 

Lake  View,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  99. 

Lake  View,  a  station  near  Carson  Lake,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia &  Truckee  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Lake  VicAV,  a  post-office  of  Passaic  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  at  the  crossing  of  the  Newark  i,  Paterson 
Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Paterson. 

Lake  View,  a  station  in  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Chautauqua  Lake,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Jamestown. 

LakevieAV,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  near 
Lake  Erie,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Lakeview,  a  thriving  post-village  of  Oregon,  the  capi- 
tal of  Lake  co.,  is  situated  near  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  state,  at  the  bead  of  Goose  Lake,  460  miles  S.E.  of  Port- 
land, and  275  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Roseburg.  Lakeview  is  the 
centre  of  a  fine  grazing  section. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Tacoma. 

Lake  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Fitch- 
burg  township,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Madison.  It  has 
a  church. 

Lake  View,  Ontario.    See  Johnson's  Mills. 

Lake  Vill'age,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Chicot  co.. 
Ark.,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Pine  Bluff.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is  on  or  near  Old  River 
Lake,  and  is  6  miles  from  the  nearest  steamboat-landing. 

Lake  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  28 
miles  N.  of  Kentland. 

Lake  Village,  a  post-office  of  Natchitoches  parish,  La. 

Lake  Village,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  is 
at  the  outlet  or  S.W.  extremity  of  Winnepesaukee  Lake, 
partly  in  Laconia  and  partly  in  Gilford  township,  and  on 
the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Laconia.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  several  mills  in  which  water-power 
is  employed;  also  a  foundry,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  good 
hotel.  Hosiery,  woollen  goods,  machinery,  and  needles  are 
made  here. 

Lake'ville,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,Cal.,  on  Peta- 
luma  Creek,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  on 
the  San  Francisco  <fc  North  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Donahue. 

Lakeville,a  post- village  in  Salisbury  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  about 
50  miles  (64  by  rail)  W.N.W.  of  Hartford,  and  30  miles 
^.E.  of  Hudson,  N.Y.  It  has  a  select  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  manufactory  of  cutlery,  2  churches,  and  a  school 
for  imbeciles.  Here  is  Lake  Wononscopomuc. 

Lakeville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  South  Bend.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Lakeville,  post-township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.    P.  102. 

Lakeville,  a  plantation  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.     P.  108. 

Lakeville,  a  post-village  in  Lakeville  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  37  miles -S.  by  E. 
of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tacks 
and  box-boards.  Lakeville  Station  is  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  2  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Middleborough.  The  tow». 
ship  contains  several  lakes,  and  a  pop.  of  1061. 


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1599 


LAM 


Lakeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ad- 
dison township,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lakevill  e,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  oo.,  Minn.,  in  Lake- 
ville township,  on  or  near  the  Hastings  <fc  Dakota  Railroad, 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1022. 

Lakeville )  a  post- village  of  Stoddard  oo.,  Mo.,  about 
44  miles  W.  hj  N.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Lakeville^  a  post-village  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Livonia  township,  at  the  N.  end  and  outlet  of  Conesus 
Lake,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-imple- 
ments.    The  lake  is  navigated  by  a  steamboat.     Pop.  130. 

Lakeville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Monroe 
township,  on  the  Sterling  Mountain  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  Grreenwood  Lake.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  blast-furnace,  and  an  iron-mine. 

Lakeville,  a  hamlet  in  Holmes  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Crestline.     Here  is  Plimpton  Post-Office. 

Lakeville,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Union 
&  Titusville  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Union  City,  at  the  out- 
let of  Oil  Creek  Lake,  a  pleasure-resort. 

Lakeville,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis. 

Lakeville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Kentville.     It  contains  a  tannery  and  3  stores. 

Lakeville,  Nova  Scotia.    See  East  Jeddore. 

Lake  Wash'ington,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Lake  Washington,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-land- 
ing in  Washington  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Lake  Washington,  a  lake  in  Kings  co.,  Washington, 
about  2  miles  E.  of  Seattle,  16  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide. 

Lake  Weir,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

Lake'wood,  a  post-humlet  of  Shelby  co.,  111.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches. 

LakevPOod,  a  post-village  and  health  resort  of  Ocean 
CO.,  N.J.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Manchester,  and  7 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Earmingdale.  It  has  5  churches,  a  public 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Lake  Zapatosa  (or  Zapatoza),  z&-p&-to's&  or  s&- 
p8,-to's8,  (Sp.  pron.  thi-pi-to'thS,),  South  America,  republic 
of  Colombia,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Mompox,  is  an  enlargement 
of  the  river  Sesar  before  it  joins  the  Magdalena.  Length, 
about  25  miles;  breadth,  22  miles. 

Lake  Zurich,  zu'rik,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort, 
on  a  fine  lake,  in  Lake  co..  111.,  4  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bar- 
rington  Station,  and  36  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Lakhpat,  a  town  of  India.    See  Luckpdt. 

La'kin,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  &  Minneapolis  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Ames. 

Lakin,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1212. 
It  contains  Ellinwood. 

Lakin,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  315. 

Lakin,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  E6  Railroad,  72  miles  W.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Lakki,  l^k^kee',  or  Lakee,  l&^kee',  a  town  of  the 
Punjab,  on  the  Khuram,  an  affluent  of  the  Indus,  98  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Attock.     Lat.  32°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  10'  E. 

Lak-Nagy,  loK-nod'y§h  or  nodj,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Csanad,  on  the  Maros,  35  miles  N.  of  Temesvar.  It 
has  2  Greek  churches,  numerous  mills,  and  a  trade  in  cattle, 
sheep,  and  swine.     Pop.  9661. 

Lakoo'ra,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Jhal- 
awan,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Kelat. 

Lakor,  li^koR',  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
E.  of  Timor.  Lat.  8°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  10'  E.  It  is  about 
12  miles  long  by  4  miles  broad. 

Lakshmanavati,  the  Sanscrit  name  of  GocB. 

Laksmanavate,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Lucknow. 

Laland,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Laaland. 

Lai  Bagh,  a  city  of  India.     See  Moorshedabad. 

Lalbenque,  l&rbfiNk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  624. 

La  Liendre,  14  le-fin'dri,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  17  miles  from  Las  Vegas. 

La-Lin,  a  town  of  the  Manohoorian  province  of  Kirin, 
120  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Kirin.  Its  walls  enclose  a  large 
space,  but  the  buildings  occupy  less  than  one-half  the  area. 
Pop.  16,000  to  20,000. 

Lalita-Patan,  li'lee'ti-p4-tin',  a  town  of  India,  Ne- 
paul,  2  miles  S.  of  Khatmandoo.  It  was  formerly  the  cap- 
ital of  a  small  independent  state.  It  has  a  neat  appearance, 
and  some  handsome  public  edifices,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  copper,  and  brass. 


Lality,  IShMeet'y^h  (almost  IShMeetch'),  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Bics,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Zombor.     P.  2699. 

Lal4ee',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Chenaub 
and  Jhylum  Rivers,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Lairgunge',  or  LalganJ,  largunj',  a  town  of  India, 
Mozufferpoor  district,  near  the  Gunduck,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Hadjypoor.  It  has  manufactures  of  saltpetre,  indigo,  and 
spirits,  and  a  great  trade  in  oil-seeds,  hides,  saltpetre,  salts, 
and  provisions.     Pop.  12,338. 

La  Loggia,  1&  lod'j&,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  of 
Turin,  2  miles  from  Carignano.     Pop.  1456. 

La  Lomagne,  \k  loVm&n'  (anc.  Leomaniana),  a  small 
district  of  France,  in  the  former  province  of  Gascony,  now 
included  in  the  departments  of  Haute-Garonne  and  Gers. 

La  Londe,  14  loNd,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-In- 
f6rieure,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1781. 

La  Louppe,  Ik  loop,  a  town  of  France,  in  Enre-et- 
Loir,  21  miles  W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1357. 

LaPpoor',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  plain  of  Jelalabad, 
on  the  Cabool  River,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peshawer. 

Lal^soont',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  38  miles 
S.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Lama,  l&'m&,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Moscow, 
joins  the  Volga  25  miles  N.  of  Klin. 

Lama,  Wmk,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  of  Chieti,  20 
miles  S.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  3016. 

Lama,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ascoli. 
Pop.  1690. 

L'Amable,  li-mi'b'l,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co., 
Ontario,  70  miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

La  Machine,  18,  mi^sheen',  atown  of  France,  in  NiSvre, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nevers.     Coal  is  mined  here.     P.  3091. 

La  Maddalena,  \k  mid-dk-Wnk,  an  island  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Sardinia,  10  miles  E.  of  Longo-Sardo.     Pop.  1914. 

La  Madeleine,  France.    See  Madeleine. 

La  Magist^re,  1&  m&^zhis^taiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Moissao.     Pop.  1576. 

Lamaline,  l&^miMeen',  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry 
in  the  district  of  Burin,  Newfoundland,  40  miles  from  Bu- 
rin.    It  has  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  310. 

La  Mancha,  li  min'chi,  an  old  province  of  Spain,  in 
the  S.  part  of  New  Castile,  now  comprised  in  the  province 
of  Ciudad  Real.  It  derives  its  fame  from  the  novel  of  Cer- 
vantes.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Manche'gan  (Sp.  Manchego, 

min-chi'go). 

La  Manche.     See  English  Channel  and  Manche. 

La  Manche,  1&  m&nsh,  a  mining  village  in  the  district 
of  Placentia,  Newfoundland,  on  the  Avalon  Isthmus,  12 
miles  N.  of  Little  Placentia.  A  lead-mine  has  been  worked 
here.     Pop.  328. 

La  Manta,  Ik  mkn'tk,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  S.  of 
Saluzzo.     Pop.  1578. 

La^mar',  formerly  San'ford,  a  northwestern  sounty 
of  Alabama,  bordering  on  Mississippi.  Area,  612  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Buttahatchee  River  and 
Luxapatilla  (or  Loosapatilla)  Creek.  The  surface,  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  A  Dan- 
ville and  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham  Railroads. 
Capital,  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  8893;  in  1880,  12,142;  in 
1890,  14,187. 

Lamar,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Sulphur  Fork 
of  Rod  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
forest  trees  are  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  and  osage- 
orange.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific,  Gulf, 
Colorado  &  Santa  ¥6,  and  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Paris.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,790;  in  1880, 
27,193;  in  1890,  37,302. 

Lamar,  a  post-village  of  Colorado,  the  capital  of  Prow- 
ers CO.,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A,  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  33 
miles  E.  of  Las  Animas. 

Lamar,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  oo..  Miss.,  on  th« 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Lamar,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Barton  co..  Mo.,  near 
the  North  Fork  of  Spring  River,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Carthage.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  an  academy,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  907 ;  in  1890,  2860. 

Lamar,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  about  3  miles 
S.  of  Lock  Haven.  Pop.  1393.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Salona. 


LAM 


1600 


LAM 


Lamar,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  Pa.,  at  a  hamlet 
named  Belle  Spring,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Lamar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aransas  oo.,  Tex.,  on  a  bay 
which  opens  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Corpus  Christi. 

La  Mar,  a  town  of  Bolivia.    See  Cobija. 

Lamarche,  li'maRsh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Vosges,  20  miles  S.  of  Neufchlteau.     Pop.  1719. 

La  Mard,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo..  111.  Pop.  1349. 
It  contains  JefFersonville. 

La  Maremma,  Italy.    See  Maremma. 

Lamar  Mills,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.    See  Hamburg. 

La  Marmora,  li  man'mo-ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  22 
miles  from  Coni.     Pop.  873. 

La  Maronne,  li  mi^ronn',  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Dordogne,  after  a  W.  course  of  about  44  miles. 

L'Amaroux,  li'mi^roo',  a  post-village  in  York  oo., 
Ontario,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Scarborough.     Pop.  250. 

Lamars  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Upson  co.,  Ga. 

Lamar  Station,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Maryville,  and  about  60  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Lamartine,  lam'ar-teen  or  lam-ar-teen',  a  post-village 
of  Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Camden,  and 
near  Magnolia,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Lamartine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Colorado, 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Denver. 

Lamartine,  a  p»st-village  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Lamartine,  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.     See  Saleh. 

Lamartine,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  on  the  border 
of  Lamartine  township,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about  100 ; 
of  the  township,  1513. 

Lamas'co,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Lamasco  Insti- 
tute, and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

La  Mastre,  1&  mist'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ard^che, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Tournon,  on  the  Doux.     Pop.  1911. 

LaaMata,  1&  mi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1195. 

La  Matanza,  li  mi-tin'si,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on 
the  N.  part  of  the  island  of  Teneriffe. 

Lamato,  li-mi'to  (ano.  Lametusf),  a  river  of  Italy,  in 
Calabria,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Santa  Euphemia. 

Lamato,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1306. 

La  Mayenne,  a  river  of  France.    See  Matenne. 

Lamb,  lam,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  on 
the  Staked  Plain.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Lambach,  lim'biK  (L.  Lambacum),  a  town  of  Austria, 
on  the  Traun,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Liniz.  Pop.,  in- 
cluding Ebensee,  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  1699, 
employed  in  salt-works.     It  has  a  Benedictine  abbey. 

Lamballe,  IftM^biU'  (anc.  Ambiliatea  f),  a  town  of 
Prance,  C3tes-du-Nord,  on  the  Gouessan,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Saint-Brieuc.  Pop.  4248.  It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a 
hill,  crowned  by  a  fine  Gothic  church. 

Lambar6,  lim-bi-ri',  a  village  of  Paraguay,  6  miles 
from  Asuncion,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Paraguay. 

Lam 'bay,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Dublin,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Rush. 

Lambayeque,  lim-bi-i'ki,  a  town  of  Pern,  depart- 
ment of  Lambayeque,  and  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same 
name,  6  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  connected  by  railways  with 
Eten,  Ferrinafe,  and  Pimentel,  and  has  a  newspaper,  a  col- 
lege, a  hospital,  a  fine  cathedral,  a  rice-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  soap,  quinine,  Ac.     Pop.  6000. 

Lambayeque,  a  maritime  department  in  the  N.W.  of 
Peru.     Capital,  Chiclayo.     Pop.  85,984. 

Lambermont,  lim'b^r-mftnt'  or  l&M'bSR'm6N»',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  and  16  miles  E.  of  Liege. 
Lam'bert,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn. 
Lam'berta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co,,  Ala.,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Mobile.     It  has  a  church. 

Lam'bert  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Vanceborough.     Pop.  about  100. 

Lam'berton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Redwood  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  43  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  New  Ulm.  Pop.  of  Lamberton  township,  181. 
Lamberton,  a  post-office  of  Racine  co..  Wis. 
Lam'bertville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich., 
in  Bedford  township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Sylvania,  0.  It  has  2 
churches. 


Lambertville,  a  post-town  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad, 
at  the  S.  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad  which  connects  it 
with  Flemington,  16  miles  above  Trenton,  and  12  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Flemington.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  or  2  public  halls,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  paper-mills, 
a  cotton-factory,  several  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  manufac- 
tures of  ropes  and  twine,  and  rubber-works.  A  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  it  with  New  Hope.    P.  (1890)  4142. 

Lambesc,  IfiM^bisk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rhane,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2087. 

Lam'beth,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  com- 
prising the  greater  part  of  the  S.W.  quarter  of  the  metropolis 
S.  of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  Waterloo,  Hungerford, 
Westminster,  and  Vauxhall  bridges,  and  having  E.  the 
borough  of  Southwark.  Pop.  208,342.  Lambeth  Palace, 
beside  the  river,  opposite  the  ferry  to  Westminster,  is  an 
ancient  castellated  structure  of  various  dates,  which  baa 
been  the  residence  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  since 
the  twelfth  century. 

Lam'beth,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  a  hotel  and  4  stores. 
Pop.  250. 

Lambezellec,  lAM'b^h-ziriik',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Finistfire,  3  miles  N.  of  Brest.     Pop.  2243. 

Lambie's  Mills,  Quebec.    See  Kinnbar's  Mills. 

Lam'bourn,  or  Chip'ping  Lam'bourn,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Berks,  6i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hungerford. 
The  town,  old,  but  neat,  has  a  cruciform  church  in  the  early 
English  style,  and  an  antique  pillar  in  the  market-place. 
In  the  vicinity  is  the  celebrated  figure  of  a  white  horse, 
said  to  have  been  cut  in  the  chalk  down  in  memory  of 
Alfred's  great  victory  over  the  Danes  in  871.     Pop.  1180. 

Lambrate,  lim-br&'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  milea 
E.N.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1905. 

Lambro,  l&m'bro  (anc.  Xam'(ru«),  a  river  of  Northern 
Italy,  rises  between  the  two  arms  of  the  Lago  di  Como,  flowi 
S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Po  15  miles  S.  of  Lodi.  Total  oourse, 
about  70  miles. 

Lamb's,  lami,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  oo..  Pa.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Titusville.     Petroleum  is  found  here. 

Lambsburg,  lamz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ya. 

Lamb's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Nanticoke  township,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Bingham- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Lamb's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Tioga  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Blossburg.  It  has  2 
large  steam  saw-mills. 

Lambsheim,  l&mz'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fxankenthal.     Pop.  2145. 

Lambton,  lam'tpn,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering 
upon  the  S.  portion  of  Lake  Huron.  The  St.  Clair  River 
forms  its  western  boundary.  Area,  725  square  miles.  This 
county  contains  petroleum-wells,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Grand  Trunk  and  Great  Western  Railways.  Capital,  Sar- 
nia.     Pop.  31,994. 

Lambton,  or  Fort  Lambton,  a  village  in  Lambton 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  St.  Clair,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Algonac, 
Mich.  It  contains  4  hotels,  5  stores,  and  several  mills  and 
factories.     Pop.  150. 

Lambton,  or  Saint  Vital  de  Lambton,  sks°  vee^- 
til'  d^h  lim't9n,  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  36 
miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Francois  de  la  Beauce.  It  has  3  sai' 
mills,  2  grist-mills,  a  tannery,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  400. 

LamegO,  li-mi'go  (anc.  Lame'ca,  or  La'ma),  a  city  ot 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the  Douro,  46  miles  E.  of  Oporto. 
Pop.  7702.  It  has  many  interesting  Moorish  and  some 
Roman  remains.  Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral,  a  castle, 
hospitals,  a  priests'  seminary,  and  bishop's  palace. 

La  Mesilla,  in  New  Mexico.     See  Mesilla  Vallet. 

Lames'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on  a 
railway,  4  miles  S.  of  Newcastle,  with  coal-mines  and  quarries 
of  grindstones.     Pop.  2495. 

Lametus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lamato. 

Lamghan,  a  district  of  Afghanistan.     See  Luohman. 

Lamia,  li-mee'i,  lately  Zeitoun,  or  Zeitun,  zi'- 
toon'  (Gr.  ZeiTovv),  a  town  of  Greece,  capital  of  Phthiotis 
and  Phocis,  near  the  Turkish  frontier,  and  at  the  head  of 
the  Gulf  of  Volo.  It  has  an  acropolis,  a  citadel,  and  an 
arsenal.     Pop.  4873.     See  Gulp  op  Lamia. 

La  Mine,  a  post-village  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  La 
Mine  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Boonville.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  La  Mine  township,  1088. 

La  Mine  River,  Missouri,  drains  a  large  part  of  Pettis 
CO.,  and  runs  nearly  northward  in  Cooper  co.  After  a  very 
tortuous  course,  it  enters  the  Missouri  River  about  7  mile* 
above  Boonville.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  130  miles. 


LAM 


1601 


LAN 


liam'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Bedminster  township,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  a  church. 

Lamington  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Morris  co., 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Rari- 
tan  on  the  W.  boundary  of  Somerset  co. 

Lamira,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Lewis  Mills. 

Lam'lash,  a  small  village  and  harbor  of  Scotland,  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  Isle  of  Arran,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ayr. 

Lamlum,  or  Lamloora.    See  Lemloom. 

Lammermoor,  Ontario.     See  Nobleton. 

Lam^mermoor'  (or  Iiammermuir)  Hills,  Scot- 
land, a  range  of  mountains  extending  from  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  county  of  Edinburgh,  through  the  counties 
of  Haddington  and  Berwick,  to  the  North  Sea,  in  the 
parish  of  Coldingham.  The  principal  summits  hare  an 
elevation  of  from  1500  to  1600  feet. 

Lammongau,  a  volcano  of  Java.    See  Lemmongan. 

liamo,  a  bay  of  Africa.     See  Lamoo. 

Lamoille,  la-moil',  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Vermont, 
rises  in  Orleans  co.,  and,  after  flowing  southwesterly  into 
Caledonia  co.,  turns  and  flows  in  a  W.N.W.  direction 
through  Lamoille  and  Franklin  cos.,  and  falls  into  Lake 
Champlain  in  Chittenden  co.,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  state. 

Lamoille,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Vermont,  has  an 
area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Lamoille  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Waterbury  River. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  presents  beautiful  scenery. 
In  the  W.  part  of  this  county  stands  Mount  Mansfield  (the 
highest  peak  of  the  Green  Mountains),  which  has  an  alti- 
tude of  4430  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  A  large  por- 
tion of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  and  maple  sugar 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  <t 
Maine,  St.  Johnsburg  &  Lake  Champlain,  and  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroads.  Capital,  Hyde  Park.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,448, 
in  1880,  12,684;  in  1890,  12,831. 

Lamoille,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  in  La- 
moille township,  on  Bureau  Creek,  and  on  the  Mendota  & 
Clinton  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Mendota,  and  93  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  4 
general  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-oflBce. 
Pop.  1890,  616;  of  the  township,  1312. 

Lamoille,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Marshall- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  drug-store. 

Lamoille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  below  mnona.  Here  are  some 
high  bluffs  of  limestone,  and  beautiful  scenery. 

La  Moin,  a  township  of  McDonough  co..  111.  Pop.  1167. 
It  contains  Colmar. 

Lamoine,  la-moin',  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  on  a  bay  or  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.     Pop.  612. 

La  Moin  River,  Illinois,  drains  parts  of  Hancock  and 
McDonough  cos.,  runs  S.E.  through  Schuyler  co.,  and  enters 
the  Illinois  River  about  10  miles  S.  of  Rushville.  It  is  nearly 
100  miles  long.     It  is  sometimes  called  Crooked  Creek. 

Lamo'kin,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
adelphia, Wilmington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Chester  Creek  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Chester, 
and  on  the  Delaware  River.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing 
and  steel-works. 

Lamone,  li-mo'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Tuscany, 
and  enters  the  Adriatic  10  miles  N.  of  Ravenna,  Ufter  a 
N.N.E.  course  of  50  miles. 

La^raong',  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Noblesville. 

La^mont',  a  post-oflSce  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Lamont,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Tall- 
madge  township,  on  Grand  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Coopersville 
Station,  and  about  13  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  leather. 

La  Monte,  la-m5nt',  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Se- 
dalia.     It  has  3  churches. 

La  Mont's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas. 

Lamoo,  l&^moo',  a  seaport  town  of  East  Africa,  on 
Lamoo  Bay  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  near  lat.  2°  14'  S.,  Ion. 
41°  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Lam^orseck',  called  also  Swede  (sweed)  Island, 
Lamotrek,  and  Namourek,  one  of  the  Caroline  Islands, 
about  7°  29'  N.  lat.,  146°  28'  E.  Ion.     Pop.  200. 

La  Mottej  1&  mott',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cdtea-du- 
Nord,  5  miles  N.  of  Loud6ao.     Pop.  273. 


La  Motte,  Lake  Champlain.    See  Isle  la  Motte. 

La  Motte,  1&  mott,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
is  partly  in  Richland  township,  16  miles  S.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  cheese. 

La  Motte,  a  post-township  in  the  W.  part  of  Sanilao 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Saginaw  City.     Pop.  158. 

La  Motte  Place,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  below  Alton,  111. 
It  is  a  shipping-point  for  grain,  cattle,  and  hogs. 

La  Motte  Saint>  Jean,  Ik  mott  8&N>-zh6N<>',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Sadne-et-Loire,  at  the  junction  of  the  Loire  and 
the  Arroux,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charolles.     Pop.  1672. 

Lamoure,  la-moor',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
North  Dakota,  is  intersected  by  the  Dakota  or  James  River. 
Area,  1152  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  20;  in  1890,  3187. 

Lamourie  (l&-moo'ree)  Bridge,  a  post-village  of 
Rapides  parish.  La.,  2  miles  W.  of  Bertrand. 

Lamov,  li-mov',  or  Lomov,  lo-mov',  two  towns  of 
Russia,  in  Penza,  on  the  Lamov  River.  Nizbnee  or  Nijni 
Lamov,  nizh^nee'  l4-mov'  ("New,"  or  Lower),  is  65  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Penza.  Pop.  4526.  Verknee  or  Vbrknii  La- 
mov, vSRk^nee'  li-mov'  ("Old,"  or  Upper),  is  68  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Penza.     Pop.  8414. 

Lampa,  l&m'p3,,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Puno,  on  a  tributary 
of  Lake  Titicaca,  155  miles  S.  of  Cuzco. 

Lampasas,  lam-pah'sas,  a  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Lampasas  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating. It  is  said  to  have  abundance  of  good  timber. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle. 
Capital,  Lampasas,  on  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6  Rail- 
road.    Pop. in  1870,  1344;  in  1880,  5421;  in  1890,  7584. 

Lampasas,  a  posit-village,  capital  of  Lampasas  co., 
Tex.,  about  64  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Austin.  It  has  several 
churches,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  mineral  springs, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  dairy  products,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  653  ;  in  1890,  2408. 

Lampasas  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
runs  southeastward  through  Lampasas  co.  and  eastward 
in  Bell  co.  It  unites  with  the  Leon  River  about  7  miles 
below  Belton,  after  a  course  of  nearly  125  miles. 

Lampedusa,  l&m-p^-doo's&,  Lopedu'sa,  or  Lam- 
padosa,  an  island  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  about 
midway  between  Malta  and  the  Tunis  coast.  It  is  one  of 
the  Isole  Pelagic.     Olrcuit,  13  miles. 

Lampertheim,  l&m'pdRt-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse,  on 
the  Rhine,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  5128. 

Lam'peter,  or  Lampeter-Font-Stephen  (Welsh, 
Llanbedr,  Lan'b5d^§r),  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  and  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cardigan,  on  the  Teify,  and  on  a  railway.  It  is 
the  seat  of  St.  David's  College,  which  has  power  to  confer 
bachelor's  degrees  in  letters  and  divinity.     Pop.  1255. 

Lam'peter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  in 
West  Lampeter  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  sash,  doors,  Ac. 

Lampion,  l&m-pe-6n',  a  small  island  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, one  of  the  Isole  Pelagie,  forming  a  dependency  of 
Sicily,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lampedusa. 

Lampong,  l&m'p&ng\  a  district  and  bay  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Sumatra,  with  a  town  and  Dutch  settlement. 
The  native  race  are  called  Lampongs.  They  have  their 
own  language  and  alphabet.  Exports,  pepper,  rattans,  and 
dammar.     Pop.  of  district,  137,485. 

Lamporecchio,  l&m-po-rdk'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Florence,  8  miles  S.  of  Pistoja.     Pop.  8293. 

Lamprey  (lam'pre)  River,  New  Hampshire,  rises  in 
the  N.  part  of  Rockingham  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through 
the  S.  part  of  Strafi°ord  co.,  and  enters  Grand  Bay  about  8 
miles  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Lamps'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S. 
of  Belmont.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Lamsaki,  l&m's&^kee  (anc.  Lamp'aacwa),  a  village  of 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  Hellespont,  nearly  opposite  Gallipoli, 
and  embosomed  in  gardens. 

Lam'son's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Oswego  &,  Syracuse  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Syra- 
cuse. 

Lamspringe,  l&m'spring^^h,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  14  miles  S.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1608. 

Lana,  li'n&,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle  of  Botzen 
Pop.  2716. 

Lanai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.    See  Ranai. 

Lanaken,  li-n&'k^n,  or  Lanaeken,  li-n&'k^n,  a  viU 
lage  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  on  the  Meuse,  13  milea  B. 
of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2100. 


LAN 


1602 


LAN 


Lan'ark,  Lanarkshire,  lan'§,rk-shir,  or  Clydes'- 
dale*  an  inland  county  of  Scotland,  having  N.  the  cos.  of 
Dumbarton  and  Stirling,  B.  Linlithgow,  Edinburghshire, 
and  Peebles,  S.  Dumfries,  and  W.  Ayr  and  Renfrew.  Area, 
889  square  miles,  more  than  one-third  of  which  is  arable. 
Pop.  1,045,787.  It  consists  of  the  whole  upper  basin  of  the 
Clyde  and  its  affluents,  along  which,  and  in  the  level  or 
N.  parts,  are  some  fine  agricultural  tracts.  The  S.  part  is 
mountainons  and  sterile.  The  chief  crops  are  oats,  barley, 
wheat,  turnips,  and  potatoes.  The  coal-,  iron-,  and  lead- 
mines  of  this  county  have  rendered  it  one  of  the  most 
wealthy  in  Britain.  In  Old  Monkland  especially  there  are 
extensive  iron-works,  and  all  kinds  of  manufactures  are 
carried  on  in  and  around  Glasgow,  besides  which  city  the 
county  comprises  the  towns  of  Lanark,  Hamilton,  Airdrie, 
Kilbride,  Carluke,  Douglas,  and  Biggar.  It  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons,  besides  two  for  Glasgow  and 
one  for  other  boroughs. 

Lanark)  a  borough  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Edinburgh  &  Carlisle  Railway,  and  near  the 
Clyde,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh,  and  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Glasgow.  Chief  buildings,  the  church,  in  a  niche  of  which 
is  a  colossal  statue  of  the  patriot  Wallace,  the  grammar- 
school,  library,  elegant  county  buildings,  jail,  and  a  branch 
bank.  The  borough  unites  with  Falkirk,  Linlithgow,  Air- 
drie, and  Hamilton  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  Near  it  are  the  Falls  of  the  Clyde,  several  Roman 
and  feudal  remains  and  ancient  mansions,  and  at  Benning- 
ton various  relics  of  Wallace.     Pop.  in  1891,  6537. 

Lanark,  Bradley  co..  Ark.    See  Mount  Vernon. 

Lan'ark,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  in  Rock 
Creek  township,  19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Freeport,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  Mount.  Carroll.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  state  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
several  factories,  and  3  grain-elevators.   Pop.  in  1890, 1295. 

Lanark,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  33  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Larned.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

Lanark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  3i  miles  S. 
of  AUentown.  It  is  in  the  beautiful  Saucon  Valley,  which 
has  a  valuable  mine  of  zinc. 

Lanark,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jeflferson. 

Lanark,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  604. 

Lanark,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ontario,  com- 
prising an  area  of  1194  square  miles,  is  drained  by  numer- 
ous small  rivers,  among  which  are  the  Clyde,  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  the  Rideau,  and  traversed  by  the  Brockville  & 
Ottawa  Railway.     Capital,  Perth.     Pop.  32,920. 

Lanark,  a  post-village  in  the  above  county,  on  the 
river  Clyde,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Perth.  It  has  2  hotels,  11 
stores,  several  mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  an  iron-foundry, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  740. 

Lanarkshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Lanark. 

Lanc'aster,  or  Lancashire,  lank'a-shir,  a  county 
palatine  and  duchy  of  England,  having  N.  Cumberland  and 
Westmoreland,  E.  Yorkshire,  S.  Cheshire,  and  W.  the  Irish 
Sea.  Area,  1905  square  miles.  The  surface  is  rugged  and 
mountainous  in  the  N.,  where  Coniston  Fell  rises  to  2577 
feet  above  the  sea,  and  on  the  E.  border,  where  the  long 
ridge  popularly  called  "The  Backbone  of  England"  sepa- 
rates the  county  from  York;  elsewhere  it  is  generally  level. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Duddon,  Lune,  Wyre,  Ribble,  Mersey, 
and  Irwell.  Besides  Coniston  Lake,  Windermere  is  partly 
in  this  county.  Carboniferous  sandstone  and  new  red  sand- 
stone, with  limestone,  form  the  strata  of  the  county.  Soil, 
among  the  hills  moorish  or  peaty,  in  the  lower  districts 
mostly  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Potatoes,  oats,  hay,  garden- 
products,  butter,  Ac,  are  largely  produced.  The  most  im- 
portant mineral  is  coal,  to  the  abundance  of  which  the 
county  mainly  owes  its  manufacturing  eminence.  Copper 
is  also  raised  in  the  N.  of  the  county.  Lancaster  owes  its 
celebrity  and  wealth  to  its  manufactories  and  commerce, 
and  not  to  agriculture.  It  is  the  great  seat  of  the  British 
cotton- manufacture,  which  has  increased  since  1770  with  a 
rapidity  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  mechanical  industry. 
Woollen,  worsted,  linens,  silk,  hats,  paper,  soap,  chemicals, 
Ac.,  are  also  manufactured  on  a  large  scale,  Manchester  is 
the  principal  seat  of  the  cotton-manufacture  in  the  county, 
and  Liverpool  of  the  shipping-trade.  The  former,  however, 
18  earned  on  to  a  great  extent  in  numerous  other  towns  in 
the  county,  including  Preston,  Bolton,  Oldham,  Ashton, 
Blackburn,  Bury,  Chorley,  Wigan,  Ac.  A  complete  net- 
work of  railways  and  several  important  canals  afford  means 
of  rapid  conveyance  between  Lancashire  and  all  parts  of  the 
kingdom.  It  sends  fifty-seven  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons,— twenty-three  for  the  county  and  thirty-four  for 
its  towns.   Pop.  (1891)  3,454,438.  The  duchj,  of  Lancaster  is 


nearly  identical  with  the  county.  Its  government  vests  in 
the  sovereign,  not  as  king,  but  as  Duke  of  Lancaster;  and  it 
has  its  own  chancellor,  a  minister  of  the  British  government. 

Lancaster  (L.  Lancaa'tria),  a  borough  of  England, 
capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Lune,  20  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  Preston.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  an 
eminence  crowned  by  the  church  and  castle.  The  houses 
are  built  of  stone,  and  handsome,  but  many  of  the  streets 
are  narrow.  Chief  structures,  a  bridge  of  five  arches,  and 
a  superb  aqueduct,  carrying  the  Lancaster  Canal  across  the 
river ;  the  castle,  a  noble  pile,  founded  at  the  Conquest,  on 
the  site  of  a  Roman  station,  and  now  embracing  within  its 
vast  area  the  county  court-house,  jail,  and  penitentiary ;  an 
ancient  parish  church,  a  grammar-school,  national  and 
other  schools,  almshouses,  a  lunatic  asylum,  town  hall, 
theatre,  assembly-rooms,  baths,  custom-house,  and  market- 
house.  It  has  also  a  mechanics'  institute,  an  establishment 
for  promoting  the  fine  arts,  and  thriving  manufactures  of 
furniture,  cotton,  silk,  linen,  and  sail-cloth.  The  coasting 
trade  is  important,  but  the  foreign  trade  has  been  transferred 
to  Liverpool.  It  is  a  parliamentary  division  of  North 
Lancashire,  and  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.   Pop.  31,038. Adj.  Lancastrian,  lang-kas'tre-an. 

Liancaster,  lank'as-t^r,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  "of 
Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Saline  or  Salt  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  its 
affluents,  one  of  which  is  called  Middle  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  deep  and 
very  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie,  which  pro- 
duces good  natural  pasture.  Timber  is  very  scarce.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Carboniferous  limestone,  which  is  a  good  building-stone, 
underlies  a  part  of  this  county,  which  also  has  several 
salt  springs  and  strata  of  cretaceous  sandstone.  It  is  in 
tcrsected  oy  the  Burlington  A  Missonri  River,  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific,  Union  Pacific,  Missouri  Pacific,  and 
Fremont,  Elkhorn  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroads,  all  of 
which  connect  with  Lincoln,  the  capital,  which  is  also  the 
capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  7074;  in  1876,  16,407; 
in  1880,  28,090;  in  1890,  76,395. 

Lancaster,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
borders  on  Maryland.  Area,  about  965  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  RiVer,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Conestoga,  Pequea,  and  Octorara  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  and  agreeably  diversified 
with  wide  valleys  and  hills  of  moderate  height.  The  soil  is 
calcareous  and  very  fertile,  and  is  well  cultivated.  Wheat, 
Indian  com,  oats,  tobacco,  butter,  bay,  horses,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
are  iron,  nickel,  slate,  good  Silurian  limestone,  and  Pots- 
dnm  sandstone.  Forests  of  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  ash,  and 
other  trees  cover  a  considerable  part  of  its  area.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Columbia  Branch 
of  the  same,  the  Lancaster,  Oxford  A  Southern  Railroad, 
and  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad.  Capital,  Lan- 
caster. Pop.  in  1870,  121,340;  in  1880,  139,447;  in  1890, 
149,095. 

Lancaster,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  535  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Catawba  River,  which  in  the 
lower  part  of  its  course  is  called  the  Wateree  River,  and  it 
is  partly  drained  by  Lynch's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found  here.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville,  Charleston,  Cin- 
cinnati A  Chicago,  and  Georgia,  Carolina  A  Northern  Rail- 
roads, the  first  two  of  which  pass  through  Lancaster  Conrt- 
House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,087;  in  1880,  16,903; 
in  1890,  20,761. 

Lancaster,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  borders 
on  Chesapeake  Bay.  Area,  about  160  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  which 
enters  the  Chesapeake  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  county. 
About  half  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  sandy,  and  produces  a  little  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  oats. 
Capital,  Lancaster  Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870,  5355;  in 
1880,  6160;  in  1890,  7191. 

Lancaster,  a  post- village  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Ca!.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  75  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles. 
It  has  general  stores  and  business  houses.    Pop.  about  100. 

Lancaster,  a  station  in  Lake  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co..  111.,  about 
11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mt.  Carmel,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  wagon-works,  a  blacksmith-shop,  and 
general  stores.    Pop.  about  200. 


LAN 


1603 


LAN 


Lancaster,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  111.  Pop.  956. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Mier  (which  see). 

Lancaster,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1492.     It  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mt.  Etna. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Lancaster  township,  on  or  near  the  W.  bank  of  Graham 
Greek,  3  miles  from  Dupont  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  blacksmith's-shop,  a  flour-mill, 
and  general  stores.  Pop.  about  125,  The  township  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, and  has  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1272. 

Lancaster,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4^  miles  E.  of 
Orleans.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  150. 
Here  is  Leipsic  Post-Ofiice.    See  also  Salamonia. 

Lancaster,  a  village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Spencer.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  mines  of  coal. 
Pop.  about  350.     Here  is  Patricksburg  Post-OflSce. 

Lancaster,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1381. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lancaster  township,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottumwa, 
and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Sigourney.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
135.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  South 
Skunk  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1454. 

Lancaster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Lancaster  township,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Atchison.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  958. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  113  miles  S.E.  of  Louis- 
ville, and  about  33  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 3  churches,  the  Franklin  Institute,  a  male  academy, 
a  female  institute,  and  a  national  bank. 

Lancaster,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  is  finely  situated  in  Lancaster  township, 
on  the  Niishua  River,  near  the  junction  of  its  branches, 
and  on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Worcester,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Clinton.  It  contains  a 
national  bank,  2  churches,  an  industrial  school  for  girls, 
founded  by  the  state,  a  public  library  of  6600  volumes, 
a  large  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  sheeting,  <fec.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1957. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schuyler  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad,  21  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Memphis,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Macon 
City.  It  has  a  national  bank,  1 4  stores,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  2  churches,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Coal  abounds 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  811. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  summer  resort,  and  capital 
of  Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  in  Lancaster  township,  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  at  the  mouth  of  Israel  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  <fc  Montreal  Railroad,  136  miles  N.  of  Concord. 
It  contains  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  court-house,  an 
academy,  10  hotels,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly 
newspapers,  a  paper-mill,  3  starch-mills,  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3373. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lan- 
caster township,  on  Cayuga  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  and  Erie  Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
oontains  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  manu- 
factory of  glass,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills.  Pop.  1697 ; 
of  the  township,  4227. 

Lancaster,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  is 
situated  on  the  Hocking  River  and  the  Hocking  Canal,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  116  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  is  on  the  Columbus 
&  Hocking  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati 
Sc  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad.  It  is  situated  in  a  beauti- 
ful and  fertile  valley,  and  has  wide  streets,  some  of  which 
are  lined  with  elegant  buildings.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Eagle  Machine  Company  and  some  shops  of 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad.    Pop.  7555. 

Lancaster,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1053. 
It  contains  Middle  Lancaster. 

Lancaster,  a  c'ty,  the  capital  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  is 
situated  near  the  W.  bank  of  Conestoga  Creek,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  69  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  36  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Harrisbu>-g,  and  42  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  is 
oonneoted  with  Reading  by  a  branch  of  the  Reading  &  Colum- 
bia Railroad,  and  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  connects  it  with 
Quarryville.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick,  and  the 
■treets  are  generally  straight,  and  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles.  Two  main  streets,  named  King  and  Queen,  intersect 
each  other  in  the  central  part  of  the  city.  This  city  is  lighted 
with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with  water  conveyed  from  Cones- 


toga  Creek.  It  is  the  seat  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege (German  Reformed),  which  was  organized  in  1853  and 
has  a  library  of  13,000  volumes.  The  other  most  remark- 
able building?  are  the  court-house,  in  the  Grecian  style,  th« 
county  prison,  Fulton  Hall,  in  which  public  assemblies  are 
held,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  (Catholic),  and  the  high  schooL 
Lancaster  contains  26  churches  (viz.,  1  Baptist,  3  Catholic, 

2  Episcopal,  3  German  Reformed,  5  Lutneran,  4  Meth- 
odist, 1  Mennonite,  1  Moravian,  1  Jewish,  and  1  Presby- 
terian), several  public  libraries,  3  national  banks,  4  other 
banking-houses,  a  theological  seminary  of  the  German 
Reformed  church,  2  Catholic  academies,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers,  also 

3  monthly  papers  devoted  to  religion,  agriculture,  <fco.  The 
city  has  6  large  cotton-mills,  several  tanneries,  breweries, 
and  potteries,  a  rolling-mill,  a  stereotype-foundry,  and  man- 
ufactures of  carriages,  farming-implements,  iron  castings, 
copper  kettles,  engines  and  boilers,  furniture,  cabinet  or- 
gans, combs,  leather,  hats,  watches,  paper,  edge-tools,  files, 
bricks,  rifles,  soap,  screws,  chains,  locks,  ^c.  Lancaster  is 
surrounded  by  a  rich  and  beautiful  country  which  surpasses 
all  other  parts  of  the  state  in  the  production  of  wheat.  It 
has  a  large  trade  in  tobacco,  for  the  accommodation  of  which 
extensive  warehouses  have  been  recently  erected.  This 
place  was  first  settled  in  1728  or  1730,  and  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1818.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  state  from  1799 
to  1812.  Pop.  in  1840,  8417;  in  1860,  17,603;  in  1870, 
20,233;  in  1880,  25,769;  in  1890,  32,011. 

Lancaster,  a  post-bamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Caney  Fork  River,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a 
church. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Hutchins  Station,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic  institute,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  741. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  oo..  Wis., 
in  Lancaster  township,  about  82  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madison, 
and  25  miles  N.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  a  court-house, 
7  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  3 
carriage-shops,  an  excelsior-factory,  and  4  hotels.  Lead- 
mines  have  been  opened  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1543 ;  of  the  township,  3289. 

Lancaster,  lank'a-st^r,  or  South  Bay,  a  village  in 
St.  John  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  European  <fc  North 
American  Railway,  6  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  200. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  16  miles  E.  of  Cornwall,  and 
1  mile  from  its  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  54 
miles  W.  of  Montreal.  Attached  to  it  is  another  village, 
called  RiviSre  Raisin  or  New  Lancaster.  Lancaster  is  a 
landing-place  of  the  Cornwall  and  Montreal  steamers,  and 
contains  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Lancaster  Bay,  England.    See  Morecahbe  Bat. 

Lancaster  Court>House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Lancaster  co.,  S.C,  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbia, 
and  45  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Charlotte,  N.C.  It  has  a  court- 
house, an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1094. 

Lancaster  Court-House,  a  small  post- village,  cap- 
ital of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  about  50  miles  in  a  direct  line 
E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Lancaster  Junction,  Pennsylvania.    See  Junctiok. 

Lancaster  Sound,  a  portion  of  water  which  connects 
Barrow  Strait  with  the  N.W.  part  of  Baffin's  Bay,  about  lat. 
74°  N.  It  extends  from  Ion.  79°  to  87°  W.,  and  is  nearly 
65  miles  wide. 

Lancaster  Switch,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Shamokin,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  railroad  leading  to  coal-mines. 

Lancastria,  the  Latin  name  of  Lancaster. 

Lancava,  l&n-k&'v&,  or  Langkavi,  l&ng-k&'vee,  an 
island  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  6" 
15'  N.;  Ion.  99°  60'  E. 

L'Ance,  Michigan.    See  L'Ansb. 

Lance -au-Lonp,I&Nss-o-loo',  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Lab- 
rador, in  Loup  Bay,  on  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 

Lancerota,  Canary  Islands.     See  Lanzarotr. 

Lanchang,  Lantshang,  or  Lantchavg,  lin'- 
chd,ng',  called  also  Hanniah,  h&n-nee'&,  a  town  of  the 
Laos  country,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Asia,  on  the  Me-Kong 
River.     Lat.  15°  40'  N.;  Ion.  104°  30'  E. 

Lancha  Plana,  l&n'ch&  pl&'n&,  a  post-village  of 
Amador  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Mokelumne  River,  32  miles  N.B. 
of  Stockton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery.  Brandy  and 
wine  are  made  here.  Coal  and  copper  are  to  be  found  noar 
this  plaoe. 


LAN 


1604 


LAN 


Lan-Choo,  lin'-choo',  or  Lan-Tcheou-Foo,  lin^- 
8liS-oo*-foo',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Kan-Soo,  and  of  a  department  of  its  own  name,  on  the 
Hoang-Ho  or  Yellow  River.   Lat.  36°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  40'  E. 

Lanciano,  lin-che-i'no  or  lin-ch4'no  (anc.  Anxa- 
num),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  6  miles  from 
the  Adriatic,  and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.  It  stands  on  three 
hills,  and  has  a  very  fine  and  unique  cathedral,  an  arch- 
bishop's palace,  several  diocesan  and  other  schools,  and  man- 
ufactures of  woollens,  silks,  chemicals,  <fcc.     Pop.  17,340. 

Lancia  Oppidana,  the  ancient  name  of  Guarda. 

liancium,  the  Latin  name  of  Lanzo. 

Lancsak,  lin'chik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Ba- 
ranya,  4  miles  W.  of  Mohacs.     Pop.  1893. 

Lancut,  lint'soot,  or  Laudshut,  lints'hoot,  a  town 
of  Austrian  Galicia,  12  miles  E.  of  Rzeszow.  It  has  a 
handsome  palace.     Pop.  2693,  employed  in  linen-bleaching. 

Landaff,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Llandaff. 

Lan'daff)  a  post-village  and  township  of  Grafton  co., 
N.H.,  85  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Lis- 
bon. It  lies  among  the  Western  Franconia  Mountains,  and 
produces  much  maple  sugar,  lumber,  and  starch.    Pop.  882. 

Landak,  linMik',  a  town  and  district  of  Borneo,  near 
Us  W.  coast,  N.E.  of  Pontianak.  Lat.  20°  N. ;  Ion.  109°  53' 
E.  In  its  district  gold,  diamonds,  and  iron  are  obtained. 
It  is  called  a  kingdom,  but  is  under  Dutch  control. 

Landas,  l6N»^dis',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  1519. 

LandaU)  lin'ddw,  written  also  Landaw^  a  strongly 
fortified  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Queich,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  7679, 
amoHg  whom  are  many  Jews.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  tobacco,  wine,  <fco. 

LandaU)  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the 
Iser,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Ratisbon. 
Pop.  2893. 

Laudau,  a  fortified  town  of  Germany,  principality  of 
Waldeck,  near  the  Wetter,  19  miles  W.  of  Cassel.     P.  989. 

Landman,  16n»MA-6n<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Foug5res.     Pop.  1451. 

Landeck,  lin'ddk,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  govern- 
ment of  Breslau,  on  the  Biala.     Pop.  2494. 

Lan'deck)  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Toledo 
k  Delphos  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Delphos. 

Landegem,  l&n'd^h-Hdm^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  6  miles  W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1940. 

Landeleau,  l&No^^h-lo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tSre,  17  miles  E.  of  Cha,teaulin.     Pop.  1227. 

LandelleS)  l6N<>^ddl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Calvados, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Vire.     Pop.  1536. 

Landen,  lin'd^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  19  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Huy,  on  the  railway  from  Mechlin  to  Liege.    Pop.  1300. 

Lan'deuburg,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in 
New  Garden  township,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Western  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 
It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  worsted  goods,  &o.  It 
was  formerly  called  Chandlerville. 

Lan'der,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nevada.  It  is  in- 
tersected 6y  Humboldt  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Owy- 
hee and  Reese  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous. 
A  range  called  the  Quartz  Mountains  traverses  the  middle  of 
the  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Barley,  cattle, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Silver  is  found  here  in 
connection  with  quartz  rock,  and  is  the  chief  article  of  ex- 
port. This  county  has  an  area  of  5296  square  miles,  and 
18  intersected  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Austin.     Pop.  in  1870,  2815 ;  in  1880,  3624 ;  in  1890,  2266. 

Lander,  a  post-oflice  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Lander,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  Farming- 
ton  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Jamestown,  N.Y.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  steam-mill. 

Lander,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fremont  co.,  Wyo.,  on 
the  Big  Popoagie  River,  130  miles  N.  of  Green  River  City. 

Landerneau,  15M»'d5R-n5',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
in  Finist^re,  on  the  Landerneau,  at  a  railway  junction,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Brest.  Pop.  6965.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  a  port  with  good  quays,  a  town  hall,  a  hospital  and 
marine  asylum,  manufactures  of  white  and  printed  linens, 
and  bleach-grounds. 

Landerneau  (or  Elorn,  i^lonn'),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  the  mountains  of  Arrec,  near  the  centre  of  Finis- 
tSre,  and  falls  into  Brest  harbor.     Length,  40  miles. 

Landeron,  lAwMeh-rdN"',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Neufohitel,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Thiele  into  Lake  Bienne.   Pop.  1239. 

f 'an'dersdale,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 


Lan'dersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  . 

Landes,  l&Nd,  a  department  in  the  S.W.  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Gaacony,  bounded  N. 
by  Gironde,  E.  by  Garonne  and  Gers,  S.  by  Basses-Pyr6- 
n6es,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  Area,  3490  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  297,842.  The  surface  in  the  S.  part  is  covered 
by  ofisets  of  the  Pyrenees ;  N.  of  the  Adour  it  is  occupied 
by  heaths  (landea),  whence  its  name ;  but  these  landea  are 
partly  in  other  departments.  On  the  coast  are  numerous 
lagoons,  communicating  with  the  sea,  and  between  these 
are  extensive  downs,  the  sands  of  which  are  partially  fixed 
by  plantations  of  pines.  Chief  rivers,  the  Leyre,  Adour,  and 
Gave  de  Pau.  Soil  fertile  in  the  S.  and  on  the  river-banks. 
Chief  riches,  mines  of  iron,  coal,  and  bitumen,  timber,  and 
mineral  waters.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of 
Dax,  Mont-de-Marsan  (the  capital),  and  Saint-Sever. 

Landesbergen,  l&n'dds-biit-Gh^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  bailiwick  of  Stolzenau.     Pop.  1434. 

Landete,  l&n-d^'t^,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
about  28  miles  from  Cuenca.     Pop.  1075. 

Landevant,  l&N<>^d^h-v&N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  11  miles  E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  1617. 

Land'grove,  a  post-township  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
about  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland.     Pop.  302. 

Land'ingville,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  Canal  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Pottsville.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  316. 

Landiras,  ]6N»^deeV&',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Gironde,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1942. 

Lan'dis,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  in 
1880  (exclusive  of  Vineland),  3486;  in  1890,  3855. 

Lan'disburg,  a  post-borough  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on 
Sherman's  Creek,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  haa 
an  academy,  several  churches,  and  2  tanneries.     Pop.  369. 

Landis'  (lan'dis-iz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.. 
Pa.,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading. 

Landis  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
4i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church. 

Lan'disville,  a  small  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  or  Vineland  Railroad,  6  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Vineland.     It  has  a  church. 

Landisviiie,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Hempfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches,  and  zinc-works. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Landivisiau,  l&N<>MeeVee^ze-5',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Finistere,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  2116. 

Laudivy,  16N»*deeVee',  a  town  of  France,  department 
and  22  miles  N.W.  of  Mayenne.      Pop.  of  commune,  2087. 

Landl,  l&nd'l,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  circle  of 
Bruck.     Pop.  1286. 

Land  oi  Dates,  Africa.    See  Beled-gl-Jereed. 

Land  of  Promise,  post-office.  Princess  Anne  co.,  Va. 

Land'port,  a  large  suburb  of  Portsmouth,  England, 
CO.  of  Hants,  comprising  all  the  buildings  beyond  the  for- 
tifications of  Portsea  town  and  between  the  suburbs  of 
Southsea  and  Mile-end  Newtown.  At  its  S.  extremity  is 
the  terminus  of  the  London  <fe  Southern  Railway. 

Landquart,  16N>»^kaR',  a  river  of  Switzerland,  rising 
in  the  Silvrettaberg,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  canton  of 
Grisons,  joins  the  Rhine  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Laudre,  15Nd'r,  a  lagoon  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rh6ne,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Aries,  is  about  9  miles  long. 

Landrecies,  or  Landrecy,  l5N°^dr9h-see'  (anc.  Lan- 
deriacutn  f),  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  a  rail- 
way, 11  miles  W.  of  Avesnes,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  3693. 

Landriano,  l&n-dre-&'no,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  2350. 

Lan'drum,  a  post-office  of  Falls  co.,  Tex. 

Landsberg,  l&nts'bdRO,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech, 
22  miles  S.  of  Augsburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  paper,  linens,  carpets,  <fcc.     Pop.  4956. 

Landsberg,  lints'bSRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  Warta,  40  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  Pop.  21,379.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  with 
suburbs.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  house  of  correction,  8 
hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  beer, 
spirits,  castings,  chemicals,  woollens,  leather,  and  paper. 

Landsberg,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  28  miles  S.  of 
Konigsberg.     Pop.  2746. 

Landsberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  gov- 
ernment of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2241. 


LAN 


1605 


LAN 


Landsberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  9  miles  N.E. 
•f  Halle.     Pop.  1406. 

Landsburg,  I&nts'bddno,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Polish  frontier.     Pop.  1133. 

Laiidsdale,  Pa.    See  Lansdale. 

Iiands'down,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Ijand's  End  (ano.  Bole'rium  Promonto'rium),  a  head- 
land forming  the  westernmost  land  of  England,  projects 
into  the  Atlantic  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  county  of 
Cornwall.  It  is  formed  of  granite  cliffs  about  60  feet  in 
height.  About  1  mile  W.  are  the  dangerous  rooks  called 
the  Longships,  with  a  light-house  and  fixed  lights.  Lat. 
50°  4'  4"  N.;  Ion.  5°  44'  44"  W. 

Lands'ford,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Catawba  or  Wateree  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Colum- 
bia.    Pop,  2400. 

Landshut,  linds'hoot  (Ger.  pron.  lints'hoot),  a  town 
of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser,  39  miles  N.E.  of  Munich. 
Pop,  14,780.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  is  enclosed  by  old 
fortifications,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  with 
a  suburb  on  an  island  in  the  Iser.  Principal  edifices,  an 
old  castle,  a  celebrated  church,  the  steeple  of  which  is  462 
feet  in  height,  several  other  fine  churches,  a  Cistercian 
abbey,  royal  palace,  old  town  hall,  several  hospitals,  some 
convents,  a  lyceum,  a  gymnasium,  and  other  schools.  Prin- 
cipal manufactures,  woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  tobacco,  paper, 
mathematical  and  surgical  instruments,  and  leather.  It  has 
numerous  distilleries  and  breweries,  and  a  trade  in  corn, 
cattle,  and  wool. 

Landshut,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  29  miles 
S,S,W,  of  Liegnitz,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Bober,  Pop, 
6817,  chiefly  employed  in  woollen-  and  linen-weaving  and 
bleaching, 

Landshut,  a  market-town  of  Moravia,  37  miles  S,S.E. 
of  Briinn,  near  the  March,     Pop,  1970. 

liandshut,  a  town  of  Galicia.     See  Lancut. 

Landskron,  I4nds'kr6n,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
circle  of  Wadowice,  18  miles  S.W,  of  Cracow,     Pop,  1450. 

Landskron,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Chrudim,  on  the  Sazawa,  and  on  a  railway.  Pop.  5016, 
chiefly  employed  in  extensive  woollen-cloth-,  linen-,  cot- 
ton-, and  needle-factories,  and  in  large  bleaching-estab- 
lishments. 

Landskrona,  linds'kroo^ni,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  South  Sweden,  Isen  of  Malmo,  on  the  Sound,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Copenhagen.  Pop.  9218.  It  has  a  citadel,  a  good 
harbor,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  tobacco.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  two  railways. 

Landsort,  lS,nd'soRt,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic, 
off  the  S.  coast,  laen  of  Stockholm,  lat.  58°  44'  N.,  Ion.  17° 
52'  E.,  with  a  revolving  light  145  feet  high. 

Landstuhl,  lint'stool,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
district  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Deux-Ponts.  In  early  times 
the  Counts  of  Sickingen,  whose  castle  in  ruins  still  over- 
hangs the  town,  resided  here.     Pop.  3448. 

Landanum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Laox. 

Landvanzierikzee,  Netherlands.     See  Schoowen. 

Landwilrden,  or  Landwuhrden,  l3,nt'^uRMfn,  a 
village  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Weser,  S.  of  Bremerhaven.    Pop.  1492. 

Lane,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  two  rail- 
roads.   Capital,  Dighton.    Pop.  in  1880,  601  ;  in  1890,  2060. 

Lane,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Oregon,  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  about  3840  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Willamette  River  and  its  branches,  which 
rise  in  the  E.  part  of  the  county.  These  branches  are  called 
the  Middle  Fork  and  Mackenzie's  Fork.  The  Siuslaw  River 
forms  part  of  the  southern  boundary.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  mountains,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  lumber,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Volcanic  rooks  occur  in  the  eastern  part.  Cap- 
ital, Eugene.  Pop.  in  1870,  6426;  in  1880,  9411 ;  in  1890, 
15,198. 

Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co,,  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  E,S,E, 
of  Clinton. 

Lane,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  870. 

Lane,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Paola,  and  about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Topeka.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Lane,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  667. 
Post-offices,  Lena  Valley,  Shell  Rock,  Kenton,  and  Virgil. 

Lane*  a  post-office  of  Ascension  parish.  La. 


Lane  End,  a  town  of  England,  now  a  part  of  Longtov. 

Lane's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Attle- 
borough  Branch  of  the  New  Bedford  Railroad,  3  miles  E. 
of  Attleborough. 

Lane's,  a  post-office  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Kingstree.  Another 
railroad,  14  miles  long,  extends  hence  to  Foreston. 

Lanesborough,  lanz'bilr-rQh,  a  post- village  and  town- 
ship of  Berkshire  co,,  Mass,,  6  miles  N,  of  Pittsfield,  and 
nearly  2  miles  W,  of  the  Pittsfield  &  North  Adams  Railroad. 
It  has  4  churches.  Marble  is  found  in  this  township,  which 
has  also  manufactures  of  iron,  glass,  Ac.     Pop.  1357. 

Lanesborough,  a  post- village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
in  Carrollton  township,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and 
about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Lanesborough,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Lanesborough  township,  near  Lanesborough  Station  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E,  of  Charlotte.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1293. 

Lanesborongh,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
at  a  junction  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Binghamton,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Great  Bend.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  a  church,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  in  1890,  876. 

Lane's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lanesburg,  lanz'burg,  a  township  of  Le  Sueur  co,, 
Minn,     Pop,  1340, 

Lane's  (lanz)  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Union 
CO.,  runs  in  a  N,N,E.  direction,  and  enters  Rocky  River  in 
Anson  co. 

Lane's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Union  co,,  N,C,, 
about  42  miles  S,S,E,  of  Charlotte,     Pop,  1575. 

Lane's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111.,  7i  miles 
from  Blue  Island. 

Lane's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Lane's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Maries  oo., 
Mo.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Rolla. 

LanesviHe,  lanz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co , 
Conn.,  in  New  Milford  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River, 
and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.  of  Danbury. 

LanesviHe,  a  station  in  Sangamon  oo,.  111,,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  near  Wheatfleld,  and  17  miles  E,  of 
Springfield. 

LanesviHe,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  oo,,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  W.S,W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
barrel-factory.     Pop.  157. 

Lanesville,  a  post- village  of  Essex  co,,  Mass.,  in  Glou- 
cester township,  on  a  harbor  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  called 
Lane's  Cove,  about  34  miles  N.E,  of  Boston,  It  has  ? 
churches. 

LanesviHe,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co,,  N.Y. 

LanesviHe,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  William  co.,  Va  ,  3 
miles  from  Lester  Manor  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Laney,  law'ne,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis., 
about  18  miles  N.W,  of  Green  Bay, 

Lanfains,  l6N<»*fiN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cdtes-du- 
Nord,  12  miles  S,S.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  2287. 

Lang,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Lang,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co..  Me.     Pop.  36. 

Lang,  Ontario.    See  Allandale  Mills, 

Langaza,  l&n-g&'z&,  or  Lengaza  (called  also  Yen- 
idje,  or  lenidje,  y5n'ee-ji'),  a  lake  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Roumelia,  12  miles  W.  of  Salonica,     Length,  9  miles, 

Langaza,  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  situated  on  an 
alluvial  plain,  3  miles  N,  of  the  above  lake, 

Lang'don,  a  post-office  in  Peoria  co,.  111,,  on  the  Gales- 
burg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  18  miles  by  rail  N,W.  of  Peoria. 

Langdon,  a  post-township  of  Reno  CO.,  Kansas.    P.  333, 

Langdon,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Cottage  Grove  township,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  steam  grist-mill, 
a  grain-elevator,  and  a  cheese- factory. 

Langdon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  In 
Langdon  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Bellows  Falls,  and 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Claremont.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  411. 

Langdon,  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa.    See  McIntyre. 

Langdon's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Sandy  Hill.     It  has  a  church. 

Langdon's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Jefferson,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad. 


LAN 


1606 


LAN 


Langeac,  16N°'zhik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire, 
on  the  Allier,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brioude.  Pop.  3530.  It 
has  manufactories  of  lace  and  nurseries  of  silk-worms. 

LangeaiS)   liN»*zhi'    (anc.   Alingaviaf),   a  town   of 
France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tours,  on  i 
the  right  bank  of  the  Loire.     Pop.  1621. 

Langeland,  ling'^-lind*  (i.e.,  "long  land"),  an  island 
of  Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt,  between  Funen  and  Laa- 
land.  It  is,  as  its  name  implies,  long,  extending  33  miles 
from  N.  to  S.,  by  about  3  miles  in  average  breadth.  Area, 
106  square  miles.  Pop.  19,631.  Surface  level,  but  slightly 
more  elevated  than  the  neighboring  islands.  Corn,  apples, 
flax,  timber,  and  cattle  are  produced  for  exportation,  and 
the  fishery  is  important.     Principal  town,  Rudkiobing. 

Lang'ell's  Valley,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Langelsheim,  I8,ng'§ls-hime\  a  town  of  Germany, 
Brunswick,  in  the  Harz,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Goslar.  Pop. 
2016,  chiefly  engaged  in  silver-  and  lead-mines. 

Langemarch,  lin'Ha-maRK\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  6000. 

Tiangenf  ling'^n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Stark- 
enburg,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  4005. 

Langenargen,  ling'§n-aR^g§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  17  miles  E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1233. 

Langenan,  l&ng'Qn-5w\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2200. 

liangenau,  ling'§n-6w\  a  town  of  Germany,  WUrtem- 
berg,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  3785. 

Langenbach,  ling'^n-bisS  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Reuss-Greiz,  near  Gera.     Pop.  1578. 

Langenberg,  ling'^n-beRG^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
«ia,  6  miles  N.  of  Elberfeld.  Pop.  4607.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  woollen  cloth,  silk  stuff's,  paper,  <fcc. 

Langenbielau,  Prussia.     See  Biblac. 

Langenbriick,  ling'^n-brilk^  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
S  miles  from  Liebenau.     Pop.  1380. 

Langenbruck,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia, 
government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Neustadt.     Pop.  2046. 

Langenbriicken,  ling'^n-briik^k^n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Baden,  on  the  railway  between  Carlsruhe  and 
Heidelberg,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Bruchsal.     Pop.  1442. 

Langenburg,  ling'§n-bS5K6\  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1441. 

Langendenzlingen,  Baden.    See  Denzlinoen. 

Laugendiebach,  ling^^n-dee'biK,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau.     Pop.  1540. 

Langendorf,  ling'§n-doRr,  or  Wiewalitz,  ♦e-i- 
♦8,'lits,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia,  govern- 
ment of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Tost.     Pop.  2020. 

Langendorf, — O'ber  and  Unter  (65n't§r)  Langen- 
dorf (i.e.,  "Upper  and  Lower  Langendorf"), — two  nearly 
contiguous  villages  of  Austria,  Moravia,  16  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2200. 

Langendreer,  14ng'§n-drir,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  B.  of  Bochum. 
Pop.,  with  commune,  6804. 

Langenes,  llng'^n-fis^  an  island  of  Sleswiok,.  off  its 
W.  coast,  2  miles  S.  of  Fohr.     Length,  6  miles. 

L^ngenfeld,  or  Lengenfeld,  iSng'en-fSltS  a  town 
of  Lower  Austria,  6  miles  N.  of  Krems.     Pop.  1448. 

Langenhessen,  ling'§n-hSs^s§n,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
circle  of  Zwickau,  bailiwick  of  Werdau.     Pop.  1279. 

Langenhorn,  ling'^n-hoRn',  a  village  of  Prussia,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  2400. 

Langen-Kandel,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Kandel. 

Langenleuba,  Ung'en-loi^bl,  a  village  of  Saxe-Alten- 
burg,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Altenburg.     Pop.  1590. 

Langenleuba  Oberhain,  ling'^n-loi^bi  o'b^r-hlne', 
a  village  of  Saxony,  20  miles  S.  of  Leipsio.     Pop.  1395. 

Langenlois,  ling'§n-lois\  a  town  of  Austria,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Krems.     Pop.  3524. 

Langenols,  ling'§n-ols\  two  contiguous  villages  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2644. 

Langensalza,  ling'en-silts^si,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Salza.  Pop. 
9855.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of 
woven  fabrics,  paper,  saltpetre,  and  machinery. 

LangenschAvalbach,  ling'^n-shwarblK,  a  town  of 
Nassau,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop.  2731.  It  is 
frequented  as  a  watering-place. 

Langenselbold,  ling'^n-sSrbolt,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hanau.     Pop.  3060. 

Langen-Steinbach,  lang'^n-stine'biK,  a  village  of 
Baden,  on  the  Bocksbach,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Carlsruhe,  with 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  1254. 

Langenthal,  ling'^n-tll,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
«uiton  and  24  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3353. 


Langenweddingen,  l&ng'^n-^dt'ding-^n,  a  villag* 
of  Prussia,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2797. 

Langenweltzendorf,  ling'^n-^Slts'^n-donr,  a  vil- 
lage of  Germany,  in  Reuss-Schleitz,  on  the  Leube,  5  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Greitz.     Pop.  2160. 

Langenzenn,  ling'^n-tsSnn^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Zenn,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Anspaoh. 
Pop.  1744.     It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  hosiery,  Ac. 

Langer>Oog,  ling'?r-og\  three  islets  of  Hanover, 
Prussia,  in  the  North  Sea,  opposite  Esens,  which  formed 
one  island  previous  to  an  inundation  in  1825.     Pop.  159. 

Langerwehe,  ling'§r-M'^h  or  14ng'^r-*i\  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  13  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapello. 

Lange  Store,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo. 

Langesund,  ling'§h-soond\  a  town  of  Norway,  on  a 
small  bay  of  the  Skager-Rack,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Laurvig, 
with  753  inhabitants,  a  harbor,  and  trade  in  timber. 

Langetriebe,  llng'^h-tree^b^h,  or  Dhlauha-Tre- 
bowa,  dlow'hi-tri-bo'^i,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  a  rail- 
way, about  12  miles  from  Landskron.     Pop.  1250. 

Langevin,  l6N»'zh9h-viN»',  or  Sainte  Justine,  siNt 
zhiis^teen',  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Lake  Etchemin.  It  contains  several  mills,  and  a 
large  monastery  of  the  Trappist  Fathers.     Pop.  160. 

Langezwaag,  l&ng'H^h-zw&g^  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, Friesland,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1120. 

Lang'ford,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  22  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Bufi"alo. 

Langford,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Sage's  Creek,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brantford.     Pop.  120. 

Langhei,  lang'hi,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  209. 

Langheim,  or  Gross  Langheim,  groce  l&ng'hime, 
and  Klein  Langheim,  kline  l&ng'hime  {i.e.,  "  Great  and 
Little  Langheim"),  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bavaria, 
Lower  Franconia,  16  miles  from  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2470. 

Langhirano,  I&n-ghe-r&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  13 
miles  S.  of  Parma,  on  the  Pafma.     Pop.  5731. 

Langholm,  lang'iim,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Esk  and  Ewes  Rivers. 
It  is  well  built,  having  near  its  centre  a  market-place,  in 
which  are  the  town  hall  and  jail.  It  has  a  cotton-factory, 
looms  for  woollen  plaid  and  other  fabrics,  some  dye-houses, 
hosiery-works,  2  branch  banks,  and  several  libraries  and 
public  associations.     Pop.  3275. 

Langholm,  l&ng'holm,  one  of  the  islands  in  the  Swedish 
lake  Mselar,  on  which  Stockholm  is  partly  built. 

Lang'horne,  formerly  Attleborough,  at't^l-biir- 
rah,  a  post-borough  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  from  Lang- 
home  Station  on  the  New  York  &  Philadelphia  New  Line 
Railroad,  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Bellevue  Institute  for  young  ladies,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  727. 

Langkavi,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Lancata. 

Lang-Kee-Tsoong,  or  Lang-Ki-Tsonng, 
ling^-kee^-tsoong',  a  village  of  Thibet,  about  210  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lassa,  in  a  fertile,  well-cultivated  plain,  sur- 
rounded by  low  wooded  mountains. 

Langlade,  lang-glad',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Wisconsin.  Area,  876  square  miles.  Capital,  Antigo.  Pop. 
in  1890,  9465. 

Langley,  lang'l^,  a  post- village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Aiken.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  671. 

Langley,  a  post- village  of  British  Columbia,  on  th« 
Eraser  River,  15  miles  from  New  Westminster.  It  con 
tains  2  churches,  a  public  school,  2  stores,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  barrels.  The  steamer  plying  between  New  West- 
minster and  Yale  calls  here  every  trip.  Langley  is  the 
centre  of  an  extensive  agricultural  settlement.     Pop.  200. 

Langley  Island,  or  Little  Miquelon  (Fr.  Lang- 
lade,  lingMld',  or  Petite  Miquelon,  pe-teet'  mee'k§h-16»«'), 
an  island  S.  of  Newfoundland,  now  connected  to  the  French 
island  of  Miquelon  by  a  long,  narrow,  and  sandy  isthmos,  . 
formed  since  1783.     It  is  24  miles  in  circumference. 

Langley  Point,  on  the  S.  coast  of  England,  co.  of 
Sussex,  extends  between  Pevensey  Bay  and  Beachy  Head. 

Langloan,  lang-lQn',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lan- 
ark, 8  miles  E.  of  Glasgow,  now  a  part  of  Coatbridge. 

Langnan,  ling'nSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  16  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bern,  in  the  Emmenthal,  of 
which  valley  it  is  the  principal  mart.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cheese,  thread,  and  of  wooden  housesj  which  are 
exported.     Pop.  6214. 

Langnau,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  6  milet 
S.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Sihl.     Pop.  1383. 

Langobriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Feiba. 


LAN 


1607 


LAN 


LangdeU)  l&ng'S^^n,  tbe  most  N.  of  the  Lofibden  Islands, 
off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway.     Length,  35  miles. 

Langogne^  l6N»^gofi'  (ano.  Lango'niaf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lozfire,  on  the  Allier,  27  miles  N.B.  of  Mende. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  serge,  &c.  Pop.  3228. 

Langoiran,  16N»^gw4*rflNo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1391. 

liango'Ia,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  93. 

LangoUen,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Llangollen. 

liangoU)  l6N>»^g6N»'  (anc.  Alin'go),  a  town  and  river-port 
of  France,  in  Gironde,  29  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux, 
on  the  Garonne.  Pop.  3903.  It  has  tanneries  and  manu- 
factures of  brandy  and  excellent  wine. 

Langonnet,  IftNo^gon^nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  25  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  4024. 

Ijangosco,  lin-gos'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  Mortara. 
Pop.  1838. 

Lang'port,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Parret,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bath.  It 
has  an  old  church  and  a  grammar-school.      Pop.  1018. 

liangreS;  15N<"'r  (anc.  Andematu' num,  afterwards  Lin'- 
gonea),  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  capital 
of  an  arrondissement,  near  the  source  of  the  Marne,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Chaumont.  Pop.  9488.  It  stands  on  a 
scarped  mountain,  1460  feet  in  elevation,  and  is  one  of  the 
highest  towns  in  France.  It  has  a  cathedral  of  great  an- 
tiquity, a  Roman  arch,  a  town  hall,  public  library,  several 
hospitals,  a  fine  public  promenade  and  fountain,  a  tribunal 
of  commerce,  a  school  of  geometry,  &c.  It  is  a  seat  of  the 
manufacture  of  fine  cutlery,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  A  great 
number  of  Roman  remains  have  been  found  here. 

Liangrune-sur-Mer,  l6N<»Vruii'-sUR-maiR  (L.  Lan- 
gro'nia),  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  10  miles 
N.  of  Caen,  on  the  English  Channel.     Pop.  1045. 

Ijang's,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1214. 

Lang'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Woodville. 

Lang'statf,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  2i  miles 
from  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  125. 

liang'ston,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  at 
the  head  of  Langston  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  between 
Portsea  and  Hayling  Islands.     See  Portsea. 

Lang'ston,  a  post-ofiice  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Langston,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Pine  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Greenville.  It  has  mineral 
springs  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Langs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in  Rut- 
land township,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  9  miles 
from  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Lianguedoc,  15No^gh^h-dok'  (anc.  Narhonen' sis  PrV- 
ma),  an  extensive  and  beautiful  province  of  France,  now 
forming  the  departments  of  Aude,  Tarn,  Herault,  LozSre, 
Ardeche,  and  Gard,  as  well  as  the  arrondissements  of 
Toulouse  and  Villefranche  in  the  department  of  Haute- 
Garonne,  and  the  arrondissements  of  Puy  and  Yssingeaux  in 
the  department  of  Haute-Loire.  Under  the  Romans  it  was 
one  of  the  seven  provinces  of  Gaul  which  had  the  freedom 
of  Italy.  The  Goths  obtained  a  grant  of  it  from  the  Em- 
peror Honorius,  and  retained  possession  of  it  for  nearly  two 
centuries.  The  Saracens  afterwards  became  its  masters, 
but  were  expelled  by  Charles  Martel  in  725.  From  the 
Counts  of  Toulouse  it  passed  to  Philip  the  Bold,  and  was 
finally  united  to  the  French  crown  in  1361.  The  Canal  of 
Languedoc,  or  du  Midi  (dii  meeMee'),  commences  in  the 
Garonne,  near  Toulouse,  and  terminates  in  the  Etang  de 
x'hau,  in  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  153  miles. . 

Languidic,  l6N°^gheeMeek',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mor- 
•bihan,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  760. 

L'Anguille,  lang^geel',  a  station  of  Cross  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Memphis  <fc  Little  Rock  Railroad,  51  miles  S.W. 
of  Memphis. 

Lang'worthy,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Jones 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  <fe  Southwestern  Railroad,  46 
miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Anamosa.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory, 

Lanham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Layenhah. 

Lan'ham's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Lanho,  lin^ho',  a  river  of  China,  rises  in  the  Mountains 
of  In-Shan,  in  Mongolia,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Pe- 
Chee-Le,  after  a  course  of  about  300  miles.  In  the  upper 
•part  it  bears  the  name  of  Shantoo. 

Iianiacum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Laony. 


Lanier,  Vneer',  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1634. 
It  contains  Enterprise  and  part  of  West  Alexandria. 

Lanier,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  N.  of 
Jefferson. 

Laniscat,  l&^nees^k&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfites- 
du-Nord,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Loud^ac.     Pop.  1502. 

Lai^aron,  l&n-H&-r5n',  a  market-town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  S.  declivity  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada.     Pop.  3408. 

Lankeran,  l&n-k^-r&n',  or  Len^koran',  a  town  of 
Russian  Transcaucasia,  on  the  Caspian  Sea,  40  miles  S.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Koor.     Pop.  5320. 

Lank'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  oo.,  Md.,  5^  miles 
W.  of  Chestertown.     It  has  about  6  houses. 

Lannemezan,  l^nn^m^h-zdNo',  a  town  c^  France, 
in  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  17  miles  S.E,  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1602. 

Lannepax,  I3,n^n§h-pi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  13 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  1552. 

Lanniles,  lin^neel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finist^re,  13 
miles  N.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1149. 

Lannion,  lin^ne-6No'  (anc.  La'niumf),  a  town  and 
river-port  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord,  on  the  Guer,  6 
miles  from  the  English  Channel,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Saint- Brieuc.  Pop.  6115.  It  has  a  harbor  bordered  by  a 
spacious  quay,  a  parish  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  a 
communal  college,  barracks,  hospitals,  and  manufactures  of 
linen  fabrics,  cutlerj',  paper,  and  leather, 

Lannoy,  lin^nwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1904. 

Lanoraie,  14-no-ri',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  several  stores  and  mills,  and  a  considerable  trade  in 
flour,  grain,  and  cordwood.  A  railroad  connects  Lanoraie 
with  Joliette.     Pop,  600. 

La  Nouaille,  li  noo^il',  a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1574. 

Lanrivain,  IftNo^reeV^No',  a  village  of  France,  in  C&tes- 
du-Nord,  14  miles  S.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  1586. 

Lansdale,  or  Landsdale,  lanz'dal,  a  post-borough 
of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bethlehem  Branch  of  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  a  national  bank  and  a  trust  company,  6 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural  machines,  shoes, 
shirts,  sash  and  doors,  stoves,  iron  and  brass  products,  &c. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1858. 

Lans'dowu,  an  elevated  tract  of  land  in  England, 
CO,  of  Somerset,  2^  miles  N.W.  of  Bath.  It  is  noted  for  its 
breed  of  sheep. 

Lansdo\i^e,  lanz'ddwn,  a  station  on  the  West  Chester 
<fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Lansdowne,  Virginia.     See  Landsdown. 

Lansdowne,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co,,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  146  miles  W,  of  Montreal.  It 
has  6  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  250. 

L'Anse,  lanss  (the  French  for  "bay"  or  "creek"),  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Baraga  co,,  Mich,,  is  at  the  head  or 
S,  end  of  Keweenaw  Bay,  63  miles  by  railroad  W,N.W. 
of  Marquette,  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton 
&  Ontonagon  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  a  line  of 
steamboats.  Iron,  lumber,  fish,  and  slate  are  the  chief  arti- 
cles of  export.  It  has  an  iron  dock,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  slate-quarry,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  655 ;  of  L'Anse  township,  1468. 

L'Anse  h  Giles,  I&nss  &  zheel,  a  post-village  in  L'Islet 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  59  miles  E,  of  Quebec,    Pop,  250. 

L'Anse  k  l'£au,  I&nss  &  15,  a  picturesque  little  har- 
bor near  Tadousac,  and  the  entrance  to  the  Saguenay  River, 
It  contains  a  custom-house,  a  post-office,  a  store,  and  a  saw- 
mill, and  is  the  landing-place  of  the  steamers  plying  be- 
tween Quebec  and  Ha  Ha  Bay. 

L'Anse  aux  Griffons.    See  Griffin's  Cove. 

Lansford,  lanz'fprd,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  railroad  between  Mauch  Chunk  and  Tamaqua,  about 
6  miles  N.E,  of  Tamaqua,  It  is  mainly  supported  by  coal- 
mining, and  has  several  churches  and  coal-breakers,  a  foun- 
dry, a  machine-shop,  Ac.     Pop,  in  1890,  4004. 

Lan'sing,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  4  brick-yards,  a  hay- 
press,  a  sour-crout  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Lansing,  a  flourishing  city  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lansing  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  81  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Dubuque,  14  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Waukon,  and  40 
miles  S.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,   a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  larg« 


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1608 


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anion  school ;  also  manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds, 
ploughs,  grain-cradles,  wagons,  Ac.  It  is  an  important 
market  for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1668. 

Lansing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Delaware  township,  Leaven- 
worth CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Peni- 
tentiary Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  wagons  and  boots  and  shoes.  Pop.  in  1890,  4847. 
Here  is  the  state  prison. 

Lansing,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Michigan,  is  situated 
in  Ingham  co.,  on  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cedar 
River,  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  37  miles  N.  of  Jackson, 
208  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chicago,  and  72  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand 
Rapids.  Lat.  42°  45'  N.;  Ion.  84°  32'  W.  It  is  on  the 
Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chicago  *  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  and  the  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing &  Saginaw  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  connecting 
with  the  main  line  at  Jonesville.  Its  site  was  covered 
with  forests  when  the  seat  of  government  was  located 
here  in  1847.  Lansing  contains  a  beautiful  state-house,  16 
churches,  the  state  library  of  40,000  volumes,  3  state  banks, 
2  savings-banks,  a  high  school,  the  state  reform  school,  the 
Michigan  State  Agricultural  College,  an  opera-house,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  bricks,  barrels,  artificial 
stone,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  stoves,  agricultural  implements, 
wagons,  knit-goods,  Ac.  Ten  weekly  and  2  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Lansing  was  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1859.  Pop.  in  1860,  3074;  in  1870,  5241  j  in  1880, 
8319;  in  1890,  13,102. 

Lansing,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lan- 
sing township,  on  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  Saint  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  church.  "  Pop.  of  the  township,  765. 

Lansing,  a  post-oflSce  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 

Lansing,  a  fertile  and  beautiful  township  of  Tompkins 
CO.,  N.Y.,  contains  Ludlowville  and  Lansingville,  and  lies 
on  the  E.  side  of  Cayuga  Lake.     Pop.  2960. 

Lansing,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  45  miles  N.  of 
Lock  Haven. 

Lansing,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  4^  miles 
N.E.  of  Weston.     Pop.  150. 

Lan'singburg,  a  post-town  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lansingburg  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
opposite  Waterford,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge, 
and  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  10  miles  above  Albany, 
and  3i  miles  N.  of  Troy.  It  contains  11  churches,  the  Lan- 
singburg Academy,  an  Augustinian  priory,  a  national  bank, 
a  private  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Here  are  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  brushes,  oil-cloth,  Ac.  Sloops  can 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,550. 

Lan'singville,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hamden  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  2  miles  above 
Hamden.     Pop.  110. 

Lansingville,  a  small  post-village  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Lansing  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 
It  has  a  church. 

Lans-le-Bourg,  liN<»*-l§h-booR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  3  miles  N.AV.  of  Mont  Cenis.     Pop.  1470. 

Lant,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.     Pop.  321. 

Lantadilla,  lin-ti-Deel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia,  on  the  Pisuerga.     Pop.  1040. 

Lantao,  lin-ti'o  or  lS.n-t6w',  or  Lintao,  leen-t&'o 
(Chinese,  Taiho,  ti^ho'),  an  island  of  China,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Canton  River,  17  miles  E.  of  Macao,  and  1  mile  from 
the  mainland.  It  is  long,  narrow,  and  mountainous,  with 
numerous  bays  and  headlands.  Tr-Ho  or  Taiho  village  is 
on  its  N.W.  coast. 

Lantar,  Indian  Ocean.     See  Lontar. 

Lantchang,  a  city  of  Asia.     See  Lanchang. 

Lan-Tchou,orLan-Tcheou-Foo.  SeeLAN-CHOo. 

Lanterne,  l&No'tfiRn',  a  river  of  France,  rises  near  the 
frontier  of  Vosges,  flows  S.W.  38  miles,  and  joins  the  Safine. 

Lan-Thsang-Kiang,ariverof  Asia.  See  Me-Kong. 

Lantosque,  ia,n-tosk',  or  Lantosca,  lin-tos'ki,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  20  miles  N.  of  Nice. 
Pop.  2232. 

Lantsliang,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Lanchano. 

Lant'wit  or  Llantwit  Mayor,  a  town  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Glamorgan,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cowbridge.  In  the  church- 
yard are  2  crosses,  with  a  curious  inscription  to  the  memory 
of  Sampson,  Archbishop  of  Dol.     Pop.  of  parish,  1097. 

Lantz  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  from  Edenburg  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lanusei,  li-noo-si'ee,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  57  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2487. 

Lanvollon,  lftN»Vori6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cfites- 
4u-Nord.  13  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuo.     Pop.  1719. 


Lanxaron,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Lanjaron.  i 

Lanzarote,  l&n-s&-ro'ti,  or  Lancero'ta,  the  most  I 
N.E.  of  the  Canaries.  Area,  about  300  square  miles.  Pop.  ■ 
17,500.  In  its  centre  it  rises  to  2000  feet  in  elevation,  and 
at  its  W.  end  is  a  high  volcano.  It  is  scantily  watered,  but 
yields  the  finest  wine  and  grapes  in  the  Canaries;  other 
products  are  barilla  and  archil.  On  its  S.E.  coa.'it  is  the 
town  of  Arecife,  S.  of  Teguise,  the  capital  of  the  island. 

Lanzo,  l&n'zo  (L.  Lan'cium),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Stura.  Pop.  2625. 
It  has  smelting-works  and  manufactures  of  nails  and  iron 
goods.     In  its  district  are  mines  of  iron  and  copper. 

Lao,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Laino. 

Laodicea,  Asia  Minor.    See  Eskee  Hissar. 

Laodicea  ad  Mare,  the  ancient  name  of  Latakeea. 

Laodicea  Combnsta,  the  ancient  name  of  Ladik. 

Laon,  l&^6ii<>'  (ano.  Bi'hrax  Suessio'num  t  Landu'num  t), 
a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aisne,  86 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  12,036.  It  is  enclosed 
by  old  massive  walls,  and  placed  on  an  isolated  hill  crowned 
by  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral.  It  contains  also  a  valuable 
library,  a  museum  of  art  and  antiquities,  a  remarkable 
leaning  tower,  the  town  hall,  a  citadel,  2  hospitals,  large 
barracks,  a  theatre,  a  communal  college,  a  workhouse,  and 
the  tower  of  Queen  Brunhilda.  Under  the  French  kings  of 
the  first  and  second  races,  Laon  was  a  place  of  importance, 
and  it  remained  the  last  possession  of  the  Carlovingian 
dynasty  under  Louis  V.,  the  foundations  of  whose  massive 
castle  still  remain.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  coarse 
cloth,  leather,  pumps,  sugar,  Ac;  and  in  its  vicinity  are  nu- 
merous vineyards.  In  1411  it  was  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Bur- 
gundy, and  in  1419  it  was  taken  by  the  English,  who  were 
expelled  from  it  in  1429.  In  1594  it  was  taken  by  siege  by 
Henry  IV.     Bonaparte  sustained  a  defeat  here  in  1814. 

Lao'na,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Rockford.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  742. 

Laona,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  about  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Laona,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  A  Pitteburg  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  218. 

Laos,I&'ooe,  a  country  of  Southeastern  Asia,  occupying 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula  of  Indo-China,  surrounded  by 
the  Burmese  and  Siamese  dominions,  Cambodia,  Tonquin, 
and  the  Chinese  province  Yun-Nan.  Its  boundaries  and 
area  are  wholly  unknown  to  Europeans ;  its  population  has 
been  estimated  at  a  million.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Menam 
and  Me-Kong  Rivers,  and  is  reported  to  have  a  fertile 
soil  and  to  be  thinly  peopled,  its  inhabitants  living  mostly 
in  migratory  hordes.  Its  products  comprise  rice,  tobacco, 
sugar-cane,  indigo,  benzoin,  lac,  and  other  gums,  betel, 
numerous  fruits,  teak,  sapan,  and  sandal  woods,  elephants, 
and  draught-cattle,  with  iron,  lead,  copper,  gold,  and  silver. 
Silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  paper  from  bark,  leather,  sugar,  and 
gunpowder  are  manufactured,  and  the  natives  are  ingenious 
as  workers  in  metals,  mat-makers,  embroiderers,  and  potters. 
The  trade  with  Tonquin  appears  to  be  extensive:  of  late 
there  has  been  a  growing  trade  with  Maulmain  and  the 
Tenasserim  provinces,  whence  British  cotton  and  woollen 
goods  are  introduced.  An  independent  kingdom  is  said  to 
exist  here,  but  the  outlying  tribes  are  tributary  to  their 
more  powerful  neighbors.  In  habits,  customs,  religion,  and 
languages  the  Laos  resemble  the  Burmese.  They  are  noted 
for  honesty  and  morality.     Chief  town,  Xieng-Mai. 

La  Ot'to,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in  Swan 
township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn, 
and  15  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 

La  Pacaudi^re,  1&  p&^koMe-aiR',  a  town  of  France 
in  Loire,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  2114. 

La'pak,  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands.  Lat.  5°  35'  N. ; 
Ion.  121°  E. 

La  Pa'la,  a  township  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  120. 

La  Palud,  \k  pUMii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Orange.     Pop.  1850. 

Lapat'cong,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  lies  on 
the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  1150. 

La  Paz,  1&  p&z,  the  nominal  capital  of  Bolivia,  in  the 
department  of  La  Paz,  is  situated  in  lat.  16°  30'  N.,  Ion. 
68°  10'  W.,  at  an  elevation  of  12,226  feet.  Pop.  50,000, 
mostly  Indians.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  religious  es- 
tablishments with  considerable  revenue,  and  ranks  as  a 
place  of  wealth  and  importance,  being  an  entrepSt  for  Para- 
guay tea,  gold,  bark,  and  European  goods.  A  railway  con- 
nects it  with  Lake  Titicaca.     Elevation,  11,972  English  feet. 


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La  Paz,  a  department  of  Bolivia,  mostly  between  lat. 
14°  and  18°  S.  and  Ion.  67°  and  70°  W.,  having  South 
Peru  and  Lake  Titicaca  on  the  W.  Estimated  area,  nearly 
45,000  square  miles,  and  population  447,822.  It  is  trav- 
ersed  by  the  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  containing  lUimani 
and  Sorata. 

La  Paz,  \k  p&z,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  Lower 
California,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  La  Paz,  near  its 
head.  Lat.  24°  10'  9"  N, ;  Ion.  110°  19'  53"  W.  It  is  well 
laid  out,  and  pleasantly  situated  on  a  small  and  secure  har- 
bor, suitable  for  large  ships.  It  has  a  church,  a  govern- 
ment house,  and  a  town  house.  It  is  supported  by  a  pearl- 
fishery,  silver-mining,  and  commerce.     Pop.  3000. 

La  Paz,  a  former  poet- village  of  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Colorado  River.  The  river  is  navigable 
for  steamboats  above  and  below  this  place.  Gold  is  found 
here.     Pop.  254. 

La  Paz,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Walkerton  Junc- 
tion, SI  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Ply- 
mouth.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lapeer,  la-peer',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  666  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
branches  of  Flint  River,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Belle 
River  and  Mill  Creek,  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  butter,  lumber,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road, the  Pontiac,  Oxford  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago 
<fc  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, the  latter  two  of  which  pass  through  Lapeer,  the  capi- 
taL    Pop.  in  1870,  21,345 ;  in  1880,  30,138 ;  in  1890,  29,213. 

Lapeer,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Topeka. 

Lapeer,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Flint  River,  and  on  the 
Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago 
<!k  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  of  Detroit,  50  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Flint.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  an  elevator,  superior  hotels,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  3  lumber-mills,  a  machine-shop,  brick-  and  tile- 
works,  handle-works,  and  manufactures  of  engines  and 
windmills.  Pop.  in  1890,  2753  j  of  the  township,  exclusive 
of  the  town,  957. 

Lapeer,  a  post-township  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
22  miles  E.  of  Ithaca.     It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  724. 

La  Perouse,  islands  and  strait.     See  Perouse. 

La  Petite-Pierre,  14  peh-teet'-pe-aiR',  or  Liitzel- 
stein,  liit'z^l-stine,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  in  the 
Vosges  Mountains,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zabern.     Pop.  1025. 

Lapeza,  li-pi'thd,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  24  miles  from  Granada. 

Lapham's  (lap'amz)  Mills,  a  station  of  Clinton  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Au  Sable  Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Canada 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 

Laphamville,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Rockfokd. 

Laphnn  Xai,  a  town  of  Siam,  capital  of  a  small  Laos 
state,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Menam,  15  miles  S.  of  Xieng- 
Mai.     Pop.  12,000. 

La  Picardie,  the  French  for  Picardy. 

Lapidaei  Campi,  France.    See  La  Crau. 

Lap'idum,  a  post-village  of  Harford  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  1  mile  from  Port  Deposit,  and  about 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  Fine  granite  is  quarried  near 
it.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Pierre,  \k  pe-aiR',  an  islet  of  the  English  Channel, 
off  the  3oast  of  the  French  department  of  lUe-et-Vilaine,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Malo.     It  is  defended  by  a  fort. 

La  Pigeonniere,  li  pee^zh6n^nee-aiR',  also  called 
Saint  Michel  Archange,  s^^-°  mee^shdl'  aR^kAxzh',  a 
post-village  in  Napierville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  (Champlain  division),  25  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  5  or  6  stores,  2  hotels,  a  telegraph  office,  and  a 
church.     Pop.  600. 

Lapile,  li-peel',  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  15 
miles  from  Hillsborough.     It  has  a  drug-store. 

Lapio,  li'pe-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop,  2324. 

Lapis  Populi,  supposed  Latin  name  of  Folkestone. 

La  Place,  la  plass,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ala. 

La  Place,  a  post- village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  in  Cerro  Gordo 
township,  on  the  Indiana  &  Illinois  Cenftal  Railroad,  14 
miles  E.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches. 

La  Place,  \k  p\kss,  post-office,  St.  Martin's  parish,  La. 

La  Piacilla  de  Caracoles.    See  Caracoles. 
102 


Lapland,  lap'land  (native,  Sameanda,  sk-me-kn'dk;  Sw. 
Lappmark,  l&pp'maRk;  Russ.  Laplandiia,  I&p-l&n'de-yi.^ ; 
Fr.  Laponie,  iVpo^nee' ;  L.  Lappo'nia),  an  extensive  terri- 
tory in  the  N.  of  Europe,  between  lat.  64°  and  71°  N., 
reaching  from  the  shores  of  Norway  E.  to  the  White  Sea, 
Area,  about  130,000  square  miles,  of  which  more  than  a 
half,  situated  E.  of  the  Torne4  and  its  tributary  Muonio, 
belongs  to  Russia,  and  the  remainder  is  shared,  in  nearly 
equal  proportions,  between  Sweden  and  Norway,  Of  the 
Russian  part,  one-half  belongs  to  Finland.  Lapland  is,  ac- 
cordingly, not  the  name  of  any  political  division.  Both 
from  geographical  position  and  from  physical  conformation, 
Lapland  is  one  of  the  most  forbidding  regions  of  the  globe, 
consisting  either  of  rugged  mountains,  some  of  them  cov- 
ered with  perpetual  snow,  or  of  vast  monotonous  tracts  of 
moorland  wastes.  This  extensive  territory  appears  to  have 
been  at  one  time  wholly  occupied  by  the  people  to  whom  it 
owes  its  name ;  but  its  S.  and  better  portions  have  been 
gradually  encroached  upon  by  Norwegians,  Swedes,  and 
Finlanders,  till  the  Laplanders  proper  have  in  a  great 
measure  been  cooped  up  within  the  Arctic  Circle.  There 
they  retain  their  distinctive  features  and  ancient  customs, 
and  find  ample  scope  to  follow  their  favorite  modes  of  life, 
either  as  Mountain  Laplanders,  leading  a  nomadic  life  and 
pasturing  large  reindeer  herds,  or  as  Shore  Laplanders,  who 
reside  upon  the  coast  and  subsist  chiefly  by  fishing.  The 
Lapps  speak  a  language  allied  to  that  of  the  Finns;  but 
between  the  two  nations  there  is  a  traditional  dislike,  the 
result  of  ages  of  hostility.  The  chief  characteristics  of  the 
Lapps  are — low  stature,  seldom  exceeding  4  feet  9  inches  in 
height  J  great  muscular  power,  exhibited  both  in  their  agility 
and  in  a  strength  of  arm  enabling  them  to  bend  a  bow 
which  an  ordinary  Norwegian  could  not  draw  (although 
they  soon  tire  of  hard  exertion);  a  large  head;  dark, 
long,  and  glossy  hair ;  small  brown  eyes,  obliquely  placed ; 
wide  mouth,  with  ill-defined  lips;  a  scanty  beard;  and  a 
skin  of  a  yellow,  dingy  hue.  The  Laplanders  are  not  de- 
ficient either  in  intellectual  or  in  moral  capacity.  They  are 
simple-hearted,  hospitable,  and  apparently  inclined,  as  far 
as  their  knowledge  goes,  to  practise  the  duties  of  Chris- 
tianity, which  they  all  profess,  under  the  form  of  Lutheran- 
ism  in  Norway  and  Sweden,  and  that  of  the  Greek  Church 
in  Russia.  The  greatest  exceptions  to  this  practice  are  fond- 
ness for  ardent  spirits  and  the  excessive  use  of  tobacco. 
The  number  of  full-blooded  Laplanders  is  not  supposed  to 
exceed  32,000.     Probably  one-fifth  of  them  are  nomadic 

Adj.  Lap'pish,  Lap'landish,  and  Lapponian,  lap-po'- 

ne-an  (poetical) ;  inhab.  Lap'lander  and  Lapp.  The  people 
are  called  Finns,  or  Finner,  in  Norway,  where  the  true  Finns 
are  called  Quains. 

Lap'land,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Emporia. 

La  Plante,  \k  pl&nt,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 
2J  miles  from  La  Poile.     Pop.  108. 

La  Plata,  a  city  of  Bolivia.    See  Chuquisaca. 

La  Plata,  13.  pll'ti,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Cundinamarca,  62  miles  S.S.W.  of  Neyva,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Magdalena. 

La  Plata,  Ik  -pWik,  a  river  of  Colorado,  rises  in  the 
La  Plata  Mountains,  runs  nearly  southward  into  New 
Mexico,  and  enters  the  Rio  de  Chaco.     Length,  60  miles. 

La  Plata,  a  county  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Colorado, 
borders  on  New  Mexico  and  Utah.  Area,  1860  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Rio  Dolores,  the  Rio  La  Plata,  and 
other  rivers.  The  surface,  mostly  mountainous,  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  evergreen  trees.  The  Uncom- 
pahgre  Peak,  in  the  N.E.  part,  is  estimated  to  be  14,235  feet 
high.  Capital,  Durango.  Rich  mines  of  silver  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  1110;  in  1890,  5509. 

La  Plata,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Charles  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Railroad  ( Pope's  Creek  Branch), 
65  miles  S.  of  Baltimore. 

La  Plata,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  in  La  Plata 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &,  Northern  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  N.  of  Macon  City,  and  190  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  4  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  <fee.     Pop.  (1890)  1169  ;  of  township,  1918, 

La  Plata  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Saguache 
Range,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Mount  Elbert.  Its  altitude  is 
14,302  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  nucleus  is  granitic. 

La  Plata  Mountains,  a  small  group  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Colorado,  the  summits  of  which  have  an  altitude  of 
nearly  13,000  feet.  The  highest  of  them  is  named  Mount 
Hesperus.     Gold,  silver,  and  coal  abound  here. 

La  Plata  River.    See  Rio  be  la  Plata. 

La  Platte,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Platte,  17  miles  S.  of 


LAP 


1610 


LAR 


Omaha.  It  is  on  the  Omaha  Branch  of  the  Burlington  <fc 
Missouri  River  Railroad. 

La  Playa,  U  pli'i,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo  oo., 
Cal.,  is  on  the  Pacific,  12  miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 

La  Plume,  la  ploom,  post-office,  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa. 

La  Pobla,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Pobla  db  Lillet. 

La  Poile,  li  pwil,  a  post-town  of  Newfoundland,  on 
La  Poile  Bay,  near  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  island,  40  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Burgeo. 

La  Pointe,  la  point,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  Wis., 
on  Madeleine  Island,  in  Lake  Superior,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ashland.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  282,  mainly  supported  by 
boat-building  and  fishing. 

La  Pointe-^-PItre,  14  pwiNt-i-peet'r,  a  town  of  the 
French  West  India  island  of  Guadeloupe,  in  Grande-Terre, 
on  a  good  harbor,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Basse-Terre.  It  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  1843,  bnt  has  greatly 
prospered  since  that  time.  It  is  the  chief  commercial  town 
of  the  colony,  is  well  built,  and  has  handsome,  well-kept 
streets.     Pop.  15,172. 

Laponie,  the  French  name  of  Lapland. 

La  Porte,  la-port',  a  northern  county  of  Indiana,  bor- 
ders on  Lake  Michigan  and  the  state  of  Michigan.  Area, 
about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  and  partly 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Kankakee  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prai- 
ries and  forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern,  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago,  and 
Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  La  Porte.  Pop. 
in  1870,  27,062;  in  1880,  30,985;  in  1890,  .34,445. 

La  Porte,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
brewery,  and  6  stores.     Gold  is  found  here.     P.  about  400. 

La  Porte,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  in  a  fer- 
tile valley,  on  Cache  la  Poudre  Creek,  70  miles  N.  of  Denver. 

La  Porte,  a  city,  the  capital  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  is 
situated  on  several  small  lakes,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern,  Lake  Erie  A  Western,  and  Chicago  A  West 
Michigan  Railroads,  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  2S  miles 
W.  of  South  Bend,  and  155  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks, 
newspaper  offices,  a  Catholic  academy,  and  16  churches,  and 
has  manufactures  of  carriages,  threshers,  engines,  boilers, 
separators,  fanning-mills,  brooms,  woollen  goods,  wagons, 
wheels,  doors,  Ac.  It  has  also  an  orphans'  home,  an  old 
ladies'  home,  a  kindergarten  academy,  and  summer  resorts, 
including  the  Baptist  Assembly.     Pop.  in  1890,  7126. 

La  Porte,  or  Laporte  City,  a  post-village  of  Black 
Hawk  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Big  Creek  township,  on  Wolf  Creek, 
about  1  mile  from  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a  flour-  and 
feed-mill,  lumber-mills,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of 
fencing.     Pop.  in  1890,  1052. 

La  Porte,  a  hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Ten  Mile 
Post-Office. 

La  Porte,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Carlisle 
township,  on  Black  River,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Elyria,  and 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

Laporte,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa., 
in  Laporte  township,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and 
100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  a  large  hotel,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, a  private  bank,  and  manufactures  of  wagons.  Pop. 
in  1890,  375  ;  of  the  township,  443. 

Lapos,  li'posh*,  or  Lapus,  l&'poosh^  a  river  of  Hun- 
gary, in  the  N.  part  of  Transylvania,  joins  the  Szamos  after 
a  course  of  45  miles. 

Lapperanda,  the  Finlandish  for  Vilmanstrand. 

Lappmark,  lipp'mauk,  a  general  name  for  the  northern 
districts  of  Sweden,  including  Swedish  Lapland.  These 
districU,  from  N.  to  S.,  are  called  Tome4-Lappmark,  LuleA- 
Lappmark,  Pitei-Lappmark  (in  the  laen  of  Norrbotten),  and 
Ume4-Lappmark  and  Asele- Lappmark,  in  Westerbotten. 

Lapponia,  the  Latin  for  Lapland. 

Lapp's,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

La  Prairie,  la  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Adama  oo., 
111.,  in  North  East  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quinoy  Railroad,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  3 
ehurches.     Pop.  about  300. 

La  Prairie,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  111.  Pop.  1400. 
La  Prairie,  a  township  of  Rock  oo ,  Wis.     Pop.  822.* 


Laprairie,  la-pra'ree,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bordering 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  island  of  Montreal. 
Area,  170  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Champlain 
division  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Laprairie. 
Pop.  11,861. 

Laprairie,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Laprairie,  is 
situated  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  7  miles 
S.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  8  hotels  and  a  dozen  stores. 
The  first  railroad  in  British  North  America  was  constructed 
from  here  to  St.  Johns  in  1836,  but  was  discontinued.  A 
steam  ferry  runs  between  Laprairie  and  Montreal  thre* 
times  a  day.     Pop.  1259. 

La  Prairie  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  HI. 

La  Presentation,  l&prVz&N°^t&^se-6N<>',  apost-village 
in  St.  Hyacinthe  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 
It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

La  Prieur6,  France.    See  Chamodni. 

Lapte,  l&pt,  a  village  of  France,  Hante-Loire,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Brioude.     Pop.  577. 

La  Puebla,  IS,  pweb'li  (or  Poblat,  pob-l&t'),  a  town 
of  Majorca,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3620. 

La  Puebla,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Puebla. 

La  Puebla  d'Alcocer,  1&  pwdb'li  d&l-ko-thaiR',  a 
small  town  of  Spain,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  d'Alcocer, 
province  and  87  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3063. 

La  Puebla  de  Almuradiel,  1&  pweb'li  dk  &l-moo- 
r&-De-dr,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Toledo.     Pop.  2S51. 

La  Pneola  de  Arganzon,  1&  pw£b'l&  d&  aR-g&n- 
thon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alava,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Miranda. 

La  Puebla  de  Cazaba,  1&  pwib'li  dk  kk-thi'sk,  a 
town  of  Spain,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4181. 

La  Puebla  de  Don  Fadrique,  1&  pwdb'li  dk  don 
f4-Drce'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  77  miles  N.E.  of 
Granada,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Calar.  Pop.  4093.  It  has 
4  parish  churches,  manufactures  of  woven  fabrics,  and  an 
active  trade  in  timber. 

La  Puebla  de  Guzman,  14  pwdb'l4  d4  gooth-m4n', 
a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  3715. 

La  Puebla  de  H^jar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Hijar. 

La  Puebla  de  la  Calzada,  14  pw4b'l4  d4  14  k4l- 
th4'D4,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles  E.  of  Badajos.    Pop.  2946. 

La  Puebla  del  Duque,  14  pwdb'l4  ddl  doo'k4,  or 
La  Puebla  de  Rugat,  14  pw£b'l4  d4  roo-g4t',  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  36  miles  from  Valencia.    Pop.  1826. 

La  Puebla  del  Maestre,  14  pw£b'l4  d£l  ma-is'tr4, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  70  miles  S. 
of  Badajos.     Pop.  4474. 

La  Puebla  de  los  Angeles.    See  Puebla. 

La  Puebla  de  los  Infantes,  14  pwdb'l4  d4  loc« 
een-f4n'tfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Seville,  19  miles 
N.W.  of  Ecija.   It  has  some  Roman  antiquities.    Pop.  2143. 

La  Puebla  de  Montalvan,  14  pwdb'l4  d4  mon-t4l- 
v4n',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  17  miles  W.  of  Toledo, 
on  the  Tagus.  Pop.  5068.  It  has  a  picturesque  castle,  and 
a  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Uceda,  also  manufactures  of  leather, 
oil,  and  pottery. 

La  Puebla  de  Sanabria,  14  pwdb'l4  d4  s4-n4'Bre-4, 
a  town  of  Spain,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1597. 

La  Puebla  de  Sancho  Perez,  14  pwdb'14  d4  s4n'- 
cho  p4'rdth,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  36  miles  S.E.  of 
Badajos.     Pop.  2015. 

La  Puebla  de  Vallbona,  14  pw4b'14  d4  T4l-bo'n4, 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia, 
on  the  Turia.     Pop.  1326. 

La  Puebla  de  Yalverde,  14  pwdb'l4  d4  v4l-v£R'd4, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Teruel. 

La  Puebla  Junto  A.  Coria,  14  pwdb'14  Hoon'to  & 
ko're-4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  1886. 

La  Puebla  Nueva,  14  pwfib'l4  nw4'v4,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  46  miles  W,  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2672. 

La  Puebla  Nueva  del  Mar,  14  pwJb'14  nw4'v4  dil 
maR  ("  the  new  village  of  the  sea"),  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  2  miles  E.  of  Valencia,  on  the  sea-coast,  and 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tarca.  At  no  very  distant  date  the 
site  of  this  village  was  covered  by  the  sea.     Pop.  8179. 

La  Puglia,  Italy.     See  Apulia. 

Lapurdum,  France.     See  Bavoxne. 

Lapurdum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lourdes. 

Lapwai,  lap'wa\  a  post-office  of  Nez  Perces  co.,  Idaho, 
at  Fort  Lapwai,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Lewiston,  and  3  miles 
from  Lapwai  Agency  for  the  Nez  Perces  Indians. 

Lar,  or  Laar,  laR,  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Ma- 
zanderan,  flows  into  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Lar,  or  Laar,  a  town  of  Persia,  capital  of  the  prorinc* 


LAR 


1611 


LAK 


of  Laristan,  and  formerly  of  an  Arabian  kingdom,  180 
miles  S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  Pop.  12,000.  It  stands  in  an  ex- 
tensive plain,  and  has  a  fortified  residence  of  the  governor, 
and  a  large  and  fine  bazaar.  It  is  the  seat  of  some  manu- 
factures of  arms,  gunpowder,  and  cotton  fabrics. 

liar'abee^  a  post-office  of  MoKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
BuSalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  MoEean  &  Buffalo  Eailroad,  32  miles  N.  of 
Emporium. 

Ijarache,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  El-Akaish. 

Ija  Rambia,  li  rim'blS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  14  miles  S.  of  Cordova.  Pop.  5926.  It  has  several 
convents,  and  some  woollen-manufactures. 

La  Rambia,  13,  rim'bli,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Tene- 
riffe,  on  the  W.  coast. 

Laramie^  l&r'a-mee,  a  large  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Wyoming,  borders  on  Nebraska  and  Colorado.  Area,  7025 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the 
Platte  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Laramie  and  Nio- 
brara Rivers  and  the  head-streams  of  the  Cheyenne,  and 
by  Chugwater  and  Lodge  Pole  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  mountains  and  high  table-lands  or  plains, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fir,  and 
other  evergreen  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  It  is  inter- 
Bected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Cheyenne. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2957;  in  1880,  6409;  in  1890,  16,777. 

liaramie,  the  capital  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  is 
situated  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Laramie  Range  of  moun- 
tains, on  the  Great  Laramie  Plain,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  57  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cheyenne,  and  673  miles 
from  Omaha.  It  is  7123  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  beautiful  scenery.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  penitentiary,  a  Catholic  hospital, 
6  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  public  library,  several  hotels, 
2  high  schools,  a  rolling-mill,  a  round-house,  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad  company.  Two  daily  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1S90,  6388. 

Liaramie  Mountains  ^  a  curvilinear  range  of  Colorado 
and  Wyoming,  but  mostly  in  the  latter  territory.  These 
mountains  bound  the  Laramie  Plains  on  the  E.  and  N.E., 
and  are  reported  to  contain  much  good  lignite.  Laramie 
Peak  is  their  highest  point. 

Liaramie  Peak,  Wyoming,  a  conical  granitic  peak  of 
the  Laramie  Range  of  mountains,  in  Albany  co.,  about  lat. 
42°  20'  N.     It  is  estimated  to  be  about  10,000  feet  high. 

Laramie  Plains,  Wyoming,  a  fertile  plateau  or 
table-land  in  the  cos.  of  Albany  and  Carbon,  enclosed  on 
all  sides  by  high  mountains,  among  which  are  the  Medicine 
Bow  Mountains  and  the  Laramie  Range.  The  latter  forms 
the  boundary  on  the  N.  and  E.  Area,  about  3000  square 
miles.  Length,  nearly  60  miles.  The  surface  is  a  beauti- 
ful and  almost  treeless  plain,  which  is  about  7500  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  The  climate  is  dry  and  pleasant  in 
summer.  The  soil  is  alluvial,  and  produces  good  pasture. 
The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  southern  part  of 
this  plain,  which  is  partly  irrigated  by  the  Laramie  River. 

Laramie  River  rises  in  or  near  the  North  Park,  which 
is  in  Colorado.  It  runs  northward  in  Albany  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, drains  part  of  Laramie  co.  (in  which  its  direction  is 
nearly  eastward),  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  at 
Fort  Laramie,  Wyoming.  It  is  about  200  miles  long.  Lara- 
mie Railroad  Station  on  this  river  is  7123  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea. 

Laranda,  the  ancient  name  of  Karaman. 

Laranjeiras,  li-rin-zbi'ris,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Sergipe,  on  the  Cotiudiba,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
Atlantic.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Larantooka,  Larantoeka,  or  Larantnka,  I&- 
rin-too'ki,  a  Portuguese  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
E.  end  of  the  island  of  Flores,  on  the  Flores  Strait. 

Larat,  or  Laarat,  li-rit',  an  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  one  of  the  Tenimber  group,  ofi"  the  N.E.  coast 
of  Timor  Laut.     It  is  25  miles  long  by  10  broad. 

Larax,  li^ri',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Gers, 
joins  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne.    Total  course,  70  miles. 

L'Arbresle,  lau^bral',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Rhane,  18  miles  by  railway  W.N.W.  of  Lyons.    P.  2840. 

Larch'mont,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Mamaroneck  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  19  miles  from  New 
York. 

Larch'wood^  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyons  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Larchwood  township,  40  miles  W.  of  Sibley.  Extensive 
hedges  of  willow  have  been  planted  in  the  township,  which 
is  a  rolling  prairie.     Pop.  97. 

Larda,  laR'di,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  falls  into  the 
Po  7  miles  S.  of  Cremona.     Total  oourse,  35  miles. 


Lardero,  lan-di'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
about  3  miles  from  LogroSo,  on  the  Iregua.     Pop.  1182. 

L'Ardoise,  lauMwiz',  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Cape  Breton  Island,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  St.  Peters.  It  was  formerly  a  town  of  much 
importance.     Pop.  200. 

Laredo,  li-ra'oo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Santander, 
34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  3200. 

Laredo,  18,-ri'do,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webb  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  opposite  Nuevo  Laredo  in  Mexico, 
and  at  the  junction  of  three  railroads,  154  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  W.  of  San  Antonio,  and  108  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of 
San  Diego.  It  has  a  church,  several  newspaper  oflBces,  an 
Ursuline  academy  or  convent,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  cigars.  Coal,  iron,  lead, 
zinc,  and  copper  are  found  here.  Wool  and  cattle  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,319. 

Laree,  or  Lari,  li'ree,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  on  the 
N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Chad,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Kooka. 

La  Reid,  li  rit,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1800. 

Larek,  li^rSk',  written  also  Larrack  or  Laredsh, 
an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  5  miles  S.E.  of  the  E.  end  of 
Kishm.    Greatest  length,  5J  miles ;  breadth,  nearly  4  miles. 

La  R^ole,  IS.  ri^ol',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  30  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bor- 
deaux. It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
hats,  leather,  and  cutlery.     Pop.  3498. 

Largentifere,  laR^zhfinoHe-aiR'  (anc.  Argenta'riaf),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Ardfiche,  on  the  Ligne,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  Privas.  Pop.  2374.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics 
and  leather.     See  Argenti^re. 

Lar'gie,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  W. 
of  lona.     Pop.  100. 

Lar'go,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  Largo  Bay, 
an  inlet  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2^  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Leven.  It  is  frequented  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  a  harbor. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2318. 

Largs,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  a  bay  of  the 
same  name,  surrounded  by  beautiful  hills,  22  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Glasgow.  It  is  irregularly  but  well  built,  and  has  elegant 
baths,  an  academy,  an  industrial  school,  a  pier,  numerous 
handsome  villas,  and  small  manufactories  of  cotton,  but  is 
chiefly  supported  by  sea-bathers.  A  great  victory  was  ob- 
tained here  in  1263  by  Alexander  III.,  over  Haco,  King  of 
Norway.     Pop.  2760. 

Lari,  li'ree,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  10,081. 

Lari,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Laree. 

Lar'imer,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Colorado,  borders 
on  Wyoming.  Area,  about  4100  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Cache  la  Poudre  River  and  Big  Thompson  Creek.  The 
surface  presents  grand  and  beautiful  mountain-scenery. 
The  Snowy  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  extends  along 
the  western  border  of  this  county,  at  the  S.W.  corner  of 
which  stands  Long's  Peak.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and 
plains  is  fertile.  Wheat,  cattle,  oats,  potatoes,  and  butter 
are  the  staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  connects  with  Fort  Collins,  the  capital.  Pop 
in  1870,  838;  in  1880,  4892;  in  1890,  9712. 

Larimer,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  951. 

Larimer's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  a  flouring-mill.    Coal  is  mined  here. 

Larino,  li-ree'no  (anc.  Lari'num),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.  It  is  a  bisnop'l 
see.     Pop.  6739. 

La  Rioja,  li  re-o'ni,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, between  lat.  27°  50'  and  31°  S.,  and  extending  from 
Ion.  66°  20'  W.  to  the  Andes,  and  on  other  sides  having  the 
provinces  of  Catamarca,  Cordova,  San  Luis,  and  San  Juan. 
It  is  rich  in  metals.  Wheat  is  raised,  and  wine  and  brandy 
exported,  but  its  inland  situation  is  a  serious  obstacle  to 
its  trade.  The  principal  towns  are  La  Rioja,  Chilecito,  and 
Guandacol.    Area,  34,627  square  miles.     Pop.  48,746. 

La  Rioja,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  La  Rioja,  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  is  1 1 8  miles  S.S.  W.  of  Catamarca.   P.  4489. 

Larissa,  li-ris'si  (Turk.  Yeni  Sheh'r,  yfin'ee  shih'r, 
i.e.,  "new  town"),  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Greece,  on  the  Sa- 
lembria  (anc.  Pene'tu),  20  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Salonica.' 
Lat.  39°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  28'  E.  Pop.  in  1879, 13,169,  many 
of  whom  are  Turks,  and  a  few  are  negroes. 

Laris'sa,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala.,  about  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham. 

Larissa,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Jacksonville  Station,  and  about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Palestine.     It  has  4  ohurohes. 


LAR 


1612 


LAS 


Laristan,  lar-is-tin',  a  maritime  province  of  Persia, 
having  S.  the  Persian  Gulf,  and  landward  the  provinces  of 
Fars  and  Kerman.  Estimated  area,  16,000  square  miles. 
It  is  an  arid  and  sandy  waste,  interspersed  with  salt  steppes. 
Principal  town,  Lar. 

Larius  Lacus,  the  ancient  name  of  Lago  di  Como. 

Larize,  a  river  of  France.    See  Arize. 

Larke,  lark,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  county  of  Suflfolk,  and  flows  into  the  Ouse  near  Ely. 

Lark'hall,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lanark.  Pop.  4971.  It  has  coal-mines  and 
hand-loom  weaving. 

Larkhana,  lau^ki'ni,  or  Larkhanu,  laR^ki-noo',  a 
fortified  town  of  Sinde,  145  miles  N.W.  of  Hyderabad,  and 
7  miles  W.  of  the  Indus,  with  which  it  communicates  by 
the  Larkhana  Canal.  It  has  a  citadel,  formerly  the  artillery 
depot  of  the  Sinde  ameers,  a  good  bazaar,  manufactures  of 
silk  and  cotton  goods,  and  one  of  the  chief  corn-markets  of 
the  country.    Pop.  12,000. 

Lar'kin,  a  post-oflBce  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Holton. 

Lar'kinsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co,.  111.,  in  Larkins- 
burg  township,  on  the  Springfield  &  Illinois  Southeastern 
Railroad,  92  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 976. 

Lar'kin's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Iiar'kinsville,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Hunts- 
ville. 

liark'spuF)  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Denver.  _ 

Larks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  church. 

Larne^  lam,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  Lough 
Lame,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  17i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bel- 
fast. It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  sail-cloth,  and  ropes, 
with  bleaching-grounds  and  lime-works.     Pop.  3288. 

La-r'ned,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pawnee  oo.,  Kansas, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Pawnee  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  106 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  and  corn- and  grain-mills. 
Building-stone,  potter's  clay,  and  ochre  are  found  here. 
Pop.  1861.    See  Fort  Larned. 

li  arnica,  or  Larneca,  laR'ne-k3,  (anc.  Citium),  a 
town  of  Cyprus,  near  its  S.  coast,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Lefkosia, 
Pop.  6000.  It  has  a  citadel,  large  cisterns,  and  numerous 
other  vestiges  of  antiquity.  Its  port  is  much  frequented, 
and  it  is  the  residence  of  many  consuls  and  merchants. 

La  Roccella,  14  rot-chSl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Gerace.     Pop.  5098. 

Laroche,  li^rosh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxem- 
bourg, on  the  Ourthe,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bastogne. 

Iia  Roche,  14  rosh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  5  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bonneville,  on  the  Arve.     Pop.  186r. 

La  Roche-Beaacourt,  14  rosh'-bo^kooR',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Dordogne,13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Non- 
tron.     Pop.  of  commune,  1006. 

La  Roche- Chalais,  14  rosh'-sh&U4',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Dordogne,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Riberac,  on  the  railway 
from  Tours  to  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1049. 

La  Rochefoucauld,  14  rosh^foo^ko',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Charente,  on  the  Tardoire,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Angoul^me. 
Pop.  2378.     It  has  distilleries  and  tanneries. 

La  Rochelle,  14  ro^shfiU',  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Charente-Inf6rieure, 
on  the  Atlantic,  nearly  midway  between  Nantes  and  Bor- 
deaux. It  is  295  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Paris.  Lat.  of  tower, 
46°  9'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  9'  16"  W.  Pop.  23,924.  It  is  entered 
by  seven  gates ;  the  streets  are  mostly  bordered  by  arcades. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  town  hall,  ex- 
change, courts  of  justice,  hospital,  arsenal,  docks,  and  a 
good  bathing-establishment.  An  inner  harbor  opens  from 
an  outer  port,  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  from  400  to 
500  tons ;  the  roadstead  is  protected  by  the  islands  of  R6 
and  016ron.  La  Rochelle  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  capital 
of  a  military  division.  It  has  a  diocesan  seminary,  school 
of  navigation,  a  public  library  of  25,000  volumes,  a  botanic 
garden,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  manufactures  of  glass, 
earthenware,  and  cotton  twist,  sugar-refineries,  building- 
docks,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  wines,  brandies,  and  colo- 
nial produce.  In  the  religious  wars  it  was  long  a  strong- 
hold of  the  Protestants ;  but  it  was  finally  taken  by  Louis 
XIIL  in  1628.  ^ 

La  Roche-Posay,  14  rosh'-po'zi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Vienne,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gartempe  with  the 
Creuse,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ch4tellerault.     Pop.  1504. 


La  Roche- sur- Yon,  14  ro8h-sUR-y6N»,  formerly 
Bourbon-Vendue  and  NapoI^on-Vend^e,  a  towo 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Vendue,  on  the 
Yon,  46  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Nantes.  It  is  built  on  a  regular 
plan,  with  wide  streets,  and  contains  a  town  hall,  a  large 
prefecture,  a  theatre,  a  public  library,  a  college,  a  hospital, 
and  a  normal  school.  It  has  breweries,  nurseries,  and 
manufactures  of  hats,  flour,  wax  candles,  <fcc.     Pop.  9021. 

La  Rochette,  14  ro^shSt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Saroy, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Chamb6ry,  on  the  Gelon.     Pop.  1228. 

La  Roda,  14  ro'B4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Albacete.  Pop.  5610.  It  is  celebrated  foi 
its  defence  against  the  Carlists  in  1840. 

Laroles,  14-ro'lds,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
about  50  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1463. 

Larone,  la-ron',  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about 
6  miles  S.  of  Skowhegan. 

La  Roque,  14  rok,  a  headland  of  France,  in  Seine-In- 
f^rieure,  on  the  Seine  estuary,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pont- 
Audemer. 

La  Roquebrou,  14  rok^broo',  a  town  of  France,  ia 
Cantal,  on  the  C6re,  12  miles  W.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1472. 

La  Roquebrussane,  14  rok^brUs^s4n',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Var,  15  miles  N.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1320. 

La  Rose,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  111.,  in  Belle 
Plain  township,  on  the  Chicago  <&  Alton  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Lar'rabee,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  oo..  Wis.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Manitowoc. 

Larrabee,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.    Pop.  764. 

Lar'rabee's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co., 
Yt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  nearly  opposite  Ticonderoga,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Middlebury,  and  on  the  Addison  Railroad^ 
which  here  crosses  the  lake  by  a  bridge. 

Larrack,  island,  Persian  Gulf.    See  Larek. 

Larraga,  laR-R4'g4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  2(^ 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1712. 

Lar'ry's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
in  Piatt  township,  2  miles  from  Jersey  Shore.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Much  lumber  is 
shipped  here. 

La  Rue,  1^-ru',  a  county  near  the  middle  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oo 
the  N.E.  by  the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad  passes  along  the  W.  border, 
and  a  branch  of  the  Newport  News  &  Mississippi  Valley 
Railroad  connects  with  Hodgensville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8235;  in  1880,  9793;  in  1890,  9433. 

Larue,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Bellefontaine 
with  Gallon,  14  miles  W.  of  Marion.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  door-  and  sash- 
factory,  and  bent-wood-works.     Pop,  948. 

Laruns,  14^rilK"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- Pyr^n^es,. 
22  miles  S.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1640. 

Larvego,  laR-v4'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  3999. 

Larvigen,  a  town  of  Norway.    See  Laurvio. 

Lar'will,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the- 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 

La  Sal,  a  post-office  of  Pi  Ute  co.,  Utah. 

Lasalle,  l4^s4r,  a  village  of  France,  in  Gard.  It  has 
manufactures  of  bonnets  and  flowers.     Pop.  1934. 

La  Salle,  a  village  of  France.     See  Decazeville. 

La  Salle,  la  s4ll,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  1152  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Fox  and 
Vermilion  Rivers,  which  enter  the  Illinois  in  this  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie,  and  the  deficiency  of 
timber  is  compensated  by  an  abundance  of  bituminous  coal. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  horses,  cattle,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone  and  Trenton  lime- 
stone covered  with  a  thick  deposit  of  drift  underlie  a  large 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  contains  the  cities  of  Ottawa, 
La  Salle,  Mendota,  Streator,  and  Peru.  It  is  intersected 
by  several  railroads, — the  Illinois  Central,  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  <fc  Quincy,  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  h  Pacific, 
and  the  Chicago  &,  Alton, — which  afford  excellent  travelling, 
facilities  for  all  sections  of  the  county.  Capital,  Ottawa. 
Pop.  in  1870,  60,792;  in  1880,  70,403;  in  1890,  80,798. 


LAS 


1613 


LAS 


Ija  Salle,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  1460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio 
Prio  and  Rio  Nuecci,  which  run  nearly  southeastward. 
The  soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle.  Capital, 
Cotulla.     Pop.  in  1870,  69;  in  1880,  789;  in  1890,  2139. 

La  SallC)  a  city  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy 
Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  99  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  60  miles  N.  of  Bloomington,  and  15 
miles  W,  of  Ottawa.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this 
place,  which  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Illinois  Canal.  It  con- 
tains a  national  bank,  a  manufactory  of  glass,  2  high  schools, 

2  Catholic  academies,  3  newspaper  offices,  9  churches,  clock- 
works, Portland  cement-works,  ornamental  pressed-brick 
factory,  sulphuric-acid-works,  a  brewei-y,  2  zinc-rolling- 
mills,  and  3  zinc-smelting-furnaces.  Coal  is  mined  hero. 
Pop.  in  1890,  9855. 

Jja  Salle,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Monroe.     It  has  2  churches. 

La  Salle,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Niagara  River,  5  miles  above  the  cataract,  on  the  Buffalo 
«fc  Lewistown  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 

3  churches,  2  academies,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 

La  Salvetat,  13,  sS,rv§h-t3,',  a  town  of  France,  Avey- 
ron,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  of  commune,  3436. 

La  Salvetat,  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  8  miles  N. 
of  Saint-Pons.     Pop.  of  commune,  3656. 

Las  Animas,  lis  dn'e-mis,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Colorado,  borders  on  New  Mexico.  Area,  4700  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Purgatory  River,  and  drained 
by  the  Apishapa  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  the  county  being  a  part  of  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  also  contains  large 
plains  adapted  to  pastoral  pursuits.  The  Denver  <fc  Rio 
Grande  Railroad  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  traverse 
this  county.  Wheat,  wool,  and  Indian  corn  are  staples. 
The  hills  contain  a  vast  quantity  of  coal  and  iron  ore.  Coal 
is  found  in  the  Raton  Mountains.  Capital,  Triuidad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4276;  in  1880,  8903;  in  1890,  17,208. 

Las  Animas,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Bent  co., 
Col.,  is  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  Fort  Lyon,  87 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Pueblo.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  flour-mills. 
Pop.  in  1890,  611. 

Las'ater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Tex.,  on  a  rail- 
road, 12  miles  W.  of  Jefferson. 

La  Sauvagere,  ]&,  soVi^zhain',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Orne,  arrondissement  of  Domfront.    P.  2040. 

La  Scie,  13,  see,  a  fishing  station  on  the  French  shore, 
Vewfoundland,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Tilt  Cove.  It  has  a 
good  harbor. 

Las  Colo'uias,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co.,  N.Mex. 

Las  Cruces,  13s  kroo'sSs,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Barbara 
CO.,  Cal. 

Las  Cruces,  lis  kroo'sSs,  a  post- village  of  Donna  Ana 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  nearly 
opposite  Mesilla.  It  has  a  Catholic  academy,  a  church,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Wine  is  made  here.     Pop.  1304. 

Las  Desertas,  Portugal.    See  Deseetas. 

La  Seca,  13,  si'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  19 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  3509. 

La  Selle,  13  si\,  a  village  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  4 
miles  W.  of  Craon,     Pop.  1460. 

Lasellsville,  Fulton  co.,  N.T.    See  Lassellsville. 

La  Serena,  a  town  of  Chili.     See  Coquimbo. 

La  Serradilla,  13  s^R-ni-Deel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  province  and  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1650. 

Las^gird',  a  fortified  village  of  Persia,  province  of 
Khorassan,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Simnan. 

Lasheeu,  la-sheen',  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Lashley's  Cross  Roads,  N.C.    See  New  Hill. 

La  Sieur,  a  township  of  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.    P.  2004. 

Lask,  or  Lask'o,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  48 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Grabowka.     Pop.  4062. 

Laskafalu,  lish'kSh^fShHoo',  or  Laskafeld,  lis'ki- 
f5lt\  a  village  of  Hungary,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Darda. 

Las'kay,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Humbef  River,  2i  miles  from  King. 

Lasko,  lish'ko,  a  village  of  Hungary,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Eszek.     Pop.  1276. 

Las  Minas  de  Rio  Tinto,  lis  mee'n&s  di  ree'o 
teen'to  {i.e.,  "the  mines  of  the  Rio  Tinto"),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva. 
Pop.  1687.  Near  it  are  mines  of  iron,  lead,  and  copper, 
wmch  have  been  worked  from  a  very  t>.n,rly  period. 


Las  Nuevitas,  lis  nwi-vee'tis,  or  Pfuevitas  del 
Principe,  nwi-vee'tis  dfil  prin'se-pi  (or  preen'se-ni),  a 
town  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cuba,  52  miles  by  rail  E.  oy  N. 
of  Puerto  Principe,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  The  harbor  is 
about  15  miles  in  length  by  half  as  much  in  breadth;  its 
entrance  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile  across.     Pop.  2248. 

L£Lsde,  li'sb^^h,  or  Lessoe,  iSs'so-^h,  an  island  of 
Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Jutland. 
Lat.  57°  18'  N.;  Ion.  11°  E.     Length,  13  miles. 

Las  Pal  mas,  lis  pil'mis,  a  city  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Gran  Canaria,  formerly  capital  of  the  Canary 
Islands.  It  is  overlooked  by  two  lofty  nills,  and  traversed 
from  E.  to  W.  by  the  small  river  Guiniguada.  Las  Palmaa 
is  the  largest,  most  beautiful,  and  most  populous  town  in 
the  Canaries.  The  houses  are  large,  with  terraced  roofs 
and  balconies;  and  the  streets  are  remarkably  neat  and 
beautifully  paved.  There  is  a  fine  alameda  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  and  three ,  outside  the  walls.  The  town  has  a 
theatre,  the  audtencia  in  the  buildings  formerly  occupied 
by  the  Inquisition,  a  cathedral,  a  gigantic  mole,  3  churches 
and  a  chapel,  6  convents,  10  hermitages,  a  general  hospital, 
a  hospital  for  elephantiasis,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  foundling 
hospital,  a  magdalen  asylum,  an  academy  of  design,  an 
aqueduct,  an  institute  for  the  higher  branches  of  education, 
with  a  rector  and  20  professors  and  masters,  a  seminario, 
where  the  classics,  theology,  and  other  sciences  are  taught, 
and  which  is  resorted  to  from  all  the  islands,  a  literary 
and  musical  society,  boards  of  commerce  and  agriculture, 
and  2  libraries.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  delft,  wool- 
lens, glass,  leather,  linens,  flour,  and  sailing-tackle ;  but  the 
principal  branches  of  industry  are  ship-building,  fishing, 
and  navigation,  and  some  trade  with  the  neighboring 
islands,  the  West  Indies,  and  Europe.  It  is  also  called 
Puerto  de  la  Luz.     Pop.  12,512. 

Las  Pedrofieras,  lis  pi-nron-yi'ris,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3417. 

La  Spezia,  li  spfid'ze-i,  sometimes  written  Specia, 
a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  in  Liguria,  at  the  head  of  the 
Bay  of  Spezia,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  8i  miles  W. 
of  Sarzana,  and  about  50  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  24,127.  It  is  finely  situated.  The  principal  edifices 
are  a  citadel,  an  ancient  castle  of  the  Visconti,  and  a  great 
naval  arsenal.  It  has  one  of  the  largest  and  best  harbors 
in  Europe,  and  is  an  important  naval  station.  Among  the 
chief  exports  are  olive  oil,  paving-stones,  and  wine. 

Las  Pilas,  lis  pee'lis,  a  volcano  of  Nicaragua,  N.W. 
of  Leon  Lake.     Height,  3985  feet. 

Lassa,  or  H'Lassa,  h'lis'si  {i.e.,  "land  of  the  divine 
intelligence"),  the  capital  city  of  Thibet,  and  residence  of 
the  Grand  Lama,  on  an  affluent  of  the  San-Poo.  Lat.  29° 
30'  N.;  Ion.  91°  40'  E.  Pop.  25,000.  It  has  handsome 
streets,  numerous  towers,  bazaars,  and  temples.  The  great 
temple  of  Booddha,  also  the  residence  of  the  Grand  Lama, 
the  pontifical  sovereign  of  Thibet  and  East  Asia,  is  a  vast 
square  edifice,  covering,  with  its  precincts,  many  acres,  its 
centre  being  surmounted  by  a  gilded  dome ;  contiguous  to 
it,  on  its  four  sides,  are  four  celebrated  monasteries,  greatly 
resorted  to  by  the  Chinese  and  Mongols  as  schools  of  the 
Booddhic  religion  and  philosophy.  The  interior  of  the  tem- 
ple is  said  to  be  full  of  idols,  treasure,  and  works  of  art. 
The  offerings  are  enormous ;  and  the  Lama  is  said  to  be  the 
most  opulent  individual  in  existence.  Lassa  is  a  place  of 
large  trade  in  silk,  wool,  goats'  hair,  woollen,  cashmere, 
and  linen  fabrics,  velvets,  assafoetida,  bezoar,  fruits,  bul- 
lion, and  precious  stones;  its  commerce  extends  to  India, 
China,  and  many  parts  of  Central  Asia,  and  its  lapidaries, 
workers  in  metals,  and  engravers  equal  the  Chinese. 

Lassa,  Arabia.    See  Lahsa. 

Lassan,  lis'sin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Stralsund,  on  the  Peene.     Pop.  2417. 

Lassay,  lis^si',  a  town  of  France,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Mayenne.     Pop.  1576. 

Las'sellsTilIe,  or  Las'ellsville,  a  post-village  of 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ephratah  township,  36  miles  E.  of 
Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  3  stores,  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  mittens,  and  40  dwellings. 

Las'sen,  a  large  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  California, 
borders  on  Nevada.  It  is  drained  by  the  Pitt  and  Susan 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  is  diversified  by 
arid  plains  overgrown  with  sage,  or  artemtsia,  and  several 
lakes,  among  which  is  Honey  Lake.  The  S.  and  S.W.  part 
of  the  county  is  occupied  by  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, which  are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  partly  fertile,  but  it  comprises  ex- 
tensive plains  of  barren  sand.  Barley,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silver  is  found  in  this 
county.     The  Nevada,  California  &  Oregon  Railroad  trav- 


LAS 


1014 


LAT 


erses  part  of  the  S.E.  portion  of  this  county.  Area,  4890 
square  miles.  Capital,  Susanville.  Pop.  in  1870,  1327  j 
in  1880,  3340 ;  in  1890,  4239. 

Lassen's  Peak,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  on  the  boundary  between  Plumas  and  Shasta  cos. 
It  is  sometimes  called  Mount  Lassen.  Its  latitude  is  40° 
28'  N.,  and  its  altitude  19,577  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  It  is  of  voloanio  origin,  and  is  partly  composed  of 
lava  and  trachyte. 

Lasseube,  lio^sub',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyrgn6es,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oloron.     Pop.  2541. 

Las'siter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

li'Assomptiou,  ia^^sdN°^se-6N°',  a  river  of  Quebec, 
takes  its  rise  in  rear  of  Joliette  co.,  and,  following  a  ser- 
pentine course  of  over  100  miles  through  a  mountainous 
country,  discharges  itself  into  the  St.  Lawrence  above  the 
village  of  Repentigny.  It  is  navigable,  and  much  timber 
is  sent  down  it.     It  abounds  with  fish. 

L'Assomption,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  158,761  acres. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Mascouche,  Achigan,  and  L'Assomption 
Rivers.     Capital,  L'Assomption.     Pop.  15,473. 

ij'Assomption,  the  chief  town  of  L'Assomption  eo., 
Quebec,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  L'Assomption  River, 
24  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  about  20  stores,  a 
college,  and  a  church.  Steamers  run  daily,  in  summer,  be- 
tween Montreal  and  L'Assomption.     Pop.  1210, 

Ijas^soor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, district  of  Candeish,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Choprah. 

Lass'wade,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Edinburgh,  with  coal-  and  iron-mines,  carpet-works  and 
other  factories,  and  fine  villas.    Pop.  1258 ;  of  parish,  7098. 

Last  Chance,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  6  tailes  S.E.  of  Woodburn.   It  has  a  church. 

Lastobon,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lagosta. 

JLastocz,  lS.sh'tots\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zem- 
plin.     Pop.  1148. 

Lastomer,  lisHo^maiR',  or  Lasztomir,  lisHo^meeR', 
a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Laborcz,  3  miles  from  Nagy- 
Mihaly.     Pop.  1342. 

Lastra,  I3,s'trll,  or  Gangalandi,  g&n-gi-l&n'dee,  a 
village  of  Tuscany,  5  miles  W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Amo. 
Pop.,  including  Signa,  10,276.  It  has  important  manufac- 
tures of  straw  hats. 

Lastres,  lis'trSs,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Asturias, 
32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Las  Vegas,  lis  vi'gis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San 
Miguel  CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
FS  Railroad,  about  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  F6.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  fertile  country,  in  which  limestone  and 
gypsum  are  found.  Three  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Las  Vegas  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  public  and  other  schools, 
a  convent,  <fec.  About  3,000,000  pounds  of  wool  are  annually 
exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2385. 

Las^war'ee,  a  village  of  India,  province  of  Delhi,  on 
a  stream  of  the  same  name,  66  miles  N.W.  of  Agra,  mem- 
orable for  a  battle  fought  in  its  vicinity  in  1803,  when  the 
British  defeated  the  troops  of  Dowlet  Row  Scindia. 

Lasztomir,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Lastomer. 

Laszyn,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Lessex. 

Lata,  li'ti\  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pashalic  and 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Van. 

La  Tacunga,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Tacunga. 

Latakeea,  or  Latakieh,  liHa-kee'a,  written  also 
Ladikiaand  Ladikiyeh,l3,'de-kee'y§h  '{a,no.  Laodioe' a 
ad  Ma're),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  70  miles  N.  of  Tripoli, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  in  lat.  35°  30'  N.,  Ion.  35°  48'  E. 
Pop.  about  10,000.  It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower 
town,  separated  by  gardens.  The  lower  town,  which  is  the 
principal  resort  of  the  seafaring  population,  borders  on  a 
well-sheltered  but  shallow  harbor,  having  on  its  N.  side  a 
ruined  castle.  Hero  are  the  custom-house  and  several 
large  warehouses.  The  upper  town,  dilapidated  by  re- 
peated earthquakes,  has  narrow  and  irregular  streets,  flat- 
roofed  stone  houses,  several  Greek  churches  and  mosques,  a 
Roman  triumphal  arch,  and  many  remains  of  the  ancient 
city.  Principal  exports,  tobacco  of  the  finest  quality,  cot- 
ton, wax,  scammony,  and  sponge.  Imports,  sugar,  coffee, 
■pioes,  cotton  twist,  printed  goods,  and  woollens. 

Latakoo,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Lattakoo. 
Latcha,  or  Latscha,  li'chi,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  oval-shaped,  22 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  12  miles  broad. 

Latch'a,  or  Latch'ie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0., 
in  Lake  township,  on  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  &  Lake 
Michigan  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 


La  Teche,  1&  tash,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  parish. 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Teche,  3  miles  N.  of  Franklin. 
It  has  a  church,  an  orphans'  home,  and  a  sugar-mill. 

Latera,  li-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.  of  Acqua- 
pendente.     Pop.  1213. 

Laterina,  li-t4-ree'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Arezzo,  on  the  Amo,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1230. 

Laterri^re,  liH5r^r?-air',  or  Grand  Brule,  grin* 
brilHi',  a  post-village  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  12  milea 
S.  of  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  225. 

Laterza,  li-tdRd'zi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  5318. 

Late's  Mines,  a  station  in  Harrison  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Clarksburg. 

La  Teste-de-Buch,  li  tfist-d§h-biiah,  a  town  of 
France,  Gironde,  in  the  heaths,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Bas- 
sin  d'Arcachon,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux  by  railway. 
It  is  a  sea-bathing  place,  and  has  considerable  trade,  and 
manufactures  of  resin,  oil  of  turpentine,  <fcc.     Pop.  4596. 

La'tham,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  111.,  on  the  Pekin 
Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miloe  N.W.  of  Decatur 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Latham,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa. 

Latham,  or  Stephentown  Centre,  a  village  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stephentown  township,  2  mile* 
from  Stephentown  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  brush-fac- 
tory, 4  turning-shops  which  make  brush-handles,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  35  houses. 

Latham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Mifflin  town- 
ship, about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Latham,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Ore- 
gon &  California  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City. 

Latham,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  101  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City. 

La'tham  Island,  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  lat.  6°  54' 
S.,  Ion.  40°  E.,  is  1000  feet  in  length.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

Lat'ham's,  a  post-office  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C. 

Latham  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.^ 
8  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg  Station. 

La'throp,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  oo.,  Cal.,  at 
the  junction  of  three  railroads,  and  on  the  San  Joaquin 
River,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Stockton,  and  58  miles  S.  of 
Sacramento.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Lathrop,  Delta  co.,  Mich.    See  Centreville. 

Lathrop,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo..  Mo.,  in  Lathrop 
township,  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  35 
miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890, 1082 ;  of  the  township,  2566. 

Lathrop,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  24 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Scranton.     Pop.  of  township,  983. 

Lathrop,  a  station  on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  &  An- 
trim Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Lawrenceville,  Pa. 

Latiano,  Il-te-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 
14  miles  S.  of  Brindisi.     Pop.  5953. 

Latins,  liHee^yi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vienne.  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1346. 

Lat'imer,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co,,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic 
and  Great  Western  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Youngs- 
town  &  Andover  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14 
miles  E.  of  Warren,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Youngstown. 

Lat'imore,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1230. 

Latimore  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Cone 
wago  in  Adams  coJ 

Latisana,  li-te-si'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  23  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  4913. 

Latium,  Italy.    See  Cawpagxa  di  Roma. 

Lato'na,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  111. 

Latopolis,  thfe  ancient  name  of  Esneh. 

Latorcza,  loh'toRt'soh\  a  river  of  Hungary,  joins  tne 
Bodrogh  a  little  above  Zemplin.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

La  Tortue,  13,  toRHU',  a  post- village  in  Laprairie  co., 
Quebec,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Laprairie.     Pop.  100. 

La  Tour  d'Aigues,  IJ,  tooR  daig,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Vaueluse,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Pertuis.     Pop.  1666. 

La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  1&  tooR  dSVaiRn',  a  market* 
town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D8me,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Clermont- 
Ferrand.     Pop.  758. 

La  Tour  de  Cordouan,  IS,  tooB  d?h  korMoo-Ah"^ 
a  light-house  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde,  on  a  rock,  the 
remnant  of  the  island  of  Antros,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bor- 
deaux.    The  light-house  is  207  feet  in  elevation. 

La  Tour  de  France,  li  tooR  d§h  fr5Nss,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Per* 
pignan.     Pop.  1259. 


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1615 


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La  Tour  de  Peil,  1&  tooR  d^h  pil,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Ge- 
neva, 1  mile  S.E.  of  Vevay.     Pop.  1212. 

La  Tour  du  Pin,  1&  toou  dii  pino,  a  village  of  France, 
in  IsSre,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lyons.  Pop.  2731.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  manufactures  of  silk  and  leather. 

La  Trappe,  li  tripp,  a  famous  Benedictine  convent 
of  France,  department  of  Orne,  near  Soligny,  6  miles  N.  of 
Mortagne.  It  was  founded  in  1140,  suppressed  at  the  revo- 
lution of  1789,  but  restored  to  the  order  in  1815. 

La  Trinity,  the  French  name  of  Trinidad. 

Latrobe,  la-trob',  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Sacramento  Valley  &  Placerville  Railroad,  38  miles 
E.  of  Sacramento. 

Latrobe,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lincoln.    It  has  ^  churches. 

Latrobe,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Latrobe,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
Loyalhanna  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ligonier  Valley  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  a  paper-mill,  a  convent,  St.  Vincent's  College,  car- 
works,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  Ac.     P.  (1890)  3589. 

Latrobe  River,  the  largest  stream  in  Gipps'  Land, 
Victoria,  Australia,  rises  in  the  S.  ranges  of  the  Baw-Baw 
Mountains,  near  lat.  37°  50'  S.  It  flows  first  S.  through  a 
mountainous  country,  then  E.  through  a  level  region,  and 
falls  into  Lake  AYellington.     Length,  90  miles. 

Latronico,  li-tron'e-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3177. 

Latscha,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Latcha. 

Lattai,  l&t'ti,  Latte,  l&t'tee,  or  Lette,  iSt'tee,  one 
of  the  Feejee  Islands.     Lat.  18°  49'  S.;  Ion.  174°  35'  W. 

LatUakoo',  or  Lat^akoo',  written  also  Litakou, 
a  populous  town  of  South  Africa,  Bechuana  country.  Lat. 
27°  10'  S.;  Ion.  24°  30'  E.  Old  Lattakoo  is  33  miles 
northeastward.     See  Mashow. 

Lat'ta-Lat'ta  Isles,  a  group  in  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo.  Lat.  0°  15'  S. ;  ion.  178° 
33'  W.     The  largest  is  25  miles  in  circumference. 

Latta's,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Lattaville. 

Lat'tasburg,  a  post- village  of  Chester  township,  Wayne 
00.,  0.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  hotels,  and  2  stores. 

Latta's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Plainfibld. 

Lat'taville,  a  hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  about  14  miles  W. 
of  Chillicothe.     Post-office,  Latta's. 

Lat'tington,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.T.,  4  miles  from 
New  Hamburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Latt'ner's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Centre  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Peosta  Station,  and  14  miles 
W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Lat'ty,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
of  Burlington. 

Latty,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  294. 

Latzfons,  lits'fons,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle 
of  Botzen.     Pop.  1227. 

Latzhaza,  or  Laczhasa,  l3,ts'hoh^sSh\  a  \'illage  of 
Hungary,  22  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3632. 

Latzunas,  lit'zoon^nosh^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Temes,  18  miles  from  Versecz.     Pop.  1265. 

Laubach,  low'biK,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1724. 

Laubach,  law'bak,  a  hamlet  in  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Catasauqua.  It  has  a  union  church,  also  a  flour-mill  and 
cement-works. 

Lauban,  Idw'b&n,  or  Ltiben,  lii'b^n,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.  Pop.  10,076,  employed  in  manu- 
factures of  woollens,  cloth,  cotton,  bells,  linen,  and  tobacco. 

Laubendorf,  low'b^n-doRf,  or  Limberg,  lim'b^RG, 
a  village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  from  Bistrau.     Pop.  1420. 

Lauch,  losh,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  joins  the 
111  after  a  course  of  about  33  miles. 

Laucha,  Iow'kS,,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  2236. 

Lauchheim,  lowK'hime,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  circle 
of  Jaxt,  on  the  Jaxt  River.     Pop.  1226. 

Lanchst&dt,  ISwK'stfitt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Halle.     Pop.  1897. 

Laud,  lawd,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Landa,  ISw'di,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Tauber.     Pop.  1338. 


Laudeck,  Allen  co.,  0.    See  Landeck. 

Laudenbach,  ISw'd^n-biK^  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1404. 

Laudenbach,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of  Jaxt, 
bailiwick  of  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1070. 

Lauder,  law'd^r,  or  Leader,  lee'd^r,  a  river  of  Scot- 
land, Berwickshire,  falls  into  the  Tweed  near  Melrose. 

Lauder,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwick,  on  the 
Lauder,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  town  house, 
several  libraries,  and  a  branch  bank.  It  unites  with  Had- 
dington, &o.,  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.   Pop.  1046. 

Lauderdale  {i.e.,  the  "dale  or  valley  of  the  Lauder"), 
anciently  the  western  district  of  Berwickshire,  gives  the 
title  of  Earl  to  the  Maitland  family,  whose  spacious  and 
stately  castle  of  Thirlestane  adjoins  the  borough  of  Lauder. 

Lauderdale,  law'd§r-dale,  the  most  northwestern 
county  of  Alabama,  borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  682 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  navigable  Ten- 
nessee River,  and  is  drained  by  Cypress  and  Shoal  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  entered  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia &  Georgia  Railroad,  and  traversed  by  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Florence.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,091;  in  1880,  21,035;  in  1890,  23,739. 

Lauderdale,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chickasawha  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  several  affluents  of  the  same.  The  surface 
is  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Queen  &  Crescent, 
and  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroads,  all  of 
which  connect  with  Meridian,  the  capital  of  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,462;  in  1880,  21,501 ;  in  1890,  29,661. 

Lauderdale,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Hatchie  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Forked  Deer  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New- 
port News  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  the  county  from  N.  to  S.,  connecting  with  Ripley, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,838;  in  1880,  14,918;  in 
1890,  18,756. 

Lauderdale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Meridian.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Laudun,  loMiiN«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Uzes,  on  the  Tave.     Pop.  1710. 

Lauenburg,  low'5n-b6oRG\  a  district  of  Prussia,  for- 
merly a  duchy  under  the  King  of  Denmark,  but  annexed  to 
Germany  at  the  same  time  with  Sleswick  and  Holstein.  In 
1876  it  was  merged  in  Sleswick.  It  is  situated  between 
lat.  52°  21'  and  63°  48'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  13'  and  11°  3'  E., 
bounded  N.  by  Lubeck,  E.  by  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin,  S. 
by  the  Elbe,  and  W.  by  Holstein.  Area,  453  square  miles. 
It  has  a  population  of  about  50,000. 

Lauenburg,  the  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Elbe,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Delvenau,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 27  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  4626. 
It  has  ruins  of  a  castle,  a  custom-house,  and  an  extensive 
transit  trade. 

Lauenburg,  ISw'^n-boSRoS  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  68  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coslin,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Leba.  Pop.  7165.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  linens,  leather,  liquors,  hats,  &c. 

Lauf,  15wf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Nuremberg,  on  the  Pegnitz.  Pop.  3298,  with  manufac- 
tures of  wire,  brass,  needles,  and  plate-glass. 

Laufach,  15w'f&K,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  ^  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Aschafifenburg.     Pop.  1031. 

Laufen,  ISw'f^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Salsaoh,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  2149. 

Laufien,  or  Laufen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heilbronn.  Pop.  3418.  It  hoM 
3  churches,  a  convent,  and  a  palace. 

Lauffen,  lSwf'f§n  (Fr.  Lauffon,  l5rfdH«'),  a  walled 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bern, 
on  the  Birs.     Pop.  1226. 

Lauffen  am  Neckar,  Wiirtemberg.    See  Lauffen. 

Lauffenburg,  ISwf'f^n-bSSRo',  or  Klein  Laufen- 
*»nrg,  kline  I6w'f§n-bo6KG^,  a  village  in  the  S.E.  part  of 


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1616 


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Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  opposite  the  village  of  Laufenburg 
in  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  to  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  wooden  bridge  just  above  the  cataract  of  Laufen. 

Langharne,  law'ham,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  co. 
and  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carmarthen,  on  the  estuary  of  the 
TafiF  and  Towy.  The  town,  which  is  remarkably  well  built, 
has  the  ruins  of  a  castle,  and  is  much  resorted  to  in  summer 
by  visitors.     Pop,  of  parish,  1742. 

Laaghery,  I6h'h§r-e,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1874. 

Laaghery  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  nearly  southward 
through  Ripley  co.,  then  northeastward,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  Dearborn  and  Ohio  cos.,  until  it  enters 
the  Ohio  River  2  or  3  miles  below  Aurora.  It  is  nearly  75 
miles  long. 

Laughlan  (15H'lan)  Islands,  a  group  of  nine  low 
islets  in  the  South  Pacific,  E.  point  in  lat.  9°  19'  3"  S.,  Ion. 
153°  48'  40"  E. 

Laaghlin,  l5H'lin,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Connells- 
ville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Laughlintown,  16H'lin-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
is  at  the  base  of  Laurel  Hill,  which  contains  coal  and  iron. 

lianheim,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg.     See  Laupheim. 

Laningen,  low'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
on  the  Danube,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Augsburg.  Pop.  3784. 
It  has  a  castle,  a  church  with  remarkable  sculptures,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Laujar,  Lauxar,  low-Haa',  or  Laiyar-de' Auda- 
rax,  16w-HaR'-d^-S,n-d9,-riH',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Almeira,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada.     Pop.  4435. 

Laumellum,'a  town  of  Italy.     See  Lohello. 

Laun,  lown,  or  LaTiny,  low'nee,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  3264. 

Launcestou,  l&ns'tgn,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Corn- 
wall, on  the  Kensey,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Tavistock,  and  about 
22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Plymouth,  to  which  a  railway  extends. 
It  is  built  on  a  steep  hill.  The  chief  buildings  are  the 
castle  founded  by  the  ancient  Cornish  princes,  and  formerly 
known  under  the  name  of  Castle  Terrible,  the  old  town 
gates,  the  ancient  church  built  of  granite,  the  grammar- 
school,  a  national  school,  guild  hall,  jail,  and  workhouse. 
It  has  also  a  library  and  a  philosophical  society.  It  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  4345. 

liaunceston,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Cornwall,  and  second 
town  of  Tasmania,  is  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the 
North  and  South  Esk  Rivers  with  the  Tamar,  28  miles  S.E. 
of  George  Town.  It  is  thriving,  and  has  important  traffic 
with  South  Australia  and  Victoria.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  a  spacious  church,  government  house,  court-house, 
jail,  barracks,  public  schools,  post-office,  and  bank.  Rail- 
ways extend  to  Hobart  Town  and  Deloraine.     Pop.  20,000. 

Laanch'ing,  a  post-village  in  King's  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  7  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

lia  Union,  \&  oo-n?-on',  a  town  of  Salvador,  Central 
America,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Fonseca,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Amapala,  at  the  foot  of  the  volcano  Conchagua. 
It  is  a  station  of  the  Pacific  Mail  route,  and  has  an  excel- 
lent and  spacious  port  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  3000. 

Ijauny,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Laun. 

liaupen,  ISw'pen,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
*11  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Bern,  on  the  Saane. 

LaupersAveil,16w'p§rs-'frile\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  14miles  from  Bern,  near  the  Emmen.  Pop.  2740. 

Laupheim,  low'f  ime,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Biberach.     Pop.  4322. 

Laur,  Jefferson  co..  111.    See  Williamsburg. 

Laura,  law'ra,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  8  miles  E.  of  Arcanum.     It  has  2  churches. 

Laura,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va. 

Lauracum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Layrac. 

Laura  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky. 

Lauraguais,  lo'ri'gi',  a  small  ancient  district  of 
France,  formerly  dependent  on  Languedoc,  and  now  in- 
cluded in  the  department  of  Tarn. 

Lauramie,  law'ra-me,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.  Pop.  2444.  It  contains  Clarkville,  Colburn,  Concord, 
and  Stockwell. 

Lauras,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Loras. 

Laura  (law'ra)  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Ark.,  4  miles  S.  of  Powhatan,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Minturn. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches, 

Lauratown,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.     P.  1117 

Lauraville,  law'ra-vil,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.! 
Md.,  about  7  miles  N.N,E.  of  Baltimore. 

Laureana,  low-ri-i'ni  (anc.  Borelloi),  a   town  of 


Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Nicotera.     Pop,  5807. 

Laurel,  law'r§l,  a  southeastern  county  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Rock  Castle  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Cumberland 
River,  which  touches  the  S,W.  part  of  the  county,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Laurel  Creek,  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital, 
London.    Pop.  in  1870,  6016 ;  in  1880,  9131 ;  in  1890, 13,747. 

Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co,,  Del.,  on  Broad 
Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  90  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
mington, and  6  miles  S.  of  Seaford.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  large  flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
fruit-baskets,  crates,  Ac.     Pop.  1080. 

Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in  Laurel 
township,  on  the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati 
&  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Connersville, 
and  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond,  It  has  4  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  foundry,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  741;  of  the  township,  1942. 

Laurel,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa. 

Laurel,  a  station  in  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  Railroad,  9  miles  S,  of  Riverton. 

Laurel,  formerly  Laurel  Factory,  a  post- village  of 
Prince  George's  co,,  Md.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Patuxent  River,  and  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Bal- 
timore A  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  Her* 
is  a  cotton-factory,  also  iron- works.     Pop.  1148. 

Laurel,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  456. 

Laurel,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 

Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  3  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River,  and  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  126, 

Laurel,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1343.  It 
contains  Gibsonville. 

Laurel,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa,,  on  the  Wilming- 
ton A  Reading  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Coatesville. 

Laurel,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peaoh 
Bottom  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E,  of  York, 

Laurel  Bloom'ery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  oo., 
Tenn,,  20  miles  S.  of  Abingdon,  Va.  It  has  a  bloomery  or 
manufactory  of  iron,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Laurel  BluflT,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co,,  Ky. 

Laurel  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 

Laurel  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Laurel  Creek,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal,,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  S,S,E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Laurel  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Laurel  Creek,  a  mountainous  township  of  Watauga 
CO.,  N.C.     Post-office,  Beech  Creek.     Pop.  585. 

Laurel  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Mineral  co,,  W.  Va. 

Laurel  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Laurel  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Laurel  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Laurel  Grove,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Laurel  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
16  miles  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop, 
a  foundry,  Ac. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  village  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  in  Farmers 
township,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 4i  miles  N.  of  Vermont,  Here  is  Table  Grove  Post- 
Office,  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  floor,  car- 
riages, and  ploughs. 

Laurel  Uill,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky.,  22  miles 
S.  of  Willard.     It  has  a  church. 

Laurel  Mill,  a  station  in  West  Feliciana  parish.  La., 
on  the  West  Feliciana  Railroad,  13  miles  N,  of  Bayou  Sara. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  village  in  Newtown  township.  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing  A  North  Side  Railroad,  2  miles 
E.  of  Hunter's  Point,  and  on  the  navigable  Newtown  Creek. 
It  has  a  church,  large  chemical  works,  a  white-plaster  fac- 
tory, marble-works,  and  extensive  docks  on  the  creek. 
Street-railways  connect  it  with  Brooklyn. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C,  Pop,  430. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  in 
Laurel  Hill  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  100 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.    Pop,  of  the  township,  2127. 

Laurel  Hill,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  mountain-ridge 
which  forms  the  boundary  between  Somerset  co.  on  the  E. 
or  S.E.  and  the  counties  of  Fayette  and  Westmoreland  on 
the  other  side.  It  extends  northward  into  Cambria  co. 
and  southward  into  West  Virginia.  The  part  which  is  in 
the  latter  state  is  called  Chestnut  Ridge,  Coal  is  found  in 
or  near  this  ridge. 


LAU 


1617 


LAU 


Ijaurel  Hill,  a  beautiful  cemetery,  situated  within  the 
•bartered  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Schuylkill,  SJ  miles  N.AV.  of  Independence  Hall. 
It  has  an  undulating  surface,  elevated  from  80  to  100  feet 
above  the  river,  which  greatly  contributes  to  its  beauty,  and 
its  grounds  are  tastefully  ornamented  with  winding  paths, 
groups  of  trees,  shrubbery,  and  flowers.  Many  elegant 
monuments  have  been  erected  here,  and  the  chapel  is  a  fine 
Gothic  building  within  the  enclosure, 

Ijaurel  Hill,  a  post-oflice  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Verona  Station. 

Laurel  Hill  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward 
in  Somerset  co.,  and  enters  the  Youghiogheny  River  at 
Confluence  Railroad  Station. 

Laurel  Iron- Works,  a  post- village  of  Monongalia 
*o.,  W.  Va.,  on  Cheat  River,  16  miles  E.  of  Morgantown. 
It  has  manufactures  of  iron,  nails,  &o. 

Laurel  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Laurel  Fork  <k  Sandhill  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Parkersburg. 

Laurell,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  992. 

Laurel  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahannock  co., 
Va.,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Culpeper.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Laurel  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,  W. 
Va.,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Laurel  Ridge,  Pennsylvania.     See  Chestnut  Ridge. 

Laurel  Ridge,  a  village  of  Burrillville  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  277. 

Laurel  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Connellsville,  Pa. 

Laurel  Run,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ashley. 

Laurel  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Marion,  Va. 

Laurelton,  law'rel-tgn,  a  post-village  of  Union  co., 
Pa.,  in  Hartley  township,  18  miles  W.  of  Lewisburg,  and 
1  mile  N.  of  Laurelton  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lewisburg 
Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Lewisburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry,  a 
coach-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Laurelville,  law'rel-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
in  Perry  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Laurel  Creek,  1  mile 
from  Adelphi,  and  10  miles  E,  of  Kingston  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Laurelville,  a  hamlet  of  Tyrone  township,  Blair  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Laurelville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
2i  miles  from  Mount  Pleasant,  and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.     It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lau'rence-Kirk,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co,  of  Kin- 
cardine, 10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Montrose.  Pop.  1531,  em- 
ployed in  linen-weaving  and  in  manufacture  of  snuff-boxes. 

Laurens,  law'r^nz,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  761  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Oconee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Palmetto  Creek,  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  pine,  Ac,  The  soil  is 
partly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  lumber,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Wrightsville  <fc  Tennille  and  Macon,  Dublin  &  Savan- 
nah Railroads.  Capital,  Dublin.  Pop.  in  1870,  7834;  in 
1880,  10,053;  in  1890,  13,747. 

Laurens,  a  county  in  the  N.W,  part  of  South  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N,E.  by  the  Ennoree  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Saluda,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Reedy  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Laurensville,  Pop.  in  1870,  22,536;  in  1880,  29,444;  in 
1890,  31,610. 

Laurens,  a  post- village  in  Laurens  township,  Otsego 
CO.,  N,Y.,  on  Otego  Creek,  9  miles  N,  of  Oneonta,  and  about 
75  miles  W,  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union 
school,  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-factory,  tannery,  Ac,  The  town- 
ship contains  6  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1874. 

Laurens,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  It  contains 
Laurens  Court-House.     Pop.  4289. 

Laurens  Court-House,  or  Laurensville,  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  about  75  miles  W,N,W. 
of  Columbia.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
female  college.     Pop.  in  1890,  2245, 

Laurens  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Macon. 

Laurentian  (law-ren'she-an)  Mountains,  or  Lau'- 


rentides,  a  range  of  mountains  of  Canada,  extending 
from  Labrador  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  a  distance  of  about  3500 
miles.  It  forms  the  watershed  separating  the  tributaries 
of  the  St,  Lawrence  from  those  of  Hudson's  Bay,  but  beyond 
the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  it  is  traversed  by  two  afflu- 
ents of  Hudson's  Bay,  the  Saskatchewan  and  the  Churchill, 
while  still  farther  on  it  becomes  the  limit  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  rivers,  dividing  their  sources  and  those  of  the  Back 
and  other  streams  for  800  miles  from  the  tributaries  of  the 
Mackenzie.  The  general  elevation  of  the  Laurentian  range 
is  from  1500  to  1600  feet;  some  peaks  about  the  Saguenay 
attain  a  height  of  4000  feet.  They  are  in  general  thickly 
clothed  with  wood,  the  prevailing  trees  on  the  summits  being 
evergreens,  while  hardwood  sometimes  abounds  on  the  lower 
elevations  and  in  the  valleys.  The  valleys  are  in  general 
not  very  wide,  and  many  of  them  hold  ponds  and  lakes. 
The  number  of  these  sheets  of  water,  great  and  small,  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  features  of  the  region.  The 
rocks  are  of  extremely  remote  geologic  era, 

Laurenzana,16w-r5n-z&'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.  It  has  a  good  trade,  though 
scarcely  accessible  except  by  mule-trains.     Pop.  6965. 

Lauria,  low're-3,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lagonegro.  Pop.  10,696.  It  consists  of  an  upper 
and  a  lower  town,  and  has  manufactures  of  coarse  linen. 

Lauriacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Lorris  and  Enns. 

Lauricocha,  ISw^re-ko'chi,  a  lake  of  Peru,  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Andes.  Lat.  10°  15'  S.;  Ion.  76°  10'  W. 
Length,  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  about  12  miles;  breadth,  not 
more  than  3  miles.     It  is  the  source  of  the  Maranon. 

Lauriere,  loVe-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1441. 

Laurin,  law'rin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Mon- 
tana, on  the  Ruby  River,  12  miles  from  Virginia  City.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Laurinburg,  law'rin-burg,  a  post-village  of  Richmond 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  95  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  and  some  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1357. 

Laurino,  16w-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno,  on 
the  Galore,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Diano.     Pop.  2460. 

Laurisheim,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Lorsch. 

Lau'riston,  or  Law'erston,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Stirling,  li  miles  E.  of  Falkirk.     Pop.  1310. 

Laurito,  16w-ree'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  1461. 

Laurium,law'r§-iim  orlaw-ri'um  (Gr.  Aavpiov,  Aavpeiov, 
modern  Gr.  pron.  liv'r^-on),  a  promontory  and  hill -range 
forming  the  S.E.  portion  of  Attica,  in  Greece.  The  ancient 
silver-  and  lead-mines  of  Laurium  were  very  important, 
and  their  scoriae  and  refuse  ores  are  still  smelted.  The 
mines  are  connected  with  the  port  of  Ergasteria  by  a  rail- 
way 7  miles  long.     Pop.  of  commune,  3700. 

Lauro,  low'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  2527. 

Laurona,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Liria. 

Lau^rot',  or  Little  Poolo  Laut  Islands,  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lat.  (N.  point)  4°  42'  S.;  Ion.  115°  55'  E. 

Laurvig,  16wR'vig\  or  Larvigen,  laR'vig-§n,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Norway,  on  the  Skager-Rack,  65  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Christiania.  Pop.  6317.  It  has  a  cannon-foundry, 
hardware-shops,  snuff-factories,  and  distilleries. 

Laury's  (law'r§z)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Allentown.     It  has  2  stores. 

Laus,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Laino. 

Lausanne,  lo^z&nn'  (It.  Loaanna,  ]o-s3.n'n&;  L.  Lau- 
aa'niuin,  Lauso'nium,  Lango'nius,  or  Lausan'na),  a  city  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  canton  of  Vaud,  half  a  mile 
from  Ouchy  (its  port,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva), 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Jura  Mountains,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 450  feet  above  the  lake,  and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva. 
Pop.  35,623.  It  stands  on  elevated  ground,  and  has  narrow 
and  iU-paved  streets,  but  some  good  edifices,  including  the 
finest  cathedral  in  Switzerland,  a  massive  castle,  a  hospital, 
lunatic  asylum,  penitentiary,  barracks,  and  theatre.  Its 
educational  institutions  comprise  an  academy,  a  school  for 
the  blind,  a  normal  school,  a  divinity  school,  military,  draw- 
ing, and  other  schools,  numerous  literary  societies,  and  col- 
lections of  art  and  sciences.  Manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  paper,  leather,  and  jewelry  are  carried  on.  It  has 
good  inns,  several  public  baths,  libraries,  an  English  chapel, 
Ac,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  good  society.  Voltaire, 
Haller,  Tissot,  and  Byron  resided  here;  and  here  Gibbon 
wrote  the  latter  half  of  his  "  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Empire."     It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see. 


LAU 


1618 


LAV 


Lausanne,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1416. 

Lausigk,  ISw'zik,  a  town  of  Saxony,  18  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Leipsic.  Pop.  3578.  It  has  manufoctures  of  woollens 
and  linens,  mineral  baths,  and  lignite-mines. 

Lansitz,  Germany.     See  Lusatia. 

Lans  Pompeia,  the  ancient  name  of  Lodi  Vecchio. 

Laussonne,  los^sonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1552. 

Laut,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.  See  Poolo  Laut. 
This  word  is  also  appended  to  the  names  of  various  Malay 
islands,  as  in  Ceram  Laut,  Timor  Laut,  Ac.  In  such  ex- 
araples  it  signifies  "  seaward." 

Lautenbach,  low't§n-b4K\  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Oberkirch.     Pop.  1328. 

Laatenburg,  ISw't^n-boSRoS  Lidzborg,  lits'boRO, 
or  Lacborg,  llk'boRG,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  3734. 

Lantenthal,  low't^n-tar,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clausthal,  in  the  Harz.    Pop.  2535. 

Lanter,  15w't§r,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  forming 
in  part  of  its  course  the  boundary  between  Bavaria  and 
Alsace,  joins  the  Rhine  below  Lauterburg.  Length,  44  miles. 

Lauter,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Schwarzenberg.     Pop.  2601. 

Lauterbach,  ISw't^r-biK^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fulda,  with  factories  and  paper- 
jnills.     Pop.  3181. 

Lauterbach,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau, 
0  miles  N.W.  of  Zoblitz.     Pop.  1436. 

Lauterbach,  or  Lyderbach,  lee'd^r-biK^  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  on  the  Lauczka,  5  miles  from  Leitomischl. 

Lauterbach,  a  free  mining  town  of  Bohemia,  6  miles 
S.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  2400. 

Lauterberg,  low'teR-b8R6\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
OTer,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Clausthal,  with  mines  of  iron  and 
coal.     Pop.  3906. 

Lauterbrunnen,  16w't?r-br5on^n§n,  or  Lauter- 
bruun,  lSw't§r-broon\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  33  miles  S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1857.    See  Staubbach. 

Lauterburg,  low't§r-bS6RG^  (anc.  Leu'tree  Ccutrumf 
Ft.  Lauterbourg,  loHjR^booR'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Al- 
sace, on  the  Lauter,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Rhine,  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  1932.  It  has  iron-works 
and  potash-factories. 

Lauterecken,  ISw't^r-Sk^k^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, at  the  junction  of  the  Lauter  with  the  Glan,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1215. 

Lauven,  15w'v§n,  a  river  of  Norway,  which  rises  in 
Mount  Harteigen,  passing  the  town  of  Kongsberg  (1  mile 
above  which  it  forms  a  magnificent  fall),  turns  almost  due 
S.,  and  falls  into  the  fiord  at  Laurvig  after  an  indirect 
course  of  at  least  200  miles.  Its  mouth  forms  one  of  the 
finest  harbors  of  Norway.  In  its  course  it  expands  into 
numerous  lakes,  but  none  of  its  afiiuents  are  large. 

Lauwe,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Lawe. 

Lauwer  Zee,  low'^^r  zk,  a  gulf  of  the  North  Sea,  in 
the  Netherlands,  between  Friesland  and  Groningen,  stretch- 
ing inland  N.  to  S.  about  8  miles,  and  about  6  miles  broad. 

Lauxar,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Laujar. 

Lauzerte,  lo^zaiRt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Ga- 
ronne,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Moissac.     Pop.  1386. 

Lauzet,  or  Le  Lauzet,  leh  lo^zi',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Basses-Alpes,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Digne.     Pop.  904. 

Lauzon,  1o*z6no',  or  St.  Joseph  de  Levis,  s&n<» 
zho^zef  dfh  14Vee',  a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  from  Levis.  It 
has  20  stores,  a  brewery,  a  ship-yard,  and  a  large  trade  in 
lumber  and  wood.  A  steam  ferry  runs  between  here  and 
Quebec.    Pop.  1847. 

Lauzun,  lo*z\iN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Qa- 
ronne,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1259. 

Lavaca,  li-vi'ki,  or  Lavacca,  a  county  in  the  S. 
part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Lavaca  and  Navidad  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hallettsville.  Pop.  in  1 870,  9168 :  in  1880,  13,641  ; 
in  1890,  21,887.    See  Port  Lavaca. 

Lavaca  Bay,  of  Texas,  is  principally  included  in 
Calhoun  co.     It  is  an  arm  of  Matagorda  Bay. 

Lavaca  River,  Texas,  drains  a  large  part  of  Lavaca 
00.,  runs  southward  through  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  La- 
vaca. Bay.     This  river  is  about  110  miles  long. 

Lavadores,  li-vi-no'rSs,  a  village  of  Spain,  about  14 
Uiiles  from  Pontevedra,  on  the  Cambeses.     Pop.  2715. 


Lavagna,  li-vin'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  IJ  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Chiavari,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Pop.  6888.  It  has 
great  slate-quarries. 

Lavagno,  li-vin'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  2800. 

Laval,  liVir  (L.  Laval'lum,  Val'lig  Guido'nitf),  a  town 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Mayenne,  on  the 
Mayenne,  45  miles  E.  of  Rennes,  and  186  miles  by  railroad 
W.S.W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  26,464.  It  is  on  a  steep  declivity, 
enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  comprises  an  old  quarter,  with 
narrow  tortuous  streets  and  overhanging  wooden  houses, 
and  a  new  quarter,  with  wide,  regular,  well-built  streets. 
Principal  buildings,  a  vast  castle,  now  a  prison,  a  curious 
Gothic  cathedral,  2  hospitals,  prefecture,  town  hall,  fine 
linen-hall,  theatre,  communal  college,  and  public  library. 
It  has  important  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  cotton 
handkerchiefs,  calico,  paper,  oil,  flour,  bleach-  and  dye- 
works,  tanneries,  marble-works,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  linen 
and  cotton  fabrics.  It  was  taken  by  the  English  in  1466, 
but  retaken  by  the  French  in  the  following  year.  It  suf- 
fered greatly  in  the  Vendean  war.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Laval,  a  county  of  Quebec.     See  Isle  Jesus. 

Laval,  or  Sainte  Brigitte  de  Laval,  s&Nt  bri'- 
zheet'  d§h  li^vil',  a  post- village  and  parish  in  Montmorency 
CO.,  Quebec,  19  miles  from  Quebec.     Pop.  763. 

La  Yaletta,  a  city  of  Malta.    See  Valetta. 

Lavalle,  la-val',  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Lavalle  township,  on  the  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  00  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  steam  stave-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  333;  of  the  township,  1367. 

La  Yallette,  IS,  v&Mitt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  A 
miles  N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1695. 

Lavaltrie,  liVilHree',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Montreal.     Pop.  250. 

Lavaltrie,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the 
above  village.     On  it  are  two  light-houses. 

Lavainund,  li'v4-m5Qnt\  a  market-town  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  on  the  Drave,  31  miles  E.  of  Klagenfurth. 

La  Yandola,  \h  vin-do'li,  the  mostE.  of  the  Admiralty 
Islands.     Lat.  2°  14'  S.;  Ion.  148°  10'  E. 

Lavansari,  14-v4n-sd,'ree\  an  island  of  Russia,  Gulf 
of  Finland,  70  miles  W.  of  Cronstadt.     Length,  4  miles. 

Lavans'ville,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Somerset,  and  about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Lavant,  14-vint',  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia,  joins 
the  Drave  at  Lavamund,  after  a  S.  course  of  40  miles. 

Lav'ant,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  enters 
Chichester  harbor  after  a  S.W.  course  of  10  miles. 

Lavant',  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  32  miles 
N.W.  of  Perth.     Near  here  copper  ore  is  found.     Pop.  100. 

Lavardac,  14^'aR^dik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  on  the  Raise,  16  miles  W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1507. 

Lavardens,  liVaRMftu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1060. 

Lavaur,  liVSR'  (anc.  Va'rium),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  on  the  Agout,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Albi.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  manufactures  of  silk,  and  nurseries  of  silk- 
worms, and  is  an  entrep&t  for  silk  goods.  In  the  thirteenth 
century  it  was  the  stronghold  of  the  Albigenses,  from  whom 
it  was  taken  in  1211  by  Simon  de  Montfort.     Pop.  4937. 

La  Ve'ga,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 

La  Vela,  14  v4'l4,  or  La  Vela  de  Coro,  14  v4'l4  d4 
ko'ro,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Gulf  of  Coro,  a 
few  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  Coro.  Lat.  11°  25'  N.;  Ion. 
69°  40'  W.     It  has  a  fine  custom-house. 

Lavelanet,  14vM4*n4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  12 
miles  E.  of  Foix.  Pop.  2792,  mostly  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  fine  woollens. 

Lavello,  l4-v41'lo  (anc.  Label' lum?),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Basilicata,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  5769. 

La  Vendue,  a  river  tf  France.     See  Vendue. 

Lav'ender,  or  Mas'tin's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  12^  miles  W.  of  Angus.     Pop.  120. 

Lav'ender  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Lav'enham,  or  Lan'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Suffolk,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ipswich,  on  a  railway.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1886. 

Lavenir,  l4V4^neer',  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  250. 

Laveno,  14-v4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  on 
Lago  Maggiore,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  1452 

Laventie,  l4V6N»Hee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  12  miles  N.E.  of  B6thune.     Pep.  1200. 

La  Ventosa,  14  v5n-to's4,  a  towu  of  Mexico,  state  of 


LAV 


1619 


LAW 


Oaxaca,  on  the  Pacific  (Bay  of  La  Ventosa),  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Tehuantepec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Te- 
huantepeo.  Lat.  16°  11'  45"  N.;  Ion.  95°  15'  40"  W. 
Lavenza,  a  town  of  Italy.  See  Avexza. 
LaverguC)  la-vern',  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Laver'nia,  a  small  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Seguin.  It  is  in  the  valley  of  Cibolo  River. 
La  Veta,  li  vi'ti,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Huerfano 
CO.,  Col.,  at  the  Veta  Pass,  on  the  Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande 
Railroad,  191  miles  S.  of  Denver.  It  is  at  an  elevation  of 
about  9500  feet,  and  is  the  highest  railroad  station  in  North 
America. 

La  Vil'la,  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  is  a  suburb  of  Jacksonville, 
i  mile  from  Jacksonville  Station.  It  contains  the  Stanton 
Normal  Institute  (colored),  2  brick-yards,  a  pottery,  and 
some  railroad-shops. 
Lavin'ia,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Holt  co..  Neb. 
Lavino,  li-vee'no  (anc.  Labin'ius),  a  river  of  Italy, 
joins  the  Samoggia.     Length,  30  miles. 

Lavis,  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol.     See  Avisio. 
Lavis,  14' vis,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Trent.     Pop.  2361. 

Lavit,  liVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.     Pop.  1547. 
Lavoro,  Terra  di,  Italy.    See  Caseuta. 
Lavos,  lS,'voce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego  River, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  5824. 

Lavras-de-Funil,  li'vras-di-foo-neel',  a   town    of 
Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 
LavrianO)  liv-re-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  from 
Casal  Borgone,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1066. 
La  Wantzeuau,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Wanzenau. 
La  we,  li'veh,  or  Lauwe,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  27  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2307. 
Lawerston,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Laukiston. 
Law'ler,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sta- 
pleton  township,  on  the  Iowa  &  Dakota  Railroad,  which 
connects  Fort  Atkinson  with  Charles  City,  29  miles  E.  of 
the  latter.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and  2 
banking-houses.     Pop.  about  550. 

LawHy  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Burin, 
Newfoundland,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Burin.     Pop.  170. 

Lawn'dale,  a  suburban  village  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  6  miles  from 
Chicago,  and  within  the  city  limits.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lawndale,  a  post- village  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and  2  elevators 
for  grain.     Pop.  150. 

Lawndale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Soldier  township,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  W.  of  Holton. 

Lawn  Ridge,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co.,  111.,  in 
La  Prairie  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Lawn  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  a  church. 

Law'rence,  a  northern  county  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  768  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Tennessee  River,  here  obstructed  by  the  Muscle 
Shoals,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Sipsey  and  Town  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  and  fertile  val- 
leys. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Moulton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,658;  in  1880,  21,392;  in  1890,  20,725. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  574  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Black  River,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Cache  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Spring  River.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  <fe  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Powhatan. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5981;  in  1880,  8782;  in  1890,  12,984. 

Lawrence,  a  southeastern  county  of  Illinois,  borders 
on  Indiana.  Area,  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  intersected  by  Em- 
barras  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
road and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lawreaceville.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,533 ; 
in  1880,  13,663;  in  1890,  14,693. 


Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  452  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  :?  also  drained  by  Salt  and  Indian 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  here.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Evansville 
&  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Bedford.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,628;  in  1880,  18,543;  in  1890,  19,792. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
ders on  West  Virginia.  Area,  about  465  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Big  Sandy  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  West  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  along  its  E.  border  by  the 
Chesapeake  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  and  is  entered  at  the  N.W. 
by  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad.  Capital,  Louisa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8497;  in  1880,  13,262;  in  1890,  17,702. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Pearl  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  magnolia, 
cypress,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  Indian 
corn,  <fcc.  Capital,  Monticello.  Pop.  in  1870,  6720 ;  in  1880, 
9420;  in  1890,  12,318. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  606  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
head-streams  of  Sac  and  Spring  Rivers.  'The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  and  the  Greenfield  &, 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop,  in  1870, 
13,067;  in  1880,  17,583;  in  1890,  26,228. 

Lawrence,  the  most  southern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
and  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  Symmes* 
Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valu- 
able mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore,  and  exports  much  pig-iron. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Iron  Railway,  the  Cincinnati,  Day- 
ton &  Ironton  Railroad,  and  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Ironton.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,380;  in  1880, 
39,068  ;  in  1890,  39,556. 

Lawrence,  a  western  county  of  Pennsylvania,  borders 
on  Ohio.  Area,  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Beaver  River  and  its  branches  the  Mahoning  and 
Shenango,  which  unite  near  the  middle  of  this  county.  It 
is  also  drained  by  Neshannock  and  Slippery  Rock  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  AVheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  quar- 
ries of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  the  Western  New  York  <fc  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Lake 
Erie  Railroad,  and  the  New  Castle  <k  Youngstown  Railroad. 
Capital,  New  Castle.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,298 ;  in  1880,  33,312 ; 
in  1890,  37,517. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
comprises  part  of  the  Black  Hills.  The  soil  is  fertile  and 
well  watered  by  branches  of  the  Cheyenne  River.  Gold  is 
found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri,  Fremont,  Elkhorn  A  Missouri  Valley,  and 
Deadwood  Central  Railroads.  Capital,  Deadwood.  Pop. 
in  1880,  13,248;  in  1890,  11,673. 

Lawrence,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  borders  on 
Alabama.  Area,  about  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Shoal  Creek  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  and  limestone  abound 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  <fc  Nash 
ville  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Lawrenceburg,  the 
capital.  Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  chestnut,  black 
walnut,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  yellow  poplar.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7601;  in  1880,  10,383;  in  1890,  12,286. 

Lawrence,  a  station  on  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Lawrence  oo.,  111.  Pop.  1826. 
It  contains  Lawrenceville. 

Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co.,  111.,  in 
Chemung  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 65  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 


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1620 


LAW 


Lawrence,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    See  Sedan. 

Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Law- 
rence township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  150 ;  of  the  township,  2360. 

LaAVrence,  a  township  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  381. 
It  contains  Lawrenceburg. 

Lawrence,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River, 
here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  38  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kansas  City, 
29  miles  B.  by  S.  of  Topeka,  and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leaven- 
worth. It  is  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  the  St.  Louis, 
Lawrence  '&,  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas  Midland 
Railroad,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Leavenworth,  Law- 
rence &  Galveston  Railroad.  A  branch  of  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railroad  extends  hence  to  Leavenworth.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  University  of  Kansas  (non-sectarian  and  open  to 
both  sexes),  which  was  organized  in  1864,  and  which  has 
13  instructors  and  about  100  students.  Lawrence  contains  a 
court-house,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  high  school,  2  or  3 
national  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  commercial 
college,  4  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  cigars,  wooden-ware,  sash,  and  blinds.  The  state 
university  is  situated  on  Mount  Oread,  which  commands  a 
beautiful  view.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Lawrence  was  in  1870  the  second  city  of 
the  state  in  population.  It  was  founded  in  1854  by  the 
Massachusetts  Aid  Society,  and  was  settled  by  the  friends 
of  free  labor.  Its  citizens  opposed  the  pro-slavery  party  in 
several  violent  contests.  On  the  21st  of  August,  1863,  this 
place  was  surprised  by  Quantrell  and  a  band  of  guerillas, 
who  massacred  about  150  persons  and  burned  about  75 
dwellings  and  many  other  buildings.  Pop.  in  1875,  7268; 
in  1880,  8510;  in  1890,  9997. 

Lawrence,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  48  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Lawrence,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  on  both  sides  of  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  several 
divisions  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lowell.  It  contains 
a  city  hall,  a  court-house,  31  churches,  a  high  school  which 
cost  $80,000,  a  public  library,  a  theatre,  6  national  banks, 
3  savings-banks,  a  masonic  temple,  large  reservoirs  for 
water-supply,  a  jail,  a  city  prison,  public  and  Catholic 
hospitals,  a  Catholic  protectory,  a  convent,  and  a  house 
of  Augustinians.  Three  daily,  6  weekly,  and  3  Sunday 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Near  the  middle  of  the 
city  is  a  public  park  of  17  acres.  The  river,  which  is  here 
nearly  1000  feet  wide,  falls  28  feet  in  the  course  of  half  a 
mile,  affording  immense  water-power,  which  is  employed  in 
cotton-mills  and  other  factories.  In  1845-47  the  Essex 
Company  constructed  a  solid  granite  dam,  900  feet  long  and 
40  feet  high,  across  the  river,  which,  in  its  natural  condi- 
tion, flowed  over  a  bed  of  rocks.  A  canal  IJ  miles  long 
and  90  feet  wide  conducts  the  water  from  the  dam  to  the 
different  mills,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river  there  is  a 
similar  but  shorter  canal.  Here  are  the  Atlantic  Cotton- 
Mills,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000  and  2100  looms,  employ- 
ing 1000  operatives;  the  Pacific  Mills  (capital,  $2,500,000), 
which  employ  about  6600  operatives,  and  manufacture 
cotton  and  worsted  goods;  the  Arlington  Mills  (capiUl, 
$2,000,000),  employing  3000  hands  on  worsteds  and  cot- 
tons; the  Washington  Mills  (capital,  $2,000,000),  employ- 
ing about  2500  operatives ;  and  the  Everett  Mills,  for  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  with  a  capital  of  $800,000.  Lawrence 
has  also  large  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  steam- 
engines,  boilers,  railway-cars,  machinery,  hardware,  car- 
riages, sewing-machines,  clothing,  hats,  belting,  <fee.  The 
buildings  of  the  Pacific  Company  are  of  colossal  dimensions 
and  present  an  imposing  appearance.  Their  principal 
building  is  800  feet  long  and  6  stories  high.  They  manu- 
facture mousseline-de-laine,  calico,  shirting,  lawn,  and 
alpaca.  The  Washington  Mills  produce  broadcloth,  doe- 
skin, cambric,  shawls,  and  flannel.  The  assessed  value  of 
property  for  1892  was  $32,527,937.  Four  bridges  cross  the 
river  at  this  place,  and  the  various  parts  of  the  city  are 
^nnected  by  an  electric  railway  which  extends  to  Methuen, 
JNorth  Andover,  and  Andover.  The  city  is  lighted  with 
gas  and  electricity.  Lawrence  was  incorporated  as  a  town 
i^^n  to'ni','^  ^*  *  °'*y  ^"^  1^^3.  Pop.  in  1860,  17,639;  in 
1870,  28,921 ;  in  1880,  39,151 ;  in  1890,  44,654 

Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Lawrence  township,  on  the  Paw  Paw  River,  and  on  the 
ioledo  &  South  Haven  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Paw  Paw 
and  about  26  miles  W  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  4  churches,  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  564 ;  of  the  township,  1779. 


Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Miss.,  on  th« 
Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.  Pap.  2251. 
It  contains  Millham,  Lawrenceville,  and  Lawrence  Station 

Lawrence,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Rockaway. 

Lawrence,  a  fertile  township  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.  Pop.  2641.  It  contains  Lawrenceville,  Nicholville, 
and  North  Lawrence.  Lawrence  Station  on  the  Ogdens- 
burg  &,  Lake  Champlain  Railroad  is  near  North  Lawrence. 
and  is  41  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg. 

Lawrence,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y. 

Lawrence,  a  station  in  Elizabeth  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Iron  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     P.  1245. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  3366. 
It  contains  Canal  Fulton  and  North  Lawrence. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.  Pop. 
1479.     It  contains  Bolivar  and  Zoar. 

Lawrence,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo.,  C, 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  2860. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     P.  1720. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  957. 
It  contains  Lawrenceville. 

Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Hills  Station  on  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.     Pop.  45. 

Lawrence,  a  post- village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Dallaa.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  a  natural  park,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  about  800. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  909. 

Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  in 
Westfield  township,  about  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portage 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

Lawrence,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Green  River  CSty. 

Law'renceburg,  a  city,  capital  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  t  Mississippi  and  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroads,  at  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  Whitewater  Canal,  22  miles  below  Cincinnati, 
and  90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  Catholic  academy,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  brewery,  3  distilleries,  a  flour-mill,  and 
several  manufactories  of  furniture.  Pop.  in  1890,  4284; 
of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1233. 

Lawrenceburg,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa. 

Ijawrenccburg,  a  post  office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Lawrenceburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anderson 
CO.,  Ky.,  about  27  miles  W.  of  Lexington,  ani  12  miles  S. 
of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  and  a 
national  bank.     Pop.  in  1880,  638 ;  in  1890,  1382. 

Lawrenceburg,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo., 
24  miles  W.  of  S])ringfield.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Lawrenceburg,  Pennsylvania.     See  PAnKER  City. 

Lawrenceburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  Shoal  Creek,  about  74  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nash- 
ville. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  convent,  and 
2  cottou- factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  618. 

Lawrence  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 

Lawrence  Creek,  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  falls  into 
the  Raritan  3  miles  below  New  Brunswick. 

Lawrence  Junction,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lawrence  Railroad  (Homewood  to  New  Castle),  3 
miles  S.W.  of  New  Castle,  at  the  junction  of  the  branch 
to  Youngstown,  0. 

Lawrence  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  in 
Harrison  township,  20  miles  W.  of  Elkland.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <fec. 

Law'renceport,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bedford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lawrence's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  San  JosS. 

LaAvrence  Station,  a  post-office  in  Lawrence  town 
ship,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  between  Trenton  and 
New  Brunswick,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton. 

Lawrence  Station,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.  See  Rockaway. 

Law'rence  Station,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  &  Canada  Railway, 
29  miles  N.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  100. 

Law'rencetown,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Annapolis  River,  and  on  the  Windsor  &  An- 
napolis Railway,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  » 
carding-mill,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  7  or  8  stores.  Pop. 
600.     A  large  quantity  of  timber  is  shipped  from  here. 


LAW 


1621  M«***'*^'^    -^'*^'LAY 


A'/t^    ^u^ 


Law'rencetOAVn^  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Halifax.     Pop,  504. 

Ijawrenceville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
about  88  miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  masonic  institute.     Fop.  about  100. 

liawrenceville}  a  decayed  village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ark., 
80  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock. 

JLawrenceville)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gwinnett  co., 
Ga.,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  3 
churches,  a  masonic  institute,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  566. 

Liawrenceville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  III.,  in  Lawrence  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and 
on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Paris 
<fc  Danville  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Vinoennes,  and  139 
miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Lawrenceville,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.    It  has  a  church. 

Lawreuceville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky. 

Liawrenceville,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Lawrence  township,  about  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  a  female  seminary. 

liawrenceville,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Deer  River,  about  42  miles  E. 
of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  a  starch-factory,  and  a  pump-factory.  Pop. 
about  350. 

LaAvrenceville)  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  0. 

Lawreucevilley  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  of  which 
city  the  former  borough  of  Lawrenceville  is  a  part. 

liawrenceville,  a  village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  East 
Coventry  township,  1  mile  from  Limerick  Station,  and  7i 
miles  N.W.  of  PhoenixviUe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lawrenceville,  a  post-borough  in  Lawrence  township, 
Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tioga  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Cowanesque,  and  on  the  Tioga  Railroad  (which  connects 
Corning  and  Blossburg),  at  the  junction  of  the  Cowanesque 
Valley  and  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  &  Antrim  Railroads, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
foundry,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  478. 

Lawreuceville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brunswick 
CO.,  Va.,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Meherrin  River,  about 
65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house  and 
2  churches.    Pop.  about  400. 

Lawrenceville,  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario.    See  Virgil. 

Lawrenceville,  a  post-village  in  ShefiTord  co.,  Quebec, 
21  miles  S.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  5  stores  and  saw- 
and  grist-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Laws,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1274. 

Law's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co..  Miss. 

Law'son,  a  post-office  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Col. 

Lawson,a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  in  Polk  town- 
ship, on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad, 
48  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Law'sonham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  Red 
Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  eastern  extension  of  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Sligo  Branch,  66 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Law'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.C., 
3i  miles  N.E.  of  Ruffin  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lawsonville,  a  post-office  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex. 

Laws'ville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  churches  near  it. 

Law'tey,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fernandina. 

Law'ton,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Antwerp  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Paw  Paw  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Kalamazoo,  and  5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Paw  Paw.  It  has  ex- 
tensive iron-works  of  the  Michigan  Central  Iron  Company,  a 
blast-furnace,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
union  school,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  fruit  pack- 
ages, iron  castings,  <ic.  It  is  surrounded  with  vineyards 
and  orchards  of  peaches,  pears,  and  apples.   Pop.  (1890)  788. 

Law^ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  at  Lake  Sta- 
tion on  the  Erie  Railroad,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York. 

Lawton,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  3905. 

Law'ton's  Bluff,  a  station  in  Marshall  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Louisville 
<fc  Paducah  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paduoah. 

Lawton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Bufialo  k  Jamestown  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Law'tonville,  a  post- village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 


Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  48  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  a  high  school  or  seminary. 

Lawtonville,  a  post-village  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  li 
miles  S.W.  of  Brunson  Station  of  the  Port  Royal  Railroad, 
and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Savannah,  Ga.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy and  2  churches. 

Lawur,  a  territory  of  India.     See  Lahool. 

Law'yers,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Law'yersville,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  Cobleskill,  and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Laxa,  or  Laja,  li'ni,  a  river  of  Chili,  joins  the  Biobio 
after  a  course  of  nearly  150  miles,  during  which  it  forms 
some  lofty  cascades. 

La  Xana,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  La  Jana. 

Laxas,  or  Ltu^s,  l^'ais,  a  river  of  Central  America, 
enters  the  Lake  of  Nicaragua  from  the  country  between 
it  and  the  Pacific,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Nicaragua. 

Laxenburg,  lix'§n-bo6RG*,  a  town  of  Austria,  9  mile<! 
by  rail  S.  of  Vienna.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  an  imperial 
summer  palace.     Pop.  964. 

La  Xunquera,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Junquera. 

Lay,  li,  a  river  of  France,  is  formed  below  St.  Vincent, 
and  falls  into  the  creek  of  Arguillon,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 
Length,  50  miles. 

Laybach,  li'biK,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  S.  of  Adels- 
berg,  under  the  name  of  the  Poik,  is  lost  in  the  Grotto  of 
Adelsberg,  and  reappears  in  the  Una ;  it  is  again  lost,  but 
reappears  at  Upper  Laybach,  where  it  becomes  navigable. 

Laybach,  or  Laibach,  li'biK  (Illyrian,  Lubluna, 
loo-bli'ni,  or  Ljubljana;  anc.  uEmona),  a  town  of  Austria, 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Carniola,  in  an  extensive  plain,  on 
both  sides  of  the  river  of  the  same  name,  here  crossed  by 
five  bridges,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Triest,  at  a  railway  junction. 
Lat.  46°  2'  27"  N.j  Ion.  14°  30'  49"  E.  It  consists  of  the 
town  proper,  grouped  round  the  castle  hill,  and  of  six 
suburbs,  and  is,  for  the  most  part,  indifferently  built,  with 
irregular,  narrow,  and  ill-paved  streets,  but  has  two  rather 
spacious  squares.  Its  principal  buildings  are  the  cathedral 
of  St.  Nicholas,  with  fine  pictures,  frescoes,  and  carvings, 
St.  James's  church,  the  church  of  the  Ursuline  nunnery,  a 
very  handsome  structure,  St.  Peter's  church,  the  Protestant 
church,  th%  old  Gothic  town  house,  the  old  castle,  crowning 
a  height  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  now  converted  into 
a  state  prison  and  house  of  correction ;  the  bishop's  palace, 
theatre,  barracks,  and  palace  of  Count  Auersperg.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  military  governor  and  of  several  important  courts 
and  public  offices,  and  possesses  a  museum,  a  botanical  gar- 
den, an  infirmary,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  deaf  and  dumb  insti- 
tute, a  casino,  a  library,  lyceum,  in  which  theology,  philos- 
ophy, and  medicine  are  taught,  a  gymnasium,  normal, 
military,  and  agricultural  schools,  a  school  of  design,  an  in- 
dustrial school,  and  various  benevolent  endowments.  The 
manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  woollen  and  silk  goods ; 
and  there  are  oil-,  paper-,  and  cotton-mills,  and  a  consid- 
erable transit  trade.  Laybach  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity. 
It  makes  a  considerable  figure  during  the  Turkish  wars. 
Its  site  was  at  one  time  very  unhealthy,  from  the  morasses 
around  it,  but  these  have  been  drained.    P.  (1890)  30,691* 

Layman,  la'man,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  0. 

Laymyethna,  la-me-eth'na,  a  town  of  British  Burmah, 
district  of  Bassein.     Pop.  5325. 

Laynesville,  lanz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Laynesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  oo..  Mo.,  near  the 
Missouri  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Miami  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Laynesville,  a  post-office  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tenn. 

Layon,  l4^y6No',  a  river  of  France,  which  joins  the  Loire 
a  little  above  Chalonnes-sur-Loire.     Length,  55  miles. 

Layrac,  liVik'  (anc.  Lauracumf),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Lot-et-Garonne,  5  miles  S.  of  Agen,  on  the  Gers,  near  its 
confluence  with  the  Garonne.     Pop.  1477. 

Lay  ton,  la'tgn,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1003. 

Layton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  San- 
diston  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Branohville  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Layton  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Saginaw  oo.,  Mich. 

Layto'nia,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex. 

Laytou's,  la'tpnz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Milford  Station. 
Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Layton's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa,' 
in  Perry  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  <fc  Balti- 
more Railroad,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2. 
churches. 


LAY 


1622 


LEA 


Laytonville,  la'tpn-vll,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
eo.,  Md.,  about  32  miles  "W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Lazaret'to,  a  post-oflSce  of  Delaware  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  12  miles  below  Philadelphia,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Chester  Railroad.  Here  is  a  large  quaran- 
tine building  on  Tinicum  Island. 

Lazarofif,  liz^a-rdflf,  a  small  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  of  E.  end,  14°  53'  30"  S.  ,•  Ion.  148°  39'  30"  W. 

La'zer  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  Flint  River  in 
Talbot  CO.,  a  few  miles  N.B.  of  Talbotton. 

La^zette',  a  post-office  of  Cowley  oo.,  Kansas. 

Lazise,  lid-zee'si,  or  Lacise,  li-chee'si,  a  town  of 
Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Verona,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake 
Garda.     Pop.  2963. 

Lazistan,  li-zis-tin',  a  district  of  Asia  Minor,  near 
the  S.E.  angle  of  the  Black  Sea.  In  1878  a  portion  of  it 
passed  (with  Batoom,  its  chief  port)  from  Turkish  to  Russian 
sway.  Its  people,  called  Lazians,  or  Laz  (anc.  Lazi),  speak 
a  language  regarded  as  of  an  Indo-European  stem,  and 
were  once  Christians,  but  are  now  Mohammedans. 

La  Znbia,  li  thoo'se-i,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2632. 

L6,  a  city  of  Central  Asia.     See  Lbh. 

Lea,  lee,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  oo.  of  Bedford, 
near  Luton,  and  joins  the  Thames  at  Blackwall,  after  a  course 
of  40  miles. 

Leabnrg,  lee'burg,  a  post-oflBce  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Leachburg,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Leachtown,  leech'tdwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  oo., 
W.  Va.,  4  miles  S.  of  Kanawha  Falls. 

Leachville,- leech' vil,  a  village  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Gasconade  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Chamois.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sawmill.  Here  is  Cooper's  Hill 
Post-Office. 

Leacock,  la'kok,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  Leacock  township,  about  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lancaster, 
and  54  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
machine-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1906. 

Lead  City,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  oo.,  S.D.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Deadwood.     Pop.  in  1880.  1437  ;  in  1890,  2581. 

Lead  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co..  Ark.,  5  miles 
from  Dubuque  steamboat-landing,  on  White  River.  It  has 
several  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lead'hills,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  18  miles  S. 
of  Lanark,  in  a  bleak  district.  Elevation,  1300  feet.  Pop. 
1033,  employed  in  some  of  the  richest  lead-mines  in  Soot- 
land,  yielding  from  700  to  800  tons  yearly. 

Leading  (leed'ing)  Creek,  Meigs  co.,  0.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  5  miles  below 
Pomeroy. 

Leading  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Leading  Tickles,  a  narrow  passage,  5  miles  in  length, 
in  the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  32 
miles  from  Tilt  Cove.     Its  banks  are  settled  by  fishermen. 

Lead  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Mo. 

Lead  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Piedmont. 

Lead  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Ky.,  about  50 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Louisville. 

Leadsville,  or  Leedsville,  leedz'vil,  a  post-village 
of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Leading  Creek,  34  miles  S.  of 
Webster  Court- House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Leadvale,  led'val,  a  po^-offioe  and  station  of  Jefferson 
00.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <fc  Charleston 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Leadville,  ISd'vil,  a  town,  capital  of  Lake  oo..  Col.,  70 
miles  (172  by  rail)  S.W.  of  Denver,  on  branches  of  the  Union 
Pacific  and  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroads.  It  was  founded 
in  1877,  and  its  mines  have  afforded  much  silver,  gold,  and 
lead.  It  has  churches,  banks,  newspapers,  and  smelting- 
furnaces.     Altitude,  10,200  feet.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,384. 

Leaf  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Otter 
Tail  CO.,  Minn.,  28  miles  N.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  159. 

Leaf  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Otter  Tail  oo.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Crow  Wing  River  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Wadena  CO.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Leaf  River,  Mississippi,  drains  part  of  Smith  co.,  runs 
southward  in  Jones  co.  and  southeastward  through  Perry 
CO.,  and  unites  with  the  Chickasawha  River  in  the  S.  part 
of  Greene  co.  to  form  the  Pascagoula.  The  length  of  the 
Leaf  River  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  traverses  a  sandy 
country  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests. 

Leaf  River,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  111.    Pop.  1057. 

Leaf  River,  a  village  of  Perry  oo..  Miss.,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Augusta,  and  near  a  stream  of  tke  same  name.  Pop.  720. 


Leaf  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  341. 

Leake,  leek,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Pearl  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Young  Warrior 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Carthage.  Pop.  in  1870,  8496;  in  1880,  13,146;  in  1890, 
14,803. 

Leakesville,  leeka'vil,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Greene 
CO.,  Miss., on  Chickasawha  River,44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 

Leaks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C,  in 
Leaksville  township,  on  the  Dan  River,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Danville,  Va.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  cotton- 
factory,  and  3  tobacco- factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  726. 

Leaksville,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Va. 

Lea'man  (or  Lemon)  Place,  a  post-village  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Lancaster.  A  branch  railroad  extends  from  this  place 
to  Strasburg.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Leamington,  lim'ing-t9n,  or  Leamington>Pri- 
ors,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  oo.  and  2^ 
miles  E.  of  Warwick.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
Leam,  an  affluent  of  the  Avon,  and  it  is  one  of  the  hand- 
somest towns  in  England.  It  has  a  museum,  picture-gal 
lery,  beautiful  public  gardens,  3  banks,  2  newspapers,  and 
several  splendid  hotels.  The  waters  from  the  springs  are 
saline,  sulphurous,  and  chalybeate.     Pop.  (1891)  26,103. 

Leamington,  lem'ing-tpn,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co., 
Ontario,  on  Lake  Erie,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.  Steamers 
run  from  here  to  Detroit  and  Windsor.  It  has  a  large  trade 
in  lumber,  country  produce,  and  tobacco,  and  contains  grist- 
and  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  8  stores,  and  .3  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Leamon  (lee'm^n)  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  27  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Leang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Liang-Choo. 

Leao-Tong,  li-i'o-  (or  li-dw'-)  tong,  Mookden  or 
Monkden,  mook'dftn,  or  Shing-King,  a  province  of 
the  Chinese  Empire,  in  Manchooria,  consisting  partly  of  a 
large  peninsula  in  the  Tellow  Sea,  between  the  Gulf  of 
Leao-'Tong  and  that  of  Corea.  Area,  37,269  square  miles. 
It  is  in  general  a  fertile  region,  with  a  pleasant  climate. 
Capital,  Mookden.     Pop.  2,187,286. 

Leao-Tong,  a  Chinese  name  for  Manchooria. 

Leao-Tong  Gulf,  an  inlet  of  the  Yellow  Sea,  is  150 
miles  long  and  from  70  to  120  miles  broad. 

Leao- Yang,  l&-&'o-y&ng',  a  city  of  Manchooria,  prov. 
ince  of  Leao-Tong,  in  lat.  41°  18'  N.,  Ion.  123°  10'  E. 
Much  of  the  area  within  the  walls  is  occupied  by  market- 
gardens,  but  in  the  city  are  many  large  and  excellent  shops, 
and  a  good  amount  of  trade  is  transacted.     Pop.  80,000. 

Leary's,  le'ar-iz,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches  and  6  business-houses. 

Leasburg,  leez'burg,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  83  milM 
S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Leasburg,  a  post- village  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C,  aboat  56 
miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Leas- 
burg township,  1461. 

Leasdale,  leez'dal,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Chartiers  Railroad,  li  miles  S.  of  Mansfield,  and  10 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lea's  (leez)  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Saline  River,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Leaskdale,  leesk'dal,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  oo., 
Ontario,  10  miles  N.  of  Uxbridge.  It  contains  several  saw- 
and  grist-mills  and  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Leasuresville,  le-zurz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  3  miles  from  Sarver  Station,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.S 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Leath'erhead,  a  town  of  England,  in  Surrey,  on  the 
Mole,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Epsom.     Pop.  of  parish,  9742. 

Leather's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky, 

Leath'ersville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga. 

Leath'ervTOod,  a  small  post- village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Low  Grade  Branch  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
79  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  mill. 

Leatherwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobaooo- 
factory.     Tobacco  of  superior  quality  grows  here. 

Leatherwood,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Leathes  Water,  a  lake  of  England.  SeeTHiRLMERE. 

Leau,  15  (Fl.  Leeuw,  or  Zont-Leeuw,  zont  li'iiv),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the  Little  Geete,  38  miloi 
E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  of  commune,  4473. 


LEA 


1623 


LEB 


Leavenworth,  lev'?n-wortb,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Kansas,  borders  on  Missouri.  Area,  about  455 
square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mis- 
souri River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Stranger  River,  an 
affluent  of  the  Kansas  River,  which  forms  the  southern 
boundary  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is 
'ery  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  cattle  are 
the  staple  products.  Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  cotton- 
wood,  hickory,  oak,  and  walnut.  Limestone  underlies  a 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific,  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  <fe  Kansas  City,  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A 
Council  Bluffs,  Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  <fc  Northwest,  Mis- 
souri Pacific,  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Leaven- 
worth. Pop.  in  1870,  32,444;  in  1875,  27,698;  in  18S0, 
32,355;  in  1890,  38,485. 

Leavenworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  cc, 
Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  68  miles  below  Louisville, 
and  30  miles  by  land  W.  by  S.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
boats,  barges,  and  skiffs.  Pop.  792.  Five  miles  from  this 
place  is  the  remarkable  Wyandotte  cave. 

LeavenAVorth,  one  of  the  principal  cities  of  Kansas, 
and  the  capital  of  Leavenworth  co.,  is  situated  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  ."^8  miles  by  water  above 
Kansas  City.  By  railroad  it  is  309  miles  W.N.W.  of  St. 
Louis,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  25  miles  N.AV.  of 
Kansas  City.  Lat.  39°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  58'  W.  A  stratum 
of  fine  limestone  which  crops  out  here  protects  the  city 
against  the  encroachments  of  the  rapid  river.  The  plan  of 
the  city  is  regular  and  rectangular;  the  direction  of  the 
streets  is  N.  and  S.  or  E.  and  W,  The  principal  streets 
are  paved  with  bricks  and  cedar  blocks,  and  are  lighted  by 
electricity.  A  very  complete  system  of  electric  street-rail- 
ways facilitates  intramural  traffic  and  connects  the  city 
with  the  National  Soldiers'  Home  on  the  S.  and  Fort  Lea- 
venworth on  the  N.  of  the  city.  The  Soldiers'  Home  is  the 
abode  of  3000  veterans  of  the  late  war ;  the  grounds  are 
beautifully  terraced  and  parked,  and  among  the  attractions 
of  the  place  is  an  electric  fountain.  At  Fort  Leavenworth 
— a  regimental  headquarters — are  garrisoned  twelve  com- 
panies of  United  States  infantry  and  four  troops  of  cavalry. 
Here  is  also  located  the  United  States  Infantry  and  Cavalry 
School,  for  the  instruction  of  officers  of  the  regular  army. 
The  United  States  military  prison,  for  the  punishment  of 
violators  of  the  articles  of  war,  is  located  here.  It  now 
contains  about  800  prisoners.  A  few  miles  S.  of  Leaven- 
worth is  also  located  the  Kansas  state  penitentiary,  with 
800  convicts.  Leavenworth  contains  a  court-house,  24 
churches  (embracing  all  wf  the  principal  denominations),  a 
high  school,  a  state  normal  school,  a  Catholic  academy,  or- 
phanage, and  hospital,  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  2 
theatres,  Ac.  An  inexhaustible  supply  of  coal  underlays 
the  city  at  a  depth  of  700  feet;  60,000  bushels  of  coal  are 
raised  daily  by  the  1000  miners  employed.  In  consequence 
of  the  abundance  of  cheap  fuel,  manufacturing  industries 
flourish,  the  chief  establishments  embracing  stove-foundries, 
flour-mills,  soap-factories,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactories 
of  mill-machinery,  steam-engines,  furniture,  boots  and  shoes, 
harness,  wagons,  buggies,  Ac.  Leavenworth  supports  3  daily 
newspapers  and  several  weekly  and  monthly  periodicals. 
This  city  is  the  E.  terminus  ofthe  Kansas  Central  Railway 
and  the  Rock  Island  and  Burlington  systems;  the  Missouri 
Pacific,  Union  Pacific,  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6,  Kan- 
sas City  Northwestern,  and  Chicago  Great  Western  Railways 
also  enter  the  city.  Two  iron  bridges,  costing  $1,000,000 
each,  cross  the  Missouri  River  at  Leavenworth.  Pop.  in 
1860,  7429;  in  1870,  17,873;  in  1890,  19,768;  in  1895 
(estimated),  25,000. 

Leavenworth  Junction,  a  station  in  Douglas  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Lawrence.  Another  Leavenworth  Junction  is  in  Leav- 
enworth CO.,  4  miles  S.  of  Leavenworth,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Missouri  River  Railroad  and  the  Leavenworth  Branch 
of  the  Kansas  Pacific. 

Leavittsburg,  lev'its-burg,  a  post- village  of  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great 
Western  Railroad  at  the  junction  of  two  divisions  of  that 
.road,  3  miles  W.  of  Warren,  and  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land. It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber,  and  is  an 
important  station  of  the  railroad. 

Leba,  li'bi,  a  river,  lake,  and  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Pomerania,  the  river  entering  the  lake,  and  the  town  on 
the  channel  connecting  this  with  the  Baltic,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Stolpe.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Lebadea,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Livadia. 


Lebanon,  iSb'a-non  (1j.  Lib'anns ;  Ger,  Lihanon,  le'- 
bfl,-non;  Fr.  Lihan,  lee^bftu";  Heb.  Lebanon;  "the  white 
mountain"),  a  mountain-chain  of  Syria,  extending  from  the 
vicinity  of  Antioch,  24  miles  distant  from  the  Mediterra- 
nean, S.  to  near  Sidon.  Its  culminating  point,  Jebel-Mak- 
mel,  rises  to  nearly  12,000  feet;  and  near  this  is  a  grove  of 
several  hundred  cedars.  The  whole  range  is  composed  of  a 
whitish  limestone  (whence  its  name),  and  abounds  with  cul- 
tivated grounds  and  villages,  inhabited  by  a  race  of  hardy 
mountaineers.  East  of  it  is  another  range,  nearly  parallel 
to  it,  named  Anti-Libanus,  or  Anti-Lebanon,  and  between 
the  ranges  is  the  valley  of  Coele-Syria. 

Leb'auon,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Swatara  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Swatara 
and  Tulpehocken  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  a  valley  of 
limestone  formation,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Kitta- 
tinny  Mountain,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  South  Mountain.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products,  and  pig-iron  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Copper  is  found  in  this  county,  which 
has  also  mines  of  good  iron  ore,  Silurian  limestone,  and 
marble.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Canal*  and  3 
branches  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  namely,  the  Lebanon 
Valley,  the  Lebanon  A  Tremont,  and  the  Schuylkill  A  Sus- 
quehanna, also  by  the  Cornwall  and  Cornwall  A  Lebanon 
Railroads.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,096;  in 
1880,  38,476;  in  1890,  48,131. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Lebanon  township,  2  miles  W.  of  Lebanon  Station  on  the 
New  London  Northern  Railroad,  which  is  6  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
limantic,  and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  some 
manufactures  of  wool,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2211. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  4  miles  E. 
of  Wyoming  Station,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  canning-factory. 

Lebanon,  a  post-town  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  in  Lebanon 
township,  on  Silver  Creek,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi 
Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Belleville.  It  is  the  seat  of  McKendree  College  (Meth- 
odist Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1828  and  has  7 
instructors,  about  100  students,  and  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  Lebanon  has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  2  flouring-mills,  a  brewery,  a  distillery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1924;  in  1890,  1636;  of  the  township,  3172. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette,  and  28  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  contains  7  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank, 

1  other  bank,  and  manufactures  of  washing-machines,  fur- 
niture, plough-handles,  and  cigars.     Pop.  in  1890,  3682. 

Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Chequest  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Great  Southern  Railroad, 
67  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  about  58  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington.     It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks, 

2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  Catholic  academies, 
the  Lebanon  Baptist  Female  College,  6  churches,  2  distil- 
leries, a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, sash,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2816. 

Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Lebanon 
township,  about  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Biddeford,  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Salmon  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Portland  A  Rochester  Railroad.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1953. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1129. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  241. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3316. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Laclede  co..  Mo., 
in  Lebanon  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad, 
186  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  66  miles  N.E.  of  Spring, 
field.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  and  3  news* 
paper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2218 ;  of  the  township,  3930. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Mascoma  River,  about  4  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Hampshire, 
65  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
high  school.  The  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Connecticut  River,  contains  a  village  named  West  Leb- 
anon, and  has  manufactures  of  farm-implements,  machinery 
furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3763. 

Lebanon,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  township,  Hunter- 


LEB 


1624 


LEG 


don  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  N  sw  Jersey,  38 
miles  W.  of  Elizabeth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.     P.  3561. 

Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  township,  Madi- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse  &  Chenango  Railroad,  38 
miles  S.B.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory, 
a  tannery,  and  25  houses.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Chenango  River,  and  traversed  by  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1475. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  cc,  N.C. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1823. 

Lebanon,  a  small  village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Lebanon,  a  village  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.,  about  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Marietta.  Pop.  124.  Here  is  Masterton  Post- 
Office.  . 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in 
Turtle  Creek  township,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  22  miles  S.  of  Dayton.  It  contains  9  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  normal  school,  a  national  bank,  a  town  hall, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1 880, 2703 ;  in  1890, 3060. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sash- 
factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lebanon,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa., 
is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  fertile  limestone  valley,  28  miles 
W.  of  Reading,  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Harrisburg,  and  86 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  the  Union  Canal 
and  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Lebanon  &  Pine  Grove  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Cornwall  Railroad.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  court- 
house, 2  or  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  Catholic 
academy,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4 
weekly  newspapers,  1  of  which  is  in  German.  Lebanon 
has  also  2  rolling-mills,  4  anthracite  (iron)  furnaces,  2 
flouring-mills,  3  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  rail- 
road-cars, iron  castings,  engines,  boilers,  carriages,  farming- 
implements,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  8778;  in  1890,  14,664. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  AVayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  628. 

Lebanon,  a  village  in  Pawtucket  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Pawtucket.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  cotton  yam  and  of  brooms. 
Pop.  108. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about  54 
miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn., 
30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nashville,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  the  Tennessee  <fc  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  Cum- 
berland University  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  which  was 
organized  in  1842  and  has  22  instructors  and  about  60 
students.  Here  is  a  law  school  connected  with  the  univer- 
sity, which  has  also  a  theological  department.  Lebanon 
contains  2  national  banks,  5  churches,  a  female  seminary, 
a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  steam  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  brooms.     Pop.  2296. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Piano  Station.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Lebanon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  is 
about  4  miles  S.  of  the  Clinch  River,  and  20  miles  N.  by 
AY.  of  Abingdon,  near  the  base  of  Clinch  Mountain.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  209. 

Lebanon,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  inter- 
sected by  Rock  River.  Pop.  1637.  Lebanon  Post-Office  is 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  771. 

Lebanon  Church,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Lebanon  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Capon  Road  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Lebanon  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Louisville,  Nashville  <fc  Great  Southern  Railroad, 
30  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 
The  Knoxville  Branch  connects  here  with  the  main  line. 

Lebanon  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill  on  Mongaup  River. 

Lebanon  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New  Lebanon  township,  on  the 
Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  warm  mineral  spring,  several  hotels  (one  capable 
of  accommodating  400  guests),  and  2  churches.  See  also 
New  Lebanon  and  Mount  Lebanon. 

Lebbeke,  lfib-bi'k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4500. 

Le  Beausset,  l§h  ho^ak'.  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1909. 


Le'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.,  16  miles  S.S, 
of  Schell  City. 

Lebedian,  lSb-&-de-&n',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  110  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tambov.     Pop.  6010. 

Lebedin,  or  Lebedine,  lib-i-deen',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  77  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kharkov.     P.  11,897. 

Lebeny,  li'baiS',  or  Leiden,  li'd^n,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  eo.  of  Wieselburg,  near  Lake  Neusiedl.     P.  2597. 

Leberan,  a  village  of  Germany.     See  Libpyre. 

Leberberg,  the  German  name  of  Jdra. 

Lebida,  l§b'^-d&,  or  Leb'da  (anc.  Lep'tit  Mag'na),  a^ 
ruined  town  of  Africa,  64  miles  E.  of  Tripoli,  on  the  Med-* 
iterranean.  Septimius  Severus  was  born  in  its  Ticinity 
A.D.  146. 

Le  Biot,  Ifh  be-o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the 
Dranse,  about  9  miles  from  Thonon.     Pop.  1703. 

Lebita,  or  Lebinthos,  Greece.    See  Levita. 

Le  Blanc,  l^h  blAN»,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  on 
the  Creuse,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chateauroux.  It  was  for- 
merly fortified,  and  has  wool-spinning  works,  tanneries,  and 
manufactures  of  edge-tools  and  pottery.     Pop.  4724. 

Le'bo  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Coffey  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Emporia. 

Leboeuf,  l^h-bif,  a  post-township  of  Erie  oo..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Erie.  It  is  traversed  by  French 
Creek  and  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  borough  named  Mill  Village,  and  Leboeuf  Station 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Erie.     Pop.  1748. 

Le  Boi9,  l^h  bw&,  a  village  of  France,  Charente-Infe- 
rieure,  14  miles  W.  of  La  Rochelle,  in  the  He  de  R6.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2062. 

Le  Bourg,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Bubo. 

Le  Bourg  les  Valence,  l^h  boon  \k  viH&Nss',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Dr6me,  i-  mile  N.  of  Valence,  of  which  it 
forms  a  suburb,  on  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2574. 

Le  Breton  (l^h  br^-toN*')  Flats,  a  suburb  of  the  city 
of  Ottawa,  situated  on  Cbaudi^re  and  Victoria  Islands, 
two  small  islands  in  the  Ottawa  River.  It  possesses  un- 
rivalled  water-power,  and  contains  an  extensive  foundry,  • 
carding-  and  fulling-mill,  several  flour-mills,  and  eight  large 
saw-  and  planing-mills. 

Lebrya,  or  Lebrixa,  I&-bree'H&  (anc.  Nehria'aa),  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Seville, 
near  the  left  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir.  Pop.  10,338.  It  is 
in  a  marshy  tract ;  the  streets  are  narrow  and  the  houses 
mean.  Chief  public  buildings,  a  church  formerly  a  mosque, 
a  college,  and  a  ruined  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cloth,  pottery,  and  soap,  and  is  famous  for  its  oil. 

Lebrua,  or  Lebrixa,  li-bree'H&,  a  river  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  joins  the  Magdalena  120  miles  N.M'. 
of  Pamplona. 

Lebu,  l&-boo',  a  town  of  Cbili,  province  of  Arauco,  near 
the  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Lebu.  It  has  coal-mines. 
Pop.  5783. 

Le  Buet,  l^h  bii^i',  one  of  the  Alps  of  Savoy,  between 
Chamouni  and  Sixt,  N.  of  Mont  Blanc.  Height  above  the 
sea,  10,128  feet. 

Le  Bugue,  l^h  biig,  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  14 
miles  W.  of  Sarlat,  on  the  VezSre.     Pop.  1685. 

Lebus,  li'boos,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 5  miles  N.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.     Pop.  2767. 

Le  Cap,  a  town  of  Hayti.     See  Cape  Hattien. 

Le  Carbet,  a  town  of  Martinique.     See  Carbet. 

Lecce,  iSt'chi,  formerly  Terra  di  Otranto,  tfin'Rl 
de  o-trin'to,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Apulia,  forming  the 
extremity  of  the  S.E.  fork  of  the  Italian  peninsula.  Area, 
3293  square  miles.     Capital,  Lecce.     Pop.  493,594. 

Lecce,  lit'chi  (anc.  Lupiaf  or  Aletium?),&  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  the  above  province,  29  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Otranto.  Pop.  23,247.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
a  castle,  a  large  cathedral  and  30  other  churches,  several 
convents,  a  royal  college,  a  foundling  hospital,  and  a  thea- 
tre, with  a  noble  government  house  and  town  hall.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen,  cottons,  snuff,  oil,  silk  goods,  lace, 
and  linen  thread.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Lecco,  Ifik'ko  (anc.  Fo'rum  Licin'iit),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Adda  in  the  Lake  of  Lecco.  Pop.  7040.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silks,  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  and  iron-ware.  A 
railway  extends  hence  to  Milan. 

Lecco,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Lequio. 

Lecelles,  l^h-siir,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1932. 

Lecera,  li-thi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  36  miles 
S.S.B.  of  Saragossa,  near  the  Aguas.     Pop.  2050. 

Lech,  lis,  a  river  of  Southern  Germany,  Tyrol  and 


LEG 


1625 


LEE 


Bavaria,  rises  in  the  Vorarlberg,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of 
140  miles,  joins  the  Danube  26  miles  N.  of  Augsburg. 

Le  Chapus,  l^h  sh&^piice',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Charente-Inf^rieure,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Marennes,  opposite 
the  island  of  016ron.  It  is  a  fortification  of  the  second 
olass,  and  its  small  port  is  defended  by  a  fort. 

Le  Chateau,  l§h  shaHo',  or  Ch&teau  d»OI6ron, 
8ha.Ho'  doMi^r6N»',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Charente- 
Inf^rieure,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Marennes,  on  the  S.B.  point  of 
the  island  of  Oleron.     Pop.  1578. 

liCchay,  an  Indian  name  of  the  Lehigh,  Pennsylvania. 

liechenich,  l5K'§n-iK,  or  Lechtiich,  iSK'niK,  a  for- 
tified town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Cologne. 
Pop.  about  1800. 

jLe  Chenit,  l§h  shi^nee',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Vaud,  on  the  Orbe,  at  its  entrance  into  the  S.  extremity 
of  Lake  Joux,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  3608. 

Lechhausen,  ISK*how'z§n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Lech,  li  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augsburg.  Pop.  6724.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  silk  stuflFs,  and  oil-cloth. 

liCchlade,  iStch'lSd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Glouces- 
ter, on  the  Isis,  and  on  the  Thames  &  Severn  Canal,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Oxford. 

liechnich,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Lechenich. 

Liechnitz,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Lekentzb. 

Leek,  ISk,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  forming  an  arm 
of  the  Old  Rhine,  at  its  delta,  N.  of  the  Waal.  It  forms  the 
boundary  first  between  the  provinces  of  Utrecht  and  Gelder- 
land,  and  then  between  Utrecht  and  South  Holland,  and 
joins  the  Meuse  7  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam. 

liCck  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
in  Upper  Mahanoy  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Danville. 
It  has  a  church. 

Leclaire,  l^-klair',  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Leclaire  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  17  miles  above 
Davenport,  and  \  mile  from  Port  Byron,  111.  It  is  at  the 
head  of  the  Upper  Rapids.  It  has  5  churches,  a  quarry  of 
limestone,  a  graded  school,  3  lime-kilns,  a  boat-yard,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  1121  j  of  the  township,  ad- 
ditional, 764, 

Leclercville,  l?-klerk'vil,  or  Sainte  Emilie,  s3,Nt 
em^e^lee',  a  post-village  in  LotbiniSre  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  51  miles  above  Quebec.  It  has  saw- 
and  grist-mills,  a  carding-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200, 

L'Ecluse,  li^kliiz',  a  fort  of  France,  in  Ain,  above  the 
Rhone,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  commands  the  rail- 
way from  Switzerland  into  France  between  Seyssel  and  St. 
Genix. 

Ii'£cluse,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  S.  of 
Douai.     Pop.  1713. 

L'Ecluse,  the  French  name  of  Slttis. 

Lecompte,  l^-komt,  post-office,  Rapides  parish.  La. 

liecomp'ton,  a  post-village  in  Lecompton  township, 
Douglas  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Topeka. 
It  was  once  the  capital  of  Kansas  Territory,  It  has  3 
churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  Lane  University,  which  was 
organized  in  1865  and  has  about  400  students.  Pop.  about 
600 ;  of  the  township,  1239. 

liBcompton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  about  8 
miles  W,  of  Woodsfield, 

Leconte's  (l^-konts')  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear- 
field CO,,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Le  Coq,  l§h  kok,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in  Foota-Toro, 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island  Morfil,  formed  by  a  branch 
of  the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  5'  W. 

Le  Couserans,  leh  koo^zeh-r6No',  an  ancient  district 
of  France,  among  the  Pyrenees,  near  the  frontiers  of  Spain. 
Its  capital  was  Saint-Lizier. 

Le  Coux,  l§h  koo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Sarlat.    Pop.  1746. 

Le  Creuzot,  l§h  kruh^zo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa&ne- 
et-Loire,  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Autun.  Pop.  15,599, 
employed  in  raising  iron  and  coal,  and  in  blast-furnaces, 
steel-mills,  foundries,  locomotive-shops,  copper-works,  and 
steam-engine-factories.  It  is  one  of  the  most  active  indus- 
trial centres  in  France. 

Le  Croisic,  l§h  krwi^zeek',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  on  a  point  of  land  between  the  mouth 
of  the  Loire  and  Vilaine,  44  miles  W.  of  Nantes.  Pop. 
1 981.  It  has  an  exchange,  a  school  of  navigation,  tribunal 
of  commerce,  and  a  port  of  great  extent  and  depth,  with 
active  fisheries,  and  refineries  of  salt  and  soda  procured  from 
neighboring  salt-marshes.  About  6  miles  seaward  is  Le 
Pour,  an  extensive  reef  of  rocks,  marked  by  a  light-house. 
103 


Le  Crotoy,  l^h  kroHwl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Abbeville,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Somme, 
near  its  mouth.     Pop.  1509. 

Lectoure,  likHooR'  (anc.  Lacto'ra,  or  Civ'itai  Lactora'- 
Hum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  capital  of  an  arrondisse- 
ment,  20  miles  N.  of  Auch.  Pop.  2963.  It  stands  on  a 
steep  rock,  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and  has  an  old  epis- 
copal palace,  now  the  prefecture,  a  fine  Gothic  church,  com- 
munal college,  town  hall,  and  hospital.  Its  manufacturea 
consist  of  serge  and  coarse  woollen  cloths,  and  it  has  a  brisk 
trade  in  cattle,  wines,  brandy,  and  grain. 

Lectum,  the  ancient  name  of  Baba. 

Leczna,  Ifitch'nS,,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  1800. 

Leda,  li'di,  a  river  of  Germany,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Ohe  and  Marka,  on  the  frontiers  of  Oldenburg  and 
Hanover,  joins  the  Ems  after  a  course  of  24  miles. 

Led'better,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
68  miles  E.  of  Austin.     It  has  several  stores. 

Led'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Hereford,  on  the  Hereford  &  Gloucester  Canal.  The 
town,  on  a  declivity  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Malvern 
Hills,  has  many  ancient  houses,  a  church,  partly  of  Norman 
architecture,  with  a  detached  tower  and  fine  altar-piece,  a 
grammar-school,  a  hospital,  several  other  charities,  a  union 
workhouse,  market-house,  and  some  manufactures  of  rope 
and  sacking.  In  its  vicinity  are  cider-orchards,  hop-grounds, 
and  marble-quarries.     Pop.  2967. 

Lede,  li'd§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  a  railway,  6^  miles  S.W.  of  Dendermonde.     Pop.  4000. 

Ledeberg,  ld,'d9h-b5RG*,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  at  the  junction  of  the  railways  from  Ghent  to 
Termonde  and  Ghent  to  Courtrai,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent, 
with  cotton-mills.     Pop.  4100. 

Ledeghem,  li'd^h-ehSm^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3200. 

Lederachsville,  Igd'^r-aks-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Ledesma,  li-d§s'mS.  (anc.  Bletis'ama),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Salamanca,  on  the 
Tormes.  Pop.  2896.  It  has  warm  mineral  baths,  much 
frequented. 

Ledesma,  1^-d^s'mS,,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republio, 
province  of  Jujuy.     Pop.  3149. 

Ledetsch,  I^'dStch  (L.  Ledecium),  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Czaslau,  on  the  Sasawa.     Pop.  2093. 

Ledge,  lej,  or  The  Ledge,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  4  miles  from 
St.  Stephen.     Pop.  300. 

Ledge  (15j)  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa., 
on  Wallenpaupac  Creek,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  2  saw-mills. 

Ledger,  lej'^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mica-mine. 

Ledgeville,  lej-vil,  a  post-oflSce  of  Brown  co..  Win., 
on  the  Milwaukee  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of 
Green  Bay. 

Le  Dorat,  l^h  do^ri'  (anc.  Oratoriumt),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  7  miles  N.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  2322. 

Ledoux,  l§-doo',  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn., 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Falls. 

Ledne,  le-dook',  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  oo..  Mo. 

Lednm  Salorium,  France.    See  Lons-le-Saulnibr. 

Ledyard,  led'yard,  a  post-village  of  New  London  oo., 
Conn.,  in  Ledyard  township,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  AUyn's  Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  or  3  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Thames  River.     Pop.  1392. 

Ledyard,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Cayuga  Lake,  and  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Aurora,  which  is  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auburn. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cayuga  Southern  Railroad.  P.  2257. 

Lee,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  rises  in  Lake  Gou- 
gane-Barra,  flows  E.,  and  enters  Cork  harbor. 

Lee,  a  small  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  flows  into 
Tralee  Bay. 

Lee,  a  village  of  England,  in  Kent,  on  the  S,  edge  of 
Blackheath,  6  miles  by  rail  E,S,E.  of  London,  It  has  many 
handsome  residences,  a  beautiful  church,  and  an  endowed 
school.     Pop,  of  parish,  10,493, 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  S,E,  of  Alabama,  separated  from 
Georgia  on  the  E,  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  Area,  about 
610  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Western  Railway 
of  Alabama  and  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  and  hu 
a  diversified  surface  and  a  fertile  soil.  Capital,  Opelika. 
Pop,  in  1870,  21,750;  in  1880,  27,262;  in  1890,  28,694. 


LEE 


162& 


LEE 


Lee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas.  Area,  about 
606  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Francis,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  L'Anguille  River,  The  surface,  nearly  level, 
is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
and  oak.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  its  staple  products. 
Capital,  Marianna.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,288 ;  in  1890, 18,886. 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Flint  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Kinchafoonee  and  Muck- 
alee  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Lees- 
burg,     Pop.  in  1870,  9667;  in  1880,  10,577;  in  1890,  9074. 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois.  Area,  about 
740  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green  and  Rock 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products,  Silu- 
rian limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  three  railroads, — the  Illinois  Central,  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern,  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy.  Capital,  Dixon.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,171;  in  1880, 
27,491;  in  1890,  26,187. 

Lee,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Iowa.  Area,  about 
486  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Skunk 
River,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Des  Moines  River,  which  enters  the  Mississippi  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  good  timber,  which 
is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is  uniformly  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This  couuty 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Kansas  City,  and  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroads,  and  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  It  contains  the  city  of  Keokuk.  Capital, 
Fort  Madison,  Pop.  in  1870,  37,210;  in  1880,  34,859;  in 
J890,  37,715. 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
about  228  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  same. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
corn  is  the  staple  product.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Kentucky  Union  and  Rich- 
mond, Nicholasville,  Irvine  <fc  Beattyville  Railroads.  Cap- 
ital, Beattyville.  Pop,  in  1870,  3055;  in  1880,4254;  in 
1890,  6205, 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an 
area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River  and  several  creeks  which  enter  that  river. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  elm,  magnolia,  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Cretaceous  strata  underlie  the  surface 
of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  and 
Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham  Railroads.  Capital, 
Tupelo.  Pop,  in  1870,  15,955;  in  1880,20,470;  in  1890, 
20,040, 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  hsis  an  area 
of  640  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Yegua 
Creek.  The  Colorado  River  almost  touches  the  S.  extremity 
of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  and 
San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroads.  Capital,  Giddings. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8937 ;  in  1890,  11,952. 

Lee,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Virginia, 
borders  on  Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  Area,  about  429  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Powell's  River,  and  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  surface  is  partly 
diversified  by  Powell's  Mountain,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore 
and  limestone  are  abundant  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Jonesville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  13,268;  in  1880,  15,116;  in  1890,  18,216, 

Lee,  a  post.-ofl5ce  of  Lee  co,.  Ark. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co,,  Cal.     Pop,  541, 

Lee,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  111.     Pop.  1277. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.     Pop.  918. 

Lee,  a  thriving  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Iowa  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farming-implements. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  oo,,  Iowa.  Pop.  461. 
It  contains  Sioux  Rapids. 


Lee,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  208. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  426. 

Lee,  a  post-office  of  Union  co,,  Iowa. 

Lee,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co,,  Kansas, 

Lee,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co,.  Me.,  in  Lee  town- 
ship, about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  960. 

Lee,  a  post-village  of  Lee  township,  Berkshire  oo., 
Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  and  on  the  Housatonio 
Railroad,  11  miles  S,  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  38  miles  S.E. 
of  Albany,  N,Y.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here  are  several 
woollen-factories  and  large  paper-mills.  The  township  has 
quarries  of  fine  white  marble,  which  is  exported  to  distant 
cities.  Pop.  of  township,  3900.  It  contains  villages  named 
East  Lee  and  South  Lee. 

Lee,  a  post-township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  294. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1115. 

Lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co..  Mo.,  20  miles  W.  of 
Mill  Spring  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Platte  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2290. 

Lee,  or  Lee  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lee  township, 
Strafibrd  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad, 
about  9  miles  S.W,  of  Dover,  and  15  miles  S.  by  W,  of 
Rochester,  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  contains  a 
village  named  Wadley's  Falls,  on  Lamprey  River,  Pop.  of 
township,  776, 

Lee,  a  small  post-village  of  Lee  township,  Oneida  co., 
N,T,,  8  or  9  miles  N,W.  of  Rome,  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cheese-faotory.  The  township  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  Lee  Centre,  and  a  hamlet  named  Delta,  It  has  sev- 
eral tanneries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2425. 

Lee,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Lee,  a  post-township  of  Athens  co.,  0,,  about  44  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marietta,  Pop,  1146,  It  contains  the  village 
of  Albany,  at  which  is  Lee  Post-Office, 

Lee,  a  township  of  Carroll  co,,  0,     Pop,  901. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Monroe  co,,  0,  Pop,  1114.  It  con- 
tains Sardis,  on  the  Ohio  River, 

Lee,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S,C,    Pop.  1181. 

Lee  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  HI,,  in  Lee 
Centre  township,  near  Green  River,  3^  miles  N,E,  of  Am- 
boy,  and  14  miles  S,E,  of  Dixon,  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1028, 

Lee  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Oneida  co,,  N.Y,,  in  Le« 
township,  8  miles  N,  of  Rome,  and  22  miles  N.W,  of  Utica. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  tannery. 
Pop,  355, 

Leech,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.     Pop.  1258. 

Leech'bnrg,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Alleghany  township,  on  Kiskiminetas  River,  and  on  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  35  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
a  rolling-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.   P.  (1890)  1921. 

Leech  Lake,  in  the  N.  part  of  Minnesota,  is  about 
7  miles  S.  of  Lake  Cass.  It  is  nearly  20  miles  long  and  15 
miles  wide.  Its  surplus  water  is  discharged  by  a  short  out- 
let into  the  Mississippi  River.     Elevation,  1330  feet. 

Leech  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake 
of  the  same  name. 

Leech's  Corners,  or  Salem,  a  post- village  of  Mer- 
cer CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  at  Salem  Station,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Jamestown,  and 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Leech'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  on  an 
inlet  of  Pamlico  Sound,  about  55  miles  N.E.  of  Newbem. 
It  has  3  churches, 

Leechville,  Huron  co,,  Ontario.     See  Gorrie. 

Leeds,  a  borough,  the  principal  woollen-manufacturing 
town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Aire,  across  which  it^ communicates  with  its 
suburbs  Holbeck  and  Hunslet  by  five  bridges,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  York,  at  the  junction  of  numerous  railways.  Pop. 
(1891)  367,506.  The  town  lies  chiefly  in  a  crescent-shaped 
valley.  It  has  several  good  and  spacious  thoroughfares. 
The  district  on  the  W,  is  new,  and  inhabited  by  the  wealthier 
classes.  The  population  on  this  side  of  the  town  is  increas- 
ing very  rapidly,  and  new  streets  and  roads  have  been  laid 
out.  Manufactures  comprise  woollens,  iron-works,  worsteds, 
silks,  potteries,  glass-wares,  dye-works,  flax-spinning,  and 
leather.  Principal  edifices  are  the  town  hall,  a  rectangu- 
lar pile  of  250  by  200  feet,  standing  on  an  elevated  plat- 
form, and  presenting  four  handsome  facades  enriched  with 
Corinthian  columns ;  the  roof  of  the  Victoria  hall,  in  the 
centre,  is  95  feet  high,  and  the  S.  entrance  is  surmounted 


LEE 


1627 


LEE 


by  a  square  tower  and  dome  225  feet  high ;  the  commer- 
cial buildings,  with  news-  and  concert-rooms,  the  central 
market,  the  free  and  south  markets,  royal  exchange,  court- 
house (converted  into  a  post-ofi&ce),  cavalry  barracks,  with 
a  parade-ground,  occupying  11  or  12  acres,  rifle  corps  pa- 
rade-grounds and  orderly-rooms,  the  hall  of  the  literary 
and  philosophical  society,  comprising  a  spacious  lecture- 
theatre  and  museum-rooms  well  stocked,  three  theatres,  a 
music  hall,  assembly-rooms,  and  public  baths.  The  new 
infirmary  was  opened  in  1868.  The  building  cost  over 
£100,000.  Close  to  it  is  the  Leeds  School  of  Medicine. 
The  Bank  of  England  has  a  very  handsome  erection  for  its 
branch  in  Leeds.  A  few  of  the  banks,  warehouses,  hotels, 
club-houses,  and  stations  are  remarkable  for  their  large  di- 
mensions. There  is  a  borough  jail  here  in  the  castellated 
stylo,  and  second  to  none  of  its  class  in  the  kingdom.  A 
cattle-market,  about  6  acres  in  extent,  was  formed  in  1855. 
There  are  now  36  churches  in  the  parish,  and  numerous 
dissenting  places  of  worship ;  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
and  also  a  magnificent  cathedral,  which  is  available  for  use, 
though  for  want  of  funds  the  details  have  not  been  all  car- 
ried out.  In  1874  a  college  of  science  was  started.  The 
grammar-school  has  a  revenue  of  £1675  a  year;  it  is  situ- 
ated on  the  edge  of  Woodhouse  Moor,  an  open  piece  of 
ground  of  above  60  acres  in  extent,  belonging  to  the  cor- 
poration. There  are  several  almshouses  in  the  town,  of 
which  the  Harrison  almshouses,  as  well  as  St.  John's 
church,  which  is  a  very  rich  foundation,  were  established 
and  endowed  by  the  liberality  of  Mr.  John  Harrison. 
There  are  also  many  schools,  public  and  subscription  libra- 
ries, the  school  of  arts,  and  mechanics'  institute.  The 
infirmary  has  an  annual  income  of  nearly  £5000.  Other 
medical  charities  are  the  fever  hospital,  the  hospital  for 
women  and  children  (both  possessing  elegant  and  imposing 
buildings),  the  eye  and  ear  infirmary,  and  public  dispensary. 
The  Leeds  workhouse  is  a  magnificent  and  extensive  build- 
ing. Among  the  buildings  in  the  town  may  be  mentioned 
the  white  and  colored  cloth  halls,  in  which  the  sales  from 
the  manufacturers  to  the  merchants  are  effected ;  although 
extensive  buildings,  they  do  not  present  an  impeding  ap- 
pearance externally.  The  sale-room  is  a  very  large  one, 
and  has  1250  stalls.  In  connection  with  the  Leeds  water- 
works ia  the  store  reservoir  at  Eccup  (about  6  miles  N.  of 
Leeds),  covering  50  acres  and  containing  257  millions  of 
gallons  J  there  are  also  service  reservoirs  at  Weetwood  and 
Woodhouse  Moor  of  10  and  6  acres  and  holding  respect- 
ively 28  and  5  millions  of  gallons.  About  3  miles  from 
the  town  is  a  fine  park,  300  acres  in  extent,  formed  from 
the  Roundhay  Park  estate.  The  position  of  Leeds,  on  the 
edge  of  an  extensive  coal-field,  and  having  communication 
with  the  sea  by  the  river  Aire,  and  with  the  Mersey  at 
Liverpool  and  the  Humber  at  Goole  by  means  of  canals, 
and  to  all  parts  of  the  country  by  railways,  has  led  to  its 
eminence  in  woollen-manufacture.  Its  principal  fabrics 
consist  of  the  finest  broadcloths,  kerseymeres,  swandown, 
and  beavers;  in  addition,  carpets,  blankets,  camlets,  and 
shalloons  are  woven,  and  large  quantities  of  unfinished 
stuffs  are  brought  from  Bradford  and  Halifax  to  be  finished. 
Linen  yarn,  canvas,  sacking,  and  linen  cloth  are  the  chief 
flaxen  goods  produced.  The  factories  for  machinery,  chemi- 
cal works,  glass-houses,  potteries,  tanneries,  tobacco-fac- 
tories, oil-  and  seed-orushing-mills,  steam  flour-,  saw-,  and 
paper-mills,  and  soap-works,  are  extensive.  But  in  the 
last  few  years  the  working  of  iron  has  taken  such  a  stride 
as  almost  to  vie  in  importance  with  the  woollen-manufac- 
ture ;  and  this  circumstance,  combined  with  the  fact  that  so 
many  and  such  varied  works  are  in  full  and  vigorous  oper- 
ation, has  secured  for  Leeds  a  healthy  and  prosperous 
progress  among  the  recent  vicissitudes  and  depression  of 
some  of  her  trades.  The  assizes  for  the  West  Riding  have 
been  held  in  the  Leeds  town  hall  since  1864.  Leeds  returns 
three  members  to  Parliament. 

liCedS)  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  4^  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Maidstone.  Leeds  Castle  is  a  fine  old  quad- 
rangular pile,  surrounded  by  a  moat.     Pop.  of  parish,  711. 

Leeds,  a  post-township  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  An- 
droscoggin River.  Pop.  1288.  Leeds  Centre  Station  is  on 
the  Androscoggin  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Leeds  Junction. 

Leeds,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  North- 
ampton township,  on  Mill  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven  So 
Northampton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  Haydenville.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office, 
a  silk-mill  (100  hands),  a  manufactory  of  buttons  (250 
hands),  and  the  works  of  the  emery-wheel  company.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Leeds,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  213. 


Leeds,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Catskill 
township,  on  Catskill  Creek,  4  miles  N.W.  of  the  village  of 
Catskill.  It  contains  2  churches  and  2  woollen-factories. 
Pop.  847. 

Leeds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in  Leeds 
township,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1103. 

Leeds,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ontario,  near  tbt 
commencement  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  which  forms  its 
S.  boundary.  Within  its  limits  are  several  small  lakes, 
which  form  the  sources  of  the  Cataraqui  and  Rideau  Rivers. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway ;  the 
Brockville  &  Ottawa  Railway  crosses  its  N.E.  extremity. 
Area,  900  square  miles.     Capital,  Brockville.    Pop.  35,302. 

Leeds,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  18  miles 
E.  of  Becancour  Station.  It  contains  iron-  and  copper- 
mines,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  5  stores.     Pop,  500. 

Leeds  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis., 
in  Leeds  township,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Portage  City. 
There  are  several  churches  near  it. 

Leeds  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Androscoggin  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Leeds  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  is 
near  the  sea,  9  miles  N.  of  Atlantic  City. 

Leeds'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  has  a  church. 

Leeds'town,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Leeds  Village,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Me- 
gantic, Quebec,  2  miles  S.  of  Leeds.  It  contains  the  county 
buildings. 

Leeds'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  sea- 
shore, in  Egg  Harbor  township,  3  miles  from  Pleasantville 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Leedsville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  3i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Red  Bank,  and  about  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Long 
Branch.     It  has  a  chapel. 

Leedsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Amenia  township,  about  60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 

Leedsville,  West  Virginia.     See  Leadsville. 

Leefdaal,  or  Leefdael,  laird&l',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Brabant,  13  miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1880. 

Leefoga,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Lefooga. 

Leegetan,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Ligitan. 

Lee  Hill,  New  Hampshire.     See  Lee. 

Leek,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Chur- 
net,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Macclesfield.  The  town,  in 
a  vale  in  the  hilly  district  called  the  Moorlands,  has  a 
church,  a  pyramidal  cross,  supposed  to  be  Danish,  a  town 
hall,  workhouse,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  silks  and 
ribbons.  A  canal  connecting  it  with  the  Trent  and  Mer- 
sey, and  an  abundance  of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  facilitate  its 
trade.     Pop.  11,331. 

Leek,  or  De  Leek,  d^  laik,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Groningen.  Pop. 
of  commune,  4740. 

Leelanaw,  lee'la-naw,  a  northwestern  county  of  Mich- 
igan, has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  a  penin- 
sula, bounded  on  the  E.  by  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  and  on 
the  N.W.  and  W.  by  Lake  Michigan.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple, 
beech,  and  hemlock  qibound.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Manistee  &  Northeastern 
Railroad.  Wheat,  lumber,  potatoes,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Leland.  Pop.  in  1870,  4576; 
in  1880,  6253;  in  1890,  7944. 

Leelanaw,  a  township  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  bounded 
W.  by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  1397.    It  contains  Northport. 

Lee'mon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  is 
6  miles  from  Neely's  Landing,  which  is  on  the  Mississippi 
River.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lee^mont',  a  post-village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  26  miles 
S.  of  Pocomoke  City.     It  has  two  churches. 

Leende,  lain'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  1375. 

Leen'throp,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.  P.  327. 

Lee'pertown,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River.     Pop.  387. 

Leer,  laiR,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  17  miles  S. 
of  Aurich,  on  the  Leda,  near  its  junction  with  the  Ems.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linens,  hosiery,  soap,  vinegar,  and  to- 
bacco; also  distilleries,  steam  mills,  a  fine  church,  good 
docks,  and  a  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  9335. 

Leerdam,  laiRM&m',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dort.     Pop.  2996. 

Leer  sum,  laiR'sum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1174. 


LEE 


1628 


LEE 


Lee's,  a  hamlet  in  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama 
Central  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  York  Station. 

Lee's,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  631. 

Lee's,  a  station  in  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chester  Val- 
ley Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Lee's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the  rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Blackville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Lees'burg,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cherokee  co,,  Ala. 

Leesbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Fla.,  near  Lakes 
Harris  and  Griffin,  9  miles  W.  of  Tavares,  and  about  65 
milesS.  by  W.of  Palatka.  It  contains  3  churches.  Oranges, 
lemons,  bananas,  guavas,  Ac,  flourish  here.     Pop.  722. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  442. 

Leesburg,  a  village  of  Lemhi  oo.,  Idaho,  about  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Salmon  City. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Plain  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  has  2  churches,  1  grist- 
mill, and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  320. 

Leesburg,  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  about  150. 

Leesburg,  a  post-office  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich. 

Leesburg,  Missouri.    See  Duncan's  Bridge. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Maurice  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Millville. 

Leesburg,  a  station  in  Pender  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &  Weldo'ii  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Leesburg,  or  Lees'ville,  a  village  of  Carroll  co.,  C, 
on  Conotten  Creek,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Toledo  Railroad, 
about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  373.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Leesville. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village  of  Highland  oo.,  0.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  64 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  34  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  a  union  school,  2  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  508. 

Leesburg,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  1410. 

Leesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  Ne- 
shannock  Creek,  and  on  the  New  Castle  A  Franklin  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Leesburg,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.     It  has  a  church. 

Leesburg,  a  post- village  of  Camp  oo.,  Texas,  about  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Longview.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and 
a  steam  grist-mill. 

Leesburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
is  situated  3  miles  from  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the 
Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria, 
and  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  academy, 
3  newspaper  offices,  and  the  Leesburg  Female  Institute. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1650. 

Lee's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
in  Ingersoll  township,  about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Lee's  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southwestward  and  south- 
eastward in  Crawford  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  2 
or  3  miles  above  Van  Buren. 

Lee's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  in 
Lee's  Creek  township,  20  miles  N.  of  Van  Buren.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  654. 

Lee's  Creek,  Clinton  co.,  0.     See  Centreville. 

Lee's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  - 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  17  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle. 

Lee's  Lick,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
from  Cynthiana.     It  has  5  houses. 

Lee's  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  N.C, 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Tarborough.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  cotton.  Pop.  of  Lee's 
Mills  township,  1522. 

Lees'port,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  leather,  lime,  Ac. 

Lee's  Siding,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  New- 
ark, Somerset  A  Straitsville  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Junc- 
tion City. 

Lee's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C. 

Lee's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  from  Bealeton  Staf'on.     It  has  a  mill  and  a  store. 

Lee's  Sum'mit,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas 


City,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  banking- 
office,  5  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  900. 

Lees'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  oo.,  Cal.,  about  76 
miles  N.W.  of  Sacramento. 

Leesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on 
Salmon  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a 
cotton-factory. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Ind.,  5  milfls 
N.  of  Fort  Ritner  Station,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bedford. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Leesville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Vernon  parish,  La., 
90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  court-house. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  brick-yard. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on  Tebo 
Creek,  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Leesville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jackson 
township,  7  miles  from  Imlaystown. 

Leesville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  abt.ut  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  2  ohurches. 

Leesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C,  10  miles 
S.  of  Lumberton.     It  has  a  church. 

Leesville,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  Leesburg. 

Leesville,  a  village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  W.  of 
Crestline.  It  has  2  ohurches.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Leesville  Cross  Roads. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Leesville,  a  station  in  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Florence. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Kingsbury.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Leesville  Institute, 
and  a  manufactory  of  harness.     Pop.  about  300. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Staunton  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Lynch's  Station,  and  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Leesville  Cross  Roads,  Ohio.    See  Leesville. 

Leet,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  629.  It 
contains  Leetsdale. 

Leetes  (leets)  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Shore  Line 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  Here  are  granite 
quarries. 

Leetonia,  le-to'n^-a,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  oo., 
0.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Alliance.  It  is  also  on 
the  Niles  A  New  Lisbon  Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of 
New  Lisbon.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  rolling-mill, 
2  potteries,  a  foundry,  a  newspaper  office,  4  blast-furnaces 
for  pig-iron,  an  edge-tool-factory,  boiler-works,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2826. 

Lee'town,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.,  W.  Va.,  aboat 
13  miles  W.  of  Harper's  Ferry. 

Leets'dale,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Leet 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Leets'ville,  a  post-office  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  141  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

Leeuw,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Leau. 

Leeuwarden,  lo'waRM^n  or  14'ii-^aRM§n  (Frisian, 
Lieuwert,  lyo'^drt ;  L.  Leovar'dia),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  on  the  Ee,  10  miles  from  the  sea,  though  once 
it  lay  on  the  shores  of  a  deep  bay.  The  town  is  well  built, 
adorned  with  numerous  elegant  edifices,  both  public  and 
private,  and  is  intersected  by  numerous  canals.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  the  former  Court  of  the  Stadtholders, 
now  a  royal  palace,  the  government  house,  the  old  Land- 
huis,  now  used  for  the  courts,  the  house  of  correction,  the 
civil  and  military  prison,  a  large,  handsome  town  house, 
the  weigh-house,  corn  exchange,  barracks,  and  the  churches. 
The  benevolent  institutions  include  hospitals,  poor-houses, 
and  schools  for  the  poor.  Of  other  schools  there  are  3  Latin, 
a  town's  commercial,  and  numerous  elementary  and  inter- 
mediate, and  there  are  likewise  several  learned  societies,  as 
the  Society  of  Frisian  History,  Antiquities,  and  Languages, 
a  natural  history  society,  Ac,  and  a  museum  of  antiquity. 
Leeuwarden  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  the  produce 
of  the  province.  It  has  breweries,  distilleries,  potteries, 
tan-yards,  boat-building-yards,  rope-walks,  manufactures 
of  chiccory,  tobacco,  soap,  and  linen,  and  saw-,  oil-,  cement-, 
and  corn-mills.     Pop.  in  1886,  29,329;  in  1890,  30,590. 

Leeuwen,lo'w§n  or  15'u-^?n,  a  village  of  the  Nether 
lands,  in  Gelderland,  14  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.  Pop.  1520. 


LEE 


1629 


LEG 


Leeuwin  (l&'ii-win  or  lew'in)  Land  comprises  most 
of  the  colony  of  West  Australia  S.  of  lat.  30°  S. 

liCe  Val'ley,  a  post-oflBce  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn.,  in  a 
fertile  valley  of  the  same  name,  13  miles  W.  of  Rogersville. 

Leevilley  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  West  Eaton. 

Ijee'ville)  a  post- village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  &  Pacific  Kailroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Nashville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Lee'ward  Islands  (so  called  in  distinction  from  the 
Windward  Islands,  with  reference  to  the  trade-winds),  a 
name  used  by  geographers  in  various  senses.  (1.)  A  part  of 
the  West  India  Islands,  including  Porto  Rico  and  all  those 
islands  which  lie  to  the  W  (or  leeward)  of  it.  (2.)  A  chain 
of  islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  extending  westward  from 
Trinidad  and  Tobago  (not  including  them)  along  the  N. 
coast  of  South  America.  Margarita,  Buen  Ayre,  and 
Gurayoa  are  the  largest  of  this  chain.  They  are  usually 
regarded  as  part  of  the  West  Indian  Archipelago.  (3.)  A 
federal  colony  of  Great  Britain,  comprising  the  West  Indian 
islands  of  Antigua,  St.  Christopher,  Nevis,  Dominica;  Mont- 
serrat,  and  the  Virgin  Islands,  with  several  minor  isles. 
The  principal  islands  have  each  a  separate  local  legislature, 
with  powers  subordinate  to  the  general  legislative  council 
and  to  a  governor  appointed  by  the  crown.  Area,  710 
square  miles.     Capital,  St.  John's,  in  Antigua.     P.  120,501. 

Le  Faou,  l§h  fi^oo',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chateaulin.     Pop.  1150. 

lie  Faouet)  l§h  f4^oo-4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  on  the  Ellg,  24  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1296. 

Le  Fayl-Billot,  l^h  fail  (or  fdl)  bee^o',  or  Le  Fays- 
Billot,  l^h  fi  bee^yo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Langres.     Pop.  2179. 

Lefever,  or  Lefevre,  l^-fe'v'r,  a  hamlet  of  Bartholo- 
mew CO.,  Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Le  Fe'ver  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
near  Rosendale  Station  on  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad. 

Leffe,  15f  f4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1687. 

Leff'ler's,  a  station  in  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Bur- 
lington. 

Le  Fidelaire,  l^h  feeM^h-liB',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Eure,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1343. 

Lef  ke,  18f'k5h,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  45  miles  E.N.E. 
"f  Brusa,  neatly  built  of  sun-baked  brick. 

Lefke,  iWkee,  a  village  of  Ithaca,  Ionian  Islands,  li 
miles  N.W.  of  Vathi. 

Lefkosia,  l£f-ko-zee'i,  more  commonly  Nicosia, 
ne-ko-zee'4,  the  capital  city  of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  near 
its  centre.  Pop.  12,515,  about  two-thirds  Turks.  It  is  a 
Venetian  converted  into  a  Turkish  city,  having  bastioned 
walls,  mosques  which  have  all  been  churches,  one  a  fine 
Gothic  edifice,  several  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches 
and  convents,  a  large  caravansary,  and  some  baths.  The 
houses  are  furnished  with  balconies  and  enclosed  by  gar- 
dens, <fcc.,  but  its  streets  are  narrow  and  dirty,  and  it  is 
mostly  in  decay.  It  has  manufactures  of  carpets,  printed 
cottons,  and  red  leather,  and  some  trade  in  cotton  and  wine. 
It  has  a  Greek  archbishop  and  an  Armenian  bishop. 

Leflore,  or  Le  Flore,  1^  flor,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Mississippi.  Area,  660  square  miles.  The  Talla- 
hatchee  and  Yalabusba  Rivers  unite  in  this  county  and  form 
the  Yazoo  River,  traversing  the  S.  part.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  cotton  is  the  staple  product.  This  county  was  formed 
since  1870,  of  parts  of  Carroll  and  Sun  Flower  cos.  Capital, 
Greenwood.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,246;  in  1890,  16,869. 

Leflore,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  54  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

Leflore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grenada  co..  Miss.,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Grenada. 

Le  Foeil,  l§h  ful,  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  1832. 

Lefooga,  Lefouga,  Lefuga,  Ie-foo'g&,  written  also 
Lefouka,  le-foo'ki,  and  Leefo'ga,  one  of  the  Tonga 
Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  10°  48'  12"  S. ; 
Ion.  174°  20'  W.     It  is  about  7  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad. 

Le^froy',  a  post-village  of  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Northern  Railway,  62  miles  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  300. 

Left  Hand,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  "Va. 

Leftro,  Greece.     See  Leuctua. 

Lefuga  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Lefooga. 

Leganes,  l4-gi'n5s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2938. 

Leganiel,  li-gi-ne-Sl',  a  village  of  Spain,  New  Castile, 
38  miles  from  Cuenca.     Pop.  1137. 

Legan,  li'gow,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Kempten.     Pop.  1767 


Legazpia,  l4-g3,s'pe-4  or  14-g&th'pe-&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Biscay,  on  the  Urola,  27  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian. 

Legelshurst,  l&'ghSls-h5oRst\  a  village  of  Baden,  cir- 
cle of  Middle  Rhine.     Pop.  1450. 

Le  Genest,  a  village  of  France.     See  Genest. 

Le^gett',  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1365. 

Leghorn,  Ifig'horn  or  l5g-horn'  (It.  Livorno,  le-vor'no; 
Fr.  Livourne,  leeVooRn' ;  Sp.  Liorna,  le-OR'ni;  anc.  Li- 
bur'num,  Libnr'ni  Por'tua,  and  Her'culia  Libro'nia  Por'tua), 
a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Leghorn, 
on  a  tongue  of  land  extending  into  the  Mediterranean, 
lat.  43°  32'  42"  N.,  Ion.  10°  27'  45"  E.,  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Florence,  with  which,  and  with  Pisa,  Genoa,  and  Rome, 
it  is  connected  by  railway,  and  a  navigable  canal  extends 
to  the  Arno.  It  is  well  built,  with  spacious,  regular,  and 
well-paved  streets.  It  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin, 
and  hence  possesses  few  objects  of  interest  in  architecture 
and  art.  The  most  remarkable  buildings  and  establishments 
are  the  Duomo;  a  new  cathedral,  the  church  of  the  Madonna, 
with  good  pictures  by  Roselli  and  Volterrano;  two  Greek 
churches;  a  synagogue,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world;  a 
mosque ;  a  ducal  palace ;  a  marble  statue  of  Ferdinand  I.  by 
Pietra  Tacea ;  the  lazarettos,  well-managed  institutions  and 
remarkable  structures,  that  of  San  Leopoldo  being  one  of 
the  most  magnificent  works  of  the  kind  in  Europe ;  the 
Torre  de  Marzocco,  built  of  red  marble ;  a  theatre,  a  public 
library,  and  an  aqueduct.  The  manufactures  consist  chiefly 
of  articles  in  coral,  of  which  there  is  a  valuable  fishery, 
woollen  and  silk  goods,  straw  bonnets,  glass,  paper,  soap, 
cordage,  starch,  leather,  &o. 

Leghorn  has  an  extensive  trade,  both  general  and  transit, 
furnishing  the  chief  source  of  its  prosperity.  The  harbor 
is  of  large  extent,  and  has  been  of  late  much  enlarged  and 
improved,  but  is  somewhat  difficult  of  entrance.  The  outer 
harbor  is  protected  by  a  fine  mole.  The  depth  of  water  at  its 
extremity,  however,  is  not  more  than  18  feet.  The  roadstead, 
lying  W.N.  W.  of  the  harbor,  is  protected  by  a  long  sandbank, 
which  breaks  the  violence  of  the  waves,  and,  though  ex- 
posed at  times  to  a  heavy  swell,  has  good  anchorage.  The 
principal  exports  are  silk,  raw  and  manufactured,  straw, 
raw  and  plaited,  straw  bonnets,  borax  and  boracic  acid, 
fruit,  wine,  oil,  coral,  marble,  paper,  timber,  corn,  hemp, 
anchovies,  Ac. ;  the  principal  imports,  colonial  produce,  raw 
cotton,  cotton  twist,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  dye-stuffa, 
metals,  hardware,  petroleum,  earthenware,  salted  fish,  Ac. 

Leghorn  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  the  residence  of  a  civil 
and  a  military  governor,  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  for- 
eign consulates,  sanitary  directory,  several  important  public 
offices,  and  literary,  scientific,  artistic,  and  benevolent  in- 
stitutions. Though  originally  a  Roman  port,  it  has  not  a 
vestige  of  antiquity,  and  had  dwindled  down  into  a  fishing 
village,  when  its  great  capabilities  for  commerce  were_ 
discerned  by  the  Medici  family,  who  surrounded  it  with' 
fortifications,  constructed  its  harbor,  and  bestowed  upon 
it  valuable  privileges,  of  which  not  the  least  important  was 
full  toleration  to  all  nations  and  creeds.  Pop.  ( 1 892)  1 04,000. 

Leghorn  (It.  Livomo),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
comprising  the  city  of  Leghorn  and  the  island  of  Elba. 
Area,  109  square  miles.     Pop.  (1892)  124,902. 

Leg'horn,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Legiep,  14-Gheep',  or  Count  Heiden  (hi'd9n\  Is- 
lands, a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marshall  Archipelago. 
Lat.  9°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  169°  13'  E. 

Legio,  supposed  Latin  name  of  Lbjoon. 

Legio  Septima  Gemina,  the  ancient  name  of  Leon. 

Legnago,  Ifin-yi'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  S.E.  of 
Verona,  on  the  Olona  and  Adige.     Pop.  13,355.     It  has  a 
royal  gymnasium,  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  large  fortifications, 
manufactures  of  leather  and   hats,   and  extensive  corn 
markets. 

Legnaja,  Borgo  di,  boR'go  dee  ]dn-yi'&,  a  village  of 
Italy,  forming  a  suburb  of  Florence  on  the  W.    Pop.  11,250. 

Legnano,  lin-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Olona,  here  crossed  by 
two  stone  bridges  connecting  the  two  portions  of  the  town. 
Pop.  6685. 

Legni,  lin'yee,  or  Leyni,  li^nee',  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3868. 

Le  Gosier,  or  Le  Gozier,  l^h  go^zeer'  or  l^h  go^ze-i', 
a  maritime  village  of  the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  La  Pointe-^-Pltre.     Pop.  3670. 

Legrad,  14-gr&d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad, 
on  the  Drave,  10  miles  N.  of  Kopreinitz.     Pop.  2753. 

Le  Grand,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in.Le 
Grand  township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marshalltown. 
It   has  an   academy,  a  Christian   institute,  a  quarry  of 


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marble,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill  for 
sawing  stone.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890, 1744. 

Le  Grand,  a  post-oflBce  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 

lie  Grand- S erre,  I?h  grdN»-saiB',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Dr6me,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1549. 

Le  Guildo,  l?h  gheerdo',  a  port  of  France,  on  the 
English  Channel,  10  miles  W.  of  Saint-Malo, 

Leh  or  L6,  l&,  or  Lei,  li'ee,  a  city  of  Asia,  capital  of 
Ladakh,  in  the  valley  of  the  Indus,  N.  of  the  Himalayas. 
Lat.  34°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  45'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall 
and  towers,  and  has  several  Booddhic  temples  and  the 
rajah's  palace,  an  active  trade  in  shawl-wool,  and  a  mint. 
Pop.  variously  estimated  at  from  4000  to  12,000. 

Le  Have,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Have  and  La  Have. 

Le-Havre-de-Gr&ce,  or  Le  Havre.    See  Havre. 

Lehe,  li'hi,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
Weser  and  Geeste,  near  Bremerhaven.    Pop.  7867. 

Lehesten,  li'5s-t§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Grafenthal.     Pop.  1706. 

Le'hi  City,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Utah  Lake,  and  on  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  American  Fork  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Lehigh,  lee'hi,  a  river  of  Pennsylvania,  rises  near  the  S. 
extremity  of  Wayne  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  to  White- 
haven, forming  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Lacka- 
wanna and  Luzerne  on  the  right  and  Monroe  and  Carbon 
on  the  left.  It  flows  nearly  southeastward  from  Mauch 
Chunk  to  Allentown,  and  thence  northeastward  to  Easton, 
where  it  enters  the  Delaware.  Length,  about  120  miles. 
About  10  miles  below  Mauch  Chunk  it  passes  through  a 
gorge,  or  gap,  in  the  Kittatinny  Mountain.  Rich  mines  of 
anthracite  are  worked  near  this  river,  which  traverses  a 
hilly  and  picturesque  region.  Railroads  run  along  its  banks 
from  Easton  to  Whitehaven  (71  miles),  and  introduce  the 
tourist  to  a  long  succession  of  beautiful  prospects. 

Lehigh,  an  eastern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  has  an 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Lehigh  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Jordan 
and  Saucon  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  undu- 
lating, and  is  remarkable  for  picturesque  scenery.  The 
Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain  extends  along  the  N.W.  border 
of  this  county,  which  comprises  a  part  of  the  beautiful  and 
fertile  Kittatinny  Valley.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  is  the  chief 
article  of  export,  its  numerous  and  extensive  iron-worka 
being  reputed  to  produce  a  greater  annual  value  of  pig 
iron  than  those  of  any  other  county  in  the  United  States. 
Silurian  limestone  and  slate  are  abundant  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading 
.Railroad,  the  latter  of  which  connects  it  with  Philadelphia. 
Capital,  Allentown.  Pop.  in  1870,  56,796 ;  in  1880,  65,969 ; 
in  1890,  76,631. 

Lehigh,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sumner 
and  Webster  townships,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  a  bank,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  in 
1890,  870. 

Lehigh,  a  station  in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of 
Stroudsburg. 

Lehigh,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3496. 
It  contains  Lockport,  Walnut  Port,  &c. 

Lehigh  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River  where  it  passes  through  the  Kittatinny 
Mountain,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  &  Sus- 
quehanna Railroads,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  The 
scenery  of  this  place  is  picturesque.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  leather,  and  paint. 

Lehigh  Tan'nery,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at 
Tannery  Station,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Lehighton,  lee'hi-tQn,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  and  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroads,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Mauch  Chunk,  and  25  miles  above  Allentown.  It  is 
partly  supported  by  operations  in  coal.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  6  churches,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  1937. 

Lehman,  lee'mg,n,  a  post-township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa. 
It  contains  2  churches,  and  a  hamlet  named  Lehman, 
which  is  10  or  11  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.     Pop.  799. 

Lehman,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  832. 

Lehmaster's,  lee-mas't^rz,  a  post-village  of  Franklin 
©0.,  Pa.,  in  Peters  township,  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Mercersburg.  It  has  2  stores  and 
a  large  warehouse. 


Lehmen,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Lemheny. 

Lehnin,  l&-neen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
government  and  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2130. 

Lehota,  Ii^ho't5h\  the  name  of  several  small  villages 
of  Hungary,  viz.,  Also  Lehota,  6rsho'  li^ho'toh^  (i.e., 
"Lower  Lehota"),  co.  of  Sohl,  10  miles  from  Neusohl.  Pop. 
840.  Fekete  Lehota,  f4*k4't4'  14^ho'tSh\  22  miles  from 
Rosenau.  Pop.  940.  Jang  Lehota,  yi'no^  14^ho't6h\  30 
miles  from  Schemnitz.  Pop.  960.  Kiraly  Lehota,  ke^r^' 
li^ho't5h^,  CO.  of  Liptau,  near  the  Waag.     Pop.  990. 

Le  Houlme,  l^h  hoolm,  a  villag&of  France,  in  Seine- 
Infgrieure,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  2053. 

Lehrberg,  laiR'biRO,  or  Lerchenoerg,  lin'K^n- 
b^RG^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Rezat, 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1155. 

Lehree,  or  Lehri,  I&'ree,  the  chief  town  of  Cutch 
Gundava,  Beloochistan,  35  miles  N.E.  of  B'hag.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  6000.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  well- 
supplied  bazaar. 

LelAia,  l&-hoo'&,  or  Oreehina  (o-ree-hee'n&)  Island, 
one  of  the  smaller  Sandwich  Islands,  ofi"  the  N.  end  of 
Nihau. 

Lei,  a  city  of  Central  Asia.     See  Leb. 

Leia,  li'yi  or  li'e-yi,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  57 
miles  S.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  17,033. 

Leibitz,  ll'bits  (Hun.  Lajhicz,  ll'bits^;  Slav.  Lihic- 
zium,  le-bit'se-oom),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  a 
small  river,  near  Kesmark.  Pop.  2507.  It  has  sulphur 
baths,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Leibnitz,  lib'nits,  or  Lindenstadt,  lin'd^n-st&ttS  a 
town  of  Styria,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Griitz.     Pop.  2040. 

Leicester,  lis't^r,  or  Leicestershire,  ISs't^r-shir, 
a  county  of  England,  nearly  in  its  centre,  having  N.  tb« 
cos.  of  Derby  and  Notts,  E.  Lincoln  and  Rutland,  S 
Northampton  and  Warwick,  and  W.  Warwick  and  Derby. 
Area,  803  square  miles,  nearly  all  arable.  Surface  undu- 
lating. Chief  rivers,  the  Trent  (on  the  N.  border)  and  Soar. 
The  breed  of  long-woolled  sheep  is  much  celebrated.  Coal 
and  some  iron  and  lead  are  wrought.  The  county  is  the 
principal  seat  of  the  woollen  hosiery  manufacture.  Leices- 
tershire is  connected  by  railways  and  canals  with  all  parts 
of  the  kingdom.  Chief  towns,  Leicester,  Loughborough, 
Hinckley,  Melton-Mowbray,  and  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.  It 
sends  six  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  four  being 
for  the  county.     Pop.  321.430. 

Leicester,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  a  county, 
on  the  Soar,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Rugby,  and  26i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Derby.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  near  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  is  generally  well 
built  and  clean.  It  has  many  churches,  a  news-room,  con- 
cert-hall, mechanics'  institute,  museum,  assembly-rooms, 
theatre,  exchange,  infirmary,  lunatic  asylum,  jail,  guild 
hall,  several  hospitals  and  other  charities,  bridewell,  some 
remains  of  a  castle,  the  great  hall  of  which  is  the  county 
court-house,  union  workhouse,  and  a  handsome  railway 
station.  Some  traces  of  the  ancient  walls  exist,  and  sev- 
eral fine  Roman  pavements  have  been  discovered.  Leices- 
ter is  the  principal  seat  in  England  for  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  other  hosiery.  Lace,  cords,  elastic  webs,  boots, 
shoes,  machinery,  farm-implements,  leather,  beer,  malt, 
castings,  and  bricks  are  extensively  manufactured.  The 
trade  is  greatly  facilitated  by  a  canal  communicating  with 
various  lines  of  navigation.  Leicester  is  a  place  of  consid- 
erable antiquity,  and  was  known  to  the  Romans  under  the 
name  of  Jia'Ue.  Under  the  Heptarchy  it  formed  part  of 
the  kingdom  of  Mercia,  and  in  874  was  seized  by  the 
Danes,  who  made  it  one  of  their  five  chief  cities.  It  was 
afterwards  surrounded  by  walls  and  defended  by  a  strong 
castle,  both  of  which  were  demolished  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  11.  It  suffered  severely  during  the  wars  of  Lancas 
ter  and  York,  and  also  during  the  Parliamentary  war, 
having,  in  the  latter,  been  first  taken  by  storm  by  the 
Royalists  and  then  retaken  by  the  Republicans.  In  the 
vicinity  are  remains  of  an  abbey  founded  in  1143.  Pop. 
in  1891,  142,051. 

Leicester,  les't^r,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Leicester  township,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Worcester. 
It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  the  Leicester  Academy,  a  pub- 
lic library,  a  town  hall,  a  national  bank,  and  a  savings- 
bank.  The  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  touches  the  S.  part 
of  the  township,  which  is  drained  by  the  sources  of  the 
Quinebaug  River,  and  has  manufactures  of  cards,  ma- 
chinery, and  woollen  goods.  It  contains  villages  named 
Cherry  Valley  and  Rochdale.     Pop.  of  township,  :{120. 

Leicester,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1662.     It  contains  Moscow. 


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Leicester,  post-township,  Buncombe  co,,  N.C.   P.  2180. 

Leicester)  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Otter  Creek.  It  contains  2  churches 
and  a  village  named  Leicester  Junction.  Pop.  630,  Leices- 
ter Post-Offiee  is  about  12  miles  S.  of  Middlebury. 

Leicester  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co., 
Vt.,  in  Leicester  township,  on  the  Onion  River,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Addison 
Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland. 

Leicestershire,  England.    See  Leicester. 

Leichlingen,  liK'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Wipper,  Pop.  5337. 
It  has  manufactures  of  broadcloth,  cassimere,  cotton,  and 
linen  goods. 

Leiden,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Lebeny. 

Leiden,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Leyden. 

Leidig's,  li'digs,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Harrisburg. 

Leidy,  li'd?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in  Leidy 
township,  on  Kettle  Creek,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Lock 
Haven.     Pop.  of  the  township,  515. 

Leigh,  lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at  a 
railway  junction,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Bolton.  It  has  a  gram- 
mar-school and  other  charities,  with  extensive  manufactures 
of  cambrics,  muslins,  and  fustians.  Coal  is  abundant,  and 
a  canal  communicates  with  the  Leeds  <fc  Liverpool  Canal. 
Pop.  of  parish,  28,702. 

Leigh,  lee,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb. 

Leighlin,  or  Old  Leighlin,  lee'lin,  a  decayed  vil- 
lage and  episcopal  see  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  of  Carlow, 
2i  miles  W.  of  Leighlin  Bridge.  It  has  a  venerable  ca- 
thedral, built  about  1185.  The  diocese,  founded  in  632,  is 
now  united  to  Ossory. 

Leighlin  Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  7^  miles 
S.W.  of  Carlow,  on  the  Barrow,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of 
10  arches.     Pop.  1066. 

Leighton,  lee'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  of 
Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Leighton,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Black  Oak  township,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.N.W,  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 

Leighton,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1233. 

Leighton-Buz'zard,  a  town  of  England,  in  Bedford- 
shire, near  the  Ouse,  on  the  Grand  Junction  Canal  and  the 
London  <k  Birmingham  Railway,  38  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
It  has  a  venerable  church,  a  beautiful  pentagonal  cross, 
said  to  have  been  erected  early  in  the  fourteenth  century, 
almshouses,  a  workhouse,  and  market-house.     Pop.  4696. 

Leighton  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

Leilan  or  Lelan,  W\kn',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azer- 
baijan, 25  miles  S.E.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  with  exten- 
sive ruins. 

Leimbach,  llm'blK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  29 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  1412. 

Leimen,  li'm^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.  of  Heidel- 
berg.    Pop.  1697. 

Leimersheim,  li'm?rs-hTme\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on"  the  Rhine,  7  miles  S.  of  Geruiersheim.  Pop.  1333. 

Leinach,  li'niK,  Oder,  o'b§r,  and  Unter,  oSn't§r, 
two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Wiirzburg.     United  pop.  2038. 

Leinbach's,  lin'baKs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Reading. 

Leine,  li'n§h,  a  river  of  Northwest  Germany,  rises 
in  the  Harz,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  130  miles  through 
Prussia,  Brunswick,  and  Hanover,  joins  the  Aller. 

Leiningen,  li'ning-§n,  a  principality  of  Germany, 
which  was  situated  between  the  Lower  Palatinate  and  the 
bishoprics  of  Speyer  and  Worms.  Area,  140  square  miles. 
It  is  now  shared  between  Baden  and  Rhenish  Bavaria. 

Leiningen,  li'ning-^n,  Alt,  4lt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate,  district 
of  Griinstadt.  Pop.  of  Alt  Leiningen,  877;  of  Neu  Lei- 
ningen, 684. 

Leinster,  lin'st^r  or  leen'st§r,  one  of  the  four  provinces 
of  Ireland,  on  its  E.  side,  comprising  the  counties  of  Dublin, 
Kildare,  Carlow,  Kilkenny,  King's,  Queen's,  Longford, 
Louth,  Meath,  Westmeath,  Wicklow,  and  Wexford.  Area, 
7611  square  miles.  Pop.  1,195,718.  The  S.  part  only  of 
this  province  formed  the  ancient  Irish  kingdom  of  the 
same  name,  and  the  N.  part  formed  the  kingdom  of  Meath. 

Leinster,  Mount,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  between 
the  counties  of  Carlow  and  Wexford,  6^  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
tonbarry.     Elevatiin.  2610  feet. 


Leipa,  Leippa,  or  Bohmisch  Leipa,  bo'misb 
l!'p&,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  41  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Prague.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  manufactures 
of  cloth,  linens,  cottons,  steel  goods,  and  vinegar.  Pop.  9244. 

Leiper's  (lee'p^rz)  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  William- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Leiperville,  lee'p^r-vil,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
on  Ridley  Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  stone- 
quarry. 

Leipheim,  Hp'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube, 
11  miles  E.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  1676. 

Leipnik,  llp'nik,  or  Lipnik,  lip'nik,  a  town  of  Mo 
ravia,  52  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  3894.  It  has 
a  Piarist  college  and  cloth-factories. 

Leippa,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Leipa. 

Leipsic,  lip'sik  (L.  and  It.  Lip'aia  ;  Ger.  Leipzig,  lip'- 
tsio;  Fr.  Leipsick,  iSp^seek'),  a  city  of  Saxony,  and  one  of 
the  chief  seats  of  commerce  in  Germany,  at  the  junction  of 
numerous  railways,  64  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dresden,  Lat.  51° 
20'  19"  N.;  Ion.  12°  22'  15"  E.  It  is  situated  in  an  ex- 
tensive plain  on  the  Elster,  here  joined  by  the  Pleisse  and 
Parde,  and  consists  of  an  old  central  town,  formerly  sur- 
rounded by  fortifications,  which  have  been  converted  into 
beautiful  walks  and  shrubberies,  called  the  Promenade,  and 
extensive  and  rapidly  increasing  suburbs.  In  the  central 
town  the  houses  are  mostly  lofty,  some  of  them  quaint- 
looking  ;  the  streets  are  narrow,  but  generally  straignt  and 
clean  and  well  lighted;  the  principal  ones  open  into  the 
market-place  or  square,  the  town  hall  (Rathhaus),  built  in 
1556,  being  on  the  one  side,  and  the  others  being  partly 
occupied  by  buildings  in  the  Renaissance  style.  The  other 
principal  buildings  within  the  old  boundaries  are  the 
churches  of  St.  Nicholas,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Paul,  and  St. 
Peter;  the  Augusteum,  an  elegant  modern  edifice,  contain- 
ing the  university,  founded  in  1409,  with  a  library  of 
350,000  volumes,  158  professors,  besides  private  teachers 
and  language-masters,  and  attended  by  above  3000  stu- 
dents; the  booksellers'  exchange,  used,  during  the  fairs, 
for  the  arrangement  of  accounts  between  the  country  houses 
and  their  agents  and  correspondents  in  Leipsic,  and  at 
other  times  for  exhibitions  of  paintings;  the  cloth  hall; 
I  the  town  school,  with  a  collection  of  antiquities;  the  thea- 
tres, and  the  Pleissenburg  or  castle,  now  partly  used  as 
barracks,  and  containing  the  observatory;  it  formed  part 
of  the  old  fortifications.  Not  far  from  the  Pleissenburg, 
opposite  the  Petersthor,  the  only  remaining  one  of  the  old 
gates,  and  in  the  centre  of  the  Konigsplatz,  is  a  colossal 
statue  of  King  Frederick  August,  who  died  in  1827,  Th« 
suburbs  are  composed  of  lofty,  elegant  buildings,  laid  oflF  in 
regular  streets,  interspersed  with  gardens,  possessing,  like 
the  central  town,  an  air  of  substantiality  and  comfort. 
They  contain  the  elegant  post-office  buildings,  the  church 
of  St.  John,  and  the  Roman  Catholic  church  in  modern 
Gothic,  in  some  respects  the  finest  building  in  the  city ;  the 
Rosenthal,  a  favorite  evening  resort,  composed  of  pleasant 
wooded  walks ;  and  numerous  gardens  and  such-like  places 
of  recreation.  Besides  the  university  library,  Leipsic  pos- 
sesses a  town  library  of  100,000  volumes,  containing  some 
valuable  MSS.  Schools  of  various  kinds  are  numerous  and 
good,  including  gymnasia,  an  academy  of  designing,  paint- 
ing, architecture,  &c.,  a  music  school  and  a  commercial 
school,  a  realschule,  charity  schools,  Ac.  There  are  8 
learned  societies,  a  botanic  garden,  several  hospitals,  in- 
cluding one  for  deaf-mutes,  and  numerous  baths,  Leipsio 
possesses  considerable  manufactures  of  cotton  stockings, 
leather,  hats,  silken  and  half-silken  goods,  soap,  sealing 
wax,  type,  tobacco,  and  numerous  minor  articles ;  it  has 
likewise  an  extensive  wool-spinning  establishment;  but 
its  greatest  manufacture  is  that  of  books.  Though  impor- 
tant for  its  manufactures,  Leipsic  is  still  more  important 
for  its  commerce,  carried  on  especially  through  its  noted 
fairs.  To  these  fairs  are  congregated  people  from  all  quar- 
ters of  Europe,  from  Asia,  and  from  America,  in  number 
often  equalling  that  of  the  entire  population  of  the  town. 
Every  house  and  yard  is  converted  into  a  place  of  business ; 
and  the  central  market-place,  the  main  streets,  and  s  large 
portion  of  the  promenade,  are  covered  with  booths  of 
dealers  in  porcelain,  Bohemian  glass,  lace,  linens,  domestio 
and  heavy  clotlis  of  all  kinds,  tobacco,  pipes,  leather,  shoes, 
jewelry,  hardware,  furs,  and  other  articles ;  but  the  more 
important  portion  of  the  business  is  transacted  in  the  prem- 
ises of  the  many  agents  of  manufacturing  houses,  both  Ger- 
man and  foreign,  who,  either  permanently  or  temporarily, 
are  located  here.  Leipsic  is  the  capittvl  of  one  of  the  four 
circles  of  Saxony,  and  the  seat  of  several  courts  of  justice. 
It  is  of  Wendish  origin;  was  destroyed  by  the  Bohemian 


LEI 


1632 


LEli 


duke  Wratislav  in  1082;  and,  after  being  walled,  it  was 
again  destroyed  by  Otto  IV.  in  1212;  and  400  houses  were 
burned  in  1420.  In  1680-81  the  plague  carried  ofiF  3000 
people.  After  this  its  commerce  increased,  its  fairs  became 
more  important,  and  the  seat  of  the  book-trade  was  trans- 
ferred to  it  from  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  It  suffered  much 
from  the  Seven  Years'  War,  but  soon  recovered.  October 
16-19,  1813,  the  great  battle  was  fought  around  and  in 
Leipsio  by  which  Germany  was  freed  from  the  French 
yoke,  and  Napoleon  received  his  first  decisive  defeat  at  the 
hands  of  the  Allies.  Pop.  in  1861,  78,495 ;  in  1880, 149,081  ; 
in  1890,  293,525,  or  with  suburbs,  353,272. 

Leipsic«  or  Leipzig,  a  circle,  forming  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  being  one  of  the  four  great  di- 
visions of  the  country.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Prus- 
sia, W.  by  Prussia  and  Saxe-Altenburg,  S.  by  the  circle  of 
Zwickau,  and  E.  by  the  circle  of  Dresden.  Area,  1378 
aquare  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Elbe,  and  lies 
lower  and  is  likewise  more  level  and  fertile  than  any  other 
part  of  Saxony.     Pop.  639,975. 

liCipsiC)  lip'sik,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  about  38  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Leipsic,  Orange  co.,  Ind.    See  Lancaster. 

liCipsic,  a  post- village  of  Putnam  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Day- 
ton &  Michigan  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Lima,  at  Roanoke 
Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  a  stave-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1353. 

Leiria,  or  Leyria,  li-ree'i,  a  city  of  Portugal,  in 
Estremadura,  on  the  Liz,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  2  colleges,  and  a  hospital. 
Pop.  2627. 

Leisnig,  lls'nie,  a  town  of  Saxony,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde.  Pop.  6751.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  fine  castle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  a 
gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linen,  and 
tobacco-pipes. 

Leissnits,  lis'nits,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  near 
Leobschiitz,  on  the  Stroduna.     Pop.  1880. 

Leistville,  leest'vil,  a  post-office  of  Pickaway  co.,  0. 

Leitchfield,  litch'feeld,  or  Litch'field,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah 
A  Southwestern  Railroad,  71  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville,  and 
about  38  miles  N.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  421. 

Leitchfield)  leetch'feeld,  a  hamlet  in  Annapolis  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  5  miles  from  Annapolis. 
Pop.  150. 

lieitchville,  leetch'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitman  oo., 
Washington,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla,  and  3  miles  N. 
of  Snake  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Leitensdorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Leutensdorp. 

Leitersburg,  li't§rz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Md.,  on  Antietam  Creek,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Hagerstown.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300.  Leiters- 
burg Station  is  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  85 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Leiter's  (li't^rz)  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind. 

Leith,  leeth,  a  seaport  town  and  burgh  of  Scotland,  2 
miles  N.N.E.  of  the  cross  of  Edinburgh,  of  which  city  it  is 
the  port  and  a  suburb,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
and  on  both  sides  of  the  Water  of  Leith,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  sea.  Lat.  65°  58'  54"  N.;  Ion.  3°  10'  30"  W.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  several  branch  railways.  The  site  of  the 
town  is  nearly  a  perfect  level.  Communication  across  the 
Water  of  Leith  is  effected  by  means  of  3  bridges.  The 
streets  and  lanes  in  the  more  ancient  parts  are  narrow 
and  tortuous,  and  the  houses  old  and  dilapidated ;  but  the 
more  modern  quarters  are  spacious,  airy,  and  well  built. 
Here,  also,  handsome  houses  line  two  sides  of  what  is  called 
the  "  links"  or  downs,  a  fine  large  open  space  on  the  S.E. 
Bide  of  the  town.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  the 
custom-house,  a  Grecian  structure,  with  pediment  and  col- 
umns, exchange  buildings,  court-house,  Leith  Bank,  and 
the  Trinity  House.  An  elegant  bathing  establishment  at 
Beafield,  within  about  half  a  mile  of  the  centre  of  the  town, 
may  also  be  included.  The  parish  churches  of  North  and 
South  Leith  are  also  both  respectable  edifices,  the  former 
modern,  with  a  spire  158  feet  high,  the  latter  an  old  Gothic 
Btructure,  with  a  turret  and  spire.  The  town  has  numerous 
Churches,  schools,  and  charitable  institutions.  The  chief 
manufactures  are  ropes,  cordage,  sail-cloth,  bottles,  soap, 
candles,  paints,  chemicals,  flour,  glassware,  fertilizers,  ma- 
chinery, castings,  and  colors.  There  are  1  or  2  breweries, 
a  distillery,  several  ship-building  yards,  a  sugar-refinery,  a 
large  establishment  for  preserving  meat,  extensive  saw- 
mills, cooperages,  and  iron-foundries.     The  forei"-n  trade 


of  the  port  is  chiefly  with  the  N.  countries  of  Europe,  par- 
ticularly those  on  the  Baltic :  there  is  also  some  colo- 
nial and  an  important  coasting-trade  and  fishery.  The 
principal  imports  are  grain,  wine,  tobacco,  timber,  hemp, 
hides,  and  tallow.  The  harbor  has  been  greatly  improved. 
A  west  pier  or  breakwater  advances  towards  the  east  pier, 
making  the  entrance  but  250  feet  in  width.  By  this  break- 
water the  harbor  is  sheltered  from  N.  winds,  and,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  improvements,  it  has  gained  considerably  in 
depth.  There  are  wet-docks,  graving-docks  with  a  basin, 
dry-docks,  barracks,  and  a  battery.     Pop,  in  1891,  67,660, 

Leith,  leeth,  a  post-village  and  lake  port  in  Grey  co,, 
Ontario,  on  Georgian  Bay,  7i  miles  N.F,  of  Owen  Sound. 
Pop.  100. 

Leitha,  or  Leyta,  Austria.    See  Lettha. 

Leith  Corners,  Grey  co,,  Ontario.     See  Speedie. 

Leith  (leeth)  Hill,  an  elevated  tract  of  England,  co. 
of  Surrey,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Dorking.  On  it  is  a  tower  W9 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Leitineritz,  lite'mer-its\  or  Lentmeritz,  loit'mer- 
its*,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Prague.  Pop.  10,023.  It  has  a  cathedral,  several  convents, 
a  divinity  school,  a  gymnasium,  and  an  active  trade  in  corn, 
fish,  and  wine.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Glassware,  hats,  and 
leather  are  here  manufactured. 

Leitomischl,  li'to-mish'P,  or  Leutomischl,  loi'- 
to-mishT,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Chrudim. 
Pop.  7021.  It  has  several  churches,  a  palace,  a  college,  a 
gymnasium,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  spirits. 

Leitrim,  lee'trim,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught, 
having  N.  Donegal  Bay  and  county.  Area,  613  square 
miles.  Surface  mostly  wild  and  rugged,  with  much  bog  and 
mountain-land.  Chief  rivers,  the  Shannon,  Bonnet,  and 
Blackwater.  Principal  lakes,  Allen,  Melvin,  and  Gill. 
Assize  town,  Carriok-on-Shannon.  It  sends  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  78,379. 

Leitrim,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Leitrim,  on  the 
Shannon,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Carrick. 

Leitskau,  lit'skSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  9 
miles  S.E,  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1182. 

Leixlip,  I^ce'lip,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kildare,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Liffey  and  the  Rye,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  817. 

Leiza,  li'e-thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1722. 

Lejoon,  or  Lejjun,  lid^joon',  a  village  of  Palestine,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Acre. 

Lek,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Leck. 

Lekentze,  li-kint's^h,  or  Lechnitz,  l^K'nits,  a  vil- 
lage of  Transylvania,  20  miles  from  Bistritz.     Pop.  1680. 

Lekkerk,  Idk'k^Rk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  South 
Holland,  on  the  Leck,  9  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam.     P.  2811. 

Leksha,  Lekcha,  Idk'shi,  or  Lekta,  ldk't&,  a  long 
and  narrow  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  N.W.  of  Olonets.  Length, 
24  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Leksmond,  liks^mAnt',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
South  Holland,  on  the  Leck,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gorkum. 

Lei  an,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Leilan. 

Le'land,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad, 
67  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  20  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Ottawa.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  windmills.     Pop.  about  800. 

Leland,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  about  18 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Junction  City. 

Leland,  a  post-village  in  Leland  township,  Leelanaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Traverse  City.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  pig-iron.     Pop.  434. 

Leland,  a  post-office  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon,  in  the 
valley  of  Rogue  River,  55  miles  S.  of  Roseburg.  Gold  is 
found  near  it. 

Leland's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  oo.,  0. 

Le  Lauzet,  a  village  of  France.     See  Lauzet. 

ITe'led  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Lelesz,  liMfis',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles  ' 
E.N.E.  of  Zemplin.     Pop.  2169.     It  has  a  castle. 

Leliaetta,  le^le-a-et'ta,  a  station  in  the  Creek  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Gibson. 

Le  Lien,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Lieu. 

Le  Lion  d'Angers,  l§h  le-6N»'  d6N°^zh4',  a  markets 
town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Oudon,  13  miltf 
N.N.W.  of  Angers,     Pop,  1560. 

Le  Lode,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Locle. 

Le  Loup,  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.     See  Fergosoh. 

Le  Luc,  a  market-town  of  France.     See  Luc. 


L£L 


1633 


LEM 


Lelunda^  l&-loon'd&,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  the  Portu- 
guese colony  of  Angola,  district  of  Congo,  flows  W.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  200  miles,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Congo  River. 

Lelusium,  a  Latin  name  of  Weis8enbdr6. 

Le  Lyonnois  or  liyonnais,  France.    See  Lyonnois. 

Le  Macounois  or  Maconnais.    See  MAconnois. 

Le  Mairey  l^h  m^R,  a  strait  of  South  America,  the 
channel  which  separates  Staten  Island  from  Terra  del  Fuego, 
about  20  miles  wide.  It  was  discovered  in  1616  by  a  Dutch 
navigator  named  Le  Maire. 

Lema  (li'mi)  Islands,  Chinese  Sea,  the  outermost 
group  of  the  great  archipelago  that  fronts  the  entrance  to 
Canton  River,  consists  of  one  small  and  three  large  islands. 
The  largest,  called  Great  Lema  by  Europeans,  but  Tam- 
Quoon-Tow  by  the  Chinese,  is  6  miles  long.  Lat.  of  N.E. 
end,  22°  4'  45"  N.;  Ion.  114°  18'  30"  E. 

Leman  Lake,  or  Lemauus  Lacus.  See  Lake  of 
Geneva. 

Le  Mans,  l^h  m6N»  (anc.  Sutndintim,  afterwards  Ceno- 
mani),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Sarthe,  on  the  ridge  and  slope  of  a  hill  washed  by  the 
Sarthe,  which  is  here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  130  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Paris.  The  lower  part  of  the  town,  near  the 
banks  of  the  river,  is  poorly  built,  with  streets  narrow  and 
winding.  The  upper  part  has  a  much  better  appearance: 
the  streets  are  spacious ;  and  the  market-place,  into  which 
most  of  them  open,  is  large  and  handsome.  The  principal 
building  is  the  cathedral,  a  fine  Gothic  structure,  with  a 
very  old  choir.  The  other  edifices  deserving  of  notice  are 
the  churches  of  Notre  Dame  and  L'Ancienne  Visitation, 
the  prefecture,  library,  and  museum,  including  a  picture- 
gallery,  all  occupying  part  of  the  buildings  of  an  old  mon- 
astery, the  theatre,  and  cavalry  barracks.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  linen,  coarse  woollens,  lace,  hosiery,  paper, 
leather,  and  wax  candles.  The  trade  in  clover-  and  lucerne- 
seed  is  extensive.  Le  Mans  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and 
possesses  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  an  agricultural 
and  scientific  society,  a  communal  college,  a  diocesan  semi- 
nary, and  a  school  of  design.  It  is  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  is  said  to  have  been  founded  in  the  second 
century  by  the  Romans,  of  whose  buildings  many  vestiges 
still  remain.  It  was  taken  by  William  the  Conqueror  in 
the  eleventh  century,  and  long  continued  in  the  possession 
of  the  English,  whose  king,  Henry  II.,  was  born  in  it.  In 
the  Revolutionary  war  the  Vend6ans  sustained  one  of  their 
worst  defeats  here.     Pop.  (1891)  51,405. 

Le  Marig^ot,  West  Indies.    See  La  Capesterre. 

Le  Marin,  a  village  of  Martinique.     See  Marin. 

Le  Mars,  l§h  marz',  a  post- village,  capital  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  America  township,  on  Floyd's  River,  or  Willow 
Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  and  the 
Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux 
City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  money-order  post-oflBce, 
2  steam  flour-mills,  and  a  large  trade  in  grain  and  stock. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1895;  in  1890,4036. 

Le  Mar8an,l9h  maR'sftuo',  a  district  of  France,  formed 
the  E.  part  of  La  Chalosse,  and  belonged  to  the  former 
province  of  Gascony.  It  now  forms  part  of  the  department 
of  Landes. 

Lemasters,  Pennsylvania.     See  Lehmaster's. 

Le  May,  a  village  of  France.     See  May. 

Lembach,  Ifim'biK  or  ISm^bik',  a  village  of  Germany, 
30  miles  N.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1419. 

Lembeck,  or  Lembecq,  Idm'bSK,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, province  of  South  Brabant,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brus- 
sels.    Pop.  2600. 

Lem'berg  (Ger.  pron.  Ifim'bSRG;  Polish,  Ltoow,  Iwof; 
L.  Leop'olis),  sometimes  called  Le'opold,  a  town  of 
Austria,  capital  of  Qalicia,  in  a  beautiful  and  romantic  dis- 
trict, at  a  railway  junction,  365  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vienna. 
Lat.  49°  51'  52"  N. .:  Ion.  24°  3'  11"  E.  It  was  originally 
surrounded  by  walls  and  ditches,  which  have  been  levelled 
and  converted  into  walks,  and,  though  founded  in  the  thir- 
teenth century,  has  all  the  appearance  of  a  modern  town, 
having  increased  rapidly  since  it  became  a  capital.  Besides 
being  the  seat  of  the  government  and  of  important  courts 
and  public  oflSces,  it  is  the  seat  of  3  Roman  Catholic  arch- 
bishops, representing  the  Latin,  Armenian,  and  Ruthenian 
rites.  The  buildings  most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  Greek 
metropolitan  church,  with  the  archbishop's  palace,  magnifi- 
cent structures  in  the  Italian  style ;  the  Latin  cathedral, 
built  by  Casimir  the  Great  in  1370  ;  the  Dominican  church, 
after  the  model  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome;  the  Protestant 
church ;  3  synagogues,  one  of  them  large  and  remarkably 
Handsome :  the  town  house,  built  on  a  magnificent  scale ; 


the  university,  possessed  of  a  library  of  60,000  volumes  and 
numerous  collections,  and  attended  by  about  1400  students; 
the  Ossolinsk  Institute,  with  a  library  relating  mostly  to 
Slavic  history  and  literature,  and  numerous  collections  of 
paintings,  engravings,  coins,  antiquities,  &c. ;  the  theatre, 
built  at  the  sole  expense  of  a  count;  the  theological  and 
philosophical  institute  for  the  regular  clergy ;  2  semi- 
naries, 2  gymnasia,  an  academy  of  arts,  a  normal  school,  a 
deaf  and  dumb  institute,  a  general  infirmary  and  lunatic 
asylum,  a  large  military  hospital,  a  hospital  of  the  sisters 
of  charity,  a  penitentiary,  extensive  barracks,  a  military 
swimming-school  and  bathing-establishment.  The  manu- 
factures consist  chiefly  of  woollen  and  cotton  tissues,  and 
in  the  vicinity  there  is  a  very  extensive  tobacco-factory. 
Lemberg  depends  far  less  on  manufactures  than  on  com- 
merce. This,  which  is  very  much  in  the  hands  of  the 
Jews,  who  here  number  more  than  20,000,  concentrates  a 
great  part  of  the  trade  of  the  kingdom.  Much  of  it  ex- 
tends over  the  whole  year,  but  a  considerable  portion  is 
confined  to  the  large  fairs,  which  take  place  at  stated  peri 
ods.  The  amount  of  business  then  transacted  is  very  great. 
In  1656  Lemberg  successfully  resisted  the  Russians,  in  1671 
it  was  laid  under  contribution  by  the  Turks,  and  in  1704 
was  stormed  by  the  Swedes  under  Charles  XII.  Pop.  in 
1870,  87,109;  in  1880,  109,726;  in  1890,  128,419. 

Lemberg,  Idm'b^RG,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  3  miles  E. 
of  Pirmasens.     Pop.  1409. 

Lemberg,  IftM^baiR',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Saargemiind,  with  1717  inhabitants. 

Lemberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.     See  Lowenbero. 

Lembeye,  Iftji^bi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^- 
n6es,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1231. 

Lemene,  1^-mi'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  falls  into  the  Adri- 
atic by  several  mouths,  one  of  which  enters  Port  Falconera. 
Total  course,  about  35  miles. 

Le'men's,  a  station  in  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Lem'enton,  a  post-ofiice  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Belleville  <i^  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  East  St.  Louis. 

Le  Merlerault,  l§h  m5RMi-ro',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Orne,  15  miles  E.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  1486. 

Lemforde,  15m'foRM§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
10  miles  S.  of  Diepholz.     Pop.  846. 

Lemgo,  Ifim'go,  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Lippe, 
Germany,  on  the  Bega,  6  miles  N.  of  Detmold.  Pop.  5108, 
mostly  Lutherans.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  several 
churches,  a  convent,  a  palace  of  the  prince,  a  gymnasium, 
a  seminary  for  noble  ladies,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen,  woollens,  meerschaum,  and  leather. 

Lemheny,  Ifim^hin',  written  also  Lehmen,  a  village 
of  Transylvania,  about  50  miles  from  Kronstadt.     P.  2710. 

Lem'hi,  a  county  of  Idaho,  borders  on  Montana.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Salmon  River.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  a  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  extends  along 
the  northeastern  border  of  this  county,  which  is  also  partly 
occupied  by  the  Salmon  River  Mountains.  The  soil  is 
mostly  uncultivated,  the  inhabitants  being  employed  in 
mining  gold.  This  county  has  an  area  of  about  5400  square 
miles.  Capital,  Salmon  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  988;  in  1880, 
2031;  in  1890,  1915. 

Lemhi  Agency,  a  post-office  of  Lemhi  co.,  Idaho. 

Lemie,  li'me-^  or  lam'y^,  a  village  of  Italy,  S.  from 
Turin,  on  the  Chiara.     Pop.  1764. 

Lem'iugton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, parish  of  Newburn,  on  the  Tyne,  containing  the  ex- 
tensive works  of  the  Tyne  Iron  Company,  and  also  large 
crown-glass- works. 

Lem'iugton,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in  Lem- 
ington  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  24  milea 
N.  of  Guildhall.     Pop.  of  the  township,  191, 

Lem'ley's,atownshipof  Mecklenburg  CO.,  N.C.  P.  971. 

Lemloom,  Lemloum,  or  Lemlum,  Idm^loom',  or 
Lamlum,  l&mMoom',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
Euphrates,  62  miles  S.E.  of  the  ruins  of  Babylon.  S.E. 
from  it  are  the  marshes  of  Lemloom,  a  wide  and  inundated 
tract,  partly  cultivated  for  rice. 

Lemmer,  I5m'm§r,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  14  miles  S.  of  Sneek.  P.  2770. 

Lemmongan,  ISm-mon-g&n',  or  Lammongan,  l&m- 
mon-gin',  a  volcano  in  Java,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Soerft- 
baya  (Soorabaya) ;  height,  6561  feet. 

Lemnos,  the  ancient  name  of  Stalimni. 

Lem'on,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  10,052. 
It  contains  Middletown,  Monroe,  and  Amanda. 

Lemon,  a  post-township  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  abont 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton,  is  intersected  by  the  Montrose 


LEM 


1634 


LEN 


Railroad.    Pop.  631.    Lemon  Station  is  8  miles  N.  of  Tunk- 
hannock.  . 

Le^mond',  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lemond 
township,  9  miles  S.  of  Meriden.  The  township  contains  a 
ohuroh  and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  669. 

Lem'onfair  River,  a  mill-stream  of  Addison  co.,  Vt., 
fells  into  Otter  Creek. 

Lein'on's,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Unionville. 

Lemon's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tenn. 

Le^mont',  or  Ath'ens,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co., 
111.,  in  Lemont  township,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  named  Lemont, 
and  quarries  of  fine  Silurian  limestone  called  Athens 
marble.  The  township  contains  a  village  named  Sag 
Bridge.     Pop.  in  1880,  3798 ;  in  1890,  5539. 

Lemont,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  9  miles  S.  of 
Bellefonte.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  drug-store,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Lemont  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Fayette  County  Railroad  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.B.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  an  iron-fur- 
nace and  coke-works. 

Lemonum,  an  ancient  name  of  Poitiers. 

Lem'onville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Stoufifville.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory,  a 
8aw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Lemonweir,  lem^on-weer',  a  hamlet  of  Juneau  co., 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Lemonweir 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  water-power  and 
a  grist-mill.  The  township  contains  Mauston,  the  county 
seat.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1072,  exclusive  of  Mauston. 

Lemonweir  Creek,  Wisconsin,  drains  part  of  Mon- 
roe CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Juneau  co.,  and  enters 
the  Wisconsin  River  about  10  miles  E.  of  Mauston.  It  is 
nearly  76  miles  long. 

Lemoore,  l§-mor',  a  post-village  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal., 
on  Tulare  Lake,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Fresno  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  500.  It  is  near 
the  mouth  of  King's  River. 

Lemore,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Lemovices,  the  Latin  for  Limoges,  in  France. 

Le  Moyne,  l§h-moin',  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0., 
in  Troy  township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad. 

Lempa,  Hm'pk,  a  navigable  river  of  Central  America, 
in  San  Salvador,  enters  the  Pacific  35  miles  S.E.  of  that  city. 

Lempdes,  l5Nd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1490. 

Lemps,  or  Le  Grand  Lemps,  l§h  gr6iJ»  16h»,  a  town 
of  France,  in  IsSre,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1762. 

Lemp'ster,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Lempster  township,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It  is  9 
miles  S.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  678. 

Lemsal,  ldm-sS,r,  Limbasha,  or  Limbascha,  lim- 
b&'sh&,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Riga,  30  miles  W.  of  Volmar.     Pop.  1442. 

Le  May,  leh  mwee  (L.  Cas'trum  de  Modi' no  t),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Var,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Draguignan.    Pop.  2364. 

Lemvig,  Iflm'vig,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  on 
the  Lym-Fiord,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Ringkiobing.     Pop.  1350. 

Le'na  (Russ.  pron.  Ii-n3,'),  one  of  the  principal  rivers 
of  Asia,  and  the  most  easterly  and  largest  of  the  great 
streams  of  Siberia,  its  basin  lying  between  those  of  the 
Yenisei  on  the  W.  and  the  Yana  and  Indighirka  on  the  E. 
It  rises  near  Irkootsk,  W.  of  Lake  Baikal,  and  enters  the 
Arctic  Ocean  by  numerous  mouths  between  lat.  72°  and  73° 
N.  and  Ion.  125°  and  130°  E.  Total  course,  2400  miles, 
the  whole  of  which  is  within  the  Russian  dominions. 
Chief  tributaries,  the  Vitim,  Aldan,  and  Viliooi,  both  of 
which  last  it  receives  N.  of  lat.  63°.  At  a  distance  of  800 
miles  from  the  ocean  it  is  a  noble  river,  5  or  6  miles  in  width, 
and  it  is  generally  navigable  with  safety ;  but  in  a  great 
part  of  its  course  it  flows  through  a  frozen  desert. 

Lena,  le'n^,  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in 
West  Point  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  13 
milo8  N.W.  of  Freeport,  and  38  miles  E.  of  Galena.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactories  of  carriages,  sash  and  blinds,  and  boots  and 
shoes.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Lena,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianap- 
olis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute, 
tt  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Lena,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 


Lena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  0.,  about  3  miles  S. 
of  Wauseon. 

Lena  (Allen's  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in 
Brown  township,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  11  miles  E. 
of  Piqua,  and  1  mile  from  Conover  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  144. 

Lena,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Lenape,  len-ap',  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co., 
Kansas,  in  Sherman  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kan- 
sas River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles 
W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has 
a  fine  school-house,  4  general  stores,  a  chair-factory,  &,o. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Lenape,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &,  Reading  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del. 

Len'awee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  in  the  S.E.  part  by  the  Raisin  River  and  its  branches, 
and  in  the  S.W.  part  by  Tiffin  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam, 
composed  partly  of  sand.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
butter,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  A  Mackinaw 
Railroad,  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and 
the  Jackson  Branch  of  that  road.  Capital,  Adrian.  Pop. 
in  1870,  45,595  ;  in  1880,  48,343 ;  in  1890,  48,448. 

Lenawee  Junction,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Len- 
awee CO.,  Mich.,  4  miles  E.  of  Adrian.  Here  the  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  (main  line)  connects  with  its  Jackson 
and  Monroe  Branches. 

Lencloitre,  16N»*klwit'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne, 
16  miles  N.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1871. 

Lenczna,  Russia.    See  Lextschna. 

Lenczy,l4nt'chee,  Lenczyc,ldn'chits,orLenczyca, 
ldn-chit's&,  written  also  LenHschek'  and  Len^chek', 
a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  War- 
saw.    It  has  several  convents.     Pop.  6407. 

Lendelide,  16N»*d§h-leed',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  about  19  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3600. 

Lendinara,  ldn-de-n&'r&,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  9 
miles  W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  6909. 

Lendzin,  Idnt-seen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  gov- 
ernment of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Plesse.     Pop.  2086. 

Lenense,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lens. 

Lenex'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Kansas  City. 

Lengaza,  a  lake  of  Turkey.    See  Lanoaza. 

Lengefeld,  ling'^h-felt^  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  3386,  mostly  employed  in  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  and  in  cotton-mills. 

Lengenfeld,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Langenfeld. 

Lengenfeld,  ling'^n-filt^  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  4933.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  muslin,  <tc. 

Lengenfeld,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  circle  of 
Heiligenstadt,  on  the  Friede.     Pop.  1112. 

Lengerich,  iSng'^h-riK^  or  Margarethen-Lenge" 
rich,  maR^gi-ri't9n-l4ng'§h-riK\  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Miinster,  at  the  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain. Pop.  1790.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  woollens, 
and  linen. 

Lengnau,  ISng'nSw,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  fiSn't^r, 
two  villages  of  Switzerland,  in  Aargau,  5  miles  N.  of  Baden. 
Pop.  1627. 

Lengsfeld,  or  Schenk-Lengsfeld,  shSnk-l^ngs'- 
fSlt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dieburg.     Pop.  1121. 

Lengsfeld,  ISngs'filt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe 
Weimar,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eisenach.     Pop.  1558. 

Len'hartsville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  on  the  Berks  <fc  Lehigh  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage- 
factory. 

Lenk,  ISnk,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Bern,  in  the 
Simmenthal,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Thun.     Pop.  2306. 

Lenkeran,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lankeran. 

Len'ker's,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sum- 
mit Branch  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Lenne,  Ifin'nSh,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  joins  the 
Ruhr  18  miles  N.E.  of  Elberfeld.     Length,  50  miles. 

Lennep,  ISn'ndp,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  a  rail- 
way, 22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Lennep.  Pop. 
7753.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  silks,  ko. 


LEN 


1635 


LEO 


Len'nik  Saint- Qnen'tin  (Pr.  pron.  iSn^neek'  siu"- 
kiuoHiu"'),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2700. 

Lenni-Lennapp^v  lin'ne-ldn^n&p'p&,  usually  called 
Lenape*  a  tribe  of  Indians  of  North  America,  formerly 
numerous.    They  are  the  same  as  the  Delawares, 

Len'ni  MillSj  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Chester  Creek,  and  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Philadelphia  <k  Baltimore 
Central  Railroad  and  the  Chester  Creek  Railroad,  17  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton  goods. 

lienno,  lin'no,  a  village  in  the  N.W.  of  Lombardy, 
province  of  Como,  6  miles  from  Menaggio.     Pop.  1066. 

Len'nox,  the  ancient  name  of  the  county  of  Dumbar- 
ton, Scotland,  comprising  also  parts  of  the  counties  of  Stir- 
ling, Perth,  and  Renfrew.    See  Dumbarton. 

Lennox,  a  village  of  Massachusetts.    See  Lenox. 

liCnnox,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Lake 
Ontario,  near  its  outlet.  Capital,  Napanee.  Area,  315 
square  miles.     Pop.  16,396. 

Lenn9X  Hills,  a  range  in  Scotland  extending  between 
the  counties  of  Dumbarton  and  Stirling. 

Lennox  Town,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  3917,  employed 
in  large  calico-print-works  and  collieries. 

Len'noxville,  a  post-village  in  Sherbrooke  co.,  Quebec, 
attractively  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Massawippi  and 
St.  Francis  Rivers,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Massawippi 
Valley  Railroads,  104  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  hotels,  a  dozen  stores,  a  brewery,  and  2  saw- 
mills. Lennoxville  is  the  seat  of  Bishop's  College,  a  Church 
of  England  institution,  which  has  a  royal  charter  for  confer- 
ring degrees  in  the  arts  and  faculties:  a  collegiate  school 
and  a  theological  college  are  attached.     Pop.  900. 

Leno,  ld.'no,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12 
miles  S.  of  Brescia,  near  the  Mella.  Pop.  4336.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  silk,  and  cotton.  • 

Le'no,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Santa 
F6  River,  21  miles  S.  of  Lake  City.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Lenoir,  l^-nore',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  408  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Neuse  River,  which  flows  across  the  county 
from  W.  to  E.,  and  also  drained  by  the  Trent  River.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly 
sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  At- 
lantic &  North  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Kinston.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,434;  in  1880,  15,344;  in  1890, 14,879. 

Lenoir,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Lenoir  township,  on  the  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  about 
70  miles  N,W,  of  Charlotte,  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mor- 
ganton.  It  contains  a  female  college,  the  Finiey  High 
School  (male),  a  newspaper  oflSce,  3  churches,  2  tanneries,  a 
planing-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  673 ;  of  the  township,  2060. 

Lenoir's,  l9-n5rz',  a  post- village  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 
<fc  Georgia  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a 
cotton-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  church. 

Lenola,  li-no'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3130. 

Leno'ra,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Lenora,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas, 

Lenora,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co,,  Minn.,  about  37 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Winona.     It  has  a  church. 

Len'ox,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  111.     Pop.  948. 

Lenox,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  504. 

Lenox,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co,,  Iowa,  in  Platte 
township,  on  the  Creston  Branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Mis- 
souri River  Railroad,  18  miles  N,E,  of  Bedford.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  and  a  banking- 
house.     Pop.  in  1890,  706. 

Lenox,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Lenox 
township,  near  the  Housatonic  River,  2  miles  W.  of  Lenox 
Station  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield, 
and  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  number  of  fine  residences.  The  town- 
ship has  manufactures  of  glass,  iron,  lime,  and  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2889. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  24  miles 
S.W.  of  Port  Huron,  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
road. Pop,  2164,  It  contains  the  villages  of  New  Haven 
and  Ridgeway.     Lenox  Post-Office  is  at  Ridgeway. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co,,  N,y.,  about  24 
miles  W.  of  Utica,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake, 


and  on  the  E,  by  Oneida  Creek.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains the  large  villages  of  Canastota  and  Oneida.  Hops 
and  dairy-products  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Pop. 
12,815.     Lenox  Post-Office  is  at  Quality  Hill. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co,,  0.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  a  pop.  of  752.  Lenox  Post-Office  is  4  miles 
S.  of  Jefferson. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  Pop.  1751.  It  contains  villages 
named  Lenoxville,  Hop  Bottom,  and  Glenwood. 

Lenox  Ba'sin,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lenox 
township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  near  Wampsville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Len'oxburg,  a  post-office  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky. 

Lenox  Castle,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Lenox  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Lenox  township,  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Pittsfield. 

Lenox  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  HI.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Len'oxville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
in  Lenox  township,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has 
a  church. 

Lens,  IAmo,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Dender,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2280. 

Lens,  IdNo  (anc.  Elena  ?  or  Lenense  f),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Pas-de-Calais,  at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Arras.  Pop.  9383.  It  has  coal-mines,  distilleries,  tan- 
neries, and  manufactures  of  woollens,  laoe,  and  soap. 

Lens,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Sion.     Pop.  2095. 

Lent,  I8nt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qelderland, 
on  the  Waal,  opposite  Nymwegen. 

Lent,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  115. 

Lenta,  Ifin'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.  of  Ver- 
celli,  on  the  Sesia.     Pop.  1064. 

Lentchek,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  LsNCzr. 

Lentia,  an  ancient  name  of  Lintz. 

Lentini,  ISn-tee'ne,  or  Leontini,  l&-on-tee'nee  (anc 
Leonti'ni  and  Leon'tium),  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  on  a  hill  near  Lake  Biveri,  18  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Catania.  Pop.  10,578.  It  has  a  gunpowder- 
mill,  and  an  active  fishery  on  the  adjoining  lake.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  many  remains  of  antiquity.   See  Biveri 

Lent'ner,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co..  Mo,,  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Macon. 

Lentscliek,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Lenczy. 

Lentschna,  or  Lenczna,  ISntch'ni,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  government  of  Lublin,  circle  of  Lubartow. 
Pop.  3178, 

Len'y,  a  romantic  mountain-pass  of  Scotland,  co,  of 
Perth,  2  miles  W.  of  Callander.  Loch  Lubnaig  here  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  a  stream  which  joins  the  Teith  near 
Callander. 

Lenz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  about  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill, 

Lenzburg,  Idnts'bSdRO,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  7  miles  E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2502. 

Leuz'burg,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ill,,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Belleville.  It  has  a  ohurch,  a  warehouse,  Ao.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Lenzen,  or  Lentzen,  ISnt's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  83  miles  N.W,  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2779. 

Lenzinghausen,  iSnt'sing-hdw^z^n,  a  village  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  in  Minden,  near  Herford. 

Lenzkirch,  Idnts'keeRK,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  dSn'- 
t^r,  two  villages  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  3i  miles  S.  of 
Neustadt.     Pop.  1893. 

Le'o,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ga. 

Leo,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cedar  Creek 
township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Fort 
Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Leo,  a  post-office  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C. 

Leo,  Jackson  co,,  0.    See  Swiftsville. 

Le^obad'da,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Niger.  Lat.  9" 
20'  N.;  Ion.  5°  45'  E.     Pop.  6000. 

Leoben,  li-o'b^n,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  at  a 
railway  junction,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brilck,  on  the  Mur. 
Pop.  4529,  mostly  employed  in  mining  and  forging  iron. 

Leobersdorf,  l^-o'b^rs-doRr,  or  Loibersdorf,  loi'- 
b^rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Triesting,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1762. 


LEO 


1636 


LEO 


Leobschiitz,  li'op-shiits^  or  Lubczyce,  loob-oheet'- 
si  (Slavonic,  Hhtbzien,  h'loob'ze-4n),  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln. 
Po|.  11,425.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  hosiery,  leather, 
and  woollens,  and  a  large  trade  in  grain  and  flax. 

Leodium,  the  Latin  name  for  Liege. 

liCOgane,  li^o-gin',  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  its  W.  coast, 
20  miles  W.  of  Port  au  Prince,  at  the  S.E.  angle  of  the 
Gulf  of  Leogane,  an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  about  120 
miles  in  length. 

Leo'la,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  Wis.    Pop.  217. 

lieomaniana)  the  ancient  name  of  La  Lomagnb. 

Leomil,  li-o-meel',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira  Alta, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1719. 

lieominster^  lSm'in-st§r  or  Ifimp'st^r,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hereford,  on  the  Lugg,  at 
a  railway  junction.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  town  hall,  a  jail,  a  house  of  industry,  a  market- 
house,  and  a  branch  bank,  with  manufactures  of  leather, 
gloves,  woollens,  and  hats.  Leominster  sends  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  5863. 

lieominster,  I5m'in-stfr,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Leominster  township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton 
&  Fitchburg  Railroad  and  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  64  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Boston,  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fitchburg.  It 
contains  a  town  hall,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  6  churches,  a  public  library,  a  newspaper 
office,  gas-works,  and  manufactures  of  combs,  paper,  pianos, 
woollen  goods,  fiirniture,  horn  jewelry,  and  toys.  Pop.  about 
1800.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Nashua  River,  and 
contains  also  a  village  named  North  Leominster.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  7269. 

Leon,  lV6Na',  -a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Landes,  on  a  lagoon,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Dax.     Pop.  1746. 

Leon,  lee'on  (Sp.  pron.  li-on'),  an  old  province,  anfl 
tormerly  a  kingdom,  in  the  N.W.  of  Spain,  now  divided 
into  the  provinces  of  Leon,  Salamanca,  and  Zamora.  Area, 
16,199  square  miles.  Pop.  883,871.  The  new  province  of 
Leon,  in  the  northern  portion,  has  an  area  of  7176  square 
miles,  and  a  population  of  351,392. 

The  Kingdom  op  Leon  was  founded  in  915  by  Ordono  II., 
and  in  the  eleventh  century  was  annexed  to  the  crown  of 
Castile.  It  made  attempts  to  resume  its  independence  in 
the  twelfth  century,  but,  though  still  retaining  the  name  of 
a  kingdom,  was  finally  incorporated  with  the  monarchy  in 
the  thirteenth  century  by  Ferdinand  III.  As  a  territory 
i'till  recognized  by  geographers  and  frequently  mentioned 
by  writers,  it  is  bounded  N.  by  Asturias,  E.  by  Old  Castile, 
S.  by  New  Castile  and  Estremadura,  W.  by  Portugal,  and 
N.W.  by  Galicia,  and  comprises  the  five  modern  provinces 
of  Leon,  Palencia,  Valladolid,  Zamora,  and  Salamanca. 

Leon  (anc.  Le'gio  Sep'tima  Gem'ina),  a  city  of  Spain, 
capital  of  a  province,  on  the  Bernesga,  at  its  confluence 
with  the  Torio,  at  a  railway  junction,  60  miles  S.E.  of 
Oviodo,  and  174  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  9866.  It 
is  built  in  the  form  of  an  octagon,  surrounded  by  ancient 
walls  in  a  somewhat  dilapidated  state,  and  entered  by  11 
gates.  The  streets  are  generally  narrow,  irregular,  ill 
paved,  and  dirty,  and  many  of  the  houses  are  untenanted. 
A  few  streets,  however,  are  handsome.  There  are  four 
principal  squares.  The  fountains,  also,  some  of  them  com- 
posed of  marble  and  jasper,  with  allegorical  figures,  are 
elegant  structures ;  and  a  finely  planted  space,  called  the 
Espolon  de  Puerta  Castillo,  afi"ords  a  beautiful  and  much- 
frequented  promenade.  Leon  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  prin- 
oh>al  public  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  a  beautiful  specimen 
of  the  purest  Gothic,  with  facade  composed  of  five  richly 
sculptured  pointed  arches  and  flanked  by  two  remarkably 
elegant  towers,  the  church  of  San  Isidoro,  an  ancient  and 

massive  structure,  13  other  churches,  and  4  hospitals. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Leonesg,  lee^o-neez'. 

Leon,  the  Spanish  name  for  Lyovs. 

Leon,  li-on',  a  town  of  Nicaragua,  adjoining  a  large 
Indian  town  called  Subtiaba,  on  a  large  and  fertile  plain, 
nearly  equidistant  from  Lake  Leon  or  Managua  and  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  12°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  57'  W.  It  stends 
between  deep  ravines,  the  numerous  springs  ih  which  fur- 
nish it  with  copious  supplies  of  pure  water,  and  covers  a 
large  area,  laid  out  on  a  regular  plan,  in  spacious  streets, 
with  intervening  squares.  The  houses,  built  of  adobes,  are 
seldom  of  more  than  one  story ;  but  each  encloses  a  spacious 
eourt,  planted  with  trees,  and  entered  by  a  portal,  in  the 
style  common  in  Spain,  and  profusely  and  tastefully  orna- 
mented. The  public  edifices  are  considered  among  the 
finest  in  Central  America,  and  include  a  large  and  massive 
cathedral,  crowned  by  a  lofty  central  dome ;  the  episcopal 
nalace,  surrounded  by  fine  gardens;  the  churches  of  La 


Merced,  Recoleccion,  and  Calvario,  remarkable  for  theli 
size  and  their  fine  fagades,  and  various  other  churches ;  the 
Tridentine  college  of  St.  Ramon ;  the  government  house,  the 
barracks,  and  the  hospital.  The  manufactures  of  Leon  are 
confined  chiefly  to  articles  in  dressed  leather  and  cutlery; 
and  the  trade,  owing  to  its  inland  situation,  does  little 
more  than  supply  its  local  wants.  Leon  is  the  seat  of  a 
university.     Pop.  25,000. 

Leon,  or  Leon  de  las  Aldamas,  li-5n'  di  l&s  &l-d&'- 
mJLs,  a  city  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Goa-  ' 
najuato.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  cottons,  woollens, 
and  saddlery,  and  is  one  of  the  most  thriving  towns  of 
Mexico.     Pop.  120,000. 

Leon,  a  river  of  Colombia.     See  Guacuba. 

Leon,  14-5n',  a  river  of  Honduras,  enters  the  Caribbean 
Sea  75  miles  W.  of  Trujillo.     Length,  30  miles. 

Leon,  li-on',  Managua,  mi-ni'gw&,  or  Matiares, 
mi-te-i'r4s,  a  lake  of  Nicaragua,  lat.  12°  15'  N.,  Ion.  86° 
16'  W.,  is  35  miles  in  length  by  15  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
It  communicates  at  its  E.  end  with  Lake  Nicaragua  by  the 
river  Tipitapa. 

Leon,  lee'dn,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  borders  on 
Georgia.  Area,  about  910  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Ocklockonnee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products,  and  rich  deposits  of  phosphates  are  found  here. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  &  Penin- 
sular Railroad.  Capital,  Tallahassee,  which  is  also  the  cap- 
ital of  Florida.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,236 ;  in  1880,  19,662 ;  in 
1890,  17,752. 

Leon,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Navasoda  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  pine,  live-oak,  sycamore,  maple,  and 
walnut  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  maize, 
and  porlrare  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
International  A,  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Centre- 
ville.    Pop.  in  1S70,  6523 ;  in  1880, 12,817 ;  in  1890, 13,841. 

Leon,  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala. 

Leon,  a  post-office  of  Whiteside  oo..  111.,  about  16  miles 
S.  of  Morrison. 

Leon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Centre  townsnip,  about  65  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines,  and  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.  It  is  connected  with  Chariton  by 
a  branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  or  3 
newspaper  offices. 

Leon,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  1110. 

Leon,  a  post-village  in  Leon  township,  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.,  is  in  a  valley  between  high  hills,  about  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Jamestown,  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Leon,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Ashtabula  to  Oil  City,  Pa.,  3  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Andover  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Leon,  or  James  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Va.,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Culpeper.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Leon. 

Leon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Point  Pleasant, 
and  about  20  miles  S.  of  Pomeroy,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Leon,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  in  Leon  town- 
ship, 5  miles  S.  of  Sparta,  and  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  La  Crosse 
The  township  has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  742. 

Leon,  a  township  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.     Pop.  842. 

Leona,  or  Rio  Leona,  ree'o  li-o'n&,  a  river  of  Texas, 
rises  in  Uvalde  co.,  runs  S.E.  through  Zavalla  co.,  and 
enters  Rio  Frio  10  miles  S.  of  Frio  Town. 

Leo'na,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Leona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  <fc  Denver  City  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  St 
Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Leona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Leona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  oo.,  Tex.,  about  42  milee 
N.W.  of  Huntsville. 

Leonard,  len'ard,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  oo.,  Ky. 

Leonard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo..  Mo.,  about  66 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Leonardsburg,  len'ardz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Del- 
aware CO.,  0.,  at  Eden  Station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church 


LEO 


1637 


LEP 


Leonard's  Crossing,  a  station  in  Waldo  oo,,  Me.,  on 
the  Belfast  A  Moosehead  Lake  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Burnham. 

Leonardsville,  len'ardz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  N.J.,  in  Middletown  township,  2  miles  from  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad. 

LeonardsvillC)  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.T., 
in  Broolifield  township,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  union  school,  2  churches,  a 
foundry,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Leonardtown^  len'ard-tSwn,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md,,  is  near  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  an  inlet  or  creek  called 
Briton's  Bay,  about  76  miles  S.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles 
from  the  Southern  Maryland  Railroad.  It  has  a  fine  court- 
house, a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  female  academy, 
and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  750. 

Leonardville,  len'ard-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene 
CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  W.  of  Waynesburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

liConberg,  li'on-bJRO^,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2231. 

Le'on  Creek)  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Medina  or  San  Antonio  River  about  12  miles  S. 
of  San  Antonio. 

JLeondari,  li'on-di^ree,  Leontari,  li'on-ti^ree,  or 
liOndari)  lon-di'ree  (anc.  Leuc'tra  ?),  a  town  of  Greece, 
in  Morea,  near  the  head  of  the  Rouphia  (anc.  Alpheus),  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Tripolitza. 

liConessa,  li-o-nfis'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  12^  miles  N.  of  Civita  Ducale,  on  the  Corno.  It 
consists  of  an  aggregation  of  villages  in  a  mountain-ravine. 
Pop.  5451. 

Leonforte,  li-on-foR'ti,  or  Lionforte,  le-on-foR't4, 
a  town  of  Sicily,  49  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Catania.  It 
is  situated  in  a  mountainous  district,  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  corn,  wine,  silk, 
asphaltum,  and  sulphur.     Pop.  12,010. 

lieoni,  le-o'n§,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Leoni  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1515. 

liConi)  a  post-office  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn. 

Iieonia,  le-o'ne-a,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  12  miles 
N.  of  New  York. 

Leonidas,  le-on'§-das,  a  post- village  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
Mich.,  in  Leonidas  township,  on  Nottawa  Creek,  6  miles  N. 
of  Colon,  and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  water- 
power,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1423. 

Lieonil,  14-o-neel',  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Matto- Grosso,  on  the  Guapore,  lat.  12?  30'  S.,  Ion. 
64°  W.     Pop.  1000. 

Leonine  (le'o-nin)  City,  that  part  of  Rome  N.  of  the 
Tiber,  in  which  stand  the  Vatican  palace  and  basilica:  so 
called  in  honor  of  Popes  Leo  III.  and  Leo  IV.,  who  fortified 
and  embellished  it. 

Le'on  River,  Texas,  rises  in  a  ridge  called  the  Leon 
River  Mountains,  runs  southeastward  through  Comanche, 
Hamilton,  and  Coryell  cos.,  and  unites  with  Lampasas 
Creek  in  Bell  co.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence, 
sometimes  called  Little  River,  runs  eastward  through  Milam 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River.  The  length  of  the  Leon 
River  is  estimated  at  250  miles. 

Leon  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  19 
miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Antonio,  is  visited  by  many  invalids. 

Leontari,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Leondari. 

Leontium,  or  Leontini,  Sicily.    See  Lentini. 

Leontium,  a  supposed  apcient  name  of  Lientz. 

Le'onville  (Fr.  pron.  U'oN»Veer),  a  post-hamlet  of  St. 
Landry  parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  Teohe,  8  miles  E.  of  Grand 
Coteau. 

Leo'paa,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Leopard,  lep'ard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Paoli  Station,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Norristown. 

Leopold,  lee'o-pold,  a  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  Baffin's 
Bay,  lat.  75°  47'  N.,  Ion.  78°  10'  W. 

Leopold,  or  Leopolis,  Galicia.    See  Lehberq. 

Leopold,  lee'o-pold,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Leopold  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Cannelton. 
It  has  a  chapel  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  862. 

Leopold,  a  port  of  North  America,  near  the  N.W.  en- 
trance of  Prince  Regent's  Inlet  from  Barrow's  Strait,  in  lat. 
73°  50'  N.,  Ion.  90°  10'  W. 

Leopoldaii,  li-o'pol-dSw,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna. 


Le'opold  Island,  in  Barrow's  Strait,  North  America, 
lat.  74°  3'  N.,  Ion.  89°  53'  W. 
Leopoldova,  li-op'ol-dov'5h,  a  village  of  Hungary, 

in  Banat,  near  the  Danube.     Pop.  2378. 

Leopoldstadt,  U-o'poId-st&tt^  a  suburb  of  Vienna, 
Austria,  on  an  island  in  the  Danube.     Pop.  89,923. 

Leopoldstadt  (Hun.  Leopoldvar,  li^p^oldVas'),  a 
strongly  fortified  town  of  Hungary,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Pesth, 
on  the  Waag.     Pop.  1680. 

Leopolis,  le-op'o-lis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Herman  township,  35  miles  N.  of  New  London. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Leoti,  le-o'ti,  a  post-village  of  Wichita  co.,  Kansas, 
138  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Great  Bend.  It  is  in  a  fine  agri- 
cultural region,  has  several  churches  and  business  concerns, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  500. 

Leo'to  Land'ing,  post-office,  Washington  co.,  Miss. 

Leovardia,  the  Latin  name  of  Leeuwardbn. 

Leovo,  li-o'vo,  a  town  of  South  Russia,  in  Bessarabia, 
on  the  Pruth,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  2000. 

Le  Palais,  I§h  piMi',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Belle  Isle.  P.  2823. 

Le  Palais,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- Pyr6n6es,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1579. 

Lepanto,  le-pan'to  or  li-p4n'to,  called  also  £pacto, 
i-p3,k'to  (anc.  Naupac'tus),  a  seaport  town  of  Greece,  in 
iEtolia,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Lepanto,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Patras.  It  was  anciently  of  considerable  impor- 
tance, stood  a  siege,  in  1475,  from  the  Turks,  and  is  mem- 
orable for  the  naval  battle  fought  within  the  gulf,  in 
1571,  between  the  Ottonjan  fleet  and  the  combined  fleets  of 
the  Christian  states  of  the  Mediterranean,  under  Don  John 
of  Austria,  when  the  former  was  destroyed.     Pop.  4326. 

Lepanto,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Corinth. 

Lepanto,  Strait  of,  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Cor- 
inth, Greece,  at  its  narrowest  part  about  1  mile  across,  and 
defended  by  a  castle  on  either  side.  Here,  on  8th  October, 
1571,  the  fleet  under  Don  John  of  Austria  totally  defeated 
that  of  the  Turks. 

Le  Passage,  l§h  pis^sizh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  near  Agen.     Pop.  1421. 

Lepe,  li'pi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  11  miles 
W.  of  Huelva,  near  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  3797. 

Lepel,  or  New  Lepel,  li-p6l',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Vitebsk,  on  Lake  Bereshta,  62  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Vitebsk.  Pop.  4640.  Old  Lepel  is  about  3  miles  N.W. 
of  New  Lepel. 

Le  Pellerin,  l§h  p5ri§h-riNo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  9  miles  W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1833. 

Lep'ers'  (or  L6preux,  li-pruh')  Isle,  one  of  the 
New  Hebrides,  Pacific,  between  Espiritu  Santo  and  Aurora. 
Lat.  15°  22'  S.;  Ion.  167°  54'  E. 

Le  Petit  Quevilly,  l§h  p§h-tee'  k^h-vee^yee',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Seine,  2i  miles 
from  Rouen.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  products, 
cotton,  and  soap.     Pop.  5719. 

L'Epiphanie,  li*pee'fa,'nee',  a  post-village  in  L'As- 
somption  co.,  Quebec,  near  the  river  Achigan,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  L'Assomption.  It  possesses  good  water-power,  and  has 
a  furniture-factory,  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  800. 

Lepontine  Alps,  Europe.    See  Alps. 

Lepreanx,  l§h-pr5',  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
John.  It  has  a  light-house,  lat.  45°  3'  40"  N.,  Ion.  66° 
44'  10"  W.     Pop.  200. 

Leprosum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Letroux. 

Lepseny,  Ifip^shan',  or  Lepsin,  lip^sheen',  a  village 
of  Hungary,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Veszprim.     Pop.  1273. 

Lepsia,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Lipso. 

Leptis  Magna,  the  ancient  name  of  Lebida. 

Le  Puy,  l§h  pwee,  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de 
partment  of  Haute-Loire,  68  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lyons, 
near  the  left  bank  of  the  Loire.  Pop.  19,010.  It  is  built  in 
the  form  of  an  amphitheatre  on  the  slopes  of  Mount  Anis. 
Crowning  the  mount  and  overtopping  the  houses  is  a  ver- 
tical rock  with  a  tabular  summit,  called  Rocher  Corneille. 
Of  still  more  remarkable  appearance,  though  much  less 
lofty,  is  the  Rocher  St.  Michel,  an  isolated  conical  rock  of 
basaltic  tufa,  rising  abruptly  from  the  stream  of  the  Borne 
to  the  height  of  265  feet.  The  chief  part  of  the  town, 
rising  in  a  succession  of  terraces,  clusters  round  the  Rocher 
Corneille,  and  the  suburbs  are  built  on  the  adjacent  plain. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  a  medissval  struc- 
ture in  the  Romanesque  style,  occupying  the  highest  part 
of  the  town,  the  church  of  St.  Laurent,  containing  the  ashes 
of  the  celebrated  Du  Guesclin,  the  theatre,  an  octagonu* 


LEQ 


1638 


LER 


building,  the  prefecture,  and  the  museum,  containing  Roman 
remains  and  local  curiosities.  Le  Puy  has  a  national  col- 
lege, a  normal  school,  and  a  library  of  16,000  volumes.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  court  of  first  resort 
and  commerce,  a  consulting  chamber  of  manufactures,  and 
a  diocesan  seminary.  The  town  has  manufactures  of  lace, 
leather,  wine,  farina,  and  woollen  goods,  and  a  bell-foundry. 
It  was  the  capital  of  the  old  district  of  Velay. 

Lequeitio,  li-ki'te-o,  a  maritime  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Biscay,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Bay  of 
Biscay.    Pop.  2783.    Its  harbor  is  defended  by  several  forts. 

Le  Quesnoy,  l§h  k^s'nwi',  a  fortified  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  between  the  Ecaillon  and  the  Rhonelle,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Valenciennes.  Pop.  3499.  It  has  an  arsenal,  large 
barracks,  military  and  civil  hospitals,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton,  beer,  soap,  and  leather. 

Lequille,  l^h-keel',  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  2  miles  from  Annapolis.     Pop.  100. 

Lequio,  li'kwe-o,  or  Lecco,  15k'ko,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  province  of  Coni.     Pop.  1588. 

L'ErablC)  liVab'I',  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co..  111., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Kankakee.     It  has  a  church. 

Le  Ray,  l^-ra',  a  township  of  Jeflferson  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2733.     It  contains  Evans  Mills  and  Le  Raysville. 

Le  Rays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Le  Ray  township,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It 
has  about  25  houses. 

Le  Raysville,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.,  16 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Towanda,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Binghamton,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  284. 

Lercara  di  Freddi,  ldr-k&'r&  de  fred'dee,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  48  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palermo,  with  sulphur- 
mines.     Pop.  9154. 

Lerchenberg,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Lehrbero. 

Lerchenfeld,  l^RK'^n-fdlt^  or  Nea-Lerchenfeld, 
noi-lSRK'§n-ffilt\  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  near  Vienna, 
or  rather  one  of  its  suburbs.  It  is  well  and  regularly  built, 
and  contains  a  manufactory  of  fire-arms,  and  many  wine- 
and  beer-shops,  which  are  much  frequented  by  the  citizens 
of  the  capital.     Pop.  10,093. 

Ler'do,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Bakersfield. 

Lerici,  iSr'e-che  (ano.  E'ryx,  or  Por'ttu  E'rycu),  a 
maritime  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  on  the  Bay  of 
Spezia,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Spezia.  Pop.  5940.  It  is  de- 
fended  by  a  pentagonal  castle,  and  has  a  Capuchin  mon- 
astery, the  buildings  of  an  old  Augustinian  monastery, 
several  palaces,  a  hospital,  and  a  harbor  which  is  much  fre- 
quented by  coasting-vessels.  The  fishery  employs  a  great 
number  of  the  inhabitants. 

Lerida,  ldr'e-d&  (Catalan,  Lleyda,  I&'e-d& ;  ano.  Iler'da), 
a  city  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Lerida, 
partly  on  a  hill,  on  which  it  rises  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre, and  partly  in  a  plain,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Segre,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  stone  bridge,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  84  miles  W.N.W.  of  Barcelona.  As  the  key 
of  Aragon  and  Catalonia,  it  is  one  of  the  most  important 
military  points  in  Spain,  and  possesses  great  strength,  being 
surrounded  by  walls  flanked  with  bastions  and  by  a  wet 
fosse,  and  defended  by  a  castle  and  several  batteries.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  old  cathedral,  presenting  a  curious 
mixture  of  styles,  the  new  cathedral,  of  the  Corinthian  order, 
the  church  of  San  Lorenzo,  a  very  ancient  building,  the 
church  of  San  Juan,  attributed  to  the  time  of  Constantine 
the  Great,  the  episcopal  palace,  the  town  house,  court-house, 
and  prison,  the  Instituto,  the  seminary,  the  normal  school, 
theatre,  baths,  and  civil  and  military  hospitals.  Lerida, 
in  the  wars  between  the  Carthaginians  and  the  Romans, 
adhered  to  the  former,  and  suffered  much  from  both.  In 
its  vicinity  Scipio  gained  a  signal  victory  over  Hanno, 
and  Julius  Caesar  defeated  Afranius  and  Petreius,  Pompey's 
lieutenants.  After  the  departure  of  the  Romans  it  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  Goths.  It  was  long  in  the  possession  of 
the  Moors,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  Raymond  Berenger, 
King  of  A  '•agon,  and  continued  for  several  centuries  after 
to  be  the  capital  of  his  kingdom.     Pop.  19,597. 

Lerida,  a  mountainous  province  of  Spain,  Catalonia, 
bounded  N.  by  France  and  Andorra.  Area,  4775  square 
miles.     Pop.  330,348. 

Lerin,  li-reen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Navarre, 
84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2000.  It  stands  on  a 
plain  near  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro. 

L6rin8  (liViN»')  Isles  (ane.  Leri'nm  In'tulm),  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  France,  de- 
partment of  Var,  near  the  coast,  chief  among  which  are  the 
Islands  of  Sainte-Marguerite  and  Saint-Honorat,  the  first  of 


which  was  the  prison  of  the  "  man  with  the  iron  mask," 
and  has  now  a  military  prison ;  and  the  second  was  the  seat 
of  the  famous  monastery  and  divinity  school  of  L^rins. 

Lerma,  liR'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles 
S.  of  Burgos.  Pop.  1995.  It  has  a  palace,  built  by  the 
Cardinal  Duke  de  Lerma,  minister  of  Philip  III. 

Lero,  li'ro  (anc.  Le'roa),  a  small  Turkish  island  of  the 
^gean  Sea,  off  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  35  miles  S.  of  Samoa. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  4  miles. 
Pop.  about  2000.  On  its  N.  side  is  a  tolerable  port,  and  on 
its  E.  the  town  of  Lero,  with  a  ruined  oastle. 

Le  Robert,  a  town  of  Martinique.    See  Robert. 

Le  Rose,  li  ro'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7 
miles  N.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1650. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Boone  oo.,  111^  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin line.     Pop.  1002. 

Leroy,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in  Empire 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  2  or  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  large  public  school,  and  a  plough-factory.     P.  1008. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus, Chicago  i.  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Crown  Point. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  151. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  (ex- 
clusive of  Blairstown)  1082. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Le  Roy  township,  Bremer  oo., 
Iowa,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  of  township,  379. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Coffey  oo.,  Kansas,  in  LeRoy 
township,  on  the  Neosho  River,  and  on  the  Neosho  division 
of  the  idissouri,  Kansas  k  Texas  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E. 
of  Emporia,  and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Neosho  Falls.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  brewery,  and  2  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  410; 
of  the  township,  727. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1207. 

Le  Roy  (Webberville  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  and  station 
of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  N.  line  of  Le  Roy  township, 
and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &,  Northern  Railroad,  19  milet 
E.  by  S.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  Le  Roy  township,  1205. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  in  Le  Roy  township,  Osceola  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  k  Indiana  Railroad,  79  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Cadillac.  It 
has  a  church,  2  large  lumber-mills,  and  an  active  trade  in 
pine  lumber  and  cedar  posts.     Pop.  of  township,  819. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  920. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin, 
and  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cresco,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1096. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Nevada,  and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Scott. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flouring-mill. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  Oatka  or  Allen's  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  £.  of  Batavia, 
52  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  has  a  station  on  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road and  one  on  the  Rochester  k  State  Line  Railroad.  Le 
Roy  contains  7  churches,  the  Le  Roy  Academic  Institute,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  of  stoves,  and  a  large  school  for  girls, 
styled  the  Ingham  University.  Here  is  the  Staunton  Con- 
servatory, in  which  are  numerous  paintings,  a  cabinet  of 
minerals,  Ac.     Pop.  2634;  of  the  township,  4754. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  0.     Pop.  811. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Westfield 
township,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cleveland,  and  18 
miles  N.  of  Wooster. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  Towanda  Creek,  8  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  fiour-mill  and 
2  saw-mills.  Coal  is  mined  3  miles  from  this  place.  The 
township  contains  3  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1144. 

Leroy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  5  milefl 
E.  of  Weyer's  Cave  Station. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  mile« 
N.  of  Jackson  Court-House. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Dodge  oo..  Wis.,  14  miles  S.S.W 
of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  bounded  W.  by  Horicon  Lake.    P.  1597 . 

Leroy,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Evanston. 

Le  Roy'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audubon  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Le  Roy  township,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Adair. 


LER 


1639 


LES 


liCrS)  IAb,  a  river  of  France,  which,  after  a  course  of 
above  70  miles,  joins  the  Ari6ge  above  Cintegabelle. 

Ler'ton,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Harvard. 

Lerwick)  Idr'rik,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  and  the  chief 
town  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Mainland,  on  Bressay  Sound, 
21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sumburgh  Head.  Its  people  are  em- 
ployed in  the  fisheries  and  in  manufactures  of  straw  plait. 
It  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Shetland 
courts  of  law.     Pop.  3516. 

Lesa,  li'si  (L.  Le'aia),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  7  miles  S.  of  Pallanza.     Pop.  1739. 

Les  Abtmes,  liz  i^beem',  a  town  of  the  French  colony 
of  Guadeloupe,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Qrande-Terre,  3  miles 
from  La  Pointe-S.-Pltre.  It  has  a  reform  school.  Pop.  of 
commune,  5381. 

Lesaca,  l4-s&'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  28  miles 
N.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2303.     It  has  iron-works. 

Lesage's,  l^-saj'iz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co,,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Cabell  Court-House.  It 
has  a  church. 

JLes  AUues,  \kz  &riU'  (L.  Allodia),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  6  miles  S.  of  Moutiers.     Pop.  1020. 

Les  Andelys,  liz  5N»Mlee',  a  town  of  France,  formed 
by  the  union  of  Great  and  Little  Andely,  in  Eure,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Evreux,  and  near  the  Seine.  Pop.  3257.  Near 
Little  Andely  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  fortress  built  by 
Richard  Coeur-de-Lion. 

Les  Anses  d'Arlet,  West  Indies.    See  Anse  d'Arlet. 

Les  ArcSf  liz  aRk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Yar,  at  a  rail- 
tray  junction,  8  miles  S.  of  Draguignan.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring.     Pop.  2198. 

Les  AubierS)  liz  o^be-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
Sdvres,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Bressuire.  Pop.  1182.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linens,  handkerchiefs,  and  cotton  yarn. 

Le  Sauk,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  246. 

Les  BatignolleS)  France.    See  Batignolles. 

Les  Bois,  li  bwi  (Ger.  Rudisholz,  roo'dis-hilts),  a  vil- 
lage of  Switzerland,  canton  and  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bern, 
on  the  Jura  Mountains.     Pop.  1697. 

Les  BordeS)  li  boRd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari^ge,  12 
miles  W.  of  Pamiers.     Pop.  1200. 

Lesbos,  in  the  ^gean  Sea.    See  Mityi/ene. 

Les  Bouchoux,  li  boo^shoo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Jura,  6i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Claude.     Pop.  1072. 

Les  Brenets,  li  br^h^ni',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Neufch3,tel,  on  the  Doubs, 
which  here  forms  a  cascade  85  feet  in  height.     Pop.  1640. 

Les  Brotteaux,  li  brotH5',  a  hamlet  of  France,  arron- 
dissement  of  Lyons,  of  which  it  forms  a  suburb. 

Lescar,  li^kaR'  (anc.  Bencar'numt),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Basses-Pyr6n6es,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1827. 

Les  Caunes,  li  kon,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Carcassonne.  Pop.  2390.  It  has  distilleries, 
dye-works,  and  marble-works ;  and  quarries  of  fine  marble 
are  wrought  in  its  immediate  vicinity. 

Les  Cayes,  a  town  of  Hayti.     See  Aux  Caves. 

Les  Chapelles,  li  shi^pSll',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  2  miles  from  Bourg-Saint-Maurice.     Pop.  861. 

Leschnitz,  lesh'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1439. 

Lescure,  iSs^kilR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  2019. 

Lescure,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  5  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  1422. 

Les  Cygnes,  Kansas.    See  La  Cyonb. 

Les  Eaux-Bonnes,  France.    See  Eaux-Bonnes. 

Les  £aux>Chaudes.    See  Eaux-Cbaddes. 

Les  Eboulemens,  liz  i^boorm&M<>',  a  post- village  and 
river-port  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  69  miles  below  Quebec.  It  is  at  the  foot  of 
Mount  Eboulemens,  2547  feet  high. 

Les  Echelles,  liz  i'shfiir  (i.e.,  "the  stairs"),  a  Til- 
lage of  France,  in  Savoy,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Chamb6ry,  on 
the  Guiers.  It  is  named  from  the  stairs  which  formerly 
existed  here,  and  which  have  been  replaced  by  a  road  cut 
in  the  mountain. 

Les  £cureuils,liz  i^kiiVuI',  a  post- village  and  river- 
port  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 25  miles  above  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Lesegno,  li-sin'yo,  or  Lezegno,  Ifid-zin'yo,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  8  miles  from  Mondovi.     Pop.  1589. 

Les  Escoumains,  liz  Ss^koo^mis"',  a  post-village  in 
Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
27  miles  below  Tadousac. 

Les  Essarts,  liz  ds^saR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  765. 


Les  Gets,  li  zhi  (L.  Jac'tua),  a  village  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Taninge.     Pop.  1262. 

Lesghians,  le8'ghe-§,nz,  a  people  of  the  Eastern  Cau- 
casus, formerly  distinguished  for  their  hostility  to  Russia, 
to  which  country  they  are  now  subject.  They  speak  several 
very  different  languages,  and  are  mostly  believers  in  a  kind 
of  Mohammedanism. 

Les  Gl^nans,  France.    See  Gl^nans. 

Les  Gonaives,  Hayti.    See  Gonaives. 

Les  Grandes  Yentes,  li  gr&Nd  v&Nt,  a  village  oi 
France,  Seine- Inferieure,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Dieppe.   P.  1844. 

Les  Herbiers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Herbiers. 

Lesia,  the  Latin  name  of  Lesa. 

Lesignano  di  Bagni,  li-seen-yi'no  dee  bin'yee,  a 
village  of  Northern  Italy,  14  miles  S.AV.  of  Parma.  It  is 
celebrated  for  its  mineral  springs.     Pop.  3006. 

Lesignano  di  Palmia,  li-seen-yi'no  dee  pil'me-&, 
a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Baganza,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  3156. 

Lesina,  ISs'e-ni  (ano.  Pha'ros  or  Pha'rus  In'eula),  an 
island  of  Dalmatia,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Spalato,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, between  the  islands  of  Brazza  and  Curzola.  Length, 
40  miles ;  breadth,  from  2  to  6  miles.  Pop.  13,000.  Prin- 
cipal products,  figs,  wine,  marble,  anchovies,  and  rosemary 
oil.  Chief  towns,  Citta  Yecchia  and  Lesina,  a  bishop's  see, 
on  the  S.W.  coast.     Pop.  2820. 

Lesina,  li-see'ni,  a  town  of  South  Italy,  province  and 
29  miles  N.W.  of  Foggia,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of 
Lesina.     Pop.  1323.    See  Lake  of  Lesina. 

Les  Isles  Bouchards,  liz  eel  boo^shaR',  several 
islands  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between  Yer- 
chSres  and  Contrecceur,  Quebec. 

Les^kard',  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Spring  Creek,  10  miles  N.  of  Newcastle.  It  has  good  water- 
power,  with  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  200. 

Leskau,  Ids'kdw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  and 
W.N.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1000. 

Leskeard,  a  borough  of  England.    See  Liskeard. 

Leslie,  ISz'lee,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Cupar-Fife.  It  has  cotton-mills  and  linen- 
works.     Pop.  3763. 

Leslie,  les'l^,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Hutchinson. 

Leslie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  35  miles 
from  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <fec. 

Leslie,  a  post-village  in  Leslie  township,  Ingham  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  of  Jackson,  and  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches, 
a  foundry,  a  tannery,  2  planing-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, 2  stave-  and  heading-mills,  and  8  flowing  mineral 
wells.     Pop.  about  1500 ;  of  the  township,  2615. 

Leslie,  a  post-office  of  Yan  Wert  co.,  0. 

Leslie  Run,  a  station  in  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Leslieville,  les'lee-vil,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 2i  miles  from  Toronto.  It  contains  nurseries  covering 
150  acres,  several  brick-fields,  and  8  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Les  Loges,  a  village  of  France.     See  Loges. 

Lesmahagow,  Ids-m^-hi'go,  or  Abbey  Green,  a 
village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lanark,  on 
the  Clyde.     The  parish  has  mines  of  excellent  gas-coal. 

Les  Marquises,  the  French  for  Marquesas  Islands. 

Les  Martigues,  a  town  of  France.     See  Martigues- 

Les  Mees,  li  mi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpes, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1601. 

Lesmo,  Ids'mo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Milan,  near  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1937. 

Les  Moulins,  li  mooMiN"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  a  suburb  of  Lille. 

Lesneven,  li^n^h-viN"'  (ano.  Evenop'olisf),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Finist^re,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brest. 
Pop.  2437.     It  has  a  large  naval  hospital. 

Lesuo,  ISs'no,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  11  miles  S.  of 
Brescia.     Pop.  3400. 

Lesparre,  ISs^paR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gironde,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2442. 

Les  Pyramides,  the  French  for  the  Pyramids. 

L'Esquiliade,  Ids-keery&d',  a  small  island  in  the 
Mediterranean,  Hydres  group,  near  the  coast  of  France. 
Lat.  43°  3'  N.;  Ion.  6°  36'  E. 

Les  Riceys,  li  ree^si',  three  contiguous  villages  of 
France,  forming  together  a  town,  in  Aube,  on  the  Laignes, 
7i  miles  S.  of  Bar-sur-Seine.     Pop.  2755. 

Les  Rousses,  li  rooss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura, 
20  miles  N.  of  Geneva.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  manu- 
factures of  watches.     Pop.  425. 


LES 


1640 


LET 


Lessa,  iSs'sl,  a  seaport  village  of  Portugal,  prorince 
of  Minho,  4  miles  N.  of  Oporto. 
Les  Sables,  or  Les  Sables-d'OIonne,  li  sib'l- 

doMonn',  a  town  and  seaport  of  France,  on  the  Bay  of  Bis- 
cay, in  Vendue,  21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon. 
Pop.  9188.  It  stands  partly  on  a  sandy  peninsula  and 
partly  on  an  elevated  rock,  and  has  a  port  for  vessels  of 
about  500  tons.  It  has  sea-baths,  ship-yards,  and  important 
fisheries  of  sardines,  Ac.  Wine,  grain,  salt,  wood,  and  fish 
are  exported  hence. 

Les  Saintes,  Ik  sS,Nt,  some  small  islands  of  the  French 
West  Indies,  ofi'  the  S.  extremity  of  Guadeloupe,  of  which 
they  are  dependencies.  Aggregate  area,  9  square  miles. 
Pop.  1532.  The  products  comprise  manioc,  sweet  potatoes, 
cotton,  tobacco,  poultry,  fish,  provisions,  pottery,  and  some 
coffee.  Among  them  is  one  of  the  best  roadsteads  in  the 
West  Indies,  strongly  fortified.  They  were  discovered  by 
Columbus,  November  4,  1495.  The  principal  islets  are 
Terre-de-Haut,  Terre-de-Bas,  L'llot-^-Cabri,  and  Grand  lie. 

ies  Saintes-Maries,  li  sS,Nt-m4*ree',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Bouches-du-Rh8ne,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Rhone,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aries. 

liCSsay,  lfis*s4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  13  miles 
N,W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1541. 

liesse,  I8ss  or  iSs's^h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  joins  the 
Mouse  a  little  above  Dinant,   Whole  course  under  50  miles. 

liCSSe,  ISs's^h,  a  village  of  Brunswick,  12  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Brunswick.     Pop.  1176, 

Lessen,  15s's§n,  or  Laszyn,  li'shin,  a  town  of  West 
Prussia,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop,  2342. 

Les'ser  Slave  Lake,  a  lake  of  Canada,  North-West 
Territories,  about.  100  miles  long,  and  above  30  miles  broad 
at  its  broadest  part.  It  is  in  the  middle  of  a  trading  district 
known  as  that  of  Lesser  Slave  Lake,  in  extent  about  400 
miles  from  E.  to  W.,  and  200  from  N,  to  S, 

Lessines,  15s' seen',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Dender,  19  miles  by  rail  N,N,W,  of  Mons.  Pop.  6658. 
It  has  distilleries,  and  chiccory-  and  salt-factories. 

Lessuoi-Karamush,  lSss-noi'-k&-r&-moosh',  a  village 
of  Russia,  government  and  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saratov. 

Lessoe,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Las5b. 

Lessolo,  iSs'so-lo,  or  Lezzolo,  Idt'so-lo,  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1916. 

Lessona,  iSs-so'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  No- 
vara,  5  miles  from  Biella,     Pop.  1350, 

Les'son  Islands,  the  most  E.  of  the  Sohouten  Islands, 
N.  coast  of  Papua.     Lat.  3°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  48'  E, 

Lester,  Marion  co..  Ill,     See  Fosterburg, 

Les'ter,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Lester  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  of  the  township,  947. 

Lester,  a  post-village  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  in  Forest 
township,  on  a  lake  (which  is  3  miles  long),  about  12  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Faribault.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms,  ploughs,  and  wagons. 

Lester,  a  post-office  of  Merrick  co..  Neb. 

Lester  Manor,  formerly  Fish  Haul,  a  post-hamlet 
of  King  William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Pamunkey  River,  and  on 
the  Richmond,  York  River  <fc  Chesapeake  Railroad,  26  miles 
E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  cannery  for  tomatoes,  Ac. 

Lesterps,  iSsHaiRp',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente, 
5  miles  E.N.B.  of  Confolens.     Pop.  1426, 

Les'ter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Columbia, 
It  has  a  church. 

Les'terville,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  Dakota. 

Lesterville,  a  post-village  of  Reynolds  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Le  Sneur,  1$  soo'^r,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Cannon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  sugar-maple, 
elm,  and  ash  abound.  Among  the  features  of  this  county 
are  numerous  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staples. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A 
Omaha  Railroad  and  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Le  Sueur  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,607  ;  in 
1880,  16,103;  in  1890,  19,057. 

Le  Suear,  a  post-borough  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Minnesota  River,  in  a  small 
township  of  its  own  name,  12  miles  below  St.  Peter,  and  63 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road. It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  woollen  goods, 
and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  1763. 


Le  Sueur  Centre,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital 
of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Sueur. 

Le  Sueur  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Waseca  co.,  runs 
northwestward  in  Blue  Earth  co.,  and  enters  the  Blue  Earth 
River  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato, 

Leave,  ISs'v^h  or  laiv?  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur,     Pop,  1640, 

Leswithiel,  a  town  of  England,     See  Lostwithiel, 

Lesza,  li's5h\  or  Lisza,  lee's5h\  a  village  of  Tran- 
sylvania, 37  miles  S.E.  of  Hermannstadt.     Pop.  1270. 

Leszno,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Lissa. 

Leta,  Kis,  kish  li'tSb*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  ot 
Szabolcz,  near  Nyir  Bathor,     Pop.  1350. 

Leta,  Naoy,  nSdj  li't5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co,  of 
Bihar,  on  the  road  to  Klausenburg,     Pop.  5414. 

LeUart',  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  is  a  peninsula 
formed  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  contains  Antiquity  and 
Letart  Falls.     Pop.  1319. 

Letart,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co,,  W,  Ya.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  54  miles  N,N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Letart  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above  Pomeroy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop,  about  150. 

Letch'er,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
ders on  Virginia.  Area,  about  310  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Kentucky  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  S.E,  boundary  of  this  county  extends  along  the  summit 
of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Whitesburg,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4608;  in  1880,  6601 ;  in  1890,  6920. 

Letcher,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co,,  Ya. 

Le  Teil,  l^h  t&l,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Yilaine, 
17  miles  S,W,  of  Yitr6.     Pop.  2477. 

Le'the,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C, 

Le'them,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  5  miles  B.  of 
Forfar.     Pop.  953, 

Leti,  l&'tee,  a  marshy  island  of  Roumania,  formed  by 
the  Danube  at  its  delta  between  the  Kilia  and  Soolina 
mouths.     Length,  42  miles;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Leti,  or  Lettee,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Letti. 

Letitshev,  li-te-chfiv'  (Polish,  Letyczew,  li-titch'fiv,  or 
Latyczew,  l&-titoh'iv),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the 
Deraznia,  a  tributary  of  the  Bug,  69  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ka- 
mieniec.     Pop.  4772. 

Letmathe,  ldt'm4H9h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westpha- 
lia, 22  miles  W,  of  Arnsberg,  on  a  railway,  near  Iserlohn. 
It  has  cotton-print-works  and  manufactures  of  ornamental 
hardware.     Pop.  of  commune,  3714. 

Le-To,  an  island  belonging  to  China,  in  the  Yellow 
Sea,  off  the  peninsula  Shan-Toong,  It  has  a  good  harbor 
and  a  small  town, 

LeHohatch'ee,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  oo,,  Ala,, 
on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  21  miles  S,S,W.  of 
Montgomery,     It  ha«  a  church.     Pop,  about  250, 

Letohatchee  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  nearly  north- 
westward, and  enters  the  Alabama  River  in  Lowndes  co, 

Le  Treport,  l^h  tri'poR',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  at 
the  N,  extremity  of  the  department  of  Seine-Inf6rieure,  16 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Dieppe,  at  the  mouth  of  the  BrSle  in  the 
English  Channel,  Pop.  3591.  It  is  a  railway  terminus, 
and  has  a  good  artificial  port  and  a  large  fishery. 

Letshaw,  let'shaw,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  &,  Shamokin  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Herndon, 

Let'singer,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co,,  Tenn, 

Lette,  llt't^h,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  circle  ot 
Kosfeld,     Pop,  1553. 

Lette,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Lattai. 

Lettere,  Ifit-t4'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Naples, 
3i  miles  E.  of  Castel-a-Mare.     Pop.  5640. 

Let'ter  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W,  Ya. 

Letterhauten,  Ifit't^r-hSwH^n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1085, 

LetUerken'ny,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Donegal,  on 
the  Swilly,  6^  miles  N,W.  of  Raphoe,  It  has  a  harbor  at 
the  head  of  Lough  Swilly,  admitting  vessels  of  150  tons, 
and  a  salmon-fishery.     Pop,  2116, 

Letterkeny,  township,  Franklin  co..  Pa,     Pop.  2178. 

Lettermore,  an  island  near  Ireland.   See  Littermore, 

Letti,  Lettee,  or  Leti,  lit'tee,  an  island  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  Sera watty  group,  Lat.  8°  20'  S, ;  Ion, 
127°  50'  E. 

Lettowitz,  15t'to-*its*,  a  town  of  Moravia,  27  mile» 
N.  of  Briinn,  on  the  Zwittau.     Pop.  2100. 


LET 


1641 


LEV 


Letts,  or  Onon'wa,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Grandview  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about  500.  The  name 
of  its  post-ofiice  is  Letts. 

Letts  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Letts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind. 

Letur,  li-tooR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Albacete, 
30  miles  N.  of  Caravaca.     Pop.  1303. 

Letyczew,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Letitshev. 

Letzlingcn,  iSts'ling^n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, government  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1199. 

Leubsdorf,  loibs'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  1843. 

Leubus,  loi'bdds,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  28  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1934. 

Leuca,  Capo  di.    See  Cape  Lecca. 

Leucadia.    See  Santa  Maura,  and  Cape  Ducato. 

Leucate,  luh^kit',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aude,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  18  miles  S.  of  Narbonne.  Pop.  1612. 
The  Lake  of  Leucate,  partly  in  Aude,  is  a  lagoon,  10  miles 
in  length. 

Leuce,  an  island.     See  Isle  of  Serpents. 

Leuchars,  lu'Karz,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  a  railway,  4  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  523. 

Leuchtenberg,  loiK't§n-bflRQ\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Amberg,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  546. 

Leucophibia,  the  ancient  name  for  Whithorn. 

Leuctra,  luk'tra,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  in  La- 
conia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Koron,  Hi  miles  N.W.  of  Tzimova, 
and  now  called  Leftro. 

Leuctra,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Leondari. 

Leugast,  loi'g&st,  or  Markt  Leugast,  maRkt  loi'- 
gfl.st,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  district  of 
Stadtsteinach.     Pop.  1175. 

Leuk,  or  Leuck,  loik  (Fr.  Loulche,  loo-8sh';  L.  Leucia), 
a  village  and  bathing-place  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Va- 
iais,  on  the  Rhone,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Dala,  15  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Sion,  and  5000  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  1223. 

Leuka,  loi'ki,  or  Lokeuhaus,  lo'k^n-hSws^  a  town 
of  Hungary,  on  the  Gyongyos,  5  miles  from  Giins. 

Leukerbad,  loi'k^r-bit  (Fr.  Loulche  Ua  Baina,  loo^- 
ftsh'  \k  biN»),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  N.  of  Leuk. 

Leukersdorf,  loi'k^rs-doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  cir- 
cle of  Zwickau,  near  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1739. 

Leum,  loim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  38  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Coblentz,  on  the  Lahn.     Pop.  1206. 

Leupeghem,  loi'p^h-Ghdm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Bast  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent. 

Leurbost,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Luirbost. 

L'Europe.     See  Europe. 

Leutenberg,  loi't§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rudolstadt. 

Leuteusdorf,  loi't^ns-doRf,  Ober  (o'b§r)  Leutens- 
dorf,  or  Leitensdorf,  li't§ns-doRr,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  4572. 

Leutershausen,  lol't^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Baden, 
circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1411. 

Leutershausen,  loi't^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Altmiihl,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1482. 

Leuthen,  loi't^n,  several  villages  of  Germany,  one  in 
Prussian  Silesia,  10  miles  W.  of  Breslau,  where,  December  5, 
1757,  Frederick  the  Great  defeated  the  Austrians.    P.  1082. 

Leutkirch,  loit'klRK,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  40  miles 
S.  of  Ulm.     Pop,  2797. 

Leutmeritz,  Bohemia.    See  Leitmeritz. 

Leutomischl,  Bohemia.    See  Leitomischl. 

Leutrse  Castrum.    See  Lautbrburg. 

Leutschau,  loit'shSw  (Hun.  Looae,  lo'ch^^),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  on  a  hill,  123  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  6887. 
It  was  once  a  place  of  great  strength,  but  its  fortifications 
are  now  dilapidated.  It  has  2  gymnasiums,  a  seminary  for 
females,  and  an  asylum  for  the  children  of  soldiers. 

Leuven,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Louvain. 

Leuze,  luz,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  at  a  rail* 
way  junction,  on  the  Dender,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.  Pop. 
6000,  engaged  in  dyeing,  bleaching,  brewing,  <fcc.  The 
town  has  a  large  silk-mill. 

Leva,  I&'v5h\  or  Lewenz,  l&'Mnts,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Perecz,  a  tributary  of  the  Gran,  54  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  5914. 

Levadia,  Greece.    See  Livadia. 

Le  Val,  l^h  vk\,  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  3  miles  N. 
of  Brignolles.     Pop.  1564. 

Le  Val-d'Ajol,  France.    See  Vai.-d'Ajol. 
104 


Levallois-Perret,  l§h-virw4'-p5R-Ri',  a  northern 
suburb  of  Paris,  France,  outside  the  city.     Pop.  22,733. 

Leval-Trahegnies,  l§h-v41'-tri'hfin'yee',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  13  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2800. 

Levan',  a  post-village  of  Juab  co.,  Utah,  about  10  milea 
S.  by  W.  of  Nephi.     Pop.  440. 

Levanger,  li-ving'gh§r,  a  town  of  Norway,  35  milet 
N.E.  of  Trondhjem,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  Trondhjem- 
Fiord.  The  harbor  is  well  sheltered,  and  forms  a  kind  of 
commercial  outpost  for  Trondhjem.     Pop.  817. 

Levau'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  on  the  Cayuga  Southern 
Railroad,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Levanna,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  9  miles  below  Maysville,  Ky.  It  has  a  planing-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  doors,  and  sash.     Pop.  104. 

Levanso,  an  island  near  Sicily.    See  Levanzo. 

Levant,  l§-vint'  (from  the  French  verb  lever,  to  "  rise," 
and  signifying  literally  the  "  rising,"  but,  like  the  Latin 
Oriena,  denoting  the  "  East"),  a  name  of  French  derivation, 
usually  applied  to  the  eastern  coasts  of  the  Mediterranean, 
extending  from  the  western  part  of  Greece  round  to  the 

western  border  of  Egypt. Adj.  and  inhab.  Levantine, 

Ifiv^an-teen'  (It.  Leyantino,  li-vin-tee'no). 

Levant,  l^-vJnt',  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in 
Levant  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Kenduskeag 
River,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  several  saw- 
mills and  a  church.     Pop.  about  200;  of  township,  1159. 

Levant,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ellicott 
township,  1  mile  from  Falconer  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cheese- factory. 

Levante,  li-vln'ti,  a  circle  in  the  E.  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Genoa,  Italy,  bordering  the  Mediterranean  for  aboat 
45  miles.  Area,  450  square  miles.  Principal  towns,  La 
Spezia  (the  capital),  Lerici,  Levanto,  and  Sarzana. 

Levantine,  li-v4n-teen',  or  Val  Levantine  (It.  Le- 
vantina,  li-v&n-tee'nS,),  a  narrow  valley  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Ticino,  extends  from  St.  Gothard  to  the  confluence 
of  the  Ticino  with  the  Blegno.     Length,  16  miles. 

Levanto,  li-v4n'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
on  a  small  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
La  Spezia.     Pop.  4730. 

Levanzo,  la-vin'zo,  or  Levanso  (anc.  Buecina  f  or 
Phorbantia  ?)  one  of  the  jEgades  Islands,  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Sicily,  9  miles  W.  of  Trapani.    Length,  4  miles.    P.  5500. 

Levard,  Nagy  Levard,  n6dj  liVaRd',  or  Gross- 
Schfitzen,  groce-shiit's§n,  a  town  of  Hungary,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  2684. 

Leva'sy,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo. 

Le  Vauclin,  l§h  vo^kl&No',  a  town  of  the  French  West 
India  island  of  Martinique,  on  its  E.  coast.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 5532. 

Lev'ee,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  about 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  college 
or  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 

Level,  14V61',  or  Kaltenstein,  kil't^n-stine^  a  vil- 
lage of  Hungary,  4  miles  from  Wieselburg.     Pop.  1173. 

Lev'el,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  has  a  church. 

Lev'el  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Level  Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Castle  oo.,  Ky., 
about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Danville. 

Level  Land,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Level  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
10  miles  S.  of  High  Point. 

Level  Road,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Level's  Cross  Koads,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  ou., 
W.  Va. 

Le'ven,  a  small  river  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  flows 
S.W.  for  15  miles,  and  joins  the  Esk  3  miles  S.  of  Longtown. 

Leven,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
forms  the  channel  by  which  Windermere  communicates 
with  Morecambe  Bay. 

Leven,  a  small  stream  of  Scotland,  in  Argyleshire,  flow- 
ing into  Loch  Leven.    See  Loch  Leven. 

Leven,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumbarton, 
rises  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Looh  Lomond,  and  flows  S.  into 
the  Clyde  at  Dumbarton  Castle.     Length,  7  miles. 

Leven,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  issues  from 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  Loch  Leven,  flows  E.  14  miles,  and 
enters  the  Firth  of  Forth  at  Leven. 

Leven,  a  seaport  and  bathing-place  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Fife,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Leven,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.B. 
of  Kirkcaldy.  Pop.  2501,  employed  in  linen-manufactures 
and  in  tile-  and  iron-works. 


LEV 


1642 


LEW 


Leven,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  170. 

Le'venshulme,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster, 
St  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  2742. 

Levento,  li-v5n'to,  or  Levenzo,  14-vdn'zo,  a  village 
of  France,  11  miles  N.  of  Nice,  with  1795  inhabitants. 

Levenworth,  Kansas.    See  Leavenworth. 

Leverano,  li-vi-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2858. 

Lev'erett,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Leverett  township,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.  of  Palmer.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  831.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  satinets, 
fruit-boxes,  and  water-pails. 

Lev'ering,  or  Waterford,  a  post- village  of  Enox  oo., 
0.,  in  Middlebury  township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Ver- 
non. It  has  several  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  is 
Levering  Post-Office. 

Levern,  li'vgrn,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Minden,  circle  of  Lubbeoke.     Pop.  1267. 

Le'vey,  a  township  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  297. 

lieTice,  I&-vee'ch&,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  from 
Alba,  on  the  East  Bormida.     Pop.  1092. 

IieT'ick's  Mill}  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo. 

lievicO)  iSv'e-ko,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Trent,  near  a  small  lake.     Pop.  4342. 

Levier^  I^h-ve-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Pontarlier.     Pop.  1297. 

Le  Vigan,  l?h  vee^gfiu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on 
the  Arre,  an  affluent  of  the  H6rault,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Ntmes.  Pop.  4340.  It  has  a  communal  college,  manu- 
factures of  silk  and  cotton  hosiery,  cotton  yarn,  leather, 
and  paper,  and  a  marble-quarry. 

Le  Vigean,  i^h  vee^zh6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Montmorillon.     Pop.  1300. 

Levignac,  l§h-veen^yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  9  miles  N.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1470. 

Lev'ingood)  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Lev'iS)  a  township  of  Clark  co,.  Wis.     Pop.  264. 

Levis,  liVee'  or  lev'is,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  N.W. 
by  the  river  St.  Lawrence.    Chief  town,  Levis.    Pop.  24,831. 

Levis,  Levis  Town,  or  Point  Le'vi,  the  chief 
town  of  the  co.  of  Levis,  Quebec,  situated  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Quebec,  and  172  miles  N.E.  of 
Montreal.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Levis  &,  Kennebec 
Railway  and  of  a  branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and 
the  landing-place  of  the  passengers  arriving  from  Europe 
by  the  ocean  steamships.  It  contains  a  commodious  hotel, 
a  number  of  stores,  extensive  fortifications,  a  convent,  and 
several  saw-mills  and  factories,  and  has  a  very  extensive 
shipping-trade.     Pop.  6691. 

Lev'iston,  a  station  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Audenried,  Pa. 

Levita,  or  Lebita,  Ifiv'e-ti  or  li-vee't&  (anc.  Lebin'- 
tho$),  an  island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Amorgos.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  26*  32'  E.  It  is  4  miles 
long  by  4  miles  broad. 

Levizzano,  U-vit-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Modena.     Pop.  2200. 

Levone,  U-vo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  district  and  about 
4  miles  S.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1120. 

Levorano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Leverano. 
•    Levroux,  l§h-vroo'  (anc.  Gabatum  f  or  Leprosum  t),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Indre,  13  miles  N.  of  Chiteauroux. 
Pop.  3243.    It  has  manufactories  of  fine  woollen  cloths  and 
leather,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn,  wine,  and  wool. 

Le'vy,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Suwanee  River. 
Area,  1104  square  miles.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  corn,  sugar-cane,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  from  N.E.  to  S.  W.,  and  near  the  E.  border, 
by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  which  com- 
municates with  Bronson,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2018 ; 
in  1880,  6767;  in  1890,  6586. 

Lewenz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Leva. 

Lewes,  loo'is,  a  borough  of  England,  in  Sussex,  on  the 
navigable  Ouse,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  44  miles 
S.E.  of  London,  and  8^  miles  N.E.  of  Brighton.  It  is  finely 
situated  on  a  declivity  of  the  South  Downs,  and  has  a  gram- 
mar-school, almshouses,  a  county  hall,  a  jail,  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, barracks,  and  theatre.  A  considerable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  with  London  by  the  port  of  Newhaven.  The  town 
is  lighted  with  gas  and  amply  supplied  with  water.  Lewes 
is  said  to  have  been  the  Roman  station  Mutuantonia.  Simon 
de  Montfort  and  the  barons,  in  1264,  defeated  Henry  III. 
hero  and  imprisoned  him  in  the  castle.    Pop.  (1891)  10,997i 


Lewes,  lew'ez,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on 
Delaware  Bay,  about  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cape  Henlopen,  and 
104  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wilmington.  It  is  adjacent  to  the 
Delaware  Breakwater,  and  is  on  the  Junction  k  Breakwater 
Railroad.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  several  large 
hotels,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Lewes  and  Reho'both,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  oo.,  Del. 
Pop.  2128.  It  contains  Lewes,  Rehoboth,  Cape  Hen- 
lopen, &0. 

Lewey's  Island,  Maine.    See  Princeton. 

Lewin,  li-^een',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  14  milee 
W.  of  Glatz.     Pop.  1616. 

Lew'insTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  oo.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Falls  Church  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lew'is,  the  northernmost  and  largest  isla  id  of  the 
Outer  Hebrides,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  lat. 
57°  40'  and  68°  32'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  and  7°  W.,  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  the  Minch  Channel,  30  miles  across. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60  miles;  greatest  breadth,  30  miles. 
Its  southern  peninsular  portion  is  called  Harris.  On  the 
E.  side  are  Loch  Erisort  and  Broad  Bay,  and  on  the  AY. 
Loch  Roag.  Its  N.  headland,  the  Butt  op  Lewis,  lat.  58° 
31'  N.,  Ion.  6°  14'  W.,  rises  to  80  feet  above  the  sea.  A 
great  part  of  the  island  is  rugged,  but  it  is  not  generally 
so  lofty  and  bare  as  Harris,  and  it  has  many  low  swampy 
tracts.  Gneiss  is  the  prevailing  rock,  and  much  of  the  sur- 
face is  covered  with  peat  and  with  remains  of  ancient  for- 
ests. The  island  abounds  with  Druidic  edifices  and  ruined 
fortresses.  The  people  are  of  Celtic  descent ;  but  in  the  N.  is 
a  race  of  Scandinavian  origin,  although  speaking  the  Gaelic 
language.     Stornoway,  the  chief  town,  is  on  the  E.  coast. 

Lew'is,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders 
on  the  state  of  Ohio.  Area,  about  450  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  mostly 
hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples. 
Limestone  crops  out  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Vanceburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9115;  in  18S0,  1.3,154;  in  1890,  14,803. 

Lewis,  a  northeastern  county  of  Missouri,  has  an  area 
of  about  610  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Wyaconda, 
North  Fabius,  and  Middle  Fabius  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  upland  prairies  and 
forests  growing  near  the  streams.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  this  county. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Quincy,  Omaha  it,  Kansas  City  and 
St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &,  Northwestern  Railroads.  Capital, 
Monticello,  on  the  North  Fabius  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,114;  in  1880,  15,925;  in  1890,  16,936. 

Lewis,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  1294  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Black  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Beaver,  Moose, 
and  Oswegatohie  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  pine, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy- 
farming.  Hay,  oats,  butter,  cheese,  potatoes,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part 
of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rome,  Watertown 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Carthage  &,  Adirondack 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lowville.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,699;  in 
1880,  31,416;  in  1890,  29,806. 

Lewis,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  280  square  miles.  The  Buffalo  River  drains  the 
southern  part  of  this  county,  and  Duck  River  runs  very 
near  its  northeastern  extremity.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass, 
peanuts,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  New- 
burg,  on  a  tributary  of  Duck  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  1986; 
in  1880,  2181 ;  in  1890,  2555. 

Lewis,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Washington,  ha^ 
an  area  of  about  2308  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Chehalis  and  Cowlitz  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  eastern 
part  of  this  county  is  diversified  with  high  mountains  of 
the  Cascade  Range.  A  large  part  of  its  area  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces 
oats,  wheat,  grass,  potatoes,  <fcc.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Chehalis.  Pop. 
in  1870,  888;  in  1880,  2600;  in  1890,  11,499. 

Lewis,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  River.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  high  hills,  extensive  forests,  and  fertile 
valleys.  Indian  com,  wheat,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
IS  traversed  by  the  West  Virginia  &   Pittsburg  Railroad, 


LEW 


1643 


LEW 


two  branches  of  which  unito  at  Weston,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,175;  in  1880,  13,269;  in  1890,  15,895. 

LewiS)  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles  N.  of 
Wilsonville. 

LewiS)  a  township  of  Clay  eo.,  Ind.,  on  Eel  Hirer. 
Pop.  1220. 

LewiS)  Vigo  co.,  Ind.    See  Centbbville. 

LewiS)  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  East 
Nishnabatona  River,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Atlantic,  and  44 
miles  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  650. 

Lewis,  a  hamlet  in  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Owens- 
borough  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Owensborough. 
It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Holt  co..  Mo.  Pop.  4081.  It 
contains  Forest  City  and  Oregon. 

LeAVis,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Lewis,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lander  co., 
Nev.,  15  miles  from  Battle  Mountain  Station.  It  has  silver- 
mines  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Lewis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lewis  town- 
ship, about  32  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Mount  Marcy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1744. 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1207.  It 
is  in  a  forest-region,  and  contains  West  Leyden. 

LeAvis,  a  station  in  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Canandaigua. 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  2817.     It  contains  Higginsport. 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  963. 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1228,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Turbotville, 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1007.  It 
contains  Hartleton. 

Lewis,  a  station  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Chester  Court-House,  S.C. 

Lewis  and  Clarke,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part 
of  Montana,  has  an  area  of  about  2600  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  N.  by 
the  Sun  or  Medicine  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  this  county  comprises  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
with  some  fertile  valleys.  These  mountains  produce  forests 
of  fir,  spruce,  hemlock,  cedar,  and  pine.  Wheat,  grass,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  contains  many  gold- 
mines, also  mines  of  silver,  lead,  and  copper.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Montana  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Helena.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5040;  in  1880,  6521;  in  1890,  19,145. 

Lew 'is  Bay,  a  post-settlement  in  Cape  Breton  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  30  miles  from  Sydney.     Pop.  150. 

Lew'isberry,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Newberry  township,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and 
a  town  hall.     Pop.  268. 

Lew'isborough,  a  post-township  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  42  miles  N.E.  of  New  York. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Croton  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad.  Pop.  1600.  It  con- 
tains hamlets  named  Cross  River  and  Golden's  Bridge. 

Lew'isbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Conway  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Mor- 
rillton,  and  49  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3  or  4 
churches,  a  newspaper,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill.  Coal 
is  found  here. 

Lewisbnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash 
River  and  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  8  miles  E.  of  Logansport. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay 
♦ownship,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Corydon. 

Lewisburg,  Logan  co.,  Ky.    See  Henryville. 

Lewisburg,  a  village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Maysville.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.  Pop.  150. 
Here  is  North  Fork  Post-Office. 

Lewisburg,  a  village  of  St.  Tammany  parish,  La.,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  about  32  miles  N.  of 
New  Orleans.     Pop.  1 10. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co..  Miss.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Hernando.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  school. 

Lewisburg,  or  North  Lewisburg,  a  post-village 
of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
A  Great  Western  Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  936. 

LeAVisburg,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  Twin 
Creek,  in  Harrison  township,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 
It  has  4  churches  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  391.  Here 
are  several  quarries  of  fine  limestone. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Union  oo.,  Pa., 


is  delightfully  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  West  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  Creek, 
and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  A  Spruce  Creek  Railroad, 
which  connects  at  Montandon  with  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie 
Railroad,  63  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg,  and  about  14  miles 
W.  of  Danville.  A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  This 
place  is  the  seat  of  the  Lewisburg  University  (Baptist), 
which  was  organized  in  1847.  Lewisburg  contains  7 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  town  hall,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  school  styled  University  Female  Institute.  It  has  2 
foundries,  a  woollen-factory,  and  manufactures  of  floor, 
lumber,  farming-implements,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3248. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Duck  River  Valley  iUilroad,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Columbia,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  460. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greenbrier  co., 
W.  Va.,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Greenbrier  Mountain,  and 
near  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Ronce- 
verte  Station,  9  miles  W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs, 
and  133  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  a  female 
seminary.     Pop.  in  1890,  1016. 

Lewis  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in 
Orange  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lewis  Creek,  Vermont,  rises  in  Addison  co.,  drains 
the  S.  part  of  Chittenden  co.,  runs  westward,  and  enters 
Lake  Champlain. 

Lewis  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with  Shelbyville,  8  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  the  latter. 

LeAvis  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Lewis  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex.,  on  tue 
Angelina  River. 

Lewis  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Statesville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1062. 

Lewisham,  loo'ish-am,  a  village  of  England,  in  Kent, 
on  the  Ravensbourne,  on  several  railways,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
London.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  94,335. 

LeAVis  Head,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  27  miles  from  Shelburne.  Pop.  120. 

Lewis  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about  33  miles 
W.  of  Marietta. 

Lew'is  Island,  Dampier  Archipelago,  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Australia,  is  in  lat.  20°  35'  S.,  Ion.  116°  33'  E. 

LeAVis  Mill,  a  station  on  the  Keokuk  A  Kansas  City 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Glasgow,  Mo. 

Lewis  Mills  (Lamira  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  in  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of 
Bellaire.     It  has  2  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lewis  Mills,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  th* 
Waynesburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Honeybrook. 

LeAVis  Mines,  a  station  in  Jackson  oo.,  HI.,  on  the 
Cairo  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Murphysborough. 
Here  coal  is  mined. 

Lew'isport,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above  Owensborough,  and  10 
miles  by  land  W.  of  Hawesville.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  Much  tobaooo  is  prepared  and  shipped 
here.     Pop.  308. 

LcAvis  River,  Idaho.    See  Snake  River. 

Lewis  River,  a  village  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington,  ou 
the  Cathlapootle  River,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kalama.  It  has  a 
church. 

Lewis  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  oo..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Bradford. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  oil-wells. 

LeAVis  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad. 

Lewis  Station,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Se- 
dalia.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Lewis'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  oo.,  Va. 

Lew'iston,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  about  170  miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains.  Gold  is 
found  here.     Pop.  338. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nez  Peroes  oo., 
Idaho,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Snake  River,  just  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Clearwater,  near  lat.  46°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  117" 
W.  It  is  supported  mainly  by  trade  and  the  navigation  of 
Snake  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  849. 

Lewiston,  the  most  populous  city  of  Androscoggin  oo., 
Me.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  (left)  bank  of  the  Androscoggin 
River,  opposite  Auburn,  35  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  about 


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30  niil(!s  S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  several 
branches  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  with  the  Auburn  <fc 
Lewiston  Kailroad,  which  connects  with  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad.  The  river  here  falls  about  60  feet,  affords  abun- 
dant water-power,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Two 
iron  railroad  bridges  and  2  other  bridges  cross  the  river  at 
this  place.  Lewiston  is  the  second  city  of  Maine  in  popula- 
tion, and  derives  its  prosperity  chiefly  from  manufactures 
and  trade.  It  is  the  seat  of  Bates  College  (Free-Will  Bap- 
tist),  which  was  organized  in  1863  and  has  11  professors. 
It  has  12  churches,  a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  3 
savings-banks,  and  a  high  school.  A  dam,  or  system  of 
dams,  costing  about  $1,000,000,  has  been  constructed  here 
across  the  river,  the  water  of  which  is  conveyed  to  the 
mills  by  a  canal.  The  Franklin  Company  own  the  water- 
power.  The  capital  here  invested  in  manufactures  is  stated 
to  be  $9,000,000,  which  is  distributed  among  18  corporations, 
employing  about  8500  persons,  and  producing  goods  valued 
at  $11,000,000  in  a  year,  or,  including  Auburn,  $1.3,000,000. 
About  40,000,000  yards  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  are  man- 
ufactured here  annually.  The  number  of  spindles  in  the 
factories  of  Lewiston  is  285,000.  The  woollen-mills  pro- 
duce fancy  cassimeres,  beaver  cloths,  meltons,  repellants,  <t:c. 
Among  the  other  articles  made  in  Lewiston  are  brushes,  files, 
looms,  trunks,  brooms,  machinery  for  cotton-mills,  ticking, 
seersucker,  duck,  burlaps,  checks,  jute  bags,  and  grain-bags. 
Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,600;  in  1880,  19,083;  in  1890,  21,701. 

liewiston^  a  hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Gan- 
non River,  about  33  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Utica  township,  on  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  about 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  oT  Winona.  It  has  a  church  and  a  ware- 
house for  grain.     Pop.  284. 

Lewiston,  or  Lewistown,  a  post-ham1et  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  La  Belle  township,  on  the  Quinoy,  Missouri  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quincy,  111. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  in  Lewiston  township,  Ni- 
agara CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara  River,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation,  about  7  miles  below  the  cataract,  and  7 
miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  opposite  to  Queenstown, 
Canada,  and  is  at  the  N.  base  of  a  high  terrace  called  the 
Mountain  Ridge.  Steamboats  ply  daily  (in  summer)  be- 
tween Toronto  and  Lewiston,  which  is  on  a  branch  of  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  770 ;  of  the  township,  2829. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Wood- 
ville  township,  3  miles  from  the  Roanoke  River.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  &o. 

Lewiston,  a  post-oflSce  and  mining  village  of  Tooele 
CO.,  Utah,  26  miles  W.  of  Lehi.  It  has  rich  mines  of  silver 
or  gold  and  a  quartz-mill. 

Lewiston,  Virginia.     See  Luxenburq  Court-House. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  or  near  the  Great 
Kanawha  River,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Lewiston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Lewiston  township,  near  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Portage  City.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1046.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  knit  goods. 

LeAviston,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Albbrton. 

Lewiston  Junction,  or  Hotel  Road,  a  sUtion  in 
Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.  of  Portland,  2  miles  N.  of  Danville  Junction,  and 
bi  miles  S.W.  of  Lewiston,  to  which  the  Lewiston  &  Auburn 
Railroad  extends  from  this  point. 

Lew'istOAvn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  111., 
in  Lewistown  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quinoy  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria,  and 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.  Itoontains  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  a  public  hall,  a  college, 
and  a  graded  school,  and  has  manufactures  of  wool,  lumber, 
and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  2166 ;  of  the  township,  3246. 

Lewistown,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Frederick,  has  3  churches  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Lewistown,  Lewis  co.,  Mo.     See  Lewiston. 

Lewistown,  a  post-village  of  Montana,  capital  of 
Fergus  co.,  near  the  head-streams  of  the  Judith  River, 
about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Benton.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office  and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns.  Pod. 
850.  ^ 

Lewistown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  at 
a  railway  crossing,  10  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly. 

Lewistown,  a  small  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefontaine. 

Lewistown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa., 


on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylrania  Railroad 
and  the  Sunbury  &  Lewistown  and  Mifflin  &  Centre  County 
Railroads,  70  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Altoona,  and  61  miles  N.W. 
of  Harrisburg.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kishacoquillaa 
Creek,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  It 
contains  a  commodious  court-house,  an  academy,  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  iron-furnaces,  2  flour-mills, 

2  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  axes,  boilers,  engines, 
Ac.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
3222.  The  station  on  the  main  line  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  is  known  as  Lewistown  Junction,  and  is  1  mile  S. 
of  Lewistown  Station. 

Lew'isville,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  South-Western  Railway,  52  miles  W.S.W.  oJ 
Camden,  and  7  miles  £.  of  the  Red  River.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  common  schools.     Pop.  about  400i 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  44  miles  B.  of 
Indianapolis,  and  24  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  sohool,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  446. 

Lewisville,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Lewisville,  Coshocton  co.,  0.   See  Canal  Lewisville. 

Lewisville,  a  post- village  in  Summit  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  124. 

Lewisville,  a  hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chil- 
licothe. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  about 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Salem. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  in  Elk  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester.  It  has  2  ohorohM, 
a  paper-mill,  and  several  flour-mills. 

liewisville,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     See  Bowbb. 

Lewisville,  a  small  hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
from  Livermore  Station,  and  about  36  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Ebenezer  Post-Office. 

Lewisville,  a  village  in  Ulysses  township,  Potter  co., 
Pa.,  near  the  source  of  the  Genesee  River,  about  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and 
5  general  stores.     Pop.  226.     Here  is  Ulysses  Post-Office. 

Lewisville,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2507. 

Lewisville,  a  village  in  Amelia  township,  Orangeburg 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  38  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  several  stores,  and  is  a  place  of  active 
trade.     Post-office,  St.  Matthew's. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  17  miles 
W.  of  Piano.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  498. 

Lewisville,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Lew'isville,  or  Louisville,  loo'e-v!l,  a  post-village 
in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Chatham.  It  con- 
tains a  flouring-mill  and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co..  New 
Brunswick,  1^  miles  from  Moncton.  It  contains  a  tannery, 
a  store,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Lew>Kew  Islands,    bee  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Lex'ington,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Congaree  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  North  Edisto,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Saluda, 
which  flows  through  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  and 
empties  into  the  Congaree.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undu 
lating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  cedar, 
and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  South  Bound  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Lexington  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,988;  in  1880,  18,564;  in  1890,  22,181. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Florence. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Qa., 
about  85  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Lex- 
ington Station,  or  Crawford,  which  is  on  the  Athens  Branch 
of  the  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Athens.     It  has 

3  churches,  an  academy,  Ac. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  in  Lexington  township,  Mc- 
Lean CO.,  111.,  1  mile  N.  of  the  Mackinaw  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Blooming- 
ton,  and  111  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  2  banks.  Pop.  about 
1500 ;  of  the  township,  2404.  Grain,  cattle,  and  other 
stock  are  the  staple  products  of  the  township. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lex- 
ington township,  on  the  Louisville  Branch  of  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Louisville,  Ky« 
and  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.    It  has  an  academy, 


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1645 


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5  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  a  planing-mill,  &o.  Pop. 
440 ;  of  the  township,  2529. 

Lexington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Washington. 

Lexington,  a  township  of  Johnson  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1638.     It  contains  De  Soto. 

Lexington,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Louisrille,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  29  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Frankfort,  77  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  and  94  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Louisville.  Lat.  38°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  33'  W.  The  city 
is  very  pleasantly  situated,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile, 
undulating  country.  The  streets  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles,  are  well  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas.  Main  street 
is  80  feet  wide.  Here  is  a  monument  to  Henry  Clay  which 
cost  about  $50,000.  He  resided  many  years  at  Ashland, 
near  this  town.  Lexington  is  the  seat  of  the  Kentucky 
University,  which  was  organized  in  1858  and  has  9  in- 
structors and  about  100  students  and  a  library  of  20,000 
volumes.  A  college  of  law  and  an  agricultural  and  me- 
chanical college  are  connected  with  this  institution.  This 
city  also  contains  a  state  lunatic  asylum,  which  occupies  a 
large  and  handsome  edifice,  17  churches,  a  court-house,  a 
fine  post-office  building,  a  public  library  of  16,000  volumes, 
3  national  banks,  2  state  banks,  a  commercial  college,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  8  papers,  among  which  are  1  or 
2  daily  newspapers  and  a  monthly  agricultural  paper.  Here 
are  extensive  manufactures  of  bagging,  rope,  carriages,  dis- 
tilled liquors,  &o,  Lexington  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
Kentucky.  It  was  founded  in  1776  and  incorporated  in 
1782.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,656;  in  1890,  21,567. 

Lexington,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Lex- 
ington township,  about  56  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  397. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Lexington  township,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  railroad.  It  has  several  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  savings-bank.  Here  occurred  on  the  19th  of 
April,  1775,  a  memorable  action  between  the  British  soldiers 
and  a  small  body  of  militia.  This  was  the  first  battle  of  the 
Revolution.  A  monument  has  been  erected  here  to  com- 
memorate the  patriotism  of  the  eight  men  who  fell  in  that 
action.  The  township  contains  5  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2505. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  former 
capital  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Lexington  township,  on  Lake 
Huron,  about  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  20  miles  N. 
of  Port  Huron.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a  brewery, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  between  this  port  and  Detroit.  Pop.  in 
1890,  712;  of  the  township,  2602. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Lexington  township,  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Le  Sueur,  and 
17  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  630. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Holmes  co..  Miss., 
is  about  62  miles  N.  of  Jackson,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the 
Yazoo  River.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1075. 

Lexington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Mo., 
is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River, 
about  84  miles  below  Kansas  City  by  water  (42  miles  E.  by 
rail).  By  railroad  it  is  244  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
65  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.  A  branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad  extends  from  Sedalia  to  Lexington,  and  connects 
here  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad. 
It  is  also  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City 

6  Northwestern  Railroad.  Its  site  is  elevated  nearly  300 
feet  above  the  river.  It  contains  a  court-house,  the  Baptist 
Female  College,  the  Central  Female'  College  (Methodist 
Episcopal),  10  churches,  2  savings-banks,  2  other  banks, 
manufactures  of  furniture,  hemp  and  woollen  goods,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  Beds  of 
coal  underlie  Lexington  and  the  county.     P.  (1890)  4537. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lex- 
ington township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about  44  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1316. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davidson  co., 
N.C.,  on  Abbott's  Creek,  in  Lexington  township,  and  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Salisbury  with  Qreensborough,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  about  90  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
Raleigh.  It  has  3  white  and  3  colored  churches.  Gold, 
Bilver,  and  sine  are  found  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1444)    of  the  township,  3584. 


Lexington,  a  station  in  Highland  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Mari- 
etta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Blanchester. 

Lexington,  Perry  co.,  Ohio.    See  New  Lexington. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  and  on 
the  Lake  Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  seminary,  5  churches, 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  2  warehouses.     P(n).  482. 

Lexington,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  5700. 
It  contains  Alliance,  Limaville,  and  Mt.  Union. 

Lexington,  S.C.    See  Lexington  CouRT-HonsE. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henderson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Beech  Creek,  about  100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Tex.,  16  milu 
N.  of  Giddings  Station,  and  about  50  miles  £.  by  N.  of 
Austin.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  157. 

Lexington,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.,  Va.,  is  on  the  North  River,  about  32  milee 
N.N.W.  of  Lynchburg,  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Staunton. 
It  is  situated  in  the  long  and  fertile  limestone  valley  which 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  James  River  <fc  Kanawha  Canal.  Here  is 
the  Washington  and  Lee  University,  reorganized  in  1871, 
before  which  date  it  was  styled  Washington  College.  Lex- 
ington also  contains  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  founded 
in  1839,  7  churches,  a  bank,  and  1  or  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3059. 

Lexington  Conrt-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Lexington  co.,  S.C,  in  Lexington  township,  and  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Columbia.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  female  seminary,  a  high  school,  and  a  cotton- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  342 ;  of  the  township,  2468. 

Lexington  Junction,  a  station  in  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  <fc  Lexington  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Cincinnati  division,  1  mile  E.  of  La  Grange. 

Lexington  Junction,  Missouri.     See  Hbnbt. 

Lexovium,  a  town  of  France.     See  Lisieux. 

Ley'burn,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  887. 

Leyden,  or  Leiden,  li'd^n  (Fr.  Leyde,  lid  or  laid; 
L.  Lugdu'num  Batavo'rum),  a  city  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam,  and  17  miles 
N.  of  Rotterdam  (with  both  of  which  it  is  connected  by 
canals  and  railways),  on  the  Old  Rhine,  6  miles  from  ita 
mouth  in  the  North  Sea.  Lat.  52°  9'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  29' 
30"  E.  Its  old  walls  and  fortifications  have  been  removed. 
Leyden  is  intersected  by  canals,  and  encompassed  by  wind- 
mills, country-seats,  pleasure-grounds,  gardens,  and  fertile 
meadows.  The  streets  of  the  town  are  straight,  broad,  and 
kept  exceedingly  clean  :  Broad  street  (Breedestraat)  is  es- 
teemed one  of  the  finest  in  Europe.  The  town  hall,  founded 
about  1415,  but  since  that  period  often  altered,  is  situated 
in  this  street.  It  is  a  picturesque  old  building,  with  its 
prominent  parts  gilt,  30  windows  in  a  line  in  front,  a  tall 
spire,  and  3  highly  ornamented  projecting  gables.  In  the 
council-chamber  are  the  painting  of  the  Last  Judgment,  by 
Lucas  van  Leyden,  and  several  fine  historical  portraits. 
Near  the  town  hall,  in  the  same  street,  is  the  Gemeene-lands- 
huis  van  Rijnland,  containing  the  offices  of  the  superin- 
tendent of  dikes.  Other  noteworthy  edifices  are  the  prison, 
weigh-house,  butter-house,  cloth-hall,  barracks,  and  dock- 
yards. It  has  numerous  churches  and  a  synagogue,  besides 
sundry  congregations  worshipping  in  halls,  Ac.  There  are 
numerous  Latin  schools,  also  academies  of  drawing,  design, 
architecture,  and  music ;  but  the  most  important  educational 
institution  is  the  university,  formerly  one  of  the  most 
famed  in  Europe,  and  still  in  excellent  repute.  As  some 
indemnification  for  the  privations  sufiered  during  the  siege 
of  1574,  the  Prince  of  Orange  ofi"erod  the  inhabitants  ex- 
emption from  certain  taxes,  or  a  university.  They  chose 
the  latter,  and  it  was  accordingly  inaugurated  by  the  Prince 
the  following  year,  1675.  Connected  with  the  university 
are  a  botanic  garden,  an  observatory,  a  library  with  val- 
uable MSS.,  a  museum  of  comparative  anatomy,  one  of  the 
richest  collections  of  natural  history  in  existence,  cabinet 
of  coins,  museum  of  antiquities,  and  a  very  rich  ethno- 
graphic museum.  There  are  also  an  economic  garden  for 
the  promotion  of  native  gardening  and  agriculture,  and  a 
national  herbarium.  There  are,  likewise,  several  learned 
societies  and  a  fine-arts  society.  The  benevolent  and  char- 
itable institutions  are  very  numerous,  and  include  poor- 
houses,  hospitals  for  orphans,  old  men,  and  old  women, 
connected  with  the  various  religious  bodies.  The  cloth- 
manufactures,  for  which  Leyden  was  at  one  time  greatly 
famed,  have  revived  in  recent  years.   There  are  now  steaia 


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1646 


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oloth-f^tories,  coverlet-,  baize-,  and  camlet-factories,  wool- 
spinneries,  calico-print-works,  Ac. ;  also  tanneries,  skin- 
neries,  soap-works,  breweries,  distilleries,  and  a  macbine- 
factory.  The  former  great  trade  in  books,  carried  on  in 
the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  and  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  eighteenth  century,  and  rendered  world- 
renowned  by  the  Elzevirs,  is  represented  by  a  few  printing- 
ofBces. 

The  most  memorable  event  in  the  history  of  Leyden  is 
the  siege  it  sustained  from  the  Spaniards  in  1573-/4.  For 
seven  weeks  there  was  no  bread  within  the  walls,  and  when 
hunger  became  no  longer  bearable,  and  the  people,  dying  in 
hundreds,  implored  the  burgomaster  to  surrender  the  town, 
he  offered  his  body  to  appease  their  appetite,  and  thus  the 
most  clamorous  were  abashed.  To  relieve  the  town,  the 
Prince  of  Orange  at  last  broke  down  the  dikes,  and,  a  fa- 
voring wind  accompanying,  the  waters  came  over  the  land 
80  rapidly  that  above  1000  of  the  besiegers  were  drowned. 
The  same  wind  wafted  a  fleet  of  200  boats  from  Rotterdam 
to  the  gates  of  Leyden,  and  relieved  the  place.  Leyden  is 
the  birthplace  of  many  eminent  men.  The  population  of 
Leyden,  at  onetime  90,000,  was,  in  1890,  only  43,510. 

JLeydeii)  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Java,  opposite  Ba- 
tavia.     See  also  Mandetitoe. 

Leyden,  li'd§n,  a  township  of  Cook  oo..  111.  Pop.  1437. 
It  contains  Leyden  Centre. 

Leyden,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in  Ley- 
den township,  9  miles  N.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  church, 
•'op.  of  the  township,  524. 

Leyden,  or  Tal'cottTille,  a  post-village  in  Leyden 
township,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  or  near  Black  River,  and  on 
the  Utica  &,  Black  River  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  stone-quarry.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Leyden.  The  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Black  River,  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
Port  Leyden.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1975. 

Leyden,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Wis. 

Leyden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Leyderdorp,  li'd§r-doRp\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  on  the  Rhine,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  about  H  miles  E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  2417. 

Leye,  the  Flemish  for  the  Lys. 

Leyland,  lee'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, at  a  railway  junction,  5i  miles  S.  of  Preston.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  with  monuments  of  the  Farington  fam- 
ily, whose  mansion,  Shawhall,  contains  a  museum  and  a 
fine  gallery  of  paintings ;  a  grammar-school,  numerous 
other  endowed  schools,  almshouses,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  goods.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  10,257. 

Leyni,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Legni. 

Leyre,  lain,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Landes,  flows  N.N.W.  into  the  department  of  Gironde, 
and,  after  a  course  of  50  miles,  falls  into  the  basin  of  Aroa- 
ohon,  a  little  below  La  Mothe. 

Leyria,  a  city  of  Portugal.    See  Leiria. 

Leysele,  ll-si'li,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
West  Flanders,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2096. 

Leyte,  li'e-t4  or  li'ti,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
immediately  S.S.W.  of  Samar.  Length,  130  miles;  average 
breadth,  35  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  with  many  extinct 
volcanoes.  Its  soil  is  in  many  parts  very  fertile,  producing 
rice,  pepper,  wheat,  manila,  indigo,  cacao,  coffee,  sugar, 
dammar,  and  cotton,  with  ebony  and  other  fine  woods. 
Area,  3590  square  miles.  Pop.  284,495.  At  its  N.  end  is  a 
port  of  the  same  name. 

Leytha,  Leitha,  or  Leyta,  li'ti,  a  river  of  the  Aus- 
trian empire,  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Austria 
and  Hungary,  and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  an  arm 
of  the  Danube  at  Altenburg.  Between  it  and  Lake  Neu- 
■iedl  are  the  Leytha  Mountains, 

Ley'ton,  a  village  of  England,  co,  of  Essex.  5  miles 
by  rail  N,E.  of  London,     Pop.  of  parish,  10,394. 

Lez,  li,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  H6rault,  rises 
In  the  Cgvennes  Mountains,  and,  after  a  course  of  20  miles, 
falls  into  the  Mediterranean  2  miles  8.E,  of  Montpellier. 
Its  lower  and  navigable  part  is  called  the  Canal  de  Grave, 

Lez,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department  of  Dr6me, 
and  joins  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone  a  little  below  Pont 
Saint-Esprit,     Total  course,  nearly  45  miles, 

Lezardrieux,  l^h-zanMre-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Cfites-du-Nord,  16  miles  E,N,E,  of  Lapnion, 

Lezat,  lQh-z&'  (anc,  Lezatum  f),  a  town  of  France,  for- 
merly capital  of  a  district  called  the  Lezatois,  in  Ari6ge,  17 
Hiles  N.W.  of  Pamiers,  on  the  LSze.     Pop.  1547. 

Lezaysk,  li-zhisk',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  25  miles 
N.B.  of  RzessH>w.  on  the  San.     Pop.  4026. 


Lezignan,  li^zeen^yflu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  13 
miles  W.  of  Narbonne.  Pop.  4402.  It  has  large  distilleries 
and  tanneries. 

Lezoux,  l^h-zoo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-DOme, 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  2465. 

Lezuza,  li-thoo'th4  (anc.  Lihisoso'na  f  or  Liviao'sia  ?), 
a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  W,  of  Albacete,     Pop.  1549, 

Lezzeno,  14t-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.W,  of 
Bellagio,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago  di  Como,     Pop.  1373. 

Lezzolo,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Lessolo. 

Lgov,  or  Lgow,  I'gof,  a  town  of  Russia;  government 
and  36  miles  W.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Sem.     Pop.  3852. 

Lha-Ree,  or  Lha-Ri,  I'ha'ree,  a  large  village  ol 
Thibet,  about  180  miles  N.E,  of  Lassa,  in  a  gorge,  among 
barren  and  desolate  mountains.     The  government  has  here 
a  depdt  of  provisions.     Near  the  village  are  a  large  Boo<> 
dhist  convent  and  a  handsome  temple. 

L'Hassa,  the  capital  city  of  Thibet.    See  Lassa. 

Lhenicse,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Elhbnitz. 

Lhonanr,  I'ho-nawr',  a  town  of  India,  in  Hyderabad, 
42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jaulna.     Lat.  20°  N, ;  Ion,  76°  43'  E. 

L'Honor  de  Cos,  Io^dor'  d^h  kos,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  Aveyron,  7  miles  N.N.E,  of 
Montauban,     Pop.  1475. 

L'Hdpital,  a  village  of  France.    See  Albert- Villb 

Liadi,  a  town  of  Rassia.    See  Ladt. 

Liaghof,  Liakhov,  lee'&g-of,  or  Liachowski,  lee'- 
&g-ov'skee,  a  large  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  one  of  the 
New  Siberia  group,  N.  of  Asia.  The  name  is  sometimes 
given  to  the  whole  group, 

Liakhnra,  a  mountain  of  Greece,     See  Parnasscs. 

Liamone,  le-&-mo'n&  (anc.  Cercidiua  t),  a  river  of  Cor- 
sica, after  a  S.W.  course  of  2 1  miles  enters  the  Mediterranean 
11  miles  N.  of  Ajaccio.  In  1793  it  gave  name  to  the  south- 
ernmost of  the  two  departments  of  the  island. 

Liampo,  a  city  of  China,     See  Ning-Po. 

Lian-Choo,  Lian-Tchou,  le-&n'-choo',  or  Lian« 
Tcheon-Fou,  le-in'-ch4-oo'-foo',  written  also  Lien- 
Tehon,  Ie-£n'-choo,  a  city  of  China,  in  Quang-Tong,  240 
miles  S.W.  of  Canton.     Lat.  21°  43'  N.;  Ion.  109°  40'  E. 

Liancourt,  le-6N«^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  with 
a  station  on  the  Paris  <fc  Brussels  Railway,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Clermont.     Pop,  4005,     It  has  manufactures  of  shoes,  <tc. 

Liane,  le-in',  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Cslais, 
falls  into  the  English  Channel  and  forms  the  harbor  of 
Boulogne-sur-Mer. 

Liang-Choo,  Liang-Tchon,  le-&ng^-choo',  or  Li- 
ang-Tcheou,  lo-ing'-chfi-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kan-Soo,  140  miles  N.N, W,  of  Lan-Choo, 

Liao-Toung,  or  Liao-Tong.    See  Leao-Tono. 

Liazominskoi,  le-iz^-min-skoi',  an  island  of  Russia, 
government  of  Archangel,  in  the  White  Sea,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Dwina.     Length,  13  miles. 

Libadia,  Greece.     See  Livadta. 

Libanus,  a  mountain-range  of  Syria.     See  Lebanon. 

Libau,  lee'bfiw  (Lettish,  Leapaia,  le-&-pi'&),  a  seaport 
town  of  Russia,  Couriand,  on  the  Baltic,  N.  of  Lake  Libau, 
and  105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mitau.  Pop,  27,418.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  has  a  council-hall,  a  theatre,  a  hospital, 
extensive  almshouses,  and  an  orphan  asylum.  Its  harbor 
is  artificial.  Its  trade  is  considerable,  and  a  railway  con- 
nects it  with  the  interior  of  Russia. 

Lib'by's  Corner,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co,,  Mc, 
in  Deering  township,  1  mile  from  the  Portland  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad, 

Li'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co,,  Ind,,  in  Wayne  town 
ship,  2  miles  from  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Liberalitas  Julia,  an  ancient  name  of  Evora. 

Liberia,  li-bee're-a,  a  republic  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
in  that  part  of  Upper  Guinea  called  the  Grain  Coast,  extend- 
ing from  Sherbro  River,  on  the  N.W,,  to  Pedro  River,  on 
the  S.E.  (au  estimated  distance  of  from  500  to  600  miles), 
and  having  an  area  of  some  15,000  square  miles.  It  was 
founded  as  a  colony  of  free  blacks  in  1820  by  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  with  the  idea  that  many  of  the  liber- 
ated slaves  in  the  United  States  would  prefer  returning  to 
Africa,  The  whole  territorj'  of  Liberia  has  been  purchased 
from  time  to  time  from  its  original  owners.  It  is  well 
watered,  being  traversed  by  several  considerable  streams, 
and  its  natural  resources  are  immense.  Cotton  is  indige- 
nous, and  yields  two  crops  a  year.  Coffee  is  also  indigenous, 
and  affords  a  leading  article  of  export.  Sugar-cane  growi 
in  luxuriance,  and  cam-wood  in  unlimited  quantities ;  red- 
wood, bar-wood,  and  other  dyes  are  likewise  plentiful ;  the 
oil-palm  is  abundant ;  and  indigo,  caoutchouc,  ginger,  arrow- 
root, cacao,  cocoa-nuts,  pine-apples.  castorTUuts,  yams,  plan- 


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1647 


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tains,  bananas,  figs,  olives,  tamarinds,  limes,  oranges,  lemons, 
&o.,  may  be  added  to  the  list  of  vegetable  products,  many 
of  which  are  exported  to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  Ivory  is 
obtainable;  and  rich  metallic  veins  also  exist.  A  consid- 
erable export  and  import  trade  is  now  carried  on;  and  a 
large  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  interior  depend  upon 
Liberia  for  their  supplies  of  imported  goods.  The  principal 
articles  of  import  are  tobacco,  cotton  manufactures,  spirits, 
gunpowder,  and  flour.  The  exports  are  palm  oil,  palm  soap, 
coffee,  cam-wood,  sugar,  arrowroot,  ivory,  Ac. 

The  Liberians  have  built  for  themselves  many  churches, 
and  possess  schools  and  a  number  of  printing-presses.  The 
climate,  though  still  fatal  to  Europeans,  has  been  greatly 
improved  by  clearing,  drainage,  &c.  Monrovia,  the  capi- 
tal and  port  of  the  colony,  is  situated  on  Cape  Mesurado. 
The  government  of  the  country  is  precisely  on  the  American 
model,  consisting  of  a  president,  a  vice-president,  a  senate, 
and  a  house  of  representatives,  the  number  of  members  in 
the  former  being  6  and  in  the  latter  28.  Liberia  was  de- 
clared an  independent  state  in  July,  1847,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  recognized  as  such  by  Great  Britain  and 
France.  The  population  in  1891  was  estimated  at  1,068,000, 
of  whom  1,050,000  were  classed  as  of  aboriginal  stock,  and 

the  balance  Americo-Liberians. Adj.  and  inhab.  Libb- 

BiAN,  li-bee're-g,n, 

Ijiberk)  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Keichenberg. 

Libertad)  le-bfiu-t3,D'  (i.e.,  "  liberty"),  a  department 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  Peru,  consisting  of  a  long  narrow  tract, 
bounded  S.W.by  the  sea.  Area,  16,641)  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Trujillo.     Pop.  147,541. 

Lib'ertoii)  a  parish  and  village  of  Edinburghshire, 
Scotland,  co.  and  2i  miles  S.E.  of  centre  of  Edinburgh.  It 
contains  part  of  the  burgh  and  suburbs  of  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  of  parish,  6026. 

liib'erty)  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ocklockonnee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Appalachicola 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  inferior. 
It  produces  a  little  sugar-cane,  maize,  Ac.  Capital,  Bristol. 
Pop. in  1870,  1050;  in  1880,  1362;  in  1890,  1452. 

liiberty,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  966  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  theS.W. 
by  the  Altamaha  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  New- 
port River  and  Cannouchee  River,  which  touches  the  N. 
part  of  it.  The  surface  is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  sandy.  An  inlet  of  the  ocean 
penetrates  to  the  eastern  extremity  of  this  county.  Cotton, 
rice,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Hinesville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7688;  in  1880,  10,649;  in  1890,  12,887. 

liiberty,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1170  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  through- 
out its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  by  Trinity  River.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  great  numbers 
of  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital, 
Liberty.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  in  1870,  4414;  in  1880,  4999;  in  1890,  4230. 

liiberiy,  a  post-oflSce  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark. 

Liberty^  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.     P.  1231. 

Liberty^  a  post-hamlet  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Franklin,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Bear  Lake.  It 
has  a  church.     Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this  place. 

Liberty^  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  several 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1623. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  EflSngham  co.,  111.     Pop.  504. 

Liberty,  Randolph  co..  111.    See  Rockwood. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  757. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1639. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Fulton  co,,  Ind.     Pop.  1429. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1989. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2478. 
It  contains  Belleville. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1884. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1697. 

Liberty,  or  Traf 'algar',  a  village  of  Johnson  co., 
Ind.  It  is  on  the  Franklin,  Fairland  &  Martinsville  Rail- 
road, 7i  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin,  and  about  28  miles  S.  of 
Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  200.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Trafalgar. 

Liberty,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River,  3  or  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1540. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  798. 


Liberty,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1465. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1394. 
It  contains  North  Liberty. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1746. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianap- 
olis Railroad,  52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  aboat 
15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  a  jail  which  cost 
$30,000,  a  fine  new  school-house  which  cost  $15,000,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.    Pop.  in  1890, 1314. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  763. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wabash  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  181  li. 
It  contains  La  Fontaine. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1176. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1097.  It 
contains  Liberty  Centre. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  888. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1217. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  175. 

Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township,  Clarke 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Otter  Creek,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  925. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  825. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  924. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1071. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  614.  _ 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1080. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  820. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1574. 
It  contains  Marysville. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  756. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  305. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  282. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  395. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1043. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1031. 
It  contains  Liberty  Centre. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  374. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  304. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  CoflFey  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  483. 
It  contains  Bangor. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  293. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Geary  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  274. 
Here  is  Moss  Springs  Post-Office. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
494.     Here  are  the  post-offices  of  Lyona  and  Woodbine. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  585. 
Here  is  Indian  Creek  Post-Office. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  515. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  752. 
It  contains  Labette. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  660. 
Here  is  Goodrich  Post-Office. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  Big  Hill  Creek,  and  on  the  Leaven- 
worth, Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Humboldt,  and  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Independence.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  749. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Osborne  co,,  Kansas.     P.  179. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  365. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  856. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  Pop. 
642,     Here  are  the  post-offices  Byron  and  Coloma. 

Liberty,  a  village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.   See  Braulette. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  66  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a 
court-house,  3  churches,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  St.  George  River,  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  water-power  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  907. 

Liberty,  Maryland.     See  Libertttown. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in  Liberty 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250;  of  the  township,  1027. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  368. 

Liberty,  a  hamlet  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about  24 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Amite  co..  Miss.,  is 
near  the  Amite  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Natchez.  It 
has  5  churches.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  854. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1680. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  164l< 


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1648 


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Liberty )  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo.,  Mo.     P.  870. 

Liberty^  a  post-town,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.,  Joseph  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Kansas  City,  and  3i  miles  N.  of  the  Missouri  River. 
It  contains  a  fine  court-house,  2  private  banks,  2  newspaper 
ofiBoes,  a  high  school,  the  Clay  Seminary  for  young  ladies,  5* 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  woollen  fab- 
rics, and  wagons.  Here  is  William  Jewell  College  (Baptist), 
organized  in  1848.     Pop.  in  1890,  2558 ;  of  township,  4872. 

liiberty^  a  township  of  Cole  co..  Mo.     Pop.  901. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1071. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  781. 

liiberty,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1036. 

liiberty,  a  township  of  Iron  co..  Mo.     Pop.  479. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1210,  ex- 
elusive  of  Macon. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Madison  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  480. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Marion  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  3871.  It 
•ontains  Palmyra. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.     Pop.  470. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  893. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1174. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1529. 
tt  contains  Lancaster. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  St.  Francois  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1405. 
It  contains  Libertyville. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1307. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  772. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  879. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Beatrice. 

Liberty,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    See  Cohocton. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Railroad, 
107  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  and  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Port  Jervis.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  the  Liberty  Nor- 
mal Institute,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  400. 
The  township  contains  post-bamlets  named  Parksville  and 
Stevensville,  and  a  pop.  of  3343. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1170. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2860. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1009. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Yadkin  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1588. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.    Pop.  1377. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  1443.  It 
contains  Bethany. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1184.  It 
contains  Port  William  and  Lumberton. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  1597.  It 
contains  Annapolis. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  1395. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  3000.  It 
contains  Baltimore  and  Basil. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Guernsey  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1183.  It 
contains  Kimbolton. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1011. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.  Pop.  2308.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Ada. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.  Pop.  1766.  It 
contains  Liberty  Centre. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  5189. 
It  contains  Hillsborough. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1747. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  959. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     Pop.  837. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1624.  It 
bontains  West  Liberty. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  779. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  about  9 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
Bchool,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  cigars. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1120.  It 
contains  Leipsic. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  1460.  It 
fcontains  Londonderry  and  London  Station. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  1668.  It 
contains  Bettsville. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  2420. 
It  contains  Church  Hill  and  Girard. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  1414. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  1174. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.  Pop.  1632. 
Xt  contains  Dalzell  and  Germantown. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wood  oo.,  0.     Pop.  965. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  860. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  806,  ex- 
elusive  of  the  borough  of  Saxton. 


Liberty «  a  township  of  Centre  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1062. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  traversed  by 
Alleghany  River.     Pop.  1093.     It  contains  Portage  Creek . 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  634. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1229. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
New  York  line.     Pop.  1030. 

Liberty  (sometimes  called  Block  House),  a  post- 
village  of  Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Liberty  township,  about  24 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
several  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  brewery.  Coal  is  found 
near  this  place.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1379. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  408. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  and  a  station 
on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  141  milee 
N.E.  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn.,  about  50 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  plough-factory,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Liberty  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Trinity  River,  about  22  miles  from  its  en- 
trance into  Galveston  Bay,  and  on  the  Texas  A  New  Orleans 
Railroad,  40  miles  E.  of  Houston,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Gal- 
veston. Steamboats  can  ascend  to  this  place  in  all  seasons. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  hotel,  a  drug-store, 
a  saw-mill,  a  lumber-factory,  and  genera!  stores.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Liberty,  formerly  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Va.     See  Bedford  Citt. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va.,  11  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Winfield,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
a  blacksmith-shop  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.     Pop.  882. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.     P.  1420. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Outagamie  oo..  Wis.     P.  499. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  oo..  Wis.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  Kickapoo  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.     Pop.  of  township,  447. 

Liberty  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marquette 
00.,  Wis.,  in  Springfield  township,  on  the  railroad  between 
Portage  and  Stevens  Point,  31  miles  N.  of  Portage. 

Liberty  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa, 
about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school. 

Liberty  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  \ 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  BluflTton. 

Liberty  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  ip 
Liberty  township,  near  the  Maumee  River,  and  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  » 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Liberty  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J., 
about  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  carriages. 

Liberty  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  0. 

Liberty  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa., 
5  miles  S.  of  Towanda.     It  has  a  church. 

Liberty  Falls,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Liberty  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  38 
miles  W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill^ 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Liberty  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  12  miles  W.  of  Edenburg.  It  has  an  iron-furnace. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Liberty  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Port  Deposit. 

Liberty  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex. 

Liberty  Grove,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  forms 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  Green  Bay  peninsula.     Pop.  672. 

Liberty  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Liberty  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  14 
miles  N.  of  Newberry  Court-House. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles 
from  Martin's  Station. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  Liberty  Hill  Station  is 
on  the  Boston  <fc  New  York  Air- Line  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Willimantic. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  small  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ga., 
about  46  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Atlanta. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bienville  parish.  La., 
64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grainger  co.,  Tean^ 
22  miles  N.  of  New  Market.     It  has  a  church. 


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1649 


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Liberty  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tex., 

about  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Austin.     Pop.  47. 

Liberty  Landing,  a  station  in  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  near  Lib- 
erty, on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Northern  Railroad,  32  miles  abojre  Lexington. 

Liberty  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Liberty  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rapidan  River,  6^  miles  W.  of  Orange  Court-House. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  brooms,  &c. 

Liberty  Peak,  Montana,  is  in  Gallatin  co.,  very  near 
Union  Pass.     Its  height  is  computed  to  be  9162  feet. 

Liberty  Pole,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in 
Franklin  township,  4  or  5  miles  S.W.  of  Viroqua,  and  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Liberty  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  111.,  3  miles  N.  of  Edwardsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Liberty  Ridge,  a  post-oflSce  of  Grant  co..  Wis. 

Liberty  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark., 
30  miles  N.  of  Lewisburg. 

Liberty  Square,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  Drumore  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 

Liberty  Store,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Lib'ertytown,  or  Liberty,  a  post- village  of  Freder- 
ick CO.,  Md.,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Frederick.  It  has  5  stores,  4  churches,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  (estimated)  600. 

Lib'ertyville,  a  post-village  in  Libertyville  township, 
Lake  co.,  III.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  about  36  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  550 ;  of  the 
township,  1694.  Libertyville  Station  is  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  32  miles  from  Chicago. 

Libertyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fay- 
ette township,  about  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Libertyville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Liberty  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
plough-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 

Libertyville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo., 
about  70  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a  high 
school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Libertyville,  a  small  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
49  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  church. 

Libertyville,  a  hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Ithaca.    Here  is  South  Lansing  Post-Office. 

Libertyville,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Wallkill  River,  3  miles  from  Lake  Mohunk,  and  about  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Libethen,  le-bi't§n  (Hun.  Libeth-Banya,  lee^bStt'- 
bin'ySh*),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl,  14  miles  E.  of 
Neusohl.     Pop.  1530.     It  has  mines  of  iron  and  copper. 

Libiczium,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Leibnitz. 

Libisosona,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lezcza. 

Libochowitz,  le-boK'o-*its,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1968. 

Libokovo,  le-bo-ko'vo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Argyro-Castro. 

Libourne,  lee^booRn'  (anc.  Gondati  Lillse,  or  lAbur'- 
numt),  a  town  and  river-port  of  France,  in  Gironde,  capital 
of  an  arrondissement,  on  the  Dordogne,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Isle,  and  on  the  railway  from  Tours,  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  12,872.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  large  cavalry  barracks,  manufactories  of  woollen  stuffs, 
glass,  leather,  nails,  iron,  and  cordage,  yards  for  ship-build- 
ing, a  port  admitting  vessels  of  300  tons  at  high  water,  and 
a  considerable  traffic  with  Bordeaux  in  wines,  brandy,  salt, 
and  grain.  It  was  founded  in  1286  by  Edward  I.,  King  of 
England. 

Li'brary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  about  13 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  circulating 
library. 

Libreville,  a  town  of  France.    See  Charleville. 

Liburnum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Leghorn. 

Libya,  lib'e-^  (Gr.  Ai/Svi;,  Libue),  the  ancient  Greek 
name  of  Africa.  It  was  sometimes  applied  in  a  restricted 
sense  to  the  region  immediately  W.  of  Egypt,  extending 
200  or  300  miles  from  E.  to  W.,  and  of  an  indefinite  breadth 
from  N.  to  S. Adj.  and  inhab.  Libyan,  lib'e-9.n. 

Lib'yan  Des'ert,  that  part  of  the  Sahara'  or  Great 
Desert  bounded  N.  by  Tripoli,  E.  by  Egypt  and  Nubia,  S. 
by  Darfbor  and  Waday,  and  W.  by  Fezzan  and  the  country 
of  the  Tibboos.  Here  the  continent  of  Africa  shelves  down 
towards  the  Mediterranean  in  a  series  of  terraces,  consisting 
of  vast  level  sandy  or  gravelly  deserts,  lying  E.  and  W., 


separated  by  low,  rooky  ridges.  This  desert  is  probably  not 
less  than  1000  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  from  500 
to  600  miles  in  breadth.  It  contains  the  oasis  of  Seewah, 
with  the  town  of  the  same  name,  about  lat.  20°  12'  N.,  Ion. 
26°  15'  E.,  near  which  is  the  village  of  Qharmy. 

Libysaa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Haraeah. 

Licata,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Alicata. 

Licca,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  Lika. 

Licenza,  le-ch£n'z&  (anc.  Digen'tiat),  a  village  of 
Italy,  12  miles  from  Tivoli,  on  a  mountain-stream,  cele- 
brated by  Horace.  The  poet's  Sabine  villa  stood  about 
midway  between  the  road  and  the  river.     Pop.  1270. 

Lich,  liK,  a  town  of  Central  Germany,  Hesse,  province 
of  Ober-Hessen,  on  the  Wetter,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Giessen. 
Pop.  2360,  mostly  Lutherans. 

liich'iield,  sometimes,  but  rarely,  written  Litch'field, 
a  city,  and  county  of  itself,  of  England,  in  the  county  of 
Stafford,  on  the  Grand  Junction  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction, 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stafford,  and  110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lon- 
don.  It  stands  on  a  fine  plain,  and  is  mostly  well  built. 
The  cathedral,  one  of  the  noblest  ecclesiastical  edifices  in 
the  kingdom,  is  built  in  the  rich  style  of  the  thirteenth  and 
fourteenth  centuries.  Lichfield  has  also  a  large  episcopal 
palace,  a  deanery,  fine  parish  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
a  divinity  college,  an  ancient  hospital  and  numerous  other 
charities,  a  workhouse,  a  guild  hall,  jail,  theatre,  a  market- 
house,  2  branch  banks,  excellent  breweries,  and  manufac- 
tories of  carpets,  paper,  beer,  coaches,  linens,  kc.  Lichfield 
formerly  sent  a  member  to  Parliament.    Pop.  in  1891, 7864. 

Lichtaert,  liKHaRt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  23  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1700. 

Lichten,  liK't^n,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  on  tbn 
Raben,  12  miles  from  Freudenthal.     Pop.  2003. 

Lichtenau,IiK't^b-now\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
26  miles  S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1249. 

Lichtenau,  Ober  and  Nieder,  o'b^r  and  nee'd^r  Hk'- 
teh-n3w^  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Silesia,  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2311. 

Lichtenau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the 
Losse,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1393. 

Lichtenau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  47  miles 
S.  of  Minden,  on  the  Sauer.     Pop.  1315. 

Liclitenberg,  liK't§n-b5RG\  a  former  principality  of 
Germany,  now  in  the  S.  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  between  Rhen- 
ish Bavaria  and  Birkenfeld.  It  was  ceded  to  Prussia  by 
the  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  in  1834. 

Lichtenberg,  liK't^n-bfiRO  (Fr.  pron.  leek't6N"'baiR'), 
a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zabern. 
Pop.  1074. 

Lichtenburg,  liK't?n-b56RQ\  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  government  and  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Merseburg. 

Lichtenfels,  liK't§n-f41s\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  and  on  the  Nuremberg  <fc  Neumarkt  Railway,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  2309. 

Lichtensteg,  liK'tfu-stio^  a  town  of  Switzerland,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur.     Pop.  1039. 

Lichtenstein,  liK't§n-stine\  or  Liechtenstein, 
leeK't§n-stine\  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chemnitz,  near  a  mountain  crowned  by  a  castle.     Pop.  4725. 

Lichtenstein,  a  state  of  Europe.   See  Liechtenstein. 

Lichtenvoorde,  liK't^n-voR'd^h,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Groenlo.     Pop.  3626. 

Lichtervelde,  liK't^r-vArd^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  5644.  It 
has  manufactures  of  tobacco,  leather,  beer,  Ac. 

Lichty,  lik'te,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Breinigsville  Branch  of  the  Catasauqua 
A  Fogelsville  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua. 

Lichwin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Likhvin. 

Lick,  Lyk,  lik,  or  Oelk,  oik,  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
55  miles  S.  of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Lake  of  Lick.  Pop. 
5912.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  paper. 

Lick,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.  Pop.  8746.  It 
contains  Jackson,  the  county  seat. 

Lick  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Orange  oo.,  runs  west- 
ward, and  enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  in  the  S. 
part  of  Martin  co. 

Lick  Creek,  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  flows  N.  into  Salt  River. 

Lick  Creek,  Ohio,  enters  Tiffin  River  in  Defiance  co. 

Lick  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward  through 
Greene  co.,  and  enters  the  French  Broad  River  about  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo..  111.,  12  milea 
N.E.  of  Anna.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-milL 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  Ind.,  12  milet 
S.W.  of  Orleans. 

Lick  Creek,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1444. 


Lie 


1650 


LIE 


Liok  Creek,  a  township  ofVan  Buren  co,,  Iowa.  P.  954. 

Lick  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  i  mile  from 
Liberty  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Lick  Creek,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Bast  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Rogersville  Junction. 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Lick  Fork,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Laurel  Fork  <fc  Sand  Hill  Railroad. 

Lick'ing,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  685  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Licking  River  and  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite 
at  Newark,  and  by  Raccoon  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  almost  the  whole  of  it 
being  cultivable.  Indian  corn,  wool,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are 
coal  and  sandstone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Ohio  Central  Lines,  and  other  rail- 
roads. Capital,  Newark.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,756 ;  in  1880, 
40,450;  in  1890,43,279. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  111.     Pop.  1625. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2185. 
It  contains  Hartford. 

Licking,  a  post-village  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  40  miles  S. 
of  Rolla,  and  130  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  850.  It 
contains  Jackson. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  992. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1218. 
It  contains  Callensburg. 

Licking  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Fulton  co.,  runs 
S.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  in  Washington  co.,  Md 

Licking  Creek,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     P.  925. 

Licking  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
state,  runs  northwestward  through  Magoffin  and  Morgan 
COS.,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Rowan 
and  Fleming  on  the  right,  and  Menifee,  Bath,  and  Nicholas 
on  the  left.  Its  direction  is  constantly  northwestward,  ex- 
cept short  deviations  (2  or  3  miles)  to  the  right  and  left. 
It  enters  the  Ohio  River  opposite  Cincinnati,  between  Cov- 
ington and  Newport.  Length,  about  220  miles.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  about  45  miles.  A  small  river,  called 
the  South  Licking,  drains  parts  of  Bourbon  and  Nicholas 
COS.,  runs  northward  through  Harrison  oo.,  and  enters  the 
Licking  at  Falmouth.  Its  North  Fork  runs  westward 
through  Mason  co.,  drains  part  of  Bracken  co.,  and  enters 
the  Licking  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Falmouth. 

Licking  River,  Ohio,  is  formed  by  the  North  Fork, 
the  South  Fork,  and  Raccoon  Creek,  which  unite  at  Newark. 
The  river  runs  eastward  to  Muskingum  co.,  and  southeast- 
ward to  Zanesville,  where  it  enters  the  Muskingum  River. 
It  is  about  80  miles  long,  including  the  North  Fork,  which 
rises  in  Knox  co.  and  runs  nearly  southward.  The  other 
branches  rise  in  Licking  co. 

Licking  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
on  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, at  Pleasant  Valley  Station,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Zanes- 
ville.    It  has  a  church. 

Lick'ingville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tionesta.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  &o. 

Lick'ley's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

Lick  Log  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  N.C. 

Lick  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Conway  co..  Ark. 

Lick  Run,  Athens  co.,  0.    See  Brettland. 

Lick  Run,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Lick  Run  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  oo.,  Va. 

Lick  Run  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa., 
in  Goshen  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  5  miles  below  Clearfield.  It  is  a  depot  for 
lumber,  and  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church. 

Licks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  1 
mile  from  Tuscarora  Station. 

Licodia,  le-ko'de-i,  or  Santa  Maria  di  Licodia, 
8&n't&  mi-ree'i  dee  le-ko'de-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Gatania,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Caltagirone.     Pop.  6656. 

Licosa,  Punta  di,  Italy.    See  Cape  Licosa. 

Licques,  leek,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  15 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1464. 

Lida,  lee'di,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Grodno.    Pop.  3715. 


Li'da,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Lida,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  about  20t 
miles  S.E.  of  Virginia  City.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Lid'del,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  a  bog  in  the  countj 
of  Roxburgh,  flows,  S.W.  for  about  24  miles  (for  a  part  of 
which  it  divides  Scotland  from  England),  and  joins  the 
Esk  3  miles  above  Longtown,  England.     See  Liddesdale. 

Lid^dell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Miss.,  SJ 
miles  E.  of  Vaiden.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Liddes,  lid'd^s  or  lidd,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Valais,  in  the  valley  of  Entremont,  on  the  road  from 
Martigny  to  the  Great  St.  Bernard.     Pop.  1222. 

Lid'desdale,  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  oo 
the  English  border,  traversed  by  the  river  Liddel. 

Lidericus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Loir. 

Lidi,  islands  of  Italy.    See  Lido. 

Lidingoe,  lee'din-go^Sh,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Channel,  a  little  N.E.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  a  great  holiday 
resort  for  the  inhabitants  of  that  city. 

Lidkoping,  or  LidKJoping,  lid'cho^ping,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  laen  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Mariestadt,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lid-an  in  Lake  Wener.  Pop.  4300.  It  has  a  mar- 
ket-place, in  which,  on  the  29th  of  September,  one  of  the 
most  frequented  fairs  in  the  kingdom  is  held.  It  is  a  rail- 
way terminus, 

Lid'ney,  or  Lyd'ney,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  16) 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gloucester,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  » 
bank  of  the  Severn.     Pop.  2893. 

Lido,  lee'do  (or  in  the  plural  Lidi,  lee'dee),  a  chain  of 
sandy  islands  of  Italy,  forming  a  curve  between  the  rivers 
Brenta  and  Piave,  separating  the  lagoons  of  Venice  from 
the  Adriatic.  They  contain  several  small  forts.  Of  thea* 
islands  that  of  Malamocco  is  generally  called  the  Lido. 

Lidzborg,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Lautenburo. 

Liebau,  lee'bow,  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Prerau.     Pop.  4019. 

Liebau,  lee'bdw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  34  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  4925,  mostly  weavers. 

Liebemilhl,  lee'b^h-miir,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  72 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2254. 

Liebenau,  leo'b9h-ndw\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2282. 

Liebenstein,  lee'b^n-stlne^  or  Sanerbrunn,  sfiw'- 
9r-brd5n\  a  watering-place  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  in  a  beau- 
tiful valley,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gotha.  It  has  a  very 
complete  bathing-establishment,  with  a  theatre.  The  water 
is  one  of  the  strongest  chalybeates  in  Germany. 

Liebenthal,  lee'b^n-t&P,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1852. 

Liebenthal  Hohen,  lee'b^n-t&r  ho'^n,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  circle  of  Schonau.     Pop.  1027. 

Liebeuwalde,  lee'b^n-^^&rd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Havel. 

Liebenwerda,  lce'b9n-^drM&,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  an  island  in  the 
Black  Elster.     Pop.  3028. 

Liebenzell,  lee'b^n-ts&ir,  or  Zell,  tsill,  a  town  of 
AVUrtemberg,  20  miles  W.  of  Stuttgart,  on  the  Nagold.  It 
has  mineral  baths,  and  important  linen-markets.  Pop.  1395. 

Lieberose,  lee'b^r-o^z^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1589. 

Liebervolkwitz,  lee'b^r-folk^'^its,  or  Lieberwolk- 
witz,  lee'b§r-<^olk'^its,  a  town  of  Saxony,  5i  miles  S.E. 
of  Leipsio.     Pop.  1806. 

Liebstadt,  leeb'st&t,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  54  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Muhl.     Pop.  2369. 

Liechtenstein,  leeK't^n-stine\  or  LichtensteiUy 
liK't?n-stine\  a  very  small  principality  of  Europe,  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Austrian  crown-land  of  Vorarl 
berg  and  Tyrol,  S.  by  the  Swiss  canton  of  Grisons,  and 
W.  by  the  Rhine,  which  separates  it  from  the  canton 
of  St.  Gall.  In  the  N.  it  terminates  almost  in  a  point. 
Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  15  miles ;  average  breadth, 
about  5  miles ;  area,  68  square  miles.  Vaduz  is  the  capital. 
The  family  of  Liechtenstein  is  a  branch  from  that  of  Este. 
The  prince  has  extensive  domains  in  Germany  and  in  Mo- 
ravia. Pop.  8664,  mostly  German  Catholics,  who  pay  no 
direct  taxes  and  are  liable  to  no  military  service.  The 
state,  though  nominally  independent,  is  practically  under 
Austrian  control,  being  connected  with  Austria  by  a  cus- 
toms-union, and  subject,  to  some  extent,  to  Austrian  legal 
administration. 

Liechtenstein,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Licbtenstein. 

Liedekerke,  lee'd^h-k^R^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Brabant,  12  miles  W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2729. 

Liedolsheim,  lee'dols-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  10 
miles  N.  of  Carlsrube.     Pop.  2078. 


LIE 


1651 


LIG 


liiefkenshoek,  leef  k^ns-hook^  a  fort  of  Belgiam,  in 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Antwerp, 
opposite  Fort  Lillo. 

Liefland,  a  government  of  Russia.     See  Livonia. 

Xiiege^  leoj  (Fr.  Liige,  le-aizh';  L.  Leo'dium;  Dutch, 
Luyk  or  Luik,  loik ;  Ger.  Luttich,  liit'tiK),  a  city  of  Bel- 
gium, capital  of  a  province,  54  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Brussels. 
It  stands  in  a  valley  terminated  W.  by  a  hill,  called  Sainte- 
Walburge,  and  E.  by  another  hill,  called  Le  Cornillon,  and 
ia  traversed  from  S.W.  to  N.B.  by  the  Meuse,  which  is  here 
joined  by  the  Ourthe.  It  is  an  important  railway  centre, 
and  has  a  great  citadel  and  other  fortifications.  Liege  is 
the  Birmingham  of  Belgium,  and  hence  on  approaching  it 
the  first  thing  usually  seen  is  a  dense  cloud  of  smoke.  The 
streets  in  the  old  quarters  are  narrow,  but  the  new  boule- 
vards and  streets  are  generally  elegant.  The  rivers  are 
generally  lined  with  stone  quays,  several  of  which  are  well 
planted  and  form  good  promenades,  and  there  are  many 
squares  which  afford  open  space.  The  principal  buildings  are 
the  cathedral  of  St.  Paul,  in  pure  Gothic,  the  church  of  St. 
Jacques,  one  of  the  finest  existing  specimens  of  ogival  arch- 
itecture, the  churches  of  St.  Martin,  St.  Croix,  St.  John, 
St.  Denis,  and  St.  Barth61emy,  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the 
ancient  residence  of  the  prince-bishops,  an  imposing  edifice, 
the  H6tel  de  Ville,  the  university,  occupying  extensive 
buildings  and  rich  in  collections  of  various  kinds,  and  the 
communal  college,  a  large  and  elegant  structure.  Liege  is 
the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  superior  court  of  justice, 
courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  an  episcopal  seminary, 
a  royal  college,  veterinary,  artillery,  industrial,  commercial, 
and  several  other  schools,  a  public  library,  cabinets  of  nat- 
ural philosophy  and  natural  history,  a  botanic  garden,  a 
conservatory  of  music,  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  deaf  and 
dumb  and  blind  asylums,  and  other  beneficial  institutions. 

The  great  staple  manufacture  of  Liege  is  iron.  Some  of 
its  establishments  in  this  manufacture,  particularly  that  of 
fire-arms,  and  the  construction  of  machinery,  surpass  those 
of  France  and  rival  those  of  Great  Britain.  The  other  prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  broadcloths  and  various  woollen 
stuffs,  jewelry,  tobacco,  carriages,  soap,  hats,  and  leather. 
The  trade  in  all  these  articles  is  considerable,  and  is  much 
aided  by  roads,  railways,  canals,  and  navigable  rivers,  which 
bring  the  town  into  communication  with  the  different  quar- 
ters of  the  kingdom.  The  mass  of  the  people  are  Walloons. 
Coal-mines  exist  around  and  within  the  city. 

Liege  was  founded  in  the  sixth  century,  but  was  not  sur- 
rounded with  fortifications  till  the  tenth  century.  In  1212 
it  was  taken  by  Henry  I.,  Duke  of  Brabant;  in  1467,  Charles 
the  Bold,  having  forced  an  entrance  into  it,  levied  enormous 
sums  from  the  inhabitants  and  razed  its  fortifications ;  in 
1691,  Marshal  Boufflers  bombarded  it  for  five  days ;  and  in 
1702  the  town  and  citadel  were  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough.    Pop.  in  1881,  126,233;  in  1891,   149,789. 

Inhab.  Lieger,  lee'j^r  (Fr.  Liegeois,  le-4^zhw4'). 

Liiege  (Dutch,  Luikerland  or  Luykerland,  loi'k^r-lint^), 
a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  Limbourg,  E.  by 
Rhenish  Prussia,  S.  by  Luxembourg,  S.W.  by  Namur,  and 
N.W.  by  Brabant.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  52  miles ;  breadth,  N. 
to  S.,  33  miles ;  area,  1117  square  miles.  It  belongs  to  the 
basin  of  the  Meuse,  by  which  it  is  traversed  from  S.W.  to 
N.E.  The  province  has  great  mineral  wealth,  and  is  finely 
cultivated.     Capital,  Liege.     Pop.  (1891)  762,196. 

liiegnitZy  leeg'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Eatzbach,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Schwarzwasser,  at  a 
railway  junction,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Breslau.  Lat.  61°  12' 
N. ;  Ion.  16°  12'  E.  Pop.  31,442.  It  was  formerly  fortified, 
but  its  works  have  been  replaced  by  public  walks.  It  has  a 
ohapel,  in  which  are  buried  the  princes  of  the  line  of  Piast, 
an  ancient  council-house,  an  academy  established  in  1810, 
an  orphan  asylum,  and  a  workhouse.  Here,  on  the  16th 
of  August,  1760,  the  Prussians,  under  Frederick  the  Great, 
totally  defeated  the  Austrians.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linens,  hosiery,  tobacco,  hats,  <fcc. 

Liegnitz,  the  westernmost  district  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
bordering  on  Bohemia  and  Saxony.  Area,  6252  square 
miles.  It  has  a  diversified  surface,  much  fertile  soil,  and 
large  forests.     Capital,  Liegnitz.     Pop.  995,083. 

liiembe^  or  Liiemba,  le-em'ba,  a  lake  of  Africa,  con- 
nected with  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Tanganyika  by  a  broad 
channel.  It  is  40  miles  long  by  18  wide,  lies  in  a  deep 
valley,  and  is  very  beautiful. 

Liempde,  leemp'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  9  miles  S.  of  Bois-le-Duc. 

Lien,  leen,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  137. 

Liiendeii,  leen'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Nymwegen,  on  the  Rhine- 
dike.     Pop.  3917. 


Iiien-Tcheou,  or  Lien-Chew-Foo.    See  Liak- 

Choo. 

liientZ)  or  Lienz,  leents  (anc.  Leon'tium?),  a  town 
of  Tyrol,  on  the  Drave,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bruneck.  Pop, 
2111,  engaged  in  iron- works.     It  has  a  college  and  convents. 

Lieoo-ChoO'Foo,  or  Lieou-Tchoa-Foo,  lee- 
oo'-choo^-foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  on  a 
navigable  river.  Lat.  24°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  E.  LiEOO  is 
a  prefixed  name  of  various  Chinese  towns. 

liieou-Khieou.    See  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Liepvre,  leev'r,  or  LeDeran,  li'b^r-Sw,  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Colmar.    Pop.  2144. 

liierganes,  le-^R-g&'nds,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  10  miles  from  Santander.     Pop.  1084. 

Liierneux,  le-fin'nuh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2220. 

Iiierre,  or  Ijierj  le-aiR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Antwerp,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Great  and  Littlp  Nethe,  and  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  rampart  planted  with  trees,  is  generally 
well  built,  and  has  a  town  house,  5  churches,  3  chapels,  3 
convents,  a  hospital,  a  prison,  barracks,  an  orphan  asylum, 
several  almshouses,  and  8  primary  schools,  with  manufac- 
tures of  lace,  cotton,  woollen,  and  silk  fabrics,  beer,  spirits, 
and  oil.     Pop.  15,043. 

liiesdori)  lees'doRf,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  1390. 

liieser,  lee'z^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1420. 

Ijiesthal)  or  Liestal,  lees't&l,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
capital  of  the  canton  of  Basel  Land,  8  miles  by  rail  S.B. 
of  Basel.     Pop.  3873. 

liietor,  le-i-toK',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alba- 
cete,  on  the  Mundo,  63  miles  N.W.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  1731. 
It  has  a  Carmelite  convent,  and  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Liettani,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Litany. 

Ijietzen,  leet's^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  on 
the  Birnbach.     Pop.  1639. 

Lietzgohricke,  leets'goMk-k^h,  Alt,  &lt,  and  Neij, 
noi  (i.e.,  "  Old  and  New  Lietzgohricke"),  two  nearly  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Prussia,  government  of  Frankfort,  circle 
of  and  near  Kbnigsberg.     Pop.  1889. 

LieU)  or  Le  Lieu,  l§h  le-uh'  or  lyuh,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  Lake  Joux,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  1107. 

Lieurey,  le-uh V4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  8  miles 
S.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  2152. 

Lieuvin,  le-uhViN»',  an  old  division  of  Normandy, 
now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Calvados  and  Eure. 

Lieuwert,  the  Frisian  name  of  Leeuwarden. 

Li^vin,  le-iV8,N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  B6thune.     It  has  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  4496. 

Liezele,  lee-zi'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
15  miles  S.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1048. 

Lif'fey,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  rises  in  the  moun- 
tains  of  Wicklow,  and,  after  a  course  of  50  miles,  enters 
Dublin  Bay. 

Lif  ford,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Donegal,  on  the  Foyle,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Londonderry.     Pop.  752. 

Lif'ford,  a  post-village  in  Durham  oo.,  Ontario,  5i 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bethany.     Pop.  100. 

Lifu,  lee-foo',  the  largest  and  most  northerly  of  the 
Loyalty  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  (N.  end)  20°  27'  S.; 
Ion.  167°  47'  E.  It  is  37  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.,  and 
from  10  to  20  miles  broad,  and  belongs  to  France. 

Liger,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Loire. 

Ligeth,  lee^gait',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Banat,  on 
the  Temes.     Pop.  1946. 

Light'ning  Creek,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, Indian  Territory,  is  about  20  miles  from  Vinita. 

Liglit  Street,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  3  miles  above  Bloomsburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  io.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Lights'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  Leaf  River 
township,  8  miles  W.  of  Byron  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Wales  Post-Office. 

Light'wood  Creek)  a  township  of  Lexington  oo., 
S.C.     Pop.  28. 

Ligitan,  or  Leegetan,  lee^ghe-tin',  a  group  of  is- 
lands in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Sooloo  Sea.  Lat.  4* 
19'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  33'  E. 

Lignana,  leen-y&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  3  miles  from  Vercelli.     Pop.  1407. 

Lign6,  leen^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inffr- 
rieure,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2607. 


Lia 


1652 


LIM 


liigniferes,  leenVe-aiB',  a.  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Bourges.  It  was  once  surrounded  with 
walls  and  ditches,  and  defended  by  a  oastle,  in  which 
Charles  VI.  and  Charles  VII.  of  Prance  took  refuge  during 
the  English  ascendency.     Pop.  2693. 

liigniferes-la-Douceile,  leenye-aiR'-li-doo^sSll',  a 
village  of  France,  department  and  25  miles  N.W.of  Mayenne. 

liignol,  leen^ol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
14  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1876. 

Lig'num,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Va.,  7  miles 
from  Brandy  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
planing-mill,  &c. 

Ligny,  leen^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Namur,  celebrated  for  a  combat  between 
the  Prussians  and  French,  June  16,  1815,  two  days  before 
the  action  of  Waterloo. 

liigny^  leen^yee'  (anc.  Lincium  f),  a  town  of  Prance,  in 
Meuse,  on  the  Ornain,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bar-le-Duc.  Pop. 
4128.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  thread  and  fabrics, 
ftnd  a  trade  in  wool  and  timber. 

liigny  le  Chfttel,  leen^yee'  l^h  8h&,H51',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Serein,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Auxerre. 

Ligonier)  lig-o-neer',  a  post- village  of  Noble  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Perry  township,  on  the  Elkhart  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  (Air-Line  division), 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Goshen,  and  16  miles  W.  of  Kendallville. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  fine  sohool' 
house,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  <fec.     P.  (1890)  2195. 

liigonier,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Ligonier  township,  on  Loyalhanna  Creek,  at  the  S.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Ligonier  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  782 :  of  the  township,  2790. 

liigOF)  le-gor'  (Siamese,  Sakor,  si^kor'),  a  town  of  Lower 
Siam,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  8°  17'  N.;  Ion,  100°  10'  E. 
It  has  many  temples  and  pyramids. 

Ligua,  lee'gwS.,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Aoonoagua, 
50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  1549. 

Ligueil,  lee^gul',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Indre-et- Loire, 
25  miles  S.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1431. 

Ligu'ria  (Ital.  pron.  lee-goo'r§-i),  the  smallest  com- 
partimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  comprising  the  prov- 
inces of  Genoa  and  Porto  Maurizio.  It  is  a  mountainous 
region.  Area,  2055  square  miles.  Capital,  Genoa.  Pop. 
843,812.  The  name  Liguria  is  one  of  great  antiquity, 
latterly  restored. 

liignrian  Sea,  Italy.    See  Gulf  of  Genoa. 

Lihons,  lee^iN*',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Somme,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  P^ronne.     Pop.  1222. 

Lika,  lee'kl,  or  Licca,  lik'ki,,  a  river  of  Austrian 
Croatia,  military  frontier,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  30 
miles,  sinks  under  ground  near  Mount  Tuliba.  It  gives 
name  to  a  mountainous  district  in  the  circle  of  Ottochacz, 
having  an  area  of  800  square  miles,  and  containing  the 
towns  of  Gospich  and  Carlopago. 

Likens,  Crawford  co.,  0.     See  Ltkens. 

Likhvin,  liK-vin'  or  liK-veen',  or  Lichwin,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles  S.  of  Kalooga,  on  the 
Oka.     Pop.  2224. 

^  Li-Kiang,  or  Iii-Kiang-Foo«  lee^-ke-lng*-foo',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment.    Lat.  26°  45'  N.;  Ion.  100°  20'  B. 

L*Ile-d'Yeu,  a  town  of  Prance.     See  Islb  Dibc. 

Lilesvilie,  lilz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Anson  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Char- 
lotte.   It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  Lilesville  township,  1715. 

Liletown,  lil'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Green  co.,  Ky., 
24  miles  from  Caverna.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobaooo- 
faotory. 

Lilienfeld,  lee'le-§n-f6lt',  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vienna,  with  a  manufactory  of  arms, 
and  a  rich  Cistercian  abbey. 

Iiil'lard'8  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn^ 
12  miles  E.  of  Hurricane  Station. 

liille,  or  Lisle,  leel  (ano.  In'sula,  or  Ma;  It.  Lilla, 
Iil'14;  Plem.  Ryasel  or  Bijsael,  ris'sfil),  a  strongly  fortified 
and  manufacturing  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  on  the  Deule,  a  canal  connecting  the  Scarpe 
and  Lys  Rivers,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arras,  and  156  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Paris.  Lat  60°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  2'  E. 
Pop.  201,211.  It  is  entered  by  seven  gates,  and  has  a 
strong  citadel,  with  barracks  and  magazines  on  its  N.W. 
iide.  It  is  pretty  well  laid  out,  having  many  straight  and 
wide  streets,  lined  with  substantial  brick  houses,  a  Grande 
Place  of  noble  extent,  and  about  20  other  squares ;  but  its 
^uaners  inhabited  by  the  manufacturing  population  ar« 


narrow,  dirty,  and  unhealthy.  Principal  public  baildings, 
the  town  hall,  or  Hdtel  de  Ville,  the  public  library  and 
museums,  several  Roman  Catholic  churches,  with  fine 
paintings,  the  Protestant  church,  synagogue,  prefecture,  6 
large  hospitals,  extensive  barracks,  the  prisons,  exchange, 
mint,  theatre,  and  concert-hall,-  and  among  its  public 
establishments  are  a  valuable  picture-gallery,  an  academy 
of  music,  and  a  botanic  garden.  The  canal  on  which 
the  town  is  built  has  several  branches  navigable  by  small 
vessels,  and  along  one  part  of  it,  called  the  Middle  Deule, 
is  a  fine  esplanade,  close  to  which  is  a  handsome  bridge. 
Lille  derives  high  importance  from  being  one  of  the  chief 
seats  of  the  French  linen  and  cotton  manufactures.  Cali- 
coes, handkerchiefs,  printed  goods,  table-linen,  fine  linen 
cloths,  thread,  and  ticking  are  its  principal  products;  in 
cotton-spinning  it  also  rivals  some  of  the  towns  of  Lanca- 
shire; and  it  has  considerable  manufactures  of  broadcloths, 
cassimeres,  serges,  and  other  worsted  stufis,  velvets,  lace, 
hats,  paper,  beet-root  sugar,  mineral  acids,  machinery, 
tobacco,  and  gunpowder,  and  an  extensive  coinage  of  gold. 
Its  vicinity  is  studded  with  bleaching-grounds,  rapeseed- 
oil-mills,  and  beet-root  plantations,  the  two  latter  of  which 
are  very  important,  employing  many  hundreds  of  the  in- 
habitants. In  1875  its  new  university  was  opened,  under 
Roman  Catholic  auspices.  The  city  is  the  centre  of  a  plexui 
of  important  railways. 

Lille,  formerly  the  capital  of  French  Flanders,  is  said  to 
owe  its  origin  to  a  castle  called,  from  its  position,  In$ula, 
hence  L'Isle,  easily  changed  to  Lille.  In  1007  Baldwin 
IV.  extended  it,  and  surrounded  it  with  walls  and  ditches. 
From  that  time,  but  not  without  many  vicissitudes,  Lille 
has  continued  to  increase,  passing  through  the  hands  of 
various  masters  till  secured  to  France  by  the  peace  of 
Utrecht  in  1713. 

Lillebonne,  leePbonn'  (JtUioho'na),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  22  miles  E.  of  Havre.  Pop.  4570.  It 
has  a  ruined  castle,  built  by  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
flourishing  cotton -factoriea  and  tanneries.  It  was  the 
ancient  capital  of  the  Caletes. 

Lillehammer,  lil'l^h-h&m^mfr,  a  town  of  Norway, 
amt  and  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Christiania,  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  Lake  Miosen,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Lougen. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a  considerable  trade,  extending  from 
Christiania  to  the  Dovrefield  Mountains.     Pop.  1676. 

Lillers,  lee^yi',  a  town  of  France,  Pas- de-Calais,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  4701.     It  was  formerly  fortified. 

Lilleyville,  lU'lf-vIl,  or  Lil'ley's  Mills,  a  hamlet 
of  Mifflin  CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Painter  Station  (Painters- 
ville).     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  about  20  houses. 

Lillianes,  leel-y&n'  or  lee^y&n',  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  on  the  Esa  or  Lys.     Pop.  874. 

Lil'lington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harnett  oo.,  N.C., 
on  Cape  Fear  River,  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Raleigh. 
Pop.  of  Lillington  township,  699. 

Lillington,  a  village  in  Lincoln  township,  Pender  eo., 
N.C.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Rocky  Point.  It  has  an  academy. 
Here  is  Long  Creek  Post-Office. 

Lillo,  leel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2635. 

Lilloet,  lll'lo-St,  a  post-village  of  British  Columbia,  283 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  Westminster.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  stores.  Gold- 
mining  is  prosecuted  here. 

Lii'loet  (or  Lillooet,  lll'loo-St)  Lake,  British  Co- 
lumbia, is  about  lat.  50°  10'  N.  It  is  nearly  20  miles  long, 
and  is  connected  by  the  Lilloet  River  with  Harrison  Lake, 
which  is  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Lilloet  Lake. 

Lillois-Witterzee,  leeriwi'-^it-t^r-zi',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Brabant,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brussels.     P.  1200. 

Lil'Iy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  oo..  111.,  on  the  India 
napolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of 
Pekin.     It  has  a  church. 

Lilly,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Lilly,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Lilly,  a  station  in  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Cresson. 

Lilly  Chap'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Columbus,  Springfield  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Lilly  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 

Lilly  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Calhoun. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Lilly  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Lilybaeam,  the  ancient  name  of  Marsala. 

Lima,  lee'mi,  a  river  of  Centrt^  Italy,  tributary  to  th« 
Serchio. 


LIM 


1653 


LIM 


liima^  lee'mi  (anc.  Lim'ia),  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal, rises  in  Galicia,  flows  S.W.  for  about  90  miles,  and  enters 
the  Atlantic  at  Viana.     It  is  navigable  only  for  12  miles. 

Ijimay  lee'mi,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Peru,  and  also  of  a 
department  and  province  of  its  own  name,  is  situated  about 
7  miles  from  its  port,  Callao,  on  the  Pacific.  Railways  ex- 
tend to  Callao,  Chancay,  Oroya,  Chorillos,  and  Magdalena. 
Lat.  12°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  77°  6'  W.  It  stands  at  the  foot  of 
granitic  hills,  and  on  both  banks  of  the  Kimac,  which  di- 
vides the  city  into  two  unequal  portions,  connected  by  a 
handsome  stone  bridge  of  six  arches  and  530  feet  in  length, 
which  forms  a  favorite  afternoon  lounge,  at  which  time  the 
mountain-breezes  are  peculiarly  grateful.  The  larger  di- 
vision of  the  town,  on  the  S.  or  left  bank  of  the  river,  was 
formerly  walled,  but  is  now  surrounded  by  boulevards ;  the 
smaller,  or  suburb  of  San  Lazaro,  is  on  the  right  bank,  and 
is  backed  by  hills,  having  only  two  openings  through  them 
for  ingress  and  egress.  Lima  is  nearly  3  miles  in  length 
from  E.  to  AV.,  and  Ij  miles  in  breadth,  having  a  circum- 
ference of  about  10  miles.  The  streets  are  equidistant,  in- 
tersect one  another  at  right  angles,  and  have  an  average 
breadth  of  34  feet.  They  are  in  general  badly  paved,  and 
not  very  clean ;  but  improvements  are  going  on  in  the  more 
central  parts  of  the  city,  where  the  pavements  have  been 
lately  restored  and  footpaths  formed  of  broad  flags ;  those 
lying  E.  and  W.  have  each  a  deep  stream  of  water  running 
down  the  centre.  Its  numerous  domes  and  spires  give  to 
Lima  a  magnificent  appearance  when  viewed  from  a  dis- 
tance. The  grand  square,  or  Plaza  Mayor,  together  with 
the  adjoining  streets,  Mantas,  Bodegones,  and  Mercaderes, 
is  the  central  point  of  its  life  and  business.  This  fine 
square  is  a  regular  quadrangle,  each  side  of  which  is  510 
feet  long,  having  in  the  centre  a  magnificent  bronze  foun- 
tain with  three  basins;  two  sides  are  occupied  by  the  Por- 
tales  or  Piazzas,  the  most  attractive  places  in  Lima  for  a 
stranger.  On  the  N.  side  of  the  square  stand  the  palace 
and  offices  of  the  government,  on  the  E.  the  archbishop's 
palace  and  the  cathedral,  and  on  the  W.  the  senate-house 
and  the  town  hall.  The  next  public  square  in  respect  of 
size  is  the  Square  of  Independence,  in  which  stand  the  hall 
of  the  Congress,  the  jail,  and  the  former  palace  of  the  In- 
quisition. Among  the  numerous  churches  and  convents,  a 
few  only  are  deserving  particular  notice;  of  these  the  cathe- 
dral is  the  most  remarkable.  It  is  richly  decorated  within. 
The  convent  of  San  Francisco  is  the  largest  monastic  estab- 
lishment in  Lima,  occupying  nearly  7  acres  of  ground ;  it 
is  an  elegant  structure.  Besides  the  cathedral,  Lima  con- 
tains many  parish  churches,  and  22  chapels.  The  monas- 
teries and  convents,  at  one  time  very  numerous,  have  to  a 
great  extent  been  suppressed.  The  university,  once  the 
most  important,  as  it  was  the  first  established,  seat  of  edu- 
cation of  the  kind  in  the  New  World,  has  connected  with  it 
a  national  library  of  about  20,000  volumes,  and  the  museum, 
in  which  are  collections  of  Peruvian  antiquities  and  objects 
of  natural  history.  There  are  also  a  college  of  advocates,  a 
college  of  pharmacy,  with  a  botanic  garden  attached,  a  col- 
lege of  medicine  and  anatomy,  4  Latin  schools,  and  about  40 
primary  schools.  There  are  likewise  a  number  of  well-con- 
ducted hospitals  and  a  penitentiary.  The  places  of  public 
amusement  are  3  alamedas  or  promenades, — the  Vieja  or  Old 
Alameda,  the  Alameda  de  Aoho,  on  the  banks  of  the  Rimac, 
containing  the  bull-ring,  capable  of  accommodating  from 
10,000  to  12,000  spectators,  and  the  Portada  del  Callao,— 2 
theatres,  an  amphitheatre  for  cock-fights,  and  an  exhibition- 
palace,  with  zoological  gardens. 

Lima  has  manufactories  of  gold  lace  and  fringes,  glass, 
cotton,  chocolate,  paper,  &c. ;  but  nearly  all  the  goods  sold 
and  consumed  in  the  country  are  foreign.  Mechanical  em- 
ployments are  numerous,  but  all  are  in  a  rude  state.  It 
was  long  the  grand  commercial  entrepdt  for  all  the  W. 
coast  of  South  America,  and  it  still  has  a  large  trade  through 
its  port  Callao.  Its  exports  consist  of  silver,  copper  ore, 
bark,  soap,  vicuna  wool,  chinchilla  skins,  nitre,  sugar,  i&c. ; 
its  imports,  of  manufactured  goods  from  England,  wines, 
silks,  and  brandy  from  Spain  and  France,  and  other  pro- 
duce chiefly  from  the  American  continent. 

The  climate  is  very  agreeable.  The  range  of  the  ther- 
mometer throughout  the  year  is  from  73°  to  75°  in  winter 
and  86°  to  87°  in  summer.  From  April  to  October  a  heavy 
and  sometimes  chilly  mist  overhangs  the  city  in  the  morn- 
ings and  evenings.  Rain,  even  in  partial  showers,  is  of 
exceedingly  rare  occurrence;  thunder  and  lightning  are 
unknown.  Lima  is  somewhat  subject  to  earthquakes.  The 
most  destructive  on  record  occurred  in  October,  1746,  when 
many  houses  and  public  buildings  were  destroyed. 

Lima  was  founded  by  Pizarro  in  1535,  and  called  Ciudad 
de  los  Reyes,  in  commemoration  of  the  festival  day  of  the 


kings,  on  which  the  site  was  chosen.  From  that  time  Lim» 
became  the  capital  of  Peru  and  the  seat  of  the  vioeroyai. 

Pop.  in  1876,  100,073;  in  1891,  103,956. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  LiHEMiAN,  le-mdn'e-an  (Sp.  Limeno,  le-mdn'yo). 

liima^  the  metropolitan  department  and  province  of 
Peru,  the  former  extending  from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific 
to  the  Andes.  Its  principal  streams  are  the  Rimao,  the 
Chancay,  the  Maria,  and  the  Rio  Qrande.  It  is  subdivided 
into  7  provinces.  Chief  towns,  Lima,  the  capital,  Callao, 
Chancay,  Huaura,  and  Ifa.  Pop.  of  the  department  in 
1876,  226,992, 

Li'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ark.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Pocahontas.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lima^  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Lima  town- 
ship, 18  miles  N.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  285. 
The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Mississippi.     Pop,  1462. 

Lima)  a  township  of  Carroll  co.^  111.     Pop.  531. 

liima^  a  post-village  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lima 
township,  on  Pigeon  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc 
Indiana  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  La  Grange,  and  about  30 
miles  E.  of  Elkhart.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  4  churches.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  fur- 
niture, ploughs,  pumps,  and  iron  castings.  Pop.  419 ;  of 
the  township,  1371. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Westfield 
township,  on  the  Volga  River,  4^  miles  N.E.  of  Fayette, 
and  on  the  Turkey  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Clinton  &. 
Dubuque  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Turkey  River 
Junction,  and  138  miles  by  rail  from  Clinton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lima,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Independence. 

Lima,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lima  township,  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  991. 

Lima,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Mo. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lima 
township,  18  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  4  brick 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Genesee  Wes- 
leyan  Seminary.  Pop.  in  1890,  1003.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Honeoye  Creek.     Pop.  2438. 

Lima,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ot- 
tawa River,  71  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  71  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Toledo,  and  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  is 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  and  it  is  also  on 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad.  It  contains  9  churches, 
2  fine  union  school-houses  which  cost  $75,000,  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  3  fine 
hotels,  several  steam  mills,  and  repair-shops  of  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  steam-en- 
gines, furniture,  railroad-cars,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1870,  4500 ;  in 
1880,  7567;  in  1890,  15,981. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1642.  It 
contains  Columbia  Centre  and  Pataskala. 

Lima,  or  North  Lima,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0., 
in  Beaver  township,  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and 
5  miles  N.  of  Columbiana  Station.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  North  Lima.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Middle- 
town  township,  li  miles  from  Glen  Riddle  Station,  and 
about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Chester.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lima,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1020. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  447. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Rook  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1136.  x* 
contains  Lima  Centre. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.     Pop.  2190. 

Limacapan,  le-m&-k&-p&n',  a  small  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  N.E.  of  Palawan.  Lat.  11°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  120°  E. 

Lima  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Lima  township,  Rock 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon- 
factory. 

Limache  Alto,  le-m&'ch&  &l'to,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Valparaiso.  Pop.  2239 ;  of 
the  neighboring  town  of  Limachito,  2254. 

Limagne,  lee'm&n',  an  old  subdivision  of  France,  Au> 
vergne,  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dflme. 

Limal,  lee^m&l',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on 
the  Dyle,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1080. 

Limalongcs,  lee^m&M6Nzh',  a  village  of  France,  ib 
Deux-SSvres,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Melle,     Pop.  1656. 

Liman  Pasha,  an  island  of  Turkey.    See  Alonia. 

Limari,  Ie-m&-ree',  a  river  of  Chili,  province  of  Co- 


LIM 


1654 


LIM 


quimbo,  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Co- 
quimbo,  after  a  W.  course  of  100  miles. 

liimasol)  lee^mi-sol'  (anc.  Nemo'siaf),  a  seaport  town 
of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  on  its  S.  coast,  38  miles  S.W.  of 
Larnioa.  It  is  full  of  ruins  and  rubbish,  but  has  a  good 
harbor  and  a  trade  in  wine.  Old  Limasol  (ano.  Amathug) 
stood  a  little  N.E.,  but  no  traces  of  it  are  left. 

Limatola,  le-mi-to'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Vol- 
turno,  province  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  2006. 

Li'maville,  a  post- village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Lexington 
township,  on  Deer  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleveland  i,  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  52  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
pottery  for  stone-ware,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  204. 

liimay,  lee^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on 
the  Seine,  3  miles  E.N.B.  of  Mantes.     Pop.  1304. 

Limbach,  lim'blK,  a  village  of  Saxony,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Chemnitz.     It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery.     Pop.  6379. 

liimbasha^  or  Limbascha,  Russia.    See  Lemsal. 

liimberg}  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Laubendoef. 

Limbiate,  lim-be-i'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2986. 

liimbourg,  liir^booK',  or  Lim'burg  (Flemish  pron. 
lim'buBH),  a  province  of  Belgium,  having  N.  and  E.  Dutch 
Limburg,  and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Brabant, 
Antwerp,  and  Liege.  Area,  931  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1890,  224,604.  Surface  level.  The  Mouse  forms  its  E. 
boundary.  The  rearing  of  various  live-stock  forms  a  prin- 
cipal branch  of  industry.  Iron,  calamine,  coal,  and  turf 
are  the  chief  mineral  products.  The  manufactures  com- 
prise woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  leather,  tobacco,  Ac.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Hasselt,  Saint-Trond,  and  Tongres. 

liimbourg)  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  16  miles 
E.  of  Liege,  on  the  railway  to  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  1050. 

Lim'burg,  or  Limbourg  (Fr.  pron.  l&M^booR' ;  Dutch 
pron.  lim'buuH),  an  old  province  of  Europe,  divided  between 
Belgium  and  the  Netherlands  in  1839,  and  now  constituting 
the  Belgian  province  of  Limbouko  and  the  Dutch  province 
of  Limburg  (which  see). 

Limburg,  or  Limbourg,  a  province  of  the  Nether- 
lands, having  E.  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  on  other  sides  the 
provinces  of  North  Brabant,  Liege,  and  Belgian  Limbourg. 
Area,  856  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  257,144.  Surface 
level,  consisting  of  the  valley  of  the  Meuse  (or  Maas)  where 
it  receives  the  Ruhr ;  in  the  N.  is  a  part  of  an  extensive 
marsh,  the  Peel.  The  products  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
Belgian  province  of  Limbourg.  Principal  towns,  Maes- 
tricht  and  Roermond. 

Limburg,  lim'bSSRO,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Ems,  at 
a  railway  junction,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop. 
5157.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  ducal  palace, 
a  Catholic  seminary,  and  a  hospital.  The  Limburg  Chronicle 
is  one  of  the  oldest  sources  of  German  history. 

Limburg,  or  Hohen-Limburg,  ho'^n-lim'bSdRO,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  5  miles  E.  of  Hagen,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Leine.  Pop.  4910.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  linen,  cutlery,  and  wire. 

Lime,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  565. 

Lime  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Qa. 

Lime  City,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  a  few  miles 
S.  of  Toledo. 

Lime  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Winnebago  co.  and  runs 
southward  into  Hancock  co.  Flowing  southeastward  through 
•Cerro  Gordo  co.,  it  passes  Mason  City  and  enters  the  Shell 
Rock  River  at  Rockford.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Lime  Creek,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  462. 

Lime  Creek,  township,  Washington  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1383. 

Limedale,  Indiana.    See  Greencastle  Junction. 

Lime  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  42 
•miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Lime'house,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  Thames,  forming  a  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  3  miles  E. 
of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  29,919. 

Lime'house,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  32i  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  lime-kilns,  and  3  stores. 

Lime  Kiln,  llm  kll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of 
Saltimore.     It  has  manufactures  of  lime  and  barrels. 

Limekiln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  7 
^miles  E.  of  Reading. 

Limekilns,  llm'kilz,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  S.  of  Dunfermline.  Pop. 
758.     From  the  harbor  lime  is  exported. 

Lime  Lake,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.   P.  140. 


Lime  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  is  at 
Machias  Station  on  the  Rochester  &,  State  Line  Railroad 
whore  it  crosses  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Machias  village,  and  26  miles  N.  of 
Olean.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Limeuian,  or  Limeiko,  Peru.    See  Lima. 

Lime  Point,  Marin  co.,  California,  is  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Golden  Gate.  The  narrowest  part  of  this  channel  la 
between  Lime  Point  and  Fort  Point,  both  fortified. 

Lime'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Allentown.     It  has  manufactures  of  lime  and  flour. 

Limeray,  lee^m^h-ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre- 
et-Loire,  on  the  Orleans  A  Tours  Railway,  4  miles  N.E.  o*" 
Amboise.     Pop.  1163. 

Lim'erick,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
having  N.  the  Shannon,  separating  it  from  the  county  of 
Clare.  Area,  1064  square  miles.  The  surface  in  the  centre 
and  N.  is  mostly  flat,  and  the  soil  remarkably  fertile,  espe- 
cially on  the  Shannon  and  in  the  "  Golden  Vale,"  or  E.  part 
of  the  plain  of  Limerick.  Principal  rivers,  the  Shannon, 
Mulkern,  Maig,  and  Deel.  Tillage  is  increasing,  and  much 
bog  and  mountain-land  has  been  reclaimed.  Chief  exports, 
butter,  corn,  and  cider.  It  sends  four  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons, — two  for  the  county,  and  two  for  Limerick,  it* 
only  important  town.     Pop.  (1891)  158,663. 

Limerick,  a  city  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above  county, 
and  a  county  of  itself,  is  situated  in  an  extensive  plain  at 
the  interior  extremity  of  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  lat 
52°  39'  36"  N.,  Ion.  8°  39'  W.,  106  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dub- 
lin. Railways  connect  it  with  every  quarter  of  the  king- 
dom. It  consists  of  three  portions,  distinguished  by  the 
names,  respectively,  of  English-town,  Irish-town,  and  New- 
town-Perry. The  first,  and  oldest,  occupies  the  S.  end  of  the 
King's  Island,  a  tract  formed  by  the  Shannon,  here  divided 
into  two  streams  ;  the  other  two  stand  on  either  side  of  the 
river.  The  different  parts  of  the  city  are  connected  by 
bridges.  In  English-town  the  houses  are  chiefly  built  in 
the  Flemish  fashion.  Irish-town  is  also  old,  but  here  the 
streets  are  wider  and  the  houses  generally  more  modem 
than  in  the  former.  Newtown-Perry,  which  is  of  com- 
paratively modem  date,  occupies  elevated  ground,  parallel 
with  the  course  of  the  river,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  modern 
towns  in  Ireland.  It  contains  a  handsome  square;  its 
streets  are  spacious,  intersect  one  another  at  right  angles, 
and  are  lined  by  elegant  houses,  shops,  and  merchants' 
stores.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  court-houses  and 
prisons,  custom-house,  the  two  cathedrals,  chamber  of  com- 
merce, exchange,  assembly-house,  linen-hall,  corn-  and  but- 
ter-markets, hospitals,  and  barracks.  Limerick  is  the  see 
of  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops.  The  manufacture 
of  linen  is  now  nearly  extinct,  and  that  of  gloves  has  been 
supplanted  by  those  of  lace  and  fish-hooks,  both  of  which 
are  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent.  There  are,  besides, 
distilleries,  breweries,  tanneries,  foundries,  flour-mills,  and 
ship-building  slips.  Limerick  is  the  leading  port  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland  for  the  shipment  of  raw  produce.  The 
harbor  extends  about  1600  yards  in  length  and  150  in 
breadth,  with  from  2  to  9  feet  at  low  water,  and  19  feet  at 
spring-tides,  which  latter  enables  vessels  of  600  tons  to 
moor  at  the  quays.  The  commerce  of  the  port  is  consider- 
able. Limerick  was  a  royal  seat  of  the  kings  of  Thomond, 
before  the  conquest.  It  capitulated  to  the  troops  of  Wil- 
liam III.  in  1691.  It  gives  the  title  of  Earl  to  the  Perry 
family,  whose  mansion  is  in  the  city.     Pop.  (1891)  37,072. 

Lim'erick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  in  Dover 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  church. 

Limerick,  a  post- village  of  York  co.,  Me.,  in  Limerick 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  water- 
power,  and  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  carriages.    Pop.  of  township,  1425. 

Limerick,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  or 
near  Perch  River,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  and  Og- 
densburg  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Limerick,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Limerick  township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Norristown,  and  29 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  about  300.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  traversed 
by  the  Reading  Railroad.  It  contains  another  village, 
named  Limerick  Station.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2600. 

Limerick  Station,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  in  Limerick  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Norristown.     It  has  a  soap-factory  and  about  50  houses. 

Lime  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 


LIM 


1655 


LIM 


Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime 
and  cement. 

Ijime  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sauk  oo.,  Wis.,  about 
54  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Ijimerle,  le-m4r'l§h  or  lee^mSRl',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Luxembourg,  on  the  Ourthe,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Houffalize. 
Lime  Rock,  a  post- village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Salisbury  township,  on  Salmon  Creek,  about  45  miles  W.N.W. 
cf  Hartford,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Housatonio  Railroad 
(Lime  Rock  Station).  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Rooky 
Dell  Institute,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  blast-furnace.  Hard- 
ware and  car-wheels  are  made  here. 

Lime  Rock,  a  station  in  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  <fc  State  Line  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Roy. 

Lime  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  8 
or  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church  and 
limestone-quarries,  producing  excellent  lime.     Pop.  145. 

Lime  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  in  Os- 
borne township,  2  miles  S.  of  Seymour  Station,  which  is 
17  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Lime  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Forest  City  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Cresco.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  rolling-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  windmills,  pumps,  harness,  &c.    Pop.  in  1890,  550. 

Lime'stone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  596  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
road and  the  Louisville  &  NEtshville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Athens.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,017;  in  1880,  21,600;  in  1890, 
21,201. 

Limestone,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Navasota  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies,  and  has  an  abundance  of  lime- 
stone, as  its  name  indicates.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hous- 
ton &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Groesbeck.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8591;  in  1880,  16,246;  in  1890,  21,678. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  111.    P.  840. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.  Pop.  2302. 
It  is  contiguous  to  Peoria. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
488.     It  contains  Esbon. 

Limestone,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me., 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Houlton.  It  contains  2  saw-mills  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  263. 

Limestone,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
CarroUton  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  12 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salamanca.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofSce,  a  bank,  a  large  tannery,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pe- 
troleum is  found  here.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.     P.  688. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.     P.  709. 

Limestone,  or  Green'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clarion 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Limestone  township,  alsout  32  miles  S.E.  of  Oil 
City.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Limestone.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1375. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1256,  exclusive  of  Williamsport. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  710. 
It  contains  Limestoneville. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  880, 
exclusive  of  Mifflinburg. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  848. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
2463.     It  contains  Limestone  Springs  and  GaflFney's. 

Limestone,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  an  academy,  3  churches, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Limestone,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Limestone  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 

Limestone  Creek,  Kansas^  rises  in  Jewell  co.,  runs 
nearly  southward,  and  enters  the  Solomon  River  about  12 
miles  above  Beloit. 

Limestone  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  in  the  Choctaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex. 


Limestone  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wood  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Limestone  Ridge,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  8.  of  Buffalo. 

Limestone  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg 
CO.,  S.C.^  1  mile  from  Gaffney's  Station,  and  about  90  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Columbia.     Here  are  mineral  springe. 

Limestone  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  S.  of  Greeneville. 

Limestone  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark 

Limestoneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montour  co..  Pa., 
in  Limestone  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 

Lime  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind. 

Limeuil,  le-mul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Dordogne.     Pop.  817. 

Lime  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Lancaster  to  Quarryville,  10  miles  S.E 
of  Lancaster. 

Lime  Works,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Limia,  a  city  of  Peru.     See  Lima. 

Lim'ington,  a  post-village  in  Limington  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portland.  It 
contains  2  churches  and  an  academy.  The  township  la 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Saco  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1630. 

Limmat,  lim'm&t,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of 
Zurich  and  Aargau,  leaves  the  Lake  of  Zurich  at  its  N. 
extremity,  and,  after  a  rapid  N.W.  course  of  18  miles,  joins 
the  Aar  2  miles  E.  of  Brugg. 

Limni,  or  Limnos.    See  Staliuki. 

Limoeiro,  le-mo'&-e-ro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Pernambuco.    Pop.  of  the  district,  10,000, 

Limoges,  lee^mozh'  (anc.  Augustoritum  Ltmovicum,  or 
Lemovices),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Haute- Vienne, 
crowning  the  top  and  occupying  the  acclivity  of  a  hill 
washed  by  the  Vienne,  here  crossed  by  three  bridges,  88 
miles  W.  of  Clermont.  Almost  all  the  houses  are  of  wood, 
at  least  above  the  first  story ;  and  the  streets  are  irregular, 
narrow,  and  tortuous.  The  old  walls  and  towers  which 
formerly  surrounded  the  town  have  been  thrown  down 
and  their  sites  convert-ed  into  fine  shady  boulevards.  The 
most  remarkable  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  commenced  in 
1272  and  not  completed  till  1515,  the  church  of  St.  Michel 
des  Lions,  a  Gothic  edifice,  and  the  church  of  St.  Pierre  du 
Queyroy.  The  city  has  a  bishop's  palace,  built  of  granite, 
the  finest  modern  edifice  of  the  town,  a  public  library 
containing  22,000  volumes,  a  theatre,  cavalry  barracks, 
several  hospitals,  extensive  manufactures  of  porcelain, 
worsted,  broadcloth,  cassimeres,  druggets,  woollen  covers, 
flannels,  napkins,  tapers,  glue,  paper,  gloves,  Ac,  numerous 
printing-presses,  and  an  extensive  book-trade.  It  has  also 
a  considerable  trade  in  chestnuts,  wine,  brandy,  liqueurs, 
salt,  iron,  brass,  enamel,  kaolin,  &c.  Limoges  is  an  entre- 
p8t  for  the  trade  of  Toulouse,  and  generally  of  the  S.  de- 
partments of  France.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  the 
seat  of  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  of  a  consulting 
chamber  of  commerce,  a  lyc€e  or  college,  an  academy,  and 
societies  of  agriculture,  sciences,  and  arts.  Limoges  was 
originally  the  capital  of  the  Gallic  tribe  of  Lemovices 
Under  the  Romans  it  was  adorned  with  a  capitol,  an  am 
phitheatre,  fine  temples,  and  palaces.  From  the  Romans  it 
passed  to  the  Visigoths.  In  1370  it  was  besieged  and  taken 
by  the  Black  Prince.  Limoges  is  the  birthplace  of  Pope 
Clement  V.,  the  Chancellor  d'Aguesseau,  Marshal  Jourdain, 
and  Dupuytren.     Pop.  in  1881,  69,338;  in  1891,  72,697. 

Limon,  or  Puerto  Limon,  pwSn'to  Iee-m6n',  often 
called  Port  Limon',  a  seaport  town  of  Costa  Rica,  on  the 
E.  coast.  Lat.  10°  N.;  Ion.  83°  2'  W.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor, and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Costa  Rica  Railway.  It 
is  surrounded  by  dense  forests,  and  exports  coffee,  rubber, 
skins,  and  sarsaparilla.     Pop.  1200. 

Limo'na,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla. 

Limone,  le-mo'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Coni.     Pop.  3249. 
Lim'onite,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 

Limonnm,  an  ancient  name  of  Poitiers. 
Limosani,  le-mo-s&'nee,  or  Limosano,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Campobasso.    P.  2627. 
Limonrs,  lee^mooR',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Seine 
et-Oise,  22  miles  E.  of  Rambouillet,     Pop.  1211. 

Limousin,  lee^moo^z&No',  written  also  Limosin,  an 
old  province  of  Central  France,  now  forming  the  depart- 
ment of  CorrSze  and  part  of  Haute- Vienne. 

Limoux,  lee^moo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  on  the 
river  Aude,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Carcassonne.  Pop. 
6037.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  important  manufae- 
tures  of  fine  broadcloths,  hosiery,  soap,  wine,  hats,  and  yara* 
a  marble-quarry,  tanneries,  and  oil-mills. 


LIM 


1656 


LIN 


Ijimpo'po,  or  Croc'odile  River,  an  important  river 
of  Africa,  forming  lor  luany  miles  the  N.W.  and  N.  limit  of 
the  South  African  Republic  (Transvaal),  in  which  district 
it  rises.  It  flows  in  a  somewhat  semicircular  course,  reach- 
ing the  Indian  Ocean  in  lat.  25«»  15'  N.,  Ion.  33°  42'  E. 
It  has  a  bad  bar  at  its  mouth,  but  vessels  of  200  tons  can 
navigate  it  for  60  miles. 

Lin,  leen,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Nan,  30  miles 
W.  of  Ghang-Te. 

Lin- An,  leen-in',  is  the  name  of  the  capitals  of  districts 
in  the  provinces  of  Che-Kiang  and  Yun-Nan,  China. 

Linares,  le-n4'rfa,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaen,  in  a  fertile  plain,  near  the  Guarrezas. 
Pop.  10,567.  It  has  several  convents  and  some  Roman  an- 
tiquities, including  a  ruined  aqueduct,  also  mines  of  copper. 

Linares,  Iee-n4'r5s,  a  province  of  Chili,  lying  between 
the  province  of  Maule  and  the  Andes.  Area,  3476  square 
miles.     Capital,  Linares.     Pop.  118,761. 

Linares,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Linares,  10  miles  S.B.  of  Talca.     Pop.  6447. 

Linares,  or  San  Felipe  de  Linares,  s4n  f4-lee'p4 
d4  lee-n4'r&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  55 
miles  S.E.  of  Monterey.  It  gives  name  to  a  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  6000. 

Linciiim,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lignt. 

Lincklaen,  or  Lmklaen,  link'lan,  a  post-office  of 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lincklaen  township,  about  32  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  Here  is  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
855.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lincklaen  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  S.  of  De  Ruyter.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Lincoln,  link'^n,  or  Lincolnshire,  link'pn-shjr,  a 
county  of  England,  extending  along  its  E.  coast  from  the 
Wash  to  the  Humber,  which  separates  it  from  Yorksshire. 
Area,  2776  square  miles.  It  is  naturally  divided  into  3  dis- 
tricts :  1.  Lindsey,  or  the  wolds,  a  low  range  of  hills  in  the 
N.E. ;  2.  Kesteven,  or  the  moora,  a  lower  division,  running 
N.  and  S.,  and  now  mostly  cultivated ;  3.  Holland,  or  the 
fens,  in  the  S.  and  E.,  a  low  tract,  protected  from  the  sea 
by  embankments.  Chief  rivers,  the  Trent,  Welland,  Witham, 
and  Ancholme.  Soil  mostly  a  fertile  sandy  loam  on  the 
moors  and  wolds ;  in  the  fens,  deep  loam,  rich  marly  clay, 
or  peat.  Improvements  in  agriculture  have  rendered  this 
one  of  the  most  productive  English  counties.  The  cattle, 
mostly  short-horned,  attain  a  great  weight.  The  sheep  are 
also  famous  for  size  and  for  long  wool.  Many  horses  are 
bred ;  the  waste  fens  support  vast  flocks  of  geese,  and  the 
waters  are  the  resort  of  wild  ducks.  The  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  many  lines  of  railway  and  canal.  It  returns  four- 
teen members  to  Parliament,  including  eight  from  the 
boroughs.  Lincolnshire  is  famous  for  the  number  and 
beauty  of  its  ancient  parish  churches.  Capital,  Lincoln. 
Pop.  in  1881,  436,599;  in  1891,  472,778. 

Lincoln  (anc.  Lin'dum),  a  city  and  county  of  England, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  Witham,  47  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Derby.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  district,  at  the  foot  and 
on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  its  cathedral,  castle,  Ac., 
and  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  The  streets  are 
irregular,  but  the  town  is  generally  well  built,  paved,  and 
lighted.  Lincoln  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  The  superb  cathe- 
dral was  erected  between  the  twelfth  and  fifteenth  centuries, 
in  a  mixed  but  uncommonly  beautiful  style  of  English 
architecture,  and  the  exterior  is  generally  considered  the 
finest  in  the  kingdom,  while  the  vast  interior  is  only  sur- 
passed by  that  of  York.  Several  of  the  parish  churches  are 
interesting,  and  the  city  abounds  in  ancient  remains,  in- 
cluding the  stately  castle  built  by  William  the  Conqueror, 
traces  of  the  old  town  walls,  a  gateway,  perhaps  the  most 
perfect  relic  of  Roman  architecture  in  the  country,  a  beau- 
tiful conduit,  the  palace  of  John  of  Gaunt,  and  many  other 
antique  houses.  Other  principal  buildings  are  the  county 
hall  and  jail,  the  ancient  guild  hall,  a  sessions-house,  city 
jail  and  house  of  correction,  grammar-school  founded  in 
1583,  blue-coat  school,  county  lunatic  asylum,  county  hos- 

f>ital,  union  workhouse,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  several 
ibraries,  mechanics'  institution,  and  market-house.  It  has 
<».1bo  several  newspapers,  a  banking  company,  and  branch 
bank,  excellent  breweries,  and  large  exports  of  flour.  After 
the  departure  of  the  Romans  Lincoln  became  the  capital  of 
the  Saxon  kingdom  of  Mercia,  and  suffered  much  during 
the  struggles  between  the  Saxons  nnd  the  Danes.  The  city 
sends  two  members  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  41,491. 

Lincoln,  link'^n,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  536  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Bayou  Bartholomew.     The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  cot- 


ton and  Indian  corn.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Star  City.  Pop. 
in  1880,  9255;  in  1890,  10,255. 

Lincoln,  a  county  of  Georgia,  bordering  on  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  309  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Savanna  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Little 
River.  The  Broad  River  also  touches  its  N.  extremity. 
The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  A  small 
quantity  of  gold  is  found  in  this  county,  which  has  also 
abundance  of  granite.  Capital,  Lincolnton,  on  Soap  Creek, 
and  5  miles  from  the  Savannah  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  5413 ; 
in  1880,  6412;  in  1890,  6146. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Saline 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Spillman  Creek.  The  surface  is 
generally  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  it  (about  99  per  cent.)  is  prairie.  The  staple  products 
are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass.  Magnesian  limestone 
crops  out  in  this  county.  Capital,  Lincoln.  Pop.  in  1870, 
516 ;_  in  1875,  2493  ;  in  1880,  8532  ;  in  1890,  9709. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  328  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Dick's  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  Green 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  is  found  here  next  to  the  surface. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the 
Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  and  by  the  Queen  <k 
Crescent  Route.  Capital,  Stanford.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,947; 
in  1880,  15,080;  in  1890,  15,962. 

Lincoln,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  of  Louisiana,  drained 
by  Bayou  d'Arbonne  and  some  of  the  head-streams  of 
Dugdemona  River  and  of  Saline  Bayou.  Area,  485  square 
miles.  It  is  well  wooded  and  generally  fertile.  Capital, 
Ruston.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,075;  in  1890,  14,753. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maine,  borders  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  by  the  inlets  or  bays  of  which  it  is 
deeply  indented.  Area,  about  520  square  miles.  It  ia 
partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Kennebec  River,  and  ia 
intersected  by  the  Sheepscott  and  Damariscotta  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  cattle,  lumber,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  several  good 
harbors  and  great  facilities  for  commerce  and  the  fisheries. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Branch  of  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Wiscasset.  Pop.  in 
1870,  25,597;  in  1880,  24,821;  in  1890,  21,996. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota,  bor- 
dering on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square 
miles.  It  contains  several  lakes.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Lake 
Benton.     Pop.  in  1875,  413;  in  1880,  2945;  in  1890,  5691. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Homochitto  and  Bogue  Chitto  Rivers,  which  rise  within  it. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  beech,  magnolia,  oak, 
pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Brookhaven.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,184;  in  1880,  1.3^547;  in  1890,  17,912. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  598  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Cuivre 
or  Copper  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  pork, 
and  tobacco  arc  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies 
a  part  of  the  surface.  Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,960 ; 
in  1880,  17,426;  in  1890,  18,346. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  2580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Platte  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Republican  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  The  prairies  produce 
natural  pasture.  Capital,  North  Platte.  Pop.  in  1870, 17; 
in  1876,  1327 ;  in  1880,  3632;  in  1890,  10,441. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nevada,  borders 
on  Arizona  and  California.  Area,  17,680  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  com- 
prises part  of  the  Great  Basin,  an  arid  and  sterile  table- 
land in  which  timber  and  water  are  very  scarce.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  barley  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil, 
which,  however,  is  mostly  uncultivated.  It  has  rich  mines 
of  silver.  Capital,  Pioche.  Pop.  in  1870,  2985 ;  in  1880^ 
2637;  in  1890,2466. 


LIN 


1657 


LIN 


liincolli)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Mexico. 
Area,  26,462  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio 
Pecos.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly  a 
high  table-land.  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it 
fertile.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  are  cultivated  here.  Or- 
ganized in  1869.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Lincoln.  Pop.  in  1870,  1803 ; 
in  1880,  2513;  in  1890,  7081. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  312  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  (or  Little)  Catawba  River.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  hickory, 
oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  iron  ore  have 
been  opened  in  this  county.  Capital,  Lincolnton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9573  J  in  1880,  11,061;  in  1890,  12,586. 

liiucoltt)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
borders  on  Iowa.  Area,  about  540  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Big  Sioux  River.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  grass,  &c.,  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Canton.  Pop.  in  1870,  712 ; 
in  1880,  5896;  in  1890,  9143. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Elk  River  (which  runs  westward),  and  is  also  drained 
by  Flint  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  black 
walnut,  cherry,  locust,  oak,  and  poplar  or  tulip-tree  abound 
here.  The  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad 
connects  with  Fayetteville,  which  is  the  capital  of  this 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,050 ;  in  1880,  26,960 ;  in  1890, 
27,382. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S,W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Guyandotte  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests.  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  The  rocks  which 
underlie  this  county  are  carboniferous.  Capital,  Hamlin. 
Pop.  in  1S70,  5053;  in  1880,  8739;  in  1890,  11,246. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  700  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Wisconsin 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Pelican  and  Tomahawk 
Rivers.  It  contains  many  lakes,  and  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  ash,  elm,  maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  <fc  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Railroads.  Cap- 
ital, Merrill.     Pop.  in  1880,  2011 ;  in  1890,  12,008. 

Lincoln,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Niagara  River, 
Capital,  St.  Catharines.     Pop.  20,672. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Anniston,  and  45  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bir- 
mingham.    It  has  oil-mills  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co,,  Cal.,  on  the  Oregon 
division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Sacramento.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  manufactory 
of  sewer-pipes.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1890, 
961. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  349. 

Lincoln,  or  Lincoln  City,  a  mining  post-village  of 
Summit  co..  Col,,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Fair  Play.  It  has 
some  smelting-works.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  76  miles  S.of  Wilmington. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  brick-yard,  a  planing-mill,  a  canning- 
factory,  &c.     Pop  in  1890,  318. 

Lincoln,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  III.,  is 
Bituated  near  Salt  Creek,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  also  on  the  Pekin  Branch  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield,  157  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  32  miles  N.W.  of  Decatur.  Here  is  Lincoln 
University  (Cumberland  Presbyterian), which  was  organized 
in  1866.  Lincoln  contains  a  state  institution  for  feeble- 
minded children,  11  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high  school, 
a,  national  bank,  and  2  private  banks,  and  has  manufactures 
of  farm-implements.  One  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Coal  is  mined  here.     P.  (1890)  6725. 

Lincoln,  a  small  post- village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deer 
Creek,  and  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church. 
Lincoln,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1502. 
Lincoln,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Kan- 
kakee River,     Pop,  558.  , 
105 


Lincoln,  a  village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind,,  in  Allen  town- 
ship, on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  15  milea 
N.  of  Peru,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Allen,  and  that  of  its  station  is  Lincoln.   Pop.  about  350. 

Lincoln,  a  hamlet  of  Spencer  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Rockport  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Rockport. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Kankakee  River.     Pop.  1063. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  977. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  470. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  596. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.     P.  569. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     P.  90. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  465. 
It  contains  Manson. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  310. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.     P.  409. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  358. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  363. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  467. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  352. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  123. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  550. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  568. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  962. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  771. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  687. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.     P.  541. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  745. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  712. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co,,  Iowa.    Pop.  85. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  15  mile* 
N.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1103. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  811. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  492. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  992. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  343. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Sioux  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  227. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  292. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  389. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  448. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1107- 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  332. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  635. 
It  contains  Concordia. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Kansas.  It  has 
4  steam  mills,  and  mines  of  coal.  Pop.  1397.  It  contains 
Arcadia. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
347.     It  contains  Solomon  City. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  trarersed 
by  the  Marais  des  Cygnes.     Pop.  369. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Indiana  township,  on  Saline  River,  25  miles  N.  of  Ells- 
worth, and  about  78  miles  W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
in  1880,  422;  in  1890,  1100. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Linn  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1661. 
It  contains  La  Cygne. 

Lincoln,  a  hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  about  60 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  944. 
It  contains  Jacksonville. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     Fop.  304. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.     P.  440.^ 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.    P.  296. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  364. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1109.     Post-offices,  Chepstow  and  Kimeo. 

Lincoln,  a  plantation  of  Oxford  co..  Me.     Pop.  30. 

Lincoln,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and 
on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  45  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  several 
saw-mills,  Ac.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1756. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school 
and  3  churches.  The  Sudbury  River  touches  the  W.  bor- 
der of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  834. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1122. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  700- 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Littlt 


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Sable  River,  2i  miles  from  Ludington,  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  131. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Midland  co,,  Mich.     Pop.  2o9. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  529. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.     P.  495. 

Lincoln,  a  post-ofBce  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  about  22 
miles  N.  of  Rochester. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2680. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  in  White 
township,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  3  stores. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  589. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1100. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.    Pop.  943. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.    Pop.  736. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Douglas  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  209. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  555. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1042. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1057. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  oo.,  Montana,  on 
the  Blackfoot  River,  about  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena. 
It  is  near  the  base  of  high  mountains.  Gold  is  found 
here  in  placer-mines;    Pop.  187. 

Lincoln,  a  city,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Nebraska 
and  of  Lancaster  co.,  is  situated  on  Salt  Creek,  54  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Omaha.  Lat.  about  40°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  96» 
45'  W.  It  is  midway  between  Chicago  and  Denver,  being 
512  miles  from  each.  Lincoln  is  located  in  the  midst  of  a 
net-work  of  railroads,  being  a  centre  of  no  fewer  than 
twelve  distinct  lines.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
undulating  prairies',  and  excellent  building-sites  abound  in 
its  neighborhood.  It  contains  a  state-house  built  at  a 
cost  of  $900,000,  a  state  asylum  for  the  insane  which  cost 
$275,000,  a  penitentiary,  5  national  banks,  4  savings-banks, 
the  state  library  of  20,000  volumes,  40  churches,  2  opera- 
houses,  and  a  high  school  which  cost  about  $40,000.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  Nebraska  State  University  and  Agricultural 
College,  all  departments  of  which  are  open  to  both  sexes, 
the  Nebraska  Wesleyan  University,  the  University  of  the 
Christian  Church,  the  Episcopal  Church  College,  Union 
College,  the  Western  Normal  College,  the  Lincoln  Normal 
University,  and  a  convent  (Roman  Catholic).  All  the 
streets  are  100  feet  wide,  except  the  avenues,  which  are  120 
feet  wide.  Three  daily  and  12  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  In  the  vicinity  of  Lincoln  are  abundant  saline 
springs  and  a  beautiful  salt  lake.  This  place  was  selected 
as  the  seat  of  government  in  1867,  since  which  it  has  in- 
creased rapidly.  The  city  has  a  fine  water-supply,  and 
electric  street-oars  traverse  the  principal  streets.  It  has  a 
thriving  wholesale  trade,  and  many  flourishing  manufacto- 
ries. Pop.  in  1880, 13,003;  in  1890,  55,491.  West  Lincoln, 
a  suburb,  contains  extensive  packing-houses,  and  several 
large  manufacturing  establishments  and  stock-yards. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  contains 
some  of  the  most  attractive  scenery  of  the  Franconia  Moan- 
tain  group,  and  is  much  visited  in  summer.     Pop.  71. 

Lincoln,  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    See  Grebnvillb. 

Lincoln,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  New 
Mexico,  on  tha-Rio  Bonito,  9  miles  E.  of  Fort  Stanton,  and 
about  150  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  by  B.  of  Santa  V6.  It 
is  in  a  fertile  valley. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  17 
miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.O.,  identical 
with  the  village  of  Lincolnton.     Pop.  886. 

Lincoln ,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.    P.  1369. 

Lincoln,  a  post-oflBce  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.    Pop.  916. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  about  7  miles  above  Salem. 

Lincoln,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Bail- 
road,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1399. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.    Pop.  532. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Eph- 
rata  township,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading,  and  1 
mile  from  Ephrata  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cigars,  flour,  and  furniture. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.  Pod. 
11,565.  *^ 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Yankton.     It  has  a  church. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Flintville  Railroad  Station,  and  2  miles  from  the  S. 
boundary  of  the  state.    It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 


Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  S 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wooden-ware. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1255. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  2  mile* 
from  Purcellville  Station.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting,  a 
saw-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Whitman  co.,  Washington, 
95  miles  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  397. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.    Pop.  648. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.   Pop.  1254. 

Lincoln,  a  post-township  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  about 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Oconto,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Lake  Michigan. 
Pop.  937. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  843. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.  Pop.  721.  It 
contains  Lincoln  Centre. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.    P.  745. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Wood  oo..  Wis.    Pop.  425. 

Lincoln  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township, 
Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the  European  <fc  North  American 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Penobscot,  46  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill,  and  is  a  depot  of  lumber. 

Lincoln  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo..  Wis.,  in 
Lincoln  township,  on  Sucker  Lake,  about  33  miles  N.N.E 
of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

Lincoln  City,  Colorado.    See  Lincoln. 

Lincoln  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa. 

Lincoln  Green,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  HI. 

Lincolnia,  or  Linconia,  lin-ko'n^-^  a  post-office  of 
Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Lincoln  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Pequannock  township,  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Mor- 
ris &  Essex  Railroad,  S  miles  W.  of  Paterson. 

Lincoln  Park,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Rochester. 

Lincolnshire,  England.    See  Lincoln. 

Lincolnton,  link'Qn-tgn,  a  post- village,  capital  of 
Lincoln  co.,  Qa.,  about  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta,  and  6 
miles  from  the  Savannah  River.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture.    Pop.  about  500. 

Lincolnton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,N.C., 
on  Little  Catawba  River,  and  on  the  Carolina  Central  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  cotton-factory.    Pop.  1000. 

Lincoln  University,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Oxford  township,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  3  miles  from  Oxford.  Here  is  Lincoln 
University  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in  1856, 
for  the  education  of  colored  men. 

Lincolnville,  Hnk'iln-vn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash 
00.,  Ind.,  in  Lagro  township,  abont  40  miles  S.W.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Lincolnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas, 
about  44  miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Lincolnville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township, 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  about  38  miles  E.  of 
Augusta,  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Penobscot  Bay,  and 
has  manufactures  of  lime  and  leather.  Pop.  of  the  village, 
about  700 ;  of  the  township,  1900. 

Lincolnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Union  &  Titusville  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titus 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Linconia,  Fairfax  co.,  Va.    See  Lincolnia. 

Lind,  a  post-office  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  in  Lind  town- 
ship, 6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Waupaca,  and  about  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Oshkosh.  The  township  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Lin'da,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  401. 

Linda,  a  post-office  of  Gtillia  co.,  0. 

Lindah,  lin'd&,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cutch,  1  mile  from 
Shahpoor. 

Lin'dale,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  4  miles  from 
Goose  Lake. 

Lindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Ohio 
township,  17  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Lindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational &  Great  Northern  Railroad  (Northern  division), 
11  miles  S.  of  Mineola. 

Lindan,  lin'dSw,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria,  25  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Constance,  on  an  island  in  the  Lake  of  Constance, 
united  to  the  mainland  by  a  bridge  300   feet  in  length. 


LIN 


1659 


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Pop.  5124.  It  has  a  oastle,  a  high  school,  and  an  active 
commerce  in  corn,  fruit,  wine,  and  cheese. 

liindan,  a  town  of  Hanover,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Got- 
tingen.     Pop.  1473. 

£inde,  lin'dSh,  or  liindesberg^lin'dds-biRG^a  town 
of  Central  Sweden,  laen  and  20  miles  N.  of  Orebro.  P.  1226. 

liindeU)  lin'd^n,  a  well-built  suburb  of  Hanover,  Prus- 
sia, 1  mile  W.  of  the  city.     Pop.  20,899. 

Ijiiiden,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of 
Nieder-Hessen,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1918. 

liin'den,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala., 
52  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Linden,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Francis  oo.,  Ark.,  32  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Linden,  a  post- village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
lone  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Linden,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  graded  school. 

Linden,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Linden,  a  station  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad, 
20  miles  S.  of  Bowie. 

Linden,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Mai- 
den township,  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 5  or  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  knittin^:- 
faciory  and  a  manufactory  of  drums  and  banjos. 

Linden,  a  post-village  in  Fenton  township,  Genesee 
CO.,  Mich.,  is  on  or  near  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the 
Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  55  miles 
N.W.  of  Detroit,  16  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Flint,  and 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Fenton.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
a  handle-factory,  a  cider-mill,  a  vinegar-factory,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  lumber,  staves, 
and  ploughs.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 

Linden,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     See  Haring. 

Linden,  a  post-township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  about 
24  miles  W.  of  Mankato.    It  contains  several  lakes.    P.  584. 

Linden,  a  post-office  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss. 

Linden,  a  small  village  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Watson  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Linden,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1440. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Kenton. 

Linden,  a  post-village  in  Linden  township.  Union  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  New  York  with  New 
Brunswick,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  17  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York.     It  has  3  churches. 

Linden,  a  post-village  in  Bethany  township,  Genesee 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Brie  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Bufialo.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  2  stores,  a  foundry,  and  40  houses. 

Linden,  a  station  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg &  Connellsville  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Linden,  a  post- village  of  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  1  mile  from  Linden 
Station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  6  miles 
above  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Linden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  Turn., 
about  80  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville,  and  9  miles  E.  of  the 
Tennessee  River.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  500. 

Linden,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
W.  of  Kildare  Railroad  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of 
Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Linden,  formerly  Manassas  Gap,  a  post-village  of 
Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  where 
it  passes  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  8  miles  E.  of  Front  Royal. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Linden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  miles 
from  Charleston.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Linden,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  in  Linden 
township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Mineral  Point,  and  about  50 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores. 
Lead  is  mined  here.    Pop.  in  1890,  462 ;  of  township,  1861. 

Lindenau,  lin'd§h-n6w\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  E.N.E. 
of  Leitmeritz,  with  2000  inhabitants. 

Lindenau,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government 
of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Grottau.     Pop.  1166. 

Lindenau,  a  village  of  Saxony,  3  miles  W.  of  Leipsic. 
Pop.  7484. 

Lin'den  Hall,  a  post-viUage  of  Centre  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Lewisburg,  Centre  «fc  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
miU. 


Lindenstadt,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Leibnitz. 

Lin'denville,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lin'denwald,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton 
&  Dayton  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

Lin'denwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.,  about 
16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rockford.     It  has  a  church. 

Lin'dersville,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Macon. 

Lindesberg,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Linde. 

Lindesnaes,  a  cape  of  Norway.     See  Naze. 

Lindewiese,  lin'deh-^ee^z^h,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nie- 
DER,  nee'd^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  about  20  miles  from  Zuckmantel.  Pop.  of  Ober 
Lindewiese,  1494;  of  Nieder  Lindewiese,  2311. 

Lind  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Morehouse  parish.  La. 

Lindina,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1066. 

Lindisfarne,  England.    See  Holt  Island. 

Lind'ley,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  in  Marion 
township,  on  Medicine  Creek,  15  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and 
about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Lindley,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1519. 

Lindley,  or  Lind'Ieytown,  a  post- village  in  Lindley 
township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tioga  River,  and  on  the 
Corning,  Cowanesque  &  Antrim  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Corning.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  mills  or  factories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1482. 

Lind'ly*s  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lindo,  lin'do  (anc.  Lin'dua;  Gr.  Aivfios),  a  well-built 
village,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  island  of  Rhodes,  on  a 
promontory  of  its  E.  coast,  23  miles  S.  of  Rhodes,  with  a 
small  harbor  and  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. 

Lindo w,  lin'dov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  1711. 

L'Indre,  a  village  of  France.    See  Indre. 

Lindsay,  lin'ze,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocea«.- 
Lat.  19°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  141°  15'  30"  E.     It  is  4  miles  long. 

Lindsay,  lin'ze,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Lindsay,  lin'ze,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Victoria, 
Ontario,  on  the  navigable  river  Scugog,  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Hope.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  lumber  and  grain,  3  branch  banks,  the 
county  buildings,  several  churches  and  schools,  grist-  and 
saw-mills,  a  number  of  fine  stores,  and  manufactories  of 
iron  eastings,  machinery,  leather,  woollen  goods,  wooden- 
ware,  beer,  boats  and  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  4049. 

Lindsay's,  a  station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gordonsville,  Va. 

Lindsay's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Lindsborg,  linz'borg,  a  post-village  of  McPherson  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sa- 
lina.  It  was  settled  by  Swedes.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  968. 

Lindsey,  lin'ze,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Solomon  River,  2  or  3  miles  S.E.  of  Minneapolis, 
and  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Salina. 

Lindsey,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1383. 

Lindsey,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Fremont.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  a  saw -mill,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  458. 

Lindseyville,  lin'ze-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Md.,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Snow  Hill.     Pop.  54. 

Lind'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

Lindnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Lincoln. 

Lindus,  the  ancient  name  of  Lindo. 

Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish.  La.,  on  thb 
navigable  Bayou  Bartholomew,  about  46  miles  N.E.  of 
Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Lineborongh,  lin'bilr-rtih,  a  post- village  in  Stanstead 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  boundary-line,  adjacent  to  North  Derby, 
Vt.,  and  on  the  Massawippi  Valley  Railway,  34^  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  150. 

Linebnrg,  Iln'burg,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala. 

Line  Creek,  of  Georgia,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Fayette  and  Coweta  cos.,  and  joins  Whitewater  Creek. 

Line  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Line  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co..  Miss. 

Line  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Line  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Line  Lex'ington,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Bucks  co.  line,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norristown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 


LIN 


1660 


LIN 


Line  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury. 

Lineport,  lin'port,  a  hamlet  of  Stewart  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Kentucky  line,  and  on  the  Cumberland  River,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Dover. 

Lines,  linz,  a  station  in  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  on  tne  JNan- 
ticoke  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Nanticoke. 

Line  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

Line  Store,  a  post-oflfice  of  Benton  co.,  Ark. 

Linesville,  linz'vil,  a  borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Pine  township,  on  the  Brie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  43  miles 
S  S  W.  of  Erie,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  saah-  and 
door-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  552.  Its  post-office,  formerly 
Linesville  Station,  is  now  Linesville. 

Lineville,  lin'vil,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Talladega.   It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 

Lineville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
S.  boundary  of  the  state,  in  Grand  River  township,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Princeton,  Mo.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  (1890)  606. 

Lineville,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  bor- 
der of  Clarion  co.,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  18  miles 
E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  3  churches.     Oil  is  found  near  it. 

Ling,  a  Chinese  word,  signifying  "  mountain-chain,"  or 
"  range,"  forming  part  of  the  names  of  many  places  in 
China :  as,  Pe-Ling,  "  the  Northern  Rainge,"  Ac. 

Linga,  lin'gl,  two  Shetland  Islands,  between  Mainland 
and  Yell ;  also  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  W.  of  Mull. 

Lin^gah',  Lin^gar',  or  Liiya,  lin'yi',  a  town  and 
seaport  on  the  N.'E.  side  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  26°  37' 
N.;  Ion.  54°  59'  E.  It  has  a  good  port,  and  a  large  trade 
by  sea,  and  is  well  built.  Pop.  8000.  It  is  under  an  Arab 
governor. 

Lin^gan',  a  post- village  in  Cape  Breton  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Sydney.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  several  stores,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a  short 
railway.     Pop.  300. 

Ling'anore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  stores. 

Linganore  Creek,  Maryland,  runs  nearly  S.W.,  and 
enters  the  Monocacy  River  4  miles  E.  of  Frederick. 

Lingayen,  leen-g8,-yfin',  a  seaport  town  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Luzon,  Philippines,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Manila. 
Pop.  23,063. 

Linge,  or  De  Linge,  d^h  ling'n^h,  a  stream  of  the 
Netherlands,  which,  after  a  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the 
Waal  at  Gorkum. 

Lingen,  ling'^n,  a  town  of  Hanover,  36  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Osnaburg.  Pop.  5736.  It  has  Calvinistic,  Roman  Catho- 
lic, and  Lutheran  churches,  and  a  gymnasium. 

Lingen,  ling'gh§n,  or  Linga,  ling'gi,  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  o£f  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  in  lat.  0° 
20'  S.,  Ion.  104°  40'  E.,  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Singapore. 
Length,  40  miles;  breadth,  20  miles.  It  produces  fine 
timber,  and  is  governed  by  a  native  rajah  under  Dutch 
protection.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Lingenau,  ling'^n-Sw^  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol, 
8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bregenz.     Pop.  1022. 

Lingenfeld,  ling'^n-filt^  a  village  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  1602. 

Linglestown,  ling'§lz-t5wn,  a  post-borough  of  Dau- 
phin CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Paxton  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  3  churches,  3  stores,  and  2  coach - 
factories.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ling-Lo-Shan,orLing-Lo-Chan,ling^-lo-sh&n', 
a. mountain  in  China,  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  in  the 
province  of  Kan-Soo.     Lat.  about  35°  N.;  Ion.  103°  E. 

Lingo,  ling'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Macon. 

Lingones,  an  ancient  name  of  Langres. 
Liuguaglossa,  lin'gwi-glos'si,  a  town  of  Sicily,  23 
miles  N.  of  Catania.     Pop.  8822. 

Lingula,  the  Latin  name  of  Laigdeglia. 

Liuhares,  leen-yi'rSs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1033. 

Linhares,  leen-yi'rSs,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito 
Santo,  on  the  Doce,  30  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. 

Linkebeek,  lin'k^h-baik^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  5  miles  S.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1300. 

Lin-Kiang,  or  Lin-Kiang-Foo,  lin^-ke-ing'-foo', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment.    Lat.  28°  N. ;  Ion.  115°  24'  E. 

Linklaen,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.    See  Lincklaen. 
Liukoping,  or  LinIg6ping,lin'cho'ping,  called  also 
Oestergotland,  bsH^r-got'lint,  or  OsHrogo'thia,  a 


laen  of  Sweden,  on  the  Baltic.  Area,  4226  square  miles.  Sar« 
face  mountainous,  wooded,  and  interspersed  with  numeroua 
lakes.  The  Motala  River  and  Kumla  Canal  traverse  its 
centre.  Products  comprise  corn,  hops,  flax,  and  timber, 
with  iron,  lead,  and  various  other  minerals.  Manufac- 
turing establishments  comprise  barrel-  and  sail-cloth-fac- 
tories, and  iron-  and  copper-works.  Principal  towns,  Lin- 
koping  and  Norrkjoping.     Pop.  268,584. 

Link5ping,  or  Linkjoping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  cap- 
ital of  a  Isen  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Stang-An,  near  ita 
mouth  in  Lake  Roxen,  108  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm.  It 
has  a  cathedral  and  other  churches,  a  town  hall,  a  library, 
a  house  of  assembly,  an  old  castle,  and  a  gymnasium.  Pop. 
8373.     It  is  a  Lutheran  bishop's  see. 

Link'ville,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Mo. 

Linkville,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon,  180  miles 
N.  of  Redding,  Cal. 

Link'wood,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Dorchester  A  Delaware  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Cam 
bridge.     It  has  a  cannery,  3  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Linlith'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Livingston  township,  near  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Linlithgow,  lin-lith'go,  Linlithgowshire,  lin- 
lith'go-shir,  or  West  Lothian,  lo'TH^-an,  a  county  of 
Scotland,  having  on  the  N.  the  Firth  of  Forth,  on  the  E.  and 
S.  the  CO.  of  Edinburgh,  and  on  the  W.  the  cos.  of  Lanark 
and  Stirling.  Area,  127  square  miles.  The  surface  is  beau- 
tifully varied  with  gentle  undulations.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Almond  and  Avon.  Soil  in  the  S.  swampy  and  moorland, 
elsewhere  generally  fertile.  Coal  is  extensively  wrought. 
Capital,  Linlithgow.  The  county,  independent  of  two  con- 
tributory boroughs,  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  52,808. 

Linlithgow,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Linlithgow,  on  the  Union  Canal,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Edinburgh,  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  situated 
in  a  hollow,  beside  a  fine  lake.  The  chief  buildings  are  the 
parish  church  of  St.  Michael,  erected  in  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury, one  of  the  noblest  Gothic  structures  in  Scotland  ,■  a 
town  house,  with  sheriff's  oourt-room,  jail,  and  a  curious 
hexagonal  cross-well,  and  magnificent  remains  of  a  royal 
palace,  founded,  probably,  by  Edward  I.  of  England.  It  is 
a  quadrangle,  occupying  an  acre  of  ground,  and  has  a  heavy 
but  imposing  exterior,  and  fine  apartments,  the  most  inter- 
esting being  the  parliament  hall,  and  the  room  in  which 
Mary  Queen  of  Soots  was  bom  in  1542.  The  town  has  a 
grammar-school,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  spirits,  glue, 
and  beer.  It  unites  with  Falkirk,  Airdrie,  Lanark,  and 
Hamilton  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    Pop.  in  1891,  3908. 

Linn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1306. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cedar  and  Wap- 
sipinicon  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  Buffalo  and  Prairie 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
beautiful  prairies  and  forests  of  hard  timber,  which  is  here 
abundant.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  well  watered.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  underlie?  part  of  the  soil.  This  county 
contains  the  city  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroad,  the  second  named  connecting  with 
Marion,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,080; 
in  1880,  37,237;  in  1890,  45,303. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering  on 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  637  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Osage  River,  and  also  drained  by  Big  Sugar 
Creek  and  North  Sugar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests, 
which  grow  along  the  streams.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  About  90  per  cent,  of  this  ooilnty  is  prai- 
rie. It  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  and  abundance  of 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott 
A  Memphis  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Mound  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,1 74 ;  in  1880, 15,298 ; 
in  1890,  17,215. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area 
of  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Locust  and  Yellow 
Creeks,  which  run  southward,  and  is  also  drained  by  Muscle 
River  and  several  affluents  of  Grand  River,  which  touches 
the  S.W.  corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.     The  soil  is  fertile 


LIN 


1661 


LIN 


Indinn  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Hannibal  <k 
St.  Joseph  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Kansas 
City  Railroad.  Capital,  Linneus.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,900 ; 
in  1880,  20,016;  in  1890,  24,121. 

liiniiy  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an  area 
of  about  2700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Willamette.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Calapooya  River 
and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Santiam.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  grand  mountain-scenery  and  with  prairies  and 
extensive  forests.  Mount  Jefferson,  a  high  peak  of  the 
Cascade  Range,  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  stands  on  the 
eastern  border  of  this  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and 
prairies  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  butter,  hay,  lumber,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8717;  in  1880,  12,676;  in  1890,  16,265. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  438. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  833.  Linn 
Post-Office  is  10  miles  N.  of  Dexter. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  925. 

Linn,  a  station  in  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Milwaukee  division,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  958. 

liinn,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  a 
newspaper,  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ac,  and  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  200. 

liinn,  a  township  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  300. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Pop.  309. 

Liinn,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  403. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1948. 

Linn,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.,  in  Linn 
township,  about  100  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  8  miles  S. 
of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
4  stores,  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1785. 

Linn,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Illinois 
line.     Pop.  870. 

Linn  Creek,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Camden  co.. 
Mo.,  in  Osage  township,  and  on  the  Osage  River,  about  50 
miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
money-order  post-office,  a  church,  a  publishing-house,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  general  stores.  The  river  is  naviga- 
ble from  this  place  to  its  mouth.     Pop.  about  200. 

Linn'dale,  a  station  in  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Cleveland. 

Lin'neus,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in  Lin- 
neus township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Houlton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  shingle-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  carriages. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  965. 

Linneus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Burlington  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  26  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Chillicothe,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Laclede  Station  of  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  chairs,  ploughs,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  813. 

Linn  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Nacogdocnes  co.,  Tex. 

Linn  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hartford  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  5  miles  W.  of 
Berne.     It  has  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  upwards  of  200. 

Linn  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

Linnhe,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Linnhs. 

Linnich,  lin'niK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  1928. 

Linn's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Linn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  36  miles  E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.    Pop.  100. 

Linnville  River,  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into  the 
Catawba. 

Linn'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  oo..  Mo.,  about  30 
niles  E.  by  S.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Linosa,  Ie-no's&  (ano.  ^gu»a),  a  small  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Sicily,  and  85  miles  W. 
of  Malta.     It  is  of  volcanic  formation,  and  uninhabited. 

Lin'scott's,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Linselles,  I4ii°^sill',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  6 
miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1648. 

Linsenhofen,  lin's§n-ho^f§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  in  the  Black  Forest,  on  the  Steinach.     Pop.  1934. 

Lin'son,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  & 
Michigan  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 

Lintao,  an  island  of  China.     See  Lantao. 

Lin-Tchiu,  or  Lin-Tcin,  China.    See  Lin-Tsino. 


Linth,  lint,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Glarus, 
enters  Lake  Wallenstadt  after  a  N.  course  of  about  26  miles. 
The  Linth  Canal,  9  miles  long,  connects  Lakes  Wallenstadt 
and  Zurich. 

Lin'thwaite,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Huddersfield.     It  has  woollen-mills.     Pop.  5047. 

Lintin,  linHeen',  an  island  of  China,  in  the  Canton 
River,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Macao,  and  9  miles  N.  of 
Lantao,  with  a  remarkable  conical  peak. 

Lint'ner  Station,  a  post-office  of  Piatt  co..  111. 

Lin'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  lOi  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Cambridge.     Pop.  of  parish,  1838. 

Linton,  or  East  Linton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  5J  miles  E.  of  Haddington,  on  the  Tyne,  and  on  the 
North  British  Railway.     Pop.  1037. 

Linton,  or  West  Linton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Peebles.     Pop.  514. 

Lin'ton,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.  Ga.,  about  100 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 
Pop.  nearly  200. 

Linton,  a  post-village  in  Stockton  township,  Greene 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a 
church.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Linton,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1437. 

Linton,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  786. 

Linton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  N. 
of  Burlington. 

Linton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Hopkinsville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Linton,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1600. 
It  contains  Jacobsport  and  Plainfield. 

Linton,  a  post-village  in  Saline  township,  Jefferson  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  at  Yellow  Creek  Station,  16  miles  N.  of  Steuben- 
ville.     It  has  a  church,  2  coal-mines,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Linton,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  17  miles 
W.  of  Aurora.  It  contains  several  stores  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  150. 

Linton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on 
Wills  Creek,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wooden-ware. 

Lin-Tsing,  lin^-tsing',  Lin-Tching,  or  Lin- 
Tchin,  lin^cheen',  written  also  Lin-Tcin,  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  Yu-Ho  Canal,  70 
miles  w.  of  Tsee-Nan.  It  is  populous,  and  stated  to  be 
hands>jme  and  important  as  a  commercial  city.  It  has  some 
mosques,  several  temples,  one  with  a  colossal  gold  idol,  and 
an  octagonal  tower  of  nine  stories. 

Lintthal,  lint't&r,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Glarus,  on'the  Linth.     Pop.,  with  vicinity,  2119. 

Lintz,  or  Linz,  lints  (anc.  Len'tia,  or  Len'tium),  a  for- 
tified city,  capital  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  at  a 
railway  junction,  98  miles  W.  of  Vienna.  Lat.  48°  19'  N. ; 
Ion.  14°  17'  E.  Pop.  47,560.  It  was  formerly  fortified  in 
a  remarkable  manner  by  detached  forts.  It  is  handsomely 
built,  and  has  three  suburbs,  more  extensive  than  the  city 
itself,  many  fine  churches,  a  landhaus,  formerly  a  Franciscan 
convent,  and  an  old  castle,  now  a  prison  and  penitentiary, 
and  some  large  barracks,  a  custom-house,  bank,  theatre,  Ac. 
In  the  principal  square  is  a  marble  column  erected  in  1723 
to  commemorate  the  escape  of  the  city  from  the  double  at- 
tack of  the  plague  and  of  the  Turks.  Its  institutions  com- 
prise a  gymnasium  and  lyceum,  with  a  library,  an  asylum 
for  deaf-mutes,  and  other  hospitals.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  of  cotton  and  silk  goods,  leather,  gold  lace, 
cards,  tobacco,  and  carpets.  Its  transient  trade  by  the 
Danube  is  very  considerable.  Some  Roman  antiquities 
have  been  discovered  here. 

Lintz,  or  Linz,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  3055. 

Lin'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hartford  co..  Conn. 

Linville,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  347. 

Linville,  a  hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.     Pop.  40. 

Linville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Linville  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Linville  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Burke  co.,  runs  nearly  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Catawba  River  about  8  miles  W.  of 
Morgantown.  The  scenery  on  its  banks  is  very  picturesque, 
and  is  diversified  with  high  precipices. 

Liuville's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co,,  N.C. 

Lin'wood,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  3i 
miles  W.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  1250. 


LIN 


1662 


LIP 


Lin'wood,  a  post-hainlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Conecuh  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  73 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.     It  has  a  church. 

Linwood;  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefiferson  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  13  miles 
S.B.  of  Pine  Bluff,  and  li  miles  S.  of  the  Arkansas  River. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Linwood,  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col. 

Linwood,  a  village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  adjacent  to  the  city  of  Lafayette.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  barrels.  Pop.  648.  Here 
are  2  cemeteries,  named  Greenbush  and  Springvale. 

liinwood)  or  Lo'ring,  a  post- village  of  Leavenworth 
CO.,  Kansas,  in  Sherman  township,  on  the  Kansas  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Stranger,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Linwood)  a  post-office  and  station  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
on  the  "Western  Maryland  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Bal- 
timore. 

Linwood)  a  post-office  of  Anoka  oo.,  Minn. 

Linwood)  Osage  co.,  Missouri.    See  Linnwood. 

Linwood)  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Neb.,  about  60 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Omaha,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Platte. 

Linwood)  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Salisbury. 
It  has  a  church. 

Linwood)  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Spen- 
cer township,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  manufactory  of  hames, 
and  iron-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  1291. 

Linwood)  formerly  Mar'cus  Hook)  a  post-village 
of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Lower  Chichester  township,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc 
Baltimore  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has 
a  cotton-factory  and  2  or  3  churches.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Linwood  Station. 

Linwood)  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  oo.,  Tean.,  4  miles 
from  Chatata  Station.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Linwood)  a  township  o>f  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  about  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wis- 
consin River.     Pop.  443. 

Lin'vrood)  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  from  Berlin.  It  contains  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a 
flax-mill,  4  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Linwood  Station,  Delaware  co..  Pa.    See  Linwood. 

Linz,  a  city,  capital  of  Upper  Austria.    See  Lintz. 

Lione,  the  Italian  nailie  of  Lyons. 

LionfortC)  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Leonportb. 

LionS)  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  op  Lyons. 

Li'onville)  a  post- village  in  Uwchlan  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Lionville  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenixville. 
The  village  is  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  West  Chester.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Liorna)  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Leghorn. 

Lioubachevo,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lyoobashevo. 

Lioubetch)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lyoobbtch. 

Lioubini)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lyoobiu. 

Liontsin)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lyootsin. 

Lipan)  le-pS,n',  a  post-village  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Granbury.    It  has  2  churches. 

Lipan  Indians )  a  large  and  warlike  tribe  in  the  W. 
part  of  Texas  and  E.  part  of  Mexico. 

Lipari)  lip'§,-re  or  lee'pi-re  (anc.  Lip'ara),  an  island  in 
the  Mediterranean,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Sicily.  Lat.  38° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  55'  E.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  central 
island  of  the  Lipari  group,  being  30  miles  in  circuit,  and 
produces  large  quantities  of  grapes,  figs,  olives,  currants,  and 
wine,  and  some  corn.  It  is  the  great  magazine  for  pumice- 
stone,  sent  hence  to  all  parts  of  the  world ;  and  sulphur, 
nitre,  sal-ammoniac,  soda,  capers,  and  fish  are  important 
articles  of  export.     Pop.  13,235. 

Lipari)  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  above 
island,  on  a  steep  acclivity,  and  tolerably  well  built.  The 
most  conspicuous  object  is  the  castle,  built  by  Charles  V., 
which  crowns  a  vast  volcanic  mass  overhanging  the  town, 
and  contains  several  public  edifices  within  its  enclosure,  the 
principal  of  which  is  the  cathedral.  Lipari  likewise  pos- 
sesses a  college,  an  episcopal  palace,  several  convents,  and  a 
hospital.  The  bay  immediately  beneath  the  town  is  about 
2  miles  in  circuit,  and  has  good  anchorage,  but  the  shelter, 
from  want  of  a  mole,  is  insecure.  A  considerable  trade, 
however,  is  carried  on  in  the  different  products  of  the  island. 
The  town  has  fine  remains  of  antiquity.  Lipari  is  the  cap- 
ital of  the  whole  group,  and  the  see  of  a  bishop.     P.  12,020. 

Lipari  Islands  (anc.  ^o'lix  or  Vulca'ni«  In'aulse),  a 


group  of  volcanic  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  named  from 
Lipari,  the  principal  island,  between  lat.  38°  20'  and  38° 
55'  N.  and  Ion.  14°  15'  and  15°  15'  E.,  from  15  to  30  miles 
from  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily,  and  comprised  in  the  intendency 
of  Messina.  The  7  principal  islands  are  Lipari,  Vulcano, 
Stromboli,  Salini,  Panaria,  Felicudi,  and  Alicudi.  All  are 
mountainous  and  volcanic,  Stromboli  and  Vulcano  having 
active  volcanoes.  Climate  healthy,  and  soil  highly  fertile 
where  duly  irrigated  by  water  carefully  preserved  in  cis- 
terns.    Pop.  16,927. 

LipaU)  lee'pSw,  LippaU)  lip'pSw,  or  LipoW)  lee'- 
pov,  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  from  Hradisch,  on  the 
Wieliczka,     Pop.  1080. 

LipcsC)  lip'ch^\  or  Lipcsa,  lip'ch&\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  on  the  Nagy-Ag,  31  miles  N.W 
of  Szigeth.     Pop.  1535. 

LipcsC)  Pfemeth)  Hungary.    See  Neueth-Lipcse. 

LipeS)  or  LipeZ)  lee'pis,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  depart 
ment  and  162  miles  S.W.  of  Potosi. 

Lipetsk)  or  Lipetzk)  le-pStsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  84  miles  W.  »f  Tambov,  on  the  Voronezh. 
Pop.  14,213.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  and 
well-frequented  mineral  baths. 

Lipnicza)  lip^nit'sSh^,  Also,  6rsh5',  and  Felso,  f4r- 
sho',  two  villages  of  North  Hungary,  co.  of  Arva,  44  milei 
N.W.  of  Kesmark,  on  the  Schwarz.  Pop.  of  Also  Lipnicza. 
1960 ;  of  Felso  Lipnicza,  1430. 

Lipnik)  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Leipnie. 

Lipnitz,  or  Gross  Lipnitz,  groce  lip'nits,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  24  miles  S.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1400. 

LipnO)  lip'no,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  32  miles 
N.W.  of  Plock,  on  the  Niemen.     Pop.  5463. 

LipovetZ)  or  LipoweZ)  le-po-v4ts'  (Polish,  Lipotoiec, 
le-po've-dts),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  102  miles 
S.W.  of  Kiev.    Pop.  6710. 

LipoW)  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Lipac. 

Lippa)  lip'p5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Temes,  on 
the  Maros,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Temesvar.  Pop.  7008,  mortly 
employed  in  agriculture  and  in  cattle-breeding. 

LippaU)  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Lipau. 

LippC)  lip'p^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  S.W. 
of  the  principality  of  Lippe,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Lippspring, 
flows  mostly  W.  through  Prussian  AVestphalia  and  Rhenish 
Prussia,  and  joins  the  Rhine  at  Wesel.     Length,  110  miles. 

LippO)  or,  less  correctly,  Lippe-Detmold)  lip'pfh- 
dfit'molt,  a  principality  of  N.W.  Germany,  the  chief  part 
of  which  is  comprised  between  the  Prussian  provinces  of 
Hesse-Nassau,  Westphalia,  and  Hanover,  and  the  princi- 
pality of  Waldeck;  out  3  enclaves  are  within  the  limits  of 
Westphalia.  Capital,  Detmold.  Area,  438  square  miles. 
Surface  hilly,  partly  covered  by  the  Teutoburger-Wald, 
where  Arminius  exterminated  the  legions  of  Varus.  The 
Ems  and  the  Lippe  have  their  sources  here.  Some  por- 
tions are  remarkably  fertile.  Mineral  products,  salt,  lime, 
iron,  and  marble.  Chief  towns,  Detmold,  Lemgo,  and  Horn. 
The  government  is  nominally  constitutional,  but  is  prac- 
tically in  the  hands  of  the  prince.  Pop.  in  1885,  123,250; 
in  1890,  128,495,  mostly  Protestants. 

LippehnC)  lip-pi'n§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3563. 

Lippe-Schaumbnrg)  or  Lippe- Schanenbnrg. 

See  SOBAUUBURG-LlPPE. 

Lip'pincott)  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Lippincott)  York  co.,  Ontario.    See  Brockton. 

Lippincott'S)  a  station  in  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Bellefontaine. 

Lip'pitt)  a  village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent  co.,  R.I., 
on  the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  River  Point. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods.  It  is  adjacent  to 
Phenix  and  Clyde  Works. 

Lippspring,  lip'spRing,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden,  near  the  source  of  the 
Lippe.     Pop.  2163. 

Lippstadt)  lip'stltt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Amsberg,  on  the  Lippe.  Pop.  8137. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  is  well  built,  it  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollens,  linen,  starch,  leather,  and  iron-wares. 

Lipscomb)  lips'kum,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  angle  of  the 
Panhandle  of  Texas,  having  Oklahoma  Territory  on  the  N. 
and  E.  Area,  900  square  miles.  Capital,  Lipscomb.  Pop. 
in  1880,  69;  in  1890,  632. 

Lipsia)  the  Latin  name  of  Leipsic. 

Lipsk)  leepsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Sober,  22  miles 
W.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  1813. 

Lipso,  lip'so  (anc.  Lep'eia),  a  small  island  off  the  coast 
of  Asia  Minor,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Patmos. 


LIP 


1663 


LIS 


LiptaU)  Up'tSw,  or  Lip't6,  a  county  of  Hungary,  form- 
ing the  upper  part  of  the  valley  of  the  Waag,  bounded  N.  by 
Galicia  and  the  county  of  Arva.  Area,  868  square  miles. 
Capital,  Szent  Miklos.     Pop.  79,273. 

Liquentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Litknza. 

Lir6,  lee^ri',  a  village  of  Prance,  In  Maine-et-Loire, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Beaupr6au.     Pop.  419. 

Liria,  lee're-i  (ano.  Edeta,  or  Laurona  ?),  a  town  of 
Bpain,  province  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  8920. 
It  has  a  handsome  modern  church,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  linens,  soap,  and  earthenware. 

I^iris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Garigliano. 

Ijisadel,  li-sa-del',  or  Ford'wich,  a  post-village  in 
Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Maitland  River,  near  Lisadel 
Station  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railway,  7  miles  W. 
of  Harriston,  It  has  4  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
a  good  limestone-quarry,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  200. 

liisaine^  lee^zan',  or  Lusine,  lii^zeen',  a  stream  of 
France,  in  Haute-SaQne,  joins  the  Savoureuse  and  Allaine 
(or  Halle)  at  Montb61iard.  It  gives  name  to  the  battle  of 
January  15,  16,  and  17,  1871,  between  the  French  and  the 
Germans. 

Lisbon,  liz'bpn  (Port,  and  Sp.  Liahoa,  liz-bo'&  or  lees- 
bo'4 ;  Fr.  Lisbonne,  lees^bonn' ;  It.  Lisabona,  le-s&-bo'nS, ; 
Ger.  Lissabon,  lis'si-bon;  anc.  Olia'ipo),  a  city,  capital  of 
the  kingdom  of  Portugal  and  of  the  province  of  Estrema- 
dura,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tagus,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Lat.  of  observatory,  38°  42'  4"  N. ;  Ion. 
9°  8'  2"  W.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  61.3°;  winter, 
52.4°;  summer,  70.9°.  Climate  healthy,  but  variable;  ex- 
posed to  heavy  rains  and  cold  winds  in  winter.  It  is  built 
on  a  succession  of  hills  rising  from  the  quays  in  the  form  of 
an  amphitheatre,  and  exhibits  a  great  variety  of  churches, 
convents,  and  houses,  which  have  an  imposing  effect  when 
viewed  from  the  river.  The  length  of  the  city  in  a  straight 
line  is  about  SJ  miles ;  while  the  breadth,  from  S.  to  N.,  or 
from  the  Tagus  inland,  is  from  1  to  li  miles.  The  whole 
of  this  space,  however,  is  not  densely  covered  with  build- 
ings ;  considerable  portions  of  it  being  occupi«d  by  gardens, 
ruins,  and  the  declivities  of  the  hills.  The  streets  Ja  gen- 
eral, and  more  especially  in  the  E.,  which  is  the  oldest  por- 
tion of  the  city,  are  steep,  narrow,  crooked,  and  ill  paved ; 
and  the  houses,  with  the  exception  of  a  neat  and  substan- 
tial building  here  and  there,  are  old-fashioned  and  mean. 
That  part  of  the  town,  however,  which  has  been  rebuilt 
since  the  great  earthquake  in  1755,  and  which  is  situated 
in  the  valley  between  Castle-hillTon  the  E.,  and  the  hills 
of  San  Francisco  and  Do  Carmo,  on  the  W.,  consists  of  sev- 
eral parallel  streets,  crossed  by  others  at  right  angles,  and 
is  regular,  well  built,  and  clean.  Of  these.  Gold,  Silver, 
and  Cloth  streets  extend  about  half  a  mile  N.  and  S.,  having 
as  their  S.  extremity  the  Praja  do  Commercio,  a  large  and 
handsome  square,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  the  naval 
arsenal,  the  exchange,  custom-house,  India  house,  and  other 
public  buildings,  and  having  the  Tagus  on  the  S.,  with  an 
equestrian  statue  of  Joseph  I.  in  bronze  in  the  centre.  At 
the  N.  extremity  of  these  streets  are  the  Praga  de  Figueira, 
a  square  of  a  remarkably  picturesque  appearance,  used  as 
a  public  market,  and  a  handsome  square,  called  the  Rooio, 
containing  a  magnificent  national  theatre.  Other  open 
spaces  and  squares  worthy  of  notice  are  the  Passeio  Pub- 
lico, or  promenade,  which,  although  small,  is  elegantly  laid 
out,  the  Prafa  das  Amorciras,  containing  a  large  reservoir 
for  supplying  the  different  fountains  of  the  city  with  water, 
and  the  Praga  de  Algeria,  in  which  a  sort  of  rag  fair  is  held. 
The  W.  quarter,  built  along  the  slope  of  the  W.  hill,  is  airy 
and  pleasant,  and  contains  numerous  dwellings,  occupied 
by  foreigners,  with  vineyards  and  gardens  well  stocked 
with  olive,  orange,  and  other  trees.  The  city  contains  sev- 
eral royal  palaces. 

Excepting  the  castle  of  St.  George,  remarkable  for  the 
beauty  of  its  situation,  the  only  other  noteworthy  buildings 
besides  those  already  adverted  to  are  churches  and  con- 
vents. The  principal  of  the  former  are  the  cathedral  or 
patriarchal  church,  on  the  slope  of  the  Castle-hill;  the 
church  do  Coragao  do  Jesus,  on  the  hill  of  Estrella;  the 
church  of  the  Martyrs,  erected  on  the  spot  where  Alphonso 
I.  mounted  the  walls  of  the  city  and  rescued  it  from  the 
Moors ;  the  handsome  church  of  Santa  Engracia ;  and  the 
church  of  San  Roque.  The  numerous  convents  which 
crown  the  hills,  and  appear  like  palaces  and  fortresses,  are 
for  the.  most  part  massive  and  imposing  structures.  The 
palace  of  Necessidades,  in  which  the  meetings  of  the  Cortes 
are  held,  has  a  respectable  appearance,  and  the  theatre  of 
San  Carlos,  or  Italian  opera-house,  is  a  large  and  handsome 
edifice.  One  of  the  greatest  works  of  the  kind  either  in 
ancient  or  in  modern  times  is  the  aqueduct  which  conveys 


water  to  the  city  from  springs  rising  near  the  village  of 
Bellas,  about  10^  miles  distant. 

The  scientific  and  literary  institutions  comprise  the  royal 
academy  of  sciences,  college  of  the  nobles,  royal  marine 
academy,  or  school  of  navigation  and  ship-building,  with 
its  observatory,  royal  academy  of  artillery  and  engineers, 
royal  military  college,  school  of  music,  national  library, 
in  Praja  do  Commercio,  containing  about  150,000  volumes, 
and  that  of  the  Cortes  in  the  Necessidades,  of  about  30,000 
volumes,  the  royal  schools  of  Vicente  de  Fora,  for  instruc- 
tion in  philosophy,  geometry,  physics,  and  the  ancient  lan- 
guages, normal  schools,  a  lyceum,  polytechnic  school,  medi- 
cal school,  industrial  schools,  fine-art  school,  royal  school 
of  drawing  and  civil  architecture,  and  numerous  primary 
or  elementary  schools.  The  buildings  belonging  to  some 
of  these  institutions  are  spacious. 

Lisbon  is  admirably  situated  for  commerce.  The  harbor 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  the  quays,  which  ex- 
tend between  2  and  3  miles  along  the  bank  of  the  river,  are 
elegant  and  commodious.  Farther  up  the  river,  and  form- 
ing a  W.  suburb  to  Lisbon,  a  short  distance  beyond  the 
Alcantara,  stands  the  town  of  Belem,  with  its  well-known 
tower,  one  of  the  defences  of  the  harbor.  The  commerce 
of  Lisbon  is  extensive,  and  has  been  much  facilitated  by 
the  construction  of  railways,  which  connect  it  with  the 
chief  towns  of  Portugal  and  Spain.  The  exports  consist 
chiefly  of  wine,  oil,  fruit,  and  salt,  and  the  principal  im- 
ports are  hemp,  flax,  corn,  silk,  linen,  cotton,  and  woollen 
cloths,  iron,  steel,  hardware,  dried  fish,  ale,  porter,  and  coals. 
The  domestic  manufactures  are  silk,  paper,  soap,  cottons, 
and  woollens.  There  are  also  sugar-refineries  and  potteries. 
The  goldsmiths  and  jewellers  are  highly  esteemed.  The 
government  has  also  manufactories  of  artillery,  small-arms, 
and  ammunition.   Lisbon  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  patriarch. 

Lisbon  was  anciently  called  Oliaipo  or  Ulysipo,  some  say 
on  account  of  its  foundation  being  ascribed  to  Ulysses. 
Felidtas  Julia  was  its  name  under  the  Romans.     It  was 
captured  by  the  Moors  in  716,  and  remained  in  their  posses-  (^ 
sion  till  1145.     In  1255  it  was  visited  by  an  earthquake,  /a^ 
which  threw  down  a  considerable  portion  of  the  city  and  ^'^ 
destroyed  about^6MIlDLonts^ inhabitants.    Of  this  calamity 
traces  are  still  viiible^     It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1807, 
but  resisted  an  attack  by  Massena  in  1809.     The  popula- 
tion is  very  mixed,  containing  natives  from  every  province 
of  Portugal,  negroes,  mulattoes,  and  Gallegos,  or  natives  of 
Galicia.    Pop.   (including  Belem  and  Olivaes)   in   1864, 
208,376;  in  1878,  253,496. 

Ijisboii)  liz'bgn,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

liisbon,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  22  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Auburn. 

Lisbon,  a  township  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.  Pop. 
502.     It  contains  Newent  and  Bliss ville. 

Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Savannah 
River,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Washington. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co.,  HI.,  on  the  W. 
boundary  of  Lisbon  township,  and  partly  in  Big  Grove 
township,  9  miles  N.  of  Morris,  and  about  24  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Aurora.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  farm- 
ing-implements, wagons,  and  harness,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  of  Lisbon  township  in  1890,  1112. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  about  30  houses.     Pop.  142. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Linn  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  17  miles 
E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  and  5  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1079. 

Lisbon,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 

Lisbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about 
55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  division  of  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  about  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  2  cotton- 
mills,  a  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  repellants.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  contains  also  a  village  named 
Lisbon  Falls.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  3120. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Howard  oo.,  Md.,  about  27 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches  and  aa 
academy.    Pop.  about  150. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Chester 
and  Sparta  townships,  about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Grand 
Rapids.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  250. 


LIS 


1664 


LIS 


lasbon,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medicine  oo.,  Muui., 
13  miles  W£.W.  of  Granite  FaUs.     Pop.  243. 

lasbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  oo.,  Mo.,  on  or  near 
the  Missouri   Rirer,  10   miles  below  Glasgow.     It  has  2 

churches.  ,t  -rr    •     r  ■  x. 

Lisbon,  a  port-rillage  of  Grafton  oo.,  X.H.,  in  Losbon 
township,  on  the  Mink  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord 
Sc  Montreal  Railroad,  103  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  money-order  poet-offioe,  several  churches,  a  gnst-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  bobbins,  carriages,  shoe-pegs,  boxes, 
and  excelsior.     Pop.  about  900;  of  the  township,  1844. 

Lisbon,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
about  6  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  and  contains  vil- 
l^es  named  Lisbon  Centre  and  Red  Mills.     Pop.  4211. 

Lisbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  in  Lisbon 
township,  on  Black  River,  20  miles  W.  of  Majgnolia.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  rosin  and  turpentine. 
Pop.  75;  of  the  township,  1389. 

Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Darlington  co.,  3.C.,  7  miles  W.  of 
Timmonsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Lisbon,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex. 

Lisbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  2i  miles 
from  Buford's  Gap  Station. 

Lisbon,  a  township  of  Juneau  co..  Wis.  Pop.  514, 
exclusive  of  New  Lisbon  village. 

Lisbon,  a  township  of  Waukesha  oo.,  Wis,  Pop.  1421. 
It  contains  Sussex,  Laman's  Springs,  and  Lake  Five. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Baden.     Pop.  100. 

Lisbon  Centre,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Lisbon  township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  9  miles  £.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  haa  2 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  itc.  The 
products  of  rich  dairy-farms  are  shipped  here. 

Lisbon  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  An- 
droscoggin CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lew- 
iston.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  several  saw-mills,  a  tannery, 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1585. 

Lisbonville,  liz'b9n-vll,  a  post-office  of  Ray  oo.,  Mo. 

Lis'bnrn,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Down  and  An- 
trim, on  the  Lagan,  6^  miles  SjS.W.  of  Belfast  by  railway. 
It  has  a  spacious  cathedral  church  for  the  diocese  of  Down 
and  Connor,  a  court-house,  an  infirmary,  a  hospital,  a  free 
school,  workhouse,  linen-hall,  market-house,  and  aaaembly- 
rooms,  with  thriving  manufactures  of  linen.  A  oaaal  from 
Lough  Xeagh  here  joins  the  Lagan,  by  which  goods  are  con- 
veyed to  Belfast.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  9326. 

Lisbnm,  a  post- village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa^  on 
Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  a  church,  an  iron-forge  or  furnace,  and  a  floar-milL 
Pop.  about  400. 

Lisca-Bianca,  lis'k&-be-&n'k&,  an  islet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, Lipari  group,  E.  of  Panaria. 

Lisca-Nera,  lis'ki-ni'ri,  or  Tilanari,  te-UL-n&'- 
vee,  an  islet  of  the  Mediterranean,  Lipari  group,  £.  of 
Panaria. 

Liscan'or,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the  N. 
side  of  Liscanor  Bay,  5  miles  W.  of  Ennistymon. 

Lischaa,  lish'ow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Budweis.     Pop.  2360. 

Lischnicz,  lish'nitch,  or  Lissnitz,  liss'nits,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  20  miles  from  Eoniggratx,  on  the  Wild  Adler. 

Liscia,  lee'shi,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  S.W.  of  D 
Vasto.     Pop.  1605. 

Liscomb,  lis'kiun,  a  post-village  in  Liscomb  township, 
Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Iowa,  at  the  crossing  of  ihe  Farmers'  Union 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marshalltown,  and  14  miles  S. 
of  Eldora.  It  has  a  church,  a  banking-house,  a  drug-store, 
and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  313 ;  of  township,  980. 

Liscomb  Harbor,  a  hamlet  of  Guysborough  oo., 
5ova  Scotia,  on  the  sea,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke. 

Li'sha's  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Watervliet  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  1  mile 
from  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lisianka,  le-Be-&n'k&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  SO  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  2580. 

Lisiansky,  le-se-ln'skee,  a  small  low  coral  island  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  26°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  173°  42'  W. 

Lisieox,  lee'ie-oh'  (anc.  Xeom'agtu,  or  Lexo'vium),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  Touques,  34  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Caen.  It  is  beautifully  situated  between  two 
gorges  forming  the  entrance  into  a  rich  and  fertile  valley. 


and  is  surrounded  by  villas  and  gardens.  The  houses,  though 
lofty,  are  of  wood,  and  have  generally  a  decayed,  gloomy 
look ;  while  the  streets  are  mostly  narrow  and  winding.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  fine  Gothic  edifice  of  the  twelfth  century, 
a  handsome  episcopal  palace,  and  a  theatre.  The  manu- 
factures are  muslin,  broadcloth,  flannel,  linen,  hair -cloth, 
ribbons,  and  weaving-combs.  It  has  also  10  tanneries, 
cotton-,  paper-,  and  fulling-mills,  bleach-fields,  dye-works, 
and  a  tnuie  in  grain,  fruit,  cider,  hemp,  flax,  cattle, 
<fcc.  Lisieux  is  the  seat  of  courts  of  first  resort  and  com' 
merce,  a  consulting  chamber  of  manufactures,  and  a  com- 
munal college.  It  was  taken  and  almost  completely  de- 
stroyed in  the  fourth  century  by  the  Saxons,  who  employed 
the  materials  of  the  old  in  founding  a  new  town.  Four 
centuries  after  it  was  taken  and  pillaged  by  the  Normans, 
who  afterwards  kept  possession.  It  was  subsequently  taken 
by  Philip  Augustus  in  1203 ;  by  the  English  in  1415 ;  by 
Charles  YII.  of  France  in  1448 ;  by  the  Leaguers  in  1571 ; 
and  lastly,  by  Henry  IV.  of  France  in  1588.  During  these 
events  the  Bishop  of  Lisieux  took  the  title  of  prince  and 
assumed  the  temporal  power.     Pop.  in  1S91,  15,481. 

Liskeard,  lis-kani',  or  Leskeard,  a  borough  of 
England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the  Looe,  16  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Plymouth.  It  is  irregularly  built  on  a  rocky 
site,  and  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  a  national 
school,  a  branc^i  bank,  and  a  traffic  in  the  produce  of  tin-, 
copper-,  and  lead-mines.  It  returns  one  member  to  th« 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  4700. 

Lisko,  lis'ko,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  S  miles  S.tt. 
of  Sanok,  on  the  San.     Pop.  2730. 

Lisle,  leel,  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the 
Dronne,  10  miles  N.W.  of  P^rigueux.     Pop.  1235. 

Lisle,  a  city  of  France.    See  Lillx. 

Lisle,  lUe,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  in  Lisle 
township,  near  the  East  Branch  of  Du  Page  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  14  miles  £.  by 
N.  of  Aurora,  and  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  sohooL     Pop.  of  the  township,  1270. 

Lisle,  a  poet- village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lisle  town- 
ship, in  a  beaatiful  valley,  on  the  Tioghnioga  River,  and  on 
the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  A,  New  York  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  aji  academy,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber,  rifles, 
and  shot-guns.     Pop.  about  450 ;  of  the  township,  2445. 

L'l8le>en-Dodon,  leel-AH*-do^d&a*',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Hante-Garonne,  on  a  small  island  of  the  Save, 
20  mUea  N.N.E.  of  Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1922. 

L'Islet,  lee'Ii',  a  county  of  Quebec,  extending  from  the 
St.  Lawrenoe  on  the  N.W.  to  the  state  of  Maine  on  the 
S.E.  Area,  795  square  miles.  Capital,  St.  Jean  Port  JolL 
Pop.  13,517. 

L 'Islet,  a  post- village  in  L'IsIet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  the  St.  I^wrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 63  miles  below  Quebec  It  contains  a  church,  7  stores, 
and  a  ship-yard,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.    Pop.  1000. 

L'Islet  Forges,  a  village  in  Champlain  oo.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Birers. 
It  contains  a  saw -mill  and  a  foundry,  where  stoves  are  man- 
ufactured from  iron  ore  found  in  an  adjacent  bog.  Pop.  150. 

Lismore,  lix-m5r',  an  island  ofi'  the  W.  coast  of  Scot- 
land, 00.  of  Argyle,  at  the  entrance  of  Loch  Linnhe,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Oban.  Area,  about  8000  acres.  Pop.  720.  It 
has  remains  of  a  castle  and  of  a  cathedral,  the  chancel  of 
which  latter  is  now  the  parish  church. 

Lismore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Waterford  and 
Cork,  111  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dublin.  It  possesses  one  of  the 
finest  baronial  castles  in  Ireland ;  a  catnedral,  with  elegant 
interior ;  a  grammar-  and  other  schools,  almshouses,  a  work- 
house, hospitals,  and  court-house.  There  is  but  little  trade 
beyond  that  of  a  salmon-fishery,  though  a  canal  has  beep 
carried  thence  to  the  Blackwater.     Pop.  1946. 

Lis'more,  a  post-office  of  Conoonna  parish.  La. 

Lis'more,  a  hamlet  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Northumberland  Strait,  24  miles  from  New  Glasgow. 

Lisnaskea,  lis'nas-k&',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Fer- 
managh, 10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Enniskillen.     Pop.  857. 

Lisonzo,  a  river  of  Austrist.     See  Isoxso. 

Lispitz,  lis'pits,  or  Bliskowice,  blis-ko-^eet'si,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Znaym.     Pop.  1200. 

Lissa,  lis'si  (Slavic,  Ft*/  L.  I*'»a),  an  island  of  Dal- 
matla,  in  the  Adriatic,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Spalato.  Chief 
products,  wine,  oil,  almonds,  and  anchovies.  The  princi- 
pal town,  Lissa  or  San  Giorgio,  has  a  good  harbor.  It  is 
built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre.     Pop.  2820. 

Lissa,  lis'si  (Polish,  Letzno,  lish'no),  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, province  and  42  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Poeen.  Pop. 
11,069.     It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  and  has  a  castle,  a  bell- 


US 


1665 


LIT 


foundry,  manafactures  of  woollen  oloths,  leather,  linen,  and 
tobacoo,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  rabbit-skins. 

Lissabon,  the  German  name  of  LiSBOX. 

liisse,  lis'sfh,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1994. 

Lisseweghe^  leesVaig',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  6  miles  N,  of  Bruges,     Pop.  1200. 

Lissitz,  lis'sits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  IS  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Brunn.     Pop.  1370. 

LissuitZy  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Lischxicz. 

Lissone,  lis-so'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
N.W.  of  Monza.     Pop.  4598. 

liissus,  the  ancient  name  of  Alessio. 

liis'toU)  a  township  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  142. 

Lis'tonbnrg,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa. 

Listow'el)  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  on  the 
Feale,  16i  miles  X.N.E.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  2199. 

JListow'ellf  a  village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  East 
Branch  of  the  Maitland  River,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey 
ifc  Bruce  Railway,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Palmerston.  It  has  a 
branch  bank,  saw-,  grist-,  flax-,  and  woollen -mills,  brew- 
ery, foundry,  tannery,  cabinet-factory,  Ac,  about  20  stores, 
3  hotels,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Fop.  976. 

ListraC)  leesHr&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1352. 

Lisza,  lis'sSh^  a  village  of  Hungary,  23  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Trentschin.    Pop.  1949. 

Lisza^  a  village  of  Transylvania.     See  Lesza. 

Liszka'Olaszi,  liss'kdh^-oM&s'see\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Zemplin,  on  the  Bodrog. 
Pop.  2368. 

liiszkofalva,  Iiss'ko^fol'ySh\  or  Liszkova,  lis^ko'- 
vSh\  a  village  of  Hungau^,  co.  of  Liptau,  on  the  Waag,  2 
miles  from  Rosenberg.     Pop,  1475. 

Lit'aker,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1508. 

liitakou,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Lattakoo. 

Litang,  a  town  of  Thibet.     See  Lithano. 

Litany,  or  £1  liitany,  dl  lee't&'nee,  or  Liettani, 
le-fit-t4'nee  (anc.  Leon'tes),  a  river  of  Palestine,  rises  near 
Baalbec,  flows  between  Lebanon  and  Anti-Libanus,  and 
enters  the  Mediterranean  6  miles  N.  of  Tyre.  Near  its 
mouth  it  is  called  £1  Easimeeyeh  (or  £1  Easimiyeh). 

Litch'am,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Norfolk,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Swafiham.     Pop.  of  parish,  854. 

Litchfield,  a  town  of  England.     See  Lichfield. 

Litch'field,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Connec- 
ticut, borders  on  Massachusetts  and  New  York.  Area, 
about  948  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Housa- 
tonio  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Farmington  and 
Naugatuck  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  but- 
ter, cheese,  tobacoo,  cattle,  oats,  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  liberally  supplied  with  water-power, 
and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  various  articles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  and  the  Central  New 
England  <fc  Western  Railroad.  It  is  also  partly  traversed 
by  the  Shepaug,  Litchfield  &  Northern  Railroad.  Capital, 
Litchfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  48,727  ;  in  1880,  52,044;  in  1890, 
53,542. 

Litchfield,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  30  miles 
W.  of  Hartford,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Waterbury.  It 
is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Shepaug,  Litchfield  <fc 
Northern  Railroad,  and  is  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Litchfield 
Station  of  the  Naugatuck  division  of  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
scenery,  and  commands  a  view  of  Bantam  Lake.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  or  4  churehes,  a  national  bank,  a 
private  asylum  for  the  insane,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1058.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Naugatuck  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Shepaug 
River.     Nickel  is  found  here.    Pop.  of  the  township,  3304. 

Litchfield,  a  city  of  Montgomery  co.,  HI.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis «k  St.  Louis  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur,  50  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  about  45  miles  S.  of  Springfield.  It  is  situated 
on  a  fertile,  undulating  prairie,  and  is  the  most  populous 
town  in  the  county.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  high  school, 
an  Ursuline  convent  and  academy,  a  Catholic  hospital,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  banking  houses,  2  steam  flouring-mills, 
several  grain-elevators,  and  workshops  of  the  Indianapolis 
«fc  St.  Louis  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1S90,  5811. 

Litchfield,  Kentucky.    See  Leitchfield. 

Litchfield,  a  post-township  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  Pop.  1506.  It  oonteins  vil- 
lagef  named  Litchfield  Corners  and  Litchfield  Plains,  and 


has  a  manufactory  of  forks  and  hoes.    Litchfield  Poet-Offio* 
is  12  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta. 

Litchfield,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  township,  Hills- 
dale CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  53  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Lansing,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Hillsdale.  It  contains 
a  bank,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
flour-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  on  the 
Lansing  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1890,  601 ;  of  the  township,  1714. 

Litchfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn., 
in  Litchfield  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railro.id, 
78  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile,  undu- 
lating country,  diversified  with  numerous  small  lakes.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  grain- elevator,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  tannery,  and  an  emigrant-house.  Several  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1899. 

Litchfield,  a  hamlet  in  Litchfield  township,  Hills- 
borough CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River, 
7  miles  N.  of  Nashua,  opposite  Thornton's  Ferry.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  345. 

Litchfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Litchfield  township,  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  has  7  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese  and  lime.  The  dairy -business  is  the  principal 
interest  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1250. 

Litchfield,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  township,  Me- 
dina CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  pop.  of  860. 

Litchfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Litchfield  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Athens.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  75. 

Litchfield,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 
Its  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats,  corn,  and  butter.  Pop. 
1256.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Litchfield. 

Litchfield  Comers,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  town- 
ship, Kennebec  oo..  Me.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Litchfield  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  in  Litchfield  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta. 

Lit'church,  a  S.E.  suburb  of  the  town  of  Derby,  Eng- 
land, within  the  parliamentary  borough.     Pop.  11,093. 

Li'ter,  or  Li'terberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
HI.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of  it* 
post-office  is  Liter. 

Literna  Pains,  the  ancient  name  of  Patria. 

Lith,  lit,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra 
bant,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc,  on  the  Meuse. 

Lithada,  a  cape  of  Greece.     See  Cape  Lithada. 

Lithang,  lee't  hing',  or  Litang,  lee'ting',  a  town  of 
Thibet,  47  miles  W.  of  the  confines  of  the  Chinese  province 
of  Se-Chuen.  Lat.  30"  2'  N.;  Ion.  99°  50'  E.  It  is  built 
on  the  sides  of  a  hiU  rising  in  an  extensive  but  barren 

{>lain.  It  has  2  large  lamaseries,  in  one  of  which  is  a  press 
or  printing  books,  and  a  trade  in  gold-dust,  chaplets  of 
black  beads,  and  bowls  formed  from  the  roots  of  tne  vine 
and  the  box-tree. 

Lith'erland,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  6 
miles  N.  of  Liverpool.     Pop.  2214. 

Lith'gow,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Litho'nia,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1182. 

Lith^op'olis,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  Winchester  Station  on  the  Columbus  Jb  Hockiug 
Valley  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  man- 
ufactures of  furniture  and  monuments.     Pop.  in  1890,  369. 

Lithuania,  lith-u-&'ne-a  (Polish,  Lihoa,  lit'^&:  Ger 
lAttauen,  or  LitKauen,  lit-tSw'^n ;  Fr.  Lithuanie,  leeHii^i*- 
nee'),  an  ancient  territory  of  Europe,  formerly  bounded  N. 
by  Courland,  E.  by  Russia,  S.  by  Poland,  and  W.  by  Prus- 
sia. This  territory,  which  in  the  eleventh  century  was 
tributary  to  Russia,  threw  off  the  yoke  in  the  thirteenth 
century  and  became  a  grand  duchy.  One  of  its  sovereigns, 
called  Jagellon,  by  marrying  the  Polish  princess  Hedwig, 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  became  King  of  Poland,  and 
thus  united  the  grand  duchy  to  that  kingdom.  On  the 
first  partition  of  Poland,  in  1773,  a  considerable  portion 
of  Lithuania  was  appropriated  by  Russia  and  formed  into 
the  governments  of  Moheelev  smd  Vitebsk.  By  the  subse- 
quent partitions  of  Poland,  in  1793  and  1795,  Russia  ob- 
tained as  much  of  Lithuania  as  formed  the  governments  of 
Wilna,  Grodno,  and  Minsk,  while  Prussia  obtained  a  por- 
tion now  included  in  the  government  of  Gumbinnen,  Eatt 


1.IT 


1666 


LIT 


Prussia.  Lithuania  is  generally  a  level  country,  with  much 
fenny  land,  heath,  and  forest.  Its  people  in  part  speak  the 
Lithuanian  language,  one  of  a  remarkable  group  called 

the  Lettio  tongues. ^Adj.  and  inhab.  Lithuanian,  lith- 

u-i'n9-§,n. 
Litiu,  or  Litinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Littn. 
Litiz,   lit'its,   a  post-borough  in  Warwick  township, 
Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.    It  has  several  boarding-schools 
and  seminaries,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  o£5ce,  2  hotels,  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  flour,  coaches,  ma- 
chinery, cigars,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  1494. 
Litorale,  Austria.    See  KUstenland. 

liitry^)  a  town  of  France.     See  Littry. 

Littau,  lit'tSw  (Moravian,  Littowle,  lit-tov'li),  a  town 
of  Moravia,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  3127, 
mostly  engaged  in  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  paper, 
muslin,  and  hosiery. 

Littaueu,  or  liithuanie.    See  Lithuania. 

LitUermore',  or  LetHermore')  an  island  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  in  Kilkerran  Bay. 

Lit^termul'liu,  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  and  27  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Galway,  is  about  1  mile  long. 

Little  Arichat,  i^re^shit',  a  maritime  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Isle  Madame,  a  short  distance  W.  of  Arichat.  It 
has  beds  of  coal,  and  is  several  miles  in  length.    Pop.  1600. 

liittle  Arkan'sas  River^  of  Kansas,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Rice  and  McPherson  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Arkansas  River  in  Sedgwick  co.  at  Wichita.  It  is  about 
125  miles  long. 

Lit'tle  Bar'ren,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Basses,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Basses. 

Little  Bay,  a  fishing  settlement  on  La  Poile  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  2  miles  from  La  Poile.     Pop.  114. 

Little  Bay,  a  post- village  in  Kings  oo..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  42  miles  from  Charlottetown. 

Little  Bay,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the  W.  side  of  Pla- 
centia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  6  miles  from  Burin.    Pop.  130. 

Little  Bay  Island,  an  island  and  fishing  settlement 
in  the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  at 
the  entrance  to  Hall's  Bay,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tilt  Cove. 
Pop.  250. 

Little  Bays,  two  fishing  hamlets  in  Newfoundland,  h\ 
miles  from  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  126. 

Little  Bear,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Little  Beaver,  bee'v^r,  post-office,  Douglas  co..  Mo. 

Little  Beaver,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Ohio  line.     Pop.  1072.     It  contains  Enon  "Valley. 

Little  Beaver  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Mahoning  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Columbiana  co.,  and  enters  the 
Ohio  River  2  miles  above  East  Liverpool. 

Little  Becskerek,  Hungary.    See  Kis-Bbcskebek. 

Little  Belt.     See  Belts,  Great  and  Little. 

Little  Ber'ger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo., 
about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Hermann. 

Little  Black,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Little  Black  River,  about  70  miles  S.  of  Ironton. 

Little  Black  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Republic  co., 
runs  E.  into  Washington  oo.,  and  enters  Little  Blue  River. 

Little  Black  River,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Ripley 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Current  River  in 
Randolph  co..  Ark. 

Little  Blue,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  816. 

Little  Blue,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  There  is  also  a  Little  Blue 
Station  on  the  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Little  Blue,  a  post-office  of  Adams  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Blue  River,  13  miles  S.  of  Juniata. 

Little  Blue  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Rush  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  enters  the  Big  Blue  at  Shelbyville. 

Little  Blue  River,  Missouri,  intersects  Jackson  co., 
runsin  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Missouri. 

Little  Blue  River,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  state,  and  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction.  It  intersects  the 
COS.  of  Adams,  Clay,  Thayer,  and  Jefferson,  from  the  last 
of  which  it  passes  into  the  state  of  Kansas.  It  enters  the 
Big  Blue  River  in  Marshall  co.,  about  1  mile  above  Blue 
Rapids.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Little  Bow  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Gouvemeur.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Little  Bras  d'Or,  bri'dor,  a  strait  of  Cape  Breton 
Island,  communicating  at  the  N.E.  end  with  the  sea,  and 
on  the  S.W.  with  the  Bras  d'Or.  It  is  separated  from  the 
main  entrance  to  the  Bras  d'Or  by  Boularderie  Island. 


Little  Bras  d'Or,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Little  Bras  d'Or,  4  miles  from  Sydney 
Mines,  and  20  miles  from  Baddeck.  It  contains  3  stores. 
Steamers  plying  on  Bras  d'Or  Lake  call  here.     Pop.  200. 

Little  Bra'zos,  Tezas,  a  small  stream  which  inter- 
sects Robertson  co.,  running  parallel  with  the  Brazos  River, 
which  it  enters  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bryan. 

Little  Brew'ster  Island,  at  the  N.  side  of  the  en- 
trance to  Boston  harbor,  Mass.  It  contains  a  revolving 
light,  82  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  42°  19'  48" 
N. ;  Ion.  70°  53'  30"  W. 

Little  Britain,  brit'an,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part 
of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1586.     It  contains  Oak  Hill. 

Little  Britain,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Lindsay.  It  contains  4  stores,  a  saw-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  &c.     Pop.  330. 

Little  Buctonche,  b&kHoosh',  a  village  in  Kent  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Buctouche.     Pop.  400. 

Little  Bush'kill  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  falls  into 
Bushkill  Creek  in  Pike  co. 

Little  Buttes,  bats,  a  station  on  the  Denver  in  Rio 
Grande  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  South  Pueblo,  Col. 

Lit'tleby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico.  It  has 
a  church. 

Little  Cac'apon,  a  station  in  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Ya., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Han- 
cock, Md.,  and  on  Little  Caoapon  River,  near  the  Potomac. 

Little  Canada,  Minnesota.    See  New  Canada. 

Little  Ca'ney,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  448. 

Little  Caramons',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  near  Great  Carimons. 

Little  Cashgar,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Chitral. 

Little  Catali'na,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Catalina.     Pop.  270. 

Little  Catawba  River,  N.O.    See  Catawba. 

Little  Ce'dar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
Little  Cedar  River,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Osage. 

Little  Cedar  River,  Iowa,  runs  southward  through 
Mitchell  and  Floyd  cos.,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  at 
Nashua,  Chickasaw  co. 

Little  Cha'zy  River,  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.Y.,  falls  into 
Lake  Chainplain. 

Little  Chuck'y,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Chute,  shoot,  a  post-village  of  Outagamie  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Appleton.  It  has  a  church.  Little 
Chute  Station  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western 
Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

Little  Clay  Mick',  a  post-office  of  Licking  co.,  0. 

Lit'tle  Clear'field  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  falls 
into  Clearfield  Creek  in  Clearfield  co. 

Little  Coal  River,  West  Virginia,  runs  northward 
through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  the  Coal  River  in  Kanawha 
CO.,  about  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Albans. 

Little  Cobb,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 

Little  Co'co  Island,  an  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
lies  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  the  Great  Coco.  Lat.  (centre) 
13°  58'  30"  N.     The  island  is  about  2i  miles  long. 

Little  Cohar'ie,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.   P.  1235. 

Little  Comp'ton,  apost-hamlet  in  Compton township, 
Carroll  oo..  Mo.,  1  mile  W.  of  Grand  River,  and  about  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick.  The  township  has  5  churches. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Little  Compton,  a  post-township  of  Newport  co.,  R.I., 
is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Newport.  It 
is  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  state.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  and 
a  valuable  fishery  at  Seaconnet  Point.     Pop.  1156. 

Little  Coo'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  13  miles  N.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has  a  church  and  ;i 
cheese-box  factory. 

Little  Cot'tonwood,  a  station  in  Salt  Lake  cu., 
Utah,  on  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Salt 
Lake  City. 

Little  Cottonwood  River,  Minnesota,  runs  nearly 
eastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  enters  the  Minnesota 
River  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Blue  Earth  co. 

Little  Crab,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Crab'tree,  township,  Yancey  co.,  N.C.     P.  483. 

Little  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  bounded  E. 
by  Delaware  Bay.     Pop.  1892. 

Little  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  the  south- 
westernmost  in  the  state.     Pop.  3770.     It  contains  Laurel. 

Little  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga. 

Little  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Kv. 


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liittle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  N.C. 

liittle  Creek  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co., 
Del.,  on  Delaware  Bay,  4i  miles  B.  of  Dover.  It  has  a 
thurch  and  a  cannery. 

Little  Cumania,  Hungary.    See  Cumania. 

Little  Cum'berland  Islands,  S.  side  of  the  en- 
trance to  Satilla  River,  Georgia.  Lat.  .30°  58'  .30"  N. ;  Ion. 
81°  37'  W. 

Little  Cura^oa,  ku-ra-so'a,  a  small  island  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Curapoa,  in  lat.  12° 
2'  N.,  Ion.  68°  38'  W. 

Little  Cur'rent,  or  Shaftesbury,  shafts'b^r-re,  a 
post-village  of  Ontario,  on  Great  Manitoulin  Island,  in 
Lake  Huron,  140  miles  N.W.  of  CoUingwood.  It  is  a  land- 
ing of  the  mail-steamers,  contains  2  stores,  and  has  a  light- 
house.  Lat.  45°  59'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  81°  47'  40"  W.    Pop.  150. 

Little  Cuyahoga  (ki-a-ho'ga)  River,  Ohio,  joins 
the  main  stream  in  Summit  co.,  near  Akron. 

Little  Cy'press,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles 
B.  of  Paducah. 

Little  Dar'by  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southeastward 
through  Madison  co.,  and  enters  Darby  Creek  in  the  W. 
part  of  Franklin  co. 

Little  Doe,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Dutch,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Little  Eau  Claire  (o-klair')  River,  a  small  stream 
of  Marathon  co.,  "Wis.,  flows  S.W.  into  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Little  Eegholin,  Denmark.     See  Eegholm. 

Little  Egg  Har'bor,  a  township  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  on  Great  Bay  and  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay.  Pop. 
1779.     It  contains  Tuckerton. 

Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  New 
Jersey,  between  New  Inlet  and  Barnegat  Bay.  Length, 
about  10  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  3^  or  4  miles. 

Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  of  New  Jersey,  is  formed 
by  several  small  branches,  which  unite  at  Pleasant  Mills. 
Pursuing  a  southeasterly  course,  it  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Burlington  and  Atlantic  cos.,  and  flows  through 
Great  Bay  into  the  ocean.  It  is  navigable  by  schooners  25 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Little  Elk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  40 
miles  W.  of  Albany. 

Little  Elk'hart  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  La  Grange 
00.,  runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  at  Bristol. 

Little  Elm,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Piano,  and  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dallas.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Little  E'quinunk,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  IJ  miles  from  Hankin's  Station.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  tannery. 

Little  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morrison  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  Little  Falls 
A  Dakota  Branch,  106  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  33  miles 
N.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
and  several  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  508 ;  in  1890,  2354. 

Little  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Little  Falls  township, 
Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  the  Morris  Canal, 
the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  and 
the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Paterson.  It  has  water-power  and  some  manufactures. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1282. 

Little  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Mohawk  River,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  73i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Al- 
bany, and  21i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Utica.  The  river  here 
passes  through  a  narrow  rocky  gorge,  and  falls  about  44  feet 
in  the  course  of  two-thirds  of  a  mile,  affording  abundant 
water-power.  The  dwellings  are  built  on  steep  declivities, 
commanding  a  view  of  picturesque  scenery.  Little  Falls 
contains  8  churches,  a  bank,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  an 
academy,  a  cotton-factory,  2  paper-mills,  a  starch -factory,  2 
woollen-mills,  an  axe-factory,  2  knitting-mills,  a  foundry, 
Ac.  The  village  is  mostly  in  Little  Falls  township,  but 
partly  in  Manheim.     Pop.  (1890)  8783  ;  of  township,  7512. 

Little  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington, 
en  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  (Pacific  division),  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Kalama. 

Little  Falls,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
613.     It  contains  the  village  of  Cataract. 

Little  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on  Apple 
River,  6  miles  E.  of  Deer  Park  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Little  Falls,  New  Brunswick.     See  Edmundston. 

Little  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
he  Hackensaok  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  brick-yard. 


Little  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Carlisle  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  2  stores,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Little  Flat  Rock  Creek,  Indiana,  flows  into  the 
Flat  Rock  7  miles  N.W.  of  Greensburg. 

Little  Fo'go  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  6 
miles  N.  of  Fogo  Island,  Newfoundland. 

Little  Forks,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Maccan  Ixtervale. 

Littlefort,  Illinois.     See  Waukegan. 

Little  France,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Central  Square. 

Little  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  AUentown. 

Little  Gen^esee',  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Genesee  township,  about  75  miles  W.  of  Elmira. 
It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  about  30 
houses. 

Little  Georgetown,  post-office,  Berkeley  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Little  Glace  (glass)  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Cape 
Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  17  miles  E.  of 
Sydney.  Here  are  vast  beds  of  coal;  300  hands  are  em- 
ployed in  the  mines  of  one  company.  It  has  a  Spanish 
and  an  American  consulate,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Little  Glogau,  glo'gSw,  or  Upper  Glogan,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Hotzen- 
plotz.     Pop.  3760. 

Little  Grant,  a  post-township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis., 
about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     Pop.  708. 

Little  Green  Lake,  in  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  lies  about 
4  miles  S.  of  Green  Lake.  It  is  1^  miles  long  and  1  mile 
wide.  Its  waters  are  deep  and  pure,  and  the  scenery  around 
is  picturesque.  On  the  N.  side  for  more  than  a  mile  the 
shore  is  composed  of  white  sandstone,  rising  in  some  places 
like  a  wall  70  or  80  feet  in  height. 

Little  Gun'powder,  post-office,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Little  Guyandotte,  ghran-dott',  a  river  in  West 
Virginia,  falls  into  the  Ohio  after  forming  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Mason  and  Cabell  cos. 

Littlehamp'ton,  a  maritime  town  and  watering-place 
of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Arundel. 
Rope-making  and  ship-building  are  carried  on,  and  there  is 
an  iron-foundry.  The  harbor,  formed  by  the  Arun,  is  de- 
fended by  a  fort.    Pop.  3272. 

Little  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pictou  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  8  miles  from  New  Glas- 
gow. There  are  freestone-  and  millstone-quarries  in  the 
vicinity.    Pop.  200. 

Little  Harbor,  a  hamlet  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  27  miles  from  Shelburne.     P.  150. 

Little  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  35  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Little  Hick'man,  a  post-office  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky. 

Little  Hockhock'ing  (or  Hock'ing),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Mari- 
etta A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Belpre.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Little  Horn  River  rises  in  the  Big  Horn  Mountains 
in  the  N.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  northward,  and  enters 
the  Big  Horn  in  Montana,  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Little  Horse  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co., 
Wyoming. 

Little  Hum'boldt  River,  a  stream  of  Humboldt  co., 
Nev.,  flows  W.  and  then  S.,  in  a  district  called  Paradise 
Valley,  and  joins  Humboldt  River  above  Winnemucca. 

Little  Indian,  in'de-an,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Cass  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  A  Jacksonville  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Little  Island,  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  in 
the  harbor,  4  miles  E.  of  the  city. 

Little  Java,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Bali. 

Little  Judique,  zhii^eek',  a  post- village  in  Inverness 
CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  GuK  of  St.  Lawrence,  8 
miles  S.  of  Port  Hood.     Pop.  300. 

Little  Juniata,  Pennsylvania.    See  Juniata. 

Little  Kanawha  (ka-naw'w%)  River,  West  Vir- 
ginia,  drains  part  of  Braxton  oo.,  runs  westward  through 
Calhoun  co.  and  northwestward  through  Wirt  and  Wood 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Parkersburg,  after  a  course 
of  about  150  miles.  It  traverses  a  fertile  country,  in  wh^h 
bituminous  coal  abounds. 

Little  Lake,  a  village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  in  Little 
Lake  township,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a 
saw-mill  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  946.  Here 
is  Willits  Post-Office. 

Little  Lake,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  between 
the  parishes  of  Jefferson  and  La  Fourche,  is  connected  by 
short  outlets  with  Barataria  Bay.     Length,  about  7  miles 


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Little  Lake,  a  station  in  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of  Escanaba. 
Here  are  extensive  lumber-,  shingle-,  and  lath-works. 
Little  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich. 
Little  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Wis. 
Little  Lakes,  a   hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Warren  township,  3  miles  from  Richfield  Springs.     It  has 
a  church.     Here  is  Warren  Post-Office. 

Little  Lorain,  lo-ran',  or  Loran,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Cape  Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  100. 

Little  Lot,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Lit'tle  Loy'alsock  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Loyalsock 
Creek,  in  Sullivan  co.,  Pa. 

Little  Mack'inaw,  a  township  of  Tazewell  co.,  111. 
Pop.  1256.     It  contains  Minier. 

Little  Ma^hanoy',  a  township  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa,     Pop.  269. 

Little  Maho'ning  Creek  drains  the  N.  part  of  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  Mahoning  Creek. 

Little  Marsh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y. 

Little  Meadows,  med'oz,  a  post-village  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  about  46  miles  N.N.W.  of  Scranton.     P.  133. 

Little  Mi^am'i  River,  Ohio,  riseib  in  Clark  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  intersects  the  cos.  of  Greene  and  War- 
ren. Its  general  direction  is  S.S.W.  It  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Clermont  and  Hamilton,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  about  8  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It 
is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Little  Miquelon.     See  Lanolet  Island. 

Little  Missouri  (mis-soo'r?)  River,  Arkansas,  runs 
southeastward  through  Pike  co.,  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Clarke  and  Nevada  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ouachita 
River  about  16  miles  N.  of  Camden.     Length,  150  miles. 

Little  Missouri  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri, 
rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  northward, 
touching  Montana  and  South  Dakota,  finally  traversing 
North  Dakota  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  and  entering 
the  Missouri  River  in  the  last-named  state  near  lat.  47° 
40'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles.  Its  mouth  is 
1830  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Little  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ey.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Little  Moun'tain,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Columbia  co.,  S.  of  and  parallel  to  Catawissa  Mountain. 

Little  Mountain,  a  post-bamlet  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  about 
6  miles  S.  of  Painesville. 

Little  Mud'dy  Creek,  Illinois,  drains  part  of  Jeffer- 
«on  CO.,  runs  southward,  forms  the  bounaary  between 
Franklin  and  Perry  cos.,  and  enters  the  Big  Muddy  about 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Carbondale. 

Lit'tle  Mun'cy  Creek,  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  flows 
into  Muncy  Creek  a  few  miles  above  Pennsborough. 

Little  Muskingum  (mus-king'gum)  River,  Ohio, 
rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs  southwestward  in  Washington  co., 
and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  5  miles  above  Marietta. 

Little  Nar'rows,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victoria  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Patrick's  Channel,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Whycocomah.     Pop.  150. 

Little  Neck,  a  post- village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Flushing  township,  on  the  Flushing  &  North  Side  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Flushing.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
stores,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Little  Nemaha  (nem'a-haw)  River,  Nebraska,  rises 
near  the  E.  border  of  Lancaster  co.,  runs  southeastward 
through  the  cos.  of  Otoe  and  Nemaha,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
souri River  7  miles  S.  of  Brownville.    Length,  90  miles. 

Little  Niangua,  ni^an'gwa,  a  post-office  of  Camden 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Little  Niangua  River. 

Little  Niangua  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  Dallas  co., 
runs  northward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Niangua 
River  in  Camden  co.,  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Little  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  7i  miles 
S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Little  Obion  (o'bg-on)  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in 
Graves  co.,  runs  northwestward  and  then  southwestward 
through  Hickman  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  in 
Fulton  CO.,  about  5  miles  above  Hickman. 

Little  Ocmulgee  (ok-mfil'ghee)  River,  Georgia, 
runs  S.E.  through  Dodge  co.,  forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of 
Telfair  co.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee  at  Lumber  City. 

Little  O'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Douglas 
township,  nearly  1  mile  from  Colebrookdale  Station,  and  7 
miles  -N.  of  Pottstown.     It  has  several  mills. 


Little  O^sage',  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Little  Osage  River,  11  miles  N.  of  Nevada.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Little  Osage  River  rises  in  Kansas,  and  runs  east- 
ward through  Bourbon  co.  of  that  state,  from  which  it 
passes  into  Vernon  co..  Mo.  It  enters  the  Osage  River  14 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  Nevada.     Length,  90  miles. 

Little  Ot'ter,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W,  Va. 

Little  Pabos,  pi^boce',  a  hamlet  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  4  miles  E.  of  Grand  Pabos. 

Little  Paternosters.    See  Balabalagan. 

Little  Pigeon  (pu'un)  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  south- 
westward,  forms  nearly  the  entire  boundary  between  the 
COS.  of  Spencer  and  Warrick,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in 
the  latter  county. 

Little  Pine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Little  Piney,  a  hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  1^  miles 
from  Jerome  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Little  Pi'ney  Creek,  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  enters  the 
Gasconade  from  the  right. 

Little  Placentia,  pla-8in'she-%,  a  post-town  on  an 
arm  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  N.  of  Pla- 
centia.    Its  people  are  engaged  in  farming  and  fishing. 

LittlePlymonth,plim'&th,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and 
Queen  co.,  Va.,  7  miles  N.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church. 

Little  Point,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Little  Poolo  Lant  Islands.    See  Laurot. 

Little  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Volga  River,  7  miles  S.  of  El  Kader,  and  on  the  Turkey 
River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Clinton  i,  Dubuque  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  Turkey  River  Junction. 

Lit'tleport  Fen,  England,  oo.  of  Cambridge,  com- 
prises about  28,000  acres,  and  is  drained  by  steam-engines. 

Little  Pow'der  River  rises  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming, 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Powder  River  in  Big  Horn 
CO.,  Montana. 

Little  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga. 

Little  Prairie,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  oo.,  Mo.  P.  492. 

Little  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis., 
in  Troy  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Eagle  Station,  and  about 
36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Little  Prairie  Ronde,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co., 
Mich.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, a  nursery,  and  a  tannery. 

Little  Rac^coon'  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southwest- 
ward in  Parke  co.,  and  enters  Raccoon  Creek  about  10  miles 
S.  of  Rockville. 

Little  Raisin  (r&'z'n)  River,  a  stream  of  Michigan, 
flows  into  the  Raisin  River  near  Dundee,  in  Monroe  oo. 

Little  Rap'ids,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co..  Wis. 

Little  Red,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Little  Red  River,  Arkansas,  is  formed  by  two 
branches,  which  unite  in  Van  Buren  co.  It  runs  south- 
eastward through  White  co.,  and  enters  the  White  River 
on  the  boundary  between  White  and  Woodruff  cos.  The 
main  stream  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Little  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  <ibout 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Little  Rhoe,  an  islet  of  the  Shetlands,  near  Rhoe. 

Little  Rideau,  reM5',  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Long  Sault  Rapids,  Ottawa  River,  5  miles 
below  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  200. 

Little  River,  Alabama,  runs  southwestward  in  Cher- 
okee 00.,  and  enters  Coosa  River  5  miles  N.E.  of  Centre. 

Little  River,  Alabama,  flows  into  Alabama  River  at 
the  S.W.  extremity  of  Monroe  co. 

Little  River,  Arkansas,  drains  part  of  the  Indian 
Territory,  runs  southeastward  into  Arkansas,  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Little  River  and  Sevier,  and 
enters  the  Red  River  about  4  miles  above  Fulton  Station. 

Little  River,  Georgia,  runs  eastward  and  northeast- 
ward, drains  parts  of  Lincoln  and  Wilkes  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Savannah  River  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Columbia  co. 

Little  River,  Lowndes  co.,  Gki.,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  the  Withlaooochee  at  Troupville. 

Little  River,  Georgia,  an  affluent  of  the  Oconee,  rises 
in  Morgan  co.,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  the  latter  river 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Milledgeville. 

Little  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Allen  co.,  runs  S.W., 
and  enters  the  Wabash  River  2  miles  S.W.  of  Huntington. 

Little  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Christian  co.,  runs 
nearly  westward  in  Trigg  co.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland 
River  about  10  miles  W.  of  Cadiz. 

Little  River,  Louisiana,  is  formed  by  the  Dugdemona 
River  and  Bayou  Castor,  which  unite  on  the  E.  border  of 
AVinn  parish.     It  runs  southeastward  into  Catahoula  Lake, 


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from  whioli  it  reissues,  and,  after  it  has  traversed  Catahoula 
parish,  enters  the  Ouachita  River. 

Little  River,  a  small  stream  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  joins 
the  Merrimao  at  Haverhill. 

liittle  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Moore  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Cumberland  co.,  and  enters  the  Cape 
Fear  River  on  the  S.  border  of  Harnett  co. 

Little  River,  North  Carolina,  an  affluent  of  Yadkin 
River,  rises  in  Randolph  co.,  and  enters  that  river  near  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Richmond  co. 

Little  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Wake  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Johnston  co.,  and  enters  the  Neuse 
River  in  Wayne  co.,  2  or  3  miles  W.  of  Qoldsborough.  It  is 
about  80  miles  long. 

Little  River,  South  Carolina,  runs  southward  through 
Abbeville  co.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  that  county. 

Little  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Chester  oo.,  and 
flows  S.  through  Fairfield  into  Broad  River. 

Little  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Laurens  co., 
and  flows  S.E.  through  Newberry  co.  into  Saluda  River. 

Little  River,  East  Tennessee,  rises  at  the  base  of  the 
Smoky  Mountain,  in  Blount  co.,  and,  flowing  through  that 
county  in  a  W.N.W,  direction,  enters  the  Holston  River 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Little  River,  Texas,  is  formed  by  the  Leon  River  and 
Lampasas  Creek,  which  unite  in  Bell  co.  It  runs  eastward 
through  Milam  co.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River  about  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Hearne. 

Little  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  is  a  small 
affluent  of  Goose  Creek,  in  Loudoun  co. 

Little  River,  a  southwestern  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Texas.  Area,  about  547  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  Red  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Little  River,  which 
enters  Red  River  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Texarkana  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad. 
Capital,  Richmond.  This  county  was  formed  in  1867  of 
parts  of  Hempstead  and  Sevier  cos.  Pop.  in  1870,  3236: 
in  1880,  6404;  in  1890,  8903. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Little  River. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Little  River  co..  Ark. 

Little  River,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  158. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  oo.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
S.  of  Leon. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     P.  195. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Little  River  Valley  &  Arkansas  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  New  Madrid. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co.,  Mo.    P.  128. 

Little  River,  post-township,  Alexander  co.,  N.C.  P.  635. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.    P.  888. 

Little  River,  a  township,  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.  P.  415. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.     P.  1553. 

Little  River,  township,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C.  P.  403. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1315. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Lawrence  CO.,  Pa.    P.  1072. 

Little  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  is  2 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  40  miles  S.  of  Whites- 
ville,  N.C.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.  Pop.  of  Little 
River  township,  951. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Little  River,  or  Saint  Francois  Xavier,  s4n» 
frfiNo^swi'  zi-ve-i',  a  village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  30 
miles  N.  of  St.  Thomas  East.  It  contains  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Little  River  Acad'emy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.C,  on  Little  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville. 
It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Little  River  Har'bor,  Maine,  E.  of  Machias  Bay. 
Lat.  44°  33'  N.j  Ion.  67°  6'  W. 

Little  Rocher,  ro^shair',  a  post-hamlet  in  Albert  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  12  miles  S.  of  Hope- 
well Cape.     Pop.  250. 

Little  Rock,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Arkansas  and  of 
Pulaski  CO.,  is  situated  on  the  rigat  or  southern  bank  of  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  280  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  34° 
42'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  16'  W.  By  railroad  it  is  134  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Memphis,  and  345  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  and 
is  a  terminus  of  the  following  railroads,  viz.,  the  Memphis 
&  Little  Rock,  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith,  the  Little 


Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas,  and  the  Altheimer  Branch 
of  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern.  Little  Rock  is  the  most 
populous  city  in  the  state,  and  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a 
nigh  bank  or  rocky  blufi"  which  commands  an  extensive 
view  and  is  the  first  high  land  that  touches  the  river  above 
its  mouth.  Large  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this 
place  during  8  months  in  each  year,  and  small  steamboats 
can  navigate  it  from  Little  Rock  to  Fort  Smith,  300  miles. 
This  city  is  the  seat  of  the  United  States  District  Court 
for  the  state,  and  contains  the  state-house,  the  state  library, 
a  masonic  temple,  a  university,  a  medical  college,  5  liter- 
ary male  colleges,  2  female  colleges  (1  Catholic),  3  national 
banks,  9  private  banks,  38  churches,  2  high  schools,  6 
public  schools,  and  98  manufacturing  plants.  The  peni- 
tentiary is  located  here,  as  is  also  the  state  lunatic  asylum, 
the  school  for  the  blind,  and  the  deaf-mute  institute.  The 
city  is  lighted  by  electricity,  has  water-works  with  4,000,000 
gallons  per  day  capacity,  22  miles  of  electric  street-railway, 
and  2  bridges  spanning  the  Arkansas  River.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  who  presides  over  the  states 
of  Arkansas  and  Texas.  Several  daily  and  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1860,  3727;  in  1870, 
12,380;  in  1880,  13,138;  in  1890,  25,874. 

Little  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Little  Rock  township, 
Kendall  co.,  111.,  about  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  cheese- factories. 

Little  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Mo. 

Little  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  22 
miles  N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Little  Rock  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mitchell  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  397. 

Little  Rock  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  White  BluflF  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Little  Russia,  that  part  of  Russia  lying  S.  of  Great 
Russia.  It  comprises  the  governments  of  Kharkov,  Kiev, 
Poltava,  and  Chernigov.  Area,  80,226  square  miles.  The 
Little  Russian  language  (also  called  Malo-Russian)  is  sub- 
stantially identical  with  that  of  the  Russniaks  or  Ruthe- 
nians  of  Poland  and  Austria-Hungary.     Pop.  7,635,361. 

Little's,  lit'tl'z,  a  station  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  & 
Nashua  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Nashua,  N.H. 

Little  Sac  River  rises  in  Greene  co.,  Missouri,  runs 
northwestward  through  Polk  co.,  and  enters  the  Sac  River 
in  Cedar  co. 

Little  Saint  Joseph's  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  in 
Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  and,  passing  into  Ohio,  enters  the  St. 
Joseph's  River  of  the  Maumee. 

Little  Saint  Lawrence,  a  fishing  settlement,  with 
a  fine  harbor,  on  the  W.  side  of  Placcntia  Bay,  Newfound- 
land, 13  miles  S.W.  of  Burin. 

Little  Saline  Creek,  Missouri.    See  Saline  Creek. 

Little  Salt  Creek,  of  Indiana,  enters  Salt  Creek  in 
the  S.E.  part  of  Monroe  co. 

Little  Sands,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  35  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Little  San'dusky,  a  post-village  in  Pitt  township, 
Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  2. miles  from 
Fowler  Railroad  Station,  and  about  28  miles  S.  of  Tiffin. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Little  San'dy,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  oo.,  Ky. 

Little  Sandy  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Oswego  oo., 
N.Y.,  falls  into  the  E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Little  Satil'la  (or  Santilla)  River,  Georgia,  rises 
in  Appling  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Satilla 
River  in  Wayne  co. 

Little  Sank,  sawk, a  post-hamlet  in  Little  Sauk  town- 
ship, Todd  CO.,  Minn.,  on  Sauk  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Sauk 
Centre.     Pop.  327. 

Little  Schuylkill  (skool'kll)  River,  Pennsylvania, 
rises  in  Schuylkill  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the 
Schuylkill  River  at  Port  Clinton. 

Little  Scioto  (si-o'to)  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Jackson 
CO.,  runs  southward  in  Scioto  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
about  8  miles  above  Portsmouth. 

Little's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Hayfield  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles  W.  of  Saegerstown.  It  haa  a 
church. 

Little  Sel'dom  Come-By,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the 
S.  side  of  Fogo  Island,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Fogo. 

Little  Sen'eca,  a  station  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rook- 
ville,  Md. 

Little  ScAV'el  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier 
CO.,  W.  Va. 

Little  Shemogue,  she-mog',  a  post-hamlet  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Little  Shemogue  River, 


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9  miles  N.  of  Bale  Verte.   It  has  2  churches,  a  store,  5  saw- 
mills, and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Little  Sioux,  soo,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Sioux, 
about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  is  in  Little 
Sioux  township,  and  li  miles  from  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific 
Railroad  (River  Sioux  Station).  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  780. 

Little  Sioux,  township,  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  676. 

Little  Sioux  River,  Iowa,  rises  very  near  the  N. 
border  of  the  state,  and  drains  parts  of  Osceola  and  Clay 
COS.  It  runs  southwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Cherokee 
and  Woodbury,  and  southward  through  Monona  co.,  and 
enters  the  Missouri  River  about  16  miles  S.  of  Onawa  City. 
It  is  nearly  300  miles  long.  Its  West  Fork  drains  part  of 
Plymouth  co.,  runs  southward  through  Woodbury  oo.,  and 
enters  the  main  stream  about  5  miles  E.  of  Onawa  City. 

Little's  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C., 
about  65  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  high  school. 

Little's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Little  So'dus  Bay,  an  inlet  extending  from  the  S. 
shore  of  Lake  Ontario  about  3J  miles  into  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y. 
Tt  receives  Little  Sodus  River. 

Little  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

Littlestown,  lit't^lz-tSwn,  a  post-borough  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  Conewago  Valley,  on  a  railroad  connecting 
it  with  Hanover  and  with  Frederick,  Md.,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Gettysburg,  and  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  6  churches,  6  cigar-fac- 
tories, 5  coach-factories,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  913. 

Little  Stnr'geon,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Door  co., 
Wis.,  on  Green  Bay,  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oconto. 

Little  Suamico,  swam'^-ko,  a  post- village  and  town- 
ship of  Oconto  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Little  Suamico  River,  at 
its  entrance  into  Green  Bay,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  North- 
western Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 
It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  912. 

Little  Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Cape  Fear  River. 

Littlesville,  lit'tflz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co., 
Ala.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Houston.     It  has  2  stores. 

Little  TaPlapoo'sa  River  rises  in  CarroU  co.,  Ga., 
runs  southwestward  in  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the 
Tallapoosa  River  about  6  miles  W.  of  Wedowee. 

Little  Tan'cook,  an  island  in  Chester  Basin,  Lunen- 
burg CO.,  Nova  Scotia. 

Little  Ten'nessee'  River  rises  near  the  N.  border 
of  Georgia,  and  runs  northward  through  Macon  co.,  N.C. 
Turning  westward,  it  passes  into  East  Tennessee,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Blount  and  Monroe  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Holston  River  about  7  miles  above  Loudon,  Tenn.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Little  Tex'as,  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 

Little  Thibet,  a  state  of  Asia.    See  Bqlti. 

Lit'tle  To'by's  Creek,  of  Elk  co.,Pa.,  is  an  affluent 
of  Clarion  River. 

Littleton,  lit't^l-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Arapahoe  co., 
Col.,  on  the  South  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Denver.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Littleton,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in  Lit- 
tleton township,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rushville,  and  about 
50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quinoy.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  brooms  and  pumps.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1140. 

Littleton,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wichita. 

Littleton,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.  Pop. 
700.     Littleton  Post-Office  is  6  miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

Littleton,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Nashua, 
Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  3  churches.    Pop.  950.  , 

Littleton,  a  post-village  in  Littleton  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Mink  or  Lower  Ammonoosuc  River,  and  on 
the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  113  miles  N.  of 
Concord.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded 
Bohool-house  which  cost  $36,000,  2  newspaper  offices,  an 
iron-foundry,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  wool, 
axes,  scythes,  Ac.  Pop.  about  2000.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.W.  by  Connecticut  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  3365. 

Littleton,  a  post- village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Morristown,  and  1  mile  from  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad. 
It  has  a  blacksmith-shop  and  general  stores. 

Littleton,  a  post- village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  76  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  2  churches. 


Littleton,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Green- 
ville &  Columbia  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Littleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Nottoway  River,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Petersburg. 

Littleton,  a  post-village  of  Wetsel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Fairmont.  It  has  several  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  500. 

Littleton  Common,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  about  4  miles  E.  of  Littleton  railroad-station. 

Littleton  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Greenland,  in  lat. 
78®  20'  N.,  the  point  reached  by  Capt.  Inglefield  in  1852. 

Little  Tracadie,  tr&^ki-dee',  a  post-hamlet  in  Anti- 
gonish  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  7  miles  from 
Tracadie.     Pop.  200. 

Little  Trav'erse,  a  hamlet  of  Emmett  co.,  Miob.,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Little  Traverse  Bay  (an  inlet  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan), 10  miles  N.W.  of  Petoskey,  and  near  Harbor  Springs. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  good  harbor. 

Little  U'tica,  or  Folkville,  p5k'vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Little  Yal'ley,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  N.  of  Hutchinson.     Pop.  of  township,  204. 

Little  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.^ 
about  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rochester. 

Little  Valley,  a  post-village,  ckpital  of  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.T.,  in  Little  Valley  township,  on  the  Erie  lUil 
road,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Salamanca.  It  has  a  new  court-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  2  grist-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
698 ;  of  the  township,  1326. 

Little  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co..  Wis. 

Little  Ver'digris  (or  Caney)  River  rises  in  Elk 
CO.,  Kansas,  runs  southeastward  into  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  enters  the  Verdigris  River  near  lat.  36°  13'  N.  The 
part  which  is  in  Kansas  is  called  Caney  River. 

Little  Vermilion  (vsr-mil'yQn)  River  rises  in  Ver- 
milion CO.,  HI.,  runs  eastward  into  Indiana,  and  enters  the 
Wabash  River  at  Newport,  in  Vermilion  co. 

Littleville,  lit't^l-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Hampden  oo.,  Mass., 
in  Chester  township,  4  miles  from  Huntington  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Littleville,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Avon 
township,  1^  miles  from  Avon  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Little  Wabash  (waw'bash)  River,  of  Illinois,  rises 
near  Mattoon,  runs  southward  through  Effingham  co.,  and 
southeastward  through  Clay  co.  It  subsequently  intersects 
the  COS.  of  Wayne  and  White,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
about  S  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  about  180  miles  long. 

Little  Wal'nut,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Little  Walnut  Creek,  30  miles  E.  of  Wichita.  Pop.  of  Little 
Walnut  township,  487. 

Little  Walnut  Creek,  of  Ohio,  enters  the  Scioto  River 
in  Pickaway  co. 

Little  Warrior,  war're-yr,  a  post-office  of  Blount  oo., 
Ala.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Little  Watts  Island,  Chesapeake  Bay,  E.  side,  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  Pocomoke  Bay.  On  it  is  a  fixed 
light,  40  feet  high. 

Little  Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va. 

Little  Wolf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Little  Wolf  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name, 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Green 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1120. 

Little  Wolf  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Marathon  co., 
runs  southeastward  in  Waupaca  co.,  and  enters  the  Wolf 
River  about  4  miles  below  New  London. 

Little  York,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Grass  v  alley.  Gold  is  found  here,  and  mining 
is  the  principal  business.     Pop.  of  the  township,  868. 

Little  York,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  HI.,  in 
Sumner  township,  on  the  Henderson  River,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Monmouth. 

Little  York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  New  Albany. 

Little  York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Phillipsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Little  York,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  30  miles 
S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  hotel,  Ac. 

Little  York,  a  village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fowler  township,  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ogdensburg. 
Pop.  117.     Here  is  Fowler  Post-Office. 

Little  York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Butler  township,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  111. 


LIT 


1671 


LIV 


Lit'ton*s,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  76  miles  N.N.W. 
of  San  Francisco.    One  mile  distant  is  Litton's  Springs,  a 
watering-place. 
Lit'tonsville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 
Littoral e«  Austria.    See  KOstenland. 
Littoral  Province,  Siberia.    See  Primorsk, 
Littowle,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Littatt. 
Littry,  leetHree',  or  Litry,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cal- 
vados, 9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bayeux.    Pop.  552.    In  its  vicin- 
ity is  an  extensive  coal-basin. 

Litvinovitchi,  or  Litvinovitshi,  lit-vin-o-vitoh'ee, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  S.E.  of  Mo- 
heelev.     Pop.  1700. 
Litwa,  the  Polish  name  of  Lithuania. 
Lit'walton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oc^Va.,  about 
65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Lityn,  lee'tin,  or  Litinsk,  le-tinsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Podolia,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  7081. 

Litz'enberg,  a  post-village  in  Maoungie  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  at  Chapman  Station  on  the  Catasanqua 
A  Fogelsville  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua. 

LiuS)  a  modern  Greek  name  of  Cerigotto. 

Liusne,  a  river  of  Sweden.     See  Ljdsnb. 

Liu-Tchou.     See  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Livadia,  or  Libadia^  liv-i-Dee'a,  a  division  of  Greece, 
corresponding  nearly  to  the  ancient  divisions  of  Acarnania, 
Doris,  Locris,  Bceotia,  and  Attica,  and  including  the  mod- 
ern nomes  of  Attica  and  Boeotia,  Phocis  and  Phthiotis,  and 
Acarnania  and  JEtolia  j  in  this  division  is  also  usually  in- 
cluded the  insular  nome  of  Eubcea,  or  Negropont,  but  the 
other  islands  and  the  Morea  are  excluded.     Pop.  366,918. 

Livadia,  or  Libadia,  liv-&-Dee'a  (anc.  Lebade'a),  a 
town  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  on  the  Hercyna,  52  miles  N.W. 
of  Athens.  It  is  defended  by  a  castle,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  towns  in  the  kingdom.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods,  more  than  60  cotton-gins,  and  a  trade 
in  rice,  corn,  wool,  and  cotton.     Pop.  5130. 

Livadostro,  liv-i-dos'tro,  a  village  of  Greece,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  in  the  Bay  of  Livadostro,  15  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Megara. 

Livarot,  leeVi^ro',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on 
the  Vie,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lisieux.     Pop.  1499. 

Lively,  liv'le,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  in  Marshall's  Reserve,  7  miles  from 
Smith's  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Lively  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  111., 
about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lively  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 

Liv'engood's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.   P.  662. 

Livenza,  le-vfin'zi  (anc.  Liquen'tia),  a  river  of  Italy, 
after  a  course  of  70  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Venice.     It  communicates  by  canal  with  the  Piave. 

Live  Oak,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Nueces  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Atascosa  River  and 
Rio  Frio.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  live-oak,  maple,  magnolia,  walnut,  sycamore,  and 
palmetto  are  found.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  large 
herds  of  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Capital,  Oakville.  Pop.  in  1870,  852;  in  1880,  1994;  in 
1890,  2055. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  63 
miles  N.  of  Sacramento. 

Live  Oak,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Atlantic  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  82  miles  W. 
of  Jacksonville,  and  83  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  8  stores,  a  saw-mill,  2  turpen- 
tine-distilleries, and  2  cotton-gins.     Pop.  in  1890,  687. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Terre  Bonne  parish,  La. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-offioe  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Paris. 

Live  Oaks,  a  post-offioe  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Austin. 

Live  Oak  Store,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Amite  River. 

Liv'ermore,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  <fcc.     P.  (1890)  1391. 

Livermore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  co.,  Col.,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  store,  and 
2  saw-mills.  Here  is  a  park  among  the  foot-hills,  in  which 
many  cattle  and  sheep  are  pastured. 

Livermore,   a  post-village  of  McLean   oo..  Ky..  on 


Green  River,  and  on  the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  drug-store,  a 
grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Livermore,  or  Brit'ton's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Livermore  township,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Lewiston.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Androscoggin  River,  and  contains  another  village,  namwl 
Livermore  Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1467. 

Livermore,  a  township  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  in  the 
White  Mountain  region,  is  a  dense  forest,  has  an  extensive 
lumber-mill,  and  is  connected  by  the  Sawyer's  River  Rail- 
road to  Livermore  Station  on  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg 
Railroad.  The  latter  is  about  10  miles  S.  of  the  Crawford 
House.     The  township  was  incorporated  in  1876.     Pop.  75. 

Livermore,  a  post-borough  in  Derry  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  on  Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33  miles  in  a  direct  line,  or  59  miles 
by  railroad,  E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  211. 

Livermore  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Livermore  town- 
ship, Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River, 
about  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church,  a 
high  school,  and  a  cheese-box-factory. 

Livermore  Falls,  a  post-village  in  East  Livermore 
township,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  printing-office,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  boxes,  shoes,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Liverpool,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Mersey  estuary,  about  4  miles  from  the 
Irish  Sea,  and  185  miles  N.W.  of  London.  Lat.  5.^°  24' 
3.8"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  4'  17"  W.  Pop.  in  1881,  552,425 ;  in  1891, 
517,951.  The  town  extends  3  miles  in  length  by  about 
2  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  over  gently  rising  ground,  the 
highest  point  within  the  border  being  about  227  feet  above 
the  quay  wall  of  the  river.  Though  irregularly  laid  out,  i* 
has  many  broad,  straight,  and  handsome  thoroughfares 
Along  the  shore  there  is  a  line  of  docks  and  basins  over  5 
miles  in  length,  having  an  aggregate  water  area  of  300 
acres,  and  a  quay  space  of  20  miles  in  extent,  reclaimed 
from  the  river.  Some  of  the  docks  are  connected  with  the 
Leeds  <fc  Liverpool  Canal,  and  most  of  the  others  have  half- 
tide  locks  and  wet  basins.  Warehouse  room  attached  to  the 
docks  has  been  very  much  extended  of  late  years.  The 
Corn  Warehouse  dock  is  surrounded  by  lofty  fire-proof 
warehouses  1485  feet  long  and  6  stories  in  height,  which  are 
furnished  with  hydraulic  lifts  and  every  suitable  appliance. 
The  London  &  North-Western  Railway  has  a  station  on  the 
high  ground  of  the  town  at  Edge  Hill,  and  from  thence 
three  branches  through  tunnels  run,  one  to  the  centre  of 
the  town  to  the  terminus  in  Lime  street,  for  passengers, 
and  one  to  the  N.  and  S.  docks  respectively,  for  goods,  and 
a  fourth  branch  has  been  laid  down  to  the  N.  shore.  The 
Lancashire  <k  Yorkshire  Railway  has  a  goods  station  near 
the  docks  in  Great  Howard  street,  and  a  general  station  in 
Tithebarn  street,  near  the  exchange;  and  in  connection 
with  them  a  high  level  branch  to  the  docks  for  coaling 
steam-vessels.  The  Great  Northern,  the  Manchester,  Shef- 
field &  Lincolnshire,  and  the  Midland  Railways  have  a  joint 
station  near  the  Brunswick  dock.  The  Great  Western  Rail- 
way has  access  to  Birkenhead,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Mersey,  with  which  there  is  constant  communication  by 
steam-ferries.  Liverpool  is  supplied  with  water  of  excel- 
lent quality,  partly  pumped  from  wells,  but  chiefly  obtained 
from  the  hilly  district  of  Rivington,  24  miles  distant,  whence 
it  is  conveyed  to  Liverpool  in  iron  pipes.  Among  the  pub- 
lic buildings  is  the  town  hall,  erected  at  a  cost  of  upwards 
of  £110,000.  It  contains  a  superb  suite  of  entertainment 
rooms,  the  council  hall,  and  various  public  offices  connected 
with  the  management  of  the  municipal  business  and  the 
corporate  estate.  The  hall  stands  on  one  side  of  a  square, 
the  other  three  sides  of  which  are  formed  by  the  new  ex- 
change buildings,  which  have  replaced  the  old  exchange 
and  were  completed  in  1870.  The  principal  front  is  1500 
feet  long.  The  news-room  is  a  magnificent  one,  175  feet 
long,  90  wide,  and  50  high.  In  1868  the  municipal  building 
was  completed.  It  contains  the  municipal  offices,  in  which 
all  departments  of  the  corporation  business  are  now  accom- 
modated. The  building  is  226  feet  long  and  195  feet  deep. 
The  revenue  building,  comprising  the  excise,  post,  custom- 
house, dock,  and  stamp  offices,  is  a  large,  heavy  building  of 
the  Ionic  order,  covering  an  area  of  6700  square  yards.  St. 
George's  Hall,  of  the  Corinthian  order  externally  and  in- 
ternally, contains  assize  courts,  and  a  hall  for  public  meet- 
ings, musical  entertainments,  &c.,  and  also  a  concert-room. 
There  is  also  a  concert-hall,  called  the  Philharmonic  Hall, 
of  colossal  dimensions,  and  which,  in  ezoellence  in  the 


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requisites  of  hearing  and  seeing,  may  vie  with  any  building 
of  a  similar  kind.  The  principal  churches  are  those  of 
Saints  Peter,  Catherine,  James,  Michael,  Luke,  Philip,  and 
Paul,  and  St.  George's,  the  Scotch  kirk.  Free  churches, 
United  Presbyterian  church.  Unitarian,  Independent,  Bap- 
tist, and  Wesleyan  chapels,  and  two  Jews'  synagogues,  alto- 
gether 190  churches  and  chapels.  Among  the  educational 
establishments  are  the  Liverpool  Royal  Institution,  which 
has  a  large  library  and  a  museum ;  the  collegiate  building, 
in  the  Gothic  style;  the  Mechanics'  Institute,  Liverpool 
Institution,  a  college  of  chemistry,  an  architectural  asso- 
ciation, school  of  art,  gymnasium,  numerous  societies  and 
clubs,  the  Walker  Fine  Art  Gallery,  a  school  of  medicine, 
and  several  schools  belonging  to  the  diflferent  religious 
bodies.  There  are  many  hospitals,  an  infirmary,  dispen- 
saries, and  charitable  institutions;  3  large  covered  and  2 
open  public  markets ;  a  fish  market,  corn  exchange,  and 
tobacco  warehouse,  and  among  the  public  institutions  pro- 
vided by  the  corporation,  public  baths  on  the  pier-head,  and 
other  public  baths  and  wasb-houses ;  and  botanic  gardens  and 
public  parks  form,  with  the  private  ground  open  at  times 
to  the  public,  an  almost  continuous  band  of  open  space  on 
the  landward  side  of  the  town.  In  the  extreme  S.  of  the 
town  is  Sefton  Park,  covering  an  area  of  about  200  acres, 
and  elaborately  laid  out.  The  cost  of  securing  and  laying 
out  this  park  was  nearly  half  a  million.  The  Bank  of 
England  has  a  branch  here ;  and  next  to  it  is  the  Commer- 
cial Bank,  besides  13  other  banks.  There  are  the  Exchange, 
Athen^um,  and  Lyceum  news-rooms ;  the  two  latter  have 
extensive  libraries  attached;  and  the  free  public  library  and 
museum,  which  has  branch  lending  libraries  in  various 
parts  of  the  town.  There  are  numerous  theatres,  assembly- 
rooms,  music-halls,  and  other  similar  places  of  amusement. 
Fourteen  newspapers  are  published  in  Liverpool.  The  town 
has  manufactures  of  watches  and  jewelry,  sugar-refineries, 
iron-  and  brass-foundries,  iron-  and  steel-forges,  breweries, 
rope-,  glass-,  soda-,  and  alkali-works ;  there  are  extensive 
works  for  making  steam-engines,  machinery,  chains,  cables, 
anchors,  rope,  sails,  and  soap ;  and  ship-building  is  carried 
on  in  it  to  a  great  extent ;  but  it  owes  its  chief  importance  to 
its  being  a  great  seat  of  foreign  export  and  import  trade, 
and  the  main  outlet  for  the  manufactures  of  Lancashire, 
Yorkshire,  Staffordshire,  and  the  principal  part  of  the  trade 
of  England  with  Australia,  America,  India,  Africa,  and  the 
Mediterranean.  The  Mersey  at  high  water  may  be  entered 
by  the  largest  ships,  upwards  of  £12,000,000  having  been 
expended  on  the  river  Mersey  in  securing  safe  anchorage 
and  dock  accommodation.  Nearly  all  the  raw  cotton  im- 
ported into  Great  Britain  is  brought  to  Liverpool.  Liver- 
pool is  connected  by  railway  with  all  the  great  towns  of 
England  and  Scotland ;  by  canals  with  the  principal  towns 
of  England ;  and  by  steam-packets  with  Glasgow,  Dublin, 
Cork,  Bristol,  and  the  principal  ports  of  France,  the  Medi- 
terranean, America,  and  Australia.  The  borough  is  divided 
into  16  wards,  and  governed  by  a  mayor,  16  aldermen,  and 
43  councillors.  Great  improvements  have  been  and  continue 
to  be  made  in  the  town,  without  imposing  taxes ;  and  the 
lighting  of  the  town  is  defrayed  entirely  out  of  the  surplus 
municipal  revenue.  It  has  quarter  and  petty  sessions,  courts 
of  record  and  requests,  and  is  the  seat  of  assizes  for  the 
hundred  of  West  Derby.  Its  port  j  urisdiction  comprises  the 
whole  estuary  of  the  Mersey.  It  sends  three  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see. 

Liverpool,  amountain-range  in  East  Australia,  stretches 
from  W.  to  E.  between  the  county  of  Brisbane,  New  South 
Wales,  and  the  Liverpool  Plains,  and  forms  the  watershed 
between  the  basins  of  the  Peel  or  Namoy  on  the  N.  and  W. 
and  the  Hunter  on  the  S.  and  E. 

liiv'erpool,  a  post-village  in  Liverpool  township,  Ful- 
ton CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  River,  about  25  miles  below 
Pekin.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  plough-factory, 
and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1336. 

Liverpool,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Joliet 
Branch  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E. 
of  Chicago. 

Liverpool,  a  post-village  in  Salina  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Onondaga  Lake,  on  the  Oswego 
Canal,  and  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  ofiBce,  salt-works,  and  a  manufactory  of  willow- 
ware.  Pop.  1 555.  Over  1,000,000  bushels  of  salt  are  some- 
times manufactured  in  the  Liverpool  district  per  annum. 

Liverpool,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.     Pop. 
2907.     It  contains  the  town  of  East  Liverpool. 
Liverpool,  Madison  co.,  0.     See  Rosedale. 
Liverpool,  a  post-village  in  Liverpool  township,  Me- 


dina CO.,  0.,  on  I^ocky  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cleveland,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Medina.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  pump-factory,  and  a  ma- 
chine-shop.    Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1425. 

Liverpool,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 

Liverpool,  a  post-borough  in  Liverpool  township, 
Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
opposite  Liverpool  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  above  Harrisburg,  and  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Sunbury.  It  contains  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
2  iron-foundries,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  manufactories  of 
furniture.     Pop.  823 ;  of  the  township,  859. 

Liverpool,  New  Brunswick.     See  Richibuoto, 

Liverpool,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia, 
capital  of  Queens  co.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  Mersej-, 
at  its  entrance  into  Liverpool  Harbor,  108  miles  S.W.  of 
Halifax.  It  is  well  and  regularly  built,  and  is  the  centre 
of  an  important  trade.  To  the  N.  of  CoflBn's  Island  the 
channel  is  not  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  more  than  9 
feet  of  water;  but  the  passage  to  the  S.  is  full  li  miles 
wide,  with  from  15  to  18  fathoms  of  water.  A  light-house 
has  been  erected  on  the  island,  containing  a  revolving  light, 
75  feet  above  the  sea.  Liverpool  has  5  churches,  good  county 
buildings,  ship-yards,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber,  castings,  machines,  edge-tools,  boots 
and  shoes,  Ac.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  fishery.     Pop.  3102, 

Liverpool,  a  post-town  of  New  South  Wales,  on  the 
George  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Paramatta.     Pop.  1338. 

Liverpool  Cape,  a  headland  on  the  S.  side  of  the  en 
trance  to  Lancaster  Sound,  Northern  Canada,  and  of  another 
bounding  Liverpool  Bay,  Arctic  Ocean,  immediately  S.W. 
of  Cape  Bathurst.     Lat.  about  70°  N. ;  Ion.  129°  W. 

Liverpool  Plains,  a  picturesque  and  well-watered 
region  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  between  lat.  31°  and 
32°  S.  and  Ion.  150°  and  151°  E.,  from  800  to  1000  feet 
above  sea-level.     Area,  16,638  square  miles.     Pop.  12,824. 

Liverpool  River,  North  Australia,  Arnhem  Land, 
enters  the  sea  near  lat.  12°  S.,  Ion.  134°  10'  E. 

Liversedge,  liv'^r-sflj,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Huddersfield,  with  woollen-mills. 
Pop.  11,103. 

Livesey,  liv'zee,  a  township  of  England,  in  Lancaster, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Blackburn,  with  cotton-mills.     Pop.  4036. 

Liv'ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ey.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Liv'ing  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Pottawattamie  oo., 
Iowa,  10  miles  N.  of  Malvern. 

Liv'ingston,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  1026  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Vermilion  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  the 
county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Western  Railroad,  the 
Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Atch- 
ison, Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Pontiac.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,471:  in 
1880,  38,450;  in  1890,38,455. 

Livingston,  a  western  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Tennessee, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  which  enters 
the  Ohio  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It 
has  extensive  beds  of  coal  and  limestone.  Its  three  rivers 
afiford  great  facilities  for  navigation.  Its  southern  part  is 
intersected  by  the  Newport  News  A  Mississippi  Valley 
Railroad.  Capital,  Smithland.  Pop.  in  1870.  8200:  in 
1880,  9165  ;  in  1890,  9474. 

Livingston,  a  southeastern  parish  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  W.  by  the  Amite  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake 
Maurepas,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Tickfaw  River.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  live-oak  and  magnolia  are  found.  Cotton,  sugar- 
cane, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Spring- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  4026;  in  1880,  5258;  in  1890,  5769. 

Livingston,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Red  Cedar  and  Shiawassee  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by 
the  Huron  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  dense  forests  of  sugar-maple  and  other 
deciduous  trees.  It  also  contains  "  oak  openings,"  or  open 
groves  of  oak.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  wool,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 


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ucts.  This  coanty  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A 
Northern  Railroad  and  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  A,  North 
Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Howell.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,336  ; 
in  1880,  22,251 ;  in  1890,  20,858. 

Livingston,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  interseoted 
by  Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Crooked  Fork 
of  Grand  River  and  by  Medicine  and  Shoal  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  pork, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Hannibal  <fc  St. 
Joseph  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  all  of  which  connect  with 
Chillicothe,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,730;  in  1880, 
20,196;  in  1890,  20,668. 

Livingston,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York,  has 
an  area  of  about  644  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Genesee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Canaseraga  and 
Honeoye  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and 
partly  hilly,  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  and  diver- 
sified with  two  lakes,  named  Conesus  and  Hemlock  lakes. 
The  deep  depression  of  the  Genesee  valley  is  one  of  the 
remarkable  features  of  this  county.  Among  the  forest  trees 
are  the  beech,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  elm.  The  soil  is 
mostly  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  wool, 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  cornif- 
erous  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  The  Avon  min- 
eral springs  are  in  this  county,  which  also  has  quarries  of 
sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie 
&  Western  Railroad  and  the  Rochester  division  and  Attica 
Branch  of  that  railroad,  also  by  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal. 
Capital,  Geneseo.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,309;  in  1880,  39,562; 
in  1890,  37,801. 

Livingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala., 
on  Suearnoochee  Creek,  and  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga 
Railroad,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa,  and  36  miles  N.E. 
of  Meridian.     It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  (1890)  850. 

Livingston,  a  post-office  of  Merced  co.,  Cal. 

Livingston,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  about  15 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rome. 

Livingston,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  111.,  3  miles  E. 
of  Marshall,  and  52  miles  S.  of  Danville.    It  has  a  church. 

Livingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Livingston,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Livingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Lamed. 

Livingston,  a  village  in  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky.,  on  Rock 
Castle  River,  and  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville 
i  Nashville  Railroad,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has 
2  hotels,  several  stores,  and  a  coal-mine.  The  post-office  is 
named  Livingston  Station.     Pop.  about  500. 

Livingston,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  25  miles 
N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Livingston,  a  post-village  in  Livingston  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark,  and  4^  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Orange.  The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the 
Passaic  River.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1157. 

Livingston,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  about  6  miles  below  Hudson.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Jansen's  Creek.  Pop.  1960.  On 
the  W.  border  of  this  township  is  Livingston  Station  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Albany.  Livingston 
Post-Office  is  at  the  village  of  Johnstown. 

Livingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Overton  co., 
Tenn.,  about  95  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  an 
academy,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  leather, 
and  whisky.    Pop.  in  1890,  320. 

Livingston,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Houston,  East  &West  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Trinity  River  Station,  and  45  miles  N.  of  Liberty. 

Livingston's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antigonish  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N.  side  of  Cape  George,  42  miles  from 
New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Liv'ingstonville,  a  post- village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Broome  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches  and  2  mills. 

Livisosia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lezdza. 

Livnee,  Livnij,  or  Livny,  liv'nee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  80  miles  S.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Sosna,  an 
affluent  of  the  Don.  Pop.  12,975.  It  has  numerous  churches 
and  several  annual  fairs. 

Livno,  liv'no,  a.  fortified  town  of  Bosnia,  64  miles  N.W. 
of  Mostar,  on  the  Bistritza.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Livonia,  le-vo'ne-a  (Ger.  Livland,  leeflint),  a  govern- 
106 


ment  of  Russia,  one  of  the  Baltic  provinces,  mostly  between 
lat.  56°  30'  and  58°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  24°  and  28°  E.,  having 
W.  the  Gulf  of  Livonia.  Area,  comprising  the  island  Oesel, 
in  the  Baltic,  20,450  square  miles.  Pop.  1,000,876.  Sur- 
face mostly  flat  and  marshy.  Principal  rivers,  the  Diina 
and  Eyst,  and  on  the  S.  frontier  the  Treider-Aa,  Fennern, 
and  Embach.  Lakes  numerous.  Soil  fertile,  and  grain  is 
raised  for  export,  principally  rye  and  barley,  but  also  com- 
prising wheat,  oats,  and  buckwheat;  the  rearing  of  live- 
stock is  of  great  importance.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  stuffs,  sugar,  tobacco,  glass,  &c.  The  popula- 
tion is  very  mixed,  and  mostly  Lutheran.  The  aristocracy 
is  of  German,  Swedish,  and  Russian  origin.  The  peasantry 
are  in  part  Livs  or  Livonians  (a  Finnic  race),  but  chiefly 
Esthonians  and  Letts.  Principal  towns,  Riga  (the  capital), 
Dorpat,  Pernau,  and  Venden,  with  Arensburg  in  the  island 
of  Oesel. A^.  and  inhab.  Livonian,  le-vo'ne-an. 

Livonia,  le-vo'ne-a,  a  post-village  in  Madison  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,  Ind.,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Albany.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
plough-factory,  <tc.     Pop.  about  400. 

Livonia,  a  post-office  of  Point  Coupee  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Baton  Rouge,  Grosse  T€te  &  Opelousas  Railroad,  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Livonia,  a  post-hamlet  in  Livonia  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  li  miles  from  Livonia  Station,  and  18  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1570. 

Livonia,  a  post-township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn., 
about  44  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  302. 

Livonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chariton  River,  about  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Macon  City. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

Livonia,  or  Livonia  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Livo- 
nia township,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Rochester,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It 
contains  2  churches.  Pop.  283.  The  township,  which  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Conesus  Lake,  contains  3  other  vil- 
lages, namely,  Livonia  Station,  Hemlock  Lake,  and  Lake- 
ville.     Total  pop.  3119. 

Livonia,  Gulf  of,  Russia.    See  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Livonia  Station,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  18  miles  W. 
of  Detroit. 

Livonia  Station,  a  post- village  in  Livonia  township, 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  about  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Geneseo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  Ao. 

Livorno,  le-voR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
ince of  Novara,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  5797. 

Livorno,  or  Livourne,  Italy.    See  Leghorn. 

Livramento,  a  tdwn  of  Brazil.     See  Piunhi. 

Livron,  leeVr6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drdme,  10 
miles  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1874. 

Livry,  leeVree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  10 
miles  E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  1899.  Livry  is  also  the  name  of 
villages  in  the  departments  of  Calvados  and  Nievre. 

Livuma,  le-voo'mi,  a  considerable  river  of  East  Africa, 
enters  the  Indian  Ocean  near  Cape  Delgado. 

Lixari,  lix-oo'ree,  a  seaport  town  of  Cephalonia,  on  its 
W.  limb,  5  miles  N.  of  Argostoli.  Pop.  6000.  It  is  a 
Greek  bishop's  see,  and  is  the  rival  of  Argostoli  in  com- 
mercial importance. 

Lizan,  lee^zin',  a  village  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  on 
the  Zab,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Mosul. 

Lizanello,  leed-z3,-ndI'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2717. 

Lizano,  leed-z&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Leooe, 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  3023. 

Liz'ard,  an  island  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia, 
N.N.B.  of  Cape  Flattery.  Lat.  14°  41'  24"  S.;  Ion.  145° 
28'  30"  E.  It  has  a  peak  1151  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Greatest  diameter,  2^  miles. 

Lizard,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  469. 

Liz'ard  Point,  a  bold  headland  of  England,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  the  most  southern  point  of  Great  Britain,  23 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Land's  End,  and  having  two  light-houses 
with  fixed  lights,  elevated  200  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  49° 
57'  40"  N.,  Ion.  5°  12'  6"  W. 

Lizard  River,  Iowa,  runs  southeastward  through  Po- 
cahontas CO.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River  at  Fort 
Dodge. 

Li'zemore*s,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  W.  Va.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Kanawha  Falls. 

Liz'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  th« 


LIZ 


1674 


LLE 


Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

liizy-sur-Ourcq, lee^ze'-suR-ooRk,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine-et-Marne,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Meaux.     Pop.  1392. 
Liz'zard  Lake,  a  post-ofiBoe  of  Wayne  co..  Pa. 
IJnbaschevo,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lyoobashbvo. 
IJabetschi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ltoobetch. 
LJubim,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ltoobim. 
IJnsne,  or  Linsne,  loos'ni,  a  river  of  Sweden,  is- 
sues from  a  lake  of  the  same  name  in  Kerjedalen,  flows  S.B. 
into  the  Isen  of  Gefleborg,  where  it  forms  several  lakes,  and 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  about  36  miles  N.  of  Gefle, 
after  a  course  of  about  220  miles.   Its  current  is  very  much 
encumbered  by  rocks. 
IJutzin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Lyootsiit. 
Llacuna,  or  La  Llacuna,  li  li-koo'ni,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Catalonia,  about  60  miles  from  Barcelona.   Pop.  1258. 
Llado,  I&'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  20  miles 
from  Gerona.     Pop.  1347. 

Llagostera,  li-gos-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  3529. 

Llaillai,  li-Ii',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Valparaiso. 
Pop.  2832. 

Llan,  a  Welsh  word  signifying  "  enclosure"  or  "  church," 
is  the  prefix  of  the  names  of  numerous  parishes  and  towns 
in  England  and  Wales.  J^^It  may  be  observed  that  the 
sound  of  II  in  Welsh  has  no  equivalent  in  the  English  lan- 
guage. At  the  beginning  of  a  name  it  is  commonly  An- 
glicized by  a  simple  I,  distinguished  in  this  work  as  a  small 
capital.  In  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word  it  is  rep- 
resented by  thl  (italic). 

Lianas )  I&'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  on  the  coast, 
province  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  2125. 

Llanbadarn-Fawr,  Lan-bah'darn-vSwr,  a  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Cardigan,  2  miles  E.  of  Aberystwith,  which 
is  in  the  parish  of  Llanbadarn  -  Fawr.  It  was  once  a 
bishop's  see.  Pop.  of  parish,  15,268. 
Llanbedr,  a  borough  of  Wales.  See  Lampeter. 
Llanberris,  Lan-blr'ris,  a  village  and  railway  termi- 
nus of  Wales,  CO.  of  Carnarvon,  at  the  foot  of  Snowdon,  10 
miles  E.  of  Carnarvon.  Tourists  are  attracted  hither  by 
the  lake-  and  mountain-scenery.     Pop.  of  parish,  2507. 

Llandaff,  Lan-dafiP  (Welsh,  LlanTdf,  Lan  t&v,  "church 
of  the  Taf '),  a  city  of  Wales,  oo.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the 
TafF,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  2  miles  N.W.  of  CardiflF.  The 
"  city"  is  a  mere  hamlet  and  suburb  of  Cardiff,  noted  only 
for  its  cathedral.  Adjoining  are  the  chapter-house,  and  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  episcopal  palace. 

Llandeilo-Yawr  (or  -Fawr),  or  Llandilo,  Lan- 
di'lo-v6wR,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  14  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Carmarthen,  on  the  Towy,  here  crossed  by  an 
elegant  bridge.  Pop.  1470.  Near  it  is  Grongar  Hill,  where 
the  last  struggle  was  made  for  the  independence  of  Wales 
in  1282,  also  the  seat  of  Lord  Dynevor,  and  Golden  Grove, 
the  seat  of  Earl  Cawdor. 

Llando'very,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  and  24  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Carmarthen,  on  the  Bran,  here  crossed  by  2 
bridges.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  near  the  Towy,  and  has 
picturesque  remains  of  a  Norman  castle.     Pop.  1861. 

Llandrin'dod,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Radnor,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Builth.  Three  mineral  springs 
have  long  rendered  it  a  great  resort  for  invalids. 

Llandnd'no,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  on 
two  bays  of  the  Irish  Sea,  4  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Con- 
way. The  lofty  cliffs  and  sea-worn  caverns  of  the  promon- 
tory of  Gogarth  are  in  this  parish,  which  contains  also 
monuments  of  early  cyclopean  architecture,  and  copper- 
mines.     It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.     Pop.  2762. 

Llandysil,  Lan-dis'il,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Cardigan, 
on  the  Teifi,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lampeter.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2954. 

Llanelly,  Lan-StA7ee,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  on  a 
creek  of  Carmarthen  Bay,  at  a  railway  junction,  co.  and  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Carmarthen.  It  has  tin-  and  copper-works 
and  iron-foundries.  Coal  is  brought  by  railway  from  the 
rich  adjacent  mines,  and  is  largely  exported.  Chief  im- 
ports, copper  ore  from  Cornwall.  The  trade  is  facilitated  by 
commodious  docks  and  by  canal.  Llanelly  is  connected  by 
canal  with  Kidwelly.  It  unites  with  Carmarthen  in  re- 
turning a  member  to  Parliament.  Pop.  14,973. 
•  ^^•^"erch-y-Medd,  Lan'erk-6-mSTH,  a  town  and  par- 
ish of  Wales,  CO.  of  Anglesey,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Amlwch. 
Llanes,  la'nSs,  a  town  and  port  of  Spain,  Asturias,  60 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oviedo.  Pop.  1250. 
Llanfair,  a  town  of  Wales.  See  Builth. 
Llanfair  Careinion,  Lan'vir  kar-i'ne-on,  a  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Montgomery.     Pop.  2485 


Llanfechel)  Lan-viK'fil,  a  parish  and  town  of  Wales, 
00.  of  Anglesey,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Amlwch.     Pop.  897. 

Llaufyllin,  Lan-vi«A7in,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  and 
16i  miles  (30  miles  by  rail)  N.N.W.  of  Montgomery,  on  the 
Cain.  It  contributes  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  1132. 

Llangad'ock,  a  town  and  parish  of  South  Wales,  co. 
of  Carmarthen,  on  the  Towy,  5i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Llandovery.     Pop.  2830. 

Llangefni,  Lan-ghfifnee,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Anglesey,  22  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Holyhead.    Pop.  1222. 
Llangollen,  Lsm-goth'l^n,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Denbigh,  on  the  Dee,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  ancient  bridge, 
26  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Shrewsbury.     It  is  situated  in  a 
vale  enclosed  by  lofty  mountains,  is  admired  for  its  scenery, 
and  has  coal-mines,  manufactures  of  cloths,  flannels,  iron- 
ware, beer,  4S;c.     In  the  vicinity  are  many  interesting  re- 
mains of  antiquity.     Pop.  2798. 
Llangorse  Lake,  Wales.    See  Breckinioc  Mere. 
Llanidloes,  Lan'id-less,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  and 
19  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Montgomery,  on  the  Severn. 
It  has  manufactures  of  flannel  and  other  woollen  stuffs,  and 
a  fine  parish  charch.     It  contributes  in  sending  one  mem- 
ber to  the  Honse  of  Commons.     Pop.  3428. 

Llano,  I&'no,  a  oounty  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Llano 
River,  which  enters  the  Colorado  in  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle.  Capital,  Llano. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1379;  in  1880,  4962;  in  1890,  6772. 

Llano,  a  flourishing  post-village,  capital  of  Llano  co., 
Tex.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  70  miles  N.W.  of 
Austin,  and  30  miles  W.  of  Burnet  Station  of  the  Austin 
&  Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Llano  Estacado,  I&'no  es-ti-k&'do,  or  Staked 
Plain,  a  large  plateau  in  Northwestern  Texas  and  in  th» 
E.  part  of  New  Mexico,  said  to  be  named  from  the  stalks 
of  yucca  plants  growing  on  it.  It  is  dry  and  nearly  wood- 
less, and  has  an  area  exceeding  40,000  square  miles.  In 
the  N.  its  general  elevation  is  about  5000  feet,  but  in  the 
S.  it  is  not  over  1000  feet  high. 

Llano  River,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Kimble  co.,  runv 
eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Mason  and  Llano,  and  enters 
the  Colorado  River  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Burnet.  It  is 
about  175  miles  long. 

Llanos,  I&'n5ce,  vast  steppes  or  plains  of  South  Amer- 
ica, chiefly  in  the  basin  of  the  Orinoco,  Venezuela,  covered 
with  luxuriant  grass,  and  grazed  by  immense  herds  of  cattle. 
The  inhabitants  are  herdsmen,  caUed  Llaneros. 

Llanquihue,  I&n-ke'w&,  a  province  of  Chili,  extend- 
ing from  the  Andes  to  the  sea,  and  having  on  the  S.  the 
Gulf  of  Ancud  and  the  strait  which  separates  the  N.  end  of 
Chiloe  from  the  mainland.  Area,  6997  square  miles.  It 
has  a  cool  and  rainy  climate,  abounds  in  coal  and  timber, 
and  is  but  sparsely  peopled.  It  takes  its  name  from  a  lake, 
the  largest  in  Chili.    Chief  town,  Puerto  Montt.    P.  48,492, 

Llanrwst,  Lan'roost,  a  town  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Denbigh 
and  Carnarvon,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Conway,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  navigable  river  Conway.  The  town 
is  in  a  spacious  vale,  and  has  an  elegant  bridge  from  a 
design  of  Inigo  Jones,  a  church  of  the  same  architect,  and 
the  tomb  of  Llewellyn,  last  Celtic  prince  of  Wales.  It  ha» 
also  a  manufactory  of  harps.     Pop.  of  parish,  4172, 

Llansa,  I&n'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  32  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  by  N.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     P.  1573. 

Llantris'sent,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  at 
a  railway  junction,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Cardiff.  Coal,  iron, 
and  lead  are  wrought  in  the  parish.  The  borough  unites 
with  Cardiff  and  Cowbridge  in  sending  a  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  2039. 

LlanvrechTa,  Lan-vreK'v&,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Monmouth,  3  miles  N.  of  Newport.     Pop.  2552. 

Llerena,  l4-r4'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  62 
miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  6200.  It  is  ill  built  and  in 
decay.     Principal  buildings,  2  churches  and  a  hospital. 

Llers,  laJRs,  formerly  EI  Perello,  Si  pi-r51'yo,  a 
town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  30  miles  from  Gerona.     P.  1400, 

Llewellyn,  lew-51'lin,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
in  Aston  township,  1  mile  from  Lenni  Station,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  manufactory 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  about  400. 

Llewellyn,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  ia 
Branch  township,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pottsville,  and  2  mile* 
from  Minersville.  It  is  on  a  branch  oft  the  Reading  Rail- 
road, and  has  2  churches.   Coal  is  mined  here. 

Lleyda,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  Lerida. 


LLO 


1675 


LOG 


lilobregat,  lo-bri-g&t',  a  river  of  Spain,  Catalonia, 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Rosas  near  the  French  frontier.  Length, 
65  miles. 

Llobregat  Rubricatos,  lo-bri-git'  roo-bre-ki'toce, 
a  river  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  enters  the  Mediterranean  3  miles 
8.  of  Barcelona,  after  a  S.  course  of  80  miles. 

Lloret,  lo'rfit,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles 
S.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4170. 

Llosa-de-RaneS)  lo'si-d^-r&'nis,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  25  miles  S.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1869. 

JLloseta^  Io-s&'t&,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  island  of 
Majorca,  district  of  Inca.     Pop.  1286. 

Liloughor,  a  borough  of  Wales.    See  Castel-Llychwr. 

Lloyd,  Florida.    See  Bailey's  Mill. 

Lloyd,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  133. 

Lloyd,  or  Loyd,  a  post-township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Newburg,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Hudson  River.     Pop.  2584. 

Lloyd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek, 
tbout  30  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Lloyd,  a  post-oflSce  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Lloyd's,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Altamont. 

Lloyds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  25  miles  E.  of 
Milford  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lloyd's  Xeck,  a  peninsula  on  Long  Island,  between 
Oyster  Bay  and  Huntington  Harbor. 

Lloyd'town,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
N.  of  Klineburg.  It  has  several  stores,  a  flour-,  saw-,  and 
carding-mill,  and  mamifactories  of  agricultural  implements, 
cabinet-ware,  bricks,  &c.     Pop.  400. 

Lloyd'ville,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of  Cam- 
bria CO.,  Pa.,  in  White  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Al- 
toona.  It  is  the  terminus  of  Bell's  Gap  Railroad,  which  is 
9  miles  long  and  connects  with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
at  Bellwood.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Llubi,  loo'bee,  or  CastelNLlubi,  k&s-tSl'-loo'bee,  a 
town  of  Majorca,  near  Inca.     Pop.  1955. 

Llumayor,  loo-mi-oR',  or  Lluchmayor,  look-mi-or', 
a  town  of  Majorca,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palma.  Pop.  8626. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Llyn  Safadda,  Wales.    See  Breckinioc  Mere. 

Loa,  lo'i,  a  seaport  town  of  Peru,  lat.  21°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
70°  W.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Loa  River,  which  falls  into  the 
Pacific,  after  a  course  of  180  miles,  in  the  latter  part  of 
which  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

Lo^achapo'ka,  or  Lo^chapo'ka,  a  post-village  of 
Lee  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  53 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Loag,  log,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  17 
miles  W.  of  Phoenixville. 

Loami,  lo-am'i,  a  post- village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  in 
Loami  township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lum- 
ber, and  ploughs.     Pop.  (1890)  383 ;  of  the  township,  1542. 

Loanda,  lo-in'di,  a  district  of  the  Portuguese  colony 
of  Angola,  West  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  the  district  of  Congo 
and  S.  by  the  district  of  Benguela.  Its  capital  is  Loanda 
(St.  Paul  de  Loanda),  which  is  the  capital  of  the  colony. 

Loanda,  an  island  of  Africa,  immediately  off  the  coast 
of  Angola,  and  opposite  the  town  of  St.  Paul  de  Loanda. 
Length,  18  miles;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Loango,  lo-ang'go,  a  country  of  Africa,  extending  along 
the  coast  of  the  Atlantic  from  the  equator  to  the  Congo 
Free  State,  which  separates  it  from  the  river  Congo  on  the 
S. ;  but  a  better  usage  restricts  the  name  to  a  relatively 
small  district  near  the  Congo,  but  separated  from  it.  Sur- 
face flat  and  very  fertile  on  the  coasts,  interior  little  known. 
The  inhabitants  are  very  superstitious.  The  country  is 
mostly  under  the  French  flag :  it  is  governed  by  chiefs,  is 
hilly  and  thinly  wooded,  and  exports  palm  oil,  gums,  wax, 
archil,  copper,  ivory,  Ac.  Loango,  a  port,  is  on  the  coast, 
in  lat.  4°  39'  S.,  Ion.  12°  17'  E.  The  houses  are  shaded  by 
palm-  and  plantain-trees,  and  the  town  is  said  to  be  10 
miles  in  circumference.  The  Bay  of  Loango  is  rooky  and 
dangerous. 

Loang'wa,  a  large  river  of  Africa,  rises  in  certain 
highlands  N.W.  of  the  Nyassa,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
Zambezi  at  Zumbo.     It  traverses  a  level  and  fertile  plain. 

Loan'head,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1759. 

Loano,  lo-i'no  (Ital.  Lovano,  lo-v4'no),  a  village  of 
Italy,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Albenga. 
Pop.  3502. 

Lobachsville,  lo'b&ks-v!l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  E'.N.E.  of  Reading. 

liObagur,  lo-b8.-gQr',  a  fortified  post  of  British  India, 


32  miles  N.W.  of  Almora,  in  lat.  29°  57'  N.,  Ion.  79°  18' 
E.,  and  6460  feet  above  the  sea. 

Lobat,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Lor  at. 

Lobau,  lo'b5w,  an  island  of  Lower  Austria,  in  the  Dan- 
ube, 5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna. 

Lobau,  lo'bSw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Bautzen,  on  the  Saxon -Silesian  Railway.     Pop.  5852. 

Lobau  (Polish,  Lubawa,  loo-bi'^a),  a  town  of  West 
Prussia,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  two  small 
rivers.     Pop.  4506.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Lobbes,  lob  or  lob'b^s,  a  village  of  Belgium,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Charleroi,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  2800. 

Lo'beck,  a  station  in  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock. 

Lobeid,  a  town  of  Kordofan.     See  Obeid. 

Ldbejiin,  Id'b^-yiin^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg,     Pop.  3222. 

Lo'belville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co,,  Tenn.,  on  Buf- 
falo River,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Linden. 

Lpbendau,  lo'b^n-dSw^  a  village  of  Bohemia,  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1850. 

Lobenstein,  lo'b^n-stine^,  a  town  of  Reuss-Schleitz, 
Germany,  on  the  Lemnitz,  here  joined  by  the  Kosel,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Schleitz.     Pop.  2780. 

Lobnik,  lob'nik,  a  village  of  Austria,  Moravia,  16  miles 
from  Freudenthal.     Pop.  1150. 

Lob  Nor,  a  lake  of  Central  Asia.    See  Lop  Nor. 

Lo'bo,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Ox  Bow  River,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  London.  It  has  a  saw- 
and  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  brick-field,  and  2  cheese- 
factories.     Pop. 100. 

Lobon,  lo-Bon'  (anc.  Lieonf),  a  town  of  Spain,  Estro 
madura,  18  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  1435. 

Lobos,  lo'boce,  an  island  of  South  America,  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Uruguay,  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  estuary  of 
the  Rio  de  la  Plata.     Lat.  35°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  54°  39'  W. 

Lobos,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  coast  of 
Mexico.     Lat.  (S.W.  point)  27°  15'  N.;  Ion.  110°  46'  W. 

Lobos,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  province  of  Vera 
Cruz.     Lat.  21°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  8'  W. 

Lobos,  one  of  the  smaller  of  the  Canaries,  near  the  N. 
point  of  Fuerteventura.     Lat.  28°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  48'  W. 

Lobos,  a  small  island  in  the  Atlantic,  near  Cape  Blanco, 
N.W.  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  21°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  W. 

Lobos  Islands,  Peru.    See  Seal  Islands. 

Lobositz,  lo'bo-sits,  or  Lobosycze,  lo-bo-sitch'4, 
written  also  Lowosits,  lo'vo-sits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  4 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2209. 

Lobsens,  lob's^ns  (Polish,  Lobzeniko,  lob-zh4-nee'ko), 
a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bromberg, 
on  the  Lobsonka.     Pop.  2763 

Lobarg,  lo'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  18  miles 
E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bhle,     Pop.  2160. 

Locana,  lo-k4'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
25  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  5874. 

Lo^capil'ly,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  dominions,  82 
miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Locarno,  lo-kaR'no  (Ger.  Luggarus,  loo-g4'roo8),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  of  which  it  is  one 
of  the  three  capitals,  on  the  Lago  Maggiore,  near  its  N. 
extremity,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  2667. 

Locarno,  Lake  of,  Italy.    See  Lago  Maggiore. 

Locate,  lo-k4't4,Lokate-Triulzi,lo-k4't4-tre-ool'- 
zee,  or  Locate  San  Yittore,  lo-k4't4  s4n  vit-to'r4,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  milee  S.  of  Milan,  on  the 
Lambro.     Pop.  2133. 

Loccnm,  lok'kSSm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1664. 

Lochaber,  loK-4'b9r,  a  wild  and  mountainous  district 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  in  the  vicinity  of  Lochs 
Linnhe,  Leven,  and  Eil. 

Loch  Achray,  Iok  aE-r4',  a  small  picturesque  lake  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Stirling. 

Lochapoka,  Lee  co.,  Ala.    See  Loachapoka. 

Locharbor,  loK-ar'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita 
parish,  La.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Loch  Archaig,  Iok  ar-kaig',  a  beautiful  lake  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  district  of  Lochaber,  1  mile  W.  of 
Loch  Lochy.     Length,  about  17  miles. 

Loch  Ard,  Iok  ard,  a  small  and  fine  lake  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Perth,  2  miles  W,  of  Aberfoyle,  and  one  of  the  sources 
of  the  river  Forth. 

Lochar  Moss,  loK'ar  moss,  a  morass  of  Scotland,  oo. 
of  Dumfries,  extending  from  the  Solway  Firth,  N.W. 
Length,  10  miles ;  breadth,  from  2  to  3  miles. 

Loch'artville,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  near  the  Avon,  2i  miles  from  Hantsport.     Pop.  275. 


LOO 


1676 


LOO 


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Loch  Aven,  Iok  i'ven,  a  small  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Banfif,  and  at  its  S.B.  extremity,  enclosed  by  the  lofty  moun- 
tains Cairngorm  and  Ben-Maodhui.  Aven  or  Avon  is  the 
name  of  several  Scotch  rivers. 

Loch  Awe,  Iok  aw,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Argyle, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Inverary.  Length,  from  S.W.  to  N.E., 
23  miles;  average  breadth,  1  mile.  It  contains  an  island 
jdith  a  ruined  monastery.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Urchan  River  and  Loch  Avich,  and  it  discharges  its  own 
by  the  river  Awe  into  Loch  Etive.  Bencruachan  Moun- 
tain, 3670  feet  in  elevation,  rises  on  the  N.W. 

Loch  Broom  is  an  extensive  arm  of  the  sea,  between 
the  cos.  of  Boss  and  Cromarty,  lat.  58°  N.,  Ion.  5°  15' 
W.,  containing  numerous  islands.  Little  Loch  Bboom  is 
an  inlet  on  the  S.  side. 

Loch^broom',  a  settlement  in  Pictou  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  S.E.  side  of  Pictou  Harbor,  8  miles  from  Pictou. 

Lochcarrou,  loK-kir'rffn,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Ross,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean  of  the  same  name,  about  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Augustus.  It  has  the  remains  of  a 
castle  of  the  Macdonalds. 

Loch  Corris'kin,  a  small  lake  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Isle  of  Skye,  near  its  S.  coast,  12J  miles  S.  of  Portree. 
Length,  2  miles.     It  is  deep,  and  noted  for  its  wild  scenery. 

Loch  Coraishk,  Iok  ko-roo'ishk,  a  small  lake  of  Scot- 
land, Isle  of  Skye,  12  miles  S.  of  Portree,  from  1  to  2  miles 
in  length  by  i  mile  in  breadth. 

Loch  Creran,  Iok  kree'ran,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  extending  S.E.  from  Loch  Linnhe. 

Loch  Crinan,  Iok  kree'nan,  a  small  arm  of 'the  sea  in 
Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast,  about  5  miles  E.  of  the  N.  end 
of  the  island  of  Jura.  At  the  head  of  the  loch  is  the  en- 
trance to  the  Crind.n  Canal. 

Loch  Doon,  Iok  doon,  of  Scotland,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Ayr,  is  about  5  miles  in  length,  and  J  of  a  mile  in  breadth. 
It  is  enclosed  by  mountains,  and  has  an  islet  on  which  are 
the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Loch  Earn,  Iok  ^Rn,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  and  24 
miles  W.  of  Perth.  Circumference,  about  19  miles.  Depth 
said  to  be  100  fathoms.  Benvoirlich  is  the  loftiest  of  the 
mountains  surrounding  this  lake. 

Loch  £arn,  a  river  issuing  from  the  above  lake,  flows 
B.  through  the  rich  valley  of  Stratheam,  and  joins  the  Tay, 
after  a  course  of  30  miles,  near  Abernethy.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  50  tons  to  the  Bridge  of  Earn,  a  small  water- 
ing-place, 3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Perth. 

Loch  £ck,  loK  §k,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
between  Lochs  Long  and  Fyne.     Length,  7  miles. 

Lochee,  loK'ee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Forfar, 
within  the  limits  of  Dundee.  It  has  jute-  and  flax-mills. 
Pop.  10,812. 

Loch  Eil,  loK  eel,  a  salt-water  lake  of  Scotland,  form- 
ing the  upper  part  of  Loch  Linnhe,  on  the  borders  of  the 
counties  of  Argyle  and  Inverness. 

Lochem,  loK'^m,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  9  miles  E.  of  Zutphen.     Pop.  2214. 

Loch  £riboll,  Iok  Sr'e-boll,  an  arm  of  the  sea  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland.  It  is  about  10 
miles  in  length. 

Loch  Ericht,  Iok  Sr'iKt,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Perth  and  Inverness.  Length,  14  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile, 
^t  lies  in  a  vast  uninhabited  district,  the  wildest  and  most 
inaccessible  in  Scotland. 

Loches,  losh  (ano.  Lochia  f),  a  town  of  France,  in  In- 
dre-et- Loire,  on  the  Indre,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Tours.  Pop. 
3689.  It  stands  on  a  declivity  crowned  by  its  old  castle, 
the  state  prison  of  Louis  XI. 

Loch  Etive,  Iok  fit'iv,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Argyle.  Length,  about  20 
miles ;  breadth,  often  very  narrow.     Scenery,  beautiful. 

Loch  Ewe,  loK  yoo,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross.  It  is  connected  by  a 
•hort  river  with  Loch  Maree. 

Loch  Fad,  Iok  fad,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  Isle  of  Bute,  1 
mile  S.B.  of  Rothesay.     Length,  5  miles. 

Loch  Fyne  (or  Fine),  Iok  fin,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  commencing  between  the  islands 
of  Bute  and  Arran,  and  running  up  between  the  districts 
of  Kintyre  and  Cowal  for  about  40  miles,  with  an  average 
breadth  of  about  5  miles.  The  town  of  Inverary  stands 
near  the  head  of  this  loch. 

Loch  Garry,  Iok  gir'ree,  a  small  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Perth,  in  the  wild  district  of  Athol.  The  river  Garry, 
flowing  from  this  lake,  after  an  impetuous  E.S.E.  course 
of  20  miles,  joins  the  Tummel  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Athol. 

Loch  Garry,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  oo.,  Ontario, 
B  miles  from  Alexandria.     Pou.  100. 


Loch-Gelly,  loK-gh£l'lee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  eo. 
of  Fife,  7  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Dunfermline,  with  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  2496. 

Lochgilp  Head,  loK-gilp'  hid,  a  burgh  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  on  Loch  Gilp,  a  branch  of  Loch  Fyne,  19 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Inverary.  Pop.  1642.  It  has  an  asylum, 
a  prison,  and  steam  communication  with  Glasgow,  and  is 
the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Argyle. 

Loch  Grannoch,  Iok  gr&n'noK,  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
stewartry  of  Kirkcudbright.  Length,  about  3  miles ;  breadth, 
i  mile.  It  is  extremely  deep,  and  abounds  with  the  finest 
trout  and  char. 

Loch  Grainard,  Iok  grii'nard,  a  bay  and  inlet  of  Scot- 
land, on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  co.  of  Ross,  between  Looha 
Broome  and  Ewe. 

Loch  Hourn,  Iok  hoorn,  an  inlet  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Inverness,  stretching  inland  from  the  Sound  of  Skye  for  13 
miles.     At  its  mouth  it  is  5  miles  across. 

Lochiel,  lo-keel',  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  li  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Lochiel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lewis- 
burg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Lewis- 
burg. 

Lochiel,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co..  Wis. 

Lochinoch,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Lochwinnocb. 

Lochiuvar,  loK-in-var',  a  lake  of  Scotland,  stewartry 
of  Kirkcudbright.  Circuit,  3  miles.  Here  are  remains  of  a 
castle  of  the  Gordons,  knights  of  Lochinvar,  built  on  an 
island  in  the  lake. 

Loch  Katrine,  Iok  ka'trin  (or  kat'rin),  written  also 
Cateran,  Katherin,  or  Keturin,  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county  of  Perth,  9i  miles  W.  of  Cal- 
lander, and  5  miles  E.  of  Loch  Lomond.  Length,  10  miles ; 
breadth,  2  miles.  It  is  deep,  and  surrounded  by  lofty 
mountains  and  rocky  wooded  ravines.  It  supplies  Glasgow 
with  water.  Its  waters  are  discharged  at  its  E.  end  (where 
is  the  celebrated  pass  of  the  Trosaohs)  by  a  stream  which 
flows  into  Loch  Aohray.  The  glowing  descriptions  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  in  "  The  Lady  of  the  Lake,"  first  drew  public 
attention  to  this  romantic  region. 

Loch  Leveu,  Iok  Idv'^n,  of  Scotland,  is  in  the  county 
of  Kinross.  Circuit,  about  11  miles.  It  contains  several 
islands,  on  one  of  which,  near  Kinross,  are  the  remains  of 
a  famous  castle,  in  which  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  was  confined 
in  1567-8,  and  from  which  she  made  her  escape  shortly  be- 
fore the  battle  of  Langside. 

Loch  Leven,  a  narrow  arm  of  Loch  Linnhe,  from 
which  it  stretches  E.  for  12  miles,  between  the  counties  of 
Argyle  and  Inverness.  On  its  S.  side  is  the  wild  vale  of 
Glenooe. 

Loch  Leven,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Miss. 

Loch'ieven,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va, 

Loch  Linnhe,  Iok  lin'nee,  a  large  inlet  of  the  sea,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  the  cos.  of  Argyle  and 
Inverness,  joining  Loch  Eil  on  the  N.  Length,  20  miles ; 
breadth,  8  miles.  Its  branohes  are  Lochs  Etive,  Creran, 
and  Leven. 

Loch  Lochy,  Iok  loK'ee,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  In- 
verness, forming  one  of  the  chain  of  lakes  of  the  Great 
Caledonian  Glen.     Length,  about  9  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Loch  Lomond,  Iok  lo'm^nd,  the  largest  lake  of  Scot- 
land, between  the  cos.  of  Stirling  and  Dumbarton,  6  miles 
N.  of  Dumbarton,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Glasgow.  Length, 
N.  to  S.,  nearly  21  miles  j  greatest  breadth,  7  to  8  miles ; 
narrowing  to  1  mile  at  the  N.  end.  Area,  40  square  miles. 
It  is  studded  with  islands,  and  surrounded  by  mountains 
and  valleys,  displaying  striking  scenes  of  grandeur  and 
beauty.  It  receives  the  Endrick,  Luss,  Fruin,  and  other 
streams,  and  discharges  its  superfluous  waters  at  its  S.  ex- 
tremity into  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  by  the  river  Leven.  Several 
fine  seats  and  ancient  ruins  adorn  the  shores  of  this  lake, 
on  which  steamers  ply  for  the  accommodation  of  tourists. 
See  Ben-Lomond. 

Loch  Lo'mond,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  Va 

Loch  Lo'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Loch  Lomond,  37  miles  from  Sydney.    Pop.  100. 

Loch  Long,  a  branch  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  Scotland, 
extending  N.,  opposite  Gourock,  for  20  miles,  between  the 
cos.  of  Argyle  and  Dumbarton.  Breadth,  1  to  2  miles ; 
depth,  15  to  20  fathoms.  At  its  head  is  Arrochar,  to  which 
steamers  ply  from  Glasgow. 

Loch  Long,  or  Loch  Ling,  a  branch  of  Loch  Alsh. 
CO.  of  Ross,  between  Loch  Alsh  parish  and  Kintail. 

Lochmaben,  loK-mi'b^n,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  8  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Dumfries.  It  is  beautifully 
situated  on  rising  ground,  and  encircled  by  a  chain  of  8 
small  lakes.     It  has  ruins  of  the  castle  of  Robert  Bruce.     I< 


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1677 


LOG 


joins  with  Dumfries,  Annan,  Kirkcudbright,  and  Sanquhar 
in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  1244. 

Loch  Maddy,  Iok  m&d'dee,  a  large  bay  of  Scotland, 
in  the  Hebrides,  on  the  E,  side  of  the  island  of  North  Uist. 
It  has  numerous  branches,  and  a  central  group  of  islands. 

Loch  Maree,  Iok  mi-ree',  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Boss,  near  the  W.  coast.  Length,  20  miles.  It  is  studded 
with  islands,  and  is  surrounded  by  the  wildest  scenery. 
The  Ewe  carries  its  superfluous  waters  N.W.  into  Lake  Ewe. 

Loch-Na-Gar,  loK^-na-gar',  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
00.  of  Aberdeen,  Grampian  range.     Height,  3777  feet. 

Loch-Na-Sealg,  loK^-na-sailg',  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
cos.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dingwall, 

7  miles  long  by  1  mile  broad. 

Loch  Naver,  Iok  n^'var,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Sutherland,  near  its  centre.     Length,  6  miles. 

Loch  XesS)  Iok  ndss,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Inverness,  forming  a  portion  of  the  Caledonian 
Canal.  Length,  about  23  miles ;  average  breadth,  1^  miles. 
It  discharges  itself  into  the  Moray  Firth  by  the  river  Ness, 

8  miles  in  length. 

Loch  Oich,  loK  oiK,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inver- 
ness, forming  the  summit-level  of  the  Caledonian  Canal. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  6  miles ;  average  breadth,  1 
mile.  It  receives  the  Glengarry  River,  and  empties  itself 
into  Loch  Ness  by  the  river  Oich.  At  the  mouth  of  the 
Glengarry  stand  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle,  and  near  it  is  the 
present  mansion  of  Invergarry. 

Loch  Rannoch,  Iok  ran'noK,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Perth,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Athol.  Length,  9  miles; 
breadth,  2  miles.  It  is  enclosed  by  high  mountains,  and 
contains  two  islands.  Its  superfluous  waters  are  carried  E. 
into  an  affluent  of  the  Tay.  The  villages  of  George's  Town 
and  Kinloch-Rannoch  are  at  either  extremity. 

Lochrutton,  loK-rilt'tgn,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  5  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Dumfries.  It  has  a  fine  lake,  remains  of  several 
towers,  and  a  Druidical  circle. 

Loch  Ryan,  Iok  ri'an,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  in  its  S.W. 
part,  commences  at  the  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
nearly  opposite  the  Mull  of  Kintyre,  and  projects  10  miles 
S.S.E.  Average  breadth,  about  2  miles.  It  forms  a  safe 
and  commodious  harbor  for  the  largest  fleet. 

Loch  Seaforth,  Iok  see'fQrth,  an  arm  of  the  sea  in  the 
Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  partially  divides  Lewis  from  Harris. 

Loch  Shel'drake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Fallsburg  township,  3  miles  from  Hurleyville. 

Loch  Shin,  Iok  shin,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Suther- 
land, parish  of  Lairg,  from  which  village  it  extends  for 
about  17  miles  N.W.,  by  1  mile  in  breadth.  It  discharges 
its  surplus  waters  southward  into  the  Oikel. 

Lochside,  loK'sid,  a  post-hamlet  on  Looh  Lomond 
Lake,  Richmond  co..  Cape  Breton  Island,  69  miles  from 
Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  100. 

Loch  (Iok)  Sker'row,  a  highly  picturesque  lake  of 
Scotland,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire,  8  miles  N.  of  Gatehouse, 
2  miles  in  circuit,  and  studded  with  richly-wooded  islands. 

Loch  Sunart,  Iok  soo'nart,  an  inlet  of  the  sea  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  between  Ardnamurchan 
on  the  N.  and  Morven  and  the  island  of  Mull  on  the  S. 
Length,  22  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles  at  its  communication  S. 
with  the  Sound  of  Mull.  It  contains  Oransay,  Carnich,  and 
other  islets.     On  its  banks  are  Strontian  and  Ardnamurchan. 

Loch  Tay,  Iok  t4,  Scotland,  in  Breadalbane,  is  15  miles 
in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  and  from  100  to  600  feet  in 
depth,  surrounded  by  mountains,  Ben  Lawers,  3945  feet  in 
height,  being  on  its  W.  side.  It  receives  the  Doohart  and 
Lochy  Rivers  at  the  S.E.,  and  discharges  itself  by  the  Tay 
at  Kenmore,  its  N.E.  extremity.  It  has  been  occasionally 
subject  to  extraordinary  risings  of  its  waters. 

Loch  Torridon,  Iok  tor're-dgn,  an  inlet  of  the  sea 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  between  Applecross 
and  Gairloch  peninsulas,  12  miles  in  length. 

Loch  Vo'el,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  and  the 
source  of  the  Balvaig,  the  principal  aflluent  of  the  Teith. 
Length,  3  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Lochwinnoch,  loK-win'noK,  or  Lochinoch,  Iok- 
in'oK,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  on  the  Glasgow 
<fc  Ayr  Railway,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  1683. 

Lochwitza,  or  Lochwiza.     See  Lokhvitsa. 

Lochy  (loK'ee)  River,  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness, 
has  a  S.W.  course  of  about  10  miles.  At  its  junction  with 
Loch  Eil  is  Fort  William ;  a  little  above  is  Inverloohy  Castlo. 

Lochy  River,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Perth, 
in  the  picturesque  vale  of  Glenlochy,  after  a  course  of  about 
15  miles,  joins  the  Doohart  near  its  junction  with  Loch  Tay. 

Lock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Milford  town- 
ship, about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 


Lock  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Clyde  River,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn.  It  is  4  milea 
W.  of  Clyde.     It  has  a  church  and  nearly  30  houses. 

Lockbonrne,  ISk'bum,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co. 
0.,  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the 
Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  large  distillery.     Pop.  281. 

Locke,  Idk,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,in  Locke 
township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goshen.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  167  j  of  township,  882. 

Locke,  a  post-township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  about  16 
miles  E.  of  Lansing,  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing 
&  Lake  Michigan  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber, staves,  heading,  <fcc.     Pop.  1423. 

Locke,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  21  miles 
S.  of  Auburn,  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road (Locke  Station),  and  the  Owasco  Inlet,  which  flows  in 
a  deep  valley.     Pop.  1131.    Locke  Post-Office  is  at  Milan. 

Locke,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1119. 

Lockeford,  16k'f9rd,  or  Lock'ford,  a  post- village  of 
San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Mokelumne  River,  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Stockton.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Locke  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex. 

Locke  Port,  or  Locke's  (ISks)  Island,  a  post-town 
in  Shelbume  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Ragged  Island  Harbor,  37 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Shelbume.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  con- 
tains a  branch  bank,  a  number  of  stores,  and  2  hotels.  An 
extensive  trade  is  done  in  West  India  produce  and  in  the 
fisheries.     Pop.  400. 

Lock'erby,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  at  a 
railway  junction,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Annan.     Pop.  1683. 

Locke's,  15ks,  a  station  in  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on  the 
New  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Hooking  Valley  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Logan. 

Lockesbnrg,  ISks'burg,  or  Locks'bnrg,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Sevier  oo.,  Ark.,  about  140  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Little  Rook.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Locke's  (Idks)  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Armagh  township,  3  miles  from  Milroy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Locke's  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  65 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  spools. 

Lock'hart,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1829. 

Lockhart,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  oo..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Meridian. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Lockhart,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lockhart,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex., 
15  miles  N.  of  Luling,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Aus- 
tin. It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  718 ;  in  1890,  1233. 

Lockhart's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Parkersburg. 

Lockhart's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lock  Ha'ven,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa., 
is  beautifully  situated  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth"  of  Bald 
Eagle  Creek,  on  the  West  Branch  Canal,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Williamsport,  223  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie,  and  69 
miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  Its  site  is  described  as  a  triangular 
valley  formed  by  three  mountain-ridges,  the  openings  be- 
tween which  afford  beautiful  views  in  various  directions. 
It  contains  13  churches,  a  state  normal  school,  a  Catholic 
academy,  4  select  schools,  2  national  banks,  2  good  hotels, 
gas-works,  3  newspaper  offices,  8  steam  lumber-mills,  2 
steam  tanneries,  several  iron-foundries,  machine-shops, 
planing-mills,  breweries,  Ac.  Pine  lumber  is  the  chief 
export.  A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Pop.  in  1860, 
3349;  in  1870,  6986;  in  1880,  5845;  in  1890,  7358. 

Lock^Hoi,  lok-hoi',  a  seaport  town  of  China,  E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Hainan,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river.  Lat. 
19°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  25'  E.  It  is  a  large  place,  surrounded 
by  walls  and  ramparts  30  feet  thick,  and  entered  by  four 
gates  facing  the  cardinal  points.  The  streets  are  paved, 
but  narrow ;  the  houses,  built  of  brick,  never  exceed  two 
stories  in  height;  the  shops  are  well  supplied  with  mer- 
chandise.    Pop.  about  90,000. 

Lock'ington,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  <fc  Erie  Canal,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Miami  River, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Piqua.  It  is  2i  miles  from  Pontiac  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  214. 

Lock'land,  or  Lockland  Station,  a  post-vilIag« 


LOC 


1678 


LOC 


of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal,  and  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  12  miles  N. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office, 
a  nursery,  2  paper-mills,  and  2  flour-mills.    P,  (1890)  2474. 

Lock  No.  4,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lock'port,  a  post-village  of  Will  co..  111.,  in  Lockport 
township,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  on  the  Illinois  &  Michi- 
gan Canal,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  32i 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Joliet.  It 
is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery,  and  has  water-power, 
and  valuable  quarries  of  limestone.  It  contains  8  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill,  a  large  flour-mill,  4  car- 
riage-shops, &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  2449;  of  township,  4088. 

Lockport,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  Ind..  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie 
Canal,  about  13  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Logansport.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches.     Pop.  176. 

IiOCkport,  a  hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati 
&  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

liOCkport,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  White- 
water River,  and  on  the  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &,  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Cambridge. 

liOCkport,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Lockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Fourohe  parish.  La.,  on 
Bayou  La  Fourche,  47  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  canal.     It  has  a  church. 

Lockport,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  is 
drained  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  contains  the  large 
village  of  Three  "Rivers.     Pop.  3892. 

Lockport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Lockport  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
Rochester  <fc  Niagara  division  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  56i  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.  It  is  285  miles  by  railroad  or  about  330  miles 
by  canal  W.  by  N.  of  Albany.  It  is  partly  built  on  the 
declivities  of  a  terrace  or  long  ridge,  called  the  "  Mountain 
Ridge."  The  canal  here  descends  about  60  feet  from  the 
level  of  Lake  Erie  to  the  Genesee  level  by  10  double  com- 
bined locks  of  massive  masonry.  The  abundant  hydraulic 
power  thus  obtained  is  one  of  the  main  sources  of  the  pros- 
perity of  the  city,  and  is  utilized  in  numerous  mills  and 
factories.  The  canal  here  passes  through  a  deep  channel 
which  has  been  cut  in  solid  limestone  and  is  several  miles 
in  extent.  Lockport  contains  15  churches,  a  large  union 
school-house,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  It 
has  also  a  Catholic  female  academy,  6  or  more  flouring-mills 
(some  of  which  are  of  the  first  class),  numerous  saw-mills, 
a  woollen-factory,  several  iron-foundries,  machine-shops, 
Ac.  Here  are  extensive  quarries  of  Niagara  limestone,  an 
excellent  material  for  building,  which  give  employment  to 
several  hundred  men.  At  this  place  the  railroad  crosses 
the  canal  by  a  viaduct  60  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
water.  Lockport  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1865.  Pop. 
(1890)  16,038;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  2773. 

Lockport,  a  station  in  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Central 
Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Newark. 

Lockport,  a  village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  adjacent  to  New  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church,  a  brewery,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  paper- 
mill.     Pop.  250. 

Lockport,  a  hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on  Tiffin  River, 
about  48  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 

Lockport,  a  village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Lock  Haven, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  has  a  large 
hotel.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lockport,  a  borough  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver  & 
Erie  Canal,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Erie,  and  1  mile  E.  of 
the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  405.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Platea. 

Lockport,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata 
River,  i  mile  from  Anderson's  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lockport,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Allen- 
town,  also  on  the  Lehigh  River. 

Lockport,  or  Lockport  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  gas-retorts. 

Lockport,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cumberland  River,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville. 


Lockport  Junction,  a  station  in  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rochester  &  Niagara  division  of  the  Central  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Buffalo  A  Lockport  Branch,  3 
miles  W.  of  Lockport. 

Lock'ridge,a  post-village  in  Lockridge  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  elevator,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  300.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Skunk  River, 
and  has  a  population  of  1675. 

LocksDurg,  Sevier  co..  Ark.    See  Lockesburg. 

Lock  Sev^enteen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co., 
0.,  in  Clay  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  the  Ohio 
Canal,  and  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  93  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Lock  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  65 
miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lock  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Council  Blufifs  &  Omaha  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Lock's  Yil'lage,  a  small  post-village  of  Franklin  oo., 
Mass.,  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
mineral  spring. 

Lock'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Flemington,  and  about  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Lock'ville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

Lockville,  a  post-village  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  ia  on 
Deep  River  (which  here  falls  24  feet  and  affords  water- 
power),  and  on  the  Raleigh  A  Augusta  Railroad,  33  miles 
S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  an  academy,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Lockville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  Canal  and  the  Columbus  A  Hocking  Valley  Railroad, 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  131. 

Lockville,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa. 

Lockville,  a  post- village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Iroquois.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  hotel, 
and  an  ashery.     Pop.  100. 

Lock'wood,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  li  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huddersfield.  Pop.  18,270.  It 
is  visited  for  its  medicinal  watess. 

Lockwood,  a  station  in  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Lake  Erie,  Evansville  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E. 
of  Evansville. 

Lockwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.     It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  2  shingle-mills. 

Lockwood,  a  post-office  of  Merrick  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Island,  Neb. 

Lockwood's,  township,  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.    P.  874. 

Locle,  or  Le  Locle,  l§h  lok'I,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Neufchatel,  in  a  val- 
ley of  the  same  name,  traversed  by  the  Bied,  nearly  3000 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  an  orphan  asylum,  a  hospital  for 
old  men,  and  important  manufactures  of  clocks  and  watches, 
jewelry,  and  lace.  Near  Locle,  the  Bied  disappears  in  » 
rocky  chasm,  which,  not  having  large  enough  vent  for  the 
water  when  increased  by  melting  snows,  formerly  caused  dis- 
astrous inundations.  The  danger  has  now  been  removed 
by  an  aqueduct,  consisting  of  a  tunnel  950  feet  long,  cut 
through  the  solid  limestone  rock,  which  encompasses  the 
valley  and  carries  the  superfluous  water  into  the  Doubs. 
The  chasm  where  the  Bied  disappears  is  100  feet  deep,  and, 
to  render  the  fall  available,  several  mills,  one  above  the 
other,  have  been  constructed  within  it.     Pop.  10,334. 

Locmariquer,  lok^mi^ree^kaiB',  a  village  of  Franoa 
in  Morbihan,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  663. 

Locmine,  lok^meen',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pontivy,     Pop.  1871. 

Locorotondo,  lo-ko-ro-ton'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  7139. 

Locri,  the  ancient  name  of  Gerace. 

Locse,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Leutschau. 

Locsmand,  lotoh^m&nd',  or  Lothmansburg,  lot'- 
mins-b55R6\  a  town  of  Hungary,  6  miles  N.E,  of  Giins. 

Lo'cust,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  111.     Pop.  825. 

Locust,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Gallon. 

Locust,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1534. 

Locust  Av'enue,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Jamaica. 

Locust  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co., 
Ark.,  9  or  10  miles  E.  of  Camden. 

Locust  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 


LOG 


1679 


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Locust  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Estill  co.,  Ej.,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Harris  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Locust  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
about  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Locust  Cot'tage,  a  post-ofiQce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 

Locust  Creek  rises  in  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa,  and  runs 
Bouthward  into  Missouri.  It  traverses  the  cos,  of  Putnam, 
Sullivan,  and  Linn,  and  enters  the  Grand  River  at  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Chariton  co.  It  is  about  100  miles  long. 
An  affluent  called  West  Locust  Creek  runs  southward 
through  the  cos.  of  Putnam  and  Sullivan,  and  enters  the 
Locust  in  Linn  co.  The  upper  part  of  the  main  stream  is 
sometimes  called  Middle  Locust. 

Locust  Creek,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.    P.  2398. 

Locust  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Locust  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Reading  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  several  branches, 
6  miles  W.  of  Ashland. 

Locust  Dale,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Rapidan.     It  has  an  academy,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac. 

Locust  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  ou  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Shamokin  division  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  and  also  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Shamokin.   Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  about 
38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  several  churches. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  about 
28  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Carbondale. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  13  miles  from  Choteau  Railroad  Station. 

Locust  Grove,  a  township  of  Fremont  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  389. 

Locust  Grove,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1112,  exclusive  of  Batavia. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  about 
40  miles  E.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  from  a  steamboat- 
landing  on  Sassafras  River. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Port  Leyden. 

Locust  Grove,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Winfield. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  103. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co,.  Pa. 

Locust  Grove,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Harrisburg  to  Columbia),  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Locust  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  12  miles 
from  Shawsville  Station.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  church. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  Va. 

Locust  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  22  miles  N.N.B.  of  Macon 
City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Locust  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C.,  about 
66  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  Pop.  1781,  It  contains  4 
churches.     Tobacco  is  its  staple  product. 

Locust  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo..  Pa., 
about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Locust  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 

Locust  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasant  township, 
Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Deoorah.  It  has 
a  church. 

Locust  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in 
Canoe  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Locust  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Locust  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C.,  27 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  chair-factory.  Gold 
is  found  near  this  place. 

Locust  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co,.  Mo,,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Locust  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  7  miles  N.  of  Jonesborough. 

Locust  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va., 
on  a  small  inlet  of  the  sea,  30  miles  S,  of  Franklin  Rail- 
road Station.     Oysters  abound  here. 

Locust  Mountain,  a  ridge  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  is  a 
continuation  of  Broad  Mountain. 

Locust  Point,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Locust  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on 
Toussaint  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Port  Clinton.  It  has  a 
church. 

Locust  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  oo.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Locust  Spring,  a  post-offioe  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Locust  Sum'init,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.. 


Pa.,  on  the  Mine  Hill  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  a  branch  road,  in  the  anthracite  region,  1 
mile  S.E.  of  Locust  Gap. 

Locust  Tree,  a  hamlet  of  Niagara  oo.,  N.T.,  5  milei 
S.  of  Gasport. 

Locust  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Oyster  Bay  township. 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  near  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Brooklyn,     It  has  4  general  stores. 

Locust  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of"  Lehigh  co,.  Pa.,  IJ 
miles  from  Coopersburg,  and  9  miles  S,  by  E.  of  Allentown. 

Lo'custville,  a  hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Pocomoke  River,  6i  miles  from  Newark.     It  has  a  church. 

Locustville,  a  village  in  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Wood  River 
Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  drugs,  Ac  Pop.  220. 
It  is  adjacent  to  Hope  Valley. 

Locustville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S,  of  Accomack  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Locz,  lots,  a  village  of  Hnngary,  oo,  of  Neograd,  near 
Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  1204. 

Lod,  or  Kis  Lod,  Kish  lod,  a  village  of  Hungary,  13 
miles  from  Veszprim.     Pop.  125<). 

Lo'da,  or  Oakal'la,  a  post- village  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  in  Loda  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
(Chicago  division),  4  miles  N.E.  of  Paxton.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  creamery, 
tile-works,  several  stores,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  598;  of  the  township,  1323. 

Lod'don,  a  river  of  England,  flows  into  the  Thames 
near  Wargrave.     Length,  30  miles. 

Loddon,  a  river  of  England,  co,  of  Hereford,  tributary 
to  the  Frome, 

Loddon,  a  river  of  Australia,  Victoria,  flows  N.W.  ana 
joins  the  Murray,     Length,  150  miles. 

Loddon,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich.     Pop,  1134. 

Lodeinoje-Poie,  Russia.    See  Ladeinob-Pole. 

Lodelinsart,  loM^h-liNo^sar',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  3200, 

Lode'mia,  a  post-offioe  of  Livingston  co..  111. 

Lod^ve,  lo^daiv'  (anc.  Lute'va,  or  Fo'rum  Nero'nis),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  H4rault,  in  a  pretty  valley, 
at  the  foot  of  the  CSvennes,  on  the  Lergue,  here  spanned 
by  a  handsome  bridge,  33  miles  W.N.W,  of  Montpellier.  It 
is  irregularly  built,  and  has  an  old  cathedral,  containing  a 
fine  mausoleum  of  white  marble,  important  manufactures 
of  army  clothing  and  of  woollen  stuffs,  chemical  products, 
leather,  hosiery,  soap,  and  wax  candles,  and  a  trade  in 
woollens,  wine,  brandy,  almonds,  <fcc.  LodSve  possesses 
mineral  springs,  once  much  resorted  to.  In  the  vicinity 
is  a  grotto  with  fine  stalactites.     Pop.  10,198. 

Lodge,  16j,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  in  Sanga- 
mon township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.  of  Monticello. 

Lodge  Pole,  a  post-office  of  Cheyenne  co..  Neb.,  on 
Lodge  Pole  Creek,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.W,  of  Julesburg,  Col.     Elevation,  3800  feet. 

Lodge  Pole  Creek  rises  in  the  S.E,  part  of  Wy- 
oming, runs  eastward  into  Nebraska,  and  enters  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Platte  River  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Colorado, 
at  Julesburg.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Lodhikera,  lod^he-kee'r%,  a  town  of  the  Chindwara 
district,  India.     Pop.  5219. 

T-odi,  lo'dee,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  on  the  Adda, 
here  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge  609  feet  long,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  road  to  Piacenza.  Pop.  19,088. 
It  was  founded  in  1158  by  the  Emperor  Frederick  I.,  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  is  generally  well  built,  but  dirty.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  a  citadel  of  the  fifteenth  century,  now  con- 
verted into  barracks,  a  cathedral  with  some  remarkable 
antiquities  and  paintings,  18  other  churches,  a  large  hos- 
pital, and  a  theatre.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a 
gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  orphan  and  foundling  asy- 
lums, a  public  library,  manufactures  of  linens,  silks,  porce- 
lain, chemical  products,  and  an  active  trade,  especially  in 
Parmesan  cheese.  On  the  10th  of  May,  1796,  Napoleon 
here  gained  a  decisive  victory  over  the  Austrians. 

Lo'di,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Stockton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  large  school- 
hofuse,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  bricks,  and  furni- 
ture. It  is  In  a  farming  and  fruit-raising  district.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1013. 

Lodi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Chatta- 
hoochee River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  7  milea 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Newnan.     It  has  a  cotton-factory. 


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1680 


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Lodi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barber  oo., 'Kansas,  11  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Medicine  Lodge,  the  capital  of  the 
jounty. 

Lodi)  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  about  6 
-niles  S.  of  Kalkaska. 

Lodi,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1264. 

Lodi,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  296.  It 
contains  Taopi. 

Lodi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Miss.,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Winona.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Lodi,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Lodi  town- 
ship, on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  about  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Paterson.  It  has  4  churches,  and  contains  the  Lodi 
Chemical  Works,  some  dye-works,  and  the  villages  of  Carl- 
stadt  and  Corona.  The  Passaic  River  touches  the  W.  part 
of  the  township.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  5131. 

Lodij  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lodi  town- 
ship, about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  2i  miles  E.  of  Seneca 
Lake,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Ovid.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory.  Pop.  about  350.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Seneca  Lake.     Pop.  1896. 

liOdi,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1551. 

Lodi)  a  post-village  in  Harrisville  township,  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Wheeling  <k  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  N. 
of  Wooster.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  churches,  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  450.    See  also  West  Lodi. 

Lodi)  a  post-oflSce  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

Lodi,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tex. 

Lodi)  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Lodi)  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  in  Lodi 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20 
miles  N\N.W.  of  Madison,  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Baraboo. 
It  has  4  churclies,  4  flouring-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  threshing-machines. 
Pop.  725.  The  Wisconsin  River  touches  the  N.W.  corner 
of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1448. 

Lodiana)  a  town  of  India.    See  Loodiana. 

Lodiana)  lo-de-an'a,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Peace  Station. 

Lo'di  CentrC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lodi  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Elmira. 

Lodi  Junction)  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  A  New 
York  Railroad,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Lodi  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  from  New  York. 

Lodi  Landing,  New  York.    See  Be  Mott. 

Lodi  Station,  Kane  co.,  Illinois.    See  Lodi. 

Lodi  VecchiO)  lo'dee  vfik'ke-o,  or  Old  Lodi  (ano. 
Laua  Pompe'ia),  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of  Lodi.  It 
was  founded  by  the  father  of  Pompey  the  Great.     P.  3495. 

Lodomeria)  Austrian  Poland.    See  Galicia. 

Lo^domil'lO)  a  township  of  Clayton  CO.,  Iowa.    P.  1115. 

Lodore,  lo-dor',  a  cascade  of  England,  in  Cumberland, 
oQ  a  small  affluent  of  the  Derwent- Water,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  lake,  3  miles  S.  of  Keswick. 

Lodore,  l5-d5r',  a  post-office  of  Amelia  co.,  Va. 

Lodosa,  lo-do'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the 
Ebro,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2730. 

Lod'wick)  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tex. 

LodZ)  lodz,  or  Lodsi)  a  town  of  Poland,  government 
and  75  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  39,078.  It 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Loean,  loo-&n',  Loewang,  or  Looang,  loo-&ng',  an 
island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Timor  and  Timor 
Laut.     Lat.  8°  10'  S.;  Ion.  128°  30'  E. 

Loehoe,  loo^hoo',  Loeboe,  loo^boo',  LoewoC)  or 
LuAVU)  looVoo',  a  native  state  in  the  island  of  Celebes, 
lying  on  the  N.  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Boni,  and  once  the 
greatest  kingdom  in  the  island.  Its  capital,  of  the  same 
name,  is  situated  on  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf. 
Lat.  2°  54'  S.    The  country  produces  iron  and  gold. 

LoeneU)  loo'n§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Veoht. 

Loenhont)  loon'hSwt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1900. 

Loevenstein)  loo'v§n-stine\  a  fort  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  on  the  Waal,  10  miles  W.  of  Bommel. 

LoffenaU)  lof  f^h-nSw^  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiir- 
temberg,  circle  of  Black  Forest.     Pop.  1265. 

Loffingen,  lof'fing-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  among  the 
mountains  of  the  Black  Forest,  41  miles  W.N.W.  of  Con- 
stance.   Pop.  1084. 

LoffodeU)  lof-fo'd§n,  Lofo'den,  or  Lofo'teU)  a 
group  of  islands  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway,  between  lat. 
67°  30'  and  69°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  16°  E.,  and  stretch- 
ing from  S.W.  to  N.E.  about  175  miles.  The  largest  are 
AndSen.  LaagSen,  Hindoen,  East  and  West  Vaagen,  and 


Flagstad.  They  have  almost  all  bold,  precipitous,  rugged, 
and  deeply-indented  coasts,  and  an  elevated  and  very  sterile 
interior,  several  of  them  containing  mountains  which,  though 
not  very  lofty,  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  The  coasts 
only  of  the  islands  are  inhabited,  and  contain  some  tracts 
under  such  cultivation  as  the  rigor  and  uncertainty  of  the 
climate  will  admit;  but  the  chief  value  of  the  whole  group 
is  derived  from  the  immense  shoals  of  cod  and  herring  which 
frequent  them,  and  the  extensive  and  valuable  fisheries 
which  are  consequently  carried  on  at  the  proper  seasons. 
The  principal  cod-fishery  ends  in  April;  but  the  herring- 
fishery  continues,  and  furnishes  an  important  branch  of 
national  revenue.  Permanent  population  about  20,000.  The 
islands  are  exposed  to  severe  storms  from  the  W.,  and  vio- 
lent currents  set  in  between  them.  Near  the  S.  end  of  the 
group  is  the  whirlpool  Maelstrom.     See  MjBLSTrSm. 

LofO)  lo'fo\  a  small  island  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf 
of  Bothnia,  and  N.W.  of  the  island  of  Aland,  to  which  group 
it  belongs. 

Ldfsta,  16fs't&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  40  miles  N. 
of  Upsal,  on  the  Lofsta,  3  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Lofsta 
Bay.     Pop.  1500,  mostly  engaged  in  iron-works. 

Loffhonse,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guisborough.     Pop.  2230. 

Loftscha,  loft'ch&,  Lovatz,  or  Lowatz,  loV&ts',  a 
town  of  Bulgaria,  20  miles  S.  of  Plevna,  and  80  miles  N.E. 
of  Sophia.     Pop.  3000. 

Lofty  Mount,  a  mountain  of  South  Australia.  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Adelaide.  Lat.  34°  58'  20"  S. ;  Ion.  138°  42'  E. 
Height,  2400  feet  above  the  sea. 

Lo'gan,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  642  squire  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  drained  by  the  Petit  Jean.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  a  ridge 
called  Magazine  Mountain.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Paris.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,885;  in  1890,  20,774. 

Logan,  a  N.E.  county  of  Colorado.  Area,  1830  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Platte  River,  whiob 
runs  from  S.E.  to  N.E.  The  surface  is  well  watered.  The 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Turlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass 
through  Sterling,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1890,  3070. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Salt  and  Sugar  Creeks,  and  is  also  drained  by  Kickapoo 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  mines  of  coal,  which  partly  compensate 
for  the  scarcity  of  timber.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A 
Alton  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  &  Peoria  Railroad,  and  the 
Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railroad.  Capital,  Lincoln. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,053;  in  1880,  25,037;  in  1890,  25,489. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders  on 
Tennessee.  Area,  about  544  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Red  River  and  Muddy  River,  an  affluent  of  Green  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  verdant  hills,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Cavernous  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This  county  con- 
tains several  ancient  artificial  mounds.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Russell- 
ville.  Pop.  in  1870, 20,429  ;  in  1880,  24,358  ;  in  1890,  23,812. 
Logan,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Dakota.  Area, 
1008  square  miles.     Capital,  Napoleon. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Miami 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Mad  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and 
by  Mill  and  Rush  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  pork,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  sur- 
face. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Bellefon- 
taine.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,028;  in  1880,  26,267;  in  1890, 
27,386. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  675  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Guyandotte  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  mountains  or  high  hills  and  extensive  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn, 
grass,  Ac.  This  county  has  abundance  of  coal.  It  ia 
traversed  by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital, 
Logan  Court-House,  situated  on  the  Guyandotte  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5124;  in  1880,  7329;  in  1890,  11,101 


LOG 


1681 


LOG 


Logan,  a  po8t-hamIet  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  about  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Bentonville. 

Logan*  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  about  25  niiles 
S.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

liOgan,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.  Pop.  1065.  It 
contains  Summerville  and  Smithville. 

Logan,  a  post-township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Whitewater  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  832. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2608. 
It  contains  Attica. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  921. 

Logan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. 30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Council  Bluffs,  and  4  or  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Magnolia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  stone-quarry.    Pop.  in  1890,  827. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  433. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  215. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  200. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.     Pep.  900. 

Logan,  a  post-village  in  Logan  township,  Phillips  co., 
Kansas,  45  miles  N.  of  Ellis  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  390  ;  of  the  township,  701. 

Logan,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.     Pop.  910. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1057. 

Logan,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  Logan 
Creek,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Omaha. 

Logan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hector 
township,  2  miles  E.  of  Seneca  Lake,  and  8  miles  N.  of 
Watkins.     It  has  a  church. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  900. 

Logan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Hocking  River,  the  Hocking  Canal,  and  the  Columbus 
A  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  New 
Straitsville  Branch,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  about 

35  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  high  school,  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  furnace,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture and  soap.     Pop.  in  1890,  3119. 

Logan,  a  station  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone,  Pa. 

Logan,  a  village  in  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mifflin  A 
Centre  County  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Lewistown.    Pi  609. 

Logan,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Utah  Northern  Railroad,  97  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and 

36  miles  N.E.  of  Corinne.  It  is  in  the  fertile  Cache  Valley, 
which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  W.  by  high  limestone 
ridges  and  is  nearly  60  miles  long  and  7  miles  wide. 
Logan  is  4567  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Pop.  (1890)  4565. 

LoganConrt-Hoa8e,orAraco'ma,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Guyandotte  River, 
about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Logan  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
the  state,  and  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Wayne 
and  Blackbird.  It  next  flows  southward  through  Burt  co., 
and  enters  the  Elkhorn  River  in  Dodge  co.,  3  miles  E.  of 
Hooper.     It  is  about  130  miles  long. 

Loga'nia,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Logan  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
Pishing  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Logan  Mountains,  Australia,  in  Queensland,  are 
about  lat.  28°  S.,  Ion.  152°  20'  E.,  and  separate  the  sources 
of  the  Darling  River  from  those  of  the  Logan,  a  navigable 
river  which  enters  the  Pacific  behind  Stradbroke  Island. 

Logan's,  lo'ganz,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Selma. 

Lo'gansburg,  a  station  of  Wabash  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vincennes. 

Logan's  Creek,  Reynolds  co.,  Mo.  See  Barnesville. 

Logan's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
in  Plum  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
a  church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Logan's  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah  Mountains,  near 
the  boundary  between  Utah  and  Wyoming.  It  rises  13,250 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  its  top  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.  The  timber-line  is  about  10,500  feet  high, 
below  which  the  sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine. 

Lo'gansport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  6  or 
7  miles  E.  of  McLeansborough. 

Logansport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  is 
on  the  Wabash  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eel  River,  117 


miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago,  75  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis, 
and  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  is  on  the  Wabash  A 
Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad.  It  is  also 
the  terminus  of  the  Richmond  and  State  Line  Branches  of 
the  last-named  road,  the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Logansport, 
Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  the  S.W.  ter- 
minus of  the  Eel  River  Railroad.  It  contains  a  fine  stone 
court-house,  15  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  the  Logansport  Female  College,  a  Catholic 
academy,  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars,  and  several  mills. 
Here  are  large  repair-shops  of  one  of  the  railroads,  which 
employ  nearly  500  men.  This  city  is  an  important  shipping- 
point  for  grain,  lumber,  pork,  Ac.  Three  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers,  2  of  which  are  German,  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8950;  in  1880,  11,198;  in  1890,  13,328. 

Logansport,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  about  120 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Logansport,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Sabine  River,  about  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Shreveport. 

Logansport,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Vnlley  Railroad  and  the  Alleghany  River,  3T 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Logan's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C., 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Shelby.     Pop.  of  township,  1597. 

Lo'gansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.     It  has  a  church. 

Logansville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Passaic 
township,  2  or  3  miles  from  Basking  Ridge.  It  has  a  pot- 
tery and  a  saw-mill. 

Logansville,  a  borough  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in  Greene 
township,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  stoneware.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Sugar  Valley.     Pop.  414. 

Logan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 

Lo'ganville,  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Ga. 

Loganville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  2i  miles 
N.  of  De  J3rr&S.     It  has  a  church. 

Loganville,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  8  or  9  miles  S.  of  York.  It  has  3  general 
stores.     Pop.  256. 

Loganville,  Sauk  oo..  Wis.    See  Westfield. 

Logazohy,  lo-g4^zo-hee',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  N.  ot 
Dahomey.  Lat.  8°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  30'  E.  It  has  an  inner 
wall,  and  markets  well  supplied  with  native  produce  and 
manufactures.     Pop.  from  8000  to  9000. 

Log  Cab'in,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about 
33  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Loges,  or  Les  Loges,  14  lozh,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine-Infgrieure,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Havre.    Pop.  2007. 

Loges,  or  Les  Loges,  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  1552. 

Loggerhead,  Yucatan.    See  Contoy. 

Loggnn,  log^goon',  a  country  of  Africa,  Soodan,  S.  of 
Lake  Chad  and  S.E.  of  Borneo.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Shary.  Capital,  Kernuk.  Lat.  11°  7'  N.  Its  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  climate  healthy.  The  inhabitants  are  much  more 
intelligent  than  the  negroes  of  the  surrounding  countries, 
and  are  famed  for  the  manufacture  and  dyeing  of  cotton 


I^og'gy  Bayon,  bl'oo,  a  post-office  of  Red  River 
parish.  La. 

Loghnr,  lo^gtLr'  (Hind.  Lohagor,  "  the  iron  fort"),  a 
strong  hill-fort  of  India,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Poonah. 

Log  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ky. 

Lognini,  lon-yee'nee,  a  small  seaport  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sicily,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 

Logo,  lo'go,  or  Loko,  lo'ko,  a  district  of  West  Africa, 
N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone.  The  capital,  Porto  Logo,  lat.  8°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  12°  35'  W.,  is  a  neat  town,  extending  along  th« 
elevated  banks  of  a  creek  formed  by  the  rivulet  Logo. 

Logroiio,  lo-grin'yo,  a  province  of  Spain,  Old  Castile. 
Area,  2378  square  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the 
Ebro,  which  forms  its  N.  boundary.     Pop.  183,205. 

Logrofto,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  above 

Province,  on  the  Ebro,  60  miles  E.  of  Burgos.  Pop.  10,466. 
t  has  several  churches,  convents,  hospitals,  a  theatre,  a 
college,  tanneries,  distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  leather 
and  hats.     It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1808  and  1823. 

Logrosan,  lo-gro-sin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caoeres,  on  the  slope  of  the  Sierra  de 
Toledo.     Pop.  3237. 

Log'town,  a  hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Placerville.     It  has  a  gold-mine. 

Logtown,  a  hamlet  of  Upson  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
The  Rook  Station. 

Log  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  parish.  La.,  oi> 


LOG 


1682 


LOJ 


the  Ouachita  River,  12  miles  below  Monroe.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Logtown,  a  village  of  Hancock  co.,  Miss.,  on  Pearl 
River,  20  miles  W.  of  Bay  Saint  Louis.  It  has  1  or  2 
lumber-mills  and  a  church.     Pop.  160. 

LogtowU)  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

Logurh,  lo-gur',  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  which,  after  a 
course  of  about  80  miles,  joins  the  Cabool  about  10  miles 
below  the  town  of  Cabool. 

Lognrh,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  18  miles  S.S.B.  of  Cabool. 

Lo'gy  Bay,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district-  of  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  St.  John's.     P.  200. 

Lohadngga,  India.     See  Lohakdasa. 

liOhagor,  India.     See  Loghue. 

Lohara,  lo-hi'ri,  two  towns  of  India,  one  in  the  Ni- 
zam's dominions,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Hyderabad,  the  other 
in  Bundelound,  40  miles  W.  of  Callinger. 

Lohardaga,  lo-har-di'gi,  written  also  Lohardugga 
and  Lohadngga,  a  district  of  Bengal,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor. 
Lat.  22°  26'-24°  39'  N.;  Ion.  83°  24'-85°  57'  E.  Area, 
12,044  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  rocky  plateau  of 
Chuta-Nagpoor  proper,  and  a  wild  hill  tract  called  Palamow. 
Rice,  cotton,  and  oil-seeds  are  leading  products.  Capital, 
Ranchee.     Pop.  1,237,123. 

Lohardaga,  a  small  town  of  the  Lohardaga  district, 
Bengal,  45  miles  W.  of  Ranchee.     It  has  a  large  market. 

Loharee,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Roree. 

Loheia,  lo-hi'yi,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  on 
the  Red  Sea,  130  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sana.  It  has  a  few  stone 
houses,  a  mosque,  a  governor's  residence,  custom-house, 
warehouses,  a  ^hallow  port,  and  trade  in  coffee. 

LoHJana,  lo-ji'n&,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Bombay, 
Kattywar,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cambay. 

Lohmausville,  lo-manz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Minn.,  in  Oakdale  township,  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween St.  Paul  and  Stillwater,  at  Lake  Elmo  Station,  12 
miles  E.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church  and  5  families. 

Lohmen,  lo'm§n,  a  village  of  Saxony,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Dresden.     Pop.  1343. 

Lohooghaut,  lo-hoo-gawt',  a  village  of  North  India, 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Almora. 

liOhr,  loR,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Wiirtemberg.  Pop.  4256.  It  has  iron-works,  and 
manufactures  of  paper,  oil,  Ac. 

Lohurkot,  lo-hiir-kot',  a  fortified  post  of  Northern 
India,  district  of  Gurhwal,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bhadrinath. 

Loibersdorf,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Leobebsdorf. 

Loigny,  IwiN^yee',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir, 
29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chartres.  Here,  on  December  2,  1870, 
the  Germans  defeated  the  French. 

Loing,  Iwiijo  (ane.  Lu'naf),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
Sainte-Colombe,  department  of  Yonne,  and  joins  the  Seine 
on  the  left.  Length,  70  miles.  It  feeds  two  canals,  by 
means  of  which  the  Seine  communicates  with  the  Loire. 

liOir,  IwaR  (anc.  Lider'icust),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  lagoon  of  Cernay,  department  of  Eure-et-Loir,  and 
joins  the  Sarthe  on  the  left,  5  miles  N.  of  Angers.  Length, 
150  miles. 

Loire,  IwaR  (anc.  Li'ger  ?),  an  important  river  of  Europe, 
and  the  largest  in  France,  rises  in  Mont  Gerbier-de-Jonc, 
department  of  Ardeche,  at  an  elevation  of  3940  feet,  flows 
N.N.W.  and  W.,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay  by  a  wide 
estuary  below  Saint-Nazaire,  department  of  Loire-Inf6ri- 
eure.  Length,  645  miles ;  principal  affluents  on  the  right, 
the  Lignon,  Sem^ne,  Furens,  Coise,  Sornin,  Arroux,  Aron, 
NiSvre,  Authion,  and  Maine ;  on  the  left,  the  Borne,  BSbre, 
Acolin,  Allier,  Loiret,  Cher,  Indre,  Vienne,  and  Cosson.  It 
is  navigable  in  descending  from  La  Noirie,  and  in  ascend- 
ing to  Roanne,  department  of  Loire.  The  tide  is  percepti- 
ble as  far  as  Nantes.  Its  course  is  generally  rapid,  and 
navigation  is  interrupted  during  five  or  six  months  in  the 
year  from  want  of  water,  overflowing,  or  freezing.  Dikes 
and  barrages  have  been  constructed  along  a  great  part  of 
its  course.  Vessels  of  upwards  of  300  tons  discharge  at 
Paimboeuf.  The  Loire  is  connected  by  canals  with  the 
Sa6ne,  Seine,  and  Vilaine.  There  is  communication  between 
Moulins  and  Nantes  by  means  of  the  Allier  and  Loire. 

Loire,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  formed  of 
the  old  province  of  Lyonnois.  Area,  1805  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  616,227.  Surface  generally  elevated  and 
mountainous,  traversed  in  the  S.E.  by  the  mounteins  of 
the  Cevennes,  and  partly  enclosed  between  them  and  the 
mountains  of  Forez ;  the  highest  point  is  Mont  Pila,  in  the 
Cgvennes.  The  greater  portion  of  the  department  is  situ- 
ated in  the  basin  of  the  Loire,  and  watered  by  its  affluents 
the  Furens,  Lignon,  and  Sornin ;  the  Rhone  forms  its  limit 


in  the  S.E.  Soil  generally  infertile;  potatoes  and  hemp 
are  important  crops,  and  the  chestnuts  of  Lyons  are  cele- 
brated. Wines  are  generally  of  good  quality :  the  best  are 
those  of  the  valley  of  the  Rhone.  Silk-worms  are  exten- 
sively reared,  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  Bourg-Argental, 
where  is  produced  the  finest  silk  in  France  for  the  manu- 
facture of  blondes.  Prom  the  inexhaustible  richness  of  its 
coal-basin,  this  is  one  of  the  most  important  mining  de- 
partments in  the  country :  the  other  mineral  products  are 
iron,  marble,  granite,  porphyry,  and  flint.  There  are 
numerous  mineral  springs,  tne  best  frequented  of  which  are 
Saint-Alban,  Sail-sous-Couzan,  and  Saint-Galmier.  The 
manufactures  of  this  department  are  among  the  most  cele- 
brated and  extensive  in  France,  including  silk  goods,  iron 
and  steel,  flint  glass,  <&c.  The  department  has  lines  of 
railway  connecting  the  principal  towns  with  Lyons,  and 
it  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Montbrison  (the 
capital),  Roanne,  and  Saint-Etienne. 

Loire,  Haute,  France.    See  Haute-Loike. 

Loire-Inf6rieure,  lwaR^-6N»^fi^re-UB'  ("Lower 
Loire"),  a  maritime  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Bretagne,  situated  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  Capital,  Nantes. 
Area,  2595  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  645,263.  Surface 
in  general  level,  traversed  by  low  hills,  and  mostly  situated 
in  the  basin  of  the  Loire  and  its  estuary.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Loire,  Vilaine,  Erdre,  Briv6,  SSvre-Nantaise,  Moine,  Maine, 
Acheneau,  and  Ognon.  The  department  contains  numerous 
lagoons,  among  which  the  Etang  de  Grand-Lieu  is  the 
largest  in  France.  Soil  generally  fertile.  Agriculture  in 
an  advanced  state;  chief  products,  grain  and  wines,  the 
latter  nearly  all  pale.  Cattle  are  extensively  reared,  horses 
excellent,  and  sheep  of  good  breeds;  bees  are  numerous. 
Nantes  is  the  principal  port.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Ancenis,  Ch£teaubriand,Nante8, 
Paimboeuf,  and  Savenay. 

Loiret,  Iw&^ri'  (anc.  Ligerula  f),  a  river  of  France,  joins 
the  Loire  on  the  left,  near  Orleans.     Length,  10  miles. 

Loiret,  Iw&Vi',  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France, 
forming  part  of  the  old  province  of  Orllannois.  Capital, 
Orleans.  Area,  2551  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  377,718. 
Surface  flat  and  little  elevated.  The  N.  portion  is  situated 
in  the  basin  of  the  Seine,  and  watered  by  its  affluents  the 
Loing  and  Essonne,  and  in  the  S.  it  is  traversed  by  the 
Loire,  and  watered  by  its  affluents  the  Loiret,  Cosson,  and 
Beuvron.  There  are  several  lagoons  in  the  basin  of  the 
Loing.  Soil  rich  and  fertile  N.  of  the  Loire,  but  poor  on 
the  S.  of  that  river.  Chief  products,  grain,  wine,  saffron, 
lint,  and  timber.  Apples  for  cider  are  extensively  grown. 
Wine  mostly  red  and  of  good  quality.  Sheep  and  cattle 
are  numerous,  and  of  good  breeds ;  fowls  and  bees  abundant. 
The  important  manufactures  of  which  Orleans  was  formerly 
the  seat  have  greatly  declined.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Gien,  Montargis,  Orleans,  and 
Pithiviers. 

Loir»et«Cher,  IwaR-4-shaiR',  a  department  in  the 
N.W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Or- 
16annois.  Area,  2389  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  280,358. 
Surface  level,  with  numerous  (tangs  (lagoons).  It  is  situ- 
ated in  the  basin  of  the  Loire,  and  watered  by  many  of  its 
affluents.  Soil  generally  fertile,  except  in  the  S.  Agricul- 
ture forms  the  chief  occupation  of  the  population.  The 
wines  are  in  general  of  good  quality :  the  best  are  those  of 
the  Cher.  Sheep  are  numerous,  and  of  good  breeds ;  horses 
are  excellent.  The  rearing  of  bees  and  fowls  is  an  im- 
portant branch  of  rural  industry.  The  department  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissements  of  Blois  (the  capital),  Ro- 
morantin,  and  VendSme. 

Loiron,  lwi'r6N>»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  on 
the  Oudon,  7  miles  W.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1151. 

Loisach,  loi's&K,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rises  in 
the  N.  of  the  Tyrol,  and  joins  the  Isar  near  Wolfratshausen. 
after  a  course  of  nearly  60  miles. 

Loitz,  loits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  23  miles 
S.  of  Stralsund,  on  the  Peene.     Pop.  3881. 

Loix,  Iwi,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1204. 

Loja,  or  Loxa,  1o'h4,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  25 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Granada,  near  the  Genii.  It  has 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollens,  cottons,  and  paper.  Lojt, 
appears,  from  the  coins  and  other  antiquities  found  in  it, 
to  have  been  an  important  Roman  station.  Under  the 
Moors  it  was  defended  by  a  castle,  which,  as  well  as  the 
town,  was  taken  in  1226  by  Ferdinand  III.     Pop.  11,850. 

Loja,  or  Loxa,  Io'hS,,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Loja.  It  is  noted  for  its  cinchona.  Lat.  4°  S.  • 
Ion.  79°  24'  W.     Pop.  10,000. 


LOJ 


1683 


LON 


II 


Loja,  a  province  in  the  S.W.  of  Ecuador,  bounded  S.  by 
Peru,  and  claimed  by  that  country.  It  is  mountainous,  and 
rich  in  metals.     Capital,  Loja.     Pop.  100,000. 

liojano,  lo-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  S.  of  Bologna,  on  an  eminence.     Pop.  4860. 

LiOkate-Triulzi,  Italy.    See  Locate. 

Lokenhaus,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Leuka. 

liokeren,  lo'k^r-^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Durme,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  several  railways.  The  streets  are  clean  and  regu- 
lar, the  market-place  large  and  handsome,  and  the  houses 
well  built  and  commodious.  Its  public  buildings  comprise 
a  spacious  church,  with  a  lofty  tower,  3  chapels,  a  town 
house,  a  prison,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  numer- 
ous schools  and  benevolent  institutions.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  linen  fabrics,  flannels,  serges,  cloth,  cotton  goods, 
lace,  ropes,  hats,  tobacco,  leather,  soap,  candles,  chiccory, 
&c.,  an  iron-foundry,  breweries,  dyeries,  salt-refineries,  oil- 
mills,  and  an  active  trade  in  manufactured  goods,  hemp, 
cattle,  and  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  16,912. 

liOkhvitsa,  Lokhvitza,  or  Lochwiza,  lok-vit's&, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  80  miles  N.W.  of  Pol- 
tava, on  the  Soola,  near  here  joined  by  the  Lokhvitza. 
Pop.  7903. 

liO-Kiang,  lo-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
Hoo-Nan,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course  of  300  miles  enters 
Lake  Tong-Ting  on  its  S.  side. 

liO-Kiang)  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  55 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Ching-Too-Foo. 

liOknitZj  lok'nits,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  and  joins  the  Elbe. 

liOko,  a  district  of  West  Africa.     See  Logo. 

liOkut,  lo^koot',  a  village  of  Hungary,  9  miles  from 
Veszprim.     Pop.  1716. 

JjO'la^  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

liol'la)  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  508. 

IiOlland)  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Laaland. 

liOllara«  lol-li'ri,  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Guzerat, 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Radhunpoor. 

Lollighur,  lol-le-gur',  a  village  of  India,  19  miles  S.W. 
of  Jeypoor.     It  has  a  temple  to  Mahadeva. 

liOm,  lom,  or  Louu,  loon,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Widin,  on  the  Danube,  near  the  influx  of  the  river 
Lem.     Pop.  3000. 

lio'ina  Par'da^  a  post-omce  of  Mora  co.,  New  Mexico. 

liO'max,  a  post-office  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  and  a  station 
on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  43  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Montgomery. 

Lomax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  in  Honey 
Creek  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Car- 
thage division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Rail- 
road, about  10  miles  below  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  21  miles 
N.  of  Carthage.     It  has  a  church. 

Lomazy,  lo-mi'zhee,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  of 
Siedlec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Biala.     Pop.  2000. 

liOmazzo,  lo-mit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Como,  2  miles ^.  by  E.  of  Appiano,  on  the  Jura.     P.  2733. 

liOm'bard,  a  post- village  of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  in  York 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  515. 

Lombardore,  lom-baR-do'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  11  miles  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1202. 

liOm'bardville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Osceola  township. 
Stark  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, about  40  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  church.  Coal 
is  mined  here. 

Lombardville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Portsmouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

LiOmbardy^  lom'bar-de  (It.  Lombardia,  lom-baR-dee'i ; 
L.  Lombardia  or  Longobardia),  an  old  division  of  Italy,  so 
called  from  its  having  long  been  the  chief  seat  of  the  Lom- 
bards, or  Longobardi,  a  powerful  nation  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
named,  it  is  said,  from  their  long  beards.  Others  derive 
Longobardi,  or  Langobardi,  as  it  is  sometimes  written,  from 
Lange  Borde  (a  "  long  fertile  tract"),  a  district  in  Magde- 
burg, from  which  region  the  Lombards  are  supposed  to  have 
come.  It  now  forms  a  compartimento  of  the  kingdom  of 
Italy,  comprising  the  provinces  of  Bergamo,  Brescia,  Como, 
Cremona,  Mantua,  Milan,  Pavia,  and  Sondrio.  Area,  9086 
square  miles.  It  consists  of  a  rich  plain  traversed  by 
the  Po,  but  the  N.  is  mountainous,  being  contiguous  to 
the  Alpine  countries  of  Switzerland  and  the  Tyrol.  Pop. 
3,460,824. Inhab.  Lom'bard. 

Lom'bardy,  a  post-office  of  MoDuffie  co.,  Ga. 

liOm'bardy,  or  South  Elms'ley,  a  post-village  in 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  S.  of  Smith's  Falls.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  150. 


liOmbardy  Grove^  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va.,  11  miles  E.  of  Boydton,  and  about  60  miles  S.W.  of 
Petersburg.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  mill,  <fcc. 

Lombeek  Notre  Dame,  16u^b^k'  n&t'r  d&m,  a  villag* 
of  Belgium,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1720. 

Lombers,  l6N^baiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
arrondissement  of  Alby.     Pop.  1528. 

Lombez,  lAN^bi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  19  miles 
S.E.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1714. 

Lom^blem')  or  Lomba'ta,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  E.  of  Flores,  between  Solor  and  Pantar.  Lat. 
about  8°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  40'  E.  Length,  N.  to  S.,  about 
40  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles. 

Lombok)  lom^bok',  an  island  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies, 
between  lat.  8°  12'  and  9°  1'  S.  and  Ion.  115°  44'  and  116° 
40'  B.,  separated  from  Sumbawa  E.  by  the  Strait  of  Allaas, 
and  W.  from  Bali  by  the  Strait  of  Lombok.  Estimated 
area,  1480  square  miles.  Two  mountain-chains  extend 
along  the  N.  and  S.  coasts,  in  the  former  of  which  is  a  vol- 
canio  peak,  12,379  feet  in  elevation.  Between  them  is  a 
well-watered  plain,  wholly  cultivated  for  rice,  the  hill-sides 
producing  coffee  and  maize.  Exports  about  20,000  tons  of 
rice  annually.  The  principal  port,  Ampanam,  on  its  W. 
coast,  is  much  resorted  to  by  European  shipping  and  Amer- 
ican whalers  for  provisions.  Other  principal  towns  are 
Mataram,  the  capital,  and  Lalm-Hadje,  on  the  E.  coast.  It 
is  governed  by  a  rajah,  under  the  Dutch  resident  of  Bali 
and  Lombok.  The  dominant  class  are  of  Brahmanical 
faith,  but  the  mass  of  the  people  are  Malays  (called  Sassaks) 
and  Mohammedans. 

liOmbriascO)  Iom-bre-d,s'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles 
from  Pancalieri,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1160. 

liOmellinaj  lo-mdl-lee'n&,  a  district  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia,  in  the  plain  of  the  river  Po.  Capital,  Mortara 
Pop.  133,242. 

liOmello,  lo-m51'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia, 
25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2948. 

liOmi'ra,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Lomira 
township,  on  the  Fond  du  Lao,  Amboy  &  Peoria  Railroad, 
17  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
4  general  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1943. 

liOmmatsch)  lom'm&tsh,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Dresden.  Pop.  2902.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  and  hosiery. 

liOnunC)  lomm,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  3  mileii 
W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1250. 

liOmmel)  lom'm^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limboorg, 
20  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2900. 

Lomnica,  lom-neet's&,  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
joins  the  Dniester  a  little  above  Halicz.     Length,  50  miles. 

liOmnitz,  lom'nitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  N.  of 
Bidschow.     Pop.  3785. 

Lomnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Budweis,  on  the 
Goldbach.     Pop.  1100. 

Lomnitz,  mountains  of  Hungary.    See  Carpathiaks. 

liOmnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Briinn, 
on  the  Zlaberbach.     Pop.  1500. 

liO'mo,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

liO'inonville,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga. 

IjOmov,  two  towns  of  Russia.     See  Lauot. 

Lom'poC)  a  post-village  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  high  school. 

liOinza,  or  JLomsha,  lom'zh&,  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Poland,  having  East  Prussia  on  the  N.W.,  and  the 
government  of  Grodno  on  the  E.  Area,  4666  square  miles. 
Capital,  Lomza.     Pop.  501,385. 

JLomza,  lom'zh&,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  on  the 
Narev,  72  miles  S.W.  of  Suwalki.  Pop.  13,335.  It  has  a 
college,  a  gymnasium  in  which  students  receive  gratuitous 
education,  an  arsenal,  paper-mills,  and  tanneries. 

Lo^naco'niug,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Cumberland  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Jackson  Sta- 
tion), 16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cumberland.  It  extends  3  miles 
along  the  railroad,  is  in  a  mountainous  region,  and  is  sup- 
ported  by  rich  coal-mines.  It  has  10  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  5000. 

liOnate-Pozznolo,  lo-n&'ti-pot-su-o'lo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Lombardy,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milan.    Pop.  4417. 

liOnato,  lo-n&'to,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Brescia,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Lago  di  Garda.  Pop.  6462.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  defended  by  a  citadel,  and  is  celebrated 
for  the  victory  of  Napoleon  over  the  Austrians  in  1796. 

Londa,  lon'di,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  province  and  17 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2347. 

Londari,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Leondari. 

Londerzeel)  IdxM^r-zail', a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South 


LOW 


1684 


LON 


Brabant,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Brussels,  on  the  railway  between 
Mechlin  and  Ghent.     Pop.  4480. 

liOndesboroagh)  lon'd^s-bur^rilh,  a  post-rillage  in 
Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Maitland,  6^  miles  N.  of 
Clinton.     It  contains  several  stores.     Pop,  250. 

liOndini^reS)  loN<>Mee^ne-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inferieure,  7  miles  N.  of  Neufohatel.     Pop.  1141. 

liOndoU)  lun'dpn  (Londin' turn  and  Augua'ta  ,•  Fr.  Lon- 
drea,  16nd'r ;  Sp.  Londrea,  lon'dris ;  Port.  Ldndres,  lon'drfis ; 
It.  Londra,  15n'dr4 ;  Ger.  Lon'don ;  Dutoh,  Lon'den),  the 
capital  city  of  England,  and  the  seat  of  government  of  the 
British  empire;  the  city  proper,  with  the  major  part  of 
the  metropolis,  being  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  13  bridges ;  but  sev- 
eral extensive  quarters  are  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river,  and 
the  whole  capital  occupies  part  of  the  counties  of  Middlesex, 
Essex,  Surrey,  and  Kent.  Lat.  of  St.  Paul's,  51°  30'  49.14" 
N.;  Ion.  0"  5'  48.32"  W.  of  Greenwich.  Measured  by  the 
course  of  the  river  it  is  60  wiles  from  the  sea  at  the  Nore. 

According  to  its  divisional  boundaries,  the  areas  of- Lon- 
don are:  "Greater  London,"  of  the  Registrar-General's 
Weekly  Returns,  including  the  Metropolitan  Police  District 
(440,891  acres)  and  the  city  of  London  within  the  munici- 
pal and  parliamentary  limits  (668  acres),  441,559  acres,  or 
nearly  690  square  miles;  the  Central  Criminal  Court  Dis- 
trict, 268,391  acres,  or  about  421  square  miles  ;  the  Metro- 
politan Parliamentary  Boroughs,  80,126  acres,  or  nearly 
126  square  miles;  within  the  Registrar-General's  Tables 
of  Mortality,  76,334  acres,  or  118  square  miles;  within 
the  limits  of  the  Metropolis  Local  Management  Act  and 
the  School  Board  District,  75,422  acres,  or  nearly  118  square 
miles  each.  The  diocese  of  London  comprises  the  whole 
of  Middlesex  and  five  parishes  in  Surrey.  It  is  somewhat 
difficult,  owing  to  the  wide  and  rapid  spread  of  its  suburbs, 
to  define,  with  any  exactness,  the  area  of  the  unofficial 
boundaries  of  London. 

Previous  to  the  year  1885,  London  had  10  parliamentary 
boroughs.  In  that  year  they  were  increased  to  27,  return- 
ing 61  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  These  boroughs, 
with  their  populations  at  the  date  of  the  last  census  (1891), 
are  as  follows :  Battersea  and  Clapham,  194,156;  Bethnal 
Green,  129,134;  Camberwell,  235,312;  Chelsea,  96,275; 
Deptford,  101,326;  Finsbury,  141,544;  Fulham,  91,640; 
Greenwich,  64,091;  Hackney,  229,531;  Hammersmith, 
97,237;  Hampstead,  68,425;  Islington,  319,433 ;  Kensing- 
ton, 166,321 ;  Lambeth,  275,202 ;  Lewisham,  88,653 ;  Lon- 
don City,  38,345;  Marylebone,  142,381;  Newington,  115,- 
663;  Paddington,  117,838;  St.  Panoras,  234,437 ;  Shoreditcb, 
124,009;  Southwark,  223,330;  Tower  Hamlets,  451,869; 
Wandsworth,  113,233 ;  West  Ham,  204,902 ;  Westminster, 
198,890,  and  Woolwich,  98,966. 

Pop.  of  London  in  1801,  958,863;  in  1811,  1,138,815 ;  in 
1821,  1,378,947;  in  1831,  1,654,994;  in  1841,  1,948,369; 
in  1851,  2,362,236;  in  1861,  2,803,989;  in  1871,  3,254,260; 
in  1881,  .3,814,571;  in  1891,  4,231,431 ;  within  the  Metro- 
politan Police  District,  5,595,638;  within  the  Metropolitan 
and  City  of  London  Police  District,  5,633,332.  London 
has  1400  churches  and  chapels,  45  theatres,  and  about 
400  music-halls  and  concert-rooms.  Thirteen  bridges,  be- 
sides 5  railroad-bridges,  cross  the  Thames ;  of  these,  Lon- 
don Bridge  is  the  extreme  E.  and  Hammersmith  Bridge 
the  extreme  W.  The  metropolis  has  many  public  parks, 
of  which  the  chief  are  Hyde  Park  (390  acres),  Ken- 
sington Gardens  (360  acres).  Regent's  Park  (470  acres), 
(the  latter  containing  the  gardens  of  the  Zoological  Society 
and  the  Botanical  Society),  St.  James's  Park  (80  acres), 
the  Green  Park  (70  acres),  Battersea  Park  (180  acres),  and 
"Victoria  Park  (300  acres).  The  suburbs  of  the  metrop- 
olis boast  of  extensive  commons,  Hampstead  Heath,  Clap- 
ham  Common,  Blackheath,  Streatham  Common,  Wands- 
worth Common,  Wormwood  Scrubs,  and  Tooting  Common 
being  among  them.  The  more  important  thoroughfares 
in  London  ("NT.  of  the  Thames)  run  mostly  E.  and  W.  Start- 
ing from  Cheapside  and  the  Poultry,  in  the  heart  of  the 
city,  as  a  point  to  which  many  important  routes  converge, 
two  lines  pass  off  eastward  at  the  open  space  bounded  by 
the  Mansion  House,  the  Bank  of  England,  and  the  Royal 
Exchange,  viz.,  Lombard  and  Fenchurch  streets,  and  Corn- 
hill,  with  its  continuation,  Leadenhall  street,  which  con- 
verge at  Aldgate,  and  the  united  line  is  continued  into 
Whitechapel,  where  it  divides,  one  passing  by  Whitechapel 
and  Mile-end  Roads  to  Bow  and  Stratford,  the  other  by  the 
Commercial  Road  to  East  and  West  India  Docks.  A  new 
street  (Queen  Victoria  street)  has  been  completed  from  the 
Mansion  House  to  Blackfriars  Bridge,  which  forms  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  road  on  the  Thames  Embankment.  Pro- 
ceeding from  Cheapside  westward,  a  main   thoroughfare 


continues  on  the  N.  side  of  Hyde  Park  to  Bayswater  and 
Netting  Hill ;  from  near  London  Bridge  there  is  a  nearly 
parallel  line  of  streets,  terminating  at  St.  James's  Palace 
and  the  Green  Park.  The  S.  and  E.  parts  of  the  me- 
tropolis are  meanly  or  indiflFerently  built.  But  W.  of 
Gray's  Inn  Road  and  Temple  Bar  the  magnitude  of  the 
residences,  and  continuous  lines  of  handsome  streets,  are 
very  remarkable ;  and  although  nearly  the  whole  of  Lon- 
don is  built  of  brick,  the  facings  and  style  of  many  of  the 
buildings  give  the  whole  a  highly-imposing  character.  In 
the  city  and  some  other  parts,  many  of  the  old  buildings 
have  been  removed,  and  palatial  structures,  for  business 
purposes,  erected  in  their  place.  On  every  outskirt,  par- 
ticularly along  the  lines  of  the  various  railways,  new  quar- 
ters are  rapidly  springing  up.  In  the  reign  of  George  IV., 
Pimlioo  became  a  suburb  boasting  of  a  good  deal  of  archi- 
tectural display ;  but,  although  much  building  has  been 
progressing  in  that  direction,  fashion  has  latterly  preferred 
the  N.  side  of  Hyde  Park  and  South  Kensington  ;  and  be- 
tween the  Regent's  Park  and  Bayswater  a  magnificent 
quarter  is  rapidly  extending.  Since  1850  great  improve- 
ments have  been  eflfected  in  the  metropolis;  notably,  the 
Thames  Embankments — the  Victoria,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
river,  from  Westminster  Bridge  to  Blackfriars  Bridge, 
opened  in  1870,  reclaimed  37i  acres,  previously  a  mud-bank 
at  low  water;  it  has  a  road  throughout  its  entire  length 
100  feet  wide,  with  landing-stages  from  the  river-steamers ; 
it  also  has  subways  for  the  sewers,  gas-  and  water-pipe^, 
and  railway.  The  interior  is  laid  out  in  ornamental  gar- 
dens, and  forms  a  pleasing  promenade.  The  new  Charing 
Cross  approach,  which  passes  over  the  site  of  Northumber- 
land House,  gives  free  access  to  Charing  Cross.  The  Al- 
bert, opened  in  1869,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  from 
Westminster  Bridge  to  Vauxhall  Bridge,  is  similar  to  the 
other;  but  the  space  within  the  roadway  is  utilized  by  the 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  an  elegant  structure,  consisting  of 
seven  separate  buildings,  connected  on  the  ground-floor  by 
covered  corridors ;  it  was  opened  by  the  queen,  June  21, 
1871.  The  embankment  at  Chelsea  is  in  process  of  forma- 
tion. The  Holborn  Viaduct,  opened  (with  Blackfriars 
Bridge)  in  1869,  is  another  very  useful  improvement ;  it  car- 
ries a  level  road  over  what  was  originally  the  Farringdon 
Road,  by  an  ornamental  bridge,  in  the  place  of  Holborn  Hill, 
with  approaches  and  connections  from  the  low  level.  On 
the  S.  side  of  the  river  the  new  Southwark  street  from  the 
Borough  to  Blackfriars  Road  is  lined  by  handsome  ware- 
houses and  offices.  A  very  complete  system  of  drainage 
has  also  been  established,  by  which  the  whole  of  the  sewer- 
age of  London,  both  N.  and  S.  of  the  Thames,  is  carried  to 
points  12  and  14  miles  below  London  Bridge  and  discharged 
into  the  river  at  ebb-tides.  This  great  work  was  finished 
in  1875.  It  consists  of  two  distinct  systems  of  inter- 
cepting sewers, — one  for  London  N.  of  the  Thames,  the 
other  for  London  S.  of  that  river.  It  drains  an  area  of  117 
square  miles,  and  cost  £4,607,000.  The  expenses  of  these 
and  other  improvements  of  a  less  general  character  are  to 
be  repaid  from  the  coal  and  wine  duties,  and  a  tax  on  the 
householders  of  the  metropolis,  extending  over  a  series  of 
years.     There  are  12  public  parks,  8  being  on  the  N.  and 

4  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river ;  many  of  them  contain  orna- 
mental lakes,  are  well  planted,  surrounded  with  fine  ter- 
races, and  form  favorite  promenades.  The  immediate  banks 
of  the  Thames,  except  along  the  embankments,  have  little 
embellishment,  being  crowded  mostly  with  wharves  and 
factories ;  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament,  which  cost 
£3,000,000,  Somerset  House,  the  Temple,  custom-house. 
Fishmongers'  Hall,  the  Coal  Exchange,  St.  Stephen's  club- 
house, National  Opera-House,  the  New  Billingsgate  Mar- 
ket, and  the  Tower,  are  almost  the  only  buildings  of  interest 
facing  the  river.  Across  the  Thames,  here  750  to  1200  feet 
wide,  E.  to  W.,  are  London,  Cannon  street  railway,  South- 
wark, Blackfriars,  Waterloo,  Charing  Cross  railway,  West- 
minster, Lambeth,  Vauxhall,  Victoria  railway,  Chelsea, 
Albert,  Battersea,  and  Wandsworth  bridges ;  and  nearly  2 
miles  below  the  first  is  the  tunnel  under  its  bed,  now  used  by 
a  railway.  Between  the  Tower  and  Tooley  street  there  is 
a  subway  or  passenger  tunnel  beneath  the  river.  London 
Bridge,  a  structure  of  stone,  with  5  arches,  and  928  feet  in 
length,  was  completed  in  1831,  at  a  cost  of  £2,000,000. 
Waterloo  Bridge  is  a  beautiful  stone  edifice  of  9  arches,  1242 
feet  in  length,  built  at  a  cost  of  £1,150,000.  Westminster 
Bridge  is  of  iron ;  it  is  the  widest  of  the  bridges,  and  is  ex- 
tremely handsome.  Blackfriars  Bridge  is  also  of  iron,  having 

5  arches  on  8  polished  granite  columns.  Southwark  is  of 
iron  ;  Vauxhall  of  iron  and  stone  ;  Charing  Cross  is  a  rail- 
way- and  foot-bridge ;  and  Chelsea  is  a  suspension-bridge. 
London  is  distinguished  by  the  great  number  and  beauty 


LON 


1685 


L,UJS 


of  its  squares,  in  all  nearly  200,  including  crescents,  Ac, 
of  which  the  best  known  are  Belgrave,  Eaton,  Grosvenor, 
Berkeley,  St.  James's,  Leicester,  Trafalgar,  Hanover,  Cav- 
endish, and  Portman  Squares  in  the  W.,  and  Russell,  Bed- 
ford, Bloomsbury,  Tavistock,  Euston,  Park,  and  Brunswick 
Squares,  with  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  towards  the  centre  and 
N.  All  of  these  are  ornamented  with  gardens  in  the  centre, 
except  Trafalgar  Square,  which  is  an  open  area  containing 
fountains  and  statues.  The  other  principal  out-door  statues 
are  more  than  70  in  number.  The  Albert  Memorial  in 
Hyde  Park,  to  the  late  Prince  Consort,  opened  by  the  queen 
in  July,  1872,  is  64  feet  high,  and  of  very  elaborate  design. 
The  royal  metropolitan  palaces  are  St.  James's,  Bucking- 
ham, and  Kensington.  The  principal  public  buildings  in 
the  city  are  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  a  noble  structure  of  Gre- 
cian architecture,  514  feet  in  length,  286  feet  in  breadth, 
with  a  dome  370  feet  in  height,  and  completed  by  Sir  Chris- 
topher Wren  between  1675  and  1710,  at  a  cost  of  £747,974; 
the  stone  of  which  the  cathedral  is  built  is  an  oolite  (called 
forest  marble),  from  Oxfordshire ;  the  Mansion  House,  bank, 
Royal  Exchange,  East  India  Chambers,  Broad  Street  Cham- 
bers, Palmerston  Buildings,  Cornhill  Chambers,  city  offices, 
general  post-office  (2  buildings),  custom-house,  Christ's  and 
St.  Bartholomew's  hospitals,  the  halls  of  the  city  companies, 
guild  hall,  city  library  and  museum,  Newgate  prison,  the 
Temple,  the  Monument,  new  meat-  and  poultry-markets  at 
Smithfield,  new  Billingsgate  Market,  and  Farringdon  Mar- 
ket; also  an  extraordinary  number  of  churches,  with  spires 
and  towers  of  very  various  architecture.  The  new  termi- 
nus of  the  Great  Eastern  (Liverpool  street),  and  the  termini 
of  the  North  London  (Broad  street)  and  London,  Chatham, 
&  Dover  Railways,  the  chief  station  of  the  Metropolitan 
Railway  (Liverpool  street),  and  Cannon  street  Station,  are 
also  in  the  city.  The  Great  Eastern  terminus  is  the  largest 
station  in  London,  being  2000  feet  long,  and  covering  an 
area  of  10  acres.  Immediately  westward  is  Westminster, 
separated  from  the  city  by  Temple  Bar,  and  comprising 
Hyde,  St.  James's,  and  the  Green  Parks;  Westminster 
Abbey,  the  Houses  of  Parliament,  courts  of  law,  West- 
minster Hospital,  Westminster  Hall,  a  noble  old  room,  290 
feet  long  by  110  feet  high,  and  the  sessions-house,  all  clus- 
tered together  near  Westminster  Bridge ;  the  new  courts  of 
law,  near  Temple  Bar;  the  government  offices  in  Downing 
street  and  Whitehall ;  the  large  block  of  new  government 
offices  between  Parliament  street  and  St.  James's  Park, 
comprising  the  Foreign,  Home,  Colonial,  and  India  Offices, 
which  was  completed  in  1875 ;  the  Horse-Guards  and  Admi- 
ralty; St.  Martin's  church  and  the  National  Gallery,  sur- 
rounding Trafalgar  Square ;  Italian  opera-houses,  and  the 
other  principal  theatres ;  Albert  Hall  and  Royal  Horticul- 
tural Gardens ;  South  Kensington  Museum  and  Science 
Schools ;  the  new  natural  history  museum,  Covent  Garden 
Market,  Charing  Cross  and  Victoria  Railway  stations,  Royal 
Aquarium,  Millbank  prison,  Somerset  House  and  King's 
College,  the  Roman  Catholic  University,  the  geological 
museum ;  St.  James's,  Buckingham,  and  Kensington  Pal- 
aces, Marlborough  House,  the  residence  of  the  Prince  of 
Wales;  the  principal  club-houses,  and  the  residences  of 
many  of  the  nobility.  Burlington  House  and  grounds  are 
occupied  by  extensive  buildings  for  the  Royal  Academy, 
London  University,  Royal,  Geological,  Linncean,  Chemical, 
and  Royal  Astronomical  Societies,  and  the  Society  of  An- 
tiquaries. Westminster  Abbey  was  originally  a  Benedictine 
monastery,  founded  by  Sebert,  King  of  the  East  Saxons, 
and  rebuilt,  nearly  as  now  existing,  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
III.  and  Edward  I.  The  kings  and  queens  of  England 
have  been  crowned  here  from  the  time  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor to  Queen  Victoria,  and  many  of  them  are  here  buried. 
It  is  630  feet  long,  203  feet  wide,  and  the  west  tower  is  225 
feet  high.  Westminster  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
archbishop.  The  borough  of  Chelsea  comprises  the  W.  and 
most  fashionable  part  of  the  metropolis,  adorned  with  many 
palatial  mansions,  and  containing  the  Royal  Chelsea  Hos- 
pital for  military  pensioners.  Lord  Holland's  park,  the 
Bishop  of  London's  palace,  and  Consumption  Hospital.  The 
borough  of  Marylebone,  forming  the  N.W.  section  of  the 
metropolis,  excluding  Hampstead,  has  an  opulent  popula- 
tion and  regular  streets,  and  contains  Regent's  Park,  with 
the  gardens  of  the  Zoological  and  Botanic  Societies,  several 
churches,  the  University  college,  Middlesex  and  several 
other  hospitals,  and  the  termini  of  the  Great  Western,  Mid- 
land, and  Great  Northern  Railways.  Finsbury  comprises 
the  quarters  N.  of  the  city  and  of  a  part  of  Westminster, 
and  contains  Finsbury  Park,  the  British  Museum,  Lincoln's 
Inn  and  Gray's  Inn,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  the  reservoir  of 
the  New  River  Company,  Sessions  House,  Clerkenwell,  Hol- 
loway,  and  Pentonville  prisons,  Royal  Caledonian  Asylum, 


several  hospitals.  Charter-house,  and  the  cattle-market  ic 
Copenhagen  Fields,  near  the  Caledonian  Road.  The  mar- 
ket covers  a  large  area,  is  fitted  up  with  every  convenience 
for  up-putting  of  stock,  and  large  shambles  have  been 
erected  on  the  most  scientific  principles.  The  borough  of 
Hackney  comprises  the  N.E.  portion  of  the  metropolis,  and 
contains  the  greater  part  of  Victoria  Park,  the  East  Lon- 
don Museum,  London  Orphan  Asylum,  Columbia  Market, 
and  French  and  German  hospitals.  The  Tower  Hamlets, 
in  the  E.,  contains  the  Tower,  Mint,  St.  Katharine's,  East 
and  West  India,  South,  and  London  docks,  the  London  Hos- 
pital, and  numerous  charitable  institutions.  Southwark 
contains  St.  Saviour's  church,  the  third  in  importance  of  the 
London  churches,  with  an  interesting  Ladye  chapel,  and 
some  fine  monuments ;  Guy's  Hospital,  Bethlehem  Hospital 
for  lunatics,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  Surrey  Theatre, 
the  Queen's  Bench  prison,  leather-  and  borough-markets, 
Southwark  Park,  Surrey  Commercial  Docks,  and  the  united 
termini  of  the  London,  Brighton  &  South-Coast  and  South- 
eastern Railways ;  and  in  Lambeth  are  the  palace  of  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  Ken- 
nington  Park,  Surrey  county  jail,  Victoria  and  Astleys 
theatres,  and  the  terminus  of  the  London  &  Southwestern 
Railway.  (See  also  Deptford,  Greenwich,  Woolwich,  Ac.) 
It  is  impossible  here  to  enumerate  even  the  principal  of 
the  charitable  endowments  and  schools  in  the  metropolis, 
which  are  not  less  than  600  in  number.  London  has  since 
1837  been  the  seat  of  a  university,  with  which  numerous 
colleges  throughout  the  country  are  in  connection.  Among 
its  principal  scientific  associations  are  the  Royal  Society 
and  Society  of  Arts,  the  Linnsean,  Horticultural,  Medical 
and  Chirurgioal,  Geological,  Royal  Geographical,  Astronom- 
ical, Asiatic,  Zoological,  Meteorological  and  Statistical, 
Pharmaceutical,  Philharmonic,  Photographic,  and  Royal 
Microscopical  Societies,  Royal  and  London  Institutions,  and 
Anthropological  Institute.  In  one  year  over  400  news- 
papers, 24  of  them  being  dailies,  were  published  in  London. 
The  printers,  publishers,  and  vendors  of  literary  works 
comprise  about  2200  firms,  those  engaged  in  book  publish- 
ing being  located  for  the  most  part  on  Paternoster  Row 
and  Covent  Garden,  and  those  in  the  newspaper  business 
mostly  in  Fleet  street  and  that  locality.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  those  of  silk,  beer,  spirits,  soap,  vinegar, 
refined  sugar,  chemical  articles,  cutlery,  machinery,  watches 
and  jewelry,  coaches,  furniture,  type-founding,  engineer- 
ing, and  ship-building.  The  silk-manufacture  is  confined 
to  Spitalfields.  Watch-making  is  chiefly  conducted  in 
Clerkenwell ;  coach-making  in  Long  Acre  and  Great  Queen 
street;  tanning  in  Bermondsey;  sugar-refining  in  White- 
chapel  ;  hat-making  in  Bermondsey  and  Southwark ;  and 
ship-building  chiefly  E.  of  London  Bridge. 

London,  the  largest  and  richest  city  in  the  world,  is 
thickly  planted  with  houses,  mostly  3,  4,  and  5  stories  high. 
It  contains  many  public  schools,  of  which  the  chief  are, 
Westminster,  St.  Paul's,  Christ  Church  (Blueooat),  Mer- 
chant Tailors'  (Charterhouse),  City  of  London  Schools, 
and  University  College  Schools.  In  addition  to  these, 
there  are  some  368  schools,  accommodating  about  340,000 
children,  under  the  management  of  the  London  School 
Board.  There  are  over  300  hospitals,  dispensaries,  infirm- 
aries, asylums,  and  almshouses.  The  docks  of  London  have 
a  river  frontage  of  4  miles  from  the  Tower  to  Blackwall, 
and  an  area  of  566  acres.  The  two  West  India  Docks  cover 
295  acres,  one  East  India  Dock  32  acres,  and  South  Dock 
33  acres ;  St.  Katharine's  Docks  cover  24  acres.  The  Surrey 
Commercial  Docks  at  Rotherhithe  are  13  in  number,  through 
which  is  the  entrance  to  the  Surrey  Canal.  These  are  chiefly 
employed  in  the  Baltic  trade.  The  new  docks  at  Tilbury, 
erected  under  the  auspices  of  the  East  and  West  India 
Dock  Company,  have  a  water  space  of  nearly  80  acres, 
and  about  12,000  feet  of  quay  room.  The  Thames  is 
tidal  up  to  Woolwich  for  ships  of  any  burden  ;  to  Blackwall 
for  those  of  1400  tons.  The  tide  ascends  about  16  miles 
above  London  Bridge.  At  Kingston  the  daily  discharge  of 
water  ranges  from  a  minimum  of  about  360,000,000  gallons 
to  a  maximum  of  about  25,000,000,000  gallons ;  the  average 
is  1,350,000,000  gallons.  Mean  range  of  the  tides  at  Lon- 
don Bridge,  about  17  feet ;  highest  spring  tides,  22  feet. 
There  are  generally  about  5000  vessels  and  3000  boats  on 
the  river,  employing  thousands  of  watermen  and  laborers. 

The  metropolis  is  fairly  supplied  with  water ;  the  total 
supply  per  head  per  day  is  20.9  gallons.  Of  this  quantity 
the  New  River  Company  supplies  nearly  half.  The  port  of 
London  extends  to  Gravesend,  30  miles  down  the  river,  and 
from  Limehouse  to  London  Bridge  there  is  a  continuous 
crowd  of  mercantile  shipping.  Around  London  several 
parks  have  been  laid  out  for  the  recreation  of  the  inhab- 


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itants.  An  Act  of  Parliament  prohibits  burial  within  the 
metropolis,  and  many  new  cemeteries  have  been  formed  in 
the  suburbs.  These  are  at  Kensal  Green,  Highgate,  Finch- 
ley,  Kilburn,  Stoke  Newington,  Mile-end,  Peckham,  Lewis- 
ham,  Norwood,  Ac.  The  city  of  London  is  divided  into  28 
wards,  and  governed  by  a  mayor,  to  whom  is  granted  the 
lordship  of  Einsbury,  whence  he  obtains  the  title  of  Lord 
Mayor,  income  £10,000  a  year,  and  by  the  courts  of  alder- 
men and  of  common  council,  elected  by  the  freemen.  The 
remainder  of  the  metropolis  is  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works,  constituted  by  an  act  of 
1855,  composed  of  45  members,  elected  by  the  respective 
vestries,  for  the  carrying  out  and  maintenance  of  sanitary 
works,  and  improvements  within  its  area.  Some  idea  of 
the  immense  traffic  may  be  formed  when  it  is  stated  that 
there  are  about  1500  omnibuses  and  about  10,000  cabs,  with 
about  13,000  cab-drivers,  in  London,  and  it  is  computed  that, 
on  an  average  day  of  24  hours,  170,000  persons  and  20,000 
vehicles  cross  London  Bridge,  and  that  1000  vehicles  an 
hour  pass  through  Cheapside.  In  one  year  60,711,272  pas- 
sengers and  34,630  season-ticket-holders  travelled  by  the 
underground  railways,  which  run  from  the  city  by  King's 
Cross  to  Paddington,  thence  to  Kensington,  Westminster, 
along  the  Thames  Embankment,  into  the  city,  to  be  con- 
tinued eventually  to  form  a  complete  circuit;  it  connects 
with  the  Great  Western,  Great  Northern,  Great  Eastern, 
and  Midland  Railways;  about  650  trains  pass  through  the 
King's  Cross  Station  daily.  Trinohantum,  or  the  town  of 
the  Trinobantes,  was  probably  the  name  of  London  at  the 
time  of  the  Roman  invasion,  while  Lundinium  was  its 
Roman  name,  Oolonia  Augusta  being  another  of  its 
Roman  appellations.  The  etymology  of  the  name  shows, 
however,  that  it  was  derived  from  the  Celtic  Llyn-Din.  It 
was  rebuilt  and  fortified  by  the  Romans  in  306,  and  became 
a  place  of  great  trade.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  East 
Saxons,  and  made  a  bishop's  see  in  610.  In  804  it  became 
the  capital  of  England  under  Alfred  the  Great,  and  obtained 

its  first  charter  from  William  the  Conqueror. Inhab. 

Londoner,  lun'dpn-^r. 

London,  lun'd^n,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  Ark. 

London,  Fulton  co.,  III.    See  London  Mills. 

London,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar 
Creek  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.   It  has  a  church. 

London,  a  post-office  in  London  township,  Sumner  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Ninnescah  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Wichita. 
Pop.  of  township,  463. 

London,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  about 
70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  seminary.     Coal  is  found  here. 

London,  a  post-hamlet  in  London  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  37  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1222. 

London,  a  township  of  Freeborn  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Iowa  line.     Pop.  415. 

London,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  66  miles 
N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph. 

London,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Nemaha  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Brownsville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  10  families. 

London,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co,,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Columbus,  Springfield  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  25 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Columbus,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  and  a 
union  school.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3067  ;  in  1890,  3^13. 

London,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Pine  Grove  Station,  and 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  carriage-factory. 

London,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  3  miles  from 
Overton.     It  has  3  churches,  a  sugar-mill,  <fec. 

London,  a  city  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, on  the  river  Thames,  121  miles  W.  of  Toronto,  and  107 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Windsor.  It  has  a  fine  appearance :  the 
streets  are  lit  with  gas,  and  are  wide  and  run  at  right  angles 
to  one  another.  Upon  them  are  many  excellent  buildings. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  agricultural  region,  and  is  an 
important  railway  centre,  being  the  junction  of  the  Great 
Western  with  the  branch  to  Sarnia,  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
London  &  Port  Stanley  Railway,  and  having  a  branch  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  from  St.  Mary's.  London  contains  6  branch 
banks,  fine  hotels  and  stores,  offices  issuing  3  daily  and 
several  weekly  newspapers,  an  exhibition  building,  a  luna- 
tic asylum,  orphan  asylum,  hospital,  a  convent,  4  colleges 

including  Huron  College,  Du£ferin  College,  and  Hellmuth 
Ladies'  College,  3  good  educational  establishments),  and  19 


churches.  It  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholis 
bishops.  The  town  has  extensive  iron-foundries  and  ma- 
chine-shops, mills,  breweries,  chemical  works,  petroleum- 
refineries,  tanneries,  boot-  and  shoe-,  soap-  and  candle-, 
musical-instrument-,  cabinet-,  carriage-,  and  other  factories, 
Ac.  The  commercial  aflfairs  of  the  city  are  regulated  by  a 
board  of  trade.  During  the  summer  months  large  numbers 
visit  London  on  account  of  its  sulphur  springs.  London  is 
a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  in  1881,  19,746;  in  1891,  26,266. 

London  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Princess  Anne  co., 
Va.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Norfolk. 

London  Britain,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Maryland  and  Delaware  lines.     Pop.  663. 

Londonderry,  liinMon-dSr'ree,  or  Der'ry,  a  county 
of  Ireland,  Ulster,  having  on  the  N.  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
and  Lough  Foyle,  E.  Antrim,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  Loughs  Neagh  and  Beg,  S.  Tyrone,  and  W.  Donegal. 
Area,  816  square  miles.  Surface,  in  the  S.  and  centre, 
mountainous;  elsewhere,  mostly  lowland.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Foyle,  Bann,  and  Roe.  Soils  various,  but  on  the  low- 
lands mostly  fertile.  The  county  was  granted  to  12  Lon- 
don companies  by  James  I.  after  the  rebellion  of  its  native 
chiefs :  hence  the  prefix  of  London  to  the  ancient  name  of 
the  county.  Principal  towns,  Londonderry  and  Coleraine. 
It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  two 
being  for  the  county.     Pop.  (1891)  118,773. 

Londonderry,  or  Derry,  a  city  of  Ireland,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Londonderry,  on  the  Foyle,  5  miles  above 
Lough  Foyle,  123  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  stands  on 
an  oval-shaped  hill,  the  buildings  rising  tier  above  tier  ij» 
a  very  picturesque  manner.  Part  of  the  city  is  surrounded 
by  a  wall  about  1  mile  in  circuit,  which  forms  an  agreeable 
promenade ;  but  the  houses  now  extend  for  a  considerable 
distance  beyond  it.  On  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Foyle  is 
a  large  suburb,  called  the  Waterside,  which  is  connected 
with  the  city  by  an  iron  bridge.  The  town  is  the  terminus 
of  several  railways.  The  principal  public  buildings  are 
the  cathedral,  the  corporation  hall,  court-house,  jail,  custom- 
house, lunatic  asylum,  the  diocesan  free  grammar-school, 
or  Foyle  College,  theatre,  linen  hall,  barracks,  and  a  Doric 
column,  surmounted  by  a  statue,  erected  in  memory  of  the 
Rev.  George  Walker,  the  intrepid  governor  of  the  city 
during  the  memorable  siege  in  1689.  The  town  is  the 
seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  Besides  Foyle  Col- 
lege, there  are  several  schools,  the  most  important  of  which 
are  the  National  School  and  Gwyn's  charitable  institution 
for  poor  boys.  Three  or  4  newspapers  are  published  here. 
The  manufactories  of  Londonderry  are  mills  for  spinning 
flax,  flour-mills,  distilleries,  breweries,  roperies,  foundries, 
tanneries,  and  a  ship-building  yard.  The  principal  arti- 
cles of  export  are  linen  and  linen  yarn,  and  large  quan- 
tities of  eggs,  butter,  wheat,  oats,  and  oatmeal,  amounting 
in  value  to  above  a  million  sterling.  The  chief  imports 
are  timber,  sugar,  rum,  flaxseed,  wine,  and  tobacco.  The 
salmon-fishery  of  the  river  and  the  lough  is  valuable.  The 
harbor  has  been  much  improved.  Regular  communication  by 
steamers  is  maintained  with  Liverpool,  Glasgow,  Greenock, 
and  other  ports.  The  port  of  call  for  ocean  steamers  is  at 
Moville,  on  Lough  Foyle,  18  miles  below  the  town.  The  bor- 
ough returns  a  member  to  Parliament.  The  most  memo- 
rable event  in  the  history  of  Londonderry  is  the  successful 
resistance  it  made,  in  1689,  during  a  siege  of  105  days,  to 
the  forces  of  James  II.  It  was  built  in  its  present  form  by 
the  "  Irish  Society,"  or  London  companies,  who  colonized 
and  gave  name  to  the  county.     Pop.  (1891)  32,893. 

Londonderry,  liin^d9n-dfir'ree,  a  post-village  in  Lon- 
donderry township,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manches- 
ter &  Lawrence  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1405. 

Londonderry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Londonderry  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.     It 
has  an  academy  and  2  churches.     Pop.  69 ;  of  the  town 
ship,  1313. 

Londonderry,  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Gillespieville. 

Londonderry,  township,  Bedford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1255. 

Londonderry,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.    Pop.  714. 

Londonderry,  township,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1935. 

Londonderry,  township,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2212. 

Londonderry,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Londonderry  township,  on  West  River,  about  30  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1252. 

Londonderry,  lun^on-dSr'ree,  a  seaport  town  of 
Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Colchester,  on  the  N.  side  of  Cobequid 
Bay,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  17  miles  W.  of 
Truro.     It  contains  10  stores,  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  Ac,  and 


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has  a  good  shipping-trade.  A  branch  railway  extends 
henoe  to  Londonderry  Iron  Mines.  The  Acadian  Charcoal 
Iron  Company  have  their  works  here.     Pop.  600. 

London  Grove,  a  post-village  in  London  Grove  and 
West  Marlborough  townships,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  38 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches.  Lon- 
don Grove  township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Avon- 
dale  (on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad), 
and  a  pop.  of  1804. 

London  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  is  at 
London,  a  hamlet  on  Spoon  River,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Galesburg.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

London  Station  (post-office,  Vigo),  a  hamlet  in  Lib- 
erty township,  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Chillioothe.     Pop.  57. 

Lone  Ce'dar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Lone  Cone,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  La  Plata  Moun- 
tains, in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state,  has  an  altitude  of 
'2,761  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Lone  Dell,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo. 

Lone  £lni,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  oc,  Kansas. 

Lone  Elm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  about  36 
miles  N.W.  of  JeflFerson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Lone  £lm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  37  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Lone  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Lone  Gum,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Lone  Jack,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  a  distillery,  and  2  tobacco-factories. 

Lone  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Lone  Oak,  post-township.  Bates  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1360. 

Lone  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Wills'  Point,  and  56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dallas.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  or  3  stores,  and  a  masonic  lodge. 

Lone  Oke,  Arkansas.     See  Lonoke. 

Lone  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park  Range, 
in  lat.  39°  52'  10"  N.,  Ion.  106°  25'  12"  W.  Altitude,  about 
11,200  feet. 

Lone  Pine,  a  post-township  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  458. 

Lone  Pine,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Amwell  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Washington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  distillery,  2  stores,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  2  saw- 
mills.    Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Lone  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Lone  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co..  Wis. 

Lone  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Lone  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pine 
River  Valley  &  Stevens  Point  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  385. 

Lone  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss.,  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Saltillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Lone  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  about  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Lone  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Rusk.     It  has  several  stores. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  about  12 
miles  S.  of  Princeton. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Fremont  township,  on  the  Muscatine  division  of  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  22  miles  W. 
af  Muscatine.    It  has  several  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Lone  Tree,  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     See  HALLOWELti. 

Lone  Tree,  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kan.     Pop.  242. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Lone  Tree,  Merrick  co..  Neb.    See  Central  City. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lone  Tree  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Minn. 

Lone  Wal'nut,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Lone  Well,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish.  La. 

Long,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  111. 

Longa,  lin'gi,  an  uninhabited  islet  of  the  Hebrides, 
li  miles  N.E.  of  Scalpa.     Circumference  about  li  miles. 

Long  Acre,  a'k^r,  township,  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.  P.  1651 . 

Longano,  lon-gi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Campobasso, 
6  miles  S.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  1153. 

Longarone,  lon-gi-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Belluno,  on  the  Piave.     Pop.  3516. 

Long  Bar,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  519. 

Long  Beach,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 


Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  a  long  sandy  island  in  the  At- 
lantic  Ocean,  7  or  8  miles  E.  of  Tuckerton.  Here  are  sev- 
eral hotels  for  summer  visitors.  It  is  reached  by  steamer 
from  Edge  Cove,  the  terminus  of  the  Tuckerton  Railroad. 

Long  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in 
Olive  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  14  miles  by  land 
E.  of  Pomeroy. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga. 

Long  Branch,  a  station  of  Mason  co..  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  <fc  NorthweBtem  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Springfield. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  a 
oreek  of  the  same  name,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Hannibal. 

Long  Branch,  a  post- village  and  fashionable  bathing- 
place  in  Ocean  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad  and 
the  New  York  A  Long  Branch  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of 
New  York,  and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  A  branch 
railroad  extends  hence  to  Eatontown.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  blufi"  and  broad  plateau  about  20  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  has  wide  avenues  lined  with  costly 
private  cottages,  and  several  immense  hotels.  This  place  is 
the  favorite  summer  resort  and  residence  of  many  eminent 
and  fashionable  persons.  Long  Branch  has  a  newspaper 
office,  5  churches  (viz.,  1  Catholic,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist, 
and  2  Reformed),  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  trotting-park 
which  is  said  to  have  cost  $250,000,  and  about  150  hand- 
some cottages  which  are  occupied  only  in  summer.  Pop. 
in  1880,  3833;  in  1890,  7231. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  ot  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Long  Branch,  a  station  on  the  Alexandria  <fc  Fred- 
ericksburg Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alexandria,  Va 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Long  Cane,  a  village  of  Troup  co.,  Gki.,  on  the  At- 
lanta <fc  West  Point  Railroad,  78  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta, 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  West  Point,  and  about  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Chattahoochee  River.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  560. 

Long  Cane,  a  post- township  of  Abbeville  ec,  S.C. 
Pop.  1400. 

Long  Cane  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  through  Troup 
CO.  into  the  Chattahoochee  a  few  miles  below  West  Point. 

Long  Cane  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  Little 
River  in  the  S.  part  of  Abbeville  co. 

Long  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Mt.  Airy. 

Long  Creek,  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C,  flows  into 
the  Catawba  River  from  the  N.E. 

Long  Creek,  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Rocky  River. 

Long  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon,  aboat 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Heppner.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  111.,  in  Long 
Creek  township,  on  the  Indiana  &  Illinois  Central  RaiU 
road,  6  miles  E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1372. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Long  Creek  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Leon.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  745. 

Long  Creek,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C 
Pop.  1457. 

Long  Creek,  Pender  co.,  N.C.    See  Lillington. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  oo.,  S.C 

Long  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  8  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  3 
stores  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  100. 

Long  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Va.,  7  miles 
from  Longdale  Station,  which  is  on  the  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio 
Railroad,  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  blast- 
furnace for  pig-iron,  which  employs  about  100  hands. 

Long  Den,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Neb. 

Long  Dick's  Creek,  of  Iowa,  flows  into  Skunk  River 
in  Jasper  co. 

Long  Eddy,  New  York.    See  Douglas  Citt. 

Longeville,  a  town  of  Lorraine.    See  Sasct  Ayoli*. 

Lon^gev'ity,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  oo.,  Tenn. 

Long  Falls  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoLean  co., 
Ky.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Henderson.     It  has  3  churches. 

Long'fellow,  a  station  in  Mifflin  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Long'ford,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster, 
having  an  area  of  421  square  miles.  Much  of  the  area  is 
highly  fertile.  The  Shannon,  with  Lough  Gonna  and  other 
lakes,  borders  on  the  county,  which  is  crossed  by  the  Royal 
Canal.  Capital,  Longford.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  64,601 ;  in  1891,  52,653. 


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Longford}  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above 
oounty,  on  the  Camlin,  4  miles  from  its  confluence  with  the 
Shannon,  and  68  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  handsome  Roman  Catholic  cathedral, 
a  large  oounty  court-house,  a  jail,  barracks,  an  infirmary, 
a  workhouse,  a  market-house,  and  large  markets  for  grain, 
butter,  and  leather.     Pop.  4375. 

liOng'ford,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Abilene. 

Long  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Long  Glade,  Augusta  co.,  Va.    See  Spring  Hill. 

Long  Green  Academy,  a  post-offioe  of  Baltimore 
cc  Md. 

Long  Grove,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of, Lake  co..  111., 
27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Long  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Davenport  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  Maquoketa  Branch, 
16  miles  N.  of  Davenport.     It  has  a  church. 

Lon^  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Cecilian. 

Long  Har'bor,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  47  miles  from  Harbor  Briton. 
The  harbor  is  about  1  mile  wide,  and  runs  inward  for  12 
miles.     It  is  thickly  wooded  on  both  sides.     Pop.  140. 

Long  Harbor,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  E.  side  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Little  Plaoen- 
tia.     Pop.  139. 

Long  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.;  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonic  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  shirts  and  lumber. 

Long  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pas- 
saic township,  1  mile  from  Sterling  Station. 

Long  Hol'low,  a  post-offioe  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Long  Hollow,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Long  Hope,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Neb. 

Long  Island,  New  York,  is  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  is  the  most  S.E.  part  of  the  state  of  New  York.  It  is 
separated  from  the  city  of  New  York  by  a  strait,  called 
the  East  River,  which  is  about  i  mile  wide,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  which  separates  it  from 
Connecticut.  It  is  about  110  miles  long,  measured  on  a 
line  extending  nearly  E.  and  W.,  the  greatest  width  being 
nearly  20  miles.  Its  outline  is  indented  by  numerous  bays 
and  inlets,  among  which  are  Great  Peconio  and  Jamaica 
Bays.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  island  is  divided  into  3  coun- 
ties,— Kings,  Queens,  and  Suffolk.  The  city  of  Brooklyn 
is  situated  on  its  W.  end,  and  the  E.  extremity  of  this  island 
is  called  Montauk  Point.  The  Long  Island  Railroad  ex- 
tends from  Hunter's  Point  (on  the  East  River)  to  Greenport, 
94  miles.  Light-houses  have  been  erected  at  Montauk 
Point  and  other  points. 

Long  Island,  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  in  Boston  har- 
bor. It  has  a  light-house  and  a  summer  hotel,  and  is  forti- 
fied.    Pop.  64. 

Long  Island,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  is  in  Lake  Winnepe- 
saukee,  and  is  connected  by  a  bridge  with  the  mainland. 
Length,  3  miles ;  width,  1^  miles.  It  is  a  summer  resort, 
and  2  boarding-houses  have  been  built  on  it. 

Long  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  lat.  (N.  point) 
23°  41'  N.,  Ion.  76°  19'  W.,  about  70  miles  in  length  by  3 
to  4  in  breadth. 

Long  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Java  Sea,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Billiton.     Lat.  2°  61'  S. ;  Ion.  107°  30'  E. 

Long  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Java  Sea,  S.E.  of 
Madura.     Lat.  7°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  113°  6'  E. 

Long  Island,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  New  Zea- 
land, at  the  S.E.  entrance  to  Foveaux  Strait.  Lat.  47°  17' 
S.:  Ion.  167°  25'  E. 

Long  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.  coast  of  Papua. 
Lat.  (N.  point)  0°  63'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  50'  E. 

Long  Island,  a  small  island  in  Queen  Charlotte's 
Sound,  Cook  Strait,  New  Zealand.  Lat.  41°  6'  S. ;  Ion.  174° 
27'  E.     It  is  about  4  miles  long. 

Long  Island,  an  island  of  British  North  America, 
Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  55°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  W. 

Long  Island,  a  name  applied  to  a  group  of  the 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  comprising  Lewis,  Harris,  Benbecula, 
North  and  South  Uist,  Ac,  which  are  supposed  to  have 
been  formerly  united. 

Long  Island,  a  lofty  island  in  Placentia  Bay,  S.  coast 
of  Newfoundland.     It  contains  Harbor  Buffet. 

Long  Island,  an  island  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lat.  55° 
6'  N.;  Ion.  79°  W. 

Long  Island,  an  island  in  Minas  Basin,  2  miles  from 
Irand  Pr4,  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia.     Pop.  120. 


Long  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  oo 
the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Island,  a  post-township  of  Phillips  co  ,  Kansas, 
on  Prairie  Dog  River.     Pop.  422. 

Long  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Mo.,  on 
an  island  in  Casco  Bay,  6  miles  from  Portland.  Pop.  of 
the  island,  about  200. 

Long  Island,  a  plantation  in  Hancock  co..  Me.,  con- 
sists of  an  island  in  Bluehill  Bay.     Pop.  177. 

Long  Island,  co.  of  Ottawa,  Quebec,  is  at  the  head  of 
Lake  Mistake,  on  the  Riviere  du  Lievre. 

Long  Island,  or  Free'port,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  an  island  between  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
and  St.  Mary's  Bay,  off  Digby  Neck,  38  miles  S.W.  of 
Digby.     Pop.  of  island,  701. 

Long  Island  City,  a  city  of  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  in 
Queens  co.,  is  on  the  East  River,  opposite  the  city  of  New 
York,  and  is  separated  from  Brooklyn  by  Newtown  Creek. 
It  includes  Hunter's  Point,  Astoria,  Ravenswood,  Dutch 
Kills,  Blissville,  Ac,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Long 
Island  Railroad  and  of  the  Flushing  A  Northside  Railroad. 
It  has  23  churches,  2  banks,  oil-works,  extensive  manufac- 
tories, and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  17,129 ;  in  1890,  30,606. 

Long  Island  Locks,  a  post- village  in  Russell  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  Canal,  b\  miles  N.  of  Manotick. 

Long  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  Bonavista 
Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Long  Island  Sound  is  a  portion  of  the  sea  which 
forms  the  S.  boundary  of  Connecticut  and  washes  the  N. 
coast  of  Long  Island.  It  is  nearly  110  miles  long,  and  is  20 
miles  wide  near  the  middle.  The  W.  part,  which  forms  the 
boundary  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  some  places  about  2 
miles  wide.  The  sound  is  connected  with  New  York  Bay 
by  a  strait,  called  East  River.  Steamboats  plying  between 
New  York  and  Boston  pass  through  this  sound. 

Longjnmeau,  loM»^zhii^mo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2133. 

Long  Keys  (keez),  three  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Hon- 
duras.    Lat.  (Middle)  17°  10'  N.;  Ion.  88°  48'  W. 

Long  Keys,  Bahamas,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  S.W.  en- 
trance to  Crooked  Passage.    Lat.  22°  35'  N.;  Ion.  74°  20'  W. 

Long  King  Creek,  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  flows  into  Trin- 
ity River  from  the  N. 

Long  Lake,  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  is  about  6  miles  S. 
of  Lake  Huron.  It  is  nearly  10  miles  long,  and  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  Cheboygan  River. 

Long  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  and  lies  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  It  is 
18  miles  long,  about  3  miles  wide,  and  is  situated  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Mount  Seward,  at  an  elevation  of  1575  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  supplied  with  water  from  Racket 
Lake,  and  its  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  Racket 
River,  which  issues  from  the  N.E.  end  of  Long  Lake. 

Long  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  111.,  on  Long 
Lake,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.E.  of  Ea^t  St.  Louis,  and  near  Mitchell 
Station  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad. 

Long  Lake,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich., 
6  or  8  miles  W.  of  Traverse  City.  It  contains  a  lake  of 
the  same  name,  4  miles  long,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  275. 

Long  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Medina  township,  on  the  St.  Pa^il  A  Pacific  Railroad,  28 
miles  W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Lake  Minnetonka. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  stave-factory,  and  a  church. 

Long  Lake,  township,  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.     P.  310. 

Long  Lake,  a  large  post-township  in  the  N.  part  of 
Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  comprises  part  of  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  with  several  beautiful  lakes,  among  which  are 
Long  Lake  and  Racket  Lake.     Pop.  299. 

Long  Lake,  or  Gougeville,  gdwj'vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hamilton  cc,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Lake,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
North  Creek  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.,  37 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  the 
"  Enterprise  Community,"  holding  property  in  common. 

Long  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Wrightsville.    It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-foundry. 

Long  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Longlier,  16N°Me-i'  or  Iftng'leer,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Luxembourg,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1400. 

Long  Meadow,  mgd'o,  a  post-village  of  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Long  Meadow  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
A  Hartford  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1467.    See  also  East  Longmeadow. 


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liong  Melford,  England.    See  Melpord. 

Longmere,  long'meer,  or  Long'inire«  a  post-office 
of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

liOngmire's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  oo., 
S.C,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Pine  House.     It  has  6  families. 

Long'mont,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  oo.,  Col.,  on  the 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of  Golden  City,  and 
66  miles  N.N.W.  of  Denver.  It  is  surrounded  by  grand 
mountain-scenery,  and  in  its  vicinity  gold  and  lignite  are 
found.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Long- 
mont  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  2  flour- 
ing-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  773;  in  1890,  1543. 

Liongni)  l6No^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orae,  13  miles 
E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1484. 

liOUgobardi)  lon-go-ban'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Co- 
senza,  1 2  miles  S.  of  Paola,  on  the  Mediterranean.     P.  2167. 

Longobuco,  lon-go-boo'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3225. 

Longos  (I6n'g6s)  Peninsula,  the  central  of  three 
considerable  peninsulas  in  the  j^gean  Sea,  having  Cape 
Drepano  at  its  S.  extremity.     It  is  about  40  miles  long. 

liOngo-Sardo,  lon'go-saR'do  (anc.  Tibula?)  a  seaport 
town  and  cape  of  Sardinia,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari,  at  the 
W.  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Bonifacio. 

Long  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Anson  oo.,  N.C. 

Liong  Plain,  a  small  post-village  of  Bristol  oo.,  Mass., 
in  Acushnet  township,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Bedford. 
It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 

Long  Point,  or  Long  Point  Shoals,  Massachu- 
setts, within  Cape  Cod,  near  its  extremity.  On  it,  at  the 
entrance  of  Provincetown  Harbor,  is  a  fixed  light,  25  feet 
high.     Lat.  42°  2'  10"  N.;  Ion.  70°  10'  85"  W. 

Long  Point,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  oo..  Ark. 

Long  Point,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  in 
Long  Point  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  <fc  South- 
western Railroad,  98  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
general  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  970. 

Long  Point,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Lawsonham  Junction. 

Long  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex., 
9  mile^  N.W.  of  Brenham.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  Belleisle  Bay,  27  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Long  Point,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  14  miles  from  Port  Hastings.     Pop.  250. 

Long  Point,  Ontario.     See  Point  Traverse. 

Long  Point,  a  fishing  village  of  Quebec,  on  the  N. 
Bide  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Mingan. 
Bee  also  Longue  Pointe. 

Long  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga. 

Long  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on 
Mount  Desert  Island,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bar  Harbor. 

Long  Pond,  a  village  in  Newfoundland,  on  Conception 
Bay,  16  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  250. 

Long  Prairie,  Wayne  co.,  111.    See  Middleton. 

Long  Prairie,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Todd  oo., 
Minn.,  on  Long  Prairie  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same 
name,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  is  surrounded 
by  fertile  prairies  diversified  with  beautiful  small  lakes,  and 
has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several 
mills.     Pop.  of  t)ie  township  in  1890,  1206. 

Long  Prairie,  township,  Mississippi  co..  Mo.     P.  697. 

Long  Prairie  River,  Minnesota,  issues  from  a  small 
lake  near  the  middle  of  Douglas  co.,  and  runs  eastward  to 
Long  Prairie,  Todd  co.  Below  this  point  it  runs  northward, 
and  enters  the  Crow  Wing  River  14  miles  from  its  mouth 
and  2  miles  from  Motley.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Longpr6,  l6N»^pr4',  several  villages  of  France,  the 
principal  of  which  is  in  Somme,  with  a  station  on  the  rail- 
way du  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Abbeville,     Pop.  1922. 

Long  Rap'ids,  a  post-township  of  Alpena  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  291. 

Long  Reach^  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Bayside 
View,  the  terminus  of  the  road. 

Long  Reach,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
^     Long  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Long  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Stamford  township,  about  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bridgeport. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  shoes. 

Long  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  N.C, 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Run,  a  post-office  of  Switzerland  co.,  Jnd. 

Long  Run,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Shelby  ville  with  Louisville,  19  miles 
E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 
107 


Long  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  k  Conneilarilla 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Long  Run,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     See  Matbyillk. 

Long  Run,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C. 

Long  Run  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  oo., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of 
Clarksburg. 

Long  Savan'nah,  a  post-office  of  Jtunea  co.,  Tenn. 

Long's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Longs'dorPs,  a  station  in  Cumberland  oo.,  Pa.,  oa 
the  Harrisburg  <fc  Potomao  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
South  Mountain  Junction. 

Long's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Long'side,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Aberdeen,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Peterhead.     Pop.  584. 

Long's  Mills,  a  nost-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Greensborough.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Long's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  McMinn  oo.,  Tenn. 

Long's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moan- 
tains,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  North  Park,  and  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Denver.  The  altitude  is  computed  to  be 
14,271  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Its  top  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow,  and  its  sides  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 
Lat.  40°  15'  19"  N. ;  Ion.  105°  36'  37"  W. 

Long's  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo..  Pa. 

Long's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  N.C. 

Long'street,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ga. 

Longstreet,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  parish,  La. 

Longstreet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Tex,. 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga. 

Long  Swamp,  a  post-township  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa., 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Reading.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  contains  a  post-village 
named  Topton.     Pop.  2910. 

Long  Tom,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  about  12 
miles  W.  of  Eugene  City. 

Long'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  has  coal-  and  iron- 
mines,  potteries,  and  manufactures  of  china.     Pop.  19,748. 

Long'ton,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  near  Elk 
River,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Independence,  and  about  48  miles 
W.  of  Parsons.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  church, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  township,  959. 

Long'town,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  Esk,  8i  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.     Pop.  1946. 

Long'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Como  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Longtown,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Mo,,  18  miles 
N,W,  of  Grand  Tower,  111. 

Longtown,  a  post-office  of  Tadkin  oo.,  N.C. 

Longu6,  l&K»^g&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
12  miles  S.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  1876. 

Longue  Pointe  (Fr.  pron.  16n>  pw&Nt),  the  chief  town 
of  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 6  miles  by  rail  E.of  Montreal.     Pop.  250. 

Longueuil,  IAM°^gul',  the  chief  town  of  the  oo.  of 
Chambly,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles 
E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  2  churches  and  several  stores 
and  hotels.  It  is  the  summer  residence  of  many  Mon- 
trealers.     Pop.  2083. 

Longus  Yicus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Longwy. 

Longuyon,  l6N<>^ghe-6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meurth»- 
et-Moselle,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Briey.     Pop.  2020. 

Long  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lassen  oo.,  Cal.,  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Reno,  Nevada.     Pop.  of  township,  135. 

Longview,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.    See  Whitihg. 

LongView',  a  post-village  of  Ashley  oo.,  Ark.,  on  th« 
Saline  River,  about  64  miles  S.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  a 
church. 

Longview,  Banks  oo.,  Ga.    See  Lulah. 

Long  View,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  oo.,  Qa.,  on  thn 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad. 

Longview,  a  post-office  of  Christian  oo.,  Ky. 

Longview,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gregg  oo.,  Texas, 
is  on  the  Texas  k  Pacific  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
International  &>  Great  Northern  Railroad,  235  miles  N.  of 
Houston,  122  miles  E.  of  Dallas,  and  24  miles  W.  of  Mar- 
shall. It  is  a  plaoe  of  recent  origin  and  rapid  growth.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  bank,  5  schools,  and  a  manufactory  of 
lightning-rods.  One  or  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1526,-  in  1890,  2U34. 

Long'ville,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  oo.,  Cal. 

Longville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  0. 

Long'wood,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Meath,  9  mile* 
S.S.W.  of  Trim. 


LON 


1690 


Isuu 


Long'wood)  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles 
from  Sanford.     It  is  mainly  supported  by  fruit-culture. 

liongwood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fayette  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
5  miles  W.  of  Connersville. 

liOngwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caddo  parish,  La.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Longwoody  a  station  on  the  Brookline  Branch  of  the 
Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  the  initial  station 
in  Boston,  Mass. 

Longwoody  a  hamlet  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  in  Union 
township,  near  the  Chippewa  River,  about  66  miles  W.  of 
Bay  City. 

liOngwood,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  16  or  16 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  chair-fac- 
tory, and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Iiongwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Custer  oo.,  Neb.,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Grand  Island.     It  has  a  church. 

Longwoodf  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va. 

liOngwoodj  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  in  Hixon 
township,  2  miles  E.  of  Black  River,  and  35  miles  N.  of 
Hatfield  Station. 

Long'wood,  or  Mel'bourne,  a  post-village  in  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Longwood  Station.   P.  150. 

liOUg^woods'y  a  post-office  of  Talbot  co.,  Md. 

Long'wood  Station,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  oo., 
Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  21  miles  W.S.W. 
of  London.     It  contains  a  store  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

liOngWY)  l6N»Vee'  (ano.  Lon'gus  Vi'cua  f),  a  fortified 
town  of  France,  department  of  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  on  the 
Belgian  frontier,  and  on  a  railway,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Metz.  Its  citadel  stands  on  a  steep  rock,  below  which  ex- 
tends the  new  town,  having  a  hospital  and  military  prison. 
Longwy  was  called  by  Louis  XIV.  the  "Iron  Gate  of 
France."     Pop.  2939. 

liOng  Year,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

Long- Yeoo,  or  Long- Yeou,  long^-yS-oo',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  on  the  banks  of  the  Hwuy- 
Chow  or  Gran  River,  about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nan-Che. 

Lonigo,  lo-nee'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Vicenza,  on  the  Gua,  at  the  foot  of  a 
lofty  hill  crowned  by  an  old  castle.  It  has  a  court  of  law, 
several  public  offices,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  9185. 

Loningen,  lo'ning-^n,  or  Wiek  Loningen,  ♦eek 
lo'ning-^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  on  the 
Hase,  34  miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Oldenburg.    Pop.  1167. 

Lonka,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Kis-Lonka. 

Lonlay  I'Abbaye,  l6N»Mi'  lib^bi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Orne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Domfront.     P.  of  commune,  3133. 

Lonneker,  lon'nSk-^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Almelo. 

Lo'nO)  a  post-office  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark. 

Lonoke,  ISn'ok,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Arkan- 
sas. Area,  769  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Cypress, 
Metoe,  and  Watausaw  Bayous.  The  surface,  undulating 
or  hilly,  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory, 
oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  and  Little  Rock  &  Memphis  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Lonoke.  Pop.  in  1880,  12,146 ;  in  1890, 
19,263. 

Lonoke,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark., 
22  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  858. 

Lons'dale  (the  "Valley  of  the  Lune"),  a  division  of 
England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  on  its  S.E.  side,  which  gives 
the  title  of  earl  to  the  Lowther  family. 

Lons'dale,  a  post-village  of  Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the  Providence  <fc  Worcester 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  library,  gas-works,  a  bleachery,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton,  including  fine  cambric. 

Lons'dale,  a  post- village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Salmon  River,  4  miles  from  Marysville.  It  contains  a 
grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  3  or  4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Lon8-le-Saulnier,16No^-l9h-so^ne-i'(ano.ie'dM»t«S'a- 
lo'rium  ?),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Jura,  at  a  railway  junction,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Dijon.  Pop. 
1 1,265.  It  is  very  ancient  and  well  built.  Chief  objects 
of  interest,  the  churches  of  the  Cordeliers  and  of  St.  D6sir6, 
and  the  salt-well  discovered  in  the  fourth  century,  to  which 
the  town  owes  its  foundation  and  its  name,  and  which  is 
always  full,  although  its  waters  are  constantly  extracted, 
and  yield  a  great  amount  of  salt.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, a  public  library,  a  museum,  a  copper-foundry,  tan- 
neries, and  manufactures  of  brushes,  silk,  and  eye-glasses. 
Lontar,  Ion-tan',  or  Poolo  Lontar,  poo'lo  lon-taR', 


an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  peninsula  of  Malacca,  front 
which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait,  21  miles  long  by 
about  6  miles  broad.     Lat.  7°  30'  N.;  Ion.  99°  E. 

Lontoir,  lonHwaR'  or  lon-toir',  a  town  of  the  Banda 
Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  Banda  Nera.  It 
has  a  hospital,  and  near  it  pumice-stone  is  obtained. 

Lonya,  lon'yi,  a  river  of  Hungary,  in  Croatia,  joins  the 
Save  after  a  course  of  about  70  miles. 

Loo,  15,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the 
Loo  Canal,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Furnes.     Pop.  1760. 

Looan,  loo^&n',  or  Lou-Ngan,  loo^-ng&n',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-See.     Lat.  36°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  B. 

Looan,  or  Looang.    See  Loean. 

Looban,  Louban,  or  Luban,  loo-b&n',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  80  miles  S.  of  Minsk. 

Looban,  Louban,  or  Luban,  loo^b&n',  a  small 
island  of  the  Philippines,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Manila.  Lat. 
13°  52'  N.;  Ion.  120°  8'  E. 

Loobar,  or  Loubar,  loo-baR',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Volhynia,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Zhitomeer.     Pop.  3500. 

Loobatchovka,  or  Lubaczowka,  loo-bi-chov'kl^ 
a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Vladimeer. 

Loobny,  Loubny,  or  Lubni,  loob'nee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava,  on 
the  Soola.  Lat.  60°  N. ;  Ion.  33°  E.  Pop.  5205.  It  has  a 
veterinary  institution,  botanic  gardens,  and  a  pharmaceutio 
school,  founded  by  Peter  the  Great. 

Loo^-Choo'  {ch  as  in  child)  Islands,  written  also^ 
Lieou-Khieou  and  Riou-Kiou,  ree^o'-kee^o',  a 
group  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Japan  and  For- 
mosa, consisting  of  the  Great  Loo-Choo,  about  65  miles  in 
length  by  16  miles  in  average  breadth,  with  about  35  small 
islands,  the  whole  between  lat.  24°  10'  and  28°  40'  N.  and 
Ion.  127°  and  129°  E.  The  chief  products  are  provision* 
and  live-stock,  with  sulphur,  salt,  copper,  and  tin.  The 
principal  foreign  trade  is  with  Japan,  on  which  country  the 
group  is  dependent,  with  some  qualified  subjection  to  China. 
The  government  is  under  a  king.  Foreigners,  except  Japan- 
ese, are  hardly  tolerated  in  the  country.  Chief  port,  Napa, 
Capital,  Shooree.     Pop.  about  160,000. 

Loochristy,  iS-Kris'tee,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  6  miles  N.E,  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3480. 

Loodianah,  or  Ludhiana,  loo'dee-&'na,  also  called 
Lodiana,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Sutlej,  110  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Lahore.  It  has  manufactures  of  shawls, 
tents,  and  cotton  cloth,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  39,983. 

Loodianah,  a  district  of  the  Amritsir  division,  Pun> 
jab,  India.  Area,  1368  square  miles.  Capital,  Loodianah. 
Pop.  683,245. 

Looe,  loo,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
enters  the  English  Channel  at  Helstone.  Its  estuary  is  a 
beautiful  lake,  called  Looe  Pool. 

Looe,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  flows 
into  the  English  Channel  at  Looe. 

Looe,  an  old  seaport  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall, 
consisting  of  the  decayed  boroughs  of  East  and  West  Looej 
at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Looe,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Launceston.     Pop.  of  East  Looe,  1396 ;  of  West  Looe,  798. 

Looee-Choo,  or  Loui-Tchou,  loo'ee-choo',  writ- 
ten also  Loui-Tcheou,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  capital  of  the  southernmost  department  of 
the  empire,  250  miles  S.W.  of  Canton,  near  the  mouth  of  a 
small  river,  which  falls  into  the  China  Sea. 

Looga,  Louga,  or  Luga,  loo'gi,  a  river  of  Russia, 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Finland  75  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Peters- 
burg.    Length,  150  miles. 

Looga,  Louga,  or  Luga,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  85  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  above 
river.     Pop.  1800. 

Loogan,  or  Lugan,  loo-gin'  (called  also  Loogansk, 
Lugansk,  and  Looganskoe),  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Yekaterinoslav,  55  miles  E.  of  Bakhmoot.  It 
has  coal-mines,  foundries,  Ac.     Pop.  10,049. 

Looganskaia  (Louganskaia,  or  Lugansk^ua) 
Stanitza,  loo-gin-ski'4  sti-neet'si,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Don  Cossacks,  105  miles  N.  of  Novo- 
Cherkask. 

Loogoonor,  or  Lougounor,  loo-goo-noR',  one  of 
the  Caroline  Islands.     Lat.  5°  29'  20"  N.;  Ion.  163°  38'  B. 

Loogoo'tee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo..  111.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Brownstown  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Loogootee,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  34  miles  E. 
of  Vincennes,  and  158  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     P.  748. 

Loohoo,  a  native  state  of  Celebes.     See  Loehoe. 

Lookh,  Loukh,  look,  Looka,  or  Louka,  loo'ki,  a 


LOO 


1691 


LOR 


rirer  of  Russia,  joins  the  Kliasma  in  the  government  of 
Vladimeer.     Total  course,  about  80  miles. 

liOO-Kiang,  Lou-Kiang,  or  Lu>Kiang,  loo^-ke- 
ing',  a  river  of  Thibet,  one  of  the  heads  of  the  Salwin. 

Loo-Kiang,  or  Lou-Kiang,  loo^-ke-&ng',  a  town 
of  China,  in  Ngan-Hoei,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Nanking. 

LookianoT,  lioukianov,  or  Lukianow,  look-y&- 
nov'  (Polish,  Lukojanow,  loo-ko-yi'nov),  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 
Pop.  2371. 

Look'ing  Glass,  a  post-offioe  of  Platte  oo..  Neb. 

Looking  Glass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Roseburg. 

Looking  Glass  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Shiawassee 
CO.,  runs  westward  through  Clinton  co.,  and  enters  Grand 
River  at  Portland,  in  Ionia  oo.     It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

Looknooee,  or  Looknooi.    See  Sai-Gon. 

Look'ont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Pikeville.     It  has  several  general  stores. 

Lookout,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  &  Truokee  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  E.  of  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Lookout,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bell's  Gap 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bellwood. 

Lookout,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Lookout,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Lookout,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie. 

Lookout  Creek  rises  near  the  S.  end  of  Dade  co.,  Ga., 
runs  nearly  northeastward,  passes  into  Tennessee,  and  en- 
ters the  Tennessee  River  about  3  miles  below  Chattanooga. 
Ii  runs  along  a  narrow  valley  between  Lookout  Mountain 
and  Missionary  Ridge,  and  at  the  S.E.  base  of  the  former. 

Lookout  Mountain,  a  ridge  which  traverses  Dade 
CO.,  Ga.,  in  the  extreme  N.W.  part  of  the  state,  and  extends 
northeastward  into  Tennessee  to  the  Tennessee  River,  and 
southwestward  into  Alabama,  in  which  state  most  of  the 
ridge  lies.  Its  N.E.  extremity  is  2^  miles  from  Chatta- 
nooga, It  is  remarkable  for  grand  and  beautiful  scenery, 
and  is  noted  for  a  battle  of  Nov.  24,  1863.  The  highest 
part  of  this  ridge  is  about  1600  feet  above  the  Tennessee. 

Lookout  Mountain,  a  post-office  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  from  Chattanooga.  It 
is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Loom^chang',  a  town  of  Siam,  in  the  region  between 
Maulmain  and  Bangkok,  and  stated  to  have  a  large  trade. 

Loom'is,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  oo.,  Cal. 

Loomis,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Wise 
township,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Farwell.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  town  hall,  and  1  or  2  shingle- 
mills.     Pop.  about  250. , 

Lx>o-na-Shau,  or  Lou-na-Chan,  Ioo-n&-sh&n',  a 
mountain  of  China,  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  in  about 
lat.  26°  30'  N.,  Ion.  103°  E. 

Loonee,  or  Lnni,  loo'nee,  a  river  of  India,  which  has 
its  rise  in  a  marshy  tract  in  the  district  of  Ajmeer,  in  lat. 
26°  37'  N.,  Ion.  74°  46'  E.  It  flows  into  the  Runn  of  Cutch 
by  two  mouths,  one  in  lat.  24°  42'  N.,  Ion.  71°  11'  E.,  and 
the  other  10  miles  more  to  the  S.E.  It  has  a  total  S.W. 
course  of  320  square  miles.  Area  of  basin,  22,400  square 
miles. 

Loo'ney,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1750. 

Looney's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  store,  a 
grist-mill,  &c. 

Loo'neyville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  (main  line),  16 
miles  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Looneyville,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Loo-Ngan,  or  Lou-Ngan,  loo^ngin  or  loong^gln',  a 
fortified  town  of  China,  province  of  See-Chuen,  capital  of 
a  department,  on  the  frontier  of  Thibet. 

Loou^ghee',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Irra- 
waddy,  60  miles  N.  of  Prome. 

Loon-op- Zand,  lon-op-zint,  or  Venloon,  vfin- 
lon',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duo.     Pop.  6010. 

Loop,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Hollidaysburg  to  Henrietta,  1  mile  E.  of  Williamsburg 
Junction,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg. 

Loop  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Loop  Creek  Station,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  Here  is  a  hamlet  called  Deep- 
water,  which  has  a  church. 

Loop-Mead,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  at  the  N.  side 
of  the  entrance  of  the  Shannon.  Elevation,  232  feet.  On 
It  is  a  fixed  light.     Lat.  62°  33'  39"  N.j  Ion.  9°  36'  W. 


Looristan,  Louristan,  or  Luristan,  loo-ris-tin', 
a  mountainous  district  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  between 

32°  and  34°  N.  lat. 

Loos,  looe,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  sugar,  linen, 
chemicals,  dyes,  and  spirits,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  great  prison, 
a  reform  school,  and  an  orphanage.     Pop.  6910. 

Loos,  I5sh,  Lossa,  fosh'fih^  or  Losing,  lo'zing,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  1230. 

Loos,  Lous,  or  Lns,  loos,  a  province  of  Beloochistan, 
bordering  on  the  Indian  Ocean.  Area,  6200  square  miles. 
Pop.  60,000. 

Loo^sahatch'ee,  a  small  river  of  Tennessee,  runs 
W.  through  Fayette  co.  and  S.W.  in  Shelby  co.,  and  enters 
the  Wolf  River  about  3  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 

Loosapatilla  Creek,    See  Luxapatilla  Creek. 

Loo^sascoo'na  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Ponto- 
toc CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Calhoan 
and  Yalabusha,  and  enters  the  Yalabusha  River  in  Grenada 
CO.,  4  miles  above  Grenada.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Loose  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  about 
16  miles  E.  of  Jeflferson  City.  It  has  3  general  stores  and 
2  flour-mills. 

Looshtook,  an  Indian  name  for  the  river  St.  John,  N.B. 

Loosing  (looz'ing)  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows 
through  Hertford  co.  into  the  Chowan. 

Lootenhulle,  iS't^n-hiiri^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2936. 

Lootsk,  Loutsk,  Lutsk,  or  Luck,  lootsk,  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  40  miles  B.  of  Vladimeer.  Pop. 
11,838. 

Loox^aho'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tate  oo.,  Miss.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Senatobia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Loox^apalil'a,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Looz,  loz,  or  Borchloen,  booRK^loon',  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Limbourg,  9  miles  S.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1870. 

Looza,  Louza,  or  Luza,  loo'z&,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Vologda,  joins  the  Yoog.    Length,  200  miles. 

Lopedusa,  an  island  of  Italy.     See  Lampriduba. 

Lopenitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Schlapanitz. 

Lopera,  lo-pd,'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  3387. 

Lo'pez  (Span.  pron.  lo'pSth)  Island,  a  post-office  of 
San  Juan  co.,  Washington,  on  Lopez  Island,  E.  of  San  Juan. 
Area  of  island,  30  square  miles. 

Lopienno,  lo-pe-dn'no,  a  town  of  Prussia,  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Gnesen.     Pop.  1246. 

Lop  Nor,  lop  noR,  or  Lob  Nor,  a  lake  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  lat.  40°  50'  N.,  Ion.  87°  30'  to  89°  E.,  sur- 
rounded by  a  desert  country.  It  receives  the  river  Yarkand, 
but  has  no  known  outlet.  Length,  estimated  from  60  to 
100  miles.     Elevation,  2200  feet.     It  is  very  shallow. 

Loppersum,  lop'p^r-sfim,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Groningen.  Pop., 
with  environs,  2622. 

Lopud,  an  island  of  Austria.     See  Mezzo. 

Lora,  lo'ri,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  rises  about  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Shawl,  and,  after  flowing  S.W.  for  80  miles,  is  lost 
in  the  sands  of  the  desert. 

Lora,  a  district  in  the  S.  of  Afghanistan,  near  Ghnznee. 

Lora  del  Rio,  lo'rS,  dfil  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
Pop.  7140.     It  has  manufactures  of  hats  and  leather. 

Lorai,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Illorai. 

Lorain,  lo-ran',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  drained  by  Black  and  Vermilion 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  chestnut,  hickory,  ana 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  contains  much  clay. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  wheat,  and  oheese  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  Devonian 
sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected 
by  railroads  named  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <k 
St.  Louis,  the  Wheeling  <t  Lake  Erie,  the  Cleveland,  Lo- 
rain &  Wheeling,  and  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern, the  latter  two  of  which  pass  through  Elyria,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  30,308;  in  1880,  35,526;  in  1890,  40,295. 

Lorain,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  182. 

Lorain,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Black  River 
township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Elyria,  and  about  25  miles  W.  of 
Cleveland.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  A 
Wheeling  Railroad,  and  has  a  good  harbor,  with  shipments 
of  coal,  grain,  lumber,  and  iron  ore.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  brass-  and 
iron-foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  planing- mills,  7  coal-derricks. 


LOR 


1692 


LOB 


and  a  manufactory  of  soil-pipe.  The  machine-shops  and 
car-works  of  the  railroad  are  located  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1505;  in  1890,  4863. 

Loraine*  lo-ran',  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  oo.,  Ala.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Wetumpka.     It  has  a  church. 

liOraine)  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Eeene 
township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy 
Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Quinoy.     It  has  4  stores. 

Loraine,  a  township  of  Henry  oo..  111.     Pop.  677. 

lioraine,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  106. 

Loramie^  lor'a-me,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  about 
6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dayton.     It  is  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Sidney  with  Union  City,  Ind.     Pop.  1707. 

Loramie's,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  Berlin. 

Loramie's  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Shelby  oo.,  and 
flows  into  the  Miami  River  about  3  miles  above  Piqua. 

LoVan',  a  post- township  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Rockford.     Pop.  1200. 

Iior'ance,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2872. 

Lorane,  lo-rain',  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  oo.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Lor'berry,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Lebanon  &  Tremont  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Lor- 
berry  Junction.     Coal  is  mined  in  the  vicinity. 

liOrberry  Junction,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Lebanon  <fc  Tremont  Branch  of  the  Reading  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad  to  Ealmia  and 
Williamstown.     It  is  i  mile  from  Cherryville. 

liOrca,  loB'kS,  (anc.  Eliocrocaf  or  Rorcit),  a  city  of 
Spain,  province  and  42  miles  S.W.  of  Murcia,  on  the  S. 
slope  of  Mount  Cano,  the  summit  of  which  is  crowned  by  a 
castle.  It  consists  of  two  parts, — an  ancient  town,  situated 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  castle,  with  mean  houses  and  narrow 
winding  streets,  and  a  modern  town,  consisting  of  houses 
which  have  a  substantial  appearance,  and  streets  which  are 
well  formed.  It  has  8  churches,  an  episcopal  palace,  a 
court-house,  and  a  hospital.  The  manufactures  consist 
chiefly  of  coarse  woollens,  linens,  leather,  hard  soap,  and 
earthenware ;  and  there  are  oil-mills,  dye-works,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  and  some  trade  in  grain,  barilla,  esparto,  cattle, 
and  mules.  In  the  vicinity  are  mines  of  lead.  Lorca  is  a 
very  ancient  place,  and  makes  a  considerable  figure  in  the 
wars  of  the  Moors.  Its  old  castle  once  caused  Lorca  to  be 
considered  the  key  of  Murcia ;  the  walls  of  the  town  and  a 
tower  are  Moorish,  and  it  has  some  Roman  antiquities. 
Pop.  48,158. 

Lorch,  loRK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wiesbaden,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1886. 

Lorch,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  Wiirtemberg,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Ellwangen.  Pop.  2283,  with  an  abbey  in 
which  most  of  the  Hohenstauffen  princes  are  buried. 

Lorchingen,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Lorquin. 

Lord  Anson's  Island,  Pacific.    See  Anson's  Island. 

Lorde,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lourdes. 

Lord  Hood's  Island,  or  Marutea,  m&-roo-t&'&, 
Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat.  21°  30'  S.,  Ion.  135°  33'  W. 

Lord  Howe's  Island,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  lat. 
16°  50'  S.,  Ion.  154°  21'  W.,  about  60  miles  long  and  4  miles 
broad.     It  was  discovered  by  Captain  Wallis  in  1767. 

Lord  Howe's  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  form  a  part 
of  the  Solomon  Islands. 

Lord  Howe's  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Pacific,  N.E.  of  Sydney.     Lat.  31°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  159°  10'  E. 

Lord  Howe's  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  159°  31'  E. 

Lords'town,  a  post-office  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Lords- 
town  township,  5  or  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warren,  and  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Youngstown.  The  township  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  858.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Lord's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Pa. 

Lord'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  153  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  tannery  and  2  saw-mills. 

Loreauville,  lo-ro'vil,  post-office,  Iberia  parish.  La. 

Lore  City,  or  Gom'ber,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey 
CO.,  0.,  in  Wills  township,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Cambridge. 

Lo'rena,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Lore'na,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Lorena,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  oo.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Waco. 

Lorena,  lo-ri'n8,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  130  miles 
N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Parahiba.    Pop.  of  district,  6000. 
Lo'rentz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Buckhannon. 

Lorenzana,  lo-rfin-thi'nS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lugo.     Pop.  337. 


Loren'zen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Rolling  Fork. 

Loren'zo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co..  111.,  on  two  rail- 
roads, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Joliet,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Coal  City.     It  has  general  stores. 

Lorenzo  Marquez.    See  Lourenzo  Marquez. 

Loreo,  lo-ri'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Rovigo,  26 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Venice,  on  the  Canal  of  Loreo.     Pop.  3874. 

Loreto,  lo-ri'to,  or  Loretto,  lo-rfit'to,  a  city  of  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Macerata,  and  about  3 
miles  from  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  8083.  It  owes  its  origin  to 
the  house  of  the  Virgin,  which,  according  to  the  tradition, 
was  brought  hither  from  Nazareth  by  the  angels.  Over  it 
a  magnificent  church  has  been  built,  while  around  it  has 
grown  up  the  town.  Its  suburb,  Montereale,  is  more  ele- 
gant than  the  city.  The  governor's  palace  and  the  publio 
fountains  are  worthy  of  notice,  but  the  holy  shrine  is  the 
chief  object  of  attraction  to  visitors,  and  the  trade  of  the 
place  is  exclusively  in  rosaries  and  relics. 

Loreto,  lo-r4'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo, 
3i  miles  S.E.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  5568. 

Loreto,  lo-r&'to,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Lower  California. 
Lat.  26°  12'  N.;  Ion.  112°  7'  W. 

Loreto,  lo-r&'to,  a  small  town  of  Bolivia,  50  miles  S.E. 
of  Trinidad. 

Loreto,  lo-ri'to,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  N.E.  bank  of 
the  Amazon,  near  the  confines  of  Ecuador  and  Brazil.  It 
has  a  church  and  20  houses. 

Loreto,  a  department  of  Peru,  in  the  Amazon  valley, 
and  containing  a  great  part  of  the  northeastern  forests  and 
plains.  Area,  132,727  square  miles.  Capital,  Moyobamba. 
Pop.  61,125. 

Lorette,  lo^R^t',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the  Giei, 
and  on  a  railway,  at  the  junction  of  several  branches,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Rive-de-Gier.  It  has  coal-mines,  iron-fur- 
naces, and  shops  for  metallic  wares.     Pop.  3751. 

Lorette,  lo-rSt',  a  post-office  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas. 

Lorette,  or  Saint  Ambroise  de  la  Jeune  Lo- 
rette, E&Nt  &u^bRw&z'  d^h  1&  zhun  lo^RSt',  a  post-village 
in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Charles,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  paper-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  the  Quebec  water-works.  The  Falls  of  Lo- 
rette are  an  object  of  much  admiration. 

Loret'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <k  Nashville  Railroad, 
57  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Louisville.  Pop.  42.  Here  is  the 
mother-house  of  the  nuns  of  Loretto,  and  a  Catholic  acad- 
emy for  young  ladies. 

Loretto,  a  station  in  Somerset  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Princess  Anne,  and  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield. 

Loretto,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  oo..  Pa.,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  contains  a  Catholic  chapel  and 
St.  Francis  College  (Catholic),  St.  Aloysius  Academy  for 
ladies,  a  Franciscan  monastery,  a  convent,  &o.    Pop.  280. 

Loretto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Lawrenceburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Loretto,  a  post- village  of  Essex  oo.,  Va.,  is  near  the 
Rappahannock  River,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Loret'to,  a  post- village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  90. 

Loretnm,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  RequeSa. 

Lorgis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lorqui. 

Lorgnes,  loRg,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Draguignan.     Pop-  3030. 

Lorient,  or  L'Orient,  loVe-&N"',  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  France,  department  of  Morbihan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Scorf,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  42  miles  W.  of  Vannes. 
Its  streets  are  regular,  wide,  well  paved,  but  dull  in  ap- 
pearance, lined  by  houses  of  good  construction  ;  its  publio 
squares  are  large  and  handsome.  The  harbor  is  capacious, 
safe,  and  commodious,  surrounded  by  magnificent  buildings, 
among  which  is  a  tower,  used  as  a  light-house  and  observa- 
tory, and  lined  by  handsome  quays.  In  the  roads,  whole 
fleets  can  ride  in  safety.  At  some  distance  below  the  har- 
bor, its  entrance  is  commanded  by  a  fort  built  on  the  Isle 
St.  Michael,  and  mounting,  it  is  said,  500  guns.  The 
dock-yard  and  arsenal  are  among  the  most  complete  and 
extensive  in  France.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  parish 
church,  and  the  Prefecture  Maritime,  situated  on  the  port 
at  the  entrance  to  the  dock-yard.  Almost  all  the  working- 
classes  are  employed  in  connection  with  the  dock-yard. 
Lorient  has  also  forges,  foundries,  and  manufactures  of 
steam-engines.  The  trade  and  commerce  have  declined. 
The  exports  are  chiefly  flour,  brandy,  wine,  woollens,  cot- 
tons, hardware,  iron,  lead,  Ac.  Lorient  possesses  courts  of 
first  resort  and  commerce,  a  chamber  of  commerce  and  ex- 


LOR 


1693 


LOS 


change,  a  school  of  hydrography  of  the  second  class,  and  a 
communal  college.  At  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century  it  was  a  mere  village,  but  all  at  once  it  rose  into 
importance.  In  1770  it  was  made  one  of  the  four  stations 
of  the  French  navy,  and  a  free  port.  The  revolution  of 
1789-92  almost  annihilated  its  commerce.  From  the  shock 
then  sustained  it  has  never  recovered.     Pop.  (1891)  36,671. 

L'OrJgnal,  lo^Roen^yil',  a  post-village  of  Ontario, 
capital  of  the  united  counties  of  Prescott  and  Russell,  on 
the  Ottawa  River,  66  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains, 
besides  the  county  buildings,  3  churches,  grist-  and  saw- 
mills, and  4  stores.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  800. 

Lo'ring)  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

LiOriol,  lo^re-ol'  (anc.  Aureolif),  a  town  of  France,  in 
^rame,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valence.     Pop.  2181. 

Lormes,  loKm,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ni^vre,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Clamecy.     Pop.  1960. 

Lormont,  loR'm6n»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  Garonne,  3  miles  N.N.B.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2722. 

Liorn,  a  mountainous  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
bounded  E.  by  Breadalbane  (co.  of  Perth),  and  W.  by  Loch 
Linnhe. 

Lorqui)  loB-kee'  (anc.  Lor'gia  f),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  10  miles  N.  of  Muroia.     Pop,  1020. 

Lorquin,  loR^kiN"',  or  Lorchingen,  loR'king-?n,  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saarburg. 

Lorrach,  1or'r3,k,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Wiesen,  28 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  6249. 

LiOrrainey  loBVin'  (Ger.  Lothringen,  lot'ring-^n  j  L. 
Lotharin'gia),  a  former  province  of  France,  comprising  up 
to  1871  the  departments  of  Vosges,  Meurthe,  Moselle,  and 
Mouse.  In  1871  a  large  part  of  it  was  ceded  to  Germany, 
and  now  forms  a  district  {Lothringen)  in  the  province  of 
Alsace-Lorraine.  Area  of  German  Lorraine,  2397  square 
miles.     Capital,  Metz.   P.  480,250.   See  Alsace-Lorraine. 

Lorraine,  lor-ran',  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Lorraine,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lor- 
raine township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1377. 

Liorris,  loB^Rees'  or  loR^Ree',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loiret,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Montargis.     Pop.  1438. 

Lorsch,  loRsh,  or  Laurisheim,  Iow'ris-hime\  a 
town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  16  miles  S.  of 
Darmstadt.     Pop.  of  commune,  3766. 

Lorsica,  loR'se-kS,,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  6  miles  from  Cicagna.     Pop.  1907. 

Lor'ton  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Lor'way  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Glasgow  <fc  Cape  Breton  Railway,  4 
miles  from  Sydney.  It  has  9  stores  and  large  coal-mines. 
Pop.  250. 

Los  Alamos,  loce  &'l&-moce,  a  post-office  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal. 

Los  Alamos,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co.,  N.  Mex. 

liOS  Alamos,  loce  i'li-moce  {i.e.,  "the  poplar-trees"), 
a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Cinaloa, 
in  a  district  celebrated  for  its  gold-  and  silver-mines.  It 
has  some  well-paved  streets,  and  the  houses  are  generally 
built  of  stone  or  brick.     It  has  a  mint.    Pop.  about  10,000. 

IjOs  Andes,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Andes. 

Los  Angeles,  loce  an'jSh-lSz  (Sp.  pron.  loce  ing'ni- 
Ids),  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  California,  has  an  area  of 
about  4000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  San  Gabriel  and  Santa 
Ana  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  moun- 
tains, called  Sierra  Madre  and  Santa  Susanna,  and  fertile 
valleys  and  plains.  In  the  N.W.  part  stands  Mount  Pinos, 
a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range,  about  7500  feet  high.  The  cli- 
mate is  dry,  mild,  equable,  and  very  salubrious.  The  soil 
and  climate  are  adapted  to  pastoral  pursuits,  and  to  the 
production  of  wine.  This  county  is  one  of  the  chief  orange 
districts  of  the  state.  Figs  and  lemons  also  flourish  here. 
Wool,  wine,  cattle,  maize,  honey,  and  barley  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  the  most  productive  silver-mines  in 
California  are  those  in  this  county.  Among  its  other  min- 
erals are  gold,  copper,  limestone,  marble,  and  asphaltum. 
It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Los  Angeles.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,309  j 
in  1880,  33,381;  in  1890,  101,454. 

Los  Angeles,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  is  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  14  miles  from 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  345  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of  San 
Francisco.  Lat.  34°  5'  N.  j  Ion.  118°  18'  W.  It  is  the 
most  populous  town  of  Southern  California,  and  is  noted 
for  the  amenity  of  its  climate,  the  beauty  of  its  gardens, 
and  the  excellence  of  its  fruits.     Oranges,  lemons,  and  figs 


flourish  in  the  open  air,  and  it  has  extensive  vineyards,  the 
product  of  which  is  converted  into  wine.  Oranges,  wine, 
and  wool  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Los  Angeles  has 
49  churches,  a  Jewish  synagogue,  9  banks,  with  a  capital  of 
$3,500,000,  and  Protestant  and  Catholic  hospitals.  Seven 
daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
city  has  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  is  the  seat  of  St. 
Vincent's  College  (Catholic),  of  Methodist,  Baptist,  and 
Presbyterian  universities,  and  of  three  female  seminaries,  a 
state  normal  school,  and  a  public  high  school.  The  Los 
Angeles  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  connects 
this  city  with  Northern  California  and  with  the  East,  and 
other  lines  extend  to  the  sea-ooast.  Pop.  in  1880,  11,183; 
in  1890,  50,395. 

Iios  Angeles,  loce  ftng^Hi-lis,  or  Los  Aiyeles,  a 
town  of  Chili,  province  of  Biobio,  88  miles  E.  of  Concepcion. 
It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  4570. 

Los  Angeles  River,  a  small  stream  of  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  California,  falls  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     The  town  of  Los  Angeles  is  on  its  left  bank. 

Losanna,  the  Italian  name  of  Lacsanne. 

Losant'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Losar,  lo-saR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  62 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2012. 

Losarcos,  loce-aR'koce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
35  miles  from  Pamplona.     Pop.  2018. 

Los  Banos,  loce  b&'noce,  a  post-office  of  Merced  co.,  Cal. 

Los  Buenos  Jardines*    See  Scarborough  Islands. 

Losch,  losh,  a  town  of  Moravia,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brunn.     Pop.  2340. 

Loschwitz,  losh'^its,  a  village  of  Saxony,  near  Dres- 
den, on  the  Elbe,  here  crossed  by  a  ferry.     Pop.  2920. 

Los  Colorados,  loce  kol-o-Hl'doce,  a  cluster  of  rocks 
and  islets  o£f  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  in  lat. 
22°  15'  N.,  Ion.  84°  40'  W. 

Losdzey,  losd'zi,  or  Lozdzey,  written  also  Lozd- 
ziey,  lozd'zy4,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  and 
26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Suwalki.     Pop.  1600. 

Los  Frayles,  Caribbean  Sea.    See  Fratles. 

Los  Gatos,  loce  g&'toce,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clam 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  Redwood  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  San  Jos6. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1652. 

Los  Hermanos,  Caribbean  Sea.    See  Hermanos. 

Losh  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 

Losh's  Run,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Losing,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Loos. 

Los,  Isles  de,  Africa.    See  Isles  de  Los. 

Los  Lanos,  loce  l&'noce,  a  town  of  the  Canary  Isles, 
S.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Palma. 

Loslau,  los'ldw  (Polish,  Vodcislawice,  vod-tse-sli- 
veet'si),  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  53  miles  S.S.E.  of  Op 
peln.     Pop.  2382. 

Los  Luceros,  loce  loo-sa'roce,  a  village  of  Rio  Arriba 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  25  miles  NJN.W. 
of  Santa  F6. 

Los  Lnnas,  loce  loo'n&s,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co.. 
New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Al- 
buquerque.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  500. 

Los  Nietos,  loce  ne-&'toce,  a  village  of  Los  Angeles  oo., 
Cal.,  near  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.B. 
of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1544. 

Los  Ojitos,  loce  o-see'toce,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico. 

Losoncz,  or  Losontz,  lo^shonts',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Neograd,  63  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  5178. 

Los  Pinos,  loce  pee'noce,  a  post-office  of  Gunnison  co.. 
Col.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Del  Norte.  Here  is  an  Indian 
Agency. 

Los  Reyes,  loce  ri'yis,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, state  of  Magdalena,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Santa  Marta. 

Los  Rios,  a  province  of  Ecuador.     See  Rios. 

Lossa,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Loos. 

Los  Santos,  loce  s&n'toce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  6886. 

Los  Santos,  Colombia,  South  America.     See  Sahtos. 

Losser,  los's^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyi- 
sel,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Almelo.     Pop.  of  commune,  5037. 

Los'sie,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Elgin,  issues  from 
a  small  loch  of  the  same  name,  and  flows  N.  and  N.E.  to 
Lossiemouth,  on  the  Moray  Firth.     Total  course,  26  miles. 

Los'siemouth,  a  small  seaport  of  Scotland,  on  the 
sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lossie,  co.  and  6  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Elgin.  Pop.  2620.  It  has  an  artificial  port  and  a 
fishery. 


LOS 


1694 


LOU 


Lossini,  los-see'nee,  or  Osero,  o-si'ro  (Ger.  Lu«sin, 
156s-seen' ;  anc.  Apaorus),  an  island  of  Austria,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Quarnero,  immediately  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Cherso,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  Length,  19  miles; 
breadth,  3  miles.  Near  its  S.  extremity  are  the  contiguous 
villages  of  LossiNi  Grande  (pop.  1969)  and  Lossini  Piccolo 
(pop.  5648),  having  a  good  harbor  and  ship-yards. 

Ijdssnitz,  loss'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  17  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  6332.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth  and  linens. 

Los^sur',  a  village  of  Thibet,  in  Ladakh.  Lat.  32°  8' 
N.;  Ion.  78°  5'  E.     Elevation,  13,400  feet. 

liOStange  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  See  Prince 
William  Henry. 

Los'tant,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  La  Salle,  and  46 
miles  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churohe|S,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  3  grain-elevators.     Pop.  about  250. 

liOst  Branch)  or  Olney,  ol'nee,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Charles.  It  has  a 
church. 

Lost  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  southeastward  in  Walker 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mulberry  Fork  of  Black  Warrior  River, 
about  7  miles  from  the  mouth  of  that  fork. 

Lost  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southward  through  Grant 
CO.  and  enters  the  Saline  River. 

Lost  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  westward  through  Orange  co. 
and  unites  with  Lick  Creek.  It  flows  for  a  few  miles  in  a  sub- 
terranean channel,  from  which  it  returns  to  the  surface. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Lost  Creek,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1914. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky. 

Lost  Creek,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1093.     It  contains  Dayton,  and  has  lead-mines. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Mo. 

Lost  Creek,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  1367. 
It  contains  Casstown. 

Lost  Creek  (formerly  Colorado),  a  post-village  of 
Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in  West  Mahanoy  township,  on  the  Le- 
high Valley  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  2^  miles  W.  of  Shenandoah.  It  has  a  church,  a 
coal-mine,  and  a  large  store. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis. 

Lost  Grove,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     P.  315. 

Lostine,  los-teen',  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ean- 
eas,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baxter  Springs. 

Lostine,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  in  Wallowa 
Valley. 

Lost  Island,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa,  40 
miles  W.  of  Algona.     Pop.  of  Lost  Island  township,  120. 

Lost  Mountain,  a  post- village  of  Cobb  oo.,  Ga.,  about 
8  miles  W.  of  Marietta. 

Lost  Na'tion,  a  post- village  and  station  of  Clinton  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Aokley  <fc  Dakota  Railroad,  42  miles 
E.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  church, 

4  stores,  &c.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lostorf,  los'tORf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Soleure.     Pop.  1100. 

Lost  Park  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  lat.  39° 
18'  15"  N.,  Ion.  105°  26'  15"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
11,800  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Lost  Riv'er,  a  small  stream  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  and  unites  with  Lick  Creek,  an  affluent  of  White 
River,  in  Martin  co.  It  flows  in  a  subterranean  channel 
for  several  miles,  and  returns  to  the  surface. 

Lost  River,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  899. 

Lost  River,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
45  miles  S.  of  Keyser. 

Lost  Run,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Lost  Trail,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  co.,  Col. 

LostAVithiel,  lost-wirn'^l,  or  Leswithiel,  a  decayed 
borough  and  parish  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the  Fowey, 

5  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bodmin.     About  1  mile  N.  are  the 
fine  ruins  of  Restormel.     Pop.  922. 

Lot,  lot  (anc.  Ol'tis),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Mt. 
Loz^re,  passes  Entraiguea,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  and 
joins  the  Garonne  near  Aiguillon.  Length,  266  miles. 
Affluents,  the  TruySre  and  Selle. 

Lot,  a  department  in  the  S.W.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Gasoony.  Area,  2004  square 
miles.  Surface  elevated  and  mountainous,  covered  on  the 
E.  by  part  of  Mont  Cantal.  Chief  rivers,  the  Lot  and  Dor- 
dogne.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  corn  is  raised  more  than 
Bufficient  for  home  consumption ;  wine  is  abundant.  The 
department  has  numerous  flax-mills,  iron-forges,  potteries, 


and  paper-mills.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissementa  of 
Cahors,  Figeac,  and  Gourdon.  Capital,  Cahors.  Pop.  in 
1891,  25.3,885. 

Lot,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Lot,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Lota,  or  Lota  Baja,  lo'ti  bi'Hi,  a  town  of  Chili,  on 
the  sea,  province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Coneepcion.  It  has  coal- 
mines, smelting-works,  and  kilns  for  fire-brick.     Pop.  4642. 

Lotbini^re,  15t^be^ne-aiR',  a  county  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  735 
square  miles.  The  River  du  Chfine  and  the  Beaurivago 
flow  through  it.     Capital,  LotbiniSre.     Pop.  20,606. 

Lotbini^re,  the  capital  of  Lotbinigre  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Quebec 
It  contains  2  foundries,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  convent,  a 
church,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  2129. 

Lot-et- Garonne,  lot-i-ga^ronn',  a  department  in  the 
S.W.  of  France,  forming  part  of  the  old  province  of  Gas- 
cogne.  Area,  2027  square  miles.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Garonne  and  its  affluents  the  Bayse  and  Lot.  Soil  very 
fertile  in  the  plains  on  the  river-banks,  but  sterile  in  the 
arid  districts  termed  "  Landes,"  and  in  the  marshes.  Grain 
is  raised  sufficient  for  home  consumption,  and  wine  is  ex- 
ported. The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissementa 
of  Agen,  Marmande,  N6rac,  and  Villeneuve-d'Agen.  Pop. 
in  1891,  295,360.     Capital,  Agen. 

Loteva,  a  town  of  France.    See  LodSve. 

Loth,  a  village  of  Belgium,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1000. 

Lothian,  lo'the-an,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  oo . 
Md.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lothians,  lo'THe-anz  (The),  a  division  of  Scotland, 
comprising  the  cos.  of  Haddington,  Edinburgh,  and  Linlith- 
gow, respectively  called  East,  Middle,  and  West  Lothian. 

Lothmansburg,  Hungary.    See  Locshand. 

Lothringen,  and  Lotharingia.     See  Lorraine. 

Lo'throp,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mxddle  River,  and  on  the  Indianola  &  Winterset  Branch 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Lot's  Creek,  of  Bullock  oo.,  Ga.,  enters  the  Cannouohee 
from  the  left,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  county. 

Lot's  Wife,  a  rock  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  29° 
50'  N. ;  Ion.  142°  23'  E.  It  rises  almost  perpendicularly 
to  the  height  of  nearly  300  feet. 

Lot'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  5  miles  N.  of 
Pomeroy.     It  has  a  church. 

Lotte,  lot't^h,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Miinster,  circle  of  Tecklenburg.     Pop.  1329. 

Lot'tery  Village,  Washington  oo.,  R.I.,  is  on  the 
Pawcatuck  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Westerly.     Pop.  101. 

Lottin,  South  Pacific.    See  Rockt  Island. 

Lottridge,  Idt'rij,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marietta. 

Lotts'burg,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Va., 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac. 

Lott's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa, 
on  a  oreek  near  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.     Pop.  291. 

L  ott '  s  C  re  ek,  a  township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa.    P.  186. 

Lott's  Creek,  a  township  ofRinggold  CO.,  Iowa.  P.  652. 

Lotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  in  Free- 
hold township,  11  miles  E.  of  Corry.     It  has  a  church. 

Lo'tus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  (or  Junction)  Railroad, 
15i  miles  E.  of  Connersville.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Lotus,  a  post-village  in  Durham  oo.,  Ontario,  on  Pigeon 
Creek,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bethany.  It  contains  a  church, 
hotel,  saw-mill,  grist-mill,  and  woollen-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Lot'ville,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y. 

Lotzen,  lots'§n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  42  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Gumbinnen,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  4059. 

Lou- An,  or  Lou-Ngan,  China.    See  Looan. 

Louang  Prabang,  loo-&ng'  pr&'b&ng,  a  city  of  East- 
ern Asia,  capital  of  the  Western  Laos  States,  in  lat.  17°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  103°  25'  E.,  on  the  Me-Kong  River.     Pop.  8000. 

Louargat,  loo^aR^gi',  a  village  of  France,  in  C8te8-d»' 
Nord,  26  miles  W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  579. 

Louban,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Looban 

Loubar,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Loobar. 

Loubny,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Loobnt. 

Loubou,  a  state  of  Celebes.     See  Loehoe. 

Loubressac,  loo^brSs^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Los 
21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Figeac.     Pop.  1279. 

Louccos,  or  Kose,  a  river  of  Morocco.     See  El-Kos. 

Loud^ac,  looM&^&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  15  miles  S.  of  Saint-Brieuo.  It  has  important  lineu- 
manufaotures.     Pop.  2091. 


LOU 


1695 


LOD 


Louden,  a  township  of  Carroll  oo.,  0.     Pop.  831. 

Loudenville,  ISw'd^n-vIl,  post-office,  Albany  oo.,  N.Y. 

Loudenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  B.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

LoudoU)  Idw'dpn,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  236  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Holston 
River,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Clinch  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Little  Tennessee.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The 
soil  is  generally  very  fertile.  Nearly  70  per  cent,  of  it  is 
woodland.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Marietta  &  North 
Georgia  Railroad,  the  former  connecting  with  Loudon,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  9148 ;  in  1890,  9273. 

LiondoU)  Cedar  oo.,  Iowa.     See  Lowden. 

liOudon,  a  post- village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Loudon  township,  on  the  Suncook  River,  7  or  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  several 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  manufactory  of  carriages,  a  black- 
smith-shop, and  general  stores.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
about  1000. 

Loudon,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  3133.  It 
contains  Fostoria. 

London,  a  post-village  in  Peters  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  Conocooheague  Creek,  at 
the  base  of  Parnell's  Knob,  and  on  the  Southern  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  3  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

London,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn., 
is  on  the  Tennessee  (or  Holston)  River  and  the  East  Ten- 
nessee, Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Knoxville,  and  84  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  is  an 
important  shipping-point,  and  steamboats  ply  between  this 

Elace  and  Chattanooga.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
igh  school,  5  churches,  «fco.     Pop.  in  1890,  942. 

Loudon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Loudon  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Concord. 

Loudon  City,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  oo.,  111.,  in 
Loudon  township,  about  54  miles  S.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a 
<jhurch.     Pop.  about  100. 

Loudon  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H., 
is  mostly  in  Loudon  township  and  partly  in  Gilmanton,  and 
is  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, manufactures  of  carriages,  leather,  and  brooms,  and 
nearly  100  houses. 

Loudonville,  lSw'd9n-vn,  a  post-village  in  Hanover 
township,  Ashland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Black  Fork  of  the  Mo- 
bican  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Wooster.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  6  churches,  a  tannery,  a  large  flouring-mill,  2  car- 
riage-shops, and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1444. 

Loudoun,  ISw'dQn,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr, 
4  miles  E.S.B.  of  Kilmarnock.  Here  are  remains  of  an- 
tiquities, besides  the  magnificent  castle  of  the  Marquis  of 
Hastings.  On  Loudoun  Hill  a  battle  was  fought  between 
Bruce  and  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  in  1307.  Here  are  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  5525. 

Loudoun,  or  Loudon,  ISw'd^n,  a  county  in  the  N. 
part  of  Virginia,  borders  on  Maryland.  Area,  about  620 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Potomac 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Goose  Creek.  The  Blue 
Ridge  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county,  the 
surface  of  which  is  finely  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  In  one  year  it  produced  319,287 
bushels  of  Indian  corn,  more  than  any  other  county  in  the 
state,  and  in  its  product  of  wheat  has  been  surpassed  by 
only  two  of  its  sister  counties.  Gx-anite  and  good  limestone 
are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rich- 
mond &  Danville  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Leesburg, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,929;  in  1880,  23,634;  in 
1890,  23,274. 

Loudoun,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  at  Guil- 
ford Station  on  the  Washington  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

LoudsTille,  ISwdz'vil,  a  post- village  of  White  co.,  Ga., 
about  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Loudun,  looMfiifo'  (L.  Juliodu'num),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Vienne,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poitiers.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  and  manufactures  of  wine  and  lace.  It  was 
once  the  capital  of  a  district  called  the  Loudunois.     P.  3986. 

Loudville,  Idwd'vil,  a  post- village  of  Hampshire  oo., 
Mass.,  6i  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Northampton.  It  has  3  paper- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 


Lou6,  loo^4',  or  Lonve,  loov,  a  river  of  France,  which, 
after  a  course  of  70  miles,  joins  the  Doubs  a  little  below 
Dale. 

Lou^,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  16  miles  W. 
of  Le  Mans,  on  the  Vdgre.  It  has  manufjeustnres  of  linen 
and  paper.     Pop.  2006. 

Louella,  loo-el'l^  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Radnor  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  i  mile 
from  Wayne  Station,  and  13i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  has  3  churches. 

Louella,  a  post-office  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn. 

Louesche,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Leuk. 

Louga,  or  Luga,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Loooa. 

Louganskaia  Stanitza,  Russia.    See  Looga.<(8kaia. 

Louganskoe,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Loooanskok. 

Lougen,  or  Lougan,  ISw'gan,  a  river  of  Norway, 
stift  of  Aggershuus,  rises  by  many  heads  in  the  Langfield 
and  Sognefield  Mountains,  flows  S.E.,  traversing  Lake 
Miosen,  and,  under  the  name  of  Vermen,  joins  the  Glom- 
men  28  miles  N.E.  of  Christiania.     Course,  200  miles. 

Lough,  16h  ("lake").  For  all  articles  with  the  prefix 
LoTiGH,  not  below,  see  additional  name. 

Lough  Allen,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  9 
miles  N.  of  Carrick.     It  is  the  source  of  the  Shannon. 

Lough  Beg,  a  small  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim, 
separated  from  Lough  Neagh  by  a  neck  of  land. 

Loughborough,  luff'bur-rQh,  a  market-town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Leicester,  with  a 
station  on  the  Midland  Railway.  It  is  paved,  and  lighted 
with  gas ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  brick,  and  the  town  haa 
a  respectable  and  thriving  appearance.  It  has  elegant 
churches,  a  free  grammar-school,  and  several  other  schools. 
The  principal  manufacture  of  the  town  consists  of  hosiery 
and  bobbinet.  In  the  neighborhood  are  a  bell-foundry, 
locomotive-works,  dye-works,  malt-kilns,  slate-quarries, 
corn-mills,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  (1891)  18,T.tfi 

Loughborough,  luffbilr-ruh,  a  post-office  of  St.  Fran- 
cois CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  83  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Loughborough,  lo'biir-riih,  or  Syd'enham,  a  post- 
village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  outlet  of  Slout's  Lake, 

17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kingston.     It  contains  about  15  stores, 
4  hotels,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  450. 

Lough  (iSh)  Brick'land,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newry.     Pop.  388. 

Lough  Carra,  I&h  k&r'ra,  a  small  lake  of  Ireland,  cc. 
of  Kerry,  3^  miles  S.  of  Castlemaine  Harbor. 

Lough  Conn,  IAh  konn,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Mayo,  between  Castlebar  and  Ballina,  about  10  miles  in 
length  and  2  or  3  miles  in  breadth.  Its  lower  extremity  i» 
called  Lough  CuUen. 

Lough  Corrib,  IAh  kor'rib,  a  large  lake  of  Ireland,  in 
Connaught,  co.  and  3  miles  N.  of  Galway.  Length,  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  20  miles ;  the  breadth  varies  from  1  mile  to 
6  miles.  It  receives  the  Clare  and  other  rivers,  with  the 
surplus  water  of  Loughs  Mask  and  Carra,  and  discharges 
its  own  surplus  by  the  Galway  River  into  Galway  Bay. 
On  its  banks  are  the  towns  of  Cong  and  Oughterard. 

Lough  Cullen,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Conn. 

Lough  Derg,  15h  dina,  Ireland,  the  longest  and  most 
picturesque  of  the  expansions  of  the  Shannon,  separate* 
Munster  from  Connaught.  Length,  24  miles ;  the  breadth 
varies  from  2  to  6  miles. 

Lough  Derg,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  at  the  8.B.  extremity 
of  the  CO.  of  Donegal,  about  9  miles  in  oiroumference,  and 
containing  the  famous  islet  called  St.  Patrick's  Purgatory, 
which  is  visited  annually  by  18,000  devotees. 

Lough  Erne,  Ireland.    See  Erne. 

Lough  Foyle,  16h  foil,  of  Ireland,  is  a  large  arm  of 
the  sea,  forming  the  estuary  of  the  river  Foyle.     Length, 

18  miles;  breadth,  9  miles. 

Lough'gall,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and  5 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Armagh.     Pop.  394. 

Lough  Gara,  I&h  gah'r%,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught, 13  miles  W.  of  Carrick.  It  receives  the  Lung 
River  on  the  S.W.     Its  outlet  is  the  river  Boyle. 

Lough  Gur,  16h  gfir,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Limerick.  It  is  about  4  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  contains  on  its  shores  some  of  the  most  striking 
Druidioal  remains  in  the  kingdom. 

Lough  Iron,  Ifta  I'^rn,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster, 
CO.  of  Westmcnth,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Mullingar. 

Lough  Mask,  I6h  mask,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  oos.  of  Gal- 
way and  Mayo,  11  miles  S.  of  Castlebar,  about  8  milea  long. 

Lough  Neagh,  Iftn  n&,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  on  the  S.W. 
border  of  the  oo.  of  Antrim.  Length,  17  miles ;  breadth,  10 
miles.    It  receives  the  Upper  Bann  and  Blackwater  fron. 


U)U 


1696 


LOD 


the  S.,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  on  the  N.  by  the 
Lower  Bann  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

liOaghor,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Castbl-Lltchwh. 

Loagh  Oughter,  16h  fin't^r,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in 
Ulster,  CO.  of  Cavan.  Length,  5  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 
It  is  formed  by  an  expansion  of  the  Erne. 

liOUghrea,  16hV4',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway, 
beautifully  situated  on  an  acclivity  on  a  small  lake  of  the 
same  name,  21i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Galway.  It  has  a  parish 
church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  Carmelite  monastery, 
with  a  neat  chapel,  a  nunnery,  a  court-house,  workhouse, 
police  barrack,  hospital,  and  several  schools.  It  also  pos- 
sesses an  extensive  brewery,  tanneries,  and  corn-mills. 
Loughrea  was  once  fortified,  and  contains  the  remains  of 
an  old  castle  and  monastery.     Pop.  3072. 

liOngh  Shee'lin,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  partly  in  Leinster, 
COS.  of  Meath  and  Westmeath,  but  chiefly  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Cavan,  5  miles  E.  of  Granard.  Length,  from  E.  to  W., 
about  5  miles ;  breadth,  2^  miles. 

liOugh  Strang'ford  is  a  large  lake  or  inlet  of  the 
sea,  between  Belfast  Lough  and  Dundrum  Bay,  15  miles  in 
length.     It  is  shallow,  and  encumbered  with  islets. 

£ougounor)  Caroline  Islands.     See  Loogoonor. 

liOuhans,  1oo^6n»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et- 
Loire,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  35  miles  N.E.  of 
Macon.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
(inen,  leather,  flour,  and  pottery.     Pop.  3498. 

Louhou,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Loehoe. 

JLouina^  loo-i'na,  a  post- village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Louisa,  loo-ee'za,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa, 
hns  an  area  of  about' 300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  River.  The  Cedar  River  enters  the  Iowa  River  in 
this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  deposits  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Iowa  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  of  which  the  first-named  communicates  with 
Wapello,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,877 ; 
in  1880,  13,142;  in  1890,  11,873. 

Louisa^  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  North  Anna  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  Anna  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  A  mine  of  copper  has 
been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ches- 
apeake &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Louisa,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,332 ;  in  1880, 18,942 ; 
in  1890,  16,997. 

liOuisa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  E.  boundary  of  the  state,  is  on  the  Big  Sandy  River, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Tug  Fork  and  the  West  Fork.  It 
is  30  miles  S.  of  Ironton,  0.,  and  125  miles  E.  of  Lexington. 
It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  2  hotels. 
Steamboats  run  from  this  place  to  the  Ohio.     Pop.  834. 

liOuisa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  is  on 
the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  62  miles  N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  chemical- 
works,  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

liOoisa  Fork,  Kentucky.    See  Sandy  River. 

Louisburg,  loo'is-burg,  a  fishing  village  and  suburb 
of  the  town  of  Wick,  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness.    Pop.  1048. 

IjOuisburg)  Wiirtemberg.    See  Ludwissburg. 

liouisburg,  loo'is-burg,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co., 
Kansas,  in  Wea  township,  on  the  Osage  division  of  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paola, 
and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Iiouisburg,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1441.     It  contains  Elk  City. 

liOnisburg,  a  post- village  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.,  35  miles 
W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  chiyjches  and  an  academy. 

Lonisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
N.C.,  in  Louisburg  township,  on  the  Tar  River,  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  4  churches,  a  female  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  male  academy,  a  coach-factory,  and  a 
flour-mill.    Pop.  750 ;  of  the  township,  2542. 

Louisburg,  loo'is-burg,  a  seaport  of  Cape  Breton,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the  island,  30  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Sydney.     The  French  erected  a  fortress  here  at  an  ex- 

[»ense  of  30,000,000  livres,  and  while  Louisburg  remained 
n  their  occupancy  it  exported  500,000  quintals  of  cod 
annually,  and  600  vessels  were  employed  in  its  trade  and 


fisheries.  After  it  was  taken  by  the  British,  in  1763,  the 
British  government  demolished  the  fortifications;  since 
then  the  harbor  has  been  deserted  and  the  town  is  almost 
in  ruins  ;  but  the  place  has  become  a  railway  terminus  an(? 
a  port  of  call  for  steamers.  A  number  of  fishermen  only 
reside  here.  A  light-house  has  been  erected  on  the  E.  head. 
Louisburg  has  a  fine  harbor,  open  the  year  round. 

Louis'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.. 
Wis.,  5  miles  from  Kiel. 

Louise,  loo-eez',  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Louisiade  (loo-ee-ze-&d')  Archipelago,  an  exten- 
sive group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  comprised  be- 
tween the  parallels  of  10°  40'  and  11°  40'  S.  lat.  and  the 
meridians  of  151°  and  154°  30'  E.  Ion.  About  100  are  al- 
ready known.  They  appear  to  be  nearly  all  inhabited, 
although  some  of  them  but  thinly.  The  principal  islands 
are  Rossel,  South-East  Island,  Piron,  Joannet,  Pig,  St. 
Aignan,  &o.  Mount  Rattlesnake  or  South-East  Island  is 
2689  feet  high,  and  the  mountains  in  the  W.  portion  of  St. 
Aignan  attain  an  elevation  of  3279  feet. 

Louisiana,  loo-ee-ze-ah'na  (named  in  honor  of  Louis 
XIV.  of  France),  one  of  the  Gulf  States  of  the  American 
Union,  is  bounded  N.  by  Arkansas  and  Mississippi,  E.  by 
Mississippi  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  S.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  W.  by  Texas.  On  the  N.  it  is  limited  partly 
by  the  Slst  and  partly  by  the  33d  degree  of  N.  lat.  The 
rivers  Mississippi  and  Pearl  wash  its  eastern  borders,  and 
on  the  W.  it  has  the  94th  degree  of  W.  Ion.  for  its  limit 
from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  southward  to  the  river 
Sabine,  which  stream  is  thenceforth  its  western  boundary 
to  the  gulf.  Area,  48,720  square  miles,  of  which  45,420 
square  miles  are  land,  and  3300  square  miles  water  sur- 
face. 

Face  of  the  Country. — It  is  stated  that  no  part  of  Louisi- 
ana has  any  point  elevated  more  than  240  feet  above  sea- 
level.  In  the  central  and  northern  sections  of  the  state 
there  are  extensive  tracts  of  undulating  or  even  hilly  ground. 
Farther  southward  the  country  is  more  level,  with  extensive 
forests  and  swamps.  In  the  S.W.  there  are  wide  grassy 
prairies ;  and  near  the  coast  and  the  streams  these  plains  in 
some  cases  assume  the  remarkable  character  of  prairtea 
tremhlantea,  or  "  trembling  prairies,"  which  quake  oeneath 
the  traveller's  feet  and  are  believed  to  float  upon  the  sur- 
face of  subterranean  waters  or  upon  gulfs  of  thin  mud. 
The  great  delta  of  the  Mississippi  is  largely  made  up  of 
swamp-lands,  slightly  elevated  above  the  sea-level,  and  sub- 
ject to  occasional  overflow;  and  even  the  habitable  and 
cultivable  lands  would  be  to  a  great  extent  overwhelmed  by 
the  freshets  of  the  Mississippi  were  it  not  that  a  system  of 
dikes  or  levies  ha«  been  constructed  at  a  great  expense  for 
the  restraint  of  the  river  within  its  banks ;  but  these  lev€e» 
are  liable  to  burst  at  high  water,  and  then  destructive  floods 

¥our  through  the  crivaate  and  sometimes  deluge  large  areas, 
he  marshy  portions  of  the  state  are  often  traversed  by 
brulia,  or  elevated  dry  ridges,  which  are  very  generally  in- 
habited. Most  of  those  bayous  which  formerly  flowed  out 
from  the  Mississippi  and  made  the  southern  part  of  the 
state  a  true  delta  have  been  cut  oflF  from  their  connection 
with  the  parent  stream  by  the  levies.  The  Great  Pine  Belt 
enters  the  state  from  Southern  Mississippi,  and,  with  some 
interruptions,  extends  westward  a-cross  Louisiana,  termi- 
nating in  Eastern  Texas.  On  the  W.  and  N.W.  of  the  allu- 
vial valley  of  the  Mississippi  extends  a  low  but  precipitous 
range  of  sandstone  hills. 

Geology. — More  than  half  of  the  state  is  of  post-tertiary 
or  recent  origin,  the  proper  delta  of  the  Mississippi  covering 
an  ever-enlarging  area  of  more  than  15,000  square  mile* 
and  having  an  average  depth  of  some  1000  feet.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  state  is  mainly  tertiary,  but  at  a  few  points 
the  underlying  cretaceous  is  laid  bare  in  small  areas.  There 
are  also  local  evidences  of  former  volcanic  action,  which  is 
shown  by  the  discovery  of  lava  and  metamorphic  stones, 
Ac.  A  large  bed  of  tolerably  pure  sulphur  exists  in  the 
S.W.  The  great  deposit  of  rock  salt  at  Petit  Anse  is  very 
interesting,  and  has  an  important  economic  value.  Iron 
ores,  ochre,  and  lignite  are  reported  to  exist  abundantly,  as 
well  as  gypsum  and  excellent  fertilizing  marls. 

Rivers,  dec. — The  state  has  a  copious  water-supply,  and 
the  number  of  rivers,  creeks,  bayous,  lakes,  and  sloughs  is 
very  large.  Steam  navigation  is  practicable  not  only  upon 
the  Mississippi  and  Red  Rivers,  but  also  upon  the  Atchafa- 
laya,  Ouachita,  T^che,  Sabine,  and  several  smaller  rivers 
and  bayous.  The  lakes  Pontchartrain  and  Borgne  afi"ord 
steamboat  communication  with  Mobile  via  the  landlocked 
Mississippi  Sound.  The  internal  water  communication  ex- 
tends some  2500  miles.  There  are  required  in  this  state  for 
the  Mississippi  alone  no  less  than  780  miles  of  levies,  whilr 


LOU 


1697 


LOU 


according  to  high  authorities  the  interior  streams  and  bayous 
require  925  miles,  only  a  small  part  being  yet  completed. 

Vegetable  and  Animal  Life. — The  forests  are  rich  not 
only  in  value  and  extent,  but  also  in  the  number  of  species 
of  native  trees.  Pines  and  oaks  of  several  kinds,  cypress, 
black  and  sweet  gum,  several  magnolias,  hickory,  chicot, 
bois  d'arc,  Cottonwood,  honey-,  yellow,  and  black  locust, 
several  elms,  ash,  planer,  and  numbers  of  other  useful  tim- 
'ber  trees  abound  in  almost  all  sections  of  the  state.  The 
*  abundant  native  cane  is  utilized  as  a  material  for  paper- 
making,  and  the  Tillandaia  or  "  Spanish  moss"  which  drapes 
the  forest  trees  aflPords  a  substitute  for  the  horsehair  em- 

Eloyed  by  upholsterers.  In  the  forests  are  still  found  the 
lack  bear,  panther,  lynx,  raccoon,  opossum,  deer,  and  other 
game  animals.  Many  species  of  birds  make  this  state  their 
winter  home.  In  the  swamps  abound  venomous  and  other 
serpents,  and  large  alligators  are  found,  especially  south- 
ward. Among  the  food-producing  animals  we  may  reckon 
numerous  marine  and  fresh-water  fishes,  besides  the  abun- 
dant crustaceans  and  mollusks  of  the  coast  regions.  The 
crawfish,  a  fresh-water  crustacean,  as  well  as  the  muskrat, 
sometimes  proves  a  dangerous  enemy  of  the  planter,  since 
it  digs  long  burrows  in  the  levies  and  thus  prepares  the 
way  for  destructive  crivaaaea. 

Agricultural  Mesources. — The  exhaustless  fertility  of  the 
soil  of  a  very  large  portion  of  this  state  must  always  render 
it  attractive  to  the  agriculturist.  This  is  the  only  state 
where  the  culture  of  the  true  sugar-cane  has  proved  remu- 
nerative upon  a  large  scale.  This  industry  is  still  profitably 
conducted,  although  the  climate  is  such  that  the  seed  of  the 
plant  never  ripens  here,  as  it  does  in  Florida.  Rice-culture 
has  been  considerably  extended  of  late,  and  it  is  believed 
that  nowhere  can  rice  be  produced  of  better  quality  or  sold 
with  more  profit  to  the  producer.  At  present  the  culture 
of  cotton  and  Indian  corn  is  a  leading  industrial  pursuit. 
Cattle-breeding  is  another  important  interest,  and  the  state 
affords  ample  pasturage  upon  its  broad  savannas ;  but  the 
breed  of  stock  is  generally  inferior.  Market-gajdening  and 
floriculture  are  profitable  occupations  near  New  Orleans. 

Manufactures  are  not  as  yet  largely  developed.  Lumber 
and  forest  products  (including  naval  stores,  such  as  oil  of 
turpentine,  rosin,  and  tar)  are  obtained  in  the  pine  woods. 
Cotton-seed  oil,  oil-cake,  and  the  oils  of  the  pindar,  gouber 
or  ground-nut,  and  castor-bean,  are  valuable  materials, 
whose  production  might  be  indefinitely  increased.  Consid- 
erable quantities  of  rum  and  whisky  are  made,  but  chiefly 
as  an  accessory  or  by-product  of  the  sugar-  and  molasses- 
manufacture,  which  is  at  present  the  principal  manufac- 
turing interest  of  the  state.  There  are  other  minor  manu- 
factures, carried  on  chiefly  at  New  Orleans. 

Commerce. — The  war  of  1861-65,  the  great  extension  of 
the  railroad  system  of  the  United  States,  and  the  shoaling- 
up  of  the  mouths  of  the  Mississippi,  dealt  heavy  blows  to 
the  once  extensive  commercial  industry  of  the  state.  The 
Mississippi  River,  the  great  natural  commercial  highway 
for  the  central  states  of  the  United  States,  once  brought 
down  great  amounts  of  grain,  flour,  tobacco,  cotton,  sugar, 
spirits,  coal,  timber,  hemp,  lead,  pork,  cattle,  hides,  wool, 
and  other  raw  materials,  which  are  now  very  generally  sent 
by  rail  to  the  Atlantic  ports.  But  the  recent  construction 
of  jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  has  already  deep- 
ened the  entrance  to  the  river,  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
restoration  of  political  quiet  and  the  settlement  of  the  new 
industrial  problems  which  are  now  engaging  the  attention 
of  the  Southern  people  will  in  a  great  measure  restore  the 
commercial  prosperity  of  New  Orleans  and  of  the  state. 

Railroads  have  not  been  constructed  in  Louisiana  on  a 
scale  of  such  magnitude  as  in  most  of  the  other  states,  be- 
cause her  rivers  have  all  along  furnished  ready  and  cheap 
communication.  In  1846  there  were  40  miles  of  railroad ; 
in  1850,  80  miles ;  in  1855,  203  miles ;  in  1860,  336  miles  ; 
in  1870,  479  miles;  in  1890,  1750  miles,  built  at  a  cost  for 
works  of  about  $48,500  per  average  road-mile. 

Pariahea. — Louisiana  is  divided  into  59  parishes,  corre- 
sponding to  the  counties  of  the  other  states,  viz.,  Acadia, 
Ascension,  Assumption,  Avoyelles,  Bienville,  Bossier,  Caddo, 
Calcasieu,  Caldwell,  Cameron,  Catahoula,  Claiborne,  Con- 
cordia, De  Soto,  East  Baton  Rouge,  East  Carroll,  East  Fe- 
liciana, Franklin,  Grant,  Iberia,  Iberville,  Jackson,  Jeff"er- 
son,  Lafayette,  La  Fourche,  Lincoln,  Livingston,  Madison, 
Morehouse,  Natchitoches,  Orleans,  Ouachita,  Plaquemines, 
Point  Coup6e,  Rapides,  Red  River,  Richland,  Sabine,  St. 
Bernard,  St.  Charles,  St.  Helena,  St.  James,  St.  John  Bap- 
tist, St.  Landry,  St.  Martin's,  St.  Mary's,  St.  Tammany, 
Tangipahoa,  Tensas,  Terre  Bonne,  Union,  Vermilion,  Ver- 
non, Washington,  Webster,  West  Baton  Rouge,  West  Car- 
roll, West  Feliciana.  Winn. 


Towns  and  Cities. — Of  these  the  principal  are  New  Or- 
leans, the  metropolis  of  the  Western  Gulf  States  (pop.  in 
1880,  including  Algiers,  Jefi°erson,  Ac,  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Mississippi  River,  216,090  ;  in  1890,  242,0.39) ;  Shreve- 
port,  the  commercial  centre  of  Northwestern  Ivouisiana 
(pop.  in  1890,  11,979) ;  Baton  Rouge,  the  state  capital  (pop. 
10,478).  Other  places  of  not©  are  New  Iberia  (pop.  3447), 
Lake  Charles  (pop.  3442),  Gretna  (pop.  3332),  Monroe 
(pop.  3256),  Plaquemines  (pop.  3222),  Donaldsonville  (pop. 
3121),  Alexandria  (pop.  2861),  Morgan  City  (pop.  2291), 
McDonoughville  (pop.  2235),  Franklin  (pop.  2127),  La- 
fayette (pop.  2106),  Thibodeaux  (pop.  2078),  Ac.  The  old 
plantation  system  tended  to  disperse  the  population  widely, 
and  was  not  favorable  to  the  development  of  large  towns. 

Education  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  state  board  and 
a  state  superintendent,  with  local  and  district  school  boards, 
which  are  corporate  bodies.  Normal-school  instruction  is 
provided  at  the  state  normal  school  at  Natchitoches,  at  the 
New  Orleans  normal  school,  and  in  some  of  the  colleges  and 
private  schools.  Public  high  schools  are  sustained  in  the 
larger  towns.  New  Orleans  is  the  seat  of  five  institutions 
known  as  universities,  among  which  are  the  Tulane  Uni- 
versity, and  the  Southern  University  for  colored  students. 
The  state  university  and  agricultural  and  mechanical  col- 
lege is  at  Baton  Rouge.  There  are  in  the  state  11  colleges 
of  the  liberal  arts,  with  a  number  of  professional  schools, 
and  three  colleges  for  women.  Until  quite  recently  the 
appropriations  have  been  inadequate  to  support  the  public 
schools  eflBciently,  but  interest  in  free  education  is  in- 
creasing and  the  school  system  is  becoming  more  effective. 

Constitution,  &c. — The  jurisprudence  of  Louisiana  differs 
from  that  of  most  of  the  states,  in  being  based  upon  the 
Roman  or  civil  law,  instead  of  the  common  law  of  England. 

History. — Visited  by  La  Salle  in  1691  and  unsuccessfully 
colonized  in  1699  by  Iberville,  Louisiana  was  granted  in 
1712  to  one  Crozat,  and  in  1717  was  purchased  by  the 
Mississippi  Company,  of  which  John  Law  was  president. 
In  1717  New  Orleans  was  founded.  Louisiana  next  be- 
came a  crown  possession  of  Franco;  was  transferred  to 
Spain  in  1762 ;  was  retroceded  to  France  in  1800,  and  in 
1803  the  whole  province  of  Louisiana  was  purchased  by 
President  Jefferson  for  the  United  States  for  the  sum  of 
$11,250,000,  This  purchase  included  all  the  present  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States  W.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  ex- 
clusive of  Texas  and  the  areas  acquired  from  Mexico  since 
1847,  but  did  not  include  that  part  of  the  present  state  of 
Louisiana  which  has  the  Pearl  River  on  the  E.,  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  on  the  W.,  and  the  rivers  Iberville  and  Amite 
and  Lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain  on  the  S. ;  for  this 
tract  was  a  portion  of  the  Spanish  province  of  West  Florida, 
and,  although  it  was  ceded  by  act  of  Congress  in  1812  to 
Louisiana,  it  was  never  definitely  United  States  territory 
until  after  the  Florida  purchase  of  1819.  In  1804  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Orleans  was  constituted,  with  nearly  the  present 
limits  of  the  state,  and  in  1812  the  state  was  admitted  to 
the  Union.  In  1815  the  invading  British  army  was  totally 
defeated  at  Chalmette  by  the  troops  of  General  Jackson.  A 
prominent  event  in  the  history  of  Louisiana  was  the  revision 
of  the  criminal  code  of  the  state  by  Edward  Livingston  and 
others  (1821).  The  state  was  exceedingly  prosperous  under 
the  slave-system,  and  attained  great  wealth ;  it  seceded  in 
1861  by  ordinance  of  a  state  convention,  and  was  the  scene 
of  active  and  important  operations  during  the  war  of 
1861-65.  Since  the  war  the  material  progress  of  Louisiana 
has  been  much  impeded  by  party  strife  and  by  acts  of  vio- 
lence and  misrule. 

Population. — Colonized  chiefly  by  the  French,  and  in  later 
times  by  the  Spanish,  there  still  remain  thousands  of  de- 
scendants of  the  original  colonists,  and  the  French  lan- 
guage is  habitually  spoken  by  many  of  the  people.  The 
inhabitants  of  French  descent,  called  Creoles  (which  term 
in  this  state  does  not  imply  any  admixture  of  African  or 
Indian  blood),  still  constitute  a  large  and  respectable  class 
of  the  people  of  Louisiana.  Pop.  in  1810,  76,556 ;  in  1820, 
153,407;  in  1830,  215,739;  in  1840,  352,411;  in  1850, 
517,762;  in  1860,  708,002, 'hioluding  326,726  slaves  and 
18,527  free  colored  people;  in  1870,  726,916;  in  1880, 
939,946;  in  1890,  1,118,587. 

Louisiana^  a  city  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  about  27  miles  below  Hannibal,  and  114  miles 
above  St.  Louis.  By  railroad  it  is  101  miles  N.E.  of  Jef- 
ferson City,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  here  cross 
the  river  on  a  magnificent  new  iron  bridge,  and  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Louisiana  A  Missourr 
River  Railroad.    It  contains  11  churches,  2  banks,  a  higk 


LOD 


1698 


LOU 


Mhool,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  a  Baptist  college,  3  steam  flour- 
Ing-mills,  4  tobacco-factories,  several  machine-shops,  4  plan- 
ing-mills,  lumber-mills,  gas-works,  and  2  store-foundries. 
Large  quantities  of  tobacco,  wheat,  pork,  Ac,  are  shipped 
here.  This  town  is  the  seat  of  Pardee  College.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3639;  in  1880,  4325,-  in  1890,  5090. 

Louis-Philippe  (loo^ee'-fiPeep')  Land,  the  N.  por- 
tion of  a  tract  of  land  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  off  South 
Shetland,  about  lat.  63°  30'  S.,  Ion.  57°  W.  It  is  crowned 
with  immense  peaks  covered  by  continual  snows. 

Louisville,  loo'e-vll  or  loo'is-vil,  a  post-village  of 
Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Clayton,  and  about  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Boulder.  It 
has  several  stores  and  a  rich  mine  of  coal.     Pop.  500. 

Louisville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga., 
on  Rocky  Comfort  Creek,  near  the  Ogeechee  River,  about 
50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  was  the  capital  of  the 
state  from  1795  to  1804.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflBce,  3  high 
schools,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  575;  in  1890,  836. 

Louisville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co..  III.,  in 
Louisville  township,  on  Little  Wabash  River,  and  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  100 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Flora.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  637;  of  the  township,  1605, 

Louisville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Louisville,  a  post- village  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Louisville  township,  on  Rock  Creek,  about  3  miles  N.  of 
Wamego,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  large  brick 
echool-house.     Pop.  in  1890,  382;  of  the  township,  980. 

Louisville,  the  county  seat  of  Jeff"erson  co.,  and  prin- 
cipal city  of  Kentucky,  was  founded  in  the  year  1778,  and 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1828.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  River,  400  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  130  miles  below  Cincinnati.  Lat.  38°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
30'  W.  The  town  is  built  on  a  plateau  about  70  feet  above 
the  river  at  an  ordinary  stage  of  water,  and  about  25  feet 
above  the  highest  flood-mark.  It  has  8  miles  of  river  front 
suitable  for  wharf  purposes,  and  the  even  surface  extending 
southward  from  the  river  affords  the  most  ample  space  for 
the  growth  of  the  city  in  that  direction.  Two  fine  bridges, 
nearly  a  mile  in  length,  connect  the  city  with  New  Albany 
and  Jeffersonville,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  in  the 
state  of  Indiana.  The  streets  are  laid  out  by  the  meridian, 
cross  one  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  over  500  in  num- 
ber, 60  to  120  feet  wide,  covering  a  tract  of  35  square  miles. 
They  are  well  sewered,  and  form  about  1900  squares.  Here 
are  about  40,000  houses.  Electric  street-cars  are  run  on 
the  principal  streets,  connecting  the  suburbs  with  the  cen- 
tral and  business  portion  of  the  city.  The  most  conspicu- 
ous of  the  public  buildings  is  the  new  custom-house,  which 
cost  $2,500,000.  Other  prominent  buildings  are  the  city 
hall  and  court-house,  the  First  and  Second  Presbyterian 
churches,  the  Catholic  cathedral,  St.  Paul's  Episcopal 
church,  the  Broadway  Tabernacle,  the  Broadway  Baptist 
church,  &c.  The  city  has  great  educational  advantages, 
having  39  public  school  buildings,  erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
$2,000,000;  the  Kentucky  College  for  ladies,  5  medical  col- 
leges, 4  other  colleges,  and  many  private  schools.  The  free 
school  system  is  sustained.  Louisville  has  150  churches, 
3  synagogues,  a  United  States  marine  hospital,  several 
other  hospitals,  12  orphan  asylums,  14  market-houses,  28 
banks,  the  clearings  of  which  show  $390,754,598  for  one 
year.  Of  the  53  newspapers  published  here,  8  are  political 
dailies.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  The 
facilities  for  transportation  are  extensive  and  of  great  im- 
portance to  the  city,  and,  being  a  port  of  entry,  goods  are 
received  direct  from  foreign  countries.  Besides  the  Ohio 
River,  which  is  usually  open  for  navigation  during  the 
entire  year,  there  are  6  important  lines  of  railroad  ter- 
minating at  this  point.  Among  these  are  the  Louisville  A 
Great  Southern,  the  Jefifersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis, 
and  the  Louisville  Branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi.  The 
city  has  an  extensive  trade  with  the  South  and  the  South- 
west. The  commerce  exceeds  in  value  $150,000,000  per 
annum,  of  which  the  trade  in  tobacco  amounts  to  153,000 
hogsheads,  of  an  aggregate  value  of  $15,000,000  in  one 
year.  Here  are  18  large  warehouses,  15  rehandling  es- 
tablishments, 16  manufactories  of  chewing  and  smoking 
tobacco,  and  85  cigar-factories.  Besides,  tobacco,  pork, 
and  flour  are  extensively  exported.  The  foreign  importa- 
tions for  one  year  amounted  to  $488,897,  with  a  duty  of 


$335,622,  while  the  total  internal  revenue  collections  were 
$10,932,593. 

Though  Louisville  may  be  said  to  be  a  commercial  city, 
its  manufactures  are  extensive.  Among  the  principal  es- 
tablishments are  its  iron-foundries,  tanneries,  and  plough- 
and  furniture-factories.  The  manufacture  of  water-  and 
gas-pipes  is  more  extensive  than  in  any  other  city  W.  of 
Pennsylvania.  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  and  other  Western  and 
Southern  towns  are  supplied  by  the  Louisville  foundries. 
Large  quantities  of  excellent  ploughs  are  made  here,  and 
the  sole-leather  manufactured  in  Louisville  has  a  wide 
reputation.  Its  manufacturing  establishments,  some  2073 
in  number,  give  employment  to  29,000  hands,  and  have  an 
invested  capital  of  $45,000,000,  with  an  aggregate  yearly 
product  of  $85,000,000.  Among  these  establishments  may 
be  found  some  of  the  largest  in  the  country  and  in  the 
world,  a  wagon-factory  (a  corporation  with  $1,000,000 
paid  up  capital)  being  located  here,  as  well  as  a  hickory- 
handle  factory,  22  tanneries,  plough-factories,  furniture- 
factories,  a  spoke-factory,  and  other  wood-working  estab- 
lishments. Louisville  is  the  greatest  whiskey  mart  in  th« 
world.  The  published  receipts  of  the  collector  for  this 
revenue  district  amount,  for  the  tax  on  whiskey,  to  from 
$20,000  to  $35,000  per  day.  Pop.  in  1860,  68,033;  in  1870, 
100,753;  in  1880,  123,758;  in  1890,  161,129. 

Louisville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Carroll  co.,  Md. 

Louisville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Winston  co..  Miss., 
about  46  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  and  95  miles  N.E.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  484. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisiana.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  farming-implements. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Platte  River,  18  milesby  rail  W.  of  Plattsmouth. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  pottery,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Kaolin  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  686. 

Louisville,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.    See  Morris. 

Louisville,  or  Mil'lerville,  a  post-village  in  Louis- 
ville township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River, 
10  miles  N.  of  Norwood.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2039. 

Louisville,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Saint  Louisville. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  in  Nimishillen  township, 
Stark  CO.,  0.,  On  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Rail- 
road, about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
Catholic  academy,  a  woollen-mill,  an  oil-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  about  1400. 

Louisville,  a  post- village  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Holston  River,  25  miles  below  Knoxville.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  and  furniture.  Much 
grain  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Louisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Menomonee.     It  has  a  church. 

Louisville,  Kent  co.,  Ontario.     See  Lewisville. 

Louisville  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  about  30  miles  below 
Ogdensburg.  The  steamboats  that  navigate  the  river  touch 
here.     It  has  a  church. 

Loui-Tchou,  or  Loui-Tcheou.     See  Looee-Choo. 

Loukh,  or  Louka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Lookh. 

Lou-Kiang,  a  town  of  China.     See  Loo-Kiano. 

Loa-Kiang,  a  river  of  Thibet.     See  Loo-Kians. 

Loukianow,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Lookianov. 

Louknoui,  Cochin  China.     See  Saigon. 

Louie,  loo'li  or  16'li,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Algarve,  8  miles  N.  of  Faro,  with  12,146  inhabitants,  an 
old  castle,  several  convents,  and  a  rich  hospital. 

Loun,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Lou. 

Lou-na-Chan,  China.    See  Loo-na-Shan. 

Lou-Ngan,  a  town  of  China.     See  Loo-Ngan. 

Loup  (loop)  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sherman 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Middle  Loup  River,  about  42  miles  N.  of 
Kearney.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Loup  Creek,  West  Virginia.     See  Loop  Creek. 

Loup  Fork,  or  Pawnee  Loup  Fork,  of  the  Platte 
River,  rises  in  Nebraska,  about  lat.  42°  13'  N.,  among  th« 
Great  Sand  Hills,  runs  first  nearly  southeastward  through 
the  arid  treeless  plain  of  Central  Nebraska,  and  subse- 
quently flows  nearly  eastward  through  Howard  and  Piatt 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Platte  River  in  Platte  co.,  about  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbus.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  300  miles. 
The  volume  of  water  is  small  in  proportion  to  the  length- 
It  has  a  branch  or  affluent  called  North  Loup ;  and  the  main 
stream  is  often  calkd  Middle  Loup. 


LOU 


1699 


LOV 


Loop  Fork,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 

Louqsor,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Luxor. 

liOarches,  looRsh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Cambrai.  It  has  coal-mines  and  glass- 
works.    Pop.  3590. 

LourdeS)  looRd  (anc.  Lor'def  Lapurdum?),t,  town  of 
France,  in  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  ArgelSs,  on 
the  Gave  de  Pau.  It  stands  at  the  foot  of  an  almost  in- 
accessible rock,  and  is  commanded  by  a  strong  castle,  now 
used  as  a  prison.  This  place  was  fortified  by  Julius  Caesar, 
and  has  extensive  Roman  remains  and  marble-quarries. 
It  is  a  noted  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  4577. 

liOurdoueix  Saint- Michel,  1oorMoo-&'  8&H"-mee^- 
shil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  15  miles  S.W.  of  La 
Chatre.     Pop.  1196. 

Lourdoueix  Saint-Pierre,  looR^doo-i'  s4N»-pe-aiR', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse,  17  miles  N.  of  Gu6ret.    P.  173. 

Lourenzo  Marquez,  loo-rfin'zo  maR-kSs',  a  walled 
Portuguese  town  of  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  Delagoa  Bay, 
with  decayed  forts.  Its  good  harbor  gives  it  considerable 
importance  in  the  trade  with  the  Transvaal,  but  it  is  sickly 
and  ill  built.     Pop.  2600. 

Liourical,  loo-ree-kll',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  18 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  5174. 

Lourinhfto,  loo-reen-ySwu*',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
EstremadiM-a,  10  miles  N.  of  Torres-Vedras.     Pop.  3287. 

liOuristan,  a  province  of  Persia.     See  Looristan. 

Lou'riston,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  oo.,  Minn. 

Lous,  a  province  of  Beloochistan.     See  Loos. 

Louth,  lowTH,  a  county  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  having  on 
the  E.  the  Irish  Sea.  Area,  315  square  miles.  The  N.  part 
of  the  county  forms  the  mountainous  peninsula  of  Carling- 
ford.  Louth  co.  is  divided  into  4  baronies.  Chief  towns, 
Drogheda,  Dundalk,  and  Ardee.  It  sends  four  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  two  being  for  the  county.  Pop., 
including  Drogheda  (1891),  70,852. 

liOnth,  a  decayed  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  5i 
miles  S.W.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  358. 

Louth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  in  the  fertile 
valley  of  the  Lud,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Wolds,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Grimsby.  It  has  several  churches,  one 
of  which  is  a  fine  old  structure  with  an  elegant  spire,  a 
free  grammar-school  and  various  other  endowed  schools,  a 
savings-bank,  a  dispensary,  and  other  charities.  Carpets, 
worsted,  soap,  oil-cake,  blankets,  leather,  paper,  castings, 
and  ale  are  manufactured  to  a  great  extent.  A  canal,  com- 
municating with  the  Humber,  enables  a  considerable  trade 
to  be  carried  on  in  corn  and  wool.     Pop.  10,500. 

Loutre,  loot'r,  a  township  of  Audrain  oo.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1003.     It  contains  Martinsburg. 

liOUtre,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1835. 

LiOutre  Island,  a  post-office  and  island  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Loutre 
River,  about  66  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Loutre  (or  Otter)  River,  of  Missouri,  flows  through 
Montgomery  co.,  and  falls  into  the  Missouri  River  at  Loutre 
Island.     It  affords  motive  power  for  mills. 

Loutsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Lootsk. 

Loutzin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Lyootsin. 

Louvain,  loo-vine'  (Fr.  pron.  looWiu"' ;  Flemish,  Leu- 
ven,  lo'ven  or  luh'v§n ;  Ger.  Loioen,  lo'^^^n),  a  city  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Brabant,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Brussels.  Its  old  ramparts  have  been  levelled  and  turned 
into  a  circular  promenade  7  miles  in  extent.  Many  of  the 
public  buildings  are  deserving  of  notice.  Of  these,  the 
principal  are  the  H8tel  de  Ville,  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
Gothic  buildings  in  the  world ;  the  collegiate  church  of  St. 
Peter,  an  edifice  of  vast  extent  and  rich  in  works  of  art; 
the  churches  of  St.  Gertrude,  St.  James,  St.  Quentin,  and 
Notre  Dame,  all  elegant  and  noble  structures ;  the  Pope's 
College,  the  penitentiary,  and  the  Salle  de  Frascati.  Lou- 
vain possesses  a  university,  the  largest  in  Belgium,  with 
schools  of  divinity  and  engineering,  and  with  20  subordi- 
nate colleges ;  also  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  botanical  gar- 
den, anatomical  hall,  cabinet  of  natural  philosophy,  chem- 
istry, and  natural  history ;  a  collection  of  pictures,  several 
of  them  first-rate ;  numerous  private  and  free  schools,  and 
several  hospitals  and  benevolent  institutions.  In  the  four- 
teenth century  Louvain  was  one  of  the  most  important 
manufacturing  towns,  and  in  broadcloths  alone  employed 
about  15,000  workmen.  A  few  woollens  are  still  made, 
also  hosiery,  hats,  ribbons,  soap,  oil,  dye-stuffs,  lace,  twist, 
glassware,  spirits,  candles,  leather,  glue,  earthenware,  &o.; 
but  by  far  the  most  important  manufacture  at  present  is 
beer.  For  trade  the  town  is  well  situated,  having  ample 
communication  by  rail  and  canal.     Pop.  (1892)  40,899. 

Louve,  a  river  of  France.     See  Lon£. 


Lonveciennes,  loov^se-inn',  a  village  of  France,  -b 
Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles  N.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1946. 

Louvegnez,  or  Lonreign^,  loo^vin'yi',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Liege. 

Louven,  lo-oo'v4n,  a  river  of  Norway,  stift  of  Chris- 
tiania,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  100  miles,  enters  the  Skager- 
Rack  near  Laurvig.     It  traverses  several  lakes. 

Louviers,  loo've-i',  formerly  Loviers,  lo've-4'  (ane. 
Luparim  f),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure,  and  on 
both  sides  of  the  river  Eure,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles 
S.  of  Rouen.  It  has  an  interesting  mediaeval  church,  courts 
of  first  resort  and  commerce,  and  a  consulting  chamber  of 
manufactures.  Louviers  is  one  of  the  chief  seats  of  French 
woollen-manufacture,  and  its  fine  woollen  cloth  is  considered 
the  best  in  the  republic.  It  has  also  several  worsted-mills, 
tanneries,  bleach-fields,  dye-works,  and  factories  for  ma- 
chinery and  steam-engines.  The  chief  trade  is  in  broad- 
cloth.    Pop.  10,097. 

Louvign6  du  Desert,  looVeen^yi'  dii  d&^zaiR',  a  vil- 
lage  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fou- 
gSres.     Pop.  950. 

Louvign^  en  Bais,  looVeen^yi'  bv  bi,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Vitr6.  Pop.  1482. 

LiOUZa,  loo'z&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Coimbra,  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Louza.     Pop.  4532. 

liOUza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Looza. 

liOvano,  the  Italian  name  of  Loano. 

Lovas  Bereny,  lo'v5sh^  b&^raiii',  a  town  of  Hungtu/, 
CO.  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.     Pop.  3790. 

liO'vass',  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis. 

liOvat,  or  liobat,  lo-v&t',  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ments of  Vitebsk  and  Novgorod,  enters  Lake  Ilmen  22 
miles  S.  of  Novgorod,  after  a  N.  course  of  175  mile*.  It 
receives  the  Koonia  at  Kholm.  The  Lovat  &  Diina  Canal, 
which  unites  those  rivers,  forms  a  part  of  the  communica- 
tion between  Lake  Ladoga  and  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Lovatz,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.  See  Loftscha. 

Love,  liiv,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ark.,  is 
near  the  famous  Crystal  Mountain. 

Lovejoy,  luv'joy,  a  station  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  on  tha 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Princeton. 

Lovejoy,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  III.  Pop.  240. 
It  contains  Wellington. 

Lovejoy 's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Ijovelace,  luv'laoe,  a  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  & 
miles  from  La  Grange.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  shoe-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  200. 

Lovelace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  in  Love- 
lace township,  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Wilkesborough. 

Lovelaceville,  a  post-village  of  Ballard  oo.,  Ey.,  on 
Mayfield  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Paducah.  It  hu 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lovelady,  Ifiv'la-de,  a  township  of  Burke  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  597. 

Lovelady,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lovelady,  a  post-village  of  Houston  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
International  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  99  miles  N.  of  Houston. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  free  school. 

Love  Lake  City,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Macon 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Northern  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  a 
church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Loveland,  lilv'land,  formerly  Big  Thomp'son,  a 

?ost-village  and  summer  resort  of  Larimer  oo.,  Col.,  on  Big 
hompson  Creek,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.  of  Denver.     It  has  2  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890,  698. 

Loveland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockford  township,  Potta- 
wattamie CO.,  Iowa,  on  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  h 
Northwestern  Railroad,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs. 
It  has  a  church. 

Loveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  oo.,  N.C,  on  Cane 
Fear  River,  16  miles  below  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  churon. 

Loveland,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  on  Little 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  The  village  is  partly  in 
Hamilton  co.,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  landscapes, 
hills,  forests,  and  orchards.     Pop.  in  1890,  761. 

Iioveland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Green  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Niles  A  New  Lisbon  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  the  Atlantic  <k  Great  Western  Railroad,  a  few 
miles  S.  of  Canfield. 

Lovell,  liiv'^l,  a  post-village  in  Lovell  township.  Oxford 


LOV 


1700 


LOW 


CO.,  Me.,  on  Kezar  Pond,  about  52  miles  N.N.  W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  spool-factory.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1018. 

Lovell,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  167. 

Lovell,  Michigan.     See  Fkcitport. 

Lovell's,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, at  Paint  Creek  Station,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  a  church  and  mines  of  coal.    See  also  Paint  Creek. 

LovelPs  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Corry.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lovelock,  luv'lSk,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Lovelock's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  in  a  fertile  valley,  97  miles 
N.E.  of  Reno.     It  is  near  the  Humboldt  River. 

Lovelton,  luv-^l-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co., 
Pa.,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  saw-mill. 

Lovely  Dale,  Knox  co.,  Ind.    See  Monbob  Citt. 

Lovely  Mount,  Virginia.    See  CBNXRAii  Depot. 

Lovendeghem,  lo-v4n'd9h-Hfim\  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  East  Flanders,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  4000, 
extensively  employed  in  linen-weaving. 

Lovenich,  lo'v?n-iK\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  2767. 

Lovere,  lo-vi'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  21  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  Lake  Iseo.     Pop.  2838. 

Lovernsville,  luv'ernz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Winston  oo,, 
Miss.,  20  miles  from  Shuqualak. 

Lover's  Leap.    See  Cape  Ducato. 

Love's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Red  River  parish,  La. 

Love's  Level,  a  post-office  of  Union  0^,^.0. 

Love's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Love's  Station,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Her- 
nando. 

Lovett,  liiv'et,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  (Louisville  Branch),  47 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  JeSersonville.  It  has  a  oarriage-shop 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Lovett's,  a  post-office  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  about  32  miles 
S.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Lovettsville,  liiv'ets-vil,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co., 
Va.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Frederick  City,  Md.,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  the  Potomac  River.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  165. 

Loveville,  luv'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  oo..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Loviers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Louviebs. 

Lovil'ia,  or  Lovil'la,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co., 
iowa,  in  Union  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Albia 
and  Knoxville,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Lovil'ia,  a  hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  near  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Mt.  Vernon. 

Loving  (luv'ing)  Creek,  apost-office  of  Bedford  oo.,  Va. 

Lovingston,  lfiv'ingz-t9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house  (planned  by  Thomas 
Jetferson),  and  2  hotels.  It  is  situated  in  a  cove  of  the 
ojountains.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lovington,  luv'ing-t9n,  a  post-village  in  Lovington 
township,  Moultrie  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad, 
21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Decatur,  and  87  miles  S.  of  Pontiac.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  steam 
aouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  767 ;  of  the  township,  2245. 

Lovisa,  a  town  of  Finland.     See  Lowisa. 

Lovtcha,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Loftscha. 

JjOW,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  38  miles 
K.N.W.  of  Ottawa.     It  contains  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Low  Archipelago  (ar-ke-p§l'^-go),  an  extensive 
series  of  islands,  in  number  from  80  to  90,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  lat.  20°  S.,  Ion.  140°  W.,  E.  of  the  Society  Islands, 
and  S.  of  the  Marquesas,  and  comprising  numerous  groups, 
from  Clermont-Tonnerre  to  Krusenstern  Island.  They  are 
Qjostly  under  French  protection.     Pop.  9000. 

Lowbanks,  I5'banks,  a  post- village  in  Monck  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Erie,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cayuga.     Pop.  140. 

Low  Countries.    See  Netherlands. 

LoAvdeah,  or  Loudeah.    See  Al  Sibkah. 

Lowd'en,  or  Loud'on,  a  post-village  in  Springfield 
tewoBhin.  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern 


Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Clinton,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Tipton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
hotels.     Pop.  439. 

Lowd'en's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal. 

Lowd'er,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Northwestern  <fc  Southeastern  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Virden  Junction. 

Lowd'ham,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and 
7i  miles  N.E.  of  Nottingham.     Pop.  1317. 

Lowe,  15,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co.,  111.     Pop.  786. 

Lowe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  4& 
miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Lowell,  lo'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  8^  miles 
8.  of  Carrollton.    It  has  a  church,  grist-mill,  and  saw-mill. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  Cedar 
Creek,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crown  Point,  and  about  44  miles 
S.  by  E,  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  4  churches,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  761. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  in  Baltimore  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Skunk  River,  18  miles  W.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  a  church,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  sandstone-quarry. 

Lowell,  a  post- village  in  Lowell  township,  Cnerokee 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Spring  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Baxter 
Springs.     It  has  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  2594. 

Lowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lancaster. 

Lowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Lowel) 
township,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  448. 

Lowell,  a  city  of  Massachusetts,  and  one  of  the  capl 
tals  of  Middlesex  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Merrimao  River^ 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Concord,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bostoi 
Lat.  42°  38'  46"  N.;  Ion.  71°  19'  2"  W.     It  is  the  thi 
city  of  the  state  in  population.     The  site  is  uneven  and  pi( 
turesque,  and  "from  the  heights  of  Belvidere,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  river,  the  whole  panorama  of  the  city,  the  longj 
curving  line  of  the  Merrimac,  the  distant  peaks  of  Wachu 
sett,  and  the  New  Hampshire  mountains,  come  grandly  in' 
view."     The  city  is  chiefly  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Merrimao 
though  some  large  establishments  are  situated  on  the 
The  streets  are  regularly  laid  out  and  well  paved ;   thi 
city  is  lighted  chiefly  by  electric  lights.     The  principi 
public  institutions  and  edifices  are  a  new  city  hall  (1892-93)j 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $300,000  :  a  memorial  building  ($150,' 
000),  a  new  high-school  building  ($160,000),  a  court-houa 
43  churches,  a  free  library  and  reading-room  with  40,00 
volumes,  a  mechanics'  association  library  with  20,000  vo^ 
umes,    7    national    banks    with   an    aggregate    capital   < 
$2,500,000,  7  savings-banks,  3  hospitals,  2  orphanages, 
home  for  aged  women,  and  water-works  constructed  at 
cost  of  $1,265,000.    Six  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  a 
published  here,  and  here  also  is  the  site  of  the  Ayer  Homi 
for  young  women  and  children,  endowed  by  Mrs.  J.  C.  Ayei 

The  prosperity  of  Lowell  is  mainly  derived  from  man 
factures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  and  the  immense  by 
draulic  power  afforded  by  the  Merrimac,  which  here  ft "" 
33  feet.     The  water-power  is  owned  by  a  corporation  char< 
tered  as  "  The  Proprietors  of  the  Locks  and  Canals  on  Mer- 
rimac River."    As  given  in  the  United  States  census,  Lowef 
had  in  1890  a  capital  of  $40,457,399  invested  in  manufi 
tures  employing  28,086  operatives,  the  annual  product  a] 
gregating  a  value  of  $39,638,062 ;  the  wages  paid  bavin; 
increased  from  $5,996,691  in  1880  to  $10,695,545  in  189' 
Here  are  9  large  corporations,  which  employ,  in  additi 
to  the  water-power,  60  steam-engines,  and  own  nearly  S 
mills  and  over  600,000  spindles.      Among  these  corpon 
tions  are  the  Merrimac  Manufacturing  Company  (capi 
$2,600,000),  the  Hamilton  Manufacturing  Company  (capi 
tal,  $1,800,000),  the  Lowell  Manufacturing  Company  (ca] 
ital,  $2,000,000),  the  Tremont  and  Suffolk  Mills  (capiti 
$1,200,000),  the  Lawrence  Manufacturing  Company  (capi 
tal,  $1,600,000),  and  the  Massachusetts  Cotton-Mills  (capi 
tal,  $1,800,000).     These  corporations  produce  cotton  sheef 
ings,  shirtings,  prints,  drillings,  flannels,  carpets,  cassimen 
serges,  shawls,  hosiery,  beavers,  Ac.     Lowell  has  also  ma 
ufactures  of  machinery,  boilers,  paper,  chemicals,  edge-too! 
elastic  goods,  files,  screws,  bolts,  patent  medicines,  carriages, 
furniture,  sash  and  blinds,  turbine-wheels,  pumps,  hydraulic 
presses,  bobbins,and  machinists'  tools.  The  Lowell  Bleachery 
has  a  capital  of  $300,000,  employs  about  400  operatives, 
and  dyes  16,000,000  yards  per  annum.     This  city  is  at  thr 
convergence  of  7  railroads,  named  the  Boston  &  Lowe' 
the  Lowell  &  Nashua,  the  Lowell  A  Lawrence,  the  Ston; 
Brook,  the  Lowell  A  Framingham,  the  Lowell  A  Andover, 
and  the  Salem  A  Lowell.    There  are  several  public  squares, 
in  one  of  which  a  monument  has  been  erected  to  the  mem- 
ory of  Ladd  and  Whitney,  who  were  killed  in  Baltimore  by 


ufli 


LOW 


1701 


LOW 


a  mob  April  19,  1861.  The  assessed  valuation  of  property 
for  1890  was  $62,046,799.  Lowell  was  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1836.  Pop.  in  1^40,  20,796;  in  I860,  36,827;  in 
1875,  49,688;  in  1880,  59,475;  in  1890,  77,696. 

Lowell)  a  post-village  in  Lowell  township,  Kent  oo., 
Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Flat  River, 
and  on  the  Detroit  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  by 
6.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  an  axe-factory,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Pop.  1503 ;  of  the  township,  2826. 

Lowell,  a  northern  suburb  of  St,  Louis,  Mo.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  O'Fallon  Avenue,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  on  the  S.  by  Grand  Avenue,  and  on  the  W.  by  Belle- 
fontaine  Road.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
brick,  soap,  and  bone-black. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  of  Kearney  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  E.  of  Kearney  Junction,  and  18  miles  W.  of 
Juniata.     One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  township, 
Oneida  eo.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utica.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  171. 

Lowell, 'Washington  co.,  0.    See  Bubll's  Lowell. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Lowell 
township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  about  50  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
butter-tubs,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  of  the  township,  942. 

Lowell,  a  post-office  of  Snohomish  co.,  Washington. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Greenbrier  River, 
here  crossed  by  an  iron  bridge,  108  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  a  church,  and  is  a  noted  shipping-point  for  stock. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  in  Lowell 
township,  on  Beaver  Dam  River,  8  or  9  miles  S.  of  the  city 
of  Beaver  Dam,  about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison,  and  2i 
miles  N.  of  Lowell  Station  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
Bt.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
eheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  in  1890, 
304 ;  of  the  township,  2492. 

Lowell  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Nevada  co..  Cat.,  6  miles 
from  Dutch  Flat.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Lowell  Janction,  a  station  in  Andover  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Lowell  &  Andover  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of 
Boston,  and  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lowell. 

Lowell  Mills,  a  village  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
Flat  Rock  Creek,  3  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Lowellville,  lo'el-vil,  a  post-village  of  Mahoning  co., 
0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngs- 
town  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown,  and 
67  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  blast- 
furnace for  the  production  of  pig-iron,  2  grist-mills,  a  brick- 
yard, and  a  planing-mill.  Good  coal  is  mined  near  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  762. 

Lowen,  IS'^^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  36  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  2001. 

Lowen,  the  German  name  of  Louvain. 

Lowenberg,  lo'^§n-bSKG\  or  Lem'berg,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Sober. 
Pop.  5203.  It  has  woollen-,  printed-linen-,  and  cotton-fac- 
tories, and  bleaching- works. 

Loweuburg's  (lo'§n-burgz)  Station,  a  post-office 
of  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  <fc  Columbus 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Natchez. 

Lowendal,  low'§n-dir,  an  island  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  West  Australia,  belonging  to  the  Montebello  group,  and 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Barrow  Island. 

Lowenstein,  lo'^§n-stine\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  24 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1656. 

Lower,  lo'§r,  a  township  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1783.  It  includes  Cape  May  City,  and  is  the  southernmost 
township  in  the  state. 

Lower,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  307. 

Lower  Al'len,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1336. 

LoAver  Al'loway  Creek,  a  township  of  Salem  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  1483. 

Lower  Alps,  France.     See  Basses-Alpes. 

Lower  Ammonoo'snc,  a  river  of  New  Hampshire, 
J  rises  in  Coos  co.,  near  Mount  Washington,  runs  southwest- 
I  ward  through  Grafton  co.,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  at  the 
I  village  of  Wells  River.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 
1       Lower  Augusta,  aw-gus'ta,  a  township  of  Northum- 
berland CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1802. 

Low'er  Aus'tria  (Fr.  Batee-Autriche,  bias-o^tReesh' j 


Qer.  Oe»terreich-unter-dem-Enn»,  os't^r-RlK^-SCn't^r-dSm- 
Sns,  or  Nieder-Oesterreich,  nee'd^r-os't^r-RiK*),  a  crown-land 
of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  separated  in  part  from 
Upper  Austria  by  the  river  Enns.  With  Upper  Austria  it 
forms  the  so-called  archduchy  of  Austria.  It  is  bounded 
N.  by  Moravia,  E.  by  Hungary,  S.  by  Styria,  and  W.  by 
Upper  Austria  and  Bohemia.  Area,  7655  square  miles. 
Capital,  Vienna.  It  is  generally  very  fertile,  producing 
much  grain  and  wine,  and  its  mountainous  parts  are  rich  in 
metals.     Pop.  in  1890,  2,661,790. 

Lower  Avon,  a  river  of  England.    See  Avon. 

Lower  Bank,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  Egg  Harbor  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Lower  Bann,  a  river  of  Ireland.    See  Bann. 

Lower  Bar'ney's  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Pictou 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Barney's  River,  18  miles 
from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Bart'lett,  a  small  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  in  Bartlett  township,  near  the  Saco  River,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  North  Conway.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lower  Bern,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Lower  Beth  Horon,  Palestine.    See  Beth  Horom. 

Lower  Bois6,  boi'z^,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Lower  Brul^,  broo^li',  a  post-office  of  Lyman  co., 
S.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  Chamberlain. 

Lower  Burgeo,  Newfoundland.    See  Burgeo. 

Lower  Cab'ot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
in  Cabot  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Lower  California.    See  California. 

Lower  Canard,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Canard. 

Lower  Can'terbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sheogomoc,  44  miles  W.  of  Fredericton. 

Lower  Cape,  a  settlement  in  Kent  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, at  the  entrance  of  Richibucto  Harbor,  3  miles  from 
Richibuoto.     There  is  a  light-house  on  its  head.    Pop.  150. 

Lower  Catasau'qua,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Sus- 
quehanna Railroad,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

Lower  Chanceford,  chanss'fprd,  a  township  of  York 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2306.     It' contains  Airville. 

Lower  Chich'ester,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1129.     It  contains  Linwood. 

Lower  Cin^cinna'tus,  a  hamlet  in  Cincinnatus  town- 
ship, Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marathon.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  butter,  sash, 
and  blinds.     Pop.  about  135. 

Lower  Cone'to,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2000, 

Lower  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  15  miles  from  Maccan. 
Grindstones  are  manufactured  here.     Pop.  300. 

Lower  Creek,  township,  Burke  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  750. 

Lower  Creek,  township,  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1092, 

Low'er  Dar'wen,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, 2  miles  S.E.  of  Blackburn. 

Lower  Egypt,  Africa.    See  Bahari. 

Lower  Fish'ing  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe 
CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  1629. 

Lower  Fork,  a  township  of  Burke  co,,  N,C,   Pop,  616. 

Lower  Free'town,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co,.  Prince 
Edward  Island,  8  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop,  200, 

Lower  French  Village,  a  post-village  in  York  co,, 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  St,  John  River,  9  miles  W.  of 
Fredericton,     Pop,  250.     Near  here  is  an  Indian  village. 

Lower  Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester, 
an  affluent  of  the  Avon. 

Lower  Gil'manton,  a  post-office  of  Belknap  oo,,  N,H. 

Lower  Gran'ville,  or  Goat  Island,  a  post-village 
in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  an  island  in  Annapolis 
Basin,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  100. 

Lower  Gulley,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  30  miles  from  St.  John's. 

Lower  Hack'ensack,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  &     • 
New  York  Railway,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  14  miles  from  New 
York,  on  the  Hackensack  River. 

Lower  Heidelberg,  hi'd^l-berg,  a  post-township  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Reading,  is  intersected 
by  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad.  Pop.  2480.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Wernersville. 

Lower  Hesse,  Germany.    See  Nieuer-Hessen. 

Lower  Hills,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co,.  111. 

Lower  Hill'ville,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Clarion 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  73  miles  N.N.E 
of  Pittsburg.     Here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Lower  Hom'iny,  a  township  of  Bunoembe  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1215. 


LOW 


1702 


LOW 


Lower  Horton,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Grand  Pr^. 

Lower  Hunt'ing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester 
3o.,  Md.,  3i  miles  from  Hurlock  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lower  Ireland,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Que- 
bec, 16  miles  S.E.  of  Becancour  Station.  It  contains  2  saw- 
mills and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Jamesburg,  jamz'burg,  a  station  in  Middle- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Freehold  &  Jamesburg  Railroad,  1  mile 
B.  of  Jamesburg. 

Lower  La  Have,  14  hiv,  also  called  Five  Houses, 
a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La 
Have  River,  9  miles  from  Lunenburg.     Pop.  220. 

Lower  Lahnstein,  Germany.    See  Lahnstein. 

Lower  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  S.E.  extremity  and  outlet  of  Clear  Lake,  32  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Calistoga,  and  about  80  miles  in  a  direct  line 
N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  picturesque 
country,  in  which  game  abounds,  and  is  frequented  by 
many  tourists  and  sportsmen.  It  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, ploughs,  quicksilver,  borax,  and  sulphur.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Lower  L'Ardoise,  lar^dwiz',  a  post-hamlet  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  E.  side  of  St.  Peter's 
Bay,  48  miles  E.  of  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  400. 

Lower  Line  Queens'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York 
00.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  John  River, 
16  miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Lower  Loire,  France.    See  LoiRE-lNPfiRiEORB. 

Lower  Lynxville,  Wisconsin.    See  Lynxville. 

Lower  Macungie,  ma-kun'jee,  a  township  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  3662.     It  contains  Macungie,  Alburtis,  Ac. 

Lpwer  Ma^hanoy',  a  township  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1790. 

Lower  Make'field,  a  township  of  Bucks  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2066. 

Lower  MarlHiorough,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  oo., 
Md.,  about  48  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lower  Merion,  mdr'e-gn,  a  post-township  and  the 
most  southern  part  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  which  separates  it  from 
the  21st  ward  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  and  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroads.  Pop. 
4886.     It  contains  the  village  of  Ardmore. 

Lower  Mid'dleton^  a  village  in  Annapolis  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  1^  miles  from  Middleton.   It  has  a  ladies'  seminary. 

Lower  Mil 'ford,  a  township  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1505.     It  contains  Hosensack. 

Lower  mount  Beth'el,  a  township  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  3641. 

Lower  Naz'areth,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.  Pop.  1086.  It  contains  Hecktown  and  Newburg,  and 
has  iron-mines  and  lime-quarries. 

Lower  New'castle,  a  post- village  in  Northumberland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  6  miles  from  Chatham.     Pop.  250. 

Lower  Newport,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
9  miles  E.  of  Marietta. 

Lower  Norwood,  England.    See  Norwood. 

Lower  Ox'ford,  a  township  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1449.     It  contains  Lincoln  University.    - 

Lower  Pax'ton,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1623. 

Lower  Peach- Tree,  a  post- village  of  Wiloox  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  River,  180  miles  above  Mobile,  and 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  about  200. 

Lower  Penn's  Neck,  a  township  of  Salem  oo., 
N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  1472. 

Lower  Prince  William,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  23i 
miles  above  Fredericton.  It  contains  a  store  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  400. 

Lower  Prov'idence,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery 
00.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Schuylkill  River.  It  contains  Providence 
Square,  a  hamlet.     Pop.  1572. 

Lower  Pyrenees,  France.    See  Basses-Pyrenees. 

Lower  Queens'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co., 
Nev^  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  21 
miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Lower  Rhine,  an  old  circle  of  Germany,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rhine,  now  comprised  mostly  in  Hesse,  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  and  Rhenish  Prussia. 

Lower  Rhine,  Germany.    See  Bas-Rhin. 

Lower  River  Inhabitants,  a  post-settlement  in 
Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  In- 
habitants, 13  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  300. 


Lower  Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Alleghany  eo., 
Pa.  Pop.  5322.  It  includes  some  of  the  southern  suburbs 
of  Pittsburg. 

Lower  Salem,  Washington  co.,  0.     See  Salem. 

Lower  Sal'ford,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa 
Pop.  1645. 

Lower  Saucon,  saw'k9n,  a  post-township  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  is  about  4  miles  E.  of  AUentown.     It  ii 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad.     Pop.  6304.     It  con 
tains  Bingen  village  and  the  borough  of  Hellertown. 

Lower  Seine,  France.     See  Seine-Inp£rieure. 

Lower  SeI'mah,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Cobequid  Bay,  4  miles  from  Mait 
land.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Siam.    See  Isthuus  op  Kraw. 

Lower  Sioux  (soo)  A'gency,  a  post-office  of  Red- 
wood CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River. 

Lower  Southamp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  40 
miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Squank'um,  a  post- village  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  in  Howell  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  at  Squankum  Station,  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Free- 
hold.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lower  Stewiacke,  ste-wi-ak'e,  a  post-village  in  Col- 
chester 00.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Stewiacke  River,  near  its 
confluence  with  the  Shubenaoadie,  and  on  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Halifax.  It  has  3  stores,  3 
saw-mills,  and  a  hotel.  Pop.  250.  The  railway  station  is 
3  miles  distant. 

Lower  Swatara,  township,  Dauphin  oo..  Pa.  P.  1290 

Lower  Tar'ryall  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
39°  9'  20"  N.,  Ion.  105°  26'  30"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
11,200  feet  above  the  sea-level.     It  is  in  the  South  Park. 

Lower  Three  Creek,  of  Barnwell  oo.,  S.C,  flows  into 
Savannah  River. 

Lower  Three  Runs,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.  See  Mar- 
tin's. 

Lower  Towamen'sing,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  1552. 

Lower  Town  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  937. 

Lower  Tur'keyfoot,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1264. 

Lower  Two  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 

Lower  Uwchlan,  Pennsylvania.    See  Uwchlan. 

Lower  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J. 

Lower  Ward  Saint  Marguerite's  Bay,  a  post- 
village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  25  miles  W.  of  Halifax. 

Lower  Wat'erford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co., 
Vt.,  on  or  near  the  Connecticut  River,  about  37  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  a  church. 

Lower  Wind'sor,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2429.     It  contains  East  Prospect. 

Lower  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Woodstock.  It  contains  a 
store  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Lowerz,  or  Lowertz,  lo'^drts,  a  village  and  lake  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sohwytz,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Rossberg.     Pop.  513. 

Lowe's,  loz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Viola  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  institute. 

Lowe's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Sussex  co.,  Del. 

Low'estoft,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  England,  In 
Sufi'olk,  40  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ipswich.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  2  railway  lines,  and  consists  of  two  parts,  Old 
and  New  or  South  Lowestoft.  The  principal  public  build- 
ings are  the  parish  church,  chapels,  a  town  hall,  theatre, 
assembly-room,  2  free  schools,  a  British  school,  several 
private  schools,  an  infirmary,  and  a  fishermen's  hospital. 
Ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  there  are  several  breweries 
and  refineries.  Lowestoft  is  one  of  the  chief  English  fish- 
ing ports.  Its  harbor  is  artificially  improved,  and  the  outer 
port  is  formed  by  2  great  moles  or  piers.  The  town  is  a 
favorite  bathing-place.     Pop.  (1891)  23,347. 

Lowesville,  loz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  oo.,  N.C., 
10  miles  N.  of  Tuckasegee  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  a  tannery,  <fcc. 

Lowesville,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  oo.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  from  Seguin. 

Lowesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on 
Piney  River,  10  miles  from  Tye  River  Depot.  It  has  3 
stores  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  60. 

Loweswater,  loz'wiH^r,  a  ohapelry  of  England,  3o. 
of  Cumberland,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  6  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Cockermouth. 


LOW 


1703 


LOY 


Low  Gap,  a  hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  45  miles 
N.W.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

JLow  Gap)  a  post-oflBce  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Low  Gap,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va. 

Low  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Allentown.     Pop.  of  Low  Hill  township,  997. 

Lowicz,  or  Liowitsch,  lo'vitoh,  a  town  of  Poland,  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw,  on  the  Bzura,  an  affluent  of  the 
Vistula.  Pop.  7605.  It  has  barracks,  monasteries,  a  gym- 
nasium, and  a  normal  school. 

Lowisa,  lo-<>ee'si,  or  Degesby,  di'gh5s-bii\  a  forti- 
fied seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  65 
miles  N.E.  of  Helsingfors.     Pop.  2135. 

Low  Isles,  a  group  of  islets  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  Trinity  Bay.     Lat,  16°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  30'  E. 

IjOAVinaii,  lo'man,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 

Lowmansville,  lo'manz-vH,  a  post-hamlet  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Ky.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

IjOW  Moor,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Eden 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9^  miles 
W.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Low  Moor  Iron-Works,  a  mining  village  of  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Va.,  2  miles  by  rail  from  Low  Moor  Junction, 
which  is  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church.     Iron  ore  is  mined  here. 

Liowndes,  Idwndz,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Alabama  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Big  Swamp  and  Pintelalti  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  and  the  Western  Railroad 
of  Alabama.  Capital,  Hayneville.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,719; 
in  1880,  31,176;  in  1890,  31,550. 

liOwndes,  a  cousty  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  borders 
on  Florida.  Area,  about  431  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Allapaha  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Withlacoochee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sugar-cane, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroad 
and  the  Georgia  Southern  &  Florida  Railroad,  both  of 
which  connect  with  Valdosta,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8321;  in  1880,  11,049;  in  1890,  15,102. 

liOWndes,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
ders on  Alabama.  Area,  about  536  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Oktibbeha  River  and  Luxapatilla  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  cypress,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  pine,  &o.  The 
Boil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile 
&  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
both  of  which  connect  with  Columbus,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  30,502;  in  1880,  28,244:  in  1890,  27,047. 

Lowndes,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo. 

Lowndes,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1850. 

Lowndesborough,  lowndz'bur-riih,  a  post-village  of 
Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  3  miles  from  Lowndesborough  Station 
of  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  and  20  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a  male  acad- 
emy, a  female  institute,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Lowndesville,  lowndz'vil,  a  post-village  and  town- 
ship of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about  110  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Columbia.     Pop.  of  Lowndesville  township,  2480. 

Lowosits,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Lobositz. 

Low  (15)  Point,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  111.,  in 
Cazenovia  township,  on  the  Western  division  of  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Metamora,  and  130  miles 
from  Chicago.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Low  Point,  New  York.    See  Carthage  Landing. 

Low  Point,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co,.  Cape 
Breton  Island,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Port 
Hastings.     Pop.  200. 

Low  Point  Shore,  or  Victoria  Mines,  a  post- 
village  in  Cape  Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  entrance  of 
Sydney  Harbor  (S.  side),  9  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  The  Vic- 
toria coal-mines  are  here.  A  large  quantity  of  coal  is 
transported  hence  4  miles  by  railway  to  a  wharf  at  South 
Bay.  There  is  a  light-house  on  Low  Point,  showing  a 
fixed  light  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     Pop.  350. 

Lowrie's,  Wisconsin.     See  Emeey. 

Lowry,  ISw're,  a  post- village  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches 
*nd  a  distillery. 


Lowry  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  1» 
miles  E.  of  Appleton  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Lowry's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lowryville,  15w'r§-vil,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  King's  Mountain  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.  of 
Columbia. 

Lowryville,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Lowsville,  loz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co., 
W.  Va.,  7  miles  N.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

LoAVtherstown,  Ireland.    See  Irvinestown. 

Lowville,  I5'vil,  a  post-township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  54. 

Lowville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  ia 
Lowville  township,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  <fc 
Black  River  Railroad,  58  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  33- 
miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  5  churches,  the  Low- 
ville Academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  4  newspaper 
offices,  2  hotels,  several  fine  brick  buildings,  a  chair-factory, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  2511 ;  of  the 
township,  3684, 

Lowville,  a  small  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Lowville,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  in  Low- 
ville township,  22  miles  N.  of  Madison.  The  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad  touches  the  N.E.  corner  of  the 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  886. 

Lowville,  lo'vil,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,. 
on  Twelve-Mile  Creek,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wellington 
Square.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Loxa,  towns  of  Spain  and  Ecuador.     See  LoJA. 

Loxa,  Coles  co..  111.    See  Stockton  Station. 

Loy'al,  a  post-village  in  Loyal  township,  Clark  oo., 
Wis.,  10  miles  W.  of  Spencer  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
64  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  doors. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  49|9. 

Loy'alhan^na,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  813. 

Loyalhanna,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa,,  oir 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  E,  of  Latrobe. 

Loyalhanna  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  northwest- 
ward through  Westmoreland  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Cone- 
maugh  River  at  Saltsburg,  to  form  the  Kiskiminetas. 

Loy'al  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  Iff 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Loyal  Oak,  a  post-village  in  Norton  township.  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  4  miles  from  New  Portage  Station,  and  about  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Loy'alsock,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  is  con- 
tiguous to  Williamsport.     Pop.  1475. 

Loyalsock,  a  post- village  in  Upper  Fairfield  township, 
Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  Loyalsock  Creek,  about  9  miles  N.E 
of  AVilliamsport.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Loyalsock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Sullivan 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River  in  Lycoming  co.,  about  5  miles  below 
Williamsport.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Loy'alton,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  fer- 
tile valley  on  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Reno,  and  100  miles  in  a  direct  line  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Loyalton,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Oakdale  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Loy'alty  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of 
New  Caledonia,  consists  of  3  large  and  many  small  islands, 
all  belonging  to  France.  Land  area,  841  square  miles. 
LiFD,  or  Chabrol,  is  the  largest,  N.  end  in  lat.  20°  27'  S., 
Ion.  167°  E.,  37  miles  long,  and  10  to  20  miles  broad.  It 
is  of  coral  formation,  and  has  no  harbor.  It  is  250  feet 
in  elevation,  level  on  the  top,  and  thickly  wooded.  Mari 
is  about  20  miles  long  and  10  miles  broad,  and  has  no 
anchorage.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  level,  and  thickly 
wooded,  and  is  populated  by  a  wild  race  of  small  stature. 
Total  pop.  13,334. 

Loy'al  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Tex., 
about  100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  hotel. 

Loyat,  lo^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  29 
miles  N.E,  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2160. 

Loyd,  New  York.     See  Lloyd. 

Loyd,  a  post-village  in  Willow  township,  Richland  co., 
Wis.,  on  Willow  Creek,  about  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madi«on-. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 


LOY 


1704 


LDC 


Loydsville,  loids'vll,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  oo.,  0., 
on  the  National  Road,  5  miles  W.  of  St.  Clairsville,  and 
about  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

lioyes,  Iwi,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  22  miles  E. 
of  Trt'voux.     Pop.  1 102. 

liOyola,  lo-yo'li,  a  celebrated  convent  and  village  of 
Spain,  Biscay,  14  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian ;  the  former 
held  to  be  the  wealthiest  and  most  magnificent  belonging 
to  the  Jesuits,  by  whom  it  was  built  in  honor  of  their 
founder  St.  Ignatius,  born  in  the  adjacent  village  in  1491. 

Loys,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Emmittsburg. 

Loy's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo., 
Tenn.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Maynardville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Loysville,  loiz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Tyrone  township. 
Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  W.N.W,  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lozdziely,  Russian  Poland.     See  Losdzet. 

lioz^re,  lo^zaiR',  a  department  of  the  S.  of  France,  a 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Languedoe.  Area,  1965  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  1.35,527.  It  is  traversed  on  the  E. 
by  the  C6venne8  Mountains,  and  from  E.  to  W.  by  the 
mountains  of  Margeride  and  LozSre.  Altitude  of  plateau, 
2300  to  3000  feet;  the  mountains  are  snow-clad  during  a 
great  part  of  the  year.  Elevation  of  Mount  LozSre,  in  the 
C6vennes,  4884  feet.  Chief  rivers,  the  Tarn,  Lot,  Truy^re, 
Allier,  and  Gard.  Soil  infertile;  its  grain  and  wine  are 
insufficient  for  home  consumption,  and  a  great  part  of  the 
population  live  by  sheep-husbandry.  The  minerals  of  the 
department  are  lead,  silver,  copper,  antimony,  and  iron. 
Chief  industries,  cotton-spinning  and  mining.  This  de- 
partment anciently  formed  part  of  Aquitania  Prima  and 
Septimania.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of 
Mende,  Florae,  and  Marvejols.     Capital,  Mende. 

Lozoya,  lo-tho'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  50 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  570. 

Lozweil,  lots'^ile,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1245. 

Lu.  loo  (L.  Lu'cus),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3960. 

Lualaba,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Congo. 

Luan'a,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Monona 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
19  miles  W.  of  McGregor.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-shop, 
and  2  or  3  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Luana  Point,  S.  coast  of  Jamaica,  is  in  lat.  18°  N. 

Luanco,  or  Lnanco  Santa  Maria,  loo-&n'ko  s&n't& 
m&-ree'i,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay, 
province  and  15  miles  N.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  2700. 

Luarca,  loo-aR'ki,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oviedo.  It  is  in  a  sheltered  oove. 
The  harbor  is  defended  by  batteries. 

Lubaczovka,  or  Lubaczowka.  See  Loobatchotka. 

JLubaczow,  loo'bi-chov*,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zolkiew.     Pop.  3336. 

Luban,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Looban. 

Luban,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Looban. 

Lubar,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Loobab. 

Lnbartow,  written  also  Lnbartov,  loo-baR'tov,  a 
town  of  Poland,  government  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lublin, 
on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  3810. 

Lubawa,  the  Polish  name  of  Lobau. 

Liibbecke,  liib^bSk'k^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 13  miles  W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2735. 

Ltibben,  liib'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
Spree.  Pop.  5387,  engaged  in  linen-  and  woollen-eloth- 
weaving,  brewing,  distilling,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco. 

Ltibbenau,  liib'b^h-nSw^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  Spree.  Pop. 
3557.     It  has  a  castle. 

Lnb'bo«k,  a  county  of  Northwestern  Texas,  on  the 
Staked  Plain.    Area,  900  square  miles. 

Lnb'bub  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  S.W.  through 
Pickens  co.  into  Tombigbee  River. 

littbczyce,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  LEOBScntJTZ. 

Lu'bec,  a  post-village  and  seaport  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  in  Lubec  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
4  miles  S.  of  Eastport,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Calais. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  savings-bank. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  partly  supported  by  the  coast- 
trade  and  the  fisheries.  It  is  connected  with  Eastport  by  a 
steam  ferry.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2069.  A  strait 
about  i  mile  wide  separates  Lubeo  village  from  the  British 
island  of  Campobello. 


Lu'beck  {Qer.  LUbeck,  lii'bSk;  L&t.  Lvbecum),  a  fret 
city  of  Germany,  one  of  the  Hanse  towns,  on  the  Trave,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Wakenitz,  10  miles  from  the  Baltic,  and 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Ham- 
burg. It  is  divided  into  four  quarters  (and  almost  encir- 
cled) by  its  rivers,  and  some  parts  of  its  old  walls  remain. 
Among  its  buildings,  some  of  them  very  ancient  and  other- 
wise remarkable,  are  the  town  house,  containing  the  Hanse 
hall,  the  Marienkirche,  and  other  quaint  old  churches,  the 
Katharineum  (a  school),  the  theatre,  and  the  public  hospitals 
and  asylums.  Lubeck  is  the  seat  of  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  cloth,  beer,  silks,  cottons,  linens,  hosiery,  tobacco, 
soap,  candles,  paper,  and  metallic  wares.  It  has  a  deep 
and  capacious  port,  and  a  large  trade  by  sea,  especially  in 
Baltic  produce  (tar,  timber,  hemp,  iron,  spirits,  copper, 
grain,  tallow,  and  provisions)  and  in  wine  from  France. 
The  town,  with  its  territory  (109  square  miles),  forms  a 
part  of  the  German  empire ;  but  the  local  government  is 
democratic.  The  territory  consists  of  numerous  small  de- 
tached parts,  mostly  not  remote  from  the  city.  Pop.  of  city, 
with  immediate  suburbs,  in  1880,  51,056;  in  1890,  63,590; 
of  all  the  territory,  76,485. 

liiibeck,  a  principality  of  Germany,  belonging  to  the 
grand  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  but  entirely  detached,  being 
bounded  by  Holstein  on  the  N.  and  W.,  by  the  territory 
of  the  city  of  Lubeck  on  the  S.,  and  by  an  arm  of  the 
Baltic  on  the  E.  Area,  200  square  miles.  Capital,  Eutin. 
Pop.  in  1890,  34,718. 

liU'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  near 
the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Liiben,  Prussian  Silesia.     See  Lauban. 

Lnbersac,  lil^bdR^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  CorrSze,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1418. 

liUbina,  loo^bee'nSh^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  Hither 
Danube,  co.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  2604. 

Lublana,  Austria.    See  Latbach. 

Lublau,  Id5b'15w  (Hun.  Lublo,  loo'blo^),  a  town  of 
North  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  the  Poprad,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Kesmark.     Pop.  2056. 

Lublin,  loo'blin,  a  government  of  Russian  Poland, 
having  E.  the  Russian  government  of  Volhynia,  S.  Galicia, 
W.  the  province  of  Radom,  and  N.  the  province  of  Siedlec. 
Area,  11,975  square  miles.  Pop.  738,426.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Wieprz,  Bug,  and  Vistula. 

liUblin,  loo'blin,  or  Lubelsk,  loo'bdlsk,  a  city  of  Po- 
land, capital  of  a  government,  on  the  Bistritza,  95  miles 
S.E.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  26,708.  It  wa«  formerly  fortified, 
and  has  a  citadel,  and  ruins  of  a  castle  built  by  Casimir 
the  Great.  Principal  edifices,  a  town  hall,  the  Sobieski 
Palace,  cathedral,  synagogue,  a  Piarist  college,  diocesan 
and  many  other  schools,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  an 
orphan  asylum,  and  a  theatre.  It  has  extensive  manu- 
factures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  in  which,  and  in  com  and 
Hungarian  wines,  it  has  a  considerable  trade. 

Lublinitz,  loob'le-nits\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  34 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Malz.     Pop.  2255. 

Lublo,  loo'blo,  or  New  Lublo  (Hun.  Uj-Lublo,  oo'e- 
loo'blo^ ;  Ger.  Neu-Lublau,  noi-loob'15w),  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, Hither  Theiss,  co.  of  Zips,  about  26  miles  N.  of  Leut- 
schau.     Pop.  1000. 

Lubna,  loob'ni,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Chru- 
dim,  about  10  miles  from  Leitomischl.     Pop.  1400. 

Lubnaig,  Loch,  Iok  liib^naig'  (the  "  Crooked  Lake"), 
a  lake  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Perth,  at  the  N.E.  base  of  Ben- 
ledi,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Callander.  It  is  formed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Teith,  which  expands  into  Lochs  Doine  and 
Voel. 

Lnbni,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Loobny. 

Luboml,  loo'bom'l,  a  market-town  of  Russian  Poland, 
in  Volhynia,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  2850. 

Lubrin,  loo-breen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  29 
miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.  Pop.  2200.  It  has  extensive  mines 
of  iron  and  ochre,  and  quarries  of  rock  crystal. 

Liibtheen,  lUb'tain,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hagenow.     P.  2247. 

Lfibz,  lUps,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the 
Elde,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parchim.     Pop.  2503. 

Luc,  or  Le  Luc,  l^h  liik  (anc.  Lu'cue  Augue'ti  ?),  a 
market-town  of  France,  department  of  Var,  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Draguignan.  In  its  vicinity  is  an  extensive  glass-  and 
crystal-factory.     Pop.  3148. 

Luca,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Lucca, 

Luca'do,  a  station  in  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Lucainena  de  las  Torres,  loo-ki-ni'ni  di  l&s  toB'- 
r5s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  25  miles  from  Almeria. 


LUC 


1705 


LOO 


Lu'can,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Dublin,  on  the 
Liffey,  and  on  the  Great  Southern  &  Western  Railway,  6J 
miles  W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  523. 

liU'can,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  14  miles  W.  of  London.  It  con- 
tains a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries,  flour-,  carding-,  and 
planing- mills,  an  ashery,  a  cheese-factory,  about  20  stores, 
6  hotels,  &c.,  and  has  an  extensive  export  trade  in  grain 
and  cattle.     Pop.  1000. 

Lucania,  the  ancient  name  of  Basilicata. 

Lu'cas,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chariton  River 
and  by  Whitebreast  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Des  Moines. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  groves  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  countjjr  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of  Iowa.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  tne  branches  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy 
Railroad,  which  connect  Chariton,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
with  Des  Moines,  the  state  capital,  Leon,  Osceola,  Alba,  and 
other  cities.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,388 ;  in  1 880, 14,530 ;  in  1890, 
14,563. 

Lucas,  a  northwestern  county  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Michigan  and  Lake  Erie,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Maumee  River, 
which  enters  Maumee  Bay  on  the  N.E.  border  of  the 
county,  and  is  drained  by  the  Ottawa  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  sugar-maple,  tulip-tree,  aah,  white  oak,  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
minerals  are  corniferous  limestone,  a  good  building-stone, 
and  water-limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Columbus, 
Hocking  Valley  &  Toledo,  Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinaw, 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Michigan  Central,  and 
other  railroads,  which  centre  at  Toledo,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  46,722;  in  1880,  67,377;  in  1890,  102,296. 

liUcas,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1429, 
exclusive  of  Iowa  City  and  Coralville. 

liUcas,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  of  Albia. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1320. 

liUcaS)  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  oo.,  Kansas. 

Lucas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  about  60  miles 
6.S.B.  of  Kansas  City. 

Lucas,  a  post- village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Monroe 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Lucas,  a  post-township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  5  miles  S.  of 
Knapp  Railroad  Station,  and  about  7  miles  W.  of  Menom- 
onee.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  lime.    Pop.  429. 

Lucas  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Lucas  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex. 

Lu'casville,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  10  miles  N.  of  Ports- 
mouth.    It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Lu<jay-Ie-Male,  lii^si'-l^h-mil,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Indre,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  ChUteauroux.     Pop.  1776. 

Lucayos.    See  Bahama  Islands. 

Luc'ca  (It.  pron.  look'k&;  Fr.  iMcques,  liik),  a  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Lucca,  on  the  Serchio,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pisa.  Pop.  21,287 ;  with  suburbs, 
68,204.  It  is  well  built  and  clean.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral, 
partly  of  the  eleventh  century,  containing  valuable  paint- 
ings and  some  curious  antiquities,  several  other  churches, 
mostly  built  of  Carrara  marble,  a  palace,  royal  lyoeum, 
with  a  library,  a  seminary  for  noble  ladies,  a  theatre,  bo- 
tanic garden,  aqueduct,  on  459  arches,  for  the  conveyance 
of  water  from  Monte  Pisano,  the  remains  of  a  Roman  am- 
phitheatre, and  many  public  fountains.  It  is  a  bishop's 
eee,  has  many  benevolent  institutions,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  industrious  cities  in  Italy,  having  manufactures  of 
Bilk  and  woollen  fabrics,  fez  caps,  and  paper,  and  an  active 
trade  in  olive  oil,  Ac.  First  an  Etruscan,  then  a  Ligurian 
town,  it  afterwards  became  a  Roman  municipium.  About 
the  end  of  the  sixth  century  it  fell  under  the  power  of  the 
Lombards,  from  whom  it  passed  to  the  emperors  of  Ger- 
many. In  1342  it  purchased  its  freedom  from  Charles  IV. 
and  became  a  republic.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in 
1799,  and  a  few  years  after  became  the  capital  of  a  princi- 
pality of  the  same  name,  erected  by  Napoleon  in  favor  of 
his  sister  Eliza.  Near  it  are  the  reputed  baths  of  Nero, 
and  11  miles  northward,  in  the  valley  of  the  Serchio,  are 

the  baths  of  Lucca,  a  summer  watering-place. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Lucchese,  luk-keez'  (It.  pron.  look-ki'si). 
108 


Lucca  (It.  Lucca,  Iook'k&,  or  Lucchete,  lock-kk'ak),  a 

Srovinoe  of  Central  Italy,  between  lat.  43°  45'  and  44°  T 
r.  and  Ion.  10°  12'  and  10°  42'  E.,  in  Tuscany,  bounded 
W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Genoa  and  Modena.  Area,  577  square 
miles.  Pop.  280,399.  It  occupies  the  central  valley 
of  the  Serchio,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  fertile 
regions  in  Italy.  Lucca  was  formerly  an  independent  state, 
but  was  ceded  to  Tuscany  in  October,  1847. 

Lucca,  look'ki,  a  village  of  Sicily,  province  of  Qir- 
genti,  between  Alessandria  and  Castronuovo.     Pop.  2228. 

Luce,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2381. 

Lucea,  loo-see' a,  a  village  of  Jamaica,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  CO.  of  Cornwall,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montego  Bay. 

Lucean,  lii^sS',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Calais.     Pop.  1133. 

Luce  (luss)  Bay,  a  broad  and  deep  inlet  of  the  Irish 
Sea,  S.W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown.  Breadth  at 
entrance,  18J  miles ;  at  the  head,  where  it  receives  the 
small  river  Luce,  about  7  miles  ;  length,  16^  miles. 

Lucena,  lu-se'na  or  loo-th&'n&  (anc.  Elisana  t),  a  city 
of  Spain,  Andalusia,  province  and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cor- 
dova. It  is  well  built,  has  several  squares,  wide,  clean, 
paved  streets,  with  handsome  edifices,  a  large  and  highly- 
decorated  church,  several  convents,  2  ladies'  colleges,  a  va- 
riety of  schools  and  benevolent  institutions,  a  town  house, 
a  prison,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  storehouse,  prom- 
enade, and  esteemed  medicinal  baths.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  fabrics,  shoes,  soap,  earthenware,  glass,  brandy, 
wine,  oil,  vinegar,  and  metallic  vessels.     Pop.  14,800. 

Lucena,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the  river  Lucena.    Pop.  1260. 

Lucenay  PEvSque,  lU^s^h-ni'  l^h-vik',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Sa&ne-et-Loire,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Autun. 

Lucenda,  loo-sSn'di,  a  considerable  town  of  South 
Africa,  territory  of  Cazembe,  on  the  W.  affluent  of  Lake 
Nyassa,  near  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion.  30°  E. 

Lucento,  loo-chfin'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  Turin, 
on  the  Dora  Ripaira.     Pop.  1246. 

Lucentum,  the  ancient  name  of  Alicante. 

Lucera,  loo-ohi'ri  (anc.  Luce'ria),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Foggia.  Pop.  14,014. 
It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  for- 
merly a  mosque,  a  bishop's  palace,  an  admirable  old  castle, 
a  royal  college,  and  a  fine  museum. 

Luc6ram,  lii^si^rdH',  or  Lucerame,  Ioo-ch&-r&'m&,  a 
village  of  France,  Alpes-Maritimes,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nice. 

Lucerna,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Luserna. 

Lucerne,  lu-s^rn'  (Fr.  pron.  lii^saiRn' ;  Ger.  Luzern  or 
Lueern,  loot-sjRn'),  a  city  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the 
canton  of  Lucerne,  and  one  of  the  three  seats  of  the  Swiss 
Diet,  on  the  Reuss,  where  it  issues  from  the  W.  extremity  of 
the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  25  miles  by  rail  S.S.  W.  of  Zurich.  Pop. 
17,850.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  enclosed  by  a  wall  and 
watch-towers,  and  well  built.  Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral 
and  other  fine  churches,  several  convents,  town  hall,  arse- 
nal with  ancient  armor,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  jail, 
theatre,  and  several  covered  bridges  adorned  with  ancient 
paintings.  Its  lyceum,  established  in  an  old  convent,  has 
attached  to  it  an  admirable  public  school.  In  a  garden 
outside  of  the  city  walls  is  a  monument  to  the  Swiss 
guards  who  fell  in  Paris  in  1792.  Lucerne  has  several  re- 
markable works  of  art,  also  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton 
fabrics  and  of  carriages,  and  one  of  the  largest  corn-mar- 
kets in  Switzerland.    See  Lake  op  Lucerne. 

Lucerne,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  near  its  centre. 
Area,  688  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1888,  135,360,  nearly  all 
Roman  Catholics.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  S.,  level  in 
the  N.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Principal  river,  th« 
Emmen.  The  canton  comprises  the  lakes  of  Sempaoh  and 
Baldegg;  those  of  Lucerne  and  Zug  form  part  of  its  E. 
limits.  A  small  surplus  of  corn  is  produced  annually; 
fruits  are  plentiful,  and  some  wine  is  made ;  but  the  chief 
branches  of  industry  are  cattle-rearing  and  dairy-husbandry. 
Lucerne  is  the  chief  of  the  Swiss  Roman  Catholic  cantons. 

Lucerne,  lu-s§rn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  about 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.     Here  is  a  church. 

Luces'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kiskiminetas,  29 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  J  mile  from  Alleghany  Junc- 
tion Station.     It  has  an  oil-refinery  and  a  coal-mine. 

Luchente,  loo-ohSn't&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
35  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  1121. 

Luchon,  a  town  of  France.  See  BagnJres-de-Lucho». 

Liichow,  lii'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Jetze.     Pop.  2602. 

Liichtringen,lUK'tring-§n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  We.ser.     Pop.  1518. 


LUC 


1706 


LUD 


Luciana,  Spain.    See  Hbrrbra  del  Duqub. 

liUciferi  Forum,  Spain.    See  San  Lucab  la  Mayor. 

Ijncignano,  loo-cheen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Florence,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Siena.     Pop.  4052. 

Lucillo,  loo-theel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Leon.     Pop.  520. 

Lu'cin,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  eo.,  Utah,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  120  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

Lucin'da  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  eo.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Lucito,  loo-chee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cam- 
pobasso,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Larino.     Pop.  2751. 

Luck,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Lootsk. 

Luck,  a  post-township  of  Polk  oo.,  Wis.  It  has  forests 
of  hard  timber  and  2  churches.     Pop.  453. 

Lucka,  ISok'ki,  a  town  of  Germany,  Saxe-Altenburg, 
near  Altenburg,  on  the  Schnauber.     Pop.  1321. 

Luckau,  ISo'kow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  on  the  Berste. 
Pop.  4842.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens, 
distilleries,  and  powder-mills. 

Luckenwalde,  ISSk'^n-MPd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Berlin  & 
Anhalt  Railway.  Pop.  13,816,  employed  in  wooUen-oloth- 
and  linen-factories,  tanneries,  iron-works,  breweries,  &o. 

Luck'ett,  a  station  in  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ebens- 
burg  &  Cresson  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Cresson. 

LuckUmpoor',  or  Lakhimpur,  liikMm-poor',  a  dis- 
trict of  Assam,  British  India,  bounded  N.  by  the  Luckim- 
poor  Hills,  and  S.  by  the  Brahmapootra.  Area,  3145  square 
miles.  Here  coal  is  found.  Capital,  Luokimpoor.  Pop. 
121,267.  The  Luckimpoor  Hills  are  a  tract  of  forest- 
region,  inhabited  by  wild  tribes,  scarcely  under  British  con- 
trol.    Area,  8343  square  miles. 

Luckimpoor,  a  town,  capital  of  the  Luckimpoor  dis- 
trict, Assam.     Lat.  27°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  3'  E. 

Lucknow,  or  Lakhnau,  liik'nSw^  (Hin.  Laksmana- 
vate),  a  city  of  India,  in  Oude,  580  miles  W.N.W.  of  Calcutta, 
lat.  26°  53'  N.,  Ion.  80°  58'  E.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Goomty,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  10  irregular, 
pointed  arches,  and  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  The  river  is 
navigable  for  large  boats  from  its  junction  with  the  Ganges 
to  a  considerable  distance  up  the  country.  Lucknow  is  an 
important  railway  junction,  and  has  a  picturesque  appear- 
ance from  a  distance,  with  its  innumerahlo  minarets,  gilded 
cupolas,  and  brilliantly-colored  sep/ulchres  and  mosques, 
but  fails  to  realize,  on  near  inspection,  the  promises  of  the 
remote  view.  It  may  be  said  to  be  divided  into  two  por- 
tions,— the  court  end,  and  the  bazaar  or  mercantile  section. 
The  streets  are  narrow,  and  the  houses  generally  mean;  but 
in  the  better  quarter  the  buildings  are  handsome,  and  the 
iitreets  broad.  In  the  principal  street  is  a  lofty  portal,  or- 
namented with  many  small  towers ;  and  at  the  farther  ex- 
tremity is  the  Imaum  Barra.  There  are,  besides,  many 
stately  khans,  and  handsome  mosques  and  pagodas,  in  va- 
rious parts  of  the  city,  and  not  a  few  of  them  in  the  meanest 
and  most  wretched  quarters.  With  the  exception,  however, 
of  the  royal  tombs,  and  the  Imaum  Barra,  a  beautiful  struc- 
ture, the  principal  edifices  of  the  city  are  all  of  modern 
construction.  The  scenery  around  the  city  is  very  pleasing, 
especially  along  the  banks  of  the  Goomty.  The  river  here 
exhibits  a  scene  of  great  activity,  small  barques  and  boats 
rowing  to  and  fro  in  ceaseless  succession.  Between  the  city 
and  the  decaying  country-seat  Constantia  is  the  Delkusha 
Park,  with  an  extensive  menagerie.  Lucknow  was  long 
the  capital  of  Oude.  It  is  renowned  for  its  siege  and  de- 
fence against  the  Sepoys  in  1857.     Pop.  (1891)  273,028. 

LuckuoAV,  or  Lakhnau,  a  division  or  commissioner- 
ship  of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  in  Oude,  comprising 
the  districts  of  Lucknow,  Oonas,  and  Bara  Banki.  Area, 
4441  square  miles.  Capital,  Lucknow.  Pop.  2,838,106. 
Lucknow  district  has  an  area  of  977  square  miles,  and  a 
pop.  of  778,195. 

liUck'now,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kin- 
cardine. It  contains  about  15  stores,  2  hotels,  a  cloth- 
factory,  a  carding-  and  fulling-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  800. 

Luck^pnt',  Lak'hpat,  Itik'h^put',  or  Luck^put' 
Bun'der,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  Cutch,  on  the  Koree 
or  East  Branch  of  the  Indus,  here  200  yards  across,  and 
only  4  feet  deep.  Pop.  5000,  mostly  Hindoo  traders.  It 
stands  on  elevated  ground,  and  has  irregular  bastioned  walls. 
It  is  a  very  sickly  place. 

Lucky  Queen,  a  post-office  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon. 

Luco,  loo'ko  (anc.  Lucio  ?),  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
«f  Aquila,  5  miles  S.  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  3238. 


Lucoli,  loo-ko'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2299. 

Lupon,  lU^siN"'  (anc.  Lucua?),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vendue,  17  miles  W.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte,  about  8  miles 
from  the  sea,  to  which  it  is  united  by  a  canal,  10  miles  in 
length.     Pop.  6026.     It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manu 
factures  of  cutlery,  linen,  oil,  liqueurs,  and  porcelain. 

Lu^on,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands.     See  Luzon 

Lucques,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Ldcca. 

Lucus  Asturum,  an  ancient  name  of  Oviedo. 

Lucus  Augusti,  the  ancient  name  of  Lugo. 

Lu'cy,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Padacab 
&,  Memphis  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Lucyn,  the  Polish  name  of  Lyootsin. 

Luczko,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Saatz. 

Ludd,  lad  (anc.  Lyd'da  or  Bios'polia),  a  village  of 
Palestine,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Ramleh,  with  a  decayed  church. 

Ludda  Islands.    See  Lada  Islands. 

Lud'denden  Foot,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  3i  miles  W.  of  Halifax,  on  the  Manchester  & 
Leeds  Railway.     Pop.  2963. 

Lnde,  or  Le  Lude,  l^h  lUd  (anc.  Luaduvif),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Sarthe,  on  the  Loir,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  La  Fleche.     Pop.  2720.     It  has  a  castle. 

Ltidenscheid,  lU'd^n-shite^  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 23  miles  S.W.  of  Arnsberg.  Pop.  7546.  It  has 
factories  of  cutlery,  brass-  and  iron-wares,  and  cotton  and 
woollen  goods. 

Liidinghansen,  lii'ding-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
Westphalia,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Munster.     Pop.  2187. 

Lud'ington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Marquette  River, 
137  miles  W.  by  N.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  about  54  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Muskegon.  It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Flint 
&  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  and  has  2  banks,  4  churches, 
2  foundries,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  planing-mill,  and  7  mills 
for  lumber  and  shingles.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.     Pop.  in  1890,  7517. 

Lud'ingtonvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Liiditz,  lii'dits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  56  miles  W.  of 
Prague.     Pop.  1800.     Near  it  are  mines  of  iron  and  zinc. 

LudMow,  liid'l5,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Corve  and  Teme,  25  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Shrewsbury.  It  is  finely  situated  on  an  eminence  in  a 
fertile  district.  There  are  some  traces  of  walls  erected  in 
the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  magnificent  remains  of  a  castle^ 
Mortimer's  chapel,  the  noble  state  apartments  of  the  lorda 
presidents  of  the  marches,  with  several  towers,  a  very  fine 
church,  a  grammar-school  founded  by  Edward  IV.,  assem- 
bly-rooms, theatre,  and  library.  The  borough  sends  a 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  6203. 

Lud'low,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  in  Lud- 
low township,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Champaign.  It  has  S 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop.  in  1890, 
298 ;  of  the  township,  1152. 

Ludlow,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

Ludlow,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Ludlow  township, 
Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1015. 

Ludlow,  a  post-town  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohia 
River,  below  Covington  and  opposite  Cincinnati.  It  is  nearly 
surrounded  by  high  hills,  and  is  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroad.  A  fine  railroad  bridge  of  iron  here  crosses  the 
river.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
5  churches.  Many  merchants  who  do  business  in  Cincin- 
nati reside  here.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Ludlow,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  about  S 
miles  N.W.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  371. 

Ludlow,  or  Jenks'Tille,  a  post-village  in  Ludlow 
township,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  A 
Northeastern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  crashes,  grain-bags,  &a. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.  by  Chicopee  River.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  1939.     See  Ludlow  Centre. 

Ludlow,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  about  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson. 

Ludlow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Ludlow,  Miami  co.,  0.     See  Georgetown. 

Ludlow,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  1082 

LudlOAV,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Warren.  It 
has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  planing-mill. 

Ludlow,  a  post-village  in  Ludlow  township,  Windsor 


LUD 


1707 


LUL 


00.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Butland  division  of  the 
Vermont  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  3  or  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  woollen  goods,  toys, 
whetstones,  and  machinery.  The  township  has  5  churches. 
Pop.  in  1S90,  1081 ;  of  the  township,  1768. 

Ludlow,  a  post-settlement  in  Northumberland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Miramiohi,  51 
miles  from  Fredericton.     Pop.  100. 

Itudlow  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Ludlow  township,  2  miles  from  Ludlow  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

liUdiOAV  City,  a  small  village  in  Ludlow  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.  It  has  water-power  and  some  small 
manufactories. 

liudlow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cleveland, 
Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  starch  and  tobacco. 

liUd'low's,  a  station  in  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
diana North  &  South  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Veedersburg. 

liUd'lowville,  a  post-village  in  Lansing  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  Creek,  and  near  Ludlow- 
ville  Station  on  the  Cayuga  Lake  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of 
Ithaca,  and  about  1  mile  B.  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  376. 

Lud'ville,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Qa. 

Liud'wick,  a  borough  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hempfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about 
28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  i  mile  from  Greensburg. 
It  has  a  church,  2  planing-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  533. 

Ludwigsburg,  lood'wigs-biirg  or  lood'^iGs-b55E6^,  a 
city  of  Wiirtemberg,  1  mile  W.  of  the  Neckar,  and  9  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  14,709.  The  chief  edifice  is  its 
vast  palace,  one  of  the  finest  in  Germany,  with  a  gallery  of 
paintings  and  spacious  gardens.  It  has  several  churches, 
an  arsenal,  theatre,  military  school,  lyceum,  orphan  asylum, 
workhouse,  an  institution  for  poor  children,  a  cannon- 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen 
fabrics,  earthenware,  buttons,  leather,  needles,  and  jewelry. 

liUdwig's  Canal,  Bavaria,  unites  the  Altmiihl  with 
the  Regnitz.     See  ALTMtfHL. 

Ludwigshafen,  lood'^ias-hi^f^n,  a  fortified  town  of 
Bavaria,  oi\  the  Rhine,  opposite  Mannheim,  at  a  railway 
junction.  An  iron  railway  bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 
Pop.  12,093.     It  is  a  seat  of  commerce. 

liUdwigslast,  lood'^iGs-15ost\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  21  miles  B.  of  Schwerin,  on  the 
Hamburg  &  Berlin  Railway.  Pop.  6005.  Its  fine  palace 
was,  till  1837,  the  usual  residence  of  the  grand  duke.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cards,  papier-mach6,  and  tobacco. 

Ludwigstadt,  lood'-ft^ies-stitt*,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  39 
miles  N.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1558. 

Luel'la,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co,,  Iowa. 

Luella,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Neb, 

Lnesia,  loo-i'se-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  60  miles 
from  Saragossa,  on  the  Arba  de  Luesia,     Pop.  1500. 

liQga,  Russia.     See  Looga. 

Lugagnano,  loo-gin-ya'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
S.E.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Arda.     Pop.  of  commune,  4341, 

Lugan,  Lugansk,  or  Lugansko^,    See  Loooait. 

liUgano,  loo-gi'no,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  one  of  the 
three  capitals  of  the  canton  of  Ticino,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
Lake  of  Lugano,  16  miles  S.  of  Bellinzona.  Pop.  6024,  It 
is  picturesquely  situated,  and  has  two  churches,  with  good 
paintings,  a  large  theatre,  manufactures  of  silks,  leather, 
and  iron  goods,  and  various  printing-  and  bookselling-estab- 
lishments, and  it  is  an  entrep&t  of  the  trade  between  Italy 
and  Switzerland.  Near  it  are  numerous  grottos.  See 
Lago  di  Lugano. 

Lnganskaia  Stanitza.  See  Looganskaia  Stanitza. 

Lu'gar,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  near  Anohin- 
leck.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1379. 

Lugar  de  San  Juan,  Spain.    See  Palmar. 

Lugau,  loo'gow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  E,  of  Lich- 
tenstein,  with  quarries  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  2382. 

liUgde,  lSog'd§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  27 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Emmer.  Pop.  2448.  It 
has  paper-mills  and  mineral  springs. 

Lugdunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Lyons. 

liUgduuum  Batavorum,  Netherlands.    See  Letden. 

JLugg,  a  river  of  England  and  Wales,  rises  in  the  co.  of 
Radnor,  flows  E.S.E.  for  about  50  miles,  and  joins  the  Wye 
5  miles  below  Hereford. 

Lnghman,  Itig^m&n',  or  Lamghan,  l&m^g&n',  a  dis- 
trict in  the  N.E.  of  Afghanistan,  lat,  34°  25'  to  35°  N,,' 
ion.  70°  to  70°  40'  E. 


Lngny,  lUn^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sadne-et-Loir«^ 
11  miles  N.  of  Macon.     Pop.  1330. 

Lugo,  loo'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Ravenna.  Pop.  24,895.  It  is  important  as  a 
place  of  trade,  and  has  a  large  annual  fair. 

Lugo,  loo'go  (ano.  Lu'cua  Augut'ti),  a  city  of  Spain, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Lugo,  on  the  Minho,  48  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Santiago.  Pop.  21,298.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  large  square,  surrounded  by  arcades,  a  Gothio 
cathedral  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  and  stockings.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Logo,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Atlantic,  between  Ion.  6°  52'  and  8°  4'  W.  Area,  3484 
square  miles.     Pop.  474,286.     Capital,  Lugo. 

Lngos,  loo'gosh*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  oo. 
of  Krasso,  35  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Temesvar.  The  river 
Temes  divides  it  into  two  towns,  called  German  and  Wal- 
lachian  Lugos.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  an  active  trade, 
and  is  the  see  of  Greek  and  Latin  bishops.     Pop.  8304. 

liUgrin,  loo-green',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1529. 

Lugnvallum,  or  Lnguvallio.     See  Carlisle. 

Luhatschowitz,  loo^hit-sho'^^its,  a  village  of  Mo 
ravia,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hradisch.     Pop.  900. 

Liuhu,  a  town  of  Celebes.    See  Loehoe. 

Luik,  or  Lnikeland,  Belgium.    See  Liege. 

Ln'ing,  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  on  its  W. 
coast,  separated  from  Seil  Island  on  the  N.  by  a  strait 
about  300  yards  in  width.     Length,  7i  miles.     Pop.  582. 

Luino,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Luvino. 

Lnirbost,  or  Lenrbost,  Ittr'bSst,  a  village  of  Scot- 
land, on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Lewis,  at  the  head  of 
Loch  Lnirbost,  an  inlet  of  the  sea.     Pop.  537. 

Luis  de  la  Paz,  loo-ees'  dk  1&  p&s,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
near  the  E.  frontiers  of  Guanajuato,  and  about  36  milee 
N.N.W.  of  Queretaro,  with  productive  silver-mines. 

Lniz-Alves,  loo-ees'-&l'v2s,  Manoel-Alves,  m&-no- 
Sl'-il'v5s,  or  Meridional,  mi-re-de-o-nS,r,  a  river  of 
Brazil,  rises  in  the  Sierra  do  Duro,  province  of  Goyaz, 
and  joins  the  Tocantins  in  about  lat.  9°  20'  S.  Its  whole 
course  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

liiyan,  or  Lnxan,  loo-B&n',  a  river  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  joins  the  Plata  estuary  from  the  W.,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

liiuan,  or  Lnxan,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, province  and  45  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 
Pop.  3393. 

Ligar,  or  Lnxar,  loo-naR',  a  village  of  Spain,  Anda- 
lusia, 40  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1023. 

Lnka,  loo'k&,  and  Lnkhoki,  loo-ko'kee,  two  towns 
of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Chenaub  Rivers,  on 
the  route  from  Ferozepoor  to  Mooltan. 

Lukawetz,  loo'kft-^fits,  or  Lnkawice,  loo^ki-*eet'- 
si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from  Reichenau.  Pop.  1200. 

Lukelingo,  a  town  of  Eastern  Africa.     See  Quiloa. 

Lnkens,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.    See  West  Point. 

Lnkfata,  luk-fa-tah',  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw 
Nation,  Indian  Territory,  100  miles  from  Caddo  Station  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  It  has  3  ohuruhex 
and  an  academy. 

Lnkhoki,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Lcka. 

Lu-Kiang,  a  river  of  Thibet.    See  Loo-Eiang. 

Lnkianow,  or  Lukojanow.    See  Lookianov. 

Lnkin,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  111.     Pop.  1755. 

Lnkisi,  lu-kee'see,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Bceotia,  on 
the  Euripus,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Thebes.  Near  it  are  Tea- 
tiges  of  the  ancient  Aiithedon. 

Luk'kee^  Mountains,  a  considerable  range  in  Sinde, 
connected  with  the  Hala  Mountains  of  Beloochistan ;  high- 
est parts,  about  1000  feet. 

Lnkkee,  Northern,  a  town  of  Sinde,  in  ruins,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Lukkee,  Sottthern,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus, 
near  the  entrance  of  the  Lukkee  Pass,  S.  of  Sehwan. 

Lukov,  loo'kof,  a  town  of  Poland,  provinoe  and  17 
miles  S.  of  Siedleo.     Pop.  3586,  comprising  many  Jews. 

Lnla,  loo'l&,  or  Lnvula,  loo-voo'l&,  a  village  on  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  division  of  Sassari.     Pop.  1518. 

Ln'Ia,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  parish.  La.  It  has  a 
steam  saw-mill  and  a  store. 

Lnla,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.  of 
Keysville  Station. 

Lu'lahy  or  LongView',  a  post- village  of  Banks  cu., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Lulah  Junction.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam 
saw-mills. 

Lulah  (or  Lnla)  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Hall  oo.. 


LUL 


1708 


LUN 


€(a.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Riohmond  Air-Lino  BAilroad,  where 
it  joins  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Lu'laton,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick <fc  Albany  Railroad. 

Lule&y  loo'le-o,  a  navigable  river  of  North  Sweden, 
Isen  of  Norrbotten,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Tornea,  after  a  S.  course  of  200  miles. 

Ijnle&,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Norrbotten,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Lulei-EIf  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  62  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Torneft.  The  town  has  a  good  harbor,  at  which 
some  trade  is  carried  on,  and  steamers  call  in  passing  be- 
tween Stockholm  and  Tornei.     Pop.  2702. 

liU'ling,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  parish.  La.,  on  the 
New  Orleans  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  New  Or- 
leans. 

Luling,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  San 
Marcos  River,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  A  San  An- 
tonio Railroad,  71  miles  W.  of  Columbus,  and  11  miles  E. 
of  Kingsbury.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  2  steam  grist-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  P.  (1890)  1792. 

liUlIeeana,  lul-lee-&'n&,  a  village  of  India,  20  miles 
S.  of  Lahore. 

JLullin,  lool-leen',  a  village  af  France,  in  Savoy,  10 
miles  from  Thonon.     Pop.  1094. 

Lurintpoor',  or  Lalatpnr,  lariut-poor',  a  town  of 
British  India,  capital  of  Lullutpoor  district,  65  miles  S.  of 
Jhansee.     Pop.  9258. 

Ijullutpoor)  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Bundelcund, 
and  in  the  Jhansee  division,  North-West  Provinces.  Area, 
1947  square  miles.     Capital,  Lullutpoor.     Pop.  212,661. 

Lnll'worth  Cove,  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  a  deep  and 
narrow  inlet  of  the  sea,  16  miles  W.  of  Swanage,  surrounded 
by  lofty  cliffs,  with  21  feet  of  water  at  low  tide. 

Lu'lu,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.  Kansas,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Beloit.     Pop.  of  Lulu  township,  323. 

Lnlu,  a  post-office  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lumarso,  loo-maK'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  near  Cicagna.     Pop.  of  commune,  3173. 

Lum'ber,  a  township  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  674. 

Lum'ber  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C., 
in  Lumber  Bridge  township,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fayette- 
ville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1076. 

Lumber  City,  a  post-village  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Oomulgee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Ocmulgee,  and 
on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  93  miles  S.E.  of 
Macon.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a  trade  in  lumber. 

Lumber  City,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Penn  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  about  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  Pine  lumber 
is  procured  here.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  foun- 
dry, a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lum'berland,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  River.  It  has  flagstone-quarries,  and  con- 
tains Mongaup  and  Pond  Eddy.     Pop.  1188. 

Lum'berport,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lum'ber  River,  North  Carolina,  forms  the  N.E. 
boundary  of  Richmond  co.,  and  runs  southeastward  through 
Robeson  co.  It  finally  flows  sonthwestward,  and  unites 
with  the  Little  Pedee  on  the  E.  border  of  Marion  oo.,  S.C. 
It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Lum'berton,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Lumberton  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Ranoocas 
Creek,  and  on  the  Mount  Holly  &  Medford  Branch  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.  of  Mount  Holly.  Sloops  can  ascend  the  creek 
to  this  place.  It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-foundry.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1799. 

Lumberton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Robeson  oo., 
N.C.,  in  Lumberton  township,  on  or  near  the  Lumber  River, 
and  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  68  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Wilmington.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  pine  lumber  and 
turpentine,  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  615;  of  the  township,  1339. 

Lumberton,  a  post- village  in  Liberty  township,  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  Anderson's  Fork,  8  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  quarry  of  blue  limestone. 

Lnm'berville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lumberville,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Sole- 
bury  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  33  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  2  basket-factories,  and  a  sash-  and 
door-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lumber  Yard,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  several  of  iti 
branches  in  the  Lehigh  coal  region,  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Easton,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Eckley. 

Lumbier,  loom-be-aiR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2000. 

Lumbrales,  loom-br4'l5s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  2668. 

Lumbreras,  loom-bri'ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  28  miles  S.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  1300. 

Lumencha,  loo-mSn'chi,  a  small  island  of  Spain,  in 
the  Bay  of  Biscay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  port  of  Lequeitio. 

Lumezzane,  loo-mdt-s&'n&,  two  contiguous  villages 
of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles  N.  of  Brescia.    United  pop.  4006. 

Lumfiord,  Denmark.    See  Ltu-Fiord. 

Lum'Iey,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
River  aux  Sables,  13  miles  S.  of  Seaforth.     Pop.  200. 

Lummen,  lum'm^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1710. 

Lummi,  lum'm^,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Lummi  River,  Washington,  a  large,  deep,  and  rapid 
river,  rises  in  the  Cascade  Range,  in  Whatcom  oo.,  runs 
westward,  and  enters  Bellingham  Bay. 

Lum'misville,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y. 

Lump'kin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  267  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ches- 
tatee  and  Etowah  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it  and  run  south- 
ward. The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  N.W.  border. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  &o.  Among  its  minerals 
are  gold,  granite,  and  iron  ore.  Capital,  Dahlonega.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6161;  in  1880,  6626;  in  1890,  6867. 

Lumpkin,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Oroville. 

Lumpkin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga., 
22  miles  N.  of  Cuthbert,  and  about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Co- 
lumbus. It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
a  mEisonic  female  college,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
buggies,  and  flour.     Pop.  778. 

Lumpkin's  Creek,  Georgia,  enters  Flint  River  in 
Dooly  CO. 

Lum's,  a  station  in  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the  Vicks- 
burg,  Shreveport  <k  Texas  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Delta. 

Luna,  an  ancient  name  of  Loinq. 

Luna,  loo'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  35  miles  from 
Saragossa.     Pop.  1482. 

Lunse  Portns.    See  Bay  of  Spezia. 

Lu'na  Land'ing,  a  post-village  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  26  miles  S.  of  Chicot  City.  It  has 
a  church.     Cotton  and  other  products  are  shipped  here. 

Lunas,  lii^n&s',  a  village  of  France,  in  H^rault,  7  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Lod6ve.     Pop.  1303. 

Lunati,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ldnel. 

Lunawanra,  or  Lunawara,  loo^ni-wah'r^,,  one  of 
the  native  Rewakanta  states  of  Guzerat,  India,  about  lat. 
22°  60'-23°  16'  N.,  Ion.  73°  21'-73°  47'  E.  It  is  under 
British  protection.     Area,  389  square  miles.     Pop.  74,813. 

Lunay,  lii^ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  6 
miles  W.  of  Vend&me.     Pop.  1693. 

Lun'carty,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  3^  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Perth,  noted  for  the  Danish  defeat  of  990. 

Lund,  loond,  a  city  of  Sweden,  laen  of  MalmS,  in  an 
extensive  plain,  about  8  miles  from  the  Sound,  at  a  railway 
junction,  24  miles  E.  of  Copenhagen.  It  is  a  very  ancient 
place,  and  in  pagan  times  had  risen  to  such  importance  as 
to  collect  a  population  of  80,000.  It  was  then  surrounded 
with  wooden  fortifications,  and  had  its  warehouses  filled 
with  merchandise  and  treasures.  The  Scandinavian  mon- 
archs  were  elected  kings  of  Scania  on  a  hill  in  the  vicinity. 
Before  the  Reformation  it  contained  21  churches  and  6 
monasteries.  It  has  now  only  3  churches,— one  of  them  a 
cathedral,  a  large,  irregular  structure  of  very  ancient  date. 
It  is  a  Lutheran  bishop's  see.  But  the  great  attraction  of 
Lund  is  its  university,  opened  in  1479,  occupying  the  build- 
ings of  an  old  castle,  and  possessed  of  a  library  of  100,000 
volumes  and  manuscripts,  an  observatory,  a  museum,  a  phys- 
ical cabinet,  &c.,  and  attended  by  676  students.  Other  ob- 
jects deserving  of  notice  are  the  botanical  garden,  and  the 
Nosocomium,  or  infirmary.     Pop.  (1893)  15,228. 

Lund,  lund,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  136. 

Lund,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  256.  It 
contains  Lake  Christine  and  some  smaller  lakes. 

Lunden,  loon'd^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  67 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Hamburg. 

Lundenburg,  166n'd§n-b65RG\  Bredslawa,  brfid- 
slS,'<fri,  or  Braczlaw,  brits'liv,  a  town  of  Moravia,  38 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Brunn,  on  the  Taja.     Pop.  3673. 


LUN 


1709 


LUR 


Lnnd'S}  a  station  in  Du  Page  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Aurora. 

Lundye^  IflnMi',  a  river  of  India,  and  a  principal  trib- 
utary of  the  Cabool  River,  which  it  joins  from  the  N.,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Peshawer. 

Lun'dy  Isle,  England,  co.  of  Devon,  in  the  entrance 
of  the  Bristol  Channel,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartland  Point. 
Area,  920  acres.  It  is  defended  by  a  lofty  rampart  of  rocks, 
except  at  one  narrow  opening  on  its  E.  side.  It  has  alight- 
house.     It  was  anciently  a  stronghold  of  pirates.     Pop.  144. 

Lun'dy's  Lane,  or  Wells'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Erie  co.,  Pa,,  in  Elk  Creek  township,  2  miles  E.  of  Albion, 
and  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Erie  City.  The  name  of  its 
post-ofi&ce  is  Lundy's  Lane.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Lundy's  Lane,  a  locality  near  Drummondville,  Onta- 
rio, the  scene  of  a  severe  battle  and  British  defeat  in  1814. 

Lune,  a  river  of  England,  enters  the  Irish  Sea  at  Sun- 
derland Point  by  a  broad  estuary.  Length,  50  miles.  It 
is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Lancaster. 

Liinebarg,  lu'neh-bfirg  or  lii'n9h-b5SRG\  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  capital  of  a  landdrostei,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Ilmenau,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  68  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hanover.  Pop.  17,532.  It  communicates  across 
the  river  by  7  bridges,  and  has  several  squares,  but  is  in  gen- 
eral ill  built  and  old-fashioned.  It  has  an  extensive  library, 
a  castle,  arsenal,  town  hall,  theatre,  gymnasium,  military 
academy,  hospitals,  and  several  benevolent,  educational, 
and  literary  institutions.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen, 
linen,  and  cotton  stuffs,  and  soap,  and  an  active  transit  trade 
between  Hamburg  and  the  interior  of  Germany. 

Liineliurg,  a  district  or  landdrostei  of  Prussia,  forming 
the  E.  portion  of  Hanover.  Area,  4488  square  miles.  It 
is  a  sandy  plain,  with  much  heath  and  some  forest  land. 
There  are  tracts  of  excellent  ground,  and  the  waste  lands 
afford  pasturage  for  cattle,  sheep,  and  bees,  which  last  are 
largely  kept.     Capital,  LUneburg.     Pop.  386,714. 

Lunel,  lii^nfil'  (anc.  Lunati  f),  a  town  of  France,  in 
H6rault,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont- 
pellier,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Vidourle,  and  on  the  Canal 
of  Lunel.  It  has  a  communal  college,  numerous  brandy- 
distilleries,  and  an  active  trade  in  wine  and  raisins.  In  the 
tenth  century  Lunel  was  a  place  of  strength,  and  almost 
entirely  inhabited  by  Jews,  whose  celebrated  rabbi  Sol- 
omon Jarchi  had  here  a  famous  synagogue.  Its  fortifica- 
tions were  razed  in  1632  by  Cardinal  Richelieu.     P.  8024. 

Liinen,  lii'n§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Lippe.  Pop.  3134.  It  has 
manufactures  of  tobacco  and  woollen. 

Lu'nenbarg,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  of  Virginia,  having 
the  river  Nottoway  on  the  N.  and  the  Meherrin  on  the  S. 
Area,  429  square  miles.  It  is  fertile,  with  an  undulating 
surface.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  and  tobacco  are  leading 
products.  The  S.W.  corner  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond 
&  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Lunenberg  Court-House. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,403;  in  1880,  11,535;  in  1890,  11,372. 

Lnnenbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co..  Ark.,  7  miles 
N.  of  White  River,  and  about  5  miles  S.  of  Melbourne.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Lunenburg,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  4i  miles  E.  of  Fitchburg,  and  42 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship has  a  station  (Lunenburg)  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1153. 

Lunenburg,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Yt.,  about  84  miles  E.  of  Burlington,  and  2^ 
miles  from  Lunenburg  Station,  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E,  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  has  a 
pop.  of  999.  Lunenburg  Station  on  the  White  Mountains 
Railroad  is  on  the  New  Hampshire  side  of  the  river,  about 
8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster. 

Lunenburg,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordered  on  the 
S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  1115  square  miles.  The 
soil  is  good,  and  the  climate  very  fine.  The  inhabitants, 
chiefly  of  German  extraction,  are  engaged  in  farming  and 
fishing.     Capital,  Lunenburg.     Pop.  23,834. 

Lunenburg,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  oc,  Ontario,  4 
miles  N.  of  Dickinson's  Landing.  It  contains  5  stores  and 
an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  260, 

Lunenburg,  or  Mal^aguash',  a  seaport  town  of 
Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  Lunenburg  co,,  on  a  fine  bay  of  its 
own  name  opening  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  68  miles  W.S,W. 
of  Halifax.  The  harbor  afibrds  good  anchorage,  and  at  its 
entrance  are  2  light-houses.  Lunenburg  owns  a  large  fleet  of 
vessels,  fitted  out  for  the  fishery  on  the  coast  of  Labrador, 
A  large  trade  is  done  with  the  West  Indies.    The  town 


contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  about  15  stores, 
3  hotels,  several  mills  and  ship-yards,  Ac.     Pop.  1500. 

Lunenburg  Court-House, or  Lew'iston,a  poet- 
village,  capital  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about  60  milet 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lun^ville,  lu'ne-vU  or  lii^n&Veel'  (anc.  Mortanat),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Menrthe-et-Moselle,  near  the 
junction  of  the  Vezousewith  the  Meurthe,  22  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Nancy.  It  has  generally  straight  streets  and  regu- 
lar buildings,  a  modern  and  handsome  church,  and  a  palace 
built  by  Leopold,  Duke  of  Lorraine,  and  subsequently  em- 
bellished and  occupied  by  Stanislaus,  ex-king  of  Poland. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  worsted  goods,  em- 
broidery, hosiery,  leather,  gloves,  pottery,  Ac.  The  trade 
is  in  wine,  brandy,  hemp,  grain,  flax,  wood,  and  embroidery. 
Lun6ville  possesses  a  court  of  first  resort  and  a  communal 
college,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  cavalry  stations  in  France, 
having  very  extensive  barracks.     Pop.  15,878, 

Lun'ga,  an  islet  off  the  W,  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  i  mile  N.  of  Scarba.  The  strait  between  these 
islands  is  remarkable  for  the  violence  of  its  current. 

Lunga,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.    See  Isola  Grossa. 

Lu-Ngan,  a  city  of  China.    See  Loo-Nsak. 

Lungern,  155n'gh§m,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Unterwalden,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Sarnen.  Pop.  1541.  It 
is  near  the  Lake  of  Lungern,  in  part  drained  by  a  tunnel. 

Lung>Kiang,  liing^-ke-ing'  or  loong^-ke-ing',  a  river 
of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  after  a  tortuous  S.E. 
course  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Hong-Kiang. 

Lungro,  loon'gro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  5724. 

Lnngwitz,  156ng'^its  (Upper),  a  village  of  Saxony, 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  4725. 

Luni,  loo'nee  (anc.  Lu'na  t),  a  ruined  city  of  Northern 
Italy,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Sarzana. 

Lu'ni,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  on  Boone 
River,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Algona. 

Lnnn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn. 

Lunzenau,  155nt'sQh-n8w\  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Mulde,  12  miles  N.W,  of  Chemnitz.    Pop.  3098. 

Lupia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lecce, 

Lupsa,  loop'sh5h\  a  town  of  Transylvania,  27  miles 
N.W.  of  Karlsburg.     It  has  6  Greek  churches.     Pop.  2474. 

Luque,  loo'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles 
S.E,  of  Cordova.    Pop.  3964. 

Lu'ra,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles  N. 
of  Bunker  Hill. 

Lura,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  724. 
See  Lyra. 

Lurago,  loo-r&'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Como, 
6  miles  S.  of  Erba.     Pop.  1243. 

Luras,  loo'r&s,  or  Lauras,  ISw'r&s,  a  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  N.E.  of  Tempio.     Pop.  2015. 

Lurate-Abate,  loo-r&'t4-&-b&'t&,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Milan,  9  miles  E.  of  Como.     Pop.  of  commune,  2845. 

Ln'raville,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  15 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Live  Oak.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Luray,  lu-rS',  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  about 

9  miles  S.  of  Muncie. 

Luray,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Mo.,  24  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  246. 

Luray,  a  post-village  and  pleasure  resort,  the  capital 
of  Page  CO.,  Va,,  in  a  fertile  valley  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  90  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond, and  61  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
It  has  8  churches,  3  academies,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tan- 
nery, and  3  newspaper  offices.  Here  are  the  famous  Luray 
Caverns.     Pop.  in  1890,  2809. 

Lurcy  le  Bourg,  liiR^see'  l^h  booR,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nidvre,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Cosne.     Pop.  1205. 

Lurcy  Levy,  lilR^see'  l^h-vee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
AUier,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1665. 

Lure,  liiR  (anc.  Lutera  t),  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sadne,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on  the  Ognon,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vesoul.  Pop.  3869.  It  has  a  oommunaJ  college, 
tanneries,  foundries,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and 
fire-engines. 

Lur'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  16  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Armagh.  Pop.  10,632.  It  has  a  handsome  parish 
church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  court-house,  bridewell, 
workhouse,  3  branch  banks,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
linens  and  muslins. 

Lur'gan,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1326. 

Lnr'gan,  or  AI'ma,  also  called  Pine  River,  a  post- 
village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles  N.  of  Goderioh,  and 

10  miles  S.W.  of  Kincardine.     Pop.  100. 


LUR 


1710 


LUX 


Liiri,  loo'ree,  a  market-town  of  Corsica,  13  miles  N.  of 
Bastia.     Pop.  1194. 

Luristau,  a  district  of  Persia.     See  Looristan. 

Lur'ky,  a  township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1167. 

Luro,  loo'ro,  a  river  and  small  town  of  European  Tur- 
key. The  river  enters  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  after  a  S.  course 
of  40  miles.     The  town  is  6  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Larroo,  IQr'roo,  or  DurroOj  dur'roo,  a  town  of  Cash- 
mere, 8  miles  S.  of  Islamabad. 

Lus,  a  province  of  Beloochistan.     See  Loos. 

Lusatia,  lu-s4'she-a  {Ger.  Lauaitz,  ISw'zits;  Ft.  Lu- 
eaee,  lii^ziss'),  an  ancient  territory  of  Germany,  divided 
into  the  margraviates  of  Upper  Lusatia  (Ober  Lausitz)  and 
Lower  Lusatia  (Nieder  Lausitz),  and  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Bohemia,  to  which  the  whole  of  it  originally  belonged.  It 
afterwards  fell  to  Saxony,  and  remained  with  it  till  1815, 
when  Prussia  received  the  whole  of  Nieder  Lausitz.  The 
province  of  Bautzen,  in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  is  a  part 
of  Upper  Lusatia. 

Lus'by's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Eagle  Creek,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta.     It  has  a  church. 

£uschan,  lo5sh'3:n,  or  Luzan,  loo'zin,  a  village  of 
Bohemia,  8  miles  from  Gitschin.     Pop.  1150. 

liUSChe,  loosh'^h,  or  Luze,  loo'zlt,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
10  miles  from  Hohenmauth,     Pop.  1500. 

Lnsdorf)  loos'donf,  or  Lustorf,  loos'toRf,  a  village  of 
Bohemia,  near  Friedland.     Pop.  1100. 

Luserna,  loo-sfiR'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Pinerolo,  Pop.  3796.  Bobbio  di  Luserna,  bob'be-o  dee 
loo-s8R'n3,,  is  a  village  contiguous  to  the  above.     Pop.  1576. 

Lusignan,  lu^zeen^yfiu"'  (anc.  Lusinianumf),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vienne,  on  the  Vonne,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Poi- 
tiers. Pop.  1332.  Here  originated  the  Lusignan  family, 
sovereigns  of  Jerusalem  and  Cyprus  during  the  crusades. 

Lusigny,  lU^zeen^yee'  (L.  Lusigneiumf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aube,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1156. 

Lusitania,  the  ancient  name  of  Portugal. 

Lusk)  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  3  miles  W. 
of  Rush.     Pop.  571. 

Lusk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  oc,  111.,  about  8  miles  N. 
of  Golconda.     It  has  a  church. 

Liisk's  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  a  tannery. 
Here  is  a  picturesque  ravine. 

liussac,  lUs^sak',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  24 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop,  2640. 

Lussac  les  Chateaux,  lus'sik'  li  shft,H3',  a  town  of 
Prance,  Vienne,  7  miles  W.  of  Montmorillon.     Pop.  2099. 

Lussac  les  Eglises,  lUs^s^k'  Uz  4'gleez',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bellac. 

Lussin,  Lussin  Grande,  and  Lussin  Piccolo, 
Dalmatia.     See  Lossini. 

Lnstenau,  ISSs't^h-nSw^  or  Lustnau,  166st'nSw,  a 
village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the  Rhine,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bregenz.     Pop.  3903. 

Lnstnan,  13Sst'n3w,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  about  1 
mile  E.N.E.  of  Tubingen,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  1401. 

Lustorf,  in  Bohemia.     See  Lusdorp. 

Liitenburg,  lu't§n-b55RG\  a  town  of  Holstein,  58  miles 
N.E.  of  Gluckstadt,  2  miles  from  the  Baltic.     Pop.  2385. 

Lutera,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lure. 

Lntesville,  loots'vil,  a  post-village  of  Bollinger  co.. 
Mo.,  in  Lorance  township,  near  Crooked  Creek,  and  on  the 
St.  Louis  <fc  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  134  miles  S.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  stave-factory, 
and  a  school-house.     Iron  ore  and  kaolin  are  found  here. 

liUtetia,  an  ancient  name  of  Paris. 

IiUteva,  a  town  of  France.     See  Lod^ve. 

Lu'ther,  a  post-oflSce  of  Warren  co.,  Ga. 

Lu'theranville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Summit  township,  about  4  miles  from  East  Worcester  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Luthermuir,  lu'th§r-mure,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Kincardine,  6i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brechin.     Pop.  654. 

Lu'thersburg,  a  post- village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in 
Brady  township,  20  miles  W.  of  Clearfield.  It  has  2  churches. 

Lu'ther's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
in  Burlington  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Towanda.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  20  families, 

Lu'ther's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

liU'thersville,  a  post-village  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
about  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lu'therville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  contains  the  Lutherville  Female  Seminary  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  382. 

tjutomierz,  loo-to'me-aiRz\  or  Lutomirsk,  loo-to- 


meeRsk',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Kalice, 
on  the  Ner,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Sieradz.     Pop.  2297. 

Liu'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Bedford,  on  the  Lea,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  between  ranges  of  the  Chiltern  Hills.  It  has 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  national  school,  great  plait  halls  for 
the  sale  of  straw  goods,  a  hospital,  workhouse,  market- 
house,  and  manufactures  of  straw  hats,  machinery,  and 
farm-implements.     Pop.  17,317. 

Lnton,  or  Centreville,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co., 
Ontario,  4^  miles  from  Aylmer.  It  contains  a  store  and  a 
grist-  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

liUtry,  lUHree',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  on  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  2204. 

lititschine,  liit-shee'ni,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Bern,  formed  by  the  torrent  White  LUtschine  and  the 
Black  LUtschine.     It  falls  into  the  Lake  of  Brienz. 

Lntsch,  Langen,  13,ng'§n  ISStsh,  a  village  of  Austria, 
Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz,  near  Trubau.     Pop.  2600. 

liUttabund,  liit^ti-biind',  a  pass  in  Afghanistan,  near 
Cabool.     Lat.  34°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  28'  E.     Length,  6  miles. 

Latter,  or  Lutter-am-Barenberge,  15d't?r-&m- 
bi'ren-bfln'gh^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  and  23  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Brunswick,  Pop,  1160.  Here,  in  1626,  Tilly 
defeated  Christian  IV.  of  Denmark. 

Lutterbach,  ISSt't^r-biK^  a  village  of  Germany,  Al- 
sace, 15  miles  N.  of  Altkirch,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
DoUeren.     Pop.  1977, 

Lut'terworth,  a  town  of  England,  oo,  and  14  miles 
S,S.W,  of  Leicester,  The  town,  on  the  Swift,  has  a  hand- 
some church,  containing  a  part  of  the  pulpit  and  a  portrait 
of  Wycliffe,  who  died  here  in  1384.     Pop.  of  parish,  2080. 

Ltlttich,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Liege. 

Ltittringhansen,  llit'tring-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  a  railway.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cottons,  cassimeres,  hardware,  ice. 
Pop.  9471, 

Ltitzelbnrg,  a  German  name  for  Luxehbcrg, 

Lutzen,  ISSt'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  9  milea 
S.E.  of  Merseburg.  Pop.  2876.  It  is  memorable  for  the 
battle  of  6th  of  November,  1632,  in  which  Gustavus  Adol- 
phus  defeated  the  Austrians  and  lost  his  life ;  and  for  that 
of  2d  of  May,  1813,  between  the  French  and  the  allied  Rus- 
sian and  Prussian  forces,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated. 

Lutzk,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.     See  Lootsk. 

Lutz'ville,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bedford 
Extension  of  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  'Top  Railroad,  5  miles 
E.  of  Bedford. 

Luverne,  loo-vern',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rock  co., 
Minn.,  in  Luverne  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Sioux  City 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  on  or  near  Rock  River,  32  miles 
W.  of  Worthington,  and  124  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
about  50  houses.     Pop.  in  1S80,  679;  in  1890,  1466. 

Lnvino,  loo-vee'no,  or  Luino,  loo-ee'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Como,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago 
Maggiore.     Pop.  2638. 

Luvnla,  Sardinia.    See  Lttla, 

Luxan,  Argentine  Republic,     See  Lujan. 

Lux^apatil'Ia  (or  Loo^sapatil'la)  Creek  drains 
part  of  Fayette  co,,  Ala.,  and  runs  nearly  westward  through 
Lamar  co.  into  Mississippi.  It  enters  the  Tombigbee  River 
about  3  miles  below  Columbus.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Lux^apeli'la,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  9 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name, 
which  aflFords  abundant  water-power.  It  has  2  artesian 
wells,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Luxar,  a  village  of  Spain.     See  Lujar. 

Luxembourg  (Fr.  pron.  liix^fiii^booR'),  or  Lux'eni- 
burg,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  the  province 
of  Liege,  E.  by  the  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  S.  by  France,  and 
W.  by  the  province  of  Namur.  Area,  1706  square  miles.  It 
is  divided  into  five  arrondissements, — Arlon  (the  capital), 
Bustogne,  Marche,  Neufcha.teau,  and  Virton,  subdivided  into 
20  civil  and  15  miUtary  cantons.  Pop.  in  1890,  216,380,  the 
large  majority  of  whom  speak  French  or  Walloon. 

Lux'emburg  (Dutch  pron.  liix'§m-bQRg^),  a  town  of 
Europe,  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  at  a 
railway  junction,  115  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankfort,  and  117 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.  Its  natural  position  is  so  strong, 
and  the  dififerent  powers  into  whose  hands  it  has  fallen  did 
so  much  to  extend  and  improve  its  means  of  defence,  that 
Carnot  pronounced  it  to  be  the  strongest  place  in  Europe, 
after  Gibraltar ;  but  its  defences  have  been  dismantled.  It 
is  divided  into  a  low  and  a  high  town.  The  former  lie? 
along  the  banks  of  the  Alzette,  is  surrounded  with  walk, 
and  consists  of  two  quarters,  called  the  Grindel  and  Pfaffen- 


LUX 


1711 


LYC 


thai.  The  latter  stands  200  feet  higher,  on  a  steep  and 
6carped  rock,  and  is  approached  from  below  by  flights  of 
8teps  and  zigzag  streets  cut  out  of  the  solid  rock,  so  as  to 
be  passable  for  a  carriage.  The  whole  rock  is  surrounded 
by  a  strong  wall,  deep  ditches,  and  a  double  row  of  formi- 
dable outworks.  The  most  remarkable  part  of  the  fortifica- 
tions, called  Le  Bouc,  consists  of  a  rocky  promontory,  which 
commands  the  valley  both  above  and  below.  The  whole 
town  is  well  built,  and  contains  3  good  public  squares, 

4  churches,  3  chapels,  a  synagogue,  town  houses  old  and 
new,  the  governor's  house,  town  library,  monasteries  of  the 
Dominicans  and  Franciscans,  an  athenaeum  with  16  pro- 
fessors, a  Boman  Catholic  seminary  for  priests,  and  a  nor- 
mal school.  It  has  manufactures  of  wax,  distilleries,  and 
breweries,  tanneries  for  chamois  as  well  as  ordinary  leather, 
dye-works,  Ac,  and  a  trade  in  gold  and  silver  wares,  paper, 
iron,  honey,  wine,  vinegar,  wood,  china,  hats,  hosiery,  Ac. 
Luxemburg  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and,  during  part  of  the 
year,  the  residence  of  the  leading  families  of  the  grand 
duchy.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,187. 

liUxemburg)  Grand  Ducht  of,  a  territory  belonging 
to  the  Dutch  monarch,  and  formerly  a  state  of  the  Ger- 
man Confederation,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, S.  by  France,  and  W.  by  Belgium.  Area,  1592  square 
miles.  It  forms  part  of  the  plateau  of  the  Ardennes, 
and  has  a  rugged  and  mountainous  surface,  covered  in 
many  parts  with  heaths  and  morasses,  though  in  gqneral 
well  wooded.  Its  drainage  belongs  almost  entirely  to  the 
basin  of  the  Moselle.  Luxemburg  was  first  governed  by 
counts.  In  1354  it  was  erected  into  a  duchy  by  Charles 
IV.,  and  in  1443  came  by  marriage  to  Philip  of  Burgundy, 
and  through  him  to  the  house  of  Spain.  By  the  peace  of 
the  Pyrenees,  in  1659,  part  of  it  was  ceded  to  the  French, 
and  took  the  name  of  French  Luxemburg ;  but  in  1714  it 
all  merged  in  the  house  of  Austria.  In  1814  it  was  con- 
verted into  A  grand  duchy  and  given  to  the  King  of  the 
Netherlands,  who  possessed  it  till  1830,  when,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  revolution,  part  of  it  became  a  Belgian  prov- 
ince, the  remainder  continuing  with  the  Dutch  king  as 
grand  duke ;  but  it  forms  no  part  of  the  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands.  It  still  retains  its  connection  with  the  Ger- 
man ZoUverein.  Nearly  all  its  people  are  German-speak- 
ing Catholics.  The  neutrality  of  the  country  in  war  is 
guaranteed  by  the  great  powers.  Capital,  Luxemburg. 
Pop.  in  1880,  209,570 ;  in  1890,  211,088. 

liux'embiirg,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn., 
about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  339. 

liUXeuil,  lux^trl',  or  liUXen  (anc.  Luxo'vium),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Haute-Sa6ne,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lure,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Vosges  Mountains.  Its  warm  and  cold  mineral 
baths,  known  to  the  Romans,  are  much  frequented,  and  it 
has  manufactures  of  paper,  hardware,  cutlery,  leather,  hats, 
Ac.     Pop.  4047. 

liuxor,  loox'or^  or  liix'or^  written  Louqsor  by  the 
French  (Arab.  El  Kuar,  "the  palaces"),  a  village  of  Upper 
Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  li  miles  S.  of 
Karnak,  on  a  portion  of  the  site  of  ancient  Thebes,  and 
having  one  of  the  most  magnificent  ancient  temples  extant. 

Luyk,  or  Luykerland,  Belgium.    See  Ltese. 

Ijuynes^  loo^een',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et- Loire, 

5  miles  W.  of  Tours.  Pop.  of  commune,  2047.  Some  of  the 
houses  are  excavated  in  the  limestone  rock,  on  which  stands 
an  old  castle,  formerly  fortified. 

IjUZ,  liiz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Pyr4n4es,  at  the 
foot  of  a  lofty  mountain,  called  the  Pic  de  Bergons,  32  miles 
S.  of  Tarbes.  It  has  manufactures  of  mixed  silk  and  wool- 
len stuff  called  barege.  Near  it  are  the  thermal  baths  of 
Saint-Sauveur.     Pop.  1671. 

liUza^  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Looza. 

Luzan,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Luschan. 

liazarches,  lii^zaRsh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  arrondissement  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1470. 

liUze^  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Lusche. 

Luzechy  lii^z5sh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  2229. 

linzerU)  a  canton  of  Switzerland.     See  Lucerne. 

liUzerne,  lu-zern',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  920  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Lehigh  River  and  Nescopeck 
Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory, 
pine,  &c.  Among  its  remarkable  features  is  the  long,  rich, 
and  beautiful  valley  of  Wyoming,  which  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  a  high  ridge,  called  Wyoming  or  Moosic  Moun- 
tain. This  ridge  extends  nearly  through  the  middle  of 
the  oounty,  in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction.     The  soil  of  the 


valleys  is  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  bay,  butter, 
lumber,  oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  coal,  which  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  The  coal  is  mostly  obtained  in 
the  valleys  of  Wyoming  and  Lackawanna.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley Railroad,  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal  Company  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  k  Western  Railroad,  which  centre  at  Wilkes- 
barre,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 160,915 ;  in  1880, 133,066 ; 
in  1890,  201,203. 

Luzerne,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  lumber-  and 
flour-mills,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  275. 

Luzerne,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Warren 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Hadley  Station 
on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     It  has  3  hotels  and  4  churches.     Pop.  450. 

Luzerne,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Lackawanna  Junction.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  drill-factories,  and  4  flour-  and  feed- mills. 
Pop.  2398. 

tiUzk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lootsk. 

Luzon,  loo-zon',  or  Ln^on  (Sp.  pron.  of  both,  loo- 
thon'),  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  largest  of 
the  Philippines,  between  the  Chinese  Sea  on  the  W.  and 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  E.,  between  lat.  12°  30'  and 
18°  40'  N.,  Ion.  119°  45'  and  124°  10'  E.  Its  greatest 
length  is  about  550  miles  j  its  greatest  breadth  about  130  , 

miles ;  but  where  its  N.  and  S.  portions  are  united  by  a 
narrow  isthmus  it  diminishes  to  10  miles.  Area,  5T,80&.  Hi  8' 
square  miles.  The  northern  portion  of  the  island,  consti- 
tuting at  least  four-fifths  of  the  whole,  is  of  an  oblong 
shape  and  tolerably  compact;  the  S.E.  portion  is  extremely 
irregular.  Its  surface  is  very  much  diversified,  but  its 
most  prominent  features  are  two  mountain-chains, — the 
Sierra  Madre  and  the  Cordillera  de  Caravallos.  The  Sierra 
Madre  attains  a  height  of  at  least  7000  feet ;  the  Cordillera 
de  Caravallos,  or  E.  chain,  attains  in  the  N.  a  height  of 
about  4000  feet,  but  has  many  summits  which  exceed  6000 
and  probably  7000  feet.  Several  of  the  loftiest  heights  are 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  island,  where  they  form  a  very  con- 
spicuous object  at  sea.  Almost  all  these  mountains  are  of 
volcanic  origin,  and  many  disastrous  eruptions  from  them 
have  taken  place.  The  largest  river  of  the  island  is  the 
Apari  or  Cagayan,  called  also  the  Tago  (Tagus),  which, 
formed  by  two  streams  from  the  central  mountains,  falls^j-—  , 
into  the  sea  at  Apari,  after  a  course  of  about  180  m\\es/Ff*^^ ' 
Another  river,  of  less  magnitude,  is  the  Pasig,  which  issues 
out  of  the  Lake  of  Bay  by  seven  branches,  and  is  naviga-  "7 
ble  by  vessels  of  from  400  to  500  tons.  The  other  prin-  ' 
cipal  rivers  are  the  Abra,  Agno,  Pampanga,  and  Cabucao. 
The  vegetation  of  Luzon  is  almost  unsurpassed  in  luxuri- 
ance. Even  the  loftiest  heights  are  crowned  with  gigantic 
forests,  while  the  plains  and  valleys  are  covered  with  the 
richest  verdure  or  occupied  by  abundant  cultivated  crops. 
Among  these  are  rice,  the  chief  article  of  food,  sugar-cane, 
which  is  extensively  grown,  abaca,  or  manila  hemp,  vari- 
ous species  of  palm,  cotton,  coffee,  cinnamon,  maize,  and 
tobacco.  The  mineral  kingdom  furnishes  gold  and  iron. 
The  other  important  minerals  are  copper,  coal,  sulphur, 
marble,  gypsum,  agates,  jaspers,  and  carnelians.  The  man- 
ufactures include  cotton  and  silk  tissues,  cordage,  tobaoco, 
leather,  plain  and  varnished,  embroidery,  wood  and  ivory 
carvings,  mats,  and  carriages.  Great  skill  is  also  displayed 
in  the  construction  of  boats,  canoes,  and  large  vessels. 
Luzon  is  divided  into  19  provinces.  Its  capital  is  Manila. 
(See  Manila.)     Pop.  4,450,191. 

Lnzsna,  loos'n«h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Liptau, 
about  4  miles  from  Neusohl.     Pop.  2405. 

Luzy,  lii^zee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Niavre,  19  miles  S. 
of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  2011. 

Luzzara,  loot-sl'ri,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Parma, 
4  miles  N.  of  Quastalla,  near  the  Po.  The  French  gained 
a  victory  over  the  Imperialists  here  in  1702.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 7609. 

Lnzzi,  loot'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza. 
11  miles  N.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3844. 

Lwow,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Lsmbbrq. 

Lyaree,  li-i'ree,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of 
Loos,  on  the  Poorally,  20  miles  from  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  38  miles  S.  of  Bela. 

Lyb'ster,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Wick.  Pop.  833.  A' harbor  of  refuge  has 
been  constructed  here. 

Lychen,  lee'K^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
48  miles  N.  of  BerUn.    Pop.  2176. 


LYC 


1712 


LYN 


liychnidus  and  Lychnitis  Lacus.     See  Ochrida. 

Lycip'pus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
about  35  miles  E.S.B.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Lycoming,  li-kfim'ing,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1195  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Lycoming,  Loyalsock, 
Muncy,  and  Pine  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  chestnut, 
hemlock,  oak,  and  other  trees.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
several  ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export, 
and  the  other  staple  products  of  the  county  are  wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  and  nay.  Bituminous  coal,  iron  ore,  and 
limestone  are  found  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  the  Williamsport  &  North  Branch  Rail- 
road, the  Beech  Creek  Railroad,  the  Fall  Brook  Railroad, 
the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  and  the  Philadel- 
phia <fc  Erie  Railroad.  Capital,  Williamsport.  Pop.  in 
1870,  47,626;  in  1880,  57,486;  in  1890,  70,579. 

Lycoming)  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     P.  642. 

Lycoming  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward  in 
Lycoming  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River  2  miles  above  Williamsport. 

Lycopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Sioor. 

Lycur'gus,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
22  miles  E.  of  Decorah. 

Lycus,  a  river  of  Western  Asia.     See  Zab. 

Ly'da,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Mo. 

Lydd,  lid,  a  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  near  the  English 
Channel,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Romney.     Pop.  of  parish,  1936. 

Lydda,  an  ancient  name  of  Ludd. 

Lyderbach,  Bohemia.    See  Lauterbach. 

Lydia,  lid'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
33  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Lydia,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Darlington  co., 
S.C.,  13  miles  W.  of  Darlington  Court-House.  It  baa  4 
churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  carriages. 

Lydney,  a  town  of  England.     See  Lidney. 

Ly'ford's,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Lygonia,  li-go'ne-a,  a  village  in  Cape  Elizabeth  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Portland. 

Lyk,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Lick. 

Ly'kens,  or  Li'kens,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co., 
0.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Bucyrus.  Pop.  1140.  It  contains 
a  hamlet  of  the  same  name. 

Lykens,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Lykena 
township,  at  the  foot  of  Bear  Mountain,  about  35  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  rich  mines  of  good  anthra- 
cite coal,  and  is  chiefly  supported  by  the  coal  business.  It 
is  connected  by  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad  with  Millers- 
burg,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  which  is  14  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  this  place.  Lykens  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2450. 

Lyle,  111,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Lyle,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lyle  town- 
ship, on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  ele- 
vators and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  208 ;  of  the  township,  615. 

Lyles,  lilz,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  is  at  the 
village  of  New  Texas. 

Lylesford,  lilz'f9rd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo., 
S.C,  on  the  Broad  River,  and  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union 
Railroad,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Ly'man,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  South  Da- 
kota, is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  White  River.  Area,  575  squar« 
miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  124;  in  1890,  233. 

Lyman,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111.     Pop.  1298. 

Lyman,  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  Me.,  about  7  miles 
W.  of  Biddeford.  It  contains  4  churches  and  a  hamlet 
named  Goodwin's  Mills.     Pop.  1052. 

Lyman,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  18 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Haverhill.     Pop.  658. 

Lyman's,  a  station  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Provi- 
dence. 

Lyman*8  Mill,  a  hamlet  in  North  Providence  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  1  mile  from  Manton.  It  has  a 
ootton-mill.     Pop.  90. 

Lyman  Yi'adnct,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  New 
York  Air-Line  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Willimantic, 
Conn.     Here  is  a  remarkable  viaduct  over  a  rocky  chasm. 

Lymburg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Nimbcrq. 


Lyme,  lim,  a  township  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River.  Pop.  1181.  It  contains  North 
Lyme,  Hadlyme,  and  Hamburg. 

Lyme,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in  Old 
Lyme  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
about  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Shore  Line  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 

Lyme,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  in  Lyme 
township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  58  miles  N.W. 
of  Concord,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Thetford  Station,  Vt.  It  ha» 
2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1358. 

Lyme,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2444. 
It  contains  Chaumont  and  Three  Mile  Bay. 

Lyme,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  2380.  It 
contains  Bellevue. 

Lyme  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Lyme  township,  24  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Lyme-Regis,  lim-ree'jis,  a  seaport  town  of  England, 
in  Dorset,  on  the  small  river  Lyme,  at  its  entrance  into  the 
English  Channel,  22  miles  W.  of  Dorchester.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  other  chapels, 
almshouse,  old  town  hall,  assembly-rooms,  custom-house, 
and  a  harbor,  consisting  of  two  piers,  forming  a  basin,  use- 
ful as  a  refuge  for  small  vessels.  Its  trade  has  greatly  de- 
clined.    Pop.  (1891)  2365. 

Lym-Fiord,  lim^fe-ord'  (Dan.pron.  liim'fe-ORd^),  writ- 
ten also  Lnmfiord  and  Liimfiord,  Denmark,  an  inlet 
or  arm  of  the  sea,  extending  from  the  Cattegat,  in  about 
57°  N.  lat.,  westward  to  the  German  Ocean.  It  stretches 
far  into  North  Jutland,  and  there  expands  into  a  large,  ir- 
regular, and  shallow  lagoon.  Its  whole  length  is  perhaps 
100  miles ;  the  breadth  varies  from  1  mile  or  less  to  about 
15  miles.  The  Lym-Fiord  is  shallow  and  of  difficult  navi- 
gation. It  receives  several  small  rivers,  and  contains  the 
island  of  Mors  and  several  smaller  islands. 

Lym'ington,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
in  the  New  Forest,  on  a  small  navigable  river  of  the  same 
name,  at  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Southampton  by  railway.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a 
steep  declivity,  and  has  many  houses  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  sea-bathers,  a  town  hall,  a  theatre,  a  custom-house, 
several  establishments  for  ship-building,  and  salt-works. 
Steamers  ply  to  Portsmouth  and  the  Isle  of  Wight.  The 
borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  of  town,  (1891),  4651. 

Lympne,  or  Limne,  lim  (anc.  Por'tus  Lemania'nus  f), 
a  hamlet  and  haven  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  2^  miles  W. 
of  Hythe,  on  the  Channel  coast.  A  castle  occupies  the  site 
of  an  ancient  British  fortress ;  a  Roman  road  runs  direct  to 
Canterbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  510. 

Lyn,  lin,  a  post- village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  Cole- 
man's Creek,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  129  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  manufactories  of  wool- 
lens, rubber  combs,  lasts  and  pegs,  carriages,  leather,  hubs 
and  spokes,  boots  and  shoes,  iron  castings,  <&c.,  also  6  or  7 
stores,  3  hotels,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  750. 

Lynch,  linch,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chestertown. 

Lynch,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  522. 

Lynch,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Lynch'barg,  a  hamlet  of  JefiTerson  co.,  HI.,  about  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Centralia. 

Lynchburg,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.     Pop.  804. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in  Dod- 
son  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami  River, 
and  on  the  Marietta  <t;  Cincinnati  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  distillery,  an  organ -factory,  and 
a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  650. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on 
Lynch's  Creek,  and  near  Lynchburg  Station  of  the  Wil- 
mington, Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Co- 
lumbia. It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  lumber-mill,  2 
distilleries  of  turpentine,  and  5  stores. 

Lynchburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Moore  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  S.  of  Shelbyville,  and  about  64  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Nashville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  male 
and  female  institute,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Buffalo  Bayou,  at  the  mouth  of  the  San  Jacinto  River, 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Houston.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  by 
a  cyclone,  September  17,  1875. 

Lynchburg,  a  city  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  is  situated  on 
the  right  or  S.  bank  of  James  River,  on  the  James  River 
Canal,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Washington  City  &  Virginia  Midland 


LYN 


1713 


LYN 


Railroad,  123  miles  W.  of  Petersburg,  66  miles  N.  of  Dan- 
ville, and  124  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond.  The 
site  is  hilly,  and  the  streets  in  some  places  are  very  steep. 
Lynchburg  contains  15  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  pri- 
vate banks,  2  savings-banks,  2  high  schools,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily,  1  weekly,  and  3  tri-weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  several  iron-foundries,  rolling-mills, 
.tobacco-factories,  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  farm- 
^  ing-implements  and  furniture.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the 
river,  which  affords  abundant  water-power.  Tobacco  is  the 
chief  article  of  export,  and  the  tobacco  produced  in  this 
part  of  the  state  has  a  high  reputation.  Lynchburg  was 
founded  in  1786,  and  incorporated  in  1805.  P.  (1890)  19,709. 

Lynchburg  Junction,  a  station  in  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  at  a  junction  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  and  Virginia 
Midland  Railroads,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Charlottesville. 

Lynch's  (or  Lynches)  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises 
very  near  the  N.  boundary  of  the  state,  runs  southeastward, 
forming  the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Kershaw, 
Sumter,  and  Williamsburg  on  the  right,  and  Chesterfield, 
Darlington,  and  Marion  on  the  left,  and  enters  the  Great 
Pedee  River.     It  is  about  160  miles  long. 

Lynch's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C., 
near  the  Pedee  River,  about  90  miles  E.  of  Columbia. 

Lynch's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Lynch's  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Williamsburg  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  at  Graham  Station,  79 
miles  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  several  distilleries  of  tur- 
pentine. 

Lynch's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Albany 
township. 

Lyuch's  Ranch,  a  hamlet  of  Shackelford  co.,  Tex.,  120 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.     Pop.  42. 

Lynch's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Lynch- 
burg. 

Lynch'wood,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C,  on 
Lynch's  Creek,  about  50  miles  B.N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Lynd,  lind,  a  river  of  North  Australia,  flows  through  a 
mountainous  country  till  it  joins  the  river  Mitchell. 

Lynd,  lind,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lyon  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Redwood  River,  about  108  miles  W.  of  St. 
Peter.  Pop.  of  township,  225.  The  hamlet  is  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Marshall. 

Lyndeborough,  lind'biir-rfih,  a  post-township  of 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  glass,  flavoring- 
extracts,  and  lumber.  Pop.  820.  It  contains  the  villages 
of  Lyndeborough  Centre,  North  Lyndeborough,  and  South 
Lyndeborough. 

Lyn'den,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  331. 

Lynden,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Lynden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington, 
about  110  miles  N.  of  Seattle.     It  has  a  church. 

Lyn'den,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  16  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.  It 
contiains  a  pottery,  a  woollen-factory,  a  brick-field,  saw-  and 
grist-mills,  4  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Lyndesay,  Mount,  Australia.    See  Mount  Lindesat. 

Lynd'hurst,  a  village  of  England,  in  Hants,  beauti- 
fully situated  in  the  New  Forest,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  South- 
ampton. Pop.  1380.  Here  is  the  "King's  House,"  or 
official  residence  of  the  lord  warden  of  the  forest.  All  the 
forest  courts  are  held  at  Lyndhurst. 

Lynd'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Gananoque  River,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Morton.  It  has 
saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills,  and  3  stores.     Pop,  200. 

Lyn'don,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  in  Lyn- 
don township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock 
Island  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sterling, 
and  about  9  miles  S.  of  Morrison.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  paper-mill,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farm  machinery.     Pop.  600;  of  township,  1039. 

Lyndon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Salt  Creek,  9  miles  E.  of  Osage  City,  and  about  32  miles 
S.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese  and  flour.     Pop.  about  600. 

Lyndon,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky. 

Lyndon,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me.,  about 
66  miles  N.  of  Houlton,  is  intersected  by  the  Aroostook 
River.  It  contains  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a 
Btarch-factory,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  1410. 

Lyndon,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  830. 

Lyndon,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
810.     Post-offices,  Elgin  and  Rawson. 

Lyndon,  or  Lyndon  Corner,  a  post-village  of 
Caledonia  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Lyndon  township,  on  the  Passump- 


sio  River,  about  36  milea  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  1  mile 
W.  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  has  2  ohurches,  an 
academy  and  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  2  marble- 
works,  2  carriage-factories,  a  pulp-mill,  silver-plating  works, 
&c.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  The  town- 
ship contains  villages  named  Lyndonville  and  Lyndon 
Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2619. 

Lyndon,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wi«.  Pop.  483. 
Lyndon  Station  is  in  Kildare  township. 

Lyndon,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1658. 
It  contains  the  post-village  of  Cascade. 

Lyndon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Lyndon  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsic  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Lyndonville  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.     It  has  a  church. 

Lyndon  Station,  a  post-village  of  Rosa  co.,  0.,  in 
Buckskin  township,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
20  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  carriage-factory  and 
3  general  stores. 

Lyn'donville,  a  post- village  in  Yates  township,  Or- 
leans CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the.  Ontario  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  36 
miles  E.  of  Lewiston,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  3  milea 
S.  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a 
flour-mill,  &c.     Pop.  400. 

Lyndonville,  a  post-village  in  Lyndon  township,  Cale- 
donia CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsic  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  a 
church.  The  railroad-shops  are  located  here. 

Lynedoch,  lin'dds,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Big  Creek,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Simcoe.    Pop.  200. 

Lyngbye,  ling'bii^^h  or  liing'bii^^h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  island  of  Seeland,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Copenhagen.     It  has  a  royal  summer  palace. 

Lynn,  lin,  an  unorganized  county  of  Northwestern 
Texas,  on  the  Staked  Plain.  Area,  900  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9;  in  1890,  24. 

Lynn,  Henderson  co..  111.     See  Sagetown. 

Lynn  (Lynn  Centre  Post-Office),  a  post- village  of  Henry 
CO.,  111.,  in  Lynn  township,  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rock 
Island.     Pop.  of  the  township,  858. 

Lynn,  a  post- village  in  Washington  township,  Randolph 
CO.,  Ind.,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Richmond.   Pop.  (1890)  518. 

Lynn,  Iowa.    See  Linn. 

Lynn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  Tygert's 
Creek,  7  miles  W.  of  Greenup  Court-House. 

Lynn,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Essex  co.,  Maaa.,  is  pleaa- 
antly  situated  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  10  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Boston,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  Lat.  42°  27'  61"  N.; 
Ion.  70°  57'  27"  W.  It  is  about  2  miles  from  the  penin- 
sula of  Nahant,  a  place  of  summer  resort,  and  is  connected 
with  Boston  and  Salem  by  both  steam  and  electric  rail- 
ways. It  contains  a  handsome  city  hall,  36  churches, 
a  free  public  library  of  44,000  volumes,  a  very  fine  new 
high  school  building,  6  national  banks,  2  savings-banks, 
and  2  safe  deposit  and  trust  companies.  The  combined 
capital  of  these  is  over  $1,600,000,  with  deposits  of  about 
$6,000,000.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished  here.  Lynn  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  ladies'  boots  and  shoes,  large  quantities  of  which  are 
sold  in  the  Western  and  Southern  States,  as  well  as  sup- 
plying a  large  export  trade.  The  daily  output  averages 
more  than  100,000  pairs,  or  over  30,000,000  pairs  annually. 
The  capital  employed  in  this  industry  alone  is  shown  to  be 
nearly  $11,000,000,  and  the  value  of  the  annual  product  is 
over  $25,000,000.  The  manufacture  of  leather  (morocco) 
is  another  large  industry,  employing  a  capital  of  $1,300,000. 
The  new  electric  manufacturing  industry,  established  here 
in  1883,  has  been  the  means  of  increasing  the  wealth  and 
prosperity  of  Lynn  to  a  wonderful  extent.  This  business 
represents  an  actual  invested  capital  of  something  more 
than  $3,000,000  in  buildings,  plant,  Ac,  and  employs  about 
4000  hands,  with  an  average  weekly  pay-roll  of  over 
$44,000.  The  value  of  product  in  dynamos,  lamps,  motors, 
car-equipments,  Ac.,  is  more  than  $12,000,000  per  year. 
There  are  many  handsome  houses  occupied  by  oitiiens, 
especially  on  the  east,  or  shore,  side  of  the  city,  and  some 
that  are  used  only  in  summer  by  non-residents.  Statistics 
show  that  a  larger  number  of  families  own  their  homes  in 
Lynn  than  in  any  other  city  of  its  site  in  the  United  States. 
The  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  Lynn  is  varied  and  pictu- 
resque. It  has  one  of  the  largest  natural  pleasure-grounds 
(more  than  2000  aoree),  known  as  "  Lynn  Woods,"  on  this 
continent.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,233;  in  1880,  38,274;  in  1890, 
55  727. 

Lynn,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Lynn 
township,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron. 

Lynn,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  (1890)  3375 


LYN 


1714 


lii'O 


laynn*  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  457. 

Lynii)  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2375.  It 
eontains  New  Tripoli. 

Lynn,  a  post-village  in  Springville  township,  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Lynn  Station  of  the  Montrose 
&  Tunkhannook  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Montrose,  and  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lynn,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  in  Lynn  town- 
ship, 10  miles  E.  of  Neillsville.     Pop.  of  township,  155. 

Lynn  Camp,  a  small  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ky., 
about  64  miles  S.E.  of  Danville. 

Lynn  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Glen  Easton. 

Lynn  Centre,  Henry  co.,  111.    See  Lynn. 

Lynne,  lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  3  miles 
N.  of  Ogden.     It  has  a  church. 

Lynn'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Lynn- 
field  township,  on  the  Wakefield  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Newburyport  division  of  the  Boston  <fc  Maine 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad.  It  has 
quarries  of  granite.     Pop.  769. 

Lynnfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  Mass., 
in  Lynnfield  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad 
(Newburyport  division),  13  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
granite-quarry,  2  churches,  Ao. 

Lynn  Grove,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1281.     It  contains  Lynnville. 

Lynn'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  slate-quarry  and  a  manufactory  of  slates. 

Lynn-Regis,  lin-ree'jis,  or  King's  Lynn,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Great  Ouse,  9  miles  from  the  North  Sea,  and  26  miles 
N.E.  of  Ely,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  divided  into  sev- 
eral parts  by  small  navigable  rivers  called  fleets.  It  is  de- 
fended on  the  land  side  by  a  fosse,  strong  bastions,  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  embattled  wall,  with  one  gateway. 
The  town  is  well  built,  and  contains  many  noted  old  man- 
sions. The  market-place  is  very  handsome,  and  extensive 
public  walks,  lined  with  trees,  beautify  the  E.  part  of  the 
town.  Chief  buildings,  St.  Margaret's  church,  a  stately 
pile  of  vast  dimensions,  the  beautiful  and  spacious  chapel 
of  St.  Nicholas,  All-Saints'  church,  the  ruins  of  a  convent, 
an  octagonal  Ladye  chapel  tower,  a  free  grammar-school,  a 
large  Lancasterian  school,  several  ancient  poor's  hospitals, 
an  ancient  guild  hall  and  jail,  theatre,  library,  mechanics' 
institution,  handsome  custom-house,  large  market-house, 
and  fort.  The  harbor  is  capacious,  the  river  being  here 
about  1000  feet  in  breadth,  and  a  deep  channel  has  been 
dredged  through  the  Wash  to  the  deep  sea.  The  trade  of 
Lynn  is  very  extensive.  Ships  of  3000  tons  may  enter 
the  new  dock.  Principal  imports,  coal,  wine,  timber, 
hemp,  and  Baltic  and  Canadian  produce.  Exports,  corn 
and  wool.  Ship-yards,  breweries,  foundries,  cork-,  rope-, 
and  tobacco-manufactories  also  employ  many  of  the  inhab- 
itants. The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  19,063. 

LynntOAvn,  Illinois.    See  Sagetown. 

Lynn'ville,  a  post- village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  in  Lynn- 
ville township,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  643. 

Lynnville,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  111.  Pop.  726. 
It  contains  the  post-hamlet  of  Lindenwood. 

Lynnville,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  in  Hart 
township,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Lynnville,  a  post-village  in  Lynn  Grove  township, 
Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  North  Skunk  River,  about  45  miles 
E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  banking-house. 

Lynnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Lynnville,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1020. 

Lynnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  16  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Allentown.     It  has  a  church. 

Lynnville,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  1  mile 
from  Lynnville  Station.  It  has  several  churches.  Pop. 
about  200.  The  village  of  Lynnville  Station  is  on  the  Nash- 
ville <fc  Decatur  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  204. 

Lynn'wood,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  "Va. 

Lynx'ville,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  13  miles 
below  Lansing,  Iowa.  It  has  2  warehouses  for  grain,  which 
is  shipped  here.  Pop.  about  200.  Here  is  Lower  Lynxville 
Port-Office. 


Lyon,  li'pn,  a  river  of  Scotland,  flows,  after  a  course  of 
38  miles,  into  the  Tay  at  Taymouth  Castle. 

Ly'on,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Iowa,  borders 
on  South  Dakota  and  Minnesota.  Area,  600  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Rock  River,  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Sioux  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  Rock 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  Indian  corn,  hay,  &c.  Capi- 
tal, Rock  Rapids.  Pop.  in  1870,  221 ;  in  1880,  1968 ;  in 
1890,  8680. 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  858  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Neosho  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Osage  River  and  Cottonwood  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
A  large  portion  of  the  county  (92  per  cent.)  is  prairie,  and 
groves  of  oak,  hickory,  cottonwood,  walnut,  and  other  trees 
are  distributed  along  the  streams.  Limestone  underlies 
part  of  this  county,  and  coal  is  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad  and  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Emporia.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8014;  in  1880,  17,-326;  in  1890,  23,196. 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  275  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cumberland  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ten- 
nessee River.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork 
are  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Newport 
News  <fc  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Eddyville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6233;  in  1880,  6768;  in  1890,  7628. 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Minnesota.  Area, 
720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Redwood,  Big 
Cottonwood,  and  Yellow  Medicine  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  several  small 
lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  nearly  destitute  of  forests. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Marshall.  Pop.  in  1875,  2543 ;  in  1880,  6257 ;  in 
1890,  9501. 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada,  is  traversed 
by  Carson  River.  Area,  1264  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Silver 
is  found  in  this  county.  The  Central  Pacific  Railroad 
passes  through  the  N.  part  of  it,  and  the  Carson  &  Colo- 
rado Railroad  through  the  S.  part.  Capital,  Dayton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1837 ;  in  1880,  2409;  in  1890,  1987. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  276. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Lyon  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  360, 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  576. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  468. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1271. 

Lyon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in  High- 
land township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Wabasha.  It  has  1 
or  2  flouring-mills. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3528. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1121. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  820. 

Lyo'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Lyons  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Lyona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich- 
mond township,  9  miles  S.  of  Miller's  Station. 

Lyo'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hawesville. 

Lyon  Mountain,  or  Rogersfield,  a  post-village  of 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chateaugay  Railroad,  34  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Plattsburg.  Here  are  works  of  the  Chateaugay 
Ore  and  Iron  Co. 

Lyonnois,  or  Lyonnais  (Fr.  Le  LyonnoU,  l?h  loe*- 
ftn^ni' ;  L.  A'ger  Lugdunenais  and  jEdui  Lugdunenseg  f), 
an  ancient  province  of  France,  which  formed  part  of  one 
of  the  Roman  divisions  of  Gaul,  was  afterwards  included  in 
the  second  kingdom  of  Burgundy,  and  on  being  separated 
from  it  became  an  independent  county.  Capital,  Lyons. 
It  was  united  to  the  crown  of  France  by  Philip  le  Bel  in 
1310,  and  now  forms  the  departments  of  Rh&ne,  Loire, 
Sa8ne-et-Loire,  <fcc. 

Lyons,  li'9nz  (Fr.  Lyon,  lee^6N»';  Sp.  Leon,  li-5n' ; 
It.  Lione,  le-o'n4;  anc.  Lugdu'num),  the  second  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Rh&ne,  260  miles 
direct  or  314  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris,  and  170  miles 
N.  of  the  Mediterranean;  lat.  45°  45'  44"  N.,  Ion.  4°  49' 
43"  E.  Two  large  rivers — the  Sa8ne,  flowing  from  the 
N.,  and  the  Rhone,  from  the  E. — unite,  and  form  a  tongue 
of  land  on  which  the  greater  part  of  the  city  is  built.  It 
however  extends  to  the  opposite  banks  of  both  rivers,  the 
communication  being  maintained  by  many  commodious 
bridges.     On  the  right  bank  of  the  SaSne  two  steep  hills. 


LYO 


1715 


LYO 


PourviSres  and  St.  Sebastian,  rise  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre and  are  partially  occupied  by  streets.  One  of  the 
steepest  of  these  leads  up  to  the  summit  of  FourviSres,  from 
which  the  whole  country  for  many  miles  around  is  pre- 
sented to  the  eye  as  one  grand  panorama,  embracing  dis- 
tinct views  of  the  Alps  on  the  E.  and  the  C6vennes  on  the 
S.  Lyons  is  encircled  by  a  line  of  forts.  The  town  has 
been  largely  rebuilt  since  1820,  and  is  one  of  the  finest 
cities  in  Europe.  There  are  many  fine  quarters,  among 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  magnificent  quays,  with 
planted  walks,  stately  mansions,  and  capacious  warehouses. 

Several  of  the  public  edifices  of  Lyons  are  remarkable  for 
their  antiquity  as  well  as  for  the  beauty  of  their  architec- 
ture. The  cathedral,  on  the  slope  of  the  FourviSres,  is  in 
the  Gothic  style  of  the  time  of  Louis  XI.,  and  has  four 
towers.  Higher  up  the  declivity  stands  the  church  of 
Notre  Dame,  occupying  the  site  of  the  Forum  Vetus,  built 
by  Trajan.  It  is  a  fine  Gothic  edifice,  founded  about  1200. 
Beside  it  is  a  tower  or  belvedere,  680  feet  above  the  Sa6ne. 
On  the  other  side  of  the  Fourvidres  is  the  church  of  St. 
Irenseus,  who  was  the  second  bishop  of  Lyons.  The  church, 
a  modern  structure,  is  situated  on  the  grave  of  the  mar- 
tyred bishop,  and  has  beneath  it  a  crypt  in  which  thou- 
sands of  Christians  are  said  to  have  been  massacred  by 
order  of  Septimius  Severus,  a.d.  202.  A  little  above  the 
cathedral  is  the  Palais  de  Justice ;  and  lower  down,  on  the 
opposite  bank  of  the  Sa9ne,  stands  the  mediaeval  church  of 
Ainay,  beneath  whose  sacristy,  and  penetrating  below  the 
bed  of  the  river,  are  gloomy  dungeons,  without  light  or  air. 
Other  noteworthy  edifices  of  this  class  are  the  church  of 
St.  Nizier,  of  the  fourteenth  century,  one  of  the  largest  in 
the  town,  that  of  St.  Bonaventure,  the  church^of  the  Char- 
treux,  surmounted  by  a  superb  dome,  the  Eglise  de  St. 
^olycarpe,  ^j^glise  des  Antiquailles,  J^glise  St.  Just,  and 
Eglise  St.  Louis.  The  archiepiscopal  palace,  situated  near 
the  cathedral,  is  a  large  edifice.  In  this  palace  a  great 
number  of  Protestants  were  butchered  in  1572,  as  a  sequel 
to  St.  Bartholomew.  In  the  Place  des  Terreaux  stands  the 
H8tel  de  Ville,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  of  the  kind  in 
France,  though  very  irregular  in  its  style. 

The  library  (BibliothSque  Publique)  is  the  best  provin- 
cial collection  in  France.  It  contains  150,000  volumes,  and 
has  besides  a  rich  collection  of  engravings  and  MSS.  The 
Palais  des  Arts,  or  Museum,  facing  the  Place  des  Terreaux, 
occupies  the  ancient  convent  of  St.  Pierre,  which  is  a  fine 
majestic  edifice.  It  contains  a  picture-gallery,  a  cabinet  of 
medals,  a  gallery  for  statues,  a  depot  of  mechanical  inven- 
tions for  the  fabrication  of  silks,  a  library  of  60,000  vol- 
umes, and  a  free  school  of  design.  The  chief  educational 
establishments  are  the  new  university,  opened  in  1875,  the 
academy,  the  lycie  or  college,  the  Institution  la  Martiniere, 
afibrding  a  gratuitous  education  to  220  sons  of  artisans,  and 
a  veterinary  school.  Connected  with  educational  institu- 
tions may  be  mentioned  the  botanic  garden  (Pare  de  la 
TSte  d'Or).  Lyons  has  4  theatres  and  a  large  exchange  or 
Bourse,  with  an  industrial  museum. 

The  most  important  charitable  establishments  are  the 
H8tel-Dieu,  the  Maison  de  la  Charit4,  a  very  extensive 
alms-  or  poor-house,  the  Mont  de  Pi6t6,  and  the  Hospice  de 
I'Antiquaille.  There  are  several  prisons, — the  new  prison, 
an  extensive  building,  well  arranged,  the  Maison  des  Re- 
cluses, now  employed  as  a  military  prison,  and  the  prison 
of  Roanne,  regarded  as  a  model  in  its  kind. 

As  a  manufacturing  town,  Lyons  early  acquired,  and  has 
long  maintained,  the  first  rank.  Its  silk-manufactures  are 
the  most  important  in  the  world.  This  constitutes  its  great 
staple,  and  has  employed  70,000  machines  (metiers),  scat- 
tered over  a  district  of  about  40  miles.  These  machines 
consume  raw  silk  valued  at  $55,000,000,  producing  silk 
manufactures  valued  at  $76,000,000.  It  is  estimated  that 
the  home  consumption  includes  one-fourth  or  one-third  of 
this  amount :  the  remainder  is  exported  to  all  parts  of  the 
civilized  world,  but  by  far  the  largest  market  is  found  in 
the  United  States.  There  are  also  manufactories  of  hata, 
books,  jewelry,  paper,  machinery,  perfumes,  Jaoquard 
looms,  foulards,  hardware,  bronzes,  soap,  shawls,  lace,  and 
liqueurs,  besides  dye-works,  foundries,  glass-houses,  pot- 
teries, tanneries,  breweries,  and  chemical  works.  Lyons 
is  admirably  situated  for  trade,  on  two  navigable  rivers, 
which  make  it  a  great  entrep8t  both  for  the  N.  and  the  S. 
It  forms  the  common  centre  where  the  roads  from  Paris, 
Marseilles,  Bordeaux,  and  Geneva,  from  Switzerland,  Italy, 
and  Auvergne,  all  meet ;  it  communicates  with  the  Rhine 
by  the  Rhone  &  Rhine  Canal,  while  several  other  canals, 
branching  off  from  its  rivers,  give  it  ample  means  of  trans- 
port over  a  great  part  of  the  interior  of  the  republic.  The 
chief  imports  are  raw  silk,  wine,  brandy,  oil,  soap,  flax. 


hemp,  rice,  salt,  cottcn,  wool,  coffee,  dyes,  earthenware, 
and  timber;  and  the  exports,  spun  silk  and  silk  goods, 
ribbons,  woollens,  linens,  corn,  flour,  liqueurs,  ironware,  ka. 

History. — The  origin  of  Lyons  cannot  be  traced.  When 
Caesar  invaded  Gaul  it  had  become  a  place  of  importance, 
and  it  ever  after  figures  in  the  history  of  the  Roman  Em- 
pire, several  emperors  making  it  their  occasional  residence 
and  vying  with  one  another  in  adorning  it.  It  early  re- 
ceived Christianity,  and,  towards  the  end  of  the  second 
century,  numbered  thousands  of  Christians  among  its  in- 
habitants. Its  first  bishop,  Pothinus,  died  a  martyr  in 
197,  and  his  successor,  the  celebrated  Irenseus,  died  also  a 
martyr  in  202,  and  with  him  no  fewer  than  19,000  Chris- 
tian converts.  Lyons  was  afterwards  sacked  by  the  Huns 
and  Visigoths,  who  levelled  many  of  its  noblest  Roman 
structures.  In  the  eighth  century  it  was  taken  by  an  army 
of  Saracens  from  Spain ;  but  it  recovered  its  prosperity 
under  Charlemagne,  on  the  dissolution  of  whose  empire  it 
became  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Provence.  Subse- 
quently it  was  long  ruled  by  a  succession  of  archbishops, 
who  bore  its  name.  In  the  reign  of  Louis  IX.,  Lyons  was 
annexed  to  the  crown  of  France.  Its  quays  and  several  of 
its  finest  edifices  it  owes  to  Louis  XIV.  While  in  possession 
of  the  troops  of  the  Convention  in  1793,  wholesale  butcher- 
ies for  many  days  deluged  the  streets  with  blood.  Many 
distinguished  men  have  been  natives  of  Lyons.  Among 
them  may  be  mentioned  the  emperors  Marcus  Aurel^us, 
Claudius,  and  Caracalla,  the  celebrated  Germanicus,  St. 
Ambrose,  St.  Irenseus,  and  Pope  Clement  IV.     Pop.  in 

1852,156,169;  in  1881,  .347,619  ;  in  1891,  416,029. A^j. 

and  inhab.  Ltonese,  iron-eez'  (Fr.  Lyonnais,  lee*fln^ni' ; 
feminine  Lyonnaise,  lee^fin^niz'). 

Ijy'onS)  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Den- 
ver, and  about  15  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Boulder.  It  has 
several  stone-quarries.     Pop.  750. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township.  Cook  oo.,  111., 
on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
graded  school  and  3  churches.  The  township  contains 
quarries  of  limestone,  and  villages  named  Clyde,  La  Grange, 
and  Riverside.     Pop.  in  1890,  5096 ;  of  the  village,  732. 

JLyons,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indi- 
anapolis &  Vincennes  Railroad,  82  miles  S.W.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements  and  furniture.     Pop.  about  200. 

LyonSf  a  city  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  is  situated  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Fulton,  3  miles  above  the  city 
of  Clinton,  and  78  miles  below  Dubuque.  It  is  also  on  the 
Chicago,  Clinton  &,  Dubuque  Railroad  and  the  Iowa  Mid- 
land Railroad,  58  miles  by  rail  from  Dubuque,  and  140 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  high  school,  a  fine  graded  school-house,  printing- 
offices  issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  paper-mill,  several 
flouring-mills,  and  3  large  saw-mills.  The  river  here  flows 
through  fine  scenery,  and  is  bordered  by  high  bluffs.  Pop. 
in  1890,  5799. 

Lyons,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  796. 

Lyons,  an  incorporated  city  and  railroad  centre,  capi- 
tal of  Rice  CO.,  Kansas,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It 
has  a  court-house,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  grain- 
elevators,  and  a  salt-mine.  Pop.  in  1880,  509  ;  in  1890, 
1754. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Maple  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michi- 
gan Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  38  miles  E. 
of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  abundant  water-power.  It  is 
about  li  miles  S.  of  Muir,  which  is  on  the  Detroit  and  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  Lyons  has  a  union  school,  a  bank,  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  704.  The  township  con- 
tains villages  named  Muir  and  Pewamo.     Pop.  2843. 

Lyons,  a  township  of  Lyons  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  162. 

Lyons,  a  hamlet  of  Vineyard  township,  Lawrence  oo.. 
Mo.,  6  miles  E.  of  Sarooxie.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  80.     Here  is  Bower's  Mills  Post-Office. 

Lyons,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  oo.,  Neb.,  on  Logan 
Creek,  16  miles  N.E.  of  West  Point,  and  about  40  miles  N, 
of  Fremont.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Lyons,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Newark. 

Lyons,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lyons  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Clyde  River,  at 
the  confluence  of  Canandaigua  Outlet  with  Mud  Creek.  It 
is  also  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of 
Syracuse,  and  36  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rochester.    It  contains 


LYO 


1716 


MAB 


a  fine  stone  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2 
banking-houses,  a  large  union  school,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  pottery,  a  machine-shop,  several  flour-mills,  extensive  dis- 
tilleries of  peppermint  oil,  and  manufactures  of  barrels  and 
farm-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  4475 ;  of  township,  6228. 

IjyoiiS)  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  Koyalton 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  <fcc. 

Lyon's,  or  Lyon's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Maxatawney  township,  on  the  East  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church, 
2  hotels,  2  blast-furnaces,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about  500. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Lyon's  Station. 

Lyons,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co,,  S.C.     Pop.  1537. 

Lyons,  a  post- village  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in  Lyons 
township,  on  the  outlet  of  Geneva  Lake,  and  on  the  West- 
ern Union  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Elkhom.  It  has  about 
30  houses,  2  churches,  2  carriage-shops,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1400. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  S. 
of  Dorchester  Station.     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Lyons  Creek,  Kansas,  drains  part  of  Dickinson  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  about  5 
miles  above  Junction  City. 

Ly'onsdale,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Moose  River,  3  miles  from  Port  Leyden  Station,  and  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  paper-mills  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  Lyonsdale  township,  1416. 

Lyon's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.T.,  on 
Black  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Moose  River,  and  on  the 
Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  pulp-mill.  Small 
steamers  ascend  the  Black  River  to  this  place,  where  the 
navigation  is  obstructed  by  a  fall  of  63  feet.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Black  River  Canal. 

Lyons  Farms,  a  post- village  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Union  township,  2  miles  from  Elizabeth.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  stores. 

Lyon's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Lyon's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Lyon's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Connersville. 

Lyon's  Station,  Pennsylvania.    See  Ltom's. 

Ly'onsville,  a  post- village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  about  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago. 

LyonsTille,  a  hamlet  of  Coleraine  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  5  miles  N.  of  Shelburne  Falls. 

LyonsTille,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  88  miles  N.  of 
New  York.   It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.   Pop.  about  75. 

Ly'on  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  oo..  Pa.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Allentown.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  5  houses. 

Lyoobashevo,  I4ubaschewo,or  Lyonbachevo, 
lyoo-b4-sh4'vo,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Slootsk.    Pop.  1800. 


Lyoobetch,Lionbetch,orI()nbet8ch,lyoo^bdtch', 

a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  and  38  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Chernigov,  on  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  1600. 

Lyoobim,  I^ubim,  or  Lioubim,  lyoo-beem',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  54  miles  N.E.  of  Yaroslav. 
Pop.  2398. 

Lyootsin,  IJntsin,  or  Lioutsin,  lyoot-seen'  (Polish, 
Lucyn,  loot'sin),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  130 
miles  N.W.  of  Vitebsk.     Pop.  3759. 

Ly'ra,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  701 . 

Lyra,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Lys,  lis  (Fr.  pron.  almost  leece;  Flemish,  Leye,  li'^h), 
a  river  of  France  and  Belgium,  joins  the  Scheldt  at  Ghent, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  100  miles.  Numerous  canals  commu- 
nicate with  it,  and  it  has  an  active  navigation.  The  town 
of  Aire  is  at  the  head  of  navigation. 

Lys,  leece,  or  Fsa,  i'si,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Dora 
Baltea  about  4  miles  below  Bard,  after  a  course  of  nearly 
37  miles. 

Lysander,  li-san'd^r,  a  post-village  in  Lysander  town- 
ship, Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Oswego,  and 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  3  churches.  Pop. 
268.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  E.  by  the 
Seneca  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Oswego  River.  It 
contains  the  greater  part  of  Baldwinsville,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  axes,  tools,  flour,  <fcc.     Pop.  4999. 

Lys'ter,  or  Sainte  Anastasie  de  Nelson,  s&Nt^- 
&^n&s'Ul^zee'  d^h  nel'soN",  a  post-village  in  Megantio  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Becancour,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  28  miles  W.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  3  stores  and  2 
saw-mills.  Chief  trade,  lumber.  Pop.  200.  The  station 
is  li  miles  from  the  village. 

Lyth'am,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
the  Irish  Sea,  5i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kirkham.  The  viUage 
is  frequented  for  sea-bathing,  and  is  the  terminus  of  3  rail- 
ways.    Pop.  of  parish,  3904, 

Lythonia,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.    See  Lithonia. 

Ly'tle  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  oo.,  Iowa,  on  Iowa 
Creek,  about  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Ly'tle's,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis. 

Lyttelton,  lit't^l-tpn,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Zealand, 
on  Port  Cooper,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Christchuroh,  of 
which  it  is  the  port.  It  has  extensive  harbor  improvements, 
a  hospital,  an  orphanage,  a  jail,  banks,  a  fire  department, 
Ac.     Pop.  2902. 

Lyt'ton,  a  post-town  of  British  Columbia,  on  the  Fra- 
ser  River,  162  miles  from  its  mouth,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Thompson  River,  and  on  the  road  to  the  Cariboo  mines,  57 
miles  from  Yale.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  church,  2 
hotels,  and  5  stores.  White  population,  about  50 ;  Indian 
population,  about  200,  within  a  radius  of  2  miles.  The  In- 
dians are  very  industrious  and  peaceable.  Their  chief  em- 
ployments are  gold-mining  and  carrying  supplies  to  and 
from  the  interior  with  their  own  horses. 


M. 


ittaad,  m&d,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zemplin,  in  the 
Hegyalja  Mountains,  with  celebrated  vineyards,  5  miles 
N.W,  of  Tokay,     Pop.  3779. 

Maakil,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mashil. 

Maan,  m&n,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  route  from  Da- 
mascus to  Mecca,  270  miles  E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  great 
annual  four-days'  fair. 

Maarsen,  m|R'sen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1790. 

Maas,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Meuse. 

Maas  (m|s)  The  New  (Dutch,  De  Meuwe  Maas,  di 
nyii'^^h  mis),  the  right  arm  of  the  Merwede,  unites  with 
the  lake  at  Krimpen,  South  Holland,  flows  W.,  is  divided  into 
two  branches  by  the  island  of  Roozenburg,  reunites  below 
Briel,  and  falls  into  the  North  Sea. 

Maas,  The  Old  (Dutch,  De  Oude  Maas,  dk  6w'd?h 
m|s),  the  left  arm  of  the  Merwede,  unites  with  the  New 
Maas  near  Geervlite,  South  Holland. 

Maaseyck,  Maeseyck,  or  Maesyck,  m&'sik,  a  town 
of  Belgium,  Limburg,  on  the  Meuse,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Maestricht.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  hats,  tobacco. 


soap,  and  pottery.  Pop,  4600.  Hubert  Van  Eyck,  a  ce.e- 
brated  painter,  and  his  brother,  John  of  Bruges,  the  reputed 
inventor  of  oil-painting,  were  natives  of  this  place. 

Maasland,  mis'lint,  a  former  department  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, now  included  in  the  provinces  of  South  Holland 
and  North  Brabant. 

Maasland,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Hol- 
land, 7  miles  W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2422. 

Maassluis,  m|s'slois,  or  Maaslandsluis,  m|ss'l&nt- 
slois^  a  fishing  town  of  the  Netherlands,  South  Holland,  10 
miles  W.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  New  Maas.  The  excellent 
harbor  is  frequented  by  fishing-vessels.     Pop.  4064. 

Maastricht,  Netherlands.     See  Maestricht. 

Mabani,  or  Uj6  Mabani,  oo'ji  mi-b&'nee,  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Borneo,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kooka.     Pop.  9000. 

Mab'bettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Washington  township,  IJ  miles  from  Millbrook,  and 
about  62  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  ha«  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Ma'bee's,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0. 

Ma'bel,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 


MAB 


1717 


MAC 


Mabel)  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 

Ma'belton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanover  oo.,  Ya.,  8  miles 
from  Bumpass  Station.     It  has  a  large  shoe-factory, 

Ma'belvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rook. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Ma'berly,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Fall  River,  21  miles  W.S.  W.  of  Perth.    It  contains  2  stores, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 
'     Maboom,  mi^boom',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  lat.  8°  32' 
N.,  Ion.  11°  52'  W. 

Mabou,  mi-boo',  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Cape  Breton.  Its  principal  sources  are  South- West,  South- 
East,  and  North-East  Rivers.  The  South- West  runs  a 
course  of  15  miles  from  River  Dennis  Mountain.  The 
South-East  has  its  source  in  Glencoe,  and  runs  a  course  of 
about  12  miles.  The  North-East  branch  rises  in  Cape  Ma- 
bou.  The  two  first-named  branches  abound  in  salmon, 
gaspereaux,  trout,  eels,  and  smelts.  The  country  along 
these  rivers  is  exceedingly  fertile,  and  the  scenery  at  the 
mouth  of  the  harbor  is  very  beautiful.  Vessels  of  heavy 
tonnage  find  good  anchorage  in  Mabou  Harbor. 

MaboU)  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Hood. 
It  has  several  mills  and  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Mabou  Coal  Mines^  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  7  miles  from 
Mabou.     There  is  a  good  coal  here.     Pop.  250. 

Mabou  Harbor,  a  post- village  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  from  Mabou. 

Mabrook,  mi^brook',  a  town  of  Africa,  Sahara,  200 
miles  N.E,  of  Timbuctoo,  on  the  route  to  Tripoli. 

Macacu,  m&-k&-koo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
Organ  Mountains,  and  flows  S.  to  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Macacu,  a  town  of  Brazil,  10  miles  N.E,  of  Rio  Ja- 
neiro. 

MacAd'am  Junction,  a  post-village  in  York  co,, 
New  Brunswick,  at  the  junction  of  the  European  <fc  North 
American  and  New  Brunswick  &  Canada  Railways,  81 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  John,  It  has  2  stores,  McAdam  Junc- 
tion is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  400. 

Macael,  m&-k&-dl',  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1380. 

MacAfee,  mSk'a-fee  or  mq,k-iree,  a  post-office  of 
Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  at  El  Dorado. 

MacAfee's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  town- 
ship, Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  6  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  a  lime-kiln,  and  an 
iron-mine. 

Macahe,  mi-ki-hi',  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  Janeiro,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Macahe  River  in  the 
Bay  of  Santa  Anna,  40  miles  N.N.E,  of  Cape  Frio. 

MacAleer',  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Frederick  A  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Frederick. 

MacAle'vy's  Fort,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co., 
Pa.,  in  Jaukson  township,  14  miles  WiN.W.  of  Lewistown, 
and  about  36  miles  E.N.E,  of  Altoona, 

Macallah,  or  Macalla,  Arabia,    See  Makallah, 

MacAl'lister,  or  MacAl'ister,  a  post-village  of  the 
Choctaw  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas, 
&  Texas  Railroad,  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Muskogee,  and  97 
miles  N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex,  It  has  a  coal-mine.  Pop. 
about  500. 

MacAllister'8  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Tenn. 

MacAl'listerville,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co..  Pa., 
in  Fayette  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

MacAm'ish,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1017.     It  contains  Edgarton. 

Macans,  mi-kins',  two  contiguous  villages  of  Portu- 
gal, Estremadura,  Macans  de  Caminha  (pop.  511)  being  17 
miles  and  Macans  de  Dona  Maria  18  miles  N.E,  of  Tho- 
mar.    Pop.  2502. 

Macao,  mi-k5w'  or  mi-ki'o,  a  town  of  Portugal,  Es- 
tremadura, 85  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2944. 

Macao,  mi-k5w',  a  seaport  town  of  the  Portuguese  in 
China,  on  a  peninsula  of  the  island  of  Macao,  at  the  S.W. 
entrance  of  the  Canton  River,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton. 
Lat.  22°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  32'  B.  The  peninsula,  2i  miles 
in  length,  by  less  than  a  mile  in  breadth,  is  connected  with 
the  mainland  by  a  narrow,  low,  and  sandy  isthmus.  Area, 
1.4  square  miles.  The  town  stands  on  declivities  around  a 
•emicircular  harbor,  the  shore  being  lined  by  an  embanked 
parade  and  a  terrace  of  white  houses,  above  which  Chinese 


and  European  residences  are  cariously  intermingled.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Joseph,  11  other 
churches,  and  the  senate-house,  besides  some  Chinese  tem- 
ples, and  at  the  end  of  the  town  is  a  mansion  where  Ca- 
moens  composed  a  great  part  of  his  Lusiad.  Forts  defend 
the  harbor  N.  and  W.  of  the  town,  which  is  fit  only  for 
small  vessels,  and  large  ships  anchor  in  a  roadstead  E.  of 
the  island.  The  educational  seminaries  are  the  college  of 
St.  Joseph,  royal  grammar-school,  and  female  orphan  asy- 
lum. The  Portuguese  authorities  and  others  form  a  senate. 
Macao  was  given  to  the  Portuguese  by  the  Chinese  in  1586, 
in  return  for  assistance  against  pirates  ;  but  full  title  was 
not  acquired  till  1863.    It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  71,834. 

Macapa,  mi-ki-pi',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Amazon,  200  miles  N.W,  of  Parfi,  and  only  3  miles 
N,  of  the  equator.     It  has  a  fort  and  a  considerable  trade. 

Macarsca,  mi-kaRs'k&,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Dal- 
matia,  34  miles  S.E,  of  Spalato,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
1800,  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  small  bay,  and  was 
formerly  the  seat  of  a  republic, 

MacAr'thur,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  tributary  to 
the  Gloucester. 

MacArthnr,  a  river  of  North  Australia,  flows  into  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria  on  its  S.W.  side. 

MacAr'thur,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1406. 
It  contains  Huntsville. 

MacArthur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vinton  oo.,  0., 
in  Elk  township,  3  miles  N.  of  McArthur  Station  (Dun- 
das  Post-Office),  which  is  on  the  Marietta  <k  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  33  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  union  school,  3  newspaper 
offices,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  900. 

MacArthur  Isles,  Pacific  Ocean,  are  ofi'  the  N,E, 
coast  of  Australia,  near  Bird  Isles,  about  lat,  11°  40'  S, 

MacArthur's  River,  Idaho,  rises  near  the  Salmon 
River  Mountains,  runs  southwestward  in  Alturas  co.,  and 
enters  the  Malade  River  about  14  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Macassar,  mi-kis'sar,  or  Mankasser,  min-kis'sQr 
(native,  Mangkas'sara),  the  chief  town  of  Celebes,  and  a 
Dutch  settlement  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  S.W. 
peninsula,  lat.  5°  9'  S,,  Ion.  119°  36'  E.,  250  miles  from 
Borneo.  It  is  admirably  clean.  It  was  made  a  free  port 
in  1846,  and  has  an  extensive  trade,  chiefly  with  China. 
Pop.  20,000.  The  department  of  Macassar  includes  at 
present  only  a  small  part  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 

Macas'sar,  Goa,  go'i,  or  Goack,  go^ik',  a  native 
state  in  the  Dutch  department  of  Macassar,  Celebes  Island, 
in  the  S,W.  peninsula.  It  was  at  one  time  a  powerful 
kingdom,  having  dominion  over  the  greater  part  of  Celebes 
and  also  over  numerous  neighboring  islands.  Pop.  about 
70,000.  The  Strait  op  Macassar  separates  the  islands  of 
Borneo  and  Celebes.  It  varies  in  breadth  from  70  to  240 
miles,  and  contains  the  Paternoster,  Poolo  Laut,  and  Par- 
maroong  Islands. 

Macau,  mi^k5',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qironde,  11  miles 
N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1805, 

Macauba,  mi-k5w'bi,  a  town  of  Braiil,  state  and  370 
miles  W.S,W.  of  Bahia. 

MacAu'ley,  a  station  in  Columbia  co,,  Pa.,  on  the 
Catawissa  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Catawissa, 

MaQayo,  or  Maceio,  mi-si-o',  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital 
of  the  state  of  Alagoas,  near  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  38°  4'  S. ; 
Ion.  35°  44'  W.  Pop.  10,000.  Its  harbor  is  protected  from 
the  ocean  by  a  reef  of  rocks.  It  has  good  piers,  and  a  large 
export  of  cotton,  rum,  and  sugar. 

MacBean'  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  oo,, 
Ga,,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

MacBride's',  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
in  Day  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern  Rail- 
road, a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Stanton.  It  has  several  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  about  600. 

MacBride's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Watauga  oo,, 
N.C.,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Abingdon,  Va.     It  has  2  oharches. 

Maccai,  mik^ki',  a  town  on  the  E.  ooast  of  Africa,  on 
the  Massangzanee,  which  empties  itself  into  the  sea  about 
20  miles  N,  of  Sofala.     Lat.  19°  16'  S. 

MacCain'  Point,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tei. 

MacCains'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J, 
in  Roxbury  township,  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  at  Kenvil  Station,  4  miles  W.  of 
Dover.     It  has  a  powder-mill. 

MacCall',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hancock  co., 
HI.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  12i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

MacCal'la,  a  post-office  and  station  of  JeS'erson  oo.. 
Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  17  milea 
S.W,  of  Birmingham.    It  has  a  church. 


MAC 


1718 


MAC 


MacCall's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Miss., 
16  miles  W.  of  Brookhaven, 

Mac  Call's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Columbia  <fc  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  18  miles  S.B.  of  Columbia. 

MacCall's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  in  Lower  Chanceford  township, 
about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

MacCal'mont,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo,,  Pa.   P.  483. 

Maccalnba,mik^ki-loo'ba,  a  remarkable  mud- volcano 
of  Sicily,  6  miles  N.  of  Girgenti.     It  is  frequently  active. 

MacCam'eron,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind., 
about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  contains  6  churches. 
Pop.  985. 

MacCamish,  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.    See  MacAhish. 

MacCam'mon,  a  post-ofBce  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark. 

Mac'can,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Maooan  River,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 9  miles  S.  of  Amherst.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  tan- 
nery, and  3  stores.  There  are  coal-mines  in  the  neighbor- 
hood.    Pop.  250. 

MacCand'less,  township,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     P.  957. 

MacCandless,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

MacCandless,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Butler.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Mac'can  In'tervale,  or  Little  Forks,  apost-rillage 
in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  5  miles  from  Athol.  It 
contains  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Mac'can  River,  a  small  river  which  falls  into  the  Cum- 
berland Basin,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fnndy,  Nova 
Scotia.     It  is  navigable  for  5  miles  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

MacCann's'  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa. 

MacCants',  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa. 

MacCar'thy  (or  M'Carthy,  mak-kar'thee)  Island 
(native,  Janjan  Buri,  jin^jin'  boo'ri),  an  island  of  West 
Africa,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  the  Gambia  River, 
127  miles  from  its  mouth.  Area,  3  square  miles.  Pop. 
1600,  mostly  liberated  Africans. 

MacCart'ney's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of 
De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph. 

MacCar'tyville,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  0. 

MacCauIey,  mak-kaw'le,  a  station  in  Clear&eld  co., 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Osceola. 

MacCauleyville,  a  post-village  of  Wilkin  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  about  30  miles  S.  of- Moore- 
head.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  117. 

3Iaccherio,  m&k-k^'re-o,  or  Macherio,  m&-k&'re-o, 
a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan,  near  the  Lambro. 

Macchiavalfortore,  mik^ke-i-vil-foR-to'ri,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  E.  of  Campobasso. 

MacCla'ry,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co..  111. 

MacCleary,  mak-kleer'e,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co., 
0.,  at  East  Union. 

MacCleary,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  about  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

MacClel'Ian,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Illinois  line,  and  on  Beaver  Lake.     Pop.  141. 
1       MacClellan,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Moira 
;    township,  3^  miles  from  Moira.     It  has  a  butter-factory. 

MacClel'Iand's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga. 

MacClel'landsrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  on  or  near  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad, 
about  2  miles  N.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. 

MacClel'landtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.. 
Pa.,  8  miles  W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

MacClel'Ian  Gulch,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co., 
Montana,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Helena.     Gold  is  found  here. 

MacClel'lanville,  a  post-village  of  Charleston  co., 
S.C,  about  40  miles  N.E.  from  Charleston.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mac'clesfield,  a  borough  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles  S.  of  Manchester. 
It  is  built  on  an  acclivity,  and  has  several  handsome  streets, 
a  large  church,  a  grammar-school  founded  in  1502  (annual 
revenue  £900),  a  town  hall,  ancient  jail,  assembly-rooms, 
theatre,  news-room,  library,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  spacious  market-house.  It  has  extensive  manufact- 
ures of  various  silk  fabrics  and  upholsterers'  trimmings,  and 
some  cotton-mills.  Coal  is  plentiful,  and  a  canal  joins  that 
of  Peak  Forest,  thus  connecting  with  Manchester  and  Lon- 
don. It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  Parker  family.  Pop. 
in  1891,  36,009. 

MacCliu'tockville,  apost-village  of  Venango  co.,Pa., 


in  Cornplanter  township,  on  Oil  Creek,  and   on  the  Oil 
Creek  <fe  Alleghany  River  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Oil  City. 

MacClu'ney,  or  MacLu'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroaj, 
16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Zanesville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

MacClure,  mak-kloor',  a  township  of  Alleghany  co. 
Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  near  Alleghany  City.     Pop.  3816. 

MacClure,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  Ac. 

MacClure,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

MacClure  Settlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Sanford  township,  4  miles  from  Deposit.  It  has  a 
church. 

MacClurg,  Johnson  co..  Mo.    See  Benton. 

MacComb,  mak-k5m',  a  post-village  of  Pike  oo.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &,  Chicago  Railroad,  105  miles 
N.  of  New  Orleans.     It  has  several  stores.   P.  (1890)  2383. 

MacComb,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  in  Pleas- 
ant township,  about  44  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Toledo,  and  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Findlay.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  417. 

MacCombe's  (mak-komz')  Mountain,  New  York,  a 
peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  about  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Dix's  Peak,  near  the  source  of  Schroon  River.  Its  altitude 
is  4371  feet. 

MacCon'nell,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga. 

MacConnell,  Tennessee.    See  Edgar. 

MacConnell's,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

MacConnelPs,  a  station  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sacramento. 

MacCon'nellsburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Fulton 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Todd  township,  in  a  fertile  valley,  at  the  base 
of  Cove  Mountain,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg. 
It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  It  contains  4 
churches,  3  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  tanneries,  and  a 
foundry  with  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  394. 

MacCon'nelPs  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson 
CO.,  111.,  in  Waddams  township,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lena. 
It  has  a  church. 

MacConnell's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  in  Chartiers  township,  2  miles  from  Houstonville  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

MacCon'nellstown,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Walker  township,  on  the  Huntingdon  A  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  flour-mills. 

MacCon'nell  sville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  CO.,  N.T., 
in  Vienna  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  118. 

MacConnellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Chester. 
It  has  2  stores  and  an  academy. 

MacConnelsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  in  Morgan  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mus- 
kingum River,  about  27  miles  below  Zanesville,  and  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  sash-  and  door-factory.  In  the  vicinity 
of  this  place  are  extensive  salt-works.     Pop.  (1890)  1771. 

MacCook',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota. 
Area,  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  and 
West  Forks  of  the  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Rail- 
roads.    Capital,  Salem.     Pop.  in  1880, 1283  j  in  1890.  6448. 

MacCord',  a  township  of  Bond  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1433.  It 
contains  Pleasant  Prairie. 

MacCords'ville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind., 
in  Vernon  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincin- 
nati &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  India- 
napolis.    It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  168. 

MacCow'an,  a  village  and  station  of  Delaware  co., 
Ind.,  in  Monroe  township,"  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  <fe 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Muncie.  It  has  several 
churches.     Here  is  Cowan  Post-Office.     Pop.  about  160. 

MacCoy's'  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &>  Lafayette  Railroad, 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  tile-factory. 

MacCoy's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.     It  has  a  church. 

MacCoys'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

MacCrack'en,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  oo 


MAC 


1719 


MAC 


the  N.E.  by  the  Ohio  and  Tennessee  Rivers,  the  latter  of 
which  enters  the  former  at  Paducah.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  Mayfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Newport  News  &  Mis- 
sissippi Valley,  St.  Louis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute,  and  Padu- 
cah, Tennessee  &  Alabama  Railroads,  which  connect  with 
Paducah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,988;  in  1880, 
16,262;  in  1890,  21,051. 

MacCray',  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  cc,  N.C.,  8 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Graham. 

MacCre'die,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Callaway  co., 
Mo.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Fulton. 

MacCuI'loch,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the 
San  Saba  River  and  by  Brady's  Creek,  which  runs  through 
the  S.  central  part  of  the  county,  from  W.  to  E.,  and  enters 
the  San  Saba  in  San  Saba  co.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  among  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Brady.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1533;  in  1890,  3217. 

MacCalloch's  mills,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Juniata  co.. 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 

MacCuue,  mak-kun',  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co., 
Kansas,  in  Osage  township,  on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  & 
Colorado  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Parsons. 

MacCuneville,  mak-kun'vil,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  41  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church, 

35  dwellings,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  manufactory  of  salt.  Pop. 
about  250. 

MacCutch'anville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co., 
Ind.,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacCutch'enville,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co., 
0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian  Station, 
and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacDade',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 

36  miles  E.  of  Austin.     It  has  6  general  stores. 
MacDan'iel,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  843. 
MacDaniel's,  a  station  in  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 

Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Calhoun. 

MacDanielS)  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

MacDaniel's,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

MacDan'ieltown,  a  post-office  of  Talbot  co.,  Md. 

MacDill',  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa. 

AlacDill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  in  Plover 
township,  1^  miles  from  Stevens  Point.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

MacDon'ald,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Mis- 
souri, borders  on  Arkansas.  Area,  about  580  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Elk  or  Cowskin  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  pine,  cedar,  &c.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lead 
is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Smith  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Pineville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5226;  in  1880,  7816;  in  1890,  11,283. 

MacDonald,  a  small  post-village  of  Thomas  co.,  Ga., 
12  miles  N.  of  Boston  Railroad  Station,  surrounded  by  pine 
forests.     It  has  a  church. 

MacDonald,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
at  Deerfield  Station  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.  of  Bangor. 

MacDonald,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  509. 

MacDonaid,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.     P.  2035. 

MacDonaldy  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  900. 

MacDonaldy  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
in  Cecil  and  Robinson  townships,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Rail- 
roail.  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  collieries.     Pop.  in  1880,  425 ;  in  1890,  1698. 

MacDonaid)  a  poet-office  of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  and 
a  station  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga. 

MacDonaid  Mills^  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

MacDonald'S)  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W. 
of  Oxford. 

MacDonald's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Lanark 
00.,  Ontario,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  26  miles  N.  of  Perth. 

MacDonald's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Brunswick  <k  Albany  Railroad,  82  miles  W.  of  Bruns- 
wick.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

MacDonald's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo..  Miss. 

MacDonald's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  oo., 


New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  6  miles  firom  Wick- 
ham.     Pop.  200. 

MacDon'aldsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0., 
about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Canton. 

MacDouogh,  m^k-don'^  a  station  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

MacDonongh,  m)^k-don'%,  a  county  in  the  W.  part 
of  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Crooked  Creek  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than 
the  latter.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Many  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quinoy  and 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Western  Railroads,  the  former  of  which 
connects  with  Macomb,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,509; 
in  1880,  27,970;  in  1890,  27,467. 

MacDonongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

MacDonongh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co., 
Ga.,  about  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  320. 

MacDonongh,  a  post-village  in  McDonough  town- 
ship, Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Geneganset  Creek,  about  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wool- 
len-mill, and  2  carriage-shops.  Pop.  256 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1277. 

MacDoii'gal,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

MacDou'gall's,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  oo.,  N.Y. 

MacDow'ell,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  476  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Catawba  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  Blue  Ridge, 
here  nearly  6000  feet  high,  extends  along  the  W.  border  of 
this  county.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  mountainous 
and  covered  with  forests.  The  valleys  produce  pasture, 
Indian  corn,  &o.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  Si 
Danville  and  Charleston,  Cincinnati  &  Chicago  Railroads, 
both  of  which  connect  with  Marion,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7592;  in  1880,  9836;  in  1890,  10,939. 

MacDowell,  the  most  southern  county  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  soil.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Peeryville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1952;  in  1880,  ."^074:  in  1890,  7300. 

MacDowell,  a  post-office  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arisona. 

MacDowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  on 
the  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  a  church. 

3IacDowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
S,  of  Verona  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

MacDowell,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  36 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  mines 
of  iron  ore  (hematite). 

MacDowell  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co., 
111.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kankakee.     Here  is  a  church. 

MacDowell's,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Gainesville  Branch  of  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Gainesville. 

MacDowell's,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Demopolis. 

MacDnflP,  a  burgh  and  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  1  mile  E.  of  Banff,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  fine 
bridge  across  the  Deveron.  Pop.  4000.  It  has  an  excellent 
artificial  harbor,  a  good  trade,  and  fishery,  and  is  connected 
by  railroad  with  Aberdeen. 

MacDuffie,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Little  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Brier  Creek.  Area,  235  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Thomson,  the 
capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  9449;  in  1890,  8789. 

Mace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  &  Western  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
blacksmith-shops,  a  carriage-factory,  <fco. 

Macedon,  mas'se-d^n,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Macedon  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine- 
shop,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  533 ;  of  the  township,  2564. 

Macedon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Piqua. 

Macedon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Macedon  town- 
ship, Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Canandaigua 


MAC 


1720 


MAC 


and  1  mile  N.  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Macedonia^  mas-se-do'ne-a,  an  ancient  and  celebrated 
country  of  Europe,  lying  immediately  N.  of  Greece,  now 

chiefly  included  in  the  Turkish  province  of  Roumelia. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Macedonian,  mas-se-do'ne-an. 

Macedonia.    See  Rouuelia. 

Macedonia)  a  post-ofEice  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Ga. 

Macedonia,  mas-se-do'ne-^,,  a  post-village  of  Hamil- 
ton CO.,  111.,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  McLeansborough,  and 
about  32  miles  E.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank- 
ing-house, and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Macedonia^  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Monroe  township,  3  miles  from  MoCowan  Station.  It  has 
a  church. 

Macedonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawattamie  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Emerson  Station. 
Pop.  of  Macedonia  township,  451. 

Macedonia,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Miss.,  8  miles  W. 
of  Saltillo  Railroad  Station. 

Macedonia,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C., 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Macedonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  4  or  5  miles  B.  of  Towanda. 

Macedonia  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Summit  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  or  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Maceio,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Macato. 

MacEIhat'tan,  or  Rock'ville,  a  post- village  of  Clin- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  at  Wayne  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie 
Railroad,  and  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  5 
miles  E.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  several  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  &c. 

Macello,  mi-chSl'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  from 
Pinerolo,  on  the  Chisone.     Pop.  2056. 

MacElrath',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  from  Newport  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacElroy',  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va. 

Macerata,  mi-chi-ri'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  the  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  21  miles  S.  of  Ancona,  on 
an  eminence  above  the  Potenza,  midway  between  the  Apen- 
nines and  the  sea.  It  is  walled,  and  has  6  gates.  The 
streets  in  general  are  straight,  spacious,  and  clean,  and 
lined  with  handsome  houses  and  several  palaces.  The  square 
in  the  centre  is  of  great  extent,  and  contains  the  cathedral, 
the  provincial  palace,  and  theatre.  There  are  also  6  other 
churches  and  1  or  2  convents.  Macerata  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  a  court  of  first  resort,  an  appeal  court,  a 
university,  a  museum,  a  library,  and  2  literary  societies. 
Pop.  19,831. 

Macerata,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
traversed  by  the  Apennines,  and  bounded  E.  by  the  Adriatic. 
Area,  1057  square  miles.    Capital,  Macerata.    Pop.  236,994. 

Macerata-Feltria,  m4-ch4-r&'t&  f$l'tre-&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  2196. 

Macerise,  the  Latin  name  of  Maz^res. 

Maceriae  Maderiacum,  the  Latin  for  MIziSres. 

Mace's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Lowell 
A  Andover  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lowell.  It  is  also 
on  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad. 

Mace's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  Mace's  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Pundy, 
about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Mace's  Hole,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co..  Col. 

Macestus,  ancient  name  of  the  Soosighirlee-Soo. 

Mac  Ew'en's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  Gloversville. 

MacEwen  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  57  miles 
W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

MacEw'ensville,  a  post-borough  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Delaware  township,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Danville,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Rail- 
road. It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  furniture,  &o.     Pop.  342. 

MacFad'den,  a  post-village  of  York  oo..  Neb.,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  about  50  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  farming-implements. 

MacFar'Ian,  a  township  of  Hardin  co..  111.    P.  827. 

MacFar'land,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Neb.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Lincoln. 

MacFarland,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Catfish  River,  in  Dunn  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  and 
i  mile  from  Lake  Eegonsa.     It  has  a  church. 


MacFarland's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tex^ 
50  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

MacFarland's,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  oo.,  Va. 

MacGaheysville,  mak-ga'hiz-vll,  a  post-village  of 
Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  from  Harrisonburg.  It  ha( 
2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Iron  ore  abounds  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

MacGar'vey,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona. 

MacGav'ock,  a  post-office  of  Mississippi  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River. 

MacGee's'  Switch,  a  station  in  Holmes  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  by  B. 
of  Canton. 

MacGe'hee  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Bolivar  oo^ 
Miss. 

MacGe'hee's,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  <k  Montgomery  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Montgomery. 

MacGhee's',  a  station  in  Jefferson  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Brook ville. 

MacGill',  a  post-office  of  Paulding  co.,  0. 

Mac^Gillicnd'dy  Reeks,  the  loftiest  mountain- 
range  in  Ireland,  Munster,  oo.  of  Kerry,  extending  for 
about  10  miles,  between  Lake  Killarney  on  the  E.  and  Lake 
Carra  on  the  W.  Height  of  Carran-Tual,  the  highest  peak, 
3414  feet. 

MacGiKlivray,  Ireland,  or  Flan'igan's,  a  post- 
village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

MacGillivray  River.     See  KooxENAy  River. 

MacGirk's',  a  station  in  Moniteau  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  California,  Mo. 

MacGon'igle's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  k  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200. 

MacGow'an's  Mills,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  20  miles  from  Smithton. 

MacGraw',  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

MacGraws'ville,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Columbus  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Logansport. 

MacGraw'ville,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Cortlandville  township,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Syracuse, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Cortland.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
union  school  or  academy,  and  a  corset-factory.     Pop.  637. 

MacGreg'or,  a  city  of  Clayton  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  opposite  Prairie  du  Chien,  65  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  La  Crosse,  and  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  is 
on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  is 
adjacent  to  North  McGregor,  which  is  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  contains  a  national  bank, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  5  churches,  and 
has  manufactures  of  carriages,  sleighs,  lumber,  and  wind- 
mills. A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  1160, 
exclusive  of  North  McGregor. 

MacGuire',  a  township  of  Marion  co..  111.    Pop.  1161. 

Machado,  m&-ch&'do,  post-office,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal. 

MacheconI,  misb^kool'  (L.  Machieo'lium),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nantes,  on 
the  Falleron.  It  was  anciently  the  capital  of  the  duchy  of 
Retz.     Pop.  1781. 

Macheenwara,  m&-cheen-w&'r&,  a  town  of  India,  4 
miles  S.  of  the  Sutlej,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Loodianah. 

Machelen,  mfi,K'§-l§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  East  Flanders,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pep.  2500. 

Machell's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Aurora. 

MacHen'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  bor- 
ders on  Wisconsin.  Area,  about  624  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Fox  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kish- 
waukee  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  branches 
of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  namely,  the  Galena 
division,  the  Wisconsin  division,  and  the  Kenosha  &  Roek- 
ford  Branch.  Capital,  Woodstock.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,762; 
in  1880,  24,908;  in  1890,  26,114. 

MacHenry,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  1476  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Souris  or  Mouse  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Towner,  the  cap- 
ital.    Pop.  in  1890,  1684. 

MacHenry,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co..  III.,  in 
McHenry  township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 


MAC 


1721 


MAC 


A  Northwestern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Elgin,  and  50  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflBce,  4  churches, 
and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.  Steamboats 
run  from  this  place  to  Fox  Lake,  7  miles.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  in  1890,  2655;  of  the  village,  979. 

MacIIenry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  oo.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E. 
of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 
MacHenry,  a  post-oflBce  of  Garrett  co.,  Md. 
MacHenry,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    P.  309. 
Macherio,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Maccherio. 
Macheria,  rai-shfia'li,  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  district  and  70  miles  W.  of  Guntoor. 
Macherry,  a  principality  of  India.     See  Alvak. 
Mach^ga'on,  or  Machh^ga'on,  a  port  of  India,  in 
Orissa,  on  the  navigable  river  Devi,  9  miles  from  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Cuttack  by  canal.     It  is  acces- 
sible to  small  sea-going  vessels,  and  has  a  large  rice-trade. 
Machiana,  mi-che-i'ni,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Amazon  River,  between  the  islands  of 
Joannes  and  Caviana,  in  lat.  0°  5'  S.,  Ion.  49°  40'  W. 

Machias,  match-i'as,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital 
of  Washington  cc.  Me.,  is  on  the  Machias  River,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  from  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  and  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bangor.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  the  coast-trade,  the  lumber-business,  and 
ship- building.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Machias  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
several  saw-mills,  and  sash-  and  blind-factories.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2525. 

Machias, 'a  post-village  in  Machias  township,  Catta- 
raugus CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Buffalo,  New  Ydrk  & 
Philadelphia  Railroad  (Machias  Station),  and  43  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  also  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  N.E.  of  Salamanca.  It  has  2  churches,  7 
jtores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  500;  of 
the  township,  1303. 

Machiasport,  match-i'as-port,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  is  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  at  the 
mouth  of  Machias  River,  about  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  village 
of  Machias.  It  contains  3  churches.  It  has  a  good  harbor 
and  some  trade,  and  is  partly  supported  by  ship-building. 
A  railroad  extends  hence  7  miles  to  Whitneyville.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1437. 

Machias  River,  Maine,  runs  southeastward  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  through  a  small 
inlet  called  Machias  Bay.  At  the  head  of  the  latter  stands 
Avery's  Rock  Light-House. 

Machicolium,  the  Latin  for  Machecoitl. 
Machinac'tes,  a  village  of  MoMtgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Merion  township,  near  King  of  Prussia. 
Machine,  La,  France.    See  La  Machine. 
Ma^chip'onix,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Monroe  township,  2  miles  from  Tracey's  Railroad  Station. 

Machirville,  mach'§r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio,  12  miles  below  Pomeroy,  0. 
Machnovka,  or  Machnowka.    See  Maknovka. 
Macho'doc,  a  post-oflSce  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 
Machow,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Makov. 
Machynlleth,    pronounced    almost    mi-htlnt'leth,    a 
borough  of  Wales,  co.  and  32  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mont- 
gomery, on  the  navigable  river  Dovey.     Pop.  2042.     The 
borough  unites  with  Montgomery  in  sending  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Macieowice,  m4ts-yi-o-veet'sA,  a  town  of  Poland, 
province  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Siedlec,  on  the  Vistula. 

Macln'doe's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co., 
Vt.,  in  Barnet  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on 
the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  church,  Ao. 

Macln'lerfer's  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  Stony 
Creek  in  St.  Joseph  co. 

Mackintosh,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  419  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Altamaha 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Rice,  lum- 
ber, and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &,  Western  Railroad. 
Capital,  Darien.  Pop.  in  1870,  4491 ;  in  1880,  6241 ;  in 
1890, 6470. 

Macintosh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Liberty  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  several  general  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Macintosh  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
Ala.,  I^  miles  from  Leona  Station. 

Mac'intyre,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  oo..  N.Y.,  in 

loa 


Stanford  township,  on  the  Poughkeepsie,  Hartford  A  Bos- 
ton Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  flonr,  car- 
riages, lumber,  &o. 

Maclntyre,  a  post-township  of  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa.,  is 
intersected  by  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  on  whieh 
Mclntyre  Station  (with  Langdon  Post-Office)  is  25  miles 
N.  of  Williamsport.  Mclntyre  village  is  2i  miles  N.E.  of 
Ralston,  and  is  connected  with  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road by  a  gravity  railroad.  Here  much  semi-bituminooa 
coal  is  mined,  and  some  iron  ore  is  found.  Mclntyre  vil- 
lage has  a  church,  and  over  200  dwellings.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1S90,  608. 

MacI'vor's,  a  station  in  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Lynchburg. 

Mack^all',  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

MacKay,  mak-ka',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in 
Green  township,"  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mansfield.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

MacKay's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Harwich. 

MacKay's  Lake,  in  the  district  of  Algoma,  Ontario, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  is  about  12  miles  long 
and  2i  miles  wide.     It  gives  rise  to  the  Pic  River. 

MacKay's  (mak-kiz')  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vio- 
toria  CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  St.  Patrick's  Channel  (8. 
side),  2  miles  from  Baddeck.     Pop.  150. 

MacKay  (mak-ka')  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  0.,  in  Liberty  township,  on  a  railroad,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  an  elevator. 

MacKean,  mak-keen',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about 
1065  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Clarion  River,  which  rises  in  it, 
and  by  Kenjua,  Potato,  and  Tionesta  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple,  ash,  hemlock,  and  pine  abound.  Lumber  and 
petroleum  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Among  its  min- 
eral resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  slate. '  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Western  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  several  other  lines.  Capital,  Smethport.  Chief 
town,  Bradford.  Pop.  in  1870,  8826 ;  in  1880,  42,565 ;  in 
1890,  46,863. 

MacKean,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  Q.  Pop.  990. 
It  contains  Fredonia. 

MacKean,  or  Mid'dleborongh,  a  post-village  of 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  McKean  township,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1426. 

MacKean  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  3°  35'  S.,  Ion. 
174°  17'  W.),  is  uninhabited.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

MacKeansburg,  mak-keenz'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Pottsville.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  or  3  stores. 

MacKee',  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  IlL     Pop.  1410. 

MacKee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ky., 
about  50  miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

MacKeen',  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in  Wabash 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <k  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  W.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  stave-factory. 

MacKee's'  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Adams  oo.,  runs 
eastward  through  Brown  oo.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River 
in  Pike  co.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Perry. 

MacKee's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Freedom  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  mines  and  manufac- 
tures of  iron. 

MacKee's  Half  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder 
CO.,  Pa.,  near  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Harrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacKees'port,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Youghiogheny,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A 
Baltimore  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Its  pros- 
perity is  partly  derived  from  operations  in  coal,  which  is 
mined  near  this  place.  It  has  7  churches,  an  academy  and 
graded  school,  the  National  Tube- Works,  a  national  bank, 
1  other  bank,  steel-works,  iron-works,  2  newspaper  offices, 
Ac.  Natural  gas  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  20,741.  Mo- 
Keesport  Station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston 
Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

MacKe'niy's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  S.  of  Goshen  Bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

MacKendree  College,  Illinois.    See  Lrbahow. 

MacKen'dree  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo.. 


MAC 


1722 


MAC 


W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  H  miles  S.E. 
of  Charleston. 

llacken'zie,  a  river  of  North  Australia,  about  lat.  23° 
36'  S.,  flowing  from  the  W.     Coal  is  found  along  its  course. 

MacKen'zie,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  113  miles 
N.B.  of  Memphis,  and  120  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  con- 
tains a  newspaper  oflSce,  3  churches.  Bethel  College  (Cum- 
berland Presbyterian),  a  cotton-yarn-factory,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  900. 

Mackenzie  Islands,  a  group  in  the  North  Pacific, 
belonging  to  the  Caroline  Islands.    Lat  10°  N..:  Ion.  140°  E. 

Mackenzie  Point,  a  cape  in  Cook's  Inlet,  Alaska. 

Mackenzie  (mak-kSn'zee)  River,  a  large  river  of 
British  North  America,  which  in  the  upper  part  of  its 
course  is  called  the  Athabasca  (which  see).  This  rises  near 
Mount  Brown  and  enters  Lake  Athabasca,  from  which  Slave 
River  runs  nearly  northward  to  Great  Slave  Lake.  The 
water  accumulated  in  this  lake  issues  from  its  western  end 
and  runs  northwestward.  The  name  of  Mackenzie  is  ap- 
plied to  that  part  of  the  river  which  is  between  its  mouth 
and  Great  Slave  Lake.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course  it 
runs  near  the  N.B.  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  enters 
the  Arctic  Ocean  near  lat.  68°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  135°  30'  W. 
The  length  of  the  river  from  Great  Slave  Lake  to  the  ocean 
is  nearly  900  miles.  It  is  a  mile  wide  at  many  places,  and 
is  navigable  for  steamboats  through  almost  its  whole  extent ; 
but  the  northern  part  of  it  is  closed  by  ice  nearly  9  months 
in  the  year.  This  river,  including  the  Athabasca  and  Slave 
Rivers,  is  about  2300  miles  long,  and  its  catchment  basin 
measures  443,000  square  miles. 

MacKenzie's,  a  landing  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  4i  miles  from  Toronto. 

MacKenzie's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Carleton 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  10  piiles  S.W.  of  Woodstock.    Pop.  350. 

MacKenzie's  Corners,  Ontario.    SeeSpKiNGBROOK. 

Mack'ey  Grove,  a  post-oflBce  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa. 

Mack'ey's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
N.C.,  1  mile  S.  from  Albemarle  Sound. 

Mack'eyville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Clinton  co..  Pa. 

Mack'ford,  a  township  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
1419.     It  contains  Markesan. 

Mackie's  (mak'iz)  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Moresville  Railroad  Station. 

Mackinac,  mak'e-naw,  sometimes  written  Macki- 
naw, a  county  of  Michigan,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  upper 
peninsula,  borders  on  Lake  Huron  and  Lake  Michigan. 
It  is  separated  from  the  lower  peninsula  by  the  Strait  of 
Mackinac.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
«oil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Lumber  and  fish  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  This  county  comprises  the  beautiful 
Mackinaw  Island,  which  is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of 
tourists.  It  has  abundance  of  limestone.  Area,  1045  square 
miles.  Capital,  Saint  Ignace.  Pop.  in  1870, 1716 ;  in  1880, 
2902;  in  1890,  7830. 

Mackinac  (Mackinaw)  Island,  a  post-village  of 
Mackinac  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  a  small  island  at  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Lake  Huron,  about  320  miles  by  water  N.N.W. 
of  Detroit.  .  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  several  hotels,  and  a 
safe  harbor,  and  is  a  popular  place  of  summer  resort.  Here 
is  Fort  Mackinaw,  on  a  rocky  hill,  nearly  200  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  lake.     Pop.  in  1890,  760. 

Mackinaw,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the 
Mackinaw  Creek,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad.  16  miles  E.  of 
Pekin,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches, 
manufactures  of  flour  and  washing-machines,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  496  :  of  the  township,  1379. 

Mackinaw  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheboygan  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Strait  of  Mackinac,  30  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  attractive  scenery. 

Mackinaw  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  McLean  co.,  runs 
westward  through  Woodford  co.,  and  southwestward  in 
Tazewell  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  2  or  3  miles 
below  Pekin.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

MacKin'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  38 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Selma.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

MacKin'ney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Collin  co.,  Tex., 
is  near  the  East  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  Houston 
A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Denison,  and  31 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Dallaa.  It  has  a  college,  a  bank,  6 
ehurobes,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1479 ;  in  1890,  2489. 


MacKin'ney's,  a  station  in  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Cayuga  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Ithaca. 

MacKinney's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  co..  Mo. 

MacKinney's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  S. 
of  Danville. 

MacKin'neyvill  e,  a  post-village  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss., 
on  Big  Deer  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Rolling  Fork.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  stores. 

MacKins'try's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church 
and  10  residences. 

MacKin'zie  Bridge,  post-office.  Lane  oo.,  Oregon. 

MacKnight'8,  mak-nits',  a  post-office  of  Chambers 
CO.,  Ala. 

MacKnight's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co., 
Iowa,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Algona. 

MacKnightstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  a  church. 

MacKown'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
4  miles  from  West  Albany. 

Macks'burg,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grand  River  township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Winterset 
It  ha^  2  churches. 

Macks  burg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Aurelius  township,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <k  Cleveland 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop  about  250. 

Mack's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Camden  oo..  Mo. 

Macks'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Macksville,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Terre  Haute,  Vandalia  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of 
Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Macksville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Waskom  Station,  and  24  miles  B.  of  Marshall. 
It  has  a  church,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Macksville,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

MacKune's  (mak-kunz)  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania A  New  York  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pittston. 

Mack'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  about  27 
miles  £.  of  Decatur.     It  ha«  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Mackville,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  Ky.,  about 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw 
mill,  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  180. 

Mackville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo. 

Mackville,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis. 

MacLainsborough,  mak-lanz'bur-ruh,  a  post-office 
of  Hill  CO.,  Tex.,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Waco. 

MacLane',  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  pump- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

MacLaughlin,  mak-15R'lin,  a  station  in  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Plum  Creek  Branch  of  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad.     Nearest  post-offices.  New  Texas  and  Negley. 

MacLaughlinsville,  mak-l6H'lins-vIl,  a  village  of 
Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in  Washington  township,  7  miles 
E.  of  Hulton  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

MacLean,  mak-lain',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  1166  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Kickapoo,  Mackinaw,  Salt,  and  Sugar 
Creeks,  which  all  rise  within  it.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  presents  a  wide  expanse  of  prairie.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  horses, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  scarcity  of 
timber  is  compensated  by  extensive  deposits  of  bituminous 
coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central, 
Toledo,  Peoria  A  Western,  Chicago  A  Alton,  Lake  Erie  A 
Western,  and  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis 
Railroads.  Capital,  Bloomington.  Pop.  in  1870,  63,988; 
in  1880,  60,100;  in  1890,  63,036. 

MacLean,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  25fi  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  and  is  bounded  on  several  sides  by  the  same. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Pond  River  and  Cypress  Creek.  A 
large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville Railroad.  Capital,  Calhoun.  Pop.  in  1870,  7614; 
in  1880,  9293;  in  1890,  9887. 

MacLean,  a  W.  central  county  of  North  Dakot 
Area,  702  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  th 
Missouri  River.  It  has  several  small  lakes.  Capital,  Wasl 
burn.     Pop.  in  1890,  860. 

MacLean,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  li 
Mount  Hope  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad 


MAC 


1723 


MAC 


16  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  Ac.    P.  600. 

Macliean,  a  township  of  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.     P.  316. 

Macliean^  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fc  Elmira  Railroad, 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  5  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  threshing- 
machines,  churns,  cheese,  firkins,  &o.     Pop.  405. 

MacLean,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1309.  It 
contains  Berlin. 

MacLean's,  North  Carolina.     See  MacLeansville. 

Macliean'Sj  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Allentown. 

MacLeansborough,  mak-lanz'biir-riih,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  on  the  McLeansborough 
and  Shawneetown  Branches  of  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern 
Railroad,  102  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  48 
miles  S.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  col- 
lege, 2  or  3  churches,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  1355. 

JHacIieansborough  Junction,  Hamilton  co.,  HI.,  is 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Shaw- 
nee Junction,  and  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  extending  2 
miles  S.  to  McLeansborough. 

MacLeansville,  mak-lanz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Guilford 
CO.,  N.C.,  at  McLean's  Station  on  the  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Greensborough. 

MacLel'lan's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co., 
Pa.,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  2  stores. 

MacLemoresville,  mS,k-l§-mors'vil,  a  post-village  of 
Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

MacLen'nan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
nas  an  area  of  about  1040  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Brazos  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Bosque  River 
and  Middle  Bosque  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central, 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas,  St.  Louis  Southwestern,  and 
San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroads.  Capital,  Waco. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,500;  in  1880,  26,934;  in  1890,  39,204. 

Maclieod,  mak-ldwd',  a  lake  and  fort  of  Canada, 
North-West  Territories.     Lat.  55°  N. ;  Ion.  122°  15'  W. 

MacLeod,  mak-15wd',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part 
of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  504  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Hassan  or  South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  BuS"alo  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  small  lakes,  prairies,  and  dense  for- 
ests of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak,  elm,  and  ash. 
Capital,  Glencoe.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  5643 ;  in  1880, 
12^42;  in  1890,  17,026. 

MacLeod's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Bowling  Green. 

MacLer'an's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a 
pulp-mill,  Ac. 

MacLuney,  Perry  co,  Ohio.    See  MacCltjney. 

MacMaI'lis  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hoyalton  township,  2  miles  from  Gasport. 

MacMechen's,  mak-mek'§nz,  a  station  on  the  Balti- 
more <t  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

MacMichael's,  mak-mi'k§lz,  a  post-office  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Pa. 

MacMil'Ian,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Holston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  2  or  3  stores. 

MacMil'lan's,  township.  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1635. 

MacMilMen,  a  post-village  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arizona, 
150  miles  E.  of  Maricopa  Wells.  It  has  silver  mines.  Pop. 
about  600. 

MacMil'lin,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Texas. 

MacMinn',  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  462  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Hiawassee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Chestnut  Creek. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  and  Nashville,  Tellico  & 
Charleston  Railroads.  Capital,  Athens.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,«69;  in  1880,  15,064;  in  1890,  17,890. 


MacMinn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  a  Baptist  college,  5  churches,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  brick-yard,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1880,  670 ;  in  1890,  1368. 

MacMinnville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Tenn.,  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  is  34  miles 
N.B.  of  Tullahoma,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Mc- 
Minnville  &  Manchester  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  6  churches,  a  cotton -factory,  2  colleges,  a  national 
bank,  a  saw-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  roller-mill,  a  foundry,  and 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1677. 

MacMul'len,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Rio  Frio  and  the  Rio  Nueces,  and  also  drained  by  the  San 
Miguel  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle, 
which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Tilden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  230;  in  1880,  701;  in  1890,  1038. 

MacNairy,  mak-ni'ree,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
•  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  560  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Hatchie  River  and  several  small  affluents 
of  the  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  more  than  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Rail- 
road traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  it.  Capital,  Selmer.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,726;  in  1880,  17,271;  in  1890,  15,510. 

MacNairy  Station,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  27  mile^  S.E.  of 
Jackson. 

MacNa'ry  Station,  a  post-village  of  Muhlenburg  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Greenville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  staves 
and  heading. 

MacNean,  mak-neen'  (Upper  and  Lower),  2  lakes  of 
Ireland,  Ulster  and  Connaught,  counties  of  Fermanagh  and 
Leitrim,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Enniskillen. 

MacNeill's,  mak-neelz',  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  532. 

MacNeill's,  a  post-office  of  Hampton  oo.,  S.C,  5  milea 
from  Varnville  Station. 

MacNeil's  (mak-neelz')  Harbor,  an  inlet  on  Van- 
couver Island,  in  lat.  50°  35'  N.,  Ion.  127°  10'  W. 

MacNutt',  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga. 

MacNutt,  a  post-village  of  Leflore  co..  Miss.,  about  100 
miles  N.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cypress  lumber.     Pop.  44. 

Macomb,  ma-koom',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mich- 
igan, has  an  area  of  about  468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  is  drained  by  Clinton 
River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  oak,  hickory,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central  and 
Grand  Trunk  Railroads,  the  latter  of  which  connects  with 
Mount  Clemens,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,616;  in  1880, 
31,627;  in  1890,  31,813. 

Macomb,  a  city,  the  capital  of  McDonough  co..  111.,  in 
Macomb  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bush- 
nell,  and  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high 
school,  4  newspaper  offices,  the  McDonough  Normal  and 
Scientific  College,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  earth- 
enware. Pop.  in  1890,  4062 ;  of  the  township,  exclusive 
of  the  city,  1221. 

Macomb,  a  post-hamlet  in  Macomb  township,  Maoomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Clemens,  and  about  24 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Detroit.  The  township  is  drained  by  an 
affluent  of  Clinton  River.     Pop.  1793. 

Macomb,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Ogdensburg,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Black  Lake.     Pop.  1760.     It  contains  Pope's  Mills. 

Macomb,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

Macomer,  m&-ko-maiR',  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, division  of  Sassari,  E.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2390. 

M4con,  ma,^k6N»'  (anc.  Matis'co),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Saflne-et-Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Sa8ne,  36  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chalons.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  with  narrow  streets.  The  quay  is  broad,  high,  and 
of  great  length,  and  is  lined  with  several  good  houses  and 
oaf6s.  A  bridge  of  12  arches,  sometimes  attributed  to 
Ctesar,  connects  the  town  with  that  of  Saint- Laurent,  on  the 


b 


MAD 


1726 


MAD 


The  prevailing  rocks  are  granite,  syenite,  and  pure  quartz, 
with  abundant  volcanic  masses  and  a  long  series  of  stratified 
rooks,  which  probably  compose  the  subordinate  ridges,  or 
nearly  all  beyond  the  central  heights.  The  chief  deposits 
of  iron  lie  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  volcanic  rocks.  They 
have,  however,  copper,  manganese,  plumbago,  rock  salt  (an 
important  article  of  inland  trade),  nitre,  and  sulphur  from 
pyrites;  and  it  is  said  that  excellent  coal  has  been  found 
near  the  sources  of  a  river  falling  into  the  Betisbooka. 

The  heat,  on  the  coasts,  is  often  intense ;  but  on  the  high- 
land of  Ankova  the  thermometer  rarely  rises  above  85°; 
in  the  winter  it  often  sinks,  at  the  same  place,  to  40°  ;  hail 
and  sleet  are  frequent,  and  it  is  said  that  ice  is  often  found 
in  the  mountains  of  Ankaratra.  On  the  coasts  the  rains 
are  nearly  constant,  beginning  in  the  evening  and  lasting 
sometimes  all  night ;  in  the  interior  the  winter  is  dry  and 
agreeable. 

Although  the  interior  of  Madagascar  remains  still  unex- 
plored by  botanists,  enough  is  known  of  the  vegetable  pro- 
ductions of  the  island  to  prove  their  richness  and  variety. 
Of  400  plants  collected  there,  100  are  altogether  new,  and 
200  more  form  new  species.  Hard  woods,  fit  for  cabinet  use, 
abound,  but  soft  building-woods  are  deficient.  The  most 
important  trees  are  the  Baobab  (Adangonia),  the  Ravinala 
(  Urania  speciosa),  the  Filao  ( Caavarina  equiseti/olia),  the 
Bafia,  a  Sagus,  from  the  filamentous  leaves  of  which  is  made 
a  kind  of  cloth,  while  the  stem  furnishes  a  drink,  the  Avoha, 
which  furnishes  the  materials  of  a  coarse  sort  of  paper,  the 
Ambaravatsi  ( Tapia  edulia),  feeding  the  native  silk- worm, 
the  Areca,  three  species  of  Pandanus,  the  Azaina,  yield- 
ing a  gum  greatly  valued  as  a  cement;  ebony;  the  Ravint- 
sara  {AgathopTiyllum  aromaticum),  which  produces  a  highly 
fragrant  spice ;  besides  these  there  are  numerous  dye-woods, 
varieties  of  Indian  fig,  tamarinds,  sugar-cane,  trees  and 
shrubs  yielding  gum  elastic,  copal  and  other  gums,  and  the 
zozoro  or  papyrus,  peculiar  to  the  island.  Ginger,  pepper, 
and  indigo  grow  wild  in  the  woods  ;  cotton,  sugar-cane, 
tobacco,  and  hemp  are  also  cultivated.  Except  in  the  N.W. 
and  W.,  where  the  Sakalavas  subsist  chiefly  on  arrow-root, 
the  principal  food  of  the  Madagassy  is  rice.  The  cocoa- 
nut  (on  the  coast),  the  plantain  and  banana,  yams,  manioc, 
maize,  millet,  beans,  potatoes,  Ac,  add  to  the  general  abun- 
dance. Besides  the  native  fruits,  the  orange,  peach,  citron, 
mulberry,  and  even  grapes,  introduced  by  Europeans,  are 
now  widely  difi"u8ed  over  the  island;  coffee  is  found  to 
thrive  well,  and  10  or  12  vegetable  oils  are  made. 

There  are  few  formidable  wild  animals  in  Madagascar, 
and  the  .list  of  its  beasts  of  prey  embraces  only  a  small 
leopard,  the  wild  dog,  the  wild  cat,  and  the  bushy-tailed  fox. 
Crocodiles  are  numerous  in  most  of  the  rivers.  Snakes  of 
great  size  are  often  met  with.  Apes  and  lemurs  are  nu- 
merous in  the  woods.  The  horned  cattle,  in  which  chiefly 
consists  the  wealth  of  the  Madagassy,  are  of  the  hunched 
kind,  like  those  of  India.  There  are,  however,  wild  cattle 
in  the  forests  which  have  no  hunch.  Cattle  and  hides  are 
the  principal  articles  of  export.  Fibres,  gums,  coS'ee.  hides, 
and  rice  are  also  exported.  The  chief  trade  is  with  the 
Mauritius. 

People,  Customs,  &c. — ^The  population  of  Madagascar  is 
chiefly  of  the  Malagassy  family,  a  race  by  no  means  African, 
but  very  probably  of  Malay  affinities.  The  people  are  of 
three  leading  tribes,  the  Hova  (the  dominant  race,  number- 
ing l,r00,000),  the  Sakalava  (500,000),  and  Betsimisaraka 
(300,000).  There  are  on  the  coasts  and  in  the  large  towns 
many  people  of  Arabian,  East  Indian,  African,  and  mixed 
descent. 

Government. — The  government  of  Madagascar  seems  to 
be  a  monarchical  despotism.  Public  assemblies  are  still 
called  and  addressed  by  the  sovereign,  but  are  not  consulted. 
The  monarchy  is  hereditary ;  but  the  order  of  succession 
appears  not  to  be  fixed,  the  reigning  sovereign  aff"ecting  to 
appoint  his  successors.  A  body  of  judges  sits  constantly  in 
public  to  hear  complaints  and  settle  disputes,  but  they  are 
not  guided  by  any  written  code  of  laws.  Pi-evious  to  the 
close  of  the  last  century  the  island  appears  to  have  been 
divided  among  a  great  number  of  independent  tribes.  The 
government  is  rude  and  simple.  Neither  in  the  civil  nor 
military  service  are  salaries  pi  id,  nor  is  allowance  made 
for  board.  The  prevalent  system  of  religion  is  Presbyterian 
Christianity.     Capital,  Tananarivo.    Chief  port,  Tamatave. 

History. — The  English  established  a  factory  in  St.  Augus- 
tine's in  1644,  but  the  climate  and  the  hostility  of  the  na- 
tives compelled  them  to  abandon  it  at  the  end  of  two  years. 
The  French  East  India  Company  made  settlements  on  the 
E.  coast  as  early  as  1642 ;  they,  too,  were  forced  to  yield  to 
the  climate.  Their  attempts  to  colonize  the  E.  coast  were 
recommenced  in  1745,  and  again  failed ;  and  in  1773  the 


adventurer  Benyowsky  conducted  an  expedition  to  Anton- 
gil  Bay,  but  he  too  perished.  The  French  still  retain  » 
few  coast  islands,  of  which  Nossi-B6  is  the  chief.  Radama, 
bom  in  1792,  succeeded  to  the  throne  of  Ankova  in  1808. 
Having  been  sent  to  Great  Britain  to  be  educated,  he  re- 
turned to  Tananarivo  in  1817.  This  prince  abolished  in- 
fanticide, and  discouraged  as  much  as  possible  the  belief 
in  witchcraft  and  other  superstitions.  He  formed  a  regular 
army,  trained  by  General  Brady,  a  West  Indian  mulatto. 
With  this  force,  30,000  including  artillery,  he  subdued  the 
whole  island.  He  meditated  opening  roads  and  canals, 
and  actually  commenced  cutting  through  the  necks  of 
land  which  separate  the  lakes  along  the  coast.  He  en- 
couraged the  missionaries,  and,  above  all,  their  schools.  In 
short,  Radama,  whose  principle  was  that  truth  and  justice 
were  the  foundations  of  his  throne,  was  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  civilizers  the  world  has  ever  seen.  He  was  on 
the  point  of  seeing  his  vast  projects  crowned  with  success, 
when  his  queen  caused  him  to  be  poisoned  in  July,  182S 
She,  with  her  infamous  accomplice,  succeeded  to  the  throne, 
and  in  a  short  time  manifested  her  desire  to  undo,  svs  far 
as  possible,  all  that  he  had  accomplished.  The  schools  were 
closed,  and  the  missionaries  left  the  island  in  1835.  The 
native  Christians,  who  had  become  numerous,  were  sub- 
jected to  cruel  persecution ;  many  of  them  suflFered  martyr- 
dom in  1850.  But  the  new  religion  continued  to  spread; 
in  1869  the  queen  was  baptized,  and  by  royal  command  aU 
the  idols  in  Madagascar  were  burned.  Pop.  3,520,000. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Madeoasst,  mad'e-gas'see,  Madecassee, 
mad'e-kas'see,  Malagassv,  or  Malqash,  maPgash'  (Fr. 
Malegache,  m&iv&sh'). 

Madahpoora,  m.\-dA-poo'ri,  a  town  of  Bengal,  dis- 
trict and  52  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  3499. 

Madain,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Mopain. 

Madalena,  m&-d&-l&'n&,  a  little  island  of  South  Amer- 
ica, near  the  S.  coast  of  Chiloe. 

Madalena,  South  America.    See  Magdalena. 

Mad'aliiit  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Red  Hook  township,  near  the  Hudson  River,  J  of  a  mile 
from  Tivoli  Station,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  fine  school-house,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  629. 

Madangaivi)  a  town  of  India.    See  Mudungunge. 

Ittadapollam,  mi-di-pol-lim',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Madras,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Masulipatam,  on  the  Coro- 
mandel  coast.     It  has  manufactures  of  cottons. 

Madar,  mSh'daR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11 
miles  from  Komorn.     Pop.  1299. 

Madaras,  moh'dSh^rosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  41  miles  S.W.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  4763. 

Madarasz,  mShMSh^riss',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Szabolcz,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  7076. 

Mad^awas'ka,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
about  100  miles  N.  of  Houlton,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
river  St.  John,  which  separates  it  from  Canada.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  1041. 

MadawasKa  River,  Ontario,  flows  from  the  S.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  250  miles,  enters  Chats  Lake,  an  expansion 
of  the  Ottawa,  25  miles  above  Ottawa  City.  It  drains  an 
area  of  upwards  of  4000  square  miles.  On  its  banks  are 
found  the  best  red  and  white  pine. 

MadaAVaska  River  rises  in  Lake  Temiscouata,  and, 
running  S.,  falls  into  the  river  St.  John  at  Edmundston, 
New  Brunswick.  It  is  30  miles  long,  and  varies  in  breadth 
from  iiO  to  150  yards.  The  Madawaska  abounds  with  trout, 
and  is  navigable  throughout  for  small  steamers.  Mada* 
waska  means  "  never  frozen."     See  Edmukdstox. 

3Iad'bury,  a  township  and  station  in  Strafford  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of 
Dover.     Pop.  408. 

Maddalena,  an  island  of  Italy.     See  La  Maddalena 

Maddaloni,  mid-di-lo'nee,  a  city  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  15  miles  N.N.B.  of  Naples.  Pop.  18,767.  It 
has  a  royal  college,  and  a  noble  aqueduct  built  by  Charles 
III.  to  convey  water  to  the  cascades  in  the  royal  gardens 
of  Caserta.  Maddaloni  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Siiessula. 

Maddehjee,  m4dM§h-jee',  a  village  of  Sinde,  28  mile» 
S.E.  of  Larkhana.     Lat.  27°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  34'  E. 

Mad'densville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
5  miles  S.  of  Three  Springs,  and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mad'dington,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  3i  miles 
from  Salem. 

Maddy,  liOch,  a  bay  of  Scotland.     See  Loch  Maddy. 

Madebeke,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Medebach. 

Madecasse,  the  native  name  for  Madagascar. 

Madefalva,  m^-di-fll'vi,,  or  Metzdorf,  mits'doRl 


MAU 


1727 


MAD 


a  village  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Altfluss,  about  80  miles 
N.  of  Kronstadt,     Pop.  1250. 

Madeira,  m&-dee'ra  (Port,  pron,  mi-di'e-ri  or  m4- 
di'ri),  an  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Por- 
tugal, about  440  miles  off  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco,  between 
32°  36'  and  32°  63'  N.  lat.  and  16°  40'  and  17°  20'  W.  Ion. 
It  is  35  miles  long  and  12  miles  broad.  It  consists  of  a  mass 
of  volcanic  rooks,  whose  highest  peak  reaches  an  elevation 
of  upwards  of  6000  feet.  Through  the  AV.  half  of  the  island 
runs  a  central  ridge,  about  5000  feet  high,  on  which  is  an 
extensive  plain  called  Paul  de  Serra.  From  the  central 
mass  steep  ridges  extend  to  the  coast,  where  they  form  per- 
pendicular precipices  from  1000  to  2000  feet  high.  These 
cliffs  are  interrupted  by  a  few  small  bays,  where  a  richly 
cultivated  valley   approaches    the  water  between   abrupt 

Ereoipices  or  surrounded  by  an  amphitheatre  of  rugged 
ills.  These  narrow  bays  are  the  sites  of  the  villages  of 
Madeira.  The  road  round  the  island  is  in  many  places 
exceedingly  picturesque,  passing  often  between  lofty  cliffs, 
or  along  the  front  of  precipices  overhanging  the  sea.  The 
mountain-steeps  of  Madeira  are  clothed  with  a  remarkably 
rich  and  luxuriant  verdure.  Terraces  are  visible  on  every 
side,  and  every  available  and  accessible  spot  is  turned  to 
advantage.  The  richest  vine-district,  and  the  part  where 
grows  the  Malmsey  grape,  is  the  valley  of  the  Cama  de 
Lobos,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island.  Formerly  wine  was  the 
staple  export  of  Madeira,  but  a  disease  of  the  vines  for  a 
time  nearly  suspended  all  wine-making :  at  present,  how- 
ever, considerable  wine  is  produced.  In  the  lower  portions 
of  the  island  groves  of  orange-  and  lemon-trees  are  mingled 
with  the  vineyards ;  higher  up,  bananas,  figs,  pomegranates, 
<tc.,  are  seen;  and  still  higher,  apples,  currants,  pears, 
and  peaches.  Coffee  and  arrow-root,  both  of  excellent 
quality,  are  also  grown.  Wheat,  barley,  rye,  and  Indian 
corn  are  raised,  but  only  to  the  extent  of  about  one-fifth 
of  the  quantity  consumed.  The  climate  of  Madeira  is  very 
equable,  and  is  famed  for  its  salubrity ;  the  mean  tempera- 
ture is  65°,  and  the  extremes  74°  and  63°.  It  is  considered 
very  healthy,  and  is  much  resorted  to  by  invalids,  particu- 
larly those  suffering  from  pulmonary  affections.  Capital, 
Punchal.     The  language  is  Portuguese.     Pop.  123,841. 

The  group  of  islands  called  the  Madeira  Islands  or 
Madeira  Group  consists  of  the  two  islands  of  Madeira  and 
Porto  Santo,  and  the  three  islets  called  the  Desertas,  in  lat. 
32°  3'  to  33°  7'  N.,  Ion.  16°  13'  to  16°  38'  W.  They  were 
discovered  by  Don  Joao  Gonzales  Zarco  and  Tristao  Vaz  in 
1420 ;  the  name  Madeira  was  given  to  the  principal  island 
from  the  magnificent  forests  of  timber  (in  Portuguese,  ma- 
deira) which  then  covered  it.  See  Desertas  and  Porto 
Santo. 

Madeira,  Madera,  ml-di'ri,  or  Cayari,  ki-i-ree', 
a  river  of  South  America,  in  Brazil,  is  formed  by  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Beni  and  Mamore,  in  lat.  10°  30'  S.,  Ion.  65° 
40'  W.,  whence  it  flows  N.E.  700  miles,  and  joins  the 
Amazon  (of  which  it  is  the  largest  tributary)  in  3°  30'  S. 
lat.  and  about  58°  W.  Ion.  Including  the  Mamore,  its 
principal  branch,  which  some  consider  as  the  true  Madeira, 
it  has  a  length  of  2000  miles,  for  nearly  1000  of  which  it  is 
navigable.  For  546  miles  from  its  mouth  it  is  at  all  times 
navigable  for  vessels  drawing  6  feet;  above  this,  between 
lat.  8°  50'  and  11°  S.,  the  navigation  is  interrupted  by  17 
cataract^ ;  for  500  miles  above  the  cataracts  or  rapids  it  is 
navigable  for  small  steamboats.  In  the  lower  600  miles  of 
its  course  the  depth  varies  from  27  to  200  feet;  above  the 
rapids  it  is  generally  from  20  to  30  feet.  Madeira  derives 
its  name  from  the  great  quantity  of  timber  (madeira)  or 
logs  brought  down  by  the  periodical  floods.  (See  Mamore.) 
Its  valley  exports  hides,  tallow,  cinchona,  cacao,  rubber, 
copaiba,  fish,  tobacco,  nuts,  and  sarsaparilla. 

Madeira,  ma-dee'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
in  Columbia  township,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  several  churches 
near  it. 

Madeleine,  midMan',  a  river  of  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec, 
enters  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Cap  de  la  Magde- 
leine,  about  100  miles  below  Matane. 

Madeleine,  or  La  Madeleine,  \k  m3,dMdn',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Nord,  1  mile  from  Lille.  It  has  iron- 
foundries,  potteries,  and  manufactures  of  chemical  products, 
cotton  and  linen  goods,  and  starch.     Pop.  7435. 

Madeley,  mid'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on 
the  Severn,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Shrews- 
bury. It  has  an  iron  bridge  across  the  Severn  of  1  arch  of 
100  feet  span,  a  handsome  church,  a  market-house,  iron- 
works, manufactures  of  porcelain,  and  coal-mii^s.  Pop.  of 
parish,  9475. 

Made'lia,  a  post-village  of  Watonwan  county,  Minn., 


in  Madelia  township,  on  the  Watonwan  River,  and  on 
the  St.  Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Mankato,  and  110  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  news- 
paper  oflSces,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890,  852 ;  of  the 
township,  additional,  541. 

Mad'ely,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Amherst. 

Maden,  m&'ddn,  a  term  of  Arabic  origin,  signiiying 
"metal"  or  "mine,"  furnishing  the  root  of  Alhadex,  Kkb- 
BAN  Maden,  Arghana  Maden,  Ac.  (which  see). 

Madera,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Madeira. 

Madera,  mk-dk'ra,,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  C»l. 

Madeira,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  Clear- 
field Creek,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Maderno,  mi-dfiR'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  milea  N.E. 
of  Brescia.    Pop.  1627. 

Madfuneh,  Egypt.    See  Arabat-el-Madfoow. 

Madhajr^'poor,  mid-haj-rij-poor',  a  town  of  India, 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Mad^hepoor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  25  mUet 
E.  of  Durbungah.     Pop.  7301. 

Madhumati,  a  river  of  Bengal.    See  Baleswar. 

Madhurapoor,  m4d^hfir-^-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3242.* 

Madiana,  the  native  name  of  Martinique. 

Madignano,  mS,-deen-y3,'no,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  government  of  Milan,  on  the  Scrio.     Pop.  1466. 

Madion,  m8.'de-on\  a  Dutch  residency  of  the  island  of 
Java,  on  its  S.  coast,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Madiran,  miMeeViN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes 
Pyrenees,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1117. 

Madis'co,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  on  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  11  miles  N.  of  Bathurst.  It  contains  a  hotel  and 
6  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Mad'ison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  borders 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Flint  River,  which  enters  the  former  river  in  this  county. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abun- 
dance of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Huntsville.  Pop.  in  1870 
31,267;  in  1880,  37,625;  in  1890,  38,119. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansa.",  has 
an  area  of  about  892  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  King 
and  War  Eagle  Rivers,  and  by  the  Main  Fork  of  White 
River,  all  of  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and 
live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds 
of  marble  and  magnesian  limestone.  It  is  intersected  in 
the  S.W.  part  by  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Fran- 
cisco Railroad.  Capital,  Huntsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8231 ; 
in  1880,  11,455;  in  1890,  17,402. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  borders 
on  Georgia.  Area,  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Suwanee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Ocilla  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton, 
sugar-cane,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  A  Peninsular  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,121 ;  in  1880, 
14,798;  in  1890,  14,316. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Broad 
River  and  its  North  Fork.  'Its  South  Fork  forms  the  S. 
boundary  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
a  little  cotton,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  Among  its  minerals  are 
granite  and  iron  ore.  Capital,  Danielsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
5227;  in  1880,  7978;  in  1890,  11,024. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  adjacent  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Missouri  River.  It  is  drained  by  Cahokia  and  Silver 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
except  the  W.  part,  which  is  more  hilly.  It  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory,  ash, 
elm,  walnut,  linden,  maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Coal  and  lime  are  among  the  articles  of 
export.     Carboniferous  limestone  of  good  quality  crops  oat 


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1728 


MAD 


in  this  county  at  the  city  of  Alton.  Thick  beds  of  bitumi- 
nous coal  underlie  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  Sd  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  the. St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
the  Jacksonville  Southeastern  Railroad,  and  other  rail- 
roads. Capital,  Edwardsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,131;  in 
1880,  50,126;  in  1890,  51,535. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Fork  of  White  River  and  Fall  Creek,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Pipe  Creek,  which  runs  S.W.  across  the  S.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the 
oak  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad, 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the 
Chicago  &  Southeastern  Railroad.  Caijital,  Anderson. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,770;  in  1880,  27,527;  inl890,  36,487. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
River  and  by  two  affluents  of  the  Des  Moines,  called  Middle 
River  and  North  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  is  found  here.  The  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<fc  Pacific  Railroad  touches  the  N.  border  of  this  county,  and 
a  branch  of  that  road  connects  Winterset  with  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.  The  S.E.  part  of  the  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  and  Des  Moines 
&  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  Winterset.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,884;  in  1880,  17,224;  in  1890,  15,977. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  385  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and. is  partly 
drained  by  Silver  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  abundance  of  limestone.  It 
is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Nash- 
ville Railroad,  and  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Richmond,  Nicholasville,  Irvine  &  Beattyville  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Richmond.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,643 ;  in  1880, 
22,052;  in  1890,  24,348. 

Madison,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  664  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  on  the  W.  by  Macon  Bayou, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  river  Tensas.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  cypress,  gum, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is  intersected  by  the 
Queen  &  Crescent  Route,  which  communicates  with  Tal- 
lulah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8600 ;  in  1880,  1.3,906 ;  in 
1890,  14,135. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  Pearl  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Big  Black 
River.  More  than  one-third  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton^  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
two  branches  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  one  of  which 
connects  with  Canton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,948; 
in  1880,25,866;  in  1890,  27,321. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  492  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Francis  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Castor  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron,  lead,  and  lime- 
stone. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Fredericktown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5849;  in   1880,  §876;  in  1890,  9268. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Madison  Fork  of  the  Missouri  River,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  JeflFerson  Fork.  Area, 
4250  square  miles.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and 
covered  with  extensive  pine  forests,  and  is  diversified  with 
grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  pro- 
duces wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  pasture  for  cattle.  The  in- 
habitants are  mostly  employed  in  mining.  Rich  silver- 
mines  were  discovered  here  in  1872.  Granite,  Silurian 
limestone,  basalt,  and  quartz  are  found  here.  This  county 
is  intersected  in  the  extreme  N.  part  by  a  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Virginia  City.  Pop 
in  1870,  2684;  in  1880,  3915;  in  1890,  4692. 


Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  haa 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Elk- 
horn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North  Branch  of  that 
river  and  by  Taylor  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  rather  scarce  in  this  county. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Fremont, 
Elkhom  &  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad,  the  first  named  of 
which  communicates  with  Madison,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1133;  in  1880,  5589;  in  1890,  13,669. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  628  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Oneida  Creek, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Chenango  and  Unadilla  Rivers,  and 
by  Chittenango,  Canastola,  and  Oriskany  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple,  ash, 
and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  hops, 
butter,  Indian  corn,  milk,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  rocks  which  underlie  it  are  Niagara  limestone, 
Onondaga  limestone,  and  shale.  This  county  has  quarries 
of  gypsum,  water-lime,  and  good  building-stone.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  <&  Hudson  River  Rail- 
road, the  New  York,  Ontario  A  Western  Railroad,  the 
Elniira,  Courtland  &  Northern  Railroad,  the  West  Shore 
Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road, also  by  the  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Morrisville.  Pop. 
in  1870.  43,522;  in  1880,44,112;  in  1890,  42,892. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county 
is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Marshall,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8192;  in  1880,  12,810;  in  1890,  17,805. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  465  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Darby,  Deer,  and  Paint  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  wool,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  London.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,633; 
in  1880,  20,129;  in  1890,  20,057. 

Madison,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork 
of  Forked  Deer  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Middle 
Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  beech,  walnut,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  tha 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mobile  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,480 ;  in  1880,  30,874 ;  in  1890, 
30,497. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Navasota 
River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Madisonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4061;  in  1880,  5395;  in  1890,  8512. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
and  S.W.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  picturesque 
mountain-scenery,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Madison  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  8670 ;  in  1880, 10,562 ;  in  1890, 10,225. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  on  St. 
Francis  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroad, 
41  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  4  miles  E.  of 
Forest  City.  It  has  a  shingle-factory,  a  planing-mill,  and 
a  general  store.     Pop.  about  100. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Vaca 
Valley  A  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  24^  miles  N.  of  Vacaville. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Shore 
Line  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  ship-yard,  and  manufactures  of 
straw  board  and  fish  oil.  The  township  contains  4  churches 
and  a  pop.  of  1814. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Railroad,  110  miles 


iMAD 


1729 


MAD 


W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  55  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  machine- 
ehops,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  781. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  cc,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  67  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta,  and 
104  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  the  Georgia  Female 
College  (Baptist),  5  churches,  a  newspaper  offi»e,  2  or  3 
banking-houses,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Large  quantities 
of  cotton  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2131. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Richland  co..  111.     Pop.  1163. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1278. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  727. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  865. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Waba«h. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1440. 
It  contiiins  Clarksburg. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1279. 

Madison,  a  township  of  JeflTerson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Madison.     Pop.  4865. 

Madison,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  JefFerson 
CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  88  miles  be- 
low Cincinnati,  and  45  miles  above  Louisville.  By  railroad 
it  is  86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbus,  Ind.  Its  site  is  a  valley  which  is  elevated  above 
the  highest  floods,  and  is  enclosed  on  the  N.  by  steep  hills 
nearly  400  feet  high.  The  houses  and  business  blocks  are 
chiefly  built  of  brick  and  stone,  and  the  city  is  lighted  by 
gas  and  electricity.  Madison  contains  a  handsome  court- 
house, about  15  churches,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  2 
national  banks  (with  a  capital  of  $600,000),  a  private  bank, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily,  2  semi-weekly,  and 
3  weekly  newspapers.  This  city  contains  several  flouring- 
mills  and  breweries,  1  cotton-mill,  2  woollen-mills,  several 
large  cooperage  establishments,  2  starch-factories,  2  arti- 
ficial-ice plants,  and  manufactories  of  hubs  and  spokes, 
sash  and  doors,  paper,  saddle-trees,  furniture,  engines, 
boilers,  tacks,  &c.     Pop.  (1890)  8936. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
974.     It  contains  Linden. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S.E. 
by  the  AVhite  River.     Pop.  1042. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.  by 
the  White  River.     Pop.  723. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1043. 

Madison,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     P.  1697. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1729. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Washington  co.  Ind.     P.  835. 

3Iadison,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     P.  612, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  581. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1029. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Hancock  co,,  Iowa.     P,  155. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Johnson  co,,  Iowa.     Pop,  693. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  4u  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Dubuque,  is  traversed  by  the  Davenport  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad.     Pop.  997. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  225. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  774, 
exclusive  of  Earlham. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop,  902, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Polk  co,,  Iowa.    Pop,  1631. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,     P.  837, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  968. 

Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township.  Green- 
wood CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  22  miles  S. 
of  Emporia.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  407. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  416. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  in  Madi- 
son township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Kennebec 
River),  and  on  the  Somerset  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Norridgewock.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  township,  1401. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co,,  Mich.  Pop.  1300, 
exclusive  of  a  part  of  Adrian. 

Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerfield  township,  Livings- 
ton CO.,  Mich.,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a 
church. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lyon  cc,  Minn.     Pop.  158. 

Madison,  a  hamlet  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Chi- 
eago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  of 
Austin. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1561. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1060. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1396. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo..  Mo.    Pop,  861, 


Madison,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3329. 
It  contains  Holden. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Mercer  co,,  Mo,     Pop.  2021. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Monroe 
CO,,  Mo,,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texa»  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Paris,  and  57  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Polk  co,,  Mo.     Pop.  1361. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Neb., 
on  Taylor  Creek,  30  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  about  100 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  a  savings-bank,  a  flouring-mill,  4o.  P.  (1890)  930. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  North  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  It  h»«  a  church  and  2 
hotels.     Pop.  of  the  township,  646. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.     P.  1634. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Chat- 
ham township,  on  the  Morris  <fe  Essex  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Morristown,  and  17  miles  W,  of  Newark.  Here  is  the 
Drew  Theological  Seminary  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
has  an  endowment  of  $250,000  and  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  Madison  contains  also  a  classical  institute,  a 
large  convent,  and  5  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico,  48 
miles  S.  of  Trinidad,  Col. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Utica, 
and  }  of  a  mile  from  Solsville  Station  of  the  New  York  A 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  tannery.  Pop,  about  350,  The  township 
is  drained  by  Oriskany  Creek,  Hops  constitute  its  staple 
product.     Pop.  2439, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Guilford  co,,  N,C.     Pop.  840. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Dan  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayo,  about  36  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Danville,  Va.,  and  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  295. 

Madison,  or  Madison  City,  a  village  in  Madison 
township,  Butler  co.,  0.,  near  the  Miami  River,  and  oppo- 
site Middletown,  34  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  Pop.  158;  of 
the  township,  2450.  Here  is  Middletown  Station  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop,  1965.  It 
contains  Selma  and  South  Charleston. 

3Iadisou,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.   Pop.  1202. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.     Pop.  1292. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  1300. 
It  contains  Waterloo. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  3261. 
It  contains  Groveport  and  Winchester. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1170, 
It  contains  Antrim  and  Winchester. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0,     Pop,  967. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Highland  co,,  0.  Pop.  3261. 
It  contains  Greenfield. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  2174. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  Lake 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  15  miles  W.S.W,  of  Ash- 
tabula. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  the  Madison  Seminary, 
2  flour-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  a  money-order  post-office, 
several  churches,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  757.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  intersected  by 
Grand  River,     Pop,  2913, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Licking  co,,  0,     Pop.  959. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co,,  0.  Pop.  2097. 
It  contains  Amity,  Post  Town,  and  Trotwood. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     P.  1072. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Perry  oo.,  0.  Pop.  686.  It 
contains  Mt.  Perry  and  Sego. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  883. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1521, 
exclusive  of  Mansfield. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  985. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1578. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Vinton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1623.  It 
contains  Zaleski. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1532 
It  contains  Pioneer, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co,,  Pa.   Pop,  1621 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarion  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1935. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1080. 

Madison,  a  post- village  in  Hempfield  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  It 
has  3  churches, 

Madison,  a  post-Tillage,  capital  of  Lake  oo.,  S.D.,  39 


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1728 


MAD 


in  this  county  at  the  city  of  Alton.  Thick  beds  of  bitumi- 
nous coal  underlie  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Wabash 
Bailroad,  the.St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
the  Jacksonville  Southeastern  Railroad,  and  other  rail- 
roads. Capital,  Edwardsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,131;  in 
1880,  50,126;  in  1890,  51,535. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Fork  of  White  River  and  Fall  Creek,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Pipe  Creek,  which  runs  S.W.  across  the  S.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the 
oak  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad, 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the 
Chicago  &  Southeastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Anderson. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,770;  in  1880,  27,527;  in  1890,  36,487. 

Madison,  a  county  In  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
River  and  by  two  affluents  of  the  Des  Moines,  called  Middle 
River  and  North  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  bay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  is  found  here.  The  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad  touches  the  N.  border  of  this  county,  and 
a  branch  of  that  road  connects  Winterset  with  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.  The  S.E.  part  of  the  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  and  Des  Moines 
&  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  Winterset.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,884;  in  1880,  17,224;  in  1890,  15,977. 

Madison,  a  connty  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  385  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Silver  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  abundance  of  limestone.  It 
is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville Railroad,  and  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Richmond,  Nicholasville,  Irvine  A  Beattyville  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Richmond.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,543;  in  1880, 
22,052;  in  1890,  24,348. 

Madison,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  664  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  on  the  W.  by  Macon  Bayou, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  river  Tensas.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  cypress,  gum, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is  intersected  by  the 
Queen  A  Crescent  Route,  which  communicates  with  Tal- 
lulah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8600 ;  in  1880,  1.3,906 ;  in 
1890,  14,135. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  Pearl  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Big  Black 
River.  More  than  one-third  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
two  branches  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  one  of  which 
connects  with  Canton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,948; 
in  1880,  25,866;  in  1890,  27,321. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  492  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Francis  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Castor  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron,  lead,  and  liine- 
Btone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Fredericktown. 
Pop. in  1870,  5849;  in   1880,  §876;  in  1890,  9268. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Madison  Fork  of  the  Missouri  River,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Jefferson  Fork.  Area, 
4250  square  miles.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and 
covered  with  extensive  pine  forests,  and  is  diversified  with 
grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  pro- 
duces wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  pasture  for  cattle.  The  in- 
habitants are  mostly  employed  in  mining.  Rich  silver- 
mines  were  discovered  here  in  1872.  Granite,  Silurian 
limestone,  basalt,  and  quartz  are  found  here.  This  county 
is  intersected  in  the  extreme  N.  part  by  a  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Virginia  City.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2684;  in  1880,  3915;  in  1890,  4692. 


Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  hat 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Elk- 
horn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North  Branch  of  that 
river  and  by  Taylor  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  rather  scarce  in  this  county. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Fremont, 
Elkhom  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha  Railroad,  the  first  named  of 
which  communicates  with  Madison,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1133;  in  1880,  5589;  in  1890,  13,669. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  628  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Oneida  Creek, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Chenango  and  Unadilla  Rivers,  and 
by  Chittenango,  Canastota,  and  Oriskany  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple,  ash, 
and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  hops, 
butter,  Indian  com,  milk,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  rocks  which  underlie  it  are  Niagara  limestone, 
Onondaga  limestone,  and  shale.  This  county  has  quarries 
of  gypsum,  water-lime,  and  good  building-stone.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River  Rail- 
road, the  New  York,  Ontario  A  Western  Railroad,  the 
Elraira,  Courtland  A  Northern  Railroad,  the  West  Shore 
Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Rail- 
road, also  by  the  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Morrisville.  Pop. 
in  1870.  43,522;  in  1880,  44,112;  in  1890,  42,892. 

Madison*  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county 
is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Marshall,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870.  8192;  in  1880,  12,810;  in  1890,  17,805. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  465  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Darby,  Deer,  and  Paint  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  wool,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Ciucinnati  A  8t. 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  London.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,033; 
in  1880,  20,129;  in  1890,  20.057. 

Madison,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork 
of  Forked  Deer  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Middle 
Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  beech,  walnut,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  th« 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mobile  A 
Ohio  Ilailroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,480;  in  1880,  30,874;  in  1890, 
30,497. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Navasota 
River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Madisonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4061;  in  1880,  5395;  in  1890,  8512. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  ha«  an 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
and  S.W.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  picturesque 
mountain-scenery,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Madison  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  8670;  in  1880, 10,562;  in  1890, 10,225. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  on  St. 
Francis  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroad, 
41  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  4  miles  B.  of 
Forest  City.  It  has  a  shingle-factory,  a  planing-mill,  and 
a  general  store.     Pop.  about  100. 

Madison,  a  post- village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Vaca 
Valley  A  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  24i  miles  N.  of  Vacaville. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  New 
Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Shore 
Line  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  ship-yard,  and  manufactures  of 
straw  board  and  fish  oil.  The  township  contains  4  churches 
and  a  pop.  of  1814. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Railroad,  110  miles 


MAD 


1729 


MAD 


W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  55  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  machine- 
shops,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  781. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  67  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta,  and 
104  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  the  Georgia  Female 
College  (Baptist),  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  or  3 
banking-houses,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Large  quantities 
of  cotton  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2131, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  111.     Pop.  1163. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1278. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  727. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  865. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Wabash. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Daviess  co,,  Ind.  Pop.  1440, 
It  contains  Clarksburg. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1279, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Madison.     Pop.  4865. 

Madison,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  88  miles  be- 
low Cincinnati,  and  45  miles  above  Louisville,  By  railroad 
it  is  86  miles  S,S.E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbus,  Ind.  Its  site  is  a  valley  which  is  elevated  above 
the  highest  floods,  and  is  enclosed  on  the  N,  by  steep  hills 
nearly  400  feet  high.  The  houses  and  business  blocks  are 
chiefly  built  of  brick  and  stone,  and  the  city  is  lighted  by 
gas  and  electricity,  Madison  contains  a  handsome  court- 
house, about  15  churches,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  2 
national  banks  (with  a  capital  of  $600,000),  a  private  bank, 
and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  3  daily,  2  semi-weekly,  and 
3  weekly  newspapers.  This  city  contains  several  flouring- 
mills  and  breweries,  1  cotton-mill,  2  woollen  mills,  several 
large  cooperage  establishments,  2  starch-factories,  2  arti- 
ficial-ice plants,  and  manufactories  of  hubs  and  spokes, 
sash  and  doors,  paper,  saddle-trees,  furniture,  engines, 
boilers,  tacks,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  8936. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
974,     It  contains  Linden, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Morgan  co,,  Ind.,  bounded  S.E, 
by  the  White  River.     Pop.  1042. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N,  by 
tlie  White  River.     Pop.  723. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop,  1043. 

Madison,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     P.  1697. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1729. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.  Ind.     P.  835. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     P.  612. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  581. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,     P,  1029, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,     P,  155. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  693, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  4u  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Dubuque,  is  traversed  by  the  Davenport  &  St, 
Paul  Railroad.     Pop,  997, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,     Pop,  225, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  774, 
exclusive  of  Earlham, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  902, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Polk  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  1631. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  837. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  968. 

Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township.  Green- 
wood CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  22  miles  S. 
of  Emporia,  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  407, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  416. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Madi- 
son township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Kennebec 
River),  and  on  the  Somerset  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W,  of 
Norridgewock.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop,  of  township,  1401, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co,,  Mich,  Pop.  1300, 
exclusive  of  a  part  of  Adrian, 

Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerfield  township,  Livings- 
ton CO.,  Mich.,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a 
church. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lyon  co,,  Minn.     Pop.  158, 

Madison,  a  hamlet  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Chi- 
eago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  of 
Austin. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Cedar  co,.  Mo,     Pop,  1561. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo..  Mo.     Pop,  1060. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1396. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  861. 


Madison,  a  township  of  Johnson'  co..  Mo.    Pop.  3329. 

It  contains  Holden, 

3Iadison,  a  township  of  Mercer  co,.  Mo,     Pop.  2021. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Monroe 
CO,,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  TexaSi  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Paris,  and  57  miles  W,S,W,  of  Hannibal.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo,     Pop.  1361, 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co..  Neb,, 
on  Taylor  Creek,  30  miles  N,  of  Columbus,  and  about  100 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Omaha,  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  a  savings-bank,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac  P.  (1890)  930, 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  N,H,,  on  the  North  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  It  h»s  a  church  and  2 
hotels.     Pop,  of  the  township,  646, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co,,  N,J.     P.  1634. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Chat- 
ham township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Morristown,  and  17  miles  W.  of  Newark.  Here  is  the 
Drew  Theological  Seminary  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
has  an  endowment  of  $250,000  and  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  Madison  contains  also  a  classical  institute,  a 
large  convent,  and  5  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico,  48 
miles  S.  of  Trinidad,  Col, 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  S,W.  of  Utica, 
and  J  of  a  mile  from  Solsville  Station  of  the  New  York  A 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  It  has  4  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  350.  The  township 
is  drained  by  Oriskany  Creek.  Hops  constitute  its  staple 
product.     Pop.  2439. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  840. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Dan  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayo,  about  36  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Danville,  Va.,  and  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  295, 

Madison,  or  Madison  City,  a  village  in  Madison 
township,  Butler  co.,  0.,  near  the  Miami  River,  and  oppo- 
site Middletown,  34  miles  N,  of  Cincinnati.  Pop.  158 ;  of 
the  township,  2450.  Here  is  Middletown  Station  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop,  1966.  It 
contains  Selma  and  South  Charleston, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.   Pop,  1202. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co,,  0,     Pop,  1292. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  1300. 
It  contains  Waterloo, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Franklin  co,,  0,  Pop.  3261. 
It  contains  Groveport  and  Winchester. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0,  Pop,  1170. 
It  contains  Antrim  and  Winchester, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Hancock  co,,  0.     Pop.  967. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0,  Pop,  3261 . 
It  contains  Greenfield, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  2174. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  Lake 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ash- 
tabula. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  the  Madison  Seminary, 
2  flour-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  a  money-order  post-office, 
several  churches,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  757.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  tho  N,  by  Lake  Erie,  and  intersected  by 
Grand  River,     Pop.  2913. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0,     Pop,  959. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co,,  0.  Pop.  2097. 
It  contains  Amity,  Post  Town,  and  Trotwood, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.     P,  1072. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0,  Pop.  685.  It 
contains  Mt,  Perry  and  Sego. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  883. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Richland  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1621, 
exclusive  of  Mansfield. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co,,  0,     Pop,  985. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0,     Pop,  1578, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Vinton  co,,  0,  Pop,  1623.  It 
contains  Zaleski. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1632 
It  contains  Pioneer. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1621 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1935. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa,    Pop.  1086. 

Madison,  a  post- village  in  Hempfield  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.E,  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Lake  oo.,  S.D.,  30 


MAD 


1730 


MAD 


miles  by  rail  W.  of  Flandreau.  It  has  3  newspaper  oflSces, 
a  feed-mill,  foundries,  a  roller-null,  a  lumber-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  chimneys.    Pop.  in  1890, 1736. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Nashville.    It  has  academies  and  5  churches. 

Madison,  Virginia.    See  Madison  Ron  Station. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Madison,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wisconsin,  and  seat 
of  justice  of  Dane  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  isthmus 
between  Lakes  Mendota  and  Monona,  80  miles  W.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  132  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  in  lat.  43°  5'  N., 
Ion.  89°  20'  W.  Elevation,  788  feet.  It  stands  in  the  cen- 
tre of  a  broad  valley,  surrounded  by  heights,  from  which 
the  city  can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  several  miles.  The 
isthmus  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in  width.  Lake 
Mendota,  which  lies  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  town,  is  6 
miles  long  by  4  miles  wide.  It  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
with  clean  gravelly  shores.  The  depth  is  sufficient  for 
navio'ation  by  steamboats,  and  is  estimated  at  about  60  feet. 
Lake*  Monona  is  rather  smaller.  When  this  place  was  se- 
lected for  the  seat  of  government,  in  1836,  it  contained  no 
building  but  a  solitary  log  cabin.  The  capitol  is  a  beautiful 
structure,  built  of  stone  at  an  expense  of  $500,000,  standing 
on  ground  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lakes,  and  in  the 
centre  of  a  public  park.  The  streets  which  lead  from  the 
capitol  towards  the  cardinal  points  descend  gradually  to  the 
shores  of  the  lakes,  excepting  the  one  which  extends  west- 
ward to  College  Hill.  On  this  eminence,  1  mile  W.  of  the 
capitol,  and  about  125  feet  above  the  lake,  is  situated  the 
University  of  Wisconsin,  which  was  instituted  in  1849 
and  has  43  professors  and  over  1000  students.  It  is  open  to 
both  sexes.  Madison  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches, 
an  opera-house  costing  over  $75,000,  a  national  bank,  3 
other  banks,  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  a  stereotype-foundry, 
2  large  flouring-mills,  several  carriage-factories,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  reapers,  tools,  machinery, 
sash,  doors,  blinds,  &c.  Three  daily  and  several  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  city  is  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Milwau- 
kee by  three  railroads,  one  of  which  extends  westward  to 
Prairie  du  Chien.  Pop.  in  1860,  6611;  in  1870,  9176;  in 
1880,  10,324;  in  1890,  13,426. 

Mad'isonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Wooster.     It  has  2  churches. 

Madisonburg,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Miles  township,  in  a  fertile  valley,  about  15  miles  S.  of 
Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches. 

Madison  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me., 
in  Madison  township,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

Madison  City,  Ohio.    See  Madison. 

Madison  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Madison  co.,  Va.,  about  80  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,  and 
10  miles  S.B.  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  of  which  it  commands  a 
beautiful  view.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  353. 

Madison  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Madison  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Madison  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Washington. 

Madison  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Madison  Pass,  or  Raynolds  Pass,  a  depression  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  boundary  between  Madison 
CO.,  Montana,  and  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  leading  from  the  Snake 
Valley,  by  way  of  Henry's  Lake,  over  a  smooth  grassy 
lawn  into  the  Lower  Madison  Valley.  This  pass  is  at  an 
elevation  of  6911  feet  above  the  sea. 

Madison  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, near  Ion.  111°  W.,  at  an  elevation  of  8300  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  runs  nearly  northward  through  Madison  co., 
passes  through  several  deep  canons  interspersed  with  pic- 
turesque valleys,  and  unites  with  the  Jefferson  Fork  of  the 
Missouri  at  the  Three  Forks,  on  the  W.  border  of  Gallatin 
CO.  It  is  about  230  miles  long.  Glold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  river. 

Madison  Run  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co., 
Va.,  at  Madison  Station  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad, 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Charlottesville.  Here  are  a  church  and  2 
or  3  stores. 

Madison  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ga., 
8  miles  from  Franklin  Springs. 

Madison  Station,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  or  3  schools.  Pop. 
about  450. 

Madison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.. 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  several  business-houses. 


Mad'isonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hopkins  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  38  miles  S. 
of  Henderson,  and  36  miles  N.  of  Hopkinsville.  It  has  a 
court-house,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  a 
carriage- factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2212. 

Madisonville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Tammany  parish. 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Chefbnte  River,  about  2  miles  N.  of 
Lake  Pontehartrain,  and  32  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans.  It 
has  2  churches,  3  ship-yards,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  turpentine- 
distillery.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  place  and 
New  Orleans.     Pop.  in  1890,  574. 

Madisonville,  a  post-village  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  in 
Jasper  township,  on  Spencer  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Madisonville,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  2214. 

Madisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
in  Madison  township,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Madisonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  about  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Athens.  It  has  several  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  324. 

Madisonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co., 
Tex.,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Huntsville,  and  about  94  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Madisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  b 
miles  S.  of  Pamplin  City.  It  has  a  store  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Madisweil,  m&'dis-^ile^,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2291. 

Madyerydroog,  ml-jSn^e-droog',  a  town  and  hill-fort 
of  India,  62  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangalore. 

Madjicosima  (m&-je-ko-see'm&)  Islands,  an  archi- 
pelago in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Formosa  and  the  Loo- 
Choo  Islands.  Principal  islands,  Typinsan  and  Pachung- 
san.  They  are  all  subject  to  Loo-Choo.  Some  of  the  islands 
are  mountainous,  and  all  are  highly  fertile. 

Ma'doc,  or  Has'tings,  a  flourishing  post-village  in 
Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  Deer  Creek,  27  miles  N.  of  Belle- 
ville, It  contains  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  a  tannery, 
marble-quarries,  productive  iron-mines,  about  16  stores,  3 
hotels,  <fcc.,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Madocsa,  mohMo'ch5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  4  miles 
from  Paks.     Pop.  1236. 

Mado'nian  Mountains,  a  group  in  Sicily,  extending 
for  about  16  miles  N.W.  and  S.E.,  between  the  rivers  Grande 
and  Pollina. 

Madon'naville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  HI., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  church. 
Madra,  a  town  of  Hungary.  See  Modern. 
Madras,  ma-drass',  a  maritime  city  of  British  India, 
capital  of  the  presidency  of  Madras,  on  the  Coromandel 
coast.  Lat.  13°  4'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  80°  14'  E.  It  is  situated  on 
an  open,  sterile,  and  sandy  shore,  without  a  harbor  or  land- 
ing-place, and  exposed  to  the  swell  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
which  breaks  upon  the  beach  with  great  violence.  A  great 
part  of  Madras  consists  of  what  is  called  the  Black  Town, 
containing  the  native  and  East  Indian  (or  mixed)  popula- 
tion, with  a  few  European  families.  It  is  very  closely  and 
irregularly  built,  with  brick  houses  and  bamboo  huts;  but 
the  garden-houses  in  the  vicinity,  in  which  the  Europeans 
chiefly  reside,  are  very  neat,  generally  only  one  story  high, 
and  embowered  among  trees  and  bushes.  The  public  offices 
and  storehouses  which  line  the  beach  are  imposing  struc- 
tures, with  colonnades  to  the  upper  stories,  all  of  the  fine 
Madras  chunam,  smooth,  hard,  and  polished  as  marble. 
One  of  the  chief  objects  of  interest  in  Madras  is  its  citadel. 
Fort  St.  George,  which  commands  the  Black  Town  and  the 
Roads,  and  may  be  considered  the  nucleus  of  the  city.  It 
was  built  in  1639,  and  is  admirably  situated  for  the  defence 
of  the  town  and  shipping.  It  contains  a  church,  the  bar- 
racks, and  an  arsenal.  The  government  house,  the  cathe- 
dral of  St.  George,  and  some  of  the  other  public  buildings 
are  handsome  structures.  The  other  principal  buildings  are 
several  Episcopal  and  Armenian  churches,  an  elegant  Pres- 
byterian church.  Independent  and  Wesleyan  chapels,  and 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral  and  chapels.  Besides  the  uni- 
versity, the  Presidency  college,  and  a  medical  college,  there 
are  large  missionary  schools,  and  several  other  schools. 
Madras  is  the  chief  seat  of  all  the  government  offices  for  its 
presidency,  of  the  supreme  court,  a  board  of  revenue,  and 
marine  board,  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see,  and  its  suburb, 
St.  Thom€,  has  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  Notwithstanding 
the  disadvantages  of  its  position,  it  is  a  place  of  extensive 
trade.     In  the  Roads,  ships  moor  off  the  shore  in  from  7  to 


MAD 


1731 


MAD 


9  fathoms.  From  October  to  January  storms  and  typhoons 
prevail,  and  from  the  15th  of  October  the  flag-staflf  is  struck 
as  a  signal  for  ships  not  to  anchor  till  the  15th  of  December. 
Madras  is  connected  with  many  of  the  chief  cities  of  India 
by  railway.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  cotton  goods, 
grain,  wines,  spirits,  metals,  sugar,  stationery,  betel-nuts, 
piece-goods,  silk,  horses,  jewelry,  <feo.  Exports,  cotton, 
grain,  indigo,  cotton  piece-goods,  saltpetre,  pepper,  Ac. 
The  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Madras  presents  a  remark- 
able contrast  to  its  barren,  sandy  shore,  having  indeed  the 
appearance  of  a  fine  park ;  flowers  of  every  kind  abound, 
and  the  roads  are  bordered  with  fine  avenues  of  trees,  in- 
terspersed with  bungalows  and  residences  of  the  English. 

Madras  was  founded  in  1639  by  the  English,  who  obtained 
the  grant  of  a  piece  of  ground  from  the  Rajah  of  Chand- 
gherry  for  the  erection  of  a  town  and  fort.  A  native  vil- 
lage of  the  name  of  Madras  formed  the  site  of  the  present 
town.  It  soon  became  a  flourishing  city  and  the  chief  sta- 
tion of  the  English  on  the  Coromandel  coast.  In  1702  it 
was  besieged  by  Daood  Khan,  but  bravely  and  successfully 
defended  against  him.  In  1744  it  was  taken  by  the  French, 
who  kept  it  until  1749,  when  peace  was  made  and  the  place 
was  restored  to  the  English.  In  1758  it  was  again  besieged 
by  the  French,  under  Lally,  who  was  obliged  to  retreat  after 
a  siege  of  two  months.     Pop.  in  1891,  449,950. 

Madras  Presidency,  one  of  the  great  territorial  di- 
visions of  British  India,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Nizam's 
dominions,  Orissa,  and  the  Bombay  presidency,  and  on  the 
E.,  W.,  and  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean.  It  comprises  a  large 
proportion  of  peninsular  India,  embracing  the  whole  of  the 
Carnatic,  and  extending  across  the  peninsula.  Mysore, 
Coorg,  and  Travancore  are  included  within  it.  The  cen- 
tral portion  of  the  presidency  is  occupied  by  a  table-land, 
surrounded  on  all  sides  by  an  undulating  or  plain  country, 
gradually  decreasing  in  height  as  it  approaches  the  sea,  the 
whole  enclosed  on  the  E.,  W.,  and  S.  by  three  mountain- 
ranges,  called,  respectively,  the  East  and  West  Ghauts  and 
the  Neilgherry  Mountains.  The  two  former  run  parallel 
to  the  E.  and  W.  coasts ;  the  third  traverses  the  peninsula 
from  S.W.  to  N.B.,  forming  a  connecting  link  between  them. 
The  principal  rivers  of  Madras  are  the  Godavery  and  Kistnah, 
with  their  tributaries,  and  the  Pennar,  Palaur,  Punnair, 
Cavery,  Coleroon,  and  Vighey.  The  climate  generally  is 
reckoned  the  hottest  in  India,  but  differs  widely  in  differ- 
ent localities,  according  to  elevation :  on  the  tops  of  the 
Neilgherries  the  thermometer  in  the  cold  season  falls  to  31°. 
At  the  mouth  of  the  Kistnah  it  has  been  known  as  high  as 
108°  at  midnight.  The  soil  along  the  coasts,  particularly 
those  of  the  Carnatic,  is  for  the  most  part  light  and  sandy ; 
inland  it  consists  of  a  decomposed  syenite,  impregnated  with 
salt,  which,  in  dry  weather,  covers  the  ground  with  a  saline 
efflorescence:  still,  the  district  of  Tanjore,  on  the  banks  of 
the  Coleroon,  is  esteemed  the  granary  of  Southern  India. 
There  are  extensive  forests,  yielding  teak,  ebony,  and  other 
valuable  timber  trees.  The  principal  vegetable  productions 
are  rice,  wheat,  barley,  maize,  and  all  the  other  grains  com- 
mon in  India,  sugar-cane,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruits, 
spices,  tobacco,  hemp,  and  cotton.  The  cinehona-tree  has 
been  successfully  introduced,  and  some  coffee  is  grown. 
There  has  been  a  large  increase  of  late  years  in  the  culti- 
vation of  sugar.  There  are  two  kinds  of  sugar  made  in 
Madras,  one  from  various  kinds  of  palm-tree,  the  other 
from  the  cane.  The  wild  animals  met  with  here  are  those 
common  to  other  parts  of  India,  namely,  the  elephant,  tiger, 
chetah,  bear,  buffalo,  deer,  antelope,  jackal,  wild  hog,  jungle 
sheep,  Ac,  Cotton  cloths  were  formerly  manufactured  here 
to  a  great  extent,  but  the  superiority  of  British  goods  has 
nearly  extinguished  this  branch  of  industry.  Red  cloth, 
muslins,  carpets,  and  silks  also  continue  to  be  manufactured 
to  a  limited  extent.  For  revenue  purposes  the  presidency 
is  divided  into  22  divisions  or  collectorates.  Total  area, 
exclusive  of  feudatory  native  states,  138,856  square  miles. 
CapiUl,  Madras.     Pop.  in  1891,  35,591,440. 

The  government  of  the  presidency  is  vested  in  a  gov- 
ernor, subordinate  to  the  governor-general  of  India.  He  is 
assisted  by  a  council  of  3  members,  1  being  the  commander- 
in-chief,  and  3  secretaries,  placed  over  the  revenue  and 
judicial,  political,  and  military  departments.  In  each  of 
the  21  districts  into  which  the  presidency  is  divided  there 
is  a  European  collector,  who  exerts  also  the  chief  magis- 
terial power.  The  territories  of  the  presidency  were  nearly 
all  acquired  by  the  British  during  the  latter  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century. 

Madre-de-Dios(m&'Drik-di-dee'oce)  Archipelago, 
West  Patagonia,  is  between  lat.  50°  and  51°  S.,  and  about 
Ion.  75°  W.,  separated  from  the  mainland  and  from  Han- 
over and  Chatham  Islands  by  Conoepcion  Straits,  and  con- 


sists of  several  mountainous  and  rocky  islands,  little  ex- 
plored.    It  belongs  to  Chili. 

Madrid,  m&-drid'  (Sp.  pron.  mi-nreeo',  almost  mirH- 
reetn' ;  anc.  Man'tua),  the  capital  city  of  Spain,  New  Cas- 
tile, in  a  province  of  its  ov^n  name,  on  the  Manzanares,  in 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula,  lat.  40°  25'  N.,  Ion.  3°  46* 
W.,  2450  feet  above  sea-level.  Railways  connect  it  with 
the  principal  cities  of  Spain.  The  city  is  built  on  several 
low  and  irregular  sand-hills,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  bar- 
ren and  extensive  plain,  which,  except  on  the  S.W,,  has  no 
visible  limit  but  tne  horizon.  It  is  nearly  square,  being 
about  2  miles  in  extent  from  N.  to  S.,  and  2|  miles  from 
E.  to  W.,  is  walled,  and  entered  by  16  public  gates,  of 
which  the  finest  are  the  Puerta  de  Alcali,  facing  the  high- 
way to  Aragon,  and  the  Puerta  de  Toledo.  The  streets,  dis- 
tributed somewhat  irregularly  around  the  Puerta  del  Sol, 
which  is  in  the  centre  of  the  capital,  are  broad,  long,  and 
airy ;  and,  except  in  a  few  streets,  the  houses  are  in  general 
well  constructed,  substantial,  and  of  good  appearance.  The 
squares  are  not  very  numerous,  nor  do  they  contribute  much 
to  the  embellishment  of  the  city.  Of  these,  the  Plaza  Mayor, 
a  little  S.  of  the  Calle  Mayor,  or  main  street,  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  regular,  being  434  feet  long  and  334  feet 
broad,  with  houses  supported  by  granite  pillars,  which  form 
a  line  of  arcades  beneath;  in  the  centre  is  an  elliptical 
esplanade  adapted  to  bull-fights,  with  an  equestrian  statue 
of  Philip  III.  On  the  W.  side  of  the  city,  and  facing  the 
royal  palace,  is  the  Plaza  de  Oriente,  which  is  adorned  with 
40  statues  of  Gothic  kings,  as  well  as  those  of  the  Asturiaa, 
Leon,  Castile,  and  Aragon.  In  the  centre  is  a  fine  eques- 
trian statue  of  Philip  IV.  On  the  N.W.  and  S.B.  of  the 
square  are  gardens,  with  avenues  of  trees,  and  on  the  E. 
stands  the  Teatro  de  Oriente.  Near  the  E.  side  of  the  city 
is  the  Plaza  de  las  Cortes.  It  is  adorned  with  several  rows 
of  trees,  and  in  the  centre  stands  the  semi-colossal  statue 
of  Cervantes,  by  Antonio  Sola.  The  water  with  which  the 
city  is  supplied  comes  from  the  neighboring  mountains,  fil- 
tered through  coarse  red  sand  into  subterranean  conduits. 

The  royal  palace,  situated  at  the  W.  extremity,  is  one  of 
the  most  magnificent  in  the  world.  It  occupies  the  site  of 
the  original  Alcazar  (castle)  of  the  Moors,  and  is  of  enor- 
mous extent,  being  470  feet  each  way  and  100  feet  high. 
The  rustic  base  is  of  granite,  the  window-work  of  white 
stone.  It  contains  a  small  but  splendid  Corinthian  chapel, 
and  a  library  of  nearly  100,000  volumes,  and  the  armory  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  The  Palaoio  del  Congreso 
de  Diputados,  or  Chamber  of  Deputies,  covers  an  area  of 
42,700  square  feet,  and  is  faced  throughout  wth  granite. 
The  Palaoio  de  los  Consejos  is  a  fine  classic  edifice,  designed 
by  Herrera.  This  palace  was  purchased  by  Philip  V.,  and 
contains  the  royal  council,  the  supreme  tribune  of  justice, 
Ac.  The  Audiencia  is  one  of  the  few  buildings  in  Madrid 
of  the  period  of  the  Austrians ;  it  is  two  stories  high,  and 
simple  in  style.  The  Aduana,  or  custom-house,  built  in 
1769,  is  a  vast  and  sumptuous  edifice  of  five  stories,  the 
lower  portion  composed  of  granite,  with  five  arched  en- 
trances in  the  principal  fapade.  The  Casa  de  Correos,  or 
post-office,  a  handsome  structure,  stands  isolated  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Puerta  del  Sol ;  and  the  Casas  Consistoriales,  or 
town  house,  is  situated  in  the  Plaza  de  la  Villa.  The  Pa- 
lacio  de  Buenavista  rises  majestically  on  an  eminence  at 
the  extremity  of  the  Calle  de  Alcald  (Alcala  street),  near  the 
Prado ;  it  contains  the  war  office  and  a  military  museum. 
The  offices  of  marine,  justice,' and  finance  are  in  the  Casa 
de  los  Ministerios  (house  of  the  ministers),  built  for  the 
secretaries  of  stote  by  order  of  Charles  V.  The  mint  (Casa 
de  Moneda)  is  to  the  S.  of  the  palace. 

The  parish  churches  are  about  20  in  number;  among 
them  may  be  named  those  of  Santa  Maria  and  San  Fran- 
cisco,— the  latter  one  of  the  finest  in  Madrid, — San  Ginds  in 
the  Plaza  Mayor,  and  opposite  to  it  Santa  Cru».  Some  of 
the  convents  have  been  appropriated  to  public  secular  uses, 
some  have  been  sold,  and  others  demolished.  Of  the  nun- 
neries, the  Salesas  Viejas,  in  the  N.E.  corner  of  Madrid,  an 
edifice  of  immense  extent,  covering,  with  its  garden,  an 
area  of  88  acres,  was  built  in  1758  as  a  place  of  retreat  and 
a  seminary  for  young  noble  ladies;  and  the  Desoalzas 
Reales,  near  the  centre  of  the  city,  was  founded  by  Juana, 
daughter  of  Charles  V.,  the  abbess  of  which  is  ranked  as  a 
grandee  of  Spain. 

The  most  important  charitable  institutions  are  the  mili- 
tary hospital,  an  extensive  building  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  city,  and  the  Hospicio  of  San  Fernando,  with  schools 
for  both  sexes,  who  are  also  taught  various  handicrafts.  At 
the  S.E.  angle  of  the  city  stands  the  General  Hospital.  The 
Inclusa,  or  foundling  hospital,  receives  about  loOOjshildren 
yearly,  and  oonneotwi  with  it  is  the  Colegio  de  Ninas  de  la 


MAD 


1732 


MAE 


Paz,  to  which  girls  are  transferred  to  be  educated  at  the 
age  of  seven  years.  There  are,  besides,  a  hospital  of  in- 
curables, a  lying-in  asylum,  a  hospital  for  priests,  and  vari- 
ous other  benevolent  establishments.  Near  the  S.E.  corner 
of  the  Plaza  Mayor  stands  the  Carcel  de  Corte,  or  state 
prison.  Here,  also,  are  the  tribunals  of  the  Audiencia,  or 
supreme  court.  The  Carcel  de  Villa  stands  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  city,  beside  the  gate  of  Santa  Barbara. 
There  is  also  a  model  prison,  a  house  of  correction  for 
young  men,  several  female  prisons,  the  Arrepentidas,  the 
Magdalen  Asylum,  &c. 

There  are  7  theatres  in  Madrid,  but  the  most  popular 
place  of  amusement  is  the  Plaza  de  Toros,  a  building  which 
is  about  1100  feet  in  circumference  and  capable  of  contain- 
ing 12,000  spectators.  The  bull-fights  begin  in  April,  and 
continue  till  November.  There  are  also  a  circus,  a  hippo- 
drome, a  club  called  Casino  del  Principe,  and  various  other 
places  of  amusement.  The  Prado,  an  extensive  park  nearly 
2  miles  long,  lies  near  the  gate  of  Alcaic :  here  on  winter 
mornings  and  summer  afternoons  appear  all  the  beauty, 
rank,  and  fashion  of  the  Spanish  capital.  The  Prado,  ex- 
tending along  the  B.  side  of  the  city,  was  levelled  and 
planted  by  the  Conde  de  Aranda,  under  Charles  III.,  and 
laid  out  by  Jos6  Hermonsilla  in  garden-walks.  It  contains 
a  fine  botanic  garden,  and  is  a  place  of  great  resort.  There 
are,  besides,  the  gardens  of  the  Buen  Retiro,  those  behind 
the  royal  palace,  those  of  the  Real  Casino,  the  Casa  del 
Campo,  where  horse-  and  hurdle-races  are  given,  the  Paseo 
de  la  Florida,  the  Paseo  de  la  Ronda,  which  encircles  the 
greatest  part  of  the  city,  the  Atocha,  a  winter  promen.ade. 
Las  Delicias  de  Isabel,  at  the  N.E.  corner  of  Madrid  (con- 
taining the  Fuente  Castellana),  and  various  other  prome- 
nades. 

The  Royal  Museum  of  Painting  and  Sculpture,  standing 
In  the  Prado,  contains  more  than  2000  pictures,  many  of 
which  are  by  the  most  celebrated  artists :  it  is  the  largest 
and  one  of  the  best  art  collections  in  the  world.  The  gallery 
of  sculpture  is  very  inferior.  A  museum,  established  in  the 
suppressed  convent  of  La  Trinidad,  was  opened  to  the  pub- 
lic by  Espartero  in  1842.  Here  have  been  collected,  from 
the  convents  and  galleries  of  Don  Carlos  and  the  Infante 
Sebastian,  some  1500  pictures.  Besides  these,  there  are 
several  good  private  galleries.  There  are  also  a  museum 
of  natural  science,  a  museum  of  antiquities,  and  a  numis- 
matic museum,  containing  150,000  coins  and  medals.  The 
national  library,  founded  by  Philip  V.,  is  in  the  same  build- 
ing with  the  museum  of  antiquities;  it  contains  l.SO,000 
volumes,  and  is  open  to  the  public  daily.  The  library  of 
San  Isidro  consists  of  66,000  volumes. 

The  University  of  Madrid,  which  arose  out  of  that  of 
Alcald  de  Henares,  founded  in  the  fifteenth  century,  stands 
in  the  N.W.  quarter  of  the  city.  There  are,  besides,  a  nor- 
mal school,  a  deaf  and  dumb  institution,  a  school  for  the 
blind,  a  commercial  school,  schools  for  engineers,  a  conser- 
vatory of  music,  an  academy  for  the  fine  arts,  with  a  gal- 
lery of  300  pictures,  a  veterinary  college,  an  academy  of 
medicine  and  surgery,  &c  In  the  Buen  Retiro  stands  the 
observatory,  constructed  in  the  form  of  an  Ionic  temple. 

The  chief  industrial  establishments  are  the  manufactories 
of  porcelain,  carpets,  tapestry,  silver-work,  buttons,  iron 
castings  and  machinery,  coaches,  beer,  paper,  <fec. 

Madrid  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  Mantua  Catyeta- 
norum,  called  Majoritium  in  the  Middle  Ages.  Its  impor- 
tance commenced  in  1563,  wlien  it  was  made  the  capital  of 
Spain  by  Philip  II.  Madrid  was  held  by  the  French  from 
1808  to  1812,  and  here  Napoleon  placed  his  brother  Joseph 
on  the  throne  of  Spain.  It  was  the  birthplace  of  many 
kings  of  Spain,  and  many  eminent  men,  among  whom  are 
Alonzo  de  Ercilla,  Lopez  de  Vega,  Calderon  de  la  Barca, 
Nunez,  and  the  brothers  Velasquez.     Pop.  in  1887,  472,228. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Madrilenian,  mad-re-lee'ne-§,n  (Sp. 

MadrileSo,  m^d-re-lSn'yo). 

Madrid,  a  metropolitan  province  of  Spain,  forming  one 

of  the  five  provinces  into  which   New  Castile  is  divided. 

Area,  2997  square  miles.     Capital,  Madrid.     Pop.  484,541. 

Mad'rid,  a  post-townsbip  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  about 

56  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.     Pop.  394. 

Madrid,  formerly  Columbia  Village,  a  post- village 
in  Madrid  township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River, 
1  mile  N.  of  Madrid  Station  of  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory.  The 
river  here  affords  w-ater-power.  Pop.  in  1880,  761 :  in  1890, 
605 ;  of  the  township,  1969. 

Madridejos,  mftd-re-oi'Hoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  Pop.  6828.  It  stands 
in  an  extensive  plain,  and  is  ancient  and  well  built. 


Madrid  Springs,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  oc., 
N.Y.,  in  Madrid  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  RaiU 
road,  17  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Madrigal,  mid-re-g4l',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  ■ 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avila.  Pop.  2300.  It  is  memorable  M 
as  the  birthplace  of  Isabella  of  Castile.  ■ 

Madrigalejo,  m&d-re-g^-li'no,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  on  the  Ruecas,  60  miles  E.  of  Badajos. 

Madrigueras,  mid-re-gd'ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  24  miles  S.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1859. 

Madrilenian  and  Madrilcno.    See  Madrid. 

Mad  River,  California,  rises  in  Trinity  co.,  runs  north- 
westward through  Humboldt  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific 
Ocean  about  12  miles  N.  of  Eureka.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Mad  River,  New  Hampshire,  a  small  stream  in  Grafton 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Pemigewasset  River 
about  6  miles  above  Plymouth. 

Mad  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  and  runs  south- 
ward through  Champaign  co.  to  Springfield.  Below  this 
place  it  runs  southwestward,  touches  the  N.W.  part  of 
Greene  co.,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  at  Dayton.  Length, 
about  100  miles. 

Mad  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  the  Green  Mountains, 
runs  nearly  northeastward  in  Washington  co.,  and  enters 
the  Winooski  River  about  7  miles  below  Montpelier. 

Mad  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Mad  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.  It  is  surrounded  by 
mountains  and  forests  of  redwood  trees  of  great  size. 

Mad  River,  a  township  of  Champaign  co,,  0.  P.  1803. 

Mad  River,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1873. 
It  contains  Enon. 

Mad  River,  a  township  of  Montgomery oo.,  0.  P.  1867. 

Mad  River  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Singhauptox. 

Madrone,ra&-dro'n4,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Jos6,  Cal. 

Madrofiera,  m2Ld-r6n-y&'rS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  provino* 
and  32  miles  E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2731. 

Madura,  m&-doo'ra,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
immediately  N.E.  of  Java,  with  which  it  is  included  under 
the  Dutch  government.  Lat.  7°  S. ;  Ion.  113°  E.  Area, 
estimated  at  2300  square  miles.  It  is  inferior  in  fertility, 
and  barely  supports  its  population.  Principal  seaports, 
Bankalan,  Samanap,  and  Pamakassan.  Pop.,  including  Ba- 
wian,  763,724.  The  Strait  of  Madura,  a  narrow  channel, 
separates  the  island  of  Madura,  at  its  W.  end,  from  Java. 

Madura,  mi-doo'ri  (anc.  Modura),  a  fortified  city  of 
India,  capital  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  270  miles  S.W. 
of  Madras.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  bastioned  stone  walls ;  its 
streets  are  wide  and  regular,  and  public  edifices  magnificent. 
Here  are  some  of  the  most  remarkable  Hindoo  buildings  in 
India,  comprising  a  large  palace,  a  temple  with  pyramidal 
towers,  and  a  choultry  or  inn  312  feet  in  length,  with  fine 
columns  and  grotesque  sculptures.  The  town  has  several 
Protestant  churches.    Pop.  in  1881,  73,807  ;  in  1891,  87,420. 

Madura  and  Dindigul,  dinMe-gill',  a  district  in  the 
extreme  S.  of  India,  Madras  presidency,  bounded  S.E.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Manaar.  Area,  9502  square  miles.  It  includes 
extensive  marshes.     Capital,  Madura.     Pop.  2,266,615. 

Madwa,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  district.    P.  4691. 

Maeander,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Mender. 

M^hren,  the  German  name  of  Moravia. 

Maelar,  Malar,  md.'lar,  or  Maelaren,  mi'lar-^n,  an 
extensive  lake  of  Sweden,  stretching  inland  from  the  Baltic 
for  about  70  miles.  Breadth,  from  2  to  23  miles;  it  con- 
tains 1300  islands.  It  has  deep  and  clear  water,  and  at  its 
W.  end  receives  the  river  Arboga,  by  which,  and  by  a  canal, 
it  is  connected  southward  with  Lake  Hjelmar.  Stockholm 
is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  strait  connecting  it  with  the 
Baltic. 

Maella,  mi-Sl'yi,  or  Maellas,  mi-Sl'yis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Aragon,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3171. 

Maelstrom,  or  Maistrom,  mSl'striim  (this  is  fre- 
quently pronounced  mil'strum,  which  accords  with  the 
Dutch  sound  of  ae;  but  a  or  ae,  in  Swedish  or  Norwegian, 
sounds  like  4),  a  whirlpool  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway, 
immediately  S.AV.  of  Moskenaesije,  the  most  S.  of  the  Loffo- 
den  Isles.  Lat.  67°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  E.  It  presents  the 
appearance  of  a  rapid  current,  which  runs  alternately  6 
hours  from  N.  to  S.  and  6  hours  from  S.  to  N.,  producing 
immense  whirls.  The  depth  of  the  water  around,  supposed 
at  one  time  to  be  too  great  to  admit  of  soundings,  has  been 
ascertained  not  to  exceed  20  fathoms,  with  a  bottom  of  rocks 
and  white  sand.  The  whirlpool  is  greatest  at  high  or  low 
water,  and  when  the  wind  is  N.W.  and  opposed  to  the  reflux 
of  the  waves  it  attains  its  greatest  fury  and  becomes  ex- 
tremely dangerous ;  but  in  ordinary  circumstance?  it  may 
be  traversed  without  apprehension. 


/fUfe^f^ 


MAE 


1733 


MAG 


Maenus,  or  M^enis,  Germany.     See  Main. 

Maerke-Kerkhem,  iu3,r'k9-kirk'Hdm,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Maerke,  15  miles  S.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1844. 

Maescar^  mis'kar,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  and 
6  miles  W.  of  Brecon.     Pop.  625. 

Maese,  or  Maas,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Meuse. 

Msesia  Inferior,  the  ancient  name  of  Bulgaria. 

Msesia  Superior,  an  ancient  name  of  Seuvia. 

Maestricht,  mis'trikt  (Dutch,  Maastricht,  m&s'triKt; 
Ger.  Mdstricht,  mSs'triKt;  anc.  Trajec'tum  ad  Mo'sam, 
Trajec'tum  Supe'riua),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Limhurg,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mouse, 
opposite  the  suburb  of  Wyk  (Wijk),  at  a  railway  junction, 
on  the  Belgian  frontier,  56  miles  E.  of  Brussels,  and  52 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cologne.  Lat.  50°  61'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  41' 
9"  E.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  Europe,  and, 
by  opening  sluices,  can  place  the  surrounding  district  all 
under  water;  but  its  ramparts  are  to  be  destroyed.  The 
noteworthy  buildings  are  the  town  hall  (stadhuis),  the 
courts  and  general  prison,  the  commandant's  house,  and  the 
arsenal.  Maestricht  has  several  barracks,  a  military  and 
several  other  hospitals,  4  Roman  Catholic  and  2  Protestant 
churches,  a  synagogue,  and  an  athenaeum,  in  which  Latin, 
Greek,  German,  Dutch,  and  other  branches  of  education  are 
taught:  it  formerly  had  numerous  monasteries  and  nun- 
neries. It  carries  on  an  active  transit  trade  with  Belgium, 
and  has  manufactures  of  glass  and  earthenware,  pipes,  fire- 
arms, paper-hangings,  shot,  cloth,  pins,  sugar,  and  seal- 
ing-wax; also  iron-foundries,  distilleries,  and  breweries. 
Maestricht  was  besieged  in  1579  by  the  Spaniards,  under 
the  Duke  of  Parma,  and  8000  of  its  inhabitants  were  mas- 
sacred; in  1673  it  was  taken  by  Louis  XIV.,  and  again 
by  the  French  in  1748  and  1794.  The  town  is  especially 
noted  for  its  immense  quarries,  forming  a  labyrinth  12 
miles  long  and  7  miles  broad.     Pop.  (1892)  32,757. 

Maesyck,  a  tovvn  of  Belgium.     See  Maaseyck. 

Maeter,  mi't^r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
15  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2894. 

Maeystown  j  maz'town,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  111. 

Maffersdorf,  mif  f§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Neisse,  57  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2226. 

Mafta  Island,  Africa.    See  Monfia  Island. 

Mafra,  mi'frS,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
near  the  Atlantic,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Lisbon.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  vast  and  magnificent  pile  of  buildings,  erected 
by  John  V.  in  1717,  in  imitation  of  the  Escurial  of  Spain. 
It  is  in  the  form  of  a  quadrangle,  measuring  760  feet  by 
670  feet,  and  includes  a  magnificent  church,  a  royal  palace, 
a  college  with  a  library  of  about  50,000  volumes,  and  a 
monastery.     Pop.  3337. 

Magaceia,  mi-g8,-thi'l8,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  1305. 

Magadino,  mS,-g4-dee'no,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Ticino,  on  Lago  Maggiore,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Ticino,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  667. 

Magadoxo,  mag-a-dox'o  (Port.  pron.  mi-g4-do'sho), 
written  also  Magadoxa,  Mukdeesha,  miik-dee'shi, 
and  Makadishu,  mi-ki-dee'shoo,  a  maritime  town  of 
East  Africa,  subject  to  Zanzibar,  and  the  chief  commercial 
entrep6t  between  Cape  Guardafui  and  the  river  Juba,  on  the 
Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  2°  2'  N.,  Ion.  45°  25'  E.  Pop.,  with 
suburbs,  4000.  The  town  is  enclosed  by  stone  walls,  and 
divided  into  two  parts,  one  composed  wholly  of  tombs,  the 
other  comprising  about  150  stone  and  many  wooden  houses, 
a  mosque,  and  several  minarets  of  Arabian  architecture. 
The  exports  are  sesame,  ivory,  gums,  and  some  peculiar 
cloths ;  principal  imports,  sugar,  dates,  salt  fish,  and  arms. 

Magaguadavic,  mi^g4-gw3,-dS,-veek',  a  river  of  New 
Brunswick,  falls  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay  4  miles  below 
the  town  of  St.  George.  It  is  about  100  miles  in  length, 
and  aflFords  great  water-power  to  a  large  number  of  mills, 
which  manufacture  immense  quantities  of  lumber. 

Magalhaens,  Strait  of.    See  Magellan. 

Magalia,  ma-gail'ya,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal., 
about  56  miles  N.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  church,  several 
lumber-mills,  and  gold-mines. 

Magallanes,  mi-gi-y&'nSs,  a  territory  of  Chili 
(claimed  also  by  the  Argentine  Republic),  on  both  sides  of 
the  Strait  of  Magellan.  It  is  of  indefinite  extent.  The 
climate  is  cold,  but  not  severe.  Coal  is  the  principal  ex- 
port. Timber  abounds,  and  the  soil  is  good.  Potatoes  are 
the  principal  crop.     Capital,  Punta  Arenas.     Pop.  1144. 

Magallou,  mi-gil-yon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2580. 

Magalloway  River.    See  Maroallaway  River. 
Maganetawan,  mi^gl-n4t-q,-w4n',  a   river   of  On- 


tario, rises  about  lat.  45°  30'  N.,  Ion.  79°  W.,  and  falls  into 
Georgian  Bay  through  Byng  Inlet.     Length,  100  miles. 

Magazine,  m4g-a-zeen',  a  post-village  of  Logan  oo., 
Ark.,  near  the  Magazine  Mountain. 

Alag'dala,  a  hill-fort  of  Abyssinia,  on  the  plateau  of 
Talanta,  lat.  11°  20'  N.,  Ion.  39°  10'  E.  Stormed  and  totally 
destroyed  by  the  British,  April  13, 1868.    Altitude,  9110  feet. 

Magdala,  mag'da-1%  (Arab.  El  Mejdel,  h\  mdj'del ;  He- 
brew, Mig'dal),  a  village  of  Palestine,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Lake  of  Tiberias. 

Magdalen,  mag'da-l§n  (Channel  or  Sound),  Terra  del 
Fuego,  is  a  branch  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  between  Clar- 
ence and  Dawson  Islands.  Oflf  its  S.E.  coast  is  Mount  Sar- 
miento,  6800  feet  in  height. 

Magdalena,  m4g-d4-l4'n4,  a  small  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lat.  41°  13'  4" 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  24'  E. 

Magdalena,  a  bay  of  Lower  California,  in  which  la 
the  island  of  Santa  Margarita. 

Magdalena,  mag-da-lee'n^  or  mS.g-d&-l4'n4  (Fr.  and 
native  name,  Fatuhiva,  fA-too-hee'v4),  the  most  southern 
of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.  It  has  a  harbor 
on  its  S.  side.     Pop.  about  300. 

Magdale'na,  an  island  of  Senegambia,  near  the  coast, 
S.  of  Cape  Verd. 

Magdalena,  mag-da-lee'na  (Sp.  pron.  m&g-d&-l&'n4), 
the  principal  river  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises  at 
the  frontier  of  Ecuador,  lat.  2°  N.,  Ion.  76°  W.,  flows  N., 
and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  in  lat.  11°  N.,  Ion.  75°  W. 
Total  course,  estimated  at  900  miles.  Principal  tributaries, 
the  Cauca  and  the  Galinazo.  Above  Mompox  it  divides,  to 
enclose  the  island  of  Morales,  40  miles  in  length.  Its  cur- 
rent is  very  rapid,  and  its  navigation  difficult ;  but  it  is 
still  the  main  route  of  communication  between  the  interior 
of  Colombia  and  the  sea. 

Magdalena,  called  also  the  TJbahy,  oo-bi-hee', 
Branco,  br3,n'ko,  and  San  Miguel,  s4n  me-ghdl',  a 
large  river  of  Bolivia.  In  its  earlier  course  it  is  called  the 
Chiquitos;  it  issues  from  Lake  Ubahy,  lat.  18°  20'  S.,  and 
flows  N.N.W.  to  about  lat.  16°  S.,  when  it  assumes  one  or 
other  of  the  names  above  quoted,  and  ultimately  falls  into 
the  Guapore,  in  lat.  12°  20'  S.,  Ion.  65°  5'  W.  Its  entire 
length,  including  the  Chiquitos,  is  upwards  of  500  miles. 

Magdalena,  a  lake  of  Bolivia,  lat.  14°  5'  S.,  Ion.  64° 
25'  W.,  about  12  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad. 

Magdalena,  m5,g-d4-l4'ni,  a  cavern  in  Carinthia, 
Austria-Hungary,  3  miles  from  the  cavern  of  Adelsberg. 

Magdalena,  a  small  town  or  village  of  Bolivia,  on  the 
Magdalena.     Lat.  13°  51'  S.;  Ion.  64°  31'  W. 

Magdalena,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  on  a 
branch  of  Sonora  River.  The  stationary  population  is  about 
1500  ;  but  at  the  festival  of  San  Francisco  it  is  increased  to 
10,000  or  12,000. 

Magdalena,  the  most  northern  department  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  having  N.  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Esti- 
mated area,  30,000  square  miles.  Pop.  90,000.  Surface 
very  diversified,  two  cordilleras  of  the  Andes  covering  its 
S.  and  E.  portions.     Capital,  Santa  Marta. 

Mag'dalen  Islands,  a  group  near  the  centre  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Breton,  and 
100  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  nearest  point  of  Newfoundland. 
Coffin's  Island,  the  largest  of  the  group,  is  25  miles  long, 
but  very  narrow.  Amherst  Island  is  nearly  6  miles  in 
length  and  3i  miles  in  width,  and  contains  the  best  harbor 
in  the  chain.  Gypsum  is  found  in  the  hollows  and  basins 
of  the  island,  and  occasionally  in  veins.  This  mineral  forms 
an  important  article  of  export.  The  principal  dependence 
of  the  inhabitants  is  upon  the  cod-,  lobster-,  hernng-,  and 
seal-fishing.  The  Magdalen  Islands  are  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Canadian  government,  and  belong  to  the  dis- 
trict of  Gaspe.  They  were  granted  by  the  British  govern- 
ment to  Admiral  Sir  Isaac  Cofiin,  and  by  him  were  be- 
queathed in  strict  entail  to  his  heirs.  There  is  a  custom- 
house on  Amherst  Ishind.     Pop.  3172. 

Magdeburg,  mag'de-barg  (Ger.  pron.  mio'd^h-bSfiRG* ; 
Fr.  Maydebourg,  mig'd?h-booR' ;  L.  Slagdehur'gHm),K  town 
of  Prussia,  capital  of  a  government,  and  of  the  province  of 
Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of  Berlin,  at  an  im- 
portant railway  junction.  It  ranks  as  a  fortress  of  the  first 
class,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  strongest  places  in 
Europe.  The  Elbe  here  forms  several  branches,  and  di 
vides  the  town  into  three  parts, — the  town  proper,  which, 
on  the  land  side,  is  regularly  fortified,  and,  towards  the 
river,  defended  by  Forts  Sternschanze  and  Scharnhorst; 
the  Werder,  with  its  citadel ;  and  Froderickstadt,  likewiss 
strongly  fortified.  The  chief  suburbs  are  NeusUdt-Magde- 
burg,  on  the  N.  (pop.  87,926),  and  Buckau,  on  the  S.  (pop 


6-J 


MAG 


1734     2  U  /3  ^/ A^       MAG 


10,771).  The  houses  are  for  the  most  part  large  and  hand- 
some, but  a  great  number  of  the  streets  are  narrow.  The 
principal  squares  are  the  New  Market,  or  Domplatz,  and 
the  Old  Market,  which  is  decorated  with  an  equestrian 
Btatue  of  the  Emperor  Otho,  erected  in  973.  A  fine  walk 
ia  furnished  by  the  Fiirstenwall,  a  well-planted  terrace  or 
parade-ground,  along  the  margin  of  the  Elbe.  The  build- 
ings most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  Domkirche,  or  cathe- 
dral, one  of  the  noblest  Gothic  structures  of  Northern  Ger- 
many, erected  in  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries ; 
St.  Sebastian's  church,  in  which  is  the  grave  of  Otto  Gue- 
ricke,  the  inventor  of  the  air-pump ;  and  the  Marien,  or 
Roman  Catholic  church,  older  even  than  the  cathedral. 
Magdeburg  possesses  numerous  benevolent  institutions  and 
educational  establishments,  hospitals,  and  orphan  asylums, 
a  gymnasium,  padagogium,  normal  seminary,  medical,  in- 
dustrial, and  several  other  schools,  institution  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  Ac.  The  manufactures  consist  principally  of 
woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  cloth,  silk  ribbons,  leather, 
gloves,  soap,  and  candles.  There  are  also  several  beet- 
sugar-  and  chiccory-factories,  breweries,  distilleries,  and 
oil-works.  The  trade  is  extensive,  and  derives  great  facili- 
ties from  the  position  of  the  town  on  the  Elbe,  the  canal 
connecting  this  river  with  the  Havel,  and  the  railroads 
communicating  with  Leipsic,  Halle,  Berlin,  and  Hamburg. 
The  principal  articles  are  corn,  wood,  coals,  wine,  and  colo- 
nial produce.  Magdeburg  is  mentioned  in  the  records  of 
the  eighth  century.  It  early  distinguished  itself  in  the 
Eeformation,  and  long  exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  its 
favor.  In  1631  it  was  taken  by  storm  and  given  up  to 
indiscriminate  massacre  by  Tilly.  The  most  horrible  atro- 
cities were  committed :  above  20,000  people  were  murdered, 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  town  was  laid  in  ashes.  It  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  1806  and  annexed  to  the  kingdom 
of  Westphalia.  Pop.  in  1816,  34.808;  in  1875,  with  sub- 
urbs, 122,789;  in  1885,  159,520;  in  1890,  202,234. 

Magdeburg,  a  government  of  Prussian  Saxony,  is 
bounded  N.  by  Brandenburg  and  Hanover.  Area,  4441 
square  miles.     Pop.  937,305. 

JMagdunum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mgcnq. 

Mag6,  mi-zhii,',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  river  Mag6,  near  its  mouth 
in  the  Bay  of  Rio. 

Magee's,  ma-gheez',  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Warren  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Tidioute,  and  39  miles  from  Oil  City. 

Magee's  Corners^  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Tyre  township,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Magelang,  m&^ga-l&ng',  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Kadoe,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Samarang,  1377  feet 
above  sea-level.     Pop.  34,000. 

Magellan,  mi-jel'lan  (Sp.  pron.  ml-HSI-yin'),  or  Ma- 
galhaens  (m&-gil-y&'dns).  Strait  of,  divides  the  conti- 
nent of  South  America  from  the  islands  of  Terra  del  Fuego : 
the  E.  entrance  is  formed  by  Cape  Virgin,  on  the  mainland, 
and  by  Cape  Espiritu  Santo  (Queen  Catherine's  Foreland), 
on  one  of  the  largest  islands  composing  Terra  del  Fuego, 
extending  between  lat.  52°  10'  and  55°  S.  and  Ion.  68°  20' 
and  75°  W.  It  is  upwards  of  300  miles  long,  and  is  of  difl&- 
oult  navigation.  The  tides  in  the  strait  reach  an  elevation 
of  about  60  feet,  the  highest  point  they  attain  on  the  Pata- 
gonian  coast.  The  strait  was  discovered  in  1520  by  Ma- 
galhaens,  the  great  Portuguese  navigator,  then  in  the  service 
of  Spain,  and  called,  in  honor  of  him,  the  Strait  of  Magal- 
haens.     The  Spaniards  changed  the  name  to  Magellan. 

Magenta,  mi-jfin'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Milan.  A  great  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
Austrians  and  the  allied  French  and  Sardinian  army,  June 
4,  1859;  the  allies  were  victorious.     Pop.  6135. 

Mageroe,  mag'§r-o  or  mS,'gh§r-6^§h,  an  island  of  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Norway,  terminating  N.  by  the 
North  Cape,  in  lat.  71°  10'  N.,  Ion.  25°  50'  E.  It  is  inhab- 
ited by  a  few  Norwegian  and  Lappish  families. 

Maggeri,  mig'g§-ree\  or  Mangry,  ming'gree,  a  town 
of  India,  in  Mysore,  22  miles  W.  of  Bangalore.  It  has 
some  iron-works,  iron  ore  abounding  in  its  vicinity. 

Maggiore,  Lake,  Italy.    See  Lago  Maggiore. 

Maghera,  min'^r-a,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  London- 
derry, 20  miles  S.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  1213. 

Magh^erafelt',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Londonderry, 
26  milns  S.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  1401. 

Magherno,  m4-ghSR'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1503. 

Maglieross,  Ireland.    See  Cabrickmacross. 

Maghiana,  mi-ghee-in'a,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
«  few  miles  S.  of  .Tung.     Pop.  10,854. 


Maghil,  Makil,  or  Maakil,  m|-Keer,  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Shat-el-Arab,  4  miles  above  Bas- 
sorah.  It  has  wharves  and  English-built  warehouses,  and 
takes  much  of  the  former  trade  of  Bassorah, 

Maghistan,  a  region  of  Persia.     See  Kerman. 

Magh,  Linn,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Mauchliite. 

Maghribee,  mig're-bee\  a  town  of  Sinde,  in  the  delta, 
on  a  navigable  arm  of  the  Indus,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tatta. 
Pop.  5000. 

Magila,  a  town,  mission-station,  and  district  of  East 
Africa.     Lat.  5°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  48'  E. 

Magindanao,  Philippines.    See  Mindanao. 

Magione,  mi-j6'ni,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Perugia.     Pop.  6851. 

Magist^re,  La,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  MaoistSre. 

Maglans,  or  Magland,  mi'glftN*'  (L.  Malia'num  FuU 
cimeii'sium  ?),  a  village  of  Savoy,  on  the  Arvo,  11  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bonneville.     Pop.  1645. 

Magliano,  mil-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  or  near 
the  Tiber,  20  miles  W.  of  Rieti.     Pop.  2581. 

Magliano,  a  village  of  Italy,  Naples,  province  of 
Aquila,  district  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  3923. 

Magliano  di  Mondovi,  mCl-y&'no  dee  mon-do-vee', 
a  village  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  province  and  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Mondovi.     Pop.  2491. 

Magliano  Grande,  m&l-y&'no  gr&n'd&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  1077. 

Maglie,  mll'ye-i,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  19 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  5737. 

Maglod,  m&g-lSd',  a  village  of  Hungary,  12  miles  from 
Pesth.     Pop.  1244. 

Magna-Cavallo,  min'yi-ki-vil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
E.S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2127. 

Magnac-Laval,  m&n^y&k'-l&V&l',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Vienne.  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1364. 

Magnac  Le  Bonrg,  m&n^y&k'  l^h  boon,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Saint- Yrieix. 

Magnago,  m&n-y&'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1080. 

Magnano,  m&n-y&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.  of 
Biella.     Pop.  1697. 

Magnavacca,  m&n^y&-v&k'k&,  a  village  and  seaport 
of  Italy,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ferrara,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
canal,  on  the  Adriatic. 

Magn^,  m&n^y&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-Sdrree,  4 
miles  W,  of  Niort.     Pop.  1335. 

Magnesia  ad  Sipylum.    See  Maneesa. 

Mag'ness  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Ealb  oo.,  Tenn., 
17  miles  from  McMinnville.    It  has  a  church  and  grist-mill. 

Magnet'ical  Island,  an  island  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  Halifax  Bay.    Lat.  19°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  45'  E. 

Magnet'ical  Island,  an  island  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Guatemala.     Lat.  8°  4'  6"  N.;  Ion.  81°  47'  W. 

Magnisi,  m&n-yee'see,  a  promontory  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sicily  (harbor  of  Agosta),  6  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 

Magno'lia,  a  po.^t-office  or  hamlet  of  Marengo  co., 
Ala.,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Selma. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co., 
Ark.,  about  38  miles  by  rail  S.Av.  of  Camden.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
numerous  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co.,  Col. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about  50 
miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  3  or  4  miles  from  Delaware 
Bay.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  brick-yard. 

Magnolia,  a  station  on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Rail* 
road,  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon,  Ga. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  in  Magnolia  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  111.,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa,  and  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  287  ;  of  the  township,  1326. 

Magnolia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  abont 
33  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.     Pop.  33. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  in  Magnolia  township,  Hai- 
rison  co.,  Iowa,  on  AVillow  Creek,  6  miles  W.  of  Logan,  and 
about  34  miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  and  a 
money -order  post-office.     Pop.  450 ;  of  the  township,  939. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Magnolia,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Rue  co.,  Ey.,  about 
68  miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  East  Baton  Rouge  parish, 
La.,  12  miles  E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  19  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  nearly  2  miles  from  an  inlet  of 
Chesapeake  Bay.     It  has  several  stores. 


MAG 


1735 


MAH 


Magnolia^  a  post-office,  station,  and  summer  resort  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Gloucester 
Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Gloucester. 
It  has  5  boarding-houses  and  a  church.  Here  the  Magnolia 
glauca  grows  wild ;  and  it  is  believed  that  this  is  the  north- 
ernmost natural  habitat  of  any  American  magnolia. 

Magnolia,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  174. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  98  miles 
N.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  general 
stores,  and  1  or  2  mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  676. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  in  Mag- 
nolia township,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  48 
miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  college,  a  seminary,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in  1890, 
460 ;  of  the  township,  1789. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Rose 
township,  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wool- 
len-mill. 

Magnolia,  a  township  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1790. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C. 

Magnolia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nansemond  oo.,  Ya.,  on 
the  Seaboard  <fc  Roanoke  Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Norfolk.     It  has  a  church. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  in  Magno- 
lia township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  27 
miles  S.  of  Madison,  and  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Janesville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  &c.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
iihip,  1079. 

Magnolia  Plantation,  post-office,  Baldwin  co.,  Ala. 

Magnolia  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex., 
48  miles  N.  of  Beaumont.     It  has  2  churches. 

Magny,  min^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
11  miles  N.  of  Mantes-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1960. 

Magocs,  mi^gotch',  a  village  of  Hungary,  15  miles  from 
Fiinfkirchen.     Pop.  2421. 

Magoffin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  grass,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of  Kentucky.  Capital, 
Salyersville,  situated  on  the  Licking  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4684,-  in  1880,  6944;  in  1890,  9196. 

Ma'gog,  a  famous  fishing-stream  of  Quebec,  flows  from 
Lake  Memphremagog,  and,  after  a  rapid  course  of  17  miles, 
joins  the  St.  Francis  at  Sherbrooke. 

Magog,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  at  the 
N.  end  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Water- 
loo. It  has  good  water-power,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
several  stores,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  &c.     Pop.  600. 

Magog  Ijake,  a  beautiful  lake  on  the  above  river,  half- 
way between  its  source  and  its  discharge,  about  9  miles  long 
by  3  miles  wide.     It  contains  an  abundance  of  fish. 

Magoo,  mi^goo',  or  Makoo,  mi^koo',  a  town  of  Per- 
sia, province  of  Azerbaijan,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Khoi. 
Here  is  a  remarkable  cavern,  and  the  river  Magoo  is  crossed 
by  a  natural  bridge  of  lava. 

Ma^goon',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Darlington.     It  has  a  church. 

Magoon's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co., 
Quebec,  on  Lake  Memphremagog,  5J  miles  S.  of  George- 
ville.     Pop.  180. 

Mag'pie,  a  large  and  rapid  river  of  the  county  of 
Saguenay,  Quebec,  rises  near  the  source  of  the  East  Branch 
of  the  Moisic,  and  empties  itself  into  the  N.  shore  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  miles  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  river 
St.  John.     It  is  a  fine  salmon-stream. 

Magra,  mi'gri  (anc.  Ma'cra),  a  river  of  North  Italy, 
after  a  S.  course  of  35  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Genoa  2 
miles  E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Spezia. 

Magru'der's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
thfi  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Magstadt,  mio'stitt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2106. 

Maguelonne,m4^gh§h-lonn', an  islet,  or  rather  a  pen- 
insula, of  France,  in  H6rault,  above  1  mile  long,  and  about 
6  miles  from  Montpellier.  It  once  was  the  site  of  a  town 
of  some  celebrity  in  the  history  of  Languedoc. 

Magnelonne,  a  lagoon  of  France,  department  of  H4- 
rault,  4  miles  S.  of  Montpellier.     Length,  17  miles. 

Maguire's  (ma-gwirz')  Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
eo.  of  Fermanagh,  on  Colebrook  River,  7  miles  S.E.  of  En- 
niskillen.     Pop.  679. 


Maguire's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  eo., 
Ark.,  45  miles  N.  of  Alma  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mag'we,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  left  side  of  the  Irra- 
waddy,  35  miles  above  Prome.     Pop.  8000. 

Magyar  Benye,  mSd'ySB'  bSn'yi',  or  Bendorf, 
bin'doRf,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  about  6  miles  S.  of 
Meilgyes.     Pop.  1120. 

Magyar  Orsadg,  Europe.    See  Hu.voart. 

Magyaros,  mdd^ydr^osh',  or  Nussbach,  nfiSs'b&K,  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  27  miles  from  Eronstadt,  on  the 
Aloota.     Pop.  1500. 

Magyar  Ovar,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Altevbobo. 

Mahabalipooram,  mJl-b&-b&Mc-poo-r&m',  a  town  of 
British  India,  35  miles  S.  of  Madras,  on  the  Carnatic  coast. 
Near  it  are  remarkable  Hindoo  temples  and  excavations. 

Mahableshwur  (m3,-h&-bld8h-wiir')  Hills,  a  conva- 
lescent station  of  British  India,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Bombay, 
in  the  ghauts  of  the  Concan.  Lat.  17®  56'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  30' 
W.  The  village  here  consists  of  about  70  dwellings,  with  a 
sanatarium  having  8  sets  of  quarters,  a  church,  a  prison, 
and  a  library. 

Mahadeo,  m&-h&-dd.'o,  a  famous  Hindoo  temple  of 
British  India,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Hoshungabad. 

Mahadiah,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Mehdia. 

Mahaica,  mi-hi'ki,  a  town  of  British  Guiana  (Deme- 
rara),  22  miles  S.E.  of  Georgetown,  to  which  a  railroad  ex 
tends.     Here  is  a  lazaretto  for  lepers,  also  a  prison. 

Mahakkan,  a  river  of  Borneo.     See  Koti. 

Mahalasville,  ma-hil'lS,z-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Mahamdi,  m&-h&m-dee',  a  town  of  India,  North-West 
Provinces,  in  Oude,  division  of  Seetapoor.     Pop.  6061. 

Ma^han',  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Mahanan'da,  or  Mahanun'da,  a  large  river  of 
Bengal,  rises  near  Darjeeling,  and,  after  a  generally  S.  course 
of  250  miles,  joins  the  Ganges.     It  is  extensively  navigated. 

Mahanoy,  mah'a-noy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  Mahanoy  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Sun- 
bury.  It  is  near  the  Mahanoy  &,  Shamokin  Railroad.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  2  hotels. 

Mahanoy,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  is  drained 
by  Mahanoy  Creek.  It  contains  Mahanoy  City,  and  has 
rich  mines  of  anthracite.  A  ridge  called  Mahanoy  Moun- 
tain extends  along  its  N.W.  border.    Pop.  9400. 

Mahanoy  City,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  a  valley  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Broad  Mountain, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pottsville,  10  miles  W.  of  Tamaqua,  and 
109  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  a  branch 
of  the  Reading  Railroad.  It  contains  12  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  pottery,  and  an  iron- 
foundry.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  operations  in  an- 
thracite coal.    Here  are  about  20  collieries.   P.  (1890)  11,286. 

Mahanoy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill 
CO.,  runs  westward  through  Northumberland  co.,  and  eaten 
the  Susquehanna  River  about  12  miles  below  Sunbury. 

Mahanoy  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  ridge 
in  the  N.  part  of  Schuylkill  co.,  from  which  it  extends 
westward  into  Northumberland  co.  It  forms  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  Mahanoy  Coal  Basin,  which  is  bounded  S. 
by  Broad  Mountain.     Here  are  rich  mines  of  anthracite. 

Mahanoy  Plane,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
forming  part  of  Gilberton  Borough,  on  the  Mine  Hill  t 
East  Mahanoy  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Shenandoah  Branch,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Mahanoy  City. 
It  is  on  or  near  the  Mahanoy  Mountain.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mahantango,  moH-in't9n-go,  or  Moh'on'tongo,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Har 
risburg. 

Mahantango,  or  Mahantongo,  a  station  in  Nor- 
thumberland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Sunbury.     It  is  on  the  Susquehanna  River. 

Mahantango  (or  Mahoutongo)  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, rises  in  Schuylkill  co.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Northumberland  co. 

Mahantango  (or  Mahantongo)  Mountain,  Penn- 
sylvania, extends  from  the  Susquehanna  River  along  the 
northern  border  of  Dauphin  co. 

Mahanuddy,  or  Mahanadi,  m&^h&-uiid'dee,  a  river 
of  India,  rises  in  Raipoor  district.  Central  Provinces,  and 
pursues  a  very  devious  course,  generally  eastward,  through 
Orissa  to  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  In  the  rainy  season  it  is  one 
of  the  largest  of  Indian  rivers.  It  has  many  moutha. 
Length,  529  miles ;  catchment  basin,  45,000  square  mUei. 


MAH 


1736 


MAIl 


Maha  Nuwara,  the  Sinhalese  name  of  Kandy. 
Maharajegunge,  ini-h§,-ri-je-gunj',  a  town  of  Bun- 
delcund,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oorcha. 

Maharajguuge,  or  Maharajganj.  See  Jhalakati. 

Maharay^  m4h'4-ra,  Mahragh,  ma,h'r4H,  or  Moh'- 
arrek,  a  town  at  the  S.  end  of  the  island  of  Maharay, 
one  of  the  Bahrein  Islands,  Arabia,  on  a  strait  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  town  and  island  of  Manama.  It  is  built 
chiefly  of  white  houses,  is  fortified,  and  has  a  large  palace. 

Ma^harg'y  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles 
N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Mahas'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Des  Moines  River  and  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  Skunk 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level. 
The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  This  county  has  a  large 
proportion  of  prairie,  and  has  tracts  of  good  timber  grow- 
ing along  the  rivers  and  creeks.  The  staple  products  are 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork.  Many 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county, 
which  has  also  beds  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  Central  Railroad,  two  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Burlington  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  Oskaloosa,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,508;  in  1875,  23,718;  in  1880,  25,202;  in 
1890,  28,805. 

Mahavilly-Gunga,  mi-hi-virie-gan'gi,  or  Maha- 
velle-Ganga,  mi-ha-verie-gin'gi,  the  principal  river 
of  Ceylon,  rises  in  the  centre  of  the  island,  flows  N.  past 
Kandy  and  Bintenne,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean,  by 
several  mouths,  S.  of  Trincomalee.  It  receives  numerous 
affluents. 

Mah6,  mi^hi',  the  largest  island  of  the  Seychelles,  cov- 
ered with  high  granite  mountains.  It  is  17  miles  long. 
Chief  town,  Port  Victoria,  or  Mah6. 

Mah6)  mi^hi',  a  town  of  India,  belonging  to  the  French, 
Malabar  coast,  on  a  navigable  river,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Calicut.  Lat.  11°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  38'  E.  Pop.,  with  ad- 
joining French  district,  8469. 

Mah6bourg,  mi^hi^booR',  a  town  of  the  Mauritius, 
on  a  fine  bay  called  Grand  Port,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  35  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Port  Louis.  It  has  a  battery  and  barracks, 
but  has  declined,  its  harbor  being  difficult  of  access.  It  is 
also  called  Grand  Port ;  but  that  name  belongs  to  a  village 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  bay. 

Maheidpoor,  m8,-hid-poor',  or  Mehidpoor^  mih- 
hid-poor',  a  town  of  India,  22  miles  N.  of  Oojein. 

Mah'erville,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Maheshasooraj  a  country  of  India.    See  Mysore. 

Ma^hespoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Nuddea. 
Lat.  23°  21'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  57'  23"  E.     Pop.  4100. 

Mahigunge,  or  Mahigaiy,  m&^he-gunj',  a  large 
town  of  Bengal,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Rungpoor,  and  within  its 
municipal  limits. 

Mahikanta,  India.    See  Myheb  Caunta. 

Mahim,  mi^heem'  or  mi^heen"',  a  seaport  town  of 
India,  on  the  W.  coast,  50  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Bombay. 
Another  Mahim  is  10  miles  N.  of  Bombay,  on  the  island 
and  within  the  municipal  limits  of  Bombay. 

Mahim,  a  town  of  British  India,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Delhi. 

Mahlberg,  m&l'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Baden,  2i  miles  N.E. 
of  Ettenheim.     Pop.  1064. 

Mah^mudabad',  a  town  of  India,  Seetapore  division. 
Pop.  in  1872,  6312. 

Mahoba,  m&-ho'b&,  an  ancient  ruined  town  of  India, 
Bundelcund,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Banda,  in  and  about  which 
are  some  striking  architectural  remains. 

Maholm,  ma'hom,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  at 
Bristol  Railroad  Station. 

Mahomed-Khan-Ka-Tanda,  mi-hom'4d^-kin- 
ki-tin'dS,,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  a  branch  of  the  Indus,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad.     It  carries  on  trade  with  Cutch. 

Mahom'et  (formerly  Middletown),  a  post-village  in 
Mahomet  township.  Champaign  co..  111.,  on  the  Sangamon 
River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Champaign,  and  38  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
flour-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  700  ;  of  the  township,  1401. 

Mahomet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  oo.,  Tex,,  about  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin. 

Mahon,  Port,  Minorca.     See  Port  Mahon. 

Mahon,  mi-hon',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  and  22 
miles  E.  of  Kerman. 

Mahona,  m&-ho'n&,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and 
34  miles  S.W.  of  Gwalior. 


Mahone  (ma'hon)  Bay,  a  considerable  bay  on  the  S.E 
coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Mahone  Bay,  or  Kin'burn,  a  post-village  in  Ln- 
nenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  6  miles  N.  of 
Lunenburg.  It  contains  20  stores,  2  hotels,  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  2  or  3  saw-mills,  and  has  a  good  business 
in  the  building  of  small  vessels  and  in  the  shipment  of 
lumber,  wood,  &c.     Pop.  800. 

Maho'ning,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  borders 
on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  425  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Mahoning  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Beaver  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
nearly  one-fourth  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Oats,  hay, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  flax  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal 
and  iron  ore.  Its  annual  product  of  pig-iron  is  large.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  Rail- 
road, the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg  <fc 
Lake  Erie  Railroad,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  other  railroads. 
Capital,  Youngstown.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,001;  in  1880, 
42,871 ;  inl890,  55,979. 

Mahoning,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windham  township,  Por- 
tage CO.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Warren.     It  has  a  cheese-box-factory. 

Mahoning,  a  post-village  in  Pine  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  mouth  of 
Mahoning  Creek,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an 
iron-furnace,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  about  125. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.   P.  1402. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Carbon  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  1589, 
exclusive  of  Lehighton. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.    P.  1598. 

Mahoning,  or  Maho'ningtown,  a  village  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Pa.,  on  Beaver  River,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Mahoning  and  Shenango  Rivers,  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Lake 
Erie  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
flour-mills,  and  a  limestone-quarry.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Cross  Cut. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1036, 
exclusive  of  Danville. 

Mahoning  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Jefferson 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  in 
Armstrong  co.,  about  10  miles  above  Kittanning.  It  is 
about  50  miles  long. 

Mahoning  Furnace,  a  hamlet  in  Mahoning  town- 
ship, Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  5  miles  S.  of  New  Bethlehem  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  furnace  for  pig-iron  and  a  coal-mine. 

Mahoning  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  in  Carbon  oo., 
is  situated  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  Lehigh  River  and  on 
the  S.E.  of  Mahoning  Creek. 

Mahoning  River  rises  in  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Stark 
and  Portage  cos.,  runs  southeastward  through  Trumbull 
and  Mahoning  cos.,  and  passes  into  Pennsylvania.  It 
unites  with  the  Shenango  River  in  Lawrence  co.,  about  4 
miles  S.W.  of  New  Castle,  to  form  the  Beaver  River.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long.  The  largest  towns  on  the  Mahoning 
are  Youngstown,  Alliance,  and  Warren,  all  in  Ohio. 

Mahontonga,  or  Mahontongo.    See  Mahantamgo. 

Mahonville,  ma'on-vil,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  CoU 

Mahoopeny,  Pennsylvania.     See  Mehoopany. 

Mahoor,  mi-hoor',  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  country, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Wurdah,  178  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hyder- 
abad. 

Maho'pac,  a  hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  from 
Pontiac. 

Mahopac,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Carmel  township,  on  Lake  Mahopac,  and 
on  the  New  York  &  Mahopac  Railroad,  which  connects  with, 
the  Harlem  Railroad  at  Golden's  Bridge,  50  miles  N.  by  B. 
of  New  York.  Here  are  9  large  hotels  and  boarding-houses, 
which  in  summer  are  crowded  with  visitors.  The  lake  en- 
closes several  beautiful  islands,  and  is  surrounded  by  hilly 
and  picturesque  scenery.  Elevation,  1800  feet.  Mahopao 
has  3  churches  and  a  banking-house. 

Mahopac  Falls,  formerly  Red  Mills,  a  post-ham- 
let in  Carmel  township,  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Peekskill,  and  1  mile  from  Lake  Mahopac.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mahora,  mi-ho'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
19  miles  N.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1368. 

Mahowl,  m&-h5wl',  a  town  of  British  India,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Azimghur. 

Mahragh,  Arabia.    See  Maharay. 

Mahrah,  m&h'r&,  a  tract  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia^ 


MAII 


1737 


MAI 


between  Hadrainaut  and  Curia  (or  Kuria)  Muria  (Kuryan 
Murian)  Bay.  It  is  mostly  covered  by  the  Sejer  and 
Subdhn  mountain-ranges.  Mahrah  is  the  country  of  the 
Mahr^  tribe  or  nation.  The  name  Mahrah  has  been  dis- 
placed by  others  of  local  origin,  the  maritime  portion  of 
the  country  being  now  generally  called  Shehr  or  El  Shehr. 
In  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  the  whole 
country,  from  Dhofar  to  the  W.  limit  of  Hadramaut,  was 
ruled  by  the  king  or  sultan  of  Shehr  or  Sejer.  Mahrah 
exports  frankincense,  with  aloes,  dragon's-blood,  and  vari- 
ous gums,  to  India. 

Mahratta  (mi-r4t'ta)  States  comprise  many  of  the 
principal  states  of  Central  India,  viz.,  the  Sattarah,  Gwalior, 
Indore,  Kolapoor,  Dhar,  and  Dewar  dominions,  having  a 
united  area  estimated  at  130,000  square  miles.  The  Mah- 
ratta Confederation  rose  into  notice  under  Sevajee  in  the 
middle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  in  the  eighteenth 
its  possessions  extended  from  the  province  of  Agra  to 
Cape  Comorin ;  but  its  power  was  soon  afterwards  broken 
by  the  British,  to  whom  all  the  states  which  composed  it 
are  now  subsidiary.  The  warlike  Mahratta  race  is  found 
chiefly  in  the  Bombay  presidency.  Their  language,  the 
Mahrattee,  is  one  of  the  seven  great  Aryan  languages  of 
modern  India. 

M3.hren,  a  country  of  Germany.     See  Moratia. 

M&hrisch-Neastadt,  mi'rish-noi'stitt,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  on  the  railway  between  Prague  and  Vienna,  14 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  4498. 

M£lhrisch-Ostrau,  mi'rish-os'trSw,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, on  the  borders  of  Austrian  and  Prussian  Silesia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.  of  Schonbrunn.     Pop.  4127. 

Mahrisch-Trubau,m4'rish-trii'b6w,  orMahrisch- 
Tribau  or  -Triebau,  mi'rish-tree'b5w,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  4814. 

Mah-to-wa,  a  post-office  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn. 

DIah'wah)  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ho- 
hokus  township,  on  the  Brie  Railroad,  30  miles  from  New 
York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  locks. 

Mahy,  a  river  of  India.     See  Mhye. 

Maia,  ml'3,,  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Okhotsk 
and  Yakootsk,  joins  the  Aldan,  after  a  N.  course  of  500 
miles. 

Maiatum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mayet. 

Maida,  mi'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  4497. 

Maid'en  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward  in 
Berks  co.,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill  7  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Maiden  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Maiden  Creek  township,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name, 
and  on  the  Berks  <fc  Lehigh  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Read- 
ing. It  has  2  churches  and  a  rolling-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1615. 

Alaid'enhead,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Berks, 
on  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  an  elegant  bridge,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  26  miles  W.  of  London.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated,  and  has  a  handsome  chapel,  an  endowed  school, 
an  almshouse,  and  other  charities.     Pop.  6173. 

Maiden  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Maiden  Rock  town- 
ship, Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pepin,  at 
the  mouth  of  Rush  River,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Red  Wing, 
Minn.,  and  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Menomonee.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.  Here  is  a  rocky 
bluff  about  400  feet  high.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1079. 

Maid'ens,  a  cluster  of  rocks  off  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland, 
in  the  Irish  Sea,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lame  Light-House.  The 
two  highest  rocks  have  each  a  light-house,  with  fixed  white 
lights.  Lat.  54°  55'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  44'  W.  Elevation,  84 
and  94  feet.    They  are  surrounded  by  dangerous  reefs. 

Maiden's  Choice,  a  station  in  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  the 
initial  station  in  Baltimore. 

Maidstone,  m&d'8t9n,  a  borough  of  England,  capital 
of  Kent,  on  the  Medway,  here  crossed  by  a  five-arched 
bridge,  and  at  a  railway  junction,  7i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roch- 
ester. It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  slope  in  the  central 
vale  of  Kent,  and  has  many  curious  old  houses,  one  of  the 
finest  ancient  parish  churches  in  England,  now  beautifully 
restored,  a  small  grammar-school  and  other  endowed  schools, 
numerous  almshouses  and  large  charities,  a  former  palace 
of  the  "archbishops  of  Canterbury,  well-preserved  remains 
of  a  conventual  structure,  a  town  hall  and  market-cross, 
county  jail  and  house  of  correction,  a  lunatic  asylum,  ex- 
tensive barracks,  neat  theatre,  library,  philosophical  society, 
mechanics'  institute,  and  several  banks.  In  the  immediate 
vicinity  are  numerous  paper-mills  and  valuable  quarries  of 
stone,  exported  by  the  Medway,  which  is  navigable  here 
for  vessels  of  60  tons.  Trade  is  thriving,  and  the  town  in- 
110 


creasing.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  The  borough 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commonf).  Maidstone 
was  an  important  city  of  the  early  Britons.  In  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  the  first  English  hops  were  raised  here. 
In  1648  the  town  was  twice  stormed  by  the  Parliamentary 
forces.     Pop.  in  1881,  29,623;  in  1891,  32,145. 

Maidstone,  mid'stpn,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  76 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Conneotioat 
River.  Pop.  254.  Here  is  Maidstone  Lake,  a  summer  re- 
sort, 7  miles  N.W.  of  Guildhall. 

Maidstone,  or  Maidstone  Cross,  a  post-village  in 
Essex  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.  It  contain! 
2  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Maidsville,  madz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fairmont.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery. 

Maikop,  mi'kop,  a  town  of  Russia,  district  of  Terek, 
Ciscaucasia.     Pop.  25,471. 

Maiknr,  mi^kfir',  or  Meh^ker',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Berar,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Akola.     Pop.  3583. 

Mail  and,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Milan. 

Mail  berg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Malbbro. 

Mailcotta,  mil-kot'ti,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  17 
miles  N.  of  Seringapatam.     It  has  several  pagodas. 

Maille,  mil,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Vienne, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte. 

Mailleraye,  or  La  Mailleraye,  li  miVy^h-ri'  (L. 
Meipiletum),  a  hamlet  of  Prance,  department  of  Seine-In- 
fSrieure,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Seine.     Pop.  800. 

Maillezais,  mih^y^h-zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendfie, 
7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  1420. 

Maillonx,  mil-loo',  a  village  in  Bellecnasse  co.,  Quebec, 
25  miles  from  St.  Valier.  It  contains  3  saw-mills  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Maimaichm,  Maimaitchin,  ml-mi-chin'  or  mi-mi- 
cheen',  or  Mai-Ma-Tchin,  mi-m4-cheen',  written  also 
Maimachen,  i.e.,  "place  of  trade,"  a  village  of  Mongo- 
lia, immediately  opposite  Kiakhta,  on  the  Russian  frontier, 
and  the  entrepot  of  the  Chinese  trade  with  Russia,  160  miles 
N.W.  of  Oorga. 

Maimnnd,  ml-mQnd',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  34  mile« 
S.AV.  of  Candahar,  in  lat.  31°  42'  N.,  Ion.  64°  51'  E. 

Main,  Mayn,  or  Maine,  min  (Ger.  pron.  min;  ano. 
Moenua,  Msenus,  Meenia,  or  Menus),  a  navigable  river  of  Ger- 
many, rises  by  two  streams,  the  Red  and  White  Main,  in 
the  Fichtel-Berg  Mountains,  North  Bavaria,  flows  very  tor- 
tuously W.,  and  joins  the  Rhine  opposite  Mentz.  Length, 
280  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  the  Regnitz  (240  miles)  to 
the  Rhine.  Chief  affluents,  on  the  left,  the  Regnitz  and 
Tauber,  and  on  the  right,  the  Saale. 

Main,  min,  a  river  of  Ireland,  eo.  of  Antrim,  enten 
Lough  Neagh  after  a  S.  course  of  30  miles. 

Main,  min,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Antuieer  after 
a  N.  course  of  180  miles. 

Maina,  ml'ni,  a  district  of  Greece,  consisting  of  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  Morea,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Koron  and 
Kolokythia,  composing  the  greater  part  of  the  government 
of  Laoonia.  The  inhabitants,  who  were  never  fnlly  con- 
quered by  the  Turks,  long  lived  in  a  rude  feudal  state, 
subsisting  mainly  by  brigandage  and  piracy.  They  are 
now  regarded  as  probably  the  purest  in  blood  of  all  the 
modern  Greeks,  whose  descent  in  most  other  districts  ii 

partly  from  Slavic,  Avar,  and  Albanian  ancestry. Inhab. 

Mainote. 

Maina  (ano.  Hippolaf),  a  village  of  Greece,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Koron,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Matapan. 

Main  h.  Dieu,  miN»^  i  dee^oh',  also  called  Men^a* 
doo',  a  hamlet  in  Cape  Breton  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
sea-coast,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  150. 

Mainbernheim,  mtn-bdRn'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  1381. 

Mainburg,  min'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1696. 

Maine,  min  or  mdn,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Sftvra- 
Nantaise  about  4  miles  above  Nantes.     Length,  30  miles. 

Maine,  a  river  of  France,  falls  into  the  Loire  on  the 
right,  after  a  navigable  course  of  7  miles. 

Maine,  min,  a  river  of  Ireland,  after  a  course  of  about 
18  miles,  falls  into  Castlemaine  Harbor,  whence  it  is  navi- 
gable to  the  village  of  Castlemaine. 

Maine,  or  JLe  Maine,  I^h  m£n  (L.  Cvnomaniaf),  an 
ancient  province  of  France,  bounded  N.  by  Normandy,  E. 
by  Orl6annais,  and  S.  by  Anjou  and  "Touraine.  With 
Perche  it  constituted  a  general  military  government.  Its 
capital  was  Le  Mans.  It  is  now  included  in  the  departmeati 
of  Sarthe  and  Mayenne. 


MAI 


1738 


MAI 


Maine )  min,  one  of  the  New  England  states,  and  the 
northeasternmost  state  of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Canadian  provinces  of  Quebec  and  New  Brunswick, 
E.  by  New  Brunswick,  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  W.  by 
New  Hampshire  and  the  province  of  Quebec.  Its  N.W. 
boundary  follows  for  some  distance  the  crest  of  a  range  of 
low  mountains,  a  parallel  outlier  of  the  Canadian  Notre 
Dame  range.  Leaving  this  crest,  the  line  follows  the  S.W. 
branch  of  the  river  St.  John  for  some  distance  northeast- 
ward, and  then  takes  a  direct  N.B.  course  to  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Pohenagamook.  Thence  eastward  the  rivers  St.  Fran- 
cis and  St.  John  bound  the  state  on  the  N.  The  eastern 
boundary  ascends  the  river  St.  Croix  to  its  source,  and 
thence  strikes  directly  N.  until  the  river  St.  John  is  reached. 
The  coast  of  Maine  (218  miles  long  in  a  right  line)  is  in- 
dented deeply  by  many  bays  and  inlets,  which  increase  its 
actual  coast-line  to  2500  miles  and  afford  unrivalled  har- 
bor-facilities for  shipping;  and  off  the  coast  there  are  nu- 
merous islands  belonging  to  the  state.  Area,  33,040  square 
miles,  of  which  the  land-surface  is  29,895  square  miles,  and 
the  water-surface  3145  square  miles.  The  state  is  about 
equal  in  area  to  all  the  other  New  England  states  combined. 

Faee  of  the  Country. — The  northern  portion  of  the  state 
consists  mainly  of  a  wilderness  of  forest-land  covered  with 
pines,  spruce,  hemlock,  fir,  and  deciduous  trees  of  various 
species,  the  abode  of  the  moose  or  true  elk,  the  black  bear, 
and  various  fur-bearing  and  game  animals,  and  the  resort 
of  the  trapper,  the  sportsman,  and  the  lumber-cutter.  The 
primeval  forest  is  said  to  cover  three-fourths  of  Maine. 
Here  the  permanent  inhabitants  are  few,  except  in  the 
N.E.,  where  the  fertile  soil  of  Aroostook  oo.  has  attracted 
settlers  and  developed  a  hardy  and  prosperous  class  of 
farmers  and  mechanics.  The  unsettled  portions  have  very 
generally  a  somewhat  rugged  surface  and  a  severe  winter 
climate.  All  parts  of  the  state  abound  in  beautiful  lakes, 
famed  for  their  excellent  trout.  The  N.  and  N.W.  have 
groups  of  detached  mountains,  which  belong  to  the  Appa- 
lachian system  and  are  in  part  more  or  less  directly  con- 
nected with  the  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire.  Mount 
Eatahdin,  the  highest  in  the  state,  reaches  an  elevation  of 
5385  feet.  Other  noteworthy  elevations  are  Mars  Hill,  on 
the  E.  line;  Sugar  Loaf,  on  the  river  Seboois;  Mounts  Sad- 
dleback, Bigelow,  Bald,  Kineo,  Spencer,  Abraham,  Culcusso, 
Mucalsoa,  White  Cap,  and  the  Aroostook  and  Travellers' 
Mountains.  The  southern  half  of  the  state  is  of  varied 
character,  seldom  much  broken  in  surface,  but  with  tracts 
of  great  fertility  and  others  of  small  agricultural  value, 
the  latter  found  especially  southeastward. 

The  greater  part  of  the  surface  strata  of  Maine  are  of 
eozoic  or  primitive  formation ;  but  Silurian  rocks  cover  a 
large  part  of  the  N.  and  N.E.,  with  smaller  areas  in  the 
S.E.  and  S.W.  and  in  the  Penobscot  and  Upper  Kennebec 
valleys.  Overlying  the  Silurian  there  are  in  the  N.  wide 
belts  of  Devonian  strata.  The  mineral  wealth  of  the  state 
is  not  largely  developed.  Thomaston,  Rockland,  and  Cam- 
den burn  and  export  large  quantities  of  lime  of  excellent 
quality,  and  some  of  the  limestone  approaches  the  character 
of  marble  and  is  a  good  building-stone.  Fine  granite  is 
extensively  quarried  at  Hallowell,  Bath,  Thomaston,  Dix 
Island,  and  many  other  points,  and  is  largely  exported.  An 
ornamental  red  granite  is  wrought  near  Calais.  Iron  ore 
of  the  best  quality  is  mined  and  smelted  near  Mount  Ka- 
tahdin,  and  is  known  to  exist  elsewhere.  Roofing-slates 
are  obtained  at  several  places.  Lead  was  formerly  mined 
at  Lubec,  and  zinc  and  copper  ores  are  not  unknown.  Rich 
veins  of  silver-bearing  galena  occur  at  several  points ;  but 
the  ores  are  reported  to  be  generally  refractory,  and  the  de- 
posits are  as  yet  but  little  wrought.  Maine  offers  many  at- 
tractive fields  to  the  scientific  mineralogist,  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  economic  value  of  her  mineral  deposits  will  be- 
come very  large. 

Bivera,  Lakes,  dec. — The  Penobscot  is  the  largest  river, 
and  is  navigable  for  ships,  except  in  winter,  for  60  miles, 
while  its  upper  waters  are  navigated  by  small  steamboats. 
The  extreme  limit  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  Kennebec 
is  at  Waterville,  68  miles  from  the  sea,  and  various  other 
lakes  and  rivers  also  afford  steam  navigation.  The  Andros- 
coggin, Saco,  St.  Croix,  Aroostook,  and  Walloostook  or  St. 
John  are  important  streams.  The  water-power  of  the  prin- 
cipal streams  is  constant,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 
manufacturers,  although  as  yet  only  a  very  small  part  of 
the  water-power  of  the  state  is  utilized.  Of  the  many  lakes, 
the  principal  are  Moosehead,  Chesuncook,  Schoodic,  Grand, 
Sebago,  Ac.  The  fresh  waters  of  Maine  cover  one-tenth  of 
her  area,  and  afford  supplies  of  the  true  and  the  landlocked 
salmon  and  of  large  and  excellent  trout. 

Object*  of  Interest  to    Tourists, — The  waterfalls,   moun- 


tains, wild  forests,  and  myriad  lakes  of  Maine,  with  the 
cool  summer  climate  of  the  north,  afford  attractions  to  the 
tourist  which  are  more  and  more  widely  appreciated  every 
year ;  and  the  charms  of  its  bold  and  rocky  sea-coast,  with 
its  thousand  bays,  its  bold  promontories,  and  its  picturesque 
islands,  are  well  known  to  artists.  The  fishing-  and  hunt- 
ing-grounds about  Moosehead  Lake,  the  grand  solitude  of 
Mount  Katahdin,  and  the  varied  combinations  of  beauty 
and  sublimity  on  the  coast  at  Mount  Desert  Island,  are 
especially  noteworthy. 

Climate,  Soil,  and  Agriculture. — ^The  great  drawback  to 
agriculture  in  Maine  is  the  shortness  of  its  summers ;  but 
the  deep  snows  prevent  the  ground  from  freezing  deeply, 
and  in  the  spring  vegetation  advances  with  exceedingly 
rapid  steps.  The  hay  and  potato  crops  are  of  especial  ex- 
cellence in  point  of  quality  and  quantity,  and  both  afford  a 
large  surplus  for  export.  Maize  does  well  southward,  and  in 
the  N.E.  winter  wheat  is  a  favorite  crop.  The  oats  are  much 
superior  to  those  of  southern  New  England.  The  people  of 
French  descent  in  the  N.E.  subsist  largely  upon  coarse  but 
productive  varieties  of  buckwheat.  The  apple-tree  is  hardy 
and  productive  in  Maine.  The  state  breeds  many  horsen 
and  cattle  for  the  Massachusetts  markets,  and  her  dairy- 
products  are  of  great  value.  The  wool-clip  is  large  and  of 
good  quality.  The  aggregate  value  of  the  blueberries  and 
huckleberries  gathered  from  the  waste  lands  and  exported, 
both  in  the  fresh  and  canned  state,  is  very  large.  The  pro- 
duction of  sugar  from  beets  has  been  undertaken  in  this 
state  with  profit. 

Forest  Products. — Maine  has  afforded  very  large  quan- 
tities of  the  noble  white  or  Weymouth  pine,  so  highly  prized 
by  house-  and  ship-builders,  but  at  present  the  production 
of  this  timber  is  comparatively  small,  and  Maine  has  of 
late  fallen  from  her  rank  as  the  first  timber-producing  state 
to  a  lower  place  upon  the  list.  Still  this  fall  is  relative 
rather  than  absolute,  for  she  yet  cuts,  saws,  and  sells  im- 
mense amounts  of  planks,  deals,  boards,  scantlings,  palings, 
laths,  clap-boards,  shingles,  shocks,  heading,  ship-timber, 
furniture-  and  chair-stook,  wooden-ware,  carriage-stuff,  and 
the  like.  Spruce,  hemlock,  cedar,  beech,  birch,  hard  maple, 
and  black  and  white  ash  are  the  most  abundant  of  the  use- 
ful timber-trees.  The  forest  products  include  potash,  char- 
coal, firewood,  tanners'  bark  (principally  hemlock),  and 
maple  sugar,  the  three  latter  having  a  large  aggregate  value. 
Oak  timber  is  found  near  the  coast,  but  is  not  especially 
abundant  in  the  interior.  The  rivers  afford  excellent  facil- 
ities for  the  flotation,  rafting,  sawing,  and  shipping  of  logs 
and  lumber. 

Fisheries  and  other  Maritime  Pursuits  have  naturally 
been  prosecuted  to  a  great  extent  here,  on  account  of  the 
excellent  harbor-facilities  presented  by  the  deeply  convo- 
luted coast-line  and  the  numerous  navigable  rivers  and 
estuaries.  Indeed,  Maine  is  outranked  as  a  fishing  state 
by  Massachusetts  alone.  The  principal  food-fishes  taken 
are  cod,  mackerel,  hake,  herring,  haddock,  halibut,  Ac; 
and  a  great  number  of  unmerchantable  or  oil-producing 
fishes  (chiefly  the  menhaden)  are  taken,  and  utilized  in  the 
manufacture  of  oil  and  fish  guano.  Salmon  are  caught 
quite  largely  in  the  Penobscot,  but  by  no  means  on  as  large 
a  scale  as  in  the  rivers  of  the  Pacific  states.  The  lobster- 
catch  of  Maine  is  very  important,  and  canned  lobster  is 
extensively  prepared  for  the  general  market.  Ship-building 
is  not  as  flourishing  as  it  was  before  1861 ;  but  it  is  still  a 
leading  pursuit  in  the  coast  towns,  whose  population  is 
largely  engaged  in  maritime  pursuits,  and  especially  in  the 
coasting  trade.  Maine  owns  many  schooners,  employed  in 
her  own  proper  commerce,  as  well  as  in  that  of  the  other 
Atlantic  states,  and  sends  out  many  vessels  to  engage  in 
trade  between  the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies. 

Manufactures. — The  important  manufactures  of  lumber, 
lime,  building-stone,  shipping,  Ac,  have  already  been  al- 
luded to.  The  great  seats  of  the  lumber-trade  are  Bangor 
and  Calais;  those  of  ship-building  are  Bath,  Calais,  and 
other  maritime  towns.  The  cotton-manufacture  has  its 
chief  seats  at  Lewiston,  Saco,  Biddeford,  Augusta,  Ac, 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  industrial  interests  of  the  state. 
Portland,  Waterville,  Belfast,  Rockland,  Ellsworth,  Hal- 
lowell, and  Gardiner  have  varied  manufactures.  Woollens 
are  manufactured  at  many  points,  chiefly  for  domestic  use. 
The  leather-manufacture  has  already  assumed  large  pro- 
portions. Other  considerable  industries  are  the  manufac- 
ture of  scythes,  axes,  farming-implements,  boots  and  shoes, 
bagging,  cordage,  spars,  ship's  furniture,  glass,  pottery, 
bricks,  machinery,  fish  oil,  fish  guano,  pickles,  charcoal, 
starch,  soap,  and  countless  articles  of  wood,  such  as  pegs, 
spools,  slats,  household  wares,  shuttles,  lasts,  furniture, 
barrels,  shooks,   kegs,  small  joinery,  and   turners'  work. 


MAI 


1739 


MAI 


The  canning  of  lobsters,  fish,  green  corn,  fruits,  and  vege- 
tables for  food  is  an  extensive  business.  Almost  every 
community  has  its  manufacturing  pursuits,  and,  although 
they  are  in  many  cases  conducted  upon  a  small  scale,  the 
total  result  is  very  great. 

Commerce. — The  exports  of  Maine  include  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  manufactured  goods  of  the  state,  notably 
lime,  building-stone,  fire-wood,  lumber,  spars,  and  leather, 
as  well  as  cattle,  hay,  potatoes,  wool,  and  daii^y-products. 
Ice  is  also  gathered  on  a  very  large  scale,  and  its  collection, 
storage,  and  export  afford  profitable  employment. 

Railroads. — Maine  is  traversed  by  railroads  which  form 
important  links  in  the  great  chain  of  communication  ex- 
tending from  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  southwestward  to  Cen- 
tral Texas  and  westward  to  the  Pacific  coast,  Portland  is 
the  great  railroad  centre  of  the  state.  It  has  lines  running 
to  Boston  and  other  points  in  New  England ;  to  the  east 
communication  is  maintained  with  Bangor  and  other  cities 
in  the  state,  as  well  as  with  Halifax,  St.  John,  and  points 
in  Eastern  Canada,  and  there  is  also  direct  connection  with 
Montreal  and  the  West.  The  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad 
crosses  the  state,  and  the  more  populous  parts  of  Maine 
are  well  supplied  with  railroad  facilities.  In  1841  there 
were  only  11  miles  of  railroad;  in  1846,  62  miles j  in  1860, 
245  miles;  in  1855,  415  miles;  in  1860,  472  miles;  in  1865, 
621  miles;  in  1870,  786  miles;  in  1875,  980  miles;  in  1884, 
1142  miles;  in  1890,  1377  miles,  built  at  an  average  cost 
per  mile  of  $43,074. 

Counties,  &c. — Maine  has  16  counties,  as  follows :  Andros- 
coggin, Aroostook,  Cumberland,  Franklin,  Hancock,  Ken- 
nebec, Knox,  Lincoln,  Oxford,  Penobscot,  Piscataquis,  Saga- 
dahoc, Somerset,  Waldo,  Washington,  and  York.  The  chief 
cities  and  towns  are  Portland,  the  principal  seaport,  on 
Cusco  Bay  (pop.  in  1890,  36,425) ;  Bangor,  on  the  Penobscot, 
a  centre  of  the  lumber-business,  and  the  seat  of  important 
trade  and  manufactures  (19,103) ;  Augusta,  the  capital,  on 
the  Kennebec  (10,527);  Auburn,  a  manufacturing  city  on 
the  Androscoggin  (11,250) ;  Bath,  a  seaport  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Kennebec  (8723) ;  Belfast,  a  thriving  city  on  Penob- 
scot Bay  (5294);  Rockland,  near  the  entrance  of  the  same 
bay  (8174) ;  Thomaston,  the  seat  of  the  state  prison,  and  a 
centre  of  the  lime  manufacture  and  export  (3009) ;  Biddeford 
(14,443)  and  Saco  (6075),  important  manufacturing  towns 
on  the  Saco  River;  Brunswick,  the  seat  of  Bowdoin  College 
and  of  a  medical  school  (6012);  Calais,  a  busy  point  for 
shipping  and  trade  (7290) ;  Dexter,  a  thriving  interior  town 
(2732) ;  Eastport,  the  most  easterly  town  in  the  United  States 
(4908) ;  Ellsworth,  the  seat  of  important  shipping  interests 
(4808) ;  Farmington,a  wealthy  interior  town  on  Sandy  River 
(3207);  Gardiner  (5491)  and  Hallowell  (3181),  both  finely 
situated  on  the  Kennebec;  Lewiston,  on  the  Androscoggin, 
a  principal  seat  of  the  cotton  manufacture  (21,701) ;  Water- 
ville(7107)  and  Skowhegan  (5068),  both  situated  upon  the 
upper  waters  of  the  Kennebec.  Other  important  places  are 
Houlton,  Fairfield,  Richmond,  Machias,  South  Berwick, 
Bucksport,  Camden,  Waldoborough,  Damariscotta,  Liver- 
more,  Hampden,  Qorham,  Brewer,  Cape  Elizabeth,  Kittery, 
and  Kennebunk. 

Finances. — In  the  year  1893  the  state  bonded  debt, 
which  in  1889  amounted  to  $3,935,400,  principally  in- 
curred during  the  war  of  1861-65  for  military  purposes, 
bounties,  and  the  like,  was  reduced  to  $2,506,300 ;  besides 
this  the  state's  liability  for  trust  funds  was  reduced  from 
$1,429,425.09  to  $739,319.26. 

Education. — Maine  has  an  excellent  system  of  free  public 
schools,  which  are  supported  by  the  income  of  a  permanent 
school-fund,  by  state  appropriations,  and  by  general,  special, 
and  local  taxation,  assisted  in  many  instances  by  voluntary 
contributions  of  citizens  given  for  the  purpose  of  prolonging 
the'school-term  as  fixed  by  the  authorities.  There  are  state 
-normal  schools  at  Castine,  Farmington,  Gorham,  and  Spring- 
field, besides  a  practice-school  at  Portland  and  private  train- 
ing-schools. In  1890  free  public  high  schools  were  main- 
tained in  204  towns,  and  the  cities  and  larger  villages  have 
graded  schools.  Bowdoin  College,  at  Brunswick,  is  the 
oldest  and  best-endowed  college  in  the  state.  Lewiston  is 
the  seat  of  Bates  College,  and  Waterville  of  Colby  Uni- 
versity, both  open  to  youth  of  either  sex.  At  Orono  is  the 
state  agricultural  college,  at  Cape  Elizabeth  a  reform  school 
for  boys,  and  at  Hallowell  a  girls'  industrial  school.  Theo- 
logical schools  exist  at  Bangor  and  Lewiston,  and  a  medical 
school  at  Brunswick,  with  a  subsidiary  or  afiRIiated  sohool 
at  Portland.  There  are  many  academies  and  denomina- 
tional schools,  some  of  them  of  high  reputation. 

History. — The  Dutch  early  attempted  settlements  in 
Maine,  whose  excellent  facilities  for  fishing  and  the  fur- 
trade  attracted  them  strongly.    The  English  settled  at  the 


mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River  in  1607,  but  did  not  long  re- 
main. Bristol,  or  Pemaquid,  was  settled  in  1630.  West- 
ern Maine  was  a  part  of  the  Laoonia  colony,  and  in  1635 
was  named  the  "  Province  of  Maine"  by  authority.  Gorges 
here  attempted  the  building  of  a  city  to  be  called  Gorgiana, 
and  was  lord  proprietary  of  Maine.  York  wan  settled  before 
1625,  and  was  incorporated  as  a  city  (Gorgiana)  in  1653, 
and  Kittery  was  settled  not  far  from  the  same  time.  Sir 
William  Phips  and  Sir  William  Pepperell,  both  prominent 
in  early  New  England  history,  were  both  natives  of  Maine. 
Eastern  Maine  was  a  portion  of  French  Acadia.  In  1635 
the  French  expelled  the  English  colonists  from  the  Penob- 
scot region,  and  in  1665  they  founded  Castine.  They  had 
also  a  town  or  fort  where  Bangor  stands,  and  in  this  vicin- 
ity the  fabled  city  of  Noromberga  was  placed  by  old  authors. 
After  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  died  (1647)  Maine  became 
(1651)  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  though  detached  from  her 
proper  territory;  and  so  it  remained  until  1820.  Maine 
was  the  abode  of  the  dreaded  Abnaki  tribes  of  Indians, 
who,  stimulated  by  the  French,  waged  destructive  wars 
with  the  English  settlers  until  1712,  when  the  actual  Eng- 
lish frontier  was  removed  eastward  from  the  Kennebec,  and 
the  English  authority  thenceforward  covered  even  Acadia 
itself.  In  the  Revolutionary  war  Machias,  Portland,  Caa 
tine,  and  the  Kennebec  Valley  were  the  scenes  of  important 
events.  In  1820  the  "district  of  Maine,"  hitherto  a  part 
of  Massachusetts,  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state,  in- 
cluding a  region  in  the  N.W.  of  the  present  state  which  ii 
believed  never  to  have  belonged  to  Massachusetts ;  but  the 
northern  boundary  was  left  somewhat  indefinite  by  the 
terms  of  the  treaty  of  1783,  and  was  not  clearly  estab- 
lished until  1842,  when,  after  much  disputation,  it  was  set- 
tled by  the  Webster-Ashburton  treaty,  made  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain.  The  establishment  of 
Maine  as  a  state  was  followed  by  a  rapid  increase  in  her 
industrial  development ;  but  at  a  later  period  the  exhaus- 
tion of  her  pine  forests  and  a  large  emigration  to  Massa- 
chusetts and  to  the  Western  states  checked  her  growth.  In 
the  war  of  1861-65  Maine  bore  a  gallant  part;  but  that 
struggle  involved  the  destruction  of  much  of  her  shipping, 
and  the  subsequent  paralysis  of  the  ship-building  industry. 
Nevertheless,  her  manufacturing  interests  have  of  late  been 
much  extended  and  her  railroads  doubled  in  mileage. 

The  Population  of  Maine  is  chiefly  of  New  England 
stock,  most  of  its  original  settlers  having  gone  there  from 
Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire  after  the  war  of  inde- 
pendence (1775-83) ;  but  of  late  there  has  been  a  large  im- 
migration from  the  British  provinces,  mainly  of  French- 
speaking  people,  while  the  populous  settlements  of  Acadian 
French  in  the  extreme  N.E.  date  from  1755.  Pop.  in  1790, 
96,540 ;  in  1800, 151,719;  in  1810,  228,705;  in  1820,  298,335; 
in  1830,  399,455;  in  1840,501,793;  in  1850,  58.3,169;  in 
1860,  628,279;  in  1870,  626,915;  in  1880,  648,936;  in  1890, 
661,086. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.    Pop.  1808. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  925. 

Maine,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  P.  159. 

Maine,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Maine 
township,  on  Nanticoke  Creek,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bingham- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  303.  The  township  is  diver 
sified  by  high  ridges  and  narrow  valleys.     Pop.  2071. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Columbia  no..  Pa.     Pop.  699. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Marathon  oo.,  Wis.    Pop.  766. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.     Pop.  203. 

Maine  Avenue,  a  post-hamlet  "f  Cumberland  oo., 
N.J.,  in  Landis  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Vinelard. 

Maine-et-Loire,m8n-4-lwaR'  or  m4n-4-lwaR',  a  de- 
partment in  the  N.W.  part  of  France,  formed  of  the  old 
province  of  Anjou,  between  lat.  46°  69'  and  47°  46'  N. 
Area,  2755  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  618,689.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Loire,  Sarthe,  Mayenne,  and  Loir.  Surface  diver- 
sified by  hills  and  plains.  The  valley  of  the  Loire  produces 
lint,  hemp,  and  fruits.  The  minerals  comprise  slate,  granite, 
marble,  and  flint.  Grain,  wine,  fruits,  and  cattle  are  ex- 
tensively exported.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Angers,  Baug6,  Beaupr^au,  S»umar,  and 
Segr6.     Capital,  Angers. 

Maineland,  or  Mainland,  post-oflSce,  Cass  oo.,  Neb. 

Maine  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-village  of  Solano  oo., 
Cal.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Suisun  City.  Pop.  160;  of 
the  township,  761. 

Maine  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Steams  oo.,  Minn, 
in  Maine  Prairie  township,  about  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  SU 
Cloud.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-faotory.  Pop.  <w 
the  township,  776. 

Mainland.    See  Pomona  and  Shbtland  Islahm. 


MAI 


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MAK 


Main'Iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oc,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Salford  township,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Hatfield  Station. 
It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Main  Line  Janction,  Illinois.    See  Junction. 

Main  Line  Junction,  a  station  in  Athens  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Belpre  division  with  the  main  line,  4  miles  E.  of  Athens. 

Mainsburg,  or  Mainesburg,  manz'barg,  a  post- 
village  of  Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Williams- 
port.  It  has  a  church,  a  quarry  of  good  building-stone, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Mainstockheim,  mln'stok^hime,  a  village  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main.     Pop.  1348. 

Maintenon,  m&N»H§h-niN»'  (L.  Mesteno),  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chartres,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Eure  and  Voise,  and  on  the  railway 
to  Versailles.  Pop.  1930.  It  has  ruins  of  the  gigantic 
aqueduct  commenced  by  Louis  XIV.  to  convey  water  from 
the  Eure  to  Versailles,  and  the  magnificent  ohHteau  in 
which  he  espoused  Franjoise  d'Aubign6. 

Mainvault,  m&N»Vo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2015. 

Mainville,  man'vil,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
the  Des  Plaines  River,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Mainville,  or  Maineville,  a  post-village  of  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  in  Hamilton  township,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Little  Miami  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Pop.  290. 

Mainville,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa.,  on  Cat- 
awissa  Creek,  and  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  &  Wilkesbarre 
Railroad,  which  here  passes  over  a  high  bridge,  15  miles  E. 
of  Danville,  also  on  the  Catawissa  &,  Williamsport  Railroad. 
It  has  2  stores  and  1  grist-mill. 

Mainz,  a  city  of  Germany.    See  Mbntz. 

Maiorca,  mI-0R'k&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Douro,  20  miles  from  Coimbra.     Pop.  2653. 

Maiqaetia,  ml-k4-tee'&,  a  town  and  watering-place 
of  Venezuela,  on  the  coast,  a  short  distance  W.  of  La 
Guayra.     Pop.  4208. 

Maira,  ml'r&,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Po  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Carmagnola.     Length,  60  miles. 

Mairena  del  Alcor,  mi-r^'n&  ddl  &l-koR',  a  town  of 
Spain,  Andalusia,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4406. 

Mairwarra,  or  Mairwara,  mar-war'ra,  a  district 
of  India,  province  of  Ajmeer,  of  which  it  forms  the  S.W. 
extension.  Area,  641  square  miles.  Though  under  British 
control,  it  in  part  belongs  to  the  states  of  Odeypoor  and 
Joudpoor.     Capital,  Nye  Nuggur.     Pop.  86,417. 

Mais,  the  ancient  name  of  Mhye. 

Maisdon,  mi^d6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
f^rieure,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  286. 

Maison8-Alfort,mi^z6N»'-z4rfoR',  a  village  of  France, 

4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Paris.  The  hamlet  of  Alfort  has  a 
national  school  of  rural  economy.     Pop.  7115. 

Maisons-sur-Seine,  m&^z6N>'-sUR-s&n,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  10  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  on  the 
railway  from  Paris  to  Havre.     Pop.  2824. 

Maisox-thal,  the  German  for  Misoccx). 

Maissana,  mls-s&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  from 
Varese,  on  the  Borza.     Pop.  of  commune,  2982. 

Maissy,  mis'see,  also  called  Myhsee  and  Mihsi, 
mi^see',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal,  52  miles  N.  of  Patna. 
It  is  noted  for  its  tobacco.     Pop.  3590. 

Maitea,  ml-td'H,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  Tahiti,  on  which  it  is  dependent.  Lat. 
17°  53'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  5'  W.     Circuit,  8  miles. 

Maitland,  mat'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 

5  miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 
Mait'land,  a  town  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  co. 

of  Northumberland,  on  the  Hunter  River,  at  its  junction 
with  Walles  Creek,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Newcastle.  The  creek  divides  it  into  East  and  West 
Maitland.  East  Maitland  has  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 
West  Maitland,  which  is  the  most  thriving,  contains  nu- 
merous large  stores  and  some  good  hotels.  With  Newcas- 
tle, these  towns,  called  collectively  the  "  Northumberland 
boroughs,"  return  one  member  to  the  legislative  assembly. 
Good  coal  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity.  Maitland  is  a 
Catholic  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1891)  9907. 

Mait'land,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Shubenaoadie  River  in  Chignecto  Bay, 
20  miles  N.  of  Shubenacadie.  It  contains  2  churches,  13 
stores,  2  hotels,  and  several  ship-yards.  Terra  alba  is  found 
in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  600. 

Maitland,  a  post-riUage  in  Yarmouth  oo.,  Nora  Sootia, 


13  miles  from  Yarmouth  town.     It  contains  several  storM 
and  ship-yards.     Pop.  270. 

Maitland,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  2  hotels,  4 
stores,  a  foundry,  a  distillery,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  200. 

Maitland  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ontario,  Canada, 
intersects  Huron  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Huron  at  Goderich. 

Mait'landville,  a  village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Maitland,  1  mile  from  Goderich.  It  contains  a 
tannery,  salt-wells,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Maizi^res,  m4^ze-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mearthe- 
et-Moselle,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1248. 

Msyaki,  mi-yi'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kherson,  on  the  Dniester,  20  miles  W.  of  Odessa.     P.  1785. 

Majainbo,  m&-j&m'bo,  a  town  of  Madagascar,  on  its 
N.W.  coast,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Majambo,  70  miles 
N.E.  of  Bembatooka. 

M£udan,  mlMin',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Kras- 
sova,  4  miles  from  Oravicza.     Pop.  1272. 

M^en'ica,  or  Kel'so,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntington 
CO.,  Ind.,  8  miles  S.  of  Huntington.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  75. 

M^in'da,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Hyderabad,  with  2000  inhabitants,  and  an  exten- 
sive bazaar.     Lat.  28°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  19'  E. 

M^itha,  a  town  of  India,  Amritsir  district.     P.  6600. 

Majorca,  m^-jor'ka  (Sp.  Mallorca,  m&l-yoR'k&;  Fr. 
Majorque,  mi^zhoRk' ;  L.  Balea'rig  Ma'jor,  and  Majorca), 
an  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Spain,  and 
forming  the  largest  of  the  Balearic  group,  about  115  miles 
S.  of  Barcelona,  between  lat.  39°  16'  and  39°  67'  N.  and  Ion. 
2°  18'  and  3°  27'  E.  Greatest  length,  58  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  45  miles ;  area,  1420  square  miles.  It  is  very  ir- 
regular, and  deeply  indented.  The  coasts  on  the  W.  and 
N.,  facing  Spain,  are  very  lofty  and  steep;  in  other  direc- 
tions they  are  low  and  shelving.  A  great  number  of  good 
natural  harbors  are  scattered  along  the  coasts.  The  inte- 
rior is  finely  diversified  with  mountains,  hills,  valleys,  and 
plains.  The  culminating  point  of  the  island,  Puig  de  To 
rella,  has  a  height  of  about  4S00  feet.  The  climate  is  tem- 
perate, the  mountains  in  the  N.  affording  protection  against 
the  winter  cold,  and  refreshing  breezes  from  the  sea  miti- 
gating the  summer  heat;  violent  winds,  however,  are  not 
unfrequent,  and  the  air  is  often  overcharged  with  moisture, 
which  hangs  in  clouds  or  descends  in  mists.  Majorca  is 
generally  well  watered  and  fertile,  producing  in  consider- 
able abundance  wheat,  barley,  oats,  legumes,  oil,  and  wine; 
fruits  abound  everywhere.  It  is  traversed  by  railways. 
Capital,  Palma.  Pop.  204,000.  Majorca  and  Minorca  were 
anciently  named  Gymneaix,  while  the  appellation  of  Major, 
or  "  the  larger,"  was  given  the  former,  and  that  of  Minor, 

or  "the  smaller,"  to  the  latter  island. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Major'can  or  Mallorquine,  malMor-keen'  (Sp.  Mallor- 
QUix,  mil-yoR-keen'). 

Majori,  mi-yo'ree,  a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  6  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  4896. 

Majority  Point  (formerly  Prairie  City),  Cumber- 
land CO.,  111.     See  Toledo. 

Ma'jors,  a  poet-office  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb. 

Ma'jorsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va., 
13  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Moundsville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Majorville,  Ontario.     See  Whitevale. 

M^usa,  mi'shSh,  a  village  of  Hungary,  Little  Cumania, 
18  miles  from  Felegyhaza.     Pop.  7333. 

Majumba,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Matouba. 

Majunga,  mi-jun'gi,  a  town  of  Madagascar,  on  its 
N.W.  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  Bembatooka  Bay.  An  ex- 
tensive traffic  is  carried  on  here  in  cattle-products. 

Makad,  moh^kod',  a  village  of  Hungary,  27  miles  from 
Pesth,  on  an  island  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  1349. 

Makadishu,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Magadoxo. 

Makallah,  Macallah,  m&-k3.ri&,  or  Macullah, 
mi-kul'l^,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.  coast,  and  on  a  small 
bay,  300  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aden.  Lat.  14°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  49° 
6'  E.  Pop.  about  4500,  comprising  numerous  foreigners. 
It  is  partly  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  an  imposing  ap- 
pearance from  the  sea,  its  houses  being  in  a  castellated 
stj'le  and  several  stories  in  height.  The  harbor,  sheltered 
by  a  point  to  the  S.E.,  affords  a  good  anchorage,  and  is 
frequented  by  coasting-vessels  for  supplies  of  provisions ; 
it  also  exports  gums,  hides,  and  senna,  and  has  an  import 
trade  in  coffee  and  other  native  produce,  cotton  cloths,  lead, 
iron,  sheep,  aloes,  honey,  and  slaves. 

Ma'kanda,  a  post- village  in  Makanda  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  49  miles  N. 


MAK 


1741 


MAL 


of  Cairo,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  3  churches. 
A  large  quantity  of  fruit  is  shipped  here.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1680. 

Makang)  a  town  of  China.    See  Makung. 

Makariev,  or  Makariew,  m&-k&-re-dr',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  46  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Nov- 
gorod,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  1656. 

MakarieV)  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110 
miles  E.  of  Kostroma.     Pop.  5202. 

Ma^kee')  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1004,  exlusive  of  Waukon. 

MakelyTille^  mak'l^-vil,  or  Makely's,  a  post-hamlet 
f  Hyde  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Pungo  River,  4  miles  from  Slades- 
'ille.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  steam- 
<^at-landing. 

Makhadoo,  m&-kS.-doo',  a  town  of  the  Comoro  Islands, 
Uland  of  Johanna,  has  high  walls,  and  its  roadstead  is 
much  frequented  by  ships.  Chief  exports,  sugar,  arrow- 
root, and  fruits  and  grains.     Pop.  3000. 

Makhandan,  mi-k&n'dlln,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Bogli- 
poor  district.     Pop.  3320. 

Makian,  m3,-ke-S.n',  a  small  volcanic  island  in  the  Ma- 
lay Archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo.  Lat.  0°  20' 
N. ;  Ion.  127°  30'  E.     Circuit,  about  18  miles. 

Makil,  Turkey.     See  Maqhil. 

Makiu,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific.     See  Pitt. 

Makiniyat,  mi-ke-ne-yit',  or  Makinyat,  mi-keen- 
yit',  a  straggling  village  of  Central  Arabia,  120  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Muscat. 

Makkum,  mik'kum,  a  market-town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  Friesland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles 
S.  of  Harlingen.     Pop.  2080. 

Maknovka,  or  Maknowka,  mik-nov'ki,  written 
also  Machnovka,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  94 
miles  S.W.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  4000. 

MakOy  mfih^ko',  or  Makovia,  mi-ko've-i,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Csanad,  on  the  Maros,  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Szegedin.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  a 
Roman  Catholic,  a  Greek  United,  and  a  Protestant  church,  a 
Protestant  gymnasium,  a  court-house  and  county  buildings, 
and  handsome  barracks.  It  has  an  important  trade  in 
corn,  wine,  cattle,  and  wood.  The  fishing  in  the  Maros  is 
very  productive.  There  are  also  numerous  mills.  Pop. 
27,449,  of  whom  rather  more  than  one-half  are  Protestants. 

Mako^kebatan',  a  lake  on  the  Albany  River,  North- 
West  Territories,  N.  of  Lake  Superior.  It  is  nearly  straight, 
and  measures  16  miles  in  length. 

Makoo,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Magog. 

Makooas,  mi^koo'&z,  a  people  of  Southeast  Africa,  near 
the  Mozambique  coast. 

Makoqneta,  a  river  of  Iowa.     See  Maqdoketa. 

Makov,  mi-Kov',  or  Machow,  mis'ov,  a  town  of 
Poland,  in  Lomza,  63  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plock.     Pop.  6527. 

Makovia^  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Mako. 

Makowar,  mi-ko-waR',  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  off 
the  coast  of  Nubia,  near  a  small  port  of  the  same  name. 
Lat.  20°  38'  N.;  Ion.  37°  20'  E. 

Makowar,  or  Emerald  Island,  an  island  of  the 
Red  Sea,  off  the  coast  of  Egypt,  opposite  the  ruins  of  Bere- 
nice.    Lat.  23°  60'  N. ;  Ion,  35°  45'  E. 

Makowiec,  mi-ko've-fits,  a  village  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Warsaw.  Here  Kosciusko 
was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  by  the  Russians  in  1794. 

Makrai,  m3,k-ri',  a  native  state  of  India,  Central 
Provinces.     Area,  215  square  miles.     Pop.  13,648. 

Makree,  or  Makri,  mi'kree^,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  Gulf  of  Makree,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rhodes, 
which  city  it  supplies  with  mules,  cattle,  sheep,  and  fuel. 
It  has  a  good  and  well-sheltered  port.  Its  antiquities  com- 
prise a  very  perfect  theatre,  and  tombs,  remains  of  the  an- 
cient Telmeaaua. 

Makree,  or  Makri,  a  town  of  Turkey,  Roumelia,  on 
the  iEgean,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Adrianople.  It  is  a  Greek 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  harbor  and  a  castle.     Pop.  3000. 

Makronisi,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Macronisi. 

Maktan,  a  small  island.     See  Mactan. 

Makulla,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Makallah. 

Maknng,  or  Makang,  m8,-kQng',  a  fortified  town  of 
China,  on  the  largest  of  the  Pheng-Hoo  Islands.  It  is  built 
of  coral  rock,  has  a  good  harbor,  though  not  easily  accessi- 
ble, and  carries  on  a  large  fishery,  and  a  trade  in  pork,  fish, 
and  peanut  oil,  which  are  actively  exported.     Pop.  12,000. 

ATala,  mi'li,  a  village  of  Spain,  with  mineral  baths,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Granada. 

Mala,  mi'li,  a  river  of  Peru,  enters  the  Pacific  at  Mala. 

Mala,  a  decayed  village  of  Peru,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Lima, 
ftbout  4  miles  from  the  P«cific.     Pop.  800. 


Malabar,  m&r%-bar',  a  district  of  India,  Madras  pres- 
idency, on  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  10°  15'-12°  18'  N.;  Ion.  75° 
15'-76°  55'  E.  Area,  6000  square  miles.  Its  coast-line  ia 
over  125  miles  in  extent.  The  coast-region  is  low,  and  bor- 
dered to  seaward  by  lagoons ;  but  inland  the  country  ia 
mountainous.  Gold  and  iron  abound.  The  climate  is  hot, 
wet,  and  sickly.  Chief  products,  pepper,  cardamoms,  teak, 
coir,  castor  and  cocoa  oils,  rice,  ginger,  coffee,  and  cotton. 
Many  of  the  natives  have  been  Christians  from  remote  an- 
tiquity. Pop  2,261,250.  The  name  Malabar  Coast  is  ap- 
plied to  the  W.  coast  of  India  in  general. 

Malaca,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  Malaga. 

Malacca,  m&-lak'ka,  or  Malaya,  mi-U'ya,  formerly 
an  independent  country  of  Southern  Asia,  consisting  chiefly 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  It  is  now  divided  between  the 
territories  of  Siam,  some  native  chiefs,  and  the  British  col- 
onies, called  Straits  Settlements.     See  Malay  Peninsula. 

Malacca,  mi-lak'ka,  and  Naning,  nfl,'ning',j?ne  of. 


the  "  Straits  Settlements"  belonging  to  the  British,  on  the 
W.  coasto?  the  Malay  Peninsula,  between  lat.  2°  and  3° 
N.  and  Ion.  102°  and  103°  E.,  having  landward  the  terri- 
tories  of  Salangore,  Rumbowe,  Johole,  and  Johore.  Area 
660  square  miles.  Pop.  77,756,  of  whom  58,000  are  Malays 
and  13,500  are  Chinese.  Capital,  Malacca.  Exports,  gutta- 
percha, gambler,  pepper,  rubber,  horns,  skins,  canes,  spices, 
sugar,  rice,  sago,  coffee,  tin,  gums,  tobacco,  cinnamon,  ebony, 
ivory,  Ac.     This  settlement  is  under  a  lieutenant-governor. 

Malacca,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  Malacca  River,  near  its  mouth,  130 
miles  N.W.  of  Singapore.  Lat.  2°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  102°  6'  E. 
Principal  edifices,  the  barracks,  court-house,  town  house, 
jail,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  and  the  Anglo-Chinese 
College,  founded  in  1818.  Here  are  also  Chinese,  Hindoo, 
and  Malay  schools.  The  ruins  of  a  famous  church,  erected 
by  Albuquerque,  and  the  remains  of  Portuguese  and  Dutch 
forts,  occupy  several  summits  around  the  town.  Malacca 
has  some  export  trade  in  f^ld-dust,  tin,  balachong,  aloe- 
wood,  ebony,  ij^y,  and  Chinese  liard wares ;  and  it  imports 
earthenwares,  opium,  iron,  rice,  British  and  Indian  manu- 
factured goods,  salt,  and  colonial  produce.  The  commerce 
of  the  Straits  has,  however,  become  chiefly  monopolized  by 
Singapore.  The  town,  founded  about  1250,  was  taken  by 
the  Portuguese  in  1511,  by  the  Dutch  in  1641,  and  by  the 
English  in  1795.  It  was  again  held  by  the  Dutch  from 
1818  to  1825.     Pop.  15,000.    See  Strait  of  Malacca. 

Malacooree,  Malacoore,  or  Malacouri,  m&-l&- 
koo'ree,  a  strongly-fortified  town  of  West  Africa,  about  65 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Sierre  Leone,  on  the  Malageea. 

Malaczka,  m5hMits'kdh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  3245. 

Malad  (or  Malade,  mi-14d')  City,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on  the  Malade  River,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Corinne.  It  is  on  or  near  the  boundary 
between  Idaho  and  Utah,  and  in  a  fertile  valley,  near  the 
W.  base  of  a  high  mountain  of  Silurian  limestone  and 
sandstone.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  floor 
and  lumber.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Malade  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Salmon  River 
Mountains,  runs  southwestward  in  Alturas  co.,  and  enters 
the  Snake  River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  125  miles. 

Malade  River,  an  afiluent  of  the  Bear  River,  rises  in 
Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  southward  into  Utah,  and  enters 
Bear  River  about  10  miles  above  Corinne.  Length,  about 
120  miles.  Its  valley  is  broad  and  flat,  rich,  and  well 
watered  with  springs. 

Maladetta,  Mount.    See  Pic  Nethod. 

Malaga,  mal'a-ga  or  m&'l&-g&  (anc.  Mal'aea),  a  sea- 
port city  of  Spain*  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name, 
on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gibral- 
tar. Lat.  of  mole,  36°  43'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  26'  E.  Pop. 
115,882.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre,  near 
the  ba^e  of  a  mountainous  range,  and  is  commanded  by  a 
fine  old  Moorish  castle,  perched  on  a  pointed  rock,  and  called 
the  Gibralfaro.  The  streets  are  very  narrow,  ill  paved,  and 
dirty,  with  high  houses  built  around  courts.  It  has  a  fine 
promenade,  on  which  are  some  of  the  best  houses  in  the 
town.  The  chief  public  buildings  are  a  splendid  cathedral, 
with  a  spire  302  feet  high ;  the  bishop's  palace,  4  parish 
churches,  5  hospitals,  the  opera-house,  bull-ring,  custom- 
house, legal  seminary,  and  a  convict-depot.  Malaga  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  the  residence  of  a  civil  and  military  gov- 
ernor, and  the  seat  of  several  important  courts  and  public 
ofSces.  The  principal  manufactures  are  linen,  woollen,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  sail-cloth,  rope,  paper,  hats,  leather,  and 
soap ;  here  are  also  a  royal  cigar-factory  and  iron-foundries. 
The  old  Moorish  Darsena,  or  dock-yard,  is  used  as  a  store- 
house.    The  harbor,  formed  by  a  mole  700  feet  in  length, 


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MAL 


on  which  is  a  light-house,  is  capable  of  holding  about  450 
merchant  ships,  and  may  be  entered  during  any  wind. 
Malaga  has  a  large  trade  in  wines,  the  finest  of  which  are 
"  Mountain"  and  "  Lagrimas ;"  the  other  exports  are  olive 
oil,  figs,  almonds,  raisins,  grapes,  orange-peel,  esparto,  and 
lemons,  with  lead  and  iron  from  neighboring  mines.  The 
imports  comprise  salt  fish,  iron  hoops,  bar  iron,  nails,  petro- 
leum, timber,  woollen,  silk,  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  colonial 
produce.  Malaga  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the 
Carthaginians.  From  them  it  passed  to  the  Romans,  under 
whom  it  became  a  great  city.     See  Velez  Malaga. 

Malaga^  a  maritime  province  of  Spain,  Andalusia, 
bounded  S.  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  3052  square  miles. 
Pop.  502,378. 

Jnal'aga,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Glouces- 
ter CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Maurice  River,  and  on  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Vine- 
land.  It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  window-glass, 
and  about  40  houses. 

Malaga^  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  C,  in  Malaga 
township,  11  miles  S.  of  Barnesville,  and  about  37  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  tobacco-fac- 
tories.    Pop.  114;  of  the  township,  1577. 

Malaga,  a  large  and  very  beautiful  lake  of  Nova  Scotia, 
in  the  co.  of  Queens,  is  about  12  miles  long  by  3  miles  wide. 
It  contains  10  islands,  and  is  surrounded  with  hills  covered 
with  timber.  It  is  connected  with  Greenfield  or  Port  Med- 
way  Lake  by  a  small  stream  called  Wild  Cat  River. 

Mai^agash%  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  10  miles  from  Wallace. 
It  contains  2  churches  and  a  store.     Pop.  200. 

Malagash  Point,  a  hamlet  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  point  of  a  headland  at  the  entrance  to  Tata- 
magouche  Harbor,  15  miles  E.  of  Wallace.     Pop.  100. 

Mal^agawatch',  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.,  Cape 
Breton  Island,  29  miles  N.  of  Port  Hawkesbury.  It  has 
marble-quarries  and  a  deep  landlocked  harbor.     Pop.  250. 

Malagon,  mi-14-gon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  4156. 

Malaguash,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Lunenburg. 

MaMahide',  a  watering-place  of  Ireland,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Irish  Sea,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  653, 
partly  employed  in  a  valuable  oyster-fishery.  It  is  hand- 
somely built,  and  is  frequented  by  bathers. 

Malaisia,  mal-i'she-a  (Fr.  Malaiaie,  mk^Wzee'),  a 
name  sometimes  applied  to  the  Malay  Archipelago.  It  is 
derived  from  the  circumstance  that  the  inhabitants  for  the 

most  part  belong  to  the  great  Malay  race. Adj.  Ma- 

LAI8IAN,  mal-i'she-an.     See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Mal'aka,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1026. 

Mai'akof,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  in  Sevas- 
topol township,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Mal'akon,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

Maiakoff,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Kemptville.     Pop.  100. 

Maiamocco,  m^-li-mok'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Venice,  on  Malamocco,  a  long  sandy  island,  sepa- 
rating the  lagoons  from  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  2096.  It  was 
the  residence  of  the  Doge  in  the  eighth  century. 

Maiansac,  m&M&No^s&k',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Morbihan,  arrondissement  of  Vannes.    Pop.  2266. 

Malao,  the  ancient  name  of  Berbeka. 

Millar,  a  lake  of  Sweden.     See  Maelar. 

Malaspina,  mi-lis-pee'ni,  the  westernmost  of  the  Co- 
lumbretes  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Malateeyeh,  or  Malatia,  m8,-li-tee'y§h  (anc.  Meli- 
te'ne),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Marash, 
near  the  Euphrates.  It  has  about  200  wretched  houses,  a 
ruinous  castle,  and  some  good  mosques  and  caravansaries. 
It  is  unhealthy ;  and  from  various  causes  most  of  its  popu- 
lation have  now  settled  at  Aspuzi,  about  6  miles  southward. 

Malatha,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  El  Milh. 

Malativo,  mi-14-tee'vo,  written  also  Moeletivo, 
moo-l§h-tee'vo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  E.  coast,  52 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Trincomalee. 

Malaucene,  mi'lo^sain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vau- 
oluse,  16  miles  E.N.E,  of  Orange.     Pop.  1610. 

Malaunay,  miUo'ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf^rieure,  5i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rouen.  Pop.  1590.  It 
has  numerous  cotton-  and  paper-mills. 

Malaya,  Asia.    See  Malacca. 

Malay  Archipelago,  ma-14'  ar-ke-pel'a-go,  called 
also  Indian,  Asiatic,  and  JEIastern  Archipelago, 
and  Malaisia,the  most  extensive  group  of  islands  on  the 
globe ;  situated  to  the  S.E.  of  Asia,  and  washed  W.  by  the 
Indian  and  E.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  inhabitants  are 
largely  of  the  Malay  race,  whence  its  name.     A  chain  of 


islands,  about  thirty  in  number,  separated  in  general  onlj 
by  very  narrow  straits,  extends  from  the  N.W.  extremity 
of  Sumatra,  lat.  5°  34'  N.,  Ion.  95°  20'  E.,  to  the  Aroo 
Islands,  lat.  6°  S.,  Ion.  134°  30'  E.,  a  distance  of  about  2600 
miles.  The  greater  part  of  this  chain  lies  between  the 
7th  and  9th  parallels  of  S.  lat.;  but  at  one  point — Rotte 
Island,  adjoining  Timor — it  touches  the  11th  parallel.  This 
is  the  S.  boundary  of  the  Archipelago.  Its  E.  limit  has  less 
compactness  and  linear  precision.  At  a  short  distance  N. 
and  E.  from  the  Aroo  Islands  lies  the  great  island  of 
Papua,  or  New  Guinea,  the  W.  peninsula  of  which  is  by 
some  considered  as  belonging  to  the  Indian  Archipelago. 
From  200  miles  to  500  miles  N.W.  are  the  Moluccas,  or 
Spice  Islands,  in  the  widest  sense,  and  N.  by  W.  from  these 
again  are  the  Philippine  Islands,  the  largest  of  which 
group,  Luzon,  reaches  the  17th  parallel  of  N.  latitude. 
Thus  the  Archipelago  has  an  extreme  length  of  45°  and  a 
breadth  of  28°.  With  the  exception  of  the  Philippines, 
which  still  belong  to  Spain,  the  islands  of  Penang,  Singa- 
pore, Labuan,  and  the  settlement  of  Sarawak,  on  the  AV. 
coast  of  Borneo,  which  belong  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  N. 
and  N.W.  portions  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  the  Sooloo  and 
some  other  islands,  under  native  potentates,  the  whole  of 
this  vast  archipelago  is  either  really  or  nominally  under 
the  sway  of  the  Netherlands.  The  Portuguese  have  also  a 
few  small  possessions  here. 

Within  the  limits  here  pointed  out  lie  some  of  the  largest 
and  finest  islands  in  the  world,  as  Borneo,  Sumatra,  Java, 
Celebes,  Luzon,  Ac.  The  fertile  and  cultivated  islands  of 
less  size,  extending  E.  to  the  Spice  Islands,  are  Nias,  Man- 
tawi,  Poggy,  Billiton,  Banca,  Madura,  Bali,  Lombok,  Sum- 
bawa,  Comodo,  Sandalwood  Island,  Flores,  or  Mangarai, 
Timor,  Ceram,  Booro,  Gilolo,  Mindanao,  Palawan,  Negros, 
Samar,  Mindoro,  Panay,  Leyte,  and  Zebu.  Numerous 
groups  are  scattered  throughout  the  Archipelago,  consist- 
ing each  of  hundreds  of  islands,  many  of  them  celebrated 
by  the  natives  for  their  beauty  and  fertility,  but  they  have 
never  been  surveyed,  and  are  avoided  by  European  navi- 
gators, who  dread  not  only  the  hidden  dangers  of  ooraJ 
banks,  but  also  the  piratical  habits  of  the  natives. 

Geological  Conatitution. — The  islands  which  form  the  S. 
line  of  the  Archipelago  are  all  mountainous,  and  the  chief 
summits  are  volcanic.  Many  of  them  are  still  active  vol- 
canoes. The  line  of  volcanic  action  may  be  traced,  on  the 
W.  side,  through  Sumatra  to  Chittagong,  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal.  On  the  E.  side  it  reaches  the  meridian  of  130° 
E.,  nearly  under  which  are  the  little  volcanic  islands  of 
Nila  and  Seroa,  in  the  Sea  of  Banda.  It  then  inclines 
N.W.  to  the  little  islands  lying  on  the  W.  of  Gilolo,  which 
are  all  volcanic.  Thence  the  volcanic  line  may  be  traced 
through  the  Philippines  and  Japan  to  Kamchatka.  Gold 
is  found  in  various  places,  especially  in  Borneo  and  Su- 
matra; extensive  tin-mines  in  Banca;  silver,  copper,  and 
iron  in  other  localities ;  diamonds  are  found  in  Borneo ; 
sulphur  is  abundant,  as  are  also  lignite,  naphtha,  and 
asphaltum ;  coal  is  found  in  Luzon  and  other  localities,  and 
native  salt  is  procured  from  Java. 

The  principal  entrances  to  the  Malay  Archipelago  from 
the  E.  are  Gilolo  Passage  and  Dampier's  Strait,  by  the  coast 
of  New  Guinea,  while  the  Straits  of  Malacca  and  of  Sunda 
give  access  from  the  W.,  and  the  Straits  of  Lombok,  Allass, 
Ombay,  &c.,  from  the  S. 

The  Archipelago  lies  for  the  most  part  close  to  the  equa- 
tor, which  passes  through  Sumatra,  Borneo,  Celebes,  and 
Gilolo.  This  entire  region  is  excepted  from  the  general  law 
of  the  trade-winds,  which,  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides  of  the 
line  respectively,  blow  constantly  from  the  N.E.  and  S.E. 
Within  the  Archipelago,  and  thence  W.  to  the  coast  of 
Africa,  the  monsoons,  that  is,  season  winds,  prevail,  blow- 
ing alternately  from  the  S.E.  and  N.W.  But  these  winds, 
though  locally  regular  and  constant,  vary  much  from  place 
to  place,  and  E.  of  Celebes  the  seasons  are  reversed.  The 
North  Philippine  Islands  alone  fall  within  the  region  of 
hurricanes  and  boisterous  winds. 

The  first  division  of  the  Archipelago,  founded  on  natural 
features,  embraces  Sumatra,  Java,  Bali,  Lombok,  and  about 
two-thirds  of  the  W.  part  of  Borneo  to  the  meridian  of  llt)° 
E.  Ion.  So  far  there  is  a  general  uniformity  of  animal  and 
vegetable  productions.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile.  Rice 
is  the  general  food  of  the  people,  who  have  made  a  consid- 
erable advance  in  the  arts  and  habits  of  civilized  life.  The 
second  division,  comprehending  Celebes,  Booton,  and  East 
Borneo,  up  to  lat.  3°  N.,  is,  in  soil,  food,  and  civilization, 
inferior  to  the  first.  Rice  is  here  no  longer  abundant,  and 
sago  often  supplies  its  place.  The  third  division  extends 
from  Ion,  124°  to  130°  E.,  and  between  lat.  10°  S.  and  2° 
N.     Here  nature  takes  a  new  aspect.     The  rich  vegetation 


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1743 


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of  the  western  islands  is  seen  only  on  the  sea-shore;  the 
hills  are  comparatively  bare  and  arid.  But  this  is  the 
region  in  which  alone  the  clove  and  nutmeg  attain  perfec- 
tion. Yet  the  soil  is  not  fertile,  rice  is  rare,  and  the  staple 
food  in  this  division  is  sago.  The  inhabitants  are  much 
inferior  to  those  farther  W.,  and  have  never  acquired  the 
use  of  letters.  The  clove  was  originally  found  only  on  the 
five  Molucca  Islands,  chiefly  on  Machian,  whence  it  was 
carried  to  Amboyna,to  which  spot  its  cultivation  was  long 
restricted  by  the  Dutch.  The  fourth,  less  distinctly  marked 
than  the  preceding,  lies  between  the  parallels  of  4°  and  10° 
N.,  from  Ion.  116°  to  128°  B.,  including  the  N.  angle  of 
Borneo,  the  Sooloo  Islands,  and  Mindanao.  The  inhab- 
itants are  superior  to  those  of  the  third  division.  Rice  is 
their  chief  food,  but  sago  also  is  much  used.  The  clove 
and  nutmeg  are  here  indigenous,  but  inferior  in  quality  to 
those  growing  farther  S.  The  fifth  division  is  that  of  the 
Philippine  Islands,  from  lat.  10°  to  18°  N.  Here  a  humid 
climate  and  volcanic  soil  reappear,  and  with  them  exuber- 
ant fertility.  Rice  again  becomes  abundant.  Sugar  and 
tobacco  are  produced,  but  pepper,  fine  spices,  and  some  of 
the  fruits  of  the  islands  near  the  equator  are  wanting.  The 
northwestern  islands  are  Asiatic  in  animal  and  vegetable 
forms;  the  extreme  southern  ones  approach  the  Australa- 
sian character,  and  others  share  the  features  of  the  two. 

In  the  woods  of  Sumatra  and  Java,  teak,  mango,  fig, 
musa,  sandal,  ebony,  and  other  great  trees  are  mingled  with 
palms  of  endless  variety  and  gigantic  forms;  while  climb- 
ing plants,  frequently  canes,  interwoven  from  tree  to  tree, 
bind  the  whole  together  and  render  the  forest  utterly  im- 
penetrable. 

Inhabitants. — In  the  Malay  Archipelago  there  are  two 
aboriginal  races.  One,  of  Malay  extraction,  has  a  brown 
or  fair  complexion,  the  other  is  the  Papuan  or  negrillo  race, 
and  is  black.  The  brown  race  are  about  4  inches  below  the 
average  European  stature.  They  are  robust  and  somewhat 
clumsy;  the  face  is  square,  with  hollow  cheeks  and  project- 
ing jaws,  large  mouth,  small  nose,  small  black  eyes,  and 
lank  hair.  The  Battahs  of  Sumatra  and  the  Dyaks  of 
Borneo,  who  are  among  the  fairest,  live  under  the  equator; 
the  Javanese,  the  most  civilized  and  most  luxurious,  are 
among  the  darkest.  The  Papuas  rarely  attain  the  height 
of  5  feet,  and  have  feeble  frames;  the  skin  is  of  a  sooty 
black ;  the  chin  retreats  so  as  to  form  no  part  of  the  face ; 
the  lips  are  very  prominent,  the  look  wild  and  malign. 
They  increase  in  numbers  towards  the  E.,  and  are  the  sole 
possessors  of  Papua  or  New  Guinea.  AVherever  found  they 
seem  to  be  in  the  lowest  stage  of  civilization. 

An  unusually  large  proportion  of  the  whole  population 
have  maritime  habits.  Their  chief  towns  are  in  many  in- 
stances built  over  the  water,  the  bamboo  houses  being  con- 
structed on  stakes.  They  often  shelter  an  entire  village 
under  a  single  roof.  Even  the  least  civilized  tribes  of  the 
Dyaks  construct  houses  on  piles,  10  or  20  feet  above  the 
ground,  large  enough  to  lodge  500  people.  The  natives  are 
skilful  boat-builders,  and  their  prahoos,  often  of  60  tons 
burden,  are  excellent  specimens  of  naval  architecture. 

Malay  Peninsula,  called  also  Malac'ca,  or  Ma- 
laya, mi-l4'y3,  (ane.  Ghersone'sus  Au'rea),  the  most  south- 
ern portion  of  Continental  Asia,  forming  the  S.  part  of  the 
peninsula  of  Farther  India  and  extending  from  Indo-China 
south  and  southeast  towards  Sumatra.  The  peninsula  be- 
gins geographically  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Siam  (lat. 
1.3°  30'  N.),  and  thus  includes  part  of  Siam  proper  and  the 
British  proyjnceof  Tenasserim  in  Burmah,  extending 
thence  southwardTo^lat.  1°  16'  N.,  and  embracing  in  its 
southern  portion  certain  of  the  Bjcitlab.  Straijg^flttlemejits 
and  ^varioua,  protect  eH^  stat^  Lothis  large  sense  Vae  area 
of  the  Malay  PeninsuTa  is  set  down  at  75,000  square  miles, 
of  which  40,000  belong  to  Siam  and  the  remainder  to  the 
Straits  Settlements  and  their  dependencies.  The  width  of 
the  peninsula  varies  from  44  miles  at  the  Isthmus  of  Kra 
in  the  north  central  part  to  210  miles  at  Perak  in  the 
south.  Its  physical  features  consist  of  magnificently- wopded 
mountain-ranges  in  the  interior,  running  parallel  to  the 
coasts  and  flanked  on  either  side  by  low  fertile  plains, 
which  in  turn  are  flanked  by  mangrove  swamps  extending 
to  the  sea.  Numerous  islands  lie  along  the  coasts.  Its 
rivereare  short  and  of  little  use  for  navigation.  The  Malay 
PenmiuTa  Is  notedjbr  itsvaluable  woods. — among  which 
are  camphor,  cmnamon7lJ0Coa,"^ony,  rattan,  sandal-wood, 
teak,  Ac, — while  as  a  tin-yielding  region  it  is  the  richest 
in  the  world.  Gold,  silver,  iron,  and  coal  also  abound.  Its 
wild  animals  embrace  the  tiger,  rhinoceros,  tapir,  elephant, 
hog,  bufialo,  monkeys,  Ac,  and  it  has  many  beautiful  birds. 
Rice,  sugar-cane,  cotton,  tobacco,  yams,  batatas,  and  oocoa- 
and  areoa-nuts  are  its  chief  cultivated  crops.     Its  inhabi- 


tants are  mainly  Siamese  in  the  north,  civilized  Malaya 
along  the  coast  and  in  the  south,  and  uncivilized  Malays 

mixed  with  aboriginal  Negrito  tribes  in  the  interior. 

Adj.  Malayan,  mal-i'^n,  and  Malay,  mal-4';    inbab. 
Malay. 

Malayta,  m&-1i't&,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacifie 
Ocean.     Lat.  (S.  point)  9°  45'  S.;  Ion.  161°  39'  24"  E. 

Mai  Baie,  m&l  hi,  a  beautiful  bay  on  the  £.  coast  of 
Gasp§  CO.,  Quebec,  about  6  miles  wide  by  4  miles  broad. 
Near  its  S.  point  a  remarkable  rock  rises  abont  200  feet  out 
of  the  water.  It  is  about  1200  feet  wide,  and  contains  3 
arches  wrought  by  nature,  the  centre  one  of  which  is  suffi- 
ciently large  to  admit  a  boat  under  sail  to  pass  through. 

Mai  Bale,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  Charlevoix  oo., 
and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Murray  Bay.  Several 
lakes  at  its  head  abound  with  trout. 

Mai  Bale,  a  river  of  the  co.  of  Qaspg,  Quebec,  midway 
between  Gasp€  Basin  and  Perc6,  empties  into  Mai  Baie. 
It  is  frequented  by  salmon  and  trout. 

Mai  Baie,  a  village  of  Quebec.    See  Murray  Bay. 

Malberg,  mirbdRO,  or  Mailberg,  mil'bSRO,  a  mar- 
ket-town  of  Lower  Austria.     Pop.  1293. 

Malbodium,  the  Latin  name  of  Mattbeuge. 

Malburgeth,  mlrbS6R-ghit',  or  Malborgeth,  mll*- 
boR'ghSt',  a  town  of  Austria,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Villaoh,  in 
a  narrow  pass,  on  the  Fella. 

Maiburgetam,  the  Latin  name  of  Maubourouet. 

Malchin,  mil-seen',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  between  Lakes  Malchin  and  Cummer,  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Giistrow.  Pop.  6350.  Chief  industries, 
weaving  and  tanning. 

Malchow,  mil'Kov,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  dnohy 
of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  an  island  in  Lake  Malchow, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Waren.  Pop.  3368.  It  has  important 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Malcolm,  mal'kgm,  a  station  in  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Terre  Haute  to  Vandalia,  111.,  5  miles  W.  of 
Terre  Haute. 

Malcolm,  or  Malcom,  a  post-village  in  Malcolm 
township,  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  26  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Marengo.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  Ac.  Pop. 
of  village,  353 ;  of  township,  additional,  722, 

Malcolm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Nebraska  Railroad,  1 1  miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Malda,  Maldah,  mawl'di,  or  Old  Maldah,a  town 
of  Bengal,  Maldah  district,  on  the  Mahananda,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Angrazabad  (to  which  the  name  Maldah  is  sometimes 
incorrectly  given).  It  is  built  of  brick,  but  is  much  decayed. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  5262. 

Malda,  or  Maldah,  a  district  of  Bengal,  bounded  W. 
and  S.AY.  by  the  Ganges.  Lat.  24°  30'-25°  22.5'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  48'-88°  33.5' E.  Area,  1807  square  miles.  The  W,  part 
is  level  and  very  fertile,  but  subject  to  overflow.  The  E. 
portion,  once  densely  peopled,  is  now  a  fever-smitten  jungle, 
full  of  tigers  and  serpents.  Rice,  grain,  silk,  and  indigo  are 
leading  products.     Capital,  Angrazabad.     Pop.  676,426. 

Maldeghem,  mird?h-gham\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  17  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  7868, 
engaged  in  tobacco-factories,  oil-mills,  breweries,  and  cotton- 
printing-works. 

Maiden,  mawl'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  oo..  111., 
in  Berlin  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  16  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Salle.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  about  250. 

Maiden,  a  city  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  small 
river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Rail- 
road and  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  rubber  boots  and  shoes,  cords  and  tassels, 
sandpaper,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  23,031. 

Maiden,  a  post-village  of  Dunklin  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Little  River  Valley  A  Arkansas  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of 
New  Madrid.  It  is  in  a  cotton-growing  district,  and  has 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  4  ootton-gins,  a  saw-mill, 
marble-works,  Ac.     Pop.  943. 

Maiden,  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sauger- 
ties  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles  above  Sauger- 
ties,  and  42  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  2  churches.  It 
has  an  extensive  trade  in  building-stone  (blue-stone),  which 
is  quarried  here.     Pop.  about  400. 

Maiden,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railway,  about  5  miles  S.B.  of  Charles- 
ton.    Pop.  365. 


lv\^' 


^-, 


MAL 


1744 


MAL 


Maiden  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Bryan  co.,  Ga, 
Maiden  Bridge,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  eo.,  N.Y., 
in  Chatham  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  2  miles  from 
Chatham  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.    It 
has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  pump-factory. 

Maiden  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  be- 
longing to  Great  Britain.  Lat.  (S.  point)  3°  58'  30"  S. ; 
Ion.  155°  W.  It  is  of  low  coral  formation,  and  about  12  or 
14  miles  in  extent.     Pop.  79.     It  affords  guano. 

Malderen,  mil'd^h-rfin',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Steenhuffelsche-Beek,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels. 

Maldive  (mal'div)  Islands,  or  Malediva,  mi'li- 
dee'vi  ("Thousand  Isles"),  a  chain  of  islands,  Indian 
Ocean,  between  lat.  0°  45'  S.  and  7°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  72°  48' 
and  73°  48'  E.,  about  300  miles  S.W.  of  India,  and  separated 
N.  from  Minicoy  and  the  Laccadives  by  the  8  and  9  degrees 
channels.  They  are  of  coral  formation,  and  arranged  in  17 
round  and  oval  groups,  termed  atolls,  surrounded  and  pro- 
tected by  coral  reefs.  The  larger  islands  are  well  wooded 
with  palms,  Ac,  and  produce  millet,  coir,  cocoa-nuts,  escu- 
lent roots,  fruits,  and  poultry.  The  smaller  are  mere  barren 
islets.  Cowry-fishing  is  an  important  pursuit.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  about  150,000.  They  are  Mohammedans,  and  live 
under  a  sultan,  who  resides  on  the  island  of  Male  and  sends 
tribute  to  the  British. 

Mal-di-Yeutre,  m&I-dee-vSn'tri,  an  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Cape  Mannu.     It  is  5  miles  long. 

Maldon,  m&l'd9n,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  the  Chelmer,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Chelms- 
ford. It  has  several  ancient  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
a  large  national  school,  a  valuable  library,  several  charities, 
an  ancient  town  hall,  a  jail,  and  large  barracks,  with  im- 
ports of  coal,  iron,  and  timber,  and  exports  of  fish  and 
agricultural  produce.  Vessels  of  considerable  burden  ap- 
proach the  town.  It  sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Silk,  salt,  beer,  castings,  and  farm-machinery  are 
manufactured.     Pop.  (1891)  5397. 

Maldonado,  mil-do-ni'do,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Uruguay,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  Plata  estuary,  60  miles 
E.  of  Montevideo.  Lat.  of  the  island  Goriti,  which  shel- 
ters its  harbor,  34°  57'  2"  S. ,-  Ion.  54°  57'  35"  W.  It  is 
regularly  built,  and  has  a  large  public  square. 

Male,  mi'li,  or  Mohl,  mol,  the  principal  island  of  the 
Maldive  group,  a  little  N.  of  its  centre,  almost  circular, 
having  a  circumference  of  nearly  5  miles.  It  is  the  resi- 
dence of  the  sultan,  and  the  seat  of  his  government,  and 
was  once  completely  fortified  by  a  wall  and  bastions.  Pop. 
nearly  2000. 

Male,  mi'li  or  mi'leh,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  50 
miles  from  Trent,  on  the  Noce.     Pop.  1012. 

Malea  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Malia. 

Malebum,  mi-le-biim',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  on  the  Gun- 
duck,  138  miles  N.W.  of  Khatmandoo. 

Maledictus,  the  Latin  name  of  Montmedy. 

Malediva,  islands.    See  Maldive  Islands. 

Malekra,  m3,l'e-kra,,  a  neat  town  of  the  Punjab,  near 
the  S.  range  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains. 

Malemort,  mirmoR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vauoluse, 
(J  miles  S.E.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  1350. 

Male-Myn,  ml'l4-min',  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
Irrawaddy,  76  miles  N.  of  Ava,  contains  about  800  houses. 

Malenowitz,  mi'li-no^^its,  a  town  of  Moravia,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Hradisoh.     Pop.  1140. 

Maleo,  mi-li'o,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  4098. 

Malerkot'la,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  the  Punjab, 
on  the  Sirhind  plain.   Area,  164  square  miles.   Pop.  46,200. 

Malesherbes,  miPzaiRb',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret, 
on  the  Essonne,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pithiviers.  Pop.  1847. 
Here  is  the  fine  chateau  of  Malesherbes. 

Malfi,  mil'fee,  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Ragusa,  on  a  bay  of  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  of  commune,  3907. 

Malgar,  mS,l-gaR',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia, 
on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Choruk,  and  on  the  Turkish 
boundary,  8  miles  S.  of  Artveen. 

Malgarah,  Malghara,  mai'g3,-ra,,  or  Migalgara, 
me-g3,l''ga,-rS,,  a  walled  town  of  European  Turkey,  province 
of  Roumelia,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  2500. 

Malgrat,  mil-grit',  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  37  miles 
N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3287. 

Malgu6nac,  mirgi^nik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  4  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1752. 

Malhar,  marhar',  or  Mul^har',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3177. 

Malheur  (mal-oor')  River,  Oregon,  rises  near  the  S.E. 
baae  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  drains  part  of  Baker  oo.,  and 


enters  Snake  River  on  the  boundary  between  Idaho  and 
Oregon,  near  lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Maliacus  Sinus,  Greece.    See  Gulf  of  Lamia. 

Maliannm  Fulcimensium.    See  Maglans. 

Malicorne,  miMee^koRn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
8  miles  N.  of  La  Fleche,  on  the  Sarthe.     Pop.  1509. 

Malig'nant  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  36  miles  N.E.  of 
New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Maligrama,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mullioaux. 

Mal'in,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  10  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Londonderry. 

Malines,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Mechlik. 

Malin  Head,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Done- 
gal.    Lat.  55°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  24'  W. 

Malinipa  Island,  Sooloo  Archipelago.    See  Coco. 

Malka,  mil'ki,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Ciscaucasia,  joins 
the  Terek  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mosdok,  after  a  course  of 
about  110  miles. 

Mal'lard  Creek,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1436. 

Mallare,  mil-li'ri,  or  Mallere,  m&I-li'ri,  a  village 
of  Italy,  7  miles  from  Cairo.     Pop.  1597. 

Mallavilly,  mil-li-vil'lee,  or  Mallivalli,  mil-lee- 
vil'lee,  a  fortified  town  of  Southern  India,  Mysore,  25  milea 
E.  of  Seringapatam.     Pop.  5114. 

Mallemort,  m4ri§h-moR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rh&ne,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aries.     Pop.  1023. 

Mallen,  mil-ySn'  (anc.  Man'lia?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
Aragon,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2863. 

MalMet  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  <fe  Wheeling  Railroad  (at 
York  Station),  4  miles  N.W.  of  Medina.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill. 

MaI'lia,  a  town  of  India,  in  Kattywar,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Runn  of  Cutch. 

Malliagaum,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mulligauh. 

Mallicollo,  mil-le-kol'lo,  a  large  island  of  the  New 
Hebrides,  60  miles  long  and  28  broad,  lat.  16°  30'  S^ 
Ion.  167°  50'  E.,  S.E.  of  Espiritu  Santo.  It  is  low,  well 
watered,  and  fertile,  but  inhabited  by  a  race  apparently  in 
the  lowest  stage  of  barbarism. 

MalMing,  West  Mailing,  or  Town-Mailing,  a 
town  of  England,  in  Kent,  5^  miles  W.N.W.  of  Maidstone. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2326. 

Mallivalli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mallavilly. 

Mallorca,  an  island  of  Spain.    See  Majorca. 

Mal'lory,  a  township  of  Clayton  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1149. 

Mallory,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Mai  lory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  a  church. 

Mallory's  Ford,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
North  Anna  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Madison  Run  Station 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Mal'lorysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  about 
70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

Mal'lorytown,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  138  miles  W.S.W.  of  Men 
treal.     It  contains  several  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  300. 

Mal'loryville,  a  station  in  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Freeville. 

Mal'low,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  17  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cork,  on  the  Black  water,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated,  with  many  elegant  seats  in  the 
vicinity.  It  has  a  handsome  modern  and  the  ruins  of 
an  ancient  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  court-house, 
jail,  workhouse,  barracks,  infirmary,  news-rooms,  and  the 
hottest  mineral  spring  in  Ireland.  The  borough  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  4761. 

Malmaison,  mirmi^z6N»',  a  chateau  in  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  4i  miles  W.  of  Paris,  celebrated  as 
having  been  the  residence  of  the  Empress  Josephine. 

Malmaison,  mal-ma'sgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsyl- 
vania CO.,  Va.,  10  miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  steam 
saw-mill  and  a  coach -factory.  Tobacco  of  superior  quality 
is  produced  here. 

Malmaison,  Quebec.    See  Des  Rivieres. 

Malmedy,  mil'm^h-de,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  2o 
miles  S.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Warge.  Pop.  5671.  It 
has  extensive  tanneries,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth, 
muslins,  soap,  and  potash,  mineral  springs,  and  near  it  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  imperial  abbey. 

Malmesbury,  mimz'b§r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Wilts,  nearly  enclosed  by  the  Avon,  19i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bath.  Pop.  2964.  It  was  the  seat  of  a  splendid  abbey, 
of  which  little  now  remains  except  a  portion  used  as  the 


MAL 


1745 


MAL 


parish  church,  with  a  tomb  reputed  to  be  that  of  King 
Athelstan.  It  has  vestiges  of  ancient  fortifications.  The 
manufacture  of  woollen  cloth,  formerly  the  chief  branch, 
has  given  way  to  wool-stapling.  It  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Malmish,  or  Malmych,  m&l-mish',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Viatka,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kazan,  on  the 
Viatka.     Pop.  2618. 

Malmd,  mal'mo  or  m&I'm<5,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
capital  of  a  Isen,  on  the  Sound,  and  in  one  of  the  most  fer- 
tile districts  of  the  kingdom,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Copen- 
hagen. Lat.  55°  36'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  13°  E.  It  is  an  impor- 
tant railway  terminus,  and  was  formerly  a  place  of  strength, 
but  the  fortifications  have  been  removed.  The  principal 
buildings  are  two  churches,  one  of  them  possessed  of  a  large 
organ  and  costly  monuments ;  the  old  castle,  still  surrounded 
by  walls  and  ditches,  and  occupied  partly  as  a  barracks ; 
the  governor's  house,  town  house,  hospital,  and  theatre. 
The  staple  manufactures  are  gloves.  The  trade,  much 
cramped  by  the  want  of  a  good  harbor,  is  chiefly  in  grain 
and  whisky.  A  steamer  plies  regularly  between  Malmo, 
Copenhagen,  and  Lubeck.     Pop.  (1S90)  48,504. 

Malmiihiis,  mil'mo-hooce,  or  Malmo,  a  fertile  prov- 
ince or  laen  of  Sweden,  at  its  S.W.  extremity,  having  S.  the 
Baltic,  and  W.  the  Sound.  Area,  1781  square  miles.  Pop. 
(1890)  368,820. 

Malnate,  mil-ni'ti,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  of  commune,  2461. 

Malo,  mi'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Vi- 
cenza,  on  the  Torlo.     Pop.  4803.     It  has  saltpetre-works. 

Malo  Archangel sk,  m&'lo  aR-k&ng-ghSlsk',  a  town 
of  Russia  in  Europe,  government  of  Olonets,  55  miles  N.E. 
of  Kargopol. 

Malo  Archangelsk,  a  town  of  Russia  in  Europe,  gov- 
ernment and  85  miles  S.E.  of  Orel,     Pop.  4891. 

Maloi,  an  island  of  Siberia.     See  Malyi. 

Maloi-Yaroslavitz,  mi'loi-yi-ro-slS,'vits,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  38  miles  N.  of  Kalooga,  on  the 
Loosha.     Pop.  5173. 

Malone,  ma-l5n',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa, 
in  Eden  township,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Clinton.  It  has 
a  church. 

Malone,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Malone  township,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  Ogdens- 
burg  A  Lake  Champlain  division  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  61  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  57  miles 
W.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  is  also  on  the  Adirondack  division 
of  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River  Railroad,  about 
155  miles  direct  or  254  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Albany. 
A  bridge  here  crosses  the  river,  which  aflfords  extensive 
water-power  and  flows  in  a  deep  valley.  Malone  is  pleas- 
antly situated  in  a  rich  farming  country.  It  contains  7 
churches,  2  national  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  an  academy, 
an  iron-foundry,  2  woollen-factories,  a  paper-mill,  3  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  tannery,  and  2  machine-shops.  Here  is  the 
Northern  New  York  Institution  for  Deaf  Mutes,  with  150 
inmates.  The  railroad  machine-  and  repair-shops  located 
here  are  on  a  large  scale.  Pop.  in  1890,  4986  j  of  the 
township,  8991. 

Malone,  or  Pow'ell's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Has- 
tings CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Moira,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Belleville.     Here  are  gold-mines.     Pop.  300. 

Malonne,  m&Honn',  a  town  of  Belgiam,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Namur,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  2700. 

Malonno,  m4-lon'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2317. 

Maloo,  miMoo',  a  town  of  India,  25  miles  W.  of  Sir- 
hind.     Lat.  30°  38'  N.;  Ion.  75°  58'  E. 

MaMott'  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
railroad  station,  and  8  or  9  houses. 

Malouines,  Atlantic  Ocean.    See  Falkland  Islands. 

Malpartida  de  Caceres,  m&l-paR-tee'D&  d&  k&'- 
thi-rfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  50  miles  N.N..E.  of  Caceres.  Pop. 
3275. 

Malpartida  de  la  Serena,  m9,I-paR-tee'D&  di,  Ik 
sd-ri'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  Estremadura,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of 
B.idajos.     Pop.  1769. 

Malpartida  de  Placencia,  m&l-paR-tee'D&  dk  pl&- 
sfin'she-i  or  pli-thfin'the-i,  a  village  of  Spain,  Estremadura, 
61  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2251. 

Mai 'pas,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Chester.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated,  has  a  richly- 
ornamented  church,  built  about  the  time  of  Henry  VII.,  a 
grammar-school,  Alport's  School,  and  several  other  charities. 

Malpeque,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Pbincetown. 


Malplaquet,  m&Ppl&'ki',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
arrondissement  of  Avesnes,  memorable  for  the  victory  of 
Marlborough  and  Prince  Eugene  over  the  French  in  1709. 

Mai  poo  ra,  m&l-poo'ri,  a  town  of  India,  Rajpootana, 
35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Krishnuggur. 

Malsch,  m&lsh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  3544. 

Malsch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  14  milos  S^.E. 
of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1355. 

Mals-Elf,  m&ls-dir,  a  river  of  Norway,  falls  into  the 
Malunger-Fiord  about  lat.  69°  N.     Length,  80  miles. 

Malsen,  m&l-sSn'  or  m&l-s&n',  or  Malsesine,  mil-s4- 
see'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Verona,  on 
the  Lake  of  Garda. 

M^Istrom,  Norway.    See  Maelstrom. 

Malta,  mawl'ta  (It.  pron.  m&rt&;  Fr.  Mnlte,  m&It;  ane. 
Mel'ita),  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Great 
Britain,  62  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sicily,  and  197  miles  N.  of 
Africa.  Lat.  35°  53'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  14°  31'  15"  E.  Greatest 
length,  17  miles ;  central  breadth,  about  9  miles.  Area,  98 
square  miles.  It  is  of  an  irregular  and  oval  shape,  deeply 
indented  on  all  sides  except  the  S.,  where  the  coast  forms  a 
continuous  and  almost  unbroken  line.  The  largest  bays  are 
those  of  Marsa  and  Sirocco  on  the  S.W.,  and  Melleha  and 
St.  Paul's  on  the  N.E. ;  but  the  most  important  in  every 
respect  is  the  double  bay  formed  by  the  opposite  sides  of 
the  remarkable  peninsula  on  which  the  capital,  Valetta, 
stands.  The  S.W.  coast  is  remarkably  bold,  having  not  a 
single  opening  in  which  a  vessel  can  take  refuge.  The  sur- 
face is  very  much  broken  by  rocks,  which  pierce  it  in  all 
directions,  and  are  almost  destitute  of  any  covering  of  soil, 
leaving  few  intervening  spaces  which  can  be  brought  under 
regular  culture.  The  culminating  point,  which  occurs  near 
the  S.W.  coast,  does  not  exceed  1200  feet.  The  rocks  are  all 
stratified,  and  arranged  in  nearly  parallel  layers,  with  a  very 
gentle  dip,  generally  from  N.E.  to  E.  by  N.  'They  are  dis- 
posed in  4  distinct  groups,  consisting  of  coral  limestone, 
yellow  sandstone  and  blue  clay,  the  former  above  in  beds 
about  20  feet  thick,  abounding  in  fossils,  the  latter  from 
100  to  120  feet  thick,  sandstone,  and  a  yellowish  white  seifti- 
crystalline  limestone,  forming  an  excellent  building-stone. 
The  range  of  temperature  seldom  exceeds  6°  in  24  hours; 
the  air  is  usually  dry  and  clear.  The  winter  climate,  from 
the  middle  of  October  till  that  of  January,  is  delightfi'?,  but 
in  summer  the  heat  becomes  extreme,  and  the  bright  light 
reflected  from  the  bare  white  rocks  often  injures  the  sight. 
There  are  no  lakes  or  proper  running  streams  in  the  island, 
but  the  springs  are  numerous  and  copious.  The  soil  is  very 
thin,  and  the  best  of  it  has  been  imported  for  gardeners' 
use,  but  under  the  influence  of  an  auspicious  climate  the 
island  has  become  very  fruitful.  The  staple  product  is 
cotton ;  the  vine  and  olive  are  cultivated.  Fruits,  particu- 
larly figs  and  oranges,  are  abundant,  and  of  excellent  flavor. 
The  central  position  of  Malta  in  the  Mediterranean  makes 
it  an  important  commercial  depOt,  and  at  all  times  an  in- 
valuable naval  station.  It  has  in  consequence  received 
great  attention  from  the  British  government,  and  been  both 
provided  with  excellent  docks  and  very  strong  fortifications. 
Malta  was  first  peopled,  it  is  said,  by  the  Phoenicians.  It 
passed  successively  through  the  hands  of  the  Phoenicians, 
Greeks,  and  Carthaginians,  and  was  finally  attached  to 
Rome  during  the  second  Punic  War.  It  was  seized  at  dif- 
ferent times  by  Vandals,  Goths,  and  Saracens.  From  the 
last  it  passed  to  Sicily,  and  followed  its  fortunes  till  1522, 
when  Charles  V.  granted  it  to  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Je- 
rusalem. In  1798  the  Grand  Master  Ilompesch  surrendered 
it  to  Napoleon.  It  was  afterwards  taken  by  Nelson,  and  is 
now,  along  with  the  islands  of  Comino  and  Gozo,  a  posses- 
sion of  Great  Britain.  The  natives  are  of  mixed  descent, 
their  language  being  chiefly  of  Arabic  origin.     Capital, 

Valetta.     Pop.  in  1881,  149,782;  in  1892,  166,889. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Maltese,  mawl-teez'  (It.  Maltkse.  roll-ti'sd). 

Malta,  mawl'ta,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co..  III.,  in 
Malta  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
64  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  800;  of  township,  1157. 

Malta,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Malta,  a  post-office  of  Qoud  oo.,  Kansas,  24  miles  W. 
of  Clay  Centre. 

Malta,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.    See  Greenwood. 

Malta,  a  post-township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  • 
miles  S.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E, 
by  Saratoga  Lake,  and  intersected  by  the  Rensselaer  A  Sar- 
atoga Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Maltavill*. 
Pop.  1215.     Malta  Post-Office  is  at  Dunning  Street 


MAL 


1746 


xttAM 


Malta,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  CO.,  0.,  in  Malta  town- 
ihip,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Muskingum  River,  opposite 
MoConnellsville,  and  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  513;  of  the  township, 
1625.  It  has  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs,  sash, 
doors,  and  salt.     Here  is  a  salt-well  800  feet  deep. 

Malta  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  in  Grand 
Pass  township,  about  2  miles  S.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and 
SO  miles  E.  of  Lexington.   It  has  4  churches. 

Maltaville,  mawl'ta-vil,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Malta  township,  i  mile  from  Round  Lake  Station, 
and  about  10  miles  S.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church, 
a  cotton-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Malterdingen,  mM't^r-ding^^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1545. 

Malters,  mS.l't§rs,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
11  miles  W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  Emmen.     Pop.  3229, 

Malton,  mawl'ton,  or  NeAV  Malton,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  the  Derwent,  here 
crossed  by  an  ancient  stone  bridge,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of 
York,  at  arailway  junction.  It  stands  on  an  eminence,  and 
has  a  large  market-place,  national  schools,  a  theatre,  public 
rooms,  with  a  library,  and  remains  of  a  castle  destroyed  by 
Henry  II.  Porter,  malt,  corn,  and  bacon  are  largely  ex- 
ported to  Hull,  Ac,  by  the  navigable  Derwent.  The  bor- 
ough is  a  polling-place  for  the  county,  and  in  conjunction 
with  its  suburb  of  Norton,  and  with  Old  Malton,  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  4910 ;  of  par- 
liamentary borough,  10,236. 

Malton,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co,,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  15  miles  W.  of  Toronto,  It  contains  2 
stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  300. 

Maltsch,  miltoh,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  Berlin, 
Frankfort  &  Breslau  Railway,  24  miles  W.  of  Breslau. 

Maluenda,  mi-loo-Sn'dS,,  almost  mS,l-wSn'dS,,  a  village 
of  Spain,  Aragon,  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Saragossa.     Pop,  1205. 

Maluesinum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mauvezin. 

Malu'gin  Grove,  a  decayed  village  of  Lee  co,.  111,,  1 
mile  from  Compton  Station,     It  has  a  church, 

Malva,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Mulweeya. 

Malvaglia,  mil-vil'yS,,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Ticino,  9  miles  N,  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  1567. 

Malvagna,  m3,l-v8.n'yi,  a  village  of  Sicily,  situated  on 
the  side  of  one  of  the  hills  of  Mount  Etna,     Pop,  1447, 

Malvasia,  Napoli  di,  Greece,    See  MoNEjtvAsiA, 

Malvern,  maw'v^rn,  or  Great  Malvern,  a  watering- 
place  and  town  of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wor- 
cester, at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  B.  declivity  of  the 
Malvern  Hills.  The  village  has  handsome  hotels  and  pri- 
vate houses,  museum,  good  baths,  and  a  fine  abbey  church. 
Of  the  abbey,  founded  in  1083,  few  vestiges  remain.  Me- 
dicinal springs  here  attract  many  invalids.     Pop,  5693. 

Mal'vern,  or  Mal'vern  Junction,  a  post-village  of 
Hot  Spring  co,,  Ark,,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain 
Railroad,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  IJ  miles 
from  Rockport.  The  Hot  Springs  Railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  the  famous  Hot  Springs,  25  miles  distant.  It 
has  a  pop, (1890)  of  1520. 

Malvern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  in  Clyde 
township,  7  miles  N,E,  of  Morrison,     It  has  a  church, 

Malvern,  a  post-village  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  in  Silver 
Creek  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.  of  Glenwood,  and  about  27  miles  S,E.  of 
Omaha,  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  2  banks,  and  2 
newspaper-offices.     Pop,  in  1890,  1003. 

Malvern,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Carroll  co., 
0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  77  miles  S,S,E,  of  Cleve- 
land.    Pop.  269. 

Malvern,  a  post-village  in  Chester  co,,  Pa,,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  at 
the  junction  of  the  West  Chester  Railroad. 

Mal'vern,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
N.W,  of  Highland  Creek,     Pop,  125. 

Mal'vern  Hill,  a  battle-field  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  about 
1  mile  from  James  River,  and  11  miles  S.S.E,  of  Richmond, 
Here  occurred  a  battle  between  the  Confederate  and  Union 
armies  on  the  Ist  of  July,  1862,  in  which  the  former  was 
repulsed  with  severe  loss, 

Malvern  (maw'v§rn)  Hills,  England,  separate  the  co. 
of  Worcester  from  Herefordshire  and  Monmouthshire,  and 
are  nearly  9  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S. 

Malvern  Junction,  Ark.    See  Malvern. 

Malvitto,  mil-vit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
senza,  16  miles  S,S,W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop,  1656, 

Malwah,  mawl'wi  (i.e.,  the  "mountainous  country"). 


an  old  province  of  India,  mostly  between  lat.  22°  and  26* 
N.  and  Ion,  74°  and  80°  E,,  enclosed  by  the  provinces  of 
Rajpootana,  Agra,  Allahabad,  Candeish,  and  Guzerat,  Its 
central  part  is  a  table-land  between  its  chief  rivers  the 
Chumbul  in  the  N,  and  Nerbudda  in  the  S,,  and  watered 
by  the  Sind  and  Betwah,  affluents  of  the  Jumna.  This 
province  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  Bheel  race,  and  was 
formerly  that  of  the  Mahrattas,  It  is  mostly  subdivided 
among  the  dominions  of  Gwalior,  Indore,  and  Bhopaul, 

Malwah,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  the  native  state 
of  Putteeala,  in  India, 

3Ialwan,  m3,rw&n',  or  Soonderdroog,  soon-d^r- 
droog',  a  town  and  fortified  island  of  British  India,  on  the 
Malabar  coast,  50  miles  N.N,W.  of  Goa,     Pop,  13,218, 

Malyi,  mil-yee',  or  Maloi,  mi-loy',  an  island  of  Si- 
beria, in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  about  46  miles  S,S,E,  of  the 
island  of  Kotelnoi,     Much  fossil  ivory  is  found  on  it. 

Malzeville,  mirzeh-veel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  on  the  Meurthe,  15  miles  E.  of  Nancy. 
Pop.  2354. 

Malzieu,  or  Le  Malzieu,  I^h  mirze-uh',  a  village 
of  France,  in  LozSre,  26  miles  N,  of  Marvejols.     Pop.  960. 

Mama,  m&-m&',  two  rivers  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  the 
N.E.  of  the  government  of  Irkootsk,  called  Verkhnee- 
Mama  and  Nizhnee-Mama.  The  former,  the  larger  of  the 
two,  has  a  course  of  above  100  miles ;  both  join  the  Vitim. 

Mamadish,  Mamadisch,  m&-mS,-dish'  or  mS,-m&- 
deosh',  or  Mamadsych,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  87  miles  E,  of  Kasan,  on  the  Viatka.     Pop.  4123. 

Mamaka'ting,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co,,  N.Y.  Pop. 
4116,     It  contains  Wurtsborough. 

Mamangnape,  m&-m&n-gw9,'pi,,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
enters  the  Atlantic  25  miles  N,  of  Parahiba,  after  an  E. 
course  of  130  miles. 

Mamanguape,  m3,-m&n-gw&'p&,  or  Montemor, 
mon-ti-moR',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  45  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Parahiba,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 

Mamar'oneck,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Mamaroneck  township,  finely  situated  on  Long  Island 
Sound  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot  in  New  York. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  many  elegant  villas  and  residences. 
Pop,  of  the  township,  1431. 

Mambucaba,  mim-boo-kJL'bS,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  78  miles  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  river  Mambucaba. 
Pop.  4000, 

Mamers,  mJl^maiR'  (L.  Mamerda),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Sarthe,  28  miles  N,N,E,  of  Le  Mans.  Pop.  5147.  It 
has  a  fine  church,  and  manufactures  of  hempen,  cotton, 
and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery,  leather,  and  paper. 

Mamhole,  a  hamlet  of  England.    See  Manhoel. 

Mamiiia,  m4-meen'yft,  a  large  Indian  town  of  Peru, 
province  of  Tarapaca,  lat,  20°  4'  48"  S,  It  has  clear,  boil- 
ing sulphur  springs,  and  near  it  gypsum,  alum,  and  car- 
bonate of  sodium  abound. 

Mam  m  ell  e,  mimknill',  a  creek  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark., 
flows  into  the  Arkansas  above  Little  Rock. 

Mammola,  mim'mo-lS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  7i  miles  N.  of  Gerace,     Pop,  7804. 

Mammorah,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Mehediah. 

Mam'moth,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana, 
near  the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  of  Wyoming,  in  the  Great 
National  Park. 

Mammoth  Cave,  a  summer  resort  of  Calaveras  co., 
Cal.,  12  miles  from  San  Andreas,  and  13  miles  from  the  Big 
Trees,  Here  is  an  extensive  cavern  with  more  than  20 
large  halls  and  a  subterranean  lake,  A  hotel  has  becF 
built  here. 

Mammoth  Cave,  a  great  cavern  in  Edmondson  cu., 
Ky.,  is  near  Green  River,  6  miles  from  Cave  City,  and  about 
28  miles  E,N,E.  of  Bowling  Green.  The  cave  consists  of 
a  remarkable  succession  of  irregular  chambers,  situated  in 
difierent  levels  or  stories,  some  of  which  are  traversed  by 
navigable  branches  of  the  subterranean  Echo  River,  Many 
of  the  halls  are  of  great  size,  and  others  of  remarkable 
beauty.  Great  interest  attaches  to  the  blind  fishes,  crus- 
taceans, and  insects  found  in  the  cave,  which  is  a  noted 
place  of  resort. 

Mammoth  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.,  at 
a  large  spring,  6  miles  from  Eminence.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Mamojada,  mi-mo-yi'di,  a  village  on  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  S.S.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2086. 

Mamore,  m4-mo-r4',  or  Marmore,  maR-mo-ri',  com- 
monly called  Rio  Grande,  ree'o  gr&n'd4,  by  the  Span- 
iards, a  river  of  Bolivia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Guapai  and  Chapari,  after  a  N,  course  of  500  miles  joins 


MAM 


1747 


MAN 


the  Beni  to  form  the  Madeira.  Some  geographers  regard 
the  Guapai  (called  also  the  Rio  Grande)  as  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  Mamore.  It  offers  a  great  extent  of  navigable 
water.     See  Rio  Grande. 

Mainpanwa,  mllm-p&n'w&,  or  Mainpawa,  m&m- 
pi'wi,  a  maritime  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  on  the 
river  Mampanwa.     Lat.  0°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  E. 

Mam're,  a  township  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn.   Pop.  356. 

Mana,  a  river  of  French  Guiana.     See  Amaribo. 

Mauaar  (mi-naR')  Island,  immediately  W.  of  the  N. 
part  of  Ceylon,  is  18  miles  in  length  by  2i  miles  across. 
See  QcLF  op  Manaar. 

Manabif  or  Mauavi,  m2,'n&-Bee,  a  province  of  Ecua- 
dor, on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  bounded  W.  by  the 
Pacific.  Area,  5761  square  miles.  Capital,  Puerto  Yiejo. 
Pop.  67,852. 

Manabi,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Puerto  Viejo. 

Ma^nack',  a  station  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
bama River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Montgoiuery. 

Maiiacor,  inS,-n3,-koR',  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Ma- 
jorca, 30  miles  E.  of  Palma.  It  has  several  spacious 
squares,  and  wide,  well-kept  streets.  Its  buildings  are  sub- 
stantial ;  the  most  important  are  the  palace  of  the  ancient 
kings  of  the  country,  a  large  parish  church,  a  chapel  of  ease, 
town  house,  prison,  2  schools,  and  a  hospital.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  has  manufactures  of  brandy,  wine,  oil,  and  verdi- 
gris, and  a  trade  in  grain,  oil,  cattle,  and  fruits.     P.  10,438. 

Man'ada  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in 
West  Hanover  township,  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Harris- 
burg.     It  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Manado,  a  town  of  Celebes.    See  Menado. 

Managua,  a  lake  of  Nicaragua.     See  Leon. 

Managua,  mi-ni'gwi,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Nica- 
ragua, of  which  it  is  the  capital,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake 
Leon  (or  Managua),  in  lat.  12°  7'  N.,  Ion.  86°  12'  W.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  national  palace,  city  hall,  and 
prison,  and  a  trade  in  coffee.     Pop.  18,000. 

Manah,  mi'ni,  a  village  of  Northern  India,  Gurhwal, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Gangootri,  and  an  important  seat  of  the 
trade  with  Thibet, 

Man^ahaw'kin,  or  Man^ahock'ing,  a  post-village 
of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Stafiford  township,  on  the  Tuokerton 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Toms  River,  and  4  miles  from  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  689. 

Manaia,  Cook  Islands.     See  Mangaia. 

Manaima,  m&-ni'm&,  a  town  of  India,  Allahabad  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  6146, 

Man'akin,  a  village  of  Goochland  oo.,  Va.,  near  the 
James  River,  and  on  the  James  River  Canal,  about  17 
miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  coal-mines  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Manakoo,  Manakou,  mi-n^-koo',  Manukau,  or 
Symond's  (si'mondz)  Harbor,  a  fine  harbor  of  New 
Zealand,  North  Island,  on  its  W.  coast.  Lat.  37°  S. ;  Ion. 
174°  30'  E. 

Man^akpoor'  Chaurgoon,  ch6wr-goon',  a  town  of 
India,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3347. 

Manal'apan,  a  post-township  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J., 
about  24  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  is  intersected  by  the  Free- 
hold &  Jamesburg  Railroad,  and  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Manalapan  River.  It  contains  a  village  named  English- 
town.  Pop.  2286.  Manalapan  Station  is  3  miles  W.  of 
Freehold. 

Manalapan  River,  or  South  River,  New  Jersey, 
rises  in  Monmouth  co.,  runs  northward  in  Middlesex  co., 
and  enters  the  Raritan  River  4  miles  below  New  Brunswick. 
It  is  a  navigable  tidal  stream  in  its  lower  course. 

Manal'apanviHe,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
in  Manalapan  and  Millstone  townships,  about  IS  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage- 
factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Manalipa,  or  Malinipa.    See  Coco. 

Manama,  m&-ni'm&,  a  town  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  at 
the  northern  extremity  of  the  island  of  Bahrein,  of  which 
It  is  the  capital. 

Manamus'kin,  or  Manumus'kin,  a  post-oflSoe  and 
itation  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Millville. 

Manan.    See  Grand  Manan. 

Mananah,  ma-nah'na,  a  post-village  in  Mananah 
township.  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Crow 
Rrver,  near  Lake  Koronis,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Cloud, 
and  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  637. 

Manan'tico  Creek,  of  Cumberland  oo.,  N.J.,  flows 
into  Maurice  River. 


Mananzary,  or  Mananzari,  mi-n&n-z&'ree',  a  town 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small 
river  of  its  own  name.     Lat.  21°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  20'  E. 

Mandos,  m&-n&'oce,  formerly  Uarra  do  Rio  Negro, 
a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Amazonas,  on  the 
Rio  Negro,  10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Amazon.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade  in  the  products  of  Northern 
Brazil,  and  has  a  palace,  a  fine  cathedral,  a  priests'  sem- 
inary and  industrial  school,  many  fine  houses,  and  a  saw- 
mill, brick-  and  tile-works,  Ac.     Pop.  5000. 

Man^apar',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Dindigul. 

Manaria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Meloria. 

Manasarowar,  m4-n&-s&-ro-war',  or  Tso-Maph- 
am,  tso-m&r&m,  a  lake  of  Thibet,  noted  in  Hindoo  sacred 
legends,  280  miles  E.N.E.  of  Delhi,  lat,  30°  40'  N.,  Ion.  87*> 
30'  E.,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Kailas,  15,200  feet  above  sea- 
level.  It  forms  nearly  a  circle,  about  15  miles  in  diame- 
ter, and  is  one  of  the  head  sources  of  the  river  Sutlej,  pour 
ing  its  waters  into  Lake  Ravana-IIrada. 

Man^asquan',  formerly  Squan,  a  post-village  and 
bathing-place  in  Wall  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Long  Branch  division  of  the  Central  Rail- 
road, 12i  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch,  and  about  i  mile  from 
the  ocean.  It  has  4  churches,  several  boarding-houses,  a 
sash-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  900. 

Manasquan  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on 
the  boundary  between  Monmouth  and  Ocean  cos. 

Manas'sas,  a  hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Easton.     It  has  a  church. 

Manassas  (formerly  Manassas  Junction),  a  post- 
village  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland 
<fc  Great  Southern  Railroad,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washing- 
ton, and  27  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  is  the  junction  and 
E.  terminus  of  the  Manassas  division  of  the  same  road.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Manassas  Gap,  Virginia.    See  Linden. 

Man^ataw'ny,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Oley  township,  about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading.  It  hai 
2  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Manatawuy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Berks 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill  River  at  Pottstown. 

Man^atee',  a  large  county  in  the  peninsula  of  Florida, 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  inter- 
sected by  Pease  Creek.  Charlotte  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  the 
sea  (or  gulf),  extends  far  into  the  interior  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle,  which  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  Area  of  the  county,  1240  square 
miles.  Capital,  Braidentown.  Pop.  in  1870,  1931 ;  in 
1880,  3544;  in  1890,2895. 

Manatee,  a  scattered  post-village  of  Manatee  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Manatee  River,  near  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  about  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tampa.  It  has  a  church 
Steamers  visit  this  place  twice  in  a  week. 

Manauli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Manolee. 

Mauavghat,  m3,n-&v-gh&t',  or  Menovghat,  mdn- 
ov-ghit',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  vilayet  of  Adana,  on  the 
Manavghat  River  (anc.  Me'laa),  30  miles  N.W.  of  Alayw 

Manavi,  Ecuador.    See  Manabi. 

Manawa,  ma-naw'wa,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Little  Wolf  River,  50  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Green  Bay,  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
<fcc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Manawa- TaAvi  Islands.    See  Three  Kings. 

Manawatu,  mi,-n&-w&-too',  a  river  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island,  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  highest  moun- 
tain-range in  the  island,  and  enters  Cook  Strait.  On  a 
bar  at  its  mouth  there  are  only  7  feet  of  water  at  low 
tide ;  but  inside  the  bar  there  is  depth  enough  for  small 
vessels  for  about  50  miles. 

Manayunk,  uian-a-yiink',  a  station  in  MiJQSin  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Manayunk,  a  northwestern  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  21st  ward  of  the  city,  is  on  the  loft  (east)  bank  of  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  and 
Pennsylvania  Railroads,  respectively  8.2  and  8.9  milei 
from  their  initial  stations  in  Philadelphia.  Street  railways 
also  connect  it  with  Philadelphia.  It  is  just  above  the 
mouth  of  Wissahickon  Creek.  Here  are  2  paper-mills, 
and  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
carpets,  Ac.  Nearly  5000  persons  are  employed  in  these 
factories.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It 
has  8  churches  and  a  savings-bank.  Manayunk  Po6t-O£5o« 
is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-oflioe. 


MAN 


1748 


MAN 


Manbhoom,  Manbhum,  min'bhoom  or  Mann'- 
bhoom,  a  district  of  Bengal,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  Lat.  22° 
37'-24°  N.;  Ion.  85°  51'-87°  16'  E.  Area,  4914  square 
miles.  It  has  a  broken  surface ;  but  the  soil  of  the  lower 
levels  is  excellent.     Capital,  Purulia.     Pop.  995,570. 

Mancas,  La  Plata  co..  Col.    See  Mangos. 

Man^celo'na,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Antrim 
eo.,  Mich,,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fe  Indiana  Railroad,  150 
miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Elk  Rapids. 
It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  108. 

Manchac,  hamlet,  Louisiana.    See  Pass  Manchac. 

Manchac  (man'shSk)  Bayou,  Louisiana,  a  stream 
forming  the  S.  boundary  of  East  Baton  Rouge,  communicates 
with  the  Mississippi  on  the  W.  and  with  the  Amite  on  the 
E.     A  small  steamboat  plies  between  its  extremities. 

Mancha,  La,  Spain.     See  La  Mancha. 

Mancha-Real,  m3,n'ehi-ri-S.l',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  7  miles  E.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  5115.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linens  and  woollens. 

Man^chaug',  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Sutton  township,  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  city  of 
Worcester.     It  has  a  church. 

Manche,  m6\sh,  a  maritime  department  of  France,  in 
the  N.W.,  on  the  Manche,  or  English  Channel,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Normandy.  Area,  226.3  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  513,815.  Principal  rivers,  the  Vire, 
Taute,  Douve,  Merderet,  and  Selune,  all  navigable.  On  its 
coasts  are  Cape  la  Hague  and  Cape  Barfleur,  or  Raz  de 
Gatteville.  Soil  marshy  in  parts  of  the  interior,  but  fer- 
tile in  grain,  lint,  hemp,  and  apples  for  cider.  The  horses 
in  this  department  are  considered  the  best  in  France ;  cattle 
are  excellent.  Chief  industry,  manufactures  of  iron,  cop- 
per, and  zinc,  cloth,  linens,  cottons,  and  lace.  It  was  in- 
cluded in  the  territory  which  the  Normans  wrested  from 
Charles  the  Simple  in  the  tenth  century.  Along  with  the 
other  dominions  of  William  the  Conqueror,  it  remained  for 
centuries  subject  to  the  kings  of  England,  who,  however, 
held  it  under  the  crown  of  France.  It  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Avranches,  Cherbourg,  Coutanoes,  Saint- 
L6,  Mortain,  and  Valognes.     Capital,  Saint-Ld. 

Man'chester  (anc.  Mancu'nium),  a  city  of  England, 
in  the  S.E.  division  of  the  co.  of  Lancaster,  164  miles 
N.N.W.  of  London.  Pop.  of  city  within  municipal  limits 
(1891),  605,343.  It  sends  six  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  A  charter  of  incorporation  was  granted  to  the 
town  in  1838;  since  that  time  several  acts  have  been 
passed  for  its  improvement,  and  in  1852  it  was  made  a 
city.  It  stands  on  the  river  Irwell,  and  has  of  late  rapidly 
improved  in  appearance.  The  streets  are  well  paved,  sew- 
ered, and  lighted.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with  water, 
two  systems  of  water-works  being  established, — one  at 
Blackstone  Edge,  20  miles  from  the  city,  with  a  total 
capacity  of  3,828,000,000  gallons,  and  a  daily  supply  of 
about  25,000,000  gallons;  the  other  at  Lake  Thirlmere,  in 
Cumberland,  about  80  miles  from  the  city,  with  a  daily 
supply  of  60,000,000  gallons.  The  principal  public  build- 
ings of  the  city  are  the  town  hall,  of  Gothic  structure, 
completed  in  1883  at  a  cost  of  £1,053,264,  with  an  area  of 
8648  square  yards,  a  tower  286  feet  high,  a  peal  of  21  bells, 
and  250  apartments ;  the  royal  exchange,  covering  an  area 
of  1668  square  yards;  the  royal  institution,  an  edifice  of 
the  Ionic  order;  the  theatre  royal,  and  the  free-trade  hall, 
built  in  the  Lombardo- Venetian  style  and  affording  space 
for  nearly  5000  persons.  In  1870  the  Alexandra  Park  was 
acquired  for  the  public  at  a  cost  of  £60,000.  A  large  aqua- 
rium has  been  constructed  in  the  park.  Manchester  is  rich 
in  charitable  endowments  for  educational  and  other  pur- 
poses. It  has  a  very  commodious  infirmary  and  numerous 
hospitals,  a  museum  of  natural  history.  Reform  and  several 
other  club-houses,  county  assize  courts  in  decorated  Gothic 
built  at  a  cost  of  £100,000,  the  great  hall  of  which  is  100 
feet  long,  48^  feet  wide,  and  75  feet  high  ;  police  and  ses- 
sions court,  market  hall,  borough  jail,  and  a  county  jail. 
Many  societies  have  been  established  in  Manchester,  of 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  statistical  society,  the  literary 
and  philosophical  society,  the  field  naturalists'  society,  and 
the  geological  society.  The  city  possesses  a  fine  free  refer- 
ence library,  occupying  the  old  town  hall,  a  building  erected 
on  the  model  of  the  Temple  of  Erechtheus  at  Athens,  con- 
taining 198,000  volumes ;  six  branch  libraries  with  reading 
rooms;  the  Whitworth  Library  (1890),  incorporated  with 
the  technical  school  and  school  of  art.  In  addition  to 
these  there  are  18  private  libraries,  among  them  the  Chet- 
ham  Library,  founded  by  Humphrey  Chetham  in  1653, 
containing  30,000  volumes,  with  many  rare  books  and  MSS. 
It  was  the  first  free  library  in  England  and  Europe.  The 
mechanics'  institution  and  the  Athenaeum  are  large  and 


handsome  buildings,  devoted  to  education,  and  in  each  of 
them  is  an  excellent  library.  The  city  has  recently  made 
rapid  strides  in  the  advancement  of  education.  Among  it« 
educational  institutions  are  the  grammar  school  (the  most 
ancient),  founded  in  1515,  with  scholarships  at  Oxford 
and  Cambridge  Universities,  the  Chetham  Hospital  School, 
founded  in  1651,  for  maintaining,  educating,  and  bringing 
up  45  (since  increased  to  100)  boys  ;  Owens  College,  founded 
in  18-16  under  the  will  of  John  Owens  and  endowed"  with 
£100,000.  In  1880  the  Victoria  University  was  founded 
under  royal  charter,  Owens  College  being  now  one  of  its 
colleges.  The  University  has  power  to  confer  degrees  in 
surgery  and  medicine.  The  Technical  School,  incorporated 
in  1883  with  the  Mechanics'  Institution,  and  the  Whit- 
worth Institute,  founded  in  1890,  are  great  institutions. 
In  addition  it  is  the  seat  of  the  Lancashire  Independents' 
College,  the  Primitive  Methodists'  College,  St.  Bede's  Roman 
Catholic  College,  Ac.  There  are  also  50  board  schools,  con- 
ducted under  the  management  of  the  Manchester  school 
board,  and  about  140  elementary  schools,  with  nearly  82,000 
scholars.  There  is  a  flourishing  school  of  art.  Several 
ragged  schools  are  in  successful  operation.  There  are 
upwards  of  a  dozen  public  baths  and  wash-houses.  The 
bishopric  of  Manchester  was  created  in  1847,  and  the 
diocese  placed  in  the  province  of  York.  The  collegiate 
church  became  the  cathedral;  this  is  a  large  and  elaborately 
ornamented  Gothic  structure,  founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
v.,  and  recently  restored  in  its  original  style,  with  a  peal 
of  10  bells.  The  city  comprises  nearly  200  churches  and 
chapels.  Manchester  is  the  chief  market  of  the  cotton-trade, 
the  principal  cotton-mills  being  located  outside  of  the  city. 
About  700  diff'erent  industries  are  carried  on  in  the  dis- 
trict; among  them  woollen,  silk,  and  machinery  lead.  The 
number  of  mills  has  been  estimated  at  250.  In  the  seven- 
teenth century  the  cotton-trade  began  its  rise,  and  has 
gradually  progressed.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  among 
the  most  influential  of  institutions  of  this  kind  in  the  king- 
dom. Manchester  is  the  centre  of  a  large  number  of  rail-  _ 
way  lines.  The  Bridgewater  Canal  connects  the  city  with 
Liverpool,  and  the  Irwell  is  navigable  for  heavy  barges. 
In  1887-93  the  gigantic  engineering  scheme  to  connect 
Manchester  with  Liverpool  and  the  ocean  by  means  of  a 
ship-canal  was  carried  out  at  a  cost  of  £15,000,000,  thereby 
making  it  a  seaport.  The  principal  market  is  Smithfield ; 
and  a  vegetable-market  (area,  nearly  four  acres),  with  a 
glass  roof,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  kingdom. 
^  In  continuation  with  the  city,  so  as  to  form  virtually  one 
town,  is  Salford,  a  township  of  Manchester  parish,  and  a 
parliamentary  and  municipal  borough,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river,  over  which  there  are  5  bridges,  connecting  it  with 
Manchester.  It  is  in  the  county  of  Lancaster,  and  has  a 
pop.  of  204,622.  The  streets  are  well  paved  and  lighted. 
It  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  A 
municipal  charter  was  granted  to  it  in  1844,  and  it  has  the 
same  facilities  of  communication  as  Manchester.  It  con- 
tains Peel  Park,  in  which  are  a  free  lending  library  of 
30,000  volumes,  a  reading-room,  and  a  well-arranged  mu- 
seum. The  principal  public  buildings  are  St.  John's  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  the  town  hall,  and  the  new  bailey  or 
house  of  correction.  Quarter  sessions  are  held  here.  Sal- 
ford  possesses  a  court  of  record  and  a  county  court.  Two 
very  useful  and  successful  institutions  are  the  Salford  & 
Pendleton  Royal  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  established  in 
1827,  and  the  workingmen's  college,  founded  in  1858. 
There  are  several  endowed  charities  and  bonding  ware- 
houses. The  manufactures  are  varied.  The  pop.  of  Man- 
chester and  Salford  in  1800  was  only  24,867. 

Man'chester,  a  post-oflSce  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Hockanum  River,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Hartford.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
The  township  contains  7  churches,  paper-mills,  cotton- 
mills,  and  woollen-,  silk-,  gingham-,  and  stockinet-facto- 
ries.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  8222. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  111.,  17  miles 
byrailS.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.   It  has  3  churches.   Pop.  408. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  eo.,  Ind., 
about  28  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Aurora.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Manchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delaware  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Maquoketa  River,  47  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Dubuque.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  publio 
hall,  2  banks,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  mowers,  starch,  Ac.     Pop.  2344. 

Manchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ky., 
on  Collins  or  Goose  Creek,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexing- 
ton.    It  has  2  churches  and  several  manufactories  of  salt 


MAN 


1749 


MAN 


Manchester,  a  post-borough  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  about 
34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  West- 
minster. It  has  au  aoadomj,  5  churohes,  and  a  savings- 
bank.     Pop.  755. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
Gloucester  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs 
and  cabinet-furniture,  &e.  It  is  a  popular  seaside  resort, 
and  has  several  fine  beaches  and  bold  promontories.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1560.  Here  is  a  noted  mass  of  rooks  in 
the  sea,  called  Norman's  Woe. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township, 
Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Detroit, 
Hillsdale  &  Indiana  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Jack- 
son Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit,  and  25  miles  N.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSoe,  a  bank,  a  brewery,  2 
planing-mills,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  perfumery,  ploughs,  sash,  doors,  Ac.  Pop.  about  1600; 
of  the  township,  2509. 

Manchester,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
a  few  miles  W.  of  Albert  Lea.     Pop.  of  the  township,  721. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Bonhomme  township^  3  miles  from  Meramec  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Manchester,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  is  situated  on  the  Merrimac  River,  16  miles  S. 
of  Concord,  and  69  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  is  on  the  Con- 
cord Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  3  other  railroads, — 
namely,  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth,  the  Manchester  & 
Lawrence,  and  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare.  It  is  the 
most  populous  city  of  the  state.  Its  site  is  a  plain,  elevated 
90  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  river.  The  principal  street, 
which  is  100  feet  wide,  extends  N.  and  S.,  parallel  to  the 
river.  The  city  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  8 
hotels,  a  Catholic  orphan  asylum,  a  convent,  4  national  banks, 
5  savings-banks,  a  state  reform  school,  a  high  school,  and  a 
free  public  library.  Three  daily  and  9  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Manchester  has  several  public  parks, 
a  system  of  water-works  which  cost  $600,000,  and  a  paid 
fire  department  with  4  steam  fire-engines.  The  river,  which 
here  falls  54  feet,  afifords  great  hydraulic  power,  which  is 
employed  in  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
goods.  The  chief  of  its  several  large  corporations  are  the 
Amoskeag  Manufacturing  Company  the  Langdon  Mills, 
the  Manchester  Mills,  the  Stark  Mills,  and  the  Namaske 
Mills,  which  manufacture  sheetings,  drillings,  delaines, 
seamless  bags,  <Jbo.  The  capital  invested  in  manufactures 
in  1890  was  returned  at  $21,462,683;  hands  employed, 
14,467;  value  of  product,  $18,654,547.  Its  minor  manu- 
factures embrace  steam-engines,  locomotives,  linen  goods, 
hosiery,  paper,  edge-tools,  carriages,  shoes,  soap,  machinery, 
leather,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1850,  13,932;  in  1860,  20,107;  in 
1870,  23,536;  in  1880,  32,630;  in  1890,  44,126. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Man- 
chester township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Long  Branch,  and  at  the  junction  of  the 
Toms  River  Branch,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Toms  River.  It  has 
3  churches,  an  academy,  a  bagging-factory,  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1057. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Passaic  oo.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1166.     It  contains  Hawthorne. 

Manchester,  or  Kirk'land,  a  village  of  Oneida  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Kirkland  township,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  about  7 
miles  W.  of  Utioa.  It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 
Pop.  158.  Here  is  Kirkland  Post-Oflfice,  also  Kirkland 
Station  on  the  Rome  Branch  of  the  Utioa,  Clinton  &  Bing- 
hamton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Canandaigua  Outlet,  1  mile 
from  Shortsville  Station,  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Geneva.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  250.  The 
township  contains  other  villages,  named  Clifton  Springs  and 
Shortsville,  and  a  pop.  of  3744.  It  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 

Manchester,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Man- 
chester township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below 
Portsmouth,  and  72  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  3 
ehurohea,  2  flouring-mills,  a  national  bank,  2  potteries,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  in  1890,  1966;  of  the 
township,  1988. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.    Pop.  621. 

Manchester,  Preble  oo.,  0.    See  West  Manchester. 


Manchester,  or  Nimis'ila,  a  village  of  Summit  co., 
0.,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Akron.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  mill, 
Ao.    Here  is  Nimisila  Post-OfBce. 

Manchester,  a  suburb  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  2  miles  below  Pittsburg. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  1269.     It  contains  Equinunk. 

Manchester,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Man- 
chester township,  on  or  near  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad  (Mount  Wolf  Station),  8 
miles  N.  of  York.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cigar -factory,  and 
a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  406. 

Manchester,  a  decayed  village  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Sumter  &  Kingsville  Branch 
of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  and 
near  the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 
36  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbia.     Pop.  of  township,  320. 

Manchester,  a  post- village,  capital  of  CoS°ee  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  McMinnville  &  Manchester  Railroad,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Duck  River,  and  60  miles  in  a  direct  line  or  85 
miles  by  railroad  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  court-house, 
a  newspaper  office,  the  Manchester  College,  4  churches,  and 
2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Manchester,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Brazos  River,  opposite  Richmond. 

Manchester,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  is  in  Manchester  township,  on  the 
Battenkill  River,  1  mile  W.  of  Manchester  Station  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Rutland, 
and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  is  about  2  miles 
E.  of  Equinox  Mountain,  and  is  surrounded  by  beantiful 
scenery.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Burr  and  Burton  Seminary, 
and  a  large  hotel.  Fine  marble  is  quarried  near  this  place, 
on  Mount  Elias.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1897. 

Manchester,  a  post-town  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  James  River,  opposite  Richmond,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  several  bridges.  It  has  a  beautiful  situation, 
and  contains  a  number  of  elegant  residences,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  5  churches.  Here  are  several  flour- 
ing-mills, and  manufactories  of  cotton,  iron,  paper,  nails, 
tobacco,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  5729 :  in  1890,  9246. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township. 
Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portage 
City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1285. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.    P.  423. 

Manchester,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  Guysborough 
CO.,  on  Milford  Haven,  formed  by  Chedabucto  Bay,  which 
opens  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  120  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Halifax.     Pop.  500. 

Manchester,  Huron  oo.,  Ontario.    See  Auburn. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Whitby  A  Port  Perry  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Whitby. 
It  contains  several  hotels  and  stores,  and  is  a  good  grain- 
market.     Pop.  300. 

Manchester  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  La  Grange 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  about 
4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
paper-mill. 

Manchester  Centre,  also  called  Coons'ville,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  2J  miles  from  Shortsville 
Station,  and  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Canandaigua,  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Manchester  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Manchester  township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  carriage-shop, 
a  furniture-factory,  marble-works,  and  marble-quarries. 

Manchester  Junction,  or  Wateree  Junction, 
a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Rail- 
road, near  Manchester  and  Wateree,  at  the  Junction  with 
a  branch  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad, 
9  miles  E.  of  Kingsville. 

Manchooria,  Mantchooria,  man-ohoo're-^ 
Mandshooria,  or  Mandchouria  (Chinese,  Leao- 
Tong  or  Liao-Toung,  le-4'o-toong,  Saghalien,  8&-g&-lee'in, 
or  Saghalin,  s4-g4-leen',  and  Kirin-Oola,  kee^reen-oo'l4; 
Fr.  Pays  dea  Mandehoux  or  Mantchout,  p4  dft  m&s'ohoo', 
"  country  of  the  Manchoos,"  Mandtchuret,  or  Mantchourie, 
mftM^choo^ree' ;  Ger.  Mandtchourei,  m4nt-shoo'rI),  an  ex- 
tensive region  of  East  Asia,  forming  a  division  of  the  Chi- 
nese empire,  between  lat.  39°  and  49°  N.  and  Ion.  120' 
and  133°  E.,  having  S.  Corea  and  the  Yellow  Sea,  W.  Mon- 
golia and  the  Russian  territories,  and  N.  and  E.  the  Russian 


i  n^/^^>eJ^ 


.viJ/w.-rviv^cLA^'Vii  > 


t^;|V 


MAN    ^-^^""^  1750 


MAN 


Amoor  provinces.  '  Area,  360,000  square  miles.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  3,000,000.  It  has  of  late  been  greatly  augmented 
by  immigration  from  China.  On  the  N.  it  is  bounded  by 
the  Yablonoi  mountain-chain,  and  westward  is  shut  ofif  from 
Mongolia  by  a  palisade  connected  with  the  Great  Wall  of 
China.  The  country  is  reported  to  send  large  quantities  of 
com,  pease,  and  ginseng  to  China,  besides  which  its  principal 
products  comprise  rhubarb,  timber,  and  live-stock.  It  con- 
sists of  three  provinces,  Leao-Tong,  Kirin,  and  Tsistsi-Har, 
in  the  two  last  of  which  the  population  are  chiefly  nomadic. 
The  government  is  strictly  military,  except  in  Leao-Tong, 
where  it  is  organized  as  in  China.  The  Manchoos  are  a 
Tungusian  race.  In  the  seventeenth  century  they  in- 
vaded China  and  placed  their  leader's  son  upon  the  throne. 
Since  that  time  the  Manchoo  dynasty  has  continued  to 
reign  in  China,  and  the  Manchoo  language  has  become 
the  court  and  the  oflBcial  language.  Principal  towns,  Mook- 
den   (Leao-Tong),   Kirin-Oola,   Saghalin-Oola,   Kin-Choo, 

Fung-Whang-Ching,  and  New-Chwang. Adj.andinhab. 

Man^choo'  or  Man^tchoo'  (Fr.  Mandchou,  m6Nd*8hoo',  or 
Manchou,  m&N^shoo'). 

Manciet,  m6N<»^se-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gers,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Condom,     Pop.  1916. 

Man'cos,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montezuma  oo.,  Col.,  40 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Durango. 

Mancunium,  the  ancient  name  of  Manchester. 

Mandal,  min'dil,  the  most  S.  town  of  Norway,  stift 
and  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Christiansand,  on  the  Skager-Rack, 
with  a  port  17  miles  E.  of  the  Naze.     Pop.  3838. 

Man'dalayj  a  city  of  India,  the  capital  of  Burmah,  6 
miles  N.  of  Amarapoora,  and  about  2  miles  from  the  Irra- 
waddy.  Pop.  about  90,000.  It  has  palaces,  convents,  and 
pagodas,  one  of  the  latter  containing  a  brazen  image  of 
Booddha,  much  venerated,  also  a  meteorological  observatory 
built  in  1886.     Pop.  in  1891,  187,910. 

Man'damin,  a  post- village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  51  miles  W.  of  London. 

Manda'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Skaneateles  Lake,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn. 

Mandara,  min-di'ri,  a  state  of  Central  Africa,  S.  of 
Bornoo.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  It  is  fertile  in  fruits, 
and  abounds  in  forests  and  lakes.  The  inhabitants  are  a 
superior  race  of  Mohammedans,  who  manufacture  iron 
wares  which  they  export  into  Bornoo,  and  have  a  pretty 
formidable  array  of  cavalry.  Mora  is  the  principal  town 
and  the  residence  of  the  chief. 

Man'darin,  a  post-village  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  4  churches  and  large  orange-groves.  The 
river  is  here  nearly  8  miles  wide. 

Mandas,  m&n'd&s,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  30 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1991. 

Mandavee)  or  Mandivee,  min'dg,-vee\  the  principal 
seaport  town  of  Cutch,  India,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch,  about 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bhooj.  Lat.  22°  50'  N.;  Ion.  69°  27'  E. 
Pop.  50,000.  It  is  fortified,  has  an  open  roadstead,  and  an 
active  trade  with  Sinde,  Malabar,  the  Persian  Gulf,  Arabia, 
and  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  as  far  as  Zanzibar,  besides  a 
large  inland  trade.  Its  exports  comprise  cotton,  silk,  and 
other  piece-goods;  imports,  bullion,  ivory,  hides,  dates, 
cocoa-nuts,  grain,  and  timber. 

Mandciiouria,or  Mandshooria.  See  Manchooria. 

Mandel,  min-dSI',  an  island  off  the  E.  coast  of  Su- 
matra, 70  miles  S.W.  of  Singapore. 

Mandello,  min-dSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.B. 
of  Como,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Lecco.     Pop.  1097. 

Mandeo,  min-di'o,  a  river  of  Spain,  falls  by  a  wide 
mouth  into  the  Atlantic  at  Corunna.     Length,  36  miles. 

Mandetivoe,  minM§h-te-voo',  or  Leyden,  U'd^n,  an 
island  in  Palk's  Strait,  N.W.  of  Ceylon,  having  a  port  called 
Eaits.     It  is  populous  and  fruitful. 

Mandevilie,  man'de-vil,  a  station  of  Miller  co..  Ark., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  6i 
miles  N.E.  of  Texarkana. 

Mandeville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Tammany  parish. 
La.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  30  miles  N.  of 
New  Orleans.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1880,  753;  in  1890,  1012. 

Mandeville,  a  small  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Mandfirei,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Flores. 

Mandliar,  min-d'har',  a  small  native  state  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Celebes,  productive  of  maize,  cotton,  cocoa-nuts, 
and  oil.  Its  commerce  by  sea  is  active ;  but  the  country  is 
little  known.  The  people  speak  a  peculiar  language,  and 
arepartly  Mohammedans  and  partly  pagans. 

Mandingo,  min-ding'go,  or  San  Bias,  sin  bl4s,  a 


bay  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Isthmui 
of  Panama.     Lat.  9°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  W. 

Mandingos,  man-ding'gfts,  a  tribe  of  West  Africa,  re- 
markable for  their  intelligence,  and,  generally,  for  the  ad- 
vances they  have  made  in  civilization.  The  original  country 
of  this  people,  who  are  now  spread  over  a  great  portion  of 
West  Africa,  was  the  N.  slope  of  the  high  table-land  of 
Senegambia,  between  the  head-waters  of  the  Niger  and 
Senegal.  Their  language  is  more  widely  diflFused  and  mora 
employed  by  translators  than  any  of  the  other  languages  of 
West  Africa.  The  personal  appearance  of  the  Mandingos 
is  prepossessing ;  their  features  are  regular  and  open,  and 
their  figures  well  formed  and  comely,  averaging  a  height 
rather  above  the  common.  Their  religion  is  Mohammedan, 
but  they  are  not  rigid  in  its  observances, 

Mandivee,  a  seaport  of  India.    See  Mandayeb. 

Mando'ta,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Mandow,  minM6w',  or  Mandoo,  min-doo',  a  ruined 
city  of  India,  dominions  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Indore. 

Mandshuria,  or  Mandshooria.    See  Manchooria. 

Mandu,  min-doo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  a  lake  of 
its  own  name,  in  Espirito  Santo,  and  joins  the  Doce  4  miles 
below  the  cataracts  of  Escadonhas.     Length,  100  miles. 

Mandnel)  mANo*dii-41',  almost  m6N"Mw41',  a  village  of 
France,  Gard,  arrondissement  of  Ntmes,  on  the  railway  to 
Beaucaire.     Pop.  1875. 

Manduria,  m4n-doo're-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Otranto.  It  suflFered  much  from 
an  earthquake  in  1783.  Considerable  remains  still  exist  of 
the  old  Manduria,  destroyed  by  Fabius  Maximus  in  the 
second  Punic  War.     Pop.  8733. 

Maneesa,  Manisa,  m&-nee's&,  Manissa,  mi-nis's&, 
or  Manika,  mfl,-nee'k4  (anc.  Mngne'sia  ad  Sip'ylum),  a 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  N.  side  of  Mount  Sipylus,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Smyrna.  It  has  a  citadel  on  a  height, 
and  ancient  walls,  at  the  <foot  of  which  is  the  modern  town. 
It  has  a  great  many  minarets  and  numerous  handsome 
public  buildings,  particularly  the  principal  khan,  which  is 
a  magnificent  structure  of  white  stone.  The  town  has  a 
large  trade  in  cotton,  and  silk  and  cotton  goods  and  goats'- 
hair  shawls  are  manufactured  here.  Pop.  50,000.  The 
mountains  about  Magnesia  were  anciently  famous  for  the 
production  of  the  loadstone,  whence  the  name  "  magnet"  ii 
supposed  to  have  been  derived. 

Maneeyas,  Maniyas,  or  Manias,  mS,-nee^&s',  a 
village  of  Asia  Minor,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brusa,  with 
remains  supposed  to  be  those  of  the  ancient  Poemanenus. 

Maneeyas-  (or  Maniyas-)  Gal,  mi-nee'yis-gil,  or 
Lake  of  Miletopolis,  mi-le-top'o-lis,  a  lake  of  Asia 
Minor,  10  miles  S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Cyzicus. 

Maner,  a  town  of  India.     See  Monkah. 

Manerbio,  m&-ndR'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  4893. 

Manergium,  the  Latin  name  of  Marines. 

Maneru,  mi-nd.-roo',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1104. 

Manetin,  mini-teen'  {unc.  Manetinaf),  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pilsen,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name.     Pop.  1230. 

Manfaloot,  or  Manfalout,  min-fi-loot',  a  town  of 
Upper  Egypt,  province  of  Minieh,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Nile,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Sioot.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  2  Coptic  churches,  woollen-manufactories,  and  a  public 
school. 

Manfooah,  or  Manfouah,  min-foo'i,  a  town  of 
Arabia,  near  its  centre,  450  miles  N.E.  of  Mecca. 

Manfredonia,  man-fre-do'ne-a,  or  min-fri-do'ne-&,  a 
fortified  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Adriatic,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Foggia.  Lat.  41°  38' 
N. ;  Ion.  15°  56'  E.  Pop.  7938.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls 
strengthened  by  large  round  bastions.  Its  port,  sheltered 
by  a  mole  and  defended  by  a  strong  fort,  is  accessible 
only  to  small  vessels.  It  was  founded  by  Manfred  in  the 
thirteenth  century,  1  mile  N.E.  of  the  ancient  Sipontum. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  the  seat  of  considerable  trade,  and  of  a 
fishery.     See  Gulp  op  Manfredonia. 

Manga,  min'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Maranhao, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  river  Iguara  with  the  Moni-Mirim. 
Pop.  3000. 

Mangaia,  min-ghi'i,  or  Mangeea,  min-ghee'i,  one 
of  the  Cook  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  21°  57'  S. ;  Ion. 
158°  W.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  about  30  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Pop.  estimated  at  800. 

Mangalia,  min-gi-lee'i,  or  Mangali,  min-gi-lee', 
a  town  of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Black  Sea,  68  miles  E.S.E.  of  Silistria.     I'op.  5000. 


MAN 


1751 


MAN 


Mangalore^  mang-g%-15r',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  Soutfi  Canara  district,  on  the  W.  coast,  80  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Canan  jre.  Its  port,  formerly  important,  has  become  badly 
silted,  but  there  is  still  a  fair  export  trade  in  rice,  betel,  pep- 
per, cassia,  and  other  products.  The  people  are  partly  Mos- 
lems of  Arabian  descent  and  partly  native  Christians.  The 
town  has  good  Catholic  churches,  a  Protestant  seminary,  a 
hospital,  a  jail,  and  other  public  buildings.     Pop.  18,931. 

Mangaratiba,  min-g&-r&-tee'b&,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  Bay  of 
Angra  dos  Reis. 

Mangee,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Manjee. 

Mangeea,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Mangaia. 

Manglieux,  m5N»Me-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy- 
de-D8me,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1436. 

Mango,  m&n'go,  or  Mangano,  m3,n-g3,'no,  a  village 
of  Italy,  6  miles  from  Alba.     Pop.  1985. 

Mangoalde,  m^n-go-il'd^,  or  Azurara  de  Beira, 
i-zoo-ri'ri  dk  bi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  8  miles  from  Viseu. 

Mango'hick,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  William  co.,  Va., 
about  20  miles  N.B.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Mangola,min-go'li,  or  Mangoli  Xulla,  min-go'lee 
zool'14,  one  of  the  XuUa  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
between  Celebes  and  Coram.  Lat.  (N.  point)  1°  47'  S. ; 
Ion.  126°  3'  E.  It  is  about  60  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad, 
and  is  separated  at  the  W.  end  from  Taliabo  (or  Talyabo) 
by  a  narrow  strait. 

Mangooroo,  Mangourou,  or  Manguru,  m&n^- 
goo-roo',  written  also  Mangoro  and  Mangoure,a  river 
of  Madagascar,  on  the  E.  coast,  formed  by  several  head- 
streams.  It  falls  into  the  sea  at  lat.  20°  8'  S.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  a  considerable  distance. 

Mangrol,Mangroal,ma.n^grol',or  Man^galpoor', 
a  large  town  of  India,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Katty  war.  Lat. 
25°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  28'  E.  It  has  a  fine  mosque  and  a 
large  trade,  though  its  harbor  is  poor. 

Mangry,  a  town  of  India.     See  Maggeri. 

Mangueira,  min-gA'c-rS,,  a  lake  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  between  Lake  Mirim  and  the  ocean. 
It  is  90  miles  long  and  only  4  miles  broad.  It  discharges 
itself  into  the  sea  by  a  small  stream  called  Taim. 

Man'gum,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2465. 

Mangum,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Manguru,  a  river  of  Madagascar.     See  Mangooroo. 

Mangyt,  min-ghit',  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  55  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Khiva.  It  stands  tolerably  high,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  dilapidated  wall. 

Manhas'set,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
Manhasset  (or  Cow)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  5  churches. 

Manhat'tan,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.     Pop.  922. 

Manhattan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  28  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Manhattan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  on  or 
near  Skunk  River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has 
a  flouring-mill. 

Manhattan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Riley  co,,  Kan- 
sas, in  Manhattan  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Blue,  and  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Junction  City,  and  52 
miles  W.  of  Topeka.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, 2  flouring-mills,  2  newspaper  offices,  aud  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  Ac.     Pop  in  1880,  2105  ;  in  1890,  3004. 

Manhattan,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1394. 

Manhattan  Beach,  a  watering-place  of  Kings  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Coney  Island,  and  on  the  ocean,  about  8  miles  S. 
of  Brooklyn,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad. 

Manhattan  Island,  New  York,  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Hudson  River,  which  forms  its  western  boundary.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Harlem  River  and  East  River.  It 
is  about  14  miles  long  and  2i  miles  wide.  The  city  of  New 
York  is  mostly  situated  on  this  island.  The  county  of  New 
York  comprises  Manhattan  and  several  lesser  islands. 

Manhat'tanville,  a  suburb  of  New  York  City,  is  on 
the  Hudson  River,  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  City  Hall.  Here 
is  Manhattan  Station  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  also  a 
lunatic  asylum  founded  by  the  state. 

Manheigan  Island,  Maine.    See  Monhegan. 

Manheim,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Mannheim. 

Manheim,  min'hime,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  in  Leyden  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago. 

Manheim,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded 


S.  by  the  Mohawk  River.     Pop.  2179.    It  contains  a  part 
of  Little  Falls. 

Manheim,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2603.     It  contains  Nefifsville. 

Manheim,  a  post-borough  in  Rapho  township,  Lancas- 
ter CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  &  Columoia  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Columbia,  and  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lancaster. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  6 
churches,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2070. 

Manheim,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.  Pop.  1159.  it  is  traversed  by  the  Baohmar 
Valley  Railroad. 

Manhu-A^u,  min-hoo^-i-soo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  pur- 
sues a  N.E.  course  for  about  220  miles,  and  joins  the  Doce. 

Mani,  mi-nee',  an  Indian  village  of  Yucatan,  97  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Campeachy,  at  which  are  numerous  ruins. 

Maniago,  mi-ne-4'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  milo* 
W.N.W.  of  Udine.    Pop.  3777. 

Manias,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Maneetas. 

Maniatnba,  Brazil.    See  Batlique. 

Manila,  mi-nee'si,  a  town  and  petty  state  of  South- 
east Africa,  tributary  to  the  Portuguese.  The  town  is  140 
miles  N.W.  of  Sofala.  The  principal  products  of  the  country 
aregold-dust,  ivory,  copper,  and  iron. 

Manice,  mi-nee'si  or  mi-neess',  or  King  George 
River,  a  river  of  East  Africa,  flows  S.,  and  falls  into  the 
N.  side  of  Delagoa  Bay. 

Manickpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Manikpoor. 

Manicouagan,  man-e-kwi'gan,  a  river,  lake,  and  bay 
of  Canada,  the  river  (also  called  Black  River)  bringing 
the  surplus  waters  of  several  lakes,  by  a  S.  course  of  150 
miles,  to  Manicouagan  Bay,  in  the  estuary  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 27  miles  below  Bersimis. 

Man^idowish',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  near 
the  N.  boundary  of  the  state,  and  flows  southwestward  into 
Chippewa  River. 

Man'ifest,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Manigod,  mi-ne-god',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
between  lofty  mountains,  E.S.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  1399. 

Maniiki,  m&-nee-ee'kee,  or  Manihiki,  m&-nee-hee'- 
kee,  a  large  group  of  islets  in  the  Pacific,  ranging  westward 
from  the  Marquesas.  Some  of  them  afford  guano.  Land 
area,  about  50  square  miles. 

Manika,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Maneesa. 

Manikgunge,  or  Manikgaiy,  m&-nik-gunj',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  Decca  district,  lat.  23°  52'  45"  N.,  Ion.  90°  4' 
15"  E.,  with  a  large  trade,  a  dispensary,  &o.     Pop.  11,542. 

ManHkpoor',  or  Manickpoor',  a  town  of  India,  on 
the  Ganges,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Roy  Bareilly.     Pop.  4048. 

Manikyala,  mi-neek-yi'l&,  a  village  of  the  Punjab, 
between  the  Jhylum  and  Indus  Rivers,  145  miles  N.W.  of 
Lahore,  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Taxila. 

Manila,  mi-nee'la,  or  Manilla  (Sp.  Manila,  m4- 
nee'li;  L.  Manil'ia;  Fr.  Manille,  mi'neel'),  the  capital 
city  of  the  island  of  Luzon  and  of  all  the  Philippine  Islands, 
see  of  the  Roman  Catholic  archbishop,  and  one  of  the  great 
emporiums  of  the  East,  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  at  th« 
mouth  of  the  river  Pasig.  Lat.  14°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  E. 
The  city  proper  forms  the  segment  of  a  circle  between  the 
river  and  the  sea,  and  its  suburbs  extend  over  numerous 
islets,  formed  by  the  river  and  its  branches.  The  Pasig  ia 
prolonged  into  the  bay  by  two  piers,  terminating,  the  one 
in  a  small  fort,  the  other  in  a  light-house.  Vessels  of  some 
hundred  tons  may  come  up  as  far  as  the  bridge.  On  the  S. 
side  stands  the  city,  having  a  dilapidated  look,  bnt  strongly 
fortified.  On  the  N.  is  situated  the  Binondo  suburb,  more 
populous  than  the  city  itself,-  it  is  the  residence  of  the  foreign 
merchants  and  the  great  centre  of  trade.  The  aspect  of  the 
whole  is  at  once  Spanish  and  Oriental ;  long  lines  of  heavily- 
mounted  batteries,  sombre  churches,  ungainly  towers,  and 
massive  houses  of  solid  masonry,  mingle  with  airy  cot- 
tages in  groves  of  tropical  trees,  raised  on  posts  to  permit 
the  free  passage  of  the  waters  in  the  rainy  season,  and  so 
constructed  as,  by  their  elasticity,  to  stand  the  shocks  of  an 
earthquake.  The  streets  are  straight,  but  for  the  most  part 
unpaved,  and  during  the  rains  almost  impassable.  In  the 
city  the  houses  are  two  stories  high,  and  each  has  its  cen- 
tral court-yard.  Here  reside  the  heads  of  the  state,  church, 
and  army,  and  all  who  would  be  thought  of  the  aristocracy. 
A  bridge  leads  across  the  river  into  the  Binondo  subnrb, 
where  a  street,  called  the  Escolta,  runs  to  the  right  and  the 
left,  lined  with  innumerable  shops  and  stalls  and  crowded 
with  a  strange  and  motley  population  of  various  races.  Be- 
yond the  Escolta  a  swarm  of  Chinese,  Indians,  and  half- 
oastes  appear  as  goldsmiths  and  jewellers,  painters  and 
enamellers,  oil-    and    soap-merchants,   confectioners,  ana 


MAN 


1752 


MAN 


keepers  of  gambling-houses  and  cook-shops.  Other  sub- 
urbs have  each  its  special  character.  San  Fernando  is  the 
seat  of  great  cigar-manufactories,  and  Santo  Mesa  of  a 
cordage-manufactory;  at  the  Alcaicerfa  the  Chinese  sam- 
pans discharge  their  cargoes  j  fishermen  and  weavers  inhabit 
the  division  of  Tondo,  and  its  gardens  supply  the  markets 
with  fruit  and  vegetables;  Malate  is  famous  for  its  em- 
broiderers ;  Paco  is  inhabited  by  artisans  and  artists ;  con- 
valescents resort  for  health  to  Santa  Ana  and  San  Pedro 
Macati. 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  cathedral,  the  pal- 
aces of  the  governor  and  the  archbishop,  a  beautiful  town 
house,  10  churches,  belonging  to  different  religious  orders, 
several  monasteries,  convents,  the  arsenal,  3  colleges  for 
young  men  and  2  for  young  women,  the  supreme  court, 
prison,  civil  hospital,  university,  a  marine  and  a  commer- 
cial school,  a  large  theatre,  the  custom-house,  and  barracks. 
The  city  has  several  squares,  in  the  largest  of  which,  the 
Prado,  there  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Charles  IV. 

The  royal  and  pontifical  University  of  St.  Thomas  is  in 
the  hands  of  the  Dominicans,  and  has  an  attendance  of 
about  500  students.  The  college  of  St.  Joseph  belongs  to 
the  Jesuits ;  that  of  St.  John  Lateran  gives  a  plain  educa- 
tion to  240  Indians  and  m6tis.  The  Escuela  Pia  belongs  to 
the  city,  and  is  for  Spanish  children  alone.  A  royal  marine 
school  was  established  in  1820,  and  a  commercial  school  in 
1840.  The  colleges  of  St.  Potentiana  and  St.  Isabella  are 
for  girls,  the  latter  for  orphans.  Manila  is  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment and  of  the  supreme  courts.  The  municipality 
dates  from  1571. 

Admirably  fitted  by  nature  for  trade,  Manila  has  been 
brought,  by  the  political  and  legislative  changes  of  the 
present  century,  from  a  state  of  comparative  obscurity  to 
rank  with  Calcutta  and  Batavia.  Being  the  chief  port  in 
the  Philippines,  it  is  the  centre  to  which  all  their  produc- 
tions flow,  and  the  resort  of  an  infinite  number  of  colonial 
vessels  of  all  sorts  and  sizes.  It  exports  sugar,  tobacco, 
indigo,  manila  hemp  and  cordage,  gold-dust,  birds'-nests, 
coffee,  sapan-wood,  mats,  hats,  hides,  trepang,  tortoise-shell, 
cigars,  cotton,  rice,  and  coined  money. 

The  manufactures  of  Manila  consist  chiefly  of  cigars  and 
cheroots,  a  government  monopoly,  which  gives  employment 
to  several  thousands,  both  of  men  and  women;  cordage 
from  the  filament  of  the  abaca,  of  which  the  best  is  made 
by  steam-machinery;  the  beautiful  fabrics  called  piflan, 
woven  from  the  fibres  of  the  pine-apple  leaf,  and  after- 
wards exquisitely  embroidered;  jussi  or  sinamiio,  and  vari- 
ous other  cloths  made  of  the  abaca  filament;  pure  or  mixed 
cotton  fabrics ;  mats,  and  cigar-cases. 

Manila  was  founded  by  Legaspi  in  1571.  In  1645  it  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  In  1762  it  was  taken 
by  a  British  fleet  and  held  for  fifteen  months.  The  city 
has  frequently  been  visited  by  severe  and  destructive  earth- 
quakes.    Pop.  100,000,  or,  with  suburbs,  160,000. 

Manil'ay  or  Oak  Or'chard  Har'bor,  a  hamlet  of 
Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlton  township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Carlton  Station.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  See  also 
Oak  Orchard. 

Manila  (m&-nee'l&)  Bay,  island  of  Luzon,  is  a  land- 
locked sea,  having  an  entrance  about  12  miles  wide,  con- 
tracted by  numerous  islands  into  two  principal  channels, 
— Boca  Grande,  3  miles  wide,  and  Boca  Chica,  2  miles  wide. 
It  measures  about  30  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  25  miles  from 
E.  to  W. 

Manil'la,  a  post- village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in  Walker 
township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  &  Rush- 
ville,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  163. 

ManilMa,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  5i 
miles  S.E.  of  Cannington.  It  contains  6  stores,  2  hotels, 
and  several  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  500. 

Manimagra,  or  Mani  Majra,  m&n-ee-mij'ri,  a 
town  of  India,  district  and  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ambala. 
Pop.  5989. 

Manipa,  m&-nee'p&,  a  small  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, off  the  W.  end  of  Ceram.  Lat.  3°  17'  S.;  Ion.  127° 
28'  E.     It  is  mountainous,  and  about  20  miles  in  circuit. 

ManiseeS)  a  former  name  of  Block  Island. 

Manises,  mi-nee'sSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Valencia,  on  the  Guadalaviar.     Pop.  2573. 

Man,  Isle  of.    See  Isle  op  Man. 

Manissa,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Manbesa. 

Manistee',  a  county  of  Michigan,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  lower  peninsula.  Area,  about  550  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by 
the  Manistee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Memoosic  and 
Pine  Rivers.    The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 


and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sug&r* 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  ex- 
port. This  county  produces  cereal  grains,  potatoes,  Ac.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  and  Manistee 
&  Northeastern  Railroads.  Capital,  Manistee.  Pop  in 
1870,  6074;  in  1880,  12,532;  in  1890,  24,230. 

Manistee,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  Is 
on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Manistee  River,  30 
miles  N.  of  Ludington,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Traverse 
City,  and  72  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 6  churches,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  oflBces,  a 
bank,  a  public  hall,  a  machine-shop,  a  tannery,  and  several 
lumber-mills.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1869.     Pop.  in  1890,  12,812. 

Manistee  River,  Michigan,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of 
Antrim  co.,  runs  southwestward  and  westward,  and  enterg 
Lake  Michigan  at  the  city  of  Manistee.    Length,  150  miles. 

Manistique,  man-is-teek',  a  post-town  of  Michigan, 
capital  of  Schoolcraft  co.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  near  the 
mouth  of  Manistique  River,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Es- 
canaba. 

Manitch,  m&-neetch',  or  Manytch,  m&-nitch',  a  river 
of  Russia,  issues  from  the  salt  lakes  of  Chaki,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  government  of  Astrakhan,  flows  W.S.W.,  expanding 
into  Lake  Manitch  or  Bol-Ilmen,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
300  miles,  joins  the  Bon  a  little  above  Old  Cherkask.  Its 
principal  affluents  are  the  Charsukul,  on  the  right,  and  the 
Kalaus  and  Yegorlyk,  on  the  left.     See  Bol-Ilmen. 

Man'ito,  a  post-village  in  Manito  township.  Mason  co., 
III.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad,  12  milei 
S.W.  of  Pekin.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  drug- 
store, a  nursery,  and  a  warehouse  for  grain.  Pop.  375 ;  of 
the  township,  1352. 

Manito'ba,  a  province  of  Canada,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota,  N.  and  E.  by  Keewatin, 
and  W.  by  the  North- West  Territories  of  the  Dominion.  It 
extends  from  49°  to  50°  30'  N.  lat.  and  from  96°  to  99°  W. 
Ion.,  and  has  an  area  of  73,956  square  miles.  A  considerable 
part  of  the  province  is  prairie-land,  perfectly  level,  and  di- 
versified by  groups  of  elm,  ash,  oak,  poplar,  basswood,  and 
ash-leaf  maple.  It  is  a  rich  black  mould,  resting  partly 
on  limestone  and  partly  on  hard  clay.  Wheat  ripens  in 
110  days,  and  gives  an  average  return  of  20  to  25  bushels  to 
the  acre.  All  kinds  of  garden  vegetables,  as  well  as  oats, 
barley,  Indian  corn,  hops,  flax,  hemp,  potatoes,  and  other 
root-crops,  are  easily  raised.  The  grassy  savannas  of  the 
Red  River  afford  pasturage.  Every  bond  Jide  settler  re- 
ceives a  homestead  or  a  free  grant  of  160  acres  of  land. 
The  province  has  railway  communication  southward  with 
Minnesota,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway. 
Steamers  ply  on  Red  River  between  Winnipeg  and  Moor- 
head,  Minn. 

The  climate  of  Manitoba,  though  very  severe  in  winter, 
is  occasionally  hot  in  summer.  The  mean  for  the  three 
winter  months  of  December,  January,  and  February  is  5° 
below  zero,  and  for  the  summer  months  of  June,  July,  and 
August,  65°.  Though  the  winter  is  extremely  cold,  it  is 
mitigated  by  a  clear,  dry  atmosphere,  and  is  very  healthy. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Assiniboine,  480  miles  long, 
and  Red  River,  665  miles  long,  525  of  which  are  in  the 
United  States.  The  largest  lakes  (only  a  part  of  which, 
however,  are  in  Manitoba)  are  Winnipeg,  280  miles  long 
and  5  to  57  miles  wide,  and  Manitoba,  110  miles  long  and 
25  miles  wide.  Winnipeg  is  the  capital.  There  are  two 
bishops  in  the  province, — the  Archbishop  of  St.  Boniface 
(Roman  Catholic),  residing  at  St.  Boniface,  and  the  Bishop 
of  Rupert's  Land  (Church  of  England),  residing  at  St.  John. 
The  public  affairs  are  administered  by  a  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, an  executive  council,  a  legislative  council  appointed 
for  life,  and  a  legislative  assembly  elected  every  4  years. 
Pop.  in  1871,  25,228;  in  1881,  62,260;  in  1891,  154,442. 

The  province  is  well  provided  with  educational  institu- 
tions. It  has  3  colleges, — St.  John's  (Church  of  England), 
St.  Boniface  (Roman  Catholic),  and  Kildonan  (Presbyte- 
rian),— a  convent,  and  many  common  and  parish  schools. 

This  section  of  North  America  was  first  visited  by  the 
French.  Chevalier  de  la  V^randrye  built  a  fort  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Assiniboine  in  1731.  The  French  continued 
to  trade  there  alone  for  many  years,  but  in  1767  the  first 
English  traders  visited  it,  and  soon   several   rival  com- 

Eanies  were  in   operation.     The  Hudson's  Bay  Company 
aving  sold  a  tract  of  land  to  the  Earl  of  Selkirk,  on  both 
sides  of  the  Assiniboine  and  of  the  Red  River,  his  lordship 

Elanted  there  in  1812  a  colony  known  by  the  name  of  Sel- 
irk  Settlement,  Red  River  Settlement,  or  Assiniboia.  In 
1836  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  repurchased  from  the 
heirs  of  Lord  Selkirk  the  same  tract  of  land  ceded  to  his- 


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1753 


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lordship  in  1811,  and  continued  to  exercise  authority  over 
that  portion  of  Rupert's  Land  by  the  appointment  of  the 
governor  and  council  of  Assiniboia,  which,  in  course  of 
time,  especially  after  the  settlers  had  declared  independence 
of  trade  in  1849,  formed  a  rather  independent  administra- 
tion for  the  local  affairs  of  the  colony,  the  limits  of  which 
extended  but  fifty  miles  around  Fort  Garry.  That  colony 
now  forms  the  greatest  part  of  the  province  of  Manitoba. 

In  March,  1869,  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  agreed  to  hand 
to  the  imperial  government  their  territorial  rights  and  gov- 
erning responsibilities,  and  on  the  16th  of  July,  1870,  Eng- 
land handed  the  whole  to  the  Canadian  government.  It 
was  during  that  period  that  the  Red  River  troubles  took 
place.  The  transactions  between  England  and  Canada,  as 
well  as  with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  having  been  made 
without  consulting  or  even  paying  any  attention  to  the 
government  and  people  of  Assiniboia,  a  deep  feeling  of  un- 
easiness arose,  and  the  Canadian  authorities  coming  into 
the  country  before  the  transfer  met  resistance.  In  the 
mean  time  a  provisional  government  was  formed  by  the 
settlers  to  secure  their  rights  and  come  to  an  agreement 
with  the  Dominion  of  Canada ;  and  the  entry  of  Manitoba 
into  the  Confederation  was  effected  in  1870. 

Manitoba  Lake  is  in  British  America,  a  few  miles 
S.W.  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  an 
outlet.  The  southern  end  of  it  is  near  lat.  50°  30'  N. 
Length,  about  110  miles. 

Maniton,  man'^-too,  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  falls  into 
the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  a  short  distance 
below  the  Bay  of  Seven  Islands.  It  abounds  in  trout  of  a 
very  large  size.  About  a  mile  and  a  half  from  its  month  it 
precipitates  its  waters  in  one  unbroken  sheet  over  a  preci- 
pice 113  feet  high,  forming  a  beautiful  cascade. 

Maniton,  man'e-too,  a  county  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  120  square  miles.  It  consists  of  several  small 
islands  in  Lake  Michigan,  near  its  northern  end.  Beaver 
Island,  the  largest  of  them,  is  about  14  miles  long.  The 
surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
oats,  grass,  potatoes,  Ac.  Capital,  St.  James,  situated  at 
the  northern  cTtremity  of  Beaver  Island.  Pop.  in  1870, 
891 ;  in  1874,  exclusive  of  Manitou  and  Fox  Islands,  657 ; 
in  1880,  1334;  in  1890,  860. 

Manitou  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  about  8  miles  N.  of 
Pike's  Peak,  runs  northward  and  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  South  Platte  River  in  Douglas  co.     It  is  27  miles  long. 

Manitoulin,  man^e-too'lin  or  man^e-too-leen',  a  group 
of  islands  stretching  from  E.  to  W.  along  the  N.  shore  of 
Lake  Huron,  and  consisting  chiefly  of  the  Great  Mani- 
toulin  or  Sacred  Isle,  Little  Manitoulin  or  Cockburn,  and 
Drummond.  Great  Manitoulin,  80  miles  long  by  20  miles 
broad,  has  an  area  of  1600  square  miles,  is  deeply  indented 
by  numerous  bays,  and  has  an  elevated  and  very  rugged 
surface.  Many  of  the  precipices  are  covered  with  clumps 
of  beautiful  trees,  and  behind,  in  the  interior,  are  large  and 
dense  pine  forests.  Little  Manitoulin  has  a  diameter  of 
about  7  miles,  and  in  its  general  features  resembles  Great 
Manitoulin.  The  channel  between  them  is  about  8  miles 
long  and  4  broad.  Drummond  Island,  in  Michigan,  is  24 
miles  long,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  2  to  12  miles,  and 
has  an  irregular  surface,  covered  with  large  masses  of  rock. 
It  is  separated  from  the  shore  on  the  W.  by  a  strait,  called  the 
True  Detour,  which  is  scarcely  1  mile  wide,  and  which 
forms  the  principal  passage  for  vessels  proceeding  to  Lake 
Superior.  Except  Drummond,  the  islands  belong  to  the 
province  of  Ontario.     Pop.  2011. 

Manitonlin    Lake.     See  Georgian  Bat. 

Manitou-Namaig,  n&-m3,g',  a  river  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  N.  of  Lake  Superior,  enters  the  Keno- 
gami  River  6  miles  from  the  outlet  of  Long  Lake. 

Manitou  River  >  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  falls  into  the  Fox 
or  Neenah  River  a  little  above  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  Its 
course  is  nearly  parallel  with  Fox  River. 

Manitou  Springs^  a  post-village  and  summer,  tourist, 
health,  and  pleasure  resort  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col.,  is  situated 
at  the  base  of  Pike's  Peak,  80  miles  S.  of  Denver,  and  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Colorado  Springs.  Elevation,  6296  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  has  3  large  summer  hotels, 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofBoe,  and  remarkable 
soda  springs,  which  are  reputed  to  have  sanitary  proper- 
ties similar  to  those  of  Seltzer  water.  Here  is  also  another 
spring,  containing  iron.  Manitou  Springs  is  surrounded 
by  admirable  scenery,  and  from  here  tourists  can  ride  on 
horseback  to  the  summit  of  Pike's  Peak.    Pop.  in  1890, 1439. 

Man4towan'ing,  a  post-village  on  Great  Manitoulin 
Island,  on  a  deep  bay  on  the  N.  shore,  150  miles  from  Col- 
lingwood. 

Manitowick,  man^e-t5w'Ik,  a  lake  of  the  district  of 

111 


Algoma,  Ontario,  forms  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Miobi- 
picoten  River,  which  enters  Lake  Superior. 

ManUtowoc',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  587  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by  the  Man- 
itowoc River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Sheboygan 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staplt 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
A  Western  Railroad  (Western  division).  Capital,  Mani- 
towoc. Pop.  in  1870,  33,364:  in  1880,  37,505  :  in  1890, 
37,831. 

Manitowoc,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis., 
is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  month  of  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
A  Western  Railroad,  77  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  48  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  65  miles  W.  of  Lincoln,  Mich. 
It  has  a  good  harbor.  It  contains  a  coart-house,  11  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  number  of 
steam  mills,  and  5  tanneries.  Four  weekly  newspapers  (2 
of  which  are  German)  are  published  here.  Leather,  lumber, 
and  wheat  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Ship-building 
is  carried  on  here  on  a  large  scale.  Manitowoc  is  partly 
surrounded  by  a  chain  of  hills  which  are  about  70  feet 
high  and  which  form  a  semicircle  nearly  1}  miles  in  diam- 
eter.    Pop.  in  1880,  6367;  in  1890,  7710. 

Manitowoc,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  contiguous  to  Manitowoc  City.    Pop.  1234. 

Manitowoc  Rapids,  a  post- village  of  Manitowoc  co., 
Wis.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Manitowo" 
River,  3  miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Milwaukee, 
Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railrosui,  about  2  miles  W.  of  the 
city  of  Manitowoc.  It  has  water-power  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2074. 

Manitowoc  River,  Wisconsin,  is  formed  by  two 
branches  which  rise  in  Calumet  co.  and  unite  at  the  bound- 
ary between  the  cos.  of  Calumet  and  Manitowoc.  It  runs 
eastward  through  the  latter,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at 
the  city  of  Manitowoc. 

Maniwaki,  Quebec.    See  River  Desert. 

Maniyas-Gal,  Asia  Minor.    See  Maneetas-Gal. 

Manjanik,  min-j&-neek',  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  in 
Khoozistan,  on  the  Abi-zard  River,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Shooster. 

Manjee,  Mangee,  or  Manjhi,  min-jee',  a  town  of 
India,  on  the  Goggra,  near  the  Ganges,  district  and  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Patna.     Pop.  5747. 

Mankasser,  island  of  Celebes.     See  Macassar. 

Mankato,  man-k&'to,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Blue  Earth 
CO.,  Minn.,  is  in  Mankato  township,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Minnesota  River,  nearly  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Blue  Earth  or  Mankato  River.  It  is  12  miles  S.  of 
St.  Peter,  86  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  77  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.  It  contains  14  churches,  the  Second  State  Nor- 
mal School,  a  high  school,  a  Catholic  college,  2  national 
banks,  3  large  hotels,  and  printing-ofSces  which  issue  3  or 
4  weekly  newspapers,  1  of  which  is  German.  It  is  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  or  Winona  A 
St.  Peter  Railroad.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.  Mankato  has  3  breweries,  4  carriage-fac- 
tories, 3  flouring-mills,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops,  a 
plough-factory,  a  pump-factory,  2  furniture-factories,  sev- 
eral elevators  for  grain,  and  4  large  hardware-stores.  There 
are  several  beautiful  lakes  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1880, 
5660,-  in  1890,  8838;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1364. 

Mankato  Junction,  a  station  in  Blue  Earth  oo., 
Minn.,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  4  miles  N.B. 
of  Mankato,  to  which  a  branch  railroad  extends  henoe. 

Mankato  River.    See  Blue  Earth  River. 

Mankera,  m&n-ki'ri,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  between 
the  Jhylum  and  the  Indus.  Lat.  31°  23'  N,;  Ion.  71* 
30'  E. 

Man^kore',or  Manknr,  m&n-koor',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
district  and  22  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Burdwan.    Pop.  4000. 

Manlia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Mallbk. 

Man'liu8,a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  in  Manliui 
township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Princeton,  and  24  miles 
S.  of  Sterling.    Pop.  of  the  township,  973.    It  has  a  church. 

Manlius,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  Dl.  Pop.  2463. 
It  contains  Seneca  and  Marseilles. 

Manlius,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  663. 
It  contains  New  Richmond.  Manlius  Station  is  on  the 
Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Junction. 

Manlius,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Man- 


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1754 


MAN 


lius  township,  on  Limestone  Creek,  and  on  the  Syracuse  A 
Chenango  Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches,  an  academy  or  graded  school,  a  paper- 
mill,  2  foundries,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  cement.  Pop.  879.  The  township  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Erie  Canal,  and  contains  villages  named  Fay- 
etteville  and  Manlius  Station.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6357. 

Manilas  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Manlius  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Syracuse 
&  Chenango  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a 
malt-house.     Pop.  100, 

Manilas  Station,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Manlius  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Manlleu,  m&n-Ii-oo',  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  3559. 

Man'Iy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashe  oc,  N.C.,  30  miles  S. 
of  Marion,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Manly  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles  S. 
of  Northwood. 

Manly  Station,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Man'lyvlile,  a  small  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn., 
about  90  miles  W.  of  Nashville, 

Mau'moel,  or  Mam'hole,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co. 
of  Monmouth,  near  Tredegar,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Pontypool. 
It  has  iron-  and  coal-works.     Pop.  14,645. 

Mannahawkin,  New  Jersey.    See  Manahawkin. 

Mann'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia  co,,  Va,,  on 
the  Appomattox  River,  about  22  miles  W,  of  Petersburg, 

M&nnedorf,  m^n'n^h-doRr,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  canton  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich, 
Pop.  2585, 

Mannersdorf,  m&n'n^rs-doRr,  a  town  of  Austria,  20 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Vienna.  Pop,  2378,  It  has  a  castle  and 
mineral  baths, 

Mannersdorf,  m&n'uQrs-doRr  (Hun,  Menyhard,  miil^- 
h&rd'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  4  miles  S.  of  Kes- 
mark.     Pop.  1000. 

Mannersdorf  (Hun.  Kethely,  kSt*hiI'),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Oedenburg. 

Man'ney's  Neck,  a  township  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1313. 

Mannhartsberg,  m&nn'haRts-bdRO\  a  wooded  moun- 
tain-range of  Austria,  terminates  near  the  Danube,  about 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vienna. 

Mannheim,  or  Manhelm,  m&nn'hime,  a  town  of 
Baden,  capital  of  the  circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  between  it  and  the  Neckar,  op- 
posite Ludwigshafen,  at  a  railway  junction,  66  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Frankfort,  It  is  entered  by  three  principal  gates,  and  is 
built  with  the  greatest  regularity, — 12  streets  running  par- 
allel to  one  another,  and  10  crossing  them  at  right  angles. 
The  public  squares  are  almost  all  adorned  with  fountains, 
which,  however,  are  not  well  supplied  with  water.  The 
principal  public  buildings  are  the  castle  or  palace,  a  huge 
quadrangular  structure  of  red  sandstone;  the  church  of 
the  Jesuits,  an  imposing  edifice,  with  a  profusely-decorated 
interior;  the  observatory,  107  feet  high,  the  theatre,  the 
parish  church,  the  churches  of  Concord  and  Trinity,  the 
synagogue,  the  town  house,  the  old  mint,  the  arsenal, 
barracks,  merchants'  hall,  and  house  of  correction.  The 
manufactures  are  extensive,  and  comprise  sugar,  cord- 
age, soap,  perfumery,  starch,  tobacco,  cigars,  rubber  goods, 
leather,  jewelry,  carpets,  glassware,  beer,  Ac,  The  trade 
has  recently  been  very  much  extended,  and  Mannheim  is 
now  the  first  commercial  town  in  the  grand  duchy.  This  it 
owes  to  its  admirable  position  on  two  important  navigable 
rivers,  and  it  has  an  excellent  artificial  port.  The  principal 
articles  of  trade  are  tobacco,  corn,  timber,  petroleum,  fruits, 
wine,  wood,  hops,  linen,  millinery,  ironmongery,  cattle,  Ac. 
Mannheim  was  once  strongly  fortified,  and,  lying  not  far 
from  the  French  frontier,  and  near  the  centre  of  military 
operations,  was  repeatedly  the  object  of  attack  and  suffered 
severely  during  the  wars  between  France  and  Germany. 
Pop.  in  1886,  61,210 ;  in  1890,  79,044. 

Mann'helm,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Berlin,  It  has  2  stores,  a  flax-mill,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Man'nlng,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C, 
in  Manning  township,  on  a  branch  of  Black  River,  10  miles 
W.  of  Foreston  Station,  and  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Colum- 
bia. It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  2  turpentine-distilleries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1278. 

Manning,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  858, 


Man'ningham,  a  N,W,  suburb  of  Bradford,  Yorkshires 
England.     Pop.  19,683. 

Man'ningham,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala., 
about  46  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches. 

Man'ning  River,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  risei 
about  Ion.  151°  30'  E.,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  sea,  by 
several  outlets,  in  lat.  32°  S. 

Man'nington,  township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2351. 

Mannlngton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Wheeling,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  2  flour-mills,  a  cigar- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  411. 

Man'nlngtree,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on 
the  navigable  river  Stour,  at  a  railway  junction,  9i  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  970. 

MannlngvUle,  Quebec.    See  Franklin, 

Mann's  Choice,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  churchea, 
a  tannery,  and  2  hotels. 

Mann's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Mann's  Harbor,  a  post-office  of  Dare  co.,  N.C. 

Manns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  oo.,  Ky.,  87  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mannsville,  a  post-village  of  Jefi'erson  oo,,  N,Y,,  in 
Ellisburg  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  20  miles  S,S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  graded  school,  2  grist-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  tannery,  and  2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  600. 

Mannsville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo..  Pa.,  about  18 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Carlisle. 

Manna,  m&n-noo',  a  river  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
after  a  S.  course  of  40  miles,  enters  the  lagoon  of  Cagliari, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  that  city. 

Mann'vllle,  a  station  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  and  Denver  City  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Mannvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  oo.,  B.C.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Sumter  Court-House. 

Mannvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  oo..  Wis.,  on 
the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  200  miles  N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  4  miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Marshfield,  It  has 
manufactures  of  pine  Inmber, 

Manny's  Comers,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo„ 
N.Y.,  1^  miles  from  Amsterdam.     It  has  a  church. 

Mande,  m&'no^^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
North  Sea,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ribe. 

Manoel- Aives,  mi-no-fil'-irvfis,  a  small  river  of  Bra- 
Bil,  joins  the  Tocantins  from  the  right,  in  the  state  of  Qoyaz, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Somno.     See  Luiz-Altes. 

Manoel -Alves  Septentrional,  mS,-no-fil'-41'vfif 
sfip-tSn-tre-o-nir,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  mountain! 
between  the  states  of  Pernambuco  and  Piauhy  and  proceeds 
W.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  400  miles,  joins  the  Tocan- 
tins from  the  right,  above  Sao  Pedro  d'Alcantara. 

Manoel-Ilha,  m&-no-dl'-eel'y&,  an  island  of  Brasil, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Appodi.- 

Manolee,  Meenolee,  or  Manoli,  m&n'o-lee,  a  town 
of  India,  district  and  35  miles  E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  6232. 

Man'omln,  a  post-village  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in  Man- 
omin  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  144. 

Manono  (mi-no'no)  Island,  one  of  the  Navigatoi 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  13°  50'  S.;  Ion.  172°  2'  W. 

Manopello,  m&-no-pdl'lo,  or  Manapello,  m&-noo- 
pfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Chieti.     Pop.  of  commune,  4027. 

Manor,  a  station  of  Sufl'olk  co.,  N.Y,  See  MANORViLiiE, 

Man'or,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co,.  Pa.  Pop.  1071, 
exclusive  of  Manorville. 

Manor,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co,,  Pa,,  about  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster  City,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Susquehanna  River.  Pop.  4371.  It  contains  Millers- 
ville  and  the  borough  of  Washington. 

Manor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  West- 
ern Branch  of  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  li 
or  14  miles  E.  of  Austin.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

Man'or  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
in  Franklin  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  ha«  a  steam  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Manor- Ham'llton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Lei- 
trim,  12  miles  E.  of  Sligo.     Pop.  977. 

Man'or  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Barre  township,  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churches  and  about  20  houses. 


MAN 


1755 


MAN 


Manor  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Conesville  township, 
Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  ohuroh  and  a  grist-mill. 

Manor  Station,  a  post-village  in  Penn  township, 
Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
coal-mine,  a  high  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  1  or  2  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Man'orville,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.T.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Sag  Harbor  Branch  with  the  main  line, 
66  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  about  450.     Station  name.  Manor. 

Manorville,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in 
Manor  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Al- 
leghany Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Kittanning.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  an  oil-refinery,  a  limestone-quarry, 
Ac.     Pop.  330. 

Manosque,  m&^nosk'  (L.  Manuesca),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Basses- Alpes,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.  It  owes  its  origin 
to  the  counts  of  Forcalquier,  who  built  a  palace,  and  after- 
wards conveyed  both  it  and  the  town  to  the  Knights  of  St. 
John  of  Jerusalem.  It  has  tanneries,  a  coal-mine,  and 
manufactures  of  oil,  hats,  Ac.     Pop.  5162. 

Man'otick,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Rideau  River,  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  A  Ottawa  Railway, 
15  miles  S.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  2  grist-mills, 
and  6  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Man^poor',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  state  and  55 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Jeypoor.     Pop.  4000. 

Man'quin,  a  post-office  of  King  William  co.,  Va. 

Manresa,  min-ri'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W,  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  15,160.  It  has  a 
collegiate  and  4  parish  churches,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asy- 
lum, barracks,  and  an  endowed  school.  Its  inhabitants 
manufacture  cotton  and  silk  fabrics,  broadcloths,  tapes, 
ribbons,  gunpowder,  and  brandy.  It  is  surrounded  by  old 
walls,  commanded  by  a  fort,  and  has  well-paved  streets. 

Mans,  a  city  of  France.     See  Le  Mans. 

Mansfeld,  minS'fSlt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1655. 

Mans'field,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  14  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Nottingham,  and  on  the  borders  of  Sher- 
wood Forest.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  grammar-school 
founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  a  moot  hall,  a  theatre,  manu- 
factures of  hosiery  and  lace,  iron-foundries,  and  a  large 
trade  in  malt.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  15,925. 

Mans'field,  a  post-township  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  is 
intersected  by  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains villages  named  Mansfield  Centre,  Mansfield  Depot, 
Gurleyville,  and  Merrow,  the  last  named  being  a  station 
on  the  railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
sewing-silk,  Ac.  Pop.  1911.  Mansfield  Post-Office  is  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield  Depot.  Here  is  an  asylum  for 
the  insane. 

Mansfield,  a  post-village  in  Blue  Ridge  townsliip, 
Piatt  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad, 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  145  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  grain- 
elevator.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mansfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  Rao- 
coon  Creek,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Mansfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Soto  parish, 
La.,  about  38  miles  S.  of  Shreveport.  It  is  situated  in  a 
fertile  country,  of  which  cotton  is  the  staple  product.  It 
contains  the  Mansfield  Female  College,  a  newspaper  office, 
3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  813. 

Mansfield,  a  post- village  in  Mansfield  township,  Bris- 
tol CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  A  Providence  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  New  Bedford  A  Taunton  Railroad  and 
the  Mansfield  A  Framingham  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Boston,  and  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Providence.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  jewelry,  straw  goods,  baskets, 
ranges,  Ac.  The  township  also  contains  West  Mansfield, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  3482. 

Mansfield,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  FrCebom  co.,  Minn.,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Albert  Lea.     Pop.  421. 

Mansfield,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mans- 
field township,  1  mile  from  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mansfield,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2880. 

Mansfield,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.   Pop.  1997. 

Mansfield,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1163.     Post-office,  Eddyville. 


Mansfield,  a  thriving  city  of  Ohio,  the  capital  of  Rich- 
land CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  commanding  eminence, 
179  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  97  miles  W.8.W.  of  Akron, 
and  54  miles  S.  of  Sandusky.  It  is  in  the  heart  of  a  fertile 
and  long-settled  agricultural  district,  at  the  convergence  of 
several  important  railway  lines,  and  contains  a  court-house, 
16  churches,  many  elegant  residences,  a  noted  seminary,  2 
national  banks,  4  private  banks,  several  iron-foundries,  a 
paper-mill,  manufactures  of  machinery,  farming-imple- 
ments, and  street-railroad  equipments,  and  printing-omoei 
which  issue  a  weekly,  a  semi-weekly,  and  2  daily  newt- 
papers.  Coal  is  found  within  25  miles  of  the  city,  and  its 
numerous  industrial  establishments  consume  vast  quantitiei 
of  raw  materials,  giving  employment  to  thousands  of  work- 
men.    Pot),  in  1880,  9859 ;  in  1890,  13,473. 

Manstield  (Mansfield  Valley  Post-Offioe),  a  former 
borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  Chartiers  Greek,  which 
separated  it  from  the  former  borough  of  Chartiers,  both  of 
which  are  now  embraced  in  the  borough  of  Carnegie.  This 
section  of  the  borough  is  traversed  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Here  are  6  churches, 
3  banks,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  furnace  for 
smelting  silver,  and  coal-mines. 

Mansfield,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tioga  River,  and  on  the  Tioga  A  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  of  Blossburg,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  statu  iionnfil 
school,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber, 
leather,  furniture,  sash,  chairs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1762. 

Mansfield,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Paris,  and  about  55  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  3  stores. 

Mansfield,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Dallas. 

Mansfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  oo.,  Va.,  about  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Ricnmond. 

Mansfield,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Boyne  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Angus.     Pop.  100. 

Mansfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co., 
Conn.,  in  Mansfield  township,  4  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Willi- 
mantic,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church, 
a  silk-factory,  and  a  cotton -factory. 

Mansfield  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
in  Mansfield  township,  on  the  Willimantic  River,  and  on  the 
New  London  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nor- 
wich.    It  has  a  manufactory  of  organ-pipes. 

Mansfield  Island,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  British  North 
America,  is  about  70  miles  in  length. 

Mansfield  Valley,  Pennsylvania.     See  Mansfisld. 

Mansfield  Wood'house,  a  village  of  England,  co. 
of  Notts,  1  mile  N.  of  Mansfield.     Pop.  of  parish,  2474. 

Mansign6,  mftun^seen'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Sarthe,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  FlSche. 

Mansilla,  m&n-8eery&,  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
Spain,  the  principal  being  Mansilla  db  las  Mulas  (m&n- 
seel'yi  di  lis  moo'l&s),  province  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Leon, 
on  the  Esla,  ivith  715  inhabitants. 

Mansle,  mANl,  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  16  miles 
N.  of  Angouieme.     Pop.  1900. 

Man'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville.   It  has  2  churches. 

Manson,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Calhoun 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  in  1890,  822. 

Manson,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad,  64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  5  general  stores. 

Man'sonville  Pot'ton,  otherwise  South  Potton, 
a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Southeastern 
Railway,  89  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill, 4  stores,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  250. 

Mansoorah,  Mansonran,  or  Mansurah,  m&n- 
soo'ri,  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  Dahkaleeyeh  province, 
at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Damietta  branch  of  the  Nile, 
34  miles  S.W.  of  Damietta.  It  has  6  mosques,  a  trade  in 
cotton,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth  and  linens,  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  in  1882,  26,784. 

Mansoorieh,  Mansourieh,  or  Mansarieh,  m&n- 
soo-ree'fh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  near  the  confluence 
of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Mansoorsk,  Mansoursk,  or  Mansnrsk,  m&n- 
sooRsk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  government  and  110  miles 
N.E.  of  Irkootsk. 

Mansura,  m&n-soo'r&,  apost- village  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  7  miles  S.  of  Marksville.     It  has  a  church. 


MAN 


1756 


MAN 


niansnrah,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Maxsocrah. 

Mansuriehy  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mansoorieh. 

Mansnrsk,  a  village  of  Siberia.     See  Mansoobsk. 

M anta,  min'ti,  a  seaport  of  Ecuador,  province  of  Ma- 
nabi,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  lat.  0°  50'  S. 

3Iantalagoose«  man-taI-§,-goo8',  a  lake  of  British 
America,  near  48°  N.  lat.  and  75°  W.  Ion. 

MantaOy  min-ti'o,  a  considerable  river  of  Madagascar, 
flowing  into  the  sea  on  its  E.  coast. 

MantarO)  a  river  of  Peru.     See  Jauja. 

Mantchooria,  Asia.    See  Manchoobia. 

Manteigas,  min-ti'gis,  a  village  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Beira-Baixa,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guarda.    Pop.  2607. 

Mante'no,  a  post-village  in  Manteno  township,  Kan- 
kakee CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  47  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  9  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  3  churches,  a  oheese-faotory, 
a  money-order  post-oflSce,  a  carriage-factory,  <ko.  Pop. 
about  600  ;  of  the  township,  1681. 

Manteno,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  on  Mill 
Creek,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Council  BluflFs.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  50. 

Mante'O)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dare  oo.,  N.C.,  is 
on  Roanoke  Island,  in  Nags  Hea!d  township,  about  3  miles 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  66  miles  E.  of  Plymouth. 

ManteS'Snr-Seine,  m6Kt-8iiR-s^n  (anc.  Meduntaf), 
a  town  of  France,  Seine-et-Oise,  (^ital  of  an  arrondisse- 
ment,  on  the  Seine,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris,  on  the  rail- 
way to  Rouen.  Pop.  5649.  It  is  prettily  situated,  adorned 
with  fountains,  and  has  a  Gothic  church  and  remains  of 
former  fortifications ;  also  tanneries  and  flour-mills. 

Manti,  man'ti,  a  post-town,  capital  of  San  Pete  oo.,  Utah, 
is  on  the  San  Pete  River,  about  120  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  It  is  in  a  long,  beautiful,  and  fertile  valley,  of 
which  wheat,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
Manti  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  leather,  lumber,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1950. 

Mantinea,  min-te-nee'a,  a  village  and  ruined  city  of 
Greece,  Morea,  giving  name  to  the  government  of  Man- 
tinea,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Tripolitza.  It  has  remains  of  walls 
and  towers.  In  its  vicinity  was  fought  the  battle  in  whieh 
Epaminondas  received  his  death-wound,  B.C.  363. 

Mantiqueira,  min-te-ki'ri,  a  serra  or  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  containing  the  highest  summits  in  the  in- 
terior of  that  empire.  It  stretches  from  E.  to  S.W.  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  and  appears  to 
have  various  ramifications,  extending  into  the  surround- 
ing provinces.  It  is  crossed  by  several  roads  leading  from 
Minas-Geraes  into  the  more  eastern  provinces. 

Mantla  Kobiahi,  m&nt'l&  ko-be-&'he,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  7925. 

Man'ton,  a  post- village  of  AVexford  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Cedar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad, 
109  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Sherman. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  2  shingle-mills,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Manton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maries  co..  Mo.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Manton,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Providence,  of  which  city  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  several 
churches  and  factories.     Pop.  463. 

Man'torville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  in  Mantorville  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of 
the  Eumbro  River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault,  32 
Jiiles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin,  and  3  or  4  miles  N.  of  Kasson 
Station.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  of&ce,  2 
churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  469;  of  the  township, 
exclusive  of  the  villages  of  Mantorville  and  Kasson,  811. 

Mantotte,  min-tott',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  opposite  the  island  of  Manaar. 

Mantua)  man'tu-a  (It.  Mantova,  min'to-vi;  Fr.  Man- 
toue,  mfiuoHoo'),  a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, on  an  island  in  the  Mlncio,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Verona  to  Modena,  22  miles  S.S.'W.  of  Verona.  Lat.  45° 
9'  34"  N.;  Ion.  10°  48'  1"  E.  Pop.  28,048.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  swamps,  crossed  by  artificial  dams,  which  connect 
it  with  several  fortified  suburbs  and  outworks.  Principal 
public  buildings,  the  cathedral,  designed  by  Giulio  Ro- 
mano, with  marble  facade,  the  Palazzo  Imperiale,  and 
various  private  palaces,  the  Castello  di  Corte,  formerly  the 
palace  of  the  Gonzagas,  the  Palazzo  Vecchio,  in  which 
Napoleon  held  his  court,  several  convents,  a  Jews'  syna- 
gogue, civil  hospital,  2  orphan  asylums,  Jews'  asylum,  ar- 
senal, cavalry  barracks,  theatre,  a  public  library  of  80,000 
volumes,  and  a  sculpture-gallery.  It  has  a  lyceum,  gym- 
nasium, academy  of  fine  arts,  several  scientific  and  literary 


institutions,  botanic  garden,  and  numerous  collections  in 
art  and  science.  The  manufactures  comprise  silk,  woollen, 
and  linen  fabrics,  paper,  cordage,  leather,  and  parchment 
Outside  the  walls,  but  within  the  fortress,  is  the  Palazzo  de! 
Te,  with  a  fine  fresco  by  Giulio  Romano.  Mantua  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  and  the  seat  of  a  civil,  criminal,  and  mercantile 
court.  It  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Etruscans 
400  years  before  the  building  of  Rome.  It  is  mentioned 
by  Roman  writers  under  its  present  name  (Mantua).  On 
the  decline  of  the  Roman  empire  it  was  pillaged  by  the 
Huns,  and  afterwards  taken  by  the  Longooards.  Charle- 
magne gave  it  its  first  fortifications.  The  Gonzagas,  as 
marquises  and  finally  as  dukes  of  Mantua,  governed  it 
with  great  ability  from  1328  to  1707,  and  distinguished 
themselves  by  the  splendor  of  their  court  and  their  patron- 
age of  literature  and  art.  Upon  the  death  of  the  last  duke, 
in  1708,  the  Emperor  Joseph  took  possession  of  the  duchy 
and  annexed  it  to  his  other  dominions.  In  1866  it  passed 
from  Austrian  rule.  Among  the  distinguished  natives  the 
name  by  far  the  most  illustrious  is  that  of  Virgil,  who  was 
bom  at  Andes  (now  Pietole),  in  its  vicinity. 

Mantna,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  having 
Eoiilia  on  the  S.  and  Venetia  on  the  N.E.  Area,  856 
square  miles.  It  is  low,  level,  and  fertile.  Capital,  Man- 
tua.    Pop.  288,942. 

Mantua,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain.    See  Madrid. 

Mantua,  man'ta-f,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Ala.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Eutaw. 

Mantua,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1208. 

Mantua  (formerly  Carpenter*s  Landing),  a  post- 
village  in  Mantua  township,  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  creek 
of  the  same  name,  and  near  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Wenonah  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  a  coach- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1897. 

Mantua,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Mantua 
township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township 
contains  4  churches,  5  cheese-factories,  3  grist-mills,  4  saw- 
mills, and  a  village  named  Mantua  Station.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1126. 

Mantua,  formerly  a  suburban  village  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  northern  section  of  West  Philadelphia  and 
nearly  opposite  the  Fairmount  Water- Works.  The  locality  is 
now  embraced  in  the  24th  ward  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

Mantua,  a  hamlet  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  about  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  86. 

Mantua  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  northwestward 
through  Gloucester  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River 
about  5  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill. 

Mantua  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Mantua  Station,  a  post-village  in  Mantua  township. 
Portage  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and  on  the  Ma- 
honing division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  2  steam 
flouring-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Manua,  m&-noo'%,  or  Omanooan,  o^m&-noo'aw,  cue 
of  the  Samoan  Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat. 
14°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  169°  26'  W. 

Manuel,  m&-noo-il',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  28  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  1388. 

Man'uels,  a  fishing  station  in  the  district  of  Harbor 
Main,  Newfoundland,  14  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  140. 

Mannesca,  the  Latin  name  of  Manobque. 

Manumuskin,  New  Jersey.    See  Makamuskin. 

Ma^nunk'a  Chunk,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Belvidere  Dela 
ware  Railroad,  98  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Manupello,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Manopello. 

Manvers,  Ontario.     See  Ballydufp. 

Man'ville,  a  post- village  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Manville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  and  partly  in  Cumberland,  on  the  Black- 
stone  River,  and  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches  and  3 
cotton-mills. 

Manx,  Great  Britain.     See  Isle  of  Man. 

Many,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sabine  parish.  La., 
about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  3  churches. 

Many,  m&n,  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagt,  nSdj,  two  villages 
of  Hungary,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.     P.  3000. 

Manyas'ka,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.     P.  159. 

Many  (men'§)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Oregon  oo.,  Mo. 

Manytch,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Manitch. 


MAN 


1757 


MAP 


Man^anares,  m3,n-th&-n&'r£8,  a  rirer  of  Spain,  New 
Castile,  joins  the  Henares,  after  a  S.  course  of  40  miles,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Madrid,  which  is  on  this  river. 

ManzanareS)  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  10,275.  Principal  buildings, 
the  parish  church,  a  hospital,  cavalry  barracks,  and  an  old 
castle.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  wine. 

Manzanares,  m&n-si-n&'rfis,  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  near  Cumana,  after  a  N.  course 
of  40  miles. 

Manzaneda -  de  -Tribes,  m&n-th&-n&'D&-d&-tree'- 
b£s,  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  E.  of  Orense. 

Manzanera,  m&n-th&-n&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  929. 

Manzanilla,  m3,n-th&-neel'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  27  miles  E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  1993. 

Manzanilla,  m&n-s&-neel'7&,  a  high  and  projecting 
point  on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  on  the  coast  of  the  Car- 
ibbean Sea.     Lat.  9°  39'  N.;  Ion.  79°  32'  W. 

Manzanilla,  a  bay  in  the  island  of  Hayti,  on  the  N.W. 
coast,  has  excellent  anchorage.   Lat.  19°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  W. 

Manzanilla,  a  point  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Coro.  Lat.  11°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  69° 
22'  W. 

Manzanilla,  a  point  on  the  island  of  Trinidad,  E. 
coast.     Lau  10°  31'  N.;  Ion.  61°  4'  W. 

Manzanilla  Limon,  m&n-s&-neel'yi  Ie-m5n',  or 
Navy  Bay,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  on  the  Carribbean  Sea,  a  little  to  the  E.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Chagres.  It  forms  a  large,  beautiful, 
and  secure  roadstead,  about  5  miles  in  width,  and  upon  it 
is  the  town  of  Aspinwall. 

Manzanillo,  m&n-s&-neel'yo  or  m3,n-th&-neel'yo,  a 
town  and  seaport  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba, 
about  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.  Lat.  20°  22' 
N. ;  Ion.  77°  15'  W.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  a  trade  in 
cofiFee,  sugar,  and  fruit.  Steamers  plying  between  Batabano 
and  Santiago  de  Cuba  touch  at  this  port.     Pop.  5643. 

Manzanillo,  a  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  Pacific,  state 
and  80  miles  W.  of  Colima.  It  is  very  beautifully  situated, 
with  a  deep  and  safe  harbor.  It  has  200  dwellings,  mostly 
of  wood,  a  church,  2  commission-houses,  and  20  retail  stores. 
It  is  a  very  unhealthy  place,  on  account  of  the  proximity 
of  stagnant  lakes. 

Manzano,  min-zJl'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Udine,  on 
the  Natisone,  about  6  miles  from  Palma.     Pop.  2808. 

Manzano,  m&n-z&'no,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co.. 
New  Mexico,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Peralta.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Manzat,  mftuo^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D8me, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop,  304. 

Maon,  mS,-6n',  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, W.  of  the  island  of  Pago.     Length,  about  5  miles. 

Maoona,  Maouna,  or  Manna,  m&-oo'n&,  or  Mas- 
sacre Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  Samoan  group,  is  in  lat. 
14°  22'  S.,  Ion.  171°  W. 

Mapello,  m4-p5l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
W.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1947. 

Mapilca,  m4-peel'ki,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 
Cruz,  with  remains  of  a  ruined  city. 

Mapimi,  m&-pee'mee,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  130 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Durango.  Pop.  2400.  It  gives  name  to  a 
large  desert  tract,  the  Bolson  de  Mapimi. 

Mapimi  Lake,  called  also  Cayman,  kl-m&n'  (i.e., 
"  Alligator"  lake),  a  lake  of  Mexico,  on  the  borders  of  Du- 
rango and  Cohahuila. 

Mapiri,  mi-pee-ree',  a  considerable  river  of  Bolivia, 
unites  with  the  Chuqueapo  to  form  the  Beni. 

Ma'ple,  a  township  of  Monona  CO.,  Iowa.  Pop.  631.  It 
contains  Mapleton. 

Maple,  a  township  of  Cowley  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop.  257. 

Maple,  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich. 

Maple,  a  post-office  of  Macon  oo.,  Mo.,  7  miles  W.  of 
Atlanta  Railroad  Station. 

Maple,  Brown  co.,  0.    See  Brownsville. 

Maple,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  i  mile  from 
Richmond  Hill  Station.  It  contains  5  stores  and  a  hotel. 
Pop.  250. 

Maple  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  on  Vancouver  Island,  46 
miles  from  Victoria,  on  Maple  Bay,  a  beautiful  landlocked 
bay,  surrounded  by  hills  and  mountains. 

Maple  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cowley  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Maple  City,  Leelanaw  co.,  Michigan.     See  Kasson. 

Maple  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  or  near  Stanton  co., 
intersects  Colfax  co.,  runs  E.  through  Dodge  co.,  and  enters 
Elkhorn  River  9  miles  N   of  Fremont.    It  is  80  miles  long. 


Maple  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on 
Maple  Creek,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Omaha. 

Maple  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn., 
about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  &o. 

Maple  Creek,  township,  Outagamie  co..  Wis.  Pop.  746. 

Maple  Cy'press,  a  post-office  of  Craven  co.,  N.C. 

Ma'pleford,  a  post-office  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga.,  26  miles 
E.  of  Camilla.     Here  are  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Glen,  Scott  co.,  Minn.    See  Spring  Lake. 

Maple  Green,  a  post-settlement  in  Restigouche  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Restigouche  River,  7  miles  from 
Campbellton.     Pop.  100. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Centre.     It  has  several  stores. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Edwards  co..  111. 

Maple  Grove,  a  station  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Green  Castle. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  W.  of  Winterset. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me. 

Maple  Grove,  a  village  of  Adams  township,  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Pittsfield  A,  North  Adams  Railroad,  1 
mile  S.  of  South  Adams.  It  has  cotton  and  woollen-mills, 
for  which  the  Hoosac  River  affords  motive-power. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Barry 
CO.,  Mich.,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1315. 

Maple  Grove,  township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  532. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  Pop.  1050.  It  con- 
tains part  of  Osseo. 

Maple  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Otisco  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Onativia.     It  has  a  church. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
44  miles  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis., 
17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Manitowoc  City,  is  intersected  by  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Reedville,  and  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1423. 

Maple  Grove,  township,  Shawano  co..  Wis.    Pop.  439. 

Maple  Grove,  a  village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Cornwall  Canal,  4  miles  from  Cornwall.     Pop.  100. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post- village  in  Megantio  oo.,  Quebec, 
at  the  head  of  Lake  William,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset. 
It  has  a  carding-mill,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  252. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Pierson  township,  Mont- 
calm CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad, 
32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Maple  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  or  4  miles 
from  Williamstown  Station. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  about 
6  miles  S.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  3i 
miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Maple  Lake,  a  post-office  in  Maple  Lake  township, 
Wright  CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  40  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  of  the  township,  467. 

Maple  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  Maple  River. 

Maple  Lawn,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Maple  Plain,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Minne- 
apolis.    It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-factory,  a  bank,  <fco. 

Maple  Range,  a  hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  about 
24  miles  N.  of  Muskegon. 

Maple  Rap'ids,  a  post-village  in  Essex  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on  Maple  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Su 
John.  It  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill,  and  amoney 
order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Maple  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  oo.,  Mich.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Ridge,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  254.     Its  post-office  is  16  miles  W.  of  Rush  City. 

Maple  Ridge  Station  of  the  Peninsula  division  of 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad  is  16  miles  S.  of 
Little  Lake,  Mich.     Here  is  De  Beque  Post-Offioe. 

Maple  River,  Iowa,  drains  part  of  Cherokee  co.,  an<l 
runs  southward  to  Ida  Grove,  thence  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  Little  Sioux  in  Monona  co.     Length,  120  mile* 


MAP 


1768 


MAR 


Maple  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Shiawassee  co.,  and 
drains  parts  of  Clinton  and  Gratiot  cos.  It  finally  runs 
Bouthwestward,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  Ionia  co.,  at 
Lyons.     Length,  about  75  miles. 

Maple  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Faribault  co.,  runs 
northward  in  Blue  Earth  oo.,  and  unites  with  the  Le  Sueur 
River  about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato. 

Maple  River,  Montana,  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  runs  southward  in  Missoula  co.,  and  en- 
ters Flathead  or  Selish  Lake. 

Maple  River,  Emmett  co.,  Mich.    See  Brutus. 

Maple  River  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
Iowa,  at  the  junction  of  the  Maple  River  and  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroads,  89  miles  N.E.  of  Omaha,  Neb. 

Maples,  a  post-village  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  B.S.E.  of 
Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  head- 
ing and  staves. 

Maple's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  7i 
miles  E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Maple  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Maple  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex., 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church. 

Maple  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co..  Wis. 

Maple  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  from  Wilson  Railroad  Station. 

Maplesville,  ma'p'Iz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Chilton  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  32  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Mapleton,  ma'p'l-tpn,  a  post-village  in  Hollis  town- 
ship, Peoria  co.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <k  Warsaw  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Peoria.  Good  coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Mapleton,  a  post-village  in  Maple  township,  Monona 
eo.,  Iowa,  on  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Maple  River  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Ida  Grove. 

Mapleton,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  near 
the  Little  Osage  River,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Mapleton,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  18 
miles  from  Fort  Fairfield.     Total  pop.  444. 

Mapleton,  Clinton  co.,  Mich.    See  Duplain. 

Mapleton,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Traverse  oo.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Mapleton,  or  Mapleton  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Mapleton  township,  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  Maple  River, 
and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  18  miles  S,  of 
Mankato.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture and  wagons.     Pop.  about  200  ;  of  the  township,  731. 

Mapleton,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  1^  miles 
from  Plainsborough  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill  on  Mill- 
stone River. 

Mapleton,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
from  Palatine  Bridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Mapleton,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  N.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Fargo. 

Mapleton,  a  post- village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
stone-quarry.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Mapleton,  a  borough  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Juniata  River,  amid  picturesque  scenery,  and  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  43  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Altoona,  and  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  tan- 
nery.    Pop.  715.     Post-office  name,  Mapleton  Depot. 

Mapleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  7  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ooonomowoo,  and  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee.    It  has  a  church. 

Mapleton  Depot,  Pennsylvania.    See  Mapleton. 

Mapletown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
60  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wayne  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.  of  Knightstown.  It  has  a 
church. 

Maple  Valley,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  233. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post- village  in  Maple  Valley  town- 
ship, Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake 
Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Howard  City,  and  68 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church  and  4  or  5  lum- 
ber-mills, Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1721. 

Maple  Valley,  township,  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  733. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westford  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Oconto  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  260. 

Ma'pleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  66 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church. 


Mapleville,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a  granite-quarry,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens,  fancy  cassimeres,  and  silk  and 
cotton  yarns.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ma'plewood,  formerly  a  post- village  of  Cook  co..  111., 
now  forms  part  of  the  15th  ward  of  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Maple  wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind., 
19  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Maplewood,  a  post-village  in  Maiden  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  Saugus  Branch, 
6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  3  churches,  several 
fine  residences,  &c. 

Maplewood,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Rochester. 

Maplewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  5  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Sturgeon  Bay. 

Maple  Works,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Wis. 

Mapocha,  m&-po'ch&,  or  Mapocho,  mi,-po'cho,  a 
river  of  Chili,  after  a  course  of  75  miles,  joins  the  Maypu 
about  35  miles  S.W.  of  Santiago. 

Mapoota,  mi-poo't4,  a  considerable  river  of  South- 
east Africa,  flows  in  a  general  N.E.  direction,  and  falls  into 
Delagoa  Bay,  S.  side,  about  lat.  26°  S. 

Mapps'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
ocean,  |  mile  from  Sea  Side  Post-Office.    It  has  2  churches. 

Maquoketa,  m%-ko'ke-ta,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo., 
Iowa.     Pop.  971. 

MaquoKeta,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
is  near  the  S.  bank  of  the  Maquoketa  River,  in  South  Fork 
township,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton,  and  41  miles  N.  of 
Davenport.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the  Dav- 
enport <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Iowa  Midland  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  5  churches, 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  a 
nigh  school.  It  has  3  flouring-mills,  2  woollen-factories,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  3077. 

Maquoketa  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Fayette  co.,  and 
runs  southeastward  through  Delaware  and  Jones  cos.,  thence 
nearly  eastward  through  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  about  10  miles  below  Bellevue.  Length, 
about  175  miles. 

Maquon,  ma-kwon',  a  post-village  of  Enox  co..  111., 
partly  in  Maquon  township,  on  Spoon  River,  and  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Galesburg  with  Peoria,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  37  miles  from  Peoria.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  drug-stores,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1426. 

Mar,  an  ancient  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
between  the  Don  and  the  Dee. 

Mara-Arbarei,  mi'ri-an-bl-ri'ee,  or  Villamar, 
vil-li-man',  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province 
of  Cagliari,  on  the  Caralita.     Pop.  of  commune,  1786- 

Marabai,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Nyassa. 

Maraca,  an  island  of  Brazil.    See  Itauaraca. 

Mara-Calagonis,  m4'r&-ki-l4-go'nees,  a  village  on 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  not  far  from  Sinnai.     Pop.  1061. 

Maracanda,  the  ancient  name  of  Sauarcand. 

Maracay,  ml-ri-ki',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Aragua,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  6367. 

Maracaybo,  or  Maracaibo,  m&-r&-ki'bo,  a  city  of 
Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Zulia,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
the  strait  connecting  Lake  Maracaybo  with  the  sea.  Lat. 
10°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  42'  W.  It  is  the  principal  seaport  of 
Venezuela,  has  a  deep  harbor,  and  many  fine  buildings,  8 
churches,  a  college,  2  charity  hospitals,  a  lyjcrs'  asylum, 
and  manufactures  of  earthenware,  soap,  Ac.  It  ships  much 
coffee  from  the  interior,  also  tolu,  copaiba,  cacao,  timber, 
fustic,  hides,  Ao.  It  stands  in  a  sandy  tract,  and  has  a 
hot  but  not  unhealthy  climate.  Pop.  in  1891,  45,177.  See 
Lake  Maracaybo  and  Gulf  of  Maracaybo. 

Maragha,  m&'r&^g&,  a  city  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  50 
miles  S.  of  Tabreez,  on  a  tributary  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah. 
Pop.  about  15,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built; 
principal  structures,  a  large  bazaar,  spacious  public  baths, 
and  the  tomb  of  Hoolakou,  who  founded  an  observatory  on 
an  adjacent  mountain,  at  the  foot  of  which  are  some  cave- 
temples. 

Maragogipe,  mi-r4-go-zhee'pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Bahia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cachoeira.     Pop.  3000. 

Marah'ra,  a  town  of  Etah  district,  India.     Pop.  9214. 

Ma^rahtan'ka,  a  lake  of  Minnesota,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Mankato.     Length,  about  10  miles. 

Marais,  mi^ri',  a  natural  division  of  the  department 
of  Vendue,  in  France,  comprising  a  part  of  the  coast  for- 
merly covered  by  the  sea.  The  soil  is  very  fertile;  but 
the  climate  is  unhealthy. 


MAR 


1759 


MAR 


AlaraiS)  mi^ri',  a  creek  of  Missouri,  flows  N.  through 
Osage  CO.,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  near  its  mouth. 

Marais  des  Cygnes.    See  Osage  River. 

Alarais  Pontins,  the  French  for  Pontine  Marshes. 

Marajeh,  m&V&'j^h,  an  oasis  of  North  Africa.  Lat. 
29°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  about  20°  E. 

MarajO)  m&-r&-zho',  or  JoanneSj  zho-&n'ni8,  a  large 
island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Pard,  between  the  estuaries  of  the  Amazon 
and  Pari  Rivers,  and  extending  from  near  the  equator  to 
lat.  2°  20'  S.  and  from  Ion.  48°  30'  to  51°  30'  W.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  150  miles  each.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  rivers  Anajaz  and  Mapua.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Ma'rak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  about  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Atchison.     It  has  a  church. 

Maraka,  Nubia.     See  New  Dongola. 

Maraksh,  Africa.     See  Morocco. 

Marambaya,  mi-rim-bi'i,  an  island  of  Brazil,  state 
and  27  miles  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  in  the  Bay  of  Angra  dos 
ileis,  about  26  miles  in  length. 

Mar'amec  (often  pronounced  and  written  Mer'ri- 
mac),  a  river  of  Missouri,  rises  in  Dent  co.,  flows  N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Mississippi  19  miles  below  St.  Louis.  Its  whole 
length  is  estimated  at  160  miles.  It  flows  through  a  hilly 
country  abounding  in  mines  of  copper,  iron,  and  lead, 
many  of  which  are  successfully  worked.  Steamboats  have 
navigated  this  river,  and,  with  a  little  improvement,  they 
would  be  able  to  ascend  to  the  Virginia  mines  of  Franklin 
CO.,  a  distance  of  perhaps  75  miles.  A  small  stream,  called 
the  Osage  Fork,  enters  the  river  from  the  right,  in  the  N.B. 
part  of  Crawford  oo.  The  Dry  Fork  rises  near  the  N.B. 
extremity  of  Texas  oo.,  and,  flowing  northward,  falls  into 
the  main  stream. 

Maramec,  a  township  of  Dent  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  374. 

MarameC)  a  township  of  JeS'erson  co.,  Mo.     P.  2764. 

JHar'ameC)  or  Mer'amec,  a  post-village  of  Phelps 
«o..  Mo.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  15  miles  E.  of 
Rolla.  It  has  an  iron-furnace,  a  foundry  or  forge,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  Maramec  township,  1048. 

Marand,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Mehrand. 

Marangane,  m&-r&n-g&'n&,  a  village  on  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Africa,  8  miles  from  Quilimane. 

MaranhftOy  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Miarim. 

Maranhfto,  maranham,  mi-r4n-y6wN»'  or  mar^an- 
h&m',  or  Sfto  Lniz,  sown»  loo-eez',  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap- 
ital of  a  state  of  its  own  name,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
island  of  Maranhao,  290  miles  E.  of  Belem  or  Par£,  and 
280  miles  W.  of  Ceari  or  Fortaleza.  Lat.  2°  31'  S. ;  Ion. 
44°  18'  W.  It  is  surrounded  on  the  E.  by  mountains, 
which  form  a  kind  of  natural  fortress,  being  crossed  only 
by  narrow  passes.  On  the  N.  and  S.  it  is  encircled  by  the 
small  streams  SSo  Francisco  and  Maranhao,  which  rise  and 
fall  with  the  tide.  At  the  mouths  of  these  rivers  is  a  basin, 
accessible  at  high  water  to  vessels  drawing  20  feet,  affording 
fine  shelter,  and  defended  at  its  entrance  by  a  series  of 
forts.  The  town  itself  is  built  on  unequal  ground,  but  with 
considerable  regularity,  and,  as  almost  all  the  houses  have 
gardens  attached,  occupies  a  large  space.  The  streets  cross 
one  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  paved ;  the  houses  in 
the  principal  thoroughfares  are  of  two  stories,  and  generally 
provided  with  balconies.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral  and  the  episcopal  palace,  magnificent  structures, 
both  built  by  the  Jesuits  ;  the  governor's  palace,  the  town 
house  and  prison,  the  custom-house,  treasury,  college,  the 
richly-endowed  hospital  da  Misericordia,  two  other  hos- 
pitals, and  various  churches,  monasteries,  and  nunneries. 
The  trade  is  of  great  importance,  the  provinces  of  Pari, 
Piauhy,  Cearl,  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  and  Goyaz  having 
here  the  entrepQt  for  their  produce.  The  principal  exports 
are  rice,  cotton,  rum,  drugs,  hides,  and  isinglaas.  The  im- 
ports consist  of  various  articles  of  European  manufacture. 
Maranhao  is  the  seat  of  the  provincial  legislative  assembly, 
the  residence  of  the  provincial  governor,  and  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  possesses  a  lyceum  or  college,  in  which  the  an- 
cient and  modern  languages,  rhetoric,  geography,  grammar, 
philosophy,  mathematics,  design,  navigation,  and  astronomy 
are  taught ;  also  a  commercial  school  and  a  botanical  garden. 
Pop.  35,000. 

Maranhfto,  or  Maranham,  a  maritime  state  in 
the  N.  of  Brazil,  so  called  from  MaraHon,  the  name  origi- 
nally given  to  the  river  Amazon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Atlantic,  E.  and  S.E.  by  Piauhy,  S.W.  by  Goyaz, 
and  N.W.  by  Pari.  Lat.  between  1°  22'  and  10°  30'  S. ; 
Ion.  41°  20'  and  48°  W.  Area,  141,651  square  miles.  The 
E.  half  of  the  coast-line  forms  almost  a  continuous  straight 
line,  unbroken  by  a  single  indentation  of  any  magnitude  ; 
the  W.  half  contains  several  bays,  among  which  are  SSo 


Marcos  and  SSo  Jo86,  forming  the  respective  emboachnres 
of  the  Itapicuru  and  the  Miarim,  on  the  opposite  sides  of 
the  island  of  MaranhSo.  A  considerable  part  of  the  sur- 
face is  occupied  by  forests,  which  yield  excellent  timber 
and  ornamental  and  dye  woods.  The  most  important  cul- 
tivated crops  are  rice,  cotton,  and  the  sugar-cane.  Much  of 
the  produce  of  the  last  is  converted  into  spirits.  The  prov- 
ince appoints  four  deputies  to  the  General  Legislative 
Assembly,  and  two  senators.  The  provincial  assembly, 
composed  of  twenty-eight  members,  nolds  its  sittings  id 
Maranhao.     Pop.  in  1838  (official  estimate),  488,443. 

Maranhfto  (or  Maranham)  Island,  of  Brazil,  is  be- 
tween the  bays  of  S%o  Jos6  on  the  E.  and  SSo  Marcos  on 
the  W.  On  the  S.  it  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
channel  called  the  Rio  do  Jlosquito  :  on  the  N.  it  is  washed 
by  the  Atlantic.  Greatest  length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  28 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Its  surface  is  more  ele- 
vated than  that  of  the  mainland,  and  on  the  E.  side  it  is 
lined  by  reefs.     Pop.  40,000. 

Marano,  m&-r&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2960. 

Marano,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Fermo,  on  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  2260. 

Marano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Naples.     Pop.  of  commune,  7143. 

Marano,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.  of  Udine,  at  th<* 
head  of  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  1200. 

Marafton,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Amazon. 

Marans,  m&^r&N"'  (L.  Marantium),  a  town  and  river- 
port  of  France,  department  of  Charente-InfSrienre,  on  the 
Sftvre-Niortaise,  11  miles  N.E.  of  La  Roohelle.  Pop.  3217. 
It  has  a  quay  accessible  for  vessels  under  100  tons. 

Marary,  m&-r&-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Juru&, 
500  miles  by  steamer  above  Man&os.  It  has  a  trade  i" 
rubber,  drugs,  nuts,  Ac. 

Marash,  m&^r&sh',  or  Kermania,  k6R-m&'nee-&  (anc. 
Oermanieia),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  pashalie 
of  its  own  name,  picturesquely  situated  on  a  slope  of  the 
lofty  Aghr  Tagh,  above  the  Jyhoon,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Aleppo.    It  consists  of  about  3500  houses  of  wood  and  clay. 

Marash,  a  pashalie  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  between  lat. 
36°  3'  and  38°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  36°  and  38°  40'  E.  It  it 
traversed  from  W.  to  E.  by  the  main  chain  of  Taunu,  and 
iraunded  E.  by  the  Euphrates. 

Marash,  a  village  of  Bulgaria,  S.E.  of  Shoomla. 

Marat)  miVi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Pny- 
de-D8me,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ambert.     Pop.  160. 

Maratea,  m&-r&-t&'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata, 
on  the  sea-coast,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Policastro.     Pop.  4966. 

Mar'athon,  a  hamlet,  small  river,  and  plain  of  Greecey 
government  of  Attica,  the  hamlet  on  the  river,  3  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Athens.  The  river  (anc. 
Gharadrua)  has  a  S.E.  course  of  10  miles  to  its  mouth  in 
the  iBgean  Sea,  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Eubcea ;  the  plain, 
bounded  S.  by  Mount  Pentelicus,  is  renowned  for  the  vic- 
tory of  Miltiades  over  the  army  of  Xerxes,  B.C.  490. 

Mar'athon,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Wisconsin.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Big  Eau  Pleine,  the  Rib,  the  Plover,  and  other  rivers. 
The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine, 
ash,  beech,  birch,  elm,  maple,  Ac.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  grass,  Ac. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  and  the 
Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad.  Area  of  the  county,  1584 
square  miles.  Capital,  Wausau.  Pop.  in  1870,  5885  ;  in 
1875,  10,111  J  in  1880,  17,121;  in  1890,  30,369. 

Marathon,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1308. 

Marathon,  a  neat  post-village  in  Marathon  township, 
Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tioghnioga  River,  and  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  A  New  York  Railroad,  30  miles  N. 
of  Binghamton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  a  union  school,  2  tanneries,  a  flounng-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.  Pop.  1125;  of 
the  township,  1618. 

Marathon,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Cler- 
mont CO.,  0.,  about  28  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  ha« 
a  church,  a  chair-factory,  Ac. 

Marathon,  a  township  of  Marathofi  oo.,  Wis.  Pop. 
467.     It  contains  Marathon  City. 

Marathon  City,  a  post-village  of  Marathon  oo.,  Wis., 
on  the  Rib  River,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Wausau.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Marathonisi,  m&-r&-tho-nee'8ee,  a  maritime  village 
of  Greece,  in  Laconia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Kolokythia,  opposite 
the  island  of  Marathonisi  (anc.  Qrarne),  27  miles  S.  of  Mii- 
tra.  It  is  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Migottium.  Near  it 
are  the  ruins  of  OytKivm. 


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MAK 


Maratnba  (mi-r4-too'bi)  Isles,  a  group  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Celebes  Sea,  oflf  the  E.  coaat  of  Borneo. 

Marauna,  ing,-r5w'n%,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor 
district.     Pop.  3002. 

Maravaca,  mi-ri-v4'ki,  a  mountain  of  Venezuela,  in 
lat.  3°  40'  N.,  Ion.  65°  50'  W.  Estimated  height,  from 
10,000  to  11,000  feet. 

Maravi,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Nyassa. 

Maravi)  mi-ri'vee,  a  port  of  Cuba,  on  the  N.  coast, 
near  its  E.  end,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Maravi. 

Mara/i'on,  or  Market  Jew  (anc.  Fo'rum  Jo'via  f),  a 
seaport  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  Mount's  Bay,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Falmouth.     Pop.  1267. 

Marbach,  maR'b&s,  or  Marpach,  man'p&K,  a  town 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  23  miles  S.W.  of  Lucerne,  2700 
feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  1753. 

Marbach,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1036. 

Marbach,  maH'b3,K,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Neckar,  15  miles  S.  of  Heilbronn.  Pop.  2241.  The  poet 
Schiller  was  born  here. 

Marbais,  maR^bi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100, 

Marbella,  maR-bdl'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
29  miles  S.W.  of  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  4870. 

Mar'binton's,  township,  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    P.  1171. 

Marble,  mar'b'I,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Ark. 

Marble,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Marble,  a  post-office  of  Waupaca  oo..  Wis. 

Marble  Cliff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Columbus,     It  has  2  churches. 

Marble  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Dupont  Station. 

Marble  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  21  miles  N.  of  Danbnry.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  tombstones. 

Marble  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  0,,  on 
Brush  Creek,  about  35  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marble  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of 
Quincy.     Lime  is  made  here. 

Marblehead,  mar^b'1-hfid',  a  post-town  and  port  of 
entry  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  in  a  small 
township  of  its  own  name,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  and 
about  3  miles  S.E,  of  Salem,  It  is  connected  with  Boston 
by  two  branches  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  Its  site  is  a 
small  peninsula,  very  rooky  and  uneven.  It  has  a  narrow, 
deep,  and  safe  harbor,  which  admits  the  largest  vessels. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  numerous  manufactories  of  boots  and 
shoes.  Its  prosperity  is  partly  derived  from  commerce  and 
the  fisheries,  and  numerous  vessels  are  owned  by  its  citi- 
lens.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  8202. 

Marblehead,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0,,  on  Lake 
Erie,  7  miles  N.  of  Sandusky.    Here  is  a  light-house. 

Marblehead  Lights,  two  in  number,  are  situated  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  E.  entrance  to  Marblehead  Harbor, 
Mass.     Lat.  42°  30'  18"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  50'  30"  W. 

Marble  Hill,  or  Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Bollinyer  co..  Mo.,  on  Crooked  Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Lutes- 
ville  Station,  and  135  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  Here  are  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  257. 

Mar'ble  Island,  Hudson's  Bay,  British  North  Amer- 
ica, is  in  lat.  62°  30'  N.,  Ion.  92°  W. 

Marble  Ridge,  a  station  in  North  Andover  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Salem  &  Lawrence  Branch  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Marble  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  41  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Charles 
City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  433. 

Marble  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Marbleton,  mar'b'l-tpn,  a  post-village  in  Wolfe  co., 
Quebec,  29  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  200. 

Marbletown,  mar'b'l-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton 
CO.,  HI.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Havanna.    It  has  10  houses. 

MarbletOAvn,  a  post-township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
about  SO  miles  N.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cement,  flour,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  Esopus  and 
Rondout  Creeks,  and  contains  villages  named  Stone  Ridge 
and  High  Falls,  and  a  hamlet  named  Marbletown,  which 
is  7  miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  3997. 


Marbletown,  a  station  in  Wayne  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ontario  Southern  Railroad,  2  miles  9.  of  Newark. 

Marble  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Marble  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va. 

Marboz,  man'bo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  10  miles 
N.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  2627. 

Marburg,  maR'b55RO,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  on 
the  Drave,  at  a  railway  junction,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Qrati. 
Pop.  12,828.  It  has  a  castle,  a  theatre,  a  gymnasium,  tan- 
neries, iocomotive-shops,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  grain. 

Marburg,  mar'biirg  (Qer.  pron.  maR'bddRG ;  anc.  Mati- 
acum),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn, 
and  on  the  Frankfort  Railway,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel. 
Pop.  9600,  including  the  suburb  of  Weidenhausen.  It 
stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  the  ancient  feudal 
castle  of  the  landgraves  of  Hesse.  Principal  public  edifice, 
the  church  of  St.  Elizabeth,  built  between  1235  and  1283, 
and  containing,  with  several  monuments  of  the  landgraves, 
the  tomb  of  St.  Elizabeth,  resorted  to  by  numerous  pil 
grims.  It  has  a  university,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school, 
schools  of  surgery,  a  botanic  garden,  several  hospitals,  and 
manufactures  of  linen,  pottery,  stockings,  leather,  tobacco, 
and  pipes. 

Mar'but's,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn. 

Marca  d*Ancona,  Italy,    See  Ancona. 

Marcana,  m&r-k&'n&,  an  Austrian  island,  coast  of  Dal- 
matia.     Lat.  42°  34'  N,     It  gives  name  to  a  bishop's  see. 

Marcaria,  maR-ki-ree'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  mile* 
W.S.W.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop,  8244. 

Marcelcave,  maR^sdrk&v',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Somme,  arrondissement  of  Amiens.    Pop.  1534. 

Marcel'la  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co., 
Tenn.,  14  miles  W.  of  Lynnville  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Marcel laz,  maR-chdl-l&tz'  (Fr.  pron.  maR^s^ri&z'),  a 
village  of  France,  in  Savoy.     Pop.  1108, 

Marcelline,  mar-sel-Icen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams 
co,.  111.,  13  miles  N,  of  Quincy,     It  has  a  church. 

Marcel'lon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Marcellon  township,  on  Fox  River,  about  10  miles  E,  by  N. 
of  Portage  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  858. 

Marcel'lus,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Mar- 
cellus  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Cassopolis,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Battle 
Creek.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  and  2 
churches.  Pop.  about  600  ;  of  the  township,  1552.  Many 
teasels  of  the  best  quality  are  produced  here. 

Marcellns,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marcellus  township,  on  Nine  Mile  Creek,  12  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Syracuse,  and  2\  miles  S.  of  Marcellus  Station  of  the 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Near  here  are  quarries 
of  gypsum  and  limestone.   Pop.  428 ;  of  the  township,  2501. 

Marcellus  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Marcellus  town- 
ship, Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Nine  Mile  Creek,  1  mile  S.  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  or  3  paper-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  140, 

Marcenasco,  a  village  of  Italy,    See  Mercenasco. 

Marcenat,  maB^s^h-n&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantak, 
13  miles  N,  of  Murat.     Pop,  634. 

March,  maRK,  Morava,  or  Morawa,  mo-rd,'v&,  a 
river  of  the  Austrian  Empire,  joins  the  Danube  8  mile» 
W,  of  Presburg,  Length,  180  miles.  It  is  navigable  from 
the  Danube  to  Presburg,  a  distance  of  50  miles.. 

March,  a  town  of  England,  co,  and  25  miles  N,W.  of 
Cambridge,  on  the  navigable  river  Nene,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion. Pop,  of  parish,  8153.  March-Wet-Fen  comprises 
3600  acres,  and  is  drained  by  steam, 

March,  a  district  of  Scotland.     See  Merse. 

Marchamalo,  maR-ch&-m&'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  New 
Castile,  2  miles  N,  of  Guadalajara,  on  the  Henares, 

March'and,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co,.  Pa.,  about 
44  miles  N,W,  of  Altoona,     It  has  a  church. 

Marche,  maRsh,  an  old  province  of  Central  France, 
now  forming  the  department  of  Creuse  and  parts  of  Indre 
and  Haute- Vienne. 

Marche,  marsh,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  A^k, 

Marche- en-Famene,  maRsh-fiN»-fi^min',  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  on  the  Marchette,  44  miles 
N,N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2300. 

Marchegg,  maR'Keg,  or  Marcheck,  maR'K^k,  a  town 
of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  March,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vienna. 
It  is  famous  for  the  victory  which  Ottokar  gained  here,  la 
1260,  over  Bela.     Pop.  1299. 

Marche-les-Ecaussines,  maRsh-l&z-4^kos'seen',  » 
village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mons'. 


MAR 


1761 


MAR 


Marchena,  maR-oh&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
In  its  neighborhood  are  well-frequented  aulphur  baths.  It 
is  well  built,  retains  some  vestiges  of  its  ancient  tower- 
flanked  walls,  and  has  some  fine  squares  and  paved  streets. 
It  contains  3  parish  churches,  several  chapels,  town  house 
and  court-house,  prison,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum, 
college,  storehouse,  3  convents,  and  a  palace  of  the  dukes 
of  Aroos.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  serge,  and  cloth, 
*  earthenware,  soap,  wine,  and  oil,  and  carries  on  some  trade 
with  Seville.     Pop.  12,208. 

Marches,  or  Les  Marches,  li  maRsh,  a  village  of 
France,  on  the  IsSre,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chamb6ry.    P.  1777. 

Mar'ches  (Ital.  Marce,  mar'ohi,  named  from  the  March 
of  Ancona),  a  compartimento  of  Italy,  comprising  the  four 
provinces  of  Ancona,  Ascoli-Piceno,  Macerata,  and  Pesaro 
and  Urbino.  Area,  3751  square  miles.  It  is  mostly  B.  of 
the  Apennines,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Adriatic.  It  is  a 
fruitful  region,  producing  much  silk,  wine,  timber,  wool, 
and  grain.     Capital,  Ancona.     Pop.  915,419. 

Marchiennes,  man^she-finn'  (L.  iJfarcAtanas), a  village 
of  Prance,  in  Nord,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lille.  Pop.  2648. 
Near  it  is  the  hamlet  of  Marchiennes-Campagne. 

Marchiennes  au  Pont,  man^she-finn'  zo  p6N»,  a  town 
of  Belgium,  province  of  Hainaut,  on  the  Sambre,  2  miles 
W.  of  Charleroi,  and  on  the  railway  to  Brussels.  Pop. 
8353.     It  has  iron-works,  coal-mines,  and  breweries. 

Marchin,  man'shino',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
about  21  miles  S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Hoyeux.     Pop.  1580. 

March'mont,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  from  Orillia.     Pop.  100. 

March  of  Ancona,  Italy.    See  Ancona. 

Marciac,  maR^se-4k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  12 
miles  W.  of  Mirande.     Pop.  1901. 

Marciana,  maR-ch&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  island  of 
Elba,  8  miles  E.  of  Porto  Ferrajo.  Pop.  1412.  Near  it,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  is  Marciana  Mariana,  with  a 
harbor.     Pop.  2193. 

Marcianisi,  maR-ohi-nee'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  9525. 

Marciano,  maR-chi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  26  miles  E. 
of  Sienna.     Pop.  of  commune,  2571. 

Marcianopolis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Shoomla. 

Marcignago,  maR-cheen-yi'go,or  Marcinago,  maR- 
chee-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Pa  via,  E.  of  Bere- 
guardo.     Pop.  1636. 

Marcigny,  maR'seen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa&ne- 
et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Charolles.    P.  2223. 

Marcillac,  maR^see^y&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Avey- 
ron,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1580. 

Marcillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Angoul€me.     Pop.  1527. 

Marcillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Conize,  12  miles 
E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1761. 

Marcillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot,  24  miles  E.  of 
Cahors,  and  having  in  its  vicinity  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
Btalactitio  caves  in  France.     Pop.  933. 

Marcillat,  maR^see^S.',  a  village  of  France,  in  AUier, 
1 1  miles  S.  of  Montlupon.     Pop.  1810. 

Marcinago,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Marcionaoo. 

Marcinelle,  maR^see*nfill',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  24  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  6493. 

Marcke,  maRk  or  maR'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  24  miles  S.  of  Bruges. 

Marckolsheim,  maR'kols-hime^  or  maR^koPsSm',  a 
village  of  Alsace,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Schlettstadt. 

Mar'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis <k  Vincennes  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Vin- 
cennes.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank. 

Marcodurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Duren. 

Marcoing,  maR^kwiN"'  or  maR*ko-4N»',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1782. 

Marcolez,  maR^koMi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cantal, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1402. 

Marion,  maR^sdN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Calais.     Pop.  1766. 

Marcourt,  maR^kooR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Luxem- 
bourg, on  the  Ourthe,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arlon.    Pop.  1150. 

Marcoussis,  maR^koos^sees',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1902. 

MarcoYecz,  or  Markovecz,  maR^koVfits',  a  village 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Temeavar.     Pop.  1780. 

Marcq,  maRk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  1  mile 
W.  of  Enghien.     Pop.  2200. 

Marcq-en-Bareuil,  maRk-6N»-b&'ruI',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  N.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4843.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton,  paper,  linen,  flour,  Ac. 


Mar'cnmville,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  oo.,  Ala.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Mar'cns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  about  64 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  nursery  and  a  flour-miU. 

Marcus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Siooz 
City.     Pop.  44. 

Marcus  Hook)  Pennsylvania.    See  Limwood. 

Mar'cy,  a  post- village  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  in  John- 
son township,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Kendallville.  It  hu  % 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marcy,  a  village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  in  Maroy  town- 
ship, about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  6  mile» 
S.W.  of  Montana.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Des  Moines  River.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2135. 

Marcy,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marcy  township,  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  P 
miles  N.  of  Utica.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W 
by  the  Mohawk  River.     Pop.  1422. 

Marcy,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0. 

Marcy,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  Lake  Marcy, 
and  on  the  Montrose  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannook. 
It  has  a  hotel,  a  summer  boarding-house,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Marcy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Marcz,  maRts,  or  Martza,  maRt'sSh^  a  village  of 
Hungary,  7  miles  from  Oedenburg.     Pop.  1160. 

Mardeen,  or  Mardin,  mar-deen'  (anc.  Mardet), 
written  also  Merdin,  mer-deen',  a  fortified  town  of  Asi- 
atic Turkey,  pashalic  and  67  miles  S.E.  of  Diarbekir,  oo 
the  S.  declivity  of  Mount  Masius.  It  has  a  castle  on  a 
height  commanding  a  magnificent  view,  several  mosques, 
churches,  a  large  Mohammedan  college,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  and  cotton  stufi's  and  of  leather.  It  is  the  see  of 
several  Oriental  prelates. 

Mare,  m&'ri.,  an  island  of  Brazil,  ofT  the  E.  shore  of 
the  Bay  of  All  Saints  or  Bahia,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Pitunga,  and  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bahia.  It  has  a  circuit 
of  nearly  12  miles.     Pop.  700. 

Mare  Adriaticum  or  Hadriaticum,  and  Mare 
Adriatico.    See  Adriatic  Sea. 

Mareb,  m8,'r4b\  a  river  of  Abyssinia,  joins  the  Atbara 
near  lat.  16°  N.,  Ion.  36°  E.,  after  a  N.W.  course  estimated 
at  250  miles. 

Mareb,  mi'rfiV  (anc.  Sa'ba  f),  a  town  of  Arabia,  80 
miles  N.E.  of  Sana.    It  is  walled,  and  comprises  300  houses. 

Mare  Balticum,  the  Latin  for  Baltic. 

Mare  Caspium  or  Hyrcaninm.   See  Caspian  Ska. 

Marecchia,  m&-r&k'ke-&,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  flows  E.N.E.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  38  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  1  mile  N.  of  RiminL 

Mareguare,  a  river  of  Guiana.    See  Merewari. 

Mare  Internum.    See  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Mare  Island,  California,  is  in  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo, 
and  is  separated  from  Vallejo,  Solano  co.,  by  a  strait 
about  i  mile  wide.  Here  is  an  extensive  United  States 
navy-yard. 

Maremma,  or  La  Maremma,  1&  m&-rdm'm&,  a 
marshy  region  of  West  Italy,  forming  the  S.  part  of  Tus- 
cany, extending  along  the  coast  from  Orbitello  to  Piombino. 
Though  formerly  the  seat  of  the  most  flourishing  Etruscan 
cities,  it  is  now  mostly  desert.  It  is  traversed  by  the  river 
Ombrone,  and  contains  Lakes  Castiglione  and  Orbitello. 
with  the  borax-lagoons  of  Monte  Cerboli. 

Mare  Mortuum,  a  Latin  name  for  the  Dead  Sba. 

Mare'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  about  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Marena,  a  post-office  of  Hodgeman  co.,  Kansas. 

Marene,  m&-r&'n&,  or  Marenne,  m&-rAn'n&,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Savigliano.     P.  2435. 

Marengo,  m&-r4n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Alessandria,  near  the  Bormida,  and  memo- 
rable for  the  battle  of  June  14,  ISOO.  between  Napoleon  and 
the  Austrians,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated. 

Marengo,  ma-reng'go,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area'of  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Chickasaw  Creek.  The  Black  Warrior  River  touches  the 
N.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  com,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  in  the  extreme  N.  part  by 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Linden.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,161:  in  1880,  30,890;  in 
1890,  33,095. 


xMAR 


1762 


MAR 


Marengo,  a  post-village  of  MoHenry  oo.,  111.,  in  Ma- 
rengo township,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  and  on  the 
Freeport  Branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad, 
66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  27  miles  E.  of  Rookford. 
It  contains  6  ohurohes,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  high  school,  2  nurseries,  a  foundry,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  1327 ;  of  the  township,  2253. 

Marengo  (formerly  Big  Springs),  a  post-village  in 
Liberty  township,  Crawford  oo.,  Ind.,  on  tne  Louisville, 
New  Albany  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  about  32  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw- 
mills, an  academy,  and  3  stores.    Pop.  about  300. 

Marengo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Marengo  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Iowa  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Iowa  City,  and  about  27  miles  S.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  wide  undulating  prairie. 
It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banking- 
houses,  6  or  7  churches,  a  high  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1710 ;  of  the  township,  2227. 

MarengO)  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Osborne  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Wichita. 

Marengo,  a  post- village  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Marengo  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Marshall,  and  25 
miles  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  flour,  and  lumber.     P.  of  the  township,  1253. 

Marengo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Clyde.     It  has  a  church. 

Marengo,  a  post-village  of  Morrow  oo.,  0.,  in  Ben- 
nington township,  aboKt  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  <fco. 

Marengo,  a  post-offioe  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va. 

Marengo,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  oo.,  Wash. 

Marengo,  a  station  in  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
oonsin  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Marengo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Wis.,  about  36 
miles  N.N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Marenne,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Marbme. 

Marennes,  m&^rinn'  (L.  Marenim),  a  seaport  town  of 
France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Atlantic,  24  miles 
6.  of  La  Roohelle,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Seudre.  Pop. 
1863.  It  is  surrounded  by  salt  marshes,  whence  large 
quantities  of  salt  are  extracted. 

Mareo'tis,  or  Birket-el-Marioot  (or  -Mariout), 
bggR'k§t-4l-mft-re-oot',  a  lake  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Lower 
Egypt,  S.E.  of  Alexandria.  It  had  become  entirely  dry 
within  the  last  three  centuries,  but,  as  the  bottom  is  several 
feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  the  English,  in  1801,  in 
order  to  circumscribe  the  operations  of  the  French,  out 
across  the  narrow  isthmus  which  separated  the  basin  from 
the  Lake  of  Abookeer  (Aboukir),  when  the  sea- water  flowed 
in  and  covered  an  extent  of  30  miles  in  length  and  15  miles 
in  breadth.     This  isthmus  was  afterwards  restored. 

Mare  Pacifico,  the  Italian  for  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mare  Rubrum,  an  ancient  name  for  the  Red  Sea. 

Mare  Tyrrhenum.    See  Ttbrhknb  Ska. 

Maretz,  mi^rSts',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2850. 

Mareuil,  mi'rul',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cher,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  2011. 

Mareuil,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  1624. 

Mareuil,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vendue,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  La  Rocho-sur-Yon.     Pop.  1870. 

Margal'Iaway  (or  M^gal'Ioway)  River  rises  in 
the  N.E.  part  of  New  Hampshire,  in  Coos  co.,  and,  running 
into  Maine,  returns  into  New  Hampshire,  where  it  receives 
the  waters  of  Umbagog  Lake.  After  this  junction  it  is 
called  the  Androscoggin  River. 

Mar^garee',  a  post-village  in  Inverness  oo..  Cape 
Breton  Island,  on  a  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  Margaree  River 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  40  miles  N.E,  of  Mabou.  There 
are  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  250. 

Margaree  Forks,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  oo.. 
Cape  Breton  Island,  on  Margaree  River,  36  miles  N.  of 
Whyoocomah.     Pop.  240. 

Margarethen-Lengerich.    See  Lengerich. 

Mar'garetsVille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  oo., 
N.C.,  on  the  Seaboard  &,  Roanoke  Railroad,  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Weldon.     It  has  2  churches  and  12  families. 

Mar'garetsVille,  a  seaport  town  and  port  of  entry 
of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Annapolis,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Wilmot.  It  contains  several  stores,  and  has 
a  good  export  trade  in  country  produce.  Ship-building  is 
also  carried  on.  A  light-house  in  this  harbor  exhibits  two 
Axed  red  lights.     Pop.  300. 


Mar^garet'ta,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  bounded  N. 
by  Sandusky  Bay.     Pop.  1622. 

Margaretta  Islands,  Pacific.    See  Paterson. 

Mar'garetville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Albany.  It  is  1  laile  from  the  Ulster  &  Delaware 
Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Margarita,  mar-ga-ree'ta,  or  Nueva  Esparta,  nw&'- 
v&  is-paR't&,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  belonging 
to  Venezuela,  30  miles  N.  of  Cumani.  Lat.  11°  N. ;  Ion. 
64°  W.  Length,  45'  miles;  breadth,  from  5  to  20  miles. 
It  forms  the  state  of  Nueva  Esparta.  It  consists  of  two 
elevated  portions  united  by  a  low  isthmus.  The  coasts  are 
arid,  but  the  interior  is  fertile,  producing  maize,  sugar, 
coffee,  cotton,  and  bananas,  though  insufficient  for  home 
consumption.  Much  poultry  and  live-stock  are  reared; 
and  the  island  has  salt-works  and  an  active  fishery,  its 
name  being  derived  from  the  pearls  (in  Latin,  maryaritae) 
which  were  formerly  procured  here  in  considerable  quan- 
tities. Manufactures  are  chiefly  of  cotton  hosiery  and 
hammocks.  Principal  towns,  Asuncion,  the  capital,  in 
its  centre,  and  Pampatar,  with  a  pretty  good  harbor,  on 
its  S.  coast.  A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  with  the 
adjacent  coast  and  the  British  and  French  West  Indies. 
The  channel  of  Margarita,  between  it  and  the  mainland,  is 
20  miles  across,  and  through  it  all  ships  from  Europe  pass 
to  Cuman^,  Barcelona,  or  La  Guayra.  Margarita  was  dis- 
covered by  Columbus  in  1498.     Pop.  30,983. 

Margarita,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  on 
the  coast  of  Old  California.  Lat.  24°  18'  N.;  Ion.  111<» 
42'  W.     Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Margarita,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Majorca,  22  miles  S. 
of  Alcudia.     Pop.  2502. 

Margariti,  maR-g&-ree'tee,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Epirus,  sanjak  of  Delvino,  5  miles  N.  of  Parga. 

Mar'gate,  almost  mar'ghdt,  a  town  and  watering-plaoe 
of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  North  Sea,  on  the  Isle  of 
Thanet,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  and  15i  miles  N.E.  of 
Canterbury,  with  which,  and  with  Ramsgate,  3  miles  S.E., 
it  is  connected  by  branches  of  railway.  It  stands  in  the 
hollow  and  on  the  declivities  of  two  chalk-hills.  Chief 
buildings,  a  modern  Gothic  and  other  churches,  a  national 
school,  a  well-endowed  almshouse,  an  infirmary,  town  hall 
and  market-house,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  large  public 
library,  and  several  bazaars,  baths,  and  hotels.  The  harbor 
is  formed  by  a  curved  stone  pier,  with  a  light-house.  Lat. 
51°  24'  N.;  Ion.  1°  23'  E.  It  has  from  8  to  13  feet  at 
high  water,  but  is  dry  at  low  tide.  It  has  a  fishery  and 
some  trade,  and  is  greatly  resorted  to  by  bathers.   P.  18,419. 

Mar'gate,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  12  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  a  saw 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Margaux,  man^go',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  18 
miles  N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1208. 

Margeride,  maR^zh^h-reed',  a  chain  of  mountains  of 
France,  between  the  basins  of  the  AUier  and  the  Lot,  in 
the  departments  of  Loz^re,  Haute-Loire,  and  Cantal. 

Marggrabowa,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Oletzko. 

Marghilan,  maR^ghee-l&n',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  Ferghana,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Khokan.  It  is  enclosed  by 
earthen  ramparts,  and  is  said  to  have  some  good  buildings, 
remains  of  antiquity,  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  stufi's, 
velvets,  silk  fabrics,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  26,000. 

Marghill,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Maghii^. 

Margitta,  mdR^ghit'tdh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bihar,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  3983. 

Margitta,  Nagy,  nddj  maR^ghit'tdh',  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Torontal,  W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  1950. 

Margonin,  maR-go-neen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  1943. 

Marguerittes,  maR^g^-reet',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gard,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ntmes.     Pop.  1945. 

Margus,  a  river  of  Servia.     See  Morava. 

Maria,  m&-ree'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  57 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  2334. 

Mari'a,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Leavenworth.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Maria,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Campbellton, 
New  Brunswick.  It  has  4  stores  and  considerable  salmon- 
and  herring-fisheries.     Pop.  300. 

Maria  (or  Marie)  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Sullivan 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
about  6  miles  above  Vincennes. 

Mariadahl,  m&-ree'&-d&l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawato- 
mie CO.,  Kansas,  12  miles  S.  of  Irving.     It  has  2  churched. 


MAR 


1763 


MAR 


Alariager,  mi're-i*gh§r,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmn,rk, 
in  Jutland,  14  miles  N.  of  Randers,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
Mariager-Fiord.     Pop.  680. 

Mari'ah  Hill,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Spencer  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville. 

Maria  Hietzing,  Austria.    See  Hietzino. 

Maria  Hilf,  m&-ree'&  hilf,  a  southwestern  suburb  of 
Vienna,  Austria.     Pop.  66,391. 

Maria  in  Monte,  Italy.    See  Saitta  Maria  a  Monte. 

Maria  Island,  of  Australia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria, on  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  (N.  point)  14°  50'  S. ;  Ion. 
135°  54'  E, 

Mari'a  Island,  Tasmania,  off  the  E.  coast.,  lat.  42° 
40'  to  42°  50'  S.,  Ion.  148°  10'  E.,  consists  of  two  elevated 
portions  united  by  a  narrow  isthmus,  and  has  the  village 
of  Darlington  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Maria  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
in  the  Low  Archipelago.     Lat.  22°  S. ;  Ion.  136°  W. 

Mariakirch,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Markirch. 

Maria,  Kis,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Kis-Maria. 

Mariampol,  m&-re-&m'pol,  or  Marianpol,  m&-re- 
in'pol,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Suvalki. 
Pop.  5533. 

Mariana,  m&-re-&'n&,  or  Marianna,  m&-re-&n'n&, 
an  episcopal  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Qeraes,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.  Pop.  5200.  It  stands  in  a 
small  plain,  3080  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  bounded 
by  two  heights  crowned  by  churches,  and  has  a  large 
cathedral,  Carmelite  and  Franciscan  convents,  a  diocesan 
seminary,  and  an  episcopal  palace,  but  little  trade. 

Mariana  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Ladrokes. 

Marianna,  ma-re-an'na,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee 
CO.,  Ark.,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Languille  River, 
and  on  the  Helena  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Helena.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1126. 

Marianna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Chipola  River,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Talla- 
hassee. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  semi- 
nary.    Pop.  in  1890,  926. 

Marianna,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tex. 

Mariano,  m&-re-&'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  9 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  4677. 

Marianpol,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Mariaupol. 

Marianas  Mons.    See  Sierra  Morena. 

Mariapod,  Transylvania.    See  Marpod. 

Mariapol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mariopol. 

Marias,  Las  Tres,  l&s  trds  m&-ree'^  ("  The  Three  Ma- 
ries"), three  islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  between  lat.  21°  and  22°  N.  and 
Ion.  106°  and  106°  30'  W.,  the  middle  or  largest  being  15 
miles  in  length  by  8  miles  in  breadth.  They  were  named 
Islas  de  la  Magdalena  by  Diego  de  Mendoza  in  1532. 

Maria- Schein,  m&-ree'&-shine\  a  place  of  pilgrimage 
in  Bohemia,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  with  a  church, 
snd  a  miraculous  image,  stated  to  attract  annually  from 
30,000  to  40,000  devotees. 

Mari'a's  River,  Montana,  rises  on  the  E.  slope  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  drains  the  N.  part  of  Deer  Lodge 
CO.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward  in  Choteau  co.,  and  en- 
ters the  Missouri  River  about  14  miles  below  Fort  Benton. 
It  is  nearly  300  miles  long.  Its  name  on  some  maps  is 
marked  Kay-i-you,  Bear's,  or  Maria's  River. 

Maria- Stein,  m4-ree'4-stine\  a  place  ofpilgrimage 
in  Switzerland,  canton  of  Soleure,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Basel, 
with  a  Benedictine  abbey  and  an  image  of  the  Virgin. 

Mari'a  Stein,  stine,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  at 
St.  John,  a  hamlet  16  miles  W.  of  Anna  Station. 

Mari'asville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  about 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Emlenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Maria- Theresienopel.    See  Theresienstadt. 

Mari'aville,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  14  miles 
N.  of  Ellsworth.  Pop.  369.  It  has  a  church,  saw-mills, 
ftnd  a  sole-leather  tannery.     Post-office,  North  Mariaville. 

Mariaville,  a  post-village  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Albany.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mariazell,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Marienzell. 

Maribo,  m&'re-bo\  a  town  of  Denmark,  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  island  of  Laaland.     Pop.  2156. 

Marica,  m&-ree'k&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  20 
miles  E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about 
8  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  man- 
dioc,  flour,  rice,  and  millet,  almost  all  conveyed  on  mules  to 
Rio  Janeiro.  Sugar  and  rum  are  exported.  Pop.  of  the 
district,  6000. 

Maricopa,  m&r-e-ko'p^  a  large  county  in  the  S.  cen- 
tral part  of  Arizona,  is  drained  by  the  Gila  River,  the  Rio 


Verde,  and  Salinas  or  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous.  The  soil  in  some  places  is  fertile.  Silver  is 
found  in  it.     Capital,  Phoenix.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,986. 

Maricopa,  a  post-town  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gila  Bend. 

Marie,  m&^ree',  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  30  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  120. 

Mariefred,  mi-ree'^h-frid^  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
37  miles  N.E.  of  Nykoping,  on  a  bay  of  Lake  Mselar. 

Marie-Galante,  miVee'  gi'lftNt',  one  of  the  French 
West  India  Islands,  S.S.E.  of  Guadeloupe,  of  which  it  is  a 
dependency,  20  miles  N.  of  Dominica.  Estimated  area,  60 
square  miles.  Principal  products,  cofi°ee,  sugar,  cotton,  and 
cacao.  Shores  rocky,  with  no  good  harbor.  Principal 
town.  Grand  Bourg,  on  the  S.W.  side.     Pop.  14,590. 

Marie  Joseph,  m&^ree'  zho^seff',  a  post-hamlet  in  Gays- 
borough  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-ooast,  20  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  600. 

Mariel,  m&Ve-dl',  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Cuba,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Havana.  Lat. 
23°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  47'  W.  It  has  a  large  and  well-sheltered 
harbor,  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  any  class.  Bailwaya 
connect  it  with  Havana  and  Batabano. 

Marienbad,  mi-ree'^n-bid^  or  mi-ree'^n-b^t^,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  N.W.  of  Pilsen,  in  a  picturesque  valley, 
frequented  for  its  cold  chalybeate  and  saline  baths. 

Marienberg,  mi-ree'§n-bfiRG\  a  town  of  Saxony,  cir- 
cle of  Zwickau,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  6617. 
It  has  mineral  baths  and  manufactures  of  linen  and  lace. 

Marienbonrg,  m&^ree'&N<>^booR',  or  Marienburg, 
m&-ree'9n-b5dR6\  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  province 
and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Namur.  It  is  connected  by  railway 
with  Charleroi.     Pop.  800. 

Marienburg,  mi-ree'^n-bSSRO^  a  walled  town  ot 
West  Prussia,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Dantzic,  on  the  Nogat.  Pop. 
8526.  It  has  a  castle,  built  in  1274  and  long  the  seat  of 
the  grand  master 'of  the  Teutonic  order,  a  normal  school, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths  and  of  hats. 

Marienburg,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  on  the  lak« 
of  the  same  name,  57  miles  S.W.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  2000. 

Marienburg,  Transylvania.     See  Foldtab. 

Mariensaal,  Austria.    See  Schlierbacb. 

Marienthal,  Wiirtemberg.     See  Mergentheim. 

Marienwerder,  mi-ree'^n-^fiRMfr,  a  city,  capital  of 
West  Prussia,  and  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  on  the 
Little  Nogat,  a  tributary  of  the  Vistula,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dantzic.  Pop.  7680.  It  has  a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  an  old  castle,  schools  of  arts  and  of  agriculture, 
and  a  hospital  for  blind  soldiers.  Chief  industries,  woollen- 
cloth-weaving,  brewing,  and  distilling. 

Marienwerder,  a  government  of  West  Prussia, 
bounded  N.  by  Pomerania  and  the  government  of  Dantzic 
Area,  6748  square  miles.     Pop.  800,744. 

Marienzell,  mi-ree^fn-tsdll',  or  Mariazell,  ml- 
ree^4-tsfill',  i.e.,  the  "  cell  or  shrine  of  (Saint)  Mary,"  a  town 
of  Styria,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna,  with  a  church  and  a 
famous  statue  of  the  Virgin.  It  has  been  called  the  Loreto 
of  Austria,  being  the  most  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage 
in  the  empire,  and  is  said  to  be  annually  visited  by  100,000 
persons.  Near  it  are  some  of  the  largest  iron-foundries  in 
Austria,  and  sulphur-  and  copper- works.     Pop.  1151. 

Maries,  ma'rSs,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  515  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected from  S.  to  N.  by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Bourbeuse  Creek  and  Marais  River.  The  surface  it 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  in  this  county.  Cap- 
ital, Vienna,  situated  near  the  Gasconade  River.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5916;  in  1880,  7304;  in  1890,  8600. 

Marie  Saline,  a  shipping-point  of  Ashley  oo.,  Ark., 
on  the  Ouachita  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Saline  River. 

Mariestad,  m&-ree'4s-tid',  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital 
of  a  Isen,  on  Lake  Wener,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tida,  156 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Stockholm.     Pop.  2381. 

Mariestad,  also  called  Skaraborg,  skl'Hk-boRg\  a 
Isen  of  Sweden,  lies  chiefly  between  Lakes  Wener  and 
Wetter,  and  forms  part  of  West  Gothland.  Area,  3307 
square  miles.     Pop.  256,712. 

Mariet'ta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  At- 
lanta, and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.  Its  site  is  elevated, 
and  is  2^  miles  from  Eenesaw  Mountain.  It  oontaina  a 
court-house,  a  bank,  8  churches,  the  Marietta  Male  Acad- 
emy, the  Marietta  Female  College,  and  a  superior  hoteL 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  2  flour- 
mills,  2  tanneries,  a  chair-faotory,  and  2  oarriage-faotoriep 


MAR 


1764 


MAK 


It  is  a  winter  resort  for  Northern  invalids,  and  a  summer 
resort  for  Southern  people.     Pop.  in  1890,  3384. 

Marietta,  a  post-village  in  Harris  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  111.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  a  church. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  110. 

Marietta,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  12  miles  W.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  West  Fork  Post-OflSce. 

Marietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Blue  River,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis, 

Marietta,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Marietta  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  about 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Iowa  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  916. 

Marietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Nine  Mile  Creek,  at  the  outlet  of  Otisco  Lake,  about  13 
miles  E.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Marietta,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Muskingum,  and  on  both  sides  of  the  latter 
river,  12  miles  above  Parkersburg,  and  about  80  miles 
below  Wheeling.  By  rail  it  is  199  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  175  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  connected  with 
the  latter  place  by  the  Cleveland  &  Marietta  Railway,  and  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  <!;  Ohio  Southwestern  Rail- 
road. It  is  connected  also  with  Zanesville,  75  miles  N.,  by 
the  Zanesville  &  Ohio  River  Railroad,  and  with  Columbus 
by  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Extension  Railroad.  The 
Ohio  River  Railroad  passes  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio. 
It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery,  and  contains  many 
handsome  residences.  This  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state, 
having  been  founded  in  1788  by  General  R.  Putnam  and 
other  emigrants  from  New  England.  It  contains  16 
churches,  union  schools,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank, 
and  Marietta  College  (non-sectarian),  which  was  founded 
in  1835  and  has  15  instructors,  about  200  students,  and  a 
library  of  42,000  volumes.  Two  daily,  1  semi-weekly,  and 
2  weekly  newspapers,  one  of  which  is  German,  are  pub- 
lished here.  Marietta  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  furni- 
ture, flour,  leather,  stoves,  hollow-ware,  buckets,  lubricating 
oil,  <Jbo.,  and  an  extensive  production  of  and  trade  in  petro- 
leum, which  is  procured  in  the  vicinity.  Here  are  found 
some  earthworks  of  the  ancient  mound-builders.  Pop.  in 
1894,  9216. 

Marietta,  a  post-borough  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
East  Donegal  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  3  or  4 
miles  above  Columbia,  and  on  the  Columbia  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  a  high  school,  a  town  hall,  2  foundries,  a  roll- 
ing-mill, 6  iron-furnaces,  3  planing-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  hollow-ware.     Pop.  in  1890,  2402. 

Marietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  15 
miles  N.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Marietta,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Wisconsin  River.     Pop.  902. 

Marieville,  Quebec.    See  Saintb  Mabie  de  Monmoir. 

Marigliano,  mi-reel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  3i  miles  W.  of  Nola.     Pop.  6182. 

Marignane,  m&Veen^y&n',  a  to?ni  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1741. 

Marignano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Melegnamo. 

Marignier,  mi'reen'yi',  a  village  of  Savoy,  E.  of 
Bonneville,  on  the  Arve.     Pop.  of  commune,  1743. 

Marigny,  miVeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manohe, 
7  miles  W.  of  Saint-L8.     Pop.  450. 

Marigny  I'Eglise,  miVeen^ee'  li^gleez',  a  town  of 
France,  in  NiSvre,  20  miles  E.S.B.  of  Clamecy.     Pop.  1600. 

Marigot,  or  Le  Marigot,  l?h  mi^ree'go',  a  village 
of  St.  Martin,  West  Indies,  on  its  N.  coast,  and  capital  of 
Its  French  portion.  See  Capesterbe,  La  Capesterre,  and 
Grand  Bourg. 

Marigot  des  Roseaux,  ml^ree'gS'  diro'zo',  a  village 
of  St.  Lucia,  West  Indies,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Marigaana,  mi-re-gwi'ni,  or  Mayagnana,  mi-i- 
gwi'ni,  one  of  the  most  S.  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  about  26 
miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  5  miles  in  breadth.  Lat.  22° 
23'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  55'  W.  The  Mabiguana  Passage  is  be- 
tween Mariguana  and  Acklin  Island,  50  miles  westward. 

Mariinsk,  mi-re-insk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  Kasan.     Pop.  2876. 

Mariinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  and  100  miles 
E.  of  Tomsk.     Pop.  5311. 

Maril'la,  a  post-township  of  Manistee  oo.,  Mich.,  about 
22  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Manistee.  It  is  drained  by 
".he  Manistee  River.     Pon.  133. 


Marilla,  a  post-village  in  Marilla  township,  Erie  co.^ 
N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bufialo.  It  has  2  or  » 
churches  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  250 ;  of  township,  1867. 

Marilogium,  the  Latin  name  of  Marvejols. 

Marin,  mi-reen',  a  town  of  Spain,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Pon- 
tevedra,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1846. 

Marin,  m&-reen',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  San  Pablo  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  The  Golden  Gate  separates  it  from  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills,  one  of  which, 
called  Table  Mountain  or  Tarn  el  Pais,  has  an  altitude  of 
about  2600  feet.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Much  fruit  is  grown  in  this  county,  including 
the  grape,  orange,  apricot,  fig,  peach,  and  plum.  Butter, 
oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Pacific  Coast  and  San  Francisco  & 
North  Pacific  Railroads,  both  of  which  connect  with  San 
Rafael,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6903;  in  1880,  11,324; 
in  1890,  13,072. 

Marin,  m&V&s*',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Martinique, 
on  its  S.  coast,  at  the  head  of  a  bay,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Port 
Royal.    P.  3925.    Near  it  is  the  extinct  volcano  Le  Marin. 

Marina  d'Andora,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Ansora. 

Ma'rindahl,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D. 

Marinduqae,  m&-reen-doo'k&,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  Philippines,  S.  of  Luzon.  Lat.  14°  30' N.; 
Ion.  122°  £.  Length,  40  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles.  On  the 
S.  side  is  the  port  of  Malagi. 

Marine,  ma-reen',  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111., 
about  25  miles'  E.S.E.  of  Alton,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Belleville.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cigars, 
clay  retorts,  fire-brick,  tiles,  and  tobacco.    Pop.  (1890)  637. 

Marine,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.     See  Esculapia. 

Marine,  or  Marine  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Minn.,  in  Marine  township,  on  the  St.  Croix 
River,  12  miles  above  Stillwater,  and  24  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, <fco.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Marine  Mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  697;  of  the  township,  1687. 

Marine  City,  a  post-village  in  Cottrellville  township, 
St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Belle  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Port  Huron,  and 
42  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  tannery.  Steamboats  are  built 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3268. 

Marinella,  m&-re-ndri&,  a  seaport  hamlet  of  Sicily,  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Mazzara.  Its  site  is  near  that  of  the  an- 
cient Selinus  (now  Selinunto),  whose  ruins  consist  of  the 
stupendous  remains  of  three  Doric  temples. 

Marineo,  m&-re-n&'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  8991. 

Mar'iner^s  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Northfield 
township,  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Staten 
Island,  and  on  Newark  Bay,  22  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Marines,  mi^reen'  (L.  Mcmergium),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine-et-Oise,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1618. 

Marinette,  m&r-I-net',  a  city,  capital  of  Marinette  oo.. 
Wis.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Menominee  River,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  and  Milwaukee  &  Northern  Railroads,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Oconto.  The  river  is  here  spanned  by  two 
bridges,  which  connect  the  city  with  Menominee,  Mich. 
One  is  of  wooden  structure,  the  other  a  handsome  iron 
bridge  erected  at  a  cost  of  $75,000.  The  city  has  a  court- 
house, a  city  hall,  14  churches,  public  and  parochial  schools, 
2  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  19  saw-mills,  pulp-mills,  iron- 
works, flour-mills,  soap-mills,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  a 
box-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2750;  in  1890,  11,523. 

Maringouin,  mi^riN»*gw4ii»',  a  small  bayou  of  Louisi- 
ana, commences  in  Pointe  Coup6e  parish,  and  flows  south- 
ward through  Iberville  parish  into  Grand  River. 

Maringues,  mi^riuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Thiers.     Pop.  3002. 

Marinha-Grande,  mi-reen'yi-gr4n'di,  a  village  of 
Portugal,  in  Estremadnra,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Leiria.  Pop. 
1600.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of  glass. 

Marinilla,  m8,-re-neel'y4,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia,  in  lat.  5°  41'  N.,  on 
a  plateau  6765  feet  above  sea-level. 

Marino,  mS.-ree'no  (anc.  BovWlmt),  a  town  of  Italy, 
with  a  castle,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  6509. 

Marion,  m&r'e-pn  or  ma'r^-on,  a  northwestern  county 
of  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  796  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Buttahatchee  and  Sipsey  Rivers,  which  rise 
in  it.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.    Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 


MAR 


1765 


MAR 


ucts.  Coal  is  found  in  it.  This  county  is  intersected  in 
the  S.  part  by  the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham 
Railroad.  Capital.  Hamilton.  Pop.  in  1870,  6059 ;  in  1880, 
9364;  in  1890,  11,347. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  borders 
on  Missouri.  Area,  about  631  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  White  River  (which  also  forms  part  of  the  E. 
boundary),  and  is  partly  drained  by  Crooked  Creek,  an 
affluent  of  the  above-named  river.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  aah, 
hickory,  chestnut,  white  oak,  Ac.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  Silu- 
rian limestone  and  marble.  Capital,  Tellville,  situated  on 
Crooked  Creek.  Pop.  in  1870,  3979 ;  in  1880, 7907 ;  in  1890, 
10,390. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Florida.  Area,  about  1600  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Ocklawaha  River,  and  partly  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Orange  Lake,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Withlacoochee 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
several  lakes  and  extensive  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Rail- 
road and  the  Silver  Springs,  Ocala  A  Gulf  Railroad,  both 
of  which  connect  with  Ocala,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,804;  in  1880,  13,046;  in  1890,  20,796. 

Marion,  a  western  county  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of 
about  330  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Kinohafoonee 
Creek  and  other  small  affluents  of  Flint  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Buena  Vista. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8000;  in  1880,  8598;  in  1890,  7728. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  East 
Fork  of  the  Kaskaskia  River,  the  Skillet  Fork  of  the  Little 
Wabash,  and  Crooked  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests, 
in  which  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  silver  maple,  black  walnut, 
and  several  species  of  oak  abound.  A  little  more  than  half 
of  the  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  bitu- 
minous coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  by  the  Chicago  division  of  the  same,  and 
by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad.  Capital,  Salem.  Pop. 
in  1870,20,622;  in  1880,  23,686;  in  1890,24,341. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Eagle  and  Fall  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level.  About  one-third  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the 
state,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  iron,  flour,  paper, 
machinery,  <fcc.  It  is  intersected  by  important  railroads, 
the  names  of  which  are  given  in  the  article  on  Indianap- 
olis, which  is  the  county  town  and  the  capital  of  the  state. 
PoTKin  1870,  71,939;  in  1880,  102,782;  in  1890,  141,156. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  River  and  the  South  Fork  of  Skunk  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Cedar  and  Whitebreast  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
liberally  supplied  with  timber,  and  has  mines  of  bituminous 
coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  and 
the  Wabash  Railroad.  Capital,  Knoxville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,436;  in  1880,  25,111;  in  1890,  23,058. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  954  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Cottonwood  Creek  and  its  branches,  which  rise  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  plain,  mostly  desti- 
tute of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  hay, 
and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  lime- 
stone crops  out  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &,  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1870,  768;  in  1875,  5907;  in  1880, 12,453;  in  1890,  20,539. 

Marion,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  336  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.     This  county  has  plenty  of  lime- 


stone. It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Louisville 
&,  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,838;  in  1880,  14,693;  in  1890,  15,643. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  borders 
on  Louisiana.  Area,  about  1055  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected in  the  W.  part  by  Pearl  River,  and  is  also  drained  in 
the  N.E.  part  by  Black  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
not  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  rice,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  The  S.E.  part  of  this  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  New  Orleans  &  Northeastern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Columbia.  Pop.  in  1870,  4211 ;  in  1880,  6901 ;  in 
1890,  9532. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles,  it  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Sonth 
Fabius,  and  also  drained  by  the  North  and  South  Rivers. 
The  North  Fabius  also  drains  the  N.E.  part.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
blue  ash,  white  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 
&c.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  deep  and 
fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  Indian  com,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  contains  the  city  of  Hanni- 
bal. Capital,  Palmyra.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,780;  in  1880, 
24,837  ;  in  1890,  26,233. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  416  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Scioto  and  Whetstone  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Scioto  River  and  Tymoohtee  Creek.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  about  one-fourth  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  tulip -tree,  sugar-maple,  and 
oak  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Here 
are  quarries  of  corniferous  (Devonian)  limestone,  a  good 
material  for  building,  and  of  Niagara  limestone  (Upper 
Silurian).  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &,  Western  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,184;  hi  1880,  20,565  ;  in  1890,  24,727. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an 
area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Willamette  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  which  forms  part  of  the  S. 
boundary,  and  by  Butte  and  Mill  Creeks.  The  E.  boundary 
extends  along  the  summit  of  the  Cascade  Range  of  moun- 
tains. The  surface  is  diversified  with  grand  and  pictu- 
resque mountain-scenery,  and  extensive  forests  of  oak,  fir, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
butter,  lumber,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  The 
eastern  part  of  this  county  is  of  volcanic  formation.  It  is 
traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Salem,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9965;  in  1880,  14,576;  in  1890,  22,934. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  1024  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Little  Pedee,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Lynch's 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
sandy  and  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  rice,  tar,  and 
turpentine  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  <jb  Augusta  Railroad. 
Capital,  Marion  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,160;  in 
1880,  34,107 ;  in  1890  (area  reduced),  29,976. 

Marion,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Sequatchie  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high 
ridges  or  table-lands,  connected  with  the  Cumberland  moun- 
tain-system. A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cotton,  apd 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of 
bituminous  coal.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  one  of  which 
connects  with  Jasper,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6841 ;  in 
1880,  10,910;  in  1890,  15,411. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  borders 
on  Louisiana.  Area,  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  Caddo  Lake  and  Big  Cypress  Bayou.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  produces  In- 
dian com,  grass,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  and  East  Line  A  Red  River  Railroads. 
Capital,  Jefferson.  Pop.  in  1870,  8562;  in  1880,  10,983; 
in  1890,  10,862. 


MAE. 


1766 


MAR 


Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  urea  of  about  314  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Monongahela  River,  which  flows  in  a  N.E.  direction,  and 
also  drained  by  Tygart's  Valley  River,  which  unites  with 
the  Monongahela  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  and  oats  «ire  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  is  bituminous  coal.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  Monon- 

fahela  River  Railroads,  both  of  which  communicate  with 
airmont,  the  capital.      Pop.  in  1870,   12,107;   in   1880, 
17,198,-  in  1890,  20,721. 

Marion,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Marion  &  Memphis  Railr.oad,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Selma.  Here  is  Howard  College  (Baptist),  which  was 
organized  in  1837.  Marion  also  contains  7  churches,  the 
Marion  Female  Seminary,  the  Judson  Female  Institute,  2 
newspaper  ofSces,  a  savings-bank,  and  some  machine-shops 
of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1982. 

Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crittenden  co..  Ark., 
4  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.     It  has  3  churches. 

Marion,  a  post- village  in  Southington  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  20  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and  1  mile  W. 
of  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church. 

Marion,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Florida  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  the  Suwanee  River. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.  Pop.  747.  Marion 
Station  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Amboy. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.     Pop.  1030. 

Marion,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Williamson  co..  111.,  on 
the  Carbondale  &  Shawneetown  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of 
Carbondale,  and  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cairo.  It  has 
2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  1  or  2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1338. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1319. 

Marion,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Grant  co.,  is 
situated  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  at  the  convergence  of 
three  important  railway  lines,  183  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of 
Indianapolis,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has 
18  churches,  3  banks,  a  National  Home  for  disabled  volun- 
teer soldiers,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers.  It  is  in  an  important  natural-gas  field, 
and  among  its  industries  are  several  iron-foundries,  ma- 
chine-shops, and  glass-factories.  Pop.  in  1880,  3182:  in 
1891),  8769;  in  1895,  about  18,000. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1263. 
It  contains  New  Winchester. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1629. 
It  contains  Rensselaer. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1200. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3006. 
It  contains  Mitchell. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  37. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1767. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1428. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1453. 
It  contains  Fillmore. 

Marion,  a  village  in  Marion  township,  Shelby  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Big  Blue  River,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Noah.    Pc>p.  of  the  township,  949. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1122. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  959. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  129. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  786. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1264. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1298. 

Marion,  a  city,  capital  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marion 
township,  on  the  Dubuque  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &,  Dakota  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  73  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  2  public  school-houses,  one  of  which 
cost  $30,000.  It  has  also  a  foundry,  a  brewery,  1  or  2 
flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  and 
farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  2047  ;  in  1890,  3094. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  860. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  178. 

Marion,  township,  Washington  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1082. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1418.     It  contains  Uniontown. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
tl2.     It  contains  Palermo,  and  is  on  the  Missouri  River. 


Marion,  a  post-township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Lawrence.     Pop.  948. 

Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Paducah,  and  12  miles  from  the 
Ohio  River.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.    Pop.  365. 

Marion,  a  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
River,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Marion,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish.  La.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Monroe. 

Marion,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  l.** 
miles  N.E.  of  Machias.     Pop.  213. 

Marion,  Maryland.    See  Bcrnettsville. 

Marion,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Marion  township,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on 
the  railroad  from  Fairhaven  to  Tremont,  10  miles  E.N.E. 
of  New  Bedford.  It  has  2  large  hotels,  5  churches,  and 
several  boarding-houses.     Pop.  of  the  townshij),  871. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
221.     It  contains  Barnard. 

Marion,  township,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1162. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  733. 

Marion,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Olmsted 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  contains  Chester,  a  village  on  th<* 
Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroad,  and  a  pop.  of  875. 

Marion,  a  village  of  Le  Flore  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo 
River,  about  82  miles  N.  of  Jackson.  See  also  Marios 
Station. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1697 
It  contains  Easton. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  473. 

Marion,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marion  township.  Cole  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  18  miles  above  Jefferson 
City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1108. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  414. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1321. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2284. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2567 

Marion,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3964. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1006. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  2107. 
It  contains  Madison. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Newton  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1166. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.     Pop.  745. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2489.  It 
contains  Bolivar. 

Marion,  a  township  of  St.  Francois  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  854. 
It  contains  Hazel  Run. 

Marion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  i  mile 
N.  of  the  Republican  River,  and  38  miles  S.  of  Lowell. 

Marion,  a  station  on  the  New  York  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  between  Jersey  City  and  Newark, 
N.J.,  3i  miles  from  the  initial  station  at  Jersey  City,  and 
5i  miles  from  Newark. 

Marion,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Wayne  ou., 
N.Y.,  5  or  6  miles  N.  of  Palmyra,  and  about  24  miles  E. 
of  Rochester.  It  contains  3  or  4  churches,  the  Marion  Col- 
legiate Institute,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  a  fanning 
mill  factory.     Pop.  432 ;  of  the  township,  2142. 

Marion,  a  post- village,  capital  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C., 
in  Marion  township,  on  the  Western  Railroad,  about  80 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Charlotte,  and  10  miles  E.  of  the  Blue 
Ridge.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  abour 
1000;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2919. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  2920.  It 
contains  Delphos. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1692.  It 
contains  Blanchester. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.     Pop.  743. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  990. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  671. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.  Pop.  513.  It 
contains  Hamler. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.     Pop.  1561. 

Marion,  a  hamlet  in  Aid  township,  Lawrence  co.,  0., 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Ironton.  Here  is  Aid  Post-Office. 
^  Marion,  a  city  of  Ohio,  the  capital  of  Marion  co.,  is 
situated  at  the  convergence  of  several  railways,  35  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  and  85  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  about  26  churches,  a  high  school 
(with  a  building  erected  at  a  cost  of  $40,000),  4  banks 
(with  a  combined  capital  of  $700,000),  manufactures  of 
carriages,  farming-implements,  furniture,  steam-engines, 
machinery,  steam-shovels  and  dredges,  chairs,  sash  and 
blinds,  &o.  It  has  also  notable  lime  and  stone  industries 
and  6  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1880,  3899 ;  in  1890, 
8327. 


MAR 


1767 


MAR 


Marion,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  1876.  It 
contains  Chickasaw,  Kopel  (or  Marysville),  Rosengarten, 
Carthagena,  and  St.  Johns. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2074.  It 
contains  Chesterfield. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1733.  It 
contains  Summerfield. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  813. 

Marion,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.B.  of  Salem.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  a  warehouse.     Pop.  nearly  100. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  307. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1440.  It 
contains  Stouohsburg. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Butler  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  860. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  823. 

Marion,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cham- 
bersburg.  It  has  a  female  seminary,  a  coach-factory,  and 
3  churches  near  it. 

Marion,  a  borough  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  East  Ma- 
honing township,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  310.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Brady. 

Marion,  a  decayed  village  of  Angelina  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Angelina  River,  about  76  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palestine. 

Marion,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Guadalupe  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Galveston  4  Harrisburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Seguin. 

Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic, 
Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Abingdon, 
and  160  miles  'W.S.W,  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  a  female  college,  a  high  school  (male),  6 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  barytes,  chairs,  and  ploughs. 
Pop.  in  1880,  919;  in  1890,  1651. 

Marion,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Fairmont. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Grant  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin River.     Pop.  726. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Juneau  co..  Wis.     Pop.  338. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Waushara  co.)  Wis.     Pop.  569. 

Marion  and  Crozet  Islands.   See  Crozet  Islands. 

Marion  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape  Breton  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mira  River,  12  miles  from  Sydney.  P.  150. 

Marion  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co., 
Kansas,  on  Cottonwood  Creek,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Em- 
poria, and  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Florence  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  857 ,-  in  1890,  2047. 

Marion  Conrt-Honse,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Marion  co.,  S.C,  in  Marion  township,  on  the  Wilmington, 
Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  102  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  87  miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  Pop. 
968 ;  of  the  township,  2490. 

Marion  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Marion  &  Memphis  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Selma. 

Marion  Lake,  township,  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.   P.  602. 

Marion  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Meridian.     It  has  a  high  school  and  2  churches. 

Ma'rionville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  on 
or  near  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  contains  the  Marionville  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute, 4  churches,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Marionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Pompey  township,  3i  miles  from  Summit  Station. 

Marionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  about 
83  miles  E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Mariopol,  mi-re-o'p9l,  Marinpol,  or  Marionpol, 
ml-ree-oo'p9l,  written  also  Mariapol,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  140  miles  S.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav.    P.  9037. 

Mariont,  or  Marioot,  Egypt.     See  Mareotis. 

Maripoca,  mi-re-po-koo',  a  village  of  Brazil,  province 
and  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  a  small  river  of 
the  same  name.     Pop.  1800. 

Maripo'sa,  a  county  of  California,  ia  near  the  middle 
of  the  state.  Area,  about  1570  square  miles.  It  is  mostly 
drained  by  the  Merced  and  Mariposa  Rivers.  The  Sierra 
Nevada  extends  along  the  N.E.  border  of  this  county,  the 
surface  of  which  presents  mountain-scenery  of  exceeding 
beauty  and  sublimity.  Among  its  remarkable  features  are 
Cathedral  Peak,  which  is  about  11,000  feet  high,  and  the 
famous  Yosemite  Valley.  (See  Yosemite.)  It  also  contains 
a  ifrove  of  enormous  trees  {Sequoia  gigantea).  Some  of  these 


are  about  320  feet  high  and  30  feet  in  diameter.  Gold  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  This  is  one  of  the  great  gold- 
producing  counties  of  California,  the  annual  yield  since 
the  discovery  having  been  large.  Capital,  Mariposa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4572;  in  1880,  4339;  in  1890,  3787. 

Mariposa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mariposa  oo.,  Cal., 
is  situated  in  a  mountainous  region,  about  90  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Stockton,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  the  Yosemite  Valley. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  2  superior  hotels.  Gold  is  found  near  this 
place,  and  is  the  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  about  500. 

Mariposa,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  680. 

Mariposa  River,  California,  rises  in  Mariposa  oo., 
near  the  Yosemite  Valley,  and  runs  first  southwestward.  It 
next  runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin 
Riv^er  in  Merced  co.  It  is  about  120  miles  long.  Gold  is 
found  near  this  river. 

Marippi,  m&-rip'pee,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
Hiapura,  about  40  miles  from  the  Amazon. 

Mariquita,  m&-re-kee't&,  a  town  in  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  in  the  department  of  Cundinamarca  (formerly 
the  capital  of  a  province),  10  miles  W.  of  Honda. 

Maris'sa,  a  post- village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.B.  of 
Belleville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing- 
mill. 

Marissns,  or  Marisns,  Transylvania.     See  Maros. 

Maritima  Colonia  Antiliorum.    See  Martigues. 

Mar'itime  Alps  (anc.  Marit'imm  Al'pes),  the  name  of 
a  division  of  the  Alps,  extending  from  the  head  of  the  Gulf 
of  Genoa  westward  to  Monte  Viso,  near  the  sources  of  th« 
Po.     See  Alpes-Maritimes. 

Maritimo,  m&-ree'te-mo,  Marit'timo,  or  Mareti- 
mo  (anc.  Hi'era  or  Marit'ima),  an  island  of  the  Mediter 
ranean,  oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily,  with  a  castle  on  its  N.E. 
coast.     Length,  3}  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Marits,  Morrow  oo.,  Ohio.     See  Denuark. 

Maritza,  or  Marizza,  m&-rit'8&  (anc.  He'brtu),  the 
principal  river  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  the  area  of  nearly  the 
whole  of  which  province  is  comprised  in  its  basin,  rises  on 
the  N.E.  slope  of  Despoto  Dagh,  flows  S.E.  and  S.S.W.,  and 
enters  the  Mgean  Sea  opposite  Enos.     Length,  260  miles. 

Mariapol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mariopol. 

Marivillier,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Ammersweiep 

Mar  Jonico,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  Ionian  Sea. 

Marjow,  mar^jSw',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  15  miles  N.  of  Onore,  and  conjectured  to  be  th«» 
ancient  Muairit, 

Mark,  or  De  Mark,  di  mank,  a  river  of  the  Nether- 
lands, rises  in  Belgium,  assumes  the  name  of  Dintel,  and 
enters  the  Volke  Rak,  after  a  course  of  about  40  miles. 

Mark,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.     Pop.  695. 

Markah,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Merkah. 

Mark  Centre,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Mark  town- 
ship, Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Bal 
timore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Defiance. 

Mark'dale,  or  East  Glen^elg'  (also  called  Com- 
abuss),  a  post- village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto, 
Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  92i  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It 
contains  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  6 
stores.     Pop.  260. 

Markdorf,  maRk'doRf,  a  town  of  Baden,  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1778. 

Mark-Diiren,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  DtJREN. 

Markelo,  man^k^h-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  16  miles  E.  of  Deventer.  Pop.  of  commune, 
4319. 

Markelville,  Perry  co.,  Pa.    See  Markletillb. 

Marken,  maR'k^n,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  North  Holland,  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  10  miles  N.B 
of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1044. 

Mar^kesan',  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  oo.,  Wis.,  in 
Mackford  township,  on  Grand  River,  about  28  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Portage  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post 
office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Market.  For  places  with  the  prefix  Market,  not  under- 
mentioned, refer  to  their  additional  names. 

Mar'ket-Deep'ing,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, 93  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  1235. 

Market-Dereham,  England.    See  East  Dereham. 

Market-Drayton,  England.  See Drayton-in-Hales. 

Mar'ket-Har'borough,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and 
16i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leicester,  on  the  Welland,  at  a  railway 
junction.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  said  to  have  been 
erected  by  John  of  Gaunt.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  th« 
Sherard  family.     Pop.  (1891)  5876. 

Mar'kethill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  miles  8.K 


MAR 


176S 


MAR 


of  Armagh.  It  has  a  neat  court-house  and  jail,  and  a  cas- 
tellated seat  of  Lord  Gosford.     Pop.  1148. 

Market-in-Hales.      See  Dratton-in-Hales. 

Market  Jew,  a  town  of  England.    See  Marazion. 

Mar'ket  Lake,  a  village  of  Oneida  oc,  Idaho,  on 
Snake  River,  near  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  Utah 
Northern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Eagle  Rock,  and  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Fort  Hall.  The  lake  is  dry  during  the  summer. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  village. 

Markham,  mark'am,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Markham,  a  post-oflace  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N,Y.,  on 
the  Buffalo  <fc  Jamestown  Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Markham,  mark'am,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario, 
22i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.    It  has  a  weekly  news- 

Eaper,  several  churches  and  mills,  and  manufactories  of 
ells,  iron  castings,  machinery,  carriages,  leather,  wooden- 
ware,  Ac,  about  12  stores,  and  4  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Markham  Station,  a  small  post-village  of  Fauquier 
<50.,  Va.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Manassas  with 
Strasburg,  65  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.     It  has  a  church. 

Markinch,  mar'kinch^  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  a  railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Kirkcaldy.      Pop.  1237. 

Markirch,  maR'kggRK,  or  Mariakirch,  mi-ree'i- 
fcggRK^  (Fr.  Sainte -Marie -aux -Mines,  siNt-m4^ree'-o- 
meen),  a  town  of  Alsace,  12  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Schlettstadt. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  linens,  beer,  paper,  and 
leather,  and  old  mines  of  lead  and  copper.     Pop.  12,319. 

Mark'land,a  post-village  and  shipping-point  of  Swit- 
zerland CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  75  miles  below  Cincin- 
nati. It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

MarkJe,  mar'k'l,  a  post- village  in  Rock  Creek  township, 
Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Huntington.  It  has  several  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  218. 

Markle,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alleghany  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  W.  of  Apollo.  It  has  a  church, 
i.n  academy,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mark'leeville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Alpine  co., 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  100  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce  and  3  saw-mills. 

Marklesburg,  mar'kl'z-burg,  a  borough  of  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  A  Broad  Top  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  2  churches  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  300,     Post-oflBce,  James  Creek. 

Markleville,  mar'k'1-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Anderson.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  83. 

Markleville,  or  Markelville,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Juniata  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Markleysburg,  mark'liz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fay- 
ette CO.,  Pa.,  in  Clay  township,  19  or  20  miles  S.E.  of  Union- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Marklissa,  maRk-lis'sS.,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.     Pop.  2224. 

Markneukirchen,  maRk'noi^kSgRS-^n,  a  town  of 
Saxony,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  4157. 

Markobel,  maR-kS'b^l,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  near  Hanau,  on  the  Kobelsbach.     Pop.  1127. 

Markoldendorf,  maR-kol'd^n-doRf,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hanover,  on  the  Ilm,  opposite  Oldendorf,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  966. 

Markovecz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Marcovecz. 

Mark-Ran8t£Ldt,maRk^-r&n'stitt,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Saxony,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2097. 

Marksborough,  marks'bur-rflh,  a  post- village  of  War- 
ren CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Paulinskill  River,  3  miles  from  Blairs- 
town  Station,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Belvidere.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mark's  Creek,  of  Richmond  co.,  North  Carolina,  flows 
Into  Yadkin  River  near  the  S.  boundary  of  the  state. 

Mark's  Creek,  township.  Wake  co.,  N.C,     Pop.  1396. 

Marks'ville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  3  miles  S.  of  Red  River,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of 
Opelousas.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  convent,  and  a 
church.     Pop.  in  1890,  540. 

Marksville,  New  Jersey.    See  Marksborough. 

Marksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  8  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Luray.    It  has  a  church,  flour-mill,  and  saw-mill. 

Markt,  maskt,  a  German  word,  signifying  "market," 
forming  a  part  of  the  names  of  numerous  towns  and  vil- 
lages of  Germany. 

Markt-Breit,  maRkt-brite,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  2229, 

Markt-Erlbach.  a  t^wn  of  Bavaria.     See  Erlbach. 


Marktheidenfeld,  Bavaria.     See  Heidenfeld. 

Markt  Leugast,  Germany.     See  Leugast. 

Markt-Offingen,  Bavaria.     See  Offinge.v. 

Marktsteft,  maRkt'stfift,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  tna 
Main,  45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1131. 

Markt-Zeula,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Zeula. 

Mark  West,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  63  miles  N.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Maryland  Yil'Iage,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Andover  township,  1  mile  N.  of  Andover,  on  Shawsheen 
River,     It  has  a  woollen-mill, 

Marlborongh,  marl'b'riih  or  mawl'brp,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Kennet,  here  crossed  by  sev- 
eral bridges,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  10  miles 
W.  of  Hungerford.  It  has  numerous  antique  houses,  an 
old  Norman  church,  grammar-school  or  college,  a  superior 
secondary  school,  a  guild  hall  with  assembly-rooms,  and 
manufactures  of  rope  and  sacking.  The  borough  sends  a 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop,  (1891)  3012. 

Marlborough,  marl'biir-riih,  a  county  in  the  N,E. 
part  of  South  Carolina,  borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area, 
about  530  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Great  Pcdee  River.  It  has  extensive  forests  and  a  feri,ile 
soil.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Palmetto  Railroad, 
the  Cape  Fear  k  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Charleston, 
Sumter  A  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Bennettsville,  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,814;  in  1880,  20,598;  in  1890,  23,600, 

Marlborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co,,  Conn,, 
in  Marlborough  township,  17  or  18  miles  S,E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  476. 

Marlborough,  Maryland.    See  Upper  MARLBOROUoa. 

Marlborongh,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Marlborough  township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  k  Fitch- 
burg  Railroad,  and  the  Marlborough  Branch  of  the  Fitch- 
burg  Railroad,  32  miles  W,  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  20  extensive  manu- 
factories of  boots  and  shoes,  also  manufactures  of  machinery 
and  cigars.  It  contains  7  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  10,127;  in  1890,  13,805. 

Marlborongh,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co,,  N,H.,  in 
Marlborough  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Keene,  about  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  from  Marlborough 
Depot,  which  is  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad.  Marlborough 
has  also  a  station  on  the  Manchester  k  Keene  Railroad.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  machine-shops,  2  saw-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  blankets,  yarn,  pails,  Ac. ;  also  a 
granite-quarry.     Pop,  of  the  township  in  1890,  1695, 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
in  Marlborough  township,  on  the  Freehold  A  New  York 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Freehold,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Key- 
port,     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2231, 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marlborough  township,  about  1  mile  W,  of  the  Hudson 
River,  and  65  miles  N.  of  New  York,  It  has  4  churches, 
several  flour-mills,  a  shoddy-mill,  a  basket-factory,  and 
about  50  houses.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by 
the  Hudson  River,  and  contains  another  village,  named 
Milton.  Many  peaches,  raspberries,  and  grapes  are  ex- 
ported from  it.     Pop,  in  1890,  870  ;  of  the  township,  3598. 

Marlborough,  a  station  (Marlsville  Post-Office)  in 
Bladen  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co,  N.C,  about 
75  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, a  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Marlborough,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop. 
562.     It  contains  Norton. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  in  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Stark  CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Akron,  and  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  graded  school,  several 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  Ac.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1870. 

Marlborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about 
8  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Marlborough,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1303. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  J> 
miles  from  the  Nashville  A  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Marlborongh,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  665. 

Marlborough  (formerly  Cedar  Creek),  a  post-ham- 
let of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  14  or  15  milet 
S.W.  of  Winchester.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill 


MAR 


1769 


MAR 


Marlborough  Conrt-Honse.   See  Bbnnett8yili,k. 

Marlborough  Depot*  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough 
township,  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.£.  of  Keene.     It  has  manufactures  of  wooden-ware. 

Marie*  maRl  (L.  Mame),  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Laon.     Pop.  2228. 

Marlenheim,  maR'l^n-nime^  (Fr.  pron.  maRUdn^dm'), 
a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stras- 
burg.     Pop.  1641. 

Marlette*  mar-let',  a  post- village  in  Marlette  town- 
ship, Sanilao  co.,  Mich.,  30  miles  W.  of  Lexington,  and 
about  72  miles  N.  of  Betroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1 890,  2370. 

Marley*  Maryland.     See  Mablt. 

Mar'ley's  Mills,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C., 
23  miles  W.  of  Pittsborough.  Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Mar'lin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Waco  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
160  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  about  2  miles  E.  of 
the  Brazos  River.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  semi- 
naries.    A  newspaper  is  published  here.    Pop.  (1890)  2068. 

Marlin's  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co., 
W.  Va.,  35  miles  N.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

Marlow,  maR'lov,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  1906. 

Marlow,  Great,  England.    See  Great  Marlow. 

Marlow,  mar'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  EfSngham  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Savan- 
nah. It  is  near  the  Ogeeohee  River.  It  has  9  dwellings 
and  a  printing-office. 

Marlow,  a  post- village  in  Marlow  township,  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Keene,  and  about  38  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Concord.  It  contains  an  academy,  3  churches, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  716. 

Marlow,  or  Saint  Come,  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  15  miles  from  Jersey 
River  ChaudiSre.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  3  stores,  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  300. 

Marls'ville,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  at  Marl- 
borough Station  of  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad. 

Marl 'ton,  a  post-village  in  Evesham  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  6  miles  E.  of  Haddonfield,  and  about  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  about  340. 

Mar'ly,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Marly-le-Roi,  maRMee'-l^h-Rwi,  a  village  of  France, 
m  Seine- et-Oise,  4  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Seine,  cele- 
brated as  the  residence  of  Louis  XIV.,  and  for  the  hy- 
draulic works  which  he  planned  to  convey  water  to  Ver- 
sailles.    Pop.  1302. 

Marmagne,  maR^m3,n',  a  village  of  France,  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1245. 

Marmande,  maR^m6Nd'  (L.  Marmanda),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  35  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Agen.  Pop.  6037.  It  is  nearly  surrounded 
by  an  esplanade  planted  with  trees  and  ornamented  with 
fountains.  Principal  edifices,  the  town  hall,  court-house, 
and  communal  college.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and 
woollen  cloths,  brandy,  ticking,  ropes,  bats,  <&c.,  and  a  small 
port  for  steamboats  which  ply  daily  to  Bordeaux. 

Marmanhac,  maR^man^&k',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Cantal,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1670. 

Marmaras,  Marmarass,  maR^m&-r&ss',  or  Mar> 
morice,  maa^mo-reece',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the 
head  of  the  Bay  of  Marmaras,  27  miles  N.  of  Rhodes.  It 
has  an  export  trade  in  timber,  valonia,  turpentine,  honey, 
wax,  leeches,  &c.  Near  it  are  some  remains  of  the  ancient 
Physcm.  Cape  Marmaras  is  at  the  entrance  of  the  bay, 
lat.  36°  42'  40"  N.,  Ion.  28°  20'  E. 

Marmaros,  maR^m5hVosh',  a  county  of  Hungary,  in 
the  N.E.,  bordering  on  Galicia,  Bukowina,  and  Transyl- 
vania. Area,  3998  square  miles.  Szigeth  is  the  capital. 
Pop.  220,506. 

Marmenor,  maR-mi-noR',  a  lagoon  of  Spain,  in  Mur- 
cia,  extending  N.  from  Cape  Palos  about  14  miles.  Great- 
est breadth,  about  6  miles.  It  is  separated  from  the  Medi- 
terranean by  a  sand-bank  about  500  yards  broad. 

Marmirolo,  maR-me-ro'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4002. 

Mar'miton,  a  small  river,  which  rises  in  Allen  co., 
Kansas,  runs  eastward  through  Bourbon  co.,  passes  into 
Missouri,  and  enters  the  Little  Osage  River  in  Vernon  co., 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Nevada. 

Marmiton,  or  Marmaton,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon 
•0.,  Kansas,  on  the  Marmiton  River,  in  a  township  of  the 

112 


same  name,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  is  2  mile«> 
N.W.  of  Marmiton  Station  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad.     Poj).  of  the  township,  1071. 

Marmol^o,  or  Marmolexo,  maR-mo-l&'Ho,  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Jaen,  on  the 
Guadalquivir.     Pop.  3078. 

Mar'mont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  about 
34  miles  N.  of  Logansport. 

Marmora,  mar'mg-r^  (or  Marmara,  mar'm%-r%), 
Sea  of  (anc.  Propon'tia),  is  situated  between  Europe  and 
Asia,  communicating  with  the  Grecian  Archipelago  by  the 
Strait  of  the  Dardanelles,  and  with  the  Black  Sea  by  the 
Bosporus.  Its  extreme  length  is  above  160  miles ;  its  great- 
est breadth,  nearly  50  miles.  This  sea  receives  its  appella- 
tion from  Marmora  (anc.  Proconne'stta),  a  small  island  to- 
wards its  western  extremity,  lat.  40°  36'  N.,  Ion.  27°  35' 
E.,  which  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  marble-quarries, 
whence  it  is  supposed  to  derive  its  name,  tnarmor  (in  the 
plural  marmora)  being  the  Latin  word  for  "marble." 

Mar'mora,  or  Mar'mara,  a  large  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Marmora,  La,  Italy.    See  La  Marhora. 

Marmora,  an  island  of  Turkey.  See  Marmora,  Sea  of. 

Mar'mora,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Crow  River,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains 
gold-  and  iron-mines.  The  latter  are  considered  the  largest 
deposits  of  magnetic  iron  ore  in  the  province.  One  com- 
pany is  engaged  in  the  iron-mines,  and  4  mills  in  crushing 
quartz.  The  village  contains  3  hotels,  6  stores,  and  flour- 
and  saw-mills,  &o.     Pop.  250. 

Marmore,  a  river  of  Bolivia.    See  Mamore. 

Marmorice,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Marmaras. 

Mar'mot  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  56'  30"  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  30"  W.  Alti- 
tude, 11,600  feet. 

Marmoutier,  maR^moo^te-&'  (Ger.  Mauermilnater, 
mdw'^r-mUn^st^r ;  L.  Mau'ri  Monaste'rium),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Strasburg,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Vosges  Mountains.     Pop.  2103. 

Marmurio,  the  Latin  name  of  Mormoiron. 

Mame,  maRn  (anc.  Mat'rona),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
S.  of  Langres,  passes  Saint-Didier,  and  joins  the  Seine  on 
the  right  at  Charenton.  Chief  affluents  on  the  left,  the 
Petit  Morin  and  Grand  Morin ;  on  the  right,  the  Omain  and 
Ourcq.     Length,  210  miles. 

Marne,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  part  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Champagne.  Area, 
3116  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 434,692.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Marne  and  the  Seine.  A  great  part  of  the  department  is 
comprised  in  the  district  formerly  called  Champagne- Pouil- 
leuse.  Its  sandy  plains,  formerly  naked,  have  been  lately 
planted  with  pines.  Grain  is  raised  more  than  necessary 
for  consumption.  The  vine  forms  the  principal  produce 
of  the  department,  which  exports  much  champagne  wine ; 
the  chief  minerals  are  millstones,  limestone,  and  marl 
(marne).  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondisse 
ments  of  Chalons,  Epernay,  Reims,  Sainte-Menehould,  and 
Vitry-le-Fran^ais.     Capital,  Chaions-sur-Mame. 

Marne,  maR'n§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
South  Ditmarsh,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2066. 

Marne,  the  Latin  name  of  Marlb. 

Marne,  m&m,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  <fc  Paoifio 
Railroad,  6i  miles  N.W.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  hotel,  and  3  stores. 

Maro'a,  a  post-village  in  Maroa  township,  Macon  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  and  Illinois  Midland  Rail- 
roads, 13  miles  N.  of  Decatur,  and  31  miles  S.  of  Blooming- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  wind- 
mills.    Pop.  766 ;  of  the  township,  1824. 

Marocco,  or  Marochium.    See  Morocco. 

Maroilles,  miVwil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  M 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2022. 

Maroim,  mi-ro-eeN«',  written  also  Mornim,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  on  the  navigable  river  Cotinguiba,  20  miles  from 
the  sea,  and  15  miles  above  Aracajd.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
large  trade,  and  the  residence  of  foreign  merchants  and 
consuls. 

Marolles  les  Branx,  m&^roll'  1&  brO,  a  town  ot 
France,  in  Sarthe,  arrondissement  of  Mamers.     Pop.  947. 

Maro'mas,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Middletown. 

Maromme,  m&^romm',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  railway  t» 
Dieppe.     It  has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  2457. 

Maroni,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Mabowtkb. 


MAR 


1770 


MAR 


Ilfaronne,  a  river  of  France.    See  La  Maronne. 

Ma'roon'  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  4'  30"  N.,  Ion,  106*  59'  20"  W.  Its 
altitude  is  14,003  feet  above  the  sea-level.  This  peak  is  so 
named  from  the  peculiar  color  of  the  sandstone  of  which  it 
is  composed. 

Maroot,  miVoot',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  64  miles 
E.  of  Bhawlpoor.  It  is  a  mart  for  grain,  and  a  garrison 
station. 

Marore,  m4-ro'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  4507. 

Maros,  mSr^sh',  or  Marosch,  m&'rosh^  (anc.  Mari- 
*U8,  or  Marissm),  a  river  of  Transylvania,  rises  near  the 
frontier  of  Moldavia,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Theisa  oppo- 
site Szegedin.  Length,  about  400  miles.  Afluents,  the 
Eokel  and  Strahl. 

Maros,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Nagt  Mabos. 

Maros,  mi'roce,  or  Marusa,  mi-roo'si,  a  Dutch 
province  of  Celebes,  N.  of  Macassar.  It  is  traversed  by  a 
river  of  the  same  name,  has  great  mineral  wealth  and  fine 
scenery,  and  is  productive  of  rice.  Capital,  Maros,  a  con- 
siderable town.     Total  pop.  120,000. 

Maros,  mi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Corunna, 
80  miles  W.  of  Santiago,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  bay  of  the  same 
name.  It  is  an  important  fishing  station,  and  contains  a 
custom-bouse. 

Marostica,  m3,-ros'te-k&,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Vicenza.  Pop.  4074.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  manufactories  of  straw  hats. 

Maros- Torda,  mShVosh'-toR'dSh^  a  county  in  the  E. 
of  Transylvania,  approaching  on  the  north  the  boundaries 
of  Bukovina  and  Roumania.  Area,  1665  square  miles. 
Capital,  Maros- V^sirhely.     Pop.  165,267. 

Maros-TU-Var-Also,  m5hVosh'-oo*e-v|B'-&r8ho',  a 
town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Maros,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Karlsburg.     Pop.  2822. 

Maros- VAsArhely,  mSh^rosh'-vi'sh&B^hil'  (ano.Ayro- 
polisf),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Maros-Torda,  on  the  Maros,  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hermann- 
stadt.  It  is  fortified,  and  generally  well  built,  and  has  5 
churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  seminary,  a  college,  a  library  of 
60,000  volumes,  and  a  good  cabinet  of  minerals.  Not  far 
from  the  town  is  a  strong  castle,  in  which  a  garrison  is 
stationed.     Pop.  12,678. 

Maroth-Aranyos,  m5h^rot'-5h^r6n'yo8h'  (Slavonic, 
Morcwcze  f),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bars,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Neutra.     Pop.  1775. 

Marowyne,miVo-win'  or  mi^ro-wi'n^h,  or  Maroni, 
m4-ro-nee',  a  river  of  South  America,  forms  the  limit  be- 
tween Dutch  and  French  Guiana.     Length,  400  miles. 

Marpach,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Mabbach. 

Mar  Pacifico,  the  Spanish  for  Pacific  Ocean. 

Marple,  marVl,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  858. 

Marple's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Marpod,  maB^pod',  or  Mariapod,  m4-ree'i-pod\  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  E.  of  Hermannstadt.    Pop.  1120. 

Marquain,  maB^k&N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1200. 

Mar^quand',  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  118 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Marquesas, maB-ki's4s  (or  Mendaiia,  mfin-dS,n'yi), 
Islands  (Fr.  Lea  Marquises,  li  maB^keez'),  a  group  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  8°  and  11°  S.  and  about 
Ion.  140°  W.,  comprising  13  islands,  the  principal  being 
Nookaheeva,  70  miles  in  circuit.  The  coasts  are  generally 
inaccessible,  rising  from  the  water  like  walls.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  but  in  the  interior  the  soil  is  fertile,  pro- 
ducing pulse,  cocoa-nuts,  yams,  bamboos,  wild  cotton,  and 
sugar-cane.  The  inhabitants  exchange  live-stock  and  vege- 
tables in  return  for  European  goods.  Resolution  Bay,  in 
Tahuata,  and  Pdrt  Jarvis,  in  Roapoa,  are  the  best  harbors 
in  these  islands.  The  Marquesas  were  discovered  in  1595 
by  Alonzo  Mendana  de  Neyva.  They  were  subsequently 
visited  and  described  by  Cook  and  the  Forsters  in  1774, 
when  Hood's  Island  was  added  to  the  group.  In  1791 
three  more  were  discovered  by  Captain  Ingraham,  an 
American  navigator,  and  were  named  Washington  Islands. 
In  1842  the  Marquesas  acknowledged  the  sovereignty  of 
France.     Pop.  6011. 

Marquette,  mlR^kJt',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  3  miles  from  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  chem- 
icals, sugar,  and  gin.     Pop.  2925. 

Marauette,  mar-kef,  a  large  county  of  Michigan,  is  a 


part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E, 
by  Lake  Superior,  and  is  drained  by  the  Escanaba  and 
Michigaming  Rivers,  with  jnany  lesser  streams.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine,  &o.  This  county  has  iron-mines  the  product  of  which 
for  a  single  year  has  reached  1,921,525  tons,  and  the  total 
product  from  the  opening  of  the  mines  to  the  present  time 
has  been  greater  probably  than  that  of  any  other  county 
of  the  United  States.  Among  the  other  minerals  of  this 
county  are  granite  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Duluth,  South  Shore  &,  Atlantic  Railroad  and  the  Penin- 
sula division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
It  has  an  area  of  2399  square  miles.  Capital,  Marquette. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,033;  in  1880,  25,394;  in  1890,  39,521. 

Marquette,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Wisoon-" 
sin,  has  an  area  of  about  481  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Fox  River,  which  here  expands  into  a  long  lake, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Mecan  and  Montello  Rivers. 
Pacawa  Lake  touches  the  eastern  border  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cran- 
berries, oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  connects 
with  Montello,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8066;  in  187.'^ 
8697;  in  1880,  8908;  in  1890,  9676. 

Marquette,  a  post- village  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Smoky  Hill  River,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Salina.  It 
has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Marquette,  a  city  and  summer  resort,  capital  of  Mar 
quette  co.,  Mich.,  is  situated  in  a  township  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  about  500  miles 
by  water  from  Detroit,  and  430  miles  by  railroad  N.  of 
Chicago.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Marquette,  Hough- 
ton &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  and  is  about  95  miles  S.E.  of 
Houghton.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and  several  very  long 
piers  extending  into  the  lake.  It  contains  an  opera-house, 
3  public  halls,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  convent,  gas-works,  several  machine- 
shops  and  saw-mills,  a  rolling-mill,  foundries,  3  iron-blast- 
furnaces, and  a  quarry  of  roofing-slate.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  bishop.  Great  quantities  of  iron  ore  are 
mined  in  Marquette  co.,  nearly  1,000,000  tons  being  some- 
times exported  from  this  place  in  a  year.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4690;  in  1890,  9093;  of  the  township,  additional,  268. 

Marquette,  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  in 
Marquette  township,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Pacawa  Lake  (an 
expansion  of  Fox  River),  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Portage 
City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1058. 

Marquette  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Newaygo  co., 
runs  northwestward  through  Lake  co.  and  westward  through 
Mason  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Ludington.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Mar'quez,  or  Mar'qnis,  a  post-village  of  Leon  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Hearne.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Marquina,  maR-kee'n&,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  15 
miles  E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  562. 

Marquise,  maB^keez',  a  village  of  France,  in  Paa-de- 
Calais,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boulogne.  It  has  a  marble- 
quarry,  tanneries,  forges,  and  foundries.     Pop.  3923. 

Marr,  Medina  co.,  0.     See  Chippewa  Lake. 

Marr,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     See  Pleasaxt  Valley. 

Marraboo,  Marrabou,  or  Marrabu,  mar-r4-boo' 
a  walled  town  of  Africa,  state  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Niger, 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sego. 

Marradi,  maR-E&'dee,  a  village  of  Italy,  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Florence.     Pop.  8226. 

Marrah,  mar'ri,  a  town  of  Syria,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Damascus,  with  some  good  edifices,  now  in  decay. 

Marrah,  a  town  of  Syria,  43  miles  S.E.  of  Aleppo. 

Mar'riott's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Lunenburg.     Pop.  250. 

Mar'riottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Balti- 
more.    It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Mar  Rojo,  or  Mar  Rosso.    See  Red  Sea. 

Mar'ron,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  about  28 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Altoona. 

Mar'rowbone,  a  township  of  Moultrie  oo..  111.  Pop. 
1127.     It  contains  Bethany. 

Marrowbone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky., 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Marr's,  a  township  of  Posey  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  2029. 

Marr's  liand'ing,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn  ,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  35  miles  below  Hickman,  Ky. 


MAR 


1771 


MAR 


Marrubio,  maii-Roo'be-o,  a  village  on  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  near  the  large  lagoon  of  Sassa.     Pop.  1279. 

Marrueco  and  Marruecos,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 

Marram,  miR'num,  or  Merrum,  m£R'Riim,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  Friesland,  9  miles  N.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Mars,  marz,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  New  Castle  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  at  Overbrook 
Station,  20  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Marsac,  maR^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Ddme, 
37  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  562. 

Marsaglia,  maR-8&I'7&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  E.N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  952. 

Marsala,  maR-s&'l&  (anc.  Lilybse'um),  a  fortified  sea- 
port city  of  Sicily,  on  its  W.  coast,  20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Trapani.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls,  and  has  a 
cathedral,  several  convents  and  abbeys,  a  gymnasium,  large 
cavalry  barracks,  an  old  castle,  and  a  curious  vibrating 
bell-tower.  Its  ancient  port  was  filled  up  in  1580  by  Don 
John  of  Austria  to  prevent  its  becoming  useful  to  corsairs ; 
it  has  an  artificial  port.  The  principal  importance  of  Mar- 
sala is  due  to  its  wine-trade.  The  district  is  estimated  to 
yield  annually  about  30,000  pipes  of  wine,  of  which  two- 
thirds  are  exported.  Marsala  also  exports  corn,  cattle,  oil, 
salt,  and  soda.  Marsala,  under  the  name  of  Lilyboeum, 
was  the  chief  fortress  of  the  Carthaginians  in  Sicily,  and 
figures  much  in  history.     Pop.  34,202. 

Marsan,  Le,  France.     See  Lb  Marsan. 

Marsberg,  maRs'b^RG,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nibdbr,  nee'- 
d^r  (the  latter  is  called  also  Stadtberge,  st&t'biRO-Qh), 
two  contiguous  towns  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  33  miles  E. 
of  Arnsberg.     United  pop.  4166. 

Mars  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  87 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Marschendorf,  maR'sh^n-doRr  (Bohemian,  Mareesow, 
mi-rSs-sov'),  a  village  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  N.  of  Konig- 
gratz,  in  a  valley  on  the  Aupa.     Pop.  1400. 

Marsciano,  maR-shi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Perugia.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,610. 

Mars 'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  7  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop.  of  township,  2811. 

Mars'den,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Mars-Diep,  maRS-de-fip',  a  strait  in  the  Netherlands, 
separating  the  island  of  Texel  from  the  mainland,  2  miles 
across,  and  the  principal  entrance  from  the  W.  into  the 
Zuyder  Zee.     The  town  of  Holder  is  on  its  6.  shore. 

Mars eil Ian,  maR^si^yftiso',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6- 
rault,  18  miles  E.  of  B^ziers,  on  the  Etang  de  Thau.  Near 
it  are  salt-pans.     Pop.  3885. 

Marseilles,  mar-silz'  (Fr.  Marseille,  maR^sil'  or  maR^- 
si'y^h  ;  It.  Massiglia,  m4s-seel'y4  ;  Sp.  Marsella,  miR-sfil'- 
y4 ;  L.  Masail'ia  ;  Gr.  Mao-craAia,  Maaaalia),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Bouches-du-Rh&ne,  and  the  most 
important  seaport  of  the  republic,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  a 
finely-sheltered  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Lyons, 
200  miles  S.E.  of  Lyons,  and  635  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris. 
Lat.  43°  17'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  22'  15"  E.  The  city  is  built  on 
the  acclivity  and  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  around  which  a  semi- 
circular chain  of  loftier  hills  rises  at  a  short  distance,  leaving 
the  view  open  to  the  sea.  It  is  divided  into  the  old  town 
on  the  W.  and  the  new  town  on  the  E.  The  site  of  the 
former  is  very  uneven ;  the  streets  are  narrow  and  irregu- 
lar, and  the  houses  which  line  them  are  of  great  height. 
The  new  town,  on  the  opposite  side,  is  traversed  from  N.  to 
S.  by  a  long  and  splendid  thoroughfare,  beginning  at  the 
Aix  gate  and  terminating  at  the  Place  Castellane.  Almost 
all  the  other  streets  are  spacious,  and  lined  with  handsome 
houses.  Between  the  old  and  new  towns  is  a  street,  or 
promenade,  called  the  Grand  Cours,  planted  with  a  double 
row  of  trees,  adorned  with  fine  fountains,  and  bordered 
with  many  elegant  mansions.  The  public  edifices  most 
deserving  of  notice  are  the  cathedral,  the  episcopal  palace, 
the  large  Gothic  church  of  St.  Michel,  the  palais  de  justice, 
the  church  of  St.  Victor,  of  great  antiquity,  and  originally 
consisting  of  a  grotto,  or  cavern,  in  which  the  first  Chris- 
tians were  accustomed  to  meet  in  secret  for  worship ;  the 
lofty  belfry,  all  that  the  revolution  of  1793  has  allowed  to 
remain  of  the  once  beautiful  Gothic  church  of  the  Accoules ; 
the  church  of  Chartreux;  the  h&tel  de  ville,  a  heavy 
building;  the  prefecture,  a  large  edifice,  surrounded  by  a 
well-laid-out  garden ;  the  museum,  observatory,  library, 
theatres,  the  triumphal  arch,  and  the  spacious  and  well- 
constructed  quays,  with  their  commodious  warehouses. 
There  is  a  beautiful  fountain  in  the  Place  Royale,  and  there 
are  many  others  in  dififerent  parts  of  the  town.  The  supply 
of  water  derived  from  these  has  been  increased  by  the  con- 
itruction  of  an  aqueduct  connecting  with  the  Durance. 


Marseilles  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  court 
of  first  jurisdiction,  a  court  and  chamber  of  commerce,  an 
exchange,  a  naval  observatory,  a  maritime  syndicate,  a  mint, 
an  academy  of  sciences,  belles-lettres,  and  arts,  an  athen- 
aeum, a  medical  society,  a  society  of  pharmacy,  a  statistical 
society,  a  first-class  school  of  hydrography,  a  college  with 
a  library  of  45,000  volumes,  a  secondary  school  of  medi- 
cine, a  special  school  of  design,  a  special  school  of  industry 
and  commerce,  a  special  school  of  music,  a  diocesan  semi- 
nary, a  deaf  and  dumb  institute,  a  cabinet  of  history,  a 
public  library  of  75,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  paintings 
and  antiquities,  with  perhaps  the  largest  collection  in 
France  after  those  of  Paris,  and  a  botanic  garden,  one  of 
the  finest  in  France.  It  has  also  numerous  benevolent 
institutions,  and  its  lazaretto  is  the  largest  in  the  world. 

The  manufactures  of  Marseilles  are  various  and  exten- 
sive. The  principal  articles  produced  are  soap,  soda,  and 
other  chemical  products,  bonnets,  shoes,  perfumery,  to- 
bacco, olive  oil,  and  liquors ;  besides  which  there  are  tan- 
neries, and  sugar-,  sulphur-,  and  salt-refineries. 

The  harbor  is  one  of  the  finest  in  France.  It  is  perfectly 
secure  in  all  weathers,  and  possesses  anchorage  for  1200 
vessels  in  from  18  to  24  feet  of  water.  It  is  strongly  do- 
fended  by  two  forts,  viz.,  the  Tower  of  St.  John,  on  the  N., 
and  the  fort  of  St.  Nicholas,  on  the  S.  Near  this  fort  a 
wet-dock,  called  Port  de  la  Joliette,  measuring  500  yards 
by  400,  has  recently  been  formed.  With  respect  to  the 
amount  of  tonnage  owned,  Marseilles  holds  the  first  rank 
in  the  republic.  Its  foreign  commerce  exceeds  that  of 
every  other  port  in  France,  and  its  coast-trade  is  very 
great.  Its  commerce  in  the  wines  and  fruits  of  the  south, 
in  cork  and  anchovies,  has  flourished  for  24  centuries,  and 
extends  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  other  chief  articles 
of  export  are  tissues  of  silk,  cotton,  and  wool. 

Marseilles  is  the  great  point  of  debarkation  of  passengers 
for  the  various  ports  on  the  Mediterranean  and  the  East, 
a  great  centre  of  steam  navigation,  and  the  terminus  of 
important  railways. 

Founded  by  the  Phoenicians  about  600  B.C.,  Marseilles 
served  as  a  refuge  for  them  from  the  vengeance  of  Cyrus. 
Its  progress  for  centuries  was  rapid,  and  almost  without 
interruption.  It  soon  became  the  entrepdt  for  all  the  sur- 
rounding countries,  founded  many  colonies,  was  celebrated 
for  the  cultivation  of  letters  and  arts,  preserved  for  a  time 
its  liberty  under  the  Romans,  and  often  acted  as  an  independ- 
ent republic.  Having  taken  the  part  of  Pompey  in  the  great 
contest  for  supremacy  between  him  and  Caesar,  it  was  be- 
sieged by  the  latter,  and,  being  taken,  was  deprived  of  all 
its  peculiar  privileges.  On  the  decline  of  the  Roman  Em- 
pire it  became  a  prey  to  the  Goths,  Burgundians,  and 
Franks.  In  735  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Saracens,  who 
destroyed  all  the  ancient  monuments  which  previous  bar- 
barians had  spared.  In  the  tenth  century  it  fell  under  the 
dominion  of  the  Counts  of  Provence,  and  it  continued  for 
some  centuries  after  to  follow  the  fortunes  of  that  house. 
Louis  XI.  united  it  to  the  crown  of  France  in  1481.  It 
suffered  severe  ravages  from  the  plague  in  1720.  It  was 
the  birthplace  of  the  astronomer  Pytheas,  the  preacher 
Mascaron,  and  the  sculptor  Puget.     Pop.  in  1862,  260,910  ; 

in  1881,  269,340.:   in  1891,  403,749. Adj.  a^d   inhab. 

Marseillais,  or  IViARSEiLLOis,  maR^sAPyi'  or  maR^sA^yA'; 
feminine,  Marseillaise,  maR^sAryAi' ;  and  Massiliait, 
mas-sil'e-an,  when  the  ancient  town  is  referred  to. 

Marseilles,  mar-sAlz',  a  post-village  in  Manlius  town- 
ship, La  Salle  co.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  6  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring- 
mills,  3  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery  and 
farming-implements.  The  rapids  of  the  river  here  afford 
extensive  water-power,  which  has  been  improved  by  a  dam 
930  feet  long.     Pop.  in  1880,  1882 ;  in  1890,  2210. 

Marseilles,  a  post-village  in  Marseilles  township, 
Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  Tymochtee  Creek,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Upper  Sandusky,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Kenton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw- 
mill.  Pop.  251 ;  of  the  township,  603. 

Marsh,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  619. 

Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  about  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Reading. 

Mar'shall,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tennessee  River,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Paint  Rook 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Locust  Fork  of  Blaok 
Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indiae 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Qunter^ 


AlAR 


1772 


MAU 


ville.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  9871;  in  1880,  14,685;  in 
1890,  18,935. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  nn  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Sandy  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  com,  oats, 
wheat,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  <k  Pacific  Railroad 
(Peoria  Branch)  and  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad. 
Capital,  Lacon.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,966;  in  1880,  16,056; 
in  1890,  13,663. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  441  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tip- 
pecanoe and  Yellow  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  sugar- 
maple,  oak,  walnut,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital, 
Plymouth.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,211 ;  in  1880,  23,414 ;  in  1890, 
23,818. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North  Skunk  River  and 
Timber  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  The  greater  portion  of  this  county  is  prairie. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak,  ash, 
and  black  walnut.  This  county  has  beds  of  limestone  and 
coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Marshall- 
town.  Pop.  it  1870,  17,676;  in  1876,  19,629;  in  1880, 
23,762  ;  in  1890,  26,842. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Little  Blue  River  and  Vermilion  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves,  the 
former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than  the  latter.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  cat- 
tle are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  good 
mngnesian  limestone  and  gypsum.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  Capital,  Marysville.  Pop.  in  1870,  6901 ; 
in  1876,  10,822;  in  1880,  16,136;  in  1890,  23,912. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  E.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Clark's  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Newport  News  & 
Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Benton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9466;  in  1880,  9647;  in  1890,  11,287. 

Marshall,  one  of  the  most  N.W.  counties  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  1810  square  miles.  The  Red  River  of 
the  North  forms  its  W.  boundary.  It  is  intersected  by 
Snake  River,  Middle  River,  and  Thief  River.  The  Great 
Northern  Railroad  traverses  this  county  in  its  W.  part 
from  N.  to  S.,  connecting  with  Warren,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1880,  992;  in  1890,  9130. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Tallahatohee  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Coldwater  River  and  Tippah  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech|  hickory,  elm,  white  oak,  magnolia,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
y  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Holly  Springs. 
Pop.  in  1870,  29,416  ;  in  1880,  29,330 ;  in  1890,  26,043. 

Marshall,  a  county  of  South  Dakota.  Area,  900  square 
miles.     Capital,  Britton.     Pop.  in  1890,  4644. 

Marshall,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Duck  River. 
The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  cedar,  oak,  ash,  beech,  hickory, 
walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Here  are  quarries  of  good 
limestone.  Capital,  Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,207  :  in 
1880,  19,259;  in  1890,  18,906. 

Marshall,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia,  borders 
on  Pennsylvania.     Area,  about  248  square  miles.     It  is 


bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Grave  and  Warrior  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  Ohio  River  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Moundsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,941 ;  in  1880,  18,840  ; 
in  1890,  20,735. 

Marshall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Guntersville. 

Marshall,  &  post-village,  capital  of  Searcy  co..  Ark., 
about  95  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Little  Rock.    It  has  3  churches. 

Marshall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  Tomales 
Bay,  and  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  48  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Francisco.     Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Marshall,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Golden,  Boulder  A  Caribou  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Denver.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Marshall,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in 
Marshall  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Paris  A  Danville  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  about  15  miles 
S.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  3  newspaper  ofQces, 
a  graded  school,  grist-  and  feed-mills,  and  saw-  and  planing- 
mills.  It  is  in  a  great  farming  district.  Pop.  in  1890,  1900 ; 
of  the  township,  2931. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  830. 

Marshall,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Decatur  A  Springfield  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Rockville. 

Marshall,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa,  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Washington 
It  has  a  church. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  781. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
475,  exclusive  of  Marshalltown. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  486. 

Marshall,  a  post-ofiice  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Marshall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  oo.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.    It  has  a  church. 

Marshall,  a  station  in  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Maya- 
ville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Maysville. 

Marshall,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Marshall  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  108  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  36 
miles  E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Jackson.  It 
contains  a  new  court-house,  about  10  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  fine  union  school-building  which  cost  $60,000,  3 
national  banks,  a  paper-mill,  2  machine-shops,  4  or  6  flour- 
ing-mills,  2  planing-mills,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  hoes  and  pumps.  Here  are  large  workshops  of 
the  railroad  company.  Marshall  was  incorporated  in  1859. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3968;  of  the  township,  additional,  873. 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Redwood  River,  and  on  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter 
Railroad,  108  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  13 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1203. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Mower  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  608. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1623. 
It  contains  latan. 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  in 
Marshall  township,  near  the  Salt  Fork  of  Black  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  79  miles  W.  of  Mexico, 
and  86  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  banks,  the 
Marshall  Seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  8  or  9  churahes, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages.  Here  are  remarkable  salt 
springs.     Pop.  in  1890,  4207 ;  of  the  township^  7876. 

Marshall,  or  Han'over,  a  post-hamlet  m  Marshall 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Waterville.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Marshall  Post-Office. 

Marshall,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Utica,  is  intersected  by  the  Utica  Branch 
of  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad.  It  contains  part  of 
Waterville.     Pop.  2220. 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  oo.,  N.C^ 
on  the  French  Broad  River,  in  Marshall  township,  about  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Asheville.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1502. 

Marshall,  a  post-village  in  Marshall  township,  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  112;  of  the  township,  821. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  705. 

Marshall,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Marshall,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Harrison  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Shreveport  Branch,  40  miles  W.  of  Shreveport,  24 


MAR 


1773 


MAK 


miles  E.  of  Longview,  and  16  miles  S.  of  JeflFerson.  It  con- 
tains a  court-bouse,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  female  college,  and  the  Wiley  University 
(Methodist  Episcopal).  Here  are  the  machine-shops  and 
headquarters  of  the  railroad,  also  a  foundry  and  a  saeh- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1880.  5624;  in  1800,  7207. 

Marshall,  a  post- village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  in  Medina 
township,  on  Waterloo  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Madison  with  Watertown,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mad- 
ison. It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
oarriage-shop. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Richland  co..  Wis.     Pop.  903. 

Marshall  Hall,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  16  miles  S.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Marshall  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
Micronesia,  comprising  the  Radack  and  Ralick  chains. 
Lat.  7°  30'  N.;  Ion.  173°  30'  E. 

Marshall  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  between 
Mount  Desert  Island  and  Isle  au  Haut.     Pop.  5. 

Marshall  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton 
CO.,  Ark. 

Marshall's,  or  Marshall's  Corner,  a  hamlet  in 
Hopewell  township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Meroer  & 
Somerset  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Hopewell. 

Marshall's  Cove,  or  Port  Williams,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
11  miles  from  Bridgetown.     Pop.  250. 

Marshall's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa., 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Stroudsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Marshall's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  White  oo..  111.,  on 
the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Garmi. 

Marshall's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Holston  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Morristown. 

Marshall's  Point,  E.  of  the  entrance  of  Herring 
Gut,  Lincoln  co..  Me.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  30  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  43°  50'  N, ;  Ion.  69°  9'  30"  W. 

Marshall's  Town,  a  post- village  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  4  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  300. 

Mar'shallsville,  a  post-village  of  Maoon  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon,  and 
about  3  miles  E.  of  the  Flint  River.  It  has  an  academy 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1086. 

Marshallsville  (formerly  Bristol),  a  post-village  in 
Baughman  auvl  Chippewa  townships,  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  59  miles 
8.  of  Cleveland,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Wooster.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     P.  32^. 

Mar 'shall  ton,  a  post- village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
near  Kiamensi  Station  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Western  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church,  a  roll- 
ing-mill, and  1  or  2  flour-mills  on  Red  Clay  Creek. 

Marshal Iton,  a  post- village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in 
West  Bradford  township,  4  miles  W.  of  West  Chester.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  &c.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mar'shalltown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Iowa,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  i  mile  S.  of  the  Iowa 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago 
Great  Western  Railway,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Des 
Moines,  69  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  27  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Eldora,  and  57  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Oskaloosa.  Its  site  com- 
mands an  extensive  view  of  undulating  prairies  and  the 
broad  valley  of  the  Iowa  River.  It  contains  8  churches,  a 
high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  state  banks,  4  grain-eleva- 
tors, printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers, an  extensive  glucose  manufactory,  a  flouring-mill, 
2  iron-foundries,  an  oil-mill,  a  soap-factory,  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad.  It  has  several  build- 
ings faced  with  marble  quarried  in  Marshall  co.  Pop.  in 
1880,  6240;  in  1890,  8914. 

Mar'shallville,  a  hamlet  of  Cape  May  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
Tuckahoe  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Woodbine  Station. 

Marsh  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owyhee  oo.,  Idaho,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Kelton,  Utah,  and  40  miles  S.  of  the  Great 
Shoshone  Falls. 

Marsh  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Adams  oo.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Monocacy  River  in  Maryland. 

Marsh  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  oo.,  Ky., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Williamsburg. 

Marsh'es,  a  post-hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Marsh'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  13 
miles  E.  of  Bristol.  The  town,  consists  of  one  street, 
nearly  1  mile  in  length.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  malt. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1780. 


Marsh'field,  a  station  in  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of 
Scottsburg. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Steuben  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Wabash  <fc  Western  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.E.  of  Danville,  111.     It  has  3  churches. 

Marshfield,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  con- 
tiguous to  Machias,  on  the  N.  of  the  latter.     Pop.  350. 

Marshfield,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Boston,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
Massachusetts  Bay,  and  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad.  It  contains  villages  named  Marshfield 
(once  the  place  of  residence  of  Daniel  Webster)  and  Eart 
Marshfield,  and  has  manufactures  of  boxes  and  shoes.  Pop. 
1817.  Marshfield  Station  is  34  miles  and  Marshfield  Centre 
82  miles  by  rail  from  Boston. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co..  Mo., 
in  Ozark  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  218  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Summit  Institute,  a 
bank,  2  steam-elevators,  a  tobacco-factory,  a  school-house 
which  cost  $25,000,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  a  great 
shipping-point  for  live-stock  and  grain.  Pop.  (1890)  980. 
[It  was  mostly  destroyed  by  a  hurricane,  April  18,  1880,] 

Marshfield,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  <fe  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Athens,  and 
54  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  240. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Coos  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about  6  miles  E. 
of  Empire  City.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Isthmus  Transit 
Railroad,  and  has  a  church,  an  academy,  3  large  saw-mills, 
and  2  ship-yards.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place  by  several 
companies.     Pop.  in  1880,  642}  in  1890,  1461. 

Marshfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wellsborough,  and  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches  .and  a  saw-mill. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  in  Marshfield  township, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  the 
Montpelier  A  Wells  River  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Montpelier.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- mill,  Slo. 
The  township,  in  which  there  are  several  fine  waterfalls, 
has  7  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  starch  and  coopers' 
ware.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1072. 

Marshfield,  a  township  of  Fond  du   Lac  co..  Wis. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  Wood  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Menasha. 
Pop.  in  1880,  669 ;  in  1890,  3450. 

Mars  Hill,  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  about  1  mile  W.  of 
the  New  Brunswick  boundary-line.  It  is  an  isolated  emi- 
nence, with  2  peaks,  one  1506  feet  and  the  other  1363  feet 
above  the  level  of  St.  John's  River. 

Mars  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Ark.,  35 
miles  S.  of  Hope.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mars  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  31 
miles  N.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  399. 

Mars  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C.,  18  milw 
N.  of  Asheville.     Here  is  Mars  Hill  College. 

Marsh  Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Vermilion  Bay,  La. 
At  its  W.  end  is  a  revolving  light,  elevated  90  feet. 

Marsh  Island,  an  island  oS"  the  coast  of  Lincoln  co., 
Me.     Pop.  20. 

Marsh  Lake,  a  post- hamlet  of  Pplk  oo..  Wis.,  in 
Clayton  township,  on  the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad.  It 
has  4  mills  for  lumber  and  shingles. 

Marsh'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  35  miles  above  Astoria.  There  are 
near  this  place  lumber-mills  and  canneries  for  salmon. 

Marshland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Buffalo  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  iti  jono- 
tion  with  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  K. 
of  Winona,  Minn. 

Marshpee,  Massachusetts.     See  Mashpke. 

Marsh  River,  a  small  stream  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  run* 
westward,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the  North. 

Marsh  Run,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Marsh  Run,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Nortn- 
ern  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Marsh's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  Henrietta. 

MarshView',  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Marsh'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Benona  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marshville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Palatine  Bridge,  and  about  50  miles  W.N.W 
of  Albany.     It  has  a  oheese-faotory  and  about  12  honses. 


MAR 


1774 


MAR 


Marshville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  oo.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Her  men.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marsh'viile,  a  post-yillage  in  Monck  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Canada  Air-Line  Railway,  22  miles  B.  of  Cayuga. 
It  has  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Marshville,  a  village  in  Piotou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
John  River,  20  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  100. 

Mar'shy  Hope,  a  small  river,  rises  in  Kent  oo.,  Del., 
and  enters  the  Nanticoke  on  the  boundary  between  Dor- 
chester and  Somerset  cos.  of  Maryland. 

Marsico  Nnovo,  maR'se-ko  noo-o'vo,  a  city  of  Italy, 
province  and  18  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  8611. 

Marsico  Vetere,  maR'se-ko  vfit'4-ri  (ano.  Abelli'num 
Mar'sicum),  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles  E.S.B,  of  Marsico 
Nuovo.     Pop.  2647. 

MarsillargueS)  maR*seeV*Rg'>  *  town  of  France,  in 
H6rault,  15  miles  E.N.B.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  3181. 

MarsivaU)  maR^s^-vin',  or  Marsovaii)  maR^so-v&n', 
a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio  of  Seevas,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Amasia.  It  has  many  mosques  and  fountains, 
and  some  manufactories  of  cotton  stuflFs.     Pop.  5000. 

Mars-la-Tour,  maR^-li*-tooR',  a  hamlet  of  France, 
In  Meurthe-et- Moselle,  14  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Metz.  It 
sometimes  gives  name  to  the  battle  of  Vionville,  fought 
near  here,  August  16,  1870. 

Marstal,  maRs'til,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sles- 
wick,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Aeroe,  in  the  Baltic. 

Sfar'ston,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Green  River 
City.     Elevation,  6245  feet. 

Mar'ston  Moor,  a  locality  of  England,  in  Yorkshire, 
memorable  for  the  defeat  of  the  forces  of  King  Charles  I. 
in  1644. 

Mar'ston' 8  Mills ,  a  post-office  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass. 

Marstrand,  maR'str&nd,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
IsBn  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Gothenburg,  on  an  island  in  the 
Cattegat.  Pop.  1306.  It  is  defended  by  2  forts  and  a 
bomb-proof  castle. 

Mars'ville,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Fergus.  It  contains  3  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a 
rolling-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Marta,  man'ti,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  by  which  Lake 
Bolsena  sends  its  surplus  waters  into  the  Mediterranean. 
Total  course,  about  30  miles. 

Martaban,  marHa-bin',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on 
the  Salwin  River,  near  its  mouth,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Maul- 
main.  Lat.  16*"  32'  N.;  Ion.  97*  35'  E.  It  has  several 
conspicuous  temples,  and  beside  the  river  is  a  battery  of 
masonry.    See  Gulf  of  Martaban. 

Martana,  maR-t&'n&,  a  small  island  of  Italy,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Lake  Bolsena,  memorable  as  the  scene  of  the 
imprisonment  and  murder  of  Amalasontha,  Queen  of  the 
Goths,  only  daughter  of  Theodoric. 

Mariano,  maR-t&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecoe,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Otranto.     Pop,  3550. 

Martee-Khan-Ka-Tanda,  maR'tee^-k&n-kl-tin'- 
d&,  a  town  of  Sinde,  near  the  Indus,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Khy- 
erpoor.     It  has  a  brisk  trade. 

Martel,  maRHfil'  (L.  Martel'lum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1617. 

MarHel%  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  at  a  railway 
intersection,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Martell',  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  in  Martell 
township,  on  Rush  River,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1292. 

Martelle,  mar-tell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of 
Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Mar'tha  Fur'nace,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  111.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Shawneetown.     It  has  iron-works. 

Martlia  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Marthalen,  maRHl'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1320. 

Marthasville,  mar'thaz-vll,  a  station  in  Macon  co., 
3u.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Macon. 

Marthasville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  50  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  178. 

Martha's  Vineyard,  mar'thaz  vin'yard,  Massachu- 
setts, an  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  4  miles  S. 
of  the  mainland.  It  is  separated  from  Barnstable  co.  by 
Vineyard  Sound,  and  forms  the  chief  part  of  Dukes  co. 
Lt  is  21  miles  long. 


Mar'thaville,  a  post-office  of  Natchitoches  parish.  La. 

Marthod,  maR-tod',  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper 
Savoy,  3  miles  from  Albert- Ville.     Pop.  1035. 

Marthon,  maR^tAu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente, 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Angoul€me.  It  has  manufactories  of 
woollens,  and  12  annual  fairs.  In  its  vicinity  are  iron-mines. 

Mar'tic,  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1926. 

Mar'ticville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Pequea  Creek,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a 
church,  a  brick-yard,  and  about  16  houses. 

Martignano,  maRHeen-y&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  19 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1698. 

Martign6>Briand,  maRHeen-yi'-bree^dir*',  a  town  of 
France,  Maine-et-Loire,  16  miles  W.  of  Saumur.     P.  1364. 

Martign^-Ferchaud,  maRHeen^yi'-fiR'shS',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  Ille-et-Vilaine,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vitr6. 

Martigny  la  Tille,  maR'teen^yoe'  1&  veel  (anc.  Octo- 
du'rusf  Ger.  Martinach,  maR'te-n&K*),  a  town  of  Switzer 
land,  canton  of  Valais,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sion,  on  the 
Dranse.     Pop.  1490. 

Martigny-le^Bonrg,  maR^teen^yee'-l^h-booR,  a  town 
of  Switzerland,  i  mile  S.  of  Martigny.     Pop.  1266. 

Martigues,  maRHeeg'  (L.  Maritima   Colonia  Antilio 
rum),  a  town  of  France,  Bouches-du-Rhfine,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  Aix,  near  the  Etang  de  Berre.     Pop.  4959.     It  has  ex- 
tensive fisheries  in  the  lake,  boat-building  yards,  salt-works, 
and  manufactures  of  chemicals. 

Mar'tin,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Indian 
and  Lick  Greeks.  The  surface  is  billy,  and  nearly  half  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  are  bituminous  coal  and  sandstone.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad.  Capital, 
Shoals.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,103;  in  1880,  13,475;  in  1890 
13,973. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  boraers 
on  West  Virginia.  Area,  about  235  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  Capital,  Inei.  Pop. 
in  1880,  3057;  in  189,0,  4209. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  border- 
ing on  Iowa.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Chanyuska  River  (or  Elm  Creek)  and  Centre  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 

Erairies  and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
ay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Fair- 
mont.    Pop.  in  1870,  3867;  in  1880,  5249;  in  1890,  9403. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Roanoke  River,  which  is  navi- 
gable. The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  lumber  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Williamston.  Pop.  in  1870,  9647  ,- 
in  1880,  13,140;  in  1890,  15,221. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Concho  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Sulphur  Creek.  It  is  mountainous  in 
the  N.E.  and  S.W.  parts.  The  S.E.  part  is  traversed  by 
the  Texas  A.  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Stanton.  Pop.  in 
1890,  264. 

Martin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co.,  Ark.,  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Collins  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  stoaP' 
saw-mill. 

Martin,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  III.     Pop.  1099. 

Martin,  a  township  of  McLean  oo.,  111.     Pop.  687. 

Martin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas,  in  Big  Creek 
township,  15  miles  N.  of  Hays  C'ty.     It  has  a  church. 

Martin,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Martin 
township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  31 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1160. 

Martin,  a  post-township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  318. 

Martin,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.,  in  Clay  town- 
ship, on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo. 
It  has  a  church,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  stave-factories.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Martin,  a  township  of  Anderson  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  1625. 

Martin,  or  Frost,  a  post- village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
142  miles  W.  of  Nashville,  and  53  miles  S.  of  Cairo,  111. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Martin.     Pop.  about  500. 

Martin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  P» 


MAB 


1775 


MAR 


<5atODica  River,  about  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has 
a  oharcb,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sa^r-mill. 

Martina,  or  Martina  Franca,  mar-tee'ni  frin'ka, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecoe,  19  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Taranto.  It  has  a  splendid  duoal  palace  and  handsome 
shurches.     Pop.  18,162. 

Martina,  mar-tee'na,  post-oflBce,  Missoula  co.,  Montana. 

Martinach,  Switzerland.    See  Martigny  la  Ville. 

Mar'tiudale,  a  post-office  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas. 

Martindale,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N.C. 

Martindale,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Lockhart. 

Martindale  Creek  or  Fork,  Indiana,  rises  in  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  runs  southward  through  Wayne  eo.,  and  enters 
■the  Whitewater  River  at  Milton. 

Martindale  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  at  Martindale 
Station,  116  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Martinengo,  man-te-nSn'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  4627. 

Martinez,  mar-tee'nfiz,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Con- 
tra Costa  CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Suisun  Bay,  at  the  E. 
end  of  the  Strait  of  Carquinez,  about  36  miles  by  water  N.E. 
of  San  Francisco,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Benicia.  It  is  in  a 
small  valley  enclosed  by  high  hills  on  all  sides  except  the 
north,  and  contains  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  1600. 

Martin'ez,  or  Martin'ey,  a  post-office  of  Mecosta 
CO.,  Mich. 

Martiniana,  maR-te-ne-&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, 6  miles  W.  of  Saluzzo,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1668. 

Martinicus  Island,  Maine.    See  Matinicus. 

Martinique,  marHin-eek',  formerly  called  by  the  na- 
tives Madiana,  mi-de-i'ni  (Sp.  Martinieo,  maR-te-nee'- 
ko),  one  of  the  French  West  India  Islands,  30  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Dominica,  and  20  miles  N.  of  St.  Luoia.  Its  loftiest 
summit,  Mont  Pel6e,  4450  feet  high,  is  in  lat.  14°  48'  N., 
Ion.  61°  10'  W.  The  island  is  of  irregular  form,  high,  and 
rocky,  about  45  miles  long  and  10  to  15  miles  broad.  Area, 
380  square  miles.  There  are  six  extinct  volcanoes  on  the 
island  -  one  of  the  craters  is  of  large  dimensions.  Exten- 
sive masses  of  volcanic  rooks  cover  the  interior,  rise  to  a 
great  elevation,  and  extend  from  the  mountains  to  the 
shores  of  the  sea,  where  they  form  numerous  deep  indenta- 
tions along  the  coast.  Between  the  volcanic  rocks  occur 
broad  irregular  valleys  of  great  fertility.  About  two-fifths 
■of  the  island  is  under  cultivation.  The  mountain-slopes  are 
in  most  parts  covered  with  primeval  forests.  Numerous 
streams  flow  from  the  heights,  most  of  them  mere  rivuleta, 
•but  a  few  are  navigable  for  boats  for  a  short  distance  from 
•their  mouths.  The  productions  are  sugar,  coffee,  cacao,  and 
cotton.     The  island  Is  badly  infested  with  serpents. 

It  has  several  good  harbors,  the  best  of  which  is  at  Fort- 
de-Franee,  the  capital,  on  the  S.W.  side.  The  principal  town 
is  St.  Pierre,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island.  The  admin- 
istration of  Martinique  is  under  a  governor  and  a  privy 
council,  aided  by  a  colonial  council.  The  island  was  dis- 
covered by  the  Spaniards  in  1493.  In  1635  it  was  settled 
by  the  French,  who  eventually  extinguished  the  aboriginal 
race.  It  was  subsequently  taken  by  the  British  in  1794,  and 
restored  in  1802;  it  was  again  taken  by  the  British  in  1809, 
and  restored  a  second  time  to  France  at  the  close  of  the  war 
4n  1814.     Pop.  160,831,  mostly  blacks. 

Martino,  maR-tee'no,  ^  village  of  Brazil,  in  Rio 
<}rande  do  Norte,  170  miles  W.  of  Natal.     Pop.  2000. 

Martin's,  York  co.,  Pa.    See  Short  Line. 

Mar'tin's,  a  hamlet  in  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port 
Royal  Railroad,  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  Here  is 
Lower  Three  Runs  Post-Office. 

Martinsberg,  maR'tins-bfiRO^  (Hun.  Szent  Martony, 
fifint  miRHon'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Raab,  with  an  ancient  Benedictine  abbey.     Pop.  1880. 

Martinsberg,  Transylvania.     See  Martonhegy. 

Martin's  Bluff,  post-office,  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Mar'tinsburg,  a  post- village  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  in  Mar- 
tinsburg  township,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about 
38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1466. 

Martinsbui^,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Jackson  township,  about  17  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  123. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Steady  Run  township,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Martinsburg,  Elliott  co.,  Ky.    See  Sandy  Hook. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Monroe  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 


Martinsburg,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Martinsburg,  a  post- village  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Loutre  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches, 
the  Martinsburg  Male  and  Female  Institute,  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop.  about  400. 

Martinsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  8  miles 
from  Ponca.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  in  Martinsbarg  town- 
ship, Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Rail- 
road, 54  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Low- 
ville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
an  academy  or  institute.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  bv  Black  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  1982. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township,  Knox 
CO.,  0.,  7  miles  S.  of  Gambler,  and  about  16  miles  N.  of 
Newark.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  tannery,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-borough  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  is  in  a 
fertile  valley  called  Morrison's  Cove,  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Altoona,  and  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hollidaysburg.  It  is  on 
the  Morrison's  Cove  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  6  churches,  and  the  Ju- 
niata Collegiate  Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  588. 

Martinsburg,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    See  Bruin. 

Martinsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  about 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  is  2  miles  E.  of  Washing- 
ton.    Pop.  about  100. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Berkeley  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  is  near  the  W.  border  of  the  long  fertile  valley  which 
is  bounded  on  one  side  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  100  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  78 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cumberland,  and  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cham- 
bersburg,  Pa.  It  contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  female  seminaries,  4  car- 
riage-factories, a  foundry,  a  distillery,  a  planing-mill,  manu- 
factures of  flour  and  furniture,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  1  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  large 
machine-shops  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Comoany, 
which  employ  nearly  300  men.     Pop.  in  1890,  7226. 

Martin's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 

Martin's  Creek,  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  flows  intc 
the  Delaware  River. 

Martin's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark. 

Martin's  Creek,  New  Jersey.    See  Brainard's. 

Martin's  Creek,  Northampton  oo..  Pa.  See  Martins- 
ville. 

Martin's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  oo., 
Ala.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Talladega. 

Mar'tinsdale,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana. 

Martin's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Laurens  Railroad,  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

Martin's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  Klamath  River,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka. 

Martin's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Hookset  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River, 
and  on  the  Concord  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Manchester. 

Martin's  Ferry,  Belmont  co.,  0.   See  Maktinstillk. 

Martin's  Lime  Kiln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co., 
N.C,  33  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Martin's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C, 
6  miles  from  Troy. 

Martin's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  Tenn., 
32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Florence,  Ala.  It  has  a  churph,  a  tan- 
nery, a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Martin  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex. 

Martin's  River,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  falls  into 
Chester  Bay,  on  the'  sea-coast,  W.  of  Halifax.  Length, 
about  50  miles. 

Martin's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Selma  &  New  Orleans  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of 
Selma.     It  has  a  steam-mill  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Martin's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  112  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Martin's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  oo..  111. 

Martin's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Mar'tinstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  in 
Elm  township,  12  miles  W.  of  Queen  City.   It  has  3  churches. 

Mar'tinsville,a  post-village  in  Martinsville  township, 
Clark  CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandal ia  A  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  779 ;  of  the  township,  2058. 


MAR 


1776 


MAR 


MartinsTille,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  oo., 
Ind.,  is  1  mile  E.  of  the  "West  Fork  of  White  River,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  27  miles  W,  by  S.  of 
Franklin.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis  A  Vincennes  Railroad, 
and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville 
Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  1  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  tanneries,  a 
foundry,  3  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  3 
carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2680. 

Martinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  St. 
George  township,  on  the  sea,  13  miles  S.  of  Thomaston. 

MartinsTille,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Snmpter  township,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Martinsvil  le,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  A  New  Orleans  Railroad,  145  miles  N. 
of  New  Orleans.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Martinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  about 
75  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  74. 

Martinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  New  Brunswick. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
Tonawanda  Creek,  1  mile  from  Sawyer's  Creek,  13  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Niagara  Falls. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Martinsville,  or  Martin's  Ferry,  a  village  in  Pease 
township,  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  2  miles  above 
Wheeling,  and  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Bellaire.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Mar- 
tin's Ferry.  It  has  7  churches,  a  union  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banks,  a  blast-furnace,  a  foundry,  a  nail- 
factory,  glass-works,  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines 
and  farming-implements.  Pop.  (1890)  6260.  The  village 
is  surrounded  by  high  vine-covered  hills,  in  which  are  found 
thick  veins  of  bituminous  coal  and  beds  of  iron  ore  and 
limestone.  The  glass-works  at  this  place  are  said  to  be  the 
largest  in  the  United  States. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  in  Clark  township,  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  50  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banking-houses, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  336, 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Strasburg  township,  2  miles  E.  of  Lime  Valley  Station, 
which  is  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  store  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
near  the  Delaware  River,  1  mile  from  Martin  s  Creek  Sta- 
tion (at  Brainard's,  N.J.)  on  the  Belvidere  A  Delaware 
Railroad,  7  miles  above  Easton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cot- 
ton-mill, a  tannery,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  slate-factory.  The 
name  of  its  post-ofBce  is  Martin's  Creek. 

Martinsville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C. 

Martinsville,  a  namlet  of  Bedford  oo.,  Tenn.,  6^  miles 
N.  of  Shelbyville. 

Martinsville,  a  post-office  of  Nacogdoches  oo.,  Tex. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Va., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Dan  River,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dan- 
ville, and  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Mar'tinton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Martinton  township,  Iro- 
quois CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Watseka.      Pop.  of  the  township,  866. 

Mar'tintown,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  from  Lancaster.  It  contains  8  stores,  2  hotels,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Martin  Yas,  or  Martin  Vaz,  man-teen'  v&z,  a  rocky 
islet  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  a  few  leagues  N.E.  of  Trinidade. 
It  belongs  to  Brazil. 

Mar'tinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Platteville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Mar'tinville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Salmon  River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Compton.  It  contains  2 
saw-mills  and  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Martirano,  maB-te-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Catanzaro,  8  miles  N.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2271. 

Martires,  maR'te-r4s,  three  small  low  islands  in  the 
Pacific,  lat.  7°  34'  N.,  Ion.  149°  29'  E. 

Martirios,  mar-tee're-oce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  between  the  Rio  das  Velhas  and  the  Paran- 
peba.  The  inhabitants  cultivate  millet,  beans,  rice,  and 
sugar-cane,  and  make  brandy.     Pop.  7000. 

Martizay,  man^tee^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre, 
arrondissement  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  1856. 

Mart'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  N.E.  of  Neosho. 
It  has  a  ohoroh. 


Mar'tock,  a  town  of  England,  eo.  of  Somerset,  on  the 
Parret,  6i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yeovil.     Pop.  of  parish,  3061. 

Martola  Mariam,  maR-to'l&  m&Ve-im',  a  town  of 
Abyssinia,  state  of  Amhara,  lat.  10°  51'  N.,  Ion.  37°  48'  E. 

Martonhegy,  mSR^ton^hidj',  or  Martinsberg,  maR'- 
tins-bfiRG',  a  village  of  Transylvania,  12  miles  from  Szom- 
bath.     Pop.  1260. 

Martonvasar,  m8R^tonV6h*saR',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Buda.     Pop.  1687. 

Martonyos,  m5R*ton'yo8h',  a  village  of  Hungary,  1ft 
miles  S.W.  of  Szegedin,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  4934. 

Martorel,  maR-to-rfil',  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat,  with  a 
bridge  and  triumphal  arch  of  Roman  construction.  P.  4136. 

Martos,  maR'toce,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  9  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Jaen.  It  has  two  squares,  crooked,  steep,  and 
unpaved  streets,  fine  churches,  2  convents,  a  town  house, 
prison,  hospital,  orphan  asylum,  small  theatre,  and,  at  some 
distance  8.  of  the  town,  two  bathing-establishments,  the 
waters  of  which  contain  sulphur,  magnesia,  alum,  Ac. 
Linen,  pottery-ware,  hats,  and  oil  are  made.     Pop.  11,666. 

Martres,  maRt'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Muret.     Pop.  1950. 

Martres  de  Veyre,  maRt'r  d?h  viR,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Puy-de-D6me,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Fer 
rand.     Pop.  2508. 

Mart'ville,  a  post- village  in  Sterling  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of 
Auburn.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery. 

Martz,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Harrison 
township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  1  mile 
from  Clay  City  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Martza,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Marcz. 

Marna,  m&-roo'&,  Manrua,  m5w-roo'&,  or  Maapiti* 
mSw-pee'tee,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean.     Lat.  16°  26'  S. ;  Ion.  152°  12'  W. 

Marum,  m&'riim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  12  milei 
S.W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  of  commune,  3720. 

Marutea,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Lord  Hood's  Island. 

Marvfto,  maR-v6ww»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Alemtejo,  on  the  Spanish  frontier,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Por 
talegre,  with  a  citadel  and  extensive  cisterns.     Pop.  1424. 

Marvfto,  maR-v5w»»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy, 
on  the  MarvSo,  160  miles  N.E.  of  Oeiras.     Pop.  3000. 

Marvejols,  maRV^h-zbol'  (L.  Marilogium),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Losdre,  on  the  right  branch  of  the  Colagne,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Mende.  It  has  tanneries  and  manufac- 
tures of  serges  and  other  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  4638. 

Mar'vel,  a  post-office  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  about  66  mile* 
8.  of  Kansas  City. 

MarWell',  a  post-village  of  Philips  oo..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It  ha* 
1  or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  Ac. 

Marville,  maRVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mouse,  0 
miles  S.E.  of  Montmedy.     Pop.  1278. 

Mar'vin,  or  Marvin  Station,  a  village  of  Clark  oo., 
111.,  in  York  township,  on  the  Paris  A  Danville  Railroad, 
26  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-shop,  Ao. 
Here  is  Walnut  Prairie  Post-Office. 

Marvin,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  about  9  milei 
W.  of  Clinton. 

Marvin,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
French  Creek  township,  about  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Corry, 
Pa,     It  has  2  dairies  or  cheese-factories,  and  a  shingle-miU. 

Mar'vinville,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co..  Ark. 

Mar'vyn,  a  post-office  of  Russell  oo.,  Ala. 

Marwar,  India.    See  Joodpoob. 

Maryampol,  m&-re-&m'pol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Gali- 
oia,  on  the  Dniester,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Stanislawow. 

Mary  Ann,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     Pop.  804. 

Marybnrgh,  mi're-biirVuh,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Inverness,  on  Loch  Eil,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lochy, 
S.W.  of  Fort  William.     It  has  a  large  herring-fishery. 

Maryborough,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  Queen's 
00.,  63}  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  2731. 

Maryborough,  m4're-bur-riih,  the  chief  town  of  the 
Northwest  gold-fields  of  Victoria,  Australia,  co.  of  Talbot, 
104  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  numerous  public 
offices  and  a  general  hospital,  is  the  centre  of  traffic,  and 
is  surrounded  by  gold-workings.     Pop.  2935. 

Maryborough,  the  chief  town  of  March  co.,  Queens- 
land, on  Mary  River,  in  lat.  25°  30'  S.     Pop.  8612. 

Ma'rydale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antigonish  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Antigonish.     Pop.  100. 

Ma^rydell',  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Maryland  A  Delaware  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Eastou. 


MAR 


1777 


MAR 


It  is  partly  in  Kent  co.,  Del.  It  has  2  churches,  a  fruit- 
canning-factory,  a  machine-shop,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs  and  baskets. 

Ma'ry  Esther,  es't^r,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Santa  Rosa  co., 
Pla.,  45  miles  E.  of  Pensacola. 

Ma'ryhill,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  3  miles 

N.W.  of  Glasgow,  on  the  Kelvin,  here  crossed  by  the  Forth 

&  Clyde  Canal.   It  contains  print-works,  iron-works,  bleach- 

and  glass-works,  spinning-mills,  and  boat-building  yards. 

'  Pop.  5842. 

Mary  Island,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Canton  Island. 

Maryland,  mi're-land  (named  in  honor  of  Queen  Hen- 
rietta Maria,  consort  of  Charles  I.  of  Great  Britain),  one 
of  the  Middle  Atlantic  states  of  the  American  Union,  and 
one  of  the  original  thirteen  United  States,  is  bounded  N.  by 
Pennsylvania,  E.  by  Delaware  and  the  Atlantic,  W.  by 
West  Virginia,  and  S,  and  S.W.  by  Virginia,  West  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  from  the  two 
former  it  is  for  the  most  part  divided  by  the  river  Potomac. 
It  is  of  very  irregular  outline,  and  by  the  river  Susque- 
hanna and  Chesapeake  Bay  it  is  divided  into  two  por- 
tions,— the  Eastern  and  the  Western  Shore,  the  latter  em- 
bracing about  two-thirds  of  the  area.  There  are  also  small 
islands  in  the  bay  and  off  the  Atlantic  coast,  nearly  all  in 
close  proximity  to  the  Eastern  Shore.  Area,  12,210  square 
miles ;  land  area,  9860  square  miles,  or  6,310,400  acres,  of 
which  rather  more  than  half  is  improved  land.  The  N. 
limit  is  "  Mason  &  Dixon's  line,"  39°  44'  N.  lat. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  Eastern  Shore  is  a  level,  sandy, 
but  mainly  fertile  region,  nowhere  of  great  elevation, 
though  in  the  N.  there  are  finely-rounded  hills,  while 
southward  there  are  swampy  tracts  and  patches  of  wood- 
land, whence  red-cedar,  cypress,  and  white-oak  timber  are 
obtained ;  and  the  streams,  though  not  large,  are  to  a  re- 
markable degree  deep  and  navigable.  W.  of  the  bay  the 
surface  is  similar  to  that  just  described,  but  more  uneven 
and  varied  in  character  as  far  N.W.  as  the  low  ridge  which 
extends  S.W.  from  the  Susquehanna  at  the  state  line  to  a 
point  near  Rockville,  on  the  Potomac.  This  is  the  southeast- 
ernmost  or  outlying  geographical,  but  not  geological,  rep- 
resentative of  the  remarkable  parallel  ridges  of  the  Alle- 
ghany system,  numbers  of  which  cross  the  W.  half  of  the 
state,  for  the  most  part  in  steep  and  bold  ridges,  with  wide 
and  exceedingly  fertile  intervening  valleys.  In  the  ex- 
treme W.  the  beautiful  elevated  valleys  are  known  as 
"glades."  The  principal  of  these  ridges  are  the  South, 
Sugar-Loaf,  Catoetin,  Blue  Ridge,  Kittatinny,  Rugged, 
Will's,  Davis,  Piney,  Great  Savage  or  Big  Backbone,  Middle, 
Little  Savage,  Hooppole,  West,  Little  Backbone,  Meadow, 
Negro,  Keyser,  Winding,  and  Briery  ridges  or  mountains. 
None  attain  a  great  elevation. 

Oeology. — The  S.  half  of  the  Eastern  Shore  is  alluvial 
and  post-tertiary ;  its  central  and  N.  central  portions  are 
tertiary ;  and  the  N.  is  of  cretaceous  age,  the  narrow  cre- 
taceous belt  extending  southwestward  to  the  District  of 
Columbia  and  having  on  its  S.E.  fiank  a  wide  area  of  the 
tertiary.  N.W.  of  the  cretaceous  appears  a  wide  belt  re- 
ferred to  the  Laurentian  or  eozoic  ages,  but  overlaid  along 
its  centre  by  a  strip  of  the  triassio  crossing  the  state,  all 
these  belts  and  strips  having  more  or  less  of  the  general 
N.B.  and  S.W.  direction  of  the  mountains  and  the  Atlantic 
coast.  The  AUeghanies  proper  are  mainly  of  Lower  Silu- 
rian age,  and  would  appear  to  have  been  formed  as  sub- 
marine beds  in  harmony  with  the  previous  Laurentian 
outcrops ;  and  upon  these  old  Silurian  plateaus  were  depos- 
ited Devonian  and  carboniferous  strata,  of  which  relics 
still  remain,  having  survived  the  period  of  plutonic  eleva- 
tion and  of  the  subsequent  denudation  by  the  action  of 
water.  Between  Dan's  Mountain  and  the  Great  Savage 
ridge  occurs  the  small  but  highly  important  Cumberland  or 
Frostburg  coal-field  (18,282  acres,  or  27  square  miles), 
which  yields  an  excellent  and  abundant  semi-bituminous 
ooal,  much  employed  as  a  marine,  railroad,  furnace,  domes- 
tic, and  blacksmiths'  fuel.  Average  product,  3,000,000 
gross  tons.  Between  Little  Savage  and  Negro  Mountains 
there  is  a  field  of  true  bituminous  coal,  which,  however,  is 
not  wrought  to  any  extent.  Fire-clays  are  abundant,  and 
the  fire-bricks  of  Mount  Savage  have  a  wide  reputation, 
taking  rank  next  to  the  English  Stourbridge  brick,  which 
are  the  best  in  the  world.  The  coal-measures  also  yield 
balls  of  useful  clay  ironstone,  and  black-band  ores  and  iron 
shales  of  fair  quality.  Brown  hematite  is  found  in  the 
Trenton  limestone,  and  some  bog  ore  is  obtained.  Maryland 
once  held  a  high  rank  in  the  production  of  iron  ore,  but 
the  industry  has  lately  greatly  decreased.  Marble,  granite, 
serpentine,  and  other  building-stone,  limestone  for  burning, 
and  roofing- slate  are  among  the  quarry -products.    Kaolin, 


lignite  (in  Anne  Amndel  co.),  iron  pyrites,  amber,  alum, 
ochres,  ores  of  chromium,  honestone,  millstones,  cements, 
breccia,  valuable  marls,  and  barytes  exist  within  the  limits 
of  Maryland,  and  some  of  them  are  very  abundant.  Mag- 
nesia carbonate,  Epsom  salts,  <S;c.,  have  been  long  manafao- 
tured  extensively  at  Baltimore  from  the  magnetite  whiob 
is  found  in  that  vicinity. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourist*. — Among  these  we  may 
place  the  Falls  of  the  Potomac,  the  wild  scenery  near  Har- 
per's Ferry,  the  romantic  and  fertile  glades  of  Garrett  and 
Alleghany  cos.,  and  the  flat  sandstone  top  of  West  Moun- 
tain, strewn  with  enormous  blocks  of  the  same  material. 

Rivers  and  Navigable  Waters. — The  Potomac  is  navi- 
gated by  sea-going  vessels  as  far  as  Georgetown,  D.C. 
From  that  point  npward  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Canal  extends  (184  miles),  having  been  con- 
structed by  the  state  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $7,000,000. 
This  canal  has  been  of  great  benefit  to  the  whole  Atlantic 
seaboard,  bringing  down  much  coal  and  iron,  Ac,  at  very 
cheap  rates,  but  it  has  never  paid  remunerative  dividends. 
The  Chesapeake  Bay  affords  a  great  extent  of  safely  navi- 
gable water,  and  into  it  flow  the  Patuxent,  Patapsco, 
Severn,  Gunpowder,  Elk,  Chester,  Choptank,  Nanticoke, 
Pocomoke,  and  other  navigable  streams,  besides  the  noble 
Susquehanna,  which  is  not  extensively  navigated.  The 
Delaware  &  Chesapeake  Canal  connects  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  state  with  Delaware  Bay,  and  the  Susquehanna  <fc 
Tidewater  Canal  follows  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna. 
Considering  its  area,  it  is  believed  that  no  other  state  in  th» 
Union  has  so  great  an  extent  of  navigable  water. 

Agricultural  Resources. — The  "  glades  butter"  and  moun- 
tain mutton  of  the  western  counties  have  a  high  reputa- 
tion ;  and  the  fossiliferous  strata  of  the  mountains  are  self- 
fertilizing,  especially  upon  the  application  of  the  home- 
burned  lime  to  the  soil.  About  Frederick  the  broad  and 
beautiful  valleys  produce  excellent  crops  of  corn  and  winter 
wheat.     The  Eastern  Shore  is  of  late  a  principal  seat  of  the 

E each-growing  industry,  small  fruits  and  garden-products 
eing  also  sent  in  great  amounts  to  the  Northern  cities. 
Baltimore  and  Anne  Arundel  cos.  are  great  seats  of  market- 
gardening.  The  lower  counties  of  the  Western  Shore  give 
special  attention  to  tobacco-culture.  Wheat,  corn,  oats,  to- 
bacco, live-stock,  wool,  pork,  sweet  and  other  potatoes,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Some  of  the  tide-water 
counties  have  a  soil  much  exhausted  and  worn ;  but  the 
presence  of  abundant  beds  of  good  marl,  muck,  lime,  gyp- 
sum, and  other  fertilizers,  and  the  ease  with  which  the 
ground  is  wrought,  render  practicable  its  restoration  to  fer- 
tility. The  climate  of  Eastern  Maryland  is  singularly 
mild  for  its  latitude,  and  many  Northern  farmers  have  of 
late  removed  thither.  All  parts  of  the  state  are  healthful, 
excOT)t  that  malarial  fevers  prevail  near  the  marshy  tracts. 
Manufactures. — Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the 
manufacture  of  iron,  fire-brick,  magnesian  salts,  lime,  Ac. 
There  are  also  many  other  manufacturing  industries,  Balti- 
more and  its  vicinity  being  their  principal  seat.  Boots 
and  shoes,  bricks,  cement,  chemicals,  clothing,  cooperage, 
cotton  goods,  canned  goods  (fruits,  meats,  and  oysters), 
flour,  furniture,  leather,  lumber,  machinery,  metallic  wares, 
tobacco,  and  woollen  goods  are  leading  articles  of  manufac- 
ture. West  of  Chesapeake  Bay  there  is  much  water-power. 
Forest  Products. — These  are  mainly  oak  for  ship-timber, 
ash,  hickory,  cedar,  and  cypress  shingles,  tanners'  bark, 
sumach  leaves  for  tanning,  charcoal,  firewood,  Ac. 

Fisheries,  dbc. — The  oyster-fisheries  of  Maryland  are 
more  extensive  than  those  of  any  other  state,  the  sounds, 
inlets,  bays,  and  estuaries  of  the  coasts  being  a  favorite 
habitat  of  oysters,  the  product  of  each  locality  having  ita 
special  name  and  its  peculiar  qualities  as  regards  size, 
flavor,  Ac.  Many  vessels  from  the  North  visit  the  waters 
of  Maryland  and  obtain  oysters  for  planting  and  for  direct 
sale;  and  so  extensive  is  this  business  that  the  state  has 
been  obliged  to  enact  a  series  of  statutes  for  its  regulation. 
The  shad-  and  other  fisheries  are  also  important  and  lucra- 
tive. The  canvas-back  duck  haunts  the  mai-shes  of  this 
state,  whore  its  special  food,  a  species  of  Vallisneria,  gives 
to  the  bird's  flesh  its  jpeouliar  celery  flavor  so  much  es- 
teemed by  epicures.  Reed-birds,  wild  geese,  rails,  snipev 
and  grouse  haunt  the  waste  lands,  old  fields,  and  marshes 
and  afford  autumnal  occupation  for  the  sportsman.  Th« 
soft-shelled  crabs  and  terrapins  of  the  Baltimore  markets 
are  celebrated  for  their  excellence. 

Finances. — The  financial  history  of  Maryland  is  in  the 
highest  degree  honorable  to  her  people.  The  state  early 
entered  upon  the  construction  of  canals  and  works  of  in- 
ternal improvement,  and  freely  lent  her  credit  to  the  assist- 
ance of  her  railroad  corporations.    She  thus  became  heavily 


MAR 


1778 


MAR 


Involved  in  debt,  and  met  for  a  time  with  grievous  embar- 
rassments ;  but  all  claims  were  honorably  adjusted,  and  the 
state  credit  has  since  been  excellent. 

Eailroads.— The  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  was  char- 
tered in  1827,  and  on  July  4,  1828,  the  first  ground  was 
broken  upon  it  by  the  venerated  patriot  Charles  Carroll. 
In  1830  the  state  had  15  miles  of  railroad;  in  1833,  110 
miles ;  in  1846  (including  the  District  of  Columbia),  259 
miles:  in  1855,  327  miles ;  in  1860,  386 miles ;  in  1865,  446 
miles;  in  1870,  671  miles;  in  1876,  929  miles;  in  1880, 
1040  miles;  in  1885,  1137  miles;  and  in  1890,  1270  miles. 
Of  late  there  has  been  a  great  extension  of  railroads,  prin- 
cipally upon  the  Eastern  Shore. 

Commerce  has  its  principal  seat  at  Baltimore,  which  was 
long  the  seat  of  nearly  all  the  general  trade ;  but  the  East- 
em  Shore  has  now  a  large  direct  trade  with  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  as  well.  The  navigable  waters  and  the  rail- 
roads afford  unusual  commercial  advantages.  The  coal  of 
Maryland  is  used  extensively  in  all  the  Atlantic  States. 
Baltimore  has  an  important  foreign  commerce. 

Counties. — Maryland  has  23  counties,  besides  the  inde- 
pendent city  of  Baltimore.  The  counties  are  Alleghany, 
Anne  Arundel,  Baltimore,  Calvert,  Caroline,  Carroll,  Cecil, 
Charles,  Dorchester,  Frederick,  Garrett,  Harford,  Howard, 
Kent,  Montgomery,  Prince  George's,  Queen  Anne,  St.  Mary's, 
Somerset,  Talbot,  Washington,  Wicomicq,  and  Worcester. 

Cities  and  Towns. — The  principal  cities  are  Baltimore, 
the  metropolis  (pop.  in  1880,  332,313 ;  in  1890,  434,439) ; 
Annapolis,  the  state  capital  (pop.  in  1890,  7604) ;  Cumber- 
land, on  the  upper  Potomac  (12,729) ;  Frederick,  the  western 
trade  centre  (8193) ;  Easton,  a  bishop's  see  and  a  busy  fruit 
mart  (2939):  Hagerstown,  in  the  mountain-region  (10,118); 
besides  SalisDury,  St.  Michael's,  Laurel,  Ellicott  City,  Havre 
de  Grace,  Emmittsburg,  Cambridge,  Port  Deposit,  Elkton, 
Chesapeake  City,  Westminster,  Lonaconing,  Chestertown, 
Frostburg,  and  other  towns,  which,  if  not  populous,  are  in 
several  instances  centres  of  large  trade  and  considerable 
manufactures.  Some  of  these  towns  are  compactly  built 
and  have  very  populous  surroundings. 

Education. — The  Lancasterian  school  system,  introduced 
into  Baltimore  in  1820,  seems  to  have  been  the  germ  of  the 
public  school  system  of  that  city,  first  legally  established 
in  1827.  At  present  there  is  a  highly  encouraging  outlook 
for  the  cause  of  education  in  the  state,  public  education 
being  now  popular  with  all  classes.  It  is  under  state, 
county,  and  local  boards  and  superintendents.  Separate 
schools  are  maintained  for  colored  pupils.  There  is  a  state 
normal  school  at  Baltimore,  and  training-schools  elsewhere. 
High  and  graded  schools  are  sustained  at  populous  places, 
and  the  academies  of  the  state  receive  public  aid.  There 
are  colleges  at  Frederick,  Chestertown,  Emmittsburg,  New 
Windsor,  Westminster,  Woodstock,  Annapolis,  Ellicott  City, 
Ilohester,  and  other  points,  thirteen  in  total  number,  with- 
out including  the  Baltimore  City  College  (free),  the  nobly- 
endowed  Johns  Hopkins  University  at  Clinton,  near  Balti- 
more, the  six  female  colleges,  or  the  state  agricultural 
college.  Reference  should  here  be  made  to  the  United  States 
naval  academy  at  Annapolis ;  to  the  effective  system  of 
parochial  and  higher  schools  under  Roman  Catholic  aus- 
pices ;  to  the  nnmerous  orphanages  of  Baltimore,  and  her 
free  night  and  industrial  schools ;  to  the  state  schools  for 
the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes ;  to  the  Maryland  Institute, 
where  the  fine  arts  and  the  sciences  are  ably  taught ;  and  to 
the  renowned  Peabody  Institute,  of  Baltimore. 

Government. — The  governor  is  chosen,  for  a  term  of  four 
years.  The  general  assembly  consists  of  a  senate  and  a 
house  of  delegates.  The  justices  of  courts  are  elected  for 
fixed  terms  of  years.  Voters  must  have  resided  in  the  state 
1  year,  and  in  the  district  or  county  where  they  vote  6 
months.  The  state  sends  six  members  to  the  lower  house  of 
Congress,  and  has  8  electoral  votes. 

History. — Maryland  was  colonized  in  1634  by  English 
Roman  Catholics  under  Leonard  Calvert,  a  brother  of  Lord 
Baltimore,  the  patentee  and  proprietor.  The  first  settle- 
ment under  the  patent  was  at  St.  Mary's.  In  1649  re- 
ligious toleration  was  enacted  for  members  of  all  Christian 
sects  and  churches,  excepting  those  who  deny  the  Trinity. 
For  many  years  the  colony  was  vexed  by  contests  with  tur- 
bulent Puritan  settlers  and  others.  During  the  Revolution, 
Maryland  and  her  troops  bore  very  gallant  and  conspicuous 
parts ;  and  for  a  time  Annapolis  was  the  seat  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress.  Here  Washington  resigned  his  command 
of  the  army  in  1783.  In  the  war  of  1812-15  the  battles 
of  Bladensburg  and  North  Point  and  the  bombardment  of 
Fort  McHenry  were  prominent  events.  Maryland  re- 
mained a  slave  state  until  the  final  abolishment  of  slavery 
'd  the  United  States ;  but  she  did  not  follow  the  Southern 


States  in  their  attempted  secession,  that  step  having  been 
prevented  as  much  by  the  strength  of  the  Union  party  of 
the  state  as  by  the  presence  of  federal  troops.  The  battles 
of  Antietam  and  South  Mountain,  with  other  less  important 
struggles,  occurred  upon  her  soil.  Since  the  war  there  has 
been  a  large  immigration  from  the  North,  and  the  peacb- 
growing  and  market-gardening  industries  of  the  Eastern 
Shore  have  been  immensely  developed. 

The  population  in  1660  waa  12,000 ;  in  1671,  20,000  ;  in 
1753,  154,188;  in  1790,319,728;  in  1800,341,548;  in  1810, 
380,546;  in  1820,  407,350;  in  1830,  447,040;  in  1840, 
470,019;  in  1850,  583,034;  in  1860,  687,049,  of  when. 
615,918  were  white,  83,941  free  colored,  and  87,189  slaves ; 
in  1870,  780,894;  in  1880,  934.943  ;  in  1890,  1,042,390. 

Ma'rylandy  the  easternmost  county  of  Liberia,  in 
Africa. 

Ma'ryland,  a  township  of  Ogle  oo.,  III.  Pop.  1181. 
It  contains  Adeline. 

Maryland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lincoln  township,  Ogle 
CO.,  Ill,,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  14  miles  N,W,  of 
Oregon,     It  has  a  church, 

Maryland,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co,,  N,Y,,  in  Mary- 
land township,  on  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  70 
miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  about  25 
houses,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  con- 
tains a  larger  village,  named  Schenevus,  and  a  pop.  ot  2365 

Maryland  Line,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co,,  Md., 
2  miles  from  Freeland  Station,  and  36  miles  N.  of  Balti- 
more.    Pop.  about  160. 

Maryland  Line,  a  station  in  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  o( 
Oxford. 

Ma'rylebone,  or  Saint  Marylebone,  a  borough 
of  England,  oo.  of  Middlesex,  forming  the  N.W.  quarter  of 
the  metropolis,  having  E.  the  borough  of  Finsbury,  and  S. 
Westminster,  on  which  side  Oxford  street  forms  its  bound- 
ary. The  borough  consists  mostly  of  elegant  streets,  very 
regularly  laid  out,  and  inhabited  by  many  wealthy  private 
families;  and  it  comprises  the  Regent's  Park,  Portland 
Place,  the  upper  part  of  Regent  street.  Cavendish,  Port- 
man,  Manchester,  and  Fitzroy  Squares ;  the  new  and  splen^* 
did  quarter  between  the  Regent's  and  Hyde  Parks,  the  Co- 
losseum, Princess's  Theatre,  Middlesex  Hospital,  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  and  several  handsome 
churches.  It  has  2  parliamentary  divisions,  each  returning 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     P.  (1891)  142,381. 

Ma'ryport,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Cumberland,  on 
the  Ellen,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Irisb  Sea,  on  2  railways,  26 
miles  W,S.W.  of  Carlisle,  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  White- 
haven. It  is  well  built,  has  yards  for  ship-building,  some 
manufactures,  and  large  exports  of  coal  to  Scotland  and 
Ireland.    The  harbor  dries  at  low  water.    Pop,  (1891)  8784, 

Marysburg,  ma'riz-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur 
CO.,  Minn,,  11  miles  S,E,  of  St.  Peter,  and  10  or  11  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church. 

Mary's  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Cook  co.,  and  flows 
southeastward  into  Stewart's  Fork,  in  Tarrant  oo. 

Mary's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Parker  oo.,  Tex. 

Ma'rystown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Louisville  township, 
Scott  CO.,  Minn,,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill, 

Ma'rysvale,  a  post-office  of  Pi  Ute  oo.,  Utah. 

Ma'rysville,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of  Yuba 
CO.,  Cal,,  is  situated  on  the  E,  bank  of  the  Feather  River, 
on  the  N,  bank  of  the  Yuba  River  (about  1  mile  from  its 
mouth),  and  on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroaid,  40  miles  in  a  direct  line,  52  miles  by  railroad, 
and  70  miles  by  water  N,  of  Sacramento,  It  is  at  the  head 
of  navigation,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  It  contains  8 
churches,  a  masonic  hall,  a  graded  public  school,  a  public 
library,  a  convent,  3  banking-offices,  several  forwarding 
and  commission  houses,  gas-works,  an  iron-foundry,  a 
woollen-factory,  several  steam  flouring-mills,  Ac,  Two 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Gold 
is  the  chief  product  of  Yuba  co.  Steamboats  ply  daily 
between  this  place  and  Sacramento,     Pop.  in  1890,  3991, 

Marysville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co,,  Ga, 

Marysville,  a  village  of  Vermilion  co,.  111,,  in  Mid 
die  Fork  townsbfp,  on  the  Havana,  Rantoul  A  Eastern 
Railroad,  30  miles  E,  of  Rantoul,  and  20  miles  N,W,  of 
Danville,  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  an  elevator,  a  flouring-mill,  a  brick-yard,  Ac. 
Here  is  Potomac  Post-Office. 

Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co,,  Ind,,  in  Ore- 
gon township,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Charlestown. 

Marysville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  is  in 


MAR 


1779 


MAS 


Liberty  township,  in  a  valley,  on  or  near  Cedar  Creek, 
about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  woollon-mill,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  266. 

Marysvillej  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  in  Marysville  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Big 
Blue  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad, 
112  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Fair- 
bury.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  a  court-house,  a 
graded  school,  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flouring-mill,  Ac.  The  river  here  affords  water-power. 
Pop.  in  1890,  191.3;  of  the  township,  additional,  666. 

Marysville,  or  Maryville,  a  township  of  Miami  oo., 
Fvansas.     Pop.  1296.     It  contains  Hillsdale. 

Marysville,  a  post- village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  6  miles  below  Port  Huron.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  250. 

Marysville,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  818. 

Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Seward.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Marysville,  New  York.    See  Nelsonville. 

Marysville,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
township,  17  miles  N.  of  Versailles.     It  has  a  church. 

Marysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  0.,  in 
Paris  township,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Delaware  with  Springfield,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Delaware,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  banks,  a  graded  school,  5  churches, 
and  2  newspaper  offices,  and  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs,  spokes,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  2810. 

Marysville,  a  post-borough  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  8  miles  above  Harrisburg,  and  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
91  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  6  churches.  P.  about  1200. 

Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
W.  of  Sherman.     It  has  several  churches. 

Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  is  near 
the  Staunton  River,  and  about  24  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Marysville,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.    See  Smithvillb. 

Ma'rysville,  a  post- village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Nashwaak  River,  4  miles  from  Fredericton. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  number  of  hand- 
some cottages.     Pop.  300. 

Marysville,  or  Tyendinaga,  ti^en-de-nah'ga,  apost- 
village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 34  miles  W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Ma'rytown,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis., 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lao. 

Maryville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Kansas  City,  St,  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad, 
45  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  banks,  7  churches,  a 
flonr-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3485;  in  1890,  4037. 

Maryville,  or  Marysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Blount  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Knoxville  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
16  miles  S.  of  Knoxville.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  Maryville  College  (Presbyterian),  which 
was  organized  in  1819,  and  the  Freedman's  College,  which 
is  under  the  care  of  the  Friends.  It  has  3  flouring-mills, 
2  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  1800. 

Marzameui,  mand-zi-m^'nee,  a  small  island  off  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Sicily,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 

Marzano,  maRd-z&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  1400. 

Mas-d-Fuera,  m&s-&-fwd,'r&,  a  rocky  island  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  Chili,  110  miles  W.  of  the  island 
of  Juan  Fernandez,  and  rising  to  2300  feet  above  the  ocean. 
Lat.  33°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  80°  54'  30"  W.  It  is  about  10  mUes 
in  circumference. 

Masambeek,  or  Masambik.    See  Mozaubiqub. 

Masanasa,  m^-si-n&'sd.,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  about  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  2225. 

Masar'dis,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  is 
on  both  sides  of  the  Aroostook  River,  about  44  miles  N.W. 
of  Houghton.     Pop.  169. 

Masatenango,  Guatemala.     See  Mazatenango. 

Mas-a-Tierra  Island.     See  Juan  Fernandez. 

Masaya,  mi-si'3,,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Nicaragua,  at  the  foot  of  the  volcano  of 
Masaya.     Pop.  10,000. 

Masbach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Massbach. 

Masbate,  m4s-b4't4,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  Luzon,  and  W.  of  Samar.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  about  70  miles ;  average  breadth,  20  miles. 
Here  are  the  ports  of  Barreras  and  Catayugan. 

Masborongh,  maz'bilr-riih,  a  suburb  of  Rotherham, 


Yorkshire,  England,  separated  from  the  town  proper  by  thf 
river  Don.     Pop.  8091. 

Mascal, Ma8khal,m&8-k&r, or Mascal'ly,  an  island 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  on  the  coast  of  the  Cbittagong  dis> 
trict.  It  is  15  miles  long,  and  has  a  village  called  Masoal. 
Lat.  21°  31'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  91°  68'  E.  On  the  S.  is  Masoal 
Channel,  the  entrance  to  the  port  of  Cox's  Bazaar. 

Mascali,  m&s-k&'lee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  the  sea,  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Catania,  near  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna. 
It  has  an  active  fishery,  and  trade  in  wine,  lime,  corn,  tim- 
ber, fruit,  and  lava.  Mascali  has  some  curious  antiquities. 
Pop.  6047. 

Mascalncia,  m&s-k&-loo'oh&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles 
N.  of  Catania,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  Mount  Etna.  Pop, 
3071.     It  suffered  severely  from  an  earthquake  in  1818. 

Mascara,  mis-ki^r4',  or  Victo'ria,  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  46  miles  S.E.  of  Oran.  It  was  the  residence 
of  Abd-el-Kader,  and  was  taken  and  mined  by  the  French 
in  1836.     Pop.  9240. 

Mascarene,  mas-k^reen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  E.  side  of  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  near  the  month  of  Magaguadavio  River,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  St.  George.     Pop.  200. 

Mascarene  (mas-ka-reen')  Isles,  a  collective  name 
of  the  islands  of  Bourbon,  Mauritius,  and  Rodrigues,  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  so  called  from  the  Portuguese  Mascarenhas, 
who  discovered  Bourbon  in  1545. 

Mascarene  Peninsula,  a  headland  in  Charlotte  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  E.  side  of  Passamaquoddy  Bay. 

Mascat,  or  Mascate,  Arabia.    See  Muscat. 

Maschito,  m&s-kee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata. 
S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  3450. 

Masco'ma,  or  Masco'my,  a  small  river  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  is  the  outlet  of  several  small  lakes,  one  of  which 
is  called  Mascoma  Pond.     It  enters  the  Connecticut  River. 

Mascouche  (m&s^koosh')  Rapids,  a  post-village  in 
L'Assomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Mascouche,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Terrebonne.  It  contains  2  churches,  5  stores,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  shingle-factory,  and 
has  a  trade  in  lumber,  flour,  grain,  and  potash.     Pop.  650. 

Mascou'tah,  a  post-town  of  St.  Clair  co..  III.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Belleville,  and  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  a 
graded  school,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  steam 
flouring-mill.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  2790. 

Mas  de  Azil,  m&s  di.  &^zeel',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pamiers.     Pop.  1278. 

Mas  de  las  Matas,  mis  dk  l&s  ma't&s,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1816. 

Masenia,  mi-si'n^-i,  or  Masefia,  m&-s&n'y&,  a 
walled  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Bagbirmi,  100  miles  S.E. 
of  Lake  Chad.  It  is  fairly  well  constructed  on  very  rough 
ground,  has  a  brick  palace  for  the  sultan,  and  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade,  but  is  decaying  on  account  of  its  ex- 
treme unhealthiness. 

Mash'ani,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  the  Ure,  16  miles  S.S.E,  of  Ri-hmond. 

Masham  Mills,  a  poet-village  in  Ottawa  oo,,  Quebeo, 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  160. 

Mash^apaug',  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Tol- 
land CO.,  Conn.,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

Mashe'na,  a  walled  town  of  Africa,  in  Bomoo,  130 
miles  N.E.  of  Kano.     Pop.  10,000. 

Mashku'dens  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Itasca  co.,  and 
is  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Length, 
nearly  10  miles.  An  outlet  issues  from  its  S.  end  and  runs 
into  the  Mississippi  River. 

Mashow,  mVshfiw',  or  Massao,  mas'sSw',  a  town  of 
Africa,  Bechuana  country,  115  miles  N.E.  of  Lattakoo. 

Mash'pee,  or  Marsh'pee,  a  post-township  of  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  bounded  on  the  S.  oy  the  Atlantic  Oceau, 
about  25  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  long  been  a 
reservation  for  the  Mashpee  Indians.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  278. 

Mash^rak',  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district,  Bengal,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  Chuprah.     Pop.  3906. 

Mashu'laville,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  oo..  Miss., 
12  miles  W.  of  Macon,  and  about  37  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2°  stores. 

Masi,  m&'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2214. 

Masino,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Miasino. 

Masio,  m&'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  from  Ovi- 
glio,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  of  commune,  2983. 

Masius  Mons,  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Dasb. 

Maskat,  Arabia.    See  Muscat. 


MAS 


1780 


MAS 


Maskegon  River.    See  Muskegon  River. 
Maskhal,  Bengal.     See  Mascal. 
Maskinonge^  mas^ke-nSnj',  a  river  of  Berthier  co., 
Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  Maskinonge,  and  flows  S.S.E.  into 
the  St.  Lawrence.    About  8  miles  from  its  mouth  are  the 
Great  Rapids,  where  there  is  a  fall  of  more  than  300  feet. 

Maskinonge,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Quebec,  hav- 
ing Lake  St.  Peter,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  for 
its  S.E.  boundary.  Area,  3200  square  miles.  The  N.W. 
part  is  drained  by  the  Gatineau  and  Du  Lidvre  Rivers  and 
some  of  their  tributaries,  and  the  S.W.  part  by  the  Maski- 
nonge and  Du  Loup  Rivers  and  other  streams.  Capital, 
RiviSre  du  Loup  en  Haut.    Pop.  15,079. 

Maskinonge,  a  post-village  in  Maskinonge  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Three  Rivers. 
H  contains  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 
Maskinonge  Bridge.    See  Pokt  de  Maskinonoe. 
Masmlinster,  the  German  name  of  Massevaux. 
Masnon,  mis-noo'  (?),  a  village  of  Spain,  10  miles  from 
Barcelona,  on  the  railway  to  Mataro.     Pop.  3894. 

Ma'son,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  th« 
N.W.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Sangamon 
River,  which  enters  the  Illinois  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  county,  and  by  Salt  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern,  Illinois  Central,  and 
Fulton  County  Narrow  Gauge  Railroads,  and  the  Jackson- 
ville division  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railrond.  Capital, 
Havana.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,184;  in  1880,  16,242:  in  1890, 
16,067. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of 
Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Kentucky  Central  and  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroads. 
Capital,  Maysville.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,126 ;  in  1880,  20,469 ; 
in  1890,  20,773. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Marquette  and 
Grand  Sable  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  The  soil  produces  cereal  grains, 
potatoes,  Ac.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Flint  & 
Pere  Marquette,  Mason  A  Oceana,  and  Manistee  &  Luther 
Railroads.  Capital,  Ludington.  Pop.  in  1870,  3263;  in 
1880,  10,065;  in  1890,  16,385. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Llano  and  San  Saba  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating. The  soil  produces  pasture  for  a  large  number  of 
cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital, 
Majson.  Pop.  in  1870,  678 ;  in  1880,  2655 ;  in  1890,  5180. 
Mason,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington,  has 
an  area  of  about  996  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Hood's  Canal  and  Puget  Sound,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Satsop  and 
Skokomish  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  moun- 
tains or  hills  and  extensive  forests.  Lumber  is  one  of  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Washington  Southern  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Shel- 
ton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  289 ;  in  1880,  639 ;  in  1890, 
2826. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  "Virginia,  bor- 
ders on  the  state  of  Ohio.  Area,  about  440  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  which  enters  the  Ohio 
in  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and  valuable  salt  springs. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Kanawha  &  Michigan  division  of 
the  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  and  by  the  Ohio  River  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Point  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,978 :  in 
1880,  22,293;  in  1890,  22,863. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  oo..  111.,  in  Mason 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Effingham,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of  Vandalia."  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  500 :  of 
the  township  (1890),  1595. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
447.  exclusive  of  Mason  City. 


Mason,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  710. 
Mason,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.    It 
has  2  churches. 
Mason,  a  township  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.     Pop.  127. 
Mason,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  851, 

Mason,  a  post-village,  oapital  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich., 
in  Vevay  township,  on  Sycamore  Creek,  and  on  the  Jack- 
son, Lansing  A  Saginaw  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Jackson, 
and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
2  banks,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school- 
house  which  cost  $20,000,  a  foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  a 
sash-factory,  2  flour-mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  saw 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1876. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  Mo.  Pop.  600,  ex 
elusive  of  Hannibal. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Mason  township,  on  the  Peterborough  A  Shirley  Branch  of 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Ayer,  Mass.,  and 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1364. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  1884. 
Mason,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Deerfield 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  5  churches  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  387. 

Mason,  a  post-office  of  Venango  oo.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.  of 
Franklin. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mason,  a  post-village,  oapital  of  Mason  co.,  Tex.,  about 
110  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin  City.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Pomeroy,  0.  It  has  6  ohurches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  boat-yard,  and  manufactures  of  salt  and 
bromine.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  1182. 

Mason  and  Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Pa.,  at  State  Line  Station  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chambersburg. 

Ma'sonborough,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  541. 

Mason  City,  a  town  of  Mason  co..  111.,  in  Mason  City 
township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  18 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lincoln,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of 
Springfield.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  1  other  banking- 
house,  a  carriage-factory,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  4 
ohurches.  A  large  quantity  of  corn  is  shipped  here.  Pop. 
1615 ;  of  the  township,  2387. 

Mason  City,  an  incorporated  town,  capital  of  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Ma^on  township,  on  Lime  Creek,  and 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  where  it  crosses  the  Iowa 
A  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  It  is  88  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Marshalltown,  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Austin,  Minn.,  and  27  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Charles  City.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches,  a  school- 
building  which  cost  $30,000,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  in  1890,  4007. 

Masone,  m&-8o'n&,   a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  3  miles  from  Campofreddo.    Pop.  of  commune,  2632. 
Mason  Island,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Gal- 
way,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Clifden. 

Mason  Plains,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  III.  Pop. 
800.     It  contains  Forest  City. 

Mason  River,  Illinois,  a  little  stream  which  falls  into 
the  Illinois  River  opposite  to  Morris,  in  Grundy  co. 

Mason's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Masons  HaH,  a  hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Kenton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Mason  Springs,  a  station  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Longview. 

Ma'sontown,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  in  Ger- 
man township,  1  mile  from  the  Monongahela  River,  and 
about  45  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
distillery.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mason  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
14  miles  W.  of  Morgantown.     It  has  a  church. 
Mason  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 
Mason  Valley,  Nevada.     See  Greenfield. 
Ma'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Coffin's  Grove  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  A  Sioux  C'.tj  or  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  3 
ohurches,  a  graded  school,  2  hotels,  and  2  grain -elevators. 


MAS 


1781 


MAS 


Stasonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ky.,  8  miles 
8.S.E.  of  Owensboroagh.     It  has  2  oharohes. 

Masonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ma- 
sonville  township,  on  the  Little  Bay  de  Noquet,  6  miles  E. 
of  Day's  River  Station,  and  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Es- 
canaba.     It  has  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  170. 

Masonville)  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Camden  with  Mount  Holly,  14 
miles  E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Masouville,  a  post-village  in  Masonville  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Bennett's  Creek,  about  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Binghamton,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Sidney  Plains. 
It  has  3  churches.  Its  staple  products  are  butter  and 
cheese.     Pop.  200 ;  of  the  township,  1660. 

Masonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Ya.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Crisfield,  Md. 

Alasovia,  Poland.    See  Warsaw. 

Mlas'pethy  a  post-village  in  Newtown  township,  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Winfield  Junction,  and  about  6 
miles  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ropes  and  oil-cloth. 

Massa,  Italy.  See  Massa  di  Carrara,  Massa-Lu- 
BBENZE,  Massa  Maritima,  etc. 

Massa  and  Carrara.    See  Massa  b  Carrara. 

Mas^sabe'sic,  a  station  in  Rockingham  co.,  N.H,,  on 
the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Manchester. 

Mas'saC)  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois^  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  oak,  ash,  cypress,  hickory,  elm,  maple,  and  tulip- 
tree  abound.  It  is  partly  occupied  with  cypress  swamps. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  to- 
bacco are  the  staple  products.  Carboniferous  limestone  un- 
derlies part  of  the  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Metropolis 
City.    Pop.  in  1870,  9581 ;  in  1880, 10,443 ;  in  1890,  11,313. 

Massac  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Massac  co..  111.,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Vienna.     It  has  2  churches. 

Massachusetts,  mas-sa-chu's^ts,  one  of  the  Eastern  or 
New  England  states,  and  one  of  the  original  thirteen  states 
of  the  American  Union,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Vermont 
and  New  Hampshire,  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  S.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  by  Rhode  Island  and  Connecticut,  and 
W.  by  Rhode  Island  and  New  York.  There  are  several 
islands  within  the  state  limits  (Nantucket,  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, Elizabeth  Islands,  Ac);  and  in  the  S.E.  the  penin- 
sula of  Cape  Cod  extends  into  the  sea,  forming  Cape  Cod 
Bay,  and,  from  its  shape,  is  sometimes  called  the  "right 
arm  of  the  commonwealth."  Area,  8315  square  miles,  of 
which  the  land  area  is  8040  square  miles,  or  6,145,600  acres, 
and  the  water  surface  275  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — In  the  extreme  W.,  between  the 
sharp  and  somewhat  precipitous  elevation  of  the  Taconic 
Mountains  and  the  more  eastward  parallel  and  much 
wider  range  of  the  Hoosac  and  Green  Mountains  proper, 
extends  the  beautiful  Berkshire  Valley,  containing  the 
rivers  Housatonic  and  Hoosac,  which  flow  S.  and  N.  re- 
spectively. Eastward  we  cross  the  Green  Mountain  region, 
the  most  of  which  affords  good  pasturage  and  is  well 
adapted  to  the  dairy-business,  to  stock-raising,  and  to  gen- 
eral agriculture.  East  of  this  belt  lies  the  valley  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  beautiful 
regions  in  the  world.  The  western  slope  of  the  broken 
and  hilly  country  E.  of  the  Connecticut  Valley  affords  some 
excellent  farming  tracts,  but  portions  of  its  surface  are  ex- 
ceedingly rocky,  and  others  have  a  stubborn,  cold,  and  un- 
productive soil.  When  the  eastern  slope  of  these  hills  is 
reached,  we  find  a  tract  which,  though  not  naturally  fer- 
tile, has,  under  skilful  culture,  developed  generous  quali- 
ties as  a  farming  region.  The  southeastern  part,  the  "  Old 
Colony,"  as  it  is  called,  is  very  level,  with  a  sandy  and  gen- 
erally stony  soil,  covered  naturally  with  pine  forests;  and 
it  cannot  be  called  a  fertile  region,  except  in  certain  limited 
portions.  This  part  of  the  state  abounds  in  shallow  lakes, 
many  of  which,  especially  those  upon  Cape  Cod,  have  no 
connection  with  the  sea,  but  are  filled  with  very  pure  fresh 
water.  This  S.E.  section  abounds  in  swamps,  which  produce 
much  cedar  timber ;  and  here  the  cranberry  is  profitably 
grown  upon  a  very  large  scale.  The  salt  marshes,  which 
extend  along  a  part  of  the  eastern  coast  of  Massachusetts, 
afford  much  hay,  of  which  the  quality  is  often  very  good. 
The  highest  elevation  in  the  state  is  Greylock  (3500  feet), 
in  the  N.W.  Berkshire  co.  has  at  least  six  other  peaks 
exceeding  2000  feet  in  height,  but  no  others  reaching  3000 
feet.     E.  of  the  Connecticut  River  the  highest  point  is  Mt. 


Waohosett,  a  detached  elevation  in  Worcester  co.  Othei 
noteworthy  elevations  are  Mt.  Everett,  in  Lhe  S.W.  (2694 
feet),  and  Mts.  Tom,  Nonotuck,  Holyoke,  Sugar  Loaf,  and 
Metawampe  and  Pocumtuck,  in  the  Connecticut  Valley, 
none  of  which  attain  any  considerable  height,  although 
they  have  for  the  most  part  steep  and  even  precipitous  sides. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  surface  of  Massachusetts  it 
largely  overlaid  with  drift  materials,  and  the  underlying 
rocks  show  quite  generally  strong  marks  of  glacial  action. 
Most  of  the  state's  area  is  of  azoic  or  primitive  formation 
The  extreme  W.  is  Silurian,  and  just  W.  of  the  Connecticut 
River  another  Silurian  belt  crosses  the  state  from  N.  to  S. 
The  immediate  valley  of  the  Connecticut  is  mainly  triassic, 
abounding  in  iohnolites  and  other  interesting  fossils.  To 
the  N.  and  N.E.  of  Worcester  there  is  another  Silurian 
field,  extending  into  New  Hampshire ;  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Boston,  and  soQthwestward,  there  is  another  irregular 
area  of  similar  geologic  character.  Most  of  the  Silurian 
strata  are  highly  metamorphic.  The  same  is  true  of  the 
carboniferous  strata  of  the  state.  These  strata  are  a  north- 
eastward continuation  of  the  Rhode  Island  coal-field.  Coai 
has  been  wrought  to  some  extent  at  Mansfield,  Wrentham, 
Raynham,  and  elsewhere;  but  its  deposits  are  irregular 
and  its  character  is  semi-graphitic.  All  the  Massachusetts 
coals  thus  far  found  are  of  the  anthracite  class,  exceedingly 
hard,  and  igniting  with  great  difficulty,  and  they  cannot 
be  mined  with  profit,  except  for  certain  special  uses.  In 
the  W.  part  of  Martha's  Vineyard  there  is  an  interesting 
fossiliferous  tract  of  miocene  age ;  and  the  Cape  Cod  region 
is  post-tertiary.  The  principal  rook-formations  of  Mas- 
sachusetts are  of  gneissoid  character,  with  occasional  dikes 
of  true  granite.  This  is  largely  quarried,  as  at  Rockport, 
Graniteville,  Monson,  Fall  River,  &o.,  and  is  an  important 
article  of  export.  The  handsome  dark  Quincy  granite  is 
properly  a  syenite.  The  marbles  and  limestones  of  Berkshire 
are  extensively  wrought  for  building-stone  and  for  lime- 
burners'  use.  The  Connecticut  Valley  affords  a  handsome 
brown  sandstone.  Soapstone  (Andover),  graphite  (Stur- 
bridge),  ochre  (Gay  Head),  emery  (Chester),  feldspar,  pot- 
ter's clay,  and  mica  are  among  the  other  mineral  products 
of  economic  value.  Iron  ore  of  the  best  quality  is  mined 
and  smelted  in  Berkshire  co.  The  lakes  of  Plymouth  and 
Bristol  COS.  contain  interesting  deposits  of  limonite,  for- 
merly utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  iron.  Quartz-sand 
for  glass-makers'  use  is  a  product  of  Berkshire.  Lead  baa 
been  mined  in  Mount  Tom  (Easthampton).  Small  quanti- 
ties of  gold  and  copper  are  discovered  along  the  Green 
Mountains.  At  Newburyport  there  are  rich  and  apparently 
important  ores  of  silver  (argentiferous  galena)  mined  to 
some  extent.  Lead  ores  are  reported  from  Boxford  and  other 
points  in  Essex  co.  Mounts  Holyoke,  Nonotuck,  and  Tom 
are  parts  of  a  remarkably  precipitous  barrier  of  trap  rock, 
through  which  the  Connecticut  River  has  burst  its  way. 
The  mineral  waters  of  Great  Barrington,  Williamstown, 
Hopkinton,  Shutesbury,  Amherst,  Pelham,  Hawley,  An- 
dover, Winchendon,  Ac,  have  more  or  less  local  reputation 
in  the  treatment  of  disefise. 

Coast-line,  Harbors,  Rivers,  &c. — At  the  N.E.  angle  of 
the  state  is  Salisbury  Beach,  a  well-known  summer  resort. 
At  Newburyport  the  Merrimac  River  reaches  the  sea,  but 
at  its  mouth  there  is  a  bad  and  shifting  bar,  which  im- 
pedes commerce.  The  Merrimac  is  a  navigable  tidal  stream 
as  far  as  Haverhill,  and  large  sums  of  money  are  being 
expended  to  render  it  navigable  above  that  point.  It  fur- 
nishes extensive  water-power  at  Lowell  and  Lawrence,  and 
at  Nashua  and  Manchester,  N.H.  Plum  Island  is  remark- 
able as  being  the  northernmost  of  those  sand-spits  so 
characteristic  of  our  Atlantic  coast.  Cape  Ann  is  a  bold 
and  rocky  promontory,  whose  inhabitants  are  largely  en- 
gaged in  the  fisheries  (as  at  Gloucester)  and  in  granite- 
quarrying.  Massachusetts  Bay,  which  once  gave  its  name  to 
uie  province,  terminates  in  the  noble  harbor  of  Boston ;  and 
along  its  shores  there  are  other  harbors  at  Beverly,  Salem, 
and  Marblehead.  Cape  Cod  Bay  affords  harbors  for  small 
vessels  at  Plymouth,  Sandwich,  Barnstable,  Yarmouth, 
and  Wellfleet.  Provincetown  is  on  Cape  Cod  Harbor,  an 
important  port  of  refuge.  On  the  outside  of  Cape  Cod,  the 
principal  ports  are  at  Chatham,  Hyannis,  Cotuit,  and 
Wood's  Holl.  The  chief  island  harbors  are  at  Nantucket, 
Edgartown,  and  Vineyard  Haven,  the  latter  an  important 
port  of  refuge.  Buzzard's  Bay  has  several  harbors,  among 
which  that  of  New  Bedford  is  the  principal.  Fall  River 
and  Taunton  are  on  navigable  waters,  and  the  former  place 
is  accessible  for  large  vessels.  The  Connecticut  River  haa 
been  dammed  at  Turner's  Falls  and  Holyoke,  and  furnishea 
immense  water-power.  The  Merrimac,  Housatonic,  Uooaao, 
Deerfield,  Mill,  Westfield,  Miller's,  Chicopee,  Ware,  Swift. 


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MAS 


Nashua,  Blaokstone,  Concord,  Assabet,  Shawsheen,  Spioket, 
Powow,  Nemasket,  and  Taunton  Rivers,  and  countlesa 
smaller  streams,  afford  water-power,  which  is  very  exten- 
sively utilized.  The  Connecticut,  Merrimac,  and  some  of 
the  smaller  streams  have,  in  their  seasons,  important  fish- 
eries of  shad  and  alewives,  and  many  smelts  are  taken  in 
some  of  the  streams. 

Climate,  Public  Health,  &c. — The  winters  of  Massaohu- 
aetts  are  severe,  and  at  all  times  of  the  year  the  climatic 
changes  are  liable  to  be  sudden  and  extreme.  The  preva- 
lence of  chilling  B.  winds  along  the  coast  is  a  remarkable 
feature.  Pulmonary  consumption  is  a  severe  scourge  of 
the  population,  especially  in  places  where  the  soil-moisture 
is  excessive.  The  rainfall  is  copious,  and  severe  droughts 
are  uncommon.  Neither  cholera  nor  intermittent  fevers 
have  ever  prevailed  in  Massachusetts  to  any  noteworthy 
extent;  but  in  the  inland  districts  autumnal  and  typhoidal 
fevers  occur,  sometimes  assuming  an  epidemic  character. 
Most  of  the  other  recorded  epidemics  have  been  of  influenza, 
diphtheria,  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  or  of  some  one  of  the 
ordinary  eruptive  and  contagious  fevers. 

Forests. — The  amount  of  woodland  is  large  for  a  state  so 
densely  peopled,  and  is  increasing  with  the  rapid  substitu- 
tion of  manufacturing  in  the  place  of  agricultural  occupa- 
tion, a  change  which  has  left  many  of  the  hill-towns  with 
a  very  scanty  population.  The  W.  counties  furnish  birch 
and  maple  timber  for  chair-stuff,  and  beech  for  tool-making; 
in  the  central  region  much  chestnut  timber  is  cut  for  fencing, 
railroad-ties,  joinery,  Ac. ;  and  the  S.E.  affords  hard  and 
white  pine  and  cedar,  largely  cut  for  the  general  lumber- 
trade,  for  box-making,  <fcc.  Much  of  the  waste  land  of  the 
state  is  covered  with  copse-wood,  which  is  frequently  out . 
over,  with  profit,  for  fuel,  <fco.  The  state  has  considerable 
oak,  ash,  and  hickory  timber  of  great  value ;  and  bounties 
have  of  late  been  offered  for  the  planting  of  timber  trees 
upon  lands  unfit  for  agriculture. 

Agricultural  Resources. — Although  the  soil  of  Massachu- 
setts is  accounted  in  general  somewhat  sterile,  the  census 
and  United  States  agricultural  reports  show  that,  taken  acre 
for  acre,  her  cultivated  lands  rank  with  the  very  best  on 
the  continent  for  productiveness.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
amount  of  labor  required  per  acre  for  each  crop  undoubtedly 
much  exceeds  what  is  needed  on  the  Western  prairies ;  and  no 
small  amount  of  energy,  intelligence,  and  business  capacity 
is  requisite  in  order  to  make  farming  profitable.  Besides, 
there  is  much  absolutely  waste  land  in  the  state,  fit  prin- 
cipally for  copse-woods,  or  at  best  for  pasturage ;  and  the 
area  of  abandoned  farm-lands  is  fast  increasing,  especially 
in  the  hill-country  of  Western  Massachusetts,  whence  town 
life  and  Western  agriculture  have  drawn  away  thousands  of 
the  rural  inhabitants.  But  the  beautiful  and  easily-culti- 
vated Connecticut  Valley  is  hardly  excelled  in  fertility  by  any 
region  in  the  world ;  and  even  its  outlying  elevated  sandy 
plains  (Westfield,  Chicopee,  Granby,  Ac.)  are  admirably 
easy  of  culture  and  give  remunerative  crops.  In  Berk- 
shire much  of  the  soil  is  generous,  and  well  adapted  to 
dairying  and  general  agriculture.  Western  Franklin  co. 
makes  a  specialty  of  live-stock  and  butter ;  the  Connecticut 
Valley,  of  tobacco,  broom-corn,  and  the  cereals;  North- 
western Worcester  co.,  of  cheese  and  butter ;  Essex  and 
Norfolk,  of  market-garden  products;  Middlesex,  of  gar- 
den products  and  milk.  Hay  and  forage  crops  are 
everywhere  important  productions.  The  northeastern 
counties,  where  agriculture  is  stimulated  by  the  presence 
of  many  large  manufacturing  towns,  have  made  important 
advances  in  thorough  and  profitable  farming.  Near  the 
coast  the  salt  marshes,  hitherto  useful  for  their  coarse  bay 
only,  have  been  diked  in  a  few  instances  and  promise  to 
become  excellent  farming-lands.  The  state  has  not  for 
many  years  raised  food  enough  for  her  own  consumption. 

Manufactures  constitute  by  far  the  most  important  in- 
dustrial interest  of  Massachusetts,  and  her  large  towns  are 
all  busy  seats  of  productive  enterprises  of  this  kind.  Bos- 
ton is  not  only  the  centre  of  the  American  boot-,  shoe-,  and 
leather-  and  wool-trades,  but  she  has  within  herself  a  largo 
and  varied  manufacturing  industry.  Boots  and  shoes  are 
made  extensively  at  Haverhill,  Lynn,  Brockton,  Milford, 
Marlborough,  Holbrook,  Danvers,  Reading,  Hopkinton,  and 
many  other  towns ;  leather  at  Peabody,  Ac. ;  cotton  goods 
at  Fall  River,  Lowell,  Adams,  Lawrence,  Pittsfield,  Chico- 
pee, Holyoke,  Ac;  paper  at  Holyoke,  Lee,  Northampton, 
Ac ;  woollens  at  Lawrence,  Lowell,  Holyoke,  and  else- 
where; iron  and  other  metallic  goods  and  machinery  at 
Worcester,  Taunton,  Fitohburg,  Springfield ;  while  New 
Bedford,  Newburyport,  Salem,  Chelsea,  Andover,  North 
Andover,  Amesbury,  Woburn,  Easton,  Waltham,  Everett, 
Wakefield.    Rockland,    Middleborough,   Townsend,    ^^yer. 


Maynard,  Attleborough,  Grafton,  Clinton,  Spencer,  Leices- 
ter, Turner's  Falls,  Athol,  Gardner,  Miller  s  Falls,  Shel- 
burne  Falls,  Westfield,  Florence,  and  many  other  manu- 
facturing towns  employ  numecous  hands  and  much  capital  in 
a  great  variety  of  industrial  pursuits.  Prominent  among 
these  is  the  manufacture  of  nails,  tacks,  stoves,  glassware, 
linseed  and  fish  oil,  fertilizers,  hats,  clothing,  screws,  wire 
goods,  boxes,  cooperage,  rattan-,  willow-,  and  basket-work, 
chairs  and  other  furniture,  shoe-thread,  sewing-silk  and 
cotton,  jute  and  other  bags  and  bagging,  carpets,  chemicals, 
medicines,  soaps,  musical  instruments,  rum,  refined  sugar, 
cutlery,  fire-arms,  brick,  printed  cloths,  jewelry,  small 
wares,  straw  goods,  shovels,  and  tinware.  The  pork-packing 
business  and  its  accessory  pursuits  are  at  present  largely 
carried  on  in  and  near  Boston.  Ship-building  is  carried 
on  mainly  at  Boston,  Newburyport,  and  Essex. 

Commerce. — In  the  India,  China,  and  African  trade  the 
former  pre-eminence  of  Boston,  Salem,  and  Newburyport 
has  much  declined,  absolutely  as  well  as  relatively,  although 
Boston  retains  a  good  share  of  each.  The  principal  sea- 
ports do  a  large  coasting-business,  both  eastward  and  south- 
ward; and  the  construction  of  railroad  lines  and  grain- 
elevators  has  given  Boston  a  large  export-trade  to  Europe, 
in  addition  to  her  former  extensive  business  in  that  line. 
The  exports  are  largely  grain,  cattle,  flour,  beef,  pork,  and 
other  raw  materials  from  the  West,  with  ice,  granite,  and 
the  manufactured  goods  of  the  state;  the  imports  are  wool, 
hides,  rags,  European  wares,  and  the  raw  productions  of 
tropical  lands,  besides  fish,  fire-wood,  eggs,  gypsum,  pota- 
toes, and  coal  from  the  eastern  provinces  of  Canada.  By 
railroad  and  the  coasting-trade  Massachusetts  imports  the 
products  of  almost  every  state  and  territory  in  the  Union, 
returning  her  own  manufactured  goods.  The  ports  of  entry 
are  Boston,  Barnstable,  Fall  River,  Gloucester,  Marble- 
head,  New  Bedford,  Newburyport,  Plymouth,  and  Salem. 
For  the  year  18S8-S9  the  direct  imports  through  the  state's 
seaports  amounted  to  $65,622,220,  and  the  exports  to 
$70,927,828.  The  ice-trade  and  the  harvesting  and  storage 
of  ice  for  commercial  purposes  form  a  leading  pursuit  in 
the  eastern  part  of  Massachusetts. 

Fisheries. — More  than  half  of  the  fishing-vessels  owned 
in  the  United  States,  with  over  five-eighths  of  the  tonnage, 
are  owned  in  Massachusetts.  Gloucester,  Yarmouth,  and 
Provincetown  are  the  principal  fishing  ports;  but  Newbury- 
port, Marblehead,  Salem,  Beverly,  Boston,  Plymouth,  and 
the  minor  ports  do  considerable  deep-sea  fishing,  bringing 
in  fares  of  cod,  halibut,  mackerel,  herring,  sea-trout,  fish  oil, 
Ac,  from  the  banks  and  coasts  of  Labrador  and  Newfound- 
land, from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  Bays  of  Fundy 
and  Chaleurs.  The  coast-fisheries  are  extensive,  taking 
mainly  cod,  haddock,  hake,  pollock,  mackerel,  blue-fish,  bass, 
porgies,  Ac,  besides  menhaden  and  other  fish  fur  oil  and 
fish  guano.  The  shad-,  alewife-,  and  smelt-fisheries  in  the 
rivers  are  lucrative.  Lobsters,  oysters,  clams,  and  other 
shell-fish  are  taken  along  the  coast.  Nearly  1000  vessels — 
schooners,  sloops,  bark.s,  brigs,  steamers,  and  ships — are 
engaged  in  the  fishing  business,  giving  employment  to 
about  15,000  bauds  of  almost  all  nationalities,  the  majority, 
however,  being  Americans.  The  average  value  of  the  catch 
is  about  $2,000,000.  This  occupation  is  chiefly  carried  on 
from  the  port  of  New  Bedford,  and  after  a  long  decline  has 
lately  assumed  renewed  activity.  Great  attention  has  of 
late  been  given  to  the  stocking  of  the  fresh  waters  of  the 
state  with  trout,  salmon,  shad,  alewives,  black  and  striped 
bass,  and  other  useful  food-fishes,  and  to  the  erection  of 
fish-ways  surmounting  obstructions  in  the  streams. 

The  Counties  are  14  in  number,  to  wit :  Barnstable,  Berk- 
shire, Bristol,  Dukes,  Essex,  Franklin,  Hampden,  Hamp- 
shire, Middlesex,  Nantucket,  Norfolk,  Plymouth,  Suffolk, 
and  Worcester.  The  principal  towns  and  cities  are  Boston, 
the  capital  (pop.  in  1 890,  448,447),  Worcester  (84,655), 
Lowell  (77,696),  Fall  River  (74,398),  Cambridge  (70,028), 
Lynn  (55,727),  Lawrence  (44,654),  Springfield  (44,179), 
New  Bedford  (40,733),  Somerville  (40,152),  Holyoke 
(35,637),  Salem  (30,801),  Chelsea  (27,909),  Haverhill 
(27,412),  Brockton  (27,294),  Taunton  (25,448),  Gloucester 
(24,651),  Newton  (24,379),  Maiden  (23,631),  Fitchburg 
(22,037),  Ac 

Fducation. — The  free  public  school  system  of  Massa- 
chusetts is  almost  coeval  with  her  history,  and  has  long 
been  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  efficient  in  this  country. 
There  is  a  state  board  of  education,  and  all  cities  and  towns 
have  school  committees,  while  in  the  large  villages  and 
cities  there  are,  in  addition,  superintendents  of  schools.  All 
the  towns  of  any  size  have  graded  schools,  including  pri- 
mary, intermediate,  grammar,  and  high  schools,  witJi  regu- 
lar systems  of  promotion.     The  public   expenditures  for 


MAS 


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MAS 


educational  purposes  are  nearly  everywhere  liberal,  espe- 
cially in  the  cities.  Public  kindergarten  instruction  is  given 
at  Boston,  and  there  are  many  private  kindergartens  in  the 
state.  Boston  has  8  public  high  schools,  a  girls'  normiil 
school,  evening  and  other  industrial  schools,  and  a  system 
of  free  instruction  in  free-hand  and  mechanical  drawing. 
The  other  cities  have  very  similar  institutions.  Compulsory 
education  has  long  been  required  by  law,  and  in  some  of 
the  towns  it  is  enforced  by  special  truant-officers.  There 
are  state  normal  schools  at  Salem,  Westfield,  Worcester, 
Bridgewater,  and  Framingham,  and  normal  art  schools  at 
Boston  and  Salem.  There  are  many  excellent  private, 
denominational,  and  parochial  schools  and  academies. 
Harvard  University,  at  Cambridge,  has  in  its  college  proper 
over  80  elective  courses  and  more  than  1200  students,  ex- 
clusive of  those  in  its  professional  schools,  which  include 
two  divinity  schools  (Unitarian  and  Episcopalian)  and 
schools  of  science,  law,  medicine,  dentistry,  mining,  and 
agriculture,  the  latter  (the  Bussey  Institution)  being  to 
some  extent  a  state  institution.  There  is  a  state  agricul- 
tural college  at  Amherst,  which  town  is  also  the  seat  of 
Amherst  College  (Congregational).  At  Williamstown  is 
Williams  College  (Congregational).  The  Roman  Catholics 
have  colleges  at  Worcester  and  Boston.  Worcester  is  also 
the  seat  of  Clark  University.  Tufts  College,  at  Somerville, 
is  under  Universalist  auspices.  The  Boston  University  is 
a  Methodist  institution  ofifering  a  wide  range  of  special 
and  professional  instruction.  Wellesley  College,  at  Wel- 
lesley,  and  Smith  College,  Northampton,  are  designed  for 
ladies.  Theological  training  is  given  in  (denominational) 
institutions  at  Andover  (Congregational),  Newton  Centre 
(Baptist),  Boston  University  (Methodist),  at  Waltham  (New 
Church),  at  Somerville  (Universalist),  and  in  the  two  divin- 
ity schools  at  Cambridge.  There  are  medical  schools  affili- 
ated with  Harvard  and  Boston  Universities,  besides  a  school 
of  pharmacy  and  two  of  dentistry.  The  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology  and  the  Worcester  Free  Institute 
are  important  scientific  schools.  The  Clark  institution  for 
deaf-mutes,  Northampton ;  the  city  school  for  deaf-mutes, 
Boston ;  the  asylum  for  the  blind,  South  Boston ;  the  state 
primary  school  for  pauper  children,  Monson ;  the  Boston 
asylum  for  boys  ;  the  state  reform  schools  at  Westborough 
and  Lancaster ;  the  school  for  imbecile  children,  Fayville  ; 
the  Massachusetts  school  ship,  and  the  farm  school,  Thomp- 
son's Island,  are  a  few  of  the  many  important  educational 
institutions  of  the  state.  Many  towns  and  all  the  cities 
have  valuable  public  libraries. 

Public  and  other  Charities  and  Corrections. — Besides  sev- 
eral of  the  institutions  just  mentioned,  we  may  here  place 
the  insane  asylums  at  Worcester,  Taunton,  Northampton, 
Danvers,  Somerville,  and  Ipswich  (all  but  one  public) ;  the 
state  almshouse,  Tewksbury  ;  the  state  workhouse,  Bridge- 
water;  the  state  prisons,  Boston  and  Concord;  the  more 
than  20  county  and  municipal  jails;  the  very  numerous 
town  and  city  almshouses,  and  the  public  and  private  hos- 
pitals and  orphanages  which  are  found  in  every  place  of 
considerable  population. 

Railroads. — The  first  railroad  in  the  United  States  was 
constructed  in  Massachusetts,  and  in  proportion  to  her 
area  she  ranks  among  the  first  in  miles  of  railroad.  Her 
roads  measure  over  2000  miles  (main  lines  and  feeders), 
crossing  the  state  in  every  direction.  Massachusetts  was 
one  of  the  first  states  to  enter  largely  upon  railroad  con- 
struction. In  1835  she  had  over  100  miles  of  railroad ;  in 
1846,  626  miles;  in  1850,  1035  miles;  in  1855,  1264  miles; 
in  1865,1297  miles;  in  1870,1480  miles;  in  1875,1817 
miles;  in  1880,  1915  miles;  in  1885,  1998  miles;  in  1890, 
2097  miles ;  and  several  new  lines  have  been  chartered. 

i?'ynonces.— The  total  statedebtin  1890  was  $31,381, 158.30, 
an  increase  in  that  year  of  $3,129,870.45,  occasioned  by 
various  loans.  The  actual  debt  January  1,  1891,  was 
$27,511,158.30.  To  offset  this  indebtedness  the  state  holds 
sinking-funds  amounting  to  $21,586,900.37,  and  trust  and 
other  funds  valued  at  $8,701,889.89.  The  increase  value 
of  securities  above  par  is  $1,000,000,  and  it  holds  lands, 
pledged  to  pay  the  debt,  worth  $7,000,000,  thus  making  its 
total  output  $38,270,850.26. 

Government,  etc. — The  constitution  of  the  state  was  adopted 
in  1788,  and  received  important  amendments  in  1820  and 
1857.  The  governor  and  the  principal  executive  officers 
are  chosen  annually,  as  are  the  members  of  the  General 
Court,  as  the  legislature  is  called.  There  is  a  supreme 
court,  besides  superior,  district,  municipal,  police,  justices', 
and  probate  courts.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor, 
and  hold  office  for  life  or  during  good  behavior;  but  the 
legislature  may  remove  any  judge  by  abolishing  the  court 
to  which  he  is  attached. 


History. — The  present  state  of  Massachusetts  may  be 
said  to  embrace  3  colonies :  (1)  that  of  Plymouth,  founded 
in  1620  by  the  Pilgrim  fathers,  Puritan  separatists  from  the 
Church  of  England ;  (2)  that  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  estab- 
lished in  1628-30,  with  its  capital  at  Boston,  its  original 
leaders  being  members  of  the  Puritanical  party  of  the 
Church  of  England,  which  they  desired  U)  re-organize 
without  prelacy,  but  which  they  wished  i.ot  to  abandon. 
These  two  colonies  were  united  in  1692.  (3)  The  island 
counties  were  under  the  separate  governoiship  (1641-95) 
of  the  Mayhew  family,  who  held  from  the  Earl  of  Stirling 
and  later  from  the  Duke  of  York.  They  were  regarded  as 
a  dependency  of  the  New  York  province,  and  were  united 
in  1695  to  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony.  The  early  gov- 
ernment of  that  colony  was  theocratic  or  semi-ecclesiastical, 
and  for  more  than  two  centuries  the  Congregational  church 
had  some  measure  of  recognition  from  the  state,  although 
it  had  latterly  declined  from  its  original  character  as  the 
state  church.  Only  in  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony  proper 
were  there  ever  any  penal  laws  against  heresy. 

Massachusetts  took  a  leading  part  in  the  colonial  wars 
against  the  Indians  and  the  French  of  Acadia  and  Canada, 
in  which  wars  she  8ufi"ered  much.  In  1641  the  province  of 
Maine  became  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  so  remaining  until 
1820.  In  1686  the  royal  charter  was  resumed,  and  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  became  a  crown  province,  so  remaining  until 
the  Revolution.  This  resumption  did  not  contribute  to  the 
prosperity  of  the  province,  nor  did  it  strengthen  the  attach- 
ment of  the  colonists  to  the  mother-country.  Still,  the 
colony  grew  steadily  in  wealth,  population,  and  intelligence. 
Massachusetts  took  a  leading  part  in  the  events  preceding 
the  war  of  independence  (1775-83),  the  first  contests  of  that 
war  taking  place  upon  her  soil.  Daring  the  Revolutionary 
war  her  most  conspicuous  honors  were  those  gained  in  the 
cainpaign  which  ended  with  Burgoyne's  capture.  For 
many  years  the  Federalist  party  had  here  their  strongest 
hold,  and  consequently  the  state  took  no  active  part  in  the 
war  of  1812-15,  although  thousands  of  her  mariners  vol- 
unteered in  the  national  service  and  served  in  the  navy 
with  distinguished  honor.  In  the  war  of  1861-65  the  state 
sent  out  158,380  officers  and  soldiers,  and  incurred  a  war 
debt  exceeding  $50,000,000 ;  and  among  the  Northern  or 
loyal  states  she  was  third  on  the  battle-mortality  list, 
Kansas  and  Vermont  alone  exceeding  her  in  this  respect. 
The  state  has  always  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  re- 
spect to  benevolent,  educational,  and  humanitarian  efforts 
and  reforms. 

Population. — The  original  white  population  of  Massa- 
chusetts was  almost  entirely  of  English  descent,  the  only 
prominent  exceptions  being  a  small  colony  of  Huguenots 
which  settled  in  and  near  Oxford,  one  or  more  of  Germans 
in  the  northeastern  part  of  Worcester  co.,  and  the  later 
Scotch-Irish  Presbyterian  settlement  at  Coleraine.  But 
since  1840  there  have  been  large  immigrations  of  Irish,  of 
Germans  (mainly  in  the  cities),  of  English  mill-operatives, 
and  of  French  Canadians.  The  original  Indian  population 
has  left  but  few  traces,  except  in  the  townships  of  Gay  Head 
and  Mashpee,  whose  inhabitants  are  nominally  Indians,  but 
they  all  are  partially  of  African  or  of  white  descent.  Be- 
fore 1775  the  population  was  estimated  at  250,000;  in  1790 
it  was  378,787 ;  in  1800,  422,845 ;  in  1810, 472,040 ;  in  1820, 
523,287;  in  1830,  610,408;  in  1840,  737,699;  in  1850, 
994,514;  in  1860,1,231,066;  in  1870,  1,467,351;  in  1880, 
1,783,085;  in  1890,  2,238,943,  exhibiting  a  density  of  popu- 
lation to  the  square  mile  which  exceeds  any  reported  for  any 
other  state.  The  state  censuses,  usually  taken  at  the  middle 
of  each  decade,  embody  the  results  of  very  elaborate  and  ex- 
haustive series  of  inquiries,  whose  answers  furnish  valuable 
information  regarding  nearly  all  the  interesting  points  in 
the  industrial,  financial,  and  social  activities  of  the  neople. 

Massaciuccoli,  mis-si-chook'ko-le,  a  small  laKe  and 
village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of  Lucca.  The  lake,  2i  miles 
in  length,  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Montero. 

Mas'sack,  a  post-office  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky. 

Massacre  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Maoona. 

Massa  di  Carrara,  mis'si  dee  kaa-Ri'rl,  formerly 
Massa  Ducale,  mis'si  doo-ki'li,  an  episcopal  city  of 
Northern  Itely,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pisa,  near  the 
Frigido,  2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  18,031.  Chief  edifices,  a  fine  palace,  a  modern  cathe- 
dral, and  an  old  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  and 
trade  in  the  fine  marble  of  its  vicinity.  It  was  the  capital 
of  the  former  duchy  of  Massa-Carrara,  a  state  composed  of 
the  duchy  of  Massa  and  the  principality  of  Carrara.  Thi» 
small  state  was  reunited  to  Modena  in  1829. 

Massa  e  Carrara,  mis'si  i  kaR-ui'ri,  a  province  of 
Italy,  forming  the  N.W.  part  of  Tuscany,  having  the  mai» 


MAS 


1784 


MAS 


ridge  of  the  Apennines  on  the  N,B.,  and  the  sea,  to  some 
extent,  on  the  S.W.  It  is  mountainous,  but  productive  of 
wine,  silk,  olives,  and  fine  marble.  Area,  680  square  miles. 
Chief  towns,  Carrara  and  Massa  di  Carrara.  Pop.  161,944. 
Massafra,  m4s-s4'fri,a  walled  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Lecce,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  9719. 

Massa-Lombardo,  mis'si-lom-baR'do,  a  walled  town 
of  Italy,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ferrara.     Pop.  5488. 

Massalsk,  mis-s&lsk',  or  Mosalsk,  mo-silsk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  50  miles  W.  of  Kalooga,  on  the 
Mosalka,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Gorodenka.  Pop.  2139. 
Massa -Lubrenze,  mfl,s'si-loo-br8n'zi,  or  Massa 
de  Sorrento,  mis'sS,  dk  soR-RSn'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province,  on  the  Gulf,  and  19  miles  S.  of  Naples.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  8296. 

Massa  Maritima,  mis'si  m4-ree'te-m4,  or  Massa 
di  Maremma,  mls'si  dee  mi-r5m'm4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Grosseto,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Siena.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  13,052. 

Massamartana,  mis*s4-mir-ti'n4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Umbria,  12  miles  W.  of  Spoleto.     Pop.  4328. 

Mas^sanet'ta  (or  Taylor)  Springs,  Rockingham 
30.,  Va.,  near  the  base  of  Massanetta  Mountain,  4  miles 
from  Harrisonburg.  The  medicinal  virtues  of  these  springs 
are  highly  commended.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Mas^sanut'teu,  a  post-oflSce  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Massanutten  Mountain  and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenan- 
doah River,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton. 

Massao,  a  town  of  South  Africa.     See  Mashow. 

Massapeag,  mas^sa-pfig',  a  station  in  New  London  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  New  London. 

Massara,  the  ancient  name  of  Mazzara. 

Mas^sard',  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark. 

Massaroony,  m4s-s4-roo'nee,  or  Mazarnni,  m&-z4- 
roo'nee,  a  river  of  British  Guiana,  which  has  been  explored 
upwards  for  about  400  miles,  though  its  navigation  is  inter- 
rupted by  numerous  rapids.  It  flows  from  near  lat.  4°  30' 
N.  and  Ion.  60°  W.,  and  joins  the  estuary  of  the  Essequibo. 

Massarosa,  m4s^84-r6's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  9200. 

Massa- Superiors,  m4s'sa-soo-pi-re-o'r4,  a  village 
of  Italy,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     P.  3792. 

Massat,  m4s^s4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari^ge,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  1179. 

Massawippi,  mis'si-wip'pee,  or  To'mefo'bi,  a 
beautiful  lake  in  the  co.  of  Stanstead,  Quebec,  about  9  miles 
long  by  3  wide.  Its  depth  in  many  places  is  from  60  to  90 
feet.  Its  shores  are  richly  wooded  and  indented  with  bays, 
and  it  abounds  in  fish  of  many  kinds, — "  black  salmon," 
lake  trout,  pike,  sturgeon,  maskinonge,  &o.  The  surround- 
ing scenery  is  very  fine.  This  lake  has  its  outlet  in  the 
river  St.  Francis  by  the  Massawippi  River,  which  falls  into 
the  St.  Francis  at  Lennoxville. 

Massawippi,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  Massawippi  Lake,  and  on  the  Massawippi  Valley  Rail- 
way, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sherbrooke.  It  contains  4  stores, 
grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Massay,  m4s^s4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1320. 

Massbach,  m&ss'b&s,  or  Masbach,  m&s'b4K,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Miinnerstadt.     Pop.  1231. 

Masse,  mis'si,  or  Mazze,  mkt'zk,  a  village  of  Italy, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  3300. 

Masse  di  Siena,  m4s's4  dee  se-4'n4,  or  Masse  di 
Citt^,  mis'si  dee  ch6t-ti',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Siena.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,258. 

Ma8senien-Westrem,m48's9h-m9n-^ds'trSm,  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Molenbeek,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2000. 

Mas^se'na,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  184. 

Massena,  a  post-village  in  Massena  township,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here 
affords  extensive  water-power.  It  contains  several  churches, 
2  flour-mills,  and  a  union  school.  Pop.  483.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Grass  and  Racket  Rivers.  It  contains 
Massena  Centre  and  Massena  Springs.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 2709. 

Massena  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Massena  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River,  about  30  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Malone. 

Massena  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Massena  township,  on  Racket  River,  1  mile 
from  Massena  village,  and  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ogdens- 
burg.    It  has  5  hotels  and  several  boarding-houses. 


Massera,  mis's^h-ri,  Mazira,  or  Mazura,  m&z'f  r-l, 
an  island  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  in  the  Arabian  Sea. 
Lat.  20°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  E.  Length,  40  miles;  average 
breadth,  15  miles. 

Masserano,  mis-si-ri'no,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  of  commune,  3426. 

Massenbe,  mis^snb',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Marmande,  on  the  Gers.     Pop.  1804. 

Massevaux,  missVo'  (Ger.  Masmtinater,  m&8'miin> 
st?r),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  11  miles  N.N.E.  A 
Belfort.     Pop.,  without  Huppach,  2784, 

Mas'sey,  a  station  in  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Clinton  <fc  Dubuque  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Dubuque, 
near  King  Post-Office. 

Massey's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Queen  Anne  & 
Kent  Railroad  and  with  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  Railroad, 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chestertown,  and  39  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  75. 

Mas'seysburg,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  in 
Barre  township,  10  miles  from  Petersburg. 

Mas'sey's  Creek,  of  Greene  co.,  0,,  flows  into  the 
Little  Miami  River. 

Massiac,  mis^se-ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Saint-Flour,  on  the  Alagon.     Pop.  2256. 

Massico,  mis'se-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta.  The  wine  from  the  vineyards  on  the  S.  slope  of  the 
Mons  Ma»'aicu»,  in  this  vicinity,  was  famous  in  Roman 
times.  In  the  vicinity  Appius  Claudius  gained  a  victory 
over  the  Samnites. 

Massie,  mas'se,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1270.     It  contains  Harveysburg. 

Massie's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 

Massieville,  a  village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Scioto  town 
ship,  5  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  3  churches  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  119.     Here  is  Waller  Post-Office. 

Massiglia,  the  Italian  name  of  Marseilles. 

Mass'illon,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  DL  Pop.  781. 
It  is  called  also  New  Massillon. 

Massillon,  or  Massiton,  a  hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
in  Madison  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  church. 

Massillon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Massillon  township.  Cedar 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Davenport 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It 
has  an  elevator  and  3  stores.  Pop.  about  75 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 826. 

Massillon,  a  handsome  city  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  8  miles  W.  of 
Canton,  66  miles  8.  by  E.  of  Cleveland,  and  25  miles  E.  of 
Wooster.  It  is  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Company's  lines  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railway.  Massillon  contains 
11  churches,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school, 
several  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  a  rolling-mill,  a 
paper-mill,  2  glass-factories,  agricultural-works,  pressed- 
brick-works,  paving-brick-works,  several  flouring-mills, 
sandstone  quarries,  manufactures  of  iron  bridges,  sash, 
blinds,  &c.,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  Coal  is  mined  near 
this  town,  and  large  quantities  of  wheat,  maize,  butter,  and 
wool  are  shipped  here.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Rotch  Charity 
School,  an  endowed  institution,  and  the  Eastern  Ohio  Statn 
Hospital  for  the  Insane.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,092. 

Massingy,  mis^siw^zhee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
3  miles  from  Rumilly.     Pop.  1075. 

Massow,  mis'sov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  22 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2671. 

Massowah,  m4s'so-w4,  or  Massouah,  m&8'soo-&,  a 
seaport  town  of  Egypt,  on  a  small  sterile  island  in  the  Red 
Sea.  Lat.  15°  36' N. ;  Ion.  39°  21' E.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
and  an  active  import  trade  with  the  Arabian  ports,  Bom- 
bay, and  Suez  is  here  carried  on.  Caravans  start  hence  for 
Abyssinia,  for  which  it  is  the  chief  port.  Chief  imports, 
corn,  maize,  rice,  cotton  stuffs,  silks,  muslins,  cotton,  wool, 
glasswares,  cutlery,  arms,  hardwares,  spices,  coral,  wines, 
and  spirits.  Pop.  2350.  It  is  one  of  the  hottest  places  in 
the  world. 

Masta,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Msta. 

Mas'tersonrille,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Mastersville,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Conotten. 

Mas'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex., 
18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Masterton,  Monroe  co.,  0.    See  Lebanon. 

Mast  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  oa  th« 


MAS 


1785 


MAT 


Delaware  Rirer,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Pine  Qrore 
Station,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  about  150. 

Mastin's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Lavbndeb. 

Mastre,  La,  France.    See  La  Mastre. 

Mastricht,  Netherlands.     See  Maestricht. 

Mastuch,  m&sHootch',  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  capital 
of  Chitral.  Lat.  36°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  31'  B.  It  has  some 
trade  with  Tarkand  and  Afghanistan. 

Alastura,  mis-too'r4  or  mis'too-ra,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
Hejaz,  near  the  Red  Sea,  140  miles  S.S.W.  of  Medina. 

Mast  Yard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Contoocook  River,  and  on  the  Concord  <fc  Claremont 
Railroad.     It  is  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  city  of  Concord. 

Masulipatam,  mi-8ooM§-pa-tfl,m',  a  town  of  British 
India,  the  capital  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Cor- 
omandel  coast,  is  220  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madras.  The  fort 
is  surrounded  by  a  salt  morass,  communicating  by  a  canal 
with  the  Kistnah  and  the  sea.  The  town,  li  miles  N.W., 
is  large,  and  has  long  been  famous  for  its  chintz-manufac- 
tures. Its  trade  has  latterly  declined,  but  it  still  exports 
goods.  Its  port,  which  is  on  the  only  part  of  this  coast  not 
surf-beaten,  is  accessible  for  vessels  of  300  tons.     P.  30,000. 

Masulipatam,  a  district  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  having  .E.  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Area,  4711 
square  miles.     Capital,  Masulipatam.     Pop.  520,866. 

Masnilas,  m&s-sool'l&s,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, province  of  Busachi.     Pop.  1001. 

Mata,  mS,'t&,  a  lake  of  Brazil,  state  and  170  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Maranhao,  and  giving  origin  to  the  river  Codo. 
Length,  about  20  miles. 

Mata,  a  river  of  Africa,  enters  the  Channel  of  Mozam- 
bique midway  between  the  rivers  Sofala  and  Sena. 

Mata,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  La  Mata. 

Mat^acong',  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  and 
1  mile  from  the  mainland  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  9°  10'  N. 
It  is  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  has  a  port  and  ware- 
houses.    It  belongs  to  Great  Britain.     Pop.  300. 

Matagor'da,  a  southeastern  county  of  Texas,  border- 
ing on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  1150 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Matagorda  Bay, 
and  intersected  by  the  Colorado  River,  which  runs  from  N. 
to  S.  and  empties  into  the  above-named  bay.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  alluvial,  and  produces  pasture  for  cattle,  which  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Matagorda.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3377;  in  1880,  3940;  in  1890,  3985. 

Matagorda,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Matagorda  co., 
Tex.,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Colorado  River,  and  90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gal- 
veston. It  is  supported  mainly  by  trade  and  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  river.     Pop.  about  500. 

Matagorda  Bay,  Texas,  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Col- 
orado River,  and  is  separated  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by 
a  long,  narrow  peninsula  or  island.  This  bay  is  more  than 
50  miles  long,  including  the  W.  part,  called  Lavaca  Bay. 

Matagorda  Island,  a  long  coast-island  of  Calhoun  co., 
Tex.,  dividing  Espiritu  Santo  Bay  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
At  its  N.N.E.  point  is  a  light-house  on  Pass  Cavallo,  a  chan- 
nel which  separates  it  from  Matagorda  Peninsula,  a  low 
spit  of  sand  subject  in  some  places  to  occasional  overflow 
and  dividing  Matagorda  Bay  from  the  waters  of  the  Gulf. 
The  S.  end  of  Matagorda  Island  closely  approaches  Mus- 
tang Island,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Cedar  Bayou. 

Mata'Ie,  Metel'la,  or  Fort  McDow'all,  a  town 
of  Ceylon,  15  miles  N.  of  Kandy.  Pop.  3529.  Pop.  of 
Matale  district,  71,685. 

Matam,  mi-tim',  a  village  of  Senegambia,  Foota- 
Damga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  5'  W, 

Mat^amo'ras,  or  Mat^amo'ros,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  40 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  opposite  Brownsville,  Tex. 
Exports  consist  chiefly  of  specie,  with  some  hides,  wool, 
and  horses ;  imports,  manufactured  goods,  chiefly  from 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States.  It  is  not  accessible 
for  large  ships,  but  in  good  weather  vessels  of  some  size 
pass  the  bar  and  come  up  to  the  town.  The  town  is  well 
built.  After  the  victories  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la 
Palma,  the  American  army  entered  and  took  possession  of 
Matamoras  without  opposition.     Pop.  20,000. 

Matamo'ras,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  in 
Grandview  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  25  miles  by 
land  E.N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  manu- 
factories of  oil-barrels.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  great  to- 
bacco-region of  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1880,631;  in  1890,590. 
The  name  of  its  post-ofl5ce  is  New  Matamoras. 

118 


Matamoras,  a  village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  2  milei 
from  Halifax,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  143.     Here  is  Powl's  Valley  Post-Office. 

Matamoras,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  "River,  opposite  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.,  and  8  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Milford.     Pop.  about  500. 

Matamoras  Izncar,  Mexico.    See  Izucar. 

Matan,  m&-t&n',  a  native  state  on  the  island  of  Borneo, 
on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Carimata  Strait.  It  yields  the 
best  diamonds  in  Borneo ;  also  iron,  tin,  and  sago. 

Matan,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Mactan. 

Matane,  mi^t4n',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  oo.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Matane  River,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Metis.  It  contain* 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  6  stores.  The  Matane  River 
abounds  with  salmon  and  trout.     Pop.  300. 

Matanza,  La,  Canaries.    See  La  Matanza. 

Matanzas,  m&-tan'zas  or  m&-t&n'thfi.s,  a  fortified  sea- 
port town  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  52  milet 
E.  of  Havana.  Lat.  23°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  40'  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  a  flat  on  both  sides  of  the  San  Juan,  which  brings 
down  large  quantities  of  mud,  materially  impeding  naviga- 
tion. The  nouses  are  built  very  substantially,  mostly  of 
stone,  but  with  an  entire  absence  of  any  architectural 
beauty.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  castle  of  San  Seve- 
rino,  the  church,  the  academy,  the  hospital,  a  theatre,  and 
extensive  barracks.  In  commercial  importance  Matanzas 
ranks  next  to  Havana.  Its  facilities  for  trade  have  been 
greatly  increased  by  the  construction  of  railways  connect- 
ing it  with  Havana,  Cardenas,  and  other  principal  towns 
in  the  island.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  articles  of 
food,  machinery,  and  materials  for  sugar-  and  coffee-plan- 
tations ;  fancy  goods  are  brought  principally  from  Havana. 
Among  the  exports  are  sugar,  coffee,  molasses,  tobacco, 
honey,  wax,  and  fruits.  The  bay  is  spacious,  easy  of  access, 
and  completely  sheltered  from  winds,  except  those  from  the 
N.E.,  which  bring  in  a  heavy  swell.     Pop.  36,102. 

Matanzas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Little  Caney  River,  22  miles  W.  of  Independence.  It 
has  a  saw-mill. 

Matapan,  Cape,  Greece.    See  Cape  Matapan. 

Matapas,  mi-ti'p&s,  a  market-town  of  the  republic  of 
Guatemala,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala. 

Matapediac,  m&t^&-pe-de-&k',  a  lake  of  Qnebec,  about 
21  miles  S.  of  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Length, 
about  16  miles;  greatest  breadth,  3  miles.  Its  shores  are 
high  and  bold  and  covered  with  good  timber,  and  the  cen- 
tre is  diversified  by  a  cluster  of  islands. 

Matapediac,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Qne- 
bec, at  the  confluence  of  the  Matapediac  and  Restigoucha 
Rivers,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  95  miles  S.E.  of  Ste. 
Flavie.  It  is  much  frequented  by  sportsmen  for  its  sal- 
mon-fishing.    Pop.  150. 

Matapediac  (or  Musical)  River,  one  of  the  chief 
tributaries  of  the  Restigouche,  takes  its  rise  in  the  above 
lake,  and,  running  S.S.E.,  enters  the  Restigouche  9  miles 
above  Campbellton. 

Matapozuelos,  m&-t&-po-thw4'loce,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Leon,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1346. 

Matarah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Mottra. 

Mat^aram',  a  town  of  the  East  Indies,  capital  of  the 
island  of  Lombok,  near  its  W.  coast,  4  miles  from  Ampa- 
nam,  its  port.  It  has  wide  streets,  and  palaces  for  the 
rajah  and  other  chiefs. 

Mataram,  a  city  of  Java.    See  Djokjokarta. 

Matareeyeh,  or  Matariyeh,  mi-ti-ree'y^h,  often 
written  Mataria  (ano.  Heliop'olia,  i.e.,  the  "  city  of  the 
sun"),  a  village  of  Lower  Egypt,  in  a  beautiful  district,  6 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  Lat.  30°  48'  N.;  Ion.  31°  68'  E. 
It  very  early  acquired,  and  long  continued  to  possess,  great 
celebrity  from  its  temple  of  the  sun,  which  was  a  very  mag- 
nificent structure.  It  was  for  ages  the  chief  seat  of  Egyp- 
tian learning,  but  is  now  a  very  insignificant  place. 

Matareeyeh,  or  Matarieh,  m&-t&-ree'y9h,  a  village 
of  Lower  Egypt,  province  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Damietta, 
on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Menzaleb.     Pop.  3000. 

Matarello,  m&-t&-rdrio,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  6 
miles  from  Trent.     Pop.  2095. 

Mataro,  m&-t&-ro'  (ano.  lUurot),  a  maritime  city  of 
Spain,  15i  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  15,860. 
It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a 
new  town,  the  latter  having  2  fine  squares.  It  has  a  large 
parish  church,  a  hospital,  college,  and  school  of  navigation, 
manufactures  of  leather,  spirits,  glass,  hardware,  cotton, 
silks,  velvets,  and  ribbons,  and  docks  in  which  ship-building 
is  carried  on. 

Matarnna,  m&-t&-roo'n&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 


MAT 


17S6 


MAT 


and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Ararauma,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge.     Pop,  3200. 

Matatal's  (mi-ti-tils')  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Col- 
chester CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  French  River,  9  miles  from 
Wentworth.  It  has  2  churches,  9  stores,  9  saw-mills,  and 
4  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Mataviafia,  ma-t4-ve-4n'y4,  a  river  of  Spain,  falls 
into  the  Ebro  in  the  province  of  Teruel.  Total  course,  about 
60  miles. 

MataAvamkeag,  Maine.    See  Mattawamkeag. 

Matawan,  mat-a-w6n',  a  post- village  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  in  Matawan  township,  on  the  Freehold  &  New  York 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Central  Railroad  (New  York 
'  &  Long  Branch  division),  2  miles  S.W.  of  Keyport,  and  29 
miles  S.S.W.  of  New  York.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  the  Glenwood  Institute,  a  public  hall,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  carriages,  and  sash.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  3183. 

Matawan,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    See  Mattawan. 

Matawan,  a  river  of  Ontario.     See  Mattawa. 

Match^apo'nix  Brook,  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  and  falls  into  the  South  River  in  Middlesex  co., 
near  Spottswood. 

Matchikha,  m&-chee'K&,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cos- 
Back  country,  75  miles  E.N.E,  of  Novo-Khopersk.    P.  2200. 

Matchin,  m&t^cheen',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Hirsova.     It  has  2  forts. 

Mate  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Matelica,  mi-tel'e-k&,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macerata.  Pop.  7298.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  has  several  churches  and  convents,  and 
is  the  seat  of  active  manufactures. 

Matera,  m4-ti'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  43 
miles  E,  pf  Potenza,  on  the  Gravina.  Pop.  14,312.  It  is  a 
place  of  great  antiquity,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  professional 
schools. 

Mate-Szalka,  mi'ti^-sirkSh^  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Szathmar,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Nyir-Bathor.     Pop.  3741. 

Mat'field,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  fertilizers 
and  shoes. 

Matfield  Green,  a  post-village  of  Chase  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia. 

Matha,  mS,Hi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-In- 
fSrieure,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Jean-d'Ang61y. 

Ma-Theoo-Shan,  or  Ma-Theou-Chan,  mi-ti- 
oo'-shin,  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Yun-Nan.  Lat. 
26°  N. ;  Ion.  102°  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Math'er's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Math'erton,  a  post-village  in  North  Plains  township, 
Ionia  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Maple  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Pewamo 
Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  250. 

Math'ews,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Matliews,  a  station  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  Vincennes  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  India- 
napolis. 

Math'ewson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Labette  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  &  Colorado  Railroad,  11 
miles  E.  of  Parsons. 

Mathi'as  Point,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  about  30  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Mathura,  a  town  of  India.     See  Muttra. 

Matia,  m&-tee'd,,  or  Mitia,  called  also  Aurora,  one 
of  the  Society  Islands.     Lat.  50°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  6'  W. 

Matiacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Marburg. 

Matiares,  a  lake  of  Nicaragua.     See  Leon. 

Matignon,  miHeen^yftuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes- 
du-Nord,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  1369. 

Matilda,  Ontario.    See  Iroquois. 

Matil'daville,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  4  miles  from  Parker. 

Matina,  mi-tee'n4,  the  principal  river  of  Costa  Rica, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Chirripo  and  Barbilla,  flows  E., 
and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  near  Limon.  Upon  it  is  the 
Tillage  of  Matina,  10  miles  by  rail  from  Limon. 

Matin 'icus,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  Matin- 
ions  Plantation,  which  consists  of  small  islands  in  the 
ocean,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rockland.  Pop,  of  the 
plantation,  277 ;  of  Matinious  Island,  250. 

Matinicns  Rock,  an  islet  a  few  miles  S.  of  Matinicus 


Island,  has  2  stone  light-houses,  in  lat.  43°  47'  N.,  Ion. 
68°  50'  58"  W.     It  has  also  a  steam-whistle  and  fog-bell. 

Matisco,  the  ancient  name  of  M.icox. 

Matiam,  a  city  of  Crete.     See  Candia. 

Mat] a,  a  town  of  India.     See  Canning. 

Matlatzingo,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  Charo. 

Mat'lin,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  'ferrace. 

Mat'lock,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  oo. 
and  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Derby,  is  neatly  built  on 
the  slope  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  narrow  and  singularly 
picturesque  vale  of  the  Derwent.  It  has  an  ancient  church, 
numerous  good  hotels  and  lodging-houses,  a  library,  min- 
eralogical  museums,  and  handsome  baths  and  pump-rooms, 
connected  with  hot  springs.  In  the  vicinity  are  several 
petrifying  wells,  lead-mines,  caverns,  and  the  picturesque 
woods  of  Matlock  Dale.     Pop.  (1891)  5285. 

Mat'lock,  a  post-office  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga. 

Matlock  Bath,  a  town  and  bathing-place  of  England, 
CO,  of  Derby,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Matlock.     Pop.  1386. 

Mato'aca,  a  post-village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton - 
factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Mato'ax,  or  Matto'ax,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Amelia  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  27 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Mato-Grosso,  Brazil.    See  Matto-Grosso. 

Matookoo,  or  Matukn,  m&-too^koo',  written  also 
Motougon,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  in  the  South  Pa- 
cific Ocean.     Lat,  19°  14'  S, ;  Ion,  179°  44'  W. 

Matotshkin  (m&-totch-keen')  Shar,  a  strait  of  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  extends  E.  and  W.  for  45  miles  by  3  miles  in 
breadth,  and  divides  Nova  Zembla  into  two  unequal  parts, 
Lat.  73°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  to  60°  E. 

Matonchin,  New  Jersey.    See  Mbtucbbn. 

Matour,  m&^tooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  S4one-et-Loire, 
16  miles  W.  of  Mftcon.    Pop.  476. 

Matra,  m&'tr5h\  a  mountain-range  of  Hungary,  branch 
of  the  Carpathians,  extending  between  the  Theiss  and  the 
Danube  for  36  miles;  culminating  point  3500  feet  high. 

Matrona,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Marnr. 

Matsmai,  m&ts^mi',  or  MatsumaS,  m&t-Boo-m&'4,  a 
city  of  Japan,  capital  of  the  island  of  Yesso,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  river  on  its  S.  coast,  lat.  41°  32'  N.,  Ion.  140°  E.  Pop. 
estimated  at  50,000.  It  extends  along  the  margin  of  an 
open  bay,  facing  which  is  an  island  with  a  beacon,  shelter- 
ing a  harbor  capable  of  receiving  the  largest  ships. 

Matsmai,  Strait  of,  Japan.    See  Ybsso. 

Mattamiis'keet  Lake,  North  Carolina,  is  in  Hyde 
CO.,  near  the  coast.     It  communicates  with  Pamlico  Sound. 

MatUapan',  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  Post-Offioe,  on  the  New  York  &  New 
England  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  initial  station,  and 
at  a  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad. 

MatUapoi'sett,  a  post-village  in  Mattapoisett  town- 
ship, Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  7  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
New  Bedford.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  fisheries.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  macnine-shop,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1148. 

Mattapony,  mat^ta-po-ni',  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  in 
Spottsylvania  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Caroline  co., 
and  unites  with  the  Pamunkey  at  West  Point  to  form  the 
York  River.  It  is  nearly  125  miles  long.  It  is  formed  by 
4  main  head-streams,  the  Mat,  the  Ta,  the  Po,  and  the  Ny. 

Mattapony,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Mat'tawa,  or  Mat'awan,  a  river  of  Ontario,  takes 
its  rise  in  Trout  Lake,  runs  in  a  W.  direction  to  the  line 
dividing  the  watershed  of  the  Ottawa  and  the  St.  Law- 
rence on  the  border  of  Lake  Nipissing,  and  enters  the 
Ottawa  308  miles  from  Montreal.  Length,  44i  miles.  A 
sandy  ridge  only  J  of  a  mile  long  separates  its  bead-waters 
from  La  Riviere  de  Vase,  a  small  rapid  stream,  6  miles  long, 
running  into  Lake  Nipissing. 

Mattawa,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Nipissing, 
Ontario,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mattawa  with  the  Ottawa, 
100  miles  above  Pembroke,  It  is  a  post  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  and  a  depot  of  supplies  for  lumbermen.  It 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  saw -mill. 

MatUawam'keag,  a  small  river  of  Maine,  rises  by 
two  branches  in  Aroostook  co.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  the 
Penobscot  River  in  Penobscot  co.,  at  Mattawamkeag, 

Mattawamkeag,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Mattawamkeag.  It  is  on  the  European 
&  North  American  Railroad,  58  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor-, 
Here  are  some  railroad  shops.     Pop,  of  township,  35C. 


MAT 


1787 


MAU 


MatHawan'y  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  oo,,  Mich., 
in  AntweiTQ  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  128  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Mattawan,  New  Jersey.    See  Mat  a  wan. 

Mattawan'na,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bratton  township, 
Mifflin  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  McVey- 
town  Station,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  a 
broom-factory.    See  also  Shank's  Run. 

MatUawo'man,  a  post-office  of  Charles  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  X.  by  E.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

MatHeawan',  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Pishkill  township,  on  Fishkill  Creek,  about  1  mile  E.  of 
the  Hudson  River,  3  miles  E.  of  Newburg,  and  60  miles  N. 
of  New  York.  It  is  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad, 
and  very  near  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  has  abun- 
dant water-power,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  hats,  files, 
bricks,  maoninery,  &o.;  also  a  newspaper  office,  and  5 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  4411 ;  in  1890,  4278. 

Matterhorn,  the  German  name  of  Mont  Cervin. 

Mattersdorf,  mit't^rs-doRr  (Hun.  Nagy-Martony, 
n6dj  maRHofi'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  4854. 

Mat'teson,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Matteson,  or  Mattison,  a  post-township  of  Branch 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Coldwater,  is  drained  by 
the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Air-Line  di- 
vision of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 

Matteson,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.    Pop.  372. 

Matthews )  math'uz,  a  small  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Virginia,  is  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Pianka- 
tank  River,  on  the  E,  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Mobjack  Bay.  The  surface  is  level.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  com  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  an  area  of  100  square  miles.  Capital,  Matthews  Court- 
House.     Pop.  in  1870,  6200  ;  in  1880,  7501 ;  in  1890,  7458. 

Matthews,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga. 

Matthews,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  873. 

Matthews,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Matthews  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Matthews  co.,  Va.,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Norfolk,  and  2 
miles  from  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy.  The  Norfolk  steamers  come  to  a  wharf  which  is 
2^  miles  from  this  place. 

Matthews  Run,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

Matthew's  Summit,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Henrietta  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Henrietta. 

Matthias,  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Prince  William  Henry. 

Mattiacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Marburg. 

Mattie,  mitt'yi  or  mitHee',  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin.     Pop.  of  commune,  2241. 

Mat'tie,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mat'tison,  or  Mat'teson,  a  post-village  in  Rich 
township.  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Joliet  division  of  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  323. 

Mattison,  Branch  co.,  Mich.    See  Matteson. 

Mat'tituck,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Southold  township,  on  Great  Peconic  Bay,  on  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  and  on  Mattituck  Creek,  84  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Brooklyn,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mattoax,  Amelia  co.,  Va.    See  Matoax. 

Matto-Grosso,  m&t'to-gros'so,  or  Mato-Grosso 
("great  or  dense  forest")>  an  extensive  state  of  Brazil, 
bordering  on  Bolivia.  Area,  532,708  square  miles.  It  has 
on  the  E.  the  river  Aragua,  and  on  the  W.  the  Madeira 
and  Guapure,  and  is  in  part  drained  by  Che  Tapajos.  It  is 
traversed  by  several  low  mountain-chains,  but  is  in  great 
part  a  plain,  portions  of  which  are  open,  but  large  areas 
are  densely  wooded.  The  province  is  rich  in  minerals. 
There  is  scarcely  a  district  in  which  gold  is  not  found,  and 
iron  is  abundant.  Rock  salt  and  saltpetre  are  worked  to  a 
limited  extent.  Over  an  extensive  region  near  the  centre 
diamond-mines  have  been  wrought  from  a  very  remote 
period,  and  still  continue  to  yield  a  revenue.  Capital,  Cu- 
yab^.     Estimated  pop.  in  1888,  79,750. 

Matto-Grosso,  or  Villa  Bella,  veel'Ii  bSl'I&,  a  city 
of  Brazil,  in  the  above  state,  on  a  height  above  the  right 
bank  of  the  Guapore,  below  the  confluence  of  the  Alegre,  300 
miles  W.  of  Cuyabfi.  The  houses  are  low,  constructed  of 
earth  and  wood,  and  covered  with  tiles,  and,  being  white- 


washed both  within  and  without,  have  a  cheerful  and  com- 
fortable appearance.  It  has  3  churches,  a  town  house, 
a  smelting-nouse,  a  hospital,  barracks,  and  an  arsenal,  also 
a  Latin  and  2  primary  schools.  Its  only  trade  is  in  horsea 
and  cattle. 

Mattol,  m&tHol',  a  river  of  Southeast  Africa,  rises  in 
a  salt-water  marsh  in  the  interior,  and  falls  into  Delagoa 
Bay. 

Mattole,  mat-tSl',  a  small  river  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  about  14 
miles  S.  of  Cape  Mendocino.    Its  valley  is  ferttle. 

MatUoon',  a  city  of  Coles  co.,  III.,  in  a  township  of 
the  same  name,  is  situated  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
(Chicago  division)  where  it  crosses  the  St.  Louis  division 
of  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &,  St.  Louis  Railway, 
and  on  the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railway,  172 
miles  S.  of  Chicago,  128  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Peoria.  Mattoon  is  at  the  centre  of  the 
great  broom-corn  belt  of  central  Illinois.  It  contains  12 
churches,  2  national  banks,  1  state  bank,  a  high  school 
and  several  grammar  schools,  and  extensive  railway  repair- 
shops.  One  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  of  the  city  in  1890,  6833 ;  in  1894,  9826. 

Mattrah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Muttra. 

Matts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind. 

Matuku,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.     See  Matookoo. 

Matum'ma,  or  Metem'ma,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the 
Nile,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khartoom.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  scarfs. 

Matara,  m&'too-ri,  or  Matara,  m&'ti-r&,  a  town  and 
port  of  Ceylon,  capital  of  Matura  district,  on  its  S.  coast, 
26  miles  E.  of  Galle.  Pop.  of  town,  18,636 ;  of  district, 
143,496. 

Maturatta,  m&-too-r&t't&,  a  maritime  town  and  port 
of  Ceylon,  S.E.  of  Kandy. 

Maturin,  mi-too-reen',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Bermudez,  on  a  river  which  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 
Lat.  9°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  50'  W.     Pop.  12,944. 

Maturin,  a  former  state  of  Venezuela,  in  the  E.,  ex- 
tending from  the  Orinoco  northward  to  the  Gulf  of  Core. 
It  is  now  included  in  the  state  of  Bermudez. 

Mat'Tille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Raleigh  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Matzdorf,  m&ts'doRf,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips, 
on  the  Poprad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kesmark.     Pop.  1014. 

Mau^,  or  Porto  de  Mana,  poR'to  d&  mdw-&',  a  town 
of  Brazil,  at  the  N.  end  of  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro,  12  miles 
by  steam  ferry  N.  of  the  capital.  A  railway  extends  hence 
to  Petropolis. 

Mauoan,  mSw-bin',  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine 
Islands,  on  its  E.  coast,  S.E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  5000. 

Maubert-Fontaine,  m5*baiR'-f6N«'t4n',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ardennes,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Rocroy.     Pop.  1479. 

Manbeuge,  mo^buzh'  (L.  Malbodium),  a  fortified  town 
of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the  Sambre,  11  miles  N.  of  Avesnea. 
Pop.  5110.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  national  factory 
of  fire-arms,  iron-foundries,  and  manufactures  of  steel 
goods,  hardware,  paper,  sugar,  Ac. 

Maubourguet,  m5'booR^gi'  (L.  Malburgetum),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Hautes-Pyr6n6e8,  on  the  Adour,  16  miles  N. 
of  Tarbes.     Excellent  wine  is  made  here.     Pop.  3570. 

Maubray,  mo^bri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
24  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1750. 

Manch  Chunk,  mawk-chflnk',  a  post-village  of  Ma- 
haska CO.,  Iowa,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Manch  Chunk,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Carbon  co.. 
Pa.,  is  in  Mauch  Chunk  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Lehigh  River,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown,  and  89  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road and  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  is  also 
connected  with  Tamaqua  by  the  Tamaqua  Branch  Railroad. 
It  is  picturesquely  situated  in  a  narrow  valley  or  ravine 
between  steep  hills  which  rise  about  1500  feet  above  the 
tide-water  and  contain  rich  deposits  of  anthracite  coal. 
The  names  of  these  hills  are  M!bunt  Pisgah,  Bear  Moun- 
tain, and  Mauch  Chunk  Mountain.  Here  is  a  bed  of  coal 
50  feet  thick  and  of  excellent  quality.  A  railroad  called 
the  Switchback,  9  miles  long,  extends  from  Mauch  Chunk 
to  Summit  Hill.  The  cars  of  this  road  are  drawn  by  sta- 
tionary engines  on  an  inclined  plane  to  the  top  of  Mount 
Pisgah,  from  which  they  descend  by  their  own  gravity. 
This  railroad  is  used  chiefly  for  pleasure-excursions.  The 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery  here  presented  attracts  nu- 
merous visitors  in  summer.  Mauch  Chunk  contains  6 
churches,  3  national  banks,  6  hotels,  a  foundry  and  iron- 
works, and  a  number  of  elegant  residences.  Two  daily  nnd 
two   weekly  newspapers   are  published   here.      A   bridge 


MAU 


1788 


MAU 


across  the  river  connects  this  borough  with  East  Mauch 
Chunk,  the  principal  streets  of  both  boroughs  being  trav- 
ersed by  a  trolley  railway.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are 
mined  here  and  shipped  by  rail  and  by  the  canal  of  the 
Lehigh  Navigation  Company.    Pop.  in  1890,  4104. 

Manchline,  moK'lin  (Celtic,  Magh,  a  "  meadow,"  Linn, 
a  "  lake"),  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  at  a  railway 
junction,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Kilmarnock,  on  the  Ayr.  It  has 
a  public  library,  branch  bank,  and  manufactures  of  snuff- 
boxes and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  1574. 

Mauck'port,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Heth  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below 
Louisville,  and  30  miles  by  land  S.W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Maud's,  mawdz,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Maner,  mSw'^r,  sometimes  written  Mower,  a  village 
of  Lower  Austria,  6  miles  S.W.  of  "Vienna.     Pop.  1674. 

Mauerkirchen,  mSw'^r-kggRK^^n,  or  Mawerkir- 
chen,  a  town  of  Austria,  8  miles  from  Brunau.     P.  1151. 

Maaermiinster,  the  German  name  of  Marmoutibr. 

Mau'gerville,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fred- 
erioton.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  store,  and  a  ship-yard. 
Pop.  300. 

Maugaio,  mS^ghee'o'  (L.  Malgorium),  a  town  of  France, 
in  H6rault,  on  the  railway  to  Nlmes,  and  on  the  lagoon 
Mauguio,  6  miles  B.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  1718. 

Maui,  or  Mowee,  mSw'ee,  one  of  the  Hawaiian  Is- 
lands, in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  from  Hawaii.  Lat. 
of  the  S.E.  point,  20°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  155°  58'  W.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  oval-shaped  peninsulas,  connected  by  a  low 
isthmus.  The  peninsulas,  called  respectively  East  Maui 
and  West  Maui,  rise,  the  former  to  a  height  of  10,000  feet, 
terminating  in  a  crater  2700  feet  deep,  and  falling  almost 
perpendicularly  towards  the  sea  ;  the  latter,  to  an  elevation 
of  6100  feet,  and  having  many  sharp  peaks  and  ridges, 
divided  by  deep  valleys,  which,  in  descending  towards  the 
sea,  form  sloping  plains  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides  of  consider- 
able extent.  Numerous  beautiful  cascades  pour  over  the 
rocks,  from  heights  of  several  hundred  feet.  On  the  W. 
side  is  the  town  of  Lahaina,  formerly  resorted  to  by 
whalers.     Pop.  12,334. 

Mauki ,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific.     See  Parrt. 

Maulda,  a  town  of  India.    See  Malda. 

Maulde,  mSid,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  21 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1350. 

Manle,  mSw'li,  a  river  of  Chili,  enters  the  Pacific  near 
the  village  of  Constitucion,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Concepcion, 
after  a  W.  course  of  180  miles.     It  gives  name  to  a  province. 

Maule,  a  province  of  Chili,  enclosed  by  Talca,  Linfires, 
Nuble,  and  the  sea.  Area,  2930  square  miles.  Capital, 
Constitucion.     Pop.  127,650. 

Maul6on,  moMi^iy*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1763. 

Maul^rrier,  mo^lAVre-i',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Moine.     Pop.  1913. 

Maullin,  mi-ool-yeen',  a  village  of  Chili,  province  of 
Llanquihue,  on  a  large  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maullin 
(a  considerable  river),  40  miles  N.E.  of  Ancud.     Pop.  308. 

Maulmain,  mawPmln',  or  Moulmein,  mSwrmin', 
written  also  Moelmyne,  Moulaming,  and  Molmen, 
a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  the  district  of  Am- 
herst and  of  the  Tenasserim  division,  30  miles  N.  of  Am- 
herst. It  is  on  a  peninsula  between  the  Salwin,  Attaram, 
and  Gyne  Rivers,  opposite  Martaban,  and  has  a  good  port, 
sheltered  by  Balu  Island,  and  a  large  trade  in  teak,  rice, 
betel,  and  ivory.     Pop.  in  1891,  57,920. 

Manmee,  maw'mee\  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Maumee  River.     Pop.  394. 

Maumee,  or  South  Tole'do,  a  post-village  of 
Waynesfield  township,  Lucas  co.,  0.,  is  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Maumee  River,  opposite  Perrysburg,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  <fc  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  which  is  also  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal. 
It  contains  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  3  paper-mills,  3  flouring-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Here  is  a  Methodist 
institution  styled  the  Central  Ohio  Conference  Seminary. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1780;  in  1890,  1645. 

Maumee  Pike,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Co- 
lumbus A  Toledo  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 

Maumee  River  is  formed  by  the  St.  Joseph's  and  St. 
Mary's  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Fort  Wayne,  in  Indiana, 
[t  runs  northeastward   into   Paulding  co.,  0.,  intersects 


the  COS.  of  Defiance  and  Henry,  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Lucas  and  Wood,  and  enters  Lake  Erie,  at  its  W. 
end,  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Toledo.  It  is  nearly  180  miles 
long.  The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Toledo,  Foit  Wayne, 
Defiance,  and  Napoleon.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  about 
60  miles  during  high  water.  The  Wabash  <k  Erie  Canal 
extends  along  this  river  from  Lake  Erie  to  Fort  Wayne. 

Maumelle,  maw-mSl',  apost-oflBce  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Maumelle  River,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Manna,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Maoona. 

Manna  Loa,  m5w'n&  lo'&,  or  Manna  Roa  ("great 
mountain"),  a  volcano  of  Hawaii,  on  the  island  of  Hawaii, 
13,760  feet  high.  It  has  several  craters,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  volcanic  cones  in  the  world. 

Man-Nath  Bhan^jan',  a  town  of  India,  Azimghar 
district.     Pop.  13,765. 

Mannbhoom,  a  district  of  India.    See  Manbhooh. 

Maund  Vee',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  and  13  milei 
S.E.  of  Bombay. 

Manne's  Store,  a  post-ofQce  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Mannkaira,  mawn-ki'r&,  written  also  Munkere,  a 
fortified  town  of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Jhylum  and  In- 
dus Rivers,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Bukkur.  Lat.  31°  23'  N.;  Ion. 
71°  30'  E. 

Maupiti,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific.    See  Marua. 

Maur,  mSwR,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  Greiffensee. 

Maurepas,  mo-re-p&',  a  lake  situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  Amite  River,  communicates 
with  Lake  Pontohartrain  by  an  outlet  about  3  miles  Ion? 
Its  form  is  orbicular,  and  its  greatest  extent  1 3  miles. 

Maurepas,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La.,  «i 
Catfish  Landing  Bluff. 

Man'rertown,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.. 
on  the  Haroer's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  5  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  4  churches. 

Manriac,  m5Ve-ik'  (L.  Mauriacnm),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Cantal,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saint-Flour.  Pop.  2357.  It 
has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  communal  college,  and  trade  in 
horses  and  mules. 

Man'rice,  a  station  of  Kenton  oo.,  Ey.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  k  Lexington  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Newport. 

Maurice  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Gloucester  co., 
runs  southward  through  Cumberland  co.,  and  enters  Dela- 
ware Bay.    Schooners  ascend  it  to  Millville,  al>out  20  miles. 

Maurice  River,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  Delaware  Bay.     Pop.  2500. 

Mau'ricetown,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo., 
N.J.,  on  Maurice  River,  2i  miles  from  Underwood  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Millville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  canning-factory,  and 
a  steam  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  600.  Mauricetown  Station 
is  on  the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bridgeton. 

Mauri  Monasterinm,  the  Latin  for  Maruotttieb. 

Mauritania,  an  ancient  name  of  Barbart. 

Mauritania  Tingitana,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 

Mauritius,  maw-rish'e-iis,  or  Isle  of  France  (Pr. 
lie  Maurice,  eel  mo^reess'),  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean, 
a  colony  of  Great  Britain,  E.  from  the  islands  of  Madagas- 
car and  Bourbon.  Lat.  (Port  Louis,  the  capital)  20°  9'  42" 
S. ;  Ion.  57°  28'  45"  E.  It  is  of  an  oval  form,  39  miles 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  and  34  miles  in  its  greatest  breadth. 
It  is  surrounded  by  coral  reefs,  and  in  the  interior  is  com- 
posed chiefly  of  rugged  and  irregular  mountains,  rising 
usually  into  points  or  pinnacles  of  considerable  height,  the 
highest,  the  Brabant  Mountain,  being  3000  feet,  and  the 
singular  insulated  rock  Peter  Botte  2600  feet.  Between 
the  mountains  and  along  the  coast  there  are  several  large 
and  fertile  plains  and  valleys,  well  watered  by  numerous 
streamlets,  and  having  an  exceedingly  rich  soil  of  black  vege- 
table mould  or  stiff  clay.  The  climate  is  unhealthy,  and  the 
island  is  subject  to  violent,  frequent,  and  destructive  hurri- 
canes. Shady  groves  of  mango,  dense  masses  of  mimosa, 
and  nearly  every  beautiful  tree  of  the  tropics,  are  to  be 
met  with  in  Mauritius.  Many  plants  from  Europe,  Africa, 
Madagascar,  and  India  are  acclimated,  and  thrive  well.  The 
principal  objects  of  cultivation  are  sugar,  rice,  maize,  man- 
diocj  and  vegetables ;  coffee,  pepper,  and  the  mulberry  for 
the  production  of  silk  are  grown  to  a  limited  extent.  Sugar 
and  rum  are  the  staple  exports.  Mauritius  is  traversed  by 
lines  of  railway.  The  government  of  the  island  is  vested 
in  a  governor  and  a  colonial  legislative  council,  subordinate 
to  the  orders  of  the  sovereign  in  council.  Mauritius  was 
discovered  in  1505  by  the  Portuguese.  The  Dutch  took 
possession  of  it  in  1598,  and  named  it  Mauritius  in  honor 


MAU 


1789 


MAY 


of  Prince  Maurice.  It  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  French  in 
1721,  who  retained  it  till  1810,  when  it  was  captured  by 
the  British.  It  is  well  known  as  the  scene  of  St.  Pierre's 
tale  of  "  Paul  and  Virginia."  The  principal  towns  are  Port 
Louis  and  Mah6bourg.  French  is  the  language  chiefly 
spoken.  Many  of  the  people  are  of  African,  Hindoo, 
Chinese,  and  Malaeassy  race.     Pop.  (1891)  370,588. 

Mauron,  mo^rSu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  12 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  885. 
<■    Manro-Potamos,  Greece.    See  Mavro-Potamos. 

Maurs,  m5R  (L.  Mtirtium),  a  town  of  France,  in  Can- 
tal,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1949. 

Maurua,  or  IHaupitiy  Society  Islands.    See  Marua. 

Maury,  maw'ree,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Buck 
River,  which  runs  westward.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearlj'  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
cedar,  ash,  hickory,  walnut,  and  poplar  or  tulip-tree.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  wheat, 
lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad  and 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  both  of 
which  connect  with  the  capital,  Columbia.  Pop.  in  1870, 
36,289;  in  1880,  39,904;  in  1890,  38,112. 

Maury  City,  a  post-office  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn. 

Mauston,  maws'tgn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wilkin 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Red  River  <fc  Manitoba  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  of  Breckenridge. 

Mauston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis., 
in  Lemonweir  township,  on  the  Lemonweir  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Portage  City,  and  68  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  foundry,  a  plough-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill, for  which  the  river  affords  motive-power.     Pop.  1500. 

Mautern,  mSw't^rn,  a  town  of  Austria,  Styria,  20  miles 
W.  of  Bruck,  with  mineral  baths  and  iron-works.     P.  652. 

Mautern,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube, 
opposite  Stein,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  964. 

Mauth,  m5wt,  or  Megto,  mSg'to,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Beraun.     Pop.  1750. 

Mauthausen,  mSwt'hSw^zen,  a  town  of  Upper  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Enns.     Pop.  1657. 

Mauvaise  (moViz')  River,  or  Mush'kee,  a  small 
rtream  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  La  Pointe  co.,  and  flows  into 
Lake  Superior. 

Mauvaises  Terres,  mo-viz-tair'  ("bad  lands"),  an 
extensive  barren  tract  in  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska,  be- 
tween the  N«rth  Fork  of  the  Platte  and  the  South  Fork 
of  the  Cheyenne.  It  is  an  arid,  treeless  region  of  the  ter- 
tiary formation,  and  contains  many  fossil  bones  of  the  rhi- 
noceros and  other  large  animals.  This  region  is  described 
by  D.  D.  Owen  in  the  following  passage :  "  From  the  uni- 
form, monotonous,  open  prairie  the  traveller  suddenly  de- 
Bcends  one  or  two  hundred  feet  into  a  valley  that  looks  as 
if  it  had  sunk  away  from  the  surrounding  world,  leaving 
standing  all  over  it  thousands  of  abrupt  irregular  prismatic 
and  columnar  masses.  Viewed  in  the  distance,  these  rocky 
piles,  in  their  endless  succession,  assume  the  appearance  of 
massive  artificial  structures  decked  out  with  all  the  acces- 
sories of  buttress  and  turret,  arched  doorway,  and  clustered 
shaft,  pinnacle,  and  tapering  spire." 

Mauvaise  Terre,  mS-viz-tair',  a  township  of  Morgan 
CO.,  111.     Pop.  736. 

Mauvaleekarray,  mawVi*lee^kar-ri',  a  large  town 
of  India,  in  Travancore,  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cochin. 

Mauvezin,  moV§h-ziN°'  (L.  Maluesinutn),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gers,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1583. 

Mauz6,  mo^zd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-S6vres,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Mignon,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Niort. 

Maverah,  Algeria.     See  Cape  Hamrah. 

Mav'erick ,  a  southwestern  county  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Mexico.  Area,  about  1320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  is  intersected  by  Elm 
Creek.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle  and 
sheep,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Cattle  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  Capital,  Eagle  Pass,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1951;  in  1880,  2967;  in  1890,  3698. 

Mavillet,  maVeelMi',  a  settlement  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  IS  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  240. 

Mavromati,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Messene. 

Mavro-  (orMauro-)  Potamos,  miv'ro-pot'i-mos 
(anc.  Ach'eron),  a  river  of  Greece,  Epirus,  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean 7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parga,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
40  miles.  From  the  N.  it  receives  the  river  anciently  called 
the  Cocytus  ;  and  both  streams  were  by  the  Greek  mythcl- 
oglstfi  renuted  to  be  rivers  of  hell 


Mavro- (or  Mauro-)  Potamos  (anc.  O^AiV»m«),  • 
river  of  Greece,  falls  into  Lake  Topolias  (anc.  Copui»). 

Mavro-Youno,  m&v'ro-voo'no  (or  the  "black  moan- 
tain"),  a  triple-peaked  height  of  Greece,  Epirus.  Eleva- 
tion, 1500  feet. 

Maw'cook,  a  post-village  in  Sheffield  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Qranoy.  It  has  4  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and 
2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Mawerkirchen,  Austria.    See  Maxtereirchen. 

Ma  wo,  maw' wo,  a  walled  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Kanem,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Chad.     Pop.  4000. 

Max'atawney,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading,  is  intersected  by  a  branch 
of  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad.  It  joins  the 
borough  of  Kutztown,  and  contains  villages  named  Bower's 
Station  and  Lyons.     It  has  2  iron-furnaces.     Pop.  2531. 

Maxdorf,  mix'doRf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles  from 
Reichenberg.     Pop.  1350. 

Maxen,  mix'^n,  a  village  of  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dresden,  with  a  castle  and  mineral  baths.  In  1759  the 
Austrians  here  defeated  the  Prussians. 

Maxent,  mix'ftu"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vi- 
laine,  arrondissement  of  Montfort.     Pop.  255. 

Maxentiopolis  Pictonum.    See  Saint-Maixent. 

Maxey's,  max'iz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Athens  Branch  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Athens. 

Max'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  in  Max- 
field  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Waverly,  and  16  miles  N.  of 
Waterloo.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  900 
The  township  contains  2  other  churches. 

Maxfield,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 
36  miles  N.  of  Bangor,  is  intersected  by  the  Piscataquis 
River.     Pop.  156.  ~ 

Max'imo,  a  post-office  of  Stark  co.,  0.   See  STRA.sBCRa. 

MaxHnkuck'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Logansport. 

Max  Meadows,  a  post-village  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  125  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Max'on's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 
on  Massack  Creek,  7  miles  W.  of  Paducah.  It  has  3  storea 
and  1  or  2  mills. 

Max'ville,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark. 

Maxville,  a  post-office  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Transit 
Railroad,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fernandina. 

Maxville,  Indiana.    See  Mackstille. 

Maxville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  18  milc« 
S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  2  or  3 
stores. 

Maxville,  Huron  co.,  0.    See  Peru. 

Maxville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Monday 
Creek  township,  li  miles  from  Winona  Station,  and  about 
30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church,  and  mines 
of  coal  and  iron. 

Maxville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Maxville  township,  Buffalo 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Chippewa  River,  about  28 
miles  E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.     Pop.  of  the  township,  515. 

Max'well,  a  station  in  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Maxwell,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Co- 
lusa Junction. 

Maxwell,  apost-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jack- 
son, Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  at  State  Road  Crossing, 
16  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     It  is  also  called  Michie. 

Maxwell,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Max' well,  a  post- village  in  Grey  oo.,  Ontario,  21  milee 
S.S.W.  of  Collingwood.     It  contains  3  stores  and  2  hotels. 

Maxwell's,  a  station  in  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canandaigua,  Batavia  &  Tonawanda  Railroad,  21  miles  E. 
of  Batavia. 

Maxwell's,  a  station  in  Columbos  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  28  miles  W. 
of  Wilmington. 

Max'welltown,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, on  the  Nith,  opposite  Dumfries.  It  has  an  observa- 
tory and  some  manufactures.     Pop.  4198. 

May,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of 
Forth,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fife-Ness,  1  mile  in  length,  with  a 
light  240  feet  high.     Lat.  56°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  33'  W. 

May,  a  river  uf  Scotland,  oo.  of  Perth,  joins  the  Earn. 

May,  a  small  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon. 

May,  or  Le  May,  l^h  m&,  a  village  of  France,  depart' 
ment  of  Maine-et-Loire,  7  miles  S.E,  of  Beaupr^au. 

May,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.     Pop.  681. 

May,  a  township  of  Lee  oo.,  Ill     Pop.  1007. 


MAY 


1790 


MAT 


May,  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    See  Mayville. 

.ttay,  a  post-oflSce  of  Martin  co.,  Minn. 

May,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb. 

May,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  15  milea 
S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Mayaco,  mi-i'ko,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  N.  coast, 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Engano. 

Mayagnana,  West  Indies.    See  Mariguana. 

Mayaguez,  mi-i-wfis'  or  mi-4-w5z',  a  port  of  the  island 
of  Porto  Rico,  West  Indies,  70  miles  S.  W.  of  San  Juan,  the 
capital.  It  is  the  third  town  in  importance  on  the  island. 
It  is  clean,  lighted  by  gas,  and  has  a  street  railway,  a 
newspaper,  a  sa\rings-bank,  telegraph  lines,  and  a  good 
water-supply.  The  exports  and  imports  have  each  exceeded 
$3,000,000  in  a  year.  Sugar,  molasses,  cofiFee,  hides,  fruit, 
and  turtle-shell  are  leading  exports.     Pop.  12,000. 

Mayari,  mi-i-ree',  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
duba,  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  stream  which  flows  into 
the  Bay  of  Nipe.  It  is  celebrated  for  fine  tobacco.  Lat. 
20°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  30'  W.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Mayas,  ml'is,  a  nation  of  American  Indians,  who,  be- 
fore the  Spanish  conquest,  occupied  the  whole  peninsula  of 
Yucatan,  including  Tabasco.  Though  nearly  extinct  as  a 
tribe,  their  language  is  still  spoken  by  the  Indians  of  all 
the  countries  originally  in  their  possession. 

May'bee,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Exeter 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  36 
miles  S.  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  4  stores,  &c. 

May  Bell,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  oo.,  Iowa. 

May'berry,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md. 

Mayberry,  a  township  of  Montour  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  215. 

Mayberry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va., 
40  miles  S.  of  Christiansburg.     It  has  a  church. 

May'binton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C., 
about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

May'bole,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  7^  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Ayr.  Pop.  3797.  The  town  contains  various  stately 
antique  buildings,  including  the  castle,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  Cassilis  family,  also  manufactures  for  Glasgow  bouses, 
employing  numerous  hands,  mostly  Irish. 

Maycal'lin  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  flows  through  Pope 
00.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  near  the  line  of  Johnson  co. 

May  Day,  a  post-office  of  Riley  oo.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Clay  Centre.     Pop.  of  May  Day  township,  981. 

Maydourghaut,  mi-door-gawt',  a  town  of  India,  Ni- 
zam's dominion,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

May  en,  mi'^n,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  15 
miles  W.  of  Coblentz.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
red  leather,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  6839. 

Mayence,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Mentz. 

Mayenfeld,  mi'§n-ffilt\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in 
Grisons,  near  the  Rhine,  11  miles  N.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1200. 

Mayenne,  or  La  Mayenne,  mi^yfinn'  or  mrinn' 
(L.  Meduana),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Orne,  flows  S.,  and  unites  with  the  Loir  and  Sarthe  in 
forming  the  Maine ;  total  course,  about  125  miles,  of  which 
about  55  miles  are  navigable. 

Mayenne,  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Maine-et-Perche.  Area, 
1966  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  332,387.  Surface  gener- 
ally flat.  Sufficient  corn  is  raised  for  consumption;  cider 
and  perry  are  extensively  made ;  lint  and  hemp  are  grown, 
and  the  forests  furnish  timber  for  the  marine.  Chief  in- 
dustry, spinning  and  weaving  of  cotton  and  linen.  Chief 
river,  the  Mayenne.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Ch&teau-Gonthier,  Laval,  and  Mayenne. 
Capital,  Laval. 

Mayenne  (L.  Meduana),  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Mayenne,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Laval,  chiefly  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Mayenne,  but  connected  by  a  bridge  with  a 
suburb  on  the  left  bank.  It  has  a  large  public  square, 
adorned  with  a  fountain,  a  hdtel  de  viUe,  two  churches, 
and  an  old  castle  of  the  Lords  of  Mayenne,  picturesquely 
overhanging  the  bridge.  The  manufactures  of  linen,  calico, 
and  ticks  are  important,  and  employ  about  8000  persons  in 
and  around  the  town.  There  are  also  cotton-mills,  bleach- 
fields,  and  dye-works.     Pop.  8826. 

May'ervilIe,or  May'ersville,  a  post- village,  capital 
of  Issaquena  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  70  miles 
above  Vicksburg.  It  has  a  court-house  and  3  churches. 
Cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Mayesville,  maz-vil,  or  Mays'ville,  a  post-village 
of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.,  in  Maysville  township,  on  the  Wil- 
mington, Columbia  &,  Augusta  Railroad,  51  miles  E.  of 
Columbia,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sumter  Court-House.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1763. 


Mayet,  m&^yi'  (L.  Maiatum),  a  village  of  France,  in 
Sarthe,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  FlSche.     Pop.  1631. 

May^et'ta,  a  station  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Tucker- 
ton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

May'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  8  miles 
S.  of  Tunbridge  Wells.  Remains  of  a  palace,  said  to  have 
been  built  by  St.  Dunstan,  and  long  a  residence  of  the  arch- 
bishops of  Canterbury,  but  now  a  nunnery,  still  exist.  Pop. 
of  parish,  3868. 

May'field,  a  post- village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Mayfield  township,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  35 
miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  hotels,  a  brewery,  a  distillery,  a  winery, 
and  a  number  of  general  stores.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1100. 

Mayfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Macon  &  Augusta  Railroad,  61 
miles  W  by  S.  of  Augusta. 

Mayfield,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  111.     Pop.  941. 

Mayfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  is 
near  Mayfield  Creek,  and  on  the  Paducah  &,  Memphis  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  of  Paducah,  and  about  37  miles  S.E.  of 
Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  college,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  national  bank,  and  6  churches.    Pop.  (1S9U)  29iiy. 

Mayfield,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.     Pop.  96. 

Mayfield,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Manistee.  Pop.  310.  May- 
field  village  is  on  the  Traverse  City  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 
Pop. 200. 

Mayfield,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1422, 
It  contains  Fish  Lake  and  Five  Lakes. 

Mayfield,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Winona. 

Mayfield,  a  post-village  in  Mayfield  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Gloversville,  and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of 
Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactories  of  leather, 
gloves,  and  mittens.  Pop.  about  200.  The  township  la 
hilly,  but  fertile.     Limestone  is  found  in  it.     Pop.  2352. 

Mayfield,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  K.C. 

Mayfield,  a  post-township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  about 
15  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chagrin 
River.  Pop.  892.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Mayfield, 
also  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  graded  school. 

Mayfield,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mayfield,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Mayfield,  a  post-office  of  Wasiington  co.,  Wis. 

Mayfield  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Graves  oo.,  and 
runs  northward.  It  finally  runs  westward  through  Ballard 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  7  miles  below 
Cairo,  111.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

May  Flower,  ma'flSur,  a  station  in  Faulkner  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Argenta. 

May  Flower,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb. 

May'hew,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Walworth  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Troy  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Elkhorn 
and  Eagle,  8  miles  N.  of  Elkhorn. 

Mayhew's,  a  station  in  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Sacramento. 

Mayhew's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  89  miles  N.  of  Ma 
ridian,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church 

May  Hill,  a  podt  office  of  Adams  co.,  0. 

Maykiang,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Me-Koha. 

Mayn,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Main. 

May'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  on  tau 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fe  Northern  Railroad,  22  miles 
N.  of  Independence.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Maynard,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  iii 
Maynard  township,  on  the  Assabet  River,  and  on  the  Marl- 
borough Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Marlborough,  and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-factory,  a  paper 
mill,  and  a  powder-mill.   Pop.  of  Maynard  township,  1966. 

Maynard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Marcy 
township,  on  the  Utica  <fc  Black  River  Railroad,  2i  miles 
N.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

May'nard,  or  Hodge's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  5  mifes  W.  of  Prescott.     Pop.  170. 

Maynard's  Cove»  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefonte  Station. 

May'nardville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co., 
Tenn.,  is  in  the  fertile  Raccoon  valley,  24  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches.  Iron,  zinc,  and  lead  are 
said  to  be  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  144. 


h^^ 


gU.*,^  !<3 eriro 


MAY 


1791 


MAY 


May'noothf  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Eildare,  on  the 
Koyal  Canal,  with  a  station  on  the  Irish  Great  Western 
Railway,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  1414.  It  has 
remains  of  a  castle,  formerly  the  chief  seat  of  the  Fitz- 
geralds,  a  large  Roman  Catholic  chapel  and  convent,  and 
the  Royal  College  of  St.  Patrick,  founded  in  1795,  for  the 
education  of  the  Roman  Catholic  clergy. 

MayO)  mi'o,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  enters 
the  Gulf  of  California  100  miles  S.B.  of  Quaymas,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  130  miles. 

MayO)  mi'o,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the  At- 
lantic, E.  of  Santiago.  It  is  15  miles  long,  with  a  rocky 
coast  and  sterile  soil,  its  principal  product  being  salt,  from 
a  natural  lagoon.     Chief  port,  Pinosa.     Pop.  773. 

Mayo,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  N. 
ooaat  of  Celebes,  30  miles  N.  of  Menado. 

Mayo,  m4-o'  or  m&'o,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  Con- 
naught,  having  E.  the  cos.  of  Sligo  and  Roscommon.  Area, 
2131  square  miles.  The  coast-line  is  fringed  with  olifiFs  and 
islets  and  indented  with  innumerable  inlets.  The  surface 
is  mostly  mountainous,  but  comprises  many  fertile  and 
comparatively  level  tracts.  Soil  generally  light,  better 
•uited  to  grazing  than  to  tillage.  Chief  crops,  flax,  oats, 
and  potatoes.  The  fisheries  are  valuable,  and  marble,  slate, 
and  iron  ore  are  plentiful.  Chief  towns,  Castlebar,  Ballina, 
and  Westport.  It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  218,406. 

Mayo,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  Connaught,  in  a  county  of 
the  same  name,  containing  the  village  from  which  the 
county  takes  its  name,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Balla.     Pop.  2141. 

May'o,  a  small  river  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
rises  by  two  branches,  the  North  Mayo  and  South  Mayo,  in 
Patrick  oo.  of  the  former  state,  and,  flowing  southeastward 
into  North  Carolina,  enters  the  Dan  River  at  Madison. 

May'o,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  3539. 
It  contains  Madison. 

Mayo,  a  post-o£&ce  of  Halifax  co.,  Ya.,  about  35  miles 
B.  of  Danville. 

Mayo  Forge,  a  post-oflSce  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Mayomba,  mS,-yom'b&,  Mayum'ba,  or  Mi^umba, 
mi-jiim'bi.  a  town  of  the  African  coast,  120  miles  N.W. 
of  Loango,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayomba  in  the  Atlantic. 
It  is  the  capital  of  the  country  of  Mayomba,  which  is  rich 
in  copper,  ivory,  and  gum. 

May'o  Park,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

Mayorga,  mi-yon'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid,  on  the  Cea.     Pop.  2100. 

Mayorga,  a  group  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  in  the  Pa- 
cific, the  chief  of  which  is  Varao. 

Mayotte,  mi^yot',  or  Mayot'ta,  one  of  the  Comoro 
Islands,  forming,  with  some  adjacent  islets,  a  French  colony. 
Area,  137  square  miles.  It  lies  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johanna, 
is  mountainous  but  fertile,  and  exports  cattle,  sugar,  rum, 
coffee,  cocoa  oil,  Ac.  The  natives  are  Mohammedans  of 
mixed  African,  Arab,  and  Malagassy  stock.  Capital,  Dza- 
oudzi.     Pop.  10,875. 

Maypocha,  a  river  of  Chili.    See  Mapocha. 

Mayport,  ma'port,  a  post-hamlet  and  bathing-place  of 
Duval  CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  John's 
River,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Maypa,  mi-poo',  a  river  of  Chili,  department  of  San- 
tiago, rises  in  the  Andes,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles, 
enters  the  Pacific  40  miles  S.  of  Valparaiso.  The  princi- 
pal aflSuent  is  the  Melipilla,  which  joins  the  Maypu  40 
miles  E.  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  course  of  this  moun- 
tain-stream is  so  impetuous  that  it  can  only  be  spanned  by 
Buspension-bridges. 

Maypa,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes,  in  Chili,  lat. 
33°  50'  S.     Height,  15,000  feet. 

Mayrena  del  Alcor,  mi-ri'n4  dSl  il-koa',  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.  Pop. 
4406.     It  has  a  castle,  and  a  large  horse-  and  cattle-fair. 

Mayres,  main,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ard^che,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  LargentiSre.     Pop.  943. 

Maysek,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Majsa. 

Maysfield,  maz'feeld,  a  post- village  of  Milam  co.,  Tex., 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Calvert.  It  has  4  churches  and  1  or  2 
academies. 

May's  liand'ing,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Atlantic 
CO.,  N.  J.,  in  Hamilton  township,  is  on  Great  Egg  Harbor 
River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  on  the  Atlantic  City 
branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Cam- 
den, and  17  miles  from  Atlantic  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  baskets,  and  lumber. 
A  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

May's  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Masou  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
from  the  Maysville  k  Lexington  Railroad,  and  about  64 


miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  <kc.   P.  (1890)  352. 

May'spring,  a  post-oflSce  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

May's  Station,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Paris. 

Maysville,  m&z'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  Jb  Charleston  Railroad,  12^  miles  E.  of 
Huntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Maysville,  a  post-village  of  Benton  oo..  Ark.,  about  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  5  churches,  and  mana- 
factures  of  machinery,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Maysville,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Lulah  Junction, 
and  27  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Athens.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Maysville,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  in  Pike  co..  111.,  on 
the  Hannibal  k  Naples  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Pittsfield  Branch,  33  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Maysville,  Allen  co.,  Ind.    See  Harlan. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  3  miles  by  rail  from  Washington,  and 
about  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Vincennes. 

Maysville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  65  miles  above  Cincin- 
nati, 50  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0.  (with  which  two  cities 
it  is  connected  by  the  Chesapeake  4  Ohio  Railroad),  and  68 
miles  N.E.  of  Lexington  by  the  Kentucky  Central  division 
of  the  Louisville  k  Nashville  Railroad.  A  range  of  bold 
and  verdant  hills,  rising  near  the  S.  border  of  the  city, 
renders  its  appearance,  as  viewed  from  the  river,  very  at- 
tractive. It  contains  a  court-house,  14  churches,  2  national 
banks,  2  private  banks,  an  academy,  a  female  seminary, 
printing-oflSces  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers,  3  flouring-mills,  3  distilleries  of  whiskey,  3  gas 
plants  (1  fuel),  3  planing-mills,  a  ootton-factory,  2  manu- 
factories of  farming-implements,  8  cigar-factories,  2  plough- 
factories,  4  carriage-factories,  a  foundry,  a  shoe-factory,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  furniture-factory.  Large  quantities  of 
tobacco  are  shipped  from  here.  Maysville  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1833.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Maysville,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  42  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Houlton,  is  traversed  by  the  Aroostook  River. 
The  village  of  Presque  Isle  joins  it.  Post-offices,  East 
Maysville  and  Maysville  Centre. 

Maysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo., 
in  Camden  township,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  furniture, 
and  wagons.     Pop.  about  500. 

Maysville,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  N.C. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land <&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alliance.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  12  miles  S.B. 
of  Wooster.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in  Eiski- 
minetas  township,  3^  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salina.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill.     Here  is  Long  Run  Post-Offioe. 

Maysville,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.    See  Mayville. 

Maysville,  or  Mayville,  a  village  of  Jefferson  oo.. 
Pa.,  in  Warsaw  township,  7  or  8  miles  N.E.  of  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches,  23  houses,  and  a  tannery.  Near  here  is 
Warsaw  Post-Office. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Meadville. 

Maysville,  South  Carolina.     See  Mayesville. 

Maysville,  Virginia.    See  Buckingham  Court-Hodsb. 

Maysville,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  27 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Keyser,  and  about  45  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cumberland,  Md.  It  is  situated  in  a  hilly  or  mountainous 
region.  It  has  4  churches,  2  woollen-factories,  a  pottery, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Maysville  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me. 

May'town,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  in  East 
Donegal  township,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta,  15  miles  W. 
of  Lancaster,  and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  chair-factory,  2  brick-yards,  and  3  cigar-fac- 
tories.    Pop.  613. 

Mayumba,  or  Majamba,  Africa.    See  Mayomba. 

May  View',  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  k  Western  Railroad,  26  miles 
W.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mayview,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

Mayview,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Mayview,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Higginsville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 


MAT 


1792 


MEA 


May'ville,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  oo.,  Cal. 

Mayrille^  a  village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in  Fremont 

township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Vassar.     It  has  2  churches,  and 

manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  and  doors.     The  name 

of  its  post-office  is  May. 

Mayville^  a  township  of  Houston  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  614. 

Mayville^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  head  or  northwest  end 
of  Chautauqua  Lake,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  Corry  A  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  18  or  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jamestown,  and  62  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  6  churches,  the  Mayville 
union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Steam- 
boats ply  regularly  between  Mayville  and  Jamestown.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1164. 

Mayville,  a  post-village  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  98  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Wahpeton. 

Mayville^  or  Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa., 
on  Red  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  Maysville  Station,  89  miles 
K.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Here  is  New  Mayville  Post-Offioe. 

Mayville,  a  post-village  in  Williamstown  township, 
Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Fond  du  Lac, 
Amboy  <fc  Peoria  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Horicon,  and  22 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  a  furniture-factory, 
and  a  blast-furnace.     Iron-ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  1069. 

May'wood,  a  post-village  in  Proviso  township,  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Des  Plaines  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  2  manufactories  of  "  Chicago 
Scrapers  and  Ditchers."     Pop,  about  1000. 

Maywood,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  Vincennes  Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  India- 
napolis. 

May  wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Leavenworth.     It  has  a  church. 

Maywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Maywood  township,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sauk  Rapids.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  118. 

MayAVOod,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  A.  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  W.  of  Quincy,  111.     It  has  a  church. 

Maywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
It  has  several  fine  residences  and  a  manufactory  of  jewelry. 

Maywood,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mazaca,  or  Csesarea.    See  Kaisarbbteh. 

Mazagan,  m&z^a-g&n',  a  seaport  of  Morocco,  lat.  33° 
15'  30"  N.,  Ion.  8°  26'  46"  W.,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Cape 
Spartel.  It  exports  grain,  wool,  wax,  oil,  and  hides,  has  a 
good  custom-house,  a  fort,  and  large  granaries,  and  is  a  port 
of  call  for  steamers.  Its  roadstead  is  sheltered  to  some  ex- 
tent by  a  reef.  It  has  a  Catholic  church  and  a  mosque. 
It  was  built  by  the  Portuguese  in  1566,  and  held  by  them 
till  1770.     Pop.  2000,  two-thirds  Moors. 

Mazagfto,  m&-zi-g5wM<>',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
about  190  miles  W.N.W.  of  Parfi,  near  the  estuary  of  the 
Amazon. 

Maz^agon',  or  Maz^agong',  a  village  of  British  In- 
dia, on  the  island  of  Bombay,  chiefly  inhabited  by  descend- 
ants of  the  Portuguese.  It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Bombay. 

Mazalquivir,  the  Spanish  for  Mers-el-Kebih. 

Mazaltenango,  Guatemala.     See  Mazatenanoo. 

Mazamet,  mE^z4^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Arnette,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Castres.  Pop. 
10,770.  It  has  extensive  manufactories  of  broadcloth, 
serge,  flannel,  alpaca,  tartans,  Ac,  and  large  cloth-fairs. 

Mazan,  m4^z5N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ard^che,  ar- 
rondissement  of  Largentigre.     Pop.  1921. 

Mazan,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  5  miles  E. 
oT  Carpentraa.     Pop.  1817. 

Mazanderan,  mi-zinM^r-in',  or  Mazanderoon, 
m4-zinM§r-oon',  a  province  of  North  Persia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  36°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  60°  and  54°  E.  Pop. 
160,000. 

Mazarambroz,  mi-thi-rim-br6th',  a  town  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  11  miles  from  Toledo.     Pop.  1387. 

Mazarron,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Almazarron. 

Mazaruni,  Guiana.     See  Massaroont. 

Mazatenango,  or  Masatenango,  m&-zi-tA-nin'- 
go',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Guatemala,  190  miles  W.  of 
the  capital.     Pop.  12,000. 

Mazatlan,  miz^at-lin'  or  mi-sit-lin',  a  flourishing 
town  and  seaport  of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  river  Mazatlan  into  the  Gulf  of  California,  183  miles 


S.E.  of  Cinaloa.  Lat.  23°  11'  48"  N.;  Ion.  106°  23'  45" 
W.  It  is  built  on  the  crest  of  some  heights,  and  has  a 
clean  and  healthy  appearance.  There  are  many  fine  stores, 
well  stocked  with  goods.  The  port  is  sheltered  to  some  ex- 
tent from  the  N.  winds,  but  exposed  to  the  W.  and  S.  It 
is  the  seat  of  considerable  commerce.  It  forms  the  outlet 
for  the  products  of  the  mining  districts  of  St.  Sebastian, 
and  has  considerable  imports  of  English  goods.    Pop.  12,706. 

Maz6,  m&^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on 
the  Authion,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  3697. 

Mazeena,  or  Mazina,  m&-zee'na,  a  fort  of  Afghan- 
istan, 16  miles  S.W.  of  Jelalabad. 

Mazep'pa,  a  post-village  in  Mazeppa  township,  Wa- 
basha CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  railroad  between  Wabasha  and  Zum- 
brota,  and  on  the  Zumbro  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lake 
City,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  797. 

Mazeres,  mi^zaiR'  (L.  Macerix),  a  town  of  France,  in_ 
Ari6ge,  on  the  Lez,  10  miles  N.  of  Pamiers.     Pop.  2521. 

Mazira,  an  island  of  Arabia.     See  Massera. 

Mazo,  mi'so,  a  town  of  the  Canary  island  Palma,  on 
its  E.  coast.     Pop.  3511. 

Mazomanie,  m&-zo-ma'nee,  a  post- village  of  Dane  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Mazomanie  township,  on  Black  Earth  Creek,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  22  miles  S.  of  Baraboo.  It  con- 
tains a  bank,  3  or  more  churches,  several  hotels,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  fanning' 
mills  and  milk-safes.  The  Wisconsin  River  touches  ihe 
N.W.  corner  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890, 
1034 ;  of  the  township,  1482. 

Mazon,  m&-sdn',  a  small  post-village  of  Grundy  oo., 
111.,  in  Mazon  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  South- 
western Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Joliet.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

Mazon  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Livingston  co.,  runs 
N.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  at  Morris,  in  Grundy  co. 

Mazafnrabad,  India.    See  Muzuffurabad. 

Mazura,  an  island  of  Arabia.    See  Massera. 

Mazye,  m&-zi',  a  large  village  of  Afghanistan,  in  the 
Pisheen  Valley,  40  miles  N.  of  Shawl. 

Mazzara,  m&t-s&'r&  (ano.  Maaaara  and  Emporium),  a 
town  of  Sicily,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Trapani,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Salemi.  Pop.  12,165.  It  is  enclosed  by  Saracenic 
walls,  and  has  narrow,  unpaved,  dirty  streets.  Its  public 
buildings  comprise  a  cathedral,  bishop's  palace,  senate 
house,  several  convents,  a  hospital,  college,  theatre,  and  a 
earicatore  for  warehousing  com. 

Mazzarino,  m&t-si-ree'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province 
and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Caltanisetta,  with  a  college  and  palacA 
Pop.  11,951. 

Mazze,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Mabse. 

Mazzo,  m&t'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Sondrio, 
S.  of  Bormio.     Pop.  837. 

Mdoakal,  m'doo^k&l'  (?),  a  village  of  Algeria,  in  the 
Sahara,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Hodna,  97  miles 
S.W.  of  Constantino. 

Meacham,  mee'ch%m,  a  post-office  of  Du  Page  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago. 

Meacham,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  111.     Pop.  836. 

Meacham'8,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Fulton  A  Guerneville  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Fulton. 

Meaco,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Kioto. 

Meacsima,  islets  of  Japan.    See  Meaksiua. 

Mead,  meed,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sabula,  Ackley  A  Dakota  Railroad,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Lyons.     Here  is  a  church. 

Mead,  a  township  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.  Pop.  850.  It 
contains  Businessburg. 

Mead,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  2421,  ex- 
clusive of  Meadville. 

Mead,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.     Pop.  463. 

Meaday,  mi-i-di',  a  ruined  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
Irrawaddy,  40  miles  N.  of  Prome. 

Mead  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Meadville. 

Meade,  meed,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  borders  on  In- 
diana. Area,  about  332  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone  underlies  the  soil. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville,  St.  Louis  A 
Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Brandenburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9485;  in  1880,  10,323  j  in  1890,  9484. 


MEA 


1793 


MEA 


Meade,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Meade  cc,  Kan.,  on  the 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  35  miles  direct  8.  by 
W.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  natural 
Bait-well,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  500. 

Meade,  a  post-bamlet  of  Macomb  co.,  Mioh.,  about  28 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church. 

Meadland,  meed'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co., 
W.  Va.,  4  miles  N.  of  Flemington  Railroad  Station. 

Meadow,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1043. 

Meadow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  about  12 
miles  S.  of  Fillmore. 

Meadow,  a  station  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond &  York  River  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

Meadow  Bluff,  a  post-oflBce  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
14  miles  N.  of  Alderaon  Station. 

Meadow  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Kansas, 
16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Meadow  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Meadow  Creek,  Utah,  rises  in  Tooele  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  Sevier  River  on  the  N.  border  of  Millard 
00.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Meadow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Meadow  Creek,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Meadow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Meadow  Creek  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  New  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  136  miles  E.S.E.  of  Huntington,  and  12  miles  N. 
of  Hinton. 

Meadow  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  N.  of  Millborough  Depot. 

Meadowfield,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 

Meadow  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 

MeadoAV  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Meadow  Lawn,  a  station  in  JeflFerson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville. 

Meadow  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  is 
at  Cedar  Creek  Railroad  Station,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Win- 
chester.    Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Meadow  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Greenbrier 
CO.,  runs  N.W.,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos. 
of  Fayette  and  Nicholas,  until  it  enters  the  Qauley  River. 

Meadows,  a  station  in  Pueblo  oo.,  Col.,  on  the  Canon 
City  Branch  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  19  miles 
W.  of  South  Pueblo. 

Meadows,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co..  111.,  on  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  El  Paso. 
It  has  3  grain -elevators  and  2  stores. 

Meadows,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2065. 

Meadows  of  Dan,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Meadowvale,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Credit,  6  miles  S.  of  Brampton.  It  has  good 
water-power,  flour-,  oatmeal-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Meadow  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal. 

Meadow  Valley,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Meadow  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Abingdon. 

Meadowville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Rich  oo.,  Utah,  about 
60  miles  N.  of  Evanston. 

Meadowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  oo.,  W.  Va., 
about  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grafton. 

Meads,  meedz,  a  station  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Blair. 

Mead's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Bath. 

Mead's  Mills,  or  Waterford,  a  post-village  of 
Wayne  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Plymouth  township,  on  Rouge  River, 
and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  25  miles  W. 
of  Detroit.     It  has  a  foundry  and  machine-shop.     P.  200. 

Meadville,  Barry  co.,  Mich.     See  Sheridan. 

Meadville,  meed'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich., 
tn  Ingham  township,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lansing. 

Meadville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Homonhitto  River,  about  80  miles  S.8.W.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Meadville,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe, 
and  90  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Meadville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Crawford  oo..  Pa.,  Is 
pleasantly  situated  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  branches 
leading  to  Oil  City  and  to  the  Pittsburg,  Shenango  A  Lake 
Erie  Railroad,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Corry,  36  miles  8.  of  Brie, 


24  miles  W.  of  Titus ville,  and  100  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  is  the  principal  market  of  a  fertile  and  populous  county, 
the  staple  products  of  which  are  petroleum,  lumber,  batter, 
grain,  Ac.  It  has  one  of  the  finest  court-houses  in  the 
state,  15  churches,  a  high-school,  2  large  and  handsome 
public-school  buildings,  2  national  banks,  a  publio  library, 
and  a  Unitarian  theological  seminary  with  a  library  of 
12,000  volumes.  On  an  eminence  i  mile  N.  of  the  city 
stands  Alleghany  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
was  organized  in  1815  and  has  a  library  of  12,000  volumes. 
Two  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  pHblished  here. 
Meadville  also  has  a  public  park,  state  fair  grounds,  with  a 
fine  kite-shape  track  where  many  horses  are  trained,  several 
machine-shops,  oil-refineries,  a  large  woollen-mill,  manu- 
factures of  engines,  farming-implements,  and  carriages,  and 
here  are  extensive  railroad  car-works  and  machine-shops, 
which  cover  an  area  of  6  acres.  Meadville  received  its 
city  charter  in  1866.  Pop.  in  1870,  7103;  in  1880,  8860; 
in  1890,  9520. 

Meadville,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Banister  River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Meaford,  mee'ford,  formerly  Saint  Vin'cent,  a  post- 
village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Big  Head 
River  in  Georgian  Bay,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Northern 
Railway,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Collingwood.  It  contains  6 
hotels,  2  printing-offices,  flour-  and  saw-mills,  a  pottery, 
manufactories  of  woollens,  iron  castings,  boots  and  shoes, 
wooden-ware,  leather,  fanning-mills,  carriages,  wagons,  Ac, 
and  has  a  large  export  trade  in  grain  and  country  produce. 
Pop.  1200. 

Meagher,  mee'gh^r,  a  large  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Montana.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Muscle  Shell  and  Judith 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  mountains,  large 
treeless  plains,  and  fertile  valleys.  In  the  central  part  of 
the  county  is  a  range  called  the  Belt  Mountains.  The  soil 
produces  wheat,  barley,  oats,  Ac.  Gold  is  the  chief  article 
of  export.  Area,  7000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  White  Sulphur 
Springs.    Pop.  in  1870, 1387 ;  in  1880,  2743 ;  in  1890,  4749. 

Meagsville,  meegs'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Gainesborough,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Meahgunge,  m&-&-giinj',  a  walled  town  of  India,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Luoknow. 

Meain,  me^3,n',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  division 
of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  6857. 

Meaksima,  or  Meacsima,  m&-&k-see'm&,  some  isleta 
of  Japan,  W.  of  the  S.  part  of  Kioo-Sioo. 

Mealfourvonnie,  m&l-foor-voo'nee,  a  mountain  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  W.  side  of  Loch  Ness. 
Elevation,  2700  feet. 

Meal'y  Mountains,  a  hill-chain  in  Labrador,  British 
North  America,  near  its  E.  coast,  between  Cape  Charle« 
and  Sandwich  Bay.     Estimated  height,  1480  feet. 

Meana,  mi-l'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  27 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  1711. 

Meana,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  division 
and  50  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1700. 

Mean'der  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Mahoning 
River  about  7  miles  below  Warren. 

Mean'ee,  a  village  of  Afghanistan.  Lat.  29"  21'  N.; 
Ion.  70°  40'  E. 

Mean'ee  ("fishing-place"),  a  maritime  town  of  India, 
75  miles  N.W.  of  Joonaghur. 

Meanee,  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  Fulailee  branch 
of  the  Indus,  5  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  and  where  British 
troops  defeated  a  Beloochee  force,  February  17,  1843. 

Meanee,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  45  miles  S.W. 
of  Hyderabad. 

Meanee,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Ravee,  o/er 
which  is  a  much-frequented  ferry,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Meanee,  a  village  of  Sinde,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sehwan. 
Lat.  26°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  55'  E. 

Meangis  (m&-&ng'ghis  or  m&-&n'ghees)  Isles,  a  group 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  lat.  6°  N.,  Ion.  127°  E.,  90 
miles  S.E.  of  Mindanao.     Chief  island,  Nanusa. 

Mean  Meer,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  forming 
almost  a  suburb  of  Lahore,  on  its  S.E.  side.     Pop.  13,757. 

Means,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Cadiz  Junction. 

Mearim,  a  river  and  town  of  Brazil.    See  Miariu. 

Mears,  meerz,  a  post-bamlet  in  Golden  township,  Oceans 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  of  Pentwater.  It  has  a  church,  3  lumber- 
mills,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Mears  Blnflf,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  oo.,  N.C,  aiid 


MEA 


1794 


MEG 


a  station  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
3  miles  from  Wilmington,  also  on  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad  and  Cape  Fear  River. 

Meat  Camp,  a  post-township  of  Watauga  cc,  N.C. 
Pop.  370. 

Meath)  meexH,  a  county  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  having 
E.  Dublin  and  the  Irish  Sea.  Area,  906  square  miles. 
Surface  mostly  flat.  Principal  river,  the  Boyne.  Soil 
chiefly  a  rich  clayey  loam,  on  limestone  or  gravel.  Chief 
towns.  Trim  (the  capital),  Kells,  and  Navan.  The  county 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Previous  to 
the  Anglo-Norman  conquest,  the  King  of  Meath  was  su- 
preme monarch  of  Ireland.     Pop.  (1891)  76,616. 

Meauwataka,  mo-wat'a-k§,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weicford 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Meauwataka,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Traverse  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Meanx,  mo  (anc.  lati'num  or  Jati'num,  afterwards 
Mel'di),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Marne, 
27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Marne,  and  on  the  rail- 
way to  Strasburg.  Pop.  11,739.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, a  communal  college,  a  fine  Q-othic  cathedral  founded 
in  the  twelfth  century,  a  library  of  16,000  volumes,  and 
trade  in  grain  and  cheese.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has 
courts  of  first  resort,  a  scientific  society,  9  flouring-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton,  farming-implements,  Ac.  Here  is 
a  monument  to  Bossuet,  who  was  Bisnop  of  Meaux.  Meaux 
was  taken  by  the  Normans  in  862,  and,  after  a  regular  siege, 
by  the  English  in  1421. 

Meb^CnesTille,  meb'anz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Ala- 
mance CO.,  N.C,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Raleigh 
with  Greensborough,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  There 
are  several  churches  near  it.  It  has  a  military  school  or 
academy  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Mebarrez,  £1,  Arabia.    See  El  Mebarrbz. 

Me^can',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Waushara 
CO,  runs  southeastward  through  Marquette  co.,  and  enters 
the  Fox  River  6  or  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montello. 

Mecan,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  708. 

Mecca,  or  Mekka,  mdk'ka,  written  also  Mekkeh 
(anc.  Macora'ha ;  Fr.  Mecque,  mSk),  the  most  celebrated 
city  of  Arabia,  the  seat  of  the  Mohammedan  religion,  65 
miles  E.  of  Jiddah.  Lat.  21°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  8'  E.  It  is 
styled  by  Mohammedans  El  Mosherefe  (the  noble),  Om-El- 
Eora  (the  mother  of  towns),  Ac.  Mecca  stands  in  a  nar- 
row, sandy  valley,  from  100  to  700  paces  broad,  extending 
in  a  general  direction  N.  and  S.,  enclosed  by  sterile  hills 
from  200  to  500  feet  high,  without  tree  or  verdure,  and  is 
ill  supplied  with  water.  In  its  centre  is  the  Beitu-'llah 
(house  of  God),  or  El-Haram  (the  inviolable),  the  great 
mosque,  enclosing  the  Kaaba,  dividing  the  whole  into  the 
northern  and  southern  towns,  these  again  being  subdivided 
into  25  quarters,  exclusive  of  the  suburbs,  which  stretch  in 
single  lines  of  houses  along  the  narrow  parts  of  the  valley. 
Mecca  is  in  itself  a  good-looking  city,  the  streets  being 
wider  than  is  usual  in  Eastern  towns,  the  houses  of  stone, 
often  three  stories  high,  and  well  lighted.  The  castle,  on 
its  S.E.  side,  near  the  Shereef's  house,  is  large  enough  for 
a  garrison  of  1000  men,  and  is  thought  by  the  Arabs  to  be 
impregnable.  The  city  is  annually  filled  at  the  time  of  the 
Haj  or  pilgrimage,  when  apartments  in  almost  every  house 
are  hired  to  strangers,  and  thousands  besides  encamp  out- 
side the  town.  This  pilgrimage,  customary  among  the 
Arabs  in  early  and  idolatrous  ages,  and  subsequently  en- 
joined by  Mohammed  on  all  his  followers,  is  the  foundation 
of  Mecca's  fame,  and  the  only  source  of  her  wealth. 

The  great  temple  of  the  Beitu-'llah  is  an  unsymmetrical 
patchwork  of  ancient  fragments,  without  any  pretension  to 
unity  of  style.  It  may  be  entered  by  19  doors,  and  is 
adorned  with  7  minarets.  Within,  the  great  four-sided 
court  of  the  temple,  surrounded  by  colonnades  of  irregular 
pillars,  is  about  250  paces  long  and  200  wide;  and  nearly 
in  the  middle  of  it,  in  a  hollow,  stands  the  Kaaba,  or  sacred 
house,  erected  in  1627,  measuring  in  length  about  18  paces, 
in  width  14  paces,  and  in  height  not  exceeding  40  feet. 
The  sides  are  completely  covered  by  the  Keawa, — that  is, 
the  veil  or  curtain  of  rich  black  silk,  which  is  renewed 
every  year.  In  two  places  only  is  this  covering  removed, 
one  so  as  to  expose  a  gray  stone  at  the  S.E.  end  of  the  build- 
ing, which  it  is  thought  meritorious  to  touch ;  and,  in  like 
manner,  at  the  N.E.  angle  is  exposed  the  celebrated  black 
stone,  the  kissing  of  which  is  a  chief  object  of  the  pilgrim- 
age. Besides  the  pulpit  of  the  ImS,m,  and  the  desks  as- 
signed to  the  doctors  of  the  different  sects,  there  are  several 
irregular  buildings  round  the  Kaaba.  In  one  of  these  is 
the  famous  well  of  Zemzem,  alleged  to  be  the  one  whence 
Hagar  obtained  water  for  Ishmael.  Its  waters  are  per- 
fectly fresh,  though  every  other  spring  in  the  neighbor- 


hood is  brackish.  Among  the  pilgrims  they  are  devoutly 
believed  to  be  a  sure  remedy  for  all  bodily  ailments,  and 
even  salutary  for  the  soul. 

The  inhabitants  of  Mecca  are,  with  the  exception  of  a  few 
Hej&zf  Bedouin,  all  strangers  by  birth  or  parentage,  being 
mostly  settlers,  or  children  of  settlers,  attracted  hither  by 
gain.  The  colleges  of  Mecca  have  fallen  to  decay,  and  the 
libraries,  once  rich,  have  totally  disappeared.  As  Mecca, 
during  the  pilgrimage,  is  visited  by  from  100,000  to  200,00u 
strangers,  it  becomes  for  three  or  four  months  in  the  year 
the  greatest  market  in  the  East ;  its  merchants  occasionally 
accumulate  large  fortunes.  On  the  other  hand,  the  beggars 
of  the  holy  city  are  importunate  as  well  as  numerous.  The 
Shereefs,  or  direct  descendants  of  Mohammed,  are  now  a 
numerous  and  widely -spread  body.  These  nobles,  as  they 
may  be  called,  elect  the  Shereef  of  Mecca,  and  their  choice 
is  confirmed  by  the  Ottoman  Sultan.  The  stationary  popu- 
lation of  Mecca  is  estimated  at  between  25,000  and  30,000, 
including  some  3000  or  4000  Abyssinian  and  negro  slaves. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Meccaweb  (Meccawi),  m4k'ki-wee\ 

sometimes  written  Mecca wat. 

Mec'ca,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Mecca 
township,  on  Musquito  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Cortland,  and 
about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  4  churches. 
Here  are  many  oil-wells,  which  have  produced  much  excel- 
lent lubricating  oil.     Pop.  of  the  township,  936. 

Mecejana,  mi-s&-zb&'n&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  and 
12  miles  E.  of  Ceari.     Pop.  2000. 

Mechader,  mi-ch&'d^r,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  84 
miles  S.  of  Sana,  with  residence  of  the  governor. 

Mechanic,  me-kan'ik,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1066.     It  has  much  cannel  coal. 

In echanic  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Minot  and  Poland 
townships,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad 
and  the  Portland  4  Oxford  Central  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Portland.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  paper, 
and  a  manufactory  of  rifles,  also  a  newspaper  office  and  4 
churches. 

Mechanicsburg,  me-kan'iks-burg,  a  post-village  in 
Mechanicsburg  township,  Sangamon  co..  111.,  3  miles  S.  of 
Buffalo  Station,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  366 ;  of  the  township,  1443. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.> 
12  miles  N.W.  of  New  Castle.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  133. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-village  in  Goshen  township. 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Dela- 
ware with  Springfield,  18  miles  N.E.  of  the  latter,  and 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  banks,  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  2 
planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890j  1459. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Harrisburg,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  8  churches, 
a  town  hall,  2  national  banks,  the  Cumberland  Valley  In- 
stitute, the  Irving  Female  College,  2  newspaper  offices,  sev- 
eral paper-mills,  gas-works,  Ac.  A  branch  railroad  extends 
from  this  town  southward  to  Dillsburg.  Large  quantities 
of  iron  ore  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3691. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  village  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about 
36  miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Brush  Valley.     Pop.  204. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  village  of  AVestmoreland  co..  Pa., 
in  Ligonier  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Latrobe.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  and  iron  ore 
are  found  here. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-village  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  at 
the  N.W.  base  of  Walker's  Mountain,  about  100  miles 
(direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  flour-mills,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  several  churches.  Coal  is  found  here 
about  200  feet  below  the  surface. 

Mechanic's  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Drumore  town- 
ship, Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster, 
and  2i  miles  from  Fairmount  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  farm-implements. 

Mechanicstown,  me-kan'iks-t6wn,  a  post-village  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is  at  the  base  of  Catoctin  Mountain, 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  57  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  27  miles  E.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  2  tanneries. 
Pop.  in  1880,  730;  in  1890,  930. 

Mechanicstoi^n,  a  post-village  in  Fox  township, 
Carroll  co.,  0.,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  3  churchea 


MEG 


1795 


MED 


Mechanic's  Valley,  a  post-offioe  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md. 

Mechanic's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
in  Buckingham  township,  2i  miles  from  Doylestown.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  carriage-shop. 

MechanicsviUe,  me-kan'iks-vll,  a  post-offioe  of  Lee 
CO.,  Ala. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post- village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
in  Thompson  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on 
the  Norwich  i,  Worcester  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Norwich. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-offioe  of  Vandorburg  co.,  Ind., 
about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Evansville. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Pioneer  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  15  miles  S.  of 
Anamosa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  2  bank- 
ing-houses, and  4  churches.     Pop.  598. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo., 
about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church, 

Mechanicsville,  a  small  village  in  Readington  town- 
ship, Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  li  miles  from  White  House  Sta- 
tion, and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  stores. 

Mechanicsville  (North  Oakfield  Post-Office),  a  ham- 
let in  Oakfield  township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Batavia.  It  has  manufactures  of  staves  and  heading. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Half  Moon  and  Stillwater  townships,  on  the  W,  bank  of 
the  Hudson  River,  on  the  Champlain  Canal  and  the  Rens- 
selaer &  Saratoga  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  14 
miles  S.E,  of  Ballston.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2679. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.W,  of  Trenton,  N.J. 

Mechanicsville  (Wesley  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Venango  co..  Pa.,  in  Irvin  township,  about  16  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Franklin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  12 
miles  N.  of  Sumter  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  E.  of  AVoodbury.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Mount  Holly  township,  2  miles  from  Mount  Holly,  and  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.    It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Mechanicsville,  a  hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  2J 
miles  from  Delaplaine  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

Mechanicsville,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

Mechelen,  mSK'^h-l^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  Meuse,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hasselt. 

Mechin,   Quebec.     See  Dalibaire. 

Mechlin,  mfik'lin  (Dutch  pron.  mfiK'lin,  almost  mSn'- 
•in),  or  Mechelen,  mfis'^l-^n  (L.  MechUn'ia ;  Ger.  Mech- 
eln,  mjK'iln;  Fr.  Malines,  mi^leen'),  a  city  of  Belgium, 
province  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp,  divided  into  two 
portions  by  the  Dyle.  Pop.  60,962.  It  is  the  central  station 
for  the  railways  which  traverse  Belgium  in  all  directions. 
Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral  of  the  twelfth  century,  con- 
taining the  "  Last  Supper,"  by  Rubens  (whose  "  Adoration 
of  the  Magi"  is  in  the  church  of  St.  John,  here) ;  church 
of  the  Recollets,  with  Vandyke's  famous  "Crucifixion;" 
archbishop's  palace,  town  hall,  arsenal,  cannon-foundry, 
Franciscan  convent,  and  the  b^guinage.  Mechlin  is  the  see 
of  the  archbishop  primate  of  Belgium  and  the  residence  of  a 
military  commandant,  and  has  a  diocesan  college,  an  acad- 
emy of  painting  and  architecture,  and  a  society  of  fine  arts. 
Its  chief  manufactures  are  of  shawls,  woollen  stuffs,  tobacco, 
■taroh,  lace,  and  beer ;  it  has  also  an  extensive  trade  in  flax, 
corn,  and  oil,  and  communicates  with  Louvain  by  a  canal 
navigable  for  vessels  of  160  tons.  Mechlin  appears  to  have 
been  founded  in  the  fifth  century.  For  some  time  it  was 
governed  by  its  own  counts.  Its  greatest  prosperity  was  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  when  it  had  important  manufactures. 

Mechoacan,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Michoacan. 

Me'chum's  River,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  a  small 
river  of  its  own  name,  10  miles  W.  of  Charlottesville.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  fiour-mill. 

Meckenheim,  mSk'k§n-hime\  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  4  miles  S.E.  of  DUrkheim.     Pop.  1915. 

Meckenheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cologneu     Pop,  1697. 


Meckesheim,  mSk'k^s-hlme^  a  village  of  Baden,  oo 
the  Elsens,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1224. 

Meck'lenbnrg,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  borders 
on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  640  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Catawba  River,  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
gold  and  granite.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  by 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  all  of  which  communicate 
with  Charlotte,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,299 ;  in  1880, 
34,175;  in  1890,42,673. 

Mecklenburg,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  658  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Meherrin  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Roanoke  River,  which  is  formed  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  the  county  by  the  union  of  the  Dan  with  the  Staun- 
ton River.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hills  and 
fertile  valleys,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Granite  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic  <fc 
Danville  Railroad,  the  latter  of  which  connects  with  Boyd- 
ton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,318;  in  1880,  24,610;  in 
1890,  25,359. 

Mecklenbnrg,  a  post- village  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  W.  of  Ithaca.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  hotel,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  a  bar- 
rel-factory, Ac.     Pop.  about  350. 

Mecklenburg-  (or  Meklenburg-)  Schwerin, 
mfik'l§n-burg  shwi-reen'  (Ger.  pron.  mSk'l§n-b56uG^  shwi- 
reen'),  a  grand  duchy  of  the  German  Empire,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Baltic  Sea,  W.  by  the  principality  of  Ratzeburg, 
S.W.  by  Hanover,  S.  by  Prussia,  and  E.  by  Prussia  and 
Meoklenburg-Strelitz.  Lat.  from  53°  7'  to  54°  16'  N. ;  Ion. 
from  10°  40'  to  13°  10'  E.  Area,  6137  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  generally  flat,  the  only  exception  being  a  ridge 
of  low  hills  which  forms  the  watershed  between  the  basins 
of  the  Elbe  and  the  Baltic.  The  sea-coast  is  low,  and  in- 
dented by  several  bays,  of  which  the  largest  is  that  of 
Wismar.  Lakes  are  very  numerous,  and  indeed  form  one 
of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  country.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  produces  corn  in  such  abundance  as  to  leave  a 
large  surplus  for  export.  The  other  principal  crops  are 
pease,  beans,  potatoes,  and  turnips.  Both  horses  and  cattle 
are  exported,  and  wool  has  become  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant sources  of  revenue.  The  distillation  of  spirits  from 
grain  is  largely  carried  on.  The  government  is  a  limited 
monarchy,  and  intimately  connected  with  that  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz.  Each  duchy  has  its  separate  states,  but  both 
bodies  annually  meet  together,  and  have  power  to  make 
laws  and  impose  taxes  for  the  whole  of  Mecklenburg.  Cap- 
ital, Schwerin.     Largest  town,  Rostock.    P,  (1890)  578,665. 

Meck'lenbnrg-  (or  Mek'lenburg-)  Strel'itz  (Ger. 
pron.  mfik'l§n-b65nG^  stri'lits),  a  grand  duchy  of  the  Ger- 
man Empire,  intimately  connected  with  the  above,  consist- 
ing of  two  larger  and  several  smaller  districts.  The  former 
(called  respectively  the  Duchy  of  Strelitz  and  the  Princi- 

Sality  of  Ratzeburg)  are  separated  by  the  interposition  of 
lecklenburg-Schwerin.  Area,  1131  square  miles.  The 
physical  features  of  this  duchy  do  not  differ  essentially  from 
those  of  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin  above  described.  The  house 
of  Mecklenburg  is  the  oldest  reigning  family  in  Europe. 
Capital,  Neu-Strelitz.     Pop.  (1890)  97,978. 

Meck'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo..  South  Dakota, 
on  the  Dakota  Soutnern  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Tankton. 

Meco,  mi'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  21  milei 
from  Madrid.     Pop.  1413. 

Mecos'ta,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Muskegon  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Chippewa 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple, 
oak,  and  other  trees  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  and  Detroit,  Lansing 
&  Northern  Railroads.  A  branch  of  the  Chicago  A  West 
Michigan  Railroad  terminates  in  it.  Capital,  Big  Rapids. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5642;  in  1880,  13,973;  in  1890,  19,697. 

Mecosta,  a  post-village  in  Mecosta  township,  Mecosta 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern  Railroad, 
63  miles  N.  of  Ionia,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Big  Rapids. 
Mecosta  is  a  thriving  trade  centre,  and  contwns  extensive 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles.  A  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  here.     Pop,  about  1200. 

Me'cox  Bay,  a  small  bay  on  the  S.  side  of  Suffolk  co^ 


MED 


1796 


MED 


N.Y.  (Long  Island),  E.  of  Shinnecook  Bay.  On  it  is  the 
village  of  Water  Mill. 

Mecqae^  the  French  name  of  Mecca. 

Meda,  mA'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Monia. 
Pop.  1000. 

Medak,  mi'dik^  a  village  of  Croatia,  12  miles  from 
Gospioh.     Pop.  1327. 

Meda'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.  of  Lafayette.     Pop.  193. 

Med'dybemps,  or  Med'ybemps,  a  post-township 
of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Machias, 
bounded  N.  by  a  large  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  200. 

Mede,  mi'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pa  via,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Novara,  in  a  fertile  plain.  It  has  silk- 
mills  and  other  manufactories.     Pop.  6209. 

Medeah,  mi-d^'3,  (ano.  Lamida),  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Algiers.  It  is  supplied 
with  water  by  means  of  an  aqueduct.     Pop.  3620. 

3Iedebach,  mi'deh-biK\  or  Aladebeke,  mi'd^h- 
bi^k^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  32  miles  S.E.  of 
Arnsberg.     Pop.  2153. 

Medeenet- Aboo,  or  Medinet- Aba,  m&-dee'nit-&- 
boo',  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  that  part  of  the  ruins 
of  Thebes  lying  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Nile,  opposite 
Luxor,  and  comprising  the  remains  of  its  chief  temples. 
See  Thebes. 

Medeeyad,  or  Mediyad,  me-dee^y&d',  a  small  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  a  populous  plain,  35  miles  S.  of  Sert. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  governor. 

Medellin,  mi-oSl-yeen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
52  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana.  Pop.  1555. 
Hernando  Cortez  was  born  here  in  1485. 

Medelliii,  mi-dfil-yeen',  a  city  of  the  rapublio  of  Co- 
lombia, capital  of  the  department  of  Antioquia,  between  the 
Cordilleras  of  the  Andes,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia.  Ele- 
vation, 5030  feet.  Pop.  estimated  at  14,000.  It  is  pic- 
turesquely situated,  has  a  mint,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  is  an 
entrepSt  for  a  considerable  region. 

Medellin,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  en- 
ters the  Gulf  of  Mexico  about  5  miles  S.  of  that  city,  after 
sn  E.  course  of  25  miles. 

Medellin,  a  town  of  Mexico,  15  miles  by  rail  from 
Vera  Cruz. 

Medemblik,  m&'d^m-bleek^  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Enkhuysen.     Pop.  2193. 

Medenice,  miM^h-neet'si,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Ga- 
licia,  36  miles  from  Sambor,  on  the  Letnienka.    Pop.  2010. 

Me'derville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  about 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Medesano,  mi-di-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.     Pop.  of  commune,  4054. 

Med'field,  a  post-village  in  Medfield  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  A  Fitohburg  Rail- 
road and  the  Boston,  Hartford  <k  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  straw  goods.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Charles  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1163. 

Med'ford,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Arkansas  City. 

Medford,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Piscataquis 
eo.,  Me.,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Piscataquis  River. 

Medford,  a  post- village  in  Medford  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Mystic  River,  on  the  Boston  &  Lowell 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  Medford 
Branch,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  town  house,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
lavings-bank,  and  Tufts  College  (Universalist),  which  was 
organized  in  1855  and  has  16  instructors  and  a  library  of 
13,000  volumes.  (See  College  Hill).  Medford  has  manu- 
factures of  rum,  bricks,  and  buttons.  Pop.  of  the  township 
in  1890, 11,079.  Mystic  Pond,  which  is  on  its  border,  sup- 
plies Charlestown  with  water. 

Medford,  a  post- village  in  Medford  township,  Steele 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Strait  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Faribault,  and  7  miles 
N.  of  Owatonna.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  561. 

Medford,  a  post-village  in  Medford  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  on  Haines  Creek,  about  7  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Mount  Holly,  and  about  16  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  manufactory  of 
glassware.  The  Mount  Holly  &  Medford  Branch  Railroad 
connects  it  with  Mount  Holly. 


Medford,  a  station  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  55  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Medford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  co..  Wis.,  in 
Medford  township,  on  Black  River,  near  its  source,  and  on 
the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  230  miles  N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  67  miles  N.W.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  church,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufacture!! 
of  lumber,  sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  1193. 

Med'ford,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Minas  Basin,  11  miles  from  Port  Williams  Station 
Pop.  200. 

Medford  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
on  the  Piscataquis  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Bangor. 

Medford  Hill'side,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  <fc  Lowell  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 

Medgyes,  mSd'ySsh',  or  Medias,  mi'de-is  (anc. 
Media  t),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Great  Kokel,  37 
miles  E.  of  Karlsburg.  Pop.  4621.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  Protestant  college  and  a  Catholic  high  school. 

Media,  mee'de-a,  a  country  of  antiquity,  comprising 
the  N.  and  W.  provinces  of  the  modern  Persian  dominions, 
viz.,  Irak-Ajemee,  Mazanderan,  Ghilan,  and  Azerbaijan, 
the  last  having  been  the  ancient  Media  Atropatene,  The 
Great  Median  wall,  between  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates  at 
their  nearest  point  of  approach,  has  been  apparently  identi- 
fied of  late  between  lat.  33°  20'  and  34°  N.  and  about  Ion. 
44°  E.  Media  once  formed  part  of  the  Assyrian  Empire, 
rose  afterwards  to  be  an  independent  monarchy,  and,  having 
been  subjugated  by  Cyras,  was  incorporated  with  Persia. 
On  the  downfall  of  the  Persian  Empire  it  pa£sed  first  to  the 

Seleuoidsa  and  then  to  the   Parthians. Adj.  Median; 

inhab.  Mede,  meed. 

Me'dia,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
in  Upper  Providence  township,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Phil- 
adelphia Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
about  13  miles  from  West  Chester.  It  contains  a  fine  court- 
house, a  large  hotel,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  the  Brooke  Hall  Female  Seminary,  an  academy, 
and  7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2736. 

Mediana,  md,-De-&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragoo,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Ginel.     Pop.  1620. 

Mediap'olis,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Yellow  Spring  township,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  It  Northern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Burlington  k  Northwestern  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Medicina,  m&-de-chee'na,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E. 
of  Bologna,  on  the  Canal  of  Medicina.  Pop.  11,355,  mostly 
agricultural. 

Med'icine,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  901. 

Medicine,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  939. 

Medicine,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.     Pop.  666. 

Medicine,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo. 

Medicine  Bow,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, is  on  or  near  the  Medicine  Bow  River,  and  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  74  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laramie 
City. 

Medicine  Bow  Mountains,  a  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  Wyoming  and  Colorado.  It  extends  from 
Long's  Peak,  Colorado,  nearly  northwestward  into  Wyo- 
ming. The  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  flows  between  these 
mountains  and  the  main  range,  or  "  divide,"  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Among  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Medicine 
Bow  Range  are  the  Elk  Mountain  and  Big  Horn,  which  are 
in  Wyoming.  Lignite  or  coal  abounds  here.  This  range 
of  mountains,  which  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine,  forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  the  Laramie  Plain. 

Medicine  Bow  River  riiies  in  the  mountains  in  the 
S.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  northwestward  in  Carbon 
CO.,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  30  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Rawlins.  It  is  120  miles  long.  Its  month  is  at  aa 
elevation  of  6200  feet  above  tide-water. 

Medicine  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Grundy  co.,  and  enters  Grand  River  in 
Livingston  co.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Medicine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Medicine  Lodge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barber 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Medicine  Lodge  Creek,  198  miles  by  air- 
line S.W.  of  Topeka.  Pop.  in  1890,  1095;  of  Medicine 
Lodge  township,  1910. 

Med'icine  (or  Sun)  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  runs  eastward,  forms  the  N.  boundary 
of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in 
Choteau  co.,  about  10  miles  above  the  Great  Falls,  or  Cat- 
aract. It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and  in  some  places  60 
yards  wide.     Gold  is  found  near  it.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 


MED 


1797 


MED 


Medicine  Root,  n  post-hamlet  of  Shannon  co.,  S.D. 

Medi'na  (formerly  The  Mede),  a  river  of  England, 
Isle  of  Wight,  which  it  divides  into  two  nearly  equal  parts, 
joining  the  sea  at  Cowes  Harbor.  It  is  navigable  to  New- 
port, 4  miles  inland. 

Medina,  m^-dee'ni,  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  "city," 
forming  the  names  or  portions  of  the  names  of  a  number  of 
towns  in  Arabia,  Barbary,  and  Spain. 

Medina,  m§-dee'n&  or  m&-dee'n&  (Arab.  Medlnat-el- 
Nehl,  pronounced  m§-dee'n8,t-5n-ni'bee^,  "the  Prophet's 
city;"  anc.  Yatrih,  Jathrip'pa,  or  Jatrip'pa),  a  city  of 
Arabia,  containing  the  tomb  of  Mohammed,  248  miles  N. 
by  AV.  of  Mecca.  Lat.  24°  57'  N.  ,•  Ion.  39°  53'  E.  It  stands 
about  3000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  at  the  E.  side  of  the 
mountains  running  parallel  to  the  Red  Sea ;  extending  S. 
is  an  immense  plain;  in  every  other  direction  the  view  is 
bounded  by  hills  or  mountains,  which,  towards  the  S.W., 
have  a  bold  and  rugged  appearance.  It  is  surrounded  by 
a  strong  stone  wall  about  40  feet  high,  flanked  with  towers, 
while  on  a  rock  at  its  N.W.  side  stands  the  Castle.  Of  its 
3  gates,  that  facing  the  S.,  and  called  the  "  Egyptian  Gate," 
is  remarkable  for  its  beauty.  The  houses  are  of  stone,  two 
stories  high,  and  many  of  them  betoken  opulence  and  com- 
fort. The  most  noteworthy  buildings  are  the  great  mosque, 
2  smaller  ones,  a  college,  and  the  public  baths.  Beyond 
the  walls  of  the  city,  W.  and  S.,  are  suburbs  consisting  of 
low  houses,  yards,  gardens,  and  plantations.  These  suburbs 
have  also  their  walls  and  gates.  The  canal,  which  supplies 
Medina  with  water  from  a  valley  a  few  miles  to  the  b.,  is 
the  greatest  of  its  kind  in  Arabia.  It  is  generally  about  25 
feet  under  ground,  and  terminates  in  a  basin,  from  which 
all  may  draw. 

The  mosque  of  the  Prophet  stands  at  the  E.  side  of  the 
eity,  and,  though  on  a  smaller  scale,  it  resembles  that  at 
Mecca ;  its  colonnades  are  remarkable  only  for  their  extreme 
irregularity.  The  tomb  of  the  Prophet  is  enclosed  with  a 
screen  of  iron  filigree  of  excellent  workmanship ;  at  the  S. 
side  of  this  the  pilgrim  goes  through  his  devotions.  There 
are  four  doors  into  the  interior,  but  one  of  these  only  is 
open,  and  is  kept  by  a  eunuch.  Admission  into  the  enclosed 
area,  or  El-Hejarah,  is  allowed  only  to  pashas,  leaders  of 
the  Haj,  and  such  like,  on  payment  of  a  large  fee.  There 
is  little  to  be  seen  inside  but  the  embroidered  silk  curtains, 
which  are  said  to  conceal  a  quadrangular  black  stone,  sup- 

Sorted  by  two  pillars,  between  which  are  the  graves  of 
[ohammed  and  his  friends  and  successors  Aboo-Bekr  and 
Omar.  Great  numbers  make  the  pilgrimage  to  the  Prophet's 
tomb ;  and  it  is  estimated  that  one-third  of  the  Mecca  pil- 
grims go  on  to  Medina,  the  pilgrimage  to  which  may  be 
performed  at  any  time  of  the  year.  The  inhabitants  of 
this  city,  like  those  of  Mecca,  are  strangers  in  the  land  of 
the  Bedouins.  They  are  less  gay  and  vivacious  than  those 
of  Mecca,  and  at  the  same  time  more  studious  as  to  appear- 
ances. The  Shereefs  in  Medina  are  Ulema,  or  doctors  of 
the  Koran.  The  business  of  Medina  is  all  done  by  the 
merchants  of  Yembo,  or  Yambo,  a  port  on  the  Red  Sea, 
about  105  miles  to  the  S.W.  The  population  is  supposed 
to  be  from  16,000  to  20,000,  of  whom  12,000  are  within  the 
walls. 

Medina,  a  city  of  Malta.    See  CittX  Vecchia. 

Medina,  a  village  of  Senegambia,  Jaloof  country.  Lat. 
15°  18'  N.;  Ion,  15°  12'  W. 

Medi'na,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Black  and 
Rocky  Rivers  and  Chippewa  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  wool, 
oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  maple  sugar  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Brie  &,  Western 
Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  the 
Pittsburg,  Akron  <fe  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore 
<fc  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Medina.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,092; 
in  1880,  21,453;  in  1890,  21,742. 

Medina,  a  southern  county  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  1270  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio 
Hondo,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Medina  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Seco  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
hilly.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for 
many  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This 
county  is  traversed  through  the  central  part  from  E.  to  W. 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Castroville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2078;  in  1880,  4492;  in  1890,  6730. 

Medina,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  bounded  E.  by 
Peoria  Lake.     Pop.  906.     It  contains  Mossville. 

Medina,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  609.  It 
contains  Poolsville  and  Green  Hill. 


Medina,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Eansafc,  on  tha 
Delaware  River,  nearly  1  mile  N.  of  the  Kansas  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Topeka, 
and  14  miles  W.  of  Lawrence.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  197. 

Medina,  a  post-village  in  Medina  township,  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Tiffin  River,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Adrian, 
and  4  miles  S.  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad.  It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  about  250 ;  of 
the  township,  1798.  * 

Medina,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1348.     It  contains  Leighton. 

Medina,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oak 
Orchard  Creek,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  41  miles  W.  of  Rochester,  and  16  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Lockport.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  the  Medina  Free  Academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  the 
Medina  Iron-Works,  and  several  flouring-mills.  It  has 
also  manufactures  of  pumps,  pipes,  sinks,  and  general  hard- 
ware. Here  is  a  quarry  of  Medina  sandstone  (Silurian), 
a  good  material  for  building.  The  line  which  separates 
Ridgeway  township  from  Shelby  passes  through  Medina. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3632 ;  in  1890,  4492. 

Medina,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Massillon,  about  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Cleveland,  and  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Akron.  It  is  mostly 
in  Medina  township,  and  partly  in  Montville.  It  contains 
5  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  normal 
school,  2  machine-shops,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese,  bee-hives,  hollow-ware,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2073 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  854. 

Medina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  Milan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Medina,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1417. 

Medina,  a  post-village  iu  Dale  township,  Outagamie 
CO.,  Wis.,  near  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Appleton,  and  li  miles  from  Medina  Station,  which 
is  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Menasha.  It  has  2  churches,  manu- 
factures of  wagons,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Medina,  York  oo.,  Ontario.    See  Keswick. 

Medinaceli,  mi-nee'ni-thi'lee,  a  town  of  Spain,  proT- 
ince  and  33  miles  S.  of  Soria.     Pop.  1064. 

Medina  de  las  Torres,  m^-oee'ni  di  l&s  toR'Ris,  % 
town  of  Spain,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3341. 

Medina  del  Campo,  m&-Dee'n&  dSl  k&m'po  (anc. 
Methimna  Campestria  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  26  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Valladolid.  It  has  2  hospitals,  and  a  collegiate 
and  6  parish  churches.  There  are  ruins  denoting  the  ancient 
importance  of  this  place,  which  once  contained  50,000  in- 
habitants. It  was  a  royal  court  and  a  much-frequented  em- 
porium. Medina  was  the  capital  of  the  Campo,  or  level 
district,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  wheat-countries  in  the 
world.     Pop.  4208. 

Medina  de  Pomar,  mi-nee'ni  di  po-man',  a  town  ot 
Spain,  province  and  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burgos.   Pop.  1815. 

Medina  de  Rio  Seco,  mA-Dee'n4  di  ree'o  si'ko,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid, 
on  the  Sequillo,  an  affluent  of  the  Douro. 

Medi'ua  River,  Texas,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Bandera  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  runs  southeastward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Bexar  and  Medina, 
and  unites  with  Salada  Creek  about  15  miles  S.  of  San 
Antonio.  The  stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  the  San 
Antonio  River. 

Medina" Sidonia,  mi-Dee'ni-se-do'ne-i,  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cadis. 
Pop.  9703.  It  stands  on  the  brow  of  a  rocky  eminence,  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  externally  an  imposing  appear- 
ance, but  it  is  almost  wholly  in  decay.  The  principal 
square,  in  which  stand  the  Tuscan  and  Doric  town  house 
and  the  granary,  has  a  planted  promenade  and  is  pro- 
vided with  lamps.  There  are  10  schools,  a  foundling  hos- 
pital, an  orphan  asylum,  2  churches,  2  nunneries,  and  6 
hermitages. 

Medinat-el-Nebi,  the  Arabic  name  of  Medi.va 

Medinet-Abu,  Egypt.    See  Medkkhbt-Aboo. 

Medinet-el-Fayoom,  mi-dee'ndt-41-fi-oom'  ^ano. 
Orocodilop'olu,  afterwards  Arsin'oS),  a  town  of  Egypt, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Fayoom,  on  Che  Bahr-Yoosuf, 
52  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  several  Coptic 
churches,  mosques,  manufactories  of  woollen  stuffs,  and  a 
trade  in  rose-water  and  nitre.     Pop.  12,000. 

Medioburgum,  Medium  Castrum.    See  Midokl 

BURG. 

Mediolanum,  England.    See  Dratton-in-Halbs. 


MED 


1798 


MliE 


Hfediolanam,  France.    See  Btredx;  also  Saintbs. 

Mediolannm,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Milan. 

Mediomatrici)  an  ancient  name  of  Mbtz. 

Mediterranean,  mSd^e-t^r-rA'ne-an,  "midland,"  is  a 
name  applied  generally  to  all  seas  nearly  surrounded  by 
land,  as  the  Baltic. 

Mediterranean  Sea  (L.  Mare  Internum  or  Mediter- 
ra'neum;  Fr.  Mer  Mediterranle,  main  miMeeH5R*ri^ni' ; 
Sp.  Mar  Mediterraneo,  maR  mi-De-tSn-ri'ni-o ;  It.  Mare 
Mediterraneo,  mS,'r&  mi-de-tSn-Ri'ni-o;  Ger.  Mittelmeer, 
mit't^l-maiR^  or  Mittelldndiaches  Meer,  mitH^l-lSn'dish-^s 
maiR),  a  great  inland  sea,  between  lat,  30°  20'  and  45°  50' 
N.  and  Ion.  5°  W,  and  35°  E.,  about  2200  miles  long; 
breadth,  from  Venice  to  the  Gulf  of  Sidra,  1200  miles.  On 
the  N.  and  N.W.  it  washes  the  shores  of  Europe,  on  the  S. 
those  of  Africa,  and  on  the  E.  those  of  Asia.  It  commu- 
nicates on  the  W.  with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  the  Strait  of 
Gibraltar,  and  on  the  N.E.  with  the  Black  Sea  through  the 
Sea  of  Marmora  and  the  Straits  of  Dardanelles  and  Con- 
Biantinople.  It  is  very  irregular  in  shape:  by  the  projec- 
tion of  the  S.  part  of  Italy,  and  of  Cape  Bon  in  Africa,  and 
the  interposition  of  the  island  of  Sicily,  it  is  divided  near 
its  centre  into  distinct  and  not  very  unequal  E.  and  W. 
portions.  In  addition  to  these  the  other  important  subdi- 
visions are  the  Tyrrhene  or  Tuscan  Sea,  the  Adriatic  Sea 
or  Gulf  of  Venice,  the  Ionian  Sea,  and  the  ^gean  Sea  or 
Grecian  Archipelago.  The  largest  gulfs  are,  on  the  shores 
of  Europe,  those  of  Lyons,  Genoa,  Taranto,  Lepanto,  Koron, 
Kolokythia,  jSlgina,  and  Salonica;  oil  the  shores  of  Asia, 
Adramyti,  Smyrna,  Adalia,  and  Iskanderoon ;  and  on  the 
shores  of  Africa,  Sidra  and  Cabes.  The  largest  and  most 
important  islands  are  Sicily,  Sardinia,  Corsica,  and  the 
Balearic  Isles  in  the  W.  division,  and  Cyprus,  Rhodes, 
Crete,  the  Ionian  Isles,  and  Malta  in  the  E.  division.  The 
principal  rivers  which  discharge  themselves  into  the  Medi- 
terranean are  the  Ebro,  Rhone,  Po,  and  Nile ;  and  through 
the  Hellespont  and  Bosporus  it  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Black  Sea.  Between  Cape  Bon  and  the  Sicilian  coast, 
where  the  water  is  shallowest,  the  depth  barely  exceeds  30 
fathoms,  but  in  almost  all  other  places,  particularly  at  a 
distance  from  the  shores  and  inlands,  is  so  much  increased 
that  it  often  gives  no  soundings.  Owing  to  the  very  nar- 
row channel  which  connects  the  Mediterranean  with  the 
main  ocean,  there  is  very  little  tide,  though  in  some  places, 
as  in  the  Ionian  Sea,  the  Adriatic,  on  parts  of  the  African 
coast,  &o.,  a  rise  of  more  than  6  feet  sometimes  occurs.  The 
general  current,  entering  from  the  ocean,  flows  E.  along 
Africa,  then  N.  along  Syria,  and  begins  to  return  by  fol- 
lowing the  coast  of  Anatolia  W.  The  prevailing  winds  are 
the  S.E.  and  S.W.  in  spring,  and  the  N.E.  and  N.W.  during 
the  rest  of  the  year.  They  often  blow  suddenly  and  with 
great  violence.  The  most  remarkable  are  the  Bora,  in  the 
Adriatic,  and  the  burning  Sirocco,  from  the  African  Desert. 
Waterspouts  are  common  on  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 
Active  volcanoes  exist  on  the  coast  of  Italy,  in  the  Lipari 
Islands,  and  in  Sicily.  The  Mediterranean  abounds  with 
fish,  and  also  furnishes  fine  coral  and  sponge. 

The  Mediterranean  was  called  by  the  Hebrews  "the  Great 
Sea."  The  Phoenicians  are  the  first  people  known  to  have 
extended  their  commerce  along  its  coasts ;  the  Greeks  after- 
wards disputed  it  with  them.  After  the  destruction  of  Car- 
thage the  Romans  were  sole  masters  of  its  shores ;  and  in 
the  Middle  Ages  the  Venetians  monopolized  its  commerce. 

Mediyad,  a  village  of  Turkey.     See  Medeetad. 

Medix  Run,  Elk  co..  Pa.     See  Barr's. 

Medjerda,  a  river  of  North  Africa.     See  Mejerda. 

Medjidje,  or  Medshidschee,  med^jeed^ji',  a  town 
of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  25  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Chernavoda.     Pop.  8000. 

Medjmaa,  mij^mS.',  Medsh^maa',  or  EI  Mcj^ma', 
a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  chief  town  of  the 
Sedeyr  province,  160  miles  N.E.  of  El  Rass.     Pop.  18,000. 

Medl,  mfid'l,  or  Meedl,  mid'l,  a  village  pf  Moravia,  4 
miles  from  Littau.     Pop.  1260. 

Med'lan's  Ranch,  a  hamlet  of  Young  co.,  Tex.  P.  28. 

Med'ley,  or  Med'ley's,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  North- 
ern Railroad,  33i  miles  N.  of  Houston. 

Medley,  a  hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  26  miles  S.  of 
Keyser.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Medling,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  MHdling. 

Mednoi,  mfld-noi',  an  island  belonging  to  Russia,  in  the 
Behring  Sea,  E.  of  Behring  Island.  Length,  30  miles ; 
breadth,  5  miles.     Copper  is  found  on  its  W.  coast. 

Medo,  mi'do,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  Bay  of 
S3o  Marcos,  state  and  4  miles  W.  of  Maranhao. 

MeMo,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Medo  township.  Blue 


Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  The 
township  contains  2  churches,  and  is  drained  by  Cobb 
River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  907. 

Medoacns  Mtyor,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Brenta. 

Medoacus  Minor.    See  Bacchiglione. 

Medoc,  m§h-dok',  an  old  district  of  France,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Guienne,  along  the  Garonne.  It  now  forms 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  department  of  Gironde. 

Me'doc,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  about  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Carthage. 

Me'don,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Medo'ra,  a  post-village  in  Chesterfield  township,  Ma- 
coupin CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour  - 
mill,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Medora,  a  post-village  in  Carr  township,  Jackson  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  White  River,  and  on  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  86  miles  E.  of  Vincennes.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Medora,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa. 

Medora,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  St.  Au- 
bert  Station,  105  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  about  150. 

Medreac,  m&Mr4^&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Montfort.     Pop.  341. 

Medshidschee,  Roumania.    See  Medjidje. 

Mednana,  the  Latin  name  of  Mayenne. 

Medunta,  France.    See  Mantes-sur-Seine. 

Mednsa,  me-doo'sa,  a  post-village  in  Rensselaerville 
township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cider,  flour,  and 
paper.     Pop.  94. 

Mednxnikeag,  me-dux'ne-kgg,  a  broad,  rapid  river 
running  into  the  St.  John  a  few  miles  above  Woodstock, 
New  Brunswick.  It  takes  its  rise  in  the  state  of  Maine, 
has  numerous  windings,  spreads  into  large  and  inferior 
branches,  and  contains  a  number  of  islands.  Deposits  of 
red  hematite  iron  occur  near  its  mouth. 

Medvejii-Ostrova,  mSd-vfid'jee-os-tro'vi  ("Bear 
Islands"),  two  groups  of  islands  in  Asiatic  Russia ;  one  in 
Behring  Strait,  the  other  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  the  Kolyma  River. 

Medves,  mfldVSsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  5 
miles  from  Temesvar,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  745. 

Medvieditza,  mfid-ve-i-dit's4,  incorrectly  written 
Melvidetz,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Don  on  the  left, 
15  miles  below  the  influx  of  the  Khoper,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  330  miles.  German  and  other  colonies  are  located  on  its 
banks. 

Med'way  (anc.  Vaga  f),  a  river  of  England,  rises  in 
the  S.E.  part  of  Surrey  co.,  and  joins  the  Thames  at  Sheer- 
ness,  above  which  it  forms  a  great  and  important  estuary. 
It  is  navigable  to  Penshurst. 

Med'way,  or  Port  Medway,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia, 
takes  its  rise  in  Queens  co.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  through 
the  harbor  of  Port  Medway.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Med'way,  a  small  river  of  Georgia,  which  enters  the 
Atlantic  between  Bryan  and  Liberty  cos.,  25  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Savannah. 

Medway,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Penobscot  River,  about  64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It 
contains  a  church.     Pop.  321, 

Medway,  a  post-village  in  Medway  township,  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Charles  River,  and  on  the  Woonsocket  division 
of  the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  savings-bank.  The  town- 
ship contains  another  village,  named  West  Medway,  and 
has  manufactures  of  cotton,  boots,  and  straw  goods.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  4242. 

Medway,  a  small  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.T., 
about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Albany.    It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

MedAVay,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  in  Bethel 
township,  3  miles  from  Osborn  Station,  about  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Dayton,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Mad  River.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Medybemps,  Washington  co..  Me.    See  Meddybemps. 

Medynsk,  mi-dinsk',  or  Medyn,  mi^din',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kalooga,  on 
the  Medynka.     Pop.  7781. 

Medzibor,  mSt'se-bor,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1457. 

Meeden,  mi'd§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Groningen,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Delfzyl.     Pop.  1545. 

Meedl,  a  village  of  Moravia.     See  Medi,. 


MEE 


1799 


MEH 


Mee^han',  a  post-oflSce  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Plover, 

Meek'er,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Minnesota. 
Area,  630  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Crow  River, 
or  its  North  Fork.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  numerous  small 
lakes,  some  of  which  have  no  outlet.  A  large  part  of  this 
county  ia  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  elm,  maple, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Great 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Litchfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6090;  in  1875,  8626;  in  1880,  11,739;  in  1890,  15,456. 

Meeker,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rio  Blanco  co..  Col., 
about  48  miles  N.W.  of  Glenwood  Springs.     Pop.  260. 

Meeker,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oc,  Wis.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Meeker's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis., 
in  Benton  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Benton  Station,  and 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  mines  of  lead  and  zinc. 

Meeks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  oc,  N.C. 

Meeling,  China.     See  Melinq. 

Mee'me,  or  Me'mee,  a  post-village  in  Meemo  town- 
ship, Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fond 
du  Lac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1754. 

Me  ems,  a  station  in  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Winchester  to  Staunton,  6  miles  N.  of  New 
Market. 

Meenab,  Miuab,  mee'n&b',  or  Min^non',  a  small 
river  of  Persia,  falls  into  the  Persian  Gulf  near  a  town  of 
its  own  name. 

Meenam,  or  Minam,  mee^nlm',  a  village  of  Persia, 
province  and  80  miles  W.  of  Kerman,  statedto  consist  of 
about  400  grottos  excavated  in  a  mountain,  and  inhabited 
by  a  sect  of  schismatic  Mohammedans. 

Meenen,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Menin. 

Meengana,  meen-gi'ni,  a  thriving  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, a  little  above  the  junction  of  the  Chenaub  and  the  Jhy- 
lum,  a  few  miles  W.  of  Jung. 

Meenteen,  India.    See  Burmah. 

Meer,  maiR,  a  word  in  Dutch  and  German,  signifying 
"  sea"  or  "  lake,"  and  forming  parts  of  several  names  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  Europe,  as  Haarlemmer  Meer. 

Meerane,  mi'ri^n^h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  miles  W. 
of  Chemnitz.  It  has  important  manufactures  of  woollen 
stuffs,  bombazines,  and  silk  and  cotton  goods.    Pop.  21,277. 

Meeranpore,  mee-rin-por',  a  town  of  India,  North- 
West  Provinces,  division  of  Meerut.     Pop.  6043. 

Meerat,  mee-r&t',  Meerta,  or  Mirta,  meer'td.,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Joodpoor,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Ajmeer. 
Lat.  26°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  49'  E.     Pop.  29,950. 

Meerbeke,  miR'bS,^k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2623. 

Meerendre,  miV5Nd'r'  or  mi'rSn-dr^h,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ghent. 
Pop.  2200. 

Meergurh,  meer^gur',  a  town  of  India,  dominion  and 
72  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bhawlpoor. 

Meerhout,  maiR^howt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Turnhout.     Pop.  3800. 

Meerle,  maiR'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Marck.     Pop.  1430. 

Meeriebeke,  a  village  of  Belgium.  See  Meirelbeke. 

Meerpoor,  or  Mihrpur,  meer^poor',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  of  Nuddea.  Lat.  23°  46'  35"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  40' 
15"  E.     It  has  a  dispensary  and  brass-works.     Pop.  5562. 

Meerpoor,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Cutoh 
Gundava,  on  the  great  route  from  Sinde  to  Ghuznee.  Lat. 
28°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  56'  E. 

Meerpoor,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  115  miles  N.W.  of 
Lahore. 

Meerpoor,  a  town  of  Sinde,  near  the  Pingares,  a 
branch  of  the  Indus,  46  miles  S.  of  Hyderabad.  Pop. 
10,000. 

Meerpoor,  a  village  of  Sinde,  10  miles  E.  of  Ghara. 
Lat.  24°  40'  N.;  Ion.  67°  49'  E. 

Meerpoor,  a  village  of  Sinde,  near  the  right  bank  of 
the  Buggaur.     Lat.  24°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  49'  E. 

Meerpoor,  a  village  of  Sinde,  52  miles  W.  of  Amer- 
kote.     Lat.  25°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  E. 

Meersburg,  a  town  of  Baden.    See  Morsburg. 

Meerssen,  maiRs's^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Limburg,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  2809. 

Meerta,  a  town  of  India.     See  Meerat. 

Meerut,  mee'rut,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  a 
district  of  its  own  name,  35  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Delhi,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Ganges.     It  is  enclosed  by  a  briok  wall, 


but  is  in  decay,  though  it  has  many  remains  attesting  for- 
mer magnificence,  besides  one  of  the  largest  British  churches 
in  India,  a  British  free  school,  extensive  barracks,  and  a 
military  hospital.     Pop.  in  1881,  99,565;  in  1891,  118,760. 

Meerat,  or  Mirat,  mee'rQt,  a  district  of  the  North- 
west Provinces,  India,  lat.  28°  33'-29°  17'  N.,  Ion.  77°  12'- 
78°  15'  E.,  having  the  Ganges  on  the  E.  and  the  Jumna  oa 
the  W.  Capital,  Meerut.  Area,  2360  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,276,104.  It  is  a  part  of  the  division  or  commissionersbip 
of  Meerut,  which  has  an  area  of  11,131  square  miles,  and  a 
pop.  of  4,977,173,  and  of  which  Meerut  is  the  capital 

Mees,  Les,  a  town  of  France.    See  Les  Mbes. 

Meesen,  the  Flemish  name  of  Messines. 

Meet  Camp,  township,  Watauga  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  370. 

Meet'ing  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky. 

Meet'ing  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Johnston's  Depot.  It  has  2  chnrchea 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Mega,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Obscha. 

Megalo-Kastro,  an  island  of  Crete.    See  Candia. 

Megalop'olis,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
government  of  Gortynia,  5  miles  N.  of  Leondari. 

Meganisi,  mi-gi-nee'see,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  ofif  the  E.  coast  of  Santa  Maura. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Megan'tic,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Sherbrooke,  abounding  with  lake-trout  and  bass.  Length, 
16  miles ;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  This  lake  gives  rise  to 
the  river  ChaudiSre. 

Megan'tic,  a  county  in  the  E.  of  Quebec,  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  Maine.  Area,  745  square  miles.  In  this 
county  are  Lakes  St.  Francis  and  William.  Capital,  Leeds 
Village.     Pop.  18,878. 

Meg'ara  (Gr.  Meyapa),  a  town,  formerly  an  important 
city  of  Greece,  in  Attica,  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  river 
which  enters  the  Gulf  of  iBgina  opposite  Salamis,  21  miles 
W.  of  Athens.     Pop.  4023. 

Megaspe'Ieon,  a  rich  convent  of  Greece,  Morea,  in 
Achaia,  5  miles  N.  of  Ealavrita.  It  is  one  of  the  earliest 
monastic  foundations  in  Greece,  and  occupies  a  vast  cavern 
in  an  almost  inaccessible  rock  above  300  feet  in  height. 
The  Turks,  under  Ibraheem  Pasha,  besieged  this  convent, 
but  were  repulsed  with  a  loss  of  several  thousand  men.  It 
has  from  250  to  300  monks,  and  a  miraculous  picture  of  the 
Virgin,  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage. 

Megen,  m^'ah^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  on  the  Meuse  (Maas),  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bois-le- 
Duc.     Pop.  1731. 

Meg^ve,  m^h'Zhaiv',  a  market-town  of  Savoy,  5  milea 
S.  of  Sallenches.     Pop.  2373. 

Megico,  a  Spanisn  name  of  Mexico. 

Meg'na,  a  river  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bengal, 
rises  40  miles  N.W,  of  Dacca,  and  in  about  lat.  23°  30'  N. 
joins  the  Brahmapootra,  to  which  it  gives  its  own  name  for 
the  rest  of  its  course.    See  Brahmapootra. 

Megto,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Maitth. 

Meguasha,  Quebec.    See  Nouvelle. 

Megyer,  mSd'yaiR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  Hither 
Danube,  co.  of  Neograd.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  1204. 

Megyer-Nagy,  mSd^yaiR'-nSdj,  a  market-town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Komom.     Pop.  2461. 

Megyer-Pocs,  mSdVaiR'-potch,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Pesth,  on  an  island  in  the  Danube,  above  Buda. 

Megyer- Toth,  mSd'yaiR'-tot,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  1824. 

Megyes- Aranyos,  mSd'yfish'-Sh^rSn^yosh',  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szathmar. 

Megyes-Nyir,  mfid^Ssh'-nyeeB,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  11  miles  E.  of  Szathmar.     Pop.  2062. 

Mehadia,  mi'hi'dee'5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  15  milea 
N.  of  Orsova.  Pop.  1770.  The  Baths  of  Mehadia,  or  Her- 
cules Baths,  near  this  town,  were  known  to  the  Romans,  and 
are  annually  frequented  by  many  visitors. 

Meharfey,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa, 

Mehallet- el-Kebeer,  mA-hiriit-41-ke-beer',  or 
Mehala-el-Kebir,  mi-hi'li-81-ke-beer',  a  town  of 
Lower  Egypt,  in  Gharbeeyeh,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Damietta. 

Mehainah,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon. 

Mehdia,  mah'de-4,  Afrikiah,  or  Afrikiyah,  i-free'- 
kee^i,  called  also  Mahadiah,  mi-h4'dee'4,  a  town  of 
Africa,  regency  and  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tunis,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean.    It  has  considerable  trade  by  sea. 

Mehediah,  mSh-h^-dee'i,  or  Mammorah,  m&m'mo- 
ri,  a  fortified  town  of  Morocco,  province  and  110  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Fez,  on  the  Seboo,  1  mile  from  its  mouth. 

Mehen^dawul',  a  town  of  India,  Nortb-West  Prov- 
inces, division  of  Benares.     Pop.  7349. 


MEH 


1800 


MEL 


Meher'rin,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va., 
OB  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  65  miles  W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  2  churches,  5  stores,  and  10  residences. 

Meherrin  River  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Charlotte 
eo.,  Va.  It  runs  southeastward  through  the  counties  of 
Brunswick  and  Greenville,  and  enters  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 
About  5  miles  N.  of  Winton  it  unites  with  the  Nottoway 
River  to  form  the  Chowan.     Length,  160  miles. 

Mehidpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Maheidpook. 

Mehker,  a  town  of  India.    See  Maikdr. 

Mehlis,  or  Metis,  mi'lis,  a  village  of  Saxe-Coburg, 
principality  and  20  miles  S.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  2661. 

Mehlsack,  mail'sik,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  37  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3694. 

Mehlville,  mel'vil,  a  post-oflSce  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 

Mehoop'any,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Mehoopany  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills, 
a  saw-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  831.  Mehoopany  Railroad  Station  is  at 
Carney,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

Mehoopany  (or  Mahoopeny)  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, runs  northeastward  in  Wyoming  co.,  and  enters  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna. 

Mehoopany  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  W. 
part  of  Wyoming  co.,  near  Mehoopany  Creek,  an  affluent 
of  the  Susquehanna.  It  consists  properly  of  two  portions, 
— Big  Mehoopany,  near  the  S.W.,  and  Little  Mehoopany, 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  Both  of  these  mountains 
are  spurs  of  the  Alleghany  range. 

Mehrand,  m^H-rand',  or  Merande,  mdr-&nd',  written 
also  Merend  and  Mehrend,  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khoi. 

Me^hum',  or  Mo^him',  a  town  of  India,  Rohtuk  dis- 
trict. Lat.  28°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  21'  E,  It  ia  noted  for  its 
great  and  deep  well,  with  stairs  by  which  the  water  is 
reached.     Pop.  5660. 

Mehun,  m^^ilN<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  9  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Bourges.  Pop.  5256.  It  has  manufactures  of 
porcelain,  linen,  &c. 

Meia-Co-Shimah  Isles.    See  Madjicosiha. 

Meiaponte,  m4-e-&-pon't&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  65  miles  E.  of  Goyaz,  on  the  river  Almas.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  hospital,  a  Latin  and  a  primary  school,  and  many 
distilleries  and  potteries,  and  is  well  situated  for  trade. 

Meiderich,  mi'd^r-iK,  a  village  and  commune  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  on  a  railway,  a  short  distance  N.  of  Duisburg. 
Pop.  11,879. 

Meidling,  mid'ling,  Obeb,  o'b^r,  ajid  Unter,  fidn't^r, 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Austria,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna. 
Pop.  of  Ober-Meidling,  1533 ;  of  Unter-Meidling,  13,801. 

Meier's  (mi'^rz)  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stearns  co., 
Minn.,  5  miles  S.  of  Melrose.     It  has  a  church. 

Meigle,  mee'g'l,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  21  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Perth.     Pop.  745. 

Meigs,  megz,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  borders 
on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  also  forms  part  of  the 
southern  boundary,  and  it  is  partly  drained  by  Leading  and 
Shade  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &o. 
The  soil  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay.  Bitu- 
minous coal  and  salt  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This 
county  has  also  plenty  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley  «fc  Toledo  Railroad  and  the 
Kanawha  &  Michigan  Railroad,  the  first  of  which  connects 
with  Pomeroy,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,465 ;  in  1880, 
32,325 ;  in  1890,  29,813. 

Meigs,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Tennessee  River,  which  the  Hiawassee  River  enters  at  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  potatoes,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Marble  is  found  here.  Capital,  De- 
catur.    Pop.  in  1870,  4511;  in  1880,  7117;  in  1890,  6930. 

Meigs,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1748.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Mineral  Springs. 

Meigs,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  1412. 

Meigs  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters 
the  Muskingum  River  in  Morgan  co. 

Meigs  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta. 

Meigsville,  mggz'vll,  a  post-township  of  Morgan  co., 
0.     Pop.  1295.     It  contains  Unionville. 

Meigsville  (Young  Hickory  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Maskingum  co.,  0.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland. 


Meilen,  or  Meylen,  ml'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  canton  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich. 
Pop.  3074. 

Meilhan,  mi'lftu"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Lot-et-Garonne,  7  miles  W.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  2028. 

Meillac,  mi^yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine, 
19  miles  S.  of  Saint-Malo.     Pop.  215 ;  of  commune,  2360. 

Meillant,  mi^y&N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cher,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1769. 

Meimuna,  m&-moo'n&,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  Huzareh 
country,  on  an  afflluent  of  the  Amoo-Darya,  in  lat.  35°  50' 
N.,  Ion.  64°  38'  E. 

Mei-Nam,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Menam. 

Meinau,  or  Mainan,  mi'ndw,  a  small  island  of  South 
Baden,  in  the  Lake  of  Ueberlingen,  2i  miles  W.  of  Con- 
stance, with  a  village,  a  castle,  and  numerous  vineyards. 

Meiuberg,  min'bdRG,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lippe. 
bailiwick  of  Horn.     Pop.  1037. 

Meinder,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Mekder. 

Meiningen,  mi'ning-^n,  or  Meinungen,  mi'nSSng- 
§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  on  the  Werra,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fulda,  on  a 
railway.  Principal  edifice,  the  palace,  the  residence  of  the 
dukes  since  1681,  containing  collections  of  paintings  and 
natural  curiosities.  Meiningen  has  a  house  of  assembly,  a 
great  hospital,  a  theatre,  2  gymnasia,  a  normal  school,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.     Pop.  (1890)  12,029. 

Mei-Omeed,  or  Mei-Omid,  m&^-o-meed',  a  village 
of  Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  35  miles  E.  of  Shahrood. 

Meire,  mi'r§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2550. 

Meirelbeke,  mi'r^l-bi'k^h,  or  Meerlebeke,  maiR'- 
l^h-b&^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  2  miles 
S.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  3100. 

Meire's  Grove,  Minnesota.    See  Meier's  Grove. 

Meiringen,  or  Meyriugen,  ml'ring-§n,  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  39  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  theAar. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  weavers.     Pop.  2787. 

Meisenheim,  mi'z^n-hime^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  45  miles  S.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1819. 

Meisenheimer,  Illinois.    See  Messenheimer. 

Meiser,  mi's^r,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  in 
Middle  Creek  township,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the  Lewis- 
town  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Sunbury.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  steam 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Meissen,  mis's^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  15  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Elbe.  It  is  enclosed  bj  walls, 
has  numerous  suburbs,  and  presents  a  picturesque  appear- 
ance, with  its  castle,  Gothic  church,  and  lofty  houses,  on  a 
rocky  eminence.  Its  fine  cathedral  has  some  monuments 
of  Saxon  princes ;  and  in  its  castle,  founded  by  Henry  the 
Fowler,  is  the  famous  porcelain-factory  producing  goods 
known  as  "  Dresden  china."  It  has  manufactures  of  ho- 
siery, leather,  colors,  and  camel's-hair  brushes.    Pop.  11,455. 

Mejerda,  or  Medjerda,  mfid-jfir'di  (anc.  Bag'radaa), 
a  river  of  Algeria  and  Tunis,  rises  in  the  Great  Atlas,  and, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  200  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Tunis, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  24  miles  N.  of  Tunis, 

Mejico,  a  city  of  North  America.     See  Mexico. 

Mekinez,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Meqoinbz. 

Mekka,  or  Mekkeh.    See  Mecca. 

Meklenburg-  Schwerin.  See  MECKLENBCRa-ScHWK- 

RIN. 

Meklenburg- Strelitz.     See    Mecklenburg-Stbb- 

LITZ, 

Meklong,  m^-klong',  a  town  of  Siam,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Meklong  River  with  the  W.  mouth  of  the  Menam, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Bangkok.     Pop.  estimated  at  13,000. 

Me-Kong,  mi'kong',  or  Menam-Kong,  mi^nim*- 
kong',  called  also  Maykiang,mi^ke-ing',  and  Cambo'- 
dia  River,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  the  S.E.  of  Asia, 
rises  in  Thibet  (where  it  has  the  name  of  Ijan-Thsang- 
Kiang,  lin-t'hs4ng-ke-ing),  afterwards  intersects  the  Chi- 
nese province  of  Yun-Nan,  traverses  Laos  and  Cambodia, 
and  enters  the  China  Sea  by  numerous  mouths,  in  French 
Cochin  China,  near  lat.  10°  N.,  Ion.  106°  40'  E. 

Mekran,  mfik^rin',  or  Mukran,  miik-rin',  the  largest 
province  of  Beloochistan,  between  lat.  25°  and  28°  N.  and 
Ion.  58°  and  66°  E.,  having  S.  the  Indian  Ocean,  and  N.  a 
desert  separating  it  from  Afghanistan.  Area,  about  100,000 
square  miles.  Pop.  200,000.  It  is  a  barbarous  region,  and 
suffers  severely  from  drought.  It  is  divided  into  petty  dis- 
tricts, under  separate  chiefs.     Capital,  Kedje. 

Mekuu,  an  island  of  Arabia.    See  Perim. 

Mel,  mix,  or  Melo,  mi'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  milee 
S.W.  of  Belluno,  on  the  Piave.     Pop.  6839. 


MEL 


1801 


MEL 


Melacoore,  Melakonri,  or  Melaknri,  m&-I&-koo'- 
ree,  also  called  MaPlacoo'rf,  a  town  of  West  Africa, 
capital  of  an  independent  territory,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  about  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Free  Town,  Sierra  Leone. 
It  stands  at  the  highest  point  to  which  the  river  is  naviga- 
ble.   Pop.  of  town,  about  1000 ;  of  territory,  about  50,000. 

Melac'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Farmland.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Melada,  vak-Wdk,  an  island  of  Austria,  coast  of  Dal- 
matia,  in  the  Adriatic,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zara.     P.  1200. 

Mel  86)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Molise. 

MePane'sia  (from  the  Greek  for  "black  islands"),  a 
name  applied  by  some  geographers  to  Australasia,  and  es- 
pecially to  the  islands  of  its  N.E.  portion,  because  the 
aboriginal  tribes  are  mostly  of  the  black  or  negrillo  race. 

Melaoni,  or  Melawi,  Egypt.    See  Mellawee. 

Alelara,  Italy.    See  Mellara. 

Alelas,  a  river  of  Greece.     See  Cephissia. 

Melassa,  md,-l&s'8&,  or  Melasso,  m^-l&s'so  (a&o.  My- 
lassa),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  near  its  S.W.  coast,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Boodroom. 

Melay,  m^h-li',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sadne-et-Loire, 
»rrondis8ement  of  Charolles.     Pop.  1998. 

Melazgherd,  mi-l4z-gh6rd',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
80  miles  S.E.  of  Erzroom,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Melazzo,  vai-lkt'ao,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  3  miles 
8.  of  Acqui.     Pop.  1588. 

Melazzo,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Milazzo. 

Mel'bern,  a  post-hamlet  in  Centre  township,  Williams 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Air-Line  or  Lake  Shore  <k  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bryan.  It  has  a  church 
&nd  a  lumber-mill. 

Melbourne^  mSl'bum,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Derby,  with  a  church,  several  chapels,  2 
schools,  and  a  mechanics'  institution.  The  staple  manu- 
facture is  that  of  lace  gloves,  in  which  the  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  employed.     Pop.  2502. 

Melbourne;  mSl'burn,  the  capital  town  of  the  British 
colony  of  Victoria,  S.E.  Australia,  on  the  Yarra-Yarra,  8 
miles  from  its  mouth,  at  the  head  of  Port  Phillip.  Lat.  37° 
43'  53"  S.;  Ion.  IW  57'  42"  B.  Altitude,  913  feet.  It  was 
oflScially  founded  and  named  in  1837.  The  river  has  a  bar 
at  its  mouth,  and  a  second  about  half-way  to  the  town,  and 
on  this  account  the  largest  shipping  anchor  at  Hobson's  Bay, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  harbor,  to  which  there  is  now  a  rail- 
way direct  from  Melbourne,  with  two  piers  projecting  into 
deep  water.  The  commerce  of  Melbourne  has  increased  to 
a  great  extent  since  the  gold  discoveries  in  1851,  and  now 
represents  about  nine-tenths  of  the  entire  trade  of  the  col- 
ony. The  town  is  chiefly  laid  out  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Yarra,  which  is  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.  It  has  been  a 
municipality  since  1843,  the  mayor  and  aldermen  being 
elected  by  the  council.  South  Melbourne  and  several  other 
wards  have  branched  off  into  separate  municipalities.  The 
town  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with  water  from 
the  head  of  the  Plenty  River,  a  distance  of  18  miles ;  and 
the  Lake  Yan-Yean  has  been  converted  into  a  reservoir 
by  means  of  an  embankment  3159  feet  long  and  30  feet 
high.  It  is  capable  of  holding  6,422,000,000  gallons. 
There  is  a  smaller  reservoir  at  Preston,  about  7  miles  from 
Melbourne.  Hydrants  occur  at  intervals  in  the  principal 
streets.  Melbourne  has  a  public  library,  a  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, a  hospital,  benevolent  and  orphan  asylums,  an  en- 
dowed university,  a  parliament  house,  built  at  a  cost  of 
£400,000,  a  custom-house,  a  treasury,  a  post-oflSce,  a  cathe- 
dral, several  banks,  and  barracks.  There  is  a  museum  in 
connection  with  the  university.  There  are  several  daily 
and  weekly  papers,  several  theatres,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  the  theatre  royal,  erected  at  a  cost  of  £90,000, 
Cremorne  Gardens,  the  royal  park,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
There  is  now  a  great  extent  of  wharf  accommodation,  and 
lit  Williamstown  a  patent  slip.  It  has  steam,  rail,  and 
telegraph  communication  with  the  chief  towns  of  Victoria 
and  the  adjoining  colonies.  A  submarine  cable  was  laid 
between  Australia  and  Tasmania  in  1859.  Shortest  sea- 
voyage  to  Liverpool  (via  Cape  Horn),  12,820  miles ;  dis- 
tance to  Calcutta,  6230  miles.  Melbourne  is  the  first  and 
last  port  of  call  for  the  mail-ships  to  Galle.  It  is  the  see 
of  an  Anglican  bishop  and  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop. 
Mean  temperature,  January,  73.4°;  July,  65.4°  Fahr. 
Pop.  of  city  proper  in  1881,  65,860,  or  including  suburbs, 
282,907 ;  in  1891,  491,378. 

Mel'bourney  a  post-village,  capital  of  Izard  co.,  Ark., 
about  110  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  149 ;  in  1890,  209. 

Melbourne,  Ontario.     See  Longwood. 

Mel'bournC)  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec, 

114 


25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shorbrooke,  and  1  mile  from  Riohmond 
Station.  A  bridge  spans  the  St.  Francis  at  this  point, 
connecting  Melbourne  and  Richmond  East.  The  village 
contains  4  churches,  a  ohair-faotory,  a  bark-factory,  a  law- 
mill,  tannery,  &c.  Pop.  270.  There  are  copper-mines  and 
slate-quarries  in  the  vicinity. 

Melbourne  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  forms,  with 
Bedford  and  Minto  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Dangerous  Ar- 
chipelago. 

Melbourne  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  oo., 
Quebec,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill and  3  stores.     Pop.  125. 

Melchthal,  mSlK't&l,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Unterwalden,  S.E.  of  Sarnen,  traversed  by  the  Meloh 
River,  and  noted  as  the  birthplace  of  Arnold  of  Griitli  and 
Nicholas  von  der  Flue,  two  of  the  founders  of  the  Swisi 
Confederation. 

Melcombe'Regis,  mdl'kiim  re'jis,  a  well-built  town 
of  England,  in  Dorset,  adjacent  to  the  town  of  Weymouth, 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  Wey,  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge.  It  is  an  important  railway  terminus,  and  a  favor- 
ite bathing-place,  having  on  the  E.  Weymouth  Bay,  and 
on  the  W.  a  pool  called  the  Backwater.  It  is  now  united  in 
one  municipality  with  Weymouth.  Total  pop.  (1891)  13,866. 

Meldal,  mfil'dil,  a  village  of  Norway,  36  miles  S.W.  of 
Trondhjem.     Pop.  of  parish,  5500. 

Melden,  m&l'd^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Scheldt,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.    Pop.  1496. 

Meldi,  a  town  of  France.     See  Meaux. 

Meldola,  mdrdo-l&,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  7  miles 
S.  of  Forli.     Pop.  6969. 

Meldorf,  mel'doBf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  near 
the  North  Sea,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3307. 

Meldrum,  Old,  Scotland.    See  Old  Meldrtjh. 

Meleda,  mSl'&-d&  (anc.  Mel'ita),  an  island  of  Austria, 
Dalmatia,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ragusa.  Greatest  length, 
23  miles ;  mean  breadth,  not  more  than  2  miles.  The  in- 
terior is  traversed  by  lofty  hiUs,  generally  of  a  parched 
and  arid  appearance,  and  intersected  by  numerous  fertile 
valleys.  The  harbor  of  Palazzo,  on  the  N.  side,  is  consid- 
ered the  best  on  the  Dalmatian  coast. 

Melegnano,  mi-lSn-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Milan.  It  has  a  court  of  justice,  several  public 
offices,  3  churches,  and  a  trade  in  com,  rice,  flax,  and  dairy- 
produce.     Pop.  5124. 

Melekhovskaia,  or  Melekhowskfua,  mi-li-Kov- 
ski'i,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cossack  country,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Cherkask,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  3638. 

Melencze,  miH5nt'si\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Torontal,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  6580. 

Melenik,  m&-l£n-eek'  or  mdr^-nik',  a  town  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Ghiustendil. 

Melenki,  mi-lfin'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  5597. 

Melfi,  mfil'fee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata,  on  a  lofty 
volcanic  mountain  overlooking  the  Plain  of  Capitanata,  34 
miles  S.  of  Foggia.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and  has 
an  old  castle,  a  cathedral,  and  several  convents.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  11,648. 

Mel'ford,  or  Long  Melford,  a  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Stour,  at  a  railway  junction,  3  miles 
N.  of  Sudbury.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  a  very 
fine  church,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  silk.  Pop.  of 
parish,  3046. 

Melga^o,  mfil-gi'so,  the  northernmost  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Minho,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Braga,  on  the  Minho,  with 
a  large  fortress.     Pop.  1867. 

Melga90,  mfll-g&'so,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  168 
miles  S.W.  of  Par&.     It  has  a  trade  in  timber.    Pop.  4000. 

Melgar  de  Fernamental,m41-gaR'  di  fjR-ni-mfin- 
til',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Burgos,  near  the  Pisuerga.     Pop.  2435. 

Melgig,  miPghig',  a  salt  lake  or  marsh  in  the  S.E.  of 
Algeria,  near  lat.  33°  N.,  Ion.  7°  E.  It  receives  the  Adjedi 
from  the  N.W.     Length.  26  miles;  breadth,  18  miles. 

Meliana,  mi-le-&'ni!L,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  3  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  1505. 

Meliduuum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Muhlbadsbit. 

Melikut,  miMee'koot',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Baos,  110  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  4080. 

Melilla,  m&-leel'y&,  or  Mlila,  mlee'l&,  a  seaport  town 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Morocco,  belonging  to  the  Spaniards. 
Lat.  35°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  W.  The  citadel,  on  a  rook,  con- 
tains large  magazines  and  cisterns,  and  is  garrisoned.  Pop 
2200.     Melilla  is  a  oonviot-settlement. 

Melilli,  mfil-eel'lee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Syracuse.     Pop.  6770. 


MEL 


1802 


MEL 


Melinda,  mk-leen'dk,  or  Melinde,  mi-leen'di,  a  sea- 
port town  of  East  Africa,  N.  of  Zanzibar.  Lat.  4°  60'  S. ; 
U>n.  40°  E.  It  has  many  ruined  churches  built  by  the  Por- 
tuguese, who  possessed  it  during  the  sixteenth  and  seven- 
teenth centuries.  A  very  considerable  trade  is  carried  on 
by  caravan  with  the  interior,  and  by  water  with  the  Red 
Sea.  Persia,  and  the  N.  parts  of  India. 

Meling,  or  Meeling,  milling',  a  chain  of  mountains 
in  the  S.  part  of  China,  200  miles  N.  of  Canton. 

Melipilla,  mi-le-peel'yi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
and  38  miles  S.W.  of  Santiago,  on  the  Maypu.     Pop.  3431. 

Melis,  a  village  of  Germany.     See  Mehlis. 

M^lisey,  miMee'zi',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Haute- 
SaSne,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  1940, 
-     Melis'sa^  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  oo.,   Tex.,   on   the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Melis'sadale^  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo..  Pa. 

Melita,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.     See  Melrda. 

Melita,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean.     See  Malta. 

Melitene^  the  ancient  name  of  Malateeyeh. 

Melito,  mi-lee'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
di  Calabria.     Pop.  of  commune,  3853. 

Melito,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Naples,  district 
of  Casoria.     Pop.  3503. 

Melitopol,  mi-le-to'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the 
Crimea,  125  miles  N.N.E.  of  Simferopol.     Pop.  4862. 

Melk,  mSlk,  or  Molk,  molk,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Danube,  14  miles  W.  of  St.  Polten.  Pop.  1664.  It 
is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  height,  on  which  is  a  Benedictine 
abbey,  founded  in  1089,  on  the  site  of  the  Roman  Nomare, 
its  precincts  comprising  a  college  and  ecclesiastical  semi- 
nary, a  large  library,  and  a  botanic  garden. 

Melks'ham,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Wilts,  on  the 
Avon,  lOi  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  cloth-works 
and  flour-mills.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  chalybeate  and  saline 
spring.     Pop.  2464. 

Melia,  mjril,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  joins  the  Oglio 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Cremona.     Length,  50  miles. 

Mellara,  mdl-l&'r&,  or  Melara,  m&-l&'r&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  and  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the 
Po.     Pop.  2968. 

Mellawee,  or  Mellawi,  mdl'l&Vee,  written  also 
Melaoai,  a  town  of  Egypt,  26  miles  S.  of  Minieh,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Nile. 

Melle,  mdl'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
4  miles  S.B.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2317. 

Melle,  mSll  (L.  Metal'lum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Deuz- 
Sdvres,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Niort.  Pop.  2221.  It  has  beautiful  saburbs,  and  the  dis- 
trict is  celebrated  for  mules,  reputed  among  the  best  in 
Europe.  In  the  neighborhood  is  the  sulphurous  spring  of 
Fontadan. 

Melle,  mdl'I^,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province 
of  Coni,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2435. 

Melie,  mdl'l^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Osnaburg,  on  the  Else.     Pop.  1805. 

Mel'lenville,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Claverack  township,  on  the  Hudson  &  Chatham  Railroad, 
9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  knit  goods.     Pop.  in  1890,  564. 

Melleray,  mel'le-ri,  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque.  Here  is  a  Trappist  abbey,  called 
New  Melleray. 

Mellika,  mdl-lee'k&,  a  walled  town  in  the  Algerian  Sa- 
hara, on  the  Wady-Mzab,  3  miles  S.  of  Gardaia.  It  is  a 
holy  town,  and  has  3  mosques.     Pop.  about  1300. 

Melling,  mdl'ling,  a  village  of  Austria,  Styria,  1  mile 
from  Marburg,  with  a  church  and  a  castle.     Pop.  1063. 

Mellingen,  mfil'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Aargau,  1  mile  S.  of  Baden,  on  the  Reuss.    Pop.  854. 

Mel'lonville,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  Fla.,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Monroe,  205  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 
Here  are  several  orange-groves. 

Melloon,  mftl-loon',  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  Irra- 
waddy,  opposite  Patanago. 

Mel'low  Val'ley,  a  post-village  of  Clay  oo.,  Ala., 
about  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  There  are  4 
churches  within  J  of  a  mile  of  this  village. 

Mellrichstadt,  m5ll'riK-stitt\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Saale,  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1904. 

Mell'wood,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Meimore,  mel-mor',  a  post- village  in  Eden  township, 
Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Sandusky  River,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Melnik,  mfil'nik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Elbe,  21  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3678, 


Mel'nik,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  55  miles  N.E. 
of  Salonica.     Pop.  5000. 

Melo,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Mel. 

Melo,  mi'lo,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  200  miles  N.E.  of  Mon- 
tevideo. 

Melocabas,  Germany.    See  Coburg. 

Melocheville(Fr.pron.mi-losh-veer),  orTeohante, 
ti^o^hint',  a  post-village  in  Beauharnois  co.,  Quebec,  at  the 
outlet  of  the  Beauharnois  Canal  in  Lake  St.  Louis,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  foundry,  flour-mills, 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Melodannm,  the  ancient  name  of  Melun. 

Meloria,  m&-lo're-&  (anc.  Mana'riat),  a  small  island 
in  the  Mediterranean,  ofiF  the  coast  of  Tuscany,  4  mi.es  W. 
of  Leghorn. 

Melos,  an  island  of  Greece.    Bee  Milo. 

Mel'pine,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Davenport. 

Melres,  mil'rfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro, 
12  miles  E.  of  Oporto,  on  the  Douro.     Pop.  1161, 

MelVose',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxborough,  on 
the  Tweed,  and  on  the  North  British  Railway,  11  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jedburgh.  The  town  is  noted  only  for  its  abbey, 
the  church  of  which,  when  entire,  was  the  finest  in  Soot- 
land,  as  it  is  still  the  noblest  ruin.  It  was  founded  by 
David  I.  in  1136  for  Cistercian  monks.     Pop.  1405. 

Melrose,  mSl-r5z'  or  mSl'rSz,  a  village  in  Alameda  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Oak- 
land. It  is  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railway.  Here  ar« 
smelting-  and  refining-works  and  a  cordage-factory. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hartford  cu.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Hartford,  at  the  junction  of  the  Rockville  Branch. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  oo.,  Fla.,  on  Santa 
F6  Lake,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Waldo  Station.  It  haa  a  saw-mill 
and  2  stores. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Echols  co.,  Ga.,  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Valdosta. 

Melrose,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  111.  Pop.  207& 
exclusive  of  Quinoy,  of  which  it  contains  a  part. 

Melrose,  a  small  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  III.,  in  Mel- 
rose township,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  contains  3 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  989. 

Melrose,  a  suburban  village  of  Proviso  township,  Cook 
00.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
steel  car-springs.     Nearest  post-office,  May  wood,  1  mile. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Melro«e 
township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Marshalltown.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  597. 

Melrose,  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     See  East  Melrose. 

Melrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Bachman  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  2  stores,  a  cigar-fao- 
tory,  Ac. 

Melrose,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Melrose  township,  on  the  Boston  &,  Maine  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  news- 
Eaper  office,  a  bank,  several  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
oots,  shoes,  furniture,  Ac.  The  township  contains  also  a 
village  named  Melrose  Highlands.     Pop.  in  1890,  8519. 

Melrose,  a  station  of  Charlevoix  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  8^  miles  S.  of  Petoskey. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  in  Mel- 
rose township,  on  the  Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Cloud,  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  3  hotels,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  400 ;  of  the  township,  462. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Melrose,  a  station  of  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Rail- 
road, within  the  city  limits  of  New  York,  6  miles  N,  of  the 
Grand  Central  depot.     Here  is  a  convent. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  oo.,  N.Y,,  in 
Schaghticoke  township,  on  the  Troy  <fe  Boston  Railroad,  Si 
miles  N.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C, 

Melrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of 
Carbondale,     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  handle-factory, 

Melrose,  a  station  in  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pada- 
cah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Melrose,  a  post- village  of  Nacogdoches  oo.,  Tex.,  about 
75  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Palestine,  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
seminary. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Ya. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  in  Melrose  township,  Jackson 


MEL 


1803 


MEM 


CO.,  Wis.,  on  Douglas  Creek,  near  Black  River,  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Black  River  Falls,  and  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  La 
Crosse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1159. 

Mel'rose,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  St.  Mary's  River,  88  miles  from  Shubenacadie. 

Melrose^  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Shannonville.     Pop.  100. 

Melrose,  a  village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Komoka.     Pop.  150. 

Melrose,  a  small  village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  7  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  100. 

Melrose  Highlands,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Melrose  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
road, 8  or  9  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  from  Melrose. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  needles,  soap,  &o. 

MeVtoy',  a  post-ofl&ce  of  Gage  co.,  Neb. 

Mels,  mSls,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall, 
li  miles  S.W.  of  Sargans.  It  has  an  important  manufac- 
tory of  fire-arms,  and  a  glass-house.  On  a  neighboring  hill 
stands  the  old  castle  of  Nidberg.     Pop.  3407. 

Melsele,  mSl-si'l§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  27  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3032. 

Melsungen,  m5l's66ng-§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Fulda,  13  miles  S.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  3483. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth. 

Mel'tham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
5  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Huddersfield.  Pop.  4229,  em- 
ployed in  woollen-manufactories. 

3Iel'ton-Mow'bray  (mo'bree),  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Leicester,  on  the  navigable  Wreke,  and  on  the  Midland 
Railway,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leicester.  The  town  has  a 
fine  Gothic  church,  2  large  free  schools,  an  almshouse,  a 
good  library  and  news-room,  excellent  hotels,  and  extensive 
stables  for  horses  belonging  to  members  of  the  famous  fox- 
hunt, which  attracts  to  Melton  during  the  season  the  6lite 
of  the  sporting  world.  Melton  is  noted  for  its  cheese  and 
pork  pies.     Pop.  (1891)  8506. 

Mel'ton's,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Railroad,  73  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Melton's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Melton's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C. 

Mel'tonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Melnn  (Fr.  pron.  m'luu"  or  m§h-UiN»';  anc.  Melodu'- 
num),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Seine- 
et-Marne,  on  the  Seine,  27  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
11,215.  It  has  a  parish  church,  the  clock-tower  of  an  old 
abbey,  ruins  of  a  royal  palace,  a  communal  college,  normal 
school,  and  public  library,  with  manufactures  of  woollen 
nloths,  linens,  leather,  crockery,  and  cotton  goods. 

Mel'vale,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
large  distillery  and  some  15  houses.  Nearest  post-office, 
Mt.  Washington. 

Mel'vem,  or  Mal'vern,  a  post-village  in  Melvern 
township,  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  about  38 
miles  S.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  942. 

Melvern  Square,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  North  Mountains,  4  miles 
from  Wilmot.     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Melvidetz,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Medtieditza. 

Mel'ville,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Melville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  111.,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Melville,  a  post-township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Adair  Station.     Pop.  62. 

Melville,  a  station  on  the  Shawmut  Branch  of  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.  of  the  initial  station  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Melville,  a  village  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Melville,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.T.,  in  Hun- 
tington township,  about  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  a  church  and  about  40  houses. 

Melville,  a  post-township  of  Alamance  oo.,  N.C.,  about 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  Pop.  1221.  It  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  Mebanesville. 

Melville  (formerly  Chickamaaga),  a  pOst-hamlet  of 
Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  or  near  the  Western  A  Atlantic 
Railroad. 

Mel'ville,  a  village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2i  miles  from 
Orangeville.     It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 


Melville  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Greenland,  near  the  head  of 
Baffin's  Bay,  lat.  76°  N.,  and  between  Ion.  60°  and  64<»  W 

Melville  Castle,  Scotland.    See  La.sswadk. 

Melville  Island,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  North 
Australia,  in  lat.  11°  28'  8.,  Ion.  131°  E.  Length,  70  miles ; 
breadth,  30  miles. 

Melville  Island,  the  westernmost  of  the  Georgian 
Islands  of  British  North  America,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean. 
Lat.  75°  N.;  Ion.  110°  W.  Discovered  by  Captain  Parry, 
who  wintered  here  in  1819-20. 

Melville  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  in 
lat.  17°  35'  S.,  Ion.  142°  41'  W. 

Mel'ville  Penin'sula,  in  Northern  Canada,  within 
the  Arctic  Circle,  has  Boothia  Gulf  on  the  W.,  Fury  and 
Hecla  Strait  on  the  N.,  and  Fox  Channel  on  the  K  It  in 
250  miles  long  and  100  miles  in  breadth. 

MeI'vin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ford  co..  111.,  on  the  Oilman, 
Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  92  miles  N.E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church. 

Melvin,  a  post-office  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich. 

Melvin,  a  hamlet  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  about  50  miles 
N.  of  Chattanooga.  Here  is  the  Bledsoe  Institute.  Post- 
office,  Orme's  Store. 

Melvin,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Melvi'na,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  Maspeth. 

Melvina,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis. 

Melvin  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  2  or  3 
miles  from  Phelps.     It  has  a  church. 

MeI'vin  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

Melvin's  Mills,  a  station  of  Merrimack  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Bradford  township,  on  the  Concord  <fc  Claremont  Railroad, 
25  miles  W.  of  Concord. 

Melvin  Village,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
on  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Conoord. 

Melyknt,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Melikut. 

Meizo,  mSl'zo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2576. 

Membrilla,  mSm-breel'yS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  4919. 

Membrio,  m£m'bre-o,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1820. 

Memee,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.    See  Meehe. 

Memel,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Niemen. 

Memel,  mdm'^1  or  m&'m^l,  a  town  and  seaport  of 
Prussia,  at  the  N.  end  of  the  Curische-Haff,  where  the 
Dange  falls  into  the  Baltic,  72  miles  N.E.  of  Konigsberg. 
Lat.  55°  43'  42"  N.;  Ion.  21°  6'  12"  E.  It  is  defended  by 
a  citadel.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  an  important  railway, 
and  stands  near  the  N,  extremity  of  the  German  Empire. 
The  town  is  divided  into  three  quarters, — the  Old,  the  New, 
and  Frederick's  town,  with  three  svburbs.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  admiralty  and  several  provincial  courts,  and  contains 
an  exchange,  theatre,  hospital,  infirmary,  a  superior  town 
school,  a  school  for  navigation,  an  industrial  school  and 
house  of  refuge  for  children,  besides  a  gymnasium  and  town 
high  school.  Its  manufactures  consist  of  woollen  and  sail- 
cloth, lumber,  spirits,  beer,  oil,  castings,  candles,  soap,  <fec. ; 
but  the  great  source  of  its  prosperity  is  its  trade,  which  is 
very  extensive,  and  consists  chiefly  of  timber,  com,  flax, 
hemp,  potash,  linseed,  and  colonial  produce.  Memel  is  an 
entrepdt  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Western  Russia.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  received  from  Russia,  besides  hemp  and  flax, 
are  oil,  tallow,  wool,  and  yarn.  In  exchange  she  takes 
cotton,  sugar,  coffee,  wine,  spices,  and  other  colonial  prod- 
uce. The  harbor  of  Memel  is  large  and  safe,  and  ha*  a 
depth  of  water  from  14  to  17  feet.  It  is  provided  with  ex- 
tensive docks  and  a  good  light-house.  Ship-building  is 
carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent.     Pop.  19,796. 

Memfi,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Menfi. 

Memmate,  the  Latin  name  of  Mende. 

Memmingen,  mim'ming-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Iller,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Augs- 
burg. It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  handsome  town 
hall,  an  arsenal,  barracks,  a  lyceum,  academy  of  music,  and 
manufactories  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics,  hosiery, 
ribbons,  oil-doth,  and  copper-  and  iron-wares.     Pop.  7762. 

Memoo'sic  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lake  co.,  runs 
N.W.  into  Manistee  co.,  and  enters  the  Manistee  River  at 
the  village  of  Manistee,  which  is  on  Lake  Michigan. 

Mem'ory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa,  about  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Mem'phis  (Coptic,  Afom/and  Men/or  Menph),  an  ancient 
city  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  banks  of  the  Nile,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Cairo.  It  is  said  to  have  been  built  by  Menes, 
the  first  king  of  Egypt;  and  in  the  time  of  Abulfeda, 
about  11342,  its  remains  were  very  extensive.  Of  later 
time^  however,  almost  every  trace  of  its  existence  had  dii 


MEM 


A-x 


D^^'   ji^^  p  ri 


v^ 


MEN 


appeared,  except  a  solitary  colossal  statue  of  Sesostris.  But 
extensive  explorations  have  been  carried  on  here,  resulting 
in  several  interesting  discoveries,  among  which  inay  be 
mentioned  an  avenue  or  passage  bordered  on  each  side  by 
images  of  sphinxes,  amounting  in  all  to  about  140,  and  an 
immense  subterranean  cemetery,  with  tombs  like  vast  chests 
of  polished  granite  hewn  from  a  single  block  of  stone. 

Mem'phiS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tombigbee  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Memphis,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Jeflfersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.     It  has  2  churches. 

Memphis,  a  village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Memphis,  a  post-ofSce  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Fort  Scott,  Southeastern  &  Memphis  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Memphis,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  the  Belle  River,  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Port  Huron,  and  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
cheese-factory,  2  foundries,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Memphis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo., 
is  in  Jefferson  township,  near  the  E,  bank  of  the  North 
Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  A  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 44  miles  W.  of  Keokuk,  and  about  70  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Hannibal.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  an 
academy  or  high  school,  and  7  churches.    Pop.  (1890)  1780. 

Memphis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township,  40  miles  W.  of  Chillioothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Memphis,  Onondaga  co.,  N.T.     See  Cajtton. 

Memphis,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Shelby  co., 
Tennessee,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
just  below  the  mouth  of  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  4th  Chick- 
asaw Bluff,  420  miles  below  St,  Louis,  209  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Nashville,  and  826  miles  above  New  Orleans.  Lat.  35°  8' 
N. ;  Ion.  90°  5'  W.  It  is  the  most  populous  and  important 
town  on  the  river  between  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans,  and 
occupies  the  only  eligible  site  for  a  commercial  depot  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  Vicksburg,  a  distance  of  650  miles. 
The  bluff  on  which  it  stands  is  elevated  about  60  feet  above 
high-water  mark,  and  its  base  is  washed  by  the  river  for  a 
distance  of  3  miles,  while  a  bed  of  sandstone  projects  into 
the  stream  and  forms  a  convenient  landing.  The  city  con- 
tains many  churches,  both  white  and  colored,  5  academies, 
a  public  library,  a  number  of  national  and  other  banks,  a 
chamber  of  commerce,  about  60  public  free  schools,  a  cotton 
exchange,  a  custom-house,  a  large  hospital,  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic college,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  6  daily  and  14 
weekly  newspapers  and  several  monthly  periodicals.  Mem- 
phis is  a  centre  at  which  meet  ten  railroads, — the  Illinois 
Central,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis,  the  Kan- 
sas City,  Memphis  &,  Birmingham,  the  Little  Rock  &,  Mem- 
phis, the  Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans 
&  Texas,  the  Memphis  <fc  Charleston,  the  Newport  News  4 
Mississippi  Valley,  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern, 
and  the  Tennessee  Midland.  The  river  is  deep  enough  to 
float  the  largest  ship  of  war  from  this  place  to  its  mouth, 
and  the  navigation  is  open  in  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
This  city  is  one  of  the  leading  cotton  marts  of  the  country, 
and  ships  annually  more  than  500,000  bales.  Its  large  manu- 
factures are  carried  on  in  many  establishments, — foundries, 
machine-shops,  oil-mills,  lumber-mills,  planing-mills,  Ac. 
Here  are  the  Pioneer  Cotton-Mills,  with  more  than  6000 
spindles  and  consuming  over  1,000,000  pounds  annually. 
According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  capital  em- 
ployed in  industries  reported  for  Memphis  was  $7,986,888, 
and  the  value  of  products  $11,800,455.  In  foundries  and 
machine-shops  $1,308,750  was  employed,  and  in  the  cot- 
ton-seed oil  and  cake  industry,  $1,511,632.  In  each  of 
these  industries  the  value  of  products  exceeded  $1,000,000. 
Pop.  in  1850,  8841 ;  in  1860,  22,623 ;  in  1870,  40,226 ;  in 
1880,  33,592 ;  in  1890,  64,495. 

Memphis  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Ky. 

Memphremagog.     See  Lake  Memphremagog. 

Mem'ramcook,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Memramcook  River,  and  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  19  miles  from  Moncton. 

Mena,  mi'ni,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  and 
48  miles  E.  of  Chernigov,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Desna.  Pop. 
2000.     It  was  important  in  the  tenth  century. 

Menado,  m^-ni'do,  or  Manado,  mi-ni'do,  a  Dutch 
town,  capital  of  Menado  residency,  on  the  coast  of  Celebes, 
near  its  N.E.  extremity.  Lat.  1°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  30'  E. 
It  exports  large  cargoes  of  coffee,  raised  in  its  vicinity,  and 
has  also  an  export  trade  in  rice  and  gold-dust.  Pop.  of 
town,  about  6000;  of  residency,  226,815. 


Medadoo,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Main  1  Diec. 

Meaae,  the  ancient  name  of  Mined. 

Meiiaggio,  mi-n&d'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  government  of 
Milan,n5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Se- 
nagra,:'on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Lago  di  Como.     Pop.  1270. 

Mehai  (mfin'i)  Strait,  a  channel  of  Wales,  separating 
the  ishnd  of  Anglesea  from  Carnarvon.  It  is  about  11 
miles  long,  and  its  navigation  is  in  some  places  hazardous. 
It  is  crossed  by  2  great  structures,  the  Menai  bridge  and  the 
Britannia  bridge,  about  a  mile  apart.  The  former,  which 
is  a  suspension-bridge,  was  executed  at  a  cost  of  £211,791. 
The  distance  between  the  supporting  pyramids  or  points 
of  suspension  is  560  feet.  The  Britannia  bridge,  an  iron 
tubular  structure,  consists  of  two  lines  of  tubes,  each  1513 
feet  long,  supported  on  three  towers,  besides  the  shore  abut- 
ments, 100  feet  above  the  sea.    Whole  cost,  £601,865. 

Menal'len,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Menal- 
len  township,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Gettysburg.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1814.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Bendersville. 

Menallen,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1376. 

Menam,  m^-n&m',  or  Mei-Nam,  m&^e-n&m'  or  mi^- 
n&m'  ("  mother  of  waters"),  one  of  the  large  rivers  of 
Southern  Asia,  rises,  according  to  native  accounts,  in  the 
table-land  of  Tun-Nan  (China),  traverses  the  centre  of 
Siam,  and,  after  a  S.  course  estimated  at  SOO  miles,  enter* 
the  Gulf  of  Siam  by  3  mouths. 

Menamah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Manama. 

Menam-Kong,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Mekong. 

Menan,  or  Little  Menan,  an  island  of  the  United 
States,  Maine,  off  Steuben  Harbor.  It  has  a  light-bouse 
with  a  tower  25  feet  high.     See  Grand  Manan. 

Menancabow,  or  Menankabau,  m&-n&n^k&-bdw', 
a  state  of  Sumatra,  comprising  a  territory  in  its  W.  part. 
The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Mohammedans,  and  they  carry 
useful  arts  to  a  greater  perfection  than  any  other  people  of 
Sumatra.  They  are  now  partially  tributary  to  the  Dutch 
of  Padang. 

Me^nand's',  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Albany  to  Troy,  3  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Menard,  me-nard',  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sangamon  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  that  river  and  Salt  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  com,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Jackson- 
ville division  of  the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad  and  by  the 
Jacksonville  Southeastern  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Petersburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,735;  in 
1880,  13,024;  in  1890,  13,120. 

Menard,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
San  Saba  River,  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  grass,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Cattle 
are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Menardville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  667;  in  1880,  1239;  in  1890,  1215. 

Menard 'ville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Menard  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  San  Saba  River,  150  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory. 

Menariacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mertille. 

Menars-la-Ville,  a  town  of  France.     See  Mer. 

Menas-Albas,  mi'nis-il'bis,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  3738. 

Menash'a,  a  post-village  in  Menasha  township,  Win- 
nebago CO.,  Wis.,  is  at  the  N,  end  of  Winnebago  Lake,  and 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Fox  River,  which  here  issues  from 
the  lake.  It  is  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oshkosh,  6  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Appleton,  and  nearly  i  mile  N.  of  Neenah. 
It  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches,  a  / 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  grist- 
mills, a  pottery,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  paper,  staves,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  and 
wooden-ware.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  Menasha  and 
Fond  du  Lac,  30  miles  distant.     Pop.  in  1890,  4581. 

Menat,  m§h-n4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dflme,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  2154. 

Menbrilla,  a  town  of  Spain,     See  Membrilla. 

Menchia  (or  Menchyeh),  El,  51  mfin'chee^a,  a  large 
town  at  a  short  distance  S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Menconico,  m5n-kon'e-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Pavia,  8  miles  from  Bobbio.     Pop.  1187. 

Mendaua  Islands.    See  Marquesas, 

Mendavia,  m§n-di've-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre. 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1983. 


MEN 


1805 


MEN 


Illendey  mfiNd  (L.  Memmate),  a  town  of  France,  capital 
of  the  department  of  LozSre,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lot, 
75  miles  N.W.  of  Avignon.  Pop.  6239.  It  is  situated  on 
the  slope  of  Mount  Mimat,  is  enclosed  By  boulevards,  and 
has  a  fine  cathedral  with  2  spires,  an  episcopal  palace,  now 
the  prefecture,  a  public  library,  a  chamber  of  manufactures, 
and  considerable  manufactures  of  serges  and  other  woollen 
stufifs. 

Mendefi,  or  Mendefy,  mfin'dfh-fee^  a  lofty  moun- 
tain of  Africa,  S.  of  Mandara.    Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  14°  25'  E. 

Mendeli,  a  mountain  of  Greece.    See  Pbntelicus. 

Mendeli,  mdn-di'lee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Bagdad. 

Menden,  mSn'd§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  12 
miles  W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  4435. 

Men'denhall's,  township,  Newberry  co.,  S.C.  P.  1675. 

Mender^  mSn'd^r,  or  Memder,  min'd§r,  written  also 
Mendere  (anc.  M«an'der),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  is 
formed  by  two  streams,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Afioom  Kara  His- 
«ar,  flows  generally  W.S.W.,  and  enters  the  ^gean  Sea  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ayasoolook,  after  a  course  of  upwards  of 
200  miles.  On  the  banks  are  traces  of  the  ancient  cities 
Apamea,  Antiochia  ad  Mxandrum,  and  Miletus. 

Alender,  Meinder,  or  Mendere,  a  river  of  Asia 
Minor,  plain  of  Troy,  rises  in  Mount  Ida,  flows  N.W.,  and, 
after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  about  60  miles,  past  the  site  of 
Troy,  enters  the  Hellespont  at  its  mouth.  Some  geogra- 
phers identify  it  with  the  Simois,  but  Schliemann  and 
many  others  believe  it  to  be  the  Scamander  of  antiquity. 

Mender,  Kootchook,  Turkey.    See  Caysteh. 

Mendham,  mend'am,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co., 
N.J.,  in  Mendham  township,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morris- 
town.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  about 
400 ;  of  the  township,  1573.     The  township  has  5  churches. 

Mendig,  mfin'dia,  Niedeb,  nee'd^r,  and  Ober,  o'b^r, 
two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  government  and 
15  miles  W.  of  Coblentz. 

Mendigorria,  mSn-de-goR'Re-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Navarre,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1755. 

Men'dip  Hills,  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  in  the  N. 
central  part  of  the  county.     Length,  24  miles. 

Men'dlesham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  16J 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  of  parish,  1243. 

Mendocino,  men-do-see'no,  a  northwestern  county  of 
California.  Area,  3694  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  Russian,  Eel, 
and  Novarro  Rivers.  The  Coast  Range  of  mountains  ex- 
tends along  the  E.  border.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains  and  fertile  valleys.  Wheat,  oats,  barley,  hay, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products,  and  lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  This  county  has  extensive  forests  of  red- 
wood {Sequoia  sempervirena),  an  evergreen  tree,  which  is 
an  excellent  timber.  It  is  traversed  by  the  San  Francisco 
&  North  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Ukiah.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7545;  in  1880,  12,800;  in  1890,  17,612. 

Mendocino,  or  Big  River,  a  post-village  of  Mendo- 
cino CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  Big 
River,  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a  good 
harbor  accessible  to  large  vessels,  several  hotels,  a  news- 
paper oflSee,  and  a  large  steam  saw-mill.  Pop.  473.  Here 
is  Mendocino  Post-OflSce.    See  Cape  Mendocino. 

Mendocino,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  2690. 

Men'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  30  miles 
E.  of  Shingle  Springs.    It  has  marble-works. 

Mendon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  Adams 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad 
(Carthage  division),  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  school-house  which  cost  $18,000, 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  501 ;  of  the  township,  1796. 

Mendon,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1181, 
exclusive  of  McGregor  and  North  McGregor. 

Mendon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  boots.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  919. 

Mendon,  a  post- village  in  Mendon  township,  St.  Jo- 
aeph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  71  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and  14  miles  N.  of  Sturgis.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school, 
a  newspaper  oflace,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  sash, 
blinds,  staves,  Ac.    Pop.  (1890)  808 ;  of  the  township,  1803. 

Mendon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

Mendon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy and  2  churches.  The  township  also  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Honeoye  Falls,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  c'  2991. 


Mendon,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the  St. 
Mary's,  and  on  the  Toledo,  Delphos  &  Burlington  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mercer.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  164. 

Mendon,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mendon,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah 
Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Logan,  and  about  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Corinne.     It  has  a  church. 

Mendon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mendon  township,  Rutland 
CO.,  Vt.,  4  mild  N.E.  of  Rutland,  and  about  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Killington  Peak.  It  has  a  church  and  lumber-mills. 
Here  is  fine  mountain-scenery.    Pop.  of  the  township,  612. 

Mendon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mendon  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Rochester.  It 
has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a  grist-mill. 

Mendo'ta,  a  city  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in  Mendota  town- 
ship, is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  undulating  prairie,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  at  the  E.  terminus  of  the 
Mendota  &  Clinton  Railroad,  84  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago, 
16  miles  N.  of  La  Salle,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon.  It 
contains  10  churches,  2  high  schools,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  the  Mendota  College  (Lutheran),  2  newspaper 
ofBces,  a  public  library,  an  organ-factory,  a  foundry,  flour- 
ing-mills,  gas-works,  and  manufactories  of  carriages.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3542;  of  the  township,  excluding  the  city,  795. 

Mendota,  a  post-village  in  Mendota  township,  Dakota 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Minnesota,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
4  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a 
church.  Pop.  about  250;  of  the  township,  682.  Pilot 
Knob,  near  this  village,  commands  an  extensive  view. 

Mendota,  a  post-oflSce  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Unionville. 

Mendota,  or  West'port,  a  post-village  in  Westport 
township,  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Men- 
dota, and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  hospital  for  the 
insane.     Pop.  627.     The  post-ofiSce  is  named  Mendota 

Mendota  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  middle  of  Dane 
CO.,  and  is  6  miles  long  by  4  miles  wide.  It  is  the  largest 
of  the  Four  Lakes,  and  was  formerly  called  Fourth  Lake. 
Madison,  the  capital  of  Wisconsin,  is  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 
this  lake,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats  and  is  en- 
vironed with  beautiful  scenery.  The  water  is  deep  and 
pure.    See  Menona  Lake. 

Mendoza,  mdn-do'zi  or  mSn-do'thi,  a  river  of  the 
Argentine  Republic,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Andes,  lat. 
32°  35'  S.,  near  the  volcano  of  Aconcagua,  and  falls  into 
Lake  Quanacache,  lat.  32°  S.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Mendoza,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
having  N.  and  E.  the  provinces  of  San  Juan  and  San  Luis, 
W.  the  Andes,  and  S.  an  unsettled  region.  Area,  54,000 
square  miles.     Capital,  Mendoza.     Pop.  160,000. 

Mendoza,  a  city  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  level  plain  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the  Para- 
millo  range,  2891  feet  above  sea-level,  lat.  32°  53'  S.,  Ion. 
68°  45'  W.,about  55  miles  E.S.E.  from  the  volcano  of  Acon- 
cagua. It  is  compact,  well  built,  for  the  most  part  of  sun- 
burnt bricks  plastered  and  whitewashed,  and  contains  some 
fine  buildings.  The  houses  have  gardens  and  orchards  at- 
tached to  them.  In  1869  it  was  overthrown  by  an  earth- 
quake. Mendoza  is  an  entrepdt  for  the  trade  between 
Buenos  Ayres  and  Chili,  with  which  latter  it  communicates 
by  the  mountain-passes  of  Uspallata  and  Portillo.   P.  20,000. 

Mendrisio,  m5n-dree'se-o,  the  most  southern  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Como,  with 
2337  inhabitants,  a  college,  and  a  Capuchin  convent. 

Meuee'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Michi- 
gan township,  on  the  Frankfort  &  Kokomo  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church. 

Menekau'ne,  a  post- village  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  on 
Green  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Menomonee  River,  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Oconto,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwest- 
ern Railroad.     It  is  1  mile  from  Marinette  Station. 

Men'ert,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A 
Western  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Pekin,  HI. 

Menes,  m&^ndsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Arad.     It  has  a  fine  castle.     Pop.  6601. 

Menetou-Salon,  m&'n^h-too'-si-IdN*',  a  market-town 
of  France,  in  Cher,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bourges.    Pop.  962. 

Menfi,  mdn'fee,  Memfi,  mim'fee,  or  Menfrici,  mdn- 
free'chee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Sciacca.  P.  9642. 

Meng^doon',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  province  of 
Pegu.     Pop.  4194. 


MEN 


1806 


MEN 


Mengen,  mdng'^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Danube,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sigmariugen.     Pop.  2264. 

Mengeringhansen,  mSng'er-ing-hSw^z§n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  12  miles  N.  of  Waldeck.     Pop.  1413. 

Menge's  (mSngz)  Mills,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Hanover  &  York  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Menie,  me'nee,  or  Seymour  (see'miir)  £a8t,  a  post- 
village  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Belleville.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Men'ifee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  Is 
drained  by  the  Licking  and  Red  Rivers.  Area,  150  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
torn,  oats,  and  grass  are  staples.  It  is  partly  traversed  by 
the  Kentucky  &  South  Atlantic  Railroad.  Capital,  French- 
burg.     Pop.  in  1870,  1986;  in  1880,  3755;  in  1890,  4666. 

Menin,  meh-n4ii»'  (Flem.  Meenen,  mi'nen),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  and  on  the  French 
frontier,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Courtrai.  Pop.  8628.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lace,  woollen  stuffs,  and  tobacco. 

Menjeel,  Meiyile,  mfin-jeel',  or  MenziI,mSn-zeel', 
a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan,  on  the  confines  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reshd. 

Men'lo  Park,  a  post-village  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Menlo  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Raritan  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  New 
Brunswick  with  New  York,  7  miles  E.  of  the  former. 

Mennetou- sur- Cher,  min^n^h-too'-silR-shaiR,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Cher.     Pop.  1066. 

Mennevret,  m4n^n§h-vri',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aisne,  arrondissement  of  Vervins.     Pop.  2206. 

Mennighiifien,  mdn'nia-hurf^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2141. 

Mennikorl,  mSn-ne-koRl',  a  village  of  Russia,  in  £s- 
thonia,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wesenberg.     Pop.  2000. 

Men'no,  a  post-township  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1173. 
Menno  Post-Office  is  16  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown,  and  is  in 
Kishacoquillas  Valley. 

Men'oken,  a  post-office  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Menola,  the  ancient  name  of  Yelez  Malaga. 

Menom'inee,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  the  most  south- 
ern part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  Area,  about  1362  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Green  Bay,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Menominee  River.  It  is  also  drained  by 
Cedar  River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <k 
Northwestern  and  Milwaukee  &  Northern  Railroads.  Cap- 
ital, Menominee.  Pop.  in  1870,  1791;  in  1874,  3490;  in 
1880,  11,987;  in  1890,  33,639. 

Menominee,  a  station  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Galena. 

Menominee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Menominee  co., 
Mich.,  is  on  Green  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Menominee 
River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Chicago 
Jk  Northwestern  Railroad,  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of 
Green  Bay.  It  has  2  banks,  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  5  churches,  a  town  hall,  a  blast-furnace,  6  lumber- 
mills,  a  brewery,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  in  1890, 10,630  ; 
of  the  township,  additional,  1666. 

Menominee,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 

Menomonee,  or  Menomonie,  a  post- village,  capi- 
tal of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  in  Menomonee  township,  on  the  Red 
Cedar  River,  2  miles  S.  of  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad 
(Menomonee  Station),  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Eau  Claire, 
and  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  saw- 
mill, and  2  fine  public  school  buildings,  and  has  an  extensive 
trade  in  lumber.    Pop.  (1890)  5491 ;  of  the  township,  7124. 

Menomonee,  township,  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.   P.  2348. 

Menomonee  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Menomonee 
township,  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on  a  oreek  of  the  same  name, 
3  miles  from  Granville  Railroad  Station,  and  about  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  haa  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  farming-implements  and  of  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  about  400. 

Menom'onee  (or  Menominee)  River  is  formed 
by  the  Michigamie  and  Bois  Brul6  Rivers,  which  unite  on 
the  boundary  between  Wisconsin  and  the  upper  peninsula 
of  Michigan.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  and  Menominee  co., 
Mich.,  and  enters  Green  Bay  at  the  village  of  Menom- 
inee. The  main  stream  is  about  125  miles  long.  See  also 
Red  Cedar  River. 


Menom'onee  River,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  risei 
in  Washington  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Mil- 
waukee River  at  its  mouth  at  the  city  of  Milwaukee. 

Meno'na  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  one  of  the  chain  of 
Four  Lakes  in  Dane  co.,  and  was  formerly  called  Third 
Lake.  It  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  city  of  Madison,  and 
is  less  than  a  mile  distant  from  Lake  Mendota.  It  is  about 
6  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide.  A  short  outlet  or  creek 
issues  from  it  and  enters  Lake  Waubesa. 

Menoof,  or  Menouf,  min-ooP,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
in  Menoofeeyeh  province,  on  the  canal  which  connects  tne 
Rosetta  and  Damietta  branches  of  the  Nile,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  indigo-works,  a  manufacture  of 
mats,  and  a  government  school. 

Men'oofee'yeh,  or  Menufieh,  men^oo-fee'y§h,  a 
province  of  Lower  Egypt,  bounded  E.  in  part  by  the  eastern 
arm  and  traversed  by  tne  western  arm  of  the  Nile.  Chief 
towns,  Menoof  and  Sheybeen,  the  capital.     Pop.  449,347 

Menorca,  an  island  of  Spain.     See  Minorca. 

Meno'ti,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

Menovghat,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Manavghat. 

Mens,  mfts",  a  town  of  France,  in  Is^re,  25  miles  S.  of 
Grenoble.     Pop.  1951. 

MenselinskjorMenzelinsk,  mdn'zfh-linsk^atown 
of  Russia,  on  the  Ik,  an  affluent  of  the  Kama,  goverument 
and  135  miles  N.W.  of  Oofa.     Pop.  4879. 

Menst'elden,  mSns'fdl-d^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  1014. 

Menshieh,  or  £1  Menshieh,  dl  mSn'shee'^h  (anc. 
Ptolema'ia),  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Girgeh,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile.  It  has  nitre-worki 
and  a  government  cotton-factory. 

Mens'trie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Clackmannan 
and  Perth,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  518. 

Menteith,  Scotland.    See  Monteith. 

Menton,  m6N»^t6N"'  (It.  Mentone,  mfin-to'n^),  a  towu 
of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  situated  on  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 14  miles  in  direct  line  or  24  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Nice.     It  is  a  favorite  sanitary  resort.     Pop.  11,000. 

Men'tor,  a  post-office  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Waverly. 

Mentor,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Mentor  town- 
ship, on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleve- 
land, and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Painesville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  contains  a  summer 
resort  named  Little  Mountain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1650. 

Mentor,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  654. 

Mentrida,  mdn-tree'D&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
27  miles  N.W,  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2679. 

Mentz,  mSnts  (ano.  Moguntiacum  or  Mogontiaciim ; 
Ger.  Mainz,  mints;  Fr.  Mayence,  mi*y6NSs'),  a  city  of 
Hesse,  capital  of  Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  the  Main,  and  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Frankfort,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail- 
way. It  is  a  fortress,  and  has  a  garrison  of  800  men. 
The  city,  situated  partly  on  a  flat  and  partly  on  an  ac- 
clivity, rises  up  graidually  from  the  Rhine,  in  the  form  of 
an  amphitheatre.  It  is  walled,  flanked  with  bastions,  and 
defended  besides  by  a  citadel  and  several  forts  and  out- 
works. A  bridge  of  boats,  above  1600  feet  long,  connects 
it  with  its  suburb  of  Castel.  The  houses  are  generally 
lofty,  and  have  often  a  venerable  and  noble  appearance ; 
but,  as  many  of  the  streets  are  narrow,  they  exclude  both 
air  and  light,  and  give  several  quarters  of  the  town  a  dark, 
confined  look.  The  Neue  Anlage,  outside  the  gates,  is  the 
principal  promenade,  consisting  of  extensive  public  gar- 
dens, well  laid  out,  and  commanding  fine  views  of  the  city 
and  surrounding  district.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  a  vast  building  of  red  sandstone,  finished  in  the 
eleventh  century,  the  merchants'  hall,  formerly  the  elec- 
toral palace,  the  old  collegiate  church  of  St.  Stephen,  occu- 
pying the  highest  site  in  the  city,  the  church  of  St.  Peter, 
the  Deutsche  Haus,  now  the  governor's  palace,  the  former 
Dalbergische  Palais,  now  used  by  the  courts  of  justice,  the 
library  buildings,  containing,  in  addition  to  the  library,  a 
museum,  with  several  good  collections,  antiquities,  philoso- 
phical and  chirurgical  apparatus,  pictures,  &o.  One  of  the 
interesting  objects  in  the  town  is  the  site  of  the  house  of 
Gutenberg,  the  inventor  of  movable  types.  The  site  is  now 
occupied  by  the  Casino,  or  reading-room,  and  the  rooms  of 
a  literary  association.  An  admirable  bronze  statue  of 
Gutenberg,  by  Thorwaldsen,  stands  in  an  open  space  near 
the  theatre.  The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  leather, 
soap,  hats,  glue,  vinegar,  tobacco,  and  musical  instruments. 
The  trade,  particularly  transit,  is  extensive,  being  greatly 
facilitated  both  by  water  communication  and  railway,  and 


MEN 


1807 


MER 


Aaa  in  recent  times  greatly  increased.  The  principal  arti- 
cles are  wine,  corn,  and  wood.  Mentz  owes  its  foundation 
to  a  Koman  camp,  which  was  converted  into  a  permanent 
bulwark  and  became  the  most  important  of  a  line  of  forts 
built  along  the  Rhine.  On  the  decline  of  the  power  of 
Borne  it  was  almost  entirely  destroyed,  but  it  was  afterwards 
restored,  and  became  the  first  ecclesiastical  city  of  the  Ger- 
man Empire,  of  which  its  archbishop-elector  ranked  as  the 
premier  prince.     Pop.  in  1880,  61,328 ;  in  1890,  72,281. 

Mentz,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2303.  It 
contains  Port  Byron. 

3Ienafieh,  Egypt.     See  Menoopeeyeh. 

Menus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Main. 

Menuthias  (Insula).    See  Zanzibar. 

Menyhard,  the  native  name  for  Mannersdorf. 

'Menzaleh,  mfin^zi'l^h,  one  of  the  great  lagoons  of 
Lower  Egypt,  immediately  S.B.  of  Damietta,  separated  by 
a  narrow  sand-bank  from  the  Mediterranean,  with  which  it 
communicates  by  3  openings.  Length,  60  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  25  miles.  6  receives  the  Pelusiac  and  Tanitic 
branches  of  the  Nile.  This  lake  is  traversed  by  the  Suez 
Canal ;  a  canal  from  it  also  joins  the  Nile  N.  of  Mansoorah. 

Menzaleh,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  lake  of  the  same  name,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Damietta. 

Menzelinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Menselinsk. 

Menzil,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Mbnjeel. 

Menzingen,  mSnt'sing-^n,  a  market-town  of  Baden, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1506. 

Menziugen,  mfint'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zug.     Pop.  2211. 

Meorgis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Mojacar. 

Meppel,  mSp'p^l,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Drenthe,  on  the  Havelter,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Assen, 
Pop.  7378. 

Meppen,  mSp'p^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  3128. 

Mep'pen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  oo.,  111.,  15  miles 
W.  of  Jerseyville. 

Mequinenza,  mi-ke-nfin'thi  (anc.  Ootoge'sa),  a  town 
and  fort  of  Spain,  province  and  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Huesca, 
on  the  Ebro,  at  the  influx  of  the  Segre.     Pop.  2890. 

Mequinez,  orMekinez,  mSk'^-nSz,  sometimes  writ- 
ton  Mekines,  or  Meknas,  a  city  of  Morocco,  province 
and  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fez.  Pop.  60,000.  It  stands  in  a 
fertile  valley,  is  large,  better  built  than  Morocco,  and  has 
a  palace  considered  the  finest  in  Morocco,  and  often  the 
residence  of  the  emperor. 

Me'quon,  a  township  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  3139. 
It  contains  Mequon  River,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  Lake 
Michigan.  Mequon  Railroad  Station  is  on  the  Milwaukee, 
Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Ozaukee. 

Mequon  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ozaukee  co..  Wis., 
in  Mequon  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  near  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  2i  miles  from  Mequon  Station, 
•nd  i  mile  S.  of  Thiensville  Station.     It  has  a  brewery. 

Mer,  maiR,  a  French  word  signifying  "  sea,"  as  Mer 
DB  Glace  ("Sea  of  Ice"),  the  name  of  one  of  the  glaciers 
of  Mont  Blanc;  Mer  Morte  ("Dead  Sea");  Mer  Noire 
("Black Sea") ;  Mer  Rouge  ("Red  Sea"),  &c. 

Mer,  mfiR,  or  Menars-la-Ville,  m^h-naR'-li-veel', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Orleans  &  Tours 
Railway,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Blois.  It  has  manufactures  of 
wax,  lime,  leather,  and  ropes.     Pop.  3467. 

Mer  and  Ser,  two  contiguous  summits  of  the  Hima- 
layas, in  the  N.  part  of  the  Punjab,  in  lat.  34°  N.,  Ion.  76° 
E.,  both  conical  and  of  nearly  the  same  height,  but,  while 
one  is  white  with  snow,  the  other  is  uniformly  bare. 

Mera,  mi'rSh\  Also,  srsho',  and  Felso,  fSl'sho^  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Aba  Uj  Var, 
4  miles  from  Forro.     Pop.  1180. 

Merabing,  mfir-i-bing',  a  town  of  South  Africa,  capi- 
tal of  the  territory  of  the  Mantetis,  in  the  interior,  N.W.  of 
Delagoa  Bay.  It  occupies  the  summit  of  a  long  but  narrow 
ridge,  and  forms  an  important  stronghold. 

Mer  Adriatique.    See  Adriatic. 

Mer'amec,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  907. 
It  contains  Midland. 

Meramec,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  1480. 
Meramec,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.   Pop.  2436. 
It  contains  Glencoe. 
Meramec  Iron- Works,  Missouri.    See  Maramec. 
Meramec  River,  Missouri.    See  Maramec. 
Meramec  Station,  or  Nasby,  a  village  of  St.  Louis 
■>o.,  Mo.,  in  Bonhomme  township,  on  the  Maramec  River,  and 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  wagons.    Here  is 
NasbiT  Post-OflSoe 


Meramichi.    See  Miramichi. 

Meran,  mi'r&n,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  15  milM 
N.W.  of  Botzen,  on  an  afSuent  of  the  Adige.  Pop.  4229. 
It  has  2  monasteries,  a  college,  and  a  seminary.  Near  it 
is  the  mountain-fortress  of  TyroL 

Merande,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Mehbahd. 

Merapi,  mi-ri'pee',  a  volcano  of  Java,  district  of  K»- 
doe.     It  was  in  violent  eruption  September  14  to  17,  1849. 

Merapi,  an  active  volcano  in  the  island  of  Sumatra, 
near  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  0°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  100°  30'  E.  It  i^ 
about  9700  feet  high. 

Mer^asheen',  a  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  on  the  8. 
portion  of  an  island  of  the  same  name,  18  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Placentia.     Pop.  180.     The  island  is  21  miles  long. 

Merate,  m4-r&'t&,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  18  milea 
S.E.  of  Como,  with  a  magnificent  palace.     Pop.  2532. 

Merawe,  a  tract  of  Nubia.     See  Merge. 

Merbes-le-Ch&teau,  mfiRb-l9h-8hl,H5',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mons,  on  the  Sam- 
bre.     Pop.  1150. 

Merbidery,  m^r^be-dir'ree,  a  town  of  British  India, 

S residency  of  Madras,  in  South  Canara,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
[angalore,  and  with  various  handsome  Jain  pagodas,  its 
population  being  chiefly  of  the  Jain  sect. 
Mer  Blanclie,  the  French  for  the  White  Sea. 
Mercadal,  miR-k&-d&l',  a  town  of  the  Balearic  Islands, 
Minorca,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Mahon.     Pop.  4000. 

Mercara,  or  Merkara,  m£r-k&'r&,  also  called  Madi- 
kere,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Coorg,  and  of  the  Mercara  district,  67  miles  W.  of  Seringa- 
patam.  It  has  a  cool  and  healthful  climate.  Pop.  8146. 
The  district  of  Mercara  has  an  area  of  265  square  miles. 
Pop.  168,312. 

Mercatello,  mSR-ki-tSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Urbino,  on  the  Metauro.     Pop.  2269. 

Mercato-Sarraceno,  miR-k&'to-saR-R&-chi,'no,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Forli.  P.  6532. 
Merced,  mer-sid',  a  county  of  California,  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  2270  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin  River,  which  runs  N.W., 
and  also  drained  by  the  Mariposa  and  Merced  Rivers,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  wool,  wheat,  and  barley 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  several 
branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  two  of  which 
meet  at  Merced,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2807 ;  in  1880, 
6656;  in  1890,  8085. 

Merced,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  67  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton. 
It  is  in  the  great  Sacramento  Valley,  which  is  almost  tree- 
less. It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  several  other  publishing-houses,  a  hotel, 
planing-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  wagons,  soda-water,  shoes,  Ac.  Great  quantities 
of  wheat  (the  staple  product  of  Merced  co.)  are  shipped 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1446;  in  1890,  2009. 

Mercedes,  mfiR-si'dfis,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, 70  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Pop.  4080. 
It  carries  on  an  active  trade  with  Montevideo. 

Mercedes,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  on  the  Rio  Negro,  150 
miles  N.W.  of  Montevideo.  It  has  many  elegant  build- 
ings, and  a  large  trade  in  wool  and  cattle-products,  and  is 
noted  as  a  resort  for  invalids,  the  waters  of  the  river  at  this 
point  being  considered  medicinal.     Pop.  5000. 

Merced  (mer-sid')  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Merced  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Merced  River,  6  miles  above  Snelling.  It  hai 
a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Merced  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  is  formed  by  two  branches,  called  respectively  the  Mer- 
ced and  the  Tenaya  Fork.  It  runs  through  the  Yosemite 
Valley  for  a  distance  of  about  8  miles.  In  the  upper  part 
of  the  valley  or  cafion  it  descends  more  than  2000  feet  in  a 
distance  of  2  miles.  A  little  above  the  mouth  of  the  Te- 
naya Fork  the  Merced  forms  two  cataracts,  called  the  Ne- 
vada Fall  and  Vernal  Fall,  the  first  of  which  has  a  vertical 
descent  of  639  feet.  After  it  issues  from  the  Yosemite 
Valley  the  river  runs  nearly  westward  through  Mariposa 
CO.,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin  River  in  Merced  co.  lU 
length  is  estimated  at  160  miles.  Gold  is  found  near  this 
river.     See  Nevada  Fall. 

Mercenasco,  mdR-ohi-n&s'ko,  or  Marcenasco, 
maR-chi-nlLs'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  6 
miles  from  Ivrea.     Pop.  of  commune,  2164. 

Mercer,  a  northwestern  county  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Iowa.  Area,  about  555  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Edward's 
and  Pope's  Creeks.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  di 


MER 


1808 


MER 


versified  with'  prairieB  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian com,  wheat,  oats,  horses,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  and  Rock  Island  A  Peoria  Railroads.  Capital, 
Aledo.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,769;  in  1880,  19,502;  in  1890, 
18,545. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.B.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  also  drained  by  Dick's 
River,  Chaplin  River,  and  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River. 
The  scenery  along  the  Kentucky  and  Dicks  Rivers  in  this 
county  is  very  grand  and  picturesque.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  walnut, 
beech,  poplar,  pine,  ash,  hickory,  and  sugar-maple.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  hemp,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  <k 
Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect  with  Har- 
rodsburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,144;  in  1880, 
14,142;  in  1890,  15,034. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  484  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Weldon  River,  and  also  drained  by  Medi- 
cine Creek  and  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  walnut,  sugar-maple,  <feo.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &,  Pacific  and  Des  Moines  &  Kansas 
City  Railroads,  the  former  of  which  passes  through  Prince- 
ton, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,557;  in 
1880,  14,673;  in  1890,  14,581. 

Mercer,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  N.B.  by  the 
Millstone  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Assunpink  Creek, 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest-trees  are  the  oak, 
hickory,  and  chestnut.  This  county  has  quarries  of  red 
sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia  A  Read- 
ing Railroad,  also  by  the  Delaware  &  Raritan  Canal.  Both 
of  the  above-named  railroads  communicate  with  Trenton, 
the  capital  of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
46,386;  in  1880,  58,061;  in  1890,  79,978. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Dakota,  has  an  area  of  711  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Knife  River.     Capital,  Stanton.     Pop.  in  1890,  428. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  borders  on 
Indiana.  Area,  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wubash  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests 
of  the  ash,  elm,  beech,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  sugar-ma- 
ple, and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western,  Cincinnati^ 
Dayton  k  Ohio,  and  Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinaw  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Celina.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,254;  in  1880, 
21,808;  in  1890,  27,220. 

Mercer,  a  western  county  of  Pennsylvania,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Shenango  River,  and  also  drained  by  Ne- 
shannock,  French,  Pymatuning,  and  Sandy  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  pine,  ash,  sugar-maple,  hick- 
ory, oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  lumber,  and  flax  are  the  staple 

Eroducts.  This  county  has  abundance  of  good  bituminous 
lock  coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  & 
Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Shenango  &  Lake  Erie 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Mercer.  Sharon 
is  the  largest  town.  Pop.  in  1870,  49,977 ;  in  1880,  56,161 ; 
in  1890,  55,744. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Blue  Stone 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  mountains,  fertile 
valleys,  and  extensive  forests*  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest-trees  is  the 
sugar-maple.  This  county  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of 
the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Princeton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7064;  in  1880,  7467;  in  1890,  16,002. 


Mercer,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  in  Mercer 
township,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  X 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  846. 

Mercer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Delphos  <t  Burlington  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Delphos 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  73.  ■ 

Mercer,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  478.  ' 

Mercer,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on 
Neshannock  Creek,  and  on  the  Shenango  <k  Alleghany 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  Castle  A  Franklin  Rail- 
road, about  15  miles  E.  of  Sharon,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New 
Castle,  and  56  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  j 
oflSces,  4  churches,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  (1890)  213S.       ' 

Mercer  Salt-Works,  a  post-oflSce  of  Summers  co., 
W.  Va.,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hinton. 

Mercer's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mer'cersbarg,  a  post-borough  in  Montgomery  town- 
ship, Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  20J  miles  S.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  contains  8 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2  carriage-factories,  a 
female  seminary,  and  the  Mercersburg  College  (Reformed), 
which  was  organized  in  1865.     Pop.  971. 

Mercersburg  Junction,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  branch  leading  to  Mercersburg,  which  is  2^ 
miles  distant. 

Mercer's  Gap,  a  poet-office  of  Comanche  oo.,  Tex. 

Mercer  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muhlenburg  oo., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Greenville. 

Mer'cerville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  oo.,  N.J.,  4  or  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Trenton. 

Mercerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Guyaa 
township,  about  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ghillipolis.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mercerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  12  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Louisa  Court-House. 

Mer'chantville,  a  post-borough  of  Camden  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Stockton  township,  4  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Camden, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  both  steam  and  electric  rail- 
ways. It  has  5  churches,  numerous  handsome  residences, 
and  a  hotel.     Pop.  in  1880,  429;  in  1890,  1225. 

Merchantville,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.T., 
in  Thurston  township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmira. 
It  is  6  miles  W.  of  Campbell  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  lumber-mill,  3  stores,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Merchingen,  mdrK'ing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Kessach.     Pop.  1135. 

Merchtem,  m^Rs't^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  East  Flanders,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Furnes.     Pop.  4886. 

Mercia,  mer'she-%  (anc.  Fla'via  Ctesarien'sis),  one  of 
the  old  kingdoms  of  the  Saxon  heptarchy,  occupying  the 
centre  of  England,  and  comprising  all  the  modern  counties 
between  the  Thames  on  the  S.,  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire 
on  the  N.,  the  kingdoms  of  East  Anglia  and  Essex  on  the 
E.,  and  Wales  on  the  W.  It  was  the  largest  and  one  of 
the  most  powerful  states  of  the  Saxon  confederacy,  and  waf  - 
founded  in  582,  from  which  period  it  remained  independent 
until  its  conquest  by  Egbert,  King  of  Wessex,  in  827.  Ita 
capital  city  was  Leicester. 

Merckem,  mdnk'k^m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3536. 

Mercceur,  mdR^kun',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Cor- 
rSze,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1035. 

Mercogliano,  mdn-kftl-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  3  miles  W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3090. 

Mer'cur,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Mercurago,  m^R-koo-r&'go  (L.  MercuHacum),  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  Lago  Maggiore,  1  mile  from 
Arona.     Pop.  1465. 

Mer'cnrjr,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  about  16 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Anderson. 

Mer'cury  Bay,  New  Zealand,  on  the  N.E.  side  of  North 
Island,  in  lat.  36°  48'  S.,  Ion.  175°  45'  E. 

Mercury- Gemiliy,  mfiR^kiiVee'-zh^h-mee'yee',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Savoy,  2  miles  W.  of  Albert-Ville.  Pop. 
1678. 

Mercury  Islands,  a  group  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  the 
North  Island  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  56°  36'  S. ;  Ion.  174° 
50'  E.  Great  Mercury  and  Red  Mercury  are  the  largest, 
but  all  are  small.  Mercury  Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  New 
Zealand  coast,  just  S.  of  the  Mercury  Islands. 

Mer'curyville,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  CaL 

Mer'cyrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Macon  City.     Pop.  79. 

Mer  de  Glace  ("sea  of  ice").    See  Mont  Blanc. 


MER 


1809 


MER 


Mer  des  fndes.    See  Indian  Ocean. 

Merdin,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Mardeen. 

Merdingen,  a  village  of  Germany.     See  Mordingen. 

Merdrignac,  m^RMreen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Cfttes-du-Nord,  15  miles  E.  of  Loud€ac.     Pop.  878. 

Mer  du  Nord,  the  French  for  the  North  Sea. 

Mer  du  Sud,  a  French  name  for  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mere,  meer,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  1382. 

Mer'edith,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Cloud  co., 
Kansas,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Salina.    Pop.  of  township,  338. 

Meredith,  a  township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.II.  Pop. 
1807.     It  contains  Meredith  Centre  and  Meredith  Village. 

Meredith,  a  post-village  in  Meredith  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  of  Delhi,  and  66  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1390. 

Meredith,  Venango  co.,  Pa.     See  Miller  Farm. 

Meredith  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meredith  town- 
ship, Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Concord,  It 
has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  <fec. 

Meredith  Hollow,  a  post-oflBce  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 

Meredith  Village,  a  post-village  in  Meredith  town- 
ship, Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  western  shore  of  Winnepe- 
saukee  Lake,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  <k  Montreal  Rail- 
load,  37  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  savings-bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  manufactory  of 
hosiery,  a  saw-mill,  &o.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
scenery.     Pop.  in  1880,  850;  in  1890,  1642. 

Mer'edithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Hicksford.     It  has  2  churches. 

Meredosia,  mSr^e-do'shee-a,  a  post-village  in  Mere- 
dosia  township,  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  621 ;  of  the  township,  1349, 

Merend,  or  Mehrend,  Persia.     See  Mehrand. 

Meretch,  Meretsch,  or  Merecz,  mi-r5tch',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  56  miles  S.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the 
Niemen.     Pop.  2800. 

M6r6ville,  mi^riVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  37  miles  S.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  fine  park.     Pop.  1641. 

Merewari,  mi-r4-wi'ree,  or  Mareguare,  m4-ri- 
gwi'ri,  a  river  of  Guiana,  rises  about  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  65° 
W.,  and  unites  with  the  Erevato  to  form  the  Caura  an 
affluent  of  the  Orinoco. 

Mergan'ser,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon,  about 
60  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Mount  Shasta,  Cal.    It  has  a  hotel. 

Mergenthal,  or  Gross  Mergenthal,  groce  min'- 
6hen-ta,r,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Buntzlau,  N.N.E. 
from  Leitomischl.     Pop.  1200. 

Mergentheim,  mdR'oh^nt-hime\  or  Marienthal, 
mi-ree'§n-tir,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Tauber,  56 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  4021. 

Merghem,  a  town  of  France.     See  Merville. 

Merghen,  mSR'ghfn,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  110  miles 
S.W.  of  Saghalin-Oola, 

Mergozzo,  mjR-got'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  5  miles  from  Pallanza.     Pop.  2056. 

Mergui,  or  Merghi,  mSr'ghee',  a  town  of  British  Bur- 
mah,  in  Tenasserim,  capital  of  Mergui  district,  on  an  island 
in  the  delta  of  the  Mergui  River,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  12°  27' 
N. ;  Ion.  98°  42'  E,  It  has  a  good  port  for  small  vessels,  a 
hospital,  cantonments,  and  an  export  trade  in  sharks'  fins, 
trepang,  ivory,  sapan-wood,  and  tortoise-shell.     Pop.  9877. 

Mergni,  the  southeasternmost  division  of  British  Bur- 
mah  and  of  the  Anglo-Indian  empire,  in  Tenasserim, 
bounded  E.  by  Siam,  and  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  in  which 
lie  many  islands  belonging  to  the  district.  Area,  7760 
square  miles.     Capital,  Mergui.     Pop.  47,192. 

Merida,  mfiR'e-oi  (anc.  Emer'ita  Augua'ta),  a  city  of 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadi- 
ana,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  Roman  bridge  of  81  arches  and 
2575  feet  in  length.  It  has  a  large  convent,  2  churches,  2 
hospitals,  and  a  prison,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  extensive 
Roman  remains,  including  an  amphitheatre,  a  circus,  a  thea- 
tre, baths,  and  a  triumphal  arch  in  good  preservation.  Au- 
gusta Emerita  was  founded,  25  B.C.,  by  a  Roman  general, 
under  the  Emperor  Augustus.  It  afterwards  became  the 
capital  of  Lusitania,  and  the  most  magnificent  city  in  Roman 
Spain.  It  capitulated  in  715  to  the  Moors,  from  whom  it 
was  taken  again  by  Alonzo  el  Sabio  in  1229,  and  became 
attached  to  the  kingdom  of  Castile.  From  that  day  the 
province  and  city  date  their  decline,  Lat,  38°  51'  N,;  Ion. 
6°  15'  W.     Pop.  about  5500. 

Merida,  meR'e-d&,  a  city  of  Mexico,  the  capital  of  Tuca- 
tan,  lat.  20°  50'  N.,  Ion.  89°  40'  W.,  26  miles  S.  of  the  port 
of  Progreso,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad.     It  is 


well  built  of  stone,  with  many  pleasant  open  squares,  and 
has  good  legislative  buildings,  a  college,  and  a  large  and 
growing  trade.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  exports  are  sisal 
hemp,  hides,  deer-skins,  logwood,  <fco.  There  are  manufac- 
tures of  rope,  hammocks,  leather,  castings,  Ac.    Pop,  45,000, 

Merida,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Los  Andes,  on  the  Chama,  310  miles  S,W,  of  Caracas. 
Before  its  destruction  by  an  earthquake  in  1812,  it  was  the 
largest  city  in  Venezuela;  and  it  is  again  flourishing, 
having  a  cathedral,  ecclesiastical  seminary,  and  college,  and 
woollen-manufactures.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  12,000. 

Meriden,  mSr'I-d§n,  a  city  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  18  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  New  Haven,  and  connected  by  rail  with  Cromwell 
and  Waterbury.  The  city  is  situated  partly  in  a  valley 
and  partly  on  a  hill.  It  is  known  as  the  Silver  City,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  of  New  England's  cities. 
The  capital  invested  in  manufacturing  is  over  $10,000,000, 
the  annual  product  therefrom  exceeding  $26,000,000.  The 
manufactures  include  electro-plated  and  solid  silver-ware, 
brass  and  bronze  goods,  lamps,  chandeliers,  clocks,  tinware, 
cutlery,  steel,  steel  pens,  malleable  iron  goods,  firearms, 
organs,  cut-glass,  woollen  goods,  saddlery,  harness  and 
leather  goods,  power  and  stamping  presses,  coffee-mills,  4c. 
The  Meriden  Britannia  Company  employs  nearly  1500  hands 
and  have  an  annual  output  of  over  $3,000,000.  Meriden 
contains  the  state  reform  school,  3  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  IS  churches,  high  and  graded  schools,  1  weekly  and 
3  daily  newspaper  offices,  and  gas-  and  electric-light- works. 
The  streets  are  lighted  by  arc  lights.  Meriden  was  a  part 
of  Wallingford  from  1725  to  1806,  when  it  was  incorporated 
as  a  town.  It  was  made  a  city  in  1867.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  25,423  ;  of  the  city,  21,652. 

Meriden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meriden  township,  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  80  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Meriden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Topeka. 

Meriden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  99  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Winona,  and  36  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  834. 

Meriden,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Lebanon  Station,  and  about  45  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Concord.  It  contains  2  churches  and  the  Kimball  Union 
Academy,  capable  of  accommodating  about  350  students. 

Meriden,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Rockaway 
township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Rockaway  Station, 

Meridian,  me-rid'e-§,n,  a  post-village  of  Sutter  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  60  miles  above  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Meridian,  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  328. 

Meridian,  a  station  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Covington. 

Meridian,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish.  La. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Ingham  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  township,  1407. 

Meridian,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lauderdale  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  135  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Mobile,  96  miles  E.  of  Jackson,  and  107  miles  W.  of 
Selma,  Ala.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Vicksburg  k 
Meridian  Railroad,  and  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Alabama 
<fc  Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  2  female  colleges,  2  banks,  a  cotton-factory,  a 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  has  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, sash,  blinds,  Ac,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  tri- 
weekly and  3  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,264. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  of  Jeff'erson  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Blue  River,  2i  miles  from  Alexandria  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  in  Cato  township,  Cayuga  co,, 
N,Y,,  2  miles  from  Cato  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Auburn,  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  Ac, 

Meridian,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bosque  oo,,  Tex,, 
on  the  Bosque  River,  45  miles  from  Waco,  about  124  miles 
N,  of  Austin,  and  10  miles  W,  of  the  Brazos  River.  It  hns 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  in  Rock 
Creek  township,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  14  miles  below 
Eau  Claire.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  lumber-mill,  and  • 
shingle-mill.  Here  is  the  Meridian  Slough,  a  good  natural 
reservoir  for  logs.     Pop.  about  300. 

Merid'ianville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  Ala., 
about  9  miles  N.  of  Hunteville.  It  has  3  churches  and  1  or 
2  flour-mills. 

Meridional,  a  river  of  Braril.    See  Ltjii-Altis. 

Mer^Komish'.  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  Piotou  oo.,  on 


^    \  P     '  WU'^«::i  t>\  M  l^vrvv^y 


iforthumberland  Strait,  13  mile*  .p,  of  New  Glasgow.  It 
eontains  2  stores  and  a  saw-mill.  ^Timber  is  shipped  from 
this  port.  Coal  and  iron  are  found  in  extensive  beds  in  the 
vicinity.    Ship-building  is  largely  engagM^n.     Pop.  400. 

Merim,  a  lake  of  South  America,     See 

Meriuo,  m^-ree'no,  a  village  in  ProvidencK^.,  R.I. 
on  the  Providence  <k  Springfield  Railroad,  3i  miltetL  from 
Providence. 

Merion,  mSr'e-9n,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Montgomery  cc,  PaT^ 
and  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  it  is  on  the  Schuylkill  River, 
2  miles  above  Norristown. 

Merion,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.  of  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Merioneth,  mSr'e-on'eth,  or  Mer'ion^ethshire,  a 
maritime  county  of  North  Wales,  having  W.  Cardigan  Bay. 
Area,  602  square  miles.  Surface  mountainous,  in  many 
parts  well  wooded,  and  intersected  by  fine  vales.  Principal 
summits,  Arran-Fowdy,  2955  feet,  and  Cader-Idris,  2914 
feet  in  height.  Principal  rivers,  the  Dee,  Maw,  and  Dyfi. 
Small  lakes  are  numerous,  and  that  of  Bala,  the  largest  in 
North  Wales,  is  in  this  county.  Soil  mostly  poor,  and 
suited  only  for  pasturage.  Welsh  ponies  of  the  purest  breed 
are  nearly  confined  to  this  county  and  Montgomeryshire. 
Mineral  products  are  slate  and  lime,  at  Corwen  and  Fes- 
tiniog,  with  some  lead  and  copper,  at  Barmouth,  Towyn,  Ac. 
Chief  towns,  Dolgelly  (the  capital),  Bala,  Harlech,  Corwen, 
and  Towyn.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    Pop.  (1891)  49,204. 

Mer  lonienue,  the  French  name  of  the  Ionian  Sea. 

Merionville,  mfir'e-9n-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery 
eo.,  Pa.,  ^  mile  from  Merion  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Meritch,  a  town  of  India.    See  Merritch, 

Mer'iwether,  a  county  in  the  W,  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Flint  River,  and  is  drained  by  several  creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Several  medicinal  springs 
are  found  in  this  county.  The  Warm  Springs  discharge 
about  1400  gallons  in  a  minute,  and  have  a  temperature  of 
90°  Fahr.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  of 
Georgia  Railroad  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Greenville, 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,756;  in  1880,  17,651;  in  1890,  20,740. 

Meriwether,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of 
Baldwin  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Milledgeville.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill.  About  600  bales  of  cotton  are 
•hijxped  here  annually. 

Merj  Iboo  Ameer,  Palestine.    See  Esdraelon. 

Merk,  mfiak,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo,  of  Szathmar, 
Pop,  1594. 

Merkah,  mfiR'ki,  or  Mar'kah,  a  seaport  town  of  East 
Africa,  45  miles  S.W,  of  Magadoxo,  Pop,  about  3000.  It 
is  stone-built,  was  founded  by  Arab  traders,  and  belongs  to 
Zanzibar, 

Merkara,  a  town  of  India,    See  Mbrcara. 

Merkelsdorf,  m^R'k^ls-doRr,  or  Merklinerhof, 
mfiRk-lee'n^r-hor,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  from 
Trautenau.     Pop,  1100, 

Merkez,  mdr-kdz',  a  village,  castle,  and  river  in  Syria, 

6  miles  N.  of  Iskanderoon,  on  the  E.  side  of  its  bay. 
Merklingen,  mSnk'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 

13  miles  W,  of  Stuttgart.     Pop,  1332. 

Merkliugen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Ulm.     Pop.  840. 

Merlara,  mfiR-li'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Padua,     Pop.  2687. 

Merleac,  mjR^li'ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  COtes-du- 
Nord,  9  miles  N.W,  of  LoudSac.     Pop.  1737. 

Merlera,  miR-l&'r&,  the  most  N.  of  the  Ionian  Islands, 
In  the  Mediterranean,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Corfu. 

Merlerault,  Le,  France.    See  Le  MERLiRAuiiT. 

Mer'Iin,  or  Smith's  Corners,  a  post- village  in  Kent 
CO.,  Ontario,  9  miles  from  Charing  Cross. 

Mer'maid,  a  post-ofl&ce  of  New  Castle  oo,,  Del,,  about 

7  miles  AV,  by  N,  of  AVilmington. 

Mer  M^diterran^e.    See  Mediterranean  Sea, 

Mermenteau,  orMermentau,  mer^men-t3',  a  lake 
in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  about  10  miles  from  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  It  is  about  33  miles  long.  Nearly  half  of  it 
is  in  Cameron  parish,  and  the  other  part  is  in  Vermilion. 

Mermenteau,  or  Mermeutau,  a  post-hamlet  of  St, 
Landry  parish,  La.,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  church. 

Mermenteau  River,  Louisiana,  a  navigable  stream 
formed  by  the  Bayous  Nezpique  and  Plaquemine  Brul6, 


i8ia  ■)  v-> 

— r 


^   T 0\AM'\\y>jf^ 


MER 


whicH  unite  in  the  S.W,  part  of  St.  Landry  parish,  Ij 
runs  B.W.,  passes  through  the  N.W.  part  of  Mermenteau 
Lake,!  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  Cameron  parish. 

M^rmeriko,  mfir-mi-ree'ko,  a  village  of  Senegambia, 
on  the  Falemg.    Lat.  13°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  20'  W. 

Mpr  Morte.     See  Dead  Sea. 

MiernersTille,  Ontario.    See  Mildmay, 

M|er  Noire.    See  Black  Sea, 

ro'a,  a  post-oflSce  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  18  mile* 
of  Charles  City, 

rog,  mSr'o-e,  or  Merawe,  m5r'a-wi,  Isle  of,  a 
wide  tract  in  South  Nubia,  between  the  Nile  and  its  tribu- 
tary the  Atbara,  Length,  400  miles ;  breadth,  200  miles. 
The  ruins  of  the  ancient  Meroe  are  in  its  N,  part,  on  the 
E,  bank  of  the  Nile,  26  miles  N,E.  of  Shendy ;  and  on  a 
part  of  its  site  is  the  modern  town  of  the  same  name,  with 
a  manufactory  of  indigo  and  some  large  corn-magazines. 

Me'roni,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  finely  situ- 
ated in  Gill  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  a  bluff 
200  feet  high,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Vincennes.  Here  is 
the  Union  Christian  College,  which  was  organized  in  1 858. 
Merom  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  426. 

Me^roo',  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  co.  of  Welling- 
ton, flows  W.N.W.  to  the  Cudgegang,  an  affluent  of  the 
Maoquarie.     It  furnishes  rich  gold  diggings. 

Mer  Orientate.    See  China  Sea. 

Mer'rellsville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lenox  township,  4  miles  from  Wampsville, 

Merriam,  mfir're-am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co,,  Ind,. 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Fort'Wayne. 

Merriam  Junction,  a  station  in  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Shakopee. 
A  short  railroad  extends  hence  to  Carver. 

Mer'rick,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  Prairie  Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulating 
flain,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
ndian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Union  PaciGc  Railroad.  Area, 
440  square  miles.  Capital,  Central  City,  Pop,  in  1870, 
557:  in  1880,  6341 ;  in  1890,  8758. 

Merrick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y,,  on  the 
South  Side  Railroad,  26  miles  E,  of  Brooklyn,  It  has  a 
chuich. 

Merrick's  Store,  apost-offioe  of  Pointe  Coup6e parish. 
La.,  on  the  Atchafalaya  Bayou, 

Mer'rickton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co,,  Md., 
near  Coxe's  Station, 

Mer'rickvilie,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Delaware 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad, 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Delhi. 

Mer'rickvilie,  a  village  in  Qrenville  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Rideau  Canal,  26  miles  E.  of  Perth.  It  has  good  water- 
power,  several  churches,  a  newspaper  oflice,  3  hotels,  15 
stores,  saw-,  grist-,  and  shingle-mills,  3  iron-foundries,  a 
woollen-factory,  &c.     Pop.  923. 

Mer'rill,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  lUilroad,  18  miles  N,N,E.  of  Sioux 
City.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  160, 

Mer'rillan,  or  Mer'rilion,  a  post-village  in  Alma 
township,  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minne- 
sota Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad, 
66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winona,  44  miles  E,S,E.  of  Eau  Claire, 
and  53  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  extensive  water- 
power,  a  flouring-mill,  several  saw-mills,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  monejtorder  post-office. 

Merrill's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Mer'rillsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y„  2'* 
miles  W.  of  Au  Sable  Station. 

Mer'rilltown,  a  post-office  of  Travis  co.,  Tex. 

Mer'rillville,  a  post-office  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal. 

3Ierrillville,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ross 
township,  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Crown  Point.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  260. 

Merrimac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Skunk  River,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Merrimac,  a  hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Vermilion  River,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Manhattan. 

Merrimac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co,,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Campbellsville. 

Merrimac  (formerly  West  Amesbury),  a  post- 
village  in  Merrimac  township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Merrimac  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  A  Maine 
Railroad,  8  miles- N.E,  of  Haverhill.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  felt  shoes. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2633. 


MER 


1811 


MER 


Merriinac,  Missouri.    See  Maramec. 

Merriraac,  a  station  in  Ormsby  oo.,  Nev.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia A  Truekee  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Carson  City. 

.>lerrimac,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  oo.,  N.H., 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Merrimao  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Concord  Railroad  and  the  Souhegan  River. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Thornton's  Ferry.  Merrimao 
Station  is  7  miles  N.  of  Nashua.  The  township  has  manu- 
factures of  carpets,  woollen  goods,  furniture,  <&c.   Pop.  1066. 

Merrimac,  a  post-village  in  Merrimac  township,  Sauk 
00.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  here  crossed  by  a  fine 
bridge,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  26 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Baraboo.  It 
has  a  church,  2  or  3  hotels,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  8S6. 

Merrimack,  or  Merrimac,  mir'r^-mak,  a  county 
in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Hampshire,  has  an  area  of 
about  909  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Merrimac 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Contoocook,  Black,  and 
Sunoook  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  maple, 
pine,  oak,  <fco.,  are  found.  Among  its  prominent  features  is 
Mount  Kearsarge,  which  rises  2943  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes, 
Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  abundance  of  granite  and  valuable  quarries  of  building- 
stone.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  railroads  named  the  Boston 
&  Maine  and  the  Concord  &  Montreal.  Capital,  Concord, 
which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 42,151 ; 
in  1880,46,300;  in  1890,49,435. 

Merrimac  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  111., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Waterloo. 

MerVimacport'  (formerly  South  Amesbury),  a 
post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  finely  situated  on  the  Mer- 
rimac River,  in  Merrimac  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Haver- 
hill, and  1  mile  from  Merrimac  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Merrimac  River  rises  in  New  Hampshire  among  the 
White  Mountains,  and  runs  nearly  southward  through  the 
008.  of  Merrimac  and  Hillsborough,  from  the  latter  of 
which  it  passes  into  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.  Below  Lowell  it 
runs  eastward  and  northeastward,  intersects  Essex  co.,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  2  miles  below  Newburyport. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles,  exclusive  of  the  Pem- 
igewasset,  which  is  its  largest  branch.  Vessels  of  200  tons 
can  ascend  it  to  Haverhill,  about  16  miles.  The  chief  cities 
on  its  banks  are  Lowell,  Lawrence,  Haverhill,  and  Newbury- 
port, in  Massachusetts,  and  Manchester,  Nashua,  and  Con- 
cord, in  New  Hampshire.  It  affords  abundant  water-power, 
which  is  employed  in  numerous  manufactories. 

Mer'riman,  a  post-oflSce  of  Eastland  co,,  Tex. 

Mer'rimon,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C. 

Merritch,  or  Meritch,  mSrVitch',  a  considerable 
town  of  India,  72  miles  S.E.  of  Sattarah,  near  the  Kistnah, 
on  the  banks  of  which  are  a  handsome  ghaut  and  pagoda. 

Mer'ritt,  a  post- village  of  Scott  co..  111.,  on  the  Rock- 
ford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Chapin, 
and  about  10  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  several  stores. 

Merritt,  a  township  of  Bay  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  316. 

Mer'ritton,  or  Tho'rold  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on  the 
Great  Western  Railway,  34  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hamilton. 
It  has  several  churches,  cotton-mills,  a  paper-mill,  saw- 
and  grist-mills,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Mer'ritt's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  South  Edisto  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Aiken.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  bridge  over 
the  river.     Here  is  a  bed  of  kaolin. 

Merritt's  Lauding,  post-office,  Marquette  co..  Wis. 

Mer'rittstown,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  oo..  Pa.,  on 
Dunlap's  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  churches. 

Mer'rittsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  oo.,  S.C, 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Greenville  Court-House.  It  has  a 
ohurch,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery. 

Merrittsvilie,  Ontario.     See  Wblland. 

Mer  Rouge.     See  Red  Sea. 

Mer'row  Station,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Willimantic  River,  and  on  the  New  London  North- 
ern Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich. 

Merrum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Marrith. 

Mer'ryall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wyalusing  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Soranton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Mer'ry  Hill,  a  township  of  Bertie  oo.,  N.C.     P.  1114. 

Merry  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Warren  oo.,  N.C. 


Merry  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Raleigh  A  Augusta  Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Merry  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 

Mersa  Dahab,  a  port  of  Arabia.    See  Dahab. 

Mersclieid,  mdR'shit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  3  miles  W.  of  Solingen.     Pop.  10,017. 

Merse,  mfirs,  or  March,  a  district  of  Scotland,  form- 
ing the  S.  part  of  Berwickshire. 

Mer'sea,  a  finely-wooded  island  of  England,  in  Essex, 
in  a  bay  of  the  North  Sea,  connected  with  the  mainland  hj 
a  long  causeway  covered  at  high  water. 

Mer'seburg  (Ger.  pron.  mSR'8§h-b35RO*),  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Saale,  and  on  the 
Thuringian  Railway,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop. 
13,664.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral,  ptA- 
aces,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  school  of  surgery,  and  manufac- 
tories of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  paper,  tobacco,  vinegar, 
and  excellent  beer. 

Merse  burg,  mdR's^h-bSSRO^  a  government  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  bounded  N.  by  Hanover.  Area,  3942  square 
miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Elbe.  The  minerals 
are  of  great  value,  and  include  silver,  lead,  copper,  iron, 
coal,  and  lignite.     Pop.  903,931. 

Mers-el-K6bir,  miRS-fil-ki^beeR'  (Sp.  Mazalquivir, 
mi-THiPkee-veeR'),  a  town  and  seaport  of  Algeria,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Oran.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and  has  a  good 
harbor.     Pop.  1486. 

Mersey,  m^r'zee,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  co.  of  Derby,  and  flows  W.,  mostly  between  the 
COS.  of  Chester  and  Lancaster,  till  it  expands  into  the  spa- 
cious estuary  or  arm  of  the  Irish  Sea  which  forms  Liver- 
pool harbor.  Length,  60  miles.  Chief  affluent,  the  Irwell, 
to  the  junction  of  which  it  is  navigable  for  large  vessels. 

Mer'shon's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurel 
CO.,  Ky.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Livingston.  It  has  a  tobacco- 
factory. 

Mersina,  or  Mersyna,  mSr-see'na,  a  seaport  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean,  province  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Adana,  of  which  it  is  the  port.    It  has  an  extensive  trade. 

Mertendorf,  mfiR't^n-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  13 
miles  from  Auscha.     Pop.  1046. 

Merthyr-Tydvil,  m^r'TH^r-tid'vil  or  tad'vil,or  Mer- 
thyr-Tydfil,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the 
Taff,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  22  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cardiff.  It  has  sprung  up  from  a  mere  village  to  a  place 
of  great  extent  and  importance,  and,  though  consisting 
generally  of  irregular  assemblages  of  workmen's  houses, 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and  communicating  by 
two  bridges,  has  undergone  important  changes,  which  have 
greatly  improved  its  sanitary  condition  and  general  appear- 
ance. It  has  many  good  shops  and  dwellings,  and  near  its 
centre  is  one  of  the  most  spacious  market-places  in  Wales. 
The  public  buildings  and  institutions  include  about  30  places 
of  worship,  belonging  chiefly  to  the  Wesleyan  and  other 
Methodists,  Independents,  Baptists,  Ac,  national  and  other 
schools,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  theatre,  and,  in  the  vicinity, 
Cyvartha  Castle  and  park,  and  Pen-y-Darren  House.  The 
town  owes  its  prosperity  to  its  situation  near  the  centre  of 
the  valuable  coal-  and  mineral-field  of  South  Wales.  The 
mines  are  extensively  worked,  and  important  iron-works 
have  been  established.  The  borough  is  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  a  stipendiary  magistrate.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  environs  are  many 
handsome  residences.  Pop.  of  parish,  61,137 ;  of  the 
borough  (including  Aberdare  and  parts  of  Llanwonno  and 
Vainor),  117,194. 

Mertola,  mfiR-to'14  (anc.  MyrtilU),  a  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo,  on  the  Guadiana,  66  milea 
S.  of  Evora.     Pop.  3236. 

Mer'ton,  a  village  of  England,  in  Surrey,  i  mile  S.  of 
Wimbledon.     Pop.  of  parish,  2139. 

Mer'ton,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Merton 
township,  about  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Faribault.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  685. 

Merton,  a  post-village  in  Merton  township,  Waukesha 
00.,  Wis.,  on  Bark  River,  5  miles  from  Hartland  Station, 
and  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  3 
churches.  The  township  contains  several  small  lakes,  and 
hamlets  named  North  Lake,  Stone  Bank,  and  Monohes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1522, 

Mertz'town,  a  post-village  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Rending.  It 
has  a  church. 

M6ru,  mi^rii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  16  miles  Si  of 
Beauvais.  Pop,  3517,  It  has  manufactures  of  dominoa, 
boards  and  pieces  for  ohess,  toys,  files,  and-  sugar. 

Me^rnd't  a  town  of  India,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah, 


MER 


1812 


MES 


Merv,  Merw,  in4rv,  Meroo,  or  Mern,  mSr'oo  (anc. 
Antioehia  yfargiana .'),  a  walled  town  of  Toorkistan,  do- 
minion and  300  miles  S.S.  of  Khiva.     Pop.  3000. 

Merr,  Merw,  or  Mero,  a  village  of  Thibet,  on  the 
Sutlej,  above  the  Himalayas,  30  miles  E.N.B.  of  Rampoor. 
Merville,  miRVeel',  or  Merghem,  miR'ghJm'  (L. 
Menariacum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the  Lys,  22 
miles  W.  of  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  Uble-linen  and 
embroidery.     Pop.  3104. 

Merwede,  or  De  Merwede,  di  mfiR'^i'd^h,  a  river 
of  the  Netherlands,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Mease 
and  the  Waal. 

Mer'win,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Burrill  township,  6  miles  from  Chartiers  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  wagon- shops. 

Mer'winsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Pa.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Stroudsburg. 

Merwinsville,  Connecticut.    See  GATix>Bii8nu.x. 

^tterxem,  mdrx'^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop,  2242. 

Merxheim,  mdRx'hime,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hease- 
Nassau,  near  Meisenheim,     Pop.  1281. 

Merxplas,  m^Rx'plis,  a  village  of  Belgium,  27  miles 
E.X.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1569. 

M6ry«snr-Seine,  mi'ree'-sUR-sin,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aube,  on  the  Seine,  which  here  becomes  navigable,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Arcis-sur-Aube.     Pop.  1445. 

Merzig,  m^Rt'sie,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
6.  of  Treves,  on  the  Saar.     Pop.  4411. 

Mesada  Nevada,  mi-s&'i>&  ni-r&'Di,  a  mountain  of 
the  Andes,  in  Bolivia.  Lat  16°  30'  S.;  Ion.  67°  52'  W. 
Height,  19,356  feet 

Mesagne,  mi-s&n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  8511. 

Mes'aTille,  a  post-o£Bce  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona,  on  the 
San  Pedro  River. 

Mesched,  or  Meschid,  a  town  of  Persia.  See  Mkshu). 

Meschede,  m&'shi^^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia, 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsberg,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  2678. 

Meschendorf,  Transylvania.    See  Msasc 

Meschiti,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mskbt. 

Mesembria,  the  ancient  name  of  Missirsi. 

Mesen,  a  rirer  and  town  of  Russia.     See  MszB5. 

Mese'na,  a  post-oflSce  of  Warren  co.,  Ga. 

Meseritsch,  Gross,  Moravia.    See  Gross  MESERrrsca. 

Meseritsch,  Wallachisch,  ^il'li-Kish  m&'z^r-itch^ 
m  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Prerau.     Pop.  2606. 

Meseritz,  m&'z^r-its^  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  55 
miles  W.  of  Posen,  on  the  Obra.     Pop.  481S. 

Meshannon,  Pennsylvania.    See  Moshannox. 

MeshVhovsk',  Mest^choTsk',  or  Mieshchowsk, 
mydsh^chSvsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kalooga, 
40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  town  of  Kalooga,     Pop.  5431. 

Mesh'ed\  or  Mush'ed%  written  also  Mesched  and 
Meschid,  a  walled  city  of  N.E.   Persia,  capital  of  the 

Srovince  of  Khorassan,  in  lat.  36°  17'  40"  N.,  Ion.  59°  25' 
L  Pop.  estimated  at  60,000.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain, 
and  has  the  superb  maosoleum  of  the  tm&m  Resa,  the  mag- 
nifioenoe  of  which  is  scarcely  equalled  in  Persia;  but  its 
oolleges  are  in  ruins.  It  has  manufactures  of  velvets,  and 
an  active  trade  with  Bokhara,  Candahar,  Herat,  ifco. 

Meshed-Hossein,  Turkey.    See  Kerbbla. 

Meshpp'pen,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Meshoppen  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York  ReuI- 
road,  47  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  4  churches 
and  several  mills  or  factories.  Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  town- 
ship. 1239. 

Meshop'pen  (or  Meshop'en)  Creek  falls  into  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  in  Wyoming  co..  Pa. 

Mesico,  the  Italian  name  of  Mexico. 

Mesilla,  mi-seel'yi,  a  post-village  of  Donna  Ana  co., 
New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  50  miles  above  SI 
Paso,  Tex.     Pop.  1578. 

Mesiila  Yalley,  or  La  Mesilla,  1&  mi-seel'yi,  a 
tract  or  strip  of  bottom-land,  8  or  10  miles  long,  in  the  S. 

fart  of  New  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Rio  Grande, 
t  owes  its  name,  signifying  "little  plateau"  (from  the 
Spanish  meta,  a  "table"),  to  the  fact  of  its  being  elevated 
a  few  feet  above  the  other  bottom-lands  of  the  river.  In 
this  valley  or  tract  is  also  a  village  called  Mbsilla, 

Mesinum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mezis. 

Mesjid  Ali,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Musjid. 

Meslin-l'Evfique,  m&M4iio'-liV4k',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Hainaut,  18  miles  N.  of  Mens,     Pop.  1873. 

Meso,  m&'so,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Yeniseisk, 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Tazovsk.     Length,  140  miles. 


Me  sol  a,  m&'so-l4  or  m&s'o-l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  31  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Ferrara.     Pop.  6399, 

Mesolonghi,  a  town  of  Greece,    See  Missolonghi, 

Mesopotamia,  mfa'o-po-ti'me-f  (Arab.  Al  Jeteereh, 
or  Al  Jetira,  &1  jAz-ee'rfh,  "the  island"),  the  name  given 
by  the  ancient  Greeks  to  a  country  of  Asia  lying  between 
the  rivers  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  now  comprised  in  the 
vilayets  of  Diarbekir  and  Bagdad,  and  containing  the  cities 
of  Diarbekir,  Mardeen,  Nisibin,  and  Mosul,  with  parts 
of  the'  ruins  of  Babylon  and  Seleucia.  Its  length,  from 
N.W,  to  S.E.,  is  between  600  and  700  miles.  Its  greatest 
breadth  is  near  200  miles,  Mesopotamia  (from  the  Greek 
iu<rof,  mi«6t,  and  woratL6t,  pdtamd$)  signifies  literally  "  be- 
tween the  rivers." 

Mes^opota'mia,  a  post-village  in  Mesopotamia  town- 
ship, Trumbull  oo.,  0.,  on  Grand  River,  5  miles  W,  of  Bloom- 
field  Station,  and  about  42  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  The 
township  has  4  churches,  4  cheese-factories,  and  quarries 
of  fine  building-stone.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

Mesqaite,  mes-keet',  a  post-village  of  Dallas  oo.,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  A  Paoifio  Railroad,  12  miles  £.  of  Dallas.  It 
has  several  stores. 

Mesqnitella,  m&s-ke-t^l'Ii,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1035. 

Messa,  mis'sl,  a  walled  town  of  Morocco,  province  of 
Soos,  60  miles  S,W,  of  Terodant.     Pop.  3000, 

Messac,  mis's&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  IS  miles  N.E.  of  Redon,     Pop.  of  commune,  2312. 

Messana,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Messina. 

Messancy,  m£s's6ii*^8ee'  (Ger,  Meuig,  mit'sio),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  Luxembourg,  4  miles  N,N,E. 
of  Longwy.     Pop.  1300. 

Messe,  mte's^h,  or  Meschendorf,  mish'^n-doaT,  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  27  miles  from  Sch'assburg.    P.  1208. 

Messcjana,  mte-si-ihi'nl,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Algarve,  28  miles  S.W.  of  B^a.     Pop.  1500. 

Messe'ne  (Gr.  M«avifn|),  modern  Mavromati,  mi- 
vro-m&'tee,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  government  of 
Messenia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kyparissia.  It  stands  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Ithome,  on  either  side  of  the  "Black 
Spring"  (the  ancient  fountain  of  Clepsydra),  and  on  the 
site  of  ancient  Messene,  the  remains  of  which  are  extensive. 

Mes'sengenrille,  a  posi-hamlet  of  Cortland  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Syracuse  A  Bingnamton  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of 
Binghamton.     The  railroad  station  is  called  State  Bridge. 

Messenheimer,  mes'sfn-hi^m^r,  or  Meisenhei* 
mer,  a  township  of  Union  oo..  III.     Pop.  1076. 

Messe'nia,  an  ancient  country,  now  a  nome  of  Greece, 
consisting  of  the  S.W.  peninsula  of  the  Morea.     Area,  1228 

square  miles.     Capital,  Kalamata.     Pop.  130.417. Adj, 

and  inhab.  Messenian,  mis-see'ne-^. 

Messer,  Cherokee  oo.,  Kansas.    See  Brownsville. 

Mes'ser's,  or  State  Line,  a  hamlet  in  Rockingham 
00.,  N.H.,  on  the  Massachusetts  line,  and  on  the  Manchester 
A  Lawrence  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Mes'sick's,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Juno- 
tion  A  Breakwater  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Georgetown. 

Messin,  mds^s4i)>',  a  former  district  of  France,  which 
belonged  to  the  province  of  Lorraine,  and  had  Metz  for  it* 
capital.     It  now  forms  a  part  of  German  Lorraine. 

Messina,  m£s-see'n4  (anc.  Zan'eU,  afterwards  Mes$a'- 
na  or  Meue'ne  ;  Fr.  Me»«ine,  mis^seen'),  a  city  and  seaport 
of  Sicily,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Strait  of  Messina,  here  about  2  miles  wide, 
200  miles  S.S.E.  of  Naples.  Lat.  (light)  38°  11'  10"  N.; 
Ion.  15°  34'  45"  K  It  ranks  as  a  fortress  of  the  first  class, 
being  walled  and  defended  by  a  citadel  and  forts.  The 
harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  the  Mediterranean,  is  formed  by 
a  semicircular  strip  of  land,  which,  from  its  resemblance  to 
a  sickle,  suggested  the  original  name  of  the  town,  Zanole, 
in  Greek,  signifying  a  "  sickle."  Within,  the  harbor  has  a 
circuit  of  nearly  4  miles;  it  is  of  great  depth,  and  per- 
fectly secure  in  all  weather.  Messina  extends  above  2 
miles  along  the  bay  and  about  half  a  mile  up  an  acclivity 
which  terminates  in  several  considerable  mountains.  Its 
white  houses  and  numerous  spires  contrast  beautifully  with 
the  dark  green  of  the  olive-,  lemon-,  and  orange-groves 
clothing  the  mountain-slopes.  From  the  upper  portions  of 
the  town  is  obtained  a  magnificent  view  of  the  ocean  and 
the  lofty  mountains  of  the  Italian  continent.  Messina  ia 
for  the  most  part  handsomely  laid  out.  It  is  the  N.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Sicilian  railway  system.  It  has  wide  streets, 
well  paved  with  blocks  of  lava,  of  which  material  most  of 
the  houses  are  constructed.  The  Marina,  a  favorite  prom- 
enade fronting  the  harbor,  is  a  broad  quay,  adorned  with 
statues  and  fountains  ;  immediately  beyond  this  is  a  mag- 
nificent terrace,  once  lined  with  noble  edifices,  of  which  but 


MES 


1813 


MET 


few  Burvived  the  great  earthquake  of  1783.  Owing  to  the 
ooeurrence  of  these  phenomena,  the  houses  in  Messina  seldom 
exceed  two  stories.  Among  the  public  buildings  may  be 
mentioned  the  cathedral,  a  Gothic  structure,  erected  by  the 
Normans  soon  after  their  conquest  of  Sicily ;  the  viceroy's 
palace,  having  a  finely -planted  park;  the  archiepiscopal 
palace,  the  senate-house,  an  exchange,  custom-house,  bank, 
a  large  and  well-endowed  hospital,  a  prison,  2  theatres,  an 
extensive  arsenal,  and  a  large  lazaretto,  besides  about  50 
churches  and  numerous  nunneries.  It  possesses  a  univer- 
Bty  with  a  full  complement  of  professors  in  belles-lettres, 
philosophy,  law,  and  medicine,  a  naval  seminary,  and  an 
extensive  public  library  rich  in  Greek  manuscripts.  Mes- 
sina is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop  and  archi- 
mandrite, and  of  a  Greek  protopope.  Its  manufactures  of 
silk  goods  and  satins  have  long  been  famous,  and  its  com- 
merce is  very  extensive.  Chief  exports,  silk,  fruits,  olive 
oil,  wine,  spirits,  salted  fish,  linseed,  sumach,  essences,  <i;c. 
It  has  valuable  tunny  and  other  fisheries. 

Ancient  Zancle  is  said  to  have  been  founded  1004  years 
B.C.  Its  present  name  was  given  it  by  the  Messenians,  into 
whose  possession  it  came  about  600  B.C.  Charles  of  Anjou, 
in  an  unsuccessful  attack  upon  the  town,  lost  the  greater 
part  of  his  fleet,  and  in  1674  a  Spanish  fleet,  having  block- 
aded the  port,  was  defeated  in  a  great  naval  battle  by  the 
French.  In  1743  the  plague  carried  off  more  than  half  of 
its  inhabitants,  and  by  the  earthquake  of  1783  several  hun- 
dred lives  were  lost  and  its  best  buildings  destroyed.     Pop. 

in  1881,  76,982,  or,  including  suburbs,  126,497. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Messe'nian  (Fr.  Messiwois,  mfis^see^nwi' ;  It.  Mes- 
siNESE,  mSs-se-ni'si).    See  Strait  of  Messina. 

Messina,  a  province  of  Sicily,  bounded  N.  by  the  Tyr- 
rhene Sea,  E.  by  the  Strait  of  Messina  and  the  Ionian  Sea. 
Area,  1768  square  miles.     Pop.  420,649. 

Messina  Springs,  a  sulphur  spring  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  1  mile  from  East  Syracuse  Station.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Messines,  mSs^seen'  (Flem.  Meesen,  mi'z?n),  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  6  miles  S.  of  Ypres. 

Messis,  mSs^sees',  or  Misis,  mis^sees',  a  large  village 
of  Asia  Minor,  18  miles  E.  of  Adana,  beside  the  Jyhoon 
(anc.  Pyr'amua),  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Mopsueatia. 

Messolonghi,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Missolonghi. 

Messon'go,  a  post-oflSce  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Mestanza,  mSs-tin'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1693. 

Mestchovsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Meshchoysk. 

Mesteczko,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Staotl. 

Mesteno,  the  Latin  name  of  Maintenon. 

Mestre,  mfis'tri,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Venice, 
at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  margin  of  a  lagoon.  It  has 
saw-mills,  foundries,  <fcc.     Pop.  9931. 

MesUrezat',  or  Monnt  Vernon,  a  post-village  in 
Bullskin  township,  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Greenliek  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Greenlick  Junction.  It 
has  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  300-. 

Mesurado  (mSs-oo-ri'do)  River,  of  West  Africa, 
flows  S.W.  for  about  300  miles,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  at 
Monrovia. 

Mesurata,  m4s-oo-ri'ti,  a  maritime  town  of  North 
Africa,  dominion  and  112  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tripoli,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Sidra. 

Meta,  mi'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  sea-coast,  province 
of  Naples,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Sorrento.  It  is  noted  for  its 
fine  situation,  ajid  has  2  small  ports.     Pop.  7229. 

Meta,  mi'ti,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Bogota,  and  joins  the  Orinoco  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  500  miles. 

Metabetchonan,  mgt^4-b5t^choo-in',  a  river  of  Que- 
bec, in  lat.  48°  23'  12"  N.  It  is  a  fine  broad  stream,  nav- 
igable for  many  miles  for  large  boats,  and  farther  up  for 
bark  canoes.  It  discharges  its  waters  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake 
St.  John. 

Metaghan,  met'a-g^Ji'j  »  post-village  in  Digby  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  M*ary's  Bay,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Digby. 

Met'al,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1419. 

Metallum,  the  Latin  name  of  Melle. 

Met^amo'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Woodford  co., 
111.,  in  Metamora  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  A 
Alton  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Peoria,  and  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  pablio  park,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  wagons.     Pop.  (1890)  758;  of  township,  1710. 

Metamora,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Metamora  township,  on  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Con- 
nersville.  It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  2  flouring- 
mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1222. 


Metamora,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Metamora  township,  on  the  Detroit  t  Bay  City  Railroad, 
52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Lapeer.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  314;  of  the  township,  1306. 

Metamora,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  state,  in  Amboy  township,  20  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Toledo.    It  ha«  2  charches  and  a  planing-mill. 

Metamora,  Ohio.     See  Matamoras. 

Metamora,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
sauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Catasauqua. 

Metapa,  mi-t&'p&,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  20  milet 
S.S.E.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  near  Lake  Metapa.  P.  4000. 

Metanro,  mi-t6w'ro  (anc.  Metau'rus),  a  river  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  in  the  Marches,  after  an  E.N.E.  course  of  60 
miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  9  miles  S.E.  of  Pesaro. 

Metaxata,  mi-t&x-&'t&,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Cephalonia,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Argostoli. 

Met'calf,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Edgar  oo.,  111., 
on  the  Indiana  So  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  W. 
of  Chrisman. 

Metcalfe,  mSt'k^f,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  several  small  affluents  of  Green  and  Barren  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  in  which  the  oak  and  beech  predominate.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  tobacco,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Edmonton.  Pop.  in  1870,  7934 ; 
in  1880,  9423;  in  1890,  9871. 

Metcalfe,  Ontario.    See  Ossoode. 

Metcalfe's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  A,  Albany  Railroad,  7  milei 
S.  by  W.  of  South  Framingham. 

Metcovich,  mit'ko-viK\  a  town  of  Herzegovina,  24 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mostar.     Pop.  about  500. 

Me'tea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  aboat  9  milet 
N.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mete'deconk,  or  Metetecunk,  a  small  river  of  New 
Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and 
enters  Bamegat  Bay  in  Ocean  co. 

Metedeconk,  or  Burrs'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  .'^rick  township,  on  the  Metedeconk 
River,  5  miles  from  the  sea,  and  4^  miles  E.  of  Lakewood. 
It  has  a  church. 

Metelen,  mi'tfh-l^n,  or  Meteln,  a  town  of  Pnusia, 
in  Westphalia,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Munster.     Pop.  2021. 

Metelin,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Mitylene. 

Metelis,  a  village  of  Egypt.     See  Fooah. 

Meterin,  miH^h-rds"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  S 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hazebrouck.     Pop.  971. 

Meternich,  mi't^r-nis^,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
2i  miles  W.  of  Coblentz. 

Metgermette,  or  Meljarmette,  met^zbdr^mflt',  a 
river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  the  Metgermette  Mountain*,  on 
the  Maine  line,  co.  of  Beauce,  and,  after  receiving  its  N.W. 
branch,  joins  the  RiviSre  du  Loup,  by  which  its  waters  are 
carried  to  the  river  Chaudidre. 

Methamis,  m$h-t4*mees',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vau- 
cluse,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  836. 

Meth'ill,  a  burgh  and  seaport  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  li  miles  W.  of  Leven.     Pop.  648. 

Methimna  Campestris.    See  Medina  dzl  Campo. 

Methone,  the  ancient  name  of  Modon. 

Meth'ow  River  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Washington, 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  near  lat. 
48°  2'  N.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Methu'en,  a  post-town  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Spicket 
(or  Spigot)  River,  with  a  station  on  the  Manchester  & 
Lawrence  Railroad,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lawrence,  and  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  jute, 
and  woollen  goods,  hats,  and  shoes.  It  is  connected  by  a 
street  railroad  with  Lawrence  and  North  Andover.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4814. 

Metfai'ven,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  milet 
W.N.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  950. 

Methye  (mSth'i)  Lake,  a  small  lake  of  British  North 
America,  180  miles  S.  of  Lake  Athabasca,  and  having  at 
its  S.  extremity  Fort  Methye.  Another  Lake  Methye  is 
350  miles  S.W. 

Methymna,  the  ancient  name  of  Molivo. 

Metidja,  or  El  MeticUah,  m&^tee'ji,  a  plain  of  Al- 
geria, between  the  mountains  and  the  sea,  about  85  milet 
long  by  18  miles  in  mean  breadth.  On  it  stands  the  city 
of  Algiers.  It  is  noted  for  its  fertility,  and  is  extensively 
colonized  by  Europeans. 

Metilowitz,  mi'te-lo^i^its,  a  village  of  Aostria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, circle  of  Prerau.     Pop.  1190. 


MET 


1814 


MEX 


itIe'tiS)  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 94i  miles  N.E.  of  RiriSre  du  Loup  en  Bas.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  7  stores,  and  several  mills,  and  has  a  good 
trade  in  grain  and  lumber.     Pop.  250. 

MetiS)  two  rivers  of  Quebec,  entering  the  S.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence.  One,  called  Grande  Metis,  takes  its  rise 
in  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  co.  of  Bonaventure,  and,  running 
N.,  discharges  itself  into  an  expansive  estuary  called  Anse 
aux  Snelles.  It  is  a  good  salmon-stream.  The  other,  called 
Little  Metis,  rises  in  rear  of  the  seigniory  of  Metis,  and 
falls  into  a  small  bay  called  Little  Metis  Harbor. 

Metlili,  mfit-lee'lee,  a  walled  town  of  the  Algerian  Sa- 
hara, Wady  Mzab,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Gardaia. 

Me'toe  Bayou,  Arkansas,  drains  parts  of  Lonoke  and 
Prairie  cos.,  runs  in  a  S.S.B.  direction,  and  enters  the 
Arkansas  River  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas  co.  It  is  nearly 
100  miles  long. 

Meto'men,  a  post-o£5ce  of  Fond  du  Lao  oo..  Wis.,  in 
Metomen  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pond  du 
Lac.  The  township  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  Brandon.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1838. 

Metompkin,  me-tom'kin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack 
CO.,  Va.,  is  near  the  ocean  (with  which  it  communicates  by 
a  navigable  inlet),  23  miles  S.  of  Newtown,  Md. 

Metropoli,  m^h-trop'o-le  (anc.  Oortyniaf),  a  town  of 
Crete,  near  its  centre,  20  miles  S.W.  of  (jandia. 

Metrop'olis,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Metrop'olis,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Massac  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  38  miles  above  Cairo,  and  about  11 
miles  below  Paducah.  It  has  well-paved  streets  100  feet 
wide,  and  stands  on  an  inclined  plane  above  the  highest 
floods.  It  contains  a  banking-house,  a  seminary,  8  churches, 
3  flouring-mills,  a  pottery,  3  large  saw-mills,  a  ship-yard,  a 
tobacco-factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop. (1890)  3673. 
Metska-Gorka,  Prussia.  See  GSrchen. 
Mettet,  mfit'tSt,  or  Met'tez,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1980. 

Mettmann,  m$tt'm&nn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9^ 
miles  N.B.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Dlissel.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  silk  goods,  hardware,  Ac.     Pop.  6500. 

Mettray,  mfltHri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- 
Loire,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Tours,  with  a  celebrated  reform- 
atory for  boys.     Pop.  2344. 

Metnchen,  me-tutch'§n,  a  post-village  in  Raritan  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
New  Brunswick  with  New  York,  and  also  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has 
5  churches.  Here  are  2  stations,  Metuchen  and  Campbells. 
Metz,  mfits  (Fr.  pron.  miss;  anc.  Divodu'rum,  after- 
wards Mediomat'riei  and  Met'tia  or  Me'tia),  a  fortified  city 
of  Germany,  capital  of  Lorraine,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Moselle  and  Seille,  and  at  the  head  of  a  branch  of  the  rail- 
way from  Paris  to  Strasburg,  170  miles  E.  of  Paris.  Metz 
is  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  important  places  in  Ger- 
many, and  its  esplanade  is  one  of  the  finest  promenades  in 
Europe.  It  has  a  citadel  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Moselle, 
a  Gothic  cathedral  with  a  spire  373  feet  high,  a  tribunal 
of  commerce,  a  college,  school  of  engineering,  normal  school, 
a  botanic  garden,  an  arsenal  with  a  cannon-foundry  and 
an  armory,  a  military  hospital,  and  a  public  library.  It  has 
important  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  muslins, 
thread,  needles,  artificial  flowers,  liqueurs,  paper,  wadding, 
plush,  glass,  hardware,  machinery,  and  musical  instruments, 
and  an  active  trade,  being  a  general  entrep8t  for  colonial 
and  foreign  merchandise.  Metz,  under  the  Romans,  rose 
to  considerable  importance,  being  traversed  by  six  grand 
military  roads.  Under  the  descendants  of  Clovis  it  became 
the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Austrasia,  and,  on  the  decline 
of  the  house  of  Charlemagne,  passed  to  the  Emperor  of 
Germany,  who,  in  order  to  make  it  a  barrier  against  France, 
strongly  fortified  it  and  allowed  it  to  possess  an  almost  re- 
publican freedom.  In  1552  it  claimed  the  protectorate  of 
France,  and  ceased  to  be  free.  In  1870  it  surrendered  to 
the  Germans.     Pop.  in  1880,  53,131 ;  in  1890,  60,186. 

Metz,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Angola,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Metz,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Newton. 

Metz,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles 
W.  of  Independence. 

Metz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Metz  township,  Vernon  co..  Mo., 
14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nevada.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
aaw-mill.    Coal  abounds  here 


Metz,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Metzdorf,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Madepalta. 

Metzensiefeu,  mfit's§n-see^f§n,  a  town  of  North  Han* 
gary,  18  miles  W.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Metzig,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Messanct. 

Metzingen,  or  Mezingen,  mSt'sing-^n,  a  town  of 
Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Neckar,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart. 
Pop,  5003. 

MetzoTO,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mezzo vo. 

Men,  muh,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Vilaine  about  3 
miles  above  Pontreau.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Mendon,  muh^ddii"'  (L.  Meudo),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  palace 
and  manufactures  of  glass,  edge-tools,  Ac.     Pop.  6385. 

Menlan,  muhU6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
on  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Paris  ifc  Rouen  Railway,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Poissy.    Pop.  2374. 

Menlebeeck,  mo'l^h-bik^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
South  Brabant,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1900. 

Menlebeke,  mo'l^h-b&^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  10  miles  N.  of  Courtrai.  Pop.  8500.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lace  and  cotton  goods. 

Menng,  mi^Qu"'  (L.  Magdunxitn),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Loiret.  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  11  miles  by  rail 
W.S.W.  (if  Orleans.     Pop.  3122.  ' 

Meurim,  a  town  and  river  of  Brazil.     See  Miarih.         fl 

Meurs,  muRS,  or  Mors,  moRS,  a  town   of  Rhenish   ^ 
Prussia,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Eider.    Pop. 
3411.     It  has  a  normal  school  and  a  town  hall,  in  front  of 
which  are  the  sculptured  lions  found  on  the  site  of  the 
Asciburgum  of  Tacitus. 

Menrsault,  mim^sS'  {Mu'ria  Sal'tu*),  a  village  of 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons, 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  2550. 

Meurthe,  mnnt  (L.  Murta),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  Vosges,  S.E.  of  Saint-Di6,  and  joins  the  Moselle  on  the 
right  at  Frouard,  6  miles  N.  of  Nancy.     Length,  70  miles. 

Mearthe«et-Mo8elle,  muRt-&-m5^zil',  a  department 
of  France,  bordering  on  Germany,  formed  in  1871  of  por- 
tions of  the  departments  of  Meurthe  and  Moselle  remain- 
ing to  France  after  the  cession  of  Alsace-Lorraine  to  Ger- 
many. Area,  2025  square  miles.  It  has  fine  scenery, 
much  fertile  soil,  extensive  vineyards,  great  mineral  wealth, 
and  varied  and  extensive  manufactures.  It  contains  the 
arrondissements  of  Briey,  Nancy,  Lun6ville,  and  Toul. 
Capital,  Nancy.     Pop.  in  1891,  444,150. 

Mease,  muz  (Fr.  pron.  muz;  Dutch,  Macu,  m&s,  or 
Maese,  mi's§h;  anc.  Mo'ta),  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  Id 
France,  department  of  Haute-Marne,  N.E.  of  Langres, 
traverses  the  department  of  Vosges,  where  it  disappears 
underground  near  Bazoilles,  and  re-appears,  4  miles  dis- 
tant, near  Neufchiteau.  In  France  it  passes  Commercy, 
Verdun  (where  it  becomes  navigable),  MSziSres,  and  Givet , 
in  Belgium,  Dinant,  Namur,  Huy,  and  Liege ;  in  the  Nether- 
lands, Maestricht  and  Gofkum ;  below  Gorkum  it  separates 
into  several  branches,  traversing  the  Bies-Bosch  and  Hol- 
lands -Diep,  forming  numerous  islands,  and  enters  the  North 
Sea  by  3  principal  mouths,  the  Meuse  on  the  N.,  the  Flakkee 
in  the  middle,  and  the  Grevelingen  on  the  S.  Chief  afflu- 
ents on  the  left,  the  Bar,  Sambre,  and  Dommel;  on  the 
right,  the  Semoy,  Lesse,  Ourthe,  Ruhr,  and  Niers ;  the  Waal 
(a  branch  of  the  Rhine),  the  Linge,  Leek,  and  the  Lower 
Yssel,  another  branch  of  the  Rhine.  Length  of  the  river, 
434  miles. 

Meuse,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.E.,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Lorraine,  and  bounded  N.  by 
Belgium.  Area,  2368  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  292,253. 
It  is  traversed  from  S.  to  N.  by  a  range  of  low  hills  called 
the  Mountains  of  Argonne,  which  separate  the  basins  of 
the  Meuse  and  Seine.  Chief  rivers,  the  Meuse,  Chiers^ 
Saulx,  Ornain,  Aisne,  and  Aire.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  ex- 
tensively reared.  Capital,  Bar-le-Duc.  The  department  is 
divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Bar-le-Duc,  Commercy, 
Montmedy,  and  Verdun. 

Meuselbach,  moi'z§l-b4K^,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  6  miles  S.  of  Konigsee.     P.  1583. 

Meuselwitz,  moi'z^l-Mts^  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
of  Saxe-Altenburg,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Gera.     Pop.  2706. 

Mev^agis'sey,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 
coast,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Austell.  It  has  a  good  pier  and  a 
large  pilchard-fishery.     Pop.  of  parish,  2073. 

Mewat,  a  town  of  India.     See  Alvar. 

Mewe,  md'^?h,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4071. 

Mew  Island,  one  of  the  Copbland  Islands. 

Mexcoac,  m4x-ko-4k',  a  town  of  Mexico,  8  miles  S.  of 
the  city  of  Mexico. 


MEX 


1815 


MEX 


Mexia,  ma-he'a,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  oo.,  Tex., 
on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  84  miles  S.  of 
Dallas,  and  82  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  o£5ce,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  1298;  in  1890,  1674. 

Mex'ico,  The  Republic  op  (Sp.  Mexico,  Megico,  or 
Mefico,  mfih'ne-ko ;  Pr.  Mexique,  mix^eek' ;  It.  Mesico, 
mi'se-ko),  formerly  called  New  Spain,  a  country  in  the 
southern  part  of  North  America,  extending  from  lat.  15°  58' 
to  33°  5'  N.,  and  from  Cape  Catoche,  in  Yucatan,  Ion.  87° 
46'  W.,  to  Ion.  117°  5'  W.  Where  not  confined  by  the  sea,  it 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Guatemala,  and  on  the  N.  and  N.E. 
by  the  United  States.  The  Rio  Grande  separates  it  from 
Texas  on  the  N.E.  The  general  contour  of  the  country  is 
very  irregular.  The  distance  between  the  point  of  junction 
with  the  United  States,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  Cape  Ca- 
toche, in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  is  about  1925  miles.  The 
greatest  breadth  is  between  the  most  eastern  and  western 

fiarts  on  the  United  States  boundary,  where  the  distance 
irom  the  Gulf  shore  to  the  Pacific  does  not  vary  much  from 
1500  miles.  Within  its  limits  is  included  the  peninsula 
of  California,  extending  into  the  Pacific  about  700  miles, 
with  a  breadth  varying  from  30  to  150  miles,  and  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Mountains. — Mexico  is,  for  the  most  part,  an  enormous 
ridge,  raised  by  volcanic  force,  between  two  oceans,  and 
ramifying  into  several  chains.  On  entering  Mexico  from 
the  S.E.  the  ridge  acquires  greater  breadth,  so  that  the 
state  of  Oajaca  may  be  said  to  occupy  the  summit  of  a 
single  ridge,  150  miles  wide,  falling  rapidly  on  one  side  to 
the  shores  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  descending,  by  a  suc- 
cession of  terraces,  on  the  other  side,  to  Tabasco  and  Vera 
Cruz;  to  this  succeeds  the  great  Mexican  table-land,  be- 
ginning with  the  elevated  plains  of  Puebla,  Mexico,  Quere- 
taro,  and  Michoacan,  which  have  an  absolute  height  of 
from  6000  to  8500  feet,  a  chain  of  volcanic  cones  and  snowy 
peaks  rising  at  wide  intervals  far  above  them.  Between 
the  18th  and  21st  parallels  the  Mexican  chain  runs  N.  and 
S.  Beyond  the  latter  limit  it  turns  N.W.,  and,  under  the 
name  of  Sierra  Madre,  or  Tepe  Suenne,  extends  through 
the  states  of  Queretaro  and  Guanajuato,  where  rich  silver- 
mines  abound.  N.  of  Guanajuato  it  divides  into  three 
branches,  of  which  the  middle  one  or  central  chain  con- 
tinues to  the  N.W.  as  far  as  the  30th  parallel,  beyond 
which  it  bends  N.  till,  under  the  name  of  Sierra  Verde,  it 
joins  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  lat.  45°  N.  The  E,  branch 
extends  through  the  state  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  gradually 
sinking,  till,  in  lat.  26°,  it  disappears  on  the  border  of  the  ■ 
plain  watered  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  The  W.  branch 
spreads  over  Guadalajara,  declines  N.  of  the  mines  of  Bo- 
lafios,  and,  rising  again  in  the  states  of  Sinaloa  and  Sonora, 
forms  in  the  latter  the  mountains  of  Pimeria  Alta,  cele- 
brated for  their  gold-mines. 

Starting  from  Tehuantepec,  on  the  shore  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  lat.  16°  20'  N.,  we  soon  reach  the  plain  of  Oajaca,  at 
a  height  of  5500  feet,  and  thence  a  wheel-carriage  can  roll 
without  difficulty  to  Santa  F6,  in  New  Mexico  (lat.  36°  12' 
N.),  a  distance  of  above  1400  miles.  Though  some  parts  of 
this  route  might  fall  below  the  level  of  2000  feet  and  others 
nearly  reach  an  elevation  of  8000  feet,  yet  the  slopes  are  so 
gradual  as  to  ofifer  no  serious  impediment  to  the  construc- 
tion of  an  easy  road ;  but  the  descent  from  the  table-lands 
to  the  sea  is  everywhere  rugged  and  abrupt,  presenting 
great  difficulties  in  the  way  of  carrying  goods.  In  going 
from  the  city  of  Mexico  (7400  feet)  to  Acapulco,  on  the 
Pacific,  the  road  attains  a  height  of  8600  feet  before  the 
rapid  descent  commences.  The  railway  between  the  capital 
and  Vera  Cruz  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  feats  of 
modern  engineering. 

The  loftiest  of  the  snowy  summits  and  volcanic  cones 
scattered  along  the  Mexican  highland  lie  within  the  nar- 
row zone  comprised  between  lat.  18°  29'  and  19°  12'  N. 
They  are  all  of  volcanic  origin,  and  in  several  of  them  the 
fires  still  continue  raging.  Ascending  W.  from  the  shore 
of  the  Mexican  Gulf,  a  little  S.  of  Vera  Cruz,  we  first  meet, 
12  miles  from  the  sea,  in  lat.  18°  24'  N.,  the  still  active  vol- 
cano of  Tuxtla  (5118  feet),  the  highest  point  of  the  Sierra 
de  San  Martin;  farther  N.  (lat.  19°  2'),  the  peak  of  Ori- 
zaba, 17,380  feet,  its  flanks  covered  with  rich  woods ;  a  few 
miles  farther  N.  (lat.  19°  28')  is  the  Cofre  de  Perote,  or 
Naucampatepetl,  13,416  feet.  S.W.  of  these,  on  the  con- 
fines of  Puebla,  lat.  18°  36'  N.,  is  the  still  active  volcano 
of  Popocatepetl,  17,784  feet,  while  35  miles  farther  N. 
stands  Iztaccihuatl,  15,705  feet  high.  The  Pico  del  Frayle, 
the  highest  point  of  the  Nevado  de  Toluca,  attains  the 
height  of  15,250  feet.  About  120  miles  W.  of  this  moun- 
tain stands  Jorullo,  whioh  rose,  on  the  night  of  September 


28,  1759,  from  the  level  plain  to  the  height  of  4149  feet. 
Of  all  the  summits  here  named,  only  three — Popocatepetl, 
Orizaba,  and  Iztaccihuatl — rise  above  the  limit  of  perjjctual 
snow,  which,  between  lat.  19°  and  20°  N,,  may  be  assumed 
to  be  an  elevation  of  15,000  feet,  though  varying  with  local 
circumstances.  The  Nevado  de  Toluca  reaches  that  limit, 
but  can  hardly  be  said  to  rise  above  it. 

In  Oajaca  granite  everywhere  breaks  through  the  super- 
incumbent rocks,  and  forms  the  highest  summits  of  the 
mountains.  Gneiss,  mica-slate,  and  syenite  extend  down 
from  the  central  ridge  to  the  sea  on  both  sides.  In  all 
these  rocks  are  found  auriferous  veins.  On  the  borders  of 
Guatemala  the  prevalent  rocks  are  porphyry  of  many  va- 
rieties, clay-slate,  and  limestone,  all  unbroken  by  granite. 
The  first  of  these  contains  veins  of  silver,  lead,  and  copper. 
In  Puebla  all  the  azoio  rocks  are  covered  by  enormous 
masses  of  calcareous  tuff.  Farther  N.  granite  seems  to  form 
everywhere  the  foundation  of  the  rocky  system,  while  the 
table-land  is  a  superstructure  of  porphyries,  which  contain 
(where  they  do  not  incline  to  trachyte)  those  rich  deposits 
of  the  precious  metals  for  which  Mexico  has  long  been  s» 
famous.  Sandstone,  limestone,  clay-slate,  syenite,  serpen 
tine,  amygdaloid,  dolerite,  and  basaltic  lavas  accompany  the 
predominating  rocks. 

The  opposite  shores  of  Mexico  differ  widely  in  physical 
conformation.  The  great  current  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
sweeps  round  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan  and  through  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  causing  sand-banks  and  barring  of  the  river- 
mouths.  On  the  whole  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  there  is 
no  bay  of  any  importance,  no  good  harbor,  easy  of  access, 
and  but  little  well-sheltered  anchorage.  Between  Yucatan 
and  Tabasco  lies  Laguna  de  Terminos,  45  miles  long  and 
30  miles  wide,  connected  with  the  sea  by  two  channels,  the 
deepest  having  but  two  fathoms.  Farther  W.,  on  the  coast 
of  Tabasco,  the  Laguna  de  Santa  Ana,  though  deep  within, 
is  quite  inaccessible  to  shipping.  Similar  remarks  apply  to 
the  lagoons  of  Madero,  Tamiahua,  and  Tampico;  beyond 
the  last-named  place  N.  extends  a  long  succession  of  sand- 
banks, fronting  the  shore,  and  exhibiting,  in  its  earlier 
stages,  the  process  of  forming  lagoons.  Here,  on  the  coast 
of  Tamaulipas,  we  find  the  lagoons  de  Morales,  de  Madre, 
de  Santander,  and  a  few  others,  all  difficult  of  approach 
and  rapidly  filling  up  with  sand.  On  the  W.  coasts  of 
Mexico,  from  Acapulco,  in  lat.  16°  50'  N.,  the  harbor  of 
which  is  landlocked,  deep,  and  capacious,  to  Guaymas, 
extends  a  series  of  fine  harbors,  capable  of  sheltering  the 
largest  vessels.  In  lat.  21°  32'  N.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Grande  de  Santiago,  is  the  noble  harbor  of  San  Bias ;  and 
in  lat.  23°  15'  N.  is  the  harbor  of  Mazatlan.  This  is  dif- 
ficult of  access,  and  inferior  in  most  respects  to  the  harbor 
of  Guaymas,  in  lat.  27°  40'  N.  The  E.  shore  of  the  Cali- 
fornia peninsula  offers  many  bays  and  small  havens.  Its 
W.  side,  towards  the  ocean,  is  less  indented. 

Mexico  is,  in  general,  sparingly  watered,  and  labors  under 
the  almost  total  want  of  navigable  rivers  reaching  the  inte- 
rior. Within  the  tropic,  the  streams,  descending  from  the 
elevated  interior  to  the  seas,  assume  the  character  of  rapid 
torrents,  dry  at  one  season  and  overflowing  at  another. 
The  longest  and  greatest  of  the  Mexican  rivers  is  the  Rio 
Grande  del  Norte,  called  also  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte,  which 
now  marks  a  portion  of  the  boundary  between  Mexico  ana 
the  United  States.  The  Rio  de  Tampico,  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Panuco  with  the  Tula  or  Montezuma,  flows 
N.E.  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  total  course,  about  200  miles. 
Small  vessels  may  ascend  the  Panuoo  40  miles.  The  San 
Juan  rises  in  the  metalliferous  mountains  of  Oajaca,  flows 
S.  and  E.,  forms  the  great  lagoons  of  Tequiapa  and  Embar- 
cadero,  and  at  length  reaches  the  sea  through  the  Laguna 
del  Madero;  it  is  navigable  for  ships  of  moderate  burden  24 
miles  above  its  mouth.  The  Coatzaooalcos  issues  from  the 
mountains  of  Tarifa,  lat.  17°  N.,  flows  W.,  between  the 
states  of  Oajaca,  Tabasco,  and  Vera  Cruz,  then,  winding 
round  to  the  N.  and  E.,  falls  into  the  gulf,  in  lat.  18°  S' 
27"  N.  This  river  has  attracted  much  attention,  because 
it  has  been  supposed  that  the  communication  between  the 
Mexican  Gulf  and  the  Paoiflo  might  be  effected  by  joining 
the  Coatzaooalcos  and  the  Chicapa  or  Chimalapa,  which  lat- 
ter rises  about  14  miles  from  the  sources  of  the  former,  and 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Tehuantepec.  The  rivers  flowing  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean  are,  towards  the  S.,  all  rapid,  and  im- 
portant only  as  they  water  coasts  more  or  less  populous. 
The  Rio  Balsas,  or  Zacatula,  descends  from  the  state  of 
Mexico,  and,  after  collecting  several  large  streams,  reaches 
the  ocean  with  a  broad  and  deep  channel,  navigable  for 
boats  a  good  way  up,  and  forms  at  its  mouth  the  little  har- 
bor of  Zacatula.  The  first  great  river  which  we  meet  with 
going  N.,  on  this  side,  is  the  Rio  Grande  de  Santiago,  or 


MEX 


1816 


MEX 


Bio  Tolotlan,  disoharging  the  waters  of  Lake  Chapala,  the 
■econd  in  magnitude  of  the  Mexican  rivers. 

The  lakes  and  lagoons  of  Mexico  are  very  numerous, 
but  comparatively  unimportant.  The  largest  is  Lake  Cha- 
pala, in  Jalisco,  covering  an  area  of  1500  square  miles. 

Mexico  has  great  diversities  of  climate  within  a  narrow 
compass.  The  principal  high  plains  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
city  of  Mexico  are  the  valleys  of  Toluca,  8600  feet,  of 
Tenochtitlan,  7400  feet,  of  Actopan,  6450  feet,  and  of 
Istla,  3200  feet  above  sea-level.  The  valley  of  Istla  pro- 
duces the  sugar-cane,  Actopan  yields  cotton,  Tenoch- 
titlan is  rich  in  wheat  and  other  European  grains,  and 
Toluca  in  the  agave,  from  which  is  made  the  popular 
beverage  of  the  country,  the  four  different  climates  being 
thus  distinctly  and  conspicuously  marked.  Mexico,  being 
to  a  great  extent  a  table-land,  three-fifths  of  its  area  lying 
within  the  tropic,  has  not  a  tropical  but  a  temperate  climate. 
The  Mexicans  divide  their  country,  with  respect  to  climate, 
into  Tierras  Calientes  (hot  lands),  which  rarely  exceed  900 
feet  in  elevation,  Tierras  Templadas  (temperate),  ranging 
between  4000  and  6000  feet,  and  Tierras  Prias  (cold),  above 
7000  feet.  The  coasts  are  hot,  humid,  and  unhealthy. 
Here  the  rank  vegetation  reaches  down  to  the  sea-side; 
and,  in  the  shallow  water,  mangroves  and  mollusks  decom- 
pose and  spread  pestilence.  The  plains  of  the  interior, 
where  the  evergreen  oak  predominates,  enjoy  a  delicious 
climate,  perfectly  healthy,  and  at  the  same  time  favorable 
to  luxuriant  vegetation.  Higher  up,  the  air,  more  rarefied, 
is  also  drier,  and  trees  of  vigorous  growth  disappear  with 
unexpected  rapidity.  Hence  a  large  proportion  of  the  ele- 
vated plains  are  dry,  barren,  and  desolate.  Earthquakes 
are  of  frequent  occurrence,  particularly  in  Oajaca,  along 
the  S.  coas^  and  near  the  capital ;  but  they  are  generally 
slight  and  do  little  damage.  The  most  remarkable  vol- 
canic phenomena  recorded  in  Mexico  in  modern  times  are 
the  rise  of  Jorullo  in  1759,  and  the  eruptions  of  Tuxtla  (S.  of 
Vera  Cruz)  in  1793-96. 

The  wild  animals  of  Mexico  are  extremely  numerous. 
The  bison,  or  bu£falo,  in  Mexico  called  cibolo,  comes  in 
midwinter,  in  immense  herds,  from  the  northwest.  The 
grizzly  bear  inhabits  the  mountains  in  the  north  provinces. 
In  solitary  thickets,  near  lakes  and  rivers,  lives  the  tapir. 
Among  the  feline  animals  are  the  jaguar,  the  cougar,  or 
puma,  the  ocelot,  jaguarundi,  and  tiger-cat.  The  tagnicati 
and  javali  are  singular  species  of  the  peccary.  The  forests 
swarm  with  porcupines,  ant-eaters,  gluttons,  sloths,  weasels, 
skunks,  armadillos,  cavies,  and  monkeys.  Among  the 
swimmers  we  find  the  manati,  or  sea-cow  (chiefly  in  the 
lagoons  of  the  E.  coast).  The  W.  coasts  are  frequented  by 
whales  and  seals.  The  feathered  tribes  of  Mexico  are 
countless.  In  the  rivers  we  find  the  crocodile  and  the  cay- 
man. A  species  of  murex,  yielding  a  fine  purple  dye,  is 
found  on  both  coasts,  but  chiefly  on  the  W.  The  pearl- 
fishery,  once  so  profitable  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  has  de- 
clined. 

Mexico  is  abundantly  stocked  with  domesticated  animals, 
introduced  by  the  Spaniards.  Horned  cattle  and  horses 
have  indeed  grown  wild  in  many  parts,  and  now  occupy, 
in  immense  herds  and  droves,  the  great  plains  of  the  inte- 
rior. The  chief  cattle-farms  are  in  the  inner  states,  where 
herds  of  30,000  or  40,000  are  not  uncommon.  The  grazier 
derives  all  his  gains  from  the  flesh,  fat,  and  hides  of  his 
cattle.  The  sheep-farms  are  mostly  in  the  N.  parts,  and, 
though  often  on  a  great  scale,  are  in  their  husbandry  very 
primitive  and  rude;  the  wool  is  coarse,  and  little  care  is 
bestowed  on  the  sheep.  Horses  are  very  numerous  in 
Mexico,  and  the  N.  frontiers  are  frequented  by  immense 
droves  in  a  perfectly  wild  state.  Mules  are  also  numerous ; 
100,000  of  them  are  said  to  be  constantly  employed  by  car- 
riers and  in  the  mines. 

Mexico  possesses  a  variety  and  abundanoe  of  vegetable 
productions  known  to  hardly  any  other  portion  of  the  earth. 
The  forests  near  the  coast  display  the  grandest  forms  of 
tropical  vegetation.  There  may  be  seen  the  gigantic  ma- 
hogany, the  Brazil-wood,  the  Campeachy-wood,  ebony,  yel- 
low, and  iron  wood,  intermingled  with  the  elegant  giant 
ferns  and  palms  without  number.  At  the  absolute  height 
of  3000  feet  oaks  begin  to  predominate,  associated  with 
euphorbias  and  acacias.  The  oak  disappears  generally  at 
the  height  of  10,000  feet,  while  the  pine  species  extend  be- 
tween the  elevations  of  6000  feet  and  12,500  feet.  Plants 
of  the  cactus  family  are  widely  diflfused.  The  best  culti- 
vated districts  of  Mexico  are  those  which  are  situated  near 
some  of  the  richest  mines  in  the  plains.  In  the  wildest  and 
dreariest  spots  of  the  Cordilleras  the  opening  of  mines  has 
never  failed  to  call  tillage  into  existence.  On  many  parts 
of  the  table-land  agriculture  is  much  checked  by  the  scarcity 


of  water,  to  remedy  which  reservoirs  and  canals  of  irriga- 
tion have  been  constructed  at  great  expense.  Of  the  articles 
of  food  cultivated  by  the  Mexicans  the  most  important  is 
maize.  The  districts  most  distinguished  by  the  culture  of 
this  grain  are  the  S.  and  E.  parts  of  the  state  of  Mexico, 
the  states  of  Puebia,  Queretaro,  and  Oajaca,  and  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Aguas  Calientes,  in  Zacatecas.  Wheat  and  bar- 
ley are  cultivated  successfully  at  an  elevation  of  7000  feet. 
Inhabitants  of  the  Tierras  Calientes  and  the  sea-coasts  look 
for  their  ordinary  food  to  the  banana  and  plantain.  To 
the  same  region  belongs  the  manioc.  Another  important 
object  of  cultivation  is  Spanish  pepper  {capsicum),  which 
is  consumed  by  the  inhabitants  in  enormous  quantities. 
Among  the  cultivated  plants  of  Mexico  there  is  none  more 
important  or  characteristic  than  the  maguey  {Agave  Amer- 
icana), from  the  sap  of  which  is  prepared  the  favorite  drink 
of  all  classes.  The  filaments  of  the  thick,  fleshy  leaves  servw 
for  the  same  purposes  as  hemp.  Wines  of  excellent  quality 
are  produced;  but  this  branch  of  culture  and  industry  ia 
still  only  in  its  infancy.  The  olive  has  received  consider- 
able attention.  The  oil  made  is  equal  to  the  best,  and 
already  nearly  suffices  for  the  home  consumption. 

Sugar  was  exported  from  Mexico  in  large  quantities  under 
the  Spanish  government.  At  the  present  day  the  amount 
of  it  produced  hardly  suffices  for  home  consumption.  Still, 
a  very  great  extent  of  Mexican  territory  is  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  the  sugar-cane,  and  a  plantation  in  Vera  Cruz 
yields  nearly  twice  as  much  as  one  in  Cuba.  The  consump- 
tion of  coffee  by  the  Mexicans,  and  the  exportation,  are  rap- 
idly increasing.  Though  it  was  from  Mexico  that  Europe 
first  learned  the  use  of  chocolate,  the  culture  has  declined. 
Vanilla  is  another  Mexican  product.  Tobacco  is  extensively 
produced;  all  the  inhabitants,  male  and  female,  smoke, 
and  the  consumption  of  it  in  the  country  is  enormous.  Cot- 
ton was  cultivated  extensively  in  Mexico  before  the  arrival 
of  the  Spaniards,  and  the  plant  is  not  an  annual  as  in  the 
United  States,  but  continues  productive  for  several  years. 
The  cochineal  insect,  so  valuable  for  its  dye,  is  a  native 
product  of  Mexico.  Mexico  formerly  produced  a  consider- 
able amount  of  silk,  but  not  much  is  now  grown. 

Mexico  is  very  rich  in  mines  of  silver,  gold,  mercury,  and 
the  useful  metals,  and  the  product  of  the  silver-mines  is  of 
great  value  and  importance. 

The  chief  manufactures  are  sugar  and  rum,  aloes,  wine 
and  brandy,  earthen-  and  stone-ware,  glass,  paper,  and  the 
thread  and  tissues  of  cotton,  wool,  and  silk.  Sugar  and 
rum  are  made  in  numerous  districts.  The  preparation  of 
olive  oil  employs  many  mills.  There  has  been  latterly  a 
somewhat  successful  movement  to  extend  and  elevate  the 
character  of  Mexican  manufactures. 

The  foreign  trade  of  Mexico  is  chiefly  confined  to  the  im- 
portation of  linens,  woollens,  cottons,  silks,  wines,  brandies, 
ornamental  wares,  glass-  and  iron-wares,  millinery,  paper, 
quicksilver,  oil,  wax,  and  salted  and  dried  fish. 

The  chief  articles  of  export  are  silver,  gold,  deer-skins, 
hides,  ores,  sisal  hemp,  mahogany,  vanilla,  cochineal,  coffee, 
cacao,  cattle,  archil,  rubber,  sarsaparilla,  indigo,  jalap,  gums, 
wool,  Ac.  The  construction  of  several  important  railways, 
amounting  in  the  aggregate,  in  1887,  to  over  3400  miles, 
has  done  much  to  promote  the  prosperity  of  the  country. 

The  population  of  Mexico  comprises  persons  of  white  de- 
scent, Indians,  and  mestizoes,  or  people  of  mixed  race.  In 
parts  of  the  coast-country  there  is  some  admixture  of  Afri 
can,  and  even  of  Malay,  blood.  The  Spanish  language  is 
everywhere  prevalent,  but  many  of  the  Indians  retain  the 
use  of  the  ancient  languages.  By  far  the  greater  part  of 
the  people  are  of  Roman  Catholic  faith,  but  all  religions  ars 
tolerated.  There  is  a  considerable  movement  towards  Prot- 
estantism in  many  of  the  large  towns,  and  a  denomination 
called  "  the  Church  of  Jesus,"  in  communion  with  the  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  church,  has  lately  sprung  up.  Among 
the  Indians  there  are  some  pagan  tribes.  Before  the  advent 
of  the  Spaniards  some  tribes  had  attained  to  a  certain  de- 
gree of  civilization.  They  were  good  smiths,  good  masons, 
had  made  some  advance  in  the  arts  of  design ;  they  raised 
great  edifices,  constructedvastworks,  pyramids,  roads,  aque- 
ducts, bridges,  &o. ;  they  had  a  more  accurate  calendar,  and 
one  better  adjusted  by  intercalation,  than  the  Egyptians, 
Greeks,  and  Romans ;  and,  finally,  they  had  a  system  of 
picture-writing,  by  means  of  which  they  recorded  many 
facts,  and  the  Mayas  of  the  S.E.  had  a  phonetic  alphabet. 
Monuments  remain  attesting  their  boldness  of  design  and 
progress  in  the  arts  of  construction.  There  are  extensive 
remains  of  the  city  of  Tenochtitlan,  near  the  modern  Mex- 
ico, with  its  dikes,  aqueducts,  and  fragments  of  a  bridge. 
Oajaca  is  rich  in  ancient  remains,  among  which  the  chief 
are  the  palace  and  pyramid  of  the  Zapotekas  at  Mitla> 


MEX 


1817 


MEX 


Another  pyramid,  or  teocalU,  is  to  be  seen  near  Cholula. 
Near  Villanueva,  in  Zacatecas,  are  the  remarkable  ruins 
known  as  Los  Edificios.  In  Vera  Cruz  are  the  pyramids  of 
Papantla,  built  of  colossal  masses  of  porphyry.  The  ex- 
tensive ruins  of  Palenque,  in  Chiapas,  are  well  known,  but 
they  are  surpassed  by  tnose  of  Itzalana,  in  Yucatan. 

Mexico  is  a  federal  republic,  formed  somewhat  upon  the 
model  of  that  of  the  United  States.  The  names,  areas,  and 
population  of  the  states  are  officially  estimated  as  follows: 


Aguas  Callentes 

Oalifornia,  Low.  (territory) 

-Campeachy 

Chiapa. 

Chihuahua. » 

Cobahuila 

Colima  

Durango 

Cl-uanajuato 

'Guerrero 

Hidalgo 

Jalisco 

Hoxico 

Mexico  (district) 

Hichoacan 

Morelos ~ 

Nuevo  Leon 

Otijaca.... 

Puebia 

■Queretaro 

San  Luis  Potosi 

Sinai  oa 

Sonora 

Tabasco 

Taiiiaulipas 

Tlascala 

Vera  Cruz 

Yucatan 

Zacatecas 


Total 741,313 


Area  in 
sq.  m. 


2,895 
61,544 
25,827 
16,042 
83,727 
50,889 

3,746 
42,498 
11,409 
24,544 

8,158 
39,163 

7,837 

85 

23,707 

1,776 
23,626 
33,571 
12,015 

3,205 
27,494 
36,189 
78,997 
11,846 
30,225 

1,621 
26,225 
29,560 
22,992 


Pop. 

1884. 


140,430 
30,198 
90,413 
242,029 
225,251 
144,594 
72,591 
196,852 
968,113 
353,193 
434,096 
983,484 
710,579 
426,804 
784,108 
141,565 
201,732 
761,274 
784,466 
203,250 
516,486 
201,918 
143,924 
104,747 
140,137 
138,478 
582,441 
302,315 
422,506 


10,447,974 


Capitals. 


Aguaa  Callentes. 

La  Paz. 

Campeachy. 

San  Cristobal. 

Chihuahua. 

Saltillo. 

Colima. 

Durango. 

Guanajuato. 

Tixtla. 

Pachuca. 

Guadalajara. 

Toluca. 

Mexico. 

Morelia. 

Cuernavaca. 

Monterey. 

Oajaca. 

Puebia. 

Queretaro. 

San  Luis  Potosi. 

Culiacan. 

Ures. 

S.  Juan  Bautista. 

Victoria. 

Tlascala. 

Vera  Cruz. 

Merida. 

Zacatecas. 


Of  this  population  about  5,000,000  are  Indians,  and 
over  1,000,000  native  whites,  chiefly  of  Spanish  descent, 
the  remainder  being  mixed  races,  except  about  30,000 
Europeans,  mostly  Spaniards. 

Oovernment  and  History. — Mexico  was  discovered  in  1517, 
by  Francisco  Hernandez  Cordova,  who  sailed  along  the  coast 
from  Cape  Catoche  to  Campeachy  Bay.  In  1519  Hernando 
Cortez  landed  where  Vera  Cruz  now  stands,  and  ascended 
the  table-land,  the  numerous  inhabitants  of  which  (the 
Aztecs)  he  found  united  under  a  sovereign  called  Monte- 
zuma ;  but  the  dominion  of  the  Aztecs  did  not  extend  over 
all  the  table-lands.  After  two  years  of  warfare,  Cortez  suc- 
ceeded in  overturning  the  power  of  the  Aztecs,  and  the  small- 
er states  were  subjected  to  the  Spaniards  almost  without  a 
struggle.  Cortez  having  firmly  established  his  authority 
in  the  country,  a  considerable  number  of  persons  emigrated 
from  Spain  to  Mexico,  and  there  acquired  great  wealth  in 
mining,  as  merchants,  and  as  officers  of  government.  The 
country  continued  in  this  state  for  nearly  three  centuries. 
The  first  revolutionary  movement  took  place  in  1810,  and 
was  chiefly  fomented  by  the  clergy.  In  1820,  the  viceroy, 
Apodaca,  received  orders  to  proclaim  the  constitution  of 
1812 ;  being  himself  averse  to  the  measure,  he  sent  Colonel 
Iturbide,  but  really  to  sound  the  wishes  of  the  people. 
Iturbide,  however,  raised  the  standard  of  revolt,  and  the 
crown  was  offered  to  a  Spanish  prince,  but,  the  proposal 
being  rejected  by  the  Spanish  Cortes,  the  Mexican  Cortes 
proceeded  to  carry  out  their  scheme  of  national  independ- 
ence, and,  in  May,  1822,  elected  their  general,  Don  Au- 
gustin  Iturbide,  Emperor  of  Mexico.  The  new  monarch, 
however,  abdicated  and  left  the  country  in  April,  1823, 
but,  returning  the  next  year,  was  taken  and  shot  at  Padilla. 
The  experiment  of  a  monarchy  having  failed,  the  plan  was 
now  tried  of  a  federal  republic,  copied,  in  many  particulars, 
from  that  of  the  United  States.  This  scheme,  though  it 
encountered  much  opposition,  was  ultimately  adopted  in 
February,  1824.  The  first  president  was  General  Guada- 
lupe Victoria.  In  1835,  Santa  Anna  changed  the  federal 
into  a  central  republic.  Hard  pressed  by  his  rival  Busta- 
mente,  he  seems  to  have  felt  little  scruple  as  to  the  means 
by  which  he  conciliated  parties.  In  the  mean  time,  the 
distant  provinces  showed  an  inclination  to  push  too  far  the 
principle  of  independence.  Yucatan  was  disaffected ;  Texas, 
filled  with  adventurers  from  the  United  States,  revolted, 
and  established  its  independence  by  a  victory  in  which  the 
Mexican  general,  Santa  Anna,  was  taken  prisoner.  This 
successful  revolt  of  Texas  was  an  event  pregnant  with  im- 
115 


portant  consequences  :  in  ten  years  more  the  new  state  ▼a^ 
annexed  to  the  United  States ;  then  came  the  war  of  the 
latter  with  Mexico,  which  was  concluded  in  February,  1*»48 
by  Mexico  yielding  to  the  United  States  the  province*  of 
New  Mexico  and  Upper  California.  In  1863  a  French  army 
invaded  Mexico  and  occupied  the  capital.  Under  the  pa- 
tronage of  Napoleon  III.,  Maximilian  of  Austria  was  Em- 
peror of  Mexico  from  1864  until  1867,  when  he  was  shot, 

and  the  republic  was  again  proclaimed. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Mexican,  mdx'e-kan. 

Mexico,  a  state  of  the  republic  of  Mexico,  having  S. 
Morelos,  and  on  the  other  sides  the  states  Michoacan,  Que- 
retaro, Hidalgo,  and  Puebia.  Area,  7837  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1882,  710,679.  The  surface  in  the  N.  belongs  to  th« 
Anahuac  plateau.  Principal  rivers,  the  Bolsas,  Lenna, 
and  Montezuma.  There  are  rich  silver-mines  at  Tasco  and 
Tehulilotepec  j  also  quarries  of  marble,  Ac.  Chief  cities, 
Toluca  (the  capital),  Tenancingo,  Lerma,  and  Zimapan. 
The  city  of  Mexico  is  in  a  separate  district  of  85  square 
miles,  with  a  pop.  of  315,996. 

Mexico,  Mejico,  or  Megico  (Aztec,  TenovKtitlan), 
the  capital  city  of  Mexico,  in  a  noble  plain  1700  square 
miles  in  extent,  enclosed  by  mountains,  containing  many 
fine  lakes,  and  7460  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  19°  25'  7" 
N.;  Ion.  99°  5'  W.  Estimated  pop.  of  town,  350,000. 
When  taken  by  Cortez  in  1521,  it  occupied  several  island* 
in  Lake  Tezcoco,  and,  although  still  having  the  same  site, 
it  is  now,  owing  to  various  causes,  2i  miles  distant  from 
the  lake.  It  is  encircled  by  walls  and  entered  by  gates, 
to  which  several  thoroughfares  lead.  In  the  city  proper 
the  houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  built  around  court-yards, 
seldom  more  than  one  story  in  height,  flat-roofed,  and 
decorated  by  painting  and  mosaic  work  on  the  outside; 
streets  regular  and  well  paved,  in  straight  lines,  directed  to 
the  four  cardinal  points ;  public  edifices  numerous,  substan- 
tial, and  in  good  style.  The  chief  place  in  Mexico  is  the 
great  square  (Plaza  Mayor),  two  sides  of  which  are  formed 
by  the  cathedral,  national  palace,  museum,  and  a  new  mar- 
ket-place ;  the  other  sides  are  bordered  by  arcades  in  front 
of  the  Parian,  a  bazaar,  the  town  hall,  exchange,  &c.  The 
cathedral,  500  feet  in  length  by  420  feet  in  breadth,  is  of 
mixed  Gothic  and  Indian  architecture,  and  gorgeously  or- 
namented, having  also  a  high  altar  with  a  statue  of  the 
Virgin,  the  dress  of  which  is  said  to  contain,  besides  other 
gems,  diamonds  to  the  value  of  $3,000,000.  The  national 
palace  comprises  government  offices,  mint,  and  prison.  The 
city  has  a  botanic  garden,  barracks,  hospitals,  and  asylums. 
The  university  is  a  fine  old  monastic  building.  There  are 
60  churches  and  40  Franciscan  and  Dominican  conventf,  a 
college  of  engineers,  several  theatres,  two  great  aque- 
ducts, an  academy  of  arts,  a  public  library  of  105,000 
volumes,  a  fine  national  museum,  manufactures  of  gold 
and  silver  lace,  silversmiths'  work,  coaches,  woollen  and 
beaver  goods,  and  a  government  cigar-factory.  Mexico  is 
the  terminus  of  the  great  railway  from  Vera  Cruz,  and  of 
several  minor  railway  lines.  Its  principal  streets  are  trav- 
ersed by  tramways.  Mean  temperature,  January,  52.5'' ; 
July,  65.3°  Fahr. 

Mexico,  Gulf  op.    See  Gulf  op  Mexico. 

Mex'ico,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Miami 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Peru.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

Mexico,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mexico  township,  Oxford  oo., 
Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Lewiston.  It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill  and  manufactures 
of  rake-handles.     Pop.  of  the  township,  458. 

Mexico,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  Is 
on  a  branch  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Northern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Louisiana 
&  Missouri  River  Railroad  and  the  South  Branch  of  the 
last-named  railroad,  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jefferson  City, 
108  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  about  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Louisiana.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
3  banks,  a  high  school,  the  Hardin  College  (female),  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  in  1890, 47^9. 

Mexico,  a  post-village  in  Mexico  townsnip,  Oswego  cu., 
N.Y.,  on  Salmon  Creek,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  k 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Oswego,  and  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Pulaski.  It  contains  5  churches,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  2  flouring-mills. 
Pop.  1204.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  and  contains  villages  named  Colosse,  Texas,  and 
Union  Square,  and  a  pop.  of  3761. 

Mexico,  a  post-village  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  Sandusky 
River,  9  miles  S.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  2  churches. 

MexicO)  a  post-village  of  Juniata  oo..  Pa.,  on  th« 


MEX 


1818 


MIA 


Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Havrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Meximieux,  m5x'ee'me-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain, 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tr^voux,     Pop.  1982. 

Mexique,  the  French  name  of  Mexico. 

Mexlitlan,  mfix-leet-l4n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico. 

Meyenburg,  mi'§n-b53R6\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  73  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin,     Pop.  1639. 

Meyenfeld,  Switzerland.     See  Mayenpeld. 

Meyer,  mi'^r,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
borders  on  Nebraska.  Area,  about  1440  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  affluents  of  White  River.  Pop.  in  1880, 115. 
The  Government  census  of  1890  gives  no  returns  of  the 
population  for  that  year. 

Meyers,  mi'§rz,  a  station  in  Nicholas  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 

Meyersdale,  mi'§rz-dale,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Rail- 
roald,  at  its  junction  with  the  Salisbury  Railroad,  113  miles 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  furniture-factories.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1847. 

Meyer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo..  Mo. 

Meyers ville,  mi'^rz-vil,  a  hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Mahanoy 
City,  and  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Meyersville,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  oo.,  Tex. 

Meylen,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Mbilen. 

Meymac,  m&^m&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corrize,  9 
miles  W.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1570. 

Meyomeed,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Mei-Oheed. 

Meyon,  mi-yon',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
between  Celebes  and  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  127°  E. 

Meyringen,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Meirinqen. 

Meyrueis,  maiRVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lozdre,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Florae,  on  the  Yonte.     Pop.  1949. 

Meyssac,  mi^s&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Corrdze,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Brives-la-Gaillarde.     Pop.  915. 

Meysse,  mls's^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2576. 

Meyzieux,  mi^ze-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre,  17 
miles  N.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1504. 

Mez&o  Frio,  mi-zSwn"'  free'o,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
Tras-os-Montes,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Villa  Real.    Pop.  1536. 

M^ze,  maiz  or  mdz,  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  H6- 
rault,  on  the  Etang  de  Thau,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier. 
Pop.  6501.  Its  harbor  accommodates  vessels  under  60  tons 
burden.  It  has  an  important  trade  in  wine,  also  salt- 
works and  distilleries. 

M6zel,  mi^zfil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dftme, 
arrondissement  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1081. 

Mezen,  Mezene,  or  Meseu,  mdz-ain',  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  government  of  Vologda, 
flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  bay  of  its  own  name,  in  the 
White  Sea.     Length,  450  miles. 

Mezen,  Mezene,  or  Mesen,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  150  miles  N.E.  of  Archangel,  situated  on  the 
above  river,  about  18  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  White 
Sea.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  small  haven,  at  which  it  car- 
ries on  a  trade,  chiefly  in  furs,  tallow,  whale  and  seal  oil, 
and  fish.     Pop.  1412. 

M^zi^res,  mSz^e-ain'  or  mi^ze-aiR'  (L.  Maceri«  Ma- 
deriacum),  a  strongly-fortified  town  of  France,  capital  of 
the  department  of  Ardennes,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the 
Meuse,  47  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Reims.  Pop.  5204.  It 
communicates  by  a  suspension-bridge  with  Charleville,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Meuse,  and  has  a  fine  Gothic 
church,  in  which  Charles  II.  espoused  Isabella  of  Austria. 
In  1520  the  troops  under  the  Chevalier  Bayard  successfully 
defended  it  against  40,000  Spaniards. 

M6zi6res-en-Brenne,  mi^ze-aiR'-6M»-brfinn,  a  town 
of  France,  Indre,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  1835. 

M6zin,  a  mountain  of  France.     See  Cevennes. 

Mezin,  mi^z&u"'  (L.  Mesinum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot-et-Garonne,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  N6rac,  on  the  G^lise. 
It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  oil,  flour,  <fcc.     Pop.  1939, 

Mezingen,  WUitemberg.     See  Metzingen. 

Mezo  Bereuy,  mi'zo  bi'rSn',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Bgkes.  Pop.  10,915.  It  has  a 
Protestant  gymnasium. 

Mezo  Kovezsd,  mi'zo  kbVfizhd',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Borsod.     Pop.  9196. 

MezO  Tur,  mi'zo^  tooR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  on  the  Berettyo,  and  on  a  railway,  57  miles  S.W.  of 
Debreozin.     It  has  manufactures  of  pottery.     Pop.  20,447. 


Mezzana-Bigli,  mdt-s&'n&-beel'yee,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  3029, 

Mezzana-Mortigliengo,  met-s&'n&-moR-teel-y£n'- 
go,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  from  Biella.     Pop.  1398. 

Mezzanego,  mdt-s&-n4'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  milea 
from  Borzonasca.     Pop.  2117. 

Mezzani,  mfit-si'nee,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Parma.     Pop.  4268. 

Mezzanino,  mdt-si,-nee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1817. 

Mezzenile,  mdt-s&-nee'l&,  a  village  of  Piedmont,  prov- 
ince and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2755. 

Mezzo,  mSd'zo  or  mit'so,  or  liOpnd,  lo-pood',  an 
island  of  Austria,  on  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  about  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Ragusa,  3  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 

MezzoJQSO,  m4t-so-yoo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,^ 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  7161. 

Mezzo -liOmbardo,  mit'so-lom-baR'do,  a  market- 
town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  16  miles  from  Trent.     Pop.  3377. 

Mezzovo,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.     See  Pindus. 

MezzoTO,  mit-so'vo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Epirus,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yanina,  in  a  mountain-chasm, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Arta.     It  has  about  1000  houses. 

Mgleen,  or  Mglin,  m'gleen,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  128  miles  N.E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  6165. 

Mhar,  m'har,  a  town  of  British  India,  72  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bombay,  on  a  navigable  river,  25  miles  from  the  sea. 

Mheysnr,  m'hi-siir',  a  town  of  India,  dominion  and  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Indore,  on  the  Nerbudda.  It  has  a  stone 
fort,  containing  a  palace  and  several  Hindoo  temples,  and 
communicating  with  the  river  by  a  fine  range  of  ghauts. 

Mhow,  m'hfiw,  a  town  of  India,  dominion  and  12  miles 
S.  of  Indore.     It  is  important  as  a  military  station. 

Mhow,  a  town  of  India,  Allahabad,  76  miles  S.W.  of 
Benares.     Lat.  24°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  56'  E. 

Mhow,  a  town  of  India,  British  Bundelcund.  Lat.  25° 
20'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  V  E.     Pop.  9258. 

Mhow,  or  Mow,  a  town  of  India,  53  miles  N.E.  of 
Benares.     Pop,  10,271. 

Mhye,  or  Mahy,  m%-hi'  (anc.  Maia),  a  river  of  India, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  more  than  300  miles  through  the 
Bombay  and  Baroda  territories,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Cambay 
by  a  mouth  5  miles  across. 

Miago,  meo-&'go,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Panay,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Iloilo.     Pop.  30,000. 

Misyadas,  or  Miaxadas,  me-&-Bi.'D&8,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  4808. 

Miako,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Kioto. 

Miallet,  mee^&rii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
13  miles  E.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  1790. 

Miami,  mi-&m'i,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wabash  and  Eel  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Mississinewa  River  and  Pipe  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple, 
oak,  &,Q.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &.  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Erie  &,  Western  Rail- 
road, the  latter  two  of  which  connect  with  Peru,  the  capital, 
also  by  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,052 ; 
in  1880,  24,083;  in  1890,  25,823. 

Miami,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  588  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Marais  des  Cygnes  or  Osage  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Bull,  Wea,  and  Pottawatomie  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  About  90  per  cent, 
of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  and  live- 
stock are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  lime- 
stone and  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Scott  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
&  Texas  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  all 
of  which  connect  with  Paola,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,725;  in  1875,  12,667;  in  1880,  17,802;  in  1890,  19,614. 

Miami,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Miami  River  and  the  west  branch  of  that  river.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  about  one-fourth  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Lower  Silurian  limestone,  of  the  Cincinnati 
group,  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad  and 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
also  by  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  Id 
1870,  32,740 ;  in  1880,  36,158  j  in  1890,  39,754. 


MIA 


1819 


MIC 


Miami,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dade  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Miami  River  where  it  empties  into  Biscayne  Bay. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  938. 

Miami,  a  post- village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deer 
Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  Railroad,  63  miles 
N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  boots  and  shoes,  tiles,  &o.     Pop.  about  300. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  951. 

Miami,  a  post-town  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  in  Miami  town- 
ship, on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  9  miles 
above  Brunswick,  and  44  miles  N.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  742;  of  the  township,  3622. 
Miami  Station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern 
Railroad  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river,  1  or  2  miles  from 
Miami. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  Pop.  3491.  It 
contains  Milford. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Sreene  co.,  0.  Pop.  2784.  It 
contains  Clifton  and  Yellow  Springs. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2105.  It 
occupies  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  state,  and  contains  Miami- 
town.     See  MiAMiTOWN. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1768.  It 
contains  De  Graff  and  Quincy. 

Miami,  a  station  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Miami,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.  Pop.  4418. 
It  includes  Miamisburg,  Carrollton,  and  Alexandria. 

Miami  City,  a  former  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Miami  River.  It  was  merged  in  the 
^ity  of  Dayton  in  l'B68. 

Miami  Creek,  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  runs  southeastward,  and 
enters  the  Osage  River  about  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Butler. 

Miami  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Thurston  co., 
Washington,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Olympia. 

Miami  River,  a  small  stream  of  Dade  co.,  Fla.,  rises 
in  the  Everglades,  and  flows  southward  into  Biscayne  Bay. 

Miami  (or  Great  Miami)  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Har- 
din CO.,  and  drains  part  of  Logan  co.  It  runs  southwest- 
ward  through  Shelby  co.,  and  southward  through  Miami 
CO.  to  Dayton.  Below  this  city  it  flows  southwestward,  in- 
tersects the  COS.  of  Butler  and  Hamilton,  and  enters  the 
Ohio  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  state,  about  3 
miles  above  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
long.  The  chief  towns  on  this  river  are  Hamilton,  Dayton, 
Piqua,  Troy,  and  Sidney.  It  traverses  a  fertile,  undu- 
lating country,  and  runs  alongside  the  Miami  Canal  from 
Piqua  to  Dayton,  from  which  city  the  canal  extends  south- 
ward to  Cincinnati.     See  Little  Miami. 

Miamisburg,  mi-5,m'iz-burg,  a  post-village  in  Miami 
township,  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Miami 
River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  and 
Cleveland,  Columbus  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroads,  11  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Dayton,  and  46  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here  affords  water- 
power.  It  contains  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
a  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  and  manu- 
factories of  reapers,  sash,  hubs,  spokes,  Ac.  P.  (1890)  2952. 

Miami  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  about  1 
mile  N.  of  the  Missouri,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Miam'itown,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Miami. 

Miami  University,  Ohio.    See  Oxford. 

Miam'iville,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.    It  has  a  church. 

Miane,  me-i'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Treviso, 
circle  of  Valdobbiadene.     Pop.  3549. 

Mian'ee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  division  of 
Julinder.     Pop.  7706. 

Mianna,  or  Miana,  me-Sin'n&,  a  town  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  on  the  Sefeed-Rood,  80  miles  S.B.  of  Tabreez. 

Mianus,  mi-an'us,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  town- 
ship, Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  |  of  a  mile  from  the  New  York  & 
New  Haven  Railroad  (Cos  Cob  Station),  25  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Bridgeport,  and  2  miles  from  Long  Island  Sound. 

Miarim,  me-i-reew',  or  Mearim,  mi-i-reeN»',  some- 
times called  the  Maranh&o,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  state  of  Maranhao,  receives  numerous 
affluents,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  SSo  Marcos.  Length, 
about  350  miles. 

Miarim,  or  Mearim,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  75 
miles  S.  of  Maranhao,  on  a  tiver  of  the  same  name. 


Mias,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Miias. 

Miasino,  me-&-see'no,  or  Masino,  m&-8ee'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  division  of  No  vara.     Pop.  1100. 

Miava,  mee'6h'v6h',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neutra, 
on  the  Miava,  an  affluent  of  the  Morava,  48  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Presburg.  Pop.  9637.  It  has  manufactories  of  wool- 
len cloth  and  bagging,  distilling,  and  a  trade  in  hemp. 

Miaxadas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Miajadas. 

Mica,  mi'ka,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Qa. 

Mic^ano'py,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Gainesville,  3  miles  W.  of  Orange  Lake,  and 
about  44  miles  W.  of  Palatka.  It  has  4  churches  and  sev- 
eral orange-groves.     Pop.  494. 

Mi'caville,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Miccosukee,  mik-9-8iik'ee,  or  Mick^asnck'ie,  a 
post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Tallahassee. 

Michaelsville,  mi'kglz-vil,  a  post- village  of  Harford 
CO.,  Md.,  3  miles  from  Perrymansville. 

Michailov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mikhailov. 

Michaux  (me^shoz')  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan 
CO.,  Va. 

Michelsberg,  mee'K^ls-bSRO^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1000. 

Michelstadt,  mee'K^l-stitt',  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  3162. 

Miches'ebee,  a  small  river  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  flowa 
into  the  Shiawassee  near  its  junction  with  the  Flint. 

Michie,  Bay  co.,  Mich.     See  Maxwell. 

Michiels-Gestel,  mee'eeels-H^s'tel,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel,  4i  miles  S. 
of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  3316. 

Michigamme,  mish-^-gam'me,  a  post-office  and  min- 
ing village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  lake  of  its  own 
name,  and  on  the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
supported  by  iron-mines.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Michigamme  (or  Michigam'ing)  River,  Michi 
gan,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Houghton  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Marquette  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Bois  Brul6 
River  to  form  the  Menomonee. 

Michigan,  mish'e-gan  (formerly  mish-e-gin'),  one  of 
the  upper  Lake  states  of  the  American  Union,  consisting  of 
two  detached  peninsulas,  of  which  the  northernmost  has 
Lake  Superior  on  the  N.,  Tequamenon  Bay  and  the  river 
St.  Mary  on  the  E.,  Lakes  Huron  and  Michigan  on  the  S., 
and  the  state  of  Wisconsin  on  the  S.W. ;  while  the  south- 
ernmost is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lakes  Huron,  St.  Clair,  and 
Erie,  and  the  rivers  St.  Clair  and  Detroit,  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  states  of  Ohio  and  In- 
diana, its  northern  angle  reaching  the  Strait  of  Mackinaw, 
which  divides  it  from  the  N.  peninsula.  The  state  also  in- 
cludes several  islands,  of  which  the  largest  are  Isle  Royale 
and  Grand  Island  in  Lake  Superior,  Drummond  and  Sugar 
Islands  in  Lake  Huron,  and  the  Manitou  group  in  Lake 
Michigan.     Area,  58,915  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  southern  peninsula  is  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  wealth  and  population.  Its  characteristic 
features  are  the  grandly  extensive  forests  of  white  pine  and 
deciduous  timber-trees  in  the  N.,  the  sand-dunes  of  the 
western  lake-coast,  the  bluffy  shores  of  Lake  Huron,  with 
its  deeply-indenting  bays,  the  picturesque  oak  openings  or 
natural  parks  of  the  centre  and  S.,  and  the  fertile  prairies 
of  the  S.W.  This  peninsula  is  a  very  level,  fruitful  region, 
abounding  in  lakes  and  streams,  the  latter  not  large,  but  in 
many  cases  navigable  to  a  considerable  extent,  while  others 
afford  much  water-power.  The  streams  of  the  northern 
forests  are  much  resorted  to  in  the  season  for  taking  the 
trout  and  grayling,  which  here  abound.  The  undulating 
surface  culminates  in  a  ridge  or  watershed  which  does  not 
rise  more  than  300  feet  above  the  lake-level  (674  feet),  and 
there  are  occasional  conical  hills  or  knolls.  The  northern 
peninsula  has  in  general  a  roughly  mountainous  surface,  an 
almost  frigid  climate,  and  a  niggardly  soil ;  but  its  mineral 
wealth  is  very  remarkable.  Ita  mountains  (Porcupine  and 
Mineral  ranges),  though  rugged,  have  not  a  great  absolute 
elevation,  and  in  some  portions  the  forests  are  a  source  of 
wealth. 

Geology.  Northern  Peninsula. — This  region  consists  ol 
a  central  area  of  eozoic  or  Laurentian  and  Huronian  age, 
flanked  to  the  E.  and  S.E.  on  the  one  hand  and  to  the  W. 
and  N.W.  on  the  other  by  extensive  fields  of  the  Silurian 
strata.  The  eozoic  region  affords  immense  beds  or  quarries 
of  rich  magnetite,  and  of  a  slaty  specular  iron  ore  or  red 
hematite,  sometimes  150  feet  deep,  and  of  unrivalled  purity 
and  excellence.  This  is  quarried  and  shipped  by  lake  and 
by  rail,  and  is  largely  smelted  in  the  iron-works  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  both  alone  and  when 


MIC 


1820 


MIC 


mixed  with  less  refractory  but  inferior  ores.  It  is  also 
wrought  in  the  furnaces  erected  on  the  spot,  charcoal  and 
charred  peat  serving  as  fuel,  for  the  peat  deposits  of  this 
region  are  extensive  and  valuable.  The  number  of  mines 
in  operation  in  1889  was  73,  and  the  output  5,856,169  long 
tons,  representing  40.34  per  cent,  of  the  total  product  of 
the  entire  country.  Beds  of  marble  lie  S.  and  S.W.  of  the 
iron  country.  In  the  northwesterp  Silurian  district,  upon 
the  Keweenaw  peninsula,  and  to  the  S.W.,  extend  the 
Mineral  Mountains  or  Copper  Range,  where  large  and 
small  masses  of  pure  and  nearly  pure  native  copper  are 
mined,  with  occasional  veins  richly  alloyed  with  silver, 
which  also  occurs  here,  native  or  pure,  in  small  quantities. 
These  are  among  the  most  valuable  copper-mines  in  the 
United  States.  The  product  for  1889  was  87,455,675 
pounds,  which  was  exceeded  only  by  the  yield  of  Montana. 
The  copper-mines  of  Isle  Royale  belong  to  this  geological 
formation,  and  on  the  Canadian  side  of  the  lake  the  Algoma 
country  affords  not  less  rich  deposits  of  copper,  with  much 
more  silver.  Abundant  evidence  exists  in  the  copper-region 
that  the  mines  were  wrought  in  prehistoric  times,  and  the 
native  copper  implements  of  the  old  mound-builders  were 
very  probably  derived  from  this  source.  The  copper  is 
mainly  in  threads  and  lumps  filling  amygdaloidal  cavities 
in  a  conglomerate  or  in  a  sandstone.  Southern  Peninaula, — 
Here  the  geological  features  are  very  different  from  those 
of  the  N.  Devonian  and  carboniferous  strata  cover  most 
of  the  state,  but  their  lithological  character  and  organic  re- 
mains are  peculiar,  and  the  strata  cannot  in  general  be 
plainly  identified  with  those  of  corresponding  age  elsewhere 
in  the  United  States.  The  coal  measures  proper  cover  parts 
of  at  least  15  counties,  including  187  townships,  witn  an 
approximate  area  of  6700  square  miles,  reaching  from  Eaw- 
kawlin  southward  to  Jackson,  and  from  Ionia  eastward  to 
Holly.  The  coal  is  mined  principally  at  Jackson,  but  the 
thickest  beds  are  farther  N.  It  is  bituminous,  but  not  of 
high  excellence,  and  serves  chiefly  for  local  and  railroad 
use,  and  the  total  output  is  small.  Salt  is  extensively 
manufactured  from  the  waters  of  artesian  wells.  The 
annual  product  of  the  state  is  nearly  4,000,000  barrels.  Pe- 
troleum has  been  obtained  to  some  extent,  especially  north- 
;rard,  and  inflammable  oil-bearing  shales,  both  Devonian 
and  carboniferous,  are  abundant  at  various  points.  There 
is  a  handsome  black  marble  found  in  the  coal  measures. 
Useful  mineral  waters  are  reported  in  nearly  all  parts  of 
the  southern  peninsula.  Qypsum,  for  land-plaster  and  for 
stucco-work,  lime,  glass-sand,  grindstones,  fire-clay,  and 
building-stone  are  among  the  useful  mineral  products. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  are  the 
famous  Pictured  Rocks  of  wind-  and  wave-worn  sandstone 
on  Lake  Superior ;  the  iron- and  copper-mines;  the  canal 
and  rapids  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Superior;  the  remarkable  artificial  channel 
and  works  for  the  improvement  of  navigation  through  the 
flats  in  Lake  St.  Clair;  the  so-called  magnetic  and  other 
mineral  wells  of  Grand  Havfen,  Grand  Ledge,  Lansing,  &c. 
Mackinac  is  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Agricultural  Resources. — Few  sections  of  the  United 
States  excel  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan  as  a  farm- 
ing region.  The  soil  has  sand  enough  in  its  composition  to 
render  agriculture  easy,  while  all  the  other  elements  of  fer- 
tility are  present  in  large  measure.  The  oak  openings  and 
dry  prairies  were  first  settled;  the  wet  prairie-lands  fol- 
lowed, their  drainage  proving  easy,  profitable,  and  advan- 
tageous to  public  health.  As  the  dense  forests  are  pushed 
northward  by  the  swift  demands  of  commerce,  a  hardy  class 
of  pioneer  farmers  follows  the  lumberman,  and  the  forest 
lands,  when  subdued,  prove  to  be  among  the  best  wheat 
lands  known.  In  the  W.  and  S.W.  occurs  the  great  fruit- 
belt  of  the  state,  where  the  proximity  of  Lake  Michigan 
so  qualifies  the  west  winds  that  even  the  peach  succeeds 
admirably.  Here  much  of  the  soil  is  light  and  sandy.  As 
far  N.  as  Grand  Traverse  the  climate  is  not  too  cold  for 
successful  agriculture.  The  winter  wheat,  oats,  and  pota- 
toes of  the  state  are  of  excellent  quality,  and  are  produced 
abundantly.  Other  leading  products  are  butter,  cheese, 
wool,  beef,  pork,  rye,  barley,  buckwheat,  hay,  beans,  pease, 
hops,  flax,  flaxseed,  clover-  and  grass-seeds,  maple  sugar, 
wax,  honey,  sorghum  and  maple  syrups,  &c.  Excellent 
horses  and  cattle  are  bred  for  the  Eastern  markets.  Grape- 
eulture  is  successful  in  the  S.,  and  wine  is  a  noteworthy 

Erodiict.  In  the  S.W.  the  growing  of  peppermint  and  other 
erbs  for  distillation  and  druggists'  use  is  extensively  car- 
ried on.  Of  the  northern  peninsula  the  resources  are  com- 
paratively undeveloped,  and  its  severe  climate  and  rough 
surface  will  be  obstacles  to  its  speedy  settlement  by  agri- 
culturists. 


Manufactures. — The  noble  white-pine  forests  of  the  state 
at  present  afford  the  chief  supply  of  that  excellent  timber. 
In  1870  the  production  of  sawed  lumber  to  the  value  of 
more  than  $31,000,000  placed  the  state  far  in  advance  of 
any  other  state  in  this  industry,  and  since  that  time  she 
has  undisputedly  maintained  the  first  rank.  Besides 
pine,  Michigan  cuts  much  oak,  maple,  and  other  hard 
timber,  as  well  as  spruce,  hackmatack,  hemlock,  and  other 
kinds  of  coarse  lumber.  The  S.  side  of  the  N.  peninsula  is 
admirably  adapted  to  the  lumber-business,  having  unlimited 
water-power  and  accessible  waters  for  navigation,  with  large 
forests  as  yet  comparatively  untouched.  Wherever  rapids 
occur  on  the  streams  of  the  lower  peninsula,  thriving  manu- 
facturing towns  have  sprung  up.  Among  the  forest  prod- 
ucts are  tanners'  bark,  bark-extract,  charcoal,  and  potash. 
Manufactures  of  wooden -ware,  furniture,  and  other  similar 
goods  are  carried  on  upon  an  immense  scale  in  the  cities  of 
Michigan.  Referenv^e  has  already  been  made  to  the  im- 
portant manufactures  of  iron,  salt,  ka.  To  these  we  must 
add  the  manufacture  of  farm-implements,  leather  and 
leather  goods,  woollens,  cottons,  machinery,  hollow-ware, 
castings,  Ac.  These  industries  are  already  well  established, 
the  combination  of  water-power,  cheap  and  easy  transporta- 
tion, cheap  and  excellent  provisions,  and  a  convenient 
market  having  given  this  state  peculiar  advantages  in  this 
regard.  The  presence  of  a  large  manufacturing  class  has 
also  very  materially  increased  the  profits  of  farming. 

Commerce. — The  extent  of  lake  coast  is  far  larger  than 
that  of  any  other  state.  Good  natural  harbors  exist  at 
Grand  Island,  L'Anse,  Eagle  Harbor,  and  other  points  on 
Lake  Superior ;  at  Esoanaba,  Porte  des  Morts,  Grand  Trav- 
erse, and  elsewhere  on  Lake  Michigan;  at  Thunder  Bay, 
Hammond's  Bay,  Presque  Isle,  Ac,  on  Lake  Huron ;  be- 
sides which  many  of  the  river-mouths  and  coast-lagoons 
have  been  converted  by  artificial  means  into  safe  and  ex- 
cellent harbors,  the  United  States  Congress  having  made 
large  appropriations  for  these  and  kindred  improvements. 
Notwithstanding  the  existence  of  numerous  railroads,  the 
lake  commerce  still  thrives,  and  is  especially  adapted  to  the 
transhipment  of  coal,  iron  ore,  lumber,  and  otuer  bulky 
freights.  Detroit,  Marquette,  Port  Huron,  and  Grand 
Haven  are  ports  of  entry.  The  catch  of  white-fish,  trout, 
grayling,  herring  (so  called,  but  it  is  kindred  to  the  white- 
fish),  pickerel,  sturgeon,  and  other  fish  is  very  important. 

The  railroads  of  Michigan  in  1846  measured  238  miles  ; 
in  1850,  342  miles;  in  1855,  474  miles;  in  1860,  779  miles; 
in  1865,  941  miles ;  in  1870,  1638  miles ;  in  1875,  3391 
miles;  in  1880,  3935  miles;  in  1885,  5301  miles;  and  in 
1890,  7106  miles. 

Finances. — The  state  is  practically  out  of  debt,  the  un- 
matured bonds  representing  her  liabilities  being  covered 
by  an  equal  amount  of  United  States  4i  per  cent,  bonds 
held  by  the  treasury.  The  total  equalized  valuation  of  the 
taxable  property  of  the  state  is  about  $945,000,000. 

Counties,  &c. — There  are  (1890)  85  counties :  Alcona,  Al- 
ger, Allegan,  Alpena,  Antrim,  Arenac,  Baraga,  Barry,  Bay, 
Benzie,  Berrien,  Branch,  Calhoun,  Cass,  Charlevoix,  Che- 
boygan, Chippewa,  Clare,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Delta,  Dick- 
inson, Eaton,  Emmet,  Genesee,  Gladwin,  Gogebic,  Grand 
Traverse,  Gratiot,  Hillsdale,  Houghton,  Huron,  Ingham, 
Ionia,  Iosco,  Iron,  Isabella,  Isle  Royale,  Jackson,  Kalama- 
zoo, Kalkaska,  Kent,  Keweenaw,  Lake,  Lapeer,  Leelanaw, 
Lenawee,  Livingston,  Luce,  Mackinac,  Macomb,  Manistee, 
Manitou,  Marquette,  Mason,  Mecosta,  Menominee,  Midland, 
Missaukee,  Monroe,  Montcalm,  Montmorency,  Muskegon, 
Newaygo,  Oakland,  Oceana,  Ogemaw,  Ontonagon,  Osceola, 
Oscoda,  Otsego,  Ottawa,  Presque  Isle,  Roscommon,  Sagi- 
naw, St.  Clair,  St.  Joseph,  Sanilac,  Schoolcraft,  Shiawassee, 
Tuscola,  Van  Buren,  Washtenaw,  Wayne,  and  Wexford. 

The  principal  towns  are  Detroit  (pop.  in  1890,  205,876), 
Grand  Rapids  (60,278),  Saginaw  (46,322),  Bay  City 
(27,839),  Muskegon  (22,702),  Jackson  (20,798),  Kala- 
mazoo (17,853),  Port  Huron  (13,543),  Battle  Creek 
(13,197),  Lansing,  the  capital  (13,102),  West  Bay  City 
(12,981),  Manistee  (12,812),  and  Alpena  (11,283). 

Education. — The  system  of  public  instruction  in  thif 
state  is  admirably  planned,  and  is  zealously  supported  by 
the  people.  Schools  are  supported  by  general  and  local 
taxation  and  the  income  of  school-funds  derived  from  the 
sale  of  certain  state  lands,  with  other  moneys  specially 
appropriated.  Graded  schools  are  maintained  wherever  the 
population  is  dense  enough  to  warrant  their  establishment. 
There  are  state  and  county  and  city  superintendents,  with 
state  and  local  boards  of  education.  The  high  schools  are 
affiliated  with  the  state  university  at  Ann  Arbor,  which  is 
open  to  both  sexes  and  embraces  a  normal  course  and 
schools  of  science,  law,  medicine,  homoeopathy,  and  pliar 


MIC 


1821 


MIC 


macy.  The  state  agricultural  college  near  Lansing  is  free 
to  all.  There  are  denominational  and  other  colleges  at 
Adrian,  Albion,  Benzonia,  Battle  Creek,  Hillsdale,  Holland 
City,  Kalamazoo,  Olivet,  &o.,  all  open  to  youth  of  either 
BOX.  At  Coldwater  is  a  state  school  for  the  children  of 
paupers ;  a  reform  school  at  Lansing ;  one  for  deaf-mutes 
at  Flint ;  normal  schools  at  Ypsilanti  and  Leoni ;  besides  a 
large  number  of  private  and  church  schools  and  seminaries 
of  all  grades.  Compulsory  school  attendance  is  provided 
for  by  statute.  Among  the  Northern  Indians  there  are  some 
18  United  States  mission  and  other  schools.  Other  public 
institutions  are  the  state  prison  at  Jackson,  and  the  state 
insane  asylum,  Kalamazoo. 

Government. — The  governor  and  the  members  of  the  legis- 
lature are  elected  every  two  years.  The  constitution  for- 
bids all  licenses  for  selling  intoxicating  liquors  and  all 
state  appropriations  for  the  aid  of  private  corporations  or 
denominational  schools.  Judges  of  courts  are  elected  for 
fixed  terms.  Voters  must  have  lived  three  months  in  the 
state  and  ten  days  in  the  district  where  the  vote  is  oast. 
The  state  has  nine  representatives  in  the  Federal  Congress, 
and  eleven  electoral  votes. 

Population. — In  1810  the  population  was  4762;  in  1820, 
8896;  in  1830,  31,639 ;  in  1840,  212,267;  in  1850,  397,664; 
in  1860,  749,113;  in  1870,  1,184,059;  in  1880,  1,636,937; 
in  1890,  2,093,889.  The  number  of  Indians  in  the  state 
in  1890  was  6991,  mostly  Chippewas,  and  many  of  them 
Roman  Catholics.  As  a  rule,  they  have  become  citizens  of 
the  United  States  and  of  the  state. 

History. — Before  1700  the  French  had  colonized  Detroit 
and  Mackinaw ;  and  the  country  passed,  with  the  rest  of 
Canada,  into  English  hands  in  1763.  Then  followed  the 
conspiracy  of  Pontiac,  the  destruction  of  Mackinaw,  and 
the  siege  of  Detroit.  The  British,  after  the  Revolution, 
did  not  evacuate  Michigan  until  1796.  In  1805  the  Mich- 
igan Territory  was  constituted  out  of  the  old  North- West 
Territory  ;  but  its  boundaries  were  not  those  of  the  present 
state,  and  at  one  time  it  extended  westward  to  the  Missouri 
River,  including  the  present  states  of  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
Iowa,  and  part  of  the  Dakotas.  In  1837  Michigan  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  with  its  present  limits.  The  terri- 
tory was  the  scene  of  active  operations  during  a  part  of  the 
war  of  1812-15.  After  its  admission  as  a  state,  Michigan 
made  very  rapid  progress  in  population  and  wealth,  which 

Erogress,  since  the  termination  of  the  war  of  1861-65,  has 
een  especially  manifest  in  the  manufacturing  and  mining 
interests  and  in  railroad  extension. 

Michigan,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1732. 
It  contains  Miohigantown. 

Michigan,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
4688.     It  contains  Michigan  City. 

Michigan  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Cosumne  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Latrobe,  and  28 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  Chinese  temple. 

Michigan  Bluff,  a  post- village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River,  about  56  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place,  which 
is  mainly  supported  by  mining.    Pop.  in  1890,  377. 

Michigan  Central  Junction,  a  station  of  Cook  co., 
111.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
roads, 34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  terminal  station  of  the  former 
railroad  in  Chicago. 

Michigan  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co., 
Mich.,  in  Leoni  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  about  20  families. 

Michigan  City,  a  post-town  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  about  38  miles  by  water  E.S.E.  of  Chicago. 
By  railroad  it  is  56  miles  from  Chicago,  90  miles  N.  of  La- 
fayette, and  13  miles  N.W.  of  La  Porte.  It  is  on  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  divisions 
of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  the 
Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  12  churches. 
2  national  banks,  4  newspaper  ofSces  (2  dailies),  Ames 
College,  and  the  Northern  State  Prison.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  railroad-cars,  chairs,  furniture,  lumber,  wagons, 
boots,  shoes,  sash,  blinds,  bicycles,  barrels,  gloves,  hosiery, 
harness,  refrigerators,  <fcc.  Here  are  workshops  and  round- 
houses of  the  railroads  which  converge  at  this  point.  Pop. 
in  1880,  5366  ;  in  1890,  10,776. 

Michigan  City,  a  post-village  of  Benton  oo.,  Miss.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Grand  Junction,  Tenn.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Michigan,  Lake,  the  largest  lake  which  is  entirely 
included  within  the  United  States.  It  is  one  of  the  five 
great  lakes  the  waters  of  which  enter  the  sea  through  the 
St.  Lawrence  River.     It  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Wiscon- 


sin, and  the  W.  boundary  of  the  lower  peninsula  of  Mich, 
igan,  and  touches  parts  of  Illinois  and  Indiana.  It  extendi 
from  lat.  41°  35'  to  46°  N.,  and  is  about  335  miles  long. 
The  broadest  part,  which  is  opposite  Milwaukee,  is  about  88 
miles  wide,  and  the  narrowest  part  is  50  miles  wide  or  more. 
The  surface  is  computed  to  be  600  feet  higher  than  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Area,  about  20,000  square  miles.  The  mean 
depth  is  variously  estimated  at  900  or  1000  feet.  The  shores 
are  generally  low.  This  lake  is  connected  with  Lake  Huron 
by  the  Strait  of  Mackinac,  which  is  at  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Lake  Michigan  and  is  its  outlet.  The  principal  cities 
on  its  shores  are  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  Racine,  and  Manito- 
woc. It  encloses  but  few  islands,  which  are  in  the  northern 
part.  The  largest  of  them  is  about  15  miles  long.  The 
largest  rivers  that  flow  into  this  lake  are  the  St.  Joseph,  the 
Grand,  the  Kalamazoo,  the  Muskegon,  the  Manistee,  the 
Menomonee,  and  the  Fox. 

Michigantown,  a  post-village  in  Michigan  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Frankfort  A  Kokomo  Railroad,  31 
miles  S.  of  Logansport,  and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  an  ele- 
vator for  grain,  Ac.     Pop.  315. 

Michigan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas. 

Michipicoten,  mish^e-pe-ko't§n,  a  bay  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, North  America,  on  its  N.  side  in  Canada.  Lat.  47° 
55'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  30'  W.   In  it  is  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Michipicoten,  a  considerable  river  of  Ontario,  falls 
into  Lake  Superior  on  the  N.  shore,  about  125  miles  N.  of 
Sault  Ste.  Marie.  This  river  has  its  source  from  lakes  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Height  of  Land  dividing  the  waters  of 
Hudson's  Bay  and  Lake  Superior.  It  abounds  with  pike, 
sturgeon,  and  speckled  trout.  The  distance  to  the  Height  of 
Land  is  some  70  miles.  Moose  River,  which  falls  into  James's 
Bay  at  Moose  Factory,  rises  in  Misinabe  Lake,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Height  of  Land.  These  two  rivers  constitute  the 
canoe-route  between  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson's  Bay,  there 
being  only  a  short  portage  to  connect  the  sources  of  both 
rivers.  There  are  39  portages  and  179  rapids  on  this  canoe- 
route  between  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson's  Bay. 

Michipicoten  River,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of 
Algoma,  Ontario,  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  It 
was  once  noted  as  the  Hudson's  Bay  depot  for  supplying 
goods,  Ac,  for  the  trade  to  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron.  The 
establishment  is  within  3  miles  from  Gros  Cap  Harbor,  in 
Lake  Superior,  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  lake.  The 
coast-line  is  very  irregular.  In  this  district  copper,  plum- 
bago, and  iron  have  been  found. 

Michle,  miK'li,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from 
Prague,  and  the  property  of  its  university.     Pop.  1000. 

Michmash,  the  Scriptural  name  of  Mukhmas. 

Michoacan,  me-cho-i-k&n',  orMechoacan,  m&-cho- 
4-kS.n',  sometimes  called  Valladolid,  v41-yi-do-leed',  a 
maritime  state  of  Mexico,  between  lat.  18°  and  21°  N.  and  Ion. 
100°.andl04°  W.,  havingS.W.the  Pacific.  The Bolsas,  with 
its  affluents,  and  the  Lermaandits  tributaries,  form  its  prin- 
cipal rivers.  Area,  23,707  square  miles.  Surface  greatly 
diversified.  Mountains  traverse  its  N.  and  central  parts, 
and  in  it  is  the  volcano  of  Jorullo.  The  lakes  are  numerous, 
and  that  of  Chapala  forms  part  of  its  N.W.  frontier.  The 
soil  is  generally  fertile.  The  products  comprise  maize, 
wheat,  pulse,  potatoes,  manioc,  cotton,  sugar,  indigo,  hemp, 
flax,  aloes,  and  tapinzezan,  which  last  is  peculiar  to  this 
region.  The  mountain-sides  are  clothed  witn  forests  of  fine 
woods,  and  gold,  silver,  and  lead  are  procured  in  consider- 
able quantities,  mining  industry  being  here  of  the  first  im- 
portance. The  produce  is  mostly  sent  by  land  to  Mexioo 
and  elsewhere,  this  state  having  no  seaport.  Capital,  More- 
lia.  The  principal  towns  are  Pascuaro  and  Zamora.  Pop. 
(official  estimate  of  1890)  801,913. 

Mickleton,  mik'^l-t^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road (Swedesborough  Branch),  14  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 
It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a  public  hall. 

Mi'co,  a  post-office  of  Jones  oo.,  Miss. 

Miconi,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Mtconus. 

Microne'sia  (derived  from  the  Greek  for  "small 
islands"),  a  collective  name  applied  to  certain  groups  of 
small  islands  in  the  Pacific,  namely,  the  Ladrone  and  Caro- 
line Islands,  the  Radack  and  Ralick  chains,  the  KingsmiU 
and  Gilbert  groups,  and  a  few  smaller  dusters,  with  some 
sporadic  islands,  no  single  island  of  the  whole  extent  being 
of  large  size.  The  people  of  these  islands  do  not  speak  the 
true  Polynesian  language,  but  employ  several  dialects  kin- 
dred to  one  another,  and  more  remotely  so  to  the  Malay. 

Micuipampa,  me-kwe-p4m'p4,  a  town  of  Peru,  de- 
partment of  Trujillo,  province  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caxa- 
marca,  with  silver-mines,  at  a  great  elevation,  on  the  Anaes. 


MID 


1822 


MID 


iniddaghs,  mid'dawks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton 
00.,  Pa.,  3  miles  from  Martin's  Creek  Station,  N.J. 

Middelbnrg,  mid'd^l-bfirg  (Dutch  pron.  mid'd?!- 
btlRG* ;  L.  Mediolur' gum,  Me'dium  Gas'trum),  often  written 
in  English  Middleburg,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  Zealand,  near  the  middle  of  the 
island  of  Walcheren,  47  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam,  and  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  B.  of  Flushing.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
broad  canal,  bordered  by  a  prettily  planted  counterscarp, 
and  environed  by  a  large  number  of  fine  gardens,  rich  mea- 
dows, and  bleaching  greens.  It  has  numerous  squares,  of 
which  the  great  market  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  kingdom. 
On  its  N.  side  stands  the  splendid  town  hall,  composed  of 
two  portions, — an  older,  in  Gothic  style,  the  fronts  of  which, 
overladen  with  ornaments,  were  completed  in  1518,  and  a 
wing,  in  the  Ionic  style,  finished  in  1784.  On  the  N.  front 
of  the  old  building  are  25  colossal  statues  of  the  counts  and 
countesses  of  Zealand.  A.mong  the  other  edifices  and  insti- 
tutions may  be  specified  the  abbey,  an  extensive  structure, 
with  a  fine  tower,  the  court-houses,  prison,  exchange, 
gymnasium,  academy  of  design  and  other  schools,  museum, 
barracks,  9  churches,  a  synagogue,  an  infirmary,  an  orphan 
hospital,  and  various  benevolent,  literary,  and  scientific  in- 
stitutions. The  shipping-trade  is  very  limited.  Cotton- 
weaving,  brewing,  chocolate-making,  tanning,  lace-making, 
worsted-spinning,  and  salt-refining  are  the  chief  manufac- 
tures ;  in  addition  to  which  a  few  vessels  are  built.  The 
town,  which  is  very  ancient,  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  from 
the  Spaniards  in  1574.     Pop.  15,594. 

Middelfart,  mid'd^l-faRt^  or  Ittiddelfart)  mid'd?l- 
fS5Rt\  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Funen,  26  miles  W.N.W,  of  Odense    P  2336. 

Middelharnis,  mid'd^l-han^nis,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  the  island  of  Overflakkee,     Pop.  3262. 

Middelstiim,  mid'd^l-stiim^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Groningen,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appingedam. 
Pop.  2244. 

]niddle«  mid'd^l,  a  township  of  Hendricks  oc,  Ind. 
Pop.  1422.     It  contains  Pittsborough. 

Middle,  a  township  of  Cape  May  oo.,  N.J.  Pop.  3443. 
Tt  contains  Cape  May  Court-House. 

Middle,  a  township  of  Chowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1610. 

Middle,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C.     P.  1104. 

Middle  Bass,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.,  on  a 
siaall  island  in  Lake  Erie,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Toledo. 

Middle  Bight,  a  fishing-hamlet  on  the  S.  side  of 
Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  St.  John's. 

Middle  Bill  Cove,  a  fishing-hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 
15  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  161. 

Middleborongh,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    See  McKean. 

Middleborough,  mid'd§l-biir-rQh,  a  post-village  of 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in  Middleborough  township,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  with 
one  of  the  mail?  lines,  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston,  and  lOJ 
miles  E.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  bank,  a  fine  town  hall,  an 
academy,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  gas-works,  the 
Bay  State  Straw- Works,  5  shoe-factories,  3  churches,  1  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  lumber, 
shovels,  spades,  needles,  trunks,  boxes,  varnish,  <fcc.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Taunton  River, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  6066. 

Middleborough,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  0.,  in  Har- 
lan township,  1  mile  from  Hicks  Station.  Here  is  Edwards- 
ville  Post-Offiee. 

Middleborough,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Wallace  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Wallace. 
It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  475. 

Middleborough  Junction,  a  station  within  the 
limits  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Taunton  Green, 
at  the  junction  of  the  New  Bedford  &  Taunton  and  Middle- 
borough &  Taunton  Railroads. 

Mid'dlebourne,  or  Middletown,  a  post-village  of 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Oxford  township,  30  miles  W.  of  Bell- 
airu.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  166.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Middlebourne. 

Middlebourne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tyler  co., 
W.  Va.,  op.  Middle  Island  Creek,  about  44  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Wheeling.     It  h..3  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Middle  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Hodgeman  co.,  Kan. 

Middle  Branch,  township,  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     P.  86. 

Middle  Branch,  a  station  in  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Tuckerton  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Tuekerton. 

Middle  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mid'dlebrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Md., 
6  miles  W.  of  Roekville. 


Mid'dle  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Iron- 
ton.     It  has  a  brewery  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Middlebrook,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  oo.,  Va.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Middleburg,  Netherlands.     See  Middelburo. 

Mid'dleburg,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  on  Black 
Creek,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  .3 
churches. 

Middleburg,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa, 
about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  and   1  mile  from  the  Penn 
sylvania  Railroad  (Frederick  division),  48  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Middleburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richardson  co.,  Neb., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  in  Middleburg  township, 
Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  and  on  the  Mid- 
dleburg &  Schoharie  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Schoharie 
village,  and  about  30  miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Albany. 
It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
carriage-factory,  a  foundry,  2  tanneries,  and  2  mills  for 
wrapping-paper.     Pop.  in  1890,  1139;  of  townshin,  3007. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Ra- 
leigh.    It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Middleburg,  a  post-township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.. 
about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  contains  the  village 
of  Berea,  and  has  quarries  of  grindstones.     Pop.  3662. 

Middleburg  (West  Middleburg  Post-Office),  a  village 
in  Zane  township,  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Middleburg,  a  village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
116.     Here  is  Middle  Creek  Post-Office. 

Middleburg,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  on  Mason 
A  Dixon's  Line,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Chambersburg. 

Middleburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Snyder  oo., 
Pa.,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the  Lewistown  division  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewistown, 
and  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  398. 

Middleburg,  a*small  post-village  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Bolivar.     It  has  2  churches. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Ya.,  about 
40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  5  churches, 
5  stores,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  500. 

Middleburg  Island,  Pacific.    See  Eoa. 

Middlebury,  mid'dQl-bSr-re,  a  post-hamlet  in  Middle 
bury  township.  New  Haven  co,,  Conn.,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Waterbury.  It  has  2  churches,  also  several  manufactories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  696. 

Middlebury,  a  post- village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Middlebury  township,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Goshen.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  542 ;  of  the  township,  1728. 

Middlebury,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mioh. 
Pop.  969. 

Middlebury,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.,  about  38 
miles  N.  of  Chillicothe. 

Middlebury,  a  township  of  Wyoming  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1734.     It  contains  Wyoming. 

Middlebury,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  929. 

Middlebury,  a  post- village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Little  Cuyahoga  River,  2  miles  E.  of  Akron.  It  contains  2 
churches,  and  several  manufactories  of  stoneware,  <fec.  It 
has  been  annexed  to  Akron,  and  is  now  the  6th  ward  of 
that  city. 

Middlebury,  or  Middlebury  Centre,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Corn- 
ing, Cowanesqne  A  Antrim  Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Corning,  N.Y.     It  has  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  township,  1600. 

Middlebury,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Ad 
dison  CO.,  Vt.,  in  Middlebury  township,  on  Otter  Creek, 
and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Bur- 
lington, and  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Middlebury  College  (Congregational),  which  was  organize^ 
about  1800  and  has  9  instructors,  about  50  students,  and  i 
library  of  1 2,500  volumes.  Middlebury  contains  4  churche 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  and  2  flour 
mills,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool,  sash,  blinds,  Af 
Here  is  a  quarry  of  fine  white  or  variegated  marble.  Pop 
in  1890,  1762 ;  of  the  township,  2793. 


t 


MID 


1823 


MID 


ti 


Middlebnry,  a  post-ofiBoe  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis. 

Mid'dlebush,  a  post- village  in  Franklin  township, 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Millstone  <fc  New  Brunswick 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  New  Bmnswiok,  It  contains  the 
Middlebush  Institute. 

Middle  Cane^  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Middle  Coon  River,  Iowa,  a  branch  of  the  Raccoon 
River,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  S.E.  through  Guthrie  co., 
and  unites  with  another  branch  in  Dallas  co. 

Middle  Creek,  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  runs  E.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River  6  miles  below  Sunbury. 

Middle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carthage  township, 
Hancock  co..  III.,  6  miles  E.  of  Carthage.    It  has  a  church. 

Middle  Creek,  township,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.    P.  911. 

Middle  Creek,  township.  Wake  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1477. 

Middle  Creek,  Noble  co.,  0.    See  Middlbburq. 

Middle  Creek,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
674.     It  contains  Meiser. 

Middle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co..  Pa. 

Middle  Creek,  a  township  of  Somerset  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
580.     It  contains  New  Lexington. 

Middle  Egypt,  a  region  of  Egypt.    See  Vostani. 

Middle  Fa'bins,  a  post-village  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo., 
on  Middle  Fabius  River,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Downing  Station, 
and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches.  See 
Fabius. 

Middle  Falls  (formerly  Galesville),  a  post-village 
of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  the 
Batten  Kill,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  1^  miles  from 
Greenwich  Station,  which  is  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Troy.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  2  cement-mills,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  plaster-mill.     The  river  here  falls  45  feet. 

Middlefield,  a  post- village  in  Middlefield  township, 
Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven,  Middletown  <fc 
Willimantio  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Middletown,  and  19 
miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  also  man- 
ufactures of  fire-arms,  WEishing-machines,  locks,  cotton 
goods,  gunpowder,  wagons,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1053. 
Here  are  2  stations, — Middlefield  and  Middlefield  Centre,  1 
mile  apart. 

Middlefield,  a  post-township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa, 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  is  intersected  by  Buf- 
falo Creek.     Pop.  695, 

Middlefield,  a  post-township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroaid.  Middlefield  Station  is 
33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  The  township  has  some 
manufactures  of  broadcloth,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  603. 

Middlefield,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Otsego  Lake.  Pop.  2693.  It  con- 
tains the  villages  of  Clarksville  and  Middlefield  Centre,  at 
the  former  of  which  is  Middlefield  Post-Office. 

Middlefield,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Middlefield 
township,  Geauga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chardon,  and  about  36  miles  E. 
of  Cleveland.  Here  are  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship. 732. 

Middlefield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Cooperstown,  and  about  32  miles  S.E. 
»f  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Middleford,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Nanticoke  River,  3  miles  above  Seaford,  and  about  36  miles 
B.  by  W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  church,  a  flonr-mill,  and  a 
law-mill. 

Middle  Fork,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  HL  Pop. 
1440,     It  contains  Marysville. 

Middle  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Middle  Fork,  township,  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  510. 

Middle  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Middle  Fork,  township,  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1134. 

Middle  Fork,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.     P.  279. 

Middle  Fork,  township,  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1046. 

Middle  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Hock- 
mgco.,  0.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Middle  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Middle  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va., 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Beverly. 

Middle  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River  rises  in  Hamilton 
i».,  Neb.,  runs  eastward  through  York  co.,  and  unites  with 
the  North  Fork  in  Seward  co.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Middle  Fork  of  Feather  River.    See  Feather  River. 

Middle  Fork  of  Ivy,  a  township  of  Madison  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  793. 

Middle  Ga'briel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex., 
ID  miles  from  Burnet.     It  has  a  church. 

Middle  Gran'ville,  a  post- village  in  Granville  town- 


ship, Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rensselaer  <k  Saratoga 
Railroad,  66  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany,  and  about  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese  and  slate.     Pop.  about  500. 

Middle  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Middle  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  in 
Union  township,  67  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and  9  miles 
E.  of  Moberly.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Middle  Grove,  or  Jamesville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has 
a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Middle  Had'dam,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.. 
Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  20 
miles  below  Hartford,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Rail- 
road.    It  has  2  churches  and  several  factories. 

Middleham,  mid'd^l-^m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  North  Riding,  on  the  Ure,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond, It  has  remains  of  a  castle  built  a.d.  1190.  Pop. 
of  parish,  909.  Middleham  Moor,  half  a  mile  S.W.,  is 
a  noted  training-ground  for  racers. 

Middle  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
or  near  the  Hudson  River,  4  miles  above  Newburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Middle  Island,  a  post-village  of  SuflFolk  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
the  head  of  the  Connecticut  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Pafceh- 
ogue,  and  about  15  miles  W.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Middle  Island  Creek,  West  Virginia,  drains  part 
of  Doddridge  co.,  and  runs  thence  northward  to  Middle- 
bourne,  in  Tyler  co.  Below  that  point  it  pursues  a  very 
sinuous  course,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Pleasants  co. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Middle  Island  Junction,  W.  Va.    See  Smithtox. 

Middle  Kennetcook.    See  Mosherville. 

Middle  Lanc'aster,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co..  Pa., 
in  Lancaster  township,  15  miles  W.  of  Butler.  It  has  3 
churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Middle  Locust,  Iowa.    See  Locust  Creek. 

Middle  Moun'tain,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  N.  of  New  Castle. 

Middle  Ohio,  a  post- village  in  Shelbume  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Shelbume  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Shelbume.  It 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 
Pop.  200. 

Middle  Park,  Colorado,  a  beautiful  and  fertile  plateau 
or  basin  in  Grand  co.,  between  the  North  and  South  Parks, 
environed  on  all  sides  by  high  mountains,  several  peaks  of 
which  rise  more  than  14,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
This  park  is  about  60  miles  long,  and  30  or  40  miles  wide. 
It  is  irrigated  by  the  Grand  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  forests,  valleys,  and  verdant 
prairies,  which  produce  good  natural  pasture,  together  with 
mountains  in  its  central  part.  All  the  sedimentary  rocka 
known  in  this  country  are  found  there.  Timber  and  water 
are  abundant. 

Middle  Pax'ton,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1317,  exclusive  of  Dauphin. 

Middle  Point,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Shawneetown. 

Middle  Point,  a  post- village  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  f  0  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lima.     It  has  3  churches. 

Mid'dleport,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co..  111.  Pop.  861, 
exclusive  of  Watseka,  which  is  also  called  Middleport. 

Middleport,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  Randaulsvillb. 

Middleport,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lockport,  and  6  miles  W.  of 
Medina.  It  is  mostly  in  Royalton  township.  It  contains 
4  churches,  a  fine  public  school-house,  a  banking-house,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  cheese-factory,  2  foundries,  a  paper-mill, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  boat-yard.  Many  thousand  barrels 
of  apples  are  annually  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1217. 

Middleport,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  2  miles  below  Pomeroy,  and  about  56  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  9 
churches,  rich  mines  of  coal,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  salt, 
carriages,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods.    Pop.  in  1890,  3211. 

Middleport,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Pottsville  with  Tamaqua,  • 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Pottsville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory.    Pop.  377. 

Middleport,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mid'dleport,  or  Tuscaro'ra,  a  post-village  in  Brant 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  lOJ  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Brantford.     It  contains  .",  stores.     Pop.  1 50. 


MID 


1824 


Mli) 


Middle  Ridge )  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Crosse  cc,  Wis., 
8  miles  S.  of  Bangor  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Middle  River,  Iowa,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of  Adair 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Madison  co.,  and  nearly  north- 
eastward in  Warren  oo.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River 
about  12  miles  below  the  city  of  Des  Moines.  It  is  nearly 
110  miles  long. 

Middle  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Augusta  co.,  runs 
nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenan- 
doah at  Port  Republic. 

Middle  River,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Qa. 

Middle  River,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Middle  River. 

Middle  Saluda,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Middlesborough,  mid'd^lz-b'rilh  or  mid'd^lz-biir- 
rfih,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  the 
Tees,  near  its  mouth,  and  3i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stockton  by 
railway.  It  has  grown  up  in  recent  years  as  a  port  for 
loading  colliers.  It  has  a  fine  exchange  building,  theatre, 
library,  and  park,  reading-rooms,  and  observatory,  manu- 
factures of  pottery,  castings,  rope,  sail-cloth,  yards  for 
ship-building,  great  iron-furnaces,  a  commodious  dock,  and 
exports  of  coal  and  iron.  It  sends  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment.    Pop.  in  1880,  66,934,-  in  1890,  76,516. 

Middlesborongh,  a  post- village  of  Bell  co.,  Ky.,  near 
the  Tennessee  line,  on  a  branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville Railroad,  about  46  miles  N.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  bottling-works,  wood-works, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles,  sewer-pipe,  iron, 
furniture,  boxes,  lumber,  and  coke.     Pop.  in  1890,  3271. 

Mid'dlesex,  the  metropolitan  county  of  England,  hav- 
ing N.  the  CO.  of  Herts,  E.  Essex,  S.  the  Thames  (which 
separates  it  from  Kent  and  Surrey),  and  W.  Buck;.  Area, 
281  square  miles,  this  being,  next  to  Rutland,  the  smallest 
English  county.  Surface  mostly  flat  in  the  S.  W.,  elsewhere 
undulating.  Principal  rivers,  besides  the  Thames,  the 
Brent,  and  the  Colne  and  Lea,  which  form  respectively 
its  W.  and  E.  boundaries.  The  Grand  Junction  Canal  and 
the  New  River  Cut  also  intersect  the  county.  Grass-farms 
for  the  supply  of  London  with  milk  and  hay  greatly  exceed 
in  extent  the  cultivated  land.  Market-gardens  are  very 
extensive,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  county  is  occupied  by 
villas  and  pleasure-grounds.  It  sends  48  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  7  being  for  the  county,  and  41  for  the 
metropolitan  boroughs  N.  of  the  Thames.  Pop.  3,251,703. 
Middlesex,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Connecticut,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Connecticut  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island 
Sound,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Hammonasset  and  Sal- 
mon Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,  Ac. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  manufactures  of 
various  articles.  This  county  nas  quarries  of  gneiss  or 
granite  and  red  sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building, 
which  is  much  used  in  New  York  City.  It  is  intersected 
by  several  branches  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  and  by  the  Moriden,  Waterbury  A  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad.  Capitals,  North  Plain  and  Haddam. 
Pop.  in  1870,  36,099;  in  1880,  35,589;  in  1890,  39,524. 

Jttiddlesex,  a  northeastern  county  of  Massachusetts, 
Has  an  area  of  about  827  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Merrimac  and  Nashua  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Charles,  Concord,  Sudbury,  and  Assabet  Rivers,  which  afford 
abundant  water-power.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  white  ash,  elm, 
chestnut,  beech,  hickory,  Ac.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  The 
prosperity  of  this  county  is  derived  chiefly  from  extensive 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  woollen 
goods,  leather,  carpets,  watches,  and  many  other  articles. 
The  value  of  the  boots  and  shoes  made  in  this  county  some- 
times amounts  to  over  $16,000,000  per  annum,  and  that  of 
the  cotton  goods  to  over  $12,000,000.  It  contains  the  cities 
of  Cambridge,  Lowell,  Maiden,  Newton,  Somerville,  Walt- 
ham,  and  Woburn.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  A 
Albany  Railroad,  several  branches  of  the  Boston  A  Maine 
Railroad,  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad.  Capitals,  Lowell  and  Cambridge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
274,353;  in  1880,  317,8^30;  in  1890,  431,167. 

Middlesex,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  borders  on  Rari- 
tan  Bay,  a  part  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  about  310 
square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Staten 
Island  Sound,  is  intersected  by  the  Raritan  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Millstone  and  South  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple 


products.  Sandstone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  the  Central  of 
New  Jersey  Railroad,  the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  and  twO' 
divisions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  one  of  the  latter 
centring  at,  and  the  other  passing  through.  New  Bruns- 
wick, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  46,029  • 
in  1880,  52,286;  in  1890,  61,754. 

Middlesex,  an  eastern  county  of  Virginia,  borders  on 
Chesapeake  Bay.  Area,  about  135  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  and 
the  Plankatank  River  forms  its  Vf.  and  S.W.  boundaries. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  pro- 
duces a  little  Indian  corn,  wheat,  Ac.  Capital,  Saluda. 
Poix  in  1870,  4981;  in  1880,  6252  ;  in  1890,  7458. 

Middlesex,  a  county  in  the  western  part  of  Ontario, 
intersected  by  the  Thames  River,  and  traversed  by  im- 
portant lines  of  railway.  Area,  1134  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, London.     Pop.  in  1891,  103,039. 

Middlesex,  a  post-village  of  Yates  cc,  N.Y.,  in  Mid- 
dlesex township,  on  the  projected  Geneva  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Canandaigua,  and  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Geneva.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  turbine  water-wheels.  The  township  is  bounded 
W.  by  Canandaigua  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1359. 

Middlesex,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  oo.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Cowans- 
ville  Post-Office. 

Middlesex,  a  township  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  1010. 

Middlesex,  township,  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1417. 

Middlesex,  a  post-hamlet  in  Middlesex  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Conedogwinit  Creek,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Carlisle.  Pop, 
of  the  township,  1417. 

Middlesex,  or  West  Middlesex,  a  borough  of  Mer- 
cer CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  A 
Pittsburg  RAilroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sharon,  and  15  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  New  Castle.  It  contains  2  banks,  3  churches,  a 
union  school,  a  rolling-mill,  4  furnaces,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  888.  Coal  is  mined  near  thia  place.  The  name  of  it» 
post-office  is  West  Middlesex. 

Middlesex,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  township, 
Washington  oo.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  3  ohurohes,  2  saw-mills,  and  an  oil-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1171. 

Middlesex  Village,  a  former  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.  It  contains  many  fine  residences.  It  has 
been  annexed  to  Lowell,  and  the  poet-office  still  so  desig- 
nated is  a  branch  of  Lowell  Post-Office. 

Middle  Si'monds,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo.. 
New  Brunswick,  near  the  St.  John  River,  17  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a 
store.     Pop.  460. 

Middle  Smith'field,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1359. 

Middle  Southampton,  siith-amp't9n,  a  post-village 
in  York  oo..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  47 
miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Middle  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Shippensburg,  and  about  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Middle  Sprite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Oppenheim  township,  11  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Middle  SteAviacke,  ste-w^-ak'e,  a  post-village  in 
Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Brookfleld.  Gold 
has  been  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  300. 

Middle  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Middlesworth,  mid'd^lz-wiirth,  a  station  in  Shelby 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Shelbyville. 

Mid'dleton,  or  Middleton  and  Tonge,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  5  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Man- 
chester. It  has  coal-mines,  manufactures  of  silks  and  cot- 
tons, and  a  fine  old  church.     Pop.  (1891)  12,140. 

Middleton,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Armagh.     Pop.  434. 

Middleton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14  miles  E.  of 
Cork,  on  a  navigable  stream  of  the  same  name,  flowing  into 
Cork  harbor.  Pop.  3063.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  its  port 
is  reached  by  vessels  of  about  200  tons. 

Middleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
from  Jasper.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Middleton,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Qa. 

Middleton,  a  post-village  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho,  about  40 
miles  W.  of  Bois6  City.  It  ha«  a  flour-mill,  a  nursery,  a 
blacksmith-shop,  and  a  hotel. 


MID 


1825 


MID 


iViddleton,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Ohio 
k  Mississippi  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Middleton,  a  village  of  Wayne  oo.,  111.,  40  miles  E.N.E. 
ol  Duquoin.     Here  is  Long  Prairie  Post-Offioe. 

Middleton,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  Mass.,  in  Mid- 
dleton  township,  on  the  Lawrence  Eranch  of  the  Eastern 
.Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Salem,  and  18  or  19  miles  N. 
of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  shoe-factory,  a  tannery,  <kc. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1092. 

Middieton,  a  post-township  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  30 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  township,  476. 

Middleton,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1465. 

Middletou,  or  Middletown,  a  hamlet  of  Champaign 
CO.,  0.,  1  mile  from  Mingo.     It  has  a  church. 

Middleton,  township,  Columbiana  co.,  0.     Pop.  1327. 

Middleton,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Milton 
township,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  Pop.  71.  Here  is 
Dawkin's  Mills  Post-OflSoe. 

Middleton,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  4i  miles  S.  of 
Junction  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Middleton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Oregon, 
16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Middleton,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  649. 

Middleton,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  Camden  Branch,  24  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Kingsville. 

Middleton,  a  village  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
miles  S.  of  Murfreesborough.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Middleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  about  30 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Crockett. 

3Iiddleton,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mid- 
dleton  township,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Mendota,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  planing- 
mill.  Pop.  285 ;  of  the  township,  1718.  The  township  con- 
tains a  hamlet  named  Pheasant  Branch. 

Middleton,  a  post- village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  the  Western  Counties  Railway,  101  miles  W.  of 
Halifax.  It  has  3  stores,  and  a  trade  in  lumber  and  pro- 
duce. Iron-  and  copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity. 
Pop.  200. 

Jliddleton,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  13  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  150. 

Middleton  Centre,  Ontario.    See  Courtland. 

Middleton  in  Teesdale,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Durham,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barnard  Castle.  Pop.  of 
township,  2386. 

Middleton  Station,  a  post- village  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Ripley  Railroad,  69  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  150. 

Mid'dletown,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Calistoga.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Cinnabar  (quicksilver)  is  mined  near  this  place,  which  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery  and  mineral  springs.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Middletown,  a  hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Redding.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Middletown,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Connecticut, 
and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Middlesex  co.,  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  the  New  Haven, 
Middletown  <fc  Willimantic  Railroad  ("Air  Line"),  and 
other  branches  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hurtford 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Hartford,  and  24  miles  N.E.  of 
New  Haven,  The  principal  mercantile  houses  and  hotels 
are  on  Main  street,  which  is  broad  and  level.  The  more 
elevated  parts  of  the  city  are  occupied  by  elegant  resi- 
dences (on  High  street),  with  fine  gardens  and  highly 
ornamented  grounds.  This  city  contains  a  stone  court- 
house, a  custom-house,  4  national  banks,  an  industrial 
school  for  girls,  state  asylum  for  the  insane,  the  Berkeley 
Divinity  School  (Protestant  Episcopal),  and  the  Wesleyan 
University  (Methodist),  which  was  organized  in  1831  and 
has  25  professors  and  instructors,  about  300  students,  and  a 
library  of  25,000  volumes.  One  daily  and  1  weekly  news- 
paper are  published  here.  On  a  high  hill  1  mile  S.E.  of 
this  city  are  the  large  and  imposing  buildings  of  the 
State  General  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  having  accommoda- 
tions for  1300  patients.  The  main  building  is  of  Portland 
sandstone.  Middletown  has  manufactures  of  britannia- 
ware,  tape,  webbing,  pumps,  electric-light  supplies,  locks, 
harness,  Ac.  An  iron  railway  bridge  across  the  river  con- 
nects this  cit:j  with  the  township  of  Portland,  in  which  the 


celebrated  Portland  sandstone  is  quarried.  The  trains  of 
the  Air-Line  Railroad  pa«s  over  this  bridge.  The  harbor 
of  this  port  has  10  feet  of  water  at  the  wharves.  The  New 
York  and  Hartford  steamboats  touch  here.  Middletown 
was  settled  in  1636,  and  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1784. 
Pop.  in  1880,  6826;  in  1890,  9013. 

Middletown,  a  post- village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  Railroad,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington, 
and  3  miles  W.  of  Odessa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  hotels,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  carriage-shops,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements  and  baskets.  Large  quantities  of 
peaches  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1454. 

Middletown,  Champaign  co.,  HI.    See  Mahomet. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  in  Cor- 
wine  township,  on  or  near  Salt  Creek,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  drug-store.    Pop.  223. 

Middletown,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  in  Fall  Creek  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Richmond  with  Logansport,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Anderson,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  711. 

Middletown,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  2  miles 
from  Waldron  Station. 

Middletown,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Des  Moines 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9 
miles  W.  of  Burlington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Middletown,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  25 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Humboldt. 

Middletown,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  13 
miles  E.  of  Louisville,  on  the  Shelby  Railroad.  It  has  an 
academy,  3  churches,  and  a  rope-factory.     Pop.  244. 

Middletown,  a  post- village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  in 
the  fertile  Catoctin  Valley,  on  or  near  Catoctin  Creek,  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fred- 
erick. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office, 
6  or  6  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  746. 

Middletown,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  139. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
2163.     It  contains  Waverly. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo., 
in  Prairie  township,  on  the  Cuivre  (or  Copper)  River,  about 
44  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  389. 

Middletown,  a  post- village  in  Middletown  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York  City,  4  or  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Red  Bank,  and  IS  miles  W.  of  Middletown  Station 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches 
and  several  carriage-factories.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Raritan  (or  Sandy  Hook)  Bay,  and  contains 
villages  named  Leedsville,  Navesink,  New  Monmouth,  and 
Port  Monmouth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  5059. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.  Pep. 
3029.  It  contains  Margaretville,  Lumberville,  Halcotts- 
ville,  Griffin's  Corners,  New  Kingston,  Ac. 

Middletown,  a  post-town  of  Orange  co.,  N.T.,  is  situ- 
ated in  Wallkill  township,  in  the  valley  of  the  Wallkill 
River,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  New 
York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Newburg.  By  railroad  it  is  66  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
York,  and  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Goshen.  It  is  also  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad.  It  contains 
8  churches,  the  Wallkill  Academy  and  union  school,  2  or  3 
national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an  opera-house,  2  public 
halls,  hotels  called  the  Grand  Central  and  Ogden  House, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  gas-works  and  iron -works,  and  is  supplied 
with  water  brought  from  Monhagan  Lake.  It  has  also 
manufactories  of  wool  hats,  blankets,  carpet-bags,  and 
saws.  The  state  homoeopathic  insane  asylum  is  located 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  6049;  in  1880,  8494;  in  1890, 11,977. 

Middletown,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.  P.  8351. 
It  contains  New  Dorp,  Edgewater,  and  other  villages. 

Middletown,  a  village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Half 
Moon  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Waterford,  and  13  miles  N. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school.  Here  ia 
Half  Moon  Post-Office.    Pop.  about  200. 

Middletown,  a  city  of  Ohio,  in  Lemon  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Miami  River  (here 
crossed  by  a  bridge),  and  on  the  Miami  A  Erie  Canal,  at  the 
convergence  of  6  railroads,  34  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  and 
22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  12  churches,  3  banks, 


MID 


1826 


MID 


a  high  school,  8  paper-mills,  4  paper-bag-factoriee,  2  large 
tobacco-factories,  a  brewery,  manufactures  of  machinery, 
agricultural-implements,  twine,  malt,  flour,  <fco.,  electric 
street-railways,  water-works,  and  2  daily  newspaper  oflSoes. 
Pop.  in  1890,  7681. 

Jniddletown,  Guernsey  co.,  0.    See  Middlebourne. 

Middletown,  a  village  of  Holmes  oo.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  150. 
Here  is  Mount  Hope  Post-Office. 

Middletown,  a  hamlet  in  Moon  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Haysville. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills.  Here  is  Vancefort  Post- 
OflSce. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2360.     It  contains  Langhorne. 

Middletown,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Swatara  Creek,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  is  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal,  and 
is  a  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad.  An  electric  railroad  extends  hence  to  Harris- 
burg, and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  s  station  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  Middletown  contains  8 
churches,  2  banks,  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  ofSces, 
the  Emaus  Orphan  House,  extensive  iron-works,  a  planing- 
mill  and  sash-factory,  car-works,  a  tannery,  a  furniture- 
factory,  a  flour-mill  (roller  process),  an  opera-house,  electric 
cars,  water- works,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  6080. 

Middletown,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Hempfield  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Greensburg,  and  about 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Here  is  Cribbs  Post-Office. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Newport  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the 
island  of  Aquidneck.  Pop.  1074.  It  has  2  churches  and 
important  fisheries.  Several  of  the  best  Newport  beaches 
are  in  this  township. 

Middletown,  a  township  in  Rutland  co.,  Yt.  Pop. 
777.     It  contains  Middletown  Springs. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  A  Valley 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Winchester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  410. 

Mid'dletown,  a  small  village  in  Simooe  oo.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Bradford.     Pop.  100. 

Middletown  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Middletown  Ferry,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  opposite  Middletown,  Dauphin  co..  Pa. 

Middletown  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in  Middletown  township,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Poultney,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  mineral  springs  which  contain  iron,  and  a  large  hotel 
with  rooms  for  300  guests,  also  a  money-order  post-office 
and  3  churches. 

Middle  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Middle  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Morris^co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  High  Bridge  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  High  Bridge. 
It  has  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  about  350. 

Middle  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Hawley,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Honesdale.    It  has  a  tannery. 

Mid'dleville,  a  post- village  in  Thomapple  township, 
Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Thomapple  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  River  Valley  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  bank,  2  saw-mills,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  678. 

Middleville,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Minneap- 
olis. It  is  drained  by  the  North  Fork  of  Crow  River. 
Pop.  736. 

Middleville,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  South 
Orange  township,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newark,  and  1  mile 
from  Maplewood.     It  has  a  church  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Middleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Paulins  River,  7  miles  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Middleville,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
West  Canada  Creek,  about  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Utica,  and 
7  miles  N.  of  Herkimer.  It  is  mostly  in  Newport  town- 
ship, and  partly  in  Fairfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union 
school,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Middleville,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  oo.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  N.  nf  Lanark.     Pop.  200. 


Mid'dleway,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  Opequan  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Martinsburg.  It 
has  3  or  4  churches,  a  carpet-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mid'dlewich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  21  miles  E. 
of  Chester,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal,  and  2  miles  E.  of 
the  Grand  Junction  Railway.  The  town  has  manufactures 
of  silk  and  cotton,  and  a  large  trade  in  salt  obtained  from 
the  brine-springs  of  the  vicinity.     Pop.  3085. 

Middle  VFood'berry,  a  township  of  Bedford  co.. 
Pa.     P^.  1483. 

Middle  Yu'ba,  a  river  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  rises  on  the 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and,  flowing  in  a  general 
W.S.W.  course,  falls  into  the  Yuba  River  75  miles  above 
Marysville.  Gold  is  found  on  this  stream,  which  also 
a&'ords  valuable  water-power. 

Midg'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  3065. 

Mid'hurst,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Sussex,  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Chichester,  on  the  navigable  Rother,  a  tributary 
of  the  Aran.  It  has  a  grammar-school.  It  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  of  parliamentary 
borough,  6753. 

Mid'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Oliver's  Creek,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Barrie.  It  contains  a 
grist-mill  and  4  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Midiah,  mee'dee^i,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on 
the  Black  Sea,  at  the  month  of  the  Tolopas.  Lat.  41°  38' 
N. ;  Ion.  28°  8'  E.  It  has  a  small  roadstead,  where  vessels 
may  anchor  in  10  or  12  fathoms. 

Midi,  Dent>du>,  Alps.    See  DEMT-on-MiDi. 

Midi,  Pic  du,  Europe.     See  Ptreneks. 

Mid'land,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Tittabawassee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Chippewa 
and  Pine  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Lumber,  oats, 
Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products  of 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Mar- 
quette and  Michigan  Central  Railroads,  both  of  which  con- 
nect with  Midland,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  3285  j  in 
1874,  4765;  in  1880,  6893;  in  1890,  10,657. 

Midland,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Midland  oo.,  Mich., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Tittabawassee  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  or  Pine  River,  and  on  the  Flint 
A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  East  Sag- 
inaw, and  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  6  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
2  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2277;  of  the  township,  additional,  1020. 

Midland,  a  post-hamlet  oi  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  in  Mara- 
meo  township,  on  or  near  the  Marameo  River,  and  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Salem  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  99  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Louis.  It  has  a  blast-fumaoe  for  pig-iron.  Iron  and 
lead  are  found  here. 

Midland,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Midland  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railway,  in  a  stock-  and  grape-grow- 
ing section,  146  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  It  has  3  churches 
(5  organizations),  a  bank,  graded  public  schools,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Midland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Alexandria. 

Midland  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co.,  HI.,  in 
Barnett  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Clinton  and 
Lincoln,  2i  miles  from  Hallsville.     Pop.  about  100. 

Midland  Junction,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  Iowa, 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Clinton  A  Dubuque  and  Iowa  Midland  Railroads,  7 
miles  N.  of  Lyons. 

Midland  Junction,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Norwich. 

Midland  Park,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jersey  City. 

Mid-Lothian,  Scotland.    See  Edinburgh. 

Midlo'thian,  a  post-village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va^ 
near  Coalfield  Station  on  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Rail- 
road, about  13  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal-mining  is  the  chief  business  of  this  place.     Pop.  500. 

Mid^uapoor',  or  Midnapur,  mid^na-poor',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  capital  of  Midnapoor  district,  on  the  Cassai  (or 
Kasai)  River,  70  miles  by  canal  W.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a 
jail,  a  hospital,  a  dispensary,  barracks,  brass-  and  copper- 
works,  government  and  other  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  31,491. 

Midnapoor,  or  Midnapur,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
bounded  S.E.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal  and  the  river  Iloogly, 


MID 


1827 


MIF 


and  S.W.,  in  part,  by  the  province  of  Orissa.  Area,  5082 
square  miles.  It  is  generally  a  fertile  plain,  but  in  the  W. 
and  N.  the  soil  is  poor  and  the  surface  a  jungle.  Chief 
products,  rice,  sugar,  dates,  indigo,  silk,  lac,  honey,  and 
wax.     Capital,  Midnapoor.     Pop.  2,540,963. 

Midoes,  or  Midoens,  me-do'4Ns,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  2478. 

Midonze^  mee^dooz',  a  navigable  river  of  France,  in 
Landes,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Midou  and  Douze,  enters 
the  Adour  on  the  right.  Length,  18  miles,  or,  comprising 
the  Midou,  65  miles. 

Midro^y  mid'ro-i\  a  town  of  Algeria,  on  the  river 
Faled,  134  miles  S.W.  of  Algiers. 

Mid'somer  Norton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Bath.     Pop.  of  parish,  4010. 

Mid'vale,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Phillipsburg. 

Midvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pomp- 
ton  township,  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.  of  Montclair.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mid'Tille,  a  post-village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  about  94  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  a 
plough-factory  and  several  general  stores. 

Mid'way,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Montgomery  <fc  Eufaula  Railroad,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery. It  has  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  612. 

Midway,  a  hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Washita  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Donaldson  Station.     It  has 

3  churches. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  ?o.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  by  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Tallahassee.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  about  36 
miles  W,  of  Peoria,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Spoon  River.  It  has 
2  churches  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  in  Grass  township,  Spencer  co., 
Ind.,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Midway,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Iowa  City. 

Midway,  a  post-oflSce  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Lexington,  and  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  paper-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the 
Midway  orphan  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1185. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Vicksburg  <fc  Meridian  Railroad,  22^  miles  W.  of  Jackson, 
and  22i  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  contains  Midway  Col- 
lege and  a  steam  mill. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  W. 
of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Midway,  a  small  village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church  and  a  masonic  hall. 
Here  is  Jasper  Post-Office. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co,,  N.Y.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Freeville,  at  South  Lansing  Station. 

Midway,  a  post-township  of  Davidson  oo,,  N.C.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Salem,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Lexington.     It  has 

4  churches.  Here  is  the  Bethany  High  School.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1026. 

Midway,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Weldon  to  Gaston,  6  miles  from  either  place, 

Midway,  Guernsey  co.,  0.     See  Cbntreville. 

Midway,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Range  town- 
ship, about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  300.     Here  is  Cross  Roads  Post-Office. 

MidAvay,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Midway,  a  post-village  in  Robinson  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  or  Pittsburg  &  Columbus 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  public  halls.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Midway,  a  post-viUage  in  Midway  township,  Barnwell 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  2  miles  from  the 
Edisto  River,  and  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston,  It  has 
3  churches  and  several  schools.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1218. 

Midway,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C,     Pop.  425. 

MidAVay,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  63  miles  E. 
by  N,  of  Knoxville.     It  has  3  general  stores.    Pop.  200. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Huntsville,  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  steam  cotton-gin, 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Wasatch  oo,,  Utah,  about  30 


miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  silver- 
mine.     Pop.  676. 

Midway,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va, 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  co,,  Wis,,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  warehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  300. 

Midway  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 

Midwolde,  mid'^^ol-d^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Groningen,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Winschoten.  Pop, 
of  commune,  3689. 

Miechow,  or  Mjechow,  me-i'Kov,  a  town  of  Poland, 
province  and  44  miles  S.W.  of  Kielce.     Pop.  1595. 

Miedzychod,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Birxbaxtv. 

Miedzyrzyc,  me-8d^ziB'zits,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Siedlec,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Bug. 
Pop.  4500. 

Mi^lan,  me-i^liso',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oers,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1910. 

Mieiec,  me-i-lSts',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  about 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Tarnow,  on  the  Wysloka.     Pop.  2995. 

Mier  (meer),  or  Lanc'aster,  a  post-village  in  Lan- 
caster township,  Wabash  co..  111.,  12  miles  N.W,  of  Mount 
Carmel.     It  has  3  stores.     Post-office,  Mier. 

Mier,  meer,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township.  Grant 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Pipe  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Logansport  with  Marion,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Mieres  del  Camino,  me-4'r5s  d4l  ki-mee'no,  or  San 
Juan  Bantista,  sin  Hoo-in'  bow-tees'ti,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Asturias,  10  miles  S.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Lena  or 
Caudal.  It  has  a  fine  palace,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  trade 
in  cinnabar,  iron,  sulphur,  and  coal. 

Mies,  mees,  or  Silber-Bergstadt,  sil'b^r-biRo'stitt, 
a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  15  miles  W.  of  Pilsen.  Pop. 
3795,  mostly  employed  in  extensive  lead-  and  silver-mines. 

Miesbach,  mees'b&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2067. 

Mieshchowsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Meshchovsk. 

Mietau,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mitau, 

Mietska  Gorka,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Gorchen. 

Mienssy,  me-us^see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
province  of  Faucigny.     Pop.  of  commune,  2294, 

Mieza,  me-i'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and 
about  54  miles  from  Salamanca.     Pop.  1174. 

Mifflin,  a  county  of  Pennsylvania,  is  near  the  middle 
of  the  state.  Area,  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
in  the  S.E.  part  by  the  Juniata  River,  which  here  runs  in 
a  northeasterly  direction.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
beautiful  mountain-scenery,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  a  branch 
of  which  extends  from  Lewistown  to  Sunbury.  Capital, 
Lewistown,  Pop.  in  1870,  17,608;  in  1880,  19,577;  in 
1890,  19,996, 

Mifflin,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co,,  Ind,,  about  42 
miles  W.  of  New  Albany. 

Mifllin,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Mifflin 
township,  about  9  miles  E.N.B.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2 
churches.  Pop.  about  400.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Black  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  781. 

Mifllin,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1562. 

Mifllin,  a  township  of  Pike  oo,,  0.     Pop.  1108. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop,  898. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Wyandot  oo.,  0.  Pop,  866.  It 
contains  a  part  of  Nevada. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Pop,  5058. 
It  contains  Braddock, 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Columbia  co,.  Pa,     Pop.  1029. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    Pop,  1465. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.  Pop.  614,  ex- 
clusive of  Berrysburg  and  Uniontown. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa.     Pop,  1004. 

Mifflin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  oo„  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  &  Tremont  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Lebanon. 

Mifflin,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
15  miles  £.  by  S.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church, 

Mifflin,  a  post- village  in  Mifflin  township,  Iowa  oo., 
Wis.,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque,  and  10  miles  W,  of 
Mineral  Point.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen - 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1526, 

Mirflinbnrg,  or  Yonng'manstown,  a  post-bor- 
ough of  Union  oo,,  Pa.,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  and  on  the  Lew- 
isburg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  9  miles  W,  by  S. 
of  Lewisburg,  and  about  22  miles  S,  of  WilUamsport.     It 


MIF 


1828 


MIL 


contains  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1417. 

Mifflin  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  in  Beaver  town- 
ship, Colsmbia  co,.  Pa.,  on  the  Danville,  Hazelton  A 
Wilkesbarre  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Mifflintown,  or  Mifflin,  a  post-borough,  capital  of 
Juniata  oo..  Pa.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  left  or  N. 
bank  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.  of  Lewistown,  and  49  miles  by  railroad 
N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house,  3 
churches,  2  banks,  and  a  coach-factory.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  877.  A  bridge  across 
the  river  connects  this  town  with  Patterson,  in  which  is 
Mifflintown  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

Mirflinville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

Mifflinville,  a  post- village  in  Mifflin  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  300.     The  Lackawanna 

6  Bloomsburg  Railroad  is  on  the  other  bank  of  the  river. 

Migalgara,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Malqarah. 

Migliarina,  meel-yi-ree'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2298. 

Miglionico,  meel-yon'e-ko,  a  market-town  of  Italy, 
in  Basilicata,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Matera.     Pop.  3711. 

Mignanego,  meen-yi-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Genoa,  2  miles  from  San  Quirico.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2779. 

Mign6)  meen^yA',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vienne,  on 
the  Auzance.     Pop.  639. 

Migueltnrra,  me-ghSrtooR'Ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  New 
Castile,  2  miles  S.  of  Ciudad  Real.  It  has  4  hermitages, 
one  of  which,  Santo  Cristo  de  la  Misericordia,  is  remarkable 
for  the  richness  of  its  architecture.  The  manufactures 
comprise  brandy,  leather,  bricks,  and  tiles.     Pop.  6223. 

Mihaly-Falva,  mee^h&I'-fsrvShS  or  Michelsdorf, 
mee'K^ls-doRr,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Hokel  with  the  Maros. 

Mihaly-Jasz-Telek,  mee-h&I'-jis-ti'lfik',  a  village 
of  Hungary,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Zaqua  with  the  Tarna. 
Pop.  2291. 

Mihaly-Nagy ,  mee^haJ'-n3dj,  a  market-village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Zemplin.     Pop.  3616. 

MihdaAvai,  mee-daw'&l,  a  town  of  India,  Bustee  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  8124. 

Mihia,  mee'lA,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- Weimar, 

7  miles  N.  of  Eisenach.     Pop.  1484. 
Mihijan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Bhirjan. 
Mihrpur,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Mebrpoor. 
Mihsi,  a  town  of  India.    See  Maisst. 

Miias,  or  Mias,  mee^is',  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
governments  of  Orenboorg,  Perm,  and  Tobolsk,  joins  the 
Tobol  at  Yalootrovosk,  after  an  eastward  course  of  300  miles. 

Mijares,  or  Mixares,  me-Hi'rSs,  a  river  of  Spain, 
enters  the  Mediterranean  6  miles  S.  of  Castellon  de  la 
Plana,  after  an  E.  course  of  65  miles. 

M^as,  or  Mixas,  mee'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2687. 

Mijiritch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mizhiritch. 

MikesTille,  miks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo., 
Fla.,  18  miles  S.  of  Lake  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mikhail  ov,  or  Michailov,  me-Ki-lov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Riazan,  on  the 
Pronia.     Pop.  3309. 

Mikhalitza,  or  Mikhalitch.    See  Muhalitch. 

Miknas,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Mequinkz. 

Mikola,  mee^ko'loh^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szathmar,  4  miles  from  Szathmar-Nemeth.     Pop.  1183. 

Mikolajow,  mee-ko-li-yov',  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
lioia,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stry.     Pop.  2133. 

Mikra  Dili,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Delos. 

Miknlince,  me-koo-lin'si,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
in  Galicia,  12  miles  S.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  3848. 

Miknlow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Nikolsburg. 

Mila,  or  Mil  ah,  mee'li,  a  town  of  Algeria,  province 
and  21  miles  N.W.  of  Constantine,  surrounded  by  gardens 
filled  with  the  finest  fruits  and  flowers.     Pop.  2500. 

Milagro  Ergavia,  me-li'gro  ^R-gi've-i,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Navarre,  40  miles  S.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon. 
Pop.  1234.  ^        '  ^ 

Milam,  mi'lam,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Leon 
or  Little  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 


This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad  and  the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass  Railroad, 
which  meet  at  Cameron,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8984: 
in  1880,  18,659;  in  1890,  24,773. 

Milam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine  co.,  Tex.,  about  75 
miles  S.  of  Shreveport,  La.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  50. 

Milan,  mil'an  (Pr.  pron.  meeMftu*';  It.  Milano,  me- 
14'no;  Ger.  Mailand,  mi'lint;  anc.  Mediola'num),  the 
largest  city  of  Lombardy,  and  the  third  in  size  in  Italy, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  is  situated  about  90 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin,  175  miles  W.  of  Venice,  75  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Genoa,  and  325  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rome.  Lat.  45° 
28'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  11'  48"  E.  It  is  situated  in  a  beautiful 
and  fertile  plain,  between  the  Adda  and  Ticino,  which,  in  this 
part  of  their  course,  feed  four  separate  canals,  one  of  which, 
the  Naviglio  Grande,  or  "  Great  Canal,"  encircling  a  con- 
siderable portion  of  the  interior  of  the  city,  divides  it  into 
two  unequal  parts,  while  the  other  three,  on  the  outside, 
are  available  both  for  irrigation  and  traffic.  It  is  the  cen- 
tre of  several  important  railways.  It  is  built  in  the  form 
of  an  irregular  polygon,  and  is  surrounded  by  canals,  which 
were  once  flanked  with  massive  bastions.  These,  with  a 
single  exception,  have  been  removed,  and  the  space  occu- 
pied by  them  and  the  earthen  ramparts  has  been  converted 
into  walks,  shaded  by  chestnut-trees.  The  town  is  entered 
by  11  gates,  the  streets  leading  from  which  are  of  conve- 
nient breadth,  well  paved  and  lighted.  The  Piazza  d'Armi 
is  an  immense  space,  obtained  by  the  demolition  of  the 
citadel  and  ita  outworks;  it  is  used  for  the  exercise  of 
troops,  and  has  extensive  barracks;  part  of  it  has  been 
converted  into  an  amphitheatre  capable  of  containing 
30,000  spectators.  The  houses  of  Milan  are  built,  for  the 
most  part,  of  brick,  and  covered  with  tiles,  but  have  often 
a  handsome  and  showy  exterior.  The  finest  streets  have 
ranges  of  elegant  mansions,  which  would  be  ornaments  to 
any  capital. 

Among  the  great  number  of  public  edifices  that  adorn 
Milan,  the  most  remarkable  is  the  Duomo  or  cathedral,  a 
vast  and  magnificent  structure,  situated  almost  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  city,  in  the  Piazza  del  Duomo.  The  edifice  waa 
commenced  in  1387,  and  has  ever  since  been  advancing  to- 
wards completion.  It  is  built  of  white  marble,  and  is  re- 
markable for  the  extreme  lightness  of  its  construction.  It 
is  490  feet  long,  298  feet  wide,  and  355  feet  high  to  the  top 
of  the  dome,  above  which  rises  an  elegant  tower.  Its  form 
is  that  of  a  Latin  cross,  divided  into  five  naves.  Around 
the  roofs  and  sides  are  4600  niches,  of  which  many  are  oc- 
cupied by  statues.  The  building  is  adorned  with  more  than 
a  hundred  beautiful  spires.  In  the  interior  everything  is 
of  the  most  imposing  and  gorgeous  description.  The  floor 
is  formed  of  marble  of  difi'erent  colors,  disposed  in  various 
figures;  paintings  by  the  most  celebrated  masters  adorn  the 
walls ;  and  the  figures  sketched  on  the  windows  are  of  a  size 
and  boldness  probably  unequalled  in  the  world.  The  other 
remarkable  edifices  are  the  church  of  Sant'  Ambrogio, 
founded  by  St.  Ambrose  in  387,  containing  so  many  an- 
cient epitaphs  and  other  relics  as  to  form  a  rich  museum 
of  Christian  antiquities;  the  church  of  Sant'  Eustorgio, 
with  interesting  monuments;  the  church  of  Santa  Maria 
delle  Grazie,  in  which  is  the  celebrated  "  Last  Supper,"  by 
Leonardo  da  Vinci ;  the  church  of  Santa  Maria  della  Pas- 
sione,  with  a  magnificent  mausoleum ;  the  Palazzo  Reale ; 
the  archiepiscopal  palace,  adjoining  the  cathedral;  the 
Palazzo  di  Governo,  containing  a  vast  court  lined  with  por- 
ticos supported  by  pillars;  the  Palazzo  del  Marino,  now 
a  custom-house  and  treasury;  the  Broletto,  or  Palazzo 
Municipali ;  the  former  Palazzo  della  Ragione,  now  the  corn 
exchange;  the  Palazzo  di  Giustizia;  the  railway  station; 
the  Galleria  Vittorio  Emanuele,  a  beautiful  and  costly  build- 
ing, occupied  by  shops ;  the  mint ;  the  barracks,  forming  a 
long  and  elegant  range  of  buildings,  capable  of  holding 
4000  men ;  the  prisons,  one  of  which  is  regarded  as  a  model 
of  its  kind ;  the  house  of  correction  at  Porta  Nuova ;  and  a 
great  number  of  theatres,  among  which  that  called  Della 
Scala  takes  precedence,  accommodating  4000  spectators. 

The  chief  scientific  and  educational  establishments  »r» 
the  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  with  a  library  of  270,000 
volumes,  valuable  manuscripts,  a  picture-gallery  rich  in 
the  choicest  productions  of  the  ancient  Italian  masters, 
an  astronomical  and  magnetical  observatory,  considered  the 
finest  in  Italy,  and  a  botanic  garden ;  the  Ambrosian  Li- 
brary, with  160,000  volumes  and  15,000  manuscripts;  the 
Trivulzio  Library,  20,000  volumes  and  2000  manuscripts; 
5  gymnasia,  a  normal  school,  a  school  of  medicine  and  sur- 
gery, several  learned  societies,  and  a  military  geographical 
institute,  which  publishes  excellent  maps.  The  principal 
benevolent  endowments  are  the  Ospitale  Maggiore,  richly 


I 


MIL 


1829 


MIL 


•adowed,  and  occupying  a  vast  range  of  buildings  in  the 
Gothic  style,  with  a  fapade  adorned  by  five  bas-reliefs,  and 
a  large  square  court  enclosed  by  porticos,  the  Ospitale  di 
Santa  Caterina,  the  Ospitale  dei  Pate-bene-Fratelli,  the 
Ospitale  dei  Pazzi,  the  Monte  di  Pieta.,  the  infant  house  of 
refuge,  the  house  of  incurables,  the  penitentiary  and  house 
of  industry,  the  military,  orphan,  and  foundling  hospitals. 

Milan  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  seat  of  courts  of 
primary  resort,  criminal  and  mercantile  courts,  and  a  court 
of  appeal  for  all  Lombardy.  It  is  the  largest  book-mart 
in  Italy;  and  from  its  position  on  the  great  routes  across 
the  Alps,  and  its  connection  by  canals  with  the  principal 
rivers  in  Italy,  it  is  favorably  situated  for  trade.  Its  man- 
ufactures comprise  silks,  velvets,  ribbons,  lace,  cotton,  car- 
pets, jewelry,  glass,  paper,  and  porcelain;  it  has  a  royal 
tobacco-manufactory. 

Milan  is  very  ancient;  it  was  founded  in  400  B.C.,  and  was 
inhabited  and  embellished  by  many  of  the  Roman  emperors. 
Virgil  studied  here,  and  it  is  the  birthplace  of  many  emi- 
nent persons,  among  whom  may  be  named  the  Popes  Alex- 
ander II.,  Urban  III.,  Celestine  IV.,  Pius  IV.,  and  Gregory 
XIV.,  the  jurist  Alciato,  the  geometer  Cardan,  Beccaria, 
and  the  novelist  Manzoni.  It  was  the  capital  of  a  republic 
in  1056 ;  in  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  made  the 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Milan ;  it  passed  successively  under 
the  dominion  of  Spain  and  Austria,  and  was  taken  by  the 
French  in  1796  and  1800.  In  1805  the  French  made  it  the 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy.  It  was  retaken  by  Austria 
in  1814,  but  after  several  insurrections  the  Austrians  were 
temporarily  expelled  in  1848.  After  four  months  the  city 
was  again  captured  by  them,  and  remained  in  their  posses- 
sion until  1859,  when  Lombardy  was  incorporated  in  the 
kingdom   of   Italy.      Pop.   in    1846,    156,326;    in    1881, 

295,543,  or,  including  the  suburbs,  321,839. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Milanese,  miran-eez'  (It.  pron.  me-li-ni'si). 

Milan,  also  called  the  Milanese,  a  province  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  containing  the  capital  city  of  the  same 
name.     Area,  1155  square  miles.     Pop.  1,009,794. 

Mi'Ian,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.     Pop.  857. 

Milan,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  111.     Pop.  322. 

Milan,  or  Cam'den  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Black 
Hawk  township.  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Rock  River, 
opposite  South  Rock  Island,  and  on  the  Peoria  <fc  Rock 
Island  Railroad,  also  on  the  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County 
Railroad,  5^  miles  S.  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  chair-factory, 
and  12  stores.     It  has  immense  water-power.     Pop.  818. 

Milan,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  traversed  by  the 
Maumee  River.     Pop.  1183. 

Milan,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Ripley  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  of 
Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-  and  a  flour-mill. 

Milan,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa. 

Milan,  a  post-oflSce  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Wichita. 

Milan,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    See  Unadilla. 

Milan,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  about  42 
miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  contains  a  village  named  East 
Milan,  and  part  of  the  village  of  Milan.     Pop.  1488. 

Milan,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  and  Washtenaw  cos., 
Mich.,  in  Milan  and  York  townships,  16  miles  S.  of  Ann 
Arbor.  It  has  a  church,  a  stave-factory,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Milan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  Laclede, 
and  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  is  between 
the  Middle  and  East  Forks  of  Locust  Creek,  which  are 
uearl}'  3  miles  apart.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  steam 
grist-mill,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1234. 

Milan,  a  post-village  in  Milan  township,  Coos  oo.,  N.H., 

on  the   Androscoggin   River,  near   Milan  Station   on   the 

j  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port- 

(  land,  Me.     It  has  a  church  and  2  starch-mills.     Pop.  of  the 

!  township,  710. 
Milan,  or  Locke,  a  post-village  in  Locke  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Owasco  Inlet,  and  on  the  Southern 
Central  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Auburn.     It  has  2 
,  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  nursery,  and  a  saw-mill.     The 

name  of  its  post-office  is  Locke.     Pop.  about  500. 
!     Milan,  a  post-township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12 
j  miles  E.  of  Kingston,  is  traversed  by  the  Rhinebeck  & 
■'  Connecticut  Railroad.     It  contains  hamlets  named  Milan, 
t  Rock  City,  and  Jackson  Corner.     Pop.  1416. 

Milan,  a  post-village  in  Milan  township,  Erie  co.,  0., 
on  Huron  River,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  4 
«ile8  N.  of  Norwalk.     It  is  8  miles  S  of  Lake  Erie,  with 


which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal.  It  is  finely  situated  on  a 
bluflF  about  60  feet  higher  than  the  river.  It  contains  4 
churches,  the  Western  Reserve  Normal  School,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  Vessels  of  250  tons  can  pass  from  the 
lake  to  Milan.     Pop.  774;  of  the  township,  2210. 

Milan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  New  York 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Athens.     It  has  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Milan  (formerly  Milan  Depot),  a  post- village  of 
Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  South  or  Rutherford  Fork  of  the 
Obion  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  93  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  23  miles  N.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  Milan  College,  a  planing-mill,  2  carriage- 
factories,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1546. 

Milanese,  miPan-eez'  or  me-li-ni'si,  an  old  division 
of  Italy,  (capital,  Milan),  now  chiefly  in  the  province  of 
Milan. 

Milano,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Milan. 

Milano,  me-li'no,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Hearne. 

Mi'lanville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  in  Da- 
mascus township,  near  the  Delaware  River,  3  miles  from 
Cochecton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Honesdale.  It  has  an  academy,  a  large  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  2  saw-mills. 

Milazzo,  me-lit'so,  or  Melazzo,  mi-lit'so  (anc. 
My'lsR),  a  strongly  fortified  seaport  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  18  miles  W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  12,060.  It  consists 
of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  both  irregularly  built,  and 
with  many  large  but  mean  edifices;  its  citadel  and  other 
military  works  are,  however,  so  strong  by  nature  and  art 
that  it  may  be  regarded  as  the  Gibraltar  of  Sicily.  It  has 
a  convenient  harbor,  and  an  export  trade  in  tunny,  wine, 
silk,  fruit,  rags,  argol,  corn,  oil,  and  the  cordial  called  vino- 
colto.    See  Gulf  op  Milazzo. 

Milber'nie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Neuse  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  stores  and  a 
church. 

Mil'borne-Port,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
on  the  Ivel,  2f  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sherborne.  The  town  has 
an  ancient  guild  hall,  and  brisk  manufactures  of  gloves. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2033. 

Milbridge,  Maine.    See  Millbridge. 

Milburn,  Illinois  and  New  Jersey.     See  Millburn. 

Mil'burn,  a  post- village  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  about  2V 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Paducah,  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cairo,  IlL 
It  has  an  academy  and  4  churches.     Pop.  314. 

Milburn,  a  post-village  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  San  Saba.     Pop.  about  100. 

Milcsin,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Miltschin. 

Mild  en,  the  German  name  of  Moudon. 

Mildenan,  mil'd^h-nSw^  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  2506. 

Mildenhall,  mil'den-hill,  a  market-town  and  parish 
of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  navigable  Lark,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brandon.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  handsome 
church  with  a  rich  carved  roof.     Pop.  of  parish,  3862. 

Mild'may,  or  Mer'nersville,  a  post-village  in  Bruce 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  6 
miles  S.  of  Walkerton.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  pottery,  a 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  6  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  250. 

Mile  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Mile  End,  or  Cote  Saint  Louis,  kct  s&n"  loo^ee',  a 
village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  adjoining  St.  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  village,  2  miles  from  Montreal  Post-Office.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum,  a  driving  park,  a  race- 
course, and  extensive  stone-quarries.     Pop.  4000. 

Mile  Run,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa. 

Miles,  milz,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  59  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Miles,  a  station  in  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alton. 

Miles,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Sabula. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  banking-house,  and  a 
carriage-factory. 

Miles,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1325. 

Milesburg,  milz'burg,  a  post-borough  of  Centre  cw., 
Pa.,  on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Bellefonte  Branch,  45  miles 
N.E.  of  Altoona,  and  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  academies,  3  hotels,  2  iron-furnaces,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  2  mineral  springs,  and  8 
carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  714. 


MIL 


1830 


MIL 


Miles  (mllz)  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cuater  co., 
Montana,  on  the  right  (S.)  bank  of  the  Yellowstone,  2  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Tongue  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  956. 

Miles  Cross  Roads,  a  post-oflBce  of  Clay  oo.,  Tenn. 

Miles  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Grirard  township,  Brie 
00,,  Pa.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements  and  woollen  goods.  Pop. 
about  500.     Here  is  Girard  Station,  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie. 

Miles'  Mill,  a  station  in  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of 
Graniteville. 

Miles  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  on  Mis- 
souri River,  13  miles  below  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Miles  Pond,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  15  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

Miles  River,  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  is  a  navigable  inlet 
of  the  Chesapeake. 

Miles  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macoupin  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Milestown,  milz'tfiwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co., 
Md.,  near  the  Potomac  River,  about  50  miles  S.  by  B.  of 
Washington,  D.C. 

Milestown,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  oo.,  Pa.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Post-Office,  and  is  7  or  8  miles 
N.  of  Independence  Hall. 

Mile  Strip,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
from  Peterborough. 

Milesville,  milz'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Forward  township,  3  miles  from  Monongahela  City.  It  has 
a  coal-mine. 

Miles  Wharf,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Occohannoc  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Accomack 
Conrt-House. 

Miletin,  me-l§h-teen',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Bidschow,  57  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1861. 

Mileto,  me-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catan- 
zaro,  47  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reggio.  Pop.  4421.  It  has  a 
cathedral  and  a  bishop's  palace. 

Mile'tus  (Gr.  MiArjTos,  Miletoa),  a  ruined  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  the  remains  of  which,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Men- 
der, 30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ayasoolook  (Ephesus),  comprise  an 

enormous  theatre,  and  the  ruins  of  a  church. Adj.  and 

mhab.  Milesian,  mi-lee8h'y§,n. 

Milfield,  Athens  co.,  0.    See  Millfield. 

Milford,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  the 
Derwent,  and  on  the  North  Midland  Railway,  2  miles  S.  of 
Belper.     Pop.  1700, 

Mil'ford,  a  seaport-town  of  Wales,  oo.  of  Pembroke,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Milford-Haven,  6  miles  E.J.E.  of  St.  Anne's 
Head,  and  6  miles  W.N.W,  of  Pembroke.  It  is  the  termi- 
nus of  a  branch  railway,  is  well  built,  and  has  an  elegant 
church,  a  custom-house,  an  observatory,  a  market-house, 
and  a  quay,  with  some  ship-building  and  exports.  Pop. 
9718.  New  Milford,  3i  miles  E.  of  Milford,  is  the  terminus 
of  the  South  Wales  Railway,  and  is  the  point  of  departure 
of  steamers  for  Ireland. 

Mil'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lassen  oo.,  Cal.,  on  Honey 
Lake,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Reno,  Nevada.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  113. 

Milford,  a  post- village  and  seaport  in  Milford  township. 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Wopewaug  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
<fc  Hartford  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
contains  a  graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  a  car- 
riage-factory, a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  large  manufactory  of  straw  goods,  and  the 
Automatic  Book-Sewing  Machine  Company.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Housatonic  River.  Pop.  of 
township  in  1890,  3811. 

Milford,  or  North  Milford,  a  post-borough  in  Mil- 
ford hundred,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Mispillion 
Creek,  which  separates  it  from  South  Milford,  and  on  the 
Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  about  62  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  contains  3  churches  (besides  2  colored),  the 
Milford  Collegiate  and  Academic  Institute,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  2  hotels,  machine-shops,  and  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, and  manufactures  baskets,  castings,  lumber,  cooperage, 
Ac.  It  has  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  1226 ;  of  Milford 
hundred,  3364.  Ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  oak  bark 
is  largely  marketed  here. 

Milford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baker  co,,  Ga.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Leary's  Station,     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill, 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  in  Milford 
township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern 


Illinois  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and  93  miles  S 
of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu 
factures  of  bricks,  flour,  lumber,  and  tiles.  Pop.  in  1890, 
957;  of  the  township,  1999. 

Milford,  a  village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay  town- 
ship, on  Clifty  Creek,  8i  miles  W.  of  Greensburg,  and 
about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches. 
Here  is  Clifty  Post-Office.     Pop.  316. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township,  Kos- 
ciusko CO.,  Ind.,  on  Turkey  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Wabash  A  Michigan  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Extension  Railroad,  about  13  miles  S.  of 
Goshen.  It  ha£  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  2 
drug-stores.     Pop.  432. 

Milford,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1288. 
It  contains  South  Milford  and  Mount  Pisgah. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  643. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Dickinson 
CO.,  Iowa,  35  miles  E.  of  Sibley,  and  3  miles  from  Okoboji 
Lake.    It  has  extensive  water-power  and  a  flour-mill. 

Milford,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Nodaway  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Villisca,  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Grant  Post-Office. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  636. 

Milford,  a  post- village  in  Milford  township,  Davis  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Republican  River,  about  13  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Junction  City,  and  1  mile  from  Milford  Station  on  a  branch 
of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  347, 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  about  22  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Maysville,     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  108. 

Milford,  a  post-office  of  Rapides  parish.  La. 

Milford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on 
the  European  A  North  American  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bangor.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business. 
Pop.  of  township,  827, 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Worcester 
CO,,  Mass.,  on  the  Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  A  Albany 
Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Ashland  to  Woonsocket, 
R,I,,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  about  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Worcester,    It  contains  6  or  6  churches,  a  national  bank, 

1  other  bank,  a  town-house,  a  public  library,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  several  manufactories  of  boots.  The  township 
contains  other  villages,  named  Hopedale  and  South  Milford. 
Pop,  of  township,  9818. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Oakland 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Flint,  and  36  miles  N.W. 
of  Detroit.     It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  1  or  2  foundries, 

2  woollen-factories,  2  flour-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cultivators, 
pumps,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1138;  of  township,  1962. 

Milford,  a  post-township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter,  is  bounded  on  the  N,  by  the  Minne- 
sota River,  and  intersected  by  the  Winona  A  St,  Peter  Rail- 
road,    Pop.  723. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co..  Mo.,  20  miles  S. 
of  Nevada.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  a  high  school,  Ac. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Big 
Blue  River,  10  miles  below  Seward,  and  about  22  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 
The  river  here  affords  valuable  water-power.    P.  (1890)  555, 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Hills- 
borough CO,,  N,H.,  on  Souhegan  River,  and  on  the  Nashua 
A  Wilton  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W,  of  Nashua,  and  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Lowell,  It  has  1  or  2  cotton-mills,  a  tannery, 
several  granite-quarries,  a  furniture-factory,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
2  churches.     Pop,  of  township,  2606, 

Milford,  a  hamlet  of  New  Jersey,  in  Burlington  and 
Camden  cos.,  4J  miles  N,  of  Berlin,     It  has  a  church, 

Milford,  a  post- village  of  Hunterdon  co,,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad, 
35  miles  N.N,W,  of  Trenton,  and  16  miles  below  Easton, 
Pa.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  about  600 
Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river. 

Milford,  a  post- village  in  Milford  township,  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Cooperstown 
A  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Coopers- 
town,  and  70  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  branch  bank, 
2  churches,  Ac.  The  township  contains  Colliersville  and 
Portlandville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2051. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  1649.  It 
contains  CoUinsville,  Darrtown,  and  Somerrille. 


MIL 


1831 


MIL 


Milford,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Miami 
township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  4  churches,  a  money-order  post-oflSce,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  995. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Defiance  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1555. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  1024. 

Milford,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Milford  Centre. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2900.  It 
contains  Milford  Square. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1158. 
Milford  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  is  3  miles 
W.  of  Mifflin. 

Milford,  Perry  co..  Pa.     See  Juniata. 

Milford,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Pike  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Milford  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  8  miles  below 
Port  Jervis,  and  about  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Scranton.  It 
is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery,  and  has  become  a 
summer  resort.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  793. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1409. 
It  contains  New  Centreville  and  Milford  Station. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles  S.  of 
Dallas.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  995. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Mattapony  River,  and  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  <k 
Potomac  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Crawfish  River,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Madi- 
son, and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  grist-mills 
and  a  saw-mill.  The  Rock  River  touches  the  S.E.  part  of 
the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1551. 

Mil'ford,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
14  miles  from  Annapolis.     It  has  4  saw-mills.     Pop.  150, 

Milford  (formerly  called  Wickwire  Station),  a  post- 
village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 35  miles  N.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  a  good  limestone- 
quarry,  and  near  by  there  is  an  extensive  gypsum-quarry. 
Lumber,  hay,  and  gypsum  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  175. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Black  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Picton.  It  contains  6  stores, 
2  hotels,  and  carding-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Milford  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Union  township. 
Union  co.,  0.,  on  Darby  Creek,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Delaware  with  Springfield,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  a  large  grist-mill.    Pop.  (1890)  718. 

Milford-Ha'ven,  a  harbor  of  England,  on  a  deep 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  coast  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, forming  one  of  the  best  ports  in  the  British  domin- 
ions. On  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  entrance  is  St.  Anne's 
Head,  on  which  are  3  light-houses  with  fixed  lights.  Length 
of  haven,  about  16  miles ;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  It  is 
completely  landlocked,  has  deep  water,  and  the  whole 
shipping  of  the  empire  might  ride  here  as  safely  as  in  dock, 
whilst  the  access  is  easy,  and  the  egress  can  be  accomplished 
even  in  head-winds.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Milford,  New 
Milford,  and  Pembroke. 

Milford  Haven  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Guys- 
borough  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  5  miles  from  Quysborough.  P.  150. 

Milford  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Upper  Uwchlan  town- 
ship, Chester  co.,  Pa.,  11  or  12  miles  N.W.  of  West  Chester. 
It  has  2  woollen-mills. 

Milford  Square,  a  post- village  in  Milford  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Quakertown,  and  about  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  AUentown.  It  has  a  church,  a  coach- 
factory,  a  cigar-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Milford  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township, 
Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  between  Somerset  and 
Mineral  Point. 

Mil'fordton,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  0. 

Milhan,  a  town  of  France.     See  Millau. 

Milhaud,  meeHo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  1896. 

Milh,  £1,  Palestine.    See  El  Milh. 

Milianah,  me-le-i'nS.,  or  Milliana,  mil-le-i'ni,  a 
town  of  Algeria,  province  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  Algiers,  on  a 
mountain-slope,  3000  feet  above  sea-level.  It  has  numerous 
mosques  and  various  manufactures.  Roman  remains,  com- 
prising columns,  statues,  bas-reliefs,  medals,  Ac,  are  met 
with  here.     Pop.  3142. 

Mililli,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  Melilli. 

Milis,  mee'leeoe,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  6 
miles  N.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  1450. 

Mil'itarv,  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1639. 


Mil'itary  Fron'tier  (Ger.  MilitUr-Orenze,  me-Ie-tia'. 
grdnt's^h),  a  belt  of  country  in  the  Hungarian  kingdom, 
formerly  stretching  along  the  frontiers  of  Turkey,  from  the 
Adriatic  Sea  and  Dalmatia  to  Transylvania,  and  bounded 
N.  by  Croatia,  Slavonia,  Hungary,  and  Transylvania,  and 
S.  by  Bosnia,  Servia,  and  Wallachia,  having  an  area  of  12,922 
square  miles.  This  military  frontier  was  originally  formed 
about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  by  the  Emperor 
Ferdinand  I.  It  subsequently  underwent  repeated  modifi- 
cations, and  at  present  is  mostly  within  the  limits  of  Croatia 
and  Slavonia,  having  an  area  of  7239  square  miles  and  a 
pop.  of  699,228.  The  properties  are  hereditary  military 
fiefs,  which  the  inhabitants  hold  from  the  state  under  dif- 
ferent conditions  of  military  service,  but  its  government  is 
being  assimilated  to  the  ordinary  civil  administration. 

Militello,  me-le-t5rio,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
21  miles  S.AV.  of  Catania.     Pop.  9792. 

Militello,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  49  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  2080. 

Militics,  meeUeeHitch',  Neheth,  n&^mSt',  and  Rate, 
rits,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of  B^cs, 
about  14  miles  from  Zombor,  on  the  morass  Mosztanga. 
Pop.  of  Nemeth-Militics,  3823  j  of  Ratz-Militics,  2471. 

Militsch,  mee'litch,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Bartsdh.     Pop.  3385. 

Milk  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  rises  near  the 
N.  boundary  of  Montana,  and  drains  part  of  the  Canadian 
North- West  Territories,  from  which  it  passes  into  Choteaa 
CO.,  Montana.  It  runs  eastward  and  southeastward  in  Daw- 
son CO.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  near  lat.  48°  N.  Ita 
length  is  estimated  at  500  miles. 

Milk  River,  a  seaport  town  of  Jamaica,  at  the  mouth 
of  Milk  River,  on  the  S.  coast,  46  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kingston. 

Mill,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1523.  It 
contains  Jonesborough. 

Mill,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles 
E.  of  Waverly. 

Mill,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  It  contains 
Urichsville,  Dennison,  and  Eastport. 

Mill'adore,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co..  Wis. 

Millan-de-la-Cogolla,  meel-y&n'-di.-l&-ko-gol'y&, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Logrono, 
on  the  Cardenas.     Pop.  628. 

Mill'ard,  a  western  county  of  Utah,  borders  on  Nevada. 
It  is  partly  traversed  by  Sevier  River,  which  enters  Sevier 
Lake  in  this  county.  This  lake  has  no  outlet.  The  surface 
is  partly  mountainous,  and  presents  extensive  arid  plains, 
in  which  timber  and  water  are  very  scarce.  It  comprises  a 
part  of  the  Great  Basin.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  Area,  6712  square  miles. 
Capital,  Fillmore.  Pop.  in  1870,  2753;  in  1880,  3727;  in 
1890,  4033. 

Millard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Great  Bend. 

Millard,  a  post- hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  27  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Millard,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Omaha.     Elevation,  1047  feet. 

Millard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Elkhorn.  It  has  2  churches. 

Mil'lar's  Corners,  a  small  village  in  Grenville  co.. 
Ontario,  2  miles  from  Oxford.     Pop.  160. 

Millas,  meeMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6e8-Orien- 
tales,  on  the  Tet,  10  miles  W.  of  Perpignan.     Pop.  2107. 

Millau,  meeUo',  or  Milhau  (anc.  ^milianum),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aveyron,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Tarn,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Rodez.  Pop. 
14,482.  It  has  a  communal  college,  courts  of  first  resort 
and  commerce,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  coal-mine,  and 
several  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth,  silk  twist,  chamois 
leather,  and  leather  gloves.  It  was  one  of  the  strongholds 
of  the  Calvinists  during  the  religious  wars. 

Millbach,  Lebanon  co..  Pa.    See  Mill  Creek  Centbb. 

Mill  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Mill'bank,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Stratford.  It  contains  4  stores,  2  hotels, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  flax-mill,  and  a  card- 
ing-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Mill  Bend,  Tennessee.     See  Burem's  Store. 

Millboroush,  Pennsylvania.     See  Millsborough. 

Mill'borough  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Bath  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Millborough  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Bath  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Cowpasture  River,  about  35  miles  W.S.W  of 
Staunton. 


MIL 


1832 


MIL 


Mil  I  brae,  uiirbra,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 
Mill'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Millbridge  township, 
Washington  co.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Narraguagus  River,  about  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ban- 
gor. It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school,  and  is  partly 
•upported  by  ship-building  and  the  lumber-business.  Pop. 
about  500 ;  of  township,  1558. 

Mill   Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of   Rowan   co.,  N.C.,  6 

miles  W.  of  China  Grove.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mill  Bridge,  or  Jordan,  a  post-village  in  Hastings 

CO.,  Ontario,  43  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Belleville.     It  contains 

several  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  100. 

Mill 'brig,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111. 

Mill  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark., 
about  35  miles  W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Mill'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  is  1  mile  from 
Colebrook  Station. 

Millbrook,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  oo.,  111.,  in  Fox 
township,  and  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Millbrook,  a  township  of  Peoria  oo..  III.  Pop.  1075. 
It  contains  Elmore. 

Millbrook,  a  post-village  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mioh.,  in 
Millbrook  township,  18  miles  N.  of  Stanton,  and  about  46 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  &o.    Pop.  about  250 ;  of  the  township,  412. 

Millbrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pa- 
haquarry  township,  7i  miles  N.  of  Blairstown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Millbrook  (formerly  HartSTille),  a  post-village  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Dut- 
chess &  Columbia  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newburg, 
and  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Pougbkeepsie.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  grist-mills,  a  plaster-mill,  a  manufactory  of  condensed 
milk,  of  cofi"ee-mill8,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  about  600. 

Mill  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Horicon 
township,  10  miles  from  Riverside.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Mill  Brook,  a  station  in  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Ra- 
leigh &  Gaston  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh. 

Millbrook,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  6 
or  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wooster. 

Millbrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meroer  oo..  Pa.,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Millbrook,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     P.  1280. 

Mill  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Mill  Brook,  a  village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Midland  Railway,  18  miles  from  Port  Hope.  It  has  about 
a  dozen  stores,  2  hotels,  a  weekly  newspaper,  a  foundry, 
a  woollen-factory,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  <ko.     Pop.  1200. 

Mill  Brook  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co., 
Va.,  on  the  railroad  between  Staunton  and  Harrisonburg,  3 
miles  from  Staunton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Mill 'burg,  a  post- village  in  Benton  township,  Berrien 
00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Snore  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.E.  of  Benton  Harbor.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  30  dwellings. 

Mill'buru,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co..  111.,  about  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Waukegan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Millburn,  Ballard  co.,  Ky.    See  Milbubn. 

Millburn,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Millburn  town- 
ship, Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  <k  Essex  Railroad,  9 
miles  W.  of  Newark.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Passaic  River,  and  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  fur  hats,  paper,  and  binders'  board.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1675. 

Millbury,  mil'b^r-re,  a  post-village  in  Millbury  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Blackstone  River,  on 
the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Worcester, 
and  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  cotton-  and  wool- 
len-factories, and  5  churches.  The  township  contains  6 
Botton-mills,  6  woollen-mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  4428. 

Millbury,  a  post-village  in  Lake  township,  Wood  co., 
0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  2  branches,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  3  lumber- 
mills,  a  bowl-factory,  and  a  stave-factory.     P.  (1890)  546. 

Millbury  Junction,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  <k  Albany  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Millbury  Branch,  5  miles  E.  of  Worcester. 

Mill  City,  a  post-village  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Col.,  on 
the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Denver.  It 
has  a  church,  and  quartz-mills  for  gold  and  silver. 


Mill  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Winnemueca. 
It  has  a  foundry  and  a  machine-shop. 

Mill  City,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Wyoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  <feo.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mill  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Hendricks  co.,  runs  south- 
westward  into  Owen  co.,  and  enters  the  Eel  River  in  Put- 
nam CO.  It  is  about  65  miles  long,  and  forms  a  cascade  45 
feet  high  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course. 

Mill  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  northeastward  in  Wabaunsee 
00.,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  20  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 

Mill  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lapeer  co.,  runs  nearly 
eastward,  and  enters  Black  River  in  St.  Clair  co.,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Port  Huron. 

Mill  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs  S.  through 
Hamilton  oa,  and  enters  the  Ohio  at  Cincinnati. 

Mill  Creek,  Ohio,  an  affluent  of  the  Soioto,  rises  in 
Logan  CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Union  oo.,  and  enters  the 
Scioto  River  in  Delaware  co. 

Mill  Creek,  Marion  oo.,  Oregon,  runs  northwestward, 
and  enters  the  Willamette  River  at  Salem. 

Mill  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the 
Brazos  River  in  Austin  oo. 

Mill  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Wood  oo.,  runs  south- 
eastward in  Portage  co.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River 
about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Tehama  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  80. 

Mill  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Delaware,  in  New  Castle  oo., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  line.  Pop.  3302.  It  contains  Staun- 
ton, Faulkland,  Hockeesin,  Mermaid,  to.,  and  has  manufac- 
tures of  paper,  lime,  brick,  iron,  Ac. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Mill  Creek,  township.  Fountain  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1491. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  at  Fish 
Lake  Station  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  South  Bend.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     P.  492. 

Mill  Creek,post-townshijp,  Bourbon  CO.,  Kansas.  P.  657. 

Mill  Creek,  township,  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas.  P.  438. 

Mill  Creek,  township,  Washington  oo.,  Kansas.  P.  705. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  45  miles  N.E.  of  LouisviHe. 

Mill  Cre«k,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish.  La. 

Mill  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  is  at  the 
mouth  of  Patuxent  River,  about  90  miles  S.  of  Baltimore, 
and  2  of  a  mile  from  Drum  Point  Harbor.  It  has  a  ship- 
yard, and  is  partly  supported  by  the  exportation  of  oysters. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kent  co.,  Mioh., 
on  the  Grand  liapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Grand  Rapids. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo.,  Mo.     P.  91V. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.     P.  586. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A 
Dayton  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  3291. 
It  contains  Cumminsville,  Clifton,  Ludlow  Grove,  <fcc. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  798. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Williams  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Michigan  line.     Pop.  1181. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  517. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  Lake  Erie. 
Pop.  2744,  exclusive  of  Erie. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Brady  township,  Hun  • 
tingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Juniata  River,  5  miles  below  Huntingdon.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1926.     It  contains  Newmanstown. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  1086. 
It  contains  New  Lebanon. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tioga 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Tioga. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Salt  Lake 
CO.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Sal  t 
Lake  City.     It  has  a  church  and  3  flouring-mills. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Martinsburg.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  flour-mills. 


MIL 


1833 


MIL 


Mill  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Eichland  co.,  Wis. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Wood  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
eonsin  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Junction  City,  and 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kent  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
4  miles  from  Buotouche.     Pop.  100. 

Mill  Creek,  Ontario.    See  Odessa. 

Mill  Creek  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Mill  Creek  town- 
ship, Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Sheridan  Station.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Millbaoh  Post-Office. 

Mill  Creek  Junction,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Carbon  <fc  Port  Carbon  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Mill  Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Pottsville.     It  is  in  the  borough  of  Palo  Alto. 

Mill 'dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southington  township, 
Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  So  Northampton 
Railroad,  18  or  19  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  is  in  a 
valley  between  two  high  ridges.  It  has  manufactures  of 
buttons,  barrels,  <i;o. 

Mill  dale,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  oo.,  Miss.,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Meridian. 

Milldale,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
Shenandoah  River,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Front  Royal.  It  has 
a  church,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  140. 

Mil'ledgeville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ga., 
is  on  the  Oconee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia,  at  its  junction  with  the  Macon  &,  Augusta  Rail- 
road, 39  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macon.  It  was  formerly  (until 
about  1867)  the  capital  of  the  state.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and  a 
manufactory  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.    P.  (1890)  .3322. 

Milledgeville,a  post-village  in  Wysox  township,  Car- 
roll CO.,  111.,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sterling.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  238. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  5^ 
miles  S.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
7  miles  S.  of  East  Melrose.   It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  42 
miles  S.  by  W,  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Milledgeville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Yadkin  River,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.  It 
has  a  cotton-factory,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo.,  0. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-village  in  French  Creek  town- 
ship, Mercer  co..  Pa.,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Meadville.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn., 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Henderson  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Milledgeville,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New 
Brunswick,  4  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contains  several 
saw-mills  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  300. 

Mille  Isles,  meel  eel,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  oo., 
Quebec,  16  miles  from  Laehute.     Pop.  100. 

Mille  Lacs,  meel  lak,  a  lake  of  Minnesota,  forms  the 
N.  boundary  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  and  touches  the  E.  part  of 
Crow  Wing  co.  The  N.  part  of  it  is  in  Aitken  co.  It  has 
a  roundish  form,  and  is  about  16  miles  in  diameter.  Its 
surplus  water  is  discharged  by  Rum  River  or  Snake  River. 

Mille  Lacs,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Mille  Lacs,  and  is  drained  by  Rum  River. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  in  two  directions  by  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Princeton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1109;  in  1880,  1501;  in  1890,  2845. 

Mil  Men,  or  Mil'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia, 
79  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.     It  has  3  stores. 

Mil'lenbeck,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Va. 

Millen's  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Jeflferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence  River,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Vincent.  It  has 
a  church. 

Mil'ler,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  borders 
on  Texas  and  Louisiana.  Area,  648  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Red  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  several  railroads,  which 
meet  at  Texarkana,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880,  9919;  in 
1890,  14,714. 

Miller,  a  southwestern  county  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Spring 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
116 


with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Colquitt.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3091;  in  1880,  3720;  in  1890,  4275. 

Miller,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  590  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Tavern  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  <fco.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  partly  traversed  in  the 
western  and  northern  parts  by  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Tuscumbia,  on  the  Osage  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6616;  in  1880,  9805;  in  1890,14,162. 

Miller,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean.     It  has  manufactures  of  redwood  lumber. 

Miller,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  111. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1120. 

Miller,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa. 

Miller,  a  station  in  Pine  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Lake  Supe- 
rior &  Mississippi  Railroad,  69  miles  S.S.W.  of  Duluth. 
Here  is  Belknap  Post-Office. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  548. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2596.  It 
contains  Gentryville. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.    Pop.  759. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1273. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1246. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.     Fop.  741. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  902. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  438. 

Miller,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston  a 
Texas  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas. 

Millerborongh,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Neb. 

Miller  Farm,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Oil  Creek  A  Alleghany  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Titus- 
ville.  It  has  a  church  and  an  oil-refinery.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Meredith. 

Miller  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex. 

Milleroches,  meeri^h-rosh',  or  Moulinette,  moo^- 
le^net',  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Stormont,  situated 
on  the  Cornwall  Canal,  with  a  station  (called  Moulinette) 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  72i  miles  from  Montreal. 
It  contains  4  stores  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Gilroy. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evans- 
ville  &  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Patoka. 

Miller's,  Lake  co.,  Ind.    See  Millek'.s  Station. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Spen^ei  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Rockport  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Rockport. 

Miller's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  422. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta, 
Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Cambridge. 

Miller's,  or  Mil'lersport,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  0.,  in  Rome  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-factory, 
Ac.     Here  is  Miller's  Post-Office. 

Millers,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Oregon 
&  California  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Miller's,  Bradford  co..  Pa.     See  Laddsburg. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Loh 
Grade  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Washington  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  2  miles  B.  of 
Jonesborough. 

Miller's,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
in  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  15i  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Miller's  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  station  in  Orleans  parish, 
La.,  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of 
New  Orleans. 

Mil'lersbnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  oo..  111.,  about  38 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Baden  Baden. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  in  Millersburg  township, 
Mercer  co.,  111.,  on  the  Edwards  River,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Aledo.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  277 ;  of  the  township, 
1134.     Millersburg  Station  is  at  Joy  (which  see). 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township,  Elk 
hart  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road (air-line),  8  miles  S.E.  of  Gk>shen.     It  has  3  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Millersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  Ind.,  about  37 
miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a 
church. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.,  about 


MIL 


1834 


MIL 


1(J  miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.    It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  a  coal-mine.     Here  is  Canal  Post-Office. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  in  English  township,  Iowa 
oc,  Iowa,  near  English  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Marengo.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  1  or  2  drug-stores.     Pop.  about  .300. 

Millersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbus.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Hinkston  Creek,  and  on  the  Maysville  <fc  Lexington  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  9  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Paris.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  the  Wesleyan  Uni- 
versity, and  Millersburg  Female  College.     Pop.  (1890)  850. 

Millersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Dundas,  and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It 
has  a  saw-mill. 

Millersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo., 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Jefferson  City.     Pop.  60. 

Millersburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Holmes  co.,  0., 
is  in  Hardy  township,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  84  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Columbus,  85  miles  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  about  20  miles 
S.  of  Wooster.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  2 
planing-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  manufactory  of  fur- 
niture.    Pop.  in  1890,  1923. 

Millersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Wiconisco  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad  (on  which 
large  quantities  of  coal  are  transported),  27  miles  N.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1527. 

Millersburg,  a  small  village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario, 
adjoining  tke  town  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  110. 

Miller's  Camp  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co., 
W.  Va.,  6  miles  N.  of  Raleigh  Court-House. 

Miller's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co„  N.Y., 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Canan- 
daigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Miller's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Miller's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 

Miller's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Miller's  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  river  St.  Croix,  2i  miles  from  Newport  Sta- 
tion.    Pop.  200. 

Miller's  Ed'dy,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Parker  Junction. 

Miller's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Montague  and  Er- 
ring townships,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River, 
near  its  mouth,  and  on  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road where  it  is  crossed  by  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts 
Railroad,  21  miles  S,  of  Brattleborough,  and  about  36  miles 
N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  manufactures  of  bit-braces,  vises, 
Ac.     It  was  formerly  called  Grout's  Corners. 

Miller's  Landing,  Missouri.    See  New  Haven. 

Miller's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Miller's  Place,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Riverhead. 
It  has  35  houses  and  an  academy. 

Mil'lersport,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

Millersport,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  Canal,  about  27  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  149. 

Millersport,  Lawrence  co.,  0.     See  Miller's. 

Miller's  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Worcester  co.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut River  in  Franklin  co.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Green- 
field. It  is  nearly  60  miles  long,  and  affords  extensive 
water-power. 

Miller's  River,  a  mill-stream  in  Caledonia  co.,  in  the 
E.N.E.  part  of  Vermont.     It  falls  into  the  Passumpsic  River. 

Miller's  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Miller's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlantic  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Miller's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Rochester. 

Miller's  Station,  a  village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  30 ,  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
baskets  and  fish-kegs.     Here  are  valuable  fisheries. 

Miller's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Wilkin  co.,  Minn. 
Miller's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  German  township. 


Harrison  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
of  Steubenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Miller's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Rockdale  tc.-wn- 
ship,  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Miller's  Tan'nery,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa. 

Miller's  Tav'ern,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Mil'lerstow^n,  a  hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  Nolin 
Creek,  about  64  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  80. 

Milierstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Paris  Station,  and  about  20  miles  E.  of 
Piqua.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw- mill. 

Milierstown,  a  hamlet  in  Monroe  township,  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  New  Lexington.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  100.     Here  are  valuable  coal-beds. 

MillerstOTirn,  a  hamlet  in  Fawn  township,  Alleghanj 
CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Tarentum.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  several  dwellings. 

Milierstown  (Chicora  Post-Office  and  railroad-station), 
a  borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Donegal  township,  on  the 
Pittsburg  A  Western  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Butler. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
brewery,  several  oil-wells,  an  oil-refinery,  and  manufactures 
of  boilers,  wheels,  and  machinery.  It  is  lighted  with  nat- 
ural gas.     Pop.  in  1890,  1162. 

Milierstown,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Macumote. 

Milierstown,  a  post-borough  in  Greenwood  township, 
Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Juniata  River, 
and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  printing-office,  a 
tannery,  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  in  1890,  220. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co..  III.,  on 
the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad  (Springfield  division),  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  1  mile  from  Malott  Park  Station. 

Millersville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  about  90 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort. 

Millersville,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.^ 
on  the  Annapolis  A  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Annapolis.     Pop.  about  200. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.. 
Mo.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Millersville,  a  mining-camp  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  oo.^ 
Montana,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Helena. 

Millersville,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles 
from  Milford. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlot  in  Jackson  township,  San- 
dusky CO.,  0.,  on  the  Toledo  A  Tiffin  Railroad,  14^  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  a  church. 

Millersville,  a  post-village  in  Manor  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  70  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  contains  the  Millersville  State 
Normal  School  (which  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about 
800  students),  5  churches,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  1180. 

Mil'lerton,  a  village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Joaquin  River,  about  130  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton.  Gold  is 
found  near  this  place. 

Millerton,  a  station  in  Marin  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Millerton,  a  post-village  in  North  East  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,^ 
at  its  junction  with  the  Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad  and 
the  Poughkeepsie  A  Eastern  Railroad,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Newburg,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie,  and  94  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  New  York.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  the  Connec- 
ticut Western  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  mines  of  iron 
ore,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  pig-iron  and  carriages,^ 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  800. 

Millerton,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tioga 
A  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Millertown,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Mil'lerville,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Goodwater  Railroad  Station.  Here  is  Hillabee  Post- 
Office,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  3  churches. 

Millerville,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Minn.  The  township  contains  Lakes  Moses  and  Aaron, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Chippewa  River.     Pop.  451. 

Millerville,  New  York.     See  Louisville. 

Millesimo,  mil-li'se-mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Genoa,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  1309. 

Mil'lett,  a  post-office  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich. 

Mil'lettville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C  ,  ov» 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 


MIL 


1835 


MIL 


Mille  Vaches,  meel  vish,  a  bay  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
estuary  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  30  miles  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

Mille  Vaches,  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  cc,  Quebec, 
45  miles  N.E.  of  Tadousao.     Pop.  350. 

Mili'field,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  Sunday 
Creek,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  94. 

Mill  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  about 
45  miles  \V.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Mill  Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Mill  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Hartford  and  Union  City,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Hartford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mill'grove,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  975. 
It  contains  Orland. 

Mill  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Allegan. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  stave-factory. 

Mill  Grove,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mercer  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mill  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Alden 
township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  i  mile  from 
Wende  Station,  and  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Buffalo,  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Mill  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles  "W. 
of  Concord.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mill  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  on  Meigs 
Creek,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Mill  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Pa. 
•     Mill  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
5i  miles  N.  of  Dundas.     It  contains  2  stores  and  a  shingle- 
mill.     Pop.  180. 

Millguy,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Milnoavie. 

Mill  Hall,  a  post-borough  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  Pish- 
ing Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  3i  miles 
S.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
2  grist-mills,  an  axe-factory,  and  2  manufactories  of  furni- 
ture.    Pop.  452. 

Mill'ham,  a  village  in  Lawrence  township,  Mercer 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  Assanpink  Creek,  i  mile  from  Trenton,  of 
which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  a  church,  3  potteries,  and  2 
manufactories  of  rubber  goods.     Pop.  677. 

Mill  Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Mill  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bay  of  Quinte,  13  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kingston.  It  con- 
tains several  stores  and  mills,  and  has  a  good  harbor. 

Millheim,  mil'hime,  a  post- village  of  Centre  co..  Pa., 
in  Penn  township,  on  Penn's  Creek,  about  18  miles  S. 
of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
banking-house,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  about  700. 

Millheim,  a  post-office  of  Austin  co.,  Tex. 

Mill  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabarrus  oo.,  N.C.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Concord. 

Mill  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mill  Hol'low,  a  post-village  in  Kingston  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  collieries.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mill'home,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Mill'house,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  3 
miles  N.  of  Dundee,  in  the  manufactories  of  which  town  its 
inhabitants  are  mostly  engaged. 

Millhousen,  mil'how-z§n,  a  post-village  in  Marion 
township,  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Madison. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  P.  (1890)  224. 

Milliacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Milly. 

Mill'ican,  a  post- village  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex,,  on  the 
Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Bryan, 
80  miles  N.W.  of  Houston,  and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  the  Brazos 
River.  It  has  6  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  and  10  dry- 
goods  stores. 

Milligan's,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Owens- 
borough  Junction. 

Mil'liken's  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Madison  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  25  miles  above  Vioksburg. 

Milliken's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Simpson  oo.,  Ky., 
6  miles  from  Franklin. 

Millin,  Georgia.     See  Millen. 

Mill'ington,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo..  Conn.,  in  East 
Haddam  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Colchester.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  blinds. 

Millington,  a  post-village  in  Fox  township,  Kendall 
CO.,  111.,  on  Fox  River,  on  the  Chicago,  Millington  &  Western 


Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Aurora  with 
Ottawa,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  contains  a  church,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  It  has 
water-power  and  valuable  beds  of  white  flint  sand,  and 
manufactures  of  porcelain  or  stone  china,  crockery,  wind- 
mills, and  glass.  The  sand  found  here  is  a  good  material 
for  plate-glass.     Pop.  in  1890,  301. 

Millington,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  both 
sides  of  Chester  River  (here  crossed  by  a  bridge),  and  on 
the  Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad,  about  45  miles  E.  of 
Baltimore,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Chestertown.  It  has  an 
academy,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  carriage-shops. 
Pop.  420. 

Millington,  a  post-village  in  New  Salem  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  1  mile  from  New  Salem  Station,  and 
about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Millington,  a  post-village  in  Millington  township, 
Tuscola  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Vassar.  _  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  shin- 
gles.    Pop.  in  1890,  434;  of  the  township,  1616. 

Millington,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb. 

Millington,  a  post- village  in  Passaic  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Millington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  16 
miles  W.  of  Charlottesville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mil'lis,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Evanston. 

Mill  Lane,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chester 
Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Downingtown. 

Mill'mont,  a  station  in  Union  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lewis- 
burg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lewisburg. 

Mill  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  about 
4  miles  W.  of  Danbury.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hats. 

Mill  Point,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y. 

Mill  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Bristol.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc. 

Mill  Point,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mill  Point,  or  JBo'wen,  a  post-village  and  river-port 
in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Napanee  River,  7  miles 
from  Napanee.  It  contains  a  telegraph  office,  7  stores,  a 
hotel,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Mill  Pond,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Mill'port,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Bute,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  isle  of  Great  Cumbray.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a 
library,  and  a  collegiate  Episcopal  church.     Pop.  1541. 

Mill'port,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Columbus,  Miss. 

Millport,  a  post-office  of  Washington  cok,  Ind.,  on  Miis- 
catatuc  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Millport,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mid- 
dle Fabius  River,  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon.  It  haa 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Millport,  a  post-village  in  Veteran  township,  Chemung 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Catharine  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Elmira,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Wat- 
kins.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a 
chair-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a  churn-factory.     Pop,  741, 

Millport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co,,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  23  miles  S,S,E.  of  Alliance. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Millport,  a  village  in  Jackson  township.  Stark  co.,  0., 
on  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas 
Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad  and  the  Massillon  Branch 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Massillon.  It  has  coal-mines  and  a 
flour-mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Crystal  Spring. 

Millport,  a  village  in  Lower  Towamensing  township, 
Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  Aquashioola  Creek,  2  miles  from  Lehigh 
Gap  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  slate-quarries, 
a  grist-mill,  and  manufactories  of  hydraulic  cement  and 
paint.     Pop.  about  400.     Here  is  Aquashicola  Post-Office. 

Millport,  a  post- village  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  on  Oswayo 
Creek,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Clean,  N.Y. 

Mill  Ray,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ga. 

Mill  Riv'er,  asmall  stream  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  runB 
southward  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound. 

Mill  River,  a  small  stream  of  Hampshire  oo.,  Mass., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  about 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Northampton. 

Mill  River,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  oo.,  Mass.,  in 
New  Marlborough  township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Spring- 
field,    It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  paper-mills. 

Mill  River,  a  mountainous  post-township  of  HendersoB 
CO,,  N,C.     It  contains  an  academy.     Pop,  1520. 


MIL 


1836 


MIL 


Mill  River  Junction,  a  station  in  Blackstone  town- 
ship, Worcester  CO.,  Mass.,  1  mile  N.  of  Woonsocket,  R.I. 
Here  the  Eastern  and  Woonsocket  divisions  of  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad  cross  each  other. 

Mill  Road,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Plymouth  Branch  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Conshohocken. 

Mill  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  about 
11  miles  E.N.B.  of  New  Lisbon.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

MilProy',  a  post- village  of  Lao  Qui  Parle  co.,  Minn., 
on  or  near  the  Minnesota  River,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Monte- 
rideo.     It  has  a  church. 

Mill  Run,  a  small  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  2i 
miles  from  Stewarton  Station,  and  about  48  miles  S.S.B.  of 
Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mill  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  18 
miles  from  Confluence  Station,  Pa.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Mill'ry,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ala. 

Mills,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  West  Nishna- 
batona  River  and  Keg  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  wood- 
lands. The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy  Railroad  and 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &,  Council  Bluffs  Railroad. 
Capital,  Glenwood.  Pop.  in  1870,  8718 ;  in  1876,  10,555 ; 
in  1880,  14,137;  in  1890,  14,548. 

Mills,  a  central  county  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  640 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Colorado 
River,  and  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad.     Capital,  Goldthwaite.     Pop.  in  1890,  6493. 

Mills,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad, 
Washington  Branch,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Mills,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Omaha 
4  Northwestern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Omaha. 

Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Mill- 
ston  Station,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Black  River  Falls. 
It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Mill'sap,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tex. 

Millsborough,  mllz'bur-rilh,  a  post-village  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Breakwater  &  Frankford  Railroad,  near 
an  inlet  of  the  sea,  9  miles  S.  of  Georgetown,  and  about  90 
miles  S.  of  Wilmington.     Pop.  194. 

Millsborough,  or  Millborough,  a  post-borough  of 
Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  36  miles 
S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  normal  school,  2 
foundries,  a  distillery,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  324. 

Mills  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  9  or 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. . 

Mills'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about 
40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Mills'  Corners,  a  post-bamlet  in  Broadalbin  town- 
ship, Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Saratoga 
Springs. 

Mill's  Creek,  township,  Harnett  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  1137. 

Millsfield,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.     Pop.  28. 

Mills  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

Mill  Shoal,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  628. 

Mill  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  White  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Skillet  Fork  of  the  Little  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Spring- 
field division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  about  260. 

Mills'  xllills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hume  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.Y.,  20  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill  and  a  carding-mill. 

Mills'  Pond,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  N. 
of  St.  James. 

Mills'  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co., 
111.,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Olney.  It  has  a  church 
at-l  a  grist-mill. 

Mill  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of 
Poplar  Bluff. 

Mill  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  4 
miles  from  Mossy  Creek  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Mill  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  about  80  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  the  Union  forces, 
under  General  Geo.  H.  Thomas,  defeated  the  Confederates, 
3ommanded  by  General  Geo.  B.  Crittenden,  on  the  19th  of 
January,  1862. 

Mills  River,  township,  Henderson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1520. 


Mills'  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  N.C,  5  milet 
N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Millstadt,  mil'stat,  or  Centreville,  a  post-village 
of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  about  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Belleville, 
and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop 
in  1890,  1 1  SI).     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Millstadt. 

Mill  Station,  a  hamlet  on  the  Virginia  k  Truokee 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Carson  City,  Nev.     Pop.  129. 

Mill'ston,  a  post-hanUet  in  Millston  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  west  Wisconsin  Railroad,  about  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  of  township,  210. 

Mill'stone,  a  post-office  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  G^. 

Millstone,  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md.    See  Jarboesville. 

Millstone,  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2087. 

Millstone,  a  post-village  in  Hillsborough  township, 
Somerset  co.,  N. J.,  on  the  Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware &,  Raritan  Canal  and  the  Mercer  i,  Somerset  and  Dela- 
ware &  Bound  Brook  Railroads,  8  miles  W.  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. Including  East  Millstone  (which  is  contiguous),  it 
has  4  churches  and  a  high  school.     Total  pop.  (1890)  2825. 

Millstone,  a  post-office  of  Elk  oo..  Pa.,  in  Millstone 
township,  on  Clarion  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Brookville. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  173. 

Millstone  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Potomac,  22  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown. 

Millstone  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth  co., 
forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Mercer  oo.,  runs  northward  in 
Somerset  co.,  and  enters  the  Raritan  River  3  or  4  miles 
below  Somerville. 

Mill  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Mill'stream,  a  post-settlement  in   Kings  oo.,   New 
Brunswick,  5  miles  from  Apobaqui.     It  contains  2  stores  . 
and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Mill'street,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Cork,  20  miles 
E.  of  Killarney.     Pop.  1394.     It  has  a  jail  and  barracks. 

Mill's  Village,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Medway  River,  9  miles  from  Liverpool.  It  con- 
tains 7  saw-mills,  a  match-factory,  and  3  stores.    Pop.  400. 

Mill  Switch,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Lafayette,  Muncie  <fc  Bloomington  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of 
Tipton. 

Millthorpe,  a  town  of  England.    See  Milnthorpe. 

Mill'town,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  2  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Dublin. 

Milltown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  8  miles 
S.  of  Tralee.     In  the  vicinity  is  Kilcoleman  Abbey. 

Mill'town,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  oo.,  Ala. 

Milltown,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Allapaha  River,  about  90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Milltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Blue  River,  28  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  87. 

Milltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Milltown,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  on 
the  St.  Croix  River,  opposite  Milltown,  New  Brunswick, 
and  on  the  St.  Croix  <fc  Penobscot  Railroad,  about  2  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Calais,  of  which  city  it  is  a  part.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  saw-mills. 

Milltown,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  4  miles 
S.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  and  a 
manufactory  of  rubber  shoes. 

Milltown,  a  hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Springfield 
township,  2^  miles  from  Millbnrn  Station.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  pasteboard. 

Milltown,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from 
Brewster's  Station. 

Milltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
E.  of  West  Chester. 

Milltown,  a  post- village  of  Hutchinson  co.,  S.D.,  about 
15  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Olivet.  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

Milltown,  a  post-town  in  Charlotte  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  St.  Croix  River,  2i  miles  from  St.  Stephen.  It 
contains  18  saw-mills,  an  edge-tool-factory,  3  churches,  sev- 
eral schools,  and  a  number  of  stores.  Several  bridges  span 
the  river  here,  connecting  this  village  with  Milltown  in  the 
state  of  Maine.  An  immense  quantity  of  lumber  is  shipped 
from  this  port.     Pop.  2000. 

Milltown,  a  village  in  Hastings  oo.,  Ontario,  2  miles 
from  Shannonville.     Pop.  200. 

Mill'town-Malbay,  m&l'b^,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  of  Clare,  on  the  Cove  of  Malbay,  18  miles  W.  of 
Ennis.     Pop.  1362. 


MIL 


1837 


MIL 


Mill'TalO)  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  opposite  Pittsburg,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  is  contiguous  to  Alleghany  City, 
and  is  connected  with  Pittsburg  by  a  fine  bridge.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  rope-walk,  and  oil-works.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3809.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bennett. 

Mill  vale,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Mill'view%  a  post-village  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
JPerdido  Bay,  8  miles  W.  of  Pensacola.  It  is  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  Pensacola  &  Perdido  Railroad,  and  has  sev- 
fral  large  lumber-mills,  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  600. 

Millview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  on  Loy- 
alsock  Creek,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Millview,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  6i  miles 
from  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Millview,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  12  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  a  store, 
2  hotels,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Mill  Vil'lage,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Sudbury  township,  i  mile  from  South  Sudbury  Station.  It 
has  a  free  library. 

Mill  Village,  Massachusetts.     See  East  Dedhah. 

Mill  Village,  a  hamlet  in  Wolfborough  township,  Car- 
roll CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Wolfborough  Branch  Railroad,  i 
mile  E.  of  Wolfborough. 

Mill  Village,  a  village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Han- 
over township,  4  miles  from  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  2 
saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Mill  Village,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Goshen  township,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Concord.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Mill  Village,  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  Pa.,  on  or 
near  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Corry.  It  has  2  churches,  a  plan- 
ing-mill,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mill  Village,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Port  Medway. 

Mill'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark. 

Millville,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  oo.,  Cal.,  on  Cow 
Creek,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Red  Blufif.  It  haa  a  church. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Millville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  1  mile  from 
Station  No.  1  of  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Millville,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Richmond  with  New  Castle,  21  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  wagon-shop. 

Millville,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Mill- 
ville township,  on  the  Turkey  River,  about  1  mile  from  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  767. 

Millville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Millville,  a  post- village  in  Blackstone  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the 
Providence  &  Worcester  and  New  York  <fc  New  England 
Railroads,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence,  and  38  miles 
S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
shoddy,  &c. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  in  Mayfield  township,  Lapeer  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Flint  River,  4  miles  N.  of 
Lapeer.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Millville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Zumbro  River,  aoout  20  miles  N.E,  of  Rochester. 

Millville,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Miss. 

Millville,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill,  and  2 
general  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Millville,  a  city  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  Maurice 
River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad,  41  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia,  6  miles  S.  of 
Vineland,  and  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bridgeton.  It 
contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  sev- 
eral manufactories  of  glass  bottles  and  other  glass-ware, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6101;  in  1880,  7660;  in  1890,  10,002. 

Millville,  or  Headley's,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,N.J., 
in  Union  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Barnegat.  It  has  a 
church. 

Millville,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Shelby 
township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Rochester,  and  1  mile  S.  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  a  tannery. 

Millville,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.     See  Easle  Mills. 

Millville,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township,  Butler  co., 


0.,  on  Indiana  Creek,  5  or  6  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.  It  haa 
3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River,  li  miles  from  White  Sulphur  Station,  and  about  28 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churohes  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Millville,  a  village  and  station  of  Hooking  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Hocking  River,  and  on  the  Columbus  A  Hocking  Val- 
ley Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rockbridge.  One  mile  from 
Millville  is  a  natural  bridge  of  rock. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  Symmes 
Creek,  16  miles  E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Willow  Wood  Post-Office. 

Millville,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  or  near 
Conemaugh  Creek,  and  near  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
adjoining  Johnstown.     It  has  a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  2105. 

Millville,  a  village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  Red  Bank 
Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Brookville.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
about  400.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Kerr's  Store. 

Millville,  a  post- village  in  Greenwood  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Pa.,  on  Little  Fishing  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Bloomsburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
seminary,  a  flouring- mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Millville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Millville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  or 
near  the  Elk  River,  about  68  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Millville,  a  post-office  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex. 

Millville,  a  post- village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  4  miles  S. 
of  Logan,  and  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Corinne.  It  has  a 
church,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  (1890)  679. 

Millville,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Wis.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River.  It  has  a  dour-mill, 
2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  206. 

Mill'ville,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co..  New  Brmia- 
wick,  on  the  Nackawiok  River,  and  on  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Railway,  38  miles  from  Fredericton.     Pop.  300. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
near  Wallace.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  saw-mills. 

Millville,  a  village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  W. 
of  Bowmanville.     It  contains  several  mills  and  stores. 

Millville  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on 
Lackawaxen  River,  and  on  the  Honesdale  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Honesdale.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  manufactory  of  settees,  step-ladders,  Ac. 

Mill'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  A  Columbia  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Reading 
It  has  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Millway,  or  Mil'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co., 
S.C,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Mill'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ware  oo.,  Ga., 
on  the  Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad,  78  miles  W.  of 
Brunswick. 

Millwood,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Elkhart.     Here  is  a  nursery. 

Millwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Stranger  River,  12  or  13  miles  N.W.  of  Leavenworth 
City.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Millwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  A  Blizabethtown  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  a  church. 

Millwood,  a  township  of  Steams  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  268. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  oo..  Mo.,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  the  Millwood  Insti- 
tute, and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  1479. 

Millwood,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Pop.  1524.  It 
contains  Quaker  City. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ver- 
non River,  12  miles  E.  of  Mount  Vernon.     Pop.  122. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  oo,.  Pa.,  in 
Derry  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles  B 
by  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Coal  is  mined  near  thisplace. 

Millwood,  or  Tel'ford,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  5  miles  W.  of  Jonesborough.  Here  is  Telford  Post- 
Office. 

Millwood,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Dallas. 

Millwood,  a  station  of  Harrison  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Marshall. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  on  th« 
Shenandoah  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Winchester.  It  has  3 
churches  and  1  or  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  213. 


MIL 


1838 


MIL 


milly,  mee^ee'  (L.  Milliacum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Bcolle,  15  miles  B.  of  Etampes.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  hosiery.     Pop.  2184. 

Milly,  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Beauvais.     Pop.  1078. 

Mil'mine,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  on  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad,  16  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Decatur.  Much  grain 
is  shipped  here. 

Milna,  mil'ni,  a  seaport  town  of  Dalmatia,  13  miles  S. 
of  Spalato,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Brazza,  on  a 
large  bay,  which  forms  an  excellent  harbor.     Pop.  2253. 

Mil'uathort,  a  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  IJ  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Kinross.     Pop.  1312. 

Mil'ner,  a  station  in  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  & 
North  Alabama  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Decatur. 

Milner,  a  post-oflSce  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Wedowee. 

Milner,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta 
division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  54  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Milner's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Hanoook  oo.,  Ind. 

MilnersTille,  Guernsey  co.,  0.    See  Birmingham. 

Milnesville,  milnz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  oo., 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  W. 
of  Ebervale.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  824. 

Milnesville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  oo.,  "Va.,  6J 
miles  W.  of  Mount  Crawford  Station. 

Milnesville,  milnz'vil,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  On- 
tario, 2i  miles  from  Markham.  It  contains  a  store  and 
several  saw-mills.     Pop.  125. 

Miln'gavie,  or  Mill'guy,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Stirling,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  2044. 

Miln'row,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  2  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Rochdale.     Pop.  5505. 

Milnthorpe,  or  Millthorpe,  mill'thorp,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  7  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Kendal. 

Milo,  mee'lo,  or  Me'los  (Gr.  Mtj^os),  an  island  of  the 
kingdom  of  Greece,  in  the  nome  of  the  Cyolades.  Lat.  36° 
45'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  23'  E.  Area,  66  square  miles.  Surface 
mountainous,  volcanic,  and  generally  sterile.  Mount  St. 
Elias,  in  its  W.  part,  is  2480  feet  in  height.  Sulphur,  alum, 
and  vitriol  are  its  principal  products,  and  it  has  many  cav- 
erns and  hot  springs.  A  large  bay  indents  it  on  the  N., 
forming  one  of  the  most  frequented  harbors  in  the  Cyola- 
des, on  the  S.E.  side  of  which  is  the  small  town  of  Milo,  in 
ancient  times  a  flourishing  city.  Pop.  3490.  Anti-Milo, 
in'tee  mee'lo,  is  an  islet  about  6  miles  N.W.  Th«  eparchy 
of  Milo  includes  also  several  other  islands.     Pop.  10,784. 

Mi'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Troy.     It  haa  a  church. 

Milo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  oo.,  Dl.,  in  Milo  town- 
ship, about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Laoon,  and  35  miles  N.  of 
Peoria.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1118. 

Milo,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  719. 

Milo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salt  Creek  township,  Lincoln 
CO.,  Kansas,  42  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth.     It  has  a  church. 

Milo,  a  post-village  in  Milo  township,  Piscataquis  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Sebec  River,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Bangor 
k  Piscataquis  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  Piscataquis  and  Pleasant  Rivers, 
and  has  abundant  water-power.  Pop.  of  the  township,  938. 

Milo,  a  post-office  of  Barry  co.,  Mich. 

Milo,  a  township  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  219. 

Milo,  a  post-township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on 
the  £.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  on  the  W.  by  Keuka  Lake.  It 
contains  part  of  Penn  Yan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad.     Pop.  5008.     See  also  Himrod's. 

Milo,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0. 

Milo,  a  post- village  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Milo  Centre,  or  Milo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milo  town- 
ship, Yates  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Miloslaw,  mee'lo-sliv\  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1690. 

Milostavitchi,  me-lo-sti-vitoh'ee,  a  market-town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Moheelev,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kli- 
movitchi.     Pop.  1800. 

Milpitas,  mil-pee'tas,  a  post-village  of  Santa   Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  at  Milpitas  Station  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  San  Jos6.    It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  fatming-implementa.     Pop.  of  township,  666. 
Milquaty,  a  township  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  324. 
MiProy',  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  123. 
Milroy,  a  post-village  in  Anderson  township,  Rush  co., 
Tnd.,  on  Little  Flat  Rock  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of  Rushville. 


It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen - 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Milroy,  a  post-village  in  Armagh  township,  Mifflin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mifflin  k  Centre  County  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  598. 

Miltenberg,  mil't^n-bfeo',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  31  miles  W.  of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  3561.  It  has  a 
Franciscan  convent,  and  a  ca«tle  belonging  to  the  Princ« 
of  Leiningen.  • 

Mil'ton,  or  Royal  Milton,  a  former  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Kent,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Channel  between  the  Isle  of 
Sheppy  and  the  mainland,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Medwaj', 
7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Feversham.  It  is  now  a  part 
of  the  borough  of  Gravesend.  Pop.  24,966.  It  has  wharves 
for  barges  engaged  in  the  London  carrying  trade,  and  nu 
merous  dredgers  employed  in  its  celebrated  oyster-fisheries. 

Milton,  or  Her'bertshire,  a  small  village  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Stirling,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Falkirk,  on  the 
Carron.     Pop.  1190. 

Mil'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  110  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and 
intersected  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
And  wheat.  Capital,  Alpbaretta.  Pop.  in  1870,  4284  j  in 
1880,  6261 ;  in  1890,  6208. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Autauga  oo.,  Ala.,  7  milea 
from  Clay's  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Stockton  k  Copperopolis  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Stockton.     It  haa  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  township,  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Shepaug  River,  about  34  miles  W.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  the  ^tna 
shear-shop. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  oo.,  Del.,  about  77  milea 
S.  of  Wilmington,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Lewes.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy.  It  is  partly  supported  by  ship- 
building.    Pop. in  1890,  1074. 

Milton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Yellow  River,  about  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
Pensacola  Bay,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Pensacola,  and  about  70 
miles  E.  of  Mobile.  It  has  7  churches,  an  academy,  several 
saw-mills,  and  a  public  library.  Several  steamers  are  owne<' 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1455. 

Milton-,  Coles  co..  111.     See  HnMBOLT. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Du  Page  oo..  111.  Pop.  2176. 
It  contains  Wheaton. 

Milton,  a  station  in  Madison  oo..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  k 
Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Alton. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Montezuma  township.  Pike 
CO.,  111.,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  3  milei 
W.  of  the  Illinois  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  bank,  a  pottery,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  » 
cigar-factory. 

Milton,  a  township  of  JeflFerson  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1975 
It  contains  Brooksburg. 

Milton,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.    See  Hunter. 

Milton,  apost-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  AVhite- 
water  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  k  Whitewater  Valley 
Railroad  and  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  k  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cambridge  City,  and  55  miles  E.  of 
Indianapolis.  It  has  5  churches,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  the 
Hoosier  Agricultural  Works.     Pop.  in  1890,  742. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Van  Buren 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     P.  (1890)  643. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  230. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Wichita. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  opposite  Madison,  Ind.,  and  about  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Neponset  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a 
high  school,  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  chocolate- mill,  and 
many  elegant  residences.  Fine  granite  is  found  here.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  4278. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Antrim  oo.,  Mich.,  on  Grand 
Traverse  Bay.     Pop.  310.     It  contains  Creswell. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  532. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb  co.,   Mich.,  on  thu 


MIL 


1839 


MIL 


Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Dodge  cc,  Minn.     Pop.  903. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Corning  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Milton,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Moberly.     It  has  2  churches. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasper  co.,  Neb.,  25  miles  W. 
of  Holdredge. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Strafford 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  on  the  North 
Conway  division  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Great  Falls.  It  has  a  superior  hotel,  and  some  manu- 
factures of  shoes  and  lumber,  also  2  churches  and  a  classical 
■chool.  The  township  contains  also  the  village  of  Milton 
Mills,  and  has  a  pop,  of  1598. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Morristown.     It  has  a  church. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  5227. 
It  contains  Ballston  Spa,  Milton  Centre,  West  Milton,  and 
Rock  City  Falls. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Marlborough  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  12  miles  above  New- 
burg,  and  4  miles  below  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  wheelbarrows.  Pop.  about 
€00.  On  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river  is  Milton  Ferry 
Station  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  70  miles  from  New 
York.     A  ferry-boat  plies  between  Milton  and  this  station. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Caswell  co., 
N.C.  (near  the  northern  boundary  of  the  state),  on  the  Dan 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  County  Line  Creek,  and  on  the  Mil- 
ton <fc  Sutherlin  Railroad,  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Raleigh, 
a.nd  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Danville,  Va.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  tobacco- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  705;  of  the  township,  2808. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1240. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.  Pop.  3404.  It 
■contains  Berlin  Cross  Roads  and  Middleton,  also  Milton 
Station,  at  Wellston,  on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of  the 
Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Hamden 
Junction. 

Milton,  a  post-township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  about  16 
miles  W.  of  Youngstown.  Pop.  744.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mahoning  River. 

Milton,  or  West  Milton,  a  post-village  in  Union 
township,  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  Stillwater  River,  or  South- 
west Branch  of  the  Miami  River,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton, 
and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  woollen-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  706. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Milton. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  1524.  It 
contains  Milton  Station  (which  see). 

Milton,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1464.  It 
contains  Milton  Centre  and  Custar. 

Milton,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Milton,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  Mahoning 
Creek,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill.     Here  is  Phoenix  Post-Office. 

Milton,  a  post-borough  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad  and  the  Catawissa  &  Williams- 
port  Railroad,  13  miles  above  Sunbury,  27  miles  below 
Williamsport,  and  15  miles  by  railroad  W.N.W.  of  Danville. 
Milton  has  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  trust  company, 
4  newspaper  offices,  2  rolling-mills,  a  car-factory,  a  knit- 
ting-factory, saw-  and  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
nails,  tools,  and  machinery.     Pop.  in  1890,  5317. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  100. 

Milton,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  about  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Paris. 

3Iilton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Chittenden 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  7  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  St. 
Albans,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Burlington.  The 
river  here  falls  about  150  feet  in  a  course  of  300  yards,  af- 
fording abundant  water-power.  Milton  has  several  saw- 
mills, a  carriage-shop,  5  churches,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2062. 

Milton,  a  thriving  post-village  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Hun- 
tington. In  the  vicinity  are  several  churches  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  staves,  &c.     Pop.  about  400. 

Milton,  a  township  of  BuflFalo  co..  Wis.,  -n  the  Missis- 
sippi River.     Pop.  427,  exclusive  of  Buffalo 


Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Rook  eo., 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  83 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Janesville, 
and  2  miles  E.  of  Milton  Junction,  which  is  on  the  Chicago 
<k  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Her« 
is  Milton  College,  which  was  organized  in  1867  and  is  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  Seventh-Day  Baptists.  Rock 
River  touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  townsnip.  Pop.  ot 
the  village  in  1890,  685  ;  of  the  township,  2300. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Liverpool  River,  2i  miles  from  Liverpool.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-trade,  a  number  of  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  piaoiBK- 
mill,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  1100. 

Milton,  Ontario.     See  Milton  West. 

Milton,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward  Island, 
on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  7  miles  from  Char- 
lottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Milto'na,  a  post-township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn  Pop. 
130.     It  contains  the  large  lake  Miltona. 

Milton  Ab'bas,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  6 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Blandford-Forum,  Pop.  of  parish,  942. 
Milton  Abbey  is  a  noble  structure,  occupying  the  site  of  a 
monastery  built  by  King  Athelstan  about  933. 

Milton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  eo.,  N.Y., 
in  Milton  township,  3  miles  from  Ballston,  and  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  about  40  dwellings. 

Milton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in 
Milton  township,  on  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  buckets,  <fcc. 

Milton  East,  a  post-village  in  SheS'ord  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  N.  of  Granby.  It  contains  a  hotel,  a  store,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Milton  Ferry,  or  Bar^negat',  a  station  in  Dutcness 
CO.,  N.Y. ,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Poughkeepsie,  and  70  miles  N.  of 
New  York,  and  opposite  Milton,  to  which  it  is  connected 
by  steam  ferry. 

Milton  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  ib 
Mount  Joy  township,  1 5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lancaster.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Milton  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chi 
cago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Madison, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Milton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  <fcc. 

Milton  Lower  Mills,  a  village  in  Milton  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  at  Milton  Station,  at  or  near  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Shawmut  and  Milton  Branches  of  the  Old  Col- 
ony Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Milton  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township, 
Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  on  a  branch  of  Salmon  Falls  River, 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Dover.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  flannels,  blankets,  piano-coverj, 
and  felt  goods. 

Milton  Park,  England.    See  Peterborough. 

Milton  Plantation,  a  post-office  and  plantation  oi 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.  Pop.  258.  It  is  stated  that  silver-mines 
have  been  found  here. 

Mil'tonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Barnesville,  and  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Wheel- 
ing, W.  Va.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-faatory. 

Milton  Station,  Coles  co..  111.    See  Humbolt. 

Milton  Station,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on 
the  N.  border  of  Milton  township,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <t 
Great  Western  Railroad,  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron.  It 
has  2  churches,  3  stores,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Mil'tonville,  a  village  in  Madison  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.     Pop.  179. 

Milton  VVest,  or  Milton,  a  town,  capital  of  Halton 
CO.,  Ontario,  situated  on  Sixteen  Mile  Creek,  16  miles  S.  of 
Georgetown.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-factory,  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  891. 

Milton  \¥harf,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  Va. 

Miltschin,  milt-sheen',  or  Milcsin,  mil-choen',  n 
town  of  Bohemia,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1780. 

Miltseen,  or  Miltsin,  milt-seen',  a  mountain  of  North 
Africa,  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Atlas  range,  is  situ- 
ated about  30  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Morocco.  Lat.  31" 
15'  N. ;  ion.  7°  25'  W.    Height,  about  11,400  feet. 

Mil'verton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  13) 
miles  S.W.  of  Bridgewater.     Pop.  of  parish,  2018. 


MIL 


1840 


MIN 


Milwaukee,  mil-waw'kee,  the  most  populous  county 
of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  232  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Milwaukee,  Menomonee,  and  Root  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Niagara 
limestone  underlies  the  soil.  Capital,  Milwaukee.  Pop.  in 
1870,  89,930;  in  1880,  138,537;  in  1890,  236,101. 

Milwankee,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.^  Oregon, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon 
k  California  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Portland.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  store,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Milwaukee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has  a  church. 

Milwaukee,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  county  seat  of  Mil- 
waukee CO.,  and  the  most  populous  city  of  Wisconsin,  is 
situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Milwaukee  River,  85  miles  N.  of  Chicago,  and  80  miles 
E.  of  Madison.  Lat.  43°  3'  45"  N. ;  Ion.  87°  57'  W.  The 
Milwaukee  River  approaching  from  the  N.,  almost  parallel 
with  the  lake  shore,  is  joined  about  half  a  mile  from  its 
mouth  by  the  Menomonee  River,  which  flows  in  from  the 
W.,  and  nearer  its  mouth  by  the  Kinnickinnick  River,  which 
comes  from  the  S.W.  The  largest  steamers  on  the  lakes 
can  ascend  the  Milwaukee  River  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
beats  can  also  ascend  the  Menomonee  and  Kinnickinnick 
Rivers  for  a  long  distance.  A  large  amount  of  money  has 
been  expended  by  the  general  government  in  the  improve- 
ment of  Milwaukee  harbor,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  best 
harbors  on  the  Great  Lakes.  A  breakwater  stretching 
across  the  N.  bight  of  Milwaukee  Bay  incloses  a  basin 
capable  of  sheltering  an  immense  fleet.  The  city  is  advan- 
tageously situated  along  the  banks  of  the  three  rivers 
named,  and  the  transportation  facilities  afforded  by  these 
waterways  have  made  it  a  great  manufacturing  and  ship- 
ping point.  The  residence  portions  of  the  city,  on  high 
ground  above  the  busy  valleys  along  the  streams,  are  noted 
for  their  beautiful  shaded  avenues  and  elegant  homes.  The 
finest  residence  districts  are  on  the  plateau  between  the 
lake  and  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  along  the  lake  and  river 
bluffs,  and  on  the  high  ground  to  the  west.  Milwaukee 
contains  122  churches,  of  which  94  are  Protestant,  24  Cath- 
olic, and  4  Hebrew.  There  are  41  public  schools,  1  state 
normal  school,  4  colleges,  and  many  seminaries,  academies, 
and  private  and  church  schools.  The  city  has  also  3  orphan 
asylums,  7  other  asylums,  and  8  hospitals.  The  public  in- 
stitutions include  a  branch  of  the  National  Soldiers'  Home, 
the  Lay  ton  Art  Gallery,  a  public  museum  with  an  extensive 
natural  history,  geological,  and  archsBological  collection, 
and  a  public  library  containing  over  65,000  volumes.  The 
Catholic  Convent  Notre-Dame  occupies  an  entire  square  on 
the  East  Side.  The  Capuchins  occupy  a  square  on  the 
West  Side  with  their  church,  monastery,  and  accessory 
buildings,  and  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis  have  a  large  house 
on  the  South  Side.  Ten  daily  papers  are  published  in 
Milwaukee,  38  weekly  newspapers,  and  a  number  of 
monthly  and  quarterly  periodicals.  The  city  has  12  banks, 
1  life  insurance  company,  and  several  fire  insurance  com- 
panies. Transportation  facilities  are  afforded  by  eleven 
railway  lines  radiating  from  the  city,  and  as  many  steamer 
lines  to  other  lake  ports.  Urban  and  suburban  transit 
fiicilities  are  furnished  by  over  100  miles  of  well-equipped 
electric  railway.  Milwaukee  is  a  great  grain-market,  and 
also  an  important  coal-receiving  and  distributing  point. 
During  1892  the  receipts  of  wheat  were  15,204,639  bushels, 
and  the  shipments  3,708,609  bushels.  Nearly  12,000,000 
bushels  of  barley  were  received  for  malting  purposes,  and 
6,024,169  bushels  shipped.  The  receipts  of  grain  of  all 
kinds  during  1892  aggregated  36,763,849  bushels.  The  7 
flouring-mills  located  in  the  city  produced  2,117,009  barrels 
of  flour  during  1892,  an  amount  surpassed  only  by  Minne- 
apolis, the  leading  milling  centre  of  the  United  States. 
The  coal  receipts  during  1892  aggregated  1,374,414  tons. 
Milwaukee  has  over  3500  manufacturing  establishments, 
employing  nearly  60,000  persons,  who  receive  nearly  $30,- 
000,000  annually  in  wages,  and  produce  nearly  $145,000,000 
worth  of  manufactured  products.  The  most  conspicuous 
industry  is  that  of  brewing  lager  beer,  and  Milwaukee  beer 
is  well  known  all  over  the  civilized  world.  In  1892  the  7 
brewing  establishments  located  in  the  city  produced  2,299,- 
000  barrels  of  beer.  The  correlated  industry  of  malting  is 
represented  by  11  establishments,  which  produced  $5,485,000 
worth  of  malt  in  1892.  Milwaukee  was  settled  in  1835,  and 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1846.  The  population  in  1850 
was  20,061;  in  1854,  30,000;  in  1863,  65,000;  in  1870, 
71,440;  in  1876,  100,775;  in  1880,  115,587;  in  1885, 
168,609;  in  1890,  204,468.     In  1891  the  area  of  the  city 


was  increased  by  annexation  from  17.08  square  miles  to  2t 
square  miles,  and  through  this  and  the  regular  natural  in- 
crease the  population  is  now  245,000.  A  number  of  thriving 
industrial  suburbs  are  practically  a  part  of  the  cit.v.  but 
they  are  not  counted  in  this  estimate  of  the  population. 
Thirteen  extensive  manufacturing  establishments  are  located 
at  South  Milwaukee,  a  flourishing  town  with  a  harbor  and 
dock  facilities  and  ample  railway  accommodations.  The 
town  of  Cudahy,  between  South  Milwaukee  and  the  city 
proper,  has  an  extensive  meat-packing  establishment  and 
other  industrial  institutions.  Eight  manufacturing  plants 
are  located  at  North  Milwaukee.  Wauwatosa  is  a  well- 
peopled  residence  suburb  west  of  Milwaukee.  Vital  statis- 
tics prove  that  Milwaukee  is  one  of  the  healthiest  cities  in 
the  United  States.  This  is  due  to  its  elevated  location,  ex- 
cellent drainage,  and  pure  water.  It  has  a  system  of  exten- 
sive and  beautiful  parks  comprising  reservations  in  the 
three  divisions  of  the  city,  and  a  terraced  park  on  the  laka 
front  only  a  few  minutes'  walk  from  the  business  centre. 

Milwaukee  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Fond  du  Laa 
CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Washington  co.,  and  south- 
ward through  Ozaukee  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at 
the  city  of  Milwaukee.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Mimbres,  meem'bris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  New 
Mexico,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Silver  City.    Here  are  hot  springs. 

Mimcina,  or  Mimsina,  mim-8ee'n&,  a  considerable 
town  of  Morocco,  190  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Morocco, 
lat.  30°  N.,  Ion.  5°  W. 

Min,  min  or  meen,  or  Min-Kiang,  min^-ke-S,ng',  a 
considerable  river  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  flows  gen- 
erally S.E.  into  Ho-Sien  Bay,  lat.  26°  8'  N.,  Ion.  119°  40'  E. 
On  it  are  the  cities  Kien-Chang,  Yen-Ping,  and  Foo-Choo. 

Mina,  mee'n&  (plural  Minas,  mee'n&s),  a  Portuguese 
and  Spanish  word,  signifying  "  mine,"  and  forming  a  part 
of  several  names  in  South  America;  as  Mikas-Geraes  (the 
"General  Mines"),  Minas-Novas  (the  "New  Mines"),  <kc. 

Mi'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mina 
township,  about  24  miles  W.  of  Jamestown,  and  22  miles  E. 
of  Erie,  Pa.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1195. 

Minab,  Persia.    See  Meenab. 

Minahassa,  mee^ni-his'si  (native,  Ni-mahaaga,  "  con- 
federation"), a  district  in  the  Dutch  residency  of  Menado, 
Celebes,  forming  the  extreme  N.E.  point  of  the  island.  It 
is  composed  of  36  little  states  under  Dutch  control.  It  is 
a  very  rough  and  volcanic  region,  but  is  one  of  the  finest 
coffee-districts  in  the  world.  Its  people,  lately  savages,  have 
become  civilized,  chiefly  through  the  labors  of  Dutch  mii^ 
sionaries.     Capital,  Menado.     Pop.  105,614. 

Minam,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Meen  am. 

Minas  (mee'nas)  Bay,  a  remarkable  body  of  water  in 
Nova  Scotia,  the  E.  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  penetrating 
60  miles  inland  and  terminating  in  Chignecto  Bay.  The 
tides  here  rush  in  with  great  impetuosity  and  form  what  is 
called  the  bore.  At  the  equinoxes  they  have  been  known 
to  rise  from  60  to  70  feet,  while  in  Halifax  harbor,  on  the 
opposite  coast,  the  spring  tides  rise  only  from  6  to  9  feet. 
Minas  Bay  receives  a  great  number  of  small  rivers,  the 
principal  of  which,  called  the  Avon,  is  navigable. 

Minas- Geraes,  mee'n&s  zhi-r&'Ss  (almost  zhi-rice'),  a 
state  of  Brazil,  situated  between  lat.  14°  25'  and  23°  S.  and 
Ion.  40°  37'  and  53°  20'  W.,  having  E.  Bahia,  S.  Sao  Paulo, 
W.  Goyaz,  and  N.  Pernambuco.  Area,  222,160  square  miles. 
It  occupies  the  highest  table-land  in  Brazil,  and  is  the  most 
populous  of  its  states.  The  prairies  are  covered  with  vast 
herds  of  cattle,  and  the  cheese  of  the  state  is  in  high  repute. 
The  gold  and  precious  stones  of  Minas-Geraes  are  important. 
Iron-works  have  been  erected  in  the  neighborhood  of  Ouro 
Preto,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1872,  2,039,735;  in  1882, 
2,449,010;  in  1888,  3,018,807. 

Minas-Novas,  mee'n&s  no'v&s,  formerly  Bom- Suc- 
cesso  das  Minas-de-Fanado,  b6N»-soos-s&'so  d&s 
mee'n&s  d&  f&-n&'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  230  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Minatitlan,  mee^n&-tit-l&n',  or  La  Fabrica,  1&  f&'- 
bree-k&,  a  port  of  Mexico,  on  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec, 
140  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  It  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
river  Coatzacoalcos,  20  miles  from  its  mouth.  There  are  14 
feet  of  water  on  the  bar  at  the  river's  mouth,  and  more  than 
20  feet  to  a  point  several  miles  above  the  town,  which  has 
a  church  and  a  school,  and  ships  mahogany  and  the  other 
products  of  the  region. 

Mi'tiaville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Amsterdam.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     P.  130. 

Minaya,  me-ni'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  31 
miles  N.W.  of  Albaoete.     Pop.  2118. 

Min'burn,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  on  th« 


MIN 


1841 


MIN 


Des  Moines  <Ss  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Des  Moines.     It  is  near  the  Raccoon  River.     It  hasachuroh. 

Mincar'lo,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  4  miles  W.  of  St. 
Mary's.     Area,  12  acres. 

Minch,  a  strait  of  Scotland.    See  Minsh. 

Alin-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China.    See  Min-Shan. 

Minchinhamp'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Glou- 
cester, on  the  Cotswold  Hills,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Stroud.  It 
has  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  of  parish,  4361. 

Minchinmadiva,  min-chin-m&-dee'v&,  written  also 
Minchinraadom,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes,  in 
Patagonia.     Lat.  42°  60'  S.     Height,  8000  feet. 

minciOj  min'cho  or  meen'cho  (ane.  Min'eius),  a  river 
of  Italy,  emerges  from  the  S.  extremity  of  Lago  di  G^rda, 
flows  S.  and  E.,  passes  Goito  and  Mantua,  and  joins  the  Po 
near  Governolo.     Length,  38  miles. 

Min'cy,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

Mindanao,  min-d&-n&'o  or  meen-d&-n&'o,  or  Magin- 
danao,  mi-neen-di-ni'o,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
*pelago,  the  southernmost,  and  after  Luzon  the  largest,  of  the 
Philippines,  extending  from  Point  Banajan,  lat.  9°  50'  N., 
to  Point  Mindanao,  lat.  5°  32'  N.,  and  from  Point  Alimpapan, 
Ion.  122°  E.,  to  Cape  St.  Augustine  or  Pandagitan,  Ion. 
126°  13'  E.  Greatest  length,  300  miles.  Estimated  area, 
36,000  square  miles.  Iligan  Bay  on  the  N.,  and  Illanon  or 
Illana  Bay  on  the  S.,  nearly  divide  the  island  into  two 

Earts.  Its  line  of  coast  is  marked  with  many  bays  and 
eadlands,  which  afford  excellent  shelter  to  ships  during 
storms.  Its  mountains  are  of  immense  altitude,  and  are 
clothed  nearly  to  their  summits  with  forests  of  teak  and 
other  large  trees.  Numerous  volcanoes,  some  in  full  ignition, 
occur  among  them,  but  Mount  Calatan,  near  the  source  of 
the  river  Batuan,  seems  the  only  one  known  by  name  to 
geographers.  The  island  is  thickly  interspersed  with  lakes, 
and  in  some  parts  are  extensive  prairies.  The  products 
comprise  gold,  rice,  wax,  cassia,  rattans,  tobacco,  and  pep- 
per, exported  chiefly  to  Manila  and  the  adjacent  islands. 
The  interior  is  peopled  by  Papuan  negroes.  The  Malays 
live  under  many  independent  chiefs,  the  principal  of  whom 
is  the  Sultan  of  Mindanao.  Principal  towns,  Mindanao, 
Samboanga,  Cagayan,  Surigao,  and  Tandag.    Pop.  732,802. 

Mindanao,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Mindanao,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Pelangy,  in  the  Bay 
of  Illanon,  and  contiguous  to  which  is  Selangan,  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Sultan  of  Mindanao. 

Mindeiheim^miu'd^l-hime^  (ano.  £o»'trun)  Neno'rim), 
a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  on  the  Mindel,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Augsburg.     Pop.  3205. 

Minden,  min'd§n  (L.  Min'da),  a  strongly  fortified 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Weser,  and  on  the 
railway  from  Berlin  to  the  Rhine,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Miin- 
Eter.  Besides  its  fortifications  and  barracks,  it  has  a  cathe- 
dral, Lutheran,  Roman  Catholic,  and  Calvinist  churches, 
several  hospitals,  schools,  and  public  institutions,  manufac- 
tories of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  hosiery,  tobacco,  soap, 
and  refined  sugar,  and  a  considerable  trade  on  the  river 
between  Bremen  and  Central  Germany.  Minden  is  the 
seat  of  several  important  courts,  and  possesses  an  historical 
and  antiquarian  society.  It  was  the  residence  of  several  of 
the  early  German  emperors,  and  many  diets  have  been  held 
here.     Pop.  17,075. 

Minden,  a  government  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  bounded 
N.  and  N.W.  by  the  province  of  Hanover.  Area,  2028 
square  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basins  of  the  Weser,  Ems, 
and  Rhine.     Pop.  480,612. 

Min'den,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala. 

Minden,  a  post-village  in  Neola  township,  Pottawat- 
tamie CO.,  Iowa,  on  Keg  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs. 
It  has  a  hotel,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  &c.     Pop.  500. 

Minden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  parish.  La., 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shreveport,  and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  the 
navigable  Dorcheat  River.  It  has  4  churches,  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  female  college,  and  the  Minden  Academy  or 
high  school.  Cotton  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of 
export.     Pop.  1100. 

Minden,  a  post- village  in  Minden  township,  Sanilac 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Bay  City,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Lake  Huron.     It  has  a  foundry  and  3  general  stores. 

Minden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb., 
32  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  lumber,  Ac. 
Pop^  in  1890,  1380. 

Minden,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Utica,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Mohawk  River.  It  has  a  fertile  soil  and  a  hilly  surface. 
Pop.  4685.     Minden  Post-Office  is  at  Fordsbush. 


Minden,  a  post-village  and  river-port  in  Peterboroagb 
CO.,  Ontario,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bobcaygeon.  It  oontain* 
2  churches,  6  stores,  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Min'denville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Mohawk  River  and  on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  9  milea 
S.E.  of  Little  Falls.     Pop.  about  100. 

Mindoro,  min-do'ro  or  meen-do'ro,  an  island  of  the 
Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago,  lat.  of  Cape  Calavite,  IS" 
27'  N.,  Ion.  120°  21'  B.,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Luzon.  Esti- 
mated area,  4150  square  miles.  Pop.  70,926.  Surface 
mountainous,  and,  viewed  from  the  sea,  it  is  picturesqnr. 
Chief  town,  Calapan,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Mindoro,  Sea  of.    See  Sooloo  Sea. 

Mindoro,  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.     See  Newton. 

Mine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Mine'head,  a  seaport  town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Somerset,  on  the  Bristol  Channel,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bridgewater.  Pop.  1905.  The  town  has  a  commodious 
harbor,  with  a  herring-fishery  and  coasting  trade. 

Minehead,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Waterford, 
on  the  Atlantic,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ardmore. 

Mine  Hill,  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  Ferrohont. 

Mine  Hill  Gap,  a  hamlet  and  station  in  SchuylkiH 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mine  Hill  «t  Schuylkill  Haven  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  Miners ville,  at  the  junction  of  a  short  branch 
railroad.     It  has  important  coal-mines. 

Mine  Kill  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany. 

Mine  La  Motte,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  102 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  valuable  mines  of  lead  which 
have  been  worked  100  years  or  more;  and  cobalt,  malachite, 
and  other  minerals  are  found  here.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  smelting-furnace.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mineo,  me-n&'o  (anc.  Me'nm),  a  town  of  Sicily,  96  miles 
S.W.  of  Catania,  on  an  eminence  near  a  sulphurous  lake, 
and  possessing  a  college.     Pop.  9337. 

Min^eo'la,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North 
Hempstead  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.  of  Jamaica,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  Hempstead  Branch  with  the  main  line,  and 
is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Glen  Cove  Branch  Railroad.  It 
has  a  court-house.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mineola,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texa« 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  two  other  railroads,  77  miles  E. 
of  Dallas.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1333. 

Mi'ner,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ver- 
milion River,  and  also  drained  by  Red  Stone  Creek.  The 
surface  is  an  undulating  prairie.  Capital,  Howard.  Pop. 
in  1880,  363;  in  1890,  6165. 

Miner,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  A 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Min'eral,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.E.  part  of  West 
Virginia,  borders  on  Maryland.  Area,  about  370  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  and  N.E.  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Patter- 
son's Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile, 
and  produces  Indian  corn  and  wheat.  Bituminous  coal  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  and  West  Virginia  Central  A  Pittsburg  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Keyser.  Pop.  in  1870,  6332;  in  1880, 
8630;  in  1890,  12,085. 

Mineral,  a  township  of  Plumas  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  400. 

Mineral,  a  post- village  of  Bureau  oo..  111.,  in  Mineral 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  4  Pacific  Railroad, 
42  miles  W.  of  La  Salle.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  church, 
and  an  elevator.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  plaoe.  Pop.  250 ; 
of  the  township,  1034. 

Mineral,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  1195. 

Mineral,  a  station  m  Eureka  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Eureka 
<fc  Palisade  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Mineral,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ma- 
rietta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
is  a  shipping-point  for  lumber. 

Mineral  City,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  line  between  Richland  and  Taylor  townships,  on  the 
Bedford,  Springville,  Owensburg  &  Bloomfield  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mineral  City,  a  mining  hamlet  of  White  Pine  co., 
Nev.,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Hamilton.    Silver  is  found  here. 

Mineral  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bee  oo.,  Tex.,  65  miles 
S.W.  of  Cuero. 

Mineral  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Elko  oo.,  Nev.,  5  miles 
E.  of  Mineral  Station,  and  about  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of 


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Elko.      It  has  a  church.     Pop.  212.     Silver-mines  have 
been  opened  here. 

Mineral  Park,  a  post- village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona, 
about  130  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  rich  silver- 
mine  and  a  quartz-mill.  Gold  is  said  to  be  found  near  this 
place. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  eo.,  Kansas, 
about  13  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Garnett,  and  3  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Harris.     It  has  general  stores,  &c. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad, 
61  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Potosi, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  branch  railroad.  Lead  and 
iron  are  found  here. 

Mineral  Point,  or  Mineral  City,  a  post-village  of 
Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas 
Branch  of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Philadelphia.  It  has  mines  of  excellent 
iteam-coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  893. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on 
Oonemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Johnstown,  and  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Mineral  Point,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  AVashington  «fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Somerset  &  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  101  miles 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  in 
Mineral  Point  township,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madi- 
son, and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  at  Warren.  It  contains 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  2 
foundries,  and  3  smelting-furnaces  for  zinc.  Lead  is  mined 
in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  3055 ;  of  township,  additional,  1527. 

Mineral  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort 
Dodge,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mineral  Ridge,  a  post- village  in  Weathersfield  town- 
ship, Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Niles.  It  has  6  churches,  2  furnaces 
for  pig-iron,  a  money-order  post-office,  8  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  wheels  and  bricks.  Coal  abounds  near  this 
place.     Pop,  in  1890  851. 

Mineral  Siding,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Cambridge. 

Mineral  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  9 
miles  from  Confluence,  Pa.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen- 
factory. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Howard  co..  Ark.,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fulton.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Southern  Arkansas  College,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  cotton-gin,  a  valuable  mineral  spring,  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  350. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Canton,  and  about  5  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Jasper,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Mineral  Springs,  or  Cobleskill  (kob'^lz-kil)  Cen- 
tre, a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  8  miles 
W.  of  Schoharie  Court-House.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, a  grain-cradle  factory,  a  wagon-factory,  a  picture- 
frame-works,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  about  100.  Here 
is  Mineral  Springs  Post-Office. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  township  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1040. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Meigs  township,  20  miles  N.  of  Rome. 
It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  Ac. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Marlborough 
00.,  S.C,  7  miles  S.  of  Bennettsville. 

Mineral  Wells,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Claysville  Station,  and  7  miles  from  Parkers- 
burg.     Here  is  a  summer  resort. 

Minerbe,  me-nStt'bi,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  3462. 

Minerbe,  or  Minerbio,  me-nfiR'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Emilia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  7244. 

Mine  Ridge,  in  the  S.E.  part  and  extending  along 
the  B.  border  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  derives  its  name  from 
Its  copper-mines,  which  are  no  longer  worked. 

Mine  Road,  a  station  in  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Fredericksburg. 

Sli'ner's  DeUight',  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 


Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,   108  miles    from  Green   River 
City.     Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz  and  placers. 

Mi'nersville,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Weaverville.  Gold 
is  found  here.     Pop.  102. 

Minersvilie,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Minersville,  Missouri.     See  Oronogo. 

Minersvilie,  a  sUtion  in  Otoe  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  6  miles  below 
Nebraska  City. 

Minersville,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  nearly  2  miles  above  Pomeroy.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  salt  and  bromine,  and  is  supported  chiefly  by 
operations  in  coal,  which  is  mined  here  in  large  quantities. 
Here  are  4  churches. 

Minersvilie,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  4  miles  W.  of 
Pottsville,  and  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  a  valley,  near  the  base  of  Broad  Mountain,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad.  Its  pros-* 
perity  is  mainly  derived  from  operations  in  anthracite  coal, 
which  is  mined  here  in  the  Schuylkill  or  Pottsville  basin. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  10  churches,  2 
machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  soap,  and  shoes. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3504.  It  is  connected  with  Mount  Carbon  by 
the  People's  Railroad. 

Minersvilie,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  oo.,  Utah,  about 
120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Manti,  and  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Beaver.  Silver,  iron,  and  lead  are  found  near  this  place. 
It  has  a  church. 

Mine  Run,  apost-offioe  of  Orange  oo.,  Va. 

Mine  Run  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va. 

Miner'va,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in  Mi- 
nerva township,  about  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marshalltown.    Pop.,  of  township,  696. 

Minerva,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Elm 
Grove  township,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego. 

Minerva,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  about  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Maysville,  and  4  miles  from  the  Ohio 
River.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  159. 

Minerva,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  White  Hall,  is  traversed  by  the  Hudson 
River,  and  connected  with  Saratoga  Springs  by  the  Adiron- 
dack Railroad.  Its  surface  is  mountainous.  Here  are  beds 
of  iron  ore.     Pop.  962. 

Minerva,  a  post-village  of  Stark  oo.,  0.,  on  Sandy 
Creek,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  72  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  16 
miles  B.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  is  partly  in  Carroll  oo.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  furniture,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  1139. 

Minervino,  me-n4R-vee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinc« 
of  Bari,  15  milee  S.W.  of  Andria.     Pop.  13,844. 

Mines,  minz,  a  post-office  and  scattered  mining  village 
of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  and  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Springfield 
Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  30  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Hollidaysburg.  Here  is  a  large  mine  of  iron  owned  by 
the  Cambria  Iron  Company. 

Mines,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bellefonte  <fe 
Snow  Shoe  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  Snow  Shoe.  Here 
semi-bituminous  coal  is  mined. 

Minet'to,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Oswego  River,  and  on  the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad, 
about  5  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church. 

Mineville,  min'vil,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Moriah  township,  on  the  Lake  Champlain  &  Moriah 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Henry.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  rich  iron-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1844. 

MineAvithen,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands. 

Minga'la,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  near  their  S. 
extremity,  about  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pabba.  Length,  3 
miles. 

Mingan,  ming'gan,  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mingan  River,  opposite  the  Mingan  Islands,  398 
miles  below  Quebec.  It  is  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  post. 
The  inhabitants,  chiefly  Indians,  are  engaged  in  hunting 
and  fishing.     The  harbor  is  very  fine.     Pop.  560. 

Mingan  Islands,  a  group  of  29  isles  of  Canada,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  N.  of  Anticosti,  extending  45  miles 
along  the  Labrador  coast. 

Mingan  River,  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  enters  the  N. 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Mingan.  It  is  one  of  the 
finest  salmon-streams  in  the  province,  and  excellent  fo' 
trout.     The  scenery  in  rear  of  this  stream  is  romantic. 


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^O^' 


Minglanilla,  min-gl&-neel'y&,  a.  village  of  Spain,  New 
Castile,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1979. 

Mingo,  ming'go,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton. 

Mingo  Flat)  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mingo  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0., 
3  miles  S.  of  Steubenville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mingrelia,  min-gree'le-4  (Fr.  MingHlie,  miH»^gri^- 
lee' ;  Qer.  Mingrelien,  min-grJ,'le-§n),  a  former  province, 
now  a  part  of  the  government  of  Kootais,  Russian  Trans- 
caucasia, between  the  Black  Sea  on  the  W.  and  the  Cau- 
casus on  the  N.  Area,  2365  square  miles.  Pop.  70,000. 
The  inhabitants  are  allied  in  blood  to  the  Georgians,  and 
belong  mostly  to  the  Greek  Church. 

Minho,  meen'yo  (Sp.  Miflo,  meen'yo  ;  anc.  Min'ius),  a 
river  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  rises  in  Galicia,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Santiago,  flows  E.,  S.,  and  W.,  latterly  bounding  Portu- 
gal on  the  N.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  near  Caminha,  62 
miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Douro,  after  a  course  of  130 
miles.     Affluents,  the  Sil,  Avia,  and  Tea. 

Minho,  or  Entre-Douro-e-Minho,  Sn'tri-dd'ro- 
d-meen'yo  {i.e.,  "  between  the  Douro  and  Minho"),  the  most 
northern  province  of  Portugal,  having  W.  the  Atlantic,  and 
N.  the  Minho.     Area,  2807  square  miles.     Pop.  973,332. 

Minieh,  or  Minyeh,  mee'ne-y§h,  a  town  of  Egypt, 
capital  of  a  province,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  136 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  earthenware  manu- 
factures, and  a  government  cotton-factory.     Pop.  11,000, 

Minier,  mi-neer',  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111., 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomington.     Pop.  in  1890,  664. 

Mi'ning  City,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  16  miles  from  Rockport  Station. 

Miu'ish,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  in  the 
Atlantic,  3  miles  W.  of  the  centre  of  Kilkerran  Bay. 

Minisink,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.     See  Greenville. 

Min-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Min. 

Min^neap'olis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ottawa  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Solomon  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  To- 
peka  &  Santa  F€  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Solomon  City.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank, 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  &o.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1756. 

Minneapolis,  the  first  city  of  Minnesota  in  popula- 
tion and  importance,  and  in  population  the  eighteenth  of 
the  United  States,  the  capital  of  Hennepin  co.,  is  situated 
on  both  banks  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
Anthony,  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  near  lat. 
44°  58'  N.  and  Ion.  93°  18'  W.  Its  invigorating  climate 
has  given  it  great  repute  as  a  health  resort.  The  winter 
in  this  region  is  cold,  but  clear,  the  average  summer  tem- 
perature is  below  70°  F.,  and  the  autumn  is  long.  Built 
upon  a  high  and  picturesque  table-land,  Minneapolis,  with 
an  area  of  54  square  miles,  is  laid  out  with  regularity,  and 
many  of  its  intersecting  streets  are  from  80  to  100  feet  in 
width.  The  river  is  spanned  by  9  highway  and  6  railroad 
bridges,  most  of  them  built  of  iron,  and  several  of  them 
great  works  of  engineering.  The  city  has  a  park  area  of 
1500  acres  (valued  at  more  than  $4,000,000),  including  22 
parks,  8  parkways  and  boulevards,  4  large  lakes,  and  the 
Falls  of  Minnehaha.  Natural  advantages,  liberally  de- 
veloped, are  making  Minneapolis  a  city  of  great  beauty. 
Here  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  non-sec- 
tarian, and  providing  free  tuition  and  equal  privileges 
for  both  sexes.  It  was  founded  in  1868,  and  has  8  colleges, 
with  (1894)  1800  students,  120  instructors,  a  large  library, 
buildings  which  cost  $870,000,  a  campus  of  46  acres,  and, 
connected  with  its  agricultural  college,  an  experimental 
farm  250  acres  in  extent.  Its  colleges  are  all  well  organ- 
ized and  conducted.  Here  is  also  Augsburg  Theological 
Seminary,  now  in  its  twenty-fifth  year,  and  just  without 
the  city  limits,  in  the  Midway  District,  are  Hamline  Uni- 
versity and  Macalester  College.  The  city  has  49  school 
buildings,  4  high  schools,  632  teachers,  and  about  30,000 
pupils.  There  are  also  many  private  and  parochial  schools. 
Besides  2  opera-houses  and  3  first-class  theatres,  Minne- 
apolis has  several  music  and  assembly  halls,  one,  that  of 
the  Exposition  Building,  with  a  seating  capacity  of  16,000. 
Among  the  admirable  structures  of  the  city  is  the  public 
library,  finished  in  1889  at  a  cost  of  $270,000,  containing 
60,000  volumes  and  commodious  reading-rooms.  In  this 
building  also  are  quartered  the  Society  of  Fine  Arts  and 
the  Academy  of  Science.  Other  great  buildings  are  the 
Syndicate  Block,  the  New  York  Life,  the  Lumber  Ex- 
change, the  West  Hotel,  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation, the  masonic  temple,  and  the  Guaranty  Loan 
building.  This  last,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,000  and 
covering  half  an  acre,  is  perhaps  the  finest  office-build- 


ing in  the  world.  These  all  are  constructed  of  varieties 
of  Minnesota  building-stone.  A  new  edifice  for  city  ball 
and  court-house  combined  is  now  being  erected,  the  oost 
of  which  when  completed,  including  the  site,  is  estimated 
at  about  $4,000,000.  This  city  has  extensive  water-,  gas-, 
and  electric-works.  Beautiful  suburbs  are  rapidly  spring- 
ing up  around  it.  Lake  Minnetonka,  but  7  miles  away, 
and  accessible  by  3  lines  of  railroad,  is  already  a  favorite 
summer  resort.  In  the  Midway  District,  common  to  both 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  though  mostly  belonging  to  the 
latter,  are  the  4  thriving  villages  of  Merriam  Park,  St. 
Anthony  Park,  Hamline,  and  Macalester.  By  its  electric- 
car  system,  complete  within  its  own  limits,  Minneapolis 
has  also  hourly  communication  with  St.  Paul.  Minne- 
apolis has  167  churches,  connected  with  which  are  many 
missions  and  benevolent  societies ;  7  private  and  2  public 
hospitals,  and  2  free  dispensaries;  philanthropic  institu- 
tions, among  which  are  the  Sheltering  Arms,  for  poor 
children,  the  Jones-Harrison  Home  for  aged  women,  the 
Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  and  the  Washburn  Home  for 
orphans,  all  liberally  endowed.  In  this  city  are  many 
associations  for  purposes  of  intellectual,  aesthetic,  moral, 
and  social  culture.  Here  are  published  63  periodicals, 
including  5  prominent  dailies,  about  12  leading  weeklies, 
and  several  valuable  semi-monthly  and  monthly  journals. 
Ten  weekly  newspapers  are  supported  by  Scandinavian  ? 
citizens.  With  its  magnificent  water-power,  Minneapolis  ^ 
now  ranks  sevSHrtTamohg  the  manuTaCtarrng  cities  of  the 
country.  In  flour  and  lumber  products  it  is  the  foremost 
city  of  the  world,  its  20  flour-mills  having  a  daily  capacity 
of  44,000  barrels.  Its  assessed  valuation,  based  upon  forty 
per  cent,  of  the  market  value  of  its  assessable  property,  is 
$138,000,000.  It  has  6  national  and  15  sUte  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $9,000,000.  Its  grain-elevator 
capacity  is  17,000,000  bushels;  yearly  flour  output,  $36,- 
000,000;  lumber  output,  $6,000,000;  savings  deposits, 
$5,000,000.  The  number  of  railroads  entering  the  city  is 
16.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,066,  or  including  St.  Anthony  (in- 
corporated with  Minneapolis  in  1873),  18,079;  in  1880, 
46,887 ;  in  1890,  164,738. 

Min^neha'ha,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Da- 
kota, borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  790  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sioux  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Sioux  Falls.  Pop. 
in  1870,  365;  in  1880,  8251;  in  1890,  21,879. 

Min^neis'ka,  a  small  river  of  Minnesota,  drains  the  S. 
part  of  Wabasha  co.  and  the  N.  part  of  Winona  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  village  of  Minnei^ka. 

Minneiska,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Minneiska  township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Minneiska  River,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Winona. 
Minneola,  Texas.    See  Mineola. 
Minneota,  Lyon  co.,  Minn.    See  Norland. 
Minnequa (min-ne-kwaw',  or  Minnequo )  Springs, 
a  post-office  and  summer  resort  in  Canton  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  41  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport,  and  36  miles  S.  of  Elmira.     It  is 
situated  in  a  glen,  among  high  hills,  and  has  a  large  hotel. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  which  contain  calcium,  sodium, 
manganese,  carbonic  acid,  boracic  acid,  silica,  Ac. 

Min^neso'ta,  a  state  of  the  American  Union,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
province  of  Manitoba,  Canada,  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Superior 
and  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  on  the  S.  by  Iowa,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  states  of  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota.  lU 
extreme  northern  limit  is  lat.  49°  N.  (except  that  there 
is  a  small  detached  area  N.W.  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woods, 
with  a  few  islands  in  that  lake,  lying  N.  of  that  par- 
allel), but  eastward  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  the  line 
ascends  Rainy  Lake  River  and  a  chain  of  small  lakes 
and  streams  to  Mountain  Lake,  whence  it  passes  by  a  very 
short  portage  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Arrow  River,  which 
stream  it  follows  to  Pigeon  River,  down  which  it  passes 
to  Pigeon  Bay,  Lake  Superior.  The  rivers  St.  Croix  and 
Mississippi  constitute  the  principal  portion  of  the  eastern 
line,  S.  of  the  point  where  it  leaves  Lake  Superior.  The 
southern  limit  is  lat.  43°  30'  N.  On  the  W.  it  has  the  Red 
River  of  the  North,  with  Lakes  Traverse  and  Big  Stone, 
southward  from  which  the  line  follows  the  meridian  of  97° 
W.     Area,  83,366  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Conspicuous  features  are  the  great 
marshes  of  the  N.E.,  covered  with  a  small  growth  of  tam- 
arack and  fir,  with  low,  parallel,  pjne-clad  ridges  of  dry 
land;  the  great  white-pine  belt,  which  covers  nearly  one- 
third  of  the  state,  chiefly  northeastward  of  the  Mississiijpi 
River,   and    extends    indefinitely   northward;    the  "Pig 


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Woods,"  a  strip  of  forest-land,  covered  with  oak,  elm,  maple, 
ash,  and  other  deciduous  trees,  running  southward  from 
Crow  Wing  River  to  within  about  60  miles  of  the  Iowa 
line, — this  tract  being  about  100  miles  long  and  40  wide, 
with  an  exceedingly  fertile  black  soil ;  the  productive  and 
beautiful  rolling  country  in  the  S.E. ;  the  great  undulating 

Srairies  of  the  S.  and  S.W.,  gradually  ascending  to  the 
r.W.  central  "Height  of  Land,"  or  Hauteur  des  Terres. 
From  the  utmost  source  of  the  Mississippi  (height,  1680 
feet)  the  country  falls  somewhat  rapidly  northward,  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods  being  only  977  feet  in  height,  and  the 
Red  River  at  St.  Vincent  only  792  feet.  Much  of  the  Red 
River  valley  is  apparently  a  dead  level.  The  most  remark- 
able ascent  in  the  state  is  from  Lake  Superior,  600  feet,  to 
the  orest  or  edge  of  its  surrounding  plateau  (1359  feet),  the 
ascent  of  759  feet  being  made  in  a  few  miles.  The  lowest 
point  on  the  Mississippi  has  an  elevation  of  660  feet. 

Hydrography. — A  remarkable  feature  of  Minnesota  is 
formed  by  its  myriads  of  clear  lakes,  varying  in  size  from 
a  few  acres  up  to  great  bodies  of  water  like  Leech,  Red, 
Mille  Lacs,  Cass,  Vermillion,  and  other  lakes,  some  of  them 
singly  covering  hundreds  of  square  miles.  The  lakes  are 
said  to  exceed  7000  in  number,  and  to  cover  more  than 
2,500,000  acres.  These  lakes  are  conspicuously  frequent 
along  the  divides  or  watersheds.  Of  these  the  Height  of 
Land,  where  the  head-streams  of  the  Mississippi  originate, 
has  an  elevation  of  1680  feet.  Lake  Itasca  is  the  recep- 
tacle of  these  parent  streams,  and  is  regarded  as  the  birth- 
place of  the  Mississippi.  The  northeastern  border  of  the 
state  is  in  the  St.  Lawrence  basin ;  the  N.  and  N.  W.  in  that 
of  Hudson's  Bay ;  the  extreme  S. W.  in  the  valley  of  the 
Missouri ;  and  many  of  its  lakes,  especially  westward,  have 
no  outlets ;  but  the  greater  part  of  the  state  is  in  the  proper 
valley  of  the  Upper  Mississippi.  Minnesota  is  therefore  a 
remarkable  hydrographic  centre.  The  principal  streams 
of  the  state  are  the  Mississippi,  and  its  tributaries,  direct 
or  indirect,  the  Crow  Wing,  Rum,  Crow,  St.  Croix,  Minne- 
sota, Mankato,  Elk,  ko. ;  the  St.  Louis  and  the  numerous 
other  afBuents  of  Lake  Superior;  the  Red  River,  with  its 
tributaries,  in  the  N.W. ;  the  Rainy  Lake  River,  with  its 
Big  and  Little  Forks,  and  other  aiSuents.  The  larger 
streams  of  those  just  named  are  all  navigable  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent  by  steamboats  at  high  water,  except  in 
winter;  and  the  lake-chains  and  swift  streams  of  the  N. 
are  the  principal  highways  of  that  lonely  region,  being 
traversed  by  hardy  voyageura  with  the  birch  canoe,  a  con- 
veyance which  in  winter  is  replaced  by  sledges  drawn  by 
dogs.  Many  of  the  streams  have  rapids  and  falls,  afford- 
ing abundant  water-power,  and  the  lakes  and  rivers  abound 
in  valuable  fishes. 

T?ie  Climate  in  winter  is  severe,  and  in  the  N.  is  in- 
tensely cold ;  but  it  is  everywhere  very  equable  when  com- 
pared with  that  of  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  It  is  a  matter 
of  frequent  remark  that  the  dry  and  steady  cold  of  Minne- 
sota is  much  more  endurable  than  that  of  a  New  England 
winter.  The  winters  throughout  most  of  the  state  are 
short,  and  spring  and  autumn  are  long  and  pleasant  sea- 
sons ;  but  at  Duluth  the  spring  is  usually  wet,  and  is  re- 
garded as  the  most  disagreeable  season  of  the  year.  The 
rainfall  seems  not  very  copious,  when  compared  with  that 
of  the  seaboard ;  but,  what  is  of  more  importance,  it  is  well 
distributed  throughout  the  year,  and  its  waters  are  well 
husbanded  in  the  numerous  lakes  of  the  state.  These  lakes 
are  believed  to  mitigate  the  frosts  of  the  late  spring  and 
early  autumn,  and  to  add  to  the  frequency  of  summer 
showers.  The  rapid  spread  of  the  wooded  area  since  the 
incoming  of  civilization  is  believed  to  exercise  a  favorable 
Influence  upon  the  rainfall  and  the  temperature.  The  ex- 
treme S.W.  of  the  state  is  somewhat  exposed  to  drought,  as 
well  as  to  the  ravages  of  the  grasshopper,  or  Rocky  Moun- 
tain locust  {Oaloptemis  spretus).  The  dry  air  and  even 
cemperature  of  Minnesota  have  given  it  a  wide  reputation 
as  a  sanitary  resort  for  persons  suflfering  from  pulmonary 
complaints. 

Geology. — In  the  N.B.  and  N.  the  prevalent  formation  is 
Laurentian,  but  the  strata  are  nearly  everywhere  deeply 
severed  with  drift,  often  heaped  in  long,  low  ridges,  with 
sphagnous  swamps  of  stunted  tamarack  between.  Along 
Lake  Superior  it  is  flanked  by  a  tract  of  Silurian  age  (here 
much  broken,  and  metamorphosed  by  dikes  of  igneous  rock). 
This  tract  passes  southward,  and  is  continuous  with  the  Si- 
lurian strata  of  Wisconsin  and  Iowa.  Another  strip  of  the 
Silurian  reaches  from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  south- 
eastward to  the  "  Big  Woods"  region.  The  remainder  of 
Minnesota  is  mostly  of  cretaceous  age,  save  that  in  the  S. 
there  is  a  small  tract  of  the  Devonian,  and  in  the  S.W. 
there  is  a  very  considerable  area  containing  azoic  rocks, 


conspicuous  among  which  are  the  interesting  Sioux  quarta- 
ite  and  the  red  pipestone.  Among  useful  minerals  we  may 
notice  iron  and  probably  other  valuable  ores  in  the  Lake 
Superior  country;  peat,  which  is  inexhaustible  in  some 
parts,  and  which  is  somewhat  utilized  in  places  where  other 
fuel  is  scarce ;  slate,  on  the  river  St.  Louis ;  granite,  gneiss, 
sandstone,  magnesian  limestone,  and  other  rock  suitable  for 
building-material.  The  Sioux  quartzite  is  a  rough  but  ex- 
ceedingly durable  stone.  The  Indians  formerly  used  the 
red  pipestone  in  fashioning  tobacco-pipes.  Lead  ores  have 
been  traced,  andpieces  of  copper  have  been  taken  from  the 
drift.  In  the  W.  the  state  owns  a  number  of  salt-bearing 
tracts  of  large  prospective  value. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Lake  Pepin  and  othei 
portions  of  the  Mississippi  are  bordered  by  wild  and  in- 
spiring scenery.  The  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  and  of  Minne- 
haha, the  Dalles  of  the  St.  Louis  and  St.  Croix  Rivers,  and 
the  great  Indian  pipestone-quarry,  which  was  regarded  as 
a  common  sanctuary  by  the  Indians,  who  long  concealed  its 
place  from  the  white  man,  are  noted  objects  of  interest. 
The  northern  forests  and  the  remoter  prairies  aflFord  deer, 
raccoons,  bears,  and  much  furred  and  feathered  game,  and 
the  beautiful  lakes  and  streams  are  the  abode  of  trout,  pike, 
pike-perch,  and  other  valuable  fishes. 

Vegetation. — Some  notice  is  given  above  of  the  great 
extent  of  forests  of  Minnesota,  but  the  southwestern  and 
western  parts  of  the  state  are  in  general  but  scantily  wooded. 
This  fact  has  already  greatly  assisted  in  the  rapid  develop- 
ment of  agriculture,  the  wooded  tracts  supplying,  at  low 
prices,  abundance  of  timber  and  fuel  for  the  rest  of  the 
state.  The  authorities  have  also  given  generous  bounties 
to  encourage  arboriculture,  and  the  area  of  comparatively 
treeless  land  is  rapidly  becoming  less.  Among  Uie  native 
fruits  are  crab-apples,  cranberries,  strawberries,  service  and 
bufiFalo  berries,  plums,  and  grapes.  The  Indians  formerly 
subsisted  to  a  large  degree  upon  the  seed  of  an  interesting 
and  abundant  native  cereal,  the  Zizania  aquatica,  or  wild 
rice,  the  straw  of  which  is  now  employed  as  a  paper-stock. 

Agricultural  Resources. — The  capacities  of  Minnesota  as 
a  wheat-producing  state  are  prodigious.  Spring  wheat 
succeeds  best  here  ;  and  since  the  introduction  of  the  recent 
new  processes  of  milling  and  bolting,  the  spring  wheat  of 
Minnesota  has  commanded  the  highest  market  prices,  and 
haa  produced  a  greater  percentage  of  flour  than  any  winter 
wheat  will  give,  the  best  grades  heading  the  list  of  high- 
priced  flours,  both  in  Eastern  and  Western  markets.  Of  late 
the  California  system  of  extensive  wheat-ranches  has  been 
imitated  here  to  some  extent,  with  promising  results.  The 
northwest,  even  as  far  as  the  Manitoba  line,  is  a  fine  wheat- 
country,  and  most  parts  of  the  state  are  very  fruitful  of 
maize.  The  other  principal  crops  are  potatoes  (here  of 
peculiar  excellence),  oats  (which,  unlike  most  of  the  oats 
of  the  United  States,  are  well  adapted  for  the  production 
of  oat-meal  for  human  food),  barley,  hops,  flaxseed,  and 
hay.  Cattle,  horses,  swine,  and  wool  are  largely  shipped  to 
the  seaboard ;  and  the  slaughter  and  packing  of  pork  is  an 
important  industry.  Hardy  varieties  of  the  apple  are  cul- 
tivated in  the  state,  which  is  already  becoming  a  fruit- 
growing region.  The  northeastern  marshes  might  readily 
be  adapted  to  cranberry-culture.  Wool-growing  is  an  in- 
dustry for  which  the  southwest  is  believed  to  be  especially 
adapted.  Maple  sugar  is  one  of  the  important  products  of 
the  state. 

Manufactures. — The  presence  of  practically  unlimited 
water-power  in  a  state  abounding  in  dense  forests  of  the 
most  valuable  timber  trees  and  producing  great  quantities 
of  grain  and  wool,  and  peopled  with  energetic  and  intelli- 
gent inhabitants,  has  insured  the  rapid  growth  of  its  manu- 
facturing interests.  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Stillwater,  <fcc., 
are  seats  of  active  and  varied  industrial  enterprises;  but 
the  production  of  flour  and  other  mill-products,  lumber, 
wooden-ware,  carriages,  furniture,  and  cooperage  takes  the 
lead,  and  assumes  very  large  proportions ;  boots,  shoes, 
lime,  bricks,  saddlery,  leather,  and  woollens  are  also  pro- 
duced to  no  small  amount  in  the  aggregate. 

Commerce,  &c. — Situated,  as  she  is,  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation of  the  great  Mississippi  River  system,  which  places 
her  in  communication  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  at  the 
extremity  of  the  chain  of  Great  Lakes,  which,  with  the  St. 
Lawrence  River,  constitutes  a  water  highway  to  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  Minnesota  has  a  favored  position  for  shipping  her 
products  to  both  home  and  foreign  markets.  An  extensive 
network  of  railways  also  furnishes  facility  for  a  more  rapid 
method  of  transportation. 

Railroads. — In  1862  the  state  had '10  miles  of  railroad; 
in  1863,  31  miles;  in  1865,  213  miles;  in  1870,  1092  miles; 
in  1890,  5545  miles ;    built  at  an   average  cost  of  about 


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$53,000  per  mile.  Three  of  the  railroads  cross  the  state 
from  E,  to  W.,  and  connecting  lines  run  direct  from  the  ex- 
treme S.E.  to  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  state.  Numerous 
minor  lines  connect  all  the  leading  towns  with  one  another. 

Finances. — In  1858  a  railroad  debt  of  $2,275,000  was 
contracted  in  aid  of  the  construction  of  certain  railroads  ; 
but,  as  these  enterprises  all  fell  through,  the  state  refused 
to  pay  these  bonds.  The  state  debt  in  1890  was  $4,.365,000, 
made  up  of  $3,965,000  in  railroad  adjustment  bonds,  with 
interest  at  4J  per  cent.,  and  $400,000  in  4  per  cent,  revenue 
and  building  bonds.  AH  these  bonds  except  $1,686,000  are 
held  by  the  permanent  school  fund  and  other  trust  funds. 

Education. — The  receipts  from  the  permanent  school  fund 
in  1890  amounted  to  $862,048.  The  receipts  from  state 
and  local  taxation  were  $2,749,135,  and  from  miscellaneous 
sources  $812,167.  These  sums  constituted  the  available  sup- 
port for  the  public  schools  of  various  grades.  There  are  state, 
county,  and  town  superintendents,  high  and  graded  schools 
in  the  principal  towns,  normal  schools  at  Winona,  Man- 
kato,  Moorhead,  and  St.  Cloud,  and  normal  courses  in  other 
schools.  There  is  a  state  university  at  Minneapolis,  with 
aflSliated  colleges  of  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts,  and  a 
number  of  elective  courses  of  study.  The  university  is  open 
to  youth  of  either  sex.  Other  collegiate  institutions  are 
Carleton  College,  Northfield ;  St.  John's  College,  St.  Joseph ; 
and  Agassiz  College,  Red  Wing.  There  are  also  a  good  num- 
ber of  private,  parochial,  professional,  Indian  mission,  and 
other  schools.  Among  the  public  institutions  are  a  peni- 
tentiary at  Stillwater  and  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb, 
and  blind  at  Faribault.  One-eighteenth  of  the  entire  pub- 
lic domain  of  the  state  has  been  set  apart  as  school  land. 
From  the  sales  of  this  land  and  its  timber  the  permanent 
school  fund  has  been  derived,  and  it  is  believed  that  not 
less  than  $15,000,000  in  permanent  funds  will  be  derived 
from  this  source. 

The  Counties  number  80,  as  follows:  Aitkin,  Anoka, 
Becker,  Beltrami,  Benton,  Big  Stone,  Blue  Earth,  Brown, 
Carlton,  Carver,  Cass,  Chippewa,  Chisago,  Clay,  Cook,  Cot- 
tonwood, Crow  Wing,  Dakota,  Dodge,  Douglas,  Faribault, 
Fillmore,  Freeborn,  Goodhue,  Grant,  Hennepin,  Houston, 
Hubbard,  Isanti,  Itasca,  Jackson,  Kanabec,  Kandiyohi, 
Kittson,  Lao  Qui  Parle,  Lake,  Le  Sueur,  Lincoln,  Lyon, 
McLeod,  Marshall,  Martin,  Meeker,  Mille  Lacs,  Morrison, 
Mower,  Murray,  Nicollet,  Nobles,  Norman,  Olmsted,  Otter 
Tail,  Pine,  Pipe  Stone,  Polk,  Pope,  Ramsey,  Redwood,  Ren- 
ville, Rice,  Rock,  St.  Louis,  Scott,  Sherburne,  Sibley,  Stearns, 
Steele,  Stevens,  Swift,  Todd,  Traverse,  Wabasha,  Wadena, 
Waseca,  Washington,  Watonwan,  Wilkin,  Winona,  Wright, 
and  Yellow  Medicine. 

The  principal  cities  are  Minneapolis  (pop.  in  1890,  164,- 
738),  and  St.  Paul,  the  capital  (133,156),  forming  together 
the  greatest  centre  in  the  world  for  the  manufacture  of 
flour;  Duluth  (33,115),  with  a  remarkably  advantageous 
commercial  position  and  a  fine  harbor;  Winona  (18,208), 
Stillwater  (11,260),  Mankato  (8838),  St.  Cloud  (7686),  Fari- 
bault (6520),  Red  Wing  (6294),  Brainerd  (5703),  Rochester 
(5321),  Anoka  (4252),  Austin  (3901),  Owatonna  (3849), 
Fergus  Falls  (3772),  New  Ulm  (3741),  Hastings  (3705), 
St.  Peter  (3671),  Crookston  (3457),  Ac. 

The  constitution  was  adopted  in  1857.  The  governor  is 
chosen  for  the  term  of  2  years.  Judges  are  elected  and 
serve  for  fixed  terms.  The  legislature  meets  biennially,  and 
can  sit  but  60  days.  Voters  must  have  lived  in  the  United 
States  one  year,  and  in  the  state  four  months.  The  state  has 
seven  representatives  in  Congress,  and  nine  electoral  votes. 

History. — That  part  of  Minnesota  E.  of  the  Mississippi 
River  was  a  portion  of  the  original  domain  of  the  United 
States,  and  has  belonged  successively  to  the  Northwest  Ter- 
ritory, and  to  the  territories  of  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan, 
Wisconsin,  and  Minnesota.  That  part  W.  of  the  Mississippi 
was  included  in  the  Louisiana  purchase  from  France,  and 
has  belonged  in  turn  to  the  District  of  Louisiana,  and  to 
the  territories  of  Louisiana,  Missouri,  Michigan,  Wisconsin, 
Iowa,  and  Minnesota.  Northern  Minnesota  anciently  was 
the  abode  of  the  Chippeway  Indians,  and  the  rest  was  pos- 
sessed by  bands  of  Sioux.  These  tribes  were  of  diverse 
stock,  and  were  deadly  enemies  of  each  other.  Fort  Snel- 
ling  was  permanently  garrisoned  by  United  States  troops  in 
1819,  and  a  portion  of  Lord  Selkirk's  Pembina  colony  early 
settled  in  the  extreme  N.W.,  believing  it  to  be  British  ter- 
ritory. Part  of  the  S.E.  section  of  the  state  was  for  a  short 
time  a  part  of  the  state  of  Iowa.  In  1849  the  territory  of 
Minnesota  was  organized  with  nearly  twice  its  present 
area.  In  1853  the  state  was  admitted  to  the  Union  with 
its  present  limits ;  but  the  W.  portion  remained  Minnesota 
Territory  until  1861,  when  it  was  merged  into  the  new  ter- 
itory  of  Dakota.     During  the  war  of  1861-65  the  Indiana 


committed  atrocious  massacres,  but  were  thoroughly  sub- 
dued by  the  United  States  troops.  The  Dakotas  were  then  re- 
moved from  the  state,  and  the  Cbippeways  were  placed  upon 
reservations  in  the  remote  North.  The  part  borne  by  Min- 
nesota in  the  war  against  secession  was  highly  creditable  to 
her  people,  and  upon  the  return  of  peace  she  entered  upon 
a  career  of  conspicuous  prosperity. 

The  population  in  1850  was  6077;  in  1860,  172,023;  in 
1870,  439,706;  in  1880,  780,773.  The  population  in  1885 
(state  census)  was  1,118,486,  and  in  1890,  1,301,826,  show- 
ing a  gain  during  the  decade  of  66.74  per  cent.  There 
were  in  1890  6263  Indians  on  reservations  at  White  Earth, 
Red  Lake,  and  Leech  Lake.  The  people  of  Minnesota  have 
very  generally  emigrated  from  the  Northern  States,  and  of 
people  of  European  birth  the  Swedes,  Norwegians,  and 
Germans  predominate,  some  Danes  and  a  few  Finns  and 
Lapps  having  also  settled  within  the  state. 

Minnesota)  a  mining-camp  of- Sierra  oo.,  Cal.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Nevada  City.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Minnesota  City^  a  post- village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn., 
on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  and  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroads, 

6  miles  N.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  chorch  and  2  large 
flouring-mills. 

Minnesota  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Tellow  Medicine 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Minne- 
sota River,  and  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota  Railroad,  68 
miles  W.  of  Glencoe.  It  baa  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  and  lumber.  Pop. 
about  250 ;  of  township,  271. 

Minnesota  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Orove 
township.  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Watertown,  and  7  miles  E.  of 
Beaver  Dam.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Minnesota  Liake,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co., 
Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  30  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Mankato. 

Minnesota  River  (formerly  called  Saint  Peter's) 
issues  from  Big  Stone  Lake,  on  the  boundary  between 
South  Dakota  and  Big  Stone  oo.,  Minn.  It  forms  the 
S.W.  boundaries  of  Chippewa  and  Renville  cos.,  Minn.,  and 
runs  nearly  southeastward  to  the  town  of  Mankato,  where 
it  abruptly  bends  towards  the  north.  Below  Belle  Plaine  it 
runs  northeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
COS.  of  Scott  and  Dakota  on  the  right,  and  Carver  and  Hen- 
nepin on  the  left,  until  it  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about 

7  miles  above  St.  Paul.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  425  miles. 
Small  steamboats  can  ascend  about  50  miles  from  its  mouth 
during  high  water.  It  traverses  a  fertile,  undulating  coun- 
try, diversified  with  prairies  and  small  lakes. 

Min^neton'ka,  a  post-village  in  Minnetonka  township, 
Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  about  2  miles  E.  of  the  lake  of  the 
same  name,  at  St.  Alban's  Station  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  735. 

Minnetonka  liake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Hennepin  oo., 
about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  nearly  15 
miles  long,  has  a  very  irregular  or  diversified  shape,  and 
presents  an  admirable  labyrinth  of  islands,  promontoriea, 
and  sinuous  shores.     It  is  an  attractive  summer  resort. 

Min^netris'ta,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin  CO.,  Minn., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Minnetonka  Lake.     Pop.  705. 

Minnewaska,  min^nee-wis'ki,  a  popular  summer  re- 
sort of  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New 
Paltz.     Here  are  2  hotels  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Minnewaukan,  min'ne-waw-k4n,  sometimes  errone- 
ously spelled  Minnewaakon,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Benson  co.,  N.D.,  56  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Carrington.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grain-elevator,  and  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Minni  Wakan,  min'nee  wi-k&n',  a  name  formerly  ap- 
plied to  Devils  Lake,  in  North  Dakota,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  state.  This  lake  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Benson  and  Ramsey  cos.  Length,  aboat  40  miles ;  greatest 
width,  nearly  12  miles,  with  no  visible  outlet.  The  water 
is  saline.    Its  surfiuse  is  1467  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Minnon,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Mbbnab. 

Min^no'ra,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va. 

Miiio,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Mimho. 

Minong,  m^nSng',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Isle  Royale 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  island  of  Isle  Royale,  in  Lake  Superior, 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Houghton.     Here  is  a  copper-mine. 

Minoa,  the  ancient  name  of  Moneuvasia. 

Miuonk)  mi-niink',  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  111., 


MIN 


1846 


MIQ 


at  the  junction  of  2  railroads,  29  miles  N.  of  Bloomington, 
and  118  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  Coal  is  mined  here.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  8  churches,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2316 ;  of  the  township,  3398. 

Minoo'ka^  a  post-village  in  Aux  Sable  township, 
Grundy  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  10  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Joliet,  and  about  24  miles  S, 
of  Aurora.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank- 
ing-house.    Pop.  about  500. 

Minooka,  a  village  in  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &,  Susquehanna  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton. 
It  has  4  coal-breakers  and  a  Catholic  church. 

Minorca^  min-or'ka  (L.  Balea'ris  Mi'nor  and  Min- 
or'ca;  Sp.  Menorca,  mi-noE'ki;  Fr.  Minorque,  mee^noRk' ; 
Dutch,  Minorka,  me-noR'ki;  named  from  its  being  the 
"  smaller"  (in  Latin,  minor)  of  the  two  principal  Balearic 
Islands.  In  like  manner  Majorca  derives  its  name  from 
the  Latin  major,  "greater"),  an  island  in  the  Mediterra- 
nean, belonging  to  Spain ;  between  lat.  39°  47'  and  40°  4' 
45"  N.,  Ion.  3° 48' and  4°  20'  E.;  length,  35  miles;  average 
breadth,  about  10  miles;  area,  335  square  miles.  The  coast 
is  very  much  indented  on  all  sides  except  the  S.,  and  gen- 
erally presents  a  succession  of  bold  headlands  enclosing 
small  creeks  and  bays.  Of  these  the  best  and  most  fre- 
quented is  Port  Mahon,  the  capital  of  the  island.  The 
surface  rises  from  all  sides  towards  the  centre,  where  it 
becomes  mountainous,  attaining,  in  Mount  El  Toro,  the 
height  of  about  5000  feet.  The  soil  is  not  generally  fer- 
tile, but  in  good  seasons  the  wheat  and  barley  grown  are 
equal  to  the  consumption.  The  other  principal  products 
are  oil,  wine,  hemp,  flax,  oranges,  and  lemons.  Iron, 
copper,  and  lead  are  found  in  abundance,  and  superior 
marble,  porphyry,  and  alabaster  exist  in  several  districts. 
The  first  possessors  of  Minorca  were  the  Carthaginians,  who 
drew  from  it,  in  common  M'ith  the  other  islands  of  the  Ba- 
leares,  a  number  of  excellent  slingers,  who  distinguished 
themselves  during  Hannibal's  wars  in  Italy.  It  afterwards 
passed  successively  into  the  hands  of  the  Romans,  the  Van- 
dals, and  the  Moors.  The  last  were  expelled  in  1285  by  the 
Spaniards.  During  the  greater  part  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury it  belonged  to  the  British,  who  finally  ceded  it  to  Spain 
at  the  peace  of  Amiens.  For  administrative  purposes  it  is 
divided  into  the  four  districts  of  Mahon,  Alayor,  Mercadal, 
and  Ciudadela.     Pop.  39,005. 

Minori,  me-no'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Salerno,  nesir  the  Gulf  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3263. 

Mi'nortown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Waterbury.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Minot)  mi'not,  a  post-village  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me., 
in  Minot  township,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  several  churches.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central 
Railroad,  and  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mechanic 
Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1569. 

Minot,  a  city  of  North  Dakota,  the  capital  of  Ward  co., 
on  the  Mouse  River,  and  on  2  railways,  206  miles  W.  of 
Grand  Forks.  It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
creamery,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
about  1500. 

Minot's  Ledge,  or  Cohas'set  Rocks,  Massachu- 
setts Bay,  an  extensive  reef  oflF  Cohasset  Bay,  about  16 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Boston.     Here  is  a  fixed  light  66  feet  high. 

Minow  (mee'now)  Islands,  a  group  of  East  Africa,  in 
Mozambique  Channel,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  (N.  point)  12°  49'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  48°  39'  E.  They  are 
about  27  in  number,  and,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three 
which  are  low  and  of  coral  formation,  are  lofty  and  precipi- 
tous, presenting  ranges  of  basaltic  columns. 

Minpooree,  Myupooree,  or  Mainpnri,  min-poo'- 
ree,  a  district  of  India,  Agra  division,  North-West  Prov- 
inces (lat.  26°  54'-27°  50'  N.,  Ion.  78°  30'-79°  30'  E.), 
bounded  S.W.  by  the  Jumna.  It  is  a  fertile  plain.  Area, 
1696  square  miles.     Capital,  Minpooree.     Pop.  765,845. 

Minpooree,  Mynpooree,  or  Mainpnri,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  Mynpooree  district,  72  miles  E.  of  Agra. 
Pop.  21,179. 

Minsh,  or  Minch,  mintch  ("Stormy  Sea"),  the  broad 
strait  which  separates  the  5sland  of  Lewis,  Hebrides,  from 
the  W.  coast  of  Scotland.  Mean  breadth,  about  35  miles. 
A  contraction  of  this  sound,  to  the  S.S.W.,  is  called  the 
Little  Minsh,  and  separates  the  middle  portion  of  the  Outer 
Hebrides  from  the  island  of  Skye. 

Min-Shan,  or  Min-Chan,  min-  (or  meen-)  shin,  or 
Kieoo-Ting-Shan,  ke-6-oo' -ting' -shin',  i.e.,  "moun- 
tain with  nine  lofty  summits,"  a  mountain  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Se-Chuen,  in  lat.  31°  34'  N.,  Ion.  103°  E.  It  is 
eovered  with  perpetual  snow. 


Minsk,  minsk,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat. 
51°  12'  and  55°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  25°  10'  and  30°  45'  E. 
Area,  34,716  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  1,182,230,  of 
whom  about  100,000  were  Jews  and  40,000  of  Tartar  de- 
scent. Surface  level,  marshy,  and  for  the  most  part  inun- 
dated in  the  spring;  principal  rivers,  the  Pripets  and 
Dnieper,  with  their  affluents,  the  Beresina,  Pechiza,  <&c. ; 
and  it  is  partially  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  the  W.  by  the 
DUna  and  the  Niemen.  More  grain  (chiefly  rye)  is  raised 
than  is  required  for  home  consumption ;  hemp,  flax,  potash, 
and  tar  are  other  important  products.  Forests  very  exten- 
sive, and,  next  to  agriculture,  the  people  are  mostly  occu- 
pied in  sawing  and  trading  in  timber.  Linen- weaving  and 
distilling  are  actively  carried  on.  Principal  towns,  Minsk, 
Bobruisk,  and  Slootsk. 

Minsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, situated  on  an  affluent  of  the  Beresina,  at  a  railway 
junction,  430  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  54,307, 
among  whom  are  many  Jews.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood, 
but  has  some  handsome  stone  edifices,  several  Greek  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  syna^gogue,  a  theological  semi- 
nary, and  a  large  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  leather.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop,  and 
of  Roman  Catholic  and  United  Greek  bishops. 

Min'ster,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  the  Miami  Canal,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Piqua,  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  public  halls, 
2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  3  brick-yards,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  a  tile-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1126. 

Mintao,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Mintow. 

Min'ter,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selnut 
St  Gulf  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Minter  City,  a  post-office  of  Leflore  oo..  Miss. 

Mint  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  oo..  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Chamois  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mint  Hill,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.     See  Clear  Creek. 

Mint'law,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  at  a 
railway  junction,  28  miles  N.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  413. 

Min'to,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Roxburgh,  with  a 
village  on  the  Teviot,  b\  miles  N.E.  of  Hawick. 

Min'to  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  forms,  with  Bedford 
and  Melbourne  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Dangerous  Archi- 
pelago, and  was  discovered  by  Lord  £.  Russell  in  1837.  Lat. 
21°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  136°  32'  W. 

Min'ton,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  20  miles  E.  of 
Albany. 

Min'tonsville,  township.  Gates  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1183. 

Min'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  64  miles 
S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Min'tow,  or  Mintao,  min-tdw,  written  also  Miuto 
and  Muntock,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Banca,  Malay 
Archipelago,  near  its  W.  coast. 

Min'turn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  113  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  a  steam  mill  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Minturn,  a  station  in  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Visalia 
division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Fresno. 

Minucciano,  me-noot-ch&'no,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy. 
27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  2250. 

Minudie,  mee-noo-dee',  a  post-village  in  Cumberland 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Amherst.     Pop.  600. 

Minussinsk,  mee-nils-sinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Yeniseisk,  on  the  Yenisei  River,  about  200  miles 
S.  of  Yeniseisk.     Pop.  4434. 

Minyeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Minieh. 

Mioglia,  me-ol'y4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  S,  of  Acqui.     Pop.  1018. 

Mios,  me-os',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Bordeaux,  on  the  Leyre.     Pop.  1000. 

Miosen,  or  DJ^dsen,  me-o'z^n,  the  largest  lake  ot 
Norway,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Christiania.  Length,  55  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  12  miles.  It  receives  the  Lougen  River, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  S.  by  the  Wormen  into  the 
Glommen. 

Mios-Vand,  mee'os-vind,  a  lake  of  Norway,  in  the 
Fillefield,  at  the  N.  foot  of  the  lofty  Mount  Grindaden,  in 
the  S.W.  province  of  Christiania.  Length,  about  24  miles; 
breadth,  not  more  than  1  mile. 

Mipibu,  me-pe-boo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  on  Lake  Papari,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Natal, 
and  20  miles  from  the  sea.     Pop.  2000. 

Miquelon,  mik'eh-lon',  or  more  properly  mee'k^h- 
16no',  two  united  islands  ofi"  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
forming,  with  the  adjacent  island  of  St.  Pierre,  a  colony 
belonging  to  France,  with  an  area  of  85  square  miies. 
Great  Miquelon  is  in  lat.  47°  4'  N.,  Ion.  66°  20'  W..  and 


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1847 


MIR 


immediately  S.  of  it  is  Little  Miquelon,  or  Langlet  Island 
(which  see).  Fishing  is  almost  the  sole  ocoupation  of  its 
inhabitants.     See  Saint  Pierre. 

Mira,  mee'ri,  a  river  of  South  America,  republic  of 
Ecuador,  rising  in  the  Andes,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the 
Pacific  by  several  mouths  near  lat.  1°  36'  N. 

Mira,  mee'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  W.  of  Venice,  on 
the  Brenta  Morta.     Pop.  8837. 

JUira^  mee'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
near  the  Atlantic,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  6002. 

Mira,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  near  the 
source  of  the  river  Mira,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Quito. 

Mira,  mee'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1152. 

Mirabel y  mee^ri^bfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montauban. 

Mirabel  aux  Baronnies,  mee^ri^bdl'  5  bi^ron^nee', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Dr&me,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nyons. 

Mirabel  la,  me-ri-b§rii,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  5979. 

Mirabella,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Catania,  8 
miles  jSr.N.E.  of  Caltagirone.     Pop.  3543. 

Mirabello,  me-ri-bSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Casale.     Pop.  3055. 

Mirabello,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of  Pavia. 
Here  the  battle  of  Pavia  was  fought  in  1525,  when  the 
French  king,  Francis  I.,  was  taken  prisoner.  Pop.  of 
commune,  1765. 

Mirabello,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  3  miles  S.  of 
Campobasso.     Pop.  2605. 

Mirabile,me-rib'e-le,  a  post-village  in  Mirabile  town- 
ship, Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  3  stores.  Pop.  140  ;  of  the 
township,  931. 

Miracle  (mir'a-k'l)  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  13  miles  E.  of  Burton.     It  has  a  church. 

Mi'ra  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co..  Neb. 

Miradoux,  meVa^doo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1562. 

Miraflores,  me-ri-flo'res,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1664. 

Miraflores,  me-ri-flo'r5s,  a  village  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  and  100  miles  S.E.  of  Salta,  on  the 
Salado. 

Miraflores,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Sana. 

Mi'ra  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Mirage,  me-razh',  a  station  in  Elbert  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  115  miles  E.S.E.  of  Denver. 

Mirage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kearney  co..  Neb.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Kearney  .Junction. 

Mirage,  a  station  in  Churchill  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Wadsworth. 

Miragoane,  mee^Ri^gwin',  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Bay  of  Gonaives.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has  a 
good  harbor  and  a  mineral  spring,  and  ships  logweod,  coffee, 
honey,  and  lemons. 

Mi'ra  Gut,  or  Mi'ra  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape 
Breton  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Mira  River  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  7  miles  from  Albert  Bridge.     Pop.  200. 

Mirambeau,  mee^r6M^b5',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inferieure,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  586. 

Miramichi,  mlr^a-m^-shee',  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  New  Brunswick,  lat.  47°  5'  N.,  Ion.  64°  53'  W.,  being 
the  estuary  of  the  Miramichi  River.  Opposite  the  month 
of  the  bay  are  Fox  and  Passage  Islands. 

Miramichi,  a  river  of  New  Brunswick,  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  province,  its  total  length  being  220  miles, 
and  its  mouth  9  miles  in  width,  the  tide  flowing  40  miles. 
The  lands  on  either  side  are  fertile.  Nelson,  Newcastle, 
Douglas,  and  Chatham  are  the  principal  villages  and  towns 
on  the  river.  The  river  is  navigable  for  large-sized  ships 
2  miles  above  Newcastle,  for  small  schooners  20  to  25  miles, 
and  for  canoes  40  to  50  miles  farther.  The  branches  of  the 
Miramichi  are  celebrated  for  their  splendid  salmon  and 
trout.  A  fish-breeding  establishment  on  Stewart's  Brook, 
one  of  its  tributaries,  has  been  constructed  by  the  govern- 
ment. The  Miramichi  itself  abounds  with  salmon,  stur- 
geon, codfish,  mackerel,  herring,  bass,  shad,  alewives,  trout, 
eels,  smelts,  lobsters,  and  oysters.  The  Miramichi  is  fed 
by  a  large  number  of  tributaries,  ranging  from  18  to  100 
miles  in  length.  The  southwest  or  main  branch  of  the  Mir- 
amichi takes  its  source  in  a  lake  a  short  distance  from  the 
Tobique.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  its  source  are  three 
or  four  lakes,  and  about  90  miles  from  its  head  it  becomes 
considerably  expanded  in  consequence  of  the  number  of 
small  rivulets  flowing  into  it.  The  northwest  branch  joins 
♦Ue  main  river  about  35  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  rises  in 


highlands  bordering  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Nepisiquit,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  short  portage  leading  to  the 
Falls,  and  runs  over  a  calcareous  and  rather  rocky  forina- 
tion.  It  is  90  miles  in  length,  and  receives  in  its  course 
several  large  tributaries.  Most  of  these  rivers  proceed 
from  lakes,  and  are  navigable  for  canoes  during  the  sum- 
mer months.  The  tide  flows  up  the  Northwest  Miramichi 
16  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  15  feet  draught  for 
3  miles  of  this  distance,  for  schooners  of  60  or  70  tons  for  3 
miles  farther,  and  for  canoes  to  its  source. 

Miramichi,  a  town  of  New  Brunswick.  See  New- 
castle. 

Miramont,  mee*ri^m6N"',  a  village  of  France,  Hante- 
Garonne,  arrondissement  of  Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1650. 

Miramont,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Lot~et-Ga- 
ronne,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1416. 

Miran'da,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Miran'da,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  4 
miles  from  Saint-Armand.     Pop.  200. 

Miranda  de  Arga,  me-r&n'di  di  an'gi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Navarre,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1493. 

Miranda  del  Castanar,  me-rin'di  ddl  kis-ti-nan', 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sala- 
manca.    Pop.  1559. 

Miranda  del  Ebro,  me-rin'di  di\  i'bro,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Ebro. 
Pop.  2848.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  a  custom-house 
on  the  Castilian  frontier. 

Miranda  do  Corvo,  me-rin'di  do  koR'vo,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  5252. 

Miranda  do  Douro,  me-rin'di  do  doo'ro  (anc.  Con- 
tiumf),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  close  to  th* 
Spanish  frontier,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Braganpa.     Pop.  914. 

Mirande,  mee^r6Nd'  (L.  Miran'da),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Gers,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Auch,  on  the  Baise.  Pop.  3230. 
It  has  remains  of  old  fortifications. 

Mirandella,  me-rin-dfil'li  (anc.  Caladu'numf),  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  Tua,  36  miles  S.W. 
of  Braganca.     Pop. 1890. 

Mirandella,  me-ric-dSl'li,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
170  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Miraudol,  mee^rftNo^dol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
16  miles  N.  of  Alby,  on  the  Viaur. 

Mirandola,  me-rin'do-li,  a  fortified  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  of  Modena,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Modena. 
Pop.  13,170.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  a 
cathedral,  a  hospital,  and  a  palace,  long  occupied  by  the 
sovereign  when  Mirandola  was  the  capital  of  an  independ- 
ent duchy. 

Mirano,  me-ri'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Padua,  on  the  Musone,  at  the  origin  of  the  Canal 
of  Mirano.     Pop.  7393. 

Mirapicis,  the  Latin  name  of  Mirepoix. 

Miravet,  me-ri-vfit',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  .'iO 
miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1797. 

Mire,  meeR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- Loire, 
about  7  miles  from  Tours,  famous  for  the  great  battle  fought 
in  731,  when  Charles  Martel  defeated  the  Saracens. 

Mirebalais,  or  Le  Mirebalais,  l^h  mecR'biMi',  a 
town  of  Hayti,  on  the  Artibonite,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port- 
au-Prince. 

Mirebalois,  or  Mirebalais,  mecR'biMi',  an  old 
division  of  France,  now  comprised  in  the  department  of 
Vienne,  and  named  after  its  chief  town,  Mirebeau. 

Mirebeau,  mee^r^h-bo'  or  mecR^bo'  (L.  Mirebel' Um)^ 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vienne,  16  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Poitiers.     Pop.  2461. 

Mirebeau,  a  market-town  of  France,  department  of 
C&te-d'Or,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1229. 

Mirecourt,  mee^r§b-kooR'  or  meeR^kooR'  (L.  Mireeur- 
tium),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Epinal.  Pop.  5169.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce and  a  communal  college,  and  is  noted  for  manu> 
factures  of  violins,  guitars,  barrel-organs,  and  other  musical 
instruments. 

Mirefleur,  meeV^h-fluR'  or  meeB^floR',  a  market-town 
of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  near  the  river  Allier,  9  mile« 
S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1226. 

Miremont,  mee^r^h-mfts"'  or  meeR^m6N"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Muret. 

Miremont,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dfime,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1411. 

Mirepoix,  mee^r^h-pwi'  or  meeR^pwi'  (L.  Mirapieu), 
a  town  of  France,  on  the  Lers,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pamiers. 
Pop.  3122.  It  has  a  large  hospital,  a  town  hall,  and  manu- 
factories of  coarse  woollens  and  cottons. 

Mir'field,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  YorR. 


MIR 


1848 


MIS 


West  Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  Lancashire  &  York- 
shire Railway,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Huddersfield. 

Mir^gaiy'  Harkhanli,  har-Kin'lee,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  of  Sarun,  10  miles  N.  of  Aligunge.    Pop.  4087. 

Mirgorod,  meeR-go-rod',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  50  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  the  Khorol.  It  is 
the  chief  seat  of  the  eoolesiastioal  authorities  of  the  gov- 
ernment, contains  3  churches,  and,  besides  carrying  on  an 
important  general  trade,  has  4  yearly  markets.     Pop.  7485. 

Miribel,  mee^ree^biU'  (L.  Miribel'lum),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ain,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Tr6voux.     Pop.  2364. 

Miribel,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ishre,  arrondissement 
•f  Grenoble.     Pop.  of  commune,  2167. 

Mirickville,  Massachusetts.    See  Myrickvillb. 

Mirim,  me-reeM»',  a  lake  of  South  America,  between 
Brazil  and  Uruguay.  Lat.  33°  S. ;  Ion.  53°  W.  Length, 
100  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  It  communicates 
on  the  E.  with  the  Atlantic  by  the  Tajim,  and  northward 
with  Lago  de  los  Patos  by  the  Mirim. 

Mirimande^  meeVee*m6Nd',  or  Mirmandey  meer*- 
m&Nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drfime,  15  miles  S.  of  Valence. 

Miritij  me-re-tee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  Miriti. 

Mirobriga^  the  ancient  name  of  Santiago  dk  Caceu. 

Miropoliey  me-ro-pol'y4,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  85  miles  S.W.  of  Eoorsk,  on  the  Psiol,  an  affluent 
of  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  10,754. 

MirosIaW)  Moravia.     See  Mislitz. 

Mirotitz,  mee'ro-tits\  a  town  of  Bohemiai,  on  the  Lom- 
nitz.  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1506. 

Mirow,  mee'rov,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Neu-Strelitz.     It  has  2  ducal  palaces. 

Mirowitz,  mee'ro-^its\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  43  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1164, 

Mir'ta,  a  town  of  India,  state  and  76  miles  N.E.  of  Joud- 
poor.  Estimated  pop.  25,950.  The  town  is  surrounded  by 
a  wall  partly  of  mud  and  partly  of  stone.  It  has  a  temple 
and  several  mosques. 

Mirzanagur,  mir^z&-n&-gur',  a  town  of  Bengal,  55 
miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta. 

Mir^zapoor',  a  district  of  British  India,  Bensres  di- 
vision, having  S.  and  W.  the  Rewah  territory.  Area,  6217 
square  miles.     Pop.  1,015,826,  principally  Hindoos. 

Mirzapoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  dis- 
trict, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ganges,  32  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Benares.  Lat.  25°  10'  N.;  Ion.  83°  35'  E.  It  is 
large  and  flourishing,  and  well  built,  consisting  of  hand- 
some European  houses,  native  habitations,  and  clusters  of 
Hindoo  temples  crowding  the  banks  of  the  Ganges.  It  is  a 
place  of  extensive  inland  trade,  and  an  important  cotton- 
mart.  It  is  also  noted  for  its  manufactures  of  carpets  and 
various  cotton  fabrics,  and  has  likewise  some  manufactures 
of  iron.     Pop.  in  1881,  56,378;  in  1891,  82,710. 

Misantla,  me-s&nt'l&,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Jalapa,  on  an  isolated  plateau. 
Its  remains  comprise  a  pyramid,  streets,  ancient  walls,  and 
a  cemetery. 

jniscoilf  mis^koo',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, ofif  Shippegan  Island,  Gloucester  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick. It  has  a  light-house,  and  possesses  a  fine  harbor, 
which  is  much  frequented  by  fishing-craft. 

Miscouche^  mis^koosh',  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Rail- 
way, 5  miles  from  Summerside.    Pop.  200. 

MisenO)  me-s&'no  (anc.  Miae'num),  a  promontory  of 
Southern  Italy,  province  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Naples.  Near 
it  are  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Roman  port  of  Misenum. 

Misento,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Misinto. 

Mi'ser,  a  station  in  Albany  oo.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie.  Eleva- 
tion, 6810  feet. 

Mi'ser's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Mish'a  Mokwd)  mok'way,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nelson 
township,  Buflfalo  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mishawaka,  mish^gi-waw'ka,  a  post-village  in  Penn 
township,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  and  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroads,  4  miles  E.  of  South  Bend,  and  11 
miles  W.  of  Elkhart.  It  has  a  bank,  about  7  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, axes,  refrigerators,  <fcc.  Small  steamboats  can  as- 
cend the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3371. 

Mishawaka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Nehalem  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Astoria. 

Mish'icot,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  in 
Mishicot  township,  on  the  East  Two  River,  about  10  miles 


N.  by  E.  of  the  city  of  Manitowoc.  It  has  water-power, 
a  grist-mill,  a  brewery,  a  saw-mill,  and  5  stores.  Pop. 
about  250 ;  of  the  township,  1752. 

Mishkan,  or  Mischkan,  mish-k&n',  a  village  of  Per- 
sia, in  Khorassan,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Nishapoor. 

Mishkin,  or  MischkiU)  mish-keen',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the  Volga. 
Pop.  3014. 

MishUegayoc'  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  in  Genesee 
and  Shiawassee  cos.,  and,  flowing  nearly  northward,  enters 
the  Flint  River  5  miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Shia- 
wassee. 

Mi^sin'abe,  a  lake  of  the  North-West  Territories,  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Superior.  Moose  River  issues  out  of 
the  lake  and  flows  N.E.  about  250  miles  to  James's  Bay. 

Misinto,  me-sin'to,  or  Misento,  me-s£n'to,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Milan.     Pop.  of  commune,  1567. 

Misis,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Mbssis. 

Misitra,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Mistra. 

Miske,  mi8h'k&\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pestb 
32  miles  from  Baja.     Pop.  2349. 

Misketi  or  Miskheti.    See  Msset. 

Miskoicz,  mish-kolts',  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of 
the  00.  of  Borsod,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Erlau.  Pop.  21,199, 
chiefly  Protestants.  It  has  numerous  Lutheran,  Greek, 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue,  Protestant  and 
Roman  Catholic  gymnasia,  a  Greek  national  school,  Roman 
Catholic  high  school,  and  a  convent.  Its  principal  trade  is 
in  wine.  The  best  steel  in  Hungary  is  made  from  iron  ob- 
tained from  neighboring  mines. 

Mislitz,  mis'lits,  or  Mirosiaw,  mee'ros-l&v\  a  town 
of  Moravia,  16  miles  from  Znaim.     Pop.  1140. 

Misocco,  me-sok  ko  (Ger.  Maisox-tkal,  mi'zox-t&r ; 
It.  Val  Melsolsina,  v&l  mjl-sol-see'nl),  a  valley  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Grisons,  S.  of  the  Alps,  imme<liately  E. 
of  the  canton  of  Ticino,  and  traversed  by  the  Moesa,  on 
which  is  the  village  of  Misocco,  with  1386  inhabitants  and 
a  ruined  fortress. 

Misolonghi,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Missolonohi. 

Mis'pec,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  9  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Mispiliion,  mis^piri^-^n,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 
P.  3478.    It  contains  Harrington,  Farmington,  Vernon,  Ac. 

Mispiliion  Creek,  Delaware,  runs  nearly  northeast- 
ward, forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Kent  and  Sussex 
COS.,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay. 

Missaglia,  mis-s&l'yi,  a  market-town  of  Northern 
Italy,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1246. 

Missau'kee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  5SU  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Muskegon,  Clam,  and  Manistee  Rivers,  the  last  of  which 
touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  Capital,  Lake  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  130  j  in  1874, 
606;  in  1880,  1553;  in  1890,  5048. 

Misselemieh,  mis-sel-^h-mee'^h,  a  town  of  Nubia, 
on  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  60  miles  N.  of  Senaar.  The  market 
is  the  resort  of  many  merchants  from  Souakin,  who  barter 
cotton,  spices,  and  perfumes  for  gold,  while  those  from 
Abyssinia  bring  slaves  and  a  few  horses. 

Missinnippi  River,  Canada.    See  Churchill. 

Mission,  mish'un,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111. 
Pop.  1596.     It  contains  Norway. 

Mission,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  12U0. 
It  contains  Claytonville. 

Mission,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  915, 
exclusive  of  the  town  of  Osage  Mission. 

Mission,  a  township  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  River.     Pop.  409. 

Missionary  Ridge  extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of 
Dade  co.,  Ga.,  and  is  partly  comprised  in  Hamilton  oo., 
Tenn.  On  this  ridge  an  important  battle  was  fought  be- 
tween General  Grant  and  General  Bragg  on  the  24th  of 
November,  1863.     The  former  gained  the  victory. 

Mission  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas. 

Mission  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Wabaunsee  co., 
Kansas.     Pop.  605. 

Mission  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pine  co.,  Minn. 

Mission  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Superior  .1 
Mississippi  Railroad,  74  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Mission  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  oo..  Neb., 
12  miles  N.  of  Beattie,  Kansas.     It  has  a  church. 

Missiones,  mis-se-o'nSs,  a  territory  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  in  the  N.E.,  having  on  the  N.W.  the  river 
Paran£,  which  divides  it  from  Paraguay,  and  on  the  S.E 
the  Uruguay,  which  separates  it  from  Brazil,  in  which  t!i<i 


MIS 


1849 


MIS 


Jesuit  missionaries  founded  numerous  establishments  of 
converted  Indians  previous  to  the  suppression  of  their  order 
in  1767.     Area,  23,590  square  miles.     Pop.  3000. 

Mission  Ridge^  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Mission  River,  a  small  stream  of  Texas,  flowing 
through  Refugio  co.  into  Aransas  Bay. 

Mission  San  Jos6,  s&n  ho-z&',  a  post-village  of  Ala- 
meda CO.,  Cal.,  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Mission  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Guadalupe  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Victoria,  and 
about  100  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  nursery, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  about  300. 

Missis,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Messis. 

Missis'quoi,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec, 
bounded  S.  by  Vermont  and  Lake  Champlain.  Area,  660 
square  miles.     Capital,  Frelighsburg.     Pop.  16,922. 

Missisquoi  Bay,  Quebec.    See  Philipsburo  East. 

Missis'quoi  (or  Missis'que)  River,  Vermont,  rises 
in  Orleans  co.,  and  runs  northward  into  Canada,  from 
which  it  passes  into  Franklin  co.,  Vt.  It  subsequently 
runs  nearly  westward  through  the  latter  county,  and  enters 
a  part  of  Lake  Champlain,  called  Missisquoi  Bay.  It  is 
about  90  miles  long. 

Mis^sissin'ewa,  or  Mis^sissin'awa,  a  township  of 
Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana  line.     Pop.  798. 

Mississinewa  River  rises  in  Darke  oo.,  0.,  and  runs 
westward  through  Randolph  oo.  of  Indiana.  It  subsequently 
flows  northwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Delaware,  Grant, 
and  AVabash,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Miami  co., 
about  3  miles  above  Peru.     It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Mississippi,  mis^sis-sip'pee  (Missi  Sipi,  i.e.,  the  "  Great 
Water"),  the  largest  and  most  important  river  of  the  United 
States,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Minnesota,  at  an  elevation 
of  1680  feet  above  the  tide- water.  Its  chief  source  is  Itasca 
Lake,  which  is  1575  feet  higher  than  the  sea,  and  about 
3000  (or,  as  some  say,  3160)  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  and  is  about  lat.  47°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  95°  20'  W.  From 
Itasca  Lake  it  runs  first  northward,  but  soon  turns  towards 
the  E.,  and  expands  into  Lake  Cass  and  other  lakes.  After 
flowing  towards  nearly  every  point  of  the  compass,  it  arrives 
at  Crow  Wing,  below  which  it  runs  southward  to  St.  Cloud 
and  southeastward  to  Minneapolis.  Here  is  a  picturesque 
cataract  called  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  which  is  the  head 
of  navigation.  The  river  here  descends  66  feet  in  less  than 
one  mile,  including  a  perpendicular  fall  of  17  feet.  It 
passes  by  the  city  of  St.  Paul,  and  a  few  miles  lower  strikes 
the  boundary  of  Wisconsin  and  expands  into  the  long  and 
beautiful  Lake  Pepin,  bordered  by  vertical  limestone  bluffs, 
which  are  about  400  feet  high  and  very  picturesque.  Below 
Dubuque  its  general  direction  is  southward,  and  it  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  states  of  Iowa,  Missouri,  Arkan- 
sas, and  Louisiana  on  the  right,  and  Illinois,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  and  Mississippi  on  the  left  hand.  After  an  ex- 
tremely sinuous  course,  it  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  sev- 
eral mouths  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Plaquemines  parish. 
La.,  in  lat.  29°  N.  and  Ion.  89°  12'  W.  - 

Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Missouri,  Ohio,  Arkansas,  and 
Red  Rivers,  besides  which  it  receives  the  Minnesota,  Iowa, 
and  Des  Moines  from  the  right  hand,  and  the  Wisconsin 
and  Illinois  Rivers  from  the  left.  The  Missouri  River  is 
longer  than  the  part  of  the  Mississippi  above  the  junction 
of  the  two  rivers,  which  is  called  the  Upper  Mississippi. 
The  total  length  of  the  stream  from  the  source  of  the  Mis-1 
Bouri  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  computed  to  be  4300  miles,! 
which  exceeds  that  of  any  other  river  in  the  world.  The 
area  drained  by  this  river  and  its  tributaries,  according  to 
Prof.  Guyot,  is  1,244,000  square  miles.  It  is  computed  that 
the  mean  volume  of  water  discharged  by  it  in  a  second  is 
675,000  cubic  feet.  It  is  navigable  by  large  or  middle-sized 
steamboats  from  its  mouth  to  St.  Paul,  a  distance  of  about 
2200  miles.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Missouri  to  Fort 
Benton,  which  according  to  some  is  about  2500  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  3900  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
sippi. The  chief  cities  on  the  great  river,  giving  prece- 
dence to  those  nearest  the  source,  are  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul, 
La  Crosse,  Dubuque,  Davenport,  Keokuk,  Quincy,  Hanni- 
bal, St.  Louis,  Memphis,  and  New  Orleans.  The  lowest 
SI  ace  at  which  the  river  is  crossed  by  a  bridge  is  St.  Louis, 
[o.,  about  1400  miles  from  its  mouths  This  has  3  arches 
raised  8o4ugli'Ib8t'Ia«>g9«t6amer8  oan  pass  under  it.  The 
river  is  3500  feet  wide  at  St.  Louis,  about  2500  at  New  Or- 
leans, and  4000  feet  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  appears 
that  it  is  generally  wider  between  Dubaque  and  St.  Louis 
than  it  is  below  the  latter  city.  Three  other  bridges  cross 
the  river,  at  Davenport,  Clinton,  and  Dubuque.  The  mean 
velocity  of  the  current  between  St.  Louis  and  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  is  about  65  miles  per  day.     The  Mississippi  Valley 

117 


comprises  a  vast  extent  of  very  fertile  land,  which  is  nearly 
level  or  gently  undulating.  As  the  river  runs  southward 
and  traverses  18  degrees  of  latitude,  the  climate  and  pro- 
ductions of  the  lower  part  difi'er  greatly  from  those  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  valley.  In  Louisiana  and  Mississippi  the 
river  is  bordered  by  alluvial  plains  and  swamps,  which  are 
lower  than  the  surface  of  the  water,  and  are  often  inun- 
dated, though  partly  protected  by  artificial  embankments 
called  leveet.  The  greatest  floods  occur  in  the  spring 
after  the  snow  and  ice  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  have  been 
melted.  The  water  begins  to  rise  about  the  1st  of  March, 
and  increases  until  June.  The  leveea  are  sometimes  burst 
or  overcome  by  the  violence  of  the  flood,  which  rushes 
through  crevasses  and  devastates  large  tracts  of  arable  land 
of  which  cotton  and  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Such  a 
calamity  occurred  in  April,  1874,  and  reduced  many  thou 
sand  people  to  destitution.  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  a 
large  delta  has  been  formed  by  the  mud  and  detritus  carried 
down  by  the  current.  This  delta  is  intersected  by  a  num- 
ber of  outlets  or  water-courses,  called  bayous,  which  issue 
from  the  Mississippi,  or  derive  from  it  a  supply  of  water  in 
time  of  a  flood.  "The  whole  area  of  the  delta,"  says  Dana, 
"is  about  12,300  square  miles,  and  about  one-third  is  a  sea- 
marsh,  only  two-thirds  lying  above  the  level  of  the  gulf." 
The  amount  of  silt  or  sediment  carried  to  the  Mexican  Gulf 
by  this  river,  according  to  Humphreys  and  Abbott,  is  about 
l-1500th  the  weight  of  the  water,  equivalent  for  an  average 
year  to  812,500,000,000,000  pounds,  or  a  mass  one  square 
mile  in  area  and  241  feet  deep.  "  Tne  new  soil  deposited 
in  one  year  by  the  Mississippi,"  says  Guyot,  "  would  cover 
an  area  of  268  square  miles  with  the  thickness  of  one  foot." 
The  water  enters  the  gulf  by  five  channels,  called  the  North- 
east Pass,  the  Southeast  Pass,  South  Pass,  Ac.  The  nav- 
igation of  thes6  passes  is  partly  obstructed  by  sand-banks, 
which  are  continually  formed  or  shifted,  and  to  obviate 
this  difficulty  a  system  of  jetties  has  been  constructed  in 
the  South  Pass  by  Captain  J.  B.  Eads,  by  authority  of  the 
national  government,  calculated  to  maintain  a  channel  30 
feet  in  depth. 

Mississippi,  one  of  the  Gulf  States  of  the  American 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  Tennessee,  E.  by  Alabama,  S.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Louisiana,  and  W.  by  Arkansas 
and  Louisiana.  Along  its  western  borders  flow  the  Missis- 
sippi and  Pearl  Rivers,  and  for  its  northern  limit  it  has  tho 
35th  degree  of  N.  lat.  Area,  46,810  square  miles,  of  which 
46,340  square  miles  are  land  and  470  water. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Along  the  Mississippi,  above  Vicks- 
burg,  a  vast  swampy  tract  of  dense  timber  extends  north- 
ward beyond  the  state  line  and  eastward  beyond  the  Yazoo 
River;  and  but  for  the  erection  of  strong  levees  this  fertile 
region  (7000  square  miles)  would  be  subject  to  frequent 
overflow.  No  less  than  350  miles  of  the  Mississippi  front 
in  this  state  are  found  to  need  levees.  In  the  N.E.  there  is 
an  exceedingly  fertile  prairie  region,  bounded  on  the  W 
by  the  "  flat  woods,"  a  long,  narrow,  and  densely-wooded 
level  tract.  The  northern  and  N.  central  portions  are  roll- 
ing, and  in  many  parts  fertile,  but  there  are  elevated  tracts 
which  have  a  stubborn,  unfertile  soil.  Eastward  of  the 
Yazoo  there  are  high  blufis  of  river-drift  or  loess,  which 
approach  the  Mississippi  at  Vicksburg,  Natchez,  and  other 
points.  These  bluS's  (the  "cane  hills")  are  deeply  broken 
with  eouUea  and  water- worn  ravines,  and  are  often  com- 
posed of  most  fertile  soil.  The  great  level  pine  region, 
or  "  cow-country,"  of  Mississippi  affords  much  natural  pas- 
turage and  large  amounts  of  timber  and  naval  stores.  It 
covered  at  one  time  more  than  one-third  of  the  state,  reach 
ing  from  the  gulf  northward  nearly  to  Jackson,  but  its 
northern  limits  have  been  much  restricted  by  the  extension 
of  agriculture.  Its  southern  and  less  fertile  portion  is  very 
healthful,  but  to  the  northward  intermittent  fevers  prevail 
and  the  country  is  not  regarded  as  a  safe  one  for  onaooii- 
mated  persons  to  inhabit. 

Geology. — In  the  N.E.  the  Alabama  coal-measures  occupy 
a  small  area  of  this  state,  but  are  represented  only  by  their 
lower  or  unproductive  strata,  and  Mississippi  has  no  true 
coal,  but  is  said  to  have  some  deposits  of  lignite.  The 
northeastern  plains  are  cretaceous,  and  are  exceedingly  ^/ 
fertile;    but  they  are  somewhat    scantily  provided  with  ^^ 

potable  water,  except  where  artesian  wells  have  been  sunk. 
The  most  widely  prevailing  formation  is  the  tertiary ;  but 
the  lowlands  along  the  Mississippi  and  the  gulf  are  of 
post-tertiary  and  alluvial  character.  The  mineral  waters 
of  Lauderdale,  Harrison,  Jackson,  Tishemingo,  and  Hinds 
COS.  have  considerable  reputation  as  medicinal  agents,  and 
not  a  few  of  the  wells  and  springs  of  the  state  are  charged 
with  saline  ingredients.  The  orange  or  tinted  sand  of  the 
quaternary,  with  its  curious  conical  knolls,  is  a  remark- 


MIS 


1850 


MIS 


able  feature.     Lime,  rough  sandstone,  fictile  clays,  and  some 
lignite  are  obtained,  but  no  ores  are  mined  in  the  state. 

Vegetation. — The  marshy  regions  abound  in  cypress  of 
two  Tarieties,  bay,  black  gum,  and  other  timber  trees. 
The  great  pine  forests  have  been  already  alluded  to.  In 
the  hilly  country  there  are  valuable  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
locust,  walnut,  bilsted,  <fcc.  The  native  fruits  include  the 
persimmon,  pawpaw,  Chickasaw  plum,  Ogeechee  lime,  and 
excellent  grapes.  The  Tillandsia,  or  Spanish  moss,  affords 
a  fibre  much  used  by  upholsterers,  and  the  abundant  cane 
{Arundinaria)  yields  a  useful  paper-stock. 

Agriculture. — The  N.E.  cretaceous  districts  and  tha  low 
Mississippi  bottom-lands  are  of  inexhaustible  fertility,  and 
when  the  levees  of  the  river-front  shall  have  been  com- 
pleted it  is  probable  no  region  of  the  United  States  will 
support  a  larger  agricultural  population  to  the  square  mile 
than  the  now  swampy  region  W.  of  the  Yazoo.  Through- 
out the  pine  region  there  are  fertile  tracts  of  cotton-land. 
Southward  there  is  considerable  rice  and  sugar-cane  cul- 
^re,  which  might  be  indefinitely  extended.  Indian  corn 
and  cotton  are,  however,  the  staple  products,  and  the  former 
grows  with  a  luxuriance  quite  unknown  in  the  North- 
ern states.  The  principal  forage-crops  are  maize  and  the 
cow-pea  (a  Dolichos)).  Grazing  is  an  important  industry, 
the  small  and  half-wild  cattle  finding  abundant  pasturage 
in  the  wide  forests;  much  pork  is  produced,  and  tne  annual 
wool-clip  is  very  considerable.  Honey,  wax,  batter,  sweet 
potatoes,  sorghum,  pulse,  tobacco,  and  wheat  are  products 
of  importance.  The  climate  is  well  adapted  for  sericul- 
ture and  vine-growing.  The  orange  flourishes  in  the 
south ;  the  pomegranate  and  fig  grow  almost  everywhere 
without  protection,  and  the  peach  in  some  parts  is  found 
in  the  forests  in  a  half-wild  state.  Considerable  attention 
has  been  given  lately  to  the  cultivation  of  jute. 

Manufactures. — The  only  extensive  manufacturing  in- 
terest is  the  cutting  and  sawing  of  lumber,  chiefly  for  the 
New  Orleans  market.  The  chief  seats  of  this  occupation 
are  the  lower  valleys  of  the  Pascagoula  and  Pearl  Rivers, 
and  the  products  are  shipped  both  by  rail  and  by  water.  The 
manufacture  of  cotton-seed  oil  and  oil-cake  is  also  im- 
portant, and  that  of  tar,  rosin,  and  spirits  of  turpentine  is 
becoming  so.  The  other  manufactures  are  chiefly  local,  or 
connected  with  the  construction  and  repair  of  railroad- 
works.  Several  cotton-mills  have  been  started,  with  good 
prospects  of  success. 

Commerce. — The  river-towns  and  the  railroad  centres  do 
a  large  forwarding  and  distributing  business;  and  the 
sheltered  sound,  with  its  diverging  bays  and  lagoons,  affords 
safe  and  tranquil  passage  for  coasting-vessels,  although  the 
state  has  no  harbor  with  sufficient  water  for  large  shipping. 
There  are  in  the  state  a  number  of  freight-  and  passenger- 
steamers,  besides  numerous  sailing-vessels.  Besides  the 
Mississippi,  steam  navigation  ascends  the  Yazoo,  Talla- 
hatchee,  Yalabusha,  Pascagoula,  and  Tombigbee  Rivers,  and 
is  to  some  extent  practicable  upon  the  Big  Black,  Sun- 
flower, and  Pearl,  although  the  latter  stream  is  much  en- 
cumbered by  snags  and  shallows. 

Railroads. — In  1846  there  were  42  miles  of  railroad ;  in 
1860,  75  miles;  in  1855,  278  miles;  in  1860,  862  miles;  in 
1866,  898  miles;  in  1870,  990  miles;  in  1875,  1018  miles; 
in  1880,  1127  miles;  in  1885,  1920  miles;  in  1890,  2470 
miles.  A  period  of  depression  in  the  value  of  railroad 
stocks  occurred  after  the  civil  war,  but  there  has  been  lately 
a  marked  activity  in  railroad  extension. 

The  Counties  number  75,  as  follows:  Adams,  Aloom, 
Amite,  Attala,  Benton,  Bolivar,  Calhoun,  Carroll,  Chicka- 
saw, Choctaw,  Claiborne,  Clarke,  Clay,  Coahoma,  Copiah, 
Covington,  De  Soto,  Franklin,  Greene,  Grenada,  Hancock, 
Harrison,  Hinds,  Holmes,  Issaquena,  Itawamba,  Jackson, 
Jasper,  Jefferson,  Jones,  Kemper,  Lafayette,  Lauderdale, 
Lawrence,  Leake,  Lee,  Leflore,  Lincoln,  Lowndes,  Madi- 
son, Marion,  Marshall,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Neshoba, 
Newton,  Noxubee,  Oktibbeha,  Panola,  Pearl,  Perry,  Pike, 
Pontotoc,  Prentiss,  Quitman,  Rankin,  Scott,  Sharkey, 
Simpson,  Smith,  Sunflower,  Tallahatchee,  Tate,  Tippah, 
Tishemingo,  Tunica,  Union,  Warren,  Washington,  Wayne, 
Webster,  Wilkinson,  Winston,  Yalabusha,  and  Yazoo. 

Principal  Towns. — These  are  the  cities  of  Vicksburg 
^pop.  in  1890, 13,373)  and  Natchez  (10,101),  on  the  Missis- 
sippi; Meridian  (10,624),  a  manufacturing  and  railroad 
centre ;  Greenville  (6658) ;  Jackson,  the  capital,  on  Pearl 
River,  and  at  the  junction  of  trunk-railway  lines  (5920); 
besides  Columbus,  Aberdeen,  Yazoo  City,  Biloxi,  Wessen, 
Water  Valley,  West  Point,  Grenada,  McComb  City,  Holly 
Springs,  Brook  Haven,  Canton,  Corinth,  Okalona,  and  other 
places,  some  of  which  have  large  commercial  interests. 
Most  of  them  are  incorporated  as  cities. 


Oovemment. — The  constitution  now  in  foror  was  adopted 
in  1869.  The  governor  and  principal  executive  officers  are 
chosen  for  a  term  of  four  years.  Judges  are  appointed  by 
the  governor,  and  serve  for  limited  terms.  Voters  must  bo 
registered,  and  have  resided  six  months  in  the  state,  and 
one  month  in  the  county  where  the  vote  is  cast.  The  state 
has  seven  representatives  in  the  lower  house  of  Congress, 
and  nine  electoral  votes. 

Education  is  provided  for  by  law,  and  free  schools  are 
sustained  by  state  and  local  taxes,  the  income  from  the 
sales  of  certain  state  lands,  the  proceeds  of  fines  and  licenses, 
Ac.  There  are  state  and  county  superintendents  of  schools, 
a  state  board  of  education,  and  local  boards  of  trustees ;  and, 
since  the  establishment  of  the  free-school  system  in  1886, 
there  has  been  a  marked  improvement  in  educational  mat- 
ters. There  are  normal  schools  at  Holly  Springs  and  Touga- 
loo.  Oxford  is  the  seat  of  the  state  university,  and  the 
state  agricultural  and  mechanical  college  is  situated  at'Stark- 
ville.  Alcorn  University,  Oakland,  has  a  scientific  school, 
and  is  open  to  blacks  as  well  as  whites.  Tougaloo  Uni- 
versity, with  normal,  industrial,  model,  intermediate,  and 
Krimary  departments,  instructs  principally  colored  students, 
[ississippi  College,  Clinton,  is  a  flourishing  Baptist  school. 
Shaw  University,  Holly  Springs,  is  under  Methodist  super- 
vision. Pass  Christian  College  is  Roman  Catholic,  and 
Madison  College,  at  Sharon,  is  non-sectarian.  Other  im- 
portant public  institutions  are  the  state  lunatic  asylum,  the 
state  penitentiary,  the  institution  for  the  blind,  and  the 
state  hospital  for  deaf-mutes,  all  at  or  near  Jackson. 

History. — Traversed  by  De  Soto  in  1540,  visited  by  La 
Salle  in  1682,  no  permanent  settlement  was  made  till  1716, 
when  Iberville  founded  Natchez.  This  colony  was  a  part 
of  French  Louisiana,  but,  unlike  most  other  French-Amer- 
ican colonies,  it  had  to  wage  bloody  wars  with  the  Indians. 
In  1763  the  country  passed  to  the  English  and  waa  made  a 
part  of  West  Florida,  but  was  claimed  as  part  of  Georgia, 
except  the  southern  tier  of  counties,  which  became  a  part 
of  the  Spanish  province  of  West  Florida  in  1783 ;  and  Spain 
claimed  them  as  her  own  until  1819,  when  they  passed  with 
the  rest  of  Florida  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
to  which  for  seven  years  they  had  been  annexed  de  facto, 
Mississippi  Territory  was  organized  in  1798,  and  then  in- 
cluded a  wide  strip,  whose  N.  line  ran  westward  from  the 
Chattahoochee  to  the  Mississippi  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yazoo,  no  part  touching  the  Gulf.  In  1804  Congress  an- 
nexed to  Mississippi  a  great  tract,  embracing  three-fifths 
of  the  present  area  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama,  a  tract 
which  had  formerly  belonged  to  Georgia  and  South  Caro- 
lina. The  "Yazoo  Fraud"  (so  called),  a  sale  of  her  west- 
ern lands  by  Georgia,  in  1795,  led  to  great  excitement 
throughout  the  country;  and  in  1814  Congress  appropri- 
ated $5,000,000  to  pay  unsatisfied  claimants  and  to  end  the 
litigation  arising  from  this  source.  In  1812  the  United 
States  Congress  added  the  Gulf  counties  to  Mississippi ;  but 
Spain  did  not  cede  them  until  the  purchase  of  1819.  The 
state  was  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1817  with  its  present 
limits,  and  a  season  of  great  prosperity  followed.  In  1838 
the  stAte  created  a  debt  of  $7,000,000  for  banking  pur- 
poses, but  she  soon  repudiated  the  whole  outright.  For  a 
long  time  Mississippi  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  of  the  cot- 
ton-producing states.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  she  suf- 
fered severely ;  and  subsequently  there  were  unhappy  years 
of  misrule  and  anarchy,  which  for  a  time  great!}'  retarded 
industrial  advancement. 

Population  in  1800,8850;  in  1810,  40,352;  in  1820, 
75,448;  in  1830,  136,621;  in  1840,  375,651;  in  1850, 
606,948;  in  1860,  791,305,  of  whom  436,631  were  slaves; 
in  1870,  827,922;  in  1880,  1,131,597;  in  1890,  1,289,600. 

Mississippi,  a  northeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Missouri.  Area,  about  803  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  Little  River,  and  partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
St.  Francis  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  diversified  with 
cypress  swamps  and  forests.  The  soil  of  the  drier  parts  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Numerous  lakes  are  found  in  this  county,  the  largest 
being  Big  Lake.  Capital,  Osceola.  Pop.  in  1870,  3633; 
in  1880,  7332;  in  1890,  11,635. 

Mississippi)  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Kentucky.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  occupied  by 
cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  <fc  Iron  Mountain  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis 
Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Charleston.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4982;  in  1880.  9270;  in  1890,  10,134. 


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3Iississippi,  a  township  of  Sacramento  oc,  Cal.  P.  171. 

Mississippi,  a  township  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo.  P.  357. 

Mississippi  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison 
CO.,  Mississippi,  is  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  (Mississippi 
Sound),  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  71 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  Orleans.     Pop.  in  1890,  634. 

Mississippi  College,  Mississippi.    See  Cunton. 

Mississippi  River,  a  river  of  Ontario,  rises  in  Mis- 
sissippi Lake,  Lanark  co.,  and,  flowing  northerly  100  miles, 
enters  the  Ottawa  7  miles  above  Arnprior.  A  good  part  is 
navigable  for  small  steamers. 

Missivri,  mis-seev'ree  (ano.  Mesem'bria),  a  seaport 
town  of  Eastern  Boumelia,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Black 
Sea,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Boorghas,  lat.  42°  39'  N.,  Ion.  27" 
43'  E.,  with  a  harbor,  formerly  a  principal  station  of  the 
Byzantine  fleets. 

Missolonghi,  mis-so-long'ghee,  written  also  Meso- 
longhi,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  an  extensive  flat  thickly 
wooded  with  olive  trees  and  watered  by  the  Achelous  and 
Avernus,  22  miles  W.  of  Lepanto.  It  is  walled  and  other- 
wise defended,  so  as  to  be  a  place  of  considerable  strength. 
It  greatly  distinguished  itself  during  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
tion, when  it  was  besieged  by  the  Turks  and  ultimately 
reduced  by  famine.  Near  it,  in  1823,  Marco  Bozzaris  was 
killed  in  action.  The  walls  are  washed  by  the  sea,  but, 
owing  to  a  vast  shoal,  it  is  accessible  only  by  boats.  Other 
vessels  cannot  approach  nearer  than  from  4  to  5  miles. 
Lord  Byron  died  here,  April  19,  1824.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
large  trade.     Pop.  5714. 

Missoula,  miz-zoo'la,  a  northwestern  county  of  Mon- 
tana, borders  on  Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Clarke's  River, 
a  branch  of  the  Columbia,  and  also  drained  by  the  Koote- 
nay,  the  Maple,  and  the  Bitter  Root  or  St.  Mary's  River. 
Among  its  beautiful  features  is  Flathead  or  Selish  Lake, 
about  30  miles  long.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
evergreen  trees.  The  Bitter  Root  Mountains  extend  along 
the  S.W.  border  of  this  county,  which  also  comprises  part 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  prai- 
ries is  fertile,  well  adapted  to  pasturage,  and  produces 
wheat,  grass,  <feo.  Gold  is  found  in  this  county,  which  is 
traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  18,550 
square  miles.  Capital,  Missoula.  Pop.  in  1870,  2554  j  in 
1880,  2537;  in  1890,  3426. 

Missonla,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana, 
is  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Bitter  Root  and  Hell  Gate  Rivers,  and  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  124  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena.  It  is 
in  a  fertile  valley  near  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  has  a 
long  suspension-bridge  over  the  river,  a  fine  court-house,  a 
national  bank,  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  sev- 
eral churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  3426. 

Missoula  River,  Montana,  sometimes  called  the  Bit- 
ter Root,  runs  northwestward  in  Missoula  co.,  and  unites 
with  the  Flathead  to  form  the  Clarke's  River. 

Missouri,  mis-soo'ree  (i.e.,  the  "  Mud  River"),  a  great 
river  of  the  United  States,  is  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Jefferson,  Gallatin,  and  Madison  Rivers  or  Forks,  which 
rise  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  unite  at  Gallatin  City, 
Montana.  This  point  is  4132  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  The  source  of  the  Madison  Fork  is  8301  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  about  2  miles  from  one  of  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Snake  River.  "Within  a  radius  of  ten 
miles,"  says  Hayden,  "  may  be  found  the  sources  of  three 
of  the  largest  rivers  in  America."  This  sentence  refers  to 
the  Columbia,  Missouri,  and  Colorado.  From  Gallatin  City 
the  river  runs  nearly  northward  through  a  mountainous  re- 
gion, in  which  gold  is  found.  "  The  Missouri  Valley  here  is 
about  20  to  25  miles  in  width,  with  high  ranges  of  moun- 
tains on  both  sides."  (Hay den's  Report.)  About  16  miles 
E.  of  Helena  the  river  passes  through  a  deep  and  narrow 
canon  or  gorge,  5  miles  long,  called  the  "Gates  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains."  The  scenery  here  is  very  sublime  and 
imposing.  About  350  miles  from  the  junction  of  the  three 
Forks  occur  the  Great  Falls,  where  the  river  descends  357 , 
feet  in  about  15  miles  by  a  series  of  cataracts,  the  highest 
of  which  presents  a  perpendicular  fall  of  87  feet.  The 
river  here  cuts  through  a  great  thickness  of  Jurassic  or 
triassic  rocks.  Nearly  40  miles  below  the  Great  Falls  is 
Fort  Benton,  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation.  From  this 
place  the  Missouri  runs  eastward  through  Choteau  and 
Dawson  cos.,  Montana,  and  pursues  the  same  general  direc- 
tion for  500  miles  or  mora. 

At  Fort  Buford  it  crosses  the  eastern  boundary  of  Mon- 
tana, and  enters  Dakota  near  lat.  48°  N.  Here  it  is  joined 
by  its  largest  affluent,  the  Yellowstone,  which  is  said  to  be 
800  yards  wi'Je  at  its  mouth.   The  Missouri  runs  southeast- 


ward to  Bismarck,  below  which  it  flows  nearly  southward 
for  several  hundred  miles  through  the  middle  of  Dakota, 
and  traverses  vast  prairies  or  grassy  plains  almost  destitute 
of  forest  trees.  After  it  has  passed  the  mouth  of  the 
Cheyenne  (a  large  affluent  which  comes  from  the  W.)  it 
changes  its  course  to  the  S.B.  It  strikes  the  boundary  of 
Iowa  near  Sioux  City,  and  from  this  place  runs  nearly 
southward,  forming  the  boundary  between  Iowa  and  Ne- 
braska. Pursuing  next  a  S.S.E.  direction,  it  forms  the 
boundary  between  Kansas  and  the  state  of  Missouri  until 
it  arrives  at  Kansas  City,  where  it  receives  another  large 
affluent,  the  Kansas  River.  It  now  enters  the  state  of 
Missouri,  in  which  it  flows  eastward  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Chariton,  and  thence  southeastward  to  Jefferson  City,  be- 
low which  its  general  direction  is  eastward.  It  enters  the 
Mississippi  River  3  miles  below  Alton,  Ill.;>and  20  miles 
above  St.  Louis.  It  is  a  turbid  stream,  noted  for  the  ra- 
pidity of  its  current,  which  encroaches  on  the  land  and 
often  carries  away  its  banks.  It  is  nearly  3000  miles  long, 
without  including  either  of  its  branche^T^H*  "BioSeds  &' 
length  as  well  as  in  volume  the  part  of  the  Mississippi 
above  their  junction. 

The  area  drained  by  the  Missouri  is  computed  to  be 
518,000  square  miles,  and  the  average  quantity  of  water 
discharged  by  it  in  a  second  is  said  to  be  120,000  cubio 
feet.  During  high  water,  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Fort 
Benton,  which,  according  to  Dana,  is  2644  miles  from  its 
mouth,  but  others  say  2500  miles.  Fort  Buford  is  the  head 
of  navigation  during  low  water,  which  is  in  summer  and 
early  autumn. 

The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Yankton,  Sioux  City, 
Omaha,  Council  Bluff's,  Nebraska  City,  St.  Joseph,  Atchison, 
Leavenworth,  and  Kansas  City.  These  are  named  in  their 
order  as  they  occur  to  one  who  descends  the  stream.  The 
largest  affluents  of  the  Missouri  besides  those  already  men- 
tioned are  the  Platte,  the  Dakota  or  James,  the  Niobrara, 
the  Little  Missouri,  the  Milk,  the  Osage,  and  the  Grand. 
For  a  notice  of  its  forks,  see  Gallatin,  Madison,  &c.  Ac- 
cording to  F.  V.  Hayden,  the  Missouri  "  drains  an  area  of 
nearly  or  quite  1,000,000  square  miles."  (Annual  Report 
for  1868.)  In  another  report  he  says,  "Terraces  of  the 
kind  alluded  to  form  a  peculiar  feature  of  the  Missouri 
River  and  its  tributaries,  and  are  found  from  the  foot  of  the 
mountains  to  its  mouth,  and  in  many  instances  they  seem 
to  aS"ord  most  beautiful  natural  sites  for  cities." 

Missouri,  a  central  state  of  the  American  Union,  bor- 
dered on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  traversed  by 
the  great  stream  whose  name  it  bears.  On  the  N.  it  is 
bounded  by  Iowa,  on  the  E.  by  Illinois,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee,  on  the  S.  by  Arkansas,  and  on  the  W,  by  Ne- 
braska, Kansas,  and  the  Indian  Territory,  while  its  south - 
easternmost  counties  form  a  projection  which  is  bounded 
westward  by  Arkansas.  Area,  69,415  square  miles,  of 
which  68,735  square  miles  are  land,  and  680  water. 

Face  of  the  Country. — N.  of  the  Missouri  River  the  surface 
is  a  very  level  or  more  frequently  rolling  region,  diversified 
with  timber  and  open  prairie.  S.  of  that  river  there  are 
three  well-characterized  regions :  the  open  and  compara- 
tively treeless  plains  of  the  W.,  continuous  with  those  of 
Kansas;  the  central  Ozark  Mountains,  a  rough  but  not 
greatly  elevated  country,  well  timbered,  and  continuous 
southward  with  the  mountains  of  Arkansas ;  and  the  south 
eastern  marshy  tract,  of  exceedingly  fertile  and  well-tim- 
bered country,  which  sunk  to  its  present  level  during  the 
earthquakes  of  1811-12.  From  Cape  Girardeau  southward 
the  Mississippi  front  is  diked  or  leveed.  This  region  ia 
said  to  embrace  3000  square  miles  of  swamp. 

Geology,  Mineral  Wealth. — The  two  prominent  featureo 
of  Missouri  geology  are  (1)  the  great  Silurian  Ozark  region, 
whose  highly  metalliferous  strata  are  much  broken  by  dikes 
and  outcrops  of  azoic  rocks,  and  (2)  the  coal-field  of  the 
N.  and  centre,  continuous  northward  and  westward  with 
the  coal-measures  of  Iowa  and  Kansas.  Intermediate  be- 
tween these  regions  lie  outcrops  of  the  Devonian,  while  the 
S.E.  is  alluvial,  and  there  are  isolated  beds  of  the  creta- 
ceous, &0.  The  metalliferous  ores  of  Missouri  are  very  rich 
and  abundant.  Prominent  illustrations  of  their  value  are 
afi"orded  by  the  Pilot  Knob,  Iron  Mountain,  Shepherd  Moun- 
tain, and  other  mountain-like  masses  of  excellent  hematitio 
and  magnetic  ores ;  the  Mine  La  Motte,  with  its  rich  ores 
of  lead  and  nickel;  the  mines  near  Joplin,  which  yield 
millions  of  pounds  of  lead  and  zinc  annually;  and  the 
Vall6  and  Perry  lead-mines  of  St.  Francois  co.  Missouri 
has  for  150  years  produced  a  great  amount  of  lead,  and  in 
some  years  has  exceeded  50,000,000  pounds,  and  the  i<tete 
could  apparently  supply  the  world  with  this  commodity  for 
an  indefinite  period.     The  lead-belt  crosses  the  state  from 


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MIS 


E.  to  W.  Millions  of  tons  of  iron  ore  are  mined  in  years 
when  the  iron-trade  is  active,  and  the  supply  is  inexhaust- 
ible. Limonites,  spathic  ores,  and  other  sorts  of  iron  ore 
occur  abundantly  throughout  the  S.W.  Iron  is  largely 
smelted,  but  the  ore  is  principally  sent  abroad  for  working. 
Besides  lead,  zinc,  iron,  and  nickel  ores,  good  copper  ores 
are  abundant;  cadmium  exists  in  considerable  quantities; 
some  gold  and  silver  have  been  obtained;  while  marble, 
limestone,  glass-sand,  kaolin,  fire-clay,  barium  sulphate, 
and  other  useful  mineral  substances  exist  very  plentifully. 
The  main  coal-field  is  known  to  cover  at  least  23,100  square 
miles,  of  which  some  7000  are  underlaid  by  beds  thick 
enough  to  have  commercial  value.  To  the  E.,  S.,  and  S.E. 
of  the  proper  coal-fields  are  interesting  detached  areas  or 
pockets  of  exceedingly  thick  and  very  good  coal  of  some- 
what uncertain  geological  age.  Most  of  the  Missouri  coals 
are  either  cannelite  or  bituminous.  In  1890  the  production 
was  ofBcially  stated  at  2,567,823  tons,  valued  at  $3,478,058. 

Rivera. — By  means  of  her  two  great  rivers  and  their 
navigable  branches,  Missouri  has  direct  water-communica- 
tion with  almost  every  state  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and 
of  her  own  minor  streams  the  Osage,  Grand,  Maramec,  Salt, 
Gasconade,  White,  St.  Francis,  and  Current,  and  perhaps 
others,  have,  or  have  had,  some  utility  as  navigable  streams ; 
but  the  great  extension  of  railroads  has  impaired  their  use- 
fulness in  this  respect.  In  the  mountain-country  the  water- 
power  is  to  some  extent  utilized. 

Agriculture. — Missouri  affords  every  variety  of  soil,  from 
the  fruitful  corn-lands  of  the  Mississippi  bottom,  the  wide 
rolling  prairies  of  the  N.,  and  the  inexhaustibly  product- 
ive loess  of  the  N.W.,  to  the  rocky  and  inarable  hillsides 
seen  in  parts  of  the  S.,  and  the  cold  and  refractory  black 
clays  occurring  upon  some  belts  of  the  coal-field.  The 
Ozark  country  is  but  sparsely  settled ;  but  its  valleys  are 
very  commonly  productive,  and  its  steep  hills  have  been 
found  to  afford  a  generous  vintage.  Indian  corn  is  the 
great  staple  of  Missouri ;  but  hemp,  tobacco,  winter  wheat, 
barley,  hay,  oats,  fruit,  sweet  and  true  potatoes,  market-  and 
dairy-products,  wool,  wine,  beef,  and  pork  are  all  produced 
in  large  excess  over  home  demands.  Sorghum  and  castor- 
oil  beans  are  important  crops.  Even  cotton  is  grown  in 
the  S.  But  grazing  and  stock-breeding  is,  perhaps,  the 
leailing  farm  interest,  and  great  numbers  of  neat  cattle, 
horses,  mules,  <&o.,  are  forwarded  henoe  to  Eastern  markets. 

Forests, — The  hill-country  is  well  wooded  with  pine  and 
oak,  and  the  river-bottoms  produce  much  cypress,  ash, 
locust,  oak,  hickory,  pecan,  oass-wood,  cottonwood,  and 
walnut,  the  N.  and  W.  sections  having  less  timber  than  the 
•ther  parts.  The  oflScial  returns  give  Missouri  a'  very 
respectable  rank  as  regards  the  value  of  its  lumber  and 
forest  products ;  yet  it  is  very  largely  and  chiefly  supplied 
with  lumber  from  the  Upper  Lake  states. 

Manufactures. — Some  notice  of  the  extent  of  the  mining 
and  metallurgical  interests  of  the  state  ha£  already  been 
given.  Besides  these  operations,  Missouri  carries  on  large 
manufactures  of  agricultural  implements,  bagging,  boots 
and  shoes,  bricks,  bridges,  cars,  carriages,  drain-tile,  flour, 
castings,  chemicals,  leather,  lumber,  cooperage,  machinery, 
musical  instrvunents,  castor  oil,  lard  oil,  paints,  tobacco, 
snuff,  spirits,  wine,  cigars,  woollens,  chandlery,  soap,  <fcc. 
St.  Louis  is  the  leading  centre  of  manufactures ;  but  Han- 
nibal, Cape  Girardeau,  Kansas  City,  Joplin,  St.  Joseph, 
Lexington,  &c.,  are  developing  these  and  similar  industries. 
Pork-packing  is  an  important  interest  here. 

Railroads. — In  1852,  when  the  first  railroad  of  Missouri 
was  opened,  there  were  38  miles  of  track ;  in  1855,  139 
miles ;  in  1860,  817  miles ;  in  1870,  2000  miles ;  in  1886, 
4988  miles;  in  1890,  6142  miles.  Several  iron  railroad 
bridges  span  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers,  and  the 
roads  connect  with  all  important  points  in  the  W.,  S.,  and 
S.W.,  as  well  as  eastward.  The  steam  navigation  of  the 
rivers  is  of  late  quite  Subsidiary  to  the  railroad  business. 

Finances. — The  bonded  state  debt,  January  1,  1891,  was 
$8,533,000.  Of  this  sum  $7,000,000  bore  interest  at  3i  per 
cent.,  and  the  remainder  at  6  per  cent.  The  school  and 
seminary  funds  are  represented  by  state  certificates  of  in- 
debtedness to  the  amount  of  $3,683,000,  of  which  $3,042,000 
yield  interest  at  6  per  cent.,  and  the  remaining  $641,000 
at  5  per  cent.  The  school  fund  has  $3,143,000  of  this  sum, 
and  the  seminary  fund  $540,000.  In  1890  there  was  a 
taxable  wealth  of  $865,691,803.44. 

The  counties,  including  St.  Louis  City  which  became 
independent  in  1875,  are  115  in  number,  viz.,  Adair,  An- 
drew, Atchison,  Audrain,  Barry,  Barton,  Bates,  Benton, 
Bollinger,  Boone,  Buchanan,  Butler,  Caldwell,  Callaway, 
Camden,  Cape  Girardeau,  Carroll,  Carter,  Cass,  Cedar,  Char- 
iton, Christian,  Clarke,  Clay,  Clinton,  Cole,  Cooper,  Craw- 


ford, Dade,  Dallas,  Daviess,  De  Ealb,  Dent,  Douglas, 
Dunklin,  Franklin,  Gasconade,  Gentry,  Greene,  Grundy, 
Harrison,  Henry,  Hickory,  Holt,  Howard,  Howell,  Iron, 
Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Enox,  Laclede,  La- 
fayette, Lawrence,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Linn,  Livingston,  Mc- 
Donald, Macon,  Madison,  Maries,  Marion,  Mercer,  Miller, 
Mississippi,  Moniteau,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan,  New 
Madrid,  Newton,  Nodaway,  Oregon,  Osage,  Ozark,  Pemis- 
cot, Perry,  Pettis,  Phelps,  Pike,  Platte,  Polk,  Pulaski, 
Putnam,  Ralls,  Randolph,  Ray,  Reynolds,  Ripley,  St. 
Charles,  St.  Clair,  St.  Francois,  St.  Genevieve,  St.  Louis, 
St.  Louis  City,  Saline,  Schuyler,  Scotland,  Scott,  Shannon, 
Shelby,  Stoddard,  Stone,  Sullivan,  Taney,  Texas,  Vernon, 
Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Webster,  Worth,  and  Wright. 

The  principal  cities  are  St.  Louis,  the  metropolis,  on  the 
Mississippi  (pop.  in  1890,  451,770) ;  Kansas  City  (pop.  in 
1890,  132,716,  including  13,048  persons  since  decided  by 
the  supreme  court  to  be  outside  the  city  limits) ;  St.  Joseph 
(52,324),  Springfield  (21,860),  Sedalia  (14,068),  Hannibal 
(12,857),  Joplin  (9943),  Moberly  (8215),  Carthage  (7981), 
Nevada  (7262),  Jefferson  City,  the  capital  (6742),  Inde- 
pendence (6380),  St.  Charles  .(6161),  Chillioothe  (5717), 
Louisiana  (5090),  besides  many  other  active  and  thriving 
places,  such  as  Webb,  Trenton,  Mexico,  Clinton,  Warrens* 
Durg,  Brookfield,  Lexington,  Fulton,  Cape  Girardeau,  Mar- 
shall, Boonville,  Marysville,  Ac. 

Government,  dbc. — The  governor  serves  for  a  term  of  two 
years.  Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  for  fixed  terms  of 
service.  Voters  must  be  able  to  read  and  write,  and  before 
registration  must  have  lived  one  year  in  the  state  and  sixty 
days  in  the  district  where  registered.  The  legislature  sits 
biennially. 

Education. — Missouri  has  an  effective  system  of  public 
education,  placed  under  the  care  of  a  state  board  and  a 
state  supenntendent,  although  the  schools  of  each  particu- 
lar locality  are  largely  under  the  control  of  the  people  of 
the  place.  Separate  schools  are  maintained  for  colored 
youth.  The  St.  Louis  schools  are  especially  successful, 
giving  instruction  in  English  and  German,  and  embracing 
day  and  evening  schools  of  all  grades,  from  the  kinder- 
garten up  to  the  high  and  the  polytechnic  school.  There 
are  normal  schools  at  St.  Louis,  Jackson,  Kirksville,  War- 
rensburg,  and  Cape  Girardeau,  a  training-school  for  colored 
teachers  at  Jefferson  City,  public  high  schools  in  many 
towns,  and  a  state  university  at  Columbia,  to  which  is 
affiliated  a  normal  college,  and  the  school  of  mines  at  Rolla. 
There  are  two  universities  at  St.  Louis,  and  one  at  Canton, 
besides  colleges  at  Cape  Girardeau,  College  Mound,  Fayette, 
Fulton,  Glasgow,  Palmyra,  Greenwood,  Hannibal,  Inde- 
pendence, Kidder,  Liberty,  St.  Joseph,  St.  Louis,  and 
Springfield,  some  of  them  well  endowed  and  embracing 
professional  and  other  departments  of  instruction.  There 
are  several  law,  medical,  and  theological  schools,  and  a 
large  number  of  denominational  and  other  private  schools. 

History. — Fort  Orleans,  near  where  Jefferson  City  stands, 
was  built  by  the  French  in  1719.  St.  Genevieve  was  set- 
tled in  1755,  and  St.  Louis  in  1764.  The  country  was  a 
part  of  the  Louisiana  province,  and  remained  under  French 
and  Spanish  authority  until  1803,  when  the  whole  province 
was  purchased  by  the  United  States.  It  formed  a  part  of 
Louisiana  Territory  until  1812,  when  it  took  the  name  of 
Missouri.  The  state  of  Missouri  was  admitted  to  the  Union 
in  1821,  after  a  protracted  and  exciting  political  struggle, 
which  ended  in  the  "Missouri  Compromise"  of  1820,  by 
which  the  new  state  was  permitted  to  retain  slavery.  That 
part  of  the  former  territory  which  was  not  made  a  portion 
of  the  state  retained  the  name  of  Missouri  Territory  until 
1854.  It  extended  northward  to  British  America  and 
westward  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  state  did  not  re- 
ceive its  exact  present  limits  until  1835.  Missouri  early 
monopolized  the  once-lucrative  Santa  F6  trade,  and  became 
also  the  headquarters  of  the  hunters  and  trappers  of  the 
Far  West.  In  the  Kansas  war  of  1854  the  citizens  of  the 
western  border  took  an  active  part  against  the  free-state 
movement;  and  from  that  time  until  1865  a  partisan  war- 
fare was  kept  up,  with  few  intermissions,  gradually  widen- 
ing its  field,  until,  during  the  war  of  1861-65,  nearly  every 
part  of  the  state  was  at  times  more  or  less  exposed  to  its 
ravages.  For  more  than  ten  years  after  the  war,  certain 
members  of  the  old  gangs  of  "  bushwhackers"  lived  princi- 
pally by  acts  of  robbery  and  violence.  Missouri  never  passed 
an  ordinance  of  secession,  the  prompt  action  of  the  Ger 
mans  and  other  citizens  of  the  free-state  party  preventing 
it,  but  the  state  was  the  theatre  of  several  active  campaigns. 
Since  the  war  the  progress  of  Missouri  has  been  encour 
aging,  and  there  has  been  especially  a  multiplication  and 
widening  of  the  fields  of  industry,  which  have  already  dono 


MIS 


1858 


MIT 


much  to  derelop  the  rich  and  thus  far  comparatively  unap- 
preoiated  mineral  and  agricultural  wealth  of  the  state.  Mis- 
souri has  been  called  "the  "Pennsylvania  of  the  West;" 
and  her  rich  stores  of  coal,  iron,  zinc,  and  lead  amply  jus- 
tify the  title. 

Population. — The  original  white  stock  of  Missouri  was 
principally  of  French  origin,  and  the  early  English-speak- 
ing immigrants  were  principally  from  the  northern  tier  of 
slave  states.  There  is  at  present  a  large  and  thrifty  Ger- 
man element  in  its  population.  Many  thousands  of  people 
of  the  old  Missouri  stock  migrated  long  since  to  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  California  and  Nevada,  and  especially  Oregon, 
were  very  largely  peopled  by  them.  Pop.  in  1810,  20,845; 
in  1820,  66,586;  in  1830,  140,145;  in  1840,  383,702;  in 
1850,  682,044;  in  1860,  1,182,012;  in  1870,  1,721,295;  in 
1880,  2,168,380;  in  1890,  2,679,184. 

Missouri,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  HI. 

Missouri,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2812. 

Uissouri,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.    Pop.  820. 

Missouri  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kan- 
gas  City  <k  Northern  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kansas 
City,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Liberty.  It  has  2  churches,  a  sav- 
ings-bank, a  flour-mill,  and  2  plough-factories.     Pop.  572. 

Missouri  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co., 
Va.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Quantico.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Missouri  State  University,  a  post-office  of  Boone 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  near  Columbia. 

Missouriton,  mis-soo'r^-tpn,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  35 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Missouri  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa, 
on  or  near  the  Boyer  River,  in  St.  John  township,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Council 
Blufis,  and  about  14  miles  E.  of  Blair,  Neb.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banking-houses,  a  graded  school,  and  3 
churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  2797. 

Mistas'sa,  a  river  of  Quebec,  falls  into  Lake  St.  John. 
It  is  navigable  for  large  boats  for  many  miles,  and  farther 
up  for  bark  canoes. 

Mistassini,  mis-tas-see'ne,  a  large  lake  of  British 
North  America,  Canada,  close  to  the  height  of  land  which 
divides  the  waters  of  the  Saguenay  from  those  flowing  into 
Hudson's  Bay,  in  lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  72°  to  73°  W.  This  lake 
forms  the  head-waters  of  Rupert  River,  flowing  into  James's 
Bay.  The  extent  of  this  lake  is  but  imperfectly  known, 
but  its  length  cannot  be  much,  if  any,  less  than  a  hundred 
miles.  It  appears,  however,  to  be  comparatively  narrow, 
being  probably  not  more  than  15  miles  wide. 

Mistassini  ("The  Large  Rock")  River,  a  river  of 
Quebec,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  rivers,  the  Wash- 
ieamiscou  and  the  Kakissagan,  and  runs  into  the  N.W.  side 
of  Lake  St.  John,  about  3  miles  from  the  river  Ashuap- 
mouchouan.  It  is  about  3  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  in- 
cluding a  group  of  islets,  but  is  extremely  shallow.  It  is 
also  called  the  Riviere  de  Sable,  or  Sand  River. 

Mistek,  mis'tfik,  a  town  of  Moravia,  50  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Olmutz.     Pop.  3303. 

Mistelbach,  mis't^l-bJK^  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Zaya,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  2401.  It 
has  a  college  of  the  Barnabites  and  a  hospital. 

Misterbiauco,  mis't5R-be-in'ko,  a  town  of  Sicily,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  5678. 

Misti,  mis'tee,  a  volcanic  mountain  of  Peru,  a  few  miles 
N.E.  of  Arequipa.  Height,  18,538  feet.  The  name  Misti 
is  also  less  correctly  given  to  the  volcano  of  Huayna  Putina, 
90  miles  S.E.  of  Arequipa.     Height,  17,454  feet. 

Mistra,  mis'tri,  or  Misitra,  mis'^-tri,  a  town  of 
Greece,  Morea,  capital  of  Lacedsemon,  on  the  side  of  a  hill 
crowned  by  its  citadel,  30  miles  S.  of  Tripolitza.  Pop. 
1500.  About  6  miles  N.E.  are  the  remains  of  ancient 
Sparta,  scattered  for  about  a  mile  over  five  low  hills. 

Mistretta,  mis-trSt't4  (anc.  Amaatra,  Ameatratus,  and 
Myttiitratum),  a  town  of  Sicily,  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mes- 
sina. It  occupies  a  lofty  eminence  on  the  Regitano,  and 
in  its  vicinity  is  a  petroleum  spring.     Pop.  11,218. 

Mita,  mee't&,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  in  the  department 
of  Chiquimula.     Pop.  3300. 

Mitau,  mee'tSw,  or  Mittau,  mit't5w  (L.  Mittavia ;  Let- 
tish, Jeigiaca,  yfil-gi'vi),  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  Cour- 
land,  on  the  Aa,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Riga,  and  350  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg. 
Lat.  56°  39'  N. ;  ion.  23°  44'  E.  Pop.  30,000,  half  of  whom 
are  of  German  descent.  It  covers  a  large  space,  of  which, 
however,  a  considerable  portion  is  occupied  by  gardens;  it  is 


indififerently  built,  the  houses  being  chiefly  of  wood,  many  of 
the  streets  narrow  and  crooked,  but  some  also  wide,  straight, 
and  regular.  The  most  interesting  building  is  the  castle,  or 
palace,  which  stands  on  an  island  surrounded  by  the  canals 
of  the  Aa.  Among  the  other  buildings  and  institutions  may 
be  mentioned  churches,  synagogues,  a  museum,  a  library, 
an  observatory,  a  gymnasium  with  9  professors,  a  society  of 
literature,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  and  a  lunatic  asylum,  a 
casino,  and  a  theatre.  Its  manufactures  include  linen, 
hosiery,  soap,  and  leather ;  and  its  trade  is  important. 

Mitcheldean,  a  town  of  England.  See  Dean  Mitchel. 

Mitch'ell,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  507  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 

Jroducts.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Savannah, 
'lorida  &,  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Camilla.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6633;  in  1880,  9392;  in  1890,  10,906. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  borders  on 
Minnesota.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cedar  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Little 
Cedar  River  and  the  West  Branch  of  the  Wapsipinicon.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  com, 
hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  lime- 
stone underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Winona  k  South- 
western Railroad,  and  its  N.W.  corner  is  crossed  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago, 
St.  Paul  &,  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Osage.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9582;  in  1880,  14,363;  in  1890,  13,299. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Solomon 
River,  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  which  unite  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  this  county.  It  is  also  drained  by  Limestone 
and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  About  98  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  Capital,  Beloit.  Pop.  in  1870,485; 
in  1875,  5370;  in  1880,  14,911;  in  1890,  15,037. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  324  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Nolachucky  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Excellent  iron  and  micEL  are 
mined,  and  asbestos  is  abundant.  Capital,  Bakersville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4705 ;  in  1880,  9435 ;  in  1890,  12,807. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the 
Colorado  River,  and  watered  by  North  and  South  Champion, 
Hackberry,  and  Morgan  Creeks.  The  surface  is  rolling 
prairie,  with  fertile  valleys.  Stock-raising  is  the  chief 
industry.  Salt  is  found  here.  Capital,  Colorado.  Pop.  in 
1880,  117;  in  1890,  2059. 

Mitchell,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  64  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Vincennes,  and  61  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1583. 

Mitchell,  a  post- village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Charles 
City  with  Mona,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City,  and  4 
or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  bank,  a  woollen  mill, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  309. 

Mitchell,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Mitchell,  a  station  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Ciroleville. 

Mitchell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davison  co.,  S.D., 
at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Yankton. 
It  has  a  university,  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  broom- 
factory,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  paint, 
paper,  and  cigars.  Four  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  2217. 

Mitchell,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  oo.,  Tenn. 

Mitchell,  a  village  in  Perth  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the  river 
Thames,  with  a  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Goderich.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  branch 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries,  saw-,  grist-,  woollen-, 
flax-,  and  oatmeal-mills,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  1802. 

Mitchell  River,  a  stream  of  Australia,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Victoria,  is  formed  by  the  Dargo  and  the  Wonnon- 
gotta,  flows  S.  and  S.E.,  and  reaches  Lake  King,  a  seaside 
lagoon.     Length,  to  the  head  of  the  Dargo,  105  miles. 

Mitchell's,  a  station  on  the  Denver  «fc  Boulder  Valley 
Railroad,  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Boulder,  Col. 

Mitch'ellsburg,  a  post-village  of  Boyle  oo.,  Kjr.,  on 


MIT 


1854 


MIZ 


the  EnozTille  Braoich  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 86  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Mitchell's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Montgomery. 

Mitchell's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Tioga  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Corning. 

Mitchell's  Mill,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Mitchell's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Attala  co..  Miss.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Kosciusko.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Mitchell's  Mills,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Dimonville. 

Mitchell's  Peak,  North  Carolina,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Black  Mountains,  in  Yancey  co.,  about  3  miles  W.  of  the 
Blue  Ridge.  It  is  sometimes  called  the  Black  Dome.  Its 
altitude  is  computed  to  be  6707  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mitchell's  Salt-Works,  a  post-office  of  JefiFerson 
CO.,  0.,  11  miles  S.  of  Hammondsville. 

Mitchell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala,, 
on  the  Montgomery  <&  Eufaula  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Montgomery. 

Mitchell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  co.,  Ya., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Culpeper 
Court-House.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Mitch'ellstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  25  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cork.    It  has  a  church  and  a  college.    Pop.  2743. 

Mitchellstown  Caves,  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mitchellstown,  are  a  large  and  fine  series 
of  stalactitic  caverns. 

Mitch'ellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  111.,  on 
Saline  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg. 

Mitchellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  lumber-mill,  &o. 

Mitchellsville,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Mitch'ellton,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Oa. 

Mitch'elltree,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1026.     It  is  traversed  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River. 

Mitch'ellville,  a  post-village  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  is  i  of  a  mile  N.  of  Mitchellville  Station 
on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad.  It  has  a  seminary,  a 
bank,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  patent  spring  beds. 
Pop.  in  1890,  704. 

Mitchellville,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
i  mile  from  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad. 

Mitchellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo., 
about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Mitch'ie,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  40  miles  below  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Pop.  799.  Mitchie  Post-Office  is  opposite  Selma  Land- 
ing, Mo. 

Mitelius  (m^-tel'e-us)  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  runs  northeastward  in  Wasco  co.,  and  enters 
the  Des  Chutes  River. 

Mith'o,  or  Myth'o,  a  town  of  French  Cochin  China, 
capital  of  Mitho  province,  and  the  second  town  in  the  col- 
ony, on  the  principal  delta-branch  of  the  Mekong  River,  23 
miles  from  the  sea.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Mitia,  one  of  the  Society  Islands.     See  Matia. 

Mitiero,  me-te-&'ro,  or  Mittiaro,  mit-te-&'ro,  one  of 
the  Cook  Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  20°  1'  S.  j 
Ion.  157°  34'  W.     Length,  about  4  miles. 

Mitla,  mit'li,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  26  miles 
£.  of  Oajaca,  on  the  table-land  of  Mixtecapan.  It  has 
extensive  remains  of  ancient  tombs  and  other  edifices,  in 
one  place  distinguished  from  all  other  Mexican  ruins  by 
columns  supporting  a  roof. 

Mi'tre  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  of  S.E.  point,  11° 
65'  S.,  Ion.  170°  20'  W.,  is  named  after  promontories  resem- 
bling a  mitre  and  steeple. 

Mitri,  me'tree,  a  town  of  Belooohistan,  province  of 
Cutch-Gundava,  N.  of  B'hag. 

Mitrovitza,  me-tro-veet'si,  a  town  of  Servia,  75  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Uskup. 

Mitrowicz,  Mitrovicz,  or  Mitrowitz,  mit'ro-vits^ 
(Hun.  Demetrovicze,  di^miHroVeet'si^),  a  town  of  Austro- 
Hungary,  Slavonian  military  frontier,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Peterwardeia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Save.  Pop.  6942. 
It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  3  Greek  ohurohes,  a  high 
school,  and  numerous  Roman  antiquities. 

Mitsoo,  a  lake  of  Japan.     See  Oits. 

MitUagong'  Range,  a  range  of  hills  in  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  of  Camden. 

Mittan,  or  Mittaw,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mitac. 

3Iittelbach,  mit't§l-b4K^,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle 
of  Zwickau,  bailiwick  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1762. 


Mittelberg,  mit'tel-bSRO^  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Vor- 
arlberg,  district  of  Bregenzerwald.     Pop.  1500. 

Mittel-Diirnten,  Switzerland.    See  DUhnten. 

Mittelmeer.    See  Meditebramean. 

Mittel-Schonbach,  Bohemia.     See  Schonbach. 

Mittelwalde,  mit't^l-^ird^h,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  on  the  Neisse,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Neisse.     Pop.  2476. 

Mittelwalde,  or  Mittenwalde,  mit't^n-^ird^h,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potsdam.    Pop.  2161. 

Mitt  el  z  ell,  an  island  of  Baden.    See  Reichenau. 

Mitteuwald,  mit'tQn-w&lt\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Isar,  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1685. 

Mittenwalde,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Mittelwalde. 

Mitterburg,  a  town  of  lUyria.    See  Pisino. 

Mitterteich,  mit't^r-tiK^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper 
Franconia,  E.  of  Baireuth.     Pojp.  1936. 

Mittiaro,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Mitiero. 

Mittiiuee,  mit^e-mee',  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Chad,  with  upwards  of  50  wells. 

Mittineague,  mit^te-neeg',  a  post-village  in  West 
Springfield  township,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Westfield 
River,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cotton-mill,  and  3  paper-mills. 

Mit'ton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  3  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Clitheroe.     Pop.  of  parish,  3550. 

Mitton,  or  Mittou  ana  Stour'port,  a  town  of 
England,  in  Worcestershire,  on  the  Severn,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Stour,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kidderminster.  It  includes 
the  town  of  Stourport  and  the  adjacent  hamlets  of  Upper 
and  Lower  Mitton. 

Mittun»Kote,  mit'tiin-kot',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  ou 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus,  in  lat.  28°  64'  N.,  Ion.  70"  26'  E. 
Pop.  4000.     It  is  surrounded  by  date-groves. 

Mittweida,  mitt'^rd&,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwiokau,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Leipsic,  on  the  Zschoppau,  an 
affluent  of  the  Mulde.  It  hais  extensive  manufactures  of 
woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  8845. 

Mittweida,  a  village  of  Saxony,  64  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leipsic.     Pop.  1086. 

Mitylene,  mit-e-lee'nee,  or  Metelin,  m£t-e-leen'  (anc. 
Les'hoe ;  Gr.  Aecr^ov),  an  island  of  the  Mge&n  Sea,  belong- 
ing to  Turkey,  near  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  mostly  between 
lat.  39°  and  39°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  25°  50'  and  26°  35'  E. 
Estimated  area,  276  square  miles.  Pop.  40,000.  Two  bays 
indent  it  on  the  S.  side,  and  it  has  good  harbors  and  a  fer- 
tile soil.  A  range  of  mountains  traversing  it  is  clothed 
with  pine  woods,  and  at  their  base  are  many  olive-grounds 
and  vineyards,  but  the  island  was  greatly  devastated  during 
the  Greek  struggle.  The  principal  products  are  oil  and 
pine  timber,  with  some  grapes,  figs,  cotton,  and  pitch;  its 
wine,  anciently  famous,  is  now  inferior ;  and  the  corn  raised 
is  insufficient  for  the  inhabitants.  Principal  towns,  Castro 
(or  Mitylene)  and  Molivo.  Theophrastus,  Pittacus,  Alcseus, 
and  Sappho  were  natives  of  this  island.     See  Castro. 

Mius,  mee-oos'  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
of  the  government  of  Yekaterinoslav,  and  falls  by  a  wide 
estuary  into  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Mixares,  a  river  and  town  of  Spain.    See  Mijares. 

Mixas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Mijas. 

Mixco,  mix'ko,  a  village  of  Guatemala,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
the  city  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  4000. 

Mix'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about 
26  miles  S.  of  Richmond. 

Mix  Run,  a  station  in  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Mixstadt,  mix'st&tt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and 
80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1458. 

Mixtecapan,  niix-tiL-k&-p&n',  a  table-land  of  Mexico, 
occupying  most  part  of  the  department  of  Oajaca,  between 
the  plains  of  Mexico  and  La  Puebla  and  the  Isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec.  Average  elevation,  5000  feet.  In  its  S.  part 
it  is  traversed  by  several  broad  valleys  extending  E.  and 
W.     On  it  is  the  city  of  Oajaca;  also  the  ruins  of  Mitla. 

Mix'town,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co..  Pa. 

Mix'ville  (West  Cheshire  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  in  Cheshire  township,  1^  miles  from 
Cheshire  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  brass-rolling-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  chisels,  drawing-knives,  Ac. 

Miya,  mee'y&,  a  seaport  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Nagoya,  on  the  Bay  of  Ovari.  It  has  a 
large  trade.     Pop.  12,000. 

Miyandab,  me-y&n-d&b',  a  highly-cultivated  plain  in 
Persia,  Azerbaijan,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah. 

Miyarisima,  me-y&-re-see'm&,  an  island  of  Japan, 
S.S.E.  of  Nokisima,  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 

Mizantla,  me-s&n'tl&,a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Jalapa,  on  a  plateau  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 


MIZ 


1855 


MOC 


Miz'eu  Head  (ano.  No'tium  Promonto'rium),  a  cape 
•f  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork.     Lat.  61<»  27'  N. ;  Ion.  Q"  60'  W. 

Mizhiritch,  or  M^iritch,  me-je-ritoh',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  79  miles  N.W.  of  Khatrkov.  Pop. 
about  8000.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and  has  3  annual 
fairs,  at  which  large  quantities  of  woollen  cloths  are  sold. 

Mizhirizch,  or  Mijiritch,  a  town  of  Russia,  gorem- 
ment  of  Kiev,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cherkasee. 

Mizque,  mees'ki,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of 
Cochabamba,  32  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Coohabamba. 

Mizr,  or  Mizraim,  Africa.    See  Egypt. 

Mlava^  or  Mlawa,  m'li'vi,  a  river  of  Servia,  joins 
the  Danube  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Semeudria,  after  a  N.  course 
of  50  miles. 

]tllava«  or  Mlawa^  m'I&'v3,,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plook.     Pop.  6134. 

Mniseky  m'nee'sSk,  or  Muischeck,  m'nish'dk,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1000. 

Moa,  mo'&,  an  island  of  Cuba,  on  its  N.  coast,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Baracoa. 

Moa,  an  island  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago.  Lat.  8°  15' 
S. ;  Ion.  128°  6'  E.     Length,  20  miles. 

Moa^  or  Sierra  de  Moa,  se-^R'RlL  di  mo'&,  a  moun- 
tain-range in  the  island  of  Cuba,  30  miles  W.  of  Baracoa. 

Moar,  mo-ar',  a  river  of  Malacca,  enters  the  ocean  after 
a  course  of  100  miles. 

Mo'arky  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clay  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Missouri  line,  on  the  Cairo  Sc  Fulton  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.  of  Poplar  Bluff,  Mo.,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Corning.     P.  80. 

Moatej  mot,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  9  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Athlone.     Pop.  1531. 

Moawequa,  a  village  of  Illinois.    See  Mowbaqua. 

Mobaruckpoor,  India.    See  Mubabakpoor. 

Mo'berly^  a  post-village  of  Randolph  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &,  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Northern  division  of  the  first-named  road,  23  miles  S. 
of  Macon,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mexico,  and  38  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Boonville.  A  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  11 
churches,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  and 
tobacco,  and  railroad  machine-  and  car-shops.     Pop.  1514. 

Mobile,  mo-beel',  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Ala- 
bama, borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  about  1234 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Mobile  River 
and  Mobile  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  state  of  Mississippi. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Bsoatawpa  River.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  forests. 
The  soil  is  sandy.  Lumber,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  pota- 
toes are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Louisville  A  Nashville,  and  East  Ten- 
nessee, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroads,  all  of  which  centre 
at  Mobile,  the  capital,  which  is  also  connected  with  Spring 
Hill  by  the  Mobile  &,  Spring  Hill  Railway.  Pop.  in  1870, 
49,311 ;  in  1880,  48,653;  in  1890,  61,587. 

Mobile,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Mobile  co., 
Ala.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mobile  River,  at  its  en- 
trance into  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  30  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  165  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  Orleans,  178  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Montgomery,  and  1033  miles  from  Washington. 
Lat.  30°  41'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  87°  69'  W.  It  is  by  far  the  most 
considerable  city  of  the  state  in  population  and  commerce, 
and  ranks  third  as  a  cotton-market  in  the  United  States. 
The  site  is  a  level  sandy  plain,  sufficiently  elevated  for 
convenient  drainage,  being  about  16  feet  higher  than  the 
bay.  The  streets  are  wide,  and  mostly  extend  N.  and  S.  or 
E.  and  W.  Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  planting  shade- 
trees,  and  the  city  is  supplied  with  spring  water  brought 
from  a  distance  of  several  miles.  It  is  not  compactly  built, 
except  the  portion  occupied  by  the  commercial  bouses.  On 
the  S.  and  W.  sides  of  the  city  are  dry,  sandy  pine  hills, 
which  afibrd  agreeable  retreats  during  the  hot  season. 

Though  a  commercial  rather  than  a  manufacturing  city, 
Mobile  had  in  1890,  according  to  the  census  returns,  229 
manufacturing  establishments,  employing  2331  hands,  the 
aggregate  capital  being  $1,450,373,  and  the  value  of  the 
products  for  the  year  being  $2,872,017.  The  most  important 
of  the  establishments  are  4  flouring-mills,  with  a  capital 
of  $83,610,  yielding  a  product  of  $198,400 ;  5  foundries 
and  machine-shops  (capital  $96,605,  product  $112,960), 
9  lumber-mills  (capital  $564,910,  product  $937,499),  12 
printing  and  publishing  concerns  (capital  $103,488,  prod- 
uct $88,377),  3  saddle-  and  harness-making  establishments 
(capital  $92,720,  product  $107,880),  12  tobacco-  and  cigar- 
works  (capital  $69,790,  product  $63,882),  and  numerous 
minor  establishments.  It  has  about  30  churches,  a  cathe- 
iral,  the  state  medical  college,  several  academies,  a  city 


hospital,  a  United  States  marine  hospital,  a  theatre,  a 
custom-house,  4  orphan  asylums,  an  infirmary,  2  national 
banks,  6  state  banks,  6  fire  and  marine  insurance  compa- 
nies, 2  life  insurance  companies,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  several  weekly  newspapers. 

Mobile  has  an  advantageous  position  for  trade,  being  the 
natural  outlet  of  the  greatest  cotton  region  in  the  United 
States.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  at  all  seasons  between 
this  port  and  Montgomery  on  the  Alabama  River  and  Tus- 
caloosa on  the  Black  Warrior.  During  winter  and  spring 
they  ascend  as  high  aa  Columbus  on  the  Tombigbee  River. 
Other  steamers  run  once  a  week  to  New  Orleans  via  Lakes 
Borgne  and  Pontchartrain.  This  city  is  the  S.  terminus 
of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  is  472  miles  long  and 
forms  part  of  the  direct  route  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to 
the  great  lakes.  It  is  also  directly  connected  by  railroads 
with  New  Orleans  and  Montgomery  and  other  pointa  in 
the  interior.  The  harbor  has  been  improved  by  the  United 
States  government,  and  is  now  so  deep  that  vessels  drawing 
13  feet  of  water  can  come  to  the  wharves.  The  draft  of 
vessels  that  can  safely  enter  the  port  or  bay  is  about  21 
feet.  From  300,000  to  400,000  bales  of  cotton  pass  through 
the  port  of  Mobile  annually,  and  there  are  also  exported 
large  quantities  of  lumber,  staves,  shingles,  and  naval 
stores.  The  total  value  of  exports  per  annum  averages 
about  $4,000,000,  and  of  imports  about  $100,000.  The 
export  trade  of  the  city  is  principally  to  the  South  Ameri- 
can republics,  Cuba,  and  the  British  West  Indies.  The 
shipping  of  the  port  amounts  to  about  10,000  tons  regis- 
tered, of  which  more  than  one-half  is  enrolled  and  licensed. 

Mobile  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Spain  in  1813. 
It  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1814,  and  a  city  charter 
was  granted  in  1819.  Pop.  in  1840, 12,672  ;  in  1860, 29,258  ; 
in  1870,  32,034;  in  1880,  29,132;  in  1890,  31,076. 

Mobile  Bay,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama,  extends 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  northward  about  36  miles  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Mobile  River.  The  width  varies  from  8  miles 
to  18,  the  widest  part  being  nearest  the  Gulf.  The  main 
channel,  by  which  vessels  enter  the  bay,  is  between  Dau- 
phin Island  on  the  W.,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  which  is  Fort 
Gaines,  and  Mobile  Point  on  the  E.,  on  which  is  Fort  Mor- 
gan, an  important  fortress.  On  this  point  is  also  a  revolving 
light  55  feet  high. 

Mobile  River,  Alabama,  is  formed  by  the  Alabama 
and  Tombigbee  Rivers,  which  unite  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Clarke  oo.  It  runs  southward,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
6  miles,  divides  into  two  channels,  the  Mobile  and  the  Ten- 
saw,  the  former  of  which  is  the  larger  and  more  western. 
It  forms  the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Mobile  and 
Baldwin,  and  enters  Mobile  Bay.  It  is  nearly  46  miles 
long,  and  is  navigable  for  large  steamboats. 

Mob'ley  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Qa.,  about 
50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

Mob'ley's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1278. 

Mocaranga,  or  Mocarangaa.    See  Monouotapa. 

Moc'casin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  Branch  of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad, 
69  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  Moccasin  township, 
1088.     It  has  2  churches. 

Moccasin  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Wilson  and  Greene  cos.,  and  enters  Content- 
nea  Creek. 

Mocchie,  mok'kyi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  on  the  Dora  Ripaira.     Pop.  of  commune,  2410. 

Mocejon,  or  Mocexon,  mo-thi-nSn',  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  7  miles  from  Toledo.     Pop.  2200. 

Mocha,  mo'chi,  an  island  of  Chili,  off  the  coast.  Lat. 
of  S.  summit,  38°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  74°  W.  Length,  8  miles.  At 
its  N.  end  is  a  peak  1230  feet  in  height. 

Mocha,  or  Mokha,  mo'k%  (Arab.  pron.  mo'si*),  a  for- 
tified seaport  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  Red  Sea,  55 
miles  N.N.W.  of  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  Lat.  13° 
20'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  12'  B.  Pop.  7000.  It  has  a  small  bay, 
adapted  for  vessels  of  10  or  12  feet  burden.  It  exports 
annually  about  10,000  tons  of  the  finest  coffee  to  Jiddah, 
Suez,  and  Bombay,  with  dates,  gums,  senna,  horns,  hides, 
balm,  ivory,  and  gold-dust,  and  imports  rice,  piece-goods, 
iron,  hardwares,  slaves,  and  ghee  from  Abyssinia,  whence 
many  of  its  exported  goods  are  brought  to  Mocha. 

Mocha,  a  country  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Abyssinia. 

MOckern,  mok'^rn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  13 
miles  E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ehle.     Pop.  1632. 

Mock'eson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Tenn.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski. 

Mockmiihl,  mok'miil,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 
Jaxt,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.B.  of  Neckarsulm 
Pop.  2001. 


MOC 


1856 


MOE 


Mock's  Mills,  a  post-oflSce  of  "Washington  co.,  Va. 

Mock's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  from  Independence.     It  has  a  church. 

Mocks 'Till  e,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Davie  co.,  N.C., 
in  Mocksville  township,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  tannery,  a  seminary,  and  a  tobacco- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  20i6. 

Mock'ville,  a  post-office  of  Early  co.,  Ga. 

MockAvanpoor,  Nepaul.    See  Muckwanpoob. 

Moclin,  mok-leen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Glranada,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name.  It 
was  once  a  Moorish  fortress,  called,  from  its  strength,  the 
Shield  of  Granada.     Pop.  677. 

Moclinejo,  or  Moclinexo,  mok-le-n&'HO,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  10  miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  1246. 

Mo^como'co,  a  maritime  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its  W. 
coast.     Lat.  20°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  101°  10'  E. 

Moconesi,  mo-ko-ni'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  division 
of  Genoa,  2  miles  from  Cicagna.     Pop.  2329. 

Mocsa,  mo'chfihS  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.,  and  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Komorn.     Pop.  2888. 

Modain,  moMin',  written  also  Madain  and  Meda- 
jin,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bagdad, 
on  the  Tigris,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Ctes'iphon, 

Mo'dale,  a  post-village  in  Taylor  township,  Harrison 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles 
N.  of  Omaha,  and  2  miles  from  the  Missouri  River.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  stores. 

Modane,  mo-d&'ni,  a  town  of  France,  Savoy,  on  the 
Arc,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne,  3500  feet 
above  the  sea.     Pop.  1322. 

Mod'bury,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Erme,  Hi  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  1858. 

Mode,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holland  township,  Shelby  co., 
111.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Mo^dell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
N.  of  Wa  Keeney  Station.   It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Modena,  mod'in-&  (Fr.  Modine,  mo^dain' ;  anc.  Mu'- 
tina),  a  fortified  city  of  Northern  Italy,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, at  a  railway  junction,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bologna. 
Pop.  56,200.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  a  citadel, 
with  streets  bordered  by  arcades,  and  its  ramparts  form 
pleasant  public  walks.  Principal  edifices,  the  palace,  a 
splendid  building,  with  a  picture-gallery,  fine  gardens,  an 
extensive  library,  the  Biblioteca  Eatense,  of  which  Muratori 
and  Tiraboschi  were  successively  librarians,  containing 
120,000  volumes  and  3000  manuscripts,  a  cathedral,  with 
curious  sculptures  and  a  fine  campanile,  in  which  is  pre- 
served the  famous  wooden  bucket  the  cause  of  feuds  be- 
tween the  Modenese  and  Bolognese  in  1325,  a  theatre,  and 
public  baths.  Its  university  comprises  a  school  of  theology, 
law,  medicine,  and  mathematics.  It  has  an  observatory, 
rich  cabinets,  an  art  school,  and  a  botanic  garden.  It  is 
connected  by  a  navigable  canal  with  the  Panaro,  and  has 
manufactures  of  hempen  and  woollen  cloths,  hats,  glass, 
and  leather;  its  silk-manufacture,  once  important,  has  de- 
clined. Mutina  existed  under  the  Etruscans,  and  rose  to 
such  splendor  under  the  Romans  as  to  call  forth  a  eulogy 
from  Cicero.  It  was  repeatedly  sacked  by  the  Northern 
invaders,  whose  ravages  have  left  few  vestiges  of  its  ancient 
grandeur.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  was  for  four  cen- 
turies the  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Modena,  which  in  1860 

was  made  a  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Modbnksb,  mod^eh-neez'  (It.  pron.  mo-di-ni'si). 

Modena,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  and  a  part  of 
the  former  duchy  of  Modena.  Capital,  Modena.  Area, 
966  square  miles.     Pop.  273,231. 

Modena,  mo-de'na  or  mod'e-na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark 
CO.,  111.,  in  Toulon  township,  on  the  Spoon  River,  about  35 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church. 

Modena,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Modena,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Mill  Grove  Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Modena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Modena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &  Reading  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Wilming- 
ton, and  38  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  are  2  paper- 
mills  on  Brandywine  Creek,  and  near  by  are  3  churches. 

Modena,  a  post-township  of  Bufifalo  co.,  Wis.,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Wabasha,  Minn.,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eau  Claire.     Pop.  785. 

Mod^ne,  the  French  for  Modena. 

Moder,  mo'der  (Fr.  pron.  moMaiB'),  a  river  of  Alsace, 
rises  on  the  B.  side  of  the  Vosges  Mountains,  flows  S.S.E., 


and,  after  a  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Rhine  17  miles 
below  Strasburg. 

Modern,  mo'd^rn,  Modor,  mo'dor,  Madra,  mdh  - 
dr6h\  or  Modra,  mo'dri,  a  walled  town  of  West  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Presburg.  Pop.  5066.  It 
has  a  Protestant  college. 

Modes'to,  a  prosperous  post-village,  capital  of  Stanis- 
laus CO.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  Visalia  division  of  the  Central  Pa^- 
cific  Railroad,  in  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  near  the  Tuol- 
umne River,  30  miles  S.  of  Stockton,  and  102  miles  E.S.E» 
of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a 
brick  court-house  which  cost  $60,000,  4  churches,  and  a 
fine  brick  school-house.     Pop.  about  2500. 

fliod'est  Town,  a  post-village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va., 
about  3  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Crisfield,  Md.  It  has  2  churches,  some  general  stores, 
and  a  cabinet-shop. 

Modica,  mod'e-k&  (anc.  Motuca,  Motyca,  or  Mutyca),  a 
town  of  Sicily,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Syracuse,  in  the  Val  di 
Noto.  Pop.  34,723.  It  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  large  square, 
some  handsome  mansions,  a  castle,  and  several  churches 
and  convents.  It  exports  grain,  oil,  wine,  and  cheese,, 
mostly  to  Malta.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  valley  of  Ip'siea  or 
Is'pica,  remarkable  for  its  dwellings  excavated  in  the  rock 

Modicia,  or  Modoeta,  Italy.    See  Monza. 

Modigliana,mo-deel-yi'ni(anc.£7a«'erMm  Jfu'tt7u»».»)r 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Florence,  on 
the  Marzeno,  N.  of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  6742.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches  and  convents,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Modinalla,  mo-de-nil'14,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  on 
the  Senegal,  in  lat.  15°  55'  N.,  Ion.  13°  5'  W.,  inhabited 
by  Maraboots  of  the  Moorish  nation  of  the  Dowiches. 

Modlin,  mod'lin,  a  fortress  of  Poland,  province  of  Plock, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Bug  and  Vistula,  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Warsaw,  erected  in  1807.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest  places' 
in  the  Russian  dominions. 

Modling,  mod'ling,  or  Medling,  mdd'ling,  a  town  of 
Lower  Austria,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  railway  to 
Gratz.     Pop.  4357. 

Mo'doc,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Cali- 
fornia, borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  4198  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  Pitt  River,  which  runs  S.W.,  and  contains 
several  lakes.  Goose  Lake,  a  large  body  of  water,  is  partly 
in  this  county.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous  or  hilly, 
and  partly  occupied  by  lava-beds,  a  volcanic  formation. 
Capital.  Alturas.     Pop.  in  1880^  4399;  in  1890,  4986. 

Modoc,  a  post-omce  of  Phillips  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mia- 
sissippi  River. 

Modoc,  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  at  Ni  Wot= 
Station  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Longmont.     See  also  Ni  Wot. 

Modoc,  a  post-office  of  Audrain  co..  Mo. 

Modon,  mo'don  (anc.  Metho'ne),  a  town  of  Greece^ 
Morea,  6  miles  S.  of  Navarino.  It  has  a  small  port,  with 
an  open  roadstead  between  it  and  the  island  of  Sapienza. 

Modor,  or  Modra,  Hungary.    See  Modern. 

ModoSf  moMosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Toron 
tal,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  4866. 

Modngno,  mo-doon'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Bari.  Pop.  9082.  It  has  manufactories 
of  woollen  and  cotton  cloths,  and  tanneries. 

Modum,  mo'doom,  a  village  of  Norway,  on  the  Dram- 
men,  25  miles  W.  of  Christiania.  Near  it  are  important 
cobalt-mines  and  extensive  manufactures  of  smalt. 

Modnra,  the  ancient  name  of  Madura. 

Modurli,  mo-door'lee,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  24  mile* 
S.W.  of  Boli. 

'  Moe,  mo,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Morris.  Moe  township  contains  many  small  lakes. 
Pop.  417. 

Moeletivoe,  a  town  of  Ceylon.     See  Malativo. 

Moelmyne,  a  town  of  British  Burmah.  See  Maulmain^ 

Moen,  mo'§n  (L.  Mo'na  Virgin'ia  Ban'ica),  an  island 
of  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  with  a  light-house  on  the  S.E. 
point,  lat.  54°  57'  N.,  Ion.  12°  36'  36"  E.,  separated  N.W. 
from  Seeland  by  the  Ulfsund,  and  S.  from  Falster  by  the 
Gronsund,  each,  where  narrowest,  about  1  mile  across. 
Area,  87  square  miles.  Pop.  13,600.  Its  E.  coast  is  a  pre- 
cipitous limestone  barrier,  500  feet  above  the  sea,  and 
termed  the  Moensklint.  Chief  town,  Stege,  with  a  harbor 
on  the  N.W.  coast. 

Mden,  mo'^n.  Moon,  or  Mohn,  mon,  an  island  of 
Russia,  in  Esthonia,  between  the  island  of  Oesel  and  the 
mainland,  40  miles  in  length  and  in  breadth. 

Moen,  moon,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  ft 
miles  S.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2200. 

Moena,  moo'n&,  or,  more  correctly,  Muna,  called  alM 


MOE 


1857 


MOH 


Pangansane)  Pangansene,  p&ng'g&n-s&n',  or  Pan- 
jasang)  p&n^y&-s&ng',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Arobipel- 
ago,  off  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Celebes^  about  lat  5°  S.,  Ion. 
122°  30'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60  miles;  average 
breadth,  16  miles. 

Moefiemoezi)  Africa.    See  Monouoezi. 

MoerbekC)  mooR'bi-k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1600. 

Moerbeke,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  East 
Flanders,  on  a  canal,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4500. 

Moerdyk,  mooR'dik\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  on  Hollands-Diep,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Breda. 

Moere,  moo'r§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1200. 

Moergestel,  mooR-Hfis't^l,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1192. 

Moerzeke,  mooR'zi-k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  19  miles  E.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt. 

MoBsia  Inferior^  the  ancient  name  of  Bulgaria. 

Moe's  (mSz)  River,  a  post-village  in  Compton  oo., 
Quebec,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  2  miles  from  Comp- 
ton. It  contains  a  church,  2  or  3  stores,  and  several  mills 
and  factories.     Pop.  120. 

Moffat,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  on  the 
Annan,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dumfries.     Pop.  1730. 

Moffat,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Sewannee  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Tracy  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  Fairmount  Female  College,  a  hotel,  and  a 
chalybeate  spring.     It  is  a  resort  of  invalids. 

Mofiat,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Moffat  Hills,  a  mountain-chain  of  Scotland,  between 
the  cos.  of  Dumfries  on  the  S.  and  Lanark  and  Peebles  on 
the  N. ;  elevation  of  Hartfell,  the  principal  summit,  2635 
feet.  The  Annan,  Tweed,  and  Clyde  Rivers  have  here  their 
sources. 

Moffatt*s  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  oo.,  Va., 
about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  leather,  &<s. 

Mof'fettsTille,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Anderson  Court-House. 

Mof'fitt's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa, 
about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Moffitt's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C., 
about  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Mof  fittsville,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.Y. 

Mo'ga,  a  town  of  India,  Ferozepoor  district.  Pop. 
4844. 

Mogadore,  Mogador,  or  Mogodor,  mog^9-d5r', 
called  Sweerah  (Snira,  or  Suirah),  swee'ri,  i.e.,  the 
"  Beautiful,"  by  the  Moors,  a  fortified  city  and  the  princi- 
pal seaport  of  Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic,  125  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Morocco.  Pop.  estimated  at  17,000,  comprising  4000 
Jews.  It  stands  on  a  rocky  promontory,  surrounded  by  a 
barren  and  sandy  region,  and  consists  of  two  parts,  each 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  the  citadel,  containing  the  residences 
of  the  governor  and  foreign  consuls,  the  custom-house, 
treasury,  Ac,  while  the  other  quarter  is  inhabited  by  the 
Jewish  population.  It  is  pretty  well  built,  is  clean  and 
well  kept,  and  its  white  edifices  render  it  handsome  as  seen 
from  the  sea.  Its  port,  S.  of  the  citadel,  is  sheltered  by 
an  island  off  the  shore,  but  it  is  not  very  deep.  It  exports 
wool,  gum,  wax,  hides,  skins,  almonds,  olive  oil,  wine, 
feathers,  gold-dust,  iron,  hardwares,  and  cotton  goods. 

Mog'adore,  a  village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pem- 
broke township,  2  miles  from  East  Pembroke  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mi}l.  Here  is 
North  Pembroke  Post-Office. 

Mogadore,  a  post-village  of  Ohio,  on  the  boundary 
between  Portage  and  Summit  cos.,  4  miles  S.  of  Talmadge 
Station,  and  about  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Akron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  stone-ware 
and  clay  pipes. 

Mogaung,  mo-gawng',  a  town  of  Burmah,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Mogaung  and  Namyang  Rivers,  70  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Bhamo. 

Mogelsberg,  mo'gh^ls-bfiRO^  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  with  several  cot- 
ton-factories and  considerable  trade.     Pop.  2930. 

Mogente,  or  Moxente,  mo-nSn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  43  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  4400. 

Moggio-di-Sotto,  mod'jo-dee-sot'to,  atown  of  Italy, 
24  miles  N.  of  Udine,  on  the  Fella.     Pop.  3615. 

Moghilev,  or  Moghilew,  Russia.    See  Moheblet. 

Moghistan,  a  region  of  Persia.     See  Ebrkan. 

Moghyani,  a  town  of  Punjab.     See  Mebngana. 

Mogi-das-Cruzes,  mo'zhee-dis-kroo'zis,  a  town  of 


Brazil,  state  and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo.  It  has 
a  handsome  parish  church  and  3  other  churches,  a  Car- 
melite convent,  a  Latin  and  a  primary  school,  manufaotures 
of  woollen  cloth,  and  a  trade  in  sugar,  rum,  ootton,  and 
coffee,  which  are  carried  by  mules  to  Santos. 

Mogi-Gaa9ii,  mo'zhee-gw&-soo',  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  and  170  miles  N.  of  S2o  Paulo,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name. 

Mogilno,  mo-ghil'no,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  2095. 

Mogi-Mirim,  mo'zhee-me-reeu"',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  115  miles  N.N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  with  a  trade  in  horses  and  cattle,  cotton, 
sugar,  and  rum.     Pop.  of  district,  6000. 

Mogliano  Yeneto,  m5l-yi'no  v4-n4'to,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  6  miles  S.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  5611. 

Moglingen,  m()g']ing-Qn,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg, 
circle  of  Neckar,  near  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  1093. 

Mogliola,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Mojola. 

Mogodor,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Mogadore. 

Mogollon  (mo-go-y5n')  Mountains,  a  range  or 
group  in  the  E.  part  of  Arizona,  between  the  Little  Colo- 
rado and  Salado  Rivera. 

Mogontiacnm,  or  Mogantiacnm.    See  Mentz. 

Mogoro,  mo-go'ro,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2112. 

Mogner,  mo-gaiR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  b 
miles  E.  of  Huelva,  with  a  port  on  the  Tinto.  Pop.  7332. 
Its  old  Franciscan  convent  is  preserved  as  a  national  mon- 
ument. Columbus,  it  is  said,  craving  charity  here,  in  1484, 
was  received  by  the  prior,  by  whose  influence  he  was  en- 
abled to  prosecute  his  discoveries. 

Mogul  (mo-gUl')  Empire  (a  corruption  of  Mongol,  or 
Mongolian),  the  name  commonly  applied  to  the  empire 
founded  in  Hindostan,  in  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  by  Baber,  a  descendant  of  Timor  or  Tamerlane. 
That  conqueror,  after  defeating  the  sultan  Ibraheem  Lodee, 
the  Afghan  sovereign  of  India,  extended  his  conquests  to 
the  mouths  of  the  Ganges,  in  1526-28.  Although  a  prince 
of  the  Toork  (or  Turki)  nation,  and  not  a  Mongol  himself, 
yet,  having  many  Mongols  in  his  army,  the  power  which 
Baber  established  became  generally  known  in  Europe  as 
the  Mogul  Empire,  and  the  reigning  sovereign  was  popu- 
larly styled  "  the  Great  Mogul."  The  seat  of  government 
was  established  at  Delhi.  Among  the  most  distinguished 
and  powerful  rulers  of  this  dynasty  was  Aurungzebe,  who 
began  to  reign  in  1658,  and  died  in  1707,  having  subjected 
to  his  sway  almost  the  entire  peninsula,  including  the  Dec- 
can,  which  had  not  before  been  conquered  by  the  Mogul 
emperors.  From  his  death  may  be  dated  the  decline  of  the 
empire;  the  last  sovereign.  Shah  AUum,  died  in  1806,  a 
pensioner  of  England. 

Mo^gnlpoor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund,  20  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  5171. 

Mogyorod,  mod^yoVod',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and 
about  10  miles  from  Pesth.     Pop.  1178. 

Moha,  mo^i',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Mehaigne.     Pop.  985. 

Mohacs,  mo^hitch',  or  Mohacz,  mo^h&ts',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya,  on  the  west  arm  of  the  Danube,  25 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen.  Pop.  12,140.  It  has  a  cas- 
tle, the  summer  residence  of  the  Bishop  of  Fiinfkirchen,  and 
a  college.  It  is  a  station  for  steamers  plying  on  the  Danube. 
The  two  great  battles  fought  near  it  may  be  considered  as 
marking  the  commencement  and  conclusion  of  the  Turkish 
power  in  Hungary.  On  August  29,  1526,  the  Ottomans, 
under  Solyman  the  Magnificent,  completely  defeated  the 
Hungarians ;  but  the  Turks  received  a  total  defeat  from  the 
Imperialists,  under  the  Duke  of  Lorraine,  at  the  second 
battle  of  Mohacz,  in  1687. 

Mohalitz,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Muhalitch. 

Mohamet-Abad,  mo-hi'mit-4-b4d',  a  village  of 
Peraia,  province  of  Azerbaijan,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Tabrees. 
It  has  a  fort  and  a  palace,  and  1000  houses,  a  few  belonging 
to  Jews  and  Armenian  Christians. 

Mohammedabad,  mo-h&m^mdd-i-b&d',  a  village  of 
Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  12  miles  S.  of  Toorboot,  with 
vestiges  of  former  fortifications,  a  citadel,  and  a  tower. 

Mohammedabad,  a  fortified  village  of  Persia,  a  little 
S.  of  Tabaa. 

Moham^medpoor',  or  Mnhammadpar,  mn-h&m'- 
med-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  a^jaoent  to  the  larger  town 
of  Barb.     Pop.  6089. 

Mohammerah,  mo-h4m'm9h-r&,  a  town  on  the  fron- 
tier of  Asiatic  Turkey  and  Peraia,  on  the  canal  between  the 
Shat-el-Arab  (Euphrates)  and  Lower  Karoon,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Bassorah. 


MOH 


1858 


MOI 


Mohari,  mo-hi'ree,  a  town  of  Bhundara  district,  India. 
Pop.  6183. 

Moharrek,  Maharay  Island.    See  Mabaray. 

Mohave,  or  Mojave,  mo-hk'vii,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Arizona.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Colorado,  which 
also  forms  its  western  boundary  for  a  distance  of  about  150 
miles,  and  it  is  partly  drained  by  Bill  Williams  River. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  presents  grand  scenery. 
Among  its  remarkable  features  is  the  grand  Canon  op  the 
Colorado  (which  see),  which  opens  all  the  series  of  geologi- 
cal strata  down  to  their  granite  foundation.  A  large  part 
of  the  soil  is  sterile.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  in  this 
county.  Area,  11,332  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Atlantic  <fe  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Kingman.  Pop. 
in  1870,  179;  in  1876,  822;  in  1880,  1190;  in  1890,  1444. 

Mohave  City*  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Colorado  River,  about  170  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pres- 
cott.     Pop.  159.     Here  is  Camp  Mojave. 

Mohave  Desert,  a  basin,  chiefly  in  the  E.  part  of 
San  Bernardino  oo.,  Cal.  It  is  reported  to  be  below  the 
sea-level.  There  is  but  little  vegetation,  and  the  water- 
supply  is  scanty. 

Mohave  (or  Mojave)  River,  a  water-course  of  San 
Bernardino  co.,  Cal.,  which,  after  a  generally  E.N.E. 
course,  disappears  in  the  Mohave  Desert. 

Mo'hawk,  a  post-village  in  German  Flats  township, 
Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River, 
and  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  near  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  opposite  Herkimer,  1  mile  from  Ilion,  and  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufac- 
tures of  pistols  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  1404. 

Mohawk,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2887.  It  contains  Fonda,,  the  county  seat,  and  a  part  of 
Tribe's  Hill. 

Mohawk,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Eugene  City.     Here  is  a  church. 

Mohawk,  or  Monut  Pleasant,  a  post- village  in 
Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on  Spring  Creek,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Brant- 
ford.     It  contains  2  hotels  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Mohawk  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Boonville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Mohawk  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  S.  border 
of  Lewis  CO.,  runs  nearly  southeastward  to  Utica,  and  in- 
tersects the  COS.  of  Oneida,  Herkimer,  and  Montgomery. 
Its  general  direction  is  E.S.E.  It  enters  the  Hudson  River 
at  Cohoes,  about  9  miles  above  Alb.any.  Two  or  3  miles 
from  its  mouth  it  forms  a  cascade  70  feet  high,  called  Cohoes 
Falls.  The  Mohawk  is  nearly  175  miles  long.  The  chief 
towns  on  its  banks  are  Rome,  Utica,  Little  Falls,  Amster- 
dam, Schenectady,  and  Cohoes.  From  Rome  to  Schenectady 
it  runs  alongside  of  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Central  Rail- 
road for  a  distance  of  92  miles.  Its  valley  is  remarkable 
for  beauty  and  fertility. 

Mohawk  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0., 
12  miles  W.  of  Coshocton.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

Moheelev,  or  Moghilev,  mo-Hee'lflv,  a  walled  town 
of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  Dnieper,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Smolensk.  Pop.  40,431, 
many  of  whom  are  Jews.  It  is  the  seat  of  Greek  and  Ro- 
man Catholic  archbishoprics,  and  has  a  fine  Greek  cathedral 
and  numerous  other  churches,  numerous  synagogues,  sev- 
eral convents,  2  episcopal  seminaries,  a  town  school,  various 
charitable  institutions,  an  extensive  export  trade  in  leather, 
hides,  wax,  honey,  corn,  and  other  agricultural  products, 
and  a  considerable  import  trade  in  thrown  silk.  Besides 
being  the  residence  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  govern- 
ment, it  has  also  well-frequented  fairs.  Many  of  the  no- 
bility reside  here,  and  a  great  part  of  the  ground  in  the 
vicinity  is  occupied  by  gardens. 

Moheelev,  or  Moghilev,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podo- 
lia,  on  the  Dniester,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eamieniec.  Pop. 
18,129,  comprising  many  Jews.  It  has  an  active  trade 
with  Wallachia  and  the  adjacent  provinces.  Being  enclosed 
by  hills,  the  climate  is  so  much  milder  than  in  the  rest  of 
Podolia  that  fine  fruits  and  silk  are  extensively  cultivated. 

Moheelev,  Moghilev,  or  Mohilev,  mo-Hee'l5v,  a 
government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  52°  and  55°  15' 
N.  and  Ion.  28°  35'  and  32°  35'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  gov- 
ernments of  Vitebsk,  Smolensk,  Chernigov,  and  Minsk. 
Area,  18,934  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  947,625.  Sur- 
face mostly  a  wide  plain.  Principal  rivers,  the  Dnieper, 
with  its  tributaries  the  Sozh  (Soz)  and  Droots  (Drouetz). 
Soil  generally  fertile,  and  corn  is  exported.  Large  quan- 
tities of  timber  and  masts  are  floated  down  the  rivers  to 
the  ports  of  the  Black  Sea. 


Mohe'gan,  a  station  in  New  London  co..  Conn.,  on  tha 
New  London  Northern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Norwich. 
Near  here  dwell  a  few  descendants  of  the  Mohegan  Indians. 

Mohegan,  a  post-village  in  Burrillville  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  Branch  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence.    It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  174. 

Mohegan  (mo-hee'g^)  Mountains,  the  name  for- 
merly applied  to  the  Adirondack  Mountains. 

Mohelnice,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  MttaLiTZ. 

Mohican,  or  Mohiccan,  mo-hik'an,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Mohican  township,  about  18  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1561. 

Mohican  (or  Walhon'ding)  Kiver,  Ohio,  is  formed 
by  the  Black  Fork  and  Clear  Fork,  which  unite  in  the  S. 
part  of  Ashland  co.  It  drains  part  of  Enox  co.,  runs 
southeastward  in  Coshocton  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Tus 
carawas  River  at  the  village  of  Coshocton  to  form  the 
Muskingum. 

Mohilev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  MoHB£i.Ky. 

Mo'hill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Carrick-on-Shannon.     Pop.  1062. 

Mohilla  Island.     See  Comoro  Isles. 

Mohim,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mahiu. 

Mohl,  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands.    See  Male. 

Mdhlin,  mo'lin,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ar- 
gau,  11  miles  £.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1942. 

Mohn,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Moen. 

Mohn's  (monz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  4  or  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  manufacture* 
of  hats  and  gun-barrels. 

Moho'ba,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces, 
division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  6413. 

Mohon,  mo^6N<>',  a  village  of  France,  department  ol 
Ardennes,  on  the  Meuse,  1  mile  from  M^zidres.  It  has  a 
nail-factory  and  railroad  repair-shops.     Pop.  2097. 

Mohon,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Morbihan, 
29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop,  358. 

Mo%on',  a  post- village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  in  Dry- 
wood  township,  on  the  Fort  Scott,  Southeastern  &  Memphis 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Scott.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Mo'honk  Lake,  a  popular  summer  resort  in  Ulster  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Shawangunk  Mountains,  about  8  miles  from 
New  Paltz.    It  is  surrounded  by  wild,  mountainous  scenery. 

Mohontongo,  Juniata  oo.,  Pa.    See  Mabantango. 

Mohpa,  mo'pi,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
division  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  5509. 

Mohra,  mo'ri,  a  village  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the 
Mohrbach.     It  was  the  native  place  of  Luther's  family. 

Mohringen,  mo'ring-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Danube,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1284. 

Mohringen,  a  village  of  Wurtemberg,  7  miles  N.  of 
Engen.     Pop.  2429, 

Mohr's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Hcbbell's  Falls. 

Mohrsville,  morz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  River  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad,  10^  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery. 

Mohrungen,  mo'rSSng-^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  62 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3633. 

Mo^hondabad',  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Prov 
inces,  division  of  Agra.     Pop.  9406. 

Mohnngur,  mo-hung-gur',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior 
dominions,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jhansee. 

Mohunpoor,  mo-hiin-poor',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalioi 
dominions,  72  miles  S.W.  of  Jhansee. 

Mo^hurbhuivi',  or  Morbhanj,  mor^bunj',  a  native 
state  of  India,  in  Orissa.  Lat.  21°  17'-22°  33'  45"  N. ; 
Ion.  85°  42.5'-87°  14'  E.  Area,  4243  square  miles.  A 
part,  called  Bamanghati,  is  under  British  control,  and 
another  part  is  under  British  surveillance,  but  Mohurbhunj 
proper  is  governed  by  a  native  rajah,  who  pays  a  small 
tribute.     Total  pop.  258,680. 

Moid'art,  a  wild  and  rugged  district  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  CO.  of  Inverness,  Scotland,  on  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  the  island 
of  Eig. 

Moidart,  a  loch  or  arm  of  the  sea,  in  Scotland,  about  4 
miles  long,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Inverness-shire. 

Moid'art,  a  post-settlement  in  Antigonish  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  25i  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  120. 

Moie,  or  Moje,  mo'yi,  a  village  of  Savoy,  5  miles  from 
Rumilly.     Pop.  1333. 

Moilah,  moi'ia,H\  or  Mow^ilah,  mo'we-lin^  a  seaport 
town  of  Arabia  PetrsBii.  on  the  Red  Sea,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Akabah.     It  has  a  castle,  some  houses,  and  about  150  huts. 


MOI 


1859 


MOL 


Moil  eh  is  a  valley  of  Egypt,  on  the  route  from  Fayoom 
to  the  Little  Oasis. 

Moimenta-da-Beira,  ino-e-mdn'tll-d&-bJi'e-r&,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  prorince  of  Beira-Alta,  21  miles  S.E.  of 
Lamego.     Pop.  1234. 

JUoiues,  lie  aux,  France.    See  Ile  aux  Moinbs. 

Moingona)  moin-go'n&,  Iowa,  a  name  sometimes  given 
to  the  upper  portion  of  the  Des  Moines  River. 

Moiugoua,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marcy 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where 
It  crosses  the  Des  Moines  River,  5J  miles  S.W.  of  Boone, 
and  57  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown.  Coal  is  mined  at  this 
place.  It  has  4  churches,  2  potteries  for  stoneware,  and  a 
money-order  post-oflBce.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Moi'ra,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Belfast.     Pop.  640. 

Moi'ra^  a  river  of  Ontario,  flows  into  the  Bay  of  Quinte 
at  the  flourishing  town  of  Belleville,  after  a  rapid  course  of 
about  30  miles. 

Moiray  mo-i'ra,  a  post-village  in  Moira  township, 
Franklin  co.,  N.T.,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Malone,  and  47  miles  E.  of  Og- 
densburg.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2282. 

Moira^  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles 
N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Moiraus,  mwi^rSuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  on  the 
Morge,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1596. 

Moirans,  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Saint-Claude. 

JUoisdou,  mw4sM6iJo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
f^rieure,  7  miles  S.  of  Cha,teaubriant.     Pop.  401. 

Moislains,  mwi^liuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  P6ronne.     Pop.  1785. 

Moisic,  mwi-seek',  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co., 
Quebec,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Moisic  River,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  202  miles  E.  of  Tadousac.  Here  are 
great  deposits  of  black  iron-sand.     Pop.  366. 

Moisic  (or  Misteshipu,  mis-tesh-e-poo')  River,  of 
Canada,  takes  its  rise  in  some  of  the  lakes  and  swamps  of 
the  highlands  of  Eastern  Quebec,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  in  Ion.  66°  10'  W.  For  centuries  this  river  has 
been  one  of  the  leading  lines  of  communication  from  the 
interior  to  the  coast.  It  is  one  of  the  best  salmon-streams 
in  the  world,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  wild  scenery. 

Moissac,  mwis^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Garonnd,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tarn,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Bordeaux  to  Cette,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montauban. 
Pop.  5675.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  large  parish 
church,  once  part  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  foundries,  potteries, 
and  manufactories  of  farina. 

Mojacar,  or  Moxacar,  mo-ni-kaB'  (anc.  Meorgia  ?), 
a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  39  miles  E.N.E.  of  Almeria, 
near  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  3460.  It  has  a  ruined  cas- 
tle. It  was  taken  from  the  Moors  by  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 
bella in  1488. 

Mojados,  or  Moxados,  mo-ni'doce,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Leon.  18  miles  S.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1960. 

Mojaisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mozhaisk. 

Mojave,  Arizona.    See  Mohave. 

Mojave,  mo-hi'vi,  a  post-village  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  S.  of  Caliente.  It 
has  a  hotel,  store,  telegraph-office,  and  2  express-offices,  and 
is  an  important  railroad  station. 

Mojente,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Moqente. 

Mojgurh,  moj^gilr',  a  town  of  Northwest  India,  domin- 
ions and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bhawlpoor.  It  has  some  mosques, 
and  a  good  supply  of  water. 

Mojola,  mo-yo'ia,  or  Mogliola,  mol-yo'l&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  in  Coni,  4  miles  from  Demonte,  on  the  Stura. 
Pop.  1109. 

Mojos,  Bolivia.    See  Moxos. 

Moka^  or  Mokha,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Mocha. 

Mokameh,  or  Mukama,  m9-ki'mg,,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, Patna  district,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Barh.     It  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  10,716. 

Mokcha,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Moksha. 

MokefamnC)  a  river  of  California,  rises  near  the  base 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  runs  nearly  southwestward,  and  forms 
the  boundary  between  Amador  and  Calaveras  cos.  It  drains 
part  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin  River 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Stockton.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Mokelnmne  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Calaveras  oo., 
Cal.,  is  situated  on  a  high  hill,  nearly  2  miles  S.  of  the 
Mokelumne  River,  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here 
are  gold-mines  which  were  once  rich.     Pop.  in  1890,  573. 

Moke'ua,  a  post-village  of  Will  co.,  111.,  in  Frankfort 


township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &,  Paoific  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.  of  Joliet,  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Mokeville,  mSk'vil,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 

Mokhansk,  mo-x&nsk',  or  Mokschan,  mok-shin',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penza, 
on  the  Moksha.  It  has  6  churches,  a  Greek  convent,  and 
a  manufactory  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  14,500. 

Mokrin,  mok^reen',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Toron- 
tal,  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  8502. 

Moksha,  or  Mokscha,  mok'shi,  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Penza  and  Tambov,  joins  the  Oka  1 5  miles 
S.E.  of  Yelatom,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  230  miles. 

Moksoboo,  a  town  of  Burmah.    See  Monchoboo. 

Mola,  mo'l&,  or  Mola  di  Bari,  mo'19,  dee  b4'ree  (L. 
Tur'rea  julia'nx),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  11,976.  It 
stands  on  a  low  point,  having  3  creeks,  used  for  loading 
small  vessels.  On  either  side  of  the  town  is  an  open  road- 
stead, with  10  fathoms  of  water. 

Moladah,  the  Scripture  name  of  El  Milh. 

Mola  di  Gaeta,  mo'l&  dee  g&-&'t&  (ano.  Formim),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta. 
Pop.  8203.  Its  vicinity  was  anciently  famous  for  fine 
wines,  and  near  it  is  the  tomb  of  Cicero. 

Mo'lalla,  a  small  river  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River  about  12 
miles  above  Oregon  City. 

Molalla,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

Mo'land,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  135. 

Molar,  mo-laB',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  28 
miles  N.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2082. 

Molare,  mo-I&'r&,  or  MoUare,  mol-l&'r&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Acqui,  on  the  Orba.  Pop.  of 
commune,  1818. 

Molassana,  mo-l&s-s&'n^,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Genoa, 
about  1  mile  from  Staglieno.     Pop.  of  commune,  1586. 

Molas'ses  Harbor,  or  Port  Felix,  a  post-settle- 
ment in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Tor  Bay,  30  miles 
from  Guysborough.     Pop.  200. 

Mold,  mold,  a  town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Flint,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chester.  In  the  parish  are 
coal-,  iron-,  and  lead-mines.  It  unites  with  Flint,  Ac,  in 
returning  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  10,929. 

Moldau,  mol'd5w  (Bohemian,  Wltawa,  ^I'ti'M?),  » 
river  of  Bohemia,  tributary  to  the  Elbe,  which  it  joins  near 
Melnik,  20  miles  N.  of  Prague,  after  a  N.  course  of  200 
miles.  On  its  banks  are  the  city  of  Prague  and  the  towns 
of  Rosenberg,  Krumau,  and  Budweis,  from  which  last  it  is 
navigable  to  the  Elbe. 

Moldau,  mol'dSw,  Moldava,  mol-d&'v&,  or  Szepsi, 
sfip'shee\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Aba  Uj  Var,  on  the 
Bodva,  16  miles  from  Kaschau.     Pop.  1590. 

Moldau- Tein,  mol'dow-tin',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17 
miles  N.  of  Budweis,  on  the  Moldau.     Pop.  4120. 

Moldava,  mol-dl'vi,  a  river  of  Austrian  Poland  and 
Moldavia,  joins  the  Sereth  36  miles  S.W.  of  Yassy,  after  a 
southeastward  course  of  110  miles. 

Moldavia,  mol-di've-a  (L.  Molda'via  ;  Qer.  Moldau, 
mol'dSw;  Fr.  Moldavie,  molMiVee';  Turk.  Bogdan,  bog- 
din',  or  Kera-Mak,  ki'rl-is-lik'),  one  of  the  former 
Danubian  principalities  of  Europe,  now  a  part  of  Rou- 
mania.  Chief  town,  Yassy.  It  is  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Russia,  S.  by  Wallachia  and  Turkey,  and  W.  by  Transyl- 
vania and  Bukowina.  Lat.  45°  22'  to  47°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  25° 
18'  to  28°  18'  E.  It  is  220  miles  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  and 
about  100  miles  from  E.  to  W.  throughout  three-fourths  of  ita 
length,  the  remaining  fourth  abruptly  diminishing  to  about 
45  miles.  Area,  about  18,000  square  miles.  The  general  sur- 
face of  the  country,  excepting  the  W.  frontier,  consists  of 
undulating  plains  of  great  beauty  and  vast  extent,  covered 
with  luxuriant  crops  of  grass.  Towards  the  W.  the  plains 
are  succeeded  by  hills  and  valleys,  formed  by  detached 
branches  of  the  Carpathian  chain.  It  is  watered  by  several 
considerable  streams ;  the  largest,  the  Sereth,  traverses  it 
longitudinally.  It  has  the  Pruth  on  its  E.  border,  and  for 
a  short  distance  the  Danube  on  its  S.  limit.  It  possesses 
considerable  mineral  wealth,  of  which,  however,  but  little 
advantage  has  been  taken.  The  principal  minerals  are 
rock  salt,  asphaltum,  and  small  quantities  of  gold.  The  cli- 
mate is  warm  in  summer,  but  frequently  severe  in  winter. 
The  principal  products  are  wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  mai/e ; 
wine  and  tobacco  are  also  produced  in  considerable  quantity. 
But  by  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  country  is  pasture, 
which  feeds  vast  numbers  of  swine,  osttle,  horses,  sheep. 


MUL 


1860 


MOL 


and  goats.  The  wild  animals  are  stags,  wild  boars,  bears, 
wolves,  foxes,  wild  goats,  hares,  and  martens.  Bees  also 
abound.  The  foreign  trade,  however,  of  the  principality, 
through  Galatz,  is  considerable.  The  great  Dulk  of  the 
people  in  Moldavia  are  employed  more  or  less  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  They  are  a  very  intelligent  and  sagacious 
race,  quiet  and  harmless.  The  principal  food  of  the  peas- 
antry consists  of  a  kind  of  dough  made  of  the  flour  of 
Indian  wheat,  sometimes  mixed  with  milk.  The  language 
is  Roumanian.  Education  is  in  a  very  low  state.  Moldavia 
was  long  tributary  to  the  Porte.  Its  political  state  was 
regulated  by  the  treaties  of  1826  and  1829  (the  latter  that 
«f  Adrianople)  between  Russia  and  Turkey ;  while  main- 
taining the  suzerainty  of  the  latter,  the  country  was  placed 
under  the  protection  of  Russia.  In  1834,  Turkey  recognized 
the  right  of  Moldavia  to  display  a  national  flag.  In  1861 
it  became  a  part  of  Roumania,  and  with  it  in  1877  became 

independent  of  Turkey.   Pop.  about  1,300,000. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Moldavian,  mol-di've-an. 

Molde,  mol'd^h,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on  the  Bay 
of  Molde,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Christiansund,  with  1454  in- 
habitants, a  good  harbor,  and  trade  in  timber,  tar,  and  fish. 

Moldova^  mordo'v5h\  or  Moldawa,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Krass6,  56  miles  E.  of  Belgrade.     Pop.  3200. 

Mole^  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Sussex,  and 
joins  the  Thames  opposite  Hampton  Court. 

Mole^  a  small  river  of  Devonshire,  in  England. 

Mole,  mol,  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti,  at  its  N.W.  ex- 
tremity, with  the  best  harbor  in  the  island,  and  some  trade 
in  cotton,  coflFee,  and  indigo. 

MoUeen'y  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Elko. 

Mole  Hill)  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Mole  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Molemyne,  a  town  of  India.     See  Mauluain. 

Molenbeek,  or  Molenbeek- Saint- Jean,  mo^- 
lftN»'b4k'-s4N»-zh5N»,  a  suburb  of  Brussels.     Pop.  37,292. 

Moleola,  the  Latin  name  of  Motola. 

Molfetta,  mol-f5t't4  (anc.  Bespat),  a  seapoft  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  16  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Bari,  on 
the  Adriatic.  Pop.  in  1881,  29,697.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a 
bishop's  palace  and  college,  a  ship-building-yard,  a  port 
formed  by  a  mole,  and  a  natural  breakwater,  and  trade  in 
corn,  oil,  and  almonds. 

Molhem-Bollebeck,  mol'hdm-bol'I^h-bdk^  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  a  small  stream,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1100. 

Moli^res,  mo^le-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tam-et- 
Garonne,  11  miles  N.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  905. 

Molin,  mo-leen',  Molln,  moln,  or  Mbllen,  mol'l^n,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lauen- 
burg.     Pop.  4141. 

Molina,  mo-lee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  3600. 

Molina,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  72  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Guadalajara,  on  the  Gallo.     Pop.  3171. 

Molina,  mo-lee'ni,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Tsdoa, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Curicd.     Pop.  2556. 

Molinara,  mo-le-ni'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  2470. 

Moline,  mo-leen',  a  city  of  Illinois,  in  Rook  Island  co., 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River  (which  here 
runs  in  a  westward  direction),  at  the  convergence  of  4  im- 
portant railroads,  about  4  miles  above  Davenport,  Iowa,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  contiguous  on  the  E.  to 
the  city  of  Rock  Island.  Moline  is  separated  from  the 
island  of  Rock  Island,  on  which  the  government  arsenal  is 
located,  by  a  narrow  chMinel,  affording  a  fine  water-power, 
nsed  jointly  by  Moline  manufacturers  and  the  government. 
It  has  17  churches  and  chapels,  2  national  and  2  savings- 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  fine  new  high  school,  6  large 
brick  and  a  number  of  frame  school  buildings,  several 
foundries,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  machine-shops,  a 
paper-mill,  2  large  manufactories  of  ploughs  and  cultiva- 
tors, a  steel-rolling-mill,  and  manufactories  of  boilers, 
pumps,  scales,  wagons,  carriages,  milling  machinery,  corn- 
planters,  organs,  elevators,  Ac.     Pop.  about  12,000. 

Moline,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Molinella,  mo-lee-n5l'll,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Bologna,  formerly  on  islands  in  the 
Po,  but  that  river  now  flows  many  miles  from  it.  Pop. 
10,751.     It  is  a  mart  for  cheese  and  hempen  fabrics. 

Molino,  mo-lee'no,  a  post- village  of  Escambia  co.,  Pla., 
on  the  Pensacola  Railroad,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Molino,  mo-li'no  or  mo-lee'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
CO.,  Miss.,  13  miles  S.  of  Ripley. 


Molino,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Orwell 
township,  on  Salmon  River,  4^  miles  S.E.  of  Richland  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  &c. 

Molino,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Little 
Schuylkill  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Port  Clinton. 

Molino,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Elk 
River,  about  68  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  125. 

Molino  del  Rey,  mo-lee'no  d41  ri,  2  miles  S.W.  of  the 
city  of  Mexico,  a  range  of  massive  stone  buildings  about 
500  yards  long,  forming  the  western  side  of  an  enclosure 
which  surrounds  the  rock  and  castle,  groves  and  fields,  of 
Chapultepec.  It  is  celebrated  as  the  scene  of  a  battle  be- 
tween the  Mexican  troops,  under  Santa  Anna,  and  the 
United  States  forces,  September  8,  1847,  resulting  in  the 
defeat  of  the  former. 

Molinos,  mo-lee'noce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  63 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Saragossa. 

Molins-de>Rey,  mo-leens'-d&-r&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Catalonia,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat. 
Pop.  3002. 

'Molirfto,  mo-le-r5wji"',  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  in  the  Serra  dos  Orgaos,  between  the  sources  of 
the  Rio  Grande,  an  affluent  of  the  Parahiba.     Pop.  1000. 

Molise,  a  province  of  Italy.     See  Campobasso. 

Molitchnia,  mo-litch'ne-a,  or  Molochnia-Yody, 
mo-lotoh'ne-&-vo'dee,  written  also  Molotchnouia,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  S.E.  of  Orekhov,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  70  miles,  expands  into  Lake  Molotchnoe, 
which  communicates  with  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Moliterno,  mo-le-t^R'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
oata,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  6621. 

Molivo,  mo-lee'vo  (anc.  Metkym'na),  a  seaport  village 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mity- 
lene.  It  is  defended  by  a  fortress,  and  has  some  trade  in 
olive  oil,  fruits,  and  cotton. 

Molk,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Melk. 

Molkwerum,  molk'^i-rilm,  a  maritime  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Stavoren. 

Moll,  moll,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  31  miles 
E.  of  Antwerp,     Pop.  of  commune,  5735. 

Mollare,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Molare. 

Mollendo,  mol-yin'do,  a  seaport  village  of  Peru,  on 
the  open  coast,  and  in  a  desert,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Islay.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  a  railway  to  Arequipa  and  Puno,  has  an 
elegant  railway  station,  and  is  supplied  with  water  by  an 
iron  aqueduct  85  miles  long. 

Mollhausen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg.  See  Ebhausem. 

Mollina,  mol-yee'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  35 
miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2469. 

Mollis,  mol'lis,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  4 
miles  N.  of  Glarus.     Pop.  2250. 

Molln,  molln,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  circle  of 
Traun.     Pop.  1239. 

Molln,  or  M511en,  Prussia.    See  Molik. 

Moll'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  II 
miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Molmen,  Burmah.     See  Mauluain. 

Molodetchno,  mo-lo-ditch'no,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, government  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Minsk. 

Mologa,  mo-lo'g&,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of 
Tver,  Novgorod,  and  Yaroslav,  joins  the  Volga  on  the  left, 
near  Mologa,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course  of  250  miles. 

Mologa,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the  Volga,  where  it  is  joined  by 
the  Mologa.     Pop.  4440. 

Moloia,  a  river  of  Morocco.    See  Mvlweeta. 

Molokai,  mo-lo-ki',  or  Morotai,  mo-ro-ti',  written 
also  Morotoi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Lat.  21°  9'  N.;  Ion.  156°  51'  W.  It  is  formed  by 
a  chain  of  volcanic  mountains  about  40  miles  long  and 
from  7  to  9  miles  broad.     Pop.  2349. 

Molsen,  mol's^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15  miles 
S.  of  Merseburg. 

Molsheim,  mols'hime  (Fr.  pron.  mols^dm' ;  li.  Mol- 
shemium),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Strasburg,  Pop.  3085.  It  has  manufactures  of  hard- 
wares, tape,  and  paper. 

Molton,  South,  England.    See  South  Molton. 

Molua,  mo-loo'&,  a  nation  in  the  interior  of  Africa,  E. 
of  Congo,  with  a  capital  about  150  miles  from  Loanda. 
Lat.  4°  5'  S.;  Ion,  19°  20'  E. 

Moluccas,  mo-luk'kas,  or  Spice  Islands,  a  name 
applied  to  the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Celebes  and  Papua,  comprising  Gilolo,  Ceram,  Booro,  Am- 
boyna,  the  Banda  Islands,  Bachian,  Oby,  and  Waigeoo. 
They  are  volcanic  and  fertile,  producing  nutmegs,  cloveHi 


MOL 


1861 


MON 


and  other  epioes,  sago,  and  fine  woods  and  fruits.  Around 
them  are  many  pearl-  and  trepang-fisheries.  The  Moluccas 
have  been  for  centuries  alternately  in  the  possession  of  the 
Spaniards,  Portuguese,  and  Dutch,  but  at  present  are  held 
by  the  last-named  nation.  The  general  language  on  the 
coast  is  the  Malay.  The  population  consists  of  Malays, 
Papuans,  Chinese,  Japanese,  and  some  Europeans.  The 
Molucca  Passage  lies  between  Qilolo  and  the  northern 

Seninsula  of  Celebes.  Near  its  centre  are  the  islands  of 
[eyon  and  Tyfore.     Pop.  315,265. 

MolocheS)  mo-loo'chds,  a  warlike  tribe  of  Indiana  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  Patagonia. 

Molun/cuS)  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  cc,  Me.  Pop. 
«f  MoLuncus  plantation,  61. 

Mo'lns  River^  a  post-settlement  in  Kent  oo.,  New 
Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Kingston.     Pop.  150. 

Molvizar^  mol-ve-thaR',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 35  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  2225. 

3Ioinbaccus,  mom-b&k'us,  post-office,  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y. 

3IoinbarcarO)  mom-baK-ki'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Coni,  N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  1144. 

Morabaruzzo,  mom-bi-root'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2805. 

Mombas,  or  Mombaz,  mom-b&s',  or  Mombasa^ 
mom-b&'s&  (the  former  the  common,  the  latter  the  literal 
Arabic  form ;  in  the  language  of  the  native  race,  Mpdza), 
an  island  and  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat.  4°  6' 
S.;  Ion.  39°  49'  E.  When  the  Portuguese  first  arrived 
here  at  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  they  found  a  large 
and  well-built  town,  with  a  great  deal  of  trade,  and  the 
people  apparently  wealthy.  In  1507,  Almeida  took  Mom- 
bas  and  destroyed  it  by  fire.  In  1588  the  Portuguese  again 
took  possession  of  the  island,  and  erected  the  fort,  castle, 
great  tank,  and  other  structures,  more  or  less  dilapidated 
at  the  present  day.     The  castle  stands  on  a  rock,  out  per- 

Eendicularly,  and  is  still  capable  of  being  rendered  a  strong- 
old.  Mombas  at  the  present  day  is  ruinous,  and  wretched 
hovels  are  now  scattered  among  the  crumbling  walls  of 
stately  buildings.  Immediately  outside  the  walls  of  the 
town,  on  the  N.  side,  is  Jok&li,  a  Sawdhili  village, — that  is, 
a  suburb  inhabited  only  by  Mohammedan  Africans.  At 
the  S.  end  of  the  island  is  another  village,  of  mixed  popu- 
lation, called  Eilendini.  The  whole  population  of  the 
island,  probably,  does  not  exceed  6000.  The  harbor  of 
Mombas  is  quite  perfect, — secure,  commodious,  roomy,  and 
open  to  the  sea-breeze.  Mombas  placed  itself  under  the 
protection  of  the  British  flag  in  1823,  was  immediately 
filled  with  Banyans,  and  enjoyed  for  three  years  a  return 
of  mercantile  prosperity.  But  the  British  flag  was  struck 
in  1826,  when  the  forces  of  Sultan  Seid  Said  obtained  pos- 
£ession.  Mombas  now  belongs  to  Zanzibar,  and  exports 
ivory,  copal,  grain,  hides,  &c. 

Mombasiglio,  mom-bi-seel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  from  Mondovi,  on  the  Monza.     Pop.  1255. 

Mombello,  mom-bSl'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2617. 

Mombeltran,  mom-bil-tr&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  1204. 

Moinbercelli,  mom-b^R-ohdl'lee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3343. 

Mombrio  de  Tarragona,  mom'bre-o  di  taR-R&- 
go'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  on  the  Salado.     P.  1196. 

Moinellano,  mo-mdl-l&'no,  or  Monmeliano,  mon- 
mi-le-3,'no,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Isdre. 

Monience,  mo-menss',  a  post- village  of  Kankakee  co., 
111.,  in  Momence  township,  on  the  Kankakee  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  54  miles  S.  of 
Chicago,  and  about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kankakee.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  2  banking- 
houses,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  9025. 

Momence,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb. 

Momf,  the  Coptic  name  of  Meuphis. 

Momignies,  mo^meen^yee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2600. 

Momling,  mom'ling,  or  Momlingen,  mom'ling-^n, 
a  village  of  Bavaria,  Lower  Franoonia,  district  of  Obern- 
burg.     Pop.  1443. 

Momo,  mo'mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  No- 
vara,  on  the  Agogna.     Pop.  1546. 

JMomonia,  the  Latin  name  of  Munster. 

Mompantero,  mom-pl.n-ti'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
nce  of  Turin.     Pop.  1329. 

Mompiano,  mom-pe-§L'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  3  miles  from  Brescia.     Pop.  1179. 

Mompox,  or  Mompoj,  mom-pfia',  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  province  and  140  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Santa  Marta,  on  the  Magdalena.     Lat.  9°  15'  N.;  Ion. 


74°  30'  W.  The  streeta  extend  along  the  river  for  twc 
miles,  and  there  are  here  a  good  quay  and  a  cuatom-houM. 
Mompox  is  the  depot  of  foreign  goods  destined  for  the  val- 
ley of  the  Magdalena.     Pop.  10,000. 

Mona.    See  Anglesey,  and  Isle  of  Mam. 

Mona,  mo'ni,  a  small  island  of  the  West  Indies,  in  the 
Mona  Passaige,  a  strait  80  miles  across,  which  separates 
Hayti  from  Porto  Rico.  The  island  is  7  miles  long  and  2 
miles  broad.    N.W.  of  it  is  the  islet  of  Monita  (mo-nee'ti). 

Mo'na,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111.  Pop.  356.  It  con- 
taina  a  part  of  the  Vermilion  Swamp. 

Mona,  a  post-village  in  Otranto  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  IlUnoia 
Central  Railroad,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City.  It  haa 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  maahing-machinea. 

Mona,  a  post-village  of  Juab  oo.,  Utah,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Monachium,  the  Latin  name  of  Munich. 

Monachodanum,  the  Latin  for  Monnikendah. 

Monaco,  mon'&-ko,  a  principality  of  Europe,  Italian 
in  language  and  traditions,  but  surrounded  on  all  sides  by 
the  French  department  of  Alpes-Maritimes,  except  to  the 
S.,  where  it  borders  on  the  sea.  Area,  6  square  miles.  It 
consists  mainly  of  the  town  of  Monaco  and  its  suburbs  (anc. 
Partus  Monoeei,  or  Porttu  Hereulit  Monaeci),  on  a  promon- 
tory overlooking  the  sea,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Nice. 
The  town  has  a  fine  palace,  a  new  cathedral,  a  college,  a 
noted  casino,  where  gambling  is  licensed,  its  profits  paying 
all  state  expenses,  and  manufactures  of  spirits,  fine  pottery, 
bricks,  perfumery,  and  objects  of  virti.  The  state  ia  vir- 
tually under  French  control.  Pop.  of  town  in  1890,  3292 ; 
of  principality,  12,000. 

Monad'nock,  or  Grand  Monadnock,  a  mountain 
in  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Keene.  It  ia 
nearly  5  miles  long,  and  has  an  altitude  of  3718  feet  above 
the  sea-level.     It  is  partly  composed  of  slate  and  talc. 

Mon'agan,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.     P.  1434. 

Monaghan,  mon'^-H%n,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland, 
in  Ulster.  Area,  500  square  miles.  Surface  hilly,  inter- 
spersed with  many  bogs  and  small  lakes.  The  North  Black- 
water  River  is  on  the  N.  boundary.  Chief  crops,  flax,  oata, 
wheat,  and  potatoes.  Butter  is  made  in  large  quantities. 
Limestone  ia  the  principal  mineral  product.  The  Ulster 
Canal  traverses  the  county.  Chief  .towns,  Monaghan, 
Clones,  and  Carrickmacross.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  both  for  the  county.     Pop.  114,969. 

Monaghan,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  3632.  It 
is  situated  on  the  borders  of  two  large  ponds.  It  has  a  cen- 
tral square,  a  diocesan  college,  a  national  school,  an  in- 
firmary, barracks,  and  a  market-house. 

Mon'aghan,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1028. 

Mouapia,  or  Mouarina.    See  Isle  of  Man. 

Mo'naskon,  a  post-village  of  Lancaister  co.,  Ya.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  River,  about  65  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rich- 
mond. It  has  a  steamboat-landing,  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements  and  vehicles. 

Monas'sa,  a  town  of  India,  in  Indore.  Lat.  24°  27' 
N. ;  Ion.  75°  13'  E.     Pop.  4100. 

Monasteer,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Monastir. 

Mon^aster'even,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  milee 
W.S.W.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Barrow,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Grand  Canal.     Pop.  of  parish,  2544. 

Monasterium,  the  Latin  name  of  MUnster. 

Monasterium  Villaris.    See  Montivilliers. 

Monastero  d'Acqui,  mo-nis-t4'ro  dik'kwee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  7  miles  W.  of  Acqui,  on  the  Bormida.  P.  1396. 

Monastero  di  Mondovi,  mo-nis-tA'ro  dee  mon-do- 
vee',  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  1901. 

Monasterolo  di  Savigliano,  mo-nis-tA-ro'lo  dee 
s5,-veel-y4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Saluzzo. 

Monasterzyska,  mo-n&s-t^r-zees'ki,  or  Manaster- 
zyska,  mi-n&s-t9r-zees'k&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galioia, 
10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Buozacz.     Pop.  3233. 

Monastier,  mo^n&sHe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  2126. 

Monastir,  mo-n&a-teer',  a  seaport  town  of  North  Africa, 
dominions  and  80  miles  S.E.  of  Tunis,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra. 
Pop.  12,000,  who  manufacture  woollen  and  camlet  fabrics 
and  have  considerable  maritime  trade. 

Monastir,  mo^n&s-teer'  ^sometimes  written  Monas- 
teer),  or  Vitolia,  ve-to'le-1,  a  city  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Macedonia,  400  miles  W.  of  Constantinople.  It  ia  built 
at  the  W.  edge  of  a  fine  plain,  in  a  recess  formed  by  lotty 
mountains,  and  is  intersected  by  a  river  crossed  by  numer- 
ous bridges.  The  atreeta  are  wide  and  well  paved,  and  the 
houses  neat  and  clean  j  the  mosques  and  minarets,  intei 


MON 


1862 


MON 


mixed  with  cypress  and  willow  foliage,  give  a  picturesque 
appearance  to  the  town;  and  the  well-frequented  bazaars 
are  remarkably  handsome.  It  is  an  important  military 
oentre.  The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  Greeks  and 
Bulgarians,  the  Turkish  residents  being  mostly  soldiers  or 
ofBcials.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Mona  Virginia  Danicay  the  Latin  name  of  Moen. 
Monbelliard,  Comt6  de,  k6M»H4'  d§h  m6N»^bSr- 
le-aR',  an  ancient  district  of  France,  situated  at  the  foot  of 
the  Vosges,  between  Upper  Alsace  and  the  old  territory  of 
Basel.  After  having  been  long  in  the  possession  of  the 
Dukes  of  Burgundy,  it  passed,  in  1419,  to  a  branch  of  the 
house  of  Wiirtemberg,  and  continued  with  that  house  till 
1793,  when  it  was  ceded  by  treaty  to  France.  It  is  now 
included  in  the  department  of  Doubs. 

Moncada^  mon-k&'D&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
7  miles  N.  of  Valencia,  on  the  Moncada.     Pop.  2734. 

Moncalieri,  mon-k4-le-i'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Po,  4  miles  by  railway  S.  of  Turin.  Pop. 
9994.     It  has  a  palace,  with  a  fine  collection  of  portraits. 

MoncaiTO)  mon-kil'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
province  and  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  4067. 

ItIon93.0)  mon-sowNo',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Minho,  28 
miles  N.  of  Braga,  on  the  Minho.     Pop.  1637. 

Mon^araS)  or  Monsaras,  mon-sa'ris,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Alemtejo,  on  the  Guadiana,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Elvaa.     Pop.  1380. 

MoncayO;  mon-kl'o  (ilfon«  Cauntu),  a  mountain  of 
Spain,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  boundaries 
of  Aragon  and  Castile.     It  is  9600  feet  high. 

Monceaux,  mdNo^so',  a  village  of  France,  in  CorrSze, 
14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tulle.  Pop.  1894.  It  is  also  the  name 
of  a  suburb  of  Paris,  noted  for  its  fine  park. 

Monch,  mouK  (i.e.,  the  "  monk"),  one  of  the  loftiest 
Alpine  heights  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the 
borders  of  the  Valais,  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  Jungfraa. 
Height,  13,468  feet. 

Monchberg)  mon&'bSRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  31  miles 
W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1309. 

Mdnchen-Gladbach.    See  MOnchen-Gladbach. 

Mon'ches,  a  post-hamlet  in  Merton  township,  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  Wis.,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  churoh. 

Monchio,  mon-ke'o,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  32 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  2326. 

Monchique)  mon-shee'k&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Al- 
garve,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Lagos.     Pop.  5233. 

Monchoboo,  Monchaboo,  mon^chp-boo',  or  AIoii> 
chobo,  mon^cho-bo'  (called  by  the  natives  Moksobo, 
mok^so-bo',  or  Moksoboo,  mok^so-boo'),  a  town  of  Bur- 
mah,  on  the  W.  bank  of  a  lake,  27  miles  N.  of  Ava.  It  is 
the  birthplace  of  Alompra,  and  during  his  rule  it  was  also 
the  seat  of  government. 

Monchsroth,  mouKs'rot,  a  village  of  Bavuia,  25 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1054. 

Monck,  monk,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Erie,  by  which  it  is  bounded  on  the  S.  Area, 
238,786  acres.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  Great 
Western,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways.     Pop.  16,179. 

Monck'land)  a  post-village  in  Stormont  oo,,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Riviere  aux  Raisin,  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Cornwall.    Pop.  170. 

Monclar,  m6No^klaR',  a  small  town  of  France,  in  Tarn- 
et-6aronne,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  2142. 

Monclar,  a  small  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-6aronne,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Villeneuve.     Pop.  1755. 

Monclova,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.    See  Preston  Hollow. 

Monclo'va,  a  post- village  in  Monclova  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  To- 
ledo, near  Monclova  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  833.  ' 

Monclova,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Moncontour,  m6No^k6NoHooR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
C6tes-du-Nord,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuo.    Pop.  1387. 

Moncontour,  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Loudun. 

Moncorvo,  Portugal.    See  Torre  de  Moncorvo. 

Mon'creiff  Hill,  Scotland,  2i  miles  S.  of  Perth,  is  756 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Moncrivello,  mon-kre-v8l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  province  of  Novara,  22  miles  W.  of  Vercelli. 
Pop.  2243. 

Monc'ton,  a  post-town  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, at  a  railway  junction,  89  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  has 
a  fine  harbor,  and  contains  4  churches,  several  hotels,  a 
number  of  stores,  a  newspaper  office,  2  branch  banks,  and 


maaufactories  of  castings,  engines,  machinery,  tobacco, 
leather,  wooden-ware,  Ac.  Here  are  the  offices  and  princi- 
pal workshops  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway.  Moncton  is  a 
port  of  entry.     Pop.  4810. 

Moncucco,  mon-kook'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, province  of  Alessandria,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Asti. 
Pop.  1611. 

Moncaq,  or  Montcnq,  mdN-^kak',  a  town  of  Franoei, 
in  Lot,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1153. 

Mon'cure,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.O.,  on  or 
near  Deep  River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Monda,  mon'di  (ano.  Mun'da),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  28  miles  W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  3557. 

Monda,  the  ancient  name  of  Mondego. 

Monda'min,  a  post-village  in  Morgan  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  37 
miles  N.  of  Omaha,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  the  Missouri 
River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 

Mon'day  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southeastward  through 
Hocking  co.,  and  enters  the  Hooking  River  in  Athens  co. 

Monday  Creek,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1165.     It  contains  Maxville. 

Mondego,  mon-d4'go  (anc.  Mon'da),  a  river  of  Por- 
tugal, rises  14  miles  S.W.  of  Guarda,  and  enters  the  Atlantio 
at  Cape  Mondego.     Length,  130  miles. 

3Iondego,  a  navigable  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  joins  the  Paraguay  on  the  left,  at  Fort  Miranda. 
Length,  180  miles. 

Mondejar,  or  Mondexar,  mon-di-HaB',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  31  miles  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2069. 

Mondim,  mon-deeu"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lamego,  on  the  Tarouca.     Pop.  1718. 

Mondim  de  Basto,  mon-deeN°'  d&  b&s'to,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  Tamega,  68  miles  S.W. 
of  Braganza.     Pop.  1500. 

Mondoleh,  mon-do'l^h,  a  small  but  richly-wooded  and 
fertile  island  in  the  Bay  of  Amboises,  West  Africa. 

Mondolfo,  mon-dol'fo,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Pesaro.     Pop.  3660. 

Mondoiiedo,  mon-d6n-yi'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lugo.  Pop.  2452.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  a  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  coarse  cloths. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Mondonblean,  m6»»'doo-bl5',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loir-et-Cher,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vendftme.     Pop.  1585. 

Mondovi,  mon-do-vee'  (L.  Mont  Vi'ci  and  Mona  Be- 
galia),  a  town  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coni, 
near  the  Ellero.  Pop.  16,543.  It  is  divided  into  4  parts, — 
the  Piazza,  on  a  hill  enclosed  by  walls  and  having  a  cita- 
del, and  the  suburbs  at  its  foot,  Carassone,  Breo,  and  Piano 
del  Valle.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  other  churches,  a  bish- 
op's palace,  hospitals,  asylums,  a  college,  a  diocesan  school, 
silk-mills,  tanneries,  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Mondo'vi,  or  Mondo've,  a  post- village  of  Buffali* 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Buffalo  or  Beef  River,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eau  Claire.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Mondragon,  m6NoMri^g6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vaucluse,  arrondissement  of  Orange.     Pop.  1474. 

Mondragon,  mon-dr4-gon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Gui- 
puzcoa,  33  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1740. 

Mondragone,  mon-drl-go'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3990. 

Mondsee,  mond'si\  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  a  lake  of  the  same  name^  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Salzburg.     Pop.  1240. 

Mondsee,  a  lake  of  Upper  Austria,  about  6  miles  long, 
and  less  than  2  miles  broad,  is  about  1400  feet  above  sea- 
level,  and  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Moueah,  mo^nee'a,  also  called  Maner  and  Manir, 
ma-neer',  a  town  of  Bengal,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Sone  and  the  Ganges,  21  miles  W.  of  Patna.  It  has  a  Mo- 
hammedan tomb,  and  Hindoo  antiquities.     Pop.  5326. 

Mo^nee',  a  post-village  in  Monee  township,  Will  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Chicago,  and  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Joliet.  It  is  the 
highest  point  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Central  Rail- 
road, and  is  about  812  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
has  4  churches,  an  academy,  2  elevators,  and  3  manufac- 
tories of  wagons.     Pop.  598 ;  of  the  township,  1600. 

Moneglia,  mo-nel'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  E 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chiavari, 
Pop.  1965. 

Monein,  mo^niN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^- 
n^es,  on  the  Raise,  11  miles  W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1230 


MON 


1863 


MON 


Monemuge,  a  region  of  East  Africa.     See  Monomoezi. 

JHonemvasia)  or  Moneinbasiat  mo-ndm-vS.-see'3,, 
or  Napoli  di  Malvasia,  n&'po-Ie  dee  m&l-v&-see'&  (anc. 
Mino'a),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  Laconia,  on  the  ^gean  Sea, 
20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Malia.  It  stands  on  a  small 
island,  having  one  entrance  by  a  bridge  from  the  mainland, 
and  consists  of  a  fortress  and  an  outer  town.  Near  it  are 
the  remains  of  Epidau'rua  Lime'ra.     Pop.  3371. 

MonesigliO)  mo-ni-seel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  1389. 

Monestee  River.    See  Monistique  River. 

Monesti^s,  mo^nfisHe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Alby.     Pop.  1627. 

Money  (mun'e)  Creelc,  a  township  of  McLean  oo., 
m.     Pop.  999. 

Money  Creeli,  a  post-village  in  Money  Creek  town- 
ship, Houston  CO.,  Minn.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Winona.  It 
has  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills.  The  township  is  drained 
by  Root  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  765.  Money  Creek  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of 
La  Crosse. 

Mon'ey-Gall,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  King's  co.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Roscrea.     Pop.  491. 

Mon'eymore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Londonderry, 
30  miles  S.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  644. 

Moneymuslc,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Monymusk. 

Monfaicone^  mon-fil-ko'ni,  a  fortified  town  of  Aus- 
tria, 16  miles  N.W.  of  Triest,  near  its  gulf.     Pop.  4506. 

3Ioafestino,  mon-fes-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Modena.     Pop.  of  commune,  5426. 

Monfia^  mon-fee'i,  or  Mafia,  m4-fee'i,  an  island  off 
the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  Zanzibar  dominions,  75  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Quiloa.     Lat.  7°  50'  S.;  Ion.  39°  40'  E. 

Monflanquin,  or  Montflanqni,n,  m6N»'flftNo'k3,No', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Villeneuve.     Pop.  1009. 

Monforte,  mon-foR't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  division  of 
Coni,  9  miles  S.  of  Alba.     Pop.  2213. 

Monforte,  mon-foR't4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Alemtejo,  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  809. 

Monforte,  mon-foR'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
17  miles  W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3898. 

Monforte,  mon-foR'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  35  miles  N. 
of  Par4,  on  the  island  of  Marajo,  on  a  height  overlooking 
the  Bay  of  Par^. 

Monforte  de  Lemns,  mon-foR't&  di  li'mooce,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  S.  of  Lugo.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2355. 

Monfrici,  mon-free'chee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily, 
province  of  Girgenti,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sciacca. 

Mongardino,  mon-gaR-dee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5 
miles  S.  of  Asti.     Pop.  1080. 

Mongat,  mon-git',  a  village  of  Spain,  on  the  Barcelona 
&,  Mataro  Railway,  and  on  the  coast. 

Monsatz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Mdnkacs. 

Mon'ganp,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mongaup  River,  5  or 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis. 

Mongaup  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Mongaup  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Monticello.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  high  school. 

Monghir,  Monghyr,  m9n-gheer',  Mnngeer,  or 
Mungir,  miin-gheer',  a  district  of  Bengal.  Lat.  24°  22'- 
25°  49'  N.;  Ion.  85°  40'-86°  55'  E.  Area,  3922  square 
miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  main  Ganges.  It  is  fertile, 
with  extensive  jungles.     Capital,  Monghir.     Pop.  1,812,986. 

Monghir,  Monghyr,  Mnngeer,  or  Mungir,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  capital  of  Monghir  district,  on  the  Ganges,  35 
miles  by  rail  above  Boglipoor.  It  consists  of  two  parts,  the 
fort  or  European  town,  enclosed  by  a  wall  of  earth  and  stone, 
and  the  native  quarter.  It  has  a  jail  (formerly  a  native 
palace)  and  other  good  public  buildings,  and  is  the  seat  of 
considerable  native  manufactures.     Pop.  59,698. 

Mongiardino,  mon-jaR-dee'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Genoa,  12  miles  from  Novi.     Pop.  1768. 

Mongibello,  a  name  of  Mount  Etna.    See  Etna. 

3Iongo,  mong'go,  a  mountain-range  in  West  Africa,  on 
the  mainland,  opposite  Fernando  Po,  its  highest  peak,  Mon- 
gomasobah  ("God's  Mountain"),  being  subject  to  volcanic 
eruption. 

Mon'go,  a  post-village  of  La  Grange  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pigeon  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Elkhart.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  drug-store. 

Mongolia,  mon-go'le-^i  (Fr.  MongoUe,  m6iJ»^goMee' ; 
Qer.  Mongolei,  mon'go-li),  a  wide  region  of  Asia,  comprised 
in  the  Chinese  Empire,  mostly  between  lat.  37°  and  50°  N. 
and  Ion.  88°  and  125°  E.,  having  B.  Manohooria,  from 


which  it  is  separated  by  a  wooden  palisade,  S.  and  S.W 
China  and  Chinese  Toorkistan,  and  N.  the  Khing-Gan  and 
other  mountain-chains,  dividing  it  from  Rnssian  Asia.  Es- 
timated area,  1,400,000  square  miles.  Pop.  supposed  to  b« 
2,000,000.  It  is  mostly  a  vast  desert,  its  central  part  form, 
ing  the  E.  half  of  the  Gobi,  though  here  and  there  thii 
stony  and  sandy  region  has  productive  tracts,  feeding  herda 
of  cattle  belonging  to  nomadio  tribes,  and  some  wheat, 
barley,  and  millet  are  raised.  In  the  N.  the  country  ia 
richly  wooded.  Its  rivers  are  mostly  affluents  of  the  Amoor, 
Irkootsk,  or  Yenisei,  though  some  discharge  themselvM 
into  extensive  lakes,  which  are  most  numerous  in  the  N.W., 
the  principal  lakes  being  the  Oobsa-Nor  and  Ike-Aral- 
Nor.  The  trade  is  almost  exclusively  with  China  proper, 
to  which  the  Mongols  send  live-stock  of  all  kinds,  receiving 
in  return  brick  tea,  tobacco,  brandy,  silk,  cotton  and  wool- 
len fabrics,  boots,  and  metallic  wares.  The  Mongols  have 
a  peculiar  conformation,  which  has  been  taken  by  ethnol- 
ogists as  the  type  of  a  great  subdivision  of  the  human 
race  inhabiting  the  greater  part  of  Asia  E.  of  the  Caspian. 
They  are  of  the  Booddhic  religion,  and  live  under  various 
chiefs,  who  pay  tribute  to  the  Chinese  emperor,  but  receive 
presents  from  him  in  return  to  a  much  greater  amount. 
Mongolia  is  divided  into  56  aimakg,  or  chiefships,  and  again 
into  135  "banners,"  or  military  tribes,  again  subdivided 
into  regiments,  <fcc.  The  supreme  tulministration  is  vested 
in  the  board  or  tribunal  of  foreign  affairs  at  Peking.  Chief 
city,  Oorga.  The  native  tribes  all  claim  descent  from  the 
celebrated  Jenghis  Khan,  who  in  the  beginning  of  the  thir- 
teenth century  united  the  different  races  under  his  sway,  and 
in  the  course  of  his  devastating  conquests,  both  westward 
and  southward,  made  the  Mongols,  of  whom  little  had  been 
previously  heard,  to  occupy  an  important  page  in  history. 
The  conquests  of  Jenghis  Khan  were  extended  by  his  son 
Oktai,  who  subdued  the  whole  of  China  and  overthrew  the 
caliphate  of  Bagdad,  while  other  hordes  forced  their  way 
into  Russia,  devastated  large  portions  of  it,  pillaged  Mos- 
cow, entered  Poland  in  1240,  and  were  threatening  all  Ger- 
many with  destruction,  when,  in  1241,  their  progress  was 
arrested  by  their  signal  defeat  at  Wahlstatt.  After  the 
death  of  Oktai,  in  1243,  all  further  attempts  on  Europe 
ceased;  but  nearly  half  a  century  longer  the  empire  which 
he  had  established  continued  to  flourish,  and  stretched  from 
the  Chinese  Sea  W.  to  the  frontiers  of  Poland,  and  from 
India  to  the  frontiers  of  Siberia.  At  a  late  period,  under 
Timur  or  Tamerlane,  the  Mongol  Empire,  which  had  been 
gradually  crumbling  to  pieces,  acquired  new  lustre.  But 
the  revival  proved  temporary,  and  at  his  death  a  complete 
disruption  took  place.  The  fragments,  however,  were  so 
large  as  in  some  instances  to  be  sufficient  to  found  new 

dynasties. Adj.  and  inhab.  Mon'gol  and  Monooliax, 

mon-go'le-an. 

Mongo'lia,  or  Califor'nia  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Stouffville.     Pop.  100. 

Mongo^quinong',  or  Mongo^guinong',  a  hamlet 
of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on  Pigeon  River,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  La  Grange.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Mongrande,  mon-grin'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  3704. 

Monguagon,  mon-gwi'gon,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo., 
Mich.     Pop.  1923.     It  contains  Grosse  Isle. 

Monhe'gan,  or  Manheigan,  man-hee'gin,  an  island 
of  Maine,  off  the  coast  of  Hancock  oo.,  with  a  light-house. 
Lat.  43°  45'  52"  N. ;  Ion.  69°  18'  37"  W.     Pop.  146. 

Monheim,  mon'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anspaoh.     Pop.  1264. 

Monheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1643. 

Moni,  an  island  near  Java.    See  Noel. 

Monica,  mo-ni'kah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  oo..  111.,  lu 
Princeville  township,  on  tne  Buda  A  Rushville  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Buda,  and  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Peoria.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Monico,  mo-nee'ko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  oo.,  Wis., 
at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago  <fc  North- 
western Railway,  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rhinelander. 

Monie,  m9n'e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Crisfield. 

Mon'ifieth,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Forfar,  on  a 
railway,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arbroath.     Pop.  919. 

Monistique  (mon-is-teek')  River,  a  name  sometimes 
given  to  the  Manistique  River,  in  the  upper  peninsula  of 
Michigan.     See  Manistiqoe. 

Monistrol,  mo^neesHr6l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hante- 
Loire,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  2299.  It  has  manu- 
fnctures  of  blonde,  lace,  paper,  and  hardware. 

Monistrol  de  Monserrat,  mo-nees-tr6l'   di  mon- 


MON 


1864 


MON 


fi^R-r&t',  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Bar- 
celona, at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  of  Monserrat.  P.  1583. 
MoniteaU)  mon^e-to',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Moniteau  and  Moreau  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  white  oak,  black 
walnut,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  "Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal, 
lead,  and  several  varieties  of  limestone  are  found  in  this 
county.  The  Lower  Silurian  and  carboniferous  limestones 
which  crop  out  here  are  good  materials  for  building.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Miasouri  Pacific  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  California,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,375 ; 
in  1880,  14,346;  in  1890,  15,630. 

Moniteau,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1373. 

Moniteau,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2317. 

Moniteau,  Moniteau  co..  Mo.    See  Clarksburg. 

Moniteau,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Butler. 

Moniteau  Creek,  Howard  oo.,  Mo.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about  10  miles  E.  of 
Boonville. 

Moniteau  Creek,  Moniteau  co.,  Missouri,  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  the  N.W.  extremity 
of  Cole  CO. 

Monitoowoc,  Wisconsin.    See  Manitowoc. 

Mon'itor,  a  post-village  of  Alpine  oo.,  Cal.,  about  95 
miles  E.  of  Sacramento,  near  the  E.  ba£e  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada.    It  has  a  newspaper  office.    Silver  is  found  here. 

3Ionitor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Wild  Cat  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Lafayette. 
rt  has  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Monitor,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hutchinson. 

Monitor,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  554. 

Monitor,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Salem. 

Monjos  (or  Monxos),  Los,  loce  mong'HOce  ("The 
Monks"),  4  small  low  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
extending  nearly  6  miles  from  E.  to  W.  Lat.  0"  57'  S.  ; 
Ion.  145°  41'  E. 

Monj^poor',  a  town  of  Western  Hindostan,  24  miles 
6.E.  of  Radhunpoor. 

Monk-Bret'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Barnsley. 

Monkchester,  England.  See  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Monks,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Montclair 
&  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greenwood 
Lake  Station. 

Monk's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Monks'town,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex. 

Monkton,  munk't9n,  a  post-village  in  Monkton  town- 
ship, Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  the  works  of  the 
Monkton  Kaolin  Company.  Kaolin  is  found  here.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1006.     Its  surface  is  finely  diversified. 

Monk'ton,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  lOJ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mitchell.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
hotels,  and  a  number  of  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Monk'ton  and  Prest'wick,  a  united  parish  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Glasgow  &  Ayr 
Railway.  The  village  of  Monkton  (pop.  467)  has  a  hand- 
some modern  and  2  very  ancient  churches.  Pop.  of  Prest- 
wick  village,  760. 

Monkton,  Fort,  England.    See  Fort  Blockhouse. 

Monk'ton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  contains  2  churches.     It  is  on  the  Gunpowder  River. 

Monk'ton  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monkton  town- 
ship, Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bur- 
lington. 

Monk-Wear'mouth,  a  town  of  England,  now  a  part 
of  Sunderland.     Pop.  16,941. 

Monleon,  m6No^li^6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyr6n6es,  23  miles  N.E.  of  BagnSres-de-Bigorre.    P.  1500. 

Monmeliana,  France.    See  Momellano. 

Monmore,  mon-mor',  the  largest  bog  in  the  co.  of 
Clare,  Ireland,  extending  across  the  great  Clare  peninsula 
from  Dunbeg  Bay  to  the  Shannon.    Area,  9254  acres. 

Monmorenciacum,  the  Latin  for  Montmorency. 

Monmouth,  or  Monmouthshire,  mon'miith-shir, 
a  county  of  England,  having  S.  the  Bristol  Channel.  Area, 
576  square  miles.  Surface  picturesquely  varied  with  hill 
and  vale,  and  finely  wooded ;  bordering  the  Bristol  Channel 


it  is  in  parts  flat ;  W.  of  the  Usk  it  is  comparatively  moun- 
tainous. Chief  rivers,  the  Wye,  Usk,  Monnow,  and  Rom- 
ney.  Coal,  iron,  and  limestone  abound,  and  are  extensively 
wrought.  Canals  and  railways  facilitate  access  to  the 
mines.  The  Welsh  language  is  in  common  use.  Monmouth 
comprises  6  hundreds.  Principal  towns,  Monmouth,  Aber- 
gavenny, Newport,  Caerleon,  and  Usk.  The  county  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Under  the  Ro- 
mans and  Britons  it  formed  a  part  of  the  ancient  Gwent, 
or  Siluria,  which  the  Saxons  never  succeeded  in  conquer- 
ing. It  was  made  an  English  county  by  Henry  VIII.  No 
county  in  England  is  more  celebrated  fcr  beautiful  scenery, 
or  for  the  number  of  its  British,  Roman,  and  mediaeval 
remains.     Pop.  in  1881,  211,267;  in  1891,  252,260. 

Monmouth,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  in  a  beautiful  vale,  at  the  confluence  of  the  navi- 
gable Wye  and  the  Monnow,  at  a  railway  junction,  21 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gloucester,  17  miles  S.  of  Hereford,  and 
115  miles  W.N.W.  of  London.  It  has  a  parish  church, 
originally  a  priory,  an  ancient  priory-house,  a  curious  an- 
tique chapel,  a  grammar-school,  the  ruins  of  a  royal  castle 
erected  before  the  Conquest,  several  banks,  manufactures 
of  bar  iron,  tin  plates,  and  paper,  and  exports  of  bark  and 
timber.  The  borough  joins  with  Usk  and  Newport  in 
sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.    Pop.  5470. 

Monmouth,  mon'miith,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
New  Jersey,  has  An  area  of  about  476  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Raritan  and  Sandy  Hook  Bays,  and 
on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  tlie 
Neversink  and  Manasquan  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  is  generally  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  potatoes,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Marl  is  found  here.  Long  Branch,  the 
fashionable  watering-place,  is  on  the  coast  of  this  county, 
as  are  also  other  places  of  summer  resort,  among  which  are 
Seabright,  Asbury  Park,  Ocean  Grove,  Spring  Lake,  and 
Sea  Girt.  This  county  is  intersected  by  various  branches 
of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  and  by  the  New  York  A  Long  Branch  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Freehold.  Pop.  in  1870,46,195;  in  1880, 
55,538;  in  1890,  69,128. 

Monmouth,  a  city  of  Illinois,  and  the  capital  of  TVur- 
ren  co.,  is  situated  in  Monmouth  township,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Galesburg,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa, 
and  47  miles  S.  of  Rook  Island.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
3  public  halls,  11  churches,  3  national  banks,  and  Monmouth 
College  (United  Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in 
1856;  also  a  public  library,  a  commercial  college,  25  graded 
schools,  and  4  hotels.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Monmouth  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  machine-shop, 
3  carriage-shops,  and  3  manufactories  of  ploughs  and  cul- 
tivators. Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1 890,  5936 ; 
of  the  township,  7081. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  in  Root  township,  Adams 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rich- 
mond <fc  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  3  churches. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  in  Monmouth  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  22  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Anamosa,  and  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Clinton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  graded 
school.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Maquoketa  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1697. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  &  Colorado  Railroad,  1  miles  W. 
of  Cherokee,  and  19  miles  E.  of  Parsons.    It  has  a  church. 

Monmouth,  township,  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas.    P.  1279. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  in  Monmouth  township, 
Kennebeck  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  about 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  contains  the  Monmouth  Academy,  2  churches,  and  2 
tanneries.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1362. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  an  institution  called 
Christian  College  (organized  in  1865),  and  manufactures  of 
sash,  doors,  and  patent  medicine. 

Monmouth,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Lexington. 

Monmouth  Beach,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  New  Jersey  South- 
ern Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  New  York  City,  and  3  miles  N. 
of  Long  Branch.     It  has  a  church,  <fec. 

Monmouth  Court-House,  N.J.    See  Freehold. 

Monmouth  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.. 
N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Trenton  with   Ne\> 


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Brunswick,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton.     A  braBch  railroad 
extends  hence  to  Jamesburg,  and  another  to  Rocky  Hill. 

Monmouthshire,  England.    See  Monmouth. 

MonnaiC)  mon^ni',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  ludre-et- 
Loire,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1550. 

Monnikendam,  mon'e-k§n-dim'  (L.  Monachodanum), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland, 
with  a  harbor  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Amster- 
dam.    Pop.  2766. 

Mon'uoAV,  or  Man'now,  a  river  of  England,  joins 
the  Wye  near  Monmouth. 

Mo'uo,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  California,  borders 
on  Nevada.  It  is  partly  drained  by  Owen's  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Sierra  Nevada.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  high  mountains,  forests  of  pine  and 
spruce,  and  sterile  plains  in  which  fresh  water  is  scarce. 
On  the  S.W.  border  of  this  county  stands  Mount  Dana, 
13,227  feet  high.  It  contains  Mono  Lake,  14  miles  long, 
the  water  of  which  is  alkaline  or  saline  and  intensely 
bitter.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  gold  and  silver, 
which  are  found  in  quartz  rook  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
county.  The  S.E.  part  is  traversed  by  the  Carson  &  Colo- 
rado Railroad.  Area,  3384  square  miles.  Capital,  Bridge- 
port.    Pop. in  1870,  430;  in  1880,  7499;  in  1890,  2002. 

Monocacy,  mo-n6k'a-s§,  a  station  in  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Frederick. 

31onocacyj  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Potomac  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Monocaoy,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Fred- 
erick.    It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  200. 

Monocacy,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  about  11  miles  below  Reading.  Here  is 
an  iron-furnace. 

Monocacy  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Le- 
high River  in  Northampton  co. 

Monocacy  River  rises  in  Adams  co..  Pa.,  by  three 
branches,  called  Marsh,  Middle,  and  Rook  Creeks.  It  runs 
southward  through  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  and  enters  the  Po- 
tomac River  about  5  miles  below  the  Point  of  Rooks,  and  13 
miles  S.  of  Frederick  City.  The  main  stream  is  nearly  60 
miles  long. 

Monocacy  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
in  Amity  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  tSb  Reading  Railroad,  10^  miles  S.E.  of  Read- 
ing. It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  semi- 
nary.    Here  is  an  iron  bridge  across  the  river. 

Monok,  mon^ok',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zemplin,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2812. 

Mo'no  Lake,  California,  is  in  Mono  co.,  near  the  E. 
base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Mount 
Dana.  It  is  nearly  14  miles  long  and  9  miles  wide.  The 
water  is  strongly  saline  and  alkaline,  and  has  no  outlet.  It 
contains  a  large  proportion  of  common  salt  and  carbonate 
of  soda,  and  is  destitute  of  animal  life,  except  a  small  fly 
and  a  white  worm  which  is  the  larva  of  that  fly.  "  The 
level  of  the  water,"  says  J.  D.  Whitney,  "was  once  cer- 
tainly more  than  600  feet  above  its  present  stage." 

Mono  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Humber  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Orangeville.  It  con- 
tains  a  tannery,  woollen-  and  grist-mills,  and  several  hotels 
and  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Monomoezi,  mo-no-mo-&'zee  (perhaps  more  correctly 
Moenemoezi,  mo-Sn^yi-mo-&'zee ;  generally  written  by 
the  Portuguese  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries 
Monemuge,  mo-n^-moo'zh&,  or  Munhemuge,  moon- 
y4-moo'zhi),  a  former  empire  of  East  Africa,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  great  lake  called  Nyassa,  or  the  sea.  The  same  name 
was  given  by  early  writers  to  the  sovereign  and  to  the 
country,  though  they  state  that  it  belongs  properly  to  the 
former.  At  the  present  day  Monomoezi  is  no  longer  united 
under  a  single  ruler,  but  is  divided  into  several  kingdoms ; 
but  the  name  is  nearly  forgotten. 

Monomotapa,  mon^-mo-t4'pi,  a  former  empire  of 
East  Africa,  of  great  relative  magnitude  at  the  time  of  its 
discovery  in  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century,  when, 
owing  to  the  ignorance  of  the  age,  it  was  described  in  very 
exaggerated  terms.  It  was  said  to  have  a  circumference  of 
1000  leagues.  The  name  Monomotapa,  or,  more  correctly, 
MoeiLe  Mot&pa,  signifies  the  empire  or  emperor  of  Mot&pa. 
The  empire  appears  to  have  been  coextensive  with  the  dif- 
fusion of  the  Mucaranga  race  S.  of  the  Zambezi  j  it  reached, 
therefore,  from  this  river  S.  to  Inhamban,  W.  to  Manifa, 
but  did  not  go  beyond  the  basin  of  the  Zambezi.  On  the  E. 
it  extended  to  the  sea  in  Sofala,  but  did  not  embrace  the 
mouths  of  the  Zambezi ;  its  N.  boundary,  on  the  sea-shore, 
being  the  river  Tendacdlo. 
118 


Mo'non,  a  post-township  of  White  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  969.  It  contains  the  village  of  New  Brad- 
ford.   See  Bradford. 

Mono'na,  a  western  county  of  Iowa,  borders  on  Ne- 
braska. Area,  about  684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Little 
Sioux  and  Soldier  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Maple 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Sioux  City  k  Pacific,  Chicago 
&  Northwestern,  Illinois  Central,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
4  St.  Paul  Railroads.  CapiUl,  Onawa.  Pop.  in  1870,  3654  ; 
in  1875,  5967;  in  1880,  9055;  in  1890,  14,515. 

Monona,  a  post-village  in  Monona  township,  Clayton 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  i,  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  McGregor.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  350 ;   of  the  township,  1412. 

Mononga-Be,  mo-non'g&-b&,  a  town  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  22°  S. ;  Ion.  46°  E.  It  consists  of  about  800  houses, 
situated  on  an  afiluent  of  the  Manangara. 

Mo^nongahe'la,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  is 
on  the  Monongahola  River.  It  is  one  of  the  suburbs  of 
Pittsburg  called  South  Side  Boroughs.     Pop.  1153. 

Monongahela,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1424.  It  contains  Greensborough  and  Mapletown,  and  has 
beds  of  bituminous  coal. 

Monongahela,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Fairmont. 

Monongahela  City,  a  post-borough  of  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &,  Charleston  Railroad,  30  miles  by 
railroad,  or  18  miles  in  a  direct  line,  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  coal-mines  and  manufactures  of  paper  and  lumber,  u 
high  school,  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  bank.s. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1078;  in  1880,  2904;  in  1890,  4096. 

Monongahela  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio,  is  formea 
by  the  West  Fork  and  Tygart's  Valley  River,  which  rise  in 
West  Virginia  and  unite  in  Marion  co.  of  that  state,  about 
3  miles  above  Fairmont.  It  intersects  Monongalia  co., 
from  which  it  passes  into  Pennsylvania  and  runs  generally 
northward.  It  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Fayette  co.,  and 
the  E.  boundaries  of  the  cos.  of  Greene  and  Washington. 
It  unites  with  the  Alleghany  River  at  Pittsburg,  where  it 
is  nearly  400  yards  wide.  It  is  about  150  miles  long,  ex- 
cluding its  branches,  and  is  navigable  from  Fairmont  to  its 
mouth  for  small  boats.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  from 
Pittsburg  to  Brownsville.  This  river  traverses  a  fertile 
country  in  which  bituminous  coal  abounds  and  is  exposed  on 
its  banks  so  as  to  be  easily  accessible.  The  West  Fork 
rises  near  the  W.  border  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  runs 
northward  through  the  cos.  of  Lewis  and  Harrison.  It 
is  about  100  miles  long.     See  Tygart's  Valley  Rivkr. 

Mononga'lia,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia, 
borders  on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  325  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Monongahela  and  Cheat  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad.  Capital,  Morgantown.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,547; 
in  1880,  14,985;  in  1890,  15,705. 

Monon'omy  Point  Light,  on  the  extreme  southern 
point  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts.  A  nar- 
row channel,  of  sufficient  depth  to  be  navigated  by  small 
craft,  has  been  worn  across  the  neck  by  the  action  of  the 
sea,  separating  it  from  the  mainland.  The  lantern  has  an 
elevation  of  25  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  shows  a 
fixed  light.     Lat.  41°  33'  42"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  W. 

Mo'no  Pass,  California,  a  pass  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
on  the  S.W.  border  of  Mono  co.,  near  lat.  38°  N.  The 
highest  part  of  the  pass  is  10,765  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  being  the  most  elevated  pass  in  actual  use  within  oar 
territory. 

Monopoli,  mo-nop'o-le,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Italy, 
province  and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  It 
is  situated  on  an  eminence,  walled,  and  defended  by  a  castle. 
It  has  2  suburbs,  consisting  of  well-built  houses ;  but  the 
town  itself  is  indifferently  built,  and  the  houses  are  too  lofty 
for  the  width  of  the  streets,  which  in  consequence  are  dark 
and  gloomy.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and 
numerous  churches,  2  harbors,  with  great  depth  of  water, 
but  imperfectly  sheltered,  and  a  trade  in  woollen  and  cotton 
cloth  (both  extensively  manufactured  in  the  town),  wine, 
and  olives.     Pop.  20,684. 

Monoqnet,  mdn-o-k8t',  a  village  of  Kosciusko  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A 


MON 


1866 


MON 


Michigan   Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Warsaw.      It  has  2 
fthurches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  92. 

Monor,  mo^noR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  6462. 

Monostor,  mo'nosHoR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen. 

Monostor,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  on  an 
island  of  the  Danube. 

Monostor,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Temesvar. 
Pop.  1440. 

Monostorszeg,  mo^nosHoR^sfig',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  with  which  a  navigable 
canal  here  communicates,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen. 
Pop.  5136. 

Monot'ony,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad. 

Monovar,  mo-no-vaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Elda,  defended  by  a 
eastle.     Pop.  6544. 

Mo'noville,  a  mining-camp  of  Mono  co.,  Cal.,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Aurora,  Nev.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Monpazier,  m6N»^p4^ze-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bergerao.     Pop.  1025. 

Monpeyronx-de-Bosquet.    See  Montpetboux. 

Monpout,  m6N»^p6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
on  the  Isle,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Riberao.     Pop.  1697. 

Monreal  del  Campo,  mon-r&'&l  di\  kam'po^  a  town 
of  Spain,  Aragon,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1687. 

Mx>nreale,  mon-r&-&'l&,  or  Montreale,  mont-r&-&'l&, 
a  town  of  Sicily,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Palermo,  with  which  it 
communicates  by  a  noble  road.  Pop.  16,211.  It  stands  on 
a  steep  hill,  and  has  a  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
world,  and  an  export  trade  in  corn,  oil,  and  fruit,  raised  in 
its  vicinity.  It  was  founded  in  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth 
century  by  the  Norman  prince  William  the  Good,  who  also 
founded  its  magnificent  cathedral  and  the  Benedictine  con- 
vent, which  possesses  an  excellent  library.  Monreale  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  college.  Outside  the  town, 
picturesquely  situated  among  steep  rocks,  is  a  royal  sum- 
mer residence. 

Monroe,  mun-ro',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Alabama  River,  which  runs 
in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Limestone 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Monroeville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,214;  in  1880,  17,091;  in  1890,  18,990. 

Moijiroe,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  696  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White 
River  (which  also  forms  the  S.W.  boundary),  and  is  drained 
by  the  Cache  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  white  oak,  hickory,  sas- 
safras, cypress,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  Midland  Railroad,  the  St.  Louis  South- 
western Railroad,  the  Brinkley,  Helena  &  Indian  Bay  Rail- 
road, the  Little  Rock  &  Memphis  Railroad,  and  the  White 
&  Black  River  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Clarendon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8336;  in  1880,  9574;  in  1890,  15,336. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  692  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Lake  Okechobee.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  occupied  by  swamps, 
lakes,  forests,  and  everglades.  The  soil  produces  pasture 
for  large  numbers  of  cattle.  This  county  comprises  many 
small  coral  islands,  called  "keys."  Capital,  Key  West. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5657;  in  1880,  10,940;  in  1890,  18,786. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Echeconnee,  Tobesofka,  and  Towaliga  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  *its  minerals  are 
granite  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Forsyth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  17,213;  in  1880,  18,808;  in  1890,  19,137. 

Monroe,  a  southwestern  county  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Missouri.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly  and  partly  level,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
oorn,  oats,  and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Waterloo.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,982;  in  1880,  13,682;  in  1890,  12,948. 


Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Bean  Blossom  and  Salt  Creeks.  The  East  Fork  of  White 
River  touches  its  N.W.  corner.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating, and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Bloomington,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,168;  in  1880,  16,875;  in  1890,  17,673. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Cedar  and  Soap 
Creeks,  afiiuents  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  which  touches 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  is  partly  based  on  limestone.  Indian 
oorn,  wheat,  oats,  bay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, the  Iowa  Central  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<jb  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  three  of 
which  centre  at  Albia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,724* 
in  1880,  13,719;  in  1890,  13,666. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  272  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected in  the  extreme  southeastern  part  by  the  Cumberland 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Big  Barren  River,  which 
rises  in  its  northwestern  part,  intersects  Warren  co.,  and 
there  enters  into  Green  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  about  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county. 
Capital,  Tompkinsville,  situated  near  the  centre  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  9231;  in  1880,  10,741;  in  1890, 
10,989. 

Monroe,  a  southeastern  county  of  Michigan,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Huron 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Raisin  River  and  Stony 
Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
dense  forests,  undulating  prairies,  and  open  groves  of  oak 
and  hickory.  Among  the  other  forest  trees  are  the  ash  and 
sugar-maple.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  limestone  (Upper  Silurian),  a  good  material  fur 
building.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad, 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  Jk 
Mackinac  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  &  North 
Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,483; 
in  1880,  33,624 ;  in  1890,  32,337. 

Monroe,  a  northeastern  county  of  Mississippi,  borders 
on  Alabama.  Area,  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Tombigbee  and  Buttahatchee  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  beech,  cypress,  elm,  hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  tulip- 
tree,  &c.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
Cretaceous  strata  underlie  the  soil.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  and  the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham 
Railroad,  which  centre  at  Aberdeen,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  22,631 ;  in  1880,  28,553 ;  in  1890,  30,730. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  644  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Salt 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Middle  and  South  Forks  of 
that  river,  and  by  a  creek  called  Long  Branch.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the. minerals  of  this 
county  are  coal  and  carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Paris,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,149;  in  1880, 
19,071 ;  in  1890,  20,790. 

Monroe,  a  western  county  of  New  York,  has  an  area 
of  721  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  is  intersected  by  the  Genesee  River,  which  runs 
northward  and  enters  that  lake  7  miles  north  of  Rochester, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Irondequoit,  Honeoye,  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  or  gently  undulating. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  butter,  potatoes,  apples, 
and  wool  are  among  its  staple  products,  while  in  the  produc- 
tion of  wheat  and  Indian  corn  it  has  ranked  foremost 
among  the  counties  of  the  state.  Niagara  (Silurian) 
limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  crops  out  in  this 
oounty,  which  has  also  deposits  of  gypsum,  water-lime. 


MON 


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MON 


and  Medina  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal, 
by  several  branches  of  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  and  by  a  number  of  other  lines,  nearly  all 
of  which  centre  at  Rochester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
117,868;  in  1875,  134,534;  in  1880,  144,903;  in  1890, 
189,586. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  borders  on 
West  Virginia.  Area,  about  468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  Little  Muskingum  River  and  Sunfish  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  tobacco, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Bellaire,  Zanesville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  which 
connects  with  Woodsfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 26,779 ; 
in  1880,  26,496;  in  1890,  25,176. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Brodhead's,  Bushkill, 
and  Tobyhanna  Creeks.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain 
extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  pre- 
sents beautiful  scenery  at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  a  fash- 
ionable summer  resort.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high 
hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  chest- 
nut, hickory,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  oats,  lumber, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad  and  the  New  York,  Sus- 
quehanna &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Stroudsbnrg.  Pop. 
in  1870,  18,362;  in  1880,  20,175;  in  1890,  20,111. 

Monroe,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  borders  on  North 
Carolina.  Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Unaka  or  Smoky  Mountain,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Tellico  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
road and  Marietta  &  North  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Madisonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,589;  in  1880,  14,283;  in 
1890,  16,329. 

Monroe,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  460  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Kanawha  or  New  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Greenbrier  Rivpr.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  This  county  comprises  a 
part  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Several 
mineral  springs  are  found  in  it.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,124;  in  1880,  11,501;  in  1890,  12,429. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Lemonweir, 
Kickapoo,  and  La  Crosse  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  Black 
River  touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  this  county.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  hops,  cattle,  and  pine  lum- 
ber are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  latter  two  of  which  passes 
through  Sparta,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,550;  in  1875, 
21,026;  in  1880,  21,607;  in  1890,  23,211. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1130. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Housatonic 
Railroad,  contains  Stepney  Depot,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1226. 

Monroe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walton  co.,  Ga., 
about  48  miles  E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  court- 
house, and  a  seminary.     Pop.  in  1800,  983. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  111.     Pop.  630. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Hardin  co..  111.  Pop.  1468.  It 
contains  Spark's  Hill. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.  Pop.  923.  It 
contains  Monroe  Centre. 

Monroe,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Richmond  <k  Fort  Wayne  Railroad.  Pop.  960. 
Monroe  Post-OfiBce  is  6  miles  S.  of  Decatur. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1479. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  910. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1863. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1247. 
It  oontaina  McCowan. 


Monroe,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1047. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  891. 
It  contains  New  London. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1760. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  990. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2221. 
It  contains  Alexandria. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1467. 
It  contains  Monrovia. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1820. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1418. 
It  contains  Winamac. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1608. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1662. 
It  contains  Farmland  and  Morristown. 

Monroe,  township,  Washington  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1058. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  752. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  692. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  1026. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Fairview  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  33  milea 
E.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pella.  It 
is  also  connected  with  Newton  (17  miles  N.)  by  the  Jasper 
County  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
farming-implements,  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  952. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  889. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1150. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  619. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1279. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  774. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  383. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  660. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  640. 

Monroe,  township,  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  628. 

Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  about  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Salina. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  12  milea  S.B. 
of  Rowlett's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Monroe,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ouachita  parish.  La., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  and  on  the  North 
Louisiana  <k  Texas  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  and  about  100  miles  E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  United  States  land-office, 
a  Catholic  academy,  and  7  churches.  The  machine-shops 
of  the  railroad  are  located  here.  About  20,000  bales  of 
cotton  are  annually  shipped  at  Monroe.  Large  steamboats 
navigate  the  river  from  this  place  to  its  mouth  nearly  nine 
months  in  the  year,  and  the  river  is  also  navigable  above 
Monroe  during  high  water.     Pop.  in  1890,  3256. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor,  and  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Brooks  Station  on  the  Belfast  Branch  of  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1375. 

Monroe,  a  small  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mas*., 
9  miles  E.N.E.  of  North  Adams,  is  drained  by  the  Deerfield 
River.     It  has  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  190. 

Monroe,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  Is 
situated  on  the  Raisin  River,  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Erie,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Toledo,  and  31  miles  E.  of  Adrian.  It  is  connected  with 
the  lake  by  a  ship-canal,  is  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Flint 
<k  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  The  Toledo,  Canada  Southern 
<k  Detroit  Railroad  connects  it  with  Detroit  and  Toledo.  It 
contains  a  stone  court-house,  several  handsome  residences, 
1  or  2  national  banks,  2  private  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  young  ladies'  collegiate  institute,  9  churches,  5  flouring- 
mills,  2  foundries,  2  tanneries,  a  woollen-mill,  a  brewery,  a 
stave-factory,  2  large  nurseries,  and  manufactories  of  sash 
and  blinds,  lumber,  tobacco,  and  wine.     Pop.  (1890)  5258. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Newaygo  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  168, 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  181. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  oo.,  Minn.,  in  Galen* 
township,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fairmont. 

Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Miss. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  729. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2616. 
It  contains  Cap  au  Gris. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Livingston  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  716. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  880.  It 
contains  Monroe  City.     See  Monrok  Crrr. 

Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Platte  oo..  Neb.,  on  the  Louy 
Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbu' 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  17  miles  N.  of 


MON 


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Harerhill,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  632. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1663. 
It  contains  Williamstown. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.  Pop.  3253. 
It  contains  Jamesburg,  Prospect  Plain,  <fcc. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sparta  township,  Sussex  oo., 
N.J.,  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  near  Sparta  Station,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a 
Kroom-factory. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Monroe 
township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
York  City,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Goshen.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  comprises 
part  of  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  and  several  lakes.  It 
contains  villages  named  Turner's  and  Greenwood  Iron- 
Works,  and  has  a  pop.  of  4967. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  840. 

Monroe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  N.C,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte,  and  140  miles  W.S.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  ofice,  and 
has  manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  <fcc.  Fop.  in  1890, 
1866  ;  of  the  township,  4876. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1304.  It 
contains  Wrightsville. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.    Pop.  1739. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  C,  about  66 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  Pop.  1419.  It  contains  ham- 
lets named  Eelloggsville,  Monroe  Centre,  and  Clark's 
Comers. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Lemon  township,  Butler  oo., 
0.,  25  lailes  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Leb- 
anon. It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  324. 
Monroe  Railroad  Station,  which  is  1^  miles  distant,  is  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  931. 

Monroe^  a  township  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2088. 
It  contains  Laurel  and  Point  Pleasant. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.     Pop.  832. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.    Pop.  1226. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1018. 
It  contains  Birmingham. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     Pop.  1012. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pop.  658. 

Monroe,  Highland  co.,  0.    See  East  Monkoe. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Holmes  oo.,  0.     Pop.  921. 

Monroe,  Jackson  co.,  0.    See  Monroe  Furnace. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0,     Pop.  1087. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1119.  It 
contains  Johnson. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  1372. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.    Pop.  463. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  2704.  It 
contains  Tippecanoe  City. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.  Pop.  376. 
It  contains  Otsego. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1120. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  1870. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Preble  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1631. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.    Pop.  451. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Richland  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1572. 
It  contains  Lucas. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  or 
near  the  Willamette  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Junction  City. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Bedford  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  1719. 

Monroe,  or  Monroeton,  a  post-borough  in  Monroe 
township,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Towanda  Creek,  and  on  the 
Barclay  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sullivan  <fc  Erie 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Towanda.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  496 ;  of  the  township,  1596. 

Monroe,  a  village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
River,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Easton. 

Monroe,  a  station  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Butler  Extension),  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Freeport. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1334.  It 
contains  Curllsville.     See  also  Monroeville. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo..  Pa.   Pop.  1832. 

Monroe,  a  village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from 
Uniontown,  and  about  45  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1078. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1124. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  AVyoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  974. 


Monroe,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  is  Monroe 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Tunkhannock,  and  about  20  miles 
W.  of  Soranton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  3  stored, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Here  is  Bowman's 
Creek  Post-Offioe. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Overton  oo.,  Tenn.,  about  90 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Texas,  12  miles  S. 
of  Longview.    It  has  a  church. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  oo.,  Utah,  on  Sevier 
River,  about  100  miles  S.  of  York.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  469. 

Monroe,  a  post-viUage,  capital  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  in 
Monroe  township,  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Janesville,  and  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  10  oburohes,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  and  2  steam  mills,  and  has  manufactures  of  brooms, 
cheese,  wagons,  <fcc.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  publisbed 
here.    Pop.  in  1890,  3768  ;  of  the  township,  additional,  <dM). 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  oo.,  DI.,  about 
13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford,  with  a  station  on  the  Chicago 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Davis  Junction.  Pop. 
about  100. 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-office  in  Monroe  township, 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  14  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     It  has  a  church. 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  cu., 
Mich.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Traverse  City.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville,  Pa. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  town  hall,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Monroe  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo..  111.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Monroe  City,  a  post-village  of  Knox  oo.,  Ind.,  about 

11  miles  S.E.  of  Yincennes.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.  Pop.  about  300.  The  name  of  its  po8t-offio« 
IS  Lovely  Dale. 

Monroe  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  is  on 
a  fertile  prairie,  on  the  Hannibal  &.  St.  Joseph  Railroad  and 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  <jb  Texas  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Hannibal,  and  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Moberly.  It  contains 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Monroe  Institute  (for  both 
sexes),  4  churcnea,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  900. 

Monroe  Draft,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W. 
Va.,  3i  miles  E.  of  Ronceverte.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
chair-factory. 

Monroe  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Portsmouth  division  of  the  Marietta  &.  Cincinnati  Ilail- 
road,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Monroe  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 

Monroe  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  2i  miles  from  Howard  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Monroeton,  mun-ro'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rooking 
ham  CO.,  N.C,  about  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Monroeton,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.    See  Monroe. 

Monroeville,  miin-ro'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  about  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  the  Monroe  Institute. 

Monroeville,  a  post- village  in  Monroe  township,  Allen 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  and  a  tile- 
factory.     Pop.  630. 

Monroeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  has  a 
church. 

Monroeville,  a  post-village  in  Ridgefield  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake 
Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  of  Sandusky,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Norwalk.  It  contains 
a  bank,  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  1344. 

Monroeville,  a  hamlet  in  Brush  Creek  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  0.,  2  miles  S.  of  Salineville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery.     Here  is  Croxton  Post-Office.     Pop.  82. 

Monroeville,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  about 

12  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Monroeville,  a  post-village  in  Beaver  township,  Clar- 
ion CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Emlenton  &  Shippenville  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Emlenton.  It  has  numerous  oil-wells  and  several 
business  houses.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Monroe. 

Monroe  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Southfleld  Station,  42  miles  N.N.W. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  furnace  for  pig-iron.  <tc. 


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Monrovia,  miin-ro're-^,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Liberia,  on  the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  rirer  Mesu- 
rado.  Lat.  6°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  48'  W.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Liberia  College.     Pop.  1000. 

Monrovia,  miin-ro've-a,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Monrovia,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  about 
26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  348. 

Monrovia,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township,  Atchison 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  fine  school-house,  and  a  nursery.     Pop.  about  100. 

Monrovia,  a  post- village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Mons,  mAirss  (Flemish,  Bergen,  b^R'n^n;  ano.  Mon'tet 
Hano'nim),  a  town  of  Belgium,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Hainaut,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tournay,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion. It  has  five  gates,  and  is  commanded  by  a  castle, 
"  Ch!lteau-Lieu,"  but  its  strong  forts  have  been  dismantled. 
The  town  has  a  flourishing  appearance ;  its  principal  streets 
are  wide  and  straight,  though  occasionally  somewhat  steep, 
and  some  of- its  8  squares  are  spacious  and  lined  with  hand- 
some houses  and  public  buildings.  It  has  5  churches,  those 
of  St.  Wardru  and  St.  Elizabeth  being  beautiful  structures, 
a  Gothic  town  hall,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  court-house, 
arsenal,  theatre,  a  school  of  arts,  academy  of  music,  min- 
eralogical,  architectural,  and  horticultural  societies,  medi- 
cal seminary,  orphan  asylum,  a  deaf  and  dumb  institution, 
lunatic  asylums,  a  college,  and  numerous  public  and  private 
schools.  Its  manufactures  consist  of  linen,  woollen,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  fire-arms,  cutlery,  musical  instruments,  and 
sugar;  it  has  also  copper-,  lead-,  and  pewter-foundries,  brew- 
eries, and  bleach-fields,  and  an  active  trade  in  timber,  coal, 
building-stone,  and  grain,  the  transfer  of  which  is  facilitated 
by  canals.  In  1425  Jean  IV.,  Duke  of  Brabant,  aided  by 
Philip  the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  besieged  and  took  the 
town.  It  afterwards  sustained  several  sieges,  and  was 
alternately  in  the  hands  of  the  Austrians,  Spaniards,  and 
French  till,  in  1794,  it  fell  to  the  latter,  and  was  retained 
by  them  till  1814.  Pop.  24,638.  This  district  of  country 
is  called  the  Borinaoe,  and  the  miners  are  called  Borains. 

Mons,  m6N8S,  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Draguignan.     Near  it  is  a  magnificent  grotto. 

Mons  Adhejnari,  France.    See  Mont£limar. 

Mons  Albanus,  the  ancient  name  of  Montauban. 

Mons  Albus,  the  Latin  name  of  Mont  Blanc. 

Monsanto,  mon-sin'to,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira,  43. miles  S.E.  of  Guarda.     Pojp.  1749. 

Monsaras,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  M0N9ARAS. 

Mons  Aureus,  the  Latin  name  of  Montoir. 

Mons  Barras,  the  Latin  name  of  Montbard. 

Mous  Basonis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montbazon. 

Mons  Cadmus,  the  ancient  name  of  Baba  Daoh. 

Mons  Caunus,  a  mountain  of  Spain.     See  Moncayo. 

Mons  Desiderii,  the  Latin  name  of  Montdidier. 

Mons  Draconis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montdragom. 

Monsefu,  mon-si-foo',  a  town  of  Peru,  province  of 
Chiclayo.  It  has  manufactures  of  straw  hats,  cigar-boxes, 
copper  boilers,  and  sugar-machinery.     Pop.  6000. 

Monsegur,  m6N»^si^guR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
near  the  Dropt,  7  miles  N.E.  of  La  R6ole.     Pop.  1704. 

Monselice,  mon-si-lee'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
B.W.  of  Padua,  on  the  Canal  of  Monselice,  which  extends 
from  Padua  to  Este.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  linen, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  9765. 

Monserrat,  mon-seR-Rit',  or  Montserrat,  mont- 
sjR-Rit',  a  mountain  of  Spain,  province  and  19  miles  N.W. 
of  Barcelona,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Llobregat.  It  is 
3919  feet  in  height,  and  consists  of  a  great  number  of  lofty, 
isolated  peaks,  between  which  the  ascent  is  made  with  great 
difficulty.  About  midway  up  its  E.  side  stands  the  famous 
monastery  of  the  same  name.  It  possesses  an  image  of  the 
Virgin,  whose  alleged  miraculous  powers  used  to  attract 
vast  numbers  of  pilgrims ;  and  perched  on  the  surrounding 
rooks  are  numbers  of  hermitages,  several  of  which  have 
been  occupied  by  distinguished  saints. 

Monsey,  miin'se,  a  post-village  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ramapo  township,  on  the  Piermont  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Piermont.     It  has  3  churches. 

Mons  Fagi,  the  Latin  name  of  Mcnzifay. 

Mous  Fagi,  a  Latin  name  of  Habern. 

Mons  Fortis  Amalarici.    See  Montport-Lamaury. 

Mousheim,  mons'hime,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg, 
ftircle  of  Neckar,  on  the  Kreuzbach.     Pop.  1129. 

Mons  Johannis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montjean. 

Mons  Jovis.     See  Saint-Bernard,  and  Montjoie. 


Mons  Lupelli,  the  Latin  name  of  Montlijel. 

Mons  Martiani,  the  Latin  name  of  Momt-de-Mabsah. 

Mons  Mirabilis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montmibail. 

Monsol,  miN»*8ol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1428. 

Monson,  miln'spn,  a  post-village  in  Monson  township, 
Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  on  Hebron  Pond,  about  54  miles  N.W. 
of  Bangor.  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship has  several  slate-quarries,  Ac.     Pop.  604. 

Monson,  a  post-village  in  Monson  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Masfi.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.  of  Palmer,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  contains 
3  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
a  large  state  school  for  the  children  of  alien  paupers,  and 
manufactories  of  carriages,  woollen,  cotton,  and  straw  good6. 
Fine  granite  is  quarried  here.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N,  by  the  Chicopee  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  3650. 

Mons  Pensatus,  the  Latin  name  of  MoNTPizAT. 

Mons  Fessulamus,  the  Latin  name  of  Montpellier. 

Mons  Regalis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montreal. 

Mons  Regius,  the  Latin  name  of  Eoniosberg. 

Mons  Setius,  an  ancient  name  of  Cette. 

Monster,  mon'st^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  South  Holland,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rotterdam. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3795. 

Monsteriolnm,  the  Latin  name  of  Montreuil. 

Monsnmmano,  mon^soom-m&'no,  a  town   of  Italy, 

Erovince  and  15  miles  E.  of  Lucca,  with  natural  vapor 
aths  in  a  grotto  near  the  town.     Pop.  6733. 

Mons  Vici,  thp  Latin  name  of  Mondovi. 

Monsweiler,  mftns'^i-l^r,  a  village  in  Alsace-Lor- 
raine, near  Zabern 

Monta,  mon'ti  (L.  Montaia),  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Coni,  immediately  N.W.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2827. 

Montabanr,  mon't3.-b5wR\  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  miles 
N.  of  Nassau.  It  has  oil-mills  and  manufactures  of  linen 
and  paper.     Pop.  3346. 

Montafnnerthal,  mon^t&-foo'n^r-t&r,  a  wild  and  ro- 
mantic valley  of  Austria,  in  the  S.E.  of  Vorarlberg,  near 
St.  Peler,  traversed  by  the  HI.  It  forms  a  district  of  about 
150  square  miles,  includes  10  parishes,  is  governed  by  its 
own  landamman,  and  has  a  population  of  8900.  Its  chief 
town  is  Schruns. 

Montagna,  mon-t&n'y&,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  2 
miles  E.  of  Sondrio.     Pop.  of  commune,  1845. 

Montagnac,  m6N<>Han^y&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hl- 
rault,  on  the  H^rault,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montpellier. 
Pop.  3811.     Brandy  is  made  here. 

Montagnana,  mon-t&n-y&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Padua,  on  the  Frassina.  Pop.  9178.  It  has 
a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  clothe 
hats,  and  leather. 

Montague,  mon'ta-gu,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  890  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Red  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Clear 
Creek  and  the  Denton  Fork  of  Trinity  River.  A  large 
part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  pro- 
duces pasture  for  cattle,  which  form  the  chief  article  of 
export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two  important  rail- 
roads. Capital,  Montague.  Pop.  in  1870,  890;  in  1880, 
11,257;  in  1890,  18,863. 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road and  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Railroad,  52  miles 
W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  4  or  5  miles  S.E.  of  Greenfield.  It 
has  a  high  school  and  4  churches.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  cutlery,  paper,  and  other  articles. 
It  contains  villages  named  Turners  Falls  and  Miller's  Fall?. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  6296. 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township,  Mus- 
kegon CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muskegon,  and  5  miles  E.  of 
Lake  Michigan.  It  is  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  navigable 
White  Lake,  which  is  7  miles  long.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  graded  school,  6  churches, 
a  brewery,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a 
planing-mill,  and  several  lumber-mills.  Large  steamers 
come  from  Lake  Michigan  to  this  place.  Many  peaches  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1693;  of  the  township,  1967. 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township,  Sus- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Port  Jervis,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 932. 

Montague,  a  post-office  in  Montague  township,  Lewis 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  732. 


MON 


1870 


MON 


Montagne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montague  co., 
Tex.,  about  86  miles  N.W.  of  Dallas,  and  75  miles  W.  of 
Sherman.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce,  3  churches,  2  grist- 
mills, and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  328 ;  in  1890,  795. 

Montague,  a  small  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Montague,  mon'ta-gu,  or  Rose'ville,  a  post-village 
in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  from  Smith's  Falls.    P.  100. 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  26  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown.  It  contains,  several 
stores,  a  hotel,  a  brewery,  a  tannery,  2  grist-  and  saw- 
mills, ship-yards,  <fco.     Pop.  350. 

Montague  City,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 
Vermont  <fc  Massachusetts  Railroad  (Turner's  Falls  Branch), 
36  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Greenfield. 

Montague  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  in  Queens 
CO.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  20  miles  from  Charlottetown. 
Pop.  200. 

Montague  Gold-Mines,  a  post-village  in  Halifax 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  near  Lake  Loon,  5  miles  from  Halifax. 
Pop.  400.     Here  are  rich  gold-mines. 

Montague  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Che-Kiang.     Lat.  29°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  5'  E. 

Montague  Island,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  in  the 
South  Pacific.     Lat.  17°  26'  S.;  Ion.  168°  17'  E. 

Montague  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  ofif 
East  Australia.     Lat.  36°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  24'  E. 

Montague  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
Alaska,  Prince  William  Sound.  Lat.  fiO°  N. ;  Ion.  146°  60' 
W.     Length,  50  miles ;  breadth,  8  miles. 

Montague  Island,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  in 
the  South  Atlantic.     Lat.  58°  27'  S. ;  Ion.  26°  44'  W. 

Montague  and  Bristol  Islands,  in  the  Antarctic 
Ocean.     Lat.  58°  S. ;  Ion.  27°  "W. 

Montague  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  28  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  several 
stores  and  ship-yards,  and  a  good  trade  in  lumber  and 
grain.     Pop.  200. 

Montague  Sound,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  14°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  125°  30'  E. 

Montaigu,  m6N»Hi^gu'(  Flemish,  Scherpenheuvel,  skSr'- 
p^n-hoV^l,  the  signification  of  both  names  being  the  same, 
— "  sharp  mountain"),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2400. 

Montaigu,  mftuoHi^gii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  1802. 

Montaigut,  m6N<>H&'gii',  or  Montaigu,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Puy-de-D8me,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Riom,    P.  1710. 

Montailleur,  m6N<»H8.h^yuR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Upper  Savoy,  3  miles  from  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  900. 

Montaimont,  m6N<>^ti^m6N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  7  miles  N.  of  Saint-Jean  de  Maurienne.     Pop.  1500. 

Mont^oue,  mon-t4-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,556. 

Montalban,  mon-t&l-b&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  S.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2497. 

Montalban,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province  and  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1260. 

Montalban,  mon-t&l-b&n',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state 
of  Carabobo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  6769. 

Montalbano,  mon-t&l-b&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Basilicata,  26  miles  S.S.W,  of  Matera.     Pop.  6225. 

Montalbodo,  mon-t&l-bo'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  about  19  miles  W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  5903. 

Mont-Alcino,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  MIontk  Alcino. 

Montaldo-d'Acqui,  mon-t&l'do-d&k'kwee,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1182. 

Montaldo-di-Mondovi,  mon-t&l'do-dee-mon-do- 
vee',  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Coni,  6  miles  S.  of  Mondovi. 
Pop.  2067. 

Montaldo-Roero,  mon-t&I'do-ro-&'ro,  a  village  of 
Ttaly,  province  of  Coni,  6  miles  from  Albi.     Pop.  1432. 

Montaldo-Scaranipi,mon-til'do-ski-r4m'pee,  a  vil- 
li.ge  of  Italy,  province  of  Asti.     Pop.  1247. 

Montale,  mon-tl'li,  a  town  and  commune  of  Italy, 
province  and  6  miles  E.  of  Pistoja.     Pop.  8218. 

Montalegre,  mon-ti-li'gri,  a  market-town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Tras-os-Montes,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chaves. 

Montalegre,  mon-ti-li'gri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Par£,  on  the  Amazon,  about  80  miles  below  Santarem. 
Pop.  of  district,  4000. 

Montalengo,  mon-t4-lfin'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Turin,  8  miles  S.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1280. 

Montalto,  mon-t&l'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1222. 

Montalto,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles 


N.N.E.  of  Ascoli.    It  is  a  bishop's  see.    Pope  Sixtua  V.  waa 
born  here.     Pop.  3213. 

Montalto  (L.  Bahia),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  5298. 

Montalto,  a  viUage  of  Italy,  12  miles  from  San  Remo. 
Pop.  1050. 

Montalto,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin,  2  miles  N.  of 
Ivrea,  on  the  Dora.     Pop.  1325. 

Mont  Alto,  Franklin  co..  Pa.     See  Fonkstown. 

Mont  Alto  Junction,  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  is  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Cumberland  Valley  &  Mont  Alto  Railroad, 
3i  miles  N.E.  of  Chambersburg. 

Montalvfto,mon-t&l-v5wN»',  asmall  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Porta- 
legre.     Pop.  1373. 

Montalvo,  mon-t&l'vo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Caatile, 
30  miles  from  Cuenca. 

Montana,  mSn-t&'n^  one  of  the  northwestern  states 
of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  British  Columbia 
and  Assiniboia,  E.  by  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota,  S. 
by  Wyoming  and  Idaho,  and  W.  by  Idaho.  Its  northern 
limit  is  49°  N.  lat. ;  its  eastern,  104°  W.  Ion. ;  its  southern 
is  defined  principally  by  the  45th  degree  of  N.  lat. ;  and 
its  western  line  for  the  most  part  follows  the  crest  of  the 
Bitter  Root  Mountains  and  the  main  chain  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.     Area,  146,080  square  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  generally  mountainous,  espe- 
cially westward.  The  main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
enters  the  state  from  the  N.,  runs  200  miles  in  a  S.S.E. 
course,  and  then  curves  westward  till  it  reaches  the  western 
line  of  the  state,  at  the  junction  of  the  Bitter  Root  Moun- 
tains with  the  parent  chain.  To  the  eastward  occur  the 
Little  Rocky,  Little  Bear,  Bear's  Paw,  Kay-i-you,  Gallatin, 
and  other  mountain -ranges.  Through  these  the  rivers  often 
flow  in  deeply  «roded  and  pictnresque  caHons.  On  the  E. 
side  of  the  Yellowstone,  near  its  lower  cafion,  is  a  beauti- 
fully symmetrical  mountain-range,  and  small  isolated  moun- 
tain-ranges flank  that  river  on  either  side  to  a  point  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Tongue  River.  Some  of  the  Upper  Yel- 
lowstone mountains  ascend  11,000  feet  above  the  sea,  and 
are  crowned  with  perpetual  snow.  Many  parts  of  the  state 
have  a  remarkably  rough  surface,  with  peaks  of  basalt,  tuff, 
and  other  volcanic  rock.  Pine,  cedar,  and  fir  trees  clothe 
many  of  the  mountain-sides,  and  many  of  the  river-bottoms 
have  much  cottonwood  and  other  timber.  Along  the  Three 
Forks  of  the  Missouri,  and  elsewhere  in  the  state,  there  is 
much  gently  undulating  prairie,  of  the  finest  agricultural 
capabilities. 

Rivera. — Here  rise  the  Missouri  and  the  Clarke's  Fork 
of  the  Columbia ;  and  the  Yellowstone,  which  is  the  largest 
tributary  the  Missouri  receives,  flows  in  this  state  through- 
out nearly  its  whole  course.  The  Maria's,  Milk,  Muscle- 
shell,  Big  Horn,  Rose  Bud,  Powder,  Tongue,  Sun,  Gallatin, 
Jefferson,  Madison,  Stinking  Water,  and  Beaverhead  Rivers 
are  tributary  to  the  Missouri,  directly  or  through  the  Yel- 
lowstone. The  Missouri  may  be  navigated  by  steamboats 
as  far  as  Fort  Benton ;  and  the  Yellowstone,  with  one  or 
two  of  its  main  tributaries,  may  also  be  navigated  in  good 
stages  of  water.  Some  of  the  mountain-streams  have  an 
exceedingly  rapid  descent,  and,  being  fed  by  mountain- 
snows,  their  waters  afford  unfailing  motive-power  and  un- 
excelled facilities  for  irrigation. 

Qeology  and  Minerals. — The  geological  strata,  especially 
in  those  districts  which  have  been  so  effectually  disturbed 
by  volcanic  action,  are  much  broken ;  and  here,  as  well  as 
along  the  deep  river-canons,  are  exposed  the  strata  of  every 
geologic  age,  from  the  primordial  quartzite  to  the  tertiary, 
with  the  exception  of  the  Devonian  and  triassic,  which 
appear  to  be  entirely  absent.  In  the  W.  the  azoic  forma- 
tions are  most  prevalent ;  next  to  the  eastward,  the  Jurassic ; 
still  farther  eastward,  the  cretaceous ;  and  along  the  Da- 
kota front  the  tertiary  extends,  covering  the  northeastern 
third  of  the  state.  The  carboniferous  strata,  though  thick, 
do  not  appear  to  yield  any  coal,  but  there  are  abundant 
and  well-distributed  lignitic  coals  of  cretaceous  or  tertiary 
age,  or  both.  The  quality  of  the  coal  is  good,  and  it  is 
now  extensively  mined.  But  the  great  mineral  wealth  of 
Montana  consists  principally  in  her  deposits  of  gold,  silver, 
and  copper.  The  production  of  copper  is  greater  than  that 
in  any  other  state,  and  in  the  product  of  the  precious 
metals  Montana  is  also  unrivalled.  The  mineral  output  for 
1890  was  valued  at  $47,848,000. 

Agricultural  Resources. — The  prairie-lands,  river-bot- 
toms, bench-lands,  and  many  of  the  mountain-valleys  offer 
a  wide  extent  of  excellent  wheat-land  to  the  agriculturist, 
and  in  general  such  soils  may  be  tilled  with  remarkable  ease. 
No  other  part  of  the  United  States,  it  has  been  said,  offers 


MON 


1871 


MON 


fluoh  advantages  to  the  stock-raiser  and  the  wool-grower  as 
Montana,  whose  rich  and  nutritious  bunch,  buffalo,  and 
grama  grasses  are  eagerly  fed  upon  by  all  the  domestio 
grazing  animals.  Very  little  hay-making  or  winter  fodder- 
ing is  required ;  and  in  the  sheltered  vaUeys  horses,  cattle, 
and  sheep  are  allowed  to  range  all  winter  without  artificial 
protection.  Grasshoppers  have  in  some  seasons  proved 
exceedingly  annoying.  At  present  spring  wheat,  potatoes, 
butter  (here  of  peculiar  excellence),  root-crops,  barley,  and 
oats  are  the  leading  agricultural  products.  Much  of  East- 
ern Montana  appears  to  be  too  dry  for  successful  general 
agriculture;  and  in  the  mountains  and  valleys,  although 
the  rainfall  is  often  ample,  irrigation  has  proved  exceed- 
ingly advantageous,  and  for  its  introduction  there  are  great 
facilities.  The  winter  climate  is  in  general  much  milder 
than  would  be  expected,  considering  the  latitude  and  eleva- 
tion of  the  state ;  but  there  are  occasionally  seasons  when 
the  cold  is  intense,  as  in  March,  1867,  when  for  28  mornings 
out  of  31  the  temperature  was  below  zero  Fahr.,  and  yet 
few  cattle  and  no  horses  died,  although  nearly  all  were 
unfed  and  unsheltered.  The  mercury  has  been  known  to 
fall  to  — 34°  Fahr.,  but  in  the  greater  number  of  winters 
the  cold  is  not  intense,  and  storms  are  unfrequent.  The 
snow-fall  is  never  large,  except  on  high  mountain-peaks. 

Objects  of  Interest. — A  portion  of  the  National  Park  at 
the  head  of  the  Yellowstone  lies  within  the  boundaries  of 
this  state.  This  region  is  celebrated  for  its  wonderful  gey- 
sers and  other  thermal  and  mineral  springs,  for  its  start- 
ling and  altogether  remarkable  scenery  where  the  moun- 
tains and  valleys  are  broken  by  volcanic  rocks,  for  its  great 
cataracts,  its  pleasant  lakes,  and  its  deep  canons.  Within 
this  state  are  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri,  regarded  as 
among  the  grandest  cataracts  known.  The  mountains  and 
streams  afford  abundant  opportunities  for  hunting  and 
fishing. 

Manufactures. — At  present  the  leading  manufacturing 
industries  are  the  sawing  of  lumber,  which  is  extensi  /ely 
carried  on  in  the  well-timbered  districts,  the  milling  and 
stamping  of  quartz,  and  the  grinding  of  wheat,  Ac,  for  the 
home  supply.  The  water-power  of  the  state  is  abundant, 
and  not  much  interrupted  by  freezing  or  drought.  In  1880 
there  were  only  106  miles  of  railway  in  Montana,  but  in 
1887  the  number  had  increased  to  1684  miles,  the  principal 
line  being  the  Northern  Pacific,  which  extends  across  the. 
state  from  east  to  west,  and  with  its  branches  reaches  the 
principal  points  of  interest. 

Counties,  &c. — The  state  contains  the  following  counties, 
viz.,  Beaver  Head,  Cascade,  Choteau,  Custer,  Dawson,  Deer 
Lodge,  Fergus,  Gallatin,  Jefferson,  Lewis  and  Clarke,  Mad- 
ison, Meagher,  Missoula,  Park,  Silver  Bow,  and  Yellow- 
stone. 

The  principal  towns  are  Helena,  the  capital  (pop.  in 
1890,  13,834),  Butte  City  (10,723),  Great  Falls  (3979), 
Anaconda  (3975),  Missoula  (3426),  besides  Livingston, 
Bozeman,  Walkerville,  Marysville,  Deerlodge,  <fcc. 

Oovernment. — The  governor  and  other  state  ofiBcers  are 
elected  by  the  people.  Members  of  the  senate  hold  oflSce 
for  4  years,  representatives  for  2  years,  and  the  biennial 
sessions  of  the  legislature  are  limited  to  60  days.  Owing 
to  a  dispute  between  rival  claimants  in  the  legislature  from 
Silver  Bow  county,  no  business  was  transacted  at  the  first 
legislative  session,  and  no  provision  made  for  canvassing 
votes  for  the  next  election.  The  state  has  one  representa- 
tive in  the  national  congress. 

Education. — The  general  supervision  of  public  instruc- 
tion is  vested  in  a  state  board  of  education.  Provision 
was  made  by  allotments  of  land,  on  the  part  of  the  federal 
government,  for  establishing  a  state  university,  agricultural 
colleges,  a  school  of  mines,  a  state  normal  school,  an  asylum 
for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  and  a  general  school  fund.  The 
public  school  system  is  steadily  improving. 

History. — This  region  was  for  many  years  frequented  by 
no  whites  except  the  trapper,  the  voyageur,  and  the  fur- 
trader,  and  its  eastern  mountains  were  the  abode  of  blood- 
thirsty Indians,  like  the  Crows  and  Blackfeet,  while  in  the 
west  dwelt  the  peaceable  Flatheads  or  Selish,  with  the 
Bannaoks  and  other  inoffensive  tribes.  In  1864,  Montana 
was  organized  as  a  territory,  and  within  a  few  years  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  route  was  surveyed  across  the  ter- 
ritory. Gold  had  been  discovered  in  this  region  as  early  as 
1852,  but  it  was  not  till  twenty  years  later  that  the  greater 
discoveries  of  the  precious  metals  occurred.  The  wonderful 
mineral  resources  soon  attracted  a  superior  class  of  settlers. 
In  1876  the  valley  of  the  Rosebud  River  was  the  scene 
of  Custer's  last  and  fatal  contest  with  the  hostile  Dakota 
bands,  who  were  led  by  Sitting  Bull,  a  malcontent  chief. 
Montana  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state  in  1889. 


Population. — In  1870  the  population  was  20,595 ;  in  1880, 
39,159;  in  1890,  132,159.  The  Indians  on  the  different 
reservations  numbered  in  1890,  10,336.  They  represent 
the  remnants  of  several  once  powerful  tribes  and  nations, 
such  as  the  Piegan,  Crow,  Pend  d'Oreille,  Kootenai,  Flat- 
head, Ealispel,  Assinaboine,  Gros  Ventre,  Sioux,  and  Chey- 
enne. 

Montana,  Iowa.    See  Boonk. 

Montana^  a  post-village  in  Montana  township,  La- 
bette CO.,  Kansas,  on  or  near  the  Neosho  River,  12  milea 
S.E.  of  Parsons,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Oswego.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Pop. 
about  200;  of  the  township,  760. 

Montana  (formerly  Springville),  a  post-village  of 
Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Harmony  township,  on  Scott's  Moun- 
tain, 6  miles  S.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  200. 
Montana,  a  post-township  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Winona,  Minn.,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Eau 
Claire.     Pop.  647. 

Montanaro,  mon-ti-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.  Pop.  4525.  It  has  a  castle. 
Montanches,  mon-t4n'ch5s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.  It  has  a  town  house,  prison, 
2  professorships  of  Latin,  3  elementary  schools,  a  church, 
several  fountains,  and  flour-  and  oil-mills.     Pop.  4341. 

Montan'don,  a  post-village  in  Chillisquaque  township, 
Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  k  Erie  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Lewisburg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek 
Railroad,  li  mUes  from  Lewisburg,  9  miles  above  Sunbury, 
and  15  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Montaner,  m6iJ"^ti*naiR',  a  town  of  France,  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  in  the  arrondissement  of  Pau,  between  the  Lys 
and  the  Lys-DarrS. 

Montargis,  moNHaR^zhee'  (L.  Montar' gium  Vellono- 
dum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loing,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Canals  of  Briare  and  Loing,  38  miles  E.  of 
Orleans.  Pop.  9175,  who  manufacture  cutlery,  hosiery, 
paper,  serge,  <fec.  It  has  ruins  of  walls,  and  of  an  old 
castle  built  by  Charles  V.  of  France. 

Mont-Astnic,  m6.\t-isHrlik',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Haute-Garonne,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1200. 

Montata,  the  Latin  for  Monta. 

Montataire,  m6N»'t4.'taiR',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Oise,  9  miles  from  Senlis,  with  important  iron-, 
copper-,  and  zinc-works.     Pop.  4864. 

Montauban,  m6N»'to'b6N«'  (anc.  Mons  Alba'nus),  a 
town  of  France,  capital  of  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tarn,  and  on  the  railway  from  Bordeaux  to 
Cette,  110  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux,  Pop.  26,952.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  lycSe,  a 
theatre,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  a  seminary  with  Prot- 
estant faculty  of  theology,  a  normal  school,  and  a  library  of 
15,000  volumes.  Montauban,  founded  in  the  middle  of  the 
twelfth  century,  was  one  of  the  first  towns  which  embraced 
the  Reformation,  and  has  been  often  subjected  to  cruel  per- 
secutions. It  has  manufactures  of  porcelain,  leather,  silk, 
bolting-cloths,  paints,  farina,  crockery,  copper-wares,  <fcc. 

Montand,  miuo'ta',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  arrondissement  of  Saint- Etienne.     Pop.  6726. 

Montandin,  miw'tSMiH*',  a  town  of  France,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1547. 

Montank,  m5n'tawk',  a  post-hamlet  of  Dent  oo..  Mo., 
about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  RoUa.  It  has  a  church  and  » 
grist-mill.  ,  ^  ^. 

Montank  Point,  New  York,  a  bold  promontory  at  the 
E.  extremity  of  Long  Island,  in  lat.  41°  4'  N.,  Ion.  71° 
51'  54"  W.  Here  is  a  fixed  light,  about  160  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea. 

Mont'aview,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky. 

Montazzoli,  mon-tit'so-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Chieti,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2990. 

Montbard,  mfts-'baB'  (L.  Mons  Barrus),  a  town  of 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  on  the  Burgundy  Canal,  and  on  the 
railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons,  11  miles  N.  of  Semur.  Pop. 
2427.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  paper,  pottery,  Ac. 

Montbazon,  m6H"'b4^«6H»'  (L.  Mons  Basonis),  a  toyfu 
of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Indre,  8  miles  S.  of 
Tours.     Pop.  1090.  . 

Montbeliard,  m6N»'bi'le-aR',  or  Montbelliartt, 
m6N»*b4rie-aR'  {L.  Mons Pi'liger;  QeT.MUmpelgard,mum'- 
p§l-gaRt'),  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  48  milea  E.N.E.  of 
Besanfon,  on  the  Rhine  <fc  Rhone  Junction  Canal.  Pop. 
7625.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  normal  school,  a  public 
library,  and  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  muslins,  clocks, 
watches,  leather,  and  files. 


MON 


1872 


MON 


Mout  Blanc,  mftu"  blftn-'  (It.  Monte  Bianco,  mon'ti 
be-4n'kj;  L.  Mona  Al'bua;  both  names,  as  well  as  the 
French  Mont  Blanc,  signifying  "  white  mountain"),  a  cele- 
brated mountain  of  the  Alps  of  Savoy,  the  highest  in 
Europe  (except  some  peaks  of  the  Caucasus),  in  lat.  45°  49' 
58"  N.,  Ion.  6°  51'  54"  E.  The  elevation,  as  given  by  the 
Italian  engineers,  is  15,810  feet;  but  this  varies  to  an  ex- 
tent of  several  feet,  according  to  the  amount  of  condensed 
snow  on  its  summit.  Limit  of  the  snow-line,  8000  feet 
above  the  sea.  Thirty-four  glaciers  bound  the  chain  of 
Mont  Blanc,  occupying  a  surface  estimated  at  95  square 
miles.  The  largest  and  most  complex  of  these  is  the  Mer 
de  Glace  {"  sea  of  ice"),  the  lower  part  of  which,  called 
the  Glacier  dea  Boie  ("  glacier  of  the  woods"),  gives  rise 
to  the  river  Arveiron,  2  miles  above  Chamouni.  Mont 
Blanc  was  first  ascended  by  Paocard,  August  8,  1786. 

Montblanch,  mont-blS,nk',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  4656. 

Montbr6hain,  m6N»^br4^hiN»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aisne,  arrondissement  of  Saint-Quentin.     Pop.  2084. 

Montbrison,  m6N»^bree^z6»»'  (L.  Montbrisonium),  a 
lown  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Loire,  234 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  5959.  It  has  a  normal  school, 
a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  ribbons.  It  oommu- 
nicates  by  railway  with  the  Loire  and  with  the  line  from 
Roanne  to  Lyons.     In  its  vicinity  are  mineral  springs. 

Moutbron,  m6No^br6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente, 
16  miles  E.  of  Angoul^me.     Pop.  1416. 

Montbrun,  m6i)»^brilB>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Hante- 
Garonne,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1621. 

Montcalm  9  mont-k&m',  a  county  in  the  W.  central 
part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Flat  and  Pine  Rivers  and  Fish  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  and  sugar-maple 
abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber,  wheat,  Indian  com, 
hay,  potatoes,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana 
Railroad,  the  Toledo,  Saginaw  &,  Muskegon  Railroad,  and 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  the  latter  of 
which  communicates  with  Stanton,  the  capital.  Poj).  in 
1870,13.629;  in  1880,  33,148;  in  1890,  32,637. 

Montcalm,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Montcalm,  a  post-office  of  Bienville  parish,  La. 

Montcalm,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1480. 

Montcalm,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Quebec,  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  co.  of  Joliette,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  co. 
of  L'Assomption,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  cos.  of  Terrebonne, 
Argenteuil,  and  Ottawa,  and  on  the  N.  by  the  North-West 
Territories.  Area,  4028  square  miles.  This  county  is 
drained  by  the  Gatineau,  Du  Lidvre,  Rouge,  North,  and  Lac 
Ouareau  Rivers.     Capital,  Ste.  Julienne.     Pop.  12,742. 

Montcalm,  a  pust-village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Joliette.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
mills,  and  has  good  water-power.     Pop.  200. 

Montceau-lea-Mines,  m6N<>^so'-14-meen,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montohanin- 
les-Mines.     It  has  coal-mines  and  quarries.     Pop.  4375. 

Mont  Cenis,  m6Ko  s^h-nee'  (It.  Monte  Ceniaio,  mon'ti 
ohi-nee'se-o),  one  of  the  most  remarkable  summits  of  the 
Alps,  on  the  limits  of  France  and  Italy.  Lat.  (of  hospice) 
45°  14'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  56'  11"  E.  The  road  in  the  pass  of 
Mont  Cenis,  made  by  the  French  in  1808  to  1811,  is  one  of 
the  most  frequented  across  the  Alps.  Highest  point,  6775 
feet  above  the  sea.  Near  it  is  the  Col  de  Friljus,  under  which 
passes  the  tunnel  of  Mont  Cenis. 

Mont  Cen'is,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  82  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 

Mont  Cervin,  mdN»  sfiR-viu"'  (It.  Monte  Silvio,  mon'- 
ti sil've-o;  Ger.  Matterhorn,  mit't^r-hoKn^),  a  mountain 
of  the  Pennine  Alps,  between  the  Valais  in  Switzerland  and 
the  Val  d'Aosta  in  Piedmont,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont 
Blanc,  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monte  Rosa.  Elevation, 
14,771  feet.  The  Col  of  Mont  Cervin  is  used  in  summer  as 
»  passage  for  horses  and  mules.     Elevation,  10,938  feet. 

Montchanin-les-Mines,  m6iso^sh4^n8,iJ»'-li-meen,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Saane-et-Loire,  on  a  railway,  and  on  a 
eanal,  21  miles  S.W.  of  ChUlon-sur-Saone.     Pop.  3334. 

Mont^clair',  a  post-village  in  Montclair  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  York  &  Greenwood  Lake  Rail- 
road, near  Orange  Mountain,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark,  and 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  manufactory  of  pasteboard.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  in  1880,  5147 ;  in  1890,  8656. 

Montclair  Heights,  a  station  on  the  New  York  & 
Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Montclair,  N.J. 


Mont  Clare,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township.  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A,  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  many  fine 
residences. 

Mont  Clare,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Providence  township,  on  the  Schuylkill,  opposite 
Pnoenixville.     It  has  an  iron-foundry  and  a  brick-yard. 

Montcornet,  m6N<>^koR^n&',  a  market-town  of  France, 
in  Aisne.     Pop.  1742. 

Montcnq,  a  village  of  France.     See  Moncuq. 

Mont-Dauphin,  m6N»^-do^f&N>',  a  small  fortified  town 
of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes,  on  a  height  beside  the  Durance, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Embrun.     Pop.  518. 

Mont-de-Marsan,  m6No-d9h-maR^s&ij»'  (L.  Mouf 
Martiani),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Landes,  on  a  railway,  at  the  junction  of  the  Douze  and 
Midou,  which  here  form  the  navigable  Midouze,  70  miles 
S.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  8328.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
mineral  warm  baths,  nurseries  of  silk-worms,  and  manu- 
factures of  chemical  products,  wax,  oil,  woollen  cloths, 
blankets,  sail-cloth,  and  leather.  By  its  position  on  the 
navigable  river  Midouze,  it  has  become  an  entrepdt  for 
wines,  brandies,  wool,  and  agricultural  produce. 

Montdidier,  miw^dee^de-i'  (L.  Mona  Deaide'rii),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Somme,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop. 
4266.  It  has  remains  of  old  fortifications,  a  town  hall,  a 
prison,  communal  college,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  calico,  and  serge. 

Mont  Dor  (d'Or  or  Dore),  mbv  doR,  a  group  of 
mountains  in  France,  comprised  in  the  mountains  of  Au- 
vergne,  department  of  Puy-de-D&me.  Lat.  45°  32'  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  50'  E.  The  principal  summit  is  the  Pic  d«  Sancy, 
6188  feet  in  elevation.  These  mountains  contain  many 
volcanic  products  and  some  craters.  The  rivers  Dor  and 
Dogne  have  their  sources  here,  and  the  celebrated  mineral 
baths  of  Mont  Dor  are  situated  in  the  N.  of  the  mountains. 
The  Dor  Mountain  is  often  mistaken  for  the  Mont  d'Or,  in 
the  department  of  RhCne. 

Montdragon,  or  Mondragon,  m6M<>Mri'g&ii«'  (L. 
Mens  Draco'nia),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  on  the 
Lez,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  1474. 

Monte,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.    See  El  Monte. 

Monte  Alcino,  mon'ti  &l-chee'no,  or  3Iont>Alcino, 
mon-til-chee'no,  an  episcopal  city  of  Italy,  province  and 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Siena.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral  and  a 
castle.     Pop.  8741. 

Monte  Alegre,  mon'ti i-li'gri,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2134. 

Monte-Alto,  monHi-il'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Bahia,  comarca  of  Urabu. 

Monte-Aperto,  mon'ti-i-pJR'to,  a  village  of  Sicily, 
province  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Girgenti. 

Monte  Argentaro,  Italy.    See  Argentaro. 

Montebello,  monHi-bSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Vicenza,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.  It  has  2  castles 
and  several  churches.     Pop.  4186. 

Montebello,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province 
and  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alessandria. 

Montebello,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.     P.  1111. 

Montebello,  mon'ti-bel'lo,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  80  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 
It  was  originally  inhabited  by  Indians.  It  contains  3  ho- 
tels and  7  stores.  An  aqueduct  of  tamarack  logs  brings  a 
pure  mountain-stream  into  the  village  and  supplies  every 
house  with  water.     Its  port  is  called  Major's.     Pop.  300. 

Monte bellnna,  monHi-bSl-loo'ni,  a  market-town  of 
Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trevlso.      Pop.  7906. 

Montebescaria,  monHi-b5s-ki're-i,  or  Montebec- 
caria,  monHi-bSk-ki're-i,  a  village  of  Piedmont,  division 
of  Alessandria,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  2641. 

Monte  Bianco,  the  Italian  name  of  Moxt  Blanc 

Montebourg,  mdNoH^h-booR'  (L.  Mon'tis  Bnr'gna),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Manche,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cherbourg. 
It  has  manufactures  of  ticking  and  leather.     Pop.  2119. 

Montecalvo,  mon'ti-kil'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  4426. 

Montecarlo,  mon^ti-kaR'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tua- 
oany,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  7450. 

Monte  Carlo,  a  small  town  in  the  principality  of 
Monaco,  9  miles  from  Nice.  It  is  notorious  for  its  gaming- 
tables and  the  numerous  suicides  of  ruined  gamblers. 

Monte-Carotto,  monHi-ki-rot'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  24  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  2627. 

Monte  Casino,  monHi  ki-see'no,  a  mountain  of 
Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Naples,  with 
a  celebrated  abbey,  founded  a.d.  529,  in  which  originated 
the  order  of  the  Benedictines. 


MON 


1873 


MON 


Montecastrilli,  mon^tA-kis-treel'lee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Umbria,  14  miles  from  Terni.     Pop.  of  commune,  5078. 

Monte-Catini,  monHi-k&-tee'nee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  29  miles  W.  of  Florence,  Pop.  6276.  It  has 
thermal  springs  and  baths,  the  most  celebrated  in  Tuscany. 

Montecatini  di  Yal  di  Nievole,  mon^t&-k&-tee'- 
nee  dee  v&l  de  ne-k'vo-lk,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Florence,  S.E. 
of  Pisa.     Pop.  3934. 

illonte  Cavallo.    See  Monte  Cohno. 

Monte-Cavo,  or  Mount  Cavo.    See  Albano. 

Montecchio,  mon-t5k'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Reggio  neir  Emilia,  on  the  Enza,  8  miles  W.  of  Reggio. 
Pop.  5100. 

Montecchio  Maggiore,  mon-tfik'ke-o  mid-jo'ri,  a 
village  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  4750. 

Monte  Cenisio,  the  Italian  name  of  Mont  Cenis. 

Monte-Cerboli,  monHi-ch5R'bo-le,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  province  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pisa.  Near  it 
are  famous  borax-lagoons. 

Montech,  m6N<'H5sh'  (L.  Montigium),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montauban,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Garonne.     Pop.  1814. 

Montechiaro,  monHi-ke-i'ro,  a  market-town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Chiese.  Pop. 
7239,  who  manufacture  silk  stuffs. 

Montechiaro  d'Asti,  monHi-ke-i'ro  dis'tee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2026. 

Montechiarugolo,  monH&-ke-&-roo'go-lo,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Parma,  on  the 
Enza.     Pop.  4006. 

Monte-Christi,  monUi-kris'tee,  a  town  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo, on  its  N.  coast,  30  miles  E.  of  Cape  Haytien,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Grand-Yaque,  and  on  the  declivity  of  the 
mountain-range  of  Monte-Christi.     Pop.  3000. 

Monte- Christi,  or  Monte -Cristi,  mon^ti-kris'tee, 
a  town  of  Ecuador,  96  miles  N.W.  of  Guayaquil. 

Monte-Christo,  monHi-kris'to  (anc.  Oglasa),  an 
island  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  province  of  Siena, 
26  miles  S.  of  Elba. 

Monte  Compatri,  mon'ti  kom-pi'tree,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Rome,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Frascati.     Pop.  3397. 

Monte  Corno,  mAn'ti  k&R'no,  or  Monte  Cavallo, 
mfin'ti  ki-virio,  called  also  Gran  Sasso  d'ltalia.) 
grin  sis'so  de-ti'le-i  (the  "  Great  Rock  of  Italy"),  a  moun- 
tain of  Italy,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome,  lat.  42°  27'  N., 
Ion.  13"  38'  E.  It  is  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Apen- 
nines, its  summit  being  9519  feet  above  sea-level.  Snow 
lies  on  it  nine  months  in  the  year. 

Montecorvino  Pugliano,  monHi-kor-vee'no  pool- 
yd'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles  E.  of  Salerno, 
with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  5325. 

Montecorvino  Rovella,  monHi-kor-vee'no  ro-vel'- 
IS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  B.  of  Salerno. 
Pop.  6630. 

Montecosaro,  mon^i-ko-s&'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
near  Macerata.     Pop,  3128. 

MontecrestesC)  monHi-krJs-t&'si,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Novara,  6  miles  from  Domo  d'Ossola.     Pop.  1287. 

Montecucculo,  monHi-kook'koo-lo,  a  village  of  North 
Italy,  22  miles  S,S,W.  of  Modena. 

Monte-della-Sibilla,  mon'ti-ddri&-8e-bil'l&,  one 
of  the  Apennine  mountains  of  Italy,  province  of  Perugia, 
and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Spoleto.     Height,  7212  feet. 

Montedoro,  monHi-do'ro,  a  village  of  Sicily,  5  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Serra  di  Falco.     Pop,  2089, 

Montefalcione,  mon'ti-fil-cho'ni,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  5  miles  N,E.  of  Avellino.     Pop,  3192, 

MontefaIcO)  monHi-fil'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Perugia,  14  miles  N.N,W.  of  Spoleto,     Pop,  6146. 

Montefalcone,  monHi-fil-ko'nJ,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Campobasso,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3230. 

Monte-Fano,  monHi-fi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  N,  of  Macerata,     Pop,  3678. 

M)ntefia8Cone,  monHi-fe-lLs-ko'ni,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  9  miles  N.N,W.  of  Viterbo,  Pop,  7397.  It 
stands  on  a  hill  occupying  the  site  of  an  ancient  Etruscan 
city,  of  which  some  remains  exist;  its  cathedral  cupola, 
and  several  other  buildings,  are  the  works  of  San  Micheli, 
Muscat  wine  is  made  here. 

Montefiorino,  mon't4-fee-o-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Modena,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Parma.     Pop,  5906. 

Monteforte,  monHi-fon'tA,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles 
E.  of  Verona.     Pop.  4515. 

Monteforte,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  4466. 

Montefortino,  monHi-for-tee'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
urovince  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  3962. 


Monte-Frio,  mon'ti-free'o,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Granada.  It  haa  8  flour-  and  7 
oil-mills,  3  manufactories  of  soft  soap,  a  brandy -distillery, 
and  4  fulling-mills.     Pop,  4899. 

Montefusco,  mon^ti-foos'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Avellino. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  2168. 

Monte  Gennaro,  Italy.     See  Genaro. 

Montegicar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Muntejicar. 

Monte- Giorgio,  mon'tA-joR'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Fermo.     Pop.  4936, 

Montego  (mon-tee'go)  Bay,  a  seaport  town  of  Ja- 
maica, in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  on  the  N,  coast.  Lat. 
18°  29'  24"  N, ;  Ion,  77°  56'  W,  It  has  a  court-house,  7 
churches,  a  synagogue,  a  bank,  and  2  or  3  weekly  papers. 
Much  sugar,  rum,  ginger,  and  coffee  are  produced  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop,  6000, 

Monte- Granaro,  mon't4-gri-nl'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  6  miles  N,W.  of  Fermo,     Pop,  4342. 

Montegrosso  d'Asti,  monHA-gros'so  dfts'tee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Alessandria,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop,  2510. 

Montehermoso,  monHi-^R-mo'so,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  52  miles  N,  of  Caceres,     Pop,  2895, 

Monteith,  or  Menteith,  m9n-teetn',  a  picturesque 
district  of  Scotland,  in  the  S,W.  part  of  the  co.  of  Perth, 
on  the  Teith.     Length,  about  24  miles. 

Monteith  (or  Menteith),  Port  of,  a  village  and 
parish  of  Scotland,  8  miles  W.  of  Doune.     Pop.  1243, 

Monteith,  m9n-teeth',  a  station  of  Chatham  co„  Ga., 
on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad,  13^  miles  N,  of 
Savannah, 

Monteith,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Allegan  co,,  Mioh,,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Monteith  &,  Allegan  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids, 

Montejaqne,  mon-ti-H&'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Malaga,  4  miles  W.  of  Ronda.     Pop.  2042. 

Montejicar,  Montegicar,  or  Montexicar,  mon- 
ti-He-kaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Granada.     Pop.  2610. 

Monteleone,  mon^t4-li-o'ni  (anc.  Hippo'nium  or  Vi'- 
bo),  a  town  of  Itely,  province  of  Catanzaro,  11  miles  E. 
of  Tropea.  Pop.  11,840.  It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill, 
commanded  by  a  fine  old  castle. 

Monteleone,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Bovino.     Pop.  3770. 

Montelepre,  mon-t&-la'pr4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  13  miles 
W.  of  Palermo.  Many  rare  coins  and  fossils  have  been 
here  obtained.     Pop.  5706. 

Mont  £lie,  mont  &-lee',  a  post-village  in  St.  Maurice 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamachiche  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Yam- 
achiche.     Pop.  109. 

Mont61imar,  m6N"H&^lee^maR'  (anc.  Mont  Adhe- 
mari  f),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Drflme,  26  miles 
S.  of  Valence,  on  the  Roubion,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Lyons  to  Avignon.  Pop.  9512.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, rich  vineyards,  plantations  of  mulberry  trees,  and 
manufactures  of  hats,  leather,  silk,  wine,  and  almond-cakes. 

Montella,  mon-til'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  7650. 

Montellano,  mon-tdI-y4'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4791. 

Montel'lo,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Centra) 
Pacific  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wells. 

Montello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marquette  co..  Wis., 
in  Montello  township,  on  Fox  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Montello  River,  near  the  E.  end  of  Buffalo  Lake,  about  45 
miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portage 
City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiBoe,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  761 ;  of  township,  1177. 

Montelovez,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Cohabuila. 

Montelnpo,  mon'tA-loo'po,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno.     Pop.  1370, 

Monte  Lupone,  mon'tA  loo-po'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  6^  miles  N,N.E,  of  macerata.     Pop.  3960. 

Monte  Maggiore,  mon't&  m&d-jo'ri,  a  market-town 
of  Sicily,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  7004. 

Montemagno,  monHi-min'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  15 
miles  AY.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2894. 

Montemale,  munH&m&'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Coni,  in  the  valley  of  the  Grana.     Pop.  1344. 

Montemarano,  monH&-m&-r&'no,  a  town  and  bishop'* 
see  of  Italy,  10  miles  E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2684. 

Monte-Marciano,  monHi-maR-oh&'no,  a  market- 
town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the  province  of  Anoona,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  4328. 

Monte-Mayor,  mon^t4-mi-5R',  a  town  of  Spain,  prov 
ince  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  31 40. 


MON 


1874 


WON 


Monte-MilettOy  monHi-me-l5t'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3728. 

Montemilone,  monHi-me-lo'ni,  a  market-town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Basilicata,  9  miles  E.N.B.  of  Venosa. 

Montemolin)  mon-ti-mo-leen',  a  village  of   Spain, 
in  Estremadura,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2955. 
Montemor,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Maman&capb. 

Montemorelos,  Mexico.    See  Morelos. 

Monte-Moreno,  mon^ti-mo-ri'no,  a  conical  moun- 
tain of  Brazil,  forming  a  promontory  on  the  S.  of  the  Bay 
of  Espirito  Santo. 

Montemor-NOTO,  mon-ti-m5R'-no'vo,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  60  miles  S.  of  Ceard.     Pop.  2000. 

Montemor-o-Novo,  mon-ti-m5B'-o-no'vo  ("New 
Montemor"),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Evora.     Pop.  3753. 

Montemor-O-Velho,  mon-t4-m5R'-o-v4ryo  ("Old 
Montemor"),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Mondego, 
12  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2261. 

Montemurro,  mon^ti-mooB'Ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  4625. 

Montenaken,  mon'ti-n&^kQu,  or  Montenaeken, 
mon'ti-ni^k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  15  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Hasselt.  It  is  an  ancient  place,  and  is  memo- 
rable for  a  great  battle  fought  in  its  vicinity,  in  1213,  be- 
tween the  Li6geois  and  the  Brabanfons,  when  the  latter 
were  defeated  with  a  loss  of  3000  killed  and  4000  prisoners. 

Montendre,  m6N»H&Nd'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inf^rieure,  11  miles  S.  of  Jonzao.     Pop.  1134. 

Montenegro,  mon^tA-ni'gro,  i.e.,  "black  mountain" 
(Turk.  Karadagh,  ki'rlMig';  native,  Gernogora  or  Tzer- 
nogora,  tzfiR^no-go'rS,),  a  small  independent  country  of 
Europe,  between  lat.  42°  and  43°  N.  and  Ion.  18°  41'  and 
20°  22'  E.,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Herzegovina  and  Austrian 
Albania  (Cattaro),  and  on  the  other  sides  by  Turkish  Al- 
bania and  the  sea.  Area,  3738  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face forms  a  series  of  elevated  ridges  of  limestone  rocks, 
with  lofty  mountain-peaks,  some  of  which  are  5000  or 
6000  feet  in  elevation,  and  are  generally  covered  with 
valuable  timber.  In  ancient  times  this  country  formed 
part  of  lUyricum ;  it  was  afterwards  a  district  of  Servia. 
The  chief  families  of  Montenegro  have  been  educated  in 
St.  Petersburg  and  appointed  to  grades  in  the  Russian 
army,  and  the  annual  tribute  formerly  due  to  the  Porte  was 
long  paid  by  a  remittance  from  the  Emperor  of  Russia. 
The  people  are  of  Slavic  race  and  of  the  Greek  faith. 
The  country  was,  in  1697,  freed  from  Turkish  rule  by  the 
prince-bishop,  or  Vladika.  In  1851  the  ruler  abandoned 
the  episcopal  office,  and  became  hospodar  or  civil  prince, 
and  at  the  same  time  declared  his  independence  complete. 
In  1878,  after  a  long  series  of  brave  struggles,  Montenegro 
was  recognized  as  a  sovereign  state,  and  by  the  Congress  of 
Berlin  her  area  was  more  than  doubled.  Capital,  Cettinje. 
Chief  town  and  seaport,  Antivari.     Pop.  236,000. 

Montenero,  mon^ti-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Molise,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3600. 

Montenotte,  monHi-not'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Ales- 
sandria, 26  miles  W.  of  Genoa,  in  the  Apennines. 

Monteodorisio,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Montodorisio. 

Monte-Pagano,  monH4-pJL-g&'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
near  the  Adriatic,  15  miles  E.  of  Teramo.     P.  4150. 

Montepeloso,  monHi-pi-lo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Basilicata,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  6327. 

Monte  Perdido,  the  Spanish  name  of  Mont  Perdu. 

Montepnlciano,  mon-ti-pool-ch&'no,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Siena,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Arezzo.  Pop. 
13,160.  It  stands  on  a  mountain  enclosed  by  an  embattled 
wall.  Montepulciano  is  an  ancient  Etruscan  city,  and  has 
many  interesting  remains,  also  manufactures  of  oil,  soap, 
and  excellent  wine. 

Montereal,  the  Spanish  name  of  Montreal. 

Montereale,  monHi-ri-i'li,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Aquila.    Pop.  5345. 

Montereau,  mftNo^^h-ro'  (ane.  Conda'te,  or  Oonda'te 
Seno'num),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Seine  and  Yonne,  20  miles  E.S.B.  of  Melun, 
on  the  railway  to  Troyes.  Pop.  6847.  It  has  extensive 
manufactories  of  opaque  porcelain,  sugar,  leather,  cement, 
Ac.     Steamers  ply  hence  to  Paris. 

Montereggione,  mon'ti-rfid-jo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  8  miles  from  Siena.     Pop.  of  commune,  3589. 

Monterey,  mon-ti-ra',  a  city  of  the  republic  of  Mexico, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  and  the  seat  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop,  on  the  small  river  Santa  Catalina,  at  the 
head  of  a  large  and  beautiful  valley,  75  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Saltillo,  250  miles  from  the  Rio  Grande,  and  700  miles  from 
the  city  of  Mexico.    Altitude,  1630  feet.     Lat.  25°  40'  6" 


N  ;  Ion.  100°  W.  It  has  a  civil  college,  a  seminary,  and 
6  churches  (5  Catholic  and  1  Presbyterian).  Monterey  waa 
first  settled  by  the  Spaniards  about  1569,  and  was  made 
metropolitan  city  in  1596.  It  has  well-paved  streets,  and 
houses  of  stone  in  the  Moorish  style  with  flat  roofs,  and  is 
the  most  important  place  in  North  Mexico.  Near  it  are 
lead-,  copper-,  and  silver-mines.  Pop.  about  25,000.  It 
was  taken  September  24,  1846,  by  the  United  States  army 
under  General  Taylor. 

Monterey,  mon-t^-ri',  a  county  of  California,  borders 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  3452  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Salinas  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Carmel  and  San  Benito  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  mountains  and  three  long  fertile  valleys, 
named  Salinas,  San  Juan,  and  Carmel.  Extensive  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees  grow  on  the  highlands.     The  staple 

froducts  are  wheat,  barley,  wool,  cattle,  cheese,  and  hay. 
n  the  production  of  wool  this  county  has  held  a  high  rank. 
Gold  is  said  to  be  found  in  it,  also  copper,  marble,  and  lead. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  Salinas,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9876;  in 
1880,  11,.302;  in  1890,  18,637. 

Monterey,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ala. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  ou 
Monterey  Bay  (a  part  of  the  ocean),  94  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
San  Francisco.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Monterey  &  Salinas 
Valley  Railroad.  Its  harbor  has  good  anchorage,  and  is 
protected  against  the  S.  wind,  but  is  exposed  on  the  N. 
Monterey  was  the  capital  of  California  when  the  latter  was 
a  Mexican  province.     It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  and  has 

1  or  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  (1890)  1662. 
Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ul.,  about  27 

miles  W.N.W.  of  Alton. 

Monterey,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Banner 
township,  about  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  a  church. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Pulaaki  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Winamac.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  210. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Bloomfield. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Frankfort.    It  has  a  church, 

2  hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 
Monterey,  a  post- village  in  Monterey  township,  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Springfield.     It  ha« 
several  saw-mills  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  703. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  in  Monterey  township,  Alle- 
gan CO.,  Mich.,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It 
has  a  church,  a  union  school,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop.  of 
township,  1240. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rankin  oo..  Miss.,  12  or  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Monterey,  or  Orange,  a  post-village  in  Orange 
township,  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  El- 
mira.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Post-office,  Orange. 

Monterey,  a  village,  formerly  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
since  1874  included  within  the  limits  of  New  York  City. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  about  26 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Monterey,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  979. 

Monterey,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Monongahela  River,  4  miles  above  Pittsburg. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  2^  miles 
from  Topton  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Read- 
ing.    It  has  a  church. 

Monterey,  Clarion  co..  Pa.     See  West  Monterey. 

Monterey,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Abbeville  Court-House. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  McNairy  oo.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Corinth,  Miss.     Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Monterey,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson. 

Monterey,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Highland  co.,  Va., 
near  the  Alleghanies,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Staunton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oconomowoo  township, 
Waukesha  oo..  Wis.,  on  Ashippun  Creek,  about  13  miles  E. 
of  Watertown.     It  has  1  or  2  flour-miUs. 

Monterey  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Pa., 
about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gettysburg. 

Monteroduni,  monHi-ro-doo'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Campobasso,  4  miles  S.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  3158. 


xMON 


1875 


MON 


Mouteroni)  monHi-ro'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  of  commune,  3005. 

Monteroni)  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Siena.     Pop.  of  commune,  3721. 

Monte  Rosa^  mon'ti  ro's&,  a  mountain  of  the  Pen- 
nine Alps,  inferior  in  elevation  only  to  Mont  Blanc,  from 
which  it  is  distant  50  miles  E.N.E.,  on  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  Valais  and  Piedmont.  Lat.  45°  56'  1"  N. ;  Ion. 
7°  52'  10''  E.  Height  of  its  principal  summit  estimated 
at  15,208  feet.  It  sends  out  ramifications  to  all  the  cardinal 
points,  its  loftiest  peaks  being  on  its  N.  and  S.  limbs. 

Monte-Rosso,  mon^ti-ros'so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  7207. 

Monte-Rosso,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catan- 
zaro,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Monteleone.     Pop.  2753. 

Monterosso,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  4 
miles  from  Levanto.     Pop.  1481. 

Monterosso,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  on 
the  Grana.     Pop.  1740. 

Monte-Rotondo,  monHi-ro-ton'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rieti.     Pop.  3730. 

Monte  Rotondo,  one  of  the  loftiest  mountains  of 
Corsica,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Height,  8763  feet. 

Monte -Rubbiano,  monHi-roob-yi'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  5  miles  S.  of  Fermo.     Pop.  2924. 

Monterubio,  mon^tS,-Boo'be-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  78  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3466. 

Montesa,  mon-ti's4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  38 
miles  S.  of  Valencia. 

Monte  San  Giovanni  Campana,  mon'tiL  s&n  jo- 
vin'nee  kim-pi'ni,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Rome,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  5988. 

Monte  San  Giuliano,  mon'tA  sin  joo-le-i'no,  or  Old 
Trapani,  tri-p4'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Tra- 
pani,  on  a  high  mountain  (the  ancient  E'ryx),  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Marsala.  Pop.  13,369.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
dilapidated  wall,  and  its  churches  and  convents  are  mostly 
in  ruins.  On  the  mountain  Eryx  once  stood  a  temple  of 
Venus,  of  which  a  few  granite  pillars  remain. 

Montesano,  monHi-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Salerno,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Diano.     Pop.  6193. 

Montesano,  mon-te'si-no,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Chehalis  oo.,  Washington,  on  the  Chehalis  River,  12  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  about  42  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Olympia. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1632. 

Monte  San  Savino,  mon'ti  sin  si-vee'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arezzo.  Pop. 
7480.     It  stands  on  a  lofty  hill  enclosed  by  walls. 

Monte  Santa  Maria,  mon'ti  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Perugia.  Pop. 
2000. 

Monte  Sant'  Angelo,  mon'ti  s&nt  &n'j^Io,  a  town 
of  Italy,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Gargano,  province  and 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Foggia.  Pop.  17,242.  It  has  a  castle 
and  remains  of  a  Roman  temple. 

Monte  Santo,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.     See  Athos. 

Monte- Santo,  monHi-s4n'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macerata,  on  a  hill  near  the 
Adriatic,  where  it  has  a  small  haven.     Pop.  6500. 

Monte-Santo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  210  miles 
N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Monte- Sarchio,  monHi-saR'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  6688. 

Monte- Scaglioso,  monHi-skil-yo'so,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Basilicata,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Matera.     Pop.  7089. 

Monte-Scudajo,monHi-8koo-di'yo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pisa,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Leghorn.     Pop.  1390. 

Monte- Scudo,  monHi-skoo'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rimini.     Pop.  2759. 

Montese,  mon-t4'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Mo- 
dena.     Pop.  5313. 

Montes  Hanonise,  the  ancient  name  of  Mons. 

Monte- Silvano,  monHi-sil-vi'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Teramo,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Pescara.     Pop.  3658. 

Monte  Silvio,  Europe.    See  Mont  Ceevin. 

MonUesperto'Ii,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Flor- 
ence, S.W.  of  the  city  of  Florence.  It  consists  of  the  vil- 
lage of  Montespertoli  (pop.  1899)  and  some  adjacent  ham- 
lets, and  has  manufactures  of  straw  hats.     Pop.  9136. 

Montesquieu,  m5N»*tfis^ke-uh',  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Gers,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Auoh.     Pop.  1800. 

Montesquieu-Iiauragai8,m6N»'tfis^ke-uh'-l5V4'g4', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- Garonne,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Toulouse,  on  the  Arize.     Pop.  1319. 

Montesquieu  -Volvestre,  mdu-^tfis^ke  -  uh'-  voP- 
vSst'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Garonne,  29  miles  S.  of  Tou- 
louse.    It  has  woollen-mills.     Pop.  2481. 


Montesson,  m6N«^t£s^s6s<>',  a  town  of  Frsuioe,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  arrondissement  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1515. 

Monteu-du-Po,  m6M"^tuh'-dU-po,  a  village  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.E,  of  Turin,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1166. 

Monteu-Roero,  mdN»-tuh'-ro'i^ro',  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Coni,  3  miles  from  Canale.     Pop.  2672. 

Monteux,  m6N<>Hnh'  (L.  Montilii),  a  town  of  Franoe, 
in  Vaucluse,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  2262, 

Monte-Vago,  mon^t4-v&'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  Sicily, 

Jrovince  of  Girgenti,  on  the  Belici,  16  miles  N.W,  of  Soia«oa. 
op.  3139. 

MonHeval'lo,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  55  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Selma,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  colleges,  a  .tannery,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  800. 

Montevallo,  a  post-village  in  Montevallo  township, 
Vernon  co..  Mo.,  about  36  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kan- 
sas. It  has  a  steam  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1349. 

Montevarchi,  mon^ti-vaR'kee,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Amo.  Pop. 
9678.  It  is  commanded  by  a  castle  on  a  neighboring  height, 
and  has  a  college,  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  woollen  stuffs, 
Ac.     Here  is  the  museum  of  the  Academy  Val  d'Ancese. 

Monte-Vecchio,  mon'ti-v6k'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pergola. 

Monte-Yelino,  mon^ti-vi-lee'no,  a  monntain  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  N.W.  of  Lago  Fuoino,  is 
8174  feet  high,  and  one  of  the  principal  summits  of  the 
Apennines. 

Monteverde,  monHi-vda'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  on  the  Ofanto,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sant' 
Angelo  del  Lombard!.     Pop.  2325. 

Monte-Verde,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Pisa. 

Monteverde  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
Caroline  Islands,  in  lat.  3°  27'  N.,  Ion.  156°  E.,  consisting 
of  60  low  islets,  named  after  their  discoverer  in  1806. 

Monte-Vettolini,  monHA-v£t-to-lee'nee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2000. 

Montevideo,  monHe-vid'e-o  (Sp.  pron.  mon^ti-ve-ni'o ; 
Port.  Monte  Veo,  mon'ti  vk'o),  a  seaport  city  and  capital 
of  the  republic  of  Uruguay,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  estuary 
of  the  Plata,  105  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Lat.  34° 
53'  S. ;  Ion.  56°  15'  W.  It  is  the  terminus  of  2  railway 
lines,  and  has  street  railways,  well-paved  streets,  gas-  and 
water-works,  dry-docks,  &c.  It  is  situated  on  a  gentle  ele- 
vation at  the  extremity  of  a  small  peninsula,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  strong  wall,  mounted  with  guns,  and  further 
defended  by  a  citadel,  with  bulwarks  and  batteries.  It  is 
well  and  regularly  built,  and  has  a  cathedral,  a  castle,  and 
the  governor's  residence.  Climate  damp ;  the  heat  of 
summer  is  oppressive,  and  storms  are  frequent.  Its  port, 
open  to  the  S.W.,  is  the  best  on  the  Plata.  It  exports 
hides,  beef,  butter,  hair,  feathers,  and  other  animal  prod- 
ucts, with  Chilian  copper  and  Paraguay  tea.  Imports  con- 
sist chiefly  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  hardware,  flour,  wines, 
colonial  produce,  salt,  and  manufactured  goods.  Pop.  91,167. 

MonHevid'eo,a  post-village,  capital  of  Chippewa  co., 
Minn.,  in  Sparta  township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  &  Da. 
kota  Railroad,  83  miles  W.  of  Glenooe,  and  30  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Benson.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1437. 

Montevideo,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Pleasant  Valley  Depot,  which  is  5  miles  S.  of 
Harrisonburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Monte-Viso,  monHi-vee'so,  one  of  the  principal  sum- 
mits of  the  Alps,  at  the  junction  of  their  Maritime  and  Cot- 
tian  divisions,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.  Elevation,  12,585 
feet. 

Mon'te  Vis'ta,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  oo.,  Miss. 

3Ioutexicar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Montejicar. 

Montez,  Cass  oo.,  Ind.    See  Cltukr'b  Junction. 

MonHezu'ma,  township,  Solano  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  347. 

Montezuma,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co., 
Cal.,  about  48  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  here. 
Pop.  150. 

Montezuma,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Sum- 
mit CO.,  Col.,  in  the  Middle  Park,  about  65  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Denver.     It  has  several  quartz-mills  and  silver-mines. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co,,  Ga.,  on  the 
Flint  River,  and  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Americus,  and  49  miles  S.W.  of  Macon.  It  has  a 
church,  a  banking-house,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  750. 


MON 


1876 


MON 


Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Montezuma  township, 
Pike  CO.,  111.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  25  miles 
B.W.  of  Jacksonvile.  It  has  a  church.  Much  grain  is 
shipped  here.  The  township  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  Milton,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1498. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Reserve  township, 
Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  25  miles  N.  of  Terre 
Haute,  and  85  miles  E.  of  Decatur,  111.  It  is  the  E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Indiana  &  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Anderson,  Lebanon  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad.  The  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road is  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  fine  rail- 
road bridge  across  the  rivef.     Pop.  in  1890,  658. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Poweshiek  co., 
Iowa,  in  Jackson  township,  about  62  miles  E.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  44  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.  It  contains  4 
churches,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.  It  is  on  the 
Grinnell  «k  Montezuma  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1062. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Montezuma  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Seneca  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn.  The  navigable 
outlet  of  Cayuga  Lake  here  connects  with  the  Erie  Canal. 
The  Seneca  River  here  flows  through  a  large  swampy  tract 
called  the  Cayuga  (or  Montezuma)  Marshes.  It  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  473;  of  the  township,  1398. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Lima.  It  is  on  the 
Reservoir,  an  artificial  lake,  which  covers  17,000  acres.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  drain-tiles. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  steam  flouring-mill. 

Montezuma  Junction.    See  Orinnell  Jcnctioit. 

Montfaucon,  m6N»^fo^k6i)"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Lot,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  2070. 

Montfaucon,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  1047.  Montfaucon  is  also 
the  name  of  a  suburb  of  Paris. 

Mont-F errand,  France.    See  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Montferrat,  mont-fdR-R&t'  or  m&N<>^fdR^R&',  an  old 
marquisate  of  Northern  Italy,  is  now  comprised  in  the 

frovinces  of  Alessandria,  Coni,  Turin,  Novara,  and  Genoa. 
ts  capital  was  Casale. 

Montferrier,  m6N»*f8R^Re-i',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Foix.     Pop.  1847. 

Montferrier,  a  village  of  France,  in  H6rault,  arron- 
dissement  of  Montpellier. 

Montflanquin,  a  town  of  France.    See  Monflanquin. 

Montfoort,  mont'foRt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Yssel.     Pop.  1837. 

Montfort,  mdna^foR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  11 
miles  E.  of  Dax.     Pop.  1634. 

Mont'fort,  or  Wmg'ville,  a  post-village  in  Wing- 
ville  township.  Grant  oo..  Wis.,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Min- 
eral Point.  It  has  a  church.  Lead  and  zinc  are  mined 
here.  Pop.  about  300.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Montfort. 

Montfort-Lamaury,  m6N»ToR'-l4^m5Vee'  (L.  Mom 
For'tis  Amalar'ici),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1658. 

Montfort- sur-Meu,  m6N»^foR'-siiR-mtJh  (L.  Mont 
For'tis),  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rennes,  on  the  Meu.     Pop.  1607. 

Montfrin,  m6No^friN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  2328. 

Montgellafrey,  m6N<»^zh5ril^fri',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  near  Saint-Jean  de  Maurienne.     Pop.  1000. 

Mont  Genfevre,  miu*  zh^h-naiv'r',  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable summits  of  the  Cottian  Alps,  between  the  French 
department  of  Hautes-Alpes  and  Italy,  11,614  feet  in  ele- 
vation. It  is  crossed  by  a  route  constructed  by  Napoleon, 
at  an  elevation  of  6560  feet. 

Montgiscard,  m6ii»^zhees^kaR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Garonne,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Villefranche,  on  the  Canal 
du  Midi.     Pop.  1202. 

Montgomery,  mont-gfim'^r-e,  or  Montgomery- 
shire, mont-gum'^r-e-shir,  a  county  of  Wales,  having  on 
the  N.  the  cos.  of  Merioneth  and  Denbigh,  B.  Salop,  S. 
Radnor,  and  W.  Cardigan.  Area,  768  square  miles,  half 
of  which  is  uncultivated.  Surface  very  mountainous,  but 
intersected  by  some  fertile  sheltered  vales,  and  well  wooded. 
The  mountain  Plinlimmon  is  partly  in  this  county.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Severn,  Vyrnwy,  Wye,  and  Dee,  which 
rise  in  the  county.  Agriculture  is  much  improved ;  the 
mouBtains  are  chiefly  in  sheep-walks.  The  pure  breed  of 
Welsh  ponies  is  still  preserved  in  this  county.     Slate  forms 


the  general  basis  of  the  mountains,  and  is  the  principal 
mineral  wrought.  The  county  is  the  chief  seat  of  the 
Welsh  flannel-manufacture.  Principal  towns,  Montgomery, 
Welshpool,  Newtown,  and  Llanfyllin.  The  county  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  one  is  sent  by 
its  boroughs.     Pop.  (1891)  58,003. 

Montgomery,  a  borough  of  Wales,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Severn,  22  miles 
Si.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  It  has  a  church  (a  venerable  cruci- 
form pile),  a  guild  hall,  a  county  jail  and  house  of  correc- 
tion, and  remains  of  a  stately  Norman  castle.  With  con- 
tributory boroughs  it  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  remains  of  a  British 
camp,  also  of  Cherbury  Priory,  founded  in  the  reign  of 
King  John.     Pop. (1891)  1098. 

Montgomery,  mont-giim'^r-e,  a  district  of  India,  in 
the  Mooltan  division,  Punjab.  Area,  5573  square  miles. 
Pop^  359,437. 

Montgomery,  mont-giim'^r-e,  a  county  in  the  S.E. 

fart  of  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  772  square  miles, 
t  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Alabama  and  Tallapoosa 
Rivers,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Coloma  and  Pintlala 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Of  cotton  this  county  has  in  some  years  produced 
more  bales  than  any  other  county  in  the  state.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad,  the  Louisville  <k 
Nashville  Railroad,  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad,  the 
Savannah,  Americus  &,  Montgomery  Railroad,  and  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama.  Capital,  Montgomery,  which 
is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,704;  in 
1880,  52,356;  in  1890,  56,172. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  834  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Ouachita  River,  which  runs  through  the  N.  central  part 
of  the  county  from  W.  to  E.,  and  by  Caddo  Creek  and  other 
small  affluents  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  hilly,  diver- 
sified by  ridges  called  the  Crystal  Mountains,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  oak,  beech,  magnolia,  Ac.  The 
soil  produces  Indian  corn  and  grass.  This  county  has 
extensive  mines  of  rock  crystal.  Lead  and  limestone  are 
also  found  here.  Capital,  Mount  Ida.  Pop.  in  1870,  2984 ; 
in  1880,  5729  ;  in  1890,  7923. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  763  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Oconee  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ocmulgee 
River  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Little  Ocmulgee,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Pendleton's  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
inferior.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Savannah, 
Americus  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Mount  Vernon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  3586:  in  1880, 
5381;  in  1890,  9248. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illi- 
nois, has  an  area  of  about  702  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  Shoal  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  several  species  of  oak,  the 
hickory,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  valuable  deposits  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Jacksonville 
Southeastern  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas 
City  Railroad.  Capital,  Hillsborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 25,314; 
in  1880,  28,078;  in  1890,  30,003. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  In- 
diana, has  an  area  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  is.-inter- 
sected  by  Sugar  Creek,  which  runs  southwestward,  and  is 
also  drained  by  Raccoon  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  level 
and  partly  undulating,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  the  Vandalia  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Crawfordsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,765;  in  1880,  27,316; 
in  1890,  28,025. 

Montgomery,  a  southwestern  county  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nodaway 
River  and  the  North  or  East  Branch  of  the  Nishnabatona 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Tarkio  River  and  Walnut 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of  the  Chicago. 


MON 


1877 


MON 


Burlington  &  Quinoy  Railroad.  Oapital,  Red  Oak.  Pop. 
In  1870,  6934;  in  1875,  10,839;  in  1880,  15,895;  in  1890, 
15,848. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Verdigris  River,  and  also  drained  by  Elk  and  Fall  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  <fc  Mem- 
phis Railroad,  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Independence.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7564;  in  1880,  18,213;  in  1890,  23,104. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
email  afSuents  of  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Mount  Sterling,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7557 ;  in 
1S80,  10,566;  in  1890,  12,367. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Maryland,  borders  on  Vir- 
ginia. Area,  about  508  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Patuxent  River  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Poto- 
mac, and  is  partly  drained  by  Seneca  and  Rock  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  of  moderate  height,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone,  gneiss,  and 
serpentine.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Washington 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Rockville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,563 ;  in  1880, 
24,759  ;  in  1890,  27,185. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Mis- 
sissippi, has  an  area  of  about  395  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Black  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  cypress,  hickory,  beech,  magnolia,  oak,  &o. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  <fc 
Danville  Railroad  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which 
meet  at  Winona,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880,  13,348 ;  in 
1890,  14,459. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  546  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Cuivre  or 
Copper  River  and  the  Loutre  River.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  sugar- 
maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  under- 
lies part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed  in  a  south- 
easterly direction  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Capital,  Dan- 
ville. Pop.  in  1870, 10,405;  in  1880,  16,249  ;  in  1890, 16,850. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  896  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mohawk  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Schoharie 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly.  This  county  comprises 
a  great  part  of  the  long,  fertile,  and  beautiful  Mohawk 
Valley,  which  is  level.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage 
and  dairy-farming.  Hay,  butter,  cheese,  milk,  oats,  hops, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
quarries  of  Trenton  limestone,  a  good  building-stone.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central 
&  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Glo- 
versville  Railroad,  and  the  West  Shore  Railroad.  Capital, 
Fonda.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,457 ;  in  1880,  38,316 ;  in  1890, 
45,699. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  596  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Uharee  River  and  Simmons'  Fork.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  A  small  quantity  of  gold  is 
found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  7487; 
in  1880,  9374;  in  1890,  li,239. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Miami  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Mad  River,  the  South- 
west Branch  of  the  Miami,  and  Twin  Creek.  The  surface 
is  finely  diversified  with  verdant  hills  or  ridges  of  moderate 
height,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  sugar-maple,  buckeye,  &o.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  tobacco,  oats,  hay,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Niagara  (Upper  Silu- 


rian) limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  underliw  part 
of  the  soil.  This  is  the  celebrated  Dayton  Stone,  which  is 
extensively  used  as  a  building-stone  in  Cincinnati.  It  is 
a  very  even-bedded,  massive  limestone,  of  a  light-blue  color. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A 
Dayton  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  A  Chicago  Rail- 
road, the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  A  Ironton  Railroad,  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Dayton 
A  Union  Railroad,  and  several  other  railroads,  noticed  in 
the  article  on  Dayton,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
64,006;  in  1880,  78,550;  in  1890,  100,852. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Perkiomen  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Wissabickon  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  beautiful 
scenery.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Indian 
corn,  butter,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  and  rye  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  sends  annually  to  market 
many  hundred  thousand  gallons  of  milk.  It  has  mines  of 
iron  ore  and  quarries  of  marble  and  limestone.  Mesozoio 
sandstone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  Copper  and 
lead  are  also  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  and  the  Perkiomen  Rail- 
road. Branches  of  the  Reading  and  Pennsylvania  roads 
connect  Philadelphia  with  Norristown,  which  is  the  capital 
of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  81,612;  in  1880,  96,494;  in 
1890,  123,290. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  borders 
on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  navigable  Cumberland  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Red  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  half  of  it  is 
covered  wit^  forests  of  beech,  oak,  gum,  hickory,  poplar  or 
tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products,  that  of  tobacco  in 
this  county  being  relatively  very  large  as  compared  with 
other  counties  of  the  state.  It  has  mines  of  iron  ore  and 
large  deposits  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  several 
branches  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Clarksville.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,747;  in  1880,  28,481;  in 
1890,  29,697. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
San  Jacinto  River,  the  Caney  Fork  of  that  river,  and  Spring 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Montgomery.  Pop.  in  1870,  6483 ;  in  1880, 
10,154;  in  1890,  11,765. 

Montgomery,  a  southwestern  county  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  422  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Staunton  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  chestnut,  maple,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  eastern  part  of 
the  county  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lower  Silu- 
rian limestone  crops  out  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Norfolk  A  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Christians- 
bure.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,693;  in  1890,  17,742. 

Montgomery,  a  city  of  Alabama,  the  capital  of  the 
state,  and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Montgomery  co.,  is  situated 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Alabama  River,  at  the  convergence 
of  the  main  lines  or  branches  of  5  railway  systems, — viz., 
the  Alabama  Midland,  the  Central  of  Georgia,  the  Louis- 
ville A  Nashville,  the  Savannah,  Americus  A  Montgomery, 
and  the  Western  of  Alabama, — 265  miles  W.  of  Savannah, 
304  miles  S.  of  Nashville,  and  180  miles  N.  of  Mobile.  Lat. 
32°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  25'  W.  It  is  the  third  city  of  the 
state  in  population,  and  has  great  facilities  for  communica- 
tion with  the  surrounding  country.  The  Alabama  is  one 
of  the  best  rivers  in  the  Union  for  navigation,  and,  as  it  is 
never  closed  by  ice,  large  steamers  ascend  from  Mobile  to 
Montgomery  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  This  city  contains 
a  capitol  or  state-house,  a  fine  masonic  temple,  3  national 
banks,  several  machine-shops,  a  cotton-factory,  electric 
lights  and  street-railway,  and  ships  large  quantities  of  cot- 
ton. A  political  and  a  religious  weekly  and  2  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here.  The  seat  of  government  was 
established  in  Montgomery  in  1847.  Pop.  in  1880,  16,713; 
in  1890,  21,883. 

Montgomery,  a  gold-mining-oamp  of  Park  oc.  Col.,  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  South  Park,  about  85  miles  S.W.  of 
Denver,     ft  is  near  the  southern  base  of  Mount  Lincoln. 

Montgomery,   a    post-village   in    Aurora    township. 


MON 


1878 


MON 


Kane  oo.,  111.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Quincy  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Streator 
Branch  (called  also  Fox  River  Junction),  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Aurora.  It  has  a  cotton-factory,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Montgomery,  township,  Woodford  co..  111.    Pop.  652. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  P.  3121. 
It  contains  Owensville.     See  also  Montgomery  Station. 

Montgomery,  a  hamlet  in  Montgomery  township, 
Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1326. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  808. 

Montgomery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Hopkinsville.     It  has  an  academy. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  of  Grant  parish.  La.,  on 
Red  River,  300  miles  below  Shreveport,  and  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Natchitoches.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.    P.  160. 

Montgomery,  a  post-township  of  Hampden  oo.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Westfield 
River.     It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  304. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township, 
Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jaokson,  and 
Saginaw  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Clear  Lake,  and  42  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jaclfson.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  wooden  bowls  and  window- 
blinds.     Pop.  about  400. 

Montgomery  (Moon  Post-OflBce),  a  hamlet  of  Muske- 
gon CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  A  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  at  Trent  Station,  23  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Rajjids.     It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Montgomery,  a  post-township  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  803. 

Montgomery,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  New 
Orleans. 

Montgomery,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lincoln  oo.. 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
56  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

Montgomery,  township.  Hickory  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1575. 

Montgomery,  Missouri.    See  Montgomery  City. 

Montgomery,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Newark  &  Bloomfleld  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Newark. 

Montgomery,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Millstone  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Dela- 
ware A  Bound  Brook  Railroad.  Pop.  2066.  It  contains  a 
hamlet  named  Harlingen. 

Montgomery,  a  post- village  in  Montgomery  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  Wallkill 
Valley  and  Montgomery  A  Erie  Railroads,  70  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  New  York,  and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It 
contains  4  churches,  the  Montgomery  Academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  several 
flour-mills.  Pop.  960.  The  township  also  contains  a  large 
village  named  Walden.     Total  pop.  4514. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Ashland  oo.,  0.  Pop. 
4029.     It  contains  Ashland. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.  Pop. 
2470,  inclusive  of  Piqua  and  exclusive  of  Columbus. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Sycamore  township, 
rlamilton  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from  Remington  Station,  and  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  2 
saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  0.  Pop,  1451. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1636. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa.  Pop. 
3611,  exclusive  of  Meroersburg. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.    P.  932. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa. 
PojL  922, 

Montgomery,  a  hamlet  in  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Wartburg.    It  was  formerly  the  county  seat.    P.  30. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Tex.,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Houston.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  600. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  5  miles  from  East  Berkshire  Station,  and 
about  50  miles  N.  of  Montpelier,  It  has  several  churches, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1423. 

Montgomery,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Abingdon. 

Montgomery  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  in  Montgomery  township,  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
8t.  Albans.     It  has  manufactures  of  butter-tubs. 

Montgomery  City,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  oo.. 


Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad, 
82  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Mexico. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.   P.  (1890)  2199. 

Montgomery  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Hamilton  co., 
runs  southeastward  in  Story  co.,  and  enters  the  South  Skunk 
River  about  7  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Montgomery  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Montgomery  Islands,  a  group  of  six  small  rocky 
islets  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  at  the  entrance  of 
Doubtful  Bay.     Lat.  15°  49'  S. 

Montgomery  Quarry,  a  station  in  Caldwell  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of 
Princeton. 

Montgomery's,  a  station  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Pan-Handle  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Newark. 

Montgomery's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  22  miles  above  Harrisburg. 

Montgomeryshire,  Wales,     See  Montgomery. 

Montgomery  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  IJ  miles  from  Big  Tunnel 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 81  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  Here  are  sulphur  and 
chalybeate  springs  amidst  fine  mountain-scenery. 

Montgomery  Square,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Montgomery  Station,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of 
Vincennes.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
drug-store.     Pop.  135. 

Montgomery  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Catawissa  A  Williamsport  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Williamsport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  planing-mill,  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700. 

Montgom'eryville,  a  village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Reimerton  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  and  sev- 
eral churches  and  stores.     Here  is  Adrian  Post-Office. 

Montgnyon,  m6N»*g»i^yftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inf6rieure,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  1513. 

Monthei,  m6N>^t&',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Valais,  at  the  entrance  of  the  valley  of  Lie,  near  the  Rhone, 
21  miles  W.  of  Sion.     Pop.  2620. 

Montherm6,  m6N<>^teR^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dennes, on  the  Meuse,  8  miles  N.  of  M^zidres.     Pop.  2302. 

Monthnreux,  m6N»HuVuh',  a  town  of  France,  Vosges, 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mirecourt,  on  the  Sa8ne.     Pop.  1656. 

Monticelli,  mon-te-chil'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  district  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  1421. 

Monticelli,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Rome- 
Pop.  2304. 

Monticelli,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  near 
the  Tanaro.     Pop.  of  commune,  1851. 

Monticelli,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  E,S,E,  of 
Pavia.     Pop.  1698. 

Monticelli  d'Oglio,  mon-te-chdl'lee  d6l'yo,  a  vil 
lage  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  near  the  Oglio. 

Monticelli  d'Ongina,  mon-te-chdl'lee  don-jee'n&,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Piacenza 
It  has  a  beautiful  castle.     Pop.  of  commune,  8027. 

Monticello,mon-te-chfil'lo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  1500. 

Monticello,  monHe-sel'lo,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Drew  CO.,  Ark.,  about  90  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.  I* 
has  a  newspaper  office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1S90, 1285. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  about  42 
miles  W.  of  Sacramento. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefi^erson  co., 
Fla.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensa<5ola  A  Mobile 
Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tallahassee,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
the  main  line  of  railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1218. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga., 
about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  34  miles  N.  of  Macon. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  schools,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  849. 

Monticello,  or  God'frey,  a  post-village  of  Madison 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Jackson  division  with  the  main  line,  5  miles  N.  of 
Alton,  It  has  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office  named 
Godfrey,  and  the  Monticello  Seminary. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Piatt  co.,  HI.,  in 
Monticello  township,  about  i  mile  S.E.  of  the  Sangamon 
River,  It  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  a  branch  of  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western 
Railroad,  168  miles  S.S.W,  of  Chicago,  and  26  miles  E.N.K 


MON 


1879 


MON 


of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  and  2 
banking-houses.     Pop.  (1890)  1643 ;  of  the  township,  2832. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  White  co.,  Ind., 
in  Union  township,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the 
railroad  between  Logansport  A  Watseka,  21  miles  W.  of 
Logansport,  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2 
newspaper  ofiBoes,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  paper,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods.    P.  (1890)  1518. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Monticello  township, 
Jones  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Southwestern  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Davenport  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad, 
43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dubuque,  66  miles  N.N.W.  of  Daven- 
port, and  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  contains  6 
churches,  a  graded  school,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves 
and  mittens.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1938.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Maquoketa  River,     Pop.  2830. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Monticello  township, 
Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  about  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Leavenwortn, 
and  18  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Kansas  City.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.W.  by  Kansas  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1200. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky., 
about  95  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington,  and  7  miles  S.  of 
the  Cumberland  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  1  or  2 
churches,  and  a  banking-house. 

Monticello,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Aroostook 
CO.,  Me.,  13  miles  N.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  760. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Monticello  township, 
Wright  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  28 
miles  S.B.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  the  Monticello  Academy,  4  churches,  and  2  flouring- 
mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  903. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Pearl  River,  50  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  of 
Jackson,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Brookhaven.  It  has  3  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  200. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co..  Mo., 
on  the  North  Pabius  River,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Canton, 
and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Quincy,  111.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  the  Monticello  Seminary,     Pop.  301, 

Monticello,  or  Rich'field,  a  village  in  Richfield 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  W.  of  Richfield  Springs, 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Richfield  Post-OflSce. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Thompson  township,  on  the  Monticello  A  Port  Jer- 
vis  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Port  Jer- 
vis,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Newburg.  It  is  finely 
situated,  1387  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  is  surrounded 
by  hills.  It  contains  a  stone  court-house,  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices,    P,  912, 

Monticello,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C,  about 
75  miles  W.N.W,  of  Raleigh. 

Monticello,  a  village  in  Valley  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  at  Cowanshannock  Station,  3  miles  N,  of 
Kittanning.  It  has  a  church  and  a  blast  iron-furnace. 
Coal  is  mined  here. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  about 
30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbia,     It  has  a  church, 

Monticello,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co,,  Tenn.,  16 
miles  N.  of  luka.  Miss.     It  has  a  church, 

Monticello,  a  post-office  of  Titus  oo.,  Tex, 

Monticello,  Virginia,  in  Albemarle  co.,  3  miles  S.E, 
of  Charlottesville,  was  the  residence  of  Thomas  Jefferson, 
It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of  the 
Blue  Ridge  and  the  Rivanna  River, 

Monticello,  a  village  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cowlitz  River, 
and  on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad  (Pacific  division),  8  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Kalama. 

Monticello,  a  post- village  in  Mount  Pleasant  town- 
ship, Green  co..  Wis.,  12  miles  N,  of  Monroe,  and  about  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  about  250. 

Monticello,  township,  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  469. 

Monticel'lo,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  42  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  160, 

Monticello-Brusati,  mon-te-chSl'lo-broo-si'tee,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  8  miles  from  Iseo. 

Monticiano,  mon-te-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles 
from  Siena.     Pop,  2828. 

Monti^render,  m6N»He-iV6N»MaiR',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Mame,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vassy,     Pop.  1515. 

Montieri,  mon-te-i'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.W, 
•f  Siena.     Pop.  3909. 


Montiers-sar-Sanlx,  m6N<>He-&'-8iiR-85,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Meuse,  10  miles  S.  of  Ligny.     Pop.  1367. 

Montigium,  the  Latin  name  of  Montech. 

Montiglio,  mon-teol'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3222. 

Montignac,  m6N»Heen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  16  miles  N.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  2561. 

Montignoso-Lucchese,  mon-teen-yo'so-look-k4's&, 
a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  3  miles  from  Massa.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2099. 

Montigny,  m6N»Heen*yee',  numerous  small  villages  of 
France,  in  the  N.,  N,W.,  and  central  departments, 

Montigny-Ie-Roi,  mds-Meen'yee'-l^h-rwi,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Haute-Mame,  near  Langres.     Pop,  1199. 

Montigny-  (or  Montignies-)  le-Tilleul,  m6N*^- 
teen^yee'-l^h-tee'yul',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainant,  on 
the  Sambre,  24  miles  E.  of  Mens.     Pop,  1080, 

Montigny-  (or  Montignies- )  snr- Sambre,  m6N*^- 
teen^yee'-siiR-sfiMb'r,  a  suburb  of  Charleroi,  Belgium,  on  the 
E,  side  of  the  town.     Pop.  of  commune,  12,653, 

Mont^o,  or  Montixo,  mon-tee'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain, 
16  miles  E,  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana,     Pop.  5866. 

Montijo,  (mon-tee'Ho)  Bay,  in  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, South  America,  is  near  80°  W.  Ion, 

Montilii,  the  Latin  name  of  Montedx, 

Montilla,  mon-teel'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Cordova.  The  streets  are  broad,  clean, 
and  very  well  paved,  and  there  are  3  squares,  a  town 
house,  a  prison,  a  palace  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Medina- 
celi,  a  public  school,  an  asylum  for  orphan  girls,  a  poor- 
house  and  foundling  hospital,  a  hospital  for  the  sick  poor, 
a  parish  church,  7  hermitages  in  or  near  the  town,  3  con- 
vents, and  2  nunneries.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse 
linen  and  woollen  cloths,  oil-mills,  and  potteries,  and  was 
formerly  fortified.     Pop.  15,000, 

Montillana,  mon-teel-y&'n&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  30  miles  from  Granada,     Pop.  1162. 

Montiovet,  or  Montjovet,  mon-te-o-vSt',  a  village 
of  Italy,  5  miles  from  Verres,  on  the  Dora  Baltea. 

Montirat,  mdjio^tee^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
arrondissement  of  Alby.     Pop.  2502. 

Montis  Burgns,  the  Latin  name  of  Montebourg, 

Montivilliers,  mAN»HeeVee^y4'  (L.  Monaste'rium  Vil- 
la'ris),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- Inf6rieure,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Havre.  It  has  a  communal  college  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  leather,  linen,  Ac.     Pop.  3654. 

Montjean,  m6N»^zhiN«'  (L.  Mona  Johan'nis),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  13  miles  E.  of 
Beaupr6au.     Pop,  1582. 

Monljoie,  mby°^zhw&',  or  Montschan,  mont'sh&n 
(L,  Mons  Jo'vis),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles  S,S.E. 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  2262. 

Monljoie,  m&N>^zhw&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ari^ge, 
1  mile  N.  of  Saint-Girons. 

Monljovet,  a  village  of  Italy,     See  Montiotet, 

Montlh6ry,  m6N«M&^ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
et-Oise,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Paris,  on  the  slope  of  a  hill 
crowned  by  a  tower  commanding  a  good  view  of  Paris  and 
its  environs.     Pop,  2066. 

Montlien,  mON>Me-nh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente- 
Inf^rieure,  16  miles  S.E,  of  Jonzac. 

Monti  ouis,  m6s*^loo^ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr£- 
n6es-0rientales,  40  miles  W.S.W,  of  Perpignan,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Pyrenees.     Pop.  1080. 

Montlonis,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  6^ 
miles  E.  of  Tours,  with  a  station  on  the  Orleans  A  Toara 
Railway.     Pop.  623, 

Montlonis,  m6N*Moo^ee',  a  post-village  in  GaspS  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St,  Lawrence,  41  miles  W. 
by  N,  of  Fox  River,     Pop.  200. 

Montlu^on,  m6N»Mii*86N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cher,  close  to  the  Canal  de  Berri, 
48  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Moulins,  Pop.  21,904.  It  is 
crowned  by  a  ruined  castle,  and  has  remains  of  old  walls 
and  towers,  a  communal  college,  glass-works,  iron-works, 
tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  mirrors,  copper  wares,  Ac. 

Montluel,  m6N<>Mii^ir  (L,  Mon*  Lupel'li),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ain,  16  miles  N.E,  of  Lyons,  and  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Tr6voux,     It  has  woollen-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  2368. 

Montmagny,  m6N»^m&n^yee',  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part 
of  Quebec,  having  the  St,  Lawrence  for  its  N.  boundary 
and  the  state  of  Maine  for  its  S.  Ares,  398,963  acres.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Mont- 
magny, or  St,  Thomas,     Pop.  13,665, 

Montmagny,  or  Saint  Tliomas,  a  village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co,  of  Montmagny,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 


MON 


1880 


MON 


49  miles  E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains,  besides  the  county 
buildings,  a  church,  a  college,  about  25  stores,  and  saw-, 
grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  1512. 

M ontmarault,  m6»»*ma^r5',  a  town  of  France,  in  AI- 
lier,  16  miles  E.  of  Montlufon.     Pop.  1612. 

Montmartin-sur-Mer,  m6N»^maB^t4N»'-8iiR-maiB,  a 
village  of  France,  in  Manche,  close  to  the  English  Channel, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Coutances. 

Montmartre)  m6N»^maRt'r',  a  village  of  Prance,  in 
Seine,  forming  a  N.  suburb  of  Paris,  within  the  fortifica- 
tions. It  is  a  favorite  Sunday  resort  for  the  Parisians,  and 
has  many  inns  and  villas,  with  an  asylum  for  the  aged,  2 
schools,  oil-cloth-factories,  scagliola-works,  woollen-mills, 
and  gypsum-quarries.  Here  is  the  cemetery  of  Mont- 
martre,  the  oldest  burial-ground  of  modern  Paris. 

Montm^dy;  m6N»^miMee'  (L.  Maledictua),  a  fortified 
town  of  France,  in  Mouse,  on  the  Chiers,  25  miles  N.  of 
Verdun.  Pop.  2219.  It  is  defended  by  extensive  out- 
works, and  has  barracks,  a  military  hospital,  and  a  prison. 

Montm^lian,  m6N»^miHe-6N»',  a  town  of  Savoy,  on 
the  Isere,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chamb6ry.  It  was  once  so  strong 
as  to  be  regarded  as  the  bulwark  of  Savoy  and  the  key  of 
its  Alps  ;  but  its  fortifications  were  finally  demolished  by 
Louis  XIV.  in  1705.     Pop.  1073. 

Montmerle,  m6N»^mSRl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain, 
9  miles  N.  of  Tr^voux,  on  the  Sa&ne.     Pop.  1981. 

Montmirail)  m6N"^mee^r&I'  (L.  Mona  Mirah'ilis),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Marne,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Epernay.  Pop. 
2077.  It  has  mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery, 
leather,  and  copper  and  tin  wares. 

Montmoreuci)  mont^mo-ren'se,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Aiken.     It  has  a  church. 

Montmorency^  m6Na^mo^r&N"^8ee',  or  Enghien, 
6Ko^ghe-S,N»'  (L.  Monmorenciacum),  a  village  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pontoise.  Pop.  3943. 
Here  is  the  large  forest  of  Montmorency,  much  frequented 
by  Parisians.  Near  it  is  the  Hermitage,  a  favorite  resi- 
dence of  Rousseau. 

Montmorency,  mont^mo-ren'se,  a  river  of  Quebec, 
rises  in  Snow  Lake,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Quebec,  after  forming  a  cataract  250  feet  in  height. 
This  river  is  a  torrent  from  its  source  to  its  mouth ;  and  the 
falls  are  a  great  attraction  to  tourists.  The  village  of  Mont- 
morency Falls  is  6  miles  from  Quebec. 

Montmorency,  mont^mo-ren'se,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  has  ah  area  of 
580  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  Thunder  Bay 
River  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Hillman.  P.  in  1890, 1487. 

Montmorency,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec, 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  St.  Lawrence.  Capital,  Chateau 
Richer.     Area,  2183  square  miles.     Pop.  12,085. 

Montmorency,  township,  Whiteside  co..  111.     P.  586. 

Montmorency,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  So  Bloomington  and  Cincinnati, 
Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroads,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Montmorency,  a  township  of  Montmorency  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  177. 

Montmorillon,  m6H»^moVeeV6N»'  (L.  Mona  Mauri- 
lionia),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  30  miles  by  rail  E.S.E. 
of  Poitiers.  Pop.  4126.  It  has  a  curious  octagonal  temple 
built  over  a  sepulchral  cave,  a  seminary,  a  hospital,  and 
manufactures  of  lime,  pottery,  and  famous  macaroons. 

Montodine,  mon-to-dee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cremona,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Serio,  2i  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Adda.     Pop.  2511. 

Montodori8io,mon-to-do-ree'se-o,  or  Monteodori- 
Bio,  mon-ti'o-do-ree'se-0,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Chieti,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  1989. 

Montoir-de-Bretague,  m6Ni»HwaR'-d§-br§h-t5,n' 
(L.  Mon«  Aureua),  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- Inferieure, 
on  the  Loire,  near  its  mouth,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nantes. 
Pop.  588,  partly  employed  in  vitriol-works. 

Montoire,  m6N»^twaR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Blois.  Pop.  2654.  It  is  com- 
manded by  a  ruined  castle,  and  has  cavalry-barracks. 

Montolieu,  m6N»'toUe-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude, 
10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1508. 

Montona,  mon-to'nS,,  a  town  of  Austria,  lUyria,  gov- 
ernment of  Istria,  21  miles  S.  of  Triest.     Pop.  1267. 

Montone,  mon-to'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  Sicily,  province 
of  Syracuse,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Modica.     Pop.  4000. 

Montone  (anc.  IPtia),  a  river  of  Italy,  falls  into  the 
Adriatic  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ravenna.     Length,  45  miles. 

Monton'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co.,  Ark.,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pine  Bluff.     It  has  a  church. 


Montopoli,  mon-top'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  Tuscany,  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  3222. 

Montorio,  mon-to're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  cf 
Campobasso,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  2195. 

Montorio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3927. 

Montoro,  mon-to'ro,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  27 
miles  N.E.  of  Cordova,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the 
Guadalquivir.  It  has  5  squares,  a  hospital  (one  of  the  best 
institutions  of  the  kind  in  Andalusia),  a  granary,  a  town 
house,  a  foundling  hospital,  a  college  for  young  ladies,  and 
various  public  and  private  schools.  The  neighborhood 
abounds  with  quarries  of  millstone,  limestone,  rock  salt, 
and  pitch-stone,  as  well  as  mines  of  antimony,  copper,  and 
cobalt.  There  are  fulling-mills  and  flour-  and  oil- mills. 
The  principal  article  of  export  is  oil,  in  great  quantities. 
Pop.  10,999. 

Montoro  Inferiore,  mon-to'ro  een-f4-re-o'ri,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  11  miles  N.  of  Salerno. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen.  Pop.  6078.  Adjacent  is 
Montoro  Superiobb,  Boo-pi-re-o'ri.     Pop.  5176. 

Montour,  m6n-toor',  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  150  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  by  Chillisquaque  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
several  high  ridges,  one  of  which  is  called  Montour's  Ridge.^ 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  <fco.  The  chief  article  of  export  is  iron  (mostly 
forged  and  rolled).  Limestone  crops  out  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Wilkesbarre  <fc  Western  Railroad, 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Philadelphia  &,  Reading 
Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Danville.  Pop.  in  1670,  15,344;  in  1880, 
15,468 ;  in  1890,  15,645. 

Montour,  a  post-village  in  Indian  Village  township, 
Tama  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marshalltown. 
It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  graded 
school,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  lime-kiln.     Pop.  600. 

Montour,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  514. 

Montour,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1885. 
It  contains  the  greater  part  of  Havanna. 

Montour,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  627. 

Montour  Ridge,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  the  cos.  of  Co- 
lumbia and  Montour,  and  is  nearly  parallel  with  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  which  runs  along  its 
base.  It  is  about  20  miles  long.  Good  iron  ore  and  lime- 
stone are  abundant  in  this  ridge,  which  is  in  close  proximity 
to  Danville,  the  seat  of  large  iron-works. 

Montoursville,  mon-toorz'vil,  a  post-borough  of  Ly- 
coming CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Loyalsock  Creek,  and  on  the  Cata- 
wissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  a  paper-mill,  2  or  3  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  pumps,  wagons,  <fco.,  and  an  extensive 
trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1278. 

Mon'towese,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
in  North  Haven  township,  on  the  Air-Line  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  New  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

Montpelier,  mont-peel'y^r,  a  post-village  of  Bear  Lake 
CO.,  Idaho,  about  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evanston.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cheese,  lumber,  and  salt.     P.  (1890)  1174. 

Montpelier,  a  post-village  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Salamonie  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  <t  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad,  38  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  808. 

Montpelier,  a  township  of  Muscatine  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  576. 

Montpelier,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Ky. 

Montpelier,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  Miss. 

Montpelier,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Montpelier,  a  post- village  in  Superior  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Bryan, 
and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  grist- 
and  saw-mills,  and  iron-foundries.     Pop.  in  1890,  1293. 

Montpelier,  the  capital  of  Vermont  and  of  Washington 
CO.,  is  situated  on  a  plain,  on  the  Winooski  or  Onion  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  its  N.  branch,  about  200  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington.  Lat.  44°  17' 
N.;  Ion.  72°  35'  W.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Montpelier  ci. 
Wells  River  Railroad.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  country 
which  is  fertile  and  highly  cultivated.  The  state-house  is 
a  handsome  granite  edifice,  with  a  portico  supported  by  6 
massive  Doric  columns,  and  a  dome  which  is  124  feet  high. 
Montpelier  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  national 
banks,  2  savings-banks,  the  Vermont  Methodist  Seminary, 


MON 


1881 


MON 


a  graded  school,  the  state  library  of  about  14,000  volumes, 
printing-offioes  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  3 
hotels.  Here  are  several  flour-uiills,  tanneries,  manufac- 
tories of  machinery,  children's  carriages,  &o.,  and  marble, 
and  granite-works.  This  town  became  the  capital  of  Ver- 
mont in  1805.  Pop.  in  1860,  2411 ;  in  1870,  3023;  in  1880, 
3219;  in  1890,3617. 

Montpelier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanover  oo.,  Ya.,  on  the 
South  Anna  Eiver,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Moutpelier,  a  post-office  in  Montpelier  township, 
Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.,  about  27  miles  N.  of  Manitowoc.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  pop.  of  1157. 

Montpelier  Janction,  a  station  in  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Montpelier  Branch,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Montpelier. 

Montpellier,  mont-p4l'le-9r  (Fr.  pron.  mW^pSrie-i' ; 
L.  Hfona  Pesaula'nus),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  H4rault,  finely  situated  on  an  undulating 
acclivity  washed  by  the  Lez,  about  6  miles  N.  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marseilles.  A  railway 
from  Montpellier  extends  to  Nimee,  connecting  with  the 
Marseilles  &  Lyons  Railway.  Montpellier  is  distinguished 
for  the  brightness  of  its  atmosphere  and  the  mild  salubrity 
of  its  climate,  and  is  recommended  as  a  proper  residence 
for  consumptive  patients.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  pecu- 
liar richness  and  beauty  of  the  landscape  of  the  vicinity, 
the  district,  for  above  2  miles  around,  being  studded  witli 
handsome  country-seats,  surrounded  by  gardens,  orchards, 
vineyards,  and  olive-yards.  The  city,  enclosed  by  an  old 
wall  in  ruins  and  defended  by  a  citadel,  rises  in  the  form 
of  an  amphitheatre,  along  a  slope,  the  summit  of  which, 
168  feet  above  sea-level,  is  occupied  by  the  Place  de 
Peyrou,  which  has  been  laid  out  at  vast  expense,  com- 
mands magnificent  views,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
finest  promenades  in  Europe.  At  one  of  its  extremities  is 
the  Ch3,teau  d'Eau,  a  kind  of  fountain-temple,  which  re- 
ceives its  water  from  a  noble  aqueduct  of  53  large  arches 
and  2896  feet  in  length,  led  across  the  valley  from  an 
opposite  hill,  and  sends  down  copious  supplies  to  every 
quarter  of  the  town.  Montpellier  is  irregularly  built,  and 
most  of  the  streets  are  steep  and  narrow.  The  principal 
buildings  deserving  notice  are  the  cathedral,  a  large  edi- 
fice, 7  other  Roman  Catholic  churches  and  a  Protestant 
church,  the  old  episcopal  palace,  now  occupied  by  the 
School  of  Medicine,  the  theatre,  exchange,  with  a  fine  Co- 
rinthian colonnade,  Palais  de  Justice,  and  triumphal  arch 
of  the  Doric  order,  forming  the  gateway  of  Peyrou.  The 
most  important  public  establishments  are  the  Ecole  de 
M^deoine,  a  medical  school  of  great  celebrity  (said  to  have 
been  founded  by  Arab  physicians  driven  out  of  Spain),  with 
valuable  anatomical  collections  and  splendid  amphitheatre, 
the  botanical  garden,  the  public  library,  the  Musle  Fabre,  a 
picture-gallery  remarkably  rich  in  works  of  the  best  masters, 
several  large  and  well-managed  hospitals,  among  which 
may  be  specified  the  General  Hospital  and  H&tel-Dieu  Saint- 
Eloi,  &o,  Montpellier  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the  seat 
of  high  courts.  It  also  possesses  a  commercial  chamber,  an 
acadSmie  univeraitaire,  college,  diocesan  seminary,  facul- 
ties of  medicine  and  science,  special  school  of  pharmacy, 
museums  of  painting  and  sculpture,  and  a  library  of  30,000 
volumes.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
verdigris,  mineral  acids,  and  other  chemical  products,  corks, 
liqueurs,  perfumes,  several  tanneries,  sugar-refineries,  and 
many  distilleries  of  brandy  and  spirits.  The  harbor  of  Ju- 
venal, formed  by  the  Lez,  and  not  a  mile  distant  from  the 
town,  gives  great  facilities  for  trade,  the  chief  articles  of 
which  are  wines,  brandies,  spirits,  olive  oil,  fruits,  leather, 
wool,  copper,  verdigris,  <fcc.  Montpellier  was  built  in  the 
tenth  century  out  of  the  ruins  of  Maugelonne.  Louis  XIII. 
took  it  from  the  Calvinists  in  1622.     Pop.  in  1891,  69,258. 

Montpellier,  Comte  de,  k6N»Hi'  d^h  m6N»^p4rie-i', 
an  ancient  district  of  France,  formerly  dependent  on  the 
province  of  Lower  Languedoc,  but  previously  long  governed 
by  independent  counts.     It  now  forms  part  of  H6rault. 

Moutpensier,  m6iJ»^p5N»^se-i',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Riom. 

Mont  Perc6,  m6u»  pfiR'si',  or  Table  Roulante, 
tib'l  rooMftNt',  a  remarkable  mountain  in  rear  of  Pero6,  co. 
of  Gasp6,  Quebec.  It  rises  to  a  height  of  1230  feet,  and 
can  be  seen  by  the  mariner  40  miles  away. 

Mont  Perdu,  m6N»^  pSa^dii'  (Sp.  Monte  Perdido, 
mon'ti  pcR-dee'Do;  both  names  signifying  "lost  moun- 
tain"), one  of  the  highest  summits  of  the  Pyrenees,  situ- 
ated in  Aragon,  Spain.  Lat.  42°  36'  N.;  Ion.  0°  2'  E.  It 
has  an  elevation  of  10,950  feet. 

Montpeyroux,    m6w»*pi^roo',   a    village    of    France, 
in  HSrault,  9  miles  E.8.E.  of  LodSve.     Pop.  1348. 
119 


Montpeyroux,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  arroA- 

dissement  of  Espalion.     Pop.  1772. 

Montp^zat,  m6M"^p&^z&'  (L.  Motu  Penta'tua),  a  villagt 
of  France,  in  Arddche,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Argentidre. 

Montp^zat,  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1450. 

Montp6zat)  a  village  of  France,  in  Tam-et-Garonne, 
16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1021. 

Montpont,  vabtfybif' ,  a  village  of  France,  in  SsAne- 
et-Loire,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Micon.     Pop.  211. 

Mon'tra,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  24  milec  S. 
of  Lima.     It  has  2  chnrches  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  110. 

Montradok,  mon-tr&-dok',  or  Tradok,  tiiUdok',  a 
large  village  on  the  island  of  Borneo,  on  a  plain  at  the  baM 
of  a  mountain-range,  about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Sambas. 

Moutraille,  mon-tral',  or  MounHraille',  u  county 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
partly  by  the  Missouri  River.     Area,  2895  square  miles. 

Montreal,  m6K<>^tr&^&r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  11 
miles  W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1923. 

Montreal,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  29  miles  N.W. 
of  Auch.     Pop.  690. 

Montreal,  monHre-awl',  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co., 
Va.,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottesville. 

Montreal,  monHre-awl'  (Fr.  MontrSal,  m6M»Hri'il'; 
Sp.  Montereal,  mon-t&-r&-&l' ;  L.  Mont  Bega'li*,  i.e., "  Mount 
Royal"),  a  city  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  situated 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Island  of  Montreal,  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence River  (here  above  2  miles  wide),  180  miles  S.W.  of 
Quebec,  620  miles  from  the  sea,  and  420  miles  N.  of  New 
York.  Lat.  46°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  34'  W.  It  is  at  the  head 
of  ocean  navigation,  and  at  the  commencement  of  lak« 
and  river  navigation,  and  has  railway  communication  with 
the  chief  cities  of  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

The  Island  of  Montreal,  on  which  the  town  is  built,  ia 
situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ottawa  with  the  St.  Law- 
rence. It  is  32  miles  long,  by  about  10  miles  broad  at  tho 
widest  part. 

Montreal  occupies  a  low  tract  of  land  about  2  miles  wida 
between  a  beautiful  elevation,  called  "  Mount  Royal,"  and 
the  river.  It  is  divided  into  9  wards.  Some  of  the  street! 
are  narrow  and  ill  paved,  but  the  majority  will  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  any  city.  The  principal  streets 
have  large  well-built  edifices,  constructed  chiefly  of  lime- 
stone quarried  near  the  city.  These  buildings,  combined 
with  the  effect  of  the  lofty  towers  and  spires,  give  the  city 
a  very  imposing  appearance. 

The  principal  buildings  are  the  city  hall,  court-house^ 
post-office,  custom-house,  seminary  of  St.  Sulpice,  convent 
of  Notre  Dame,  general  hospital.  Grey  Nunnery,  Montreal 
College,  McGill  University,  St.  Mary's  College,  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  building,  Theatre  Royal,  Dominion 
theatre,  medical  school,  Victoria  skating-rink,  Protestant 
House  of  Industry  and  Refuge,  St.  Bridget's  House  of 
Refuge,  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  St.  Patrick's  Orphan 
Asylum,  deaf  and  dumb  asylums  (Protestant  and  Catholic), 
the  Hdtel-Dieu,  Ladies'  Benevolent  Institution,  Female 
Home,  Protestant  Infants'  Home,  Queen's  Hall,  Mechanics 
Hall,  barracks,  drill-shed.  Sailors'  Institute,  St.  George's 
Home,  St.  Andrew's  Home,  St.  James'  Club,  Crystal  Palace, 
Montreal  telegraph  office,  Ac,  and  8  markets,  including  the 
Bonsecours,  a  magnificent  pile  with  a  lofty  dome.  There 
are  also  a  Society  of  Natural  History,  a  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute, a  Canadian  Institute,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Mercan- 
tile Library,  Board  of  Trade,  Corn  Exchange,  Ac,  and  68 
churches.  The  cathedral  of  Notre  Dame  is  capable  of  con- 
taining from  10,000  to  12,000  persons.  It  is  255  feet  long 
and  145  feet  broad,  with  two  towers  220  feet  in  height.  In 
the  N.E.  tower  is  a  fine  chime  of  bells,  and  in  the  N.W.  is 
a  bell  weighing  29,400  lbs.  Christ  Church  cathedral,  • 
very  fine  example  of  Gothic  architecture,  is  built  of  Mon- 
treal limestone  with  Caen  stone  dressings.  The  church  of 
Gesu,  a  very  imposing  edifice,  is  230  feet  long  and  102  feet 
wide,  with  a  transept  152  long.  The  walls  and  ceiling  of 
the  interior  are  beautifully  frescoed.  Another  magnificent 
pile  is  the  Roman  Catholic  Bishop's  Church, — St.  Peter's, 
— after  a  model  of  its  namesake  in  Rome.  Trinity,  St. 
George,  St.  Andrew,  St.  Paul,  and  the  majority  of  the  other 
churches  are  handsome  edifices.  The  largest  banking- 
houses  in  the  Dominion  have  their  head  offices  in  Mon- 
treal, and  have  very  handsome  and  costly  structures.  Th« 
harbor  of  Montreal,  which  is  formed  towards  the  St.  Law« 
renoe,  is  secure,  and  the  quays  are  built  of  limestone,  and, 
uniting  with  the  locks  and  out-stone  wharves  of  the  La- 
chine  Canal,  present  for  several  miles  a  display  of  continu- 
ous masonry.     A  broad  terrace,  faced  with  gray  limestone* 


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the  parapets  of  which  are  surmounted  with  a  substantial 
iron  railing,  divides  the  city  from  the  river  throughout  its 
whole  extent.  Improvements  in  the  harbor  are  yearly 
being  made  to  accommodate  the  large  increase  of  shipping. 

Among  the  manufactories  are  foundries  of  iron,  distil- 
leries, breweries,  sugar-refineries,  soap-  and  candle-works, 
manufactories  of  hardware,  carriages  and  sleighs,  corn 
brooms,  wooden-ware,  glass,  paints  and  drugs,  edge-tools, 
locomotives,  steam-engines,  boilers,  india-rubber  goods, 
printing-presses,  agricultural  implements,  musical  instru- 
ments, paper,  rope,  sewing-machines,  types,  pins,  tobacco, 
woollen  and  cotton  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac.  There  are, 
besides,  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  rolling-mills,  lead-works, 
brass-foundries,  and  many  other  industrial  establishments. 

This  city  is  the  terminus  of  2  divisions  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  and  other  railways  connect  it  with  Quebec 
and  Ottawa.  The  head  offices  and  chief  works  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  are  at  Point  St.  Charles,  a  suburb  in  the  western 
part  of  the  city.  The  Victoria  bridge  (built  1854r-59)  here 
spans  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  9184  lineal  feet  in 
length, — 24  spans  of  242  feet  each,  and  one  (the  centre,  60 
feet  above  the  river)  of  330  feet.  The  bridge  cost  nearly 
$7,000,000. 

The  city  has  about  20  banks,  4  savings-banks,  40  assur- 
ance and  insurance  agencies,  3  medical  schools,  2  general 
hospitals,  an  asylum  for  aged  and  infirm  women,  3  orphan 
asylums,  a  lying-in  hospital,  2  magdalen  asylums,  a  dis- 
pensary, a  ladies'  benevolent  society,  2  houses  of  refuge,  an 
infants'  home,  a  newsboys'  home,  and  a  number  of  institu- 
tions under  charge  of  Sisters  of  Charity.  There  are  pub- 
lished 7  daily,  4  tri-weekly,  17  weekly,  1  fortnightly,  and 
15  monthly  newspapers  and  periodicals,  besides  religious 
and  scientific  journals. 

The  educational  means  of  the  city  comprise  a  university 
with  faculties  of  law,  art,  science,  and  medicine,  a  Roman 
Catholic  theological  college,  a  Jesuit  college,  a  high  school, 
2  normal  schools,  several  classical  and  scientific  academies, 
and  a  number  of  private  and  public  schools ;  also  2  affil- 
iated medical  colleges,  one  to  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville, 
the  other  to  Victoria  College,  Cobourg. 

Montreal  returns  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
and  three  to  the  Provincial  Legislature.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  and  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  The  climate  in 
summer  is  hot,  often  reaching  90°  in  the  shade,  and  the 
winters  are  severe,  the  temperature  ranging  very  often  from 
zero  to  10°  and  even  30°  below  it.  Pop.  in  1844,  44,093  ; 
in  1861,  37,715;  in  1861,  90,323;  in  1871,  107,225;  in 
1881  (area  increased),  155,237 ;  in  1891, 216,650, — composed 
chiefly  of  French  Canadians,  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch. 

On  the  3d  of  October,  1535,  Jacques  Cartier  first  landed 
here,  and  found  an  Indian  village  called  Hochelaga.  Car- 
tier  named  the  place  Mount  Royal.  It  first  began  to  be 
settled  by  Europeans  in  1542,  and  exactly  one  century  after- 
wards the  spot  destined  for  the  city  was  named  Ville  Marie, 
a  name  which  it  retained  for  a  long  period.  In  1760  it  was 
taken  by  the  English.  At  this  time  it  was  surrounded  by 
a  wall  flanked  with  eleven  redoubts,  a  ditch,  a  fort,  and  a 
citadel.  Montreal  is  surrounded  by  villages  whose  united 
population  numbers  over  20,000. 

Montreale.    See  Monreale. 

Montreal  Island,  Canada.    See  Montreal. 

Montreal  River,  a  small  stream  which  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  It  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  Lake  Superior  at  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Ontonagon  co.,  Mich.  It  has  several  falls,  one 
of  which,  nearly  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  said  to  be  90 
feet  high. 

Montredon,  mdM»HriM6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
17  miles  E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  794. 

Montr^jean,  mftuoHri^zho',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  8  miles  W.  of  Saint-Gaudens.  It 
has  tanneries,  flour-mills,  and  a  large  factory  of  tricot. 
Pop.  2648. 

Moutrelais,  m6N»Hr^h-li',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Loire,  12  miles  E.  of  Ancenis.  J?op. 
1979. 

Montreuil-Bellay,  m6N»HruI' -  bfirii',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saumur. 
Pop.  2017. 

Montreuil  le  Ch^tif,  m6M»HruI'  l^h  shiHeef ,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Sarthe,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mamers. 

Montreuil-sons-Bois,  m6N»HruI'-soo-bwS,  (L.  Mon- 
tteriolum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  3i  miles  E.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  13,607,  employed  in  manufactures  of  enamelled  leather 
and  porcelain. 

Mo»treuil-8ur-Mer,  miNo'truI'-siir-maiR,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Pas -de-Calais,  on  the  Canche,  8  miles  from  its 


mouth,  with  a  station  on  the  Amiens  Branch  of  the  North- 
ern Railway,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boulogne.  Pop.  3473.  It 
has  a  communal  college,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  rampart  and 
defended  by  a  strong  hill-fortress. 

Montreux,  m5NoHruh',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Lausanne. 

Montrevel,  m6No'tr§h-vSr,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain 
arrondissement  of  Bourg,  on  the  Reyssouse.     Pop.  1485. 

Montrichard,  mdNo'ree^shaa',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Cher,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Blois. 
Pop.  2881. 

Montriconx,  miijo^ree^koo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aveyron,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1551. 

Montrigaud,  m6no^ree^go',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Dr6me,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valence,     Pop.  1144. 

Montrose,  mont-roz',  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Forfar,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Aberdeen.  Lat.  56°  42'  30" 
N. ;  Ion.  2°  28'  W.  Lines  of  railway  connect  it  with  the 
principal  towns  of  Scotland.  The  public  buildings  are  the 
town  hall,  containing  a  court-room,  news-room,  and  public 
library,  the  lunatic  asylum,  the  infirmary,  the  house  of 
refuge,  the  museum,  containing  a  valuable  collection,  the 
academy,  and  a  magnificent  chain  bridge.  The  principal 
business  in  Montrose  is  flax-spinning  and  weaving.  Starch 
of  superior  quality  is  manufactured,  and  the  town  has 
tanneries,  iron-foundries,  a  com-  and  flour-mill,  and  ship- 
yards. The  harbor  of  Montrose  is  one  of  the  best  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Scotland.  It  is  formed  by  the  entrance  of 
the  South  Esk  into  the  North  Sea,  and  has  good  docks  and 
quays.  The  chief  imports  are  flax  and  hemp,  coals,  and 
herrings;  the  exports,  manufactured  goods,  grain,  and  cattle. 
Steamers  ply  between  Montrose  and  London,  Leith,  Dun- 
dee, and  Aberdeen.  Montrose  unites  with  other  burghs  in 
returning  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  13,043. 

Montrose,  a  post-town  of  Colorado,  capital  of  Montrose 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Uncompahgre  River,  and  on  the  Den- 
ver <fc  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  about  160  miles  direct  S.W.  of 
Denver,  and  63  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Gunnison.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
flour-mills,  wood-  and  metal-works,  creamery,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  pork-paoking  establishment,  several  saw-mills, 
and  a  noted  artesian  well  of  mineral  waters.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1330;  in  1895,  about  1800. 

Montrose,  a  hamlet  in  Cook  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Chioago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Wisconsin  division),  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago.  A  branch  railroad  extends  hence  to 
the  Union  Stock-Yards  and  West  Chicago  Railroad  shops. 
Here  is  a  church,  also  some  remarkable  artesian  wells. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &,  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Effingham.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  Montroae 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  head  of  the 
lower  rapids,  11  miles  N.  of  Keokuk,  and  32  miles  S.W.  of 
Burlington.  It  is  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Bur- 
lington with  Keokuk,  and  has  3  churches,  an  institute,  &o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  778;  of  the  township,  1788. 

Montrose,  a  post-township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Saginaw.     It  is  intersected  by  Flint  River. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on  or 
near  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Min- 
neapolis.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co..  Miss.,  about 
36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Meridian.     It  has  2  churches. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  in  Deepwater  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  53 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia,  and  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nevada.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  644. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N.y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of 
New  York. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Akron. 

Montrose,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     See  Houston. 

Montrose,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  42  miles  N.  of  Wilkesbarre,  and  22  miles 
S.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y.  It  contains  7  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  man- 
ufactures of  farming-implements,  leather,  &o.  The  Mont- 
rose Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Tunkhannock. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1735. 

Montrose,  a  village  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  30  miles  E.  of 
Gallatin.     It  has  3  churches. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Mont- 


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MOO 


rose  township,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oregon  Station.  It  has 
a  ohuroh.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1 079. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  in  Welland  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Welland  River,  4i  miles  from  Port  Robinson.     P.  100. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  47  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Montrose  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co., 
j*a.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  34 
miles  N.  of  Soranton,  and  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Montrose. 

MontVoss',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Northern  Neck,  6  miles  S.  of  the  Potomac 
River,  and  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Montronge,  m6N»^roozh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
forming  a  southern  suburb  of  Paris,  beyond  the  fortifications. 
Pop.  6371.  Here  is  the  entrance  to  the  catacombs  extend- 
ing beneath  Paris.  The  commune  of  Petit-Montrouge  is 
now  enclosed  by  the  fortifications. 

Mont- Saint- Aubert,  mdw-siNt-S^baiR',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons. 

Mont  Saint  Hilaire,m6N<>s4NteeM^R',  a  post-village 
in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec,  3i  miles  from  St.  Hilaire  Station. 
It  contains  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  2  carding-mills,  a 
flaz-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Mont- Saint- Jean,  m6N<>-s4Ko-zh&Ne,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  South  Brabant,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels,  immedi- 
ately E.  of  the  field  where  was  fought  the  action  of  Water- 
loo, called  by  the  French  the  battle  of  Mont-Saint- Jean. 

Mont- Saint -Michel,  miNs-siN»-mee^shSl',  a  pic- 
turesque, steep,  and  fortified  rock  off  the  coast  of  Nor- 
mandy, in  Cancale  Bay,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Avranches.  On 
its  summit  is  an  abbey,  founded  in  the  eighth  century, 
clustered  around  which  is  an  irregular  town.     Pop,  1056. 

Montschan,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Montjoie. 

Moutsech,  mont-s5k',  a  range  of  mountains  in  Spain, 
Catalonia,  province  of  Lerida,  stretching  from  E.  to  W. 
about  26  miles. 

Montserrat,  a  mountain  of  Spain.     See  Monserrat. 

Mont^serrat',  or  Montserrat',  a  British  West  In- 
dia island,  colony  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  lat.  16°  45'  N., 
Ion.  61°  W.,  is  12  miles  in  length  and  8  miles  in  maximum 
breadth.  Area,  47  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  and 
much  broken,  with  a  volcanic  soil,  and  is  well  adapted  to 
sugar-  and  coflFee-culture.  It  exports  also  some  cotton, 
arrow-root,  and  fruit.  It  is  called  the  most  healthful  and 
pleasant  of  the  AVest  India  Islands.  It  has  a  local  govern- 
ment of  its  own.     Capital,  Plymouth.     Pop.  8693. 

Mont^serrat',  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co..  Mo. 

Montsurs,  mftuo^suR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne, 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1907. 

Monts  Verts,  the  French  for  Vermont. 

Mont-Tendre,  mduo-tftNd'r,  one  of  the  Jura  Moun- 
tains, Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Lake 
Joux,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Lausanne.     Height,  5538  feet. 

Montu-Beccaria,  mon'too-bdk-k&'re-&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voghera,  on  the  Versa,  an  af9uent 
of  the  Po.     Pop.  3252. 

Montn  de  Gabbi,  m&n'too  dk  g&b'bee,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Pavia,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voghera,  on 
the  Versa,  an  affluent  of  the  Po. 

Montuiri,  mon-twee-ree',  a  town  of  the  Baleario  Isles, 
Majorca,  17  miles  E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  2086. 

Montvale,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.     See  East  Wobubn. 

Mont'vale,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Montvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex.,  85 
miles  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Montvale  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Blount  CO.,  Tenn.,  is  at  the  foot  of  Chilhowee  Mountain, 
25  miles  S.  of  Knoxville.  Here  are  mineral  springs,  con- 
taining sulphates  of  magnesia,  soda,  and  lime. 

Mont  Ventoux,  m6N«'  v6noHoo',  a  mountain  of  France, 
department  of  Vaucluse,  near  the  frontier  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Dr8me.     Height,  6263  feet. 

Montville,  a  village  of  France.     See  Monville. 

3Iont'ville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Montville  township,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Hartford. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Thames  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad, 
on  which  is  Montville  Station,  6  miles  N.  of  New  London. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2344. 

Montville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  Mont- 
ville township,  about  17  miles  W.  of  Belfast.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 1467. 

Montville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  keelers  and  hand-rakes. 


Montville,  a  post- village  in  Monntville  township,  Mor- 
ris CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  the  Delaware^ 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  about  12  miles  W.  of 
Paterson.    It  has  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  iron-works. 

Montville,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Auburn. 

Montville,  a  post-village  of  Geauga  oo.,  0.,  in  Mont- 
ville township,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  haa 
2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  705. 

Montville,  a  township  of  Medina  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1097. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Medina. 

Monacco,  mo-nook'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Asti. 

Mon'ument,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

Monament,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  Mon 
ument  Creek,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad, 
56  miles  S.  of  Denver.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Monument,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  288  miles  W.  of  Junction  City. 

Monument,  a  post-viUage  of  Barnstable  oo.,  Mass.,  on 
the  N.E.  shore  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  the  Cape  Cod 
division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston. 

Monument,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon. 

Monument,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  77  miles  N.W.  of  Ogden.  It  is 
near  Spring  Bay,  a  part  of  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Monument  Beach,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in  Sandwich  township,  on  the  sea- 
coast,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Cranberries  and 
oysters  abound  here. 

Monument  City,  a  post-office  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind. 

Monument  Creek,  Colorado,  runs  southward  in  El 
Paso  CO.,  and  enters  Fountain  Creek  at  Colorado  City.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  unique  scenery. 

Monville,  or  Montville,  m6M»Veel',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inf^rieure,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Havre  Railway, 
10  miles  N.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1405. 

Mony,  a  town  of  France.     See  Mocy. 

Mon'ymusk,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  19  milef 
W.N.W.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  996. 

Monxos,  Los,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Monjos,  Los. 

Monza,  mon'zi  (anc.  Modieia),  a  town  of  Northera 
Italy,  province  and  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Milan, 
and  on  the  Lambro,  which  divides  it  into  two  parts  and 
is  here  crossed  by  3  bridges.  Its  site  is  somewhat  ele- 
vated, and  its  air  remarkably  pure  and  healthy.  In  early 
times  it  was  surrounded  by  walls  and  defended  by  a  castle, 
but  these  have  almost  disappeared,  and  great  improvements 
have  been  made  by  levelling  and  planting  the  ramparts. 
The  streets  are  regular  and  paved  with  flints.  The  most 
remarkable  edifices  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Bap- 
tist, founded  in  the  seventh  century  by  the  Lombard  queen 
Theodelinda,  subsequently  repaired  and  enlarged,  and  now 
forming  a  beautiful  structure,  surmounted  by  a  lofty  spire, 
adorned  by  sculptures  and  paintings,  and  so  rich  in  curious 
and  interesting  articles  as  to  be  a  kind  of  mediaeval  mu- 
seum ;  the  church  of  San  Gerardo,  in  the  form  of  a  rotunda, 
and  several  other  handsome  churches;  the  town  hall,  an 
Italian  Gothic  structure;  the  royal  palace,  the  Bamabite 
college,  diocesan  seminary,  gymnasium,  handsome  theatre, 

fenitentiary,  house  of  industry,  mont-de-piSti,  and  hospital, 
n  the  town  and  immediate  neighborhood,  above  5000  looms 
are  employed  in  weaving  cotton  goods,  especially  fustians. 
There  are  also  manufactures  of  hata,  leather,  bricks,  tike, 
and  sausages,  for  which  the  town  has  long  been  famous. 
Under  the  Romans,  Monza  made  some  progress,  but  did  not 
attain  its  highest  prosperity  till  the  time  of  the  Lombards, 
who  fortified  it  and  made  it  the  capital  of  their  kingdom 
After  their  fall  it  was  for  a  time  independent,  but  after- 
wards became  a  dependency  of  Milan.     Pop.  25,771. 

Monzambano,  mon-z4m-bi'no,  a  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2745. 

Monze,  Cape.    See  Cape  Mokze. 

Monzingen,  mont'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 39  miles  S.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Nahe.     Pop.  1168. 

Monzon,  mon-thon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Cinca.     Pod.  4683. 

Mooab,  Mouab,  or  Muab,  moo-iV,  a  town  of  Ara- 
bia, in  Yemen,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sana. 

Mooalitch,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Muhalitcb. 

Moodauia,  Moudania,  or  Mudania,  moo-d&'ne-f, 
a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Brusa,  and  the  place  of  embarkation  of  travellers 
thence  to  Constantinople,  with  which  city  it  has  steam 
communication. 

Mood'kee,a  village  of  Northwestern  India,  28  mils* 


MOO 


1884 


MOO 


6.E.  of  Ferozepoor.  Here,  in  1845,  the  first  action  took 
place  between  the  Sikhs  and  the  British  forces, 

Mood'na,  a  small  post-village  in  New  Windsor  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  56  miles  N.  of  New  York 
City.     It  has  flax-works. 

Moodootlff  or  Mndurly,  moo-door'le,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  province  of  Kastamoonee,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Boll. 
Pop.  5000, 

Moo'das,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co,.  Conn.,  on 
the  Salmon  River,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Connecticut  River, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Goodspeed's  Station,  and  about  24  miles 
S.S.B.  of  Hartford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper,  and 
several  cotton-factories  which  make  duck  and  twine. 

Moody,  moo'de,  a  county  in  the  S,E.  part  of  South 
Dakota,  bordering  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  500  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sioux  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  nearly  all  prairie;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St. 
Paul  Railroad.     Capital,  Flandreau.     Pop.  in  1890,  5941, 

Moodyville)  moo'de-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co,, 
Ky.,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lebanon. 

Mooers,  moorz,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oc,  N.Y.,  in 
Mooers  township,  on  the  Chazy  River,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg 
<t;  Lake  Champlain  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  York 
&  Canada  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg,  and  12  miles 
W,  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  several 
mills  for  flour  and  lumber,  and  about  100  houses.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  4643,   • 

Mooers  Forks,  or  Centrevilie,  a  post-village  of 
Clinton  co,,  N.Y,,  in  Mooers  township,  on  the  Chazy  River, 
and  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  42  miles 
E,  by  N,  of  Malone.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2 
lumber-mills,  Sco.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Mooers 
Forks.     Po^.  about  400. 

Mooi  River  Dorp,  Africa.    See  Potchefstrom. 

Moojabad,  moo-jl-b&d',  a  considerable  town  of  India, 
dominions  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Jeypoor.  It  has  a  mosque, 
some  good  gardens,  and  several  Jain  temples. 

Mook,  mok,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
30  miles  N-.N.W.  of  Venloo. 

Mookden,  Moukden,  or  Mnkden,  mookMAn', 
Shin-Yang,  or  Chin- Yang,  shin-ying',  or  Fnng- 
Thian,  fung^-t'he-in',  a  city  of  Manchooria,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Leao-Tong,  on  an  eminence  about  380  miles 
N.E,  of  Peking.  Lat.  41°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  20'  E.  It  was 
the  last  residence  of  the  Manchoo  sovereigns  before  their 
conquest  of  China,  and  the  place  where  the  early  emperors 
of  the  reigning  dynasty  are  buried.  It  is  the  seat  of  several 
superior  tribunals  and  of  a  Chinese  viceroy.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  140,000,     See  Leao-Tong, 

Moo'la,  or  Mughla,  mooH'li,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
130  miles  S,E,  of  Smyrna,     Pop.  10,000. 

Moola  (moo'I&)  (or  Gundava,  g&n-d&'v&)  Pass, 
Beloochistan,  leads  from  Gundava  to  Kelat,  along  the  val- 
ley of  the  Moola,  an  affluent  of  the  Indus,  its  centre  being 
in  lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  67°  E.,  and  its  elevation  4600  feet, 

Moo'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Moolkier,  mool-keea',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Candeish,  on  the  Moosur,  82  miles  E.S.E.  of  Surat. 

Mooloopetta,  moo-loo-p4t'ti,  a,  maritime  town  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  124  miles  N.E.  of 
Cape  Comorin,  and  a  resort  of  invalids. 

Mooltan,  Moultan,  or  Multan,  mool-t&n',  a  city 
of  the  Punjab,  164  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lahore,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Chenaub,  from  which  it  is  distant  about  3 
miles.  Lat.  30°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  28'  K.  It  is  upwards  of 
3  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  wall,  and 
overlooked  on  the  N.  by  a  fortress  of  some  strength.  The 
houses  are  of  brick,  have  flat  roofs,  and  sometimes  rise  to  a 
height  of  six  stories,  their  loftiness  giving  a  gloomy  appear- 
ance to  the  narrow  streets.  The  bazaars  are  extensive,  but 
inconveniently  narrow.  The  principal  manufactures  are 
silks,  cottons,  shawls,  pongees,  brocades,  and  tissues.  Mool- 
tan has  am  extensive  trade  with  the  countries  W.  of  the 
Indus,  and  a  large  banking-business.  The  fortress,  built 
in  1640,  on  the  site  of  the  old  city,  stands  on  a  mound  of 
earth,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  about  40  feet  high  out- 
side and  surmounted  by  towers.  The  vicinity  is  covered 
with  a  vast  quantity  of  ruins  of  extensive  edifices.  The 
gardens  around  are  numerous  and  well  stocked  with  fruit 
trees.  Mooltan  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  in  India ; 
it  was  taken  by  the'Mohammedans  at  the  close  of  the  eighth 
century,  again  at  the  commencement  of  the  eleventh,  and 
a  third  time  by  Tamerlane  at  the  close  of  the  fourteenth. 
Latterly  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Sikhs,  from  whom  it 
wjM  taken  by  the  British  in  1849.     Pop.  (1891)  74,510. 


Mooltan,  a  division  of  the  Punjab,  India,  comprising 
the  districts  of  Mooltan,  Jung,  Montgomery,  and  Mozuf- 
fergurh.  Area,  20,156  square  miles.  Pop,  1,474,574.  The 
District  of  Mooltan,  in  the  Baree  Doao,  has  an  area  of 
5927  square  miles.     Capital,  Mooltan.     Pop.  471,563. 

Moon,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Moen. 

Moon,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich,     See  Montoohert. 

Moon,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ohio 
River.  Pop.  1230.  It  contains  a  small  hamlet,  named 
Moon,  and  nas  coal-beds. 

Moon,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  E.  and 
N.W,  by  the  Ohio  River.  Some  coal  is  mined,  and  much 
sandstone  is  quarried  for  builders'  use.     Pop.  936. 

Moonchy,  moon'ohee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Decoan, 
Nizam's  dominions,  on  the  Godavery,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Aurungabad. 

Moon'der,  or  Moon'dra,  a  large  village  of  Sinde,  30 
miles  N.  of  Sehwan.     Lat.  26°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  54'  B. 

Mooney,  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     See  Clear  Spring. 

Moo'ney,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1260. 

Mooney's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.,  20 
miles  from  Clayton  Station.     Here  is  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Moongailee,  or  Mungeli,  moon-gi'lee,  a  town  of 
India,  Belaspoor  district,  on  the  river  Agar,  35  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ruttunpoor.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  trade 
Pop^  3542. 

Moon'hnll,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Ark. 

Moons,  moonz,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk. 

Moons,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.,  in  Green  town- 
ship, about  18  miles  E.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Moon's,  a  township  of  Newberry  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  1513. 

Moon's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Tehama  oo.,  Cal. 

Moonuk,  moo^niik',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Sikh  terri 
tory,  117  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Moon'ville,  a  hamlet  in  Vinton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mari- 
etta <&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Athens.  Near 
est  post-office,  Hope  Furnace,  1  mile  distant. 

Moor,  Africa.     See  Morocco. 

Moor,  or  Mor,  m5r,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.  Pop.  6974.  It  has  k 
citadel,  a  monastery,  barracks,  several  churches,  and  a  trade 
in  superior  wines. 

Moor,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Moorad-  (Monrad-  or  Mnrad-)  Chai,  moo-rid'- 
chi,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  and  the  E.  branch  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, rises  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Ararat,  flows 
westward,  and  joins  the  Eara-Soo  about  85  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Diarbekir. 

Moorafa,  Monrafa,  or  Mnrafa,  moo-r&'f&,  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  37  miles  N.  of  Yampol. 

Moorashkino,  Mourashkino,  or  Mnrashkino, 
moo-rish-kee'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.  Pop.  8000,  employed 
in  manufactures  of  leather,  soap,  and  hosiery. 

Moorburg,  mSR'bddRC,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  the 
territory  and  4  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Hamburg.  Pop.  1799 

Moordrecht,  moR'drdKt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2208. 

Moore,  m5r,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  924  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Deep,  Little,  and  Lumber  Rivers.  The  Cape 
Fear  River  touches  its  eastern  extremity.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  yellow  pine,  ash,  hickory,  Ac.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Triassio  coal  has  been  mined  here.  This  county  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  Carthage,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,040 ;  in 
1880,  16,821;  in  1890,  20,479. 

Moore,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Tennessee.  Area, 
170  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Elk  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  ridges,  and  partly  covered  by 
forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  poplar,  walnut,  and  locust. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  and 
oats.  Limestone  is  found  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Lynchburg.     Pop.  in  1880,  6233 ;  in  1890,  6975. 

Moore,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Canadian  River.  Area,  900  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  16. 

Moore,  a  township  of  Oregon  co„  Mo.     Pop.  740. 

Moore,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  309. 

Moore,  a  township  of  Northampton  oo..  Pa.  Pop. 
2544,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Chapman. 


MOO 


1885 


MOO 


Moore«  a  station  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  27i  miles 
B.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Moorefield)  mSr'feeld,  a  post-rillage  of  Switzerland 
ro.,  Ind.,  in  Pleasant  township,  14  miles  E.N.B.  of  Madi- 
son.    It  has  3  churches. 

Moorefield)  a  post-village  of  Nicholas  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  male 
and  female  institute. 

Mooreiield,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1268. 
Moorefield  Station  is  at  New  Moorefield. 

Moorefield,  apost- village  in  Moorefield  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  0.,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cadiz,  and  28  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  289;  of  the  township,  1117. 

Moorefield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardy  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  about  130 
miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling,  and  44  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cumber- 
land, Md.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  3  churches, 
a  female  institute,  and  a  tannery.    Pop.  in  1890,  495. 

Moorefield,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Conestogo,  and  on  a  railway,  23  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Elora.  It  contains  a  stave-  and  shingle-factory,  a  grist- 
mill, 3  hotels,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Moorefield  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Keyser.     It  has  2  churches. 

Moorehead,  Minnesota.     See  Moorheao. 

Moore  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Park  township,  St. 
Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Moore  (mor)  Point,  of  West  Australia,  is  in  lat.  28° 
47'  S.,  Ion.  114°  37'  40"  E. 

Moore's,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Belvi- 
dere  Delaware  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Moore's,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware <fc  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Pennington. 

Moore's,  New  York.    See  Moore's  Mill. 

Moore's,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad.     See  Ridleyville. 

Moore's,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Middlebourne. 

Mooresborongh,  m5rz'biir-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Cleveland  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Shelby. 

Moore's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Mooresbnrg,  morz'burg,  post-office,  Pulaski  co.,  Ind. 

Mooresbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montour  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Danville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  125. 

Mooresbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Whitesburg.   It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Moore's  Corners.    See  Saint  Armand  Station. 

Moore's  Creek,  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  is  an  affluent  of 
the  Bois6  River.     It  flows  nearly  southwestward. 

Moore's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ky.,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Livingston. 

Moore's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Moore's  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nevada  City,  and  about  80  miles  N.E.  of 
Sacramento.     It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 

Moore's  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  township. 
Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  40 
miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mad- 
ison. It  has  2  churches.  P.  617.  Here  is  Moore's  Hill  Col- 
lege (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1854. 

Moore's  Landing,  'Texas.    See  Sulphur  Station. 

Moore's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
near  Moore's  Station  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad, 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Moore's  Mill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Mount  Holly  Springs. 

Moore's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Newton  oo.,  Miss. 

Moore's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  about 
18  miles  E.  of  Raleigh.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Moore's  Mills,  a  post-settlement  in  Charlotte  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  a  railway,  7i  miles  from  St.  Stephen. 
Pop.  300. 

Moore's  Prairie,  pr&'ree,  a  post-office  in  Moore's 
township,  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Duquoin. 

Moore's  Salt- Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
0.,  about  37  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 

Moore's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Moore's  Station,  a  post-office  of  De  Ealb  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It 
is  at  Mooresville  Station. 


Moore's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railway,  23  miles  S.S.B. 
of  St.  John's.     It  has  a  telegraph  office.     Pop.  125. 

Moore's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  N.  of  Timberville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  iron  castings,  and  wagons. 

Moorestown,  mSrz'tSwn,  a  post-village  in  Chester 
township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Camden  with  Mount  Holly,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cam- 
den.  It  has  6  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ae.    P.  about  2000. 

Moorestown,  a  post-bamlet  in  Moore  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a 
slate-quarry. 

Mooresville,  mSrz'vIl,  a  post- village  of  Limestone  co., 
Ala.,  2  miles  from  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  and 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  165. 

Mooresville,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    See  Moore's  Station. 

Mooresville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  3  or  4 
miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
wagon-shop.     Here  is  Floyd's  Knobs  Post-Office. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vincennes 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  high  school.  Pop. 
in  1890,  891.     d, 

Mooresville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ky. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  in  Mooresville  township, 
Livingston  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothc.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by  Orand  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1092. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  on  thf 
Atlantic,  Tennessee  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of  Char- 
lotte.    It  has  4  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1 890,  886. 

Mooresville,  a  hamlet  in  Harriscn  township,  Ross  cc  . 
0.,  7  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Mooresville,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
about  55  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Mooresville  Institute. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
W.  of  Marlin,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  mill,  &c. 

Mooresville,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Moore's  Vineyard,  vin'y^rd,  a  post-office  of  Bar- 
tholomew CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Mooretown,  mSr'tSwn,  a  village  of  Jamaica,  30  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  547. 

Mooretown,  m5r't5wn,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  St.  Clair,  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of 
the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  67  miles  from  St.  Thomas. 
It  has  2  hotels,  6  stores,  and  several  mills,  and  has  a  trade 
in  wood  and  country  produce.  Steamers  ply  between  her* 
and  Detroit.     Pop.  400. 

Mooreville,  mor'vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  Geneseo  town- 
ship, Tama  co.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Mooreville,  Michigan.    See  York. 

Mooreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles  E. 
of  Tupelo.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Mooreville,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Sewickley  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  distillery,  and  'a 
colliery. 

Moorghaub,  moor'gawb',  Mourghab,  or  Mur- 
ghab,  moor'gib',  written  also  Moorganb  and  Monr- 
gab,  a  river  of  Afghanistan  and  Toorkistan,  rises  in  the 
Huzareh  country,  flows  W.  into  Khiva,  and  joins  the  Amoo 
Darya. 

Moorghaub,  or  Mnrghab,  moor'gib',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Fars,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Sheerai,  imme- 
diately N.  of  the  ruins  of  Paaargada. 

Moorhead,  m5r'hSd,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Onawa. 

Moorhead,  or  Moorehead,  mSr'hfid,  a  post- village, 
capital  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Red  River  or  the  North, 
and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  253  miles  W.  of 
Duluth.  It  is  situated  in  a  level  and  fertile  region,  and  i? 
about  900  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  important  stations  on  the  railroad.  It  has  a  high 
school,  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  large  flouring- 
mills  and  elevators,  and  numerous  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  in  1880,  475 ;  in  1890,  2088. 

Moor'headville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erieco.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at  Morehead'i 
Station,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  flour-milL 


MOO 


1886 


MOO 


Moorhur,  or  Murhar,  moor'hur',  a  river  of  India, 
130  miles  long,  joins  the  Poonpoon  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Gtenges,  a  few  miles  from  Patna.  It  rises  in  lat.  24°  8'  N., 
Ion.  84°  26'  E.,  and  has  a  generally  N.  course. 

lifoor'ing's  Port,  a  post-oflBce  of  Caddo  parish.  La., 
on  Caddo  Lake,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Shreveport. 
Moorish,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 

Moor'land,  township,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  213. 
Moorland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  6  or  7  miles 
S.  of  Wooster.     Pop.  69. 

Moorley,  moor'lee,  formerly  Jessore,  j88-s5r',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  of  Jessore,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta. 

Moorleydur  Serai,  moor-le-dur'  8§-ri',  a  town  of 
British  India,  40  miles  B.  of  Agra. 

Moor'man's  River,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  is  at  White  Hall,  a  hamlet  4  miles  N.  of  Mechum's 
River  Station. 

Moorom,  Mourom,  or  Murom,  moo-rom',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  B.S.E.  of  Vladimeer, 
on  the  Oka.  Pop.  10,703.  It  comprises  a  Kreml  or  citadel, 
and  two  other  quarters,  a  cathedral  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, and  upwards  of  17  other  churches  and  several  con- 
vents, and  has  manufactures  of  linens,  leather,  soap,  and 
earthenwares,  which  last  articles,  with  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  corn,  are  exported  to  St.  Petersburg. 

Moor^saum',  Moor^sau',  or  Mursan,  moor^s&n',  a 
town  of  India,  Alighur  district,  29  miles  N.  of  Agra.  Pop. 
6113. 

Moorseele,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Moorzele. 

Moorsel,  moR's^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2960. 

Moorshedabad,  or  Murshidabad,  moor^she-d&- 
bid',  a  district  of  Bengal,  in  lat.  23°  43'  15"-24°  52'  N., 
Ion.  87°  39'-88°  17'  E.  Area,  2462  square  miles.  It  is 
level  and  fertile,  traversed  by  railways,  and  productive  of 
rice,  oil,  silk,  indigo,  sugar,  pulse,  &c.  Capital,  Berham- 
poor.     Pop.  1,353,626. 

Moorsnedabad,  or  Murshidabad,  called  also 
Mukhsoodabad,  Muxudavad,  or  Maksudabad, 
milx^oo^di-bM',  officially  called  Lai  Bagh,  a  city  of  In- 
dia, formerly  capital  of  Bengal,  in  the  Moorshedabad  dis- 
trict, on  the  Bhagirathi  arm  of  the  Ganges,  115  miles  N.  of 
Calcutta.  It  was  anciently  a  place  of  great  splendor,  but 
is  now  greatly  decayed.  Among  the  finest  buildings  are 
the  splendid  palace  of  the  Nabob  of  Moorshedabad,  the 
Nizamat  college,  the  Imambarra  (a  mosque),  and  the  na- 
bob's elephant-houses  and  stables.  The  city  has  a  pop.  of 
46,182  ;  in  1829,  146,176. 

Moorslede,  moRs'ld^-d^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  6104. 

Moor'tou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Del- 
aware Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Moortoo^zapoor',  or  Murtizapur,  moor-tee'za- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,  28  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Akola.     Pop.  3897. 

Moorzele,  mSr-z&'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles 
W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  of  commune,  3853. 

Moorzook,  Mourzouk,  or  Murzuk,  moor'zook', 
(ano.  Oar'ama;  Gr.  ropo/ia),  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Fezzan,  in  lat.  25°  54'  N.,  Ion.  14°  12'  E.  Pop.  estimated 
at  3500.  It  is  built  of  brick  cemented  with  mud,  and  has  a 
mosque,  and  a  garrison  of  500  men.  It  was  far  more  im- 
pcurtant  a  few  centuries  ago  than  at  present.  Garama  was 
the  capital  of  the  Garaman' tea.  The  town  has  a  good 
trade,  chiefly  in  medicinal  drugs,  salt,  soda,  and  slaves. 

Moosa,  Mousa,  or  Musa,  moo's&,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
in  Yemen,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Mocha. 

Moosburg,  mos'bo5RG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Isar, 
29  miles  N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2720. 

Moose,  moos,  a  river  of  British  North  America,  enters 
James's  Bay,  in  conjunction  with  the  Abbitibbe,  after  a 
N.E.  course  estimated  at  250  miles. 

Mooseabec  (moo-se-b5k',  or  Mooseapeck,  moo-se- 
p4k')  Light,  on  Nash's  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Machias 
Bay,  Me.  It  is  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  44°  32'  N. :  Ion.  7° 
22'  W. 

Moose  Brook,  a  post-ha^nlet  in  Hants  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  28i  miles  from  Newport.   Pop.  100. 

Moose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  oo.,  Mon- 
tana. 

Moose  £ar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barron  oo.,  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Shetac,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

Moose  Factory,  a  trading-post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  on  James's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Moose 
River.  Lat.  51°  N. ;  Ion.  81°  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Anglican  bishop  of  Moosonee. 


Moose  Harbor,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Sootia, 
near  the  entrance  of  Liverpool  Harbor,  2  miles  from  Liver- 
pool.    Pop.  200. 

Moosehead,  mooss^hM',  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co., 
Pa.,  in  Denison  township,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 

24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  is  1  mile  from  Tunnel 
Station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  yellow  ochre. 

Moosehead  Lake,  Maine,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary  between  the  cos.  of  Piscataquis  and  Somerset.  It  is 
about  35  miles  long,  and  10  miles  wide  at  the  broadest  part; 
but  in  some  places  it  is  scarcely  2  miles  wide.  The  water 
is  deep  and  navigable  for  steamboats.  The  outlet  is  tha 
Kennebec  River,  which  issues  from  the  W.  side  of  the  lake. 
On  its  shore  rises  Mount  Kineo,  a  mass  of  hornblende  nearly 
1200  feet  high.     Here  is  a  large  summer  hotel. 

Moose  Hil'lock  (more  correctly,  Moosilauke),  a 
mountain  of  New  Hampshire,  in  Grafton  co.,  about  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Plymouth.     Height,  4800  feet. 

Moose  Island,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  Bahamas, 

25  miles  S.E.  of  the  Great  Bahama  Island. 

Moose  Lake,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Carlton  oo., 
Minn.,  in  Moose  Lake  township,  on  the  Lake  Superior  Jb 
Mississippi  Railroad,  110  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  134. 

Mooseland,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Tanoier,  Old. 

Moose  Meadow,  a  post-office  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Willimantic. 

Moose  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  runs  east- 
ward through  Somerset  co.,  and  enters  Moosehead  Lake. 

Moose  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  runz 
nearly  westward  through  Herkimer  oo.,  and  enters  Black 
River  in  Lewis  co.,  at  Lyons  Falls. 

Moose  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Essex  oo.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Passumpsio  at  St.  Johnsbury. 

Moose  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhegan. 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  Moose 
River  Plantation,  104. 

Moose  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Utioa.  It  haa 
2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Moose  River,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Clehensport. 

Moos^goo',  or  Musgu,  moos^goo',  a  country  of  Africa, 
bounded  N.  by  Bornoo,  E.  by  Baghirmi,  S.  and  W.  by 
Adamawa.  It  is  a  fertile  region,  with  many  hills  and 
marshes. 

Moosh,  Moush,  or  Mush,  moosh,  a  town  of  Turkish 
Armenia,  83  miles  S.S.E.  of  Erzroom,  N.  of  the  Niphates 
Mountains.  Pop.  about  700  Mohammedan  and  500  Ar- 
menian families.  It  has  7  mosques,  4  churches,  good  ba- 
zaars, and  some  trade  with  Constantinople  and  Syria. 

Moo'shaunee,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Moo'sic,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Spring  Brook  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Scranton. 

Moosic  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  ridge  in 
Luzerne  co.,  forming  part  of  the  S.E.  boundary  of  the  Wy- 
oming Valley.  It  rises  about  1200  feet  above  the  river, 
which  runs  in  that  valley.  The  southwestern  part  of  this 
ridge  is  called  the  Wyoming  Mountain. 

Moostag  Mountains.    See  Karakorum. 

Moosul,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Mosul. 

Moo'sup,  a  small  river,  rises  in  Rhode  Island,  runs  W., 
and  enters  the  Quinebaug  River  in  Windham  co.,  Conn. 

Moosup,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  on  or  near  Moosup  River,  and  on  the  New 
York  A  New  England  Railroad,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Provi- 
dence, R.I.     It  has  3  churches  and  several  factories. 

Moosup  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Providence. 

Moot,  Mout,  or  Mut,  moot,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
on  the  Ghiuk-Soo,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Selefkeh.  It  is  a 
wretched  village,  on  the  site  of  an  extensive  Greek  city, 
many  colonnades  of  which  still  exist.  Ruined  mosques  and 
baths  attest  its  prosperity  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries.  It  stands  in  a  picturesque  country,  and  has  a 
fortress  and  a  mosque. 

Moota-Moola,  moo't&-moo1&,  a  river  of  India,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Moota  and  the  Moola  at  the  town  of 
Poonah,  joins  the  Beemah,  one  of  the  main  affluents  of  the 
Kistnah. 

Mootapilly,  Moutapilly,  or  Mutapilly,  moo-ti- 
pil'lee,  written  also  Motupiily,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  41  miles 
S.  of  Guntoor.     It  has  an  active  coasting-trade. 

Mooz-Tagh,  mooz-tig',  a  portion  of  the  mountain- 


MOQ 


1887 


MOR 


circle  which  bounds  the  great  table-land  of  Eastern  Asia 
on  the  N.W.,  lying  between  Chinese  Toorkistan  and  the 
Thian-Shan  territory  and  Ferghana. 

Moquegua)  mo-k&'gw&,  or  Moquehnay  mo-k&'w&,  a 
town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  department,  connected  with  the 
port  of  Ilo  by  a  railway  of  63  miles.  It  is  the  market  for 
wine  and  brandy  made  in  its  district.  Pop.  6000.  Lat.  17° 
11'  50"  N.;  Ion.  53°  18'  "W. 

Moquegua)  a  maritime  department  in  the  S.  of  Peru. 
Capital,  Moquegua.  Pop.  28,786.  It  is  very  fertile  in  the 
interior. 

Moquelumne,  California.     See  Mokelumne. 

Moqui  (mo-kee')  Indians^  or  Moquis,  mo-keez',  a 
tribe  of  Indians  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arizona.  They  are 
Pueblo  Indians,  living  in  7  stone-built  villages.  Total 
pop.  1790. 

Mor,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Moor. 

Mora,  mo'ri,  a  river  of  Moravia,  joins  the  Oppa  3 
miles  above  Troppau,  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Mora,  mo'ra,  the  capital  town  of  Mandara,  Central 
Africa,  in  a  basin  enclosed  by  a  semicircular  ridge  of  moun- 
tains.    Lat.  about  10°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  48'  E. 

Mora,  mo'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  W. 
of  Tarragona,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ebro.  It  has  well- 
frequented  mineral  baths.     Pop.  3836. 

Mora,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Teruel.     Pop.  2180. 

Mora,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles  S.B,  of 
Toledo.  Pop.  6460.  It  has  a  castle.  Its  sword-factory, 
«nce  celebrated,  has  now  fallen  into  decay. 

Mo'ra,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Mexico,  is 
intersected  by  the  Canadian  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Mora  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous.  A  range 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains  extends  along  the  W.  border  of  this 
county,  which  comprises  fertile  valleys  and  large  treeless 
plains.  Maize,  wool,  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  Area, 
4000  square  miles.  Capital,  Mora.  Pop.  in  1870,  8056; 
in  1880,  9751 ;  in  1890,  10,618. 

Mora,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Benton  co.,  Mo. 

Mora,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mora  co..  New  Mexico, 
on  or  near  Mora  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Santa  F6, 
and  18  miles  W.  of  Fort  Union.  It  is  in  a  fertile  and  beauti- 
ful valley,  almost  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Mo'ra  (or  Mo'ro)  Creek,  New  Mexico,  rises  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  runs  eastward,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  the  cos.  of  Mora  and  San  Miguel,  and  enters 
the  Canadian  River. 

Moradabad,  moVi-di-bid',  a  district  of  British  India, 
North-West  Provinces,  in  the  Doab.  Area,  2272  square 
miles.     Capital,  Moradabad.     Pop.  1,122,437. 

Moradabad,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  a  ridge  between  the  Ramgunga  and  the 
<xanges,  90  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Delhi.  It  is  irregularly 
t>uilt,  and  has  no  public  buildings  of  importance ;  it  is  the 
seat  of  a  thriving  trade.  Pop.  67,387.  W.  of  the  town  are 
cantonments. 

Mor'al,  a  post-township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  Pop.  1720.  It  contains 
Brookfield  and  London. 

Moral  de  Calatrava,  mo-ril'  di  ki-li-tri'vi,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real. 
Pop.  4359. 

Moraleja,  or  Moralexa,  mo-ri-Wuk,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Estremadura,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.    P.  1436. 

Moraleja  de  Enmedio,  mo-ri-lA'Hi  di  Sn-mi-nee'o, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Madrid. 
Pop.  407. 

Moraleja  del  Vino,  mo-ri-li'ni  dSl  vee'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  in  Leon,  14  miles  from  Zamora.     Pop.  2066. 

Morales,  mo-rah'lez,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Tex.,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Morales  de  Toro,  mo-ri'lfis  di  to'ro,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Leon,  28  miles  E.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1400. 

Morales  de  Zamora,  mo-ri'lds  di  thi-mo'ri,  or 
Morales  del  Vino,  mo-ri'lfls  dSl  vee'no,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Leon,  4  miles  S.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1367. 

Moran',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Owen 
township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwest- 
ern Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Moran,  a  township  of  Mackinac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  372. 

Morannes,  mo^rinn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Sarthe,  20  miles  N.  of  Angers.     Pop.  996. 

Morano,  mo-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria, li  miles  W.  of  Balzola,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  2710. 

Morano  fane.  Mura'num),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 


of  Cosenza,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Castrovillari.  Pop.  8910.  "it 
is  commanded  by  a  fine  Gothic  castle,  and  has  manufactures 
of  silk,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Moran's  Snm'mit,  a  station  of  Madison  oo.,  Ey.,  oa 
the  Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Rioh> 
mond. 

Morans'ville,  a  township  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.     P.  76- 

Morant,  mo-rant',  a  river  of  Jamaica,  co.  of  Surrey, 
enters  Morant  Bay  (an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea)  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Kingston.  On  Morant  Point,  the  E.  extremity 
of  the  island,  in  lat.  17°  56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  11'  W.,  a  light- 
house has  been  erected.  Twelve  miles  W.S.W.  is  the  inle* 
Port  Morant. 

Morant,  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica, 20  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston,  on  the  bay  and  at  the 
mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a  considerable 
trade.     Pop.  about  7000. 

Moran'town,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  A,  Piedmont  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Mt. 
Savage,  at  the  junction  of  a  short  branch  line. 

Mo^rar',  a  lake  of  Scotland,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  co. 
of  Inverness,  IJ  miles  S.  of  Loch  Nevis.     Length,  8  miles. 

Morard-de-  Galles,  moVaB'-d^h-gill,  a  cape  of  South 
Australia.     Lat.  36°  36'  S. ;  Ion.  139°  52'  E. 

Moras,  mo^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drdme,  25  miler 
N.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1494. 

Moras,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Mores. 

Moras'sa,  or  Morasha,  mo-ri'sha,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  7436. 

Morat,  moVit'  (Ger.  Murten,  mooR't^n),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Freyburg,  on  the 
S.E.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Morat  (which  see).    Pop.  2328. 

Morata,  mo-r&'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2548. 

Morata  de  Jalon,  mo-r&'ti  di  H&-lon',  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Aragon,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Jalon. 
Pod.  1963. 

Moratalla,  mo-ri-til'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Murcia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Segura. 
Pop.  4338. 

Morava,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  March. 

Morava,  mo-ri'vi(anc.  Mar'gus),  the  principal  river  of 
Servia,  through  the  centre  of  which  it  flows  N.,  joining  the 
Danube  6  miles  N.E.  of  Semendria.  It  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  East  and  West  Morava,  33  miles  W.  of  Nissa. 
Length,  115  miles.     Affluents,  the  Tempesca  and  Nissava. 

Moravi,  mo-ri'vee,  a  town  of  East  Africa,  a  little  S.  of 
Lake  Nyassa,  which  is  sometimes  called  the  Lake  of  Moravi. 
•  Moravia,  mo-ri've-a  (Ger.  M'dhren,  mi'r^n ;  Fr.  Mora- 
vie,  mo^riVee' ;  L.  Mora'via),  a  province  or  orown-land  of 
the  Austrian  empire,  lies  mostly  between  lat.  48°  40'  and 
60°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  10'  and  19°  E.,  having  E.  Galicia 
and  Hungary,  S.  Austria,  W.  Bohemia,  and  N.  and  N.E. 
Austrian  and  Prussian  Silesia.  Area,  8583  square  miles, 
Moravia,  like  Bohemia,  forms  an  elevated  plateau,  inclined 
towards  the  S.,  and  almost  surrounded  by  mountains,  having 
S.  and  E.  the  Carpathians,  N.  and  W.  the  Moravian  Moun- 
tains, and  N.E.  the  Sudetio  Mountains.  It  belongs  almost 
entirely  to  the  basin  of  the  Danube,  to  which  most  of  its 
waters  are  conveyed  by  the  March  or  Morava,  except  in  the 
E.,  where  the  Oder  and  some  of  its  branches  rise.  Large 
quantities  of  fine  flax  and  good  wine  are  raised,  and  fruits 
are  so  plentiful  that  Moravia  is  styled  the  orchard  of  Aus- 
tria. Grazing-lands  are  extensive,  and  live-stock  of  all 
kinds  numerous.  The  principal  mineral  products  are  iron, 
coal,  meerschaum,  pipe-clay,  Ac,  with  some  copper  and 
lead.  Formerly  gold  and  silver  were  obtained.  Woollen, 
linen,  and  cotton  fabrics  and  thread  are  made  on  a  large 
scale;    other  manufactures  are  chemicals,    silks,   leather, 

Eaper,  potash,  glass,  and  beet  sugar.  Trade  is  facilitated 
y  means  of  railways.  Population  mostly  Slavonian,  but 
about  450,000  are  estimated  to  be  of  German  descent,  and 
30,000  Jews.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  is  Margrave  of  Mo- 
ravia. The  government  of  the  province  is  under  a  gov- 
ernor, and  an  assembly  of  clergy,  nobility,  and  deputies, 
who  meet  annually  to  apportion  the  mode  of  raising  and 
distributing  the  revenue.  It  is  divided  into  circles,  in  each 
of  which  is  a  secondary  tribunal,  with  appeal  to  the  high 
court  of  Briinn,  the  capital,  next  to  which  Olmutz,  Iglau, 
and  Znaym  are  the  chief  cities.  In  the  ninth  century 
Moravia  was  the  centre  of  a  powerful  kingdom,  comprising 
also  Bohemia,  Silesia,  and  parts  of  North  Germany  ana 
Hungary.  Pop.  in  1890,  2,276,870,  mostlv  Roman  Cath- 
olics.  A4j.  and  inhab.  Moravian,  mo-ra've-§n. 

Moravia,  mo-ra've-%,  a  post-village  in  Taylor  town- 
ship, Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa,  and  10  miles  S.  of 


MOR 


1888 


MOR 


Albia.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  bank,  and 
S  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Moravia,  a  post-village  in  Moravia  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Owasco  Inlet,  and  on  the  Southern  Central 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Auburn.  It  is  in  a  fertile 
narrow  valley,  bordered  by  steep  hills.  It  contains  3  or 
more  churches,  a  union  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  2 
newspaper  oflSces,  2  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
ploughs,  staves,  spokes,  sash,  blinds,  <fcc.  Pop.  about  1500. 
The  township  is  contiguous  to  Owasco  Lake.     Pop.  2351. 

Moravia,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Beaver  River,  and  on  the  New  Castle  Branch  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Mora'vian  Falls,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Morawa,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  March. 

Moray  (pronounced  and  often  written  Mar'ray), 
Murrayshire,  mur're-shjr,  or  Elginshire,  a  county  of 
Scotland,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Moray  Firth,  B.  and 
8.E.  by  BanfiFshire  and  for  25  miles  by  the  river  Spey,  S. 
»nd  W.  by  Inverness  and  Nairn  shires.  Area,  531  square 
miles.  The  county  consists  of  a  champaign,  alluvial,  and 
fertile  district  on  the  borders  of  the  firth,  and  a  mountainous 
district  to  the  S.  and  S.W.  Granitic  rocks  prevail  in  this 
latter  region,  and  old  red  sandstone,  limestone,  and  traces 
of  oolitic  strata  form  the  basis  of  the  low  country ;  a  deep 
alluvial  clay  prevailing  along  the  valley  of  the  firth,  and  a 
gravel  and  conglomerate  forming  the  sub-soil  of  the  interior. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Spey,  Findhorn,  and  Lossie.  Loch- 
in-dorb.  Loch  Spynie,  and  Loch-na-bo  are  the  chief  collec- 
tions of  water.  So  fertile  is  the  country  that  it  formerly 
received  the  name  of  the  "Garden  of  Scotland."  The 
county  contains  the  burghs  Elgin,  Forres,  and  Fochabers, 
and  the  seaports  of  Garmouth,  Lossiemouth,  Burghead,  and 
Findhorn.  It  sends,  along  with  Nairnshire,  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  43,612.  The  ancient  Prov- 
ince OP  Moray  contained,  besides  the  modern  county,  the 
county  of  Nairn,  and  part  of  Inverness  and  Banffshire. 

Moray,  mfir'ri,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
3  miles  from  Park  Hill.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  store.     Pop.  150. 

Moray  (or  Murray)  Firth,  the  largest  indentation  on 
the  Scottish  coast,  the  entrance  from  Kinnaird's  Head  in 
the  S.,  to  Duncansby  Head,  co.  of  Caithness,  being  75  miles 
across.  The  firth  extends  S.W.  for  about  75  miles,  Crom- 
arty and  Beauly  Firths  forming  branches. 

Morazzone,  mo-rit-so'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Como.     Pop.  1378. 

Morbecque,  moR^bfik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  2 
Miiles  S.  of  Hazebrouck.     Pop.  1450. 

Morbegno,  moR-bfin'yo,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  Val- 
tellina,  on  the  Adda,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  3415. 

Morbello,  moR-b5l'lo,  or  Murbello,  mooR-bfil'lo,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria,  4  miles  from  Pon- 
zone.     Pop.  1255. 

Morbeya,  mor-bi'^,  a  river  of  Northwest  Africa,  rises 
in  Mount  Atlas,  in  the  kingdom  of  Morocco,  and,  after  a 
W.N.W.  course  of  230  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic  at  Azamor. 

Morbhaiy,  a  state  of  India.     See  Mohurbhunj. 

Morbier,  moR^be-&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura,  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1660. 

Morbihan,  moR^bee^6N»',  a  department  in  the  W.  part 
of  France,  in  Bretagne,  having  S.  the  Atlantic,  S.  and  W. 
Finistfire,  and  N.  Cfltes-du-Nord.  Area,  2667  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  544,470.  The  coasts  on  the  Atlantic  in  the 
8.  are  much  indented;  the  chief  bay  is  Morbihan,  from 
which  the  department  is  named.  Near  the  coast  are  the 
islands  Groix,  Belle-Isle,  and  Houat,  and  numerous  islets. 
Climate  mild,  but  humid.  Surface  partly  hilly,  and  watered 
by  the  Vilaine,  Oust,  Blavet,  and  Scroff.  It  is  very  fertile 
in  some  parts,  but  nearly  one-half  is  occupied  by  vast 
heaths,  intermixed  with  excellent  pasturage.  Grain,  lint, 
hemp,  inferior  wine,  cider,  butter,  and  honey  are  the  prin- 
cipal products.  Horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  extensively 
reared.  The  minerals  comprise  iron  and  lead,  granite  and 
slate.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements 
of  Lorient,  Ploermel,  Pontivy,  and  Vannes,  the  capital. 

Morchenstern,  Bohemia.     See  Morgenstern. 

Morcles,  Dent  db,  d5N»  d§h  moR^kli',  one  of  the  sum- 
mits of  the  Alps,  in  Switzerland,  between  the  cantons  of 
Vaud  and  Valais.     Elevation  of  the  Tgte  Noir,  9757  feet. 

Morcone,  moR-ko'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Campobasso.  Pop.  6914.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  a  castle,  and  linen  and  cotton  manufactures. 

Mor'dansviHe,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Danville. 

Mor'den,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  7i  miles  from  Aylesford.     Pop.  150. 


Morden  Road,  Nova  Scotia.    See  PALirER's  Road. 

Mordingen,  moR'ding-?n,  or  Merdingen,  miR'- 
ding-?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  7  miles  AY.N.W.  of  Freiburg. 

Morea,  mo-ree'a,  or  Pel'oponne'sus  (Gr.  lIeAoiriii>^ 
vri<roi,  i.e.,  "  island  of  Pelops ;"  Fr.  La  Morie,  li  mo'rA'), 
a  peninsula,  the  S.  portion  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  sepa- 
rated from  the  continent  by  the  Gulfs  of  Patras,  Corinth,  and 
^gina,  and  only  attached  to  it  by  the  Isthmus  of  Corinth. 
Its  length  is  nearly  160  miles ;  its  breadth  about  100  miles. 
Area,  estimated  at  8800  square  miles.  It  is  now  one  of  the 
three  great  divisions  of  the  kingdom,  containing  the  nomea 
of  Argolis  and  Corinth,  Achaia  and  Elis,  Arcadia,  Messenia, 

and  Laconia.     Pop.  645,389. Adj.  and  inhab.  Moreot, 

mo're-ot\ 

More'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  111.,  about  50 
miles  S.  of  Pans.     It  has  a  church. 

Morean,  moVC,  a  township  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  620. 

Moreao,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1084. 

Moreau,  a  township  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2168. 

Moreau,  a  township  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
son River.  Pop.  2315.  It  contains  South  Glens  Falls. 
Moreau  Station  is  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad, 
1  mile  S.W.  of  Fort  Edward. 

Moreau  Creek,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Moniteau  co., 
runs  eastward  through  Cole  co.,  and  enters  tbe  Missouri 
River  about  4  miles  below  Jefferson  City.    Length,  70  miles. 

Moreau  River,  South  Dakota,  rises  near  the  W.  bor- 
der of  the  state,  runs  eastward  through  prairies  or  plains 
nearly  destitute  of  forests,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River 
about  lut.  45°  23'  N.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  200  miles. 

Moreanville,  mo-r5'vil,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles 
parish.  La.,  about  70  miles  N.W.  of  Baton  Rouge.  It  has 
5  general  stores. 

More  Azovskoe.    See  Azof,  Sea  op. 

Morecambe,  mOr'kim,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of 
Lancaster,  on  Moreoambe  Bay,  and  on  2  railways,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Lancaster.     It  is  a  watering-place. 

Morecambe  Bay,  or  Lanc'aster  Bay,  an  exten- 
sive inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  England,  co. 
of  Lancaster.  Length,  16  miles;  average  breadth,  10  miles. 
It  receives  the  Leven,  Ken,  Lune,  and  Wyre. 

More'dock,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  111.     Pop.  636. 

Mor6e,  La,  the  French  name  of  the  Morea. 

Morehead,  mOr'hed,  or  Moorehead,  a  post-village 
in  Osage  township,  Labette  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leaven- 
worth, Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Independence,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Humboldt.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Morehead,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Maysville.      It  has  2  churches. 

Morehead,  Minnesota.    See  Moorhead. 

Morehead,  a  township  of  Carteret  oo.,  N.C.  Pop.  1168. 
It  contains  Morehead  City. 

Morehead,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  2104. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Greensborough.  Morehead  Station  oa 
the  North  Carolina  Railroad  is  9  miles  N.  of  Greensborough. 

Morehead  City,  a  post-village  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C, 
is  on  Old  Topsail  Inlet,  near  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about 
5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Beaufort,  and  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  New- 
Berne.  It  is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  <fc 
North  Carolina  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches.  P.  (1890)  1064. 

Morehead's,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Moorheadville. 

Morehouse,  mor'hdwss,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of 
Louisiana,  borders  on  Arkansas.  Area,  about  845  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Boeuf  Bayou,  on  tbe  W. 
by  the  Ouachita  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bayou  Bar- 
tholomew. The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  parish  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  moun- 
tain <fe  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Bastrop.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9387;  in  1880,  14,206;  in  1890,  16,786. 

Morehouse,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  <k  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Morehouse,  a  mountainous  township  of  Hamilton  co., 
N.Y.,  in  the  Northern  Wilderness.  Pop.  163.  It  contains 
Morehouseville. 

Morehouseville,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y., 
about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Mo'rehra,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Provinces, 
division  of  Agra.     Pop.  9670. 

Moreishwar,  mo-rish-war',  a  town  of  India,  presi- 
dency of  Bombay,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah. 

Moreland,  mor'land,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  Ark. 

Moreland,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2613. 


MOR 


1889 


MOR 


Moreland,  a  post-village  in  Dix  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  4i  miles  S.  of  Watkins  Glen,  and  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Havana.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  20  houses. 

Moreland)  a  post-township  and  hamlet  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Danville.  The 
township  is  drained  by  Muncy  Creek.     Pop.  815. 

Moreland,  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2207. 

Morelia,  mo-ri'le-%,  formerly  Yalladolid)  a  town 
of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Michoacan,  125  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Mexico.  It  is  finely  situated,  has  a  grand  ca- 
thedral, a  college,  priests'  seminary,  a  large  cotton-factory, 
a  substantial  aqueduct,  and  many  fine  public  and  private 
buildings.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  36,940. 

Morella;  mo-r81'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  Valencia,  prov- 
ince of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  45  miles  N.  of  Tortosa,  on 
the  S.  skirt  of  a  high  mountain,  and  defended  by  forti- 
fications. There  are  several  squares,  a  town  house,  2  hos- 
pitals, several  churches,  and  3  convents.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  blankets  and  sashes,  in  which  about  1500  persons 
are  employed.     Pop.  4041. 

Mo^rell's'  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  W.  of  Bristol.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Morelos,  mo-ri'15ce,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  N.  by 
the  state  of  Mexico,  E.  by  Puebla,  and  S.E.  by  Guerrero. 
Area,  1776  square  miles.   Capital,  Cuemavaca.    P.  141,565. 

Morelos,  Ittontemorelos,  monHi-mo-ri'loce,  or 
San  Mateo  del  Pilon,  sin  mi-ti'o  d51  pee-lon',  a 
town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  with  varied  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  about  9000. 

Morena,  Sierra,  Spain.    See  Sierra  Morena. 

Moren'ci,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Tiffin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Canada 
Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Fayette,  0.,  and  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  union  school,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  a 
tannery,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1248. 

More  Okhotskoe,  a  sea  of  Siberia.     See  Okhotsk. 

Morera,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Mukavera. 

Mores,  mo'rSs,  or  Moras,  mo'r&s,  a  village  on  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ozieri.     Pop.  2338. 

Moresby  (morz'be)  Island  is  the  largest  of  the  group 
of  islands  off  the  eastern  end  of  Papua.  It  is  several  miles 
long.  The  meridian  of  151*  E.  cuts  the  island  nearly  in 
its  middle.  The  surface  rises  from  the  shore  to  form  a  ridge 
of  hills,  the  highest  of  which  is  Sir  Fairfax  peak,  1340  feet. 

Moresnet,  Belgium  and  Germany.     See  Altenbers. 

Moresque,  Africa.     See  Morocco. 

Morestel,  mo^rSs-tSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Is6re,  8 
miles  N.  of  La  Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1360. 

Moresville,  morz'vll,  a  station  in  Roxbury  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  <t;  Delaware  Railroad,  o6 
miles  "W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Moret,  moVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  on 
the  Loing,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montereau.     Pop.  1934. 

Moret,  mo-rdt',  a  small  island  of  Honduras,  in  the  Bay 
Islands  group. 

Moreton  (mor't^n)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
on  the  E.  of  Australia.  Lat.  27°  30'  S.  Length,  70  miles. 
It  is  sheltered  seaward  by  Moreton  and  Stradbroke  Islands 
(the  former  25  miles  in  length),  contains  numerous  other 
islands,  and  receives  the  Brisbane  and  Logan  Rivers. 

Moreton-Hamp'stead,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Exeter.  It  has  a  handsome 
church  and  the  ruins  of  two  castles,  and  in  the  vicinity  are 
Druidieal  remains.     Pop.  of  parish,  1551. 

Moreton-in-the-Marsh,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
and  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  the  ancient  Roman 
Foss-way,  and  connected  by  railway  with  Stratford.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1468. 

Moretown,  m5r't5wn,  a  post-village  in  Moretown 
township,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  Mad  River,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1263. 

Moret  Saint>Mammes,  moVi'  sS,N»>-mimm,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  on  the  Paris  &  Lyons  Railway,  43  miles 
from  Paris. 

Moretta,  mo-rfit'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
ince of  Coni,  on  the  Po,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turin.    P.  3262. 

Morettes,  mo-rfit'tfis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
S%o  Paulo,  on  the  Nhundiaguara,  near  its  month  in  the 
Bay  of  Paranagoa.  Its  principal  trade  is  in  Paraguay 
tea  and  rum,  shipped  at  the  port  of  Paranagua. 

Mor'etz  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Moreuil,  mo^rul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop.  3088,  who  manufacture  hosiery 
and  paper. 


Morevee,  moVe-vee',  a  town  of  India,  Kattywar  penin- 
sula, 15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wankaneer. 

Morewara,  mo're-wi'ra,  a  town  of  India,  21  milw 
N.W.  of  Radhunpoor. 

Morewood,  mSr'wood,  a  post-village  in  Dundaa  oo., 
Ontario,  27  miles  N.  of  Mornsburg.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill, a  tannery,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Mo'rey,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Nye  oo., 
Nevada,  70  miles  S.  of  Eureka.  It  has  a  silver-mine  and 
a  quartz-mill. 

Morez,  mo^r4'  (L.  Moricium),  a  town  of  Prance,  in 
Jura,  on  the  Bienne,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lons-Ie-Saulnier. 
It  has  important  manufactures  of  clocks,  watches,  regulsi- 
tors,  and  lenses  or  spectacles;  also  forges,  copper-foundries, 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  5375. 

Morfasso,  moR-fls'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Parma,  on 
the  Lubiano,  23  miles  S.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  3860. 

Mor'fordsville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa. 

Morfn,  or  Morphon,  mor^foo',  a  town  of  Cyprus,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Kerinia.     Pop.  3000. 

Mor'gan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  686  square  miles.  It  is  bonnded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Flint  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
y  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad  and  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Decatur.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,187;  in  1880,  16,428;  in  1890,  24,089. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Colorado,  has  an 
area  of  1290  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Platte  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
and  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital, 
Fort  Morgan.     Pop.  in  1890,  1601. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  322  square  miles.  It  is  bonnded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Appalachee  and  Oconee  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an 
abundance  of  granite.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 
Railroad  and  the  Macon  &  Northern  Railroad.  Capitjil, 
Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,696;  in  1880, 14,032;  in  1890, 
16,041. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Dlinois  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Apple, 
Sandy,  and  Indian  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests. 
The  soil  is  deep,  fertile,  and  durable.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous 
coal  is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  railroads 
named  the  Wabash,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy,  the 
Jacksonville  Southeastern,  and  the  Chicago  &  Alton.  Cap- 
ital, Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,463;  in  1880,  31,514; 
in  1890,  32,636. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
White  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Mill  and  White  Lick 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  in  some  places 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
is  connected  with  Cincinnati  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  A  St.  Loui»  Railroad.  Capital,  Martinsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,528;  in  1880,  18,900;  in  1890,  18,643. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  288  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore.  Capital,  West  Lib- 
erty.    Pop.  in  1870,  5976;  in  1880,  8455;  in  1890,  11,249. 

Morgan,  a  oonnty  in  the  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  638  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Lamine 
River  and  Gravois  Creek.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and 
Lower  Silurian  Limestone.  Capital,  Versailles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8434;  in  1880,  10,132;  in  1890,  12,311. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  nu 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Muskingum  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Meigs  and  Wolf 
Creeks.     The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  nearly  on* 


MOR 


1890 


MOR 


third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  chest- 
nut, oak,  maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Petroleum 
and  salt  are  procured  in  this  county  by  boring  through 
strata  of  sandstone.  It  has  also  large  beds  of  good  lime- 
stone and  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Zanes- 
ville  &  Ohio  River  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Shawnee  & 
Hocking  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Exten- 
sion Railroad.  Capital,  McConnelsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,363;  in  1880,  20,074;  in  1890,  19,143. 

Morgan^  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Emery 
and  Obie's  Rivers.  This  county  comprises  a  part  of  the 
Cumberland  Table-Land.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  chestnut,  oak, 
pine,  &o.  Maize,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  An 
abundance  of  bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route.  Capital, 
Wartburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 2969 ;  in  1880,  5156 ;  in  1890,  7639. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  has  an  area 
of  725  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Weber  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  The  soil  produces  a 
little  wheat  and  barley.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Morgan.  Pop.  in  1870,  1972; 
in  1880,  1783 ;  in  1890,  1780. 

Morgan,  a  northeastern  county  of  West  Virginia,  bor- 
ders on  Maryland.  Area,  about  230  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Cacapon  River.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  wheat.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital, 
Berkeley  Springs,  or  Bath,  which  is  a  summer  resort.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4315;  in  1880,  5777;  in  1890,  6744. 

Morgan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Ichawaynochaway  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cuth- 
hert.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Coles  co.,  111.     Pop.  818. 

Morgan,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1426. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1031. 

Morgan,  a  station  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.B.  of  Val- 
paraiso.    Pop.  of  Morgan  township,  579. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  91. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Decatur  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  519. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  339. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  682. 
Ft  contains  Mondamin. 

Morgan,  a  post-office  of  Chase  oo.,  Kansas. 

3Iorgan,  a  post- village  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ey.,  on  South 
Licking  River,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  48 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church.  Tobacco 
and  other  products  are  shipped  here. 

Morgan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore A  Ohio  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Morgan,  post-office,  Barry  co.,  Mich.     See  Sheridan. 

Morgan,  a  village  in  Negaunee  township,  Marquette 
00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Marquette,  Houghton  A  Ontonagon  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  a  blast-furnace,  a 
bloomery,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Morgan,  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.    See  Morgan  Station. 

Morgan,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2114. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  2107.  It 
contains  Princeton. 

Morgan,  a  station  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  25i  miles  S.S.W.  of  New 
Vork  City. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1064. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  731. 

Morgan,  or  Rock  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Morgan 
township,  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  Rock  Greek,  and  on  the 
Ashtabula,  Toungstown  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  29  miles  N. 
of  Warren,  and  about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Rock  Creek.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  seminary,  2  steam  tanneries,  2  steam  saw -mills,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  carriage- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  448;  of  the  township,  1015. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1807. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Gallia  co,,  0.     Pop.  1403. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  645. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2185.  It 
contains  McConnellsville. 


Morgan,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  bounded  E.  by 
the  river  Scioto.     Pop.  758. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1101. 

Morgan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah, 
is  on  or  near  Weber  River,  1  mile  from  Weber  Station, 
■which  is  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of 
Ogden.     It  has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  lime-kilns. 

Morgan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  Morgan 
township,  on  Seymour  Lake,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Newport. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  614. 

Mor'ganbnrg  (Flint  Post-Office  and  Station),  a  hamlet 
of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  A  North  Alabama  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Morgan  City  (formerly  Brashear),  a  post-village 
and  port  of  entry  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  navigable  Atchafalaya  Bayou,  20  miles  from  its  en- 
trance into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  Morgan's  Louisiana 
A  Texas  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  sash-factory.  Its  har- 
bor admits  vessels  drawing  15  feet  of  water.  Steamships 
for  Galveston  depart  from  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  2291. 

Mor'gandale,  a  station  on  the  Pittsourg,  Cincinnati 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Chicago,  111. 

Mor'ganfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  oo.,  Ky., 
is  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Henderson,  6  miles  from  the 
Ohio  River,  and  39  miles  S.W.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It  hna 
5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890, 1094. 

Mor'gan  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C, 
15  miles  N.  of  Asheville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Morgan  Park,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Cook  co., 
111.     It  has  a  church  and  a  military  academy. 

Morgan's,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter Creek  Railroiul,  3  miles  W.  of  Chester. 

Morgan's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

Morgan's  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Morgan's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Te.x. 

Morgan's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Morgan  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  sorghum. 

Morgan  Statioiiy  a  village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Micb.,  on 
the  Big  Rapids  Branch  of  the  Chicago  A  West  Michigan 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  A 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  White  Cloud  Post-Office. 

Mor'gansville,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  at 
Morgantown  Station  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad, 
3i  miles  N.W.  from  Hagerstown.     Pop.  about  90. 

Morgansrille,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  77. 

Morgansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  about  60  miles  E.  of 
Parkersburg. 

Mor'ganton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fannin  oo.,  Ga., 
near  the  Oeoee,  90  miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church. 

Morganton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burke  co.,  N.C, 
in  Morganton  township,  on  the  Catawba  River,  iind  on  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  55  miles  W.  of  States- 
ville,  and  about  64  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  Wilberforce  Col- 
lege (Episcopalian).  Gold  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1557  ;  of  the  township,  4318. 

Morganton,  or  Morgantown,  a  post-village  of 
Loudon  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  about  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

Morgantown,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Martinsville  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Morgantown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co., 
Ky.,  on  Green  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling 
Green.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  125. 

Morgantown,  Maryland.     See  Morgansville. 

Morgantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     Near  it  are  2  or  3  churches.    Pop.  55. 

Morgantown,  a  post-village  in  Caernarvon  township, 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  12  or  13  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  stores,  and  2  taverns. 

Morgantown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Monongahel?,  River,  about  56  miles  S.E. 
of  Wheeling,  and  65  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  female  seminary, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  several  mills.  Here  is  the  West 
Virginia  University,  founded  by  the  state  in  1867.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  1011. 

Morgan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mor'ganville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lowndes  co.. 


MOR 


1891 


MOR 


Ala,,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Montgomery. 

Morganvilley  a  small  post-rillage  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Chattanooga. 

Morgauville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Sherman  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Morganville,  Kentucky.    See  Houe. 

Mor'ganville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Freehold  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.  of  Freehold. 

Morganville  J  a  post-hamlet  in  StaflPord  township,  Gen- 
esee CO.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
1  or  2  churches. 

Morgan'za,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  about 
44  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Washington,  B.C. 

Morgauza,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Chartiers  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
a  reform  school. 

Morgarten,  moB^gaR't^n,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  boundary  of  the  cantons  of  Schwytz  and  Zug,  5 
miles  N.  of  Schwytz.  Here,  on  15th  November,  1315,  1300 
Swiss  defeated  20,000  men  under  Leopold  of  Austria,  this 
being  the  first  battle  fought  for  Swiss  independence. 

Morgeusteru,  moR'Gh§n-stSRn\  or  Morchenstern, 
moRK'en-stfiRn\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Jung-Buntzlau.     Pop.  4551. 

MorgeS)  moRzh  (Ger.  Moraee,  moR'si^),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  7 
miles  W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  3877. 

Morgram,  or  Margram,  mor-grS,m',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  of  Moorshedabad,  20  miles  W.  of  Berhampoor. 
It  has  important  silk-manufactures.     Pop.  5766. 

Morhange,  moR^ftszh',  or  Mdrchingen,  moR'king- 
§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  Lorraine,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Saar- 
gemiind.     Pop.  1172. 

Mori,  mo'ree,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  about  2  miles 
from  Rover edo,  on  the  Adige,  at  the  junction  of  the  Come- 
raso.     Pop.  4267. 

Mori'ah,  a  post-village  in  Moriah  township,  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  about  37  miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  and  4  miles  W.  of 
Lake  Champlain,  which  foi'ms  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
township.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  rich  mines  of  magnetic 
iron  ore,  and  several  furnaces.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad.  It  contains  larger 
villages,  named  Port  Henry  and  Mineville.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  6787. 

Moriah  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Moriah  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  3  miles 
from  Port  Henry,  and  about  100  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  6  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw -mill,  and 
rich  iron-mines.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mori'an,  a  hamlet  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  about  62  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Moriaus,  a  station  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Dunkirk. 

Moriches,  maw-rioh'iz  or  m5-rich'iz,  a  post- village  of 
SufiFolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Moriches  Station. 
It  has  nearly  50  houses.  Many  fish  and  wild  fowls  are 
caught  near  this  place.     It  is  also  called  West  Moriches. 

Moricium,  the  Latin  name  of  Morez. 

Morileoo  Island.    See  Hall  Island. 

Morin,  mo-reen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  railway  from  Augsburg  to  Munich,  6  miles  E.  of 
Ingolstadt.     Pop.  1668. 

Moringen,  mo'ring-§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
85  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  2040. 

Moritoliuni,  the  Latin  name  of  Mortaik. 

Morkowitz,  moR'ko-*its\  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles 
from  Wischau.     Pop.  1380. 

Morlaas,  moRUis',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1681. 

Morlacca,  moB-l4k'ki  (Ger.  Vellebith,  vfil'lS-bit^),  a 
district  of  Croatia,  consisting  of  the  mountainous  coast- 
line, comprising  the  towns  of  Carlopago  and  Zengg.  Its 
inhabitants,  called  Morlaks,  or  Morlacchi,  are  of  Slavic 
race,  and  are  among  the  rudest  in  the  empire.  Moblacca 
Strait,  3  miles  in  breadth,  separates  the  Illyrian  and  Dal- 
matian islands,  Veglia,  Arbe,  and  Pago,  from  the  mainland. 

Morlaix,  moR^i'  (L.  Morlm'um),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Finist^re,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jarlot  and  Queffleut, 
which,  uniting  as  they  fall  into  a  small  estuary,  form  a  har- 
bor difficult  of  access,  but  secure  when  entered,  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Brest.     It  is  picturesquely  situated  in  a  valley  so 


narrow  as  only  to  admit  the  stream.  The  principal  square  i« 
of  great  extent,  and  adorned  with  some  fine  mansions.  Mor- 
laix  contains  a  hdtel-de-rille,  the  churches  of  St.  Matthew 
and  St.  Melaine,  a  public  library,  and  a  communal  college. 
The  manufactures  are  linen,  oil,  candles,  paper,  and  tobacco, 
for  which  the  government  has  a  factory,  employing  about 
1000  persons.  The  trade  is  in  leather,  agricultural  products, 
thread,  paper,  wine,  and  brandy.     Pop.  13,519. 

Morlanwelz,  mor'lin--*filz\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  15  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  of  commune,  4215. 

Mor'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 

4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Leeds.     Pop.  9607. 
Mor'ley,  a  post-village  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 

South  Branch  of  the  Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &,  Indiana  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Big  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  lumber-  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Morley,  a  post-village  in  Morley  township,  Scott  oo.. 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad, 
28  miles  W.  of  Cairo,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Commerce.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Morley,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Grass  River,  about  10  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Potsdam,  and  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  450. 

Morley,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co..  Wis. 

Mormanno,  moR-m&n'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Cosenza, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  5890. 

Mormentzel,  moR'mint-sdP,  a  hill  of  Transylvania,  in 
the  narrow  pass  of  Borso,  on  the  Great  Szamos,  above 
which  it  rises  more  than  1800  feet. 

Mormoiron,  moR^mw4^r6N«''  (L.  Marmurio),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vaucluse)  on  the  Auzon,  7  miles  E.  of  Car- 
pentras.     Pop.  1433. 

Mor'mon  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,Tex. 

Mormon  Island,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  American  River,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Mormon  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
runs  northwestward  in  Bois6  co.,  and  enters  the  East  Fork 
of  Salmon  River. 

Mor'montown,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa,  at 
Colfax,  a  hamlet  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford. 

Mornant,  moR^n6N»',  a  town  of  Franoe,  in  Rhdne,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1504. 

Morne-k-l'£an,  morn-i-15',  a  town  of  the  French 
colony  of  Guadeloupe,  West  Indies,  near  the  centre  of  the 
island  of  Grande-Terre,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pointe-^-Pitre. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5483. 

Mornese,  moR-ni's4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Alessandria, 

5  miles  from  Novi.     Pop.  1100. 

Mornico,  moR'ne-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Bergamo.     Pop.  1532. 

Morn'ing  Glo'ry,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  oo.,  Ky. 

Morn'ingside,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2  miles 
S.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  numerous  handsome  seats  and 
villas,  and  is  much  resorted  to  for  its  salubrious  air.  Here 
is  the  city  and  county  lunatic  asylum. 

Morn'ingside,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  5J  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Morning  Star,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  918. 

Morning  Star,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Jonesborough. 

Morning  Sun,  a  post-village  in  Morning  Sun  township, 
Louisa  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  k 
Northern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Burlington,  and 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wapello.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  785 ;  of  the 
township,  730  additional. 

Morning  Sun,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  an  academy  and  a 
church. 

Morn'ington,  a  hamlet  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Meatb,  on 
the  Boyne,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Drogheda. 

Morn'ington,  a  post-office  of  Webster  oo..  Mo.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Marshfield. 

Mornington  Island,  the  northernmost  and  largest 
of  the  Wellesley  Islands,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Australia, 
in  lat.  16°  24'  S.,  Ion,  139°  37'  B. 

Mornington  Port,  an  inlet  of  the  Red  Sea,  in  Nubi* 
Lat.  18°  11'  N. 

Morn'ing  View,  a  post-village  of  Kenton  oo.,  Ky. 

Morning  View,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  oc ,  0.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Martinsville. 

Mo'ro,  a  small  river  of  Arkansas,  enters  the  Ouaobita 
at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Bradley  co. 


MOR 


1892 


MOR 


Moro,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Lee  oo.,  Ark.,  about  85  miles  B. 
of  Little  Rock. 

Moro,  township,  San  Luis  Obispo  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  627. 

Aloro  A  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.B.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mc.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.  Good 
coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  184. 

Moro,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  about  28  miles 
W.  of  Houlton. 

Moro,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  oo.,  Tex. 

Moro  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Moro  River,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Ouachita  River,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Morocco,  mo-rok'ko,  or  Marocco  (Arab.  Marakash, 
mi-ri'kash,  or  Marakah,  m4-riksh' ;  Fr.  Maroc,  ml^rftk' ; 
Sp.  Marrueco,  maR-Roo-i'ko ;  It.  Marocco,  m&-rok'ko;  L. 
Maro'chium),  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  an  empire  of  the 
same  name,  on  the  N.  side  of  an  extensive  and  fertile  plain, 
1450  feet  above  sea-level.  Lat.  31°  37'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  35' 
30"  W.  It  is  nearly  6  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  strongly-built  machicolated  wall  of  tappia  work  (lime 
beaten  with  earth),  30  feet  high,  with  foundations  of  ma- 
sonry, and  square  towers  every  50  paces.  In  the  walls  there 
are  11  gates.  The  entire  space  within  is  not  generally  cov- 
ered with  buildings,  but  comprises  large  gardens  and  open 
areas  of  from  20  to  30  acres  in  extent.  The  streets  are  nar- 
row, irregular,  and  unpaved.  The  houses  are  mostly  con- 
structed of  tappia,  although  many  are  built  of  stone ;  they 
are  generally  of  one  story,  flat-roofed,  with  the  side  to- 
wards the  street  plain  and  whitewashed,  having  here  and 
there  a  narrow,  unglazed  opening  for  a  window.  There 
are  several  market-places  and  a  covered  bazaar,  at  which  a 
great  variety  of  articles  are  always  on  sale.  There  are  al- 
together 19  mosques  in  the  city,  of  which  6  are  remarkable 
for  their  size  and  architectural  elegance.  On  the  S.  of  the 
city  stands  the  palace,  comprising  a  space  about  1500  yards 
long  by  600  yards  wide,  and  near  it  is  the  Jews'  quarter 
(El  Millah),  a  walled  enclosure  about  li  miles  in  circuit, 
one-half  of  it  nearly  in  ruins,  thronged  to  suffocation,  and 
excessively  filthy,  like  the  whole  town.  Morocco  is  famous 
for  the  manufacture  of  the  species  of  leather  to  which  the 
town  gives  name.  The  color  used  in  dyeing  the  morocco  is 
confined  to  yellow.  There  are  the  ruins  of  extensive  aque- 
ducts in  the  vicinity  of  the  town,  some  of  them  20  miles  in 
length.  Morocco  was  founded  in  1072.  It  has  long  been 
hastening  to  decay,  and  is  now  nearly  half  in  ruins,  the 
result  of  war,  plague,  and  wretched  government.  Pop.  es- 
timated at  40,000. 

Morocco,  or  Marocco  (anc.  Tingita'na  Maurita'nia  ; 
Arabic,  MoghYeeh-el-Ak»a,  mftn^reeb'-fil-ik'si,  i.e.,  "The 
Extreme  West;"  Fr.  Maroc,  mi^rok' ;  Sp.  Marruecos,  maR- 
Roo-i'koce),  an  extensive  maritime  country  occupying  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Africa,  bounded  W.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  N.E.  by  Algeria,  and  E. 
and  S.  by  the  Sahara  or  Great  Desert.  Lat.  28°  to  36° 
N. ;  Ion.  0°  38'  to  11°  38'  W.  Area,  about  190,560  square 
miles.  The  country  is  traversed  diagonally  from  N.E.  to 
S.W.,  throughout  its  whole  extent,  by  the  chains  of  the  At- 
las Mountains,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  which  lie  the  territories 
of  Fez  and  Morocco,  and  on  the  opposite  side  the  principali- 
ties of  Tafilet,  Drah  (Daraa),  El-Harish,  Adr&r,  Gezulah, 
Soos-el-Adna,  and  Soos-el-Aksa,  that  is,  "the  extreme  or 
farthest  limit." 

Physically  considered,  Morocco  falls  naturally  into  four 
regions.  1.  The  great  range  of  the  Atlas,  composed  of 
two  or  more  parallel  chains,  meeting  the  desert  of  Angad 
in  the  N.E.,  forms  a  natural  frontier.  2.  Er-Reef,  or  the 
northern  maritime  district,  comprising  the  chains  of  moun- 
tains which  rise  at  no  great  distance  from  the  Mediterranean 
Sea.  3.  The  wide  belt  of  fertile  plain,  intermixed  with  hill 
and  valley,  which  lies  between  the  two  preceding  regions, 
and  extends  from  the  Mulweeya  to  Mogadore,  a  distance 
of  450  miles.  4.  The  plains  and  valleys  S.E.  of  the  Atlas. 
These  last  all  terminate  in  or  adjoin  the  Great  Desert. 

Morocco  has  the  largest  rivers  in  North  Africa.  Those 
flowing  from  the  N.  side  of  the  Atlas  have  their  channels 
well  filled  with  water ;  but  those  flowing  from  the  S. 
are  dry  in  summer.  The  Mulweeya,  rising  in  a  principal 
knot  of  the  Atlas,  nearly  in  lat.  32°  30'  N.,  flows  N.E. 
to  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  course  of  350  miles.  The 
Seboo  descends  from  Mount  Sililgo  W.  to  the  Atlantic,  in 
a  course  of  160  miles.  The  Morbeya,  which  enters  the  sea 
at  Azamor,  lat.  33°  17'  N.,  has  a  course  of  about  230  miles; 
and  the  Tensift,  which  passes  near  the  city  of  Morocco,  has 
a  length  of  about  190  miles.  Of  the  rivers  which  discharge 
their  waters  into  the  desert,  the  Guir,  the  most  E.,  seems  to 
have  a  course  S.S.B.,  occasionally  traceable  for  300  or  400 


miles.  The  Ziz,  which,  with  its  numerous  affluents,  waters 
a  very  fertile  and  populous  country,  is  spent  before  it  attains 
half  that  length.  The  Drah,  or  Daraa,  rising  in  the  cen- 
tral and  most  elevated  portion  of  the  Atlas  (lat.  from  31° 
to  32°  N.),  first  runs  S.  for  nearly  200  miles,  forms  a  lake 
called  Ed-Debaiia,  and  then,  turning  W.,  enters  the  ocean 
in  lat.  28°  18'  N.,  after  a  course  of  700  miles;  the  lower 
portion  of  its  bed,  however,  and  the  lake,  are  periodically 
dry.  The  coast,  being  generally  low  and  little  broken,  offers 
few  good  harbors :  of  these,  Tangier  and  Mogadore  are  the 
best;  the  rest,  as  El-Araish,  Sale,  Rabatt,  Mehediah,  Aza- 
mor, <fcc.,  are  but  open  roadsteads  at  the  mouths  of  rivers. 

The  summits  of  the  Atlas  often  rise  into  peaks,  but  their 
scenery  is  characterized  rather  by  rounded  neights  clothed 
with  luxuriant  forests  than  by  rugged  and  precipitous  forms. 
Copper  ores  are  found  in  the  S.  ramifications,  S.  of  the  river 
Soos.  There  are  reports,  also,  of  iron-mines  in  the  interior, 
and  of  lead  in  the  vicinity  of  TSmsna.  The  kkol,  or  ore  of 
antimony,  used  by  Moorish  ladies  for  darkening  the  eye- 
brows, is  obtained  from  Tedla.  Amethysts  of  great  size  I 
and  beauty  have  been  found  in  the  Atlas.  I 

The  climate  is  generally  very  fine.  The  extremes  of  * 
temperature  lie  within  moderate  limits,  the  mean  annual 
temperature  of  the  city  of  Morocco,  at  an  absolute  eleva- 
tion of  1384  feet,  being  about  64°.  The  forests  of  Er-Reef 
contain,  among  other  species  of  oak,  that  which  bears  edible 
acorns,  and  also  that  which  yields  cork.  In  the  higher  re 
gions  of  the  Atlas  are  found  the  Aleppo  pine,  the  cedar  of 
Lebanon,  and  many  varieties  of  oxycedrus  and  of  juniper, 
yielding  fragrant  gums.  The  date-palm  and  the  dwarf 
palm  form  extensive  woods  E.  and  S.  of  the  Atlas.  In  the 
maritime  region  grows  the  Eleodendron  argdn,  from  the 
olive-like  fruit  of  which  is  extracted  an  excellent  oil.  Among 
the  wild  plants  of  the  S.  provinces  may  be  mentioned  the 
caper  and  archil,  the  latter  an  important  article  of  com- 
merce. 

The  agriculture  of  Morocco  is  in  the  lowest  possible  con 
dition.  Neither  science  nor  capital  aids  the  labors  of  the  bus 
bandman.  The  cereal  crops  are  wheat,  which  is  excellent, 
barley,  of  inferior  quality,  and  maize.  Durrah,  or  millet, 
constitutes  the  chief  support  of  the  population,  though 
beans,  the  esculent  arum,  and  canary-seed  are  consumed  in 
large  quantities  by  the  poorer  classes.  The  vine  is  culti- 
vated near  the  towns  for  the  sake  of  the  fresh  grapes  and 
raisins.  All  the  fruits  of  Southern  Europe  and  the  Canary 
Islands  are  to  be  found  here  in  sufficient  abundance.  A 
large  portion  of  the  population  leads  a  pastoral  life. 

The  lion  still  haunts  the  plains  on  the  sides  of  the  Atlas, 
followed  by  panthers  and  ounces.  The  wild  boar  inhabits  the 
woods.  Gazelles  and  several  species  of  large  antelope  enter 
the  country  from  the  desert.  But  more  formidable  by  far 
than  beasts  of  prey  are  the  locusts,  which  come  from  the 
desert  in  countless  multitudes,  spreading  desolation  over 
the  fields.  The  ostrich  is  found  on  the  S.  frontiers,  and  the 
ostrich  feathers  brought  from  that  quarter  are  the  best 
known  in  commerce.  The  wealth  of  the  Arab  tribes  con- 
sists chiefly  in  their  droves,  herds,  and  flocks.  Horses  of 
an  excellent  breed  are  numerous,  and  still  more  important 
are  the  sheep,  the  wool  of  which  is  frequently  of  the  finest 
possible  description. 

In  general,  among  the  rural  population,  every  woman 
spins  and  every  man  knows  how  to  weave.  Fez  makes 
and  exports  great  quantities  of  cloth  caps.  The  tanners  of 
Mequinez  have  a  great  reputation ;  those  of  Morocco  render 
the  lion's  or  panther's  skin  as  white  as  snow  and  as  soft  as 
silk.  Of  the  fine  morocco  leather,  Fez  furnishes  the  red, 
Tafilet  the  green,  and  the  city  of  Morocco  the  yellow.  The 
Morocco  carpets,  called  by  the  Moors  Sherbiah  and  Katifah, 
and  much  esteemed  in  Europe,  under  the  name  of  Turkey 
carpets,  are  made  chiefly  in  the  province  of  Ducalla.  The 
Jews  alone  do  business  as  goldsmiths  and  jewellers.  The 
commerce  of  Morocco  may  be  classed  under  three  heads : 
1,  commerce  with  the  East,  carried  on  by  means  of  the  cara- 
vans to  Mecca ;  2,  with  Soodan  across  the  Great  Desert ;  3, 
the  maritime  trade.  The  first-named  comprises  Persian 
silks,  perfumes,  spices,  and  some  Indian  goods,  to  which  are 
added  cotton  and  raw  silk  from  Cairo.  The  goods  exported 
by  this  channel  are  cochineal,  indigo,  skins,  fine  leather, 
woollen  cloths,  and  ostrich  feathers.  The  caravans  going 
S.  are  much  less  numerous  than  those  destined  for  Egypt 
or  Mecca,  yet  they  often  reckon  from  16,000  to  20,000 
camels.  At  Timbuctoo  they  meet  the  merchants  from  the 
S.,  and  dispose  of  their  goods,  chiefly  salt,  woollen  mantles, 
sashes,  daggers,  tobacco,  and  looking-glasses,  for  ivory, 
rhinoceros-horn,  incense,  gold-dust,  ostrich  feathers,  gums, 
malaghetta  pepper,  cardamom,  indigo,  and  slaves.  The 
capital  advanced  on  each  expedition  to  Timbuctoo  is  esti- 


MOR 


1893 


MOR 


mated  at  $1,000,000,  and  the  returns  are  said  to  exceed  in 
value  ten  times  that  amount. 

The  population  of  Morocoo  is  divided  into  several  dis- 
tinat  races.  The  Berbers,  the  oldest  inhabitants  of  the 
country,  are  divided  into  Amazig  and  Shelluh,  the  latter 
of  whom,  inhabiting  the  high  plains  of  the  Atlas,  8.  of  the 
capital,  devote  themselves  to  agriculture.  The  Arabs  form 
the  bulk  of  the  rural  population  in  the  plains.  In  the 
towns  along  the  coast  are  found  the  Moors.  There  are  many 
negroes  and  people  of  mixed  descent.  A  considerable  num- 
ber of  Jews  is  to  be  found  in  all  the  commercial  towns. 
The  education  given  at  the  schools  in  the  chief  towns,  and 
completed  at  the  university  of  Fez,  does  not  go  beyond  the 
theology  of  the  Koran ;  true  science  is  unknown,  and  what- 
ever monuments  of  art  there  are  in  the  kingdom  point  to 
past  ages.  Music  is  the  only  art  for  which  the  Moors  mani- 
fest a  decided  taste. 

The  sovereign  or  Sultan  of  Morocco,  styled  by  Europeans 
Emperor,  bears  the  title  of  Emeer  el  Moomeneen,  or  "  Lord 
of  the  true  Believers."  He  is  absolute ;  the  lives  and  prop- 
erties of  his  subjects  are  at  his  disposal.  His  treasury, 
situated  in  Mequinez,  is  a  mysterious  and  impenetrable 
structure,  guarded  by  2000  blacks,  and  is  supposed  to  con- 
tain great  treasures.  The  military  force  maintained  by  the 
Sultan  does  not  ordinarily  exceed  16,000,  of  whom  half  are 
blacks,  and  of  the  remainder  a  large  portion  are  Bedouins. 
The  marine  force  is  insignificant.  The  population  is  esti- 
mated at  6,000,000. 

History. — In  the  Mau'ri  or  Mauru'sii,  Maa'syli,  Maz'icea, 
and  Gxtu'li  of  ancient  writers  it  is  easy  to  recognize  the 
Moors  or  Moriscos,  the  Shelluh,  Amazig,  and  Gezulah  or 
Benoo  Godalah  of  modern  times.  The  Vandals,  who  held 
the  country  for  some  years,  are  supposed  to  have  intro- 
duced into  it,  at  the  end  of  the  fifth  and  beginning  of  the 
sixth  century,  the  piratical  habits  which  afterwards  became 
so  characteristic  of  the  coasts.  In  the  latter  part  of  the 
seventh  century  the  Arabs,  fired  with  enthusiasm,  spread 
over  N^orth  Africa,  and,  having  taken  possession  of  Mauri- 
tania, penetrated  S.  to  the  borders  of  the  desert.  It  was 
about  this  time  that  the  Jews  were  expelled  from  Spain 
(a.d.  694)  and  sought  refuge  in  great  numbers  on  the 
shores  of  Africa. 

Near  the  close  of  the  eighth  century  a  descendant  of 
Mohammed,  named  Edris,  was  made  sovereign  of  the  Ber- 
ber tribes  about  the  Atlas.  In  1035  the  warlike  sect  of 
the  Morabites  first  rose  into  existence  among  the  Gezulah 
and  on  the  borders  of  the  desert.  In  1055  their  chief,  Abu 
Bekr  ben  Omar  el-Lamtiini,  was  proclaimed  sovereign.  His 
grandson  crossed  the  mountains,  and  in  1072  laid  the 
foundations  of  the  city  of  Morocco,  which  thus  arose  with 
the  remarkable  dynasty  of  the  Almoravides.  In  the  time  of 
El-Watas,  the  founder  of  a  dynasty  bearing  his  name,  the 
expulsion  of  the  Moors  and  Jews  from  Spain  a.d.  1480-1501 
added  800,000  souls,  it  is  said,  to  the  population.  In  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  a  new  dynasty  commenced 
with  the  descendants  of  the  Shereef  Hosein.  The  fifth  of 
this  family,  commonly  called  Hamed  Shereef-el-Mansoor, 
towards  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century  made  himself 
master  of  Morocco,  and  pushed  his  conquests  through  the 
desert  as  far  as  Timbuctoo  and  Kagho.  His  reign  (from 
1579  to  1603)  is  regarded  as  the  golden  age  in  the  history 
of  Morocco.  The  ninth  and  last  Moroccan  dynasty  is  that 
founded  in  1648  by  Mulai  Shereef  el  Fileli,  or  King  of 
Tafilet,  who  was  remarkable,  among  other  things,  for  his 
numerous  posterity,  having  had  84  sons  and  124  daughters. 
In  1814  the  Sultan  abolished  the  slavery  of  Christians,  and 
in  1817  disarmed  his  marine  and  strictly  prohibited  piracy. 

Adj.  Moorish,  moor'ish,  Moroc'can,  and  Morbsquk, 

mo-rSsk'  (Arab.  Moghrabeb,  mo'Ghr8,-bee\  in  the  plural, 
MoGHARBA,  mo'6haR'b&;  Sp.  Marroquin,  maR-Ro-keen')  ; 
inhab.  Moor  and  Moghrebin,  mo'Ghreb-in. 

Mo^roc'co,  a  post-village  in  Beaver  township,  Newton 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 

Moro  Creek,  New  Mexico.    See  Mora  Creek. 

3Ioromauno,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Mormanxo. 

MoTOu,  mo-ron',  or  Moron-de-la-Frontera,  mo- 
r5n'-di-13,-fron-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Seville,  near  the  Guadaira.  It  has  a  town  house, 
prison,  granary,  a  Latin  grammar-school,  3  hospitals,  a  fine 
church  with  3  naves,  and  several  convents  and  nunneries. 
On  the  hill  E.  of  the  town  are  the  ruins  of  an  ancient 
castle,  for  several  centuries  one  of  the  most  important 
strongholds  in  Spain.  It  was  blown  up  by  the  French  in 
1812.  The  town  has  manufactories  of  bats,  soap,  lime,  and 
gypsum,  several  potteries,  numerous  flour-  and  oil-mills, 
and  a  few  looms  for  linens.     Pop.  12,846. 


Morona,  mo-ro'n&,  a  river  of  Ecuador  and  Peru,  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Cosulima  and  the  navigable  Man- 
gosisa.  It  flows  300  miles  southeastward,  and  joins  the 
Amazon.     It  is  navigable  throughout  by  steamers. 

Morone,  mo-ro'n4,  or  Morrone,  mon-Ko'ni,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Campobasso,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Larino.    P.  3605. 

Moroni,  mo-ro'nee,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  co., 
Utah,  is  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  San  Pete  River,  36  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  York  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  958. 

Mo'ro  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Dallas  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Bradley  co.  until  it 
enters  the  Ouachita  River.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Moros,  mo'roce,  a  village  of  Spain,  Aragon,  60  miles 
from  Saragossa.     It  has  a  church  and  a  hospital.     P.  1271. 

Morotai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     See  Molokai. 

Morot'to,  Morut'tn,  or  M oratu'wa,  a  large  town 
of  Ceylon,  on  its  W.  coast,  10  miles  S.  of  Colombo. 

MoroTSk,  or  Morowsk,  mo-rovsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Desna. 

Moro  wan,  mo-ro-wfl,n',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Oude,  division  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  in  1872,  7997. 

Morozzo,  mo-rot'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Coni,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1966. 

Mor'peth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newcastle.  It 
has  2  principal  streets,  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas,  a  town 
hall,  an  elegant  bridge  of  three  arches  over  the  Wansbeck,  a 
prison  and  court-house,  an  old  market-cross,  fine  churches, 
a  handsome  chapel  of  ease,  several  dissenting  places  of 
worship,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  grammar-school  and 
several  other  schools,  a  mechanics'  institute,  and  a  dispen- 
sary. The  woollen-manufacture  and  tanning  are  carried 
on  to  some  extent.  The  borough  returns  a  member  to  Par- 
liament.    Pop.  (1891)  5219. 

Mor'peth,  a  town  and  river-port  of  New  South  Wales, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  at  the  head  of  the  navigable  part 
of  the  Hunter  River,  78  miles  N.E.  of  Sydney.  Steamers 
ply  between  this  place  and  Sydney.     Pop.  1236. 

Mor'peth,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  near 
Lake  Erie,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thamesville.  It  contains  a 
woollen-factory,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  grist-mills,  5  or  6 
stores,  <tc.     Pop,  600, 

Morphou,  a  town  of  Cyprus.    See  Morpu. 

Morra,  moR'Ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  2849. 

Morra,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Alba,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  3325. 

Mor'ral,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marion. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  warehouse. 

Morrano,  mor-r&'no,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Visalia  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Lathrop, 

Morrell',  a  post-hamlet  in  Morris  township,  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Pa,,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Union  Fur- 
nace Station,  about  20  miles  N,E.  of  Altoona.  Here  is  a 
large  lime-kiln. 

Morrellgunge,  mor^r^l-gfinj',  a  town  and  port  of  Ben- 
gal, in  Jessore,  100  miles  E.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  among  the 
Sunderbunds,  and  on  a  deep  navigable  channel,  45  mUes 
from  the  sea,  and  has  a  large  export  trade,  chiefly  in  rice. 

Morrice,  mor'ris,  a  post-office  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich. 

Mor'rill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Brown  oo.,  Kansas, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver  City  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Hiawatha. 

Morrill,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Morrill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Morrill  township,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  7  miles  W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  523. 

Mor'rill's  Corner,  a  village  in  Deering  township, 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  near  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  organs,  leather,  and  britannia-ware. 

Mor'rillton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Conway  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rook  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  50  milea 
N.W.  of  Argenta.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  office.*,  saw-, 
shingle-,  and  grist-mills,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop,  1644. 

Mor'ris,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  6S4  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Neosho  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  small  affluents  of 
the  Kansas  River,  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Nearly  95  per  cent,  of  it  is 
prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Magnesian  limestone  abounds  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  k  Texas  Kail- 
road  and  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Council  Grove.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2225;  in  1875,4597;  in  1880,  9265;  in  1890, 11,381. 

Morris,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Jersey,  has  an 
area  of  about  470  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  N.17 


MOR 


1894 


MOR 


by  the  Peqnannock  River,  on  the  S.E.  and  E.  by  the  Pas- 
saic River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Musconetcong.  It  is 
also  drained  by  the  sources  of  the  Raritan  and  by  the  Rock- 
away  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  Ac. 
Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Sohooley's  Mountain,  a 
summer  resort.  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  farms.  This  county  has  rich  iron- 
mines,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  forged  and  rolled 
iron  and  nails.  Limestone  and  marble  are  found  here.  Thia 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Morris  Canal,  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Central  of  New  Jer- 
sey Railroad,  and  the  Morris  County  Railroad.  Capital, 
Morristown.     Pop.  in  1880,  50,861 ;  in  1890,  54,101. 

Morris,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sul- 
phur Fork  of  Red  River,  and  also  drained  by  Big  Cypress 
and  White  Oak  Bayous.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  hickory, 
oak,  pecan,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  East  Line  &  Red  River  Railroad.  Capital, 
Daingerfield.     Pop.  in  1880,  50.32  ;  in  1890,  6580. 

Morris,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  cc,  Ala.,  on  the  South 
&  North  Alabama  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Birmingham. 
Here  is  a  church. 

Morris,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in  Mor- 
ris township,  3  miles  E.  of  Morris  Station,  and  about  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  701.  Morris  Station  is  at  West  Morris,  on 
the  Shepaug  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Litchfield. 

Morris,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  about  32  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Athens.     See  also  Morris  Station. 

Morris,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Grundy  co.,  111.,  is  in 
Morris  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Illinois  &,  Michigan  Canal,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and 
21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Joliet.  It  has  8  churches,  2  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  classical  institute,  a  Indies'  semi- 
nary, 3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  a  brewery, 
electric  lights,  water-works,  Ac,  and  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware and  paper  car-wheels.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3653;  in  1894  (estimated),  4000. 

Morris,  a  post- village  in  Adams  township,  Ripley  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad, 
51  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  spokes,  hubs,  cooperage,  &c. 

Morris,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Md.,  near  the  Delaware 
line,  on  the  Queen  Anne's  &  Kent  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Massey's. 

Morris,  a  hamlet  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago 
<fc  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Bridge- 
man.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Morris,  a  post-village  in  Morris  township,  capital  of 
Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and 
on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  159  miles  W.N.W,  of  St. 
Paul,  and  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Benson.  Pop.  in  1890, 1266  j 
oC  the  township,  additional,  237. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3831. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  964. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  539. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  5674.  It 
i.ontains  Morristown. 

Morris,  or  Lonisviile,  a  post-village  in  Morris 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Butternut  Creek,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Utica,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  4 
churches,  an  academic  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  chair- 
factory,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  banking-house.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Morris.  Pop.  about  650 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2303. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  860. 

Morris,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1480. 
It  contains  Morrisdale  and  Kylerton. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1296.  It 
contains  Nineveh. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa,     Pop.  688. 

Morris,  a  .township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.  Pop.  423.  It 
has  dense  forests  of  hemlock  and  hardwood,  and  beds  of 
coal.     It  contains  a  part  of  Antrim. 

Morris,  a  post-office  in  Morris  township,  Tioga  co..  Pa., 
about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Williamsport.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 423. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  has  beds 
of  coal.     Pop.  1050.     It  contains  the  village  of  Prosperity. 

Morris,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Morrisania,  mor'ris-a'ne-a,  a  village  of  Westchester 
•o.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Harlem  River,  and  on  the 


New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
the  city  hall.  It  was  annexed  to  the  city  of  New  York  in 
1873,  and  its  post-office  is  now  a  branch  of  the  New  York 
Post-Office.  Here  are  numerous  churches  and  elegant  resi- 
dences. 

Mor'risburg,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  in  Dundas  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  foot  of  the  RiviSre 
du  Plat  Canal,  92  miles  by  rail  W,  of  Montreal,  It  has  water- 
power,  2  churches,  a  branch  bank,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-  J 
mills,  2  foundries,  a  tannery,  several  factories,  a  number  of  I 
stores,  and  a  newspaper  office.  A  steamer  runs  regularly 
between  here  and  Waddington,  N.Y.     Pop.  1156. 

Mor'ris  Chap'el,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Morris  Church,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 

Morris  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Hill 
township,  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  about  56  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg, 
It  has  2  stores  and  several  vineyards. 

Mor'risdale,  or  Mor'risdale  Mines,  a  post-village 
in  Morris  township.  Clearfield  co..  Pa,,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Phillipsburg,  and  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  is 
the  N.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield 
Railroad.     It  has  mines  of  coal  and  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Morris  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Morris  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Morris  Island,  of  South  Carolina,  is  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  entrance  of  Charleston  harbor,  and  borders  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Its  N.  extremity  is  about  1  mile  S.S.E. 
of  Fort  Sumter. 

Mor'rison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
ha«  an  area  of  about  970  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Crow  Wing  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Platte  and 
Swan  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Little 
Falls.    Pop.  in  1870,  1681;  in  1880,  5875;  in  1890,  13,325. 

Morrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  A  South  Park  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Denver, 
It  has  a  fine  stone  hotel,  a  large  stone  school-house,  a  sul- 
phur spring,  and  a  quarry  of  limestone. 

Morrison,  a  city,  capital  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  is  in 
Mount  Pleasant  township,  on  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroaid,  124  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  14 
miles  E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
national  bank,  a  private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  2088. 

Morrison,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  5 
miles  E.  of  Grundy  Centre. 

Morrison,  a  post-village  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  92 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Hermann.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Morrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  Whitehaven,  and  about  20  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Wilkes- 
barre.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Morrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn,,  on  a 
railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  McMinnville. 

Morrison,  a  post-village  in  Morrison  township.  Brown 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  The 
township  has  4  churches  and  several  lumber-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1398. 

Morrison,  Dane  co..  Wis.     See  Morrisonville. 

Morrison  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  3  miles  from  Spadra  Station,  and  about 
60  miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Morrison's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla., 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Palatka. 

Mor'risonville,  a  post-village  in  Ricks  township. 
Christian  co..  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Decatur,  and  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  and  an  elevator.     Pop,  about  900. 

Morrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Saranac  River,  in  Plattsburg  and  Schuyler  Falls  town- 
ships, 5  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wool- 
len-mill, a  machine-shop,  and  a  starch-factory. 

Morrisonville,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

Morrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  at 
Morrison  Station  on  the  Madison  A  Portage  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  of  Madison.     It  has  an  elevator.     Pop.  100. 

Morris  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.  Near  her* 
is  an  insane  asylum. 


MOK 


1895 


MOR 


Morris  Run,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  cc,  Pa.,  on  the 
Morris  Run  Branch  of  the  Tioga  Railroad,  4  miles  by  rail 
9.E.  of  Blossburg,  and  32  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
8  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  2350. 

Morris  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Quitman  cc,  6a., 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  (station  name  Morris), 
^0  miles  W.  of  Cuthbert.     It  has  several  stores. 

Mor'riston,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  cc,  Ontario, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Guelph.  It  contains  2  churches  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Mor'ristown,  a  mining  village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  aboat 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Downieville.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Morristown,  a  post-oflSce  or  hamlet  of  Henry  cc, 
111.,  about  20  miles  E.S.B.  of  Davenport,  Iowa. 

MorristOAVn,  a  village  in  Monroe  township,  Randolph 
CO.,  InJ.,  at  Parker  Station  on  the  railroad  between  Win- 
chester and  Muncie,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Muncie.     It  has 

2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  257.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Parker. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township, 
Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  In- 
dianapolis. It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  5  stores. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Morristown  township, 
Rice  CO.,  Minn.,  on  Cannon  River,  about  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Faribault.  It  has  4  or  5  stores,  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  517  ;  of  the  township, 
1557.     Several  lakes  occur  on  the  border  of  the  township. 

Morristown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  is 
in  Morris  township,  on  the  Whippany  River,  and  on  the 
Morris  &  Essex  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc 
Western  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Paterson,  and  32  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  N. 
of  New  York.  It  is  situated  on  a  table-land,  about  500  feet 
above  tide-water,  surrounded  by  picturesque  ranges  of  hills, 
and  is  neatly  laid  out,  having  a  fine  public  square  or  park, 
on  which  stands  a  granite  monument  erected  in  honor 
of  the  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  civil  war.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  9  churches,  a  graded  academy,  2  seminaries  for 
ladies,  a  classical  school,  2  national  banks,  a  trust  company 
and  savings-bank,  a  public  library,  an  orphans'  home,  2  hos- 
pitals, 5  hotels,  and  several  summer  boarding-houses.  The 
city  is  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  is  supplied  with 
spring  water  from  a  large  reservoir.  The  purity  of  the  air 
and  the  attractive  scenery  render  this  place  a  favorite  sum- 
mer resort.  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Morristown  is  the  site  of  a  state  lunatic  asylum,  designed 
to  accommodate  1000  patients.  This  city  has  manufactures 
of  carriages,  and  near  here  are  straw-board  mills.  It  pos- 
sesses historical  interest  as  having  been  twice  the  head- 
quarters of  the  American  army  during  the  Revolutionary 
war.  The  house  occupied  by  General  Washington  is  still 
standing,  and  has  been  purchased  for  the  State  Historical 
Society.  _  Pop.  in  1880,  5418;  in  1890,  8156. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Morristown  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  at  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  Morristown  &  Black  River  Railroad, 
about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  opposite  to  Brock- 
ville,  Canada,  to  which  a  steam  ferry  runs.  It  has  several 
warehouses,  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  planing- 
mill.  Pop.  about  350.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Black  Lake.     Pop.  1849. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Bel- 
mont CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and 

3  miles  N.  of  Belmont  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  423. 

Morristown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamblen  co., 
Tenn.,  is  on  the  left  or  S.  bank  of  the  Holston  River,  and 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <fc  Charleston 
Railroad,  42  miles  B.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  female  institute,  5  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  sash,  Ac.    P.  (1890)  1999. 

Morristown,  a  small  post- village  in  Morristown  town- 
ship, Lamoille  cc,  Vt.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Montpelier. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Lamoille  River,  and  con- 
tains also  a  larger  village,  named  Morrisville.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1897. 

Mor'ristown,  or  Lakevale,  aseaportof  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Antigonish,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  near  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  11  miles  N.  of  Antigonish.     Pop.  200. 

Mor'risville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  cc.  Mo.,  22  miles 
N.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Morrisville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  cc,  N.J.,  4  miles 
8.  of  Holmdel  Station.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 


Morrisville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Eaton  township,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse, 
and  100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany.  It  is  2  miles  W.  of 
Morrisville  Station  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  and  is  in  a 
deep,  narrow  valley.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a 
carriage-shop,  a  national  bank,  and  a  foundry.  Hops  and 
dairy-products  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  741. 

Morrisville,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Morrisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  39. 

Morrisville,  a  post-borough  of  Bucks  cc.  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  Trenton,  30  miles  above  Philadel- 
phia. The  railroad  which  connects  these  cities  crosses  the 
river  here  on  a  bridge  1100  feet  long.  Robert  Morris  and 
the  French  Marshal  Moreau  resided  here  for  several  years. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  pottery,  2  flouring-mills,  a  nursery,  a 
toy-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1203. 

Morrisville,  or  Dot'tysburg,  a  village  in  Franklin 
township,  Greene  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Waynesburg.  It  ha« 
a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Morrisville,  a  post-village  in  Morristown  township, 
Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad  (Vermont  division),  3  miles  S.  of 
Hyde  Park,  and  about  22  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  haa 
4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  furniture,  Ac. 

Morrisville,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  about 
80  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
stores.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Mor'ro,  a  post-village  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 
Butter  and  cheese  are  exported  hence  by  steamboats. 

Morro-de-Sfto-Paulo,  moR'Ro-di-66wN<»-p6w'lo,  a 
village  of  Brazil,  on  the  N.  extremity  of  Tinhar6  Island, 
state  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Babia.  It  is  defended  by  a 
battery,  and  contains  a  church  and  a  primary  school. 

Morro- Grande^  mon'Ro-grin'di,  a  mountain-range 
of  Brazil,  which,  after  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  states  of  Goyaz  and  Minas-Geraes,  enters  the 
latter  and  becomes  the  base  of  the  chain  known  by  the 
name  of  Pyrenees. 

Morro-Grande,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Cahete.     Pop.  5000. 

Morrone,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Morone. 

Morrope,  moR^RO-pA',  a  town  near  the  N.  extremity 
of  Pern,  on  the  Leche,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific. 

Mor^rose'nian,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Morrosquillo,  mor-ros-keel'yo,  a  gulf  of  the  republio 
or  Colombia,  N.E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Mor'row,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Vernon  River,  which  rises  in  it,  by  the  East  Branch  of  the 
Whetstone  River,  and  by  Walnut  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  sugar- 
maple  abounds  in  its  forests,  which  cover  many  thousand 
acres.  This  county  has  quarries  of  sandstone  or  freestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Toledo  A  Ohio  Central  Railroad, 
the  former  of  which  connects  with  Mount  Gilead,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870, 18,583 ;  in  1880, 19,072 ;  in  1890,  18,120. 

Morrow,  a  township  of  Adair  cc.  Mo.     Pop.  877. 

Morrow,  a  post- village  in  Salem  township,  Warren  co^ 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little  Miami  and 
Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley  Railroads,  36  miles  N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  M«, 

Morrow's,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.    See  Pinevillb. 

MorroAV  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlanta  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  several  churches  and  4  stores. 

Mor'rowville,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala. 

Morrowville,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn. 

Mors,  moRS,  or  Mors5e,  moRs'S^^h,  almost  mc..s'tlh^- 
yfh,  an  island  of  Denmark,  Jutland,  in  the  Lym-Fiord. 
Length,  23  miles;  breadth,  11  miles.  Pop.  6000.  Princi- 
pal town,  Nykjobing,  on  its  E.  shore. 

M5rs,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Mbitrs. 

Morsbnrg,  moRs'bSSRO,  or  Meersbnrg,  m&Rs'bdSRO, 
a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  ConsUvncc.    Pop.  1681. 

Mdrsch,  moRsh,  a  village  of  Baden,  N.W.  of  Ettlingen. 
Pop.  2403. 

Morse,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  in  Graham  township, 


MOK 


1896 


MOS 


Johnson   oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,   Cedar  Rapids  <k 
Northern  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.B.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It 
has  a  church. 
Morse^  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas. 

Morse;  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Minn. 

Morsee*  the  German  for  Moroes,  in  Switzerland. 

Morse's  Mill)  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo..  Mo.,  about 
50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Morsevillef  Illinois.     See  Plum  River. 

MorsevillC)  morss'vll,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb. 

Morshansk,  or  Morschansk,  moR-sh&nsk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  66  miles  N.  of  Tambov,  on  the 
Zna.  Pop.  19,604,  partly  employed  in  manufactures  of 
aail-oloth,  paper,  chemicals,  lumber,  and  soap. 

Morsde,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Mors. 

Morss'ton  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Middletown.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  and  lumber.  The  products  of  many  tanneries, 
dairies,  and  saw-mills  are  shipped  here. 

Mortagne,  moR^ifi',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Nord,  arron- 
dissement  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1204. 

Mortagne,  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  25  miles  E.  of 
Alen^on.  Pop.  4302.  It  stands  on  a  steep  hill,  has  remains 
of  old  ramparts,  and  a  Gothic  church  with  a  lofty  tower. 
The  manufactures  comprise  linen  cloths,  canvas,  gloves, 
«alicoes,  and  leather. 

Mortagne-snr-Gironde,  moR't&S'-8UR-zhee'r6ND', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  arrondissement 
of  Saintes.     Pop.  1666. 

Mortagne-sur-Sfevre,  moR^tifl'-silR-saiv'r,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vendue,  on  the  Sdvre,  31  miles  N.E.  of  La 
Roche-sur-Yon,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2080. 

Mortain,  moRHis"'  (L.  Moritolium),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Manche,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Lfi.     Pop.  2185. 

Mortara,  moR-tl'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pa  via, 
on  the  Arbogna,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alessandria.  Pop. 
740S.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  noble  residences, 
public  schools,  barracks,  and  a  theatre,  but  is  nearly  de- 
serted on  account  of  the  miasma  from  its  rice-fields. 

Mortean,  moRHS',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Pontarlier.     Pop.  1946. 

Mortefontaine,  moRt^f6N<>'t&n',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Oise,  arrondissement  of  Senlis.  Here  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  France  and  the  United  States  was  signed  in  1800. 

Mor'tensburg,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  at  Fair 
Ground  Station,  2  miles  W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Morteso,  moR-ti'so,  Mortero,  moR-t&'ro,  or  Mor- 
ter»  moR-taiR',  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  off  the  coast  of 
Dalmatia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Zara.  It  is  6  miles  long  and  2 
miles  broad.  On  it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name,  sup- 
posed to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Golentum. 

Mortes,  Kio  das,  Brazil.     See  Rio  das  Mori-es. 

Mortier,  moR^te-i',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Liege,  with  several  mills  and  a  trade  in 
grain.     Pop.  1220. 

Mortier,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Motir. 

Mortizzo,  moR-tit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  Parma,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  2630. 

Mortlach,  mort'l&K,  a  parish  and  decayed  town  of  Scot- 
land, formerly  a  bishop's  see,  oo.  and  29  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Banff.  Within  the  parish  is  the  thriving  town  of  Dufftown, 
with  extensive  distilleries.     Total  pop.  3059. 

Mort'lake,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Thames,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  London,  on  the  London  <k 
Richmond  Railway.     Pop.  5119. 

Mort'lake,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  8J  miles 
N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  120. 

Mort'lock  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  N.  of  the  Solomon  Islands.  Lat.  4°  55'  S. ; 
Ion.  156°  10'  E.  There  is  another  group  of  this  name  in 
Micronesia,  about  lat.  5°  30'  N.,  Ion.  153°  E. 

Mor'ton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  2  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Gainsborough.     Pop.  681. 

Mor'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  North  Dakota. 
Area,  3168  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Missouri  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Cannonball  and 
Heart  Rivers.     Capital,  Mandan.     Pop  in  1890,  4728. 

Morton,  Cook  oo.,  IlL  See  Morton  Grove. 
Morton,  a  post-village  in  Morton  township,  Tazewell 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pekin,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1228. 

Morton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Ind.,  about  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 


Morton,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  382. 

Morton,  a  post-office  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa. 

Morton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Columbus. 

Morton,  a  post- village  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Vicks- 
burg  &,  Meridian  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery. 

Morton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  50  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Kansas  C^ty.     It  has  2  churches. 

Morton,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  794. 

Morton,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Morton,  a  post- village  in  Springfield  township,  Dela 
ware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Chester  <t  Philadelphia  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  sev- 
eral factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  S22. 

Morton,  or  White  Fish  Falls,  a  post-village  in 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  Canal,  29  miles  N.E.  of 
Kingston.     Pop.  250. 

Morton  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  12  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Morton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Morton's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Concord  towii 
ship,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Morton's  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  <fe  Southeastern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Madi- 
Bonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough -factory,  and  about  75 
houses.     Rich  coal-mines  are  worked  here. 

Morton's  Harbor,  a  fishing  village  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Twillin- 
gate.     Pop.  315. 

Morton's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  oo.,  N.C. 

Mor'tousville*  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Deer 
Creek  township.     Pop.  80. 

Mortonsvilie,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  oo.,  Ky., 
about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Mortonville,  New  York.     See  Vail's  Gate. 

Mortonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheeter  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Coates- 
ville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Mortr^e,  moRHri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  14  miles 
N.  of  Alenyon.     Pop.  1415. 

Mortsel,  moRt's^l  or  moRt^s^l',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  a,nd  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp. 

Mor'ty  Isle,  Malay  Archipelago,  is  off  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Gilolo.  Lat.  2°  N. ;  Ion.  128"  30'  E.  Length, 
60  miles ;  breadth,  25  miles.  Chief  product,  sago.  The 
Strait  of  Morty,  between  it  and  Gilolo,  is  30  miles  across. 

Mornim,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Maroiu. 

Morunibidgee,  Australia.     See  Morruubidoke. 

Morutsi,  an  African  tribe.     See  Murutsi. 

Moruttu,  Ceylon.     See  Morotto. 

Morn'ya,  a  seaport  of  New  South  Wales,  at  the  mouth 
of  Moruya  River,  150  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sydney,  in  lat.  35«» 
55'  S.  "The  port  is  open  to  the  N.E.  Silver,  quicksilver, 
and  lead  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Morvan,  moRVfis"',  an  old  division  of  France,  in  the 
Nivernais,  now  partitioned  among  the  departments  of 
Nifivre,  C6te-d'0r,  and  Sadne-et-Loire. 

MorVee',  or  Morvi,  morVee',  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  Kattywar.  Area,  1062  square  miles.  Pop.  90,616.  The 
town  of  Morvee  is  125  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Ahmedabad. 

3Ior'ven,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ballater.     Elevation,  2700  feet. 

Morven,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  10 
miles  N.  of  Helmdale.     Elevation,  3000  feet. 

Mor'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles  N . 
of  Quitman.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Morven,  a  post-township  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1385. 

Morven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  about  45 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond. 

Mor'vin,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Morzine,  moRd-zee'ni,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Le  Biot,  on  the  Dranse.     Pop.  1779. 

Mosa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Mettse. 

Mos'alem,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     P.  667. 

Mosalsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Massalse. 

Mosambique,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Mozambique. 

Mosbach,  mos'b&K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Elz,  32 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Mannheim.  Pop.  3097.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  porcelaiA 
and  paper. 

Moscha,  the  ancient  name  of  Muscat. 

Moschaisk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mozhaisk 


MOS 


1897 


MOS 


Moschel)  or  Ober  Bloschel)  o'b^r  mosh'^l,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Mentz. 

Moschenitzaj  mos-ki,-nit's&,  a  village  of  Austria,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Fiume.     P.  2037. 

Ittoschin,  mo-sheen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  of 
Posen,  circle  of  Schrimm.     Pop,  1525. 

Moschtienitz,  or  Ober  Moschtieuitz,  o'b^r 
mosh'tee-nits,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle  and  17  miles  from 
Prerau.     Pop.  1160. 

Mosciana,  mo-sh3,'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
1 0  miles  E.X.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  6323. 

Mosciska,  mos-tsees'k&,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
16  miles  E.  of  Przemysl.     Pop.  3695. 

Moscow^  mos'kS  (Russ.  Moskva,  mosk-vi';  L.  Mo»'- 
cua  or  Mog'chia;  Pr.  Moacou,  mos^koo' ;  Qer,  Moskau,mos'- 
k5w),  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  its 
own  name,  and  formerly  of  the  whole  Russian  empire,  is 
situated  on  the  Moskva,  400  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Lat.  55°  45'  21" 
N. ;  Ion.  37°  34'  E.  The  site  of  the  city  has  an  uneven, 
undulating  surface;  the  most  remarkable  elevation  being 
the  hill  near  the  centre,  on  which  the  Kremlin  stands.  This 
hill  is  nearly  of  a  triangular  shape,  and  is  surrounded  by 
an  immense  jvall,  60  feet  high,  and  about  1  mile  in  circuit. 
This  wall  is  flanked  by  embattled  towers,  and  gives  access, 
by  several  gates,  to  the  interior,  which  formed  the  original 
nucleus  of  the  city.  Immediately  to  the  E.  of  the  Krem- 
lin is  the  second  quarter,  the  Kitai  Gorod,  or  Chinese  City, 
fenced  round  by  a  wall,  which  is  flanked  with  towers. 
Around  the  Kremlin,  as  centre,  two  large  circles  have  been 
drawn,  the  inner  one  with  a  radius  of  1  mile  and  the  outer 
with  a  radius  of  IJ  miles  in  length.  The  circumference  of 
each  circle  consists  of  a  wide  belt  of  finely-planted  boule- 
vard. Moscow  is  built  with  strange  irregularity.  The 
streets,  in  general,  are  uneven  and  tortuous;  numerous 
paltry  lanes  open  all  at  once  into  magnificent  squares,  and 
long  rows  of  little  yellow  wooden  houses  abut  on  vast  colos- 
sal structures.  The  Kremlin  seems  to  rise  out  of  the  water, 
picturesquely  adorned  with  turf  and  shrubs ;  while  above 
its  snowy  wall  palaces  and  churches  rear  their  heads, 
crowned  with  cupolas  of  glittering  gold  and  silver.  Among 
the  most  interesting  and  important  buildings  is  the  old 
palace  of  the  czars,  consisting  of  four  stories,  which  dimin- 
ish in  ascending,  till  the  uppermost  contains  only  a  single 
room  and  is  surrounded  with  balconies;  the  lowest  floor 
contains  the  throne-  and  audience-chambers;  the  highest 
was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  czarinas  and  their  chil- 
dren ;  but  the  main  body  of  the  palace  was  so  much  in- 
jured by  the  French  that  its  place  has  been  supplied  by 
the  Bolchoi  Dvoretz,  or  Larger  Palace,  built  by  the  Em- 
peror Alexander, — an  immense  pile,  and  not  without  an 
imposing  effect.  Other  important  structures  are  the  Maloi 
Dvoretz,  or  Little  Palace,  built  by  the  Emperor  Nicholas, 
containing  some  interesting  pictures,  and  a  collection  of  all 
the  works  that  have  been  written  concerning  Moscow,  in 
French,  Russian,  and  German;  the  Sabernoi  Ploschad,  or 
Cathedral  Square,  situated  on  the  summit  of  the  Krem- 
lin, containing  the  cathedral  of  the  Assumption ;  and  two 
churches, — the  Arkhangelski  Sabor,  or  church  of  St.  Michael, 
and  the  Lady  of  the  Cave. 

The  cathedral  is  a  clumsy  building,  with  heavy  pillars, 
which  support  five  cupolas,  and,  like  the  walls,  glittering 
with  gold  from  top  to  bottom,  the  golden  ground  covered 
over  with  grotesque  frescoes.  Immediately  behind  the 
cathedral  is  the  House  of  the  Holy  Synod,  containing  the 
Mir,  or  Holy  Oil,  used  in  the  baptism  of  children,  and  a 
library  remarkably  rich  in  rare  manuscrrpts.  The  church 
of  St.  Michael  is  a  sombre  building,  lighted  by  windows  so 
diminutive  as  to  do  little  more  than  make  darkness  visible. 
Almost  all  the  Russian  sovereigns  down  to  Peter  the  Great 
are  buried  here ;  their  figures  are  painted  in  fresco  round 
the  walls,  each  over  against  his  own  tomb.  Immediately 
adjoining  is  an  odd-looking  church,  with  walls  of  immense 
thickness,  the  oldest  in  Moscow,  and  constantly  thronged 
with  devotees.  The  church  of  the  Annunciation  is  paved 
with  jasper,  agate,  and  carnelian.  Within  the  Kremlin 
also  is  an  immense  pile  of  buildings,  lining  the  sides  of  a 
triangle,  one  side  being  occupied  by  the  senate  and  the 
other  two  by  the  treasury  and  arsenal.  The  upper  story 
of  the  treasury  contains  the  crowns  of  the  early  czars, 
arranged  in  regular  succession,  several  thrones,  warlike 
trophies,  and  miscellaneous  curiosities.  The  arsenal  con- 
tains 100,000  stand  of  arms,  the  cannon  taken  from  the 
French  during  their  disastrous  retreat,  and  numerous  other 
military  trophies.  Nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  buildings 
of  the  Kremlin  is  the  Ivan  Veliki,  or  Tower  of  John  the 
'j^reat,  which  rises  to  the  height  of  209  feet,  and  is  sur- 
120 


mounted  by  a  gilded  dome,  on  which  the  cross  is  displayed 
above  the  crescent.  It  amply  rewards  the  toil  of  ascent  by 
the  magnificent  view  which  it  commands.  It  consists  of 
several  stories,  in  each  of  which  luings  a  stupendous  bell, 
one  of  them  weighing  64  tons.  Another  bell,  nearly  trebling 
this  enormous  weight,  called  Czar  Kolokol,  stands  at  the 
bottom  of  the  tower,  on  a  pedestal  of  granite,  to  which  it 
was  raised  in  1837  by  the  Emperor  Nicholas,  after  having 
remained  for  a  century  buried  on  the  spot  into  which  it  is 
said  to  have  fallen  when  the  tower  in  which  it  was  sus- 
pended was  burned.  Its  height  is  21.3  feet,  diameter  22.5 
feet,  and  least  thickness  3  inches.  A  huge  fragment  was 
broken  from  it  by  the  fall.  Immediately  to  the  E.  of  the 
Kremlin  stands,  in  the  Krasnoi  Ploschad,  or  Red  Place,  the 
cathedral  of  St.  Basil,  with  20  towers  and  domes,  all  of 
different  shapes  and  sizes  and  colored  over  with  the  most 
varied  hues.  The  architect  was  an  Italian,  and  so  pleased 
his  employer,  Ivan  the  Terrible,  that  the  savage  despot 
put  out  his  eyes,  in  order  that  he  might  never  be  able  to 
build  another  like  it. 

It  is  scarcely  possible  to  state  the  number  of  churches 
in  Moscow,  but  one  cannot  traverse  a  street  in  which 
clustering  domes  and  minarets  do  not  meet  the  eye.  The 
number  of  monasteries,  also,  is  very  great.  Those  most 
deserving  of  notice  are  the  Donskoi,  situated  near  the  S. 
barrier,  surrounded  with  ancient  walls,  and  containing 
within  its  enclosure  6  churches  and  chapels,  several  courts, 
and  dwellings  for  the  Archimandrite  and  monks ;  the  Semi- 
novskoi,  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  the  wall,  near  where  the 
Moskva  leaves  it;  and  the  Devitchei  convent,  at  the  S.W. 
corner,  with  walls  flanked  by  16  towers.  Close  to  this  con- 
vent is  the  Devitchei-foll,  or  Maidens'  Field,  where  the 
emperors  on  their  coronation  entertain  their  subjects. 

Among  educational  establishments  the  only  one  deserving 
of  particular  notice  is  the  university,  established  by  the 
Empress  Catherine  in  1755.  It  consists  of  4  faculties,  and 
is  attended  by  about  900  students.  Its  scientific  collections 
are  tolerably  rich  in  anatomical  preparations.  In  connection 
with  it  are  a  gymnasium,  a  library,  an  observatory,  a  botanic 
garden,  &c.  Among  the  benevolent  establishments  are  the 
Alexander  Hospital  and  St.  Catherine's  Hospital,  both  near 
the  N.  barrier,  another  hospital  of  St,  Catherine,  near 
the  N.E.  corner,  2  military  hospitals  in  the  E.,  a  widows' 
hospital  in  the  W.,  and  St.  Paul's  Hospital  and  the  Galitzin 
Hospital  in  the  S.  Another  hospital,  the  Foundling,  sit- 
uated on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Moskva,  a  little  to  the  E.  of 
the  Kitai  Gorod,  has  acquired  more  celebrity  than  all  the 
rest.  The  number  actually  in  the  house,  or  supported  in 
some  way  or  other  by  the  institution,  is  upwards  of  25,000. 
Among  other  buildings  or  places  worthy  of  notice  are  the 
great  riding-school,  to  the  W.  of  the  Kremlin,  supposed  to 
be  the  largest  building  in  the  world  unsupported  by  pil- 
lar or  prop  of  any  kind ;  the  principal  bazaar,  or  Gostinnoi 
Dvor,  a  colossal  building  of  three  stories,  where  wholesale 
merchants  to  the  number  of  more  than  1000  regularly  carry 
on  their  trade ;  the  Riadi,  an  open  space  in  the  same  vicinity, 
occupied  by  narrow  streets  of  shops ;  the  barracks,  along 
the  E.  side  of  the  inner  boulevard ;  and  the  race-course,  a 
large  oval,  elongated  N.  and  S.,  and  almost  touching  the  S. 
barrier.  The  number  of  open  and  planted  spaces  through- 
out the  city  is  very  great. 

Manufactures  of  various  kinds  are  carried  on  to  a  great 
extent  within  the  city.  The  principal  establishments  are 
for  textile  fabrics,  chiefly  woollen,  cotton,  and  silk,  in  all 
of  which  much  steam-power  and  the  most  improved  ma- 
chinery are  employed.  The  other  principal  articles  are 
hats,  hardware,  leather,  chemical  products,  beer,  and  brandy. 
From  its  central  position,  Moscow  is  the  great  entrepftt  for 
the  internal  commerce  of  the  empire.  Great  facilities  for 
this  commerce  are  given  by  water  communication,  which 
extends  on  one  side  to  the  Baltic,  on  another  to  the  Cas- 
pian, and  on  a  third  to  the  Black  Sea,  and  by  the  important 
railways  which  centre  here.  In  winter  the  traffic  over  the 
snow  in  sledges  is  enormous. 

Moscow,  for  administrative  purposes,  is  under  the  charge 
of  a  general  and  military  governor.  It  is  the  seat  of  im- 
portant civil  and  criminal  courts,  and  of  various  superin- 
tending boards  of  police,  manufactures,  trades,  Ac,  and  has 
several  literary,  scientific,  and  other  societies.  The  foun- 
dation of  the  city  dates  from  1147.  Its  nucleus  was  the 
Kremlin,  which  at  first  formed  an  important  military  sta 
tion.  For  a  long  time  it  continued  to  be  a  dependency  on 
the  principality  of  Vladimeer,  and  in  1238,  when  Baton 
Khan  devastated  Russia,  it  was  sacked  and  burned.  In 
1293  it  was  again  sacked,  and  the  inhabitants  were  carried 
away  into  slavery  by  Khan  Nagai.  Dimitri,  surnamed 
Donskoi,  became  its  sole  master,  and  died  in   1339,  after 


MOS 


1898 


MOS 


having  done  more  for  its  prosperity  than  any  one  into  whose 
hands  it  had  previously  fallen.  From  this  time  its  pros- 
perity continued  to  advance,  though  not  without  repeated 
interruptions.  It  now  became  the  capital  of  Muscovy,  and 
afterwards  of  the  whole  Russian  Empire,  but  was  deprived 
of  this  honor  in  1703,  when  St.  Petersburg  was  founded 
and  became  the  royal  residence.  It  still,  however,  possesses 
all  the  grandeur  and  many  of  the  other  features  of  a  capi- 
tal. Many  of  the  nobility  reside  in  it,  and  both  in  salu- 
brity and  in  central  position  it  possesses  advantages  which 
no  political  preference  can  ever  confer  on  St.  Petersburg. 
The  principal  event  in  the  history  of  Moscow  is  the  burn- 
ing of  it  in  1812  for  the  purpose  of  dislodging  the  French 
from  their  winter-quarters.  Pop.  in  1840,  349,068;  in 
1858,  336,370 ;  in  1871,  601,969 ;  in  1882,  760,867. 

Moscow^  one  of  the  most  important  and  populous  of 
the  governments  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  64°  50' 
and  56°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  34°  50'  and  38°  50'  E.,  enclosed  by 
the  governments  of  Tver,  Vladimeer,  Riazan,  Toola,  Ka- 
looga,  and  Smolensk.  Area,  12,609  square  miles.  Pop. 
J, 913,^99.  Its  surface  is  an  extended  plain  with  few  undu- 
lations; principal  rivers,  the  Eliasma,  Protwa,  and  Moskva 
(or  Moskwa),  aflSuents  of  the  Volga,  and  the  Oka.  Soil 
very  fertile,  but  the  corn  produced  is  insufficient  for  home 
consumption.  Cattle-  and  horse-breeding  are  actively  car- 
ried on.  The  manufactures  are  extensive  and  very  varied, 
embracing  woollen,  cotton,  and  silken  fabrics,  carpets,  gold- 
and  silver- wares,  paper,  Ac.  Next  to  Moscow,  the  principal 
towns  are  Kolomna  and  Dmitrov. 

Moscow*  mds'kS,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamar  oo.,  Ala., 
about  62  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.    It  has  2  ohorches. 

Mo8COW«  a  city  of  Idaho,  capital  of  Latah  oo.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads,  96  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Spokane.  It  contains  6  churches,  4  banks, 
a  high  school,  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors,  4  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  state  university.     Pop.  3500. 

Mo  SCOW)  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  III. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rook 
Creek,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stone-qnarry. 

Moscow,  a  post- village  in  Moscow  township,  Muscatine 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Daven- 
port, and  about  10  miles  N.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  346 ; 
of  the  township,  794. 

MoscOAV,  a  post-village  of  Hickman  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus, 
and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Cairo,  111.     Pop.  350. 

Moscow,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river  Kennebec,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norridge- 
wock.    Pop.  528. 

Moscow,  a  post- village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in  Mos- 
cow township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Hillsdale,  and  55  miles 
S.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  and  a  union  school.  Pop.  nearly  300 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1183.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit, 
Hillsdale  <&  Southwestern  Railroad. 

Moscow,  a  post-township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
609.  Moscow  Post-Office  is  at  the  outlet  of  Rice  Lake,  7 
or  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin,  and  nearly  2  miles  N.  of  the 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad. 

Moscow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gallatin  township.  Clay  co., 
Mo.,  9  or  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Moscow,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss. 

Moscow,  a  post- village  in  Leicester  township,  Livings- 
ton CO.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Genesee  River.     It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  245. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Cler- 
mont CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati, and  18  miles  S.  of  Batavia.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
banking-house,  a  brewery,  a  nursery,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  591. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Lacka- 
wanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
lumber-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Moscow,  a  hamlet  in  Hopkinton  township,  Washington 
00.,  R.I.,  1|  miles  from  Hope  Valley.  It  has  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  cotton. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Wolf 
River,  and  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroaxl,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Somerville  Branch,  39  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles  B. 
of  Trinity  Station,  and  about  120  miles  N.  of  Gkilveston. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs. 


Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  12  mile» 
N.  of  Staunton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Moscow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moscow  township,  Iowa  oo., 
Wis.,  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  927. 

Moscow  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Moscow  Mills,  Morgan  co.,  0.    See  Centbeville. 

Mosdok,  or  Mozdok,  mos-dok',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Terek,  63  miles  E.S.E.  of  Georgievsk,  on  a 
height  above  the  Terek.  It  is  strongly  fortified  by  nature, 
being  accessible  only  on  two  sides,  and  has  been  strength- 
ened by  art.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic,  a  Greek,  and  an 
Armenian  church,  a  hospital,  a  merchant-house,  a  quar- 
antine establishment,  and  manufactures  of  morocco  leather 
and  brandy.     Pop.  10,000. 

Mose,  mo'si,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  Archipelago,  N. 
of  Timor  Laut.  Lat.  6°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  131°  30'  E.  It  is  10 
miles  in  circuit. 

Moseirah,  an  island  of  Arabia.    See  Massbra. 

Mosel,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Moselle. 

Mosel,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mosul. 

Mo'sel,  or  Moselle,  mo^z^l',  a  post-township  of  Sne 
boygan  co.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan.    Pop.  1063.    It  con 
tains   Mosel  Station   on   the   Milwaukee,    Lake  Shore   & 
Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Sheboygan. 

Mos'elem  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  town- 
ship, Berks  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  N.  of  Fleetwood  Station,  which 
is  Hi  miles  N.E.  of  Reading. 

Moseley  (moz'le)  Hall,  post-office,  Madison  oo.,  Flau 

Moseley's  (moz'liz)  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  landing 
of  Union  parish.  La.,  on  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne,  24  milet 
N.W.  of  Monroe. 

Moselle,  mo^zSl'  (Ger.  Mo$el,  mo'zQl;  anc.  Moael'la)^ 
a  river  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Europe,  rises  in  the  S.E.  of  the 
department  of  Vosges,  France,  passes  Remiremont,  Epinal, 
Toul,  Frouard,  Pont-^-Mousson,  Metz,  and  Diedenhofen, 
separates  Luxemburg  from  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  joins  the 
Rhine  on  the  left  of  Coblentz.  It  is  navigable  from  its 
confluence  with  the  Meurtbe  near  Frouard.  Chief  affluents 
in  France,  the  Meurtbe  and  the  Seille  on  the  right,  and, 
in  Prussia,  the  Sarre  on  the  right  and  the  Sure  and  Elz  on 
the  left.     Total  course,  tortuously  N.N.E.,  328  miles. 

Moselle,  France.    See  Meurthe-et-Moselle. 

Moselle,  mo-z^l'  (local  pron.  mo'z^l),  a  post-village  of 
Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  in  Central  township,  on  the  Marameo 
River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  and  a 
tobacco-factory.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Moselle,  Wisconsin.    See  Mosel. 

Mo'selm,  a  post- village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Riohmond 
township,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Iron  ore  is  mined  here. 

Moserville,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.    See  Mossebville. 

Mo'ses  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  oo.,  W.  Va. 
.   Moses  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Fort  Edward.    It  has  a 
boat-yard  and  2  groceries. 

Moshaisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mozhaisk. 

Moshan'non,  or  Mushan'non,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  Mushannon  Creek,  and  on  an  extension 
of  the  Bellefonte  <fc  Snow  Shoe  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of 
Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Moshannon,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Osceola.     Here  is  Sobieski  Post-Office. 

Moshas'suck  Valley,  a  village  of  Lincoln  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Sayles  Bleacherv 
Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  160. 

Mosheim,  moz'him,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
2  miles  from  Midway  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Mos- 
heim Institute,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  flour,  and 
lumber. 

Mo'sherville,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  <k  Saginaw  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mosherville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  foundry  and 
a  plough-factory. 

Mo'sherville,  or  Middle  Kennetcook,  a  post- 
village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  6i  miles  from  New})ort. 

Moshkova,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mutshkova. 

Mosiertown,  mo'zh§r-t6wn,  a  post-village  in  Cusse- 
wage  township,  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.  by  W 
of  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  o 
carriage-shop. 


MOS 


1899 


MOS 


Mosinee^  mo^ze-nee',  a  post-village  of  Marathon  co., 
Wis.,  in  Mosinee  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on 
the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  below  Wausau, 
and  100  miles  N.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  tannery,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  544. 

Mosing,  mo'zing,  a  post-ofBce  of  Pocahontas  oo.,  W.  Va. 

MoskaU)  the  German  name  of  Moscow. 

MoskeneesdC)  mos'kQh-n&s^o'Qh,  the  southernmost  of 
the  Loffoden  Islands,  Norway.  Lat.  67°  50'  N.  Length, 
15  miles;  breadth,  8  miles.  Immediately  S.  of  it  is  the 
current  called  the  Maelstrom.     See  Loffoden. 

Moskonisi,  mos-ko-nee'see,  an  island  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Adramyti,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Mitylene. 
Length,  4i  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  and  has  on  its  S. 
side  the  village  of  Mosko,  with  trade  in  fruit  and  cotton. 

Moskva,  mosk'vi,  or  Moskwa  (Russ.  pron.  mosk-^i'), 
a  river  of  Russia,  traverses  the  government  of  Moscow  from 
W.  to  E.,  passing  Moscow,  Mozhaisk  (Mojaisk),  and  Bron- 
nitza,  and  joins  the  Oka  at  Kolomna.  Total  course,  200 
miles.  The  battle  of  Borodino,  called  by  the  French  the 
battle  of  Moskva,  was  fought  on  the  Kolotza,  an  affluent  of 
the  Moskva,  Sept.  7,  1812.    See  Borodino  ;  also  Moscow. 

Mos'ley,  a  chapelry  of  England,  oo.  of  Worcester,  with 
a  station  on  the  Bristol  &  Birmingham  Railway,  3  miles  S. 
of  Birmingham. 

Mosley,  a  town  of  England.    See  Mosslet. 

Mosoncze,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Mossocz. 

Mosony,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Wieselburo. 

Mosquerela,  mos-ki-r&'l&,  a  walled  town  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Teruel,  with  a  church. 

Mosqnitia.    See  Mosquito  Territory. 

Mosquito,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.   Pop.  1270. 

Mosquito,  mps-kee'to,  a  village  of  Newfoundland,  li 
miles  from  Harbor  Grace.     Pop.  348. 

Mosquito  (mQs-kee'to)  Creek,  Georgia,  enters  the 
Ocmulgee  River  in  Pulaski  co. 

Mosquito  Creek,  Indiana,  enters  the  Ohio  in  Har- 
rison CO. 

Mosquito  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.W.  direction  through  Pottawattamie  co.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  about  13  miles  below  Omaha.     Length,  90  miles. 

Mosquito  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Ashtabula  co.,  runs 
southward  in  Trumbull  co.,  and  enters  the  Mahoning  River 
about  9  miles  above  Youngstown. 

Mosquito  (m9s-kee'to)  Territory,  called  also  Mos- 
qnitia, mos-kee'she-a,  and  Mosquito  Coast,  a  region 
of  Nicaragua,  occupying  the  N.E.  projection  of  Central 
America,  between  lat.  11°  and  16°  N.  and  Ion.  83°  10'  and 
86°  W.,  and  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  S. 
by  Costa  Rica,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  San 
Juan,  S.W.  by  Nicaragua,  and  W.  by  Honduras.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  in  the  W.,  being  traversed  by  a  lofty 
chain  which  stretches  across  the  country  in  a  N.  direction 
and  furnishes  the  sources  of  all  its  important  rivers.  The 
largest  of  these  rivers  are  the  Tinto  or  Wanx,  forming  the 
boundary  of  the  territory  on  the  N.,  and  the  Escondido  or 
Segovia.  The  soil  is  remarkably  fertile,  producing  in 
abundance  all  the  staples  of  the  West  Indies,  large  quan- 
tities of  mahogany  and  other  cabinet  timber,  dye-woods, 
drugs,  <&c.  The  climate  along  the  coasts  is  hot,  humid, 
and  unhealthy ;  on  the  highlands  it  is  cool  and  salubrious. 
Valuable  minerals  are  said  to  abound  in  the  interior,  and 
along  the  coast  tortoise-shell  of  the  finest  quality  is  obtained. 
The  Mosquito  Indians,  almost  the  only  inhabitants,  are  an 
active  and  daring  race,  tolerably  expert  in  the  use  of  fire- 
arms. They  are  partly  of  African  descent,  are  said  to  be 
under  a  chief  called  the  Mosquito  King,  and  are  nominally 
subject  to  the  government  of  Nicaragua.  Chief  town, 
Bluefields. 

Moss,  moss,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  stift  of  Aggers- 
huus,  on  a  fiord,  32  miles  S.  of  Christiania.  Pop.  3132. 
In  its  vicinity  are  extensive  iron-mines. 

Mossalsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Massalsk. 

Mossamedes,  mos-sS,-mi'dds,  a  district  of  the  Portu- 
guese colony  of  Angola,  West  Africa,  with  a  well-built  town 
and  a  fine  harbor,  170  miles  S.  of  Benguela. 

Moss  Bank,  a  station  in  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Paris  &  Danville  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis, 
Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Danville. 

Moss  Bluff,  a  post-oflce  of  Marion  oo.,  Fla.,  about  60 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Gainesville. 

Moss  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Liberty  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  12  miles  below  Liberty.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Mos'sel  Bay,  or  Aliwal  (il-e-wil')  South,  a  town 
and  port  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  on  Mossel  Bay,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Georgetown.     Pop.  1361. 


Moss^end',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  iron-works  and  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  1501. 

Mos'serrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lynn  township,  1  mile  from  New  Tripoli  Station,  which  if 
31  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Mo 8 set,  mos^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6e8-OrieB- 
tales,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Prades.     Pop.  1208. 

Mossingen,  mos'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Steinlach,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Reutlingen. 
Pop.  2659,  or,  including  Belsen,  3659. 

Mos'singford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  84  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Mosskirch,  moss'klRS,  a  town  of  Baden,  24  miles  N. 
of  Constance.  Pop.  2134.  Here  the  French,  under  Mo- 
reau,  defeated  the  Austrians,  under  Kray,  May  5,  1800. 

Mosskirch,  a  market-town  of  Styria,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Gratz. 

Moss'ley,  or  Mos'ley,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of 
Lancaster,  Chester,  and  York,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Old- 
ham.    It  has  cotton-mills.     Pop.  (1891)  14,162. 

Mossley,  a  chapelry  of  England.    See  Moslet. 

Moss  Neck,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  tue 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  76  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Wilmington. 

Moss  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  Rappahannock,  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Guiney's  Station. 

Mossocz,  mosh^shots',  or  Mosoncze,  mo^shont'si^ 
a  town  of  Hungary,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  1762. 

Mosso  Santa  Maria,  mos'so  s3.n't&  m&-ree'&,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Biella. 

Mossoul,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Mosul. 

Moss  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  ou 
the  Pascagoula  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Escatawpa,  4 
miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  15  large  steam 
saw-mills,  3  planing-mills,  a  foundry,  lath-  and  shingle- 
mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Moss  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  AYashington  co.,  0.,  4  milet 
E.  of  Caywood  Station,  which  is  7  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  coal-banks. 

Moss  Side,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  1  mile 
S.  of  Manchester,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  5311. 

Moss  Side,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Moss  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas. 

Moss'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  on  Peoria 
Lake,  and  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mos'sy  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Tenn., 
is  near  the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia &  Georgia  Railroad,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  Baptist  college,  a  female  institute,  a ' 
cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Mossy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Mossy  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington. 

Mostaganem,  mos-t&-g&-ndm',  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  47i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oran,  about  li  miles 
from  the  Mediterranean.  It  possesses  strong  military  workx 
and  ample  accommodation  for  troops.  It  has  manufactures 
of  carpets,  coverlets,  woollen  cloaks,  and  jewelry,  and  a 
considerable  trade  with  the  interior.     Pop.  5818. 

Mostar,  mosHar'  ("old  bridge"),  a  walled  city,  the 
chief  town  of  Herzegovina,  on  the  Narenta.  Lat.  43°  24' 
N. ;  Ion.  17°  58'  E.  Pop.  7300.  Mostar  is  celebrated  for 
its  old  Roman  bridge,  a  single  arch  of  95  feet  span.  The 
houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  roofed  with  slabs.  Chief  ex- 
ports, hides,  wool,  fruit,  wax,  tallow,  and  cattle. 

Mostardas,  mos-taR'dis,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Porto  Alegre,  with 
a  church.     Pop.  3000. 

Mostoles,  mos-to'lde,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1321. 

Mostrim,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Edoeworthstowh. 

Mos'tyn,  a  village  of  North  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Dee,  about  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Holywell,  with 
a  station  on  the  Chester  &  Holyhead  Railway.  Pop.  2022. 
Steamers  ply  hence  to  Liverpool. 

Mosul,  Mosel,  mo'siil  or  moo'sol,  or  El  Mosul, 
written  also  Mousul,  Mousel,  and  Mossoul,  a  large 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tigris,  220  miles  N.W.  of 
Bagdad.  Its  principal  ornaments  are  a  college,  the  tomb 
of  Sheik  Abdul  Kassin,  and  the  remains  of  a  beautiful 
mosque,  with  a  fine  minaret.  The  cofi'ee-houses,  baths, 
khans,  and  bazaars  are  also  handsome  buildings,  and  in 
point  of  trade  it  is  chiefly  a  thoroughfare  for  the  traffic 


MOS 


1900 


MOU 


uetween  Bagdad,  Syria,  and  Constantinople.  It  has,  bow- 
er er,  considerable  commercial  intercourse  with  the  interior 
of  Koordistan.  Its  principal  manufactures  are  napkins 
and  other  cotton  stuffs,  sucn  as  chintz  shawls  for  turoans, 
and  calicoes,  and  it  was  formerly  celebrated  also  for  its  mua- 
lina  (which  word  is  derived  from  Mosul).  The  climate  is 
extremely  hot  in  summer,  and  the  winters  are  mild.  In 
the  vicinity  are  several  warm  sulphur  springs,  also  some 
extensive  quarries  of  marble,  and  near  by,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  river,  are  the  remains  of  ancient  Nineveh.  The  city 
has  been  repeatedly  devastated  by  famine  and  plague.  Pop. 
estimated  at  40,000. 

Mosul,  Mosel,  or  El  Mosal,  a  district  or  sanjak  in 
the  vilayet  of  Bagdad,  Asiatic  Turkey,  comprising  the  most 
part  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  between  lat.  35°  30'  and  38° 
N.,  and  from  Ion.  42°  eastward  to  the  border  of  Persia, 
having  on  other  sides  the  pashalics  of  Van,  Diarbekir,  and 
Bagdad.  Surface  mountainous,  especially  in  the  N.  and  E. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Tigris,  and  its  affluents,  the  Great  and 
Little  Zab,  and  the  Khaboor.  Besides  Mosul,  the  capital. 
It  comprises  the  town  of  Arbil  (Arbela)  and  the  ruined  Al- 
Hadhr.     Pop.  145,291. 

Mosnlla,  mo-siil'Ii,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Qhi- 
lan,  35  miles  W.  of  Reshd.     Pop.  2000. 

Mosiir)  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.    See  Moztk. 

Moszlavina,  mos8-l&-vee'n&,  a  village  of  Slavonia,  oo. 
of  Verocz,  on  the  Drave,  about  20  miles  from  Siklos. 

Mota  del  Cuervo,  mo'ti  dSl  kwfiR'vo,  a  town  of  Spain, 

Srovince  and  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca,  on  the  road  from 
[adrid  to  Valencia.     Pop.  3529. 

Mota  del  Marques,  mo't&  ddl  man'kSs,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Leon,  27  miles  "W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1817. 

Motagua,  mo-t&'gw&,  a  river  of  Guatemala  and  Hon- 
duras, rises  near  Quezaltenango,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Hon- 
duras, 15  miles  W.  of  Omoa.  In  its  upper  part  it  has  nu- 
merous rapids  and  cataracts. 

Motala,  mo-t&'lS,,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Linkoping,  at  the  influx  of  the  Motala  River 
into  Lake  Wetter.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

MoHeeha'ree,  or  Motihari,  mo-tee-hi'ree,  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  the  Chumparun  district,  lat.  26°  39' 
46"  N.,  Ion.  84°  57.5'  E.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.  It 
has  a  jail,  an  indigo-factory,  a  dispensary,  <feo.     Pop.  8266. 

Moth'er  aud  Daughters,  or  Stap'pen,  a  group 
of  islets  of  Norway,  not  far  from  the  North  Cape,  and  off 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mageroe.  They  consist  of 
a  central  island,  rising  precipitously  to  a  great  height,  and 
three  others,  also  precipitous. 

Moth'erbank,  off  the  S.  coast  of  England,  oo.  of 
Hants,  is  a  shoal  between  the  mainland  and  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  forming  the  N.W.  boundary  of  Spithead. 

Moth'erwell,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark, 
at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has 
extensive  iron-works  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  6043. 

Motherwell,  muTH'§r-w51,  a  post- village  in  Perth  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Mary's.     Pop.  100. 

Mothe  Saint-H6ray,  La,  li  mot  siu^-hi^ri',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  department  of  Deux-Sdvres,  on  the  SSvre- 
Niorteise,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1932. 

Motier,  mo'teer  or  mo-teer',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendle- 
ton CO.,  Ky.,  near  the  Ohio  River,  about  26  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Covington. 

Motiers  Travers,  moHe-i'  triVaiR',  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Neufchatel, 
inhabited  by  watch-  and  lace-makers.     Pop.  1190. 

Motihari,  India.    See  Moteehabee. 

Motilla  del  Palancan,  mo-ted'yi  d£l  pi-lin-k&n', 
a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2556. 

Motir,  mo-teer',  or  Mortier,  mor-teer',  a  small  fertile 
island  of  the  Moluccas,  Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  Tidor. 

Mot'ley,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
some  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Red  River.  Area,  1080 
square  miles.     Pop,  in  1890, 139. 

Motley,  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  on  Crow 
Wing  River,  and  on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  137  miles 
W.  of  Duluth. 

Motley's  Depot,  apost-office  of  Pittsylvania  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  Midland  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Motola,  mo'to-14,  or  Mottola,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Lecce,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  5765. 

Motougou,  Feejee  Islands.    See  Matookoo. 

Motrico,  mo-tree'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  Guipuzooa,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  2171. 

Motril,  mo-treel',  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Granada,  about  1  mile  from 
the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  34'  W.  It  is 
irrogularly  built,  has  a  town  house,  granary,  and  collegiate 


church,  all  in  the  great  square,  also  barracks,  a  nunnery 
with  a  pretty  church,  several  suppressed  convents,  whose 
churches  are  used  as  chapels  of  ease,  and  various  schools. 
By  the  port  of  Motril  is  generally  understood  that  of  Cala- 
honda,  distant  2  leagues,  and  the  roads  of  Baradero,  where 
vessels  under  600  tons  load  and  unload,  and  which  are  de- 
fended by  a  castle.  Motril  is  the  depot  for  the  exports  and 
imports  of  the  provinces  of  Granada  and  Jaen.  The  chief 
exports  are  oil,  figs,  raisins,  oranges,  wine,  brandy,  corks, 
esparto,  lead,  antimony,  dye-wood,  &c.  There  are  manu- 
factures of  sugar,  soap,  pottery,  coarse  cottons,  flour,  and 
oil.     Pop.  10,858. 

Mott,  a  hamlet  of  Angelina  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Angelina 
River,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Jasper.  It  has  a  church,  2 
sugar-mills,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Motta  Carnastra,  mot'ti  kaR-n&s'tr&,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  province  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Messina,  near  the 
N.E.  side  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  1960. 

Motta-de-Couti,  mot'ta-di-kon'tee,  a  village  of 
Italy,  9  miles  from  Vercelli.     Pop.  1479. 

Motta  del  Friuli,  mot'ti  dfil  free'oo-le,  a  town  of 
Italy,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Treviso,  on  the  Livenza.  Pop.  5677. 

Mottaferno,  mot^ti-fjR'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  Messina, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Mistretta.     Pop.  2310. 

Motta  San  Giovanni,  mot'ti  s&n  jo-v3,n'nee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  3323. 

Motta  Santa  Anastasia ,  mot'ta,  s&n'tfi.  &.-n&s-ti,'se-&, 
a  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  2869. 

Motta  Santa  Lucia,  mot't&  s&n'ti  loo-chee'i,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Nicastro.     P.  1938. 

Motta  Yisconti,  mot'ti  vis-kon'tee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  N.W.  of  Pavia,  near  the  Ticino.     Pop.  2316. 

Motte,  La,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  Motte. 

Motter's,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Motte  Servollex,  mott  sfiRVorii',  a  village  of  Savoy, 
4  miles  N.AV.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  584. 

Motte  Saint- Jean.    See  La  Motte  Saint-Jean. 

Mott  Ha'ven,  a  village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Harlem  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &, 
Harlem  Railroad,  5  miles  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot  in 
New  York.  It  has  several  churches  and  manufactures  of 
iron  and  steel. 

Mottling,  mott'ling  (L.  Metulum),  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Carniola,  on  the  Eulpa,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neustadtl. 

Mottola,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Motola. 

Mot'tram-in-Long'den-Dale,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Chester,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manchester.  It 
consists  of  a  long  and  well-paved  street,  with  houses  gener- 
ally of  stone  or  slated,  a  grammar-  and  other  schools, 
print-works,  and  several  large  cotton-factories.    Pop.  2590. 

Blott's,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  600. 

Mott's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Effingham  Station.    It  has  iron-works,  Ac. 

Mott's  Cor'ners,  a  post-village  in  Caroline  township, 
Tompkins  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Six  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad 
which  connects  Ithaca  with  Elmira,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Ithaca.  It  has  2  flouring-mills,  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and 
a  woollen-mill. 

Mott's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Opelika  and  Columbus,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Columbus,  Ga. 

Mott'ville,  a  post- village  in  Mottville  township,  St. 
Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  about  40  milea 
S.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elkhart,  Ind. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves.  The  town- 
ship is  traversed  by  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  724. 

Mottville,  a  post-village  in  Skaneateles  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  outlet  of  Skaneateles  Lake,  and 
on  the  Skaneateles  Railroad,  2^  miles  from  Skaneateles, 
and  about  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  633. 

Motuca,  or  Motyca,  Italy.    See  Mosica. 

Motupe,  mo-too'pi,  a  town  of  Peru,  province  of  Lam- 
bayeque,  33  miles  N.  of  Jayanca.     Pop.  4000. 

Motupilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mootapillt. 

Mouab,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Mooab. 

Moudauia,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Moodania. 

Moudon,moo^d6n<»'  (Ger.  Milden,  mil'd^n  ;  anc.  Mini- 
dunum),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lausanne. 

Moukden,  a  city  of  China.    See  Mookden. 

Moukden,  a  province  of  China.     See  Leao-Tono. 

Moulaming,  Burmah.    See  Maolmain. 

Moule,  Le,  l^h  mool,  a  town  of  the  French  colony  of 
Guadeloupe,  with  a  port  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Grande-Terra 
Pop.  10,021. 


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1901  MOU 


Moulinette^Stormont  CO., Ontario.  SeeMiLLG  Roches. 

Moulin Sf  moo^l&N*',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Allier,  on  the  Allier,  178  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Paris.  Pop.  21,122.  It  has  2  large  squares  adorned  with 
handsome  fountains.  Principal  public  buildings,  the  ca- 
thedral, never  completed,  a  modern  town  hall,  court-house, 
national  college,  2  large  hospitals,  an  old  castle,  a  small 
theatre,  a  public  library,  picture-gallery,  public  baths,  and 
large  cavalry  barracks.  In  the  suburbs  along  the  river  are 
well-planted  walks.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of 
a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  and 
societies  of  natural  history  and  fine  arts.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cutlery,  silk,  leather,  and  cotton,  glass-polishing- 
works,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  grain,  wine,  raw  silk,  timber, 
and  live-stock.  It  owes  its  name  (which  signifies  "  mills") 
to  the  great  number  of  watermills  formerly  on  the  Allier. 
Marshal  Villars  and  the  Duke  of  Berwick,  natural  son  of 
James  II.,  were  born  here. 

MouIinS)  France.     See  Le3  Moulins. 

Moulins  Engilbert,  mooM&N<>'  &s<>^zheerbaiR',  a  town 
of  France,  in  NiSvre,  on  the  Moulins,  30  miles  E.  of  Nevers. 
It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  earthenware,  and  leather. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2978. 

iVloulmein,  or  Moulmaiu.    See  Macluain. 

Monltan,  a  city  of  India.     See  Mooltan. 

MoultoU)  mol't9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Florence,  and  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  and  3  churches. 

Moulton,  a  former  village  of  Shelby  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,!  mile  W.of  Shelby ville. 
Pop.  106.     It  is  now  a  part  of  Shelby  ville. 

Moulton,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Ottumwa,  and  100  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Burlington.  It 
IS  mostly  in  Washington  township.  It  has  a  newspaper 
of&ce,  2  banks,  a  normal  and  high  school,  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  753. 

Moulton,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Shelby  co..  Mo. 

Moalton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moulton  township,  Auglaize 
CO.,  0.,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Lima,  and  2  miles  from 
Moulton  Station.  The  township,  which  is  drained  by  the 
Auglaize  River,  is  4  miles  W.  of  Wapakoneta.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1252.  Moulton  Station  on  the  Lake 
Erie  k  Louisville  Railroad  is  4  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Mary's. 

itfoultoii)  a  post-village  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  S  miles 
S.W.  of  Flatonia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Moultonborough)  mol'tpn-bur-riih,  a  post-village 
of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  in  Moultonborough  township,  about 
42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  and  on  the  W.  by  Squam  Lake. 
It  presents  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1299. 

Juoultonville,  mol'tpn-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ossipee,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the 
Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  <&  Conway  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Moultrie )  mSl'tree,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part 
:>f  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is 
traversed  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Kaskaskia  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Terre 
Haute  &  Peoria  Railroad,  the  Chicago  k  Eastern  Illinois 
Railroad,  and  the  Peoria,  Decatur  k  Evansville  Railroad. 
Capitol,  Sullivan.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,699;  in  1890, 14,481. 

Moultriey  a  post-village,  capital  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Ocopilco,  near  its  source,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Moultrie^  a  post-office  and  station  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cleveland  k  Pittsburg  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Cleveland. 

Moultrieville*  mol'tree-vil,  a  post-village  of  Charles- 
ton CO.,  S.C.,  is  on  Charleston  harbor,  about  8  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Charleston,  and  2  miles  from  Fort  Sumter. 

Monna  Roa,  Hawaii.    See  Mauna  Loa. 

Mound,  a  township  of  Effingham  co..  111.  Pop.  1211. 
It  contains  Gilmore. 

Mound,  a  township  of  McDonough  co..  111.    Pop.  1350. 

Mound,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  394. 

Mound,  a  township  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.    P.  267. 

Mound,  a  townslup  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  551. 

Mound,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Mound,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Madison  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Yicksburg,  Shreveport  k  Texas  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.  of  Delta. 


Mound,  a  station  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Colombos 
k  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  oo..  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  7  miles  above  Memphis.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mound  City,  California.    See  Mochd  Statics. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  Cairo  k  Vinoennes  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Mound  City  Railroad  (which  connects  it 
with  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  at  Junction),  6  or  7  miles 
above  Cairo.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
5  churches,  2  barrel-factories,  and  a  boat-building  estab- 
lishment. Here  was  lately  the  United  Stotes  River  Navy- 
Yard.     Pop.  1631. 

Mound  City,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  k  Western  Railroad,  2  miles  W. 
of  Covington. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village,  capitol  of  Linn  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Mound  City  township,  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Fort  Scott,  and  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese  and  furniture.     P.  635  ;  of  township,  1323. 

Mound  City,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  about  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of  Bige- 
low  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  medi- 
cinal spring,  a  bathing-house  and  hotel.    Pop.  (1890)  1193. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village  of  South  Dakota,  the 
capital  of  Campbell  co.,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Rosooe. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Mound  Laud'ing,  a  post-office  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss. 

Mound  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Jasper  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.  789. 

Mound  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Houston  oo., 
Minn.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winona.  It  is  intersected 
by  Root  River  and  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  which 
has  a  stotion  named  Mound  Prairie,  12  miles  W.  of  La 
Crosse.     It  contains  3  churches.     Pop.  743. 

Mounds,  Pulaski  co..  111.    See  Junction. 

3Iounds,  Vernon  co.,  Mo.     See  Moundville. 

Mound  Station,  a  post-office  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  61  miles  E.  of  Loa 
Angeles.     The  name  of  the  station  is  Mound  City. 

Mound  Station,  a  post-village  in  Lee  township, 
Brown  co..  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  33  miles  H.  by  N. 
of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  fire- 
bricks, flour,  and  stone-ware. 

Mound's  View,  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.    P.  295. 

Mounds'ville,  or  Eliz'abethtown,  a  post-village, 
capitol  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.y  is  on  an  alluvial  plain,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Grave  Creek,  and  on  the 
Baltimore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  below  Wheeling.  It 
has  5  churches,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers,  a  rolling-mill,  and  agricultural  works.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Mounds  ville.  Here  is  a  remark- 
able artificial  mound,  which  is  nearly  75  feet  high,  and  is 
supposed  to  be  the  work  of  the  ancient  mound-builders. 
The  penitentiary  is  located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2688. 

Mound  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Mound  Valley  town- 
ship, Labette  co.,  Kansas,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Parsons. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100 ;  of  the  township,  1408. 

Mound'ville,  a  village  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  in  Mound- 
ville township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches  and  a  nursery.  Here  is  Mounds  Post-Offioe. 
Pop.  about  175 ;  of  the  township,  897. 

Moundville,  a  post-townsnip  of  Marquette  oo..  Wis. 
Pop.  398.  Moundville  Post-Office  is  on  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral Railroad  (Southern  division),  10  miles  N.  of  Portage, 
and  on  Fox  River,  which  here  begins  to  expand  into  a  long 
lake. 

3Iount  A'braham,  a  mountain  of  Franklin  oo.,  Me., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Farmington,  is  3387  feet  high. 

Mount  A'bram,  a  hill  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  on  the  edge 
of  the  Androscoggin  Valley,  about  3  miles  from  Bethel. 

Mount  Ad'ams,  New  Hampshire,  a  remarkably  sharp 

Seak  of  the  White  Mountoins,  in  Coos  oo.,  is  about  4  miles 
r.  by  W.  from  Mount  Washington.  Its  altitude  is  5769 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  higher  than  any  other 
peak  of  the  White  Mountoins,  except  Mount  Washington. 

Mount  Adams,  Washington,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Klikitot  CO.,  9570  feet  high. 

Mount  Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arktuisas  oo..  Ark.,  on 
White  River,  105  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  JBo'lus,  Colorado,  a  quartzite  peak  in  lat.  S7° 
37'  24"  N.,  Ion.  107°  37'  12"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
14,054  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Aerial,  Ky.    See  Mount  Abul. 


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1902        7  / 


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Mount  ^tna,  gt'nS,,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Agas'siz,  formerly  Peaked  Hill,  a  moun- 
tain of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  near  Bethlehem,  2042  feet  high. 

Mountain,  a  township  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.     Pop,  99. 

Mountain,  a  township  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  271. 

Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Mountain,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  704. 

Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  on  or  near 
Kittatinny  Mountain,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Reading.  Here 
is  a  slate-quarry. 

Mountain  Ash,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  4 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Aberdare.  It  has  coal-mines  and 
iron-works.     Pop.  7457. 

Moun'tainbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Ark., 
12  miles  from  Alma.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Elko  oo.,  Nevada, 
85  miles  N.  of  Elko.     It  has  a  church. 

Mountain  City,  a  small  post- village  of  Hays  co.,  Tex., 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Austin  City.    It  has  a  church  a^>d  2  stores. 

Mountain  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston.  Bituminous 
coal  is  mined  here. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chilton  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montgomery. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Catawba  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  1298. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  at 
Pine  Grove  Station,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  an 
iron-furnace  and  a  church. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  N.  of  McMinnville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mountain  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Oregon,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Mountain  Eagle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Lock 
Haven.     It  has  a  pottery. 

Mountain  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Mountain  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Ark. 

Mountain  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garland  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Ouachita  River,  8  miles  from  Hot  Springs.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Mountain  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Mountain  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Black  Creek  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  <fc 
Wilkesbarre  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Catawissa.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Mountain  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Mountain  Home,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of 
Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  4  miles  from  Wheeler  Station,  and  20 
miles  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  orphan 
school. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baxter 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Batesville,  and  a  few 
miles  N.  of  White  River.    It  has  an  academy  for  both  sexes. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post-town  of  Idaho,  capital  of 
Elmore  co.,  in  the  valley  of  the  Snake  River,  and  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway  (elevation  3145  feet),  about  35  miles 
direct  S.E.  of  Bois6  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  public 
schools,  a  state  reform  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It 
is  in  a  fine  wool-growing  and  stock-raising  section.  Pop. 
about  800. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barrett  township, 
Monroe  co..  Pa.,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Mountain  Home,  a  hamlet  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Little  River,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Austin. 

Mountain  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Catawba  River,  and  on  or  near  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  cotton-mill  which  has  4500  spindles  and  is 
said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  state. 

Mountain  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Mountain  Lake 
township,  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  51  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-office  and  a  Mennonite  church.  Here  is 
a  colony  of  Mennonites  who  emigrated  from  Russia.  Pop. 
of  township,  449. 

Mountain  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
about  30  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Ehnira,  N.Y. 

Mountain  Lake,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Giles  CO.,  Va.,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Christiansburg.  It  is  on 
Bald  Knob  Mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  4000  feet. 

Mountain  Meadow,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Altk 


^fountain  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ark. 

Mountain  Peak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  from  Dallas. 

Mountain  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

Mountain  Rest,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  Ridge,  New  York,  the  name  given  to  a 
•  low  ridge  extending  nearly  parallel  to  the  S.  shore  of  Lake 
Ontario,  of  which  lake  it  is  supposed  to  have  once  formed 
the  beach. 

Mountain  Road,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Mountain  Scene,  a  post-office  of  Towns  co.,  Ga. 

Mountain  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  Spring,  township,  Butte  co.,  Cal.   Pop.  264. 

Mountain  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind., 
about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Mountain  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 

Mountain  Switch,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  81  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Mountain  Top,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     See  Fairvibw. 

Moun'taintown,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Moun'taintown  Creek,  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  flows 
into  the  Coosawattee  River. 

Mountain  Valley,  post-office,  Lackawanna  co..  Pa. 

Mountain  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va 
20  miles  W.  of  Chatham. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stone  co.. 
Ark.,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  high  school. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  S.E.  of  San 
Francisco.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Monntain  View,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Pompton  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  <k  Western  Railroad,  Boonton  Branch, 
also  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  brick-yard  and  a  powder-mill. 

Monntain  View,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-office  of  Staff'ord  co.,  Va. 

Moun'taiuville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.  J.,  in  Tewksbury  township,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mountainville,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Orange  co.,  N.  Y.,  on  the  Newburg  k  New  York  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mountainville,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa. 

Mountainville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Mount  Airy,  air'ee,  a  post-office  of  Habersham  co., 
Ga.,  80  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Mount  Airy,  a  township  of  Greene  cq..  111.    Pop.  1320. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  about  550. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boonville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Airy,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Lambertville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-town  of  Surry  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Ararat  River,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Cape  Fear  k  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad.  It 
has  8  churches,  a  bank,  8  tobacco-factories,  3  oigar-fao- 
tories,  1  hosiery-,  3  cotton-,  and  2  woollen-mills,  a  granite 
quarry,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1768. 

Mount  Airy,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  A  Chestnut 
Hill  Railroad,  9.3  miles  from  the  initial  station  at  Twelfth 
and  Market  streets,  Philadelphia. 

Mount  Airy,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Monongahela  River,  2  or  3  miles  above  Brownsville. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
36  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Mount  Al'bert,  or  New'land,  a  post- village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  11^  miles  N.  of  Newmarket.  It  contains  sev- 
eral flouring-mills,  a  cheese-factory,  a  tannery,  &c.     P.  150. 

Mount  Albion,  or  Albion  Mills,  or  Albionville, 
a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Hamilton.     It  has  2  hotels  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  An'dreAV,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  An'toro,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Saguache 
Range,  near  lat.  38°  40'  N.     Altitude,  14,245  feet. 

Mount  Ar'arat,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  A'riel,  or  Mount  Ae'rial,  a  post-office  of 
Allen  CO.,  Ky.,  10  miles  E.  of  Franklin. 

Mount  Arkan'sas,  Colorado,  is  near  the  source  of  the 
Arkansas  River,  in  lat.  39°  22'  15"  N.,  Ion.  106°  15'  W. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  about  13,600  feet  above  sea-level 


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1903 


MOU 


Mount  Ar'rington,  Oregon,  a  peak  of  the  Coast 
Range  or  Umpqua  Mountains,  is  on  the  line  between  Coos 
and  Douglas  cos. 

Mount  Athos,  Turkey.    See  Athos. 

Mount  Ath'os,  a  post-ofl5oe  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 

Mount  Auburn,  aw'biirn,  a  post-village  of  Christian 
eo.,  111.,  in  Mount  Auburn  township,  24  miles  B.  by  8.  of 
Springfield,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2 
churches.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1640.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sangamon  River. 

Mount  Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 
Pop.  about  100.  , 

Mount  Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  32 
miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  70. 

Mount  Auburn,  a  post-oflBce  and  station  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Rail- 
road, at  Mount  Auburn  Cemetery,  6  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

Mount  Auburn  Cemetery,  a  beautiful  cemetery, 
situated  about  a  mile  W.  of  Harvard  University,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  comprising  about  100  acres.  The  surface  is 
beautifully  diversified  with  hill  and  dale,  a  natural  growth 
of  trees  covering  a  large  portion  of  the  grounds,  over 
which  are  scattered  tombs  and  monuments  of  the  most 
exquisite  workmanship.  Near  the  entrance  of  the  ceme- 
tery, which  is  by  a  massive  gateway  in  the  Egyptian  style, 
stands  the  chapel,  a  handsome  granite  edifice. 

Mount  Audubon.    See  AxmnBON's  Peak. 

Mount  Avacha.     See  Avachinskaya. 

Mount  Ayr,  air,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ringgold  co., 
Iowa,  in  Mount  Ayr  township,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Afton, 
and  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  banks,  4 
churches,  and  2  newspaper  ofiBces.  Pop.  1275.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  several  branches  of  Grand  River. 

Mount  Ayr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  35 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Russell.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Ba'ker,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade  Range,  in  What- 
com CO.,  Washington.  Its  altitude  is  about  10,500  feet. 
The  top  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and  the  sides  with 
forests  of  fir  and  other  trees.  An  eruption  of  this  moun- 
tain is  said  to  have  occurred  in  1860. 

Mount  Bal'ley,  the  name  of  two  mountains  in  Cali- 
fornia, in  Shasta  and  Trinity  cos.,  having  altitudes  of  6357 
and  7647  feet  respectively  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Beth'el,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  li 
miles  from  Sterling  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Bethel,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Bethel,  Pennsylvania.    See  Williamsburg. 

Mount  Big'elow,  on  the  line  between  Somerset  and 
Franklin  cos..  Me.,  is  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

Mount  Black'more,  a  volcanic  peak  in  Gallatin  co., 
Montana,  has  an  altitude  of  10,134  feet  above  the  sea- 
Jevel.  The  highest  part  of  it  is  formed  of  basaltic  rock, 
and  limestone  is  found  on  its  sides,  which  are  partly  cov- 
ered with  pine  forests.     It  is  in  lat.  45°  26'  N. 

Mount  Blanch'ard,  a  post-village  in  Delaware  town- 
ship, Hancock  co.,  0.,  on  Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize, 
about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  flourimill.     Pop.  about  450. 

Mount  Blan'co,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Mount  Bliss,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Mount  Bowdoin,  bo'dpn,  a  station  on  the  New  York 
&  New  England  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  the  terminal  sta- 
tion in  Boston,  Mass. 

Mount  Brad'dock,  a  post-village  in  North  Union 
township,  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Fayette  County  Branch 
of  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Connellsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and 
numerous  coke-ovens. 

Mount  Breck'enridge,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  in  Kern  co.,  about  lat.  35°  12'  N.,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Havilah.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to  be  7500 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Brew'er,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, stands  on  the  line  between  Fresno  and  Tulare  cos., 
near  lat.  36°  38'  N.  Its  altitude  is  13,886  feet  above  the 
sea.  It  is  about  10  miles  W.  of  Mount  Tyndall.  Granitic 
rocks  form  its  nucleus.     The  sides  are  very  steep. 

Mount  Bross,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  Middle 
Park,  in  lat.  40°  6'  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  12"  W.  It  has  an  alti- 
tude of  9468  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Brydges,  brij'iz,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  15  miles 
W.S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  a  church,  6  stores,  3 
hotels,  an  ashery,  and  2  grist-  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  550. 

Mount  Bullion,  buU'ygn,  Mariposa  co.,  Cal.,  is  the 


highest  peak  of  a  range  which  is  the  northeaetem  boundary 
of  the  famous  Mariposa  estate.  It  haa  an  altitude  of  about 
5300  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Gold  is  found  in  or  near  it. 

Mount  Bullion,  a  post-village  of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal., 
is  near  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  about  96  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Stockton. 

Mount  Byers,  bi'^rz,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39° 
52'  N.,  Ion.  105°  66'  W.  It  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Middle 
Park,  and  has  an  altitude  of  12,778  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Calm,  a  post- village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Waco.  It  has  4  churches,  a  masonic  insti- 
tute, and  a  flouring-mill. 

Mount  Cal'vary,  post-office.  Fond  du  Lao  co.,  Wia. 

Mount  Can'by,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  lat.  37°  47'  7"  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  61"  W.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Silverton.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,274  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Car'bon,  a  village  of  Jackson  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Grand  Tower  <fc  Carbondale  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Carbon- 
dale,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Murphysborough.  Coal  is  mined 
here.  It  has  a  machine-shop,  a  saw-mill,  Ao.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Mount  Carbon,  a  borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Potts- 
ville.  It  has  a  rolling-mill.  It  is  connected  with  Minera- 
ville  by  the  People's  Railroad,  6  miles  long.     Pop.  364. 

Mount  Carmel,  Palestine.    See  Carmel. 

Mount  Car'mel,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post- village  in  Hamden  township, 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bells,  needles,  screws,  sewing-silk,  and  car- 
riage hardware. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  city,  capital  of  Wabash  co.,  111.,  in 
Mount  Carmel  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  White  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  Vincennes 
and  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  St.  Louis  Railroads,  24  miles 
S.W.  of  Vincennes,  and  132  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house, 
a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  3  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  several  manufactories  of  furniture.  The  river  affords 
abundant  water-power  at  this  place,  and  here  flows  through 
beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  3376. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post- village  in  Springfield  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Ind,,  17  miles  W.  of  Hamilton,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  7 
miles  N.  of  Carroll  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Girard. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post- village  of  Fleming  oo.,  Ky., 
about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Maysville,  and  62  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Lexington.   It  has  3  churches,  also  1  or  2  mills.   Pop.  1198 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  churches. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Covington  oo.,  Misb., 
about  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  ofauroh  and  a 
banking-house. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Newtown  Station,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  S 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  192. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-borough  in  Mount  Carmel 
township,  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  7  miles  W.  of  Ashland, 
6  miles  E.  of  Shamokin,  and  about  16  miles  S.E,  of  Dan- 
ville.  It  is  on  branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Maha- 
noy  &  Shamokin  Railroads,  and  is  connected  with  Sunbury 
by  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  It  has  5 
or  6  churches  and  a  bank.  Here  are  6  collieries,  which  are 
said  to  produce  600,000  tons  of  anthracite  in  a  year.  Pop. 
in  1890,  8254;  of  the  township,  additional,  3192. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  hamlet  of  Abbeville  oo.,  8.C.,  18 
miles  from  Abbeville  Court-House.     It  has  a  charoh. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tex., about 
60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jefferson. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  Utah. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  0 
miles  S.  of  News  Ferry  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Mount  Car'rick,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  0. 

Mount  Car'rie,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad.  It  ha* 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  rosin. 

Mount  Car'rigain,  a  peak  in  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  1« 
miles  W.  of  Upper  Bartlett.     Altitude,  4678  feet. 

Mount  Car'roU,  a  post- village  in  Mount  Carroll  towa- 
ship,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  on  the  Western  Union  Rail- 


MOP 

road,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Freeport,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of 
Galena,  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.     It  contains 

6  churches,  a  national  bank,  the  Mount  Carroll  Seminary 
(for  girls),  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop. 
1756;  of  the  township,  2815. 

Mount- Charles,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles 
W.  of  Donegal,  on  the  N.  side  of  Donegal  Bay. 

Mount  Charles,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Malton.     Pop.  150. 

Mount  Chase,  township,  Penobscot  co..  Me.    Pop.  263. 

Mount  Chestnut,  ches'niit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Clare,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
6i  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Clare  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits 
of  Baltimore,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Washington  Branch.  It  is  1  mile  from  a 
city  station  called  Mount  Clare. 

Mount  Clay,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  is  about  3  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Washington. 
Altitude,  5553  feet. 

Mount  Clem'ens,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Clinton  River,  3  or 
4  miles  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit, 
and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  is  connected  with 
these  towns  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  contains  6 
churches,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a  union 
school.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  Detroit  and  this 
place,  which  is  at  the  head  of  steam-navigation.  It  has 
mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  lumber,  salt, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  4748. 

Mount  Clifton,  a  post- village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  W.  of  the  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  and  about  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Mount  Clinton,  a  mountain  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  about 

7  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.     Height,  4320  feet. 
Mount  Clinton,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 

CO.,  N.Y.,  about  lat.  44°  7'  N.  It  is  very  near  Mount  Marcy. 
Altitude,  4937  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Clin'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
Va.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  sash-factory. 

Mount  Cli'o,  township,  Sumter  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1574. 

Mount  Coffin,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Cowlitz  CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  about  55 
miles  above  Astoria. 

Mount  Coke,  or  Coke's  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the 
W.  part  of  Texas,  about  12  miles  from  Fort  Davis.  Its 
altitude  is  7450  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Cold'en,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4753  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Col'vin,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.  Height,  4142  feet.  It  was  named  in  honor  of 
Verplanck  Colvin,  who  first  ascended  and  measured  it. 

3lount  Com'fort,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind. 

Mount  Co'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  a 
«aw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Mount  Crawford,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.    See  Bemis. 

Mount  Craw'ford,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
Va.,  on  the  North  River,  and  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Val- 
ley Branch  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  is 
in  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  392. 

Mount  Cro'ghan,  a  township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1682. 

Mount  Cross,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Danville. 

Mount  Cu'ba,  a  post-village  and  station  in  New  Cas- 
tle CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  chapel,  a  flour-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Dal'las,  a  village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Bedford 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Bed- 
ford, and  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Mount  Da'ly,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Elk  Range, 
in  lat.  39°  11'  N.,  Ion.  107°  4'  W.  Ite  altitude  is  13,193 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Dana,  da'n%,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  is  on  the  W.  boundary  of  Mono  co.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Castle  Peak.     It  is  13,227  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Da'vidson,  Nevada,  is  on  or  near  the  line  be- 
tween Storey  and  Washoe  cos.,  and  belongs  to  the  Washoe 
Range  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Virginia  City  is  built  on  the 
E.  slope  of  this  mountain,  in  which  are  rich  silver-mines. 


Mount  de  Chantal,  shan^t&l',  a  station  in  Ohio  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  railroad  from  Wheeling  to  Washington,  Pa., 
2  miles  E.  of  Wheeling.  Here  is  a  spacious  convent  and 
school  for  young  ladies.     The  situation  is  beautiful. 

Mount  Defi'ance,  a  high  eminence  in  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  ;Overlooking  the  site  of  Fort  Ticonderoga. 

Mqunt  Del'ano,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  in 
the  S.W-  p^'rt  of  Montana,  about  lat.  45°  32'  N.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  10,200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

McMint  Demavend,  Persia.    See  Deuayend. 

Mount  Den'nison,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotiai  on  the  Avon,  3  miles  from  Hantsport.     Pop.  200. 

3Ioiunt  ^esert,  de-zert'  or  dSz'^rt,  an  island  in  the 
Atlaniic,  is  a  part  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  and  is  nearly  1  mile 
from  ihe  mainland.  It  is  15  miles  long  and  12  miles  wide. 
It  hai  several  good  harbors,  is  distinguished  for  picturesque 
scenery,  and  is  a  popular  summer  resort.  Pop.  3935.  Mount 
Deseitt  Post-Office  is  at  Somesville. 

M<^unt  Desert  Rock,  in  the  Atlantic,  20  miles  S.S.E. 
of  th0  island  of  Mount  Desert,  has  a  light-house,  in  lat.  43" 
58'  7V  N.,  Ion.  68°  7'  22"  W. 

Mount  Diablo,  de-&'blo,  California,  an  isolated,  con- 
ical peak  of  the  Coast  (or  Monte  Diablo)  Range,  in  Contra 
Costa  CO.,  about  38  miles  E.  by  N.  from  San  Francisco.  It 
ri8es/3876  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  the  most 
conspicuous  landmark  in  the  central  part  of  the  state.  It 
appears  more  prominent  than  some  higher  peaks  because  it 
is  more  isolated  and  it  rises  directly  from  the  level  of  the 
sea.  The  summit  commands  an  immense  prospect  of  the 
great  central  valley  of  California,  believed  to  be  almost  un- 
surpassed in  extent  by  any  view  attainable  on  the  surface 
of  the  earth.  This  is  due  to  the  peculiar  form  of  the  Great 
Valley  of  California,  and  the  gradual  rise  of  the  Sierra, 
which  brings  higher  and  higher  points  to  view  as  the  dis- 
tance becomes  greater.  The  central  mass  of  Mount  Diablo 
is  composed  of  metamorphic  rocks,  among  which  are 
sandstone  and  silicious  slate.  Coal  is  found  in  the  creta- 
ceous formation  at  the  base  of  this  mountain,  and  here  are 
the  most  important  coal-mines  in  the  state. 

Mount  Doane,  dSn,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  National 
Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  5  miles  from  Yellowstone 
Lake.  Its  altitude  is  10,118  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  is  composed  partly  of  trachyte, 
basalt,  and  breccia. 

Mount  Dow'ney,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the  Coast 
Range,  in  Los  Angeles  co.     Height,  5675  feet. 

Mount  Eagle,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Lockport. 

Mount  £aton,e't9n,  a  post-village  in  Paint  township, 
Wayne  co.,  0.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  furniture 
factory.     Pop.  296. 

Mount  £'bal,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  £'den,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  oo.,  Cal., 
about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  salt. 

Mount  £den,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  about 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  distillery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mount  Eden,  a  village  in  the  subutbs  of  New  York, 
became  a  part  of  that  city  in  1874. 

Mount  Eden  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  in  Eden  township,  2  miles  from  Quarryville  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Edgecumbe,  Sj'kum,  England,  co.  of  Corn- 
wall, is  a  hilly  promontory,  with  the  fine  seat  of  the  Earl 
of  Mount  Edgecumbe,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Plymouth. 

Mount  Edgecumbe,  a  mountain  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island,  lat.  38°  S.,  Ion.  177°  E.     Height,  10,000  feet. 

Mount  Eg'mont,  an  active  volcano  of  New  Zealand, 
near  the  S.W.  point  of  North  Island,  18  miles  S.  of  New 
Plymouth.     Lat.  39°  15'  S.     Height,  8840  feet. 

Mounteith,  Chatham  co.,  Ga.     See  Monteith. 

Mount  El'ba,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Saline  River,  about  70  miles  S.  of  Little  Rock. 

Mount  El'gin,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario, 
7i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ingersoll.     Pop.  135. 

Mount  Em'mons,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondack  Moun- 
tains, in  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  named  in  honor  of  E.  Em- 
mons, geologist.    Colvin  computes  its  height  to  be  3824  feet. 

Mount  Eno'tah,  or  Bald  Mountain,  a  peak  of 
Towns  CO.,  Ga.,  has  an  altitude  of  4802  feet,  and  is  said  U> 
be  the  highest  peak  in  the  state. 

Mount  En'terprise,  a  post- village  in  Rusk  ecu,  Tex., 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Overton,  and  about  45  miles  S.  of  Long- 
view.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture  and  wagons. 


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Mount  E'phraim^a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden,  on  the  Camden,  Gloucester  & 
Mount  Ephraim  Railroad.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Mount  Ephraim^  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about 
32  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  171. 

Mount  Erie^  e'ree,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Dl.,  in 
Mount  Erie  township,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Centralia,  and 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Flora.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1238. 

Mount  Etna»  a  mountain  of  Sicily.    See  Etna., 

Mount  Et'na,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Salamonie  River,  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  haa  2  churches.     Pop.  221. 

Mount  Etna,  a  post- village  in  Washington  township, 
Adams  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nodaway,  10  miles  N.  of  Coming. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Mount  E'va,  a  post-oflBce  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Mount  Ev'ans,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, about  10  miles  S.  of  Georgetown,  in  lat.  39°  35'  21" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  38'  20"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,330  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Ev'eresty  a  peak  of  the  Himalayas,  the  highest 
ascertained  point  on  the  surface  of  the  globe,  in  lat.  27° 
9'  16"  N.,  Ion.  85°  68'  8"  E.,  and  N.E.  of  Khatmandoo, 
nearly  midway  between  the  peaks  of  Dhawalaghiri  and 
Kunchain-Junga.     Height,  29,002  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Fair'view,  a  post-oflSce  of  San  Diego  oo.,  Cal., 
en  the  San  Luis  Rey  River,  9  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mount  Flume)  one  of  the  Lower  Franconia  peaks, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  is  said  to  be  4500  feet  high. 

Mount  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  a  good  hotel,  and  a  female  seminary. 

Mount  For'est,  a  town  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  S.  branch  of  the  Saugeen  River,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey 
&  Bruce  Railway,  87  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
churches  of  7  denominations,  2  saw-mills,  3  flouring-  and 
grist-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  an  agricultural 
implement  factory,  2  tanneries,  2  brick-fields,  a  pottery,  a 
branch  bank,  2  newspapers,  and  5  hotels.     Pop.  1370. 

Mount  Frank'lin,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
White  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.,  about  4  miles  S.W,  of  Mount 
Washington.     Height,  4904  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Free'dom,  a  hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Nicholasville,  and  2  miles  from  North  Tower 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Freedom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
in  Randolph  township,  3  miles  from  Ironia  Station.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Mount  Freedom,  W.  Va.    See  Circletille. 

Mount  Gal'lagher,  a  post-oflSce  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  Gal 'latin,  a  conical  mountain  which  stands 
near  the  W.  border  of  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone, 
and  near  the  boundary  between  Montana  and  Wyoming. 
It  is  about  10,000  feet  high.  The  Gallatin  River  rises  at  its 
base.  This  peak  is  described  by  Hayden  as  "  a  dome-shaped 
peak  which  overlooks  the  valleys  of  the  Yellowstone  and 
Gallatin,  is  one  of  the  finest  mountains  in  the  range,  and 
commands  a  most  extensive  view  in  every  direction."  It 
is  composed  mostly  of  limestones. 

Mount  Gar'diner,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  on  the  W.  border  of  Inyo  co.,  a  few  miles  S.  of 
Mount  King.  Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  14,000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Gar'field,  Idaho,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky  Moun- 
tains, is  near  the  boundary  between  Idaho  and  Montana. 
It  rises  9704  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Gay'nor,  a  post-office  of  Hays  co.,  Tex. 

Mount  Gilead,  ghil'e-ad  (Arab.  Jeb-el-Jilad,  jSb-§l- 
je-lid'),  in  Syria,  pashalic  of  Damascus,  is  25  miles  N.N.E. 
of  the  Dead  Sea,  lat.  32°  7'  N.,  Ion.  35°  46'  E.,  and  near 
the  extremity  of  the  region  of  Gilead,  which  extended  for 
some  distance  northward  along  the  E.  side  of  the  Jordan. 

Mount  Gilead,  ghil'e-ad,  a  small  post-village  of  Mason 
CO.,  Ky.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Marshall  Station,  and  about  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Gilead  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1280. 

Mount  Gilead,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morrow  co., 
0.,  in  Gilead  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Olentangy 
River,  about  45  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  and  24  miles 
S.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  is  IJ  miles  E.  of  Gilead  Station  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Delaware  with  Gallon.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  union 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
turbine  water-wheels,  and  sewing-machines.  P.  (1890)  1329. 


Mount  Gilead,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tenn. 

Mount  Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Ilainilton  Station. 

Mount  God'dard,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  is  on  or  near  the  boundary  between  Fresno  and 
Mono  COS.,  about  lat.  37°  10'  N.  It  rises  about  14,000  feet 
above  the  sea-level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  fir.     Its  summit  is  formed  of  granite  and  slate. 

Mount  Good'win,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
New  York,  near  the  western  boundary  of  Essex  co. 

Mount  Graham,  Arizona.    See  Grahau  Peak. 

Mount  Guth'rie,  a  station  of  Rock  Castle  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Mt.  Vernon. 

Mount  Guyot,  ghee^',  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  28'  N.,  Ion. 
105°  56'  W.     Height,  13,565  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Guyot,  a  peak  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  about  4 
miles  S.  of  Twin  Mountain. 

Mount  Guyot,  a  peak  of  the  Smoky  Mountains,  on 
the  boundary  between  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  is 
near  lat.  35°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  83°  W.     Altitude,  6636  feet. 

Mount  Ham'ilton,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast 
Range,  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  about  25  miles  E.  of  San  Jos^. 
It  is  4449  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Hamilton,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  (main  range),  in  lat.  39°  26'  N.,  Ion.  105°  5S' 
7"  W.     Height,  13,800  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Han'cock,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
in  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  12  miles  S 
of  Yellowstone  Lake,  and  near  lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Mount  Hancock,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  is  about  2  miles 
W.  of  Mount  Carrigain.     Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  4420  feet. 

Mount  Han'ly,  a  post-settlement  in  Annapolis  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  7  miles  from  Lawrencetown.     Pop.  200. 

Mount  Har'mony,  a  hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Har'vard,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  Lake  co.,  about  108  miles  S.W.  of  Denver. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  14,383  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
It  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 

Mount  Hay'den,  or  Grand  Teton,  t9-t6M>',  a 
granitic  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  near  the  W. 
boundary  of  Wyoming  Territory,  in  lat.  43°  44'  N.  and 
Ion.  110°  55'  W.  Altitude,  13,858  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  It  is  the  highest  peak  of  a  group  called  the  Three 
Tetons.     The  ascent  of  this  mountain  is  difficult. 

Mount  Hayes,  haz,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  is  nearly  3  miles  from  Gorham  Station. 

Mount  Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ark. 

Mount  Hay'ley,  township,  Midland  co.,  Mich.    P.  99. 

Mount  Hay'stack,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.   Computed  height,  5006  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Health'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  a  churoh. 

Mount  Healthy,  Ohio.    See  Mount  Pleasant. 

Mount  Healthy,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa. 

Mount  Healy,  hee'le,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Cayuga. 
Gypsum  abounds  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  He'bron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Gainesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Hecia,  Iceland.    See  Hbcla. 

Mount  Hec'la,  a  post-office  of  Jack  co.,  Tex. 

Mount  Her'mon  (Arab.  Jebel-e^h-Sheikh,  jih'Al-ish- 
shalk),  a  mountain  of  Palestine,  forming  a  part  of  the 
chain  of  Anti-Libanus.  Its  height  is  stated  to  be  above 
11,000  feet,  and  its  summit  is  covered  with  snow  the  most 
part  of  the  year.  Little  Mount  Hermon  is  a  much  lower 
range,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Acre,  bounding  the  Plain  of  Es- 
draelon  on  the  E.,  and  to  which  the  name  of  Hermon  was 
first  applied  in  the  Middle  Ages. 

Mount  Her'mon,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Mount  Hermon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hope  township, 
Warren  co.,  N.J.,  11  miles  E.S.B.  of  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Mount  Hermon,  a  township  of  Pasquotank  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1184. 

Mount  Her'on,  a  post-office  of  Darke  oo.,  C,  on  the 
Dayton  &  Union  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville. 

Mount  Her'sey,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Ark. 

Mount  Hesperus,  Colorado.     See  Banded  Peak. 

Mount  Hilliard,  hil'yard,  a  post-village  of  Bullock 
CO.,  Ala.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Union  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Mount  Hofl'man,  California,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 


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Sierra  Nevada,  is  near  lat,  37°  42'  N.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
10,872  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  forms  a  part  of 
scenery  remarkable  for  its  sublimity. 

Mount  Hoffman,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondaoks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  about  3727  feet. 

Mount  Hol'ly,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ark.,  about 
24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Camden. 

Mount  Holly,  a  beautiful  and  thriving  post-village, 
the  capital  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in  Northampton  town- 
ship, is  situated  on  the  North  Branch  of  Rancocas  Creek, 
at  the  convergence  of  branches  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road (running  more  than  60  trains  daily),  which  connect 
it  with  Philadelphia,  Long  Branch,  New  York,  «ke.     It  is 

19  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bur- 
lington, and  18  miles  S.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 11  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  carpet-factory,  2 
foundries,  6  shoe-factories,  3  canneries,  street-cars,  eleotric- 
and  gas-light  plants,  excellent  schools  (public  and  private), 
manufactures  of  machinery,  ploughs,  turbine  water-wheels, 
Ac,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Monnt  Holly,  a  village  of  Knox  co.,  0.     See  Qann. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  in  Wayne  township,  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  River,  li  miles  from  Claysville 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  205. 

Mount  Holly,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Berkeley  oo., 
S.C,  19  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Charleston. 

Mount  Holly,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Holly  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Mechanicsville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1582. 

Mount  Holly,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Mount  Holly  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  is  on  the  South  Mountain 
and  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroads,  near  the  N.W.  base 
of  South  Mountain,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a 
newspaper,  3  churches,  and  3  paper-mills.     P.  (1890)  1190. 

Mount  Ho'Iy  Cross,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Sa- 
guache Range,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Massive  Mountain,  com- 
posed of  granite  or  gneiss,  having  an  altitude  of  14,176  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  a  vertical  face  nearly  dOOO 
feet  on  the  side,  with  a  cross  of  snow,  formed  by  a  vertical 
fissure  about  1500  feet  high,  and  a  sort  of  horizontal  step, 
on  which  the  snow  remains  all  the  year.  This  cross  may  be 
seen  at  a  distance  of  50  to  80  miles  from  other  mountain- 
peaks.     Lat.  39°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  28'  W. 

Mount  Holyoke,  hol'yok,  Massachusetts,  is  in 
Hampden  co.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Northampton,  and  1  mile 
E.  of  the  Connecticut  River.  Its  top  is  830  feet  above  the 
river,  and  affords  a  beautiful  prospect. 

Mount  Hood,  Oregon,  a  volcanic  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  is  on  the  N.S).  border  of  Clackamas  co.,  about  lat. 
45°  24'  N.  and  Ion.  121°  40'  W.  It  seems  to  be  a  dormant 
or  extinct  volcano.  According  to  Prof.  Guyot,  it  is  11,225 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  But  in  Whitney's  work  on 
the  Geology  of  California,  11,934  feet  is  given  as  a  close 
approximation  to  the  true  height.  It  is  stated  that  on  one 
of  its  sides  is  a  nearly  vertical  precipice,  7000  feet  high. 
Mount  Hood  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 

Mount  Hook'er,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  on 
the  E.  border  of  British  Columbia,  near  lat.  51°  40'  N.  It 
is  said  to  be  15,700  feet  high. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Florence. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-bamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  9^ 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Willimantic.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Mount  Hope,  township,  McLean  oo..  III.     Pop.  1432. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  about 

24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post- village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 

25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  numerous  stores.    Pop.  in  1 890,  241. 

Mount  Hope,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Mount  Hope,  a  station  on  the  Boston  <fc  Providence 
Railroad,  5i  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Here  is  Mount  Hope  Cemetery. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Copiah  co..  Miss. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co,,   Mo., 

20  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 
Mount  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockaway  township, 

Morris  co.,  N.J.,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Morristown,  and  3 
miles  from  Rockaway  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  valuable  mines  of  iron.  It  is  connected  with  Port 
Oram  by  the  Mount  Hope  Railroad,  4  miles  long. 


Mount  Hope,  a  village  in  the  suburbs  of  New  Ycrk, 
of  which  city  it  became  a  part  in  1874.     Pop.  487. 

Monnt  Hope,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Hope  town- 
ship. Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  6  or  7  miles  W.  of  Middletown,  1 
mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Newburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  an  academy.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Shawangunk  River  and  th« 
Erie  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1700. 

Mount  Hope,  Holmes  co.,  0.    See  Middletowit. 

3Iouut  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Lebanon. 

Monnt  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Hope  town- 
ship. Grant  co..  Wis.,  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 781. 

Mount  Hope,  Ontario.    See  Cairngoru. 

Mount  Hope  Bay,  the  northeastern  arm  of  Narra- 
gansett  Bay,  extending  through  Bristol  co.,  R.I.,  into  Bris- 
tol CO.,  Mass. 

Mount  Hor,  a  post-office  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Falmouth. 

Mount  Horeb,  Arabia.    See  Horeb. 

Mount  Ho'reb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn., 
4^  miles  S.E.  of  Mossy  Creek  Station.  Here  is  the  Mount 
Horeb  Institute. 

Mount  Horeb,  a  poet-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Ho'reb,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  Pigeon  Creek,  2  miles  from  Franklin.     Pop.  120. 

Mount  Hurst,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  oo.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Bolton.     Pop.  130. 

Monnt  Hymettns,  hi-mit'tHs,  a  mountain  of  Greece, 
in  Attica,  4^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens.  Height,  2680  feet. 
The  honey  collected  here  has  been  famous  from  remote 
antiquity  to  the  present  time. 

Monnt  Ida,  Asia  Minor.    See  Ida. 

Mount  Ida,  Crete.    See  Psilorati. 

Mount  I'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  55 
miles  S.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church  and  masonic  hall. 

Mount  Ida,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ark.,  is  near  the  Brushy  Fork  of  tne  Ouachita  River,  about 
85  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Ida,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Ida,  a  post-office  of  Grant  oo..  Wis.,  about  33 
miles  N.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

Mount  I'daho,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Idaho  co., 
Idaho,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston,  near  a  branch  of  Clear- 
water River.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Monnt  Independ'ence,  in  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Ticonderoga.  It  is  chiefly  distinguished 
as  having  contained  important  military  fortifications  in  th» 
early  history  of  the  country. 

Mount  Jack'son,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  tht 
White  Mountains,  is  on  the  N.E.  oorder  of  Grafton  co., 
about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plymouth.     Altitude,  4100  feet. 

Mount  Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa., 
3  miles  from  Mahoning  Railroad  Station,  and  6  miles  S.W. 
of  New  Castle.     It  has  several  churches,  a  planing-mill,  <kc. 

Mount  Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on 
the  Harper's  Ferry  A,  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  51  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Mount  Jefferson,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  Coos  CO.,  New  Hampshire,  situated  immediately  N.  of 
Mount  Washington,  between  it  and  Mount  Adams.  Height, 
5657  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

Mount  John'son,  or  Saint  Gr^goire  le  Grand, 
s4n»  gri'gwaR'  l§h  griu",  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  3  miles  from 
Versailles.     It  has  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  450. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Davenport. 

Mount  Joy,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Jersey 
City. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-village  in  Brush  Creek  township, 
Scioto  CO.,  0.,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Joy,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1172. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-borough  in  Mount  Joy  township, 
Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  80  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  5  or  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  the  Cedar  Hill  Sem 
inary,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  plough-factory,  and  the  Valley 
Chief  Reaper  Works.    Pop.  (1890)  1848 ;  of  township,  2258 


MOU 


1907 


MOU 


Mount  Joy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  B.C.,  10  miles 
E.  of  Jonesville. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-office  of  Delta  co.,  Texas. 

Mouut'joy)  or  Oak'Tille,  a  post-village  in  Soulanges 
CO.,  Quebec,  11  miles  W.  of  Coteaa  Station.  It  contains 
saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Mount  Jude'a,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Mount  Ju'liety  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mount  Juliet,  a  hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Texas,  7  miles 
N.  of  Austin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Ken'dall,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  San 
Juan  Range,  in  lat.  37°  47'  22"  N.,  Ion.  107°  36'  51"  W. 
Its  altitude  is  13,380  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Kin'eo,  a  stunmer  resort  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
on  the  E.  shore  of  Moosehead  Lake.  Here  is  a  high  prom- 
ontory composed  almost  entirely  of  hornblende.  It  is 
surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Mount  King,  a  naked  granitic  peak  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, on  the  W.  border  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  near  lat.  36°  44' 
N.  Prof.  J.  D.  Whitney  estimated  its  altitude  to  be  "  prob- 
ably over  14,000  feet"  above  the  sea-level.  "Mount  King," 
says  that  geologist,  "  breaks  oflf  in  grand  precipices  on  the 
northwest  side,  like  the  Half  Dome;  these  are  several 
thousand  feet  in  height,  and  almost  vertical,  producing  the 
effect  of  an  immense  obelisk." 

Mount  Kin'neo,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  has  an 
altitude  of  3427  feet  above  the  tide.  It  is  covered  with  a 
dense  forest. 

Mount  Kins'man,  a  peak  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Lincoln  township,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Littleton.  Altitude, 
4200  feet  above  the  tide. 

Mount  Kis'co,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  New 
York.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  manufac- 
tory of  spectacles  and  eye-glasses,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, an  academy,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1095. 

Mount  Kosciusko,  kos-se-us'ko,  a  mountain  of  Aus- 
tralia, at  the  head  of  the  Murray.     Altitude,  7285  feet. 

Mount  liafayette,  laf-i-yett'.  New  Hampshire,  a  peak 
of  the  Franconia  or  White  Mountains,  in  Grafton  co.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.     Altitude,  6250  feet. 

Mount  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Ya.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Mount  Lang'don,  New  Hampshire,  is  in  Bartlett 
township,  Carroll  co.,  near  the  Saco.     Altitude,  2460  feet. 

Mount  Laurel,  law'r^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
Friends'  meeting-house. 

Mount  Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Ya., 
about  46  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Leb'anon,  a  post-village  of  Bienville  parish. 
La.,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  high  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  cotton-  and  woollen-factory.  Here  are 
the  buildings  of  a  Baptist  university  (suspended).    P.  300. 

Mount  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
N.Y.,  1  mile  from  New  Lebanon,  and  about  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Albany.  Here  is  a  community  of  Shakers,  who  manu- 
facture brooms,  chairs,  and  extracts. 

Mount  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Soott  township, 
Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  li 
miles  from  Castle  Shannon  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Leidy,  U'dee,  Wyoming,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  is  about  16  miles  E.  of  Mount  Hayden, 
and  near  lat.  43°  44'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  37'  W.  Its  altitude 
is  11,300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  summit  is  a 
steep  naked  rock. 

Mount  Leonard,  len'ard,  post-office,  Saline  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Marshall. 

Mount  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Le'vi,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co..  Ark. 

Mount  Lib'erty,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  has  an 
altitude  of  about  4500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its 
summit  is  3  or  4  miles  from  the  Flume  House. 

Mount  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  11  or 
12  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Mount  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Mount  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
Knox  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Yemon  <fc  Columbus 
Railroad,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Mount  Lillies,  lil'liz,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
40°  17'  N.,  Ion.  105°  30'  12"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
11,433  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Lincoln,  link'iin,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
Park  Range  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  about  11  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Fair  Play.  It  is  on  the  N.W.  border  of  the 
Roath  Park.     Its  altitude  is  computed  to  be  14,297  feet 


above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  39°  21'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  106' 
6'  25"  W.  A  silver-mine  has  been  opened  on  it  at  vu 
altitude  of  14,000  feet  in  connection  with  Silurian  lime- 
stone and  quartzite. 

Mount  Lindesay,  lin'zee,  a  mountain  in  East  Aus- 
tralia, about  55  miles  S.W.  of  Moreton  Bay,  and  5700  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Mount  Linn,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
in  the  W.  part  of  Tehama  co.,  near  lat.  40°  N. 

Mount  Look'out,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Lookout,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  is 
in  the  1st  ward  of  Cincinnati,  near  the  Observatory,  1  mile 
from  Delta  Railroad  Station. 

Mount  Ly'ell,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
is  on  the  boundary  between  Fresno  and  Mono  cos.,  near  lat. 
37°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  W.  The  summit  is  a  sharp  pin- 
nacle of  naked  granite,  the  altitude  of  which  is  13,217  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  MacClel'lan,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front 
Range,  about  9  miles  from  Georgetown.  Altitude,  13,423 
feet.     Silver  is  found  in  it. 

Mount  Mac'Intyre,  New  York,  a  peak  of  the  Adi- 
rondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Mount  Maroy. 
It  is  separated  from  the  Wall-Faced  Mountain  by  a  narrow 
gorge  called  the  Adirondack  Pass.  It  is  partly  formed  of 
hypersthene  or  granitic  rock,  and  is  5201  feet  high. 

Mount  MacMar'tin,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  about  6  miles  W.  of  Mount  Marcy,  rises 
boldly  from  Avalanche  Lake,  and  is  nearly  bisected  by  an 
enormous  dike,  which  cuts  through  the  mountain  nearly 
from  top  to  bottom.     Estimated  height,  5000  feet. 

Mount  Mad'ison,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
White  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to 
be  5415  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  a  few  miles 
N.  of  Mount  Washington. 

Mount  Mans'field,  Yermont,  the  highest  of  the 
Green  Mountains,  is  in  the  W.  part  of  Lamoille  co.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Burlington.  It  presents  three 
peaks,  called  the  Chin,  the  Nose,  and  the  Forehead.  The 
highest  peak  has  an  altitude  of  4430  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  commands  a  very  extensive  and  beautiful 
prospect. 

Mount  Maravaca,  m&-r&-v&'k&,  of  Yenezuela,  is  in 
lat.  3°  40'  N.,  Ion.  65°  50'  W.,  and  estimated  by  Sohom- 
burgk  at  from  10,000  to  11,000  feet  in  height. 

Mount  Mar^cel'lina,  Colorado,  an  isolated  peak,  in 
lat.  38°  56'  N.,  Ion.  107°  14'  W.  Its  altitude  is  11,324  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     It  is  composed  of  trachyte. 

Mount  Mar'cy,  New  York,  in  Essex  co.,  is  a  peak  of 
the  Adirondack  Mountains,  and  is  the  highest  mountain  in 
the  state,  its  altitude  being  5467  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  It  is  composed  chiefly  of  hypersthene  rock.  It  is 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Mount  Mas'sive,  a  peak  of  the  Saguache  Range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  Lake  co..  Col.,  about  30  miles  W. 
of  Fair  Play.     Its  altitude  is  stated  to  be  14,368  feet. 

Mount  Meigs,  mSgz,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  13  miles  B. 
of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  institute. 

Mount  Melimoyu,  mfll-e-mo-yoo',  a  mountain  of  the 
Andes,  in  Patagonia,  near  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  44°  S.  Height, 
7400  feet. 

Mount  Mel'lick,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queens  oo.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Grand  Canal,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Maryborough, 
with  cotton  and  woollen  manufactures,  iron-  and  brass- 
works,  and  potteries.  It  has  a  branch  bank  and  2  weekly 
markets.     Pop.  3316. 

Mount  Merid'ian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Ind., 
36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.     Pop.  90. 

Mount  Meridian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  oo.,  Ya.,  3 
miles  E.  of  Weyer's  Cave  Railroad  Station.   It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Miltsiu,  North  Africa.    See  Miltseen. 

Mount  Mitchell,  N.C.    See  Mitcheli,'8  Peak. 

Mount  Mitch'ell,  the  loftiest  summit  of  the  Darling 
Downs,  East  Australia.     Lat.  28°  S.     Height,  4100  feet. 

Mount  Monroe,  miin-ro'.  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of 
the  White  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.,  about  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Mount  Washington.     Height,  5349  feet. 

Mount  Mo^ran',  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in 
Uinta  CO.,  Wyoming,  near  lat.  43°  52'  N.  and  Ion.  111°  W. 
It  is  about  7  miles  N.  of  Mount  Hayden,  and  2  miles  W. 
of  Jackson's  Lake.  Its  altitude  is  12,809  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     It  belongs  to  the  Teton  Range. 

Mount  Mori'ah,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
White  Mountains,  in  Coos  oo.     Altitude,  4653  feet. 

Mount  Moriah,  a  village  of  Nevada  oo..  Ark.,  U  SS 
miles  W.  of  Camden.    It  has  a  church. 


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Mount  Moriah,  a  post-oflSce  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  about 
35  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Mount  Moriah)  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  Riyer,  about  44  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Mount  Moriah,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington &  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  Mount  Moriah  Cemetery, 
3J  miles  S.W.  of  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mount  Moriah,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mount  Mor'riS)  a  post- village  in  Mount  Morris  town- 
ship. Ogle  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  108 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Rockford. 
It  contains  2  churches,  the  Rock  River  Seminary  and  Col- 
legiate Institute  (with  a  stone  building  of  four  stories),  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop. 
about  1000 ;  of  the  township,  1455. 

Mount  Morris,  a  poat-village  of  Qenesee  co.,  Mich., 
in  Genesee  and  Mount  Morris  townships,  on  the  Flint  & 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  grain-elevators. 
Pop.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1349. 

Mount  Morris,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Morris  town- 
ship, Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal, 
and  on  the  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  14  miles  E.  of 
Warsaw,  and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Dansville.  It  contains  5 
churches,  an  academy  and  union  school,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  3  flouring-mills.  Pop.  1930 ;  of  the 
township,  3817.  The  Genesee  River  flows  along  the  W. 
border  of  the  township. 

Mount  Morris,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township, 
Greene  co..  Pa.,  on  Dunkard  Creek,  about  60  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Mount  Morris,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Morris  town- 
ship, Waushara  co..  Wis.,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Osh- 
kosh.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  588. 

Mount  Mourne,  moorn,  a  post-village  of  Iredell  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles 
N.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  hall,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Mount  Mur'phy,  post-office,  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Ne'bo,  in  Middlebury  township,  Addison  oo., 
Vt.,  commands  a  fine  view  of  Lake  Champ\ain. 

Mount  Nebo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winston.     It  has  2  stores  and  9  families. 

Mount  Nebo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Martio  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Lancaster  City,  and  2^ 
miles  from  Pequea  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  furniture,  and  cigars. 

Mount  of  01'ive8,a  celebrated  hill  of  Palestine,  about 
half  a  mile  E.  of  Jerusalem.  Its  summit  commands  one 
of  the  finest  views  that  can  be  obtained  of  the  city. 

Mount  Ol'ive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about 
54  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  is  on 
White  River,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Batesville. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-village  in  Staunton  township, 
Macoupin  co..  111.,  near  the  Wabash  Railroad,  at  Drum- 
mond  Station,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Covington  co..  Miss., 
about  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  2 
miles  from  Rosedale  Station,  and  8  miles  from  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Olive  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from  Flanders  Station,  and  about 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
mines  of  iron  ore. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  70  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop. 
kbout  300. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-offioe  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
3i  miles  from  Tom's  Brook. 

Mount  Olive,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Ripley.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Ol'iver,  a  post-village  in  Lower  St.  Clair 
township,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  2  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  hivs  a  church. 


Mount  Ol'ivet,  post-office,  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Mount  Olivet,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Robertson 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Maysville,  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  p  lough - 
factory,  and  4  large  tobacco-warehouses.     Pop.  about  5U0. 

Mount  Olivet,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  3  milen 
from  Barnesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  84. 

Mount  Olivet,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex. 

3Iount  Olym'pus,  Washington,  is  in  the  N.  part  <-f 
Jefi"erson  co.,  about  lat.  47°  60'  N.  Altitude,  8138  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  O'rab,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  36  miles 
E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Mount  Or'nuo,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
state,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Dome  Mountain.  It  is  near  lat. 
40°  5'  N.     Altitude,  12,185  feet. 

Mount  Os'car,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  oo.,  Que- 
bec, 5  miles  from  Rigaud.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  Os^ceo'la,  a  peak  in  Waterville  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.  Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  4400  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     It  commands  an  extensive  view. 

Mount  O'so,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
the  state,  near  the  N.E.  corner  of  La  Plata  co.,  has  ad  alti- 
tude of  13,640  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  37°  36'  29"  N. ; 
long.  107°  29'  W. 

Mount  O'thrys,  the  ancient  name  of  Hellovo,  a  moan- 
tain-chain  of  Greece.    See  Hellovo. 

Mount  Ouray,  oo^ra',  Colorado,  the  most  southern 
peak  of  the  Saguache  Range,  near  the  N.  boundary  of 
Saguache  co.,  is  about  24  miles  N.  of  Saguache  village. 
Height,  14,043  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Pacaraima,  or  Serra  Pacaraima,  s^r'- 
R&  p&-k&-rl'm&,  an  isolated  mountain  of  Brazil,  near  the 
Parima.     Lat.  3°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  8'  W. 

Mount  Pal'atine,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co..  111., 
about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  La  Salle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Par'nel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Fa., 
about  11  milee  W.S.W.  of  Chambersburg. 

Mount  Par'ry,  a  mountain  in  California,  lat.  39°  50' 
20"  N.,  Ion.  105°  42'  32"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,133 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Par'thenon,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Mount  Fat'rick,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Mount  Peaie,  peel,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  state,  near  lat.  38°  26'  N.,  Ion.  109°  13'  W.,  has  an 
altitude  of  12,980  feet. 

Mount  Pe'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Jackson.     It  h&a  a  church. 

Mount  Per'ry,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township, 
Perry  oo.,  0.,  4  miles  from  Chalfont  Station,  and  about  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Mount  Pin'son,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ala., 
about  13  miles  N.  of  Birmingham. 

Mount  Pisgah,  piz'gq.,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Front  Range,  in  lat.  38°  45'  15"  N.,  Ion.  105°  13'  W.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  9343  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Batesville. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lagrange  oo.,  Ind., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  La  Grange. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-offioe  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  40 
miles  from  Somerset.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo..  Wis., 
about  25  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Norwalk  Station. 

Mount  Pitt,  Oregon,  a  conical  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  is  on  the  E.  border  of  Jackson  co.,  about  8  miles  W. 
of  Klamath  Lake.  Its  height  is  said  to  be  abou«  10,500 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  is  of  volcanic  formation. 

Mount  Pleasant,  plgz'ant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  60  miles  N.N.*E.  of  Mobile. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington. 
Many  peaches  are  shipped  here. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co. 
D.C.,  2i  miles  from  Washington  City.  It  has  a  church 
Pop.  about  500. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post- village  of  Giidsden  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  33  milM 
N.W.  of  Tallahassee. 


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Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Glynn  oo.,  Gta,.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Kailroad,  at  Buffalo  Station,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Grand  Tower  <t  Carbondale  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Carbondale. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  HI., 
about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  85. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  111. 
Pop.  3080.     It  contains  Morrison. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Delaware  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1880. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  36  miles  E.  of  Vinoennes. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-oflSce  of  Perry  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Cannelton. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  <k  Missouri  River  Railroad,  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  47  miles  E.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  University  (Methodist 
Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1865.  The  town  con- 
tains the  Mount  Pleasant  Female  Seminary,  the  Iowa  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  14 
churches,  and  2  or  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  (1890)  1603. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post- village  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Atchison  oo.,  Kansas,  8  miles  S.  of  Atchison,  and 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  gas-works,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and  manufac- 
tories of  sash,  blinds,  and  woollen  goods.  The  township  is 
drained  by  the  Stranger  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1357. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  366. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Madison,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish,  La. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  2  miles  from  Georgetown  Station,  and  about  44  miles 
W.iST.W.  of  Baltimore.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  120. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  on  the  Fall  River  &  New 
Bedford  Railroad,  2  miles  from  New  Bedford,  Mass. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Isabella 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Union  township,  on  the  Chippewa  River, 
about  46  miles  W.  of  Bay  City,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  St, 
Louis.  It  has  2  banking-houses,  a  brick  court-house,  2  news- 
paper offices,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour, 
staves,  &c.     Pop.  in  1880,  1115;  in  1890,  2701. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  693. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co.. 
Miss.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss., 
12  miles  E.  of  Woodville. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Bates  oo.,  Mo.  Pop. 
2688.     It  contains  Butler. 

Mount  Pleasant,  township,  Cass  co..  Mo.    Pop.  712. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo., 
on  a  branch  of  Grand  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and 
about  48  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1853.    See  also  Pleasant  Mount. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1230. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb., 
near  Weeping  Water  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Omaha.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Seward  oo..  Neb.,  on 
the  Midland  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Dennis  township.  Cape 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  By 
E.  of  Cape  May  Court-House. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  i  mile 
from  Port  Oram,  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Dover  Station.  It 
las  valuable  iron-mines. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-offioe  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.T. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.   It  has  3  steam  saw-mills. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River.  Pop.  5189.  It  contains  Beekman- 
town,  PleasantvillB,  Sleepy  Hollow,  Ac. 


Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  9  miles  E.  of  Concord,  and  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  contains  the  North  Carolina 
College  (Lutheran),  which  was  organized  in  1869, 2  churches, 
and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  400;  of  the  township,  1332. 

Mount  Pleasant,  or  Mount  Healthy,  a  village 
of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Springfield  township,  2J  miles  from 
College  Hill  Station,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  carriage- factory,  and  general  stores. 
Here  is  Mount  Healthy  Post-Office. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.,  about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Cadiz.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
boarding-school  of  the  Friends,  a  union  school,  and  severil 
mills.     Pop.  750 ;  of  the  township,  2327. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  oo.,  Oregon, 
near  the  N.  Fork  of  Santiam  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Marion 
Station,  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Pleasant,  township,  Adams  co..  Pa.    P.  1947. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tyrone. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  751. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Low  Grade  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  A 
Chestnut  Hill  Railroad,  8  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1321.     It  has  an  abundance  of  good  coal. 

Mount  Pleasant,  township,  Wayne  co..  Pa.   P.  1952. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-borough  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  <fc  Baltimore  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Connellsville,  and  about  32  miles  S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks, 
a  classical  institute,  and  several  manufactures  of  coke.  Coal 
is  mined  near  it.    Pop.  (1890)  3652 ;  of  the  township,  7788. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-town  and  favorite  resort, 
capital  of  Berkeley  oo.,  S.C,  delightfully  situated  on 
Charleston  Harbor,  3^  miles  B.  of  the  city  of  Charleston. 
It  has  7  churches  of  various  denominations,  schools  for 
white  and  colored,  a  cannery,  a  spoke-factory,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-yillage  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Institute,  3  churches,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Titus  co., 
Texas,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  money-order  post-office.    P.  (1890)  963. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  co., 
Utah,  is  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Range  of  moun- 
tains, 45  miles  S.S.E.  of  York  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  2004;  in  1890,  2254. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Prince  William  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Alexandria  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.  of  Quantico. 

Mount  Pleasant,  tipost-hamlet  of  Spottsylvania  co., 
Va.,  about  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Mount  Pleasant,  township.  Green  co.,  Wis.   P.  1110. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Racine  co.,  Wis. 
Pop.  2341. 

Mount  Pleasant,  Brant  co.,  Ontario.    See  Mohawk. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  N.  of  Millbrook.  It  contains  2  churches,  a 
carding-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  flour-,  oat-,  and  saw-mills, 
and  5  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Mount  Pleasant  Mills,  post-office,  Snyder  oo..  Pa. 

Mount  Pow'ell,  Colorado,  is  a  peak  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  39°  45'  19"  N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  3"  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  13,398  feet. 

Mount  Prince'ton,  Colorado,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Saguache  Range,  near  lat.  38°  45'  N.  Altitude,  14,199 
feet.     It  is  about  20  miles  S.  of  Granite. 

Mount  Pros'pect,  or  Browns'town,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  about  38  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Al- 
bany,    rt  has  several  churches. 

Mount  Prospect,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Pulaski,  pu-las'kee,  a  post-village  of  Logan 
CO.,  111.,  in  Mount  Pulaski  township,  on  the  Gilman,  Clinton 
&  Springfield  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pekin  Branch  of 
the  Wabash  Railroad.  It  is  24  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Decatur,  and  II  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1357;  of  the  township,  2606. 

Mount  Pnt'nam,  Idaho,  formerly  Sublette's 
Peak,  is  in  Oneida  co.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Fort  Hall 


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and  near  lat.  43°  N.  Its  altitude  is  8S54  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  It  is  mostly  composed  of  carboniferous 
and  Silurian  limestones.     Large  pine  timber  grows  on  it. 

Mount  Rainier*  ra'neer  (Indian,  Ta-ko-man,  or  Ta- 
ko-bet,  "  white  peak"),  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the 
Cascade  Range,  is  in  the  S.B.  part  of  Pierce  co.,  Wash., 
about  50  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Tacoma.  Lat.  about 
46°  47'  N.;  Ion.  121°  30'  W.  Estimated  height,  14,444 
feet.  Origin,  volcanic.  Its  sides  are  partly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  fir.  It  was  discovered  by  Vancouver  in 
1792,  and  named  for  Rear-Admiral  Rainier,  R.N. 

Mount'rath)  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  14  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Roscrea.  It  has  a  monastery  and  a  nunnery,  and 
manufactures  of  cottons  and  worsteds.     Pop.  1903. 

Mount  Red'field,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  4688  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Repose,  re-poz',  a  post-office  of  Clermont  oo.,  0. 

Mount  Ri'ga,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Harlem  and  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut 
Railroads,  4  miles  N.  of  Millerton. 

Mount  Rip'ley,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
on  the  E.  boundary  of  Clear  Lake  co.,  near  lat.  39°  10'  N. 
It  rises  about  7500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Rito  Alto,  ree'to  al'to,  Colorado,  a  mountain 
of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  central  part  of  the 
state.     Height,  12,989  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Kerrsville  Station,  and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Car- 
lisle.    It  has  a  church  and  about  20  houses. 

Mount  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Trenton.     Pop.  94. 

Mount  Ross,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroad,  about  60  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Albany.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  vinegar. 

Mount  Ros'zell,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  oo.,  Ala. 

Mount  Roy,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas. 

Mount  Roy'al,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

Mount  Royal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Roy'al,  a  very  picturesque  mountain  on  the 
outskirts  of  Montreal,  Canada,  whose  most  elevated  point 
is  750  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river.  The  slopes  on  the 
lower  part  are  well  cultivated,  but  the  upper  part  is  mostly 
covered  with  wood.  The  summit,  to  which  there  is  a  good 
road  of  very  easy  ascent,  commands  a  grand  prospect,  and 
the  base  is  adorned  with  many  elegant  villas  and  pleasure- 
grounds.  Mount  Royal  Cemetery  (Protestant)  lies  in  a 
picturesque  position  on  the  St.  Laurent  side  of  the  moun- 
tain, and  the  Roman  Catholic  cemetery  on  the  C6te  des 
Neiges  side,  near  where  the  road  crosses  the  spur  of  the 
mountain  that  overlooks  the  city.  On  the  side  of  the 
mountain  facing  the  city  is  a  fine  reservoir,  belonging  to 
the  city  water-works,  cleft  out  of  the  rock;  immediately 
below  it  is  McGill  University.  Mount  Royal  has  been  ex- 
propriated for  a  city  park. 

Mount  Saint  Augustine.    See  Ouchouganat. 

Mount  Saint  Eli'as  (anc.  Taygetus),  a  mountain  of 
Greece,  Morea,  government  of  Laconia,  in  Maina,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Mistra.     Height,  7829  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Elias  (anc.  O'cha),  a  movfntain  of 
Greece,  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Eubcea. 
Height,  4607  feet.  Here  have  been  discovered  the  remains 
of  a  temple  of  Neptune. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  island  of 
Zea  or  Ceos.     Lat.  37°  37'  18"  N.;  Ion.  24°  21'  45"  E. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  island  of 
Milo  (Melos).     Height,  2480  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  island  of 
Pares,  Grecian  Archipelago.     Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  25°  11'  E. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  Santa 
Maura,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Amaxichi. 
Height,  3000  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  the  highest  peak  of  the  island 
of  Santorini,  Grecian  Archipelago,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  island.  Lat.  36°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  28'  45"  E.  It  is  of 
Jimestone  or  marble  formation,  and  1887  feet  high. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  peak  on  the  S.  part  of  the 
island  of  ^gina,  1752  feet  high. 

Mount  Saint  Eli'as,  a  volcanic  mountain  of  North 
America,  stands  on  the  boundary  between  Alaska  and 
British  Columbia,  a  few  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.     It 
is  in  lat.  60°  18'  N.,  and  Ion.  140°  30'  W.     Its  altitude  is 
^aid  to  be  17,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  but,  accord- 
ing to  Guyot,  it  is  14,970  feet. 
Mount  Saint  Gothard.    See  Saint  Gothard. 
Mount  Saint  Helen's.    See  Saint  Helen's. 
Mount  Saint  Mary's  College.    See  Emmittsburg. 


Mount  Saint  Louis,  s^nt  loo'ee,  a  post-village  in 
Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  Sturgeon  River,  20  miles  N.  Df 
Barrie.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  Saint  Vin'cent,  a  station  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  and  on  the  Hudson  River,  1^  miles  below 
Yonkers,  N.Y.  Here  is  the  mother-house  of  the  principal 
congregation  of  Sisters  of  Charity  for  the  United  States, 
also  a  large  Catholic  academy. 

Mount  Sa'lem,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Ey.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Stanford.     Here  is  a  church. 

Mount  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wantage  township, 
Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.  It 
has  a  church,  a  distillery,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Mount  San  Bernardino,  s&n  blr-nar-dee'no,  in  th«. 
S.  part  of  California,  about  75  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles,  is 
a  mountain-peak  which  rises  to  the  height  of  8500  feet. 

Mount  San  Francis'co,  a  mountain  of  Yavapai  co., 
Arizona,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Prescott,  12,052  feet  high. 

Mount  Santanoni,  san^ta-no'nee,  or  Sandanona, 
sanMa-no'na,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  in  the 
W.  part  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Mount 
Marcy.     Its  height  is  estimated  at  4644  feet. 

Mount  Sav'age,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Riverton. 

Mount  Savage,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
is  near  the  mountain  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Cum- 
berland &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  or  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Cumberland.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  % 
machine-shop.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place,  and  very  ex- 
cellent fire-bricks  are  made  here. 

Mount  Savage  Junction,  in  Alleghany  oo.,  Md., 
5  miles  E.  of  Mount  Savage,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pitts- 
burg &  Connellsville  Railroad  with  the  Cumberland  &  Pied- 
mont Railroad. 

Mount's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the  ex- 
treme S.W.  coast  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  between  the 
two  large  promontories  (Horns  of  Cornwall)  respectively 
terminating  in  the  Land's  End  and  Lizard  Point.  In  it  is 
St.  Michael's  Mount. 

Mount's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co., 
Tenn. 

Mount  Sew'ard,  New  York,  a  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks, in  the  S.  part  of  Franklin  co.,  about  6  miles  W.  of 
the  Adirondack  Pass.  It  is  near  lat.  44°  10'  N.  Its  alti- 
tude is  about  5000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Seymour,  see'mur,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks, 
in  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  3928  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Shas'ta,  a  volcanic  peak  in  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal., 
about  lat.  41°  25'  N.,  and  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  is  an  extinct  volcano  of  a  regular  conical 
form,  and  had  an  altitude  of  14,440  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  ascent  of  the  mountain  is  not  difficult  to  one 
who  possesses  sound  lungs  and  sufficient  muscular  power 
and  is  accustomed  to  climbing  mountains.  Below  the  tim- 
ber-line the  slopes  are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine 
trees  of  enormous  size,  some  of  which  are  300  feet  high. 

Mount  Shasta,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  145 
miles  N.  of  Red  Bluff. 

Mount  Shavano,  shi-v&'no,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
Saguache  Range,  near  lat.  38°  37'  N.  Altitude,  about 
14,000  feet. 

Mount  Sher'man,  a  post-office  of  La  Rue  co.,  Ky.,  63 
miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Mount  Sid'ney,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Harrisonburg  to  Staunton,  11  miles  N  E. 
of  Staunton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Sinai,  Arabia.    See  Sinai. 

Mount  Sinai,  si'n§,,  a  post- village  in  Brookhaven  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  2  miles  E.  of 
Port  Jefferson.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  windmill.  It  has 
a  good  but  shallow  harbor,  and  a  large  trade  in  ehell-fish. 

Mount  Sky'Iight,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4967  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Snef'fels,  Colorado,  in  lat.  38°  N.,  Ion.  107° 
47'  21"  W.,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Silverton,  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,158  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  upper  portion 
of  this  peak  is  composed  of  trachyte. 

Mount  So'lon,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
about  110  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  water- 
power  and  several  mills. 

Mount  Sor'rel  (properly  Mount  Soar-Hill),  a 
town  of  England,  oo.  of  Leicester,  on  the  Soar,  and  on  a 
branch  railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Leicester.     Pop.  1995. 

Mount  Ster'ling,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Demopol'r  It  has  2  churchei 
and  a  seminary. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  oo.u 


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111.,  in  Mount  Sterling  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
39  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Quinoy,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jack- 
sonville. It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  2  banks,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  in  1890,  1655;  of 
the  township,  2822. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-hamlot  of  Switzerland  co., 
Ind.,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison,  and  3  miles  from  the 
Ohio  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township. 
Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Burlington 
&  Southwestern  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  5  stores. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lexington  <k  Big  Sandy  Railroad, 
34  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  Another  railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  Cornwell.  It  has  several  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  fumi- 
tnre.  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2087;  in  1890,  3629. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
6305,  inclusive  of  Sedalia. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  township, 
Madison  co.,  0.,  on  Deer  Creek,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
and  a  town  hall.     Pop.  389. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
Hopewell  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  pottery.  Pop.  about  250. 
Here  is  Hopewell  Post-Office. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Utica  township, 
Crawford  co..  Wis.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Mount  Stew'art,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  the  Hillsborough  River,  and  on  the 
Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Souris  Branch,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charlottetown.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  10  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
tannery.     Ship-building  is  carried  on.     Pop.  250. 

Mount  Storm,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Sum'mit,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  at  Summit  Station,  5  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mount  Sunapee,  N.H.      See  Chandlekville. 

Mounts'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Homer 
township.     Pop.  33. 

Mount  Syl'van,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Lindale  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery. 

Mount  Ta'bor,  a  mountain  of  Palestine,  pashalic  of 
Acre,  8  miles  E.  of  Nazareth.  Elevation,  1000  feet  above 
the  adjacent  plain.  It  is  of  limestone  formation,  highly 
picturesque  in  appearance,  and  commanding  noble  views. 
On  it  are  numerous  remains  of  ancient  structures,  and  the 
Greek  and  Latin  monks  believe  it  to  have  been  the  scene 
of  the  Transfiguration. 

Mount  Ta'bor,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  in  Bean 
Blossom  township,  1  mile  from  Stinesville.  It  haa  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  66. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Mount  Tabor  township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.  of  Rutland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  301. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Mount  Tahawu8,  New  York.     See  Mount  Marcy. 

Mount  Talanda,  t&-l&n'dd,,  or  Mount  Khlomo, 
in  Bceotia,  is  4  miles  N.  of  Lake  Topolias. 

Mount  Tecum'seh,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  has 
an  altitude  of  about  4000  feet  above  the  tide. 

Mount  Thorn,  or  Salt  Springs,  a  post-settlement 
in  Pictou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Pictou.  Pop.  400. 

Mount  Tir'za,  a  post-township  of  Person  co.,  N.C, 
about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  1117. 

Mount  Tmo'lus  (Turk.  Kiziljah  Maaa  Tagh,  kizHl- 
j&'  md.'s&  td,g),  a  mountain-range  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Smyrna,  extending  E.  for  about  70  miles,  separating 
the  basins  of  the  rivers  Sarabat  (ano.  Her'mus)  and  Cayster. 
It  is  crossed  by  several  routes,  and  has  on  its  summit  a 
plain  of  fine  pasturage,  interspersed  with  large  trees. 

Mount  To'by,  a  station  at  Mount  Toby  or  Mettawampe, 
in  Leverett  township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Lon- 
don Northern  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Palmer. 

Mount  Tom,  a  mountain  of  Massachusetts,  is  on  the 


W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  in  Hampden  and  Hamp- 
shire  cos.,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  Altitude, 
1214  feet  above  the  sea.  A  peak  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
Mount  Tom  is  locally  known  as  Mount  Non'otuck. 

Mount  Tom,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hampshira 
CO.,  Ma«8.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  East  Hampton 
Branch,  2  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a  large  steaa 
saw-mill. 

Mount  Tomasaki,  to-m&-s&'kee,  Colorado,  a  peak  in 
the  W.  part  of  the  state,  has  an  altitude  of  12,489  feet.  li 
is  near  lat.  38°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  W. 

Mount  Top,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warrington  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Dillsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Tremont,  tr^-mont',  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Carrigain.     Altitude,  3393  feet. 

Mount  Tyn'dall,  Tulare  co.,  California,  a  peak  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  lat.  36°  40'  N.  Its  height  is  es- 
timated at  14,386  feet. 

Mount  Ul'la,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C,  in 
Mount  Ulla  township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Charlotte,  and 
15  miles  from  Salisbury.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1720. 

Mount  Uni'ake,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  International  Railway,  26  miles  N.  of  Hali- 
fax.    In  the  vicinity  are  productive  gold-mines.    Pop.  100. 

Mount  Uniake  Gold  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Hants 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Mount  Uniake  Station. 
Several  gold-mines  are  worked  here.     Pop.  160, 

Mount  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-oface  of  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  BurliAgton  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Mediapolis. 

Mount  Union,  a  post- village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Lex- 
ington township,  on  or  near  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  it 
Chicago  Railroad,  about  58  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  2  churches.  Here  is  the  Mount  Union  College  (Meth- 
odist Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1858.    Pop.  315. 

Mount  Union,  a  post-borough  in  Shirley  township, 
Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  East  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Huntingdon,  and  about  40 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  2  tanneries,  a  steam  flour-mill,  Ac.  P.  (1890)  810. 

Mount  Up'ton,  a  post-village  in  Guilford  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  New 
Berlin  Branch  of  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  and  wagons. 

Mount  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa, 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mason  City. 

Mount  Ver'non,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.  of  Mobile,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Mobile  River.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  barrack  for  the  United  States  troops. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  hamlet  of  Bradley  co..  Ark.,  on 
Bayou  Moro,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It  has  2  stores. 
Here  is  Lanark  Post-Office. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Faulkner  co.,  Ark., 
about  45  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  village  of  Jefi°erson  co..  Col.,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  lime-kiln  and  a  quarry 
of  building-stone. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Qa.,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Oconee  River,  and  100 
miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic 
institute.    Much  pine  timber  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  707. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  77  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Cen- 
tralia.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  steam  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  some  railroad  machine-shops.     Pop.  1 1890)  3233. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  city,  capital  of  Posey  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  33  miles  below  Evansville,  and 
on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  142  miles  E.S.E. 
of  St.  Louis.  By  railroad  it  is  19  miles  W.  of  Evansville. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  and  several  factories.  Three  newspapers  (one 
in  German)  are  published  here.  It  commands  a  fine  view 
of  the  river  for  10  miles  in  each  direction.    P.  (1890)  4705. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  910. 

Mount  Yernon,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad 
(Iowa  division),  16  miles  £.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and 
about  21  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
Cornell  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized 
in  1857,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  977. 


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Mount  Vernon,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Ean- 
eas,  20  miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rock  Castle 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville Railroad,  129  miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  about  50 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  court-house  and  a 
church.     Pop.  252. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Vernon  town- 
ship, Kennebec  oo.,  Me.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  water-power,  a  masonic  hall,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200 ;  of  the  township,  1252. 

Mount  Vernon,  or  Jews'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll 
CO.,  Md.,  2i  miles  S.  of  New  Windsor.     Pop.  51. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Princess  Anne.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  town- 
ship, Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Mount  Vernon,  township,  Winona  co.,  Minn.    P.  634. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  in  Mount  Vernon  township,  about  1  mile  N.  of 
Spring  River,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  30  miles 
E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  brick  court-house,  3  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  jail,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  saw -mill.     Pop.  558;  of  the  township,  3030. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Vernon  town- 
ship, Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  50  miles  from  Boston,  and 
24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  the  McCollom 
Institute,  a  planing-mill,  a  fancy-box-faotory,  and  several 
summer  hotels  and  boarding-houses.    Po^.  of  township,  601. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Eastchester  township,  on  the  Bronx  River,  and  on 
the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad  and  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  several  schools,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,830. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  village  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Pittsborough.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a 
furnace  for  pig-iron,  and  a  mineral  spring.  The  name  of 
itb  post-office  is  Ore  Hill.  Here  is  a  hill  which  contains  an 
abundance  of  iron  ore. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  flouring-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  Vernon  River,  and  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad  and  the  Lake 
Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  45  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  37  miles  S.  of  Mansfield,  and  25  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Newark.  It  contains  numerous  elegant  resi- 
dences, 9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  2  iron-foundries, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  steam-engines  and  boilers, 
furniture,  leather,  sash,  and  doors.  The  river  affords  ample 
water-power.     Pop.  in  1880,  5249  ;  in  1890,  6027. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Oxford  township,  on  Octorara  Creek,  about  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Mount  Vernon,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.    See  Mestrezat. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Davison  co.,  S.D., 
11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  127. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Monroe  oo., 
Tenn.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Sweetwater  Station. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Tex.,  35  miles  S.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  3  churches  and 
an  academy  or  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  589. 

Mount  Vernon,  memorable  as  the  residence  of  General 
Washington,  is  in  Fairfax  oo.,  Va.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank 
of  the  Potomac  River,  15  miles  below  Washington.  The 
river  here  flows  through  beautiful  scenery.  In  1856  the 
mansion  of  Washington  and  6  acres  of  land  were  purchased 
for  $200,000  by  the  Ladies'  Mount  Vernon  Association,  in 
order  to  secure  it  as  a  national  possession. 

Mount  Vernon,  an  incorporated  post-town,  the  capi- 
tal of  Skagit  CO.,  Wash.,  on  the  coast  division  of  the  Great 
Northern  Railway,  68  miles  N.  of  Seattle.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  graded  high  school,  manufactures  of 
shingles  and  lumber,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  about 
1800. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post- village  in  Springdale  township, 
Dane  oo.,  Wis.,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 

Mount  Ver'non,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario, 
on  White  Man's  Creek,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brantford.  P.  100. 

Mount  Vernon  on  the  Potomac,  a  post-office  of 
Fairfax  co.,  Va. 


Mount  Vic'tory,  a  post-village  in  Hale  township^ 
Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  between  Bellefontaine  and 
Gallon,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  2  churches, 
6  stores,  2  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.    Pop.  600. 

Mount  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Mo.,  50 
miles  S.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  View,  a  station  in  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12i  miles 
S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Mount'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Troup  oo.,  Ghi.,  aboat  62 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Monntville,  a  post-office  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn. 

Mountville,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1403. 

Mountville,  Morgan  co.,  0.    See  Loo  Cabin. 

Mountville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
West  Hempfield  township,  on  the  Columbia  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Lancaster  City,  and 
5  miles  E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  and 
a  coach-factory.     Pop.  430. 

Mountville,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.,  about 
66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Mountville,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  oo.,  Va.,  8 
miles  from  Puroellville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Mount  Vin'co,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  oo.,  Va., 
5  miles  N.  of  Maysville. 

Mount  Vision,  vizh'un,  or  Jack'sonville,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Otego  Creek,  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Mount  Vision. 

Mount  Vitio,  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.    See  Brooks'  Station. 

Mount  Waas,  w&ss,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
La  Sal,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  state,  has  an  altitude  of 
12,586  feet.     It  is  near  lat.  38°  32'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  W. 

Mount  Wachusett,  waw-chu'set,  a  post-hamlet  and 
summer  resort  in  Princeton  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
15  or  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Worcester.  Here  are  several 
hotels  and  cottages  on  Wachusett  Mountain. 

Mount  Warn'ing,  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  lat. 
28°  24'  S.,  Ion.  153°  15'  E.,  3300  feet  in  elevation. 

Mount  Wash'ington,  the  highest  peak  of  the  White 
Mountains,  and  the  most  elevated  land  in  New  England,  is 
situated  in  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  about  85  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Con- 
cord. It  is  5850  feet  above  the  Connecticut  River  at  Lan- 
caster, and  6288  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  Its 
summit  much  of  the  time  is  concealed  from  view  among 
the  clouds.  The  sides  are  remarkably  steep,  and  for  about 
three-fourths  of  the  distance  to  the  top  are  covered  with  a 
thick  growth  of  trees.  The  pinnacle  is  in  the  form  of  iv 
cone,  and  consists  of  a  mass  of  broken  rocks.  Mount 
Washington  is  a  popular  place  of  resort.  It  is  ascended 
from  the  N.E.  by  a  winding  carriage-road,  and  the  ascent 
may  be  made  from  the  W.  bj*  steam-railway. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Bullitt  co., 
Ky.,  on  Floyd's  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  distillery,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-implements.     Pop.  340. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bal- 
timore. It  has  3  or  4  churohes,  a  convent,  a  cotton-factory, 
and  5  stores.      Pop.  in  about  1000. 

Mount  Washington,  the  southwesternmost  township 
of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  and  Connecticut 
lines.  It  conUins  Mount  Everett,  which  is  2624  feet  high. 
Pop.  182. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  mountain  of  its  own  name. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-village  in  Anderson 
township,  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  5  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and 
2i  miles  from  Linwood  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mount  Washington,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  on  a  high  hill  about  3  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
now  forms  the  32d  ward  of  the  city  proper.  It  is  connected 
with  the  other  parts  of  the  city  by  the  Mount  Washington 
Inclined  Plane,  on  which  cars  are  drawn  up  by  stationary 
engines  to  an  altitude  of  370  feet.  It  has  5  churches. 
Pop.  1988.  This  place  commands  a  beautiful  and  exten- 
sive view  of  the  city  and  river. 

Mount  Williams,  wil'yams,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in 
lat.  39°  51'  8"  N.,  Ion.  106°  10'  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
11,413  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Wil'ling,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Willing,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co ,  S.C, 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Mount  Wil'son,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  37**  50' 
23"  N..  Ion.  107°  59'  18"  W.,  near  the  source  of  the  Dolores 


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River.     Its  altitude  is  14,280  feet  above  the  sea-level.     It 
is  the  highest  mountain  in  Southwestern  Colorado. 

Mount  Wi'nans,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Camden  Station,  Baltimore.     Pop.  in  1890,  861. 

Mount  Wolf,  York  oo.,  Pa.    See  Manchester. 

Mount  Wolfe,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  oo.,  Ontario, 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bolton.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  Yonah,  Georgia.    See  Cleveland. 

Mount  Zi'on,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ga. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post- village  of  Macon  co.,  111.,  in  Mount 
Zion  township,  on  the  Terre  Haute,  Paris  &  Decatur  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  contains  a  graded  school, 
or  seminary,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1096. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post- village  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ches- 
ter and  Jackson  townships,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bluffton.  It 
has  a  church. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Iowa, 
near  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  A  Des 
Moines  Railroad  (at  Summit  Station),  30  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Ottumwa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co..  Miss. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo..  Mo. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  oo.,  N.C. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Bethel  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.   It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Zion,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  Zion,  a  village  of  Tipton  oo.,  Tenn.,  2  miles 
from  Atoka  Station,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop- 150. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Concord  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Juneau  co..  Wis. 

Moura,  moo'ri  (Port.  pron.  md'r&  or  m5'oo-ri),  a 
walled  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  near  the  Guadiana,  32 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  6176. 

Moura,  a  town  of  Brazil,  State  of  Par£,  on  the  Rio 
Negro,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  AyrSo. 

Mourachkino,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moobashkino. 

Mourad,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Moorad. 

Mourafa,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Moorafa. 

Mourfto,  m8-r5wN»',  a  walled  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  1773. 

Mourcourt,  mooR^kooR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1700. 

Mourghab  and  Mourgab.     See  Moorghaub. 

Mouri^s,  moo^re-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouohes- 
du-Rh6ne,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Remy.     Pop.  2163. 

Mourne,  morn,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Done- 
gal, runs  8  miles  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Foyle  at  Lifford. 

Mourne  Mountains,  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Down, 
extend  about  11  miles  from  E.  to  W.  between  Newcastle,  on 
the  Irish  Sea,  and  Carlingford  Bay.  Their  highest  summits 
rise  to  between  2000  and  3000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mourom,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Moorom. 

Mouroux,  moo^Roo',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Seine- 
et-Marne,  2  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coulommiers.     Pop.  1824. 

Mourzouk,  a  town  of  Fezzan.     See  Moorzook. 

Mousa,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  MoosA. 

Mousam,  mSw'sam,  a  small  river  of  York  co..  Me., 
falls  into  Kennebunk  Harbor. 

Mouscron,  or  Moeskroon,  moos'krSn,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  East  Flanders,  on  a  railway,  near  Menin.  The 
French  defeated  the  Austrians  here  in  1794.     Pop.  7704. 

Mouse  Creek,  a  post-village  of  MoMinn  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  haa  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  4  stores. 

Mouse'hole,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  at 
the  foot  of  a  hill,  on  the  sea-shore,  opposite  to  St.  Clement's 
Isle,  about  3  miles  S.  of  Penzance.  It  was  destroyed  by 
the  Spaniards  during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  in  1695.  The 
port  is  defended  by  batteries. 

Mouse  Island,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me. 

Mouse  Island,  a  small  island  and  fishing  settlement 
in  the  district  of  Burgeo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  3 
miles  from  Channel.     Pop.  70. 

Mouse  River  rises  in  the  Britiah  North- West  Terri- 
tories, Canada,  and  runs  southeastward  into  North  Dakota, 
making  a  large  circuit.  It  turns  towards  the  left,  and 
runs  northward  into  the  British  possessions,  and  enters  the 
Assiniboin  River  about  lat.  49°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  99°  28'  W. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  600  miles. 

Mouse's,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mouse  Tail,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  40  miles  above  Johnsonville.     It  has  a 
Bteamboat-landing. 
121 


Monsh,  a  town  of  Armenia.    See  Moosh. 

Moussoul,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Mosin.. 

Monstiers,  moosHe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  16  miles  S.  of  Digne,  picturesquely  situated  at  the 
foot  of  a  chain  of  precipitous  rooks.     Pop.  1246. 

Mont,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Moor. 

Monta,  mooti  or  md't&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo, on  a  creek  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  Tagus,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Lisbon. 

Moutapilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mootapillt. 

Mouth  Card,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  76  miles 
N.W.  of  Saltville,  Va. 

Mouth  of  Buffalo,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Mouth  of  Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  W. 
Va.,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brownstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Mouth  of  Doe,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mouth  of  East  River,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Va. 

Mouth  of  Jem'seg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Jem- 
seg,  a  deep  channel  which  leads  to  Grand  Lake,  3  miles 
from  Gagetown.  St.  John  and  Fredericton  and  Grand 
Lake  steamers  call  here.     Pop.  150. 

Mouth  of  John's  Creek,  a  village  of  Johnson  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  N.  of  Prestonburg.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  distillery. 

Mouth  of  Kes'wick,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,New 
Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Keswick 
River,  10  miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Mouth  of  Millstream.    See  Apohaqui. 

Mouth  of  Mud'dy,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky.,  86 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mouth  of  Nerepis,  nfir'^-pe,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  St. 
John,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nerepis  River,  and  on  the  Eu- 
ropean &  North  American  Railway,  20  miles  from  St.  John. 
A  long  wooden  bridge  here  spans  the  Nerepis.     Pop.  200. 

Mouth  of  Pigeon,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mouth  of  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Mouth  of  Sca'ry,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Scary  Station,  16i 
miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Mouth  of  Sen'eca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
W.  Va.,  65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Keyser. 

Mouth  of  Syc'amore,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co., 
W.  Va. 

Mouth  of  Wil'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  oo.,  Va., 
on  New  River,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  fiour- 
ing-mill. 

Mouth  of  Wolf,  a  post  hamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  Tenn.,  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Mouth  Saint  Francis  River,  a  post-office  of  Phillips 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  about  12  miles  above  Helena. 

Mouth  Short  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,W.  Va., 
on  Big  Coal  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brownstown. 

Moutier-Grandval,  mooHe-4'-gr6N"'vil',  or  Mfin- 
ster,  miin'st^r,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  22 
miles  N.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1950. 

Moutiers,  mooH,e-a',  a  town  of  Savoy,  on  the  Isdre,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chamb6ry.  Pop.  1946.  It  has  hot  min- 
eral springs. 

Moutier8-les-Bains,a  town  of  France.   SeeVicHV. 

Mouveaux,  mooV5',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3003. 

Monx,  moo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nidvre,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  1697. 

Mouy,  moo^ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Beauvais,  on  the  Th^rain.     Pop.  3198. 

Mouzangaye,  moo-z&n-ghi'&,  a  maritime  town  of 
Madagascar,  on  its  W.  coast,  N.E.  of  Bembatooka  Bay. 

Mouzay,  moo^zi'  (It.Mosom'agua  Remo'rum),  a  village 
of  France,  in  Mouse,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montm^dy. 

Mouzon,  moo^z6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 
on  the  Mouse,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  2220. 

MoVesee',  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Berar.  Pop. 
5332. 

Mo'ville,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 
Lough  Foyle,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Londonderry,  of  which  it 
is  the  port  for  large  steamers.     Pop.  1049. 

Mo'ville,  a  post-office, of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  20  miles 
E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Movisas,  or  Movizas,  mo-vee'z&z  (native,  Mawizi), 
a  people  of  the  S.E.  part  of  Africa,  S.W.  of  Lake  Nyassa. 

Mow,  several  towns  of  India.     See  Mhow. 

Mowanuh,  mo-w&'niih,  a  town  of  India,  Meerut  di- 
vision.    Lat.  29°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  55'  E.     Pop.  6864.    • 

Mowdhar,  mSw'dar,  or  Mau'dha,  a  town  of  India, 
North-West  Provinces,  division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  6413 


MOW 


1914 


MOZ 


Moweaqua,  or  MoAv6qna,  tno-wee'kwa  or  mSw'a- 
kwa,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  111.,  in  Moweaqua  town- 
ship, on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Decatur,  and  36  miles  B.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  848 ;  of  the  township,  1252. 

Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     See  Maui. 

Mower)  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Maubr. 

Mower,  mSw'^r,  a  southeastern  county  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  in  the  W.  part  by  the  Cedar  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  and  Root  Rivers,  which  rise  in 
it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  The  greater  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat, 
/oats,  hay,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
which  meet  at  Austin,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,447 ; 
in  1880,  16,799;  in  1890,  18,019. 

MoAversville,  mSw'^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has 
a  coach-factory. 

Mowilah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Moilah. 

MoAvna  Roa.    See  Mauna  Loa. 

Mowry's  (mow'riz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

M[owrystown,  m5w'riz-t6wn,  a  post-village  of  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  in  White  Oak  township,  about  45  miles  E.  of 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  414. 

Moxacar,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  Mojacar. 

Moxados,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Mojados. 

Moxahala,  mox-a-h&'l^,  a  post-village  of  Perry  oo., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  New 
Lexington. 

Moxente,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Moqente. 

Mox'ley,  a  western  suburb  of  Wednesbury,  England, 
in  Staffordshire.     . 

Moxos,  or  Mojos,  mo'Hoce,  a  subdivision  of  Bolivia, 
in  its  N.  part,  mostly  between  lat.  10°  30'  and  18°  S.  and 
Ion.  57°  40'  and  60°  W.,  having  N.  and  E.  the  territories 
of  Brazil  (from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Guapore)  and 
W.  Peru.  It  comprises  the  towns  or  villages  of  Exalta- 
cion,  Trinidad,  Loreto,  and  Concepcion,  though  chiefly 
inhabited  by  the  Mojos,  a  tribe  of  roving  Indians. 

Moy,  a  river  of  Ireland,  enters  Killala  Bay.  Length, 
40  miles.     It  is  navigable  to  near  Ballina. 

Moy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Armagh.     Pop.  581. 

Moya,  mo'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles 
N.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2851.     Its  cheese  is  of  high  repute. 

Moya,  a  town  composed  of  a  multitude  of  villages  on 
the  island  of  Gran  Canaria,  with  two  primary  schools,  an 
oratory,  and  7  mills  for  grinding  millet.     Pop.  3706. 

Moy^amen'sing,  formerly  a  district  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  running  southward  from  Cedar  Street  (now  South 
Street),  between  the  district  of  Southwark  on  the  E.  and 
Passyunk  on  the  W.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  consolidated 
city  of  Philadelphia,  and  gives  name  to  the  county  prison. 

Moycreedin,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Carysfort. 

Moyenmoutier,moi^6N>»^mooHe-i',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Vosges,  6  miles  N.  of  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  1622. 

Moyenneville,  moi^Snn^^eel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somriie,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1100. 

Moyenvic,  moi^6ij»Veek',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lor- 
raine, 4  miles  S.E.  of  Salzburg.  Pop.  882.  Near  it  is  a 
large  salt-mine. 

Moy'er's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hilltown  township,  4  miles  E.  of  Sellersville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  brick-yard,  and  about  15  houses. 

Moyeuvre  la  Grande,  moi^uv'r'  1&  grftNd,  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  on  the  Ome,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Diedenhofen.  It  has  iron-mines,  a  furnace,  and  a  forge. 
Pop.  3067. 

Moyne  (moin)  River,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia, 
falls  into  Port  Fairy  at  Belfast.     Length,  30  miles. 

Moyobamba,  mo-yo-bim'bi,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital 
of  the  department  of  Loreto,  120  miles  B.  of  Chaoha- 
poyas,  on  the  Moyobamba  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Hua- 
llaga.     Pop.  10,000      It  is  noted  for  its  fine  Panama  hats. 

Moyock,  mo'e-y5k,  a  post-office  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  of  Moyock  township,  1204. 

Moz,  or  Porto  de  Moz,  poR'to  d&  moz,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  230  miles  W.S.W.  of  Par^,  on  the  Xingu 
River,  about  16  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Ama- 
zon. It  hwi.  a  handsome  church,  a  prison,  and  a  port. 
Pop.  4000. 


Mozambique,  or  Mosambiqne,  mo-zam-beek' 
(called  by  the  natives  Mas^ambeek'  or  Maz^amheek'),  a  city 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  and  the  metropolis  of  the  Por- 
tuguese possessions  in  that  quarter,  on  an  island  in  Mozam- 
bique Channel.  Lat.  15°  3'  S.;  Ion.  40°  49'  E.  The  har- 
bor is  an  inlet  of  the  sea  in  the  mainland,  5  miles  deep 
and  5^  miles  wide.  Three  small  rivers  flow  into  it  at  itt 
head,  while  across  its  entrance  extend  three  small  islands, 
which,  with  reefs  and  shoals,  render  the  anchorage  within 
perfectly  safe.  On  the  middle  island,  which  is  about  1^ 
miles  long  and  hardly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide,  stands  the 
city.  The  other  two  islands,  St.  George  on  the  N.  and  St. 
Jago  on  the  S.,  are  covered  with  trees  and  verdure,  while 
the  sandy  area  of  Mozambique,  in  the  middle,  is  entirely 
occupied  by  the  city  and  its  defences.  The  fort  at  the  N. 
end  of  the  island  is  a  great  work,  mounting  80  guns.  At 
the  other  end  of  the  island  is  Fort  Sao  Louren90.  Mozam- 
bique contains  the  governor's  palace,  the  custom-house,  2 
churches,  and  5  chapels;  the  quays  and  wharfs  are  all  con- 
structed in  a  style  of  solidity  far  beyond  the  present  im- 
portance of  the  place.  It  is  still  the  seat  of  a  bishopric, 
subordinate  to  Goa.  On  the  head  of  the  bay  stands  the  vil- 
lage of  Mesuril,  where  the  trade  is  carried  on  with  the  na- 
tives, who  come  down  from  the  interior  at  certain  seasons, 
bringing  ivory,  skins,  copal,  wax,  Ac.  Nearer  to  the  island 
is  Cabeceira  Grande,  where  the  Portuguese  officers  and 
merchants  have  their  villas  and  gardens ;  and,  at  the  end 
of  the  peninsula,  the  village  of  Cabeceira  Pequena  contains 
the  dwellings  of  the  Mohammedans.  The  Banyans,  through 
whose  hands  passes  all  the  trade  with  the  interior,  reside  at 
Lumbo,  a  village  between  the  latter  two.  The  Portuguese 
dominion  does  not  extend  beyond  this  narrow  territory, 
and  even  the  safety  of  Mozambique  has  been  threatened 
more  than  once  by  petty  chiefs.  Pop.  of  the  island,  about 
6000,  of  which  a  few  only  are  Portuguese,  the  remainder 
being  Canareens  (Portuguese  Creoles  from  Goa),  Arabs, 
Banyans,  and  blacks.  Until  1759  the  governor  of  Mozam- 
bique was  subordinate  to  the  viceroy  of  India ;  but  in  that 
year  East  Africa  was  placed  immediately  under  the  crown. 

The  Territory  of  Mozambique,  in  other  words,  the 
country  claimed  by  the  Portuguese,  extends  from  Delagoa 
Bay,  in  lat.  26°  S.,  to  Mazimbi,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Cai>e 
Delgado.  At  Mazimbi  there  is  an  Arab  fort,  bearing  the 
flag  of  the  Sultan  of  Muscat.  The  settlements  on  this  long 
line  of  coast  are  at  Delagoa  Bay,  Inhamban,  Sofala,  Quili- 
mane,  Tete,  Angosta,  Sena,  and  Mozambique.  In  none  of 
these  settlements  is  there  any  occupation  of  territory  be- 
yond the  protection  of  the  forts.  Besides  these,  the  settle- 
ments on  the  river  Zambezi,  extending  up  about  500  miles 
(according  to  Portuguese  estimates,  700  miles  or  even  1500 
miles),  and  comprised  under  the  title  of  Rios  de  Sena,  are 
nominally  included  in  the  government  of  Mozambique. 
These  settlements  are  Sena,  about  100  miles  W.  of  Quili- 
mane  (150  by  the  river),  Zumbo,  150  miles  still  farther  up 
the  river,  and  Mani9a,  not  now  occupied,  250  miles  S.W. 
by  W.  of  Tete.  The  growing  power  of  the  Sultan  of  Zan- 
zibar, and  the  commercial  activity  fostered  with  his  rule, 
and  also  the  advance  of  the  emigrant  Boers  from  the  Cape 
Colony  N.  to  Manila,  have  contributed  to  divert  the  native 
trade  from  the  Portuguese  settlements.  Ivory  is  the  staple 
production  of  these  countries ;  and  about  250,000  pounds' 
weight  of  it  are  exported  from  Mozambique  annually, 
chiefly  to  India.  Coir,  archil,  manna,  copal,  skins,  and 
calumbo  are  collected  along  the  coasts.  The  coffee  of  Sena  is 
said  to  be  excellent.  The  country  is  under  a  governor-gen- 
eral.   Estimated  area,  306,410  square  miles;  pop.  860,000, 

Mozambique  Channel,  a  strait  of  the  Indian  Ocean, 
between  lat.  12°  and  25°  S.  and  Ion.  35°  and  49°  E.,  sepa- 
rating Madagascar  from  the  mainland  of  East  Africa. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  1000  miles ;  breadth,  250  miles 
in  its  centre,  and  about  600  miles  at  each  outlet.  The 
coasts  are  a  good  deal  broken,  but  only  the  inlets  of  Mozam- 
bique and  Sofala  are  of  much  size.  It  receives  the  Zam- 
bezi River,  and  on  it  are  the  chief  towns  of  the  Mozambique 
dominions,  with  Moorondaya,  Boyana,  Bembatooka,  Na- 
reenda,  and  Passandava,  on  the  island  of  Madagascar.  In 
its  N.  outlet  are  the  Comoro  and  Querimba  island  groups. 

Mozdok,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mosdok. 

Mozet,  mo-zi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles  E.  of  Na- 
mur,  on  the  Samson.     Pop.  1610. 

MoZ'Ghar,  moz^gaR',  a  town  of  India,  principality 
and  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor,  defended  by  a  lofty  fortress. 

Mozhaisk,  Mojaisk,  mo-zhisk',  or  Moschaisk,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  63  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mos- 
cow, on  an  affluent  of  the  Moskva.  Pop.  4160.  It  has  a 
strong  citadel,  a  cathedral,  and  large  salt-magazines.  Near 
it  the  battle  of  Borodino  was  fought,  September  7,  1812. 


MOZ 


1915 


MUD 


Mozuffergurh,  or  Muzufiergarh,  m9z-uf^f9r-gur', 
a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Mozuffergurh  district,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Mooltan.     Pop.  4719. 

Mozuffergurh,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  India,  in  the 
Mooltan  division.  Area,  2954  square  miles.  Capital,  Mo- 
zuffergurh.    Pop.  295,547. 

Moznfiernuggur,  or  Muzafiernagar,  mpz-tirf^r- 
nug'giir,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Mozuffernuggur  dis- 
trict, 70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  10,748. 

Mozuffernuggur,  a  district  of  India,  North-West 
Provinces.  Lat.  29°  10'-29°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  6'-78°  10'  E. 
Area,  1659  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  plain,  with  the 
Ganges  on  the  E.  and  the  Jumna  on  the  W.  Capital,  Mo- 
zuffernuggur.    Pop.  690,107. 

Mozutferpoor,  or  Muzufferpoor,  m9z-iirf§r-poor', 
a  district  of  Bengal,  in  Bahar,  bounded  S.  by  the  Ganges, 
and  S.W.  by  the  Gunduck.  Area,  2823  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Mozufferpoor.     Pop.  2,188,382.  . 

Mozufferpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Mozuf- 
ferpoor district,  on  the  Little  Gunduck,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Patna.  It  is  well  built  and  clean,  with  good  schools,  a 
jail,  collectorate,  temples,  court-houses,  and  other  public 
buildings,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  38,223. 

Mozyr,  or  Mozir,  mo-zeen',  a  town  of  Russia,  146 
miles  S.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Pripets.     Pop.  4166. 

Mozzate,  mot-si'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Como,  near  the  Bozzente.     Pop.  of  commune,  1834. 

Mrima,  mree'mi  ("the  hill"),  a  name  sometimes  given 
to  a  region  on  the  E.  African  coast,  between  lat.  40°  and  8° 
S.     It  is  of  coral  formation,  and  is  sparsely  peopled. 

Mroczen,  m'rotch'fin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Posen,  19 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  1637. 

Mroslaw,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Mislitz. 

Mseno,  m'si'no,  or  Mscheno,  m'shi'no  (Ger.  Wemt- 
aen,  ^fim's^n),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles  W.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pod.  2375. 

Msila,  m'see'lS,,  a  town  of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  119 
miles  S.E.  of  Algiers,  intersected  by  the  Wady  Msila.  It 
has  some  jewellers,  dyers,  and  wool-carders. 

Msket,  m'skfit,  Mtskheti,  m'sKfit'ee,  or  Meschiti, 
m§3-kee'tee,  written  also  Mschit  and  Misketi,  a  very 
ancient  town  of  Russia,  Georgia,  in  the  angle  formed  by 
the  confluence  of  the  Aragvi  with  the  Koor,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Tiflis.  It  is  said,  when  formerly  the  capital  of  Georgia, 
to  have  been  20  miles  in  circuit  and  to  have  contained 
80,000  men  capable  of  bearing  arms.  It  now  consists  of 
mean  houses,  many  of  them  half  and  some  of  them  wholly 
under  ground,  but  has,  among  other  remains  of  ancient 
magnificence,  a  spacious  and  beautiful  cathedral,  the  ruins 
of  the  ancient  palace  of  the  Georgian  princes,  and  an  old 
castle.  Msket  is  supposed  to  be  the  Artaniaaa  and  Misletta 
of  Pompey,  and  the  Harmastia  of  Pliny. 

Msta,  m'sti,  or  Masta,  m3,-sti',  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Tver  and  Novgorod,  enters  Lake  Ilmen  a 
little  S.  of  Novgorod,  after  a  tortuous  N.  and  W.  course  of 
250  miles,  for  most  part  of  which  it  is  navigable ;  and  at 
Voltchok  a  canal  proceeds  to  connect  it  with  the  Tvertsa, 
and  thus  unite  the  Baltic  and  Lake  Ladoga  with  the  Volga 
and  Caspian  Sea. 

Mstislavl,  m'stis-livl',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  54  miles  E.N.E.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Sozh,  an  aflSuent 
of  the  Dnieper.  Pop.  6648.  It  has  numerous  churches,  a 
synagogue,  monasteries,  a  college,  school  for  nobles,  and 
trade  in  hemp  and  grain. 

Mtskheti,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Msket. 

Mtzensk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mzensk. 

Muab,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Mooab. 

Muar,  a  state  of  Malay.    See  Seqamet. 

Mu^barakpoor',  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district. 
Pop.  12,068, 

Mubarrez,  £1,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  El  Mebarrez. 

Much,  a  mountain  of  Beloochistan.     See  Wushutee. 

Muchachinock,  mutch-a-ki'n5k,  a  post-village  of 
Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in  Des  Moines  and  Harrison  townships, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  5  miles  S.  of  Oskaloosa. 
It  has  a  church  and  3  coal-mines. 

Muchamiel ,  moo-ch&-me-ll',  a  town  of  Spain,  prorinoe 
and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2044. 

Miicheln,  miiK'^ln,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Geisselbach.   Pop.  1431. 

Much  Wenlock,  a  town  of  England.    See  Wenlock. 

Muck,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eig.     Length,  about  2  miles. 

Muck,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington. 

Muck'alee  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southward  through 
Sumter  .ind  Lee  cos.,  and  enters  the  Kinchafoona  Creek 
about  2  miles  N.  of  Albany.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 


Muck^ataewagam'ing,  a  long  narrow  lake  of  the 
district  of  Algoma,  Ontario,  on  the  Whitefish  River,  which 
flows  to  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Huron  in  lat.  46°  21'  N.,  Ion. 
81°  W. 

Muck'ish,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  oo.  of  Done- 
gal, 5  miles  S.  of  Dunfanagby. 

Muckle  Roe,  or  Meikle  Rhoe,  an  island  of  the 
Shetland  group,  in  St.  Magnus  Bay,  W.  coast  of  mainland. 
Pop.  216. 

Muckrana,  miik-kr&'n&,  a  town  of  Northwestern  India, 
Rajpootana,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Ajmeer. 

Muck'ross,  a  peninsula  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  ol 
Kerry,  between  the  middle  and  lower  lakes  of  Killamey, 
with  ruins  of  an  abbey  founded  in  1440. 

Muckuddra,  mfik-kiid'dri,  a  village  of  India,  prov- 
ince of  Malwah,  118  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Oojein,  in  a  circular 
basin  enclosed  by  steep  hills. 

Muck^wanpoor',  a  strong  hill-fortress  of  Nepaul,  18 
miles  S.  of  Ehatmandoo. 

Mucuri,  moo-koo-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  falls  into  the 
channel  between  the  reef  of  Paredes  and  the  mainland,  in 
lat.  18°  6'  S.    Total  course,  150  miles. 

Mudania,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Moodania- 

Mud  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  1 
mile  from  Milton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mud  Creek,  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  joins  the  Tippecanoe. 

Mud  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Mud  Creek,  Illinois.     See  Saint  Libory. 

Mud  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  9  milet 
N.  by  W,  of  Marion  Centre. 

Mud  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss. 

Mud  Creek  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinch  oo.,  Ga^ 
16  miles  from  Stockton.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-milL 

Mud'dy,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo. 

Muddy  Bayou,  a  post-office  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark. 

Muddy  Branch,  or  Saint  Philippe  d'Argen 
teuil,  sS.N»  feeMeep'  daB^zhftuo^tuP,  a  post-village  in  Ar- 
genteuil  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  Carillon,     It  contains  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Muddy  Creek  or  River,  111.  See  Big  Muddy  River. 

Muddy  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Logan  co,,  runa 
northward,  and  enters  Green  River  on  the  W.  boundary  of 
Butler  CO. 

Muddy  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  northeastward  through 
Pettis  CO.,  and  enters  the  Lamine  River  about  12  m^ea 
N.N.E.  of  Sedalia. 

Muddy  Creek,  Missouri,  flows  into  Crooked  Fork  of 
Grand  River  in  Grundy  co.,  a  few  miles  S.  of  Trenton. 

Muddy  Creek,  Ohio,  flows  into  Sandusky  Bay  of  Lake 
Erie. 

Muddy  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Nemaha  co.,  runs 
southeastward  in  Richardson  co.,  and  enters  the  Nemaha 
River  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Falls  City. 

Muddy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  in  the  S.E.  part  of  York  co. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  oo..  Col. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
972,     It  contains  Portersville. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn,,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  4  Georgia  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Prince  oo..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  8  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  160. 

Muddy  Creek  Forks,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Peawh  Bottom  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Ark. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  creek  of  Ohio,  enters  the  Walhondmg 
River  in  Holmes  co. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co,,  Ind,,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  14  miles  N. 
of  New  Albany.     It  haa  2  churches. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 

Muddy  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  oo..  Mo. 

Mudge  Hollow,  Ontario.    See  Cannins. 

Mudge's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conecuh  eo,,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  109  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Mobile, 

Mudhoobunee,  or  Madhubani,  mild^hoo-biin'ee,  a 
large  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  16  miles  N,E,  of  Dur- 
bungah.  It  has  a  large  trade,  a  hospital,  and  other  publio 
buildin,i;s. 

Mudhoobunee,  or  Madhubani,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
in  Chumparun,  25  miles  E,S.E,  of  Moteehareo,     Pop.  5128, 

Mud^noomat'tee  (or  Madhumati,  mQd'boo-mnt'- 
tee)  River,  one  of  the  main  streams  of  the  Ganges  dell.i, 
bounding  Jessore  district  on  the  E,,  and  traversing  th# 


MUD 


1916 


MUL 


Sunderbunds.  It  is  known  by  various  names  in  difTerent 
parts  of  its  course,  its  estuary  being  often  called  Harin- 
ghata.  It  is  an  important  channel  of  steam  navigation. 
Length,  100  miles. 

Mud  liick,  a  post-hamlet  of  JefiTerson  oo.,  Ind.,  7  or  8 
miles  N.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches. 

Mud  liick,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Mad  Lick)  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Mud  Run,  a  station  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
t  Susquehanna  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Mud  Springs,  a  township  of  EI  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  1572. 

Mudungnnge',  or  Madanganj,  mud-Qn-gfinj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Dacca,  a  suburb  of  Naraingunge, 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  Lukhmia.    Pop.  3000, 

Mugardos,  moo-gaR'dooe,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain, 
Galicia,  N.E.  of  Corunna,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bias 
(ree'is)  or  "  Estuary"  of  Ferrol.     Pop.  2003. 

Mugdul,  a  town  of  India.     See  Muktul. 

Muge,  moo'zhi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estre- 
madura,  11  miles  S.  of  Santarem,  on  a  stream  of  the  same 
name,  an  affluent  of  the  Tagus.     Pop.  1626. 

Miigeln,  mii'gheln,  a  town  of  Saxony,  29  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2525.     Near  it  is  a  fine  castle. 

Muggendorf,  m55g'gh§n-doRr,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
Upper  Franconia,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Nuremberg. 

Muggensturm,  m56g'gh§n-8t56Rm*,  a  village  of 
Baden,  11  miles  by  rail  from  Baden.     Pop.  1931. 

Muggia,  mood'j&,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Austria,  on 
the  Gulf  and  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Triest.     Pop.  1877. 

Mtiglitz,  miio'lits  (Moravian,  Mohelnice,  moh-4l-neet'- 
sk),  a  town  of  Moravia,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz,  on  the 
March.     Pop.  3833.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs. 

Mugnano,  moon-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  4303. 

Mugnano  del  Cardinale,  moon-y&'no  6.h\  kaR-de- 
ni'Ii,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino.     Pop.  4090. 

Mugribee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Maohribbe. 

Mu^habun',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Jumna,  district 
and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Muttra.     Pop.  6933. 

Muhalitch,  milh-&-leetoh',  or  Mikhalitch,  miK^hi- 
leetch'  (improperly  Mohalitz),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
37  miles  W.  of  Brusa.  Pop.  11,000.  It  exports  silk,  wool, 
valonia,  and  fruits  to  Constantinople,  and  imports  foreign 
gqpds,  chiefly  overland  from  Smyrna,  to  about  £6000  in 
value  annually. 

Mnham^madpoor',  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district,  Ben- 
gal, with  a  large  trade.     Pop.  4140, 

Muham^medpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Jessore.  It  was  a  place  of  great  population,  but  in  1836 
was  desolated  by  a  pestilence,  and  is  now  nearly  all  in  ruins. 

Muhatwaram,  an  island  of  India.    See  Mtttwal. 

Muhesi,  or  Mahesi,  mu-hSs'ee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
In  Boglipoor,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madahpoora.     Pop.  5678. 

Muhlau,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Mylau. 

Miihlbach,  mUrbiK,  or  Miihlenbach,  miil'^n-blK^ 
(Hun,  Szasz-Sebes,  siss-si'besh),  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hermannstadt,  with  woollen-factories, 
breweries,  and  a  wine-trade.     Pop.  6644. 

Miihlberg,  miil'bSRO,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  53 
miles  E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3317. 

Miihlberg,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1345. 

Miihiburg,  miil'bddRG,  a  town  of  Baden,  about  1  mile 
W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2886. 

Miihldorf,  miil'doRf,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  on  the 
Inn,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2453. 

Muhlenberg,  mli'l^n-berg,  a  township  of  Berks  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1547. 

Muhlenberg,  or  Mnhlenbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Lu- 
eerne  co..  Pa.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Muhleuburg,  or  Muhlenberg,  mu'l^n-burg,  a 
county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  484 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Green  River, 
on  the  E.  by  Muddy  River,  and  also  drained  by  Pond  River. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of 
coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Newport  News  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  and  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Greenville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,638;  in  1880, 15,098;  in  1890,  17,955. 

Muhlenbnrg,  township,  Pickaway  oo.,  0.     Pop.  997. 
Mnhlenburg  Mine,  a  station  and  coal-mine  in  Muh- 
leuburg CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louitville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Greenville. 

Mtihlhauseu,  miil'how^z^u  (Fr.  Muhlhouee,  milHooz'), 


a  town  of  Prussia,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Unstrut. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  gymnasium,  3  hospitals,  an  orphan 
asylum,  a  workhouse,  an  institution  for  the  education  of 
neglected  children,  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloth, 
leather,  and  tobacco,  and  several  breweries,  distilleries,  and 
oil-mills.  Copper  and  iron  ore  are  worked  in  the  neigh- 
borhood.    Pop.  20,926.     See  also  Mt)LHAUSEN. 

Mtihlhansen  (anc.  Melidunum  f),  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  3310. 

Miihlheim,  miil'him,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
on  the  Rodaubach,  near  the  Main.     Pop.  1731. 

Mtihlingen,  mii'ling-f  n,  is  the  name  of  two  contiguous 
villages  of  Anhalt-Bemburg.     Pop.  2582. 

Miihltroff,  miil'trSf,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Plauen.     Pop.  2161. 

Muhr,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  MuR. 

Muhrag,  or  Mahrag,  mQ-HLg',  a  town  of  India,  Fo- 
rozepoor  district.  •  Pop.  5681, 

Mn^hntwar',  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces, 
division  of  Benares,     Pop,  8301, 

Maiden,  moi'd^n,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Vecht  in  the  Zuyder  Zee.     Pop.  1613. 

Mniderberg,  moi'd^r-b^RO^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  2  miles  E.  of  Muiden. 

Mnilrea,  or  Mnlrea,  mfiPri',  a  mountain-range  of 
Ireland,  oo.  of  Mayo,  screening  the  N.  side  of  Killery  Har- 
bor.    Elevation  of  highest  summit,  2688  feet. 

Mnir,  miire,  a  post- village  in  Lyons  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Grand  River,  opposite  the  village  of 
Lyons,  and  on  the  Detroit  <t;  Milwaukee  Railroad,  7  miles  £. 
of  Ionia,  and  41  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
machine-shop,  6  lumber-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures 
of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  900. 

Mniravonside,  miir-a'vpn-side,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Stirling,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Falkirk.  It  has  many 
elegant  mansions,  an  ancient  castle,  and  romantic  scenery. 
The  Edinburgh  i,  Glasgow  Railway  is  here  carried  across 
the  Avon  on  a  superb  viaduct.     Pop.  of  parish,  2653. 

Muirkirk,  mOr'kirk,  a  large  village  of  Scotland,  co, 
and  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ayr  by  railway.  It  has  extensive 
iron-smelting-works  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  3797. 

Muirkirk,  mQr'kirk,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Mnirton,  mu'9r-t9n,  or  Murton,  mur'tpn,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  in  Myers  township,  7  miles  E. 
of  Spickardsville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Muitzeskil,  mut'zes-kll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Schodack  township,  2^  miles  from  Schodack 
Landing.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Mukallah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Makallah. 

Mukdeesha,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Magadoxo. 

Mukden,  a  city  of  Manchooria.     See  Mookden, 

Mukenai,  the  Greek  for  MrcENiS. 

Mukhmas,  m&k-m&s'  (probably  the  Mich'math  of 
Scripture),  a  considerable  village  of  Palestine,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Jerusalem,  surrounded  by  fig-  and  olive-planta- 
tions, but  without  any  vestiges  of  antiquity. 

Mukilte'o,  a  post-village  of  Snohomish  co.,  Washing- 
ton, on  Puget  Sound,  48  miles  N.  of  Tacoma,  It  has  a 
brewery,  and  a  cannery  for  salmon. 

Mnkknd,  mfik-kiid',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  lat.  33** 
10'  N.,  Ion.  71°  60'  E.,  on  the  Indus,  about  20  miles  above 
Caulabagh. 

Mnkonos,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Mrcoirus, 

Mukran,  a  province  of  Belooohistan.    See  Mekran. 

MnkUsar',  town  of  India,  Ferozepoor  district,    P,  4694. 

Muktul,  milk-tul',  or  Mug'dul,  a  town  of  India, 
Nizam's  dominions,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad,  and  a 
British  military  station. 

Muk^urdapooram',  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Cochin 
state.     Area,  418  square  miles.     Pop.  114,974, 

Muk'wa,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.     Pop.  966. 

Mukwon'ago,  a  post- village  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis., 
in  Mukwonago  township,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Milwau- 
kee. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flonr-mill. 
Pop.  about  400 ;  of  the  township,  1136. 

Mnla,  moo'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
W.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  6610.  It  has  manufactures  of  pot- 
tery, and  in  its  neighborhood  are  warm  mineral  baths. 

Mulahacen,  moo-l4-i-th4n',  or  Mnlhacen,  mool-i- 
thfin',  in  Granada,  Spain,  is  the  highest  mountain-summit 
in  the  Spanish  peninsula,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Alps,  the  highest  in  Europe,  having  an  elevation  of  11,658 


MUL 


1917 


MUL 


feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  37°  10'  N.  j  Ion.  3" 
28'  W.  It  is  perpetually  covered  with  snow  above  the 
height  of  9500  feet.    See  Sierra  Nevada. 

Mul'berry,  a  post-office  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  about  16 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Selma. 

Mulberry,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rook  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Fort 
cimith.     It  has  3  churches  and  6  business  houses. 

Mulberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  about  54 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church. 

Mulberry,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Railroad,  16  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Lafayette. 

Mulberry,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  521. 

Mulberry,  a  post-office  of  Saline  oc,  Kansas,  9  miles 
N.  of  Brookville  Railroad  Station. 

Mulberry,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles 
E.S.E.  of  La  Cygne,  Kansas.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine- 
shop,  Ac. 

Mulberry,  a  post-township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  48 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Statesville.     Pop.  1362. 

Mulberry,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

Mulberry,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  12  or  13  miles 
W.  of  York. 

Mulberry,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
62  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  124. 

Mulberry  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0., 
about  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  steam  mill. 

Mulberry  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  Baker  co.,  runs 
southward  along  the  W.  border  of  Autauga  co.,  and  enters 
the  Alabama  River  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Selma. 

Mulberry  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  Chattahoochee  River  in  Harris  co. 

Mulberry  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Ellsworth  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  Saline  River  in  Saline  oo.,  about  3 
miles  N.  of  Salina. 

Mulberry  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Caldwell 
00.,  runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Catawba  in  Burke  oo. 

Mulberry  Fork  or  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Blount 
CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Walker  co.,  and  enters  the 
Black  Warrior  River  on  the  W.  boundary  of  Jefferson  co. 
It  is  about  130  miles  long. 

Mulberry  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  Powells  River,  about  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  KnoxviUe.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Mulberry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Qa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Mulberry  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Bond  co..  111.,  in 
Mulberry  Grove  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc 
Terre  Haute  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Vandalia,  and 
68  miles  from  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1738. 

Mulberry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  "of  Crawford  co.,  Kan- 
sas, about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Scott.    Pop.  64. 

Mulberry  River,  Alabama,  is  one  of  the  head  forks 
of  the  Tuscaloosa. 

Mulberry  River,  Arkansas,  a  small  stream  which 
drains  part  of  Johnson  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters 
the  Arkansas  River  in  Franklin  co. 

Mulchen,  mool-chen',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
Biobio,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Los  Angeles.     Pop.  4828. 

Mulde,  mo6I'd§h,  a  river  of  Saxony,  Prussia,  and  An- 
halt,  rises  in  the  Erzgebirge,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  130 
miles,  joins  the  Elbe  on  the  left,  at  Dessau. 

Mnl'don,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Aberdeen.  A 
branch  railroad  connects  it  with  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  church. 
About  3000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  annually. 

Mul'draugh,  a  post-village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  near 
the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  26  miles  ^.S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church, 
salt-wells,  and  a  fine  railroad  bridge.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mule  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga. 

Mule  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Mul 'grave,  a  cape  and  port  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Alaska,  and  on  Behring's  Strait.'  The  port,  lat.  59'*  33'  N., 
Ion.  139°  43'  W.,  has  anchorage  for  large  vessels. 

Mul'grave,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Port  Robinson.    It  has  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  100. 

Mul'grave  Archipelago,  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Micro- 
nesia, comprises  various  groups  between  lat.  3°  S.  and  12° 
N.  and  Ion.  160°  and  177°  E.,  including  the  Radaok,  Ralick, 
Marshall  and  Mulgrave  Islands. 

Mulgrave  Islands,  a  group  in  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  the  above  archipelago,  about  lat.  6°  14'  N.  and 
Ion.  171°  56'  E. 


Mulhacen,  a  mountain  of  Spain.    See  McLAHAcn. 

Mulhar,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Malhar. 

Miilhausen,  miil'h5w'zfn  (Fr.  Mulhouie,  mUrooi'; 
anc.  Ariahinum  T),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  61  milet 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg,  on  the  railway  to  Basel.  It  is  divided 
into  the  old  and  the  new  town.  The  former  stands  on  aa 
island  formed  by  the  111,  which  here  divides  into  several 
branches  and  is  crossed  by  four  bridges.  The  streets  are 
generally  winding,  but  tolerably  wide,  well  paved,  and 
clean,  and  lined  with  well-built  houses.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  Reformed  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
h&tel-de-ville,  and  college.  The  new  town,  S.E.  of  the 
old,  extends  from  the  right  bank  of  the  111  to  the  Rhone 
A>  Rhine  Canal,  which  has  here  a  capacious  basin.  The 
streets  are  spacious  and  regular.  Till  the  middle  of  the 
last  century,  the  only  manufacture  of  any  consequence  in 
the  town  was  woollen  cloth ;  but  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
prints  and  muslins  has  made  such  progress  that  Miilhausen 
now  ranks  as  an  important  manufacturing  town.  In  addition 
to  the  branches  already  mentioned,  others  have  been  intro- 
duced, particularly  flowered  silks,  damask  and  other  linen, 
hosiery,  gloves,  morocco,  hardware,  straw  hats,  paper, 
starch,  parchment,  and  chemical  products.  There  are  also 
numerous  worsted-  and  flax-mills,  extensive  engine-works, 
and  tanneries.  The  trade  is  very  important,  and,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  articles  of  manufacture,  includes  corn,  wine, 
brandy,  groceries,  and  raw  cotton.  Miilhausen  possesses  a 
court  of  commerce,  chamber  of  manufactures,  industrial 
society,  and  communal  college.  It  was  formerly  the  capital 
of  a  small  republic,  but  in  1798  it  became  incorporated  with 
France.     Pop.  in  1875,  58,463 ;  in  1890,  76,892. 

Mulheeabad,  or  Malliabad,  muree-^b&d',  a  town 
of  India,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  7333. 

Miilheim,  or  Miillheim,  miil'hime,  a  town  of  Baden, 
on  a  railway,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3089. 

Miilheim-  (or  Mfillheini-)  am-Rhein,  miirhlme 
4m  rhin,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine,  here  crossed  by  a  sus- 

Eension -bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  synagogue,  ship- 
uilding  docks,  manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  cassimere, 
leather,  vinegar,  brandy,  ribbons,  velvet,  <fec.,  and  a  trade 
in  corn  and  timber.     Pop.  17,363. 

Miilheim -am -Ruhr,  miil'hime  &m  rooR,  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dus- 
seldorf,  on  the  Ruhr,  which  here  becomes  navigable.  It 
ha«  3  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  casino,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen  cloth,  paper,  tobacco,  soap,  starch,  glass, 
cottons,  and  gunpowder,  a  large  factory  at  which  steam- 
engines  are  made,  ship-building  yards,  and  an  important 
trade,  particularly  in  coal,  which  is  worked  in  the  neigh- 
borhood.    Pop.  15,277. 

Mulhouse,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  MOlhauskn. 

Mulk,  miilk,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  62  miles  S.W.  of 
Angora,  with  some  curious  caverns. 

Mulkapoor,  or  Malkapur,  mflrk&-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  in  Berar,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Akola.     Pop.  7988. 

Mul'keytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  III.,  S 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  a  church. 

Mull,  mull,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Hebrides  Islands, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle.  Length,  30 
miles ;  breadth,  25  miles.  Pop.,  with  surrounding  islets, 
18,118.  Surface  rugged,  and  chiefly  moorland.  Chief  town, 
Tobermory.  The  Sound  of  Mull,  18  miles  long,  averuga 
breadth  2  miles,  separates  this  island  from  the  di.«trict  of 
Morven,  and  connects  Lochs  Linnhe  and  Sunart. 

Muriaghmore',  Ireland,  a  promontory  of  Connaught, 
00.  and  13  miles  N.  of  Sligo,  projecting  N.  into  Donegal 
Bay,  with  a  harbor  and  a  fishing-village  on  its  E.  side. 

Mullangur,  mariin-gGr',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Ni- 
zam's dominions,  88  miles  N.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

MulMenahone',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  29  miles 
E.  of  Tipperary.     Pop.  818. 

Mulleubach,  Transylvania.     See  Mdhlenbach. 

Mul'Iet,  a  peninsula  of  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Mayo,  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus. 

Mul'Iet  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich., 
on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Petoskev 
The  lake  is  13  miles  long  and  5  miles  wide. 

Mullet  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Fond  dn  Lao  co., 
runs  eastward  in  Sheboygan  co.,  and  enters  the  Sheboygan 
River  at  Sheboygan  Falls. 

Mullett's  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  Huron  River 
3  miles  from  Ann  Arbor. 

Mul'ley'8  Cove,  a  large  fishing-village  in  the  distriot 
of  Bay  de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from  Carbonear. 
Pop.  340. 

Mull  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  oo.,  N.C 


MUL 


1918 


MUN 


Miillheim,  Germany.     See  MUlheim. 

Mull'ica,  a  township  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2265. 

Mullica  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Camden.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  Ac. 

Mullicus  River,     See  Little  Egg  IIahbor. 

Mul'ligan,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  312. 

Mulligaum,  mulMe-gawm',  or  Malliagaum,  mirie- 
gawm'  (Hindoo,  Maligrama,  mi-le-gri'mS,),  a  town  and 
strong  fort  of  British  India,  presidency  and  160  miles  N.E. 
of  Bombay. 

Mul'liken's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Potomac  Bail- 
road,  6  miles  S.  of  Bowie. 

MulMinavat',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  20  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  531. 

MalMingar')  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Westmeath,  on  the  Brosna,  and  on  the  Royal  Canal,  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  has  a  handsome  parish  church  and 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  a  convent,  2  large  schools,  county 
infirmary,  barracks,  and  market-house.     Pop.  5103. 

Mul'IinSy  a  station  in  Kenton  oo.,  Ey.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Covington. 

Mulliu's  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington,  Columbia  k  Augusta  Railroad,  110  miles 
E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manufac- 
tories of  rosin  and  turpentine. 

Mull  of  Gal'Ioway,  a  bold  rocky  headland  forming 
the  extreme  S.  point  of  Scotland,  in  lat.  54°  38'  6"  N.,  Ion. 
4°  51'  15"  W.,  having  a  light-house  325  feet  above  the  sea. 

MuiUoy's',  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mall  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Miillrose,  miilPro'z^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Brandenburg,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  canal  of 
Miillrose,  which  unites  the  Oder  and  Spree.     Pop.  2188. 

Mulrea  Mountains,  Ireland.     See  Muilrea. 

Mul'roy  Bay,  a  deep,  sinuous  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
N.  coast  of  Ireland,  between  Sheephaven  Bay  and  Lough 
Swilly.     Length,  about  12  miles ;  average  breadth,  1  mile. 

Miilsen  Sankt  Jacob,  miil's^n  s&nkt  y&'kob,  a  vil- 
lage of  Saxony,  4  miles  E.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  4528. 

Miilsen  Sankt  Niklas,  miil's^n  s&nkt  nik'l&s,  a  vil- 
lage of  Saxony,  contiguous  to  the  above,  4i  miles  E.  of 
Zwickau.  Pop.  3068.  These  villages  have  important  man- 
ufiietiires  of  cotton  goods,  hosiery,  oil,  Ac. 

Multan,  a  city  of  Punjab.     See  Mooltan. 

Multedo,  mool-t^'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  division  and 
about  6  miles  from  Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  1832. 

Multno'mah,  the  most  populous  county  of  Oregon,  has 
an  area  of  440  square  miles.  It  is  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
state,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  inter- 
sected in  its  W.  part  by  the  Willamette  River,  which  enters 
the  Columbia  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  butter, 
lumber,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
branches  of  which  centre  at  Portland,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,510;  in  .1875,  15,367;  in  1880,  25,203;  in  1890, 
»4,884. 

Mulweeya,^5ol-wee'yi,  or  Moluia  (ano.  Mal'va), 
written  also  Moloia,  the  principal  river  of  Morocco,  rises 
in  the  Atlas,  near  32°  30'  N.  lat.  and  about  4°  20'  W.  Ion., 
and  flows  N.E.  to  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  350  miles. 

Mum'bles  Head,  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  bounds 
Swansea  Bay  on  the  W.,  and  has  a  light-house  in  lat.  51° 
34'  3"  N.,  Ion.  3°  58'  10"  W. 

Mum'ford,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wheatland  township,  on  Allen's  Creek,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  water-power,  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
maohine-shop,  and  a  woollen-factory.  It  is  on  the  railroad 
which  connects  Batavia  with  Canandaigua,  also  on  the 
Rochester  <fc  State  Line  Railroad.     Pop.  about  450. 

Mumford,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex. 

Miimlisweil,  miim'lis-*ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  12  miles  N.N.B.  of  Soleure.     Pop.  1854. 

Mummasburg,  moom'maz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Adams  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Muna,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Moena. 
Munassa,  moo-nis'sa,  a  town  of  India,  97  miles  E.  of 
Odeypoor. 

Mun'cey,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Brydges.     Pop.  100. 

3Iiinchberg,  miinK'bSRG,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Pulsnitz,  and  on  the  Neumarkt  A 


Hof  Railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baireuth.  Pop.  3439.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  hospital  and  manufacture! 
of  cottons  and  linens. 

Miincheberg,  miinK'^h-b^Ra^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder, 
between  two  lakes.     Pop.  3823. 

Miinchen,  a  city  of  Germany.     See  Munich. 

Miinchenbernsdorf,  miinK'en-bfiRns'doRf,  a  town  of 
Germany,  Saxe-Weimar,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gera.  P.  2256. 

MUnchenbnchsee,  munK'§n-b5dK-s4\  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  5  miles  N.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1591. 

Mtinchen-  (or  Monchen-)  Gladbach,  miin'K^n- 
(or  mdn'K^n-)  glid'biK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  varied  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  prints,  paper,  ma- 
chinery, woollens,  <tc.     Pop.  31,970. 

Miinchengr&tz,  milnE'§n-gr£ts,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buntzlau,  on  the  Iser.  Pop.  3199.  It 
has  a  handsome  palace,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
and  of  cotton  and  linen  stuffs. 

Miinchingen,  miinK'ing-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1420. 

Muncie,  mun'see,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Danville. 

Muncie,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Delaware  co., 
in  Centre  township,  is  situated  on  the  West  Fork  of  White 
River,  at  the  convergence  of  3  important  railroads,  54  miles 
N.E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  65  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
several  churches,  an  elegant  court-house,  4  national  banks, 
3  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  electric  lights  and  street- 
railway,  water-works,  and  natural  gas  in  abundance.  It  is 
noted  for  its  many  large  manufactories  of  iron,  steel,  glass, 
agricultural  implements,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  5219  ;  in  1890, 
11,345;  in  1893,  19,856. 

Muncie,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City.    It  has  2  churches. 

Muncie  Creek,  Indiana,  enters  the  White  River  in 
Delaware  co. 

Mun'cy,  a  post-borough  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  is  pleas- 
antly situated  in  a  valley  on  Muncy  Creek,  on  the  Cata- 
wissa  A  Williamsport  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  from  Muncy 
Station  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  and  14  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Williamsport.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary  for  ladies,  2  iron- 
foundries,  a  plough-factory,  and  several  mills  for  lumber 
and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1295. 

Muncy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Sullivan  co., 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River  at  Muncy,  in  Lycoming  co. 

Muncy  Creek,  township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     P.  1510. 

Muncy  Station,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township, 
Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles 
from  Muncy,  and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Muncy  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  on 
Muncy. Creek,  about  27  miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Munda,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Monda. 

Mundaca,  moon-d&'ki,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay,  13 
miles  N.  of  Bilbao,  with  a  small  port.     Pop.  1912. 

Mundatta,  miin-d8,t't&,  a  town  of  India,  dominions 
and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Indore,  on  an  island  in  the  Nerbudda. 
It  has  a  remarkable  pagoda. 

Mundawul,  manM^-wHl',  a  town  of  India,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Maheidpoor. 

Mnn^daAVur',  or  Mandawar,  miin-da-wiir',  a  town 
of  India,  Bijnaur  district,  on  the  Ganges,  about  45  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Meerut.     Pop.  7622. 

Mun'day's  Ferry,  a  shipping-point  of  Woodford  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Harrodsburg. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation. 

Mundeah,  miln'de-&,  a  town  of  India,  Cutch,  on  its  S. 
coast,  25  miles  E.  of  Mandavee. 

Mundelsheim,  mSSn'd^ls-hlme^  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg, 9  miles  S.  of  Heilbronn,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  1619. 

Mtinden,  miin'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gottingen,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Fulda 
and  Werra  Rivers,  here  forming  the  Weser.  Pop.  5607.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  an  old  castle,  a  gymnasium, 
many  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  pottery. 

Miinder,  miin'd^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Hamel,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  2242. 

Munderkingen,  moon'd^r-king^^n,  a  town  of  Wii*- 
temberg,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ehingen,  on  the  Danube 


MUN 


1919 


MUN 


Mnndessor,  mun^fis-sor',  a  walled  town  of  India, 
flwalior  dominions,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Oojein. 

Mundi,  or  Mandi,  miin'dee,  a  hill-state  of  India,  near 
the  Sutlej,  on  the  S.W.  slope  of  the  Himalaya.  Capital, 
Mundi.     Area,  1000  square  miles.     Pop.  134,000. 

Mundi,  mun'dee,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  capital  of  a 
rajahship,  in  the  Jullinder  Doab,  near  the  head  of  the  Beas, 
120  miles  E.  of  Amritsir.  It  has  a  massive  palace  and  a 
well-stocked  bazaar. 

Muud'lah,  or  Mandla,  mund'li,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Mundlah  district,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Jubbulpoor. 
Pop.  4166. 

Mundlah,  or  Mandla,  a  district  of  the  Central  Prov- 
inces, India,  in  the  Jubbulpoor  division.  Area,  4719  square 
miles.     Pop.  213,018. 

Mundleysir,  mund^Ie-seer',  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
Nerbudda,  here  crossed  by  a  ferry,  5  miles  E.  of  Mheysur. 
It  is  enclosed  by  a  mud  wall,  defended  by  a  well-built  stone 
fort,  and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade,  being  on  the  great 
commercial  thoroughfare  between  Northwest  India  and 
the  Deccan. 

Muudo,  moon'do,  a  river  of  Spain,  falls  into  the  Segura 
In  the  district  of  Lietor.     Total  course,  about  60  miles. 

Mun^doo',  or  Mandu,  miinMoo',  a  town  of  India, 
Ahmedabad  district.     Pop.  6774. 

Mun'dy,  a  post-township  of  Genesee  oo.,  Mich.,  about 
0  miles  S.S.W.  of  Flint.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1327. 

Muneepoor,  Munnipoor,  Mnnneepoor,  Muni- 
poor,  Manipur,  mun^e-poor',  or  Munipoora,  miln^- 
e-poo'ra,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  state  of  Munee- 
poor.     Lat.  24°  45'  N.;  Ion.  94°  E. 

Muneepoor,  called  also  Cas^say',  a  native  state  of 
Indo-China,  between  Burmah  and  Assam.  Area,  7600 
square  miles.  It  is  a  large  mountain-valley,  difficult  of 
access,  and  is  under  British  protection.     Pop.  126,000. 

Muneer,  a  town  of  India.     See  Moneah. 

Munera,  moo-ni'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  31 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2047. 

Muneville-Ie-Bingard,  miinVeel'-l§h-biiJo^gaB',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Manche,  arrondissement  of  Coutances. 

Mun'ford,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
8elma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Rome, 
Oa.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores. 

Mun'fordville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hart  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Green  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad,  73  miles  S.  of  Louisville,  and  41  miles  N.E.  of 
Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary.     P.  249. 

Mungasht,  moon^g&sht',  a  strong  fortress  of  Persia, 
province  of  Khoozistan,  on  the  Jerahi,  70  miles  S.E.  of 
Shooster,  at  the  foot  of  the  Mungasht  Mountains,  a  contin- 
uation of  the  Zagros  chain. 

Mungeli,  a  town  of  India.     See  Moongailee. 

Mungen,  mun'j^n,  a  post-office  of  Wood  oo.,  0.,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  on  the  Mansfield  &  Coldwater  Railroad. 

Munger,  miing'g^r,  a  post-office  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City. 

Mungers,  Ontario.    See  Harrow. 

Miingersdorf,  miing'^rs-doRf,  a  village  of  Germany, 
on  the  railway  from  Aix-la-Chapelle  to  Cologne,  5  miles 
from  Cologne.     Pop.  of  commune,  6231. 

Mungerville,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.     See  Burton. 

Muughur,  miing^gflr',  a  walled  town  of  India,  Odey- 
poor  dominions.     Pop.  4000. 

Munglour,  mung-loor',  a  town  of  India,  North-West 
Provinces,  division  Meerut.     Pop.  10,206. 

Mungnia,  moon-ghee'&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Biscay, 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  1073. 

Mungulgheree,  miing-giil-ghSr'ree,  a  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Guntoor. 

Mungulwara,  mung-gul-w&'r&,  a  walled  town  of  India, 
Sattarah  dominions,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bejapoor. 

Munhemuge,  Africa.     See  Monomoezi. 

Munich,  mu'nik  (Ger.  MUnchen,  miin'K^n ;  Sp.  Mona- 
ehio,  mo-ni'che-o;  It.  Munica,  moo-nee'k4 ;  L.  Mona'chium), 
the  capital  city  of  Bavaria  and  of  the  province  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  on  the  Isar,  here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  225  miles 
W.  of  Vienna,  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Augsburg.  Lat.  (of 
Frauenkirche,  1690  feet  above  the  sea)  48°  8'  20"  N. ;  Ion. 
11°  34'  42"  E.  Pop.  in  1890,  348,317,  including  Sendling. 
It  is  finely  situated  in  a  plain,  and  within  the  present  cen- 
tury its  extent  has  been  trebled  by  the  addition  of  new 
quarters  and  suburbs :  it  has  a  handsome  and  lively  general 
appearance.  In  the  old  city  numerous  streets  diverge  from 
a  central  square,  the  Haupt-Platz;  in  the  other  quarters  are 
— Max-Josephs-Platz,  one  of  the  finest  squares  in  Europe, 
a  fine  broad  line  of  street  extending  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  with 
most  of  its  principal  structures  on  its  W.  and  N.  sides; 


these  comprise  the  new  Pinacothek  and  Glyptothek,  or 
museums  of  painting  and  ancient  sculpture,  rich  in  choice 
works  of  art,  the  former  containing  300,000  engravings; 
the  royal  palace,  the  cathedral,  built  in  1468  and  having  2 
towers  333  feet  in  height  and  a  fine  monument  of  the  Em- 
peror Louis  of  Bavaria,  the  churches  of  the  Theatines, 
Jesuits,  Mariahilf,  Frauenkirche,  St.  Michael's,  St.  Louis, 
All  Saints,  St.  Eajetan,  Ludwig's  Kirche,  and  the  Basilica, 
all  richly  ornamented  with  fresco  painting  and  stained 
gla,ss,  Protestant  and  Greek  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  fine 
opera-house,  and  a  post-office.  In  one  square  is  an  obelisk 
100  feet  in  height,  partly  formed  of  cannon  taken  by  the 
Bavarians,  and  in  another  is  an  equestrian  statue,  by  Thor- 
waldsen,  of  the  Elector  Maximilian  I.  Adjacent  to  the  pal- 
ace is  the  Hofgarten,  a  space  surrounded  by  arcades,  and 
near  this  is  a  park.  Among  other  important  buildings  are 
the  com  hall,  the  old  Rathhaus,  the  new  Rathhaus,  the 
propylsea,  the  museum,  the  theatres,  and  the  Festsaalbau. 

Among  the  public  establishments  are  the  Leuchtenberg 
gallery,  formed  by  Prince  Eugene  Beauhamais,  an  academy 
of  arts,  with  a  triennial  exhibition,  salaried  professors,  and 
pensioned  students,  and  a  magnetioal  and  meteorological 
observatory.  The  university,  removed  from  Landshut  in 
1826,  has  about  125  professors  and  1400  students,  280,000 
volumes  and  many  manuscripts,  and  attached  to  it  2  colleges, 
and  philological  and  theological  schools,  a  polytechnic,  and 
numerous  other  schools  of  art  and  science.  The  royal  library, 
occupying  a  stately  building,  has  800,000  volumes,  400,000 
pamphlets,  and  22,600  manuscripts.  Here  is  also  the  Bra- 
zilian collection  made  by  Spix  and  Von  Martius.  Munich 
is  the  residence  of  ambassadors  and  ministers  from  the  dif- 
ferent courts  of  Europe,  and  the  seat  of  the  high  courts  of 
legislature  and  of  law,  and  of  all  the  more  important  offices 
of  the  state.  Except  some  bronze  and  iron  castings,  stained 
glass,  beer,  wax-cloth,  wall-paper,  silk,  and  sugar,  Munich 
has  few  manufactures ;  but  its  telescopes  and  mathematical 
instruments  are  famous,  and  it  is  greatly  resorted  to  by  culti- 
vators of  the  fine  arts.  Many  newspapers  and  magazines  are 
printed  here.  In  a  meadow  to  the  W.  is  the  colossal  bronze 
status  of  Bavaria,  by  Schwanthaler,  84  feet  high.  Near  it 
is  the  "  Hall  of  Fame."  Munich  is  said  to  derive  its  name 
from  having  been  founded  (in  962)  on  a  site  belonging  to  a 
fraternity  of  monka  (in  German,  Monchen,  or  Munchen).  It 
was  walled  by  Otho  IV.  in  1157. 

Muniesa,  moo-ne-4's&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  50 
miles  from  Teruel.     Pop.  1553. 

Mnuilla,  moo-neel'yd,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  1770. 

Mu'nising,  a  post- village  of  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  is 
finely  situated  in  Munising  township,  on  Grand  Island  Bay 
of  Lake  Superior,  40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Marquette,  and  6 
miles  E.  of  Onota.  It  has  a  good  landlocked  harbor,  and 
a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron.    P.  of  Munising  township,  472. 

Munkacs,  moon^kitch',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Latorcza,  80  miles  N.E^  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  8602.  It  baa 
a  strong  hill-fortress,  used  as  a  prison,  Greek,  Roman  Cath- 
olic, Calvinistie,  and  Lutheran  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  hosiery,  alum,  iron,  and  wine.  In  its  vicinity  are  mines 
of  crystal.  It  was  taken  by  the  Imperialists  in  1687,  after 
a  siege  of  three  years. 

Mnukere,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Maunkaiba. 

Munlochy,  mttn-loK'ee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Ross,  on  an  inlet  of  Moray  Firth,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Cromarty. 

Mun'nerlyn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Burke  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Central  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  Here 
are  3  stores. 

MUnnerstadt,  mun'nfr-stitt\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauer,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2063. 

Munniar,  mfin^ne-ar',  a  town  of  India,  North-Weet 
Provinces,  division  Benares.     Pop.  6124. 

Munn's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Moore  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Baleigh. 

Munns'ville,  or  Muns'ville,  a  post-village  of  Madi- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Stockbridge  township,  on  Oneida  Creek, 
and  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.  of  Oneida,  and  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utioa.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-imple- 
ments.    Pop.  313. 

Munn'town,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Munnypoor,  India.    See  Muneepoor. 

Muno,  mil'no,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Lux- 
embourg, 32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1400. 

Munqnart,  New  Brunswick.     See  Bath. 

Muuroe  (mun-ro')  Falls, apost-office of  Summitoo.,0. 

Miinsingen,  mlin'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1211. 


MUN 


1920 


MUR 


Miinsingen,  mun'sing-fn,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  23 
miles  W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  1656. 

Mun'son,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  III.     Pop.  1171. 
Munson,  a  township  of  Stearns  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  760. 
Munson,  a  township  of  Geauga  oo.,  0.     Pop.  761.     It 
contains  Fowler's  Mills. 

Munson  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.  of  Ashtabula. 

Mnn'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nelson  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eeene.  It  has  a 
cotton-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Mnnsonville,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y. 

Munster  (L.  Momo'nia),  the  most  S.  and  largest  of  the 
four  provinces  of  Ireland,  having  N.  Connaught,  N.E. 
Leinster,  and  on  other  sides  St.  George's  Channel  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  9475  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1841, 
2,396,161;  in  1891,  1,168,994.  Surface  highly  diversified. 
Silurian  rocks,  old  red  sandstone,  and  limestone  form  the 
basis  of  the  district.  Coal  is  found  in  Tipperary,  Kerry, 
and  Cork,  The  N.  part  is  watered  by  the  Shannon  River, 
and  the  E.  by  the  Suir.  Several  parallel  mountain-ranges 
separate  the  basins  of  the  Blackwater,  Bandon,  Lee,  and 
Laune,  terminating  in  rocky  peninsulas  on  the  W.  coast, 
bounding  Dingle,  Kenmore,  Bantry,  Dunmanus,  and  other 
bays.  Lough  Derg  is  on  the  N.  border,  and  the  Lakes  of 
Killamey  are  in  this  province.  The  province  is  divided 
into  the  counties  of  Cork,  Clare,  Kerry,  Limerick,  Tippe- 
rary, and  Waterford.  Before  the  Norman  conquest  it  was 
separated  into  the  kingdoms  of  North  and  South  Munster. 

jniinstery  miin'st^r  (L.  Monaate'rium),  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, capital  of  Westphalia  and  of  a  government  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Aa,  78  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cologne,  with  which, 
and  with  Hanover,  it  is  connected  by  railway.  It  was  once 
fortified,  and  is  still  entered  by  8  gates,  though  the  for- 
tifications have  been  levelled  and  planted  and  now  form 
agreeable  promenades.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  an  ancient  Gothic  structure,  the  three  other 
churches  of  Oberwasser,  St.  Leger,  and  St.  Lambert,  all  in 
the  purest  Gothic,  the  town  house,  also  a  beautiful  speci- 
men of  Gothic,  and  a  fine  hall,  called  the  Frieden-Saal,  from 
the  peace  of  Westphalia  having  been  signed  in  it  in  1648, 
the  exchange,  museum,  theatre,  house  of  correction,  and  an 
old  castle,  formerly  the  bishop's  palace,  and  now  occupied 
as  the  governor's  residence.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic bishop,  and  possesses  a  Roman  Catholic  high  school, 
with  philosophical  and  theological  faculties,  a  gymnasium, 
deaf  and  dumb  institution,  veterinary  school,  school  of  de- 
sign, normal  seminary,  and  society  for  the  encouragement 
of  domestic  history  and  antiquities.  The  manufactures 
consist  chiefly  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods,  leather, 
starch,  tobacco,  and  refined  sugar.  The  trade,  which  is 
considerable,  includes,  besides  the  above  articles  of  manu- 
facture, wine,  bacon,  hams,  &o.  Miinster  was  long  governed 
by  independent  bishops,  in  whom  a  warlike  was  often  much 
more  conspicuous  than  a  Christian  spirit;  but  the  most' 
memorable  events  in  the  history  of  the  town  occurred  in 
1535-36,  when  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  fanatics  John 
of  Leyden  and  Bernhard  Knipperdolling,  who,  under  the 
pretext  of  Christian  freedom,  practised  the  grossest  abom- 
inations.    Pop.  in  1885,  44,025;  in  1890,  49,344. 

Miinster^  a  government  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
bounded  N.  by  Hanover.  Area,  2820  square  miles.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Ems  and  the  Lippe.  The  chief 
minerals  are  iron  and  coal.  About  six-sevenths  of  the  in- 
habitants are  Roman  Catholics.     Pop.  443,344. 

Miinster^  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg, 
near  Offenbach.     Pop.  1859. 

Munster,  mSSn'st^r  (Fr.  pron.  mQii»*staiB'),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  10  miles  W.S.W,  of  Colmar.  Pop. 
5148.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  edge-tools,  soap,  Ac. 

Munster,  Switzerland.     See  Moutier-Grandval. 

Mun'ster,  a  post-office  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  the 
Western  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles 
W.  of  Streator.     Here  is  a  grain-elevator. 

Munster,  a  small  post-village  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  in 
Munster  township,  19  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Altoona.  It 
is  on  the  branch  railroad  which  connects  Ebensburg  with 
Cresson.     Pop.  of  the  township,  598. 

Miinsterberg,  miin'st^r-bfiRO*,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 35  miles  S.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Ohlaa.  Pop.  6591.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  breweries,  and  manufactures 
of  plush  and  cotton  stuflfs. 

Miinster eifel,  mtln'st^r-rf^l,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Erft.     Pop.  2312. 

Mtlnsterhausen,  miin'st^r-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Mindel,  22  miles  W.  of  Augsburg. 


Miinster" Mayfeld,  miin'st^r-mi'ffilt,  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1513. 

Mtinsterthal,  miln'st^r-tir,  two  valleys  of  Switzer- 
land, one  in  the  canton  of  Grisons,  the  other  in  the  N.B. 
part  of  the  canton  of  Bern. 

MunsTilie,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  Muknsville. 

Munte,  mun't^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 9  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1000. 

Mun'terville,  a  post-office  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa. 

Muntock,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Mintow. 

Muntok,  miin-tok',  a  fortified  seaport  of  the  island  of 
Banca,  capital  of  a  Dutch  residency  on  the  S.W.  coast. 

Mtinzesheim,  miint's^s-hime',  a  village  of  Baden, 
circle  of  Middle  Rhine.     Pop.  1188. 

Munzifay,  moont'si-fi*  (L.  Mons  Fa'gi),  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  with  a  town  house  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1430. 

Muonio,  moo-o'ne-o,  a  river  of  Russian  Lapland,  joini 
the  TomeA  after  a  S.  course  of  150  miles. 

Muotta-Thal,  moo-ot'ti-t4r,  a  lofty  secluded  valley 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schwytz,  traversed  by  the  river 
Muotta,  and  having  for  its  chief  place  the  village  of  Muotta. 
4  miles  B.S.E.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1759. 

Mnr,  or  Muhr,  mooR,  a  river  of  Austria-Hungary,  rises 
in  Salzburg,  traverses  Styria  throughout,  and  joins  the 
Drave  on  the  left,  in  Hungary,  25  miles  E.  of  Warasdin, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  230  miles. 

Mnrad-Chai,  a  river  of  Turkey.   See  Moorad-Chai. 

Mnrafa,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moobafa. 

Mnrano,  moo-r&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  an  island  1 
mile  N.  of  Venice,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  mirrors  and  other  glass-wares.  In  the  fifteenth 
century  it  had  a  population  of  30,000,  and  its  glass-works 
have  been  celebrated  since  the  eleventh  centifry.  Pop.  3770. 

Muranum,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Morano. 

Muranyalla,  moo'rSn'ySl'lSh*,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Gdmor-and-Kis-Hont,  40  miles  from  Rosennu. 

Muraschkino,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moorashkino. 

Murasson,  mu'r4s^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Avey- 
ron,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-AflFrique.     Pop.  1341. 

Mnrat,  mii^r&',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Can- 
tal,  near  the  Alagnon,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Aurillac,  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Cantal.     It  has  2  tanneries.     Pop.  2854. 

Murat,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  30  miles  E.  of  Cas- 
tres.     Pop.  2072. 

Mnrau,  moo'rSw,  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the  Mur,  2S 
miles  W.  of  Judenbnrg.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1201. 

Muravera,  moo-r&-v&'r&,  Murera,  moo-r&'r&,  or 
Morera,  mo-r&'r&,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2061. 

Murazzano,  moo-r&t-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Coni,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2119. 

Murbello,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Morbello. 

Mnr^a  de  Panoias,  mooR'«&  d&p&-no'y&8,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Villareal. 

Murchakoor,  or  Murchacur,  moor^oh&-koor',  a 
large  village  of  Persia,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Murcia,  mur'she-a  (Sp.  pron.  mooR'the-i ;  Fr.  Murcie, 
miiR^see' ;  anc.  Vergilia),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  an 
ancient  kingdom  and  modern  province  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Segura,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cartagena.  Lat.  38°  N.; 
Ion.  1°  10' W.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  a  brick  wall,  and 
is  entered  by  3  principal  gates.  The  streets  are  generally 
broad,  straight,  and  well  paved ;  and  the  houses  are  mostly 
two  stories  high.  Among  the  principal  buildings  is  the 
cathedral,  a  fine  edifice,  begun  in  1353.  The  seat  of  the 
bishop  was  transferred  to  Murcia  from  Cartagena,  from 
which  latter  he  still  takes  his  title.  In  the  plaza  stands 
the  episcopal  palace,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  of  its  class  in 
Spain ;  and  in  close  proximity  to  it  the  colleges  of  St.  Ful- 
gentius  and  St.  Isidore.  The  other  public  edifices  and  insti- 
tutions consist  of  the  College  of  St.  Leander,  which  is  an 
academy  of  music  connected  with  the  cathedral,  the  Hos- 
pital of  St.  John,  a  house  of  refuge,  a  foundling  hospital, 
the  town  house,  granary,  town  seminary,  an  institute, 
founded  in  1837,  with  chairs  of  Latin,  Greek,  mathematics, 
mental  philosophy,  morals,  theology,  natural  history,  phys- 
ics, geography,  and  history,  a  normal  school,  a  school  of 
design,  11  parish  churches,  with  several  nunneries  and 
suppressed  convents,  a  bull-ring,  and  a  good  botanical  gar- 
den. The  town  has  manufactures  of  cloth,  baize,  silk  stufi», 
linens,  hats,  gloves,  and  saltpetre,  also  dye-works,  potteries, 
tanneries,  soap-works,  and  flour-mills.  Considerable  com- 
merce is  carried  on  in  raw,  spun,  and  dyed  silks,  and  in 
some  of  the  other  manufactures  above  mentioned,  as  well 
as  in  grain  and  fruits.  The  first  undoubted  mention  of 
Murcia  occurs  at  the  division  of  Spain  into  provinces,  by 
Yoosuf,  in  747 ;  and  it  soon  after  figures  as  one  of  the  prin- 


MUR 


1921 


MUR 


cipal  Moorish  cities  in  Spain,  under  the  name  of  Mnrsiah, 
It  was  wrested  from  the  Moors  by  St.  Ferdinand  in  1240. 
It  was  sacked  by  the  French  during  the  Peninsular  War, 
and  denuded  of  its  wealth  and  works  of  art.     Pop.  91,805. 

Murcia,  an  old  kingdom  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Spain, 
bordering  on  the  Mediterranean,  now  divided  into  the 
modern  provinces  of  Murcia  and  Albacete.  The  province 
of  Murcia  has  an  area  of  4478  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of 
439,067.  It  is  traversed  by  several  ranges  of  mountains. 
Soil  ill  watered  and  infertile,  but  contains  iron-mines. 
Climate  hot;  the  palm  and  carob  grow  freely.  Chief 
cities,  Murcia,  Albacete,  Cartagena,  Elche,  and  Lorca. 
After  passing  through  the  hands  of  the  Romans  and  Goths, 
it  was  conquered  by  the  Moors  in  712,  and  continued,  with 
a  slight  interruption,  to  be  subject  to  the  caliphs  of  Cor- 
dova till  1239,  when  it  was  raised  by  Mohammed-ben-Alee 
to  the  dignity  of  a  kingdom ;  but  in  the  following  year 
it  was  declared  a  dependency  of  Castile,  with  which  it 

has  ever  since  been  united. Adj.  and  inhab.  Murcian, 

mtir'she-an  (Sp.  Murciano,  mooR-the-i'no). 

Mnr  de  Barrez,  miiR  d§h  baR^Ri',  a  commune  of 
France,  in  Aveyron,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1446. 

Miir'der  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  Conecuh  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Conecuh  River  about  5  miles  E. 
of  Pollard.     Length,  nearly  70  miles. 

Murder  Island,  Madagascar.     See  First  Island. 

Mur'derkill,  a  creek  in  the  S.  part  of  Kent  co.,  Del., 
flows  E.  into  Delaware  Bay.  It  is  navigable  for  small 
vessels. 

Mur'dock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  on  the 
Indiana  A  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  of  De- 
catur. 

Mnrdock,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     P.  219. 

Mnrdock,  a  post-oflBce  of  Swift  co.,  Minn. 

Murdock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Hamil- 
ton township,  3  miles  from  Loveland.     It  has  a  church. 

Murdock's,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Waynesburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mur'docksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  about  24  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Mure,  La,  18,  miiR,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
IsSre,  23  miles  S.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  3533,  chiefly  employed 
in  manufactures  of  packing-cloth  and  nails. 

Murello,  moo-rfil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  about  7  miles  from  Saluzzo.     Pop.  of  commune,  1632. 

Murera,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Muratera. 

Muret,  moo^ri'  (L.  Mnrel'lum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Garonne,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  brandy,  woollen  cloth,  Ac.     Pop.  2509. 

Murfreesborough,miir'frees-bur-ruh,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little  Missouri  River,  about 
115  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cotton-factory. 

Murfreesborough,  a  post-village  of  Hertford  co., 
N.C.,  in  Murfreesborough  township,  on  the  Meherrin  River, 
at  the  head  of  steam  navigation,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Norfolk,  Va.  Lumber,  tar,  and  other  products  are  shipped 
here.  It  has  5  churches,  2  female  colleges,  and  a  news- 
paper oflice.     Pop.  753;  of  the  township,  1961. 

Murfreesborough,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of 
Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  is  situated  in  a  plain,  on  the  Nash- 
ville &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville, 
and  119  miles  N.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  contains  6  white 
churches,  4  colored  churches,  4  weekly  newspaper  offices, 
2  national  banks,  a  female  college,  several  saw-mills,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  a  planing-mill,  3  carriage-shops, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cedar  nollow-ware.  It  was  the  capi- 
tal of  Tennessee  from  1819  to  1826.  Near  this  place  was 
fought  a  great  battle  (called  the  battle  of  Stone  River), 
December  31,  1862-January  2,  1863,  between  the  Union 
forces,  commanded  by  General  Rosecrans,  and  the  Confed- 
erates, under  General  Bragg.     Pop.  in  1890,  3739. 

Mnrg,  m66RG,  a  river  of  South  Germany,  Wiirtemberg 
and  Baden,  rises  in  the  Black  Forest,  and,  after  a  N.  course 
of  40  miles,  joins  the  Rhine  4  miles  N.  of  Rastadt. 

Murg,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgan,  joins 
the  Thur  1^  miles  N.  of  Frauenfeld. 

Murghab,  or  Murghaub.    See  Moorqhaub. 

Murgis,  the  ancient  name  of  Almeria. 

Mur'god,  a  town  of  Belgaum  district,  India.     P.  7181. 

Muri,  moo'ree,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Bern.  Here  Charles  X.  resided  during  a  part 
of  the  French  revolutionary  period.     Pop.  1201. 

Muri,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Aarau,  with  a  rich  Benedictine  abbey,  and 
■ome  silk -manufactures.     Pop.  1959. 

Mnriah^.  moo-re-4-hi',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 


Scrra  do  Pico,  state  of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  joins  the  Parahilm 
on  the  left. 

Mnrialdo,  moo-re-ll'do,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Genoa,  4i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Millesimo.     Pop.  2204. 

Muribeca,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Cabapdana. 

Murillo  de  Rio  de  Lieza,  moo-reel'yo  di  ree'o  di 
li'thJ,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lo- 
groT5o,  on  the  Leza.     Pop.  1314. 

Murisengo,  moo-re-s^n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  milei 
from  Casale,  on  the  Stara.     Pop.  2219. 

Muris  Saltus,  the  Latin  name  of  Meursault. 

Mnritiba,  moo-re-tee'b&,  or  Pasn^,  p&s-si',  a  villag* 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cachoeira.  it 
has  2  handsome  churches  and  a  primary  school. 

Miiritz,  Lake,  a  lake  of  Germany.   See  Lake  MVRire. 

Mur'ley's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co., 
Md.,  about  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cumberland. 

Murlo  di  Yescovado,  mooR'lo  dee  vds-ko-v&'do,  a 
village  of  Italy,  13  miles  from  Siena,  with  a  castle.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2500. 

Murnau,  m55R'n6w,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  38  mile« 
S.S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1414. 

Muro,  moo'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19  mile* 
N.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  7954. 

Muro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Otranto.     Pop.  1600. 

Muro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Alicante.     Pop.  2682. 

Muro,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  25  miles  N.B 
of  Palma.     Pop.  3369. 

Murom,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Moorom. 

Muros,  moo'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Oo. 
runna,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Santiago.     Pop.  2654. 

Mnr'phree's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  oo.^ 
Ala.,  about  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Mur'phy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C., 
in  Murphy  township,  on  the  Hiawassee  River,  at  the  month 
of  Valley  River,  70  miles  S.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  200 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  175 ;  of  township,  1545. 

Murphy,  a  post-office  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon. 

Mur'phy's,  a  post-village  of  Calavera*  co.,  Cal.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stockton,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Big 
Trees.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Murphy's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco, 

Murphysborough,mGr'fiz-bur-rQh,  a  post-town,  cap- 
ital of  Jackson  co..  111.,  in  Murphysborough  township, 
on  the  Big  Muddy  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  St.  Louia 
Railroad,  about  1  mile  N.  of  the  Grand  Tower  A  Carbondale 
Railroad,  57  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  col- 
lege, a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  Ac.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3880;  of  township,  5738. 

Mur'phy 8  burg,  a  former  village  of  Jasper  oo.,  Mo.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Oronogo.     It  is  now  a  part  of  Joplin  City. 

Mur'phy's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Kanawha  Station.  It  has  manufactures  of  oil- 
barrels,  Ac. 

Mur'physville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  about 

8  miles  S.W.  of  Maysville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  flour-miU. 

Mur'ray  is  the  principal  river  in  Australia,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  numerous  streams  W.  of  the  Australian 
Alps,  whence  it  proceeds  very  tortuously  westward  through 

9  degrees  of  longitude ;  and  after  passing  through  Lake 
Victoria,  it  enters  the  ocean  (Encounter  Bay)  in  lat.  35" 
20'  S.,  Ion.  139°  E.  Affluents,  the  Murrumbidgee,  with  the 
Lachlan  and  the  Darling.  It  is  important  for  its  fisheries, 
and  is  navigable  in  a  great  part  of  its  extent,  but  ite 
mouth  is  too  shallow  to  be  entered  by  large  ships. 

Murray,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Moray. 

Mur'ray,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  border* 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Connasauga  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Coosawattee.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  pioture3<^ue 
mountain- scenery,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  coverq^  with 
forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Gold  is  found  in  this 
county,  also  beds  of  limestone.  Near  its  E.  and  W.  borders 
railroads  traverse  the  adjoining  counties.  Capital,  Spring 
Place.     Pop.  in  1870,  6500  ;  in  1880,  8269  ;  in  1890,  8461. 

Murray,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Dee 
Moines  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Channarambe 
River  and  Oksida  Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  or 
level  plain,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 


MUR 


1922 


MUS 


This  county  contains  Lake  Sbetek,  and  other  lakes.  It  is 
traversed  by  two  great  railroads.  Capital,  Slayton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  209;  in  1880,  3604;  in  1890,  6692. 

Mnrray*  a  township  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  2400. 

Murray)  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash 
River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  2  churches. 

Murray^  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Iowa,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  36 
miles  W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Murray,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky., 
on  Clark's  River,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paduoah.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Murray  Inatitnte,  a 
flour-mill,  2  tanneries,  and  a  lumber-mill.     P.  (1890)  518. 

Murray,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  205. 

Murray,  a  station  of  Jackson  co..  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  33i  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile. 

Murray,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal 
and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  the  vil- 
lages of  Holley,  Hulburton,  and  Sandy  Creek.  Pop.  2649. 
Murray  Station  is  3  miles  W.  of  Holley.  Murray  Post- 
Office  is  at  Sandy  Creek. 

Mur'ray,  formerly  Carrying  Place,  a  post-village 
in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  an  isthmus  at  the  head 
of  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  9  miles  E.  of  Brighton.  The  Tillage 
contains  2  tanneries,  a  hotel,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Murray  Bay,  or  Malbaie,  a  favorite  watering-place 
on  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence  (N.  shore),  90  miles  E.  of  Quebec. 
It  is  picturesquely  situated  at  the  mouth  of  a  rapid  stream 
of  the  same  name  which  affords  good  fishing  and  motive- 
power.  The  village  is  reached  by  steamer  from  Quebec.  It 
contains  2  churches,  3  hotels,  several  good  boarding-houses, 
10  or  12  stores,  and  several  mills. 

Murray  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 

Murray  Firth,  Scotland.    See  Moray  Firth. 

Murray  Harbor  (North),  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  N.  side  of  Murray  River,  39 
miles  S.E.  of  Charlottetown.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  120. 

Murray  Harbor  (South),  a  post-village  and  port  of 
entry  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  situated  on  the 
S.  side  of  Murray  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottetown. 
It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills,  several  stores,  a  tannery,  a 
ship-yard,  and  a  trade  in  fish.     Pop.  200. 

Murray  Harbor  Road,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  20  miles  from  Charlottetown.  P.  120. 

Murray  Hill,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Summit. 

Murray  Islands,  a  group  in  Torres  Strait.  Lat.  9® 
56'  S.:  Ion.  144°  5'  E. 

Murray  River,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  15  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  300. 

Murray  Road,  a  station  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie 
&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Bluffton,  Ind. 

Murray's,  a  station  in  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Paducah  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Soottsburg. 

Murray's  Corners,  a  post-settlement  in  Westmore- 
land CO.,  New  Brunswick,  15  miles  from  Bale  Verte.  P.  200. 

Murray's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Schley  oo.,  Ga, 

Murrayshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Moray. 

Murray's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Murray  Sound  and  Harbor  are  among  the  Am- 
herst Islands,  ofiF  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Corea. 

Mur'raysville,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  24  miles  below  Parkersburg.  It 
has  a  boat-yard,  a  church,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mur'rayville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  farming- 
tools  and  washing-machines.     Pop.  about  500. 

Murrell's  Point,  Louisiana.    See  Bridge  Landing. 

Muf  rhardt,  mo5R'haRt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle 
of  Neckar,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Neckar,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Stuttgart.     Pop.  2320. 

Mur'rinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  about 
46  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  coal-mines. 

Mnr'rumbid^gee,  or  Mo'rumbid^gee,  a  river  of 
Southeast  Australia,  rises  under  the  meridian  of  149°  E., 
at  a  distance  of  about  80  miles  from  the  sea.  It  flows  in  a 
S.W.  direction,  and  is  joined  by  the  Lachlan  at  lat.  34° 
25'  S.,  latterly  taking  a  S.W.  course,  and  falling  into  the 
Murray  at  lat.  34°  45'  S.  Its  whole  course  is  1350  miles, 
and  it  is  naviga]ble  nearly  to  its  sources. 


Murrumbidgee,  or  Morumbidgee,  a  district  ot 
New  South  Wales,  between  Ion.  144°  and  147°  10'  E., 
having  the  river  Murray  on  the  N.  and  the  Murrumbidgee 
on  the  S.,  and  conUining  12,000,000  acres.     Pop.  25,027. 

Mur'rysville,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
about  18  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  the  Laird  In- 
stitute, 2  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Murs,  milR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  6 
miles  S.  of  Angers,  on  the  Louet.     Pop.  1581. 

Mursa,  or  Mnrsia,  Hungary.    See  Eszek. 

Murshidabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Moorsbedabad. 

Mursuk,  a  town  of  North  Africa.     See  Moorzook. 

Murta,  the  Latin  name  of  the  Meurthe. 

Mur'ta,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark., 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad, 
55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Poplar  Bluff,  Mo. 

Murtas,  mooR't&s,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia. 
48  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2040. 

Murten,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Mobat. 

Murtener  See,  the  German  for  the  Lake  of  Morat. 

Murtinm,  the  Latin  name  of  Macrs. 

Mnrn,  moo^roo',  a  small  town  of  Japan,  on  the  islana 
of  Hondo,  and  on  the  Strait  of  Matson-simi-nada,  opposite 
the  island  of  Shikoku.  Its  harbor  is  frequented  by  coast- 
ing-vessels, being  very  secure  and  well  sheltered. 

Murnt,  moo-riit'  (?),  a  walled  town  of  Northwest  Hin- 
dostan,  principality  and  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  It  is  a  place 
of  importance,  being  both  a  military  station  and  the  empo- 
rium of  a  large  trade  in  grain. 

Mnrntsi,  moo-root'see,  or  Morutsi,  mo-root'see,  an 
African  tribe,  N.W.  of  Delagoa  Bay,  ne<ar  lat.  25°  S.  and 
Ion.  28°  E.  They  manufacture  iron  and  copper,  and  are 
also  ingenious  workers  in  wood,  cultivate  tobacco  and  sugar- 
cane, in  addition  to  the  ordinary  crops  of  beans,  corn,  mil- 
let, Ac,  and  have  immense  droves  of  cattle.  Their  capital 
is  Kurreechane. 

MurVaul',  a  post-office  of  Panola  oo.,  Tex. 

Mnrviedro,  mooR-ve-4'dro  (anc.  Sagun'tum),  a  fortified 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valencia,  on 
the  Canales,  3  miles  from  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  6915. 
It  stands  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  and  is  noted  for  its 
Roman  antiquities,  and  has  also  a  strong  Moorish  castle,  a 
convent  on  the  site  of  a  temple  of  Diana,  and  some  Moorish 
cisterns,  Ac.  Saguntum  was  founded,  B.C.  1384,  by  the 
Greeks  of  ZacynUius  (Zante).  It  was  then  a  seaport,  but 
the  sea  is  now  above  3  miles  distant.  Being  the  first  fron- 
tier town,  and  allied  to  Rome,  and  being  also  extremely  rich, 
it  was  attacked  and  destroyed  by  Hannibal,  b.c.  219.  It 
was  rebuilt  by  the  Romans,  and  became  a  raunicipium. 

Murviel,  milRVe-fil',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Bgziers.     Pop.  1680. 

Murzuk,  a  town  of  North  Africa.    See  Moorzook. 

Murzzuschlag,  mS5Rt's65sh-l8,G^,  a  village  of  Styria, 
on  the  Murz,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Briiok,  on  the  railway  be- 
tween Vienna  and  Cilly.    It  contains  a  convent.   Pop.  2184. 

Musa,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  MoosA. 

Musandam,  a  headland  of  Arabia.    See  Mussendom. 

Musbach,  or  Muschbach,  Bavaria.    See  Mcssbacb. 

Muscat,  Ma8kat,or  Mascat,  miis-kat'  (Arab.  pron. 
mis-kit' ;  Fr.  Mascate,  mis^kit' ;  anc.  Mos'cha),  the  chief 
city  of  Oman,  capital  of  the  states  of  the  Imam  or  Sultan 
of  Muscat,  and  a  seaport  of  great  commercial  importance, 
on  the  Indian  Ocean,  near  the  E.  angle  of  Arabia.  Lat- 
23°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  50'  E.  The  Cove  of  Muscat,  as  the 
harbor  is  called,  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  long,  with  half  that  width,  opening  N.W.,  and 
completely  sheltered  from  the  prevailing  monsoons.  Im- 
mediately W.  of  this  inlet  is  a  more  capacious  bay,  facing 
N.E.,  and  therefore  exposed  to  the  winter  monsoon.  The 
city  of  Muscat  stands  at  the  S.  side  of  the  cove,  in  a  hollow, 
under  cliffs  400  or  500  feet  high,  and  debarred  even  from 
the  view  of  the  sea  by  the  surrounding  high  rocks.  Its 
appearance  by  no  means  corresponds  with  its  wealth  and 
importance.  A  few  good  houses,  in  the  Persian  style,  oc- 
cupy the  narrow  space  at  the  water-side ;  but  large  and 
stately  buildings  are  few,  and  the  sultan's  palace,  the  gov- 
ernor's house,  and  a  few  minarets,  alone  rise  above  the 
humble  mass  of  flat-roofed  huts  or  houses.  The  streets  are 
extremely  narrow,  so  that  a  few  palm-leaves  laid  across  be- 
tween the  houses  above  completely  screen  them  from  the 
sun.  Muscat  is  one  of  the  hottest  places  in  the  world. 
The  thermometer,  in  the  shade,  rarely  descends  below  90°. 
But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  excellence  of  the  port,  and  its 
convenient  position  near  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  Gulf, 
make  it  important  as  a  station  for  shipping.  It  is  also 
naturally  strong.  At  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  on  the  W.,  ii 
the  town  of  Muttra,  distant,  by  land,  about  3  miles  from 


MUS 


1923 


MUS 


Muscat,  and  little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  it  in  population. 
Here  are  the  docks  for  building  and  repairing  shipping. 
Muscat  is  the  grand  emporium  of  East  Arabia,  and  the  key 
to  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Imports  consist  chiefly 
of  almonds,  aloes,  assafoetida,  gum  ammoniac,  sulphur,  nitre, 
oopal,  frankincense,  coffee,  pearls,  ivory,  horns,  hides,  wax 
from  Persia  and  Africa,  most  of  which  are  re-exported,  the 
returns  being  made  in  British  and  Indian  cotton  goods, 
'  shawls,  and  China  manufactures.  Large  quantities  of 
dates,  as  also  wheat,  horses,  salt,  and  dried  fisn,  are  among 
the  exports.  The  port  is  usually  touched  at  by  vessels 
going  up  the  Persian  Gulf.  The  combined  population  of 
Muscat,  Muttra,  and  intervening  villages  has  been  vari- 
ously estimated  from  25,000  to  60,000. 

In  the  latter  half  of  the  last  century  Muscat  had  already 
attained,  under  a  ruler  who  bore  the  religious  title  of  Im&m, 
the  eminence  to  which,  as  a  seaport,  it  is  entitled  for  its 
security  and  convenient  situation. 

Muscat  (or  Muskat),  Imamat  of,  or  The  King- 
dom of  Oman,  names  by  which  is  commonly  known  an 
extensive  and  powerful  state  of  Arabia,  comprising  the  E. 
portion  of  that  peninsula,  its  authority  also  extending  over 
its  S.E.  coast  nearly  as  far  as  Aden,  and  over  parts  of  the 
coast  of  Persia  on  the  Persian  Gulf.  Area  and  population 
not  ascertained.  Besides  Muscat,  the  capital,  this  domin- 
ion comprises  the  towns  of  Rostak  and  Muttra  in  Arabia, 
Ac.  It  has  an  active  trade  with  all  the  adjacent  countries 
and  with  British  India.  The  Imfim  (or  Imaum),  or,  more 
properly  speaking,  the  Sultan,  has  a  patriarchal  and  des- 
potic sway.  In  order  to  enforce  his  authority  he  has  a 
naval  force.  In  1856  the  extensive  realms  of  Muscat  were 
divided  between  two  brothers,  and  the  African  portion,  by 
far  the  more  important,  passed  to  the  Sultan  of  Zanzibar. 
Although  his  government  is  commonly  known  as  the 
Imamat  of  Muscat,  it  should  be  observed  that  the  sultan 
(or  Sayeed,  "  sovereign")  never  assumed  the  religious  title 
of  Imim,  which  is  often  erroneously  bestowed  on  him. 

Mnscat'atnck  (or  Muscat'atuk)  River,  Indiana, 
drains  parts  of  Jennings  and  Scott  cos.,  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, forming  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Jackson 
and  Washington,  and  enters  the  Driftwood  Fork  of  White 
River  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brownstown. 

Muscatine,  mus'ka-teen,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  traversed  from 
the  N.  to  the  S.W.  border  by  the  Cedar  River.  The  surface 
is  gently  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  greater 
part  of  it  is  prairie.  Groves  of  the  elm,  hickory,  ash,  white 
oak,  Ac,  grow  on  the  margins  of  the  streams.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  thin  beds  of  inferior  bituminous  coal. 
Devonian  limestone  underlies  most  of  the  surface.  It  is 
intersected  in  several  directions  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  k  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<fe  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Muscatine.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,688;  in  1880,  23,170  ;  in  1890,  24,504. 

Muscatine  (Indian  name,  Manatheka),  a  city  and 
river-port,  the  capital  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  is  finely  sit- 
uated on  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  30 
miles  below  Davenport,  and  about  300  miles  above  St. 
Louis.  By  railroad  it  is  220  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and 
41  miles*  E.S.E.  of  Iowa  City.  It  is  at  a  great  bend  of  the 
river,  which,  after  running  westward  many  miles,  here  re- 
sumes a  southward  direction.  The  city  is  mostly  built  on 
the  top  of  rocky  bluffs,  which  form  the  bank  of  the  river. 
It  contains  24  churches,  a  high  school,  8  other  public 
schools,  a  public  library,  4  banks  (1  national,  1  state,  and 

2  private),  2  planing-mills,  2  large  sash-  and  door-factories, 

3  floaring-mills,  an  oatmeal-plant  (said  to  be  the  largest  in 
the  country),  an  extensive  iron-rolling-mill,  a  pork-pack- 
ing establishment,  2  furniture-factories,  3  steam  saw-mills, 
and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers. The  vicinity  is  especially  noted  for  its  delicious 
melons  and  sweet  potatoes.  Muscatine  was  first  settled  in 
1836,  and  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1853.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6718;  in  1880,  8295;  in  1890,  11,454;  in  1894,  15,000, 

Muschbach,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Mussbach, 
Muscle  (miis's?!)  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Chariton  oo., 

Mo.,  10  miles  N.  of  Keytesville.     Pop.  of  township,  710. 
Muscle  Ridge,  plantation,  Knox  oo..  Me,     Pop,  263, 
Muscle  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  oo.,  runs 

southward  through  Macon  co,,  and   enters  the  Chariton 

River  in  Chariton  co.,  about  2  miles  S,  of  Keytesville.     It 

is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Muscle  Shell  River,  Montana,  rises  in  Meagher  co. 


among  the  Belt  Mountains,  and  runs  first  eastward.  It 
finally  runs  nearly  northward,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  near  lat.  47°  30' N.,  Ion.  108"  W,  It  is  about  300 
miles  long,  but  its  volume  of  water  is  small,  "  In  the  dry 
season,"  says  Hayden,  "it  is  lost  almost  entirely  before 
reaching  the  Missouri," 

Muscle  Shoals,  Alabama,  a  series  of  rapids  in  the 
Tennessee  I^ver,  on  the  S.  border  of  Lauderdale  co.  Those 
shoals  obstruct  the  navigation  of  the  river,  which  descends 
nearly  100  feet  in  a  distance  of  20  miles,  and  is  in  some 
places  IJ  miles  wide.  The  lower  or  W.  end  of  the  rapids 
is  at  or  near  Florence,  above  which  boats  cannot  pass  in 
ordinary  stages  of  water. 

Muscoda,  Clay  co.,  Minn.  See  Mpskoda. 
Mus'coda,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wig.,  in  Mus- 
coda township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  55  miles 
W.  of  Madison,  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in  1890 
605;  of  the  township,  1160.  ' 

Muscogee,  mQs-ko'ghee,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Georgia,  borders  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  244  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and 
on  the  S.E.  by  Upatoi  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile;  in 
others,  sandy  and  poor.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central 
of  Georgia  Railroad,  the  Georgia  Midland  A  Gulf  Railroad 
and  other  lines.  Capital,  Columbus.  Pop.  in  1870, 16  663 
in  1880,  19,322;  in  1890,  27,761, 

Muscogee,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen 
sacola  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Muscogee,  a  post-village  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  117 
miles  S.  of  Parsons.  It  is  about  3  miles  S,  of  the  Arkan 
sas  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  cotton-gin,  and 
a  round-house  of  the  railroad.  It  is  one  of  the  chief 
trading-places  in  the  territory. 

Muscogee  City,  or  Muscogee  Mills,  a  hamlet  of 
Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Perdido  River,  and  on  the  Pensa- 
cola A  Mobile  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Pensacola.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  large  manufactory  of  pine  lumber. 

Mnsconet'cong,  a  station  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Musconetcong  River,  New  Jersey,  issues  from  Ho- 
patcong  Lake,  near  the  S.  border  of  Sussex  co.,  runs  south- 
westward,  forming  the  boundary  between  Hunterdon  and 
Warren  cos.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  at  the  S,W. 
extremity  of  Warren  co,,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  it 
nearly  50  miles  long,  and  flows  in  a  narrow  valley, 

Muscon'gus  Island,  in  the  Atlantic,  belongs  to  Lin- 
coin  CO.,  Me.     Pop.  142. 

Musco'tah,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  oo.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  25 
miles  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890.  524. 

Mus'covy,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Russia,  derived 
apparently  from  Moscow,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  empire. 
See  Russia. 

Museros,  moo-s&'roce,  a  village  of  Spain,  6  miles  N. 
of  Valencia,  about  1  mile  from  the  sea.     Pop.  1016. 

Muse's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  22  miles  S.8.W.  of  Parkersbnrg. 
Here  is  a  church,  also  a  remaricable  prehistorio  fort. 
Muse's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky. 
Museville,  muz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0. 
Museville,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 
Mus'grave  Town,  a  village  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
gate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  23  miles  from  Green's  Pond. 
Pop.  349. 
Mus'grove,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala. 
Mush,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  MoosH. 
Mushakh,  mush^&k',  a  group  of  islands  off  the  B.  ooast 
of  Abyssinia.     Lat.  11°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  19'  B. 

Mushan'non  (or  Moshan'non)  Creek,  Pennsylva- 
nia, forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the  oos,  of  Centre 
and  Clearfield,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

Mush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  A  Gulf  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Selma. 
Mush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  oo,,  S.C. 
Mushed,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Meshed. 
Mushed-i-Sir,  miih-shed'-ee-seer,  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Mazanderan,  10  miles  N.  of  Balfurosh,  con- 
sisting of  about   200  houses  scattered  around   the  Babel 
River,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian  Sea.     Lat,  36°  45   N, : 
Ion.  52°  50'  B, 


MUS 


1924 


MUS 


Mushkee  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Mauvaise  Ritbr. 

Musical  River.    See  Matapediac  River. 

Musjid,  mus'jid\  or  Mesjid-Ali,  written  also  Mns- 
jeed  (anc.  Alexandria?),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  vila- 
yet of  Bagdad,  28  miles  S.  of  the  ruins  of  Babylon.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls  flanked  with  towers  and  a  ditch,  and  is 
mostly  built  of  brick.  Principal  edifice,  the  tomb  of  Alee, 
which  attracts  hither  numerous  pilgrims  of  the  Sheeah 
(Shiah)  sect.  Under  the  name  of  Hira,  this  town  was  the 
capital  of  Arab  and  Christian  dynasties  until  taken  by  the 
Baracens  in  632. 

Musjid-Hossein,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Eerbela. 

Ittuskatituck,  Indiana.     See  Muscatatuck  River. 

Muskan,  mSSs'kSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  67 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz.  Pop.  3105.  It  has  a  palace 
of  Prince  Piickler-Muskau,  also  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  and  mineral  springs. 

Muske'go,  a  township  of  "Waukesha  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1450.     It  contains  Muskego  Centre. 

Muskego  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co., 
Wis.,  on  Muskego  Lake,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

Muskego  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Waukesha  co.,  and  is  about  4  miles  long.  Its  outlet  is  a 
creek  which  runs  into  Fox  River. 

Muske'gon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Muskegon  and 
White  Rivers,  the  former  of  which  runs  through  its  central 
and  the  latter  through  its  northwestern  part.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Many  grapes  are  grown  in  this 
county,  the  climate  of  which  is  favorable  to  fruit.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products,  and  pine 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  <fc  West  Michigan  Railroad,  the  Grand  Rapids 
k  Indiana  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  Saginaw  &  Muskegon 
Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  Muskegon,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,894;  in  1880.  26,586;  in  1890,  40,013. 

Muskegon,  a  city  of  Michigan,  the  capital  of  Muske- 
gon CO.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  Muskegon  River,  4 
or  5  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Big  Rapids  Branch,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  about  120  miles  by 
water  N.E.  of  Chicago.  By  railroad  it  is  38  miles  N.W. 
of  Grand  Rapids,  14  miles  N.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  44 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pentwater.  The  portion  of  the  river  be- 
tween its  mouth  and  this  town  is  nearly  2  miles  wide,  and 
is  called  Muskegon  Lake.  It  forms  the  best  harbor  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Muskegon  contains  11  churches, 
a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  several  foundries,  machine- 
shops,  a  manufactory  of  steam-engines  and  boilers,  numer- 
ous steam  saw-mills,  4  planing-mills,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
saw-factories,  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers, and  2  hotels.  Muskegon  is  lighted  with  gas,  and 
has  a  good  system  of  water-works.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export,  the  quantity  sawed  here  annually  being 
about  400,000,000  feet.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1870. 
Pop.  in  1880,  11,262 ;  in  1890,  22,702.  Large  steamers  ply 
daily  between  this  city  and  Chicago. 

Muskegon,  township,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  646. 

Muskegon  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Houghton  Lake, 
in  Roscommon  co.,  and  runs  generally  southwestward.  It 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Clare,  Osceola,  Mecosta,  and  Newaygo, 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  about  6  miles  below  the  city  of 
Muskegon.  It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.  The  chief  towns 
on  its  banks  are  Muskegon,  Big  Rapids,  and  Newaygo. 
The  part  of  the  river  below  Muskegon  is  2  or  3  miles  wide, 
and  is  called  Muskegon  Lake. 

Musker'ry,  a  mountainous  district  of  Ireland,  in  the 
CO.  of  Cork.  Area,  about  311,000  acres.  Pop.  55,188.  It 
is  divided  into  the  baronies  of  East  and  West  Mnskerry. 

Muskil'lo,  Namoo,  Namou,  n&^moo',  or  Odia, 
*'de-a,  an  island  group  in  the  North  Pacific,  belonging  to. 
the  Mulgrave  Archipelago,  about  lat.  8°  N.  and  Ion.  168°  E. 

Musking'um,  mus-king'gum,  a  river  of  Ohio,  is 
formed  by  the  Walhonding  and  Tuscarawas  Rivers,  which 
unite  at  Coshocton.  It  runs  southward  through  Muskin- 
gum CO.," and  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Morgan 
and  Washington,,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Marietta. 
It  is  aiv?at  120  miles  long,  exijJuding  the  branches.  The 
ciref  towns  on  its  banks  are  ZanesvrJJe  and  Marietta.  It 
traverses  a  fertile  and  beautiful  country ,^  in  which  coal  and 
p^roleum  abound.  Steamboats  can  asoeind  it  to  Dresden, 
which  is  about  18  miles  below  Coshocton. 


Muskingum,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  651  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Muskingum  River,  and  also  drained  by  Licking  River, 
and  by  Wills,  Jonathan's  and  Tomoka  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  finely  diversified  with  verdant  bills  or  undulation; 
of  moderate  height.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  many  thou- 
sands of  acres  of  woodlands.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Numerous 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county, 
which  also  has  beds  of  iron  ore  and  quarries  of  carbonifer- 
ous limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati  &,  Mus- 
kingum Valley  Railroad,  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio  Railroad, 
the  Cleveland,  Canton  &  Southern  Railroad,  and  other  lines, 
also  by  the  Ohio  Canal.  Capital,  Zanesville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
44,886;  in  1880,  49,774;  in  1890,  51,210. 

Muskingum,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  P.  1078. 

Musko'da,  or  Musco'da,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co., 
Minn.,  on  Buifalo  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Moorhead.     It  has  a  church. 

Musko'ka,  a  beautiful  lake  on  the  river  Muskoka,  On- 
tario, about  lat.  46°  N.,  Ion.  79°  30'  W.  The  navigation 
of  this  lake  and  of  Lakes  St.  Joseph  and  Rosseau  has  been 
connected  by  means  of  a  lock  a  short  distance  below  the 
lower  end  of  the  lake.  At  the  upper  end  the  river  Mus- 
koka enters. 

Muskoka,  a  river  of  Ontario,  rises  in  the  highlands 
separating  the  waters  of  the  Ottawa  from  those  of  Georgian 
Bay,  lat.  45°  40'  N.,  Ion.  78°  40'  W.,  and,  flowing  through 
a  heavily-wooded  country,  falls  into  Georgian  Bay.  About 
8  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Muskoka  it  divides 
into  two  branches.  On  the  B.  one,  about  2  miles  up,  are 
the  "  High  Falls,"  of  about  160  feet.  It  is  navigable  to 
Bracebridge. 

Muskoka  District,  an  electoral  district  in  the  N. 
part  of  Ontario,  comprises  an  area  of  about  5300  square 
miles.     Capital,  Bracebridge.     Pop.  6919. 

Muso,  or  Muzo,  moo'so,  a  small  town  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  department  of  Boyaca,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tnnja,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Magdalena. 

Musone,  moo-so'n&,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  enters  the 
Venetian  lagoon  3  miles  W.  of  Venice,  after  a  S.E.  course 
of  36  miles ;  one  arm  of  it  joining  the  Brenta  Canal.    . 

Musone,  a  small  river  of  Central  Italy,  Marches,  enters 
the  Adriatic  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ancona,  after  an  E.  course 
of  36  miles. 

Musqnaka,  miis-kwah'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co., 
Iowa,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Mus'quash,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  in  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  17  miles  S.W.  of  St.  John.  It  has  a  fine  harbor, 
good  water-power,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  hotel.     P.  200. 

Musquito  Creek.     See  Mosquito  Creek. 

Musquito  (miis-kee'to)  Gulch,  a  post-office  of  Cala- 
veras CO.,  Cal.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Musquod'oboit,  a  fine  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  rises  near 
the  head-waters  of  the  Stewiacke,  and  discharges  itself  into 
the  sea  a  short  distance  E.  of  Lawrencetown. 

Musquod'oboit  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Halifax 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Halifax.  It  contains  a  store,  2  hotels,  and  several  mills, 
and  has  a  good  trade  in  lumber  and  ship-building.  Two 
quartz-mills  are  employed  at  the  gold-mines  here.  P.  1161. 

Musr,  the  Arabic  name  of  Egypt. 

Mussala,  mus-s4'li,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  Senegam- 
bia,  on  the  Senegal,  8  miles  E.  of  Fort  St.  Joseph. 

Mussbach,  moos'biK,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  10  miles  S. 
of  Neustadt,  in  the  midst  of  vineyards.     Pop.  2377. 

Musselburgh,  mus's§l-biir-ruh,  formerly  Esk'- 
mouth,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  stands  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  at 
the  estuary  of  the  Esk,  and  has  some  manufactures  of  sail- 
cloth, hair-cloth,  hats,  and  leather.  Exports  chiefly  of  coal, 
wrought  in  the  vicinity.  The  borough  unites  with  Leith 
and  Portobello  in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.  It 
is  noted  for  its  race-course  and  golf-links.     Pop.  7517. 

Mussendom,  mus's5n-dom',  Musseldom,  mus^sSl- 
dom',  or  Musaudam,  moo-sin-dim'.  Cape,  a  headland 
of  Arabia,  on  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 
Lat.  26°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  34'  E.  It  is  an  abrupt  basaltio 
rock,  200  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mus'sey,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1382. 

Mussidan,  miis^seeMfiu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  19  miles  S.W.  of  P6rigueux,  on  the  Isle.     Pop.  1886. 

Mussomelli,miis-so-m51'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily, 
province  and  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  8761. 

Musson,  miis^siNo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxem- 
burg, 11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1600. 


MUS 


1925 


MYG 


Mns'soii)  a  post-ofSoe  of  Iberville  parish,  La. 

Mus8y-sou8"Dun,  miis^see'-soo-dttu",  a  village  of 
France,  Saane-et-Loire,  14  miles  S.  of  CharoUes.     P.  1551. 

Mussy-sur-Seiney  mUs^see'-silR-s&n,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Aube,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bar-sur-Seine.    P.  1650. 

Mus'tang,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Mustang  Bayou  (bi'oo),  of  Brazoria  oo.,  Tex.,  flows 
through  Chocolate  Bay  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Mustang  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Wharton  co.,  runs 
B.,  and  enters  Navidad  River  about  6  miles  N.  of  Texana. 

Mus'tapha,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Algiers.     P.  7161. 

Mustaphabad,  rnQsHi-fi-bid',  a  town  of  Northwest 
India,  Sikh  territory,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Umballah. 

Mustapha  Pasha,  mfis'ti^fi  pfi,'sh4\  a  town  of  Tur- 
key, in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritza,  and  on  the  line  of  East- 
ern Roumelia,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Adrianople.     Pop.  2000. 

Mustapha  Pasha  (Palanka),  mus'ti^fi  pS'shi^  pi- 
lin'ki,  or  Ak-Palanka,  ik^-pft-lin'ki,  a  town  of  Servia, 
on  the  Nissava,  20  miles  E.  of  Nissa.     Pop.  2000. 

Mustin'ka  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Lightning 
Lake,  runs  southward  to  the  middle  of  Grant  co,,  and 
thence  westward  through  Traverse  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Traverse  at  its  N.E.  end. 

Mustung,  mus^tung',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province 
of  Sarawan,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Kelat,  on  the  route  to  Shawl, 
and  consisting  of  about  400  houses. 

Mustung,  mus'tiing',  a  town  of  Thibet.  Lat.  29°  62' 
N.;  Ion.  83°  5'  E. 

Muszyna,  moo-shee'n&,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Sandec,  on  the  Poprad.     Pop.  1943. 

Mut,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Moot. 

Mutapilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mootapillt. 

Muteodu,  moo-te-o-doo',  a  town  of  South  India,  My- 
sore dominions,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chitteldroog. 

Mut'ford,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  SufiFolk,  with  a 
station  on  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Counties  Railway,  4i 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Beccles. 

Mut'hill ,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  4  miles  S. 
of  Crieff.     Near  it  are  the  fine  remains  of  Drummond  Castle. 

Muthnee,  a  river  of  India.    See  Imphan  Toobal. 

Muth'vey,  three  small  rivers  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Carmiir- 
then,  Cardigan,  and  Merioneth ;  the  two  former  tributary 
to  the  Towy,  the  last  to  the  Avon. 

Mutignano,  moo-teen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1927. 

Mutina,  the  ancient  name  of  Mobena. 

Mutla,  a  town  of  India.    See  Canning. 

Mutova,  moo-to'vi  (?),  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean,  nearly  intermediate  between  Japan 
and  Kamchatka.  Length,  20  miles.  It  has  an  active  vol- 
cano and  fertile  valleys. 

Mutschen,  a  town  of  Saxony.     See  Mutzchek. 

Mutshkovo,  mootsh-ko'vo,  called  also  Moshkova,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Tver,  22  miles  N.  of  Staritsa.     P.  2400. 

Muttersdorf,  mSSt't^rs-donr,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Klattau,  on  the  Goldbrunnenbach.  P.  1100. 

Muttersholz,  mSSt't^rs-hfilts^  (Fr.  pron.  miitH^R^- 
holz'),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  111.  P.  1775. 

Mutterstadt,  mSSt't^r-st&tt^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3259. 

Muttne,  moot'nA,\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  about 
10  miles  from  Arva.     Pop.  1246. 

Mut'ton  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo..  Pa.   P.  50. 

Mut'ton  Island,  a  fortified  islet  in  Galway  Bay,  Ire- 
land, CO.  and  li  miles  S.  of  Galway.  It  has  a  light-house 
with  a  fixed  light.     Lat.  53°  15'  N.;  Ion.  9°  3'  W. 

Mut'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bristol 
township,  4  miles  S.  of  Ea^t  Bloomfield. 

Mut^tound',  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Provinces, 
division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  5201. 

Muttra,  mut'tr^,  Mattrah,  m&t'trS,,  or  Matarah, 
m^'ti-ri,  a  populous  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Muscat,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  ship-yards 
and  docks.    See  Muscat. 

Mut'tra,  or  Math'ura,  a  district  of  India,  Agra  di- 
vision. Lat.  27°  14'-27°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  20'-78°  34'  E. 
Area,  1612  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  region,  traversed 
by  the  Jumna.     Capital,  Muttra.     Pop.  87,699. 

Muttra,  or  Mathura,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
Muttra  district,  on  the  Jumna,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Agra.  It 
has  fine  old  temples  and  mosques,  and  considerable  trade. 
Pop.  61,540. 

Mutual,  mut'yu-al,  a  post- village  of  Champaign  co., 
0.,  in  Union  township",  about  8  miles  B.  of  Urbana.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mutual  Love,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Mutwal,  mQtVil'  (Hindoo,  Muhatwdram,  moo-h4t-wi- 


r&m'),  an  island  of  India,  in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  separateil 
from  Calpentyn  by  a  narrow  strait  abont  10  miles  long  and 
from  2  to  3  miles  broad. 

Mutyca,  the  ancient  name  of  Modica. 

Mutzchen,  rnddt'sh^n,  or  Mutschen,  mSSt'oh^n,  a 
town  of  Saxony,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  1522. 

Mutzig,  m55t'zie,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the  Breusoh, 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Strasburg. 

Muy,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Le  Mut. 

Muysen,  moi'z^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Brabant,  on  the  Dyle,  near  the  railway  from  Louvain  to 
Mechlin,  13  miles  N.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1760. 

Muzar,  moo^zar'  (?),  a  town  of  Bokhara,  on  the  oanal 
and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Balkh,  consists  of  abont  500  houses. 

Muzillac,  mil^zee^y&k',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Morbihan,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Vannes,  and  about 
3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Vilaine.     Pop.  1213. 

Mnzo,  a  small  town  of  Colombia.     See  Mtrso. 

Muzuffernngger,  India.    See  Mozuffernuooeb. 

Muzufierpoor,  India.    See  Mozufferpoor. 

Muzuffurabad,  muz-iirfur-&-b&d',  or  Mazufura- 
bad,  m&-zurfur-&-b&d',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Jhylum  and  the  Kishengunga,  and  com- 
manding the  entrance  of  the  Baramula  Pass  into  Cashmere. 

Muz^zung',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  division  of  La- 
hore.    Pop.  8321. 

M'wootan  N*zig6,  Africa.    See  Albert  Ntawza. 

Mworongo,  mwo-r5n'go,  a  walled  town  and  seaport  of 
Africa,  in  the  Usambara  country,  on  Tangata  Bay,  65  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Zanzibar. 

Myaconda,  mi-i-kon'da,  a  town  and  fort  of  India, 
Mysore,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 'Chitteldroog. 

Myamma,  a  native  name  of  Bdrmah. 

Myanoung,  mr&-n5wng',  written  also  Myan-Aong 
and  Mey^ahoon',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  Henzada 
district,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  38  miles  below 
Prome.     Pop.  5516. 

My'atte,  a  township  of  Howell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  421. 

My'att's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C,  18 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Raleigh.    Here  are  a  grist-  and  a  saw-milL 

Mycenae,  mi-see'nee  (Gr.  Mvk^vcu,  Mukenai),  a  ruined 
city  of  Greece,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Ar- 
gos,  situated  in  the  Morea  (Peloponnesus),  government  and 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Argos,  near  the  village  of  Krabata,  and 
with  Tiryns  only  a  few  miles  distant,  presenting  some  of 
the  most  remarkable  Pelasgian  remains  extant,  comprising 
the  whole  circuit  of  the  ancient  citadel,  the  treasury  of 
Atreus,  and  some  smaller  buildings.  Important  archaeo- 
logical discoveries  have  here  been  made  by  Schliemann. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  MYCENiBAN,  mi-se-nee'Mi. 

Myconns,  mik'o-niis,  Miconi,  Myconi,  or  My> 
cone,  mik'o-nee  (Gr.  Mvkovo«,  Mukdnda),  an  island  of  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  among  the  North  Cyclades,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Tinos.  Area,  45  square  miles.  Pop.  3147,  chietly 
in  the  town  of  Mycone,  on  its  W.  side.  The  island  is  of 
granite  formation,  produces  a  little  grain,  exports  wine,  figs, 
and  hides,  and  abounds  with  game,  but  is  mostly  very  dry 
and  barren.  It  has  several  good  ports,  viz.,  those  of  the 
towns  of  Mycone,  Onos,  and  Panormas  on  the  N.,  and  St. 
Anne  on  its  S.E.  sidej  and  many  of  its  people  are  engaged 
in  maritime  pursuits. 

Mydrecht,  mi'dr^Kt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2952. 

Myer,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mthir. 

Myers,  mi'^rz,  a  city  of  Florida,  capital  of  Lee  oo.,  is 
situated  on  the  Caloosahatchee  River,  15  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  San  Carlos  Bay  (an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  lat. 
26°  15'  N.),  22  miles  overland  or  75  miles  by  water  S.  by  B. 
of  Punta  Gorda.  It  has  5  oharches,  an  opera-house,  a  can- 
nery, a  lumber-mill,  several  mercantile  houses,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.  It  is  a  favorite  place  for  winter  homes,  and 
is  noted  for  iU  tarpon  fishing.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Myersburg,  mi'^rz-bflrg,  a  post-village  of  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Wysox  township,  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda. 

Myerstown,  or  Meyerstown,  mr«ri-tSwn,  a  post- 
village  uf  Lebanon  oo..  Pa.,  in  Jackson  township,  ou  the 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Reading,  and  6J 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lebanon.  It  contains  5  churches,  the 
Palatinate  College  (German  Reformed),  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  tannery,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890, 1880. 

My'ersville,  a  village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  6  miles  from 
Littlestown,  Pa.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  &o.     Pop.  159. 

Myersville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  139. 

Myersville,  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.    See  Scrahtos. 

Mygonium,  or  Migonium.    See  Maratboiiui. 


MYH 


1926 


MZE 


Myhar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Myhir. 

Myhasepore,  mrhas-e-por',  a  town  of  India,  Bengal 
presidency,  North-West  Provinces,  in  Rohilcund.     P.  6403. 

My'hee  Caun'ta,  or  Afahikanta,  m&'hee-k&n't^, 
a  British  agency  in  Guzerat,  India,  comprising  several 
native  states.  Lat.  23°  14'-24°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  4I'-74o 
5'  E.  Area,  4000  square  miles.  It  is  level,  except  in  the 
N.  and  E.     Pop.  447,056. 

My'hir,  or  Meihar,  mi'h%r,  also  called  Myer,  mi'^r, 
Myhar,  or  Myhur,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  small 
native  state  of  the  same  name,  110  miles  oy  rail  N.E.  of 
Jubbulpoor. 

Myhsee,  a  town  of  India.    Bee  Maisst. 

Mylse,  the  ancient  name  of  Milazzo. 

Mylassa,  the  ancient  name  of  Melassa. 

My'ler,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Mylan,  mee'lSw,  or  Mnhlan,  moo'ISw,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plauen.  It  has  a  castle,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  4449. 

MyloSf  mee'los,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  4^  miles  S. 
of  Argos,  near  the  Lernean  Marsh  (where  Hercules  destroyed 
the  Hydra). 

My^mansingh',  My^mensing',  or  Maimansinh, 
mi^miin-sin',  a  district  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Assam,  and  W.  by  the  Brahmapootra.  Lat.  23°  58'-25° 
26'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  40'-91°  19'  E,  Area,  6318  square  miles. 
It  is  generally  level  and  fertile,  but  has  some  hills  and 
jungles.     Capital,  Mymunsingh.     Pop.  2,349,917. 

Mymunsingh,  Mymensing,  or  Illainiansinh, 
also  called  Nusserabad,  or  Nasirabad,  nfis's^r-i-bid', 
a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  Mymunsingh  district,  on  the 
Brahmapootra,  84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dacca.  It  has  a  dis- 
pensary, Ac.     Pop.  10,068. 

Mynpooree,  India.    See  Minpooree. 

Mynyddmaen,  m|n'iTH-min\  a  hamlet  of  England, 
CO.  of  Monmouth,  5  miies' N.N.E.  of  Caerphilly.     P.  1920. 

MyO)  mi'o,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Celebes  and  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  10'  N.;  Ion.  126°  40'  E. 

Myo-Houng,  a  town  of  India.     See  Aracan. 

Myoo,  mi^oo',  a  river  of  Aracan,  British  India,  enters 
the  Bay  of  Bengal  about  20  miles  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Aracan  River,  after  a  S.  course  of  110  miles. 

3Iyos-Hormo8)  mi'os-hor'mos,  now  called  Aboo- 
sar-el-Kibls,  a  walled  town  and  port  of  Egypt,  on  the 
Red  Sea,  nearly  opposite  its  bifurcation  into  the  Gulfs  of 
Suez  and  Akabah,  and  anciently  famous  as  an  emporium 
of  the  trade  between  Egypt  and  India.     Lat.  27°  24'  N. 

Myra,  mee'r&,  a  decayed  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  its  S. 
coast.     Lat.  36°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  3'  E. 

My'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee  River,  5  miles  E.  of  West  Bend,  and  13  miles 
W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  has  a  brick-yard,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
lime-kiln. 

My'rickville)  a  post-village  in  Taunton  township,  Bris- 
tol CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  New  Bedford  &  Taunton  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Bos- 
ton, and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Taanton.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
granite-quarries. 

Myr'na,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 

My'ron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Deoorah.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

MyrtiliS)  the  ancient  name  of  Mertola. 

Myrtle,  m!r't§l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas, 
60  miles  S.  of  Kearney,  Neb.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Myrtle,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Neb. 

Myrtle,  a  post-office  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

Myrtle  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  flows 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Myrtle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
on  or  near  the  South  Fork  of  the  Umpqua  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Myrtle  Creek,  17  miles  S,  of  Roseburg.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Myrtle  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 

Myrtle  Point,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Mysa,'^ supposed  ancient  name  of  Naggar. 

Myschkin,  or  Myshkin,  Russia.    See  Mishkin. 

Myslenice,  mis-14-neet'si,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
18  miles  S.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  1921. 

Myslowitz,  mis'lo-^its^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  Polish  frontier,  116  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Breslau.  Pop. 
6826.     Near  it  are  mines  of  coal  and  zinc. 

Mysol,  mrsol',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  60 
miles  N.  of  Ceram.  Lat.  2°  S. ;  Ion.  130°  E.  Length,  60 
miles ;  breadth,  15  miles.     It  has  several  villages. 

Mysore,  mrsor'  (Hind.  Maheahasoo'ra),  or  Maisur, 
a  province  of  British  India,  consisting  of  a  table-land  250 
miles  long  N.  to  S.,  238  miles  broad  E.  to  W.,  between  lat. 


11°  35'  and  15°  N.,  and  Ion.  74°  45'  and  78°  45'  E.,  enclosed 
everywhere  by  the  Madras  territories,  and  bounded  E.  and 
W.  by  the  Ghauts.  Average  elevation,  2000  feet  above  the 
sea.  Area,  27,077  square  miles.  Pop.  5,055,412.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Cavery,  and  others,  having  all  a  N.E.  or 
S.E.  course.  Climate  agreeable ;  temperature  from  70°  to 
84°  Fahr.  Much  of  the  surface  is  poor,  but  in  the  N.  are 
good  pasture-lands,  and  in  the  W.  extensive  forests.  Rice, 
sesamum,  betel,  sugar,  tobacco,  ginger,  fruits,  various  drugs, 
and  some  European  grains  are  raised.  The  condition  of  the 
peasantry  is  better  than  in  most  parts  of  India.  Iron, 
granite,  and  pot-stone  are  abundant.  A  small  quantity  of 
gold-dust  is  also  found.  Inhabitants  mostly  Hindoo ;  but 
in  and  about  the  towns  are  many  Mohammedans.  The 
Mysoreans  of  all  classes  are  characterized  as  a  deceitful, 
inconstant,  profligate  race,  yet  courteous,  contented,  and 
patient  under  misfortune.  Annual  average  revenue, 
69,031,870  rupees,  and  expenditure,  66,025,393  rupees. 
Chief  cities  and  towns,  Seringapatam  (the  capital),  Banga- 
lore, Mysore,  Bednore,  Chitteldroog,  and  Simoga.  Hyder 
Alee  resisted  the  British  power  in  this  part  of  India  from 
1780;  on  the  death  of  his  son,  Tippoo  Sahib,  1799,  a  large 
extent  of  territory  was  ceded,  and  the  state  became  sub- 
sidiary to  the  British.  In  1848  the  rajah  preferred  a  claim 
to  be  reinstated  in  bis  dominions,  but  it  was  deemed  inad- 
missible on  the  ground  of  his  incompetency  for  the  duties 
of  government.  Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  tiger, 
elephant,  leopard,  cheetah,  and  bears. 

Mysore,  a  district  in  the  above  province.  Area,  4127 
square  miles.     Pop.  943.187. 

Mysore,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  ID  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Seringapatam.  Pop.  57,765.  Under  Hyder  Ale© 
and  Tippoo  Sahib  it  fell  into  decay;  but  it  has  latterly 
regained  importance,  and  consists  of  a  well-built  native 
town,  a  fort,  and  a  good  suburb.    It  has  native  oarpet-works. 

Mys'tic,  a  station  in  Nevada  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Truokee. 

Mystic,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  em- 
bracing the  former  villages  of  Mystic  Bridge  and  Mystic 
River  (now  consolidated  under  the  name  of  Mystic),  is  in 
Stonington  and  Groton  townships,  on  the  two  banks  of 
Mystic  River,  a  tidal  stream,  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  in 
Fisher's  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Stonington  division  of 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  9  miles 
direct  or  11  miles  by  railroad  £.  of  New  London.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  woollen-mill,  silica- 
works,  a  manufactory  of  printers'  and  book-binders'  ma- 
chinery, a  ship-yard,  a  spool-factory,  menhaden  oil-works, 
and  the  office  of  a  newspaper,  the  Myttic  Prett.  Two  miles 
above  Mystic,  at  the  head  of  tide-water  in  Mystic  River, 
is  the  post-village  of  Old  Mystic,  which  was  known  as 
Mystic  until  1890,  when  its  name  was  changed  to  Old 
Mystic;  and  1  mile  below  the  present  Mystic,  in  Groton 
township,  is  the  post-office  and  railroad-station  of  West 
Mystic.     Pop.  of  Mystic,  about  3500, 

Mystic,  a  post-town  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railway,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  Coal-mining  and  stock-raising  are  the  principal 
industries.     Pop.  in  1890,  875. 

Mystic,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston 
<fc  Lowell  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston. 

Mystic  Lake,  in  Gallatin  co.,  Montana,  the  head  of 
Bozeman  Creek,  and  lying  12  miles  S.  of  Fort  Ellis,  is  J  of 
a  mile  long  and  i  of  a  mile  wide.     Elevation  6468  feet. 

Mystic  River,  New  London  co.  Conn.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  sea  4  or  6  miles  W.  of  Stonington. 

Mystic  River,  a  stream  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  enters 
Boston  harbor  by  a  wide  estuary  between  Chelsea  and 
Charlestown.     The  river  is  navigable  to  Medford. 

Mytichy,  me-tee'chee,  a  village  of  Russia,  government 
and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Moscow. 

Mytilene,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Mitylene. 

Myttistratnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Mistretta. 

MyAVOol'la,  a  small  island  of  the  Feejee  group.  Lat. 
18°  50'  S.;  Ion.  178°  10'  E. 

Myzum,  mit'soom,  or  Myznn,  mit'soon,  a  village  of 
Austria,  Galicia,  circle  and  about  40  miles  from  Stry,  with 
iron-mines  and  malleable-iron-works. 

Mzarib,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  El  Mezarbbb. 

Mzczonow,  or  Mszczonovir,  mshi-zo'nov,  written 
also  Mzczanow,  m§z-chi'nov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  with  the  old  castle  of  Radzielo- 
wice.     Pop.  4871. 

.Mzensk,  or  Mtzensk,  m'tsfinsk,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Mzena.  Pop. 
14,159.     It  has  a  large  trade  in  com  and  hemp. 


NAA 


1927 


NAG 


N. 


Naab)  n&b,  or  Nab,  nib  (Ger.  pron.  nip),  a  river  of 
Bararia,  joins  the  Danube  3  miles  W.  of  Ratisbon,  after  a 
S.  course  of  90  miles. 

Naaf,  n3,f,  or  Tek-Naaf,  tflk-nlf,  a  navigable  river 
of  British  India,  Araean,  enters  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles. 

Naaghi,  ni'ghee,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  BajoorT  Lat.  34°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  fs'  E.  Some 
authorities  have  supposed  it  to  be  the  Aornus  of  the  his- 
torians of  Alexander. 

Naaldwyk,  or  IVaaldwijk,  nilt'wik,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rotter- 
dam,    Pop.  4360. 

Naarden,  nin'd^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  2276. 

NaaS)  nice,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  a 
canal,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.   "Pop.  3660. 

Naast,  n&st,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Senne,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1610. 

Na^ansay',  or  Na  au  Say,  a  township  of  Kendall  co., 
m.     Pop.  918. 

Nabal,  ni^bil',  a  town  of  Africa,  dojpinion  and  43  miles 
S.E.  of  Tunis,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra.  Near  it  are  vestiges 
of  the  ancient  Neap'olis. 

Nabb,  or  Xabb's,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Scott 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  in  Lexington 
township,  and  3  miles  from  the  village  of  Lexington. 

Nabburg,  nftp'p66RG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Naab, 
31  miles  N.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1887. 

Nabha,  a  state  of  India.     See  Narbah. 

Nab-Light,  a  floating  beacon  in  the  English  Channel, 
2  miles  off  the  E.  end  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

Nabloos,  Nablous,  or  Nablus,  ni^bloos',  written 
also  Nabnlus,  Naplouse,  and  Napolose  (anc.  She- 
chem,  Sychem,  or  Sychar,  afterwards  Neap'olis),  a  city  of 
Palestine,  anciently  the  capital  of  Samaria,  33  miles  N.  of 
Jerusalem.  Lat.  32°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  28'  B.  It  is  long 
and  narrow,  stretching  along  a  small  valley  on  the  N.E. 
base  of  Mount  Gerizim ;  streets  close,  but  houses  lofty  and 
well  built  of  stone,  with  domed  roofs.  Estimated  popula- 
tion, 10,000,  comprising  many  Greek  Christians  and  some 
descendants  of  the  ancient  Samaritans ;  the  latter  occupy 
the  S.W.  quarter,  where  they  have  a  synagogue.  Here  are 
several  mosques  and  bazaars,  a  Greek  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  superior  soap  and  cotton  fabrics.  Damascus  and  the 
Mediterranean  ports  receive  hence  supplies  of  oil,  cotton, 
and  other  agricultural  products,  its  vicinity  being  well  cul- 
tivated. Near  it  are  various  Scripture  localities,  including 
Jacob's  Well  and  a  holy  place  of  the  Samaritans,  on  Mount 
Gerizim,  on  which  also  are  the  ruins  of  a  fortress  erected 
under  Justinian. 

Nabon,  ni^bon',  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Ears, 
enters  the  Persian  Gulf  opposite  Cape  Nabon,  160  miles 
S.E.  of  Bushire,  after  a  S.  course  of  115  miles.  On  it,  near 
its  mouth,  is  the  village  of  Nabon,  or  Nabend. 

Nachar,  ni^char',  a  village  of  India,  state  of  Bussaher, 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Simla. 

Nachaug,  or  Natchaug,  na-chawg',  a  small  river  of 
Connecticut,  drains  the  W.  part  of  Windham  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  unites  with  the  Willimantic  River  at  Willi- 
mantic.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the 
Shetucket. 

Naches,  ni'ches  (or  Nah'chess)  River,  Washing- 
ton, rises  in  the  Cascade  Range,  near  Naches  Pass,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Yakima  River  near  lat.  46° 
40'  N.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Nach'es,  or  Nech'es,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co., 
Tex.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Palestine. 

Nachod,  nis'od,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Koniggratz,  on  the  Mettau.     Pop.  3537. 

Nachu'sa,  a  post-village  in  Naohusa  township,  Lee 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles 
E.  of  Dixon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  farming-implements. 

Nacimento,  nS,-the-mdn'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  Anda- 
lusia, province  and  24  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  2169. 

Nack^awick',  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  43  miles  W.  of  Fred- 
ericton.     Pop.  150. 

Nackel,  nik'k^l,  or  Naklo,  nik'lo,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
IS  miles  W.  of  Bromberg,  on  the  Netze.     Pop.  5651. 

Nackenheim,  nik'k9n-hime\  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  near  Oppenheim.     Pop.  1295. 


Nackiloo,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Nakiix). 

Nacogdoches,  nak^-do'chiz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atoyac  River,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Angelina  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Houston,  East  A  West  Texas 
Railway.  Capital,  Nacogdoches.  Pop.  in  1870,19614;  in 
1880,  11,590  ;  in  1890,  15,984. 

Nacogdoches,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nacogdoches 
CO.,  Tex.,  about  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Palestine,  and  175 
miles  N.  of  Galveston.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  newspaper 
oflSces,  3  churches,  and  a  masonic  institute.  P.  (1890)  1138. 

Nacoochee,  naw-koo'ohee,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co., 
Ga.,  in  Nacoochee  Valley,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 
Gold  is  found  here.     It  is  surrounded  by  fine  scenery. 

Nacnndi,  ni-kiin'dee,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Nuku- 
lau,  one  of  the  Feejee  group,  on  a  stream,  about  20  milei> 
above  Rewah,     Pop.  about  600. 

Nadann,  n&Mawn',  Naudann,  naw^dawn',  or  Na- 
dan,  niM&n',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  on  the  Beas,  84 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Amritsir.  Lat.  31°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  18'  E. 
It  is  celebrated  for  fine  gardens. 

Nadean,  na-do',  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Tehichipa  Pass. 

Nadean,  a  post-office  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  36  miles 
N.  of  Menominee. 

Nddindal,  no'deen-d&r,  a  town  of  Finland,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Abo.     Pop.  460. 

Nadiya,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Nuddea. 

Nadudvar,  nShMoodVaR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  21  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  7879. 

Nadworna,  n4d-^0R'n&,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia, 
22  miles  S.  of  Stanislawow.    Pop.  6570. 

Nsefels,  or  Nftfels,  ni'f^ls,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  4  miles  N.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2490. 

Nserim,  or  Ndrim,  ni'rim,  a  maritime  parish  of  Nor- 
way, 22  miles  S.W.  of  Stavanger,  on  the  North  Sea. 

Nsestved,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Nestved. 

NaiPs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  11  miles  8.  of 
Big  Lick  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Naga  (n&'g&)  Hills,  a  district  of  Assam,  on  the  E.  and 
S.E.  frontier.  Area,  4900  square  miles.  Pop.  68,918.  Its 
people  are  of  the  wild  Naga  race,  and  of  many  warlike 
tribes.   Besides  these  there  are  14,383  Nagas  in  Luckimpoor. 

Nagamangalum,  ni-gi-min-gi-liim',  or  Naga- 
mangalam,  n&-g&-min-g&-l&m',  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
in  Mysore,  28  miles  N.  of  Seringapatam.  Its  citadel  con- 
tains 2  temples  and  a  ruined  palace. 

Nagapatam,  a  town  of  India.    See  Neoapatam. 

Nagapoora,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Naqpoor. 

Nagar,  ni-gar',  a  small  town  or  village  of  Central  Asia, 
capital  of  a  petty  state,  also  called  Nagar. 

Nagar,  a  division  of  India.     See  Nuggur. 

Nagara,  uk-g&'rk,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Borneo,  in 
Banjermassin.     It  has  a  trade  in  deer's  flesh  and  horns. 

Nagara  River,  Banjermassin,  is  an  affluent  of  the 
Banjor,  which  it  joins  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  town 
of  Banjermassin,  after  aS.S.W.  course  of  above  100  miles. 

Nagarbasti,  Bengal.    See  Nagokbdsst. 

Nagasaki,  ni^gi-s4'ke,  improperly  written  Nanga- 
saki,  a  seaport  and  commercial  city  of  Japan,  on  the 
S.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  in  lat.  32°  44'  8'"  N., 
Ion.  129°  51'  33"  B.  Population,  according  to  the  official 
census  of  1890,  55,063.  It  stands  on  a  hill-slope,  facing 
the  harbor,  is  regularly  built,  and  clean.  The  houses  are 
of  one  story,  built  of  clay  and  wood,  coated  with  cement, 
furnished  with  verandas  and  Venetian  blinds,  and  baring 
oiled  paper  in  place  of  glass.  The  chief  edifices  are  the 
palaces  of  the  governors  and  other  grandees,  the  Dutch  and 
Chinese  factories,  arsenal,  several  theatres,  and  upwards  of 
60  temples,  enclosed  by  gardens,  which,  with  numerous  tea- 
houses, form  the  favorite  public  resorts  of  the  population. 
The  harbor  is  about  7  miles  in  length  by  one  mile  in  breadth, 
and  ships  lie  securely  sheltered  in  5  or  6  fathoms  of  water. 
It  has  a  hospital,  collegb,  dry-dock,  and  slips  for  shipping. 
Previous  to  the  treaty  which  was  concluded  in  1854  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  the  Japanese,  this  was  the  only 
port  of  Japan  open  to  foreign  traders,  and  the  Dutch  and 
Chinese  who  resorted  to  it  were  confined,  under  strict  su- 
pervision, to  the  artifical  island  of  Desima,  only  600  feet 
in  length  by  240  feet  across,  off  the  shore.    The  shops  are 


NAa 


1928 


NAI 


numerous  and  well  supplied,  and  there  are  many  breweries 
for  rice-beer.  It  has  still  a  large  European  and  Chinese 
trade,  and  is  a  great  depot  for  pottery. 

Nagera,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Najkka. 

Nagerilla,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Najbrilla. 

Naggar^  n&g^gar'  (ano.  My'sa  t),  a  walled  town  of  In- 
dia, in  the  plain  of  Bunnoo,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Peshawer. 

Naggree,  nig^gree',  or  Nagri-Kote,  n4*gree'-k5t,  a 
fort  and  important  military  station  of  India,  state  and  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Sikkim.     Lat.  26°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  8'  E. 

Nagoldj  n&'golt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  Black  Forest, 
on  the  Nagold,  16  miles  W.  of  Tubingen.     Pop.  2972. 

Nagorbussy)  ni-gor-biis'see,  or  Nagarbasti,  n&- 
gur-bus'tee,  a  town  of  Bengal,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Patna,  dis- 
trict and  20  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Durbungah. 

Nagore^  n&-g5r',  called  also  Nagar  and  Rfgnagar^ 
a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Beerbhoom,  of  which  it  was 
once  the  capital,  117  miles  N.W.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  route 
to  Patna,  and  seated  in  the  midst  of  an  area  10  miles  in 
diameter,  enclosed  by  a  mud  rampart  and  trench.  Lat.  23° 
56'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  21'  B.    It  is  now  in  ruins. 

NagorC)  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
district  and  48  miles  E.  of  Tanjore,  on  the  Nagore  River, 
a  branch  of  the  Carery,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  here  crossed  by  a  nine-arched  bridge.  Lat.  10°  49'  N. 
It  is  populous,  busy,  and  well  built.  Chief  edifices,  its 
mosques,  and  a  square  tower,  160  feet  in  height. 

Nagore^  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and  70  miles  N.E. 
of  Joodpoor.  It  is  fortified,  and  noted  for  its  manufactures 
of  brass  and  iron  wares.     Pop.  about  40,000. 

Nagowic'ka  Lake*  Wisconsin,  in  Waukesha  co. 
Length,  2^  miles ;  breadth,  |  of  a  mile. 

Nagoya^  n&-goy'&,  a  oity  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
170  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tokio,  and  7  milea  N.E,  of  the  port 
of  Miya.  It  is  regularly  built,  with  a  strong  fortress,  many 
temples  and  monasteries,  a  college,  and  manufactures  of  fans, 
porcelain,  lacquered,  enamelled,  and  carved  wares,  Ac.  It 
is  one  of  the  largest  cities  of  the  empire.    P.  1890,  162,767. 

Nag^poor',  Nagpur,  nig'poor',  or  Nagpore,  nig^- 

for'  (native,  Nagapoora,  "  town  of  serpents"),  a  oity  of 
ndia,  capital  of  Nagpoor  district  and  division,  and  of  the 
Central  Provinces,  100  miles  E.  of  Ellichpoor,  and  440 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bombay.  It  is  the  seat  of  many  gov- 
ernment offices,  and  has  a  large  trade,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  silk,  woollens,  and  cutlery.     Pop.  (1891)  117,910. 

Nagpoor^  or  Nagpnr,  a  division  of  the  Central  Prov- 
inces, India,  comprising  the  districts  of  Balaghat,  Bhun- 
dara,  Chanda,  Nagpoor,  and  Warda.  It  is  for  the  most  part 
«  great  and  fertile  plain.  Area,  22,343  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Nagpoor.  Pop.  2,280,081.  Naopoor  District  has  an 
area  of  3734  square  miles.     Pop.  639,341. 

Nagri'Kote,  a  fort  of  India.     See  Naggrbe. 

Nag's  Head,  a  township  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1000. 

Naguabo,  n&-gw&'Bo,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Porto  Rico. 

Nagy,  nSdj,  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "great," 
prefixed  to  many  places  in  Hungary  and  Transylvania. 
For  those  not  undermentioned  see  additional  name. 

Nagy  Abony,  n5dj  Sh^bafi',  a  town  of  West  Hungary, 
CO.  and  49  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth,     Pop.  10,232. 

Nagy  Ag)  nddj  &g,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Hunyad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vajda-Hunyad.  Pop.  2003, 
employed  in  the  adjacent  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Nagy  Aranyos,  Transylvania.     See  Aranyos. 

Nagy  Bajom,  nSdj  b5h^yom',  a  village  of  Transyl- 
vania, CO.  of  Sumegh.     Pop.  4309. 

Nagy  Banya,  nSdj  bSn'ySh^  (i.e.,  the  "  Great  Mines") 
(Ger.  Neustadt,  noi'st&tt),  a  town  of  East  Hungary,  32 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Szathmar,  near  the  Transylvanian  frontier. 
It  has  churches  of  various  sects,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  col- 
lege, and  is  the  capital  of  one  of  the  principal  mining  dis- 
tricts of  Hungary,  most  of  its  inhabitants  being  employed 
in  mining  industry.     Pop.  7200. 

Nagy  Becskerek,  n6dj  baitch^ki-rek',  or  Great 
Becskerek,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Bega,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  canal.  It  possesses  important 
privileges,  is  the  seat  of  several  district  offices,  and  contains 
a  Roman  Catholic  and  a  Greek  church.     Pop.  19,666. 

Nagy  Diznod,  Transylvania.     See  Hbltau. 

Nagy  Enyed,  nSdj  fin^yfld'  (Ger.  Egidstadt,  A'ghit- 
Btitt^),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Maros,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Karlsburg,  with  a  Protestant  college,  a  museum, 
cavalry  barracks,  and  a  public  library.     Pop.  6779. 

Nagy  Gyor,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Raab. 

Nagy  Ida,  n5dj  ee'dSh^,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Aba  Uj  Var,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  740. 


Nagy  Kaba,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Eaba. 

Nagy  Kallo,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kallo. 

Nagy  Kauisa,  Hungary.    See  Kanisa,  Nagy. 

Nagy  Karoly,  nSdj  kfih'ril',  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
00.  of  Szathmar,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  12,764. 

Nagy  Kata,  nSdj  kSh'tSh*,  a  market-town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pesth,  with  a  castle,  a  Protestant 
church,  and  large  cattle-markets.     Pop.  6093. 

Nagy  Kikinda,  Hungary.     See  Kikinda. 

Nagy  Koros,  nSdj  ko'rosh'  (t.e.,  "Great  KSros"),  a 
market-town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  49  miles  E.  of  Pesth,  in 
a  fertile  but  somewhat  marshy  district.  It  contains  Prot- 
estant, Greek,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue, 
and  a  gymnasium,  with  a  library,  and  has  a  considerable 
trade  in  wool  and  cattle.     Pop.  20,091. 

Nagy  Kunsdg,  a  district  of  Hungary.    See  Cuhania. 

Nagy  Levard,  Hungary.    See  Levard. 

Nagy  Mada,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Mada. 

Nagy  Magyar,  nSdj  mSd^ySR',  or  Gross  JMagen- 
dorf,  groce  mig'§n-doRr,  a  village  of  Hungary,  13  miles 
from  Presburg.     Pop.  2732. 

Nagy  Margitta,  a  town  of  Hungary.    SeeMARGirrA. 

Nagy  Maros,  nSdj  mdr'osh',  or  Gross  Marosch, 
groce  m&'rosh,  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Danube,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  3200. 

Nagy  Martony,  Hungary.    See  Mattersdobf. 

Nagy  Mihaly,  nSdj  mee^hil'  (Ger.  Grots  Michel,  groce 
mee'K^l),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  and  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Zemplin.  Pop.  3516.  The  Nagy  Mihalt  River  of 
Transylvania  joins  the  Theiss  near  Huszth. 

Nagy  Sarlo,  nSdj  saR'lo,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
10  miles  S.  of  Barsch,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Grau. 

Nagy-Sztilos,  nCdj  so'losh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  capi- 
tal of  the  CO.  of  Ugoos,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Munkacs. 

Nagy  Tolcsva,  nddj  tolch'v5h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Zemplin,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  3064. 

Nagy  Varad,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Grosswardein. 

Nahanpara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nanpara. 

Na^haut',  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  on  a  small  rocky  penin- 
sula, connected  with  Lynn  township  by  a  narrow  sandy 
isthmus.  It  is  12  miles  (by  water)  N.E.  of  Boston,  and  4 
miles  from  Lynn.  Here  are  numerous  cottages  and  villas, 
in  which  many  of  the  people  of  Boston  and  Cambridge  pass 
the  summer.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Nahe,  n&'^h  (anc.  Na'va),  a  river  of  Germany,  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  joins  the  Rhine  at  Bingen,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  60  miles.     Affluents,  the  Glan  and  Simmer. 

Naheo'la,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Nahrawan,  n&-r&-w&n',  was  an  ancient  canal  in  As- 
syria and  Babylonia,  which  proceeded  from  the  Tigris,  near 
the  confluence  of  tho  Zab,  for  450  miles  towards  the  Per- 
sian Gulf,  with  a  breadth  of  from  120  to  130  yards. 

Nahr-el-Kebeer,  or  Nahr-el-Kebir,  n&r-il-ke- 
beer',  a  river  of  Syria,  enters  the  Mediterranean  20  miles 
N.  of  Tripoli,  after  a  westward  course  of  36  miles. 

Nahun'ta,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Gte,. 

Nahunta,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1874. 
It  contains  Fremont. 

Naiad,  ni'ad,  a  group  of  low  coral  islands  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  32'  E. 

Naila,  ni'li,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Franconia,  27 
miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  2112. 

Naillonx,  n&h^yoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  18  miles  S.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1427. 

Nail's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga. 

Nail'sea,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  with 
a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Bristol.  It  has  large  manufactures  of  crown-glass  and 
coal-works.     Pop.  2237. 

Nails'worth,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester, 
2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minchinhampton.  Population  employed 
in  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Naiman,  nrmin',  a  walled  town  of  Central  Asia, 
khanat  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Khiva. 

Nain,  nin,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  45  miles  N.W.  of 
Allahabad. 

Nain,  ni'in  (Arab.  Nein,  ni,n),  a  hamlet  of  Palestine, 
pashalic  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Acre,  now  insignificant,  but 
memorable  as  the  place  of  the  miracle  recorded  in  St.  Luke. 

Nain,  a  town  and  Moravian  mission-station  of  Labra- 
dor, on  a  good  harbor,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Hopedale,  and  in 
lat.  57°  N.     Pop.  270. 

Nair,  or  Neir,  nir,  a  town  of  India,  62  miles  S.E.  of 
Ellichpoor. 

Nairai,  ni'rl,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  South  Pacific 
Ocean,  famous  for  its  manufacture  of  mats,  baskets,  Ac. 


NAI 


1929 


NAN 


Nairn,  nirn,  or  Nairnshire,  nirn'shjr,  a  county  of 
Scotland,  having  N.  the  Moray  Firth.  Area,  including  de- 
tached districts  in  Elgin,  Inverness,  and  Ross,  estimated  at 
215  square  miles,  about  two-thirds  of  which  are  cultivated. 
Surface  mostly  rugged  and  mountainous,  except  along  the 
coast.  Principal  rivers,  Nairn  and  Findhorn.  It  is  under 
one  sheriff  with  Banff  and  Elgin,  and  unites  with  Elgin  in 
sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Chief 
town,  Nairn.     Pop.  10,225. 

Nairn,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  small  river  Nairn,  at  its  influx  in  the  Moray 
Firth,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Inverness.  It  is  lighted 
with  gas,  has  a  stone  bridge  across  the  Nairn,  county  hall, 
court-house,  and  jail,  an  academy,  museum,  hotel,  baths, 
3  branch  banks,  and  a  harbor,  with  pier  and  breakwater. 
The  burgh  unites  with  Inverness,  Forres,  and  Fortrose  in 
Bending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.   Pop.  3751. 

Nairn,  na'ern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Sciotoville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Nairn,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
KiviSre  aux  Sables,  3  miles  from  Ailsa  Craig,  and  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  London.  It  contains  a  saw-mill,  a  oarding- 
mill,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Naix,  nk,  a  village  of  France,  in  Mouse,  on  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Na'aium.  Here  numerous  fine  statues  and 
other  Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered. 

Naizin,  ni'z4N»',  a  village  of  France,  Morbihan,  8  miles 
6.E.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  2045. 

Najac,  nS,^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  Aveyron,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Villefranche,  on  the  Aveyron.     Pop.  1312. 

Najera,  Nagera,  or  Naxera,  ni-ni'ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Logrono,  on  the 
Najerilla,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain-range.  It  was  once 
the  seat  of  the  court  of  Navarre.     Pop.  2045. 

Najerilla,  Nagerilla,  or  Naxerilla,  ni-Hi-reeryi, 
a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  mountains  W.  of  Almarza, 
province  of  Burgos,  and  flows  N.N.B.  into  the  Ebro,  10 
miles  below  Najera.     Course,  40  miles. 

Nakab-al-Hajar,  ni^kib'-il-hi^jar',  a  ruined  city 
of  Arabia,  Hadramaut.     Lat.  14°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  47°  35'  E. 

Nakel,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Nackel. 

Nakhchivan,  Nakhshivan,  nik^shee-vin',  Nakit- 
schewan,  or  Nakhitschewan,  ni-keet-sh^-vin'  (anc. 
Arx'ata  or  Naxua'na,  "  first  place  of  descent"),  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  Transcaucasia,  province  and  83  miles  S.B. 
of  Erivan.  It  has  the  repute  of  being  "  the  oldest  city  in 
the  world,"  its  Armenian  name  and  tradition  implying  that 
the  tenants  of  the  ark  first  resided  here  after  the  flood ;  and 
its  vicinity  is  so  fertile  in  fruits,  especially  grapes,  as  to 
deserve  the  repute  of  being  the  region  where  Noah  planted 
a  vineyard  (Gen.  ix.  20).     Pop.  8772. 

Nakhchivan,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Yekaterinoslav,  on 
the  Don,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Novo-Cherkask,  and 
nearly  adjacent  to  Rostov.  It  was  founded  by  an  Armenian 
colony  in  1780,  and  is  the  residence  of  the  Armenian  pa- 
triarch in  Russia.  It  is  built  in  the  Oriental  style.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  several  handsome  Armenian  churches,  con- 
vents, and  a  bazaar.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  and 
cotton  stuffs,  soap,  and  leather,  with  many  distilleries,  and 
an  extensive  trade,  being,  with  the  contiguous  town,  Rostov, 
a  principal  entrepdt  of  the  Don,  and  of  the  commerce  from 
Taganrog  to  the  interior  of  Russia.     Pop.  16,258. 

Nakhodeh,  ni'KoMfih,  a  large  village  of  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Azerbaijan,  S.S.W.  of  Ooroomeeyah. 

Nakhor-Vat,  Cambodia.     See  Angkor. 

Nakilo,  n5,^ke-lo',  Nakiioo,  or  Nackiloo,  n&^ke- 
loo',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Laristan,  on  the  Per- 
sian Gulf.    Lat.  26°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  30'  E. 

Naklo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Nackel. 

Nako,  ni'ko\  a  village  of  Thibet,  among  the  West  Him- 
alayas, 12,000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  on  the  shoulder 
of  the  great  mountain  Porgyul,  103  miles  N.E.  of  Simla. 

Nako-Nako,  ni^ko-ni'ko,  a  group  of  small  islands  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  AV.  of  Nias.     Lat.  0°  50'  N. 

Nakskov,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Naskov. 

Nal,  nil,  a  walled  town  of  Beloochistan.  Lat.  27°  35' 
N.  :  Ion.  65°  59'  E.  It  is  said  to  be  of  much  antiquity, 
and  has  a  fort,  the  stronghold  of  the  Bezunja  tribe. 

Nalabu,  n&-li-boo',  or  Analabu,  &-n3,-l&-boo',  a  sea- 
port town  of  Sumatra,  on  the  N.W.  coast.  Lat.  4°  8'  30" 
N. :  Ion.  96°  8'  E. 

Nalcha,  nil'chd,,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions. 
Lat.  22°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  759  29'  E. 

Naicbi'ra,  a  large  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  be- 
longing to  Noakhally  district.     Lat.  22°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  91° 
IT  E.     It  was  nearly  depopulated  by  the  cyclone  of  1866. 
122 


Nalchit'ty,  or  Nalchiti,  n&l-chee't«,  a  town  of  Ben 
gal,  district  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Backergunge,  on   th* 
navigable  river  Nalchitty,  an  arm  of  the  Ganges.      It  ii 
the  seat  of  a  large  trade  in  sugar,  salt,  oil,  tobacco,  rice, 
cocoa-nuts,  timber,  betel,  ko. 

Nalda,  n&l'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  Old  Castile,  8  milec 
S.S.W.  of  Logrofio,  on  the  Iregua.     Pop.  1411. 

Nalinnes,  n&Moen',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaat, 
27  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2300. 

Nalitabari,  ni-le-ti-bi'ree,  a  town  of  Bengal,  i^  My- 
munsingh,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Sherpoor.  It  is  a  great  market 
for  cotton  and  jute. 

Nalliers,  n&Pyi'  or  nih^yi',  a  village  of  France,  io 
Vend6e,  24  miles  S.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  1274. 

Nalon,  ni,-lon',  a  river  of  Northern  Spain,  rises  near 
Tama  in  Asturias,  and,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  62  miles  past 
Oviedo,  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay  near  Mures. 

Namalouk  (n&-m&-look')  Islands,  a  group  of  several 
islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  163°  E. 

Namangan,  n&^m&n-g&n',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  Ferghana,  on  the  Jaxartes,  about  65  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Khokan.     Pop.  25,000. 

Nam'aqua,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  oo..  Col.,  on  Big 
Thompson  Creek,  aoout  56  miles  N.  of  Denver. 

Namaqua  (n&-mS,'kw&)  Land,  a  maritime  district  in 
the  N.W.  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa.  Area,  18,198  square 
miles.  It  is  a  very  dry  region,  chiefly  important  for  its 
pasturage  and  its  copper  ores.  Chief  towns,  Springbokfon- 
tein,  from  which  a  railway  extends  to  Port  Nolloth,  the 
principal  seaport.  Pop.  12,361.  The  above  is  also  called 
Little  Namaqua  Land,  to  distinguish  it  from  Great  Namaqua 
Land,  a  vast  region,  having  the  Ealihari  Desert  on  the  E. 
and  the  Atlantic  on  the  W.,  and  reaching  from  Orange 
River  N.  to  the  latitude  of  Walfish  Bay.  It  is  peopled  by 
Namaquas,  a  Hottentot  tribe,  and  is  claimed  by  Great 
Britain.    See  Hottentots. 

Nameka'gon  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  a  small  lake 
of  the  same  name  in  Bayfield  co.,  and  runs  southwestward 
into  Burnett  co.  It  finally  runs  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  St.  Croix  River  in  the  county  last  named.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Namen,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Namub. 

Nameoki,  nam^e-o'k^,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co., 
111.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  is  also  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Nameszto,  ndh^mdss'to^  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Arva,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Also-Kubin.     Pop.  1350. 

Namiescht,  n&^meesht',  a  town  of  Moravia,  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Znaim,  on  the  Oslava.     Pop.  1560. 

Namiescht,  a  town  of  Moravia,  8  miles  W.  of  Olmutz. 

Namnetes,  an  ancient  name  of  Naxtes. 

Namonouito,  n&-mo-noo-ee'to,  a  coral  island  group 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  160°  E. 

Namoo,  or  Namou.    See  Muskillo. 

Namooka,  Friendly  Islands.    See  Annamooko. 

Namozine,  nam-o-zeen',  a post-ofSce  of  Amelia  co.,  Va. 

Namozine  Creek,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  "Virginia,  flows 
N.E.  along  the  boundary  between  Amelia  and  Dinwiddle 
cos.  until  it  enters  the  Appomattox  River. 

Namslau,  nims'lSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  30 
miles  E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Weida.  It  is  enclosed  by 
double  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens, 
breweries,  and  considerable  cattle-fairs.     Pop.  5383. 

Nam'sos,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  IVIinn. 

Namur,  ni'mur  (anc.  Namur'cum  ;  Fr.  pron.  ni'milR' ; 
Flem.  Namen,  ni'm^n),  a  strongly  fortified  city  of  Belgium, 
capital  of  a  province,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Sambre  and 
Mouse,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral,  the  churches  of  St.  Loup 
and  Notre  Dame,  a  new  town  hall,  and  a  public  library.  Its 
fortress  is  situated  on  a  rock  which  commands  the  Meuse 
and  the  Sambre.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  cutlery,  and  has 
manufactures  of  iron,  steel,  and  bronze  articles,  foundriia, 
glass-works,  and  tanneries.  It  has  sustained  numerouj 
sieges,  and  was  taken  by  Louis  XIV.  in  person  in  1692,  by 
the  English  and  Dutch  under  William  III.  in  1695,  and 
again  by  French  armies  in  1701  and  1746.  P.  (1891)  29,749. 

Naniur,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  on  the  S.  and 
S.W.  by  France,  and  intersected  by  the  Meu«e.  Area,  1414 
square  miles.  It  is  rich  in  mines  of  iron,  lead,  copper,  and 
coal.    Chief  towns,  Namur  and  Dinant.    P.  (1890)  341.072. 

Namur,  nim'oor,  a  post-ofBce  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  27  mile* 
N.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Namwang,  a  town  of  Cambodia.    See  Pnompenh. 

Nanafalia,  nan^ah-fa-Ii'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mareng* 
00.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Solma. 


NAN 


1930 


NAN 


NanaimO)  ni-ni'mo,  a  post-town  on  the  eastern  or 
inner  shore  of  Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia,  74 
miles  N.  of  Victoria.  It  owes  its  growth  and  importance 
to  the  mines  of  lignitio  coal  which  are  worked  in  the  vi- 
cinity, also  to  its  excellent  freestone-quarries.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  jail,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.  A  steamer 
runs  weekly  between  here  and  Victoria.  Pop.  (1891)  4595. 
NanaS)  nSh'nSsh',  one  of  the  Haiduck  towns  of  Hun- 
gary, 24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  13,198. 

Nan  ay,  ni-ni',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  the  first  consider- 
able affluent  of  the  Amazon  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Napo. 

Nance,  nSnss,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Ne- 
braska, traversed  by  Loup  River.  Area,  436  square  miles. 
Capital,  Fullerton.  Pop.  in  1880,  1212;  in  1890,  5773. 
'  Nan- Chang,  or  Nan-Tchang,  nin'ching',  a  city 
of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Kiang-See,  on  the 
Kan-Kiang  River,  285  miles  S.W.  of  Nan-King,  in  lat.  28° 
35'  N.,  Ion.  116°  E. 

Nanche,  nS,n^chi,',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Yen-Chow-Foo.  It  appears 
to  be  about  3  miles  in  circuit,  and  to  carry  on  a  very  ex- 
tensive trade,  the  river  being  covered  with  boats,  which  are 
constantly  plying  between  it  and  Yen-Chow,  Hang-Chow, 
and  many  other  places.     Pop.  about  200,000. 

Nancowry,  n&n-k5w'ree,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands, 
Bay  of  Bengal,  lat.  7°  57'  N.,  Ion.  93°  43'  E.,  about  25  miles 
in  circumference.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  and  is  the 
seat  of  a  British-Indian  penal  settlement. 

Nan'cy  (Fr.  pron.  n6N"^see' ;  L.  Nanete'utn  or  Nanee'- 
ium),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  35  miles  S.  of  Metz,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Meurthe,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Stras- 
burg.  This  is  one  of  the  finest  and  best-built  towns  of 
France.  In  the  Place  Nationale  is  the  town  hall,  bishop's 
palace,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  Stanislaus,  ex-king  of  Po- 
land, who  embellished  the  town.  The  chief  buildings  are 
the  cathedral,  church  of  Bon  Secours,  barracks,  and  hos- 
pitals. It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  an  acaddmie  uni- 
versitaire,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  national  college,  nor- 
mal school  and  library,  cabinet  of  natural  history,  and  a 
botanic  garden.  Its  embroidery  is  celebrated,  and  it  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  paper,  cotton 
goods,  oil,  and  candles.  Nancy  was  taken  by  Charles  the 
Bold  in  1475,  and  he  was  killed  while  besieging  it  in 
1477.  Louis  XIII.  took  it  in  1634.  Its  citadel  is  still 
preserved.     Pop.  in  1881,  73,208;  in  1891,  87,110. 

JNandan-Sar,  n&n^d&n'-sar,  a  small  lake  of  Cashmere, 
held  in  high  reverence.     Lat.  33°  21'  N.;  Ion.  74°  26'  E. 

Nandere,  or  Nandair,  n&nM4r',  a  town  of  India, 
Nizam's  dominions,  on  the  Godavery,  148  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Hyderabad.  Lat.  19°  3'  N.;  Ion.  77°  38'  E.  It  has  a  Sikh 
college,  which,  in  1818,  was  inhabited  by  300  students.  It 
is  a  place  of  Sikh  pilgrimage. 

Nandigarh,  nan'd^-gar',  or  Nand'garh,  a  town  of 
India,  Belgaum  district.     Pop.  5748. 

Nanee,  ni^nee',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Ghuznee,  on  the  route  to  Candahar.  Lat.  33°  25'  N. ; 
Ion.  68°  12'  E.     Elevation,  7502  feet. 

NaU'Gan,  nin'gin',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-See,  on  the  Kiang,  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Canton. 

Nangasaki,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Nagasaki. 

Nangis,  n&N<>^zhee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Marne,  13  miles  W.  of  Provins.  Pop.  2400.  It  has  ex- 
tensive markets  for  the  supply  of  Paris  with  provisions. 

Naning,  Malay  Peninsula.    See  Malacca. 

Nan\jenioy',  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  Potomac  River,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Nanjingode,nin'jin-g3d',  a  village  of  India,  province 
and  15  miles  S.  of  Mysore,  on  the  Kapini.  The  village 
contains  a  celebrated  temple  of  Seeva. 

Nanka  (n&n'k&)  Islands,  three  islands  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  between  Billiton  and  Banca,  4  or  5  miles  from 
the  Banca  shore.  Great  Nanka,  the  largest,  about  li  miles 
in  extent,  is  in  lat.  2°  25'  S.,  Ion.  105°  48'  30"  E. 

Nankin,  nan-kin'  or  nan'kin,  a  post- hamlet  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Nankin  and  Livonia  townships,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Plymouth,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  vinegar-factory.  Nankin  township 
is  drained  by  the  Rouge  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  and  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad.  It  contains  the  village  of  Wayne.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3127. 

Nankin,  or  Or'ange,  a  post- village  in  Orange  town- 
ship, Ashland  co.,  0.,  4  miles  from  Ashland,  and  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches.  The  post-office  is 
Nankin.  Pop.  about  200.  It  is  1  mile  from  Nankin  Sta- 
tion on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad. 


Nanking,  n&n^king',  or  Nankin,  n&n^kin'  or  nin^- 
keen',  the  "  Southern  Capital"  (called  also  Kiang-Ning), 
as  distinguished  from  Peking,  the  "  Northern  Capital,"  a 
celebrated  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Kiang- 
Soo,  and  anciently  of  Southern  China,  is  situated  near  the 
right  bank  of  the  Yang-tse^Kiang,  about  90  miles  from  its 
mouth,  560  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Peking.  Lat.  32°  2'  N, ;  Ion. 
118°  49'  E.  Its  ancient  walls  can  be  traced  over  hill  and 
dale  for  35  miles,  but  Nanking  has  so  greatly  declined 
since  the  transference  of  the  seat  of  empire  to  Peking,  in 
the  thirteenth  century,  that  the  modern  walls  are  of  much 
less  extent.  The  river  opposite  Nanking  is  li  miles  broad, 
26  fathoms  deep.  The  principal  streets  of  the  city  are  of 
moderate  breadth,  clean,  well  paved,  and  lined  with  hand- 
some shops ;  but  the  bouses  are,  in  general,  mean,  and  only 
one  story  high.  The  part  of  the  city  occupied  by  the  Man- 
choos  is  separated  by  a  cross-wall  from  the  Chinese  town. 
The  great  extent  of  the  wall  renders  the  defence  of  the  city 
difficult;  besides  which  it  is  overlooked  from  the  hills  od 
the  £.  On  that  side  there  are  three  gates ;  the  land  to* 
wards  the  river  is  marshy,  and  the  gates  are  approached  on 
stone  causeways.  A  deep  canal  or  ditch  runs  up  from  the 
river  directly  under  the  walls  on  the  W.,  serving  to  strength- 
en the  approaches  on  that  side.  The  most  remarkable 
structure  in  Nanking  was  the  Porcelain  tower,  called,  by 
the  Chinese,  the  Recompensing  Favor  Monastery,  built 
1411-32,  pre-eminent  above  all  other  similar  buildings  in 
China  for  its  completeness  and  elegance,  but  destroyed  by 
the  Tae- Pings,  during  whose  occupation  (1853-64)  the  city 
suffered  much.  The  tower  was  of  an  octagonal  form,  261 
feet  high.  In  the  interior  were  apartments  richly  gilt  and 
otherwise  elaborately  adorned.  The  material  was  a  kind 
of  white  brick,  made  of  fine  clay  ;  the  entire  cost  of  the 
edifice  was  from  $35,000,000  to  $40,000,000.  Among  the 
other  objects  may  be  mentioned  the  "  tomb  of  the  kings," 
supposed  to  be  of  the  Ming  dynasty,  a.d.  1328  to  1621; 
leading  to  it  is  a  fine  paved  road  with  an  avenue  of  gigantic 
armed  figures ;  the  government  palace  and  an  observatory 
are  also  worthy  of  note.  Nanking  has  important  manu- 
factures of  crape,  satin  of  the  finest  quality,  paper,  artificial 
flowers,  and  China  or  Indian  ink,  and  gives  its  name  to  the 
well-known  "  Nankeen"  cotton  cloth,  which  is  also  made 
throughout  the  whole  province.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  very 
extensive  trade,  and  by  the  Great  Canal,  which  crosses  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang  about  50  miles  eastward,  it  communicates 
directly  with  Peking.  It  is  also  the  residence  of  a  grand 
viceroy,  with  authority  over  the  Kiang  provinces,  and  is  a 
great  military  depot,  and  the  chief  seat  of  literature  in  the 
empire.  The  British  forces  remained  before  it  from  the 
10th  to  the  29th  of  August,  1842,  on  which  last  day  the 
final  treaty  between  China  and  England  was  signed  and 
ratified.  In  1853  the  Tae-Pings  assaulted  Nanking,  took  it^ 
and  made  it  their  capital.  It  was  bombarded  by  the  British 
and  stormed  and  captured  by  the  Imperialists  in  1864.  By 
treaty  it  is  an  open  port ;  but  it  has  little  commerce. 

Nan-Ling,  n&n'ling',  a  mountain-chain  in  China,  lat. 
26°  N.  and  between  Ion.  104°  and  118°  E.,  separates  the 
basins  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  and  Kan-Kiang  Rivers 
northward  from  that  of  the  Hong-Kiang  and  its  affluents 
southward,  and  the  Quang  provinces  from  those  of  Eoei 
Choo  and  Hoo-Nan. 

Nan'na  Hnb'ba,  a  post-office  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala. 

Nan-Ngang,  n&n^ng&ng',  a  city  of  China,  in  Kiang- 
See,  on  Lake  Po-Yang,  230  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nan-Chang. 

Nan'nie,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Nan-Ning,  nin^ning',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-See,  70  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin. 

Nanooki,  or  Nanonki,  ni-noo'kee,  an  island  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  0°  11'  N.,  Ion.  173°  39'  20"  E.,  6i  miles 
long  and  from  2  to  5i  miles  wide. 

Nanooti,  or  Nanonti,  n&-noo'tee,  or  Syd'enham 
Island,  in  the  South  Pacific,  one  of  the  group  of  Bishop's 
Islands.    Lat.  0°  45'  S.;  Ion.  174°  31'  E.  Length,  19  miles. 

Nanpa'ra,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  25  miles  N.  of 
Bharaich.     It  has  manufactures  of  fire-works.     Pop.  6858. 

Nanphio,  an  island  of  the  ^gean  Sea.     See  Anaphe. 

Nan'semond,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia,  bor- 
ders on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Hampton  Roads,  and  is  drained 
by  Nansemond  River.  It  comprises  a  part  of  the  Dismal 
Swamp.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  cypress,  Ac.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn, 
sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Seaboard  A  Roanoke  Railroad, 
the  Norfolk  A  Western  Railroad,  the  Atlantic  A  Danville 
Railroad,  and  other  lines.  Capital,  Suffolk.  Pop.  in  1870^ 
11,576;  in  1880,  15,903;  in  1890,  19,692. 


NAN 


1931 


NAF 


.Nansemond  Rirer^  Virginia,  rises  in  Nansemond  co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  Hampton  Roads.  Sloops  can 
ajicend  it  nearly  20  miles. 

IVant,  n5N»,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  11  miles 
E.S.B.  of  Millau.     Pop.  1265. 

Nantaha'la,  a  post-township  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  about 
60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  is  drained  by  the  Nan- 
tahala  River.     Its  surface  is  mountainous.     Pop.  383. 

Nantas'ket,  a  post-ofl5ee  of  Norfolk  co.,  Miiss. 

Nantasket  Beach,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  narrow 
peninsula  which  extends  from  Cohasset  township  into  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay,  and  is  about  5  miles  long.  On  it  is  the 
town  of  Hull.  It  is  about  12  miles  by  water,  or  18  miles 
by  rail,  S.E.  of  Boston,  is  a  good  bathing-place,  and  is  much 
frequented.  Here  are  several  hotels.  Nantasket  is  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad. 

Nantasket  Road,  Massachusetts,  one  of  the  main 
entrances  to  Boston  harbor. 

Nan-Tchang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Nan-Chang. 

Nanterre,  ndN«HaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  7 
uiiles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  manufactures  of 
glue  and  chemical  products.     Pop.  3890. 

Nantes,  nants  (Fr.  pron.  n6Nt;  anc.  Condivtn'cum, 
afterwards  Namne'tea),  a  populous  city  of  France,  capital 
of  the  department  of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  on  the  river  Loire, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Erdre  and  SSvre-Nantaise,  245 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail- 
way. Lat.  47°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  32'  "W.  The  city  is  built 
partly  on  several  islands  in  the  Loire,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  means  of  numerous  bridges.  The  banks  of 
the  rivers  are  lined  with  spacious  quays  for  an  extent  of 
nearly  2  miles.  They  are  finely  planted,  and  adorned  with 
elegant  mansions,  forming  a  splendid  promenade,  while  the 
■hipping  which  crowds  the  harbor  of  La  Fosse,  and  the 
vessels  on  the  Loire,  give  great  animation  to  the  scene. 
Nantes  is  one  of  the  best-built  cities  in  France.  The  prin- 
cipal public  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  with  a  richly  sculp- 
tured portal,  the  castle  of  the  ancient  dukes,  an  enormous 
mass  of  irregular  buildings,  the  castle  of  Bouffay,  with  a 
lofty  polygonal  tower,  the  HQtel  de  la  Prefecture,  the  ex- 
change with  a  peristyle  of  10  Ionic  pillars,  the  old  mint, 
now  occupied  by  the  courts  of  justice,  the  town  hall,  and 
theatre.  Nantes  is  noted  for  its  public  squares  or  prom- 
enades. It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  court  of 
first  resort,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  conaeil  de  prud'- 
hommea,  mint,  national  college,  diocesan  seminary  and  eccle- 
eiastical  school,  school  of  medicine,  hydrographical  school, 
agricultural,  horticultural,  and  industrial  societies,  public 
library  of  90,000  volumes,  observatory,  botanic  garden,  and 
a  inagazine  of  munitions  for  the  marine.  Merchant-vessels 
are  built  here,  besides  which  the  town  has  numerous  manu- 
factories of  cottons,  muslins,  woollens,  machinery,  soap, 
eopper-wares,  cordage,  and  preserved  food,  also  cannon- 
foundries,  sugar-refineries,  potteries,  distilleries,  Ac,  and  an 
extensive  maritime  commerce.  The  trade  is  facilitated  both 
by  the  Loire  and  by  a  canal  which  communicates  with  Brest, 
and  by  the  railways  which  meet  here.  Its  harbor  receives 
only  small  vessels ;  large  vessels  unlade  at  Paimboeuf. 

Before  the  conquest  of  Gaul  by  the  Romans,  Condivin- 
cum  was  the  capital  of  the  Namnetes.  In  445  it  valiantly 
withstood  a  siege  of  sixty  days  by  the  Huns.  During  the 
ninth  century  it  was  thrice  taken  by  the  Normans,  and  al- 
most entirely  ruined.  During  the  English  wars  in  France 
it  suffered  much,  repeatedly  falling  into  the  hands  of  oppo- 
site parties.  In  1498,  Anne  of  Brittany  (Bretagne)  having 
here  married  Louis  XII.,  it  passed,  with  the  rest  of  her 
possessions,  to  the  crown  of  France.  The  most  memorable 
event  since  connected  with  its  history  is  the  famous  edict 
issued  at  Nantes  by  Henry  IV.,  April  30,  1598,  securing  to 
the  Protestants  the  free  exercise  of  their  religion  and 
making  them  eligible  to  all  civil  and  military  employ- 
ments. Its  revocation  by  Louis  XIV.  involved  the  king- 
dom in  disasters  from  which  it  has  never  completely  recov- 
ered.   Pop.  in  1886,  127,482  ;  in  1891,  122,750. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Nantais,  n6N<»H4' ;  feminine,  Nantaise,  n5N»H4z'. 
Nantenil,  n6N»Hul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Senlis.     Pop.  1506. 

Nan'ticoke,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del. ,  Pop.  2076. 

Nanticoke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  about 

16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salisbury. 

Nanticoke,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.T.    P.  1056. 

Nanticoke,  a  post-borough  in  Hanover  township,  Lu- 

serneco..  Pa.,  in  the  Wyoming  Valley,  on  the  North  Branch 

of  the  Susquehanna  River,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre, 

opposite  West  Nanticoke.     It  is  on  the  Nanticoke  Branch 

Railroad,  and  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflBce, 

and  mines  of  anthracite  coal  which  produce  500,000  tons  | 


annually.     Pop.  about  4000.     Nanticoke  Station  on  the 
Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad  is  at  West  Nanticoke. 
Nan'ticoke,  a  post- village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Nanticoke  Creek,  8  miles  from  Port  Dover.     Pop.  200. 

Nanticoke  Mountain,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  a  long  ridge 
which  forms  the  N.W.  boundary  of  the  valley  of  Wyoming. 
Nanticoke  River  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  and  rung 
southwestward  into  Maryland,  in  which  it  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  the  cos.   of  Dorchester  and  Wicomico,  and 
enters  Chesapeake  Bay  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  latter 
county.     It  is  about  75  miles  long. 
Nant'meal  Tillage,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Nantua,  n6N»Hw8,',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  24  miles 
B.  of  Bourg,  at  the  S.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Nantua.     Chief 
industry,  cotton-  and  woollen-  spinning,  tanning,  and  paper- 
making.     It  has  a  trade  with  Switzerland.     Pop.  2940. 

Nantnck'et,  a  county  of  Massachusetts,  consists  of 
several  islands  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  20  miles  S.E. 
from  the  mainland.  Area,  65  square  miles.  Nantucket 
Island,  the  largest  of  them,  is  nearly  15  miles  long.  The 
soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  hay,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  The  main  island  is  traversed  by  the 
Nantucket  Railroad.  Capital,  Nantucket.  Pop.  in  1860, 
6094;  in  1870.  4123;  in  1880,  3727;  in  1890,  3268. 

Nantucket,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital 
of  Nantucket  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  island  of 
the  same  name,  about  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It 
has  a  good,  deep  harbor,  which  is  nearly  landlocked.  It 
contains  6  or  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
and  an  athenaeum,  in  which  are  a  museum  of  marine  curi- 
osities and  a  library  of  5000  volumes.  One  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  here.  A  steamboat  plies  daily  between 
this  port  and  Martha's  Vineyard  and  Wood's  HoU.  Pop. 
of  the  island  in  1850,  8452 ;  in  1875,  3201.  Nantucket  wa« 
formerly  celebrated  for  its  extensive  whale-fisheries.  It  is 
now  principally  noted  as  a  summer  resort  for  invalids  and 
pleasure-seekers.    Pop.  of  post-town  in  1890,  3268. 

Nantucket  Shoals,  situated  S.E.  of  Nantucket  Island, 
cover  an  area  of  about  45  by  50  miles.  Here  many  ressels 
have  been  wrecked  and  lives  lost. 

Nantwich,  nant'ich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18J 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chester,  on  the  Birmingham  <fc  Liverpool 
Canal,  and  on  2  railways,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Crewe.  It  has  a 
handsome  bridge  across  the  river  Weaver,  and  manufac- 
tures of  shoes,  silk,  cottons,  and  salt.     Pop.  6673. 

Nan'uet,   a  post-village  of    Rockland   co.,   N.Y.,   in 
Clarkstown  township,  on  the  Piermont  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Nanuet  &  New  City  Railroad,  28  miles 
N.  of  Jersey  City.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Nan- Yang,  n&n^-y&ng',  a  city  of  China,  province  and 
150  miles  N.E.  of  Canton,  with  battlemented  walls. 
Naogaon,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Nowgong. 
Nao'mi,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 
Naomi,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Kansas. 
Naomi,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo..  Mo.,  about  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Hannibal. 

Naos,  n&'oce,  a  port  of  the  Canary  Islands,  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Lanzarote,  and  a  cape  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island 
of  Ferro. 

Naours,  n&^oon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sonune,  10  miles 
N.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1724. 

Napa,  n&'p&,  Napha,  n&'f&,  also  calledNapa-Kiang, 
nl'p4-ke-ing',  a  town  of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Great  Loo-Choo,  3  miles  W.  of  Shooree.  It  is  pop- 
ulous and  well  built,  and  has  a  commodious  roadstead,  with 
a  small  but  safe  inner  port,  suitable  for  junks  and  boats 
Lat.  20°  12'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  127°  36'  67"  E. 

Napa,  nah'p^,  a  river  of  Napa  co.,  California,  rises  in 
the  N.  part  of  Napa  Valley,  and,  running  in  a  general 
southerly  course,  falls  into  San  Pablo  Bay.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  6  feet  draft  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Napa,  a  county  of  California,  is  adjacent  to  San  Pablo 
Bay.  It  is  drained  by  the  Napa  River  and  Putah  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  presents  beautiful 
scenery.  On  tne  N.W.  border.  Mount  St.  Helena  rises 
4343  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  a  rich  mine  of  cinnabar,  or  quicksilver, 
and  sulphur  springs  which  are  reputed  to  have  medicinal 
virtue.  Among  the  remarkable  objects  is  a  forest  of  petri- 
fied or  silioified  trees  of  great  size,  about  5  miles  from  Calis- 
toga  Hot  Springs,  which  is  a  favorite  place  of  resort  (see 
Calistoga).  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Napa,  the  capital. 
Area,  850  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  7163;  in  1880, 
13,235;  in  1890,  16,411. 


NAP 


1932 


NAP 


Napa,  or  Napa  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Napa 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  Napa  River, 
about  11  miles  N.  of  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo.  It  is  39  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  San  Francisco,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  California  Pacific  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  collegiate  institute,  a  seminary  for  girls,  2  banking- 
houses,  8  churches,  manufactures  of  machinery,  ploughs, 
farming-utensils,  and  boots  and  shoes,  and  printing-oflaces 
which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Pop.  in 
1890,  4395  ;  of  the  township,  8788. 

Napagedl,  ni'pi-ghfid'l',  a  town  of  Moravia,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hradisch,  on  the  March.     Pop.  2510. 

Napa  Junction,  a  post-oflSce  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  main 
line  and  Napa  Branch,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco, 
and  8  miles  S.  of  Napa. 

Napa-Kiang,  Loo-Choo  Islands.    See  Napa. 

Nap'anee,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Lennox,  situated  on  the  Napanee  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  26  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  contains 
churches  of  5  denominations,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  paper-mill,  hotels,  mills,  and  factories,  and  a  num- 
ber of  stores.     Napanee  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2967. 

Napanee  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Addington  oo.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Nap'anock,  or  Nap'onock,  a  post- village  in  Wawar- 
sing  township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondout  Creek,  and  on 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  1^  miles  from  Ellenville, 
and  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg.  It  contains  2 
churches,  a  paper-mill,  an  axe-factory,  an  iron-furnace,  and 
a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Nap'avine,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lewis  oo., 
Washington,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  N. 
of  Kalama. 

Napeh  Mew,  n&'p^h  mu,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
road  from  Ava  into  Aracan,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salen. 

Na'perville,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co.,  111.,  in 
Naperville  and  Lisle  townships,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Du  Page  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  9  miles  E.  of 
Aurora.  Here  is  the  Northwestern  College,  which  was 
founded  in  1861  by  the  Evangelical  Association.  Naper- 
ville contains  also  a  Qormal  school,  which  is  a  department 
of  that  college,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  7  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2216. 

Napha,  Loo-Choo  Islands.    See  Napa. 

Napier,  na'pi-?r,  a  post-township  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1826.  It  contains  New  Paris.  Napier  Station  is  on 
the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Bedford. 

Napier,  a  town  of  the  N.  island  of  New  Zealand,  on  a 
peninsula  of  the  S.  side  of  Hawke  Bay.  It  has  a  good 
roadstead,  but  its  inner  harbor  is  shoal,  and  large  vessels 
discharge  by  lighters.  It  is  well  built,  is  the  terminus  of  a 
railway  into  the  interior,  and  has  good  public  buildings, 
a  grammar-school,  hospital,  and  lunatic  asylum,  and  manu- 
factures of  soap,  castings,  leather,  &c.     Pop.  5000. 

Napier,  na'pi-§r,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Sydenham,  6  miles  S.  of  Kerrwood.  It 
has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  250. 

Napier  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Napierville,  na'pi-^r-vil,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Quebec,  intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area, 
152  square  miles.     Capital,  Napierville.     Pop.  11,688. 

Napierville,  or  Saint  Cyprien,  siN»  see^pree^6N»', 
a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Napierville, 
situated  on  Montreal  River,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  a  church,  several  stores  and  hotels,  a  tannery,  and 
saw-,  grist-,  and  oarding-mills.     Pop.  1000. 

Naples,  ni'pelz  (Fr.  pron.  n&p'l ;  It.  Napoli,  ni'po-le; 
Sp.  and  Port.  Ndpolea,  ni'po-lfis;  Ger.  Neapel,  ni-a'pQl; 
ano.  Parthen'ope  and  Neap'olis),  the  most  populous  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Naples,  and  the  former 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Bay 
of  Naples,  at  the  foot  of  Vesuvius,  118  miles  S.E.  of  Rome. 
Lat.  of  observatory,  40°  61'  8"  N.;  Ion.  14°  15'  5"  B.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  excellent  climate  j  mean  temperature 
of  year,  69°.6 ;  winter,  47°.6 ;  summer,  73°.l  Fahr.  The 
city  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  vast  and 
picturesque  bay  to  which  it  gives  its  name.  It  extends 
partly  along  the  shore  and  partly  up  the  acclivity  of  the 
adjacent  mountains,  being  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  pic- 
turesque height  of  Posilippo,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  lofty 
tops  of  Vesuvius,  while  the  surrounding  country,  rich  in 
natural  beauty,  derives  additional  attractions  from  the  nu- 
merous villas  and  other  objects  with  which  art  has  embel- 
lished it.     Naples  is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  dominated 


by  three  forts  or  castles,  St.  Elmo,  occupying  a  hill  on  the 
N.W.,  Castello  Nuovo,  between  the  royal  palace  and  the 
sea,  and  Castello  del  Ovo,  on  a  rocky  islet  connected  by  a 
jetty  with  the  land.  Immediately  adjoining  is  a  large 
arsenal  and  cannon-foundry,  which  has  the  appearance  of 
a  fortification,  being  flanked  with  bastions.  The  great 
mass  of  the  buildings  of  which  the  city  consists  forms  an 
irregular  oblong,  about  3  miles  in  length  by  li  miles  in 
breadth,  but  by  including  the  suburbs,  which  encroach  so 
closely  upon  the  town  as  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from  it, 
the  area  will  be  nearly  doubled.  Some  of  the  gates  are  now 
near  the  centre  of  the  city. 

The  modern  streets  of  Naples  are  regular,  clean,  and  ad- 
mirably paved  with  square  blocks  of  lava,  but  the  older 
ones  are  for  the  most  part  inconveniently  narrow.  The 
houses  are  large,  substantial,  and  lofty,  averaging  not  less 
than  five  or  six  stories,  with  flat  roofs,  to  which  the  inmates 
often  resort.  They  are  generally  provided  with  balconies 
and  other  projections,  which,  like  the  roofs,  are  crowded 
with  plants  and  shrubs.  The  street  which  forms  the  prin- 
cipal thoroughfare  is  called  Toledo,  or  Roma.  Commencing 
at  the  extreme  N.,  it  traverses  the  middle  of  the  city 
throughout  its  whole  length.  There  are  numerous  squares, 
which  are,  however,  generally  small  and  irregular.  The 
principal  are  the  Largo  de  Palazzo,  chiefly  occupied  by  the 
palace,  which  gives  it  its  name,  and  a  large  modem  church, 
the  Largo  de  Castello,  and  the  Piazza  di  Mercato,  or  mar- 
ket-place. Many  fountains  of  excellent  water  are  scattered 
over  the  different  quarters  of  the  city,  and  fine  promenades 
are  furnished  by  several  of  the  quays  along  the  shore. 
The  Spiaggia  (8pe-&d'j&,  t.e.,  "strand")  is  of  great  length, 
extending  from  the  Castello  del  Ovo  to  the  Tomb  of  Virgil 
and  the  Mole.    It  is  adorned  with  numerous  marble  statues. 

The  public  edifices  most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  cathe- 
dral, a  large  Gothic  building,  held  in  high  veneration  in 
consequence  of  possessing  the  relics  of  St.  Januarius  or 
Gennaro;  the  church  Dei  Santi  Apostoli,  said  to  have  been 
originally  founded  by  Constantino  the  Great,  on  the  site  of 
a  temple  of  Mercury;  the  church  of  St.  Paul,  internally 
faced  with  marble ;  the  churches  of  Santa  Maria  del  Parte, 
San  Severe,  St.  Philip  de  Neri,  and  other  churches,  to  the 
number  of  more  than  300,  several  of  them  of  architectural 
merit,  and  almost  all  of  them  richly  decorated.  Among  the 
edifices  devoted  to  secular  purposes  are  the  Palazzo  Reale, 
an  immense  building  of  three  stories,  each  of  a  different  order 
of  architecture,  richly  fitted  up,  and  adorned  with  paintings ; 
the  Palace  of  Capo  di  Monte,  on  an  eminence,  command- 
ing magnificent  views,  and  adorned  with  fine  sculptures, 
paintings,  and  articles  of  vxrtii,  belonging  to  the  celebrated 
Farnese  gallery;  the  old  palace,  where  the  courts  of  justice 
now  hold  their  sittings ;  the  Palazzo  degli  Studij  Public! 
(pi-lit'so  dfil'yee  stoo'de-e  poob'le-che),  erected  in  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  for  a  university,  but 
afterwards  converted  into  a  great  national  museum,  unri- 
valled in  its  collection  of  various  antiquities,  consisting  of 
gems,  bronzes,  vases,  Ac,  chiefly  obtained  from  the  exca- 
vations of  Pompeii  and  Herculaneum.  It  contains  also  the 
royal  library,  open  to  the  public,  having  165,000  volumes 
and  many  rare  manuscripts.  There  are  7  theatres,  of  which 
that  of  San  Carlo  is  remarkable  for  its  magnificence,  and  is 
said  to  be  the  largest  in  existence,  though  its  claims  are 
disputed  by  that  of  Milan.  Naples  is  the  seat  of  an  arch- 
bisDop,  and  has  a  commercial  tribunal,  ship-building  yards, 
and  a  royal  marine  hospital.  The  city  possesses  a  great 
number  of  institutions  for  education,  among  which  are  the 
university,  founded  in  1224  (the  best-attended  school  in 
Italy) ;  the  Lyceum  del  Salvatore,  an  establishment  for  un- 
rolling and  deciphering  the  manuscripts  found  at  Hercula- 
neum and  other  ancient  towns,  a  medico-cbirurgical  school, 
a  veterinary  school,  deaf-and-dumb  institution,  military 
school,  schools  of  design  and  music,  and  a  "  house  for  the 
poor,"  where  children  are  taught  the  different  arts  and 
trades  at  the  expense  of  the  government.  There  are  also 
many  public  schools,  but  education  is  not  generally  diffused. 
Among  the  literary  and  scientific  institutions  are  a  society 
of  arts,  sciences,  and  antiquities,  an  observatory,  a  botani 
cal  garden,  one  of  the  richest  in  Italy,  a  zoological  station 
with  a  great  aquarium,  an  agricultural  society,  physical, 
chemical,  and  mineralogical  cabinets,  and  5  public  libraries. 
The  benevolent  endowments  include  several  large  hospitals, 
among  which  may  be  named  the  De'  Incurabili  and  Delia 
Annunziata,  the  latter  partly  for  foundlings ;  the  Reclusoria, 
or  Albergo  dei  Poveri,  an  orphan  asylum,  or  house  of 
refuge,  on  a  very  extensive  scale;  and  a  Monte  di  Pietd. 

The  manufactures  of  Naples  include  a  great  variety  of 
articles.  The  first  in  importance  are  macaroni  and  vermi- 
celli, constituting  the  principal  food  of  the  great  body  «f 


NAP 


1933 


NAR 


the  people.  Next  to  it  are  silk  stuffs.  The  other  leading 
artiolos  are  fire-arms,  porcelain,  tobacco,  chemical  products, 
lace,  gloves,  soap,  carriages,  violins  and  other  musical  in- 
struments, bats,  and  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  stuffs.  There 
are  also  type-foundries,  iron-  and  glass-works,  and  a  mint. 

Notwithstanding  the  extent  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  the 
actual  harbor  is  of  small  dimensions,  being  formed  by  a 
mole,  which  projects  nearly  from  the  centre  of  the  city. 
The  water,  though  deep  at  its  outer  extremity,  becomes  so 
shallow  near  the  town  as  to  float  only  small  vessels.  Naples 
is  an  important  railway  centre,  and  is  visited  regularly  by 
steamers  from  the  principal  Mediterranean  ports. 

The  city  was  founded  by  the  Greeks,  who  called  it  Par- 
thenope,  from  a  siren  of  that  name  who  was  fabled  to  have 
been  cast  upon  the  coast  near  this  place.  It  afterwards 
took  the  name  of  Neapolis.  It  was  indebted  to  the  empe- 
rors Adrian  and  Constantine  the  Great  for  numerous  embel- 
lishments, and  became  a  luxurious  retreat,  to  which  many 
of  the  wealthier  Romans  were  accustomed  to  resort.  It 
was  here  that  Virgil  studied.  In  536  it  was  pillaged  by 
Belisarius,  and  a  few  years  after,  when  it  had  been  rebuilt, 
the  same  disaster  again  befell  it  at  the  hands  of  Totila.  It 
was  afterwards  successively  under  the  sway  of  the  Nor- 
mans, the  emperors  of  Germany,  and  the  kings  of  France 
and  Spain.  Under  the  latter  it  became  the  capital  of  an 
independent  kingdom.  It  has  often  suffered  from  earth- 
quakes and  from  eruptions  of  Vesuvius.  The  French  took 
it  in  1799,  and  again  in  1805.  Joseph  Bonaparte  was 
made  King  of  Naples,  but  was  replaced  by  Murat  in  1808, 
and  the  latter  was  driven  from  it  by  the  Austrians  in  1814. 
Among  the  numerous  objects  of  interest  in  the  vicinity  are 
Vesuvius,  Pompeii,  and  Herculaneum,  and  the  Isle  of  Capri, 

in  its  bay.     Pop.  463,172. Adj.  and  inhab.  Neapolitan, 

nee'a-pol'e-tan;  It.  and  Sp.  Napolitano,  n4-po-le-ti'no ; 
Fr.  Napolitain,  n4^poMeeHaN°'.  The  Province  op  Naples 
embraces  an  area  of  429  square  miles,  with  a  population  in 
1881  of  1,021,868. 

Naples,  or  The  Two  Sicilies,  a  former  kingdom, 
comprising  all  continental  Italy  S.  of  the  Papal  territories 
(formerly  called  "Sioilia  di  qu^  del  Faro"),  and  the  island 
of  Sicily  ("Sicilia  di  li  del  Faro").  In  1734  this  region 
passed  from  the  direct  sway  of  Spain  to  that  of  a  line  of 
kings  of  the  Spanish  Bourbon  family.  In  1861  the  last  king 
of  Naples  was  expelled  by  Garibaldi,  and  the  Two  Sicilies 
were  merged  in  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

Naples,  Bay  of  (ano.  Si'nut  Puteola'nus,  called  also 
Gra'ter  Si'nua  by  some  authorities),  a  celebrated  semicircu- 
lar inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Italy, 
adjacent  to  the  city  of  its  own  name.  It  is  about  22  miles 
in  length,  from  Cape  Miseno  on  the  N.W.  to  Cape  Campa- 
nella  on  the  S.E.,  and  about  10  miles  in  breadth,  having  on 
its  shores,  besides  the  capital  city,  Pozzuolo,  Portici,  Castel- 
a-Mare,  Vico,  Sorrento,  and  Massa;  eastward,  Vesuvius 
bounds  the  prospect,  and  westward  is  Montenuovo ;  while 
on  its  surface  are  the  isles  Ischia  and  Procida  at  its  N.  and 
Capri  at  its  S.  side. 

Naples,  ni'p^lz,  a  post-village  in  Naples  township, 
Scott  CO.,  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  on 
the  Hannibal  &  Naples  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  22 
miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
3  warehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  452. 

Naples,  a  post- village  in  Naples  township,  Cumberland 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Long  Lake,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Portland. 
Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  several  points  on 
Long  and  Sebago  Lakes.  Sebago  Lake  touches  the  S.  part 
of  the  township.  Naples  has  4  churches,  and  is  surrounded 
by  picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1058, 

Naples,  a  post-village  in  Naples  township,  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  about  42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochester,  and  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  ofiSce,  a  manufactory  of  grape-boxes,  and  sev- 
eral flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890  1266  j  of  township,  2456. 

Naples,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1388. 
It  contains  Mondovi. 

Naplouse,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Nabloos. 

Napo,  n&'po,  a  river  of  South  America,  Ecuador,  rises 
on  the  N.  side  of  Cotopaxi,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Amazon,  lat.  3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  73°  20'  W.,  after  a  course  esti- 
mated at  800  miles.  Affluents,  the  Coca,  Aguarico,  and  Cu- 
raray.  On  it,  near  its  source,  is  the  village  of  Napo,  140 
miles  S.E.  of  Quito.    It  is  navigable  500  miles  for  stetimers. 

Napo'leon,  a  decayed  village  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  about 
90  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Ripley 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  steam  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  tannery,  Ac. 


Napoleon,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  about  38 
miles  S.W.  of  Covington,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Ohio  River. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village  in  Napoleon  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  Raisin 
River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  «ko.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1120. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Lexington  and 
Kansas  City,  about  30  miles  by  land  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  wagon-shops,  Ac. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in 
Napoleon  township,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Maumee  River, 
and  on  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  To- 
ledo, and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Defiance.  It  is  connected  with 
these  places  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.     It  has  6  churches, 

2  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank,  and  1  other  bank. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2764 ;  of  the  township,  4199. 

Napoleon,  a  village  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  A  Columbus  Railroad,  at  Black  Creek 
Station,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Millersburg.  It  has  4  churches 
a  wagon-shop,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Napol^on-Vend^e.    See  La  Roche-sur-Ton. 

Napol6onville,  a  town  of  France.    See  Pontivy. 

Napo'leonville,  or  Assnmp'tion,  a  village,  capital 
of  Assumption  parish.  La.,  16  miles  S.  of  Donaldsonville. 
It  has  4  churches  (2  white,  2  colored)  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  723.    Here  is  Assumption  Post-Offio* 

Napoleonville,  New  Caledonia.    See  Canala. 

Napoles,  or  Napoli,  Italy.    See  Naples. 

Napo'li,  a  post-village  in  Napoli  township,  Cattaraa 
gus  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  1  bank, 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  butter 
and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1095. 

Napoli  di  Malvasia,  Greece.    See  Moneuvasia. 

Napoli  di  Romania,  Greece.    See  Nauplia. 

Napolose,  a  city  of  Palestine.    See  Nabloos. 

Na'ponee,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Republican  River,  7  miles  W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Naponock,  New  York.    See  Napanock. 

Nappa  City,  California.    See  Napa. 

Nap'panee,  a  post- village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Locke  and  Union  townships,  on  the  Chicago  A  Baltimore 
Railroad,  97  miles  from  Chicago,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Goshen.  It  has  a  church  and  a  planing-mill.  P.  (1S90)  1493. 

Nar,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Nera. 

Nar,  or  Nar o,  Herzegovina.     See  Narknta. 

Nara,  n&'r&,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  25  milef 
N.E.  of  Kioto.    Pop.  in  1884,  24,900. 

Naraingunge,  Narraingunge,  or  Naraingange, 
na^ran-gunj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Dacca,  on  the  Lukhmia, 
a  navigable  river,  in  lat.  23°  37'  N.,  Ion.  90°  32'  E.  It  is 
a  mart  for  grain  and  oil-seeds.     Pop.  10,911. 

Narajol',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Midnapoor,  lat.  22°  34' 
N.,  Ion.  87°  39'  E.   It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  mats. 

Naral,  ni-ril',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  22  milea 
E.  of  Jessore,  on  a  deep,  navigable  river.  It  has  a  great 
trade  in  rice  and  indigo. 

Naraiyo,  Puerto,  Cuba.    See  Puerto  Naranjo. 

Naraiyos,  n&-r&ng'Hoce,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Bay 
of  Panama,  South  America. 

Naraiyos,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of 
Guayaquil  in  lat.  2°  28'  S.,  Ion.  79°  45'  W. 

Naraiyos,  n4-r&ng'Hoce,  a  cluster  of  small  islands  ia 
the  Philippines,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Luzon.  Lat.  12* 
29'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  54'  E. 

Narasipur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Narsipoor. 

Na^rasipu'ra,  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Mysore. 
Pop.  6253. 

Naraul,  ni-rawl',  a  town  of  India,  Dude,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Rajapoor. 

Nar'bah,  or  Nabha,  ni'bi,  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  the  Sirhind  plain,  about  lat.  30°  17'-30°  41'  N.,  Ion.  76° 
51'-76°  21'  E.  Area,  804  square  miles.  Pop.  226,155.  Its 
capital,  Narbah,  is  in  lat.  30°  23'  N.,  Ion.  76°  15'  E. 

Nar'berth,  a  borough  of  Wales,  oo.  and  Hi  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pembroke.     Pop.  1266. 

Narbolia,  naR-bo-lee'i,  or  Nnrapolia,  noo-ri-po- 
lee'&,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  of 
Cagliari,  near  Oristano.     Pop.  1321. 

Narbonensis  Prima,  France.    See  LANauEDOC. 

Narbonne,  naR^bonn'  (ano.  Nar'bo  Mar'tiua),  a  city 
of  France,  department  of  Aude,  35  miles  E.  of  Carcassonne, 
on  the  railway  from  Bordeaux  to  Cette.     It  has  a   Ine 


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Gothic  cathedral  and  numerous  remains  of  antiquity.  The 
Canal  of  Narbonnc  traverses  the  town,  and  communicates 
with  the  Mediterranean  and  with  the  Canal  du  Midi.  It 
has  commerce  in  honey,  for  which  it  is  celebrated,  and 
manufootures  of  brandy,  leather,  pottery,  hats,  hosiery, 
Ac.  Narbonne  is  one  of  the  oldest  cities  of  Gaul ;  it  re- 
ceived a  Roman  colony  in  121  B.C.,  and  was  made  the  me- 
tropolis of  Southern  Gaul,  which  the  Romans  called  Oallia 
Narbonensis.  At  that  time  it  had  a  port,  which  does  not 
now  exist.  Pop.  18,325. 
^    Narborough  Island.    See  Galapagos. 

Narborough's  (nar'bur-riiz)  Islands,  a  group  in 
the  South  Pacific,  off  the  W.  entrance  of  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  about  lat.  52°  S.  and  Ion.  75°  E.,  consisting  of 
8  or  10  principal  islands  and  many  smaller  ones. 

Narcissus,  nar-sis'sus,  Clerke  Island,  or  Tata- 
coto,  tiHi-ko'to,  South  Pacific.  Lat.  17°  20'  S.;  Ion. 
138°  23'  W.     It  is  about  4  miles  long. 

Narcondam,  nar-kon-dim',  a  small  but  conspicuous 
island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  70  miles  E.  of  the  N.  point  of 
North  Andaman  Island,  rising  conically  to  2500  feet  above 
the  sea.     Lat.  13°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  18'  E. 

Narda,  a  town  of  Albania.     See  Arta. 

Nardinpett,  nar-din-pfitt',  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's 
dominions,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Nardo,  nan'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Leooe,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  hospital, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  from  cotton  raised  in  the 
neighborhood.     Pop.  10,220. 

Nare,  n&'ri,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  after 
an  E.  course  joins  the  Magdalena  at  Nare,  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Honda;  affluents,  the  Samand  and  Nus. 

Narenta,  ni-rSn'tS,  (ano.  Naro  or  Nar),  a  river  of  Her- 
zegovina, rises  in  the  Dinaric  Alps,  passes  Mostar,  traverses 
the  S.  of  Dalmatia,  and  enters  the  Channel  op  Narenta, 
a  gulf  formed  by  the  Adriatic  between  the  coast  of  Dal- 
matia and  the  peninsula  of  Sabioncello.  Length,  140  miles. 

Narenta  (the  Naro'na  of  the  Romans),  a  town  of  Bos- 
nia, 27  miles  W.  of  Bosna  Serai.  It  was  occupied  by  the 
Venetians  in  987,  and  taken  by  the  Turks  in  1479. 

Narew,  ni'rSv,  or  Na'rev,  a  river  of  Russia  and  Po- 
land, rises  in  the  government  of  Grodno,  traverses  the  gov- 
ernment of  Lomza,  and  joins  the  Bug  at  Sierock,  18  miles 
N.  of  AVarsaw,  after  a  W.  and  S.W.  course  of  200  miles. 
Chief  affluent,  the  Bobr. 

Nargen,  naR'gh^n,  two  islands  of  Russia,  one  in  the 
Gulf  of  Finland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Revel,  5  miles  in  length, 
wooded,  and  having  a  light-house  on  the  N. 

Narghur,  nar^gur',  a  town  of  India,  Malwah,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Mundessor. 

Nari,  ni'ree,  a  river  of  Beloochistan,  has  its  origin  in 
Sewistan,  about  lat.  30°  N.,  Ion.  68°  E.,  and,  flowing  S.  for 
about  50  miles,  is  joined  by  the  Kauhee  or  Bolan  in  lat. 
29°  26'  N.,  Ion.  67°  58'  E.  The  united  stream  continues  to 
flow  S.,  and  is  finally  lost  in  the  plain  of  Cutch  Gundava. 

Nariad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Neriad. 

Narim,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Nartm. 

NSrim,  a  parish  of  Norway.     See  N^erim. 

Narisha,  na-ree'shi,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Dacca.  Lat. 
23°  37'  N. ;  Ion'.  90°  9'  E.     Pop.  6645. 

Narkee'ta,  a  village  and  station  of  Kemper  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Gainesville  Branch,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Meridian. 

Narkher,  nar'k^r,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
division  of  Nagpore.     Pop.  7159. 

Narlah,  nar'li,  a  town  of  India,  37  miles  B.  of  Bustar. 

Narmada,  a  river  of  India.    See  Nbrbudda. 

Narmatso,  or  Narmatzo,  naR-mit'so,  a  village  of 
Russia,  government  and  38  miles  from  Kazan. 

Narni,  naR'nee  (anc.  Nar'nia,  or  Nequi'num),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Perugia,  on  a  height  above  the  Nera,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Rome.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral and  5  convents.     Pop.  9900. 

Narnoul,  nar-nool',  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and  80 
miles  N.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Naro,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Nabknta. 

Naro,  ni'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  Naro,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Girgenti.  It  has  a  college,  an  asylum,  and  trade 
In  oil,  wine,  and  sulphur.  Here  have  been  found  many 
medals,  tombs,  and  other  antiquities.     Pop.  10,366. 

Naro  (anc.  Hyp'aa),  a  river  of  Sicily,  rises  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Caltanisetta,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  23  miles,  enters 
the  Mediterranean  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Girgenti. 

Naroomak,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Narriman. 
Narov,  or  Narov?^,  n4-rov',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Minsk,  on  the  Pripets,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mozyr. 
Narova,  or  Narowa,  ni'ro-vS,^  or  ni-ro'vi,  a  river 


of  Russia,  rises  in  Lake  Peipus,  flows  between  the  govern- 
ments of  St.  Petersburg  and  Esthonia,  and  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Finland  at  the  village  of  Narovskaia.   Length,  40  miles. 

Narovchat,  Narovtchat,  Narowtschat,  ni-rov- 
chit',  or  Norovtchat,  no-rov-chit',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  78  miles  N.W.  of  Penza.     Pop.  2203. 

Nar'ra,  two  branches  of  the  Indus  River,  above  its  delta. 
The  East  Narra  leaves  the  main  stream  at  Roree,  flows 
very  tortuously  southeastward  past  Amerkote,  and,  after 
crossing  the  Runn  of  Cutch  and  the  Ullah-bund,  enters  the 
sea  by  the  Koree  Mouth.  The  West  Narra  is  identical 
with  the  Arrul. 

Nar^ragan'sett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  on  Narragansett  Bay,  6^^  miles  W.  of  Newport. 

Narragansett  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  is  an  inlet  of  the 
sea,  from  which  it  extends  northward  nearly  to  Providence. 
It  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  cos.  of  Kent  and  Wash- 
ington, and  encloses  a  number  of  beautiful  islands,  the 
largest  of  which  are  Rhode  Island  and  Canoniout.  It  is 
about  28  miles  long,  including  the  N.  part,  called  Provi- 
dence Bay.  The  width  is  about  12  miles,  except  the  N. 
part,  which  is  nearly  2  miles  wide.  The  city  of  Newport 
is  on  the  shore  of  this  bay,  near  its  entrance  or  S.  end. 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  it  from  the  sea  to  Providence. 

Narragansett  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  North  Kingstown 
township,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  near  Bellville  Station  on 
the  Newport  A  Wickford  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  yams. 

Narragansett  Pier,  a  post-village  and  fashionable 
summer  resort  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
Narragansett  Bay,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Providence,  and  8 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Newport.  Here  are  numerous  hotels,  an 
excellent  beach,  and  several  fine  residences.  A  newspaper  is 
published  here.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  plac 
and  Providence.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1408. 

Narragua'gus,  a  small  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Han- 
cock CO.,  runs  southeastward  into  Washington  co.,  and  en- 
ters the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Narraingunge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  See  Narainoungb. 

Narriman,  nar're-m&n',  Naroomak,  Naroumak, 
or  Narumak,  niVoo-m4k',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Olti.  It  is  very  ancient,  and  was  once  a 
place  of  great  importance,  but  has  fallen  into  decay. 

Narrows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
peninsula  between  Indian  River  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  75 
miles  S.  of  Titusville. 

Narrows,  The,  New  York,  a  short  strait  which  con- 
nects New  York  Bay  or  harbor  with  the  Lower  Bay,  and 
separates  Long  Island  from  Staten  Island.  The  narrowest 
part  is  about  li  miles  wide,  and  fi  miles  from  the  city  of 
New  York.  It  is  defended  by  Forts  Hamilton,  Tompkins, 
Lafayette,  and  Wadsworth. 

Nar'rowsburg,  a  post-village  in  Tusten  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis,  and  16  miles  E.  of 
Honesdale,  Pa.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  is 
here  compressed  into  a  narrow  channel  (100  feet  deep)  by 
two  points  of  rock.  It  has  3  churches,  several  quarries  of 
blue-stone,  a  graded  school,  and  a  lumber-milL     Pop.  500. 

Narrows  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Mo. 

Narsipoor,  nar^se-poor',  a  maritime  town  of  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  40  miles  E.  of  Masulipatam,  on  the 
Godavery,  at  the  mouth  of  its  west  branch.     Pop.  6819. 

Narukot,  ni-roo'kot,  or  Jam^bago'ra  Baro'da, 
a  native  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat.  Area,  143  sqnar* 
miles.     Pop.  6837. 

Narumak,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Narriman. 

Naru'na,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Burnet. 

Narva,  naR'vi,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  81  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Narova,  9 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  It  consists 
of  an  old  and  a  new  town :  the  former,  founded  in  1123, 
has  a  town  hall,  exchange,  and  the  fortress  of  Ivangorod. 
The  new  town  is  enclosed  by  fortifications.  Narva  has  a 
salmon-fishery.  Near  it  Charles  XII.,  at  the  head  of  8000 
Swedes,  defeated  an  army  of  80,000  Russians,  on  the  30th 
of  November,  1700.     Pop.  6482. 

Nar'wah,  a  small  town  of  Portuguese  India,  4  miles 
from  Goa. 

Narwar,  narVar',  or  Nurwur,  nurViir',  a  town  of 
India,  dominions  and  45  miles  S.  of  Gwalior,  on  the  Sind 
River,  a  tributary  of  the  Ganges. 

Narym,  or  Narim,  ni-rim',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  Tomsk,  on  the  Obi,  225  miles  N.W.  of  Tomsk. 

Narym,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  tributary  to  the 
1  Irtish,  on  the  Chinese  frontier. 


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PTarzole,  naRd'zo-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  15  miles  N.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Tanaro.     Pop.  3847. 

NasbinalS)  n&s^bee^n&l',  a  village  of  France,  in  LozSre, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Marvejols.     Pop.  1181. 

Naseby,  niz'bee,  a  parish  of  England,  oo.  and  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Northampton.  The  troops  of  Charles  I.  were 
totally  defeated  here  by  the  Parliamentary  army  in  1645. 

Nasby,  St.  Louis  oo..  Mo,    See  Meramec  Station. 

Nasby,  naz'be,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Sarpy  oo.,  Neb. 

Nasby,  Clinton  co..  Pa.    See  Keating. 

Nascovia,  the  Latin  name  of  Naskot. 

Nasewan'pee,  a  township  of  Door  oo.,  Wis.,  bounded 
N.  by  Green  and  Sturgeon  Bays.    Pop.  418. 

Nash,  a  county  in  the  N.B.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  548  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Fishing  River,  and  intersected  by  Tar  River. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
Cotton,  maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Nashville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,077;  in  1880,  17,731;  in  1890,  20,707. 

Nash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles  S.  of 
Waxahachie. 

Nashawe'na,  the  second  in  size  of  the  Elizabeth 
Islands,  in  Dukes  co.,  Mass. 

Nashawn  (or  Nashawan)  Island.    See  Naushon. 

Nash  Depot,  a  station  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  Ind. 

Nash  Island,  in  Pleasant  River  Bay,  about  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Machias  Bay,  Me.  It  contains  a  light-house. 
Lat.  44°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  37'  W. 

Nashoba,  a  county  of  Mississippi.    See  Neshoba. 

Nasho'ba,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  at  Car- 
lisle Station.     See  Carlisle. 

Nasho'tah,  a  hamlet  in  Waukesha  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Dela- 
field  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Nashotah  Mission,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.. 
Wis.,  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  26  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  adjacent 
to  several  small  lakes.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  theological 
seminary  (Protestant  Episcopal). 

Nash'port,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
Licking  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and  the  Licking  River, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church  and  4  stores. 
It  is  S  of  a  mile  from  Claypool's  Station  of  the  Baltimore 
<fc  Ohio  Railroad. 

Nashport  Road,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
of  Newark,  and  about  2  miles  N.  of  Nashport. 

Nash's  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  Restigouche  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  17  miles  E.  of  Dalhousie. 

Nash's  Stream,  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  flows  into  the  Upper 
Ammonoosuck. 

Nash'na,  a  post-office  and  colony  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  St.  John's  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  orange-groves. 

Nashua,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.  Pop.  483.  It 
contains  Daysville. 

Nash'na,  a  post-village  in  Bradford  township,  Chicka- 
saw CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central 
or  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Charles  City,  and  29  miles  N.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  a 
foundry,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  banking-houses.  P.  (1890)  1240. 

Nashua,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Merrimao 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nashua  River,  35  miles  S. 
of  Concord,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lowell.  It  is  on  the 
Boston,  Lowell  <fc  Nashua  Railroad  and  the  Concord  Rail- 
road, and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  and 
Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroads.  An  extension  of  the  first- 
named  road  connects  it  with  Greenfield,  N.H.  A  canal  3 
miles  long,  60  feet  wide,  and  8  feet  deep  has  been  out  from 
the  Nashua  River  to  the  Merrimac,  in  order  to  supply 
motive-power  for  the  numerous  manufactories  of  this  town. 
Nashua  contains  11  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of 
cotton,  iron,  steam-engines,  edge-tools,  locks,  carpets,  Ac. 
The  Nashua  Manufacturing  Company  has  4  cotton-mills 
and  a  capital  of  $1,000,000  or  more.  About  2000  opera- 
tives are  employed  here  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton.  It 
is  stated  that  the  Nashua  Iron-Works  consume  in  a  year 
3000  tons  of  iron  and  800  tons  of  steel.  Nashua  was  char- 
tered as  a  city  in  1853.     Pop.  in  1890,  19,311. 

Nashua,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Castle. 


Nashua  River  rises  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  by  two 
branches,  one  of  which  is  called  the  South  Nashua  and  the 
other  the  Nashua.  These  unite  in  Lancaster,  from  which 
the  river  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction  through  Middlesex 
CO.  into  New  Hampshire  and  enters  the  Merrimac  Ri^er 
at  the  town  of  Nashua,     Length,  over  80  miles. 

Nash'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co..  Ark.,  27  miles 
N.  of  Fulton.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Nashville,  a  post-office  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 

Nashville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga., 
about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  426. 

Nashville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  50  milea 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Cen- 
tralia.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices, 
6  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2084. 

Nashville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  Salt  Creek, 
about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office  and  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  395. 

Nashville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monmouth  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  27  miles 
E.  of  Anamosa.     The  township  contains  3  churches. 

Nashville,  a  hamlet  in  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  8 
miles  N.  of  Keokuk. 

Nashville,  a  post- village  in  Castleton  township,  Barry 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Thornapple  River,  and  on  the  Grand  River 
Valley  Railroad,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  elevator,  a  bank,  1  or  2 
saw-mills,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop,  1000. 

Nashville,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  379 

Nashville,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Nashville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.,  in  Nash- 
ville township,  20  miles  N.W,  of  Carthage.  Pop,  of  the 
township,  466. 

Nashville,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Nashville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nash  oo.,  N.C, 
on  Stony  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Nashville,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township. 
Holmes  co.,  0.,  about  24  miles  S.E,  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches.     Pop.  208. 

Nashville,  a  nandsome  city,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Tennessee,  and  of  Davidson  co.,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Cumberland  River,  200  miles  from  its  mouth,  233 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  206  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington, 
Ky.,  and  684  miles  from  Washington.  Lat.  36°  9'  N.; 
Ion.  86°  49'  W. ;  elevation  above  the  sea,  460  feet.  It  is 
the  most  wealthy  and  populous  city  of  Tennessee,  except 
Memphis,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  enterprising  spirit, 
literary  taste,  and  polished  society.  Many  of  the  private 
residences  are  built  on  a  scale  of  palatial  magnitude  and 
splendor,  and  the  public  buildings  exhibit  a  corresponding 
character.  The  capitol,  which  stands  on  a  commanding 
eminence,  175  feet  above  the  river,  is  a  magnificent  struc- 
ture. The  material  is  a  fine  limestone,  which  was  quarried 
on  the  spot,  and  nearly  resembles  marble.  The  dimen- 
sions are  240  feet  by  135  feet,  and  the  estimated  cost 
$1,500,000,  It  is  built,  it  is  stated,  entirely  of  stone  and 
iron,  without  any  wood  about  it,  except  the  planking  on 
which  the  copper  roofing  is  fastened ;  the  floor  and  inner 
walls  are  of  dressed  stone.  The  foundation  of  the  oapitol 
was  laid  in  1845.  A  lunatic  asylum,  which  will  accommo- 
date 400  patients,  is  located  in  the  vicinity.  The  state 
penitentiary  at  this  place  is  310  feet  by  50,  containing  200 
cells.  This  prison,  with  its  machinery,  equipments,  and 
labor,  is  leased  by  the  state  to  private  parties  by  contract. 

Nashville  is  noted  as  the  educational  centre  of  the  South- 
western States.  Its  system  of  public  schools  is  one  of  the 
best  in  the  country.  It  has  5  school-buildings  for  whites, 
valued  at  $131,500,  and  3  school-buildings  for  colored  peo. 
pie.  Here  are  2  medical  colleges,  viz.,  the  Nashville  Medi- 
cal College,  and  the  medical  department  of  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity, both  occupying  spacious  buildings.  With  the  latter 
is  connected  the  city  hospital.  This  city  is  the  seat  of  th« 
Nashville  University,  founded  in  1806 ;  of  the  Vanderbilt 
University  (Methodist  Episcopal  South),  founded  in  1875; 
of  the  Fisk  University,  founded  in  1867,  for  the  training 
of  colored  teachers;  and  of  the  Central  Tennessee  College, 
founded  in  1866.  Nashville  has  also  2  female  seminaries, 
30  churches  for  whites,  14  churches  for  colored  people,  2  or- 


NAS 


1936 


NAT 


[>han  asylums,  4  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  public 
ibrary,  a  state  library  in  the  capitol,  a  handsome  masonic 
temple,  2  theatres,  an  opera-house,  and  a  building  for  the 
custom-house  and  post-office.  Three  daily  newspapers, 
about  20  weekly  religious  and  literary  journals,  and  a 
number  of  monthly  periodicals  are  published  here.  This 
city  has  an  extensive  wholesale  trade,  and  manufactures 
which  include  carriages,  iron  products,  furniture,  lumber, 
flour,  saddlery,  Ac.  About  400  manufacturing  establish- 
ments were  reported  in  the  census  returns  of  1890,  with  a 
capital  of  $9,166,626  and  a  product  valued  at  $13,673,730. 

It  is  connected  with  the  city  of  Edgefield,  which  is  on 
ihe  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  by  a  suspension-bridge  and 
a  railroad  drawbridge.  The  river  is  navigated  during  high 
water  by  large  steamboats  from  its  mouth  to  this  point,  and 
several  splendid  packets  are  owned  here.  Among  the  im- 
portant railroads  that  meet  here  are  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St,  Louis,  the  Louisville  <fc  Great  Southern,  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern,  the  Nashville  A  Decatur,  and  the 
Tennessee  <fc  Pacific.  Pop.  in  1860,  16,948;  in  1870,  in- 
cluding Edgefield,  30,260;  in  1880,  43,350  ;  in  1890,  76,168. 
Gen.  George  H.  Thomas  gained  here  a  decisive  victory  over 
the  Confederate  general  Hood,  December  15  and  16,  1864. 

Nashville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  on 
Chincoteague  Sound,  4  miles  from  Franklin  City. 

Nashville  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Martin  co.,  Minn., 
in  Nashville  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  a  church. 

Nashwaak,  nash'w&k,  a  post-village  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Nashwaak  River,  14  miles  N.  of 
Fredericton.     Pop.  250. 

Nashwaaksis,  nash-w&k'sis,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  outlet  of  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  opposite  the  city  of  Fredericton.  It  has  a  foundry, 
and  carding-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Nashwaak  Village,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  Nashwaak,  8  miles  N.  of  Frederic- 
ton.    Pop.  150. 

Nasielsk,  n&'se-dlsk\  a  town  of  Poland,  26  miles  N.  of 
Warsaw.  Pop.  3683.  Here  the  French  defeated  the  Rus- 
sians in  1806. 

Nasirabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nusseerabad. 

Naska,  n&s'k&,  or  Caballos,  k&-B&l'yoce,  a  maritime 
town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lima,  on  the  Pacific,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Naska,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Palpa. 

Naskov,  or  Naskow,  n&s'kov,  written  also  Naks- 
kov,  niks^kov'  (L.  Nasko'via),  a  town  of  Denmark,  the 
largest  and  most  important  on  the  island  of  Laaland,  on  a 
fiord  of  the  same  name.  Pop.  4033.  Near  it,  on  the  fiord, 
is  the  old  castle  of  Aalholm  or  Ghristiansholm. 

Naso,  ni'so  (anc.  Agathymtunf),  a  town  of  Sicily,  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina,  on  the  Naso,  near  its  mouth.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  2  churches.     Pop.  2306. 

Na'son's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Po- 
tomac, Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Railroad,  5i  miles  E.  of 
Orange  Court-House.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Nason's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Limington  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

Na'sonville,  a  hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Bur- 
rillville  township,  2  miles  from  Tarkiln  Station.  It  has  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  115. 

Nasonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Nas^rigunge',  or  Nasriganj,  nisVe-gtlnj',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad,  near  the  Sone.  Lat.  25°  3'  N. ; 
Ion.  84°  22'  E.  It  has  manufactures  of  sugar  and  paper. 
Pop.  5732. 

Nassagaweya,  n4s^si-gi-w4'yi,  or  Brook'ville,  a 

fost-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles  E.  of  Guelph. 
t  contains  a  hotel  and  3  stores.     Pop.  160. 
Nassao,  nas'saw  (Ger.  pron.  nis'sow ;  Fr.  pron.  nis^so' ; 
L.  Naaso'via),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- Nassau,  on  the 
Lahn,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1497. 

Nassau,  Ducht  of,  a  former  state  in  the  W.  part  of 
Germany,  between  lat.  49°  56'  and  50°  52'  N.  and  Ion.  7° 
30'  and  8°  30'  E.,  bounded  B.  by  Hesse-Darmstadt,  the 
Prussian  district  of  Wetzlar,  Hesse-Homburg,  and  the  ter- 
ritory of  Frankfort,  S.  by  the  Rhine  and  Main,  which  sepa- 
rated it  from  Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  W.  and  N.  by  Rhenish 
Prussia,  from  which  it  was  partly  separated  by  the  Rhine. 
In  1866  it  was  incorporated  in  the  new  Prussian  province 
of  Hesse-Nassau. 

Nassau,  nas'saw,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Flor- 
ida, borders  on  Georgia.  Area,  about  640  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  St.  Mary's  River,  and  on  the  E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.     The  soil  is  sandy.     Cat- 


tle, Indian  com,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  A  Peninsular 
Railroad  and  the  Savannah,  Florida  A  Western  Railroad, 
the  former  of  which  connects  with  Fernandina,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4247;  in  1880,  6635;  in  1890,  8294. 

Nassau,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Juno- 
tion  A  Breakwater  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Lewes. 

Nassau,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  668. 

Nassau,  a  post-village  in  Nassau  township,  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N,Y.,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany,  and  about  6  miles  E. 
of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  an  acaidemy,  4  churches,  and 
a  foundry.  Pop.  348.  The  surface  of  the  township  is  di- 
versified with  lakes  and  high  hills.     Pop.  2660. 

Nassau,  a  city  of  New  Providence,  capital  of  the  Ba- 
hama Islands,  on  a  declivity  near  the  N.  coast.  Lat.  of 
light-house,  25°  5'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  77°  21'  2"  W.  It  is  regu- 
larly and  well  built,  defended  by  forts,  and  has  a  handsome 
governor's  residence,  some  barracks,  a  prison,  government 
house,  a  public  library,  hospital,  agricultural  society,  and 
a  harbor  sheltered  northward  by  Hog  Island  and  having 
two  entrances  passable  by  vessels  drawing  from  13  to  14 
feet  of  water.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  sponges.  It  is  an 
Anglican  bishop's  see.     Pop.  8000. 

Nassau  Isles.     See  Pogqy  Isles. 

Nassau  River,  Florida,  a  small  river,  which  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  Nassau  Sound  on  the  boundary  between 
the  cos.  of  Duval  and  Nassau. 

Nassau  River,  North  Australia,  enters  Nassau  Bay, 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  latter,  near  lat. 
15°  50'  S.,  Ion.  141°  36'  E. 

Nassau  Sound,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida,  is  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Amelia  Island,  10  miles  S.  of  Fernandina. 

Nasserabad,  n&s-s^r-i-b&d',  a  village  of  Beloochistan, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Kedje,  on  the  route  to  Gwetter.  Lat.  26° 
13'  N.;  Ion.  61°  57'  E. 

Nassereit,  nis's^h-rit^  a  village  of  Tyrol,  near  Imot. 

Nas'sick,  a  district  of  India,  Bombay  presidency,  prov- 
ince of  Guzerat,  lying  N.  of  Ahmednnggur  district,  and 
traversed  by  the  Upper  Gtodavery.  Area,  8140  square 
miles.     Pop.  734,386. 

NassicK,  or  Nasik,  n&s'sik,  called  also  Nas'suck,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Nassick  district,  on  the  Godavery, 
96  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bombay.  It  is  noted  for  its  ancient 
cave-temples.     Pop.  22,436. 

Nassovia,  the  Latin  name  of  Nassau. 

Nast&tten,  n&s'tit^t^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hessb- 
Nassau,  on  the  MUhlbach,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Wiesbaden,, 
with  many  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1653. 

Nata,  ni'ti,  a  town  of  the  tmited  States  of  Colombia, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Isthmos  of  Panama,  64  miles  S.W.  of 
Panama. 

Natal,  n&-t&l',  a  colonial  possession  of  Great  Britain, 
on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Africa,  between  lat.  27°  20'  and  30° 
55'  S.  and  Ion.  28°  12'  and  31°  30'  E.,  having  W.  the  Dra- 
kenberg  Mountains,  separating  it  from  the  Orange  Free 
State,  and  N.E.  the  Buffalo  and  Great  Tugela  Rivers,  di- 
viding it  from  the  Zulu  country.  Area,  21,150  square 
miles.  Pop.  (1891)  543,913.  Surface  undulating,  well 
watered,  and  mostly  covered  with  tall  grass.  Climate  is 
sub-tropical,  the  products  on  the  low-lying  coast  being 
those  of  the  tropics,  while  those  of  the  cool  highlapds  of  the 
interior  are  sucn  as  are  grown  in  temperate  climes.  The  cli- 
mate is  healthy;  thunderstorms  are  of  frequent  occurrence. 
Timber  in  the  interior  grows  only  in  clumps  ;  the  sea-coast 
is  bordered  by  a  belt  of  mangroves.  Cotton  and  indigo 
grow  wild.  Sugar,  coffee,  wheat,  oats,  beans,  and  tobacco 
are  important  crops.  Its  only  harbor  is  that  of  Port  Natal, 
or  Durban.  Exports,  wool,  ivory,  hides,  arrowroot,  sugar, 
Ac,  to  the  value  of  about  £800,000.  Imports,  apparel, 
cotton  goods,  beer  and  ale,  leather,  hardwares,  machinery, 
woollen,  tea,  linens,  Ac.  Sugar-cane,  coffee,  cotton,  and 
Indian  corn  are  cultivated.  Modem  agricultural  imple- 
ments are  coming  into  use  among  the  natives  in  great 
quantities.  Building-stone  occurs  over  its  surface,  and 
iron  ore  is  abundant ;  coal  of  a  good  quality  has  been  dis- 
covered. The  territory  is  administered  by  a  lieutenant- 
governor,  nominally  under  the  government  of  the  Cape. 
It  is  the  diocese  of  a  colonial  bishop,  and  has  many  Prot- 
estant mission  stations  and  schools.  Capital,  Pietermaritz- 
burg.  The  country  was  discovered  by  Vasco  da  Gama  in 
1497,  and  became  a  British  colony  in  1836. 

Natal,  n&-t&l'  (formerly  Cidade  dos  Reis,  8e-d&'d4 
dooe  rk'ks  or  ris),  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state 
of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Potengi  in 
the  Atlantic.  Pop.  10,000.  It  was  formerly  an  important 
military  post,  and  has  3  churches,  a  governor's  residence^ 
I  and  a  harbor,  with  an  export  trade  in  Brazil-wood. 


NAT 


1937 


NAU 


Natal)  or  Natar,  ni-tan',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its 
8.W.  coast.  Lat.  0°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  0'  E.  Near  it  are 
(K)me  gold-mines,  and  it  has  an  export  trade  in  gold-dust, 
camphor,  wool,  Ac. 

Nata-Piinket,  British  Columbia.     See  Babinb  Lake. 

NataAvaka,  Kansas.    See  Netawaka. 

Natchaug,  Connecticut.     See  Nachaug. 

Natch^ee',  a  post-office  of  Yakima  co.,  Washington. 

Natchez,  natoh'iz,  a  hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Shoals. 

Natchez,  a  city  of  Mississippi,  and  the  capital  of 
Adams  co.,  is  on  the  Mississippi  River,  M  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  about  280 
miles  above  New  Orleans,  100  miles  below  Vicksburg,  and 
100  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  Lat.  31°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  22' 
W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  bluff,  which  is  elevated 
nearly  200  feet  above  the  river  and  affords  an  extensive 
view  of  the  immense  reach  of  fertile  lands  of  Louisiana. 
It  is  the  most  populous  city  in  the  state,  except  Vicksburg 
and  Meridian.  It  has  wide  streets,  which  intersect  each 
other,  and  many  of  the  residences  are  embellished  with 
flower-gardens.  Natchez  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  bishop, 
and  contains  a  Catholic  cathedral,  a  court-house,  about  7 
churches,  a  masonic  temple,  3  banks,  several  orphan  asy- 
lums, a  state  hospital,  2  cotton-mills,  2  oil-mills,  a  compress, 
a  foundry,  and  excellent  schools,  including  the  Natchez 
Female  College  and  a  public  school  called  the  Natchez 
Institute.  Large  quantities  of  cotton,  which  is  the  chief 
article  of  export,  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats  and  the 
several  railroads.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  The  name  of  this  city  is  derived  from  a 
tribe  of  aborigines  who  formerly  lived  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
7058;  in  1890,  10,101. 

Natchez,  Ohio.    See  South  Zanesville. 

Natchitoches,  nak'e-t5sh,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  1285  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Red  River,  and  partly  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Saline  Bayou.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  several 
lakes  and  extensive  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  parish  is  traversed  by  the  Natchitoches  Railroad 
and  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Natchitoches. 
Pop.  in  1870,  18,265;  in  1880,  19.707;  in  1890,  25,836. 

Natchitoches,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Natchitoches 
parish.  La.,  is  on  Cane  River,  which  is  navigable  for  large 
steamboats,  4  miles  from  Red  River,  and  75  miles  S.S.B.  of 
Shreveport.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and 
has  6  churches,  1  or  2  newspaper  oflBces,  a  high  school,  and 
a  convent.  Steam-packets  ply  between  this  place  and  New 
Orleans.     Cotton  is  the  chief  export.     Pop.  in  1890, 1820. 

Na'than's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Asne  co.,  N.C. 

Nathaver,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Nattore. 

Na'tick,  a  post-town  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Worcester  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sax- 
onville  Branch,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  at  the 
S.  end  of  Cochituate  Lake.  It  contains  10  churches,  2 
public  libraries,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive  manufactories  of 
boots  and  shoes  and  base- balls,  and  is  drained  by  an  excel- 
lent drainage  system.  It  contains  Felohville  and  South 
Natick.     Pop.  in  1880,  8479;  in  1890,  9118. 

Natick,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  the  Hartford,  Provi- 
dence <fc  Fishkill  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Natiolum,  the  ancient  name  of  Giovenazzo. 

National,  nash'un-al,  a  post- village  of  Clayton  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  S.W.  of  McGregor,  and  about  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

National  City,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  4  miles  S.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  a 
mild,  genial  climate,  in  which  flowers  bloom  in  all  seasons. 

National  Home,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee  co.. 
Wis.,  3  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  Here  are  about  30  public 
buildings,  erected  by  the  United  States  for  a  soldiers'  home. 

National  3Iilitary  Home,  a  post-village  of  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  at  Togus  Springs,  Chelsea,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Au- 
gusta. Here  is  a  United  States  home  for  disabled  volun- 
teer soldiers,  who  carry  on  some  manufactures,  such  as  that 
of  bricks,  lumber,  etc.  The  springs  have  had  some  repu- 
tation in  the  treatment  of  chronic  diseases. 

National  Military  Home,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  0.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Dayton.  Here  are  a  large 
brick  hospital,  a  handsome  church  built  of  native  lime- 
Btone,  a  library,  a  music-hall,  and  several  barracks,  all 
erected  for  the  accommodation  of  disabled  soldiers.  This 
establishment,  and  the  beautiful  grounds  belonging  to  it 


(640  acres),  form  one  of  the  most  attractive  objects  in  the 
environs  of  Dayton.  Here  are  about  2500  disabled  soldiera. 

National  Road,  Licking  co.,  Ohio.    See  Jackson. 

National  Soldiers'  Home,  a  post-office  of  Elka- 
beth  City  co.,  Va.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Hampton  Roads,  18 
miles  from  Norfolk.  Here  is  a  home  for  disabled  volunteers. 

National  Stock-Yards,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Louis.  Here 
is  a  great  market  for  cattle,  sheep,  &o.,  belonging  to  the 
National  Stock-Yard  Company,  which  owns  660  acres  of 
land.  The  village  contains  a  large  hotel,  a  bank,  and  a 
spacious  building  called  the  Exchange.  Several  great  rail- 
roads converge  to  this  point. 

Natividad,  n&-te-ve-d&d',  a  small  island  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, in  the  Pacific,  immediately  opposite  the  promontory 
of  Morro  Hermoso,  about  lat.  27°  30'  N. 

Natividad,  ni-te-ve-d4d',  a  post-village  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  5 
miles  from  Salinas.     It  has  several  dairies  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Natividad,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Mexico,  near 
Tezcoco. 

Natividade,  na-te-ve-di'd4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Goyaz,  on  the  river  Luiz  Antes,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sao  Feliz.     Pop.  2000. 

Nat  Moore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C,  3  miles 
from  Brinkley's  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Natolia,  Asia  Minor.     See  Anatolia. 

Nato'nia,  township,  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  523. 

Natro'na,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It 
has  a  church. 

Natrona,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  mineral  acids,  carbonate 
of  soda,  copperas,  salt,  &c.  Here  are  the  works  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Salt  Manufacturing  Company.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Na'tron  Lakes  of  Egypt  are  situated  in  a  valley 
of  the  Libyan  Desert,  called  the  Natron  Valley,  about  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cairo,  and  consist  of  8  pools,  many  of 
them  rich  in  natron,  the  collecting  of  which  occupies  about 
300  persons. 

Nattam,  nit^tim',  Nuttam,  niit'tim',  or  NutUom', 
a  considerable  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
22  miles  N.  of  Madura.     Lat.  10°  12'  N.;  Ion.  78°  19'  E. 

Nattore,  or  Nattor,  nitHor'  (native,  Natkiver,  n&t'h- 
i'v^r),  a  town  of  Bengal,  Rajeshahye  district,  30  miles  E. 
of  Bauleah.  It  has  the  palace  of  the  Nattore  rajah,  is 
densely  built,  and  is  very  unhealthy.  It  is  on  the  State 
Railway.     Pop.  9674. 

Nattradacotta,  nit-tri-di-kot't4,  a  town  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin. 

Natunas,  ni-too'n&s,  several  groups  of  islands  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Borneo,  in  the  China  Sea.  The  Great  Na- 
tuna  Island,  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  108°  K,  is  40  miles  in  length. 

Natunz,  niHoonz'  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ispahan,  about  lat.  33° 
26'  N.,  Ion.  51°  56'  E. 

Nat'ural  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Fla. 

Natural  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Indian  River,  and  on  the  Black  River  <k  St.  Law- 
rence Railroad,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown,  The 
river  here  flows  under  a  stratum  of  limestone. 

Natural  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  about  125  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  about  2  miles 
from  the  James  River.  Here  is  the  celebrated  natural 
bridge  over  Cedar  Creek,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  natural 
objects  of  interest  in  the  state.  The  height  of  the  arch  is 
200  feet,  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  bridge  is  240  feet 
above  the  stream  that  flows  beneath. 

Natural  Canal,  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  connects 
the  Oswegatchie  with  Grass  River.     Length,  about  6  miles. 

Natural  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Ark. 

Naturns,  ni'tooms,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle  of 
Botzen,  in  the  valley  of  the  Etsoh  (or  Adige).     Pop.  1625. 

Naubuc,  naw'biik,  a  post-offioe  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 

Naudaun,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nadattn. 

Nauders,  nSw'd^rs,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on 
the  Swiss  frontier,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Glurns.     Pop.  1361. 

Nauen,  ndw'^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg. 
17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Hamburg  A  Berlin 
Railway.    It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  beer,  Ac.    P.  6929. 

Naugard,  nSw'gant,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania. 
29  miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  between  two  lakes.     Pop.  4765. 

Naugart,  naw'gart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  co., 
Wis..  14  miles  N.W.  of  Wausau.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 


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Naugatuck,  naw-ga-tuk',  a  post-village  of  New  Ha- 
ven CO.,  Conn.,  in  Naugatuok  township,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  and  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Waterbury,  and  15  miles  in  a  direct  line,  or  22  miles  by  rail, 
N.N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  rakes,  hoes, 
shears,  forks,  knivee,  malleable  iron,  <fco.  Here  is  the 
manufactory  of  the  Goodyear  Glove  &  Rubber  Company. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  6218. 

Naugatuck  Junction,  in  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  i8 
one  of  the  stations  at  Winsted.  Here  the  Naugatuck  Rail- 
road intersects  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad.  It  is  35 
miles  W.  of  Hartford. 

Naugatuck  Junction,  in  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  is  on 
the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Stamford. 

Naugatuck  River,  Connecticut,  rises  in  Litchfield 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  New  Haven  co.,  and  enters  the 
Housatonic  River  at  Derby  and  Birmingham.  It  is  nearly 
65  miles  long.  The  chief  town  on  its  bank  is  Waterbury. 
The  trains  of  the  Naugatuck  Railroad  run  along  this  river 
from  Derby  to  Walcottville,  about  40  miles. 

Naughrightville,  naw'rit-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  High  Bridge  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  High  Bridge,  and  about  15  miles  W.  of  Morris- 
town.  It  has  a  chapel  and  a  flour-mill.  The  name  of  the 
station  is  Naughright. 

Nauheim,  nSw'hIme,  a  village  of  Hesse,  13  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Hanau,  with  important  saline  springs.    P.  2391. 

Naumburg,  nowm'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Saale,  and  on  the 
railroad  from  Halle  to  Gi)tba.  It  has  3  suburbs,  a  castle,  a 
cathedral  and  4  other  churches,  a  hospital,  a  gymnasium, 
and  manufactures  of  leather,  linen,  soap,  tobacco,  pottery, 
and  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  16,258. 

Naumburg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on 
the  Eder,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1432. 

Naumburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  miles  W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.     Pop.  2028. 

Naumburg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Lieg- 
nitz, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Bober.     Pop.  879. 

Nauni'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Castorland  Station,  and  about  64  miles  N.  of  Utica. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Naundorf,  ndwn'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  30  miles 
N.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1513. 

Naunhof,  n5wn'hof,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Leipsic,  on  the  Parthe.     Pop.  1312. 

Naupactus,  the  ancient  name  of  Lepanto. 

Nauphio,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Anaphe. 

Nauplia,  naw'ple-a,  or  Napoli  di  Romania,  n&'po- 
le  dee  ro-mi-nee'i  (anc.  Nau'plia  /  Fr.  Naupli,  nS^plee'), 
a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  capital  of 
the  government  of  Argolis,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of 
Nauplia,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Argos.  Lat.  37°  33'  36"  N. ; 
Ion.  22°  48'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  Venetian  fortifications, 
with  several  batteries,  and  has  2  fortresses,  one  of  which, 
on  a  precipitous  rock,  is  almost  impregnable.  The  town, 
recently  laid  out  in  modern  European  style,  has  a  good 
main  street,  some  squares,  and  the  church  where  Capo 
d'Istria  was  assassinated  in  1831.  It  has  a  good  roadstead, 
and  at  one  time  carried  on  an  extensive  traffic  in  silk,  oil, 
wax,  wines,  corn,  cotton,  and  sponge,  but  its  commerce  has 
much  declined.     Pop.  8543.     See  Gulp  op  Nauplia. 

Nau'set  Beach,  the  E.  side  of  Cape  Cod,  Mass.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Provincetown.  On  it  are  3  light-houses,  150 
feet  apart.  Lat.  41°  51'  35"  N. ;  Ion.  69°  57'  18"  W. 
About  4  miles  S.  is  the  entrance  to  Nauset  Harbor,  an  inlet 
of  the  Atlantic. 

Nau^shon',  the  largest  of  the  Elizabeth  Islands,  7i 
miles  long,  in  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  summer  resort. 

Naustathmus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vindicari. 

Nauta,  now'ti,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  the  Amazon,  a 
little  above  the  confluence  of  the  Ucayale,  about  lat.  4°  30' 
S.,  Ion.  72°  40'  W.     Pop.  1000. 

Nauthpoor,  nawt'h^poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district 
and  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Purneah.  Lat.  26°  17'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  3'  E. 

Nautrille,  or  Nautrill,  naw'tril  or  naw-trill',  a  ham- 
let of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  N.  of  Waterloo. 

Nauvoo,  naw-voo',  a  post-village  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Nauvoo,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  in  Nau- 
voo township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  14  miles  above 
Keokuk,  32  miles  below  Burlington,  and  1  mile  from 
Montrose  Station,  Iowa.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high 
ground.  It  was  founded  in  1840  by  the  Mormons,  who 
built  here  a  large  and  costly  limestone  temple,  which  is 


now  a  ruin.  After  the  Mormons  had  been  driven  away,  a 
company  of  French  Socialists  occupied  the  place  for  soma 
time.  It  has  5  churches,  a  Catholic  academy,  2  cigar-fac- 
tories, 2  wagon-shops,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  river  in 
here  1  mile  wide.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1578. 

Nauvoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  about  25  miieo 
N.  by  W.  of  Williamsport, 

Nava,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Nabe. 

Nava  Cata,  a  town  of  India.    See  Noakote. 

Navaconcejo,  or  Navaconcexo,  n&-v&-kon-th4'Ho, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  N.N.E.  of 
Caceres,  near  the  Jerte.     Pop.  1186. 

Nava  de  la  Asuncion,  n&'v&  d4  1&  &-8oon-the-on', 
or  Nava  de  Coca,  ni'vi  d4  ko'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  New 
Castile,  province  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Segovia.     P.  1681. 

Nava  del  Rey,  ni'vi  dSl  ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid.  It  has  a  fine  church. 
Pop.  5946. 

Navajoe,  n&-v&'Ho,  a  post-office  of  Conejos  oo..  Col.,  ii 
on  a  reservation  of  Navaja  Indians. 

Navcgo  Indians,  a  peaceable,  industrious  tribe  occu- 
pying a  reservation  embracing  the  N.W.  corner  of  New 
Mexico  and  the  N.E.  corner  of  Arizona,  and  numbering 
about  12,000,  of  whom  about  one-third  are  engaged  in  civ- 
ilized pursuits.  The  Navajo  Agency  is  at  Mineral  Springs, 
Valencia  co..  New  Mexico. 

Naval,  n&-v&l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ar&gon,  provino« 
and  E.  of  Huesca.  In  the  vicinity  are  extensive  salt- 
works.    Pop.  1641. 

Navaican,  ni-v&l-k&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
tile, province  and  W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1599. 

Navalcarnero,  n&-v&l-kaR-n4'ro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3758. 

Navalmoral  de  la  Mata,  n&-v&l-mo-r&r  d&  I&  m&'t&, 
a  town  of  Spain,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  3295. 

Navalmoral  de  Pusa,  u&-v&l-mo-r&l'  da  poo's&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  38  miles  S.W 
of  Toledo.     Pop.  3415. 

Navalncillos,  n&-v&-loo-theel'yooe,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2266. 

Navalvillar,  n&-v&l-veel-yaR',  or  Navalvillar  de 
Pela,  ni-v&l-veel-yaR'  d&  p4'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov 
ince  and  67  miles  E.N.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2707. 

Nav'an,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Boyne  and  Blaokwater,  26  miles  N.W.  of 
Dublin,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railway.  Pop. 
4104.  It  has  a  court-house,  corn-  and  paper-mills,  manu- 
factures of  Backing,  and  exports  of  agricultural  produce. 

Navan',  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Navarino,  n&-v&-ree'no,  Navarin,  n&-v&-reen',  or 
Neocastro,  ni-o-kis'tro  (modern  Greek,  UtoKoirrpov,  n4- 
o'kis-tron),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  6  miles  N.  of  Modon.  It 
consists  of  about  200  well-built  stone  houses  and  100  wooden 
habitations.  Near  it,  on  the  N.,  are  the  ruins  of  old  Na- 
varino, the  ancient  Pylos.  The  harbor,  sheltered  by  the 
island  of  Sphagia,  is  a  noble  basin,  famous  in  antiquity  for 
a  total  defeat  of  the  Spartan  by  the  Athenian  navy,  and  in 
modern  times  for  the  victory  of  the  English,  French,  and 
Russian  fleets  over  those  of  the  Turks  and  Egyptians,  Oc- 
tober 20,  1827.     Pop.  2000. 

Navarino,  nav-a-ree'no,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  83. 

Navarino,  n4-vi-ree'no,  or  Nev^ere'no,  a  post-office 
of  Shawano  co..  Wis.     Pop.  of  Navarino  township,  148. 

Navarino,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Shawano. 

Navarre,  na-var'  (Fr.  pron.  niVaR' ;  Sp.  Navarra, 
n&-vaR'R&),  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  the  Medi- 
terranean and  France.  Area,  4069  square  miles.  Pop. 
318,964.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Pyrenees,  which  here  f<>rm 
several  fine  valleys.  The  summits  of  the  mountains  are  in 
general  rugged  and  bare ;  lower  down  they  are  covered  with 
wood  and  afford  excellent  pasturage.  The  grain  and  wine 
produced  are  insufficient  for  consumption.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Ebro  and  Bidassoa.  The  greater  portion  of  the  popu- 
lation speak  the  Basque  language.  Navarre,  which  was 
never  completely  subjugated  to  the  Arabs,  formed  a  distinct 
kingdom  at  the  end  of  the  ninth  century,  and  was  united 
to  Aragon  from  1076  to  1134.  The  kings  of  France  held 
it  for  a  short  time  at  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century.  It 
was  taken  by  Ferdinand  the  Catholic  in  1512,  and  united 
to  Spain.  A  small  part  of  the  country,  called  Basse-Na- 
varre, remained  to  Catharine  of  Navarre,  and  was  united 
to  the  crown  of  France  in  1589.  From  that  time  till  the 
revolution  of  1830  the  kings  of  France  took  the  title  of 


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King  of  Navarre.  It  retains  peculiar  privileges,  and  in 
the  new  division  of  the  country  (1833)  it  retained  its  an- 

«iont  boundaries.     Capital,  Pamplona. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Navarkese,  niVar-reez'  (Sp.  Navarro,  ni-vaR'RO,  or 
Navarres,  n8,-vaR-R5s').  Basse-Navarre,  bd,ss-n4VaR', 
was  a  division  of  France,  in  the  old  province  of  B6arn. 

Navarre,  na-var',  a  post- village  in  Bethlehem  town- 
ship, Stark  CO.,  6.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  about  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Canton.  It  is  also  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas 
Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Massillon.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  foundry,  a  union 
school,  and  a  money-order  post-oflSce.     Pop.  about  900. 

Navarrenx,  n3,VaR^r5N<»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyrenees,  20  miles  W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  134S. 

Navarres,  ni-vaR-Rfis',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
S.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1917. 

Navarrete,  ni-vaR-Ri't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  5  miles  W.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  2205. 

Navar'ro,  a  small  river  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Navarro,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1020  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Trinity  River,  and  is  iilso  drained  by  Cham- 
bers and  Richland  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  South- 
western Railroad,  which  meet  at  Corsicana,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8879;  in  1880,  21,702  ;  in  1890,  26,373. 

Navarro  Mills,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex. 

Navarro  (or  Novar'ro)  Ridge,  a  post-village  of 
Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of 
Navarro  River,  about  125  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 
Pop.  315. 

Navas  del  Madrofio,  ni'vis  dfil  ml-dron'yo,  a  town 
of  Spain,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  3117. 

Navas  del  Marquez,  ni'vis  dfil  maR-kSth',  a  town 
of  Spain,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avila.     Pod.  2727. 

Navas  de  San  Autonio,  ni'vis  da  sin  3,n-to'ne-o,  a 
village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20  miles  from  Segovia. 

Navas  de  San  Juan,  ni'vis  di  sS,n-Hoo-in'  (almost 
HwS,n),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  35  miles  from  Jaen. 

Navas  de  Toloso,  ni'v&s  di  to-lo'so,  a  small  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  39  miles  N.  of  Jaen. 
Here,  in  1212,  a  victory  was  obtained  by  the  King  of  Cas- 
tile, Aragon,  and  Navarre  over  the  Moors,  who  were  com- 
manded by  Mohammed  Ibn  Abdallah,  King  of  Morocco. 
The  Spaniards  were  assisted  by  100,000  foreign  crusaders, 
chiefly  English  and  French.  It  is  said  that  200,000  of  the 
infidels  were  slain,  and  only  725  Christians. 

Navasink,  or  Navesink,  nav'a-sink,  a  post-village 
in  Middletown  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  near  a  river 
of  similar  name,  3  miles  from  Hopping  Station.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  500.     See  Highlands. 

Navaso'ta,  a  post-village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Navasota  River,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Brazos,  and  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Hous- 
ton, and  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bryan.  It  has  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  4  churches,  the  Atchison  Institute,  a 
wagon-factory,  and  an  oil-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2997. 

Navasota  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Limestone  co.,  runs 
nearly  southward,  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Robertson  and  Brazos  on  the  right,  and  Leon,  Madison, 
and  Grimes  on  the  other  side,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River 
near  Washington.     It  is  nearly  170  miles  long. 

Navas'sa,  or  Navaza,  ni-vi'si,  a  small  island  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  ofi"  the  W.  coast  of  Hayti,  at  the  S.W.  en- 
trance of  the  Windward  Passage.  Lat.  18°  25'  N. ;  Ion. 
75°  2' W.     It  affords  guano.  K-<^i 

Nave,  ni'vi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2699. 

Nave  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Tenn.,  29  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Knoxville. 

Navelli,  ni-v5l'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2593. 

Naver,  Ijoch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Naver. 

Naves,  niv,  a  village  of  France,  in  CorrSze,  3  miles  N. 
of  Tulle.     Pop.  2297. 

Navia,  ni've-i,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  Galicia,  prov- 
ince of  Lugo,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 
Length,  65  miles.     It  has  an  excellent  salmon-fishery. 

Navia,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  river  Navia,  about  a 
nile  from  its  mouth.    It  has  Roman  antiquities.    Pop.  764. 

Navia  de  Suarna,  n&'ve-&  d&  swaR'n&  or  soo-aR'n&, 
a  small  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Oviedo,  on  the  Navia. 


Navidad,  n&-ve-d&d',  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  Id 
Fayette  co.,  runs  southward  through  Lavaca  co.,  and  enters 
the  Lavaca  River  about  10  miles  below  Texana. 

Navidad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Navidad  River,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  ohorch 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Navigator's  Islands.    See  Samoan  Islands. 

Na'vy  Yard,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomao 
Railroad,  2^  miles  E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Nawabgunge,  n3,-w&b-giinj',  or  Nawaurgnnge^ 
ni-war-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Lucknow.     Pop.  6131. 

Nawabgunge,  a  town  of  the  Bareilly  district,  India. 
Pop.  4418.     See  also  Bara  Banki. 

Nawabgunge,  or  Nawabganj,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hoogly,  13  miles  N.  of  Calcutta. 
Pop.  16,525. 

Nawada,  n3,-w&'d&,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Midnapoor. 
Lat.  22°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  30'  E.     It  has  paper-worka. 

Nawada,  a  large  town  of  Bengal,  in  Qa.j&  district. 
Lat.  24°  53'  N.;  Ion.  85°  35'  E. 

Naxera,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Najera. 

Naxerilla,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Najerilla. 

Nax'os,  or  Naxia,  n&x-ee'%  (anc.  Naxoa),  an  islana 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  the  largest  and  most  fertile  of 
the  Cyclades.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  25°  31'  E.  Length,  19 
miles;  breadth,  15  miles.  Pop.  11,518.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous. Chief  products,  wine,  fruits,  olive  oil,  and  cheese. 
The  island  was  formerly  consecrated  to  Bacchus.  In  the 
thirteenth  century  it  formed,  with  the  neighboring  islands, 
the  Venetian  duchy  of  Naxos.  It  was  taken  by  the  Turks 
in  the  fifteenth  century.  It  now  forms  a  government  of 
the  kingdom  of  Greece.  Chief  town,  Naxia  (anc.  Naxoa), 
with  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast ;  it  is  the  see  of  a  Greek 
bishop  and  of  a  Latin  archbishop.  Pop.  4000.  The  eparchy 
of  Naxos  includes  also  Paros,  Antiparos,  and  other  islands. 
Total  pop.  20,582. 

Naxos,  or  Naxia,  a  ruined  city  of  Sicily,  on  the  E. 
coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Onobala. 

Naxuana,  an  ancient  name  of  Nakhchivam. 

Nay,  ni,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-PyrSnSes,  on  the 
Gave  de  Pau,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pau.  Pop.  3093.  It  has 
manufactures  of  broadcloth,  serge,  druggets,  blankets,  &c. 

Nayabari,  n4'y&-b3,'ree,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Dacca. 
Lat.  23°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  3'  E.     Pop.  3150. 

Naya  Dumka,  nd,'yi  doom'k&,  a  small  town  of  Ben- 
gal, capital  of  the  Santal  Pergunnahs.  Lat.  24°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  87°  17'  21"  E. 

Nayagurh,  or  Nayagarh,  ni^a-gurh',  a  native  state 
of  Orissa,  India.  Lat.  19°  54.5'-20°  20.5'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  50' 
45"-S5°  18'  E.  Area,  588  square  miles.  It  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated,  with  some  wild  districts.  Capital,  Naya- 
gurh. a  town  of  2500  inhabitants,  in  lat.  20°  7'  45"  N.,  Ion. 
85°  71'  56"  W.     Total  pop.  83,249. 

Naya  Nagar,  India.    See  Nye  Nusgur. 

Nay'att  Point,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Narragansett  Bay,  Bristol  co.,  R.I.,  and  on 
the  Providence,  Warren  &  Bristol  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  hotel  and  some  fine  residences. 

Nayaug,  na-yawg',  or  Winton  Junction,  a  station 
in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  4k 
Western  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Scran  ton,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Winton  Branch  of  the  former  road.     See  also  Winton. 

Naye,  ni'i,  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Falem6.    Lat.  14°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  15'  W. 

Nay'land,  a  town  of  England,  in  Suffolk,  on  the  nav- 
igable Stour,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  980. 

Naylor,  na'lpr,  a  post- village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  near 
the  Allapaha  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  Jk  Gulf  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Valdosta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Naylor's,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Richmond  00.,  Va. 

Nayntivoe,  an  island  near  Ceylon.     See  Haarleu. 

Nayoe,  or  Nayoo,  ni^oo',  a  group  of  four  or  five 
islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  N.  ooast  of  Celebes,  off  the  Bay 
of  Menado. 

Naz'areth  (Arab.  En-Nasirah,  in-nl-see'ra),  a  small 
town  of  Palestine,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Acre.  Pop.  about  6000, 
mostly  Christians.  It  stands  on  a  declivity,  and  is  gen- 
erally well  built,  with  flat-roofed  stone  houses.  Its  princi- 
pal edifice  is  the  Latin  convent,  with  a  richly-decorated 
church,  reputed  to  be  on  the  site  rendered  memorable  as  the 
scene  of  the  Annunciation  and  the  home  of  Christ.  The 
population  is  employed  in  agriculture  and  weaving. 

Nazareth,  ni^zi^rSt',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  5492. 


NAZ 


1940 


NEB 


Nazareth,  na.-s4V4t',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Jaguaripe,  40  miles  from  its  mouth 
in  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  2000. 

Naz'areth,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Easton,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  was  founded  in  1741  by  a  colony  of  Moravians, 
under  George  Whitefield.  Here  is  a  Moravian  academy  or 
boarding-school  for  boys,  which  was  founded  in  1785. 
Nazareth  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements,  sash,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1318. 

Nazareth  Islands,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Cargados. 

Naze  (ni'z^h),  The,  a  cape,  forming  the  S.  extremity 
of  Norway,  on  the  North  Sea,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Ska- 
ger-Rack.     Lat.  57°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  2'  E. 

Naze  (naz),  The,  a  headland  of  England,  forming  the 
E.  extremity  of  the  co.  of  Suflfolk,  6  miles  S.  of  Harwich. 

Naze,  The,  a  headland  of  Senegambia,  36  miles  S.E. 
of  Cape  Verd. 

N'Diangni,  n'de-ing'ghee\  written  also  Gniangne, 
a  village  of  West  Africa,  Wallo  oountry,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  25'  N.;  Ion.  15°  50'  W. 

Ne,  ni  (L.  Nea),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
8  miles  from  Chiavari,  on  the  Graveglia.     Pop.  3679. 

Neabs'co  Mills,  post-oflSce,  Prince  William  co.,  Va. 

Neae,  the  ancient  name  of  Hagiostbati. 

Nesethus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Neto. 

Neafu,  ni-4-foo',  a  village  on  the  island  of  Vavao,  one 
of  the  Friendly  Islands.     Lat.  19°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  30'  W. 

Nemgh,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Neagh. 

Ne'ah  Bay,  a  post-oflSce  and  Indian  village  of  Clallam 
CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca,  about  5 
miles  from  the  ocean.  Lat.  48°  21'  49"  N. ;  Ion.  124°  37' 
12"  W.    Here  is  an  Indian  reservation  of  the  Makah  tribe. 

Nealey's  (ne'liz)  Corner,  a  post-oflSce  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Hampden. 

Neal's  (neelz)  lianding,  post-office,  Jackson  oo.,  Fla. 

Neapel,  the  German  name  of  Naples. 

N^ant,  ni'5iJ»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1696. 

Neapolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Nabal. 
•  Neapolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Nabloos. 

Neapolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Naples. 

Neapolis,  island  of  Sardinia.     See  Oristako. 

Neapolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Scala  Nova. 

Neapolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Keneh. 

Neap'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  church. 

Near'man,  a  station  in  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Wyandotte. 

Neath,  neeth,  a  river  of  Wales,  rises  S.W.  of  the  Breck- 
nock Beacon,  and,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  20  miles,  enters 
the  Bristol  Channel  2J  miles  S.  of  Neath,  to  which  it  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  300  or  400  tons.  Throughout  most 
of  its  length  it  is  accompanied  by  the  Neath  Canal. 

Neath  (anc.  Nidumf),  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan, 7  miles  N.E.  of  Swansea,  on  the  navigable  river  Neath, 
at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  workhouse, 
and  extensive  copper-  and  iron-foundries  and  collieries,  the 
produce  of  which,  as  well  as  the  mining  produce  brought 
from  the  interior  by  canal,  is  largely  exported.  The  borough 
unites  with  Swansea,  &c.,  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  11,157. 

Neath,  a  post-office  in  Pike  township,  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Neatsville,  neets'vil,  a  post-village  of  Adair  oo.,  Ky., 
near  Green  River,  about  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lexington. 

N^au,  the  French  name  of  Eupen. 

Neave,  neev,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1093. 
It  contains  Fort  Jefferson  and  Weaver's  Station. 

Neb'lett's  Landing,  post-office,  Bolivar  co..  Miss. 

Ne'bo,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 

Nebo,  a  post-office  of  Paulding  oo.,  Ga. 

Nebo,  a  post- village  in  Spring  Creek  township,  Pikeco., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Louisi- 
ana, Mo.,  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Nebo,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Madisonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  4 
tobacco-stemmeries. 

Nebo,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  oo..  Mo. 

Nebo,  a  hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  10  miles  N.  of  Co- 
lumbus.    It  has  a  church. 

Nebo,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  oo.,  N.C. 

Nebo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  9  miles  S.  of 
Balineville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Nebo,  a  station  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lawrence 
Branch  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown. 


Nebra,  ni'br&,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  19  mile» 
W.S.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  2627. 

Nebras'ka,  a  N.W.  central  state  of  the  American 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  South  Dakota,  E.  by  Iowa,  S.  by 
Kansas  and  Colorado,  and  W,  by  Colorado  and  Wyoming. 
The  extreme  length  E.  and  W.  is  424  miles,  and  the  greatest 
width  210  miles.  Area,  77.510  square  miles.  Its  N.  lino 
is  formed  by  the  43d  parallel  of  N.  lat.  and  the  Missouri 
River,  which  stream  also  washes  its  whole  eastern  border. 
The  southern  line  strikes  westward  along  the  parallel  of 
40°  N.  to  the  meridian  of  102°  W,  from  Greenwich,  thence 
N.  to  41°  N.  lat.,  then  again  westward  to  104°  W.  Ion,, 
and  again  northward  to  lat.  43°  N. 

Face  of  the  Cvuntry. — The  greater  part  of  Nebraska  is  a 
gently  undulating,  monotonous  plain,  with  a  slight  east- 
ward inclination,  and  as  a  whole  the  state  is  but  scantily 
supplied  with  timber.  In  the  extreme  N.W.  there  are 
some  hills,  and  near  the  Missouri  bluffs  occur.  The  deeply 
interesting  but  hopelessly  barren  Mauvaiaett  Terres,  or  Bad 
Lands,  occupy  but  a  relatively  small  area  in  Nebraska, 
being  situated  in  the  N.W.,  in  a  basin  whose  surface  is  cov- 
ered with  marvellously  formed  masses  of  clay,  standing 
erect,  and  occasionally  reaching  upward  more  than  200  feet, 
with  intricate  labyrinthine  passages  between.  This  strange 
and  desolate  tract  abounds  in  interesting  fossil  remains. 
Eastward  of  this  region,  and  S.  of  the  Niobrara,  there  is  a 
tract  covered  with  sand-hills,  but  capable  of  affording  pas- 
turage in  the  proper  season.  In  the  Upper  Niobrara  val- 
ley there  is  some  forest-land,  with  yellow  pine  timber, 
while  tlsewhere,  especially  eastward,  the  watercourses  are 
fringed  with  oottonwood,  hackberry,  box-elder,  elm,  walnut, 
chicot,  ashy^oak,  and  other  trees.  Berry-bearing  shrubs, 
wild  grape-vines,  and  the  wild  plum  are  abundant. 

Geology. — Southeastern  Nebraska  is  underlaid  by  the  ooal- 
measures ;  but  its  coals  are  mostly  "  pinched  out,"  and  lie  in 
very  thin  layers,  which  cannot  be  worked  to  advantage. 
They  have,  nevertheless,  afforded  a  scanty  supply  of  fuel  of  a 
tolerable  quality.  The  greater  part  of  Eastern  Nebraska 
is  covered  by  cretaceous  strata,  and  of  the  western  section  by 
tertiary  (largely  pliocene)  deposits ;  and  along  the  Missouri 
there  are  bluffs  of  the  loess,  referred  to  quaternary  times. 
There  are  many  richly  fossiliferous  strata  in  the  state.  It 
is  believed  that  in  the  Dakota  group  of  the  cretaceous 
there  are  workable  beds  of  brown  lignite,  which  is  some- 
times a  useful  fuel.  Good  limestone,  sandstone,  and  gyp- 
sum exist  in  abundance  and  afford  building-materials. 
Fictile  and  other  clays  are  common.  There  are  numerous 
salines  in  the  state,  some  of  which  already  afford  a  good 
supply  of  salt,  mainly  obtained  by  evaporating  the  brines. 

Mivers, — Besides  the  streams  already  named,  the  princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  broad  and  shallow  Platte,  with  its  North, 
South,  and  Loup  Forks,  the  Pawnee  Loup,  the  Elk  Horn, 
Lodge  Pole  Creek,  the  Republican,  the  Saline,  and  the  Big 
and  Little  Blue  Rivers.  None  of  the  streams  are  navigated 
except  the  Missouri. 

Agricultural  Resources,  Climate,  dec.  —  Nebraska  has 
lately  taken  a  prominent  place  as  an  agricultural  state. 
The  eastern  counties  have  everywhere  a  deep  and  fertile 
soil,  naturally  covered  with  a  tough  sod,  which  is  some- 
times utilized  as  a  fencing-material.  Farther  westward 
the  bottom  and  lower  bench-lands  along  the  streams  are 
generally  chosen  for  cultivation,  the  upland  plains  afford- 
ing the  best  of  pasturage.  The  blue-joint  of  the  uplands 
and  the  tule  grass  of  the  bottoms  are  excellent  wild  pas- 
ture- and  hay-grasses.  Those  lands  which  are  broken  by 
"  draws,"  or  ravines,  are  especially  prized  by  the  gra  zier, 
because  they  are  cheap  and  almost  always  afford  water, 
while  in  winter  the  draws  shelter  the  stock  from  the 
severe  winds.  The  principal  drawbacks  to  agriculture  have 
been  the  occasional  severe  visitations  of  the  "  hateful  grass 
hopper"  ( Galopteniis  spretus),  which  is  a  true  locust.  The 
western  part  of  the  state  has  been  regarded  as  specially 
liable  to  drought,  but  it  is  asserted  that  as  agriculture  ad- 
vances westward  the  rainfall  increases.  The  principal 
railroads  afford  lumber  and  excellent  Iowa  and  Rocky 
Mountain  coal  at  very  low  prices  for  the  purpose  of  stimu- 
lating immigration  and  the  sale  of  their  grant-lands. 
Indian  corn,  spring  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  but- 
ter, sorghum,  tobacco,  wool,  and  live-stock  are  leading 
products.  Apples,  peaches,  grapes,  and  the  small  fruits 
and  root  crops  do  remarkably  well.  Some  flaxseed  and 
castor-beans  are  produced  for  oil.  Hay  is  sent  westward 
by  rail  from  the  Platte  Valley.  Much  attention  has  been 
given  to  tree-planting,  which  is  encouraged  by  state  legis- 
lation, and  the  results  are  thus  far  very  encouraging.  Ne- 
braska is  liable  to  severe,  though  unfrequent,  winter  storms, 
for  which  the  settler  must  duly  prepare.     Cattle  and  horses 


AEB 


1941 


NEC 


do  not  require  much  protection  or  much  hand-feeding  in 
winter,  and  often  receive  none  at  all.  More  than  150  spe- 
cies of  wild  grass  hare  been  described. 

Manufactures  have  wonderfully  increa8ed,'but  are  carried 
on  chiefly,  as  yet,  for  the  supply  of  local  needs.  Among 
the  articles  produced  may  be  specified  farm-implements, 
wagons,  boots,  shoes,  lumber,  cooperage,  furniture,  bricks, 
tiles,  salt,  lime,  flour,  meal,  syrup,  harness,  soap,  candles, 
tobacco,  cigars,  metallic  wares,  <&c. 

f  Railroads. — In  1865  the  first  railroad  trains  were  run  in 
the  state,  and  there  were  reported  122  miles  of  track;  in 
1870,  705  miles ;  in  1880,  1953  miles :  and  in  1890,  5407 
miles.  Three  important  lines  cross  the  state  from  £.  to 
W.,  with  numerous  branches  N.  and  S.  Omaha  is  the 
principal  railroad  centre ;  and  at  this  point  an  iron  railway 
bridge  crosses  the  Missouri  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  con- 
necting the  railroad  system  of  the  great  plains  with  that 
of  Iowa  and  the  East. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  state  had  a  bonded  debt  of  $449,- 
267.35  (nearly  all  being  due  to  the  school  fund),  and  a  total 
valuation  of  property  of  $184,770,304.54,  about  one-half  of 
which  was  the  assessed  value  of  lands. 

The  Counties  are  91  in  number,  viz.,  Adams,  Antelope, 
Arthur,  Banner,  Blaine,  Boone,  Boyd,  Boxbutte,  Brown, 
Buffalo,  Burt,  Butler,  Cass,  Cedar,  Chase,  Cherry,  Cheyenne, 
Clay,  Colfax,  Cuming,  Custer,  Dakota,  Dawes,  Dawson, 
Deuel,  Dixon,  Dodge,  Douglas,  Dundy,  Fillmore,  Franklin, 
Frontier,  Furnas,  Gage,  Garfield,  Gosper,  Grant,  Greeley, 
Hall,  Hamilton,  Harlan,  Hayes,  Hitchcock,  Holt,  Hooker, 
Howard,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Kearney,  Keith,  Keya  Paha, 
Kimball,  Knox,  Lancaster,  Lincoln,  Logan,  Loup,  McPher- 
son,  Madison,  Merrick,  Nance,  Nemaha,  Nuckolls,  Otoe, 
Pawnee,  Perkins,  Phelps,  Pierce,  Platte,  Polk,  Ked  Willow, 
Richardson,  Rock,  Saline,  Sarpy,  Saunders,  Scotts  Bluff, 
Seward,  Sheridan,  Sherman,  Sioux,  Stanton,  Thayer, 
Thomas,  Thurston,  Valley,  Washington,  Wayne,  Webster, 
Wheeler,  York. 

The  principal  towns  are  Omaha,  on  the  Missouri,  the 
railroad  centre  and  metropolis  of  the  state  (pop.  in  1890, 
140,452);  Lincoln,  the  capital  (55,164) ;  Beatrice  (13,836), 
Hastings  (13,584),  Nebraska  City  (11,494),  Plattsmouth 
<8392),  Kearney  (8074),  South  Omaha  (8062),  Grand 
Island  (7536),  Fremont  (6747),  and  many  growing  places 
such  as  York,  Columbus,  North  Platte,  Norfolk,  Fairbury, 
Holdredge,  <fco. 

Education  has  attracted  much  attention  ever  since  the 
settlement  of  the  state,  and  the  legislation  upon  the  subject 
has  been  intelligent,  effectual,  and  well  seconded  by  the 
people.  There  is  a  large  permanent  school  fund ;  moneys 
are  raised  by  general  and  local  taxation,  and  a  generous 
share  of  the  public  lands  of  the  state  has  been  set  apart  for 
school  purposes.  State,  county,  and  local  superintendents 
have  oversight  of  educational  affairs.  Graded  and  high 
schools  are  maintained  in  the  principal  towns.  There  is  a 
state  normal  school  at  Peru.  Lincoln  is  the  seat  of  the 
liberally  endowed  and  well-organized  state  university,  to 
which  the  state  agricultural  college  is  affiliated.  At  Ne- 
braska City  is  Nebraska  College  and  divinity  school  (Prot- 
estant Episcopal) ;  and  Doane  College,  at  Crete,  is  a  Con- 
gregationalist  institution,  open  to  pupils  of  either  sex.  At 
Omaha  stands  a  free  state  school  for  deaf-mutes.  The 
future  of  the  public  schools  of  Nebraska  is  full  of  promise. 

Constitution,  &c. — The  constitution  was  adopted  in  1866. 
The  legislature  meets  biennially,  and  the  length  of  the 
session  is  limited  to  40  days.  Judicial  oflScers  are  elected, 
and  serve  for  limited  terms.  The  state  has  now  8  electoral 
votes  and  6  members  of  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  There 
is  a  state  penitentiary  at  Lincoln,  an  asylum  for  the  blind 
at  Nebraska  City,  and  an  asylum  for  the  insane  at  Lincoln. 
The  school  for  deaf-mutes  at  Omaha,  and  the  other  state 
institutions,  have  been  already  mentioned. 

History. — Nebraska  formed  successively  a  part  of  the 
Louisiana  and  Missouri  territories  until  1854,  when  the 
Missouri  Compromise  was  repealed  and  the  famous  Ne- 
braska bill  was  passed  by  Congress  after  a  long  and  exciting 
political  struggle.  The  general  interest  in  the  political  fate 
of  Kansas  for  some  years  drew  the  stream  of  immigrants  to 
that  quarter  rather  than  to  Nebraska,  which  was  not  ad- 
mitted as  a  state  until  1867.  Since  that  time,  and  especially 
since  the  construction  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the 
increase  of  the  state  in  wealth  and  population  has  been  very 
remarkable.  Occasional  severe  visitations  of  locusts  have 
given  check  to  the  immigration,  but  such  interruptions  have 
been  merely  temporary,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  evil 
in  question  will  disappear  as  civilization  and  agriculture 
advance  and  occupy  the  great  plains  eastward  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains. 


The  Population  in  1860  was  28,841,  at  which  time  the 
territory  had  an  area  much  greater  than  the  present  state; 
in  1870,  122,993,  including  but  very  few  of  the  7528  In- 
dians; in  1880,  452,402;  in  1890,  1,058,910,  including  695 
persons  in  Boyd  county,  organized  in  1891,  and  formerly  a 
part  of  South  Dakota.  The  number  of  Indians  on  the  two 
reservations  in  1890  was  3751. 

Nebraska,  a  river  of  North  America.     See  Platts. 

Nebraska,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind  ,  in 
Campbell  township,  62  miles  by  rail  W.  ol  Cincinnati.  It 
has  2  or  3  stores,  2  churches,  and  a  flour -mill.     Pop.  300. 

Nebraska,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Pick- 
away CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 

Nebraska,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  oo..  Pa.,  on  Tioneata 
Creek,  6  miles  £.  of  Tionesta,  with  lumber-mills. 

Nebraska,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  oo.,  Va.,  at 
Appomattox  Station,  23  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Nebraska  City,  the  capital  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  in  the  midst  of 
an  unusually  fertile  agricultural  district.  It  is  the  west- 
ern terminus  of  the  Red  Oak  &  Nebraska  City  Branch  of 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  k  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  east- 
ern terminus  of  the  Nebraska  City  A  Newcastle  and  the 
Nebraska  City  <fe  Holdrege  Branches  of  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  It  also  connects  directly  with 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  at 
Nebraska  City  Junction,  6  miles  east.  It  is  on  the  main 
line  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  between  Omaha  and 
St.  Louis,  and  is  the  eastern  terminas  of  the  Lincoln  A 
Nebraska  City  Branch  of  the  same  road.  By  railroad  it  is 
57  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lincoln,  44  miles  S.  of  Omaha,  and 
160  miles  N.N.W,  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Lat.  40°  40'  8"  N. ; 
Ion.  95°  41'  44"  W.  Large  steamboats  navigate  the  river 
above  and  below  this  place.  The  city  contains  the  Nebraska 
State  Institution  for  the  Blind,  the  Academy  of  the  Anun- 
oiation,  26  churches,  2  public  parks,  and  a  complete  system 
of  public  schools.  It  also  has  3  national  banks,  1  state 
bank,  a  distillery,  a  starch-works,  cereal-mills,  2  packing- 
houses, stock-yards,  a  vitrified  brick  plant,  manufactures 
of  cob  pipes,  ploughs,  beer,  carriages,  novelties,  Ac,  and 
printing  offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. The  city  is  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity,  has  a 
good  sewer  system  and  water-works,  paved  streets,  a  gov- 
ernment building,  and  street-oar  service.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4183;  1890,  11,494. 

Nebrissa,  the  ancient  name  of  Lebrija. 

Nece'da,  or  Nece'dah,  a  small  river  of  Juneau  oo  . 
Wis.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Yellow  River  about  3 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Necedah,  a  post-village  in  Necedah  township,  Jnneaa 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Yellow  River,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of 
Portage  City,  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Lisbon.  It 
is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business.  It  has  a  church, 
3  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  pail-fuctory.  Here  are  valu- 
able cranberry-marshes.    P.  (1890)  1709  ;  of  township,  2242. 

Necessidades,  ni-s4s-se-di'dfis,  or  Santo  Anto- 
nio, s&n'to  &n-to'ne-o,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sautu 
Catharina,  6  miles  N.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  300. 

Neces'sity,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ala. 

Nechanitz,  n^K'i-nits',  or  Neu-Nechanitz,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2017. 

Nechanitz,  nSk-an'its,  or  Nochanitz,  nfik-an'iu,  a 
post-ofiice  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Nechara,  ni-chi'ri,  a  large  village  of  Belooohistan, 
province  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kelat. 

Neche,  ni'che,  a  post-office  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D. 

Neches  (netch'iz)  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Van  Zandt 
CO.,  and  runs  alternately  southward  and  southeastward.  It 
forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  the  cos.  of  Cherokee  and  An- 
gelina, below  which  it  runs  southward  and  separates  Jasper 
CO.  from  the  cos.  of  Tyler  and  Hardin.  It  enters  Sabine 
Lake  about  3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Sabine,  and  15 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     Length,  about  350  miles. 

NechesviHe,  netch'iz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Anderson 
CO.,  Tex.,  at  Neches  Station  on  the  International  A  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine.  Here  ar« 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Nechow,  ni^chBw',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  on  the  main  road  between  Hoei-Choo  and  Ning- 
Po.     Pop.  from  20,000  to  30,000. 

Neckalofa,  nSk-ki-lo'fi,  or  Niukalofa,  ne-oo-ki- 
lo'fi,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Tonga,  one  of  the  Friendly 
Islands.  The  most  conspicuous  objects  are  the  churches, 
under  the  direction  of  Wesleyan  missionaries.     Pop.  2000. 

Neckar,  nfik'kq,r,  or  Necker,  nfik'k^r  (anc.  M'cer),  a 
river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  the  Schwari- 
wald  (WUrtemberg),  on  the  frontiers  of  Baden,  flows  jt»- 


NEO 


1942 


NEE 


erally  N.  and  W.  to  Mannheim,  where  it  joins  the  Rhine 
on  the  right.     Length,  210  miles.    Chief  affluent,  the  Jaxt. 

NeckaraU)  nSk'ki-r5w\  a  village  of  Baden,  on  an 
Island  in  the  Rhine,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Neckar,  2i 
miles  S.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3879. 

Neckar- Gemiind,  nfik'kar-gh^h-mttnt',  a  town  of 
Baden,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Elsenz  with  the  Neckar,  17 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2103. 

Neckar- Steinach)  nfik'kar-sti'nlK,  a  town  of  Hesse, 
In  Starkenburg,  6  miles  E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1379. 

Neckarsulm,  n5k'kar-85olm\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Neckar,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Sulm  with  the 
Neckar,  30  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  2640.  It  has  a 
castle,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  tobacco. 

Neckartenzlingen,  ndk'kar-tSnt-sling^^n,  a  village 
of  Wiirtemberg,  Schwarzwald,  near  Nurtingen.     Pop.  1064. 

Neckarthailfingen,  nSk'kaRt-hlPfing-^n,  a  village 
of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Niirtingen,  on  the  Neckar. 

Necker,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Neckar. 

Necker,  n5k'k§ir,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  23°  34' 
N".,  Ion.  164°  37'  W.,  a  mere  rock,  about  500  yards  long 
and  360  feet  high.     It  was  once  covered  with  guano. 

Nec'tar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Bangor  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ne'cum  Tench,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Sherbrooke. 

Nedde,  nSdd,  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Haute- Vienne,  28 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1770. 

Nedenaes,  or  Nedenes,  ni'd^h-nis^  an  amt  or  bail- 
iwick of  Norway,  having  S.E.  the  Skager-Raok.  Area, 
4650  square  miles.  Pop.  73,416.  Chief  towns,  Arendal, 
Grimstad,  and  Lillesand. 

Nederbrakel,  ni'd^r-bri^k?!,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3820. 

Nederhasselt,  ni'd^r-his^s^lt,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Molenbeok,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1200. 

Ne'derland,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  oo..  Col.,  near 
the  Snowy  Range,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Boulder  City.  It  has 
a  church.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Nederlaoden.    See  Netherlands. 

Nederweert,  ni'd^r-^aiRt^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Roermond.  Pop. 
of  commune,  4545. 

Neder  Yssel,  ni'd^r  I's^l,  a  branch  of  the  Leek,  which 

K asses  Ysselstein,  Oudewater,  and  Gouda,  and  joins  the 
[aas  (or  Mouse)  opposite  Ysselmonde.     Length,  30  miles. 

Nedjed,  nSd'jfid,  or  Nejd,  nflj'd  {i.e.,  "  elevated  coun- 
try"), the  general  name  applied  to  the  central  portion  of 
the  Arabian  peninsula.  Some  Arab  writers  use  the  name 
in  an  abstract  sense,  and  speak  of  the  Nedjed-el-Hejda  or 
the  Nedjed-el- Yemen,  that  is  to  say,  the  inland  and  ele- 
vated region  of  Hej&z  or  Yemen  j  but  ordinarily  the  word 
Nedjed  is  employed  without  an  expletive,  to  signify  the 
country  in  the  interior,  enclosed  by  Hej&z,  Yemen,  Hadra- 
maut,  Om&n,  Lahsa,  and  the  Syrian  Desert.  A  great  part 
of  its  surface  is  sandy  desert,  interspersed  with  fertile  spots. 
The  hills  are  generally  wooded,  but  its  characteristics  are 
very  little  known.  It  furnishes  dromedaries  and  horses  of 
an  excellent  breed.  The  Wahabees  subjugated  all  the 
tribes  of  the  Nedjed,  and  at  present  the  name  Nedjed  is  fre- 
quently used  to  designate  the  central  Wahabee  kingdom, 
with  its  9  principal  provinces. 

Nedrigailov,  or  Nedrigailow,  ni-dre-ghi-lov',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  100  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Kharkov,  on  the  Soola.     Pop.  5061. 

Ned's  Point,  the  E.  side  of  Mattapoisett  Harbor,  Buz- 
zard's Bay,  Mass.  It  contains  a  fixed  light,  40  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 

Neede,  ni'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  18  miles  E.  of  Zutphen.     Pop.  3066. 

Need'ham,  a  post-village  in  Needham  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  knit- 
goods,  blind-hinges,  swing-  and  hammock-chairs,  vinegar, 
and  cigars.  Here  are  fine  gardens  and  beautiful  scenery. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  the  N.E.  by  Charles 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Rail- 
road. It  contains  villages  named  Grantville,  Highlandville, 
Charles  River  Village,  and  Wellesley.     Pop.  in  1890,  3035. 

Need'ham  Mar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suf- 
folk, on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ipswich.    Pop.  1393. 

Needham's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Martinsville  with 
Fairland,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Franklin. 

Needles   (nee'dl'z).  The,    a  cluster  of  three   pointed 


rooks  in  the  English  Channel,  W.  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
The  Needles  Light,  on  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  is  in  lat.  50°  39'  54"  N.,  Ion.  1°  34'  W. ;  elevation, 
469  feet. 

Need'mere,  a  hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Chester 
and  Roxana  townships,  9  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It  haa  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.  Pop.  about  100.  Here  i» 
Roxana  Post-Office. 

Need'more,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  about 
38  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  3  churches 

Needmore,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa. 

Needmore,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Nedoontivoe,  an  island  near  Ceylon.     See   Delft. 

Need'wood,  an  ancient  royal  forest  of  England,  co. 
of  Staff'ord.    It  presents  some  fine  remains  of  forest  scenery. 

Needy,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Nee-e-Gata,  or  Niigata,  nee^ee-gi'ti,  a  city  and 
open  port  of  Japan,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hondo,  225  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Tokio.  It  is  well  laid  out,  and  part  of  its  streets 
are  traversed  by  canals.  It  has  petroleum -wells,  and  a  good 
inland  and  coasting  trade  in  petroleum,  but  its  harbor  is 
defective,  and  its  exports  by  sea  (chiefly  silk,  silk-worms' 
eggs,  and  tea)  are  not  large.  It  has  a  prison,  barracks^ 
hospital,  and  manufactures  of  arms,  ammunition,  woollens, 
cottons,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  46,353. 

Neekoospara,  the  Indian  name  of  the  Wisconsi.v. 

Nee'Iey  Town,  a  hamlet  on  the  Montgomery  <fc  Erie 
Railroad,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery. 

Neelgherry,  mountains  of  India.     See  Neilgheury. 

Neelung,  or  Nilung,  nee^iing'  or  nee'loong',  written 
also  Nilnn,  a  village  of  Thibet,  in  lat.  31°  6'  N.,  Ion.  78° 
69'  E.,  11,127  feet  above  the  sea. 

Neely's  (nee'liz)  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Cape 
Girardeau  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  9  miles 
below  Grand  Tower. 

Nee'Iyville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  near 
Neely's  Station  on  the  Quinoy  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Neelysville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Poplar  Bluff'. 

Neelysville,  Morgan  co.,  0.     See  New  Castle. 

Neemaheira,  nee-m&-hi'r&,  a  town  of  India,  20  miles 
S.  of  Chittoor.     Lat.  24°  38'  N.;   Ion.  74°  50'  E. 

Neembuca,  54-fim-boo-kot>',  or  Pilar,  pe-laR',  a 
port  of  entry  of  Paraguay,  in  a  marshy  tract  on  the 
Parana,  170  miles  direct  (or  about  220  miles  by  water) 
W.S.W.  of  Asuncion. 

Neemla,  neem'lS,,  or  Nimba,  nim'bi,  a  town  of 
Afghanistan,  5  miles  E.  of  Gundamuck.  Lat.  34°  18'  N.: 
Ion.  70°  8'  E. 

Neem'ra,  a  village  of  Sinde,  44  miles  N.  of  Larkhana. 

Neemre'a  Hoo^senpore',  a  town  of  India,  North- 
west Provinces,  division  of  Rohilcund.     Pop.  5339. 

Neemutch,  nee^miSch',  a  town  of  India,  Rajpootana, 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Chittoor.     Lat.  24°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  E. 

Nee'nah,  a  hamlet  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mif> 
sissippi  River,  about  9  miles  below  St.  Cloud. 

Neenah,  a  city  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  in  Neenah 
township,  on  the  left  or  S.  bank  of  Fox  River,  which  here 
issues  from  Lake  Winnebago  and  separates  Neenah  from 
Menasha,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Green  Bay.  It 
contains  11  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  6  flouring-mills,  3  paper-mills,  several 
saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  staves,  Ac.  The 
river  here  affords  great  water-power.  Steamboats  ply  be- 
tween Neenah  and  Fond  du  Lac.  Pop.  in  1890,  5083;  of 
the  township,  additional,  538. 

Neenah  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Fox  River. 

Nee^panee',  or  Nipani,  nee^pi-nee',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  9371. 

Nee'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  S.W 
of  Cahoka. 

Neer,  nain,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
on  the  Mouse,  4  miles  N.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  1535. 

Neerheylissem,  naiR^hi'lis-s§m,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  South  Brabant,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  IfOO. 

N^erlande,  a  French  name  of  the  Netherlands. 

Neerlinter,  naiR'linH^r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  30  miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2180. 

Neermul,  neer^mul',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan. 
120  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad. 

Neeroeteren,  ni^roo't§h-r5n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Limbourg,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1600. 

Neerpelt,  naiR'pSlt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg, 
on  the  Dommel,  55  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1500. 


NEE 


1943 


NEI 


Neers,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Niers. 

Neers'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  oo.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Harper's  Ferry. 

Neerwinden,  naiR'^inM^n,  or  Neerwinde*  naiR'- 
■frin^d^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Liege,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Landen,  memorable  for  the  victory  gained  by  Mar- 
(hal  Luxembourg  over  the  army  of  William  III.  of  England, 
July  29,  1693,  and  for  the  defeat  of  the  French  by  the 
Austrians,  March  18,  1793. 

Neeryssche,  ni^ris'K^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Louvain.     Pop.  1300. 

Neethe^  a  river  of  Belgium.     See  N^the. 

Neetsville,  Adair  co.,  Ky.     See  Nbatsville. 

Neetiim,  an  ancient  city  of  Sicily,     See  Noro. 

Neff,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond. 

NeflPs,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.     See  Unionville. 

NelPs  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa., 
about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.     Pop.  about  100. 

NeflPs  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  oo.,  Utah. 

NeflTs'ville,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  4i  miles 
N.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church. 

Neft,  nSft,  or  Nefta,  nfifti,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Al  Sibkah  (Lowdeah),  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Tozer.     Lat.  34°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  55'  E. 

Neftenbach,  nfif't§n-b4K\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  N.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Toss.     Pop.  1436. 

Nefyn,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Nevin. 

Neg^apatam',  or  Nag^apatam',  also  called  Naga- 
pattanam,  ni^gi-pit-ti-nim',  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
Coromandel  coast,  16  miles  S.  of  Carrical,  province  and 
48  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tanjore.  It  has  manufactures  of 
oil,  woollens,  silks,  and  cottons,  and  a  trade  by  sea.  It 
stands  in  the  Cavery  delta.     Pop.  48,525. 

Negau'nee,  a  post-town  in  Negaunee  township,  Mar- 
quette CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Marquette,  Houghton  <fc  Ontonagon 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Peninsular  division  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Marquette, 
and  176  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  is  on  a  ridge 
called  Iron  Mountain,  about  900  feet  above  the  level  of 
Lake  Superior.  Here  is  an  abundance  of  good  iron  ore, 
and  a  very  large  capital  is  here  invested  in  iron-mines, 
which  in  prosperous  times  yield  about  200,000  tons  per 
annum.  Negaunee  has  a  large  blast-furnace,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
•T>ining-powder,  charcoal,  and  nitro-glycerine.     Pop.  6078. 

Negaunee,  township,  Marquette  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  646. 

Xeg'ley,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Negom'bo,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  W.  coast,  18  miles 
N.  of  Colombo.  Its  vicinity  produces  large  quantities  of 
rice,  with  pepper,  cocoa-nuts,  betel,  and  coflFee. 

Negotina,  ni-go-tee'ni,  or  Negotin,  ni-go-teen',  a 
town  of  Servia,  near  the  Danube,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Widdin. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  4528. 

Negrais,  neg^rice',  an  island  and  harbor,  British  Bur- 
mah,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bassein  River,  an  arm  of  the 
Irrawaddy. 

Negrar,  ni-graR',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  N.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  2856. 

Negree-Orang-Boogis.    See  Celebes. 

Ne^greet',  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish.  La. 

N^grepelisse,  ni^gr^h-p^h-leess',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  Aveyron,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Montauban.     Pop.  1058. 

Negril,  ne-gril'.  North  and  South,  two  headlands  of 
Jamaica,  8  miles  apart :  the  latter,  in  lat.  18"  16'  N.,  Ion. 
78°  22'  W.,  forms  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island. 

Negri!  Bay,  a  port  and  village  of  Jamaica,  between 
the  Negril  headlands,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  island.     P.  522. 

Negro,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Calore. 

Ne'gro  Foot,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  oo,,  Va.,  about 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Negro  Hill,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Negropont.     See  Eubcea  and  Chalcis. 

Negro,  Rio,  South  America.    See  Rio  Negro. 

Negros,  ni'groce,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  Malay 
Archipelago,  separated  by  narrow  channels  from  Panay  on 
the  N.W.  and  Zebu  on  the  S.E.,  and  extending  from  lat. 
9°  3'  to  10°  58'  N.,  Ion.  122°  28'  to  123°  29'  E.  Length, 
150  miles ;  average  breadth,  25  miles.     Pop.  225,873. 

Neguac,  neg^oo^ak',  or  Neg^owac',  a  post-village  in 
Northumberland  oo..  New  Brunswick,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 

Negiin'da,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb. 

Negyed,  nfid^yfid',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  30 
miles  from  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  3776. 

Neh,  nfih,  a  town  of  Persia,  175  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yezd. 


Neha'lem,  asmall  river  of  Oregon,  runs  W.,  and  enter* 
the  Pacific  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Clatsop  oo. 

Nehalem,  a  post- village  of  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon,  on 

the  Nehalem  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Sonth  Fork, 

about  18  miles  N.  of  Tillamook. 

Nehavend,  or  Nehawund,  Persia.    See  Nahatend. 

Nehaw'ka,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  about  15 

miles  N.W.  of  Nebraska  City. 

Neheim,  ni'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Arnsberg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  MSnne 
and  Ruhr.     Pop.  3291. 

N6hou,  n4^hoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manohe,  • 
miles  S.W.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  1950. 

Nehren,  n&'r^n,  a  villagfe  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of 
Schwarzwald,  near  Tubingen.     Pop.  1183. 
Nehrung.     See  Frische-Hafp  and  Curische-Haff. 
Nehtour,  Nehtour,  or  Nahtor,  n^tOwr'  or  n^tOr'^ 
a  town  of  India,  20  miles  E.  of  Bijnaur.     Pop.  9392. 

Neibsheim,  nibs'hime,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Bretten.     Pop.  1199. 

Neidenburg,  ni'd§n-b65RG\  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
24  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg.  Pop.  4259.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather. 

Neighbor's  (ni'burz)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Va. 

Neighborviile,  ni'biir-vll,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co., 
Kansas,  50  miles  N.  of  Trego. 

Neiigherry  or  Neelgherry  (neePghfir'ree)  Moun- 
tains, called  also  the  Neiigher'ries,  a  mountain-range 
of  Southern  India,  Madras  Presidency,  at  the  junction  of 
the  E.  and  W.  Ghauts,  where  they  occupy  an  area  of  about 
700  square  miles,  district  and  N.W.  of  Coimbatoor,  having 
on  the  S.  the  remarkable  Paulghautcherry  Pass.  Eleva- 
tion of  highest  peak,  9941  feet.  Among  these  hills  are  the 
stations  of  Ootacamund,  Kotagherry,  Dimhutty,  and  Coo- 
noor,  resorted  to  by  Europeans  on  account  of  the  eminent 
salubrity  of  their  climate.  (See  Mahableshwcr  Hills.) 
The  district  of  the  Neilgherries  has  an  area  of  749  square 
miles,  and  a  pop.  of  49,501.     Capital,  Ootacamund. 

Neill's  (neelz)  Creek,  a  township  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1137. 

Neillsville,  neelz'vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clark 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  Pine  Valley  township,  on  Black  River,  about 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eau  Claire,  and  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  L-» 
Crosse.    It  has  a  high  school,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1936, 
Neil's,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati^ 
Hamilton  <fc  Richmond  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 
Neilsburg,  neelz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Republic  oo., 
Kansas,  50  miles  S.  of  Belvidere,  Neb. 
Neil's  Corners,  Quebec.    See  Granborough. 
Neil's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jeflferson  oo.,  Ind. 
Neil's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.T.,  ♦ 
miles  W.  of  Wallace  Station. 

Neils'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  5  mile* 
S.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  1716. 
Nein,  the  Arabic  name  of  Nain. 
Neir,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nair. 
Neirai,  or  Nairai,  ni'ri,  written  also  Nirie,  an  island 
of  the  South  Pacific,  Feejee  group,  S.  of  Qoro. 

Neirone,  n4-e-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  4  miles  from  Cicagna.     Pop.  3117. 
Neishlot,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  Nyslott. 
Neisoukhoiji,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Niesoochatsohi. 
Neisse,  ni's^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Oder  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Frankfort.    Length,  115  miles. 
Neisse,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins 
the  Oder  15  miles  N.W.  of  Oppeln.     Length.  98  miles. 

Neisse,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Neisse,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln,  and  connected  by  railway 
with  Brieg,  29  miles  distant.  It  has  a  large  castle,  a  pal- 
ace, a  commandant's  residence,  circle  hall,  7  Roman  Catho- 
lic and  2  Lutheran  churches,  convents,  extensive  barracks, 
powder-mills  and  arsenals,  a  theatre,  several  hospitals,  a 
Roman  Catholic  college,  an  asylum  for  poor  Roman  Catholio 
clergy,  printing  establishments,  manufactures  of  linens  and 
woollens,  and  several  distilleries.     Pop.  19,533. 

Neithrop,  ni'thrpp,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of  Ox- 
ford, forming  a  suburb  of  Banbury.     Pop.  5741. 

Neiva,  Neva,  n4'v&,  Nit8a,or  Nitza,  nit's&,  a  river 
of  Russia,  governments  of  Perm  and  Tobolsk,  rises  in  the 
E.  slope  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Yekater- 
inboorg,  flows  E.S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  300  milee,^ 
joins  the  Toora. 
Neiva,  a  town  of  South  America.     See  Netva. 
Neive,  ni'e-vi,  or  Neze,  nid'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  pio»^ 
ince  of  Coni,  4  miles  N.B.  of  Alba.     Pop.  3067. 


NEJ 


1944 


NEM 


Nejd,  a  district  of  Arabia.     See  Nedjbd. 

NejiU)  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Nezheen, 

Neka'may  a  post-oflSce  of  Winnebago  oo.,  Wis. 

Nekimi)  ne-ki'mi,  or  Neka'ma,  a  post-township  of 
Winnebago  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  W,  side  of  Lake  Winnebago, 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  and 
is  7  miles  S.W.  of  Oshkosh.     Pop.  1278. 

Neko'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Neko'ma)  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  111.,  on  the 
Galva  A  Keithsburg  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Galva.  It  has  2  ware- 
houses for  corn,  which  is  shipped  here. 

Nekvoroktcha,  ndk-vo-'rok'ch&,  written  also  Nekh« 
vorochtcha,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  32  miles 
S.  of  Poltava,  on  the  Orel. 

Neligh,  ne'lig,  a  post-village  of  Antelope  oo..  Neb.,  on 
the  Elkhorn  River,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norfolk. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  hotel,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, 4  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1209. 

Nellestown,  nellz'tSwn,  or  Nelle's  Corners,  a  vil- 
lage in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Cayuga. 

Nellore,  ndrior',  written  also  Nelluru  and  Nellur, 
4,  town  of  India,  on  the  Pennar,  capital  of  a  district  of  its 
own  name,  13^  miles  from  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  98  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  12''  49'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  1'  E.  It  is 
a  busy  town,  with  extensive  suburbs.     Pop.  29,922. 

NellorB)  a  district  of  British  India,  on  the  Bay  of  Ben- 
gal.    Area,  12,000  square  miles.     Pop.  846,572. 

Nel'ly's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  oo.,  Va.,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Rockfish  Depot. 

Nel'son,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Burnley.     Pop.  5580. 

Nelson,  a  city  of  New  Zealand,  on  Tasman  Bay,  near 
the  N.  end  of  the  South  island.  Lat.  41°  15' S.  It  has  a  fine 
harbor,  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  is  handsomely  built,  with 
wide  streets  shaded  with  trees.  It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  college  connected  with  the  university  of  New 
Zealand,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  5554. 

Nei'son,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  Beech  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
extensivelj'  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the 
Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  one  of  which  connects 
with  Bardstown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,804;  in 
1880,  16,609;  in  1890,  16,417. 

Nelson,  a  county  of  Virginia,  near  the  middle  of  the 
state.  Area,  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  James  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Rockfish  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  hills,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  and  by  the  James  River  Canal,  which  follows 
its  S.E.  border.  Capital,  Lovingston.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,898 ; 
in  1880,  16,536;  in  1890,  15,336. 

Nelson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Batte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  83 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sacramento. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  in  Nelson  town- 
ship, on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Dixon.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  600. 

Nelson,  Moultrie  oo.,  HI.    See  Farlow. 

Nelson,  a  station  in  Moultrie  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Kaskaskia 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Illinois  Southern  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Decatur. 

Nelson,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  about  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  in  Nelson 
township,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  387. 

Nelson,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  at  or 
near  Nelson  Creek  Station  on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Owensborough  Junction. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Nelson 
township,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2361. 

Nelson,  a  township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.     P.  355. 

Nelson,  a  station  on  the  Boonville  Branch  of  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Boonville,  Mo. 

Nelson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  is  near  the 
Mississippi  River,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Clarksville. 


Nelson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Nelson,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Keene.  It  contains  Munsonville,  an 
academy,  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  744. 

Nelson,  or  Nelson  Flats,  a  post-village  in  Nelson 
township,  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  contains 
another  village,  named  Erieville,  and  has  several  cheese- 
factories,  and  a  pop.  of  1662. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nelson  township.  Portage  oo., 
C,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township  contains 
part  of  a  village  named  Garrettsville,  and  has  manufac- 
tures of  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1355. 

Nelson,  Mercer  co..  Pa.     See  Bristow. 

Nelson,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Tioga  co., 
Pa.,  in  Nelson  township,  on  the  Cowanesque  River,  and  on 
the  Coming,  Cowanesque  A  Antrim  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W. 
of  Corning,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  456. 

Nelson,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buffalo  oo..  Wis.,  in  Nelson 
township,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  near  its  mouth,  5  miler 
N.E.  of  Reed's  Landing,  Minn.,  and  about  38  miles  S.W. 
of  Eau  Claire.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1563.  It  contains  a 
hamlet  named  Misha  Mokwa. 

Nel'son,  a  river-port  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  North- 
umberland, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Miramichi,  about  20 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Miramichi  Bay,  and  opposite 
the  town  of  Newcastle.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  sev- 
eral saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Nelson,  a  post- village  in  Halton  oo.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Wellington  Square.     Pop.  100. 

Nel'son,  an  island  of  Chagos  Archipelago,  Indian 
Ocean.     Lat.  5°  40'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  72°  22'  E. 

Nelson,  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  between 
Brunswick  Bay  and  Prince  Regent  River.  Lat.  15°  6'  S.; 
Ion.  125°  4'  E. 

Nelson,  a  district  of  West  Australia,  lat.  34°  S.,  loo. 
116°  E.,  having  N.  Wellington  district. 

Nelson  Cape,  South  Australia,  bounds  Portland  Bay 
westward.     Lat.  38°  25'  64"  S. ;  Ion.  141°  28'  E. 

Nel'son  Chan'nel,  between  Tasmania  and  King's 
Island,  60  miles  across,  connects  Bass's  Strait  with  the 
Southern  Ocean. 

Nelson  Creek,  Kentucky.    See  Nelson. 

Nelson  Fnr'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Kj., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Louisville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Nelson  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Nelson  Island,  of  the  South  Shetland  group,  South 
Atlantic  Ocean.     Lat.  62°  15'  S.;  Ion.  58°  60'  W. 

Nelson  Point,  a  post-office  and  trading-post  of  Plumai 
CO.,  Cal.,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Nelson  River,  Canada.     See  Saskatchewan. 

Nel'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia.     Here  is  a  church. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  about 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  2  churches. 

Nelsonville,  or  Marysville,  a  village  of  Putnam  oo., 
N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Cold  Spring.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  541. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-village  of  Athens  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  River,  the  Hocking  Canal,  and  the  Columbus  A 
Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Athens.  Mining  coal  is  the  main  busi- 
ness of  this  place.  It  contains  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  2  union  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  4458. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Brenham.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Amherst  township,  1^  miles  from  Amherst  Junction  Station. 

Nelsonville,  Quebec.     See  Cowansville. 

Nel'ta  13 oc,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark. 

Nemadji,  ne-maj'e,  a  small  river  of  Douglas  co..  Wis., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Superior  at  the  town 
of  Superior. 

Nemaha,  nee'ma-haw\  or  Big  Nemaha  River, 
Neb.,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of  Lancaster  co.,  and  runs 
southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Johnson,  Pawnee,  and 
Richardson.  It  enters  the  Missouri  River  2  or  3  miles 
below  Rulo,  and  very  near  to  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Ne- 
braska. It  is  about  150  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  very 
fertile  farming  country. 

Nemaha,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.     It  is 


NEM 


1945 


NEP 


irained  by  the  Nemaha  and  Delaware  Rivers,  and  by  Illi- 
nois and  Vermilion  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  or  small  forests 
of  the  ash,  elm,  cottonwood,  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  an  abundance  of  limestone  valuable  for  building.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  A  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Seneca.  Pop.  in  1870,  7339 :  in  1880. 
12,462 ;  in  1890,  19,249.  ' 

Nemaha,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  391  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  is  trav- 
ersed from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the  Little  Nemaha  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Muddy  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  deep,  calcareous,  and  very  fertile.  This  county 
contains  a  large  portion  of  prairie,  and  has  groves  of  the 
ash,  elm,  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  maple,  and  other  trees  dis- 
tributed along  the  streams.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Mis- 
souri River  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  connect  with  Auburn,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7593;  in  1880,  10,451;  in  1890,  12,930. 

Nemaha  City,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Nemaha,  27 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Nebraska  City,  and  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Auburn.     It  has  several  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofBce,  a  bank,  a  grain-elevator,  and  manufactures  of 
cricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  about  450. 
Nemaha,  Little.     See  Little  Nemaha  River. 
Nemaur,  a  district  of  India.     See  Nimar. 
Nemausus,  the  ancient  name  of  NImes. 
Nembro,  nSm'bro,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  3122. 
Nemb-Shehr,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ne«J-Shehr. 
Nem'ea,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Corinth,  with  the  remains  of  a  temple  of  Jupiter 

and  other  antiquities. Adj.  Nemean,  nSm'e-^n. 

Nemetacum,  or  Nemetocenna.    See  Arras. 
Nemetes,  an  ancient  name  of  Speyer. 
Nemethi-Szathmar.    See  Szathmar-Nemeth. 
Nemeth-Lipcse,  ni^mfit'- lip'chi\  or   Deutsch- 
Lyptsch,  doitch-liptch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau, 
21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bries.     Pop.  2273. 
Nemeth-Ujvdr,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  GOssins. 
Nem  et-Keresztur,  Hungary.  See  Heiligen-Kreuz. 
Neraet-Oravicza,  Hungary.    See  Oravicza. 
Nemi,  ni'mee,  a  lake  and  village  of  Italy,  beside  the 
Appian  Way,  and  between  Albano  and  Velletri,  17  miles 
B.E.  of  Rome.     The  lake  is  the  crater  of  an  extinct  vol- 
cano, 5  miles  in  circumference,  and  surrounded  by  thick 
woods,  which  were  in  ancient  times  f9,mous  for  the  worship 
of  Diana.     It  discharges  its  waters  by  a  tunnel  of  very 
ancient  origin.     The  village  on  its  N.E.  margin  is  over- 
looked by  a  feudal  castle. 
Nemosia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Limasol. 
Nemours,  n^h-mooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Marne,  10  miles  S.  of  Eontainebleau.     It  is  surrounded  by 
the  Canal  du  Loing,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  fine  old 
castle,  and   manufactures   of  hats,  tanneries,    flour-mills, 
marble-works,  and  brick-  and  lime-kilns.     Pop.  3867. 
Nemza,  a  town  of  Moldavia.    See  Nyamtz. 
Nenagh,  n&'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
near  the  Nenagh  River,  an  aflSuent  of  the  Shannon,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Newport.    It  is  well  built,  and  has  remains  of 
a  Norman  castle  and  ruins  of  a  monastery.     Pop.  5696. 

Nendaz,  nSn'dits,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Valais,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Sion.     Pop.  of  parish,  2021. 

Nene,  or  Nen,  nSn,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  W. 
part  of  the  co.  of  Northampton,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the 
North  Sea  at  the  Wash.  Length,  90  miles.  It  communi- 
cates by  the  Wisbeach  Canal  with  the  Ouse. 

Nenelaw,  ne'n^-law,  a  small  river  of  Michigan,  rises 
in  Alcona  co.,  runs  N.E.  and  N.,  and  enters  Thunder  Bay 
River  in  Alpena  co.,  about  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Nen'no,  a  post-ofl5oe  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  on  Rock 
River. 

Nenokask,  or  Nenokazk,  ni-no-k&sk',  called  also 
Nenoksa  and  Nenokotskoi,  a  small  seaport  of  Russia, 
on  Archangel  Bay,  government  and  40  miles  W.  of  Arch- 
angel.    Pop.  921. 

Nen  zing,  nSnt'sing,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  Vorarl- 
berg,  2  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Feldkirch.     Pop.  1158. 
Neo  Csesarea,  the  ancient  name  of  Niksar. 
123 


Neocastro,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Navarimo. 

Neodesha,  ne^o-d^-shah',  a  post-village  in  Neodesha 
township,  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  on  or  near  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Verdigris  River  and  the  N.  bank  of  Fall  River,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Independence,  and  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Parsons.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  savings-bank,  4 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  an  iron- 
foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1228;  of  the  township,  2365. 

Neo'ga,  a  post- village  of  Cumberland  co..  111.,  in  Neog» 
township,  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mattoon,  and  about  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  money -order  post-office.  Pop 
540  ;  of  the  township,  2285. 

Neograd,  ni'o-grit^  (Hun.  Ndgrdd,  no'grid'),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  27  miles  N.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1444. 

Neograd,  or  N6grdd,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Hun- 
gary, bordering  southwestward  to  a  small  extent  on  the 
Danube.  Much  of  it  is  mountainous,  and  a  part  is  barren, 
but  the  valleys  are  generally  fertile.  Area,  1686  square 
miles.     Capital,  Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  198,269. 

Neo'Ia,  a  post-village  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Neola  township,  near  Mosquito  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Council 
Blufis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Neola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  18  miles  N.B 
of  lula. 

Neo'ma,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Neb. 

Neomagns,  the  ancient  name  of  Lisieux. 

Neo'sho,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Neosho 
River,  which  runs  through  the  county  from  N.W.  to  S.E. 
and  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  woodlands, 
the  former  of  which  amount  to  90  per  cent.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  oats,  and  grass 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone 
and  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  several 
branches  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  and 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  both  of  which 
lines  connect  with  Brie,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,206 ; 
in  1880,  16,121;  in  1890,  18,561. 

Neosho,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  943. 

Neosho,  a  township  of  Cofi'ey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  642. 

Neosho,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  663. 

Neosho,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  524. 

Neosho,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Neosho  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  73 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Car- 
thage. It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  2  wagon-factories.  Lead-mines  have  been  opened  near 
this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2198;  of  the  township,  4283. 

Neosho,  a  post-village  in  Rubicon  township,  Dodge  oo., 
Wis.,  on  the  Rubicon  River,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  water- 
power,  a  flouring-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  brewery,  2 
churches,  a  masonic  hall,  3  other  halls,  <fcc.  Pop.  about  450. 

Neosho  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Neosho  River,  and 
on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <k  Texas 
Railroad,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Emporia,  and  16  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Humboldt.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  The  river 
here  affords  water-power.     Pop.  652;  of  township,  1193. 

Neosho  Rapids,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Lyon  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  2  miles  from 
Neosho  Rapids  Station,  which  is  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc 
Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Emporia.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Neosho  River  rises  in  Morris  oo.,  in  the  £.  central 
part  of  Kansas.  It  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos. 
of  Lyon  and  Coffey  to  lola,  in  Allen  co.,  below  which  its 
general  direction  is  southeastward  until  it  crosses  the  S. 
boundary  of  Kansas  about  3  miles  below  Chetopa.  It  then 
enters  the  Indian  Territory,  in  which  it  runs  nearly  south- 
ward, and  joins  the  Arkansas  River  at  Fort  Gibson.  Its 
length  is  nearly  460  miles,  of  which  about  300  miles  are  in 
Kansas.    It  traverses  fertile  prairies,  in  which  coal  is  found. 

Neozeli,  n^-od-z&'lee,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, province  of  Busaohi.     Pop.  1028. 

Ne^paug',  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Hartford  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactory  of  furniture-castors,  Ac 

Nepaul,  ne-pawl',  written  also  Nepal  (Hindoo,  lie- 
pala,  n&-pi'l&),  an  independent  country  of  India,  com- 
prising the  southern  slope  of  the  Himalayas,  between  Int. 


NEP 


1946 


NER 


26"  30'  and  30°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  80°  and  88°  E.,  having  W. 
and  S.  British  India,  E.  Sikkim  and  the  Darjeeling  district, 
and  N. Thibet.  Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  450  miles ;  breadth, 
100  miles.  Area,  estimated  at  53,000  square  miles,  and 
population  at  3,000,000.  The  S.  part  of  the  country  is  an  un- 
dulating and  densely-wooded  tract,  called  the  tarai  ;  farther 
northward  the  surface  consists  of  a  succession  of  mountains 
and  narrow  valleys,  in  which  many  affluents  of  the  Goggra, 
Gunduck,  Cosi,  and  other  tributaries  of  the  Ganges  have 
their  sources.  Rice,  maize,  wheat,  barley,  cotton,  and 
sugar-cane  are  among  the  chief  crops.  Fruits,  drugs, 
dyeing-materials,  and  timber  are  abundant.  The  native 
animals  comprise  horses  and  large  dogs  of  superior  breeds, 
shawl  goats,  and  sheep,  which  are  employed  as  beasts  of 
'burden.  Many  copper-  and  iron-mines  are  wrought ;  lead 
and  zinc  are  among  the  mineral  products.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  of  cotton  cloths,  metallic  goods,  salt,  and 
nitre.  Among  the  exports  are  elephants,  ivory,  rice,  tim- 
ber, hides,  ginger,  catechu,  turmeric,  fruits,  and  spices, 
with  Thibet  horses  and  sheep,  small  bullocks,  borax,  salt, 
sulphur,  and  mineral  preparations  brought  from  Bootan 
And  Thibet  and  sent  into  the  Bengal  territory  in  return 
for  Indian  and  British  manufactures  and  the  native  prod- 
ucts of  India.  A  portion  of  the  transit  trade  between 
Cashmere  and  the  Chinese  Empire  passes  through  Nepaul. 
The  population  consists  of  several  tribes,  partly  of  Mongol 
origin  and  Booddhists,  but  chiefly  of  Hindoo  faith  and  de- 
scent. The  government  is  vested  in  the  tribe  of  the  Gk>rk- 
has,  who  conquered  the  country  about  the  middle  of  the 
last  century.  The  principal  towns  are  Khatmandoo  (the 
capital),  Lalita-Patan,  Bhatgong,  and  Eirthipoor.  After 
the  termination  of  the  war  of  1814-16  the  Gorkhas  ceded 
to  the  British  all  the  countries  situated  between  the  Sutlej 
and  the  Kali  Rivers,  and  agreed  to  evacuate  the  territory 
of  Sikkim. Adj.  and  inhab.  Nepaulesb,  nfip^awl-eez'. 

Nepean,  nep-e-&n',  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  29°  2'  S. :  Ion.  167°  48'  E. 

Nepean,  an  island  in  Torres  Strait.  Lat.  0°S4'S.; 
Ion.  143°  42'  E. 

Nepean,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  British  North  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  53°  32'  N.j  Ion.  127°  30'  W. 

Nepean,  a  river  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  flows 
northwestward,  and  joins  the  Warra-gamba  to  form  the 
Hawkesbury. 

Nepean  Bay,  South  Australia,  is  on  the  N.E.  side  of 
Kangaroo  Island,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Adelaide. 

Neperan,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.    See  Unionvillb. 

Nepes'ta,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  oo.,  Col.,  on  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 
The  name  of  the  station  is  Nepieste. 

Ne^peus'kun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis., 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Berlin  with  Ripon,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fond  du 
Lac.     The  township  contains  Rush  Lake.     Pop.  1123. 

Nephath,  the  Scriptural  name  of  Tortxjra. 

Ne'phi,  or  Salt  Creek,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Juab 
CO.,  Utah,  about  80  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Here  are 
several  salt  springs.    P.  (1890)  2034.  Post-office,  Salt  Creek. 

Nephin,  nSPin,  and  NephUnbeg',  two  mountains  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo, — the  former  about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Crossmolina,  height  above  the  sea,  2646  feet,  the  latter  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Newport,  height  2065  feet. 

Nepi,  ni'pee  (ano.  Nepete,  Nepe,  or  Nepet),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Rome,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Viterbo.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls  erected  on  Etruscan  foundations.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  church  and  town  hall.    Pop.  2382. 

Nepisquit  Bay.     See  Bathdrst  Bat. 

Nepissing,  a  lake  of  Canada.    See  Nipissino  Lake. 

Nepomuck,  Nepomnk,  ni-po'mook,  or  Pomnk, 
po'mook,  a  small  town  of  Bohemia,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Prague, 
famous  as  the  birthplace  of  St.  John  Nepomuk,  the  patron 
saint  of  Bohemia,  about  the  year  1330.     Pop.  2123. 

Nepon'set,  a  small  river  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  Boston  harbor  about  4  miles  S. 
of  Boston.     It  affords  motive-power  for  mills. 

Neponset,  a  post- village  in  Neponset  township,  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  124 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg. 
It  has  2  banks,  4  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  township,  1510. 

Neponset,  a  post-village  of  SufiFolk  co.,  Mass.,  within 
the  limits  of  Boston,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neponset  River, 
and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mil- 
ton Branch,  5  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  post-office 
named  Neponset  Village,  which  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston 

Eost-office.     Here  are  4  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
orseshoe-nails. 


Nep'tnne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  5  miles  M.B. 
of  Celina.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  96. 

Neptune,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  Wis. 

Nep'tune  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  of  South  Aus< 
tralia,  near  the  entrance  of  Spencer  Gulf,  45  miles  N.W.  of 
Kangaroo  Island.     Lat.  35°  22'  S. ;  Ion.  136°  7'  E. 

Neqaas'set,  a  village  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me.,  on  Ne- 
quasset  Lake,  and  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Ice  is 
exported  from  it. 

Nequinam,  an  ancient  name  of  Narni. 

Nera,  ni'ri  (anc.  ^ar),  a  river  of  Italy,  passes  Terni 
to  Narni,  near  which  it  joins  the  Tiber  on  the  left.  Length, 
60  miles.  On  its  affluent  the  Yelino  is  the  cataract  called 
Cascata  del  Marmore.     See  Velino. 

Nera,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Nero. 

N^rac,  ni^rik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Agen,  on  the  Bayse.  Pop. 
4975.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  a  fine  chftteau,  in 
which  Henry  IV.  held  his  court  when  he  was  only  King 
of  Navarre.  Here  Calvin  found  an  asylum  from  persecution 
at  the  court  of  Margaret,  Queen  of  Navarre.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  starch,  corks,  cordage,  druggets,  and  linens,  tan- 
neries, many  flour-mills,  and  breweries. 

Nerbudda,  Nerbuddah,  Nnrbuddah,  n&r-b&d'd^, 
or  Narmada,  nar-m&'d&  (anc.  Nama'dus),  a  river  of 
India,  and  next  to  the  Indus  the  principal  one  having  a 
westward  course,  rises  in  Gundwana,  near  the  sources  of 
the  Sone,  flows  through  the  British  dominions,  and  enters 
the  Gulf  of  Cambay  28  miles  W.  of  Baroach.  Length,  620 
miles.  It  is  a  broad  stream,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded 
by  rocks,  islands,  shallows,  and  cataracts.  It  separates  the 
Deccan  from  Hindostan  proper. 

Nerbudda,  a  division  or  commissionership  of  the  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  India,  comprising  the  districts  of  Nursing- 
poor,  Baitool,  Chindwara,  and  Nimar.  Area,  17,512  square 
miles.     Pop.  1,590,907. 

Nercha,  or  Nertscha,  ndR'ch&,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises 
on  the  E.  frontiers  of  Irkootsk,  flows  circuitously  S.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  250  miles,  joins  the  Shilka  at  Nerchinsk. 

Ner^chinsk',  or  Nertschiiisk,  nir^chinsk',  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Transbaikalia,  on  the  Nercha,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Shilka,  540  miles  E.  of  Irkootsk.  It  has 
a  large  fur-trade  and  rich  mines  of  lead  and  silver.  P.  3740. 

Nerekhta,  Nerechta,  n^-ris'tl,  or  Nerechtar, 
ni-rdK-taR',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  23  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Kostroma,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.    P.  3385. 

Nerepis,  nflr'9-pe,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Nerepis  River,  at  its  entrance  into  the 
St.  John,  and  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railway, 
18i  miles  W.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Neresheim,  ni'r^s-hime^  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Danube,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ulm.  P.  1133. 

Neresi,  ni-ri'see,  the  principal  town  of  the  island  of 
Brazza,  Dalmatia,  12  miles  S.  of  Spalato.     Pop.  1580. 

Nereto,  ni-ri'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  2673. 

Neriad,  or  Nariad,  n^r-e-id',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Bombay,  Khaira  district,  30  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  25,520. 

Nerigon,  or  Nerigonia.    See  Norway. 

Neris,  ni^ees'  (anc.  A'qtix  Ne'rtef),  a  small  town  and 
watering-place  of  France,  department  of  Allier,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Montlupon.     Pop.  1197. 

Neriuin  Promontorium.     See  Cape  Finisterrg. 

Neija,  or  Nerxa,  nfiR'Hi,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  small  river  Nerja  in  the  Mediterranean, 
province  and  27  miles  E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  5516, 

Nerl,  uArI,  Great  and  Little,  two  small  rivers  of 
Russia,  take  their  rise  in  the  district  of  Pereslavl,  gov- 
ernment of  Vladimeer.  The  Great  Nerl  issues  from  Lake 
Plescheievo,  flows  N.W.,  enters  the  government  of  Tver, 
and  joins  the  Volga  on  the  right.  The  Little  Nerl  flows 
along  the  S.  frontier  of  Yaroslav,  and  joins  the  Kliasma 
below  Vladimeer. 

Nero,  nA'ro,  Nera,  ni'ri,  or  Rostov,  I'os-tov',  a  small 
lake  of  Russia,  in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Yaroslav, 
about  10  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  and  nearly  5  miles 
broad.     The  town  of  Rostov  stands  on  its  N.W.  shore. 

Ne'ro,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Neb. 

Nero,  a  small  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manitowoc.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Nerola,  ni-ro'l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a  small  affluent 
of  the  Tiber,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Rome,  with  an  old  feudal 
castle  of  the  Barberini  family,  and  supposed  to  occupy  the 
site  of  JRegil'lum.     Pop.  979. 


NER 


1947 


NET 


N^roude*  ni^r6Nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles 
6.B.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1297. 

Neroudes,  n&^r6Nd',  a  town  of  Franoe/department  of 
Cher,  20  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1727. 

Neronia^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Codigoro. 

Neroosa^  Nerousa^  or  Nerusa^  n&-roo'B&,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Orel,  about  9  miles 
N.  of  Dmitrovsk,  flows  N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
80  miles,  joins  the  Desna  opposite  Troobchevsk. 

Nerow'lee,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bengal, 
North- West  Provinces,  division  of  Rohilound.     Pop.  5085. 

Ner'strand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  in  Wheel- 
ing township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Dundas. 

Nertobriga,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ricla. 

JVertschinsk,  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Nerchinsk. 

Nerusa^  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Neroosa. 

Nerva,  nfiR'vi,  or  Nervion,  ndR-ve-on',  or  Ibaiza- 
baU  e-Bi-thi-Bil',  a  river  of  Spain,  province  of  Biscay, 
flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay  near  Por- 
tugalete.     Length,  50  miles. 

Nervi,  nfiR'vee,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Genoa.  Pop.  5186.  It  is  agreeably 
situated,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  and  has 
manufactures  of  silk  and  woollen,  a  brisk  coasting-trade, 
and  productive  fisheries. 

Nerviano,  nfiR-ve-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Olona.     Pop.  3278. 

Nervion,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Nerva. 

Nerwinde^  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Neerwinden. 

Nerxa,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Nerja. 

Nes,  nis,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland, 
island  of  Ameland. 

Nesaquake,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.    See  Nissequagde. 

Nes'bit's  Station,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles 
S.  of  Memphis.  It  has  a  collegiate  institute,  2  churches, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

NeschiU)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nezhken. 

Neschtin,  nSsh-teen',  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Slavonia, 
CO.  of  Syrmia,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  1427. 

Nes'copeck,  a  post-village  in  Nesoopeck  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Nesoopeck  Creek,  i  mile  from  Ber- 
wick Station,  and  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  A 
bridge  across  the  river  connects  Nescopeck  with  Berwick. 
Pop.  in  1890,  698 ;  of  the  township,  1456. 

Nescopeck  Creek,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  runs  nearly 
westward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River. 

Nescopeck  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  ridge  in  the 
B.  part  of  Luzerne  co.,  is  about  1000  feet  higher  than  the 
adjacent  valley. 

Neshaminy,  ne-sham'9-ne,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co., 
fa.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Neshaminy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearly  south- 
eastward in  Bucks  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  2  or 
3  miles  below  Bristol. 

Neshan'ic,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  00.,  N.J.,  on  or 
near  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  and  South  Branch  Railroads,  8  miles  E.  of  Flem- 
ington,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Perth  Amboy.  It  contains  the 
Neshanio  Institute,  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Neshan'nock,  township,  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     P.  1132. 

Neshannock,  a  post-village  in  Hickory  township, 
Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  New  Castle,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  Sharon.  Block  coal  is  mined  here.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Neshannock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Mercer 
CO.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  Shenango  River  at  New  Castle. 

Neshannock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  00., 
Pa.,  on  Neshannock  Creek,  and  on  the  New  Castle  <fc  Frank- 
lin Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle.  This 
place  has  extensive  water-power,  and  is  noted  for  its  ro- 
mantic scenery.  It  has  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  wool. 

Neshko'ro,  a -post-village  in  Neshkoro  township,  Mar- 
quette CO.,  Wis.,  on  White  River,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Princeton,  and  about  14  miles  W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  530. 

Nesho'ba,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  560  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pearl 
River,  and  also  drained  by  many  of  its  afiSuents,  including 
Kentawha  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7439;  in  1880,  8741;  in  1890,  11,146. 


Nesho'to,  a  hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  on  West 
Two  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Manitowoc.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Nesis,  the  ancient  name  of  Nisita. 

Nesle,  nail  or  ndl,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the 
Ingon,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop.  2296.  Neslb  is 
the  name  of  numerous  other  communes  of  France. 

Nes'mith,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Nesmy,  nds^mee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vendue,  6 
miles  S.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  138. 

Nesocha'qne  River,  New  Jersey,  a  branch  of  Little 
Egg  Harbor  River,  rises  in  Camden  co.,  flows  in  a  S.E. 
course,  and  unites  with  other  branches  near  Pleasant  Mills. 

Nesqual'ly,  or  Nisqual'ly,  a  river  of  Washington, 
flows  between  Pierce  and  Thurston  cos.  into  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Paget  Sound. 

Nesquehoning,  nes^kwe-ho'ning,  a  post-village  of 
Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  Nesquehoning  Creek,  and  on  the  Nes- 
quehoning Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Manch  Chunk. 
It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 1655. 
Ness,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas.  Area, 
1080  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Walnut  Creek  and 
the  Pawnee  Fork  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  snrfaoe  is 
undulating,  and  is  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  uncultivated,  but  produces  natural  pasture.  Capi- 
tal, Ness  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  3722;  in  1890,  4944. 

Ness  Cityf  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ness  eo.,  Kansas,  on 
Walnut  Creek,  42  miles  S.  of  Wa  Keeney  Station,  and  60 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Great  Bend.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  a  creamery,  a  roller  flour-mill,  and  3  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  800. 

Nesse,  nds's^h,  or  Nes'sa,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises 
W.  of  Erfurt,  in  Prussian  Saxony,  and  joins  the  Werra. 

Nesserabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nusseerabad. 

Nesslau,  ndss'lSw,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2361. 

Ness,  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Ness. 

Nesso,  nfis'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Como,  near 
the  E.  shore  of  Lago  di  Como,  in  a  wild  ravine,  where  the 
Latta,  a  tributary  of  the  Lecco,  forms  a  magnificent  water- 
fall nearly  200  feet  high.     Pop.  1100. 

Neste,  or  Nestes,  n&t,  a  river  of  Prance,  in  HautAS- 
Pyr6n6e8,  flows  first  N.  and  then  E.,  and  joins  the  Garonne 
near  Mazdres,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Nestock'ton,  a  post-office  of  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon. 

Nes'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  N.W.  ol 
Chester,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Dee. 

Nes'torville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
12  miles  S.  of  Thornton  Railroad  Station. 

Nestus,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Nestved,  or  Nsestved,  nSst'vfld,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  island  of  Seeland,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Prsestoe,  and  on 
the  Suus-Aa,  near  its  mouth.     Pop.  4267. 

Nesvizh,  Nesvij,  or  Nesvish,  nfis-vizh',  written  also 
Nieswiez  and  Niezwitsch,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  58  miles  S.W.  of  Minsk,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Niemen.     It  has  a  fine  palace.     Pop.  7266. 

Ne Harts',  a  post-office  of  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  6  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Net^awa'ka,  a  post-village  in  Netawaka  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Atchison,  and  about  42 
miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  township,  434. 

Netee  Ghant,  Himalayas.    See  Niti  Ghaut. 

N^the,  or  Neethe,  ni't^h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  in  Ant- 
werp, formed  by  the  Great  and  Little  Nfithe,  which  unite 
at  Lierre,  whence  it  has  a  W.S.W.  and  navigable  course  of 
8  miles,  and  joins  the  Ruppel  3  miles  S.W.  of  Boom. 

Nethen,  n&'t^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1500. 

Neth'erby,  a  post-village  in  Welland  00.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.  of  Port  Robinson.     Pop.  100. 

Neth'erland,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  38 
miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson. 

Netheriand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Overton  00.,  Tenn.,  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  MoMinnville.  It  has  a  eharch,  »  gritt- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.   ^ 

Netherlands,  nerH'^r-I^ndz,  or  Tax  Low  Conn> 
tries  (Dutch,  ^eder/onden,  n&'d^r-l&nM^n  ;  Fr.  Paya-Bai, 
p&-ee'-b&,  or  NitrlancU,  n&^^RM&Nd' ;  Ger.  Niederlande, 
nee'd^r-lin^d^h ;  Sp.  Paiset  Bajot,  pA-ee'sds  b&'aoce ;  Port. 
Paizea  Baixot,  p4-ee'sfis  bi'shooe ;  It.  Pae»i-Ba**i,  p4-i'- 
see-bis'see ;  L.  Bel'giem  Provin'eix),  a  country  in  the  W. 
of  Europe,  formerly  comprising  the  whole  of  the  present 
kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  together  with  that  of  Belgium. 
The  appellation  of  NetherlaiNDS,  as  well  as  the  name  of 
this  country  in  each  of  the  other  European  languages  aboT* 


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eited,  signifies  "  low  countries"  or  "  low  lands,"  the  sur- 
face of  a  large  portion  being  a  dead  level,  and  much  of  it 
lying  actually  below  the  level  of  the  sea.   (See  next  article, 

also  Bklqiuh.) Adj.  Nbtheblandish  (Dutch,  Neder- 

itiNSCH,  ni'd^r-linsh ;  Ger.  Niederlandisch,  nee'd^r-lfin^- 
dish  ;  Fr.  Neeblandais,  ni'^RHAy^di'). 

Netherlands^  called  also  Hol'land^  a  maritime  king- 
dom on  the  western  border  of  continental  Europe,  lying  be- 
tween lat.  51°  10'  and  53°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  3°  20'  and  7° 
20'  E.  On  the  W.  and  N.  it  is  bounded  by  the  North  Sea, 
on  the  E.  by  Prussia,  and  on  the  S.  by  Belgium.  The  river 
Ems  marks  the  boundary  towards  Hanover ;  but  between 
the  Netherlands  and  the  Prussian  provinces  W.  of  the 
Rhine  the  line  is  fixed  by  conventions  rather  than  by  na- 
ture ;  on  the  S.,  also,  the  boundary  towards  Belgium  from 
the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse  or  Maas  to  the  sea,  though  de- 
fined accurately  by  the  treaty  of  November,  1831,  to  which 
the  chief  powers  of  Europe  were  parties,  is  not  marked  by 
any  natural  features.  The  country  thus  marked  out  has 
an  extent  from  N.  toS.  of  150  miles,  with  a  breadth  from 
W.  to  E.  of  120  miles  throughout;  area,  12,680  square 
miles.  The  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  though  subject 
to  the  Dutch  monarch  as  grand  duke,  forms  no  part  of  the 
kingdom  proper. 

The  Netherlands  (or  Low  Countries,  as  the  name  implies) 
form  the  most  characteristic  portion  of  the  great  plain  of 
West  and  North  Europe.  From  the  middle  of  Belgium,  a 
few  miles  N.  of  Brussels,  the  country  N.E.  becomes  a  dead 
level,  extending  in  monotonous  sandy  fiats  through  Han- 
over, Jutland,  Holstein,  and,  with  little  interruption, 
through  Prussia  into  Russia.  But  the  lowest  part  of  this 
immense  level  is  the  country  between  the  mouths  of  the 
Scheldt  and  Ems ;  within  this  distance  the  Rhine,  joined 
by  the  Meuse,  Yssel,  and  other  rivers,  enters  the  sea 
through  a  number  of  arms  and  sluggish  winding  channels, 
which  by  no  means  represent  the  magnitude  of  the  stream 
as  it  appears  higher  up. 

The  soil  of  the  Netherlands  shows  everywhere  the  proofs 
of  a  struggle  between  the  ocean  and  the  river,  in  the  alter- 
nation of  salt-  and  fresh-water  deposits.  Remains  of  for- 
ests now  lie  buried  under  the  waves  of  the  German  Ocean  ; 
Eaved  roads,  traces  of  villages  and  of  cultivation,  are  found 
eneath  the  morasses  on  the  banks  of  the  Ems,  and  many 
similar  proofs  can  be  adduced  of  great  physical  changes. 
To  secure  their  territorial  possessions  from  the  encroach- 
ments of  the  sea,  the  early  occupants  of  this  country  had 
recourse  to  embankments,  high  and  strong  enough  to  pro- 
tect them  under  ordinary  circumstances  from  the  waves ; 
and,  placing  windmills  on  the  embankments,  exposed  to  the 
sea-breeze,  they  worked  the  pumps  which  drained  the  en- 
closed lands.  At  the  present  day  the  Netherlands  present 
to  our  view  an  artificially -constructed  country,  some  por- 
tions of  which  are  16  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  sea,  and 
nearly  all  too  low  for  natural  drainage.  The  whole  country 
is  divided  by  dikes,  some  of  them  60  feet  high,  which  pro- 
tect portions  of  land  from  the  sea,  lakes,  or  rivers.  These 
enclosed  lands  are  called  Polders.  On  the  chief  dikes  are 
roads  and  canals ;  the  latter  join  the  rivers,  and  are  gen- 
erally large  enough  to  be  navigable. 

There  are  no  mountains  or  rocks  in  the  Netherlands. 
The  only  heights  are  the  sand-hills,  about  100  feet  high, 
along  the  coast,  and  a  chain  of  low  hills,  of  perhaps  similar 
origin,  which  extend  from  the  middle  of  the  province  of 
Utrecht  into  Gelderland.  The  work  of  reclaiming  the 
waste  is  constantly  going  forward;  in  the  provinces  of 
North  and  South  Holland  alone  about  90  lakes  have  been 
drained.  The  drainage  of  the  Lake  of  Haarlem,  begun  in 
1839,  was  completed  in  1852  by  means  of  steam-pumps, 
and  the  drainage  of  the  S.  half  of  the  Zuyder  Zee  is  now 
going  on.  The  polders  probably  form  one-half  of  the 
whole  territory. 

The  chief  features  of  the  country  are  the  wide  estuaries 
W.  and  E.  of  the  Scheldt  and  of  the  Meuse,  which  latter 
bear  off  also  the  waters  of  the  Rhine ;  N.  of  the  Meuse,  the 
Zuyder  Zee,  which  was  formed  by  an  irruption  of  the  sea  in 
the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  lately  covered 
an  area  of  1200  square  miles.  Betiyeen  the  mouths  of  the 
Meuse  and  the  entrance  to  the  Zuyder  Zee,  a  distance  of  76 
miles,  the  coast  is  chiefly  formed  of  sand-hills  or  downs, 
separating  the  low  fertile  meadows  from  the  ocean.  In  a 
line  with  these  downs,  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
runs  a  chain  of  islands,  namely,  Texel,  Vlieland,  Ter- 
schelling,  Ameland,  Ac,  which  seem  to  indicate  the  origi- 
nal line  of  the  coast.  The  coast  of  Friesland,  opposite  to 
these  islands,  depends  for  its  security  altogether  on  arti- 
ficial embankments.  The  Lauwer  Zee,  a  deep  bay  on  the 
confines  of  Friesland  and  Groningen,  also  owes  its  origin 


to  an  irruption  of  the  ocean ;  and  again  the  DoUart,  a  gulf 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Ems,  was  formed  by  a  similar  con- 
vulsion, which  is  said  to  have  swept  away  70  villages  and 
100,000  people.  From  the  left  bank  of  the  Ems,  the  Bour- 
tanger  Morass  extends  about  40  miles  S.W.  towards  the 
Zuyder  Zee  ;  the  Peel,  a  marsh  of  less  extent,  lies  near  the 
left  bank  of  the  Meuse,  on  the  E.  side  of  North  Brabant. 

The  chief  rivers  of  the  Netherlands  are  the  Rhine,  Meuse, 
Scheldt,  Yssel,  Vecht,  and  Hunse.  The  Rhine,  after  enter- 
ing the  Netherlands,  soon  divides,  the  S.  and  principal  arm 
taking  the  name  of  Waal,  and  uniting  with  the  Meuse,  while 
the  N.  arm,  communicating  with  the  Yssel,  takes  the  name 
of  Lock ;  a  branch  from  it,  named  the  Kromme  (Crooked) 
Rhein,  winds  by  Utrecht  to  the  Zuyder  Zee,  while  another 
very  diminished  stream,  called  the  Old  Rhine,  flows  from 
Utrecht  by  Leyden  to  the  sea  at  Katwyk.  The  Meuse,  en- 
tering the  Netherlands  from  Belgium,  receives  the  Ruhr. 
Of  the  Scheldt,  only  the  mouths,  the  E.  and  the  W.,  or  Old 
Scheldt,  lie  within  the  Dutch  boundary.  The  Yssel  and 
Vecht,  flowing  from  Germany,  both  enter  the  Zuyder  Zee 
at  no  great  distance  asunder ;  the  former  is  navigable  to 
Deventer,  the  latter  to  Zwolle.  The  Hunse,  rising  in  the 
Bourtanger  Marsh,  flows  through  Groningen  to  the  Lauwer 
Zee.  The  canals  of  the  Netherlands  are  numerous  and 
important,  the  principal  being  the  new  ship-canal  running 
W.  from  Amsterdam  to  the  sea ;  the  North  Holland  Canal, 
for  ships  passing  between  Amsterdam  and  the  Helder,  a 
distance  of  40  miles;  the  Winschoten  Canal,  18  miles  long, 
connecting  the  Dollart  with  Groningen  ;  and  the  Damster- 
Diep,  running  from  Groningen  to  the  sea  at  Delfzyl.  Har- 
lingen,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  is  also  connected  with  Groningen 
by  a  great  canal  which  passes  by  Franeker  and  Leeuwar- 
den.  The  Nieuwer  Sluis  unites  Utrecht  with  Amsterdam, 
while  the  latter  city  communicates  with  Rotterdam  by  a 
canal  which  touches  at  Haarlem,  Leyden,  and  Delft,  pass- 
ing also  near  the  Hague. 

The  climate  of  the  Netherlands  is  extremely  humid  and 
changeable ;  violent  winds  are  frequent,  and  heavy  sea-fogs 
are  driven  in,  which  injure  vegetation.  The  winters  are 
severe,  and  the  sky  is  almost  always  overcast.  Low  fevers 
visit  the  marshy  districts  in  autumn,  but  the  dry  cold  of 
winter,  coupled  with  the  countervailing  influence  of  good 
food  and  clothing  and  the  habitual  cleanliness  of  the  Dutch, 
restores  the  peasant's  health. 

The  flora  of  the  Netherlands  is  limited,  but  gardening  and 
agriculture  have  attained  in  this  naturally  unproductive 
country  a  high  degree  of  perfection.  Wheat  of  excellent 
quality  is  grown  in  some  portions  of  the  S.  provinces.  Rye, 
oats,  and  buckwheat,  with  horse-beans,  beets,  madder,  and 
flax,  are  more  common  crops ;  and  tobacco  is  cultivated  in  the 
provinces  of  Gelderland,  South  Holland,  and  Utrecht.  Culi- 
nary vegetables  are  raised,  not  merely  for  supplying  the 
internal  demand,  but  also  for  the  exportation  of  the  seeds ; 
but  it  is  in  stock  and  dairy -produce  in  particular  that  the 
rural  industry  of  the  Netherlands  shows  its  strength.  The 
Dutch  horses  are  remarkable  for  size  and  strength,  and  are 
much  sought  after ;  and  in  the  number  and  excellence  of 
their  homed  cattle  the  Dutch  are  quite  unrivalled. 

The  poultry-yard,  and  every  object  of  husbandry  which 
demands  care,  is  to  the  Dutch  farmer  a  source  of  wealth. 
Bee-culture  is  likewise  actively  carried  on,  and  the  quantity 
of  cheese  and  butter  brought  to  market  is  amazing. 

Living  along  the  estuaries  of  great  rivers,  and  on  the 
shores  of  a  sea  abounding  in  fish,  the  Dutch  soon  became  a 
seafaring  people.  Indeed,  the  bold  outlay  of  capital  neces- 
sary to  make  the  land,  as  we  may  say,  was  clearly  due  to 
the  spirit  and  genius  of  commerce.  Manufactures  have 
flourished  in  a  remarkable  degree,  though  never  a  pre- 
dominating interest.  The  linen  and  the  paper  of  the  Dutch 
Netherlands  have  long  held  the  first  rank.  The  manufac- 
ture of  woollen  cloth  centres  in  Leyden,  Gouda,  and  Utrecht, 
which  last-named  place  is  famous  also  for  its  silk  velvet. 
The  distilleries  of  Schiedam  are  well  known.  Gouda  sup- 
plies tobacco-pipes,  the  best  of  their  kind,  and  the  same  praise 
maybe  bestowed  on  the  leather,  the  refined  sugar, and  many 
other  articles.  The  absence  of  ooal  and  the  prevalence  of 
strong  winds  have  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  windmill, 
which  is  employed  as  a  motive-power  in  all  kinds  of  work. 

The  commerce  with  the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  East 
Indies,  particularly  Java,  is  of  great  and  continually  in- 
creasing importance. 

The  provinces  of  the  Netherlands  are  North  Brabant,  Gel- 
derland, South  Holland,  North  Holland,  Zealand,  Utrecht, 
Friesland,  Overjssel,  Groningen,  Drenthe,  and  Limburg, 
each  noticed  in  its  alphabetical  place.  Total  pop.  in  1877, 
exclusive  of  colonies,  3,924,792  ;  in  1890,  4,564,565. 

In  addition  to  her  European  territories,  the  Netherlands 


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possesses  a  wide  extent  of  colonies  and  dependencies  in  Asia, 
Africa,  and  America,  with  which  she  carries  on  an  exten- 
sive commerce,  and  which  contribute  materially  to  her  great- 
ness. They  are  the  Netherlands  Indies  (separately  noticed), 
the  West  Indian  islands  of  Cura^oa,  Buen  Ayre,  St.  Eusta- 
tius,  Ac,  and  the  South  American  colony  of  Dutch  Ouiana. 

The  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands  is  a  hereditary  consti- 
tutional monarchy.  The  executive  power  is  vested  wholly 
in  the  king,  who  shares  also  the  work  of  legislation  with 
the  states-general.  This  consists  of  two  chambers,  whose 
members  assemble  for  deliberation  at  the  Hague  {'S  Graven- 
haag),  the  capital  of  the  kingdom,  or,  more  correctly,  the 
royal  residence.  The  members  of  the  upper  chamber  are 
elected  by  the  wealthy  citizens ;  the  others  are  chosen  by 
vote  of  all  the  citizens,  there  being  a  small  property  quali- 
fication required  of  voters.  The  government  is  strong,  and 
the  administration  in  every  department  is  simple  and 
economical. 

The  Dutch  provinces,  taken  collectively,  form  one  of  the 
most  civilized  portions  of  Europe,  for  what  they  want  in 
social  brilliancy  and  attraction  is  made  up  by  the  general 
diffusion  of  intelligence  among  all  classes,  and  among  the 
wealthier  classes  there  is  no  want  of  solid  and  extensive 
learning.  There  are  many  schools  for  popular  instruction, 
and  3  universities,  at  Leyden,  Utrecht,  and  Groningen,  be- 
sides numerous  academies  of  an  intermediate  character. 
The  majority  of  the  population  are  Protestants  of  various 
sects,  Lutheran  and  Calvinistic,  the  latter  predominating; 
the  Mennonites  also  form  a  numerous  body.  There  are 
many  Roman  Catholics,  as  well  as  Jews  and  Old  Catholics, 
or  Jansenists.  All  religious  sects  and  persuasions  are  polit- 
ically on  a  perfectly  equal  footing.  In  their  charitable  in- 
stitutions also  the  Dutch  are  exemplary ;  and  in  the  man- 
agement of  their  poor  they  have  shown  equal  wisdom  and 
liberality. 

The  Dutch  language  is  related  to  the  Platt-Deutsch  of 
Northwestern  Germany,  and  is  nearly  identical  with  the 
Flemish.  But  in  the  N.E.  portions  of  the  country  dialects 
of  the  Frisian  tongue  are  in  popular  use.  The  German  and 
Walloon  languages  are  used  somewhat  in  the  south.  The 
Dutch  is  softer  in  sound  than  the  High  German,  and  pos- 
sesses immense  resources  in  its  copiousness,  flexibility,  and 
the  facility  of  forming  new  terms  from  native  roots.  The 
literature  of  the  Netherlands  reaches  a  long  way  back; 
many  chronicles  exist  in  it  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
centuries ;  and  as  to  the  value  of  that  literature,  it  will  be 
suflSciently  warranted  by  pointing  to  the  names  of  the  great 
writers  which  the  country  has  produced.  Dutch  literature 
has  generally  a  sober  and  solid  character;  but  it  is  not  defi- 
cient in  the  grace,  novelty,  and  vivid  coloring  which  render 
even  the  gravest  themes  attractive.  The  fine  arts,  and  es- 
pecially painting,  have  long  been  cultivated  in  the  Nether- 
lands with  eminent  success. 

The  Batavi  (or  Batavians)  were  already  known  to  the 
Komans,  in  the  time  of  Julius  Caesar,  as  a  warlike  nation. 
Their  neighbors,  the  Belgse,  seem  to  have  been  distin- 
guished, even  in  that  early  age,  for  that  inclination  to  com- 
merce which  afterwards  exerted  such  an  influence  on  the 
history  of  the  Netherlands.  It  was  in  the  year  9  B.C.  that 
Drusus  joined  the  Rhine  and  Yssel  by  a  canal  (now  called 
the  New  Yssel).  Under  Adrian  and  Septimius  Severus  the 
Batavi  shared  the  imperial  favor.  About  the  beginning  of 
the  fourth  century  they  united  with  the  Frisians,  a  people 
of  kindred  origin.  The  sixth  century  witnessed  their  sub- 
jugation by  the  Franks ;  and  in  the  middle  of  the  ninth 
they  were  incorporated  in  the  empire  founded  by  Charle- 
magne. Afterwards  the  country  was  parcelled  out  into 
small  principalities,  in  accordance  with  the  feudal  spirit  of 
the  age.  Among  these  petty  states  Flanders  held  the  fore- 
most rank ;  and  when,  in  the  fourteenth  century,  the  estates 
of  the  Count  of  Flanders  passed,  by  matrimonial  alliance, 
to  the  house  of  Burgundy,  the  paramount  authority  in  the 
Netherlands  passed  with  them.  In  like  manner,  these  estates 
passed  from  the  house  of  Burgundy  to  that  of  Austria,  and 
Charles  V.  inherited  the  sovereignty  of  the  Seventeen  Prov- 
inces. But  his  son  and  successor,  Philip  II.,  having  deeply 
offended  the  people,  seven  of  the  states,  namely,  Holland, 
Zealand,  Utrecht,  Gelderland,  Overyssel,  Groningen,  and 
Friesland,  united  in  defence  of  their  liberties,  and  formed 
a  federal  republic,  at  the  head  of  which  they  placed,  with 
the  title  of  Statthouder  (Stadtholder),  William  of  Nassau, 
Prince  of  Orange.  At  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century 
the  Dutch  gained  possession  of  the  Molucca  Islands,  and 
secured  a  monopoly  of  the  spice-trade.  At  the  end  of  the 
seventeenth  century  they  owned  nearly  half  of  the  ship- 
ping of  Europe ;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  wars  in  which 
they  were  engaged,  and   the   increase   of  the  mercantile  1 


navies  of  other  countries,  they  lost  their  commercial  pre- 
eminence. The  country  was  invaded  by  Louis  XIV,,  but 
the  inhabitants,  taking  refuge  in  their  shipping,  broke  down 
the  dikes,  and  he  was  compelled  to  retire.  It  was  con- 
c^uered  by  the  French  at  the  commencement  of  the  revolu- 
tion, and  in  1795  it  formed  the  Batavian  Republic.  It  was 
erected  into  the  Kingdom  of  Holland  in  1806,  but  in  1810 
became  incorporated  with  the  French  Empire.  In  the  mean 
time  its  commerce  was  nearly  annihilated,  and  the  Dutch 
colonial  possessions  were  seized  by  the  British.  At  the  es- 
tablishment of  peace  in  1814  the  Prince  of  Orange  resumed 
his  authority,  and  the  colonial  possessions,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Ceylon,  Demerara,  Esae- 
q^uibo,  and  Beroice,  were  restored,  and  a  period  of  commer- 
cial prosperity  succeeded.  By  the  act  of  the  Allied  Powers 
the  Prince  of  Orange  was  in  1816  elevated  to  the  rank  of 
King  of  the  Netherlands,  with  increased  territories,  extend- 
ing over  the  present  kingdom  of  Belgium.  In  1830  a  re- 
volt took  place  in  Belgium,  the  inhabitants  of  which  never 
willingly  submitted  to  the  sway  of  their  Dutch  neighbors, 
and,  after  a  short  struggle,  the  latter  were  compelled  to 
evacuate  the  country.  Belgium  was  then  erected  into  a 
kingdom ;  and  the  present  limits  of  the  Kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands  were  defined  by  treaty  in  1833.  But  the 
province  of  Limburg  was  partly  under  the  control  of  the 
German  Confederation  until  1866,  since  which  time  it  has 

been  on  the  same  footing  as  the  other  Dutch  provinces. 

Adj.  Netherlandish  and  Dutch;  inhab.  Dutchmah.  See 
Holland. 

Netherlands  Indies,  a  name  applied  collectively  to 
the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  East  Indies,  including  Java, 
Madura,  Banca,  Sumatra,  Bingtang,  Billiton,  Celebes,  the 
Moluccas,  Bali,  Lombok,  and  many  minor  islands,  and  parts 
of  Borneo,  Papua,  and  Timor.  Total  area,  719,674  square 
miles.     Pop.  (1889)  29,765,031. 

Neth'er  Prov'tdence,  a  post-township  of  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1448. 

Nether's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Va^  20  milee 
from  Culpeper.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Neth'erthong,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  miles 
S.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop.  1092. 

Nethon,  Pic,  Pyrenees.    See  Pic  Nethou. 

Net'Iey,  a  village  of  England,  in  Hants,  3  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Southampton,  noted  for  the  ruins  of  its  abbey 
and  for  its  military  hospital  and  army  medical  school. 

Neto,  nd,'to,  or  Nieto,  ne-k'to  (ano.  NeKthut),  a  small 
river  in  the  S.  of  Italy,  falls  into  the  Golf  of  Taranto  near 
39°  15'  N.  lat. 

Netolitz,  ni'to-litz\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Budweis.     Pop.  2638. 

Nettkow,  nftt'kov,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  gov- 
ernment of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  1163. 

Net'tleborough,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Net'tle  Car'rier,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Nettle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co..  111.,  in 
Nettle  Creek  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Morris.  The 
township  contains  several  churches.     Pop.  916. 

Nettle  Creek,  township,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    P.  1459. 

Nettle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Dalton  township,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Nettle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa. 

Nettle  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Nettle  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Williams  co.,  0. 

Nettle  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Net'tleton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Edwards  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  k  Santa  F6  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Lamed. 

Nettleton,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  ChilH- 
oothe. 

Nettstal,  nStt'stil,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switxerland, 
canton  and  1  mile  N.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2558. 

Nettuno,  nfit-too'no,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rome.  It  has  the  ruins  of  a  temple 
of  Neptune  (whence  its  name),  and  is  supposed  to  ocoupj 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Cm'no.     Pop.  2165. 

Netuni,  the  ancient  name  of  Noro. 

Netze,  nSt'sfh,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the  Warta  6 
miles  E.  of  Landsberg.     Total  course,  about  140  miles. 

Netzschkau,  ndtsh'kdw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Zwickau.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods 
and  paper.     Pop.  3278. 

Nen,  noi,  or  Nenen,  noi'^n,  a  German  word,  signify- 
ing "new,"  prefixed  to  the  names  of  many  places  in  Ger- 
many, as  Nku-Mabkt,  "  new  market,"  Nbd-Buro,  "  new 
castle,"  Ao. 


JVEU 


1950 


J\EU 


Neu  Arad,  noi  i'rlt  (Hun.  Uj  Arad,  oo'e  Sr^Sd'),  lies 
across  the  river  from  Alt  Arad,  in  the  banat  of  Temesvar, 
and  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  extensive  fortress,  one  of 
the  strongest  in  Hungary,  and  used  also  as  a  prison. 

Neubau,  noi'bSw,  a  western  suburb  of  Vienna,  in  Aus- 
tria.    Pop.  75,664. 

Neu-Bidschow,  Austria.    See  Bidschow. 

Neu-Bistritz,  noi-bis'trits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  3420. 

Nenbourg,  nuh^booR',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Eure,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  2186. 

Neu-Brandenburg,  noi-brin'den-bSSao^  a  town  of 
Meeklenburg-Strelitz,  on  Lake  Tollen,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Neu-Strelitz.  It  has  a  ducal  palace,  several  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  chemical  products,  playing- 
cards,  cottons,  and  woollens.     Pop.  7495. 

Nen^Breisacb,  noi-bri'z4k  (Pr.  Neuf-Briaach,  ntrf 
bree^zlk'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  near  the  Khine,  opposite  Brei- 
sach,  on  the  Colmar-Preiburg  Railway,  and  on  the  Rhone 
Canal.     Pop.  2772. 

Neubrnnn,  noi'br53n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  near  Heidenfeld.     Pop.  1224. 

Nen'burg  (Ger.  pron.  noi'b53RG),  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Swabia,  formerly  capital  of  a  duchy  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Danube,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augsburg.  It 
has  remains  of  ancient  fortifications,  a  castle  containing  a 
theatre  and  museum,  an  arsenal,  barracks,  a  church  with  a 
fine  painting  by  Rubens,  a  royal  institute,  and  several  su- 
perior schools,  breweries,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  7291. 

Neuburg,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  near  the  Rhine, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1538. 

Neuch&tel,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.  See  NeufchItel. 

Neuchatel,  noo-sha-tel',  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  cc, 
Kansas,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  347. 

Neudamm,  noi'd&mm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3380. 

Neudek,  noi'dfik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.  of 
Elbogen,  on  the  Rohla,  with  two  castles.     Pop.  2865. 

Nendenau,  noi'dQh-n5w\  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Jaxt,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Wimpfen.     Pop.  1225. 

Neudorf,  noi'doRf,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  9  miles  S. 
of  Vienna.     Pop.  1677. 

Neudorf,  a  village  of  Austria,  Moravia,  circle  of  Hra- 
diseh.     Pop.  1887. 

Neudorf,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  KSnigsfkld. 

Neudorf)  a  town  of  North  Hungary.     See  Iqlo. 

Neuenbnrg,  noi'§n-bSSRG^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4712. 

Neuenbnrg)  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Bnz,  27 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1890. 

Neuenburg,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1271. 

Neuenbiirg,  Switzerland.     See  NeupchItel. 

Neuendorf,  noi'^n-donr,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
2  miles  N.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2754. 

Neueneck,  or  Neuenegg,  noi'^n-SkS  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2333. 

Nenenhaus,  noi'?n-h5wss\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1418. 

Neuenkirchen,  noi'^n-kggRK^^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1419. 

Nenenkirchen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  37 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1380. 

Neuenrade,  noi'^n-riM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 14  miles  S.AV.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1572. 

Nenenstadt,orNeuenstadt-am-Kocher,noi'9n- 
Biitt'  im  ko'K§r,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Kocher,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1452. 

Nenenstadt,  the  German  for  Neuveville. 

Neuenstein,  noi'^n-stine*,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Eppach,  31  miles  N.W.  of  EUwangen.     Pop.  1490. 

Neuerburg,  noi'^r-bSSRO^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Treves.     Pop.  1532. 

Neuern,  noi'?rn,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  SSn't^r, 
two  contiguous  small  towns  of  Bohemia,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Klattau.     United  pop.  1371. 

Nenfahrwasser,  noi'faR-Ms^s§r,  a  village  of  West 
Prussia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  W.  arm  of  the  Vistula,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Dantzic,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  It  has  a 
light-house,  and  is  defended  by  a  fort.     Pop.  3968. 

Neuf-Brisach,  a  town  of  Alsace.  See  Neu-Breisach. 

Neufch&tean,  nursha.Ho',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vosges,  on  the  Mouzon,  near  the  Meuse,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Epinal.  Pop.  3920.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens,  doe- 
skins, and  cotton  quilts. 


Neufchateau,  nurshaHS',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Bastogne.     Pop.  1895. 

Neufchatel,  or  Neucbdtel,  nnsh^i^til'  (Ger.  Neuen- 
burg,  noi'§n-b55RG*),  a  frontier  canton  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Switzerland,  having  on  the  S.E.  the  Lake  of  Neufchatel, 
and  on  other  sides  France  and  the  cantons  of  Bern  and 
Vaud.  Area,  281  square  miles.  Pop.  108,153,  mostly  Prot- 
estants. The  Jura  Mountains  intersect  it  from  S.  to  N., 
and  the  river  Doubs  bounds  it  on  the  N.W.  Except  wine, 
kitchen  vegetables,  and  hay,  the  vegetable  products  are  in- 
sufficient for  home  consumption ;  com  is  imported  from  th« 
cantons  of  Bern  and  Basel.  Many  cattle  are  reared,  and 
cheese  is  an  important  export.  Many  of  the  inhabitants 
are  more  or  less  employed  in  watchmaking,  in  both  the 
urban  and  rural  districts.  Cotton  fabrics,  hosiery,  cutlery, 
and  metallic  wares  generally  are  the  other  chief  manufac- 
tures. Until  1848  Neufchatel  acknowledged  the  sovereignty 
of  Prussia,  but,  a  revolution  having  then  occurred,  it  is  now 
a  full  member  of  the  Swiss  Confederation.  The  principal 
towns  are  Neufchatel,  the  capital,  Chaux-de-Fonds,  and 
Locle.     The  French  language  is  prevalent. 

Nenfch&tel  (Ger.  Neuenburg,  noi'^n-bdSRG*),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above  canton,  on  the  N.W.  shore 
of  Lake  Neufchatel,  25  miles  W.  of  Bern.  It  has  an  an- 
cient castle,  a  cathedral  of  the  twelfth  century,  a  town 
hall,  with  a  public  library,  an  orphan  asylum,  founded  in 
1722,  several  hospitals,  a  college,  and  a  collection  of  natural 
history.  It  is  the  chief  entrepdt  of  the  canton,  and  has 
considerable  trade  in  wine,  corn,  cattle,  watches,  lace,  cotton 
stuffs,  Ac.    Pop.  (1893)  16,772.    See  Lake  op  NbupchItel. 

Neufch&tel-en-Bray,  nu8h^i*t4r-6N"-bri,  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Seine-Inf6rieure,  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Rouen,  on  the  B^thune,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to 
Calais.  Pop.  3586.  It  is  famed  for  its  cheese,  in  which, 
with  butter  and  flour,  it  has  a  considerable  trade. 

NenfTen,  noiff^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  1914. 

Nenfra^  noi'fri,  a  town  of  Pnusia,  in  Hohenzollern,  on 
the  Fehl.     Pop.  1184. 

Neu  Freienwalde,  Prussia.    See  Frbienwalde. 

Neugedein,  noi'gh§h-dine\  or  Kdynie,  kdin'y&,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  W.  of  Klattau.  Pop.  1988.  It 
has  important  woollen-manufactures. 

Neuguen,  or  Neuque.    See  Diamante. 

Nen-Haldensleben,  Prussia.     See  Haldenslebbit. 

Neuhaus,noi'hdw8s,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Tabor.  Pop.  8650.  It  has  a  handsome  palace  of  Count 
Czemin,  a  Jesuit  college,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
linen,  and  paper. 

Neubans,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  40  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Lippe.     Pop.  2038. 

Nenhans,  a  town  of  Prussia,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Stade. 
with  a  port  on  the  Oste.     Pop.  1569. 

Neuh£insel,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Ersek-Ujvau. 

Neuhausen,  noi'hSw^z^n,  or  Neuhausen  -  auf  • 
den-Fildern,  noi'h5w^z?n  6wf  dfin  fil'd^rn,  a  town  of 
Wurtemberg,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  2646. 

Neuhausen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Erm« 
N.W.  of  Urach.     Pop.  1282. 

Neuhausen,  or  Neuhausen-ob-Eck,  noi'hSw^z^n 
ob  fik,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  miles  E.  of  Tuttlingen. 

Neuhof,  noi'h&f,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  N.  of  Czaslau, 
with  a  magnificent  castle,  surrounded  with  fine  gardens, 
and  possessing  a  library  of  25,000  volumes.     Pop.  1342. 

Neu  Holitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Holiti. 

Neu  Hrozinkan,  noi  h'ro'zin-k5w\  a  village  of  Mo- 
ravia, 48  miles  from  Weisskirchen.     Pop.  3050. 

NeuiIl6-Pont-Pierre,  nuh^yi'-p6N«>'-pe-aiR',  a  vil- 
lage  of  France,  Indre-et-Loire,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tours. 

Neuilly,  ntjh^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne, 
6  miles  E.  of  Langres.     Pop.  1212. 

Neuilly-en-Thelle,  nuh*yee'fiK»-t411,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Oise,  13  miles  W.  of  Senlis.     Pop.  1982. 

Neuilly-le-R6al,  ntrh^yee'-leh-rA^il',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Allier,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1553. 

Neuiliy-le-Vendin,  nuh^yee'-l^h-vfiNaM&N"',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1427. 

Neuilly- Saint-Front,  nuh^yee'-saN"-fr6N>»,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Chateau-Thierry. 

Neuilly-  sur-  Seine,  nuh^yee'-siiR-sin,  a  town  of 
France,  department  and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine, 
here  crossed  by  a  noble  stone  bridge  of  five  arches,  1^  miles 
from  the  W.  extremity  of  Paris,  and  on  the  road  to  Saint- 
Germain.  Pop.  20,781.  It  has  a  handsome  church,  fine 
modern  villas,  and  picturesque  well-wooded  suburbs.  The 
royal  chateau  of  Neuilly,  built  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XV., 
was  the  favorite  summer  residence  of  Louis  Philippe,  but 


NEU 


1951 


NEU 


waH  destroyed  during  the  revolution  of  1848.  The  park 
extends  some  distance  along  the  right  bank  of  the  nver. 
Here  are  dye-works,  distilleries,  nurseries,  and  manufactures 
of  chemical  products,  porcelain,  colors,  and  preserves. 

Neu-Isenburgj  noi-ee'z^n-bSSRO^  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  13  milea  N.  of  Darmstadt. 
Pop.  4432.     It  was  founded  by  French  colonists  in  1700. 

Neukalen^noi'k&UQn,  atownof  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
26  miles  E.  of  Gustrow.     Pop.  2333. 

Neukirch)  noi'kgeRK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Leobschutz.     Pop.  1052. 

Neukirchf  four  small  villages  and  parishes  of  Switzer- 
land, the  largest  in  the  canton  of  Thurgau.     Pop.  2653. 

Nenkirch,  Niedeb,  nee'd^r,  and  Ober,  o'b^r,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  government  and  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1479. 

Neukirchen^  noi'kggRk^^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Grenft,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ziegenhain.     Pop.  1657. 

Neukloster^  noi'klosHer,  a  village  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Wismar.     Pop.  1605. 

Neu-Kolin,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Kolin. 

Neiilerchenfeld,  Austria.     See  Lerchenfeld. 

Neulise,  nuh^leez',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  7  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1259. 

Neu-Lissa;  noi-lis's&,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3450. 

Nea-IjUblaa,  the  German  name  of  Lublo. 

Neamagen,  noi'mi-gh^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1494. 

Neu-Mamajesztie,  noi-mi-mi-yesh'tee,  a  village  of 
Austria,  in  Bukowina.     Pop.  2203. 

Neamansdorp,  Netherlands.    See  Buitensluis. 

Neumark,  noi'maRk,  a  walled  town  of  West  Prussia, 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Drewenz.    Pop.  2371. 

Neumark,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  and  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1390. 

Nenmarkt,  uoi'maRkt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  19 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  5531.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Neumarkt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Sulz,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  4600.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  manufactures  of  silk  and  tobacco. 

Neumarkt,  Transylvania.    See  MAROs-VisARHELY. 

Neumarkt  (It.  Egna,  fin'yi),  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Botzen,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  1476. 

Neumiinster,  noi'miin^st^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiel,  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop. 
L0,10S.  It  has  manufactures  of  shoes,  cloth  gloves,  buttons, 
spirits,  beer,  &c. 

Neunburg>Tor-dem-Wald)  noin'b65RS-voB-d4m- 
^41t,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ratisbon. 
Pop.  2262. 

Neundorf,  noin'doRf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Buntzlau.     Pop.  1050. 

Neundorf,  Gross,  groce  noin'doRf,  a  village  of  Prus- 
Bian  Silesia,  government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Neisse.  P.  1339. 

Neu-Nechanitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.   See  Nechanitz. 

Neunkirch)  noin'kSgRK,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  6  miles  W.  of  Schaflfhausen.     Pop.  1537. 

Neunkirchen,  noin'kggRK^^n,  or  Oberneunkirch- 
en,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Treves. 
It  has  a  coal-mine,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  fus- 
tian, iron,  Ac.     Pop.  11,169. 

Neunkirchen,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Neustadt,  on  the  railway  to  Glocknitz.     Pop.  4575. 

Neupaka,  noi^p&'k&,  or  Paka,  p&'k&,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 57  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  4485,  mostly  em- 
ployed in  cotton-faotories. 

Neu-Pozig,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Weisswasseb. 

Neuque,  Argentine  Republic.     See  Diamante. 

Neurenburg,  the  Dutch  name  of  Nuremberg. 

Neureusch,  noi'roish,  written  also  Nowarzisse,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  6  miles  from  Scheletau.     Pop.  1000. 

Neurode,  noi'ro-d^h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  46 
miles  S.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  6497.  It  has  an  ancient  cas- 
tle, and  manufactures  of  flannels,  woollens,  and  linens.  It 
has  also  coal-mines. 

Nea-Ruppin,  noi-r56p-peen'  (♦'.«.,  "New  Ruppm"),  a 
town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  W.  side 
of  Lake  Ruppin,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  12,470. 
It  has  a  castle,  a  large  and  fine  church,  a  council  hall,  a 
gymnasium,  hospital,  prison,  barracks,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  stuffs,  gloves,  leather,  tobacco,  and  chicoory.  Its 
trade  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the  Rappin  Canal  between 
the  Havel  and  the  Rhine. 

Nensalz,  noi'silts,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  48  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Oder.  Pop.  5895.  It  has  docks 
and  manufactures  of  linen  and  lace. 


Nen-SandeCf  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Sahdxo. 

Neusatz,  noi's&ts  (Han.  Vjvidik,  oo^ee-vee^daik'),  » 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdos,  on  the  Danube,  opposito 
Peterwardein,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a  bridge  of 
boats.  In  the  war  of  1849  it  was  almost  completely  de- 
stroyed, but  is  now  rebuilt  and  prosperous.  It  is  strongly 
fortified,  and  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see.     Pop.  19,119. 

Neuschlott,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  Nyslott. 

Neu-SchottIand«  the  German  name  of  Nota  Scotia. 

Neuse,  nuss,  a  river  of  North  Carolina,  rises  near  the 
N.  border  of  Orange  co.,  and  runs  southeastward  through 
the  COS.  of  Wake,  Johnston,  Wayne,  Lenoir,  and  Craven. 
It  enters  the  W.  part  of  Pamlico  Sound  through  an  estuary 
which  is  about  30  miles  long  and  3  or  4  miles  wide.  It  la 
nearly  300  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  by  steamboats  from 
its  mouth  to  Goldsborough.  Below  this  place  it  runs 
through  a  level  and  sandy  country.  Small  boats  can 
ascend  to  Smithville. 

Neuse,  a  post-office  of  Wake  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the  Nense 
River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Raleigh. 

Neu-Seeland,  the  German  name  of  New  Zealand. 

Neu-Shehr,  n&-oo^-shSh'r',  written  also  Nemb> 
Shehr,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  120  miles  N.E.  of 
Konieh.  Lat.  38°  37'  N.;  Ion.  34°  37'  E.  It  stands  at  the 
height  of  3940  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  with  a  bold 
ravine  in  front,  and  a  background  of  high  cliffs  of  volcanio 
rock,  containing  about  3000  houses,  2  large  mosques,  a 
Greek  church,  and  a  quadrangular  castle  with  round  towera 
at  the  corners.     Pop.  15,000. 

Neusiedl,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  of  Neusiedl. 

Neusiedl-am-See,  noi'seed'1-im-si  (Hun.  Nezider, 
ni^zee^dair'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Wieselburg,  on  the 
Lake  of  Neusiedl,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  2411. 

Neusohl)  noi'zol  (Hun.  Beaztereze-Banya,  bSss^tfiBt'si' 
bin'ySh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Sohl, 
on  the  Gran,  at  the  influx  of  the  Bistritz,  80  miles  N.  of 
Pesth.  Lat.  48°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  3'  E.  Pop.  3600,  or,  with 
adjoining  villages,  11,780,  nearly  half  of  whom  are  Prot- 
estants. It  has  an  ancient  castle,  numerous  churches,  in 
one  of  which  is  a  bell  weighing  5  tons,  a  hospital,  Roman 
Catholic  and  Lutheran  colleges,  several  superior  schools, 
manufactures  of  sword-blades  and  beet-root  sugar,  a  con- 
siderable trade  in  linens  and  beer,  and  one  of  the  largest 
smelting-houses  in  Hungary,  it  being  the  seat  of  a  mining 
council  and  tribunal.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

NensSy  noiss  (anc.  Nove'tium,  or  No'va  Gat'tra),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  at 
a  railway  junction,  on  a  canal  which  joins  the  Rhine.  Pop. 
15,364.  It  has  numerous  manufactories  of  woollen  and 
cotton  cloths,  hardware,  machinery,  starch,  leather,  dyes, 
ribbons,  and  velvets.  In  451  it  was  sacked  by  Attila;  in 
1254  it  joined  the  Hanseatic  League.  In  its  vicinity  nu- 
merous urns  and  Roman  medals  have  been  found. 

Neustadt,  noi'stitt,  or  Wiener-Neustadt,  ^ee'- 
n^r-noi'stitt,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  13  miles  S.  of 
Vienna,  near  the  Hungarian  frontier,  on  the  railway  to 
Gratz,  on  the  small  river  Kerbach,  and  on  the  canal  to 
Vienna.  Lat.  47°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  13'  E.  The  town  U 
regularly  built,  surrounded  by  walls  and  entered  by  four 
gates.  It  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  emperors,  and 
has  a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth  century  with  two  tall 
towers,  an  old  royal  castle,  a  gymnasium,  a  Cistercian 
abbey  with  a  library  and  museums,  military  academy,  ex- 
tensive sugar-refineries,  cotton-manufactures,  breweries,  and 
paper-mills.     Pop.  (1890)  26,324. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube, 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1728. 

Neustadt,  noi'stitt,  or  Nowemiesto,  no-vfim-yta'to, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  N.E.  of  KSniggrati.    P.  2162. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Brunswick,  on  the  Hariburg  Rail- 
way, 24  miles  S.  of  Brunswick.     Pop.  1965. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  Baden,  on  two  small 
rivers,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2289. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
on  the  Elde,  18  milea  S.S.B.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  1559. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Hungary,    See  Naoy  Bamya. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  a  railway,  13  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  4498. 

Neustadt,  or  Weinersfrei,  ♦i'^rs-frr,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Dantiio.     Pop.  4506. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Naaaan,  17  milea 
E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1948. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  In  Holstein,  on  the  Baltio, 
18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lubeck,  with  a  harbor  for  small  veaaeta, 
and  some  trade  and  ship-building.     Pop.  4205. 

Neustadt,  nu'stit  or  noi'stitt,  or  Prudnik,  prCfirf' 


NEU 


1952 


NE\ 


nik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  and  29  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Oppeln.  It  is  tolerably  well  built,  and  has  a  Protestant 
and  3  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue,  2  hospitals, 
a  convent,  and  extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  12,515. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  32  miles  E.  of 
Cologne.     Pop.  1549. 

>eustadt)  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  2  miles  N.  of 
Magdeburg,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  24,093. 

Nenstadt)  a  town  of  Transylvania,  near  Kronstadt. 
Pop.  2206. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Kocher,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1905. 

Neustadt,  nu'stJt,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Saugeen  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Dur- 
ham. It  has  several  stores  and  hotels,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, a  brewery,  woollen-factory,  carding-  and  flaz-miUs,  a 
foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  650. 

Neustadt,  Switzerland.     See  Villknepve. 

Xenstadt>am-Rubenberge,  noi'st&tt  &m  roo'b^n- 
bjRg^^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Hanover,  on 
the  Leine.     Pop.  2314. 

Nenstadt-au-der-Aisch,  noi'st&tt  &n  ddn  ish,  a 
lown  of  Bavaria,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  3086. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  2  castles,  and  manufactures 
of  leather  and  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths. 

Nenstadt-an-der'Hardt«  noi'st&tt  &n  d^R  haRtt,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  12  miles  N.  of  Landau.  Pop. 
10,222.  It  has  manufactures  of  muskets,  paper,  woollen 
cloth,  chemicals,  and  vinegar,  and  oil-  and  gunpowder-mills. 

Neustadt-an-der-Heide;  noi'st&tt  &n  d^R  hi'd^h, 
a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Saze-Coburg,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Coburg.     Pop.  3207. 

Nenstadt-an-der-Orla,  noi'st&tt  &n  ddR  or'I&,  a 
town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of  Saxe- Weimar,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Orla,  an  affluent  of  the  Saale.  Pop. 
4816.  It  has  a  ducal  residence,  and  manufactures  of  wool- 
len cloths,  linens,  and  leather. 

Neustadt-an-der-Saale,  noi'st&tt  &n  ddr  s&'l^h,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Wiirzburg. 
Pop.  2202. 

Neustadt-an-der- Waldnab,  noi'stitt  in  dfiR  ♦ilt'- 
nib,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Baireuth.  P.  1449. 

Neustadt-bei-Stolpen,  noi'st&tt  b!  stol'p^n,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  21  miles  E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Polenz.    P.  2982. 

Neustadt-Eberswalde,  noi'st&tt  ^'b^rs-^ird^h,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Finnow 
Canal,  24  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  10,483,  em- 
ployed in  manufactures  of  porcelain,  ivory-,  brass-,  iron-, 
and  steel-wares,  and  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Neast£ldtel-bei-Schneeberg,  noi'stdt-t^l  bl  shn&'- 
bfiRG,  a  town  of  Saxony,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau.  P.  3319. 

Neustadt!  (Bohemian,  Nowymiesto,  no-vim-yfis'to),  a 
town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Iglau.  Pop.  2218.  It 
has  a  castle  and  iron-mines. 

Neust&dtl,  noi'stfitt'l  (Hun.  Kiszueza  Ujhely,  kis^soo^- 
A'zi^  oo^ee^hfii'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Trentschin,  45 
miles  N.  of  Kremnitz. 

Nenst&dtl,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1956. 

Neust&dtl-an-der-Waag,  noi'stitt'l  in  d8R  ♦ig 
(Hun.  Vagh  Ujhely,  vig  oo^ee^hfil'),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  and  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.  Pop. 
6451.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  woollen  cloth. 

Neust£ldtI-RudoIphswerth,  noi'stStt'l  roo'dolfs- 
♦aiRt\  or  Novomes'to,  a  town  of  Austria,  38  miles  S.E. 
of  Laybach,  on  the  Gurk.     Pop.  1850. 

NeustettiU)  noi^stSt-teen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coslin.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  leather,  hats,  serge,  &c.     Pop.  6937. 

Neustift,  noi'stift,  a  town  of  Tyrol,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
tnnspruck.     Pop.  1241. 

Neu-StrelitZ)  noi  stri'lits,  a  town  of  Germany,  capi- 
tal of  the  grand  duchy  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  between 
Lakes  Zierker  and  Glombeck,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin. 
Pop.  8525.  It  is  the  usual  residence  of  the  grand  duke  and 
court,  and  has  a  theatre,  college,  mint,  and  other  govern- 
ment offices,  a  public  library,  and  a  collection  of  antiquities. 

Neustria,  or  Neustrie^  France.    See  Normandy. 

Neuteich,  noi'tiK  (Polish,  Nitych,  nee'tiK),  a  town  of 
West  Prussia,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Dantric.     Pop.  2024. 

Neutitschein,  noi'tit-shine^  or  Nowy-Gyrin,  no'- 
^e-ghlr'in,  a  town  of  Moravia,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prerau. 
Pop.  8645,  many  of  whom  are  employed  in  woollen-weaving 
and  making  flannel.     Near  it  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Neutra,  noi'tri  (Hun.  iVi/i«ra,  nee'trSh^  or  nyeo'trSh^), 
A  river  of  Hungary,  flows  circuitously  S.S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Waag  on  the  left.     Length,  about  100  miles. 


Neutra,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Neutra,  46  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Presburg.  Pop.  10,683.  It  has  a  strong  castle, 
a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  gymnasium. 

Neutra,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N.  and  N.W. 
by  Moravia.     Capital,  Neutra.     Pop.  361,005. 

Neutral  (nu'tral)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co., 
Kansas,  44  miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Neutral  Station,  Kansas.    See  Brush  Creek. 

Neu-Treptow,  noi  trfip'tSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Pomerania,  on  the  Rega,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Col- 
berg.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  6724. 

Neu-Ulm,  noi  oolm,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube, 
opposite  Ulm  in  Wiirtemberg.  It  has  manufactures  of 
chemical  products.     Pop.  6930. 

Neuve-Eglise,  ncv-i^gleez',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Cantal,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Flour.     Pop.  2000. 

Neuveville,  nuvVeel'  (Ger.  Neuen»tadt,  noi'^n-stitt*), 
a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the  N.W.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Bienne,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bienne.  Pop.  2022. 

Neuvic,  nnhVeek',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corrftze,  12 
miles  S.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1075. 

Neuvic,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- Yienne,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1911. 

Neuville,  nuh^veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1883. 

Neuville,  or  Neuville-au-Bois,  nuhVeel'  5  bwi,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans. 

Neuville,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  arrondissement 
of  Cambrai.     Pop.  of  commune,  4324. 

Neuville-sur-Saone,  nuhVeel'  siiR  s5n,  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Rhdne,  on  the  Sadne,  10  miles  N. 
of  Lyons.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  foulards,  cotton 
goods,  and  flour.     Pop.  3207. 

Neuvilly,  nuhVee^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2636. 

Nenvy,  nuhVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sadne-et- Loire, 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charolles.     Pop.  1200. 

Neuvy,  nuhVee'  or  new've,  a  village  in  Harrington 
township,  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  near  the  New  York  state  line,  22  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.  It  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  French  immigrants, 
and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  artificial  flowers,  lace 
paper,  and  covered  wire.  The  name  of  the  nearest  post- 
office  is  Norwood. 

Neuvy-le-Roi,  nuhVee'  l^h  rwI,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-et-Loire,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1459. 

Neuvy-Saint-S6pulcre,  nuhVee'  siN*  sa^pUlkV,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Indre,  8i  miles  W.  of  La  Chfttre. 

Neuvy- Sautour,  nuhVee'  sO'tooB',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Yonne,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Tonnerre.     Pop.  1469. 

Neuvy-sur-Loire,  nuhWee'  sUr  IwaR,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Nidvre,  near  the  Loire,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cosne. 

Neuwalde,  noi'^^iPd^h,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Neisse.     Pop.  1251. 

Neuwarp,  noi'waRp,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania^ 
26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2231. 

Neuwedel,  noi'^iM^l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 78  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2995. 

Neuweier,  noi'<>^i-§r,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Mid- 
dle Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Biihl.     Pop.  1344. 

Neuwied,  nu'weed  or  noi'^^eet,  called  also  Wied- 
Neuwied,  ^eet  noi'^eet,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine. 
Pop.  9474.  It  was  founded  early  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  is  well  built.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  ancient 
castle  of  the  Counts  of  Wied,  with  a  museum  of  natural 
history,  a  library,  and  extensive  gardens,  various  churches, 
a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  several  pri- 
vate boarding  and  educational  establishments,  a  library, 
and  a  prosperous  Moravian  establishment.  It  has  also  a 
collection  of  Roman  antiquities. 

Neuzen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Terneuse. 

Ne'va  (Rus.  pron.  ni-vi'),  an  important  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  St.  Petersburg,  connecting  Lake  Ladoga 
with  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Length,  40  miles,  from  Schllis- 
selburg,  on  the  former,  to  St.  Petersburg,  at  the  head  of 
the  latter,  which  city  it  separates  from  its  N.  suburbs; 
breadth,  1500  feet;  depth  in  the  channel,  about  60  feet. 
It  is  the  great  medium  of  communication  between  the  in- 
ternal parts  of  North  Russia  and  the  sea,  though  usually 
frozen  up  from  October  to  April.  It  has  been  found  to  carry 
into  the  gulf  116,000  cubic  feet  of  water  in  a  second. 

Neva,  a  river  of  East  Russia.     See  Neiva. 

Nevada,  ni-vi'Di,  Nevado,  ni-vi'oo,  a  Spanish  word 
signifying  "  snow-clad,"  and  forming  a  part  of  the  name 
of  various  mountains  in  Spain  and  Spanish  America ;  aa> 
Sierra  Nevada,  "  snow-clad  ridge." 


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Nevada^  ne-vah'da,  one  of  the  Pacific  states  of  the 
American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  Oregon  and  Idaho,  E.  by 
Utah  and  Arizona,  S.W.  and  W.  by  California.  Excepting 
small  areas  in  the  N.,  which  are  drained  by  affluents  of  the 
Columbia,  and  a  small  section  in  the  S.,  whence  the  water 
flows  into  the  Rio  Colorado,  all  the  state  belongs  to  the  so- 
called  Great  Basin,  or  Fremont  Basin,  a  region  whose  scanty 
waters  do  not  flow  to  the  sea.  The  northern  border  of  the 
state  is  in  lat.  42°  N. ;  the  eastern  limit  is,  for  the  most 
part,  the  meridian  of  114°  W.  long. ;  and  southward  for 
more  than  200  miles  from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  the 
meridian  of  120°  W.  is  the  western  boundary -line.  At  the 
extreme  S.E.  the  Rio  Colorado  for  some  distance  divides 
Nevada  from  Arizona.     Area,  110,700  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  "  Great  Basin"  is  in  reality  a 
series  of  long,  narrow  basins,  running  N.  and  S.,  and  sepa- 
rated from  one  another  by  nigged,  steep,  and,  in  some  cases, 
lofty  mountains.  Such  are  the  East  Humboldt  Mountains, 
the  Goshoot,  Ungoweah,  White  Pine,  Pifion,  Toyabe,  Hum- 
boldt, Santa  Rosa,  Quinn's  River,  Lookout,  Trinity,  An- 
telope, Rabbit  Hole,  Pancake,  Pine  Nut,  Desert,  Opal, 
Spring,  Las  Vegas,  Quartz,  Sedave,  Toano,  Diamond,  Pe- 
quop.  Granite,  Shell  Creek,  Torsarr,  and  other  ranges, 
mostly  short,  and  in  many  cases  traversed  by  deep  and 
convenient  passes,  while  the  intermediate  valleys  are  fre- 
quently broad  deserts,  where  grow  the  grease-wood  and 
sage-brush  and  other  scanty  herbage;  in  other  cases  they 
are  narrow  canons,  or,  again,  they  are  the  basins  of  shallow 
lakes,  fed  by  the  mountain-snows. 

Hydrography. — Dividing  diagonally  the  mountain-ranges 
and  valleys  sweeps  the  small  river  Humboldt  in  a  general 
S.W.  course  for  some  380  miles.  It  is  remarkable  as  fur- 
nishing the  only  available  E.  and  W.  valley  in  the  state, 
and  this  valley  determines  the  course  of  the  Central  Pacific 
Railroad.  This  river  is  also  remarkable  for  its  alkaline 
waters.  All  the  streams  of  the  state  are  small,  and,  except- 
ing the  Bruner,  Owyhee,  Ac,  in  the  N.  (which  flow  into  the 
Snake  River  northward),  and  the  Virgin,  Beaver  Dam, 
Muddy,  and  Vegas  Rivers  in  the  S.,  which  are  tributaries 
of  the  Colorado,  all  the  rivers  of  Nevada  end  in  lakes  or 
"  sinks,"  the  latter  being  marshy  spots  in  the  desert  sands. 
Most  of  the  lakes  are  either  alkaline  or  saline,  and  some 
are  composed  of  highly  complex  and  even  caustic  solutions, 
but  a  few  are  salt.  Of  the  fresh  lakes  many  are  shallow 
and  overgrown  with  the  tule,  or  reed  {Scirpua  validua). 

Agricultural  and  Pastoral  Resources,  Climate,  Vegeta- 
tion, &c. — It  is  its  scanty  rainfall,  rather  than  poverty  of 
soil,  that  gives  Nevada  the  reputation  of  being  a  desert, 
for,  in  cases  where  irrigation  is  practicable,  even  the 
alkaline  plains  in  many  instances  have  proved  very  pro- 
ductive. In  the  better-settled  districts  considerable  quan- 
tities of  spring  wheat,  barley,  oats,  potatoes,  butter,  wool, 
garden  vegetables,  Ac,  are  supplied.  Much  hay  is  cut 
upon  the  marshy  river-bottoms  and  in  some  of  the  upland 
valleys,  whose  bottom-lands  afford  excellent  blue-joint 
( Triticum  repens)  and  red -top  for  hay,  while  the  uplands 
and  plains  have  excellent  sand-grass  and  bunch-grass 
{Eriocoma,  Ac.)  for  grazing.  The  valued  white  sage,  or 
"winter-fat"  {Eurotia  lanata),  affords  the  best  of  winter 
pasturage.  For  this  reason,  Nevada,  in  spite  of  its  sharp 
winter  climate  (due  to  its  considerable  elevation,  almost 
nowhere  less  than  4000  feet)  and  its  parched  and  arid  soil, 
has  already  proved  a  profitable  region  for  the  stock-raiser, 
horned  cattle  fattening  readily  without  grain,  so  rich  is 
the  stunted  herbage.  In  the  extreme  S.  cotton  and  sub- 
tropical fruits,  like  the  orange,  do  very  well.  The  flora  of 
the  state  is  of  a  very  marked  character.  Timber  trees  are 
nowhere  very  abundant.  The  white  pine  (a  fir,  entirely  dis- 
tinct from  the  Eastern  white  pine)  is  extensively  cut  for 
timber;  and  the  great  advance  of  mining  and  smelting 
operations  has  already  stripped  many  of  the  mountains  of 
their  scanty  forest  growth,  so  great  has  been  the  demand 
for  timber  and  fuel.  Considering  her  scanty  population, 
the  agricultural  productions  of  Nevada  are  generous,  and 
the  quantity  might  be  greatly  increased. 

Interesting  experiments  have  been  undertaken,  with 
great  promise  of  success,  in  the  breeding  of  the  Cashmere 
and  Angora  goats,  whose  wool,  called  mohair,  is  highly 
prized.  A  few  camels  and  dromedaries  have  been  em- 
ployed in  carrying  freights,  and  they  are  reported  to  have 
bred  freely,  and  to  be  fairly  adapted  to  the  climatic  and 
other  conditions  of  Nevada. 

Geology,  Mineral  Wealth. — Many  of  the  geological  ages, 
from  the  primordial  or  eozoic  to  the  tertiary  and  quater- 
nary, are  nere  represented,  the  outcrops  of  the  older  forma- 
tions, chiefly  azoic  and  Silurian,  appearing  in  and  upon  the 
mountain -ranges.     Not  a  few  evidences  of  comparatively 


recent  volcanic  action  are  present  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  state,  besides  which  the  strata  are  extensively  disturbed 
by  much  more  ancient  dikes  of  plutonic  rock. 

For  years  Nevada  was  the  leading  state  in  the  value  of 
her  metallic  products,  and  in  1875  she  yielded  somewhat 
more  gold  and  silver  than  all  the  rest  of  North  America. 
In  that  year  her  product  of  precious  metals  (mainly  silver) 
was  valued  at  $40,478,369.  Under  Virginia  City  and  Gold 
Hill  lies  the  famous  Comstock  Lode  of  silver-  and  gold-bear- 
ing quartz,  once  the  most  profitable  mining  deposit  in  the 
world.  There  are  in  some  mining  districts  rich  and  easily- 
reduced  argentiferous  galenas.  Besides  the  silver-,  gold-, 
and  lead-product,  copper  ores,  borax,  and  lime-borate  are 
obtained  largely.  There  are  unlimited,  and  as  yet  almost 
untouched,  supplies  of  native  sulphur,  soda,  potash 
salts,  rock  salt,  pyritic  compounds,  arsenical  ores,  marble, 
granite,  alabaster,  slate,  and  other  valuable  minerals. 
The  most  widely  distributed  of  all  the  ores  appear  to  be 
the  silver-bearing  lead  and  quartz  deposits.  These  are 
met  with  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  state.  There  is 
also  some  lignite,  of  which  not  much  is  wrought  at  present. 
Peat  has  been  cut  on  the  Great  Humboldt  meadows  and 
elsewhere.  Good  coal  is  reported  to  exist  near  Hamilton. 
Mineral  and  thermal  waters  abound. 

Manufactures. — Of  these  the  milling  and  smelting  of 
ores  and  the  sawing  of  lumber  are  as  yet  the  only  im- 
portant industries.  Lumber-sawing  has  been  largely  car- 
ried on  in  the  mountains,  but  has  declined,  owing  to  the 
swift  consumption  of  all  available  timber.  The  Carson 
River  and  other  mountain-streams  furnish  water-power. 

Counties. — Nevaila  is  divided  into  14  counties,  as  follows : 
Charohill,  Douglas,  Elko,  Esmeralda,  Eureka,  Humboldt, 
Lander,  Lincoln,  Lyon,  Nye,  Ormsby,  Storey,  Washoe,  and 
White  Pine.  The  principal  towns  are  Austin,  Carson  City, 
the  capital,  Eureka,  Tuscarora,  Winnemucca,  Hamilton, 
Pioche,  Reno,  and  Virginia  City,  which  is  the  largest  city 
in  the  state.  Some  towns  which  a  few  years  since  were 
thriving  are  now  abandoned,  on  account  of  the  failure  of 
mining  enterprises,  and  since  1880  there  has  been  a  marked 
decline  in  the  population  of  the  state. 

Railroads  have  contributed  much  to  the  development  of 
the  state,  especially  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  which 
gives  Nevada  ready  communication  with  the  E.  and  with 
San  Francisco,  bringing  in  supplies  and  carrying  out  the 
mineral  products  of  the  state.  In  1867  there  were  30  miles 
of  railroad  in  Nevada;  in  1870,  593  miles;  in  1880,  739 
miles ;  in  1890,  923  miles,  of  which  494  belonged  to  the 
Central  Pacific.  The  other  important  roads  are  the  Virginia 
&  Truckee,  the  Carson  &  Colorado,  the  Nevada  Central,  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade,  the  Ruby  Hill,  the  Nevada  &  California, 
the  Dayton,  Sutro  &  Carson  Valley,  and  the  Lake  Tahoe. 

Constitution,  &c. — The  constitution  was  adopted  in  1866. 
The  governor  is  chosen  for  four  years.  The  legislature 
consists  of  a  senate  of  20  members  and  an  assembly  of  40. 
Sessions  of  the  legislature  are  iiiennial  and  limited  to  60 
days.  Judges  are  elected,  and  serve  for  fixed  terms. 
Voters  must  have  resided  for  six  months  in  Nevada,  and 
for  thirty  days  in  the  district  or  county  where  they  vote. 
The  state  has  three  electoral  votes,  and  sends  one  member 
to  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  There  are  state  prisons  at 
Carson  City  and  Reno,  and  a  state  orphanage  at  Carson  City. 

Education. — Public  schools  are  maintained  by  general 
and  local  taxes,  state  apportionments,  rate-bills,  and  the 
avails  of  a  permanent  school  fund.  The  school  system  is 
tinder  the  charge  of  a  state  board  of  education  and  three 
state  and  county  superintendents.  There  are  a  few  public 
high  schools,  and  at  Reno  the  state  university  was  opened 
in  1887.  The  attendance  has  steadily  increased,  and  ita 
progress  has  been  encouraging. 

Indians. — The  aboriginals  are  mainly  of  Piute,  Shoshone, 
and  other  kindred  stock.  They  number  1652,  and,  notwith- 
standing their  degraded  condition  when  first  known  to 
white  men,  they  have  generally  been  disposed  to  adopt 
habits  of  industry.  They  have  been  placed  on  reservations, 
but  their  numbers  have  rapidly  decreased. 

Finances. — The  state  debt  in  1890  amounted  to  $579,- 
887.8.3,  of  which  $380,000  was  in  irredeemable  four-per- 
cent, bonds,  held  by  the  school  fund.  There  are  in  the 
school  fund  also  $142,000  four-per-cent.  redeemable  state 
bonds,  and  the  bonds  held  by  the  university  fund  amount 
to  $49,000.  The  total  value  of  property  (real  and  personal) 
was  $24,663,384.57. 

History. — This  state  was,  in  the  main,  made  up  of  a  part 
of  California  which  was  called  "  the  Washoe  country,"  to 
which  a  large  area  from  Utah  was  attached  when,  in  1861, 
Nevada  was  organized  as  a  territory.  In  1864  the  state 
was  admitted  to  the  Union,  and  in  1866  received  ita  preeenk 


NEV 


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limits.  Daring  the  war  of  1861-65,  Nevada,  being  but 
Boantily  peopled,  sent  few  troops  to  the  field,  but  she  was 
eminently  loyal,  and  upon  one  occasion  her  citizens  sent 
$51,500  in  silver  bricks  to  the  Sanitary  Commission.  The 
great  Sutro  Tunnel,  designed  to  afford  drainage  and  access 
to  the  mines  of  the  Comstock  lode,  was  completed  in  1879. 
The  Population  in  1860  was  6857;  in  1870,  42,491;  in 
1875,  53,640;  in  1880,  62,266;  in  1890,  46,761. 

Nevada,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas.  Area, 
616  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Little 
Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  Cypress  Bayou  and  Terre 
Rouge  Creek.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  Staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  <k  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Prescott. 
Pop.  in  1880,  12,959;  in  1890,  14,832. 

Nevada,  a  county  of  California,  borders  on  the  state 
of  Nevada.  Area,  estimated  at  1050  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Middle  Yuba  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  the  South  Yuba  and  Bear  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  mountainous  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  evergreen  trees,  including  the  fir  and 
pine.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is  fertile.  The 
great  Sierra  Nevada  traverses  the  eastern  part  of  this 
county  and  presents  grand  mountain-scenery.  Among  its 
beautiful  features  is  Donner  Lake,  a  favorite  summer  re- 
sort. Gold  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export, 
exceeding  that  of  any  other  county  of  the  state.  Granite 
and  limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Nevada  County 
Narrow  Guage  Railroad.  Capital,  Nevada  City.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,134;  in  1880,  20,823;  in  1890,  17,369. 

Nevada,  or  Nevada  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  hilly  region  about  60  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Sacramento,  4  or  5  miles  N.E.  of  Grass  Valley,  and  33 
miles  E.  of  Marysville.  It  contains  5  churches,  graded 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  a  number  of  brick  mercantile  houses.  The  Nevada 
County  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Colfax.  Here  are  rich 
mines  of  gold,  which  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Nevada 
has  a  healthy  climate,  and  is  surrounded  by  grand  moun- 
tain-scenery.    Pop.  in  1890,  2624. 

Nevada  (Bald  Mountain  Post-Offloe),  a  mining  village 
of  Gilpin  CO.,  Col.,  on  the  E.  slope  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, about  2  miles  from  Central  City.  It  is  about  8500  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  lodge, 
&Q.  Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz  rook.  Zinc  blende  and 
copper  are  also  found  here.     Fop.  973. 

Nevada,  a  post-village  in  Nevada  township,  Livingston 
00.,  III.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  81 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  7i  miles  W.  of  Dwight.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  877. 

Nevada,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  on  Wild  Cat 
Creek,  and  on  tne  railroad  which  connects  Logansport  with 
Anderson,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logansport. 

Nevada,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  124. 

Nevada,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Nevada  township,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Chicago  &, 
Northwestern  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown,  and 
about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  fertile,  undulating  prairie.  It  contains  a  new  court- 
house, 3  newspaper  offices,  2  banking-houses,  a  graded 
school,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, a  soap-faotory,  and  2  elevators  for  grain.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1662 ;  of  the  township,  2237. 

Nevada,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  131. 

Nevada,  a  hamlet  in  Nevada  township.  Mower  co., 
Minn.,  1 1  miles  S.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Osage, 
Iowa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  867. 

Nevada,  Grundy  co.,  Mo.     See  Alpha. 

Nevada,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  situated 
on  a  rolling  prairie,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <t  Texas  Rail- 
road (main  line),  90  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia,  and  21  miles 
E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kansas.  It  has  a  court-house,  several 
churches,  a  bank,  2  flouring-mills,  and  offices  which  issue 

3  daily  and  5  weekly  periodicals.     Pop.  (1890)  7262. 
Nevada,  a  post-village  in  Eden  and  Antrim  townships, 

Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Crestline,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Upper 
Sandusky.    It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 

4  churches,  a  planing-mill,  a  brick-yard,  Ac.    P.  (1890)  802. 
Nevada  City,  a  town  of  California.     See  Nevada. 
Nevada  City,  a  small  mining  village  of  Madison  co., 

Montana,  2  or  3  miles  N.W.  of  Virginia  City.  Here  are 
gold-mines  in  Alder  Gulch.  Its  prosperity  has  declined 
since  1865,  when  the  pop.  was  nearly  5000. 

Nevada  Fall,  California,  a  cataract  of  the  Meroed 


River,  near  the  upper  end  of  the  Ycemite  Valley,  ranked 
as  one  of  the  finest  waterfalls  in  the  world.  It  is  about  I 
mile  above  the  Vernal  Fall. 

Nevada  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind,,  22 
miles  N.  of  Waterloo.     It  has  flour-  and  saw -mills. 

Nevada  y  Motilones,  n&-v&'d&  ee  mo-te-lo'nAs,  a 
former  national  territory  of  the  republic  of  Colombia. 
Pop.  3673. 

Nevel,  or  Newel,  ni-vfil',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  and  54  miles  N.  of  Vitebsk.     Pop.  6032. 

Nevele,  ni'vi-l^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 8  miles  W.  of  Ghent.     P^.  3277. 

Nevereno,  Shawano  oo.,  Wis.    See  Navarino. 

Nevers,  neh-vaiR'  (anc.  Noviodu'num),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Ni^vre,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Loire,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  20  arches,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Nidvre,  and  at  the  head  of  the 
Branch  Railway  du  Centre,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bourges. 
Lat.  46°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  E.  Pop.  20,601.  It  ha«  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce,  a  library  of  7000  volumes,  a  normal 
school,  a  lyc6e  or  college,  a  fine  cathedral,  manufactures 
of  iron  and  steel  goods,  porcelain,  jewelry,  chemical  prod- 
ucts, and  leather,  and  a  cannon-foundry.  Previous  to 
1789  Nevers  was  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Nivernois. 
In  its  vicinity  are  the  forges  of  Fourchambault,  the  copper- 
works  of  Imphy,  and  the  foundry  of  La  Chaussade.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see. 

Neversink,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Neversink  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about 

34  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church,  and  1  or  2 
lumber-mills.  The  township  exports  lumber,  hoop-poles, 
and  leather,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2345. 

Nev'ersink  (or  Nev'isink)  River,  Monmouth  oo., 
N.J.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Sandy  Hook  Bay 
about  7  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch.     See  Navasink. 

Neversink,  a  station  in  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Reading. 

Neversink  Hills,  New  Jersey.    See  Highlands. 

N6vez,  nAV4',  a  village  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  of  commune,  2344. 

Neviano-degli-Arduini,  n4-ve-&'no  ddl'yee  an- 
doo-ee'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Parma. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5283. 

Neviges,  ni've-gh^s,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government 
and  E.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2637. 

Nev'il  Bay,  British  America,  is  an  inlet  on  the  W. 
side  of  Hudson  Bay. 

Neville,  n&VeeV,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1688. 

Neville,  nev'il,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  oo.^  0.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  33  miles  above 
Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  422. 

Neville,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  289. 

Nev'ille  Port,  an  inlet  of  North  America,  N.  of  Van 
oouver  Island.     Lat.  50°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  W. 

Nev'in,  or  Nefyn,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  on  the 
Bay  of  Carnarvon,  5i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pwllheli.     P.  1791. 

Nevin,  Highland  oo.,  0.    See  Danville. 

Nev'ins,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Paris. 

Nevins,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1299.  It 
contains  Fountain  Station. 

Nev'inville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Col- 
ony township,  about  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Nev'is,  a  British  West  India  island,  in  lat.  17°  14'  N., 
Ion.  63°  3'  W.  It  belongs  to  the  Leeward  Islands  colony, 
but  has  its  own  legislature,  and  for  some  of  the  purposes  of 
administration  it  is  associated  with  St.  Kitt's.  It  is  4  miles 
long  and  3  miles  in  breadth.  It  forms  a  single  mountain 
3200  feet  high,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile 
of  the  Antilles.  Capital,  Charlestown.  Pop.  11,735. 

Nev'is,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Orillia.     Pop.  200. 

Nevisink,  New  Jersey.     See  Natasink. 

Nevisink  River.    See  Neversink  River. 

New,  a  post-office  of  Oconto  co..  Wis. 

Newahy,  ni-w&'hee,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and 

35  miles  S.E.  of  Jeypoor,  on  an  abrupt  rock,  near  the 
strong  fort  of  Narghur.     Lat.  26°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  44'  E. 

New  Al'ba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Decorah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  nursery. 

New  Albany,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Floyd 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  convergence  of 
several  railroads,  nearly  opposite  Louisville,  Ky.,  about  180 
miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.,  and  115  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Indianapolis.     It  has  wide  and  straight  streets,  which  ar« 


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lighted  with  electricity  and  gas  and  are  traversed  by  electric 
street-cars.  It  contains  a  court-house,  about  20  churches, 
4  national  banks,  2  high  schools,  several  large  public 
school-houses,  numerous  handsome  residences,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers. 
It  is  the  seat  of  De  Pauw  College  (under  the  Indiana 
Methodist  Conference),  which  was  organized  in  1860.  Ita 
industrial  establishments  embrace  2  manufactories  of  cut- 
lery and  edge-tools,  3  of  engines  and  boilers,  1  of  window- 
glass  and  plate-glass,  3  rolling-mills,  a  large  woollen-fac- 
tory, several  flouring-mills,  planing-mills,  Ac.  Two  bridges 
across  the  Ohio  River  connect  New  Albany  with  Louisville, 
and  electric  cars  reach  the  beautiful  residence  suburb  of 
Silver  Hills.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,423;  in  1890,  21,059. 

New  Albany,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     P.  827. 

New  Albany,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Fall  River,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Humboldt.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Albany,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Tallahatchee  River,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of 
Holly  Springs,  and  85  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  steam  mill. 

NeAV  Albany,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
'Jinnaminson  township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden.  It  has 
a  church. 

New  Albany,  a  village  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.,  about  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

New  Albany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in 
Green  township,  3  miles  from  Salem.     Pop.  100. 

New  Albany,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Sullivan  &  Brie  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Bernice,  and  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  4  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Al'bia,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

New  Al'bin,  a  post-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  26  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2 
churches. 

NeAV  Albion,  il'be-gn,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  New  Albion  township,  about  44  miles  S.  of 
Buffalo,  and  3  miles  from  Cattaraugus.  It  has  a  saw-mill. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  contains 
a  larger  village,  named  Cattaraugus,  and  a  pop.  of  1584. 

New  Albion,  the  name  formerly  given  by  Sir  F.  Drake 
to  California  and  part  of  the  coast  of  Oregon,  limited  to 
that  part  of  the  coast  extending  from  lat.  43°  to  48°  N. 

New  Alexan'der,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0., 
about  22  miles  E.  of  Canton.  • 

NeAV  Alexan'dria,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0., 
in  Cross  Creek  township,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  7i 
miles  S.W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  167. 

New  Alexandria,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Loyalhanna  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Latrobe,  and 
about  33  miles  B.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  305. 

New  Almaaen,  &l-m&-den',  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Clara  co.,  Cal.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  San  Jos^.  It  was  for- 
merly noted  for  its  mine  of  quicksilver  (cinnabar  j,  which 
is  said  to  have  been  at  one  time  the  most  productive  in  the 
United  States,  its  product  sometimes  being  valued  at  nearly 
a  half-million  of  dollars  per  annum,  and  giving  emploj'- 
ment  to  500  men. 

New  Alme'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norton  co.,  Kan.,  near 
the  head-waters  of  Solomon  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Norton,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Lenora,  which  is  a  terminus  of 
a  branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway. 

New  Alresford,  England.     See  Alrespord. 

New  Alsace,  il'sass,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co., 
Ind.,  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  brewery 
and  3  general  stores. 

NeAV  Alsace,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  oo.. 
Mo.,  5  miles  from  Barrett's  Station. 

NeAV  Am'sterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  by  land  S.W.  of 
New  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Amsterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Crosse  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  Black  River,  about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  La  Crosse. 

New  Amsterdam,  a  town  of  British  Guiana,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Berbice,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Canje 
River,  lat.  6°  14'  51"  N.,  Ion.  67°  31'  8"  W.  It  was  origi- 
nally founded  by  the  Datoh.  The  houses  are  built  of  wood, 
and  the  town  is  intersected  by  canals.     Pop.  5437. 

New  An'nan,  a  post-settlement  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  French  River,  14  miles  from  Folly  Lake. 
Copper  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  freestone-quarries 
are  worked  to  a  large  extent.     Pop.  600. 

NeAV  An'tioch,  a  post- village  in  Green  township,  Clin- 


ton CO.,  0.,  about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  nas  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  storeti.     Pop.  300. 

New  Arca'dia,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Eansaa, 
60  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

New'ark,  or  Newark-npon-Trent,  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough  and  town  of  England,  co.  and 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Nottingham,  on  a  railway  thence  to  Lin 
coin,  also  on  the  line  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  and 
on  the  Newark  River,  a  navigable  branch  of  the  Trent.  It 
has  a  spacious  market-place,  a  town  hall,  an  elegant  church, 
and  places  of  worship  for  most  of  the  various  sects,  a 
grammar-school,  several  almshouses  and  various  other 
charities,  a  large  linen-manufactory,  and  a  trade  in  corn, 
coal,  cattle,  wool,  malt,  and  flour.  Large  and  commodious 
wharves  have  been  constructed  on  the  Trent,  which  afford 
facilities  for  navigation.  On  the  N.W.  of  the  town  are  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  now  a  stately  ruin ;  in  it  King 
John  died  in  1216.  Newark  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  14,571. 

NeAv'ark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co..  Cat.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  machine-shop. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Branch  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches, 
an  academy,  a  national  bank,  and  the  Delaware  College 
(non-sectarian),  which  was  organized  in  1870.  Newark  has 
also  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen 
mill,  and  2  carriage- shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1191. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co.,  III.,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  2  miles  S.  of  Millington  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  the  Fowler  Institute,  and  2  drug-etores. 
Pop.  in  1890,  390. 

Newark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Newark,  post-township,  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  116. 

Newark,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  513. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  at  Queponco  Station,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Snow  Hill,  and  about  3  miles  from  Chincoteague  Sound.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  general  stores. 

NcAvark,  a  post-township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  about 
40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lansing,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ithaca, 
part  of  which  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  1130. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  near  the 
South  Fabius  River,  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  364. 

NeAvark,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  about  4  miles  from 
its  entrance  into  Newark  Bay,  and  9  miles  from  New  York 
City,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  5  railroads.  Lat.  40° 
45'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  10'  W.  It  is  the  largest  city  in  the  state. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  wide,  straight  streets  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles,  the  principal  of  these— Broad 
street  and  Market  street — intersecting  each  other  at  about 
the  centre  of  the  city.  There  are  in  all  about  194  miles  of 
improved  streets,  of  which  some  53  miles  are  paved  and  98 
miles  are  sewered.  Three  large  public  squares  front  on 
Broad  street,  all  adorned  with  stately  elm-  and  maple-treea 
and  illuminated  at  night  by  electric  lights.  The  streets 
are  also  brilliantly  lighted  by  electricity  and  gas.  In  189 J 
the  city  introduced  a  new  water  supply  from  the  N.W. 
section  of  the  state  at  a  cost  of  $6,000,000.  Chief  of  the 
public  buildings  are  the  home  of  the  Prudential  Life  In- 
surance Company,  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Bank  streets, 
constructed  of  gray  stone,  13  stories  high,  fire-proof,  and 
equipped  with  the  latest  devices  for  convenience  and  luxury  ; 
the  United  States  government  building,  of  Indiana  stone, 
for  the  post-office  and  custom-house ;  the  Fidelity  Title  and 
Deposit  Company's  building,  of  red  granite,  The  Free  Li- 
brary, and  several  new  and  elegant  church  edifices. 

The  railroads  which  connect  Newark  with  New  York  are 
the  Pennsylvania,  the  New  Jersey  Central,  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  West- 
ern, and  the  New  York  terminal  branch  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley.  There  is  also  a  steamboat  line  to  New  York,  and 
the  Morris  Canal,  from  the  Pennsylvania  coal-fields,  runs 
through  the  city  on  its  way  to  the  Hudson  River.  Street 
railroads  traverse  the  leading  thoroughfares  and  extend  to 
all  the  suburban  towns,  electric  power  being  principally  in 
use.  An  electric  road  is  also  about  to  connect  Newark  with 
Jersey  City. 

The  educational  facilities  are  of  the  best.  The  free  public 
schools  have  large  brick  houses  in  each  of  the  15  wards, 
with  a  high  school  in  the  centre.  The  number  of  children 
enrolled  is  26,650.     The  annual  expense  is  over  $500,000, 


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of  which  $369,033  is  received  from  the  state  and  about 
140,000  from  the  city.  There  are  also  many  private  schools, 
of  which  the  Newark  Academy  is  the  oldest  and  best  known. 
The  New  Jersey  Historical  Society,  with  its  library  and 
relics,  has  its  headquarters  here.  There  are  6  daily  news- 
papers, 2  of  which  are  German,  and  a  large  number  of 
weekly  and  other  periodicals.  Three  theatres  also  afford 
nightly  entertainments.  The  religious  classes,  which  em- 
brace almost  every  denomination,  have  upwards  of  100 
houses  of  worship.  Of  these,  23  are  Presbyterian,  22 
Methodist,  20  Eoman  Catholic  (including  a  cathedral),  14 
Episcopal,  14  Baptist,  10  Reformed,  3  Lutheran,  2  Congre- 
gational, 4  Jewish  synagogues,  2  Swedenborgian,  and  1 
Universalist.  The  benevolent  institutions  are  also  numer- 
ous, including  an  extensive  asylum  for  the  insane,  4  hos- 
pitals, an  eye  and  ear  infirmary,  the  Female  Charitable 
Society,  the  Foster  Home  for  indigent  children,  the  orphan 
asylum,  homes  for  aged  men  and  women,  the  City  Home 
for  the  reform  of  juvenile  delinquents,  a  bureau  of  asso- 
ciated charities,  an  exchange  for  women's  work,  a  Chris- 
tian Association,  societies  for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to 
animals  and  children,  and  a  soldiers'  home,  the  latter  sup- 
ported by  the  government.  The  financial  institutions  in- 
clude 9  national  banks  and  2  under  state  charters,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  about  $3,000,000 ;  5  savings  institu- 
tions, 2  life  insurance  companies,  4  fire  insurance  compa- 
nies, an  industrial  insurance  company,  a  credit  system 
insurance  company,  and  a  title  guarantee  and  safe  deposit 
company.  There  are  many  social  and  political  clubs,  Free- 
masons' lodges,  and  mutual  aid  societies  of  every  kind. 

The  prosperity  and  rapid  growth  of  the  city  is  due  to  its 
manufactures,  which  embrace  every  variety  and  find  mar- 
kets in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Among  the  most  extensive 
of  these  are  thread,  chemicals,  jewelry,  leather,  machinery, 
trunks  and  bags,  clothing,  harness,  boots  and  shoes,  zino 
and  iron,  sewing-machines,  india-rubber,  besides  the  prod- 
ucts of  a  large  number  of  extensive  breweries.  There  are  2 
gas-light  companies,  an  electric  light  and  power  company, 
and  several  factories  for  the  supply  of  electrical  apparatus. 
Newark  was  settled  in  1666  by  a  company  from  New  Haven 
and  other  towns  in  Connecticut.  Pop.  in  1830,  10,950;  in 
1850,  38,983;  in  1860,  71,914;  in  1870,  105,059;  in  1880, 
136,508;  in  1890,  181,830;  in  1893  (estimated),  200,000. 

Newark,  a  post-village  in  Arcadia  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Brie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Sodus  Point  &  Southern 
Railroad,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester,  16  miles  S.  of  Sodus 
Point,  and  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Canandaigua.  It  con- 
tains 10  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  large  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  several  furnaces,  foundries,  and  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  2450;  in  1890.  2824. 

Newark,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  confluence  of  the  three  forks  of  the  Licking 
River,  33  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Zanesville,  and  about  60  miles  S.  of  Mansfield.  It  is  on 
the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Straitsville  division  of  that  railroad,  and  is  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A,  St.  Louis  Railroad.  It  is 
built  on  a  level  site,  and  has  wide  streets,  which  are  lighted 
with  electric  lights.  It  contains  a  court-house,  17  churches, 
a  high  school,  10  grammar  schools,  2  national  banks,  2 
other  banks,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  It  has  3  manufac- 
tories of  engines  and  boilers,  one  of  glassware,  several 
iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  Ac.  The  workshops  of  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  are  located  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 
14,270  ;  of  the  township,  15,286. 

Newark,  a  post-township,  forming  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  536. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Little 
Kanawha  River,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Parkersburg. 

Newark-upon- Trent,  England.    See  Newark. 

Newark  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Newark  Valley 
township,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  East  Owego  Creek,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Owego.  It  has  4  chur«hes,  a  graded 
school,  a  tannery,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  875;  of  the  township,  2339. 

New'arthill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  I 
mile  W.  of  Holytown.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  1530. 

New  Ash'ford,  a  post-township  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  12  miles  N.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church.  Mount 
Greylock  is  on  its  N.E.  border.     Pop.  125. 

New  Ath'ens,  a  post- village  in  Athens  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  0.,  7  miles  S.  of  Cadiz.  Here  is  the  Franklin 
College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organiied  in  1825.  New 
Athens  has  3  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  354. 


New  Auburn,  aw'bfim,  a  post-village  of  Sibley  co., 
Minn.,  in  New  Auburn  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Glencoe. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  a 
fine  lake,  3  miles  long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

New  Augusta,  Marion  oo.,  Ind.    See  Augusta. 

Newaukum,  ne-waw'kflm,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  oo., 
Washington,  on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Northern  Paoifio 
Railroad,  67  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tacoma. 

Newaygo,  ne-wa'go,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in 
the  S.  part  by  the  Muskegon  River,  which  here  runs  S.W., 
and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Marquette  and  White  Rivers, 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  lumber,  hay,  and  fft>tatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of  the  Chicago 
&  West  Michigan  Railroad,  the  main  line  of  which  con- 
nects with  Newaygo,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7294;  in 
1880,  14,688 ;  in  1890,  20,476. 

Newaygo,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich, 
in  Brooks  township,  on  the  Muskegon  River  (which  aifonls 
great  water-power),  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo 
&  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and 
22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
shingles.     Pop.  in  1890,  1330. 

New  Ba'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo..  111.,  about 
16  miles  E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  church. 

NewBajibo,  or  New  Bajiebo,  Africa.    SeeBAJiBo. 

New  Baltimore,  bawl't^-more,  a  post- village  in  Ches- 
terfield township,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  St.  Clair, 
33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of  New 
Haven  Station  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  heading,  handles,  staves,  Ac.     Pop.  about  900. 

New  Baltimore,  a  post-village  in  New  Baltimore 
township,  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson 
River,  16  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  2  or  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2669. 

New  Baltimore  (Sater  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  in  Crosby  township,  10  miles  from  Cummins- 
ville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, <kc.     Pop.  96. 

New  Baltimore,  a  post- village  in  Marlborough  town- 
ship. Stark  CO.,  0.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Canton.  It 
ha»2  churches. 

New  Baltimore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa., 
about  26  miles  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Baltimore,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

New  Baltimore  Station,  0.  See  North  Baltimore. 

New  Ban'don,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  oo.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bath- 
urst.     Pop.  125. 

New  Barbadoes,  bar-b&'dpz,  a  township  of  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.     Pop.  4929. 

New  Bava'ria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  on  the  Toledo  A  Delphos  Railroad,  4 
miles  S.  of  Holgate.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Bay,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
gate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  in  the  Bay  of  Notre  Dame, 
30  miles  from  Tilt  Cove.     Pop.  100. 

New  Bea'con,  otherwise  called  Grand  Sa'chem, 
the  highest  summit  of  the  Highlands,  is  situated  in  Dut- 
chess CO.,  New  York,  and  has  an  elevation  of  1685  feet.  It 
commands  a  very  extensive  view,  and  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  beacons  were  erected  on  its  top. 

New  Bed'ford,  a  post- village  in  Greenville  township, 
Bureau  co..  111.,  on  Green  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Ster- 
ling.    It  has  2  churches. 

New^  Bedford,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Massachu- 
setts, one  of  the  capitals  of  Bristol  co.,  is  situated  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Acushnet  River,  near  its  mouth  in  New 
Bedford  harbor,  an  arm  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  55  miles  S.  of 
Boston.  Lat.  41°  38'  N.;  Ion.  70°  56'  W.  Two  bridges, 
both  of  which  extend  to  Fairhaven,  here  cross  the  river,  and 
a  noted  drive,  called  "  French  Avenue,"  4  miles  long,  around 
Clark's  Point,  on  which  is  located  a  United  States  fort  of 
granite,  afibrds  a  fine  view  of  the  bay  and  river.  New  Bed- 
ford is  noted  for  the  elegance  of  its  private  residences,  while 
its  public  institutions  embrace  a  city  hall  (a  Doric  granite 
structure),  a  custom-house,  44  churches,  a  free  public  library 
(the  first  one  established  in  the  United  States),  masonic, 
Odd  Fellows',  and  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  halls, 
a  fine  new  post-office  building,  a  high-school  building  which 


NEW 


1957 


NEW 


cost  $126,000,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  5  national 
banks,  2  savings-banks  (with  combined  deposits  and  sur- 
plus of  about  $18,000,000),  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  Its  industrial  establish- 
ments, of  which  there  are  about  675,  employing  15,000  hands, 
whose  wages  amount  to  about  $6,250,000  annually,  embrace 
the  Wamsutta  Cotton-Mills  (capital  $3,000,000),  Aoushnet 
Cotton-Mills  ($500,000),  Bennett  Yam  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany ($700,000),  Columbia  Tarn-Spinning  Company  ($750,- 
000),  Bristol  Yarn  Manufacturing  Company  ($500,000), 
City  Cotton  Yarn  Company  ($750,000),  Grinnell  Cotton 
Manufacturing  Company  ($800,000),  Hathaway  Cotton 
Manufacturing  Company  ($800,000),  Howland  Mills  Yarn 
Company  ($1,000,000),  New  Bedford  Cotton  Yarn  Company 
($500,000),  Pierce  Cotton  Manufacturing  Company  ($600,- 
000),  Potomska  Mills  Print  Cloth  Company  ($1,200,000), 
Rotoh  Yarn-Spinning  Company  ($500,000),  with  other 
manufacturing  concerns  (cordage,  shoes,  flour,  glass,  silver- 
ware, machinery,  Ac),  which  employ  in  the  aggregate  an 
additional  capital  of  over  $6,000,000.  New  Bedford  has  an 
excellent  public-school  system,  a  board  of  trade  with  a 
membership  of  about  300,  125  miles  of  streets,  35  miles  of 
which  are  macadamized,  electric  and  horse  street-railways, 
and  an  unsurpassed  sewer  system.  Freight-steamers  ply 
between  this  city  and  New  York,  and  fast  and  elegant 
steamboats  run  hence  to  Nantucket,  Martha's  Vineyard, 
Woods  Hole,  and  other  points  in  the  vicinity.  Formerly 
(1750-1850)  New  Bedford  was  largely  engaged  in  the 
whale-fishery,  at  which  time  about  400  whaling-ships  (now 
only  about  45)  belonged  to  the  port,  the  average  annual 
importations  being  about  60,000  barrels  of  sperm  oil  and 
120,000  barrels  of  whale  oil.  Railways  connect  the  city 
with  Taunton  and  with  Fall  River.  New  Bedford  was  in- 
corporated as  a  city  in  1847.  Pop.  in  1880,  26,845 ;  in  1890, 
40,733  ;  in  1893,  52,300.     Present  pop.  55,356. 

New  Bedford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
near  Ocean  Beach,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Long  Branch. 

New  Bedford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Crawford  township, 
Coshocton  CO.,  0.,  about  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Canton. 

New  Bedford,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  4  churches. 

New'begun  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C., 
about  50  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

New  Bells'ville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind., 
about  45  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

New  Benguela,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Benqubla. 

New'berg,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville. 

New  Ber'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
St.  John's  River,  15  miles  below  Jacksonville.  It  has  a 
church.     Boats  are  built  here. 

New  Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  oo.,  111.,  6  miles  N. 
of  Pocahontas  Station,  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Here  is  Old  Ripley  Post-Office. 

New  Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  in 
New  Berlin  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  16  miles 
E.  of  Jacksonville,  and  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  about  500; 
of  the  township,  954. 

NeAV  Berlin,  a  post-village  in  New  Berlin  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  New 
Berlin  Branch  of  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, about  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Norwich.  It  contains  3  or  4  churches,  the  New  Berlin 
Academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  &c.     Pop.  836 ;  of  the  township,  2309. 

New  Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Plain 
township,  5  miles  N.  of  Canton.  It  ha«  2  churches  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Berlin,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cole- 
brookdale  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Pottstown. 

New  Berlin,  a  post-borough  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  in  a 
fertile  valley,  on  Penn's  Creek,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Lewis- 
burg,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Williamsport.  It  contains  6 
ohurches,  a  seminary,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  646. 

New  Berlin,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex. 

New^  Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Berlin  township, 
Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1707. 

New  Berlin  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  Berlin  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad, 
3  miles  S.  of  New  Berlin,  and  42  miles  N.N.B.  of  Bing- 
hamton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mUl. 

New  Berlin  Junction,  a  station  in  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  New 
Berlin  Branch,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich,  and  22  miles  S. 
of  Now  Berlin.     Nearest  post-office.  East  Guilford. 


New'bern,  or  New'berne,  a  post-village  of  Hale  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Marion  k  Memphis  Railroad,  43  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  454. 

New'bern,  or  Old  New'bern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jer- 
sey CO.,  111.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi,  and  about  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Alton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Newbem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  on 
CUfty  Creek,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

New  Bern,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  12  mile* 
N.  of  Chariton,  and  about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  190. 

Newbem,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  oo.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.  of  Abilene. 

Newbern,  township,  Dickinson  oo.,  Kansas.    Pop.  419. 

Newbem,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  Craven 
CO.,  N.C.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Neose 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Trent,  and  on  the  Atlantic  h 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  108  miles  E.S.E.  of  Raleigh,  38 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Morehead,  and  about  90  miles  N.E.  of 
Wilmington.  The  Neuse  River  is  here  nearly  2  miles  wide, 
and  is  navigable  for  steamboats.  The  chief  articles  of 
export  are  grain,  market-garden  products,  lumber,  tar,  and 
turpentine.  Newbern  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Newbern  Academy, 
manufactures  of  lumber,  cigars,  ploughs,  and  turpentine, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers.  This  town  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
state.  The  surrounding  country  is  flat,  and  has  a  sandy 
soil.     Pop.  in  1880,  6443 ;  in  1890,  7843. 

Newbern,  or  Newburn,  a  post- village  in  Washington 
township,  Shelby  co.,  0.,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Piqua,  and  '1. 
miles  W.  of  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad.     Pop.  239. 

Newbern,  a  post-village  of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  k  Paducah  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Dyersburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  normal  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
2  steam  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1236. 

Newbern,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Va., 
is  near  the  New  River,  and  2^  miles  S.  of  Dublin  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  stores. 

New'berry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Saluda,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Ennoree  River.  The 
surface  is  agreeably  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys  and 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Fine  granite  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <k  Danville  Railroad 
and  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Newberry  Court-House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,775;  in  1880,  26,497;  in  1890,  26,434. 

Newberry,  a  post-village  in  Cass  township,  Greene  c«., 
Ind.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  White  River,  about  36  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches,  2  drug-stores, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Newberry,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  Ky.,  about  66  miles 
S.  of  Danville. 

Newberry,  a  township  of  Miami  oo.,  0.  Pop.  3565. 
It  contains  Bradford,  Clayton,  and  Covington. 

Newberry,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Philadelphia 
&  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Williamsport. 

Newberry,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2412.  It 
contains  Newberrytown  and  York  Haven. 

Newberry,  or  Newberry  Conrt-House,  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.,  in  Newberry  town- 
ship, on  the  Greenville  «k  Columbia  Railroad,  47  milet 
W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  ohurobes, 
2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and  a  national  bank. 
Good  granite  abounds  here.  Newberry  is  an  important 
market  for  cotton.     P.  (1890)  3020 ;  of  the  township,  4865. 

New'berrytown,  a  post-village  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar- 
factory.     Pop.  200. 

New  Beth'lehem,  a  post-borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  Red  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  84  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1026. 

New'biggin,  or  Newbiggin-by-tne-Sea,  a  ti>wn 
of  England,  in  Northumberland,  on  the  sea,  7  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Morpeth.  It  has  oollieries  and  fisheries,  and  is  a 
sea-bathing-place.     Pop.  1137. 

NeAV  Birmingham,  0.    See  Birminoham. 

New'bliss,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Monaghan,  4  mile* 
E.S.E.  of  Clones. 


NEW 


1958 


NEW 


New'bliss,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Irish  Creek,  3  miles  from  Irish  Creek  Station.     Pop.  250. 

New  Bloom'field,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co., 
Mo.,  in  Cedar  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &, 
Alton  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has 
2  churches.     Iron  is  mined  near  this  place. 

NeAV  Bloomfield,  often  called  Bloomfield*  a  post- 
borough,  capital  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Car- 
lisle, and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.  Three 
or  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  655. 

New  Bloom'ingtoni)  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
0.,  in  Big  Island  township,  on  the  railroad  from  Galion  to 
Bellefontaine,  10  miles  W.  of  Marion. 

New  Bogy  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

New  Bonaventure,  bon^&VdnHilr',  a  fishing-hamlet 
of  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  Heart's  Content.     P.  125. 

New^'born,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  about  62 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and 
the  Palmyra  Institute. 

Newborough,  nu'bfir-riih,  or  Bed'ford  Mills,  a 
post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Leeds,  on  the  Kideau  Canal, 
38  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  12  stores,  3  hotels, 
a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  500. 

New'borough-Llan-Bedr,  Lan'bid'r,  a  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Anglesea,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Carnarvon. 

New  Bos'tou',  a  post-village  in  Thompson  township, 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the 
Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Dudley, 
Mass.,  and  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  brick-yards, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  other  mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

New  Boston,  a  post-town  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  in  New 
Boston  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Galva  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  14  miles  W. 
of  Aledo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  steam  planing-mill,  and  maiAifactures  of  wagons, 
&c.     Pop.  779;  of  the  township,  1758. 

New  Boston,  a  village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Cannelton. 

New  Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Boston,  a  post-village  in  Sandisfield  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  Farmington  River,  12  miles  N.  of 
Winsted,  Conn.,  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

New  Boston,  a  post- village  in  Huron  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

New  Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  Mus- 
cle River,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Boston,  a  post-village  in  New  Boston  township, 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord, 
and  12  miles  W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  piano-cases,  boxes, 
Ac.  The  Manchester  <fc  North  Weare  Railroad  touches  the 
N.E.  corner  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1241. 

New  Boston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pinckney  township, 
Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Deer  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Lowville. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Boston,  a  village  in  Paint  township.  Highland 
CO.,  0.,  5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hillsborough.  Pop.  111.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Dallas. 

New  Boston,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Boston,  a  post-office  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  division),  22 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Texarkana. 

New  Bradford,  White  co.,  Ind.    See  Bradford. 

New  Brain'tree,  a  post-village  in  New  Braintree 
township,  Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ware  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  606. 

New  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Central  Railroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Ocean  Grove, 
and  6  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch. 

New  Brandenburg.    See  Neu  Brandenburg. 

New  Braunfels,  brSwn'fSlz,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Comal  CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Antonio,  and  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  public  hall,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  a  woollen-mill,  an  oil-mill,  &o.   P.  (1890)  1608. 


New  Bre'men  (called  also  Bremen),  a  post-hamlet 
in  Bremen  township.  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  164. 

New  Bremen,  or  Dayansville,  a  post-village  in 
New  Bremen  township,  Lewis  co..  N.Y.,  about  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Lowville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  2  carriage- 
shops,  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber.  The  town- 
ship  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Black  River.     Pop.  2194. 

New  Bremen,  a  post-village  in  German  township, 
Auglaize  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  Canal  and  the  Lake  Erie  k 
Louisville  Railroad,  29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lima,  and  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Wapakoneta.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  plough-factory,  2  flour-mills,  an  oil-mill,  20  stores, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1870,  528;  in  1880,  1169;  in  1890,  1239. 

New'bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Kildare,  on  the  Lifi'ey. 

Newbridge,  a  village  of  Wales.    See  Pont-t-Pbidd. 

New  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga. 

New  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  partly 
in  Englewood  township,  on  the  Jersey  City  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Bridge,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Bellmore. 

New  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

New  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Pa. 

New  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Harriston.  It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills,  3 
hotels,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Newbridgeville,  nu-bry'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  York 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster. 

New  Brighton,  bri'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Richmond 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Staten  Island,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  New  York 
Bay,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Kill  van  Kull.  It  contains  9 
churches,  several  superior  hotels,  and  many  handsome  villas 
and  residences.  The  site  is  elevated,  and  commands  beauti- 
ful views  of  the  bay.  Steamboats  run  hourly  from  New 
York  to  New  Brighton,  passing  between  the  fortified  islands 
which  defend  that  metropolis.  Granite  is  found  near  this 
village.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  works  for  printing  and 
dyeing8ilk,andmanufacturesof paper, Ac.  P.(1890)  16,423. 

New  Brighton,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  3  miles  from  its  en- 
trance into  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  21  miles 
S.  of  New  Castle.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  this 
town  with  Beaver  Falls.  New  Brighton  is  the  most  popu- 
lous place  in  the  county.  It  contains  10  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and 
numerous  mills  and  factories.  The  river  here  afibrds  abun- 
dant water-power.  It  has  manufactures  of  engines,  carriages, 
machinery,  flour,  lumber,  fire-bricks,  nails,  chains,  pottery, 
coffee-mills,  rivets,  wire,  twine,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890, 5616. 

New  Britain,  brit't'n,  a  beautiful  city  of  Hartford  oo.. 
Conn.,  in  New  Britain  township,  on  the  New  York  A  New 
England  Railroad,  at  the  juuction  of  the  Berlin  Branch  of 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Waterbury. 
It  contains  14  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks, 
the  Connecticut  State  Normal  School,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  The  city  is 
lighted  with  electricity,  and  has  an  abundant  water  supply, 
a  public  park  of  72  acres,  and  in  the  centre  of  the  town  a 
square  adorned  with  trees  and  fountains.  New  Britain  has 
extensive  manufactures  of  hardware,  cutlery,  hosiery,  jew- 
elry, and  locks.  Here  is  the  Russel  A  Erwin  Company, 
whose  works  cover  5  acres  of  ground,  giving  employment  to 
600  men  and  producing  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  locks 
per  annum ;  and  here  also  is  the  American  Hosiery  Com- 
pany, said  to  be  the  most  extensive  concern  of  its  kind  in 
the  country.  Lines  of  electric  cars  run  from  this  city  to 
Plainville  and  Berlin.  Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880,  13,979 ; 
in  1890,  19,007;  in  1894  (estimated)  22,000. 

New  Britain,  a  post-village  in  New  Britain  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  29i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
200  ;  of  the  township,  1704. 

New  Britain,  a  large  island  in  the  Pacific,  off  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Papua. 

New  Brit'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Indianapolis. 

New  Brook'lyn,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  3 
miles  E.  of  Williamstown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  glass- 
factory. 

New  Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Piscataway  township,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  ft 
miles  N.E.  of  New  Brunswick. 


NEW 


1959 


NEW 


New  Browns^Tille,  or  Pen'tress,  a  hamlet  of  Mo- 
nongalia CO.,  W.  Va.,  15  miles  S.  of  Waynesburg,  Pa.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Pentresa  Po8t-Ofl5oe. 

New  Bruns'wick,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  province  of  Quebec, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  Restigoucho,  N.  by 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and 
Northumberland  Strait,  the  latter  separating  it  from  Prince 
Edward  Island,  S.  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  part  of  Nova 
Scotia,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  state  of  Maine,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  the  St.  Croix  and  St.  John  Rivers,  extend- 
ing from  lat.  45°  5'  to  48°  40'  N.,  Ion.  63°  50'  to  68°  W. 
Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  230  miles;  breadth,  190 
miles ;  area,  28,200  square  miles.  Its  coast-line  is  about 
500  miles  in  length,  interrupted  only  at  the  point  of  junc- 
tion with  Nova  Scotia,  where  an  isthmus  of  not  more  than 
11  miles  in  breadth  connects  the  two  territories  and  sepa- 
rates Northumberland  Strait  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  The 
surface  of  the  country  is  generally  flat  or  undulating,  with 
some  hills  skirting  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  the  rivers  St. 
John  and  Restigouche.  The  shores  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  and  Northumberland  Strait  abound  in  fine  ship- 
harbors  (each  at  the  mouth  of  a  considerable  river),  from 
which  is  exported  much  fine  timber.  For  about  12  miles 
inland  the  country  is  low,  and  skirted  with  marshes. 

The  face  of  the  province  is  traversed  in  all  directions  by 
navigable  rivers,  chief  of  which  is  the  St.  John,  450  miles 
in  length.  Among  the  numerous  bays  with  which  the  coast 
is  indented  are  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  on  the  N.  coast,  an  im- 
mense haven,  90  miles  in  length  and  from  12  to  25  miles 
in  breadth,  with  many  excellent  harbors ;  the  Miramichi, 
on  the  N.E. ;  and  on  the  E.,  Richibucto,  Buotouche,  Cocaigne, 
and  Shediac;  on  the  S.,  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  separating 
New  Brunswick  from  Maine;  and  on  the  S.W.,  St.  John 
Harbor  and  Chignecto  Bay.  The  lakes  are  numerous,  but 
of  small  extent.  The  principal  is  Grand  Lake,  30  miles 
long  and  2  to  7  miles  wide. 

Along  the  shores  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  and  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence  gray  sandstone  and  gray  clay-slate  predomi- 
nate, with  detached  rocks  of  granite,  quartz,  and  ironstone ; 
on  the  south  coast,  limestone,  graywacke,  clay-slate,  with 
sandstone,  interrupted  occasionally  by  gneiss,  trap,  and 
granite.  Coal  is  plentiful,  and  iron  ore  abundant.  The 
Albert  Coal-Mine  is  the  most  valuable  deposit  of  bituminous 
matter  on  this  continent,  its  product,  called  Albertite, 
affording  about  100  gallons  of  crude  oil  per  ton.  Copper 
and  manganese  also  abound.  A  large  deposit  of  the  former 
has  been  discovered  on  the  banks  of  the  Nepisiquit  River, 
which  falls  into  Bathurst  Bay,  and  another  of  plumbago 
within  half  a  mile  of  St.  John.  Gypsum,  limestone,  free- 
stone, and  grindstone  are  abundant ;  salt  springs  are  nu- 
merous, and  some  sulphurous  springs  have  been  discovered. 
The  climate  of  New  Brunswick  is  subject  to  great  ex- 
tremes of  heat  and  cold,  the  ranges  of  temperature  being 
from  20°  below  to  95°  above.  The  prevailing  summer 
winds  are  from  the  W.S.W.  and  S. ;  when  from  the  S.W., 
dense  fogs  are  often  produced  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and 
extend  from  15  to  20  miles  inland. 

A  large  portion  of  the  province  is  covered  with  dense  for- 
ests of  pine,  hackmatack,  spruce,  cedar,  &c.,  which  pro- 
vide immense  quantities  of  timber  for  export  and  ship-build- 
ing. Potatoes,  turnips,  pease,  beans,  and  other  leguminous 
plants  thrive  admirably,  but  agriculture  has  made  slow 
progress,  and  the  demand  for  food  is  far  beyond  the  supply 
raised  on  the  soil.  The  inhabitants  generally  find  it  more 
profitable  to  follow  the  lumbering  business.  The  rivers, 
lakes,  and  sea-coast  of  New  Brunswick  abound  with  fish  of 
almost  every  variety.  The  Bay  of  Chaleurs  and  Bay  of 
Fundy  are  celebrated  for  their  fisheries.  The  salmon-fish- 
eries of  New  Brunswick  are  among  the  finest  in  the  world. 
The  Buctouche,  Caraquette,  and  Cocaigne  oyster-beds  are  as 
prolific  as  they  are  famous,  and  the  finest  lobsters  are  found 
in  profusion.  Ship-building  is  extensively  prosecuted  in 
the  provinces,  more  especially  at  St.  John  and  on  the  Mira- 
michi. Vessels  are  also  built  at  St.  Andrews,  at  various 
coves  and  harbors  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  along  the  banks 
of  the  St.  John  and  Petitcodiac,  and  at  Cocaigne,  Richi- 
bucto, Bathurst,  Dalhousie,  Campbellton,  and  other  ports 
on  the  N.  shore.  The  principal  articles  manufactured  in 
New  Brunswick  are  sawn  lumoer,  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
wooden- ware  of  all  descriptions,  paper,  iron  castings,  nails, 
mill-machinery,  locomotives,  steam-engines,  Ac.  The  prin- 
cipal exports  are  fish,  timber  and  lumber,  iron,  coal,  gyp- 
sum, shooks,  hay,  <fcc.  The  chief  imports  are  wheat,  flour, 
corn  meal,  corn  and  other  grain,  salted  meats,  coffee,  sugar, 
tea,  molasses,  tobacco,  woollen,  cotton  and  silk  manufac- 
tures, fruits,  Ac 


The  province  is  traversed  by  three  or  four  imporunt 
trunk  lines  of  railway,  and  by  several  minor  lines  any 
branches,  the  whole  affording  communication  with  the 
principal  towns  of  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

Telegraph-wires  connect  New  Brunswick  with  the  United 
States  and  the  western  provinces  of  the  Dominion  on  the 
one  hand,  and  with  Nova  Sootia,  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Newfoundland,  and  Europe  on  the  other. 

The  province  (capital,  Fredericton)  is  divided  into  14 
counties,  or  districts,  the  names  of  which,  and  population 
in  1891,  are  exhibited  in  the  following  table. 


Oonntlea. 


Pop. 


Albert 

Carleton 

Charlotte 

Gloucester „... 

Kent 

Kings 

Northumberland., 

Queens 

Restigouche 

St.  John 

Sunbury , 

Victoria 

Westmoreland 

York 


T.-tal 321,294 


10,971 
22,&23 
23,761 
'Z4,9ul 
23,858 
23,094 
26,715 
12,152 

8,311 
49,574 

5,763 
18,218 
41,484 
80,979 


Capital. 


Hopewell. 

Woodstock. 

ijt.  Andrews. 

Bath  II  ret. 

Richibucto. 

Hampton. 

Newcastle. 

GttgetowD. 

Dalhouale 

St.  John. 

Oromocto. 

Grand  Falls. 

Dorchester. 

Fredericton. 


There  are  two  Roman  Catholic  dioceses  in  the  province, — 
St.  John  and  Chatham, — and  one  of  the  Church  of  England, 
that  of  Fredericton. 

New  Brunswick  devotes  annually  out  of  the  provincial 
revenue  $120,000  to  educational  objects.  The  educational 
institutions  supported  by  law  are  a  provincial  university, 
a  training  or  normal  school  for  teachers,  and  a  system  of 
common  schools  free  to  all,  ranging  from  the  primary  to 
the  grammar  or  high  school  department. 

A  large  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  emigrants  from 
Great  Britain  and  their  descendants.  There  are  a  number 
of  French  Acadians,  settled  chiefly  in  the  counties  on  the 
N.  shore  and  in  the  valley  of  the  Madawaska,  and  there 
are  also  a  few  Micmacs,  Melicites,  and  other  Indians  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  province,  and  on  the  St.  John 
River.  The  number  of  Indians  in  New  Brunswick  in  1871 
was  1403. 

The  affairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor, aided  by  an  executive  council  of  9  mem- 
bers, a  legislative  council  of  18  members,  appointed  for  life, 
and  a  house  of  assembly  of  41  representatives,  elected  every 
four  years.  The  judicial  department  comprises  a  supreme 
court,  with  a  chief  and  four  puisnl  judges,  having  law 
and  equity  jurisdiction,  one  of  marriage  and  divorce,  a 
vice-admiralty  court,  and  a  county  court  for  each  county 
in  the  province.  The  provincial  legislature  meets  at  Fred- 
ericton. 

New  Brunswick  was  first  settled  by  the  French  in  1639. 
It  continued  to  form  part,  with  Nova  Scotia,  of  Acadia,  or 
New  France,  till  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  afler 
the  conquest  of  Quebec.  The  first  British  settlers  in  the 
province  emigrated  from  Scotland  to  the  Miramichi  in 
1764;  and  in  1784  New  Brunswick  was  separated  from 
Nova  Scotia  and  erected  into  a  separate  province.  In  1867 
this  province  united  with  Ontario,  Quebeo,  and  Nova  Sootia 
in  forming  the  Canadian  Confederation :  it  is  the  fourth 
largest  province,  as  regards  population,  in  the  Dominion. 

New  Bruns'wick)  a  post^hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Harrison  township,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
a  church. 

New  Brunswick,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Middlesex  oo., 
N.J.,  is  on  the  right  and  S.  bank  of  the  Raritan  River,  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(New  York  division),  at  the  terminus  of  the  Millstone  <k 
New  Brunswick  Railroad,  31  milee  S.W.  of  New  York,  26 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Elizabeth. 
Lat.  40°  30'  N.;  Ion.  74°  28'  W.  Its  site  is  moderately 
uneven  or  hilly,  being  flat  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
river,  and  rising  rapidly  as  it  recedes.  This  town  is  the 
eastern  terminus  of  the  Delaware  A  Raritan  Canal,  whioh 
is  75  feet  wide  and  7  feet  deep  and  is  navigated  by  steam- 
boats and  sloops  of  100  to  300  tons.  Here  is  Rutgers 
College  (Reformed),  whioh  was  organized  in  1771  and  is 
richly  endowed,  and  connected  with  which  are  an  observa- 
tory, a  state  agricultural  college,  and  a  model  farm  of  100 
acres.  The  college  has  30  professors  and  about  240  students. 
New  Brunswick  contains  a  court-house,  18  churches,  a  theo- 


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1960 


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logical  seminaiy  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  church,  a  Catholic 
cathedral,  a  fine  masonic  hall,  a  public  library,  a  high  school, 
2  female  institutes,  an  opera-house,  2  national  banks,  1 
other  bank,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily  and 
5  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  important  manufactures  of 
india-rubber  goods  (for  which  there  are  3  establishments, 
said  to  be  the  most  extensive  in  the  United  States,  and 
giving  employment  to  2000  operatives),  2  paper-hangings 
factories,  and  manufactures  of  carpets,  hosiery,  shoes  (of 
which  there  are  several  establishments),  harness,  boilers, 
surgical  supplies,  cigars,  vegetable-ivory  buttons,  metal 
screws,  needles,  knitting-machines,  fertilizers,  drain-pipes, 
sash  and  blinds,  wall-paper  machinery,  &,o.  Pop.  in  1860, 
11,256;  in  1870,  15,058;  in  1880,  17,166;  in  1890,  18,603. 
New  Bu'da*  a  post-village  and  township  of  Decatur 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River.  The  vil- 
lage is  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Leon.  It  has  manufactures 
of  iron,  leather,  and  wool.     Pop.  of  the  township,  516. 

New  Buena  Vista,  bu'na  vis'ta,  a  post-village  of 
Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in  Juniata  township,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 
New  BnfialO)  a  post-office  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky. 
New  BofialOf  a  post-village  and  small  township  of 
Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Galien  River,  about  48  miles  by  water  E.  of  Chicago.  The 
village  is  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Chicago  &,  West  Michigan  Railroad,  66 
miles  (by  rail)  from  Chicago,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Niles.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  union  school. 
Fruits  and  other  products  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  683 ;  of 
the  township,  1444. 

New  BaffalO)  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.,  2 
miles  from  Loveland  Station,  which  is  2  miles  S.  of  Can- 
field.     It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  mine  of  cannel  coal. 

New  Buffalo,  a  post-borough  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  18  miles  above  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  259.  The  Northern  Central 
Railroad  is  on  the  other  bank  of  the  river. 

New'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  about 
25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Florence. 

Newbiirg,  a  post-village  of  Izard  oo..  Ark.,  about  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Batesville.     It  has  4  churches. 

Newburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Moure  oo.,  N.D.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Edgeley.  • 

Newburg,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  111.     Pop.  1060. 
Newburg,  a  village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Terre  Haute.    Coal  is  mined  here.     It  has  a  church.     Pop. 
200.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Turner. 

Newburg,  a  hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  Coal 
Greek,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  township,  Warrick 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  15  miles  by  water  or  10 
miles  by  land  above  Evansville.  It  is  the  largest  village 
in  the  county,  and  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  flour-mills, 
6  churches,  2  coal-mines,  and  5  warehouses  for  produce. 
Pop.  1464. 

Newburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  6^  miles  N.  of  Orinnell.  It  has 
a  grain -warehouse. 

Newburg,  a  village  in  Newburg  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar  River,  and  near  the  Cedar  Falls  <k 
Minnesota  Railroad,  1^  miles  from  St.  Ansgar  Station,  and 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  flouring-mill.  Pop. 
a,bout  150 ;  of  the  township,  782. 

Newburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newburg  township,  Penob- 
scot CO.,  Me.,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  church,  2  cheese-factories,  several  saw-mills, 
and  a  pop.  of  1118. 

Newburg,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near  the 
Potomac  River,  and  near  Pope's  Creek  Station,  about  38 
miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Newburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  New- 
burg township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at  Jones 
Station,  11  miles  E.  of  Ca,ssopolis.  It  has  a  church.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  a  pop.  of  1285. 

Newburg,  a  village  in  Clinton  township,  Lenawee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railroad,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Adrian. 
Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Newburg  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona,  and  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Preston.  It  has  a  church  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1058. 

NeAVburg,  a  hamlet  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  20  miles  from 
Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 
Newburg,  a  city  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Orange  oo., 


N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson 
River,  60  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  83  miles  S.  of  Albany. 
Lat.  41°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  1'  W.  The  ground  on  which  it 
is  built  rises  as  it  recedes  from  the  river  to  the  height  of 
about  300  feet,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  Highlands 
and  of  the  river,  which  is  here  li  miles  wide.  The  most 
elegant  residences  are  on  a  platea«  in  the  highest  part  of 
the  city.  The  appearance  of  the  city,  as  seen  from  the 
river,  is  highly  attractive.  A  steam  ferry  connects  it  with 
Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  which  is  on  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  Hudson  River,  and  is  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad 
at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  New  York  <k  New  England  and 
Newburg,  Dutchess  A  Connecticut  Railroads.  This  city  is 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Newburg  4  New  York  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Erie  Railroad  at  Turner's.  Another 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad  extends  from  Newburg  to  Grey- 
court.  Newburg  contains  3  national  banks,  a  free  public 
library,  28  churches,  and  it  is  the  seat  of  the  Newburg  In- 
stitute (for  boys),  which  occupies  a  fine  position  on  Seminary 
Hill.  One  Sunday,  4  daily,  and  2  semi-weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Among  the  industries  of  the  city 
are  several  tanneries,  foundries,  plaster-mills,  ship-yards, 
and  large  manufactories  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods, 
machinery,  and  flour.  The  adjacent  country  is  noted  for 
its  extensive  dairies  and  the  superior  quality  of  the  butter 
produced  in  them.  Large  quantities  of  dairy-products, 
grain,  flour,  and  coal  (which  last  is  brought  from  Pennsyl- 
vania) are  shipped  here.  Newburg  was  the  theatre  of  im- 
portant events  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  Here,  at  "  Wash- 
ington's Head-Quarters,"  a  stone  mansion,  now  owned  by 
the  state  and  visited  by  thousands  of  persons  annually,  the 
American  army  was  'disbanded,  June  23, 1783,  after  a  treaty 
of  peace  had  been  concluded.  This  city  was  incorporated 
in  1866.  Pop.  in  1890,  23,087;  of  Newburg  township,  ex- 
cluding the  city,  4543. 

Newburg,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Gaines- 
ville township,  i  mile  from  Rock  Glen  Station. 

Newburg,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co„  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  k  Pittsourg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mahoning  di- 
vision of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Cleveland,  of  which  city  it  now  constitutes  the  18th 
ward.  It  contains  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  founded  by 
the  state,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  10  churches,  and  1  or 
2  rolling-mills.  Bessemer  steel  rails  are  made  here.  It 
was  annexed  to  Cleveland  in  1874,  and  its  post-office  is  a 
branch  of  the  Cleveland  post-office. 

Newburg,  a  village  of  Noble  oo.,  0.,  on  Duck  Creek, 
and  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &,  Cleveland  Railroad,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Newburg,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    See  Hurd. 

Newburg,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Shippensburg,  and  about  22  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  392. 

Newburg,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.    See  Coffee  Ron. 

Newburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn., 
about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Newburg,  a  post-village  of  Preston  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grafton. 
Near  it  are  several  churches,  a  cigar-factory,  a  shook-factory, 
and  the  works  of  the  Orrel  Coal  Company.    P.  (1890)  778. 

Newburg,  a  hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles  S. 
of  Tollgate  Station.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw 
mill,  2  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  100.     Here  is  Auburn  Post-Office. 

Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  7  miles  E.  of 
West  Bend,  and  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

New'burg,  a  village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Napanee  River,  22  miles  from  Kingston,  and  7  miles  from 
Napanee.  It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  paper-mill,  a  tannery,  a  fulling-  and  carding-mill,  a  grist- 
mill, 2  hotels,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  828. 

Newburg  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor. 

NeAvburgh,  nu'bur-riih,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  on  the  Tay,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Perth.  The  town 
has  a  good  harbor,  2  branch  banks,  linen-weaving,  and  con- 
siderable trade  in  wood,  grain,  coals,  and  lime.  It  was 
founded  in  the  twelfth  century.     Pop.  2777. 

New^burgh,  a  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ythan,  co.  and  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aberdeen. 

Newburgh,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  55  miles  from  Fred- 
edericton.     Pop.  100. 

Newburg  Village,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me, 

New  Bur'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo 
Ind.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Muncie.     It  has  a  church. 


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1961 


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New  Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Crinton  co.,  0.,  on 
Caesar's  Creek,  3  miles  from  Claysville  Station,  and  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  is  partly  in  Greene  oo.  It 
bas  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  227. 

New  Burn'side,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Vinoennes  Railroad,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Cairo.     It  has  3  churches. 

Newbury,  nu'b^r-e,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Berks, 
on  the  Kennet,  on  the  Ken  <fc  Avon  Canal,  and  on  a  railway, 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII.,  several  well-endowed  hospitals,  manufactures 
of  ribbons,  and  many  corn-mills  and  malt-kilns.  Donning- 
ton  Castle,  on  the  N.,  was  the  property  of  the  poet  Chaucer, 
who  died  here  a.d.  1400.  The  iT.  part  of  the  town,  Speen- 
hamland,  was  the  ancient  Spinm.     Fop.  (1891)  11,002. 

Newbury,  township.  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1169. 

Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township,  Wa- 
baunsee CO.,  Kansas,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Topeka.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  680. 

Newbury,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  contains 
Newbury  Old  Town,  a  part  of  Byfield,  and  a  part  of  Plum 
Island.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Eastern  Railroad  and  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.    Pop.  1426. 

Newbury,  a  hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Caro.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Here  is  Kingston  Post-OflSce. 

Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township,  Merri- 
mack CO.,  N.H.,  at  the  S.  end  of  Sunapee  Lake,  and  on  the 
Concord  <fc  Claremont  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  steamboat-landing. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  601. 

Newbury,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  containing 
Newbury  Centre,  South  Newbury,  and  North  Newbury. 
Pop.  881. 

Newbury,  a  beautiful  post-village  in  Newbury  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Wells  River,  and  about 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  the 
Newbury  Seminary,  and  a  large  hotel.  The  townshippre- 
sents  beautiful  scenery,  and  contains  the  village  of  Wells 
River ;  also  the  Montebello  iron  and  sulphur  springs.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2080. 

Newbury,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
a  railway,  36  miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  6  hotels, 
about  a  dozen  stores,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  1000. 

Newbury  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
6.  of  Chardon.     Here  is  Ford  Post-Office. 

Newbury  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Newbury  township. 

Newbury  Old  Tow^n,  a  post-village  in  Newbury 
township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  or  near  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Salem.    It  has  a  church. 

Newbury  Park,  a  post-office  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal. 

Newburyport,  nu*b§r-e-port',  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
one  of  the  capitals  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  finely  situated 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Merrimac,  3  miles  from  the  ocean, 
85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Haverhill.  Lat.  42°  48'  32"  N.;  Ion.  70°  52'  47"  W.  It 
stands  on  a  gentle  declivity,  commanding  a  beautiful  pros- 
pect. The  streets,  which  extend  upward  from  the  river,  are 
■short,  and  terminate  at  High  street,  a  wide  and  umbrageous 
avenue  which  is  lined  with  residences.  The  streets  are 
mostly  wide,  straight,  and  well  shaded,  and  on  High  street, 
bear  State,  is  a  small  lake  surrounded  by  a  terraced  prom- 
«nade.  The  harbor  is  spacious,  but  the  entrance  of  it  is 
obstructed  by  a  sand-bar.  The  retail  trade  is  mostly  trans- 
acted on  State  street,  which  extends  nearly  southward  and 
is  prolonged  (under  the  name  of  Newburyport  turnpike)  to 
Salem.  The  city  contains  a  coart  house,  a  granite  custom- 
house, a  city  hall,  a  marine  museum,  a  public  library  of 
about  14,000  volumes,  16  churches,  a  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association  building,  a  free  hospital,  a  high  school  of 
good  repute  (the  Putnam  Free  School),  4  national  banks, 
2  savings-banks,  2  large  five-story  cotton-factories,  a 
fibre-cord -factory,  a  large  saw-  and  planing-mill,  extensive 
manufactures  of  machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  &e.,  a  comb- 
factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and  some  ship-building.  Two 
^aily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  New- 
buryport is  connected  with  Boston,  Portland,  Ac,  by  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  and  with  Amesbury  by  a  line  of  horse- 
cars.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,538;  in  1890,  13,947. 

New  Caledonia,  k&l-e-do'ne-a  (Fr.  Nouvelle-GaU- 
dm;ie,  nooVfill'-kiMiMo'nee'),  an  island  in  the  South  Pa- 
mfic  Ocean,  belonging  to  France,  between  lat.  20°  and  22° 
30'  S.  and  Ion.  164°  and  167°  E.  Length,  from  N.W.  to 
6.E  ,  220  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles.  Surface  mountainous,  | 
124 


rising  in  the  centre  to  nearly  8000  feet  in  elevation.  The 
population  are  Papuans.  The  island  was  discovered  io 
1774.  It  forms,  with  the  Isle  of  Pines  and  other  neigh  • 
boring  islands,  the  most  important  penal  colony  of  France. 
It  bas  a  fine  climate  and  much  fertile  soil,  and  posMBset 
great  mineral  wealth.    Capital,  Noumea.     Pop.  68,000. 

New  California,  a  former  name  of  what  is  now  the 
state  of  California.     See  California. 

New  Califor'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Plain  City.     It  haa  a  church. 

New  California,  a  small  hamlet  of  Grant  oo.,  WIb,, 
about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

New  Cambria,  k&m'bre-%,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  7  milee  E.N.E.  of 
Salina.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Cambria,  a  post-village  in  Lingo  township, 
Macon  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad, 
86  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flonr-mill,  and  i 
drug-stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Canaan,  k&'n%n,  a  post-village  in  New  Canaan 
township,  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Bridgeport,  and  44  miles  N.E.  of  New  York  City.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  New  Canaan  Railroad,  which  connects 
at  Stamford  with  the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  shirts,  clothing,  and  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2701. 

New  Can'ada,  township,  Ramsey  oo.,  Minn.     P.  799. 

New  Canada,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  120. 

New  Cane  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Can'ton,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the 
Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Canton,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Holston  River,  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

New  Canton,  a  post- village  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  church,  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  slate-quarry. 

New  Carlisle,  kar-lil',  a  post-village  in  Olive  town- 
ship, St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Porte,  and  13 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  South  Bend.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  &e.     Pop.  in  1890,  607. 

New  Carlisle,  a  post-village  in  Bethel  township, 
Clark  CO.,  0.,  12  miles  W.  of  Springfield,  and  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  seminary,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  about  1000. 

New  Carlisle,  a  seaport  town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Bonaventure,  on  the  Bay  of 
Chaleurs.  Lat.  48°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  19'  W.  It  is  an  im- 
portant fishery  station,  and  contains  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     The  gulf  port  steamers  call  here.    Pop.  455 

New  Car'thage,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  oT 
Tensas  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  S.  of 
Tallulah  Railroad  Station.     Here  are  2  stores. 

New  Carthage,  New  York.    See  Carthagb  Laxdiro. 

NeAV  Cas'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in 
Falmouth  township,  near  Casco  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Casco,  a  post-hamlet  in  Casco  township,  Allegan 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Kalamazoo. 

New  Cas'sel,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lao  oo..  Wit., 
on  the  Milwaukee  &  Fond  du  Lac  Air-Line  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  6 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Castile,  k&s-teel'  (Sp.  Ccutilla  la  Jfueva,  k&a- 
teel'yi  1&  noo-&'v&),  an  old  province  of  Spun,  forming  the 
S.  portion  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Castile ;  its  capital 
was  Madrid.  Greatest  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  240  miles ; 
average  breadth,  about  155  miles.  Area,  21,442  square 
miles.  It  is  now  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Madrid, 
Toledo,  Ciudad  Real,  Cuenoa,  and  Guadalajara.  This  re- 
gion forms  part  of  the  central  table-land  of  Spain,  bounded 
N.  by  the  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Guadarrama  and  S.  by 
those  of  the  Sierra  Morena,  and  traversed  by  several  minor 
chains,  which  separate  broad  plains  or  valleys.  Its  rivers 
comprise  the  upper  courses  of  the  Tagos,  the  Guadiana,  the 
Guadalquivir,  the  Segura,  and  the  Juoar.  The  mountains 
of  the  Sierra  Morena  aff'ord  the  richest  supply  of  minerals 
in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  1,274,182. 

Newcas'tle,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Down,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Downpatrick.  Pop.  764.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  watering-place. 


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Newcastle,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  25  miles  S.W. 
Bf  Limerick.  It  has  a  neat  church,  a  Catholic  chapel,  bar- 
racks, workhouse,  and  market-house.     Pop.  2112. 

New  Castle,  nu  kas's^l,  the  most  northern  county  of 
Delaware,  borders  on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  430  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  Delaware  River  and  Bay, 
and  is  drained  by  tl»e  Brandywine,  Christiana,  Red  Clay, 
and  Duck  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  peaches,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  is  the  most  populous 
county  of  the  state,  and  exceeds  the  other  counties  in  the 
production  of  wheat,  oats,  and  hay.  The  manufactures  of 
the  state  are  chiefly  centred  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
/sected  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Rail- 
road, the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Wilmington  & 
Northern  Railroad,  which  converge  at  Wilmington,  the  cap- 
ital.  Pop.  in  1870,  63,616 ;  in  1880,  77,716 ;  in  1890,  97,182. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oc,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  I3ir- 
mingham.  Coal  is  mined  here,  and  here  are  the  works  of 
the  New  Castle  Coal  &  Iron  Company. 

Newcastle,  a  post-village  of  Placer  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  7 
miles  from  the  Alabaster  Cave,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn. 
It  has  a  church.  The  principal  business  here  is  the  culti- 
vation of  fruit.     Pop.  561. 

New  Castle,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  New  Castle 
CO.,  Delaware,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  6  miles  below  Wilmington.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  5  white  churches,  2  colored  churches,  2  banks, 
a  public  library,  a  high  school,  the  Delaware  Iron  Works, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  farming-implements,  and 
woollens.     Pop.  in  1890,  4010. 

New  Castle,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1262. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Henry  township,  on  the  Blue  River,  on  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Munoie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Logansport  with  Richmond,  15  miles  S.  of  Muncie, 
and  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, sash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2697. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ky., 
Is  situated  in  the  beautiful  valley  of  Drennon's  Creek,  4 
miles  N.  of  Eminence  Station,  and  29  miles  N.W,  of  Frank- 
fort. It  contains  a  court-house,  the  Henry  Male  and  Female 
College,  6  churches,  and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  670. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  in  New  Castle  township, 
Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on  tlte  Damariscotta  River,  opposite  to 
the  village  of  Damariscotta,  and  on  the  Enoz  &  Lincoln 
Railroad,  about  15  miles  from  the  sea,  and  48  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bath.  It  contains  a  church,  a  national  bank,  the  Lin- 
coln Academy,  and  several  factories.  Steamboats  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  of  township,  1282. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  oi  Gentry  oo.,  Mo.,  in 
Athens  township,  on  an  affluent  of  Grand  River,  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Castle,  a  post- village  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  about 
3  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  24  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Sioux  City,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Castle,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  about  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Portsmouth.  It  is  a  small 
island  in  Portsmouth  harbor.     Pop.  667. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
In  New  Castle  township,  on  the  New  York  <k  Harlem  Rail- 
road, about  38  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  The  township 
contains  larger  villages,  named  Chappaqua  and  Mount 
Kisoo,  and  a  pop.  of  2242. 

New^  Castle,  a  post-township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  about 
70  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.     Pop.  1120. 

New  Castle,  a  village  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cigar-factory.     Here  is  Pilcher  Post-Office. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
New  Castle  township,  about  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery  for  stone-ware.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  the  Mohican  River,  and  contains  Mo- 
hawk Village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1006. 

New  Castle,  Monroe  co.,  0.    See  Laing's. 

New  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Meigs- 
ville  township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Neeleysville  Post-Office. 

New  Castle,  a  city,  capital  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Shenango  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Neshannock  Creek, 
and  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg,  New  Castle  <fc  Beaver  Valley, 
New  Castle  &  Franklin,  and  Pittsburg  &  Lake  Erie  Rail- 
roads, 50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  21  miles  S.S.B.  of 


Sharon,  and  57  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.  It  contains  IS 
churches,  the  New  Castle  College,  2  national  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  printing-offices  which  issue  3  or  4  weekly 
newspapers,  3  large  rolling-mills,  2  nail-factories,  a  manu- 
factory of  window-glass,  several  flouring-mills,  iron-foun- 
dries, and  furnaces.     Pop.  in  1880,  8418;  in  1890,  11,600. 

New  Castle  (Broad  Mountain  Post  Office),  a  village  in 
New  Castle  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  at  the  junction 
of  two  branches  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Pottsville.     It  is  at  the  base  of  Broad  Mountain. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Craig  co.,  Va., 
on  Craig's  Creek,  near  Walker's  Mountain,  and  about  65 
miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  199. 

New  Castle,  apost-hamletof  King  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Seattle  A  Walla  Walla  Railroad,  20  miles  from  Seattle. 
It  has  a  church  and  eoal-mines.     Pop.  about  500. 

Newcastle,  a  post-town  of  Wyoming,  capital  of  Wes- 
ton CO.,  is  on  the  Lincoln,  Deadwood  A  North  Wyoming 
Railway,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Edgemont.  It  has  3  newspaper 
offices  and  numerous  business  concerns.     Pop.  1500. 

Newcas'tle,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
on  Port  Hunter,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sydney.  It  has  a 
great  trade  in  the  shipment  of  coal,  has  excellent  docks, 
steam-cranes,  <ind  harbor-works,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a 
railway.     It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see.     Pop.  7581. 

Newcas'tle,  or  Miramichi,  mir*a-m?-shee',  a  port 
of  entry  and  town  of  New  Brunswick,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Miramichi,  about 
18  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Miramichi  Bay,  and  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  78i  miles  from  Moncton.  Its  streets 
are  lighted  with  gas,  and  it  contains  a  branch  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  masonic  hall,  3  hotels,  about  25  stores,  sev- 
eral churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.  A  very  large  trade  is  done 
here  in  fish  and  lumber,  also  in  ship-building.     Pop.  1500. 

Newcastle,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  in  the  co.  of 
Durham,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  47  miles 
E.  of  Toronto,  with  a  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario  (formerly 
called  Bond  Head).  It  contains  churches  of  3  denomina- 
tions, 2  telegraph  offices,  4  hotels,  9  or  10  stores,  an  agri- 
cultural-implement factory,  a  tannery,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
one  of  the  largest  woollen-mills  in  the  province.    Pop.  1109. 

Newcastle  Bay,  Australia,  N.E.  coast,  at  the  N.  end 
of  Cape  York  Peninsula,  12  miles  in  width,  and  about  8 
miles  in  depth  inland.     Lat.  10°  50'  S.;  Ion.  142°  35'  E. 

Newcastle  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Grand  Lake,  36  miles  from  Sheffield. 

Newcastle  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  Grand  Lake,  33  miles  from  Shef- 
field. A  company  is  engaged  in  raising  coal.  Steamers 
run  between  here  and  St.  John.     Pop.  800. 

Newcas'tle-in-Em'lyn,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Carmarthen,  on  the  Teify,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cardigan. 
Pop.  1757.   It  has  a  union  workhouse  and  ruins  of  a  castle. 

New  Castle  Junction,  a  station  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  A  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, li  miles  N.W.  of  New  Castle. 

Newcastle-  (nu-kas's^l)  under-Lyme  (or  -Lyne), 
a  town  of  England,  CO.  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.N. W.  of  Staf- 
fora.  The  houses  are  mostly  ancient.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  grammar-school,  almshouses  and 
numerous  other  charities,  a  guild  hall,  market-house,  thea- 
tre, public  library,  literary  institution,  public  promenade, 
union  workhouse,  manufactures  of  hats,  tanneries,  sugar- 
refineries,  paper-mills,  silk-  and  cotton-factories,  and  in 
the  vicinity  potteries,  iron-works,  and  large  collieries.  A 
branch  canal  connects  it  with  the  Grand  Trunk  Naviga- 
tion. It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
(1891)  18,452. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne  (anc.  Pons  JSlii,  afterwards 
Monkehetter),  a  city  and  port  of  England,  capital  of  the 
county  of  Northumberland,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tyne, 
about  8  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  German  Ocean,  at 
the  junction  of  many  lines  of  railway,  53  miles  N.E.  of 
Carlisle.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  the  town  of 
Gateshead,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  series  of  bridges. 
The  city  has  much  improved;  many  new  streets  and  squares, 
lined  with  new  buildings  and  elegant  mansions,  have  risen 
up,  while  whole  suburbs  of  villas  have  spread  in  all  direc- 
tions, especially  towards  the  W.  The  city  hall  and  its 
buildings  are  large  and  imposing  edifices. 

Among  the  most  remarkable  public  buildings  may  be 
mentioned  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  an  ancient  and  hand- 
some structure,  the  church  of  All  Saints,  the  church  of 
St.  Andrew,  a  very  ancient  structure,  partly  Norman ;  the 
church  of  St.  John,  of  ancient  date  and  large  dimensions  j 
the  church  of  St.  Peter,  the  church  of  St.  Thomas,  th« 


NEW 


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k 


Roman  Catholic  church  of  St.  Mary,  numerous  chapels,  the 
Central  Exchange  and  News-room,  the  Merchants'  Court, 
the  corn  exchange,  the  assembly-rooms,  the  court-house, 
the  castle,  a  fine  specimen  of  castellated  Norman  archi- 
tecture, the  jail  and  house  of  correction,  an  elegant  theatre, 
&c.  Other  celebrated  structures  are  the  High  Level  Bridge 
and  the  Swing  Bridge  across  the  Tyne,  the  latter  being 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  renders  navigation  free. 
To  these  may  be  added  the  fine  Central  Railway  Station, 
erected  several  years  since. 

Important  literary  institutions  are  the  free  grammar- 
school,  the  Northern  Counties'  Institution  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb,  the  school  of  medicine  and  surgery,  the  mining  in- 
stitute, the  college  of  physical  sciences,  the  latter  attached 
to  Durham  University ;  the  literary  and  philosophical  so- 
ciety, a  Doric  building,  in  which  a  museum  and  library 
are  included ;  the  natural  history  and  antiquarian  societies, 
the  institution  for  the  promotion  of  the  fine  arts,  the  me- 
chanics' institution,  the  infirmary,  the  Victoria  Blind  Asy- 
lum, the  hospital  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  the  Keelman, 
Jesus',  and  other  hospitals  and  charitable  endowments. 
Newcastle  became  a  bishop's  see  in  1879. 

The  manufactures  are  very  extensive.  Within  the  city 
and  its  vicinity  are  numerous  blast-furnaces  and  im- 
portant malleable  and  other  iron-works.  Iron  goods,  fire- 
arms, ordnance,  bronze  goods,  coke,  hardware,  and  large 
castings  are  made  at  a  great  number  of  extensive  estab- 
lishments. The  other  most  important  staples  are  loco- 
motives and  other  machinery,  earthenware,  glass,  chemical 
products,  sheet  and  pipe  lead,  cordage,  hats,  cables,  paint- 
ers' colors,  soap,  railway  and  other  carriages,  brass-ware, 
patent  shot,  bricks  and  tiles,  paper,  sail-cloth,  Ac.  There 
are  also  large  flax-  and  spinning-mills,  flour-,  bone-,  oil-, 
and  saw-mills,  and  extensive  building-yards,  at  which  great 
numbers  of  sailing-vessels  and  steamers  are  constructed. 
The  coasting  and  export  trade  is  important. 

The  principal  imports  are  corn,  clover  and  other  seeds, 
flax,  hemp,  oak  bark,  fruit,  wine,  spirits,  colonial  produce, 
tallow,  hides,  tar  and  pitch,  oil,  brimstone,  bones,  bristles, 
rags,  timber  and  cabinet-wood,  pig-iron,  Ac.  The  inland 
trade  is  also  very  important,  and  has,  in  recent  times,  been 
greatly  augmented  by  the  different  railways. 

Newcastle  appears  to  have  derived  its  ancient  name.  Pons 
JElii,  from  a  bridge  erected  over  the  Tyne  by  the  Emperor 
Adrian.  The  Roman  wall,  built  by  Severus,  passed  through 
it,  and  terminated  at  Wallsend,  about  3  miles  E.  In  after- 
times  it  became  so  famous  for  its  monastic  establishments 
that  it  took  the  name  of  Monkeheater.  It  owes  its  name  of 
Newcastle  to  a  fortress  built  by  Robert,  eldest  son  of  William 
the  Conqueror.  It  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  The  borough  is  divided  into  eight  wards,  and 
the  municipal  government  is  vested  in  a  mayor,  14  alder- 
men, and  42  councillors.     Pop.  in  1891,  186,345. 

New  Centrevillej  sen't^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pulaski. 

New  Centrevillej  a  post-hamlet  on  the  Chester  Val- 
ley Railroad,  Chester  cc,  Pa.,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norris- 
town. 

New  Centreville,  a  post-borough  in  Milford  town- 
ship, Somerset  co..  Pa.,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  Mineral  Point. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  196.     Here  is  Glade  Post-OflBce. 

New  Centreville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 

New  Chambersburg,  cham'b§rz-biirg,  a  post-village 
of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  Moultrie  Station,  and 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  131. 

New  Ches'ter,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in 
Strabane  township,  on^Conewago  Creek,  about  22  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  York.     It  hai*  2  churches. 

New  Chester,  or  Chester,  a  post-township  of  Adams 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  300.     The  post-office  is  New  Chester. 

New  Chicago,  she-kaw'go,  a  village  of  Neosho  co., 
Kansas,  near  the  Neosho  River,  on  the  Neosho  division  of 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  1  mile  S.S.E.  of 
Chanute. 

New  Chicago,  a  post- village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Mon- 
tana, on  Hellgate  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It 
has  a  church. 

New  ChilMicoth'e,  post-office,  Dickinson  oo.,  filansas. 

New  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aooomaok  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Newtown,  Md.  It  has  a  church  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. 

New-ChAvang,  or  Nintschuan,  na-ch55-4n',  a  town 
and  treaty-port  of  the  Chinese  empire,  province  of  Leao- 
Tong,  on  the  navigable  river  Liaou,  near  the  Gulf  of  Pe- 
ehe-lee,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mookden.     It  has  an  increasing 


trade,  and  exports  grain,  beans,  bean-oake,  ginseng,  dear- 
horns,  liquorice,  and  provisions.     Pop.  60,000. 

New  Cincinnati,  sin-sin-nah'tee,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Rice  CO.,  Kansas,  8  miles  N.  of  Peace.     It  has  a  church. 

New  City,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co..  111. 

New  City,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  CLARKgrowir. 

New  Coeln,  sSln,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  oo.,  Wis^ 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

New  Colnm'bia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Massac  oo..  111., 
about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  union  school,  and  mineral  springs. 

New  Columbia,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Mullica  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Elwood.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Columbia,  Warren  co.,  0.  See  Pleasant  Plaik. 

New  Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  2  miles  above  Milton, 
and  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  chorohes  and 
2  carriage-shops. 

New  Colum'bns,  a  hamlet  in  Adams  township,  Madi- 
son CO.,  Ind.,  on  Fall  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  Anderson.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  135.     Here  is  Ovid  Post-Office. 

New  Columbus,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

New  Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Shickshinny  Station,  and  about  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.    Pop.  250. 

Newcomb,  nii'k9m,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  HI. 
Pop.  897. 

Newcomb,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
drained  by  the  Hudson  River  (which  rises  in  or  near  it), 
and  contains  Lake  Sandford  and  other  lakes.  Several  high 
peaks  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains  occur  in  this  township. 
It  has  forests  of  pine,  cedar,  and  hemlock,  mines  of  good 
iron  ore,  and  manufactures  of  iron  and  lumber.    Pop.  183. 

Newcombe,  nQ'k9m,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

New'comerstown,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township, 
Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  of 
Massillon,  and  83  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  is  also 
on  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with  Pittsburg, 
and  on  the  Ohio  Canal.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  791. 

New  Con'cord,  a  post- hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Murray.     It  has  a  church  and  about  40  houses. 

New  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  East  Chatham  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Concord,  or  Concord,  a  post-village  in  Union 
township,  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Concord  Station,  17 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  contains  the  Muskingum 
College,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and 
a  planing-mill.     Pop.  700. 

New  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Munoie,  and  50  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

New  Cor'win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  oo.,  0.,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Hillsborough. 

New  Corydon,  kor'^-d^n,  a  post-village  in  Wabash 
township.  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash,  about  64  miles  N.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

New  Creek,  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Keyskr. 

New-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Lon- 
don, on  the  London  &  Brighton  Railway. 

New  Cnm'berland,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Mississinewa  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

New  Cumberland,  a  post-village  in  Warren  town- 
ship, Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Conotten  Creek,  about  20  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Canton.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  160. 

New  Cumberland,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  3  miles  below  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-  and  door-factory.     P.  515. 

New  Cumberland,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Hancock 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  11  miles  by  rail  N.  by 
E.  of  Steubenville,  0.  It  has  4  churches,  a  money-order 
post-office,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flaming  gas-well,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  fire-bricks,  paving-bricks,  sewer- 
pipe,  pottery,  and  iron  products.     Pop.  about  200U. 

New  Dan'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  coach- 
factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

New  Deer,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.pf  Aberdeen,  fl 
miles  W.  of  Deer.     Pop.  643. 

]New  Den'mark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Franklin  township,  3  miles  from  Franklinville  Station 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad. 


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1964 


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New  Denmark,  township,  Brown  oo.,  "Wis.    P.  1145. 

New  Der'ry,  a  post- village  in  Derry  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  1  mile  from  Derry  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Bail- 
road.     It  has  3  ohurohes.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Design,  d^-zin',  a  post-oflSce  of  Monroe  co.,  111., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Pop.  of  New  Design 
township,  2016. 

New  Dig'gings,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Wis., 
in  New  Diggings  township,  near  the  Fevre  River,  about  17 
miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Lead 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1805. 

New  Dominion,  do-min'yun,  a  post-village  in  Qlen- 
garry  co.,  Ontario,  21  miles  from  Lancaster.     Pop.  120. 

New  Don'gola,  or  Maraka,  mi-r4'ki,  a  town  of  Nu- 
bia, capital  of  the  proVinoe  of  Dongola,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  in  lat.  19°  10'  19"  N.,  Ion.  30°  22'  15"  E.  It  is 
populous,  and  important  both  as  a  military  depot  and  as  a 
place  of  trade.  It  has  an  indigo-factory  belonging  to  the 
Egyptian  khedive.     Pop.  5000. 

New  Dorp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

New  Douglas,  diig'las,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co., 
HI.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  town  hall,  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Dover,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Dover, 

NewDub'lin,  or  Dublin  Corners,  a  post- village  in 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  E.  of  Fairfield  East.     Pop.  150. 

New  Dun^dee',  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  2  stores,  2  hotels,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  300. 

NeAV  Dungeness,  diinj-ngss',  a  post- village,  capital  of 
Clallam  co.,  Washington,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Strait  of  Juan 
de  Fuca,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Olympia.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Dun'kirk,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
&  F.t.  Louis  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Logansport,  Ind. 

New  Durham,  diir'am,  a  hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind., 
In  New  Durham  township,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Westville.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  Westville  village,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  1984. 

New  Durham,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
New  Durham  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship contains  several  saw-mills.    Pop,  of  the  township,  973. 

New  Durham,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in 
North  Bergen  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  6  miles 
N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  tannery  of 
chamois  skins. 

New  Durham,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  1^ 
miles  from  Metuchen. 

New  Durham,  d&r'^m,  a  post-village  in  Brant  oo., 
Ontario,  on  Big  Creek,  19  miles  W.  of  Brantford.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  150. 

NewDurham,or  South  Durham,  a  post-village  in 
Drummond  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  66 
miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  pearlash-factory,  hemlook- 
bark-factories,  2  hotels,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

New'dy  Quod'dy,  or  West  New'dy  Quod'dy,  a 
post-village  in  Halifax  oo..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Quoddy  River, 
near  the  sea,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  hotels,  2  stores,  and  a  lobster-factory.  The  in- 
habitants are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  350. 

New  Eagle  Mills,  a  post-oflSce  of  Grant  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
Eagle  Creek,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

New  Edenborough,  e'd^n-biir-ruh,  a  seaport  town 
of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Digby,  at  the  entrance  of  Sissiboo 
River  into  St.  Mary's  Bay,  near  Weymouth,  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Digby.     Pop.  180,  mostly  fishermen. 

New  Ed'inburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorsey  co.,  Ark., 
15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  an  academy  and  sev- 
eral churches  near  it. 

New  Edinburgh,  ed'in-biir-riih,  a  town  of  Ontario, 
00.  of  Russell,  on  the  Rideau  and  Ottawa  Rivers,  IJ  miles 
from  Ottawa.  It  contains  Rideau  Hall,  the  residence  of  the 
governor-general  of  Canada,  and  has  saw-,  grist-,  and  wool- 
len-mills, a  cloth-factory,  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  7  or  8  stores. 
Street-cars  connect  it  with  the  capital.     Pop.  596. 

New  Edinburgh,  ed'in-btir-ruh,  a  seaport  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  state  and  118  miles  E.S.E.  of  Panama, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

New  E'gypt,  a  post-village  in  Plumstead  township. 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  between  Hightstown  and 
Pemberton,  20  Iniles  N.E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  contains  the 
Plumstead  Institute,  and  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  tobacco,  cigars,  and  flour. 

Newel,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nevbl. 


New  E'lam,  a  post-office  of  Norton  oo.,  Eansad. 

New'ell,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ill,,  on  the  In- 
diana line.     Pop,  1909.     It  contains  Kentucky. 

Newell,  a  post- village  in  Newell  township,  Buena  Vista 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 43  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  fiour-mill, 
and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  (1890)  640 ;  of  township,  1107. 

Newell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Greenville  Court-House.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a 
grist-mill. 

NewelPs  Island,  an  island  in  the  district  of  Bona- 
vista,  Newfoundland,  i  mile  from  Green's  Pond.  It  is 
settled  by  fishermen. 

Newell 's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

New'ellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Willamette  River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

New  England,  ing'gl^nd,  a  post-village  in  Rome 
township,  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

New  England,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

New  England  Village,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Grafton  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  about  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  * 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  shoes. 

New'ent,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  3168. 

Newent,  a  village  in  Lisbon  township,  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  near  Jewett  City  Station  of  the  Hartford,  Prov- 
idence <ic  Fishkill  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

New  En'terprise,  a  hamlet  of  Linn  oo.,  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  Here  is  Northcutt  Post- 
Office. 

New  En'terprise,  a  post-village  in  South  Woodbury 
township,  Bedford  oo.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  a  church. 

New  E'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  <k  Saginaw  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of 
Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Era,  a  post-offioe  of  Concordia  parish.  La.,  on 
Black  River,  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 

New  Era,  a  post-office  of  Oceana  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Pent- 
water. 

New  Era,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  oo.,  Neb. 

New  Era,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  A,  California  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.  of  Oregon  City.  It  has  a  public  park,  a 
grist-mill,  2  stores,  &e. 

New  Era,  a  post-hamlet  in  Terry  township,  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  New  Albany  Station.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill. 

New  Eureka,  yQ-re'k^,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of 
Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Topeka. 

New  Excel'sior,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

New  Fair'field,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
New  Fairfield  township,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Danbury.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  chum-factory.   Pop.  of  township,  870. 

New'fane,  a  post-township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  traversed  by 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad.  Pop.  3300.  It  contains 
the  villages  of  Charlotte ville  (where  is  Newfane  Post-Office) 
and  Olcott,  and  Newfane  Station. 

Newfane,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt., 
on  the  Central  Vermont  Biailroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Brat- 
tleborough. 

NeAvfane,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee  <t  Fond  du  Lac  Air-Line  Railroad,  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Newfane  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Lewiston.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

New'field,  a  post-village  in  Newfield  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churchee 
and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1193. 

Newfield,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Cape  May  and  Atlantic  City  branches  of  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Camden.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Newfield,  a  post-village  in  Newfield  township,  Tomp- 
kins CO.,  N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Newfield  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  <fc  Sayre  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Ithaca,  and  20  miles  (direct)  N.E,  of  Elmira,  Newfield  haa 
3  churches,  a  union  school,  2  flooring-mills,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2214. 

New  Flat  Creek,  a  post-office  of  tlnion  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Flat  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  W.  Va. 


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1965 


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New  Flor'ence,  a  post-village  in  Danville  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  77  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Florence,  a  post-borough  of  "Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  is  near  Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  5 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  683. 

New  For'est,  a  royal  forest  and  hundred  of  England, 
in  the  S.W.  of  the  oo.  of  Hants,  W.  of  Southampton-Water. 
Circumference,  about  60  miles.  It  is  divided  into  baili- 
wicks, under  foresters,  wood-wards,  and  rangers,  the  whole 
under  a  lord- warden,  whose  forest-courts  are  held  at  Lynd- 
hurst.  It  abounds  in  game,  red  deer,  hogs,  semi-wild 
horses,  and  excellent  timber. 

New  Found,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C. 

Newfoundland,  nu'fpndiland"^  (L.  Ter'ra  No'va  ,• 
Ft.  Terre-Neuve,  taiR-nuv;  Ger.  Neu-Foundland,  noi'- 
fS5nt-l&nt^),  a  large  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  between  lat.  46°  38' 
and  51°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  52°  35'  and  59°  35'  "W.  Its  S.W. 
point  approaches  Cape  Breton ;  N.  and  N.E.  are  the  shores 
of  Labrador,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  Strait  of 
Belle  Isle;  E.  is  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  is  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence.  It  lies  nearer  to  Europe  than  any  other  part  of 
America.  It  is  about  1200  miles  in  circumference;  its 
width,  at  the  very  widest  part,  being  about  300  miles,  and 
its  extreme  length  about  419  miles.  It  is  exceedingly 
irregular,  and  is  indented  with  deep  bays  and  harbors, 
many  of  which  are  extensive,  commodious,  and  well  shel- 
tered. The  interior  of  the  island  has  never  been  thoroughly 
explored,  but  appears  to  be  rocky,  much  intersected  by  rivers 
and  lakes,  and  but  thinly  wooded,  except  on  the  banks  of 
the  rivers.  There  are  districts  called  barrens,  occupying 
the  summits  of  the  hills  and  elevated  tracts,  covered  with 
a  thin  and  scrubby  vegetation,  with  patches  of  gravel  and 
boulders  and  crumbling  fragments  of  rock.  The  sea-cliffs 
are  for  the  most  part  bold  and  lofty,  with  deep  water  close 
to  the  shore. 

The  rivers  of  Newfoundland  are  numerous,  but  the  ma- 
jority are  small.  The  largest  are  the  Humber,  River  of 
Exploits,  Gambo,  and  Great  Cod  Roy  Rivers.  Nearly 
all  the  rivers  issue  from  lakes  or  ponds  in  the  interior. 
Many  of  them  abound  with  excellent  salmon.  Fresh-water 
lakes  and  ponds  are  also  numerous,  the  surface  covered 
with  fresh  water  being  estimated  at  one-third  of  the  whole 
island.  The  principal  lakes  in  the  island  are  Gander 
Pond,  Deer  Pond,  Grand  Pond,  and  Red  Indian  Pond. 
The  prevalent  formation  of  Newfoundland  is  granite,  and 
in  some  parts  porphyry,  quartz,  gneiss,  mica,  and  clay- 
slate,  with  secondary  and,  over  a  considerable  area,  car- 
boniferous formations.  The  minerals  of  the  island  com- 
prise silver,  copper,  lead,  chromic  iron,  magnetic  iron, 
ipecular  iron,  manganese,  nickel,  plumbago,  gypsum,  ser- 
pentine, jaspers,  white  and  black  marble,  limestone,  and 
coal.  The  principal  mines  are  the  Tilt  Cove  Mine  (copper), 
the  Notre  Dame  Mine  (copper),  both  on  the  eastern  side  of 
the  island,  and  the  La  Manche  Mine  (lead),  on  the  south- 
em  coast.     The  first-named  has  been  very  productive. 

The  climate,  being  insular,  is  not  liable  to  so  great 
changes  in  temperature  as  that  of  the  neighboring  conti- 
nental provinces,  the  winter  being  much  milder  and  the 
summer  not  nearly  so  warm.  The  average  temperature  of 
February,  the  coldest  month,  is  22°,  of  July,  the  hottest, 
60°,  and  of  the  year,  40°.  The  winter  lasts  from  Decem- 
ber till  April.  The  summer  is  short  and  warm.  In  May 
and  the  beginning  of  June  dense  fogs  prevail  on  the  banks 
and  neighboring  shores.  The  principal  trees  are  spruce, 
birch,  larch,  willow,  ash,  and  fir  ;  but  they  do  not  attain  to 
a  large  size.  Recumbent  evergreens  are  to  be  met  in  great 
variety;  berry-growing  bushes  abound  in  every  swamp. 
European  and  American  grasses,  also  red  and  white  clover, 
are  abundant.  In  several  sections  agriculture  can  be  car- 
ried on  with  profit.  In  the  neighborhood  of  many  of  the 
lakes  and  rivers  there  are  valuable  soils.  Potatoes  yield 
well,  and  are  of  excellent  quality ;  green  crops  thrive  in 
many  districts.  Wheat  has  been  known  to  yield  30  bushels 
per  acre.  Apples,  plums,  and  cherries  have  been  raised 
with  success;  gooseberries,  strawberries,  and  raspberries 
of  very  good  quality  are  grown.  The  timber  lands,  amount- 
ing to  nearly  one  million  of  acres,  and  situated  principally 
on  the  western  side  of  the  island,  and  by  the  chief  lakes 
and  rivers,  though  of  high  importance,  are  wholly  unsettled. 
No  lands  are  let  for  lumbering  purposes  :  the  laws  provide 
that  they  shall  be  disposed  of  for  settlement  alone. 

The  only  animal  peculiar  to  the  island  is  the  Newfound- 
land dog,  famous  the  world  over.     Among  the  wild  ani- 


mals may  be  enumerated  the  deer,  the  wolf,  the  beat,  the 
beaver,  the  marten,  and  the  wild  cat.  Land  and  aquatic 
birds  abound.  Seals  are  numerous  on  the  coasts,  as  are 
also  whales,  grampuses,  and  porpoises ;  while  for  fish  there 
is  no  place  in  the  world  comparable  to  Newfoundland, 
esneoially  for  cod.  The  famous  Grand  Banks  swarm  with 
fish.  These  banks  form  the  most  extensive  submarine  ele- 
vation on  the  face  of  the  globe,  being  over  600  miles  in 
length  and  200  miles  in  breadth,  with  a  depth  of  water 
varying  from  10  to  160  fathoms.  The  prosecution  of  the 
fishery  on  the  Grand  Banks  has  of  late  years  been  left  ex- 
clusively in  the  hands  of  foreigners,  principally  French, 
whilst  the  shore  fishery,  which,  with  less  risk,  is  more  con- 
venient, is  carried  on  by  the  fishermen  of  the  island.  The 
cod-fishery  opens  in  June  and  lasts  till  the  middle  of  No- 
vember, and  may  be  said  to  form  the  chief  occupation  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  island.  The  average  annual  value 
of  this  fishery  is  about  $6,000,000,  including  the  dried  cod- 
fish exported,  the  quantity  consumed  by  the  population, 
and  the  oil  extracted  from  the  fish.  From  25,000  to  30,000 
people  and  1200  vessels  engage  in  the  Labrador  fishery, 
and  the  annual  export  is  valued  at  about  $1,500,000.  The 
shore  fishery  is  prosecuted  along  the  whole  coast-line  in 
Newfoundland,  and  is  the  mainstay  of  the  very  large  por- 
tion of  the  population  who,  from  poverty,  age,  or  disin- 
clination, refrain  from  going  on  extended  fishing  trips,  or 
divide  their  time  between  farming  and  fishing.  The  seal- 
fishery  is  next  in  importance,  employing  many  sailing- 
vessels  and  quite  a  number  of  steamers.  About  250,000 
seals  are  annually  taken,  and  their  skins  sent  to  Great 
Britain  for  manufacturing  purposes ;  the  fat  is  made  into 
seal  oil,  which  is  used  in  manufacturing  and  for  lubricating 
purposes.  Another  important  branch  of  the  fishing  indus- 
try is  the  taking  and  canning  of  lobsters,  which,  although 
commenced  since  1880,  has  now  an  annual  value  of  about 
$500,000.  This  business  is  carried  on  principally  by  the 
French,  who  have  erected  several  lobster-canning  fsustories 
on  the  coast  of  Newfoundland,  and  although  certain  fishing 
rights  are  conceded  to  them,  the  legality  of  this  action  is 
disputed  by  the  colonists,  on  the  ground  that  the  lobster  is 
not  a  fish,  but  a  crustacean,  and  that  canning  lobsters  is 
not  drying  fish.  The  imports  of  the  colony  consist  of  all 
articles  used  for  food  and  clothing,  as  well  as  for  domestic 
purposes.  The  principal  exports  are  fish  and  fish  oils,  seal 
oil  and  skins.  Trade  is  chiefly  with  Great  Britain,  the 
United  States,  and  the  British  colonies. 

The  government  of  Newfoundland  pays  $120,000  an- 
nually for  the  steam  service  of  the  colony.  The  steamers 
subsidized  are  the  Allan  Line  to  and  from  Liverpool  and 
Halifax  or  some  port  in  the  Dominion  or  United  States, 
once  a  fortnight ;  a  steamer  once  a  fortnight  from  St.  John's 
northward ;  a  steamer  once  a  fortnight  from  St.  John's  west- 
ward ;  one  from  St.  John's  to  Conception  Bay ;  one  to  con- 
vey the  judges  on  circuit,  and  one  on  the  Labrador  coast, 
running  once  a  fortnight  along  the  shore  from  8.  to  N.  and 
back,  giving  information  to  the  fishermen  where  the  fish  ia 
most  abundant. 

The  public  afTairs  of  Newfoundland  are  administered  by 
a  governor,  an  executive  council  of  6  members,  a  legisla- 
tive council  of  13  members,  and  a  legislative  assembly  of 
36  representatives.  The  judicial  department  comprises  a 
supreme  court,  with  a  chief  and  two  assistant  judges,  a  vice- 
admiralty  court,  and  a  district  court.  The  public  school 
system  is  based  on  the  denominational  principle  as  regards 
Roman  Catholics,  and  the  non-denominational  as  regards 
Protestants  generally ;  in  consonance  therewith  there  are  two 
general  inspectors  of  elementary  or  board  schools.  There  are 
4  public  academies,  based  on  the  denominational  principle, 
and  all  situated  in  the  capital  of  the  island  ;  1  for  Roman 
Catholics,  which  is  in  connection  with  their  college ;  1  for 
Church  of  England  Protestants,  in  connection  with  their 
collegiate  establishment;  1  for  Wesleyans;  and  1  for  Prot- 
estants of  all  other  denominations.  The  towns  of  Harbor 
Grace  and  Carbonear  have  each  a  grammar-school,  beeidei 
the  commercial  and  elementary  board  schools. 

Railways  are  in  course  of  construction  from  St.  John's  to 
Hall's  Bay  (340  miles)  and  to  Carbonear  (100  miles),  and 
steamers  make  frequent  trips  to  the  principal  places  N.  and 
S.  of  St.  John's,  and  ply  between  ports  on  Conception  Bay. 

The  inhabitants  of  Newfoundland  are  principally  the 
descendants  of  the  settlers  from  England  and  Ireland. 
The  aboriginal  inhabitants,  known  as  Red  Indians,  have 
been  extinct  for  many  years  past.  There  are  a  few  Mio 
Macs  in  the  island. 

The  population  in  1891  of  the  island  and  the  district  of 
Labrador  (the  latter  embracing  that  part  of  the  peninsula 
whose  waters  flow  into  the  Atlantic)  wa«  202,040. 


NEW 


1966 


NEW 


There  are  2  Roman  Catholic  dioceses  in  Newfoundland, 
—St.  John's  and  Harbor  Grace, — and  1  of  the  Church  of 
England,  with  a  coadjutor  bishop.  The  religious  denomina- 
tions, according  to  the  census  of  1891,  are  as  follows  : 

Church  of  England 69,824 

Church  of  Rome 72,696 

MethodiBts 53,276 

Presbyterians 1,449 

Free  Kirk  (about) '. 2,875 

CoDgregationalists  (about) 1,900 

Baptists  (about) 20 

Total 202,040 

Newfoundland  is  supposed  to  have  been  discovered  by 
Northmen  about  the  year  1000.  It  was  rediscovered  by 
Sir  John  Cabot  and  his  son  Sebastian  on  the  24th  June, 
1497.  A  settlement  was  subsequently  formed  by  some 
Portuguese  adventurers,  who  were  in  turn  expelled  by  Sir 
Francis  Drake  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Subse- 
quently numerous  English  and  French  colonies  occupied 
portions  of  the  island,  until,  in  1713,  it  was  declared  by  the 
treaty  of  Utrecht  to  belong  wholly  to  Great  Britain,  the 
French  reserving  a  right  to  fish  on  certain  parts  of  the 
coast,  the  rocky  islets  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon  being 
also  assigned  to  them  on  condition  that  they  should  not  be 
used  for  military  purposes.  The  first  governor  of  the  island 
was  appointed  in  1728,  and  the  first  legislative  assembly 
met  on  the  1st  of  January,  1733.  The  most  noteworthy 
town  on  the  island  is  Bt.  John's,  the  capital.  It  has  tele- 
graphic communication  with  Canada,  the  United  States, 
Europe,  and  the  most  important  places  on  the  island. 

NeAvfound'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky., 
about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Maysville.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy. 

Newfoundland,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

Newfoundland,  or  German  Flats,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  3  churches. 

New  Foun'tain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  Tex., 
37  miles  W.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Frank'en,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  9  or 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 

New  Frank'fort,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Johnson  township.     Pop.  79. 

New  Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  14  miles  below  Brunswick.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Franklin,  Howard  co.,  Mo.    See  Franklin. 

New  Franklin ,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township,  Stark 
CO.,  C,  1  mile  from  Moultrie  Station,  and  about  15  miles  E. 
of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  furniture-factory. 

New  Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Cbambersburg,  and  ^  mile  from  Jackson  Hall.  It  has 
about  18  houses. 

New  Free'dom,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  cigars,  &c. 

New  Free'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa., 
about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

NeAV  Futtak,  Hungary.     See  Futtak. 

New  Gair'loch,  a  post-village  and  settlement  in  Pio- 
tou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  18  miles  from  Glengarry.     Pop.  200. 

New  Gal'ilee,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  a  railroad  extending  to  Darlington  and  Cannell- 
ton,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  2  car- 
riage-shops, and  manufactures  of  coal-drills.     Pop.  241. 

New  Gal'loway,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  on  the  Ken, 
CO.  and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Kirkcudbright.     Pop.  440. 

New  Gar'den,  township,  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1519. 

New  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond.     Here  is  a  church. 

New  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Northwestern  North  Carolina  Railroad,  88  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
Friends'  boarding-school. 

New^  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  from  Hanover  Railroad  Station,  and  about  145  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  about  300. 

New  Garden,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of  Chester 
00.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.  Pop. 
1790.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore 
Central  Railroad,  and  contains  villages  named  Landenburg 


and  Toughkenamon.  New  Grarden  Station  is  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Landenburg. 

New  Garden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in 
New  Garden  township,  1  mile  from  Toughkenamon  Station, 
which  is  39  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  are  2 
Friends'  meetings. 

New  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

New  Gas'cony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  12  miles  by  land  E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 
It  has  2  churches.     Cotton  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

New  Gen'esee',  a  post-office  of  Whiteside  co..  III., 
about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sterling. 

New  Gene'va,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Nicholson  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  100  miles 
by  steam-packet,  and  about  50  miles  by  land,  S.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  2  potteries  for 
stoneware,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Geneva,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

New  Georgia  is  a  name  once  applied  to  the  coast-line 
of  North  America,  on  the  Pacific,  comprising  Vancouver 
Island  and  the  adjacent  mainland  as  far  S.  as  the  Columbia. 

New  Ger'mantown,a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  35  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

New  Germantown,  a  post- village  of  Perry  co.,  Pa., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  133. 

New  Germany,  a  village  of  Atlantic  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Buena  Vista  township,  3  miles  from  Hammonton.  It  has 
2  churches. 

New  Ger'many,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  3i 
miles  from  Breslau.     Pop.  150. 

New  Germany,  or  Centreville,  a  post-village  in 
Lunenburg  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  18  miles 
from  Mahone  Bay.    It  has  8  stores  and  1  hotel.    Pop.  500. 

New  Gla'rus,  a  post-village  in  New  Glarus  township. 
Green  co..  Wis.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  o*" 
the  township,  975. 

New  Glas'gow,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Sootia,  oo.  of 
Pictou,  on  the  East  River,  near  its  entrance  into  Pictou 
Harbor,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  104  miles  N.E. 
of  Halifax.  It  contains  2  foundries,  several  tanneries,  a 
pottery,  a  branch  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  several  ship- 
yards, 4  hotels,  and  about  40  stores.  Some  of  the  largest 
ships  of  Nova  Scotia  were  built  here.  Extensive  coal-minea 
are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  3000. 

New  Glasgow,  Ontario.    See  Aldborocoh. 

New  Glas'gow,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  the  Clyde  River,  17  miles  from  Char- 
lottetown.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  tannery,  grist-  and 
saw-mill,  a  ship-yard,  a  hotel,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

New  Glasgow,  a  post-village  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Que- 
bec, 36  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  large  trade  in 
lumber  and  flour,  and  contains  8  stores,  a  tannery,  and  saw-, 
grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  168. 

New  Glas'gow  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Gloucester,  glos't^r,  a  post-village  in  New 
Gloucester  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  and  Maine  Central  Railroads,  22  miles  N.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  several  churches  and  a  high  school.  At  West 
New  Gloucester  there  is  a  Shaker  village.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1496. 

New  Goa,  India.    See  Panjim;  also  Goa. 

New  Go'shen,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fayette  township,  Vigo 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches. 

New  Got'tingen,  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  in 
Richland  township,  1  mile  S.  of  Gibson's  Station.     Pop.  33. 

New  Gott'land,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 28  miles  S.  of  Salina.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  669. 

NeAV  Granada,  South  America.     See  Colombia. 

New  Grand  Chain,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co., 
111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cairo,  and  2  miles  from  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  Ac. 

New  Grenada,  gren-ah'da,  a  post-village  of  Fulton 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.'  of  Cbambersburg.  It  has 
2  churches.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  100. 

New  Gret'na,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Bass  River  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Tuckerton.  It  has 
2  churches. 

New  Griqualand,  Africa.    See  Griqualand  East. 

New  Gron'ingen,  a  post-village  in  Holland  township, 
Ottawa  CO.,  Mich.,  1  mile  from  Zeeland  Station,  and  4  milei 
from  Holland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brick-kiln. 


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New  Guilford,  Coshocton  oo.,  0.    See  Bast  Union. 

New  Guinea,  ghin  ee,  a  British  possession,  embracing 
a  portion  of  the  island  of  Papua,  together  with  the  D'Entre- 
casteaux  and  Louisiade  groups  and  all  the  islands  between 
8°  and  12°  S.  lat.  and  141°  and  155°  E.  Ion.  The  govern- 
ment of  the  colony  was  established  in  1888.  Estimated 
area,  90,000  square  miles ;  pop.  350,000,  of  whom  250  are 
Europeans.  A  German  protectorate  over  the  northern  sec- 
tion of  southeast  Papua,  established  in  1884  under  the 
name  of  Kaiser  Wilhelm's  Land,  embraces  an  area  of  72,000 
square  miles  and  a  pop.  of  about  110,000. 

New  Hack'ensack,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  about  65  miles  N.  of  New  York. 

New  Hagerstown,  ha'gh§rz-t6wn,  a  post-village  of 
Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Orange  township,  li  miles  from  Bowers* 
ton.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

NeW'hall,  a  post- village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  33 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles. 

New  Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Wappinger's  Creek, 
and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  9  miles  below  Pough- 
keepsie.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-foundry.  A  steam 
ferry  connects  this  place  with  Marlborough,  on  the  opposite 
bank.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Shenango  <fc  Alleghany  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Green- 
ville, and  about  24  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

New  Ham'burg,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Nith,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
75  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  wool- 
len-factory, brewery,  tannery,  grist-mill,  a  printing-office 
issuing  a  German  weekly  newspaper,  4  hotels,  and  about  a 
dozen  stores.     Pop.  1003. 

New  Hampshire,  nQ  hamp'shir,  one  of  the  New  Eng- 
land states  of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  the  prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  Canada,  E.  by  Maine  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by 
Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  Vermont.  Its  W.  boundary  is 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River  as  far  northward  as 
the  mouth  of  Hall's  Stream,  which  affluent  the  state  line 
ascends  to  its  source,  and  thence  it  follows  eastwardly  the 
erest  of  one  of  the  ranges  called  Notre  Dame  Mountains 
by  the  Canadians,  till  the  W.  boundary  of  Maine  is  reached. 
Its  southern  limit  is  in  lat.  42°  40'  N.  (very  nearly),  ex- 
cept that  eastward  of  the  Merrimac  River  the  state  line 
runs  as  nearly  as  possible  at  a  uniform  distance  of  5  miles 
to  the  north  of  that  stream.  Area,  9305  square  miles,  of 
which  9005  square  miles  constitute  the  land  area,  the  en- 
closed water  surface  of  the  state  occupying  300  square  miles 

Face  of  the  Country. — This  state,  the  "  Switzerland  of 
America,"  is  famed  for  the  picturesque  and  wild  scenery  of 
the  White  and  Franconia  Mountains,  in  its  northern  part, 
and  for  the  beauty  of  its  lakes,  of  which  Lake  Winnepe- 
saukee  is  the  largest  and  finest.  It  has  110,000  acres  of 
lakes.  The  primeval  forests  of  the  extreme  N.  aflFord  much 
timber,  and  are  the  resort  of  the  angler  and  sportsman  in 
the  proper  season.  The  valley  of  the  Connecticut  is  noted 
for  the  quiet  beauty  of  its  farms  and  villages.  Most  of  the 
state  has  a  rough  and  hilly  surface,  except  the  extreme 
S.E.  Among  the  White  and  Franconia  Mountains  the  lof- 
tiest are  Mount  Washington  (6288  feet  high,  the  highest 
point  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi,  except  one 
or  two  peaks  in  North  Carolina),  Mounts  Adams  (5759),  Jef- 
ferson (5657),  Clay  (5553),  Madison  (6415),  Monroe  (5349), 
and  Lafayette  (5250) ;  and  there  are  a  number  of  peaks 
exceeding  4000  feet.  Southward  of  the  White  Mountains 
there  are  numerous  elevated  points,  of  which  Mounts  Cho- 
corua,  Kearsarge,  Moose- Hillock  (or  Moosilauke),  and  the 
Grand  Monadnock  are  among  the  most  noteworth}'.  (The 
state  has  two  mounts  Kearsarge  and  two  Monadnocks,  all 
widely  remote  from  one  another.) 

Geology. — The  eozoic  or  Laurentian  rocks  prevail  through- 
out New  Hampshire,  except  that  along  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  again  in  the  S.E.,  there  are  tracts  whose  accessi- 
ble strata  are  (with  some  doubt)  usually  referred  to  a  Silu- 
rian age.  These  strata  are  highly  metamorphic.  Near 
the  rivers  there  are  some  large  alluvial  plains.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  the  only  important  metallic  ores  in  New  Hamp- 
shire are  the  iron  ores,  wrought  principally  at  Franconia,  but 
abundant  also  at  Piermont,  Landaff,  Gilford,  and  Bartlett. 
Bog  ores  have  been  found  at  various  points.  Lead  and 
silver  have  been  traced,  and  attain  a  rich  development  at 
Madison  and  Warren.  At  Jackson  occurs  a  thin  vein  of 
tin,  which  is  a  rare  metal  in  the  United  States.  Gold  has 
been  mined  at  Lisbon.  Fine  building-granite  is  exten- 
sively quarried  at  several  points  (Concord,  Plymouth, 
Hooksett.  Milford,  Pelham,  Ac).    Francestown  has  quarries 


of  a  fine  soapstone,  which  is  elsewhere  common.  In  1870, 
Carroll  co.  reported  a  yield  of  silver  worth  $10,000,  besides 
some  lead  and  zinc ;  and  the  stone  there  quarried  was  worth 
in  the  aggregate  $309,720.  Some  of  the  largest  beryls 
known  to  exist  have  been  found  in  New  Hampshire,  at  Al- 
stead  and  Acworth.  Useful  mineral  waters  flow  at  several 
points.  Mica,  plumbago,  quartz-sand,  and  pyrites  are 
among  the  utilized  minerals. 

Jiivers. — The  principal  streams  are  the  Connecticut,  with 
its  tributaries  the  Upper  and  Lower  and  Wild  Ammo- 
noosuck,  and  the  Mascoma,  Sugar,  and  Ashuelot ;  the  Mer- 
rimac, with  its  constituent  streams  the  Pemigewasset  and 
the  Winnepesaukee,  and  its  tributaries  the  Contoocook, 
Souhegan,  Nashua,  Spickett,  Suncook,  Ac. ;  the  Piscataqua, 
whose  estuary  is  the  harbor  of  Portsmouth,  and  which  re- 
ceives the  Squamsoot,  Lamprey,  Cocheco,  and  Salmon  Falls ; 
and  the  rivers  Ossipee,  Saco,  and  Androscoggin,  which  flow 
into  Maine  from  this  state.  The  streams  of  New  Hamx)- 
shire  afford  great  water-power,  which  is  largely  utilized. ' 

Coast-line,  dbc. — The  coast  of  New  Hampshire  extends  no 
more  than  18  miles  in  a  right  line,  and  the  only  harbor  is 
shared  by  Portsmouth  and  Kittery,  Me.  The  Isles  of  Shoals, 
in  the  Atlantic,  belong  in  part  to  New  Hampshire  and  in 
part  to  Maine.  At  Rye  and  Hampton  there  are  fine  sea- 
beaches,  much  resorted  to  in  summer. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourist*. — Besides  the  mountain 
region,  already  alluded  to,  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  the  sea- 
beaches  of  Hampton  and  Rye,  and  the  valleys  of  the  Con- 
necticut, Ammonoosuck,  Saco,  and  Androscoggin  attract 
many  visitors  by  reason  of  their  beautiful  scenery.  Ru  mford 
Falls,  Bellows  Falls,  North  Conway  Meadow,  the  "  Vale  of 
Tempo,"  near  Hanover,  and  Lake  Sunapee  are  well  worthy 
of  the  tourist's  attention. 

Agriculture. — Although  large  gains  were  noted  in  every 
census  of  New  Hampshire  previous  to  1860,  yet  her  agri- 
cultural interests  have  long  been  declining,  the  farming 
population  removing  in  great  numbers  to  the  manufactur- 
ing towns  and  to  other  states.  In  the  valley  lands  near 
the  Connecticut,  and  in  some  parts  of  the  Merrimac  Valley, 
there  are  exceedingly  fertile  and  valuable  farms  even  in  the 
N.,  and  many  of  the  abandoned  farms  were  once  productive, 
and  would  be  so  again  if  judiciously  managed.  Much  of 
the  land,  however,  is  stony  and  of  an  untoward  character, 
and  gives  better  returns  as  woodland  and  pasture  than  as 
tillage-land.  For  several  years  the  state  authorities  have 
endeavored  to  assist  the  sale  of  abandoned  lands  to  actual 
settlers,  and  as  a  result  of  these  efforts  350  of  1442  aban- 
doned farms  were  repopulated  during  the  year  1890.  The 
hay-crop  is  by  far  the  most  important  in  New  Hampshire. 
Oats,  barley,  rye,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn 
are  cultivated  very  generally.  Fruit-raising  is  generally 
profitable.  The  peach  does  much  better  in  favorable  locali- 
ties southward  than  in  Massachusetts,  as  the  flower-buds 
start  later  and  are  therefore  less  liable  to  injury  from  the 
frosts  of  spring.  Dairy-farming  and  wool-growing  are  fol- 
lowed to  some  extent.  Tobacco  is  grown  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  state,  near  the  Connecticut,  the  soil  of  the  valley 
being  well  adapted  to  this  crop.  Milk  is  very  profitably 
shipped  by  rail  to  the  Boston  market. 

Forests. — The  principal  forests  are  in  the  extreme  N., 
beyond  the  White  Mountains ;  but  the  state  is  everywhere 
well  wooded,  and  affords  great  amounts  of  timber,  maple 
sugar,  firewood,  tanners'  bark,  charcoal,  Ac.  Much  hard 
wood  is  cut  for  furniture  and  wooden-ware  makers'  use; 
some  pine,  and  many  logs  of  spruce  and  hemlock,  are 
floated  down  the  principal  streams,  to  be  sawn  into  lumber. 

Manufactures  constitute  by  far  the  most  important  indus- 
trial interest  of  New  Hampshire.  The  busy  cities  of  Man- 
chester, Dover,  and  Nashua,  and  scores  of  smaller  towns,  have 
flourishing  manufactures :  indeed,  there  is  hardly  a  town  of 
any  considerable  size  which  has  not  more  or  less  manufac- 
turing industry.  Cotton  and  woollen  goods,  bootff  and  shoes, 
machinery,  and  other  iron  and  metallic  wares,  are  the  lead- 
ing articles  of  manufacture ;  but  paper,  carriages,  furniture, 
hosiery,  leather,  lumber,  wooden-ware,  and  a  very  large 
variety  of  other  goods,  are  extensively  made. 

Railroads,  which  in  1846  extended  92  miles,  in  1800 
measured  1147  miles.  The  cost  of  construction  was  remark- 
ably low  as  compared  with  that  of  most  of  the  railroads  of 
the  United  States.  Some  42  distinct  roads  have  been  re- 
cently consolidated  into  5  systems, — the  Grand  Trunk,  the 
Connecticut  River,  the  Fitchburg,  the  Coneord  A  Montreal, 
and  thel3o8ton  A  Maine.  Since  the  consolidation  the  facili- 
ties have  been  improved,  and  the  earnings  have  increased. 
Finances. — Thedebtof  New  Hampshire  in  1890  amounted 
to  $2,691,019.45,  consisting  mostly  of  trust  funds,  several 
series  of  state  bonds,  and  a  prison  loan,  and  principally 


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bearing  an  interest  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum.     Its  assets 
,566.11,  maKing  its  net  debt  $2,481,453.34.     In 


the  same  year  the  state  had  a  revenue,  principally  derived 
from  taxation,  of  $1,365,426.39. 

The  Counties  are  10  in  number, — viz.,  Belknap,  Carroll, 
Cheshire,  Coos,  Grafton,  Hillsborough,  Merrimack,  Rock- 
ingham, Strafford,  and  Sullivan. 

The  principal  towns  and  cities  are  Concord,  the  capi- 
tal (pop.  in  1890,  17,004),  Manchester  (44,126),  Nashua 
(19,311),  Dover  (12,790),  Portsmouth  (9827),  Keene  (7446), 
Rochester  (7396),  Somersworth  (6207),  Laconia  (6143), 
Claremont  (5565),  Exeter  (4284),  Franklin  (4086),  Ac. 
These  are  nearly  all  important  manufacturing  centres. 

Government,  &c. — The  governor  is  elected  annually  by 
the  people,  or,  if  a  majority  of  votes  is  not  obtained,  the 
legislature  makes  the  choice.  The  legislature  consists  of  a 
senate  of  12,  and  a  house  of  representatives  of  a  varying 
number  of  members,  also  chosen  annually.  The  oflScers  of 
the  judiciary  are  appointed  by  the  governor  for  life.  The 
state  sends  2  members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and 
has  4  electoral  votes.  Voters  must  have  lived  six  months 
in  the  town  where  they  vote. 

Education. — The  public  school  system  of  New  Hampshire 
Is  an  effective  one,  all  parts  of  the  state,  except  the  sparsely 
settled  districts,  having  excellent  free  schools.  Graded  and 
high  schools  are  maintained  in  many  of  the  towns.  There 
is  a  state  normal  school  at  Plymouth.  There  is  a  state 
board  of  education,  with  state  and  local  superintendents 
and  county  supervisors.  The  number  of  academies,  semi- 
naries, and  parochial  and  other  private  schools  is  large. 
Hanover  is  the  seat  of  Dartmouth  College,  with  its  afSliated 
schools  of  science,  engineering,  medicine,  and  agriculture. 
Public  schools  are  in  the  main  sustained  by  general  and 
local  taxation  and  by  the  income  of  certain  funds.  Com- 
pulsory education  is  provided  for  by  statute.  Among  the 
public  institutions  are  the  state  insane  asylum  and  the 
state  prison  at  Concord,  an  incorporated  orphanage  at 
Franklin,  a  state  reform  school  at  Manchester,  and  a  home 
for  disabled  soldier?  and  sailors  at  Tilton. 

History. — New  Hampshire  was  a  portion  of  the  short- 
lived Laconia  province,  was  settled  at  Portsmouth  and 
Dover  in  1623,  came  at  several  times  under  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  Massachusetts,  was  for  80  years  the  scene  of  bloody 
Indian  wars,  and  after  1741  was,  without  interruption,  a 
royal  province  until  the  Revolution,  during  which  war  the 
New  Hampshire  troops  won  much  distinction.  This  state 
has  given  to  the  nation  one  president,  Franklin  Pierce,  and 
was  the  birthplace  of  many  eminent  public  men,  among 
whom  were  Daniel  Webster,  Lewis  Cass,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
and  Horace  Greeley.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  the  state 
and  her  troops  bore  parts  of  honor  and  distinction. 

Population. — The  original  settlers  of  New  Hampshire 
were  of  English  descent,  with  a  large  admixture  of  the 
vigorous  and  enterprising  Scotch-Irish  stock,  from  which 
many  of  the  principal  New  Hampshire  families  trace  their 
descent;  but  of  late  there  has  been  much  emigration  to 
other  states,  and  this  emigration  has  been  only  in  part 
compensated  for  by  the  inflow  of  foreign  immigrants,  prin- 
cipally of  Irish,  French  Canadian,  and  Nova  Scotia  birth. 
Pop.  in  1790,  141,899;  in  1800,183,762;  in  1810,  214,360; 
in  1820,  244,161;  in  1830,  269,328;  in  1840,  284,574:  in 
1860,  317,976 ;  in  1860,  326,073 ;  in  1870,  318,300 ;  in  1880, 
346,991 ;  in  1890,  376,630. 

New  Hampshire,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0., 
about  18  miles  S.S.B.  of  Lima.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chickasaw 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  N.  boundary  of  New  Hampton  township, 
and  on  the  Iowa  &  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Charles  City. 
It  has  2  banks,  2  newspaper  ofiBces,  and  7  churches.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1314;  of  the  township,  2248. 

New  Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 
in  New  Hampton  township,  near  the  Merrimac  River, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Concord,  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  La- 
conia. It  contains  2  churches,  the  New  Hampton  Literary 
and  Biblical  Institution,  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1257.  The  N.  part  of  the  township 
is  traversed  by  the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal  Railroad. 

New  Hampton,  a  post- village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  on  the  main 
line  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  17 
miles  E.  of  Easton. 

New  Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Middletown,  and  64  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York.  It 
has  about  25  dwellings. 

New  Han'over,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  N  rth  Caro- 


lina, is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Cape  Fear  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Northeast  Branch  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  is  partly  occupied  by  swamps  and  forests  of  pine.  The 
soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  Indian  com,  sweet  potatoes,  <fcc. 
The  chief  articles  of  export  are  lumber,  tar,  and  turpentine. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  the 
Wilmington,  Onslow  <fe  East  Carolina  Railroad,  and  other 
railroads.  The  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad 
terminates  at  Wilmington,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Area, 
90  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870  (since  which  time  its  area 
has  been  reduced),  27,978;  in  1880,  21,376  ;  in  1890,  24,026. 

New  Hanover)  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  20 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  2  miles  from  Attica. 

New  Hanover,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  2536.  It  contains  Cookstown,  Jaoobstown,  Pointville, 
and  Wrightstown. 

New  Hanover,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Hanover  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Reading.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  contains  Fag- 
leysville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1900. 

New  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Bristol  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  mainly  supported 
by  fisheries. 

New  Har'bor,  a  fishing- village  in  the  district  of  Bur- 
geo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  to  Ren- 
contre Bay,  42  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  127. 

New  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  25  miles  S.  of  Guysborough.     Pop.  150. 

New  Harbor,  a  fishing-village  on  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  240. 

New  Har'mony,  a  post- village  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Harmony  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  about  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Evansville,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Mount  Vernon. 
In  1825,  Robert  Owen,  the  Socialist,  purchased  this  place 
and  made  here  an  unsuccessful  experiment  of  his  system. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  New  Harmony 
has  a  bank,  a  higa  school,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
flour  and  whisky.     Pop.  in  1890,  1197. 

New  Harmony,  a  village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  5  miles  S.  W. 
of  Curryville  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

New  Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

New  Harmony,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  Utah, 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Toquerville.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Har'risbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

New  Harrisbnrg,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  town- 
ship, Carroll  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S.  of  Malvern  Station.  It 
has  2  churches. 

New  Hart'ford,  or  North  End,  a  post-village  in 
New  Hartford  township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  Farming- 
ton  River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  CoUinsville  Branch  of  the  New  Haven  & 
Northampton  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  savings-bank,  a  hotel,  2  cotton-mills,  and,  including 
the  adjacent  village  of  Pine  Meadow,  it  contains  6  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3160. 

New  Harttord,  a  post-village  of  Pike  oo.,  III.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Quinoy.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  200. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  in  Beaver  township, 
Butler  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  k 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn., 
on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Winona.     Pop.  881. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township. 
Pike  CO.,  Mo.,  11  miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  in  New  Hartford  town- 
ship, Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  Branch  of  the  Mid 
land  Railroad,  and  on  the  Utica,  Chenango  &  Susquehanna 
Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  cotton-factories,  a  flouring-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  knit  goods.     Pop.  743;  of  the  township,  4397. 

Newha'ven,  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex, 
on  the  Ouse,  at  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Lewes.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a 
church,  a  drawbridge  across  the  Ouse,  a  small  fort,  and  a 
good  harbor.  It  exports  agricultural  produce,  and  imports 
coal  and  foreign  timber.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  4955. 

Newhaven,  a  village  of  Scotland,  2  miles  N.  of  Edin- 


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1969 


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burgh,  and  connected  with  that  city  by  the  Northern  Rail- 
way. It  has  a  tidal  harbor,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  rebuilt 
in  1877,  at  a  cost  of  £10,000.     Pop.  4694. 

New  Ma'veii)  the  most  populous  county  of  Connecti- 
cut, is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state.  Area,  619  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Housatonio  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Naugatuck  and  Quinepiac  Rivers.  It  has  several  good 
harbors.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  elm,  hickory,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  generally  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  Indian  corn, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is 
verd-antique  marble,  a  mixture  of  serpentine  and  lime- 
stone. A  mine  of  barytes  has  been  opened  in  this  county, 
which  has  extensive  manufactures  of  hardware,  plated 
ware,  carriages,  cutlery,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <fc  Hartford  Railroad,  the 
Housatonio  Railroad,  the  Meriden,  Waterbury  &  Connec- 
ticut Railroad,  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad, 
and  other  lines.  Capital,  New  Haven.  Pop.  in  1870, 
121,257;  in  1880,  156,523;  in  1890,  209,058. 

New  HaveU;  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  county 
seat  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  and  the  largest  and  most 
populous  city  of  the  state,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  New 
Haven  Harbor,  4  miles  above  its  entrance  into  Long  Island 
Sound,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
road, 74  miles  B.N.E.  of  New  York,  and  36  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hartford,  the  state  capital.  Lat.  41°  18'  23"  N.;  Ion. 
72°  56'  30"  W.  New  Haven  stands  upon  a  plain  which  is 
enclosed  landward  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  of  which 
two,  called  East  Rock  and  West  Rock,  rise  from  300  to  400 
feet  in  rugged,  perpendicular  precipices,  producing  a  very 
picturesque  effect.  Three  small  streams,  the  Quinepiac  on 
the  E.,  with  Mill  River,  its  afluent,  and  the  West  River  on 
the  W.,  intersect  this  plain  and  fall  into  the  harbor.  The 
streets  of  New  Haven  are  wide,  and  generally  skirted 
with  majestic  elms,  for  which  this  city  is  noted,  the  dwell- 
ings being  generally  built  in  separate  plots.  There  are 
4  large  natural  parks  on  the  outskirts,  besides  more  than 
12  smaller  parks  scattered  through  the  city,  among  them 
being  the  well-known  East  Rock  Park,  with  its  drive- 
ways to  the  top,  and  West  Rock  Park,  with  the  famous 
Judges'  Cave,  which  was  the  place  of  concealment  of  the 
regicides  Whalley  and  Goffe,  it  having  also  a  drive-way 
to  the  top.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  city  are  also  Fort 
Wooster  Park,  on  the  hills  overlooking  the  city,  and  Fort 
Hale  Park,  along  the  shore  of  the  harbor.  Under  a  town 
organization,  consisting  of  15  wards,  the  voters  elect  7 
selectmen,  a  town  clerk,  a  registrar  of  vital  statistics,  a 
treasurer  and  collector  of  taxes,  a  board  of  education,  Ac, 
while  under  a  city  charter  there  are  12  wards,  and  the  citi- 
zens elect  a  mayor,  a  city  clerk,  a  treasurer  and  collector  of 
taxes,  Ac,  a  board  of  aldermen  (2  from  each  ward),  and  a 
city  council  (3  from  each  ward).  The  mayor,  aldermen, 
and  council  select  certain  administrative  boards  and  sub- 
ordinate oflBcers.  The  schools  of  New  Haven,  both  public 
and  private,  are  of  a  high  order  of  excellence.  Conspicu- 
ous among  these  is  the  Hopkins  Grammar-School,  founded 
in  1660.  New  Haven  is  also  the  seat  of  Yale  University, 
chartered  by  the  colonial  general  assembly  of  Connecticut 
in  1701,  and  which  from  the  outset  has  stood  in  the  fore- 
most rank  among  the  educational  institutions  of  this  coun- 
try. Besides  the  numerous  buildings  belonging  to  the 
university  (the  finest  of  which  are  Winchester  Hall,  Chit- 
tenden Library,  Osborn  Hall,  the  Gymnasium,  and  Peabody 
Museum),  and  more  than  30  public  school  buildings,  New 
Haven  has  a  United  States  building  of  Portland  stone,  in 
which  the  custom-house,  post-office,  and  the  United  States 
courts  are  located ;  a  city  hall  and  a  county  court-house,  a 
free  public  library,  2  hospitals,  2  orphan  asylums,  an  alms- 
house, Ac,  and  some  65  churches.  It  has  also  9  regular 
banks,  a  trust  company  doing  a  general  banking  business, 
3  savings-banks,  an  insurance  company,  Ac.  There  are  7 
daily,  1  semi-weekly,  and  11  weekly  papers,  and  1  quarterly 
and  2  monthly  magazines  published  here.  New  Haven  has 
an  ample  supply  of  good  water,  is  well  lighted  with  gas  and 
electricity,  and  has  a  model  sewer  system.  It  also  has  an 
extensive  system  of  street  railways.  As  a  business  centre 
it  holds  no  mean  rank,  having  a  large  inland  and  coastwise 
commerce,  besides  a  considerable  foreign  trade,  carried  on 
both  direct  and  through  New  York.  The  exports  of  New 
Haven  during  1890  aggregated  $1,626,225.  During  the 
year  1892  the  foreign  imports  amounted  to  $489,796,  in- 
cluding perfumery,  tin-plate,  corset-trimmings,  carriage- 
trimmings,  iron  and  steel,  rags,  Ac,  and  the  duties  collected 
were  $116,032.22.  Its  manufacturing  interests  are  exten- 
sive; there  are  1042  establishments,  employing  a  capital 


of  $16,826,635,  and  producing  a  great  variety  of  articles, 
as  corsets,  carriages,  docks,  fire-arma,  hardware,  cutlery, 
india-rubber  and  gutta-percha  goods,  mosioal  instruments, 
Ac,  and  a  vast  number  of  iron  and  8t«el  products.  New 
Haven  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  railroad  system,  con- 
sisting of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford,  Housa- 
tonio, New  Haven  A  Northampton,  Providence  A  Worcester, 
and  other  railroads,  being  the  second  largest  and  beet 
equipped  system  in  New  England.  There  are  also  two 
steamboat  lines  between  here  and  New  York. 

New  Haven  was  first  settled  in  1638  by  a  company  from 
London,  led  by  Rev.  John  Davenport  and  Theophilus 
Eaton.  It  constituted  an  independent  colony  until  1662, 
when  it  united  with  the  Connecticut  Colony.  It  was  semi- 
capital  of  the  colony  and  subsequently  of  the  state  until 
1873,  when  Hartford  was  made  the  sole  capital.  New 
Haven  was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1784.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1830,  10,678 ;  in  1840,  14,390 ;  in  1860,  22,529,  of 
whom  20,.341  resided  within  the  city ;  in  1860  (the  town- 
ship and  city  having  been  made  coextensive),  39,267 ;  in 
1870,  50,840;  in  1880,  62,882;  in  1890,  of  the  city  proper, 
81,298 ;  of  the  township,  including  the  city,  86,045. 

New  Haven,  a  pos1>- village  of  Gallatin  co..  111.,  on  the 
Little  Wabash  River,  2  or  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about 

15  miles  N.  of  Shawneetown.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  336. 

New  Haven,  a  post- village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Adanu 
township,  on  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  6  miles  B.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  about  1  mile  S.  of 
the  Maumee  River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1079. 

New  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  lows,  in 
Douglas  township,  8^  miles  E.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  church, 
a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

New  Haven,  a  post- village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad  (Knoxville  branch),  45  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  banking-house,  Ac.     Pop.  In  1890,  389. 

New  Haven,  township,  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1394. 

New  Haven,  a  post- village  in  Lenox  township,  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Detroit.  It  has  a  union  school,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  and  lumber.  It  is  sometimes 
called  New  Baltimore  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  606. 

New  Haven,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  ce.,  Mich. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1752. 

New  Haven,  township,  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  716. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  67  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steamboat-landing.  The 
name  of  the  station  is  Miller's  Landing.    Pop.  in  1890,  767. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Oswego,  and  2  or  3  miles  S.  of 
Lake  Ontario.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  about 
60  houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  1657. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  Crosby  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Harrison,  and  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  wagon-shops. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Preston. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Huron  River,  32  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Sandusky,  and  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  Pop.  about 
500  ;  of  the  township,  2274. 

New  Haven,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co.,  Ps.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the  South- 
west Pennsylvania  and  Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Baltimore 
Railroads,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Connellsville,  and  56  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  locomotives.     Pop.  in  1890,  1221. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on  tne  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  of  Burlington,  and  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Vergennes.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy.  A  marble-quarry  has  been 
opened  near  this  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1224. 

New  Haven,  a  poit-village  of  Mason  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  from  Pomeroy,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  coal-mines,  salt-works,  and  a 
steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  595. 

New  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Adams  oo.,  Wis.,  about 

16  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  oonteins  a  hamlet  named 
Big  Spring.     Pop.  in  1890,  746. 

New  Haven  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Gratiot  co., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing. 

New  Haven  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  oo.,yt., 
on  New  Haven  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Middlebury. 


NEW 


1970 


NEW 


New  Heb'rides,  an  island  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
between  lat.  14°  and  20°  S.  and  Ion.  168°  and  170°  E.,  and 
having  New  Caledonia  on  the  S.  and  the  Feejee  Islands  on 
the  E.  The  principal  islands  are  Ambrim,  Annatom,  Au- 
rora, Erromango,  MalliooUo,  and  Tanna.  The  natives  are 
of  the  Papuan  race. 

New  He'bron,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo.,  HI.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Robinson,  and  about  26  miles  N.B.  of  Olney. 
It  has  2  churches. 

New  Hel'ena,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Custer  co.,  Neb. 

New  Helvetia.    See  Nueva  Helvetia. 

New  Hemp'stead,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  <fc 
New  York  Railroad,  in  Ramapo  township,  Rockland  co., 
N.Y.,  34  miles  by  rail  from  New  York. 

New  Hill,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Air-Line  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

New  Holland,  a  former  name  of  Australia. 

New  Hol'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Lincoln.   It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  elevator. 

New  Holland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Salamonie  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Wabash.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Holland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Hol- 
land. 

New  Holland,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Pick- 
away CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley  Rail- 
road, 87  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  17  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Circleville.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  graded 
Bchool.     Pop.  about  600, 

New  Holland,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  East  Brandywine  &  Waynesburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W. 
of  Waynesburg,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading,  and  50  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  coaches,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1060. 

New  Hol'liday,  a  station  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Paris. 

New  Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post-village  in  New  Hol- 
etein  township,  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  72  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  a  masonic  lodge,  Ac.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1965. 

New  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  in  New 
Home  township,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pleasanton,  Slanaas. 
Good  coal  abounds  here. 

New  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Tecumseh.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Hope,  a  post- village  of  Madison  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  Ark.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Murfreesborough. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Mokelumne  River,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Gait.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  store. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  oo.,  Ga.,  5  miles 
N.  of  Dallas.  A  battle  was  fought  here  in  May,  1864,  be- 
tween Generals  Sherman  and  Johnston. 

New  Hope,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  299. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Knoxville  Branch  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

New  Hope,  a  hamlet  of  Caroline  oo.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  Federalsburg. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cof^eville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

New  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  about 
52  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  6  miles  from  the  Missis- 
sippi River.    It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  186. 

New  Hope,  a  post- village  in  Niles  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

New  Hope,  township,  Chatham  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1760. 

New  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  15  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Statesville.     Pop.  of  New  Hope  township,  871. 

New  Hope,  township,  Perquimans  co.,  N.C.    P.  1933. 

New  Hope,  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop,  1095. 

New  Hope,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1520. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Scott 
township,  38  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  145.     See  also  Upshur. 

New  Hope,  a  post-borough  in  Solebury  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  15  miles  above  Trenton, 
and  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cotton-factory,  2  flouring-mills,  a  coach-factory,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.  Pop. 
1 225.    A  bridge  connects  it  with  Lambertville,  N.  J. 


New  Hope  (Borard  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Butler 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Slippery  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the  Shenango  <b 
Alleghany  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mercer.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 

New  Hope,  township,  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  951. 

New  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Hope,  a  station  of  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg 
&  Piedmont  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Orange  Station,  Va. 

New  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  abcut 
13  miles  E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Hinton.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  in 
New  Hope  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Amherst  Station,  and 
about  54  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1037. 

New  Hope,  Ontario.    See  Hespeler. 

New  Hope  Academy,  post-office,  Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

New  Hope  Church,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

New  Hope  Station,  a  post-office  of  Preble  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Eaton. 

New  Hor'ton,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  oo.  of 
Albert,  on  CumberlaQd  Basin,  84  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John. 
Lat.  45°  40'  N.     Pop.  150. 

New  House,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

New  Hnd'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mioh., 
32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  150. 

New  Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  New  Hudson  township,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Belmont.     Pop.  of  township,  1148. 

New  Hudson  Corners,  N.Y.    See  Black  Crebk. 

New  Hur'ley,  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Newbnrg. 
New  Hurley  Station  is  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston. 

New  Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  New  York.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  silk  ribbons. 

New  Ibe'ria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iberia  parish, 
La.,  is  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Teohe,  about  100  miles  in  a 
direct  line  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  12  miles  from  Vermilion 
Bay.  It  has  a  Catholic  college,  a  convent,  2  newspaper 
offices,  6  churches,  3  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  sash  and  blinds.  Cotton  and  sugar  are  shipped 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3447. 

New  laria,  id're-a,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  oo.,  Cal., 
about  120  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a 
rich  mine  of  cinnabar  (quicksilver),  also  a  church. 

New'ington,  a  southern  suburb  of  London,  England, 
in  Surrey,  and  in  the  borough  of  Lambeth.  Pop.  of 
parish,  88,722. 

Newin§^ton,  a  large  southern  suburb  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland. 

New'ington,  or  Newington  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Newington  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  6  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Hartford.  The  township  contains  2  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  and  2  large  brick-yards,  also  another  village, 
named  Newington  Junction. 

Newington,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Piscataqua,  and  on  the  W. 
by  Great  Bay.  Pop.  414.  Newington  Station  on  the  Ports 
mouth  A  Dover  Railroad  is  4  miles  N.W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Newington  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Newington 
township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence 
A  Fishkill  and  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Rail- 
roads, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford. 

New  In'terest,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

New  Ips'wich,  a  post-village  in  New  Ipswich  town- 
ship, Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  3  miles  from  Greenville  Sta- 
tion, and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  machinery,  chairs,  cigars,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1380. 

New  Ire'land,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  forming 
the  N.E.  side  of  St.  George's  Channel,  between  lat.  2°  35' 
and  5°  2'  S.,  Ion.  150°  30'  and  152°  50'  E.  It  is  about  200 
miles  long,  by  about  20  miles  in  average  breadth. 
New  Ireland,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Miss. 
New  Jas'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  New 
Jasper  township,  1  mile  from  the  Dayton  A  Southeastern 
Railroad,  and  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  « 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1084. 

New  Jenerson,  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     See  Jefferson. 
New  Jefferson,  or  Germano,  a  post-village  of 
Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  German  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Cadij 
Junction.     It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  wagon- 
shop.     Pop.  about  300.     Here  is  Germano  Post-Office. 


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New  Jersey,  j?r'zee,  one  of  the  Atlantic  states  of  the 
American  Union,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  New  York,  E,  by 
New  York  and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  the  Atlantic  and  Dela- 
ware Bay,  and  W.  by  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania.  From 
New  York  it  is  divided,  in  part)  by  the  Hudson  River,  New 
York  Bay,  the  Kill  van  Kull,  Staten  Island  Sound,  and 
Raritan  Bay  j  and  the  Delaware  River  and  Bay  wa^h  its 
entire  western  border.  It  extends  167  miles  northwardly 
from  lat.  38°  56'  to  41"  21'  N.,  and  its  extreme  E.  and  W. 
points  are  respectively  in  W.  Ion.  73°  54'  and  76°  33'. 
Area,  7815  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — In  the  N.W,  the  Blue  and  Shaw- 
angunk  or  Highland  ranges  of  mountains,  with  the  inter- 
mediate and  highly-fertile  Kittatinny  Valley,  traverse  the 
state,  the  last-mentioned  range  consisting  of  several  minor 
parallel  ridges.  These  mountains  never  exceed  1800  feet 
in  altitude.  Southeastward  lies  a  wide  plateau,  broken  by 
low  ridges  (called  mountains)  continuous  with  the  Palisade 
traps  of  the  Hudson  River.  The  remaining  three-fifths 
of  the  state,  lying  southeastward  from  a  line  running  from 
Trenton  to  Raritan  Bay,  is  a  very  level  tract,  the  High- 
lands or  Neversink  Hills  being  the  principal  elevations. 
Much  of  the  southern  part  of  New  Jersey  is  very  sandy, 
and  is  partly  covered  by  pine  forests. 

Oeology,  Minerals,  &c. — In  the  N.W.  the  Silurian  and 
Devonian  formations  prevail,  and  among  their  economic  re- 
sources are  abundant  and  excellent  roofing-slates  and 
building-  and  flag-stones,  including  magnesian  limestone, 
used  by  both  the  lime-burner  and  the  stone-cutter.  Rich 
hematites  are  also  abundant  here.  The  Shawangunk  Moun- 
tains are  generally  of  stratified  azoic  rocks,  and  afford  zinc 
ores,  Pranklinite,  gneiss,  and  abundant  magnetic  iron  ores. 
Southeastward  of  the  Highlands  comes  a  triassic  plateau, 
much  broken  by  trap  dikes,  and  affording  copper  ores,  red 
sandstone  for  building-uses,  <fcc.  Passing  southeastward, 
we  next  encounter  a  belt  of  the  cretaceous,  which,  like  the 
preceding  formations,  extends  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  across  the 
state.  It  affords  the  valuable  greensand  marl,  much  em- 
ployed as  a  fertilizer,  and  its  beds  of  moulding-sand,  fire- 
clay, and  fictile  clays  are  highly  important.  A  line  drawn 
from  Salem  to  Long  Branch  would  somewhat  roughly  define 
the  S.E,  border  of  the  cretaceous.  The  remainder  of  the  state 
is  regarded  as  mainly  of  the  tertiary  and  quaternary  times, 
and  its  useful  minerals  are  peat,  bog  iron  ore,  and  glass- 
sand.  The  Amboy  cretaceous  clay  is  highly  prized  for 
making  gas-retorts  and  fire-brick,  and  the  New  Jersey 
Franklinite  is  employed  in  making  Bessemer  steel  and  zinc. 
Rivers,  Coast-Line,  Navigation,  &c. — Besides  the  Hudson 
and  Delaware,  the  principal  streams  are  the  Wallkill,  Hack- 
ensack,  Passaic,  Raritan,  Navasink,  Shark,  Manasquan,  Me- 
tedeconk,  Toms,  Little  Egg  Harbor,  Great  Egg  Harbor, 
Maurice,  Cohansey,  Rancocas,  Millstone,  Musconetcong, 
and  Paulinskill  Rivers.  Of  these  a  number  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  state  are  navigable  tidal  streams,  which,  with 
the  "thoroughfares,"  or  navigable  channels  in  the  salt- 
marshes,  afford  considerable  extent  of  inland  navigation. 
This  is  increased  by  the  canals  of  the  state,  of  which  the 
chief  are  the  Morris  Canal,  101  miles  long,  from  Jersey 
€ity  to  Phillipsburg,  and  the  Delaware  &  Raritan,  extend- 
ing 43  miles,  exclusive  of  feeders,  from  Trenton  to  New 
Brunswick.  The  latter  canal  is  a  channel  of  steamboat 
communication  between  New  York  and  Philadelphia.  Along 
the  eastern  coast  there  is  a  series  of  bays  and  sounds  fenced 
from  the  open  sea  by  long  spits  of  sand,  broken  by  inlets, 
through  some  of  which  small  vessels  can  pass.  Among 
these  are  the  Shark  River,  Wreck  Pond,  Manasquan,  Bar- 
negat,  Egg  Harbor,  New,  Corson's,  Townsend's,  Hereford, 
Turtle  Gut,  and  Cold  Spring  Inlete.  There  is  a  small  for- 
eign and  a  large  coasting  trade.  Newark,  Perth  Amboy, 
Oreat  Egg  Harbor,  Tuokerton,  Bridgeton,  and  Lumberton 
are  ports  of  entry ;  and  Jersey  City,  Elizabeth,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Trenton,  Burlington,  Camden,  and  other  towns  have 
a  large  share  of  the  general  commerce.  Jersey  City,  in 
particular,  handles  great  amounts  of  freight,  which  is  re- 
turned as  belonging  to  the  commerce  of  New  York.  Con- 
siderable ship-building  is  carried  on.  The  fisheries  of  the 
state  include  deep-sea-fishing,  the  oyster-trade,  the  taking 
of  shad,  bass,  sturgeon,  <fcc.,  in  the  rivers,  and  the  capture 
of  menhaden  and  other  fish  for  oil  and  fish  guano.  The 
state  has  of  late  done  much  for  the  furthering  of  the  fresh- 
water fisheries,  and  the  Delaware  has  been  very  successfully 
stocked  with  black  bass.  Small  menhaden  are  packed  in 
oil  in  this  state,  and  sold  for  sardines.  The  anchovy 
abounds  in  the  waters  of  New  Jersey,  and  might  be  largely 
taken.  The  bluefish,  sheepshead,  and  Spanish  mackerel 
are  highly-prized  food-fishes,  here  extensively  caught. 
Places  nf  Interest   to    Tourist*. — Among   these   are  the 


Delaware  Water  Gap,  Passaic  Falls,  at  Paterson,  Lake* 
Hopatcong  and  Greenwood,  the  sea-bathing  resort*  at  Cap* 
May,  Atlantic  City,  Long  Branch,  Deal,  Manasquan,  Bar- 
negat,  Tuckerton,  and  other  places  on  tlie  cimst,  and  the 
mineral  spring  at  Schooley's  Mountain. 

The  Agriculture  of  New  Jersey  constitutef  a  very  im- 
portant interest.  The  fertility  and  easy  tilth  of  its  aoil, 
and  the  proximity  of  the  markets  of  New  York  and  Phila- 
delphia, have  greatly  stimulated  agriculture.  The  Kitta- 
tinny Valley,  and  the  triassic  and  cretaceous  belts  of  th« 
state,  are  among  the  finest  agricultural  lands  in  the  world^ 
and  the  light  sandy  tertiary  soils,  when  dressed  judiciously 
with  the  greensand  marl,  or  with  sea-manures,  have  is 
many  instances  been  cultivated  with  fine  results.  The 
pine  region  in  the  S.  has  been  found  well  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  grapes  and  small  fruits  for  market.  Market- 
gardening,  truck-farming,  and  commercial  floriculture  are 
extensively  carried  on  near  New  York  and  Philadelphia. 
More  than  $3,000,000  worth  of  cranberries  are  sometimes 
produced  in  a  year,  chiefly  in  the  marsh  region  near  the 
coast.  Apples,  cider,  pears,  peaches,  blackberries,  raspber- 
ries, and  strawberries  are  important  products.  Sweet  and 
other  potatoes,  the  cereal  grains,  and  hay,  valued  in  the 
aggregate  at  about  $25,000,000,  are  annually  produced ;  and 
the  live-stock  is  reported  to  be  worth  about  $30,000,000. 
The  sales  of  milk,  butter,  wool,  hops,  tobacco,  grass-,  clover-, 
garden-,  and  flower-seeds,  and  nursery  trees  and  plants,  are 
of  large  aggregate  value. 

Manufactures. — New  Jersey,  favored  by  her  easy  commu- 
nication with  the  Pennsylvania  coal  region  and  the  great 
markets  of  the  North,  and  by  the  amplitude  of  her  water- 
power,  has  become  one  of  the  leading  states  in  the  Union 
in  her  manufactures.  Boots,  shoes,  bread,  bricks,  cars,  car- 
riages, carpets,  chemicals,  clothing,  cotton  goods,  fire-brick, 
flour,  glass,  hardware,  hats,  india-rubber  goods,  iron,  jewelry, 
leather,  leathern  goods,  lumber,  machinery,  morocco,  paints, 
printed  goods,  pottery,  silks,  steel,  saddlery,  soap,  tiles, 
tinware,  trunks,  and  woollen  goods  are  among  the  leading 
articles  of  manufacture.  The  state  holds  the  first  rank  in 
the  manufacture  of  silk  goods  and  trunks,  and  has  become 
noted  for  its  pottery  and  crockery. 

Railroads. — Since  1830,  when  14  miles  of  the  Camden  <fc 
Amboy  road  were  in  operation,  there  has  been  a  great  ex- 
tension of  the  railroad  interest,  although  that  corporation 
had  a  depressing  and  injurious  monopoly  until  1873,  when 
a  free  railroad  law  was  passed.  In  1850  there  were  318 
miles  of  railroad;  in  1856,  466  miles j  in  1860,  560  miles; 
in  1865,  864  miles;  in  1870,  1125  miles;  in  1875,  1511 
miles;  in  1880,  1684  miles;  in  1885,  1896  miles;  and  in 
1890,  2063  miles. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  bonded  state  debt  was  reduced  to 
$1,096,300,  and  the  floating  debt  of  $400,000  to  $300,000. 
The  receipts  to  the  sinking  fund  were  $166,418.03,  and 
payments  therefrom,  including  $100,000  of  the  principal  of 
the  state  debt  paid,  were  $170,726.69.  The  total  value  of 
the  sinking  fund  was  $553,107.76.  The  actual  revenue  for 
the  year  was  $1,794,698.14,  and  the  disbursements  were 
$1,602,933.75.  Among  tbe^u^i^ic  institutions  are  the  luna- 
tic asylums  at  Trenton  and  Morristown,  the  state  prison  at 
Trenton,  the  reform  schools  at  Jamesburg  and  Trenton,  and 
the  soldiers'  home  at  Newark. 

Education  is  provided  for  by  general  and  local  taxes,  by 
the  income  of  a  permanent  school  fund,  and  by  the  sales 
and  rentals  of  certain  riparian  lands  belonging  to  the  state. 
There  is  a  state  board  of  education,  as  well  as  state,  county, 
and  city  superintendents.  At  Trenton  there  is  a  state  nor- 
mal and  model  school,  and  a  preparatory  training-school  at 
Beverly,  besides  several  city  normal  or  teachers'  schools. 
Graded  schools  are  sustained  in  the  more  populous  districts. 
Princeton  is  the  seat  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  (Prea- 
byterian),  and  of  affiliated  theological  and  soientiflosohooli; 
at  New  Brunswick  is  Rutgers  College  (Reformed),  with  a 
scientific  and  a  theological  seminary,  also  the  state  agri- 
cultural college, ;  Seton  Hall,  at  South  Orange,  is  a  Roman 
Catholic  college;  and  Burlington  College  is  an  Episcopalian 
institution.  There  is  a  Methodist  theological  seminary  at 
Madison,  and  a  German  Presbyterian  divinity  school  at 
Bloomfield.  Hoboken  is  the  seat  of  the  Stevens  Institute 
of  Technology,  and  the  state  has  numerous  parish  and  pri- 
vate schools,  many  of  them  of  high  character. 

The  counties  number  21,  as  follows:  Atlantic,  Bergen, 
Burlington,  Camden,  Cape  May,  Cumberland,  Essex,  Glou- 
cester, Hudson,  Hunterdon,  Meroer,  Middlesex,  Monmouth, 
Morris,  Ocean,  Passaic,  Salem,  Somerset,  Sussex,  Union, 
and  Warren. 

The  principal  cities  and  loum*  are  Trenton,  the  capital 
(pop.  in  1 890.  57,458),  Newark,  the  most  populous  town 


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(181,830),  Jersey  City  (163,003),  Paterson  (78,347),  Cam- 
den (68,313),  Hoboken  (43,648),  Elizabeth  (37,764),  Ba- 
yonne  (19,033),  Orange  (18,844),  New  Brunswick  (18,603), 
Atlantic  City  (13,055),  Passaic  (13,028),  Bridgeton  (11,424), 
Plainfield  (11,267),  Union  (10,643),  Millville  (10,002),  Perth 
Amboy  (9612),  Phillipsburg  (8644),  Harrison  (8338),  Mor- 
ristown  (8166),  Burlington  (7264),  Long  Branch  (7231), 
Rahway  (7105),  Gloucester  (6564),  Haokensack  (6004), 
Salem  (5516),  besides  other  thriving  villages  and  towns, 
such  as  South  Amboy,  Bordentown,  Red  Bank,  Lambert- 
ville,  Princeton,  Woodbury,  South  Orange,  Somerville, Vine- 
land,  Cape  May,  Freehold,  Boonton,  Washington,  Flem- 
ington.  Mount  Holly,  Keyport,  Hackettstown,  Belvidere, 
Haddonfield,  Raritan,  and  Beverly.  In  the  summer  season 
many  of  the  seaside  resorts  are  populous  places,  and  thriving 
suburbs  are  numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  the  larger  cities. 

Constitution,  dkc. — The  present  state  constitution  came 
into  force  in  1844.  Citizens  who  vote  must  have  resided 
one  year  in  the  state,  and  five  months  in  the  county  where 
their  vote  is  cast.  The  governor  is  chosen  every  three 
years.  The  legislature  meets  yearly,  and  consists  of  a 
senate  of  21  and  an  assembly  of  60  members.  Judges  are 
appointed  by  the  legislature,  and  serve  for  fixed  terms. 
New  Jersey  has  eight  representatives  in  the  lower  house 
of  Congress. 

History. — The  Dutch  settled  at  Bergen  before  1620,  and 
the  colony  became  a  part  of  the  New  Amsterdam  provinces ; 
and  in  1627  some  Swedes  settled  on  the  Delaware,  regard- 
ing the  country  as  a  part  of  their  province  of  New  Sweden. 
In  1664  the  country  passed  to  the  English  with  New  York, 
and  the  Duke  of  York  finally  made  over  the  whole  to  Sir 
George  Carteret,  from  whose  native  island  of  Jersey  the 
provinces  were  named.  For  a  time  (1682-1702),  William 
Penn  and  a  few  of  his  associates  and  their  successors  were 
proprietors  of  New  Jersey,  before  which  time  there  had,  after 
1674,  been  two  recognized  governments,  called  East  and 
West  Jersey  respectively,  the  latter  being  distinctively  a 
colony  of  Friends.  From  1702  to  1708  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  were  under  the  same  royal  governor.  During  the 
Revolution,  New  Jersey  bore  a  most  patriotic  part,  and  the 
battles  of  Fort  Lee,  Trenton,  Princeton,  Millstone,  Red 
Bank,  and  Monmouth  were  here  fought.  During  the  war 
of  1861-65  the  troops  of  New  Jersey  served  with  honor,  and 
were  among  the  most  efieotive  in  the  national  service. 

The  Population  in  1708  was  estimated  at  40,000 ;  in  1790 
it  was  184,139;  in  1800,  211,149;  in  1810,  245,562;  in 
1820,  277,426;  in  1830,  320,823;  in  1840,  373,306;  in 
1850,  489,555;  in  1860,  672,036;  in  1870,  90fr,096;  in  1880, 
1,131,116;  in  1890,  1,444,933. 

New  Jeru'salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  oo.,  0.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Bellefpntaine.     It  has  6  houses. 

New  Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Bower's  Station,  and  about  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Reading.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Kent,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Pamunkey  and  York  Rivers,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Chickahominy  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  a  little  Indian  corn,  wheat,  <&c.  It  is  intersected 
in  the  N.W.  part  by  the  Richmond  &.  Danville  Railroad, 
and  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  New  Kent  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  4381 ;  in 
1880,  6515;  in  1890,  5511. 

New  Kent  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  White  House  Station, 
and  30  miles  E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Kings'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  W.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Kingston,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.     See  Kingston. 

NeAv'kirk,  a  post-office  of  Dade  co.,  Mo. 

Newkirk,  a  station  in  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad  (Salem  Branch),  13  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

Newkirk,  a  station  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Tamaqua,  Pa.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Newkirk  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Gloversville. 

New  Knob  (nob)  Creek,  post-office,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Knoxville,  nSx'vil,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize 
CO.,  in  Washington  township,  0.,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Piqua. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  hubs,  Ac. 

New  Ladoga,  Russia.     See  Ladoga. 

New  Lan'ark,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  Clyde, 
1  mile  S.  of  Lanark.  Pop.  973,  employed  in  extensive 
eotton-works,  founded  by  the  philanthropic  David  Dale  in 
1784.  Robert  Owen's  first  attempts  to  found  a  new  system 
of  so(»-.al  organization  were  made  here. 


NewLanc'aster,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
Tipton  CO.,  Ind.,  3  miles  from  Elwood  Station,  and  about 
38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

New  liancaster,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township, 
Miami  co.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Paola. 

New  Lancaster,  Ontario.    See  Riyi^rb  Raisin. 

New'land,  a  township  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.  P.  1481. 

New^Iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  E.  of  Milford  Station. 

Newland,  Ontario.    See  Mount  Albert. 

New^  Lar'ig,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  eo..  Nova  Scotia, 
22  miles  from  Glengarry.     Pop.  140. 

New  Leb'anon,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  HI., 
about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Elgin.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Gill  township,  Sulli- 
van CO.,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Sullivan,  and  about  26  miles 
N.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  is  found  here. 
Pop.  about  200. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  New  Lebanon  town- 
ship, Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Rail- 
road, about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  several 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  thermometers,  barometers, 
and  medicinal  extracts.  The  township  contains  a  summer 
resort,  named  Lebanon  Springs,  and  a  large  community  of 
Shakers  at  Mount  Lebanon,  who  make  brooms  and  basket! 
and  sell  garden-seeds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2459. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0., 
10  miles  W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church  and  carriage-shop. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Sandy  Lake,  and  18  miles  S.  of  Meadville.  It 
has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  woollen-mill.   Pop.  273. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Klikitat  co..  Wash. 

New  Lebanon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Leb- 
anon township,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Harlem 
Extension  Railroad,  and  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

New  Lebanon  Springs.    See  LEBANcfh  Spbincw. 

New  Leeds,  Cecil  co.,  Md.    See  Cherry  Hill. 

New  Leinster,  an  island.    See  New  Zealand. 

New  Len'ox,  a  post-village  in  New  Lenox  township. 
Will  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &,  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  £.  of  Joliet.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1121. 

New  Lenox,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lenox  township,  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and  the  Housa- 
tonio  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  3  saw- 
mills, a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and  bricks 

New  Le'on  (Sp.  Nuevo  Leon,  nwi'vo  li-on'),  a  stat* 
of  Mexico,  between  lat.  24°  and  27°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  99* 
and  100°  40'  W.,  enclosed  by  Tamaulipas,  San  Luis  Potosi, 
Zacatecas,  and  Cohahuila.  Area,  23,626  square  miles.  Th« 
surface  is  generally  mountainous ;  principal  river,  the 
Tigre.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The  mineral  products  comprise 
lead,  gold,  silver,  and  salt.  The  chief  towns  are  Monterey 
(the  capital),  Florida,  Saltillo,  and  Linares.     Pop.  201,732. 

New  Lepel,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lepei<. 

New  Lew'isville,  a  post-town  of  Arkansas,  the  capi- 
tal of  Lafayette  co.,  on  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway 
(Lewisville  Station),  at  the  junction  of  the  Shreveport 
Branch,  29  miles  E.  of  Texarkana.  It  has  6  churches  (3 
white,  3  colored),  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

New  Lex'ington  (Highland  Post-Office),  a  village  in 
Fairfield  township.  Highland  co.,  0.,  62  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
242. 

New  Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  oo., 
0.,  in  Pike  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum 
Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  Central  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zanesville,  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Columbus.  It  is  surrounded  by  hills  which  contain  abun- 
dance of  coal.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  union  school,  a 
foundry,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a  pottery,  and 
a  planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1470. 

New  Lexington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa.,  60 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
woollen-factory. 

New  Lexington,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  1  mile  from  Port  Homer  Station,  0. 

New  Lib'erty,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co..  Col. 

New  Liberty,  a  village  in  Willow  Hill  township,  Jas- 
per CO.,  111.,  8  miles  E,  of  Newton.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Willow  Hill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

New  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co..  111.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  10  miles  above  Paduoah,  Ky.    It  has  a  church. 

New  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Davenport. 


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New  liiberty,  a  post-offloe  of  Republio  oo.,  Kanaas. 

New  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  OweD  co..  Ky.,  aboat 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Louis- 
Tille.  It  contains  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Here  is 
the  Concord  College  (Baptist),  chartered  in  1866.     P.  304. 

New  Light,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  of  New  Light  township,  798. 

New  Lim'erick,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
10  miles  W.  of  Houlton.  It  has  a  starch-factory  and  2  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  308. 

New'Iin,  a  township  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  775. 

Newiin,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania <k  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Pomeroy. 

Newlins,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  862. 

New  Lisbon,  liz'b9n,  a  post-village  in  Dudley  town- 
ship, Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad,  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-ofEice  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Willmar. 

New  Lisbon,  township,  Stoddard  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1182. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  Rancooas  Creek,  and  on  the  Pemberton  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, at  the  terminus  of  the  Columbus  &  Kinkora  Railroad, 
12  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1546.     It  contains  Nobles ville  and  Garrattsville. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbiana  oo., 
0.,  in  Centre  township,  on  the  Little  Beaver  River,  about 
35  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg, 
Pa.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Niles  &  New  Lis- 
bon Branch  of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  union  school,  6  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  and 
printing-oflSces  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  a 
woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fire-bricks, 
lightning-rods,  and  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  2278. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Ju- 
neau CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Lemonweir  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  New  Lisbon  <fc  Neceda  Railroad,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Portage  City,  and  60  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  several  flouring-mills 
an(i  saw-mills.     Pop.  1133. 

New  Lisbon  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  E.  of  New  Berlin.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Liv'erpool,  or  Saint  Romuald  d'Etche- 
min,  siu"  Rft^mii^ild'  det^sh^-mis"',  a  post- village  in  Levis 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  5  miles 
8.W.  of  Levis.  It  has  a  church,  an  axe-factory,  2  saw- 
mills, a  tannery,  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  700. 

New  London,  Itln'dgn,  the  most  southeastern  county 
of  Connecticut,  borders  on  Rhode  Island.  Area,  about  687 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound 
and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Thames,  Quinebaug,  Shetucket, 
and  Yantic  Rivers.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  the  largest 
being  that  of  New  London,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames, 
and  great  facilities  for  trade  and  navigation.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Tfhis  county 
has  quarries  of  granite,  and  important  manufactures  of 
cotton  goods,  paper,  and  many  otker  articles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  V«rmont  Railroad,  the  New  York  & 
New  England  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Providence  <fc  Bos- 
ton Railroad,  and  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 
Railroad.  Capitals.  New  London  and  Norwich.  Pop.  in 
1870,  66,570;  in  1880,  73,152;  in  1890,  76,637. 

New  London,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ark.,  about 
6  miles  W.  of  the  Ouachita  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  London,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  semi-capital 
of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  W. 
bank  of  the  Thames  River,  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
the  ocean,  50  miles  E.  of  New  Haven,  and  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Providence.  Lat.  41°  22'  N.;  Ion.  72°  9'  W.  The  site 
of  this  city  is  a  declivity,  partly  occupied  by  granite  rocks, 
which  prevented  it  from  being  built  on  a  regular  plan.  The 
elevation  on  the  northwestern  border  of  the  city  commands 
an  extensive  and  varied  prospect.  New  London  is  the  E. 
terminus  of  the  New  London  division  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with 
the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad  and  the  New  Lon- 
don Northern  Railroad.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between 
this  port.  New  York  (which  is  126  miles  distant).  Block 
Island,  Greenport,  Sag  Harbor,  Shelter  Island,  Watch  Hill, 


Fisher's  Island,  and  Norwich.  A  steam-ferry  conneot«  it 
with  Groton  {i  mile  distant)  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river. 
New  London  contains  a  court-house,  a  brown-stone  city 
hall,  a  granite  custom-house,  12  churches,  4  national  banks, 
2  savings-banks,  a  high  school  for  boys,  a  young  ladies' 
high  school,  6  printing-ofiSces,  and  a  weekly  and  3  daily 
newspapers.  At  the  mouth  of  the  riyer  are  2  first-olasi 
hotels,  capable  of  accommodating  500  guetta  each.  The 
harbor  of  New  London  is  one  of  the  htxt  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  3  milea  long,  30  to  65  feet  deep,  and  is  seldom 
obstructed  by  ice.  Above  the  city,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
river,  is  the  New  London  (U.  S.)  Navy- Yard.  New  Lon- 
don is  environed  by  hills,  and  defended  by  Fort  Trumbull, 
a  strong  granite  structure  located  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Thames  below  the  city,  and  by  Fort  Griswold.  Here  are 
the  New  London  Steam  Woollen-Mills,  and  manufactoriee 
of  sewing-silk,  mowing-machines,  cotton-gins,  hardware, 
and  machinery.  New  London  is  a  seat  of  the  seal-  and 
whale-fisheries.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,537  ;  in  1890,  13,757. 

New  London,  a  post-village  of  Howard  oo.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  from  Russiaville,  and  about  35  miles  E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  240. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  townabip, 
Henry  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  4  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  9  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  has  1  or  2  flouring-mills.  a  brick 
school-house,  an  academy,  5  churches,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in- 1890,  580;  of  the  township,  1406. 

New  London,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

New  London,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Frederick.     Pop.  about  150. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles  N.  of  Kandiyohi  Station, 
and  about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  is  near  Green 
Lake  and  other  fine  lakes.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  flouring-mill,  3  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  365. 

New  London,  a  village  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  Superior,  3i  miles  from  Duluth. 

New  London,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ralls  co..  Mo., 
on  or  near  Salt  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  A 
Keokuk  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  lime- 
stone court-house,  a  jail,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  683. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It 
contains  a  church  and  the  New  London  Literary  and  Scien- 
tific Institute.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Sunapee  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  959. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  Verona  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  7  miles  W.  of  Rome, 
and  about  4  miles  N.  of  Verona  Station.  It  has  2  eheese- 
factories,  2  churches,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  453. 

New^  London,  a  village  of  Butler  oo.,  0.,  in  Morgan 
township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  3  churches. 
Here  is  Paddy's  Run  Post-Office. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  47  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  fiour,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1096;  of  the  township,  1731. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Penn  Station,  and  about  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  911. 

New  London,  Va.    See  Bedford  Springs. 

New  London,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Wolf  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Embarras  River, 
and  on  the  Green  Bay  A  MinnesoU  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  St,  Western  Railroad,  39 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay,  and  21  ailes 
W.N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
staves,  Ac.     Pop.  1882. 

New  London,  or  French  River,  a  seaport  on  the 
northern  coast  of  Prinoe  Edward  Island,  Queens  co.,  at  tbe 
W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Qrenville  Bay,  in  lat.  64°  33' 
N.,  Ion.  63°  32'  W.     Pop.  160. 

New'lon'8  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic. 

New  Lo'throp,  a  post- village  of  Shiawassee  oo.,  Mich, 
in  Hazleton  township,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Chesaning.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Lots,  a  township  of  Kings  oo,,  N.Y.  Pop.  10,765. 
It  contains  East  New  York,  Ac. 

New  Lowell,  lo'^l,  a  post-village  In  Simcoe  oo.,  0» 


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1974 


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tario,  on  Coate's  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  78 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
mills.     Pop.  200. 

New  Lublo,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Lublo. 

Xew  Lyme,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  54  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  708. 

New  Lyme,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  166. 

New  Lyme  Station,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Ashtabula. 

New  Mad'ison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  ab;ut  150. 

New  Madison,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  and  about  34 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  carriage-shop,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  452. 

New  Mad'rid,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  contains  a  large 
lake,  formed  by  the  earthquake  of  1811.  On  this  occasion 
a  great  part  of  this  county  sank  several  feet,  and  was  cov- 
ered with  water  which  overflowed  from  the  Mississippi.  The 
surface  is  mostly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  free  from 
stones.  Indian  com  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railroad  and 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  the 
former  of  which  connects  with  New  Madrid,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6357;  in  1880,  7694;  in  1890,  9.317. 

New  Madrid,  a  post-village,  capital  of  New  Madrid 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Little  River  Valley  &  Arkansas  Railroad,  about  40  miles 
by  land  S.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and 
3  churches. 

New  Maho'ning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  co..  Pa., 
about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mauoh  Chunk. 

New  Malton,  England.    See  Malton. 

NeW'man,  a  post-village  in  Newman  township,  Douglas 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.  of  Tuscola,  and  62  miles  E.  of  Decatur. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  flour-mill.   Pop.  in  1 890,  990 ;  of  township,  2026. 

Newman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefterson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Topeka.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Manchester,  West  Virginia.    See  Faihview. 

Newman  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Neb. 

New'manstown,  a  post-village  in  Mill  Creek  town- 
ship, Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  about  19  miles  W.  of  Reading,  and 
1  mile  from  Sheridan  Station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  612. 

New'mansville,  formerly  Hag'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Cass  CO.,  111.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.    It  has  a  church. 

New^mansville,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Oil  City. 

New^mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  from  Fullen's  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Mar'ion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Shelby  township,  on  Graham's  Fork,  20  miles  N.  of  Madi- 
son.    It  has  a  church. 

Newmar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Suffolk  and 
Cambridge,  13  miles  B.N.E.  of  Cambridge,  and  65^  miles 
N.N.E.  of  London,  with  which  it  communicates  by  railway. 
It  has  many  splendid  residences,  elegant  rooms  belonging 
to  the  Jockey  Club,  numerous  hotels,  and  immense  ranges 
of  stabling.  Here  are  held  the  famous  races  of  Newmarket, 
of  which  there  are  7  meetings  yearly.     Pop.  4534. 

Newmarket,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Clare.     Pop.  750. 

Newmarket,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Asaph. 

New^mar'ket,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Huntsville.    It  has  3  stores.    Pop.  150. 

Newmarket,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga. 

Newmarket,  a  small  village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Oregon  township,  3  miles  from  Otisco  Station,  and  about  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is 
Oregon  Post-Office. 

Newmarket,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <fc  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, 46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Market,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington. 


New  Market,  a  hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  i  mile 
from  Mason  &  Dixon's  Line,  and  2  miles  from  Freeland 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
1  mile  from  Monrovia  Station  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, and  about  45  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-bhop,  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  400. 

New  Market,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Scott 
CO.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Fairfield  Station,  and  about  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery, 
and  a  distillery.     Pop.  739. 

New  Market,  a  post- village  in  Green  township,  Platte 
CO.,  Mo.,  near  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Atchison,  Kansas. 
It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  2  mills.     Pop.  167. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  New  Market  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dover,  and  58  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It 
has  several  cotton-mills,  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2368.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Grand  Bay.  Newmarket  Station  on  the  Concord  A 
Portsmouth  Railroad  is  at  South  Newmarket  Junction. 

Newmarket,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in  East 
and  West  Amwell  townships,  4  miles  from  Ringoes  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  in  Piscataway  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Bound  Brook,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Dunellen  Station  of 
the  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  wagon- 
shops. 

New  Market,  a  post-township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C., 
about  72  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  1297. 

New  Market,  a  station  in  Harrison  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  where  is  the 
village  of  Scio. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  in  New  Market  township. 
Highland  co.,  0.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Hillsborough,  and  about 
44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  several  churches 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  143  ;  of  the  township,  1107. 

New  Market,  a  village  in  Fairview  township,  York 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  i  mile  from  New  Cum- 
berland Station.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Market,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  oo.,  S.C,  or 
the  Greenville  A  Columbia  Railroad,  81  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Columbia. 

New  Market,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  h&a  5 
churches,  the  Holston  Seminary,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  926. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
is  in  the  beautiful  and  fertile  Shenandoah  Valley,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Staunton,  1  mile  from  New  Market  Station  on 
the  Harper's  Ferry  A  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  and  near 
the  W.  base  of  the  Massanutten  Mountain.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  New  Market 
Polytechnic  Institute,  and  a  carriage- factory.     Pop.  600. 

Newmarket,  a  town  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  East 
Branch  of  Holland  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway,  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  branch 
bank,  several  stores,  a  foundry,  a  brewery,  woollen-,  saw-, 
and  grist-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1760. 

New  Marl'borongh,  a  post-village  in  New  Marl- 
borough township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  W, 
of  Springfield.  It  contains  the  South  Berkshire  Institute 
and  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2037.  The  township 
contains  Hartsville,  Mill  River,  and  Southfield. 

New  Marrs,  marz,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala. 

New  Mar'tin8burg,a  post-village  in  Perry  township, 
Fayette  co.,  0.,  3  miles  from  East  Monroe  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  saw-mills. 

New  Mar'tinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wetzel 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Fishing 
Creek,  about  40  miles  below  Wheeling.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  oil-barrels, 
wool,  staves,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  692. 

New  Matamoras,  Ohio.    See  Matamoras. 

New  Mays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  oo.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     Pop.  109. 

New  Mayville,  Clarion  co..  Pa.     See  Matvillb. 

New  Melle  (mel),  or  Newmel'la,  a  post-village  of 
St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.    Pop.  300. 

New  Mem'phis,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  111.,  on 
Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Rail- 


NEW 


1975 


NEW 


road,  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2  ohurohes 
and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Memphis,  a  post-offioe  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Kansas, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     Coal  abounds  here. 

New  Mei'ico  (Sp.  Nuevo  Mexico  or  Myieo,  nwi'vo 
mflh'He-ko;  Fr.  iVoMweau-ilfeasigue,  nooV5'-mfix*eek' ;  Ger. 
Neu-Mexieo,  noi-mix'e-ko),  a  southwestern  territory  of  the 
United  States,  bounded  N.  by  Colorado,  E.  by  Oklahoma 
and  Texas,  S.  by  Texas  and  Mexico,  and  W.  by  Arizona. 
It  lies  between  Ion.  103°  and  109°  W.  and  lat.  31°  20'  and 
37°  N.,  and  has  an  area  of  122,580  square  miles. 

Face  of  .the  Country. — New  Mexico  is  a  region  of  high 
plateaus,  having  an  altitude  of  from  3000  to  6000  feet,  and 
a  general  southward  inclination,  but  traversed  by  mountain- 
ridges  and  bearing  many  isolated  peaks,  some  of  the  moun- 
tains attaining  a  height  of  more  than  12,000  feet  and  tow- 
ering above  the  line  of  perpetual  snow,  especially  north- 
ward. Between  the  Rio  Grande  and  the  Pecos,  and  S.  into 
Texas,  this  plateau  extends,  and  in  the  E.  the  territory 
takes  in  a  part  of  the  sterile  and  treeless  Llano  Estacado, 
or  Staked  Plain,  The  most  noteworthy  mountains  are  the 
Sierra  Madre,  or  main  chain  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the 
Fra  Cristobal,  Jumanes,  and  Organ  Mountains,  E.  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  the  Guadalupe  Mountains  in  the  S.E.,  the 
Raton  Mountains  in  the  N.E.,  the  Sierra  de  Chusca  in  the 
N.W.,  and  the  Placiere,  Blanoa,  Carrizo,  Patos,  Jicarilla, 
Magdalena,  Cerillos,  Sandia,  Manzano,  Mogollon,  and  other 
minor  ranges.  The  valleys  are  usually  somewhat  level, 
and  often  very  fertile  when  irrigated ;  but  the  climate  is 
very  dry,  and  in  the  more  elevated  parts  the  winter  cold 
is  severe.  The  territory  is  remarkably  healthful,  and  its 
bright  skies  and  clear  air  are  praised  by  every  tourist. 

Bivera. — The  Rio  Grande,  and  its  tributaries  the  Pecos 
in  the  S.E.  and  the  Puerco  on  the  W.,  drain  the  greater 
part  of  New  Mexico ;  but  in  the  E.  there  is  a  large  tract 
which  is  within  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  is  drained 
principally  by  the  Canadian  River.  In  the  S.W.  rise  the 
Gila  and  the  Mimbres,  and  far  to  the  N.  flow  the  Chaco  and 
the  head-streams  of  the  Little  Colorado.  The  streams  are 
not  large,  and  are  useful  chiefly  as  supplying  water  for  irri- 
gation and  for  mining  purposes. 

Geology. — A  large  share  of  New  Mexico  seems  to  be  cov- 
ered with  cretaceous  deposits,  with  occasional  overlying 
patches  of  the  tertiary ;  but  the  mountain- ranges  of  syenite 
and  porphyry  at  the  time  of  their  elevation  seem  to  have 
lifted  with  them,  and  otherwise  to  have  upheaved,  masses  of 
Silurian  limestone  and  of  the  sandstones  of  the  earlier  me- 
sozoic  time.  The  outlying  mesas,  or  small  table-lands,  are 
generally  of  a  lignitiferons  sandstone.  The  syenites  and 
limestones  are  richly  charged  with  metallic  wealth.  Both 
placer  and  quartz  gold,  as  well  as  rich  deposits  of  silver, 
iron,  copper,  and  lead,  are  known,  and  to  some  extent  all 
have  been  wrought,  while  mercury,  zinc,  and  manganese 
also  exist.  The  coal  of  New  Mexico  is  a  lignite  of  high 
grade,  has  a  wide  distribution,  is  frequently  found  in  thick 
beds,  affording  a  good  illuminating  gas,  and  (what  is  so 
rarely  true  of  lignites)  leaving,  in  some  instances,  a  firm 
and  good  coke.  At  the  Placiere  Mountains  and  elsewhere 
it  has  been  metamorphosed  into  an  excellent  anthracite. 
Saline  basins  are  frequent,  and  afford  a  supply  of  good  salt. 
The  territory  has  many  lava-beds  and  thermal  and  mineral 
springs. 

Vegetation  and  Agriculture. — In  the  mountains  of  the  N. 
there  is  a  supply  of  pine,  pinon,  cedar,  spruce,  and  juniper 
timber  ample  for  all  present  needs,  either  for  building  or  fuel. 
In  the  S.  grow  walnut,  oak,  oottonwood,  plane,  mezquite 
(of  two  species),  ebony,  and  other  rare  woods;  but  the  tim- 
ber supply  is  nowhere  liberal,  and  some  large  districts  are 
woodless.  The  grama  (Chondrosium  and  Bouteloua),  mez- 
quite (Sesleria),  and  bunch  grasses  afford  rich  pasturage. 
One  of  the  mezquite  trees  affords  a  valuable  gum,  much  like 
gum  arable,  and  its  sugary  pods  and  bean-like  seeds  are 
eaten  by  men  and  beasts,  while  for  fuel  it  is  of  such  unsur- 
passed excellence  that  even  its  roots  are  dug  up  for  burn- 
ing. Stock-raising,  and  particularly  wool-growing,  have 
long  been  the  leading  pursuits  of  the  New  Mexicans. 
Neither  shelter  nor  hand-feeding  is  ever  required  for  the 
flocks.  The  apple,  peach,  melon,  apricot,  pomegranate,  and 
fig  do  well,  the  three  latter  especially  southward;  but  of  all 
fruits  the  grape  promises  best.  The  European  vine  grows 
here  in  the  open  air,  and  the  wines  of  New  Mexico  are 
reputed  to  have  peculiarly  rich  and  generous  qualities,  but 
these  have  not  largely  reached  the  general  market.  For 
agriculture  and  gardening  irrigation  is  necessary,  and  the 
half-civilized  aboriginals  and  the  Spanish-Americans  have 
constructed  large  canals  leading  from  the  streams  to  their 
farm-lands.     The  ordinary  cereals  all  do  well  here,  but 


wheat,  maize,  pumpkins,  onions,  and  beana  afford  the  prin- 
cipal supplies  of  vegetable  food.  The  Rio  Grande  allavioa 
is  said  to  equal  that  of  the  Nile  in  fertility.  Good  farm- 
lands exist  on  the  Mimbres,  Alamosa,  Tesuque,  and  Rio  del 
Cuchilla  Negra. 

Commerce. — Santa  ¥i  was  long  the  objective  point  of  a 
lucrative  but  hazardous  overland  trade,  carried  on  mainly 
by  caravans  or  wagon-trains  from  Independence,  Mo.,  across 
the  wide  plains,  then  for  300  leaeues  without  inhabitants 
save  the  hostile  red  man.  But  with  the  approach  of  rail- 
roads this  adventurous  commerce  was  displaced  by  newer 
and  more  expeditious  methods  of  transportation.  Prior 
to  1878  New  Mexico  had  no  railroads,  but  the  territory  is 
now  crossed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F€,  Southern 
Pacific,  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  Texas  4  Fort  Worth,  Santa 
F6  Southern,  and  Arizona  <fc  New  Mexico  lines,  aggregating 
1388  miles. 

The  Counties  are  17,  viz.,  Bernalillo,  Chaves,  Colfax, 
Donna  Ana,  Eddy,  Grant,  Guadaloupo,  Lincoln,  Mora,  Rio 
Arriba,  San  Juan,  San  Miguel,  Santa  F6,  Sierra,  Socorro, 
Taos,  and  Valencia.  The  principal  towns  are  Santa  F6,  the 
capital  (pop.  in  1880,  6635;  in  1890,  6185);  Albuquerque 
(old  and  new  towns),  5518 ;  Las  Vegas,  East  Las  Vegas, 
Silver  City,  Raton,  Deming,  Las  Cruces,  Socorro,  Ac. ;  none 
of  them  are  very  populous.  A  prevailing  building-material 
in  the  towns  is  the  adobe,  or  sun-dried  briok,  which  here 
proves  very  durable.  There  are  19  inhabited  pueblos,  or 
villages  of  semi-civilized  Indians,  mostly  towards  the  N.AV., 
besides  many  ruined  towns  of  the  same  type, — the  great 
and  many-storied  communal  buildings  presenting  a  strongly 
marked  and  massive  architectural  character. 

Education. — As  early  as  1822  provision  was  made  by  the 
Mexican  authorities  for  elementary  public  instruction,  but 
the  system  was  never  effective,  and  after  the  conquest  by 
the  United  States  no  public  schools  were  established  before 
1872.  In  1890  508  school-houses  were  reported,  with  an  en- 
rollment of  about  12,000  children  in  the  public  schools,  and 
2107  in  private  schools.  The  English  language  was  used 
exclusively  in  164  schools,  the  Spanish  in  139  schools,  and 
both  languages  were  employed  in  184  schools.  The  legis- 
lature, in  1889,  provided  for  a  university  at  Albuquerque, 
an  agricultural  college  at  Las  Cruces,  and  a  school  of  mines 
at  Socorro.  There  are  mission  schools  among  the  Indians, 
and  a  number  of  Roman  Catholic  parochial  and  higher 
schools.  St.  Michael's  College,  Santa  Fe,  and  St.  Joseph's 
College,  Las  Cruces,  are  both  chartered  Roman  Catholic 
institutions. 

Manufactures. — The  principal  manufacturing  industries 
are  the  milling  of  grain  and  of  metalliferous  quartz,  and 
the  sawing  of  lumber.  The  Navajo  Indians  make  blanket." 
of  surprising  excellence,  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  Pueblos 
make  and  sell  much  coarse  pottery,  and  among  the  Spanish- 
Americans  there  are  ingenious  domestic  manufactures. 

The  government  of  New  Mexico  is  established  upon  the 
ordinary  model  of  the  territorial  governments.  The  Pueblo 
Indians  are  by  treaty  and  by  statute  United  States  citizens, 
but  they  have  preferred  to  retain  their  own  peculiar  social 
regulations. 

History. — New  Mexico  was  visited  by  Spaniards  as  early 
as  1536,  and  was  colonized  in  1682,— Santa  F6  being,  next 
to  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  the  oldest  town  in  the  United  States. 
The  early  settlers  found  many  of  the  natives  living,  as  at 
present,  in  a  semi-civilized  way,  wearing  cotton  garment* 
of  their  own  weaving,  manufacturing  good  pottery,  and 
building  enormous  communal  houses,  or  eatas  grandet,  but 
having  almost  no  knowledge  of  the  use  of  metals.  These 
natives  were  brought  to  accept  the  faith  of  their  conquerors, 
who  enslaved  and  so  oppressed  them  that  in  1680  the  whites 
were  all  expelled  by  their  subjects,  but  soon  returned,  not 
again  to  be  displaced.  In  1846  the  United  SUtea  troops 
under  Kearney  conquered  New  Mexico,  which  had  become 
a  state  in  the  Mexican  republic.  In  1860  the  territorial 
government  was  organized.  During  the  war  of  1861-65 
the  battle  of  Valverde  saved  the  territory  from  siding  with 
the  Confederate  movement,  and  it  was  not  till  the  general 
abolition  of  slavery  (which  here  existed  in  the  form  known 
as  peonage)  that  the  half-despotic,  half-paternal  Mexican 
system  of  government  and  social  order  began  to  give  way 
before  the  advent  of  American  institutions.  The  mines, 
anciently  very  productive,  have  as  yet  hardly  made  a  fair 
start  towards  reopening  their  stores  of  wealth. 

Population. — Nine-tenths  of  the  white  people  are  of 
Mexican  origin,  with  a  dash  of  the  Indian  blood,  and  speak 
the  Spanish  language.  Many  of  them  have  but  lately 
emerged  from  peonage.  In  1860  the  pop.  was  61,547 ;  in 
1860,  93,516;  in  1870  (after  the  setUng  off  of  large  areMto 
Arizona  and  Colorado)  91,879,  exclusive  of  the  tribal  In- 


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dians,  who,  in  1874,  numbered  25,268,  of  whom  about  10,000 
were  Pueblo  Indians,  lawful  citizens  of  the  United  States. 
The  other  Indians  are  Navajos,  Apaches,  Utes,  Ac.  The 
Mexicans  and  Pueblos  are  Roman  Catholics ;  but  the  ma- 
'jorityof  the  tribal  Indians  are  un-Christianized.  They 
hare  recently  begun  to  make  good  progress  in  civilization. 
The  English-speaking  people  are  mostly  engaged  in  mining 
operations.     Pop.  in  1880,  119,565;  in  1890,  153,593. 

New  Mid'dleton,  a  post-village  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn., 
18  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

New  Middletown,  a  post-oflSce  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

New  Middletown,  a  post- village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0., 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lowellville.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  147. 

New  Mid'way,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about  46  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  13  miles  N.B.  of  Frederick. 

New^  Mil'ford,  a  handsome  post-village  in  New  Milford 
township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonic  River, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Aspetuck,  and  on  the  Housaionio 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Danbury,  and  35  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Bridgeport.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  5  tobacco- 
warehouses  or  factories,  and  manufactures  of  buttons,  hats, 
boots,  and  paper.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3917. 

New  Aniiord,a  post- village  in  New  Milford  township, 
Winnebago  co.,  111.,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  and  on  the 
Rockford  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Rock  River.    Pop.  of  township,  915. 

New  Milford,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.    Here  is  Spring  Valley  Post-OflSce. 

New  Milford,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township. 
Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  boundary  of  New  Jersey,  about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, 1  or  2  flouring-mills,  Ac. 

New  Milford,  Ohio.     See  Rootstown  Station. 

New  Milford,  a  post-borough  in  New  Milford  town- 
ship, Susquehanna  cu..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Western  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of  Scranton,  and  20  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and 
several  mills.     Pop.  860;  of  the  township,  1647. 

New  Mill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  on  the 
Isla,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Fochabers.     Pop.  614. 

New  Mill'port,  a  post-hamlet  in  Knox  township,  Clear- 
field CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Mill 8,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  the 
wluyt,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stockport,  at  a  railway  junction. 

New  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  li  milea 
from  Smithtown  Station.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill. 

New  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.C.,  36 
miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Mill'town,  a  village  in  Leacock  and  Salisbury 
townships,  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  hotel,  and  several  shops  and  stores. 

Newmilus,  nu-milz',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr, 
on  the  Irvine,  2^  miles  E.  of  Gkilston. 

New  Mil'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Smithton.  It 
has  2  churches. 

NeAV  Min'den,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  HI., 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Centralia.     It  has  4  general  stores. 

New  Mon'month,  a  post- village  in  Middletown  town- 
ship, Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  near  the  sea-coast,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New 
York,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Red  Bank.     It  has  a  church. 

New^  Moon,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  about 
76  miles  E.S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

New  Moorefield,  mor'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moore- 
field  township,  Clark  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cleveland 
A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  Moorefield  Station,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  stores. 

New  Moscow,  mos'ko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  20  miles  N.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co., 
Ind.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Muncie.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Mount  Pleas'ant,  a  village  of  Ohio,  partly  in 
Hocking  co.  and  partly  in  Vinton  co.,  12  miles  S.  of  Logan. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  and 
wagons.     The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Swan.     Pop.  100. 

New  Munich,  mu'nik,  a  post- village  in  Oak  township, 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Melrose,  and  27  miles  W. 
bv  N.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 


New  Munster  Island.     See  New  Zealand. 

New'nan,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Coweta  co.,  Q*.,  on 
the  Atlanta  A  West  Point  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  th« 
Savannah,  Grifl5n  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  40  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Atlante,  and  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Griffin.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  a  cotton-factory,  a  seminary,  called 
College  Temple,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2859. 

New  Nantucket,  a  former  name  of  Baker  Island. 

New'nanville,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Gainesville,  and  about  66  miles  S.W.  of 
Jacksonville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Newn'ham,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  11 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gloucester,  on  the  Severn.     Pop.  1483. 

New  Norfolk,  nor'fpk,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  on  the 
Derwent,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Hobart  Town.     Pop.  870. 

New  Orfenbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  Genevieve 
township,  St.  Genevieve  co..  Mo.,  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

New^  Ohi'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Or'egon,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Oregon  township, 
Howard  co.,  Iowa,  on  Turkey  River,  about  18  miles  W.  of 
Decorah,  and  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cresco.  It  has  a  flour-milL 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1163. 

New  Oregon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Ork'ney,  an  island  group  in  the  South  Atlantic, 
200  miles  N.E.  of  South  Shetland,  and  S.E.  of  Cape  Horn. 
Chief  islands,  Pomona  and  Melville. 

New  Orleans,  or'le-anz  (Fr.  Nomelle-OrUant,  noo*- 
v811'-ORMi*6N»' :  Ger.  Nen- Orleans,  noi-ou'li-inz),  a  city 
and  port  of  entry  of  the  state  of  Louisiana,  the  capital 
of  Orleans  parish,  and  the  commercial  metropolis  of^  the 
Gulf  States,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  100 
miles  above  its  delta.  It  is  about  700  miles  by  rail  S.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  141  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  and  330  miles 
E.  of  Houston,  Tex.  Lat.  of  custom-house,  29°  58'  N. ;  Ion. 
90"  5'  W.  As  a  port  of  entry.  New  Orleans  embraces  a  vast 
territory,  including,  besides  its  own  port,  the  ports  of  Pitts- 
burg, Pa.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Louisville,  Ky.,  Nashville  and 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Cincinnati,  0.,  Evansville, 
Ind.,  Galena  and  Cairo,  HI.,  Burlington  and  Dubuque,  Iowa, 
La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  Omaha,  Neb.,  which  are  ports  of  de- 
livery of  the  customs-district  of  New  Orleans.  New  Orleans 
is  the  great  cotton-market  of  the  country,  most  of  the  cotton 
of  Mississippi  and  a  large  part  of  that  of  Arkansas,  Ten- 
nessee, Alabama,  and  Texas  coming  here  for  shipment;  and 
it  is  the  great  centre  of  the  commerce  of  the  entire  Mis- 
sissippi Valley. 

The  older  part  of  the  city  was  built  upon  the  left  bank 
of  the  Mississippi,  following  a  bend  of  the  river,  which 
gave  it  a  crescent  shape, — whence  its  popular  sobriquet, 
"the  Crescent  City."  Later,  its  growth  up  the  river,  follow- 
ing an  outward  curve  of  the  stream,  changed  the  form  of  the 
city  on  the  left  bank  nearly  to  that  of  an  S.  But  the  city 
has  been  enlarged  so  as  to  comprehend  nearly  all  of  Orleans 

?arish  (excepting  only  a  number  of  small  islets,  called  Les 
etites  Coquilles,  in  Lake  Catharine,  between  Pontchartrain 
and  Borgne  Lakes),  and  parts  of  Jefferson  and  Plaque- 
mines parishes,  including  Algiers  and  Gretna  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  river.  The  statutory  area  of  New  Orleans 
is  not  far  from  150  square  miles;  but  a  large  part  of 
the  land  is  unreclaimed  marsh,  while  much  of  that  which 
has  been  drained  is  unimproved  in  the  way  of  building  :  so 
that  the  actual  city  covers  scarcely  40  square  miles.  The 
level  of  the  lakes  N.  and  E.  of  the  city  is  about  15  feet  below 
the  high-water  level  of  the  river ;  the  site  of  the  northern 
or  main  portion  of  the  city  slopes  gradually  from  the  river- 
front towards  the  lakes.  In  consequence  of  the  sloping  site, 
the  city,  which  at  the  river-front  is  about  1  to  2  feet  below 
the  river-level  at  the  spring  freshets,  is  about  4  feet  below 
in  its  N.  and  E.  sections,  and  from  the  built-up  portion 
towards  the  lakes  there  are  extended  tracts  of  swamp. 
To  protect  the  city  from  the  annual  inundations  which 
would  otherwise  be  inevitable,  there  has  been  constructed  a 
high,  broad  embankment,  called  a  levee,  extending  along 
the  city  front  and  for  200  miles  above  and  50  miles  below, 
and  a  similar  levee  has  been  built  along  and  around  the  lake 
shore.  The  river  levees  are  16  feet  wide,  and  are  finished 
along  the  top  so  as  to  furnish  a  delightful  promenade  in 
favorable  weather.  The  lowness  of  the  city  level  renders 
drainage  difficult  and  costly;  the  usual  methods  being 
quite  impracticable,  recourse  has  been  had  to  a  system  of 
street  canals,  with  6  powerful  steam-pumps  of  42,000,000 
gallons'  daily  capacity,  which  raise  and  expel  into  the  Pont- 
ohartrain  all  refuse  water,  sewage,  and  seapage.     The  fact 


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that  New  Orleans  has  been  subject  at  intervals  to  epidemio 
fevers  has  given  rise  to  a  general  reputation  of  unhealthi- 
ness;  but  a  careful  comparison  of  its  vital  statistics  with 
those  of  other  cities,  not  only  of  this  country  but  through- 
out the  world,  shows  that  on  the  whole  it  is  not  exception- 
ally unhealthy.  Even  in  the  record  of  its  epidemic  vis- 
itations there  is  strong  ground  for  hoping  that  they  will 
cease  in  consequence  of  more  effective  means  being  employed 
for  protection,  the  result  of  intelligent  application  of  the 
teachings  of  experience.  Large  iron  pipes  are  now  being 
laid  along  the  front  of  the  city,  from  which  to  keep  a  con- 
stant supply  of  water  flowing  through  the  canals  and 
street-gutters,  which  it  is  believed  will  greatly  improve  the 
health  of  the  city.  This  work  is  being  done  by  the  New 
Orleans  Auxiliary  Sanitary  Association,  composed  of  prom- 
inent merchants,  who  are  expending  a  large  sum,  raised  by 
voluntary  contributions,  in  sanitary  improvements. 

During  the  period  from  1797  to  the  present  time  there 
have  been  some  30  epidemics,  of  which  18  occurred  during 
the  first  45  years  and  the  others  since  1842,  and  of  these  but 
3  or  4  have  occurred  since  1858.  Besides,  there  has  been  a 
still  more  marked  decrease  in  the  proportion  of  mortality 
as  compared  with  the  population,  the  death-rate  by  yellow 
fever  having  been,— in  1847,  .023;  in  1853,  .056;  in  1858, 
.030 ;  in  1867,  .020 ;  in  1873,  .002 ;  and  in  1878,  .0017.  In 
«ome  parts  of  New  Orleans  there  is,  at  certain  seasons,  a 
tendency  to  malarial  fever,  but  throughout  the  greater  part 
of  the  city  it  is  not  felt.  The  temperature  of  New  Orleans 
is  rarely  extreme,  the  average  maximum  for  the  year  being 
83.7°  Pahr.,  the  average  minimum  51.8°,  and  the  general 
average  about  67°  to  68°;  the  mean  height  of  barometer  about 
30.06  inches.  The  streets  of  New  Orleans  mostly  run  nearly 
east  and  west  and  north  and  south,  generally  intersecting 
one  another  at  right  angles,  except  in  the  upper  and  lower  ex- 
tensions, where  some  have  been  adapted  to  the  windings  of 
the  river,  so  that  some  of  them  meet  and  diverge  at  strangely- 
irregular  intervals  and  are  intersected  at  very  different 
angles.  In  the  original,  or  French,  city,  the  streets,  with  the 
exception  of  Royal,  Rampart,  and  Esplanade  streets,  are  nar- 
row, generally  not  exceeding  40  feot  in  width ;  but  those 
of  the  portion  distinguished  as  the  American  city  are  broad 
and  exceedingly  handsome  thoroughfares.  Canal  is  the 
main  business  street,  especially  for  the  retail  trade,  and  is 
a  favorite  promenade. 

New  Orleans  is  not  notable  as  a  whole  for  either  the 
beauty  or  the  grandeur  of  its  architecture,  a  fact  which 
makes  more  conspicuous  the  few  really  handsome  and  im- 
posing edifices.  Among  the  important  buildings  of  a  more 
or  less  public  character  is  the  custom-house,  built  of  Quincy 
granite,  which  covers  an  area  of  about  85,000  square  feet, 
and  is  the  largest  edifice  in  this  country,  with  the  sole  ex- 
ception of  the  Capitol  at  Washington :  the  basement  is 
fitted  up  and  used  for  the  post-ofiice.  The  branch  mint  is 
also  a  large  building,  well  adapted  to  its  purposes.  The 
State-house  was,  until  1874,  a  famous  hotel,  known  as  the 
St.  Louis.  The  city  hall  is  the  finest  building  in  the  city, 
architecturally,  being  in  the  Ionic,  and  of  white  marble. 
In  addition  to  these  there  are  worthy  of  mention  the  parish 
and  municipal  court-houses,  the  city  and  parish  prisons,  the 
merchants'  exchange  (formerly  occupied  by  the  post-office), 
the  masonic  hall,  the  Odd-Fellows'  hall,  St.  Patrick's  Hall 
(an  elegant  building).  Exposition  Hall,  the  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, the  Pontalba  Buildings,  and  about  130  church  edi- 
fices, besides  colleges,  school-houses,  hospitals,  asylums, 
market-houses,  &c. 

The  imports  at  the  port  of  New  Orleans  average  in  value 
from  $12,000,000  to  $20,000,000  per  annum,  and  the  ex- 
ports from  $80,000,000  to  $90,000,000.  For  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1894,  the  value  of  the  former  was  $18,087,944 
and  of  the  latter  $81,331,418.  The  principal  articles  im- 
ported were  coffee  (value  $8,108,238),  chemicals  and  phos- 
phates ($92,925),  bananas  ($1,275,707),  cocoanuts  ($78,048), 
india-rubber  ($156,500),  cement  ($273,570),  earthen-  and 
chinaware  ($139,831),  sisal  grass,  Ac.  ($70,580),  bags  for 
grain  ($222,896),  burlaps,  Ac.  ($313,262),  lemons  and 
oranges  ($437,310),  tinplates  ($106,160),  manufactures  of 
iron  and  steel  ($80,075),  rice  and  rice  meal  ($31,645),  sugar 
($5,182,715),  tobacco  products  ($156,189),  wines  and  liquors 
($234,965);  all  other  imported  articles,  $1,127,328.  The 
principal  exports  were  cotton  ($63,779,357),  wheat  ($5,074,- 
416),  corn  ($3,817,933),  cottonseed  meal  and  cake  ($2,022,- 
142),  cottonseed  oil  ($1,910,665),  staves  ($1,398,981),  leaf 
tobacco  ($795,548),  flour  ($421,743),  lumber  ($266,345),  logs 
and  other  timber  ($211,906),  molasses  and  syrup  ($157,858). 

History. — New  Orleans  was  settled  by  the  French  in 
1717.  In  1823  it  contained  about  100  cabins  and  a  popu- 
lation not  exceeding  200.     In  1769  occurred  the  first  visi- 

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tation  of  the  yellow  fever,  which  was  iptroduced,  it  ia  said, 
by  an  English  vessel  with  a  cargo  of  slaves  from  Africa 
March  21,  1778,  the  city  was  visited  by  a  fierce  conflagra- 
tion, which  destroyed  900  houses  and  a  vast  amount  of 
other  property.  In  1785,  New  Orleans  had  a  population  of 
4700.  In  1794  the  first  newspaper,  called  "  Le  Moniteur," 
was  published.  New  Orleans  was  conveyed  to  the  Span- 
ish in  1762,  reconveyed  to  the  French  in  1800,  and  in- 
cluded in  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  by  the  United  Stat«t 
in  1803.  At  tnis  time  it  contained  a  population  of  8000. 
New  Orleans  is  famous  in  history  as  the  place  designated  to 
become  the  seat  of  the  monarchy  intended  to  have  been 
established  by  the  treason  of  Aaron  Burr.  In  1804  it  wai 
made  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  next  year  it  was  incorpor- 
ated as  a  city.  In  1810,  seven  years  after  it  was  received 
into  the  United  States,  its  population  had  increased  to 
17,242.  January  8,  1815,  General  Pakenham,  command- 
ing the  English  forces,  made  an  attack  on  the  city,  ap- 
proaching it  through  Lakes  Borgne  and  Pontchartrain, 
and  was  signally  defeated  by  the  Americans  under  General 
Jackson.  It  was  not  till  after  peace  was  established  that 
New  Orleans  began  to  reap  the  full  advantages  of  steam 
navigation  on  the  Mississippi  and  to  hold  that  commercial 
pre-eminence  which  she  now  enjoys.  New  Orleans  was 
named  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  regent  of  France 
during  the  minority  of  Louis  XV.  Pop.  in  1820,  27,176 ; 
in  1830,  46,310;  in  1840,  102,193;  in  1850,  126,375;  in 
1860,  168,675;  in  1870,  191,418;  in  1880,216,090;  in  1890, 
242,039. 

New  Ox'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township, 
Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  Gettysburg  A  Poto- 
mac Railroad,  11  miles  B.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  coaches,  cigars,  and  farming-imple- 
ments.    Pop.  about  600. 

New  Paisley,  paz'lee,  a  village  in  Terrebonne  oa, 
Quebec,  3  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

New  Palestine,  pal'es-tin  or  pal'es-teen,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  in  Sugar  Creek  township,  on 
Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  India- 
napolis Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  ha« 
3  churches.  Pop.  about  400.  The  station  is  called  New 
Palestine,  and  the  name  of  the  post-office  is  Sugar  Creek. 

New  Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at 
Palestine  Station,  11  miles  S.  of  Boonville. 

New  Palestine,  Clermont  co.,  0.    See  Palestine. 

New  Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  3^  miles  S.  of  Pemberton  Station.  It  baa  a 
church.     Pop.  about  100.     Hero  is  Tawawa  Post-Office. 

New  Paltz,  a  post-village  in  New  Paltz  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  Wallkill 
Valley  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston,  and  about  20 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newburg.  It  contains  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  425;  of  the  township,  1943. 

New  Par'is,  a  post-village  of  Elknart  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Turkey  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Goshen. 

NeAV  Paris,  a  post-village  of  Preble  oo.,  0.,  in  Jeffer- 
son  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Dayton  with  Richmond,  and 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dayton,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind. 
It  has  mineral  springs,  a  high  school,  and  7  oburohes. 
Pop.  about  900. 

New  Paris,  a  post-village  in  Napier  township,  Bed- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  about  33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Fawn 
township,  5  miles  from  Muddy  Creek  Forks,  which  is  a 
railroad  station.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Pen'nington,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  2 
miles  from  New  Point  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Per'lican,  a  post-town  on  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 3  miles  N.  of  Heart's  Content.  The  inhabitant* 
are  engaged  in  ship-building  and  farming,  as  well  as  in  the 
cod-fisheries.     Pop.  420. 

New  Perth,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  8  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

New  Pe'tersburg,  a  post- village  of  Highland  co.,  C, 
in  Paint  township,  about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chillioothe. 
It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall.    P.  216. 

New  Petersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  eo.,  Pa., 
about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonougb 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  64J 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church. 


NEW 


1978 


NEW 


New  Philadelphia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
Ind.,  about  25  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a  tannery. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  in  Goshen  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas 
River,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Canton,  100  miles  by  railroad  S.  by  E.  of  Cleveland,  24 
miles  S.  nf  Massillon,  and  98  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It 
is  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Tuscarawas  Valley  Railroad  and 
the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  and  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the  Cleveland  A  Pitts- 
burg Railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other 
banks,  a  union  school,  8  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2  plan- 
ing-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  agricultural 
machines.  Coal  and  iron  ore  abound  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3070;  in  1890,4456. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  borough  in  Blythe  township, 
Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  (1890)  562. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  hamlet  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  San  Francisco  A  New  Orleans  Line  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Company,  73  miles  W.  of  Houston. 

New  Pine  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon, 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lakeview. 

New  Pitts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind., 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Pittsburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  in 
Chester  township,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wooster,  and  about 
24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Pleas'ant  Grove,  post-office,  Lamar  co.,  Tex. 

New  Plymouth,  plim'uth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vinton 
eo.,  0.,  about  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chillicothe. 

New  Plymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  S.  of  Burksville. 

New  Plymouth,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  W. 
eoast  of  the  North  Island,  150  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auckland. 
It  is  connected  by  railway  with  Raleigh,  and  has  a  bank, 
2  newspapers,  and  several  manufactories.     Pop.  2500. 

New  Point,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles  E. 
of  Greensburg,  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

New  Point,  a  post-village  of  Holt  oo.,  Mo.,  1  mile  from 
the  Nodaway  River,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Forest  City.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores. 

New  Point  Com'fort,  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  N.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Mobjack  Bay,  18  miles  N.  of  Old  Point 
Comfort,  Va.     On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  60  feet  above  sea-level. 

Newport,  new'port  (L.  No'vus  Bur'gus),  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Hants,  in  the  centre  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
of  which  it  is  the  capital,  on  the  Medina  River,  17  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Southampton.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Cowes 
and  Ryde.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  in  which  was  buried 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Charles  I.,  a  town  hall,  a  fine  church, 
a  grammar-school,  founded  by  James  I.,  a  museum,  guild 
hall  and  market-house,  borough  and  county  jail,  2  assem- 
bly-rooms, a  neat  theatre,  an  excellent  public  library,  lit- 
erary and  mechanics'  institutions,  2  or  3  banks,  and  a 
manufactory  of  lace.  Newport  is  famous  for  its  agricultural 
implements.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  grand  military  depot 
of  Parkhurst  Barracks,  now  a  national  model  prison,  and 
opposite  to  it  a  large  house  of  industry.  Quarter  sessions 
are  held  here,  also  an  ancient  governor's  court.  Newport 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     P.  10,217. 

Newport,  a  borough-town  of  England,  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth, on  the  Usk,  about  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mon- 
mouth. The  chief  buildings  are  the  ancient  parish  church, 
the  ruined  castle  built  by  Robert  Fitzroy,  remains  of  a  mon- 
astery, a  union  workhouse,  and  several  schools  and  chapels. 
It  has  magnificent  docks  and  wharves,  with  yards  for  ship- 
building, iron-foundries,  and  an  immense  export  trade  in 
coal,  iron,  and  tin.  The  port  is  accessible  to  large  vessels. 
The  borough  unites  with  Monmouth  and  Usk  in  sending 
one  member  to  Parliament.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop.     Pop.  (1891)  54,695. 

Newport,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the 
Strine,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shrewsbury.  Pop.  2675.  It  has 
a  branch  bank,  and  considerable  malt-works,  and  in  the 
vicinity  are  mines  of  coal  and  iron.  It  is  connected  by 
canals  with  Shrewsbury,  Birmingham,  and  Liverpool. 

Newport,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  Firth  of  Tay, 
opposite  Dundee.     Pop.  1507. 

Newport,  a  town,  Netherlands.     See  Nieuwpoort. 

Newport,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pembroke,  on  the 
Irish  Soa,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fishguard.  Its  bay,  of  the 
■ame  name,  forms  an  excellent  harbor.  The  chief  imports 
arc  coal  and  timber.     Pop.  of  parish,  1649. 


New'port,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Rhode 
Island,  has  an  area  of  about  100  square  miles.  It  com- 
prises, besides  a  portion  of  the  mainland,  which  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Narragansett  Bay,  2  islands  which  are  in  that 
bay  and  are  called  Canonicut  and  Rhode  Island.  On  the 
latter  is  a  very  fashionable  watering-place.  The  surface  is 
finely  diversified.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  Indian  com, 
oats,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad  and  the  Newport  <fc  Wickford  Railroad, 
both  of  which  connect  with  Newport,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20,050;  in  1880,  24,180;  in  1890,  28,552. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
White  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  <fc  Fulton  Railroad,  83  miles 
N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  brooms. 

Newport,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  Newport  Bay, 
Pacific  Ocean,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Ana.     Here  is  a  land 
ing-place. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Christiana  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  rolling-mill. 

Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  co..  111.,  about  14  miles  W. 
of  Vandalia.     Here  is  Woburn  Post-Office. 

Newport,  a  post-township  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  about  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Waukegan.  Pop.  1289.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Des  Plaines  River. 

Newport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind., 
is  in  Vermilion  township,  on  Little  Vermilion  River,  and 
on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Railroad,  1  mile 
W.  of  the  Wabash  River,  31  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute,  and 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  haa  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  691. 

Newport,  a  village  in  New  Garden  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Fort  Wayne  Rail> 
road,  9  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  Ac.     Pop.  343.     Here  is  Fountain  City  Post-Office. 

Newport,  a  post-township  of  Johnson  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
4  miles  N.  of  Iowa  City,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Iowa 
River.     Pop.  746. 

Newport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  is 
situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Cincinnati,  and  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Licking  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Covington  and  here  enters  the  Ohio.  It  is  99  miles  N.  of 
Lexington,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Louisville,  Cin- 
cinnati &  Lexington  Railroad.  An  iron  railroad-bridge 
across  the  Ohio  connects  Newport  with  Cincinnati,  and  a 
suspension-bridge  over  the  Licking  River  connects  the 
former  city  with  Covington.  This  city  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated, and  contains  numerous  handsome  residences,  9  or  10 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  an 
iron-foundry,  several  steam-mills,  and  2  large  rolling-mills. 
Newport  was  in  1870  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  popula- 
tion.    Pop.  in  1830,  20,433;  in  1890,  24,918. 

Newport,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish.  La. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Penob- 
scot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Dexter  Branch,  27  miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  shoe- 
factory.  Here  is  a  lake,  called  Newport  Pond,  15  miles  in 
circuit.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1188. 

Newport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about  fiO 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Berlin  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Mich.,  near  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern  and  Chicago  &  Canada  Southern  Rail- 
roads, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe,  and  33  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  baskets,  flour,  staves,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township.  Wash 
ington  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles 
below  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  300. 

Newport,  a  post-bamlet  of  Attala  co..  Miss.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Sallis  Station,  and  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson. 

Newport,  Barton  co.,  Mo.    See  Horse  Creek. 

Newport,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.     See  Dundee. 

Newport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
in  Newport  township,  on  the  Concord  A  Claremont  Rail- 
road, 43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord,  and  11  miles  E.  of 
Claremont.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
flannels.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2623. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Downe  township.  Cumber- 


NEW 


1979 


NEW 


land  CO.,  N.  J.,  11  miles  from  Newport  Station  of  the  Bridge- 
ton  <k  Port  Norris  Railroad,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bridge- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Herki- 
mer CO.,  N.Y.,  on  West  Canada  Creek,  about  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Utica,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Herkimer.  It  contains  a 
graded  school,  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine- 
shop,  Ac.     Pop.  651 ;  of  the  township,  1792. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.,  near  the 
sea-coast,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Kailroad, 
26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newborn.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  250 ;  of  Newport  township,  1182. 

Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  C,  about  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Columbus.     Here  is  Walnut  Run  Post-Office. 

Newport,  a  decayed  village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Ravenna. 

NcAVport,  or  Wynant,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  in 
Cynthiana  township,  on  the  Miami  A  Erie  Canal,  40  miles 
N.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  .307.     Here  is  Wynant  Post-Office. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  16  miles  above  Marietta. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  tobacco- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  150;  of  the  township,  2002. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yaquina  River,  70  miles 
W.  of  Albany.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  also  a  good 
harbor  and  a  light-house. 

Newport,  a  village  in  Big  Beaver  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  New  Castle  Branch 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Irish  Ripple  Post-Office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Newport,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     It  has  im- 

{>ortant  coal-mines.  Pop.  1279.  Newport  Railroad  Station 
s  in  the  borough  of  Wanamie  (which  see),  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Newport,  a  post-borough  in  Oliver  township.  Perry  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg,  and 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  3  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  5  churches,  2  steam  tanneries,  an  iron-furnace,  a 
planing-mill,  a  large  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  2 
brick-yards.     Pop.  in  1890,  1417. 

Newport,  a  port  of  entry,  fashionable  watering-place, 
semi-capital  of  Rhode  Island,  and  capital  of  Newport  co., 
IS  situated  on  the  beautiful  Narragansett  Bay,  and  on  the 
W.  shore  of  the  island  of  Rhode  Island,  about  5  miles  from 
the  ocean,  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Providence,  and  68  miles  by 
railroad  S.  of  Boston.  Lat.  41°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  19'  12"  W. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  which  is  capacious,  safe,  easy  of  ac- 
cess, and  deep  enough  for  the  largest  ships.  The  harbor 
is  defended  by  Fort  Adams,  a  granite  fortress  of  great  size 
and  strength,  which  mounts  468  guns  and  is  located  on 
Brenton's  Point,  about  2  miles  S.W.  of  the  city.  The  cli- 
mate of  Newport  is  commended  for  mildness  and  equa- 
bility, and  is  probably  modified  by  the  Gulf  Stream.  Its 
balmy  atmosphere,  varied  scenery,  and  fine  facilities  for 
bathing  and  boating  have  rendered  it  one  of  the  most 
fashionable  watering-places  in  the  United  States.  Many 
wealthy  citizens  of  Boston,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia  have 
erected  cottages  and  palatial  villas  here,  and  there  are  also 
a  number  of  large  hotels.  The  magnificent  steamboats 
which  ply  between  New  York  and  Fall  River  touch  at  New- 
port every  day.  Other  steamboats  run  several  times  a  day 
to  Providence.  This  city  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Old  Col- 
ony Railroad.  It  contains  a  brick  state-house,  a  custom- 
house, a  city  hall,  an  academy  of  music,  16  churches,  a  syn- 
agogue, 2  public  libraries,  5  national  banks,  3  savings-banks, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Here  is  Trinity  church,  in  which  the  eminent 
philosopher  Berkeley  preached  about  1730.  Among  the 
remarkable  institutions  is  the  Redwood  Library,  which  has 
about  20,000  volumes  and  many  paintings,  in  a  handsome 
Doric  edifice.  Newport  has  a  public  park,  named  Touro 
Park,  on  which  stands  an  ancient  building  called  the 
Round  Tower,  or  Old  Stone  Mill.  This  place  was  set- 
tled in  1638,  and  was  one  of  the  chief  commercial  cities  of 
New  England  before  the  Revolution.  The  population  in 
1774  was  about  12,000.  The  war  of  independence  ruined 
its  commerce,  and  nearly  depopulated  this  town,  which  has 
never  recovered  its  commercial  importance.  William  Ellery 
Channing  was  born  here  in  1780.  Newport  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods,  brass,  copper,  fish  oil,  flour,  Ao.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,621;  in  1880,  15,693;  in  1890,  19,457. 

Newport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cocke  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Big  Pigeon  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland 
Gap  A  Charleston  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Knoxville.     It 


has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  »  masonic  instikite, 
and  a  flour-mill.      Pop.  in  1890,  658. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Tex.,  72  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Port  Worth.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  3  stores. 

Newport,  a  post-village  and  township,  capital  of  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  near  its 
S.  end,  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  and  on  the  Southeast- 
em  Railroad  of  Canada,  44  miles  N,  of  St.  Johnsbnry.  It 
is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Steamboats  ply  be- 
tween Newport  and  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  first- 
class  hotel  which  can  accommodate  300  guests,  and  other 
hotels.  It  has  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  and  lamber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1730;  of  the  township,  .3047. 

Newport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  18  miles  N. 
of  Christiansburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Monongahela,  6  miles  below  Fairmont.     It  has  s  church. 

Newport,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1721. 
It  contains  Kilboum. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on  Grand 
River,  3i  miles  from  Brantford.     It  contains  3  stores, 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Gtisp^  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Bay  of  Chaleurs,  37  miles  from  Perc6.     Pop.  200. 

Newport,  or  Brooklyn,  a  thriving  post-village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  6  miles  from  Newport  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  2  tanneries,  a  booi- 
and  shoe-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

New  Port'age,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  the  Ohio  Canal,  and 
the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  A  Columbus  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Akron.     It  has  a  church. 

Newport  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Newport  township,  2  miles  from  Morse  Station. 

Newport  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Newport  township,  on  the  Southeastern  Railroad,  7i  miles 
N.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

New  Port'land,  a  post-village  in  New  Portland  town- 
ship, Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Kennebec, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  2  churches  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  North  New  Portland.     Pop.  of  township,  1454. 

Newport  Landing,  or  Avondale,  a  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Hants,  on  an  arm  of  Miuas  Basin,  3  miles  from 
Windsor.     Ship-building  is  carried  on  here.     Pop.  500. 

Newport  News,  a  city  of  Virginia,  the  capital  of 
Warwick  co.,  is  situated  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  estuary  of 
James  River,  where  it  unites  with  Hampton  Roads,  9  miles 
S.  of  Old  Point  Comfort.  It  is  the  main  eastern  terminus 
of  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railway,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.  It  has  12  churches,  3  banks,  a  ship-building 
and  dry-dock  company,  knitting-mills,  iron-works,  a  grain- 
elevator  (capacity,  1,700,000  bushels),  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  Newport 
News  has  direct  steamship  lines  to  London,  Liverpool,  and 
Bremen,  and  is  an  important  coaling-station,  at  which 
steamers,  to  the  number  of  several  hundred  annually,  ply- 
ing between  Southern  and  European  ports  stop  for  coal. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4449;  present  pop.  about  10,000. 

New'port'Pag'nell,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Buck- 
ingham, on  the  Ouse,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wolverton.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lace.     Pop.  3655. 

Newport  Tip,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Tipperary,  on 
the  Mulkern,  9i  miles  N.E.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  1013. 

New'portville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Bristol  township,  on  Ncshaminy  Creek,  2^  miles  N.W.  of 
Bristol.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carnage-shop.     Pop.  300. 

New  Prairie,pr&'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  00.,  Minn., 
on  the  Chippewa,  12  miles  E.  of  Morris.     It  has  a  chunSh. 

New  Pres'ton,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  outlet  of  Waramaug  Pond,  and 
on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Litchfield, 
and  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hartford.  White  marble 
is  quarried  near  this  village.  It  contains  an  academy,  a 
church,  a  seminary,  and  a  twine-factory. 

NeAV  Pros'pect,  a  hamlet  of  Hale  oo.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Akron  Railroad  Station.     It  has  1  or  2  ohurohee. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  6a. 

New  Prospect,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Paoli.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  oo..  Miss., 
about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  steam-mill. 

New  Prospect,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  on  tha 
Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Oxford. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  8.C., 


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1980 


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15  miles  S.W.  of  Spartanburg  Court-House.  It  has  2 
ohurches  and  a  high  school. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Union  co,,  Tenn. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-hamlet  in  Auburn  township, 
Fond  du  Lao  co.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  a  church. 

New  Prov'idence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co., 
Ala.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a 
high  school. 

New  Providence,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  III.  Pop. 
80.     It  contains  Berdan. 

New  Providence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind,, 
at  Providence  Station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

New  Providence,  a  post-village  in  Providence  town- 
ship, Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Marshall- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

New  Providence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  oc,  Ky., 
20  miles  N.  of  Paris,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Providence,  a  post-village  and  township  of 
Union  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  and  on  the  New 
Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  934. 

New  Providence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  railroad  between  Lancaster  and  Quarryville,  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.   It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

New  Providence,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  2  miles  below  Clarkaville. 
It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Providence,  the  most  important  of  the  Bahama 
Islands,  between  Eleuthera  and  Andros.  Lat.  25°  6'  N. ; 
Ion.  77°  21'  W.  It  is  17  miles  long,  is  mostly  flat,  and 
covered  with  brush-wood  and  extensive  lagoons.  On  the 
N.  side  is  the  town  of  Nassau,  the  seat  of  government  of 
the  Bahamas.  New  Providence  was  colonized  by  the  Eng- 
lish in  1629,  but  they  were  expelled  by  the  Spaniards  in 
1641.  It  subsequently  fell  again  into  the  hands  of  the 
English,  and  was  again  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  but  was 
eventually  restored  to  the  former  at  the  peace  of  1783. 

New  Quay,  ke,  a  town,  bathing-place,  and  railway 
terminus  of  England,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Cornwall,  10 
miles  N.  of  Truro.     Pop.  1121. 

New  Quay,  a  small  seaport  of  Wales,  co.  and  on  the 
Bay  of  Cardigan,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lampeter.    Pop.  1421. 

New  Reading,  red'ing,  a  hamlet  in  Reading  town- 
ship. Perry  co.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Somerset  Station,  and  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  95. 

New  Rich'land,  a  post-township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  671. 

New  Richland,  a  post-hamlat  in  Richland  township, 
Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  at  Richland  Station,  10  miles  N.  of  Bellefontaine. 

New  Rich'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Coal  Creek  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette. 

New  Richmond,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.    See  Richmond. 

New  Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  the  most  populous  village  in  the  county.  It 
has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  a  union 
school,  a  town  hall,  a  distillery,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  foundry, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2379. 

New  Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa., 
11  or  12  miles  N.E.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  87  miles 
S.E.  of  Charleston. 

New  Richmond,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis., 
in  Richmond  township,  on  Willow  River,  and  on  the  North 
Wisconsin  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  3  churches,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1408. 

New  Rich'mond,  a  seaport  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Bay  of  Cbaleurs,  53  miles  E.N.E.  of  Campbell- 
ton,  New  Brunswick.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and 
fish,  und  contains  10  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  250. 

New  Riegel,  ree'gh^l,  a  village  of  Seneca  co.,  0., 
in  Big  Spring  township,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin,  and 
2  miles  W.  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Rail- 
road.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  236. 

New  Ring'gold,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa., 
on  the  Little  Schuylkill  Railroad,  about  9  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Tamaqua.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

New  River,  Alabama.     See  Sipsbt  River. 

New  River,  Louisiana,  flows  into  Lake  Maurepas  from 
the  W. 

New  River,  North  Carolina,  a  small  stream  which  runs 
southward  in  Onslow  oo.  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Oceai.. 


New  River,  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  runs  nearly  south* 
ward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  7  miles  N.E.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Savannah  River. 

New  River,  Virginia.    See  Great  Kanawha. 

New  River,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

New  River,  a  post-village  of  Ascension  parish.  La., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  25  miles  by 
the  road  S.S.E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

New  River,  a  hamlet  in  Huron  township,  Huron  co., 
Mich.,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  salt. 

New  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  New  River,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marion,  Va. 

New  River,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  th« 
branch  to  Richmond,  Ind.     It  is  3  miles  N.  of  Hamilton. 

New  River,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn. 

New  River  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va., 
near  the  New  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  98  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2 
churches. 

New  River  Falls,  a  station  in  Summers  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  New  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.  of  Hinton. 

New  River  White  Sulphur  Springs.  SeeEooLEs 
ton's  Springs. 

New  Road,  a  post-office  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C. 

New  Roads,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Point  Couple  par- 
ish. La.,  situated  about  4  miles  S.  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
25  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Baton  Rouge.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices  and  general  stores.  Cotton  and  sugar-cane 
are  grown  in  this  district.     Pop.  about  600. 

New  Rochelle,  ro-shell',  a  post-village  in  New  Ro- 
chelle  township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island 
Sound,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Harlem  River  Branch,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  New  York.  It  contains  many  beautiful  villas,  7 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  manufactory  of  druggists' 
scales.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  8217;  of  the  township,  9057. 

New  Roch'ester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  oo.,  0.,  on 
Portage  River,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  church. 

New  Rockford,  Indiana.     See  Rockford. 

New  Roe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green.     Pop.  146. 

New  Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

New  Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

New  Ross,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ind.,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianap- 
olis, Bloomington  <i:  Western  Railroad,  33  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, a  grist-mill,  &c. 

NcAV  Ross,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  oo.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  from  Iroquois.     Pop.  120. 

New  Ross  Road,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Salmon  Tail  River,  20  miles  from  Kentville. 

New  Rum 'ley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumley  township, 
Harrison  co.,  0.,  about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

New  Russia,  rush'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Boquet  River,  12  "miles  W.S.W.  of  Westport.  It  baa 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Rutland,  La  Salle  co..  111.    See  Rutland. 

Newry,  nu'ree,  a  borough  and  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of 
Down  and  Armagh,  on  the  Newry  Water,  6  miles  above  its 
mouth  in  Carlingford  Bay,  and  at  a  railway  junction,  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  2  handsome  churches,  2 
Roman  Catholic  chapels,  a  convent,  a  preparatory  seminary, 
a  town  hall,  2  jails,  barracks,  a  workhouse,  assembly-rooms, 
a  custom-house,  a  court-house,  and  a  market-house.  The 
principal  exports  are  linen,  grain,  provisions,  cattle,  eggs, 
and  butter,  chiefly  to  England,  but  it  trades  also  with  North 
America,  the  Baltic,  and  the  Levant.  The  borough  sends  a 
member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  13,211. 

New'ry,a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Vernon  town- 
ship, 5  miles  from  Langdon's  Station. 

Newry,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston. 
Pop.  416.     Newry  Post-Office  is  6  miles  N.  of  Bethel. 

Newry,  a  post-township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
717.     Newry  Post-Office  is  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin. 

Newry,  a  post-borough  in  Blair  township,  Blair  oo., 
Pa.,  12  miles  S.  of  Altoona,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Hollidays- 
burg.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.     It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  flour-mill,  io. 


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Newry,  a  post-oflBce  of  Vernon  oc,  Wis. 

Newry,  a  post-village  in  Perth  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Wellington,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pal- 
merston.     Pop.  100. 

New  Saint  Lonis,  a  post-office  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish,  La. 

New  Salem,  Edwards  co.,  111.     See  West  Saleh. 

New  Sa'Iem,  a  township  of  McDonough  oo.,  111.  Pop. 
1233.     It  contains  Adair. 

New  Salem,  a  post-village  in  New  Salem  township. 
Pike  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville,  and  30  miles  B.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  316  ;  of  township,  1418. 

New  Salem,  a  post- village  in  Noble  township,  Rush 
CO.,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.B.  of  Rushville,  and  about  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  3  stores. 

New  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Wichita.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Salem,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad,  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  hamlets  named  Mil- 
lington.  North  New  Salem,  and  New  Salem.     Pop.  987. 

New  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Salem,  a  poat-village  in  New  Scotland  township, 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  219. 

New  Salem,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.     See  Farmingtok. 

New  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  in 
New  Salem  township,  about  70  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop,  of  the  township,  931. 

New  Salem,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.     P.  2191. 

New  Salem,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Walnut  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Thornpcfrt  Station,  about 
30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches.    P.  177. 

New  Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in  Red 
Bank  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Maysville  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Pierce  Post-Offlce. 

New  Salem,  a  post- village  in  Menallen  township, 
Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  3 
churches. 

New  Salem,  or  Salem,  a  borough  in  Salem  town- 
ship, Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  448.     Here  is  Delmont  Post-Office. 

New  Salem,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

New  Salem,  a  post- village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  68  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

New  Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Har- 
rison CO.,  Ind.,  about  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany. 

New  Salisbury,  a  station  in  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Wellsville. 

New  San'ta  F6,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo., 
about  16  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

New^  Santander.    See  Tamaulipas,  and  Nuevo  San- 

TA\DEU. 

NeAV  Sarum,  a  city  of  England.    See  Salisbury. 

New  Sa'rum,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  E.  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  180. 

New  Scandinavia,  skan-d§-na've-a,  a  post- village  in 
Scandia  township,  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Republican 
River,  about  75  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

New  Scot'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Scotland  town- 
ship, Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Athens  &  Schenectady  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  103. 
The  township  contains  larger  villages,  named  Clarksville  and 
New  Salem.     Pop.  3268. 

New  Scotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Economy  Railroad  Station. 

New  Seda'lia,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Segovia,  Central  America.   See  Nueva  Segovia. 

New  Sew'ickley,  township,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.    P.  1602. 

News  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Dan  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  24 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
foundry. 

New  Shar'on,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Ma- 
haska CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  12  miles 
N.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
2  coal-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1026. 

NeAV  Sharon,  a  post-village  in  New  Sharon  township, 
Franklin  co..  Me.,  on  Sandy  River,  about  28  miles  N.N.W. 


of  Augusta.  It  has  3  or  4  chnrches,  and  manafactar«t  of 
carriages,  boots,  shoes,  and  cane-seat  chairs.  Fine  gr&nita 
is  found  in  the  township.  The  Bandy  River  here  affordi 
extensive  water-power.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1451, 

New  Sharon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  1 
mile  from  Sharon,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Trenton. 

New  Sheffield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hopewell  township, 
Beaver  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  steam  flour-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

New  Shoreham,  shor'am,  a  post-office  and  Bummer 
resort  in  New  Shoreham  township,  Newport  oo.,  R.I.,  on 
Block  Island  (in  the  Atlantic  Ocean),  30  milea  8.S.W.  of 
Newport.  Here  is  a  large  and  superior  hotel,  and  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  island  there  is  an  extensive  breakwater,  forming 
a  harbor  of  refuge.  The  township,  which  comprises  all  the 
island,  contains  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1147. 

New  Sibe'ria,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
oflF  the  N.  coast  of  Siberia,  government  of  Takootsk,  be- 
tween lat.  73°  12'  and  76°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  135°  20'  and 
150°  20'  E.  They  consist  of  Kotelnoi,  Fadievskoi,  New 
Siberia,  Liaghof,  and  some  smaller  islands.  New  Siberia, 
the  most  E.  of  these  islands,  is  75  miles  long  and  30  miles 
wide,  and  presents  some  curious  vegetable  and  animal  fossil 
remains.     It  was  discovered  by  H^enstroem  in  1809. 

New  Site,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  about 
65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Site,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss. 

NeAV  Slateville,  sUfvIl,  a  hamlet  of  Lehigh  oo..  Pa., 
1  mile  from  Steinsville  Station.  It  has  a  slate-quarry. 
Roofing-slate  is  manufactured  here. 

New  Smyr'na,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  oo.,  Fla.,  on 
Mosquito  Lagoon,  about  3  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Palatka. 

New  Somerset,  siim'^r-set,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Ohio,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

New'som's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Portsmouth. 

New'som's  Station  is  on  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

New  South  Wales,  a  British  colony  of  Australia, 
having  Queensland  on  the  N.,  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  E., 
Victoria  on  the  S.,  and  South  Australia  on  the  W.  Area, 
325,000  square  miles.  The  coast-line  extends  700  miles  in 
a  generally  N.N.E.  direction  from  Cape  Howe  to  Point 
Danger.  The  river  Murray  and  one  or  two  of  its  tributaries 
form  the  principal  portion  of  its  southern  limit,  and  its 
northern  boundary  follows  the  river  Mclntyre  to  a  point 
on  the  29th  parallel  of  S.  lat.,  which  parallel  it  follows 
westward  to  the  141st  degree  of  E.  Ion.,  which  meridian  is 
the  W.  boundary  of  the  colony. 

Physical  Aspect,  dee, — A  range  of  rugged  mountains — 
the  Australian  Alps — runs  N.  and  S.  at  a  distance  of  from 
25  to  120  miles  from  the  sea,  with  numerous  lateral  spurs. 
The  eastern  slope  has  many  fertile  alluvial  flats,  a  large 
part  resting  upon  a  bed  of  excellent  coal.  The  moontain- 
area  abounds  in  productive  mines  of  gold,  tin,  oopper,  lead, 
Ac.  The  vast  interior  plains,  traversed  by  the  rivers  Mar- 
ray,  Lachlan,  Murrumbidgee,  and  Darling,  support  milliona 
of  cattle  and  sheep.  None  of  the  mountains  reach  the 
snow-line.  The  climate  resembles  that  of  Southern  Europe, 
except  among  the  mountains,  where  snow  and  ice  lie  at 
some  points  for  a  good  part  of  the  year. 

Agricultural  Resources. — Much  of  the  soil  is  well  adapted 
to  profitable  culture.  The  principal  productions  are  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  barley,  oats,  potatoes,  arrowroot,  sugar-oane^ 
tobacco,  wine,  brandy,  and  table  grapes.  Useful  native 
fibres,  kino,  gums,  and  tanners'  bark  are  collected.  Cotton, 
silk,  raisins,  oranges,  and  tropical  and  other  fruits  are 
also  beginning  to  be  produced,  for  the  warm  and  equable 
climate  of  the  northern  interior  tracts  is  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  the  tropical  products  as  well  as  those  of  the  tem- 
perate zones.  But  the  great  wealth  of  the  country  consists 
in  its  flocks  and  herds,  supported  by  rich  native  grasses. 
Some  150,000,000  acres  are  leased  for  pasturage,  at  less 
than  3  farthings  per  acre,  and  some  shepherds  possess  as 
many  as  100,000  sheep  individually.  Fine  wool  is  grown 
in  the  interior,  coarse  wool  on  the  coast.  Many  horses  are 
exported  to  India.  There  are  in  the  colony,  aoeording  to 
the  most  recent  returns,  about  500,000  horses,  2,000,000 
neat  cattle,  60,000,000  sheep,  and  300,000  swine.  In  pros- 
perous years  about  260,000,000  pounds  of  wool  arc  exported. 
Live-stock,  meats,  leather,  hides,  fells,  and  tallow  are  also 
exported,  exceeding  in  value  £20,000,000  steriing.  Stock 
is  not  housed  or  fed  in  the  winter. 


NEW 


1982 


NEW 


Mineral  Wealth. — Gold  is  found  in  all  parts  of  the  colony. 
The  total  amount  produced  from  1851  to  the  end  of  1890 
waa  10,177,439  ounces,  valued  at  £37,668,721.  The  value 
of  silver  and  silver-lead  ore  exported  up  to  the  same  date 
was  £7,682,606 ;  of  copper  raised  (estimated),  £3,362,728 ; 
of  tin  produced,  £5,541,700.  Several  thousand  diamonds 
have  been  found,  also  argentiferous  galena,  antimony,  good 
lignite,  iron  ores,  wollongongite  (prized  as  a  gas-enricher), 
limestone,  sandAone,  marble,  granite,  and  cinnabar. 

Manu/aeturea  include  wines,  raisins,  sugar,  brandies, 
leather,  woollen  goods,  soap,  candles,  oils,  timber,  furni- 
ture, carriages,  beer,  cheese,  and  earthenware.  Ship-build- 
ing and  the  making  of  machines  and  metallic  wares  are 
carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent. 

The  principal  harbors  are  Trial  Bay,  Port  Stephens,  New- 
castle (a  deep  and  capacious  port),  Broken  Bay,  the  mag- 
nificent harbor  of  Port  Jackson,  Botany,  Jervis,  and  Two- 
fold Bays,  and  the  small  ports  of  Wollongong,  Kiama, 
Shoalhaven,  Ulladulla,  and  Moruya.  The  vessels  engaged 
in  the  trade  of  the  colony  in  1890  were,  those  entering  the 
port,  2889,  with  a  tonnage  of  2,413,247;  those  clearing, 
2777,  with  a  tonnage  of  2,348,625.  Value  of  imports, 
£22,615,004;  of  exports,  £22,045,937. 

Education,  &c. — Education  is  compulsory,  and  is  under 
state  control,  though  many  private  schools  and  colleges 
exist.  The  University  of  Sydney  receives  £12,000  a  year 
from  the  government ;  and  three  affiliated  denominational 
colleges  are  assisted  by  the  state.  The  university  has  also 
professional  schools,  in  which  degrees  are  granted.  There 
are  more  than  100  newspapers,  some  25,000  miles  of  tele- 
graph, over  2000  miles  of  railway,  and  banks  with  total 
assets  (1890)  of  £51,679,795.  An  extensive  system  of 
irrigation  has  been  inaugurated  in  the  west.  Light- 
houses and  harbor-improvements  are  maintained  at  the 
public  cost. 

The  government  has  been  modelled  quite  closely  after  the 
home  government  of  Great  Britain,  and  is  practically  as 
free  as  any  in  the  world.  There  is  a  governor  appointed 
by  the  crown,  and  a  parliament  of  two  houses.  Bishops  of 
the  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic  churches  have  episcopal 
seats  at  Sydney,  Goulburn,  and  Bathurst.  Newcastle,  at  the 
mouth  of  Hunter  River,  is  the  great  coal  port.  Bathurst  is 
the  metropolis  of  the  interior,  and  Sydney  is  the  capital 
and  the  principal  port.     Pop.  of  colony  in  1891,  1,134,207. 

The  country  was  visited  and  named  by  Cook  in  1770, 
settled  in  1788  as  a  convict  colony,  ceased  to  be  such  in 
1841,  included  Victoria  until  1851,  and  Queensland  until 
1859.  Gold  was  first  discovered  in  1851.  (See  Australia 
for  a  notice  of  the  native  fauna  and  flora,  and  of  the  abo- 
riginal wild  tribes.) 

New  South  Wilt'shire,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  9  miles  from  Charlottetown.  P.  150. 

New  Spain,  a  former  name  of  Mexico. 

New  Spar'ta,  or  Spar'ta,  a  hamlet  of  Owen  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  45 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Spring'field,  a  post- village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Mahoning  co.,  0.,  12  or  13  miles  S.  of  Youngstown. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  142. 

New  Spring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Richmond  co.,  Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles 
S.W.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Stau'ton,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  oo., 
Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

New'stead,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  1 
mile  E.  of  Melrose,  on  the  Tweed.  Near  it  are  traces  of  a 
Roman  camp,  and  remains  of  an  ecclesiastical  edifice  of 
early  date.     Pop.  315. 

New'stead,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Newstead,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  3493. 

New'stead  Ab'bey,  England,  co.  and  8i  miles  N.W. 
of  Nottingham,  in  the  vicinity  of  Sherwood  Forest,  founded 
in  1170  as  a  priory  of  Black  Canons,  and  memorable  as  the 
family  residence  of  Lord  Byron.  It  stands  on  the  verge  of 
s  small  lake,  among  grounds  of  great  beauty.  Numerous 
relics  of  the  poet  are  carefully  preserved  here. 

New  Stir'Iing,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

New  Store,  a  post-village  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
about  70  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Richmond,  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

New  Straits'ville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Logan,  and  62  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
is  on  the  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  &  Hocking 
Valley  Railroad.  It  is  partly  supported  by  operations  in 
iron  and  coal.    Much  coal  is  mined  here.    P.  (1S90)  2782. 

New  Stras'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Amanda  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  near  Amanda  Station,  4  miles  S.  of  Royalton. 


New  Suffolk,  a  village  of  Southold  township,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Great  Peconic  Bay,  2  miles  S.  of  Cutchogue. 
It  is  a  summer  resort,  and  has  a  wharf,  and  an  active  trade 
in  shell-fish.     It  is  visited  by  large  steamers.     Pop.  200. 

New  Sup^ply',  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C, 
about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Southport. 

New  Swe'den,  a  post-township  and  large  Swedish 
colony  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caribou. 

New  Sweden,  township,  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  769. 

New  Sweden,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  i  mile 
from  Au  Sable  Railroad  Station.     It  has  about  10  families. 

New  Ta'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas, 
35  miles  S.W.  of  Fairbury,  Neb. 

New  Taze'Avell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
32  miles  N.  of  Corryton. 

New  Tex'as,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Point 
Couple  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

New  Texas,  a  post- village  in  Plum  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

NeAV  Texas,  a  village  in  Fulton  township,  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fulton  House  Station,  and  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  250.     Here  is  Lyles  Post-Office. 

NeAv'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  hav 
an  area  of  about  838  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  thf 
Buffalo  Fork  of  White  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lead  is  found  in 
this  county.  Capital,  Jasper.  Pop.  in  1870, 4374 ;  in  1880, 
6120;  in  1890,  9950. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  theSouth  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Ulco- 
fauhatchee  and  Yellow  Rivers,  which  unite  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  county  and  form  the  Ocmulgee  River.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  abundance  of  granite.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Cov- 
ington, the  oapitol.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,615 ;  in  1880, 13,623 ; 
in  1890,  14,310. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
ders on  Illinois.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Kankakee  River,  and  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Iroquois  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  and  by  Beaver 
Lake.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  <& 
Indiana  Coal  Railroad.  The  extreme  N.E.  part  is  also 
traversed  by  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Kentland.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6829;  in  1880,  8167;  in  1890,  8803. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Young  Warrior  River  and  a  branch  of  the  Chickasawha 
River.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of 
the  Queen  <fc  Crescent  Railway  System.  Capital,  Decatur. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,067;  in  1880,  13,436;  in  1890,  16,625. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Waterfall 
Creek  and  an  affluent  of  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  blue  ash,  elm,  white 
ash,  hickory,  red  oak,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  <t:c.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  carbonif- 
erous limestone  and  lead-mines.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  and  the  Kansas  City, 
Fort  Smith  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Neosho,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,821 ;  in  1880, 
18,947;  in  1890,  22,108. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  970  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Newton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2187;  in  1880,  4359;  in  1890,  4660. 

Newton,  a  post-village  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Choc- 
tawhatchee  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  520. 

Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Flint  River,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches.     Cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Newton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  HI.,  in 


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Wade  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and  on  the  Qray- 
ville  &  Mattoon  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Olney,  and  42 
miles  S.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  a  flour-mill.      P.  (1890)  1428. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.  Pop.  880. 
It  contains  Kingsbury. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  468. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     P.  909. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  442. 

Newton,  a  city,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Jasper  County  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Marshalltown.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  an  academy,  a  public  school-house  which  cost 
$40,000,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 

Sapers.  Pop.  in  189D,  2564;  of  Newton  township,  3476. 
oal  abounds  in  Newton  township. 

Newton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Southwestern  Branch  with  the  main  line,  74 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Emporia,  and  27  miles  N.  of  Wichita.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  brewery.  Pop.  in  1890,  5605 ; 
of  Newton  township,  737. 

Newton,  a  city  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass.,  about  8  miles 
W.S.W,  of  Boston,  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  <fc  Albany 
Railroad.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Charles  River  on  all  sides 
except  the  E.  Many  citizens  of  Boston  have  suburban 
residences  in  this  township,  the  surface  of  which  is  diver- 
sified with  hills  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  valuation 
of  its  real  and  personal  estate  is  about  $18,000,000.  It 
contains  several  villages,  namely,  Newton,  Newton  Centre, 
Newton  Lower  Falls,  Newton  Upper  Falls,  Newtonville, 
Auburndale,  West  Newton,  &c.  It  has  27  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school, 
several  seminaries,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  cloth,  paper, 
machinery,  hosiery,  silk,  shoddy,  emery  cloth,  braid,  cord- 
age, glue,  <fcc.  A  city  governtnent  was  organized  here 
January  1,  1874.     Pop.  in  1880, 16,995 ;  in  1890,  24,379. 

Newton,  or  Newton  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  a  part  of  the  city  of  Newton,  on  Charles 
River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 
of  Boston.  It  contains  several  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  many  handsome  residences,  and  a  public 
library  in  a  costly  stone  building. 

Newton,  a  post-township  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.     Pop.  891. 

Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of 
Jackson.    It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches.    P.  154. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  802. 

NcAVton,  a  township  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  193. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  603. 

Newton,  a  station  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River 
Railroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Newton,  a  post-village  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Newton,  a  post-village  in  Newton  township,  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  <k 
Maine  Railroad,  Newton  Station  on  that  road  being  43 
miles  N.  of  Boston.  (See  Newton  Junction.)  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1064. 

Newton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  is  on 
the  Sussex  Railroad,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown, 
and  60  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  By  railroad  it  is  67  miles 
from  New  York,  to  which  several  trains  run  daily.  The 
Sussex  Railroad  connects  with  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad 
at  Waterloo,  11  miles  S.  of  Newton.  Newton  has  5  churches, 
a  collegiate  institute,  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a 
public  library,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  fine  public  build- 
ing containing  a  town  hall,  lecture-room,  reading-room, 
<fcc. ;  also  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  and  a  large  manufactory 
of  shoes.  The  town  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  contains  many 
elegant  residences.  It  is  the  central  market  of  a  populous 
agricultural  and  mineral  county.     Pop.  in  1890,  3003. 

Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C., 
in  Newton  township,  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  W.  of  Statesville,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Charlotte.  It  contains  the  Catawba  College  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1038;  of  the  township,  3633. 

Newton,  Allen  co.,  0.    See  West  Newton. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1208.     It  contains  Chatham,  St.  Louisville,  and  Vanatta. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2680.     It  contains  Pleasant  Hill. 


Newton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newton  township,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Muskingum  Valley  Rail- 
road, at  Del  Carbo  Station,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  affords  much  coal,  and  con- 
tains the  village  of  Uniontown  (or  Fultonham).  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2389. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1188.  It 
contains  Jasper. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Newton  Falls.  Newton  Station  on  the  Cleve- 
land Branch  of  the  Atlantic  A,  Great  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Niles,  is  in  an  adjoining  township. 

Newton,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  near  Peoria  Sta- 
tion of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  about 
24  miles  N.E.  of  Urbana.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon- 
shop.     Here  is  Raymond's  Post-Office. 

Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Yaquina  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  ohureh 
and  a  hotel. 

NeAVton,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Portland. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2345, 
exclusive  of  Newville,  a  borough.  It  contains  OakTille, 
Jacksonville,  and  Stoughstown. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1057. 
It  contains  Bald  Mountain. 

Newton,  a  station  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Tituiville,  Pa. 

NBWton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Texas, 
about  140  miles  N.E.  of  Houston,  and  9  miles  W.  of  the 
Sabine  River. 

Newton,  a  post- village  of  Cache  oonnty,  Utah,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Logan.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  473. 

Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  45. 

Newton,  a  village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  about  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  3  churches.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Mindoro. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.  Pop.  2073. 
It  contains  Northeim  and  Newtonburg. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  669. 

NeAVton,  a  small  post-village  in  Harmony  township, 
Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bad  Axe  River,  22  miles  S.S.E. 
of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Newton,  Durham  co.,  Ontario.     See  Clarke. 

Ne w'ton  Ab'bot  with  NeAVton  Bushel!  (bSSsh'^l), 
a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the  Teign,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Teignmouth. 

Newton  Brook,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario, 

5  miles  S.E.  of  Thornhill.     It  contains  several  stores  and 
saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 

NeAV'tonburg,  or  NeAirton,  a  post-village  of  Mani- 
towoc CO.,  Wis.,  in  Newton  township,  on  the  Milwaukee, 
Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Manitowoc. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.     Here  is  Newtonburg  Post-Office. 

NeAVton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Newton,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  i 
Erie  Railroad,  8  or  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  nearly 
2  miles  S.  of  the  village  of  Newton.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  fine  cemetery.  Here  is  a  Baptist  theological  seminary, 
which  is  liberally  endowed,  and  nas  a  library  of  12,000  vol- 
umes.     It  is  surrounded  by  fine  scenery.     Pop.  1000. 

NeAVton  Corner,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.    See  Newton. 

NeAVton-Douglas,  Scotland.    See  NE\VTO}r-STBWART. 

NeAVton  Factory,  a  post-village  of  Newton  oo.,  Ga., 
on  the  Ulcofauhatchee,  12  miles  S.  of  Covington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  cotton-faotory. 

NeAVton  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Newton  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Alli- 
ance A  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Alliance, 
and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Warren.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  pumps, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  about  500.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Newtonglens,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Ccshsndall. 

NeAVton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Newton  Ham'ilton,  a  post-borough  in  Wayne  town- 
ship, Mifflin  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  at  the  N.  end 
of  the  Great  Aughwick  Valley,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  14i  miles  S.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  2  onnrohef 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  350. 

Newton-Heath,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cottons,  prints,  chemicals,  and  silk  goods.     Pop.  18,103. 

NeAVton  Highlands,  hl'l^ndz,  a  post-hamlet  in  New- 
ton township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford 

6  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.    It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  fire-alarm  telegraph  machines. 


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Nowto'iiia,  a  post-village  in  Newtonia  township,  New- 
ton CO.,  Mo.,  4  miles  S.  of  Ritchey  Station,  and  11  miles  E. 
of  Neosho.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Lead 
ore  is  found  here.     Pop.  463;  of  the  township,  1609. 

Newton-in-Mak'erfield,  or  Newton-le-Wil- 
lows,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  the 
Manchester  <fc  Liverpool  and  Grand  Junction  Railways,  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a  sugar-refinery,  an 
iron-foundry,  paper-mills,  and  glass-works.     Pop.  10,580. 

Newton  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newton  township, 
Fvockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
41  miles  N.  of  Boston.  A  branch  railroad  extends  hence 
to  Merrimac,  Mass.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  1064. 

Newton  Liower  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Newton,  on  the  Charles  River,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  11  miles  W. 
of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  3  paper-mills,  2  shoddy- 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery.     Pop.  about  800. 

New'tonmore,  a  village  of  Scotland, co.  of  Inverness, 
4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Kingussie. 

New'ton  Rob'inson,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  oo., 
Ontario,  9  miles  W.  of  Bradford.  It  has  2  stores  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Newton's  Corners,  a  post-oflBce  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y. 

NeAv'ton's  Retreat',  post-oflSce,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind. 

New'ton- SteAv'art,  or  New'ton-Douglas,  dilg'- 
las,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles  N.  of  Wigtown,  on 
the  Cree.  It  has  a  very  elegant  Gothic  church,  a  town 
house,  market-house,  some  manufactures  of  leather,  hand- 
looms,  and  a  flourishing  trade  in  wool  and  pork.   Pop.  2873. 

Newton  Stew'art,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  Ind., 
on  Patoka  Creek,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Paoli.     Pop,  90. 

New'tonsville,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  120. 

Newton-upon-Ayr,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  op- 
posite Ayr  (of  which  it  forms  a  part  since  1873),  on  the 
Ayr,  and  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde.  It  has  a  parish  church 
and  a  council  hall,  with  ship-building  docks,  rope-walks, 
manufactures  of  sail-cloth  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  several 
iron-  and  brass-foundries.  The  harbor  has  been  im- 
proved, and  a  light-house  erected  on  its  N.  side.  Consider- 
able quantities  of  coal  are  exported.     Pop.  4877, 

NeAVton  Upper  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Newton,  on  the  Charles  River,  and 
on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Boston,  It  has  a  rolling-mill,  a  cotton -factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  3  churches.  Here  is  a  remarkable 
stone  bridge  of  7  arches,  one  of  which  measures  134  feet 
between  the  abutments.     Pop,  about  1500, 

New'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Sipsey  River,  31  miles  N,  by  W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has 
a  church. 

Newtonviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  about 
38  miles  E.  of  Evansville,     It  has  2  churches, 

Newtonviile,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co,,  Iowa. 

Newtonviile,  a  former  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo., 
Mass.,  in  Newton  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W,  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  number  of  hand- 
some residences,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  It  is  now 
the  2d  ward  of  the  city  of  Newton, 

Newtonviile,  a  post-office  of  Attala  oo,,  Miss.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Kosciusko. 

Newtonviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y,,  in 
Watervliet  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church. 

New  To'pia,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

New'town,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  8  miles  S.W,  of 
Montgomery,  on  the  Severn,  and  on  the  Montgomery  Canal. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  town  hall,  a  flannel  hall,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  flannel,  Newtown  contributes  in 
Bending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.    Pop.  4874. 

Newtown,  a  decayed  borough  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
t  miles  W,N,W,  of  Newport. 

New'town,  a  post- village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about 
45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  2  stores. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  in  Newtown  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  high  hill,  and  on  the  Housatonio 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  about  9 
miles  E.  of  Danbury.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  and  an  academy.  The  township  is  bounded 
N.E.  by  Housatonio  River,  and  contains  a  village  named 
Sandy  Hook.  Pop.  of  the  township,  4500.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  buttons,  combs,  wool  hats,  and  belting. 

NeAVtown,  a  village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Burton  town- 
ship, 14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
aour-mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Adams. 

Newtown,  Livingston  co.,  111.    See  Collins. 


NeAVtOAVn,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.  Pop. 
1114.     It  contains  Smithdale  and  Collins. 

NewtOAVn  (Pilot  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Vermilion 
CO.,  111.,  in  Oakwood  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Oakwood 
Station,  which  is  about  8  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  <tc. 

NeAVtOAVn,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A 
Lafayette  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Lawrenceburg,  Ind. 

NeAVtOAvn,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Richland  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette,  and 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Attica,  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  tannery,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 

Newtown,  a  hamlet  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  1  mile 
from  Avoca.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  I^.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Midland  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Georgetown,  and  20 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  a  carriage-factory,  and  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  100. 

NcAVtown,  Worcester  co.,  Md.     See  Pocomoke  City. 

NcAVtown,  a  village  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  in  Tisbury 
township,  on  the  island  Of  Martha's  Vineyard,  11  miles  S. 
of  Wood's  Holl.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  2  grist- 
mills, and  a  woollen-mill. 

NeAVtOAVn,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  43  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  15  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Milan. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill, 
several  stores,  and  manufactures  of  hay-rakes,  Ao.  Pop. 
in  1890,  303. 

NewtOAVn,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden 
&  Amboy  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown. 

NeAVtown,  a  post-township  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  on  the  W,  by 
the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  East  River 
It  contains  villages  named  Corona,  Maspeth,  Columbus- 
ville,  Glendale,  Melvina,  Newtown,  and  Ravenswood.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Long  Island  and  Flushing  &  North 
Side  Railroads,     Pop.  in  1880,  9804;  in  1890.  17,549. 

NeAVtown,  or  NewtOAVnviJIe,  a  post-village  in  New- 
town township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing  &  North 
Side  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Hunter's  Point,  and  about  7 
miles  E.  of  Now  York  City.  It  has  a  bank,  and  severa. 
churches  and  fine  residences. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  An^ 
derson  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  th» 
Cincinnati  &  Eastern  and  Little  Miami  Railroads,  10  miles 
E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churched.     Pop.  in  1890,  552, 

Newtown,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0,     See  Peoli. 

NeAVtOAVn, a  post-borough  in  Newtown  township,  Bucka 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown 
&  New  York  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  5  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  public  library, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements, 
2  nurseries,  a  coach-factory,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1213;  of  the  township,  additional,  1001. 

NeAVtOAVn,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  748. 

NeAVtOAVn  (Kirby  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Greene  co., 
Pa.,  in  Whitley  township,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg, 
It  has  a  church. 

NewtOAVn,  a  village  in  Portsmouth  township,  Newport 
CO.,  R.I.,  3  miles  from  Bristol  Ferry  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  250. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va,, 
about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  It  has  2  churches,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  sumach-mill. 

Newtown,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  is  a  suburb  of  Portsmouth, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  two  bridges.  It  is  adjacent 
to  the  United  States  navy -yard  and  contiguous  to  Gosport. 
It  has  3  churches. 

NeAVtOAVn,  Virginia.    See  Newtown  Stephensburg. 

NeAV'tOAVn,  a  southern  suburb  of  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales. 

NeAV'tOAvn,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  20  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

NeAVtown  Acad'emy,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co., 
Ala.,  about  50  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Selma, 

NeAvUoAVnards',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Lough  Strangford,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  regularly  and  well  built,  and 
has  a  very  ancient  church,  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle  and 
of  various  monastic  buildings,  a  large  endowed  school,  a 
spacious  town  hall,  and  infantry  barracks.  The  weaving 
and  embroidery  of  damask  muslins  are  carried  on.    P.  9562. 

New'tOAVn-Bar'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford, 
about  14  miles  N.  of  Enniseorthy.     Pop.  1014. 


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NewtoAvn  Creek,  of  Long  Island,  flows  into  the  East 
River  o])po8ite  New  York,  between  Brooklyn  and  Long 
Island  City. 

NewtOAVn-Crom'molin,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Antrim,  with  a  village  3  miles  N.E.  of  Clogh.  Pop.  of 
the  village,  132. 

New'town-Ham'ilton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Armagh.     Pop.  1027. 

Newtown  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  where  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  &  New 
York  Railroad  joins  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles 
from  West  Philadelphia  Station. 

Newtown  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  25  miles  below  Vioks- 
burg.     It  has  a  steam  cotton-gin  and  a  store.     Pop.  200. 

New'town-Lim^avad'dy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo. 
and  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Londonderry,  on  the  Roe,  here 
crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.  Pop.  2762.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  a  sessions-house,  bridewell,  workhouse,  distilleries, 
and  a  market-house,  with  a  trade  in  wheat  and  flax. 

Newtown  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  on 
Tionesta  Creek,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Titusville. 

Newtown  Mount  Ken'nedy,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wicklow. 

Newtown  Square,  a  post-village  in  Newtown  town- 
ship, Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.  of  Media,  and  about  13 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Newtown  Stephensburg,  ste'v^nz-burg,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Winchester  with  Staunton,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  wagons.     P.  625. 

NewtOAvn-Stew'art,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Londonderry,  on  the  Mourne.  Near  it 
are  remains  of  a  castle,  and  various  other  antiquities. 

Newtownville,  New  York.    See  Newtown. 

New  Tren'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  White- 
water Valley  Railroad,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church. 

New  Trenton,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

New  Trier,  trl'^r,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  Lake 
Michigan.    Pop.  1105.    It  contains  Wilmette  and  Winnetka. 

New  Trier,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Hampton  township,  about  28  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
a  church,  the  Sisters'  College  School,  2  hotels,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  131. 

New  Trip'oli,  a  post-village  in  Lynn  township,  Le- 
high CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  at  Tripoli 
Station,  31  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

NcAV  Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Suwanee  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  22 
miles  S.  of  Live  Oak.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Weesaw  township,  Ber- 
rien CO.,  Mich.,  on  Qalien  River,  2i  miles  from  Troy  Sta- 
tion, and  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Niles.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  furniture-factory.    Pop.  392. 

New  Tus'ket,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Tusket  River,  and  on  the  Annapolis  4  Yarmouth 
Railway,  9  miles  from  Weymouth.  It  contains  2  churches, 
2  stores,  and  a  large  number  of  saw-mills.  There  are  some 
fine  lakes  in  the  vicinity,  abounding  with  trout. 

NeAV'tyle,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Dundee,  with  which,  and  with  Forfar  and  Perth,  it 
is  connected  by  railway.     Pop.  about  750. 

New  Ulm,  a  post- borough,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the 
Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter,  and 
34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  foundry,  2  newspaper  ofiBces,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  sash,  and  doors.     P.  1890, 3741. 

New  Ulm,  a  small  post- village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex., 
about  65  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Ulster,  island.     See  New  Zealand. 

New  U'trecht,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Kings 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  about  7  miles  S. 
of  New  York  city.  The  township  is  separated  from  Staten 
Island  by  the  Narrows,  and  intersected  by  several  railroads. 
It  contains  Fort  Hamilton,  Bay  Ridge,  and  Bath.     P.  4742. 

New  Ver'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Passaic  township,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  basket-factory. 

New  Vernon,  a  hamlet  in  Mount  Hope  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Howell's  Depot.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  distillery. 

New  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  New  Vernon  township, 


Mercer  oo..  Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Oil  City.     It  hM  2 
steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

New  Vienna,  ve-en'na,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  oo., 
Iowa,  in  New  Wine  township,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Duouqae. 
It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

New  Vienna,  a  post-village  in  Oreen  township,  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad,  57  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  41  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  I» 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  and  2  newspaper 
oflBces.     Pop.  in  1890,  871. 

New  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  eo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  Canal,  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.,  and  2 
miles  from  Stewartsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  obnrch. 

New  Village,  a  hamlet  of  SuflFolk  co.,  N.Y.,  2  milM 
N.E.  of  Lake  Ronkonkoma.     It  has  a  church. 

New'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  30  mile! 
W.S.W.  of  Tehama  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Newville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ind.,  in  New- 
ville  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  about  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  842. 

Newville,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ey.,  4  miles  fron 
Riley's  Railroad  Station. 

Newville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Danube  township,  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  U  has  a 
church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  112. 

Newville,  a  post-village  in  Worthington  township, 
Richland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River, 
about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  wool- 
len-factory, and  4  stores. 

Newville,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Car 
lisle,  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Shippensburg.  It  is  in  the  fer- 
tile limestone  valley  which  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Kittatinny  Mountain.  It  contains  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  banks,  and  2  tanneries.     Pop.  in  1890,  1562. 

Newville,  a  village  in  West  Donegal  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  1  mile 
from  Elizabethtown.  It  has  a  cigar-factory  and  a  brush- 
factory.     Pop.  133. 

NeAWille,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

NeAVville,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

New  Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Vine- 
3'ard  township,  Franklin  co..  Me.,  10  miles  N.  of  Farming- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory 
of  spools.     Pop.  of  the  township,  755. 

New  Virgin'ia,  a  post-village  in  Virginia  township, 
Warren  co.,  Iowa,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  2  churches. 

New  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  in  Washington 
township,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W,  of  Madi- 
son.    It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Washington,  a  post-village  in  Cranberry  town- 
ship, Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  ±  Lake 
Michigan  Railroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mansfield,  and  20 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  3  churches. 

New  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and  about  50 
dwellings.     Pop.  211. 

New  Wat'erford,  a  post-village  in  Unity  township, 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  ohurohM, 
a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Wa'verly,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township,  Casa 
CO.,  Ind.,  near  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, 3  stores,  a  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Waverly,  a  post-village  of  Avalker  oo.,  Tex.,  ou 
the  Houston  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  55  miles  N.  of 
Houston. 

New  Way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  aboat  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Wells,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo..  Mo., 
20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cape  Girardeau  City.    It  has  a  church. 

New  West'minster,  the  former  capital  of  British 
Columbia,  is  situated  on  the  Eraser  River,  10  miles  from  its 
mouth,  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Victoria.  Lat.  49°  12'  47"  N.j 
Ion.  122°  63'  W.  It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  distillery,  a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  public  hos- 
pital, a  mint  and  assay  office,  court-house,  jail,  penitentiary, 
legislative  building,  government  house,  savings-bank,  a 
number  of  stores,  Ac.  Its  principal  industry  is  salmon- 
fishing;  but  other  kinds  of  fish  are  caught  in  great  abon- 
dance.  Steamers  ply  between  New  Westminster  and  pointf 
on  the  Fraser  River.     Pop.  in  1881,  1500;  in  1891,  6641. 


NEW 


1986 


NEW 


New  What'com,  a  city  of  the  state  of  Washington, 
and  the  capital  of  Whatcom  co.,  is  situated  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  Bellingham  Bay,  100  miles  direct  or  125  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  13  churches,  a  stone  court-house, 
a  public  library,  a  city  hall,  ample  banking  facilities,  an 
excellent  public  school  system  with  commodious  buildings, 
a  museum  of  natural  history,  electric-lights  and  street-cars. 
Its  industries  embrace  the  manufacture  of  lumber  (for 
which  there  are  more  than  20  saw-  and  shingle-mills), 
bricks,  ice,  and  supplies  for  the  several  railroads  that  cen- 
tre here.    Pop.  about  10,000. 

New  Wil'mington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington 
township,  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  9  miles  N.  of  New  Castle. 
It  contains  5  churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  Westminster  Col- 
lege (United  Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in  1852 
and  has  about  250  students  of  both  sexes.     Pop.  about  800. 

New  Win'chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co., 
Ind.,  4  miles  from  Reno  Station,  and  27  miles  W.  of  In- 
dianapolis.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

New  Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Whetstone  town- 
ship, Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  AVhetstone  River,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bucyrus.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  post-village  in  Rivoli  town- 
Bhip,  Mercer  co.,  111.,  on  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  Branch 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  at  Windsor 
Station,  21  miles  W.  of  Galva,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Qalcs- 
burg.  It  baa  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  6 
churches.    Pop.  575. 

New  Windsor,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Balti- 
more, and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Westminster.  It  contains  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  and  the  New  Windsor  College, 
and  has  manufactures  of  furniture,  agricultural  machinery, 
and  bone  phosphate.     Pop.  in  1890,  414. 

New  Windsor,  a  village  in  New  Windsor  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Newburg 
&  New  York  Railroad,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  haa 
2  churches,  6  steam  brick-yards,  2  paper-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  fine  park.  The  township  contains  also  Vail's 
Gate,  and  Moodna.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2461. 

New  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Oazenovia  town 
ship,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Webster  Station  of 
the  Syracuse  &  Chenango  Railroad,  and  about  24  miles  S.E. 
of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  car- 
riage-shops, Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Year's  Island,  two  small  islands  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  39°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  49'  E. 

New  Year's  Island,  North  Australia,  is  off  the  coast 
of  Arnhem's  Land,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Essington.  Lat. 
10°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  133°  3'  E. 

New  Year's  Islands,  South  Atlantic,  are  in  lat.  54° 
41'  S.,  Ion.  64°  28'  W.,  and  were  so  named  by  Cook. 

New  Year's  Range,  Central  Australia,  is  a  mountain- 
tract.     Lat.  30°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  33i'  E. 

New  York,  one  of  the  Middle  States  (so  called)  of  the 
American  Union,  bordering  upon  the  Atlantic,  and  bounded 
N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  Canada ; 
E.  by  Vermont  (from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  Lake 
Champlain),  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  the  Atlantic; 
S.  by  the  Atlantic,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania;  W.  by 
Pennsylvania,  Lake  Erie,  and  the  river  Niagara.  The 
state  limits  include  Long  and  Staten  Islands,  and  the  juris- 
diction of  the  state  covers  Long  Island  Sound  and  the 
lower  waters  of  the  Hudson  to  low-water-mark  on  the  New 
Jersey  side.     Area,  49,170  square  miles. 

Islands. — Besides  Long  and  Staten  Islands,  may  be 
enumerated  Manhattan,  Governor's,  Bedloe's,  Hart's,  Ran- 
dall's, Blackwell's,  Ward's,  Gardiner's,  Plum,  Shelter, 
Fisher's,  Faulkner's,  the  Thimbles,  Coney,  Barren,  Fire, 
and  other  islands  in  tidal  waters ;  Grand,  Goat,  Beaver, 
Buokhorn,  Cayuga,  Squaw,  Stanberry,  Tonawanda,  Rattle- 
snake, and  other  islands  in  the  Niagara  River ;  many  of 
the  Thousand  Islands  and  others  in  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
in  Lake  Ontario ;  and  Crab,  Schuyler,  and  Valcour  Islands 
in  Lake  Champlain. 

The /ace  of  the  country  ia  exceedingly  varied.  In  the  N. 
lies  an  extensive  wilderness,  underlaid  mainly  by  Laurentian 
rooks,  and  affording  few  valuabhe  economic  products  save 
lumber,  iron  ore,  and  some  furs.  Here  rise  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  and  this  region  abounds  in  lakes  and  streams 
and  is  a  great  summer  resort  for  the  angler  and  the  tourist. 
It  is  nearly  belted  by  a  very  fertile  tract,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  rich  Mohawk  Valley.  The  Kittatinny  and 
Blue  Mountains  of  Pennsylvania  are  called  Shawangunk 
Mountains  in  this  state,  while  the  Alleghanies  proper  pass 
into  the  Catskill  and  Helderberg  ranges.  The  Taconic  (or 
T&ghkanio)  Hills  of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  pass 


through  this  state  into  New  Jersey,  and  are  locally  knowu 
as  the  Skunemunk  Mountains.  The  Highlands  are  a  region 
of  broken  Laurentian  hills,  continuous  (geographically,  if 
not  geologically)  with  the  Green  Mountains  on  the  one 
hand  and  the  Blue  Ridge  on  the  other.  The  head-streams 
of  the  Delaware  flow  through  a  region  of  steep  forest-dad 
hills,  to  the  westward  of  which  is  the  plateau  of  Central 
and  Western  New  York.  That  part  of  this  plateau  whose 
waters  flow  into  the  great  lakes  is  a  very  oeautiful  and 
fertile  region,  characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  remark- 
able series  of  long,  deep,  and  narrow  lakes,  but  southward 
of  the  watershed  the  plateau  haa  been  cut  by  denudation 
into  an  irregular  succession  of  ridges  and  valleys. 

Geology. — The  prominent  geological  features  of  New  York 
may  be  simply  stated  as  follows :  (1.)  The  azoic  and  mainly 
Laurentian  regions,  which  are  (o)  the  Great  Northern  Wil- 
derness, and  (6)  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson :  Manhattan 
Island,  and  the  northern  portion  of  Staten  Island,  are  also 
composed  of  azoic  gneissoid  strata.  The  Adirondacks  and 
Highlands  both  afford  mucli  magnetic  and  specular  iron  ore 
of  excellent  quality  ;  and  the  Adirondack  country,  besides 
granitoid  rocks  and  hypersthene,  contains  much  limestone 
and  serpentine.  (2.)  The  Silurian  formation,  which  nearly 
encircles  the  Adirondack  and  wilderness  country,  covers  the 
Mohawk  Valley,  and  also  the  valley  of  the  Hudson  from 
Sandy  Hill  down  to  Newburg,  and  occupies  the  Shawan- 
gunk Mountain  country  and  the  Wallkill  Valley,  while  from 
the  Mohawk  Valley  westward  it  sends  a  wide  strip,  which 
borders  and  indeed  surrounds  Lak9  Ontario,  and  through 
it  the  river  Niagara  makes  its  way.  To  the  Silurian  age 
belong  the  Potsdam  and  calciferous  sandstones ;  the  Chazy, 
Bird's-eye,  Black  River,  and  Trenton  limestones ;  the  Utica 
slate  ;  the  Hudson  River  slate ;  the  Oneida  conglomerates 
and  Shawangunk  grit,  yielding  lead  and  copper ;  the  Oswego 
and  Medina  sandstones ;  the  iron-bearing  Clinton  shales ; 
the  Niagara  limestone,  through  which  the  great  cataract  id 
cutting  its  way,  and  which  forms  a  great  terrace,  traversing 
this  state  and  Canada ;  the  Salina  group,  whence  are  derived 
the  salt,  gypsum,  and  cement  so  abundantly  produced  in  this 
state ;  and  the  Lower  Helderberg  limestone,  which  crowns 
the  Devonian  of  New  York.  (3.)  The  Devonian  strata, 
which,  first  appearing  in  the  Helderberg  and  Catskill 
Mountains,  cover  all  the  state  to  the  westward,  excepting 
the  parts  already  noticed;  its  members,  beginning  with 
the  lowest,  are  the  Oriskany  sandstone;  the  Cauda-galli 
and  Schoharie  grits;  the  Upper  Helderberg;  the  Marcel lus, 
Hamilton,  and  Genesee  shales  and  sandstones,  including  the 
"  bluestone"  and  other  excellent  somewhat  metamorphic 
flagstones;  the  Portage  and  Chemung  groups  of  shales, 
flags,  and  sandstones,  which  occupy  a  large  part  of  the  two 
southern  tiers  of  counties;  and  the  old  red  or  Catskill  sand- 
stone, especially  developed  in  the  Catskill  Mountains ;  this 
last  constitutes  the  uppermost  bed  of  the  Devonian.  (4.) 
The  carboniferous  formation,  represented  in  New  York  only 
by  few  and  relatively  small  detached  areas  of  a  sandstone 
which  is  among  the  lowest  members  of  the  carboniferous : 
these  are  never  coal-bearing,  and  New  York  has  no  coal  of 
any  geological  age.  (5.)  The  triassio  sandstones  of  Rock- 
land CO.,  much  broken  by  trap  dikes,  of  which  the  Pali- 
sades of  the  Hudson  are  prominent  examples.  (6.)  The 
cretaceous  of  the  northern  side  of  Long  Island.  (7.)  The 
quaternary  and  alluvial  of  Southern  Long  Island  and  the 
Champlain  Valley.  (8.)  The  drift,  which  in  many  places 
deeply  covers  the  older  formations.  A  line  run  from  Og- 
densburg,  N.Y.,  to  Blossburg,  Pa,,  crosses  in  succession  all 
the  Silurian  and  Devonian  beds  above  named. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  are  the 
Adirondack  region,  which  is  much  visited  in  summer,  Ni- 
agara, Trenton,  Catskill,  Baker's,  Cohoes,  Flora,  Genesee, 
and  Buttermilk  Falls,  and  many  other  noteworthy  cata- 
racts, the  mineral  springs  of  Ballston,  Saratoga,  New 
Lebanon,  Avon,  Richfield,  Sharon,  Massena,  &c..  Lakes 
George  and  Champlain,  and  the  numerous  other  lakes  of 
the  north,  centre,  and  west,  the  Thousand  Islands,  Watkins 
and  Havana  Glens,  the  Highlands  and  Palisades  of  the 
Hudson,  the  Catskill  Mountains,  and  the  beaches  of  Far 
Rockaway,  Canarsie,  and  Fire,  Shelter,  and  Coney  Islands. 

Mineral  Wealth. — Westchester  co.  produces  marble  ex- 
tensively, especially  in  the  vicinity  of  Sing  Sing,  and  it  is 
also  obtained  near  Glens  Falls  (black)  and  Hudson,  and 
at  many  other  points.  The  excellent  iron  ores  already 
referred  to  are  largely  mined.  Lead  has  been  obtained  at 
Ellenville,  Rossie,  and  other  places,  but  is  not  now  wrought. 
The  salt-works  of  Onondaga  co.  are  of  great  importance. 
The  blue  flagstones  of  the  Hamilton  group  are  largely  quar-  J 
ried  at  Kingston  and  in  its  vicinity.  Sandstone,  limestone,  I 
and  slate  for  builders'  use  are  obtained  at  many  points. 


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Lime,  cement,  and  gypsum  are  extensively  produced,  the 
cement  of  Akron  and  Rosendale  being  of  especial  note. 
The  gas-wells  of  Bloomfield,  Barcelona,  and  Fredonia  are 
very  interesting  and  of  much  local  importance.  Petroleum 
is  obtained  at  Cuba,  Olean,  and  elsewhere. 

Climate. — Throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  state  the 
winter's  cold  is  more  intense  and  the  snow-fall  is  greater 
than  in  most  New  England  districts  of  corresponding  lati- 
tude; but  there  are  fewer  sudden  and  extreme  changes. 
The  mean  temperature  of  the  state  is  stated  to  be  46.40°  F. 
The  only  endemic  disease  is  an  ordinarily  mild  type  of  ma- 
larial fever,  which  prevails  in  many  parts  of  the  state,  es- 
pecially in  autumn ;  and  there  are  occasional  epidemics  of 
typhoidal  and  eruptive  fevers,  diphtheria,  dysentery,  and 
the  like,  but  as  a  whole  the  state  is  a  remarkably  healthful 
one.  Catarrhal  and  pulmonary  diseases  are,  on  the  whole, 
less  prevalent  than  in  the  states  to  the  eastward.  The  rain- 
fall is  usually  ample,  and  rarely  excessive.  The  winter 
climate  of  the  Adirondacks  is  intensely  cold. 

Agriculture. — More  than  half  the  area  of  New  York  is 
improved  or  cultivated  land,  and,  excepting  the  mountain- 
ridges  and  the  Laurentian  wilderness  of  the  N.,  there  is 
but  little  unproductive  land  in  the  state.  The  productive 
soils  are  of  every  variety  of  constitution,  but  they  mostly 
contain  abundance  of  lime.  The  Mohawk  Valley  is  re- 
nowned for  its  broom-corn  and  factory-made  cheese.  Orange 
CO.  for  its  butter  (a  staple  product  of  the  whole  state). 
Orange,  Dutchess,  Putnam,  Greene,  Westchester,  and  Rock- 
land COS.  for  milk.  Long  Island  for  market-gardens  and  for 
its  eggs,  the  northern  counties  for  potatoes  and  hay,  Onon- 
daga, Chemung,  and  Steuben  for  tobacco,  Madison,  Ontario, 
Oneida,  Otsego,  and  Schoharie  for  hops.  Monroe  and  Or- 
leans cos.  raise  more  white  beans  than  any  other  counties 
in  the  United  States.  The  central  lake  valleys  are  espe- 
cially adapted  to  grape-culture  and  the  wine  business.  The 
state  ranks  first  of  all  in  its  product  of  fruit.  Live-stock 
and  wool  are  raised  in  immense  quantities.  The  grain 
aggregate  is  a  large  one ;  and  though  the  state  formerly 
exported  millions  of  bushels  of  wheat,  and  now  does  not 
raise  a  third  of  the  grain  she  consumes,  this  is  plainly  due 
to  the  fact  that  her  farmers  find  more  profit  in  other  prod- 
ucts,— a  profit  shown  in  the  fine  residences,  capacious  barns, 
and  comfortable  manner  of  living  observable  in  the  rural 
districts.  In  none  of  the  older  states  does  the  working 
farmer  occupy  a  more  honorable  social  position  than  here; 
and  many  of  the  most  cultivated  and  influential  literary 
and  professional  men  and  women  of  the  country  have 
sprung  from  the  farming  class  of  New  York. 

Manufactures. — New  York  in  1880  ranked  first  of  the 
states  in  the  value  of  her  manufactures.  Among  the  most 
important  of  these  are  agricultural  implements,  bagging, 
beer,  boots  and  shoes,  boxes,  bread,  bricks,  brooms,  brushes, 
carpets,  cars,  carriages,  cement,  clothing,  cigars,  cooperage, 
cotton  goods,  chandlery,  chemicals,  felt  goods,  fertilizers, 
flour,  furniture,  furs,  gloves,  mittens,  hardware,  hair  goods, 
harnesses,  hats,  hosiery,  india-rubber  goods,  instruments 
(musical,  professional,  etc.),  iron,  jewelry,  leather,  leather 
goods,  liquors,  linens,  lime,  lumber,  machinery,  malt,  me- 
tallic wares,  nails,  oil  (linseed,  fish,  essential,  &o.),  paper, 
pottery,  salt,  soap,  starch,  tobacco,  tiles,  upholstery,  wooden- 
ware,  woollen  goods,  Ac,  these  being  staple  productions; 
besides  which  there  are  small  wares  manufactured  in  infi- 
nite variety.  The  manufacturing  industries  are  well  dis- 
tributed over  the  state,  and  have  brought  a  ready  market 
to  the  farmer's  door  in  almost  every  section ;  while  the 
fruitfulness  of  the  soil  and  the  abundance  of  water-power 
have  made  the  state  an  eligible  one  for  the  operative  as  well 
as  for  the  capitalist. 

Hydrography. — The  upper  and  lower  New  York  bays  to- 
gether constitute  one  of  the  most  capacious  harbors  in  the 
United  States,  their  capacity  being  largely  augmented  by 
the  deep  and  admirable  harbor  facilities  afibrded  by  the 
East  and  North  (or  Hudson)  Rivers.  Upon  the  noble 
inner  harbor  of  New  York  are  situated  the  cities  of  New 
York,  Brooklyn,  and  Long  Island  City,  in  New  York,  and 
Jersey  City  and  Hoboken,  in  New  Jersey.  Sag  Harbor, 
Oreenport,  Port  Jefferson,  and  the  Hudson  River  cities  are 
the  principal  ports  on  tidal  waters.  Dunkirk  and  Buff'alo 
on  Lake  Erie,  Lewiston  and  Tonawanda  on  the  Lower 
Niagara,  Charlotte,  Sodus,  Fairhaven,  Oswego,  and  Sack- 
ett's  Harbor  on  Lake  Ontario,  Cape  Vincent  and  Ogdens- 
burg  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  Rouse's  Point,  Plattsburg,  Port 
Henry,  and  Whitehall,  on  Lake  Champlain,  are  important 
ports.  The  ports  of  entry  are  Bu8"alo,  Plattsburg,  Cape 
Vincent,  Dunkirk,  Rochester  (whose  port  is  at  Charlotte), 
New  York,  Sag  Harbor,  Suspension  Bridge,  Ogdensburg, 
and   Oswego.     Port  Jefferson   and   the  principal  Hudson 


River  towns  are  ports  of  delivery.  The  principal  riven 
are  the  Hudson  and  St.  Lawrence,  both  important  com- 
mercial channels;  the  Mohawk,  an  affluent  of  the  Hud- 
son, affording  extensive  water-power  at  Cohoes  and  Little 
Falls;  the  Oswego,  which  discharges  the  waters  of  the 
navigable  lakes  Canandaigua,  Eeuka,  Seneca,  Cayuga, 
Owasco,  Skaneateles,  Cross,  Onondaga,  Otisco,  Cazenovia, 
and  Oneida;  the  Genesee,  Alleghany,  and  Susquehanna 
with  its  main  tributaries  the  Charlotte,  Chemung,  Che- 
nango, and  Unadilla;  the  Delaware  and  its  branches; 
the  Black,  Oswegatohie,  Grass,  Racket,  Chazy,  Saranac, 
and  Au  Sable,  which  are  important  streams  of  the  N.  and 
N.E.  Besides  the  lakes  already  mentioned,  there  are 
innumerable  other  lakes,  large  and  small,  scattered  over 
every  part  of  the  state.  Of  these  we  may  name  as  eepe- 
oially  noteworthy  Lakes  Chautauqua,  Cattaraugus,  Hem- 
lock, Honeoye,  the  Green  Lakes,  Lakes  Otsego,  Schuyler, 
Schroon,  George,  Placid,  Pleasant,  Piseco,  Ac,  many  of 
them  favorite  resorts  for  the  angler  and  the  summer  tourist. 
The  rivers  and  creeks  of  the  state  furnish  much  and  un- 
usually constant  water-power. 

CanaU. — This  state  owns  and  has  in  operation  canals 
and  navigable  feeders  with  an  aggregate  length  of  857 
miles,  extended,  by  means  of  natural  water  artificially  ren- 
dered navigable,  to  907  miles.  The  canals  are  under  a 
canal  board,  to  which  belong  several  of  the  principal  execu- 
tive officers  of  the  state,  together  with  the  state  engineer 
and  the  canal  commissioners.  Of  these  canals  the  Erie, 
from  Buffalo  to  Albany,  and  the  Champlain,  from  West 
Troy  to  Whitehall,  are  by  far  the  most  important.  These 
canals  have  long  been  extremely  serviceable  in  moving 
grain,  coal,  lumber,  and  other  heavy  and  bulky  freight, 
except  in  winter ;  but  the  necessary  repairs  and  the  com- 
petition of  railroads  have  made  them  at  times  in  recent 
years  a  source  of  expense.  The  repairs  and  ordinary  ex- 
penses of  the  canals  in  1890  amounted  to  $826,934.84.  The 
canals  are  opened  in  the  latter  part  of  April  and  closed 
December  1.  The  total  tonnage  for  the  season  of  1890  was 
5,246,162  tons.  Nearly  forty  per  cent,  of  all  the  grain  de- 
livered in  New  York  City  reaches  it  by  way  of  the  canals. 
The  locks  are  being  enlarged  to  allow  locking  two  boats  at 
a  time,  as  by  this  means  from  two  to  three  days  are  saved 
in  a  round  trip.  The  majority  of  the  locks  between  Buffalo 
and  Albany  have  already  been  doubled  in  capacity.  Besides 
the  above,  there  are  private  canals,  aggregating  101  miles, 
of  which  the  Delaware  &  Hudson,  from  Honesdale,  Pa.,  to 
Eddyville,  N.Y.,  is  the  most  important.  This  canal  does  a 
heavy  business  mainly  in  shipping  coal.  The  cost  of  all 
the  canals  to  the  state  is  placed  at  $61,890,206. 

Commerce. — The  ports  of  this  state  enumerated  above, 
taken  in  the  aggregate,  together  with  the  railroads  which 
cross  the  state  lines  into  Canada,  do  a  very  large  share  of 
the  import  and  export  trade  of  the  United  States,  the  port 
of  New  York  being  by  far  the  most  important  seat  of  com- 
merce in  this  country,  or,  indeed,  within  the  western  hem- 
isphere. A  very  large  share  of  all  goods  exported  from  the 
country  are  shipped  from,  and  by  far  the  larger  part  of 
the  foreign  imports  enter,  this  port;  while  its  coasting  trade 
is  proportionally  prominent.  The  state  also  does  a  large 
part  of  the  lake-trade  with  the  West  and  Northwest. 

Fiaherieg. — Besides  the  whitefish-,  shad-,  and  other  lake 
and  river  fisheries,  which  are  very  important  and  are  lib- 
erally fostered  by  the  state,  the  sea-flsheriea  are  quite  ex- 
tensive. Sag  Harbor  district  employs  numerous  vessels  in 
the  cod-  and  mackerel-fisheries,  and  Buffalo  handles  lake 
fish  to  the  value  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars.  StiU 
more  extensive  is  the  business  of  taking  and  rendering 
fish  for  oil  and  fish  guano.  Of  this  industry  Long  Island 
is  a  notable  seat.  Many  of  the  fishing-vessels  of  New 
England  are  occupied  also  solely  in  the  New  York  trade. 
Oyster-planting  is  an  important  occupation  in  the  waters 
near  New  York. 

Railroads. — The  first  railroad  was  opened  in  1831,  and 
extended  from  Albany  to  Schenectady,  17  miles.  In  1846 
the  state  had  727  miles  of  railway;  in  1850, 1361  miles;  in 
1855,  2583  miles ;  in  1860, 2682  miles ;  in  1866, 3002  miles ; 
m  1870,  3928  miles;  in  1880,  6019  miles;  in  1880,  7746 
miles,  built  at  an  average  cost  per  road-mile,  for  works,  of 
(approximately)  $75,997.  The  principal  railroad  corpora- 
tions are  the  great  combination  which  controls  the  Hudson 
River,  the  New  York  Central,  the  West  Shore,  the  Harlem, 
and  many  minor  lines  and  branches ;  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  Western  Company  ;  and  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie 
and  Western,  from  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  to  Dunkirk,  N.Y. 

The  Counties  are  60  in  number,  viz.,  Albany,  Alleghany, 
Broome,  Cattaraugus,  Cayuga,  Chautauqua,  Chemung,  Che- 
nango, Clinton,  Columbia,  Cortland,  Delaware,  Dutchess, 


NEW 


1988 


NEW 


Erie,  Essex,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Genesee,  Greene,  Hamilton, 
Herkimer,  Jefferson,  Kings,  Lewis,  Livingston,  Madison, 
Monroe,  Montgomery,  New  York,  Niagara,  Oneida,  Onon- 
daga, Ontario,  Orange,  Orleans,  Oswego,  Otsego,  Putnam, 
Queens,  Rensselaer,  Kichmond,  Rockland,  St.  Lawrence, 
Saratoga,  Schenectady,  Schoharie,  Schuyler,  Seneca,  Steu- 
ben, Suffolk,  Sullivan,  Tioga,  Tompkins,  Ulster,  Warren, 
Washington,  Wayne,  Westchester,  Wyoming,  and  Yates. 

The  principal  cities  and  towns,  according  to  the  latest 
census  returns,  are  as  follows:  New  York,  principally  situ- 
ated upon  Manhattan  Lsland,  the  largest  city  of  the  New 
World  (pop.  in  1880,  1,206,299  ;  in  1890,  1,515,301) ;  Brook- 
lyn,  properly  a  suburb  of  New  York  (pop.  in  1880,  666,fi63 ; 
in  1890,  806,343);  Long  Island  City,  another  suburb,  ad- 
joining Brooklyn  on  the  N.  (pop.  30,506) ;  Yonkers  (pop. 
32,033) ;  Albany,  the  capital  (pop.  in  1880,  90,758 ;  in  1890, 
94,923) ;  Buffalo,  the  third  city  in  population  and  impor- 
tance in  the  state  (255,66-t);  Rochester  (133,896),  Syracuse 
(88,143),  Troy  (60,956),  Utica  (44,007),  Binghamton 
(35,005),  Elmira  (30,893),  Auburn  (25,858),  Newburg 
(23,087),  Cohoes  (22,509),  Poughkeepsie  (22,206),  Oswego 
(21,842),  Kingston  (21,261),  Schenectady  (19,902),  Am- 
sterdam (17,336),  New  Brighton  (16,423),  Jamestown 
(16,038),  Lockport  (16,038),  Rome  (14,991),  Watertown 
(14,725),  Edgewater  (14,625),  Gloversville  (13,864),  West 
Troy  (12,967),  Middletown  (11,977),  Saratoga  Springs 
(11,976),  Ogdensburg  (11,662),  Ithaca  (11,079),  Hornells- 
ville  (10,996),  Mount  Vernon  (10,830),  Lansingburg 
(10,550),  Hudson  (9970),  Peekskill  (9676),  Glen  Falls 
(9509),  Dunkirk  (9416),  Sing  Sing  (9352),  Port  Jervis 
(9327),  Little  Falls  (8783),  Cortland  (8590),  Corning 
(8560),  Flushing  (8436),  New  Rochelle  (8217),  Johns- 
town (7768),  Geneva  (7657),  Clean  (7358),  Greenbush 
(7301),  Batovia  (7221),  Tonawanda  (7145),  Hoosick  Falls 
(7014),  Plattsburg  (7010),  Port  Richmond  (6290),  Oneonta 
(6272),  Oneida  (6272),  College  Point  (6127),  Seneca  Falls 
(6116),  Canandaigua  (5868),  Haverstraw  (5710),  Niagara 
Falls  (6602),  Jamaica  (5361),  Port  Chester  (5274),  Norwich 
(6212),  Malone  (4968),  Catskill  (4920),  Hempstead  (4831), 
besides  a  number  of  towns  and  villages  having  more  than 
4000  inhabitants,  and  many  populous  townships. 

Oovernment. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  three 
years,  and  has  an  annual  salary  of  $10,000,  with  the  free 
use  of  a  residence.  The  legislature  consists  of  a  senate  and 
an  assembly,  whose  members  are  respectively  chosen  for 
two  years  and  one  year.  Judicial  oflScers  are  chosen  by  the 
people,  and  have  limited  terms  of  service.  The  state  sends 
34  representatives  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and  has 
36  electoral  votes. 

Finances. — In  1875  the  state  owed  a  sum  total  of 
$28,328,686.40,  so  far  covered  by  sinking  funds  as  to  leave 
a  net  debt  of  $14,747,304.26.  The  debt  was  mainly  con- 
tracted in  the  construction  and  extension  of  the  state  canals, 
and  in  providing  bounties  during  the  war  of  1861-65.  In 
1890  the  gross  state  indebtedness  had  been  reduced  to 
$4,964,304.87,  the  sinking  fund  at  that  time  amounting  to 
$3,163,722.49,  leaving  a  net  debt  of  $1,800,581.38,  Value 
of  taxable  property,  $3,683,653,062. 

Public  Institutions, — Among  these  are  the  penitentiaries 
at  Albany,  Buffalo,  Syracuse,  Brooklyn,  Rochester,  and 
Blackwell's  Island,  the  state  prisons  at  Auburn,  Danne- 
mora,  and  Sing  Sing,  numbers  of  city  and  county  prisons 
and  jails,  state  insane  asylums  at  Auburn,  Willard,  Ovid, 
Poughkeepsie,  Buffalo,  Ward's  Island,  and  Middletown,  be- 
sides private,  licensed,  and  incorporated  insane  retreats  at 
Bloomingdale,  Troy,  Canandaigua,  Pleasantville,  Flushing, 
Fishkill,  Buffalo,  <fco.,  a  state  asylum  for  the  blind  at  Batavia, 
another  at  New  York  City  one  for  idiots  at  Syracuse,  seven 
institutions  for  deaf-mutes,  besides  some  private  schools  of 
the  same  class,  a  state  asylum  for  inebriates  (Binghamton), 
state  reformatories  for  youth  at  Rochester,  Elmira,  and 
Randall's  Island,  besides  11  municipal  and  other  reform- 
atories, state  almshouses  at  Albany,  Buffalo,  Canton,  Delhi, 
and  Yaphank,  besides  county  and  local  almshouses.  There 
are  about  50  hospitals  (mostly  incorporated),  130  orphan- 
ages, (fee,  and  more  than  50  dispensaries. 

Public  Education  was  first  in  some  measure  provided  for 
in  1795,  but  for  many  years  the  free-school  system  was 
very  defective,  and  its  full  development  is  but  recent. 
There  are  state  and  city  superintendents  of  schools,  besides 
county  school  commissioners,  and  the  higher  education  of 
the  state  is  supervised  by  the  regents  of  the  "  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York,"  a  corporation  which  does  not 
bestow  instruction,  but  creates,  supervises,  and  visits  col- 
leges, academies,  and  academical  union  schools,  and  has 
power  to  confer  the  higher  degrees,  as  well  as  to  conduct 
written  examinations,  and  to  assemble  the  university  con- 


vocation, which  embraces  the  oflScers  of  academies  and  col- 
leges. There  are  state  normal  schools  at  Albany,  Brock- 
port,  Buffalo,  Cortland,  Fredonia,  Geneseo,  Oswego,  Pots- 
dam, New  Paltz,  Oneonta,  and  Plattsburg ;  a  female  normal 
college  and  a  colored  normal  college.  New  York  City ;  col- 
leges and  universities  at  Albany  and  Schenectady,  Annan- 
dale,  Alfred,  Alleghany,  Aurora,  Brooklyn  (2),  Buffalo  (2), 
Canton,  Clinton,  Elmira,  Geneva,  Hamilton,  Ithaca,  Le  Roy, 
New  York  (7),  Palmyra,  Poughkeepsie,  Rochester,  and 
Syracuse,  including  6  ladies'  colleges  and  universities,  and 
at  least  2  institutions  where  youth  of  both  sexes  are  in- 
structed. The  colleges  and  universities  and  other  schools 
of  New  York  City  are  noticed  under  that  head.  Among 
the  best-endowed  institutions  of  the  state  are  Union  Uni- 
versity, Albany  and  Schenectady,  and  Cornell  University, 
at  Ithaca,  to  which  the  state  agricultural  college  and  Sage 
College  for  ladies  are  aflS Hated.  Every  large  town  and  vil- 
lage has  graded  schools,  in  many  cases  including  a  high 
school  or  a  free  academy.  There  are  also  a  large  number 
of  Roman  Catholic  parochial  and  conventual  schools,  besides 
other  private  institutions,  some  of  which  are  of  wide  repu- 
tation. The  public  school  system  is  in  part  sustained  by 
the  proceeds  of  a  school  fund,  distinct  from  which  is  the 
literature  fund,  the  income  of  which  is  divided  among  the 
teachers  of  academies  and  union  schools.  Education  is  by 
statute  made  compulsory.  Among  the  professional  schools 
(some  of  them  affiliated  to  universities)  are  6  schools  of 
science  and  polytechnics,  4  of  law,  13  of  medicine  and  the 
kindred  professions,  and  12  or  more  of  theology. 

History. — This  region  was  once  divided  between  Indian 
tribes  of  the  Iroquois  and  Algonquin  stocks,  the  Five  (or 
Six)  Nations  (Iroquois)  being  the  most  powerful  tribes.  In 
1609,  Henry  Hudson,  the  English  commander  of  a  Dutch 
vessel,  discovered  and  explored  New  York  Bay  and  the  Hud- 
son River,  and  named  the  country  New  Netherlands ;  and 
in  the  same  year  Lake  Champlain  was  discovered  by  the 
French  explorer  whose  name  it  bears,  Manhattan  Island  waa 
settled  by  the  Dutch  in  1614,  and  the  town  of  New  Amster- 
dam (New  York)  was  then  founded.  In  1664  the  English, 
during  a  time  of  peace,  took  forcible  possession  of  the  then 
flourishing  colony,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  New  York,  in 
honor  of  the  Duke  of  York,  who  had  received  a  patent  for 
the  country  from  Charles  II. ;  but  the  Dutch  authority  wa« 
afterwards  for  a  short  time  restored.  In  1689-91  one  Leisler 
usurped  and  exercised  the  governorship,  the  people  having 
revolted  against  the  tyranny  of  the  lawful  authorities  ;  but 
Leisler  was  hanged  in  1691.  The  northern  colonists  suf- 
fered much  during  the  French  and  Indian  wars  of  the  co- 
lonial period,  but  were  powerfully  defended  by  the  Iroquois. 
During  the  Revolution,  however,  the  Six  Nations  assisted 
the  British  forces.  Important  actions  took  place  during 
that  struggle  at  Ticonderoga,  Flatbush,  White  Plains,  Stony 
Point,  Stillwater,  and  other  places.  The  national  inde- 
pendence and  the  return  of  peace  were  followed  by  vexa- 
tious questions  of  jurisdiction  between  this  state,  New 
Hampshire,  and  Massachusetts;  but  the  erection  of  the 
Green  Mountain  region  into  a  new  state  (Vermont),  and 
the  relinquishment  by  Massachusetts  of  all  claims  in  West- 
ern New  York  except  the  right  of  soil,  put  an  amicable 
end  to  both  difficulties.  The  battle  of  Plattsburg  was  the 
most  important  action  fought  in  this  state  during  the  war 
of  1812-15.  Slavery  was  abolished  in  1817.  In  1825  the 
Erie  Canal  was  opened.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  the 
troops  of  New  York  state  bore  a  distinguished  part,  the 
state  paying  $40,000,000  in  bounties  to  her  volunteers.  The 
first  state  constitution,  adopted  in  1777,  was  superseded  in 
1822.     The  present  constitution  was  adopted  in  1846, 

The  Population  in  1698  was  18,067 ;  in  1703,  20,665 ;  in 
1723,  40,564;  in  1731,  50,824;  in  1737,  60,437;  in  1749, 
73,348;  in  1756,  96,790;  in  1771,  163,337;  in  1790, 
340,120;  in  1800,  589,061;  in  1810,  959,049;  in  1820, 
1,372,111;  in  1830,1,918,608;  in  1840,  2,428,921;  in  1850, 
3,097,394;  in  I860,  3,880,735;  in  1870,  4,382,759,  not  in- 
cluding the  6140  tribal  Onondaga,  Seneca,  Cayuga,  Oneida, 
Tuscarora,  and  St,  Regis  Indians,  but  including  the  In- 
dians of  Long  Island.  Pop.  in  1880,  5,082,871 ;  in  1890, 
5,997,853.  This  population  exceeded  that  of  any  other 
state.  Besides  the  original  Dutch,  Walloon,  and  English 
settlers,  many  Germans  of  the  Palatinate  early  entered  the 
province,  very  largely  colonizing  the  Mohawk  Valley ;  and 
after  the  termination  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and 
the  cession  of  the  Indian  lands,  many  thousands  of  farmers 
from  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  and  Pennsyl- 
vania came  and  occupied  the  fertile  lands  of  Central  and 
Western  New  York.  Latterly  there  have  been  large  acces- 
sions of  immigrants  from  Ireland,  Germany,  and  Canada, 
especially  in  the  larger  towns. 


NEW 


1989 


NEW 


New  York,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  E.  by 
Harlem  and  East  Rivers.  It  comprises  Manhattan  Island, 
which  is  about  14  miles  long,  several  lesser  islands,  namely, 
Blackwell's,  Governor's,  Ward's,  Randall's,  Bedloe's,  and 
Ellis,  and  a  portion  of  the  mainland.  This  county  has  an 
abundance  of  granite  and  gneiss.  It  is  coextensive  with 
the  city  of  New  York.     Pop.  in  1890,  1,515,301. 

New  York  (Fr.  New-York,  nuh^-yoBk' ;  Sp.  Nueva 
York,  nwi'vi  yoRk ;  It.  Nuova  York,  noo-o'vi  yoRk ;  L. 
No'vum  Ebor'acum),  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the  state 
of  New  York  and  of  the  nation,  and  the  most  populous  and 
important  city  of  the  western  hemisphere,  is  situated  chiefly 
upon  Manhattan  Island,  which  extends  from  the  confluence 
of  the  East  River  and  the  Hudson,  up  the  latter  13^  miles 
and  the  former  about  8  miles,  being  separated  from  the 
mainland  by  Spuyten  Duy  vil  Creek  and  the  Harlem  River. 
Average  breadth.  If  miles.  The  lat.  of  the  city  hall  is 
40°  42'  43"  N.,  its  Ion.  74°  C  3"  W.,  and  it  is  about  18 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  142  miles  S.  of  Albany,  213 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  90  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

The  charter  limits  of  the  city  now  include,  besides  Man- 
hattan Island,  the  islands  in  New  York  Bay  off  the  Battery 
(Governor's,  Bedloe's,  and  Ellis),  and  in  East  River  (Black - 
well's.  Ward's,  and  Randall's],  and  a  considerable  district 
of  the  mainland,  the  total  length  from  the  Battery  on  the 
S.  to  Mount  St.  Vincent  on  the  N.  being  about  16  miles, 
the  maximum  breadth,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Bronx  W.  to 
the  Hudson,  4^  miles,  and  the  aggregate  area  not  far  from 
41i  square  miles,  or  26,560  acres,  of  which  about  14,000 
acres  are  within  Manhattan  Island  and  upwards  of  12,000 
acres  on  the  mainland.  Within  the  present  limits  of  the 
city  are  a  number  of  former  villages  and  hamlets,  the  names 
of  which  are  still  in  colloquial  use  to  designate  the  localities : 
indeed,  the  post-oflSoes  of  some  of  them  are  continued  as 
branches  of  the  main  post-oflBce  of  the  city  under  their 
former  distinctive  names.  They  are  Yorkville,  Blooming- 
dale,  Manhattan,  Harlem  (post-oflBce\  Carmansville,  Wash- 
ington Heights  (or  Fort  Washington),  Inwood,  Mott  Haven, 
Port  Morris,  Melrose,  Morrisania  (post-office).  High 
Bridge  (post-office),  Claremont,  Tremont  (post-office). 
Mount  Hope,  Mount  Eden,  Fairmount,  West  Farms,  Bel- 
mont,  Fordham,   Kings    Bridge    (post-office),   Spuyten 

DUYTIL,     Mosholu,    RiVERDALE     (poSt-office),    WOODLAWN, 

and  Mount  St.  Vincent.  The  branch  post-offices,  however, 
are  generally  designated  by  certain  letters  of  the  alphabet, 
A,  B,  C,  (fee.  The  boundaries  of  the  city  are:  W.  the 
Hudson  River;  N.  Yonkers;  E.  the  Bronx  River  to  its 
mouth,  whence  Long  Island  Sound  forms  the  S.  boundary 
to  the  eastern  shore  of  Randall's  Island,  and  thence  the 
East  River  to  its  junction  with  the  Hudson,  off  the  Bat- 
tery, S.  and  W.  of  which  are  Governor's,  Bedloe's,  and 
Ellis  Islands.  The  mainland  portion  of  the  city  is  largely 
occupied,  especially  in  the  highlands  at  the  N.,  by  mansions 
with  attractive  gardens,  and  highly-improved  farms,  though 
in  some  places,  as  at  Morrisania,  West  Farms,  Ac,  there  are 
compact  villages  with  avenues  and  streets ;  the  avenues  and 
streets  of  Morrisania  run  in  general  harmony  with,  and  are 
numbered  in  continuation  of,  those  of  the  N.E.  portion  of 
Manhattan  Island,  its  central  thoroughfare  being  a  con- 
tinuation of  Third  avenue,  which  after  crossing  Harlem 
bridge  runs  N.N.E.  Of  the  main  city,  the  S.,  below  Tenth 
street,  is  densely  built,  and  the  streets  are  mostly  narrow 
and  irregular  in  their  lines  and  intersections ;  N.  of  Third 
street  the  E.  side  becomes  regular,  the  avenues  running  N. 
and  S.  and  the  streets  crossing  them  at  right  angles.  From 
Fourteenth  street  as  far  N.  as  One-Hundred-and-Fifty- 
Fifth  street  the  entire  city  from  the  Hudson  to  East  River 
is  handsomely  laid  out  in  squares,  with  broad  avenues  and 
streets  :■  the  chief  exception  to  the  regular  rectangular  plan 
of  the  city  between  Fourteenth  and  One-Hundred-and-Fifty- 
Fifth  street  is  that  Broadway  trends  to  the  N.N.W.  from 
Union  Square.  The  N.  end  of  the  island  is  very  irregularly 
though  handsomely  laid  out,  and  in  part  occupied  by  Fort 
Washington  and  the  Parade-Ground,  while  there  is  a  de- 
lightful "  Riverside  Drive"  along  the  Hudson  shore  and 
around  the  Spuyten  Duyvil  and  Harlem  curves. 

All  the  vast  commercial  enterprises  and  interests  of  New 
York  have  their  seat  S.  of  Fourteenth  street,  and  the  S.  end 
of  the  island  is  entirely  given  up  to  business.  Those  of 
the  money  and  mercantile  princes  of  New  York  who  reside 
upon  Manhattan  Island  mostly  have  their  mansions  N.  of 
Twenty-Third  street  and  E.  of  Broadway,  in  Fifth  and 
Madison  avenues,  extending  to  the  limits  of  the  park. 
There  are  also  palatial  residences  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
park,  between  Seventy-Second  and  Eighty-Sixth  streets, 
on  West  End  avenue,  and  on  the  Riverside  and  Parkside 


drives.  Many  well-to-do  people  have  their  homes  N.  and 
W.  of  the  island,  in  the  highlands  of  the  mainland;  while 
in  Westchester  co.,  on  Long  Island,  and  in  New  Jersey, 
within  a  radius  of  15  or  20  miles  of  the  city,  are  the  abodv 
of  thousands  of  its  business  men.  The  islands  of  the  East 
River  and  the  bay  are  all  improved  and  utilized ;  those  in 
the  bay  belong  to  the  United  States,  and  are  mostly  occu- 
pied by  fortifications,  magazines,  Ac,  the  Military  DeparU 
ment  of  the  Atlantic  having  its  headquarters  on  the  largest. 
The  East  River  islands  are  occupied  by  benevolent,  chari- 
table, and  correctional  institutions  of  the  city,  and  on 
Blackwell's  is  one  of  the  state  penitentiaries;  some  of  the 
best  of  the  famous  hospitals,  asylums,  Ac,  of  New  York  are 
situated  upon  these  islands.  The  city  also  owns  a  long  and 
narrow  but  small  island,  called  Hart's  Island,  in  the  Sound, 
3i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Schuyler,  whereon,  besides  an  in- 
dustrial school,  a  branch  lunatic  asylum,  and  a  branch 
almshouse,  is  the  city  cemetery,  "  the  Potters'  Field,"  for 
unknown  and  pauper  dead.  In  addition  to  the  charitable 
institutions  maintained  by  the  city  in  its  corporate  character, 
there  are  a  great  number  of  benevolent  and  philanthropic 
institutions  designed  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  poor 
and  unfortunate  of  every  class,  condition,  and  kind,  sus- 
tained by  voluntary  contributions  of  its  citizens,  some  of 
which  are  supported  and  conducted  by  the  several  religious 
denominations,  others  by  masonic  and  kindred  societies,  and 
many  more  by  the  benevolent  and  philanthropic  without 
■distinction.  The  sum  expended  annually  upon  charity  ami 
benevolence  in  this  city  is  not  far  from  $3,500,000.  No 
city  in  the  world  is  better  provided  in  this  respect ;  and, 
while  caring  generously  for  its  own  poor  and  unfortunate, 
New  York  enjoys  a  reputation  unsurpassed  for  liberal 
response  to  every  plea  for  help  from  other  localities,  not 
only  of  our  own  but  even  of  foreign  lands.  One  of  the 
most  praiseworthy  of  the  organizations  of  this  great  city 
is  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animal;^, 
commenced  here  in  1866  by  Henry  Bergh ;  and  so  suc- 
cessful has  it  been  that  similar  societies  have  since  been 
formed  in  other  large  cities.  Among  the  best  of  the  local 
charities  are  those  connected  with  the  famous  "  Five  Points 
Mission ;"  a  home  for  old  men  and  aged  couples ;  a  number 
of  asylums,  homes,  Ac,  especially  for  the  relief  of  poor  but 
industrious  women,  for  the  reclaiming  of  fallen  women  (by 
providing  comfortable  homes  and  suitable  employments), 
and  for  the  care  of  children,  the  blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
Ac.  There  are  numerous  philanthropic  organizations  which 
aim  to  help  those  who  are  willing  to  help  themselves,  by 
extending  temporary  assistance  either  in  the  way  of  small 
loans  or  by  providing  employment;  and  still  others  furniiih 
lodging  or  board,  or  both,  to  young  working-women,  or  to 
other  worthy  industrious  persons,  at  prices  far  below  those 
prevailing  in  ordinary  boarding-houses.  Its  pre-eminence 
as  the  metropolis  of  the  country  makes  New  York  the  seat 
of  various  national  societies  and  associations  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  religion,  morals,  knowledge,  Ac,  as  the 
American  Bible  Society,  the  American  Tract  Society,  the 
Publication  and  Missionary  Societies  of  various  religious 
denominations,  Ac;  but  it  is  also  noted  for  its  local  so- 
cieties and  associations  of  similar  kinds  and  for  similar 
purposes.  Among  the  more  noteworthy  organizations  for 
the  diffusion  of  scientific,  art,  and  other  knowledge,  and 
for  the  promotion  of  culture  and  learning  among  the 
people,  are  the  following.  (1)  The  American  Geographical 
Society,  the  only  organization  upon  this  continent  exclu- 
sively devoted  to  the  advancement  of  the  science  of  geog- 
raphy and  the  dissemination  of  geographical  information. 
(2)  Cooper  Union,  one  of  the  most  important  and  valuable 
institutions  of  this  country,  which  demands  a  brief  notice  on 
account  of  its  unique  character  in  more  than  one  respect :  it 
is  an  educational  institution  especially  for  the  benefit  of  the 
working  classes ;  established  by  the  munificence  of  a  single 
citizen,  Peter  Cooper,  it  has  about  3500  pupils  annually  in 
its  free  classes,  and  a  considerable  number  in  classes  thaf 
have  been  formed  for  such  as  can  afford  to  pay  a  small  fee. 
The  regular  curriculum  comprehends  English  literature, 
rhetoric  and  elocution,  mathematics  (including  astronomy), 
natural  philosophy,  chemistry,  mechanics,  drawing  in  all  iU 
branches,  modelling  in  clay,  painting,  wood-engraving,  Aa 
It  has  a  fine  reading-room,  and  a  well-chosen  library, 
and  courses  of  free  lectures  are  given  during  the  oool 
months.  The  building  of  the  Cooper  Union  is  a  large,  sub- 
stantial, and  rather  attractive  one,  the  erection  of  which 
cost  Mr.  Cooper  $630,000,  and  he  further  endowed  the  Union 
with  $300,000  to  sustain  the  library  and  reading-room.  The 
annual  cost  of  the  schools,  classes,  Ac,  is  said  to  be  about 
$60,000.  (3)  The  American  Institute,  the  purpose  of  which 
is  to  foster  and  promote  domestic  manufactures  by  confer- 


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ring  prizes  and  other  benefits  on  persons  excelling  in  manu- 
factures, oommerce,  and  the  arts,  and  on  inventors  of  im- 
proved appliances,  machinery,  tools,  apparatus,  &o.,  in 
manufactures,  agriculture,  commerce,  science,  and  art :  it 
has  a  large  building,  an  excellent  library  of  11,000  to 
12,000  works  on  science,  arts,  and  other  topics  relating  to 
its  specialties,  and  holds  annual  exhibitions  or  fairs. 

New  York  is  the  seat  of  Columbia  College,  chartered  in 
1754  as  King's  College,  and  reincorporated  under  its  present 
title  in  1784 :  it  has  an  academic,  a  scientific,  and  a  law  de- 
partment, each  with  a  full  faculty  and  complete  equipment. 
The  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  chartered  in  1830, 
is  also  an  institution  of  high  character,  with  departments  of 
arts,  science,  law,  and  medicine,  each  having  a  faculty  of 
able  professors.  Here  are  likewise  several  excellent  colleges 
devoted  to  special  branches  of  study,  as  medicine,  phar- 
macy, law,  theology,  &o.;  among  the  last-mentioned  of 
which  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  (Presbyterian)  and 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  General  Theological  Seminary 
have  a  national  reputation.  New  York  has  over  30  public 
libraries,  of  which  the  Mercantile,  Apprentices',  Harlem, 
Women's,  and  that  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation are  circulating  libraries,  and  the  Astor,  Cooper 
Union,  American  Institute,  Historical  Society,  and  Lenox 
are  free  to  persons  wishing  to  consult  or  read  the  works 
in  their  respective  reading-rooms,  subject  only  to  certain 

{)rotectiTe  restrictions.  Many  of  the  library  buildings  are 
arge,  spacious,  and  handsome :  that  of  the  Lenox  Library, 
erected  by  Mr.  James  Lenox  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,000,000, 
is  a  massive,  imposing  structure,  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
country;  its  founder  gave  the  ground  and  building,  fur- 
nished the  latter  throughout,  endowed  the  institution  with 
$250,000,  and  presented  to  it  a  large  and  valuable  collec- 
tion of  books,  sculptures,  paintings,  ceramics,  Jbc,  collected 
by  him  at  an  immense  cost  during  a  long  term  of  years. 

The  public  schools  of  New  York  have  for  many  years 
had  the  reputation  of  being  inferior  to  none ;  the  system 
includes  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the  Normal 
College  and  Training-School,  the  Saturday  Normal  School 
for  Teachers,  108  grammar-schools,  80  preparatory  depart- 
ments to  the  grammar-schools,  47  primary  schools,  5  dis- 
tinctive schools  for  colored  children,  47  special  schools 
(those  attached  to  reformatories,  orphan  asylums,  &e.),  32 
evening  schools  (including  an  evening  high  school),  and  a 
nautical  school  on  board  of  a  ship ;  in  all,  322  schools  of 
all  grades.  New  York  contains  410  church  buildings,  of 
almost  every  denomination,  including  all  the  evangelical 
Christian  bodies,  the  Koman  Catholic  church,  the  Jews, 
&o.  Among  the  more  notable  churches  is  the  John  Street 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  well  known  throughout  the 
country  under  the  designation  of  "  the  cradle  of  American 
Methodism ;"  the  first  "  society"  was  organized  here  in 
1766,  and  it  has  continued  to  exist  ever  since;  the  first  edi- 
fice was  dedicated  October  30,  1768,  and  stood  until  it  was 
torn  down  in  1834  to  give  place  to  the  larger  and  more 
modern,  though  plain,  building  now  occupied.  The  oldest 
church,  however,  with  the  possible  exception  of  the  "  Dutch 
Reformed  Collegiate  Corporation,"  is  the  famous  Trinity 
(Protestant  Episcopal)  church,  which  is  particularly  notable 
on  accountof  its  wealth,  being  the  wealthiest  single  organi- 
Eation  in  the  United  States :  it  was  established  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  land  on  which  the 
church  now  stands  having  been  granted  by  the  English 
government  in  1697,  during  which  year  the  first  edifice  was 
built  and  consecrated ;  this  church  was  destroyed  in  the 
great  fire  of  1776;  the  next  building,  not  completed  until 
1788,  stood  until  1839,  when  it  was  pronounced  unsafe,  torn 
down,  and  replaced  by  the  present  handsome  Gothic  church. 
The  pariah  is  an  extensive  one,  having  not  less  than  five 
flourishing  chapels,  besides  the  parent  church,  with  a  rector 
and  eight  or  nine  assistant  ministers.  It  sustains  numerous 
parochial  and  industrial  schools,  a  workingmen's  club,  an 
infirmary,  a  home  for  aged  female  communicants,  an  em- 
ployment society,  and  other  excellent  charities,  and  con- 
tributes liberally  to  church  work  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States. 

There  are  published  in  New  York  37  daily  papers,  of 
which  28  are  morning  and  9  evening ;  of  the  former,  8  are 
specialist  (devoted  to  finance,  commerce,  law  reports,  Ac.) 
and  13  general  newspapers,  and  of  these  2  are  French,  1 
Bohemian,  4  German,  and  several  Hebrew,  Italian,  and 
Scandinavian ;  of  the  evening  papers  1  is  German  ;  6  of 
the  dailies  issue  semi-weekly  and  15  of  them  weekly  edi- 
tions; and  there  are,  besides,  5  semi-weekly,  190  weekly, 
6  bi-weekly,  and  22  semi-monthly  papers,  and  68  monthly, 
4  bi-monthly,  and  11  quarterly  periodicals. 

The  more  or  less  notable  buildings  of  New  York  are 


numerous.  Among  these  tne  new  post-ofiBce  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  conspicuous  structures;  it  cost  between 
$6,000,000  and  $7,000,000,  and  occupied  nearly  seven  years 
in  its  erection;  it  is  of  mixed  architecture,  Doric  and  the 
so-called  Eenaissance  prevailing.  The  United  States  Treas- 
ury building  (Doric  and  Corinthian),  the  custom-house,  the 
city  hall  (Italian  Renaissance),  the  new  court-house  (chiefly 
Corinthian),  the  city  prison,  called  "the  Tombs"  (pure 
Egyptian,  and  a  fine  specimen),  the  new  Roman  Catholic 
cathedral  (a  good  example  of  the  Decorated  Gothic),  the 
masonic  temple,  the  Odd -Fellows'  hall.  Trinity  church 
(Gothic),  and  the  Jewish  Temple  Emanuel  (Saracenic)  are 
all  large,  substantial  edifices ;  besides  these  are  St.  Paul's 
church,  Grace  church,  the  Fifth  Avenue  synagogue,  the 
com  exchange,  the  Equitable  building,  Astor  library. 
Cooper  Union,  Fifth  Avenue  hotel,  Hotel  Waldorf,  the 
Grand  Opera-House,  and  the  A.  T.  Stewart  and  Vanderbilt 
mansions ;  and  many  of  the  hospitals,  asylums,  "  homes," 
colleges,  libraries,  and  other  public  buildings,  are  costly, 
handsome  edifices.  There  are  also  noteworthy  hotels, 
banks,  newspaper  and  insurance  buildings,  &c.,  and  pala- 
tial private  residences.  A  comparatively  new  departure 
in  home  life  in  New  York  is  found  in  the  "apartment- 
houses"  and  "  French  flats"  which  have  lately  sprung 
up  in  the  residence  part  of  the  city,  many  of  the  former 
being  structures  of  great  extent  and  elegance,  embracing 
a  first-class  restaurant,  and  numerous  "apartments"  ele- 
gantly furnished,  and  each  commanding  a  rental  of  from  one 
thousand  to  several  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  while  the 
latter  (the  "flats")  occupy  each  an  entire  floor  of  a  smaller 
house,  and  are  rented  for  housekeeping,  unfurnished,  at 
from  $600  per  annum  upward.  Apartment  houses  of  the 
first  class  have  passenger  elevators,  are  fire-proof,  and  are 
sometimes  built  from  ten  to  twelve  stories  in  height. 

The  Central  Park  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  beautiful 
public  pleasure-grounds  in  the  world :  without  any  natural 
advantages,  by  the  liberal  and  judicious  expenditure  of 
money,  one  of  the  most  delightful  spots  conceivable  has 
been  produced  from  a  barren  wilderness;  its  area  is  840 
acres,  with  about  9  miles  of  carriage-drives,  5  to  5i  miles 
of  bridlo-paths,  upwards  of  28  miles  of  footwalks,  seats  for 
10,000  persons,  an  excellent  menagerie,  a  meteorological 
observatory,  restaurants,  a  ball-ground,  a  play-ground  for 
young  children,  numerous  lakes,  terraces,  garden-plots,  &c. 
Riverside  Park,  a  narrow  strip  of  land  extending  for  about  3 
miles  along  the  Hudson  from  Seventy-Second  street  to  One- 
Hundred-and-Thirtieth  street,  and  especially  of  interest 
as  the  burial-place  of  General  Grant,  contains  about  200 
acres,  partially  laid  out  and  improved.  It  is  of  easy  access 
by  the  elevated  railroads  of  Sixth  and  Ninth  avenues,  and 
its  prominent  points  afford  many  attractive  views  of  the 
Hudson  and  the  scenery  beyond.  New  York  has,  besides 
these,  about  a  dozen  smaller  parks  and  squares,  a  number 
of  attractive  picnic-grounds  within  easy  access  by  rail  or 
water,  and  several  enjoyable,  well-kept  public  drives  along 
river  and  creek  and  into  rural  districts.  Indeed,  objects 
of  interest  to  the  visitor  abound  in  all  parts  of  the  city 
and  vicinity,  but  space  allows  little  more  than  a  casual 
allusion  to  them  in  these  pages.  Among  the  most  attrac- 
tive is  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in  Central  Park, 
near  the  Eighty-Fourth  street  station  of  the  Third  Avenue 
Elevated  Railroad,  embracing,  among  a  vast  number  of 
minor  works,  the  Blodgett  collection  of  pictures,  the  Di 
Cesnola  archaeological  collection,  numerous  celebrated  works 
by  the  old  masters  and  modern  noted  artists,  contributed 
by  opulent  citizens  of  New  York,  and,  finally,  the  Wolfe 
gallery  of  pictures,  the  gift  of  Miss  Catharine  Lorillard 
Wolfe,  consisting  principally  of  fine  examples  of  the  works 
of  celebrated  modern  artists,  and  valued  at  a  half-million 
dollars.  Near  this  museum  stands  the  Egyptian  Obelisk 
(Cleopatra's  Needle),  presented  to  the  city  of  New  York 
by  the  late  Khedive  of  Egypt,  Ismail  Pasha,  and  opposite, 
on  the  west  side  of  the  park,  stands  the  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  accessible  by  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Avenue  Ele- 
vated Railroads  (Eighty-First  street  station).  Prominent 
in  New  York  harbor,  on  Bedloe's  Island,  appears  Bartholdi's 
colossal  statue,  "  Liberty  Enlightening  the  World,"  stand- 
ing on  a  granite  pedestal  of  155  feet  and  reaching  to  a  total 
height  of  305  feet  11  inches. 

Elevated  railways,  with  frequent  trains,  extending  from 
the  Battery  to  the  extreme  northern  limits  of  the  city, 
traverse  Second,  Third,  Sixth,  and  Ninth  avenues,  making 
it  possible  for  patrons  (of  whom  tne  annual  number  is 
160,000,000)  to  ride  some  15  miles  or  more  for  a  single 
fare  of  five  cents  each.  About  50  lines  of  horse-cars  also 
permeate  the  streets  in  all  directions,  carrying  over  200,- 
000,000  passengers  per  annum.     Numerous  lines  of  ferriei 


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connect  New  York  with  the  outlying  cities  and  suburban 
districts,  among  which  are  lines  to  Brooklyn  (11),  Astoria 
(2),  Bedloe's  Island,  Blackwell's  Island  (2),  Fort  Lee  (2), 
Governor's  Island,  Green  Point  (2),  Hoboken  (3),  Jersey 
City  (5),  Hunter's  Point  (2),  Weehawken  (2),  Ac.  The  fa- 
mous East  River  Suspension  Bridge,  5989  feet  long,  85  feet 
wide,  with  ample  promenades  for  pedestrians,  drive-ways 
for  vehicles,  and  railroad-tracks  for  passenger-cars,  affords 
an  attractive  route  between  New  York  and  Brooklyn. 

According  to  the  annual  report  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  New  York  for  1891-92,  the  wealth  (assessed  valu- 
ation) of  New  York  City  was  as  follows :  real  estate, 
$1,464,247,820;  personal  property,  $321,609,518,-  total, 
$1,785,857,338.  The  statement  of  the  comptroller  of  the 
city  of  New  York  gives  its  total  funded  debt,  December  31, 
1891,  at  $150,298,869.73,  and  its  net  funded  debt  at  $97,- 
515,436.16.  The  census  of  1890  shows  an  increase  over 
1880  in  the  population  of  the  city  of  25.62  per  cent. ;  in- 
crease of  valuation,  47.96  per  cent. ;  and  decrease  of  muni- 
cipal debt,  less  sinking  fund,  6.34  per  cent. 

As  a  business  centre.  New  York  has  long  been  not  only 
the  first  city  on  this  continent,  but  the  second  city  of  the 
world,  London,  the  metropolis  of  the  British  realm,  being 
its  only  superior  in  the  variety,  extent,  and  importance  of 
its  commerce,  monetary  transactions,  and  general  business 
interests  and  enterprises.  The  United  States  has  here  its 
chief  sub-treasury,  and  by  far  the  larger  part — fully  three- 
fourths,  if  not  four-fifths — of  all  the  financial  transactions 
of  the  General  Government  are  effected,  loans  negotiated 
and  consummated,  interest  paid,  revenues  collected,  Ac,  by 
or  through  the  banks  and  bankers  of  New  York.  But  the 
transactions  of  the  government  are  much  less  than  a  moiety 
of  the  vast  monetary  business  transacted  in  the  city.  As  a 
mere  intimation  of  the  ratio  of  the  monetary  business  of 
New  York  to  that  of  the  entire  United  States,  it  is  worthy 
of  note  that,  while  of  3140  national  banks  in  the  United 
States  on  the  4th  of  October,  1888,  New  York  had  but  46, 
of  the  aggregate  capital  stock,  amounting  to  $592,621,656, 
the  banks  of  New  York  had  $49,100,000 ;  of  the  aggregate 
$1,350,320,861  held  as  individual  deposits,  those  of  this 
city  had  $261,464,826;  of  the  aggregate  $1,674,886,285 
loans  and  discounts,  the  banks  of  New  York  reported 
$292,495,481.  Then,  if  we  take  into  account  that  New 
York  has  an  immense  number  of  private  banking-houses, 
which  carry  on  a  business  often  exceeding  and  very  seldom 
falling  below  that  of  the  public  banks,  we  may  approxi- 
mate nn  estimate  of  the  immense  business  transacted  here 
in  money  alone. 

A  careful  comparison  of  the  official  statements  of  the 
foreign  commerce  of  the  several  United  States  ports  in  the 
reports  of  the  United  States  Treasury  Department  for  a 
large  number  of  years  shows  that  generally  over  45  per 
cent,  of  all  the  exports  from,  and  65  per  cent,  of  all  the 
imports  into,  the  United  States  have  been  sent  and  re- 
ceived by  way  of  the  port  of  New  York ;  while  of  the  coin 
and  bullion  exported  about  75  per  cent,  has  gone  from  this 
port.  Upwards  of  65  per  cent,  of  the  customs  duties  of  the 
country  is  generally  here  collected ;  and  of  the  aggregate 
tonnage  of  vessels  arriving  at  United  States  ports  from 
foreign  ports,  usually  more  than  50  per  cent,  is  registered 
at  New  York. 

The  total  value  of  foreign  imports  into  the  port  of  New 
York  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 1891,  was  $557,586,- 
112.  The  value  of  dutiable  goods  was  $254,102,154;  of 
free  goods,  $268,329,418.  Value  of  specie  and  bullion, 
$35,154,540.  The  total  value  of  exports  from  the  port  of 
New  York  to  foreign  ports  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 
1891,  was  $483,081,313.  The  value  of  domestic  exports 
was  $378,392,937  ;  of  foreign  exports,  $8,772,099. 

The  domestic  trade  of  New  York  is  also  immense,  largely 
exceeding  the  foreign.  Its  railroad  system  is  very  com- 
plete and  comprehensive.  As  many  as  twenty  lines,  having 
connections  which  extend  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  con- 
verge at  New  York,  chief  among  which  are  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio,  the  Central  of  New  Jersey,  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  Western,  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River, 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford,  the  Pennsylvania, 
the  West  Shore  A  Buffalo,  and  the  New  Jersey  Southern. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  trunk  lines  of  the  country  have 
their  main  oflBces  here,  and  those  whose  routes  do  not  cross 
or  terminate  at  the  city  have  tributary  lines  or  branches 
thereto.  The  extensive  and  costly  canal  system  of  New 
York  state  has  also  its  centre  here.  Vast  numbers  of  local 
steamers  and  ocean  ships,  reaching  to  almost  all  known 
ports  of  the  world,  either  have  their  principal  head-quarters 
at  New  York  or  are  frequent  visitors  there.  The  vessels 
of  the  Anchor  Line,  the  Cunard  Line,  the  Guion  Line,  the 


Inman  Line,  the  North  German  Lloyd,  and  the  White  Star 
Line  are  among  the  beet-known  European  steamers,  while 
a  legion  of  river  craft,  coasters,  and  minor  ocean  steamers 
throng  the  harbor. 

The  commerce  of  New  York  has  attained  its  immense 
proportions  by  reason  of  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  its 
merchants,  rather  than  through  its  natural  advantages  as  a 
harbor  or  as  a  centre  of  trade,  though  these  are  important. 
There  are  numerous  organizations  of  business  men  to  foster 
and  develop  the  trade  of  the  port,  both  foreign  and  domes- 
tic. Conspicuous  among  these  are  the  "  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  New  York,"  whose  original  charter  was  granted 
by  George  III.  in  1770;  the  "New  York  Board  of  Trade 
and  Transportation,"  which  has  a  large  membership  among 
all  classes  of  business  men,  and  wields  a  great  influence 
both  within  and  far  beyond  the  city  of  New  York;  and 
the  "  New  York  Produce  Exchange,"  also  a  large  and 
influential  institution,  which  succeeded  the  "New  York 
Commercial  Association"  in  1868,  and  comprises  some  of 
the  most  energetic  and  enterprising  merchants  of  the  city. 
Its  annual  reports  are  invaluable  exhibits,  not  alone  of  the 
produce  trade  of  the  port  of  New  York,  but  of  the  entire 
commerce  of  that  port  and  of  the  more  important  branches 
of  the  trade  of  the  other  leading  ports  of  this  continent. 
There  are  exchanges  devoted  to  specific  branches  of  trade, 
a  number  of  warehousing  companies,  and  countless  other 
business  associations,  besides  nearly  50  national,  some  48 
state,  and  a  very  large  number  of  private  banks  and  bank- 
ing establishments,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  immense 
amount,  whose  annual  transactions  exceed  those  of  all  the 
banks  elsewhere  on  this  continent. 

The  manufactures  of  New  York  are  only  less  important 
than  its  commerce.  The  census  of  1890  reports  more  than 
25,000  establishments,  in  nearly  300  branches  of  manufac- 
ture. These  employed  351,757  hands.  Their  capital  aggre- 
gated $420,238,602,  wages  $228,537,295,  and  they  consumed 
materials  to  the  value  of  $357,086,305,  and  produced  goods 
to  the  value  of  $763,833,923.  Some  of  the  detailed  state- 
ments of  the  census  bulletin  for  1890  by  important  in- 
dustries are  as  follows:  men's  wholesale  clothing,  1554 
establishments,  aggregate  capital  $48,591,055,  wages  $22,« 
548,892,  value  of  goods  $68,630,780 ;  coffee  and  spices,  35 
establishments,  capital  $2,984,791,  wages  $478,905,  value 
$17,037,019;  foundry  and  machiae-shop  products,  342 
establishments,  capital  $16,943,185,  wages  $17,302,617, 
value  $18,043,794;  slaughtering  and  meat-packing,  69 
establishments,  capital  $6,506,990,  wages  $1,439,532,  value 
$39,514,108.  In  New  York,  as  in  Philadelphia  and  most 
great  manufacturing  centres,  a  large  proportion  of  the 
manufactures  actually  belonging  to  the  city,  because  sus- 
tained by  its  capital  and  promoted  by  its  market,  is  credited 
to  counties  and  towns  beyond  the  city,  such  as  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  and  Newark  and  Paterson,  N.J. ;  so  that  the  census  re- 
turns of  the  manufactures  of  New  York  show  but  a  part  of 
their  actual  extent  and  value;  for  many  miles  in  all  direc- 
tions there  are  establishments  representing  various  indus- 
tries the  entire  capital  of  which  is  furnished  by  New  York 
and  the  productions  of  which  come  directly  into  New  York 
as  their  natural  market. 

For  local  government  purposes,  New  York  is  divided  into 
24  wards ;  but  the  ward  division  is  of  little  interest,  as  it  is 
ignored  even  in  the  election  of  the  municipal  legislature. 
The  government  vests  in  a  mayor,  commissioners  of  sev- 
eral executive  departments,  and  a  board  of  aldermen.  The 
mayor  is  elected  biennially,  and  receives  a  salary  of  $12,000 ; 
he  has  the  right  of  vetoing  enactments  of  the  board  of  al- 
dermen, and  of  appointing,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
board,  the  commissioners  of  finance,  of  law,  of  public  works, 
of  parks,  of  docks,  of  police,  of  charities  and  corrections, 
of  fire,  of  health,  of  taxes  and  assessments,  and  of  build- 
ings. The  board  of  aldermen  is  the  city  legislature ;  each 
alderman  receives  a  salary  of  $4000.  The  board  of  appor- 
tionment is  a  sort  of  upper  house,  consisting  of  the  mayor, 
comptroller,  tax  commissioner,  and  president  of  the  board 
of  aldermen  ;  it  controls  all  disbursements  of  the  city's 
money,  every  appropriation  requiring  its  sanction  before  it 
can  be  operative.  The  police  force  comprises  a  superin- 
tendent, 4  inspectors,  36  captains,  and  about  3400  patrolmen, 
roundsmen,  mounted  policemen,  and  harbor  policemen,  with 
a  number  of  sergeants,  station  supervisors,  Ac.  There  is  a 
large,  well-equipped,  and  efiScient  paid  fire  department, 
with  alarm  telegraph,  Ac. ;  and  the  Croton  water-works 
supply  a  bountiful  measure  of  pure,  sweet  water.  There 
are  4  gas  companies  that  furnish  lights  of  16  candle  power. 
Street  and  other  public  lamps  number  about  24,886. 

The  criminal  reformatory  system  of  New  York  is  very 
complete,  including  institutions  for  all  ages  and  grades  of 


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malefactors.  It  is  only  fair  to  say  that  the  city's  prisons, 
reformatories,  asylums,  hospitals,  and  almshouses  are  largely 
filled  with  foreign  immigrants.  Youthful  delinquents  are 
restrained  and  trained  to  better  ways  at  the  House  of 
Refuge,  on  Randall's  Island.  There  are  jails  in  the  several 
police  districts  for  the  incarceration  of  accused  persons  who 
cannot  secure  bail  pending  trial,  and  for  the  imprisonment 
of  those  convicted  of  comparatively  trivial  infractions  of 
law.  The  "  Tombs,"  which  is  a  district  jail  also,  is  the 
main  city  prison.  There  is  a  House  of  Detention,  where 
important  witnesses  are  held  when  there  is  reason  to  doubt 
their  appearance  when  wanted.  There  is  a  workhouse  in 
which  habitual  drunkards  and  other  good-for-naughts  are 
confined  and  made  to  labor.  There  is  one  of  the  state 
penitentiaries  on  Blackwell's  Island.  "  Ludlow  Street 
Jail"  serves  for  the  detention  of  debtors  against  whom 
creditors  take  oath  that  they  are  about  to  leave  the  state, 
and  for  persons  awaiting  trial  on  civil  process  when  there 
is  any  danger  of  there  fleeing  the  jurisdiction  of  the  local 
courts.  Persons  accused  of  violating  any  national  law, 
and  awaiting  trial  in  the  Federal  courts,  are  confined  in  the 
last-named  jail  when  unable  to  procure  bail.  The  local 
courts  include  six  police  courts,  presided  over  by  police  jus- 
tices, who  are  committing  magistrates  in  criminal  cases  and 
have  original  jurisdiction  in  certain  civil  suits;  ten  district 
courts,  with  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  where  not  more  than 
$250  is  involved ;  the  court  of  special  sessions  of  the  peace, 
and  the  court  of  general  sessions  of  the  peace,  which  are 
the  regular  criminal  courts,  with  a  court  of  oyer  and  ter- 
miner which  has  certain  exceptional  prerogatives  and  powers 
in  criminal  cases ;  the  court  of  common  pleas,  and  the  su- 

Eerior  court  of  the  city  of  New  York,  the  higher  civil  courts, 
aving  general  jurisdiction,  with  the  marine  court,  which 
has  jurisdiction  in  certain  specific  causes;  and  a  branch  of 
the  state  supreme  court,  which  holds  "  general  term"  here 
at  least  once,  and  oftener  when  business  requires,  in  each 
year. 

The  city  and  county  being  coextensive,  New  York  dis- 
penses with  some  oflBcers  required  by  counties  generally, 
while  it  has  others,  the  chief  ones  being  a  sheriff,  a  county 
clerk,  coroners,  a  county  register,  and  a  surrogate,  the  last- 
mentioned  being  the  head  of  a  sort  of  orphans'  court,  with 
many  of  the  prerogatives  of  a  judge,  but  subject  to  the 
right  of  appeal.  Besides  the  courts  named,  there  is  another 
called  "  the  court  of  arbitration,"  which  is  perhaps  pecu- 
liar to  this  city  :  it  is  a  court  of  the  chamber  of  commerce, 
designed  to  avert  legal  litigation  by  adjusting  questions  of 
dispute  between  merchants  and  other  men  of  business;  the 
judge  is  appointed  by  the  governor  and  state  senate,  and 
receives  a  salary  of  $10,000,  but  his  jurisdiction  depends 
solely  upon  the  voluntary  submission  of  the  parties  to  any 
dispute. 

John  Yerrazano,  an  Italian  navigator,  was  perhaps  the 
first  European  who  entered  New  York  Bay,  in  1525.  Man- 
hattan Island  was  discovered  in  1609  by  Henry  Hudson, 
an  English  navigator  in  the  employ  of  the  East  India 
Company  of  Holland ;  three  years  later  the  first  settlement 
was  effected  by  the  Dutch,  and  thus  commenced  the  settle- 
ment of  New  Amsterdam,  which  in  1648  contained  about 
1000  inhabitants.  In  1664  it  was  surrendered  to  the  Brit- 
ish, taking  the  name  of  New  York  ;  retaken  by  the  Dutch 
nine  years  afterwards,  they  held  it  but  a  single  year.  In 
1677  there  were  384  houses,  and  in  1696  the  city  owned  40 
ships,  62  sloops,  and  60  boats.  In  1700  the  population  was 
6000.  The  "  New  York  Gazette,"  a  weekly  paper,  appeared 
in  1725.  The  first  stage- route  to  Philadelphia  was  estab- 
lished in  1732,  and  stages  departed^tor  Boston  monthly, 
taking  a  fortnight  on  the  route.  The  imports  of  1769 
amounted  to  $839,782.  In  1783,  after  a  long  possession, 
the  British  troops  evacuated  New  York.  In  1807  the  first 
steamboat  was  built  at  this  port  to  navigate  the  Hudson. 
The  opening  of  the  Erie  Canal  in  1825  gave  a  great  impetus 
to  New  York.  In  1837  the  Croton  Aqueduct  was  commenced, 
and  on  the  4th  of  July,  1842,  the  pure  waters  of  the  Croton 
River  were  let  into  the  distributing  reservoir. 

The  population  of  New  York  for  the  decennial  periods 
since  the  first  national  census  is  as  follows  :  in  1790,  33,131 ; 
in  1800,  60,489 ;  in  1810,  96,373  ;  in  1820, 12.3,706 ;  in  1830, 
197,112;  in  1840,  312,710;  in  1850,  515,547;  in  1860, 
813,669 ;  in  1870,  942,292,  or,  including  the  territory  sub- 
sequently annexed,  upwards  of  973,000 ;  in  1880,  1,206,299, 
homed  in  110,000  houses;  in  1890, 1,515,301 ;  in  1892  (local 
census),  1,801,739. 

New  York,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Chariton.    It  has  2  churches. 

New  York,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex, 

New  York  Landing,  Cal.    See  Black  Diamond. 


New  York  Mills,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  78  miles  E.  of  Moor- 
head.     Here  is  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  64. 

New  York  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Whitestown  township,  on  Sadaquada  Creek,  and  near  the 
Erie  Canal,  2  miles  from  Whitesborough  Station,  and  about 
95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  ha^  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  fine  bleached  cotton 
goods  (shirting  and  cottonade).     Pop.  1264. 

New  Zealand,  zee'l^nd  (Fr.  Nouvelle-ZSlande,  noo'- 
vSll'-ziMfiNd' ;  Ger.  Neu-Seeland,  noi'-si'lint),  a  British 
colony  in  the  South  Pacific,  consisting  of  a  chain  of  islands, 
having  two  large  and  one  small,  besides  others  of  less  note. 
The  main  chain  extends  from  Cape  North,  in  S.  lat.  34°  22', 
to  Cape  South,  in  47°  20'  S.,  and  from  Cape  West,  in  E.  Ion. 
166°  40',  to  Cape  AVai-Apoo,  in  E.  Ion.  178°  38'.  The  gen- 
eral direction  is  S.E.  for  above  400  miles,  and  S.W,  for 
900  miles.  The  area  of  the  three  islands  is  computed  at 
104,660  square  miles.  Pop.  in  18S1,  489,933;  in  1891, 
668,353.  Cook  Strait  separates  North  Island  from  South 
Island,  and  the  latter  is  separated  from  Stewart  Island  by 
Foveaux  Strait.  When  established  as  a  colony,  in  1840, 
North,  Middle,  and  South  Islands  were  re-named — New 
Ulster,  New  Munster,  and  New  Leinster;  but  these  titles 
are  out  of  use  since  the  provincial  divisions  with  their  local 
governments  have  been  instituted,  and  they  are  now  known 
as  North,  South,  and  Stewart  Islands.  The  mineral  prod- 
ucts are  valuable  and  extensive.  Coal  is  widely  distributed, 
and  copper  is  met  with  in  several  localities.  In  1857  gold 
was  found  in  Nelson  province,  which  has  since  exported 
about  £50,000  annually,  but  the  export  is  now  on  the  de- 
cline. In  1S61  productive  diggings  were  discovered  50  miles 
from  Dunedin,  the  exports  in  1863  being  to  the  value  of 
£1,584,000.  From  April  1, 1857,  to  December  31, 1886,  the 
total  value  of  gold  entered  for  exportation  from  the  colony 
was  £43,231,476.  The  celebrated  Kauri  pine,  and  the 
Phormium  tencuc,  or  New  Zealand  flax,  are  abundant. 
These  islands  contain  large  areas  of  forest-land,  affording 
every  variety  and  size  of  timber  required  for  house-  and 
ship-building.  According  to  the  latest  census  returns,  there 
are  in  the  islands  about  12,000,001)  sheep,  500,000  head  of 
cattle,  100,000  horses,  and  125,000  pigs,  and  the  acreage 
under  crops  is  about  2,000,000.  The  quantity  of  wool 
exported  per  annum  is  about  50,000,000  pounds.  Total 
imports,  about  £8,000,000;  exporte,  £7,500,000,  princi- 
pally to  Great  Britain.  The  greatest  value  of  exports  is 
from  Dunedin;  then  come  Lyttelton,  Auckland,  and  Wel- 
lington. The  revenue  and  expenditures  of  the  colony 
amount  to  about  £4,000,000  each,  and  the  public  debt  is 
about  £40,000,000.  In  December,  1886,  there  were  1054 
common  schools,  2721  teachers,  and  105,234  pupils.  The 
amount  expended  on  education  was  £430,373.  The  climate 
is  equable,  pleasant,  and  salubrious,  the  mean  annual 
temperature  oeing — for  Auckland,  in  lat.  36°  60'  S.,  59° 
Fahr.;  for  New  Plymouth,  in  39°  3'  S.,  56°;  for  Welling- 
ton, in  41°  16'  S.,  55°;  for  Nelson,  in  41°  15'  S.,  55°;  for 
Christchurch,  in  43°  35'  S.,  53°;  and  for  Otago,  in  46° 
46'  S.,  50°.  Mean  of  the  coldest  month  at  Otago,  40°  Fahr., 
and  of  the  warmest  at  Auckland,  68°.  High  winds  pre- 
vail. The  average  rainfall  in  North  Island  varies  in  the 
respective  provinces  from  45^  inches  to  59  inches  annually, 
while  in  South  Island  it  is  from  30  to  34i  inches.  Snow 
seldom  falls,  excepting  in  the  southern  parts  of  South 
Island.  There  are  several  volcanic  cones,  the  chief  of 
which  is  Mount  Egmont,  in  Taranaki,  8840  feet  high.  The 
town  of  AVellington  has  suffered  from  earthquakes.  A 
mountain-chain,  the  Southern  Alps,  runs  through  South 
Island,  culminating  in  Mount  Cook,  12,362  feet  high. 
Mount  Kaikora,  in  Nelson  province,  has  an  elevation  of 
9300  feet.  There  are  many  good  harbors  in  all  the  islands, 
and  numerous  lakes  and  rivers  in  the  two  larger  ones.  The 
first  railroad  in  New  Zealand,  between  Christchurch  and 
Lyttelton,  was  opened  December  1,  1863.  In  1872  a  com- 
prehensive railway  system  was  commenced  by  the  govern- 
ment, and  in  1893  the  total  length  of  lines  which  had  been 
constructed  was  1886  miles,  the  cost  of  construction  being 
£15,497,783.  The  aboriginal  race  is  rapidly  on  the  decline. 
According  to  a  census  made  on  March  1,  1874,  the  number 
of  the  natives  was  then  45,470.  The  country  was  first 
formally  taken  possession  of  as  a  British  colony  in  1840. 
In  1837  the  New  Zealand  Company  was  formed  in  England, 
and  in  1851  made  over  its  affairs  to  the  government  for  a 
money  consideration  of  £268,370.  The  territory  was  dia 
covered  in  1642  by  Tasman,  who  examined  the  western 
coast;  and  Cook  explored  the  E.  side  in  1769.  In  1853  a 
free  constitution  was  proclaimed.  Shortest  sea-route  to 
Liverpool,  11,510  miles. 


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New  Zealand,  zee'land,  a  post- village  in  York  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Fredericton.'  It  contains  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  250. 

New  Zi'on,  a  post-township  of  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Manning.     Pop.  640. 

NexOe,  n4x'o^§h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Bornholm.     Pop.  1584. 

Nexon,  n6x^6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- Vienne, 
10  miles  S.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  2855. 

Ney,  na,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo..  111. 

Ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  6J  miles  S.  of 
Bryan.     It  has  a  church. 

Neyva,  or  Neiva,  a  town  of  Hayti,  70  miles  E.  of  Port- 
au-Prince,  on  the  river  Neyva,  which  enters  Neyva  Bay  on 
the  S.  coast,  after  a  course  of  75  miles.  A  small  river  of 
Portugal  has  this  name. 

Neyva,  or  Neiva,  ni'e-v4,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  department  of  Cundinamarca,  on  the  Magdalena, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Neyva  River,  132  miles  S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Neze,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Neive. 

Nezheen,  or  Nejin,  ni-zheen',  written  also  Neschin, 
Nieshin,  and  Niejin,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Oster.  Pop.  21,590. 
It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and  has  a  cathedral,  numerous 
other  churches,  some  convents,  a  hospital,  a  high  school, 
a  college,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  leather,  Ac. 

Nezider,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Neusiedl-am-See. 

Nez  Perce,  ni  pSa^si'  (usually  pronounced  nay  per'cy), 
or  Sahaptin  Indians,  a  tribe  dwelling  in  Idaho.  The 
name  nezperc^  signifies  in  French  "pierced  nose."  There 
does  not,  however,  appear  to  be  any  peculiarity  in  their 
customs  to  justify  this  appellation. 

Nez  Per'ces,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Idaho,  bor- 
ders on  Washington.  Area,  1610  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Salmon  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Clear- 
water. The  Snake  or  Lewis  River  forms  part  of  its  W. 
boundary.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  plains  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Lewiston.     Pop.  in  1880,  3965;  in  1890,  2847. 

Nezpique  Bayou,  na'peek  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  rises  in 
St.  Landry  parish,  runs  southward,  and  unites  with  the 
Plaquemine  Brul6  on  the  E.  border  of  Calcasieu  parish  to 
form  the  Mermenteau  River. 

N'gami,  n'gi'me,  a  shallow  lake  of  Southern  Africa, 
between  lat.  20°  and  21°  S.  and  Ion.  22°  and  23°  30'  E. 
Elevation,  about  3300  feet.  It  is  supposed  to  be  nearly 
60  miles  long.  Its  chief  tributary  is  the  Tioge  River. 
The  surplus  water  of  this  lake  is  discharged  by  the  river 
Zouga,  which  issues  from  its  E.  end.  The  water  of  N'gami 
la  fresh  during  tke  periodical  inundations,  but  becomes 
brackish  in  the  dry  season. 

Nganaiti,  South  Pacific.    See  Byam  Martin's  Island. 

Ngan-Hoei,  n'gin^ho-i',  or  Gan-Hway,  gin^hwi', 
an  inland  province  of  China,  between  lat.  29°  and  34°  N. 
and  Ion.  113°  and  119°  E.,  enclosed  by  Kiang-Soo,  Che- 
Kiang,  Kiang-See,  Hoo-Pee,  and  Hoo-Nan.  Pop.  34,168,059. 
Surface  mostly  plain,  and  traversed  by  the  rivers  Yang- 
tse-Kiang  and  Hoai-Ho  with  its  affluents.  The  products 
comprise  the  precious  metals,  copj)er,  salt,  green  tea  from 
the  S.  districts,  ink,  varnish,  and  other  produce. 

Ngau-King,  n'gin^king',  the  capital  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, is  160  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nanking. 

Nga-Thainghyoung,  n'gi-thang-h'yoong',  a  town  of 
British  Burmah,  Bassein  district.     Pop.  3178. 

Ngou9a,  or  Ngoosa,  n'goo^si',  a  walled  town  of  the 
Algerian  Sahara,  oasis  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Ouargla.  Lat. 
32°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  26'  E.     Pop.  1000. 

Ngnndavam,  n'giinMiV&m',  a  townof  Viti  Levu,  one 
of  the  Feejee  Islands,  near  lat.  18°  S.,  Ion.  178°  W. 

Nha-Trang,  nS,-tr&ng',  Nhiatrang,  ne-iHring',  or 
Yatraug,  yiHring',  a  seaport  town  of  Anam,  with  a  good 
harbor,  at  a  river's  mouth,  in  lat.  12°  19'  N.,  Ion.  109°  20'  E. 

Nho,  no  or  n'ho,  written  also  Nouh,  noo,  and  Noll,  a 
town  of  British  India.  Lat.  27°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  31'  E.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  salt  from  springs.     Pop.  6009. 

Niagara,  ni-ag'a-ra  (originally  ne-i-gft'ri,  or  rather 
nee-i*g&Vi'),  a  river  which  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween New  York  and  the  British  province  of  Ontario,  issues 
from  the  eastern  end  of  Lake  Erie  at  Buffalo,  runs  nearly 
northward,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  36  miles,  enters 
Lake  Ontario,  having  in  this  distance  an  aggregate  fall  of 
334  feet.  It  encloses  several  islands,  the  largest  of  which, 
called  Grand  Island,  is  nearly  10  miles  long  and  6  miles 
Tide.  About  4  miles  below  this  island  is  the  most  cele- 
orated  cataract  in  the  world,  where  the  river  is  divided  by 
Goat  Island,  i  mile  long,  into  two  separate  falls,  the  largest 
126 


volume  of  water  flowing  on  the  Canadian  side,  and  forming 
the  Horseshoe  Fall,  with  a  perpendicular  descent  of  168  feet. 
The  height  of  the  American  Fall  is  167  feet.  The  rock 
which  crops  oat  at  the  top  of  the  cataract  and  forms  the 
bed  of  the  river  is  Niagara  limestone.  The  part  of  the 
river  between  Goat  Island  and  the  Canadian  shore  is  about 
600  yards  wide.  Below  the  cataract  the  river  flows  in  • 
gorge  or  chasm  between  perpendicular  walls  of  rook  which 
are  nearly  250  feet  high,  the  width  of  the  channel  varying 
from  400  to  1200  feet.  The  river  descends  104  feet  between 
the  Falls  and  Lewiston,  a  distance  of  6  or  7  miles.  Two 
noble  suspension-bridges  and  a  cantilever  bridge  cross  the 
river  below  the  cataract,  and  connect  the  railways  which 
converge  at  the  towns  on  the  opposite  banks  of  the  river. 
Geologists  concur  in  the  opinion  that  the  cataract  was  once 
6  miles  nearer  to  Lake  Ontario  than  it  is  now,  the  opinion 
being  held  by  some  that  before  the  existence  of  any  cata- 
ract the  waters  of  the  upper  great  lakes  were  discharged 
through  the  Mississippi  Valley. 

Niagara,  a  western  county  of  New  York,  bordering  on 
Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  on  the  S.  by  Tonawanda  Creek, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Niagara  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating,  and  in  some  places  nearly  level.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian 
corn,  butter,  apples  and  other  fruits,  and  wool.  This  county 
has  quarries  of  fine  Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian), 
which  is  a  good  material  for  building ;  also  beds  of  gypsum. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Erie  Canal  and  by  several  important 
railroads.  The  cataract  of  Niagara  is  on  the  W.  border. 
Capital,  Lockport.     Pop.  in  1880,  54,173;  in  1890,  62,491. 

Niagara,  a  township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  contains  the 
former  villages  of  Suspension  Bridge  and  Niagara  Falls, 
incorporated  in  1892  as  the  city  of  Niagara  Falls.  Pop. 
10,979. 

Niag'ara  (formerly  Newark),  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of 
Niagara,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Niagara  River, 
and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  36  miles  S.  of  To- 
ronto. It  contains  4  churches,  several  stores  and  hotels, 
and  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.  This  is 
one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  province,  and  is  a  favorite 
resort  during  the  summer  months  for  pleasure-  and  health- 
seekers.  In  1813  it  was  burned  down  by  the  American 
General  McClure,  in  his  retreat  from  the  north.  Pop. 
1600. 

Niagara  Falls,  a  city  of  New  York,  in  Niagara  co., 
embracing  the  former  villages  of  Niagara  Falls  and  Suspen- 
sion Bridge,  is  situated  on  the  Niagara  River,  at  the  Falls 
from  which  it  takes  its  name,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  BufTalo, 
and  13  miles  S.  of  Lake  Ontario.  Several  important  rail- 
roads converge  here.  The  city  contains  about  15  churches, 
6  banks,  several  savings-  and  loan-associations,  2  union 
schools,  2  parochial  schools,  a  boys'  school  known  as  De 
Veaux  College,  a  custom-house  (port  of  entry  Suspensioh 
Bridge),  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Two  suspension-bridges  and  a  canti- 
lever bridge  connect  this  city  with  a  town  of  the  same 
name  (formerly  called  Clifton)  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river,  in  Canada.  The  city  was  incorporated  in  1892. 
Pop.  about  1 8,000. 

Niamrei,  ne^&m-ri'  or  ne-im-ri'e,  a  large  village  of 
West  Africa,  26  miles  E.  by  S.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal. 

Nian'gua,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  (within  1  mile)  3  churches. 

Niangua  (or  Big  Niangua)  River,  Missouri,  risec 
in  Webster  co.,  runs  northward  through  Dallas  co.,  and  en- 
ters the  Osage  River  in  Camden  co.,  nearly  2  milea  above 
the  village  of  Linn  Creek.     Length,  about  125  miles. 

Nian'tic,  a  post-village  in  East  Lyme  township,  New 
London  co.,  Conn.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  called  Niantio 
Bay,  and  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  New 
London. 

Niantic,  a  post-village  in  Niantio  township,  Maoon  co., 
111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Decatur,  and 
27  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  warehouse  for  grain.     Pop.  300  ;  of  township,  977. 

Niantic,  a  post-village  in  Westerly  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Charles  River,  and  on  the  Stoning- 
ton  &  Providence  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington, 
Conn.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  2  granite-quarries.     Pop.  266. 

Nias,  or  PoolO'Nias,  poo'-lo-ne^&s',  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  1° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  15'  E.  Length,  70  miles ;  average  breadth, 
16  miles.  It  produces  large  quantities  of  rice,  and  on  ita 
E.  coast  is  a  village  or  town  of  the  same  name. 


NIA 


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NIC 


Niauiuelsakas,  ne-Sw-mil-s&'k&s,  a  waterfall  in 
Sweden,  on  the  Lule4,  laan  of  Norrbotten.  The  river, 
where  it  is  about  400  yards  broad,  precipitates  itself  over 
a  height  of  above  100  yards.  During  winter  an  immense 
arch  of  ice  is  formed  over  the  fall. 

Niaur,  ne-SwK',  or  Angour,  in-goor',  the  most  W.  of 
the  Pelew  Islands,  North  Pacific.  Lat.  6°  53'  55"  N.;  Ion. 
134°  5'  24"  E.     Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  about  4  miles. 

Niazepetrovsk,  ne-4-zi-pi-trovsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Perm,  on  the  Oofa,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Krasno-Oofimsk.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Nibbiano,  nib-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  S. 
of  Piaoenza.     Pop,  of  commune,  4192. 

Nibe,  nee'bi,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Aalborg,  on  the  Lym-Fiord.     Pop.  1496, 

Nib'Iett's  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Sabine  River,  15  miles  above  Orange,  Tex, 

Nicaeaf  the  ancient  name  of  Nice. 

Nicaea,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor,     See  Izkeee. 

Nicaragua,  nik-ar-&'gw&,  a  republic  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, having  W.  the  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  the  Caribbean  Sea,  N, 
the  republic  of  Honduras,  and  S.  Costa  Rica.  Area,  about 
49,500  square  miles.  The  Bay  of  Conohagua,  on  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  separates  it  from  Salvador.  A  range  of  hills 
runs  along  its  W.  coast  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles  from 
the  sea,  attaining  no  great  height  until  they  approach  the 
confines  of  Costa  Rica,  where  they  rise  to  an  elevation 
of  from  5000  to  11,000  feet.  Between  this  ridge  and  the 
lakes  of  Nicaragua  and  Leon  the  land  is  moderately  level ; 
but  along  the  borders  of  Honduras  and  Salvador  lofty 
ridges  again  occur,  running  in  various  directions.  The 
central  part  of  the  state  is  occupied  by  a  vast  plain,  com- 
prising the  lake  of  Nicaragua.  There  are  several  volcanoes 
in  the  state,  all  towards  the  sea,  standing  alone,  or  but 
slightly  connected  with  the  main  ridge,  but  none  of  them 
are  of  any  great  elevation.  There  are  numerous  rivers, 
but  none,  except  the  San  Juan,  are  of  much  navigable  im- 
portance. The  lakes  are  Nicaragua  and  Leon  or  Managua. 
Veins  of  silver  and  copper  exist  in  many  parts,  but  they 
remain  almost  all  either  unexplored  or  only  superficially 
worked.     Gold  is  considerably  wrought. 

The  climate  is,  on  the  whole,  healthy,  though  various. 
In  the  interior  and  mountainous  parts  the  temperature  is 
more  dry  and  cool  than  on  the  coasts,  where  it  is  hot  and 
rather  approaching  to  humid.  By  far  the  greater  portion 
of  Nicaragua  consists  of  plains  and  gentle  slopes,  formed 
of  a  rich  black  loam.  The  productions  are  indigo,  sugar, 
coflfee,  cacao,  and  cotton.  Maize,  rice,  beans,  and  plantains, 
the  staple  food  of  the  people,  are  raised  in  abundance. 
Some  wheat,  also,  is  grown  in  the  mountainous  and  cooler 
parts  of  the  country.  Fruits  of  various  kinds  are  plenti- 
ful, including  excellent  oranges  and  lemons.  Of  cattle 
there  are  great  numbers  in  all  parts,  particularly  in  the 
districts  on  the  E.  side  of  the  lake,  where  extensive  and 
excellent  pasturage  is  met  with.  The  chief  exports  are 
indigo,  Brazil  wood,  hides  and  skins,  mahogany,  coffee, 
sarsaparilla,  &o.  The  revenue  is  stated  at  $1,750,000,  and 
the  expenditure  at  about  $2,235,000.  The  imports  are 
chiefly  from  Great  Britain  and  North  America,  though 
some  silks,  gloves,  and  wines  are  received  from  France,  and 
linens  and  glass-wares  from  Germany;  the  other  imports 
are  chiefly  from  Peru,  Chili,  Ac.  The  chief  cities  are 
Leon,  Granada,  Managua,  the  capital,  and  Nicaragua. 
Principal  port,  Realejo.     Pop.  in  1 890,  282,845. 

Nicaragua,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Nicaragua,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Nicaragua,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Granada. 
Pop,  upwards  of  8000.    See  Lake  Nicaragua. 

Nicaragua,  San  Juan  de.    See  Grey  Town. 

Nicaria,  or  Nikaria,  ne-ki-ree'i  (anc.  Jc'arus  or 
Ica'ria),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  belonging 
to  Turkey,  12  miles  W.  of  Samoa.  Area,  50  square  miles. 
It  is  famous  in  mythology  for  the  death  near  it  of  Icarus 
after  his  reputed  aerial  flight  (whence  its  name). 

Nicasio,  ne-kash'e-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marin  co.. 
Gal.,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  53  miles  N,N,W, 
of  San  Francisco.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  township,  592. 

Nicastro,  ne-k4s'tro,  a  straggling  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Catanzaro,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Apennines,  24 
miles  S.  of  Cosenza,  Pop,  13,181,  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
outside  of  which  are  many  olive-grounds  and  orchards, 
and  near  it  are  some  mineral  baths.     It  is  a  bishop's  see, 

Nicavari,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands.    See  Cahorta. 

Nic'cora,  a  pcst-ofifice  of  San  Juan  co.,  Col. 

Nice,  neess  (It.  Nizza^rAi'ik;  anc.  Nicee'a),a,n  episcopal 
eity  and  seaport  of  France,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Paillon,  98  miles  by  rail  E.N.B.  of  Toulon, 
and  98  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Turin,     Lat,  43°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  1° 


17'  E,  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  small  plain,  which  it 
almost  covers,  at  the  foot  of  the  Maritime  Alps.  The  waters 
of  the  Mediterranean  wash  its  walls  on  the  S. ;  on  the  N. 
and  the  E.  the  mountains  enclose  it  in  the  form  of  an  am- 
phitheatre. The  highest  in  the  rear  is  crowned  by  an  old 
castle  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls.  The  city  is  divided  into 
the  old  and  the  new  town.  The  streets  of  the  former  are 
narrow  and  mean-looking,  compared  with  those  of  the  lat- 
ter, in  which  the  houses  are  handsome,  being  more  modern, 
and  painted  externally  in  fresco.  Nice  has  two  noble 
squares,  one  of  them  surrounded  with  porticos ;  and  adja- 
cent to  the  other  is  a  raised  terrace,  which  serves  a£  a  de- 
fence for  the  town  against  the  sea,  and  affords  a  delightful 
promenade.  The  cathedral  church  is  in  the  ordinary  Ital- 
ian style.  There  are  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  a  public  library, 
baths,  &Q.  Nice  possesses  some  silk-,  cotton-  and  paper- 
mills,  many  oil-mills,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  leather, 
soap,  wine,  essences,  inlaid  work,  Ac.  The  harbor  or  port 
lies  three-fourths  of  a  mile  E.  of  the  Paillon ;  it  is  small, 
and  open  to  the  S.E.  Between  the  piers  there  is  a  depth 
of  only  15  feet  of  water.  The  exports  consist  principally 
of  wine,  olive  oil,  silk,  essences,  perfumes,  Ac.  Nice  \» 
noted  for  its  mild,  equable,  and  salubrious  climate,  and  ia 
a  favorite  winter  resort  of  foreigners,  particularly  English, 
whose  numbers  are  estimated  at  from  5000  to  6000,  besides 
Germans  and  Russians.  It  was  ceded,  with  some  adjacent 
territory,  to  France  in  1861,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Alpes-Maritimes,     Pop,  (1891)  88,273, 

Nice,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Izneek. 

Nicephorium,  the  ancient  name  of  Rakka. 

Nicer,  the  ancient  name  of  Neckar. 

Nicero,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Nisari, 

Nice'town,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Railroad  (Germantown  A  Chestnut  Hill 
Branch),  4.4  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia, 

Nicholas,  nik'o-las,  a  county  in  the  N.E,  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  190  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Licking  River,  and  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  South  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Cariisle,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9129;  in  1880, 
11,869;  in  1890,  10,764. 

Nicholas,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Qauley  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S,W,  by 
the  Meadow  and  Kanawha  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  high  elevations,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  In  the  N.  part  of  this  county  are  the  Powell 
and  the  Birch  Mountains.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Nicholas  Court-Housc. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4458;  in  1880,  7223;  in  1890,  9309. 

Nicholas,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co,,  Kansas, 

Nicholas  Court-House,  or  Sum'mersville,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  45  miles 
E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Nich'olasville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jessamine 
CO.,  Ky.,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  is  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  91  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  8  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  l9ank,  the  Bethel  Academy,  a  female 
institute,  and  2  hemp-factories.     Pop.  in  1S90,  2157. 

Nichols,  nik'flz,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
South  Platte  River  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  North  Platte.     Elevation,  2882  feet. 

Nichols,  a  post- village  in  Nichols  township,  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  from  Smithborough 
Station  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  about  8  miles  S,W.  of 
Owego.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  281 ;  of 
the  township,  1687. 

Nichols,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Little  Pedee  River,  and  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A 
Augusta  Railroad,  73  miles  W.  of  Wilmington, 

Nicholson,  nik'91-siin,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Athens. 

Nicholson,  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile 
Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss. 

Nicholson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co,,  Pa.     Pop,  1359. 

Nicholson,  a  post-borough  in  Nicholson  township, 
Wyoming  co,.  Pa.,  on  Tunkhannock  Creek,  and  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  21  miles 
N,N,W.  of  Scranton,  and  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Tunk- 
hannock. It  has  a  newepaper  office,  a  graded  school,  S 
churches,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  in  1890,  734, 


NIC 


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\ID 


Pilicholson  River,  North  Australia,  flows  into  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria  W.  of  Albert  River. 

Nichols  on' 8)  a  station  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  & 
Cleveland  Railroad,  2i  miles  S.  of  Cambridge,  0. 

Nicholson's  Gap,  a  post-oflSce  of  De  Kalb  oc,  Ala. 

Nicholson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  oo.,  N.C. 

Nicholson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Nicholsonville,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Nichol  Station,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  oo.,  Iowa, 
in  Pike  township,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  and  17  miles 
W.  of  Muscatine.     It  has  4  churches. 

Nicholsville,  nik'olz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont 
CO.,  0.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Nicholville,  nik'91-vil,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Lawrence  township,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  18 
miles  E.  of  Potsdam.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Nick'eli's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  00.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  from  Fort  Spring  Depot.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Nick'el  Mines,  minz,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  00., 
Pa.,  in  Bart  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Kinzer's  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  and  mines  of  nickel,  cobalt,  &o. 

Nick'elsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
from  Abingdon.     It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores.  Pop.  108. 

Nickerie,  nik'k§h-ree\  a  district  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
forming  the  W.  portion  of  Surinam,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Corentyn  and  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic.  It  is  chiefly  in- 
habited by  English  and  Scotch  settlers. 

Nick'erson,  a  post-village  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  near 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa 
F4  Railroad,  42i  miles  W.  of  Newton.     Pop.  (1890)  1662. 

Nickerson,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.  of  Fremont.     It  has  an  elevator  for  grain. 

Nickleville,  nik'^l-vil,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co., 
Pa.,  in  Richmond  township,  11  or  12  miles  S.E.  of  Frank- 
lin, and  8  miles  N.  of  Emlenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Nickolai,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Nikolai. 

Nicktown,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.    See  Saint  Nicholas. 

Nick'ville,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Nic^obar'  Islands  (called  by  the  Malays,  Poolo  Sam- 
billong,  poo'lo  sim-bil-long',  "  Nine  Islands"),  a  group  of 
islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  be- 
tween lat.  6°  40'  and  9°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  92°  50'  and  94°  E. 
They  constitute,  with  the  Andamans,  the  extension  of  the 
great  volcanic  band  of  Sumatra  and  Java.  In  the  S.  group. 
Great  Nicobar  has  an  area  of  1268  square  miles,  and  Little 
Nicobar  86  square  miles.  Camorta,  Chowry,  and  the  other 
islands  of  the  N.  group  are  all  smaller.  They  are  all  cov- 
ered with  trees,  and  very  fertile,  yielding  in  abundance 
cocoa-nuts,  oranges,  sugar,  tobacco,  and  bamboos.  The  ani- 
mals comprise  scorpions,  crocodiles,  serpents,  rats,  pigs, 
dogs,  and  cats.  Mean  annual  temperature,  70°  Fahrenheit. 
The  islands  are  exposed  to  hurricanes ;  the  rainy  season 
lasts  for  nine  months,  and  the  unusual  phenomenon  of  fre- 
quent rain  in  the  dry  season  (from  December  to  February) 
renders  them  very  unhealthy.  Repeated  attempts  at  col- 
onization have  failed,  on  account  of  the  prevalence  of  fever. 
The  group  belongs  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  Indian  govern- 
ment has  a  penal  colony  at  Nancowry.  The  natives  are  of 
Malay  stock.     Pop.  6000. 

Nicode'mus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas, 
19  miles  W.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  church. 

Nic'ojack,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn. 

Nicolas  d'Aliermont,  nee-koMi'  d4rie-4R^m6No',  a 
town  of  France,  Seine-Inf6rieure,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Dieppe. 
Pop.  2295.     It  has  manufactures  of  chronometers. 

Nic^ola'us,  a  post-village  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal.,  in  Nioo- 
laus  township,  on  Feather  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Marysville. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  about  50  houses.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  799. 

Nicolet,  nik^Mi',  a  county  of  Quebec.  Area,  595 
square  miles.  The  Becancour  River  intersects  this  county, 
and  the  St.  Lawrence  washes  its  N.  shore.  Capital,  Becan- 
cour.    Pop.  23,262. 

Nicolet,  a  post-village  in  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles 
from  St.  Gregoire,  and  81  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
has  15  stores,  2  saw-  and  2  flouring-mills,  a  boot-  and  shoe- 
factory,  and  a  college  with  a  library  containing  10,000 
volumes.     Pop.  1200. 

Nicolet  Falls,  a  village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec,  2 
miles  from  Danville.  It  h&a  a  broom-handle-faotory,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store.     Pop.  200. 

Nicollet,  nik'ol-let  (Fr.  pron.  nik^'li'),  a  county  in 
the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  455  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  and  the  E.  by  the  Min- 
nesota River,  which  runs  southeastward  to  the  S.  extremity 


of  this  county,  and  there  makes  a  great  bend,  below  which 
its  direction  is  nearly  northward.  The  surface  is  undulat- 
ing, and  is  diversifiejl  with  prairies,  woodlands,  and  lakes. 
Of  these  last.  Swan  Lake  is  the  largest.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  Fine  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis A  Omaha  Railroad,  which  meet  at  St.  Peter,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,333  ;  in  1890, 13.382. 

Nicollet,  a  hamlet  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  2  or  3  miles  from  Nicollet  Station.  It 
has  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  plough-factory.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the 
N.W.  by  Swan  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  851. 

Nicollet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  near  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Peter. 

Nicolosi,  ne-ko-lo'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  3114. 

Nic'olston,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Nottawasaga  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Angus.  It  has 
woollen-  and  grist-mills,  and  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Nicomedia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ismeeo. 

Nicon'za,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in  Perry 
township,  3  miles  from  Roanu  Station,  and  about  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Peru.     It  has  2  churches. 

Nicopolis,  ne-kop'o-lis,  Nicopoli,  ne-kop'o-le,  or 
Nicopol,  ne-ko'p^l  (anc.  Nicop'olu  ad  la'trum),  a  town 
of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Danube,  56  miles  W.  of  Roostchook. 
Pop.  estimated  at  10,000.  It  was  founded  by  Trajan,  and 
occupies  a  height  enclosed  by  ramparts,  mounting  large 
cannon,  and  further  defended  by  a  castle.  It  hsis  some 
large  edifices,  mosques,  baths,  &e.,  but  is  generally  ill  built. 

Nicop'olis,  an  ancient  city  of  Epirus ;  its  remains,  con- 
sisting of  a  theatre  and  an  amphitheatre,  are  situated  about 
3  miles  N.  of  Prevesa. 

Nicopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  AuoAS. 

Nicopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Devrishi. 

Nicosia,  ne-ko-see'a,  a  city  of  Sicily,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Castrogiovanni.  Pop.  14,789.  It  has  several  churches  and 
convents,  a  few  manufactures,  and  a  trade  in  the  cattle 
and  corn  of  the  fertile  surrounding  district. 

Nicosia,  the  capital  city  of  Cyprus.     See  Lefkosia. 

Nicotera,  ne-ko-ti'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  near  the  Gulf  of  Gioja,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Tropea. 
Pop.  6347.  It  consists  of  an  upper  town,  with  a  castle  and 
a  palace,  and  a  lower  town,  inhabited  by  fishermen.  It  wu 
partially  destroyed  by  the  earthquake  of  1783. 

Nicoya,  ne-ko'y&,  a  peninsula,  bay,  river,  and  two  towns 
of  Costa  Rica,— the  peninsula  in  lat.  9°  40'  N.,  Ion.  85°  W., 
bounding  westward  the  bay  which  receives  the  river ;  and 
the  two  towns  respectively  76  miles  W.N.W.  and  96  miles 
W.  of  Cartago ;  the  latter  with  a  pop.  of  3000. 

Nicsic,  a  town  of  Montenegro.     See  Nikish. 

Nictaux  (nikHo')  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Nictaux  River,  6  miles  from  Wil- 
mot.     It  contains  5  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Nictheroy,  nik-ti-ro'e,  or  Praia  Grande,  prl'i 
gr&n'djb,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  bay  and  5  miles  E.  of  the 
city  of  Rio  Janeiro.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  and  was  once  the  capital  of  Brazil. 

Nicnman,  ne-koo-m&n',  or  Nimen,  ne-min',  a  river, 
of  the  territory  of  Amoor,  rises  near  lat.  52°  N.,  flows 
S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Amoor.     Length,  about  220  miles. 

Nida,  nee'di,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  flowing  S.S.E., 
joins  the  Vistula  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  76  miles. 

Nidaros,  or  Nidrosia.    See  Tbondhjkm. 

Nidan,  or  Nydan,  nee'dSw,  a  town  of  Switserland, 
canton  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  Lake  of  Bienne.  1 

Nidda,  nid'di,  a  river  of  Germany,  flows  S.W.  60  miles, 
and  joins  the  Main  at  Hochst,  6  miles  W.  of  Frankfort. 

Nidda,  a  walled  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-Hessen,  on  the 
Nidda,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1763. 

Nidder,  nid'd^r,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Hesse, 
flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Nidda  7  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort. 
Total  course,  45  miles. 

Nidech,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Niodbh. 

Nid-£l  V,  nid-4lv,  a  river  of  Norway,  afler  a  S.W.  coarse 
of  70  miles,  falls  into  the  Skager-Raok  opposite  TromBe. 

Nidgull,  nid'giill',  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Mysore, 
46  miles  E.  of  Chitteldroog. 

Nidoki,  ne-do'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
49  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Nidor'os,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  00.,  Minn.   Pop.  18*. 

Nidam,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Neath. 


NI£ 


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NIE 


Niebia^  ne-i'Bl4  (anc.  Ilipa  ?),  a  decayed  town  of  Spain, 

Srovince  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva,  on  the  Rio  Tinto. 
[ear  it  are  extensive  copper-mines. 

Nied)  ne-i',  a  river  of  Lorraine  and  Rhenish  Prussia, 
commencing  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Metz,  flows  N.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Saar.     Length,  45  miles. 

Nieder^  nee'd^r,  a  German  word,  signifying  "  lower," 
prefixed  to  the  names  of  numerous  places  in  Germany,  as 
NiBDER  Wbsel,  Nieder  Ingelheiu,  Ac.  For  those  not 
ndermentioned  see  additional  name. 

Nieder  Bludowitz,  Austria.    See  Blddowitz. 

Niederbronn,  nee'd^r-bronn^  (Fr.  pron.  ne-4M4R*- 
bronn'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  26  miles  N.W,  of 
Strasburg,  Pop.  2830.  It  is  situated  in  a  valley  of  the 
Vosges  Mountains,  and  has  well-frequented  mineral  springs, 
also  establishments  for  preparing  steel  and  bar  iron,  heavy 
articles  of  machinery,  and  large  pieces  of  artillery. 

Niedergrand)  nee'dQr-gr&nt\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  61 
miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2611. 

Niederhall,  nee'd^r-h&ir,  or  Niedernhall*  nee'd^rn- 
h&ir,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Jaxt,  bailiwick  of 
KUnzelsau,  on  the  Eocher.     Pop.  1401. 

Nieder-Hessen,  nee'd^r-his's^n  ("Lower  Hesse"),  a 
former  province  of  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  now  a  part 
of  the  province  of  Hesse-Nassau,  Prussia. 

NiederhoflT,  nee'd^r-hsr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Bidschow.     Pop.  2150. 

Niederlande.    See  Netherlands. 

Nieder  Lichtenau,  Prussia.    See  Lichtbnau. 

Niederrad,  nee'd^r-r&t^  a  village  of  Prussia,  near 
Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  3523. 

Nieder  ReichstUdt,  Saxony.    See  RBicBsriiDT. 

Nieder  Sellers^  nee'd^r  sdl't^rs,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse- Nassau,  23  miles  N.  of  Mentz.  It  is  famous  for 
its  springs,  which  furnish  the  well-known  Seltzer  water. 

Niederstetteu,  nee'd^r-stdt^t^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg, 9  miles  S.E.  of  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1857. 

Niederstotzingeii)  nee'd^r-stot^sing-^n,  a  village  of 
Wiirtemberg,  between  the  Danube  and  the  IJrenz.    P.  1169. 

Nieder  Ullersdorf)  nee'd^r  SSl'l^rs-doRf ',  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Koniggr'atz.     Pop.  1200. 

Nieder  Wesel,  nee'd^r  itk'z^X,  or  Wesel,  ^i'z^l,  a 
frontier  and  strongly  fortified  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  32 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  here  joined  by  the  Lippe.  Pop.  19,104  (besides  the 
garrison),  mostly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
and  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  and  tobacco,  in  distilleries  and 
breweries,  and  in  an  active  trade  on  the  rivers.  Its  port  is 
convenient,  and  packets  ply  between  it  and  Amsterdam. 
The  Romans  had  a  fortined  post  here,  and  the  town  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  Hanscatic  League.  Since  1S15  its 
defences  have  been  strengthened  by  the  erection  of  Fort 
Bliicher,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Rhine. 

Niederzwehren^  nee'd^r-ts^^^r^n,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, circle  of  Caasel.     Pop.  1587. 

Niederzwdnitz,  nee'd^r-ts^o^nits,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
circle  of  Zwickau,  near  the  town  of  Zwonitz.     Pop.  2482. 

Niedorp,  nee'doRp,  Nibuwb,  nyii'^^^h,  and  Oudb, 
fiw'd^h,  two  contiguous  villages  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Alkmaar.   United  pop.  2565. 

Niefern,  nee'f^m,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  on 
the  Enz,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1695. 

Niegoldstown,  nee'goldz-tSwn,  a  post-office  and  min- 
ing-camp of  San  Juan  co..  Col.,  150  miles  from  Garland 
Railroad  Station.  Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here.  It  has 
a  quartz-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Nieheim,  nee'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Paderborn.     Pop.  1563. 

Niehl)  neel,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  2210. 

NicuiU)  or  Nieshin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nezheen. 

Niel,  neel,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  10  miles 
B.  by  W.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Rupel.     Pop.  3600. 

Niella-Tanaro,  ne-Sl'li  ti-ni'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
Coni,  1 6  miles  N.E.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.    Pop.  2137. 

Niemeczyn,  ne-4-mitch'in,  written  also  Niement- 
chill)  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Vilna.     Pop.  1800. 

Niemegk,  nee'mdk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2299. 

Niemen,  nee'm^n  (Pol.  pron.  nyim'^n;  Fr.  Niimen, 
ne-i^mSn'),  or  Memel^  mdm'^l  or  mi'mdl  (ano.  Ghronu»  f), 
a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  rises  in  the  government  of  Minsk, 
flows  N.W.  through  the  government  of  Grodno,  between 
Vilna  and  Augustowo,  and  through  East  Prussia,  and,  under 
the  name  of  the  Memel,  enters  the  Curische-Haff  by  the 
Ross  and  Gilge  mouths,  30  miles  W.  of  Tilsit,  after  a  total 


course  estimated  at  400  miles.  Principal  affluents,  the 
Yilia  and  Szeszuppe.  It  is  the  main  channel  for  the 
trade  of  Lithuania  and  Volhynia.  Near  Grodno  a  canal 
connects  it  with  the  Bober  and  Vistula. 

Niementchin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nikmbceth. 

NiemeS)  ne-i'mis,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Buntzlau.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  doth,  paper, 
and  calico.     Pop.  4473. 

NiemiroWy  ne-&-me-rov',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
25  miles  W.  of  Zolkiew.     Pop.  1718. 

Niemokstzy)  ne-&^mokst'zee,  or  Niemokchtyj  ne- 
i^moksh'tee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Vilna,  16 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rossiena. 

Nienbarg)  neen'bSSRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Hanover,  on  the  Weser,  here  joined  by 
the  Meerbach,  and  on  the  Hanover  &  Bremen  Railway. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  vinegar,  some  trade  in 
timber,  and  a  transit  trade  by  the  river.     Pop.  5655. 

Nienburg  Monch,  neen'bSSRO  mdnK,  or  Klo8ter« 
Nieuburg)  klos'tfr-neen'bofiRO,  a  walled  town  of  Ger- 
many, duchy  of  Anhalt,  on  the  Saale,  here  joined  by  the 
Boder,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Kothen.     Pop.  3891. 

Nieppes,  ne-dpp',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  13  miles 
E.  of  Hazebrouok.     Pop.  1653. 

Niers,  neens,  or  Neers^  n^RS,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia and  the  Netherlands,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  60  miles 
joins  the  Mouse  2  miles  W.  of  Gennep. 

Nierstein,  neeR'stine,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Rhine,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mentx. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  2866. 

Nieshill)  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Nezbeek. 

Nieaky,  ne-is'kee,  a  Moravian  colony  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gorlitz.     Pop.  1222. 

Niesoochatschi.ne-i-soo-K&t'shee,  written  alsoNie- 
sachatschi  and  Neisoukhovii*  a  town  of  Russia, 
Volhynia,  10  miles  N.N.B.  of  EoveL     Pop.  1500. 

NieswieZf  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nesvizh. 

Nieto,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Neto. 

Nieukirk,  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Nedkirchbn. 

Nienport,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  NiBmvpoosT. 

Nieaw,  nyiii^,  or  Nieuwe,  nyU'^^h,  a  Dutch  word, 
signifying  "  new,"  forming  the  prefix  of  various  names  in 
the  Netherlands,  as  Nieuwpoort  (i.e.,  "  New  Port"),  Ac. 

Nieuwe-Diep,  Het  Nieuwe-Diep,  hit  nyii'^^h- 
deep,  or  Willemsoord,  ^^il'l^m-soRd,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  about  1  mile  E.  of  Helder, 
at  the  entrance  to  the  Amsterdam  Ship-Canal. 

Nieawendam,  nyii'^^^n-d&m',  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Holland,  S.S.W.  of  Hoorn.     Pop.  1187. 

Nieuwenhoorn,  nyii'^^n-hSuN^  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Briel. 

Nienwer  Amstelf  Netherlands.    See  Ahstel. 

Nieuwerkerk-in-Duiveland,  nyil'^Qr-k^RK^  in 
doi'v£h-I&nt\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  3 
miles  E.  of  Zierikzee.     Pop.  1267. 

Nieuwerkerk'Op-den-Yssel,  nyii'^^r-kdRS^  op 
ddn  is's^I,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2197. 

Nieuwerkirken,  nyii'^^^r-kc^Rs'^n,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  East  Flanders,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     P.  2600. 

Nieawkerk,  a  town  of  Netherlands.    See  Ntkbrk. 

Nieuwkoop,  nyii^'kSp,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  12  miles  E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  2526. 

Nieuwkuik,  nyii^'koik,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  6  miles  W.  of  Bois-le-Duc. 

Nieuwolde,  nyii'^ord^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  17  miles  E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  1875. 

Nieuwpoort,  nyii^'port,  sometimes  called  in  English 
New'port  (Fr.  Nieuport,  ne-uh'poR' ;  L.  No'vus  Por'tua), 
a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the 
Yperlee,  near  its  mouth  in  the  North  Sea,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Ostend.  Pop.  3690,  engaged  in  ship-building,  rope-making, 
and  fishing.  A  navigable  canal  connects  it  with  Ostend 
and  Bruges.     It  is  a  railway  terminus  and  a  bathing-place. 

NieuAVpoort,  nyiK^'port,  a  small  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  on  the  Lech,  16  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam. 

Nieuw-Rhode,  or  Nienwrode,  nyii^-ro'd^h,  a 
village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1080. 

Nieuwstad,  nyii^'st&tt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Limburg,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Maestrioht. 

Nieuwveld)  nyii^'vilt,  a  mountain-range  of  South 
Africa,  Cape  Colony,  between  lat.  32°  and  33°  S.,  and  up- 
wards of  10,000  feet  in  elevation. 

Ni6vre,  ne-aivr',  a  river  of  France,  in  Niftvre,  flows  S., 
and  joins  the  Loire  at  Nevers.     Length,  25  miles. 

Ni^vrey  a  department  in  the  centre  of  France,  formed 


NIF 


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of  the  old  province  of  Nivernois  and  part  of  Orl^annois. 
Area,  2695  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  343,581.  Surface 
mountainous  and  infertile  in  the  E.,  but  there  are  rich 
plains  in  the  W.  It  is  watered  by  the  Loire  and  its  afflu- 
ent the  AUier,  which  separates  it  from  the  departments  of 
Cher  and  Allier.  The  Yonne  rises  in  the  department,  and 
the  Canal  of  Nivernois  (Nivernais)  connects  it  with  the 
Loire.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  mines  of  iron,  coal,  and 
copper.  Chief  industry  in  iron-  and  steel-works.  Here 
are  manufactures  of  linen,  glass,  hardware,  porcelain,  wine, 
leather,  cutlery,  Ac.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Nevers,  Ch^teau-Chinon,  Clameoy,  and 
Cosne.     Capital,  Nevers. 

Niffii)  a  kingdom  of  Africa.     See  Nyff^. 

Nigdeh,  nig'd^h,  Nikde,  nik'd^h,  or  Nidech,  nee'- 
dech  (anc.  Gadyna  ?),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  47  miles  N.E. 
of  Ereglee.  Pop.  5000.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  pasha, 
and  has  3  fortresses,  some  mosques,  a  Turkish  college,  and 
various  antiquities.  The  plain  of  Nigdeh  extends  S.W. 
from  it  for  about  50  miles. 

Niger,  ni'j^r,  or  Quor'ra,  written  also  Kwara,  Ko- 
AVara,and  Kouara  (anc.  Ni'geir,  Ni'gir,  or  Ni'gria ;  Gr. 
Niyip,  or  Niyeip),  called  Joliba,  jol'e-b4,  in  the  upper  part 
of  its  course,  a  great  river  of  Western  Africa,  rises  in  the 
country  of  the  Mandingos,  N.  of  the  Kong  Mountains, 
about  lat.  8°  N.,  Ion.  9°  W.,  and,  flowing  N.  and  N.E.  to- 
wards the  desert,  afterwards  turns  S.E.  and  S.,  and  enters 
the  sea  through  many  mouths  in  the  Bight  of  Benin.  At 
its  source  it  is  called  Tembie,  that  is,  "  water,"  in  the  Kisse 
language,  but  lower  down,  in  Bambarra,  it  is  entitled 
Babaa,  "Great  River,"  or  Joliba,  that  is,  the  river  of  the 
Joli,  or  Red  Men,  who  are  the  inhabitants  of  Joli-nkendu 
(Red  Man's  Land),  the  Jallonkandoo  of  Park.  It  becomes 
navigable  at  Bammakoo,  100  miles  above  Sego  in  Bam- 
barra. Lower  down  it  enters  a  level  country,  and  divides 
into  several  arms  enclosing  extensive  islands,  on  one  of 
which  stands  Jenne,  or  properly  Gin6wa,  the  great  em- 
porium of  Negroland,  and  from  which  the  whole  country 
has  derived  its  commercial  name,  Guinea.  The  river  then 
enters  a  territory  in  which  the  Foolahs,  or  Fellatah,  are  the 
rulers,  within  the  domain  of  which  the  river  is  called  Issa. 
In  its  course  down  to  Jenne  the  Joliba  receives  several 
accessions  from  the  S.  Farther  on  it  turns  northward, 
crossing  Debo  (or  Blackwater)  Lake,  and  receiving  on  the 
right  numerous  streams.  At  Eabra,  the  port  of  Timbuctoo, 
it  probably  reaches  its  highest  latitude  (about  17°  N.) ;  it 
then  runs  E.  along  the  desert  to  the  frontiers  of  Houssa. 

In  the  Houssa  country  the  great  river  is  known  as  the 
Gulbi-nkowdra,  that  is,  the  "  River  Kwdra,"  or  Kowdra, 
and  farther  S.,  in  Nyff6,  where  it  is  often  a  league  wide  or 
more,  it  is  entitled  the  sea  or  lake  of  Nyff6,  or  Kwdra.  A 
very  active  commerce  here  animates  the  broad  waters  of 
the  Quorra.  Through  Houssa  and  NyfiF6  flow  several  streams 
from  the  heights  which  divide  those  countries  from  Borneo, 
while  on  the  western  side,  through  Guinea  and  Bergoo,  the 
Ew&ra  receives  the  small  rivers  which  descend  from  the 
mountains  of  the  Songay.  At  the  southern  extremity  of 
NyS"6  (lat.  7°  46'  N.)  the  Niger  unites  with  its  chief  tribu- 
tary, the  Benuwe,  a  navigable  stream  from  Adamawa. 
The  united  stream  then  flows  S.  by  W.  between  Yariba  on 
its  right  bank  and  Attah  on  the  left ;  and  here  it  is  called 
Ujimini  Fufu,  or  White  Water;  the  Benuwe  being  styled 
Ujimini  Dudu,  or  Black  Water.  The  delta  of  the  Niger 
commences  near  Aboh,  about  80  miles  above  the  sea.  It 
has  22  mouths.  It  is  supposed  that  the  Niger  is  connected 
with  the  Calabar  by  Cross  River,  and  it  is  certain  that  on 
the  W.  there  are  navigable  channels  from  it  to  Warree  and 
Benin.  The  whole  course  of  the  great  river  from  its  source 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Nun,  without  regard  to  sinuosities,  is 
about  2000  miles,  and  if  traced  through  all  its  windings 
it  would  fall  little  short  of  3000.  It  was  descended  by 
Muugo  Park  from  Sego  to  Boossa,  a  distance  on  the  river 
probably  of  from  1500  miles  to  1800  miles,  and  it  has  been 
ascended  from  the  sea  as  far  as  Lever,  40  or  50  miles  from 
Boosaa :  it  is  regularly  traversed  for  many  miles  by  British 
steamers.  The  scenery  near  the  delta  is  of  the  wildest 
forest  character. 

Night  Island,  Australia,  is  ofi"  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cape 
York.     Lat.  13°  10'  S.;  Ion.  143°  22'  B. 

Nigritia,  Nigritie,  or  Nigritien.    See  Soodan. 

Nigua,  nee'gw&,  a  small  maritime  town  of  Hayti,  on 
\\i  S.  coast,  10  miles  S.W.  of  San  Domingo,  and  near  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Nigua  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Nignarda,ne-gwaR'd&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
3  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  of  commune,  2002. 

Niguelas,  ne-g^'l&s,  a  hamlet  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  16  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1244. 


Nihau,  nee'hSw',  or  Oneeow,  o-nee^5w',  one  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  lat.  22°  N.,  Ion.  160°  35'  W. 

Niigata,  a  city  of  Japan.     See  Nek-e-Qata. 

Nijar  (Nixar),  or  N^ar-y  -  Hnebro,  ne-aaR'-e- 
HwA'bro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  13  miles  E.N.B. 
of  Almeria.     Pop.  2038. 

N^ehaske,  or  Nyhehaske,  ni'^-h&s'k^h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  2  miles  W.  of  Heeren- 
veen.     Pop.  1454. 

Nijkerk,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Ntkibk. 

Nijniwegen,  Netherlands.    See  Nymweoen. 

Nijni.     For  places  with  this  prefixed  name  see  Nizbnks. 

Nijnii>Novgorod,  Russia.    See  Nizbnee-Notoobod 

Nikaria,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Nicaria. 

Nikde,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Nigdeh. 

Nikish,  nee'kish^  Niksiki,  nik^see'kee,  or  Nic'sic, 
a  village  of  Montenegro,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Cattaro.     P.  4000. 

Nikita,  nee'ke-t&^  (?),  a  village  of  Russia,  in  Uie 
Crimea,  26  miles  S.  of  Simferopol. 

Nikitinskaia,  ne-ke-tin-ski'&,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orenboorg. 

Nikitovka,  or  Nikitowka,  ne-ke-tov'k&,  a  town  of 
Russia,  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kharkov.     Pop.  1600. 

Nikitovka,  or  Nikitowka,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Voro- 
nezh, 30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valooiki. 

Niklasburg,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Nikolsburo. 

Nikobar  Islands.    See  Nicobar  Islands. 

Nikolai,  nik'o-li\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  58 
miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.  It  has  manufactures  of  beer  and 
spoons.     Pop.  5699. 

Nikolaiev,  or  Nikolaiew,  ne-ko-li'4v',  written  also 
Nikolaief,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  government  and  39 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Kherson,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ingul 
and  the  Bug,  20  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  in  the 
estuary  of  the  Dnieper.  Pop.  82,805.  It  was  founded  in 
1790,  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  well  built,  and  is  the  station  of 
a  Russian  admiral  and  fleet.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  town 
hall,  an  admiralty-house,  museums  and  library,  schools  for 

Eilots  and  for  the  daughters  of  soldiers,  an  observatory, 
onpitals,  and  docks. 

Nikolaifsk,  ne-ko-l&'ifsk,  Nikolaevsk,  ne-ko-ll'- 
ivsk,  or  Nikolajewsk,  ne-ko-li'yfivsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Primorsk,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Amoor,  25  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  a  naval 
station,  with  foundries,  dock,  factories,  and  machine-shops. 
It  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  5300. 

Nikolaifsk,  Nikolaevsk,  or  Nikolajevrsk,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  of  Samara,  on  the  Irgis,  a  tributary 
of  the  Volga,  60  miles  E.  of  Volsk.     Pop.  9794. 

Nikolaiken,  nee'ko-irk^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  Lake 
Spirding,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sensburg,     Pop.  2192. 

Nikolaistad,  ne-ko-li'st&d  (formerly  Yasa,  or 
Wasa,  vi'si),  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  the 
laen  of  Vasa,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  56 
miles  N.E.  of  Christianstad.  Lat.  63°  4'  3"  N.  j  Ion.  21° 
43'  E.     Pop.  4981. 

Nik'olsburg  (Ger.  pron.  nee'kols-bSSRO^),  Niklas- 
burg, nee'klis-b65RG\  or  Mikulow,  mee'koo-lov\  a  town 
of  Moravia,  28  miles  S.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  7173,  among 
whom  are  many  Jews.  It  has  a  splendid  castle,  with  a 
library  of  20,000  volumes,  many  valuable  manuscripts,  and 
collections  of  natural  history ;  a  philosophical  academy, 
several  other  public  schools,  and  manofactares  of  woollen 
cloth  and  other  stufis. 

Nikolsk,  ne-kolsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
194  miles  E.  of  Vologda,  on  the  Yoog.     Pop.  1748. 

Nikolskaia,  Nikolskaja,  ne-kol-ski'&,  Stanitza, 
8t&-nit'z&,  or  Novaia-Kargata,  no-vi'i-kaR-g&'ti,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  E.S.E.  of  Orenboorg,  on 
the  Ural.     Pop.  2367. 

Nikooleeno,  Nikoulino,  or  Nikuiino,  ne-koo- 
lee'no,  some  small  places  in  Russia,  government  of  Tver,  E. 
of  Staritza,  and  in  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Mohee- 
lev,  N.E.  of  Babinovitohi. 

Nikopol,  ne-ko'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  67  milea  S.S.W. 
of  Yekaterinoslav,  on  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  9706. 

Nikopoli,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Nicopolis. 

Niksar,  nik^sar'  (ano.  Neociuarea),  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Tokat,  on  the  route  to  Ersroom. 
It  comprises  about  800  houses,  and  has  a  citadel  containing 
the  chief  bazaars  and  buildings. 

Niksiki,  a  village  of  Montenegro.     See  Nikisb. 

Nilab,  neeM&b',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Indus,  a  short  distance  below  Attock.   Lat.  33°  46'  N. 

Nile,  nil  (Fr.  Nile,  neel;  Ger.  Nil,  neel;  Sp.,  It.,  and 
Port.  Nilo,  nee'lo;  Arab.  Bahr  Nil,  bln'r  neel;  anc.  Ni'- 
l\u),  a  great  river  of  East  Africa,  and  the  most  celebrated 


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river  of  the  ancient  world,  is  formed  by  two  head-streams 
— the  Btir-el-Azrek  (or  Blue  River)  and  the  Bahr-el-Abiad 
(or  White  River) — which  unite  at  Khartoom,  lat.  15°  37' 
N.  It  receives  its  last  tributary,  the  Atbara  (anc.  Aatab'- 
orae),  in  lat.  17°  42'  N.,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Atbara  (sometimes  called  the  island  of  Meroe),  and 
thence  flows  N.  in  a  single  stream  without  accession  through 
12  degrees  of  latitude,  or,  following  its  windings,  at  least 
1300  miles,  to  the  sea.  Below  its  junction  with  the  Atbara 
it  has  on  the  W.  the  desert  of  Bahiooda,  on  the  E.  Berber ; 
lower  down  it  forms  several  islands,  one  of  which  bears  the 
name  of  Eandake.  It  then  bends  W.  by  S.,  and  passes  by 
Jebel  Barkal ;  then,  resuming  its  N.  course,  it  enters  the 
plains  of  Dongola,  and  forms  several  islands  of  great  ex- 
tent. Quitting  these  plains  by  a  cataract,  the  river  flows 
through  the  districts  of  Mahas,  Sukkot,  Wady  Kenoos,  and 
Batn-el-Hajar,  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  second  or  great 
eataract,  and,  entering  Egypt  at  Philse,  it  descends  the  last 
(the  first  in  ascending)  cataract  to  Syene  or  Asswan,  in  lat. 
24°  5'  N. 

From  Philas  the  Nile  flows  through  Egypt  in  a  single 
stream  to  lat.  30°  15'  N.,  where  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
leading  respectively  to  Rosetta  (Rasheed)  and  Damietta  (Da- 
miat),  entering  the  sea  in  about  lat.  31°  35'  N.  From  the 
junction  of  its  head-streams  to  its  delta  its  basin,  varying 
in  breadth,  is  formed  by  two  parallel  chains  of  mountains. 
Its  banks  are  generally  elevated  in  Nubia ;  they  are  less  so 
in  Middle  Egypt,  and  absolutely  flat  in  the  delta.  From 
Asswan  to  the  sea  the  average  fall  is  2  inches  to  a  mile,  and 
its  mean  velocity  is  about  3  miles  an  hour.  At  the  delta 
its  waters  spread  out  into  numerous  streams  in  the  form  of 
a  triangle,  extending  at  its  base  on  the  Mediterranean  over 
a  space  of  120  miles,  between  the  W.  or  Rosetta  branch 
and  the  E.  or  Damietta  branch.  The  ordinary  width  of 
the  Nile  in  Egypt  above  the  delta  is  about  700  yards.  The 
branohes  through  the  delta  are  much  narrower,  and  so 
shallow  in  the  dry  season  that  vessels  exceeding  40  tons' 
burden  cannot  pass  through  them. 

As  rain  scarcely  ever  falls  in  the  valley  of  the  Nile  from 
the  18th  nearly  to  the  30th  parallel,  and  very  scantily  oven 
lower  down,  the  river  owes  its  supplies  wholly  to  the  copious 
rains  of  the  countries  wherein  it  rises.  It  begins  to  in- 
crease in  June,  attains  its  greatest  height  about  the  au- 
tumnal equinox,  and  then  subsides  as  gradually  as  it  rose. 
The  ordinary  rise  at  Cairo  is  about  40  feet.  During  the 
flood  a  great  portion  of  the  delta  and  of  the  Valley  of 
Egypt,  higher  up,  is  inundated.  In  Sennaar,  also,  and 
Dongola  extensive  tracts  are  watered  immediately  by  the 
river,  but  in  general  its  banks  above  Egypt  are  irrigated 
by  means  of  the  water-wheel. 

The  Nile  is  the  only  large  African  river  that  discharges 
its  waters  into  the  Mediterranean.  Its  source  has  been  a 
mystery  from  the  earliest  times,  and  many  expeditions  have 
been  sent  to  solve  the  problem  in  vain.  From  the  discov- 
eries of  Captains  Speke  and  Burton,  Sir  Samuel  Baker,  and 
others,  we  are  now  enabled  to  trace  it  from  the  south  of 
the  equator,  where  it  has  been  found  issuing,  a  broad,  clear 
stream,  through  Napoleon  Channel  from  Victoria  Nyanza, 
a  vast  lake  about  230  miles  in  length,  and  as  much  in 
breadth,  3740  feet  above  the  sea.  See  Bahr-el-Abiad,  and 
Bahr-el-Azrek. 

The  alluvium  with  which  the  Nile  is  always  charged, 
especially  during  the  inundation,  is  chiefly  due  to  the  Bahr- 
el-Azrek,  which  brings  down  the  decayed  vegetable  matter, 
and  the  degraded  volcanic  rocks,  from  Abyssinia,  that  make 
the  Nile  the  great  fertilizer  of  Egypt.  The  Nile  is  navi- 
gated by  steamers  in  the  delta,  and  by  barges  as  far  as  the 
second  cataract,-  and  the  navigation  is  remarkably  assisted 
by  the  wind,  which  blows  from  the  N.  during  nine  months 
in  the  year.  Above  the  cataracts  it  is  navigable  (as  well 
as  both  its  main  head-streams)  by  steamers  for  many  miles. 
The  water  of  the  river  is  peculiarly  soft  and  sweet;  it 
abounds  in  fish,  and  its  banks  swarm  with  birds,  among 
which  are  vultures,  geese,  quails,  pelicans,  cormorants,  and 
the  sacred  ibis.  The  length  of  the  Nile  in  miles,  measured 
along  its  windings  from  the  Damietta  mouth,  is  to  Cairo 
164,  Sioot  430,  Eeneh  581,  Asswan  774,  first  cataract  779, 
Derr  933,  second  cataract  1029,  third  cataract  1250,  fourth 
cataract  1484,  fifth  cataract  1679,  Atbara  River  1739,  sixth 
cataract  1888,  Khartoom  1948,  Kak  2428,  Bahr-el-Ghazal 
2668,  Gondokoro  3258,  cataract  of  Meru  3361,  Earuma 
Falls  3576,  Ripon  Falls  3766 ;  or  from  the  assumed  source 
of  the  principal  feeder  of  the  Victoria  Nyanza  on  the  E., 
4100  miles. 

Nile,  a  post- village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles 
from  Friendship  Station,  and  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Horn  ells  ville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 


Nil  6)  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  1473.     It  contains  Friendship  and  Buena  Vista. 

Nile,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co„  Ontario,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Goderich.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  100. 

Niles,  nilz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alameda  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  San  Jos6  Branch,  30  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  nursery. 

Niles,  a  post-village  in  Niles  township.  Cook  co.,  111., 

13  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship contains  4  churches,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1791. 

Niles,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1140. 

Niles,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  769. 

Niles,  a  city  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in  Niles  township, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  93  miles 
E.  of  Chicago,  103  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  12  miles  N. 
of  South  Bend,  and  112  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  is  also 
on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Air-Line  division  with  the  main  line,  which  here  crosses 
the  river  on  a  bridge.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  high 
school,  2  or  3  national  banks,  5  flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill, 
a  woollen-factory,  3  foundries,  a  basket-factory,  manufac- 
tures of  furniture,  carriages,  wagons,  sash,  &o.,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.  Abundant  water-power  has  been  obtained  by 
a  dam  across  the  river.  Large  quantities  of  grain,  flour, 
fruit,  and  lumber  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  4197; 
of  the  township,  excluiiing  the  city,  1364. 

Niles,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Caynga  oc,  N.Y., 
about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  The  township  is  bounded 
B.  by  Skaneateles  Lake,  and  W.  by  Owasco  Lake.  It  con 
tains  also  a  hamlet  named  New  Hope.     Pop.  1877. 

Niles,  a  post-village  in  Weathersfield  township,  Trum- 
bull CO.,  0.,  on  the  Alahoning  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Musquito  Creek,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Youngstown,  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Warren.  It  is 
on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  West- 
ern Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Ashtabula  k  Pitts- 
burg and  Painesville  &,  Youngstown  Railroads,  and  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  Niles  &  New  Lisbon  Branch  Rail- 
road. Its  prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  operations 
in  iron  and  bituminous  coal,  which  is  mined  in  the  vicinity. 
It  has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  3  rolling- 
mills,  a  nail-factory,  several  blast-furnaces,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  boilers,  fire- 
bricks, Ac.     Pop.  in   1890,  4289. 

Niles,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis., 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lao. 

Niles  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Niles  township.  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  2  miles  from  Morton  Railroad  Station,  and  about 

14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 
Nilestown,  nilz'tfiwn,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co., 

Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  7  miles  £.  of  London.  It 
contains  several  stores,  a  flax-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Niles  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Middlebury  township, 
Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  A  Antrim  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wellsborough.  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Nilgiri,  nil-ghee'ree,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Orissa. 
Lat.  21°  18.5'-21°  37'  N.;  Ion.  86°  29'-86°  51.6'  E.  Area, 
278  square  miles.  Capital,  Nilgiri,  a  village  15  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Balasore.     ToUl  pop.  33,944. 

Nilkantha,  nil-k&n't'h&,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  37  miles 
N.  of  Khatmandoo.  Lat.  28°  22'  N.;  Ion.  86°  4'  E.  It  i» 
greatly  resorted  to  by  Hindoo  pilgrims. 

Nilo,  or  Nilus,  a  river  of  Egypt.     See  Nile. 

Nil-  Saint -Vincent"  Saint -Martin,  neel-s&ii"- 
viN»^s6N°'-siNo-maRHiN<»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Nil,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1520. 

Nilun,  a  village  of  Thibet.     See  Neelung. 

Nil'wood,  a  post-village  in  Nilwood  township,  Ma- 
coupin CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  29  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  a  fine  school-house.  Coal  is  found  here. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1211. 

Nimal,  nee^mill',  a  town  of  the  Bunnoo  district,  India. 
Pop.  5010. 

Nimar,  ne'mar',  written  also  Nemaar,  ne^mawr',  a 
district  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  Nerbudda  division,  in 
the  valleys  of  the  Nerbudda  and  Taptee  Rivers.  Area, 
3340  square  miles.    Chief  town,  Boorhanpoor.     P.  211,176. 

Nimba,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Neemla. 

Nimburg,  nim'b55Ra\  or  Lymburg,lim'bddRa  (Boh. 
Wiczemilow,  <^e-chA'me-lov^),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  an 
island  formed  by  the  Elbe,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  3124. 


NIM 


1999 


NIN 


Nim^gae,  or  Nimeguen.    See  Nymwegen. 

Nimen,  a  river  of  Manohooria.     See  Nicuman. 

NlmeSy  or  Nismes^  neem  (anc.  Nemau'gus),  a  town  of 
Prance,  capital  of  the  department  of  Gard,  on  the  railway 
from  Beaucaire  to  Cette,  and  at  the  head  of  a  branch  line 
to  Alais,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Montpellier,  and  13  miles  W.  of 
Beaucaire.  Pop.  69,898.  The  older  part  is  irregularly 
built;  the  modern  is  well  laid  out  in  straight  and  spacious 
streets.  It  has  an  imposing  Gothic  cathedral,  an  old  cita- 
del, and  a  fine  promenade.  No  town  in  France  has  so 
many  fine  Roman  remains ;  the  most  remarkable  of  these 
are  the  amphitheatre  {lea  Arhies,  liz  iVin'),  437  feet  long, 
332  feet  broad,  and  70  feet  high  ;  the  beautiful  Corinthian 
temple,  called  the  Maison-Carr6e  (mi^s6NB'-kaR^Ri'),  which 
is  restored,  and  the  interior  serves  for  a  museum  of  antiqui- 
ties ;  and  the  ruins  of  a  superb  nymphaeum,  or  bath,  called 
the  Temple  of  Diana;  10  miles  N.E.  are  the  remains  of  a 
magnificent  aqueduct,  called  the  Pont-du-Gard  (pduo-dii- 
gaR).  Ntmes  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  an 
appeal  court  for  the  departments  of  Gard,  LozSre,  and  Vau- 
oluse,  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  chamber  of  com- 
merce and  exchange,  conaeil  de  prud'hommes,  acadimie,  a 
lycie,  a  normal  school,  a  museum,  diocesan  seminary,  schools 
of  design  and  medicine,  a  medical  society,  and  a  public 
library  of  50,000  volumes.  The  manufactures  consist  prin- 
cipally of  silk  and  cotton  goods,  fancy  and  mixed,  such  as 
taffetas,  shawls,  foulards,  tartans,  scarfs,  hosiery,  Ac.  Car- 
pets, also,  are  made  to  a  great  extent.  There  are  likewise 
numerous  tanneries,  foundries,  distilleries,  dye-works,  silk- 
and  other  spinning-mills.  It  has  an  important  trade  in 
wine,  brandy,  and  raw  silk,  for  which  this  town  is  the  great 
entrep8t  of  the  S.  of  France,  vinegar,  oleaginous  seeds, 
medicinal  and  dye  plants,  <fcc.  Nlmes  is  a  very  ancient 
town,  having  been  subjugated  by  the  Romans  120  years 
B.C.;  it  was  successively  ravaged  by  the  Franks,  Vandals, 
and  Normans.  In  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  ruined  by 
civil  and  religious  wars.  It  rose  from  its  ashes  by  the  aid 
of  Francis  I.,  but  in  the  sixteenth  century  it  again  suffered 
on  account  of  its  inhabitants  having  embraced  Protestant- 
ism. In  1815,  on  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons,  it  was 
the  scene  of  a  disgraceful  persecution  of  the  Protestants. 

Nimetzki-Gradetz,  Austria.    See  GrXtz. 

Nimfi,  nim'fee,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  23  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Smyrna.  Near  this  town  is  the  monument  hewn  by 
order  of  Sesostris,  and  described  by  Herodotus.  It  consists 
of  a  gigantic  human  figure  sculptured  on  the  face  of  a  rock. 

Nim'ick,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

NimUshil'len,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.    Pop.  2645. 

Ximishillen  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Portage  co.,  and  runs  southward  to  the  city  of  Canton, 
below  which  it  flows  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Tus- 
carawas River  in  Stark  co. 

Nimisila,  Summit  co.,  0.     See  Manchester. 

Nimla,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Neewla. 

Nimptsch^nimtsh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  29  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Lohe.  Pop.  2069.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  towns  of  Silesia. 

Nim'rod,  a  post-oflSce  of  Perry  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Fourche 
la  Fave,  25  miles  S.  of  Dardanelle. 

Nimwegen,  Netherlands.     See  Nymwegen. 

Nimy-Maisiferes,  nee^mee'-mi^ze-aiR',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  2  miles  N.  of  Mons,  on  the  Haine.    Pop.  2780. 

Nine  Islands,  East  Indies.    See  Sambilan. 

Nine  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
S.AV.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Nine  Mile,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

Nine  Mile  Creek,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  9  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  300. 

Nine  Mile  Prairie,  a  township  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  3679. 

Nine  Mile  River,  a  post-village  in  Hants  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Elmsdale.     Pop.  100. 

Nine  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
in  Bart  township,  about  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster  City. 

Nine  Times,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Ninety  Six,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  75  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
ofiice,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton-gins. 
Pop.  in  1890,  445  ;  of  the  township,  3987. 

Nin'eveh  (L.  Ninus  ;  Gr.  Nivos,  Jiinds),  a  celebrated  city 
of  antiquity,  capital  of  the  Assyrian  Empire  (see  Genesis 
X.  11,  also  Jonah  iii.  3  and  iv.  11),  the  ruins  of  which  are 
situated  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Mosul,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Tigris,  along  which,  and  opposite  to  the  town 
of  Mosul,  it  appears  to  have  extended  for  a  distance  of 


about  18  miles,  with  an  average  breadth  of  12  miles,  con- 
taining an  area  of  not  less  than  216  square  miles.  For 
ages  the  position  of  the  ancient  capital  of  Assyria  was  un- 
known. About  the  commencement  of  the  present  century, 
travellers  had  their  attention  arrested  by  a  series  of  vast 
mounds  along  the  left  bank  of  the  Tigris  and  to  a  consider- 
able distance  inland,  on  what  was  usually  supposed  to  be 
the  site  of  Nineveh.  Their  great  extent,  and  otner  circum- 
stances, led  to  the  conclusion  that  they  probably  occapied 
the  site  of  Nineveh.  No  serious  attempt,  however,  was 
made  to  investigate  the  subject  till  1841,  when  M.  Botta. 
French  consul  at  Mosul,  commenced  operations  on  Kouytin- 
jik,  immediately  opposite  to  that  town.  He  had  only  ob- 
tained a  few  fragments  of  brick  and  alabaster,  when,  on 
information  which  promised  a  richer  harvest,  he  removed 
to  Khorsabad,  about  12  miles  to  the  N.E.,  and  was  soon 
rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  probably  the  first  Assyrian 
edifice  which  had  been  exposed  to  the  view  of  man  since 
the  fall  of  the  Assyrian  Empire.  The  attention  of  Mr. 
Layard,  who  had  travelled  much  in  the  East,  had  pre- 
viously been  directed  to  the  mounds,  and  he  had  resolved 
to  explore  them ;  and  when  the  discoveries  of  M.  Botta 
were  made  known,  after  obtaining  the  necessary  requisites, 
he  proceeded  to  the  lofty  mounds  of  Nimrood  (Nimroud), 
situated  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mosul,  in  the  angle  formed 
by  the  Tigris  and  the  confluence  of  the  Great  Zab,  and 
commenced  his  first  operations.  His  success  was  immediate 
and  complete.  The  excavations  of  the  very  first  day  put 
him  in  possession  of  a  chamber  lined  with  slabs,  in  good 
preservation,  and  covered  with  cuneiform  or  arrow-headed 
inscriptions,  and,  ever  after,  his  treasures  continued  to 
multiply  upon  him.  Among  other  things,  he  discovered 
gigantic  emblematic  figures, — winged  bulls  and  lions  with 
human  heads,  and  winged  sphinxes,  placed  as  guardians 
over  the  entrances  of  magnificent  palaces.  The  fire  by 
which  the  palaces  had  been  destroyed  had  so  calcined  the 
stone  and  other  materials  of  which  they  are  composed  that 
in  many  cases,  on  the  least  exposure  to  the  air,  they 
crumbled  to  pieces,  sometimes  before  even  an  accurate 
sketch  of  them  could  be  obtained ;  and  hence  many  ob- 
jects interesting  as  works  of  art,  and  containing  inscrip- 
tions in  all  probability  still  more  interesting,  were  seen 
only  to  be  lost  forever.  In  other  parts,  and  more  espe- 
cially in  the  N.W.  palace,  where  the  fire  had  not  so  much 
affected  the  buildings,  28  rooms,  in  excellent  preservation, 
were  opened,  and  numerous  bas-reliefs,  figures,  and  orna- 
ments, rich  in  information  as  to  the  state  of  art  and  the 
progress  of  civilization  at  the  period  when  they  were  made, 
were  exhumed.  From  Nimrood  Mr.  Layard  proceeded 
to  Kouyunjik,  where,  if  possible,  he  was  still  more  success- 
ful. In  the  course  of  a  month  9  chambers  were  explored, 
one  of  them  130  feet  long  by  30  feet  wide,  and  equally 
rich  with  those  of  Nimrood  in  bas-reliefs  and  inscriptions. 
In  1847,  Mr.  Layard  returned  to  England ;  but  in  1849 
he  resumed  his  labors,  both  at  Kouyunjik  and  Nimrood, 
and  the  results  of  these  discoveries,  and  of  the  subsequent 
translation  of  the  inscriptions,  have  proved  of  the  highest 
interest  and  of  great  historical  value. 

Nin'eveh,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Nin- 
eveh township,  6  miles  W.  of  Edinburg,  and  about  30  miles 
S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1650. 

Nineveh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  in  Nineveh 
township,  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Macon  City.  It  is 
near  the  Chariton  River,  and  has  a  grist-mill  and  tannery. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  420. 

Nineveh,  a  post-village  in  Colesville  township,  Broome 
and  Chenango  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus  of 
the  Nineveh  Branch  of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad, 
23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
127.     Nineveh  Post-Oflice  is  in  Broome  oo. 

Nineveh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Nineveh,  a  hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cone- 
maugh  River,  about  i  mile  N.  of  Nineveh  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Nineveh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Newtown  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  26. 

Nineveh  Junction,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  where  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Railroad  crosses  the 
Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Nineveh,  N.Y. 

Ning'Heea,  or  Ning-Hia,  ning^-hee'&,  a  dty  of 
China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  near  the  Great  Wall,  210  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Lan-Choo. 

Ning-Kooe,  Ning-Koue,  ning*-koo'A',  or  Ning- 
Kooe-Foo,   Ning-Koue-Fou,  ning^-koo'i^-foo',  • 


NIN 


2000 


NIS 


city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hoei,  on  an  aflSuent  of  the 
Yan^-Uo-Kiang,  75  miles  S.  of  Nanking.  Lat.  31°  N.  j 
Ion.  US'-"  38' E. 

NingO)  ning'go,  a  decayed  Danish  settlement  on  the 
Guinea  coast,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Accra. 

Ningoota^  or  Ningouta^  ning-goo'ti,  a  considerable 
tcwn  of  Manchooria,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Amoor,  145  miles 
N.B.  of  Kirin-Oola.     Pop.  15,000. 

Ning-Po,  formerly  Liampo,  le-im'p5,  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  and  one  of  the  ports  open 
to  foreign  trade,  on  the  Ning-Po  River,  the  mouth  of 
which  is  directly  opposite  Chusan,  95  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Hang-Chow-Foo.  Lat.  29°  51' N.;  Ion.  121°  32'  E.  Pop. 
variously  estimated  from  120,000  to  500,000.  The  city,  6 
miles  in  circumference,  enclosed  by  walls  25  feet  in  height, 
and  entered  by  6  gates,  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  plain  cov- 
ered with  villages  and  watercourses.  It  has  well-supplied 
shops,  a  temple,  a  missionary  hospital,  an  active  trade  in 
junk-building,  and  a  large  manufacture  of  silks,  cottons, 
woollens,  salt,  carved  goods,  embroideries,  jewelry,  Ac. 
Many  junks  come  to  it  from  Shan-Toong  and  Leao-Tong 
with  oil,  provisions,  fruits,  caps,  cordage,  horns,  drugs,  rice, 
and  silk;  from  Fo-Kien  and  Hainan  with   sugar,  alum, 

Sepper,  black  tea,  indigo,  salt,  rice,  and  dyewoods ;  from 
anton  and  the  Straits,  and  from  the  interior,  small  craft  in 
great  numbers.  It  exports  large  quantities  of  wood  and 
charcoal  to  Shanghai.   It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1S41. 

Ningthee,  a  river  of  India.    See  Khyen-Dwem. 

Niniuger^  nin'in-j^r,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nininger  town- 
ship, Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  3i  miles  above  Hastings.  It  is  near  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  276. 

Ninnes'cah,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  266. 

Ninnescah)  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
275.     Post-office,  Clearwater. 

Ninne  Scab  River,  Kansas.    See  Good  River. 

Ninos,  or  Ninus.     See  Nineveh. 

Ninove,  ne-no'va,  or  Ninoven,  ne-no'v5n,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Dender,  20  miles  S.E.of 
Ghent.  Pop.  5500.  It  has  a  fine  abbey  and  church,  brew- 
eries, and  manufactories  of  linen  yarn. 

Nio,  nee'o  (ano.  los),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, government  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Naxos.  Area,  20 
square  miles.  Length,  11  miles;  breadth,  5  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous  and  rugged,  but  some  cotton,  corn, 
oil,  wine,  and  honey  are  produced.  On  the  W.  side  of  the 
island  is  the  town  Nio,  with  the  best  harbor  in  the  archi- 
pelago, and  some  remains  of  the  ancient  los.     Pop.  2130. 

Ni^obra'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  40  miles  above  Yankton,  and 
1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Niobrara.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  United  States  land  office,  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  633. 

Niobrara  River  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Wyoming, 
and  soon  passes  into  Nebraska,  in  which  it  runs  generally 
eastward.  In  Ion.  102°  30'  W.  it  enters  a  canon  between 
high  steep  banks.  After  traversing  the  sterile  sand-hills 
of  Northern  Nebraska,  it  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Ion. 
98°  W.,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Yankton,  S.D.  It  is  about 
450  miles  long,  is  very  shallow,  and  not  navigable. 

Nion',  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Nton. 

Nions,  a  town  of  France.     See  Nyons. 

Niort)  ne-oR',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Deux-S^vres,  on  the  SSvre-Niortaise,  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  La  Rochelle,  and  48  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Poi- 
tiers. Pop.  20,336.  It  is  enclosed  by  well-planted  prom- 
enades, has  an  ancient  castle,  a  Gothic  church  built  by  the 
English,  a  market-hall,  2  hospitals,  barracks,  a  theatre, 
large  public  library,  public  baths,  a  college  or  lycee,  a  bo- 
tanic garden,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  gloves, 
shoes,  leather,  blouses,  and  brushes.  It  has  also  large  nur- 
ieries,  and  a  trade  in  wine,  brandy,  wool,  grain,  and  timber. 

Nipani,  nip*3,-nee',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay.     Pop.  8315. 

Niph^on',  or  Nippon'  (t.e.,  "  fountain  or  source  of 
light"),  the  principal  island  of  Japan,  more  correctly  called 
Hondo  (which  see),  the  name  Niphon,  or  Nipon,  belonging 
properly  to  the  whole  empire. 

Nip'igon,  or  Nep'igon,  a  large  lake  of  Ontario,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Superior,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  Nipigon  River.  It  is  an  irregular  elliptic  in  shape,  from 
50  to  70  miles  in  length,  but  numerous  deep  indentations 
increase  its  ooast-line  to  580  miles.  There  are  about  1000 
islands  within  its  bounds. 

Nip'issing,  a  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Ontario.  Area, 
8722  square  miles.     Pop.  943.     See  Lake  Nipissing. 


Nip'penose,  a  post-township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  &,  Erie  Railroad.  Pop.  567. 
Nippenose  is  also  the  name  of  a  beautiful,  oval,  limestone 
valley,  about  10  miles  long  and  4  miles  broad,  4  miles  E. 
of  Jersey  Shore.  It  is  partly  in  Nippenose  township,  and 
is  enclosed  by  steep  mountains. 

Nip'per's  Harbor,  a  fishing-hamlet  and  excellent 
harbor  in  the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfound- 
land, on  the  N.  side  of  Green  Bay,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Tilt 
Cove.     Pop.  120. 

Nip'ple  Top,  New  York,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  in  Essex  co.,  about  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Diz's 
Peak,  and  8  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Mount  Marcy.  It  is  an 
insulated  mountain,  height  46^4  feet,  is  composed  of  hyper- 
sthene  rock,  and  many  fine  spe-^imens  of  labradorite  occur  in 
rolled  masses  in  the  streams  which  flow  down  its  sides. 

Nirgua,  neeR'gw&,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Yara- 
cuy,  45  miles  E.  of  Barquesimeto.     Pop.  8394. 

Nirie,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific.     See  Neirai. 

Niris,  nee'ris  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Fars,  8  miles  E. 
of  Sheeraz,  with  manufactures  of  arms,  and  iron-mines. 

Nirva'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  in  Yatea 
township,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Baldwin,  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reed  City.  It  has 
a  saw-mill  and  2  shingle-mills.     Pop.  about  150. 

Nisao,  ne-s&'o,  a  river  of  the  island  of  Hayti,  issuea 
from  a  lake,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  falls  into  the  sea  near  a  head- 
land of  its  own  name,  after  a  course  of  about  55  miles. 

Nisari,  ne-s&'ree,  or  Nicero,  ne-ch&'ro,  an  island  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.     Lat  36°  35'  N.;  Ion.  27°  11'  E. 

Nisbet,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    See  Susquehanna. 

Niscemi,  nis-oh&'mee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Caltanisetta,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Terranova.     Pop.  10,750. 

Nishapoor,  or  Nishapur,  nish'i-poor',  a  city  of 
Persia,  in  Khorassan,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Meshed.  Pop. 
10,000.  It  is  partly  in  ruins,  but  has  a  trade  in  turquoises, 
obtained  from  mines  at  Madan,  40  miles  AV.N.W.  Here  is 
the  tomb  of  Omar  Khayyam,  the  astronomer- poet. 

Nish^nabat'ona,  or  Nishnabot'na,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  1  or  2 
miles  from  the  Missouri  River.  It  is  on  the  Kansas  City, 
St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  57  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Joseph.     Pop.  of  Nishnabatona  township,  1250. 

Nishnabatona  River  is  formed  by  two  branches, 
the  East  and  West  Nishnabatona,  which  rise  in  or  near 
Carroll  co.,  Iowa.  They  run  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  and 
unite  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sidney.  The  river  passes  into 
Atchison  co..  Mo.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  about  10  miles  S.  of  Rockport.  The  main  stream 
Is  nearly  60  miles  long.  The  East  Nishnabatona  intersects 
the  COS.  of  Audubon,  Cass,  and  Montgomery.  The  West 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Shelby,  Pottawattamie,  and  Mills. 
Each  of  these  branches  is  about  160  miles  long. 

Nish^nabot'any,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.  P.  98 

Nishuedewitzk,  Russia.    See  Nizbnedevitzk. 

Nishnei-Novgorod.    See  Nizbneb-Novgorod. 

Nishnii,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  several  towns  of  Rus- 
sia, for  which  see  Nizhnee. 

Nishowra,  ne-shdw'r&,  a  large  village  of  India,  Pon- 
jab,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Nisi,  nee'see,  a  river  of  Sicily,  intendency  of  Messina, 
enters  the  Mediterranean  near  Ali.     Length,  10  miles. 

Nisi,  nee'see,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  government  of 
Messenia,  7  miles  W.  of  Kalamata. 

Nisib,  a  village  of  Syria.     See  Nizeeb. 

Ni8'ibin\  Nis'sibin^  or  Niz'ibin^  (anc.  Nia'ibia), 
a  town  or  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  90  miles 
S.E.  of  Diarbekir.  It  has  an  ancient  triumphal  arch,  a 
church  of  St.  James,  and  some  other  antiquities. 

Nisita,  nee'se-t4  (anc.  Ne'sie),  an  island  of  Italy,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Pozzuoli,  in  the  Gulf  of  Naples.  Marcus 
Brutus  had  a  villa  on  the  island,  which  is  now  occupied  by 
a  quarantine  establishment.     Pop.  1760. 

Nis^kayu'na,  a  post-township  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mohawk  River,  and  is  con 
tiguous  to  the  city  of  Schenectady.     Pop.  1112. 

Nismes,  neem,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  36 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur,  on  the  Eau  Noire.     Pop.  1210. 

Nismes,  a  city  of  France.     Sec  NImes. 

Nisqualiy  River,  Washington.     See  Nesqually. 

Nissa,  nis'sil  (anc.  Naisne,  Naissus,  or  Nsesiia),  a  forti- 
fied city  of  Servia,  on  the  Nissava,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Bel- 
grade.    Pop.  12,800. 

Nissava,  nis-si'v4,  a  river  of  Servia,  after  a  W.  course 
of  80  miles,  joins  the  Morava  8  miles  W.  of  Nissa. 


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Nisscquague,  nis'see-kwSg,  written  also  Nesa- 
quake,  a  hamlet  in  Smithtown  township,  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  navigable  Nissequague  River,  near  its  mouth 
in  Long  Island  Sound,  2  miles  from  St.  James. 

Nissibin,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Nisibin. 

Nissouri,  nia-soo'ree,  a  post-village  in  Cxford  oo.,  On- 
tario, on  a  branch  of  the  river  Thames,  8  miles  N.  of 
Thamesford.  It  contains  a  church,  a  store,  a  grist-mill, 
and  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  400. 

Nissum-Fiord,  nis'soom-fe-ord',  an  inlet  of  Denmark, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland,  15  miles  N.  of  Ringkiobing,  13 
miles  in  length  by  4  in  breadth,  and  with  the  village  of 
South  Nissum  on  its  S.  side. 

Nistelrode,  nis't§l-roM§h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  the  province  of  North  Brabant,  12  miles  E.  of 
Bois-le-Duo.     Pop.  2232. 

Pfisus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Besni. 

NitcheguoU)  nitch^e-gw6n',  a  lake  of  Labrador,  about 
midway  between  James's  Bay  and  the  Atlantic. 

Nith,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Ayr,  and, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  60  miles,  joins  Solway  Firth  by 
an  estuary,  8  miles  S.  of  Dumfries. 

Nith'burg,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Nith,  8i  miles  N.  of  Shakespeare.   Pop.  100. 

Nitheroy,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Nicthehoy. 

Niti- Ghaut)  or  Netee- Ghaut,  nee'tee-gawt',  a  pass 
across  the  Himalayas,  between  Thibet  and  Kumaon,  and  in 
one  part  16,814  feet  in  elevation.  The  village  of  Niti,  on 
its  S.  side,  is  in  lat.  30°  47'  N.,  Ion.  79°  56'  E. 

Nitinat,  nit^e-nat',  or  Berkeley  (b§rk'lee)  Sound, 
North  America,  an  extensive  inlet,  filled  with  islands,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Vancouver  Island.  It  is  about  12  miles 
wide  at  its  entrance  between  Terron  Point  on  the  N.  and 
Carrasco  Point  on  the  S.E. 

Nitsa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Neiva. 

Nits'hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Renfrew.     Pop.  986. 

Nit'tany,  a  small  post-village  in  Walker  township.  Cen- 
tre CO.,  Pa.,  near  Nittany  Mountain,  about  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Nittany  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  ridge  which 
extends  along  the  S.E.  boundary  of  Clinton  co.,  and  is 
partly  in  Centre  co.     Its  direction  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W. 

Nittany  Valley,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  Centre  and  Clin- 
ton COS.,  between  Muncy  Mountain  and  Nittany  Mountain. 
It  is  about  30  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide,  and  is  very  fer- 
tile.    Limestone  abounds  here. 

NitHayu'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss.,  on 
Deer  Creek,  60  miles  N.  of  Vicksburg. 

Nittenau,  nit't^h-now^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Regen,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1331. 

Nittritz,  nit'trits,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  govern- 
ment of  Liegnitz,  circle  of  Griinberg.     Pop.  1153. 

Nitych,  the  Polish  name  of  Nedteich. 

Nitza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Neiva. 

Niukalofa,  Friendly  Islands.    See  Neckalofa. 

Nive,  neev,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees, 
and,  after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the  Adour. 

Nivelle,  neeVfiU',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1200. 

Nivelle,  neeVSll',  or  Nivonne,  neeVonn',  a  river 
rising  within  the  limits  of  Spain,  flowing  N.W.,  falls  into 
the  Bay  of  Biscay  in  France. 

Nivelles,  neeViir  (Flemish,  Nyvel,  ni'v?!),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  17  miles  S.  of  Brussels.  Pop. 
8800.  It  has  a  fine  church,  with  a  colossal  statue  of  Jean 
de  Nivelles,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  coarse  laces, 
and  cotton  and  linen  cloths. 

Niv'cn,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Nivernois,  or  Niveruais,  neeVjR^ni',  an  old  prov- 
ince of  France,  near  its  centre,  now  composing  the  depart- 
ment of  NiSvre  and  part  of  Cher.  The  Canal  of  Nivernois 
(Nivernais),  45  miles  in  length,  connects  the  Loire  with  the 
Yonne  and  the  Seine. 

Ni'verville,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Kinderhook  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  or  the  outlet 
of  Kinderhook  Lake,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
a  wadding-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  mowing-machines. 

Nivonne,  a  river  of  France  and  Spain.     See  Nivelle. 

Ni  Wot,  a  station  of  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  8J 
miles  N.E.  of  Boulder.     Here  is  Modoc  Post-Offioe. 

Ni  Wot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  aboat  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boulder. 

Nix'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  oo.,  Ala.,  about  38 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches. 


Nixdorf,  or  Gross  Nixdorf,  groce  nix'doRf,  a  vil. 
lage  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeriti.  Pop 
5787.  It  hail  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens,  and 
mineral  baths.    Klei.v  Nixborf,  kllne  nix'doRf,  is  adjacent 

Nix'on,  a  post-township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  649. 

Nixon,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  li  miles  E.  of  New  Castle,  Ind. 

Nixon,  a  post-ofiice  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 

Nix'onton,  a  hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.,  in  Nix- 
onton  township,  on  Little  River,  about  0  miles  S.  of  Eliik* 
beth  City.  It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill  and  a  grist-milL 
Pop.  about  100;  of  the  township,  1626. 

Nix'onville,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Nixonville,  a  post-office  of  Horry  oo.,  S.C.,  on  th« 
Waccamaw  River. 

Niza,  nee'zi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Portalegre,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  3065. 

Niza,  or  Nitza,  nit'si,  a  village  of  European  Turkey, 
Albania,  on  the  Bay  of  Delvino,  opposite  Corfu. 

Niz^ampatam',  or  Niz^ampatnam',  a  maritime 
town  of  British  India,  in  Madras,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Guntoor. 

Nizam's  Dominions,  India.    See  Hyderabad. 

Nizeeb,  or  Nisib,  ne-zeeb',  a  village  of  Northern 
Syria,  W.  of  the  Euphrates,  63  miles  N.E.  of  Aleppo. 

Nizhnedevitzk,  Nischnedewitzk,  or  Njjnede- 
Witzk,  nizh'ni-d4-vitzk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Voronezh.     Pop.  2160. 

Nizhnee-Lamov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lamot. 

Nizhnee-Novgorod,  or  NUnii-Novgorod,  nizh'- 
nee^-nov^go-rod',  written  also  Nischnii-  or  Nishnei* 
Novgorod,  a  government  of  Central  Russia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  54°  26'  and  57°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  41°  40'  and  46«» 
38'  E.,  having  on  the  E.  the  government  of  Kazan,  S.  Tam- 
bov, Simbeersk,  and  Penza,  W.  Vladimeer,  and  on  the  N. 
Kostroma.  Area,  18,636  square  miles.  Pop.  1,271,564. 
Surface  mostly  level ;  soil  very  fertile.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Volga,  with  its  affluents  the  Oka,  Vetlooga,  and  Plana. 
Forests  are  extensive,  the  produce  of  corn  considerably  ex- 
ceeds the  consumption,  hemp  and  flax  are  largely  culti- 
vated, and  great  numbers  of  cattle  and  horses  are  reared. 
Manufactures  of  coarse  linens,  canvas,  cordage,  &o.,  art 
considerable,  as  are  also  the  iron-works,  distilleries,  tan- 
neries, soap-works,  glass-works,  Ac.  The  chief  exports  are 
corn,  flour,  cattle,  horses,  leather,  tallow,  linen,  canvas, 
cordage,  iron,  timber,  potash,  and  glass.  Chief  towns, 
Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Balakhna,  and  Arsamas. 

Nizhnee-  (N^jnii-  or  Nischnii-)  Novgorod,  a 
town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  its  own  name, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Oka  with  the  Volga,  266  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Moscow.  Lat.  56°  19'  43"  N. ;  Ion.  44« 
0'  58"  E.  Pop.  70,000,  but  during  the  continuance  of  its 
great  fair  from  200,000  to  300,000  persons  are  here  col- 
lected from  all  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia.  It  consists  of  an 
upper  and  a  lower  town ;  the  former,  or  citadel,  on  a  height 
S.  of  the  Volga,  is  imposing  in  appearance,  and  has  some  good 
streets,  2  cathedrals,  the  government  offices,  several  con- 
vents, public  schools,  and  churches,  with  an  obelisk  76  feet 
in  height.  The  lower  town,  extending,  on  flat  ground, 
along  the  Volga,  is  chiefly  built  of  wood,  and  oommnnioatea 
by  a  bridge  of  boats  across  the  Oka,  where  are  some  vast 
iron  and  stone  bazaars,  erected  by  the  Emperor  Alexander, 
divided  into  various  sections  for  separate  goods,  and  sur- 
rounded by  the  rivers  and  a  canal.  Here  is  held  the  largest 
fair  in  the  world,  for  8  weeks  from  the  Ist  of  July,  annually. 
The  fair  is  laid  out  in  regular  quarters,  each  allotted  to  a 
particular  species  of  goods, — in  one  quarter,  tea;  in  an- 
other, costly  shawls,  carpets,  and  silk  goods ;  and  in  others, 
skins  and  furs,  Ac. ;  a  large  quarter  is  set  apart  for  th« 
sale  of  Siberian  iron  in  every  variety  of  form,  raw  and 
manufactured.  The  value  of  merchandise  disposed  of  at 
these  fairs  amounts  in  some  years  to  over  $100,000,000. 
At  all  seieons  an  internal  commerce  of  great  extent  is  in 
active  operation,  including  every  article  which  the  different 
quarters  of  the  world  interchange  with  each  other.  Niihnee- 
Novgorod  has  ecclesiastical  and  military  academies,  various 
other  public  institutions,  and  some  manufactures  of  linens 
and  leather.  Steamers  were  established  on  the  Volga  to 
Astrakhan  in  1820,  and  by  the  Kama  to  Perm  in  1847. 

Nizh'nee-Oo^dinsk',  or  Nuni-Vdinsk,  nizh'nee- 
ooMinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  about 
325  miles  W.N.W.  of  IrkooUk.     Pop.  3322. 

Nizhnee-Taghil8k,NUnii-'raghilsk,orNUn7- 
Tagilsk,  nizh'nee-t&-ghil8k',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  tiie 
Ural  Mountains,  government  and  155  miles  E.  of  Perm.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  hospitals,  schools,  an  observatory,  ex- 
tensive forges,  and  manufactures  of  machinery.    P.  27,000 


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Nizibin,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Nisibix. 

Pfizniow,  niz'ne-ov\  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia,  77 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lemberg,  on  the  Dniester.     Pop.  3466. 

Nizza,  a  city  of  France.     See  Nice. 

Nizza  di  Sicilia,  nit'si  dee  se-chee'le-i,  or  San 
Fernando,  sin  fSn-nin'do,  a  town  of  Sicily,  proyince 
and  20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  2121. 

Nizza-Monferrato,  nit'si  mon-f8R-R4'to,  or  Nizza- 
della-Faglia,  nit'sJ,  dSl'li  pS.l'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Belbo.  Pop. 
6902.  It  has  some  industry  in  silk-spinning,  and  a  brisk 
trade  in  wine  raised  in  its  neighborhood. 

Njurunda,  n'yoo-roon'di,  a  river  of  Sweden,  Isen  of 
Hernosand,  after  an  E.  course  of  170  miles,  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Bothnia  8  miles  S.E.  of  Sundsvall.  At  its  mouth  are 
the  village  and  harbor  of  Njurunda. 

Noah,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    See  Marion. 

Noailles,  no*iI',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1352. 

No^akhal'ly,  or  PTo^acoI'ly,  called  usually  Sud- 
haram,  sood'hi-rim',  Sudharan,  and  Sudharam- 
uagar,  sood-har^S.m-n3,g'gur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital 
of  Noakhally  district,  on  a  tidal  channel,  10  miles  from  the 
sea.  Lat.  22°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  6'  E.  It  has  several  mosques, 
a  jail,  and  a  hospital,  and  is  a  seat  of  trade.     Pop.  4752. 

Noakhally,  or  Noakhali,  no*4k-hil'le,  a  district  of 
Bengal,  bounded  S.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  W.  by  the 
river  Megna.  Area,  1852  square  miles.  It  is  a  low,  allu- 
vial region,  and  in  part  consists  of  islands  in  the  sea. 
Capital,  Noakhally.     Pop.  961,319. 

Noakote,  or  Noacote,  no^4-kot'  {Nava  cata,  the 
"new  fort"),  a  town  of  Nepaul,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Khat- 
mandoo.     Lat.  27°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  60'  E. 

Noale,  no-fl,'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Padua. 
It  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  hats,  Ao.     Pop.  4232. 

Noalejo,  or  Noalexo,  no-4-l4'HO,  a  town  of  Spain, 
Andalusia,  province  and  22  miles  from  Jaen.     Pop.  2149. 

Noanagar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Nowanugqur. 

No'ank,  a  post-village  in  Groton  township,  New  Lon- 
don CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  sea-shore,  at  the  mouth  of  Mystic 
River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  New  London 
with  Stonington,  about  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Loudon. 
It  has  2  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-build- 
ing and  fishing. 

Noapoora,  no-4-poo'r4,  a  town  of  India,  Baroda  do- 
minions, 60  miles  E.  of  Surat. 

Nobend- Jan,  no-bfind*-jin',  a  ruined  city  of  Persia, 
province  of  Khoozistan,  N.  of  Kazeroon. 

Noble,  no'b'l,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Elkhart  River  and  Blue  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak  and 
Bugar-maple.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  from 
E.  to  W.  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad 
and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  latter  of  which 
connects  with  Albion,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,389; 
in  1880,  22,956;  in  1890,  23,359. 

Noble,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Seneca,  Duck, 
and  Will's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  wool  are  the 
staples.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  coal,  limestone, 
and  petroleum.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland 
&  Marietta  Railroad  and  the  Bellaire,  Zanesville  &  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad.  Capital,  Caldwell.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,949; 
in  1880,  21,138;  in  1890,  20,753. 

Noble,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  in  Noble 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Olney,  and  109  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-oflBce,  and  2  wagon- 
shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  424;  of  the  township,  1516. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  904. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1218.  It  con- 
tains Hector. 

Noble,  a  township  of  La  Porte  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  1008.  It 
"eontains  Union  Mills. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1013. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1203. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1733. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4485,  ex- 
elusive  of  Wabash  City. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  563. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  600. 
It  contains  Chapman. 


Noble,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  363. 
It  contains  Vermilion. 

Noble,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  721. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  1159. 

Noble,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.  Pop.  867.  It 
contains  Brunersburg. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1121.  It 
contains  Belle  Valley. 

Noble,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Bound  Brook  line),  9  miles  N.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Jenkintown. 

Noblejas,  or  Noblexas,  no-bli-nis',  a  town  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  province  and  E.N.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1964. 

Nobles,  no'bl'z,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It 
contains  several  lakes,  one  of  which,  named  Lake  Graham, 
is  about  8  miles  long.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly 
destitute  of  forests.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Omaha  Railroad.  Capital, 
Worthington.     Pop.  in  1880,  4435;  in  1890,  7958. 

Nobles,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buf- 
falo Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titusville,  Pa. 

Noblesborough,  no'bl'z-bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in  Noblesborough  township,  near  Nobles- 
borough  Station  on  the  Knox  A  Lincoln  Railroad,  which  is 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Damarisootta  River, 
and  contains  several  saw-mills  and  a  village  named  Dama- 
riscotta  Mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1150. 

Noble's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Mill  Creek,  5^  miles  from  Riverside  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Noble's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  A  New  Orleans  Railroad,  3 
miles  S.  of  Arkansas  River,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Noblestown,  no'bl'z-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Pittsburg  with  Steu- 
benville,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  colliery  or  coke-factory.     Pop.  500. 

Noblesville,  no'bl'z-vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  Ind.,  in  Noblesville  township,  on  White  River,  1 
or  2  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Cicero  Creek,  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Indianapolis,  and  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Anderson.  It  is 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <fc  Chicago  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Anderson,  Lebanon  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
banking-house,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  303»1; 
of  the  township,  6274. 

Noblesville,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Albion,  and  about  1  mile  from  Merriam  Post-Office.  It  has 
a  church. 

Noblesville,  or  New  Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  in  New  Lisbon  township,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Oneonta. 
It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Noblesville,  a  hamlet  of  German  township,  Clark 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  60. 

Nobleton,  no'b'l-tQU,  a  hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Des  Moines. 

Nobleton,  no'b'l-tgn,  or  Lam^mermoor',  a  post- 
village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  W.  of  King.  It  con- 
tains a  hotel  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Nobleville,  no'b'l- vil,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 

Noblexas,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Noblejas. 

No'bob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles  W. 
of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Nobra,  no'bri,  or  Nubbra,  nUb'bri,  a  division  of 
Middle  Thibet,  populous  and  well  cultivated,  and  having  a 
fort  and  village  in  lat.  34°  38'  N.,  Ion.  77°  10'  E. 

Nobressart,  no^brSs^saR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1625. 

Nobscot,  Massachusetts.    See  North  Frauinghau. 

Nobs'que  (or  Nobs'ka)  Point,  at  the  entrance  of 
Buzzard's  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Massachusetts.  It 
contains  a  fixed  light  80  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea 
Lat.  41°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  W.     It  is  near  Wood's  HoU 

Noceda  del  Vierzo,  no-th4'D4  dil  vfi-aiR'tho,  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles  from  Leon.    Pop.  827. 

Nocera,  no-ch4'r4  (anc.  Nuce'ria  Camella'ria),  a  town 
of  Central  Italy,  21  miles  E.  of  Perugia.  Pop.  1546.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  near  it  are  mineral  baths. 

Nocera,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  diitriot 
and  13  miles  N.W.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2593. 


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Nocera  dei  Pagani,  no-ch&'r&  di'e  p&-g&'nee  (anc. 
Jfuce'ria  Alfater'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
on  the  Sarno,  8  miles  N,W.  of  Salerno.  Pop.  15,075.  It 
stands  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  overlooked  by  the  citadel  and 
walls  of  the  ancient  city,  and  has  some  monasteries,  a  hos- 

Jiital,  cavalry  barracks,  several  public  schools,  and  manu- 
actures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Noceto,  no-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.  of  Par- 
ma, on  the  Recohio.     Pop.  of  commune,  5980. 

Nochanitz,  Fayette  co.,  Tex.    See  Nechanitz. 

Noch'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Southwestern  Railroad  (Ward  Station),  lOi  miles  E.  of 
Cuthbert.     Here  are  2  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

Noci)  no'chee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  29  miles 
S.E.  of  Bari.  Pop.  7989.  It  has  a  large  hospital,  and  an 
active  trade  in  wine,  oil,  silk,  and  corn. 

Nock^amix'on,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  oo..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Allentown,  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Delaware  River,  and  contains  the  villages  of  Upper 
Black  Eddy  and  Kintnersville.     Pop.  1528. 

Nock'enut,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 
E.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Nod'away,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
ders on  Iowa.  Area,  about  848  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Nodaway,  One  Hundred  and  Two,  and  Little 
Platte  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad  and  the  Omaha  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Maryville.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,751;  in  1880,  29,544;  in 
1890,  30,914. 

Nodaway,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  806. 
See  also  East  Nodaway. 

Nodaway,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1274, 
exclusive  of  Clarinda. 

Nodaway,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  613. 

Nodaway,  a  township  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2363. 
It  contains  Savannah. 

Nodaway,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Andrew 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Nodaway,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.     Pop.  286. 

Nodaway,  a  township  of  Holt  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2055. 

Nodaway  Mills,  a  post-oflfice  of  Page  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Nodaway  River. 

Nodaway  River  rises  in  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  and  runs 
southward  through  the  cos.  of  Montgomery  and  Page  into 
the  state  of  Missouri.  It  next  intersects  Nodaway  co., 
forms  the  boundary  between  Andrew  and  Holt  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Missouri  River  about  20  miles  above  St.  Joseph. 
It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Nod'eiia,  a  post-oflBce  of  Mississippi  co..  Ark. 

Noduwez-Linsmeaa,  noMUVa'-liNs^mS',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  30  miles  B.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1600. 

Noel,  no-fil',  or  Moni,  mo'nee,  an  island  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Java. 

Noel,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Sandwich 
group. 

No'el,  a  post- village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Co- 
bequid  Bay,  32  miles  from  Shubenacadie.  It  has  2  stores, 
2  mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  terra  alba.     Pop.  300. 

No  el  gunge,  no-dl-giinj',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in 
Oude,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lucknow.  Lat.  26°  47'  N.;  Ion. 
80°  33'  E. 

No'el 's,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Hanover  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Richmond. 

No'el  Shore,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Cobequid  Bay,  8  miles  from  Maitland.     Pop.  100. 

Noerdlingen,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  NSrdlinokn. 

Noe's  Ferry,  a  post-oflSce  of  Marion  co..  Ark. 

Noessa-Kambangan.    See  Keubansan. 

Noessa  liaut,  no-ds's&  lowt,  a  small  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  one  of  the  Moluccas,  S.  of  Ceram.  Lat. 
3°  40"  S. ;  Ion.  128°  50'  E.     It  produces  cloves. 

Noeux,  no'ch',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  4 
miles  from  B6thune,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Arras.  It 
has  a  coal-mine  and  manufactures  of  oil  and  sugar.  P.  4219. 

Nogaisk,  no-ghisk',  Obitoshnei,  or  ObitochneJ, 
o-be-tosh-ni'e,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Taurida, 
on  the  Sea  of  Azof,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Orekhov.  Pop. 
3022,  mostly  Nogais  Tartars. 

Nogales,  no-g4'18s,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Val- 
paraiso.    Pop.  2115. 

Nogaro,  noViVo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qers,  on  the 
Midou.  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1658. 


Nogat,  no'g&t,  the  E.  arm  of  the  river  Vistula,  ha«  iti 
delta  in  West  Prussia,  leaves  the  main  stream  12  milee  N. 
of  Marienwerder,  and,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  33  milei, 
enters  the  Frisohe-Haff  by  several  mouths. 

Nogent,  no^rhftn"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haate-Mame, 
11  miles  N.  of  Langres.  Pop.  3430.  It  haa  important 
manufactures  of  cutlery. 

Nogent-le-Bernard,  no'zhftB*'  l?h  bAR'naR',  a  town 
of  France,  Sarthe,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Mamers.     Pop.  2114. 

Nogent'le-Roi,  no'zh6N»'  l^h  rwi,  a  town  of  France, 
Eure-et-Loir,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Dreux,  on  the  Eure.     P.  1412. 

Nogent-le-Rotrou,  no^zhftii»'  l^h  ro^troo',  a  town  of 
Prance,  Eure-et-Loir,  35  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chartres, 
on  the  Huisne.  Pop.  6569.  It  is  built  in  a  curious  form, 
having  only  four  streets,  with  a  meadow  in  the  centre.  It 
has  a  communal  college  and  the  ruins  of  a  huge  ancient 
fortress  which  was  inhabited  by  Sully,  also  tanneries  and 
manufactures  of  edge-tools,  starch,  Ac. 

Nogent-sur-Marne,  no^zhfts"'  sUr  maRn,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine,  5  miles  E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Marne.  P. 
has  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  pottery,  miuicai 
instruments,  Ac.     Pop.  7481. 

Nogent-snr-Seine,  no^zhi»»'  siiR  sin,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aube,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Troyes,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Seine,  and  on  the  railway  to  Montereau.  Pop. 
3334.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  timber,  and  flour-mills. 
Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Paraclet,  a  monastery  founded  by 
Abelard  in  the  twelfth  century. 

Nograd,  a  county  of  Hungary.     See  Neoorad. 

Nogueira  do  Cravo,  no-gi'e-ri  do  kri'vo,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  40  miles  from  Coimbra.     Pop.  1874. 

Noguera-Pallaresa,  no-gi'ri  pil-y4-ri's4,  a  river 
of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  near  the  Val  d'Aran,  in 
Catalonia,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Segre  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Lerida.     Total  course,  about  80  miles. 

Noguera-Rivagoranzo,  no-gi'ri  re-v4-go-rln'tho, 
a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  near  the  Val  d'Aran, 
flows  S.,  mostly  between  Aragon  and  Catalonia,  and  falls 
into  the  Segre  15  miles  S.  of  Lerida.     Length,  80  miles. 

Noh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Nho. 

No'hart,  a  post-office  of  Richardson  oo.,  Neb.,  is  at  the 
Iowa  Indian  Reservation,  on  the  line  between  Kansas  and 
Nebraska. 

Nohcacab,  n5h-k&-k&b',  a  village  of  Mexico,  Yucatan, 
lat.  20°  30'  N.,  Ion.  89°  35'  W.,  in  an  extensive  plain,  with 
a  large  church,  a  town  house,  and  a  large  school-house. 
Pop.  about  6000.  Near  it  are  remains  of  an  ancient  city 
of  the  same  name. 

Noia,  two  towns  of  Italy.     See  Noja. 

Noir,  nwaR,  an  island  of  South  America,  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  lat.  54°  30'  S.,  Ion.  73°  5'  40"  W., 
about  600  feet  in  height.  In  the  S.W.  it  terminates  in  a 
lofty  rock  like  a  tower,  which  bears  the  name  of  Cape  Noir. 

Noire-Fontaine,  nwaR-fAN»HAn',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, Luxembourg,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1300. 

Noirmont,  nwaR^m6N>',  or  Schwarzenberg, 
shwaRt's§n-bfiR6\  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1906. 

Noirmoutiers,  nwaR^mooHe-i',  an  island  of  the  At- 
lantic, on  the  coast  of  France,  department  of  Vendue. 
Length,  12  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  3  miles.  Noirmoutiers, 
the  capital,  is  situated  on  the  N.E.  coast.     Pop.  2080. 

Noisy- le-  Grand,  nw&^zee'  l^h  grftM*  ( Lat.Arot«iVicum), 
a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Marne, 
about  9  miles  from  Paris.     Pop.  1341. 

Noisy-le>Sec,  nw&^zee'  l^h  sik,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine,  with  a  station  on  the  Paris  k  Strasburg  Railway, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2750. 

Noja,  no'y&,  or  Noia,  no'e-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  7600. 

Noja,  or  Noia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata,  13  milai 
S.S.W,  of  Tursi.     Pop.  1550. 

Nokere,  no^kaiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  East  Flanders, 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1720. 

Nokesville,  nSks'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  34  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Alexandria.     It  has  a  wagon-factory. 

Noko'mis,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo..  111.,  in 
Nokomis  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Litchfield,  and  44  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Decatur.  It  has  a  graded  school,  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper o£Soe,  a  national  bank,  2  flouring-raills,  and  2  eleva- 
tors for  gprain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1305  ;  of  the  township,  2188. 

Nokomis,  township,  Buena  Vista  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1608. 

Nokunda,  no-kfin'di,  or  Nokun'deh,  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Astrabad,  in  the 
bay  of  that  name,  on  the  S.E.  shores  of  the  Caspian. 


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Nola,  no'li,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  14 
aailus  E.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  11,395.  It  has  16  churches, 
lereral  convents,  2  hospitals,  a  royal  college  and  seminary, 
large  cavalry  barracks,  an  old  palace,  and  a  large  market- 
place. Nola  was  anciently  one  of  the  largest  cities  of 
Magna  Orxcia,  but  it  has  few  remains  of  antiquity.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see. 

Pfol'a  Chack'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Jonesborough. 

NoPachuck'y  (or  NolMichuck')  River  rises  in  the 
Blue  Ridge,  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina,  and  passes  into 
East  Tennessee.  Its  general  direction  is  westward.  It  in- 
tersects the  cos.  of  Washington  and  Greene  in  Tennessee, 
and  enters  the  French  Broad  River  about  20  miles  W.  of 
Greeneville.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

No'lan,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas.  Area,  900 
square  miles.     Capital,  Sweet  Water.      Pop.  in  1890, 1573. 

Xo'land  River^  Texas,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in 
Johnson  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River 
in  Hill  CO. 

Noland  River,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Tex. 

No'land's  Fork,  Indiana,  rises  in  Randolph  co.,  runs 
nearly  southweatward  through  Wayne  co.,  and  enters  the 
West  Fork  of  Whitewater  River  in  Fayette  co.,  about  5 
miles  above  Connersville. 

Noland  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Nolan's  Point,  Morris  co.,  N.J.     See  Hopatconq. 

Nolay,  noMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  G6te-d'0r,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Beaune.     Pop.  2355. 

Nolay,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nidvre,  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Nevcrs.     Pop.  1795. 

No'lensville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
15^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school. 

Noli,  no'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  8  miles 
K.S.W.  of  Savona,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  1766. 

Nolichucky,  North  Carolina.     See  Nolachdckt. 

No'lin,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  oo.,  Ky.,  on  Nolin 
Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville  k  Great  Southern  Railroad,  53 
miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  college. 

Nolin  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  or  near  Hardin  oo., 
runs  southward  and  southwestward,  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  oos.  of  Grayson  and  Hart,  and  enters  the 
Green  River  at  Brownsville.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Nolinsk,  no-Ieensk'  or  no-linsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  62  miles  S.  of  Viatka.     Pop.  2551. 

No'lo,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 

Nolye,  noMi',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions,  29 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oojein.     Lat.  23°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  27'  E. 

No  Man's  Land,  a  small  island  in  the  Atlantic,  S.  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  and  belonging  to  the  township  of  Chil- 
mark,  Dukes  co.,  Mass. 

No  Man's  Land,  a  district  of  South  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  now  principally  included  in  Griqualand  East. 

Nombela,  nom-bi'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  New  Castile,  in 
Toledo,  near  the  Alberche,  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1630. 

Nombre-de-Dios,  nom'bri  di  dee'oce,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  department  and  60  miles  E.  of  Durango.  Pop. 
6S00.     Near  it  are  some  rich  silver-mines. 

Nonibre>de-Dios,  nom'brA  di  dee'ooe,  a  port  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Carribbean  Sea,  department 
and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Panama. 

Nomeny,  no^m§h-nee',  a  town  of  France,  Meurthe-et- 
Moselle,  on  the  Seille,  14  miles  N.  of  Nancy.     Pop.  1227. 

Nom'iny  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Nomo,  no'mo,  or  Nomosaki,  no-mo-s&'kee,  a  re- 
markable headland  of  Japan,  on  the  W.  of  the  island  of 
Kioo-Sioo,  forming  the  S.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Nagasaki.  Lat. 
32°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  129°  43'  E.  Near  this  cape  is  the  small 
island  of  Kawasima,  and  to  the  N.W.  are  the  rocks  called 
by  the  Japanese  Mitsu-se,  and  by  the  Dutoh  De  Hen  met 
de  Euikens  ("the  Hen  and  Chickens"). 

Nona,  no'ni  (ano.  uEnona  ?),  a  decayed  town  of  Dal- 
matia,  9  miles  N.  of  Zara,  with  a  port  and  a  bishop's  see. 

Nonancourt,  no*n5N»^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Euro, 
on  the  Avre,  18  miles  S.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1750. 

Nonantola,  no-nin'to-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Modena,  on  the  Panaro.     Pop.  of  commune,  5535. 

None,  no'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  division  of  "Turin,  prov- 
ince of  Pinerolo,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2934. 

Nonesuch,  niin'siioh,  a  post-office  of  Ontonagon  co., 
Mich.,  4  miles  from  Lake  Superior.  Here  is  a  copper-mine 
called  Nonesuch. 

Non  Intervention,  post-office,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Nonnenweier,  non'tt^n-^i-i^^r,  or  Nonnenweiler, 

village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  on  the  Rhine. 


Nonnenwerth,  Prussia.    See  Rolandswerth. 

Nonpareil,  nSn-pa-rell',  post-office,  Reno  co.,  Kansas 

Nontron,  n6N»*trON»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Dordogne,  on  the  Bandiat,  30  miles  N.  of  P6rigueux.  Pop. 
2378.  It  has  a  church  and  a  hospital,  large  hot-blast-fur- 
naces, and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  leather,  Ac. 

Nookaheeva,  Noukahiva,  or  Nukahiva,  noo-ki- 
hee'vi,  the  largest  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean, 
near  the  centre  of  the  group.  Lat.  of  W.  point,  8°  63'  S. ; 
Ion.  139°  49'  W.  Length,  18  miles.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous and  richly  wooded.     Pop.  1560. 

Nookhk,  Nukhk,  or  Nnch&,  noo'khi,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Yelisavetpol,  160  miles  N.W.  of 
Bakoo,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Caucasus.  Pop.  24,994.  It 
has  a  fortress  and  silk-works. 

Nook'mnt,  an  Innuit  village  of  Alaska,  on  the  shore  of 
Port  Clarence,  S.E.  of  Behring  Strait. 

Nooksachk,  nook'sik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whatcom  co., 
Washington,  about  120  miles  N.  of  Seattle.  It  has  forests 
of  fir,  cedar,  pine,  Ac. 

Noon,  Noun,  or  Nnn,  noon,  Akassa,  i-kis-si',  or 
Wad'y  Noon,  a  river  of  Morocco,  forming  a  part  of  its 
S.  boundary,  enters  the  Atlantic  after  a  W.  course  of  130 
miles.    See  also  Akassa. 

Noon,  Noun,  or  Nnn,  noon,  a  river  of  Manohooria, 
East  Asia,  after  a  generally  southward  course  of  500  miles, 
joins  the  Soongaree  about  20  miles  N.  of  Petoone.  On  its 
banks  are  the  towns  of  Merghen  and  Tsitsikar. 

Noonivak,  Nounivak,  or  Nunivak,  noo'ne-v&k,  an 
island  of  Alaska,  in  Behring  Sea,  off'  Cape  Vancouver.  Lat. 
60°  N.;  Ion.  165°  to  167°  W.  Length,  70  miles;  mean 
breadth,  about  30  miles.  It  is  hilly  and  lightly  wooded,  and 
peopled  by  Esquimaux. 

Noor,  a  Tartar  word.     See  Nor. 

Noora,  Nonra,  or  Nura,  noo'ri,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
rises  near  the  S.W,  frontier  of  the  government  of  Omsk, 
flows  N.W.,  and  unites  with  the  Little  Noora  from  Lake 
Koorgaljin,  and  with  the  Koozakoochin,  forming  the  Ishim. 

Noorabad,  nooVi-bid'  (the  "  abode  of  light"),  a  vil- 
lage of  India,  dominion  and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gwalior. 

Noorcondy,  noor-kon'dee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Deccan,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bejapoor,  with  a  large  fort. 

Noord  Braband,  Netherlands.  See  North  Brabant. 

Noordbroek,  n5Rt'brd5k,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  13  miles  £.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2202. 

Noordwyk-Binnen,  noRt'^tik-bin'n^n,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ley- 
den.  Pop.  3102.  NoRDWYK  or  Nordwyk-ah-Zeb,  noRt'- 
<^ik-&m-zi,  is  a  village  near  the  above. 

Noordwykerhout,  n3Rt'<^x-k9r-h6wt\  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Leyden. 

Noorja,  nooR'ji,  a  village  of  Sinde,  14  miles  N.  of 
Sehwan,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Indus.     Lat.  26°  32'  N. 

Noorwegen,  the  Dutch  name  of  Norwat. 

Nooseneck  (nooss'nek)  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eenk 
CO.,  R.I.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cotton-mill. 

Noot'ka  Sound,  a  harbor  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Vancouver  Island.     Lat.  49°  35'  N. 

No'pal,  a  post-office  of  MoMuUin  co.,  Tex. 

Nor,  or  Noor,  a  Tartar  word,  signifying  "  lake,"  Ac. 

Nora,  no'ri,  a  town  of  Sweden,  at  a  railway  junction, 
Isen  and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Orebro.     Pop.  1333. 

No'ra,  a  post-village  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  in  Nora 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Warren,  and  31  miles  N.W.  of  Freeport.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1046. 

Nora,  a  station  in  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Danville. 

Nora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  White 
River,  9  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
fine  iron  bridge  across  the  river. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Washtenaw  oo.,  Mich. 

Nora,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  134. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

Nora  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Burlington,  Ceaa 
Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Nora  Springs, 
and  8  miles  E.  of  Mason  City,  Iowa. 

Nora  Springs,  a  post- village  in  Rock  Grove  township, 
Floyd  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad  (Iowa  A  Dakota  division), 
9  miles  E.  of  Mason  City,  and  18  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Charles  City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
a  high  school,  2  grist-mills,  and  an  iron-foundry.   Pop.  846 


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Norba  Ceesarea,  the  ancient  name  of  Alc^Cntara. 

Nor'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Md.,  3 
milea  E.  of  Rockville. 

Norber?,  noR'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laan  and  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Westerns. 

Nor'borne,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  66  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Kansas  City,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Carrollton. 
It  has  a  newspaper  ofl5ce,  4  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
oflBce,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1005. 

Norburgy  a  town  of  Sleswick.    See  Nordborg. 

Norcia,  noR'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  E.  of  Spo- 
leto.  It  is  situated  in  a  high  valley,  near  the  source  of  the 
Nera,  and  has  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and  agricultural  produce. 
It  is  identical  with  the  ancient  Nur'sia.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see.     Pop.  8687. 

Nor'cross,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  <fc  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  20  miles  N.B.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  2  seminaries,  6  stores,  and  a 
steam  cotton-gin.     Pop.  about  500. 

Nord,  noR,  a  department  of  France,  so  named  from  its 
position  in  the  N.  of  that  country,  formed  of  the  old  prov- 
ince of  Flanders,  on  the  frontiers  of  Belgium.  Area,  2170 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  1,736,34:1,  being,  after  the 
department  of  Seine,  the  most  populous  in  France.  The 
surface  is  generally  flat,  and  watered  by  numerous  streams, 
among  which  are  the  Aa,  the  Scheldt  and  its  afSuents  the 
Scarpe  and  Lys,  the  Deule,  and  the  Sambre,  all  navigable, 
and  generally  united  by  canals.  It  has  rich  mines  of  coal, 
iron,  turf,  and  bitumen.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  best 
cultivated  in  France.  Its  staple  products  are  cereal  grains, 
flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  hops,  Ac.  Fishing  is  actively  pur- 
sued on  the  coasts.  The  department  of  Nord  is  also  the 
most  industrious  in  France ;  it  has  manufactures  of  every 
kind,  of  which  the  most  celebrated  are  cotton  stuffs,  woollen 
cloth,  iron,  cambric,  linen,  lace,  thread,  and  beet  sugar. 
The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of 
Avesnes,  Cambrai,  Douai,  Dunkerque,  Hazebrouck,  Lille, 
and  Valenciennes.     Capital,  Lille. 

Nord,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad  (Oregon  division),  102  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Sacramento.     It  has  a  hotel  and  3  stores. 

Nord-Amerika.    See  North  America. 

Nordborg,  noRd'boRO,  or  Norburg,  noR'bSSRO,  a 
town  of  Sleswick,  on  the  island  of  Alsen,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Apenrade.     Pop.  1541. 

Norden,  noR'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Aurich,  joins  the  German  Ocean  by  a  canal. 
Pop.  6130. 

Nor'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D.,  10  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Clear  Lake.     It  has  a  church. 

Norderney,  noR'd^r-ni^  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  the 
North  Sea,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Aurich,  with  an  area  of  4 
square  miles.    It  has  sea-bathing  establishments.    P.  2042. 

Norder  Oog,  noR'd^r  og,  and  Suder  Oog,  soo'der 
OG,  Prussia,  are  islands  of  Sleswick,  in  the  North  Sea,  W. 
of  Pel  worm. 

Nordhalben,  noRt'h&rb^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Rodach,  30  miles  N.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1734. 

Nordhausen,  noRt'how^z§n,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Zorge. 
Pop.  23,570.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls  flanked  by  towers, 
and  has  numerous  churches,  a  gymnasium  and  other  high 
schools,  3  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  theatre,  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen,  chemicals,  sealing-wax,  soap, 
and  leather,  and  many  distilleries  and  oil-mills. 

Nordheim,  noRt'hime,  or  Nort'heim,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  12  miles  N.  of  Gottingen,  on  the 
Ruhme.  Pop.  5661.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
manufactures  of  tobacco. 

Nordheim,  Saxe- Weimar.    See  Kaltbn-Nordheim. 

Nordheim,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franoonia, 
on  the  Main.     Pop.  1039. 

Nordheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  Wiirtemberg,  baili- 
wick of  Brackenheim.     Pop.  1170. 

Nord'hof,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ventura  oo.,  Cal.,  in  the 
Ojai  Valtey,  30  miles  E.  of  Santa  Barbara. 

Nordhorn,  noRt'hoRn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  44  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  the  Vechta.     Pop.  1541. 

Nordkoping,  Sweden.    See  Norrkjoping. 

Nordlaud,  noRd'l&nd,  or  Norr'land,  an  amt  of  Nor- 
way, mostly  between  lat.  65°  and  70°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and 
22°  E.,  having  W.  the  Atlantic.  Area,  comprising  the 
LoSbden  Islands,  14,337  square  miles.  Pop.  104,151. 
Chief  town,  Bodoe. 

Nordland,  or  Norrland,  the  N.  division  of  Iceland. 

Nurdland,  Lyon  oo.,  Minn.    See  Norland. 


Ndrdlingen,  or  Noerdlingen,  n8Rt'ling-§n,  almost 
nilRt'ling-^in,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Goldbaoh,  and  on 
the  railway  between  DonauwSrth  and  Oettingen,  50  milea 
S.W.  of  Nuremberg.  It  is  enclosed  by  ancient  bastioned 
ramparts,  and  has  a  handsome  Gothic  cathedral  with  many 
curious  monuments  and  paintings  and  a  tower  345  feet  in 
height,  several  other  churches,  a  town  hall  ornamented 
with  fresco  paintings,  an  orphan  asylum,  considerable  man- 
ufactures of  leather,  linens,  woollen  stuffs,  and  caipeta,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  feathers  and  hogs.     Pop.  7223. 

Nordstrand,  noRt'str&nd,  an  island  of  Prussia,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Sleswick,  15  miles  N.E.  of  the  month  of  the 
Eider.  Area,  20  square  miles.  Pop.  2344.  N.  of  it  is  the 
islet  NoRDSTRANDiscH-MooR,  noRt'strind-ish  m5R. 

Nor'dyke,  or  Nor'dyk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  oo., 
Iowa,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Nord  Zee,  the  Dutch  name  of  the  North  Sea. 

Nore,  The,  a  part  of  the  estuary  of  the  English  river 
Thames,  E.  of  Sheemess.  The  Nore  light  floats  on  a  sand- 
bank, 4  miles  N.E.  of  Sheemess. 

Norenberg,  no'r^n-biRO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  40  miles  K  of  Stettin,  on  Lake  Enzig.     Pop.  2776. 

Norfield,  Connecticut.     See  Northpield. 

Norfolk,  nor'f9k,  a  county  of  England,  having  N.  and 
E.  the  North  Sea,  and  W.  the  Wash.  Area,  2116  square 
miles.  Surface  level,  or  gently  undulating.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Great  and  Little  Ouse,  and  Tare.  Parks,  woods, 
and  rabbit-warrens  are  numerous.  Vast  quantities  of  tur- 
keys and  geese  are  reared  for  the  London  market.  Marl  is 
the  only  mineral  of  consequence.  Many  lines  of  railway 
traverse  this  county.  Chief  towns,  Norwich,  Yarmouth, 
Lynn,  and  Thetford.  Its  E.  and  W.  divisions  each  send 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  eight  members 
are  sent  by  its  boroughs.  Under  the  Britons  Norfolk  formed 
a  part  of  the  territory  of  the  Ice'ni,  and  under  the  Saxons, 
of  the  kingdom  of  East  Anglia.     Pop.  (1891)  456,474. 

Norfolk,  nor'fgk,  a  county  in  tne  E.  part  of  Massa- 
chusetts, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  The  N. 
part  of  it  is  adjacent  to  Boston.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Massachusetts  Bay,  intersected  by  the  Charles  River,  and 
partly  drained  by  the  Neponset  River.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  elm,  beech,  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is 

Sartly  fertile,  and  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  Ac. 
[any  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  the  manufacture 
of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  paper,  straw  goods,  leather,  and 
other  articles.  This  county  has  extensive  quarries  of  fine 
Quincy  granite.  It  is  intersected  by  various  branches  of 
the  New  York  &  New  England  and  Old  Colony  Railroads. 
Capital,  Dedham.  Pop.  in  1870,  89,443;  in  1880,  96,507; 
in  1890, 118,950. 

Norfolk,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  476  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  a  part  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  called  Hampton  Roads,  and 
is  contiguous  to  the  mouth  of  James  River.  It  is  drained 
by  Elizabeth  River  and  Deep  Creek.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cypress  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Indian  corn  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  comprises  a  large  part 
of  the  Dismal  Swamp,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Dismal 
Swamp  Canal,  and  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  A  Western 
Railroad,  the  Atlantic  A  Danville  Railroad,  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  A  Norfolk 
Railroad,  and  others.  Capital,  Portsmouth.  This  is  the 
most  populous  county  of  the  state,  except  Henrico.  Pop.  in 
1870,  46,702;  in  1880,  58,657;  in  1890,  77,038. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  township,  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Central  New  England  A  Western  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  hills.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  a  savings-bank,  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  silk-mill,  and  manufactures  of  axles,  hosiery, 
shears,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880, 1418 ;  in  1890, 1546. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  oi  Norfolk  oo.,  Mass.,  in  a  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  A  Erie 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churcbea 
and  a  woollen-mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Charles  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  920. 

Norfolk,  a  post-township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.   P.  241. 

Norfolk,  a  hamlet  of  Mississippi  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  4i  miles  below  Bird's  Point. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Elkhorn  River,  2  miles  N.  of  that 
river,  and  about  50  mi^ea  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  bank, 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  United 
States  land  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  547;  in  1890,  3038. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  township,  St.  Law- 


i. 


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renoe  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racket  River,  about  28  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Ogdensburg,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Ogdensburg  A,  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad.  It  has  water-power  and  several  mills 
and  churches,  also  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture, 
and  starch.     Pop.  640 ;  of  the  township,  2476. 

Norfolk,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Va., 
is  situated  on  the  right  or  N.  bank  of  Elizabeth  River,  8 
miles  from  Hampton  Roads,  32  miles  from  the  sea,  160 
miles  by  water  or  106  miles  by  land  S.E.  of  Richmond. 
Lat.  36®  61'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  19'  W.  The  river,  which  is  seven- 
eighths  of  a  mile  wide,  separates  it  from  Portsmouth.  Next 
to  Richmond,  Norfolk  is  the  most  populous  city  of  Virginia, 
and  together  with  Portsmouth  is  the  most  important  naval 
station  in  the  Union.  (See  Portsmouth.)  The  harbor  is 
large,  safe,  and  easily  accessible,  admitting  vessels  of  the 
largest  class.  The  site  of  the  city  is  level ;  the  streets  are 
wide  and  mostly  well  built  with  brick  or  stone  houses.  The 
most  conspicuous  public  buildings  are  the  city  hall,  which 
has  a  granite  front,  a  cupola  110  feet  high,  and  a  portico 
of  six  Tuscan  columns;  the  Norfolk  Military  Academy,  a 
Doric  structure,  with  a  portico  of  six  columns  at  each  end ; 
Masonic  Hall;  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
building,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  South ;  the  United  States 
onstom-house ;  and  the  new  market  and  armory  building.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  57  churches,  2  hospitals,  3  orphan 
asylums,  several  academies,  2  national  banks,  7  other 
banks,  an  academy  of  music,  a  city  library,  and  an  electric 
street-railway  system.  Four  daily  and  quite  a  number  of 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Norfolk  commu- 
nicates with  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  Rich- 
mond, Boston,  and  Providence  by  regular  lines  of  steamers. 
It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Norfolk  A  Western,  Atlanta 
&,  Danville,  Norfolk  &  Southern,  Norfolk  &  Carolina,  and 
Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroads,  the  Seaboard  Air-Line  sys- 
tem, and  the  Coast- Line  system.  Its  trade  is  facilitated  by 
the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal  (from  Norfolk  to  the  navigable 
Pasquotank  River)  and  the  Albemarle  &  Chesapeake  Canal. 
The  entrance  of  the  harbor  is  defended  by  Forts  Calhoun 
and  Monroe.  Large  quantities  of  cotton,  coal,  lumber,  pea- 
nuts, oysters,  early  fruits,  and  vegetables  are  shipped  here. 
The  trade  exhibit  of  1893  reached  $86,000,000.  It  has  a 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  Cotton  Exchange,  Business  Men's 
Association,  Real  Estate  Exchange,  and  Manufacturers' 
Association.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,229;  in  1880,21,966;  in  1890, 
34,871.    Its  pop.  in  1894  was  estimated  at  45,000  to  50,000. 

Norfolk)  nor'fpk,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  upon 
Lake  Erie.  Area,  635  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Canada  Southern  and  Grand  Trunk  Railways.  Capital, 
Simcoe.     Pop.  30,760. 

Norfolk  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  between  New  Zealand 
and  New  Caledonia,  in  lat.  29°  S.,  Ion.  168°  10'  E.,  about 
1200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sydney.  Length,  6  miles  ;  breadth,  4 
miles.  In  its  centre  is  Mount  Pitt.  The  island  is  well 
watered  and  fertile ;  and  its  climate  is  healthy.  It  was  a 
British  penal  colony  from  1825  to  1845,  and  in  1857  was 
colonized  by  a  party  of  Pitcairn  Islanders.  Pop.  481.  It 
is  nominally  under  the  governor  of  New  South  Wales. 

Norfolk  Plains,  a  district  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tasma- 
nia, bordering  on  Bass's  Strait.  Area,  2250  square  miles. 
Pop.  3638.  Principal  rivers,  the  Mersey,  Rubicon,  West 
River,  and  LiS"ey.  Principal  towns,  Latour  and  Westbury. 
On  its  coast  are  forts. 

Norfolk  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Alaska,  is  a  bay  on 
the  W.  side  of  Alexander  Archipelago,  on  which  is  the 
town  of  Sitka. 

Norge,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Norway. 

Norham,  nor'^m,  or  Centreville,  a  post- village  in 
Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  Salt  Creek,  14  miles  N.  of 
Colborne.     Pop.  200. 

Noria,  no-ree'4,  a  village  of  Peru,  37' miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Iquique. 

Nor'ic  Alps  (L.  Al'pes  Nor'icte),  that  portion  of  the 
great  Alpine  chain  stretching  from  the  Rhsetian  Alps, 
about  Ion.  12°  15'  E.,  in  an  E.  direction  to  Vienna  and 
Presburg,  and  covering  with  its  ramifications  Styria,  Salz- 
burg, South  Austria,  and  a  part  of  Carinthia,  all  of  which 
provinces  were  comprised  in  the  ancient  Noricum. 

Norimberga,  a  city  of  Bavaria.     See  Nuremberg. 

Nor'land,  or  Nord'land,  a  hamlet  of  Lyon-co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mar- 
shall. It  has  2  warehouses  for  grain.  Here  is  Minneota 
Post-Office.     Pop.  of  Norland  township,  208. 

Nor'land,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Gull  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Fenelon  Falls.     Pop.  100. 

Nor'ma,  a  post-ofiice  of  Webster  co..  Mo. 

Nor'mal,  a  post-village  in  Normal  township,  McLean 
eo.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 


the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Bloomington, 
and  124  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  Here  is  the  Illinois 
State  Normal  University,  organized  in  1857,  the  edifice  of 
which  cost  about  $200,000.  Normal  contains  4  or  5  churches 
and  a  soldiers'  orphans'  home,  and  near  it  are  large  nur- 
series. It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  bricks,  woollen  goods, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2470;  in  1890,  5459. 

Nor'malville,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  th« 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Chi- 
cago. The  village  is  a  part  of  Englewood.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Cook  County  Normal  School,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  sewing-machines. 

Nor'man  (or  Norman's)  Island,  one  of  the  Virgin 
Islands,  West  Indies,  E.  of  St,  John.  Lat.  18°  19'  N. ; 
Ion.  64°  32'  W.     On  its  W.  side  is  Man-of-War  Bay. 

Nor'man,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  111.     Pop.  354. 

Norman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fairbury. 

Norman,  a  station  in  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Duluth. 

Norman,  a  township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn. 
Pop. 123. 

Norman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co,,  N.D.,  17  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Fargo. 

Norman,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis. 

Nor'manby,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  6  mile« 
W.N.W.  of  Guisborough.     Pop.  3656. 

Nor'mand,  a  post-ofiice  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Nor'manda,  or  Nor'mandy,  a  post-village  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tip- 
ton, and  13  or  14  miles  S.  of  Kokomo.  It  has  several 
churches  and  3  general  stores. 

Nor'mandale,  a  post-village  in  NV>rfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Erie,  11  miles  S.  of  Simcoe.     Pop.  100. 

Nor'mandy  (Fr.  Normandie,  noR^m6N«Mee' ;  L.  Nor- 
man'nia  or  Neui'tria),  an  ancient  province  of  France,  wa« 
divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Normandy,  and  was  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  tne  English  Channel.  Area,  10,534  square 
miles.  On  the  decline  of  the  Roman  Empire  it  was  seized 
by  the  Franks,  and  afterwards,  in  the  ninth  century, 
wrested  from  them  by  the  Normans,  from  whom  it  ha« 
derived  its  name,  and  who  made  Rouen  its  capital.  When 
William  the  Conqueror  mounted  the  English  throne,  in  1066, 
it  was  incorporated  with  the  English  monarchy,  of  which  it 
continued  to  form  an  important  part  till  1204,  when  it  was 
united  to  France  by  Philip  Augustus.  It  was  again  taken 
by  the  English  in  1419,  and  was  retained  by  them  till  1425, 
when  it  was  finally  joined  to  France  under  Charles  VII.  It 
is  now  divided  into  the  departments  of  Seine-Inf6rieare, 
Eure,  Calvados,  Manche,  and  Orne.  Normandy  occupied 
the  central  portion  of  the  kingdom  of  Neustria  (Fr.  Netu- 
trie,  nnsHree'),  one  of  the  parts  into  which  the  empire  of 
Charlemagne  was  divided,  and  which  extended  from  the 
mouths  of  the  Rhine  to  the  Bay  of  Biscay.    See  Ostrasia. 

Nor'mandy,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Normandy,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Normandy,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  60  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  a 
saw-mill,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Normandy,  Ontario.    See  Orchardville. 

Norman  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex. 

Norma'nia,  a  township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn 
Pop.  192. 

Nor'man  Isles  comprise  the  Channel  Islands,  Jeb- 
SBY,  Guernsey,  Ac.  (which  see).  They  are  the  sole  por- 
tions of  Normandy  yet  remaining  to  England. 

Nor'man's  Kill,  a  creek  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  about  4  miles 
below  Albany  City. 

Norman's  Store,  a  post-office  of  James  co.,  Tenn. 

Norman's  Woe,  a  dangerous  islet  or  reef  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Gloucester,  Mass. 

Nor'manton,  or  Port  El'gin,  a  post-village  of  On- 
tario, CO.  of  Bruce,  on  the  B.  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  and  on 
the  Wellington,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  5  miles  S.  of  San- 
geen,  and  28^  miles  N.W.  of  Walkerton.  It  contains  several 
stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office,  Normanton  is 
a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  750. 

Nor'man  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  oo.,  W.  Va., 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church. 

Nor'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kan- 
sas, about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Atchison.     It  has  a  church. 

Nor'oton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fairfield  oo« 
Conn.,  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroao, 


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38  miles  N.E.  of  New  York  City.  Here  is  Fitch's  Home  for 
Soldiers,  with  a  library,  a  school  for  soldiers'  children,  and 
a  large  and  fine  gallery  of  paintings. 

Norovtchat,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Narovchat. 

]Voroy-le-Bourgr,noVwi'-l§h-booR,  atown  of  France, 
in  Haute-Sa8ne,  7  miles  E.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  1195. 

Norrbotten,  noH'bot-t^n,  or  Pite&,  pit'e-5,  the  largest 
and  northernmost  IsBn  of  Sweden,  bordering  upon  Norway, 
Russia,  and  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  39,791  square  miles. 
It  includes  a  part  of  Swedish  Lapland.  It  produces  some 
grain,  timber,  live-stock,  and  iron  ore,  and  the  country 
abounds  in  lakes  and  rivers,  but  is  very  thinly  settled. 
The  long  Arctic  summer,  when  for  several  weeks  the  sun 
does  not  set,  becomes  very  hot  in  some  places,  and  the  win- 
ters are  very  severe;  but  the  climate  is  healthy.  Capital, 
Pite4.     Pop.  86,655. 

Norrent-Fontes,  noR^RfiN»'-fiNt,  a  village  of  France, 
Pas-de-Calais,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  B^thune.     Pop.  1438. 

ITorridgewock,  nor'rij-w6k^,  a  post- village  in  Nor- 
ridgewock  township,  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec 
River  and  the  Somerset  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Au- 
gusta. Norridgewock  has  several  churches  and  a  seminary. 
Pop.  546 ;  of  the  township,  1756. 

Nor'ris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Canton. 
It  has  a  church. 

Norris,  a  station  in  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Cedar  Falls. 

NorriS)  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  De- 
troit A  Bay  City  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  the  city  hall  of 
Detroit.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
planing-mill,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Norris,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1485. 

Norris  City,  a  post- village  in  Indian  Creek  township. 
White  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
Railroad,  89  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Shawneetown.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  223. 

Norris  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Oak 
Hill  Institute,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Norris  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on  Big 
Creek,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warrensburg.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  drug-store. 

Nor'ristown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  near  the  Little  Rock  & 
Fort  Smith  Railroad,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Norristown,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Norristown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  East 
township,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  a 
church. 

Norristown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  on  the  Phil- 
adelphia A  Reading  Railroad  and  the  Schuylkill  Valley 
Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  41  miles  E.S.E  of  Reading.  It  occupies 
an  elevated  site.  Brick,  marble,  and  stone  are  the  materials 
employed  exclusively  in  building.  This  town  is  lighted 
with  electricity.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  built  of  light- 
gray  marble  which  was  quarried  in  the  vicinity,  23  churches, 
2  public  libraries,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks  or  trust 
companies,  3  rolling-mills,  several  cotton-mills,  woollen- 
factories,  flour-mills,  foundries,  machine-shops,  nut-,  bolt-, 
and  radiator-works,  2  iron-furnaces,  large  steel-works,  3 
Bhirt-factories,  3  stocking-factories,  and  manufactures  of 
glass,  tacks,  Ac.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  The  state  hospital  for  the  insane  for  the 
eastern  district  is  located  here.  Two  bridges  across  the  river 
connect  Norristown  with  Bridgeport,  the  E.  terminus  of 
the  Chester  Valley  Railroad.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Philadelphia  by  the 
Pennsylvania  and  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroads.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,753;  in  1880,  13,063;  in  1890,  19,791. 

Nor'risviHe,  a  post-village  of  Harford  oo.,  Md.,  about 
32  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Norrisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church. 

Norrisville,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.    See  MacLeban's. 

Nor'riton,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1335. 

Nor'ritonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa., 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

NorrkjOping,  noR'cho^ping,  or  Nordk5ping,  noRd'- 
cho^ping,  a  town  and  port  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Linkoping, 
on  tne  Motala,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  near  its 


mouth  in  the  Baltic,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  a 
railway  terminus.  It  has  numerous  manufactures  of  br&u 
and  hardwares,  linen,  cotton,  and  coarse  woollen  fabrica, 
gloves,  starch,  paper,  leather,  and  sugar,  oil-mills,  ship- 
building docks,  and  a  salmon-fishery.  Its  quay  is  commo- 
dious, and  admits  of  vessels  coming  close  to  it.    Pop.  26,927. 

Norrland,  Norway  and  Iceland.     See  Nordland. 

Norrland  and  Lapland,  a  division  of  Sweden,  com- 
prising  the  5  northern  Isens  of  Qefle,  HemSsaird,  Jemt- 
land,  Westerbotten,  and  Norrbotten.  Area,  100,360  sqnare 
miles.     Pop.  539,745. 

Norrska  Fieiien,  noRs'ki  fySl'l^n,  or  Norwegian 
(noR-wee'jan)  Range,  a  name  sometimes  employ^  by 
geographers  to  designate  the  mass  of  mountains  which, 
commencing  near  the  Dovrefield  Mountains,  occupies  more 
than  three-fourths  of  the  S.  part  of  Norway.  It  includea 
the  ranges  known  by  the  names  of  Langfield,  Sogne-Fjeld, 
Fille-Fjeld,  Byglefield,  and  Yoklefield. 

Norrtleje,  nont'li^yi,  written  also  Nortelje,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  37  miles  N.E.  of  Stockholm, 
on  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1555. 

Norseland,  norss'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicollet  oo., 
Minn.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches. 

Norsk,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  76. 

Nort,  noR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- Inf^rieure,  on  the 
Erdre,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2250. 

North,  a  township  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  223. 

North,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lake  Michi- 
gan. Pop.  1593.  It  contains  Toleston,  Gibson's  Station, 
Clarke  Station,  Ac. 

North,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1484. 

North,  £l  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  511, 
exclusive  of  Parsons. 

North,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  725. 

North,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1202.  It 
contains  Mastersville. 

North  Ab'ington,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Abington  township,  on  the  Plymouth  Branch  of 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Hanover 
Branch  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 

North  Ac'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Me.,  in 
Acton  township,  on  a  small  lake,  about  40  miles  W.  of 
Portland. 

North  Acton,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Nashua,  Acton  A  Boston  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.W.  of 
Concord. 

North  Ad'ams,  a  post-village  in  North  Adams  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Hoosao  River,  near  the 
W.  end  of  the  great  Hoosao  Tunnel,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Pittsfield,  and  about  36  miles  E.  of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  is 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Greylock,  the  highest  mountain  in  the 
state,  and  is  surrounded  by  high  hills  and  beautiful  scenery. 
It  contains  a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  a  first- 
class  hotel,  a  fine  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  7 
churches.  Here  are  important  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  boots,  shoes,  and  other  articles.  The  town- 
ship has  11  cotton-mills  and  6  woollen-mills,  and  the  annual 
value  of  the  products  manufactured  here  is  about  $7,000,000. 
The  Hoosac  Tunnel,  perforated  through  the  Hoosao  Moun- 
tain, is  nearly  5  miles  long,  and  is  part  of  a  railroad  con- 
necting Boston  with  Troy  and  Albany.  North  Adams  is  on 
the  Troy  A  Boston  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Pittsfield  A  North  Adams  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890, 16,074. 

North  Adams,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich., 
in  Adams  township,  on  the  Detroit  Hillsdale  A  Indiana 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  lumber-mill.  It  is  sometimes  called 
Cutler's  Corners.     Pop.  in  1890,  504. 

Nortbal'Ierton,  a  borough  of  England,  oo.  and  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  York,  West  Riding.  It  stands  in  the 
beautiful  vale  of  the  Wiske.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  In  the  vicinity  is  "  Standard  Hill," 
so  called  from  the  famous  "  battle  of  the  Standard,"  in 
which  the  English  defeated  the  Scotch  in  1138. 

North  Al'mond,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.7.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Almond  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Alton,  awl't^n,  or  BackUnn',  a  post-village 
of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  2  distilleries,  a  brewery,  a  floor- 
mill,  and  a  new  town  hall.  Coal  is  mined  in  its  vicinity. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,294.     Post-office,  North  Alton. 

Nor'tham,  a  town  of  England,  in  Devon,  2  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bideford.     Pop.  of  parish,  4330. 

North  America.    See  America. 


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North  Amherst,  am'§rst,  a  post-village  in  Amherst 
township,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  22  miles  N.  of 
Springfield.  Its  post-oflBce  is  1  mile  from  the  New  London 
I^rthem  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  several 
saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  leather-board,  straw-board, 
wrapping-paper,  sash,  Ac. 

North  Amherst,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township, 
Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  36  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  28  miles  E. 
of  Sandusky.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  union  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry, 
manufactures  of  grindstones,  &c.     Po{».  in  1890,  1648. 

Northamp'ton,  or  Northamptonshire,  north- 
amp't^n-shir,  a  central  county  of  England.  Area,  985  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  gentle  hills 
and  vales,  richly  wooded,  and  adorned  with  an  unusual 
number  of  mansions  and  parks.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Nene,  Welland,  and  Ouse.  Wheat  and  beans  are  the  prin- 
cipal crops,  but  the  breeding  of  heavy  black  horses,  snort- 
horned  cattle,  and  sheep,  and  the  feeding  of  cattle,  form, 
with  the  dairy,  the  chief  objects  of  husbandry.  Important 
canals  and  railways  traverse  the  county.  Chief  towns, 
Northampton,  Peterborough,  Higham-Perrers,  Brackley, 
and  Wellingborough.  It  sends  four  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons  for  the  county,  besides  four  for  its  boroughs. 
Pop.  in  1891,  302,184. 

Northampton,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  a  slope  rising  from  the  left  bank  of  the 
Nene,  and  on  a  branch  canal  connecting  the  Nene  with  the 
Grand  Junction  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  60  miles  N.W. 
of  London.  It  is  built  of  a  reddish  stone  obtained  in  the 
vicinity,  and  has  four  principal  streets,  meeting  in  a  market- 
place, one  of  the  finest  in  England.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  its  ecclesiastical  edifices  in- 
clude 8  churches  of  the  Establishment,  and  numerous 
chapels.  The  principal  literary  and  educational  institu- 
tions are  the  free  grammar-school,  blue-coat,  national, 
British,  and  other  schools ;  the  mechanics'  institute,  which 
possesses  a  library;  the  Religious  and  Useful  Knowledge 
Society,  with  a  library;  an  athenaeum,  an  arohaeological 
society,  and  an  architectural  society.  The  benevolei  t  in- 
stitutions include,  in  addition  to  the  infirmary,  a  general 
and  lunatic  asylum,  the  Royal  Victoria  Dispensary,  St. 
John's  and  Thomas-t\-Becket  hospitals,  &c. 

The  staple  manufacture  is  boots  and  shoes,  which  are 
made  very  extensively  for  the  supply  of  the  army  and  of 
the  London  and  other  markets,  and  also  for  export.  The 
currying  of  leather  is  carried  on  upon  a  large  scale.  The 
borough  has  also  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  breweries,  and 
paper-  and  corn-mills.  Hosiery-  and  lace-making,  once 
important  branches  of  industry,  have  declined.  North- 
ampton has  several  banks  and  newspapers,  barracks,  corn 
exchange,  vestiges  of  a  castle  built  at  the  Conquest,  and, 
about  half  a  mile  S.  of  the  town,  one  of  the  most  perfect 
of  the  funeral  crosses  erected  by  Edward  I.  in  honor  of  his 
queen.  It  is  the  principal  place  of  election  for  the  county, 
and  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
1460  the  Earl  of  Warwick  gained  here  a  great  victory  over 
the  Lancastrians  in  the  meadows  on  the  Nene,  immediately 
S.  of  the  town.     Pop.  in  1881,  51,881 ;  in  1891,  61,016. 

Northamp'ton,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  bordering 
on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  568  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Roanoke  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Meherrin  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  from 
which  much  lumber  is  obtained.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  the  French 
Broad  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Petersburg  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,749;  in  1880,  20,032;  in 
1890,  21,242. 

Northampton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, bordering  on  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  380 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Delaware 
'River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  which  also 
intersects  the  S.  part.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain 
extends  along  the  N.W.  border.  The  central  part  of  the 
county  is  a  wide  and  fertile  valley,  the  surface  of  which  is 
nearly  level.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  agricultural  products.  Pig-iron  and  slate  are 
among  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Potsdam  sandstone  is 
found  in  the  South  Mountain,  in  this  county,  which  has 
also  rich  mines  of  zinc  and  iron  ore  and  quarries  of  good 
limestone  and  slate.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Central  of 
New  Jersey  Railroad,  the  Bangor  <fc  Portland  Railroad,  and 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.     The  Philadelphia  &  Reading 


Railroad  connects  it  with  Philadelphia.  Capital,  Eastoa. 
Pop.  in  1870,  61,432;  in  1880,  70,312;  in  1890,  84,220. 

Northampton,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia. 
Area,  290  square  miles.  It  is  the  S.  part  of  a  peninsula 
which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  on 
the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  Cape  Charles  is  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  this  county,  which  is  about  32  miles  long  and 
at  some  places  less  than  5  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Maize,  oats,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  A  Norfolk 
Railroad.  Capital,  Eastville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8046;  in  1880, 
9152;  in  1890,  10,313. 

Northampton,  or  North  Hampton,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Peoria  co..  111.,  about  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Peoria.  It 
has  2  churches  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  &o. 

Northampton,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  nearly  IJ  miles  W.  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield,  and  19  miles 
S.  of  Greenfield.  It  is  delightfully  situated  on  a  fertile 
intervale  which  is  partly  enclosed  by  high  hills,  and  is  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Holyoke.  Here  are  the  state  lunatio 
asylum,  which  will  accommodate  500  patients,  and  the 
Clarke  Institution  for  Mutes,  which  has  an  endowment  of 
$500,000.  Northampton  contains  many  fine  residences,  10 
churches,  3  public  libraries,  3  national  banks,  3  savings- 
banks,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  This  city  is  the  site  of 
Smith  College,  the  largest  and  highest  seat  of  learning  for 
women  in  the  United  States,  having  requirements  similar 
to  Harvard  University.  It  has  about  800  students.  The 
city  is  noted  for  its  charitable  endowments,  over  $6,000,000 
being  held  in  trust  for  charities,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  the  endowment  for  indentui<)d  boys  and  girls, 
$1,500,000;  for  an  agricultural  school,  $300,000;  for  2 
public  libraries,  $800,000;  for  a  school  for  deaf  mutes, 
$500,000 ;  for  Smith  College,  $400,000 ;  for  a  free  kinder- 
gartcn  school,  $400,000;  for  an  art  gallery,  $40,000;  for  a 
public  hospital,  $150,000 ;  for  an  academy  of  music,  $100,- 
000 ;  for  a  high  school,  $10,000 ;  for  general  relief  of  the 
poor,  $100,000 ;  and  for  a  public  library  in  a  suburban 
village,  $100,000.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  thread, 
braid,  and  fabrics,  fine  table  cutlery,  baskets,  hardware,  oil- 
stoves,  skates,  tooth-  and  hair-brushes,  sewing-machines, 
and  emery-wheels.  Electric  cars  run  between  Northamp- 
ton, Florence,  Leeds,  Haydenville,  and  Williamsburg. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1860,  6788;  in  1870,  10,160;  in 
1880,  12,172;  in  1890,  14,990. 

Northampton,  a  post-village  in  Northampton  town- 
ship, Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  18  miles  N. 
of  Amsterdam,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany,  It 
has  3  churches.  The  township  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  Northville.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1992. 
Northampton  Village  is  familiarly  called  Fish  House. 

Northampton,  township,  Bucks  co..  Pa.      Pop.  2049. 

Northamptonshire,  England.    See  Northampton. 

North  An'dover,  a  post-village  in  North  Andover 
township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
high  school  and  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Merrimao  River,  and  has  manufactures  of 
flannel,  woollen  goods,  machinery,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 3742.     It  contains  also  North  Andover  Depot. 

North  Andover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Guttenberg,  Iowa.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

North  Andover  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  in  North  Andover  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River, 
and  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Western  division  with  the  Lawrence  Branch,  28  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  public  library,  2  wool- 
len-factories, and  a  large  machine-shop.  It  is  connected 
with  Lawrence  and  Methuen  by  an  electric  railway.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Sutton's  Mills. 

North  An'na,  a  small  river  of  Virginia,  drains  part 
of  Orange  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Louisa  and  Hanover  on  the  right  and 
Spottsylvania  and  Caroline  on  the  left.  It  unites  with  the 
South  Anna  about  18  miles  N.  of  Richmond  to  form  the 
Pamunkey  River. 

North  Ann'ville,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1910. 

North  An'son,  a  post-village  in  Anson  township, 
Somerset  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the 
Somerset  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norridgewock,  and 
about  42  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  savings-bank,  and  ha» 
manufactures  of  oricks,  carriages,  Ac. 


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North  Ap'pleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  in 
Appleton  township,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  haa 
a  church. 

North  AracaUf  Burmah.    See  Northern  Aracan. 

North  Ar'cot)  a  district  of  India,  Madras  presidency, 
having  Nellore  and  Cuddapah  district  on  the  N.W.  and  N., 
Chingleput  on  the  E.,  South  Arcot  and  Salem  on  the  S.,  and 
Mysore  on  the  W.  Area,  15,146  square  miles.  It  is  flat, 
except  in  the  W.,  and  is  traversed  by  the  river  Palaur. 
Capital,  Chittoor.     Pop,  2,007,667. 

North  Argyle,  ar-ghil',  a  post-hamlet  in  Argyle  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Whitehall, 
and  6  miles  E.  of  Fort  Edward.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Ashburnham,  Mass.    See  Burraobtille. 

North  Ash'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
in  Ashford  township,  about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  church. 

North  Attleboroagh,  at't^l-biir-riih,  a  post-town  of 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Attleborough  Branch  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad, 
about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  jewelry.  Pop.  in 
1890,  6727. 

North  Auburn,  aw'burn,  a  post-village  in  Auburn 
township,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  40  miles  N.  of  Portland, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Auburn  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Augusta,  aw-gus't^,  a  post-village  in  Gren- 
ville  CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  Rideau  River,  20  miles 
N.  of  Fairfield  East.  It  contains  4  stores,  a  hotel,  a  tan- 
nery, and  carding-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

North  Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  post-hamlet  in  Aurora 
township,  Kane  co..  111.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  railroad 
between  Aurora  and  Geneva,  3i  miles  N.  of  Aurora.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a 
manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

North  Australia,  aws-tra'le-a,  that  part  of  Australia 
lying  N.  of  lat.  26°  S.  and  E.  of  Ion.  129°  E.,  having  N. 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  W.  the  Gulfs  of  Van  Diemen 
and  Cambridge.  This  vast  region  has  few  settlements.  It 
is  attached  for  government  purposes  to  South  Australia. 

North  Bald'win,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
30  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Portland. 

North  Bal'lard,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky. 

North  Baltimore,  bawl't^-mor,  a  post-village  in 
Henry  township,  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio 
Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Defiance.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper-office,  a  money-order  post-office,  4  saw-mills,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2857.     The  station  is  called  New  Baltimore. 

North  Ban'gor,  a  post-office  in  Bangor  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

North  Bangor,  a  post-village  in  Bangor  township, 
Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Malone. 

North  Barnstead,  bam'stSd,  a  post-office  of  Belknap 
00.,  N.H.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.  Here  is  a 
church. 

North  Barrington,  bear'ing-t9n,  a  post-village  of 
Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  in  Barrington  township,  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
aaw-mill. 

North  Bar'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barton  township, 
Tioga  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elmira. 

North  Bata'via,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich., 
5  miles  S.  of  Union  City.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Vienna  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego,  and 
14  miles  W.  of  Rome.  It  has  3  churches,  2  potteries,  2 
«aw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  348. 

North  Beaver,  bee'v^r,  a  township  of  Lawrence  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  line.     Pop.  1983. 

North  Becket,  Massachusetts.    See  Becket. 

North  BePgrade',  a  post-village  in  Belgrade  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Waterville,  and  about  15  miles  N.  of 
Augusta. 

North  Bel'lingham,  a  post-village  in  Bellingham 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

North  Bend,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  505. 

North  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Platte  River  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  62  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  897. 

North  Bend,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  on  the 

127 


Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayet^ 
Railroad  and  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  latter  with  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Whitewater  Valley 
Railroad,  16  miles  below  Cincinnati.  Here  is  the  former 
residence  of  General  William  H.  Harrison.     ' 

North  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  Coos 
River  or  bay,  60  miles  W.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  a  saw-mill 
and  a  ship-yard. 

North  Bend,  a  post-village  in  Melrose  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Black  River,  about  22  miles  N.  by  B. 
of  La  Crosse.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Ben'nington,  a  post-village  in  Bennington 
township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Walloomsao  River, 
and  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  51  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Rutland,  and  4  miles  N.X.W.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a 
bank,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  print  cloths,  paper,  boots,  and  shoes. 

North  Ben'son,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ey.,  on 
a  railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Frankfort. 

North  Ben'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Beloit  Station,  and  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Can- 
ton.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  138. 

North  Bergen,  ber'gh^n,  a  township  of  Hudson  oo., 
N.J.     Pop.  3032. 

North  Bergen,  a  post  hamlet  in  Bergen  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  bee-hives. 

North  Berne,  bfrn,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0., 
about  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus. 

North  Ber'wick,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Haddington,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  19  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  an  active  trade,  and 
is  frequented  as  a  bathing-place.     Pop.  1399. 

North  Ber'wick,  a  post-village  in  North  Berwick 
township,  York  oo..  Me.,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  and 
Portsmouth,  Saco  <fc  Portland  Railroads,  38  miles  S.W.  of 
Portland,  and  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has 
a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1623. 

North  Beth'el,  a  hamlet  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  in  Bethel 
township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

Nortn  Beveland,  Netherlands.    See  Bbykuaitd. 

North  Bev'eriy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Beverly  township, 
Essex  00.,  Mass.,  near  North  Bevetly  Station  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Billerica,  bil'l^r-ik-a,  a  post-village  in  Bil- 
lerica  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Concord 
River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad,  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Bedford  &  Billerica  Railroad,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  woollen-mills,  which  manu- 
facture flannel,  also  2  churches  and  3  schools. 

North  Bing'ham,  a  post-office  of  Potter  oo.,  Pa. 

North  Black  River.    See  Black  River. 

North  Blan'ford,  a  post-village  in  Blanford  town- 
ship, Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  basket-manufactory. 

North  Blenheim,  blen'him,  a  post-village  in  Blen 
heim  township,  Schoharie  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Schoharie  Creek, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Middleburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Bloom'field,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  oo., 
Cal.,  near  the  South  Yuba  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Nevada 
City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

North  Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  West  Bloomfield 
township,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Honeoye  Creek,  and  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  18  miles  S.  by  £.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  machine-shop, 
1  or  2  grist-mills,  Ac. 

North  Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Morrow  oo.,  0. 
Pop.  1194.     It  contains  Blooming  Grove. 

North  Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  Bloomfield 
township,  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown 
A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  ma 
academy,  a  cheese-factory,  Ac. 

North  Blue  Hill,  a  post-office  in  Blue  Hill  township. 
Hancock  co..  Me.,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangor. 

North  Bolton,  b0l't9n,  a  post-office  of  Warren  oo., 
N.Y.,  near  Lake  George,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

North  Booth'bay,  a  post-village  in  Boothbay  town- 
ship, Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath,  and 
5  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school.     It  is  2  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Northborough,  north'biir-rah,  a  post- village  in  North- 
borough  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston, 
Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  free  library,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  3  ohuroheii, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  horn  combs,  shell 
jewelry,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1952. 


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North  Boscawen,  bosk'woin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the  North- 
ern Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  Here  is  the 
county  poor-house  and  farm. 

Nortn  Bosque  (bosk)  Creek,  Texas,  enters  the  Bra- 
«08  River  from  the  N.W.,  in  McLennan  co. 

North  Bos'toU)  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Boston  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg  Station,  and 
about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  pump-factory. 

North  Brabant,  bri-bint'  (Dutch,  Noord  Brahand, 
noKt  bri-bS,nt'),  a  province  in  the  S.  of  the  Netherlands, 
situated  between  lat.  51°  13'  and  51°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  12' 
and  5°  58'  E.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Meuse,  Hollands-Diep, 
and  Qelderland,  W.  by  Zeeland,  S.  by  Belgium,  and  E.  by 
Limburg.  Capital,  Bois-le-Duc.  Area,  1988  square  miles. 
Pop.  462,966.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Meuse,  Dommel, 
Aa,  Donge,  and  Dintel.  The  country  is  flat,  and  in  some 
places  marshy.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  wood  rare.  The 
rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep  is  the  principal  rural  industry. 

North  Brad'ford,  a  post- village  in  Bradford  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  barrel -factory. 

North  Brad'ley,a  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
in  Geneva  township,  on  the  Flint  St  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Quthrie  oo.,  Iowa. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

North  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
wn  the  Patapsco  River,  2^  miles  from  Owing's  Mills  Station, 
and  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

North  Branch,  a  post-township  of  Lapeer  oo.,  Mioh. 
Pop.  937.     North  Branch  Post-Office  is  at  Beechville. 

North  Branch,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop.  681.  North  Branch 
Station,  in  Chisago  co.,  is  near  its  border. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  oo..  Neb. 

North  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antrim  township, 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  eo.,  N.J., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  about  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Morristown.  It  is  1  mile  from  North  Branch 
Depot,  which  is  on  the  Central  Railroad,  4J  miles  W.  of 
Sornerville.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Callicoon  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Monticello.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  oo.,  Va. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Wis. 

North  Branch  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  28^  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Elizabeth. 

North  Branch  of  Elkhorn  River,  Nebraska,  runs 
through  Pierce  co.  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Elk- 
horn  River  in  Madison  co.     It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

North  Branch  of  Susquehanna.  See  Susque- 
hanna RiVEH, 

North  Branch  Station,  a  post-village  in  Branch 
township,  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  on  tiie  Lake  Superior  & 
Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a 
steam  grist-mill. 

North  Bran'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Branford 
township.  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New 
Haven.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1035. 

North'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Northbridge  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the 
Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Wor- 
cester. It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  The 
township  has  manufactures  of  shirtings,  cotton  prints,  and 
machinery,  also  a  quarry  of  granite.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1880,  4053 ;  in  1890,  4603.  It  contains  villages 
named  Rockdale,  Northbridge  Centre,  and  Whitinsville. 

Northbridge  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Northbridge 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  from  the  Worcester 
&  Providence  Railroad,  and  about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

North  Bridgeton,  brij'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Bridge- 
ton  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  Long  Lake,  about 
42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
koademy.     Steamboats  navigate  the  lake. 


North  Bridgewater,  Massachusetts.    See  Brockton. 

North  BridgCAvater,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bridgewater 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Richfield  Junc- 
tion, which  is  14  miles  S.  of  Utica.   It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

North  Brighton,  brl'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co., 
Mass.,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Boston.  North  Brighton  is  a 
part  of  the  25th  ward  of  Boston,  and  its  post-office  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office. 

North  Bris'tol,  a  post- village  in  Bristol  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  <fe  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Youngstown. 

North  Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

North  Broadal'bin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Broadalbis 
township,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Albany 
It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
of  North  Brook  township,  625. 

North  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Wilmington  A  Reading  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del. 

North  Brook'field,  a  post-village  in  North  Brook- 
field  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  15  miles  W.  of 
Worcester,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Boston  A  Albany  Rail- 
road. It  contains  4  churches,  a  public  library,  a  savings- 
oank,  and  a  shoe-manufactory.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1880,  4459;  in  1890,  3871.  A  railroad  connects  this  place 
with  East  Brookfield  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad. 

North  Brookfield,  a  post-village  in  Brookfield  town- 
ship, Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  valley  on  the  Utica,  Chenango 
<fc  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  cheese-factory,  and  3  manu- 
factories of  wagons,  for  which  this  place  is  noted.     P.  226. 

North  Brook'field,  a  post-settlement  in  Queens  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Port  Medway  River,  25  miles  from 
Bridgewater.     Pop.  130. 

North  Brook'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo..  Me., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It 
has  2  stores. 

North  Brooks'ville,  a  post-offioe  of  Hanoook  oo., 
Me.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Bangor. 

North  Brnns'wick,  a  township  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J. 
Pop.  1124. 

North  Buck'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buckfield  town- 
ship, Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Bucks'port,  a  post-village  in  Buoksport  town- 
ship, Hancock  co..  Me.,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Bangor.  It  haa 
a  lumber-mill. 

North  Buena  Tista,  bu'n^  vis't%,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Buena  Vista  township,  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  manufactures  of  fine 
bricks.     Lead  is  found  here. 

North  Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Buffalo  town- 
ship, Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Rosston  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  1057. 

North  Burke,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Burke  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Burke  Station.  It  baa  2 
churches  and  a  starch-factory. 

North  Burns,  a  post-office  of  Huron  oo.,  Mioh.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Vassar. 

North  Bux'ton,  a  hamlet  in  Buxton  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

North  By'ron,  a  post-hamlet  in  Byron  township,  Kent 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road (Kalamazoo  division),  10  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  a  church. 

North  Ca'iro,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  111.  P.  58. 

North  Cambridge,  kam'brij,  a  former  post-village 
in  Cambridge  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Boston.     It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Cambridge, 

North  Cambridge,  a  post-office  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt., 
about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

North  Cam'eron,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bath. 

North  Canaan,  ka'nan,  a  township  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  contains  Canaan  Village,  and  baa  beds  of  iron  ore. 
Pop.  1695. 

North  Canara,  k&n'&-r&,  the  southernmost  district  of 
the  Bombay  presidency,  bounded  W.  by  the  sea.  Area, 
4235  square  miles.     Capital,  Honawar.     Pop.  398,406. 

North  Can'dor,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 

North  Can'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canton  township, 
Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  about  17  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  church. 


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North  Can'yonville,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  oo., 
Oregon,  at  Canyonville. 

North  Cape,  headlands.    See  Cape  North. 

North  Cape  a  post-village  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Franksrille  Station,  which  is  19  miles  S.  of  Mil- 
waukee.    It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  Ac. 

North  Car'mel,  a  post-offioe  in  Carmel  township, 
Penobscot  co..  Me.,  2  miles  N.  of  Carmel,  and  about  13 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor. 

North  Carolina,  k&r-o-ll'na,  a  southern  Atlantic  state 
of  the  American  Union,  of  which  it  was  one  of  the  original 
thirteen  members,  bounded  N.  by  Virginia,  E.  and  S.E.  by 
the  Atlantic,  S.  by  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  W.  by 
Tennessee.  It  lies  between  33°  53'  and  36°  33'  N.  lat.  and 
75°  25'  and  84°  30'  W.  Ion.  Its  greatest  length,  E.  and  W., 
is  490  miles;  extreme  breadth,  185  miles;  area,  52,250  square 
miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Along  the  W.  border  runs  the 
Smoky  or  Iron  Mountain  range ;  and  at  a  considerable  dis- 
tance southeastward  runs,  in  a  nearly  parallel  course,  what 
is  here  the  main  chain  of  the  Alleghanies,  continuous  north- 
eastward with  the  Blue  Ridge  of  Virginia.  Between  these 
ridges  there  are  various  parallel,  transverse,  and  scattered 
ranges  and  groups  of  mountains  rising  from  a  plateau  ele- 
vated from  3500  to  4000  feet.  Of  these  the  highest  in  the 
state,  or  in  any  part  of  the  Appalachian  system,  are  the 
Black  Mountains,  of  which  Mitchell's  Black  Dome,  or 
Clingman's  Peak,  attains  the  height  of  6688  feet.  South- 
westward  are  the  new-found  Bald,  Unaka,  Cowse,  and  other 
ranges ;  and  along  the  South  Carolina  line  the  Blue  Ridge 
bends  westward,  and  for  some  distance  marks  the  limit  of 
the  state.  The  Blue  Ridge  declines  eastwardly  into  an 
elevated  tract,  W.  of  the  Catawba  and  Yadkin  Rivers;  and 
this  plateau  supports  some  mountain-outliers  and  broken 
hills.  The  mountain  country  is  wonderfully  picturesque 
and  healthful,  and  affords  good  grazing-  and  corn-land,  with 
much  hard  timber.  Next  eastward  lies  the  midland  sec- 
tion, with  its  varied  surface  and  excellent  soils,  adapted  to 
the  growth  of  cotton,  tobacco,  and  the  cereals.  The  coast- 
lands,  extending  back  for  80  or  100  miles,  form  the  pine 
country,  where  the  long-leaf  pine  affords  abundance  of  tim- 
ber and  naval  stores.  This  region  includes  some  3,000,000 
acres  of  swamps,  of  which  the  Great  and  Little  Dismal, 
Alligator,  Angola,  Green,  and  Holly  Shelter  Swamps  are 
among  the  most  extensive.  This  tract  also  contains  much 
exceedingly  productive  land. 

Geology,  Minerals. — The  mountain -region,  and  most  of 
the  middle  section,  are  underlaid  by  richly  metalliferous 
eozoio  strata.  Eastward  it  is  bounded  by  a  narrow  but  ir- 
regular belt  of  the'  Silurian,  which  crosses  the  state,  run- 
ning from  the  neighborhood  of  Oxford  and  Roxborough  on 
the  N.E.  to  that  of  Monroe  and  Rockingham  on  the  S.W. 
Along  the  eastern  side  of  this  belt,  and  resting  partly  upon 
it,  runs  a  narrow  strip  of  the  triassic,  interesting  for  its  re- 
markable beds  of  coal,  developed  chiefly  in  the  valley  of 
the  navigable  Deep  River.  Besides  this  there  lies  just 
S.W.  of  Danville,  Va.,  another  small  triassic  region,  also 
containing  coal,  and  resting  upon  pyro-crystalline  rocks. 
The  coals  of  the  Deep  River  bed  are  of  every  grade,  from 
perfect  graphite  and  excellent  anthracite  to  the  bituminous 
gas-coal  and  the  half-bituminous  smiths'  coal.  They  have 
been  mined  to  some  extent,  principally  at  Egypt,  Farm- 
ville,  and  Hornsville,  but  are  not  at  present  much  wrought. 
Southeastward  from  the  Silurian  and  triassic  belt  there  is 
to  the  northward  a  very  considerable  area  of  azoic  forma- 
tion, where  Raleigh  stands,  and  to  the  southwestward  a 
small  Silurian  field;  but  most  of  the  lower,  midland,  and 
coast  belts  are  of  tertiary  and  quaternary  age,  with  some 
strips  where  the  cretaceous  is  laid  bare  in  the  river-valleys. 
The  principal  metal  of  North  Carolina  is  gold,  which  has 
been  found  in  no  less  than  23  counties,  and  is  still  wrought 
very  considerably.  Since  1838  North  Carolina  gold  to  the 
value  of  nearly  $12,000,000  has  been  deposited  in  the 
United  States  mints.  There  is  a  branch  mint  or  assay 
ofiBce  at  Charlotte,  N.C.  Gold-mining  has  become  a  steady 
occupation,  with  a  fairly  regular  product.  Copper  ores 
of  various  kinds  exist  richly  in  different  parts  of  North 
Carolina,  and  some  silver  is  also  obtained.  The  coal- 
fields have  iron  and  fire-clay  in  abundance,  and  excellent 
red  hematites  and  other  ores  are  prevalent  in  the  azoic 
regions.  Lead,  copperas,  zinc  (here  largely  smelted),  an- 
timony, and  other  metals  are  known  to  exist,  with  some 
small  amounts  of  platinum  and  palladium.  Itacolumite, 
and  even  a  few  diamonds,  have  been  found.  Mica  is  prof- 
itably mined  in  Mitchell  and  Yancey  cos.  Alum,  graphite, 
jade,  buhrstone,  granite,  kaolin,  limestone,  whetstone, 
grindstone,  soapstone,  and  corundum  are  found,  the  latter 


in  especial  abundance.     The  mineral  wealth  of  the  state  if 

remarkably  great. 

Coatt-line,  Riveri,  dhc. — A  remarkable  range  or  rampart, 
consisting  of  low  sand-islands,  fences  the  proper  coast  of 
North  Carolina,  cutting  off  its  shallow  lagoons  and  tranquil 
sounds  from  the  open  sea.  These  islandi  present  three 
principal  capes, — Hatteras,  Lookout,  and  Fear, — whoee  oat- 
lying  shoals  render  navigation  especially  dangeroua.  Ons- 
low and  Raleigh  Bays  are  the  intervals  between  the  three 
capes.  Within  the  sand-rampart  are  Pamlico,  Albemarle, 
and  Currituck  Sounds,  shallow,  brackish,  and  nearly  tidelees 
expansions  of  water,  connected  with  the  sea  through  a  few 
inlets,  of  which  Ocracoke  and  Hatteras  Inlets  are  the  prin- 
cipal. The  ohief  ports  are  Wilmington,  New-Berne,  £den> 
ton,  Beaufort,  Morehead  City,  Elizabeth  City,  Washington, 
and  Plymouth,  the  first  four  being  ports  of  entry.  Currituck 
Sound  communicates  with  Norfolk,  Va.,  through  the  Dis- 
mal Swamp  Canal,  which  is  navigated  by  steamers.  Cape 
Fear  River,  formed  by  the  Dan  and  the  Haw,  affords  120 
miles  of  navigation ;  the  Roanoke  and  the  Neuse  each  fur- 
nish about  120  miles ;  and  the  Tar  and  Pamlico  together 
are  navigated  for  100  miles  from  Pamlico  Sound.  The 
Chowan  is  also  navigated  75  miles.  The  Yadkin  becomes 
in  South  Carolina  the  Great  Pedee,  the  Catawba  becomes 
the  Wateree,  and  the  Broad  the  Congaree.  In  the  W.  the 
Hiawassee,  Tuckasegee,  and  French  Broad  break  the  moun- 
tain-wall of  the  state  and  enter  Tennessee. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists  are  very  numerous. 
Among  them  are  Mitchell's  Black  Dome,  the  highest  point 
of  land  E.  of  the  Mississippi,  the  deep  Swannana  Gap, 
Catawba  Falls,  Pilot,  Roan,  Grandfather's,  Grandmother's, 
Bald,  and  King's  Mountains,  the  latter  partly  in  South 
Carolina  and  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  important  bat- 
tles of  the  Revolution ;  the  very  remarkable  remains  of 
prehistoric  aboriginal  life,  such  as  burial-fields,  copper- 
mines,  mounds,  &c. ;  the  Chimneys,  Painted  Rock,  and  the 
warm  springs  of  Buncombe  co. 

Climate,  Native  Productions,  dbe. — The  mountain-country 
has  a  delightful  summer  and  autumnal  climate,  and  is  be- 
coming a  resort  for  health  and  pleasure ;  for  its  scenery  is 
striking  and  richly  varied,  and  its  trout  and  game  attract 
the  angler  and  sportsman,  and  in  winter  the  weather  is  by 
no  means  so  severe  as  in  the  N.  The  coast-region  has  a 
damp  and  warm  summer  climate,  and  near  the  swamp* 
fevers  and  catarrhal  diseases  prevail,  although  the  dry  pine 
woods  are  exceptionally  healthful  and  are  especially  free 
from  pulmonary  complaints.  The  middle  section  is  gener- 
ally healthful  also,  and  combines  the  characters  of  the 
other  two  regions.  Besides  the  valued  pine  of  the  low  re- 
gion, we  may  notice  the  cypress,  cedar,  oak,  hickory,  ash, 
walnut,  and  other  kinds  of  excellent  timber  which  the  state 
affords.  The  native  fruits  include  the  persimmon,  the 
scuppernong  and  other  excellent  wild  grapes,  the  Chickasaw 
plum,  and  the  cranberry,  which  is  gathered  for  export. 
Large  amounts  of  ginseng,  snake-root,  pink-root,  yellow 
jessamine,  false  vanilla,  and  other  wild  medicinal  and 
aromatic  herbs  are  marketed  from  North  Carolina.  Peculiar 
to  this  state  is  the  interesting  Dionsea,  or  Venus's  fly-trap. 
Here  grows  the  yawpon,  or  yupon,  a  kind  of  holly,  closely 
kindred  to  Paraguay  tea.  Its  leaves  are  very  commonly 
employed  as  a  substitute  for  tea,  and  of  it  the  Indians 
made  their  nauseous  osceola,  or  black  drink.  The  forest* 
afford  great  amounts  of  pine  timber  and  spars  for  the  gen- 
eral market,  and  yield  a  large  share  of  the  world's  supply 
of  naval  stores,  including  rosin,  oil  of  turpentine,  raw  tur- 
pentine, tar,  and  pitch.  Among  the  native  animals  ar« 
deer,  bears,  wolves,  raccoons,  opossums,  Jsc.  In  the  S.K 
the  alligator  is  seen.  Of  venomous  serpents  the  state  has 
the  rattlesnake,  ootton-mouth,  moccasin,  and  some  speoies 
of  Elaps. 

Agriculture. — The  culture  of  cotton  has  latterly  extended 
northward  and  westward  in  this  state,  and  the  ootton- 
product  of  North  Carolina  bears  an  exceptionally  high 
character  in  the  market.  All  parts  of  the  state  afford  much 
maize.  Tobacco  hivs  long  been  one  of  the  leading  products. 
Sweet  potatoes  are  largely  grown.  Spring  market  vegeta- 
bles are  quite  extensively  raised  for  sale  in  the  Northern 
cities.  Rice  does  well  in  the  swamps,  especially  southeast- 
ward. Apples,  peaches,  pears,  and  grapes  thrive  exceed- 
ingly well.  Dried  fruits  are  becoming  a  staple  of  export. 
The  scuppernong  and  Catawba  grapes  are  natives  of  this 
state,  and  of  late  several  large  wine-growing  establishments 
have  been  undertaken  at  Enfield  and  elsewhere.  The  wines 
of  North  Carolina  have  rich  and  generous  qualities,  and 
vine-dressing  is  destined  to  become  a  profitable  oooupation. 
Sericulture  has  also  been  tried,  and  for  that  industry  th« 
state  seems  admirably  adapted.     Honey  and  beeswax  fonx 


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a  considerable  source  of  revenue  in  the  eastern  district. 
Stock-raising  is  the  leading  pursuit  in  the  W. 

Commerce. — North  Carolina  exports,  coastwise  and  to  for- 
eign countries,  large  amounts  of  naval  stores,  lumber,  and 
other  forest-products,  cotton,  tobacco,  flour,  and  fish.  Her 
sounds  and  rivers  give  a  large  annual  catch  of  shad,  her- 
ring or  alewives,  and  bass  or  rock ;  and  the  mullet,  sheeps- 
head,  and  bluefish  or  taylor  are  also  abundantly  taken. 
These  fisheries  are  more  important  than  any  others  on 
the  Southern  coast,  affording  some  100,000  barrels  of  fish, 
besides  great  numbers  of  unsalted  shad  sent  northward. 
Most  of  the  trade  is  via  Wilmington  and  Norfolk,  Va. 

Manufactures. — The  leading  manufacturing  operations 
are  the  sawing  of  lumber  and  the  production  of  rosin,  tar, 
pitch,  turpentine  oil,  cotton-seed  oil,  tobacco,  and  flour. 
Quite  a  number  of  cotton-mills  have  been  established,  with 
good  prospects  of  success.  Metallurgical  operations  are 
carried  on  to  some  extent.  Considerable  zinc  is  smelted  and 
rolled,  and  the  annual  gold  product  is  by  no  means  despi- 
cable. Some  of  the  copper  ores  are  rich,  and  others,  it  is 
believed,  can  be  handled  with  great  profit  by  inexpensive 
methods  recently  introduced.  The  rivers  of  North  Carolina 
aflPord  abundant  water-power,  of  which  only  a  very  small 
part  is  utilized.  Important  iron  smelting-works  were  car- 
ried on  here  during  the  war  of  1861-65,  producing  metal  of 
peculiar  excellence ;  and  there  are  still  some  iron-works. 
Carriage-  and  car-making,  cooperage,  tanning,  and  quite  a 
varied  manufacturing  industry  prevail  in  and  near  some 
of  the  larger  towns. 

Railroads. — In  1850  this  state  had  283  miles  of  railroad ; 
in  1855,  582  miles ;  in  1860,  937  miles ;  in  1865,  984  miles ; 
in  1870,1178  miles;  in  1875,1528  miles;  in  1880,1499 
miles;  and  in  1890,  3128  miles.  Since  the  war  the  state 
has  liberally  voted  her  aid  to  new  railroad  enterprises,  but 
the  funds  raised  for  the  roads  were  for  a  time  mostly  stolen 
or  squandered  by  unprincipled  adventurers  who  controlled 
public  afi"air3.  Two  of  the  original  roads  are  now  prac- 
tically owned  by  the  state,  and  the  money  received  from 
their  lease  pays  the  interest  on  the  construction  bonds. 

The  Counties  are  96  in  number,  to  wit :  Alamance,  Alex- 
ander, Alleghany,  Anson,  Ashe,  Beaufort,  Bertie,  Bladen, 
Brunswick,  Buncombe,  Burke,  Cabarrus,  Caldwell,  Camden, 
Carteret,  Caswell,  Catawba,  Chatham,  Cherokee,  Chowan, 
Clay,  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Craven,  Cumberland,  Currituck, 
Dare,  Davidson,  Davie,  Duplin,  Durham,  Edgecombe,  For- 
syth, Franklin,  Gaston,  Gates,  Graham,  Granville,  Green, 
Guilford,  Halifax,  Harnett,  Haywood,  Henderson,  Hertford, 
Hyde,  Iredell,  Jackson,  Johnston,  Jones,  Lenoir,  Lincoln, 
McDowell,  Macon,  Madison,  Martin,  Mecklenburg,  Mitchell, 
Montgomery,  Moore,  Nash,  New  Hanover,  Northampton, 
Onslow,  Orange,  Pamlico,  Pasquotank,  Pender,  Perquimans, 
Person,  Pitt,  Polk,  Randolph,  Richmond,  Robeson,  Rock- 
ingham, Rowan,  Rutherford,  Sampson,  Stanley,  Stokes, 
Surry,  Swain,  Transylvania,  Tyrrel.  Union,  Vance,  Wake, 
Warren,  Washington,  Watauga,  Wayne,  Wilkes,  Wilson, 
Yadkin,  and  Yancey. 

The  principal  towns  and  cities  in  1890  were  Wilmington, 
the  principal  seaport  (pop.  20,056) ;  Raleigh,  the  capital 
(12,678);  Charlotte  (11,657),  Asheville  (10,235),  Winston 
(8018),  Newborn  (7843),  Durham  (5485),  Salisbury  (4418), 
Concord  (4339),  Fayetteville  (4222),  Henderson  (4191), 
Goldsboro  (4017),  and  Washington  (3546). 

Finances. — The  old  or  ante-war  debt  amounted  in  1874 
to  $8,878,200,  but  the  railroad  operations  before  referred 
to,  with  other  liabilities  incurred  by  the  state,  had  in  that 
year  brought  upon  North  Carolina  an  aggregate  indebted- 
ness of  $38,921,848.  In  1879  a  refunding  act  was  passed 
by  which  all  outstanding  bonds,  except  railroad  construc- 
tion bonds,  were  to  be  settled  by  exchange  for  4  per  cent, 
bonds  aggregating  about  one-third  the  face  value.  The 
provisions  for  this  exchange  expired  in  1890,  at  which  time 
the  debt,  including  the  new  bonds,  amounted  to  $5,939,391. 

Oovernment,  &c. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of 
four  years,  and  has  the  pardoning  power,  but  no  veto. 
Members  of  the  senate  (50  in  number)  and  of  the  house  of 
representatives  (120)  are  chosen  every  two  years.  Every 
voter  must  have  lived  in  the  state  one  year,  and  30  days  in 
the  county  where  the  vote  is  cast.  The  state  has  9  repre- 
sentatives in  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and  11  electoral 
votes.  At  Raleigh  are  situated  the  state  asylum  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind,  the  state  insane  asylum,  and 
the  North  Carolina  penitentiary. 

Education. — There  is  a  system  of  free  schools,  which 
provides  separate  instruction  for  the  white  and  colored 
pupils,  but  important  changes  are  needed  to  make  the 
system  adequate  to  the  public  needs.  A  state  agricultural 
and  mechanical  college  was  opened  at  Raleigh  in  1889. 


Among  the  important  institutions  are  North  Carolina  Uni- 
versity, at  Chapel  Hill ;  North  Carolina  College  (Lutheran), 
Mt.  Pleasant;  Wake  Forest  College  (Baptist),  Forestville; 
Rutherford  College,  at  Excelsior  (non -sectarian,  for  both 
sexes) ;  Davidson  College,  at  Davidson  ;  Trinity  College,  at 
Trinity  (Methodist);  Shaw  University,  Raleigh  (Baptist, 
for  colored  students  of  either  sex).  Several  of  these  col- 
leges have  preparatory,  theological,  scientific,  and  other 
special  courses,  and  there  are  within  the  state  many  acad- 
emies and  seminaries  of  respectable  rank. 

History. — In  1585  and  1586  Raleigh  planted  colonies 
upon  Roanoke  Island,  but  the  first  permanent  settlements 
were  made  by  Virginians  near  the  northern  border.  In 
1663  the  province  of  Carolina  was  granted  by  Charles  II 
The  philosopher  Locke  devised  for  it  a  fantastical  form  of 
government,  with  an  aristocracy  of  landgraves  and  caciques, 
and  for  twenty-five  years  this  form  of  government  was  to 
some  extent  maintained.  This  part  of  Carolina  was  then 
called  Albemarle.  Some  of  the  Indian  tribes  (Corees,  Tu»- 
caroras,  Nottoways,  &o.,  principally  of  Iroquois  stock)  at- 
tacked the  colonists,  but  in  1712  the  greater  part  were  sub- 
dued, and  the  Tuscaroras  at  once  went  northward  and 
joined  the  Five  (thenceforward  Six)  N&tions  in  the  New 
York  province.  In  1729  North  Carolina  became  a  separate 
royal  province.  The  colony  took  an  early  and  very  strong 
stand  for  popular  rights,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  Meck- 
lenburg Declaration  of  1775  was  the  first  assertion  of  the 
right  of  colonial  independence.  During  the  war  of  the 
Revolution  the  majority  of  the  people  bore  their  full  share 
of  sufiering  and  service  in  the  cause  of  liberty,  but  there 
was  a  large  and  active  loyalist  faction,  who  carried  on  a 
vexatious  partisan  warfare.  The  action  at  Guilford  Court- 
House  was  the  most  important  which  took  place  within  the 
state.  In  1861  a  state  convention,  called  by  an  extra 
session  of  the  legislature  in  spite  of  a  previous  popular 
vote  against  the  measure,  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession. 
The  North  Carolina  troops  were  distinguished  for  their 
valor  in  the  contest  which  ensued.  The  most  important 
battles  fought  in  this  state  during  that  war  were  at  Roanoke 
Island,  New-Berne,  Fort  Fisher,  Averysborough,  and  Ben- 
tonville.  After  the  war  the  peace  of  the  state  was  at  one 
time  much  disturbed  by  gangs  of  armed  desperadoes  and 
robbers,  who  lived  in  the  swamps,  and  whose  haunts  were 
finally  broken  up  by  the  military.  The  prosperity  of  the 
state  has  been  seriously  affected  by  the  unwise  financial 
measures  already  referred  to.  In  1 889  there  was  an  exodus 
of  negroes  who  considered  themselves  oppressed  by  existing 
laws  and  the  general  attitude  of  the  white  population. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  393,751 ;  in  1800,  487,103, 
in  1810,  555,500;  in  1820,  638,829;  in  1830,  737,987;  in 
1840,  753,419;  in  1850,  869,039;  in  1860,  992,622,  of  wTiom 
629,942  were  white,  331,069  were  slaves,  and  30,463  were 
free  colored;  in  1870,  1,071,361;  in  1880,  1,399,750,  of 
whom  867,242  were  white ;  in  1890, 1,617,947.  The  people 
were  originally  of  English  stock,  with  large  subsequent 
additions  of  Scotch-Irish  and  Highland-Scotch  elements. 
Presidents  Jackson,  Polk,  and  Johnson  were  natives  of  thin 
state,  and  all  three  were  of  the  Scotch-Irish  stock. 

North  Car'ver,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
about  16  miles  E.  of  Taunton. 

North  Castine^  kas-teen',  a  post-village  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  30  miles 
S.  of  Bangor. 

North  Castle,  kas's^l,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Castle 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
New  York.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  which 
contains  Armonk  and  Kensico,  1966. 

North  Ce'dar,  or  Tip'pinville,  a  post-village  of 
Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Cedar  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Holton.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

North  Channel)  Canada.    See  Canadiak  Channel. 

North  Charlestown,  charlz'tSwn,  a  post-village  ic 
Charlestown  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  6i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Claremont.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <tc. 

North  Chat'ham,  a  small  post-village  in  Chatham 
township,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  Pleasant  Bay,  near  the 
sea,  about  54  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  is  li  miles  from 
Chatham  Village.     Many  codfish  are  caught  here. 

North  Chatham,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  so.,  N.H., 
about  40  miles  N.  of  Ossipee. 

North  Chatham,  a  post-village  in  Chatham  township, 
Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  about  16  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  a  saw- 
mill, and  2  stores. 

North  Chelms'ford,  a  post-Tillage  in  Chelmsford 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  oe  the  Merrimac  River, 


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»nd  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Boston,  Lc  well  &  Nashua  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lowell. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  iron 
moulding,  turbine  water-wheels,  and  worsted  yam. 

North  Chelsea,  Massachusetts.    See  Reverb. 

North  Chemung,  N.Y.    See  Haijmond's  Corners. 

North  Ches'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co..  Mass,, 
on  the  Middle  Branch  of  Weatfield  River,  about  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Chester  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rutland  division  of  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

North  Ches'terville,  a  post-village  in  Chesterville 
township,  Franklin  co..  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Au- 
gusta.    It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

North  Chich'ester,  a  post-village  in  Chichester  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  or  near  the  Sunoook  River, 

9  or  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 
North  Chili,  ohi'li,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo.,  N.Y., 

In  Chili  township,  1  mile  from  Chili  Station  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Rochester  with  Batavia,  and  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Chili  Semi- 
nary, and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  104. 

North  Clar'endon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co.,  Yt., 
on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Harlem  Extension  &  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Rutland. 

North  Clayton,  kla't9n,  a  post-village  of  Miami  oo., 
0.,  on  Stillwater  Creek,  8  or  9  miles  W.  of  Piqua.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  101. 

North  Clayton,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo.,  Wis. 

North  Clove,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

North  Cly'mer,  a  post-village  in  Clymer  township, 
Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buffalo,  Corry  <k  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bunkirk.  It  has  2 
churches. 

North  Codo'rus,  township,  York  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2476. 

North  Cohas'set,  a  village  in  Cohasset  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  and  on  the  sea-shore  near  Nantasket 
Beach,  13  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Cohoc'ton,  a  post-village  in  Cohocton  town- 
ship, Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester  division  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  about  13  miles  E.  of  Dansville,  and  45  miles 
S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  and  2 
drug-stores. 

North  Colebrook,  kol'brook,  a  post-office  of  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford. 

North  Colesville,  kclz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Tunnel  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton. 

North  Col'lins,  a  post- village  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Collins  township,  on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  steam  saw-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  636; 
of  the  township,  2016. 

North  Colum'bia,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
lOi  miles  N.  of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Columbia,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Me., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Machias.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Concord,  kong'kprd,  a  station  in  Jackson  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of 
Jackson. 

North  Concord,  a  station  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  6^^  miles  N.  of 
Concord. 

North  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  in  Concord  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Vt.,  1  mile  from  North  Concord  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  St. 
Johnsbury.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Constantia,  kon-stan'she-^  a  post-hamlet  of 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  from  Constantia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Con'way,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
in  Conway  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  and 
Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  <fc  North  Conway  Railroads,  60 
miles  "W.N.W.  of  Portland,  Me.,  and  137  miles  N.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  Here 
are  numerous  large  summer  boarding-houses  and  hotels,  an 
academy,  and  3  churches. 

North  Copake,  New  York.    See  Crarvville. 

North  Corn'ville,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  oo.,  Me., 

10  miles  N.  of  Skowhegan. 

North  Corn'WAll,  a  pnst-offioe  of  Litchfield  oo.,  Conn., 
about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford. 
North  Cove,  a  post-office  and  township  of  McDowell 


CO.,  N.C.,  in  a  valley  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  15  miles 
N.  of  Marion.  Marble  is  said  to  be  found  here.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  874. 

North  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  N.  side  of  Shoalwater  Bay. 

North  Cove  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  enters  the 
Catawba  from  the  N.,  in  Burke  co. 

North  Cov'entry,  a  township  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sohnykill  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Pottstown.     Pop.  1251. 

North  Crafts'bury,  a  post-village  in  Craftsbury  town- 
ship, Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

North  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  oo.,  Ark.,  8 
miles  from  Marvell  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  North  Creek,  and  on 
the  Adirondack  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  2 
hotels.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Crom'well,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley 
Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Hartford. 

North  Cross  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Stewart  oo.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  from  Erin.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Cn'ba,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cuba  township,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  3  miles  N.  of 
Cuba.     Here  is  Seymour  Post-Offioe. 

North  Cut'ler,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Me. 

Northcutt,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    See  New  Entebprisb. 

North  Dako'ta,  a  northwestern  state  of  the  Ameri- 
can Union,  bounded  N.  by  Manitoba,  a  province  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  E.  by  Minnesota,  S.  by  South  Dakota, 
and  W.  by  Montana.  Its  northern  limit  is  49°  N.  lat. ; 
its  eastern  boundary  is  the  navigable  Red  River  of  the 
North ;  the  seventh  standard  parallel  separates  it  from 
South  Dakota,  and  the  meridian  104°  W.  Ion.  defines  its 
western  limit.  It  extends  about  340  miles  E.  and  W.,  and 
about  225  miles  N.  and  S.     Area,  70,795  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  Missouri  River  enters  the 
state  from  the  W.,  and  pursues  its  course  to  the  S.E. 
through  a  region  of  high  plains  and  plateaus.  With  its 
tributaries  it  drains  the  western  and  southwestern  sections 
of  the  state.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Yellowstone, 
which  joins  it  shortly  after  both  streams  have  crossed 
the  western  border  of  the  state.  Little  Missouri,  Big 
Knife,  Heart,  and  Cannon  Ball  Rivers.  The  northern 
and  eastern  portions  of  the  state  belong  to  the  Arctic 
system  of  drainage.  The  divide  between  this  and  the 
Mississippi  system  is  mainly  formed  by  the  Plateau  du 
Coteau  du  Missouri,  a  hilly  and  somewhat  stony  tract 
extending  from  the  N.W  corner  of  the  state  southwest- 
ward  into  South  Dakota.  The  greater  part  of  the  waters 
N.  and  E.  of  this  elevation  flow  northward  through  the 
Mouse  River  and  the  Red  River  of  the  North  into  Lake 
Winnipeg,  whence  they  finally  flow  into  Hudson  Bay. 
Between  the  basins  of  these  two  rivers  is  a  limited  area  of 
interior  drainage  with  no  outflow  to  the  sea.  It  contains 
a  large  salt  lake  called  Minnewaukan  or  Devil's  Lake,  a 
picturesque  sheet  of  water  which  is  now  accessible  by  rail- 
road. Its  briny  waters  resemble  those  of  the  ocean  both 
in  appearance  and  in  taste,  and  afford  opportunities  for 
sea-bathing  in  the  interior  of  the  continent.  E.  of  the 
Missouri  River  the  surface  is  prairie,  broken  at  first  by  the 
coteaua,  then  rolling,  and  finally  becoming  a  flat  level  plain 
slightly  inclined  towards  the  E.  and  N.  The  valley  of  the 
Red  River  of  the  North  is  the  bed  of  an  extinct  lake,  which 
existed  in  prehistoric  times,  extending  eastward  into  Minne- 
sota and  northward  into  Manitoba.  It  now  contains  many 
lakes  and  streams  and  numerous  dry  couliet,  or  beds  of 
streams  where  the  water  has  ceased  to  flow.  Within  its 
limits  are  the  most  productive  portions  of  the  famous  wheat- 
fields  of  this  state.  Along  the  beds  of  the  rivers  tributary 
to  the  Red  River,  and  surrounding  the  lakes,  are  heavy 
belts  of  timber. 

Geology. — Nearly  all  the  surface  rocks  belong  to  the 
cretaceous  period,  merging  into  a  belt  of  much  earlier  date 
along  the  eastern  border,  and  covered  for  the  most  part, 
except  in  the  S.W.,  by  drift.  The  presence  of  salt  springs 
and  streams  in  portions  of  the  valley  of  the  Red  River  of 
the  North  indicate  that  silurian  formations  have  been 
reached,  as  it  is  in  the  rocks  of  this  period  that  salins 
springs  occur  in  other  sections  of  the  country. 

C/i«iate.— The  air  is  dry  and  invigorating,  and  the  skies 
clear.  The  climate  is  as  a  whole  remarkably  healthful, 
iind  in  summer  and  autumn  is  peculiarly  delightful.  The 
winters  are  cold  aud  sometimes  severe,  but  with  the  absenos 


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of  the  humidity  which  is  characteristic  of  the  atmosphere 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  country,  a  greater  degree  of  cold 
can  be  borne  with  comparatively  little  discomfort.  Al- 
though there  are  at  times  great  snow-storms  or  "  blizzards," 
the  fall  of  snow  is,  as  a  rule,  very  light  when  compared 
with  that  of  the  states  in  the  Ea«t.  Farming  operations 
begin  in  April,  and  as  the  spring  is  seldom  backward,  they 
are  not  interrupted  by  the  return  of  unfavorable  weather. 
Long  days  of  sunshine  prevail  in  summer,  and  the  high 
temperature  which  promotes  the  growth  of  vegetation  is 
commonly  relieved  by  refreshing  prairie  breezes  during 
the  night.  The  difference  between  the  extremes  of  summer 
and  winter  temperature  is,  however,  often  very  great.  The 
rainfall  is  never  very  heavy,  but  if  it  comes  at  the  proper 
time,  which  is  during  the  spring  and  early  summer  months, 
it  is  suflScient  to  mature  the  crops.  When  it  is  not  properly 
distributed  the  crops  suffer.  Both  North  and  South  Dakota, 
as  well  as  Western  Nebraska  and  Kansas  and  parts  of  Texas, 
lie  in  a  belt  of  debatable  ground  as  regards  irrigation.  In 
a  good  season  irrigation  is  unnecessary,  but  in  a  time  of 
drought,  the  crops  fail  without  it.  As  the  evaporation  and 
storage  of  rainfall  also  affect  its  actual  efficiency,  North 
Dakota  has  the  advantage  of  the  region  south.  Its  mean 
temperature  is  lower,  causing  less  loss  by  evaporation,  and 
its  supply  is  well  husbanded  by  the  numerous  lakes.  There 
are,  however,  many  artesian  wells,  and  mnch  attention  has 
been  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  proper  irrigation. 

Agriculture. — The  wheat  crop  is  the  important  agricult- 
ural product,  and  will  probably  always  be  the  chief  staple. 
Dakota  wheat  is  known  the  world  over.  It  is  superior  to 
any  other  wheat  grown.  A  barrel  of  Dakota  wheat  flour 
makes  more  bread  and  contains  more  nourishment  than  can 
be  obtained  from  an  equal  quantity  of  any  other  flour.  One 
peculiarity  of  wheat-growing  in  this  state  is  the  grand 
scale  upon  which  it  is  conducted.  It  is  by  no  means  an 
uncommon  thing  to  see  single  fields  or  farms  of  20,000 
acres  or  even  more  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  this  cereal. 
The  wheat  crop  of  this  section  affects  the  prices  in  the 
principal  markets  of  the  world.  Corn,  oats,  barley,  flax, 
rye,  and  potatoes  are  valuable  crops.  Stock-raising  is  an 
important  industry  in  the  western  section.  As  yet  the 
manufactures  are  mainly  of  the  domestic  type. 

Railroads. — In  1878  there  were  in  the  whole  territory 
of  Dakota  only  320  miles  of  railroad.  In  1890  the  state 
of  North  Dakota  had  2116  miles.  During  certain  seasons 
of  the  year  the  Missouri  River  and  the  Red  River  of  the 
North  afford  important  highways  for  commerce  and  travel. 

Counties  and  Towns. — There  are  53  counties  in  North 
Dakota,  besides  unorganized  territory  comprising  1400 
square  miles,  viz.,  Allred,  Barnes,  Benson,  Billings,  Bot- 
tineau, Bowman.  Buford,  Burleigh,  Cass,  Caviller,  Church, 
Dickey,  Dunn,  Eddy,  Emmons,  Flannery,  Foster,  Garfield, 
Grand  Forks,  Griggs,  Hettinger,  Kidder,  La  Moure,  Logan, 
McHenry,  Mcintosh,  McKenzie,  McLean,  Mercer,  Morton, 
Montraille,  Nelson,  Oliver,  Pembina,  Pierce,  Ramsay, 
Ransom,  Renville,  Richland,  Rolette,  Sargent,  Sheridan, 
Stark,  Steele,  Stevens,  Stutsman,  Towner,  Traill,  Wallace, 
Walsh,  Ward,  Wells,  and  Williams.  The  principal  towns 
are  Fargo,  a  commercial  and  railroad  centre  situated  at  the 
point  where  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  (pop.  in  1890,  5664);  Bismarck,  the 
capital,  on  the  Missouri  where  that  river  is  crossed  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  (2186);  Grand  Forks  (4979), 
Jamestown  (2296),  Grafton  (1594),  Wahpeton  (1510),  Man- 
dau  (1328),  and  Valley  City  (1089.) 

Government. — The  governor  is  elected  for  a  term  of  two 
years.  The  senate,  in  accordance  with  the  constitution, 
consists  of  not  less  than  30  nor  more  than  50  senators 
elected  for  4  years.  The  house  is  composed  of  no  fewer 
than  60  nor  more  than  140  members,  who  serve  for  2  years. 
The  legislative  sessions  are  biennial,  and  are  limited  to  60 
days.  The  constitution  forbids  the  contracting  of  any 
debt,  exclusive  of  the  territorial  debt  existing  at  the  time 
of  its  adoption,  in  excess  of  $200,000.  The  state  has  one 
representative  in  Congress  and  3  electoral  votes. 

jFVnrtHce».-:-^The  state  debt  in  1890  consisted  of  the  terri- 
torial liabilities  ($539,807.46)  and  $150,000  in  bonds  issued 
to  meet  deficiencies.  The  total  assessed  valuation  of  prop- 
erty was  $88,203,044,  of  which  real  estate  was  valued  at 
$65,181,177,  and  personal  property  at  $23,021,867. 

Education. — A  system  of  free  public  schools  was  estab- 
lished under  the  territorial  government,  and  before  the 
organization  of  the  new  states  the  provisions  for  education 
were  superior  both  in  quantity  and  quality  to  those  in 
many  of  the  older  sections  of  the  country.  Ample  appro- 
priations of  land  were  made,  in  the  act  creating  North 
Dakota  as  a  state,  for  the  future  support  of  the  common 


schools  as  well  as  for  the  maintenance  of  institutions  of  a 
higher  grade.  By  act  of  legislature  in  1890  provisions 
were  made  for  an  academy  of  science  at  Wahpeton,  an 
agricultural  college  at  Fargo,  a  school  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb  at  Devil's  Lake,  and  normal  schools  at  Marysville 
and  Valley  City.  Although  there  was  no  appropriation  for 
these  normal  schools,  they  were  opened  in  December,  1890, 
through  the  liberality  of  the  citizens.  The  University  of 
North  Dakota  at  Grand  Forks  is  in  a  prosperous  condition. 
A  military  department  and  a  school  of  mines  have  recently 
been  added  to  it  by  legislative  enactment.  There  is  a  state 
penitentiary  at  Bismarck  and  a  reform  school  at  Mandau. 

History. — The  state  is  a  part  of  the  great  Louisiana 
purchase  of  1803.  The  territory  of  Dakota  was  organized 
in  1861,  including  at  that  time  parts  of  Montana  and 
Wyoming.  It  was  reduced  in  area  in  1868.  In  1876  it 
was  proposed  in  Congress  to  set  off  the  N.  portion  as  the 
territory  of  Pembina.  Pembina,  the  oldest  town  in  the 
state,  was  settled  in  1812  by  Lord  Selkirk,  who  supposed 
this  region  to  be  British  territory  and  to  belong  to  hia 
colony  of  Assiniboia.  The  act  of  admission  was  signed, 
February  22,  1889,  by  President  Cleveland,  and  North 
Dakota  became  a  state  November  3  of  the  same  year. 

Population. — The  population  in  1880  for  the  correspond- 
ing part  of  Dakota  Territory  was  36,909.  The  total  popu- 
lation for  the  state  in  1890  was  182,719,  an  increase  of 
395.05  per  cent. 

North  Da'naf  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Dana  township,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeast- 
ern Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church,  saw-mills,  a  spice-  and  confection-box  factory,  and 
manufactures  of  satinets  and  palm-leaf  bats. 

North  Dans'ville,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  4099.     It  contains  Dansville. 

North  Dan'ville,  a  post-village  in  Danville  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines. 

North  Dartmouth,  darfmath,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dart- 
mouth township,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fall  River  d> 
New  Bedford  Railroad,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Bedford. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Nortfc  Deer  Isle,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is 
on  Deer  Island,  and  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Belfast.  Here  are  quarries  of  granite  and 
limestone. 

North  Der'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Memphremagog,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  granite-quarry. 

North  Dev'on,  an  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in 
North  America,  lat  75°  N.,  Ion.  from  80°  to  92°  W.,  having 
E.  Baffin's  Bay,  W.  Wellington  Strait,  and  S.  Barrow  Strait, 
separating  it  from  North  Somerset. 

North  Dighton,  di't9n,  a  post-village  in  Dighton 
township,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Provi- 
dence, 3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Taunton,  i  mile  W.  of  North 
Dighton  Station  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  37  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  box-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  a  wool-scouring  factory,  and  manufactures  of 
hammers  and  cotton.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1889. 

North  Ditniarsh,  Prussia.    See  Ditmarsh. 

North  Dix'niont,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dixmont  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 

North  Dor'chester,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Plymouth. 

North  Dorr,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  16 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Allegan. 

North  Dor'set,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dorset  township, 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  22 
miles  S.  of  Rutland.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
marble,  and  a  marble-quarry  has  been  opened  on  Mount 
^olus,  near  this  place. 

North  Donro,  Ontario.    See  Lakefield. 

North  Do'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  is 
near  Lake  Erie,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berea,  and  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Cleveland. 

North  Dunbar'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  6  miles  S.AV.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Dux'bury,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass. 

North  Duxbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Duxbury  township, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  the 
Vermont  Central  Railroad,  at  Duxbury  Station,  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  saw-  and  lumber-mills  and 
manufactures  of  clapboards. 

North  East,  a  township  of  Tuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  269 

North  £ast,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  111.  Pop.  1488. 
It  contains  La  Prairie  and  Keokuk  Junction. 

North  £ast,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  898. 


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North  East)  a  post-village  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
North  East  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A 
Baltimore  Railroad,  near  Chesapeake  Bay,  45  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Baltimore,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Elkton.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1249. 

North  East,  or  North  East  Centre,  a  hamlet  in 
North  East  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E. 
of  Rondout,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  New  York  A  Harlem 
Railroad.  It  has  2  chnrches.  The  township  contains  a 
larger  village,  named  \TiM«rton.     P.  of  the  township,  2266. 

North  East,  a  post-borough  in  North  East  township, 
Erie  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  and  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  an  academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
sasli  and  blinds,  woollen  goods,  and  wooden-ware.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1538;  of  the  township,  2124. 

North-East  Cape.    See  Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi. 

North  East'ham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eastham  town- 
ship, Barnstable  eo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  100 
miles  S.E.  of  Boston,  and  nearly  2  miles  from  the  ocean. 
It  has  a  church. 

North'east^  Har'bor,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  on  the  sea,  and  on  the  coast  of  Mount  Desert  Island. 

North  East  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  21  miles  from  Shelburne. 
It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  250. 

North  East  Mills,  a  station  in  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

North  East'on,  a  post-village  in  Easton  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  22  miles  S. 
of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boots,  shovels,  spades,  hinges,  Ac. 

North  Easton,  or  East'on  Cor'ners,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Easton  township,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and  3  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson 
River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  carriage-factory, 
and  about  50  dwellings.     Here  is  North  Easton  Post-Office. 

North  East  River,  a  small  stream  of  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
flows  into  the  head  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

North  Eaton,  ee'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  21  miles 
S.W.  of  Cleveland. 

North  Edgecomb,  ej'kpm,  a  post-village  in  Edge- 
comb  township,  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Bath. 

North  Ed'meston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  S.  of  Unadilla  Forks.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Eg'reniont,  a  post-village  in  Egremont  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  5  miles  W.  of  Great  Barrington. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Northeim,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Nordheim. 

Northeim,  north'him,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  oo., 
Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Manitowoc. 

North  El'ba,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  comprises  the  Wall  Faced 
Mountain  and  Placid  Lake,,  on  which  are  3  hotels.    P.  367. 

North  Ells'worth,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

Northen,  noR't^n,  and  Peters- Swift,  pi't^rs-s^ift, 
a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  principality  and  7  miles 
N.  of  Gottingen,  near  the  Leine.     Pop.  1000. 

North  English,  ing'glish,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  North  Fork  of  English  River,  about  40  miles 
> E.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  E'nosburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
in  Enosburg  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the 
Vermont  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans. 

North  Ep'ping,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H. 

Northern  Aracan,  &r^a-kan',  or  North  Aracan, 
a  district  of  British  Burmah,  forming  the  N.  part  of  Ara- 
can (which  see).  Area,  exclusive  of  North  Aracan  Hill 
Tracts,  5674  square  miles.  It  is  a  forest  region,  but  little 
developed.     Capital,  Aracan.     Pop.  6948. 

Nor'thern  Bay,  a  fishing-village  in  the  district  of  Bay 
de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception 
Bay,  20  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  390. 

Nor'thern  Circars,  sir-kars',  a  former  province  of 
British  India,  extending  along  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  from  lat.  15°  to  21°  N.  Area,  17,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  2,995,500.  The  province  was  annexed  to  British 
India  in  1766  by  Lord  Clive. 

Northern  Dwina,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Dwiwa. 

Northern  Harbour,  a  fishing-settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  at  the  mouth 
of  Exploits  Bay,  20  miles  from  Twillingate. 

Northern  Junction,  a  post-office  of  MUwaukeo  oo.. 


Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosM* 
the  Northwestern  Union  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukee. 

Northern  Lib'erties,  formerly  a  district  of  Phila- 
delphia CO.,  now  included  within  the  chartered  limit*  of  the 
city  of  Philadelphia.  Northern  Libertiea  was  originally  a 
township,  beginning  at  Vine  street,  and  extending  by  cer- 
tain bounds  to  Wingohocking  Creek,  which  divided  it  from 
Bristol  township,  and  lying  between  the  Delaware  and 
Schuylkill  Rivers,  S.  of  Germantown  and  Bristol  townshius. 
The  district  of  the  Northern  Liberties  was  a  portion  of  tnis 
township,  and,  after  the  passage  of  several  acta  to  confer 
certain  privileges  on  portions  of  the  territory,  was  finally 
incorporated  March  28,  1803,  and  embraced  the  territory 
between  the  Delaware  River  and  the  W.  side  of  Sixth 
street,  and  between  Vine  street  and  the  irregular  line  of  Co- 
hocksink  Creek.  Out  of  the  township  of  the  Northern  Lib- 
erties were  afterwards  formed  the  districts  of  Kensington 
and  Richmond,  and  the  boroughs  of  White  Hall,  Bridfl#- 
burg,  and  Aramingo. 

North  Esk,  Scotland.    See  Esk. 

North  Ev'ans,  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y^  in 
Evans  and  Eden  townships,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Bufi°a]o,  and  i  mile  from 
Lake  Erie.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
a  cheese- factory.     Pop.  150. 

North  Ev'anston,  a  post-office  of  Cook  oo.,  HI.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.  of  Chicago.    Here  is  a  church. 

North  Fabins,  Missouri.    See  Fabius  Riter. 

North  Fair'fax,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about 
22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

North  Fair'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  township, 
Somerset  co..  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Fairfield,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  about  26  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mansfield,  and 
10  miles  S.  of  Norwalk.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  plough-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

North  Fal'mouth,  a  post-village  in  Falmouth  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Portland. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  shoes 
and  carriages. 

North  Falmouth,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Falmouth  township,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  61  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Farm'ington,  a  post-office  of  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  4i  miles  N.  of  Farmington. 

North  Fayette,  fa-yet',  a  post-village  in  Fayetto 
township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Augusta. 

North  Fayette,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1482.     It  has  abundant  bituminous  coal. 

North  Fays'ton,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Vt., 
18  miles  W.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Fen'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fenton  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles  from  Willard  Station,  and  about 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bingbamton.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

North  Fer'risburg,  a  post- village  in  Ferrisburg  town- 
ship, Addison  oo.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
2  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Burling- 
ton.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  450. 

North'field,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  oo..  Conn., 
about  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  manufac- 
tory of  cutlery. 

Northfield,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  111.  Pop.  1705. 
It  contains  The  Grove,  South  Northfield,  East  Northfield, 
Glencoe,  Ac. 

Northfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  about  22 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Northfield,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  20 
miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wooUen- 
mill. 

Northfield,  a  pcit-townsbip  of  Washington  oc,  M«., 
about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Calais,  is  interseoted  by  the  Maohias 
River.     Pop.  190. 

Northfield,  a  post-village  in  Northfield  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.  of  Amherst,  and  about  11  miles  NJ^.S.  of  Green- 
field. It  has  3  ohurohes,  and  a  public  library.  A  bridgo 
crosses  the  river  near  this  place.  The  township  oontains  a 
village  named  West  Northfield.     P.  of  the  township,  1641. 

Northfield,  township,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.    P  1189. 

Northfield,  a  post- village  in  Northfield  township,  Rio« 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Cannon  lUver,  and  on  the  Iowa  k  Mia- 


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nesota  Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Faribault.  It  is  the  seat  of  Carletou  College 
(organized  in  1866),  and  also  of  St.  Olaf  College.  It  has  6 
churches,  1  or  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  a  national  bank,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing- 
inill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2659;  of  the  township,  3485. 

Northneldy  a  township  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.  Pop. 
833.  It  contains  Northfield  Depot,  and  has  manufactures 
of  repellants. 

Northfield,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Livingston 
township,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Millburn.     It  has  a  church. 

Northfield,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.  (Staten  Island), 
N.Y.     Pop.  6529.  * 

Northfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  township.  Sum- 
mit CO.,  0.,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  1  mile  from  Macedonia 
Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  W.  by  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and  contains 
Macedonia  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1009. 

Northfield,  a  handsome  post-village  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in  a  valley  among  high  hills,  on 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Montpelier,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  con- 
tains 5  or  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  the  Northfield  Graded 
and  High  School,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  a  savings-bank,  and 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Here  is  also  a  military 
school,  styled  the  Norwich  University,  which  was  organized 
in  1834.  Northfield  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  flannel, 
slates,  water-coolers,  and  paper,  and  quarries  of  good  slate 
have  been  opened  here.    P.  (1890)  1222;  of  township,  2628. 

Northfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.    P.  877. 

Northfield,  a  village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  10^  miles 
B.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Northfield  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Mon- 
treal Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church. 

Northfield  Farms,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  town- 
•hip,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  and  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Amherst. 

North'fleet,  a  parish  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Thames,  IJ  miles  W.  of  Qravesend.  It 
has  docks  for  ship-building.     Pop.  6515. 

North  Folden,  fol'd^n,  a  fiord  of  Norway,  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Nordland,  opening  from  the  West  Fiord.  A  little 
beyond  its  mouth  it  divides  into  two  branches,  called  re- 
spectively the  North  and  South  Folden. 

North'ford,  a  post-village  in  North  Branford  township. 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Boston  &  New  York  Air- 
Line  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has 
manufactures  of  spoons,  lumber,  Ac. 

North  Fork,  a  township  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.     P.  461. 

North  Fork,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  111.     Pop.  822. 

North  Fork,  township,  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  824. 

North  Fork,  Mason  oo.,  Ky.    See  Lewisburg. 

North  Fork,  a  station  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Lebanon  and  Stanford,  about  16  miles  E.  of 
Lebanon. 

North  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Steams  oo.,  Minn., 
about  44  miles  W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
Fork  of  Crow  River,  and  contains  a  church.     Pop.  405. 

North  Fork,  a  township  of  Barton  co..  Mo.    Pop.  544. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 

North  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  New  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Abingdon,  Va. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  951. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  Obion  River. 

North  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  36  miles  from 
Rogersville,  Tenn. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

North  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  32  miles 
E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Sweetwater  co.,  AVyoming. 

North  Fork  of  lionp,  or  North  Loup  River,  rises 
in  the  sand-hills  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska.  It  runs  south- 
eastward, and  unites  with  the  Middle  Loup  in  Howard  co. 
Length,  nearly  200  miles. 

North  Fork  of  the  Platte  River  rises  in  Colorado, 
In  the  North  Park,  among  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs 
northwestward  into  AVyoming,  and,  turning  gradually  to- 
wards the  right,  flows  successively  northward  and  north- 
eastward through  a  mountainous  country,  turns  southeast- 
ward through  the  cos.  of  Albany  and  Laramie,  enters  West- 
srn  Nebraska,  and  unites  with  the  South  Fork  at  North 
Platte,  in  Lincoln  co.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  800  miles, 
the  greater  part  of  which  is  in  Wyoming.     After  it  enters 


Nebraska  it  traverses  extensive  arid,  treeless  plains.     It  is 
not  navigable. 

North  Fox  Island,  Maine.    See  North  Haven. 

North  Fra'mingham,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo^ 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.     Here  is  Nobscot. 

North  Frank'lin,  a  post-office  of  New  London  oo., 
Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Norwich. 

North  Franklin,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 

North  Free'dom,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 

North  Freedom,  a  post-village  in  Freedom  town- 
ship, Sauk  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Mad- 
ison, and  6  miles  W.  of  Baraboo.  It  has  a  church,  2  pub- 
lic halls,  a  steam  saw- mill,  and  4  stores. 

North  Fryebnrg,  fri'bQrg,  a  small  post-hamlet  in 
Fryeburg  township,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the  Saco  River, 
about  42  miles  W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Gage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerfield  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2 
churches. 

North  Galway,  gawl'way,  a  post-office  of  Saratoga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  34  miles  N.N.W,  of  Albany. 

North  Gar'den,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Char- 
lottesville. 

North  Gas'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Northampton  oo.,  N.C., 
on  the  Roanoke  River,  opposite  Gaston  or  South  Gkston. 
It  has  a  church. 

North  George'town,  a  post-village  in  Georgetown 
township,  Sagadahoc  co..  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing  and  a 
church. 

North  Georgetown,  a  post- village  of  Columbiana  oo., 
0.,  4  miles  E.  of  Homeworth  Station,  and  22  miles  E.  of 
Canton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  grist-mill,  Ao. 

North  Georgia,  j5r'je-a,  a  station  in  Franklin  oo., 
Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  St. 
Albans. 

North  Ger'mantown,  post-office,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y. 

North  Glan'ford,  a  post-village  in  AVentworth  oo., 
Ontario,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  175. 

North  Gorham,  gS'ram,  a  post-village  in  Gorham 
and  Windham  townships,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  Pre- 
sumpscot  River,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Gow'er,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  Stephen's  Creek,  8  miles  W.  of  Osgoode.  It  contains  2 
churches,  3  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  260. 

North  Gran'by,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granby  township, 
Hartford  co..  Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  an  academy. 

North  Grant'ham,a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
15  miles  N.  of  Newport. 

North  Gran'ville,  a  post-village  in  Granville  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Whitehall, 
and  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland,  Vt.  It  contains  a 
national  bank,  the  Granville  Military  Academy,  2  grist 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  3  churches,  and  2  wagon-factories. 

North  Gray,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me. 

North  Greece,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greece  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Greece  Station  on  the  Lake 
Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester, 
and  2  miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  a  church,  a  furnace 
or  foundry,  and  nearly  40  houses. 

North  Green'bush,  a  township  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.     Pop.  3940. 

North  Green'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenfield  town- 
ship, Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  at  King's  Station  on  the  Adiron- 
dack Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 

North  Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township, 
Logan  CO.,  0.,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church. 

North  Greens'borough,  post-office,  Orleans  co.,  Vt. 

North  Green'wich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenwich  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.  of  Greenwich,  and 
about  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Edward.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Grosvenor  (gro've-nor)  Dale,  a  post-village 
in  Thompson  township,  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Nor- 
wich A  Worcester  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwich. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  cotton-mills.     Pop.  about  1400. 

North  Groton,  graw'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Groton 
township,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Ply- 
mouth.    It  has  a  church. 

North  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Logansport  with  Marion,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 


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North  Grove,  a  post-oflSce  of  Page  oo.,  lovra,  abotit  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Clarinda. 

North  Guilford,  ghirfprd,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guilford 
township,  New  liaren  oo.,  Conn.,  12  miles  £.N.£.  of  New 
Haven. 

North  Guilford,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Guilford  Centre.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Uad'ley,  a  post- village  in  Hadley  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  brooms,  brushes,  and  lumber. 

North  Ham,  or  Esperance,  es^pe-ransa',  a  post- 
village  in  Wolfe  co.,  Quebec,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Arthabaska 
Station.     It  has  a  carding-mill  and  2  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

North  Ham'den,  a  post-oflace  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Cooperstown. 

North  Ham'Iin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamlin  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  2  or  .3  miles  from  Hamlin  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

North  Ham'mond,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ogdensburg. 

North  Ham 'm  onto  n,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Vineland.     Here  is  Elm  post-office. 

North  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  in  North  Hampton 
township,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portsmouth,  and  49  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Boston.  The  township  borders  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  723. 

North  Hampton,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township, 
Clark  CO.,  0.,  8  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Springfield,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  205. 

North  Han'cock,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  6  miles  E.  of  Ellsworth. 

North  Han'nihal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hannibal  town- 
ship, Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdens- 
burg Railroad  (at  Wheeler's  Station),  8  miles  S.  of  Oswego. 
Pop.  150. 

North  Han'son,  a  station  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad 
(Plymouth  Line),  23  miles  S.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

North  Harbor,  a  fishing-village  at  the  head  of  Pla- 
centia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  33  miles  from  Little  Placentia. 

North  Harbor,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Placentia  and  St.  Mary's,  Newfoundland,  at  the  head  of 
St.  Mary's  Bay,  7  miles  from  Salmonier. 

North  Har'persfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harpersfield 
township,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  about  54  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

North  Harps'weH,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Me.,  on  Casoo  Bay,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland.  It 
has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

North  Hartford,  New  York.    See  Hartford. 

North  Hart'land,  a  post-village  in  Hartland  town- 
•hip,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffialo. 

North  Hartland,  a  post-village  in  Hartland  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad,  70  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

North  Har'wich,  a  post-village  in  Harwich  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  82  miles 
S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Hat'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hatfield  township, 
Hampshire  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

North  Hat'ley,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
at  the  outlet  of  Massawippi  Lake,  on  the  Massawippi  Val- 
ley Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  100. 

North  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  North  Haven  town- 
ship. New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinepiac  River,  and 
on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms,  farming-implements,  coffins,  and  bricks. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1771. 

North  Haven,  a  post- village  in  North  Haven  town- 
ship, Knox  CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rockland.  The  township  is  a  small  island  (North  Fox) 
in  the  bay  near  the  ocean,  and  has  a  pop.  of  806. 

North  Haven,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.    See  North  Sea. 

North  Haverhill,  ha'v^r-ill,  a  post-village  in  Haver- 
hill township,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
5  miles  above  Haverhill,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  & 
Montreal  Railroad,  89  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  saw-mills,  1  or  2  grist-mills,  Ac. 

North  Hav'erstraw,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  New  Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Stony  Point. 

North  He'bron,  r  post-hamlet  in  Hebron  township, 


Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  baa  a 
church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  slate-factory. 

North  Hec'tor,  a  post-village  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Heidelberg,  hl'd^l-berg,  a  post-township  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.  P.  «7» 

North  Hemp'stead,  a  township  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  7199. 

North  Hen'derson,  a  post-township  in  North  Hen- 
derson township,  Mercer  oo..  111.,  with  a  station  on  the 
Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.R 
of  Monmouth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1062. 

North  Her'mon,  a  post-office  in  Hermon  township, 
Penobscot  co..  Me.,  5  or  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

North  He'ro,  township.  Redwood  co.,  Minn.    P.  176. 

North  Hero,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grand  Isle  oo., 
Vt.,  is  on  an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  St.  Albans,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Plattsburg.  This  island 
constitutes  the  township  of  North  Hero,  and  is  12  miles 
long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  601. 

North  Hins'dale,  a  post-village  in  Hinsdale  town- 
ship, Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  3  miles  E.  of  Brattleborough,  Vt. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Hol'land  {Dutch, Noordholland,  n5Rt-hol'lint), 
a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Zuyder  Zee,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  North  Sea.  It  is  a 
peninsula  situated  between  lat.  52°  10'  and  63°  N.  and  Ion. 
4°  30'  and  5°  20'  E.  Area,  1064  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  flat,  and  much  of  it  is  below  the  level  of  the  sea, 
against  which  it  is  protected  by  artificial  dikes  and  a  line 
of  natural  dunes  or  downs.  It  is  intersected  by  several 
canals  and  railroads.  Cattle-rearing  is  the  chief  branch  of 
rural  industry.  It  has  varied  and  extensive  manufactures 
Chief  towns,  Amsterdam,  Haarlem,  Alkmaar,  Zaandaui,  and 
Hoorn.     Pop.  in  1890,  844,488. 

North  Ho'mer,  a  part  of  the  township  of  South  Ho- 
mer, Champaign  co..  111. 

North  Hoo'sic,  a  post-village  in  Hoosio  township. 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Walloomsac  River,  and  on  the 
Troy  A  Boston  Railroad,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Albany.  It  hat 
1  or  2  ])aper-mi]ls  and  a  manufactory  of  cassimeres.  Pop. 
about  400. 

North  Hope,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  North  Washington. 

North  Houston,  hu'st9n,  a  hamlet  in  Loramie  town- 
ship, Shelby  co.,  0.     Pop.  44. 

North  Hud'son,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Hudson  township,  about  100  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  The  township  is  occupied 
by  Dix's  Peak  and  other  peaks  of  the  Adirondaoks,  and  con- 
tains several  lakes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  720. 

North  Hudson,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis^ 
on  Lake  St.  Croix,  1  mile  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  flour- 
mills,  and  machine-shops  of  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad. 

North  Hunt'ington,  a  township  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  3493. 

North  Hn'ron,  a  post-village  in  Huron  townshin 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  1  mile  from  Lake  Ontario,  and  ft 
miles  S.W.  of  Oswego.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

North  Hyde  Park,  a  post- village  in  Hyde  Park  town- 
ship, Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  4  or  6  miles  N.  of  Hyde  Park,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  manufaotures  of 
butter-tubs  and  lumber. 

North  In^dianap'olis,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Belt  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  India- 
napolis. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  ohair-fao- 
tory,  a  planing-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac. 

North  In'dustry,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township, 
Stark  CO.,  0.,  3}  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

North  Ir'ving,  a  post-office  of  Barry  oo.,  Mich,.,  abont 
44  miles  W.  of  Lansing. 

North  Isleborough,  irbiir-rilb,  a  poet-village  in 
Isleborough  township,  Waldo  co..  Me.,  on  an  island  in 
Penobscot  Bay,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

North  Jack'son,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Youngttown.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  tannery,  2  steam  saw-mills,  Ac 
Pop.  about  300. 

North  Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  oo., 
Pa.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Carbondale. 

North  Jas'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.T.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Cameron  Railroad  Station.  It  hat  a  saw- 
mill and  a  planing-mill. 


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Xorth  Jav'a,  a  post-village  in  Java  township,  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y.,  14  miles  S.  of  Attica,  and  about  32  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  JajT;  a  post-village  in  Jay  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  division  of  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Farmington,  and  about  40  miles 
N.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Jog'ginS)  a  post-settlement  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  17  miles  from  Sackville.     Pop.  160. 

North  Jud'son,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Starke  cc,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Chicago 
with  Logansport,  77  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  115. 

North  Jutland,  Denmark.     See  Jutland. 

North  Kep'pel,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  19 
miles  N.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  120. 

North  Keys,  keez,  post-office,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

North  Kings'ton,  a  hamlet  of  De  Ealb  co.,  111.,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roekford, 

North  Kings'town,  a  township  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.  Pop.  3949.  It  contains  Allenton,  Bellville,  Davis- 
ville,  Hamilton,  Lafayette,  Narragansett  Mills,  Shady  Lea, 
Silver  Spring,  Slocumville,  Wickford,  &o. 

North  Kings'ville,  a  post-village  in  Kingsville  town- 
ship, Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  near  Lake  Erie,  on  the  Lake  Shore 
<fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  60  miles  B.N.E.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  &c. 

North  Kort'right,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  about  55  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Albany. 

North  La  Crosse,  a  former  post- village  of  La  Crosse 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  La  Crosse  River,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Mississippi.  It  now  forms  the  5th  ward 
of  the  city  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  several  churches,  lumber- 
mills,  and  machine-shops.  The  La  Crosse  iron  railroad 
bridge  extends  hence  across  the  Mississippi  to  La  Crescent. 
See  La  Crosse. 

North  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on 
a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  27  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee. 

North  Lake,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 17  miles  from  Canterbury  Station.     Pop.  400. 

North  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  40  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  120. 

North  Lake,  or  Cooks'ville,  a  post-settlement  in 
Westmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Sackville. 
Pop.  150. 

North  Lake'ville,  a  station  of  the  Middleborough  & 
Taunton  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Middleborough,  Mass. 

North  Lamoine,  1^-moin'',  a  post-office  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

North  Lanc'aster,or  Clair'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Beaudette,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Cornwall.     It  has  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  200. 

North  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va. 

North  Lan'sing,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  & 
Northern  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Lansing,  Mich. 

North  Lansing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lansing  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  railroad,  14  miles  N. W.  of  Free- 
ville.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  grist-mills. 

North  Law'rence,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  opposite 
Lawrence,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  fionring-mill,  and  3  public  schools. 

North  LaAvrence,  the  principal  railroad  station  in 
Lawrence,  Mass.,  is  in  the  heart  of  the  city  of  Lawrence. 

North  Lawrence,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Deer  River,  and  on  the 
Ogdensburg  <k  Lake  Champlain  Railroad  (Lawrence  Sta- 
tion), 20  miles  W.  of  Malone.  It  has  a  money -order  post- 
office,  several  saw-mills,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
pails,  tubs,  &o. 

North  Lawrence,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  town- 
ship. Stark  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad  (Lawrence  Station),  19  miles  E.  of  Wooster,  and 
7  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  a  church  and  2  coal-mines. 
Pop.  in  1890,  837. 

North'leach,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Gloucester.  Pop.  901.  It  has  a  handsome  church, 
a  grammar-school,  and  some  manufactures  of  woollens. 

North  Leb'anon,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me., 
about  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland. 

North  Lebanon,  township,  Lebanon  co..  Pa.  P.  2263. 

North  Lee,  a  post-office  in  Lee  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

North  Leeds,  a  post-hamlet  in  Leeds  township,  An- 
droscoggin eo..  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.  of  Farmington,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 


North  Leeds,  a  post-hamlet  in  Leeds  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Madison,  and  3  milei 
N.E.  of  Arlington  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Leominster,  lem'in-st§r,  a  post-village  in 
Leominster  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Nashua 
River  and  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Fitchburg.     It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  a  tannery,  &c. 

North  Lev'erett,  a  post-village  in  Leverett  township, 
Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  a  church  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

North  Lewisburg,  Ohio.    See  Lewisburo. 

North  Lex'ington,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Northern  Railroad,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  opposite  Lexington,  Si  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond,  Mo. 

North  Lib'erty,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  South  Bend.  It  haj 
3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  346. 

North  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Penn  township, 
Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tiffin  Station,  and  about 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Iowa  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Liberty,  a  village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township,  24  miles  S.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  &o.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cherry 
Fork. 

North  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Knox 
CO.,  0.,  about  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  ba« 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township, 
Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Castle. 

North  Lima,  Mahoning  co.,  0.    See  Lima. 

North  Lim'ington,  a  post-office  of  York  oo.,  Me., 
about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portland. 

North-Lined  (north'lind)  Lake,  or  Island  Lake, 
a  lake  of  British  America,  on  the  "line"  or  limit  where  the 
woods  disappear  in  consequence  of  the  high  latitude. 

North  Linn'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooklyn  town- 
ship, Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincin- 
nati &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  foundry. 

North  Lin'neus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me., 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Lis'bon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lisbon  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  White  Mountain  Railroad,  108 
miles  N.  of  Concord.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ac. 

North  Litch'lield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

North  Lit'tleton,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Plymouth, 

North  Liv'ermore,a  post-village  in  Livermore  town- 
ship, Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  about  26  miles  N.  of  Lewiston. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

North  Lon'donderry,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Manchester. 

North  Loup,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co..  Neb. 

North  Lovell,  luv'^1,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  oo.,  Me., 
about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Lu'bec,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co..  Me., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Calais. 

North  Lyme,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lyme  township.  New 
London  co..  Conn.,  about  17  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich. 

North  Lyndeborough,  lind'bur-ruh,  a  post-office  of 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Concord. 

North  Lyn'den,a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  59 
miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

North  MacGreg'or,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  town- 
ship, Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles 
above  McGregor,  and  63  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  also 
the  E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fc  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  engines,  boilers,  car-wheels,  and  stoves.  Here 
a  railroad  pontoon-bridge,  2  miles  long,  crosses  the  river  to 
Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.     Pop.  in  1890,  1160. 

North  Mad'ison,a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  2  churches. 

North  Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Madison.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  1007. 

North  Madison,  a  post-office  of  Som«irset  co..  Me.,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhegan. 

North  Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
Lake  co.,  0.,  near  Lake  Erie,  2  miles  from  Madison  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland.  Ther* 
are  near  it  3  churches. 


NO  II 


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North  Dlaho'ning,  a  township  of  Indiana  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop,  1263. 

North  Man'chester,  a  post-village  in  Manohester 
township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Yorlt  <fc  New 
England  Railroad  and  the  Hockanum  River,  10  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Hartford.    It  has  3  paper-mills  and  1  or  2  ootton-mills. 

North  Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Chester  town- 
ship, Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michi- 
gan Railroad,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport,  and  14  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Wabash  City,  It  has  a  newspaper  oflBce,  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
a  spoke-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1500. 

North  Man'heim,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co,,  Pa. 
Pop.  2420. 

North  Manitou,  man'e-too,  an  island  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan, in  Galileo  township,  Manitou  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  91. 

North  Man'lius,  a  post-hamlet  in  Manlius  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Chittenango  Creek,  about  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Syracuse.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

North  Mans'field,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

North  Mari'aville,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Hancock  oo..  Me. 

North  Marsh'field,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Plymouth  oo., 
Mass.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Mid'dleborough,  a  post-village  in  Middle- 
borough  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  Taunton  River, 
and  near  Titicut  Station  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  manu- 
factories of  shoes.  It  is  in  the  old  precinct  of  Titicut,  and 
is  often  called  by  that  name. 

North  Mid'dletown,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co., 
Ky.,  on  Stoner  Creek,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Paris,  and  about  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  bank,  a  female  insti- 
tute, 2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  P.  320. 

North  Middletown,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1223. 

North  Milford,  Kent  co.,  Del.     See  Milford. 

North  Mil 'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
at  Costigan  Station. 

North  Milwau'kee,  a  station  of  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  South  Milwaukee,  Wis, 

North  Monmouth,  mon'muth,  a  post- village  in  Mon- 
mouth township,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  near  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  about  IS  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of  shovel-handles. 

North  Monroe,  mun-ro',  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor. 

North  Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  9  or 
10  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

North  Montpe'lier,  a  post-village  in  East  Montpe- 
lier  township,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Winooski  River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier,  It  has  a 
church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  organs. 

North  Moreland,  mor'land,  a  township  of  Wyoming 
CO,,  Pa,     Pop,  831, 

North  Mount'ain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  at  the  N. 
extremity  of  Columbia  co.,  being  partly  in  this  and  partly 
in  Lycoming  co.  North  Mountain  is  also  the  name  some- 
times applied  to  the  northernmost  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies 
in  Pennsylvania,  as  contradistinguished  from  the  South 
Mountain. 

North  Mountain,  a  station  of  Augusta  co.,  Ya.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

North  Mountain,  a  ridge  extending  along  the  bound- 
ary between  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  and  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

North  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Mar- 
tinsburg.     It  is  on  a  ridge  called  North  Mountain. 

North  Mountain,  a  post-settlement  in  Dundas  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  from  Kemptville.     Pop.  100. 

North  Mnd'dy,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo.,  111.     P.  867. 

North  Mur'derkill,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  DeL 

North  Nassau,  nSls'saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  haa  a  ohuroh. 
Pop.  about  150. 

North  Na'tion  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  North  Nation  River,  9  miles  E.  of  Thurso. 
It  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  300, 

North  New'burg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newburg  town- 
ship, Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

North  Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Shiawassee  town- 
ship, Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  S.  of  Corunna,  and  73 
miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  a 
foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 


North  New  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Castl* 
township,  Lincoln  oo.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  New'field,  a  post-oflBoe  of  York  oo.,  Me.,  about 
35  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

North  New'port,  a  post-offioe  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me^ 
about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor. 

North  Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township, 
Sullivan  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  scythes,  rakes,  Ac. 

North  New  Port'land,  a  post-village  in  New  Port- 
land township,  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about  48  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Augusta.    It  has  several  mills  or  factories,  and  a  church. 

North  New'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Newry  township,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston.     * 

North  New  Sa'Iem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo., 
Mass.,  about  36  miles  N.N.B.  of  Springfield.  It  has  » 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  North'field,  a  post-offioe  of  Cook  co..  111. 

North  Nor'way,  a  post-offioe  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  8  or 
7  miles  W.  of  Paris. 

North  Nor'wich,  a  post-village  in  North  Nerwioh 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and 
on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  <fe  New  York  and  New  York 
&  Oswego  Midland  Railroads,  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  is  also  on  the  Chenango 
Canal,  and  on  the  Utioa,  Chenango  A  Susquehanna  Valley 
Railroad.  It  contains  2  churches  and  several  mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1027. 

North  Oakiield,  New  York.    See  MEcaA:nc8Tii.Lm. 

North  Oak'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa., 
about  34  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Og'den,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  S 
miles  N.  of  Ogden  City.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufao* 
tures  of  corsets  and  leather. 

North  Onslow,  onz'lo,  a  post-village  in  Pontiao  co., 
Quebec,  10  miles  from  Arnprior.     Pop.  100. 

North  Or'ange,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oranjge  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Fitchborg.  It 
has  2  churches. 

North  Or'rington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orrington  town- 
ship, Penobscot  cu..  Me.,  near  the  Penobscot  River,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Bangor. 

North  Or'well,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orwell  township, 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  It 
has  a  church. 

North  Orwell,  a  post-office  of  Addison  oo.,  Vt,  on  the 
Addison  Railroad,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland. 

North  O  8  we 'go,  a  station  in  Kendall  co.,  IlL,  on  th« 
Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  43i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Chicago. 

North  Ox'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Norwich  <fc  Worcester  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cot- 
ton-factory. 

North  Paler'mo,  a  post-offioe  of  Waldo  oo..  Me.,  21 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Par'is,  a  post-hamlet  in  Paris  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  2  miles  from  West  Paris  Station,  and  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  chair-factory. 

North  Park,  Colorado,  the  most  northerly  of  the  four 
principal  tracts  known  as  the  Parks  of  Colorado,  is  in 
Grand  co.,  extending  southward  from  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  state.  It  is  oval  in  shape,  is  about  60  miles  in  ex- 
tent from  E.  to  W.,  and  30  miles  from  N,  to  8.,  occupying 
an  area  of  about  1500  s(^uare  miles,  and  is  sarrounded  by 
lofty  ranges  of  mountains  covered  with  perpetual  snow, 
one  of  which  separates  it  from  the  Middle  Park.  It  is 
irrigated  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  River.  lU  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  meadow-tracts  and  timber-lands,  and 
it  abounds  in  deer,  bears,  antelopes,  and  other  game;  but 
the  climate,  owing  to  ite  high  latitude  and  its  elevation 
above  sea-level,  renders  it  unsuiUble  for  agricultural  pur- 
suits. Indeed,  there  is  a  frost  there  nearly  every  night, 
and  snow  falls  every  month  in  the  year. 

North  Par'ma,  or  Unionville,  a  post-village  in 
Parma  township,  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario 
Shore  Railroad,  at  Parma  Station,  10  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-milL  Here  is 
North  Parma  Post-Office.     Pop.  in  1890,  487. 

North  Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parsonfield 
township,  York  co..  Mo.,  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Port- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

North  Paw'let,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt,  i» 
Pawlet  township,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rutland. 

North  Pel'ham,  a  hamlet  in  Pelham  township,  Hilto- 


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borough  CO.,  N.H.,  2  miles  S.  of  West  'Windham  Station. 
It  has  a  woolleL  -factory  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Pel'ham,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Robinson.     Pop.  150. 

North  Pel'Ia,  a  hamlet  of  Lake  Prairie  township, 
Marion  co.,  Iowa,  near  Pella. 

North  Pem'broke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  boxes  and  shoes. 

North  Pembroke,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.  See  Mooadore. 

North  Penn,  a  post-oflBce  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 

North  Penob'scot,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Bangor.     Here  is  a  church. 

North  Per'ry,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Me. 

North  Pe'tersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  near  the  Hoc  do  River,  and  on  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  near  the  crossing  of  the  Troy  &  Boston  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Bennington,  Vt.  It  has  a  church. 
It  is  called  Petersburg  on  the  last-mentioned  railroad. 

North  Pharsa'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches, 
*  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

North  Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Oil  City. 

North  Pitch'er,  a  post-village  in  Pitcher  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Otselio  River,  8  miles  S.AV.  of 
Otselic  Station,  and  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  cigar  factory,  <fcc. 

North  Pittsford,  Vermont.     See  Pittsford  Quarry. 

North  Pitts'ton,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co..  Me., 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Plains,  a  post-township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich. 
Pop. 1803. 

North  Pla'to,  a  post-office  of  Kane  oo.,  HI. 

North  Platte,  plat,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Platte  River,  291 
miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a  court-house,  several  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  United  States  land  office, 
«omo  railroad  workshops,  a  brewery,  Ac.     P.  (1890)  3055. 

North  Pleas'ureville,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Ky. 

North  Plymouth,  plim'uth,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  sea-coa«t,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Plymouth.  Here  is  a  manufactory  of  ropes 
and  cordage. 

North  Plymp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tack-factory. 

North  Point,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the 
Patapsco  River,  Md.     On  it  are  two  light-houses. 

North  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark.,  16 
miles  WJN.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

North  Point,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  See 
also  Young  Womanstown. 

North  Polar  Sea.    See  Arctic  Ocean. 

North  Pom'fret,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pomfret  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland. 

North  Pora  Island.    See  Se-Beero. 

North'port,  a  post-village  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Black  Warrior  River,  about  2  miles  N. 
of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam 
mill.     Cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  604. 

Northport,  a  post-township  of  Waldo  oo..  Me.,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Belfast. 
Pop.  902. 

Northport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Leelanaw  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  about  3 
miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  30  miles  N.  of  Traverse 
City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Steamboats 
plying  between  Chicago  and  Buffalo  call  here.     Pop.  238. 

Northport,  a  post-village  in  Huntington  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  2  hotels,  4  churches,  3  ship-yards,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  brick-yard.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-building, 
oyster-fishery,  and  trade.  Northport  is  also  a  station  name 
for  Genola. 

Northport,  a  post-village  in  Mukwa  township,  Wau- 
paca CO.,  Wis.,  on  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  New  London.  It  has  several 
saw-mills  and  a  stave-factory. 

North  Port,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  12  miles  from  Belleville.  It 
has  2  stores.     Poo.  200. 

North  Pow'tter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baker  or  Union  co., 
Oregon,  on  Powder  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  La  Grande. 


North  Pow'nal,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo..  Me., 
22  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

North  Pownal,  a  post-village  in  Pownal  township, 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Hoosic  River,  and  on  the  Troy 
<k  Boston  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  North  Adams.  It 
has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  <kc. 

North  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-office,  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 

North  Prairie  Station,  a  post-village  in  Genesee 
township,  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  3  stores. 

North  Pres'cott,  a  post-hamlet  in  Prescott  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  palm-leaf  hats. 

North  Prov'idence,  a  township  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.  Pop.  1303.  It  contains  Allendale,  Centredale,  Gray- 
stone,  Woodville,  Ac. 

North  Pueblo,  pwSb'lo,  a  station  of  Pueblo  co..  Col., 
on  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Col- 
orado Springs. 

North  Raisinville,  ra'z^n-vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ral- 
sinville  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Canada  South- 
ern Railroad,  41  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.     Pop.  70. 

North  Ran'dolph,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  branch  of  AVhite  River,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Raymond,  r&'mfnd,  a  post-office  of  Cumbei- 
land  CO.,  Me.,  in  Raymond  township,  about  26  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Portland. 

North  Raynham,  ran'hq,m,  a  post-office  of  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Taunton. 

North  Reading,  rSd'ing,  a  post-village  in  North 
Reading  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Ipswich 
River,  and  on  the  Salem  A  Lowell  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of 
Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  public  library  kept  in 
Flint  Memorial  Hall.     Pop.  of  the  township,  979. 

North  Reading,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y. 

North  Reho'both,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Ma«., 
8  miles  W.  of  Taunton.     It  has  2  churchtt. 

North  Rich'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  town- 
ship, Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Keene. 

North  Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

North  Ridge,  rij,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cambria  township, 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Buffalo. 

North  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.     Pop.  100. 

North  Ridgeville,i^'vll,  a  post-village  in  Ridgevilla 
township,  Lorain  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from  the  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  about  18  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Cleveland.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  chair-factory. 

North  Ridge  way,  rlj'wS.,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co., 
N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lockport. 

North  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Fayette  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Black  Warrior  River  about  7 
miles  above  Tuscaloosa. 

North  River,  Iowa,  runs  eastward  through  the  cos.  of 
Madison  and  AVarren,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River 
about  10  miles  below  the  city  of  Des  Moines.  It  is  nearly 
80  miles  long. 

North  River,  a  small  stream  of  Plymouth  co.,  in  the 
E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  flows  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

North  River,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Shelby  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  about  8  miles  below  the  city  of  Quincy. 

North  River,  New  York.    See  Hudson  Rivbr. 

North  River  rises  in  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  runs  south- 
ward into  Massachusetts,  and  enters  the  Deerfield  River 
near  Shelburne  Falls. 

North  River,  Virginia,  runs  southeastward  in  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  and  unites  with  the  Middle  River  near  Port 
Republic  to  form  the  Shenandoah. 

North  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia.  This  name 
is  frequently  applied  to  the  Rappahannock  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Rapidan.  It  is  formed  by  Hedgman's  and  Thornton's 
Rivers,  which  unite  on  the  boundary  between  Culpeper  and 
Fauquier  cos.     See  Rappahannock. 

North  River,  of  Hampshire  oo.,  W.  Va.,  is  an  affluent 
of  the  Great  Cacapon  River. 

North  River,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  12  miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

North  River,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  9  miles  from  Quincy,  111. 

North  River,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  60 
miles  N.  by  W.  qf  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church  and 
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North  River*  a  post-office  and  station  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Staunton.    Here  is  a  fiouring-mill. 

North  River,  a  small  village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  6  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

North  River  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has 

1  or  2  flour-mills. 

North  Robinson,  Kansas.    See  Robinson. 

North  Rob'inson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Western  Michigan  Railroad,  at  Robinson 
Station,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Robinson,  or  Robinson,  a  post-village  of 
Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago 
Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Crestline,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Bucy- 
rus.     It  has  5  stores  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  250. 

North  Roch'ester,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Rochester  township,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rock  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Rochester,  a  post-hamlet  of  StraflFord  co., 
N.H.,  in  Rochester  township,  on  the  Eastern  or  Conway 
Railroad,  at  Hayes  Station,  5  miles  N.  of  Rochester. 

North  Rome,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

North  Ron'aldshay,  the  northernmost  island  of  the 
Orkneys,  Scotland,  2i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sanda.  Area, 
about  4  square  miles.  Pop.  481.  A  beacon  on  its  S.  prom- 
ontory is  in  lat.  59°  29'  N.  and  Ion.  2°  26'  W. 

North  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rose  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  31  miles  S.  W.  of  Oswego.    It  has  a  warehouse,  Ac. 

North  Roy'alton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Royalton  town- 
ship, Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  a  cheese-factory. 

North  Rnm'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumford  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Ru'pert,  a  post-office  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt. 

North  Rush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rush  township,  1  mile  from  Scottsville  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

North  Ras'seli,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton. 

North  Rut'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Saint  Louis,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.. 
Mo.,  is  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  Post-Office. 

North  Sa'lem,  a  post-village  in  Eel  River  township, 
Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Walnut  Fork  of  Eel  River, 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  261. 

North  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  in 
North  Salem  township,  on  Yellow  Creek,  about  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 953. 

North  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  3  miles  from  East  Derry  Station,  and  about  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of 
frocking,  shoddy,  Ac. 

North  Salem,  a  post-village  in  North  Salem  township, 
Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York 
City.  It  has  several  churches.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Croton  River.  It  has  6  churches,  and 
contains  a  village  named  Croton  Falls,  which  is  on  the  New 
York  A  Harlem  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1587. 

North  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  2 
miles  from  Eimbolton  Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Zanesville.     Pop.  93. 

North  San'bornton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sanbornton 
township,  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

North  San  Diego,  de-a'go,  a  post-town  of  San  Diego 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific,  2  miles  N.W.  of  San  Diego.     It  has 

2  churches  and  2  hotels.     The  houses  are  built  of  adobes. 
North  Sand'wich,  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Bedford.    It  has  a  church,  a  foundry, 
and  an  axe-factory. 

North  Sandwich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Laoonia.  It 
has  2  churches. 

North  San'dy,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  W.  of  Franklin. 

North  San'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sanford  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.  of  Deposit.  It  has  2  churches. 

North  San  Juan,  sin-hoo-in',  a  post-village  of  Ne- 
vada CO..  Cal.,  on  the  Middle  Yuba  River,  12  miles  N.N.W. 


of  Nevada,  and  about  14  milea  N.  of  Grus  Valley.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.  Gold  is  found 
here,  and  grapes  are  cultivated  for  wine. 

North  Scituate,  sit'u-it,  a  poat-village  of  Plymonth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railrond,  24  milea 
S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  oboroh,  a  grist-mill,  and  nana- 
factures  of  boots,  shoes,  Ac. 

North  Scitaate,  a  post-village  in  Scituate  towiuhip, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  10  miles  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a 
school  called  the  Lapham  Institute,  a  bank,  a  ootton-mill, 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  598. 

North  Scri'ba,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scriba  township,  Os- 
wego CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  railroad  between  Oswego  and  Pa- 
laski,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Sea,  or  Ger'man  Ocean  (Ger.  DeuUekM 
Meer,  doitsh'^s  main ;  Dutch,  Nord  Zee,  noRt  tk ;  Fr.  Mtr 
duNord,  main  dii  noRj  ano.  Oerman'icum  Ma're,  or  Oer- 
man'icua  Oce'anua),  an  arm  orportion  of  the  Atlantic  Ooean, 
extending  from  the  Strait  of  Dover  to  the  Shetland  Islands, 
bounded  E.  by  Norway  and  Denmark,  S.  by  Pnusia,  the 
Netherlands,  Belgium,  and  France,  and  W.  by  the  British 
Islands.  Length,  700  miles ;  extreme  breadth,  420  miles. 
On  the  N.E.  it  forms  a  wide  arm  called  the  Skager-Raok,  60 
miles  broad,  which  separates  Norway  from  Denmark.  This 
again  communicates  southward  with  the  Cattegat,  a  great 
arm  between  Sweden  and  Denmark,  and  the  Cattegat  com- 
municates with  the  Baltic  by  the  3  straits  called  the  Sonnd, 
or  Ore  Sund,  and  the  Great  and  Little  Belts.  The  shores 
of  all  the  countries  that  surround  the  North  Sea  are  deeply 
indented  with  bays  and  arms.  The  water  is  deepest  oo  the 
Norwegian  side,  where  the  soundings  give  190  fathoms ; 
but  the  mean  depth  of  the  whole  basin  may  be  stated  at 
no  more  than  31  fathoms.  The  bed  of  this  sea  is  traversed 
by  several  enormous  banks,  one  of  which,  occupying  a  cen- 
tral position,  trends  from  the  Firth  of  Forth,  Scotland,  ia 
a  N.E.  direction,  to  a  distance  of  110  miles ;  others  run 
from  Denmark  and  Jutland  upwards  of  105  miles  to  the 
N.W. ;  while  the  greatest  of  all,  the  Dogger  Bank,  occu- 
pies the  centre  of  the  sea,  from  lat.  64°  10'  to  57°  24'  N. 
and  Ion.  1°  to  6°  7'  E.  The  great  oceanic  tidal  wave  which 
originates  in  the  Atlantic,  having  swept  the  W.  coasts  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  enters  the  N.  extremity  of  the 
North  Sea,  giving  high  water  nearly  simultaneously  to  the 
opposite  shores  of  Scotland  and  Norway.  Pursuing  its 
course  along  the  coasts  of  the  former  and  of  England,  on 
which  it  strikes  very  directly  and  with  great  force,  it  rules 
the  tides  as  far  S.  as  the  Thames,  making  the  tour  of  Great 
Britain  in  18  hours.  li  determines  also  the  tides  of  Bel- 
gium from  Ostend  to  Donkirk,  and  does  not  cease  to  affect, 
though  it  does  not  rule,  the  tides  of  the  continent  through 
the  Channel.  On  entering  the  North  Sea  on  the  N.  of  Scot- 
land, the  tidal  wave  does  not  exceed  12  feet,  but  gradually 
increases  to  14,  16,  18,  and,  on  the  Humber,  to  20  feet, — a 
difference  of  height  depending  on  the  figure  of  the  shore, 
the  form  of  the  bottom,  and  the  direction  of  incidence  of 
the  wave.  The  fisheries  in  this  sea  are  extensive,  as  well 
on  the  Dogger  Bank,  celebrated  for  its  cod-fishery,  as  on  aU 
the  shores  that  bound  it;  they  are  still  greater  at  ita  K. 
extremity,  towards  the  Orkney  and  Shetland  Islee. 

North  Sea,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  8  milea  N. 
of  Southampton,  and  near  Peconic  Bay. 

North  Searsmont,  seers'mSnt,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  10  miles  W,  by  S.  of  Belfast. 

North  Searsport,  seerz'pSrt,  a  poet-offioe  of  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  9  miles  N.N.B.  of  Belfast. 

North  Sedg'wick,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sedgwick  towa- 
ship,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Belfast.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Sen'eca,  a  post- village  in  Haldimand  eo.,  On- 
tario, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  200. 

North  Sew'ickley,  a  post-township  of  Beavar  eo., 
Pa.,  3  miles  from  Homewood  SUtion,  and  about  80  milea 
N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Bearer 
River.     Pop.  1108. 

North  Shade,  a  township  of  Gratiot  oo.,  Mich.  P.  IOCS. 

North  Shapleigh,  shap'lee,  a  post-hamlet  ia  Bbap- 
leigh  township,  York  oo..  Me.,  about  35  milea  W.  by  S.  of 
Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

North  Sheffield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  oo.,  0., 
about  65  miles  E.N.E,  of  Cleveland. 

North  Shel'don,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Vt, 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Eastern  division  of  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  13  miles  N.B.  of  St.  Albana. 

North  Shenan'go,a  hamlet  in  North  Shenangotowa- 
ship,  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  near  the  Erie  A  PitUborg  RailnMd, 
about  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Meadville.  The  township  eo«. 
tains  a  village  named  Espyrille,  and  a  pop.  of  Ml. 


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North  Sher'barne,  a-post-offioe  of  Rutland  oo.,  Vt., 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Rutland. 

North  Shrews'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church  and 
%  steam  saw-mill. 

North  Side,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Gooohland  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River  Canal,  33  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

North  Sid'ney,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  oo.,  Me. 

North's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co., 
Ind.,  in  Randolph  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  12  miles 
S.  of  Aurora.     It  has  2  churches. 

North's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  oo..  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Metidville. 

North  Smith'field,  a  township  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.  Pop.  2797.  It  contains  Brancn  Village,  Forestdale, 
Slatersvifie,  Waterford,  and  a  part  of  Blackstone. 

North  So'lon,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  2 
miles  from  Randall  Station  of  the  Mahoning  division  of 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Somerset,  a  large  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
directly  N.  of  Boothia,  having  Barrow  Strait  on  the  N. 

North  Som'ervilIe,a  village  in  Somerrille  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 

North  Spar'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Groveland  and  Sparta  townships,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad  (at  McNair  Station),  8  miles  N.  of  Dans- 
rille.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Spen'cer,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  6 
oailes  from  Spencer  Station. 

North  Spencer,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  Sk  Sayre  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 

North  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  oo.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Quinniraont.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Spring'field,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  1^  miles  N.  of  Spring- 
field. It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  maohine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  about  1200. 

North  Springfield,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  6 
or  7  miles  S.E.  of  Akron. 

North  Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  near  Lake 
Erie,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  an  academy. 

North  Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  about  32  milee  S.E. 
of  Rutland. 

North  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Jaokson'co.,  Tenn. 

North  Stam'ford,  a  post-village  in  Stamford  town- 
ship, Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  8.  of 
Bridgeport. 

North  Stan'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Missisqnoi  eo., 
Quebec,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Stanbridge  Station.     Pop.  250. 

North  Star,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
North  Star  township,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Lansing. 

North  Star,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     P.  161. 

North  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Fiiirmont. 

North  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Versailles.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Star,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Fayette  township, 
Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  IB  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place. 

North  Star,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Boscobel. 

North  Ste'phentown,  a  post-office  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Bennington,  Vt. 

North  Ster'ling,  a  post-office  of  Windham  oo..  Conn., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich. 

North  Sterling,  a  hamlet  in  Sterling  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  2  miles  from 
Lake  Ontario.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Stock'holm,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  is  at  Knapp's  Station  on  the  Ogdensburg  <k  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a 
steam  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 

North  Sto'nington,  a  post-village  and  township  of 
New  London  co..  Conn.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of 
New  London.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1769. 

North  Stoughton,  8to't9n,  a  post- village  In  Btough- 
ton  township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes. 

North  Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  township  of  Washington 
to.,  Pa.     Pop.  1273.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

North  Strafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co., 
N.H.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Dover. 

North  Strafford  (Coos  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Strat- 


ford township,  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Island 
Pond,  Vt.  It  has  3  hotels,  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
starch  and  lumber.     Here  is  a  long  railroad  bridge. 

North  Stnkeley,  stQk'lee,  a  post-village  in  Sheffield 
CO.,  Quebec,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  100. 

North  Suburb'an  Town,  a  northern  suburb  of  Cal- 
cutU.     Pop.  27,263. 

North  Sad'bnry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo., 
Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitohburg  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lowell. 

North  Snt'ton,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  4  miles  W.  of  Mount  Eearsarge,  and 
about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Sotton,  a  post-village  in  Bromeco.,  Quebec,  12 
miles  N.  of  Richford,  Vt.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

North  Swansea,  swfin'zee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Swansea  township,  8  or  9  miles  S.E.  of  Prov- 
idence, R.I. 

North  Syd'ney,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
Cape  Breton,  on  the  N.W.  arm  of  Sydney  Harbor,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Sydney.  It  contains  a  number  of  stores,  several 
tanneries,  a  boot-  and  shoe-factory,  a  marine  railway,  and 
several  ship-yards.  It  is  a  port  of  entry.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  coal  are  shipped  from  here.     Pop.  1000. 

North  Tarrytown,  New  York.     See  Bebkmantowh. 

North  Taychee'dah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lao 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Summit  Station.  It  hai 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Tem^escal',  a  post-office  of  Alameda  oo..  Gal. 

North  Tewks'bury,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass., 
in  Tewksbury  township,  2  miles  from  the  Boston  A  Lowell 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Thet'ford,  a  post-village  in  Thetford  township, 
Orange  oo.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River  Junc- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

North  Tisbnry,  tis'b«r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dukei 
00.,  Mass.,  on  Vineyard  Sound,  10  miles  8.  of  Wood's  Holl, 
and  about  28  miles  S.B.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  ohuroh 
and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Tope'ka,  a  former  poat-village  of  Shawnee  oo., 
Kansas,  now  the  1st  ward  of  the  city  of  Topeka,  is  on  the 
N.  bank  of  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  Fi 
Railroad.     It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  rolling-mill. 

North  Towan'da,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  1  or  3 
miles  N.  of  Towanda.     Pop.  602. 

North  Tow'er,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jessamine 
00.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati 
Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Nicholasville. 

North  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Troy  township,  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern 
Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  bridge  over  the 
river,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  lumber,  Ao.  P.  (1^90)  600. 

North  Tru'ro,a  post-village  in  Truro  township,  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  00  miles 
by  water  and  114  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  1 
mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  church  and  facilities  for 
bathing. 

North  Try 'on,  a  village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  27  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  a  woollen- 
factory  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

North  Tun'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Tunbridge  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White  River, 
about  26  miles  S.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Tnr'ner,  a  post-village  in  Turner  township, 
Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  18  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wooden  bowls. 

North  Turner  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  3  miles  from 
North  Leeds  Station,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  a  church. 

North  Two  River,  a  small  stream  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Missouri,  runs  through  Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi 7  miles  below  West  Quincy.  The  South  Two  River 
enters  the  Mississippi  half  a  mile  farther  down. 

North  Tyne,  a  river  of  England.     See  Ttne. 

Northumberland,  nor-thum'b^r-land  (L.  Northum'- 
bria),  the  most  northern  county  of  England,  having  N.W. 
Scotland,  and  E.  the  North  Sea.  Area,  2016  square  miles. 
Surface  in  the  W.  occupied  by  the  Cheviot  Mountains  and 
by  wild  moorlands,  spurs  of  which  stretch  eastward  through 
the  county,  but  are  separated  by  fine  valleys,  which  on  the 


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E.  coast  expand  into  broad  level  tracts.  Coast-line  in  parts 
very  bold  and  rugged ;  in  other  parts  indented  by  noble 
estuaries.  Chief  rivers,  the  Tyne,  Coquet,  Alne,  Blyth, 
Wansbeok,  and  Till.  The  principal  mineral  is  coal,  for  the 
export  of  which  this  county  is  pre-eminently  noted.  Lead 
and  iron  are  also  wrought.  Manufactures  chiefly  confined 
to  Newcastle.  The  Newcastle  A  Carlisle,  Great  North  of 
England,  Newcastle  &  Berwick,  and  Caledonian  Railways 
traverse  this  county,  and  many  small  railways  connect  the 
coal-pits  with  the  rivers.  Principal  towns,  Newcastle, 
Tynemouth,  North  Shields,  Alnwick,  Hexham,  and  Mor- 
peth. The  N.  and  S.  divisions  of  the  county  each  send  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  its  boroughs  (ex- 
clusive of  Berwick)  send  four  members.  Under  the  Britons 
Northumberland  formed  part  of  the  confederacy  of  the 
Brigantes ;  under  the  Heptarchy  it  formed  a  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Northumbria.  After  the  Conquest  it  was 
granted  to  the  family  of  Percy,  to  a  descendant  of  whom  it 

still  gives  the  title  of  Duke.     Pop.  in  1891,  50(5,096. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Northumbrian,  nor-thum'bre-an. 

IVorthnm'berlaiid,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,,has  an  area  of  about  463  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the 
West  Branch  of  that  river,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  same.  These  branches  unite  about  1  mile 
above  Sunbury  in  this  .county,  which  is  also  drained  by 
Mahanoy  and  Shamokin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  fertile  valleys  and  high,  barren  ridges,  one  of  which  is 
called  Shamokin  Hill.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay 
are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This  county  has  beds 
of  limestone  and  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  which  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  the  Wilkesbarre  &  Western  Railroad,  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading 
Railroad.  Capital,  Sunbury.  Pop.  in  1870,  41,444  j  in 
1880,  53,123;  in  1890,  74,698. 

Northumberland)  an  eastern  county  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  180  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.B.  by  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  E. 
by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  coasi-hne  of  this  county  is  marked 
by  many  indentations,  and  the  S.E.  is  intersected  by  the 
Wicomico  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  Ac.  Capital,  Heathsville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6863;  in  1880,  7929;  in  1890,  7885. 

Northumberland,  a  post-village  and  township  of 
Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  140  miles  N.  of  Concord, 
and  about  2  miles  E.  of  Guildhall.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  bobbins,  lumber,  and  leather.     Pop.  955. 

Northumberland,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland 
township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about 
35  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Rensselaer  & 
Saratoga  Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Ganse- 
voort.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1624. 

Northumberland,  a  post-borough  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  branches 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Sunbury,  60  miles 
N.  of  Harrisburg,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Danville.  It  is 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad.  It  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery,  and  contains  6 
or  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  roll- 
ing-mill, and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2744. 

Northumberland,  an  extensive  maritime  county  of 
New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
It  is  drained  by  the  beautiful  river  Miramichi,  forming  at 
its  mouth  the  extensive  harbor  of  the  same  name.  The 
river  is  9  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  navigable  for  vessels 
of  the  largest  class  30  miles.  Northumberland  is  one  of  the 
best  watered  and  most  heavily  timbered  counties  in  New 
Brunswick,  and  its  commerce  is  extensive.  Area,  4760 
square  miles.     Capital,  Newcastle.     Pop.  20,116. 

Northum'berland,  a  county  of  Ontario,  lying  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  Area,  745  square  miles.  Rice 
Lake  is  in  the  northern  part  of  this  county,  and  numerous 
streams  flow  hence  to  Lake  Ontario.  The  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Cobourg,  Peterborough  & 
Marmora  Railways.     Capital,  Cobourg.     Pop.  39,086. 

Northum'berland  In'let,  British  North  America,  a 
bay  W.  of  Cumberland  Island  and  N.  of  Frobisher  Strait, 
its  entrance  in  lat.  65°  N.,  Ion.  65°  W. 

Northum'berland  Islands  are  off  the  B.  ooast  of 
Australia.     Lat.  21°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  E. 

Northumberland  Strait,  Canada,  separates  Prince 
Edward  Island  from  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia. 


Northumbria,  England.    See  Northukbeblaiib. 
North  Un'derhill,  anost-office  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt. 

about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

North  Union,  yQn'yun,  a  post-oflBce  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southweetem 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Crawfordsville. 

North  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  oo.,  Me.,  in 
Union  township,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rockland. 
North  Union,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  Pa.    P.  1683. 
North  Union,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.  P.  (JM. 
North  Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, Highland  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe. 
North  U'nity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanuw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Traverse  City.     It 
has  a  dock  and  ships  firewood. 

North'up,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  6  milee 
S.W.  of  Gallipolis.     Pop.  30. 

North  Urbana,  ur-bah'n^,  a  post-village  in  Urbana 
township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Keuka  Lake,  3  miles  E.  of 
Hammondsport,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.  It 
has  2  churches. 

North  Ux'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Uxbridge  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  Blackstone  River,  and 
on  the  Providence  A  Worcester  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Worcester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

North  Val'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y,  8 
miles  from  Cuba.  It  has  a  church. 
North  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Wis. 
North  Vas'sal borough,  a  post-village  in  Vasaal- 
borough  township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  14  miles  N.N.K.  of 
Augusta,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

North  Ver'non,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township, 
Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  railroad  which  connects  Madison  with 
Columbus,  73  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Madison,  and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  A  branch  of  the 
first-named  railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Louisville, 
Ky.  It  is  the  largest  village  or  town  in  the  county.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  chairs,  flour, 
furniture,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  in  1890,  2012. 

North  Versailles,  ver-salz',  a  township  of  All^hany 
CO..  Pa.     Pop.  2461. 

North  Ve'ta,  a  station  in  Huerfano  co..  Col.,  on  the 

Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Walsenburg. 

North  Vic'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  IJ 

miles  from  Martville  Station,  and  about  22  miles  N.  by  W. 

of  Auburn.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Vienna,  ve-en'na,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  oo., 
Me.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta. 

North  View,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Webster 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  18  milee  E.N.E. 
of  Springfield. 

North  View,  a  hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va.,  about 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Boydton. 
North  Village,  Massachusetts.    See  North  WnsaTER. 
North'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield   oo.,  Conn., 
about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danbury. 

Northville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northville  township,  La 
Salle  CO.,  111.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  20  mile» 
N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1187. 

Northville,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa, 
Northville,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  Rouge  River, 
and  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  27  milee 
W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a 
bank,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  2 
flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  school-desks,  ehuroh 
seats,  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  1573. 

Northville,  a  village  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Genoa 
township,  2  miles  E.  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  20  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  300.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  and  railroad  station  is  King's  Ferry. 
Northville,  a  post-village  in  Northampton  township, 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Saoondaga  River,  and  on  the 
Fonda,  Johnstown  A  Gloversville  Railroad,  16  milee  N.N.E. 
of  Gloversville.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufacturee  of 
leather  gloves  and  of  wooden-ware.     Pop.  in  1^90.  792. 

Northville,  a  village  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  near  Long 
Island  Sound,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Rlverhead.  It  has  a  charcb 
and  an  academy.     Here  is  Success  Post-Offloe.     Pop.  400. 

Northville,  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  Pa.,  and parUy 
in  New  York  state,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  ooaih' 
ern  Railroad,  at  State  Line  Station,  20  mile*  E.NJL  «f  th« 
city  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church. 


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Northville,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  E.  of  Crossville.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
grist-mill. 

North  Tine'land)  a  post-village  in  Landis  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  31 
miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Vineland.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  newspaper  ofSce.  Grapes  and  other  fruits  are 
exported  from  this  place. 

North  Vol'ney,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co,,  N.Y.,  about 
80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse. 

North  Wake'fieldy  a  post-hamlet  in  Wakefield  town- 
ship, Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  <k 
Conway  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Ossipee. 

North  Wakefield,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  Gatineau,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa,  It 
contains  3  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  telegraph-office.     P.  125. 

North  Wal'den,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  about  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Montpelier. 

North  Waldoborongh)  wol'do-bSr-ruh,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Waldoborough  township,  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  about 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Wales,  walz,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Gwynedd  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill, 
a  sash-factory,  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1060. 

North  Wal'pole,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
in  Walpole  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  opposite 
Bellows  Falls.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Wal'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  Merricksville  Station,  and  about  80  miles  S.W. 
of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

North  War'ren,  a  post-office  of  Enox  oo..  Me.,  about 
10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rockland. 

North  Warren,  a  post- village  in  Conewango  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley 
<fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a 
church,  a  woollen-factory,  and  several  stone-quarries,  A 
state  asylum  for  the  insane  is  located  here. 

North  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Charles  City. 

North  Washington,  a  post-office  of  Enox  oo.,  Me., 
19  miles  E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  0., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  at  Wash- 
ington Station,  21^  miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

North  Washington,  a  village  in  Washington  town- 
ship, Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.  of  Hilliard's  Station.  It  has 
2  churches  and  4  stores.     Here  is  North  Hope  Post-Office. 

North  Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

North  Waterborough,  wi't^r-btir-rfih,  a  post-office 
of  York  CO.,  Me.,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

North  Waterford,  wi't9r-f9rd,  a  post-village  in  Wa- 
terford  township,  Oxford  co.,  Me,  about  33  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Lewiaton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Wayne,  wan,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Kennebec  co..  Me.,  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

North  Weare,  wair,  a  post-village  in  Weare  township, 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Manchester,  and  about  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  a  wool- 
len-mill, and  2  manufactories  of  shoes. 

North  Web'ster,  a  village  in  Webster  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.  of  Worcester.     It  has  a  cotton-mill. 

North  West,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.     P.  879. 

North  West,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  North 
West  Harbor,  3  miles  E.  of  Sag  Harbor. 

North  West,  a  station  in  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington. 
Pop.  of  North  West  township,  2030. 

North  West,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  in  North 
West  township,  which  is  the  most  northwestern  part  of  the 
state,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Hillsdale,  Mich.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1521. 

North  West'chester,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  Boston  &  New  York  Air-Line,  at  Westchester 
Station,  15  miles  E.  of  Middletown.     Here  is  a  paper-mill. 

North  West'ern,  a  post-village  in  Western  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Black  River  Canal,  about  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

North  West  Fork,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del. 
Pop.  2071. 


North  West'port,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Fall  River,  on  the  railroad  from 
Fall  River  to  New  Bedford. 

North- West  Prov'inces,  a  lieutenant-governorship 
of  British  India,  having  the  Punjab  on  the  W.  and  N.W., 
the  Central  Provinces  on  the  S.,  Bengal  on  the  E.,  and 
Nepaul  and  the  Himalayas  on  the  N.,  and  including  the 
divisions  of  Meerut,  ^obilcund,  Agra,  Jhansee,  Allahabad, 
Benares,  and  Kumaon,  to  which,  in  1877,  was  added  the 
province  of  Oude,  including  the  divisions  of  Seetapoor, 
Lucknow,  Fyzabad,  and  Roy  Bareilly.  Total  area  (exclu- 
sive of  some  native  tributary  states),  105,395  square  miles. 
Capital,  Allahabad.  Pop.  42,001,436.  These  provinces  are 
called  "  North-West"  with  reference  to  their  position  in  the 
former  presidency  of  Bengal,  but  the  extensive  province  of 
the  Punjab  occupies  the  N.W.  part  of  India. 

North-West  Territories,  a  large  possession  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  including  all  that  portion  of  British 
North  America  outside  the  provinces  of  Ontario,  Quebec, 
Nova  Sootia,  New  Brunswick,  Manitoba,  British  Columbia, 
Prince  Edward  Island,  and  Newfoundland.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic, 
on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific,  and  on  the  S.  *by  parts  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  United  States.  Area,  2,314,808 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  99,722.  Hudson's  Bay  and  the 
district  of  Keewatin  divide  it  into  two  portions,  of  which 
the  eastern  is  often  called  East  Main. 

This  immense  district  was,  until  1870,  known  as  the 
Hudson's  Bay  Territory,  and  was  governed  by  the  Hud- 
son's Bay  Company,  by  whom  it  was  divided  into  four  large 
departments  or  regions,  subdivided  into  33  districts,  in- 
cluding 155  posts.  The  government  was  administered  by  a 
chief  governor  and  council,  and  the  various  departments  by 
chief  factors  and  chief  traders ;  but  in  1869  the  company 
relinquished  governmental  functions,  and  in  1870  the 
North-West  Territories  came  into  the  possession  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  and  were  made  a  province. 

The  territories  now  outside  Manitoba,  Keewatin,  and 
British  Columbia  are  governed  by  the  lieutenant-governor 
of  the  North-West  Territories,  and  by  a  legislative  assem- 
bly of  22  members.     Battleford  is  the  seat  of  government. 

The  North-West  Territories  are  watered  by  numerous 
lakes  and  rivers.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Churchill, 
Nelson,  Severn,  Albany,  Abbitibbi,  East  Main,  and  Great 
Whale  Rivers,  flowing  into  Hudson's  Bay;  the  Mackenzie, 
Coppermine,  and  Great  Fish  Rivers,  flowing  into  the  Arctic 
Ocean;  the  Saskatchewan,  Assinniboin,  and  Red  Rivers, 
falling  into  Lake  Winnipeg;  and  the  Caniapuscaw  and 
Natwakame  Rivers,  falling  into  Hudson  Strait.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  the  Great  Bear,  Great  Slave,  Athabasca, 
Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  Lake  of  the  Woods,  Winnipegoos, 
Clearwater,  Nelson,  Deer,  Wollaston,  North-Lined,  Mistaa- 
sini,  and  Abbitibbi. 

The  agricultural  capabilities  of  at  least  500,000  square 
miles  of  the  North-West  Territories  are  great.  The  fertile 
belt  of  the  Saskatchewan  alone  contains  an  area  of  64,400 
square  miles,  in  one  continuous  strip  800  miles  long  by  80 
miles  broad.  But  the  best  wheat  area  is  beyond  the  Sas- 
katchewan, viz.,  in  the  valleys  of  the  Athabasca  and  Peace 
Rivers,  comprising  an  area  of  three  hundred  million  acres 
beyond  the  supposed  limit  of  the  fertile  belt  of  the  North- 
West.  The  Saskatchewan  valley  possesses  a  deep  and  rioh 
soil  of  vegetable  mould ;  and  in  the  western  districts,  which 
are  removed  from  the  influence  of  the  great  lakes,  the 
spring  commences  about  a  month  earlier  than  on  the  shores 
of  Lake  Superior.  About  150  miles  E.  of  the  Rooky  Moun- 
tains the  great  coal  (or  lignite)  bed  commences.  So  far  as 
has  been  ascertained,  it  is  over  300  miles  in  width,  and 
extends  continuously  over  16  degrees  of  latitude  to  the 
Arctic  Ocean. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  is  constructed  through  the 
great  Saskatchewan  country,  and  crosses  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains through  the  Yellow  Head  Pass,  opening  up  one  of 
the  richest  countries  on  the  globe.  The  greater  part  of 
the  present  population  is  Indian.  Many  of  the  natives  are 
prosperous  and  partially  civilized  under  the  training  of  the 
Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic  missionaries.  There  are 
2  Anglican  and  2  Roman  Catholic  bishops  in  the  province. 

North  Weymouth,  wa'miith,  a  post-village  in  Wey- 
mouth township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Settled  in  1624. 

North  Whar'ton,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  about 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Emporium. 

North  White  Creek,  a  village  in  White  Creek  town- 
ship, Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratogftj 


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Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  is  almost  contiguous  to 
the  village  of  Cambridge,  and  contains  several  churches 
and  a  national  bank. 

North  White'field,  a  post-village  in  Whitefield  town- 
ship, Lincoln  co..  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bath. 

North  White'hall,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa., 
about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Lehigh  River.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Coplay, 
Ironton,  and  Schnecksville.     Pop.  4170. 

North'wich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  17i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chester,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  river 
Weaver  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grammar-school,  a  union  workhouse,  a  branch  bank,  large 
dock-yards,  very  extensive  manufactures,  and  exports  of 
salt,  obtained  from  contiguous  mines  and  very  productive 
brine  springs.     Pop.  1244. 

North  Wilbraliam,  Mass.     See  CoLuifs'  Dbpot. 

North  Williamsburg,  wil'y^mz-biirg  (formerly 
Bell's  Corners),  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.  of  Morrisburg.  It  contains  7  stores,  a  tannery, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

North  Wil'liston,  a  post-village  in  Williston  town- 
ship, Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  Winooski  River,  and  on  the 
Vermont  Central  Railroad  at  Williston  Station,  9  miles  E. 
of  Burlington.  It  has  a  steam  mill,  a  machine-shop,  and 
ft  butter-tub  factory. 

North  Wil'mington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilmington 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  near  a  branch  of  the  Salem 
&  Lowell  Railroad,  and  at  Wilmington  Station  on  the  Bos- 
ton A,  Maine  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

North  Wil'iia,  a  post-office  of  Jefierson  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown, 

North  Wil'tou,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilton  township, 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Danbury. 

North  Wilt'shire,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  10 
miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  180. 

North  Wiu'chester,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co., 
Ontario,  28  miles  from  Wales.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
saw-mill. 

North  Wiud'ham,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Norwich,  and  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  about  220. 

North  Windham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  at  the  outlet  of  Sebago  Lake, 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Portland. 

North  Windham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Vi., 
about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland. 

North  Win'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Utica. 

North  Win'terport,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me., 
on  the  Penobscot  River,  9  miles  below  Bangor. 

North  Wisconsin  Junction,  a  post-office  of  St. 
Croix  CO.,  Wis.,  at  Hudson  Junction. 

North  Wo'burn,  a  post-village  in  Woburn  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Lowell  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  leather  and  shoes,  also  a  graded  school. 

North  Wolcott,  wSSl'kpt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wolcott 
township,  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Fair  Haven. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 

North  Wolcott,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wolcott  township, 
Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Wolfborough,  wSSlf 'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Wolfborough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Concord. 

North'wood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worth  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Northwood  township,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  20  miles  N.  of  Mason  City, 
and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Austin,  Minn.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  859;  of  the  township,  1385. 

Northwood,  a  township  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.H. 
Pop.  1430.  It  contains  Northwood  Centre,  Northwood 
Narrows,  Northwood  Ridge,  and  East  Northwood. 

Northwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  64 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  is  2  miles  from  Belle  Centre. 

North  Wood'berry,  township,  Blair  co..  Pa.   P.  953. 

North  Woodbury,  wood'b^r-re,  a  village  of  Morrow 
CO.,  0.,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mansfield.     Pop.  118. 

North'wood  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Northwood 
township,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  20  miles  E.  of  Concord. 
Here  is  an  academy. 

Northwood  Narro.ws,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
«o.,  N.H..  about  16  miles  E.  of  Conoord. 
128 


Northwood  Ridge,  a  po^t-vUlago  of  Rookioghaa 
CO.,  A.H.     Here  is  Northwood  Seminary. 

North  Wood'stock,  a  po«t-TiIlage  in  WoodMo«k 
township,  Windham  co..  Conn..  3  milM  from  New  Bo«toa 
Station  of  the  New  York  A,  New  England  Railroad,  and 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  bai  1  or  2  ebvchw, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  carriages,  and  ilalglu. 

North  Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Urafton  oo- 
N.H.,  in  Woodstock  township,  22  miles  N.  of  PlymoiUb. 

North  Yak'ima,  a  city  of  Washington,  the  oapiul  of 
Yakima  co.,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  90  milw  W. 
by  N.  of  Pasco  Junction,  and  164  miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of 
Tacoma.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  publio  schools,  aoad- 
cmy  and  Indian  school,  and  3  newspaper  oSces.  Pop. 
about  3000.  "^ 

North  Yam  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  oo., 
Oregon,  on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  7  mllca  N.W.  of 
Lafayette. 

North  Yar'mouth,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Yarmouth 
township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  and 
Maine  Central  Railroads,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  940. 

Nor'ton,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Derby,  4  mllea  8. 
by  E.  of  Sheffield.     Pop.  2800. 

Norton,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  York,  on  the  Derwent,  opposite  Malton.     Pop.  3170. 

Nor'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
dering on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River  and  by 
Prairie  Dog  Creek.  About  99  per  cent,  of  this  county  is 
prairie.  Indian  com  and  wheat  are  its  staple  products. 
Capital,  Norton.     Pop.  in  1830,  6998;  in  1890,  10,617. 

Norton,  a  post-township,  forming  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Kankakee  co..  111.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  118u. 
Norton  Post-Offioe  is  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kankakee  City. 

Norton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  65  miles  N.  of  Trego  Station.  It  has 
a  court-house,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    P.  (IS90)  1074. 

Norton,  a  post-village  in  Norton  township,  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  near  the  Mansfield  &  Taunton  Branch  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Taunton,  and  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Boston. 
The  station  is  at  East  Norton,  1  mile  E.  of  the  village. 
Norton  contains  the  Wheaton  Female  Seminary  and  6 
churches.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool- 
len goods,  jewelry,  friction  matches,  and  copper.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  1785. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Muskegon  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  392. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  770. 

Norton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hunterdon 
CO.,  N.J.,  2i  miles  from  Pattenburg  Station,  and  12  mllea 
N.W.  of  Flemlngton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Norton,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Marl- 
borough township,  on  the  Whetstone  River,  35  mllee  N.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Summit  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1821.  It 
contains  Norton  Centre. 

Norton,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  oo.,  Oregon. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.  Pop.  803.  It 
contains  Norton  Mills. 

Norton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  In  Norton  township. 
Summit  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  New  Portage  SUtion  of  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  8  milea  S.W.  of 
Akron. 

Norton  Dale,  a  post-settlement  in  York  oo..  New 
Brunswick,  16  miles  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Norton  Furnace,  Massachusetts.    See  Eaw  Nobto». 

Norton  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo,,  N.Y,  about 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Norton-King's,  England.    See  Kimo's  Nobto*. 

Norton-Midsomer.    See  Mineojmn  Nobto5. 

Norton  Mills,  a  uo»t-hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  VL,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Kailroad,  166  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  Me. 

Nortou's,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  N.C.,  40  milee 
N.  of  Walhallu,  S.C. 

Nor'ton  Saint  Phil'ip,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng 
land,  CO.  of  Souierset,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Batfi.     Pop.  565. 

Norton  Sound,  an  inlet  of  the  »oa.  In  the  W.  part  of 
Alaska,  penetrates  inland  nearly  200  miles.  It  is  moetlT 
bet^woen  lat.  63°  and  65°  N.  and  Ion.  162"  and  166"  SO*  W. 

Norton  Station  (formerly  Fingerboard),  a  pcet- 
village  in  Kings  oo.,  New  Briutswiok,  on  the  International 
Railway,  33  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contains  6  sloies,  2 
hoteU,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  200. 

Nor'tonsville,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  CO.,  Va.,  aboat 
80  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Staunton. 

Nor'tonville,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Contra  CoeU  eft,Ou, 


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on  the  Black  Diamond  Railroad,  near  Mt.  Diablo.  Coal 
is  mined  here. 

Nortonville,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  16J  miles  S.W. 
of  Atphison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Nortonville,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  St.  Louis  <t  Southeastern  Railroad,  75  miles  E. 
of  Paducah,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Hopkinsville.  It  contains 
an  academy  and  2  or  3  saw-mills.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Noruega,  Norvfege,  Norvegia,  Norv6gien,  Nor- 
regiano.    See  Norway. 

Norunga,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Noubunoa. 

Norungabad,  no-rung-gi-bid',  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Muttra. 

Nor'val,  a  post- village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  26J  miles 
W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a  church,  woollen-,  grist-,  and 
saw-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Nor'vell,  a  post-village  in  Norvell  township,  Jackson 
00.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Jackson  Branch  of 
the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jack- 
ton.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour, 
■ash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  858. 

Norwalk,  nor'wSk,  a  river  of  Connecticut,  falls  into 
Long  Island  Sound  a  few  miles  below  Norwalk. 

NorAvalk,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of 
Los  Angeles. 

Norwalk,  a  post-borough  in  Norwalk  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  22  miles  S.  of  Danbury,  and  2  miles 
N.E.  of  South  Norwalk.  It  is  on  the  Danbury  A  Norwalk 
Railroad,  and  near  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford 
Railroad.  It  contains  13  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  or 
2  savings-banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  fine  union  school- 
house,  the  Hillside  Seminary,  a  paper-mill,  a  pottery,  and 
a  woollen-factory.  The  township  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  felt  cloth,  shirts,  locks,  door-knobs,  straw  goods, 
hats,  shoes,  Ac.  It  contains  a  city  named  South  Norwalk, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  17,747. 

Norwalk,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo.,  Fla. 

Norwalk,  township,  Pottawattamie  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  289. 

Norwalk,  a  post-village  in  Linn  township,  Warren  oo., 
Iowa,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  haa  3  churches. 
Coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Norwalk,  a  post-office  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas. 

Norwalk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  38 
miles  S.W.  of  Traverse  City. 

Norwalk,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of  Huron  co., 
0.,  in  Norwalk  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  32  miles 
E.  of  Fremont,  and  about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sandusky. 
It  is  situated  on  a  sandy  ridge,  and  has  well -paved  streets, 
shaded  with  maple  trees.  It  haa  2  national  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  a  public  library,  graded  schools,  10  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  organs,  shoes,  ploughs,  sewing-ma- 
chines, tobacco,  and  fanning-mills,  also  gas-works  and  water- 
works. Here  are  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  employing 
about  250  men.    Pop.  in  1890,  7195  ;  of  the  township,  8543. 

Norwalk,  a  post-village  of  Ridgeville  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Norway,  nor'wi  (Nor.,  Dan.,  and  Sw.  Norge,  noR'gi ; 
Ger.  Norwegen,  noa'^fti^gh^n ;  Dutch,  Noorwegen,  noR'wi- 
gh§n ;  Fr.  Norvlge  or  Norwlge,  noKVaizh' ;  Sp.  Noruega, 
noR-wi,'g&;  It.  Norvegia,  nor-vi'je-i;  li.  Norwe' gia  ;  anc. 
Nerigonia  t),  a  country  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Europe,  and  occupying  the  N.W.  and  W.  part  of  the  Scan- 
dinavian peninsula.  It  extends  from  lat.  57°  to  71°  11'  40' 
N.,  and  from  Ion.  4°  45'  to  31°  57'  E.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Russian  Lapland,  E.  by  Sweden,  and  washed  on 
all  other  sides  by  the  sea, — by  the  Arctic  Ocean  on  the  N., 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  North  Sea  on  the  N.W.  and  W., 
and  the  Skager-Rack  on  the  S.  Length,  from  S.S.W.  to 
N.N.E.,  about  1080  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  275 
miles;  but  towards  the  N.  its  breadth  in  some  places  is 
contracted  to  20  miles.     Area,  125,590  square  miles. 

The  coast-line  consists,  for  the  most  part,  of  bold  precipi- 
tous clifis,  and  is  remarkable  both  for  the  innumerable 
islands  by  which  it  is  lined,  and  the  bays  or  fiords  which 
deeply  indent  it,  sometimes  forming  excellent  harbors. 
Numerous  peninsulas  separate  the  fiords  ;  among  the  most 
remarkable  of  which  are  Cape  Nordkyn  on  the  N.,  and 
Cape  Stadt  on  the  W.  Many  islands  line  the  coast,  the 
principal  being  the  Lofifoden  Islands,  separated  fi^om  the 


continent  by  the  Vest-fiord ;  and,  farther  N.,  the  islands 
of  Mageroe,  Soroe,  Ringvalsoe,  Hvaloe,  and  Senjen.  Be- 
tween these  and  the  continent  there  is  a  wide  passage  for 
coasting-vessels. 

The  surface  of  Norway  is  very  mountainous,  particularly 
in  the  W.  and  N. ;  but  mountain-chains,  properly  so  called, 
have  no  existence,  the  true  character  of  the  surface  being 
that  of  a  series  of  elevated  plateaus,  from  which  mountain- 
masses  rise  with  the  greatest  irregularity.  The  plateaus 
referred  to  seem  to  admit  of  being  reduced  to  six :  1.  The 
Plateau  of  Finmark.  2.  The  Plateau  of  Nordland  and 
Trondhjem,  extending  to  the  Trondhjem-Fjord  and  Lake 
Storsjon.  3.  The  Dovrefield  Plateau,  with  its  lofty  peaks 
of  Sneehaetten,  Skrimkolla,  Stcnkolla,  and  Nunsfield.  4. 
The  Plateau  of  Langfield,  containing  the  Galdhoppigen, 
8785  feet  high,  and  the  Hornelen,  a  curious  isolated  mass, 
terminating  in  a  sharp,  jagged  peak,  2705  feet  high,  and 
nearly  overhanging  the  sea,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Bremanger.  5.  The  plateau  of  Fille-Fjeld,  situated 
between  the  Sogne-Fiord,  the  Valley  of  Valdre,  the  fiords 
of  Rand  Tyri  and  Christiania,  the  Skager-Rack,  and  the 
German  Ocean.  6.  The  East  Plateau,  the  lowest  of  all, 
and  extending  into  Sweden,  where  its  direction  may  be 
traced  by  the  chain  of  lakes  which  stretch  across  that 
country.  In  general,  however,  the  face  of  the  country  is 
rugged  ;  the  valleys  are  short  and  abrupt,  and  the  streams, 
dashing  down  impetuously  through  rocky  gorges,  form  nu- 
merous cascades ;  while  the  fiords,  overhung  by  lofty  preci- 
cipes  or  towering  forests,  and  the  deep  and  extensive  lakes 
embosomed  among  the  mountains,  furnish  alpine  scenes  of 
the  wildest  magnificence.  Vast  glaciers  descend  from  the 
plateaus.  The  only  plains  are  those  formed  by  the  table- 
lands, and  the  isolated  mountain-peaks  on  these  table-lands 
rise  far  above  the  snow-line. 

The  minerals  are  both  numerous  and  abundant,  and, 
where  the  means  of  transport  exist,  can  generally  be  worked 
to  great  advantage.  The  only  mines  in  operation  are  those 
of  silver,  copper,  iron,  cobalt,  and  chrome.  The  chief  pro- 
duct is  iron,  the  mines  of  which  are  situated  mostly  near 
the  Gulf  of  Christiania ;  the  silver-mine  of  Kongsberg  is,  at 
present,  one  of  the  richest  in  Europe,  and,  next  to  the  cop- 
per-mine of  Rfiraas,  the  most  important  in  the  kingdom 
The  other  minerals  worthy  of  notice  are  alui 


alum  and  marble. 


Norway  has  no  large  rivers,  but  an  immense  number  of  I 
minor  streams,  from  the  western  slope,  proceed  directly  to  1 
the  shore  or  the  numerous  fiords  which  penetrate  it.  On 
the  E.  slope,  again,  the  streams  do  little  more  than  com- 
mence their  course  in  Norway.  The  rivers  that  are  of  im- 
portance have  a  S.  direction,  and  discharge  themselves  into 
the  Skager-Rack.  Of  these  the  most  deserving  of  notice 
are  the  Glommen  and  its  affluent  the  Lougan,  the  Beina, 
Lauven,  Skien-Nid,  and  Torrisdal,  but  none  of  them  are 
navigable,  on  account  of  waterfalls.  Of  these  the  more 
celebrated  are  the  Sarpenfos,  on  the  Glommen,  near  Fred- 
ericksstad,  and  the  Rukaufos,  in  the  district  of  Telle- 
marken,  which  falls  613  feet  perpendicular.  Voringsfos, 
in  the  district  of  Hardanger,  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
920  feet,  and  the  Rinkanfos  has  about  the  same  fall.  The 
most  important  rivers  in  the  N.  are  the  Tana,  which  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Russia  and  Norway,  and  falls 
into  the  Arctic  Ocean ;  and  the  Namsen,  flowing  into  the 
Atlantic.  The  river-systems  of  Norway  are  of  the  utmost 
importance,  the  smaller  streams  being  employed  in  driving 
the  machinery  of  mines  and  mills,  and  in  floating  timber  to 
the  larger  rivers ;  these  serve  also  as  the  chief  means  of 
communication  in  winter,  when  they  are  covered  with 
strong  ice.  The  lakes  are  numerous,  the  principal  being 
the  Rys  Vand,  Snaassen  Vand,  and  Miosen  Vand.  Many 
of  them  are  situated  at  great  elevations  in  the  table-land : 
among  these  the  Bygdinsee,  from  15  to  20  miles  long,  is 
3490  feet  above  the  sea. 

Although  nearly  one-third  of  Norway  is  situated  within 
the  frozen  zone,  various  causes  contribute  to  modify  the 
temperature.  One  of  those  is  the  great  extent  of  sea-coast, 
and  the  large  extent  of  surface  occupied  by  water,  and  more 
especially  by  the  fiords  which  are  in  immediate  communica- 
tion with  the  ocean,  and  the  temperature  of  which  is  sensi- 
bly afiected  by  the  Gulf  Stream.  The  snow-line  is  much 
higher  here  than  in  corresponding  latitudes  in  other  coun- 
tries. The  sea  never  freezes,  even  at  North  Cape,  but  the 
shallow  water  of  the  Skager-Rack  is  sometimes  frozen. 

The  year  is  nearly  divided  between  winter  and  summer, 
spring  is  almost  unknown,  and  the  autumn  is  cold  and 
rigorous ;  snow  covers  the  ground  from  the  beginning  of 
November  till  the  end  of  March.  Summer  lasts  from  May 
to  September,  during  which  the  temperature  is  often  as 
high  as  108°  Fahrenheit.     From  8  to  12  weeks  are  some- 


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times  suflBcient  for  sowing,  ripening,  and  reaping  the  cto\)S 
in  the  interior.  Tlie  climate  of  the  W.  coast,  though  com- 
paratively mild,  is  excessively  humid,  the  rainfall  amount- 
ing to  80  inches  annually. 

Among  trees,  the  pine  tribe  are  the  most  numerous,  and 
clothe  the  mountain-slopes  with  magnificent  forests.  The 
oak  forms  fine  forests  in  the  S. ;  the  birch  attains  the  high- 
est northern  latitudes.  Of  fruit  trees,  the  apple  is  common 
in  the  lower  regions,  and  the  cherry  is  widely  distributed. 

The  principal  grain  of  Norway  is  barley,  which  is  grown 
as  high  as  70°  N.  lat.  Rye  is  cultivated  up  to  69°,  oats  to 
68°,  but  wheat  not  beyond  64°  N.  latitude,  and  that  only 
in  the  most  favorable  seasons.  Potatoes  are  grown  with 
success  even  in  Finmark.  Hemp  and  flax  are  generally  cul- 
tivated J  and  in  the  S.  part  of  the  country  some  tobacco  is 
grown. 

Cattle-rearing  is  an  extensive  branch  of  rural  economy, 
the  inhabitants  leaving  the  villages  and  spending  the  sum- 
mer with  their  flocks  and  herds  in  the  upper  valleys.  Sheep 
and  goats  are  numerous;  the  horses  are  of  a  diminutive 
size ;  the  ponies  are  among  the  best  of  their  kind,  and  are 
often  exported  to  other  countries.  Another  domestic  animal 
of  great  value  is  the  reindeer,  which  forms  the  principal 
stock  of  the  N.  provinces.  The  principal  wild  animals  are 
the  brown  bear,  wolf,  lynx,  and  fox.  Game  is  abundant, 
including  the  deer,  elk,  reindeer,  and  hare,  the  seal,  the 
otter,  and,  among  birds,  the  grouse  and  the  capercailzie. 
The  coast  literally  swarms  with  sea-fowl ;  the  wild  goose 
and  eider-duck  are  numerous ;  the  swan  appears  on  the  S. 
coast  in  winter,  and  ducks  of  various  kinds  abound  on  the 
coasts  and  in  the  lakes  and  rivers.  In  the  small  uninhab- 
ited isles  off  the  N.  coast  vast  numbers  of  the  eggs  of  sea- 
fowl  are  procured. 

The  fisheries  of  Norway  are  of  very  great  value.  Whales 
are  captured  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers,  as 
well  as  for  their  oil,  but  a  far  more  valuable  source  of  rev- 
enue is  furnished  by  the  cod-  and  herring-fisheries.  The 
rivers  and  lakes  abound  with  salmon  and  trout.  There  are 
extensive  beds  of  oysters  on  all  the  coasts. 

Manufactures  have  made  very  little  progress.  Cotton, 
woollen,  flax,  and  silk  tissues  are  produced  to  some  extent, 
but  only  for  home  use,  and  there  are  large  tobacco-factories 
and  sugar-refineries.  Distilleries,  malt-works,  and  saw- 
mills are  numerous,-  next  to  these  are  forges  and  metal- 
foundries.  The  manufactures  of  cloth,  linen,  and  cotton,  as 
well  as  the  preparation  of  skins  and  leather,  are  almost  en- 
tirely domestic.  The  other  manufactures  comprise  those  of 
glass,  paper,  oil,  gunpowder,  soap,  cotton  yarn,  tobacco,  and 
sugar-refining.  All  the  seats  of  industry,  and  the  only 
towns,  are  on  the  coast,  and  chiefly  on  the  Gulf  of  Chris- 
tiania.     Ship-building  is  actively  carried  on  in  the  ports. 

The  exportation  of  fish  is  the  most  important  article  of 
trade.  Next  to  this  is  the  export  of  timber  and  of  ice ;  and, 
lastly,  the  products  of  the  mines  and  metal  forges.  Fish  is 
exported  from  all  the  towns  on  the  W.  coast,  but  Bergen  is 
the  chief  entrepSt.  The  most  important  branches  of  this 
trade  are  dried  fish  and  salted  herrings.  The  export  of 
mineral  products  is  less  than  might  be  expected  from  the 
number  of  mines;  the  principal  are  iron,  copper,  and  sil- 
ver. The  chief  imports  are  grain,  butter,  beef,  various 
tissues  of  wool,  cotton,  flax  aifd  silk,  raw  wool,  hemp,  salt, 
sugar,  coffee,  tobacco,  wine,  brandy,  and  vinegar.  This 
trade  is  chiefly  concentrated  in  the  towns  of  Bergen,  Chris- 
tiania,  and  Trondhjem,  though  Drammen,  Christiansand, 
and  Arendal  likewise  have  a  considerable  share. 

None  of  the  rivers  are  navigable  except  near  their  mouths ; 
few  good  roads  exist;  and  the  usual  communication  is  by 
sea.  There  are  about  700  miles  of  railway  in  operation. 
Among  the  numerous  islands  on  the  W.  coast  there  are 
violent  and  irregular  currents,  which  render  the  coast  navi- 
gation dangerous.  Among  these  is  the  celebrated  Msel- 
Btrom,  the  danger  from  which  has  been  greatly  exag- 
gerated. Regular  communications  have  been  established 
between  the  principal  towns  on  the  coast  from  Christiania 
to  Hammerfest,  and  steam  vessels  ply  in  the  Gulf  of  Chris- 
tiania and  on  the  Lakes  of  MiSsen  and  Tyrifiord. 

Oovernment, — Norway  is  a  limited  hereditary  monarchy, 
divided  into  6  provinces  or  dioceses,  subdivided  into  17 
bailiwicks,  and  united  with  Sweden  as  a  free,  independent, 
indivisible  kingdom,  under  one  common  male  sovereign,  of 
the  Lutheran  religion.  The  legislative  assembly,  or,  as  it 
is  called.  Storthing  (from  ttor,  great,  and  thing,  court),  is 
elected  by  the  citizens,  and  exists  for  three  years,  when  a 
new  election  must  take  place.  It  is  subdivided  into  two 
chambers, — one  consisting  of  one-fourth  of  the  members, 
and  called  the  Lagthing  ;  and  the  other,  of  the  remaining 
three-fourths,  and  called  the  Odehthing.    These  chambers 


meet  separately,  and  each  nominates  \t»  own  pretidrat  uid 
secretary.  Every  bill  must  originate  in  the  Odekthiag, 
but  may  be  proposed  either  by  the  membtra  or  by  the  gw- 
emment.  The  veto  of  the  king  beoomM  ineffertual  agmlut 
any  measure  which  has  been  sdopt«d  withoot  modifieatloa 
by  three  suooessive  storthings. 

Bevenue,  Army,  *c.— The  revenne  and  expenditorw  ac- 
cording to  the  budget  for  1894  are  eaob  about  $14,000,000  r 
debt  (1892),  13^,000,000.  The  army  (troop,  with  retarrM) 
numbers  40,000,  with  800  officers.  The  navy  comprii«  39 
steamers  and  6  sailing-vessels  and  oared  gonboatji. 

Religion  and  Education.— The  Lnther»n  ia  the  religion 
of  the  state,  and  is  professed  by  the  great  body  of  the  people. 
Other  religionists  are  tolerated,  Jesuits  excepted.  The  gov- 
ernment offices  are  open  only  to  members  of  the  ectabliahed 
church.  Education  is  very  generally  diffused,  and  ia  6M- 
duoted  on  a  national  system,  aooording  to  which  gntaftona 
instruction  of  an  elementary  kind  is  placed  within  the  reach 
of  all  capable  of  receiving  it ;  and  all  children,  of  aeven  yeara 
complete,  in  towns,  and  of  eight  years  in  the  country,  are  re- 
quired to  be  in  attendance  at  school  till  confirmation,  which 
usually  takes  place  between  the  ages  of  14  and  17.  The 
towns  possess,  in  addition  to  these  people's  schools,  what 
are  called  middle  schools,  middle  and  royal  schools,  burgher 
schools,  and  Latin  or  learned  schools,  in  all  of  which  superior 
instruction  is  given.  There  are  also  four  cathe<lr(il  schools, 
one  each  in  the  towns  of  Christiania,  Bergen,  Trondhjem, 
and  Christiansand.  There  is  a  military  school  at  Chri»- 
tiania,  and  a  school  of  marine  at  Frederiksvaem.  Six 
normal  schools  are  supported  by  the  state.  At  the  head  of 
all  the  educational  establishments  is  the  University  of  Chris- 
tiania, at  which  complete  courses  of  lectures  are  delivered, 
to  qualify  for  the  different  learned  professions. 

The  capital  is  Christiania.  Pop.  in  1891, 1,999,17(5.  The 
Norwegian  language  claims  for  itself  a  venerable  origin, 
and  is  radically  identical  with  the  Icelandic. 

History. — The  early  history  of  the  Norwegians  is  envel- 
oped in  fable.  The  historic  period  commences  with  the 
reign  of  Harald  Harfagar  (or  Haarfagar),  "  fair  hair,"  who 
died  in  933.  His  son  Eric,  sumamed  BlSdoxe  ("blood} 
axe"),  because  of  his  cruelties  was  ultimately  driven  from 
the  throne,  and  his  crown  was  seized  by  his  brother,  Hako 
I.,  who  was  brought  up  in  England  with  Athelstan  and  had 
embraced  Christianity.  He  governed  wisely,  and  for  the 
most  part  peacefully,  enacting  many  valuable  laws,  though 
he  failed  in  a  direct  attempt  to  make  his  subjects  renounce 
paganism.  Olaf  I.  and  his  son  St.  Olaf  established  Chris- 
tianity. Magnus  I.,  sumamed  the  Good,  the  son  of  St, 
Olaf,  was  called  to  the  throne,  by  election,  in  1036,  and, 
having  in  1042  succeeded  also  to  the  throne  of  Denmark, 
united  both  under  one  monarchy.  On  his  death  the  orowna 
of  Norway  and  Denmark  were  again  separated. 

In  the  twelfth  century  the  Norwegians  swayed  the  aoeptr* 
not  over  Norway  merely,  but  over  many  ports  of  the  ooMta 
of  Britain  and  the  adjacent  islands,  more  especially  the 
Orkneys  on  the  N.  and  the  Hebrides  on  the  N.W.  of  Scot- 
land. In  the  time  of  Magnus  IV.,  who  reigned  towards 
the  close  of  the  thirteenth  century,  the  Hebrides  and  the 
Isle  of  Man  were  ceded  to  the  Scottish  king,  Alexander 
III.  In  1319  the  crowns  of  Norway  and  Sweden  beoune 
for  a  short  time  united  in  the  person  of  Magnus  V.  The 
next  name  of  importance  among  the  sovereigns  of  Norway 
is  that  of  Eric  of  Pomerania.  He  succeeded,  by  sepanUe 
titles,  to  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark,  and  in  1397  waa 
formally  crowned  king  of  the  three  kingdoms  of  the  North. 
Soon  after  Sweden  again  became  a  aeparate  kingdom,  but 
the  union  between  Denmark  and  Norway  was  drawn  oloMr 
and  closer,  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  latter,  which  waa 
ultimately  degraded  into  a  mere  depenJency  of  the  former. 

When  the  coalition  was  formed  against  Napoleon,  Sweden 
stipulated  that,  in  the  event  of  snooees  attending  the  arma 
of  the  Allies,  Norway  should  be  united  with  her  utder  one 
monarchy,  a  stipulation  which  waa  earned  Into  effect  ia 
1814  by  the  treaty  of  Kiel.  The  inhabiUnta,  however, 
manifested  a  determination  to  resist,  and  at  a  diet  held  at 
Eidavold,  and  attended  by  deputiea  from  all  the  diatricta,  a 
limited  monarchy  waa  almost  unanimoualy  adopted  aa  the 
form  of  government,  and  Chriatian  Frederick,  who  had 
previously  been  the  regent  and  waa  preaamptive  hair  to  the 
throne  of  Denmark,  accepted  the  crown.  Hla  obrions  want 
of  ability  aoon  brought  matters  to  a  criaia,  and  the  Swedish 
king  Bemadotte  having  offered  to  aoeept  the  ooaatiutioa 
of  Eidavold  with  aome  alight  modifloatfooa,  all  raaiatasoe 
to  him  ceased,  and  the  two  orowna  were  deelared  indiaaolu- 
bly  united,  though  each  kingdom  reUined  ita  eeparaU  ooa- 

atitution. Ac^.  Nobwboiaii,  nor-wee'J»n  (Norw.  N(»»t 

noRsk;   Fr.  NoRTionK  or  NoBwioiaw,  noa'vi'ahe^*^; 


NOR 


2028 


NOR 


Qer.  NoRWEOiscH,  noR'^^i-ghieh ;  Sp.  Noruego,  nor-w4'go; 
It.NoEVKGiANO,nor-v4-je-i'no;  L.Norwegia'nus).  Inbab. 
In  English,  French,  Spanish,  and  Latin  the  adjective  is 
used  also  for  the  name  of  the  inhabitiints  (Norw.  NoR- 
UABND,  noR'mind;  Ger.  Norweger,  noR'^i-gh^r). 

Nor'way,  a  post-oflSce  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D. 

Norway*  a  post-village  in  Mission  township,  La  Salle 
00.,  III.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  2  cburohes, 
a  public  school,  and  5  stores. 

Norway,  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     See  Fix)rence. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.     P.  290. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.     P.  891. 

Norway,  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas.    See  East  Norwat. 

Norway,  a  post-township  of  Republic  oo.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Belleville,  is  traversed  by  the  Kepublican 
River.     Pop.  364. 

Norway,  a  post-village  in  Norway  township,  Oxford 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland,  and  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  liberal  institute,  a  newspaper  office, 
4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  tannery, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  clothing,  flour,  and  lumber. 
Pop.  about  1500 ;  of  the  township,  1954. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.      P.  1333. 

Norway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Zumbro  River,  18  miles  E.  of  Faribault. 

Norway,  a  post- village  in  Norway  township,  Herkimer 
00.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls,  and  about  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Utioa.  It  has  2  or '3  churches,  a  tannery,  and 
about  30  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1054. 

Norway,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Norway,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Norway,  Monroe  co..  Wis.    See  Norwat  Ridoe. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Raoine  co..  Wis.     Pop.  963. 

Norway  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

Norway  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn., 
on  a  small  lake,  14  miles  N.  of  Willmar.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  Norway  Lake  township,  896. 

Norway  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo..  Wis.,  on 
the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad  (at  Norway  Station),  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Tomah.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill. 

Norwegia,  Norwfege,  Norwegen,  Norweger, 
Norwegian,  Norwegisch.    See  Norway. 

Norwe'gian,  township,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1390. 

Norwegian  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  258. 

Norwegian  Island,  a  station  of  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  8i  miles  W.  of  Menasha,  Wis. 

Norwegian  Range,  Norway.  See  Norrska  Fiellbn. 

Norwich,  nor'rij  (ano.  Ven'ta  Iceno'rum),  a  city  of 
England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  Yare  and 
Wensum  Rivers,  2  miles  above  their  junction,  and  at  a 
railway  junction,  98  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  was 
formerly  surrounded  by  walls,  fragments  of  which  still 
exist,  flanked  with  numerous  towers,  and  entered  by  12 
gates,  but  the  modern  city  and  suburbs  extend  much  be- 
yond the  ancient  walls.  Not  a  few  of  its  streets  are  narrow, 
winding,  and  either  unpaved  or  paved  badly;  and  the 
houses,  with  their  rude  pointed  gables,  are  far  more  remark- 
able for  their  antiquity  than  for  the  merits  of  their  archi- 
tecture. The  market-place  is  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in 
the  kingdom.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  1094,  is  a  cruciform 
structure,  with  a  tower  and  spire  rising  to  the  height  of 
315  feet.  Around  it  are  the  cloisters,  bishop's  palace, 
deanery,  &o.  Besides  the  cathedral,  Norwich  possesses 
about  40  other  churches,  and  many  chapels.  Tne  other 
principal  buildings  are  the  castle,  a  noble  feudal  relic, 
founded  in  575,  now  used  as  a  jail ;  the  guild  hall,  partly 
fitted  up  as  a  court-house;  and  St.  Andrew's  Hall,  origi- 
nally the  nave  of  the  church  of  the  Black  Friars'  Convent, 
adorned  with  a  large  collection  of  portraits.  Among  the 
institutions  may  be  mentioned  the  jail  and  house  of  cor- 
rection, the  workhouse  (originally  the  choir  of  the  Black 
Friars'  Church),  the  com  exchange,  the  cavalry  barracks, 
the  theatre  and  assembly-rooms,  the  training  college  of 
school-mistresses,  the  diocesan  training  institution,  the 
grammar-school,  situated  within  the  precincts  of  the  ca- 
thedral, the  government  school  for  modelling  and  design, 
the  children's  hospital,  Norman's  Charity,  city  charity, 
British  and  foreign,  national,  infant,  and  various  other 
schools,  St.  Giles's,  Doughty's,  Cook's,  and  the  Norfolk  and 
Norwich  Hospitals,  the  lunatic  and  blind  asylums,  and  the 
infirmary.  The  literary  and  scientific  institutions  include 
a  public  library,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  young  man's  in- 
stitute, a  people's  college,  and  a  museum,  possessed  of  sev- 
eral valuable  collections. 


The  principal  manufactures  of  Norwich  at  present  ar« 
shawls,  crapes,  bombazines,  mousseline-de-laine,  imitei- 
tion  French  fabrics,  light  cotton  goods,  damask,  camlets, 
gros  de  Naples,  and  bandana  handkerchiefs  and  Paramatta 
cloth.  The  looms  employed  in  the  town  and  neighborhood 
are  estimated  at  upwards  of  14,000.  The  other  industrial 
establishments  include  worsted-factories,  silk-mills,  dye- 
works,  corn-mills,  vinegar- works,  breweries,  iron-foundries, 
oil-mills,  boot-  and  shoe-factories,  <to.  In  carrying  on  this 
trade,  facilities  are  aSbrded  by  railways,  by  the  river,  nav- 
igated chiefly  by  wherries  of  from  15  to  40  tons  and  by 
regular  steamers  to  Yarmouth,  and  by  the  Norwich  and 
Lowestoft  navigation,  by  means  of  which  vessels  of  small 
tonnage  have  direct  access  to  the  town  from  the  sea. 

Norwich  appears  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Romans  in 
446.  It  was  afterwards  seized  by  the  Saxons,  and  in  675 
had  risen  to  be  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  East  Anglia. 
In  1002  it  was  captured  by  the  Danish  fleet  and  laid  in 
ashes.  In  1328  it  was  made  a  staple  town  for  the  counties 
of  Norfolk  and  Sufiblk  by  Edward  III.,  and  ultimately  be- 
came a  famous  manufacturing  town.  It  sends  two  members 
to  Pariiament.     Pop.  in  1881,  87,842;  in  1891,  100,964. 

Nor'wich,  a  city  of  Connecticut,  and  semi-capital  of 
New  London  co.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Thames  River, 
here  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Shetucket  and  the 
Yantic,  13  miles  N.  of  New  London,  and  about  36  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  is  mostly  built  on  the  sides  and 
summit  of  a  steep  eminence  which  rises  between  the  She 
tucket  and  Yantio  Rivers,  and  in  2  or  3  small  valleys.  It 
is  noted  for  its  beautiful  residences,  which  occupy  several 
terraces  in  the  most  elevated  parts  of  the  city.  Broadway 
and  Washington  street  are  noole  avenues,  lined  with  man- 
sions and  gardens.  Norwich  is  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
has  a  commodious  harbor,  and  is  on  the  Norwich  <t  Worcester 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road. Steamboats  ply  between  this  city  and  New  York.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  25  churches,  a  public  library,  a 
theatre,  a  masonic  temple,  a  business  college,  the  Norwiob 
Free  Academy,  liberally  endowed,  the  Slater  Art  Museam, 
5  national  banks,  with  a  capital  of  $2,000,000,  3  savings- 
banks,  with  deposits  amounting  to  $16,611,282.87,  an  elec- 
tric railway  26  miles  in  length,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers. 

The  branches  of  the  Thames  afford  water-power  here  for 
various  manufactories,  which  are  very  numerous  and  ex- 
tensive. The  products  of  these  are  cotton  goods,  for  which 
there  are  several  large  mills,  machinery,  carpets,  folded- 
paper  oarpet-lining,  locks,  wood  types,  firearms  (3  manufac- 
tories), iron  pipes,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  The  capital  invested 
in  manufactures  and  transportation  is  stated  to  be  $9,000,- 
000.  Hero  are  several  paper-mills,  the  Norwich  Worsted 
Company,  the  Cranston  Printing-Press  Works,  the  Thames 
Iron-Works,  the  Norwich  Silk  Company,  the  Rogers  Cut- 
lory  and  Plating  Company,  &c.  Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880, 
15,112;  in  1890,  16,156. 

Norwich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Huntington  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  Westfield  River,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  axes  and  whips. 

Norwich,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Chenango  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Norwich  township,  in  a  valley  on  the  Chenango  River 
and  the  Chenango  Canal,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Binghamton, 
64  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  216  miles  N.W.  of  New 
York.  It  is  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad 
and  the  Delaware,  Lixckawanna  &  Western  Railroad.  It 
is  also  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the 
former  road.  It  contains  a  handsome  stone  court-house,  8 
ohurohes,  the  Norwich  Academy,  2  national  banks,  a  graded 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  piano-factory,  1  or  2  blast- 
furnaces, a  manufactory  of  hammers,  a  brewery,  a  tannery, 
a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  several  carriage-factories. 
Pop.  4279  ;  of  the  township,  5935. 

Nonvich,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  1632. 
It  contains  Hilliard. 

Norwich,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  1172. 

Norwich,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Zanesville.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  &o.     Pop.  268. 

Norwich,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Nor- 
wich township,  2  miles  ftom  Hamlin  Station,  and  about  66 
miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  5UU. 

Norwich,  a  post- village  in  Norwich  township,  Windsor 

CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsio 

I  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  White  River  Junction,  and  about  36 


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NOT 


miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  some  manufactures  of  leather,  carriages,  cabi- 
net-ware, &o.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1639. 

Norwich,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Otter  Creek,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brantford.  It  contains  4 
churches,  several  stores  and  hotels,  2  iron-foundries,  several 
mills,  and  cheese-factories.     Pop.  900. 

Norwich  Falls,  a  village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
on  Yantio  River,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Norwich,  and  is  1 
mile  from  Norwich  Town  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  cot- 
ton-factory, and  a  pistol-factory. 

Nor'wioh  Town,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Norwich  city.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Nor'wood,  Upper,  Sottth,  and  Lower,  large  villages 
of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  6  miles  S.  of  London,  with  a 
station  on  the  London  &  Croydon  Railway.  Pop.  respect- 
ively, 7854,  5683,  and  9118.  They  have  numerous  elegant 
villas,  handsome  churches,  a  large  school  of  industry  for 
destitute  children  from  the  metropolis,  a  cemetery,  very 
beautiful  public  gardens,  and  a  Jews'  hospital. 

Nor'wood,  a  post-oflBce  of  Warren  co.,  Qa. 

Norwood,  Cook  co..  111.     See  Norwood  Park. 

Norwood,  a  small  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  111.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Galesburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Chariton. 

Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.  of  Lawrence. 

Norwood,  a  post-village  in  Norwood  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry, 
1  or  2  tanneries,  a  paper-mill,  an  oil-cloth-factory,  and 
repair-shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1749. 

Norwood,  a  post-village  in  Norwood  township,  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  11  miles  S.W,  of 
Charlevoix,  and  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Traverse  City. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  302. 

Norwood,  a  post-village  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Young  America  township,  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.  of  Glencoe.  It  has  a  church,  3  elevators, 
and  4  general  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Norwood,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Jersey  City  <fc 
Albany  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  paint  and  artificial  flowers. 

Norwood  (formerly  Pots'dain  Jnnction),  a  post- 
village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Potsdam  township,  on 
Racket  River,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Og- 
densburg Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  6  miles 
N.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
union  school,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  lumber,  shingles, 
sash,  and  blinds,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     P.  1221. 

Norwood,  a  hamlet  in  Brookhaven  township,  Sufiblk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.  of  East  Setauket. 

Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles 
from  the  Yadkin  or  Pedee  River,  and  about  90  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  6  residences. 

Norwood,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  the  initial  station  in  Cincinnati.  It  is  2i 
miles  from  the  limits  of  Cincinnati. 

Norwood,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia, AVilmington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  8|  miles  S.W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Kent  co.,  R.I., 
in  Warwick  township,  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Providence.     It  has  a  church. 

Norwood,  a  post- village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Arrington  Station.  It  ha«  2 
churches,  a  school  called  Norwood  College,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Nor'wood,  a  post- village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Ouse,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peterborough.  It 
contains  4  churches,  about  a  dozen  stores,  4  hotels,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  750. 

Norwood  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  at 
Norwood  Station  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Nor'woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark.,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Nos-Beh,  Madagascar.     See  N08SI-B6. 

Noschenrode,  nosh'§n-ro^d?h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  in  Magdeburg,  near  Wernigorode.     Pop.  1466. 


Nossa  Senhora  do  Desterro.    S«e  Dmtbriuk 

Nossee-  (or  Nossi-)  Ibraheem.  S«eBAurni  Maku. 

NoBsen,  nos's^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  11>  milei  W.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  Mulde,  with  a  royal  residenoe.    Pop.  2781. 

Noss-Head,  a  bold  rocky  point  on  the  E.  ooait  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Wick.  It  hu 
a  light-house. 

No88i-B6,  nos'see'-bi',  an  island  and  French  oolony 
off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lat.  13«>  23'  16"  8. ;  Ion. 
48°  19'  E.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin.  Several  near  itland* 
are  considered  parts  of  the  colony,  of  which  the  chief  ar« 
Nossi-Mitzou  and  Nossi-Falli,  The  people  are  chiefly  of 
Madagascar  origin.  Coffee,  sesame,  sugar,  indigo,  mm, 
and  rice  are  the  chief  products.  Capital,  Helleville,  •  frH 
port,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island.     Pop.  7439. 

N088  Island,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  E.  of  Br«»- 
say,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  narrow  sound.  Ciroomfer 
ence,  about  6  miles. 

Noss'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  abont 
33  miles  W.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Notaresco,  no-tA-r5s'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  provino* 
and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3648. 

Notasul'ga,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  46  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery, and  12  miles  N.  of  Tuskeegee.  It  has  3  chnrohea, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  an  academy. 

Not'field,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Delisle,  15  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  card- 
ing- and  shingle-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  a  hotel,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Notium  Promontorinm.    See  Mizsit  Hbad. 

Notla,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.    See  Nottla. 

Not'ley  River  rises  in  Union  co.,  Ga.,  runs  northwest- 
ward and  northward,  and  enters  the  Hiawassee  River  in 
Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Noto,  no'to,  a  city  of  Sicily,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse, 
and  about  2  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  haa 
several  churches  and  convents,  a  council  house,  hospital, 
lyceum,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  com,  wine,  oil,  and 
sulphur,  the  produce  of  its  neighborhood.  About  3  mile* 
W.  of  the  town  are  the  ruins  of  an  amphitheatre  and  of  a 
gymnasium,  the  remains  of  ancient  Netum.     Pop.  16,590. 

Noto,  a  town  and  headland  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo. 

Noto,  Val  di,  vil  dee  no'to,  an  old  division  of  Sicily, 
comprising  its  S.E.  portion. 

Notre  Dame,  no't'r  dim,  a  post-village  in  Clay  town- 
ship, St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  li  miles  N.  of  South  Bend.  It 
is  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  and  on  the  St.  Joseph 
River.  Here  is  the  University  of  Notre  Dame  (Catholic), 
with  43  instructors,  about  275  students,  and  a  library  of 
11,000  volumes,  also  an  academy,  2  convents,  2  churches, 
and  1  or  2  newspaper  offices. 

Notre  Dame  Auxiliatrice.    See  Bdcklard. 

Notre  Dame  Bay,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Newfoand- 
land.  is  between  lat.  49°  30'  and  50°  N.  and  Ion.  55°  and 
56°  W.,  bounded  N.  by  Cape  St.  John. 

Notre  Dame  de  Bondeville,  not'r  dim  d^h  biwd^- 
veel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  arrondisso- 
ment  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1810. 

Notre  Dame  de  Cenilly,  not'r  dim  d^h  s^h-nee'- 
yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche,  arrondissement  of 
Coutances.     Pop.  1893« 

Notre  Dame  de  Grace,  not'r  dim  d?h  griss,  a  vil- 
lage in  Hoohelaga  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from  Montreal. 

Notre  Dame  de  Liesse,  not'r  dim  d^h  le-i«a',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  near  the  Sonche.     Pop.  1408. 

Notre  Dame  de  Mont,  not'r  dim  d^h  tabu;  m  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Vend6e,  near  Les  Sables.     Pop.  1345. 

Notre  Dame  de  Richelieu.    See  Villaoi  Rio»- 

LIEU. 

Notre  Dame  des  Milliers,  not'r  dim  di  mvtVjv 
(or  mee^i'),  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  on  tke 
Is^re,  6  miles  B.  of  Evian.     Pop.  945. 

Notre  Dame  du  Lac.    See  Dbtoor  do  LAa 

Notre  Dame  du  Portage,  not'r  dim  dU  por^ttih'.a 
post-village  and  watoring-plaoe  of  Quebec,  00.  of  Temls- 
couata,  on  the  S.  shore  of  tke  St.  Lawrence,  3i  miles  ftrom 
Lake  Road.     Pop.  150.  „     ,       ». 

Not'tawa,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  St.  Joseph  0©., 
Mich.,  in  Nottawa  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  In- 
diana Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Kalamaioo,  aad  4  miles  B. 
of  Centreville.  It  has  8  stores.  Pop.  abont  IM.  Tbe 
township  conUins  Wasepi  on  the  Michigan  Central  lUil- 
road,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1882.  /v      _.      • 

Not'tawa,  a  post-village  in  Slmeoe  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  from  CoUingwood.  It  conUins  seveial  stores,  t 
hotels,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 


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Nottawa  (or  Nottaway)  Creek,  of  St.  Joseph  oo., 
Mich.,  flows  into  the  St.  Joseph  River. 

Nottawasaga,  not-ta-wa-saw'g^,  a  river  of  Canada, 
Ontario,  after  a  N.  course  of  more  than  60  miles  enters 
Nottawasaga  Bay  bj  an  inlet  at  the  S.  end  of  Qeorgian 
Bay,  Lake  Huron. 

Notteroe,  not't^h-ro^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  Chris- 
tiania-Fiord,  S.  of  Tousberg.     Length,  7  miles. 

Nottingham,  not'ting-am,  or  Nottinghamshire, 
not'ting-^m-sbjr,  otherwise  called  the  ConNxy  of  Notts,  a 
central  county  of  England,  having  N.  the  co.  of  York. 
Area,  822  square  miles.  Surface,  except  in  the  Vale  of 
Trent,  diversified  with  gentle  hills,  and  here  and  there  ex- 
hibiting considerable  remains  of  its  ancient  famous  royal 
forest,  or  Shire-wood.  Principal  rivers,  the  Trent,  and  its 
affluents  the  Soar  and  Idle.  Soil  mostly  a  light  sandy 
or  a  rich  clayey  loam.  Limestone  and  coal  are  abundant. 
The  county  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  cotton  hosiery  and 
lace  manufactures  in  England.  Chief  towns,  Nottingham, 
Newark,  East  Bedford,  and  Mansfield.  It  sends  ten  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons,  viz.,  two  for  the  N.  and  two 
for  the  S.  divisions  of  the  county,  and  six  for  its  boroughs. 
Pop.  in  1871,  319,758;  in  1881,  391,81 5;  in  1891,445,599. 

Nottingham,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  uf  the 
above  county,  and  a  county  of  itself,  on  the  Leen,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Trent,  and  also  on  the  Nottingham  Canal, 
at  a  railway  junction,  108  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  oc- 
cupies a  picturesque  site,  but  is  indifferently  built. 

Among  the  public  buildings  the  most  remarkable  is  the 
castle,  which  crowns  the  summit  of  a  precipitous  rock  rising 
133  feet,  but  of  which  only  a  few  vestiges  now  remain.  The 
places  of  worship  include  many  fine  churches  and  chapels. 
The  other  buildings  deserving  of  notice  are  a  large  convent, 
built  in  1846,  the  exchange,  county  hall,  guild  hall,  house 
4,  of  correction,  workhouse,  corn  exchange,  the  barracks,  as- 
sembly-rooms, mechanics'  hall,  and  a  theatre.  It  is  the 
(      seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 

The  principal  educational  and  literary  institutions  are  the 
free  grammar-school,  the  blue-coat  school,  which  clothes  and 
educates  60  boys  and  20  girls,  the  People's  College,  a  divinity 
school,  the  Unitarian  free  school,  the  British,  national,  in- 
fant, and  ragged  schools,  the  government  school  of  design, 
the  mechanics'  institute,  the  Bromley  House  Subscription, 
law,  artisans',  and  other  libraries.  Among  the  charitable 
institutions  are  the  general  hospital,  the  dispensary,  the 
general  lunatic  asylum,  with  accommodation  for  160  pa- 
tients, the  Midland  Institute  for  the  Blind,  Plomptre's, 
CoUins's,  and  Lambley's  Hospitals,  and  Willougnby's, 
Handley's,  and  other  almshouses. 

The  staple  manufactures  are  hosiery,  lace,  and  bobbinet. 
These  manufactures  were  long  carried  on  exclusively  in  the 
homes  of  the  workmen,  but  large  factories,  employing  steam- 
power,  are  now  engaged  in  this  branch  of  industry.  In 
addition  to  the  staple  manufactures,  including  the  machine- 
shops,  and  other  industrial  establishments  dependent  on 
them,  much  capital  is  employed  in  the  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactures,  in  silk-,  worsted-,  and  cotton-spinning-mills, 
and  in  making  articles  of  malleable  and  cast  iron,  wire, 
pins,  brass  fenders,  <fcc.  The  trade  in  corn  and  cattle  is 
very  important,  the  malting  business  is  extensively  pros- 
ecuted, and  the  breweries  have  long  been  famous  for  their 
ale.  Of  four  annual  fairs,  one,  cajlod  the  Goose  Fair, 
is  so  celebrated,  and  forms  such  an  era,  that  many  of  the 
inhabitants  date  all  the  events  of  the  year  from  it. 

Nottingham  was  in  early  times  a  great  resort  of  the 
Druids.  Under  the  Saxon  heptarchy  it  belonged  to  the 
kingdom  of  Mercia,  and,  after  its  dissolution,  ranked  as  a 
Danish  borough.  Several  parliaments  have  been  held  in 
it;  and  from  this  town  Richard  III.  marched  with  his 
forces  to  Bosworth  Field  in  1483.  It  communicates  by  a 
canal  with  the  Codnor  iron  and  coal  district.  Henry  Kirke 
White  was  a  native  of  Nottingham.  The  borough  is  gov- 
erned by  a  mayor,  14  aldermen,  and  42  councillors,  and 
sends  two  members  to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1891,  211,984. 

Nottingham,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Nottingham 
township.  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1432. 

Nottingham,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Patuxent  River,  48  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  masonic  hall,  and  2  stores. 

Nottingham,  a  post- village  in  Nottingham  township, 
Kockingham  co.,  N.H.,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dover,  and  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1130. 

Nottingham,  a  post-village  in  Euclid  township,  Cuya- 
hoga CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland,  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  cattle-grounds, 
and  an  extensive  railroad-yard. 


Nottingham,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     P.  921. 

Nottingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  k  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  66  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  2  warehouses,  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  phosphate.     Pop.  about  75. 

Nottingnam,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
924.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

Nottinghamshire,  England.    See  Nottingham. 

Not'tiug-Hill,  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  is  a  sub- 
urban hamlet  of  London,  on  the  Uxbridge  road,  4^  milec 
from  St.  Paul's. 

Not'tington,  a  hamlvt  of  England,  oo.  of  Dorset,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Weymouth. 

Nott'la,  or  Not'la,  a  post-township  of  Cherokee  eo., 
N.C.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Murphy.     Pop.  940. 

Not'toway,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  bos  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Nottoway  River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  nearly 
one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Norfolk  <£  Western  and  Richmond  it 
Danville  Railroads,  the  former  of  which  connects  with 
Nottoway  Court-House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9291  • 
in  1880,  11,156;  in  1890,  11,582. 

Nottoway  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  k,  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  Nottoway  Station,  43  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Peters- 
burg.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Nottoway  Mills,  a  station  in  Southampton  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  Nottoway  River,  and  on  the  Seaboard  k,  Roanoke 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Nottoway  Kiver,  Virginia,  rises  in  or  near  Nottoway 
CO.,  and  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction.  It  intersects  the  cos. 
of  Sussex  and  Southampton,  from  which  it  runs  southward 
into  North  Carolina  and  unites  with  the  Meherrin  River 
to  form  the  Chowan.     It  is  about  175  miles  long. 

Nottuin,  not'tdoln,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gOT- 
emment  of  MUn^ter.     Pop.  of  commune,  3549. 

Nottweil,  nott'^^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  cantOB 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1054. 

Nouaille,  La,  14  noo'&I',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Creuse,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1480. 

Nouic,  noo^eek',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Vienna, 
7i  miles  S.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1507. 

Nouh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Nuo. 

Noakahiva,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.  See  Nookahbkta. 

Nouko,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  NuKO. 

Noumea,  or  Num6a,  noo-m4-&',  also  called  Port- 
de-France,  poR-d^h-froNss,  a  town,  capital  of  the  French 
colony  of  New  Caledonia,  on  the  Bay  of  Noumea,  and  on 
the  S.W.  side  of  the  island,  near  its  S.E.  extremity.  It  has 
a  large  and  excellent  harbor,  government  house,  museum, 
barracks,  convict-establishments,  and  a  home  for  poor  chil- 
dren sent  out  from  Paris.     Pop.  5000. 

Noumidia,  or  Nomadia,  the  Greek  for  Ndmidia. 

Noun,  a  river  of  Manchooria.     See  Noon. 

Noun,  Morocco.     See  Noo.x,  also  Akassa. 

Nounivak,  an  island  of  Alaska.    See  Noomitak. 

Noura,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Noora. 

Nourse,  noorss,  a  river  of  Southwest  Africa,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  near  lat.  17°  20'  S.  It  appears  to  be  the  same 
as  the  Bembaroughe. 

Nourunga,  noo-riing'gi,  Norunga,  no-riing'gi,  or 
Aurungabad,  o-riing^g^-b&d',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Gaya 
district.  Lat.  24°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  25'  E.  It  has  a  jail, 
court-houses,  distilleries,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  3075. 

Nouveau,  nooH-o'  (feminine,  Nouvelle,  nooH'JH'),  a 
French  word  signifying  "  new,"  and  forming  a  part  of  nu- 
merous geographical  names  in  difi°erent  parts  of  the  world, 
as  Nouvelle-Orleans  (New  Orleans),  <fco. 

Nouveau-BrunsAvick.    See  New  Brunswick. 

Nouveau-Mexique.    See  New  Mexico. 

Nouvelle,  nooH-dir,  or  Meguasha,  me-gw&'sha,  a 
post-village  and  fishing-station  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec, 
at  the  entrance  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  into  the  Bay 
of  Chaleurs,  12  miles  from  Carleton. 

Nouvelle-Bretagne.    See  New  Britain. 

Nouvelle-Cal6donie.    See  New  Caledonia. 

Nouvelle-l&cosse.     See  Nova  Scotia. 

Noavelle-Galles-du-Sud.  See  New  South  Walbs. 

Nouvelle-Guin^e  ("New  Guinea").    See  Papua. 

Nouvelle-Orl6ans.     See  New  Orleans. 

Nouvelle- Z^lande.     See  New  Zealand. 

Nouvelle-Zemble.    See  Nova  Zeubla. 

Nouvion,  nooVe-6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Quentin.     Pop.  2180. 

Nouzon,  noo^z6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  ob 


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•he  Meuse,  7  milea  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  M6zi6res.  Pop.  5255. 
It  has  important  iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  fire-arms, 
iron-ware,  and  agricultural  machines. 

No'va,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Troy  town- 
ship, about  24  milea  N.N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Nova  Castra,  an  ancient  name  of  Neuss. 

Nova  Friburgo,  no'vi  fre-booR'go,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  120  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Novaia-Kargata,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Nikolskaia. 

Novaia-Ladoga,  Russia.     See  Ladoga. 

Novaia-Ooshitsa,  or  Nowaja-TJschiza,  no-vl'i 
oo-shit'zi  ("  New  Ooshitsa"),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia, 
25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ooshitsa.    Pop.  4502. 

Novalaise,  no-vi-liz',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  8 
miles  W.  of  Chambfiry. 

Novalesa,  no-vi-li'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  3  miles  N.  of  Susa.     Pop.  1156. 

Nova  Paphos,  the  ancient  name  of  Bafpa. 

Novara,  no-vi'ri  (anc.  Nova'ria),  a  city  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  between  the  Agogna  and  Terdoppio,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  30  miles  W.  of  Milan.  Lat.  45°  27'  N.  j  Ion. 
8*>  38'  E.  Pop.  29,516.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  ramparts 
and  ditches,  defended  by  a  castle,  and  has  a  noble  cathe- 
dral, with  a  fine  baptistery,  about  10  other  churches,  several 
convents,  a  large  hospital,  2  colleges,  a  hall  of  commerce, 
and  a  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk,  and  linen 
fabrics,  hats,  and  leather.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Novara,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  bounded  N. 
by  Switzerland  and  E.  by  Lombardy.  Area,  2527  square 
miles.  It  is  in  large  part  an  alpine  region,  with  fertile 
valleys.     Capital,  Novara.     Pop.  624,985. 

Novarro  Ridge,  California.    See  Navarro  Rtoge. 

Nova  Scotia,  no'va  sko'she-a  (Fr.  Nouvelle-EcoBae, 
nooVfill'-i^koss' ;  originally  Acadie,  i^klMee'),  a  prov- 
inoe  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  lying  between  43°  25'  and 
47°  N.  lat.  and  between  59°  40'  and  66°  25'  W;  Ion.  It 
consists  of  a  long,  narrow  peninsula,  called  Nova  Scotia 
proper,  and  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  which  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  the  Gut  of  Canso.  It  is  bounded  N. 
by  Northumberland  Strait  (which  separates  it  from  Prince 
Edward  Island)  and  by  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence;  N.E.,S., 
and  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean ;  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy ; 
and  N.  by  New  Brunswick,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
an  isthmus  only  11  miles  wide,  separating  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
from  Northumberland  Strait.  Greatest  length,  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.,  350  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  120  miles;  area, 
20,600  square  miles. 

The  Cobequid  Range  of  mountains  runs  through  the  in- 
terior of  the  province,  and  on  each  side  of  this  range  are 
rich,  arable  lands,  where  agricultural  operations  are  carried 
on  extensively.  From  Briar  Island,  at  the  extremity  of 
Digby  Neck,  to  Cape  Split,  a  distance  of  130  miles  along 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  extends  a  ridge  of  mural  precipices,  in 
many  places  from  100  to  600  feet  in  height,  beyond  which 
lies  the  rich  and  beautiful  valley  of  the  Annapolis. 

Nova  Scotia  is  abundantly'  supplied  with  capacious  har- 
bors, there  being  no  fewer  than  14  of  sufficient  depth  for 
merchantmen  between  Halifax  and  Cape  Canso,  a  distance 
of  not  more  than  110  miles.  There  are  also  some  excellent 
harbors  on  the  S.W.  coast,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  and  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  province.  The  largest  lake  in  Nova 
Scotia  proper  is  Lake  Rossignol,  being  20  miles  in  length; 
and  among  others  are  Ship  Harbor  Lake,  15  miles  long ; 
Grand  Lake,  discharging  its  waters  northward  through  Shu- 
benacadie  River  to  Cobequid  Bay ;  and  College  Lake,  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  lakes  of  Cape  Breton  are 
much  larger  and  more  important.  The  great  Bras  d'Or  Lake 
is  a  magnificent  expanse  of  water,  of  great  depth,  about  50 
miles  in  length,  and  abounding  with  the  best  quality  of  fish. 
Of  the  rivers  of  Nova  Scotia  the  most  important  are  the  Shu- 
benaeadie,  the  Avon,  and  the  Annapolis,  flowing  into  the 
Bay  of  Fundy ;  the  St.  Mary's,  Musquodoboit,  La  Have,  and 
Liverpool,  flowing  into  the  Atlantic.  The  most  remarkable 
body  of  water  in  the  province  is  Minas  Basin,  the  E.  arm 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  penetrating  60  miles  inland,  and 
terminating  in  Cobequid  Bay.  The  tides  here  rush  in  with 
great  impetuosity,  and  form  what  is  called  the  hore.  At 
the  equinoxes  they  have  been  known  to  rise  from  40  to  50 
feet,  while  in  Halifax  harbor,  on  the  opposite  coast,  the 
spring  tides  rise  only  from  6  to  8  feet.  The  other  principal 
bays  are  St.  George's  Bay  and  Chedabucto  Bay,  in  the  E., 
connected  by  the  Gut  of  Canso ;  St.  Mary's  Bay  and  Town- 
send  Bay,  in  the  extreme  W.  of  the  peninsula;  and  Ma- 
faone  and  St.  Margaret's  Bays,  on  the  S.  coast. 

The  province  of  Nova  Scotia  is  rich  in  geological  re- 
lources,  all  the  rocks  from  the  crystalline  granites  up  to 


the  new  sandstone  series  being  here  met  with.  la  tb« 
isthmus  connecting  the  peninsula  to  New  Brunswick,  the 
underlying  rocks  consist  of  gray-,  red-,  and  buff-colored 
sandstones  of  the  coal-uieasures,  containing  seams  of  good 
bituminous  coal,  many  of  which  are  profitably  worked. 
The  rocks  of  this  coal  formation  also  furnish  an  abundance 
of  excellent  material  for  building  and  for  grindstones. 
Coal  is  found  abundantly  in  Pictou  co.  and  on  the  ialand 
of  Cape  Breton.  The  province  possecses  undoubtedly  rich 
deposits  of  gold  and  iron,  besides  copper,  lead,  silver,  and 
other  minerals.  The  gold -yield  of  Nova  Scotia,  from  the 
first  working  of  the  mines  in  1860  to  the  close  of  1872, 
is  valued  at  £948,000.  Iron  is  a  staple  production;  the 
quantity  of  ore  is  inexhaustible,  and  the  quality  of  iron 
manufactured  is  equal  to  the  best.  Manganese  is  abundant, 
and  gypsum  is  extensively  worked  near  Windsor  and  in  Capo 
Breton.  The  slate-hills  furnish  good  roofing- slates,  and  hone^ 
of  a  superior  quality  are  obtained  in  some  of  the  slates  of 
the  coal  series.  Beautiful  agates,  amethysts,  chalcedonies, 
jaspers,  cairngorms,  and  the  entire  group  of  zeolite  mineral* 
abound  in  the  amygdaloidal  trap  along  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

The  climate  of  Nova  Scotia  is  remarkably  temperatt, 
considering  its  northern  latitude.  The  extreme  of  oold  is 
20°  below  zero;  the  extreme  of  heat,  98°  above,  in  the 
shade.  The  springs  are  tedious,  the  summer  heata  being 
for  a  brief  season  excessive ;  vegetation  is  singularly  rapid, 
and  the  autumn  is  delightful.  Dense  fogs  are  at  certain 
seasons  prevalent  along  the  Atlantic  coast.  Wheat,  rye, 
oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  turnips, 
mangel-wurzel,  tomatoes,  and  other  grains  and  roots  grow 
in  abundance  and  perfection.  Apples,  pears,  plums,  cher- 
ries, and  other  garden  fruits  attain  the  utmost  perfection. 
In  some  sections  of  the  country  peaches  and  grapes  ripen 
in  the  open  air.  The  apple-orchards  of  Annapolis  and 
Kings  COS.  are  very  productive. 

The  manufactures  include  coarse  cloths,  called  "home- 
spuns," flannels,  bed-linen,  blankets,  carpets,  and  tweeds. 
Tanning  is  carried  on  to  some  extent ;  and  in  the  towns 
and  villages  boots,  shoes,  saddlery,  harness,  household  fur- 
niture, and  agricultural  implements  are  made  in  large 
quantities.  In  the  neighborhood  of  Halifax,  tobacco, 
printing-  and  wrapping-paper,  machinery,  nails,  pails,  gun- 
powder, carriages,  and  other  articles  are  manufactured. 

If  we  except  Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia  may  be  said  to 
possess  the  finest  fisheries  in  the  world.  There  is  no  part 
of  its  coast  of  1000  miles  where  a  profitable  fishery  may 
not  be  pursued.  Its  bays  and  harbors  and  inland  lakes 
and  rivers  teem  with  salmon,  cod,  halibut,  haddock,  mack- 
erel, herring,  shad,  lobsters,  Ac.  Ship-building  is  very 
extensively  carried  on. 

There  are  over  400  miles  of  railway  in  operation  in  the 
province.  The  Intercolonial  proceeds  from  Halifax  to 
Amherst,  138  miles,  and  thence  to  St.  John,  N.B.,  and 
from  Truro  to  Pictou,  52  miles.  The  Windsor  A  Annapolis 
proceeds  from  Windsor  Junction  to  Annapolis,  116  miles. 
The  electric  telegraph  is  established  all  over  the  province. 

The  public  affairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a 
lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  9  members,  a 
legislative  council  of  21  members,  appointed  for  life,  and  a 
legislative  assembly  of  38  members,  elected  every  four 
years.  The  laws  are  dispensed  by  a  supreme  cour^  com- 
posed of  a  chief  and  9  assistant  justices,  a  court  of  error, 
of  vice-admiralty,  and  of  marriage  and  divorce.  In  each 
county  there  is  a  court  of  probate,  which  has  control  of  the 
property  of  deceased  persons. 

Nova  Scotia  (exclusive  of  Cape  Breton,  which  see)  ia 
divided  into  14  counties,  as  follows :  Annapolis,  Antigonish, 
Colchester,  Cumberland,  Digby,  Guysborough,  Halifax, 
Hants,  Kings,  Lunenburg,  Pictou,  Queens,  Sholburne,  and 
Yarmouth.    Total  pop.  of  the  province,  in  1891,  450,390. 

Halifax  is  the  capital  and  chief  city  in  Nova  Scotia, 
Its  harbor  is  very  fine,  and  protected  by  a  fortress.  Small 
towns  and  villages  are  scattered  over  the  province,  whiob 
are  accessible  from  the  most  remote  diatricu  by  nwlway  or 
steamboat,  or  by  good  carriage-roads. 

Education  is  free  to  the  children  of  all  classes.  There 
are  numerous  public  schools  and  academies,  beaidea  a  nor- 
mal and  model  school,  several  oonvents,  and  (J  oolleges. 
There  are  2  Roman  Catholic  dioceses  in  the  province,— 
the  archdiocese  of  Halifax  and  the  diocese  of  Arfohat,— and 
1  of  the  Church  of  England,  that  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward  Island. 

Nova  Scotia  was  first  visited  by  John  Cabot  and  hU  son 
Sebastian  in  1497,  but  was  not  ooloniied  by  Europeans  unUl 
1604,  when  De  Monts,  a  Frenchman,  and  some  Jesuita,  at- 
tempted for  8  years  to  form  settlements  in  Port  Roynl,  aU 
Croix.  Ac,  but  were  finally  expelled  from  the  oountrv  b? 


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the  English  governor  and  colonists  of  Virginia,  who  claimed 
the  country  by  right  of  the  discovery  of  the  Cabots.  In 
1621,  Sir  William  Alexander  applied  for  and  obtained  from 
James  I.  a  grant  of  the  whole  country,  which  he  proposed 
to  colonize  on  an  extensive  scale,  and  in  1 623  the  attempt 
was  made ;  but  the  proposed  colonists  did  not  think  it 
prudent  to  attempt  a  settlement,  and  therefore  returned  to 
England.  In  1654,  Cromwell  sent  an  armed  force  and  took 
possession  of  the  country,  which  remained  with  the  English 
till  1667,  when  it  was  ceded  to  France  by  the  Treaty  of 
Breda.  But  the  English  from  time  to  time  attacked  the 
French  colonists  at  various  points  till  1713,  when  the 
country  was  finally  ceded  to  England.  In  1763  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton  was  annexed  to  Nova  Scotia.  In  1784  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick  was  created  ;  and  in  1867 
Nova  Scotia  became  a  member  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

Novate,  no-vi'ti,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2168. 

Novato,  no-vl'to,  a  hamlet  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  in  No- 
vate township,  about  28  miles  N.  of  San  Franoisoo.  No- 
Tato  Point,  in  this  co.,  is  on  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo. 

Novawetz,no'v&-*4ts\Novawe82,orNowa\ve88, 
no'v3,-^fi38\  a  town  of  Prussia,  a  suburb  of  Potsdam.  It 
has  cotton-  and  linen-weaving.     Pop.  6664. 

Nova  Zeinbia,  no'vazim'bla  (Ruse.  Novaia  Zemlia, 
no-vi'4  z4m'le-i;  Fr.  Nouvelle-Zemble,  noo*v411-z6Mb'l), 
two  large  islands  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Russia, 
and  forming  a  dependency  of  the  government  of  Archangel. 
Lat.  71°  to  77°  N. ;  Ion.  53°  to  77°  B.  They  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  narrow  strait  Matotshkin  Shar ; 
and  from  the  Isle  of  Vaigats  on  the  S.  by  Kara  Strait,  and 
from  the  mainland  on  the  E.  by  the  Sea  of  Kara.  Oreatcst 
length,  N.E.  to  S.W.,  635  miles  ;  breadth,  170  miles.  The 
whole  territory  is  wild  and  desolate  in  the  extreme.  The 
coasts  swarm  with  seals,  various  kinds  of  fish,  and  vast 
flights  of  water-fowl.  The  interior,  which  is  partly  covered 
with  stunted  shrubs,  short  grass,  and  moss,  is  frequented 
by  reindeer,  white  bears,  ermines,  and  Arctic  foxes.  Nova 
Zembla  has  no  permanent  inhabitants,  but  is  visited  by 
Russian  hunters  and  fishers. 

Nov^ant,  noVi^fiu"',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lor- 
raine, on  a  railroad,  16  miles  from  Nancy.     Pop.  1221. 

Novegrad,  no'vi-grid\  or  Novigrad,  no've-grid\  a 
village  of  Dalmatia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Zara. 

Novelda,  no-vdl'd&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  13 
miles  W.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  6431,  partly  engaged  in  dis- 
tilling, and  in  manufactures  of  lace  and  confectionery. 

Novel lara,  no-vfil-l&'rl,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Modena.  It  has  a  hospital,  podestd't  palace, 
some  manufactures  of  silk  and  leather,  weekly  markets, 
and  a  large  annual  fair.     Pop.  7088. 

Novello,  no-vSl'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
near  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1552. 

Nov'elty,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  about  27 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon.     It  has  several  stores. 

Novemiasto,  or  Nowemiasto,  no-vflm-y&s'to,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sanok. 

Nove  Miasto,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of  Petri- 
kau,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  2400.  It  has  a 
fine  palace  and  grounds,  and  a  Capuchin  monastery.  See 
also  Wladislawow. 

Novemiasto  Korczyn,  no-vSm-y&s'to  koR'chin,  a 
town  of  Poland,  39  miles  S.  of  Kielce,  on  the  Vistula. 

Novemiesto,  orNowemiesto.    See  Necstadt. 

Noventa,  no-v5n'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  4963. 

Noventa  di  Piave,  no-vfin'ti  doe  pe-i'vi,  a  village 
of  Italy,  on  the  Piave,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.   Pop.  3563. 

Noves,  nov,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne, 
on  the  Durance,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.  It  is  enclosed  by 
high  walls  flanked  by  square  towers,  and  has  silk-mills. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2130. 

Noves,  no-vfis',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2305. 

Novesium,  an  ancient  name  of  Netjss. 

Noves'ta,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  oo.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Caro.     Pop.  171. 

Novgorod,  nov*go-rod',  or  NoVogorod',  a  govern- 
ment of  Russia,  between  lat.  57°  and  61°  N.  and  Ion.  30° 
and  40°  E.,  having  E.  the  governments  of  Vologda  and 
Yaroslav,  S.  Tver,  W.  and  N.  Pskov,  St.  Petersburg,  and 
Olonets.  Area,  47,356  square  miles.  Pop.  1,011,445.  The 
surface  has  a  gradual  descent  towards  the  N.E.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Volkhov,  Msta,  Sheksna,  Mologa,  and  Lovat, 
and  it  comprises  the  lakes  Bielo-Ozero,  Vozh  (Voj),  and  II- 
men.  The  chief  crops  are  rye,  oats,  and  barley.  Quanti- 
ties of  hemp  and  flax  are  'aised  for  exportation,  but  timber 


constitutes  the  principal  product.  Few  cattle  are  reared. 
Many  of  the  population  are  employed  in  fishing.  The 
manufactures  are  unimportant.  It  has  a  few  copper-,  glass-, 
tile-,  leather-,  and  woollen-cloth-factories.  Principal  towns, 
Novgorod,  Valdai,  and  Tikhvin. 

Novgorod,  or  Yelikee  (Veliki)  Novgorod,  vA- 
lee'kee  nov^go-rod'  ("  Great  Novgorod"),  a  city  of  Russia, 
capital  of  a  government  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Volkhov, 
near  the  point  where  it  issues  from  Lake  Ilmcn,  103  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  It  is  divided  by  the  river 
into  two  parte,  and  contains  the  governor's  residence,  the 
Kremlin  or  citadel,  the  cathedral  of  St.  Sophia,  built  after 
the  model  of  St.  Sophia  at  Constantinople  (besides  which 
there  are  sixty-one  other  churches),  the  archbishop's  pal- 
ace, and  numerous  nunneries  and  monasteries,  one  of  which, 
the  monastery  of  the  Annunciation,  is  a  remarkably  elegant 
structure.  The  town  has  a  splendid  monument,  built  in 
1862  to  commemorate  the  1000th  anniversary  of  the  founda- 
tion of  the  Russian  empire,  of  which  Novgorod  was  the 
first  capital.  The  manufactures  consist  of  sail-cloth,  leather, 
tobacco,  candles,  and  vinegar.  The  trade  in  corn,  flax,  and 
hemp,  carried  on  chiefly  with  the  capital,  is  considerable, 
and  there  are  two  large  annual  fairs.  During  the  twelfth, 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  centuries  it  was  a  grand  com- 
mercial entrepdt,  and  so  famous  that  a  Russian  proverb  ran, 
"  Who  can  prevail  against  the  gods  and  the  great  Novgo- 
rod ?"  Its  population  is  said  to  have  once  amounted  to 
400,000,  and  it  carried  on  an  extensive  trade.  So  great 
were  its  riches  that,  in  1480,  Ivan  III.,  after  he  had  con- 
quered the  republic  of  Novgorod,  despatched  from  the  city 
to  Moscow  three  hundred  chariots  laden  with  silver  and 
gold.  Pop.  17,093.  The  Canal  of  Novgouod,  which  joins 
the  Msta  and  Volkhov  Rivers,  is  5  miles  in  length,  and  ob  - 
viates  the  navigation  of  Lake  Ilmen. 

Novgorod,  Nizhnce.     See  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 

Novgorod-Severskoie,nov*go-rod'Bi-vAR-8ko'yA,or 
Novorod-Sieverskoi,  no-vo-rod'  se-i-vJn-skoi',  also 
written  Novgorod  S^ewersk,  nov'go-rod'  syA-vfiRsk', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  109  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chernigov,  on  the  Desna.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  corn, 
hemp,  and  lime,  and  3  large  annual  fairs.     Pop.  6415. 

Novgrad-Volynski,  nov'grid'  vo-lin'skee,  or  Novi- 
grad-VoIynsk,  no-ve-gr&d'  vo-linsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Volhynia,  on  the  Slootch,  62  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zhito- 
meer.     Pop.  9341. 

Novi,  no'vee,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  66  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Banialooka,  on  the  Unna. 

Novi,  a  maritime  town  of  Ilungarian  Croatia,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Zengg,  and  the  residence  of  its  bishop.  Pop.  2649. 

Novi,  no'vee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  plain  of  Marengo, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  province  and  14  miles  S.E.  of 
Alessandria,  at  a  railway  junction.  Lat.  43°  47'  N. ;  Ion. 
8°  48'  E.  It  has  several  churches,  a  college,  a  hospital, 
manufactures  of  silk  thread,  and  an  active  trade,  it  being 
an  entrep&t  for  goods  passing  between  Genoa  and  Turin. 
On  the  adjoining  plain,  in  1799,  the  Austro-Russian  army 
under  Suwarow  defeated  the  French.     Pop.  12,162. 

Novi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles  N.  of 
Modena.     Pop.  6015. 

Novi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  18  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Capaccio.     Pop.  1148. 

No'vi,  a  post- village  in  Novi  township,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Rouge  River,  and  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  De- 
troit, and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  1282. 

Novi-Bazar,  no'vee  b&'zaR',  or  Yeni- Bazar,  a 
town  of  Bosnia,  capital  of  the  district  of  Rascia,  on  an 
afSuent  of  the  Moruva,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Bosna  Serai.  It 
has  a  castle  in  its  centre,  17  mosques,  and  some  shops,  but 
it  is  generally  wretched  and  filth3',  built  of  little  else  than 
mud,  and  none  of  the  windows  being  glazed ;  but  the  town 
is  commercially  important.     Pop.  15,000. 

Novidvor,  Nowidwor,  or  Nowyi-Dwor,  no'voe- 
d'vor,  a  town  of  Russia,  1 6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Warsaw, 
•at  the  junction  of  the  Vistula  and  Bug.     Pop.  5217. 

Novigrad,  no-ve-gr4d',  a  seaport  town  of  Hungary,  on 
the  Morlacca  Strait,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  3477. 

Novigrad,  a  village  of  Dalmatia.     See  Novegrad. 

Novigrad-Volynsk.    See  Novgrad-Volynski. 

Noville-Ies-Bois,  no^eel'  li  bwi,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1350. 

Noviodunum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Gvrkfbld. 

Noviodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Neveks. 

Noviodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Nyon. 

Noviodunum,  an  ancient  name  of  Soissons. 

Noviomagus,  the  -ncient  name  of  Noyof 


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2033 


NOV 


Noviomagus,  Netherlands,     See  Nymwegen. 
Noviomagus,  an  ancient  name  of  Spbyer. 
Novita,  Do-vee'ta,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
50  miles  E.  of  the  Pacific,  and  130  miles  S.W.  of  Antioauia. 
Pop.  2000.  ^ 

Novo- AlexandroTsk,  or  Novvo-Alexandrowsk, 
no'vo  i-lex^in-drovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kovno,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Diinaburg.     Pop.  6115. 

Novo-Bayazet,  or  Nowo-Bajaset,  no'vo  b4-yi- 
get',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Erivan,  near  the  lake  called  Goktsche-Denghis.  Pop.  4870. 

No'vo-Bykhof,  be-Kof,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
Knd  38  miles  S.  of  Moheelev. 

Novochechminsk,  Russia.    See  Novosheshminsk. 

Novo-Cherkask,  or  Novo-Tcherkask,  no'vo- 
chfiR-kisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  country  of  the 
Don  Cossacks,  on  the  Don,  240  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yekaterino- 
8lav.  The  town,  founded  in  1806,  is  generally  well  built, 
and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  with  numerous  other  churches,  a 
large  market-place,  and  a  college  with  a  library,  P.  33,397. 

Novocliopersk,  Russia.    See  Noyokhopersk. 

Novodmitrievskoe,no-vo-d'me-tre-Sv'8ko-i,  or  Ye- 
lau,  y^-lin',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  105  miles 
W.S.W,  of  Saratov. 

Novo-Doobosary,  Russia.    See  Doobosart. 

Novoevanovka,  no-vo-i-vi-nov'ki,  or  Chernian- 
ka,  chfiR-no-in'ki,  a  town  of  |lussia,  government  and  82 
miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Oskol. 

Novofedorovka,  or  IVowofedorowka,  no-vo-fi- 
do-rov'ki,  or  Bezghina,  bfiz-ghee'ni,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  93  miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk. 

Novo-Georgievsk,  or  Nowo-Georgijewsk,  no'- 
vo-gi-or^ghg-Svsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Cherson,  near  the 
Dnieper,  20  miles  ^Y.  of  Krementchoog.     Pop.  10,225. 

JVovogorod,  Russia.    See  Novgorod. 

Novogorodski,  noVo-go-rod'skee,  a  port  and  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Primorsk,  near  Possiet  Bay,  Sea  of 
Japan,  and  near  the  frontiers  of  Corea  and  Chinese  Man- 
chooria.     It  has  coal-mines,  and  exports  ginseng. 

NoVogrod',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  on  the  Narew, 
a  few  miles  below  Lomza,     Pop,  3014, 

Novogrodek,  noVo-gro-dek',  or  Novogrudok,  no^- 
vo-groo-d5k',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  80 
miles  E.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  8553. 

Novoi-Oosen,  no-voi'-oo'sfin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Samara,  about  110  miles  S.E.  of  Saratov,  on 
the  Great  Oosen,  a  long  river  which  flows  S.E.  and  is  lost 
in  the  salt-marshes  of  the  Uralian  steppe.     Pop.  7543. 

Novoi-Oskol,  no-voi'-os-kol',  a  town  of  Russia,  92 
miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Oskol.     Pop.  2837. 

Novokhopersk,  or  Novochopersk,  no-vo-Ko- 
pflRsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Voronezh,  on  the  Vorona.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  fosse  and 
a  rampart  flanked  with  bastions,  and  in  its  docks  are  built 
yessels  to  navigate  the  Black  Sea.     Pop.  7353. 

Novoli,  no'vo-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lecce,     Pop.  3100. 

Novomesto.     See  Neustadtl-Rodolphswerth. 

Novomirgorod,  no'vo-meeR-go-rod',  a  fortified  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  155  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kherson. 
Pop.  5893. 

JfoTomoskovsk,  or  Nowomoskowsk,  no-vo-mos- 
kovsk',  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  government  and  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav,  on  the  Samara.     Pop.  10,515. 

Novopetrovskoe,  no-vo-pi-trov'sko-i\  a  market- 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Kherson, 
on  the  Bug. 

Novoradomsk,  noVo-ri-domsk',  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  government  of  Petrikau.     Pop.  4680. 

Novo-Redondo,  no'vo  r4-don'do,  a  seaport  town  and 
fort  of  the  Portuguese  possessions  of  Southwest  Africa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Redondo  in  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  11° 
12'  S.,  Ion.  13°  44'  40"  E. 

Novorod-Sieverskoi.    See  Novgorod-Sbverskoib. 

Novorossisk,  no-vo-ros-sisk',  a  seaport  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Black  Sea,  about  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Anapa.  The  town  is  built  on  a  slope  terminating  in 
lofty  heights,  and  is  defended  by  forts.     Pop.  2988. 

Novorzhev,  or  Novorjev,  no-voR-zhSv',  written  also 
NoworscheAV,  no-voR-shSv',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  68  miles  S.E.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  1658. 

Novoselitza  (?),  no-vo-s4-lit'si,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Bessarabia,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chotyn. 

Novosheshminsk,  Novochechminsk,  or  Nowo- 
sclieschminsk,  no-vo-sh5sh-minsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
gOFernmont  and  95  miles  S.E.  of  Kazan. 

Novosi'»kov,  or  Nowosybkow,  noVo-seeb'kSv,  a 


town  of  Russia,  government  of  Cbemlgor,  30  milta  S.  of 
Homel.     Pop.  7612. 

Novosil,  or  Noivosil,  no-vo-ril'  or  no-TO-a«er, »  toin> 
of  Russia,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Toola.     Pop.  4027. 

Novo-Troki,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Troki. 

Novum  Forum,  the  ancient  name  of  Forhoto. 

Novus  Burgus,  the  Latin  name  of  Newport. 

Novus  Portus,  the  Latin  name  of  NiEtrwpooBt 

Novyj-Oskol,  Russia.     See  Novoi-Oskol. 

Nowanuggur,  Noanagar,  or  Nowanagar,  no- 
wan-nug-gQr',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch,  and 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  Kattywar  peninsula,  310  mile* 
N.N.W.  of  Bombay.  It  has  a  good  trade,  cloth -faotorie«, 
and  a  pearl-fishery.  Pop.  34,744.  It  is  the  capital  of  th« 
native  state  of  Nowanuggur,  of  which  the  area  is  3.3911 
square  miles,  and  which  has  a  pop.  of  290,847. 

Nowarzisse,  a  town  of  Moravia.    8e«  Neubbtjbch. 

NoAV-Chow,  n5w-ch3w,  an  island  of  China,  Gulf  of 
Tonquin,  ofi"  the  N.E.  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Looee-Choo. 
lat.  20°  58'  N.,  about  6  miles  long. 

Nowemiesto,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Neostadt. 

Now^gong',  or  Naogaon,  ni*o-gi-oN',  a  town  of 
Assam,  capital  of  the  district  of  Nowgong,  70  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Gowhatty,  on  a  side-channel  of  the  Brahmapootra. 
Pop.  3241.  ^ 

Nowgong,  or  Naogaon,  a  district  of  Central  Assam. 
Area,  3648  square  miles.    Capital,  Nowgong.  Pop.  256,390. 

NoAvidwor,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Novidtor. 

Nowikakat,  no-we-kl'kat,  a  village  of  Alaska,  near 
the  junction  of  the  Nowikakat  River  with  the  Yukon,  13« 
miles  (direct)  E.  of  Nulato.  The  river  flows  112  miles  in 
an  E.N.E.  course,  and  has  on  its  N.  side  a  range  of  high- 
lands, called  the  Nowikakat  Mountains. 

Nowo.  For  numerous  Russian  and  Polish  names  with 
this  prefix,  see  Novo  and  its  compounds. 

NowofedoroAVka,  Russia.    See  Notofedorotka. 

NoAVomoskowsk.    See  Novomoskovsk. 

Noworschcw,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Novorzhet. 

Nowoscheschminsk.    See  Novosheshminsk. 

Nowosil,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Novosil. 

Nowsharra,  n6w-shar'r4,  a  town  of  Sinde,  70  miles 
S.E.  of  Roree,  on  the  route  to  Hyderabad.     Pop.  2950. 

Nowy-Gyrin,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Nedtitschbik. 

Nowyi-Kortschin,  nSv^yee-kont'sheen,  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  government  of  Radom.     Pop.  3423. 

Now'zer,  a  village  of  Sinde,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Shikar- 
poor.     Lat.  27°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  40'  E. 

Nox^apa'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  oo.,  Miss., 
about  54  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Nox'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Nox'ubee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  ff68  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Noxubee  (or  Okanoxuoee)  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  which  touches  the  N.E. 
corner  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  cypress,  elm,  niok- 
ory,  magnolia,  oak,  tulip  tree,  Ac.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected in  the  central  part,  from  N.  to  S.,  by  the  Mobile  A 
Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Macon.  Pop,  in  1870,  20,906 ;  in 
1880,  29,874;  in  1890,  27,33S. 

Noxubee  (or  Ok^anox'ubee)  River  rises  in  or  near 
Choctaw  CO.,  Miss.,  runs  southeastward  through  Noxabe* 
CO.  into  Alabama,  and  enters  the  Tombigbee  Rirer  ne»r 
Gainesville,  in  Sumter  co.     It  is  about  130  miles  long. 

Noya,  no'y4,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Co- 
runna,  21  miles  W.  of  Santiago.  Pop.  2537.  It  has  a  ship 
building  yard,  fisheries,  and  a  trade  in  pilchards. 

Noyack,  nS'ySk,  a  hamlot  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  3  mile* 
W.  of  Sag  Harbor.     It  is  on  Little  Peconio  Bay. 

Noyal-Muzillac,  no'yil'  mU'zee'yik'  (or  mU'ieel*- 
yik'),  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  18  milee  B.8.E.  of 
Vannes.     Pop.  2415. 

Noyai-Pontivy,  no'yil'  pftN«'teeVee',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Morbihan,  3  miles  E.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  881 6. 

Noyai-sur-Vilaine,  no'yil'  sUr  veeMAn',  »  village 
of  France,  in  lUe-ot-Vilaine,  8  miles  E.  of  Rennet.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  sail-cloth.     Pop.  2593. 

Noyau,  no'yin',  a  post-village  in  Missisquol  oo.,  Que- 
bec, near  the  river  Richelieu,  2  miles  from  LaooUe.  II 
contains  a  church,  a  hotel,  Ac.     Pop.  150. 

Noyen,  noi'6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  17  mllet 
S.W.  of  Lo  Mans.     Pop.  1260. 

Noyers,  noi^ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonae,  oa  tM 
Serain,  12  miles  S.  of  Tonnerre.     Pop.  1493. 


NOY 


2034 


NUE 


No'yo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  or  near 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  155  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco.    Pop.  80. 

PToyon,  n5h*y6N"'  (anc.  Noviom'ngue),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Oise,  18  miles  N.E.  of  C«mpiSgne,  and  67 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris,  on  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Rail- 
way. Lat.  49°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  1'  E.  It  is  well  built,  en- 
closed with  gardens,  has  a  large  old  cathedral,  bishop's  pal- 
ace, a  hospital,  seminary,  several  public  fountains,  manu- 
factures of  fine  linens,  tulle,  oil,  leather,  and  a  brisk  general 
trade.     Calvin  was  born  here,  July  18,  1509.     Pop.  5785. 

Jf o'yo  River)  California,  is  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  the  central  part  of  Mendocino  co.,  flows  northwestward, 
and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Nozay,  no^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf^rieure, 
24  miles  N.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  12f56. 

Nozea,  or  Nozia,  a  mountain  of  Greece.  See  Pakne.s. 

Nub'bin  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Centreville.     It  has  a  church. 

Nabbra,  a  division  of  Thibet.     See  Nobra. 

Nubia,  nu'be-a  (Fr.  Nuhie,  nii^bee' ;  Qer.  Nnhien,  noo'- 
be-^n),  a  country  of  East  Africa,  now  consolidatetl  with 
Egypt,  situated  between  lat.  11°  and  24°  N.  and  Ion.  28° 
and  39°  E.,  bounded  E.  by  the  Red  Sea,  S.  by  Abyssinia, 
W.  by  Darfoor  and  the  Great  Desert,  and  N.  by  Egypt. 
Area,  estimated  at  35,000  square  miles,  and  population  at 
400,000.  It  is  divided  into  Lower  Nubia,  extending  from 
the  frontier  of  Egypt  to  Dongola  (lat.  18°  N.),  and  Upper 
Nubia,  from  Dongola  to  Abyssinia.  The  fertile  part  of  Nu- 
bia is  situated  almost  entirely  in  the  valley  of  the  Nile, 
which  is  here  so  narrow  as  to  leave  little  space  for  cultiva- 
tion on  its  banks,  and  the  productive  districts  occur  in 
the  gorges  between  the  mountains,  and  on  the  islands.  A 
desert  of  sand  and  rocks,  with  some  stnall  fertile  oases,  ex- 
tends E.  from  Lower  Nubia  to  the  Red  Sea.  In  Upper  Nu- 
bia the  country  is  more  varied :  the  Nile  here  receives  its 
affluent  the  Atbara,  or  Tacazze,  165  miles  below  the  junc- 
tion of  the  White  and  Blue  Rivers;  between  these  rivers 
are  situated  the  regions  of  Shendy,  Halfay,  and  Sennaar, 
which  contain  vast  fertile  plains.  The  climate  of  Nubia 
is  extremely  hot  and  dry,  but  on  the  whole  healthy ;  the 
plague  is  said  never  to  have  penetrated  S.  of  the  second 
cataract  (lat.  22°  N.).  Besides  the  animals  common  to 
Egypt,  Nubia  has  the  girafiTe,  and  several  species  of  ante- 
lopes and  birds  which  belong  to  the  central  plateau  of  Af- 
rica. Agriculture  employs  most  of  the  population  on  the 
banks  of  the  Nile  and  its  tributaries,  and  artificial  irriga- 
tion is  resorted  to,  as  in  Egypt.  Chief  products,  durrah, 
barley,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco,  senna,  coffee,  and  dates. 
Cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared  by  the  Arabs  of  the 
neighboring  deserts.  Manufactures  are  limited  to  objects 
for  domestic  use.  An  extensive  transit  trade  is  carried  on 
with  the  interior  of  Africa  and  Egypt  in  slaves,  gold-dust, 
senna,  and  ostrich  feathers.  Suakin,  on  the  Red  Sea,  is 
the  chief  port.  The  Nubians  belong  to  the  Arabian  and 
Ethiopian  races.  They  are  a  handsome  people,  of  dark 
brown  complexion,  bold,  frank,  cheerful,  and  more  simple 
and  incorrupt  in  manners  than  their  neighbors,  either  up 
or  down  the  river.  In  Egypt,  where  they  are  called  Be- 
raber  (Berbers),  they  are  preferred  as  porters  and  domestic 
servants.  The  pastoral  tribes  on  the  banks  of  the  Tacazze 
and  Upper  Nile  speak  the  Arabic  language.  Remains  of 
ancient  edifices  occur  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the 
valley,  but  chiefly  below  Dongola.  The  most  remarkable 
are  the  temple  of  Kelabshi  (anciently  Talmis),  the  sculp- 
tures of  which  represent  the  expedition  of  Sesostris ;  that 
of  Dakkeh ;  the  excavated  temple  of  Ipsambool,  a  little 
below  Wady-Halfah ;  and  the  temple  of  Semne,  a  little 
above  it.  In  Dongola  some  colossal  figures  of  granite  lie 
prostrate  in  the  isle  of  Argo.  Previous  to  the  conquest  of 
Nubia  by  Ibrahim  Pasha,  in  1821,  it  was  governed  by  a 
multitude  of  independent  chiefs;  since  then  it  has  been 
under  the  dominion  of  Egypt.  Two  extensive  railway  lines 
have  been  constructed  to  obviate  difficulties  in  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  Nile,  and  the  chief  towns  are  reached  by  tele- 
graphs.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Nubian,  nu'be-an. 

Nublada,  noo-bl&'D&,  or  San  Benedicto,  s&n  hk- 
n4-deek'to,  an  island  of  the  North  Pacific,  Revilla  Gigedo 
group.  Lat.  19°  22'  40"  N.;  Ion.  110°  44'  W.  Length, 
from  N.E.  to  S^W.,  6  miles ;  breadth,  about  3  miles. 

Nubie,  or  Huble,  noo'bli  or  nyoo'bli,  a  river  of  Chili, 
rises  in  the  W.  slope  of  the  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  near 
lat.  36°  N.,  flows  W.S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  80 
miles,  unites  with  the  Chilian  to  form  the  Itata. 

Nuble,  a  province  of  Chili,  having  the  Andes  on  the 
E.,  and  the  province  of  Concepcion  on  the  W.  Area,  3542 
square  miles.     Capital,  Chilian.     Pop.  136,871. 


Nuceria  Alfaterna.    See  Njcera  dei  Pagani. 
Nuceria  Camellaria,  Italy.    See  Nocera. 
Nucko,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Nuko. 

Nnck'olls,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Republican  and  Little  Blue  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The 
soil  produces  natural  grass  and  is  adapted  to  pastoral  pur- 
suits.   Capital,  Nelson.    Pop.  in  1880,4235;  in  1890, 11,417. 

Nuckolls,  a  station  in  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Girard  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  6a. 

Nud'dea,  or  Nadiya,  nud'd^-i,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
lat.  22°  52.5'-24°  11'  N.,  Ion.  88°  10'-89°  24'  41"  E.  Area, 
3414  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  alluvial  plain  in  the 
Ganges  delta,  traversed  by  many  navigable  cnannels,  and 
bounded  W.  by  the  Bhagirathi  and  Hoogly,  and  N.  partly 
by  the  main  Ganges.    Capital,  Krishnugger.    P.  1,812,795. 

Nnddea,  Nadiya,  or  Nabadwip,  nQb-fid-weep',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  attached  to  Nuddea  district, 
though  within  the  limits  of  Burdwan,  54  miles  by  rail  N. 
by  W.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  one  of  the  great  seats  of  Hindoo 
learning,  being  especially  noted  for  its  schools  of  law  and 
logic.  It  is  much  resorted  to  by  pilgrims.  The  old  town 
has  been  entirely  washed  away  by  the  river.     Pop.  8863. 

Nueces,  Rio,  ree'o  nu-a'sez,  a  river  of  Southern  Texas, 
rises  in  or  near  Edwards  co.  Its  general  direction  is  nearly 
southeastward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Dawson,  Zavalla, 
Dimmit,  La  Salle,  and  Live  Oak,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  through  Corpus  Christi  Bay.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  400  miles. 

Nueces,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
estimated  at  2430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Rio  Nueces,  and  on  the  E.  by  Corpus  Christi  Bay 
and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or  Laguna  del  Madre.  It  is 
drained  by  several  streams,  one  of  which  is  called  Santa 
Gertrudis  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is 
sandy,  and  produces  pasture  for  vast  herds  of  cattle,  sheep, 
and  horses.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mexican 
National  Railroad  and  the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass 
Railroad,  both  of  which  connect  with  Corpus  Christi,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  3975  ;  in  1880,  7673;  in  1890,  8093. 

Nueces,  a  post-office  of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio 
Nueces,  about  12  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Corpus  Christi. 

Nneil-sous-Pnssavant,  nU'il'  soo  pis^siVfiN*'.  a 
town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire,  on  the  Layon,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Saumur.     Pop.  1759. 

Nuestra  Sefiora  del  Pilar  de  Zaragoza.  See 
Samboanga. 

Nueva  Baranca,  nw&'v&  bi-r&n'kA,  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mahates  with 
the  Rio  Magdalena,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Cartagena. 

Nueva  Barcelona,  Venezuela.    See  Barcelona. 

Nueva  Caceres,  Philippines.    See  Caceres. 

Nueva  (New)  California.    See  Upper  Cauporvia. 

Nueva  Carteya,  nwA'vi  kaR-ti'yi,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  .\ndalusia,  about  24  miles  from  Cordova. 

Nueva  Ecija,  nwi'vi  i'the-H&,  a  province  of  the  island 
of  Luzon,  extending  along  part  of  its  E.  coast.  Bougabon 
is  the  capital.     Pop.  23,308. 

Nueva  Esparta.     See  Margarita,  and  Asuncion. 

Nueva  Helvetia,  nwi'v&  51-vi'te-i,  or  New  Hel- 
vetia, hSl-vee'she-a,  a  former  settlement  in  California, 
near  the  junction  of  the  Rio  Sacramento  with  the  American 
River,  founded  in  1838-39  by  Captain  Sutter  of  Missouri. 

Nuevo  Laredo,  nwi'vo  li-ri'do,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  opposite  Laredo, 
Tex.  It  has  a  cnurch,  a  good  interior  trade,  and  exports 
hides,  wool,  corn,  and  beans.     Pop.  2000. 

Nueva  Segovia,  nwi'vi  si-go've-S,,  a  town  on  the 
Tajo,  in  the  N.  part  of  Luzon.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Nueva  Segovia,  nwi'vi  si-go've-4,  or  New  Sego'- 
via,  a  small  town  of  Nicaragua,  on  the  Segovia  River,  110 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leon. 

Nueva  Segovia,  Venezuela.    See  Barquesiheto. 

Nuevas  Filipinas.     See  Caroline  Islands. 

Nuevas  Grandes,  nwi'vis  grin'dSs,  a  port  on  the  N 
coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba. 

Nueva  Tab  area,  an  island  of  Spain.    See  Tabahca. 

Nueva  Vizcaya,  nwi'vi  veeth-ki'i,  a  province  of  the 
island  of  Luzon.     Pop.  22.233. 

Nuevitas.     See  Las  Nuevitas  del  Principe. 

Nuevo  Leon,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  New  Leon. 

Nuevo  Mexico  (or  Mejico).    See  New  Mexico. 

Nuevo  Riobamba,  South  America.     See  Riobamba 

Nuevo  Santander,  nwi'vo  sin-tin-daiR',  also  called, 
Victoria,  or  Ciudad  Victoria,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
capital   of  the   state   of  Tamaulipas,   on   the   river   San- 


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tender,  120  miles  N.W.  of  Tampico.     It  is  well  built  and 
populous. 

^fu-Gariep,  nu-gi-reep',  a  river  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  after  a  N.W.  course  joins  the  Gariep  or 
Orange  River  near  lat.  29°  5'  S.,  Ion.  24°  23'  E.  It  drains 
the  divisions  of  Graaf-Reynet,  Colesberg,  and  Cradock. 

Nu'gent's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa, 
on  Buflalo  Creek,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Anamosa.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  7  houses. 

Nuggee'na,  Nugeeuah,  or  Nagina,  nfig-ee'n^,  a 
town  of  India,  Bijnaur  district,  lat.  29°  27'  N.,  Ion.  78° 
30'  E.,  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  19,696. 

Nug'gur,  or  Nagar,  niig'gur,  a  division  or  commission- 
ership  of  India,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mysore.  It  tekes  its 
name  from  Nuggur  or  Hydernuggur,  a  popular  name  for 
the  town  of  Bednore.  Area,  10,562  square  miles.  Pop 
1,364,261. 

Nughedu,  noo-ghi,-doo',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, S.  of  Ozieri.     Pop.  1595. 

Nuits,  nwee,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cftte-d'Or,  on  the 
Meuzin,  and  on  the  Paris  <fc  Lyons  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Beaune.  It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  wine  country, 
and  has  manufactures  of  brandy,  paper,  serges,  hats, 
leather,  and  vinegar.     Pop.  3503. 

Nujibabad,  or  Najibabad,  nM^jee-bi-b&d',  a  town 
of  India,  district  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bijnaur.  Pop. 
17,418. 

Nujifghur,  noo-jif-giir',  a  town  of  British  India,  on 
the  Ganges,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Cawnpoor. 
Pfukahiva,  Marquesas  Islands.     See  Nookahebva. 
Nukerke,  nii'k^R^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2118. 

Nuko,  Nouko,  noo'ko,  or  Nucko,  nook'ko,  an  island 
of  Russia,  S.W.  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  between 
the  mainland  and  the  island  of  Worms.     Pop.  450. 

Nulato,  noo-li'to,  a  fort  and  settlement  of  Alaska,  on 
the  Yukon,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Nulato.  Lat.  64° 
42'  N.;  Ion.  157°  54'  W. 

Nulchitty,  nul-chit'tee,  a  village  of  Bengal,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Backergunge,  on  an  arm  of  the  Ganges. 

Nul'dee,  or  Naldi,  nul'dee,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Jes- 
•ore,  6  miles  N.  of  Naral.     It  has  a  large  trade,  sugar- 
refineries,  and  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  ornaments. 
Nules,  noo'lfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  4401. 

Nulhat'ty,  or  Nalhati,  nul-hit'e,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
at  a  railway  junction,  27  miles  W.  of  Moorshedabad. 

Nulhe'gan  River,  a  small  stream  of  Essex  co.,  Vt., 
lalls  into  the  Connecticut. 

Null's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,at  Null- 
town  Station  on  the  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.  of  Connersvillo. 

Nulvi,  nool'vee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  province  and  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2323. 

Nu'ma,  a  hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash 
River,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 13  or  14  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Numa,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Centreville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  2 
ooal-mines. 
Numansdorp,  Netherlands.  See  Buitensluis. 
Numidia,  nu-mid'e-a  (Fr.  Numidie,  nii^meeMee';  L. 
Numid'ia  ;  Gr.  NovutSta,  Notimidia,  or  VoiiaSia,  Nomadia), 
an  ancient  country  of  North  Africa,  corresponding  in  the 

main  with  the  modem  Algeria. Adj.  and  inhab.  Nu- 

MiDiAN,  nu-mid'e-an. 

Numidia,  nu-mid'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo., 
Pa.,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Danville. 

Nummul,  num'miil',  a  thriving  town  of  the  Punjab, 
on  the  Indus,  24  miles  E.  of  Caulabagh.     Lat.  32°  55'  N. ; 
Ion.  72°  E. 
Nun,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  Noon. 
Nun,  Morocco.    See  Nook,  and  Akassa. 
Nun,  noon,  one  of  the  principal  outlets  of  the  Niger, 
passing  into  the  Atlantic  from  between  Capes  Nun  and 
Formosa,  about  lat.  4°  21'  N.,  Ion.  6°  5'  E.    See  Nigkr. 

Nnnda,  nun-da',  a  post-township  of  MoHenry  oo..  111., 
intersected  by  the  Fox  River.  Pop.  1548.  It  contains  the 
village  of  Crystal  Lake. 

Nunda,  a  post-village  in  Nunda  township,  Free- 
born CO.,  Minn.,  about  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Austin,  and 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill.  The  township  contains  several  small  lakes.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  733. 

Nunda,  a  beautiful  post-village  in  Nunda  township, 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  about 


14  miles  W.  of  Dansville,  44  miles  8.S.W.  of  RoofietUr 
and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  oonUiiu  6  or  < 
churches,  the  Nunda  Academy,  2  newspaper  officM,  a 
national  bank,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a  gri*t-mill,  to. 
It  has  manufactures  of  furniture  and  wagons.  Pop.  1189 • 
of  the  township,  2703.  The  township  oont&inf  aaothw 
village,  named  Nunda  Stetion. 

Nunda  Station,  a  post-village  in  Nund»  towuhiu, 
Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  24  milM  N.W. 
of  Hornellaville,  and  2i  miles  8.  of  Nnnda.  It  has  » 
church,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  graded  sohooL 
Pop.  about  450. 

Nundawas  Mountains.    See  Hardwicki  Moon 

TAIN8. 

Nundeal,  n&n-di-il',  a  town  of  British  India,  Madru. 
73  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cuddapah.     Pop.  9378. 
Nnn^dialMumpett',  a  town  of  India,  20  miles  N.  of 

Cuddapah.     Pop.  6645. 

Nund^ga'on,  or  Nandgaon,  ntind'gi'gn,  a  native 
stete  of  India,  Central  Provinces.  Area,  884  square  miles. 
Pop.  148,454. 

Nun^dydroog',  a  division    or   commissionerahtp  of 
India,  in  Mysore.     Area,  9097  square  miles.    P.  2,079,547. 
Nuneaton,  nfin'e-tgn,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  War- 
wick, at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rugby.    It  has 
a  Gothic  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  free  schooL     In 
the  vicinity  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  abbey,  destroyed  by 
Cromwell.     Pop.  of  parish,  (1891),  11,680.     , 
Nnneham  Courtnay,  England.    See  Newxham. 
Nunez,  noo'nfiz',  or  Kakundy,  ki-kQn'dee,  a  river 
of  West  Africa,  Senegambia,  after  a  W.  course  enters  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  10°  40'  N.,  Ion.  14°  40'  W.     On  iU 
banks,  from  70  to  80  miles  from  the  sea,  are  the  settlements 
of  Walkeria,  Cassasez,  and  Debucko. 

Nu'nica,  a  post-village  of  Ottewa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Crock- 
ery township,  on  the  Detroit  k  Milwaukee  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Chicago  &,  West  Michigan  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Grand  Haven,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Muskegon,  and 
2  miles  N.  of  Grand  River.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels, 
a  graded  school,  8  stores,  and  manufactures  of  chairs  and 
lumber.     Pop.  about  400. 

NnnivacK,  an  island  in  Behring's  Sea.     See  Nooxitak. 
Nunkunono,  nun-koo-no'no,  or  Duke  of  Clar'- 
ence,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     Lat  9°  5'  S.;  Ion.  171* 
38'  W.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  7  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 
Nun's  Island,  Hebrides,  is  close  to  lona. 
Nuoro,  noo-o'ro,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  78 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     It  has  a  cathedral  and  a  Jes- 
uits' college.     Pop.  4697. 

Nnra,  noo'r&,  a  river  of  North  Itely,  rises  in  the  Apen- 
nines, and,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the  Po 
7  miles  E.  of  Piacenza. 

Nuragu,  noo-r&'goo,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
province  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1167. 

Nuramini,  noo-r&-mee'nee,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.  Pop.  1703. 
Nurapolia,  a  village  of  Sardinia.  See  Narboua. 
Nurbnddah,  a  river  of  India.  See  Nerbcdda. 
Nuremberg,  nu'r?m-b§rg  (Ger.  NUmbtrg,  niiRn'bJRS ; 
Dutch,  Neurenburg,  nB'r^n-bfiRO* ;  L.  and  It.  Norimberifa, 
no-rim-b4R'g4 ;  Sp.  Nuremberga,  noo-rflm-b4R'g4),  a  city 
of  Bavaria,  Middle  Franoonia,  once  the  greatest  and  most 
wealthy  of  all  the  free  imperial  cities  of  Germany,  on  the 
Pegnitz,  the  Ludwig  Canal,  and  the  Great  Bararian  Rail- 
way, 95  miles  N.  of  Munich.  Lat.  49°  27'  N.;  Ion.  !!•  4' 
E.  It  stends  in  a  well-cultivated  plain,  and  presents  • 
very  striking  appearance.  The  Pegnits,  traversing  the 
town  from  E.  to  W.,  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts, 
which  communicate  by  numerous  bridges,  its  eharaeteristio 
feature  being  the  venerable  air  of  antiquity  which  invests 
it.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  battlements.  The  ehlef 
edifices  are  the  Reichsveste,  an  old  imperial  castle;  often 
oooupied  by  the  German  emperors  of  the  Middle  Ages,  the 
church  of  St.  Sebakl,  with  fine  paintings  and  soulptare,  and 
the  churches  of  St.  Laurent  and  St.  Giles.  Nuremberg  has 
a  gymnasium  founded  by  the  reformer  Melanebthon,  whose 
stetue  is  placed  on  its  front,  a  sohool  of  fine  arts,  a  polyteoh- 
nic  school,  a  commercial  aoademy,  many  libraries,  a  ■nsenm 
of  natural  history,  and  numerous  religions,  Htarary,  and 
artistic  associations.  The  German  national  moMnm  has 
a  library  of  30,000  volumes,  14,000  original  M8S.,  and 
many  coins  and  antiquities.  The  first  paper-mill  In  Ger- 
many was  esteblished  here  in  1390.  Hero  also  the  flrti 
gun-carriages  were  made ;  and  the  first  railway  in  Germany 
was  opened  from  Nuremberg  to  PUrth  In  1836.  It  is  now 
the  great  centre  of  the  manufacture  of  German  wooden 
clocks  and  toys,  which  are  exported  to  all  parU  of  the 


XUll 


2036 


NYK 


globe;  its  other  manufactures  comprise  jewelry,  trinkets, 
telescopes,  mathematical  and  musical  instruments,  sealing- 
wax,  blaok-lead-pencils,  lacquered-wares,  articles  in  ivory 
and  horn,  paper,  and  parchments.  Nuremberg  is  the  birth- 
plaoe  of  Albert  Diirer,  whose  bouse  is  still  preserved.  It  was 
founded  in  905,  and  was  in  938  the  seat  of  the  first  Ger- 
man diet.  Its  inhabitants  early  embraced  the  doctrines  of 
the  Refonbation,  and  in  1532  the  assembly  was  held  here 
at  which  the  treaty  of  toleration  was  signed.  Napoleon  I. 
deprived  the  city  of  privileges  and  annexed  it  to  Bavaria 

in  1805.    Pop.  in  1880,  99,519 ;  in  1890, 142,403. Inhab. 

Nu'rembergek  (Ger.  NUrnberger,  niiRn'bSRO^^r). 

Nu'rey,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lincoln  co,,  N.D. 

Nnr^hee',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  29  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Ghaseepoor,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ganges.     Pop.  5338. 

Nur'neysville,  a  post-office  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

Niirpur,  niir^pQr',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Himalaya  Mountains,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Amritsir.  Lat. 
32°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  40'  E.     Pop.  from  6000  to  8000. 

Nurri)  nooR'Ree,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
province  and  8  miles  E.  of  Isili.     Pop.  2330. 

Nur'sery  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dent  co..  Mo.,  6  miles 
S.AV.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  and  a  nursery  of  fruit 
trees.     Wine  is  made  here. 

Ntirsinghur*  niir'sing-gfir',  a  town  of  India,  38  miles 
N.E.  of  Saugur. 

Nursinghur,  a  petty  state  of  India,  provinee  of  Mal- 
wah,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Oojein. 

Nur^singpoor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Nursing- 
poor  district,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  7554. 

Nur^singpoor',  orNarsiiihpur,  nur'siN-poor',  a  dis- 
trict  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  Nerbudda  division.  Area, 
1916  square  miles.     Capital,  Nursingpoor.     Pop.  339,395. 

Niirsinhpoor,  or  Narsinhpur,  also  called  Nar> 
singpoor,  a  native  state  of  Orissa,  India.  Lat.  20°  24'- 
20°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  85°-85°  16'  16"  E.  Area,  199  square  miles. 
Pop.  24,758.  It  is  governed  by  a  rajah,  who  resides  at 
Nursinhpoor,  a  small  town,  lat.  20°  28'  N.,  Ion.  85°  7'  E. 

Nttrtingen,  niiR'ting-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on 
the  Neokar,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  6078. 

Nurwur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Narwar. 

NnS)  noos,  or  Nuz,  nuts?,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Aosta,  on  the  Dora.     Pop.  2183. 

IVusa  Baron,  Java.    See  Baron  Island. 

Nusco,  noos'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.  Pop.  4473.  It 
has  a  cathedral  and  convents. 

Nusloch,  nSSs'loK,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  S.  of  Hei- 
delberg.    Pop.  2766. 

Nnssbach,  nfiQss'b&K,  or  Alun,  &'loon,  a  village  of 
Transylvania,  24  miles  from  Kronstadt,  near  the  Alt. 

Nussbach,  a  village  of  Transylvania.    See  Maoyaros. 

Nussdorf,  nSdss'doRf,  a  village  of  Austria,  so  near 
Vienna  as  to  be  almost  one  of  its  suburbs.     Pop.  4029. 

Nussdorf  (Hun.  Alto-Bios,  Srsho'  dee'osh',  and  FeU'd- 
Dios,  fSl'sho^  dee^osh'),  two  adjacent  villages  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  4400. 

Niisseerabad,  or  Nasirabad,  nQs^see-ri-b&d',  also 
written  Nus^serabad',  a  town  and  military  post  of  India, 
district  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Ajmere.  Pop.  17,109.  See 
Mymunsingh. 

Nusslan,  n55ss'15w,  or  Nusilaw,  noo'se-l&v\  a  town 
of  Moravia,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  1100. 

Nut  Bush,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2430, 

Nut'tallburg,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Kanawha 
Biver,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.     Pop.  in  1880,  277. 

Nattam,  or  Nuttom,  India.    See  Nattau. 

Nntts'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Monaskon  steamboat-landing. 

Nuyts,  nits  (?),  a  headland  of  South  Australia,  in  latt 
32°  2'  18"  S.,  Ion.  132°  25'  E.  The  Nuyts  Archipelago 
stretches  along  the  coast  N.  of  lat.  33°.  Principal  island, 
St.  Francis. 

Nuz,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Nns. 

Nuz'ums,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.W.  of 
Grafton.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 
Here  is  abundant  ooal  of  good  quality. 

Ny'ack,  a  post-town  in  Orangetown  and  Clarkstown 
townships,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  at 
the  base  of  rugged  hills,  near  the  N.  end  of  the  Palisades, 
on  the  wide  part  of  Hudson  River,  which  is  called  Tappan- 
zee,  28  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  opposite  Tarrytown, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  steam  ferry.  Nyack  is  on 
the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.  It  contains  12 
churches,  a  national  bank,  several  large  summer  hotels,  2 


daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  an  institute  for  both 
sexes.  It  has  manufactures  of  boilers,  carriages,  shoes, 
wooden-ware,  sash,  blinds,  &a.  Large  quantities  of  milk 
and  fruits  are  shipped  here.  Among  the  products  of  its 
industry  are  ships  and  boats.  It  has  a  river-front  of  6 
miles.  The  steamboats  of  the  New  York  and  North  River 
Steamboat  Company  ply  daily  between  Nyack  and  New 
York.  The  town  embraces  3  distinct  corporations, — Upper 
Nyack,  Nyack,  and  South  Nyack.  Pop.  of  Nyack  in  1890, 
4111;  with  Upper  Nyack  and  South  Nyack,  about  10,000. 

Nyamtz,  ne-imts',  Nemza,  nim'sJL,  or  Niatzn,  ne- 
It'soo,  a  town  of  Roumania,  62  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yassy.  It 
has  large  annual  fairs  and  markets,  and  a  shrine  of  the 
Virgin,  which  attracts  numerous  pilgrims.     Pop.  9940. 

Pi  yanza.   See  Albert  Nyanza,  and  Victoria  Ntanza. 

Nyarpet,  ni-ar-pfit',  a  town  of  British  India,  pres» 
dency  and  65  miles  N.W.  of  Madras. 

Nyassa,  ne-is'si  ("the  sea"),  N'yassa,  or  Mar- 
avi  (?),  written  also  Marabai,  a  lake  of  Southeast  Africa, 
between  Ion.  34°  and  36°  E.,  its  centre  being  about  lat. 
12°  S.  It  is  apparently  identical  with  the  Lake  Maravi  of 
old  maps.  It  is  350  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.,  38  miles  in 
average  breadth,  and  1500  feet  in  elevation.  Its  waters  are 
discharged  by  the  river  Shir6  into  the  Zambezi.  It  is  nav- 
igated by  a  steamboat,  and  its  waters  are  very  deep.  Lake 
Nyassa  is  in  a  populous  mountain-region,  and  was  only 
known  by  vague  reports  until  1859,  when  Livingstone  first 
visited  it. 

Nyborg,  or  Nyeborg,  nii'boRe  (Dan.  pron.  nii'boRS 
or  nU'^h-boRO^),  a  fortified  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  island 
of  Fanen,  18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Odense,  on  the  Great 
Belt.     It  is  defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  and  has  ship 
bnilding  docks.     Pop.  4812. 

Nydau,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Nidau. 

Nye,  ni,  a  large  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nevada,  bor- 
dering on  California,  bos  an  area  of  16,908  square  miles. 
It  has  no  rivers  of  much  importance,  and  is  a  part  of  the 
Great  Basin  which  lies  between  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains.  The  surface  is  a  sterile  plain  or 
table-land,  nearly  destitute  of  timber  and  fresh  water.  In 
the  S.W.  part  are  the  Bare  Mountains  and  the  Great  Arma- 
gosa  Desert.  Silver  and  gold  are  the  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. Capital,  Belmont.  Pop.  in  1870,  1087;  in  1880, 
1876;  in  1890,  1290. 

NyeKJ Oping,  Denmark.    See  NtkiSpino. 

Nye  Nuggur,  ni  nllg'giir,  or  Naya  Nagar,  n&'y^ 
nfig'^r,  also  oalled  Nyaneygnrh,  ni-^n&'g&r,  a  walled 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Nairwarra  district,  36  miles  S.W. 
of  Ajmere.     It  is  a  prominent  cotton-market.     Pop.  7802. 

Nyested,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Nysted. 

Nyesville,  niz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  Ind. 

Nyff6,  or  Niffii,  nif-fee',  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  between 
the  Niger  and  Benuwe  Rivers. 

Nyhamm,  nii'b&mm,  a  port  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sweden, 
Isen  of  Gefleborg,  at  the  mouth  of  the  I^usne  in  the  Gulf 
of  Bothnia. 

Nyhat'ta,  or  Naihati,  ni-h&'tee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
on  the  Hoogly,  opposite  Chinsoorah,  and  30  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  23,730. 

Nyhehaske,  Netherlands.     See  Nijehaske. 

Nyiniah,  fiin'ee-i,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  N.E.  of 
Sierra  Leone.     Lat.  8°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  28'  W. 

Nyir  Bathor,  neeR  bfiVton',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co 
of  Siabolcz,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  4723. 

Nyireghyhaza,  nee*r4dj*hi'z6h\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Szabolcz,  29  miles  N.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  21,896.  It 
has  Roman  Catholic,  Greek,  Lutheran,  and  Calvinistio 
churches,  and  some  soda-  and  salt-works. 

Nyittra,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Neotra. 

Nykerk,  ni'k^Rk,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  XO  miles  S.W.  of  Harderwyk.     Pop.  3772. 

Nykioping,  nii-k'yo'ping,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Falster,  with  a  port  and  railway  terminus,  a 
Latin  school,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  3645. 

NyKJobing,  nli-k'yo'bing,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, island  of  Seeland,  on  the  Ise-Fiord,  38  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1548. 

NyKJobing,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  44  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Aalborg,  on  the  Lym-Fiord.     Pop.  2246. 

Nykoping,  or  Nykjoping,  nii'chb'ping  (almost  nee'- 
chiipMng),  also  called  Sodermannland,  so'd^r-m&n- 
lind\  a  Isen  or  district  of  Sweden,  in  the  E.,  having  S.E.  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  N.  Lakes  Mielar  and  Hjelmar.  Chief 
town,  Nykoping.    Area,  2516  square  miles.     Pop.  143,926, 

Nykoping,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a 
laen,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Baltic,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm. 
Pop.  4591.     It  has  2  castles,  several  churches  and  hoipi- 


NYL 


2037 


OAR 


tal8,  manufactures  of  brass- wares,  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs, 
hosiery,  tobacco,  paper,  and  starch,  saw-mills,  and  ship- 
building docks. 

Nyland,  nee'lind,  a  laen  or  province  of  Finland, 
bounded  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Area,  4584  square 
miles.  It  is  the  smallest  and  most  densely  peopled  prov- 
ince of  the  grand  duchy.  Capital,  Helsinefors.  Pop. 
185,641.  ^ 

Nymphenburg,  nim'f§n-bS5RG\  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1788. 

NymAvegen,  or  Niyinwegen,  nim'wi*gh4n  or  nim'- 
wi^gh^n,  written  also  Nimeguen  and  Nymegen  (Fr. 
Nimlgue,  nee^maig';  Ger.  Nimwegen,  nim-^i'gh§n;  ano. 
Noviom'agm),  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qel- 
derland,  on  the  Waal,  9^  miles  S.  of  Arnhem.  Lat.  51° 
51'  N. ;  Ion,  5°  51'  E.  Pop.  29,710.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
the  public  edifices  comprising  some  Roman  and  Carlovin- 
gian  defensive  works,  with  a  fine  old  town  house  and  some 
handsome   churches.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  manufactory  of 


pale  ale,  with  others  of  Prusaian  blue,  glue,  and  leather.  It 
was  formerly  a  free  imperial  town,  and  is  celebrated  for  the 
treaty  of  1678.  It  was  Uken  by  the  French  in  1794.  A 
railway  connects  it  with  Cleves. 

Nynarcoil,  ni-nar-koil',  a  town  of  British  India,  nive- 
idency  of  Madras,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Ramnad. 

Nyon,  or  Nion,  nee^6N»'  (ano.  Noviodu'nvm),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  21  miles  8.W.  of  Lausanne, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.    Pop.  3417. 

Nyons,  nee'in-',  a  town  of  France,  in  DrAme,  on  tbe 
Aigues,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  2462. 

Nysa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Sultas-Humar. 

Nyslott,  nil'slott,  written  also  Neishlot  and  Sawo- 
linna,  a  town  of  Finland,  laen  and  80  miles  N.  of  Viborg. 

Nystad,  nii'stAd,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  Iten  and 
38  miles  N.W.  of  Abo,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.    Pop.  3708, 

Nysted,  or  Nyested,  nU'stM  {i.e.,  "  New  Town"),  a 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Laaland 

Nyvel,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  NiTsiJ.m 


0. 


0»  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "old,"  prefixed  to 
the  names  of  many  places  in  Hungary,  as  0  Vab  (t.e., 
"  Old  Fort"),  0  Arad  (i.e.,  "  Old  Arad"),  Ac. 

Oahtooak,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Upolu. 

Oaha,  wi'hoo,  written  also  Wahoo  and  Woahoo, 
one  of  the  islands  of  the  Hawaiian  Archipelago,  lat.  21°  20' 
N.,  Ion.  157°  37'  W.,  40  miles  long,  by  20  miles  broad.  It 
is  fertile,  producing  indigo,  cotton,  sugar,  and  coffee.  Pop. 
in  1890,  31,194.     See  Hawaii. 

Oajaca,  or  Oaxaca,  w&-H&'k&,  written  also  Gaa- 
xaca«  a  state  of  Mexico,  comprising  the  S.  portion  of  the 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepee  and  the  table-land  of  Mixtecapan, 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  state  of  La  Puebla,  N.K  by 
Vera  Oiviz,  E.  by  Chiapas,  S.  by  the  Pacific,  and  W.  by 
Guerrero.  Length,  270  miles  along  the  shores  of  the  Pa- 
cific; breadth,  at  the  widest  part,  170  miles.  Area,  33,571 
square  miles.  It  is  of  uneven  surface,  and  in  many  parts 
mountainous,  but  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  best 
oultirated  districts  in  Mexico.  Its  principal  rivers  are  the 
Alvarado,  which  rises  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  and, 
after  a  winding  course,  terminates  in  a  lake  in  Vera  Cruz, 
the  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Rio  Verde,  both  of  which  fall  into 
the  Pacific.  The  climate  is  agreeable  and  salubrious,  and 
the  soil  remarkably  fertile.  Its  productions  are  wheat, 
indigo,  cochineal,  cotton,  sugar,  honey,  cacao,  dye-woods, 
timber,  and  fruits.     Pop.  (1882)  761,274,  chiefly  Indians. 

O^ua^ca,  or  Oaxaca*  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
above  state,  near  the  Rio  Verde,  210  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mexico, 
4800  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  17°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  15'  W. 
It  is  well  built,  of  an  oblong  form,  about  2  miles  in  length 
by  IJ  miles  in  breadth,  including  the  suburbs,  which  are 
full  of  gardens  and  plantations  of  cochineal,  for  which  this 
city  is  celebrated.  Principal  edifices,  the  bishop's  palace, 
cathedral,  2  colleges,  numerous  convents,  and  the  city  hall. 
It  has  manufactures  of  chocolate,  soap,  and  perfumery,  and 
an  active  trade  in  sugar  and  cochineal.     Pop.  25,000. 

Oak,  ok,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  111.,  about  14  miles 
N.  of  Golconda. 

Oaky  Pulaski  CO.,  Ind.     See  Rosedale. 

Oak,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  881. 

Oak,  or  Oak  Creek,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  402. 

Oak,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  St,  Northern  Railroad  (Bedford  Station),  13  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Oak,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  499.  See 
Oak  Station. 

Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Kdgar.     It  has  2  grist-mills  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Oakaila,  Iroquois  co..  111.     See  Looa. 

Oakalla,  o-kal'la,  a  post-h«mlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  B.N.E. 
of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  lime-kilns  and  limestone-quarries. 

Oak  Bar,  a  post-ofl^ce  of  Siskiyou  co..  Gal. 

Oak  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  oo.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  a  fine  bay  of  the  same  name,  6  miles  N.W.  of  St, 
Rtephen.     Pop.  750. 


Oak  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo..  Ark.,  25  mile* 
E.  of  Knobel  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Oak  Bluffs,  a  summer  resort  (post-office.  Vineyard 
Grove)  in  Edgartown  township,  Dukes  oo.,  Man.,  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  8  miles  by  steamer  from  Wood's  Holl, 
and  28  miles  from  New  Bedford,  with  which  plaoes  it  has 
frequent  steamboat  connection  in  the  season.  It  ia  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  Martha's  Vineyard  Railroad,  and  has 
annual  camp-meetings  of  the  Methodists  and  Baptists. 

Oak  Bow'er,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens. 

Oak  Centre,  sen't^r,  post-office,  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn. 

Oak  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oakfield  township.  Fond 
du  Lac  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
Hi  miles  S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  City,  a  post-office  of  Millard  oo.,  Utah. 

Oak  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Smith  co:,  runs  nearly 
southward,  and  enters  the  Solomon  River  in  Mitchell  oo. 

Oak  Creek,  Smith  co.,  Kansas.     See  Oak. 

Oak  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Oak  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Creek  township, 
Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Chicago  with  Milwaukee,  9  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
mill,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2206. 

Oak'dale,  a  post- village  of  btanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  34  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1012. 

Oakdale,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo..  Ill,,  about 
42  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  contains  a  church,  aa 
academy,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Oakdale,  a  post-office  of  Jennings  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Obie 
A  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  North  Vernon, 

Oak  Dale,  a  township  of  Howard  co,,  Iowa.   Pop.  255. 

Oak  Dale,  a  station  in  Norfolk  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Eastern  division  of  the  New  York  A  New  England  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Oakdale,  a  post-village  in  West  Boylston  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Worcester  A  Nashua  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  churoh,  and  manufao- 
tures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  Ac. 

Oakdale,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul,  Stillwater  A  Taylor  Falls  Railroad,  in  Oakdale 
township,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  679. 

Oak  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Mo. 

Oakdale,  a  post-village  of  Antelope  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  630. 

Oakdale,  a  post-office  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J. 

Oakdale,  New  York.    See  Oakdalb  Station. 

Oakdale,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
A  Michigan  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  OtUwa. 

Oak  Dale,  a  station  in  Dauphin  eo.,  Tiv.,  on  the  Sum- 
mit Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Millor.-burg. 

Oakdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  I'a.,  on  the 
West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Swarth- 
more  Station,  and  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphto 


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Oakdale^  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Oakdale,  a  post-oflBc©  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn. 

Oakdale,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va. 

Oakdale^  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad.  Pop.  710. 
Oakdale  Station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad  is  48  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Oakdale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  oc,  N.T., 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  48 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oakdale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  or  Pittsburg  <fc  Columbus  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nor- 
mal institute,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist-mill,  2  carriage- 
ehops,  a  hotel,  3  stores,  and  a  coal-mine.  It  ia  in  the  town- 
Bhips  of  North  and  South  Fayette. 

Oak'dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  oo.,  Ind.,  abont 
14  miles  N.N.B.  of  Evansville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Oakes,  Minnesota.     See  Oak  Station. 

Oak  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Brown  oo.,  Ind.,  abont  36 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Oak  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Tishemingo  oo..  Miss. 

Oak'field,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen- 
sacola  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Oakfield,  a  post-village  in  Oakfield  township,  Audu- 
bon CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  12  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Atlantic,  and  about  75  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has 
2  stores  and  a  Hour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  491. 

Oakfield,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.  Pop.  559. 
Oakfield  Post-Office  is  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Houlton. 

Oakfield,  a  township  of  Kent  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  1080. 
It  contains  Oakfield  Centre. 

Oakfield,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo..  Mo.,  on  or  near 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
6t.  Louis. 

Oakfield,  a  post-township  of  Oenesee  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1471.     Oakfield  Post-Office  is  at  Caryville. 

Oakfield,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from  Moxa- 
iiala  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  coal-mine. 

Oakfield,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashta- 
bula &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Warren. 

Oakfield,  H  station  in  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Chi- 
eago,  St.  Louis  &  New  Orleans  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
Jackson. 

Oakfield,  a  post-village  in  Oakfield  township,  Fond  da 
Lao  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lao.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour  and  window-blinds.    Pop.  of  township,  1421. 

Oakfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Oakfield  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  a  town 
hall,  a  fiouring-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Oak  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo..  Ark.,  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lewisburg.  Here  are  a  church  and  a 
steam  flour-mill. 

Oak  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Oak'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menard  oo.,  III.,  on  the 
Springfield  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.W.  of 
Springfield. 

Oakford,  Howard  co.,  Ind.    See  Fairfield. 

Oakford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  oo.,  Pa.,  about  18 
-  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Oak  For'est,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ark. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about 
96  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  oo.,  N.C.,  7  miles 
from  Statesville. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa.,io  Cen- 
tre township,  4i  miles  from  Waynesburg. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va. 

Oakfuskee,  3k'ffis-kee,  post-office,  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Oakfuskee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  into  Tallapoosa 
River  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Tallapoosa  co. 

Oak  Glen,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Cook  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  17 
miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Oak  Glen,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  5  miles  W.  of 
lonesville. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Oak  Grove,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
fiouth  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
fiorchester  A  Delaware  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Seaford. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post  hamlet  of  Santa  Rosa  oo.,  Fla.,  on 


Yellow  River,  40  miles  8.E.  of  Brewton,  Ala.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  oo.,  HI.,  aboa' 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomington. 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1239. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Hopkinsville. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  West  Carroll  parish,  La., 
35  miles  N.  of  Delhi.    It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  oo.,  Md., 
at  Flawrenceville. 

Oak  Grove,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  J  mile  N.  of  Maiden  Station. 

Oak  Grove,  or  Chemung'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  N.  of  Howell.  It  has  a 
church. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
283.  Oak  Grove  Post-Office  is  on  Rum  River,  about  25 
miles  N.  of  Minneapolis. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  1081. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Flemington.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  wagons. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  N.C.,  13  miles 
N.  of  Monroe. 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Wake  oo.,  N.O.  Pop.  2076. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  0. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Tenn. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  oo.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oak  Grove  township, 
Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Juneau,  and  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Madison.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  80.  The  township  con- 
tains Jnneau,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  1968. 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  899. 

Oak  Groves,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co.,  Neb. 

Oak  Hall,  a  hamlet  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in  College 
township,  11  miles  S.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a  foundry  and 
a  woollen -factory. 

Oak  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  oo.,  Va. 

Oakham,  or  Okeham,  5'kam,  a  town  of  England, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Rutland,  with  a  station  on  the  East 
Midland  Railway,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stamford.  It  is 
neatly  built,  and  has  a  fine  church,  a  grammar-school,  and 
an  old  castle.     Pop.  (1891)  10,919. 

Oak'ham,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  In 
Oakham  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester  City. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  873. 

Oak'ham,  or  Salmon  Creek  Settlement,  a  post- 
settlement  in  Queens  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  Washade- 
moak  River,  14  miles  from  Hampton.    Pop.  180. 

Oakhampton,  or  Okehampton,  ok-hamp'tpn,  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the  Ocke,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Exeter.  The  town  is  irregularly  built,  and  has 
ruins  of  a  castle  of  the  Earls  of  Devon.     Pop.  1900. 

Oak  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Ot- 
tawa CO.,  0.,  on  Portage  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Port  Clinton, 
and  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  wagons, 
lumber,  Siush,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1681. 

Oak  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Island  co.,  Washington, 
on  Puget  Sound,  60  miles  N.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  a  publio 
hall,  and  a  deep  and  secure  harbor. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Rosefield  township,  Pe- 
oria CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road (Galesburg  &  Peoria  division),  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Peoria. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Harrodsburg. 

Oak  Hill,  a  hamlet  in  Otisfield  township,  Cumberland 
CO.,  Me.,  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 

Oak  Hill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Oak  Hill,  or  Scar'borough  Beach,  a  post-hamlAt 


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2039 


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•.nd  watering-plact  in  Scarborough  township,  Cumberland 
30.,  Me.,  on  the  Atlintio  Ocean,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine 
and  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Portland  Railroads,  7  miles  S.AV. 
of  Portland.  It  contains  a  church  and  6  summer  hotels 
and  boarding-houses,  and  has  a  mineral  spring.  Here  is 
a  remarkable  promontory,  called  Prout's  Neck,  or  Libby's 
Neck,  also  good  bathing-ground.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Oak  Hill,  and  of  its  station  Scarborough  Beach. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  about  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  about  75 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  of  Oak  Hill  township,  707. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Durham  township,  Greene 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Catskill  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  25 
miles  AV.  of  Henderson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  2183, 

Oak  Hill,  or  Port'land,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson 
township,  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of 
the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  31  miles  E,N,E,  of 
Portsmouth,  It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  2  manufactories  of  fire-bricks,     P.  n890)  657. 

Oak' Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Little  Britain  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa,,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Wilmington,  Del, 
It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co,,  S,C,,  5  miles 
S,S,W.  of  Littleton  Station. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Overton  co,,  Tenn,,  9  miles 
S.W,  of  Livingston,     It  has  2  churches. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex,,  8  miles 
W,  of  Austin.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Oak  Hill,  a  small  post-village  of  Fayette  oo,,  W.  Va,, 
6  miles  S,W,  of  Fayetteville,     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis,, 
about  28  miles  N.E,  of  Janesville. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-settlement  in  Charlotte  co,,  New 
Brunswick,  11  miles  from  St,  Stephen.     Pop,  300, 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co,,  Ontario,  7 
miles  W.  of  Coboconk,     Pop.  100. 

Oak  Hill  Land'ing,  a  station  of  the  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Catskill,  N.Y, 

Oak'ington,  a  village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.     Pop.  158. 

Oak  Island,  a  station  in  Suffolk  co,,  Mass,,  on  Revere 
Beach,  and  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad, 
5i  miles  N,E,  of  Boston. 

Oak  Island,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey  (Newark  &  Elizabeth  Branch),  4  miles  S.  of  Newark. 

Oak  Lake,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  339, 

Oakland,  ok'land,  a  county  in  the  S,E.  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Clinton  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  several  affluents  or 
branches  of  the  Flint  and  Shiawassee  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  partly  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous  small 
lakes  of  pure  water.  Nearly  one-fourth  of  the  area  is  cov- 
ered with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  beech, 
elm,  Ac,  are  found.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products  of  this  county,  in  all  of  which  it  holds  a  leading 
rank  among  the  counties  of  the  state.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  the  Flint 
.<fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
the  Pontiac,  Oxford  &  Northern  Railroad,  the  Detroit,  Lan- 
ding &  Northern  Railroad,  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  &  North 
Michigan  Railroad,  and  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Pontiac.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,867;  in  1880,  41,537; 
in  1890,  41,245. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala,,  8  miles 
N,W.  of  Florence. 

Oakland,  a  hamlet  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark,,  about  75 
miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock, 

Oakland,  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal., 
is  j)leasantly  situated  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  San 
Francisco,  7  miles  E,  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco.  It  is 
connected  with  Sacramento  by  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  is  133  miles  S.W,  of  that  capital.  It  has  a 
healthy  and  pleasant  climate.  It  was  the  original  seat  of 
the  University  of  California,  which  has  been  removed  to 
Berkeley,  about  4  miles  distant.  Large  steam  ferry-boata 
ply  frequently  between  Oakland  and  San  Francisco.  The 
city  is  well  lighted,  and  has  wide,  well-paved  streets.  It 
contains  16  churches,  the  California  Military  Academy,  the 
Golden  Gate  Academy,  a  convent,  a  high  school,  the  Female 
College  of  the  Pacific,  the  Pacific  Theological  Seminary 
(Congregational),  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and 
blind,  a  court-house  which  cost  $200,000,  2  national  gold 
banks,  2  lavings-banks,  first-class  hotels,  and  numerous  ele- 


gant and  expensive  dwellings.  Three  daily  biH  4  wmIcIj 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  streets  are  provided 
by  nature  with  a  profusion  of  majestic  live-oaks,  which  mn 
covered  with  foliage  all^the  year  round.  The  supply  of  water 
comes  from  numerous  streams  and  springs  io  toe  adjacent 
hills,  and  is  pure  and  inexhaustible.  The  environs  are 
adorned  with  gardens,  vineyards,  and  beautifnl  scenery 
and  drives,  Oakland  has  a  good  harbor,  and  great  adran- 
tages  for  a  commercial  city.  It  has  4  horse-railroads,  8 
flouring-mills,  3  planing-mills,  2  potteries,  a  braas-fonndry, 
3  tanneries,  a  jute-bag-factory,  Ac.  This  town  waa  taeor- 
porated  in  1862.  Pop,  in  1860,  1643;  in  1S70,  10,600;  in 
1880,  .34,555;  in  1890,  48,682, 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  co.,  On. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  in  East  Oakland  township. 
Coles  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles 
E.  of  Areola,  and  18  miles  W.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  3  churches,  2  drug-stores,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  900, 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co..  Ill,     Pop.  1020. 

Oakland,  a  station  of  Marion  co,,  Ind,,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  14  miles  E,N,B. 
of  Indianapolis.     Here  is  Oaklandon  Post-Office. 

Oakland,  a  station  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind,,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, Now  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Oreen 
Castle. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gra«8  township,  Spenoer 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Evansville, 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Franklin  co,,  Iowa.    Pop.  429. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  662. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas.    Pop.  161. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  60  miles 
S.  of  Hastings,  Neb, 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Oakland,  Warren  co.,  Ky.    See  Oakland  Statiim. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish,  La, 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co,,  Md,,  on  the  West- 
ern Maryland  Railroad,  6  miles  N,W,  of  the  initial  station 
in  Baltimore. 

Oakland,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Patapsco  River,  20  miles  N.W,  of  Baltimore 
It  has  a  woollen-factory  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop,  160, 

Oakland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Garrett  co,,  Md,,  oa 
the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  64  miles  W.S.W,  of  Cumberland,  and  26  miles  W, 
of  Piedmont.  It  is  about  2700  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It 
is  near  the  meadows  or  plateaus  called  the  Glades,  and  it 
surrounded  with  beautiful  mountain- scenery.  It  if  a  favor- 
ite summer  resort  of  the  Baltimoreans,  and  has  6  churches, 
5  hotels,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  wool, 
flour,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1046. 

Oakland,  a  post-township  of  Oakland  oo,,  Mich.,  abont 
10  miles  N.E,  of  Pontiac,  and  30  miles  N,  by  W,of  Detroit 
Pop.  972. 

Oakland,  a  post- village  of  Freeborn  oo.,  Minn.,  on  tne 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Albc^  Lea- 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Oakland  township,  626. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Yalabusha  oo.,  Miss.,  oa 
the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  22  miles  N,  of  Gren- 
ada. It  contains  the  Oakland  Female  College  and  2 
churches.  About  6000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here 
annually. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.,  on  or  near 
the  Gasconade  River,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
a  church. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  oo..  Mo.,  oo  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Burt  co„  Neb.,  Is  near 
Logan  Creek,  12  miles  E.  of  West  Point,  It  has  a  flooring- 
mill, 

Oakland,  a  poet-village  in  Franklin  township,  Bargaa 
CO,,  N.J,,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  and  ontha 
Ramapo  River,  11  miles  N,N.W.  of  Patersoa.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  wooden  typea, 
carriages,  flour,  Ac. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Salem  oo.,  N.J,,  on  the  Wert 
Jersey  Railroad  (Salem  Branch),  7  miles  E,  of  Salem. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  in  Portage  township,  Living- 
Bton  00,,  N.Y,,  about  46  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  It  Is 
li  miles  from  Nunda  Sution,  It  has  8  ohurobea,  a  floor- 
mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Oakland,  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Oakland  Vall«t. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.O.    Pop.  IMS. 

Oakland,  a  post-oflioe  of  Halifax  oo.,  N.C 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Chester  township,  ClIntoB 
CO,,  0.,  8  miles  from  Ogden  Station,  and  abont  44  miles  N.l 
of  Cincinnati. 


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Oakland,  a  village  in  Clear  Creek  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbus.  Pop,  152. 
Here  is  Clear  Creek  Post-OfiBce. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Calapooya  Creek,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California  B^ilroad, 
I2S  miles  S.  of  Salem,  and  19  miles  N.  of  Eoseburg.  It 
has  several  stores,  a  flouring-mill,  &o. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in  Ma- 
honing township,  on  Red  Bank  Creek,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Kittanning,  and  3  miles  from  Kew  Bethlehem.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  926. 

Oakland  (West  Whiteland  Post-Oflace),  Chester  co.. 
Pa.,  is  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  and  Chester  Valley 
Railroads,  28  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  marble- 
quarry. 

Oakland,  Mercer  co.,  Pa.    See  Five  Points. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Monroe  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Stroudsburg. 

Oakland,  township,  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1106. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1082. 

Oakland,  a  village  in  Burrillville  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  satinet-warp-fao- 
tory,  and  a  Friends'  meeting-house.     Pop.  152. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  ohorches  and 
several  business  houses. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Robertson  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Nashville. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Colorado  oo.,  Tex.,  about 
75  miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  oo.,  Va. 

Oakland,  a  post-village,  formerly  the  capital  of  Mason 
CO.,  Washington,  on  an  inlet  of  Puget  Sound,  about  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Olympia. 

Oakland,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  W.  Ya.,  16  miles  S. 
of  Sir  John's  Run.     It  has  a  church. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oakland  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Wis.,  about  25  miles  E.3.E.  of  Madison.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1086. 

Oak'land,  a  post-village  in  Brant  oo.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Brantford.  It  contains  several  stores,  a 
saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  200. 

Oakland,  a  settlement  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Sootia,  2 
miles  from  Newport  Landing.     Pop.  130. 

Oakland,  a  settlement  in  Lunenburg  oo.,  Nova  Sootia, 
2  miles  from  Mahone  Bay.     Pop.  350. 

Oakland  City,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township, 
Gibson  oo.,  Ind.,  14  miles  E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  abounds 
hei*.     Pop.  in  1890,  1524. 

Oakland  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
Skunk  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ey., 
6  miles  E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  whisky-distillery  and 
about  12  houses. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Mifflintown,  and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of 
Harrisburg.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Oaklandon,  Marion  co.,  Ind.    See  Oakland. 

Oakland  Station,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Oakland  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of 'Franklin  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Iowa  River,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Oakland  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Monticello  &  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  at  Oakland  Sta- 
tion, 13  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  quarry  of  bluestone. 

Oak  Lane,  a  station  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Oak  Lawn,  a  post-village  in  Cranston  township,  Prov- 
idence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  BAilroad, 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  76. 

Oak  Lawn,  township,  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  995. 

Oak  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rome,  Ga.  It  has  an  academy  and  4 
churches. 


Oak  Level,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Oak  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  on 
Smith's  River,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  » 
church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Oak'ley,  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Fife  and  Perth, 
6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dunfermline.  It  has  coal-mines  and 
iron-works.     Pop.  1127. 

Oak'ley,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  16  miles  above  Arkansas  Post. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Oakley,  or  Green  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry 
CO.,  111.,  on  Green  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Geneseo.  It  has  a  churnb 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Oakley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oakley  township,  Macon  oo., 
HI.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Decatur.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1137. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  parish.  La.,  on  th* 
Tensas  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Monroe. 

Oakley,  a  post-village  in  Brady  township,  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lansing,  and  10  miles  N.  of 
Owosso.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  stave-factory, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Oakley,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Hamilton 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Cincinnati.    It  has  a  church. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawamna  &  Western  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of 
Soranton. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Oakley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  6  miles  S.  of 
Juda  Station,  and  about  36  miles  S.  of  Madison.  It  has  • 
church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Oakley  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  oo.,  S.C,  on 
the  Northea£tern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Oak  Lodge,  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  has 
a  church,  a  school,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Oak  Lone,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  from  Cross  Plains.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Oak  Mills,  or  Port  Williams,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Atchison  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  about  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Leav- 
enworth.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Oakmulgce,  5k-mai'ghee,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo., 
Ala.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Randolph  Station. 

Oakmulgee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  into  Cahawba 
River  about  12  miles  N.  of  Cahawba. 

Oakohay,  Ok-o-hSl',  a  post-office  of  Covington  co..  Miss. 

Oak  Or'chard,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Oak  Orchard,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Oak  Orchard  Creek,  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  d'c.    See  also  Manila. 

Oak  Orchard  Creek,  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York, 
rises  in  Genesee  co.,  flows  through  Orleans  co.,  and  falls 
into  Lake  Ontario  about  10  miles  N.  of  Albion. 

Oak  Park,  a  post-village  in  Cicero  township.  Cook  co., 
111.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  public  halls,  and  many  fine  residences.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1SS8;  in  1890,4771. 

Oak  Park,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  on 
Robinson  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Rapidan  Station.  It  has 
several  churches,  the  Oak  Park  Female  Seminary,  &o. 

Oak  Park,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, 3  miles  from  Barrington.     Pop.  130. 

Oak^plain',  a  station  in  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Vandalia  <k  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  12i  miles  W.  of 
Indianapolis. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  HI.,  about  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Oak  Point,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  5  miles  W.  of  Hammond  Station. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-village  of  Cowlitz  co.,  AVashington, 
on  the  Columbia  River,  23  miles  below  Kalama.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  a  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  about  125. 

Oak  Point,  a  post- village  in  the  district  of  Marquette, 
Manitoba,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Manitoba,  30  miles  from 
Fort  Garry.  It  contains  about  20  houses  and  a  trading- 
post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.  ^ 

Oak  Point,  a  post-settlement  in  Northumberland    ' 


1 


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2041 


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New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Miramiohi,  13  miles 
from  Chatham,     Pop.  100. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-village  and  river-port  in  Kings  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  25  miles  from  St. 
John.     Pop.  250. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-offioe  of  JefiFerson  co.,  Ala. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  oo.,  Qa., 
*bout  66  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  charoh. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Menard  oo..  111. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  about  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Independence. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish,  La.,  11 
<niles  N.  of  Girard  Station.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  about 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  "Winona. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post- village  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo.,  Mo., 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Marble  Hill,  and  about  100  miles  S.S.E. 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
West  Millord  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York  City.    It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
\2  miles  S.  of  Fonda. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Guilford 
CO.,  N.C.,  about  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  the 
Oak  Ridge  Institute,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  1022. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  HancocK  co.,  0. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  24 
miles  from  Gallatin.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
«aw-mill. 

Oak  Run,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Oak  Run,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  456. 

Oak  Run,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va. 

Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 

Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Per- 
fciomen  Railroad,  1^  miles  N.  of  Perkiomen  Junction. 

Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Sauk  oo.,  Wis. 

Oak's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Phelps  township, 
Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Auburn,  and  4i  miles  N. 
•f  Geneva.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Oak  Shade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Toledo. 

Oak  Shade,  a  hamlet  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa.,  8  miles  from 
Oessna.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Shade,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  about  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Oak  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Va. 

Oak  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  about  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Oak  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C. 

Oak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Anoka  oo.,  Minn. 

Oak  Station,  a  post-offioe  of  Stearns  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Melrose. 

Oaks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  township,  Otsego 
«o.,  N.Y.,  on  the  outlet  of  Schuyler  Lake,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Cooperstown.     It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Oak-Ta-Ha,  a  station  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroad,  13^  miles  S.  of  Muscogee,  Indian  Terri- 
tory. 

Oakthorpe,  ok'thorp,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of 
Derby,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.     Pop.  694. 

Oaktibbeha,  Mississippi.    See  Oktibbeha. 

Oaktown,  Pulaski  co.,  111.    See  Kerr's  Mills. 

Oak  Town,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  14^  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Vincennes.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  200. 

Oaktuppa  (ok-tQp'pa)  Creek,  Alabama,  flows  through 
Washington  co.,  and  enters  Tombigbee  River  from  the  right. 

Oak  Yale,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Miss. 

Oak'vaie,  a  post-office  of  Coleman  co.,  Tex. 

Oak  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

Oak  Valley,  a  post-offioe  of  Hill  co.,  Tex. 

Oak'vilie,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala. 

Oakville,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 

Oakville,  a  post-office  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cali- 
tornia  Pacific  Railroad,  62  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Oakville,  a  post-village  in  Watertown  township,  New 
Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Naugatuck  Railroad, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Waterbury. 

Oakville,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  oo.,  Ind. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md.,  about 
42  miles  S,  by  W.  of  Annapolis. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  in  London  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  34  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2 
churches. 

129 


Oakville,  a  post-offioe  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.C,  4^  mil« 
N.  of  Maoon  Depot  It  has  an  aeadamy,  2  steam  mw. 
mills,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  oo.,  Oregon,  is  tbo 
Willamette  Valley,  5  miles  W.  of  Tangent  SUtion.  It  baa 
a  church. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newton  township.  Camber* 
land  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  l&i  miUi 
S.W.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church  and  8  grain-warvbonsM. 

Oakville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tnin.,  H  mil« 
from  White's  Station,  which  is  9  miles  K  of  Mmnphia.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Oakville,  a  post-village,  oapitel  of  Lire  Oak  oo.,  Tox^ 
1  mile  from  the  Rio  Nueces,  and  about  90  mile*  8.  by  B  of 
San  Antonio.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  seTeral  Md- 
phur  springs.     Pop.  in  1890,  329. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  oo.,  Va.,  about 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  near  it  2  ohnrches. 

Oakville,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  oo.,  Washington. 

Oakville,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario, 
Halton  CO.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  outlet  of  Sixteen  Mil* 
Creek,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  22  miles  8.8. W.  of 
Toronto.  It  has  5  churches,  several  hotels,  mills,  and  fae- 
tories,  ship-building  yards,  and  a  newspaper  office.  P.  1684. 

Oakville,  Quebec.    See  Mountjot. 

Oak'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ooonee  oo.,  S.C.,  8  miles 
S.  by  W,  of  Seneca. 

Oak' well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  oo.,  Ga.,  on  St. 
Mary's  River,  15  miles  W.  of  St.  Mary's. 

Oakwood,  Pulaski  co.,  HI.    See  Kerr's  Mills. 

Oak'wood,  a  post-office  in  Oakwood  township,  Ver- 
milion CO.,  HI.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  t  Western 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Danville.  The  township  has  3 
churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2364.     Coal  is  found  in  it 

Oakwood,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  i,  Chicago  Railroad,  6^  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Michigan  City. 

Oakwood,  a  station  in  Polk  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk 
&  Des  Moines  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott     It  has  a  mill. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md.,  near  the 
Susquehanna,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Oakwood,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  about 
44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and  a  foun- 
dry.    It  is  2  miles  from  Thomas  Railroad  SUtion.    P.  150. 

Oakwood,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Minn.     P.  890. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brown  township,  Pauld- 
ing CO.,  0.,  near  the  Auglaize  River,  17  miles  8.  of  Defi- 
ance.    It  has  a  church. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Tenn.,  A 
miles  N.  of  Corbandale  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oakwood,  a  post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Palestine.     It  has  a  church.     Cotton  is  shipped  here.  ^ 

Oakwood,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  Va.,  7 
miles  from  Cowan's  Depot     It  has  a  church. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  wm 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  8t  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  8. 
of  Milwaukee. 

Oakwood,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo.,  Ontario,  • 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lindsay.  It  contains  a  paper-mill,  i 
hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Oak'woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  H 
miles  from  Ewing  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  mill. 

Oakwood  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Keokuk  A  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  5  miles  B.  of 
Des  Moines. 

Oaky  (6k'«)  Streak,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ala., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Oamarn,  o-4m'i-roo',  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  South  Island,  85  miles  by  rail  8.  by  W.  of 
Timaru.  It  is  handsomely  built,  has  a  fine  oourt-hoose,  a 
concrete  breakwater  for  shipping,  a  hospiUl,  and  quarries 
of  excellent  stone,  and  is  a  sea-bathing  resort  and  a  plaos 
of  active  trade.     Pop.  5000, 

Oanna,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Prixo  or  Wauh  Islako. 

Oaracta,  the  ancient  name  of  Kisbm. 

Oasis,  o'»-sis  oro-i'sis  (Arab.  Wok,  w&;  Or.  O^w),  a 
word  signifying  "  a  fertile  tract  surrounded  by  a  desert" 
but  applied  especially  to  those  in  the  Libyan  desert  under 
the  Egyptian  dominion ;  the  Great  Oiwis  being  120  ib^ 
W.  of  Thebes,  the  Western  Oasis  40  miles  farther  W.,  aai 
the  Lesser  Oasis  100  miles  S.W.  of  Fayoom. 

Oasis t  8-ft'sis,  a  post-offioe  of  Inyo  oo.,  Cai. 


\jV4/^  VAAvv1rv^MA^;^ 


OAS 


2042 


OBE 


Oasis,  a  post-Tillage  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  1;  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  8.S.E. 
of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Iowa  City.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  depot  for  grain. 

Oatafn,  South  Pacific.     See  Dcs:e  of  Yobk. 

Oates  (ots)  Islaud,  a  post-ofSoe  of  Marion  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Oatlands,  ot'lanz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  oo.,  Va., 
about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Oaxaca,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Oajaca. 

Ob,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Obi. 

Obabika,  o-ba'be-kah,  a  river  of  Ontario,  Canada, 
having  its  source  in  Lake  Lurline,  on  the  Arctic  divide,  in 
about  lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  87°  30'  W.  It  flows  in  a  general 
S.W.  direction,  forming  in  its  course  a  series  of  lakes, 
known  as  Kabimitchiga,  Wetmore,  Wenonah,  and  Dagmar, 
and  enters  Lake  Nipigon  from  the  N.  Length  of  river 
and  lakes  about  50  miles.  They  were  explored  in  1894 
by  Major  William  Baerum  Wetmore,  U.S.A.,  who  regards 
Lake  Lurline  as  the  true  source  of  the  great  lake  system 
of  the  inland  waters  of  North  America. 

O'baUy  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  on 
Oban  Bay,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Inverary.  It  is  a  railway 
terminus,  and  has  manufactures  of  silk  and  of  straw  hats, 
and  exports  pig-iron,  whisky,  wool,  fish,  kelp,  and  slates. 
Pop.  2413. 

O'ban,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 

O'ban,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  oo.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Mandamin.     Pop.  175. 

O'Ban'non,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Jefferson 
00.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  14  miles 
E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  an  academy  and  several  churches. 

Obanos,  o-s&'noce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1317. 

Obbia,  the  ancient  name  of  Tbrranova. 

Obdorsk,  ob-doRsk',  or  Obdorskoi,  ob-doB-skoi',  a 
station  in  Tobolsk,  Siberia,  on  the  Obi,  near  its  month. 
Lat.  66°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  20'  E. 

Obdorsk  Mountains.    See  Ural  MouNTAiirs. 

Obe,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Obi. 

O  Becse,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Beose. 

Obed's,  or  Obey's,  Tennessee.    See  Obik's  Rivbr. 

Obeid,  o-bM'  or  o-bi'eed,  called  also  ENObeid,  or 
ANObeid,  the  capital  town  of  Kordofan,  in  Africa,  240 
miles  S.W.  of  Sennaar.  Lat.  13°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  8'  E. 
Estimated  pop.  30,000.  There  are  5  mosques,  barracks,  a 
hospital,  governor's  residence,  and  a  market-place.  Water 
sometimes  is  very  scarce,  the  wells  being  nearly  100  feet 
deep.  The  exports  comprise  gold,  silver,  hides,  ivory,  gum 
arabic,  oil,  and  slaves. 

Ober,  o'b^r  (i.e.,  "  upper"),  a  prefix  to  the  names  of 
numerous  places  in  Germany,  as  Ober-Qlooad  ;  for  those 
not  undermentioned,  see  additional  name. 

Ober- Achern,  D'h^r-^'K^m,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Aohem.     Pop.  1068. 

Oberalp,  o'b^r-ilp^  a  pass  and  small  lake  of  Switzer- 
land, at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  canton  of  Uri. 

O^ber-Bre'men,  a  village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Ger- 
man township,  near  the  Miami  Canal,  about  54  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Dayton.     Pop.  423.    See  also  New  Bremen. 

O'ber-Bii'ren,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Glatt.     Pop.  1627. 

Ober-Oiesbach,  o'b^r-dees'b&K,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, 11  miles  S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  of  parish,  5915. 

Oberdorf,  o'b^r-doRr,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
87  miles  N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1201. 

Ober>Diirnten,  Switzerland.    See  DtTRNTEN. 

Ober-£hnheim,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Ehnreiu. 

Ober-Elchingen,  Bavaria.    See  Elchinobn. 

Ober-Fldrsheim,  Germany.    See  Florsheih. 

Ober-Friedeberg,  Germany.    See  Friedbbero. 

Obergestelen,  o'b^r-ghfis'ti-l^n,  and  Oberwald, 
o'b§r-^41t\  the  two  highest  villages  in  the  valley  of  the 
Rhone,  Upper  Valais,  Switzerland;  the  former  4360  feet 
above  the  sea.     Pop.  253  and  274. 

Ober-Gtinzburg,  Germany.    See  GttKZBURO. 

Ober-Hansdorf,  Prussia.    See  Hansdobf. 

Ober-Hasli,  Switzerland.    See  Hasli. 

Oberhausen,  o'b^r-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
the  Rhine,  and  on  a  railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ettenheim. 
Pop.  2397. 

Oberhausen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Essen.  It  has  coal- 
mines, furnaces,  potteries,  and  machine-shops.  Pop.  of 
oommune,  15,476. 

Oberhellyen,  the  German  name  of  Udvarhelt. 


Ober-Hessen,  o'b^r-hSs's^n  (i.e.,  "Upper  Hesse"), 
the  northeastern  province  of  Hesse,  Germany.  Area,  1270 
square  miles.     Pop.  254,036. 

Ober-Hollabrunn,  o'b^r-hSl'li-brSSn,  a  town  of 
Lower  Austria,  28  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Vienna.     P.  2223, 

Ober-Kanfungen,  o'b^r-kow'fSSng'^n,  a  town  of 
Hesse,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  2120. 

Oberkirch,  o'b?r-kg6RK\  a  town  of  Baden,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  2705. 

Oberlaa,  o'b?r-l&,  a  town  of  Austria,  a  few  miles  E. 
of  Vienna.     Pop.  3087. 

O'berland  (Ger.  pron.  o'b^r-lint^  the  "  Upper  Coun- 
try"), in  Switzerland,  comprises  all  the  canton  of  Bern  S. 
of  the  Lake  of  Thun,  with  adjacent  parts  of  Unterwalden 
and  Uri.  In  a  more  restricted  sense  it  is  applied  to  the 
valleys  of  Hasli,  Grindenwald,  and  Lauterbrunncn. 

O'berlin,  a  post- village  of  Kansas,  capital  of  Decatur 
CO.,  is  situated  on  Sappa  Creek,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Re- 
publican Valley  Railroad,  160  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings,  Neb. 
It  has  several  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  number  of 
stores,  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Oberlin,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Russia 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  22  miles  E.  of 
Norwalk.  It  is  the  seat  of  Oberlin  College  (Congrega- 
tional), which  was  organized  in  1833  and  is  open  to  both 
sexes.  Connected  with  this  institution  is  a  theological 
seminary  (for  which  a  fine  brick  building  was  erected  in 
1874),  and  a  conservatory  of  music,  with  a  fine  three-story 
stone  bailding.  The  other  buildings  of  the  college  embrace 
5  substantial  stone  and  6  brick  structures.  This  college 
has  a  library  of  about  30,000  volumes ;  average  number  of 
students,  about  1800.  Oberlin  contains  6  churches,  3  hand- 
some union  school-houses,  a  national  bank,  an  independent 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop,  a  carriage-fac- 
tory, saw-,  planing-,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  4376. 

Obermorlen,  o'bfr-mSRM^n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
Ober-Hessen,  16  miles  S.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1830. 

Obernai,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Ehnheim. 

Obernberg,  o'b^rn-biRO^  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,^ 
on  the  Inn,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ried.     Pop.  1755. 

Obernburg,  o'b^rn-bdSRO^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  1708. 

Oberndorf,  o'b§rn-doRr,  a  town  of  Wiirteuiberg,  on 
the  Neckar,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2544. 

Oberneunkirchen,  Prussia.    See  Neunkirchbm. 

Obernik,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Obornik. 

Obernkirchen,  o'bQrn-kSSRK^^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,, 
9  miles  E.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2754. 

Obernzell,  a  village  of  Bavaria.     See  Hafmbrzeli. 

Ober-Oderwitz,  Sa.\ony.     See  Oderwitz. 

Oberpahlen,  o'b^r-piM^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livo- 
nia, 52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pernau. 

Oberpfalz,  o'b^r-f&lts,  or  Upper  Pal'atinate  (Fr. 
Baut-Palatinat,  0-p&M&^tee^n&'),  a  district  in  the  E.  of 
Bavaria,  bounded  E.  by  Bohemia.  Area,  3717  square  miles. 
Capital,  Ratisbon.     Pop.  503,761. 

Oberrad,  o'b^r-R&t^  a  village  of  Prussia,  near  Frank 
fort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  4609. 

Oberried,  o'b^r-Reet^  a  parish  of  Switzerland,  cantoa 
of  St.  Gall,  4  miles  S.  of  Altstatten.     Pop.  3916. 

Oberrieden,  o'b^R-ReeM^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
in  Zurich,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich. 

Ober- Setters,  o'b^r-sfil't^rs,  a  village  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Nassau,  li  miles  S.  of  Nieder-Selters. 

Obersitzko,  o^b^r-sits'ko,  written  also  ObersitskOy 
Obersycko,  and  Oberzyko,  a  town  of  Prussia,  29 
miles  N.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1640. 

Oberstdorf,  o'b^rst-doRr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
nier,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lindau.     Pop.  1749. 

Oberstein,  o'b§r-stine\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Olden  • 
burg,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Birkenfeld.     Pop.  4327. 

Oberstenfeld,  o'b?r-st4n'f4lt,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circle  of  Neckar,  S.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1153. 

Obertyn,  o-b§r-teen',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  4299. 

Ober-Ursel,  o'b§r-65r's§l,  a  town  of  Hesse-Nassau,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  3702. 

Ober-Vatz,  o'b^r-vits,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Grisons,  near  the  Rhine,  11  miles  S.  of  Chur. 

Oberweil,  or  Oberwyl,  o'b^r-^^ir,  several  places  of 
Switzerland,  particularly  a  village  and  parish,  canton  and 
20  miles  S.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1287. 

Oberwei8sbach,o'b9r-^s^b&E,  a  village  of  Schwan 
burg-Rudolstadt,  near  Rudolstadt.     Pop.  1859. 

Oberwesel,  o'b^r-'^i^s?!,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2580. 


OBE 


d04S 


UCE 


Obenriesenthal,  o'bgr-^ee'z^n-t&r,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 31  miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  1980. 

Oberwinter,  o'b^r-^inH^r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Rhine,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bonn.     Pop.  1300. 

Oberwinterthur,  o^b^r-^in't^r-tooR^  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  2287. 

Ober-Zeyring,  Austria.    See  Zetrino. 

O  Bessenova,  o  b5sh^sh4'no'v6h\  a  market-town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the  Aranka,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Szent-Miklos  (Nagy).     Pop.  7099. 

Obi,  Oby,  Obe,  o'bee,  or  Ob,  ob,  one  of  the  great 
rivers  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Tomsk  and  Tobolsk.  It 
rises  by  two  principal  sources  in  the  Little  Altai,  near  lat. 
61°  N.,  Ion.  89°  E.,  flows  tortuously  N.W.  to  Samarova,  and 
thence  generally  N.,  in  a  double  channel,  to  the  Gulf  of 
Obi,  which  it  enters  near  lat.  67°  N.,  Ion.  72°  E.,  after  a 
total  course  of  2000  miles.  Tributaries,  the  Irtish,  with 
the  Tobol  and  Ishim,  the  Tom,  and  the  Choolim.  Its  basin 
is  situated  between  that  of  the  Yenisei  and  the  Ural  Moun- 
tains.    See  Gulf  of  Obi. 

Obidos,  o-bee'doce,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  Es- 
tremadura,  45  miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3185. 

Obidos,  o-bee'doce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Par&, 
on  the  Amazon.  Lon.  55°  18'  W.  Here  the  river  is  nar- 
rowed in  the  Strait  of  Pauxis  to  about  1  mile  across.  It 
has  some  trade  in  cotton  and  cacao.     Pop.  2000. 

Obie's  (o'beez)  River,  sometimes  written  O'bed's  or 
O 'bey's,  of  the  N".  part  of  Tennessee,  rises  in  Fentress 
CO.,  among  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and,  flowing  north- 
westward, enters  Cumberland  River  at  Celina.  It  is  navi- 
gable by  steamboats  60  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  its  whole 
length  is  probably  above  100  miles.  In  the  upper  part  of 
its  course  it  passes  through  a  deep  out  in  the  mountain,  and 
is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery. 

Obila,  the  ancient  name  of  Ayila. 

O'bin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  14  miles  from 
Bryant  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Obion,  o'be-on,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Obion  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Reelfoot 
Lake.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  beech,  ash,  cypress,  gum,  hickory, 
oak,  tulip-tree,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cot- 
ton, wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Nashville,  Chat- 
tanooga &  St.  Louis,  Illinois  Centra),  and  Newport  News 
&  Mississippi  Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  in 
1870,  15,584;  in  1880,  22,912;  in  1890,  27,273. 

Obion,  a  post-village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pa- 
ducah  (fc  Memphis  Railroad,  74  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paduoah. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Obion  River,  Tennessee,  is  formed  by  the  North, 
South,  and  Rutherford  Forks,  which  unite  in  Obion  co.  It 
runs  southwestward  through  Dyer  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  about  15  miles  W.  of  Dyersburg.  The  main 
stream,  below  the  junction  of  the  forks,  is  nearly  70  miles 
long,  and  each  of  the  forks  is  about  as  long  as  the  Obion 
itself.  The  North  Fork  rises  in  Henry  co.,  and  runs  west- 
ward through  Weakley  co.  The  South  Fork  drains  parts 
of  Carroll  and  Weakley  cos.  The  other  fork  runs  northwest- 
ward through  Gibson  co. 

Obispo,  o-bees'po,  a  small  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Pa- 
nama, joins  the  Chagres  near  Cruces. 

Obitoshnei,  or  Obitochnej.    See  Nooaisk. 

Obligado,  o-ble-g4'do,  a  village  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, on  the  river  Parana,  near  Buenos  Ayres. 

Obliga'tion,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Ob'long,  a  post-village  in  Oblong  township,  Crawford 
CO.,  111.,  9  miles  W.  of  Robinson.  It  has  2  ohurches  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1885. 

Obol,  o-bol',  a  river  of  Russia,  in  the  government  of 
Vitebsk,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  76  miles. 
Joins  the  Diina  12  miles  above  Polotzk. 

Obookhov,  Obonkhov,  or  Obuchow,  o-boo-Kov', 
a  town  of  Russia,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  2000. 

Obornik,  o'b9r-nik\  Obernik,  o'b^r-nik^  or  Obor- 
uiki,  o-bor-nee'kee,  a  town  of  Prussia,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Posen,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  2396. 

Oboyan,  Oboian,or  Obojan,  o-bo-yin',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  32  miles  S.  of  Koorsk,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Oboyanka  and  Psiol.  Pop.  6322.  It  was 
founded  in  1650  as  a  bulwark  against  the  Grim  Tartars,  and 
has  several  churches,  schools,  and  charitable  institutions, 
with  a  brisk  trade. 

Obra,  ob'ri,  a  river  of  Prussian  Poland,  rises  near  Kos- 
min,  flows  W.  and  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Warta  a  little  W. 
of  Schwerin.     Length,  130  miles. 


Obr^jillo,  or  Obraxilio,  o-Bri-Heel'yo,  a  town  of 
Peru,  department  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Lima.  It  eoDfi«u 
of  about  100  cottages,  enclosed  by  gardeni. 

O'Bri'en,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  haa  as 
area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  LiUle  Sioux 
River,  which  flows  through  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  parU  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  Tb« 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  maize,  and  grass  are  the  itapie*. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  iBt. 
Paul,  Chicago  A  Northwestern,  Illinois  Central,  and  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <k  Omaha  Kailroaiin.  Capital, 
Primghar.  Pop.  in  1870,  715;  in  1880,  4156;  In  1890, 13,0f.(). 

O'Brien,  a  post-village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  near  the 
Little  Sioux,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

O'Brien  Islands,  South  Shetland,  South  Atlantie 
Ocean,  are  in  lat.  61°  32'  S.,  lon.  55°  22'  W. 

O'Brien's  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clar«, 
on  the  Shannon,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kilaloe. 

Obringa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Aar. 

Obris,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Orb. 

Obrowitz,  o'bro-*it8\  a  village  of  Moravia,  one  of  the 
suburbs  of  Briinn.     Pop.  1050. 

Obscha,  ob'shi,  or  Mega,  mi'gi,  a  river  of  RoMia, 
rises  in  Smolensk,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Dwina  20  milef 
above  Velizh.     Length,  80  miles. 

Observatzii,  ob-sSr-vit'see,  a  cape  of  East  Asia,  Gulf 
of  Anadeer.     Lat.  64°  47'  68"  N. ;  lon.  177°  39'  65'  E. 

Obuchow,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Obookhoy. 

Obnlco,  the  ancient  name  of  Porcuna. 

Obva,  Obwa,  ob'vi,  or  Obvinsk,  ob-rinsk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  67  miles  N.W.  of  Perm,  on  th« 
Obva,  an  affluent  of  the  Kama.     Pop.  6212. 

Oby,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Obi. 

Oby,  o'bee,  written  also  Ubi,  a  small  island  in  the  Quit 
of  Siam,  15  miles  S.  of  Cambodia  Point.  Lat.  8°  25'  N.; 
lon.  104°  64'  E. 

Oby,  sometimes  called  False  Oby,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Siam,  48  miles  N.  of  the  above,  lat.  8°  56'  N.,  Ion. 
104°  38'  E.,  about  18  miles  from  the  mainland. 

Oby,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands  of  Pitt's  Passage, 
Malay  Archipelago.     Lat.  1°  26'  S.;  lon.  127°  17'  B. 

Ocala,  o-k3,'l&,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital 
of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  130  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Jackson- 
ville, and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Palatka.  It  has  graded  scliools, 
5  newspaper  ofiices,  several  churches,  and  numerous  bu.->i- 
ness  establishments.     Pop.  in  1890,  2904. 

Ocafia,  o-kkn'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30 
miles  E.  of  Toledo.  Lat.  39°  56'  N. ;  lon.  3°  31'  W.  Pop. 
6500.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  hospital,  barracks,  and  a  Roman  aqueduct. 

Ocafia,  o-kin'yi,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Magdalena,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Pamplona. 
It  has  a  copper-mine.     Pop.  5000. 

Ocate,  o-k&'t4,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mora  oo.,  New  Mex- 
ico, 100  miles  S.  of  El  Moro,  Col.     It  has  a  church. 

Occhiobello,  ok^ke-o-Ml'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  mile* 
S.W.  of  Rovigo,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4183. 

O  Occident 'al,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal. 

Occimano,  ot-che-m&'no,  or  Occimiano,  ot-ehe- 
me-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12  milee  N.N.W. 
of  Alessandria,  near  the  Grana.     Pop.  2315. 

Oc^conee'chee,  a  township  of  Northampton  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1944. 

Occoqnan,  ok'ko-kwin,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Wil- 
liam CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Occoquan  River,  6  miles  from  ita 
mouth,  about  96  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  Small  veeeell 
ascend  to  this  place.  It  has  water-power  and  a  flouriog- 
mill,  also  a  church. 

Occoquan  River,  Virginia,  is  formed  by  Broad  Run 
and  Cedar  Run,  which  rise  in  Fauquier  oo.  and  unite  in 
Prince  William  co.,  near  Brentsville.  It  runs  nearly  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Potomac  River  on  the  8.  border  of 
Fairfax  co. 

Occupacia,  ok'ka-pS'she-*,  a  poat-hamlet  of  BHe> 
CO.,  Va.,  27  miles  from  Milford  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Ocean,  o'shun,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Jer- 
sey, is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area, 
578  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Toms  River  and  Cedar 
Creek.  A  long  lagoon,  called  Barnegat  Bay,  extends  along 
the  eastern  border  and  is  separated  from  the  ooean  by  a 
narrow  sand-bank.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  ii  ex- 
tensively covered  with  foresU  of  pine.  The  soil  is  partly 
sandy.  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  lumber,  and  cranberries  are 
the  staple  products.  Marl  is  found  here.  This  county  it 
intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jereey,  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  Tuokerton  Railroad.  Capl- 


OCE 


2044 


OCK 


tal,  Toms  River.  Pop.  in  181Q,  13,628 ;  in  1880,  14,466; 
in  1890,  16,974. 

Ocean,  or  Ocean  Mines,  a  post-viHage  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  MJ.,  at  Ocean  Station  on  the  Cumberland  <fe  Piedmont 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Piedmont.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Ocean. 

Ocean,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  6189. 

Ocean,  or  Cure,  koo-r&',  an  island  of  the  Pacific. 
Lat.  28°  37'  N.;  Ion.  178°  23'  30"  E. 

Ocean,  a  group  of  three  islets,  sometimes  called  the 
Catherine  Islands.     Lat.  9°  14'  N.;  Ion.  167°  2'  E. 

Oceana,  o^she-ah'na,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  IVKohi- 
gan,  has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  partly  drained  by  White 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  potatoes,  and  oats 
aro  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  West  Michigan  Railroad  and  the  Mason  &  Oceana  Rail- 
road, the  former  of  which  connects  with  Hart,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7222;  in  1880,  11,699;  in  1890,  16,698. 

Oceana,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  919. 

Oceana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  56  miles  S.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Ocean- Austral,  a  French  name  for  Pacific  Ocean. 

Ocean  Beach,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Wall  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Shark  River,  and  on  the  New  York  k  Long  Branch  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.  of  Ocean  Orove,  8  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch, 
and  about  i  mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  church,  6  large 
boarding-houses,  and  about  100  cottages  and  residences. 
The  river  is  here  nearly  2  miles  wide,  and  affords  good 
facilities  for  boating,  bathing,  and  fishing.  Here  is  also  a 
good  beach  for  sea-bathing. 

Ocean  City,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Wicomico  &  Pocomoko  Ilail- 
road,  7  miles  E.  of  Berlin. 

Ocean  Grove,  a  post-villago  and  summer  resort  of 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ocean  township,  on  the  New  York 
&  Long  Branch  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  6  or  7  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch,  and  36 
miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  It  is  separated  from  Asbury 
Park  by  a  lake  about  300  feet  wide.  Here  is  a  good  bath- 
ing-ground, with  numerous  cottages  and  boarding-houses. 
The  place  is  frequented  chiefly  by  the  Methodist  denomi- 
nation, who  hold  camp-meetings  here,  many  of  them  living 
in  tents  during  the  season.     Pop.  in  1890,  2764. 

Ocean  House,  or  Pine  Point,  a  station  in  Revere, 
Suffolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  from  Boston,  and  on  the  seaside. 

Oceania,  o-she-ah'ne-%,  or  Oceanica,  o-she-an'e-k% 
(Fr.  Oc(anie,  o^si^i^nee'),  a  nafaie  given  by  modern  geogra- 

8 hers  to  a  fifth  division  of  the  globe,  comprising  West 
ceania,  or  Malaisia  (see  Malay  Arcbipelaoo),  Central 
Oceania,  or  Australasia,  or  Melanesia  (see  Australasia),  and 
East  Oceania,  or  Polynesia  (see  Polynesia  and  Micronesia). 

Oceanic,  o-she-an'ik,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury 
township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea  called 
Shrewsbury  River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  New  York,  and  2 
miles  from  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  canning-factory,  and  2  summer  hotels. 

Ocean  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Paanopa. 

Ocean  Point,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  near  the  sea-coast,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Brooklyn. 

Oceanport,  o'shun-port,  a  post-village  in  Eatontown 
township,  Monmouth  co.,  N. J.,  on  South  Shrewsbury  River, 
and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  27  miles  S. 
of  New  York,  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  400. 

Ocean  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Jackson  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  or  Bay  of  Biloxi, 
and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  56  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Mobile,  84  miles  from  New  Orleans,  and  4  miles  E.  of 
Biloxi.     It  has  mineral  springs  and  4  churches.     Pop.  349. 

Oceanus,  o-ce'an-iLs,  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  sea-coast,  also  on  Jamaica 
Bay,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Southern  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  direct  from  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  steamboat-landing. 

Ocean  View,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  near 
the  ocean,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Frankford  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  about  24  houses. 

Ocean  View,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  sea-coast,  2  miles  from  Seaville  Railroad  Station. 

Ocean  View,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  R.I. 

Oceanville,  o'shun-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co., 


Me.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Deer  Isle,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rock- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Oceanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Galloway  township,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Absecon.  It  has  iev- 
eral  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 

Ocellodurum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zavora. 

Ocellum  Durii,  Spain.    See  Fermoselle. 

O'ceo'la,  or  Os^ceo'Ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Joseph 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  E.  of  South 
Bend,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Oceola,  or  Osceola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Ky., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  89. 

Oceola,  a  township  of  Livingston  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  1018. 

Oceola,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo.,  0.,  in  Todd 
township,  on  Broken  Sword  Creek,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Nevada 
Station,  and  about  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bucyrus.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 

Oceola,  Fond  du  Lao  oo.,  Wisconsin.     See  Osceola. 

Oceola  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  oo.,  Mich., 

6  miles  N.E.  of  Howell. 

Ocha,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Osha. 

Ocha,  the  ancient  name  of  Mount  St.  Elias  (Greece). 

Ochagavia,  o-ch&g&'ve-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Na- 
varre, 32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pamplona,     Pop.  1354. 

Ochakov,  Otchakov,  Oczakow,  or  Otschakow, 
otch-i'kov,  written  also  Otchakof  and  Otshakov  (anc. 
Axiaca  t),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Black 
Sea,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Odessa.  It  was  taken  by  the  Russians 
from  the  Turks  in  1737,  and  again  in  1788.     Pop.  5227. 

Ochandiano,  o-oh&n-de-I'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Bis- 
cay, S.W.  of  Bilbao.     Pop,  1518. 

Ochansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Okhansk. 

Ocheltree,  o'kfl-tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  oo,, 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  k  Gulf  Railroad, 

7  miles  S,  of  Olathe. 

Oche'see,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Jackson  co,,  Fla,, 
on  the  Appalochicola  River,  8  miles  below  Chattahoochee, 

Ocheydan,or  Ocheyedan,o-chee'd%n,  a  post-town- 
ship of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  from  Sibley.     Pop.  175. 

Ochil  (o'Kil)  Hills,  a  range  of  mountains  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Perth,  commencing  about  2  miles  from  the  river 
Forth,  near  Stirling,  and  extending  N.N.E.  to  the  Firth  of 
Tay.  Length,  about  24  miles ;  average  breadth,  about  12 
miles.  The  highest  summit,  Benoleugh,  2300  feet  in  height, 
is  at  the  S.W.  end.  The  Oohils  are  formed  of  greenstone 
and  basalt,  and  intersect  the  coal  formations  on  the  S.  and 
the  old  red  sandstone  on  the  N.E.  They  contain  silver, 
copper,  and  iron  ores, 

Ochiltree,  6K'il-tree,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of 
Texas,  bounded  N.  by  Indian  Territory,  and  traversed  by 
the  North  Fork  of  Canadian  River.  Area,  900  square 
miles.     Capital,  Ochiltree.     Pop.  in  1890,  198, 

Ochlochnee,  ok-lSk'nee,  a  post- village  of  Thomas  co,, 
Ga,,  on  a  branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  47  milefl 
S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  naval  stores. 

Ochotsk,  a  town  and  sea  of  Siberia.     See  Okhotsk. 

Ochre  (o'k^r)  Pit  Cove,  a  fishing  village  of  New- 
foundland, on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception  Bay,  18  miles 
from  Carbonear.     Pop.  360. 

Ochrida,  OK're-di  (anc.  Lychnidtu),  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Lake  Ochrida, 
100  miles  N.  of  Yanina.  Pop.  1000.  It  is  a  Greek  bishop's 
see.     See  Lake  op  Ochrida. 

Ochsendorf,  oK's^n-doRf,  or  Boitza,  boit'si,  a  vil- 
lage of  Transylvania,  on  the  frontier  of  Roumania.    P.  1600. 

Ochsenfurt,  oK's^n-fSSRt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2443. 

Ochsenhausen,  OK's^n-hSw^zen,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  on  the  Rottum,  8  miles  E.S.E,  of  Biberach.  Pop. 
1854 ;  with  Schloss-Ochsenhausen,  2819. 

Ochsenwarder,  0K's§n-^iRM?r,  a  free  town,  S.E.  of 
Hamburg,  on  a  marshy  island  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2345. 

Ochta,  a  market-town  of  Russia.     See  Okhta. 

Ochtahat'chee,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla. 

Ochtrup,  oK'trSop,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia^ 
25  miles  N.W.  of  MUnster,  on  the  Vecht.     Pop.  3637. 

Ocilla,  a  river  of  Florida.     See  Aucilla. 

Ocil'la,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga. 

Ock,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  after  an  E.  course 
of  20  miles  joins  the  Thames  near  Abingdon. 

Ock'brook,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Derby,  on  the  Midland  Railway,  and  on  the  Derby 
Canal.  Pop.  1633.  Adjoining  the  village  is  a  Moravian 
settlement. 


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Ocker,  ok'k§r,  or  Oker,  o'k^r,  a  river  of  Germany, 

rises  in  the  Harz,  flows  N.  past  Brunswick,  and  joins  the 
Aller  10  miles  W.  of  Qifhorn.  Length,  60  miles.  On  it  is 
the  village  of  Ocker,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Harzburg. 

OckMawa'ha,  a  river  of  Florida,  rises  in  or  near 
Sumter  co.,  passes  through  Lakes  Harris  and  GriflSn,  runs 
northward  through  Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  St.  John's 
River  at  Welaka,  25  miles  above  Palatka.  Steamboats 
ascend  this  river  to  Leesburg,  170  miles  from  its  mouth. 

OckMock'onnee,  or  OckUock'ony,  a  river  of 
Georgia  and  Florida,  rises  in  Irwin  co.  of  the  former  state, 
and,  passing  through  Florida,  flows  into  Appalaohee  Bay 
between  Leon  and  Gadsden  cos. 

Ockolock'onee,  a  post-oflBce  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 

Oclaseer,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ankleswar. 

Oclau  (ok'law)  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Ocmul- 
gee  in  Pulaski  co. 

Ocmulgee  (ok-mfil'ghee)  River,  Georgia,  is  formed 
by  three  small  branches,  the  Ulcofauhatchee,  South,  and 
Yellow  Rivers,  which  unite  near  the  S.  extremity  of  New- 
ton CO.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  passes  by  the 
city  of  Macon.  Below  this  place  it  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  counties  of  Houston,  Wilcox,  and  CoflFee  on 
the  right,  and  Twiggs,  Dodge,  and  Telfair  on  the  other 
side.  It  unites  with  the  Oconee  to  form  the  Altamaba 
River.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  280  miles.  Small  vessels 
can  ascend  it  to  Macon. 

Oco'ee,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  on  or  near  the 
Ocoee  River. 

Ocoee  (or  Toco'a)  River  rises  in  Fannin  co.,  Ga., 
runs  northwestward  through  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  and  enters 
the  Hiawassee  River  about  3  miles  N.  of  Benton. 

Ocona,  o-ko'ni,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  90 
miles  W.  of  Arequipa,  on  the  Pacific. 

Oco'na  Lnf'ty,  a  post-office  of  Swain  co.,  N.C. 

Oco'nee,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Oconee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Ap- 
palaohee. The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  produces  cotton 
and  Indian  corn.  Area,  168  square  miles.  Capital,  Wat- 
kinsville.     Pop.  in  1880,  6351;  in  1890,  7713. 

Oconee,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  South  Caro- 
lina, borders  on  Georgia.  Area,  about  620  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Kiowee  River,  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Chattooga,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Tugaloo.  The 
N.  part  of  this  county  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Walhalla.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,636;  in  1880,  16,256:  in  1890,  18,687. 

Oconee,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  46  miles  E.  of  Macon.  It  has 
a  church. 

Oconee,  a  post-village  in  Oconee  township,  Shelby  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Decatur,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Yandalia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1558 ;  of  the  village,  about  350. 

Oco'nee  River,  Georgia,  a  branch  of  the  Altamaha, 
rises  in  Hall  co.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  runs 
nearly  southward,  with  a  small  deviation  to  the  E.  It  in- 
tersects Clarke,  Greene,  Baldwin,  and  Laurens  cos.,  and 
unites  with  the  Ocmulgee  River  on  the  S.  border  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.     It  is  nearly  280  miles  long. 

Oconom'owoc,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  is  the  outlet 
of  several  lakes  which  lie  in  Waukesha  co.  It  enters  Rook 
River  in  Jefierson  co.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown. 
These  lakes  are  named  Kauchee,  Oconomowoo,  Ac. 

Oconomowoc,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Waukesha  co ,  Wis.,  on  Oconomowoc  Creek  (which  here 
issues  from  Lake  Labelle),  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  on 
tlie  S.  boundary  of  Oconomowoc  township.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  seminary  for  ladies, 
and  a  foundry.  It  is  surrounded  by  numerous  lakes.  Pop. 
2174.  The  township  contains  villages  named  Mapleton 
and  Monterey,  and  an  additional  pop.  of  l.'^Sfi. 

Ocon'to,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
ders on  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan.  Area,  1127 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Green  Bay 
(of  Lake  Michigan),  and  is  drained  by  the  Oconto  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
pine,  maple,  beech,  and  birch  abound.  Pine  lumber  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.  Wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  soil.  Capital,  Oconto.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8321;  in  1880,  9848;  in  1890,  15,009. 

Oconto,  a  post-office  of  Custer  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the  Kear- 


ney, &  Black  Hills  Railroad,  about  20  miles  8.  of  Broken 
Bow,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Oconto,  a  poet-town,  capital  of  Oconto  oo.,  Wis.,  in  • 
township  of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Oreen 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oconto  River,  28  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  the  city  of  Green  Bay,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Menominee, 
Mich.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
bank,  and  several  large  steam  saw-mills.  Pine  tnmber  !• 
the  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  in  1880,  4171;  in  1890. 

Oconto  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  on  th« 
Oconto  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Oconto. 

Oconto  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Oconto  oo.,  and 
runs  southward  in  the  £.  part  of  Shawano  oo.  It  finally 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  Green  Bay  at  Oconto.  It  is  nearly 
130  miles  long,  and  traverses  extensive  pine  forests. 

Ocopa,  o-ko'pi,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  43 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Huancavelioa. 

Ocopil'co  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Colquitt  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Brooks  co.,  and  enters  the  Witbla- 
coochee  River  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Quitman. 

Ocosingo,  o-ko-sing'go,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  stat* 
of  Chiapas,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real. 

Ocoy'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  on  th« 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Pontiao.  It 
has  a  church. 

Ocracoke,  o'kr%-kok,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C, 
in  Ocracoke  township,  on  a  narrow  island  between  Pamlico 
Sound  and  the  ocean,  about  65  miles  £.  of  Newberu.  i'up. 
of  the  township,  466. 

Ocracoke  Inlet,  in  Hyde  and  Carteret  cos.,  N.C.  (lau 
36°  6'  28"  N.,  Ion.  75°  58'  51"  W.),  is  a  passage  used  by 
small  vessels  in  entering  Pamlico  Sound  from  the  Atlantic. 
It  is  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Hatteras,  and  has  on  either 
hand  dangerous  sand-islands.  There  is  a  brick  light-house 
on  the  N.E.  side,  65  feet  high. 

Ocriculum,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Otriooli. 

Oc'tagon,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Octagon,  a  post-office  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lafayette.     Here  is  a  church. 

Octeville,  okH^h-veel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manchs, 
1  mile  S.W.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1385. 

Octeville,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  6 
miles  N.  of  Havre.     Pop.  of  commune,  2161. 

Octodurus,  Switzerland.    See  Martiont  la  Villb. 

Octogesa,  the  ancient  name  of  Mequinenza. 

Octora'ra,  or  Octora'ro,  a  post-village  in  Colerain 
township,  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  on  Ootorara  Creek,  about  60 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Octorara  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Chester  and  Lancaster,  runs 
southwestward  into  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  in  Cecil  co. 

Octoraro,  a  station  in  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Columbia 
A  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Deposit. 

Ocnmare,  o-koo-m&'r&,  a  port  and  small  bay  of  Vene- 
zuela, state  of  Carabobo,  on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  o£f  whioh  is 
the  islet  called  Ocumare,  30  miles  E.  of  Puerto  Cabello. 

Ocumare,  or  Ocumare  del  Tay,  o-koo-m&'ri  dal 
too'ee,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Bolirar,  40  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Caraccas.    Pop.  7493. 

Oczakow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ocbakov. 

Odahr,  o-d&h'r',  or  Odarba,  o-daR'hi,  a  town  of  la- 
dia,  in  Oude,  80  miles  N.  of  Luoknow.     Pop.  3000. 

Oda'nah,  a  post-offioe  and  Indian  village  of  Ashland 
CO.,  Wis.,  near  Lake  Superior,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Ashland. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  an  industrial  boarding-school  for 
Indian  children. 

Odawara,  o-d&-wi'r4,  Odowara,  o-do-w4'r4,  or 
Wodavvara,  wo-d4-w4'ri,  a  bay  of  Japan,  island  of 
Hondo,  forming  the  entrance  by  whioh  the  city  of  Tokio 
is  reached.     It  lies  in  lat.  35°  16'  N.  and  Ion.  139°  6'  K. 

Odawara,  or  Odowara,  a  town  of  Japsji,  on  the  B. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  40  miles  8.W.  of  Tokio. 
Pop.  20,000. 

Oddalengo,od-di-lfin'go,  ORAicDB,grAn'di  ("  Gr«it"), 
and  Piccolo,  pik'ko-lo  ("  Little"),  two  oontignoos  villages 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessandria,  and  W.  of 
Casale.     United  pop.  2120. 

Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  oo.,  Tenn., 
9  miles  N.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall. 

Odd'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Cynthiana.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

O'debolt,  a  post-village  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Haple 
River  Railroad,  13  miles  K.  of  Ida  Grove. 

O^dell',  a  post-village  in  Odell  township,  Livingston 


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oo.,  ni.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  82  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  a  bank, 
3  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-oflBoe.  Pop.  in  1890, 
800;  of  the  township,  1658. 

Odell)  a  post-oflBoe  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind. 

Odell)  a  post-oflHce  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas. 

Odell)  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  6  miles  E.  of 
Kimbolton  Station,  which  is  11  miles  N.  of  Cambridge. 

Odell,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa. 

Odemes,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Demish. 

Odemira^  o-di-mee'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Beja,  on  the  Odemira,  thence  navi- 
gable to  the  sea.  Pop.  2969.  The  Odemira  River  rises  in 
the  Serra  de  Monchique,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  25 
miles,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  5  miles  below  Villanova. 

Odenbach)  o'd9n-b3.K\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  circle  of  Lautereoken.     Pop.  1051. 

Odenheim,  o'd^n-hlme^  a  village  of  Baden,  21  miles 
TSr.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2196. 

Odenkirchen,  o'd^n-keeRK^^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Niers,  Pop. 
7850.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton,  linen  and 
silk  fabrics,  leather,  and  paper. 

Odense,  o'd^n-s^h  (Danish,  Odins-'de,  i.e.,  "  Odin's 
island;"  L.  Othen'sia),  a  town  and  seaport  of  Denmark, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Funen,  on  the  Odense-Aa,  near  the 
fiord  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the 
residence  of  the  authorities  on  the  island.  It  has  a  small 
royal  palace,  a  large  Gothic  cathedral  founded  in  1086,  2 
other  churches,  a  fine  old  council  house  or  state  hall,  a  large 
and  richly-endowed  hospital,  an  arsenal  and  barracks, 
important  manufactures  of  cloth,  an  extensive  iron-foundry, 
and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  16,970. 

O'densC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  oo.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Humboldt.     It  ha«  2  churches. 

Odeuse-Fiord,  o'd^n-s^h-fe-oRd^  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Funen,  has  a  length  of  about  9  miles,  with  a 
breadth  varying  from  li  to  nearly  6  miles. 

Odensholm,  o'd^ns-holm^  an  islet  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  of  Finland,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Revel,  with  a  light- 
house in  lat.  59°  18'  45"  N.,  Ion.  23°  25'  25"  E. 

O'denton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Annapolis  <fc  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Baltimore. 

O'denville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  about 
33  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal 
and  iron  ore  abound  here. 

Odenwald,  o'd^n-Mlt^  a  mountain-region  of  Ger- 
many, in  Hesse,  between  the  Neckar  and  Main  Rivers.  On 
it  are  many  remains  of  Roman  forts.  The  Berostrasse  {i.e., 
"mountain-road"),  on  which  are  the  towns  of  Langen, 
Darmstadt,  and  Bensheim,  borders  it  on  the  W. 

O'denweld,  or  O'denwelder's,  a  village  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  k  Susquehanna  Railroad,  1 
mile  W.  of  Easton. 

Oder,  o'd§r  (anc.  Via'drxui),  a  large  river  of  Germany, 
rises  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  near  Olmutz,  flows  N., 
and  afterwards  N.W.,  through  Prussian  Silesia,  Branden- 
burg, and  Pomerania,  traverses  the  Stettiner-HafF,  and 
enters  the  Baltic  by  3  branches,  the  Dievenow  on  the  E., 
the  Swine  in  the  middle,  and  the  Peene  on  the  W.  Length, 
about  550  miles.  It  is  of  great  commercial  importance, 
and  is  navigable  for  barges  of  from  40  to  50  tons  from  the 
Baltic  to  Breslau.  Principal  tributaries,  the  Warta,  with 
the  Netze,  Sober,  Neisse,  and  Ihna. 

Oder,  a  river  of  Hanover,  rises  in  the  Harz,  flows  E., 
and  joins  the  Leine  near  Nordheim.     Length,  30  miles. 

OderaU)  o'd^r-Qw^  or  Odrau,  o'drSw,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Troppau,  on  the  Oder.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics.     Pop.  4221. 

Oderberg,  o'd^r-bfiRO^  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  1333. 

Oderberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  64  miles 
N.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  3929. 

Oderin,  oM§h-r4N»',  a  small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland.  It  is  settled  by  fishermen. 
Pop.  387. 

Odernheim,  o'd§Rn-hime\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Glan,  22  miles  N.  of  Kaiserslautern.     P.  1333. 

Odernheim,  or  Gau-Odernheim,  gow-o'd^Rn- 
hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on  the  Selz,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Alzey. 

Oderwitz,  o'd§r-^itz\  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Zittau.  Pop.  of  Nieder-Oderwitz,  2719 ;  of 
the  adjacent  Mittel-Oderwitz,  895.  Not  far  away  is  the 
village  of  Ober-Oderwitz.     Pop.  3713. 


Oderzo,  o-dflnt'so  (anc.  Opiter'gium),  a  town  of  Italy, 
15  miles  E.N.B.  of  Treviso.  Pop.  6434,  who  manufacture 
hats  and  liqueurs  and  trade  in  wine. 

Odes'sa,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kherson,  on  a  fine  bay  formed  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the 
Black  Sea,  between  the  mouths  of  the  Dnieper  and  Dnies- 
ter, about  90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kherson,  and  390  miles  N. 
of  Constantinople.  Lat.  46°  28'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  30°  44'  30" 
E.  The  various  quarters  of  this  great  city  cover  a  portion 
of  a  broad  plateau,  which  at  this  point,  rising  nearly  per- 
pendicularly from  the  sea  to  the  height  of  about  80  feet, 
spreads  out  into  immense  steppes.  Although  the  latitude 
under  which  it  is  situated  is  generally  temperate,  the  win- 
ter is  rigorous,  while  in  summer  the  heat  is  intense. 

•Odessa  is  strongly  fortified.  It  is  laid  out  in  squares, 
with  broad,  straight  streets,  well  paved,  and  planted  with 
rows  of  acacia-trees.  The  houses  are  substantially  built 
of  a  soft  calcareous  stone.  A  long  and  majestic  terrace 
overlooking  the  bay  is  lined  with  public  edifices,  hotels, 
and  stately  mansions.  On  the  summit  of  the  cliff,  through- 
out its  whole  extent,  is  planted  an  avenue  of  trees,  with 
their  branches  arching  together. 

The  more  crowded  portion  of  the  city  is  that  adjoining 
Richelieu  street,  the  finest  and  most  populous  in  Odessa. 
In  numerous  shops  along  this  street  are  spread  out  for  sale 
the  varied  products  of  every  country  in  Europe.  Among 
the  edifices  most  deserving  of  notice  may  be  mentioned  the 
governor's  house,  a  large  mansion,  containing,  in  addition 
to  public  offices,  a  library,  and  a  museum  particularly  rich  in 
Grecian  antiquities,  the  cathedral  or  church  of  St.  Nicho- 
las, the  admiralty,  custom-house,  exchange,  the  French 
and  Russian  theatres,  the  "  petit  Palais  Royal,"  used  as  a 
bazaar,  and  the  princely  mansion  of  Count  Woronzow, 
finely  situated  at  one  extremity  of  the  Boulevard. 

The  literary  and  scientific  institutions  comprise  the  Col- 
lege of  Richelieu,  founded  in  1817,  a  university  founded  in 
1865,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  a  law  school,  a  school  for 
the  study  of  the  Oriental  languages,  a  school  for  noble 
young  Itidies,  the  Richelieu  Lyceum,  or  royal  school  of 
commerce,  a  school  of  navigation,  and  a  botanic  garden  of 
celebrity.  There  are  also  a  hospital  and  several  other 
benevolent  institutions.  The  city  contains  the  Imperial 
Bank  of  Commerce,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  a  chamber 
of  commerce,  and  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

In  commercial  importance  Odessa  holds  the  first  rank  in 
the  Black  Sea.  It  was  declared  a  free  port  in  1817,  and  has 
since  continued  to  make  almost  unexampled  progress.  Its 
harbor  is  formed  by  moles,  one  of  them  in  the  shape  of  s 
quadrant,  with  regular  parapets  and  embrasures  for  can- 
non, and  subdivided  by  smaller  moles,  forming  separate 
docks,  capable  of  containing  300  vessels.  The  harbor 
affords  good  anchorage  for  ships  of  a  large  burden,  but 
they  are  much  exposed  during  gales  from  the  E.  and  S.E. 
It  is  defended  by  strong  w6rks,  and  has  at  one  extremity 
the  citadel  and  at  the  other  the  lazaretto.  A  light-house 
has  been  erected  at  the  extremity  of  the  longest  mole.  The 
trade  includes,  among  other  articles,  corn,  linseed,  wool, 
iron,  hides,  copper,  wax,  caviare,  isinglass,  potash,  furs, 
cordage,  sail-cloth,  tar,  beef,  butter,  and  tallow.  The  laat 
is  the  second  great  staple ;  but  the  first,  and  that  for  which 
Odessa  is  celebrated,  is  grain. 

Odessa  has  steam  navigation  companies  for  the  Black 
Sea,  the  Sea  of  Azof,  the  Dnieper,  Constantinople,  and  the 
ports  of  the  Danube.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  great  rail- 
way, giving  it  connection  with  the  principal  cities  of  Rus- 
sia, also  with  Moldavia,  Galicia,  and  Bukovina.  It  has 
few  manufactures,  the  chief  articles  being  soap  and  candles, 
tallow,  cordage,  spirits,  beet  sugar,  silk  and  felt  hats,  cab- 
inet-ware, and  wool-washers.  The  town  has  a  good  water- 
supply  from  a  point  on  the  Dniester,  26  miles  distant. 

Odessa  was  founded  by  Catherine  II.  in  1792.  In  180i 
its  population  was  only  9000 ;  in  1837  it  had  increased  to 
58,803;  in  1846  it  was  70,877;  in  1860,  71,392:  in  1858, 
104,169;  in  1873,  184,819;  in  1890,  313,687. 

Odes'sa^  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Appoquinimink  Creek,  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  640. 

Odessa,  a  post-village  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Ortonville. 

Odessa,  a  post- village  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb.,  10  miles  bj 
rail  W.  of  Kearney. 

Odessa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Catherine  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Havana,  and  about  17  miles  N.  of 
Elmira.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 

Odessa,  a  post-village  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  about  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Miller. 

Odes'sa  (formerly  Mill   Creek),  a  post-village  of 


ODE 


2047 


O'FA 


Ontario,  co.  of  Lennox,  12  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  3 
♦hurolies,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  2  wool- 
len-mills, 2  foundries,  shingle-mills,  sash-  and  door-factory, 
Ac,  also  4  hotels  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  750. 

Odessa  Centre,  Michigan.    See  South  Cass. 

Odeypoor,  o-di-poor',  or  Odeypore,  o-di-por',  a 
■tate  of  India,  subsidiary  to  the  British,  its  centre  near  lat. 
24°  N.,  Ion.  74°  E.  Estimated  area,  11,780  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  well  watered.  The  products  com- 
prise sugar,  indigo,  tobacco,  rice,  wheat,  timber,  iron,  cop- 
per, lead,  and  sulphur.  Principal  cities,  Odeypoor  and 
Chittoor.     Pop.  1,161,400. 

Odeypoor,  a  city  of  India,  the  capital  of  the  above 
state,  in  a  hollow  surrounded  by  rugged  hills,  145  miles 
S.W.  of  Ajmeer  and  N.E.  of  Ahmedabad,  lat.  24°  35'  N., 
Ion.  73°  44'  E.,  has  externally  a  noble  appearance,  its  mar- 
ble buildings  skirting  a  lake,  from  which  it  is  protected  by 
an  embankment.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  toys, 
images,  and  carvings  in  stone  and  marble.    See  also  Oodee- 

POOR. 

Odeypoor,  or  Odeypore,  a  town  of  the  Gwalior  do- 
minions, 27  miles  E.  of  Seronge. 

Odia,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Muskillo. 

O'diham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  22  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Winchester.  The  town  has  an  almshouse  and 
other  charities,  and  some  remains  of  a  royal  palace  and 
park.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  7740. 

O'din,  a  post-village  in  Odin  township,  Marion  co., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  64 
miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Centralia. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  broom-factory,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  (1890)  817;  of  township,  2390. 

Odin,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Odin,  a  township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  311. 

Odins'de,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Odensb. 

Odobere,  o'do^baiE'  (?),  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Foota- 
Damga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  42'  W. 

Odoiev,  or  Odojev,  o-do-y5v',  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Toola,  on  the 
Oopa.     Pop.  7681. 

Odowara,  a  town  and  bay  of  Japan.    See  Ooawara. 

Odrau,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Oderau. 

Odsak,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Hodsak. 

CE.  For  names  commencing  thus,  and  not  found  below, 
see  0  :  as,  Oerebro.  See  Orebro.  It  may  be  observed  that 
in  German  and  most  of  the  Teutonic  languages,  ae,  oe,  and 
««  are  respectively  equivalent  to  o,  o,  and  t«. 

QBaso,  or  CEasso,  Spain.    See  Oyarzun. 

Oebisfelde,  o'bis-ffird^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  miles 
N.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Aller.     Pop.  2324. 

Oedanes,an  ancient  name  of  the  Brahmapootra. 

Oedelem,  o'd$h-I$m\  a  parish  and  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  5i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4500. 

Oedenburg,  o'd^n-bSSRO^  (Hun.  Soprony,  sho^profi'j 
anc.  Sopro'nium  f),  a  town  of  West  Hungary,  capital  of  a 
county,  near  Lake  Neusiedl,  37  miles  by  railway  S.S.E.  of 
Vienna.  Pop.  21,108,  chiefly  of  German  descent.  It  has 
several  fine  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Calvinist  church, 
Dominican  and  Ursuline  convents,  Roman  Catholic  and 
Lutheran  colleges,  hospitals,  barracks,  riding-schcol,  mili- 
tary academy,  and  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  potash,  nitre,  tobacco,  and  refined  sugar. 
It  is  an  extensive  mart  for  wine  grown  in  the  vicinity,  corn, 
tobacco,  wax,  honey,  and  cattle. 

Oederan,  o'd^h-rin^  a  town  of  Saxony,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Zwickau.  Pop.  5836.  It  has  important  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  flannel,  and  cotton  goods. 

Oedheim,  od'hime,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of 
Neckar,  bailiwick  of  Neokarsulm.     Pop.  1647. 

Oedt,  ott,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Niers.     Pop.  of  commune,  3066. 

Oegstgeest,  ooast'HdstS  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Leyden.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2320. 

Oehringen,  o'ring-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Ohr,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Heilbronn,  with  3428  inhabitants, 
a  palace  of  the  Prince  of  Hohenlohe-Oehringen,  a  lyceum, 
and  manufactures  of  cottons  and  carpets. 

Oeiras,  o-i'e-ris,  almost  way'ris,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Estremadura,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lisbon,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Tagus  and  of  the  small  river  Oeiras.    Pop.  2457. 

Oeiras,  o-i'e-r4s,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state 
of  Piauhy,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Parnahiba,  near  lat.  7° 
5'  S.,  Ion.  42°  40'  W,     Pop.  5000. 

Oeiras,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  and  about  140  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Pari. 


Oeland,  an  island  of  Sweden.    Se«  Olajtd. 

Oelde,  ol'dflh,  a  town  of  Pruwia,  in  Wertphalia,  U 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  27 1». 

Oeleghem,  oo'l^h-ghim^  a  village  of  B«lgiam,  pr»T- 
ince  and  9  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1420. 

Oelk,  a  town  of  Pnuaia.    See  Lick. 

Oels,  81s,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  16  miles  B.N.R. 
of  Breslau,  capital  of  a  mediatized  principality,  on  the  OeU. 
Pop.  8874.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  dm  a  daeal  OMtle, 
with  a  library  and  museums,  Roman  Catholic  and  Latheran 
churches,  a  theatre,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  and  paper. 

Oels,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Brlinn 
Pop.  1650. 

Oels,  ols,  or  Oelse,  Sl's^h,  a  village  of  ProssiA,  is 
Silesia,  government  and  S.W.  of  Breelaa.     Pop.  1298. 

Oeisnitz,  ols'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Elster,  6  miles  S.E.  of  PlauSn.  Pop.  6685.  It  baa 
manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  and  leatner. 

Oelwein,  51'wine,  formerly  Otse'go,  a  post-rillage 
of  Fayette  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Jefferson  township,  on  tne  Barling- 
ton,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  In- 
dependence. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a 
plough-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  830. 

Oe'naville,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Oenp  (o-i'no)  island.  Pacific  Ocean,  00  miles  N.  of 
Pitcairn's  Island,  is  in  lat.  24°  V  S.,  Ion.  130°  41'  W. 

CEnthe,  the  ancient  name  of  Galaxidi. 

CEnns,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ink. 

QBnussse,  Turkey.    See  Spalhadork  Islanm. 

Oerdingen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  UEBOiHsm. 

Oerebro,  Sweden.    See  Orebro. 

Oeresnnd,  Europe.    See  Soukd,  The. 

QBscns,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Isker. 

Oesdorf,  a  village  of  Germany.     See  Oestorv. 

Oesel,  o's^l  (Esthonian,  Kurre-Saar,  k5fiR'R«h-s^R),  aa 
island  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  in  the  Baltic,  mostly  between 
lat.  57°  40'  and  58°  14'  N.  and  Ion.  21°  40'  and  23°  E. 
Area,  about  1200  square  miles.  Pop.  40,000,  mostly  Lu- 
therans, with  some  German  landed  proprietors.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  tolerably  fertile.  Wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  peas,  Ac,  are  produced.  Rearing  cattle, 
horses,  and  sheep,  and  fishing,  form  the  principal  occupa- 
tions of  the  inhabitants.     Principal  town,  Arensburg. 

Oesselgem,  os's«I-obdm\  a  village  of  Belgium,  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  1000. 

Oestergotland,  a  laen  of  Sweden.    See  Linkopi.<(g. 

CEster  Hnrup,  os't^r  hoo'roop,  a  fishing- village  of 
Denmark,  on  the  Cattegat,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Aalborg. 

Oesterreich,  Oestreieb,  Oesterreichisch, 
Oesterreicher.    See  Austria-Hunoart. 

Oestorf,  os'toRf,  or  Oesdorf,  ds'doRT,  a  riUage  of 
Germany,  principality  of  Waldeok,  E.  of  Pyrmont. 

Oestrich,  Ss'triK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  II 
miles  W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  2004. 

Oestringen,  os'tring-fn,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bruohsal.     Pop.  2645. 

Oestsee,  the  German  name  of  the  Baltic 

CEta,  ee't^  a  mountain  of  Greece,  nome  of  Phthiotis, 
is  9  miles  W.  of  ThermopylsB,  and  consists  of  a  chain,  the 

frinoipal  elevations  of  which  are  Katabothra  and  Aninos, 
061  feet  above  the  sea,  and  commanding  magnificent  viewa 
over  Hellas,  Eubcea,  and  Thessaly. 

Oetinghen,  oo'ting-^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  ia  Br»* 
bant,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1740. 

O  etisheim ,  S'tis-hime\  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  eirol* 
of  Neckar.     Pop.  1342. 

Oetting,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  ALT-OirriKe. 

Oettingen,  St'ting-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Wer- 
nitz,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Anspaoh.     Pop.  2892. 

Oetz,  Sts,  a  village  and  parish  of  Aostria,  in  Tyrol,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Imst.     Pop.  1 195. 

O^faho'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leake  eo.,  Misc.,  22  milse 
E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

O'Fal'lon,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  oo..  III.,  on  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  on  the  O'Pallon  Branch 
of  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  7  miles  N.B.  of  Belleville.  It  has  S 
churches,  2  brick-yards,  a  flouring-mill,  a  nannory,  • 
creamery,  wagon-works,  Ao.  Coal  is  mined  here.  P<^  ia 
1890,  865. 

O'Fallon,  a  post- village  of  St.  Charles  oo..  Mo.,  on  th« 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  34  mils* 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  floor- 
mill,  and  a  brick-yard. 

O'Fallon*!,  a  station  in  Lincoln  oo..  Neb.,  on  tM 
Union  Pacifio  RaUroad,  17  miles  W.  of  North  Piatt*. 


OFA 


2048 


OGL 


Ofanto,  o-f&n'to  (ano.  Au'fidut),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises 
in  the  province  of  Avellino,  6  miles  E.  of  Monte  Marano, 
flows  E.N.E.,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  4  miles  N,W.  of  Bar- 
letta.     Length,  75  miles. 

Ofen,  Hungary.     See  Buda-Prsth  and  Alt-Ofen. 

Offa,  or  Craw'ford,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co,, 
Ontario,  16  miles  from  Lucan.     Pop.  100. 

Offagna,  of-f&n'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Ancona,  near  the  Musone.     Pop.  2388. 

Offanengo,  of-fi-nSn'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cremona,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  of  commune,  2276. 

Of'fa's  Dyke,  an  intrenchment  traceable  through  sev- 
eral English  and  Welsh  counties  from  the  Wye  to  the  Dee, 
constructed  by  Oflfa,  King  of  Mercia,  to  separate  England 
from  the  Welsh  principalities. 

Offenbach,  of'f§n-biK\  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Main,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Frankfort.  Pop.  25,911.  It  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of 
the  princes  Isenburg-Birstein,  several  Lutheran  churches, 
schools,  and  cabinets  of  natural  history.  It  is  the  chief 
manufacturing  town  of  the  duchy,  having  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  cotton  fabrics,  carpets  and  other  woollen  fabrics, 
carriages,  pipes,  musical  instruments,  and  jewelry. 

Offenbach,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  5  miles  E.  of  Lan- 
dau.    Pop.  2189. 

Offenbnrg,  of  f^n-bfirg  or  of  f9n-bS5RG\  a  town  of  Ba- 
den, on  the  Kinzig,  and  on  the  Basel  k  Mannheim  Railway, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  6587.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  Franciscan  convent,  a 
hospital,  a  theatre,  and  a  brisk  transit  trade. 

Offenbnrg,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aranyos, 
with  adjacent  gold-,  silver-,  and  antimony-mines. 

Of  ferle,  a  post-office  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas. 

Offida,  offe-d&,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ascoli.     Pop.  of  commune,  4465. 

Ofiingeu,  or  Markt-Offingen,  mankt-of  fing-^n,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nordlingen. 

Ofiranville,  offrftNoVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf^rieure,  4  miles  S.  of  Dieppe.     Pop.  1711. 

Of^t'8  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rockville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ogahden,  o-g4Mfin',  a  province  of  East  Africa,  in 
Adel.     Lat.  7°  to  8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  to  49°  E. 

Ogallala,  o^gSl-lSl'a,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Keith 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  and  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  342  miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  a  steam  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Ogal'iah,  a  post-village  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Hays  City. 

Og'den,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  17  miles 
W.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ogden,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in  Spiceland 
township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Indianapolis  with 
Uichraond,  30  miles  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ogden,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Grand  Junc- 
tion. It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  churches.      P.  (1890)  689. 

Ogden,  a  post-village  in  Ogden  township,  Riley  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  brewery,  and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  of  the  township,  647. 

Ogden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Ogden  township,  1622. 

Ogden,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Neb. 

Ogden,  a  post-office  in  Ogden  township,  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  13  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  The  township  contains 
villages  named  Adams  Basin  and  Spencerport,  which  are 
on  the  Erie  Canal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  2977. 

Ogden,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Clinton  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Ogden,  or  Ogden  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Weber  co.,  Utah,  is  near  Ogden  Peak,  on  the  SVeber  River 
where  it  passes  through  the  Wahsatch  Range,  37  miles 
N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Elevation,  4340  feet.  It  is  the 
W.  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects here  with  the  Central  Pacific  and  Utah  Northern 
Railroads,  878  miles  from  San  Francisco,  and  1029  miles 
from  Omaha.  The  Utah  Central  Railroad  connects  it  with 
Bait  Lake  City.  A  dailv  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3127;  in  1880,  6069;  in  1890,  14,889. 


Ogden  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ogden  township-^ 
Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles  from  Ogden,  and  13  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Morenci. 

Ogden  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Og- 
den township,  1  mile  from  Spencerport.     It  has  a  church. 

Ogden  Mine,  a  hamlet  in  Sparta  township,  Sussex 
CO.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  a  railroad  extending  to  Lake  Hopatcong.  Here  i» 
an  iron-mine. 

Ogden  Peak,  Utah,  is  a  peak  of  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tains, near  Ogden,  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  Its  height  is  computed  to  be  9638  feet  above  the 
sea-level.  It  is  the  culminating  point  of  the  mass  of  moun- 
tain which  is  separated  from  the  other  parts  of  the  range 
by  Ogden  Canon  and  Weber  Caiion. 

Og'den*s,  a  station  of  theSwedesborough  Branch  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury,  N.J. 

Og'densburg,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Sparta  township,  on  the  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paterson. 
It  has  a  mine  of  zinc.  Franklinite  is  found  near  here,, 
and  here  are  the  Passaic  Zinc  Works. 

Ogdensburg,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  in  Oewegatchie 
township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, at  the  mouth  of  the  Oswegatchie,  and  opposite  Prei- 
cott,  Canada.  Lat.  44°  41'  N.;  Ion.  75°  31'  W.  By  rail- 
road it  is  61  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Malone,  142  miles  N.  of 
Rome,  and  250  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Ogdensburg  k  Lake  Champlain  Railroad, 
and  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Rome,  WatertOMrn  A  Ogdens- 
burg Railroad.  Ogdensburg  is  situated  on  a  plain,  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  profusely 
shaded.  The  St.  Lawrence  is  here  more  than  a  mile  in> 
width,  and  is  crossed  by  steam  ferry-boats  plying  between 
this  city  and  Prescott.  The  principal  public  buildings  are 
the  Catholic  cathedral,  town-hall  and  opera-house,  and  a 
government  building,  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $250,000, 
for  post-office,  custom-house,  and  court-house.  Ogdensburg 
contains  2  banks,  several  large  hotels,  12  graded  schools 
(each  occupying  a  fine  building),  a  free  academy,  and  ft 
churches  of  the  various  denominations.  Two  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  prosperity  of 
this  place  is  chiefly  derived  from  trade  and  extensive  manu - 
factures  of  flour,  lumber,  machinery,  leather,  Ac.  It  has 
an  immense  grain-elevator.  It  is  stated  that  10,000,000 
bushels  of  grain  pass  through  this  port  in  a  year  from  th& 
West  to  New  England.  Steamboats  depart  daily  from  thi» 
city  to  various  ports  on  the  river  and  lakes.  It  was  inoor- 
porated  as  a  city  in  1868.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,662. 

Ogdensbnrg,  Tioga  co..  Pa.    See  Union  Centre. 

Ogdensbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  65  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Green  Bay  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Og'den's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  oo.,  Ey., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  below  Paducah. 

Ogee,  o'ghee,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Ogeechee,  o-ghee'chee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  or 
near  Greene  co.,  and  runs  nearly  southeastward.  It  forms 
the  S.W.  boundary  of  Burke,  Scriven,  Effingham,  and 
Chatham  cos.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  through  Ossa- 
baw  Sound,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Savannah.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  260  miles.     It  traverses  a  level,  sandy  region. 

Ogeechee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  62 
miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  Nearly  2000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  in  a  year. 

Ogema,  o'ghe-m4,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Central  Railroad,  97  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Ogemaw,  o'ghe-maw,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Rifle  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  covered  with  forests.  It  is  traversed  by 
a  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capital,. 
West  Branch.     Pop.  in  1880,  1914;  in  1890,  5583. 

Ogemaw  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogemaw  co., 
Mich.,  at  Ogemaw  Station  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A 
Saginaw  Railroad,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.  Pop 
of  Ogemaw  township,  149. 

Oggersheim,  og'gh§rs-hime\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 1 2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Speyer,  with  a  castle.     P.  3472. 

Oggiono,  od-jo'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  13  miles 
E.  of  Como.     Pop.  2745. 

Oglasa,  the  ancient  name  of  Monte-Christo. 

Ogle,  o'g^l,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Rock 
River,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts,  and  '\t 
also  drained  by  Leaf  River  and  Pine  Creek.     The  surface  i» 


OGL 


2049 


OHI 


undulating.  The  soil  ia  very  fertile,  and  prairies  more  ex- 
tensive than  woodlands,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  barley,  bay, 
cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Galena 
limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  in  the  bluffs  of  Rook 
River.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central, 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Northern,  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul,  and  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  i,  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  Oregon.  Pop.  in 
1870,  27,492 ;  in  1880,  29,937 ;  in  1890,  28,710. 

Ogle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ogles,  o'g^lz,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Belle- 
ville.    Here  coal  is  mined. 

Oglesby,  o'g§lz-be,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  La  Salle,  and 
about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Illinois  River.  Coal  is  mined  here 
by  two  companies. 

Oglethorpe,  o'g^l-thorp,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  528  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Oconee  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of 
Broad  River  and  by  Long  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite,  novaculite,  and 
iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Athens  Branch 
of  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,782;  in  1880,  15,400;  in  1890,  16,951. 

Oglethorpe,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  6a., 
on  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches,  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  486. 

Ogleton,  o'g^l-t^n,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Ham- 
ilton A,  Indianapolis  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Oxford,  0. 

Oglianico,  ol-y4'ne-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  20 
miles  from  Turin.     Pop.  1011. 

Oglio,  61'yo,  or  Ollio,  61'le-o  (ano.  Ol'lim),  a  river 
of  Italy,  rises  in  the  Rhsetian  Alps,  flows  through  Lake 
Iseo,  and,  after  a  course  of  130  miles,  joins  the  Po  at  Torre 
d'Oglio,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Mantua. 

Og'more,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  rising  in  the  co.  of 
Glamorgan,  flows  S.S.W.  into  the  Bristol  Channel. 

Ogo&o,  o-g6n'yo,  a  cape  of  Spain,  Bay  of  Biscay,  in 
the  E.  part  of  the  province  of  Biscay,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Bilbao.     Lat.  43°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  36'  W. 

Ogoway,  or  OgOAv6, 6g'o-wa,  a  large  river  of  Africa, 
which  reaches  the  Atlantic  by  several  mouths,  forming  a 
large  delta,  not  far  S.  of  the  Gaboon  estuary.  Little  is 
known  of  its  upper  course. 

Ognlin,  o-goo-leen',  a  town  of  Croatia,  23  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Carlstadt,  on  the  Dobra.     Pop.  3543. 

Ogun'qnit,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Wells 
township,  about  1  mile  from  the  ocean,  and  35  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  free  high  school. 

Ogy,  o^zhee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1364. 

Ohain,  o^h&n',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2750. 

Ohanez,  o-i-nfith',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Almeria,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada.    Pop.  2457. 

Ohasaka,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Osaka. 

Oheteroa, o-hi-ti-ro'i,  or  Ronronton,  roo-roo-ton', 
an  island  of  the  Pacific,  lat.  22°  34'  S.,  Ion.  150°  13'  W., 
about  12  miles  in  circumference. 

Ohio,  o-hi'o,  an  important  river  and  aflSuent  of  the 
Mississippi,  is  formed  by  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela 
Rivers,  which  unite  at  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania,  where 
it  is  a  navigable  stream  about  600  yards  wide.  This  point 
is  about  700  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  runs  first  north- 
westward to  Beaver,  and,  after  it  has  crossed  the  W.  bound- 
ary of  Pennsylvania,  flows  southward  to  Wheeling.  Be- 
low this  point  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Ohio  and 
West  Virginia,  and  runs  southwestward  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Sandy  River.  It  next  forms  the  boundary  between 
Kentucky  and  Ohio,  and  pursues  a  west-northwestward 
course  to  Cincinnati.  After  it  strikes  the  E.  border  of 
Indiana,  it  runs  nearly  southwestward  with  a  very  sinuous 
course,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Indiana  and  Illi- 
nois on  the  right  and  Kentucky  on  the  left,  until  it  enters 
the  Mississippi  at  Cairo  in  lat.  37°  N.  and  about  1200  miles 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Great  River.  The  Ohio  is  nearly 
1000  miles  long,  and  carries,  it  is  said,  a  greater  volume  of 
water  than  any  other  tributary  of  the  Mississippi.  The 
area  drained  by  it  is  computed  to  be  214,000  square  miles. 
Its  mouth  is  nearly  300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 


This  river  is  remarkable  for  the  gentlenoM  and  uniformitj 
of  its  current.  Large  steamboats  ean  navigate  it  from 
Pittsburg  to  its  mouth,  except  in  the  low  stages  of  water,— 
i.e.,  in  summer,  and  when  it  is  closed  by  io«  in  winter. 
The  largest  affluents  of  the  Ohio  are  the  Tennessee,  the 
Cumberland,  the  Wabash,  the  Kentucky,  the  Great  Ka- 
nawha, the  Green,  the  Muskingum,  and  the  Scioto.  The 
chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Cincinnati,  Pittsburg,  Louis- 
ville, Evansville,  New  Albany,  Madison,  Portsmouth,  and 
Covington.  Bridges  cross  this  river  at  Wheeling  and  Cin- 
cinnati. In  the  upper  part  of  its  course  it  flows  among 
verdant  hills  and  beautiful  scenery.  Near  Louisville  tb« 
navigation  was  obstructed  by  rocky  rapids,  where  the  river 
descends  22  feet  in  a  distance  of  2  miles.  To  obviate  this 
difficulty,  a  canal  wide  and  deep  enough  for  steamboats  ba« 
been  opened.  The  water  of  this  river  is  subject  to  great 
variations  of  level,  and  the  difference  between  high  and 
low  water  is  nearly  50  feet.  The  width  of  the  river  varies 
from  600  yards  or  less  to  1400  yards.  It  encloses  a  large 
number  of  islands.  Between  Pittsburg  and  Portsmouth  it 
runs  for  about  350  miles  through  the  great  coal-fields  of 
Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  West  Virginia. 

Ohio,  a  north  central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
bounded  N.  by  the  state  of  Michigan  and  Lake  Erie,  E.  by 
Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia,  S.  by  West  Virginia  and 
Kentucky,  and  W.  by  Indiana.  The  state  limits  includa 
nearly  all  the  Wine  Islands  of  Lake  Erie,  along  which  lake 
the  state  has  a  water-front  of  230  miles,  while  the  navigiible 
Ohio  River  divides  it  from  West  Virginia  and  Kentucky, 
washing  the  S.E.  and  S.  border  of  the  state  for  436  miles. 
The  longest  E.  and  W.  measurement  is  225  miles ;  N.  and 
S.,  205  miles.  Area,  41,060  square  miles,  of  which  about 
one-third  is  under  cultivation,  one-fifth  pasture,  and  one- 
sixth  woodland.     But  a  small  percentage  is  unproductive. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  may  be  described  as  a  table-land 
whose  watershed  has  an  average  altitude  ef  about  1160  feet, 
the  highest  point  (1540  feet)  being  in  Logan  co.,  the  north- 
ern slope  reaching  Lake  Erie  (elevation  566  feet)  by  easj 
grades  of  descent,  the  surface  being  generally  level  or  gen- 
tly rolling,  while  the  southern  and  southeastern  aspects  have 
a  somewhat  greater  pitch,  the  Ohio  at  the  S.W.  angle  being 
only  433  feet,  and  at  its  highest  point  in  this  state  about 
665  feet  above  the  sea.  The  Ohio  thus  falls  some  230  feet 
in  436  miles ;  and  this  river  and  many  of  its  tributaries 
have  cut  for  themselves  deep  trough-like  valleys.  The 
banks  of  the  Ohio  have,  therefore,  a  remarkably  bold  as- 
pect, and  portions  of  its  immediate  valley  are  occupied  by 
steep  bluffs,  and  a  part  of  the  southeastern  or  coal  region 
is  out  deeply  into  a  labyrinth  of  narrow  ravines.  In  th» 
N.W.  is  a  large  well-timbered  area,  naturally  swampy. 

The  keystone  of  the  geological  system  of  Ohio  is  the 
Cincinnati  limestone,  the  geologically  oldest  rook  exposed 
in  the  state.  It  is  of  Lower  Silurian  age,  the  equiva- 
lent of  the  Trenton  and  Hudson  groups  of  New  York,  and 
underlies  the  blue-grass  country  of  Kentucky.  It  can  be 
traced  northward  to  the  Wine  Islands,  and  is  flanked  by  the 
Clinton  and  Niagara  limestones  in  succession,  the  former 
yielding  the  Muskingum  county  iron  ores  and  the  latter 
affording  much  excellent  lime.  The  Saline  group  appear* 
at  Sandusky,  where  it  affords  much  excellent  gypsum  and 
building-stone.  The  waterlime  is  especially  developed 
westward.  Upon  this  formation  rests  on  either  flank  of 
the  anticlinal  the  Oriskany  sandstone,  not  here  of  special 
importance,  except  as  the  lowest  of  Devonian  rooks.  Th« 
corniferous  limestone  affords  not  only  fine  lime,  but  is  quar< 
ried  at  Columbus,  Kelley's  Island,  Sandusky,  Delaware,  Ac, 
for  building-stone,  and  of  this  stone  the  stote-house  is  built; 
and  it  is  believed  anciently  to  have  formed  an  island  wher* 
Cincinnati  now  stands.  From  this  limestone  remains  of 
huge  ganoid  fishes  are  obtained.  The  Hamilton,  Huron, 
and  Erie  shales  afford  petroleum  at  Duck  Creek  and  elsa- 
where,  and  are  the  source  of  the  inflammable  gas  which 
escapes  from  many  artesian  wells.  This  natural  gas  is  at 
many  points  utilized  for  heating  and  illuminating  purposea, 
and,  if  the  price  of  petroleum  should  warrant,  from  wm* 
of  the  shales  oil  could  be  abundantly  distilled.  The  oar- 
boniferous  system  underlies  a  large  part  of  Ohio.  Its  low- 
est member,  the  Waverly  sandstone,  affords  oil  at  Meoea, 
Liverpool,  Grafton,  Ac;  salt  at  Pomeroy  and  elsewhere; 
grindstones  and  building-stone  at  Berea,  Bnena  Vista,  Am- 
herst, and  Independence. 

Upon  this  sandstone  rest  the  carboniferous  limestone 
(southward)  and  the  conglomerate  (in  patches  northward) 
We  now  arrive  at  the  lower  coal  measures.  The  counties 
of  Mahoning,  Columbiana,  Stark,  Holmes,  Tuscarawas,  Car- 
roll, Jefferson,  Harrison,  Belmont,  Guernsey,  Coehoeton, 
Muskingum,  Perry,  Noble,  Morgan,  Monroe,  Waahingtoa 


OHI 


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OHI 


Athens,  Meigs,  Gallia,  and  Lawrence  are  entirely  under- 
laid by  coal,  which  is  also  found  to  a  greater  or  less  extent 
in  Jaokson,  Trumbull,  Portage,  Geauga,  Summit,  Medina, 
Licking,  Wayne,  Hooking,  Fairfield,  Scioto,  Vinton,  Enoz, 
Richland,  Ashland,  and  Wayne.  Those  parts  of  the  surface 
trhere  the  lower  coal  measures  are  exposed  have  an  excel- 
lent soil.  The  lowest  layer  is  an  excellent  block-coal, 
known  as  Brier  Hill  or  Mahoning  Valley  coal,  wrought  at 
Fulton,  Akron,  Clinton,  Massillon,  Spencer's  Mill,  Napoleon, 
Jaokson,  and  many  other  points.  This  coal  is  the  basis  of 
the  great  iron-industry  of  Cleveland  and  of  Northern  Ohio, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  furnace-coals  in  existence.  The  next 
higher  bed  includes  the  Strawbridge  cannel,  which  is  prized 
as  a  locomotive-coal.  The  third  bed,  in  Coshocton,  Stark, 
and  Holmes  cos.,  afibrds  benches  of  good  cannel  and  coking 
coals.  The  fourth  bed  gives  the  excellent  Leetonia  coke 
and  other  useful  coals.  The  fifth  aS'ords  excellent  coals  at 
New  Lisbon  and  Mineral  Point.  The  sixth  is  the  very  im- 
portant coal  of  Straitsville,  Nelsonville,  Haydenville,  Salina, 
Chauncey,  Coal  Port,  Trenton,  Port  Washington,  Saline- 
ville,  Hammondsville,  Linton,  Wellsville,  <ko.  The  "  barren" 
measures  contain  three  seams  of  coal,  which  attain  at  some 
points  a  local  importance,  especially  in  the  Tuscarawas  Val- 
ley. The  upper  coal  measures  contain  no  less  than  nine 
seams,  five  of  which  are  of  general  or  local  importance,  and 
one,  the  lowest  or  Pittsburg  seam,  wrought  at  Pomeroy,  Syra- 
cuse, and  elsewhere  along  the  Ohio  River,  is  of  high  eco- 
nomic value.  Important  coal-mining  points  which  we  have 
not  mentioned  are  Petrea,  Carbondale,  Zanesville,  Ironton, 
Duck  Creek,  Cambridge,  &o.  Between  Marietta  and  Ports- 
mouth there  is  a  magnificent  development  of  iron  ores  in 
the  buhrstone  stratum  of  the  lower  coal  measures.  These 
ores  are  best  developed  in  the  Hanging  Rock  region,  and 
are  largely  wrought.  They  are  by  far  the  most  important 
spathic  ores,  or  carbonates  of  iron,  in  the  United  States. 
They  are  found  both  as  nodular  and  as  plate  ore.  Next  in 
value  to  this  is  the  black-band,  from  the  barren  coal  meas- 
ures, which  has  here  very  important  local  developments, 
supplying  the  iron-works  at  Dover,  Port  Washington,  and 
Massillon.  It  becomes  in  some  places  a  nodular  "moun- 
tain" or  "  kidiley"  ore.  Other  products  of  the  ooal  meas- 
ures are  excellent  hydraulic  limestone  (upper  coal),  from 
which  the  abundant  and  strong  Barnesville  cement  is  made, 
and  the  widely  useful  pottery  olays  and  non-plastio  fire- 
clays, especially  developed  in  the  lower  measures.  The 
Mineral  Point  fire-bricks  rank  among  the  best  in  the  United 
States.  The  white  Massillon  sandstone  is  a  valuable  build- 
ing-material. Nearly  all  Ohio,  as  far  S.  as  Dayton,  is  cov- 
ered (especially  to  the  W.)  with  a  deep  drift  containing 
many  local  deposits  of  sand,  gravel,  and  clay,  having  in 
some  places  large  boulders ;  but,  unlike  many  drift  deposits, 
it  very  generally  possesses  all  the  elements  of  fertility.  In 
1890  the  coal  product  was  9,976,787  tons,  the  pig-iron 
product  was  1,302,299  tons,  and  the  steel  product  amounted 
to  446,808  tons.  Strontian  Island,  in  Lake  Erie,  aS'ords 
strontium  and  barium. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourist: — Among  these  are  the  an- 
cient mounds  and  earthworks  of  Ciroleville,  Marietta,  &o., 
the  natural  fountains  of  Bryan,  Williams  oo.,  and  the  deep 
canons  of  the  Hocking  River  and  its  tributaries. 

Rivers,  &c. — The  rivers  Little  Beaver,  Mahoning,  Mus- 
kingum, Hockhocking,  Scioto,  and  Little  and  Great  Miami 
are  tributaries  of  the  Ohio,  and  the  Maumee,  Portage,  San- 
dusky, Huron,  Vermilion,  Black,  Rocky,  Cuyahoga,  Chagrin, 
Grand,  Ashtabula,  and  Conneaut  flow  into  Lake  Erie. 
The  latter  have  in  several  instances  been  so  improved  that 
their  mouths  afford  harbor  facilities.  The  Muskingum  has 
been  artificially  adapted  to  navigation,  and  boats  can  ascend 
it  95  miles  at  some  seasons.  The  state  has  also  a  total  of 
800  miles  of  canal  navigation,  and  the  streams  afibrd  much 
water-power. 

Agriculture. — In  nearly  every  branch  of  agricultural  in- 
dustry Ohio  occupies  a  leading  position.  Excepting  the 
steep  blufi'-sides,  there  is  very  little  inarable  land ;  and  the 
only  unproductive  soils  are  certain  shaly  argillaceous  out- 
crops of  the  upper  and  middle  coal  measures.  These  have 
sometimes  an  intractable  quality  until  they  have  been 
thoroughly  broken  up  and  underdrained.  The  "  Western 
Reserve,"  or  "  Connecticut  Reserve,"  in  the  N.E.,  is  a 
famous  dairy  and  stock-growing  region.  The  dairy  prod- 
ucts, including  the  butter  and  cheese  made  on  the  farms, 
as  well  as  the  output  obtained  from  milk  sent  to  the 
factories,  is  very  large.  Ohio's  wool-clip  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  United  States,  the  S.E.  section  being  es- 
pecially adapted  to  this  product.  The  Miami,  Scioto, 
and  Muskingum  river-bottoms,  largely  underlaid  by  the 
eelf-fertilizing  soil  derived  from  the  highly  fossiliferous 


Cincinnati  limestone,  are  splendidly  adapted  to  the  produo- 
tion  of  Indian  corn.  The  Muskingum  and  Maumee  Valleys 
are  famous  wheat-growing  sections.  The  steep  river-fronts 
on  the  southern  border,  and  the  islands  and  shores  of  Lake 
Erie,  produce  much  wine,  which  ranks  with  the  best  Amer- 
ican vintages.  The  Western  Reserve  and  the  Miami  Valley 
are  noted  for  their  apples.  Linseed  and  flax  are  staple 
products  of  Ohio,  as  well  as  hay,  the  cereals,  potatoes,  grass- 
and  clover-seed,  tobacco,  hops,  fruits,  and  all  the  other  prod- 
ucts of  Northern  agriculture.  Many  of  the  best  lands  in  the 
state  were  called  "  barrens"  by  the  early  settlers,  and  were 
supposed  to  be  too  dry  to  have  much  value. 

Manufactures. — Having  abundant  water-power,  ooal,  iron 
ore,  wool,  timber,  and  other  raw  materials,  with  one  of  the 
most  intelligent  and  active  populations  to  be  found  in  the 
United  States,  it  was  inevitable  that  Ohio  should  become  a 
great  manufacturing  state.  For  the  iron  product  she  has 
employed  not  only  her  own  excellent  spathic  ores,  but  has 
imported  largely  the  rich  hematites  and  magnetites  of 
Northern  Michigan,  her  own  block  and  coking  coals 
having  special  fitness  for  this  industry.  Cleveland,  Mas- 
sillon, Youngstown,  and  the  Ohio  River  towns  are  principal 
seats  of  the  iron  manufacture,  which  here  embraces  cast- 
ings, rolled  and  forged  work,  Bessemer  steel,  sheet-iron 
work,  wire  and  wire  goods,  nails,  pigs,  bridge-work,  rails, 
<fco.  Other  important  industries  are  pork-packing,  oil-re- 
fining, the  expression  of  linseed  and  lard  oil,  the  making 
of  factory-cheese,  beer,  malt,  whisky,  wine,  brandy,  and 
cream-tartar,  the  sawing  of  lumber,  and  the  manufacture 
of  boxes,  cars,  carriages,  cooperage,  furniture  and  other 
similar  goods,  leather,  boots,  shoes,  harness,  cement,  lime, 
fire-brick,  pottery,  paints,  saJt,  porcelain,  brick,  drain-tile, 
glass  (including  plate  and  stained  goods),  chemicals,  soap, 
candles,  woollens,  and  paper. 

The  Ji»\erie»  of  Lake  Erie  are  important.  The  chief 
fishing-ports,  in  the  order  named,  are  Sandusky,  Toledo, 
Cleveland,  Huron,  Conneaut,  Put-in  Bay,  and  Ashtabula. 
As  many  as  10,000,000  pounds  of  fresh  lake  fish,  of  more 
than  15  species,  are  some  years  sold  in  these  markets  at  first 
hand.  The  river  Maumee  has  been  pronounced  the  most 
prolific  fish-producing  stream  in  the  United  States.  The 
manufacture  of  caviare  and  smoked  sturgeon  has  become  an 
important  industry. 

Commerce  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the  extent  of  the  lak«- 
and  river-fronts  of  Ohio.  The  artificial  channels  of  navi- 
gation are  elsewhere  noticed.  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  San- 
dusky, and  Toledo  are  ports  of  entry.  With-the  variety  of 
natural  and  manufactured  products,  Ohio  has  an  extensive 
commerce,  but  from  her  geographical  position  it  is  mainly 
inter-state  and  domestic  in  character.  A  number  of  sailing 
vessels  and  steamers  owned  in  the  state  are  engaged  in  Uke 
and  river  traffic.  The  building  of  vessels  is  an  important 
industry  at  Cleveland.  Besides  the  ports  of  entry,  there 
are  lake-ports  at  Conneaut,  Ashtabula,  Black  River,  Fair- 
port,  Port  Clinton,  Vermilion,  Put-in  Bay,  Huron,  &c. 

Railroads. — The  first  railroad  (the  Mad  River  Railroad) 
was  begun  in  1835.  In  1841  there  were  36  miles  in  opera- 
tion; in  1846,  129  miles;  in  1850,  575  miles;  in  1855, 
1486  miles;  in  1860,  2946  miles;  in  1865,  3331  miles;  in 
1870,3538  miles;  in  1875,4461  miles;  in  1880,6792  miles; 
in  1885,  7304  miles;  and  in  1890,  7988  miles,  without 
counting  sidings  and  extra  tracks.  The  chief  railroad 
centres  are  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Toledo,  Day- 
ton, and  Mansfield.  Transportation  by  rail  ha«  of  late 
gained  rapidly  in  extent  and  profit  over  that  by  water. 

The  counties  are  88  in  numoer,  viz.,  Adams,  Allen,  Ash- 
land, Ashtabula,  Athens,  Auglaize,  Belmont,  Brown,  But- 
ler, Carroll,  Champaign,  Clark,  Clermont,  Clinton,  Colum- 
biana, Coshocton,  Crawford,  Cuyahoga,  Darke,  Defiance, 
Delaware,  Erie,  Fairfield,  Fayette,  Franklin,  Fulton, 
Gallia,  Geauga,  Greene,  Guernsey,  Hamilton,  Hancock, 
Hardin,  Harrison,  Henry,  Highland,  Hocking,  Holmes, 
Huron,  Jackson,  Jefi'erson,  Knox,  Lake,  Lawrence,  Lick- 
ing, Logan,  Lorain,  Lucas,  Madison,  Mahoning,  Marion, 
Medina,  Meigs,  Mercer,  Miami,  Monroe,  Montgomery, 
Morgan,  Morrow,  Muskingum,  Noble,  Ottawa,  Paulding, 
Perry,  Pickaway,  Pike,  Portage,  Preble,  Putnam,  Rich 
land,  Ross,  Sandusky,  Scioto,  Seneca,  Shelby,  Stark.  Sum 
mit,  Trumbull,  Tuscarawas,  Union,  Van  Wert,  Vinton, 
Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Williams,  Wood,  Wyandot. 
The  principal  cities  and  towns,  following  the  census  of 
1890,  are  Cincinnati,  the  largest  city,  and  a  great  river- 
port  and  manufacturing  centre  (pop.  296,908) ;  Columbus, 
the  capital  (1880,  61,647;  1890,  88,150);  Cleveland,  the 
principal  lake-port  (261,363);  Toledo  (81,434).  Dayton 
(61,220),  Youngstown  (33,220),  Springfield  (31,895),  Akron 
(27,601),    Canton    '26,189),    Zanesville   (21,009),   Findlav 


OHI 


2051 


OHO 


(18,633),  Sandusky  (18,471),  Hamilton  (17,565),  Lima 
(15,981),  Newark  (14,270),  Mansfield  (13,473),  Steubenville 
(13,394),  Portsmouth  (12,394),  ChiUicothe  (11,288),  East 
Liverpool  (10,956),  Ironton  (10,939),  Tiffin  (10,801),  Mas- 
sillon  (10,092),  Bellaire  (9934),  Piqua  (9090),  Ashtabnla 
(8338),  Marion  (8327),  Marietta  (8273),  Delaware  (8224), 
Defiance  (7694),  Middletown  (7681),  Alliance  (7607),  Lan- 
caster (7555),  Xenia  (7301),  Norwalk  (7195),  Fremont 
(7144),  Fostoria  (7070),  Circleville  (6556),  Urbana  (6510), 
Gallon  (6326),  Martin  Ferry  (6250),  Mount  Vernon  (6027), 
Bucyrus  (5974),  Warren  (5973),  besides  many  other  thriving 
towns  like  Wooster,  Salem,  Washington,  Elyria,  Kenton, 
Van  Wert,  Greenville,  Wellsville,  Ac,  some  of  them  popu- 
lous, and  many  having  important  industrial  and  commercial 
interests. 

Oovemment,  dkc. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of 
two  years.  The  general  assembly  (legislature)  consists  of 
a  senate  of  36  and  a  house  of  representatives  of  105  mem- 
bers, and  sits  biennially.  Voters  must  live  one  year  in  the 
state,  one  month  in  the  county,  and  twenty  days  in  the 
ward,  village,  and  township  before  they  can  cast  votes. 
Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  for  definite  terms  of  ser- 
vice. The  state  has  23  electoral  votes,  and  sends  21  repre- 
sentatives to  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  Among  the 
public  institutions  are  lunatic  asylums  at  Columbus,  New- 
burg,  Dayton,  Athens,  Long  view,  Toledo,  and  Carthage;  the 
state  penitentiary  and  state  asylums  for  deaf-mutes,  for  the 
blind,  and  for  idiots,  at  Columbus;  the  state  orphanage, 
at  Xenia ;  the  reform  schools  for  boys,  near  Lancaster ;  for 
girls,  at  White  Sulphur  Springs,  Ac. 

Education. — A  liberal  and  effective  system  of  public  in- 
struction prevails  in  Ohio,  presided  over  by  a  state  board 
of  examiners,  with  county  secretaries,  by  a  state  commis- 
sioner, and  by  local  superintendents  and  boards  of  edu- 
cation. These  offices  may,  in  part,  be  occupied  by  women. 
The  larger  towns  have  graded  and  high  schools,  with  in- 
struction in  German  as  well  as  English,  and  in  some  places 
separate  schools  are  maintained  for  colored  youth.  There 
are  normal  schools  at  Athens,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Day- 
ton, Defiance,  Fremont,  Wadsworth,  and  Woodville.  Four 
of  these  are  aided  by  the  state.  There  are  in  the  state  9  or 
more  universities  (some  of  them  simply  colleges)  and  27 
other  colleges,  besides  6  colleges  for  women.  Nine  or  more 
of  the  above  colleges  admit  students  of  either  sex.  The 
seats  of  colleges  and  universities  are  Akron,  Athens,  Berea, 
Cincinnati  (5),  Cleveland,  College  Hill,  Columbus,  Delaware 
(2),  Gambler,  Glendale,  Granville  (2),  Harlem  Springs,  Hi- 
ram, Iberia,  Marietta,  Mt. Union,  New  Athens,  New  Concord, 
Oberlin,  Oxford,  Richmond,  Rio  Grande,  Scio,  Springfield, 
Syracuse,  Tiffin,  Toledo,  Urbana,  Westerville,  West  Geneva, 
Willoughby,  Wilmington,  Wooster,  Xenia  (2),  and  Yellow 
Springs.  Some  few  of  the  above  are  schools  of  secondary 
instruction.  The  number  of  academies,  seminaries,  and 
private,  parochial,  and  conventual  schools  within  the  state 
IS  very  large,  and  many  of  them  are  of  high  grade.  There 
are  within  the  state  11  regular  and  other  schools  of  medi- 
cine and  the  kindred  professions,  3  of  law,  12  of  theology, 
and  4  of  science,  many  of  them  departmental  or  affiliated 
schools  of  some  university  or  college. 

History. — This  region  was  French  territory  before  1783, 
when  Canada  came  under  British  sway.  In  1787  it  became 
a  part  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1788  the  Rev. 
Manasseh  Cutler's  party  of  New  Englanders  settled  at  Ma- 
rietta, the  oldest  town  in  the  state.  The  Indian  wars  were 
signalized  by  the  defeat  of  Harmar  (1791),  the  utter  over- 
throw of  St.  Clair's  expedition  (1792),  and  the  great  vic- 
tory of  Wayne  (1794).  In  1802  Connecticut  and  Virginia 
ceded  to  the  United  States  jurisdiction  over  their  reserves 
in  this  region.  In  1802  the  state  entered  the  Union.  Here 
occurred,  during  the  war  of  1812-15,  the  battles  of  Lake 
Erie  and  Sandusky,  the  defence  of  Fort  Meigs,  and  that  of 
Fort  Sandusky  by  Croghan.  The  Michigan  line  was  estab- 
lished and  the  state  received  its  present  limits  in  1836. 
No  Northern  state  bore  a  more  conspicuous  part  than  Ohio 
in  the  war  of  1861-65. 

Population. — Northern  Ohio  was  principally  settled  by  im- 
migrants from  New  England  and  New  York,  and  the  central 
and  southern  parts  by  natives  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Maryland,  and  Virginia.  A  colony  of  French  founded  Gal- 
lipolis,  and  many  German  and  Scottish  settlers  have  from 
time  to  time  fixed  their  abodes  in  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1800, 
45,635  ;  in  1810,  230,760 ;  in  1820,  581,245 ;  in  1830, 937,903; 
in  1840,  1,519,467 ;  in  1850,  1,980,329  ;  in  1860,  2,339,611 ; 
in  1870,  2,665,260;  in  1880,  3,198,062;  in  1890,  3,672,316. 
This  state  in  1880  ranked  the  third,  and  in  1890  the  fourth, 
of  the  states  in  population. 

OhiO)  a  southeastern   county  of  Indiana,   borders  on 


Kentucky.  Area,  90  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  th« 
E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Laughery  Creek, 
which  enters  that  river  at  the  N.E.  limit  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  oorn  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Trenton  limestone  under- 
lies a  large  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Rising  Pun.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6837;  in  1880,  6563;  in  1890,  4955. 

Ohio,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  aboat  610 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Green  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Rough  Creek.  The  surface  ia  undu- 
lating, and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  ia  fertile. 
Tobacco,  maize,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  interseoted 
by  the  Newport  News  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Hartford.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,561 ; 
in  1880,  19,669 ;  in  1890,  22,946. 

Ohio,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia,  borders  on 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  120  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Wheeling  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio 
Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  the  Ohio  River  Railroad,  the  Wheeling  &  Elm 
Grove  Railroad,  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  and 
the  Wheeling  Bridge  Terminal  Railroad.  Capital,  Wheeling. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,831 ;  in  1880,  37,467  ;  in  1890,  41,567. 

Ohio,  a  post- village  of  Bureau  oo..  111.,  in  Ohio  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Mendota  &  Clinton  Railroad,  19  miles  W. 
of  Mendota,  and  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  h;ia 
3  churches. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  747. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1078.  It 
contains  Fredonia. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3843.  It 
contains  Rockport. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3290.  It 
contains  Newburg. 

Ohio,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Ohio  town- 
ship, about  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  852. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  541. 
It  contains  Princeton. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Morris  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop.  304. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Saline  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  253.  It 
contains  Bavaria. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  221. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Mississippi  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  632. 

Ohio,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  oo..  Mo.,  10  miles  £.  of 
Appleton  City. 

Ohio,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ohio  township,  Herkimer ^oo., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  has  a  tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  4  saw-mills, 
and  a  pop.  of  987. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.  Pop.  3381.  It 
contains  New  Richmond. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Gallia  oo.,  0.     Pop.  978. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1801.  It 
contains  Baresville. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  685. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  1634. 

Ohio  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  oo.,  Kansas,  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Wichita. 

Ohio  Grove,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  III.  Pop.  1126. 

Ohio  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  oo.,  Kansas. 

Ohio  Pyle,  Pennsylvania.     See  Falls  Citt. 

Ohio  University,  Ohio.    See  Athkks. 

Ohi'oville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Ohioville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ohio  township,  Bearer  ou.. 
Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Smith's  Ferry  Station,  and  about  8* 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Ohi'owa,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  oo.,  Neb. 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  Ohio.  Seo  Dblawabb. 

Ohivaoa,  Marquesas  Islands.     See  Hivaoa. 

Ohlau,  or  Olau,  o'15w,  or  Olawa,  o-lA'»i,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  railway  to  Vienna,  and  on  the 
Oder,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  7947.  It  has  a  pal- 
ace, and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  vinegar, 
tobacco,  beer,  and  rino. 

Ohiman,  Sl'man,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  eo.,  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  20  miles  N.B.  of 
Hillsborough. 

Ohls  (olz)  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0, 
on  the  Niles  A  New  Lisbon  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Nile*. 

Ohomara,  o-ho-moo'rA,  »  town  of  Japan,  island  of 


OHO 


2052 


OKA 


Ki«o-Sioo,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lat. 
32°  55'  27"  N. ;  Ion.  129°  56'  E.  Pop.  20,000.  The  bay  is 
about  20  miles  long  and  14  miles  broad,  but  so  shallow  as 
to  be  navigable  only  for  small  craft. 

Ohoo'pee,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga. 

Ohoo'pee  (or  Great  Ohoopee)  River,  Georgia, 
rises  in  Washington  co.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  en- 
ters the  Altamaha  River  in  Tatnall  co.    Length,  130  miles. 

Ohra,  o'ri,  a  S.  suburb  of  Dantzio,  Prussia.    Pop.  6105. 

Ohrdruff,  0B'dr66flF,  a  fortified  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
of  Saxe-Coburg,  8  miles  S.  of  Gotha.  Pop.  5562.  It  has 
a  palace,  a  lyceum,  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  stuffs 
and  porcelain,  and  trade  in  timber  and  cattle.  In  the 
vicinity  are  iron  and  copper  forges  and  mines. 

Ohre,  o'r^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the  Elbe  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  after  an  E.  course  of  65  miles. 

Ohringen,  bR'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  14  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  3538. 

Oiat,  or  Ojat,  o-y&t',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  on  the 
frontiers  of  the  governments  of  Novgorod  and  Olonetz,  flows 
W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Sveer  9  miles  above  its  mouth,  in  the 
E.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga.     Length,  100  miles. 

O'ich,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Oich. 

Oignies,  win^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
82  miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1740. 

Oignon,  w4n^ydN»',  or  Ognon,  6n*y6N»',  a  river  of 
France,  between  the  departments  of  Haute-Sadne  and 
Doubs,  joins  the  Sadne  9  miles  N.  of  Auxonne,  after  a 
W.S.W.  course  of  80  miles. 

Oil,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1440. 

Oil  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
from  El  Dorado.     It  has  a  coal-mine  and  an  oil-well. 

Oil  City,  a  city  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  is  situated  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Oil  Creek,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Eranklin,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Meadville,  and  18  miles  S. 
of  Titusville.  It  is  connected  with  Pittsburg  (132  miles 
distant)  by  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  is  on  the  Oil 
Creek  A  Alleghany  River  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of 
the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Rail- 
road and  of  the  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  The  residences  are  mostly 
on  a  high  bluflf  known  as  Cottage  Hill,  south  of  the  river, 
and  between  which  and  the  river  is  a  narrow  space  occupied 
by  business  houses.  Oil  City  is  a  principal  oil  market  in 
the  Pennsylvania  oil  regions,  immense  quantities  of  this 
commodity  being  bought  and  sold  here,  which  were  formerly 
shipped  to  Pittsburg  by  steamboats,  but  are  now  carried 
hence  by  railroads.  The  city  contains  15  churches,  7  pub- 
lic schools,  5  banks  and  banking-offices,  7  hotels,  6  oil-re- 
fineries, 2  manufactories  of  engines  and  boilers,  a  large 
tube-mill,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers.  The  river  divides  the  city  into  two 
parts,  which  are  connected  by  3  passenger  bridges,  each 
1150  feet  long,  and  by  a  railroad  bridge.  Oil  City  was 
incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1862,  and  aa  a  city  in  1870. 
Pop.  in  1880,  7315;  in  1890,  10,932. 

Oil  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  in  Sheldon 
township,  on  the  Kickapoo  River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta. 
It  has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Oil  City,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming,  in  Natrona  co., 
on  the  northeastern  slope  of  the  Rattlesnake  Hills,  about 
76  miles  N.  of  Rawlins. 

Oil  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  near  Pike's  Peak,  in  El 
Paso  CO.,  runs  nearly  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Arkan- 
sas River  at  Canon  City,  in  Fremont  co.  In  the  valley  of 
Oil  Creek,  in  the  foot-hills  of  the  mountains,  are  oil-springs. 

Oil  Creek,  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  Ohio  10 
miles  above  Rome. 

Oil  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the  eastern  part  of 
Crawford  co.,  runs  southward  in  Venango  co.,  and  enters 
the  Alleghany  River  at  Oil  City.  It  is  nearly  50  miles 
long.  It  traverses  one  of  the  most  productive  oil  regions 
of  the  United  States.  The  oil  (petroleum)  is  obtained  by 
boring  deeply  into  strata  of  sandstone  and  shale.  The 
largest  town  on  its  bank  is  Titusville. 

Oil  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  oo.,  Ind.,  about  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cannelton. 

Oil  Creek,  a  post-borough  in  Oil  Creek  township, 
Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Bufi"alo  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of 
Titusville,  and  about  24  miles  E.  of  Meadville.  Petroleum 
is  found  near  this  place.  It  has  a  public  hall,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  sash,  wagons,  <fcc.  Pop.  428;  of  the 
township,  exclusive  of  Titusville,  2041.  The  railroad  sta- 
tion in  Oil  Creek  borough  is  called  Hydetown. 

Oil  Creek,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.     P.  5098. 

Oil  Creek,  Ontario.    See  Copleston. 


Oil  Mill  Village,  a  post-hamlet  in  Weare  township, 
Hillsborough  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Oil  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky. 

Oil  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Black  Creek,  5  miles  S.  of  Petrolia.  This  place  was  a 
few  years  ago  the  scene  of  considerable  business.  As  many 
as  35  oil-wells  were  opened ;  and  a  few  are  still  operated. 
The  village  contains  a  hotel  and  6  stores.     Pop.  35U. 

Oil  Trough,  troff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  on  White  River,  about  15  miles  below  Batesville.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Oil'ville,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  oo.,  Va. 

Oira,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Oria. 

Oiriyah,  oi-ree'y4,  or  Auraya,  aw-ri'yi,  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Etawah.     Pop.  6469. 

Oirschot,  oiR'sKfit,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  13  miles  S.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  3969. 

Oise,  wiz,  almost  wize  (anc.  laaraf),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  by  two  streams,  one  near  Chimay,  in  Belgium,  and 
the  other  near  Rocroy,  France.  It  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Seine  on  the  right  above  Conflans.  Length,  158  miles. 
Affluents,  on  the  left  the  Ain,  on  the  right  the  Th6rain. 

Oise,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.E.,  formed 
of  the  old  provinces  of  Ile-de-France  and  Picardy.  Area, 
2218  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  401,835.  It  Ues  in  the 
basin  of  the  Seine,  and  is  watered  by  the  Oise  and  its  afilu- 
ents  the  Ain  and  Th6rain ;  the  Epte  on  the  W.  separates 
it  from  the  department  of  Euro,  and  the  Ourcq  traverses  it 
in  the  S.E.  Surface  generally  level.  Agriculture  is  in  a 
very  advanced  state.  Chief  products,  cereal  grain,  flax, 
fruits,  and  hemp.  Wine  of  inferior  quality  is  made,  and 
cider  and  beer  are  extensively  used.  The  department 
contains  several  large  forests,  the  largest  being  that  of 
Compi^gne.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  numerous.  The  princi- 
pal manufactures  are  woollen  goods,  carpets,  linens,  calico, 
paper,  leather,  crockery,  and  lace.     Capital,  Beauvais. 

OisseNsur- Seine,  w&s^s^l'  sUr  ein,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Havre  Railway, 
8  miles  S.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  3405. 

Oisterwi^k,  or  Oisterwyk,  ois't^r-wik^  a  market- 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2258. 

Oisy,  wi^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Arras.     Pop.  2238. 

Oits  Mitsoo  (or  Mitsn),  oits  mit-soo',  or  Biwako, 
be-w&'ko,  a  great  lake  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo.  It  is  situ- 
ated about  10  miles  E.  of  Kioto,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
formed  in  one  night,  in  285  B.C.,  by  an  enormous  depression 
of  the  ground,  which  occurred  simultaneously  with  the  up- 
heaving of  the  mountain  Foosee.  It  is  said  to  measure 
about  70  miles  from  S.  to  N.,  and  21  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Ojalava,  o-yi-l&'v4,  or  Oyolava,  o-yo-li'vi,  one  of 
the  Samoan  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  14°  2'  40" 
S.;  Ion.  171°  22'  W. 

Ojat,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oiat. 

Ojen,  or  Oxen,  o-nin',  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1810. 

OjiJAres,  or  Oxixares,  o-He-H&'ris,  the  name  of  two 
villages  of  Spain,  S.W.  of  Granada,  on  the  Genii. 

Ojinaga,  or  Villa  de  Ojinaga,  veel'y&  dk  o-aee- 
n&'g&,  formerly  Presidio  del  Norte,  pr4-see'de-o  del 
nor'ti,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chihuahua,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  a  few  miles  below  Presidio,  Tex.,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  Conchas.  It  has  a  church,  a  custom-house,  a 
hot  spring,  and  an  unwrought  silver-mine.  It  is  the  seat 
of  an  active  export  and  import  trade.     Pop.  3000. 

Ojo  Caliente,  o'ho  kll-le-£n't4,  a  post-village  of  Rio 
Arriba  co..  New  Mexico,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Santa 
F6.  It  has  a  church,  and  numerous  hot  springs  which  are 
reputed  to  have  medicinal  virtue. 

O*  K.,  a  post-hamlet  and  landing  of  Tunica  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  from  Helena,  Ark.,  and 
70  miles  below  Memphis.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Oka,  o'ki,  an  important  river  of  Central  Russia,  rises 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  flows  through  the  governments 
of  Toola,  Kalooga,  Moscow,  Riazan,  Vladimeer,  and  Nizh- 
nee-Novgorod,  and  joins  the  Volga  at  Nizhnee-Novgorod, 
after  a  course  of  650  miles.  It  receives  the  Oopa,  Zhizdra 
( Jizdra),  Moskva,  Zna,  and  Kliazma  Rivers.  Though  rapid, 
it  is  navigable  for  almost  its  whole  course,  and  at  Toola  it 
is  connected  with  the  Don  by  the  Ivanovska  Canal. 

Oka,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  joins 
the  Angara  at  Bratzkoi.     Course  N.,  500  miles. 

O'ka,  formerly  Lake  of  Two  Monntains,  an  In- 
dian village  in  the  co.  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  situated 


OKA 


2053 


OLA 


on  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  an  expansion  of  the  Ottawa 
River,  36  miles  from  Montreal.     Pop.  1160. 

O^kabe'na  Ijake^  Minnesota,  is  in  Nobles  oo.,  about 
5  miles  from  the  S.  boundary  of  the  state.  It  is  nearly  8 
miles  long. 

O^kachee'da,  a  township  of  Murray  cc,  Minn.  P.  116. 

O'kahay  Creek^  Mississippi,  rises  in  Smith  oo.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  Leaf  River  in  Covington  co. 

Ok'aman,  a  post-village  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Janesville  township,  on  a  small  lake,  about  20  miles  E.  of 
Mankato.  It  has  a  private  bank  and  a  flouring-mill.  There 
are  20  lakes  within  10  miles  of  this  place. 

Okamundel)  or  Okhainuudel,o-k&-mfin'dil,  a  dis- 
trict of  India,  forming  the  W.  part  of  Kattywar.  It  is 
nearly  insulated  by  the  sea  and  by  marshes,  and  is  a  very 
barren  district.     Area,  334  square  miles.     Pop.  112,590. 

Okanda,  o-kd,n'd&,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tokio. 

Okan'ogan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Washington, 
bordering  on  British  Columbia,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Cascade  Mountains,  on  the  S.  by  the  Wenaohee  River,  and 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Columbia  River.  It  is  intersected  from 
N.to  S.  by  the  Okanogan  River.  Its  surface,  which  in  the 
central  and  western  parts  is  hilly,  is  well  watered.  Lake 
Chelan  is  situated  in  the  southern  portion  of  this  county. 
Area,  7258  square  miles.  Capital,  Conconully.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1467. 

Okanogan  (or  Okanagon)  River  rises  in  British 
Columbia,  in  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  runs  southward  into 
Washington,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  near  lat.  48° 
7'  N.  It  is  about  300  miles  long.  The  lake  is  about  60 
miles  long,  and  is  comparatively  narrow.  This  river  is 
remarkable  for  its  fluviatile  lakes. 

Okanoxubee  River,  Miss.    See  Noxubee  River. 

Okasaki,  o-k&-s^'l:ee.  a  town  of  Japan,  on  a  river  near 
the  Gulf  of  Ovari,  132  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio. 

O'kaw,  a  station  in  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo  <fc 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  44  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

O'kawville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  111.,  on 
the  Kt.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  almost  contiguous  to  Bridgeport,  and 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  472. 

O'Kean,  o-keen',  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  22J  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corning. 

Okea'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  about  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  a  church. 

Okecho'bee,  or  Okeecho'bee,  a  lake  in  the  S. 
part  of  Florida,  is  partly  included  in  Brevard  and  Dade 
COS.  It  is  about  40  miles  long  and  26  miles  wide.  Its 
greatest  depth  is  about  20  feet. 

Okee',  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  is  2  miles 
from  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Okee'che  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  eastward  through 
Sumter  co.  into  the  Tombigbee, 

O  Keer,  o  kais,  or  Alt-Keer,  llt-kaiB,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs.     Pop.  3447. 

Okefino'kee  (or  Okefono'ko)  Swamp,  Georgia, 
an  extensive  swampy  tract,  mostly  included  in  the  cos.  of 
Charlton  and  Ware.  It  touches  the  N.  border  of  Florida. 
It  is  infested  with  alligators,  and  partly  overgrown  with 
vines,  weeds,  and  bushes,  but  is  in  other  parts  a  marshy 
forest,  with  islands  of  hard  ground,  and  many  lakes  and 
prairies  tremblantes. 

O'kemos,  a  post-village  in  Meridian  township,  Ingham 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lan- 
sing <fc  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  a  flour- 
ing-mill.    Pop.  about  260. 

Oker,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Ocker. 

Oke'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Okewal'kee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Oconee 
from  the  right  in  Montgomery  co. 

Okhansk,  or  Ochansk,  o-Kinsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Perm,  on  the  Kama.     Pop.  1633. 

Okliota,  o-Ko'tfl,,  a  river  of  Siberia,  in  the  district  of 
Okhotsk,  after  a  S.  course  of  about  200  miles  from  the 
Stanovoi  Mountains,  enters  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk  at  Okhotsk. 
Ok^hotsk',  a  maritime  town  of  Siberia,  government  of 
Primorsk,  on  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  Lat.  59°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
143°  14'  E.  It  has  declined,  but  it  contains  a  government 
house,  an  admiralty  hospital,  and  large  storehouses.    P.  210. 

Okhotsk,  Sea  of,  or  More  Okhotskoe,  mo'ri'  o- 


Kot'8ko-&\  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  IM.  61" 
and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  137°  and  166°  E.,  having  E.  Kam- 
chatka, and  W.  the  island  of  Saghalin  and  Ea»Uam  Siberia. 
It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Amoor  and  many  •mailer 
rivers,  and  at  its  N.E.  end  are  the  QoUii  of  Jijiginsk  »dA 
Penjinsk. 

Okhrida,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Ochbida. 

Okhta,  or  Ochta,  oK'ti,  a  town  of  Russia,  gorero- 
ment  and  1  mile  £.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Neva.     lU 

Eeople  are  mostly  employed  in  the  dock-yards  of  St.  Peters- 
urg,  and  in  powder-mills  and  imperial  cannon-foundries. 

Oki,  o'kee,  an  island  of  Japan,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Hondo.  Lat.  36°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  133°  B.  Length,  10  milea, 
by  5  miles  in  breadth. 

Okinakane  River.    See  Okahogas  River. 

Ok'kak,  or  O'kak,  a  port  and  Moravian  mission-sta- 
tion of  Labrador,  120  miles  N.W.  of  Nain.     Pop.  349. 

Okladnikovo,  or  Okladnikowo,  ok-lid-ne-ko'vu, 
a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel,  40  miles  E.  of 
Mezen.     Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  9  miles. 

Oklahoma,  ok-lah-ho'mab,  a  territory  of  the  United 
States,  bounded  N.  by  Kansas  and  Colorado,  E.  by  Indian 
Territory,  S.  by  Texas,  and  W.  by  Texas  and  New  Mexico. 
The  territory  comprises  what  once  formed  the  western  part 
of  Indian  Territory  together  with  the  narrow  strip  N\  of 
the  Texas  panhandle.  This  latter  section,  formerly  known 
as  the  Public  Land  Strip,  or  "  No-Man's-Land,"  was  ceded 
to  the  United  States  by  Texas  in  1850,  bnt  in  fixing  the 
boundaries  during  the  territorial  legislation  which  followed, 
this  strip  was  left  out,  and  for  forty  years  wa^  wicbont  a 
name  and  without  law,  though  it  was  often  erroneously 
represented  on  the  maps  as  forming  a  part  of  Indian  Terri- 
tory.    The  area  of  Oklahoma  is  39,030  square  miles. 

Surface. — The  narrow  strip  lying  N.  ot  Texas  is  gener- 
ally reported  as  an  arid  plateau  region,  which  in  the  dry 
summer  season  is  often  covered  with  saline  efiSorescence, 
but  accounts  differ,  and  the  river  valleys  are  said  to  be 
fertile,  and  the  land  generally  well  adapted  to  stock-raising. 
The  highest  land  is  in  the  N.W.,  with  a  gradual  slope 
towards  tlie  S.  and  S.E.  On  the  rolling  plains  there  are 
few  trees,  and  the  streams  have  in  many  cases  cut  deep 
canons  below  the  general  level.  In  the  S.  between  the 
Canadian  and  the  Red  Rivers  are  the  Wichita  Mountains, 
of  considerable  elevation.  They  are  continuous  with  the 
hills  in  Indian  Territory,  and  serve  as  a  sort  of  connecting 
link  between  the  Ozark  Mountains  of  Arkansas  and  Mis- 
souri and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  which  are  regarded  as 
geologically  coeval  with  them. 

Gliinate. — The  climate  is  mild  and  generally  healthful, 
though  in  the  S.W.  there  are  tracts  of  marshy  land  where 
fevers  are  prevalent.  The  rainfall  is  light,  though  slightly 
greater  than  that  of  Western  Kansas.  There  is,  however, 
a  liability  to  droughts,  and  the  country  is  subject  to  dust, 
high  winds,  and  "  Northers"  or  cold  wind-storms  from  the 
north  which  develop  rapidly  and  often  prevail  for  a  day 
or  two  at  a  time.  Much  of  the  water  is  alkaline  or  salty 
and  unfit  for  drinking. 

Geology. — The  western  portion  of  the  territory  belongs 
to  the  cretaceous  and  Jura-trias  periods,  and  the  E.  is 
mostly  of  Permo-carboniferous  formation.  In  the  W.  and 
N.W.  there  are  extensive  deposits  of  gypsum  and  salt. 

Rivera. — The  important  streams  are  the  Cimarron,  Cana- 
dian, and  other  branches  of  the  Arkansas  River  in  the 
northern  and  central  portions,  and  the  Red  River  with  its 
affluents  which  drain  the  southern  section.  Many  of  these 
streams  are  nearly  or  wholly  waterless  in  summer. 

Hietory  and  Oovernment.— From  the  days  of  the  early 
Spaniards  in  the  17th  century,  glowing  accounts  have 
been  given  of  the  wonderful  fertility  of  this  region,  but  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  it  contains  only  fair  farming  and  grasing 
land,  with  tracts  in  the  lowlands  along  the  streams  which 
are  really  productive.  As  a  whole  it  resembles  the  sur- 
rounding country  in  Kansas  and  Texas,  and  is.  like  those 
sections,  apt  to  suffer  from  droughU.  Oklahoma,  an  Indian 
word  for  *' beautiful  land,"  was  the  name  given  to  the 
western  part  of  Indian  Territory  ceded  by  the  Indians  to 
the  United  States  in  1866.  The  treaties  under  which  tbes« 
lands  were  released  stipulated  that  they  were  to  be  used  by 
the  government  for  the  settlement  of  other  Indian  tribal 
or  freedmen,  but  were  not  to  be  open  to  whites.  From 
time  to  time  after  this  cession,  various  tribes  were  located 
in  different  parts  of  this  region,  but  much  of  the  land 
remained  unoccupied.  The  knowledge  of  the  fact  that 
large  areas  were  owned  by  the  government  and  were  lying 
idle  stimulated  speculators  and  adventurers  in  the  sur- 
rounding states  with  a  desire  to  possess  the  land.  They 
utterly  disregarded  or  claimed  to  be  ignorant  of  the  speoifio 


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2054 


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stipulations  as  to  the  character  of  the  inhabitants.  In 
1879  letters  were  published  and  circulated  in  Kansas,  Ar- 
kansas, Missouri,  and  Texas  declaring  the  lands  open  to 
settlement  by  citizens  of  the  United  States  under  the 
homestead  laws,  and  organized  efforts  were  made  to  ac- 
quire possession  of  the  land.  Under  the  guidance  of  ener- 
getic and  perhaps  unprincipled  leaders  parties  of  so-called 
"boomers"  entered  the  territory  with  the  intention  of 
securing  homes,  and  fully  prepared  with  appliances  for 
permanent  settlement.  On  April  26,  1879,  and  again  in 
February,  1880,  President  Hayes  issued  proclamations  for- 
bidding the  attempt  and  ordering  the  removal  of  the  in- 
truders by  military  force  if  necessary.  There  was  no  penalty 
for  the  offence  except  a  fine  of  $1000,  which  had  to  be  ob- 
tained as  the  result  of  a  suit,  and  though  some  of  the 
leaders  were  repeatedly  arrested,  they  were  never  con- 
victed, and  were  released  only  to  return  after  each  repulse 
with  a  band  of  followers  greatly  increased  in  numbers. 
They  are  said  to  have  received  large  sums  of  money  in  fees 
from  actual  settlers,  and  by  the  sale  of  claims  to  others 
who  did  not  enter  the  territory.  Subsequently,  in  1884,  the 
boomers  became  as  aggressive  as  ever,  and  in  December  of 
that  year  an  armed  body  of  men  bid  defiance  to  the  United 
States  troops.  They  were,  however,  obliged  to  surrender 
in  January,  1885.  In  the  following  March,  Congress 
authorized  the  President  to  open  negotiations  with  the 
Creeks,  Seminoles,  and  Cherokees,  for  the  purpose  of  open- 
ing the  unassigned  lands  to  settlement  by  the  whites.  At 
the  same  time.  President  Cleveland  issued  a  proclamation, 
stating  the  intention  of  the  government  to  maintain  the 
integrity  of  the  treaties  with  the  Indians,  but  the  invasions 
still  continued.  Early  in  1889,  arrangements  were  con- 
cluded with  the  Creeks  and  Seminoles,  by  which,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  payment  by  the  government  of  $4,193,- 
799.12,  the  clause  forbidding  settlement  by  white  citizens 
on  the  lands  ceded  by  them  in  1866  was  cancelled.  The 
area  which  thus  became  the  absolute  property  of  the  gov- 
ernment amounted  to  6,439,865  acres.  Owing  largely  to 
the  interference  of  speculators,  the  Cherokees  did  not  accept 
the  terms  oflfered  by  the  government  until  May  17,  1893, 
when  the  United  States  acquired  the  ownership  of  6,022,754 
acres,  constituting  the  famous  "  Cherokee  Outlet,"  by  the 
payment  of  $8,595,736.  President  Harrison  then  issued  a 
proclamation  defining  the  boundaries  of  a  portion  of  the 
recently-acquired  land,  which  was  opened  for  settlement  on 
April  22.  The  creation  of  a  new  district  with  a  population 
of  50,000  persons,  in  a  single  day,  was  a  novelty  even  in 
the  history  of  the  rapid  development  of  the  West.  Yet 
such  was  what  occurred.  Lines  of  wagons  miles  in  extent, 
persons  on  foot  and  on  horseback,  as  well  as  several  thou- 
sand brought  by  railroad,  crossed  the  borders  and  chose 
sites  for  future  homes.  In  many  instances  colonies  had 
been  formed,  outfits  for  towns  were  already  prepared,  and 
portable  houses  were  in  many  cases  erected  before  night- 
fall. The  prevalence  of  dust  and  the  scarcity  of  water, 
however,  created  much  suffering.  There  was  for  some  time 
no  form  of  local  government,  and  the  new  community  was 
subject  only  to  federal  authority.  A  month  after  the  open- 
ing day,  a  convention  was  called  at  Guthrie  to  take  steps 
towards  providing  a  provisional  code.  This  was  followed 
by  another  meeting  at  Fresno,  but  owing  to  the  rivalry 
between  Guthrie  and  Oklahoma  City,  each  of  which  was 
urged  by  the  local  politicians  na  the  most  desirable  place 
for  the  capital,  there  was  no  harmony  of  action.  President 
Harrison  signed  a  bill  on  May  2,  1890,  creating  Oklahoma 
Territory,  and  appointing  a  governor,  chief  justice,  two 
associate  justices,  a  United  States  attorney,  and  a  United 
States  marshal,  and  also  making  provision  for  the  election 
of  a  legislature  by  the  people.  While  Oklahoma  was  sub- 
ject to  the  invasions  of  the  boomers,  settlers  had  gradually 
taken  up  their  abode  in  No-Man's-Land,  but  owing  to  the 
character  of  the  country  and  the  lack  of  protection  offered 
in  a  region  having  no  law,  immigrants  were  very  cautious 
about  selecting  the  region  as  a  home.  Those  who  had  been 
adventurous  enough  to  hazard  the  experiment  formed  a 
provisional  government  in  1887,  and  sent  a  delegate  to  Con- 
gress, asking  that  the  Public  Land  Strip  might  be  organized 
into  a  territory  with  the  name  of  Cimarron.  A  bill  to  thus 
create  the  territory  failed  in  the  49th  Congress,  and  a  sec- 
ond bill  was  referred  in  the  50th  Congress  to  the  committee 
on  territories,  but  when  Oklahoma  was  formed,  this  section 
was  made  one  of  the  counties  of  the  new  territory.  In 
September,  1891,  the  land  acquired  from  the  Sacs  and  Foxes, 
the  lowas,  and  Pottawatomies  was  thrown  open  for  settle- 
ment. Again,  in  September,  1893,  the  scenes  which  were 
characteristic  of  the  first  mad  rush  for  the  new  land  were 
repeated  upon  the  occasion  when  the  long-coveted  Cherokee 


Strip  was  thrown  open  to  the  throngs  waiting  along  its  bor- 
ders. Other  tracts,  aggregating  over  9000  square  miles,  be- 
long to  the  territory,  but  are  still  occupied  by  Indian  tribes. 

Education. — School  laws  were  enacted  at  the  first  meet- 
ing of  the  legislature.  A  territorial  university  has  been 
established  at  Norman,  Cleveland  oo.,  a  normal  school  at 
Edmund,  Oklahoma  co.,  and  an  agricultural  and  mechanical 
college  at  Stillwater,  Payne  oo. 

Political  Divisions  and  Population. — At  the  time  of 
organization  the  territory  contained  seven  counties.  This 
number  was  later  increased,  and  the  new  counties  were 
designated  by  the  letters  of  the  alphabet,  which  in  several 
oases  have  been  supplanted  by  names  chosen  by  vote  of 
the  residents.  The  list  of  counties  in  1894  is  as  follows : 
Beaver,  Blaine,  Canadian,  Cleveland,  D,  Day,  G,  E,  King- 
fisher, L,  Lincoln,  Logan,  M,  N,  0,  Oklahoma,  P,  Payne, 
Pottawatomie,  Q,  Roger  Mills,  and  Washita,  besides  Greer 
CO.,  situated  between  the  forks  of  the  Red  River  and  claimed 
by  Texas.  There  is  also  a  considerable  extent  of  unorgan- 
ized land.  The  population  in  1890  was  61,834,  and  the 
principal  towns  are  Oklahoma  City  (4151),  Guthrie,  the 
capital  (2788),  East  Guthrie  (2141),  and  Kingfisher  (1134). 

Okmnl'gee)  a  post-village  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  is  44  miles  W.  of  Muskogee.  It  has  a  ohurch 
and  a  public  school. 

Okua,  ok'n&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  on  the 
Tatros,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Yassy.     Pop.  3840. 

Okiia,  a  small  town  of  Roumania,  in  Wallaohia,  N.E. 
of  Caiiipina. 

Okna-IHare,  ok'n&-m&'ri,  a  town  of  Rcamania,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Rimnik.     Pop.  8640. 

Okoboji  (o-ko-bo'je)  Lake,  East  and  West,  two  lakes 
in  the  N.  central  part  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  The  village 
of  Spirit  Lake  is  on  the  shore  of  East  Okoboji  Lake. 

Okolo'na,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
flour-mill,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Okolonaf  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Corinth,  and 
about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  oflSces,  a  male  academy,  a  female  institute,  and 
2  banks.     Pop.  in  1890,  2099. 

Okolona^  a  post-hamlet  in  Napoleon  township,  Henry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Toledo. 

Okolona,  a  post-ofSco  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 

Okolona,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Okonagan  Kiver.    See  Okanogan  Riter. 

Okono'kOy  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Ya., 
on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Cum- 
berland, Md.     It  has  about  10  houses. 

Okoseer,  or  Okosir,  o^ko-seer',  a  small  island  of 
Japan,  W.  of  Yesso.     Lat.  420  4/  n_  .  ]on.  139°  24'  E. 

Oktibbeha^  ok-tib'be-haw,  a  small  river  of  Mississippi, 
rises  near  the  S.  border  of  Pontotoc  00.,  runs  southeastward 
through  the  cos.  of  Chickasaw  and  Clay,  and  enters  the 
Tombigbee  River  about  6  miles  above  Columbus. 

Oktibbeha,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Mis- 
sissippi, has  an  area  of  about  46U  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Oktibbeha  and  Noxubee  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road. Capita],  SUrkville.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,891 ;  in  1880, 
15,978;  in  1890,  17,694. 

Ok'toc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  00.,  Miss.,  11  miles 
W.  of  Crawfordsville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

O'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  about  32  miles 
S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ola'mon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenbush  township,  Pe- 
nobscot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and 
on  the  Eurooean  &  North  American  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  B.*ngor.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  fish- 
barrels.,  and  staves. 

Olancha,  o-lan'shq,,  a  post-ofiice  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Owen  Lake,  42  miles  S.  of  Independence. 

O'land,  or  Oeland,  o'l&nt,  an  island  of  Sweden,  near 
its  S.E.  extremity  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  Kalmar  Sound.  Length,  85  miles ;  average  breadth, 
7  miles.  Area,  608  square  miles.  Pop.  33,000.  Fishing 
and  navigation  form  the  chief  occupations  of  its  inhabi- 
tants, but  about  300  hands  are  employed  in  an  alum-mine, 
the  most  important  in  Scandinavia.  Principal  town,  Borg 
holm,  the  capital,  on  its^E.  side. 

dland,  or  liittle  Oland,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in 
Slesvvick,  between  the  mainland  and  the  island  of  Fbhr. 


I 


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2055 


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dland  Islands,  Oulf  of  Bothnia.  See  Aland  Islands. 

Olargues,  o'laRg',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Pons,  on  the  Jaur.     Pop.  1017. 

Olario,  an  island  of  France.     See  OlSron. 

Olathe,  o-la'the,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Olathe  township,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lawrence, 

21  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about  32  miles  S.  of 
Leavenworth.  It  is  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  & 
Gulf  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence 
&  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches, 
4  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank,  an  asylum  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  commer- 
cial college.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1871.  Pop. 
in  1890.  3294;  of  the  township,  additional,  1495. 

Olau,  or  Olawa,  Prussia.     See  Ohlatj. 

O'laville,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Athens. 

Olbernhan,  ol'b^rn-how^  a  town  of  Saxony,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  3550. 

Oibersdorf,  ol'b§rs-doRr,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 

22  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau,  on  the  Oppa.     Pop.  2396. 
Olcenengo,  ol-chi-n5n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 

«f  Novara,  3  miles  from  San  Germane.     Pop.  1099. 

Olchana,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Olshana. 

Olcinium,  the  ancient  name  of  Dulcigno. 

Ol'cott,  a  post-village  in  New  Fane  township,  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Lookport. 
It  has  8  churches,  3  hotels,  several  warehouses,  and  a  light- 
house. It  is  1^  miles  from  Olcott  Station  of  the  Rome, 
Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad. 

Old  A'gency,  a  post-office  of  Choteau  co.,  Montana. 

Old  Alexan'dria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Mo., 
•bout  60  miles  N.W.  of  6t.  Louis. 

Old  Alresford,  England.     See  Alresford. 

Old  Arad,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Alt-Arad. 

Old  Bajibo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bajibo. 

Old  Baldy,  bild'e,  a  mountain  in  Madison  co.,  Mon- 
tana, near  Virginia  City,  the  highest  point  of  a  high  wall 
of  limestone  at  the  head  of  Alder  Gulch.  Its  altitude  is 
9711  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  in  the  upper  por- 
tion of  both  sides  the  characteristic  carboniferous  fossils  are 
very  abundant. 

Old  Barns,  or  Beaver  Brook,  a  post-village  in 
Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  6i  miles  from  Truro.  Pop.  375. 

Old  Beacon,  New  York.    See  Beacon  Hill. 

Old  Becse,  Hungary.     See  Becse. 

Old  Beijerland  (or  Beyerland).    See  Bbterland. 

Old  Boon'ton,  a  decayed  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
1  mile  S.  of  Boonton.     Here  is  the  Morris  co.  almshouse. 

Old  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  East  Brunswick  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  N.  J.,  on  South  River,  and  on  the  Cam- 
den &  Amboy  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  South  Amboy. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  pottery,  and  a  snuff-mill. 

Old  Brighton,  a  town  of  England.    See  Brighton. 

Old  Brother,  briiTH'^r,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Oldbury,  old'b^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Worces- 
ter, at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham.  It 
has  Independent,  Baptist,  and  Wesleyan  chapels,  an  en- 
dowed school,  a  prison,  and  manufactures  of  chemicals  and 
railway-cars.     Pop.  16,410. 

Old  Cairo,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Fostat. 

Old  Calabar,  a  river  of  Africa.  See  Calabar  River. 

Old  Castile  (Sp.  GaatiUa  la  Vieja,  kis-teel'y4  14  ve- 
4'Hi),  an  old  province  of  Spain,  comprising  the  N.  portion 
of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Castile,  and  forming  the  present 
provinces  of  Burgos,  Valladolid,  Palencia,  Avila,  Segovia, 
Soria,  Logrofio,  and  Santander.  Greatest  length,  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.,  210  miles ;  breadth,  170  miles.  Area,  29,210  square 
miles.  The  S.  portion  of  the  territory  is  traversed  by  the 
Sierra  Guadarama,  and  the  N.  by  the  mountains  of  Astu- 
rias,  while  in  the  centre  the  Sierra  Ocoa  separates  the  basins 
of  the  Ebro  and  the  Douro.     Pop.  1,693,298. 

Oldcas'tle,  or  Clotynge,  klo'tinj,  a  market-town 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kells.  It 
has  extensive  corn-mills  and  a  large  yarn-trade. 

Old  Chnrch,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  about 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Old  Coi'ony  House,  a  station  on  the  South  Shore 
Railroad,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Old  Concord,  kong'kord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
00.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Deer,  Scotland.     See  Deer. 

Old  Ditch,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 

Old  Don'gola,  a  ruined  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Dongola. 

Old  Dn^quoin',  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  oo..  111.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 


Old  Durham,  Quebec.    See  Danbt. 

Oldeboorn,  ol'd^h-bijRn^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Friesland,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  136.3. 

Oldebroek,  ol'd^h-brSSk^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Elburg.     Pop.  4683. 

Old  Ec^ricok',  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  Old  Calabar 
River.     Lat.  6°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  10'  E. 

OldehOTB,  ol'd^h-hoV^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Groningen. 

Oldemark,  ol'd^h-mank*,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Meppel.     Pop.  2720. 

Oldenbnrg,  ol'd^n-bfirg  (Qer.  pron.  ol'd^n-bSCRe*),  a 
state  of  the  German  Empire,  in  the  N.W.,  with  the  title  of 
grand  duchy,  composed  of  three  separate  portions:  lat,  the 
duchy  of  Oldenburg,  which  forms  five-sixths  of  the  terri- 
tory, and  is  boanded  by  Hanover  on  the  E.,  S.,  and  W.,  and 
on  the  N.  by  the  North  Sea ;  capital,  Oldenburg ;  2d,  the 
principality  of  Liibeck  or  Eutin,  enclosed  by  Holstein,  Prus- 
sia; and  3d,  the  principality  of  Birkenfeld,  in  Rhenish 
Prussia ;  capital,  Birkenfeld.  Area  of  the  duchy  of  Olden- 
burg, 2076  square  miles ;  pop.  279,008.  Principality  of 
Liibeck,  area,  109  square  miles;  pop.  76,485.  Principality 
of  Birkenfeld,  area  194  square  miles;  pop.  41,242.  Total 
area,  2379  square  miles;  pop.  in  1890,  396,735. 

By  treaty  between  Prussia  and  Oldenburg  in  1868,  the 
grand  duke  renounced  his  hereditary  rights,  as  chief  of 
the  house  of  Gottorp,  upon  Sohleswig-Holstein,  Ac,  and 
Prussia  ceded  the  Holstein  bailiwick  of  Ahrensbok,  with 
small  districts  near  it.  The  duchy  of  Oldenburg  lies  in  a 
basin  of  the  North  Sea,  and  is  entirely  level.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Weser,  the  left  bank  of  which  belongs  to  the  duchy 
from  Bremen  to  the  sea,  the  Hunte,  the  Hasise,  and  the  Jahde. 
Liibeck  is  also  flat,  and  borders  on  the  Baltic.  Birkenfeld 
is  on  the  slope  of  the  Idarwald ;  its  highest  point  is  2300 
feet  above  the  sea.  The  climate  of  Oldenburg  resembles 
that  of  the  Netherlands.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  with  ex- 
tensive sand-dunes  and  marshes.  The  pasturage  is  excel- 
lent ;  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  reared.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  linens  and  coarse  woollens. 

Oldenburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  above 
grand  duchy,  at  a  railway  junction,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bremen,  on  the  Hunte,  which  here,  receiving  the  Haaren, 
forms  a  harbor.  It  has  a  castle  of  the  grand  duke,  a  palace 
of  the  princes,  the  church  of  St.  Lambert,  several  other 
churches,  a  college,  a  library  of  100,000  volumes,  a  picture- 
gallery,  gymnasium,  barracks,  a  fine  museum,  normal  and 
military  schools,  hospitals,  manufactures  of  sugar,  soap,  and 
musical  instruments,  numerous  breweries  and  distilleries, 
and  a  trade  in  wood,  wool,  and  cattle.   Pop.  (1890)  23,118. 

Oldenbnrg,  ol'd^n-boSRO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein, on  a  canal,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  2608. 

Oldenburg,  ol'd^n-bfirg,  a  post-village  in  Ray  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenoe- 
burg.  It  has  2  churches,  an  institute  for  girls,  a  flour-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  690. 

Oldendorf,  ol'd^n-donr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  th« 
Weser,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1343. 

Old'enplace,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddle  oo.,  Va. 

Oldensworth,  ol'd9ns-*oRt\  a  village  of  Prussia,  In 
Sleswick,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Husum.     Pop.  1281. 

Oldenzaal,ol'd§nt-24r,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  10  miles  E.N.E".  of  Delden.     Pop.  3493. 

Oldesioe,  ol'd^s-lo'^h,  or  Oldesld,  ordfs-16',  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the  Trave,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Hamburg.  Pop.  4290.  Near  it  are  saline  baths,  and  salt- 
works producing  annually  7000  tons  of  salt. 

Old  Field,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  neek  of 
land  between  Long  Island  Sound  and  Conscience  Bay,  4* 
miles  N.E.  of  Setauket.     Near  it  is  a  light-house. 

Old  Field,  a  township  of  Ashe  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  695. 

Old  Field,  a  township  of  Wilson  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  1165. 

Oldfield  Point  liight-Honse,  Long  Island,  oppo- 
site  Stratford,  Conn.,  shows  a  fixed  light  67  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  40°  58'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  73°  V  30"  W. 

Old  Forge,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  4  or  ^  miles  S.W. 
of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Old  Fort,  a  post-village  in  Old  Fort  township,  Mc- 
Dowell CO.,  N.C,  1  mile  from  the  E.  base  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Morgantown.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1280. 

Old  Frame,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo.,  Pa. 

Old  Fur'nace,  a  station  in  Hardwick  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Ware  River  Railroad,  »  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Ware.  „  «     . 

Old  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  oo.,  N.C,  » 


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2056 


OLD 


miles  N.  of  King's  Mountain  Station,  and  about  33  miles 
W.  of  Charlotte. 

Oldliam,  Sld'^m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, parish  of  Prestwich,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Manchester. 
Pop.  in  1881,  111,343;  in  1891,  131,463.  It  has  a  Gothic 
parish  church,  6  district  churches,  12  Methodist,  5  In- 
dependent, 1  Unitarian,  and  1  Roman  Catholic  chapel, 
a  Friends'  meeting-house,  a  blue-coat  school,  a  lunatic 
asylum,  a  lyceum,  a  school  of  science  and  art,  seyeral 
literary  institutions,  baths,  and  a  free  park  of  60  acres. 
It  has  stations  on  branch  lines  of  the  London  &  North- 
western and  Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railways.  Its  prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  fustians,  velvets,  cords,  silks,  hats, 
cotton  yarn,  and  machinery.  Its  machine-works  are  said 
to  be  the  largest  in  the  world,  employing  6000  to  7000 
bands.  The  collieries  are  extensive.  The  borough  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Among  the 
buildings  are  a  good  town  hall,  lyoeum,  and  public  baths. 

Old'hani)  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  170  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and 
partly  hilly.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Maize, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  La 
Grange.     Pop.  in  1870,  9027;  in  1880,  7667;  in  1890,  6754. 

Oldham,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  Panhandle,  bounded 
W.  by  New  Mexico.  Area,  1460  square  miles.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Canadian  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Denver,  Texas  &  Fort  Worth  Railroad.  Capital,  Tascosa. 
Pop.  in  1890,  270. 

Oldham,  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.    See  Grernock. 

Oldham,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.  of  Cambridge. 

Oldham,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Sootia,  3 
miles  from  Enfield.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  600. 

Old'ham's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  West- 
moreland CO.,  Va.    It  has  a  church. 

Old  Har'bor,  a  town  and  seaport  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Spanish  Town,  to  which,  and  to 
Kingston,  it  is  connected  by  railway. 

Old  Harbor  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  oo.,  Me. 

Old  Hick'ory,  a  post- village  of  Conway  oo.,  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Old  Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co.,  Miss.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Old  Hickory,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  Jackson. 

Old  Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  near 
James  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Buford's  Gap.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Hun'dred,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  104  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  turpentine, 
and  is  an  important  shipping-point. 

Oldisleben,  ol'dis-u^b^n,  a  village  of  Saxe- Weimar,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Weimar.  Pop.  1858.  It  stands  in  a 
small  enclave,  detached  from  Saxe-Weimar  proper. 

Old  Lake,  Louisiana.    See  Lakeport. 

Old'land,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Gloucester,  5  miles 
E.  of  Bristol.     Pop.  6415. 

Old  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ey.,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Beattyville, 

Old  Line,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.,  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Old  Lodi,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Lodi-Yecchio. 

Old  Lycom'ing,  a  township  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1362. 

Old  Lyme,  a  township  of  New  London  co..  Conn. 
Pop.  1362.  It  contains  Lyme,  Old  Lyme  (a  village),  and 
fiouth  Lyme.  The  village  of  Old  Lyme  is  i  mile  from 
Lyme  Station, 

Old  Lynn'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  1^  miles 
from  Lynnville  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Old  Maldah,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Malda. 

Old  Man's  Creek,  Iowa,  flows  into  Iowa  River  in 
Johnson  co.,  about  12  miles  below  the  capital. 

Old'man's  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  northwestward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Gloucester  and  Salem  cos., 
and  enters  the  Delaware. 

Old  Mel'drum,  a  town  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  town  hall, 
«hurch,  and  chapel,  with  manufactures  of  cotton.  Pop.  2330. 
Old  Mines,  minz,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.. 
Mo.,  4i  miles  from  Cadet  Station,  which  is  57  miles  S.S.W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  2  smelting-furnaces  for 
load,  and  mines  of  lead  and  zinc. 

Old  Mission,  mish'iin,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  at  St.  Lucas,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Calmar. 


Old  Mission,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Traverse  oo., 
Mich.,  is  at  the  N.  end  of  a  long  peninsula  in  Grand 
Traverse  Bay,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Old  Monroe,  mun-ro',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co., 
Mo.,  on  Cuivre  River,  about  38  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Old  Monterey,  mon-t^-ri',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion 
CO.,  Tex.,  22  miles  from  JefiFerson.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Mys'tic,  formerly  Mystic,  but  changed  to  "Old 
Mystic'  in  1890,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
at  the  head  of  Mystic  River  (a  tidal  affluent  of  Fisher's 
Island  Sound),  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  9  miles  E.N.E. 
of  New  London.  It  contains  2  churches,  3  or  4  stores,  and 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Old  Newbern,  Jersey  co..  111.     See  Newbern. 

Old  Orch'ard,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  4  miles  from  Saco  Post- 
Office.  It  is  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Saco.  Hero 
are,  besides  many  cottages,  13  hotels,  2  of  which  accommo- 
date 400  guests  each.  These  hotels  are  very  near  the  Bos- 
ton &  Maine  Railroad  (Old  Orchard  Station).  The  beach 
is  hard,  and  affords  a  good  road  for  driving.  Here  is  the 
Methodist  national  camp-meeting  ground.  Old  Orchard  ii 
said  to  be  growing  rapidly. 

Old  Per'lican,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, district  of  Trinity,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Heart's 
Content.     Pop.  868. 

Old  Point  Comfort,  kiim'f^rt,  a  post-village  and 
watering-place  of  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.,  is  near  the  S.  end  of 
Chesapeake  Bay,  adjacent  to  Fortress  Monroe,  at  the  mouth 
of  James  River,  and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Norfolk.  Here  is 
a  good  bathing-ground.  The  village  has  2  churches,  3 
stores,  and  a  fine  hotel. 

Old  Prov'idence,  an  island  of  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
belonging  to  the  republic  of  Colombia,  100  miles  E. 
of  the  Mosquito  coa^t.  Lat.  13°  21'  N.:  I..n.  81°  22'  W. 
Length,  4J  miles.  Pop,  350.  Surface  hilly,  but  fertile; 
provisions  are  plentiful,  and  cotton,  tortoise-shell,  and  hides 
are  exported.  On  its  N.  side  is  the  village  of  Isabel,  with 
the  chief  anchorage. 

Old  Rich'mond,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Yadkin  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  Pop. 
of  Old  Richmond  township,  833. 

Old  Ripley,  Bond  oo.,  111.    See  New  Berlin. 

Olds,  51dz,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2931. 

Old  Sa'rum  (the  Sorbiodunum  of  the  Romans),  an  ex- 
tinct city  and  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  the  site  of 
which  was  on  a  hill  2  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  Under  the 
Saxons  it  was  a  place  of  importance.  A  few  traces  of  walla 
and  ramparts,  and  of  its  castle  and  cathedra],  remain. 

Old  Saybrook,  si'brook,  a  township  of  Middlesex  oo., 
Conn.  Pop.  1215.  It  contains  Saybrook  village,  Saybrook 
Point,  Saybrook  Station,  Fenwick,  (fee,  and  lies  on  the 
Sound  and  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  at  its  mouth. 

Old  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Old  Spring  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Old  Store,  a  post-township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Monroe,  N.C.     It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1921. 

Old  Town,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Phillips  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  below  Helena. 

Old  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Fla.,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Bronson  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Old  Town,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  111.   Pop.  1109. 

Old  Town,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Old  Town  township,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  and  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  6  or  7  churches,  a 
bank,  and  numerous  saw-mills.  It  has  extensive  water 
power,  and  is  chiefly  supported  by  lumber-business,  having, 
it  is  said,  the  largest  lumber-mill  in  the  world,  where  100 
saws  are  at  work.  (See  Old  Town  Island.)  A  railroad 
bridge  across  the  Penobscot  connects  Old  Town  with  Milford. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  5312. 

Oldtown,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Po- 
tomac River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  i  mile 
from  Green  Spring  Run  Station,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Town,  a  post-township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C,  6 
miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  860. 

Oldtown,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Xenia,  0. 

Old  Town,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Oldtown,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  24  miles  E, 
of  Bethel.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Town,  a  post-villnge  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  30  miles 
S.  of  Wytheville.  It  is  near  New  River.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.     Pep.  about  160. 


OLD 


2057 


OLI 


Oldtown  Creek)  Mississippi,  rises  in  Union  oo.,  runs 
iin  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Lee  oo.,  and  enters  the 
Tombigbee  River  about  12  miles  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Old  Town  Island)  in  Penobscot  River,  about  a  mile 
N.  of  the  village  of  Old  Town,  Penobscot  oo.,  Me.  On  it  is 
an  Indian  village,  containing  a  number  of  frame  houses,  a 
Oatholic  ohapel,  and  about  400  Indians.  This  village  is 
known  as  "  Indian  Old  Town." 

Old  Trapani,  Sicily.    See  Monte  San  Giuliano. 

Old  War'wick,  a  village  of  "Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO..  R.I.     Pop.  564. 

Old  West'bury,  a  post-village  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Brook- 
lyn. It  has  4  churches,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  farm- 
ing and  dairy -business. 

Old  Woburn,  a  town  of  England.     See  Woborn. 

Olean^  oMe-an',  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
•Brown  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Versailles,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Olean,  a  post-oflSce  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb. 

Olean,  a  post-village  in  Olean  township,  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Olean 
Creek,  and  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal  and  the  Erie  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  69  miles  S.S.E. 
-of  Buffalo.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  graded 
echool.     Pop.  in  1890,  7358;  of  the  township,  11,507. 

OMean'der,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Huntsville.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

OlearoS)  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Antipabos. 

OleggiO)  o-l4d'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Novara.  Pop.  8058.  It  has  manufactures  of 
«otton  and  silk  goods. 

OleirO)  a  town  and  seaport  of  Spain.    See  Cudillebo. 

OleiroS)  o-14'e-roce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  near 
«astello  Branoo.     Pop.  2302. 

Olekma^  o-l£k'm&,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of 
Yakootsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  nearly  400  miles  joins  the 
Lena  opposite  the  village  of  Olekminsk. 

Olekminsk)  o-lSk-minsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment and  350  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yakootsk,  on  the  Lena. 

Ole'maj  a  post-village  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  is  about  1 
mile  from  the  head  of  Tomales  Bay,  2^  miles  from  Olema 
Station  of  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  and  35  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Francisco.     It  is  mainly  supported  by  dairies. 

Ole'na,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  about  10 
miles  E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  127. 

Olena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  oo.,  0.,  in  Bronson  town- 
ehip,  6i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwalk.     It  has  3  churches. 

Olenek)  o-li-nfik'  or  o-l^n-fik',  a  river  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Yakootsk,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  110  miles 
W.  of  the  W.  mouth  of  the  Lena,  after  a  N.  course  of  800 
miles.     At  its  mouth  is  the  village  of  Oost-Olensk. 

Olentan'gy,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church. 

Olentangy  (or  Whet'stone)  River,  of  Ohio,  rises 
in  the  N.  central  part  of  the  state,  and,  flowing  southward, 
-enters  the  Scioto  River  at  Columbus.     Length,  100  miles. 

OMeop'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  9  miles  above  Oil  City.  It  is  on  the  Oil 
Creek  &  Alleghany  River  Railroad. 

Ol'equa,  a  post-oflBce  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Kalama. 

Ol^ron,  oHi^riN*',  incorrectly  written  Oloron,  o^lo^- 
ris"'  (anc.  Uliarus  or  Olario),  an  island  off  the  W.  coast 
of  France,  in  Charente-Inferieure,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
the  Charente.  Lat.  46°  11'  N.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth, 
5  miles.  Pop.  17,000.  On  its  S.B.  side  is  the  capital  town, 
Chateau  d'Oleron.     See  also  Oloron. 

Olesa,  o-li'si,  or  Olesa-de-Montserrat,  o-li'si 
4ik  mont-sfiR-Rj,t'  (anc.  Bubricata  t),  a  town  of  Spain,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat.     Pop.  3448. 

Olesburg,  o'l^z-burg,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  oo., 
Kansas,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Waterville. 

Olesko,  o-l5s'ko,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galioia,  27  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2571. 

Olesno,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.     See  Rosenberg. 

Oleta,  o-li't4,  a  post- village  of  Amador  oo.,  Cal.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Latrobe.  It  has  a  church,  a  gold-mine,  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Oletta,  o-l4t't4,  a  village  of  Corsica,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Bastia.     Pop.  1122. 

Olette,  oMfit*'  a  village  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orien- 
tales.  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pradea.     Pop.  1042. 
130 


Oletzko,  o-lita'ko,  or  Marggrabowa,  nuiRg-gri- 
bo'*4,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gum 
binnen,  on  Lake  Oletzko.     Pop.  4212. 

Olevano,  o-lA-v4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  29  miles  E.  of 
Rome.  Pop.  3378.  It  is  situated  on  a  rooky  hill,  amldrt 
fine  scenery.  Principal  edifices,  a  oastle,  a  churoh,  and  the 
ruins  of  an  imperial  villa. 

Olevano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  milM  E.  of 
Salerno.     Pop.  2859. 

Olevano,  a  market-town  of  lUly,  4  milet  SJ3.W.  of 
Mortara.     Pop.  1305. 

Olevsk,  o-l£v8k',  a  market-town  of  Roasia,  in  Volhynia, 
100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zhitomeer.     Pop.  1680. 

O'lex,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  oo.,  Oregon. 

O'ley,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  contains  ham- 
lets named  Friedensburg,  Manatawny,  and  Spangville.  It 
has  an  academy,  an  iron-furnace,  7  grist-mills,  and  a  wool- 
len-mill.    Pop.  1986.     Oley  Post-Office  is  at  Friedensburg. 

Olfen,  ol'ffn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
and  20  miles  S.W.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  1471. 

Olgiate,  ol-je-4't4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  2068. 

Olgiate-Olona,  ol-je-a't4-o-lo'n&,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1640. 

Olginate,  oI-je-n&'t4,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  E.  of  Como,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  1567. 

Olgoon,  or  Olgonn,  Turkey.    See  Dnunairo. 

Olgopol,  ol-go'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  about 
140  miles  N.N.W.  of  Odessa.  It  has  manufactures  of 
brandy  and  saltpetre.     Pop.  6922. 

Olhfto,  ol-ySwN"',  a  town  and  parish  of  Portagal,  on  the 
sea-coast,  4  miles  E.  of  Faro.     Pop.  6931. 

Oliaros,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Antiparos. 

Oliena,  o-le-4'n&,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  6 
miles  S.B.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  3133. 

Oliete,  o-le-4't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  44  miles 
N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1788. 

Ol'ifant's  River,  or  El'ephant's  River,  a  river 
of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in 
lat.  31°  38'  S.,  Ion.  18°  12'  W.  Length,  probably  150  miles. 
Chief  afSuents,  the  Great  Doom  and  Hantam. 

Olifant's  River,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony, 
joins  the  Gauritz  after  a  W.  course  of  167  miles. 

Olim'po,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

O'lin,  a  post- village  in  Rome  township,  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  and  on  the  Wap- 
sipinicon  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Marion,  and  aboat  10  miles 
S.£.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  % 
grist-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Olin,  a  post-village  in  Olin  township,  Iredell  co.,  N.C., 
14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  of  township,  920. 

Olin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wiaoon- 
sin  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Lyndon  Station,  and  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Portage.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Olinda,  o-lin'da  or  o-leen'di,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Pernambuco,  and  formerly  its  capital,  4  miles  N.  of  Re- 
cife. Pop.  8000.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  many 
white  and  massive  buildings,  with  a  cathedral  and  several 
other  fine  churches,  a  bishop's  palace,  a  hospital,  a  bot&nio 
garden,  a  school  of  law,  with  a  public  library,  and  a  Jesuit 
college.     See  Recife. 

Olin'da,  a  post-offioe  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Olinda,  a  post-village  in  Essex  oo.,  Ontario,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Leamington.     Pop.  100. 

Olio,  o'lf-o,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Olio,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Ark. 

Olio,  a  township  of  Woodford  oo..  111.     Pop.  2608. 

Olio,  a  post-offioe  of  Anderson  oo.,  S.C. 

Oliootorsk,  Olioutorsk,  or  Olintorsk,  oMe-oo- 
toRsk',  written  also  Olntorsk,  Olutornky,  and  OIn- 
torskoi,  a  village  of  Kamchatka,  on  iU  N.E.  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Oliootorsk,  in  Oliootorsk  Bay,  which  is  bounded 
E.  by  Cape  Oliootorsk,  in  lat.  69«  57'  N.,  Ion.  170°  19'  E. 

OVipnant  Fnr'nace,a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo..  Pa., 
about  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Uniontown.  Her*  is  an  iron- 
furnace. 

Olisipo,  the  ancient  name  of  LiSBOir. 

Olite,  o-lee'tA,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  27  miles 
S.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2444.  It  has  vestiges  of  old  walls, 
and  an  old  royal  palaoe. 

Oliva,  o-lee'v4  (ano.  Ad  Staftuuf),  »  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  43  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante,  6  miles  from  the 
Mediterranean.  Pop.  6984.  It  has  a  hospital,  an  ancient 
palace,  and  manufactures  of  hempen  and  linon  cloths. 

Oliva,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Laniarote,  one  of  Um 
Canaries.     Pop.  2132. 


OM 


2058 


OLM 


Oliva,  a  village  of  West  Prussia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Dant- 
Bic.     Pop.  3284. 

Oliva,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Fuerteventura,  one  of  the 
Canaries,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain.     Pop.  970. 

Oliva  de  Jerez,  o-lee'v&  d&  nk-r^ih',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  30  miles  S.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  4243. 

Olivares,  o-le-vi'rfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  New  Castile, 
province  and  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1159. 

Olivares,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Seville.     Pop.  2277. 

Olive,  ol'iv,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     P.  1149. 

Olive,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1660. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1481. 

Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  about  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  church. 

Olive,  a  post-township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  about  10 
itiiles  N.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1168. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  1257.  It 
contains  Olive  Centre. 

Olive,  a  post- village  in  Olive  township,  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  and  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  tan- 
nery. The  township  contains  a  village  named  Shokan, 
is  drained  by  Esopus  Creek,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3181. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  1683. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1810.  It  con- 
tains Caldwell,  Olive  village,  and  South  Olive. 

Olive,  a  village  in  Olive  township,  Noble  co.,  0.,  1  mile 
from  Caldwell. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-ofBce  of  Alexander  co..  111. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  oo.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Selma  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis, 
Tenn.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  steam  mill. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-ofSce  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Neb. 

Olive  Branch,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Union  oo.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Beaver  Dam  Railroad  Station. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  about  20  miles  E. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Olive  Bridge,  or  Olive  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Olive 
township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the 
Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroaid,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Ol'iveburg,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa. 

Olive  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Olive  township,  Otta- 
wa CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Ilailroad, 
at  Olive  Station,  8  miles  N.  of  Holland.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  150. 

Olive  Fur'nace,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  0.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Bloom  Station.     Here  is  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Olive  Green,  Delaware  oo.,  0.  See  Kingston  Centre. 

Olive  Green,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Sharon 
township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Caldwell.     It  has  2  churches. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad  (at  Centreville 
Pike  Station),  6  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  about 
60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  1439. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Oliveira,  o-le-v&'e-r&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  40  miles  S.  of 
Tamandua.     Pop.  1600. 

Oliveira-d'Azemeis,  o-Ie-v&'e-r&  d&-z&-m&s'  or  d&- 
ai-mi'ees,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro,  on  the 
Antua,  24  miles  S.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  2270. 

Oliveira  do  Bairro,  o-le-vi'e-ri  do  biR'RO,  a  village 
of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Aveiro.    Pop.  1825. 

Oliveira  do  Conde,  o-le-vi'e-ri  do  kon'di,  a  village 
of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  3920. 

Olivenza,  or  Oliven^a,  o-le-vfln'sa  (Sp.  pron.  o-le- 
vin'thi),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana,  near  the  Portuguese 
frontier.  Pop.  5917.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain,  and  has 
a  brisk  trade  in  wines,  oil,  and  com. 

Olivenza,  or  Olivenca,  o-le-vfin'si,  a  town  of  Bra- 
zil, state  and  130  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Atlantic. 
Pop.  1500. 

Ol'iver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scriven  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Georgia  Railroad,  and  near  the  Ogeechee  River,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oliver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  on  the  Paris  A 
Danville  Railroad.     It  has  a  stave-factory. 

OUtct*  a  tsTTnship  of  Adams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1069. 


Oliver,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1117. 
Oliver,  a  township  of  Mifflin  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1355. 
Oliver,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  511. 
Olive'rian  River,  a  small  stream  of  Grafton  co..  New 
Hampshire,  falls  into  the  Connecticut  River. 

Ol'iver' 8,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  30  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Knoxville.    Coal  is  found  hero.    It  has  a  church. 

Olivesbnrg,  ol'ivz-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of  Ashland,  and  about  10  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Mansfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Olivet,  oMeeVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  3  miles 
S.  of  Orleans,  on  the  Loiret.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper, 
hosiery,  and  pins.     Pop.  3588. 

Ol'ivet,  a  post-village  and  station  in  Scott  township, 
Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the 
Oskaloosa  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacifio 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  baa  a  church. 

Olivet,  a  post- village  in  Olivet  township,  Osage  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Osage  City- 
Pop,  of  township,  309. 

Olivet,  a  post- village  in  Walnut  township,  Eaton  co., 
Mich.,  15  miles  N.  of  Marshall,  and  2  miles  from  Olivet 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Battle- 
Creek.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  and  a 
conservatory  of  music.  Here  is  the  Olivet  College  (Con- 
gregational), which  was  organized  in  1859.     Pop.  526. 

Olivet,  a  post-hamlet  in  South  Bend  township,  Arm- 
strong CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church. 

Olivet,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hutchinson  co.,  S.D., 
on  the  Dakota  or  James  River,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yankton. 
It  has  a  church. 

Olivet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oilman  township.  Pierce  co.^ 
Wis.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn. 

Oliveto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno.     Pop.  3923. 

Oliv'ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  in  Bird 
Island  township,  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota  Railroad.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Olivia,  Blair  oo..  Pa.    See  Bald  Eaolb. 

Olivieri,  o-le-ve-i'ree,  a  village  of  Sicily,  N.  coast, 
province  and  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  795.  A 
little  N.W.  are  the  ruins  of  Tyndarit. 

Oliviopol,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Olviopol. 

Olkhon,  ol'Kon,  the  principal  island  in  Lake  Baikal,^ 
Siberia,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Irkootsk.     Length,  45  miles. 

Olknsz,  ol'koosh,  or  OIkasz  (?),  ol'kish,  a  town  of 
Poland,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  2276. 

Ollant,  the  Dutch  name  of  Holland. 

Ollap,  ol'lip,  one  of  the  Caroline  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  7°  37'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  149°  30'  E. 

Olleria,  ol-yi-ree'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  46 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  3889.  It  has  2  parish 
churches,  manufactures  of  linens,  and  brandy-distilleries. 

Ol'lerton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  19  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Nottingham.     Pop.  831. 

Olliergaes,  olMe-aiRg',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de> 
D8me,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ambert.     Pop.  1998. 

Ollignies,  olMeen^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  on  the  Dender,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mons.    Pop.  1880. 

OIlio,  or  Ollins,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Oouo. 

Ollionles,  orie-ool',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Var, 
4  miles  W.  of  Toulpn,  at  the  foot  of  a  defile  called  the  Vaux 
d'OlIioules,  v5  dolMe-ool'.     Pop.  2213. 

Ollmtitz,  a  city  of  Moravia.     See  Olmutz. 

Ollon,  olM&N"',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,^ 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Aigle.     Pop.  of  commune,  3053. 

Olm,  olm,  NiEDER,  nee'd^r,  and  Ober,  o'b^r,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Mentz.     United  pop.  2804. 

Olmedo,  ol-mi'oo,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25 
miles  S.  of  Valladolid,  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and  in 
decay.     Pop.  2540. 

Olmen,  ol'm^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  33  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Great  NSthe.     Pop.  1610. 

Olmeto,  ol-mi'to,  or  Olometo,  o-lo-mi'to,  a  town 
of  the  island  of  Corsica,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ajaccio.    P.  2010. 

Olmos,  6l'moce,  a  town  of  Peru,  province  of  Lam- 
bayeque,  41  miles  N.  of  Jayanca.     Pop.  2000. 

Olmstead,  Sm'st^d,  a  post- village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,on 
the  Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  about  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Olmsted,  Sm'st^d,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Zumbro  River  and  by  Root 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive 


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2059 


OLV 


than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  durable. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  batter  are  the 
staple  products.  In  the  production  of  wheat  this  county 
has  ranked  foremost  among  the  counties  of  the  state. 
Silurian  limestone  is  found  in  this  county,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Winona  &  Southwestern  Railroad  and  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  A  branch  of  the  latter 
road  connects  with  Rochester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,793;  in  1880,  21,543;  in  1890,  19,806. 

Olmsted,  Pulaski  co..  111.    See  Calbsonia. 

Olmsted,  a  post-office  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of  Rochester. 

Olmsted,  or  Olmsted  Falls,  a  post- village  in  Olm- 
sted township,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  Rocky  River,  and  on 
the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and 
3  miles  W.  of  Berea.  It  is  also  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Cleveland  with  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  grindstones,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  342  ;  of  the  township,  1826. 

Olmsted  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Yt.,  in 
Sheldon  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Ver- 
mont Central  Railroad,  very  near  Sheldon  Springs,  a  sum- 
mer resort.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Olmsted  Station,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
Tuscaloosa. 

Olmstedville,  5m'st^d-vil,  a  post- village  of  Essex  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  a  large 
tannery  and  several  stores. 

Olraue,  ol-moo-i',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Valpa- 
raiso.    Pop.  2014. 

Ol'mutz  (Ger.  Olmiitz  or  Ollmiitz,  oU'miits;  Moravian, 
Holomauc,  ho'lo-mowts^ ;  L.  Olomu'tium  or  Ehurum),  a  city 
of  Moravia  (and  formerly  its  capital),  on  the  March,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Briinn.  Pop., 
excluding  garrison,  15,231.  Its  fortifications  are  very  ex- 
tensive. Its  principal  edifices  are  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral 
and  several  other  handsome  churches,  the  archbishop's  pal- 
ace, deanery,  town  hall,  theatre,  arsenal,  barracks,  several 
hospitals  and  orphan  asylums,  and  a  large  conventual  estab- 
lishment. It  has  also  a  college,  diocesan  school,  academy 
for  nobles,  military  and  various  other  schools,  manufactures 
of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  earthenware,  leather, 
and  vinegar.  Olmutz  was  taken  by  the  Swedes  in  the  Thirty 
Years'  War,  and  besieged  by  Frederick  the  Great  in  1758. 
Lafayette  was  confined  in  it  for  many  years  from  1794, 

Olue,  ol'n^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.     Pop.  3200. 

Ol'ney,  or  Cul'ney,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks, 
on  the  Ouse,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  W.N,W.  of  Bedford. 
Pop.  2547.  It  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  lace,  and  silk  goods. 

Olney,  Sl'n^  or  Sl'n^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co,, 
Ala.,  28  miles  N.  of  Eutaw, 

Olney,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Richland  oo,,  111,,  is  in 
Olney  township,  on  the  Grayville  &  Mattoon  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railroad,  117  miles 
E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo,,  31  miles  W.  of  Vincennes,  and  53  miles 
S.  of  Mattoon,  It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  fine  public  school-house,  a  national  bank,  3 
flour-mills,  a  brass-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  <fec.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3831 ;  of  the  township,  4951. 

Olney,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

Olney,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
miles  N,  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Olney,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  108. 

Olney,  Lincoln  co..  Mo.    See  Lost  Branch. 

Olney,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  60  miles  W. 
of  Kalama. 

Olney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Newtown  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Independence  Hall.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cotton-mill.  Olney  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phila- 
delphia post-office. 

Ol'neyville  (local  pron.  o'ne-vll),  a  post-village  of 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Providence  and  Johnston  townships, 
on  the  Providence  <fc  Springfield  Railroad  and  the  Hart- 
ford, Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Provi- 
dence. It  has  several  cotton-mills  and  a  church.  The 
thriving  villages  of  West  Providence,  Waterman  Plat,  and 
Silver  Lake  are  adjacent.     Pop.  4995. 

Olometo,  a  town  of  Corsica.     See  Olmeto. 

01omutium,a  Latin  name  of  Olmutz. 

Olona,  o-lo'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  enters  the  canal  Na- 
viglio  Grande,  near  Milan.  Under  the  French  it  gave  its 
name  to  a  department  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 


Olonets,  or  Olonetz,  o-lo-nAta',  a  government  ot 
North  Russia,  between  lat.  60°  and  64°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  29* 
and  41°  30'  E.,  having  N.  Archangel,  S.  Vologda,  and  W. 
Finland.  Area,  estimated  at  59,567  square  miles.  Pop. 
296,392.  Surface  in  the  N.  and  W.  marshj  and  covered 
with  vast  forests.  Principal  rivers,  the  Onega,  Shooya, 
Soona,  and  Sveer.  It  contains  numerooa  lakes,  the  princi- 
pal being  Onega  and  Vigo,  Hemp  and  flax  are  rmised ;  but 
the  extensive  forests  form  the  principal  soaroea  of  wealth 
derived  from  the  land.  Iron,  copper,  silver,  marble,  and 
granite  are  found,  but  are  little  turned  to  adrantage,  and 
few  manufacturing  establishments  exist  here.  Raw  prod- 
uce is  exported  to  St.  Petersburg  and  Archangel,  whence 
corn,  salt,  spirits,  and  colonial  and  manufacturing  goods 
are  imported.  The  inhabitants  mostly  belong  to  the  Greek 
or  Lutheran  churches.  The  principal  towns  are  Petrosa- 
vodsk  (the  capital),  Vytegra,  and  Kargopol. 

Olonets,  a  town  of  the  above  government,  is  situated 
at  the  confluence  of  two  rivers,  tributaries  to  Lake  Ladoga, 
110  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  1341,  exclusive  of 
its  suburbs.  It  has  8  churches,  a  custom-house,  and  vari- 
ous public  magazines.  The  first  building-dock  in  the  Rus- 
sian Empire  was  established  here  by  Peter  the  Great. 

Olonne,  o^Ionn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vend6e,  near  the 
Atlantic,  3  miles  N.  of  Les  Sables  d'Olonno,  with  a  small 
port.     Pop.  2033. 

Olonzac,  o^l6N>^z&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault, 
on  the  Canal  du  Midi,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Narbonne.    P.  2004. 

Oloosinga,  Friendly  Islands.     See  Orose.nga. 

Oloron,  an  island  of  France.     See  Olkron. 

Oloron,  oMo^r6N»'  (anc.  Iluro),  a  town  of  France,  la 
Basses-Pyr6n6es,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pan,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Aspe  and  Ossau.  Pop.  7223.  It  is  a  tribunal  of 
commerce,  and  has  trade  in  wool,  horses,  and  timber,  also 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  paper,  farina,  and  woollen  goods. 

Oloron,  Gave  d*,  giv  doHo*r6N"',  a  river  of  France, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Gaves  of  Ossau  and  Aspe^ 
flowing  N.W.,  joins  the  Pau  on  the  frontiers  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Landes.     Length,  45  miles. 

Olot,  o-lot',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  milea 
N.W.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Fluvia.  Pop.  9984.  It  is  situated 
at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  volcanic  nills,  and  has  2  parish 
churches,  cavalry  barracks,  and  a  hospital,  with  active 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  woollen  caps,  tanneries, 
soap-factories,  and  paper-mills.  Near  it  are  numerous  oar- 
ems  and  extinct  volcanic  craters. 

Olpe,  ol'p^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  28  milet 
S.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  2462. 

Olsa,  ol'si,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  near  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Moravia,  flows  N.N.W.  through  Austrian  Silesia, 
and  joins  the  Oder.     Length,  60  miles. 

Olsansk,  ol-s&nsk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  government 
and  about  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Irkootsk. 

Olsene,  oPsin'  or  ol-s^'n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  In 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  with  a  station  on  the  railway 
to  Tournay,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2100. 

Olshana,  or  Olchana,  ol-sh&'n&,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kharkov. 

Olshana,  or  Olchana,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  89  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiev. 

Olshansk,  orshinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Voronezh. 

Olshany,  or  Olszany,  ol-sh&'nee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  40  miles  S.B.  of  Vilna. 

Olst,  olst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  « 
miles  N.  of  Deventer.     Pop.  of  commune,  4334. 

Olstyneb,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  HoHiRSraiff. 

Olten,  ol't^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  20  miles  B.N.B. 
of  Soleure,  on  the  Aar.     Pop.  2998. 

Oltenitza,  ol-t^-nit'si,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Danube,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  4100. 

Olti,  ol'tee,  a  border  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  district 
and  55  miles  W.  of  Kars,  on  the  Olti.  It  ia  a  Tery  ancient 
and  decayed  place.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Oltis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Lot. 

Olumpos,  the  Greek  name  of  Oltxpc*. 

OInnshan,  or  OInnchan,  o'liin^sh&n',  a  munntaia 
of  China,  in  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  23°  20'  N.;  Ion.  100°  4'  K. 

OUus'tee,  a  post-village  of  Baker  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville.  The  Union  general  Seymour  was  defeated 
in  battle  here,  February  20,  1864.  Olustee  has  an  academy 
and  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Olustee  Creek,  Pike  eo.,  Ala.    See  Brikr  Hill. 

Olutorskoi,  Kamchatka.     See  Oliootorsk. 

Olvenstadt,  ol'v^n-stittS  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax 
ony,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  8861. 


I   \J 


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Olvera,  ol-vi'ri  (ano.  Ilipat),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  67  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  6492. 

Olviopol,  ol-re-o'pol,  sometimes  written  Oliviopol, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  137  miles  N.W.  of  Kher- 
lon,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Bug.     Pop.  5397. 

Olyka^  ol'e-k&,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  100  miles 
N.W.  of  Zhitomeer. 

Olympia^  o-lim'pe-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  a  mill. 

Olympia,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Washington  and  of 
Thurston  co.,  is  on  a  peninsula,  situated  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Puget  Sound,  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation,  about  100 
miles  in  a  direct  line  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon,  and  65  miles 
E.  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  near  lat.  47°  10'  N.  and  Ion. 
123°  W.  It  contains  a  state-house,  7  churches,  a  territorial 
library  with  5000  volumes,  an  academy,  a  bank,  4  hotels,  a 
brewery,  a  boat-yard,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  large  flouring- 
mill,  and  2  shoe- factories.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  The  Des  Chutes  River,  which 
enters  the  sound  here,  affords  abundant  water-power.  Steam- 
boats depart  almost  daily  for  the  other  ports  on  Puget 
Sound.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  are  magnificent  forests 
of  fir.     Pop.  in  1880,  1262;  in  1890,  4698. 

Olympian  (o-lim'pe-^n)  Springs,  a  post-ofiSce  and 
watering-place  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  16  miles  E.  of  Mount  Ster- 
ling, and  about  50  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  Here  are  chalyb- 
eate springs,  sulphur  springs,  a  hotel,  and  a  church. 

Olympus,  o-lim'pus  (Gr.  OAvfiirof,  Olumpds  ;  Turk.  Se- 
mavat-Evi,  sk-mL-\kt' -i'vee,  i.e.,  the  "abode  of  the  Celes- 
tials"), a  mountain-range  of  Thessaly,  on  the  border  of 
Macedonia.  Its  summit,  famed  by  Homer  and  other  poets 
as  the  throne  of  the  gods,  is  30  miles  N.  of  Larissa,  in  lat. 
40°  4'  32"  N.,  Ion.  22°  25'  E.     Estimated  height,  9746  feet. 

Olym'pus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickett  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Obie's  River,  about  110  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville. 

Ol  yphant,  dl'e-fant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ark., 
8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Newport. 

Olyphant,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Lackawanna  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson 
Railroad,  about  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  5 
churches  and  3  coal-breakers.  Pop.  in  1880,  2094 ;  in  1890, 
4083. 

Olzai,  ol'zi,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  33 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1177. 

Om,  om,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Tomsk,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  330  miles,  joins  the  Irtish  at  Omsk. 

Omagb,  o^m&',  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Tyrone,  27  miles  by  railway  S.  of  Londonderry.  It  has 
the  remains  of  an  old  castle,  an  elegant  county  court-house, 
county  jail,  barracks,  workhouse,  hospital,  Ac.    Pop.  3533. 

Omaha,  o'm9,-bah,  the  metropolis  of  Nebraska,  and 
the  seat  of  justice  for  Douglas  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  18  miles  above  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Platte,  503  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  476 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  146  miles  W.  of  Des 
Moines,  the  capital  of  Iowa.  Lat.  40°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  95° 
56'  W.  The  site  of  the  city  is  on  a  plateau  80  feet  above 
the  Missouri  River,  its  corporate  limits  extending  over  24i 
square  miles,  within  which  are  148  miles  of  graded  streets, 
72  miles  of  paved  streets,  130  miles  of  curbing,  103  miles 
of  sewers,  and  445  miles  of  sidewalk ;  these  improvements 
costing  $7,787,000.  The  city  has  2  cathedrals  and  107  other 
church  buildings,  the  University  of  Omaha,  Creighton  Col- 
lege, Brownell  Hall  (for  girls),  and  61  public  schools,  with 
an  attendance  of  20,000  pupils;  the  Omaha  Medical  College, 
the  Western  Art  Association,  the  state  institute  for  deaf  and 
dumb,  and  a  free  public  library  with  45,000  volumes.  Six 
hospitals,  with  property  valued  at  $1,000,000,  have  accom- 
modations for  700  patients.  There  are  140  manufacturing 
concerns,  with  a  capital  of  $22,000,000,  employing  9500  per- 
sons, and  producing  goods  valued  at  $80,000,000  per  year, 
and  170  wholesaling  houses,  with  a  capital  of  $9,000,000, 
whose  annual  sales  aggregate  over  $50,000,000.  Omaha  is 
the  third  meat-packing  centre  in  the  world ;  its  4  packing- 
houses have  $11,000,000  capital,  employ  5000  persons,  and 
produce  $45,000,000  worth  of  goods  annually.  The  stock- 
yards company  handles  3,000,000  head  of  live-stock  per 
year.  The  sinelting-works,  the  largest  in  the  world,  have 
an  annual  output  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  and  lead  valued 
at  $22,000,000.  The  headquarters  and  principal  shops  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  are  located  here,  giving  employ- 
ment to  2000  persons.  The  Burlington  &  Missouri  River 
Railroad  in  Nebraska  and  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Mis- 
souri Valley  Railroad  also  have  their  headquarters  here. 
Besides  these  three  great  railroad  systems,  the  city  is 
entered  by  the  Missouri  Pacific,  Chicago  &  Northwestern, 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul,  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Omaha,  Sioux 
City  &  Pacific,  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  and  Wabash 
Railroads.  The  Missouri  River  is  spanned  by  two  rail- 
road bridges  and  one  wagon-bridge,  an  electric  street-car 
system  crossing  the  latter  and  connecting  Council  Bluffs 
with  Omaha.  Chief  among  the  public  buildings  are  the 
United  States  court-house  and  post-oflBce,  costing  $1,600,- 
000;  the  county  court-house,  costing  $300,000;  the  high 
school,  costing  $250,000,  and  surrounded  by  commodious 
grounds  covering  an  area  of  10  acres ;  the  public  library, 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $100,000 ;  the  "  Bee"  building,  which 
cost  $500,000 ;  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company'r 
building,  costing  $700,000,  and  the  Union  Depot,  costing 
$500,000.  There  are  2  daily  papers,— the  "  Bee"  and  the 
"  World-Herald,"— each  with  a  morning  and  an  evening 
edition,  and  niunerous  weekly  and  monthly  publications, 
among  them  German,  Swedish,  Danish,  and  Bohemian  jour- 
nals. Omaha  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Platte  military 
department,  with  10  companies  in  commodious  barracks 
just  N.  of  the  city.  A  new  post.  Fort  Crook,  is  being  con- 
structed several  miles  S.  of  the  city.  There  are  9  nationaj 
banks,  8  savings-banks,  and  2  state  banks,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  $5,500,000  and  deposits  of  $26,000,000.  The 
annual  receipts  at  the  United  States  oustom-hoase  are  val- 
ued at  $400,000.  The  water- works  company  has  an  invest- 
ment of  $7,000,000,  and  its  ddily  pumping  capacity  is 
45,000,000  gallons.  The  reservoir  sjstem  ha?  a  capacity 
of  350,000,000  gallons.  The  source  of  support  is  the  exten- 
sive agricultural  and  mining  territory  to  the  W.  of  the  city. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,083;  in  1880,  30,518;  in  1890,  140,462. 

Omaha  Agency,  Blackbird  oo..  Neb.   See  Blackbibd. 

Omaha  Barracks,  a  military  post  of  Douglas  co., 
Neb.,  4  miles  N.  of  Omaha.    The  post-ofiBce  is  Fort  Omaha. 

Oman,  o^m&n'  (ano.  Omana,  or  Omanum),  a  country  of 
Arabia,  in  the  S.E.,  between  the  Persian  Gulf  and  Arabian 
Sea,  or  Sea  of  Oman.    Towns,  Rostak,  Muscat,  and  Minnah. 

Omanooau,an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  SeeMANUA. 

O'mar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Watertown. 

Omar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  2^  miles  from 
Attica  Station,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Tiffin. 

Ombay,  om^bi',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
N.  of  Timor.     Lat.  8°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  125°  E. 

Ombtte,  om'bS^fh,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  Bakkefiord, 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Stavanger. 

Ombrie,  the  French  name  of  Umbria. 

Ombrone,  om-bro'n4  (anc.  Um'bro),  a  river  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  enters  the  Mediterranean  10  miles  below  Gros- 
seto,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 

Ome'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  oo.,  Ark.,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Russellville. 

Omega,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Nevada  oo., 
Cal.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  (at  Emi- 
grant Gap  Station),  and  about  88  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church.    Gold  is  mined  here. 

Omega,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  DI.,  in  Omega 
township,  6  miles  N.  of  luka.     Pop.  of  township,  1298. 

Omega,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  about  34 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Omega,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons. 

Omega,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  or  near  the 
Scioto  River,  in  Jackson  township,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chil- 
licothe.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Omega,  Hunts  Mills,  or  Clyde,  a  hamlet  in  East 
Providence  township.  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  Ten-Mile 
River,  i  mile  from  Rumford.     Pop.  172. 

Omega,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles  N- 
of  Longview. 

Omega,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Omegna,  o-mfin'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Lake  of  Orta.     Pep.  1869. 

Omekon,  o-mi-kon',  a  river  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Yakootsk,  joins  the  Indighirka.     Length,  100  miles. 

Ome'mee,  a  post- village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Victoria,  on 
the  Midland  Railway,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Hope.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  news- 
paper, an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen- 
mills,  and  about  20  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Ome'na,  a  post-village  of  Leelanaw  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  22  miles  N.  of  Traverse 
City.     It  has  a  good  harbor  and  a  church. 

O'menak-Fiord,  or  Jacob's  Bight,  a  noted  seat 
of  iceberg  growth  and  distribution,  on  the  W.  coast  ">f 
Greenland,  in  lat.  70°  40'  N. 


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O'mer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Arenac  oc,  Mich.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Standish.  It  has  a  church,  a  floor-mill, and 
a  saw-mill. 

Omerkantak,  or  Omerkuntnc.    See  AHiLBAKAN- 

TAKA. 

Omerkote,  a  town  of  India.    See  Amerkote. 
Ometa,  o-mi'ti,  a  town  of  British  India,  province  of 
Guzerat,  20  miles  E.  of  Cambay. 

Ometepe,  o-mi-ti-pi',  Ometepet,  o-m&-t&-p£t',  or 
Omotepe^  o-mo-t4-pi',  a  volcanic  island  in  Lake  Nica- 
ragua, towards  its  S.W.  side.     Length,  20  miles ;  breadth, 
from  7  to  8  miles.     It  consists  of  two  granitic  mountains, 
en  which  are  the  two  villages  of  Ometepe  and  Muyagalpa. 
Omio,  o'me-o,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 
Ommen,   om'm^n,   a  town    of   the    Netherlands,   in 
Overyssel,  on  the  Vecht,  14  miles  E.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  2583. 
Om'nia,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  133. 
Omoa^  o-mo'&,  a  maritime  village  of  Honduras,  on  the 
Bay  of  Honduras,  15  miles  E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Motagua.     Lat.  15°  47'  N.  ,•  Ion.  88°  3'  W.     Most  of  the 
imports  destined  for  Guatemala  and  San  Salvador  are  re- 
ceived at  this  port.     Chief  exports,  hides,  skins,  mahogany, 
and  cattle.     Pop.  600. 

Omoe,  o'mo^fh,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  Great  Belt.     Length,  5  miles ;  breadUi,  1  mile. 

Omolon,  o*mo-lon',  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Kolyma 
80  miles  S.W.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

Oniouley,  or  Omouleff,  Prussia.     See  Omulew. 
Om'pah,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Trout  Lake,  47  miles  from  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Omph  Ghent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  111.,  about 
15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Alton. 

Omphis,  the  ancient  name  of  Benoob. 
Ompomponoo'suc     (or     Ompompanoo'suck) 
River,  a  fine  mill-stream,  enters  the  Connecticut  in  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt. 

Ompta,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Ampata. 
Omrah,  om'r&,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  dominions  of 
Jaloun,  26  miles  E.  of  Ditteah. 

Om'ro,  a  post-village  in  Omro  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  right  bank  of  Fox  River,  10  miles  W.  of 
Oshkosh,  and  99  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  mills,  and  has  manufactures 
of  lumber,  machinery,  window-glass,  carriages,  cheese,  <tc. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1239  J  of  the  township,  2270. 

Omsk,  omsk,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Akmollinsk,  on  the  Irtish,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Om.  Lat.  54°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'  E.  It  has  a  mili- 
tary school,  founded  by  the  Emperor  Alexander,  for  250 
pupils,  who  are  instructed  in  the  Kirgheez  and  Mongol  lan- 
guages, drawing,  and  geography,  a  Cossack  school,  a  hospi- 
tal, manufactures  of  military  clothing,  and  some  handsome 
public  buildings.     Pop.  30,559,  mostly  exiles. 

Omulew,  o'moo-lfiv^  (Pol.  pron.  o-moo'15v),  written 
also  Omoulev,  or  Omouleff,  a  river  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Konigsborg,  flows  S.E.,  enters  Poland,  and 
joins  the  Narew  on  the  right.     Length,  about  70  miles. 

Oman,  o^moon'  (?),  a  town  of  Guinea,  capital  of  a  ter- 
ritory, on  an  island  in  the  Old  Calabar  or  Cross  River.   Lat. 
6°  9'  N.;  Ion.  8°  15'  E.     Estimated  pop.  5000. 
Omzimkolo,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Uhziukxtlu. 
Ona,  o'ni,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  on  the  S.W.  frontiers 
of  Irkootsk,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Choona  to  form 
the  Tasieva,  an  affluent  of  the  Yenisei.    Length,  280  miles. 
Onacusa,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Hunter's  Island. 
Ona'ga,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Holton. 

Onail,  o'nir,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Oojein. 

Ouakutan,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.    See  Onekotan. 
On^alas'ka,  a  post-village  in  Onalaska  township,  La 
Crosse  co.,  Wis.,  on  Black  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  Green  Bay  A  Min- 
nesota Railroads,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a 
church  and  several  steam  saw-mills.     The  manufacture  of 
pine  lumber  is  the  principal  business  of  the  place.     Pop. 
in  1890,  1587 ;  of  the  township,  additi,onal,  1030. 
Onalaska  Island.    See  Oonalaska. 
Onalego,  o-nk-Wgo,  one  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in 
ihe  Pacific  Ocean. 

Onan'cock,  a  post-village  of  Accomack  co.,  Ya.,  near 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  college,  a  newspaper  office,  7  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages  and  furniture.  A  steamboat  plies  be- 
tween this  i^lace  and  Baltimore. 


Onar'ga,  a  post-village  in  Onarga  township,  Iroquoit 
00.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  85  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  43  milee  N.  by 
E.  of  Champaign.  It  has  a  bank,  7  or  8  churches,  a  news- 
paper  office,  a  graded  school,  the  Grand  Prairie  Seininury 
and  Commercial  College,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  flux, 
and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  994;  of  the  township,  2Nii. 

O&ate,  on-yi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipozooa,  80 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Bilbao.  Pop.  4812.  It  baa  a  fine  tow^ 
hall,  3  parish  churches,  a  hospital,  a  university,  a  college, 
and  iron-foundries,  nail-factories,  and  gun-factories. 

O^nativ'ia,  a  station  in  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  14  miles  S 
of  Syracuse. 

Onawa,  Sn'^-w*,  or  Onawa  City,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  on  the 
Sioux  City  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sioux  City, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  newspapers.    Pop.  (1890j  135S. 

On'berg,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about  40 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Onda,  on'dl,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  4670. 

Ondara,  on-d&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
60  miles  from  Alicante.     Pop.  2235. 

Ondaree,  on'd&-ree\  a  small  island  of  India,  off  the 
harbor  of  Bombay,  about  1  mile  from  the  mainland. 

Ondarroa,  on-daR-Ro'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Biscay,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Onea  Halgan,  o-n&'&  h&rg&n',  or  simply  Halgan, 
an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  forming  the  most  northern 
of  the  large  islands  of  the  Loyalty  group.  Lat.  20°  33'  33" 
S. ;  Ion.  166°  26'  14"  E. 

O'Neal,  o-neel',  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  eo.,  CaL 
Pop.  1719. 

O'Neal,  a  post-township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
1348.     O'Neal  Post-Office  is  7  miles  from  Greer's  Depot. 

O'Neal's,  o-neelz',  a  post-office  of  Amite  co.,  Miss.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Liberty. 

O'Neal's,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1294. 

O'Neal's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  9  milea 
S.E.  of  La  Grange.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

One  and  a  Half  Degree  Chan'nel,  a  passage 
through  the  Maldive  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  It  is 
about  50  miles  wide,  and  is  frequently  used  by  vessels  pro- 
ceeding to  Ceylon,  in  the  west  monsoon. 

Oneata,  o-n&-&'t&,  one  of  the  smaller  Fecjee  Islands 
Lat.  18°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  31'  W. 

Oneat'ta,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon. 

One'co,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Moosup  River,  and  on  the  Hartford,  Provi- 
dence &  Fishkill  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  Willimantio.  It 
has  a  cotton -factory  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Oneco,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oneco  township,  Stephenson 
CO.,  111.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Freeport.  The  township  con- 
tains Orangeville  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1401. 

Oneeow,  or  Oneechow.    See  Nihau. 

One'ga  (Russ.  pron.  o-n4'g4),  a  river  of  Russia,  gor- 
ernmenta  of  Olonetz  and  Archangel,  rises  in  Lake  Latoha, 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Onega  at  its  S.E.  extremity.  Numerous  falls  render  it 
innavigable,  but  in  spring  many  rafts  are  floated  on  it  to 
the  sea.    See  Lake  Onega  and  Qvvr  of  Onbga. 

Onega,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  85  milef 
S.W.  of  Archangel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Onega  River  in 
the  Gulf  of  Onega.     Pop.  2274. 

Oneglia,  o-nfil'y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  41  milea  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Nice,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Pop.  3047.  It  bae 
remains  of  fortifications,  destroyed  by  the  French  in  179^ 
some  decaying  churches  and  convents,  a  college,  prison, 
and  a  small  port. 

One  Hundred  and  Two  River.    See  Huiu>rb> 

AND  Two. 

Onehun'ga,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  Manukau 
Harbor,  6  milea  by  rail  S.W.  of  Auckland,  of  which  it  is 
one  of  the  ports.     Pop.  1913. 

Oneida,  o-ni'd%,  a  large  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear  River,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Snake  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Port 
Neuf,  Blackfoot,  and  John  Gray's  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  presents  beautiful  scenery.     Among  ita 

Srominent  features  are  the  three  Tetons  in  the  N.E.  part, 
ne  of  these,  named  Mount  Hayden  (formerly  Grand  Te- 
ton), is  13,858  feet  high.  The  highlands  are  covered  with 
extensive  forests  of  pine  and  other  evergreen  trees.  Toe 
plains  and  low  hills  are  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The  aoil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.     Gold  is  found  in  this  ooan^t 


ONE 


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which  also  contains  volcanic  rocks.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  2700  square  miles.  Capital, 
Malad  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  6964;  in  1890,  6819. 

Oneida^  a  county  of  New  York,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  1196  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
8.W.  by  Oneida  Creek  and  Oneida  Lake,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Mohawk  and  Black  Rivers,  and  Oriskany,  Fish,  and 
West  Canada  Creeks.  The  Chenango  and  Unadilla  Rivers 
rise  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and 
in  some  places  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  mostly 
adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Hay,  butter,  cheese, 
oats,  potatoes,  hops,  cattle,  and  Indian  com  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton goods,  woollen  goods,  leather,  and  other  articles. 
Trenton  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  at  the  cel- 
ebrated Trenton  Falls,  16  miles  N.  of  Utica.  Among  the 
other  minerals  of  this  county  are  gypsum,  Utica  slate, 
iron  ore,  and  hydraulic  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Erie  and  Black  River  Canals,  and  the  New  York  Central 
&  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  k 
Western  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Rail- 
road, the  Rome,  Watertown  &,  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and 
the  West  Shore  Railroad.  These  railroads  all  centre  at 
Utica,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
110,008;  in  1880,  115,476;  in  1890,  122,922. 

Oneidat  a  post- village  of  Bingham  co.,  Idaho,  40  miles 
S.  of  Blacktoot.     It  has  general  stores.     Pop.  about  120. 

Oneida^  a  post-town  in  Ontario  township,  Knox  co., 
m.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Galva.  It  con- 
tains 2  banks,  6  churches,  and  a  graded  school-house,  and 
has  manufactures  of  furniture,  pumps,  and  wagons.  Pop. 
1034.  It  is  surrounded  by  rich  prairies,  in  which  coal  is 
found  about  20  feet  below  the  surface. 

Oneida^  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  1368. 

Oneida^  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  790. 

Oneida^  a  post-office  of'Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  A  Denver  City  Railroad,  8^  miles  E.  of  Seneca. 

Oneida,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  2399. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Grand  Ledge. 

Oneida,  a  post-village  in  Lenox  township,  Madison 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Oneida  Creek,  and  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  York  A 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  the  Erie  Canal,  26 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse,  27  miles  W.  of  Utica,  and  58  miles 
S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  fine  public  halls, 
a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  flour- 
ing-mills  and  breweries,  a  steam  knitting-mill,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  foundry,  manufactures  of  steam-engines  and  car- 
riages, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers. 
The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  Large  quantities  of  nops 
and  dairy-products  are  produced  in  the  vicinity  and  ex- 
ported from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  6083. 

Oneida,  or  Oneida  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Brown 
township,  Carroll  co.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  on  the  Tusca- 
rawas Branch  of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Ohio  <fc  Toledo  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Carrollton, 
and  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  grist-mills  and 
ibout  25  houses.     Here  is  Oneida  Mills  Post-Office. 

Oneida,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  386. 

Oneida,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay. 
It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  a  reservation  of  Oneida  Indians 
who  came  from  New  York. 

Oneida,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  near 
Cayuga.     Pop.  200. 

Oneida  Castle,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  and 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Utica,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  the  village  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  church,  a 
union  school,  and  a  cigar-factory.    Pop.  262. 

Oneida  Community,  a  village  on  the  New  York 
Midland  Railroad,  in  Lenox  township,  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
and  in  Vernon  township,  Oneida  co.,  4  miles  S.  of  Oneida. 
Here  dwell  most  of  the  followers  of  J.  H.  Noyes,  a  religious 
and  social  innovator,  who  founded  this  place  in  1848.  Steel 
traps,  sewing-silk,  ribbons,  leathern  bags,  canned  goods, 
plated  ware,  Ac,  are  among  the  articles  here  manufactured. 
Oneida  Creek  furnishes  water-power.  A  weekly  paper  is 
issued  here.     Post-office,  Community. 

Oneida  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  runs 
nearly  northward,  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Madison  and  Oneida,  and  enters  the  E.  end  of  Oneida  Lake. 

Oneida  Lake,  New  York,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
state,  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  washes  the  N. 
border  of  Madison  oo.  and  the  S.  border  of  Oswego,  also 
touohes  the  W.  part  of  Oneida  co.     It  is  about  20  miles 


long,  and  its  greatest  width  is  6  miles.  Its  outlet  is  tha 
Oneida  River. 

Oneida  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Syra- 
cuse.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Oneida  Mills,  Carroll  co.,  0.     See  Oneida. 

Oneida  River,  New  York,  issues  from  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Oneida  Lake,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Onondaga  and  Oswego.  It  is  nearly  16 
miles  long,  and  unites  with  the  Seneca  River  about  12  milea 
N.N.W,  of  Syracuse  to  form  the  Oswego  River. 

Oneida  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Lenox  township, 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Rome.     Pop.  273. 

O'Neill,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  at  a 
railway  junction,  129  miles  W.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  4 
newspaper  offices  and  numerous  business  concerns.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1226. 

Onekama,  o-nek'^-ma,  a  post-hamlet  in  Onekama 
township,  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan  and  Por- 
tage Lake,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  several 
lumber-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township,  684.  Portage  Lake 
forms  a  good  harbor,  and  is  connected  with  Lake  Michigan 
by  a  strait  or  outlet. 

Onekotan,  o-na-ko-t&n',  or  Onakntan,  o'n&-koo- 
t&n',  or  Amakootan,  &-m&-koo-t&n',  one  of  the  Kooril 
Islands,  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Kamchatka,  between  tha 
Pacific  Ocean  and  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  Lat.  49°  24'  N. ; 
Ion.  156°  E.     Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  15  miles. 

Onemen,  o-na-min',  a  river  of  Siberia,  flows  N.E.,  and 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  forming  the  estuary 
of  the  Anadeer,  in  Behring  Sea.     Length,  90  miles. 

Oneon'ta,  a  post-village  in  Oneonta  township,  Otsego 
oo.j  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Albany  <fc 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  82  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and  60 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  contains  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  several 
factories,  and  mills  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad  com- 
pany.    Pop. in  1880,  3002;  in   1890,  6272. 

Oneon'tO,  a  post-village  of  Alabama,  capital  of  Blount 
CO.,  37  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Oneo'ta,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oneota  township,  St.  Louis 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Lake  Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Louis 
River,  4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Duluth.     It  has  a  church. 

Onghin,  on-gheen',  a  river  of  Mongolia,  rises  about 
lat.  46°  N.,  Ion.  104°  E.,  flows  S.E.,  and  discharges  itself 
into  the  lake  Kooragan-Oolan-Nor,  on  the  N.  of  the  Desert 
of  Gobi.     Total  course,  200  miles. 

Onglahy,  a  river  of  Madagascar.     See  Dartmouth. 

Ongole,  ong^gol',  or  Angola,  &n-goo'la,  a  town  of 
India,  170  miles  N.  of  Madras,  irregularly  and  meanly 
built,  having  a  stone  fort  on  the  margin  of  a  fine  lake.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  Baptist  college  and  a  woman's  normal  school. 
Pop.,  with  suburbs,  31,666. 

Onihow,  Hawaiian  Islands.     See  Nihau. 

Onikszti,  or  Onikshti,  o-niksh'tee,  written  also 
Onikcht,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  66  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Onil,  o-neel',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2260. 

Onion  (un'yun)  Creek,  or  Wa'terstown,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Travis  CO.,  Tex.,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Austin.  It 
has  a  church. 

Onion  River,  Vermont.    See  Winooski. 

Onion  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Sheboygan  co.,  runs 
first  southeastward,  and  finally  northward,  and  enters  the 
Sheboygan  River  at  Sheboygan  Falls. 

Onion  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis., 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  ^  mile  from  Waldo  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Onis,  o-neess',  or  Onsa,  on's&,  an  island  of  Spain,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Pontevedra,  lat.  42°  20'  N. 

Onkerzeeie,  Ank'^r-ziH^b,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Dender,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent. 

Onnaing,  on^niu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Valenciennes.  It  has  manufactures  of  crockery, 
soap,  and  sugar.     Pop.  3933. 

O'no,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  18°  65'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  25'  W. 

Ono,  5-no',  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  at  Brass- 
field,  13  miles  E.  of  Spickardsville. 

Ono,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ono,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.  It  has  a  lumb«r> 
mill. 


ONO 


2063 


ONT 


Onnba,  the  ancient  name  of  HtiELVA. 
O'uock,  a  hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Southampton 
township,  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Moriches  Bay,  near  the  vil- 
lage of  w  esthampton. 

Onod,  o'nod',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Borsod,  on 
the  Sajo,  an  affluent  of  the  Theiss,  46  miles  N.W.  of  De- 
breczin.     Pop.  2056. 

Onoko,  Pennsylvania.     See  Glen  Onoko. 
O^non',  a  river  of  Mongolia  and  Asiatic  Russia,  after 
A  N.W.  course  of  380  miles  joins  the  Ingoda,  40  miles  W.  of 
Nertchinsk,  to  form  the  Shilka. 

Onondaga,  on-on-daw'ga,  a  county  in  Central  New 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  824  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  Oneida  River,  on  the  S.W. 
by  Skaneateles  Lake,  and  is  intersected  by  Seneca  River, 
and  drained  by  Chittenango  and  Onondaga  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  level  or  undulating. 
The  western  portion  of  the  Great  Level  is  in  this  county. 
The  soil  is  mostly  calcareous  and  fertile.  Here  are  forests 
of  the  oak,  ash,  beech,  elm,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
Butter,  hay,  oats,  wheat,  barley,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  salt,  corniferous  limestone,  gypsum, 
and  Onondaga  limestone,  which  is  a  good  material  for  build- 
ing. Salt  is  obtained  from  springs  in  the  vicinity  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  the  value  of  the  salt  exported  from  this  county 
sometimes  exceeds  $1,000,000  annually.  The  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Erie  Canal,  and  by  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 
and  other  lines,  all  of  which  centre  at  Syracuse,  the  capital 
of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  104,183;  in  1880,  117,893: 
in  1890,  146,247. 

Onondaga,  a  post-village  in  Onondaga  township,  Ing- 
ham CO.,  Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Grand  River  Val- 
ley Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson,  and  18  miles  S. 
of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  2  mineral  wells, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  200 ;  of  the  township,  1252. 

Onondaga,  or  Onondaga  Hill,  a  post-village  of 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  176. 
Here  is  Onondaga  Post-Officc.  The  township  is  drained 
by  Onondaga  Creek,  and  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
Onondaga  Valley,  also  hamlets  named  Danforth,  Navarino, 
and  Howlet  Hill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6038. 

Onondaga,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on 
•the  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  7 J 
■miles  E.  of  Brantford.     Pop.  400. 

Onondaga  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Syracuse. 

Onondaga  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
Onondaga  eo.,  runs  N.,  and  enters  Onondaga  Lake. 

Onondaga  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Onondaga  co., 
about  2  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.  The  water  is  impure 
or  saline.  "  This  small  but  interesting  lake,"  says  Van- 
uxem,  "  is  about  5  miles  in  length  and  about  a  mile  in 
breadth ;  its  greatest  depth  65  feet.  It  is  the  remains  of 
an  ancient  and  deep  excavation  in  the  Onondaga  salt  group, 
of  which  Onondaga  Valley  forms  the  S.  part,  all  which  has 
been  filled  up  with  sand,  gravel,  dkc,  except  the  part  occu- 
pied by  the  lake."  In  this  vicinity  are  the  most  productive 
flalt  springs  in  the  United  States.  Elevation,  361  feet.  Its 
waters  pass  by  a  short  outlet  to  Seneca  River. 

Onondaga  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Onondaga  town- 
ship, Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name, 
in  a  beautiful  valley,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.    It  con- 
tains 2  churches  and  the  Onondaga  Academy.     Pop.  571. 
Onore,  a  seaport  town  of  India.    See  Honawar. 
Ono'ta,  a  post-village  of  Alger  co.,  Mich.,  in  Onota 
township,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  40  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Marquette,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Island.     It 
has  a  blast-furnace  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  517. 
O'noville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Little 
Valley. 

Onrnst,  on'rtist,  a  small  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Java, 
near  Batavia,  with  the  government  ship-yard. 
Onsa,  an  island  of  Spain.  See  Onis. 
Ons'low,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  New 
River.     The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with 

fine  forests.     The  soil  is  sandy.     The  S.  part  is  occupied 
y  marshes.     Indian  com,  cotton,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Wilmington,  Onslow  &  East  Carolina  Railroad.     Capital, 
Jacksonville.     Pop.  in  1880,  9829  ;  in  1890,  10,303. 
Onslow,  a  post-village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on  tb« 


Clinton  A  Anamosa  Railroad,  14  milee  E.  of  Anamo«a.    I» 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  cbeeae-factory. 

Ons'low,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Col- 
chester, on  the  estuary  of  Salmon  River,  opposite  Truro,  6« 
miles  N.  of  Halifax.    Pop.  260. 

Onslow,  or  Qnio,  kee^B',  a  river-port  of  Queboo,  co. 
of  Ottawa,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  25  miles  from  Aylmer.  It 
contains  6  stores,  3  hotels,  and  several  mills,  and  haa  a  large 
lumber-trade.     Pop.  500. 

Onslow  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  extendi 
for  80  miles  between  Capes  Fear  and  Lookout 

Onstwedde,  dnst'wAd'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  province  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Qroningen.  Pop.  of 
commune,  6046. 

Ontario,  on-ti're-o,  the  smalleet  and  most  easterly  of 
the  five  great  lakes  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  New  York  and  the  British 
province  of  Ontario.  It  is  about  190  miles  long  on  a  line 
drawn  nearly  east  and  west,  and  is  66  miles  wide  at  the 
broadest  part.  Area,  about  6600  square  miles.  The  mean 
depth  is  about  500  feet,  and  the  greatest  depth  more  than 
600  feet.  The  surface  is  232  feet  higher  than  the  level  of 
the  sea.  It  is  connected  with  Lake  Erie  by  the  Niagara 
River,  which  enters  Lake  Ontario  about  40  milee  from  its 
W.  extremity.  Vessels  pass  from  one  of  these  lakes  to  the 
other  by  the  Welland  Canal,  which  is  in  Canada,  and  is  28 
miles  long.  Lake  Ontario  is  never  closed  by  ice,  and  the 
water  freezes  only  near  the  shore  where  it  is  shallow.  Its 
outlet  is  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  which  issues  from  the 
E.  end  of  the  lake.  The  chief  towns  on  the  shores  of  the 
lake  are  Oswego,  Toronto,  Kingston,  and  Hamilton.  The 
largest  rivers  that  enter  it,  besides  the  Niagara,  are  the 
Genesee,  Oswego,  and  Black  Rivers.  It  contains  an  abun- 
dance of  fish.  "The  basin  of  Lake  Ontario,"  says  Pro- 
fessor Hall,  "  is  excavated  in  the  Medina  sandstone,  the 
Grey  sandstone,  the  Hudson  River  group  of  shales  and 
sandstones,  and  towards  its  E.  extremity  is  the  Trenton 
limestone.  It  appears  probable,  however,  as  stated  by  Mr. 
Vanuxem,  that  the  Trenton  limestone  forms  the  bed  of  this 
lake,  its  estimated  general  depth  reaching  about  to  the  sur- 
face of  that  rock." 

Onta'rio,  formerly  Upper  Canada,  or  Canada 
West,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  province  of  Quebec,  on  the  S.E., 
S.S.W.,  and  W.  b^  the  river  St.  Lawrence  and  its  great 
lakes  and  the  province  of  Manitoba,  and  on  the  N.W.  and 
N.  by  the  district  of  Eeewatin,  Hudson's  Bay,  and  the 
North- West  Territories,  Length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  about 
750  miles,  and  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  about  500  miles.  Area, 
222,000  square  miles.  Area  of  the  Ontario  frontier  waters 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  its  large  lakes,  27,094  square  miles. 
The  surface  of  the  country  is  diversified  by  rivers  and 
lakes,  a  main  watershed  separating  the  waters  of  the  Oi 
tawa  from  those  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  a  minor  one  di 
viding  the  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Simcoe  and  Lake 
Huron  from  those  flowing  into  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario. 

The  agricultural  resources  of  the  country  are  very  great. 
The  fertile  belt  extends  over  three-fourths  of  the  present 
inhabited  parts,  and  a  vast  arable  area  besides  this  is  open 
for  settlement.  Immense  crops  of  wheat  are  raised,  also 
oats,  barley,  Indian  com,  rye,  potatoes,  turnips,  Ac.  The 
apple-orchards  of  the  southwestern  counties  are  very  pro- 
ductive, and  pears,  plums,  grapes,  cherries,  and  vanotu 
kinds  of  berries  thrive. 

The  principal  rivers  of  Ontario  are  the  tributaries  of  the 
Ottawa ;  the  French,  the  Maganetawan,  the  Severn,  and 
the  Nottawasaga,  falling  into  Georgian  Bay ;  the  Ssugeen, 
the  Maitland,  and  the  Aux  Sables,  falling  into  Lake  Huron ; 
the  Thames,  running  S.W.  into  Lake  St.  Clair;  the  Grand, 
flowing  S.E.  into  Lake  Erie  ;  the  Trent,  in  part  of  its  oourse 
called  the  Otonabee,  and  the  Moira,  flowing  S.E.  into  the 
Bay  of  Quinte;  the  Niagara,  falling  into  Lake  Ontario, 
and  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Ottawa  forms  part  of  its  N.E. 
boundary.  The  lakes  of  Ontario  are  numerous,  the  aggre- 
gate area  of  the  waters  belonging  to  the  province,  not  count- 
ing the  larger  lakes  which  receive  its  waters  (Saperior, 
Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario),  is  estimated  at  2360  sqnar* 
miles.  Among  the  minor  lakes  are  Nipigon,  Simcoe,  Nipis- 
sing,  Ac.  The  principal  bays  are  the  Georgian,  Nottawasaga, 
Owen  Sound,  Long  Point,  Burlington,  and  Quinte. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  is  remarkable  in 
variety  and  richness.  Iron  is  found  in  large  quantities  a 
short  distance  back  of  Lake  Ontario,  in  the  country  between 
Georgian  Bay  and  the  Ottawa ;  also,  in  the  same  regioa, 
copper,  lead,  plumbago,  antimony,  arsenic,  manganese, 
gypsum,  marble,  and  building-stone.  Gold  has  also  beea 
found  in  the  same  region.     On  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Huroa 


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are  extensive  mines  of  copper,  and  on  the  shores  of  Lake 
Superior,  particularly  round  Thunder  Bay,  are  rich  silver 
deposits.  Amethysts  and  agates  are  also  found  there,  as 
well  as  mica,  iron,  gold,  cobalt,  and  bismuth.  The  petro- 
leum-wells in  the  southwesterly  part  of  the  province  yield 
considerable  supplies,  and  so  do  the  salt-wells  at  Goderich 
and  Kincardine.  Rock  salt  exists  at  several  points,  but  is 
not  mined.     Large  peat  beds  are  found  in  many  parts. 

The  principal  articles  manufactured  are  cloth,  linen,  fur- 
niture, sawn  timber,  flax,  iron  and  hardware,  paper,  soap, 
starch,  hats,  caps,  boots,  shoes,  leather,  cotton  and  woollen 
goods,  steam  engines  and  locomotives,  sewing-machines, 
wooden-ware  of  all  descriptions,  agricultural  implements, 
Ac.  The  railway  system  has  made  rapid  strides  in  Ontario. 
In  1852  there  was  not  a  single  mile  in  the  province,  while 
in  1890  there  were  about  12,000  miles  in  operation,  with 
perhaps  1000  additional  either  under  charter  or  in  course  of 
construction.  The  principal  canals  are  the  Welland,  be- 
tween Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  to  avoid  the  Niagara  Falls ; 
the  Rideau,  between  Kingston  and  Ottawa;  and  the  St. 
Lawrence  canals,  rendered  necessary  by  the  rapids  of  that 
river. 

The  school  system  affords  the  children  of  the  rioh  and 
poor  alike  the  means  of  free  education.  It  is  nnder  the 
control  of  a  chief  superintendent,  the  schools  being  sup- 
ported by  a  tax  on  property,  with  some  assistance  from  tne 
legislature.  There  are  53  inspectors  of  schools,  who  are  paid 
partly  by  the  council  and  partly  by  the  government.  The 
province  contains  17  Protestant  universities  and  colleges, 
and  3  Roman  Catholic  colleges;  lunatic  asylums  at  Kings- 
ton, Toronto,  London,  Amherstburg,  and  Orillia;  a  refor- 
matory prison  at  Penetanguishene ;  the  asylum  for  the  blind 
at  Brantford ;  the  deaf  and  dumb  asylum  at  Belleville;  the 
normal  school,  university  college,  and  Osgoode  Hall,  Toronto. 
The  public  affairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a 
lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  5  members, 
and  a  legislative  assembly  of  88  members,  elected  every  4 
years.  The  laws,  and  the  mode  of  administering  them,  are 
mainly  the  same  as  in  England :  the  practice,  however,  is 
simpler  and  less  expensive. 

Ontario  is  divided  into  49  counties,  which  are  subdivided 
into  88  electoral  districts.  The  names  of  the  counties  are 
Addington,  Algoma  District,  Bothwell,  Brant,  Bruce,  Card- 
well,  Carleton,  Dundas,  Durham,  Elgin,  Essex,  Frontenac, 
Glengarry,  Grey,  Haldimand,  Halton,  Hastings,  Huron, 
Kent,  Lambton,  Lanark,  Leeds  and  Gronville,  Lennox, 
Lincoln,  Middlesex,  Monck,  Muskoka  District,  Niagara, 
Nipissing  District,  Norfolk,  Northumberland,  Ontario,  Ox- 
ford, Parry  Sound,  Poel,  Perth,  Peterborough,  Prescott, 
Prince  Edward,  Renfrew,  Russell,  Simcoe,  Stonnont,  Vic- 
toria, Waterloo,  Welland,  Wellington,  Wentworth,  York. 
Pop.  (1891)  2,114,321.  The  principal  cities  are  Toronto 
(the  capital),  Ottawa  (the  capital  of  the  Dominion),  Kings- 
ton, Hamilton,  and  London. 

The  prevailing  religion  is  Methodist,  numbering  (1891) 
653,942  members;  next  Presbyterian,  with  a  membership 
of  453,146 ;  then  that  of  the  Church  of  England,  385,999, 
and  the  Church  of  Rome,  with  358,300  members.  The 
other  denominations  are  Baptists  (105,957),  Lutherans, 
Congregationalists,  &o. 

The  province  contains  many  objects  of  interest  to  the 
tourist,  among  which  are  the  Thousand  Islands  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  the  Great  Lakes,  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  and  the 
Falls  of  Kakabikka,  on  the  river  Kaministiquia,  30  miles 
from  its  outlet  into  Lake  Superior. 

In  1867,  under  the  Act  of  Confederation,  Upper  Canada 
was  erected  a  province  under  the  name  of  Ontario,  which  is 
the  most  populous  province  in  the  Dominion. 

Onta'riOy  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  New  York, 
ha«  an  area  of  about  674  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  is  drained  by  Flint,  Honeoye, 
and  Mud  Creeks,  and  Canandaigua  Outlet.  The  surface  is 
finely  diversified  with  verdant  hills,  valleys,  and  ridges. 
Among  its  beautiful  features  is  Canandaigua  Lake,  about 
16  miles  long.  This  county  has  many  thousand  acres  of 
woodland,  on  which  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  oak,  and  sugar- 
maple  are  found.  Wheat,  wool,  oats,  Indian  corn,  butter, 
hay,  and  barley  are  the  staple  products.  The  rocks  which 
underlie  this  county  are  corniferous  and  Onondaga  lime- 
stones and  Devonian  sandstone.  It  has  also  quarries  of 
gypsum  and  water-limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New 
York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Fall 
Brook  Railroad.  Capital,  Canandaigua.  Pop.  in  1870, 
45,108;  in  1880,  49,641;  in  1890,  48,453. 

Ontario^  a  county  in  the  province  of  Ontario,  border- 
ing Tipon  )  ake  Ontario.     Area,  860  square  miles.     This 


county  fs  watered  by  small  streams  flowing  into  Lake- 
Ontario  and  into  Lake  Simcoe,  which  latter  forms  its 
northwestern  boundary.  The  Grand  Trunk,  Toronto  & 
Nipissing,  Midland,  and  Whitby  4  Port  Perry  Railway* 
intersect  this  county.     Capital,  Whitby.     Pop.  45,990. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  "Cal., 
about  IS  miles  W.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  is  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  a  bank,  planing-  and  grist-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  683. 

Ontario,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ontario  township,  Knox  co., 
111.,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <t 
Quincy  Railroad,  and  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
Oneida.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1942. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Lima  township.  La  Grange 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pigeon  River,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  La 
Grange,  about  32  miles  E.  of  Elkhart,  and  2  miles  £.  of 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  the  Ontario  Collegiate  Institute,  and  has 
manufactures  of  flour,  cloth,  sash,  blinds,  i.c.     Pop.  277. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township.  Story 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  1# 
miles  E.  of  Boone,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Nevada.  It  has  . 
churches.     Good  coal  is  mined  here. 

Ontario,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  about  42' 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  On- 
tario township,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Rochester,  and  11  miles  W.  of  Sodus.  It  ha» 
3  churches,  a  furnace,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  The  township, 
which  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  contains  Ontario 
Centre  and  Furnaccville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2611. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township,  Rich- 
land 00.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy 

Ontario,  a  post-office  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  on  th» 
Kickapoo  River,  9  miles  S.  of  Norwalk,  and  about  36  mile» 
E.  by  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  2  flour- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Ontario,  Ontario.    See  Winona. 

Ontario  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Ontario  township,  li  miles  from  Ontario  Station,  which 
is  18  miles  E.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Onta'rioville,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Ontelannee,  a  township  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  1339, 

Onteniente,  on-ti-ne-£n't&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Va- 
lencia, on  the  Clariano,  11  miles  S.W.  of  San  Felipe  d» 
Jativa.  Pop.  7793.  It  has  several  churches  and  convents,, 
a  hospital,  a  college,  and  a  residence  of  the  Duke  of  AU 
modovar,  also  active  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens. 

Ontonag'on,  a  small  river  in  the  upper  peninsula  of 
Michigan,  is  formed  by  the  South,  Middle,  East,  and  West 
Branches,  which  all  rise  in  Ontonagon  co.,  except  the  East 
Branch,  and  unite  near  Rockland.  The  river  runs  nearly^ 
northward,  and  enters  Lake  Superior  at  Ontonagon. 

Ontonagon,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  the  most  west- 
ern part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  Area,  1342  square  miles* 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Superior,  on  the  S.W, 
by  the  Montreal  River.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ontonagon 
River  and  its  branches,  and  Presque  Isle  River.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  with  high  hills  and  extensive  forests,  in 
which  the  pine  and  sugar-maple  are  found.  The  Porcupine 
Mountains,  in  its  N.  part,  are  about  1200  feet  higher  than 
the  lake.  Copper  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Milwaukee  A  Northern  and  Duluth, 
South  Shore  A  Atlantic  Railroads.  Capital,  Ontonagon. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2846;  in  1880,  2565;  in  1890,  3766, 

Ontonagon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ontonagon  co., 
Mich.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  Lake  Supe- 
rior, at  the  mouth  of  the  Ontonagon  River,  about  135  miles 
E.  of  Duluth,  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Houghton.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  large 
hotel,  a  copper-smelting  furnace,  a  grist-mill,  2  steam  saw- 
mills, and  a  cigar-faotory.  Copper,  which  is  mined  abouft 
12  miles  from  this  place,  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1564. 

Ont'wa,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  929. 

OnAvard,  Cass  co.,  Ind.     See  Dow. 

O'nyx,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Onzain,  ON«^ziN»',  a  village  of  France,  on  the  railroad 
from  Orleans  to  Tours,  46  miles  from  Orleans. 

Oo,  5,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  4  miles 
W.  of  BagnSres-de-Luchon,  at  the  foot  of  a  pass  of  thf 
Pyrenees.     Near  it  is  a  cascade  853  feet  high. 

Ooanlin,  a  town  of  Manchooria.     See  Wanliiu 


UOB 


2065 


OUR 


Ooba,  Ouba,  or  Uba,  oo'hk,  a  river  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Tomsk,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Irtish. 
Length,  above  100  miles. 

Oobsa  (Oubsa  or  Ubsa)  Nor,  oob'si  nor,  a  lake  of 
the  Chinese  Empire,  Khalkas  Country.  Lat.  49°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  92°  E.     Length,  75  miles ;  breadth,  25  miles. 

Ooch,  ootch,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Bhawlpoor,  near  the  junction  of  the  Chenaub  and  Sutlej. 
Lat.  29°  11'  N.;  Ion.  70°  60'  E.     Pop.  20,000. 

Oochee,  Onchi)  or  Uchi,  oo'chee,  written  also 
Young-Ning,  Yun-Pin,  or  Fou-Hoa,  a  town  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  230  miles  N.E.  of  Kashgar.  It  has  an 
imperial  mint. 

Ooda,  Onda,  or  Uda,  oo'di,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises 
in  the  S.E.  slope  of  the  Stanovoi  Mountains,  flows  E.N.E., 
and  falls  into  a  large  bay  of  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  opposite 
the  island  of  Feklistof.     Total  course,  200  miles. 

Oodabad;  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ordubad. 

Oodai;  Ondai,  or  TJdai,  oo-di',  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  government  of  Chernigov, 
flows  S.E.,  and  above  Loobny  joins  the  Soola  on  the  right. 
Total  course,  160  miles. 

Oodana^  oo-d&'n&,  a  village  of  Belooohistan,  18  miles 
E.  of  Gundava,  on  the  route  to  Shikarpoor.  Lat.  28°  30' 
N. ;  Ion.  67°  49'  B.  Seven  miles  E.  of  this  place  are  the 
ruins  of  Old  Oodana. 

Oodeepoor,  oo-dee-poor',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Bombay,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Surat.  Lat.  22° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  7'  E. 

Oodeepoor,  or  Odeypoor,  a  town  of  India,  150 
miles  S.  of  Gwalior.     Lat.  23°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  9'  E. 

Oodeypoor,  or  Udaipor,  ooMI-poor',  a  native  state 
of  India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor,  Bengal.  Lat.  22°  3.5'-22°  47' 
N. ;  Ion.  83°  4.5'-83°  49.5'  E.  It  is  nearly  surrounded  by 
other  native  states.  Area,  1051  square  miles.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  a  native  rajah.  Gold  is  here  obtained,  and  coal 
exists.  The  country  is  poor  and  not  productive.  Capital, 
Rabkob,  a  small  town  near  the  centre.     Total  pop,  27,708. 

Oodeypoor  Chota.    See  Chuta-Oodipoor. 

Oodinsk,  Ondinsk,  or  Udinsk,  oo-dinsk'  or  oo- 
deensk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Transbaikalia, 
on  the  Ooda,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Selenghinsk.     Pop.  2788. 

Oodipoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Odetpoob. 

Oodoo-da-Kote,  oo'doo-di-kot,  a  village  of  India, 
in  the  Punjab.     Lat.  30°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  14'  E. 

Oodskoi,  Oudskoi,  or  Udskoi,  ood-skoi',  a  village 
of  East  Siberia,  on  the  Ooda  (Uda),  near  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk. 

Oofa,  Oufa,  or  Ufa^  oo'f&,  a  river  of  European  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
Belaia  near  Oofa.     Length,  400  miles. 

Oofa»  Onfa*  or  Ufa,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the 
government  of  Oofa,  on  the  Oofa  and  the  Belaia,  200  miles 
N.  of  Orenboorg.  Pop.  20,917.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  mosque,  and  various  manufactures. 

Oofa,  Oaia,  or  Ufa,  a  government  of  European 
Russia,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ural  Mountains,  which 
occupy  the  eastern  part  of  the  province ;  but  the  W.  is  a 
great  plain,  extending  W.  to  the  Kama  River.  Capital, 
Oofa.     Area,  47,031  square  miles.     Pop.  1,364,926, 

Ooglitch,  Onglitch,  or  Uglitch,  oogMitch'  or  oog^- 
leetch',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Yaroslav,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga.  Pop.  13,069. 
It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and  has  a  ruined  cita- 
del, a  monastery,  30  churches,  and  several  schools. 

Oogra,  Ougra,  or  Ugra,  oo'gri,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Kalooga,  joins  the  Oka  about  9  miles  above 
the  town  of  Kalooga.     Total  course,  about  200  miles. 

Ooi,  Oui,  or  Ui,  oo'ee,  a  river  of  West  Siberia,  between 
the  governments  of  Orenboorg  and  Tobolsk,  rises  in  the 
Ural  Mountains,  and,  after  an  E.  course  of  200  miles,  joins 
the  Tobol  at  Oost-Ooiskaia,  lat,  54°  N,,  Ion.  63°  E. 

Oojak,  or  Oiuak,  oo^jik',  a  bay  of  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  island  of  Kadiak,  near  lat. 
57°  14'  N.  and  Ion.  152°  W.,  extending  27  miles  S.S.E. 

Oojein,  oo'jin',  written  also  Oojain,  Ougein, 
Oiyein,  and  Ugein  (ano.  Ozenmf),  a  city  of  Central 
India,  254  miles  S.W,  of  Gwalior,  and  the  former  capital 
of  its  dominions.  Lat.  23°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  51'  B.  Its 
walls  are  about  6  miles  in  circumference,  the  town  being 
compactly  built.  Principal  edifices,  several  mosques  and 
mausoleums,  the  palace  of  Dowlut  Row  Sindia,  and  some 
Hindoo  structures,  in  one  of  which  is  a  remarkable  sculp- 
tured image  of  the  bull-god  Nundi.  The  city  has  an  active 
trade,  imports  being  fine  white  cloths,  turbans,  and  dyed 
goods,  with  assafoetida  from  Sinde,  and  European  and  Chi- 
nese produce  from  Surat;  exports,  cotton,  coarse  cloths, 
Malwah  opium,  and  diamonds,  in  transit  from  Bundelcund 


to  Surat.  Aronnd  it  are  various  temples  and  palacea,  and 
1  mile  N.  extensive  remains  of  a  more  ancient  oity  have 
been  discovered.     Estimated  pop.  100,000, 

Oojhanee,  or  Ujhani,  oo-j&'nee,  a  town  of  India. 
district  and  8  miles  S.S.M\  of  Budaon.     Pop.  7666. 

Ookesima,  Oukesima,  or  UkeBima*  oo-ki-sM'- 
mi,  an  island  of  Annam,  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  lat.  18°  60'  N., 
Ion.  106°  20'  E.,  and  25  miles  in  circuit. 

Oo-Kiang,  or  On-Kiang,  oo'ke-&ng',  aconiiderabl* 
river  of  China,  provinces  of  Koei-Choo  and  Se-Chuen,  joint 
the  Yang-tse-Kiang  after  a  N.  course  of  600  miles. 

Oolan-  (Onlan- or  Ulan-)  Khoton,  ooMin'-ko'- 
ton',  a  town  of  Mongolia,  near  the  Chinese  frontier,  120 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Peking. 

Oolan-  (Oulan-  or  Ulan-)  Obo,  ooMAn'-o'bo',  a 
mountain  of  Mongolia,  Khalkas  Country.  It  rises  oat  of  a 
plain  200  miles  S.E.  of  Oorga. 

Oolash,  Oalash,  or  Ulash,  oo^Uah',  an  Armenian 
village  of  Asia  Minor,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Seevas.  Near  the 
village  are  extensive  government  salt-workfl. 

Ooliassootai,  Oaliassontai,  or  Uliassntaiy 
oo'le-&s-soo-ti',  a  considerable  town  of  Mongolia,  on  the 
Ooliassootai  River,  near  lat.  47°  35'  N.,  Ion.  96°  E.  It  is 
the  residence  of  a  Manchoo  general  and  the  place  of  a 
Tartar  garrison. 

Ooloo-  (Uln-)  Irghiz,  Toorkistan.    See  Irohees. 

Ooltewah,  or  Ooltawab,  ool-t^-wah',  a  post- village, 
capital  of  James  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia &  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  <fcc. 

Ooltgensplaat)  olt'Hins-pl&t^  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  South  Holland,  on  Overflakkee 
Island,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rotterdam.      Pop.  2306. 

Ooman,  Ouman,  or  Uman,  oo^mftn',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  115  miles  S.  of  Kiev.  Pop.  15,393. 
It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and  has  several 
churches  and  factories. 

Oomarpoor,  or  Umarpoor,  oo^mar-poor',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  district.  Lat.  25°  2'  N,;  Ion.  86° 
57'  E.     It  has  a  large  trade  in  grain.     Pop,  3777. 

Oomnak,  or  Oumnak,  oom^n&k',  one  of  the  Fox 
Islands,  Alaska,  S.W.  of  Oonalaska,  60  miles  long,  and  12 
miles  broad.     It  has  a  volcano  which  ejects  hot  water. 

Oomra\iruttee,  a  town  of  India.    See  AMRAwurrr, 

Oon,  oon,  a  town  of  Western  India,  16  miles  N.  of 
Radhunpoor.     Lat.  24°  15'  N. :  Ion.  71°  45'  E. 

Oonalas'ka,  Oonalashka,  Unalaschka,  or 
Unalashka,  oo-na-l&sh'ka,  one  of  the  largest  of  tht 
Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska.  Lat.  of  Port  Iliuliuk,  63°  62- 
N. ;  Ion.  166°  32'  W.  Length,  75  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
20  miles.     It  has  several  volcanoes. 

Oonao,  or  Unao,  oo'na-o,  a  district  of  the  Luoknow 
division,  North-West  Provinces.  Area,  1736  square  miles. 
Capital,  Oonao.     Pop.  944,793. 

Oonao,  or  Unao,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Oonao 
district,  on  the  Cawnpoor-Lucknow  Railway,  20  miles  E,  of 
Cawnpoor.     Pop.  7277. 

Oond  Surweya,  soor-w4'yi,  a  small  district  of  British 
India,  in  the  peninsula  of  Kattywar,  province  of  Guzerat, 
between  21°  18'  and  21°  30'  N,  and  71°  38'  and  71°  66'  E. 
Area,  174  square  miles.     Pop.  11,373. 

Oonerpoor,  oo^n^r-poor',  a  large  village  of  Sinde,  20 
miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  on  the  route  thence  to  Sehwan. 

Oonga,  or  Onnga,  oon'g^  an  island  of  Alaska,  oft 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska.  Lat.  66* 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  160°-161°  W.     Length,  25  miles. 

Ooniara,  oo-ne-i'r4,  a  walled  town  of  India,  province 
of  Rajpootana.     Lat.  26°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  62'  E. 

Oouieh,  a  port  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Unthh. 

Oonimak,  or  Onnimak,  oo-ne-m4k',  one  of  toe 
largest  of  the  Fox  Islands,  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Length, 
66  miles ;  breadth,  26  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  rugged,  with  3  active  volcanoes,  the  principal  mounUln 
rising  8956  feet  above  the  sea. 

Oonzha,  OniOa,  oon'«h&,  or  Unsha,  a  river  oi 
Russia,  after  a  S.  course  of  260  miles  joins  the  Volga. 

Oonzha,  Oniua,  or  Unsha,  a  town  of  Rossia,  gov- 
ernment of  Kostroma,  on  the  above  river,  12  miles  N.B.  ol 
Makariev.     Pop.  1506, 

Oopa,  Oupa,  or  Upa,  oo'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Toola,  flows  W,  and  S.,  and  joins  the  Oka  88 
miles  S.  of  Kalooga.     Course.  130  miles. 

Ooralsk,  Ouralsk,  or  Uralsk,  oo-rilsk',  a  town  cf 
Russia,  capital  of  Ooralsk  government,  on  the  Ural,  164 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Orenboorg.  Pop.  17,690,  mostly  Cossacki 
of  the  Ural.  It  is  the  residence  of  their  attaman  or  ohie£ 
and  has  ohurohea,  a  war  office,  and  various  faotories. 


OOR 


206G 


OOT 


Ooralsk,  or  Ooral,  written  also  Onralsk,  Uralsk, 
and  Ural,  a  government  of  Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  S.W. 
by  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  traversed  by  the  river  Ural.  Area, 
120,840  square  miles.  Much  of  the  country  is  a  steppe,  in- 
habited northward  chiefly  by  the  Cossacks  of  the  Ural,  and 
in  the  S.  by  Kirgheez.     Capital,  Ooralsk.     Pop.  346,715. 

Ooralsk,  Verkhnee.     See  Vebkhhee  Ooralsk. 

Ooratepe,  Ouratepe,  or  Uratepe,  oo-r&-ti'pi, 
written  also  Ora  Tube,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Syr-Darya,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Samarcand.  It  stands 
at  the  foot  of  a  castle-crowned  hill,  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
has  broad  streets,  earthen  houses,  and  about  10  mosques. 
Pop.  9820,  mostly  Oozbeks,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
fine  shawls,  cloaks  of  goats'  hair,  and  cotton  goods. 

Oorcha,  a  rajahship  of  India.     See  Tirhbe. 

Oordeghem,  or  Oordegem,  oR'dQh-gh£m\  a  village 
of  Belgium,  East  Flanders,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.  P.  2026. 

Oorfa,  Ourfa,  or  Urfa,  ooR'fi,  written  also  Orfah, 
OR'fi,  and  Ro'ha  (anc.  Edes'ta),  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  78  miles  S.W.  of  Diarbekir.  Lat.  37°  8'  N. ;  Ion. 
38°  55'  E.  Estimated  population,  30,000,  a  mixture  of 
Turks,  Greeks,  Arabs,  Armenians,  and  Jews.  It  once  had 
numerous  handsome  mosques,  several  Greek  and  Armenian 
churches,  bazaars,  brisk  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  gold- 
smiths' wares,  and  morocco  leather,  and  considerable  com- 
merce; but  it  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire  in  1880.  Oorfa 
is  supposed  to  be  near  the  site  of  the  Vr  of  the  Chaldeea, 
mentioned  in  Scripture. 

Oorga,  Ourga,  or  Urga,  oor'g&,  a  city  of  Mongolia, 
capital  of  the  Khalkas  Country,  on  the  Toola,  a  tributary  of 
the  Orkhon,  and  on  the  route  from  Kiakhta  to  Peking,  165 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiakhte.  Lat.  48°  N. ;  Ion.  108°  E.  It 
has  a  college  of  Mongolian  priests,  and  is  the  seat  of  the 
Kootooktoo,  or  deified  Lama  of  the  Mongols. 

OorghenJ,  Onrghendj,  Urgeiu*  or  Urghendje, 
00R*ghflnj',  written  also  Orguty  (New),  a  village  of  Cen- 
tral Asia,  on  a  canal  near  the  Amoo-Darya,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Khiva,  with  500  houses. 

Oorghenj,  Onrghendj  (Old),  or  Knnya  Urgenj, 
koon'yi  ooR-gh4nj',  a  village  of  Central  Asia,  67  miles 
N.W.  of  Khiva. 

Oorioopinskaia,  Ourionpinskaia,  or  Urin- 
pinskaia,  oo-re-oo-pin-ski'i,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cos- 
sack territory,  on  the  Khoper,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Novokho- 
fersk. 

Oorloojah,  Onrlon^jah,  or  UrliUah,  ooR-loo'ji,  a 
ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  near  its  S.W.  coast,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Makree,  with  remains  of  temples,  and  an  aqueduct. 

Oorma,  Onrma,  or  Urma,  ooR'mi,  a  river  of  Si- 
beria, issues  from  a  lake  in  the  N.W.  of  the  government  of 
Tobolsk,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf 
of  Obi.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Ooroomeeyah,  Onronmiyah,  Urnmiyah,  or 
Uramea,  oo-roo-mee'yS,,  written  alsoUrmiah,  or  Oor- 
miah,  a  fortified  town  of  North  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  12 
miles  W.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  and  64  miles  S.W.  of  Ta- 
breez.  Estimated  pop.  25,000.  It  is  the  see  of  an  Arme- 
nian bishop,  supposed  to  be  the  Thebarma  of  Strabo,  and 
the  birthplace  of  Zoroaster.     See  Lake  op  Ooroomeeyah. 

Ooroomtsee,  Ouronmtsee,  or  Urnmptsi,  oo- 
Toomt'-sec'  (Chinese,  Tihoa,  te-ho'4),  a  city  of  the  Chinese 
Empire,  Soongaria,  N.  of  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains,  on  the 
Eelee  River,  in  lat.  43°  45'  N.,  Ion.  88°  50'  E.  It  is  large, 
has  several  temples  and  public  colleges,  and  is  reported  to 
be  the  seat  of  a  considerable  trade. 

Ooroop,  Onroup,  Urup,  or  Oarnp,  oo-roop',  one 
of  the  Kooril  Islands,  immediately  N.  of  Itooroop.  Lat. 
45°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  149°  34'  E.  Length,  50  miles:  breadth, 
12  miles.  It  is  a  mass  of  lofty  mountains  and  deep  glens. 
The  mineral  products  comprise  copper,  sulphur,  and  quartz. 

Ooran,  ooVfin',  a  town  of  British  India,  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Banda. 

Oorzhoom,  Onijoam,  or  Uijnm,  oon^zhoom',  writ- 
ten also  Urshnm,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  85 
miles  S.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Oorzhoomka,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Viatka.     Pop.  2454. 

Oosa,  Ousa,  or  Usa,  oo'sl,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
In  the  W.  slope  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  S.S.E.,  and 
joins  the  Petchora.     Length,  200  miles. 

Oosaki,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo.    See  Osaka. 

Oosbeks,  or  Oosbecks.    See  Oozbeks. 

Ooscat,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Yoozgat. 

Ooscotta,  008-kot'ti,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Bangalore. 

Oo'sea,  atown  of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  division 
of  Benares.     Pop.  (1872)  5680. 

Oosh,  Onch,  Uscb*  oosh,  or  Oachi,  oo'shee,  a  town 


of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  near  the  Russian  frontier,  75  miles 
W.  of  Aksoo.     Pop.  mostly  Oozbeks. 

Ooshitsa,  Ouchitza,  or  Uschitza,  oo-shit's&  or 
oo-sheet'8&,  also  called  Staraia  Ushitza  ("  Old  Ooshit- 
sa"),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Dniester,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  3708.     See  Novaia  Ooshitsa. 

Ooshnei,  Oushnei,  or  Ushnei,  oosh^ni',  a  town 
of  North  Persia;  in  Azerbaijan,  40  miles  S.  of  Ooroomee- 
yah.    It  comprises  about  200  houses. 

Oosima,  oo-see'm&,  or  Oshima,  o-shee'm&,  a  small 
but  populous  island  of  Japan,  ofi'  the  S.E.  coast  of  Hondo. 

Oosman,  Ousman,  or  Usman,  oos-m&n',  a  town 
of  Russia,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Oosman  River 
Pop.  7488. 

Oosooree,  Onsonri,  or  Usnri,  oo^soo^ree',  a  river 
of  Manchooria,  joins  the  Amoor  on  the  right,  about  500 
miles  from  its  mouth.     Length,  340  miles. 

Oosop,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Pakla. 

Oost,  Onst,  or  Ust,  cost  (Latin,  Ostium,  or  Oatia  ; 
Gr.  'OoTt'a,  "  mouth,"  or  "  mouths"),  a  Russian  prefix  to  the 
names  of  various  towns  situated  at  the  mouths  of  rivers ;  as, 
OosTiooG,  "  Yoog-mouth,"  Oost-Svsolsk,  "  Sysola-mouth," 
kc,  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yoog  and  Sysola. 

Oostacker,  os't&k^k^r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  2  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6600. 

Oo^tbnrg,  Sst'bQRG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  island 
of  Cadsand,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sluis.     Pop.  1806. 

Oost'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Holland  township,  She- 
boygan CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  3  churches. 

Oostcamp,  08t'k&mp\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  3  miles  S.  of  Bruges,  near  the  railway  and  canal 
to  Ghent.     Pop.  5000. 

Oostdnynkerke,  Sst'doin-kARK^^h,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  on  a  canal,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Bruges.     Pop.  1300. 

Oost-Eecloo,  58t-i-kl8',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  10  miles  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1960. 

Oostenan'la,  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  rises 
in  Gilmer  oo.,  flows  nearly  southwestward,  and  unites  with 
the  Etowah  at  Rome  to  form  the  Coosa. 

Oosterbeek,  Os't^r-b&k^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  3  miles  W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2167. 

Oosterhont,  Ss't^r-hdwt^  a  town  of  the  Netherland^, 
in  North  Brabant,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Breda.  It  has  a  Latin 
school,  tanneries,  breweries,  potteries,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth.     Pop.  8756. 

Oosterland,  os't^r-l&nt^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  island  of  Duiveland,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zierik- 
zee.     Pop.  1393. 

Oofiterzeele,  Ss't^r-ziMfh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2835. 

Oostioog  Velikee,  Oustioog  Veliki,  or  Ustiug 
Veliki,  008-te-oog'  v&-lee'kee  ("  Great  Oostioog"),  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  of  Vologda,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Yoog  and  Sookhona,  aflSuents  of  the  Dwina,  580  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  7792.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  3  cathedrals,  28  other  churches,  several 
monasteries  and  nunneries,  a  government  bank  and  post- 
office,  and  manufactures  of  tallow,  soap,  candles,  leather, 
tiles,  jewelry,  and  silver  goods. 

Oostioozhna,  or  Oustioiyna,  oos-te-oozh'n&,  writ- 
ten also  Ustiuschna,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
200  miles  N.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  the  Mologa.     Pop.  6900. 

Oost'Kam^enogorsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on 
the  Irtish,  province  and  75  miles  S.E.  of  Semipalatinsk. 
Pop.  3489. 

Oostmalle,  Sst'm&n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1325. 

Oostnieuwkerke,  ost'n'yii^kiRK^^h,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges.    P.  2580. 

Oost'Oort,  or  Ust-Urt,  a  desert  plateau  of  Russian 
Asia,  E.  of  the  Caspian  and  W.  of  the  Aral  Sea. 

Oost-  (Oast-  or  Ust-)  Sysolsk,  oost^-se-solsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  420  miles  N.E.  of  Vologda, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Sysola  and  Vytchegda.     Pop.  3570. 

Oostvleteren,  ost'vliHeh-ren,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Yser,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges. 

Oostwinkel,  or  Oostivynkel,  5st'i^!n^k9l,  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Lieve.     Pop.  1150 

Oot,  5t,  two  villages  of  Beloochistan,  28  miles  N.  of 
Lyaree,  on  the  route  thence  to  Bela. 

Ootacamnnd,  ooH&-k&-mund',  a  sanatory  station  of 
India,  Madras,  in  the  Neilgherrv  Hills,  52  miles  E.N.E,  of 
Calicut.     Lat.  11°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  50'  E.     Pop.  9982. 

Oo-Tchoo,  or  On-Tchou,  oo^choo',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-See.  130  miles  W. N.W.  of  Canton. 


OOT 


2067 


OPO 


Ooteghem,  o't§li-ghSm\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  7  miles  E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2736. 

Ooterpara,  or  Uttarpara,  oot^^r-pi'ri,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  Hoogly,  6  miles  by 
rail  N,  of  Howrah,     Pop.  4389. 

Oo-Thoo-Shan,  or  Ou-Thou-Chan,  oo-t'hoo- 
Bhin,  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo.  Lat.  35° 
7'N.;  Ion.  104°  5'  E. 

Ootmarsum,  or  Ootmarssum,  ot'm&R^siim,  a  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Almelo. 

Ootradroog,  oo^tri-droog',  a  town  of  India,  in  My- 
sore, 48  miles  N.E.  of  Seringapatam. 

Ootrivaloor,  ooHre-vi-loor',  a  town  of  India,  presi- 
dency and  47  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  7441. 

Ootul)  ooHul',,a  town  of  Beloochistan,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Bela.      Lat.  25°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  33'  E.     Pop.  2000. 

Oovelka,  Onvelka,  or  Uvelka,  oo-vSl'ki,  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  joins  the  Ooi  at 
Troitsk.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Oozbeks,  Ouzbeks, or  Uzbecks,  ooz'bfiks',  written 
also  Usbecks,  the  dominant  race  in  Toorkistan,  which  is 
sometimes  called  Oozbekistan,  or  the  "country  of  the 
Oozbeks."    See  Bokhara. 

Oozen,  Ouzeu,  or  Uzen,  oo-zfin'  (Bolchoi,  bol-ohoi', 
and  Maloi,  ml-loi'),  two  rivers  of  European  Russia,  gov- 
ernments of  Saratov  and  Orenboorg,  flow  parallel  to  each 
other,  S.E.,  for  about  250  miles,  and  from  10  to  30  miles 
apart,  and  finally  lose  themselves  in  salt  lakes,  100  miles 
from  the  Caspian. 

Oozh,  Oiy,  or  Uj,  oozh,  written  also  Usch  and  Ush, 
a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Pripets  a  little  above  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Dnieper,  after  a  course  of  125  miles. 

Opalenitz,  o'p&-li^nits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1497. 

Opalin,  o-p4-lin'  or  o-pi-leen',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Volhynia,  on  the  Bug,  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vladimeer. 

Oparo,  o-pi'ro,  or  Rapa,  ri'pi,  an  island  of  the 
Dangerous  Archipelago.    Lat.  27°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  3'  W. 

Opatow,  o-p4'tov,  a  town  of  Poland,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Sandomier,  on  an  aiBuent  of  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4918. 

Opbrakel)  op'bri^k^l,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Bast 
Flanders,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Audenarde.     Pop.  2000. 

Op'dyke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Mount 
Vernon.     It  has  a  church. 

Opeli'ka,  an  incorporated  town,  capital  of  Lee  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Columbus  Branch,  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery, 
and  29  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  the  S.E.  terminus 
of  the  Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  East 
Alabama  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It  has  4  white  churches, 
3  colored  churches,  several  seminaries,  a  chair-factory,  a 
manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds,  a  banking-house,  Ac.  Two 
or  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  P.  (1890)  3703. 

Opelousas,  o-pe-loo'sas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St. 
Landry  parish,  La.,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Baton  Rouge, 
and  150  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  contains  a 
tourt-house,  2  convents,  6  coffee-houses,  2  newspaper  offices, 
6  churches,  and  2  hotels.  About  10,000  bales  of  cotton  are 
annually  shipped  here.  Opelousas  is  6  miles  S.  of  Wash- 
ington, which  is  on  a  navigable  bayou.     Pop.  (1890)  1573. 

O'pen  Mead'ows,  post-office,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y. 

Op'enshaw,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
forming  an  eastern  suburb  of  Manchester. 

Opequan,  or  OpequoUj  o-pgk'on,  a  post-office  of 
Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.E.  of  Winchester. 

Opequan  Creek  rises  in  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  runs  in  a 
N.N.E.  direction,  passes  into  West  Virginia,  forming  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Berkeley  and  Jefferson,  and 
enters  the  Potomac  7  miles  N.E.  of  Martinsburg. 

Opheim,  Henry  co.,  HI.     See  Edwardsville. 

Ophesselt,  o-ffis's51t,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1200. 

O'phir,  an  ancient  country  mentioned  in  the  Scriptures 
and  renowned  from  the  earliest  times  for  its  gold.  Some 
suppose  it  to  be  the  same  as  the  modern  Sofala ;  others  con- 
jecture that  it  was  the  Malay  Peninsula,  known  to  the 
ancients  as  the  "Golden  Chersonesus"  {Cher»oneeuu  Aurea). 

O'phir,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Gal.  Pop.  2430.  It 
contains  Oroville. 

Ophir,  a  post- village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  li  miles  from 
Newcastle  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ophir,  a  post-office  of  Ouray  co.,  Col. 

Ophir,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  30  miles  N.E. 
:»f  Aeworth.      Gold  is  found  here. 


Ophir,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  El.    Pop.  1086. 

Ophir,  a  post-village  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  is  in  a  calloB 
of  the  Oquirrh  Mountains.  It  has  silver-mines  and  8 
stamp-mills  for  the  reduction  of  silver  ore.     Pop,  about  460. 

Ophir,  Moant,  an  isolated  mountain  or  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  in  lat.  2°  30'  N.,  Ion.  102°  28'  E.,  46  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Malacca,  having  a  triple  peak,  and  estimated  to 
rise  5693  feet  above  the  sea.  Most  of  the  gold  obtained  in 
the  peninsula  is  found  around  its  base. 

Ophir,  Mount,  a  mountain  of  Sumatra,  near  its  W 
coast,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Padang.  Lat.  0<*;  Ion.  100°  B. 
Estimated  height,  13,800  feet. 

O'phor,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.O.     Pop.  461. 

Ophoven,  o-fo'v§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limoourjo 
on  the  Meuse,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1150. 

Opinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Oppido. 

Opiterginm,  the  ancient  name  of  Oderzo. 

Opiaden,  op'll-d^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Wipper. 
It  has  an  iron-forge  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  2689. 

O  Plain,  a  river  of  Illinois.     See  Des  Plaineb. 

Opoczno,  o-potoh'no,  Opotschna,  or  Oppotsch> 
na,  op-potch'n4,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  N.E.  of  Koniggratz. 
It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  1939. 

Opoczno,  or  Opotchno,  o-potch'no,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warsaw,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Drzewica.     Pop.  4437. 

Op'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Joplin  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Girard,  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Joplin,  Mo. 

Oporto,  o-poR'to  (t.e.,  "the  port"),  or  Por'to  (L. 
Por'tua  Ca'le,  or  Por'tua  Calen'sie),  the  second  city  of  Por- 
tugal in  rank  and  commercial  importance,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Douro,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river  Douro,  2 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  175  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.  Lat. 
41°  9'  N.;  Ion.  8°  37'  W.  It  extends  two  miles  along  the 
N.  bank  of  the  river,  the  streets  rising  in  terraces  one  above 
the  other,  while  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Douro  are  the  ex- 
tensive suburbs  with  immense  warehouses  for  storing  wines. 
Oporto  is  enclosed  by  walls  flanked  with  towers,  and  is  further 
protected  by  a  fort.  There  are  in  all  11  public  squares, 
called  campos,  many  of  which  are  ornamented  with  foun- 
tains. The  most  conspicuous  public  buildings  are  the  gen- 
eral hospital,  town  hall,  a  large  and  fine  cathedral,  80  other 
churches,  the  episcopal  palace,  many  handsome  belfries,  the 
English  factory  (a  fine  building  of  white  granite),  exchange, 
mint,  barracks,  opera-house,  &o.  Many  of  the  dwellings 
have  gardens  attached,  and  its  public  fountains,  like  most 
of  the  older  public  edifices,  are  ornamented  with  arabesque 
carvings.  One  of  the  most  striking  architectural  objeets  in 
Oporto  is  the  Torre  dos  Clerigos  ("Tower  of  the  Clergy"), 
attached  to  the  church  of  the  same  name.  The  city  had  for- 
merly numerous  convents,  but  many  of  these  were  de- 
stroyed during  its  siege  in  1832.  Railways  to  the  N.  and 
S.  connect  it  with  the  chief  towns  of  the  kingdom. 

Oporto  is  the  seat  of  a  medical  college  and  other  superior 
schools,  and  has  a  foundling  hospital,  numerous  other  hos- 
pitals, a  public  library  and  gallery  of  paintings,  commer- 
cial association,  several  clubs,  banks,  &c.  Silk-factories  are 
established  in  and  around  the  city,  which  has  also  manu- 
factures of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods,  shawls,  leather, 
earthenwares,  and  soap,  ship-building  yards,  and  iron- 
foundries.     It  is  the  chief  manufacturing  city  in  Portugal. 

The  harbor  is  accessible  from  the  sea  for  vessels  of  from 
200  to  300  tons,  and  the  Douro  is  navigable  for  river-orafl 
to  100  miles  above  the  city.  The  quay  extends  the  whol« 
length  of  the  town,  having  on  one  side  a  street,  and  on  the 
other  a  wall,  raised  for  the  purpose  of  fastening  ships' 
cables.  The  Douro  is  subject  to  dangerous  freshets  by  the 
rains  or  melting  of  the  mountain-snows.  The  urinoipal 
trade  of  Oporto  is  in  port  wine,  to  which  it  gives  tne  name. 
The  lesser  articles  of  export  are  bullion,  oil,  sumaoh,  lemons, 
oranges,  wool,  refined  sugar,  cream  of  tartar,  salt,  leather, 
cork,  and  linen.  The  chief  imports  are  com,  beef,  sugar, 
coffee,  deals,  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  hardware,  flsh, 
hemp,  flax,  and  rice.  Near  the  city  are  mines  of  coal, 
copper,  and  antimony,  but  they  are  at  present  little 
wrought.  The  climate  of  Oporto  is  damp  and  foggy  in 
winter,  but  in  summer  the  heat  during  the  day  is  op- 
pressive, although  a  cold  wind  prevails  on  the  rirer,  and  a 
chilling  fog  comes  up  the  Douro  every  evening. 

Oporto  was  capital  of  Portugal  till  1174,  when  the  seat 
of  government  was  transferred  to  Lisbon.  In  1805  it  irtM 
taken  by  the  French,  who  retained  possession  of  it  till  1809, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  British.     Pop.  in  1878,  105,838. 

Opos'sum  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Conewai:o  Creek,  in 
Adiiuis  CO.,  Pa. 


OPO 


2068 


ORA 


Opotchka,  or  Opotschka^  o-potch'ki,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  79  miles  S.  of  Pskov,  on  an  island 
formed  by  the  Velikaia.     Pop.  3617. 

OpotchnOy  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Opo€SNO. 

Opotschna,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Opoczro. 

Oppa,  op'pi,  a  river  forming  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Prussian  and  Austrian  Silesia,  joins  the  Oder  8  miles 
6.W.  of  Oderberg,  after  an  E.S.E.  course  of  60  miles. 

Oppeln,  op'p^ln,  a  government  of  Prussia,  forming 
nearly  the  whole  of  Upper  Silesia.  Area,  5184  square 
miles.     Pop.  1,376,362. 

Oppein  (Slav.  Oppolie,  op-pol'yi),  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  51  miles  S.E.  of  Breslau  by  railroad. 
It  has  a  strong  castle  on  an  island  formed  by  the  river,  an 
old  Gothic  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  a  synagogue, 
royal  salt-magazine,  society  of  public  good,  a  gymnasium, 
numerous  schools,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  ribbons, 
linen,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  12,498. 

Op'pelo,  a  post-office  of  Conway  oo..  Ark. 

Oppenan,  op'p^h-nSw^  a  town  of  Baden,  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1930. 

Oppenheim,  op'p^n-hime^  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Hesse,  province  of  Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Rhine,  11  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Mentz.  Pop.  3228.  It  was  formerly  an  imperial 
free  town,  and  has  several  fine  churches,  a  synagogue,  a 
hospital,  and  the  ancient  castle  of  Landskron. 

Op'penheim,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oppenheim  township, 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  has  4  churches,  several  cheese-fac- 
tories, saw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1851. 

Oppido,  op'pe-do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Palmi.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishopric,  and  has  a 
cathedral  and  8  other  churches.     Pop.  3892. 

Oppido  (ano.  Opi'num),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3710. 

Oppidolo,  op-pee'do-lo,  the  capital  town  of  Pantellaria, 
an  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  at  its  N.W.  point,  with  a 
good  port  and  some  trade. 

Oppidnm  Batavornm.    See  Batenboro. 

Oppolie,  the  Slavic  name  of  Oppeln. 

Op^posi'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  5f.TV.  of  Powhatan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oppotschna,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Opoczno. 

Opprebais,  op^pr^h-b^',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Great  Geete,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels. 

OpslOy  op'slo,  an  old  town  of  Norway,  now  forming  an 
eastern  suburb  of  Christiania. 

O'puSy  an  ancient  town  of  Greece,  which  stood  near  the 
channel  of  Talanta,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Thermopylae. 

Opwyck,  or  Opwijk,  op'wik,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Brabant,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop,  3936. 

Oquago,  New  York.    See  Coqoaoo. 

Oquawka,  o-kwaw'ka,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Hen- 
derson CO.,  111.,  in  Oquawka  township,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  a  railroad,  about  15  miles  above  Burlington, 
Iowa,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  5  churches, 
1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  whisky. 

Oqnirrh  (o'kw^r)  Mountains,  Utah,  a  range  which 
extends  southward  from  the  S.  end  of  Great  Salt  Lake  and 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Tooele  and  Utah. 
These  mountains  are  partly  composed  of  quartzites  and  car- 
boniferous limestones,  in  which  latter  are  located  some  of 
the  richest  silver-mines  of  Utah. 

Or,  OR,  a  river  of  Asia,  rises  in  Russian  Toorkistan, 
near  lat.  49°  30'  N.,  Ion.  59°  E.,  flows  N.,  and,  after  a  course 
of  160  miles,  joins  the  Ural  near  Orsk. 

O'ra,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  4  miles  E.  of  Ava. 

Ora,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Neb. 

O^radel',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.,  on  Hack- 
ensack  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  <k  New  York  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Oradour  Saint- Genest,  o^rlMooR'  s&N»-zh§h^ni',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  8  miles  N.  of  Bellac. 

Oradoar-snr-Glane,  oV&MooR'-siiR-gl&n,  a  village 
of  France,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Rocheohouart.     Pop.  1874. 

Oradour-sur-Yayres,  oVIMoor'-sUr- vain,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  6  miles  S.  of  Rochechouart. 
It  has  a  glove-faotory.     Pop.  of  commune,  3477. 

Oragawa,  o-r&-g&'w&,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  a  bay  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  about  25  miles  S.S.E. 
Df  Tokio.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Oragense,  o^ri^zhuz'  (i.e.,  "stormy"),  an  island  of  the 
Pacific,  near  New  Ireland. 

Orai,  o^ri',  a  town  of  India,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Jaloun. 
^OD.  6461. 


Oraison,  oVi'z6N»'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- A Ipes,. 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1955. 

Oraison,  or  Anthony  Haan,  k|n,  an  island  of  the 
South  Pacific,  off  the  E.  coast  of  New  Ireland. 

Orakh,  o^ris',  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Jalomnitza, 
7  miles  W.  of  its  junction  with  the  Danube,  opposit*^ 
Hirschova. 

Oralabor,  Polk  co.,  Iowa.    See  Trent. 

O'ral  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Or'amer,  a  post-village  in  Caneadea  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Genesee 
Valley  Canal,  about  64  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  foundry,  Jkc.     Pop.  289. 

Oran,  oV4n',  a  fortified  town  of  Algeria,  capital  of  its 
W.  province,  266  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Algiers,  on  the 
Mediterranean.  Lat.  35°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  41'  W.  It  is  sit- 
uated at  the  foot  of  a  hill  called  St.  Croix,  at  the  month  of  a 
small  stream,  in  a  climate  extremely  hot  but  healthy.  Its 
harbor  is  very  bad,  but  the  port  of  Mers-el-K6bir,  3  miles 
distant,  is  the  best  in  Algeria,  and  admits  large  vessels. 
Oran  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  in  1509,  ruined  by  an 
earthquake  in  1790,  and  abandoned  in  1792.  Under  the 
Spaniards  it  was  greatly  embellished  and  surrounded  bi 
strong  fortifications.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1830, 
and  occupied  by  them  in  1831.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop. 
in  1881,  58,530  ;  in  1891,  67,681. 

Oran,  the  westernmost  department  of  Algeria.  Ar€f 
of  civil  territory,  69,384  square  miles,  in  addition  to  which 
there  is  a  military  province  of  Oran,  four  times  as  extensive 
as  the  department  proper.  The  department  is  a  productive 
region,  with  great  mineral  wealth.  Capital,  Oran.  Pop.  in 
1877,  416,466;  of  military  districts,  2.S6,716;  in  1891,  civil 
department,  817.460 ;  military,  124,616;  total,  942,066. 

Orange,  or'inj,  Gareep,  or  Gariep,  g&r-eep',  a 
river  of  Cape  Colony,  rises  in  the  mountain-chain  bound- 
ing on  the  W.  the  colony  of  Natal,  flows  W.,  and  enters  the 
Atlantic  near  lat.  28°  38'  S.,  Ion.  16°  28'  B.  It  forms  for 
many  miles  the  8.  boundary  of  the  Orange  Free  State.  Its 
banks  abound  with  ebony,  mimosa,  and  willow  trees,  and 
around  it  rich  copper  ores  exist ;  but  much  of  the  country 
near  it  is  an  irreclaimable  desert.     Chief  affluent,  the  Vaal. 

Orange,  or'inj  (Fr.  pron.  oVftNzh' ;  anc.  Arau'sio),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  on  the  Aigues,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Avignon.  The  streets  are  narrow, 
crooked,  and  ill  paved ;  bat  it  has  some  fountains,  several 
churches  (one  Protestant),  a  communal  college,  and  a  hospi- 
tal, with  manufactures  of  leather,  mosaics,  colored  linens, 
serge,  and  silk  twist.  Its  chief  glory,  however,  is  its  Roman 
antiquities,  the  principal  being  a  splendid  triumphal  arch, 
about  64  feet  in  length,  breadth,  and  height,  having  three 
arched  passages,  the  central  and  largest  of  which  is  28<^  feet 
high,  the  whole  flanked  by  fluted  Corinthian  columns  and 
profusely  ornamented  with  sculptured  groups,  &o.  There 
are  remains  also  of  a  theatre  and  other  Roman  buildings. 
Orange  was  long  the  capital  of  a  principality,  which  gave- 
title  to  the  family  now  on  the  throne  of  the  Netherlands. 
The  King  of  the  Netherlands  still  retains  the  title  of  Prinot 
of  Orange ;  but  the  town  and  territory  were  ceded  to  Louis 
XIV.  in  1713.     Pop.  6782;  of  commune,  10,212. 

Orange,  a  district  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  which  origi- 
nally formed  part  of  Gallia  Narbonenaig,  but  is  now  included 
in  the  department  of  Vaucluse.     Its  capital  was  Orange. 

Or'ange,  a  county  of  California,  in  a  famous  fruit- 
growing region,  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  state,  is 
bounded  N.W.  by  Los  Angeles  co.,  N.E.  and  E.  by  San 
Bernardino  and  San  Diego  cos.,  and  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean.  Area,  740  sq.  miles.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  and  Southern  California 
Railways.  .Capital,  Santa  Ana.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,589. 

Orange,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
peninsula.  Area,  1566  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  St.  John's  River,  and  has  numerous  lakes  and 
extensive  forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy 
and  produces  pasture  for  cattle,  which  are  among  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  The  orange,  lemon,  and  sugar-cane 
flourish  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern 
Florida  Railroad,  the  East  Florida  &  Atlantic  Railroad, 
and  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad.  Capital, 
Orlando.  Pop.  in  1870,2196;  in  1880,  6618;  in  1890, 12,584. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Patoka  Creek, 
which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Lost  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating  and  partly  hilly.  A  large  portion  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Carboniferous  limestone- 
underlies  the  soil.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 


ORA 


2069 


UKA 


ville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Paoli,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,497;  in  1880,  14,363; 
in  1890,  14,678. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
ders on  New  Jersey.  Area,  about  791  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Delaware  River.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wallkill 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Shawangunk  and  Ramapo 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  picturesque  scenery.  This  county  com- 
prises a  large  part  of  the  highlands  of  the  Hudson.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  dairy-farming.  Hay,  butter, 
milk,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  annually  sends  to  market  millions  of  gallons 
of  milk.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  granite,  syenite, 
gneiss,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  The  Military  Academy  of 
West  Point  is  situated  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  main  lines  or  branches  of  several  important  rail- 
roads, including  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  A  Western,  the 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western,  the  Pennsylvania,  the  New 
York  A  New  England,  the  West  Shore,  Ac.  Capitals, 
Goshen  and  Newburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  80,902;  in  1880, 
88,220;  in  1890,  97,859. 

Orange,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  is  near  the  middle 
of  the  state.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Neuse  and  Flat  Rivers  and  New  Hope  Creek.  The 
Haw  River  touches  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone,  novaciilite, 
and  primary  or  granitic  rocks  are  found  in  different  parts 
of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  which  connects  with  Hillsborough,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870,  17,507 ;  in  1880,  23,698 ;  in  1890, 14,948. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  on  the  S.  by  Sabine  Lake, 
and  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Neches  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests.  Cattle  and  luaize  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Orange,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1255;  in  1880,  2938;  in  1890,  4770. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Vermont,  has  an 
area  of  about  659  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  is  drained  by  several  branches 
of  AVhite  River  and  by  Wait's  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  elm,  beech,  and  other  trees 
abound.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage  and 
dairy-farming.  Hay,  butter,  wool,  oats,  maple  sugar,  In- 
dian corn,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
and  serpentine  are  found  in  this  county,  which  has  mines 
of  copper  and  beds  of  roofing-slate.  The  value  of  the  copper 
annually  exported  from  it  has  equalled  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  The  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad  passes 
through  the  E.  part  of  this  county,  and  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad  through  the  W.  part.  Capital,  Chelsea.  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,090;  in  1880,  23,525;  in  1890,  19,575. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  North 
Anna  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Lime- 
stone underlies  a  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Potomac, 
Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Railroad.  Capital,  Orange. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,396;  in  1880,  13,052;  in  1890,  12,814. 

Orange,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Cal.,  near  the 
Santa  Ana  River,  in  a  fertile  valley.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  866. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  oo.,  Conn., 

borders  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W, 

by  the  Housatonic  River.     Orange  Post-OflSce  is  about  (J 

miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven.     The  township  contains  a 

L      village  named  West  Haven.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  4537. 

■r  Orange,  a  post-oflfice  of  Liberty  oo.,  Fla. 

Orange,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Clark  oo.,  111.,  about  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1169. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Knox  oo.,  HI.     Pop.  857. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  oo.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  Pop.  751.  It  contains  Fayette- 
vilfe,  where  is  Orange  Post-Office. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1943. 


Orange,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1273. 

Orange,  township.  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  784. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River.  Pop.  931.  Or&ng* 
Post-Office  is  8  miles  S.W.  of  De  Witt. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Guthrie  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  278. 

Orange,  a  post-village  in  Orange  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River,  and  on  the  Vermont  A  Mana 
chusetts  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  19  mile« 
E.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
several  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  sewing-machines,  furniture,  machinery,  water- 
wheels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  3169 ;  in  1890,  4568. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Ionia  oo.,  Mich.,  about  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing.  Pop.  1341.  Orange  Po?t-Offic« 
is  6  miles  S.  of  Ionia. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  64. 

Orange,  the  southeastemmost  township  of  Douglas  oo., 
Minn.     Pop.  210.     It  contains  several  small  lakes. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  16  milet 
S.W.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of 
lumber.     Pop.  340. 

Orange,  a  city  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  A  Es- 
sex Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  New  York  City,  and  3  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  wide,  macadamized,  and  well- 
shaded  streets.  It  contains  16  churches,  a  high  school  and 
23  other  public  and  select  schools,  a  music  hall,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  2  hotels,  numerous  elegant  residences, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Many  citizens  of  New  York  have  expensive  villas  here. 
On  the  slope  of  Orange  Mountain  is  Llewellyn  Park,  held  in 
common,  under  certain  restrictions,  by  its  residents.  Horse- 
cars  run  between  NeWark  and  this  city,  and  connect  it  with 
New  York  by  2  additional  lines  of  railroad.  Orange  has 
manufactures  of  hats,  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,844. 

Orange,  Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Orangetown. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1942.     It  contains  Monterey,  where  is  Orange  Post-Offioe. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1486.  It 
contains  Nankin,  which  is  sometimes  called  Orange. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  1207. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     Pop.  812. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  1268. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  1167. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.     Pop.  951. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  906. 

Orange,  a  post- village  in  Franklin  township,  Luzem* 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Wilkesbarre.    It  has  a  ohnroh. 

Orange,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Sabine  River,  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on 
the  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Gal- 
veston.    It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Orange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  City  A  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  W.  of  Fredericksburg,  and  85  miles  S.W.  of 
Washington,  D.C.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  571. 

Orange,  a  post-village  in  Orange  township,  Juneau 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
67  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church. 

Orange  Bay,  in  Terra  del  Fuego,  E.  side,  lat.  5b°  31' 
S.,  is  one  of  the  few  excellent  harbors  on  this  coast,  and, 
while  large  enough  to  contain  a  squadron  of  line-of-battle 
ships,  is  not  more  commodious  than  safe. 

Orange  Blnff,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Orange  oo., 
Fla.,  on  St.  John's  River,  140  miles  above  Jacksonville. 

Or'angeburg,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  1400  square  miles.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Congaree  River,  on  the  E.  by  the 
Santee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  South  Edisto.  It  is 
also  intersected  by  the  North  Edisto  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  com,  rice,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products  of  this 
county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  South  Carolina  Rail- 
road, the  South  Bound  Railroad,  and  the  Charleston, 
Sumter  A  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Orangeburg  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,866;  in  1880,  41,395;  in  ISDO, 
49,393. 

Orangeburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
6  mile:*  S.E.  of  Maysville. 

Orangeburg,  a  station  in  Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  26  milea  N.  of  Jersey 

Orangeburg  Court- House,  a  post-village,  «M>'*^ 
of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C,  in  Orange  township,  on  the  North 


ORA 


2070 


ORB 


Edisto  River  and  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  61  miles  S. 
of  Columbia,  and  79  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2 
newspaper  oflSces,  5  churches,  a  rice-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grist-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  2140;  in  1890,  2961,  This 
place  is  the  seat  of  the  Claflin  University  and  of  South 
Carolina  Agricultural  College,  which  was  organised  in  1869 
and  accommodates  about  225  students  (colored). 

Orange  City,  a  post-village  of  Volnsia  co.,  Fla.,  2i 
miles  from  Blue  Spring  Steamboat  Landing,  and  about  60 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  the  culture  of  oranges,  pine-apples,  and  other 
tropical  fruits.     Cotton  is  grown  here.     Pop.  about  800. 

Orange  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa, 
Zi  miles  from  the  Sioiix  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and 
about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City.  Jt  has  2  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill, 
a  tow-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  &c.  Pop.  in  1880, 
320;  in  1S90,  1246. 

Orange  City,  a  post-office  of  La  Fourche  parish,  La. 

Orange  Court-House,  Florida.    See  Orakoe. 

Orange  Dale,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla. 

Orange  Fac'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C., 
10  miles  N.  of  Durham.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Orange  Farm,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  is  4  miles  from 
Goshen.  The  county  almshouse  and  the  Orange  County  In- 
sane Asylum  are  located  here,  on  a  farm  of  266  acres. 

Orange  Free  State,  a  republic  of  South  Africa,  sur- 
rounded by  the  British  territories  of  Cape  Colony  and  Natal, 
having  on  the  N.  the  river  Vaal  (which  separates  it  from  the 
Transvaal  district),  but  bounded  S.  (in  part)  by  the  river 
Orange.  On  the  N.E.  the  crest  of  the  Quatblamba  divides 
it  from  Natal.  Area,  50,460  square  mrlos.  It  is  in  general 
better  watered  and  more  fruitful  than  the  Cape  region,  and, 
while  its  highlands  have  a  cool  and  temperate  climate,  some 
portions  are  suited  to  the  culture  of  cotton,  sugar,  rice,  and 
cofTee.  Fruits,  maize,  Kafi°recom  and  cattle,  ostrich  feathers, 
wool,  and  hides  are  leading  products.  The  mineral  wealth 
of  the  country  is  very  great.  Diamonds  are  often  found. 
Gold,  coal,  iron,  copper,  and  tin  are  abundant.  The  people 
are  partly  of  native  origin,  but  the  dominant  race  are 
Boers,  of  Dutch  descent  and  language.  In  1854  the  country 
became  independent.     Capital,  Bloemfontein.    Pop.  of  the 

state  in  1890,  :  "  

129,787  natives, 


Uap 
3,  of 


state  in  1890,  207,603,  of  whom  77,716  were  white,  and 


Orange  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  oo..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  33  miles  S.W.  of 
Mobile.     It  has  a  church  and  groves  of  orange  trees. 

Orange  Heights,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  Fla. 

Orange  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Fla. 

Orange  Lake,  Florida,  is  partly  in  Marion  oo.,  and 
touches  the  S.  part  of  Alachua  oo.     Length,  about  14  miles. 

Orange  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Orange  Lake,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gainesville. 

Orange  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  St.  John's  River,  about  62  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Orange  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  Fla.,  on  St. 
John's  River,  16  miles  above  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Or'angeport,  a  post-village  in  Royalton  township, 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lookport.    It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

Orange  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla., 
is  on  the  line  of  Putnam  oo.,  near  Orange  Lake,  about  26 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Palatka.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orange  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township, 
Delaware  oo.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Delaware 
with  Columbus,  14  miles  N.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Or'angetown,  a  township  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
7208.     It  contains  Nyaok,  Piermont,  Tappantown,  Ac 

Orange  Valley,  a  former  post-village  of  Essex  co., 
N.J.,  is  now  in  the  3d  ward  of  the  city  of  Orange.  Here 
is  a  post-office,  named  Orange  Valley. 

Or'angeviUe,  a  post-village  in  Oneco  township,  Ste- 
phenson CO.,  111.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Freeport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  347. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orangeville  township. 
Orange  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lost  Creek,  about  62  miles  N.W.  of 
New  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  904.  Lost  Creek  here  returns  to  the  surface 
after  flowing  some  miles  under  ground. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Orangeville,  a  township  of  Barry  oo.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1051.     It  contains  Orangeville  Mills. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Coldwater  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Union  City.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 


Orangeville,  a  post-township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  1106.  It  contains  a  village  named  Johnsonburg,  and 
several  cheese-factories.  Orangeville  Post-Office  is  about  4 
miles  W.  of  Warsaw. 

Orangeville,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  Pymatuning  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
A  Great  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Warren,  and 
9  miles  N.  of  Sharon,  Pa.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese,  flour,  Ac.     Ooal  is  found  here.     Pop.  260. 

Orangeville,  a  post- village  in  Orange  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek-,  at  the  base  of  Knob  Moun- 
tain, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Bonham.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  mill. 

Or'angeville,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  oo 
a  branch  of  the  river  Credit,  and  on  a  railroad,  49  miles 
N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  several  flour-mills  and  woollen -factories,  2  foundries, 
2  saw-mills,  steam  planing-mills,  a  tannery,  2  brick-fields, 
a  cabinet-factory,  4  large  grain-warehouses,  several  churches, 
commodious  hotels,  and  about  30  stores.  A  large  quantity 
of  grain  is  shijiped  from  this  place,  also  cordwood  and  tim- 
ber.    A  cattle-fair  is  held  monthly.     Pop.  1458. 

Orangeville  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Orangeville  town- 
ship, Barry  co.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kala- 
mazoo. It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Orange,  o-r&n'go,  the  largest  and  southernmost  of  the 
Bissagos  Islands  of  West  Africa.  Lat.  11°  10'  N.;  Ion.  16" 
W.     Length,  26  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Orani,  o-r&'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  40 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2268. 

Oranido,  o-r&-nee'do,  a  valley  in  the  N.  of  Montene- 
gro, near  the  frontiers  of  Herzegovina. 

Oranienbauin,  o-r&'nc-9n-bdwm\  a  town  of  Germany^ 
duchy  of  Anhait,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dessau.  It  has  a  hand- 
some palace,  with  parks  and  orange-groves.     Pop.  2138. 

Oranienbaum,  o-r&'ne-^n-bfiwm^  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  19  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on 
the  Gulf  and  near  the  town  of  Cronstadt.  Pop.  4043.  It 
has  a  large  imperial  palace  and  a  marine  hospital. 

Oranienburg,  o-r&'ne-^n-bSdRO^  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the 
Havel.     It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  vitriol,  Ac.     P.  4398. 

Oranienburg,  o-r&'ne-9n-bd5RQ\  or  Ranieubnrg, 
r&'ne-^n-b55Ro\  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  90 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  4694. 

Ornnmore,  oVan-mSr',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  & 
miles  E.  of  Galway,  on  Oranmore  Bay.     Pop.  553. 

Oransay  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides.  See  Oronsat. 

Oratorium,  the  ancient  name  of  Le  Dorat. 

Ora  Tube,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Ooratepb. 

Orava,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Rahova. 

Oravicza,  o-r&-vit's&  (Hun.  Nemet-Oravicza,  nd^mit'- 
oVfihH'eet'sSh*),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Krasso,  53 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Temesvar.  In  its  vicinity  are  silver-,  iron-, 
and  copper-mines.     Pop.  2296. 

Orb,  ORb  (anc.  ObrttT)  a  river  of  France,  rises  near 
Ceilhes,  on  the  boundary  of  the  department  of  Aveyron, 
flows  S.  past  B6ziers,  and  7  miles  below  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean, after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Orb,  orb  or  ORp,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Orb,  42 
miles  N.W.  of  WUrzburg.  Pop.  3638.  It  has  mineral 
springs,  salt-mines,  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  paper. 

Or'bansay  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  £. 
of  the  N.  peninsula  of  Barra. 

Orbassano,  oR-b9,s-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2789. 

Orbe,  ORb  or  OR'b^h  (anc.  Urbigenum .'),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Orbe,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Yverdun.     Pop.  1843. 

Orbec,  OR^bfik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the 
Orbec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lisieux.  Pop.  2516.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  mousselines-de-laine,  fine  cashmeres,  tapes,  and 
cotton  umbrellas. 

Orbetello,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Orbitello. 

Orbey,  oR^bi',  or  Urbeis,  SSR'bis,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, 14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colmar.  It  has  active  manu- 
factures of  printed  cotton  and  muslin  goods,  fine  earthen- 
ware, and  glass.     Pop.  4728. 

Orbigo,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Orvigo. 

Orbiso'nia,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Huntingdon  A  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.  of  Mount  Union,  and  40  miles  W.  of  Carlisle.  It  ha» 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  superior  hotel,  and  2  iron- 
furnaces,  owned  by  tne  Rock  Hill  Iron  A  Coal  Company, 


ORB  2071 


ORE 


who  do  a  large  business  in  mining  iron  ore.    The  name  of 
the  station  is  Rockhill.     Pop.  in  1890,  963. 

Or'biston,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Hooking  oo.,  0., 
in  Ward  township.     It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Orbitello,  oR-be-t4l'lo,  or  Orbetello,  oR-bi-tfil'lo,  a 
fortified  town  of  Italy,  near  the  Lake  of  Orbitello,  49  miles 
S.E.  of  Pioinbino.  Pop.  6461.  It  has  a  commodious  port 
for  small  vessels,  defended  by  several  batteries.  The  Lake 
of  Orbitello,  about  5  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in  width, 
communicates  S.W.  by  an  outlet  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Orca,  oR'ki,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  flows  E.S.E. 
from  the  Alps  to  the  Po,  which  it  joins  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Turin.     Total  course,  50  miles. 

Orcades,  the  Latin  name  of  the  Orknet  Islands. 

Or'cas  Island,  a  post-ofiBce  of  San  Juan  oo.,  Wash., 
on  a  large  island  of  the  same  name,  just  N.E.  of  San  Juan. 
Pop.  of  island,  108. 

Orce,  OR'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  80  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Granada,  near  the  source  of  the  Orce,  an  affluent 
of  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2040. 

Orcha,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Orsha. 

Or'chard,  a  post- village  in  Lincoln  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  12i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Charles  City. 

Orchard)  a  post-hamlet  of  Antelope  co..  Neb.,  23  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  O'Neill. 

Orchard  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Crown  Point. 

Orchard  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spalding  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  49  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Orchard  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich. 

Orchard  Mine,  a  village  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in  Hollis 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  SJ  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Or'chardville,  or  Nor'mandy,  a  post-village  in 
Grey  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  150. 

Orchies,  oR^shee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  edge- 
tools,  leather,  tiles,  sugar,  Ac.     Pop.  3318. 

Orchilla,  oR-cheel'yi,  Urchilla,  ooR-oheel'y4,  or 
Orchila,  oR-chee'lfl.,  a  small  island  of  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
belonging  to  Venezuela,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Tortuga.  Lat. 
11°  50'  N.;  Ion.  66°  14'  W.  Length,  8  milesj  surface  low; 
soil  arid.     Chief  product,  guano. 

Orchomenns,  or-kom'e-niis,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece, 
in  Boeotia.  Its  remains  are  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  To- 
polias,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Livadia. 

Orcinovi,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Orzi-Novi. 

Oreo,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Orca. 

Or'cutt  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Chemung  Station,  N.Y.,  and  about  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Elmira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Or'cuttville,  a  hamlet  in  Stafford  township,  Tolland 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  22i  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Willimantio.  It  has  a  woollen-factory  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Ord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Valley  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
North  Loup  River,  about  68  miles  N.  of  Kearney.  It  haa 
a  newspaper  office. 

Or'derville,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  about 
40  miles  E.  of  Toquerville.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  leather,  Ao. 

Ord-of-Caith'nes8,  a  hill  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Soot- 
land,  between  Caithness  and  Sutherland,  1200  feet  high. 

Ordu,  orMoo',  a  town  and  port  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Black  Sea,  35  miles  W.  of  Kerasoon. 

Ordubad,  or-doo-b&d',  or  Oodabad,  oo-d&-b&d',  a 
town  of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  government  of  Erivan,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Nakhchivan.     Pop.  4321. 

Ordufia,  OR-doon'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Alava,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Vitoria,  in  a  fine  mountain-valley, 
on  the  Nervion.  P.  2029.  It  is  enclosed  by  Moorish  walls, 
and  has  a  hospital,  a  custom-house,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

O^rean'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oreana,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Nov.,  near  the 
Humboldt  River,  and  2  miles  from  Oreana  Station,  which 
is  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  108  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 
It  has  2  hotels  and  2  stores.  Gold,  silver,  and  antimony 
are  mined  here. 

O^reap'olis,  a  station  on  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
its  Omaha  Branch,  4  miles  W.  of  Plattsmouth,  Neb. 

Orearville,  o-reer'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo., 
in  Clay  township,  20  miles  from  Miami,  which  is  on  the 
Missouri  Rivtr. 


Ore  Bank,  a  station  on  the  Sligo  Branch  of  the  A11«« 
ghany  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Sligo,  Pa. 

Ore  Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buokingham  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Parmville.     Here  are  quarries  of  roofing-slate. 

Orebro,  or  CBrebro,  8'r4-broo\  a  laen  or  province  of 
Sweden,  mostly  between  lat.  69°  and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  14" 
and  16°  E.  Area,  3502  square  miles.  Pop,  181,236.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Orebro,  Nora,  Linde,  and  Askersund. 

Orebro,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  laen  of  the 
same  name,  situated  at  the  W.  extremity  of  L^e  Hjelmar, 
on  a  railway,  104  miles  W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  10,496.  It 
has  an  ancient  castle,  a  church,  a  town  hall,  a  house  of 
assembly,  a  hospital,  manufactures  of  woollens,  wax  cloths, 
stockings,  vitriol,  and  snuff,  and  an  active  trade  with  Stock- 
holm. 

Orechow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Orekhot. 

Ore  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  the  Shiawatwee  River 
in  Genesee  co. 

Oreehina,  Hawaii.    See  Lehua  Island. 

Oree'no,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Ditteah. 

Orefield,  Sr'feeld,  a  post-village  in  North  Whitehall 
township,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ironton  Branch  Railroad, 
2  miles  from  Guth's  Station,  and  about  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Allentown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.  Iron 
ore  is  mined  here. 

Oregon,  or'e-g9n,  one  of  the  Pacific  states  of  the  Amer- 
ican Union,  bounded  N.  by  Washington,  E.  by  Idaho,  S.  by 
Nevada  and  California,  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
northern  border  is  washed  by  the  Columbia  River,  except  to 
the  eastward  of  the  point  where  that  stream  first  reaches 
lat.  46°  N.,  which  parallel  completes  the  northern  limit  of 
the  state  ,*  on  the  E.  the  Snake  River  forms  a  portion  of  the 
boundary,  while  the  southern  limit  is  lat.  42°  N.  Area, 
96,030  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Advancing  eastward  from  the  bold 
cliffs  of  the  coast,  we  cross  a  hilly  plateau,  densely  timbered, 
except  in  the  S.,  where  the  "  bald  hills"  arise  in  an  open 
prairie-like  region  with  groves  of  timber.  This  plateau  it 
bounded  eastward  by  the  evergreen  Coast  and  Umpqus 
Ranges.  Between  these  ranges  on  the  W.  and  the  great 
Cascade  Range  on  the  E.  lie  the  fertile  Willamette  River 
valley  and  the  upper  basins  of  the  Umpqua  and  Rogue 
Rivers, — the  three  river-basins  being  separated  by  the  trans- 
verse Calapooya  and  Rogue  River  Mountains.  The  W.  flank 
of  this  range  is  a  densely-timbered  and  greatly-broken  re- 
gion, of  which  only  the  valleys  are  arable.  These  moun- 
tains present  many  cones  of  but  recently  extinct  volcanoes. 
E.  of  the  Ccascade  Range  the  country,  embracing  two-thirds 
of  the  state,  is  open,  dry,  and  admirably  adapted  to  pas- 
toral pursuits.  It  is  a  rolling  country,  in  some  parts  trav- 
ersed by  deep  canons,  and  elsewhere  by  mountain-ranges 
and  ridges  of  volcanic  rock.  In  the  N.E.  is  the  beautiful 
Grande  Ronde,  a  valley  with  275,000  acres  of  fertile  land, 
surrounded  by  well-timbered  mountains.  This  is  the  north- 
ernmost of  a  series  of  similar  valleys  enclosed  by  the  Blue 
Mountains  and  their  eastern  spurs.  There  are  also  great 
sage-plains,  and  large  marshes  occur  in  the  Klamath  Valley 
and  elsewhere. 

The  Coast-Line  extends  more  than  300  miles  N.  and  S., 
on  which  are  Tillamook,  False  Tillamook,  Yaquina,  and 
Coos  Bays,  besides  which  the  mouths  of  the  Columbia,  Ump- 
qua, Coquille,  and  Rogue  Rivers  afford  harbor  privileges. 

Rivera. — The  principal  rivers  are  the  Columbia,  whiob 
borders  the  state  for  300  miles  and  affords  extensive  steam 
navigation,  and  its  tributaries,  direct  and  indirect,  vi».,  the 
Willamette,  up  which  ships  can  sail  18  miles,  and  small 
steamboats  126  miles;  the  Calapooya,  Santiam,  Clackamae, 
Yamhill,  Tualatin,  Ac,  all  west  of  the  Cascade  Range,  afford- 
ing some  steam  navigation;  and  E.  of  the  Cascade  Range 
the  Des  Chutes,  John  Day's,  Umatilla,  Walla  Walla,  and 
Snake,  the  latter  receiving  the  Grande  Ronde,  Powder, 
Burnt,  Malheur,  and  Owyhee.  A  considerable  area  in  this 
state  sends  no  water  to  the  sea,  since  it  lies  in  what  is  called 
the  Great  Fremont  Basin.  Here  are  Malheur,  Harney, 
Christmas,  Abert,  and  Summer  Lakes,  and  westward  are 
several  lakes  which  lie  in  the  Upper  Klamath  Valley. 

Geology. — The  Cascade  Range,  geographically  continuous 
with  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California,  is  almost  everywhere 
overlaid  with  volcanic  rooks.  Upon  this  range  there  are 
three  or  more  existing  glaciers.  The  other  mountains  are 
mainly  eozoic;  but  in  the  valleys  of  the  Snake  and  Owyhee 
the  formation  is  again  largely  volcanic.  The  other  great 
valleys  are  chiefly  of  tertiary  and  quaternary  age ;  but  there 
are  well-characterized  cretaoeoos  areas,  mainly  in  the  Des 
Chutes,  John  Day's,  and  Rogue  River  Valleys.  The  ridge 
between  Coos  Bay  and  Coquille  River  contains  important 


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2oal-seams,  commonly  referred  to  a  miocene  tertiary  age, 
but  perhaps  cretaceous.  This  same  ooal  is  found  at  many 
other  points  in  the  state.  Gk)ld  is  found  both  E.  and  W.  of 
the  Cascade  Hange,  but  principally  in  the  valleys  of  John 
Day's,  Powder,  and  Burnt  Rivers,  occurring  in  quartz  and 
placer  deposits,  and  silver  has  been  discovered  in  quartz 
and  in  galena  at  many  points.  Ores  of  copper  and  iron  are 
very  abundant,  and  have  a  wide  range.  Potter's  clay,  glass- 
sand,  granite,  marble,  sandstone,  slate,  steatite,  and  other 
mineral  substances  of  economic  value  are  plentiful.  Oregon 
produced  in  1867  some  $22,000,000  in  bullion,  but  in  no 
other  year  has  she  afforded  one-sixth  of  that  amount.  In 
1876  she  produced  $1,165,046;  in  1890,  $987,691. 

GhjecU  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — The  scenery  on  the  Lower 
Columbia  is  everywhere  of  a  grand,  though  gloomy,  char- 
acter. The  Dalles  and  the  Cascades,  the  Falls  of  the  Wil- 
lamette and  of  Silver  Creek,  the  great  crumbling  cone  of 
Mount  Hood,  the  mountain  olififs  and  gorges,  the  oaSons 
and  the  snow-clad  peaks,  the  numerous  limpid  lakes  and 
thermal  salt  and  mineral  springs,  broken  lava-deserts  and 
beautiful  pastoral  valleys,  are  among  the  infinite  variety  of 
interesting  objects  to  be  found  in  this  the  least  familiarly 
known  of  the  states. 

Climate. — The  reputation  of  Oregon  has  suffered  unjustly, 
and  she  is  often  spoken  of  as  a  land  of  incessant  rains ;  but 
scientific  observation  shows  that  the  rainfall,  though  pro- 
longed in  winter,  is  not  excessive.  In  short,  the  climate  of 
Western  Oregon  is  much  like  that  of  England,  but  milder 
in  winter,  except  in  elevated  places.  But  E.  of  the  Cascade 
Mountains  there  is  never  an  excess  of  rain,  and  the  climate 
is  almost  always  pleasant.  Oregon  generally  has  remark- 
ably cool  summers  and  mild  winters.  Stock  seldom  needs 
winter  foddering  or  careful  shelter,  although  the  last  is  do- 
lirable  in  the  rainy  season. 

The  Natural  Productions,  animal  and  vegetable,  differ 
widely,  from  those  of  the  Atlantic  states ;  but  the  grizzly  and 
the  black  bear,  the  deer,  the  prong-horn,  big-horn.  Rooky 
Mountain  goat,  coyote,  panther,  &o.,  represent  species 
found  widely  dispersed  on  this  continent.  Salmon  and 
trout  are  common  in  the  streams,  and  the  annual  catch  of 
the  former  is  large  and  lucrative,  especially  on  the  Colum- 
bia River.  Other  fishes  of  economic  importance  are  several 
herrings  and  smelts,  the  halibut,  and  the  cod  (incorrectly 
so  called).  There  is  much  and  widely  varied  furred  and 
feathered  game. 

The  principal  mountain-ranges  and  nearly  all  the  west- 
ern valleys  and  plateaus  are  densely  wooded  with  giant 
trees.  Here  grow  four  or  five  true  pines,  two  cedars,  a 
cypress,  redwood,  larch,  spruce,  juniper,  yew,  five  or  more 
firs,  a  chestnut  (Castanopsis),  maple,  oak,  asli,  and  a  great 
alder,  large  enough  to  afi°ord  timber ,-  and  eastward  there  are 
willows,  poplars,  birches,  and  some  coniferous  trees.  Conif- 
erous trees  predominate,  and  give  tone  to  the  landscapes. 
The  cutting  and  sawing  of  lumber,  and  the  export  of  tim- 
ber and  spars,  afford  employment  to  much  capital,  and  the 
Douglas  spruce  affords  the  best  masts  and  spars  in  the 
world.  Among  native  fruits  are  many  (some  of  them  pecu- 
liar) currants  and  gooseberries,  blackberries,  strawberries, 
grapes,  raspberries,  barberries,  etc.  Oregon  has  already 
afforded  several  beautiful  ornamental  shrubs  and  other 
plants  for  the  florist.  The  interesting  native  sallal  berry 
( Oaultheria  Shallon)  is  dried  in  cakes  and  largely  used  as 
*ood,  being  very  palatable.  In  Eastern  Oregon  the  root 
failed  yamp  ( Garum  Qairdneri)  much  resembles  the  carrot, 
und  the  green  and  blue  quamash  {Gamassia  esculenta  and 
Milla  grandiflora)  have  edible  corms.  The  various  bunch 
grasses  and  the  white  sage  of  the  E.  afford  excellent  pas- 
turage. 

Agriculture. — Western  Oregon  is  specially  adapted  to 
wool-growing,  cattle-breeding,  and  the  growth  of  the  best 
grades  of  winter  wheat,  barley,  and  oats.  Hay  is  produced 
abundantly.  Indian  corn  does  not  thrive,  the  summers 
being  too  cool.  The  apple  crop  of  Oregon  is  already  re- 
nowned. Peaches  and  figs  grow  in  the  southwest.  Plums, 
prunes,  and  gooseberries  thrive  admirably.  The  eastern 
valleys  and  plains  are  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  to 
agriculture ;  but  many  tracts  of  excellent  wheat-land  are 
found  there.  In  the  Willamette  Valley  live-stock  of  every 
kind  attains  great  perfection.  Flax  is  cultivated  for  fibre 
and  seed,  and  does  admirably.  Hops,  tobacco,  wool,  fruit, 
wheat,  linseed,  potatoes,  barley,  and  dairy-products  are 
Bhipped  hence  with  profit,  principally  to  San  Francisco. 

Manufactures. — The  principal  works  of  this  class  are 
lumber-sawing,  the  tanning  of  leather,  the  making  of 
boots,  shoes,  harness,  and  saddlery,  the  milling  and  reduc- 
tion of  ores,  and  the  making  of  flour,  furniture,  liquors, 
wagons,  linseed   oil,   &,q.     The  woollen-manufacture    has 


also  been  inaugurated  with  no  small  promise  of  good  re- 
sults. The  large  and  constant  water-power  of  Oregon  will 
be  an  important  factor  in  its  future  commercial  history. 
The  packing  of  beef  and  pork  and  the  canning  of  salmon 
are  carried  on  with  suooeBS.  There  is  also  some  ship- 
building. 

Commerce. — The  towns  on  the  Lower  Columbia  and  Wil- 
lamette Rivers,  with  Tillamook  Bay,  Yaquina  Bay,  Coot 
Bay  (Empire  City),  and  Gardiner,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Umpqua,  are  the  principal  ports.  Empire  City,  Astoria, 
and  Portland  are  ports  of  entry.  Flour  and  wheat  are  the 
principal  foreign  exports.  Wool,  grain,  flour,  fish,  flax- 
seed, meats,  blankets,  and  coal  are  among  the  coastwise 
and  railroad  exports. 

Railroads. — In  1862  there  were  4  miles  of  railroad  in 
operation ;  in  1865,  19  miles ;  in  1870,  169  miles ;  in  1876, 
248  miles;  in  1880,  50^8  miles;  in  1885,  1181  miles;  in 
1890,  1455  miles.  The  principal  railroads  are  the  Oregon 
&  California,  extending  southward  from  Portland  and  con- 
necting at  the  state  line  with  the  Southern  Pacific;  the 
Northern  Pacific,  running  from  Portland  to  the  region  of 
Puget  Sound ;  and  the  Union  Pacific,  which  connects  with 
the  lines  of  the  Oregon  Railway. and  Navigation  Company. 

Finances. — The  state  is  practically  out  of  debt,  as  there 
are  only  $1685  in  bonds  and  warrants  outstanding.  These 
do  not  bear  interest,  and  are  payable  on  presentation.  The 
assessed  valuation  of  property  in  1890  was  $166,025,731. 

The  Counties  are  31  in  number,  viz..  Baker,  Benton, 
Clackamas,  Clatsop,  Columbia,  Coos,  Crook,  Curry,  Douglas, 
Gilliam,  Grant,  Harney,  Jackson,  Josephine,  Klamath, 
Lake,  Lane,  Linn,  Malheur,  Marion,  Morrow,  Multnomah, 
Polk,  Sherman,  Tillamook,  Umatilla,  Union,  Wallowa, 
Wajsoo,  Washington,  and  Yam  Hill.  The  principal  towns 
are  Portland,  on  the  Willamette,  Salem  (the  capital), 
Astoria  (near  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia),  Albina,  Albany, 
Oregon  City,  Baker  City,  La  Grande,  Pendleton,  Ashland, 
Corvallis,  Roseburg,  Mansfield  City,  Grant  Pass,  McMinn- 
ville.  The  Dalles,  Independence,  Jacksonville,  Heppner, 
Huntington,  Union,  Dallas,  Arlington,  and  Weston.  Most 
of  these  towns  are  but  small. 

Government,  &e. — The  governor  is  elected  for  a  term  of 
four  years  by  a  plurality.  Voters  must  have  resided  in  the 
state  the  six  months  next  previous  to  voting.  Judges  are 
elected  by  the  people  for  fixed  terms  of  service.  The  legis- 
lative assembly  consists  of  a  senate  of  30  and  a  house  of 
re])rescntatives  of  60  members.  The  state  has  two  repre- 
sentatives in  the  lower  fiouse  of  Congress,  and  casts  4  elec- 
toral votes. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  maintained  by  the 
income  of  a  permanent  fund,  and  by  the  avails  of  certain 
state  and  county  apportionments,  local  taxes,  subscriptions, 
&o.  There  are  graded  and  high  schools  in  the  principal 
towns,  and  the  number  of  private  schools  and  academies  is 
considerable.  There  are  state  normal  schools  at  Monmouth, 
Ashland,  Drain,  and  Weston.  Eugene  City  is  the  seat  of 
the  University  of  Oregon,  partly  under  state  control,  to 
which  are  joined  schools  of  law,  medicine,  and  music.  To 
Corvallis  College  (Methodist)  is  afiSliated  the  state  agri- 
cultural college  at  Corvallis.  Other  colleges  are  the  Pacific 
University,  at  Forest  Grove  (undenominational);  Christian 
College,  at  Monmouth  (Christian  Brothers) ;  McMinnville 
College  (Baptist);  Philomath  College,  at  Philomath  (United 
Brethren  in  Christ) ;  Wilbur  College,  at  Wilbur  (Methodist) ; 
Willamette  University,  Salem  (Methodist);  and  St.  Mi- 
chael's College,  Portland  (Roman  Catholic).  Public  in- 
struction is  under  the  charge  of  a  state  board  of  education, 
and  of  state  and  county  superintendents. 

History. — It  is  believed  that  the  name  Oregon  was  given 
by  the  early  Spanish  explorers  on  account  of  the  abun- 
dance they  here  found  of  the  herb  called  by  them  oregano 
(wild  thyme,  or  Origanum).  The  country  was  claimed 
by  both  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  and  was  held 
to  include  the  present  state  of  Washington  and  British 
Columbia  as  far  N.  as  64"  40'  N.  lat.  Up  to  1846  the  two 
powers  exercised  a  joint  occupation,  after  which  the  country 
was  divided,  and  the  parallel  of  49°  N.  lat.  became  the 
northern  boundary-line  of  the  domain  of  the  United  States, 
which  claimed  the  country  under  the  Louisiana  purchase. 
In  181 1  Astoria  was  founded  by  the  Pjwjific  Fur  Company. 
Most  of  the  early  settlers  were  Canadian-French  voyageurs, 
coureurs  du  hois,  and  trappers,  and  the  Scottish  traders  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  and  Northwest  Fur  Companies.  The 
permanent  settlement  by  Americans  began  in  1833.  Oregon 
was  organized  as  a  territory  in  1848,  and  in  1859  it  became 
a  state  with  its  present  limits. 

Population. — A  very  large  proportion  of  the  early  immi- 
grants were  from  Missouri.     Pop.  in  1850,  13,294;  in  1860, 


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52,465;  in  1865,  65,090;  in  1870,  90,923,  of  whom  3330 
were  Chinese.  This  was  exclusive  of  tribal  Indians,  of 
whom  in  1875  there  were  3628  on  reservations,  besides 
some  2500  who  were  not  settled.  Pop.  in  1875,  104,920, 
excluding  Chinese  and  Indians,  Pop.  in  1880,  174,768; 
in  1890,  313,767.  The  Indians  belong  to  a  number  of  small 
tribes.     The  total  Indian  population  in  1890  was  3708. 

Oregon,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Eleven  Points  River,  which  runs  in  a  south- 
easterly direction,  and  by  an  aflSuent  of  Spring  River.  A 
large  part  of  the  surface  of  this  county  is  covered  with  for- 
ests. Indian  corn  and  pork  are  staple  products.  Capital, 
Alton.    Pop.  in  1870,  3287 ;  in  1880,  5791 ;  in  1890, 10,467. 

Oregon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  about  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  South  <fc 
North  Alabama  Railroad. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1169. 

Oregon,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  Ore- 
gon township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa 
Railroad,  101  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rockford.  It  is  finely  situated  between  the 
river  and  a  bluff.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  high  school,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs, 
wagons,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1566;  of  the  township,  1951. 

Oregon,  a  post-township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1360. 
It  contains  New  Market  (Oregon  Post-Office)  and  Otisoo. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  524.  It 
contains  Grovertown. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1309.     It  contains  Ainsworth. 

Oregon,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
River,  13  miles  from  Harrodsburg.     Pop.  40. 

Oregon,  a  post-township  of  Lapeer  oo.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1118.     Oregon  Post-Office  is  at  Carpenter's. 

Oregon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Lewis  township,  about  25  miles  TS.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  5 
miles  E.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  bank,  a  normal 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  or  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms,  cement,  chairs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  948. 

Oregon,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Putnam 
Valley  township,  4^  miles  N.E.  of  Peekskill.  It  has  2 
paper-mills.     Here  is  Putnam  Valley  Post-Office. 

Oregon,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y. 

Oregon,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.C. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1863. 

Oregon,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  River,  at  Freeport  Station  on 
the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  45  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Oregon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Manheim  township,  Lancas- 
ter CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  690. 

Oregon,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles 
from  Flintville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Oregon,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Oregon 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Madison,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Stoughton.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about  500.  The  town- 
ship has  manufactures  of  spring  beds  and  window-catches, 
and  a  pop.  of  1359. 

Oregon  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clackamas  co., 
Oregon,  is  on  the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Tualatin,  and  on  the  Oregon  <fc  Cali- 
fornia Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Portland.  It  is  situated  in 
a  canon  between  high  rocky  walls,  where  a  fall  of  the  river 
affords  abundant  water-power.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flouring-mills,  a  large  woollen-factory,  and  4  churches, 
and  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  archbishop  (resident  at  Port- 
land).    Pop.  in  1890,  3062. 

Oregon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa., 
about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport. 

Oregon  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville. 

Or^ego'nia,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
44  miles  W.  of  Birmingham. 

Oregon  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Beaufort  oo.,  N.C,  near 
Pamlico  River,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Newborn.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  South  Creek  Post-Offioe. 

Or'egonville,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2561. 

Oregrnnd,  o'ri-groond\  a  town  of  Sweden,  lasn  and 
70  miles  N.E.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Ore  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  3 
miles  E.  of  Millerton,  N.Y. 
131 


Ore  Hill,  Chatham  co.,  N.C.    See  Modwt  Vernoh. 

Ore  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor  township,  Blair  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  a  railroad,  3  miles  from  Roaring  Spring.  It  bu  a 
church  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore. 

OrekhoT,  Orechow,  o-ri-Kov',  or  Orikhov,  o-re- 
Kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Taurida,  on  the 
Konskaia,  an  affluent  of  the  Dnieper,  73  miles  S.6.E.  of 
Yekaterinoslav.     Pop.  5600. 

Ore  Knob,  nob,  a  post- village  in  Peak  Creek  township, 
Ashe  CO.,  N.C,  45  miles  S.  of  Marion,  Va.  It  has  a  church, 
rich  mines  of  copper,  and  large  smelting-works,  the  annual 
product  of  which  is  valued  at  $250,000.     Pop.  about  700. 

Orel,  o-r41',  or  Orlik,  or-lik'  or  or-Ieek',  a  sluggish 
river  of  Russia,  rises  near  the  S.  frontiers  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Kharkov,  flows  S.W.  across  the  government  of 
Poltava,  and  joins  the  Dnieper  on  the  left  35  miles  W.N.W 
of  Yekaterinoslav.     Total  course,  130  miles. 

Orel,  o-ril',  Orlov,  Orlow,  orMov',  or  Orlof,  m 
government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  51°  50'  and  540 
N.  and  Ion.  33°  and  39°  E.  Area,  18,393  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,596,881,  Surface  undulating.  The  rivers  are 
affluents  of  the  Dnieper,  Don,  and  Volga.  Soil  very  fer- 
tile, and  agriculture  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  inhabit- 
ants. Principal  products,  com  and  flour,  hemp,  flax,  lin- 
seed, honey,  bristles,  timber,  and  cattle,  with  iron,  copper, 
millstones,  nitre,  and  large  quantities  of  turf.  The  govern- 
ment is  divided  into  12  districts.     Capital,  Orel. 

Orel,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  the 
same  name,  is  situated  on  the  Oka,  here  joined  by  the  Orel, 
168  miles  N.W,  of  Voronezh.  Pop.  76,600.  It  is  mostly 
built  of  wood,  is  enclosed  by  a  palisade,  and  defended  by 
an  ancient  citadel,  and  has  numerous  churches,  several 
convents,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  a  college,  and  various 
other  scbools  and  institutions.  It  is  in  a  favorable  posi- 
tion for  commerce,  being  connected  by  rivers  and  canals 
with  the  Baltic,  Black,  and  Caspian  Seas,  and  it  may  be 
considered  the  entrepSt  of  the  commerce  between  North 
and  South  Russia.  It  exports  much  rural  produce  to  Mos- 
cow and  to  St.  Petersburg,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton, 
woollen,  and  linen  stuffs,  with  tanneries,  distilleries,  tallow- 
houses,  rope-walks,  &c.,  and  several  important  annual  fairs. 

O'rel,  post-office,  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles  E.  of  lola. 

Oreland,  or'land,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Plymouth  Branch  Railroad  (to  Conshohocken),  12  miles 
from  Philadelphia. 

O  Veil',  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky,,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville. 

Orellana,  South  America.    See  Amazon. 

Orellana  la  Vieja,o-rfil-yi'n4  li  ve-i'ni,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  63  miles  E.  of  Badajos,     Pop,  2096. 

Oremarrah,  Beloochistan.    See  Ras-Arubah. 

Oreuboorg,  Orenbourg,  or  Orenburg,  o'r^n- 
booR6\  a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  comprised  in 
Europe,  but  partly  in  Asia.  Area,  73,885  square  miles. 
Surface  mostly  mountainous,  its  centre  being  covered  with 
the  S.  ranges  of  the  Ural.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ural, 
Belaia,  and  Samara  in  Europe,  and  in  Asia  several  affluents 
of  the  Tobol.  The  principal  wealth  of  the  population  con- 
sists in  cattle,  sheep,  horses,  camels,  <io,,  herds  often  com- 
prising from  200  to  2000  horses  and  from  500  to  4000  head 
of  horned  cattle.  Caviare,  made  from  fish  taken  in  the 
Ural  and  other  rivers,  is  an  important  article  of  trade.  The 
mineral  products  consist  of  gold,  copper,  iron,  salt,  and 
some  sulphur,  vitriol,  Ac.  Its  trade  is  principally  with  Asia 
by  means  of  caravans  of  camels.  Among  the  people  are 
many  Cossacks,  Kirgheez,  and  Bashkeers.     Pop.  900,547. 

Orenboorg,  or  Orenburg,  a  fortified  city  of  Euro- 
pean Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  Ural,  in  lat.  51°  48'  N.,  Ion.  55°  12'  E.  Pop.  43,12». 
In  April,  1879,  it  was  visited  by  a  destructive  connsgratloa 
and  greatly  damaged,  prior  to  which  it  possessed  2  cathe- 
drals, a  Tartar  mosque,  exchange,  custom-house,  govern 
ment  offices,  barracks  and  house  of  correction,  a  museum, 
and  a  Mohammedan  school.  The  principal  part  of  tb« 
town  was,  however,  destroyed.  On  the  opposite  oank  of  th« 
Ural  is  a  large  bazaar,  the  place  of  an  extensive  trade  with 
Central  Asia,  imports  consisting  of  silk,  gold  and  silver, 
jewels,  Chinese  produce,  and  colonial  goods  received  over 
laud  from  India,  and  exports  comprising  woollen  cloths, 
leather,  pearls,  cutlery,  Ao.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap, 
leather,  and  woollens,  great  tallow-rendering-houses,  Ao. 

Or^noque,  South  America.    See  Orinoco. 

Orense,  o-rfin'si  (ano.  A'qum  Cal'idx  Cilio'rum  T),  a 
town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Orense,  on  the 
Minho,  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lugo.     It  is  gloomy  and  ill 


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built,  but  has  a  large  cathedral  and  other  ohurohes,  an  or- 

Ehan  asylum,  hospital,  seminary,  house  of  industry,  and 
ighly-reputed  thermal  springs,  with  manufactures  of 
chocolate  and  a  trade  in  hams.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  A 
cathedral,  dedicated  to  St.  Martin,  was  built  so  early  as 
850 ;  but  the  Moors  in  716  levelled  Orense  to  the  ground, 
and  it  remained  a  heap  of  ruins  till  832,  when  it  was  re- 
built by  Alonzo  el  Casto.  The  present  Gothic  cathedral 
was  erected  in  1220,     Pop.  10,955. 

Orense,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  bounded  S. 
by  Portugal.  Area,  2588  square  miles.  Capital,  Orense. 
Pop.  401,857. 

O'rent,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  oo.,  111. 

OrerOy  o-ra'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  8 
miles  from  Chiavari.     Pop.  1737. 

Oreste,  or  Sant'  Oreste^  s&nt  o-r&s'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  24  miles  N.  of  Rome,  on  a  mountain  of  the  same 
name,  the  ancient  Soracte.     Pop.  1747. 

Oretown,  Sr'tdwn,  post-office,  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon. 

Oretum,  or  Oria.     See  Calatrava  la  Vieja. 

Ore  Valley,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Oreville,  or'vil,  a  station  in  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  &  Hooking  Valley 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Logan. 

Orfa,  or  Orfah,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Oorfa. 

Or'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Aide  and  Ore,  near  their  mouth  in  the  North 
Sea,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ipswich.  Pop.  7345.  It  has  a 
large  ancient  church,  an  old  town  hall,  assembly-room,  and 
fine  remains  of  a  Norman  castle,  with  some  fisheries,  chiefly 
of  oysters.  The  port  was  formerly  of  importance,  but  the 
sea  has  receded.  The  borough,  until  disfranchised,  sent 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  vicinity 
are  Sudbourne  Hall  and  2  light-houses,  well  known  as"  Or- 
ford-ness  Lights,"  83  feet  above  the  sea,  lat.  52°  4'  8"  N., 
Ion.  1°  34'  2"  E. 

Qr'ford,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Grafton 
«o.,  N.H.,  in  Orford  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  about  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Haverhill.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  A 
bridge  across  the  river  connects  Orford  with  Fairlee,  in  Ver- 
mont. Orford  has  an  academy  and  2  churches,  also  manu- 
factures of  butter-tubs,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1119. 

Orford,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Neb. 

Or'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Orford  township,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  chair-factories. 

Orfordville,  or  Orford,  a  post-village  of  Rock  oo., 
Wis.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Janesville  with  Mon- 
roe, 12  or  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Janesville.     Pop.  about  200. 

Orfui,  or'fwee',  called  also  Ras  Hafoon,  r&s  h&^foon', 
a  cape  of  East  Africa,  about  100  miles  S.  of  Cape  Guardafui. 

Or'gain's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Tenn. 

Or'gan  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
about  25  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Orgftos,  Sbrra  DOS,  sdR'Ri  doce  OR-g&'6NS8  ("Organ 
Mountains"),  a  mountain  cordillera  of  Brazil,  extends  from 
E.  to  S.W.  in  the  provinces  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  SSo  Paulo, 
and  Santa  Catharina.  One  portion  of  this  chain,  more  par- 
ticularly called  the  Organ  Mountains,  is  situated  40  miles 
N.£.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Highest  point,  3800  feet. 

Orgaz,  oR-g&th'  (anc.  Althx'a),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2877. 

Orghend-Ab,  Afghanistan.    See  Urghundacb. 

Orghesan,  or^gh^h-s&n',  or  Urghesan,  iir^ghfh-s&n', 
a  river  of  Afghanistan,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Gbuznee, 
flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  above  100  miles,  joins  the 
Tarnak,  an  affluent  of  the  Urghundaub. 

Orghiev,  or  Orgjiev,  Russia.    See  Orkhei. 

Orgiano,  OR-j&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vicenza.    Pop.  3334. 

Orgiva,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Orjiba. 

Orgon,  0R^g6iJ»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouohes-du- 
Rh&ne,  near  the  Durance,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.     P.  1416. 

Orgosolo,  oR-go-so'lo,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2140. 

Oria,  o're-i,  or  Uritana,  oo-re-ti'ni  (anc.  Uria,  or 
Hyria),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Brindisi,  on  a  hill  between  2  small  lakes.  Pop.  7085.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  hospital. 

Oria,  o're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N. 
of  Almeria.     Pop.  1610. 

Orie,  o'ree,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  oo.,  Kansas. 

Oriekhov,  or  Oijekhow,  Russia.    See  Orekhov. 

Orient,  o're-ent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in 


Orient  township,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Creston.     It  is  sur- 
rounded by  rich  undulating  prairie.    Pop.  of  township,  215, 

Orient,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.  Pop» 
219.     Orient  Post-Office  is  24  miles  S.  of  Houlton. 

Orient,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &,  Lynn 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Orient,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  293.  It 
contains  Sears. 

Orient,  a  post-village  in  Southold  township,  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Orient  Harbor,  and  on  a  narrow  peninsula  which 
is  the  northeastern  extremity  of  Long  Island,  5  or  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Greenport.  It  is  also  on  Gardiner's  Bay.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  hotels,  and  the  works  of  a  fertilizing  company. 
Pop.  in  1890,  SOS. 

Oriental,  o-re-Sn't^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sunbury. 

Oriente,  o-re-4n'ti,  a  province  of  Ecuador,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Andes,  embracing  a  vast  extent  of  country  in 
the  Amazon  valley,  and  traversed  by  many  rivers.  Capital, 
Archidona.     Estimated  pop.  200,000,  nearly  all  Indians. 

Orient,  L',  a  town  of  France.    See  Loriext. 

Origny,  o^reen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on 
the  Thon,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Vervins.     Pop.  1380. 

Origny  Sainte-B6noite,  o'reen'yee'  sist-bi'nwit', 
a  village  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,  8  miles  E.  of  Saint- 
Quentin.     Lawn,  shawls,  itc,  are  made  here.     Pop.  2584. 

Orihuela,  o-re-wi'la,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  32 
miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Segura.  Pop.  25,208.  It 
stands  at  the  foot  of  a  ridge  of  rocks,  in  a  tract  termed, 
from  its  fertility,  "  the  garden  of  Spain."  Principal  build- 
ings, a  cathedral  and  10  other  churches,  2  hospitals,  a 
foundling  asylum,  a  public  granary,  and  cavalry  barracks. 
It  has  a  coUege,  manofaotnres  of  linens  and  hats,  tanneries, 
and  corn-  and  oil-mills. 

Orihn'la,  a  post-offioe  of  Winnebago  oo..  Wis.,  on  Wolf 
River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Orikhov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Orekhov. 

Orikhova,  o-re-Ko'v&,  or  Trajanopolis,  tr&-j&- 
nop'o-lis,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Ipsala.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop. 

Oriliia,  o-ririe-%,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Sim- 
coe,  situated  on  Lake  Couohiching  (at  the  N.  extremity 
of  Lake  Simcoe),  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Northern  and 
Midland  Railways,  22  miles  from  Barrie,  and  86  miles 
from  Toronto.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  branch  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  lunatic  asylum,  several  grist-,  saw-, 
shingle-,  and  planing-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  a 
brewery,  several  hotels  and  churches,  and  a  number  of 
stores.    Steamers  run  between  here  and  Barrie.    Pop.  2832. 

Orinoco,  o-re-no'ko  {i.e.,  in  an  Indian  language, 
"coiled  serpent")  (Fr.  Orfnoque,  o'ri'nok'),  one  of  the 
principal  rivers  of  South  America,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada of  Venezuelan  Guiana,  winds  successively  W.,  N.,  and 
E.  through  the  centre  of  the  Venezuelan  territory,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  by  numerous  mouths,  in  lat.  8°  40'  N. 
and  Ion.  61°  W.  Total  course  estimated  at  1600  miles,  for 
more  than  the  latter  half  of  which,  or  to  the  rapids  of 
Atures,  it  is  uninterruptedly  navigable.  Area  of  its  basin, 
252,000  square  miles.  The  principal  affluents,  in  descend- 
ing, are,  from  the  left,  the  united  stream  of  the  Atabapo 
and  Guaviare,  the  Meta,  the  Arauca,  and  the  Apure. 
Some  of  these  tributaries  are  larger  than  the  Danube. 
Those  from  the  right  are  the  Ventuari,  which  joins  it 
about  40  miles  E.  of  the  junction  of  the  Atabapo,  the 
Caura,  and  the  Carony.  By  the  Cassiquiare  it  has  a  sin- 
gular navigable  communication  with  the  Rio  Negro  and 
the  Amazon.  At  200  leagues  from  the  ocean  its  breadth  is 
about  3  miles,  and  at  Angostura,  about  250  miles  from  its 
mouths,  to  which  place  the  tide  reaches,  it  is  4  miles  across, 
and,  when  lowest,  65  fathoms  deep. 

Two  remarkable  rapids  occur  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
Orinoco,  called  the  Atures  and  the  Maypures,  or  Apures,  the 
one  in  lat.  5°  8'  N.,  the  other  about  36  miles  lower  down. 
These  rapids  consist  of  a  countless  number  of  little  cas- 
cades succeeding  one  another  like  steps,  and  where  numer- 
ous islands  and  rocks  so  restrict  the  bed  of  the  river  that 
out  of  a  breadth  of  8000  feet  there  often  only  remains  an 
open  channel  20  feet  in  width.  The  waters  of  the  Orinoco 
rise  from  April  to  October,  attaining  their  greatest  height 
in  July  and  August.  The  vast  plains  through  which  the 
river  flows  are  at  this  season  to  a  great  extent  overflowed. 
Both  banks  of  the  stream  are  densely  wooded,  and,  like  the 
river  itself,  full  of  animal  life.  The  numerous  channels  by 
which  the  Orinoco  latterly  finds  its  way  to  the  sea  begin  to 
branch  off  from  the  main  stream  upwards  of  100  miles  from 
the  coast.  The  most  S.  and  widest  of  these  branches  runs 
directly  E.,  and  reaches  the  ocean  by  the  mouth  called  Boca 


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de  Navios,  or  Cano  Navios,  between  Point  Barima  on  the 
S.  and  the  islands  of  Cangrejos  on  the  N.,  which  are  more 
than  20  miles  apart.  In  front  of  this  mouth  is  a  bar,  on 
which  is  17  feet  of  water,  and  which  is  supposed  to  be  nearly 
3000  fathoms  across.  In  the  month  of  April,  when  the 
water  is  lowest,  the  tides  are  perceptible  in  the  river  at 
Angostura,  a  distance  of  250  miles  from  the  sea.  The  other 
branches,  which  run  N.  and  divide  the  delta  of  the  Orinoco 
into  numerous  low  islands,  are  imperfectly  known. 

Orio,  o're-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzooa,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Orio  in 
the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  1035. 

Oriole^  o're-51,  a  post-oflSce  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Oriole^  a  post-ofiBce  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa,,  is  at  a  ham* 
let  named  Jamestown,  6  miles  S.  of  Jersey  Shore. 

Oriolo,  o-ree'o-lo  (anc.  Fo'rum  Glau'dii  f),  a  village  of 
Italy,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.     Pop.  1191. 

Oriolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Roseto.     Pop.  1576. 

Orion,  o-ri'9n  or  o'r^-QU,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co., 
Ala.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  3 
churches  and  the  Orion  Institute. 

Orion,  a  post -hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  15  miles  S.  of 
Mabelvale.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orion,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.     Pop.  1082. 

Orion,  a  post-village  in  Western  township,  Henry  co., 
111.,  on  the  Peoria  &,  Rock  Island  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.E.  of  Rock  Island  City.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  several  stores,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  (1890)  624. 

Orion,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tip- 
pecanoe River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Warsaw. 

Orion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Clinton. 

Orion,  a  post-village  in  Orion  township,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  on  Paint  Creek,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Pontiac,  and  19  miles  S.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.  Pop.  304 ; 
of  the  township,  1186.     Here  is  a  small  lake  named  Orion. 

Orion,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  630. 

Orion,  a  post-village  in  Orion  township,  Richland  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  2  miles  from  Muscoda,  and 
about  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church,  a 
carriage-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  687. 

Oris'kany,  a  post-village  in  Whitestown  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  near  its  mouth,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Utica,  and  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.  It 
contains  2  or  3  churches  and  several  mills  and  manufac- 
tories of  malleable  iron.     Pop.  860. 

Oriskany  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison  co., 
runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River 
in  Oneida  co.,  about  7  miles  above  Utica. 

Oriskany  Falls,  a  post- village  in  Augusta  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica 
Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flour-millSji^  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  cassi- 
meres,  flanne^Iime,  <&%     Pop.  in  1890,  626. 

Or'ison,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &, 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Chicago. 

Orissa,  o-ris'si,  a  province  of  India,  in  Bengal,  of  which 
it  forms  the  S.  extension,  between  lat.  19°  and  23°  N.  and 
Ion.  83°  and  88°  E.,  having  E.  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and 
comprising  the  districts  of  Balasore,  Cuttaok,  and  Pooree, 
and  the  native  states  called  Cuttaok  Mehals.  Chief  town 
Cuttaok.     Area,  8172  square  miles.     Pop.  3,865,020. 

Oristano,  o-ris-ti'no,  or  Oristagni,  o-ris-t4n'yee,  a 
town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  of  Cagliari,  on  the 
Oristano,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  59  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.  Pop.  6485.  It  is  situated  in  a  marshy 
plain,  is  enclosed  by  lofty  walls,  and  has  a  handsome  cathe- 
dral, an  archbishop's  palace,  a  hospital,  and  a  Piarist  college. 
Its  port,  at  the  river's  mouth,  is  large  and  secure,  protected 
by  a  mole.  The  exports  comprise  large  quantities  of  com, 
also  salt,  salt  fish,  and  the  much-esteemed  wine  of  Ver- 
naccia.    See  Gulf  of  Obistano. 

Orival,  o^reeVil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1768. 

Orivesi,  o-re-vA'see,  a  lake  of  Finland,  containing  sev- 
eral large  islands. 

Orixa,  an  island  of  Seychelles  Archipelago.   See  Dbnis. 

Oriximina,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Trombetas. 

Orizaba,  o-re-zah'bg,,  a  post-village  of  Tinpah  co., 
Miss.,  7  miles  S.  of  Ripley.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 


Orizaba,  o-re-si'B&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  25  milet  S.  of  the 
volcanic  peak  of  Orizaba  (elevation,  by  recent  estimates, 
18,300  feet),  in  a  fertile  and  richly-wooded  valley.  It  has 
manuiaciures  of  cloths,  cottons,  and  tobacco.    Pop.  20,000. 

Oijiba,  Orxiba,  oR-Hee'si,  O^iva,  or  Orgiva, 
0R-Hee'v4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  32  miles  S.E.  of 
Granada,  on  the  Quadalfeo.     Pop.  3632. 

Or-Kapi,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Pesekop. 

Orkhei,  or'kI,  Orghiev,  or  Orgiev,  oR-ghe-Av',  % 
town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  25  miles  N.  of  EisheneT. 
Pop.  5883. 

Orkhon,  or^Kon',  a  river  of  Mongolia,  joins  the  Selenga 
a  few  miles  S.W.  of  Kiakhta,  in  about  lat.  50°  N.  and  Ion. 
105°  30'  E.,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  nearly  380  miles. 

Ork'ney  and  Shet'land,  the  most  N.  county  of  Scot- 
land, comprising  the  islands  of  the  above  names.  Area, 
935  square  miles.  Chief  towns,  Kirkwall  and  Lerwick. 
It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     P.  62,882. 

Orkney  Islands  (L.  Orcadei,  or'ka-diz),  an  archi- 
pelago off  the  N.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  lat.  58°  47'  and 
59°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  2°  4'  and  3°  23'  W.,  separated  from 
the  CO.  of  Caithness  by  Pentland  Firth.  Aggregate  area, 
2448  square  miles.  There  are  73  islands  and  islets,  of 
which  about  30  are  inhabited :  the  principal  are  Pomona  or 
Mainland,  South  Ronaldshay,  Hoy,  Flota,  Grsemsay,  Eday, 
Rousay,  Sanda,  Shapinshay,  Stronsa,  and  Westray.  Nearly 
all  the  larger  islands  are  of  exceedingly  irregular  form,  pre- 
senting rather  a  series  of  crooked  and  shapeless  peninsula* 
than  a  group  of  compact  insular  bodies.  Little  snow  falla 
in  winter,  but  the  summers  are  chill  and  moist.  Agricul- 
ture is  very  backward.  Oats,  barley,  potatoee,  and  turnips 
are  the  chief  crops.  A  small  breed  of  cattle  is  reared,  and 
about  50,000  sheep  pasture  on  the  hills  and  common  moors. 
Rabbits  and  poultry  are  numerous.  Hunting  for  wild  birds 
and  eggs  and  fishing  partly  employ  the  population.  M.tny 
lobsters  are  shipped  to  the  London  market.  Plaiting  from 
rye  straw  and  some  distilling  are  the  principal  manufac- 
tures. These  islands  were  examined  by  Agncola  a.d.  84. 
In  the  Middle  Ages  they  belonged  to  Norway,  but  in  1468 
were  annexed  to  the  Scottish  crown  and  formed  an  earl- 
dom.    Chief  town,  Kirkwall.     Pop.  31,274. 

Ork'ney  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place 
of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  13  miles  W.  of  Mount  Jackton 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orknb,  or-koob'  (?),  or  Prekop,  prA-kop',  a  town  of 
Europe,  in  the  principality  of  Servia,  on  the  Toplicxa,  11 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Nissa. 

Orlamttnde,  oR'li-miinM^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Saale,  here  joined  by  the  Orla,  48 
miles  S.W.  of  Cahla.     Pop.  1342. 

Or'land,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  oo.,  Cal. 

Orland,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co..  111.  Pop.  1130. 
Orland  Post-OfBce  is  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Orland,  a  post-village  in  Mill  Grove  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Fawn  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne, 
and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Angola.  It  has  2  churches,  » 
literary  institute,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  about  600. 

Orland,  a  post-village  in  Orland  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Bangor,  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Belfast.  It 
is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business.  It  has  8 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1701. 

Orlan'do,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital  of 
Orange  co.,  Fla.,  about  90  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a 
court-house,  several  churches,  a  money-order  post-office, 
and  a  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  mainly  sup- 
ported by  the  cultivation  of  oranges.    Pop.  in  1890,  2856. 

Orlando,  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.     See  Big  Lake. 

Orlando,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  OaK 
Creek,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Orlando,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  oo.,  Va.,  2  miles  from 
Faber's  Mills.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  • 
flour-mill. 

OrMean',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  10  milet 
N.W.  of  Warrenton,  and  about  56  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Washington,  D.C.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orl^annois,  or  Orl^annais,  oR'I&^in'ni',  an  old 
province  of  France,  had  for  its  capital  Orleans ;  it  now  forms 
the  greater  part  of  the  departments  of  Loiret,  Eure-et-Loir, 
and  Loir-et-Cher.  .,«__, 

Orleans,  or'le-%nr,  HO*  or-leen«'(Fr.OrWa««,oB'li'6i»^; 
Sp.  Orleamt,  oR-lA-i-nIs' ;  It.  Orleana,  or-lA-A'n4),  a  city 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Loiret,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Loire,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paris,  at  the  junction 
of  several  important  railways.    It  is  very  ancient,  and  h.i/ 


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many  fine  squares,  but  is  in  general  ill  built.  The  chief 
edifices  are  iixe  cathedral,  or  church  of  St.  Croix,  one  of  the 
finest  in  France,  the  town  hall,  and  the  hospital.  It  has  an 
acadfmie  universitaire,  a  national  college,  a  primary  nor- 
mal school,  a  secondary  medical  school,  a  public  library, 
museums  of  natural  history,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
theatre.  Its  industrial  establishments  comprise  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  woollens,  cottons,  pottery-ware,  vinegar, 
and  saltpetre,  sugar-refineries,  breweries,  tanneries,  and 
metal-foundries,  and  it  has  an  extensive  commerce  in  wine, 
brandy,  wool,  grain,  oil,  and  cheese.  Orleans  was  built 
on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Oenahum,  afterwards  Aure'liani. 
Taken  and  destroyed  by  Caesar,  it  took  the  name  of  Aure- 
lia'ni  or  Aurelia'num,  in  honor  of  the  emperor  Aurelian, 
by  whom  it  was  embellished.  It  was  capital  of  the  first 
kingdom  of  Burgundy,  and  gave  the  title  of  duke  to  a 
member  of  the  French  royal  family.  In  1428  Orleans  was 
besieged  for  six  months  by  the  English,  and  delivered  by 
Joan  of  Arc,  who  hence  was  called  "the  Maid  of  Orleans." 
Eleven  councils  have  been  held  here.     Pop.  52,157. 

Orleans,  or'le-anz,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louis- 
iana, has  an  area  of  about  187  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  Lake  Pontohartrain,  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Borgne,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  partly  subject  to  inundation  by  high 
tide.  The  soil  in  the  vicinity  of  the  river  is  fertile.  Sugar- 
cane is  the  staple  product.  This  parish  is  intersected  by 
the  New  Orleans  &  Southern  Railroad,  the  Louisville  k 
Nashville  Railroad,  and  other  railroads,  which  centre  at 
New  Orleans,  the  capital.  It  is  the  most  populous  parish 
in  the  state.     Pop.  in  1880,  216,090;  in  1890,  212,0.39. 

Orleans,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York,  has  an 
area  of  about  399  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Ontario,  and  drained  by  Oak  Orchard  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  apples,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable  quarries  of  Me- 
dina sandstone  (Silurian)  and  Niagara  limestone,  which  is 
a  good  building-stone.  It  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  by 
the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  and  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensbnrg  Rail- 
road, the  former  of  which  connects  with  Albion,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870,  27,689;  in  1880,  30,128;  in  1890,  .30,803. 

Orleans,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Vermont,  borders 
on  Canada.  Area,  about  728  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Barton,  Black,  Clyde,  and  Missisquoi  Rivers,  which 
afford  much  water-power.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  diversified  with  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which  is 
Lake  Memphremagog,  about  30  miles  long.  The  surface  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  beech,  elm, 
hickory,  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  lum- 
ber, and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
minerals  which  abound  are  good  granite,  talcose  slate,  ser- 
pentine, novaculite,  and  iron  ore.  Asbestos,  dolomite,  and 
snapstone  are  also  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Boston  &  Maine  and  Canadian  Pacific  Railroads. 
Capital,  Newport.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,035;  in  1880,  22,083: 
in  1890,  22,101. 

Orleans,  or  Orleans  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Klamath  River,  about  55  miles  N.E. 
of  Eureka,  and  210  miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Sacramento. 
It  is  situated  in  a  rugged  mountainous  region,  in  which  gold 
is  found.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  of  Orleans  township,  173. 

Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Orleans,  a  post-village  in  Orleans  township.  Orange 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 56  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  5  miles  S.  of 
Mitchell.  It  is  the  largest  village  in  the  county.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  905 ;  of 
the  township,  1865. 

Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  about 
13  miles  W.  of  Bloomfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Orleans,  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  681. 

Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  near  the  Potomac  River,  about 
25  miles  E.  of  Cumberland. 

Orleans,  a  post-village  in  Orleans  township,  Barnstable 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  94  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  of  township,  1373. 

Orleans,  or  Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Orleans  town- 
ship, Ionia  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Ionia.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1423. 


Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Littla 
Sac  River,  28  or  30  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Orleans,  a  post-rillage  of  Harlan  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Republican  River,  43  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  &c.    Pop.  in  1890,  812. 

Orleans,  a  township  of  JefiTerson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence.  Pop.  2307.  It  contains  La  Farge- 
ville,  Omar,  Stone  Mills,  and  other  villages,  and  several  of 
the  Thousand  Islands. 

Orleans,  a  post-village  in  Phelps  township,  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Flint  Creek,  and  on  the  Ontario  Southern  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  about  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Oeneva.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Orleans  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Morgan 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (at  Orleans 
Road  Station),  138  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Orleans  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orleans 
township,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clayton.     It  has  a  church. 

Orleans,  Isle  of,  Quebec.    See  Isle  of  Orleans. 

Orlof,  or  Orlov,  or-lov',  a  town  of  Russia,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Viatka.     Pop.  3300. 

Orlof,  or  Orlov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Oosman. 

Orlof,  Orlov,  or  Orlow,  Russia.    See  Orel. 

Orlovka,  or  Orlowka,  oR-lov'k&,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Chernigov,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Novgorod  • 
Severskoie. 

Or'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  a  church. 

Ormea,  0R-m&'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  18 
miles  S.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.  Pop.  5308.  It  is  en- 
closed by  old  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  linens. 

Orme's-Head  (ormz-hM),  Great,  a  peninsular 
headland  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  projecting  into  the 
Irish  Sea,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Conway.  It  forms  the  W. 
side  of  the  inlet  called  Orme's  Bay,  the  opposite  E.  point 
being  Little  Orme's-Head.  On  each  of  these  headlands 
is  a  light-house. 

Ornie*s  Store,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.    See  MsLviit. 

Or'iniston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Haddingtvn, 
on  the  Tyne,  25  miles  S.  of  Tranent. 

Or'mondsville,  a  post-offioe  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Orm'sa  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  N.  of 
Lunga,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  sound.  It 
is  1^  miles  in  circuit.   A  light-house  stands  on  its  W.  coast. 

Ormsby,  ormz'b^,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada, 
3ordering  on  California,  has  an  area  of  144  square  miles, 
[t  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Tahoe,  and  intersected  by 
Carson  River,  which  here  runs  N.E.  and  enters  Carson 
Lake,  in  Churchill  co.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine.  Gold,  silver,  and  lum- 
ber are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Granite  and  quarts 
are  abundant  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Virginia  A 
Truckee  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Carson  City,  the 
capital  of  this  county  and  also  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3668;  in  1880,  5412;  in  1890,  4883. 

Ormsby,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  is  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  2i  miles  from 
Pittsburg  Post-Office.  It  is  a  suburb  of  Pittsburg,  and  is 
one  of  those  which  are  called  South  Side  boroughs.  It  has 
2  churches.  Here  are  several  breweries  and  manufactories 
of  glass  and  iron.  The  American  Iron-Works  of  this  place 
employ  nearly  4000  men.  Pop.  2225.  Ormsby  Station  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston  Railroad  is  3^  miles 
from  the  initial  station  in  Pittsburg. 

Ormsby*8,  a  station  of  the  Louisville  A  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Orms'kirk,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at  a 
railway  junction,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Liverpool.  It  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  town  hall,  a  large  church,  a  grammar-school, 
almshouses,  and  manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  and  hats. 
In  its  vicinity  are  large  collieries.     Pop.  (1891)  6298. 

Orms'town,  or  Dnr'ham,  or  Saint  Malachie 
d'Ormstown,siK»  mlUi^kee' dorms'tSwn,  a  post- village 
in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Chateauguay  River,  28 
miles  from  Caughnawaga.  It  contains  6  stores,  2  hotels,  4 
churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  500. 

Or'mus,  or  Or'muz  (Persian,  Hormooz,  or  Hormut, 
hor^mooz' ;  anc.  Oxyrie  f  or  Organa  f),  an  island  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  on  its  N.  side,  near  its  entrance,  45  miles  due 
N.  of  Cape  Mussendom,  Arabia.  Lat.  27°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  56° 
29'  E.  It  is  a  mere  barren  rock,  about  12  miles  in  circum- 
ference, but  important  as  having  been  formerly  one  of  the 
richest  commercial  emporiums  in  the  East.     It  has  an  ex- 


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traordinary  appearance  from  the  sea,  its  mountains  being 
of  variegated  colors  from  extensive  impregnations  of  salt, 
sulphur,  iron,  and  copper,  which  first-named  mineral  yields 
a  considerable  revenue.  On  its  N.  side  is  a  decayed  town, 
with  a  good  harbor  and  a  garrisoned  fort.  Ormus  was  cap- 
tured in  1507  by  the  Portuguese  under  Albuquerque,  but 
taken  from  them  by  the  British  and  Persians  in  1622,  when 
its  trade  as  a  depot  for  the  produce  of  India,  China,  Ac, 
was  transferred  to  Gombroon.  The  Gulf  of  Ormus  is  a  term 
sometimes  applied  to  the  S.E.  portion  of  the  Persian  Gulf, 
and  the  Straits  of  Ormus  connect  the  Persian  Gulf  with 
the  Arabian  Sea,     Length,  150  miles;  breadth,  30  miles. 

Ornain,  OR^n&N»',  a  river  of  France,  rises  near  Neu- 
ville,  in  Haute-Marne,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Saulx  on 
its  right  bank.     Length,  65  miles. 

Ornans,  OR'nbiP>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Boubs,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Besanjon,  on  the  Lou6.  Pop.  3033.  It  has  vine- 
yards, tannei-ies,  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  Ac. 

Ornavasso,  oR-n4-v4s'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Domo  d'Ossola.     Pop.  1582. 

Orne)  oru,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed 
of  part  of  Normandy.  Area,  2329  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  854,387.  The  surface  presents  along  the  river-, 
courses  rich  pasture-land,  but  a  considerable  part  of  it  is 
sandy  and  sterile.  Chief  rivers,  the  Orne,  Touques,  Rille, 
Eure,  Sarthe,  and  Mayenne.  The  principal  minerals  are 
iron,  black  lead,  and  granite.  Hemp,  apples,  and  pears  are 
abundant.  Horses,  among  the  best  in  France,  are  reared 
in  the  department,  and  cattle  are  extensively  fattened  for 
the  Paris  markets.  Fowls  and  eggs  are  important  objects 
of  commerce.  Its  manufactures  comprise  pins,  needles, 
linens,  cotton,  and  lace.  The  department  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Alen^on,  Argentan,  Domfront,  and 
Mortagne.     Capita^  Alengon. 

Orne  (anc.  Olina  f)  River,  of  France,  rises  near  Seez, 
in  Orne,  flows  past  Argentan,  Ecouch^,  and  Caen,  and  enters 
the  English  Channel.     Length,  86  miles. 

OrneTille)  orn'vil,  a  post-office  in  Orneville  township, 
Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Orneville  Station  of 
the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  which  is  18  miles  E.  of 
Dover.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  rules.     Pop.  575. 

O'ro,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo.     P.  2087. 

O'ro,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal,     Pop.  281. 

OroatiS)  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tab. 

Oro  City,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co,.  Col.,  near  the 
source  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Fair 
Play,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Massive  Mountain,  Snowy  Range. 
Gold  is  mined  here. 

Orodelfan',  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co..  Col. 

O^rodell',  a  village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  90  miles  S.E. 
of  Umatilla.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

O'ro  Fino,  fee'no  (i.e.,  "fine  gold"),  a  post-village  of 
Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Yreka. 

Oro  Fino  River,  Idaho,  runs  westward  in  Shoshone 
CO.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Clearwater  River  about 
25  miles  W.  of  Pierce  City.  It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 
Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Orolannnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Arlon. 

Oromoc'to,  a  post-village  of  New  Brunswick,  capital 
of  Sunbury  co.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  John,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Oromocto  River,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Frederic- 
ton.     It  contains  several  stores  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  400. 

Oromocto,  North  Branch.    See  Tracey  Station. 

Oromocto,  South  Branch.    See  Blissville. 

O'rono,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  501. 

Orono,  a  post-village  in  Orono  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on 
the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Bangor.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business. 
It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  the  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  the 
Mechanic  Arts,  which  was  organized  in  1865.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  axes,  barrels,  matches,  and  lumber.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  2790. 

Orono,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich. 

Orono,  a  village  in  Elk  River  township,  Sherburne 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Elk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  39  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

O'rono,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Orono  Creek,  4i  miles  from  Newcastle.  It  has  several 
churches  and  hotels,  about  12  stores,  and  manufa<!tories  of 
iron  castings,  stoves,  woollens,  wooden-ware,  leather,  plas- 
ter, potash,  boots  and  shoes,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

O'rono'co,  a  post- village  in  Oronooo  township,  01m- 
eted  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Zumbro,  or  Middle  Fork  of  the 
Zumbro  River,  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  and  about 


30  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  Rraded 
school,  a  large  flouring-ujill,  and  several  other  buaiut-,- 
concerns.     Pop.  of  the  township,  789. 

Oronoco,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Oro'nogo,  formerly  Mi'nersville,  a  post-village  of 
Jasper  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  A  Western  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  also  rich  mines 
of  lead  and  zinc,  and  smelting-furnaces. 

Orono'ko,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  iTich.     P.  1825. 

O'ronsay,  a  small  island  of  the  Hebrides,  immediately 
S.  of  the  island  of  Colonsay. 

Orontes,  o-ron'tez  (called  by  the  Arabs  El  Aasy,  II 
3,'see,  "the  rebellious"),  a  river  of  North  Syria,  vilayets 
of  Damascus  and  Aleppo,  rises  in  Anti-Libanus,  flows  N. 
through  Lake  Homs  and  to  near  Antakia  (Antiooh),  where  , 
it  suddenly  turns  W.S.W.,  and  soon  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 40  miles  N.  of  Latakeea  (Latakieh),  after  an  in- 
navigable course  of  240  miles. 

Oropesa,  a  city  of  South  America.    See  Cochabauba. 

Oropo,  o-ro'po  (ane.  Oro'pus),  a  village  of  Greece,  in 
Boeotia,  on  the  Asopo,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Euripus,  24 
miles  E.  of  Thebes,  with  remains  of  ancient  fortifications. 
Pop.  2098. 

Orosei,  o-ro-si'e,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Nuoro,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Orosei.     Pop.  1813. 

Orosenga,  o-ro-sfing'gS,,  or  Oloosinga,  o-loo-sing'- 
gi,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  South  Pacific,  belonging  to 
the  Samoa  group,  lat.  14°  14'  S.,  Ion.  169°  34'  W.,  about 
3  miles  long. 

Oroshaza,  oVosh^hi'z5h\  a  large  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  27  miles  S.W.  of  B6kes.     Pop.  14,554. 

Orotava,  or  San  Juan  Orotava,  skn  Roo-&n'  o-ro- 
ti'vS,,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  island  (and  near  the  N.E.  foot 
of  the  peak)  of  TenerifFe,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Puerto  de  Oro- 
tava. Near  the  town  are  8  convents.  Orotava  stands  in 
a  beautiful  valley  of  the  same  name,  and  is  a  favorite  r»- 
sort  for  invalids  afflicted  with  pulmonary  diseases.   P.  8000. 

Orotelli,  o-ro-tfil'lee,  or  Ortelli,  OR-tSl'lee,  a  village 
of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  the  Tirsi.     Pop.  1646. 

Oro'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butte  oo.,  Cal.,  is 
in  Ophir  township,  on  the  Feather  River,  3  miles  from 
Table  Mountain,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Marysville,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  railroad.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office,  1  or  2  banking-offices,  and  2  churches.  Gold  is  mined 
near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1787. 

Oroya,  o-ro'y&,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Junin, 
136  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Lima.  It  is  12,178  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  its  railway  tunnels  the  Andes  at  the  height 
of  15,645  feet. 

Oiphano,  oR'f&-no,  a  village  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Orphano,  50  miles  E.  of  Salo- 
nica.    Lat.  46°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  65'  E.    See  Guu  of  Ob- 

PHANO. 

Or'phan's  Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Penobscot 
River,  opposite  the  town  of  Bucksport,  Penobscot  co..  Me. 
It  is  4  miles  long,  and  contains  about  5000  acres. 

Orp-le- Grand,  oRp-l^h-grAii*,  a  village  of  JBelgiom. 
in  Brabant,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  1089. 

Orr,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn. 

Or'rell,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  with 
a  station  on  the  Lancashire  A  Yorkshire  Railway,  2^  miles 
W.  of  Wigan.     Pop.  2371. 

Or'rery  and  Kilmore',  a  barony  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  of  Cork,  in  its  N.  part.  Pop.  15,884.  It  gives  the  title 
of  earl  to  the  Boyle  family.  Earls  of  Cork. 

Or'rick,  a  post- village  in  Camden  township,  Ray  oo., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad, 
about  4  miles  from  the  Missouri  River,  and  30  milea  E.N.E. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Or'rington,  a  post-village  in  Orrington  township,  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
and  on  the  Bucksport  A  Bangor  Railroad,  6  miles  below 
Bangor.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  lumber,  Ac.  The  town- 
ship contains  South  Orrington  village  and  a  pop.  of  1768. 

Orrock,  post-township,  Sherburne  oo.,  Minn.   Pop.  219. 

Orroii,  oR'ao-le,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
province  and  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1891. 

Orr's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo..  Me.,  on 
a  small  isle  in  Casoo  Bay,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Portland. 
A  bridge  connects  the  island  with  Harpswell. 

Orrs'town,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa.,  on  Con- 
edogwinit  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chambersburg,  and 
5  miles  W.  of  Shippensburg.   It  has  4  churches.    Pod.  805. 

Orrs'ville,  a  village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Chatta- 
hoochee River,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Orrsville,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.    See  MAHo.yixo. 


ORR 


2078 


OSA 


Orr'ville,  a  post-yillage  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  1  mile  from 
Orrville  Station  of  the  New  Orleans  A  Selma  Railroad,  and 
about  60  miles  W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Orrville  J  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Orrville,  a  post- village  in  Baughman  and  Green  town- 
ships, Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  4  Chi- 
cago Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Ver- 
non &  Columbus  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Maasillon, 
64  miles  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wooster. 
It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  organs,  furniture,  ploughs,  and 
threshing-machines.     Pop.  in  1880,  1441 ;  in  1890,  1765. 

Orsa,  OR'si,  a  village  and  parish  of  Sweden,  laen  and  52 
miles  N.W.  of  Falun,  on  Lake  Orsa. 

Orsara,  oR-si'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Bovino.     Pop.  5117. 

Orschel,  or  Nieder  Orschel,  nee'd^r  oRsh'fl,  a  vil- 
lage of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony.     Pop.  2047. 

Orslia,  or  Orcha,  or'shi,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  44  miles  N.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Dnieper,  here 
joined  by  the  Orzhitza.     Pop.  5324. 

Orsk,  oRsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  and 
155  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orenboorg,  on  the  river  Ural.  Pop. 
5584.  It  is  a  custom-house  station  for  caravans  entering 
European  Russia.    Jasper  is  abundant  in  its  vicinity. 

Orsova,  Neu-Orsova,  noi-oR'so'v3h\  or  Adns- 
kelia*  &-doos-ki'le-&,  a  frontier  town  of  Servia,  on  an 
island  in  the  Danube,  4  miles  above  the  "  Iron  Gate,"  and 
36  miles  E.  of  Moldova.  It  is  a  station  for  steam-packets. 
Pop.  3200.    See  Alt  Obsova. 

OrsoY)  OR'soi,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop,  1704. 

Ort,  oRt,  a  town  of  Austria,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna, 
og  the  Danube.     Pop.  1400. 

Orta,  0R't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  4670. 

Orta,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Novara, 
above  the  W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Orta.     Pop.  1089. 

Orta,  Lake  of,  Italy.    See  Lake  of  Orta. 

Orte,  oR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.  of  Viterbo,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Tiber.     Pop.  3686. 

Orteler,  a  mountuin  of  Tyrol.     See  Ortlkr. 

Ortelli,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Orotelli. 

Or'telsburg  (Ger.  pron.  0B't9ls-b5SRG*),  a  town  of 
East  Prussia,  82  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eonigsberg,  beside  a  lake. 
Pop.,  with  commune,  4361. 

Ortenberg,  0R'tQn-bdR6\  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Nid- 
der,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1003. 

Ortenberg,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle 
Rhine,  on  the  itinzig.     Pop.  1327. 

Ortenburg,  oR't^n-bSSRO^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  10  miles 
W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1120. 

Orth,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  SJ  miles 
N.  of  New  Ross  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  La- 
fayette.    It  has  2  churches. 

Orthez,  or  Orthes,  0R*t4',  a  town  of  Prance,  in 
Basses-Pyr6n§es,  on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Pan.  Pop.  4727.  It  has  a  marble-quarry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  stuffs,  paper,  oil,  copper  wares,  and  leather, 
with  a  brisk  trade  in  hams,  goose  feathers,  and  cattle. 

Ortigalito,  or-te-gl-lee'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merced 
CO.,  Cal.,  59  miles  S.E.  of  Gilroy.     it  has  a  church. 

Or'ting,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pierce  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Ta- 
coma.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Ortiz,  or-tees',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Guarico, 
50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Calabozo.     Pop.  8042. 

Ortler,  oRt'l^r,  Orteler,  oR't^h-l^r,  or  Ortler- 
Spitze,  ORt'l^r-spit^s^h,  the  loftiest  mountain  of  Tyrol 
and  of  the  Austrian  Empire,  is  situated  in  the  Rhaetian 
Alps,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Glurns.  Elevation,  12,852 
feet. 

Or'ton,  or  O'verton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, 8i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Appleby.     Pop.  1665. 

Or'ton,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Middle 
Fork  of  Big  Blue  River,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Ortona,  oE-to'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  8 
miles  N.  of  Lanoiano,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  7126.  It  has 
a  cathedral,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  wine. 

OrtonoTO,  OR-to-no'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  14  miles  from  Levante.     Pop.  2405. 

Or'tonville,  a  post-village  in  Brandon  township,  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  furnace,  a  flour-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ortonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Big  Stone  co., 


Minn.,  is  at  the  S.E.  end  of  Big  Stone  Lake,  on  the  Hast- 
ings &  Dakota  Railroad,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Montevideo.  It 
is  surrounded  hj  fertile  prairies.    Pop.  in  1890,  76S. 

Ortrand,  oRt'rint,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  7(1 
miles  E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1471. 

Ornba,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies.    See  Aruba. 

Ornne,  o-roo'n4,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
N.N.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2192. 

Ornro,  o-roo'ro,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  100  miles  N.W.  of 
Sucre,  with  many  churches  and  convents.  Pop.  7980. 
The  department  of  Ornro,  bordering  on  Peru,  is  chiefly  in 
pasturage,  on  which  large  numbers  of  cattle  are  reared, 
and  its  mineral  wealth  is  great. 

Ornst,  o'roost,  an  island  of  Sweden,  stift  and  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Gottenburg,  in  the  Cattegat.  Length,  14  miles ; 
breadth,  10  miles. 

Orvieto,  OR-ve-i'to  (anc.  Urbs  Ve'tut,  or  Herba'num), 
a  city  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  at  the  junction  of  the  Paglia 
and  Chiana,  affluents  of  the  Tiber,  79  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Rome.  Pop.  14,455.  It  stands  on  a  scarped  rock,  and 
haa  a  fine  cathedral,  rich  in  works  of  art,  archbishop's  and 
papal  residences,  and  Etruscan  remains. 
•  Orrigo,  on-vee'go,  or  Orbigo,  or-Bee'go,  a  river  of 
Spain,  rises  in  the  N.  of  Leon,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  right 
bank  of  the  Esla.    Total  course,  SO  miles. 

Or'ril,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  HI.    Pop.  1196. 

Or'ville,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  111. 

Orville,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb. 

Orville,  a  village  in  De  Witt  township,  Onondaga  oo., 
N.Y.,  near  the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  N.  of  Jamesville,  and  5 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a 
tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  157.  Here  is  De  Witt 
Post-Office. 

Orville,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  Orrville. 

Or'well,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  rises  near 
Stowmarket,  flows  generally  southeastward,  and  joins  the 
Stour  at  Harwich.  Above  Ipswich  it  is  generally  called 
the  Gipping. 

Orwell,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Oswego  oo., 
N.Y.,  7  miles  E.  of  Pulaski,  and  about  38  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
<l;c.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  leather,  lumber, 
and  sash  and  blinds,  and  a  pop.  of  1457. 

Orwell,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Ashtabula 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula  <k  Pittsburg  Railroad,  21  miles  N. 
of  Warren,  and  about  46  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  con- 
tains a  normal  institute  and  2  churches.  The  township  ia 
drained  by  Grand  River,  and  has  manufactures  of  cheese, 
carriages,  <kc.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  936. 

Orwell,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orwell  township,  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda.  The  township 
has  a  public  library  and  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1296. 

Orwell,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Addison 
00.,  Vt.,  on  the  Addison  Railroad,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Rutland,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain,  which  forms 
the  W.  boundary  of  the  township.  It  contains  2  churches, 
a  town  hall,  a  national  bank,  a  nigh  school,  and  about  40 
dwellings.  Butter  and  cheese  are  the  staple  products  of 
Orwell.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1265. 

Or'well,  or  Tem'peranceville,  a  post-village  in 
Elgin  CO.,  Ontario,  2i  miles  from  Aylmer.  It  has  a  match- 
factory,  a  foundry,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  &c.     Pop.  220. 

Orwell  Cove,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  18  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Or'wigsburg,  a  post-borough  in  West  Brunswick  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  about  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Potts- 
ville,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Philadelphia  Jb  Reading  Rail- 
road. It  contains  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  cigar- 
factories,  2  shoe-factories,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  728. 

Or' win,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Iiarrisburg. 

Orxiba,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Orjiba. 

Orzhitza,  or  Oijitza,  oR-zhit'zi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava. 

Orzi-Novi,  oRd'ze-no'vee,  or  Orcinovi,  oR'che-no'- 
vee,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Brescia,  near  the  Oglio.  It  has  a  court  of  justice, 
several  public  offices,  2  churches,  a  school,  and  numerous 
mills.     Pop.  5386. 

Orzi- Vecchi,  oRd'zee-vSk'kee,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
the  province  of  Brescia,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Orzi-Novi. 
It  has  a  church,  sanctuary,  and  oratory,  and  the  remains  of 
an  old  fortress. 

Os,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Oss. 

Osacca,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Osaka. 

Osa'ga,  a  railroad  station  in  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas,  at 
the  village  of  Fulton. 


OSA 


2079 


OSB 


Osage,  o^saj'  or  o'saj  (Fr.  pron.  o^zizh'),  a  county  in 
the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Osage  or  Marais  des  Cygnes,  and 
also  drained  by  Dragoon  and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Ninety  per  cent,  of  the  county  is  said 
to  be  prairie.  Indian  corn,  nay,  cattle,  wheat,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  Extensive  mines  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  this  county,  and  limestone  abounds  in 
it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas 
City,  Wyandotte  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Lyn- 
don.    Pop.  in  1870,  7648 ;  in  1880, 19,642 ;  in  1890,  25,062. 

Osage,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  586  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Osage  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Gasconade.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  uneven.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian 
limestone  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  near  its 
N.  border  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Linn. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,793;  in  1880,  11,824^  in  1890,  13,080. 

Osage,  Carroll  co.,  Ark.    See  Fairvibw. 

Osage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  HI.,  about  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Duquoin. 

Osage,  a  township  of  La  Salle  oo.,  111.    Pop.  1176. 

Osage,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Osage  township,  on  the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles 
■City,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Red  Cedar  River,  It  has  2  news- 
paper oflSces,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  4  churches,  an 
academy,  2  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  foundry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  mowers,  reapers,  and  wagons.  Pop.  in  1890, 1913; 
•of  the  township,  2316. 

Osage,  a  'township  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Allen  CO.,  Kansas.     Pop.  527. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas,  Pop.  1036. 
It  contains  Barnesville  and  Glendale. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1149. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  902. 
It  contains  Morehead  and  Timber  Hill. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1022. 
It  contains  Fontana. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  500. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Camden  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  1426.  It 
contains  Linn  Creek. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Cole  co,,  Mo,     Pop.  604. 

Osage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Osage  township,  Crawford  co.. 
Mo.,  near  a  branch  of  the  Maramec  River,  about  20  miles 
W.  of  Potosi.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lead-furnace.  Pop. 
ef  the  township,  784. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  288. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  828.  It 
contains  Brownington, 

Osage,  a  township  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1257. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  965. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.     Pop,  787. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1538. 

Osage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  8  miles  S.  of 
•Syracuse  Railroad  Station. 

Osage,  a  post-ofiice  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex, 

Osage  Agency.    See  Pawhtiska. 

Osage  Av'enue,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pueblo  co,.  Col, 

Osage  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  JeflFerson  City. 

Osage  City,  a  post-town  of  Osage  co,,  Kansas,  on  Salt 
Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  35 
miles  S,  by  W,  of  Topeka,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Emporia, 
It  contains  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  6 
churches,  and  has  manufactories  of  pottery  and  bricks. 
About  400  men  are  employed  here  in  mining  coal,  which  is 
found  near  the  surface.     Pop.  in  1890,  3469. 

Osage  City,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Osage,  and  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  JeS"erson  City. 

Osage  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  northwestward  in  Car- 
roll CO.,  and  enters  King's  River. 

Osage  Fork  of  Gasconade  River,  Missouri,  rises  in 
Texas  co.,  and  unites  with  the  main  stream  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Laclede  co. 

Osage  Fork  of  Marameo  River.    See  Maramec. 

Osage  Iron-Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co., 
Mo.,  35  miles  N.N.W,  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church  and 
an  iron-furnace. 

Osage  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co,.  Ark.,  about 
•20  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.     Here  is  a  flouring-mill. 

Osage  Mission,  mish'un,  a  post-village  in  Mission 


township,  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  and  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  t  Texas  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Parsons,  and  84  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  haa  1  or  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  2  plough-factories,  the  St.  Ann's  Academy  for  girls, 
the  St.  Francis  Institute  for  boys,  and  a  graded  school  with 
a  brick  building  which  cost  $20,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  1097. 

Osage  River  rises  in  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  and  runs 
eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Osage  and  Franklin,  and 
southeastward  through  Miami  and  Linn.  It  passes  next 
into  Bates  co.  of  Missouri,  in  which  state  its  general  di> 
rection  is  nearly  eastward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  St. 
Clair,  Benton,  Camden,  and  Miller,  and  inters  the  Missouri 
River  about  9  miles  below  Jefferson  City.  Its  length  is  es- 
timated at  500  miles,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  in  Mis- 
souri. The  portion  of  it  which  traverses  Kansas  and  West- 
em  Missouri  is  sometimes  called  Maraia  de»  Oygnet.  Small 
vessels  can  ascend  it  in  high  water  nearly  200  miles. 

Osaka,  or  Ozaka,  5'z&-k&,  also  called  Naniwa,  n&- 
ne'wi,  a  city  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  and  on  the  sea, 
37  miles  S.W.  of  Kioto,  to  which,  as  well  as  to  Hiogo  and 
Kob6,  railways  extend.  It  has  a  large  foreign  trade,  both 
direct  and  by  way  of  Hiogo.  It  ships  large  amounts  of  tea, 
silk,  silk-worms'  eggs,  and  copper.  It  has  a  steam  paper- 
mill,  arsenals,  machine-shops,  a  great  castle,  a  city  nail,  a 
mint,  college  and  academy,  and  streets  well  paved  (in 
part)  or  in  some  places  traversed  by  canals,  over  which  are 
more  than  1100  bridges,  some  of  them  of  iron.  The  city 
abounds  in  theatres  and  places  of  amusement,  has  over  1900 
places  of  worship,  and  is  a  great  centre  for  all  kinds  of  na- 
tive manufactures.  It  has  5  newspapers,  and  in  the  town 
and  suburbs  there  are  hundreds  of  schools.  In  point  of 
size  it  is  the  third  or  fourth  of  Japanese  cities ,-  but  in  so- 
cial affairs  and  in  fashion,  as  well  as  in  commerce  and  in- 
dustry, it  takes  the  first  rank.  Pop.,  by  census  returns  of 
1884,  353,970;  in  1890,  476,271. 

Osa'kis,  a  post-'village  in  Osakis  township,  Douglas 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  beautiful  lake  of  the  same  name,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Melrose,  and  about  12  miles  E.  of  Alexandria.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  superior  hotel. 
Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  398. 

Osakis  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  mostly  in  Todd  co.,  and 
touches  the  E.  border  of  Douglas  co.  It  is  7  or  8  milet 
long,  and  is  the  source  of  Sauk  River. 

O^sanip'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  oo.,  Ala.,  9 
miles  S.  of  West  Point,  Ghi.     It  has  3  churches. 

Osasio,  o-si'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  S.  of 
Turin.     Pop.  1254. 

Osawatomie,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.   See  Ossawatomik. 

Osawkie,  a  village  of  Kansas.    See  Ozawkie. 

Osborn,  oz'bum,  a  station  of  the  Connecticut  Central 
Railroad,  in  East  Windsor  township,  Hartford  oo.,  Conn., 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford. 

Osborn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Island  co.,  HI.,  in  Zuma 
township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island 
k  Chicago  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Rock  Island 
Branch,  16  miles  E,  of  the  city  of  Rock  Island,  The  stii- 
tion  at  this  place  is  called  Rock  River  Junction. 

Osborn,  a  village  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  about  42  miles 
N.E.  of  Charles  City. 

Osborn,  a  post- village  in  Colfax  township,  De  Kalb 
CO.,  Mo,,  on  the  Hannibal  <k  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  29  miles 
E.  of  St,  Joseph.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
school-house  which  cost  $10,000.     Pop.  about  500. 

Osborn,  a  post- village  in  Bath  township,  Greene  oo,, 
0,,  on  Mad  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  *  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, lOi  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Co- 
lumbus, Cincinnati  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W, 
of  Springfield,  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  dis- 
tillery.   Pop.  639. 

Osborn,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo,,  Pa,,  on  th«  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  on  the  Ohio  River, 
12  miles  N,W,  of  Pittsburg. 

Osborn,  Colleton  co.,  S.C.    See  Adams  Run. 

Osborn,  a  township  of  Outagamie  oo..  Wis.  Pop.  58T. 
Its  post-office  is  South  Osborn. 

Osborne,  oz'burn,  a  residence  of  the  Queen  of  Great 
Britain,  Isle  of  Wight,  li  miles  from  Cowes. 

Osborne,  oz'bum,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  900  "square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
North  and  South  Forlts  of  Solomon  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Salt  and  Wolf  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
prairie.  Limestone  abounds  here.  Capital,  Oslwme.  Pop. 
in  1830,  12,517;  in  1890,  12,083, 

Osborne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osborne  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River,  in  Penn 


OSB 


2080 


OSG 


township,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
34  miles  W.  of  Beloit.     It  has  a  newspaper  office.    P.  719. 

Osborne  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Osborne  Islands,  a  group  in  Admiralty  Oulf,  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Australia. 

Osborne's,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  about  7  miles  below  Richmond,  and  opposite 
Farrer's  Island.  The  Bright  Hope  Railroad  extends  hence 
to  Clover  Hill  or  Winterpock,  21  miles  distant. 

Osborne's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va., 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Osboru's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Sacondaga  River,  2^  miles  from  Northville  Station, 
and  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Osborn's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on 
Clinch  River,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Osborn's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Va. 

Osbornville,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Osca,  the  ancient  name  of  Huesca. 

Os'car,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  447. 

Oscar,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co.,  Neb. 

Oscar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Oscar  Lake,  a  post-office  and  lake  of  Douglas  co., 
Minn.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Morris. 

Oscarshamn,  or  Oskarshamn,  08'karz-h&mn\  a 
town  of  Sweden,  lasn  of  Ealmar,  on  Ealmar  Sound,  125 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  JSnkoping.  It  has  an  active 
shipping- trade.     Pop.  4805. 

Oscarstad,  os'kaa-st&d\  or  Arvika,  aR-Tee'k&,  a 
town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Carlstad. 

Os^cawan'a,  a  station  in  Westchester  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  New  York. 

Oscela,  Oscelum,  ancient  names  of  Domo  d'Ossola. 

Os^ceo'la,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  border- 
ing on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  403  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Little  Sioux  River  and  Otter  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level  prairie.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Omaha  and  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &,  Northern  Rail- 
roads.   Capital,  Sibley.    Pop.  in  1880,  2219  ;  in  1890,  5574. 

Osceola,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Muskegon  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Pine  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  the  sugar-maple,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  potatoes,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &.  Indiana 
and  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroads.  Capital,  Hersey. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2093;  in  1880,  10,777;  in  1890,  14,630. 

Osceola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mississippi  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  50  miles  by  land  N. 
by  E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1047. 

Osceola,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  is  8  miles  W.  of 
St.  John's  River,  and  near  several  lakes.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Osceola,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  Qa. 

Osceola,  a  village  in  Browning  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
11  miles  S.  of  Vermont.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  saw- 
mill.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Baders. 

Osceola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  111.,  in  Elmira 
township,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Osceola,  a  township  of  Stark  co..  111.     Pop.  1278. 

Osceola,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Kentucky.    See  Oceola. 

Osceola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Osceola  township,  on  the  Burlington  <fe  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  W .  of  Chariton,  and  about  44  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school  and  normal  school,  and 

Srinting-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers,  also  a 
ouring-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2120 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  672. 

Osceola,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  637. 

Osceola,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    See  Oceola. 

Osceola,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  824. 

Osceola,  a  post- village,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  in 
Osceola  township,  on  the  Osage  River,  about  60  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  bank,  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  331 ;  of  the  township,  957. 

Osceola,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Neb.,  near 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Columbus,  and  about  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has 
A  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  947. 


Osceola,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  White  Pin* 
CO.,  Nev.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Osceola,  a  post-village  in  Osceola  township,  Lewis  co.,. 
N.Y.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  Salmon  River,  12  miles  N.  of 
Camden,  and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  churchy 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  of  handles  for  brooms, 
forks,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  649. 

Osceola,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg division  of  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Osceola,  or  Osceola  Mills,  a  post-borough  in  De* 
catur  township,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  Mushannon  Creek, 
and  on  the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Altoona,  and  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Clearfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,^ 
a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  4  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Coal  is  mined  near  this 
place.  Present  pop.  about  2000.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
IS  Osceola  Mills.  On  May  20,  1875,  the  greater  part  of  Os- 
ceola was  destroyed  by  fire,  about  250  houses  being  burned. 

Osceola,  a  post-village  in  Osceola  township,  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Cowanesque  Creek,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  523. 

Osceola,  a  post-office  of  Hill  co.,  Tex. 

Osceola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Va.,  8  milea 
S.E.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a 
tannery. 

Osceola,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington,  6  mile» 
from  Wilke.son  Station. 

Osceola,  or  Oceola,  a  post-office  in  Osceola  township. 
Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lao. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1351. 

Osceola,  or  Osceola  Mills,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Polk  CO.,  Wis.,  in  Osceola  township,  on  the  St.  Croix 
River,  24  miles  above  Stillwater,  Minn.,  and  about  27  miles 
N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.  Steamboats  dailj 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place.    Pop.  300 ;  of  township,  914. 

Osceo'la,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Snake  River,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pembroke.     Pop.  100. 

Osceola  Mine,  a  mining-village  in  Calumet  town- 
ship, Houghton  CO.,  Mich.  Copper  is  mined  here.  Osceola 
Station  is  on  the  Mineral  Range  Railroad,  2  miles  from 
Calumet. 

Osch,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Oss. 

Oscha,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Osha. 

Oschatz,  o'sh&ts,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  on. 
the  railway  from  Leipsic  to  Dresden,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Leipsic.     Pop.  7243.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls,   and   has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  stoneware,  beer,  <fcc. 

Oschersleben,  osh'^rs-li^b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Bode,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on 
the  railway  to  Brunswick.  Pop.  7831.  It  has  a  castle, 
and  some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Oschiri,  os-kee'ree,  or  Oskeri,  os-k&'ree,  a  villago 
of  Sardinia,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2144. 

Oschitz,  osh'its,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Reichenberg.     Pop.  1200. 

Oschinjany,  Russia.  See  Oshmiany. 

Os'co,  a  post-hamlet  in  Osco  township,  Henry  co..  111., 
on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  the 
city  of  Rock  Island,  and  68  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1216. 

Osco,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co..  Neb.,  18  miles  S.  of 
Lowell. 

Osco'da,  a  northern  county  of  Michigan,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Au  Sable 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Lumber,  oats, 
potatoes,  Ac.,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Mio.  Pop. 
in  1870,  70;  in  1880,  467;  in  1890,  1904. 

Oscoda,  a  post-village  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.,  in  Oscoda 
township,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  bank- 
ing-house, 3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  graded 
school,  2  steam  lumber-mills,  2  planing-mills,  and  a  foundry. 
It  is  on  Lake  Huron,  at  the  mouth  of  Au  Sable  River,  and 
adjacent  to  Au  Sable  village.     Pop.  in  1890,  3503. 

Osero,  an  island  of  Austria.    See  Lossna. 

Osero,  o-s&'ro,  a  maritime  town  of  Austria,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  island  of  Lossini,  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  1482. 
It  has  a  fine  cathedral. 

Os^eu'ma,  a  station  in  the  Indian  Territory,  on  th« 
St,  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Vinita. 

Osgood,  oz'good,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad.  b3t 


OSG 


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OSN 


miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  2  drug-stores,  and  a  stone-quarry.     Pop.  about  800. 

Osgood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  ft  lumber-mill. 

Osgoode,  oz'good,  or  Metcalfe,  mSt'k&f,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Osgoode  Sta- 
tion. It  contains  a  drill-shed,  town  hall,  4  stores,  2  hotels, 
2  tanneries,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  350. 

Osha,  Oscha,  or  Ocha,  o'shi,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
issues  from  Lake  Teniz,  government  of  Tobolsk,  and  joins 
the  Irtish  30  miles  below  Tara.     Total  course,  140  miles. 

Oshawa,  osh'a-wa,  a  post-township  of  Nicollet  co., 
Minn.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and 
contains  St.  Peter,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  "Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad.  Pop.  1000. 
Oshawa  Station  on  this  road,  and  Oshawa  Post-Office,  are  10 
miles  W.  of  St.  Peter  and  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mankato. 

Oshawa,  osh'a-wa,  a  village  of  the  county  and  province 
of  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 33i  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  is  an  important  mar- 
ket-town, and  has  manufactories  of  printing-presses,  steam 
engines  and  boilers,  mill-machinery,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, musical  instruments,  furniture,  leather,  wooden- 
ware,  boots  and  shoes,  <fec.,  several  churches,  6  hotels,  a 
number  of  stores,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  branch  banks. 
Oshawa  is  a  port  of  entry.  Its  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario  is 
called  Sydenham.     Pop.  3185. 

Osh'kosh,  a  city,  tne  capital  of  Winnebago  oo..  Wis.,  is 
situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago  and  on  both 
banks  of  Fox  River  (which  here  enters  the  lake),  17  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  80  miles  (81  by  rail)  N.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  49  miles  S.S.W.  of  Green  Bay.  The  ground 
on  which  it  is  built  slopes  gradually  towards  the  lake  and 
river,  and  is  convenient  for  drainage.  Steamboats  can 
ascend  from  Green  Bay  to  this  city,  and  can  pass  in  the 
other  direction  to  the  Mississippi  River  by  means  of  the 
Fox  and  Wisconsin  Rivers.  Oshkosh  is  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  ; 
it  is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  is  the  terminus  of  the  Hor- 
tonville  Branch  of  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western 
Railroad.  It  is  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  a  state  normal  school,  a  higli 
school,  about  16  churches,  3  public  halls,  an  opera-house, 
a  public  library,  3  national  banks,  3  state  banks,  about  10 
saw-mills,  which  cut  76,000,000  feet  annually,  7  sash-, 
door-,  and  blind-factories,  5  furniture-factories,  6  car- 
riage- and  wagon-factories,  several  shingle-mills,  3  flour- 
ing-mills,  5  breweries,  2  tanneries,  4  machine-shops,  3 
foundries,  a  ship-yard,  3  warehouses  for  grain,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  2  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers. 
Oshkosh  is  a  favorite  resort  for  sporting  purposes.  Near 
the  northern  border  of  this  city  is  an  asylum  for  the  insane, 
founded  by  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,663;  in  1880, 
15,748;  in  1890,  22,836. 

Oshmiany,  or  Oschmjany,  osh-m'yi'nee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Vilna.    Pop.  4560. 

Oshmooneyn,  or  Achmouneyn,  osh-moo-nin', 
written  also  Eschmunein,  or  Eshmonneyn,  a  large 
village  of  Egypt,  W.  of  the  Nile,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Hermopolis  Magna.  Lat.  27°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  about  30°  50' 
E.  Pop.  estimated  at  from  4000  to  10,000.  In  its  vicinity 
are  some  highly-interesting  ruins. 

Osh'temo,  or  Os'temo,  a  post-village  in  Oshtemo 
township,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  5  miles 
C3.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1489. 

Osieczno,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Storchnest. 

Osiglia,  o-seel'y4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  about  24  miles  from  Savona.     Pop.  1368. 

Osilo,  o-see'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  Sardinia,  6  miles  E. 
of  Sassari.     Pop.  4738. 

Osima,  o-see'm&,  a  small  island  of  Japan,  40  miles  W. 
of  Matsmai. 

Osima,  a  bay  of  Japan.    See  Odawara. 

Osimo,  oe'e-mo  (ano.  Auximum),  a  town  of  Central 
Italy,  on  a  hill,  near  the  Musone,  9  miles  S.  of  Ancona. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  4853. 

Osino,  o-see  no,  a  station  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Elko,  Nev. 

Osio-di-Sopra,  o'se-o-dee-so'pri,  and  Osio-di- 
Sotto,  o'se-o-dee-sot'to,  two  adjacent  villages  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bergamo.  United 
pop.  2846. 


Osioot,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Sioor. 

Os^kaloo'sa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oskaloosa  township, 
Clay  CO.,  111.,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1171. 

Oskaloosa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
is  in  Oskaloosa  township,  on  the  "  divide,"  or  watershed, 
between  the  Des  Moines  and  South  Skunk  Rivers,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Keokuk  A  Dm 
Moines  Railroad,  62  miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  24  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ottumwa,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albia.  The 
city  is  lighted  with  electric  light,  and  is  well  drained.  It« 
site  is  about  140  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river.  It  con- 
tains 13  churches,  2  high  schools,  the  Oskaloosa  College 
(Christian),  with  a  large  brick  edifice,  Penn  College,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Friends,  organized  in  1873,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  state  banks,  1  private  bank,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  5  weekly  newt- 

?aper8.  The  yearly  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Friends  for 
owa  is  held  here.  Oskaloosa  has  a  grain-elevator,  2  wool- 
len-factories, 2  flouring-mills,  2  planing-mills,  3  foundries 
with  machine-shops,  and  a  mattress-factory.  Here  are 
mines  of  good  coal,  easily  accessible.  Pop.  in  1880,  4598; 
in  1890,  6558 ;  in  1894,  7500 ;  of  the  township,  7830. 

Oskaloosa,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Oskaloosa  township,  about  22  miles  W.8.W.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2  banks, 
a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  churches.  Pop. 
in  1890,  773;  of  the  township,  2019. 

Oskeri,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Oschibi. 

Oskol,  08-kol',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Koorsk,  flows  generally  S.,  and  in  the  government 
of  Kharkov  joins  the  Donets  on  the  left,  about  15  miles  be- 
low Izioom.     Length,  210  miles. 

Oskol,  Russia.    See  Noyoi-Oskol  and  Staroi-Oskol. 

Oslauan,  os'I5w-&n\  or  Oslawauy,  os-l&-M'nee,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Briinn,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Oslawa.     Pop.  2329. 

Os'lo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township.  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  10  miles  S.  of  Kasson. 

Oslo,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Osma,  os'm&  (anc.  Ot'mue),  a  river  of  Bulgaria,  joins 
the  Danube  near  Nicopolis.     Length,  100  miles. 

Os'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles 
N.  of  Ellis  (Ellis  co.).  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Osman,  os'min',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  between  the 
Indus  and  Jhylum  Rivers.     Lat.  33°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  52'  E 

Os'man,  a  post-office  and  station  of  McLean  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago  <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Champaign,  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gibson. 

Osman,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meeme  township,  Manitowoc 
CO.,  Wis.,  7  miles  W.  of  Centreville.     It  baa  a  church. 

Osman- Bazar,  os-m&n'-b&-zar',  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  32  miles  W.  of  Shoomla.     Pop.  5000. 

Osmaiuik,  or  Osmandjik,  os-m&n-jeek',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Amasia,  on  the  Kitil- 
Irmak.     Pop.  5000. 

Osman's,  oz'manz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0., 
about  25  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Osmus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Osma. 

Osnabrtlck,  os'n&-briik\  an  extensive  district  or  land- 
drostei  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  bounded  W.  by  the  Nether- 
lands.    Area,  2411  square  miles.     Pop.  277,761. 

Os'nabruck  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Stormontoo., 
Ontario,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Wales.    Pop.  100. 

Os'nabnrg  (Ger.  Osnabrilck,  os'Bi-brlik'),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  capital  of  the  district  of  Osnabriick,  on 
the  Haase,  an  affluent  of  the  Ems,  at  a  railway  junction, 
74  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hanover.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town.  Principal  edifices, 
the  old  palace,  town  hall,  court-house,  cathedral,  several 
Lutheran  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  2  gymnasia,  a  Lu- 
theran orphan  asylum,  hospitals,  and  a  workhouse.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  tobacco,  chiccory,  soap, 
paper,  and  leather.  Its  chief  trade,  the  export  of  linen 
fabrics  and  cattle,  is  favored  by  its  position  on  the  high 
route  between  Bremen  and  the  Lower  Rhine.  The  treaty 
of  Westphalia,  which  ended  the  Thirty  Years'  War,  was 
negotiated  here  in  1648.  The  bishopric  was  seoularixad  la 
1803,  and  incorporated  with  Hanover.     Pop.  17,532. 

Osnaburg,  Society  Islands.    See  Maitka. 

Osnaburg,  oz'n%-bfirg,  a  post-village  in  Osnabnrf 
township,  Stark  oo.,  0.,  4  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and  about  2i 
miles  S.  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  «k  Chicago  Rsiilroad. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Coal,  iron  ore,  and 
limestone  abound  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2237. 


OSN 


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Osnaburgh  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  21°  54'  S., 
Ion.  138°  59'  34"  W.,  is  14  miles  long,  and  well  wooded. 

Osoblaha,  the  Moravian  name  of  Hotzknplotz. 

Oso'lo,  a  township  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  922. 

Osorkow,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Ozorkow. 

Osorno,  o-soR'no,  a  volcano  of  Patagonia,  W.  coast, 
opposite  the  island  of  Chiloe.    Lat.  41°  S. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  W. 

Osorno,  o-soR'no,  a  river  of  Chili,  rises  in  the  large 
lake  of  Osorno,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Valdivia. 

Osorno,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Llanquihne,  50 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Valdivia.    Pop.  1895. 

Osorno  Mayor,  o-soR'no  mi-oR',  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  Leon,  province  and  32  miles  N.  of  Palenoia.    Pop.  1091. 

Ospedaletto,  08-p4-d4-l5t'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.E,  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1698. 

Ospedaletto,  or  Ospitaletto,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  8  miles  W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2147. 

Ospino,  os-pee'no,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Por- 
tuguesa,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gnanare.     Pop.  6144. 

Oss,  or  Os  (formerly  Osch,  obk),  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc. 

Os'sa  (Gr.  0<ro-a;  modern,  Kisso'vo),  a  mountain  of 
Thessaly,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Peneus,  immediately 
N.  of  Mount  Pelion,  and  bounding,  with  the  opposite  chain 
of  Mount  Olympus,  the  renowned  Vale  of  Tempe. 

Ossa,  os's&,  a  river  of  West  Prussia,  joins  the  Vistula 
near  Graudenz,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles. 

Ossa,  os'sd,  a  bay  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Gilolo,  with  the  village  of  Ossa  on  its  S.  coast. 

Ossa,  os's&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  58  miles 
S.W.  of  Perm,  on  the  Kama.     Pop.  2815. 

Os'sabaw^  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Bryan 
CO.,  Ga.,  at  the  mouth  of  Ogeechee  River,  is  about  10  miles 
long.     Ossabaw  Sound  is  immediately  N.  of  the  island. 

Ossago,  os-s&'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  5  miles 
S.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1194. 

Ossaia,  os-si'i  {i.e.,  the  "bones"),  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Arezzo,  3  miles  S.  of  Cortona,  and  N.  of  the 
Lake  of  Perugia  (anc.  Thrasyme'niu),  From  the  remains 
found  here,  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  site  of  the  famous  vic- 
tory gained  by  the  Carthaginians,  under  Hannibal,  over  the 
Romans,  under  Flaminius,  B.C.  217. 

Ossau,  Gave  de,  Pyrenees.    See  Gave  d'Aspe. 

Oss^aAvat'omie,  or  Os^awat'omie,  a  post-village 
of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Osage  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Paola,  and  about  35  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
a  e«w-mill.  Here  is  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  found«l  by 
the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  2662 ;  of  the  township,  3518. 

Ossekeag,  New  Brunswick.    See  Hampton. 

Os'seo,  a  post-village  in  Jefi°erson  township,  Hillsdale 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hillsdale,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles. 
Pop,  about  300. 

Osseo,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
B.  by  W.  of  Anoka,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  plough-factory.     P.  215. 

Osseo,  a  post-village  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  in  Sum- 
ner township,  on  the  Buffalo  River,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Eau 
Claire.     It  has  2  grist-mills  and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  200. 

Ossero,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic  Sea.    See  Lossini. 

Os'sett-with-Gaw'thorpe,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Wakefield.  It  has 
coal-mines  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  (1891)  10,984. 

Ossi,  os'see,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Su- 
Bari.     Pop.  2169. 

Ossian,  osh'yan,  a  post-village  of  Wells  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Wayne,  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  drug-stores.     Pop.  about  550. 

Ossian,  a  post-village  in  Military  township,  Winne- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Calmar,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Decorah. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Ossian,  or  Ossian  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ossian 
township,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  5  or  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dans- 
ville,  and  about  45  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1144. 

Os'sin,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  flows  into  Rock 
River  in  Dodge  oo.,  near  the  S.  end  of  Horicon  Lake. 

Ossineke,  os-se-neek',  a  post-hamlet  in  Ossineke  town- 
ship, Alpena  co.,  Mich.,  on  Thunder  Bay,  about  100  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Here  are  for- 
ests of  pine,  cedar,  maple,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  110. 


Os'sipee,  a  small  lake  in  Carroll  oo.,  N.H.,  is  about  6 
miles  N.  of  the  village  of  Ossipee. 

Ossipee,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Ossipee  township,  on  the  Portsmouth  &,  Conway  Railroad, 
65  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portsmouth,  and  26  miles  S,  of  North 
Conway.  It  has  5  churches  and  several  saw-mills.  The 
township  contains  other  villages,  named  Centre  Ossipee  and 
West  Ossipee,  and  is  bounded  N.E.  by  the  beautiful  Ossipee 
Lake,  which  is  visited  by  many  tourists  in  summer.  Thi? 
lake  is  about  8  miles  long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1822. 

Ossipee  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  on 
Little  Ossipee  River,  about  30  miles  AY.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  woollen-mill. 

Ossipee  Mountain,  of  Grafton  oo,,  N.H.,  a  range 
lying  immediately  W.  of  Ossipee  Lake. 

Ossipee  River  is  the  outlet  of  Ossipee  Lake,  in  Car- 
roll CO.,  N.H.  It  runs  eastward  into  Maine,  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Oxford  and  York,  and  enters 
the  Saco  River. 

Ossipee  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

Ossona,  os-8o'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan, 
8  miles  N.  of  Abbiategra«so.     Pop.  1107. 

Oflsoree,  os-so'ree  (Hindoo,  Aiooree,  or  Atari),  a  large 
village  of  India,  in  Mysore,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nundy- 
droog.     Near  it  is  a  noble  reservoir. 

Ossnn,  08*sQn»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-PyrSn^es, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  2400. 

O sauna,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Osttna. 

Ostashkov,  or  Ostaschkow,  os-t&sb-kov',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  104  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tver,  on 
Lake  Seligher.  It  is  built  mostly  of  wood,  but  its  public 
edifices  are  handsome  stone  structures,  and  comprise  several 
churches  and  hospitals  and  an  extensive  bazaar.  It  has 
large  salt-  and  spirit-magazines,  malt-houses,  tanneries, 
soap-works,  and  8hip-buil(Ung  docks.     Pop.  10,806. 

Oste,  os'tfh,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  rises  in  the 
W.  of  the  landdrostei  of  LUneburg,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters 
the  estuary  of  the  Elbe  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ottemdorf.  Length, 
80  miles. 

Ostemo,  Kalamazoo  co,,  Mich.    See  Osbtemo. 

Ostend,  os-t4nd'  (Fr.  Ottende,  os^tfiNd'),  a  seaport  town 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  North  Sea,  60  milei 
N.  of  the  North  Foreland  (in  Kent).  Lat.  51°  14'  1'  N.; 
Ion.  2°  55'  5"  E.  It  is  regularly  and  neatly  built,  and  con- 
tains a  citadel  and  bathing-houses,  it  being  a  watering-place 
of  great  popularity.  It  has  a  large  inner  harbor,  docks, 
piers,  and  basins,  oyster  parks,  some  sugar-  and  salt-re- 
fineries, sail-cloth-,  soap-,  and  other  factories,  rope-walks, 
building-docks,  active  fisheries,  and  a  large  trade  in  agri- 
cultural produce.  It  has  regular  steam  communication 
with  London  and  Dover,  and  is  connected  with  Antwerp 
by  the  Great  Belgian  Railway  and  with  Bruges  by  the 
Ostend  &  Bruges  Canal.  It  has  a  high  sea-wall,  or  digue. 
Ostend  was  founded  in  the  ninth  century,  walled  in  1445. 
and  regularly  fortified  in  1585  by  the  Prince  of  Orange 
It  sustained  a  memorable  siege  from  1601  to  1604,  during 
which  it  lost  about  50,000  and  the  Spanish  besiegers  more 
than  80,000  men.  Its  walls  and  forts  have  been  demolished. 
Pop,  in  18S6,  21,936;  in  1891,  24,712. 

Os'tend,  a  hamlet  of  MoHenry  co.,  HI.,  about  24  miles 
N.  of  Elgin. 

Ostend,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bell  township,  Clearfield  co.. 
Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Ostenfeld,  os't^n-fiir,  a  village  of  Prussia,  16  miles 
W,S,W.  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  1774. 

Osteodes,  an  ancient  name  of  Ustica. 

Oster,  os't^r,  or  Ostr,  os't'r,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Chernigov,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the 
Desna  at  the  town  of  Oster.     Length,  100  miles. 

Oster,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  44  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Desna,  here  joined  by  the 
Oster.     Pop.  2831. 

Osterbnrg,  os't^r-bSfiRG^  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  a  railway,  47  miles  N.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3633, 

Os'terburg,  a  post- village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  5  miles 
from  Cessna.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

Osterby,  os't§r-bil\  a  small  town  of  Sweden,  la3n  and 
29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Upsal.  It  has  forges  and  smelting- 
bouses  for  the  iron  from  the  mine  of  Dannemora. 

Os'terdock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co,,  Iowa,  on 
Turkey  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  Jt 
Minnesota  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Osterfeld,  08't9r-ffilt\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1542, 

Ostergothland,  or  Ostergotland.  See  LiNKopiwa. 

Osterhofen,08't9r-ho*f§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  15  mllw 
E.N.E.  ol"  Landau.     Pop.  1452. 


OST 


20S3 


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Osterhout,  "Wyoming  oo.,  Pa.    See  La  Grange. 

Osterode,  os't^h-roM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hano- 
rer,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Leine,  at  the  foot  of  the  Harz,  51 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hanover.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals,  a  gymnasium,  a 
royal  granary,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton 
goods,  table-linens,  long  cloths,  tobacco,  soap,  white  lead,  and 
metallic  and  wooden  wares,  with  breweries,  distilleries,  and 
tanneries.     Pop.  5658. 

Osterode,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Konigsberg,  on  Lake  Drewenz.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  beer,  and  liquors.     Pop.  6746. 

Osteroe,  os't§r-o^  or  os't^r-b^^h,  one  of  the  Faroe 
Islands. 

Osterreich,  the  German  name  of  Austria. 

Oster-Risoer,  os't^r-ree'so^^r,  a  seaport  town  of  Nor- 
way, stift  and  60  miles  N.E.of  Christiansand,  on  the  Catte- 
gat.     Pop.  2216.       .. 

Ostersund,  or  Ostersand,  os't^r-soond^  a  town  of 
North  Sweden,  capital  of  Jemtland,  112  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Hernosand.     Pop.  2212.     See  Jemtland. 

Os'terville,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  30  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It 
has  a  large  hotel,  2  churches,  a  boat-yard,  and  a  number  of 
cottages. 

Osterwick,  os't^r-^ik*,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3375. 

Osthammer,  ost-him'm§r,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  Isen  and  65  miles  N.  of  Stockholm. 

Ostheim,  or  Gross  Ostheim,  groce  ost'hime,  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Pranconia,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Aschaflfenburg,     Pop.  2584.     See  also  Klein  Ostheim. 

Ostheim-vor-der-Rhon,  ost'hime-voR-dfiK-ron,  a 
town  of  Saxe-Weimar,  principality  and  87  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eisenach.  It  is  enclosed  with  walls,  and  has  a  college  and 
a  hospital.     Pop.  2430. 

OsthofeU)  ost'ho^fjn,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Rhein-Hessen,  near  the  Rhine,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worms. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  2879. 

Ostia^  os'te-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  at  the  S.  mouth  of 
the  Tiber,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rome.  The  ancient  city,  li 
miles  distant,  was  in  former  times  the  principal  port  of 
Rome.   From  its  site  many  sculptures  have  been  recovered. 

OstiakS)  os'te-ak8\  a  people  in  the  S.  part  of  Siberia, 
between  the  Irtish  and  Yenisei  Rivers. 

OstianO)  os-te-4'no,  or  Ustiano,  oos-te-1'no,  a  town 
of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Canneto.     Pop.  3318. 

Ostiglia,  os-teel'yi  (ane.  Hoatilia),  a  town  of  Italy, 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4559. 

Ostr,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oster. 

Ostra,  os'tri,  Ostrau,  os'trow,  or  Ostrawa,  os- 
tri'^i,  a  town  of  Moravia,  6  miles  S.S.W,  of  Hradisch,  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  March.  Pop.  3409.  Here  is  a 
castle,  the  property  of  Prince  Liechtenstein. 

Ostrau'der,  a  post-village  in  Scioto  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  0.,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Delaware  with  Dayton,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  former. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ostrasia,  os-tri'she-a  (Pr,  Ostrasie,  osHri^zee'),  or 
Austrasiaj  aws-tri'she-a  (Fr.  Auatraaie,  SsHri'zee'),  the 
most  eastern  of  the  portions  into  which  the  empire  of 
Charlemagne  was  divided  by  his  successors.  It  appears  to 
have  extended  from  the  Meuse  on  the  W.  to  the  Bohmer- 
wald  Mountains  on  the  E.,  and  to  have  included  the  W. 
part  of  the  archduchy  of  Austria.  The  name  is  derived 
from  the  Teutonic  ost  or  oeter,  "  eastern,"  being  from  the 
same  root  as  Austria  ( Oeaterreich :  i.e.,  "  eastern  king- 
dom"). In  like  manner,  Neustria  is  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  we»t  (Fr.  Oueat),  the  initial  N  being  prefixed 
perhaps  for  the  sake  of  euphony,  or  for  more  clearly  mark- 
ing the  distinction  between  this  name  and  Austria  or  Oa- 

traaia. Adj.  and   inhab.   Ostbasian,  os-tri'she-§,n,  or 

AusTRASiAN,  aw8-tr4'she-an. 

Ostrau,  os'trSw,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Ostrawitza, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Weisskirchen.     Pop.  1803. 

Ostrau,  or  Ostrawa,  Moravia.    See  Ostra. 

Ostritz,  os'trits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Neisse,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  1545. 

Ostrog,  08-trog'  {i.e.,  a  "palisaded  fort"),  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Gorin,  100  miles  W.  of  Zhito- 
meer.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  has  an 
ancient  castle.     Pop.  7910,  of  whom  many  are  Jews. 

Ostrogoisk,  Ostrogojsk,  os-tro-goisk',  or  Ostra- 
gaschesk,  os-tri-gi-shfisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  59  miles  S.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Sosna  Tikhaia. 
Pop.  9904.     It  has  extensive  magazines  and  cattle-fairs. 

Ostrogothia,  Sweden.     See  Linkoping. 


Ostrok,  08-trok',  a  remarkable  convent  of  Montenegro, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Cattaro.  It  is  built  in  a  spacious  cavern 
on  the  side  of  a  cliflF  which  rises  400  feet  above  it,  and  ia 
the  great  stronghold  and  chief  powder-magazine  of  the 
Montenegrins.  In  1768  it  was  defended  by  30  men  azainst 
30,000  Turks. 

Ostrolenka,  08-tro-lfin'k4,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Lomza,  86  miles  N.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Narew 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  6865. 

Ostrov,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Schlackenwerth. 

Ostrov,  or  Ostrow,  os-trov'  (i.e.,  "island"),  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  S.  of  Pekov,  on  an 
island  formed  by  the  Velikaia.     Pop.  3625. 

Ostroviec,  or  Ostrowez,  os'tro-vfitz',  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  government  of  Radom,  15  miles  N.  of 
Opatow.     Pop.  4918. 

Ostrovizza,  os-tro-vit's4,  or  Ostrovitz,  os'tro-vite' 
a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Unna. 

OstroTUO,  08-trov'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  DUna. 

O strove,  os-tro'vo,  a  small  town  of  European  Turkey, 
on  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  31  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Monastir. 

Ostrow,  os'trov,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lomza.     Pop.  6142. 

Ostrowo,  08-tro'^o,  a  town  of  Prussia,  67  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Posen.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
Pop.  8339. 

Ostrnmja,  os-troom'j4,  a  town  of  European  Turkey 
53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghiustendil. 

Ostrzeszow,  the  Polish  name  of  Schildberg. 

Ostsee,  or  Oestsee  ("East  Sea").    See  Baltic  Sea. 

Ostuni,  os-too'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 
24  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Brindisi.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  numerous  churches  and  convents.     Pop.  16,295. 

Osuna,  o-soo'n4,  or  Ossuua,  os-soo'n4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  43  miles  E.  of  Seville.  It  stands  on 
the  declivity  of  a  hill  crowned  with  a  castle,  and  has  4  hos- 
pitals and  2  sets  of  barracks.  It  had  formerly  a  university, 
and  is  important  as  a  military  post.  Trade  chiefly  in  corn, 
oil,  wine,  fruit,  rush-wares,  and  capers.     Pop.  15,130. 

Os'waldtAVisUle,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  3 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Blackburn,  with  cotton-mills.     Pop.  10,283. 

Oswayo,  os-wa'o,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  in 
Oswayo  township,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  about  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Emporium,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Wellsville, 
N.Y.     It  has  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  300 ;  of  township,  629. 

Oswayo  Creek  rises  in  Potter  co..  Pa.,  runs  N.W., 
and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  at  Olean,  N.Y. 

Oswegatchie,  os-we-gatch'e,  a  township  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  13,204.  It  contains  Ogdensburg  and 
Heuvelton. 

Oswegatchie  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  N. 
border  of  Herkimer  co.,  and  soon  enters  or  expands  into 
Cranberry  Lake,  in  St.  Lawrence  oo.  From  this  lake  it 
runs  westward  to  Oxbow,  Jefferson  co.,  where  it  abruptly 
changes  its  course  to  the  N.E.,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
River  at  Ogdensburg.     It  is  nearly  130  miles  long. 

Oswe'go,  a  county  of  New  York,  situated  at  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Ontario,  has  an  area  of  about  962  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  Oneida  River, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Oswego  and  Salmon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple, 
pine,  oak,  ash,  elm,  beech,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  cheese,  cattle,  lumber, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  The  rock  found 
next  to  the  surface  is  Silurian  sandstone,  a  good  material 
for  building.  This  county  has  many  flouring-mills,  the 
annual  product  of  which  is  very  large.  It  is  intersected  in 
various  directions  by  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  the  New  York,  Ontario  A  Western  Railroad,  and 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad ;  also  by 
the  Oswego  Canal.  Capital,  Oswego.  Pop.  in  1870,  77,941 : 
in  ISSO,  77,911;  in  1890,  71,883. 

Oswego,  a  post-office  of  Alturas  <to.,  Idaho. 

Oswego,  a  post- village  in  Oswego  township,  Kendall 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Fox 
River  Line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad, 
6  miles  below  Aurora,  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  carriages, 
and  windmills.     Pop.  750 ;  of  the  township,  1756. 

Oswego,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  3  miles  from  Leesburg  Stotion,  and 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Oswego,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Labett*  oo.,  Kansat, 
in  Oswego  township,  on  the  ^\ .  bank  cf  thf  !'t••^£>  River, 


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and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Parsons,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Cbetopa.  It  has  a  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  banking-houses,  5  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  soap.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2351 ;  in  1890,  2574. 

Oswego,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  situated  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Oswego  River,  which  divides  it  into  two 
nearly  e(j|ual  parts.  Lat.  43°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  76°- 35'  "W.  By 
railroad  it  is  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse,  243  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York,  and  182  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  is 
the  most  popnlons  city  on  Lake  Ontario,  except  Toronto, 
Canada.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  which  is  formed  by  the 
mouth  of  the  river,  is  sheltered  by  long  and  costly  piers, 
on  two  of  which  light-houses  have  been  erected,  and  is 
defended  by  Fort  Ontario.  The  water  in  the  harbor  is  from 
10  to  20  feet  deep.  Oswego  is  the  northern  terminus  of 
the  Oswego  Canal,  which  connects  at  Syracuse  with  the 
Erie  Canal,  and  is  connected  with  New  York  City  by  the 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Rome,  Water- 
town  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  The  latter  is  now  a  part  of 
the  New  York  Central  system,  and  is  leased  to  the  Central 
for  a  term  of  ninety-nine  years  from  1890.  The  site  of 
this  city  is  elevated  and  moderately  uneven,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  a  bluff  or  escarpment,  which  is  160  feet  higher 
than  the  lake  and  affords  good  situations  for  residences. 
The  streets  are  100  feet  wide  and  intersect  one  another  at 
right  angles.  Three  bridges  across  the  river,  one  a  raihoad 
bridge,  connect  the  eastern  and  western  portions  of  the 
city.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  city  hall,  of 
stone,  the  court-house,  the  custom-house,  and  the  post-office. 
A  large  and  elegant  hotel  has  been  erected  here  over  a 
medicinal  spring.  Oswego  contains  22  churches,  the  Os- 
wego City  Library,  a  high  school,  the  Oswego  State  Normal 
and  Training  School,  a  public  school  library,  2  national 
banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  a 
•weekly,  a  semi-weekly,  and  2  daily  newspapers. 

There  is  comparatively  little  commerce  at  this  port,  but 
it  is  an  important  depot  for  the  shipment  of  coal  by  lake 
and  rail.  Its  flour-mills  and  elevators,  once  extensive,  have 
mostly  been  burned  down.  Within  the  limits  of  this  city 
the  river  has  a  fall  of  34  feet,  affording  immense  hydraulic 

Eower,  and  the  fall  is  distribated  by  6  successive  dams  built 
y  the  state  for  canal  navigation.  The  numerous  large  lakes 
of  which  it  is  the  outlet  operate  as  reservoirs,  which  prevent 
extreme  variations  in  the  height  of  the  river,  so  that  de- 
structive freshets  never  occur  here.  Oswego  has  several 
ironlpfoundries,  machine-shops,  a  match-factory,  immense 
box-shops  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  shade-cloth  works, 
cotton-  and  woollen-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  corn-starch 
which  employs  nearly  700  operatives  and  is  said  to  prodaoa 
33  tons  daily.     Pop.  in  1880,  21,116  ;  in  1890,  21,842. 

Oswego,  a  post- village  of  Clackamas  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  a  church,  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron.  It  has 
great  water-power.     Pop.  about  100. 

Oswego  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego  City.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Oswego  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Granby  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Oswego  River, 
opposite  Fulton  (with  which  it  is  connected  by  2  iron 
bridges),  and  on  the  Oswego  &,  Syracuse  Railroad  and  the 
Oswego  Canal,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  serges, 
prunella,  or  lasting,  and  other  goods.     Pop.  in  1890,  1821. 

Oswego  River,  New  York,  is  formed  by  the  Seneca 
and  Oneida  Rivers,  which  unite  near  Phoenix,  about  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  runs  nearly  northwestwari^ 
through  Oswego  oo.,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario  at  the  city  of 
Oswego.  It  is  24  miles  long,  and  descends  about  120  feet 
in  that  distance.  It  carries  a  large  volume  of  water,  and 
is  the  general  outlet  of  15  lakes,  among  which  are  the 
Oneida,  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Canandaigna,  Owasco,  and  Eeuka. 
This  river  is  connected  with  the  Oswego  Canal,  and  affords 
abundant  water-power. 

Oswestry,  oz'^s-tre,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop, 
at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  It 
has  an  ancient  grammar-school,  a  national  school,  several 
charities,  a  town  hall,  a  prison,  and  a  theatre.  Its  name  is 
derived  from  that  of  Oswald,  the  Christian  king  of  North- 
umbria,  slain  here  in  642.     Pop.  7306. 

Os^wich'ee,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ala. 

Oswiecin,  Austrian  Galicia.    See  Auschwitz. 

Osy'ka,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Chi- 
pnjjo,  St.  Louis  &  New  Orleans  Railroad,  88  miles  N.  by  W. 


of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  4  or  5 
churches.     Cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  550. 

Oszik,  the  Slavonic  name  of  Eszek. 

Otabalo,  a  town  of  Ecuador.    See  Otavalo. 

Otago  (o-t4'go)  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  South  Island, 
New  Zealand,  is  important  on  account  of  the  towns  of 
Dunedin  and  Port  Chalmers,  which  are  situated  on  its 
shores.     It  gave  name  to  the  province  of  Otago. 

Otaha,  o'ti-hi\  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  Pacific 
Ocean,  N.  of  Raiatea. 

Otaheite,  Society  Islands.    See  Tahiti. 

Otaki,  o-t&'kee,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia, 
on  the  Dniester,  3  miles  S.  of  Moheelev.     Pop.  1570. 

Otavalo,  o-t&-v&'lo,  Otabalo,  o-t&-Bfi,'lo,  or  Oto- 
valo,  o-to-v4'lo,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  30  miles  N.  of  Quito. 
It  was  ruined  by  an  earthquake  in  1868,  at  which  time  it 
had  7000  inhabitants,  of  whom  6000  perished  outright,  and 
not  a  building  was  left  standing. 

Otchakov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ochakoy. 

Otea,  o-t4'&,  or  Great  Barrier  Island,  in  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  New  Zealand, 
at  the  E.  entrance  of  Hauraki  Qulf.  It  is  about  20  miles 
long  from  N.  to  S.,  by  8  miles  broad. 

Ote'go,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  111.     Pop.  903. 

Otego,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wells. 

Otego,  a  post-village  in  Otego  township,  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Albany  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton,  and 
about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  about  800. 
The  township  contains  also  Otsdawa,  and  a  pop.  of  1972. 

Otego  Creek,  New  York,  runs  southward  in  Otsego 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  near  Oneonta. 

Otero,  o-tA'ro,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mex- 
ico, on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Othel'lo,  a  hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Rochester. 

Othello,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Tunica  oo..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  W.  of  Hernando. 

Othieri,  a  town  of  Sardinia.    See  Oziebi. 

O'tho,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Otho,  a  post-office  in  Otho  township,  Webster  co.,  Iowa, 
about  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  479.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Othrys,  a  mountain-range  of  Greece.    See  Hellovo. 

O'tis,  a  post-village  in  New  Durham  township.  La 
Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  49 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  8^  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Otis,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  246. 

Otis,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otis  township,  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  865. 

Otis,  township,  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  148. 

Otis,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Otis'co,  a  post- village  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ind.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Jlailroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Jeffersonville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Otisco,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otisco  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  Flat  River,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Kiddville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  union  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1684. 

Otisco,  a  post-township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  724.  Otisco  Post-Office  is  on  the  Le  Sueur 
River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Mankato. 

Otisco,  a  post-village  in  Otisco  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  nigh  ridge,  about  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Syra- 
cuse. The  township  contains  a  village  named  Amber,  has 
4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1534. 

Otisco  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Onondaga  co.,  about  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  has 
an  average  width  of  half  a  mile. 

Otisco  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

O'tisfield,  a  post-bamlet  in  Otisfield  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1099. 

O'tisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  is  park- 
in Vernon  township,  Wright  co.     It  has  a  cheese-factory 

Otisville,  a  post-village  in  Forest  township.  Gen-" 


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CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  River  division  of  the  Flint  &  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Otter  Lake  Junction, 
and  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  lum- 
ber-mill, 3  stores,  a  grist-mill,  Ao.     Pop,  in  1890,  277. 

Otisville)  a  post-village  in  Mount  Hope  township, 
Orange  co,,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Port  Jervis,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  drug-stores.  Pop.  about  500. 
Otivar,  o-te-van',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  about  30  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1538. 

Ot'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  2  railways,  9J  miles  N.W.  of  Leeds.  The  town  is  beau- 
tifully situated  in  the  vale  of  the  Wharfe.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  a  spacious  church,  a  small  grammar-school,  and 
manufactures  of  worsteds  and  woollens.     Pop.  5855. 

Ot'ley,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township,  Marion  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Pella.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  176. 

Ot'o,  a  post-office  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala. 
Oto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Little  Sioux  River,  about  32  miles  S.B.  of  Sioux  City.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-factory. 
OtO)  a  post-office  of  Stone  co..  Mo. 
O'toe,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bordering 
on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  609  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  the  Little 
Nemaha  River  and  several  affluents  of  that  stream.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
groves  of  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  deep,  cal- 
careous, and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
barley,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
prairies  of  this  county  are  more  extensive  than  the  wood- 
land. Limestone  is  abundant  here.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Nebraska  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,345;  in  1880,  15,727;  in  1890,  25,403. 

Otoe  Agency,  a  post-office  of  (Jage  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Lincoln.     Here  is  an 
Indian  village  of  the  Otoe  and  Missouria  tribes. 
Otomacos.     See  Ottomacs, 
Otoo,  or  Otou,  New  Zealand.     See  Cape  North. 
Otoque,  o-to'ki,  a  small  island  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  8°  30'  N.;  Ion.  80°  20'  W. 
Otovalo,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Otatalo. 
Otranto,   o-trin'to    (Fr.   Otrante,  oHrfiNt';    anc.  Hy- 
drun'tum),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Strait  of  Otranto, 
opposite  Cape  Linguetta  (in   Albania),  province   and   22 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lecce.     Lat.  40°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  29' 
E.     It  has  an  ancient  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  palace, 
and  some  Roman  antiquities.     In  1480  it  was  sacked  by 
the  Turks.     Its  harbor  is  deep  and  good.     Pop.  2092. 
Otranto,  a  province  of  Italy.     See  Lecce. 
Otran'to,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otranto  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Austin, 
Minn.     It  has  a  church.     The  township  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Mona,  and  a  pop.  of  834. 

Otranto,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  North- 
eastern Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Otranto  Station,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Io\ra, 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 

Otrar,  ot-rar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Ferghana, 
on  the  Jaxartes,  50  miles  W.  of  Toorkistan.  Lat.  44°  N. ; 
Ion.  67°  E. 

Otricoli,  o-tree'Ko-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  26 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Spoleto,  on  a  hill  beside  the  Tiber.  Near 
it  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Ocric'ulum.  Pop.  1498. 
Otschakow,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Ochakov. 
OtsMa'wa,  a  post-village  in  Otego  township,  Otsego 
eo.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Otse'go,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  partly 
surrounded  by  high  hills  and  picturesque  soenery.  It  is 
about  9  miles  long,  with  an,  average  width  of  li  miles,  and 
is  1193  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  Cooperstown 
is  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  this  lake.  Its  outlet  is  the 
Susquehanna  River,  which  rises  in  this  vicinity. 

Otsego,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Au  Sable 
and  Cheboygan  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearlv  level,  and  is  diversified  with  forests 
and  small  lakes.  Tne  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Gaylord,  the  capital.  P.  in  1880, 1974 ;  in  1890, 4272. 
Otsego,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 


the  W.  by  the  Unadilla  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  8iu- 
quehanna  River,  which  rises  in  Otsego  Lake  in  this  oonnty, 
also  by  Charlotte  River  and  Butternut  and  Schenevui 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high,  broad  ridgea 
and  long,  deep  valleys  which  are  mostly  rather  wide.  For- 
ests of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  ash,  beech,  elm,  and  other 
trees  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  its  area,  vii.,  143,817  acres. 
The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy -farming.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  hops,  Indian  com,  cattle,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  Sandstone  and  comiferous  limestone  (De- 
vonian) underlie  part  of  this  county.  Among  its  other 
minerals  is  fine  Onondaga  limestone,  a  good  building-stone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Canal  Com- 
pany's Railroad  and  the  Cooperstown  4  Charlotte  Valley 
Railroad.  The  New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railroad 
touches  its  S.W.  corner,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  k 
Western  Railroad  penetrates  its  N.  boundary.  Capital, 
Cooperstown.  Pop.  in  1880,  51,397;  in  1890,  50,861. 
Otsego,  a  township  of  Stenben  co.,  Ind.  P(^  1818. 
Otsego,  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  See  Oelweih. 
Otsego,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  township,  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Kalamazoo  di- 
vision of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Allegan,  and  43  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  banking-house,  3  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  chair-fac- 
tory, a  woollen-mill,  a  hoe-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  994;  of  the 
township,  2118.     Here  are  magnetic  springs. 

Otsego,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otsego  township,  Wright  oo., 
Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  3  miles  from  Elk  River 
Station,  and  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  637. 

Otsego,  a  township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  4470.  It 
contains  Cooperstown,  Fly  Creek,  Oaksville,  and  Toddsville. 
Otsego,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.  Pop.  111. 
Otsego,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otsego  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Doylestown  Station  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Portage  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1442. 

Otsego  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  Lake  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A  Saginaw 
Railroad,  107  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  and  2  lumber-mills.  It  is  on  the 
beautiful  Otsego  Lake,  which  is  5  miles  long.  Pine  timber 
abounds  in  this  vicinity.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880, 
696;  in  1890,  641. 

Otse'lic,  a  small  river  of  New  York,  rises  in  Madison 
CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through  the  cos.  of  Chenango 
and  Cortland,  and  enters  the  Tioghnioga  River  about  Irt 
miles  N.  of  Binghamton. 

Otselic,  a  post-village  in  Otselic  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  1  mile  from 
Otselic  Station  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  MidUnd  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  several  churches. 
Pop.  about  125;  of  the  township,  1567. 

Otselic  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otselic  township, 
Chenango  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 
OtshakOT,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ochakov. 
Ott,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 
Ottaiano,  Ottc^ano,  ot-t4-y&'no,  or  Ottojano, 
ot-to-yi'no  (anc.  Octavia'num  t),  a  town  of  Italy,  at  the 
N.E.  foot  of  Vesuvius,  12  miles  E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  4111. 
Ottakring,  ot'tA-kring\  written  also  Ottokrin,  or 
Aderkling,  a  town  of  Austria,  3  miles  W.  of  Vienna. 
Pop.  21,629. 
Otta  Quechee,  a  river  of  Vermont.    See  Qobchrb. 
Ottawa,  ot't^-wi,  a  small  river  of  Ohio,  in  Lnoas  oo., 
runs  E.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  6  miles  N.E.  of  Toledo. 

Ottawa,  ot't^-w^  a  large  river  of  Canada,  rises  near  lat. 
48°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  80°  W.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward, 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Ontario  and  Quebec.  Below 
the  city  of  Ottawa  it  flows  eastward,  and  enters  the  St. 
Lawrence  River  about  25  miles  above  Montreal.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  700  miles.  Its  na\-igation  is  obstruoted  by 
rapids  and  cataracts,  but  has  been  improved  by  dams,  Ai. 
At  the  city  of  Ottawa  this  river  presents  a  cataract,  called 
ChaudiSre  Falls.  The  Ottawa  is  the  channel  of  a  veiy 
large  trade  in  lumber  (which  is  out  on  its  banks),  and  is 
connected  with  Lake  Ontario  by  the  Rideau  Canal. 

Ottawa,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Solomon 
and  Saline  Rivers,  which  run  southeastward.  The  surfaoe  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  produoU.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies,  among  which  groves  are  dis- 
tributed along  the  rivers  and  creeks.    CapiUl,  Minneapolis, 


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jn  the  Solomon  River.  Pop.  in  1S70,  2127 ;  in  1875,4429; 
in  1877,  5489;  in  1880,  10,307;  in  1890,  12,581. 

Ottawa^  a  oounty  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake 
Michigan,  and  intersected  by  Grand  River,  which  runs  in 
a  N.W.  direction  through  the  county  and  enters  Lake  Mich- 
igan, and  partly  drained  by  Black  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  & 
Milwaukee  Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Rail- 
road, and  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital, 
Grand  Haven.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,651;  in  1874,  29,929;  in 
1880,  33,126;  in  1890,  35,358. 

Ottawa^  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  borders  on 
Lake  Erie.  Area,  about  311  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Sandusky  Bay,  and  is  intersected  by 
Portage  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  oats,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  is  Silurian  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  and  the 
Wheeling  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railroad.  Capital,  Port  Clinton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,364;  in  1880,  19,762 ;  in  1890,  21,974. 

Ottawa,  a  oounty  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
5705  square  miles.  The  Ottawa  River  forms  its  S.  and  S.W. 
boundary.  This  county  is  watered  by  the  rivers  Petit 
Nation,  Lidvre,  Gatineau,  and  many  small  streams.  Capi- 
tal, Hull.    Pop.  37,892. 

Ottawa,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  La  Salle  oo., 
is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Illinois  River,  just  below 
the  mouth  of  Fox  River,  S3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and 
98  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &,  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad.  It  is  also  connected  with 
Chicago  by  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  and  has  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  grain  and  other  products.  This  city  con- 
tains a  court-house,  13  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national 
banks,  a  private  bank,  8  large  public  school-houses,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  glass,  building-tile,  terra-cotta, 
crockery,  pottery,  drain-tile,  bricks,  cigars,  agricultural  im- 
plements, lumber,  carriages,  <!bc.,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  and  a  monthly  trade 
(pottery)  journal.  Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880,  7834 ;  in  1890, 
9985. 

Ottawa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Osage  River,  and  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Gal- 
veston Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Lawrence,  25  miles  N.  of  Gar- 
nett,  and  53  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City.  A  branch  of  the 
railroad  above  named  extends  from  this  place  northeast- 
ward to  Olathe  and  Kansas  City,  and  another  railroad  ex- 
tends to  Burlington.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches, 
an  institution  called  Ottawa  University,  large  machine- 
shops  of  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  a  fine 
public  park,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  asd  manufactures 
of  carriages,  furniture,  and  soap.  The  river  is  here  crossed 
by  a  suy)en8ion-bridge  and  a  railroad-bridge.  Coal  abounds 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  4032:  in  1890,  6248. 

Ottawa,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  489. 
Post-office,  Coal  Creek. 

Ottawa,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  township,  Le  Sueur 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul 
<fc  Sioux  City  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  633. 

Ottawa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  in 
Ottawa  township,  on  Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize 
River,  and  on  the  Dayton  &,  Michigan  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  of  Lima,  and  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  high 
school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  manu- 
factories of  sash,  blinds,  hubs,  spokes,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1717;  of  the  township,  3381. 

Ottawa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ottawa  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  33  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Milwaukee.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  893. 

Ot'tawa,  a  city  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  and  of  Carleton  co.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Ottawa  River,  at  the  convergence  of  sev- 
eral railways,  120  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montreal,  425  miles 
from  Boston,  and  469  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  cities  of  Ontario,  being  the  entrepdt 
of  the  great  lumber-trade  of  the  Ottawa  River,  which  here 


forms  the  splendid  Chaudidre  Falls  (200  yards  wide  and 
40  feet  high),  and,  with  its  tributary,  the  Gatineau,  sup- 
plies the  motive-power  for  the  numerous  lumber-mill.?, 
flour-mills,  factories,  4o.  The  Rideau  Canal,  which  was 
made  in  1827,  passes  through  the  city,  extending  hence 
through  the  Rideau  Lakes  to  Kingston,  on  Lake  Ontario. 
Lumbering  is  the  principal  industry  of  Ottawa  and  its 
vicinity,  thousands  of  men,  in  the  winter  season,  being 
engaged  in  cutting  timber  and  drawing  it  to  the  streams 
in  readiness  for  the  spring  freshets  to  carry  to  the  Ottawa 
mills.  The  cut  of  timber  in  some  seasons  is  estimated  as 
high  as  800,000,000  feet.  Flour,  iron-ware,  bricks,  leather, 
and  matches  are  also  among  the  manufactures.  Ottawa  has 
numerous  churches,  and  contains  the  residences  of  the 
governor-general,  the  bishop  of  Ontario  (Church  of  Eng- 
land), and  the  Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  Ottawa.  The 
educational  facilities  include  a  normal  school,  a  collegiate 
institute  (both  public),  a  large  college  conducted  by  the 
Oblate  Fathers,  a  ladies'  college,  a  musical  academy,  an 
art  school,  besides  parish  and  public  schools,  and  a  well- 
equipped  geological  museum.  The  chief  attraction  is  the 
government  buildings,  of  sandstone,  on  Barrack  Hill,  150 
feet  above  the  river,  the  parliament  building  being  500  feet 
in  length,  the  two  department  buildings  375  feet  long,  and 
the  library,  a  beautiful  detached  circular  building,  with  a 
dome  90  feet  high.  The  two  legislative  halls  are  on  each 
side  of  the  library,  but  in  the  main  building.  The  build- 
ings cover  nearly  4  acres,  and  cost  about  $8,000,000.  Five 
daily  newspapers  are  published  in  Ottawa.  A  fine  suspen- 
sion-bridge spans  the  river  just  above  the  Chaudi^re  Falls. 
The  city  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  two  to  the  provincial  legislature.  Pop.  in  1861, 14,669 ; 
in  1871,  21,545;  in  1881,  31,807;  in  1891,  44,154. 

Ottawa  Creek,  Ohio,  intersects  Allen  co.,  from  which 
it  runs  N.  into  Putnam  co.,  and  enters  the  Auglaize  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Kalida.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Ottawa  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  staves 
and  heading.     Here  is  a  lake  2^  miles  long. 

Ottawa  Station,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  about  25  miles 
S.  of  Muskegon. 

Ottenau,  ot't^h-nfiw^  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Gernsbach.     Pop.  1276. 

Ottenbach,  ot't^n-b&K^  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Reuss.     Pop.  1196. 

Ottenheim,  ot't^n-hime^  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Lahr,  on  the  Rhine.  P.  1523. 

Otteusen,ot't9n-s?n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Holstein, 
forming  a  suburb  of  Hamburg,  2  miles  W.  of  Altona.  It 
contains  many  summer  residences  of  Altona  and  Hamburg 
merchants.     Pop.  12,406. 

Ottenstein,  ot't^n-stine\  a  town  of  Brunswick,  on  the 
Weser.     Pop.  1315. 

Ot'ter,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  enters  the 
English  Channel  W.  of  Sidmouth.     Total  length,  24  miles. 

Otter,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  joins  the  Rhine. 

Ot'ter,  a  post-office  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Streator. 

Otter,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  909. 

Otter,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  427.  It 
is  reputed  to  have  beds  of  coal  and  of  zinc  ore. 

Otterbach,  ot't§r-biK^  (O'ber  and  Nieder,  nee'd^r), 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Otterij 
S.  of  Landau.  Pop.  of  Ober  Otterbach,  1302 ;  of  Nieder 
Otterbach,  369. 

Otterbein,  ot't§r-bme,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co., 
Ind.,  in  Bolivar  township,  on  the  Lafayette  <fc  BloomingtoB 
Railroad,  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has 
church,  an  elevator  for  grain,  and  about  30  houses. 

Otterberg,  ot't^r-blRG^  a  town  of  Rhenish   Bavaria,j 
33  miles  N.W.  of  Speyer.    Pop.  2057.    It  has  manufacture 
of  woollen  cloth  and  leather,  and  trade  in  cattle. 

Otterbeuren,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  OxTOBEtrREN. 

Ot'terburu,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Northum-i 
berland,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hexham.     About  half  a  mile 
from  the  village  is  an  obelisk,  marking  the  spot  where  Ea 
Douglas  fell  in  the  battle  of  Chevy  Chase,  in  1388. 

Ot'terburu,  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec 
on  the  Madawaska  road,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Freder^^ 
icton  to  RiviSre  du  Loup,  60  miles  from  Riviere  du  Louj 
en  baa,  and  17  miles  from  Edmundston,  New  Brunswick. 

Ot'ter  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southwestward  througl| 
Macoupin  co.,  and  enters  Macoupin  Creek. 

Otter  Creek,  Indiana,  enters  the  Wabash  River  fron 
the  E.  about  8  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 


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Otter  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  Fall 
River  in  the  S.  part  of  Greenwood  co. 

Otter  Creek,  Missouri.    See  Lotjtre. 

Otter  Creek,  Texas,  flows  into  Trinity  River  from  the 
N.  in  Anderson  co. 

Otter  Creek,  Vermont,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Bennington  co.,  and  runs  nearly  northward,  with  a  small 
deviation  to  the  W.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Rutland  and 
Addison,  and  enters  Lake  Champlain  7  miles  below  Yer- 
gennes.  It  is  about  110  miles  long.  The  chief  towns  on 
its  banks  are  Rutland,  Middlebury,  and  Vergennes. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Gainesville,  and  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Otter  Creek,  Jersey  oo.,  HI.    See  OrrERviLiiB. 

Otter  Creek,  township.  La  Salle  co..  111.    Pop.  1009. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1637. 
It  contains  Holton  and  Poston. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1269. 

Otter  Creek,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  361. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
18  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.     Pop.  886. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  798. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  710. 

Otter  Creek,  township,  Tama  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1043. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Greenwood  eo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  588. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-ofBce  and  station  of  Hardin  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paduoah  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  S.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.     Pop.  560. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Otter  Creek  township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Eau  Claire.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  959. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  oo.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  150. 

Otter  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Lowry  Station. 

Otter  Lake,  a  post-of&ce  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Otter  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Marathon  township, 
Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  a  branch  of  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  shingle- 
mill  and  a  lumber-mill.  Silezine,  used  for  polishing  metals, 
is  found  near  this  place. 

Otter  Lake,  or  Pick'anock,  a  post-village  in  Pon- 
tiac  CO.,  Quebec,  35  miles  N.  of  Sand  Point,  Ontario.   P.  500. 

Otter  Lake  Janction,  a  station  in  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Flint  River  Branch,  4  miles  N.  of  Flint, 
and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Otter  Lake. 

Ottemdorf,  ot't§rn-doKr,  a  town  of  Hanover,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Stade.     Pop.  1800. 

Otter  Peaks,  Virginia.    See  Peaks  op  Ottbb. 

Otter  River,  of  Missouri.    See  Loutrb. 

Otter  River,  Virginia,  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Peaks 
of  Otter,  runs  southeastward  through  Bedford  co.,  and  enters 
the  Staunton  River  in  Campbell  co. 

Otter  River,  a  post-village  in  Templeton  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Vermont  <fc  Massachusetts  Rail- 
road, about  16  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  blankets,  stoves,  &o. 

Otter  River,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Otter  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Ottersberg,  ot't§rs-b5R&^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 


over, 15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  1325 

lip  of  Ed 
Pop.  651 


Otter's  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C. 


Otter  Tail,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  2200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Red 
River  of  the  North,  and  also  drained  by  the  Leaf  and  Peli- 
oan  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  finely  di- 
versified with  prairies,  numerous  lakes,  and  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Near  the  middle 
of  the  county  is  Otter  Tail  Lake,  about  12  miles  long.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
which  connect  at  Fergus  Falls,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1968;  in  1880,  18,675  j  in  1890,  34,232. 


Otter  Tail  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tall  od, 
Minn.,  is  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  lake  of  the  same  name, 
about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorhead. 

Otter  Tail  Lake,  Minnesota,  near  the  middle  of 
Otter  Tail  co.,  is  nearly  12  miles  long,  and  is  situated  in  • 
beautiful  undulating  country,  which  is  diversified  by  fer- 
tile prairies  and  groves  of  oak,  ash,  and  maple.  The  water 
is  good.  Its  outlet  is  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  which 
enters  the  N.E.  end  and  issues  from  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  lake. 

Ot'tervale,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wij. 

Otter  View,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Otter  Village,  a  decayed  village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind^ 
in  Otter  Creek  township,  2  miles  N.  of  Poston. 

Ot'terville,  or  Otter  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jersey 
CO.,  111.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Jerseyville,  and  about  13  milei 
N.W.  of  Alton.     It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Otterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Otterville,  a  post-village  in  Otterville  township,  Cooper 
CO.,  Mo.,  1  mile  from  the  Lamine  River,  and  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  6  dry-goods  stores,  6  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ploughs,  furniture,  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  600. 

Otterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  8  milea 
N.  of  Liberty. 

Ot'terville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  situ 
ated  on  Otter  Creek,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  con- 
tains several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  match-, 
shingle-,  lath-,  and  cheese-factories,  Ac,  and  a  number  of 
stores,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  760. 

Ot'tery  Saint  Mary,  a  town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Otter,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Exeter. 
Pop.  4110.  It  has  a  fine  ancient  church,  a  small  grammar- 
school,  and  manufactures  of  silk  and  ropes. 

Ottiglio,  ot-teel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2162. 

Ottiguies,  otHeen^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 19  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1110. 

Ottmachau,  ott'm4K-6w',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  3484. 

Ot'to,  a  post-hamlet  in  Isabel  township,  Fulton  co., 
111.,  7  miles  W.  of  Havana. 

Otto,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  HI.     Pop.  1356. 

Otto,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 

Otto,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Otto,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  128. 

Otto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.,  in  a  fertile 
prairie,  25  miles  W.  of  Melrose. 

Otto,  or  Wa'verly,  a  post-village  in  Otto  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Cattaraugus  Station, 
and  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1091. 

Otto,  a  township  of  MoKean  co..  Pa.     Pop.  268. 

Otto,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 

Ottobeuren,  ot'to-boi'r^n,  or  Otterbeuren,  ot't^r- 
boiV^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg. 

Ottobiano,  ot-to-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  S. 
of  Mortara.     Pop.  2573. 

Ot'tobine,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Ottojano,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Ottaiano. 

Otto'kee,  a  post-village  in  Dover  township,  Fulton  oo., 
0.,  4  miles  N.  of  Wauseon,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Toledo.  I» 
has  a  church.    The  Fulton  county  infirmary  is  located  here. 

Ottokrin,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Ottakrino. 

Ottomacs,  or  Ottomaques,  otHo-mika'  (Sp.  OtO' 
macoa,  o-to-mi'koce),  a  degraded  and  ferocious  race  of  In- 
dians in  the  W.  part  of  Venezuela. 

Ottoman  Empire.    See  Turret. 

Ottone,  ot-to'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  2S 
miles  N.E.  of  Genoa,  near  the  Trebbia.     Pop.  4393. 

Ot'toville,  a  hamlet  in  Monterey  township,  Putnam  eo., 
0.,  6  miles  N.  of  Delphos.  It  haa  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  Dog  Creek  Post-Office. 

Otts  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish,  La. 

Otts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tinioum  township,  Bucki 
CO.,  Pa.,  40  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Ottnmwa,  ot-tfim'w5,  an  enterprising  city  of  Iowa, 
capital  of  Wapello  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Dea  Moines  River, 
at  the  convergence  of  the  main  lines  or  branches  of  6  im- 
portant railways,  87  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Dea  Moines,  and 
75  miles  from  the  cities  of  Keokuk  and  Burlington  on  the 
Mississippi  River.  It  is  in  the  centre  of  the  great  bituminous 
coal  fields  of  Iowa,  and  is  in  one  of  the  best  agricultural 
regions  of  the  state.    It  baa  20  ohurohea,  4  national,  2 


OTT 


2088 


OUG 


Btate,  and  2  savings-banks,  a  United  States  government 
building,  a  court-house,  erected  (1893)  at  a  cost  of  $150,000, 
a  fine  public  high-school  building,  a  large  packing-house, 
extensive  iron-works,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  daily 
and  10  weekly  newspapers.  To  its  favorable  location  and 
extensive  shipping  facilities  are  due  the  constant  increase 
of  its  importance  as  a  manufacturing  city.  Pop.  in  1880, 
9004;  in  1890,  14,000;  in  1894  (school  census),  over  18,000. 

Ottumwa,  a  post-village  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ot- 
tumwa  township,  on  the  Neosho  River,  about  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Emporia. 
It  is  nearly  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  railroad  which  connects 
those  towns.  It  has  a  high  school  and  a  broom-factor^-. 
Pop.  263 ;  of  the  township,  753. 

Ott'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Bureau  oo.,  HI.,  about  9  miles 
W.  of  La  Salle. 

Ottweiler,  ott'^iM^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  4639. 

Otumba^  o-toom'bS.,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  35 
miles  X.E.  of  Mexico. 

Otura^  o-too'rSi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  S.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1304. 

Ot'way,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Of  well,  a  post- village  of  Pikeoo.,  Ind.,  about  32  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Vinoennes. 

Ouachita,  or  Washita,  wosh\-taw',  a  county  in  the 
S.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  730  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Ouachita  River,  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Little  Missouri  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Cypress  and  Tulip  Bayous.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  yellow  pine.  It  has  many 
thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis  South- 
western Railroad  and  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Camden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,975;  in  1880,  11,758;  in  1890,  17,033. 

Ouachita,  or  Washita,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  644  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Ouachita  River,  which  is  here  navigable 
by  steamboats,  and  the  Bayou  D'Arbonne  enters  the  Oua- 
chita on  the  N.  border  of  this  paHsh.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is  intersected  by 
the  Queen  &  Crescent  Line  and  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,582;  in  1880,  14,685;  in  1890,  17,985. 

Ouachita  (or  Washita)  City,  a  post- village  of  Union 

farish,  La.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  20  miles  above  Monroe. 
t  has  a  hotel  and  3  stores.     Cotton  is  shipped  here. 
Ouachita  (or  Washita)  River  rises  in  the  W.  part 
of  Arkansas,  and  runs  eastward  to  Garland  co.,  which  it  in- 
tersects.   It  next  flows  nearly  southeastward  until  it  crosses 
the  southern  boundary  of  Arkansas,  and  enters  Louisiana 
at  the  northeast  extremity  of  Union   parish.     From  this 
point  it  runs  southward,  intersects  the  parishes  of  Ouachita 
and  Caldwell,  and  enters  Red  River  about  20  miles  (in  a 
direct  line)  from  its  mouth.     Its  length  is  about  550  miles. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Camden,  Ark.,  nearly  300  miles 
from  its  mouth.     The  part  of  this  river  which  is  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Tensas  is  sometimes  called  Black  River. 
Onaday,  the  French  name  of  WadIt. 
Ouad-el-Habid,  Morocco.     See  Wad-el-Habid. 
Ouadi-Noun,  or  Ouady-Noun.    See  Wadinoon. 
Ouad-Medina,atownof  Egypt.  See  Wad-Medina. 
Ouaine,  oo^in',  or  Ouaune,  oo^inn',  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  Yonne,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Loing  near  Montargis. 

Ouaine,  or  Ouanne,  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  at 
the  source  of  the  river  of  the  same  name,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Auxerre.     Pop,  1182. 

Oualan,  Ualan,  oo-&-l&n',  or  Strong's  Island, 
also  called  Kousaie  and  Kusai,  koo-s&'ee,  an  island  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  Carolines.     Mont  Crozet,  2156  feet  in 
height,  is  in  lat.  5°  19'  N.,  Ion.  163°  30'  E.     Length,  about 
10  miles,  by  7  in  breadth.     Pop.  400. 
Onanlin,  or  Ooanlin,  Manohooria.     See  Wanlin. 
Ouap,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Yap. 
Ouaquaga,  o-a-kwi'gg,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2i  miles  from  East  Wind- 
sor Station,  and  about  14  miles  E.  of  Binghamton.     It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  &o. 

Ouargla,  waR'gli,  or  War'gla,  a  town  of  the  Algerian 
Sahara,  in  the  oasis  of  the  same  name,  92  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Gardaia.  Lat.  32°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  20'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by 
a  ditoh  and  a  battlemented  wall  crowned  by  40  two-storied 


forts  and  entered  by  6  gates.  It  contains  a  citadel  and 
several  mosques,  and,  though  very  sickly  and  much  de- 
cayed, is  said  to  have  a  pop.  of  8000. 

Ouba,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Ooba. 

Oubsa  Nor,  a  lake  of  China.    See  Oobsa  Nor. 

Ouch,  or  Ouchi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Oosh. 

Ouche,  oosh  (anc.  Os'ca*),  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  C&te-d'Or,  flows  N.E.  and  S.E.  past  Dijon,  and 
joins  the  Sa8ne  near  Saint-Jean-de-Losne.  Length,  50 
miles.    The  Canal  of  Burgundy  accompanies  it  throughout. 

Ouche,  an  ancient  district  of  Upper  Normandy,  France, 
now  included  in  the  departments  of  Eure  and  Orne. 

Ouchi,  a  town  of  China.     See  Oochek. 

Onchitza,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Ooshitsa. 

Ouchuuganat,  oo'shoo-gi-nit'  (?),  or  Mount  Saint 
Augustine,  s§nt  aw'gus-teen*,  an  island  of  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  off  Alaska.     Lat.  59°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  W. 

Ouchy,  oo'shee',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  immediately  S.  of  Lausanne. 

Oucques,  ook,  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  16 
miles  N.  of  Blois.     Pop.  1648. 

Ouda,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Ooda. 

Oudabad,  a  town  of  Russia.    SeeORDUBAD. 

Oudai,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oodai. 

Oudanulla,  oo-d&-ntiri&,  or  Udhanala,  a  small 
town  of  British  India,  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  6  miles 
S.  of  Rajmahal.  Lat.  24°  46'  N.;  Ion.  87°  52'  E.  Here 
Cossim  Ali  Khan  erected  extensive  military  works,  forced 
by  the  British  in  1764. 

Ouday,  a  kingdom  of  Africa.    See  WadIy. 

Oude,  6wd  (native,  Ayodhya,  i-yod'h'y&),  a  former 
kingdom  of  India,  lat.  26°  20'  to  30°  N.,  Ion.  79°  40'  to  82° 
30'  £.,  bounded  N.  by  Nepaul,  and  elsewhere  surrounded 
by  the  North- West  Provinces.  Length  of  the  kingdom  from 
N.  to  S.,  about  230  miles;  greatest  breadth,  180  miles; 
area,  24,069  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and 
highly  fertile ;  it  is  watered  by  the  Goggra,  Goomty,  Sye, 
and  other  tributaries  of  the  Ganges.  Wheat,  barley,  rice, 
sugar,  indigo,  and  others  of  the  richest  products  of  India 
are  raised  in  large  quantities,  and  in  some  districts  a  vast 
amount  of  nitre  and  other  salts  effloresce  on  the  soil.  Among 
the  inhabitants  are  numerous  Rajpoots,  and  many  of  the 
population  are  Mussulmans,  the  old  ruling  dynasty  being 
Mohammedan.  Oude  was  formerly  a  Mogul  province.  It 
became  subordinate  to  the  British  after  the  battle  of  Kalpee, 
in  1765.  In  1819  the  Vizier  threw  off  his  nominal  depend- 
ence on  the  Mogul  sovereign,  and  assumed  the  title  of  king. 
In  1856,  Oude  was  annexed  to  British  India  and  made  a 
chief  commissionership,  which  in  1877  was  merged  in  the 
North- West  Provinces.  Lucknow  was  the  capital ;  after 
which  city  the  chief  towns  are  Fyzabad,  Oude,  Bharaich, 
and  Pertaubghur.     Pop.  in  1891,  12,652,730. 

Oude,  or  Ayodhya,  anciently  the  capital  of  the  above 
state,  extends  for  some  distance  along  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Goggra,  here  crossed  by  an  English  iron  bridge,  77  miles 
E.  of  Lucknow.  It  is  large,  and  greatly  venerated  by 
Hindoos,  but  much  of  it  is  in  ruins,  and  all  its  chief  edi- 
fices are  Mohammedan.  It  is  now  little  more  than  a  suburb 
of  Fyzabad.     Pop.  9949. 

Oudenarde,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Audenarde. 

Oudenbosch,  fiw'd^n-bosK^  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  11  miles  W.  of  Breda.    Pop.  2780. 

Oudenbourg,  ooMfiso^booR',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1810. 

Ouder  Amstel,  dw'd^r  im'st^l,  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Holland,  on  the  Amstel,  4  miles  S.  of 
Amsterdam.     Pop.  2031. 

Ouderkerk,  dw'd^r-kdRk^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, South  Holland,  6  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam.    Pop.  2405. 

Oude  S child,  Netherlands.    See  Hex  Oude  Schild. 

Oudewater,  Cw'd^h-MH^r,  a  town  of  the  Nether- J 
lands,  in  South  Holland,  on  the  Yssel,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  | 
Rotterdam.     Pop.  2312. 

Oudeyponr,  India.    See  Odeypoor. 

Oudghir,  6wd-gheer'  (anc.  Udayaghiri),  a  village  of 
India,  dominions  of  Hyderabad,  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beeder. 
Lat.  18°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  16'  E. 

Oudinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Oodiksk. 

Oudon,  oo^d6n»',  a  river  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  joinl] 
the  Mayenne  10  miles  below  Segrfi.     Length,  40  miles. 

Oudshoorn,  dwds'hoRU,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,] 
in  South  Holland,  on  the  Old  Rhine,  7  miles  E.  of  Leyden. 

Oudskoi,  a  village  of  Siberia.     See  Oodskoi. 

Oued,  a  village  of  Algeria.     See  El  Ouad. 

Ouessant,  island,  France.     See  Ushant. 

Oufa,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.     See  Oofa. 

Ougeiu,  a  city  of  Hindostan.    See  Oojein. 


OUG 


2089 


OUV 


Oughterard,  finH^r-ard',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Q-alway,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lough 
Corrib.     In  the  vicinity  are  marble-quarries.     Pop.  871. 

Oughter,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Ouohter. 

Ouglitch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ooglitch. 

Ougra,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oogra. 

Ougr^e,  oo^gri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Mouse.  Pop.  of 
commune,  5459. 

Oui,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Ooi. 

Ouisconsin,  the  original  name  of  Wisconsin. 

Ouita,  wee'ta,  a  station  in  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Russellville. 

Oiij,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oozh. 

Oujak,  a  bay  of  the  Pacific.     See  Oojak. 

Oiyein,  a  city  of  India.     See  Oojein. 

Oukesima,  an  island  of  Anam.     See  Ookesiua. 

Ou-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Oo-Kiang. 

Oulan-Khoton,  Mongolia.     See  Oolan-Khotan. 

Oiilash,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Oolash. 

Ouleai  or  Onlleay  (oo-le-i')  Group,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  consisting  of  22  islands,  the  S.  point  of  the  moat  E. 
of  the  group,  Raour,  in  lat.  7°  20'  N.,  Ion.  143°  53'  E. 

Ouleout,  owl'e-6wt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Ouleout  Creek,  22  miles  S.  of  Cooperstown,  and 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  the  county  seat. 

Ouliassoutai,  Mongolia.     See  Oomassootai. 

Oullins,  oolMiN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhone,  3^ 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lyons.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk 
stuifs,  steam-engines,  and  calico.     Pop.  4886. 

Oultre,  owl't'r  or  ool't'r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Molenbeek,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent. 

Oulx,  00,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Susa,  on  the  Dora,  near  the  Alps.     Pop.  1629. 

Ouman,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oouan. 

Oumnak  and  Onnalaska,  two  of  the  Fox  Islands, 
North  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Oomnak  and  Oonalaska. 

Ound,  oond,  a  town  of  British  India,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Poonah.     It  has  a  fine  Hindoo  temple. 

Oundle,  iin'd?l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northamp- 
ton, on  the  Nene,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Peterborough.  The  town,  nearly  environed  by  the  Nene,  is 
very  neatly  built,  and  has  a  fine  church,  2  ancient  grammar- 
schools,  poor's  hospitals,  a  union  workhouse,  a  branch  bank, 
and  a  good  market-house.     Pop.  2829. 

Ounga,  an  island  of  Alaska.     See  Oonga. 

Ounimak,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Oonimak. 

Ounja,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.     See  Oonzha. 

Ouonda,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Wonda. 

Oupa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oopa. 

Ouraghen,  Africa.     See  Awrigha. 

Oural  Mountains  and  River.    See  Ural. 

Ouralsk,  two  towns  of  Russia.     See  Ooralsk. 

Ouratepe,  Toorkistan.     See  Ooratepe. 

Ouray,  oo-ra',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Colorado. 
Area.  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Rio  Dolores 
and  Rio  San  Miguel.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Mount 
Wilson,  in  this  county,  is  14,280  feet  high.  Gold,  silver, 
copper,  and  galena  are  the  chief  sources  of  revenue.  This 
county  has  forests  of  fir,  pine,  &o.,  and  several  fertile  valleys. 
Capital,  Ouray.     Pop.  in  1880,  2669;  in  1890,  6510. 

Ouray,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ouray  co.,  Col.,  near 
the  base  of  Mount  Hayden,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Silverton. 
It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  bank,  and  a  smelt- 
ing-furnace.     Silver  is  found  near  here.    Pop.  (1890)  2634. 

Our  Car'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Lamed.     It  has  a  church. 

Ource,  ooRss,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Haute- 
Marne,  C6te-d'0r,  and  Aube,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  40 
miles  joins  the  Seine  near  Bar-sur-Seine. 

Ourcq,  ooRk,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Aisne,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the 
Marne  near  Lizy.  From  this  stream  flows  the  Canal  of 
Ourcq  to  Paris,  69  miles,  afi'ording  a  part  of  its  water- 
supply. 

Ourem,  fi-rfis*',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Leiria.     Pop.  2976.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls. 

Ourem,  6-rfiN«',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  56 
miles  E.  of  Pard. 

Ourfa,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Oorfa. 

Ourga,  a  city  of  Mongolia.     See  Ooroa. 

Ourghenj,  or  Ourghendj*    See  Oorghenj. 

Ourioupinskaia,  Russia.     See  Oorioopinskaia. 

Ourique,  oo-ree'ki  or  6-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3380. 

Ouijoum,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oorzhoom. 

Ourloujah,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Oorloojah. 
132 


Ourma,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Oorma. 

Ourmia,  or  Urmiah,  Persia.    See  Ooroomeetah. 

OurOe,  oo'rS'^h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the  lie- 
Fiord,  an  inlet  of  Seeland,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Copenhagen. 
Length,  4  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Ouro  Preto,  6'ro  prA'to  (formerly  Villa  Rica),  a 
city  of  the  republic  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  200  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  Pop.  12,000, 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  governor  and  the  seat  of  the 
provincial  assembly,  and  has  several  churches,  a  governor's 
palace,  a  mint,  a  theatre,  a  colegio,  or  Latin  school,  with 
a  school  of  pharmacy  and  anatomy,  a  public  library  and  a 
botanic  garden,  and  an  agricultural  normal  school.  It  is 
supplied  with  excellent  water,  and  has  an  active  commerce 
with  Rio  Janeiro.  It  was  founded  in  1699,  and  called 
Villa  Rica,  from  the  rich  gold-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Ouroumiyah,  Persia.    See  Ooroomeyah. 

Ouroup,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.     See  Ooroop. 

Ourthe,  or  Ourte,  ooRt,  a  river  of  Belgium,  province* 
of  Luxembourg  and  Liege,  joins  the  Meuse  after  a  N 
course  of  80  miles. 

Ourumptsi,  a  city  of  China.     See  Ooroomtsee. 

Ourville,  ooRVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Intft- 
rieure,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1202. 

Ousa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  OosA. 

Ouse,  ooz,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  enters 
the  English  Channel  near  Seaford. 

Ouse,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  is  formed  by  the 
Swale  and  Ure,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Trent  to  form  the 
Humber.  Length,  60  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  large  ves- 
sels to  York.  Principal  afiluents,  the  Wharfe,  Aire,  and  Don 
from  the  W.,  and  the  Derwent  from  the  N. 

Ouse,  or  Great  Ouse,  a  river  of  England,  risea 
near  Brackley,  flows  very  tortuously  through  the  cos.  of 
Northampton,  Bucks,  Bedford,  Huntingdon,  Cambridge, 
and  Norfolk,  and  enters  the  Wash  at  King's  Lynn,  after  a 
course  of  about  160  miles,  for  the  latter  two-thirds  of  which 
it  is  navigable.  Chief  affluents,  the  Ivel,  Cam,  Larke,  Lit- 
tle Ouse,  Stoke,  and  Nar,  all  from  the  E.  or  S.  The  Little 
Ouse,  or  Brandon  River,  joins  the  Great  Ouse  from  Suffolk, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Stoke  New  Bedford  Canal  and  the 
Wisbeach  Canal,  which  connects  the  Nene. 

Ouse,  a  river  of  Ontario.     See  Grand  River. 

Oushnei,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ooshnei. 

Ousley,  Swz'lee,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  o» 
the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  1 66  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savan- 
nah.    It  has  2  churches  and  several  mineral  springs. 

Ousman,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oosman. 

Ousouri,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Oosooreb. 

Oust,  a  Russian  prefix.     See  Oost. 

Oust,  oost,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Vilaine  near 
Redon,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  70  miles. 

Oust,  a  town  of  France,  in  Arilge,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Saint- 
Girons.     Pop.  1554.  ' 

Oustioug  Velikee,  Russia.    See  OosTiooe  Vbueeb. 

Oustioiyna,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oostioozhna. 

Oust  Sysolsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oost-Stsolsk. 

Outagamie,  oo'ta-gam-ee  or  ooH^-gam'e,  a  county  in 
the  N.E.  central  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about 
624  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  (or  Neenah) 
and  Wolf  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Embarras  River 
and  Duck  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple, 
oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  lumber,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Thif 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Green  Bay,  Winona  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Mil- 
waukee <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Appleton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,430;  in  1880,  28,716;  in  1890,  38,690. 

Ou-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Oo-TcHoo. 

Outer  Island,  one  of  the  Apostles  Islands,  Wis. 

Ou-Thou-Chan.     See  Oo-Thoo-Shan. 

Out'law's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunlin  oo.,  N.C. 
about  66  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  onaroh  and  an 
academy. 

Out'Iet,  a  station  in  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ontario 
Southern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Newark. 

Ontram,  oo'tram,  a  post- village  in  Bruce  oo.,  Ontario, 
11  miles  N.  of  Walkerton.     Pop.  160. 

Outreau,  ooHrO',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calaia,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1626. 

Outville,  Licking  co.,  0.     See  Eirkersvilub. 

Out'wood,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  ov 
the  Irwell,  and  on  the  Manchester  A  JBolton  Canal,  7  uiil*» 
N.AV.  of  Manchester. 

Ouvelka,  a  river  of  Russia.    S««  Ootklka. 


OUY 


2090 


OVO 


Ouya,  oo^i',  or  Oyak,  oVik',  a  river  of  French 
Guiana,  flows  N.N.E.,  and,  separating  the  island  of  Cayenne 
from  the  mainland,  enters  the  Atlantic.     Length,  70  miles. 

Ouzbegistan,  Asia.    See  Bokhara  and  Tookkistan. 

Ouzbeks,  a  people  of  Tartary.     See  Oozbees. 

OuzbiU)  ooz^been',  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  35  miles 
B.  of  Cabool,  in  a  valley  of  the  same  name. 

Ouzen^  two  rivers  of  Russia.     See  Oozen. 

Oozouer  le  March^,  oo^zoo-i'  l^h  maR^shi',  several 
villages  of  France,  of  which  the  principal  is  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  17  miles  W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  of  commune,  1563. 

Ovada,  o-vi'dS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles 
8.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Orbe.     Pop.  7053. 

O'val,  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga. 

Ovalle^  o-vi'yi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo, 
63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coquimbo,  to  which  port  and  to  Tongoy 
railways  extend.     Pop.  4099. 

Ovar,  o-vaR',  a  toWn  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Ovar, 
at  the  head  of  its  estuary,  15  miles  N.  of  Aveiro.  It  is 
supported  by  fisheries  and  trade.     Pop.  10,374. 

Ovari,  Bay  of,  Hondo.    See  Bay  of  Ovari. 

Oven  (fiv'n)  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Ovens,  liv'^nz,  a  post- village  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  entrance  to  Lunenburg  Harbor,  4i  miles  from 
Lunenburg.  It  was  once  noted  for  its  gold-mines.  A 
promontory  50  feet  in  height  contains  a  dozen  or  more 
cavities  facing  the  sea  and  resembling  ovens.  The  name 
is  given  to  a  peninsula  |  mile  wide  by  IJ  miles  long,  to 
which  the  gold-mining  is  at  present  limited.     Pop.  200. 

Ovens  (iiv'^nz)  River,  Southeast  Australia,  joins  the 
Hume  to  form  the  Murray,  in  lat.  34°  48'  S.,  Ion.  146*  16' 
E.,  where  it  is  of  less  size  than  the  Hume  River. 

O'ver,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  15  miles  E.  of  Ches- 
ter.    Pop.  of  township,  5038. 

O'veralls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va. 

Overboeiaere,  o'v§r-boo-l8,'r§h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Dender,  15  miles  S.E,  of  Audenarde. 

Overbrook,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Mars. 

O'verbrook,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Philtidelphia. 
Here  is  a  Catholic  theological  seminary,  which  has  a  library 
of  11,000  volumes. 

Overbrook,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  433. 

O'ver  Dar'wen,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
3i  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Blackburn.  It  is  lighted  with  gas, 
and  cotton-manufacture  is  carried  on  to  a  great  extent. 
Paper  manufacturing  and  staining  and  silk-weaving  and 
carpet-manufacturing  are  also  carried  on.     Pop.  34,192. 

O'verfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Philippi.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Overflakkee,  o'v^r-flik^k^h,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  between  two  arms  of  the  Rhine 
(or  Maas),  the  Haringvliet  and  Flakkee,  at  their  entrance 
into  the  North  Sea.     Length,  25  miles  ;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Overhill',  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W,  Va.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Overijssel,  Netherlands.    See  Overyssel. 

Overisel,  o-v^r-i's^l,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of 
Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  2  churches.  It  was  settled  by  Hollanders.  Pop.  1273. 

Overmeire,  o'v^r-miV^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  10  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3053. 

O'verpeck's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0., 
on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Hamilton. 

Overpelt,  o'v^r-pelt^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  Dommel,  19  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1550. 

Overschie,  o'ver-skee^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1969. 

Overslaugh,  o'v^r-slaw.  New  York,  in  the  Hudson 
River,  3  miles  below  Albany.  The  channel  of  the  river 
here  is  obstructed  by  sand-bars,  rendering  the  navigation 
difficult  at  low  tide. 

O'vert,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark. 

Overton,  a  town  of  England.     See  Ortok. 

O'verton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  nules 
y  rail  S.E.  of  Motherwell.    It  has  coal-mines.    Pop.  1517. 

Overton,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  on  the  Dee, 
16  miles  S.  of  Chester.  The  borough  unites  with  Flint, 
Ac,  in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  1329. 

O'verton,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Obie's  or  Obed's  River,  and  the  West  Fork. 
The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  lib- 
erally supplied  with  timber, — chestnut,  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
maple,  and  tulip-tree.     Coal  is  found  in  it.     Capital,  Liv- 


ingston, on  the  Marietta  &  North  Georgia  Railroad.     Pop, 
in  1870,  11,297;  in  1880,  12,153;  in  1890,  12,039. 

Overton,  a  post-village  in  Saline  township.  Cooper  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  10  miles  below  Boon- 
ville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  college,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
steamboat-landing.     Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Overton,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  220  miles  W.  of  Omaha,  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Plum  Creek. 

Overton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Overton  township,  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  550. 

Overton,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Overton,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Hen- 
derson &  Overton  and  International  <k  Great  Northern 
Railroads,  59  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  4  churches 
the  Overton  Institute,  a  broom -factory,  Ac.   Pop.  400. 

Overton,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Overyssche-Notre-Dame-au-Bois,  oV^h-reesh' 
not'r-dim-o-bwS,,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the 
Yssche,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  of  commune,  5194. 

Overyssel,  or  Overijssel,  o'v^r-is's^l,  a  province  of 
the  Netherlands,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
and  enclosed  landward  by  the  provinces  of  Gelderland, 
Friesland,  and  Drenthe,  and  by  the  Prussian  provinces  of 
Hanover  and  Westphalia.  Area,  1312  square  miles.  Poj.. 
271,069.  Surface  almost  wholly  level,  and  in  great  part 
marshy  or  heath  lands,  but  along  the  Yssel  is  some  fertile 
soil,  producing  rye,  buckwheat,  hemp,  and  fruits.  Cattle- 
rearing  and  digging  turf  are  the  principal  branches  of  in- 
dustry. Manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  wicker- 
wares,  mats,  and  iron  goods  are  carried  on.    See  Yssel. 

Ovetam,  an  ancient  name  of  Ovieso. 

Oviatt,  oV9-at',  a  post-office  of  Leeianaw  oo.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Traverse  City. 

O'vid,  a  post-office  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho,  near  Beai 
Lake,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Soda  Springs. 

Ovid,  Madison  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Columbus. 

Ovid,  a  township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1101. 

Ovid,  a  post- village  in  Ovid  township,  Clinton  co.,  Mich,, 
on  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.  of  Owosso,  10  miles  E.  of  St.  John,  and  about  24 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  banking-house,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a  furnace  with  ma- 
chine-shop, a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  about  1400 ;  of  the  township,  in  1890,  1423. 

Ovid,  a  beautiful  post-village,  semi-capital  of  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ovid  township,  on  a  high  and  fertile  ridge,  3 
miles  E.  of  Seneca  Lake,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Cayuga  Lake, 
and  about  40  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and 
a  steam-mill.  The  Willard  Lunatic  Asylum,  a  large  and 
costly  edifice,  is  located  at  Willard,  about  2  miles  from  Ovid. 
Pop.  in  1890,  641 ;  of  the  township,  3651. 

Ovid  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ovid  township,  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Geneva. 

Ovidiopol,  o-ve-de-o'pol  (L.  Ovidiop' olis),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  on  the 
estuary  of  the  Dniester,  opposite  Akerman,  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Odessa.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  a  lazaretto,  it 
being  a  station  of  the  Russian  fleet.     Pop.  4687. 

Oviedo,  o-ve-i'Do  (anc.  Lu'cus  Aa'turum,  afterwards 
Ove'tum),  a  city  of  Spain,  in  the  N.W.,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, near  the  confluence  of  the  Nalon  and  Nora  Rivers,  61 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Leon,  and  57  miles  E.  of  the  Portuguese 
frontier.  Lat.  43°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  57'  W.  The  chief  edifices 
are  the  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  in  Spain,  the  ex-college 
of  San  Vicente,  now  used  for  government  offices,  the  con- 
vent of  San  Pelayo,  the  university  buildings,  the  castle, 
and  the  general  and  military  hospital.  Its  educational 
establishments  comprise  the  university,  a  normal  school, 
and  primary  schools.  It  has  a  theatre,  a  fortress  of  the 
tenth  century,  and  11  public  fountains,  supplied  with  water 
by  2  aqueducts.  Oviedo  has  manufactures  of  arms,  hats, 
and  leather.  It  was  the  chief  place  of  refuge  for  the  Chris- 
tian clergy  during  the  early  dominion  of  the  Moors.  In  its 
vicinity  are  hot  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  31,880. 

Oviedo,  a  province  of  Spain,  Asturias,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Bay  of  Biscay.    Area,  4216  square  miles.    Pop.  606,353. 

Oviglio,  o-veel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2835. 

Ovil'la,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  S.  b, 
W.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Ovoca,  Ireland.    See  Avoca. 

Ovolan,  o'vo-15w\  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  in  t 


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2091 


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South  Pacific,  lat.  17"  41'  S.,  Ion.  178<»  52'  W.,  about  8 
miles  long  and  7  miles  broad. 

Ovos,  Ilha  do8,  Brazil.    See  Ilha  dos  Otos. 

Ovrootch,  Ovrontch,  or  Ovrntsch,  o-vrootoh',  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Marinna,  82  miles  N. 
of  Zhitomeer.     Pop.  5947. 

Owan'eco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  <k  Mississippi  Railroad,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Owari,  Bay  of,  Japan.    See  Bat  of  Otari. 

Owas'ca,  a  post-oflSce  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla. 

Owas'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  28  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Kirksville. 

Owasco,  a  post-village  in  Owasco  township,  Caynga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flouring-mill.  Pop.  about  300.  The  township  is  bounded 
W.  by  Owasco  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1289. 

Owasco  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Cayuga  co.,  about  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Auburn,  and  8  miles  B.  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It 
is  10  or  11  miles  long,  and  more  than  1  mile  wide.  Its  outlet, 
called  Owasco  Creek,  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake,  flows 
through  the  city  of  Auburn,  and  enters  the  Seneca  River 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Port  Byron.  This  lake  is  partly  sup- 
plied by  the  Owasco  Inlet,  which  rises  in  Tompkins  oo., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  S.  end  of  the  lake. 

Owasco  Lake,  a  post-oflBce  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Owasco  Lake,  at  WyckoflF  Station  on  the 
Southern  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Auburn. 

Owasso,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.     See  Owosso. 

Owatonna,  o-wa-ton'na,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Steele 
00.,  Minn.,  in  Owatonna  township,  on  Straight  River,  37 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mankato,  15  miles  S.  of  Faribault,  and 
90  miles  W.  of  Winona.  It  is  on  the  Winona  <fc  St.  Peter 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  Baptist  semi- 
nary, a  high  school,  2  banks,  8  churches,  and  3  newspaper 
offices.  It  has  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  farming-implements.  Pop.  in  1890,  3849 ;  of 
the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  584.  Here  is  a  valuable 
mineral  spring,  which  contains  the  bicarbonates  of  sodium, 
ealoium,  and  magnesium. 

Owe'go,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.     Pop.  800. 

Owego,  a  handsome  post- village,  capital  of  Tioga  oo., 
N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  at  the  mouth  of  Owego  Creek,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name.  It  is  37  miles  E.  of  Elmira,  22  miles 
W.  of  Binghamton,  and  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  is 
on  the  Erie  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Southern  Central 
Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Ithaca  by  a  branch  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  a 
handsome  court-house,  7  churches,  the  Owego  Free  Acad- 
emy, 2  national  banks,  manufactures  of  flour,  leather,  lum- 
ber, <fcc.,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers. Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river ;  and  near  the 
N.  border  of  the  village  is  the  Evergreen  Cemetery,  on  a 
hill  about  200  feet  high.     Pop.  of  township,  9008. 

Owego,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ransom  co.,  N.D.,  17  miles 
(direct)  E.N.E.  of  Lisbon. 

Owego,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  about  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Qreen  Bay. 

Owego  Creek,  in  Tioga  co..  New  York,  is  formed  by 
its  East  and  West  Branches,  runs  nearly  southward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  Owego. 

Owen,  o'^n,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  on  the  Lanter, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1438. 

O'wen,  a  country  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mill 
Creek.  The  Eel  River  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  good  bituminous  coal, 
called  block  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  i,  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Evansville  A  Terre 
Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Spencer.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,137 ; 
in  1880,  15,901}  in  1890,  16,040. 

Owen,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  312  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  tobacco, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  Trenton  or 
blue  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  Capital,  Owenton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,309;  in  1880,  17,401 ;  in  1890,  17,676. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  111.     Pop.  762. 


Owen,  a  post-township  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  879. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  11 18. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1589. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1440. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  300. 

Owensborongh,  o'^nz-btir-riih,  a  city,  the  capital  of 
Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  Rivor,  and  on  th« 
Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  about  40  miles  above 
Evansville,  Ind.,  and  150  miles  below  Louisville.  By  land 
it  is  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  3  banks,  a  savings-bank,  3  newspaper  offices, 
a  college,  2  academies,  13  churches,  6  distilleries  of  whisky, 
18  tobacco-stemmeries,  a  cigar-factory,  4  flouring-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  several  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  a 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  furniture,  and  brooms. 
It  is  lighted  with  gas.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco  and 
whisky  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9837. 

Owensborongh  Junction,  or  Strond  City,  a 
post-village  of  Muhlenburg  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paduoah  A 
Elizabethtown  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Owens- 
borough  A  Nashville  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Owensborough, 
and  126  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  several  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  about  200. 

Owensbnrg,  o'enz-btlrg,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Bedford,  Springville  i,  Bloomfield  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school. 

Ow'ensbyville,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga. 

O'wen's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Owen's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Madison  oo.,  Ala. 

Owen's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Great  Satilla  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Waynesville. 

Owen's  Lake,  California,  is  in  Inyo  co.,  at  the  E. 
base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  12  miles  E.  of  Mount 
Whitney.  It  is  nearly  18  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide. 
It  receives  Owen's  River,  which  enters  it  at  its  northern 
end,  and  is  filled  with  strong  alkaline  and  saline  waters ; 
but  it  has  no  visible  outlet. 

Owen's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Osage  oo..  Mo. 

Owen's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Chemung  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Owen  Sound  (formerly  Sydenham),  a  town  and  port 
of  entry  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Grey,  on  Georgian 
Bay,  at  the  outlet  of  the  river  Sydenham,  and  the  terminus 
of  the  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  131  miles  N.W.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  manufactories  of  mill-machinery, 
turbine- wheels,  agricultural  implements,  engines,  sewing- 
machines,  leather,  wooden-ware,  tweed  and  other  woollen 
cloths,  Ac,  also  two  breweries,  two  brick-fields,  flour-  and 
saw-mills,  5  large  grain-warehouses  and  elevators,  and  vari- 
ous smaller  works.  Here  are  a  number  of  fine  stores,  sev- 
eral churches  and  good  hotels,  a  commodious  town  hall,  a 
court-house,  jail  and  registry  office,  and  3  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  3639.  The  harbor  of  Owen  Sound  is  one  of  the  best 
on  Lake  Huron.  It  is  12  miles  long  from  the  town  to  its 
mouth,  where  it  is  5  miles  wide.  It  has  good  anchorage, 
and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  the  largest  capacity.  Many 
vessels  are  engaged  in  the  grain-  and  lumber-trade. 

Owen's  River,  California,  rises  in  Mono  co.,  on  the 
E.  slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  runs  nearly  southward 
in  Inyo  co.,  through  a  sterile  region,  and  enters  Oweo'i 
Lake  about  15  miles  E.  of  Mount  Whitney.  It  is  nearly 
175  miles  long. 

Owen  Station,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Marion. 

O'wensville,  a  post-office  of  Escambia  oo.,  Ala. 

Owensviile,  a  post-office  of  Saline  oo.,  Ark. 

Owensville,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Montgomery  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Princeton,  and 
about  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  4  churches. 

Owensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  oo.,  Mo.,  23 
miles  N.  of  Cuba,  and  about  75  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Owensville,  a  post-village  in  Stone  Lick  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  tannery.  It  is  sometimes  called  Boston. 
Pop.  377. 

Owensville,  a  hamlet  of  Robertson  oo.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Engelwood. 

O'wenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Owen  oo.,  Ky., 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Frankfort,  and  54  miles  E.N.K.  of 
Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank- 
ing-house, and  several  seminaries.     Pop.  in  1890,  847. 

O'wenville,  a  post-village  of  Sampson  co..  N.C.,  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw  SUtion.  It  hai  2  churches,  a 
steam  saw -mill,  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 


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2092 


OXF 


Owhyhee,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Hawaii. 

O'wing's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Baltimore.  It  contains  the  McDonough  Institute,  3 
churches,  and  several  stores. 

O'AVingsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bath  co.,  Ky., 
on  a  small  tributary  of  the  Licking  River,  48  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Lexington,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.  It 
has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  ofSce, 
a  seminary,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  703. 

OavI  Creek,  Ohio.     See  Vernon  River. 

Owl  Creek,  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  runs  eastward, 
and  enters  the  Big  Horn  River  about  lat.  43°  34'  N. 

Owl  Creek,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
607.     It  contains  Defiance. 

Oivl  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  about  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Vincennes.     It  has  a  church. 

Owl  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  at  Warrenton  Junction,  41 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

Owl's  Head,  a  beautiful  mountain  in  Quebec,  on  Lake 
Memphremagog,  about  6  miles  from  Georgeville.  There  is 
a  large  hotel  at  its  base,  and  a  landing-place  for  the  steam- 
ers plying  between  Magog  and  Newport,  Vt. 

Owl's  Head,  a  headland  on  the  W,  side  of  the  en- 
trance of  Penobscot  Bay,  Me.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  ele- 
vated 147  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  44°  N. ; 
Ion.  68°  58'  W. 

Owos'so,  or  Owas'so,  a  city  in  Owosso  township, 
Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the 
Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Jackson, 
Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  36 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Saginaw  City,  and  78  miles  N.W.  of 
Detroit.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  undulating,  sandy 
ground.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  high  school,  1  or  2 
national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tannery,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  2  planing-mills,  2  foundries,  manufactures  of 
furniture,  bricks,  sash,  blinds,  Ac,  and  machine-shops  of 
the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad.  The  river 
affords  a  never-failing  water-power  at  this  place.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2501;  in  1890,  6564, 

Owra,  Sw'rfl,,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Chumbul,  76  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Kotah.     Lat.  24°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  26'  E. 

Owsley,  Swz'l?,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  176  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  River.  The  Kentucky 
River  touches  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  maize,  grass,  oats,  &o.  Coal  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Booneville,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Kentucky.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3889;  in  1880,  4942;  in  1890,  5975. 

Owsley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Warrensburg. 

Owyhee,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Hawaii. 

Owy'hee,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Idaho,  bor- 
dering on  Nevada  and  Oregon,  has  an  area  of  about  7800 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Snake  or 
Lewis  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Bruneau  and 
Owyhee  Rivers  and  their  aflSuents,  the  West  Fork  of  the 
Salmon  River,  and  Jordan  Creek.  The  surface  in  the  north- 
west part  is  mountainous,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  barley,  oats, 
potatoes,  Ac.  Gold  and  silver  are  the  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. Capital,  Silver  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1713;  in  1880, 
1426;  in  1890,  2021. 

OAvyhee  River  rises  by  several  branches  in  the  N.  part 
of  Nevada,  and  intersects  the  S.W.  part  of  Owyhee  co., 
Idaho.  It  runs  northwestward  into  Oregon,  and  gradually 
deflects  towards  the  N.  After  it  has  crossed  the  forty-third 
parallel  of  N.  latitude,  it  flows  nearly  northeastward  until 
it  enters  Snake  River,  near  the  point  where  the  latter 
first  strikes  the  E.  boundary  of  Oregon.    Length,  350  miles. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  HI.,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Lacon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
White  Lake  township,  about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It 
has  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ant- 
irerp  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  about  28  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  derives  its  name  from  a  bend  in 
the  river  like  an  ox-bow.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Oxen,  a  village  of  Spain.     See  Ojen. 

Ox'enden,  a  post-village  in  Greyco,,  Ontario,  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 


Ox'en  Hill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Ox'enhope,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  2328. 

Ox'ford,  or  Oxfordshire,  ox'ford-shir,  a  central 
county  of  England,  having  S.  the  co.  of  Berks,  from  which 
it  is  wholly  separated  by  the  Thames.  Area,  739  square 
miles.  Surface  mostly  level  or  undulating,  except  in  the 
S.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  the  Chiltern  Hills.  Soil  in  the 
N.  a  fertile  loam,  elsewhere  gravelly  or  thin.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Thame,  Cherwell,  Windrush,  and  Evenlode,  af- 
fluents of  the  Thames.  Barley,  wheat,  and  turnips  are  the 
main  crops.  Stock  of  sheep  large,  especially  on  the  Chil- 
tern Range.  The  Oxford  Canal,  91  miles  in  length,  trav- 
erses the  county  from  N.  to  S.,  connecting  the  Thames 
with  the  Coventry  Canal,  and  through  it  with  the  Mersey, 
Severn,  and  Trent,  and  the  railway-lines  are  numerous. 
Principal  towns,  Oxford,  Banbury,  Woodstock,  and  Henley. 
The  county  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  two  are  sent  by  the  university.  Roman  remains  are 
numerous  in  the  county.     Pop.  (1891)  185,938. 

Oxford  (L.  Oxo'nia),  a  city,  the  seat  of  one  of  the 
principal  universities  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Ox- 
ford, between  the  junction  of  the  Isis  and  Cherwell,  here 
crossed  by  numerous  bridges,  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  London, 
at  a  railway  junction.  A  part  of  the  municipality  is  in 
the  CO.  of  Bucks.  It  stands  in  an  undulating  amphitheatre, 
and  presents  a  magnificent  appearance  with  its  numerous 
spires  and  domes.  The  High  street,  proceeding  from  E.  to 
W.  and  entered  by  a  handsome  stone  bridge  over  the  Cher- 
well, is  a  noble  thoroughfare.  In  it  are  Magdalen,  All 
Souls',  Queen's,  and  University  Colleges,  and  the  University 
church.  At  right  angles  with  this  street  is  another  line, 
upwards  of  1  mile  in  length.  In  this  are  Christchurch  Col- 
lege and  the  town  hall,  and  its  N.  part  is  ornamented  with 
rows  of  elms.  Parallel  to  High  street  is  Broad  street,  in 
which  are  Baliol,  Trinity,  and  Exeter  Colleges,  the  Ash- 
molean  Museum,  Clarendon  rooms,  theatre,  and  academical 
schools,  with  the  Bodleian  Library  and  picture-gallery. 

The  cathedral  of  Oxford,  attached  to  Christchurch  Col- 
lege, is  an  edifice  of  different  styles  between  the  twelfth 
and  sixteenth  centuries,  with  a  spire  146  feet  in  height.  Its 
see  comprises  the  co.  of  Oxford  and  the  archdeaconries  of 
Berks  and  Bucks.  Other  churches  are  St.  Mary's  church, 
with  a  spire  180  feet  in  height.  Carfax,  or  St.  Martin's, 
St.  Peter's  in  the  East,  the  oldest  existing  church  in 
Oxford,  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  a  handsome  church  in  the 
decorated  style,  St.  John's,  All  Saints',  and  St.  Giles'.  In 
the  city  are  also  10  other  benefices.  Besides  the  colleges, 
the  principal  buildings  are  the  town  and  county  hall,  musio 
hall,  city  bridewell,  session  house,  county  jail  (a  Gothic 
embattled  structure  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  cattle),  the 
market-houses,  Radcliffe  Infirmary,  house  of  industry  for  11 
parishes,  many  almshouses,  and  chapels  for  Roman  Catho- 
lics, Methodists,  Independents,  and  Baptists. 

Oxford  has  large  diocesan  and  national  schools,  numer- 
ous charitable  endowments,  and  several  banks.  It  is  gov- 
erned, exclusive  of  the  university,  by  a  mayor,  9  alder- 
men, and  30  councillors,  and  is  the  seat  of  quarter  and 
petty  sessions,  of  a  mayor's  court  and  court  of  hustings,  and 
of  assizes  and  monthly  courts  for  the  county.  It  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons  for  the  town,  and  two 
members  for  the  university. 

The  University  of  Oxford  consists  of  21  colleges  and  5 
halls.  Their  names  and  dates  of  foundation  are  as  follows : 
University  College  (872),  Baliol  (about  1263),  Merton 
(1264),  Exeter  (1314),  Oriel  (1326),  Queen's  (1340),  New 
College  (1386),  Lincoln  (1427),  All  Souls'  (1437),  Magdalen 
(1456),  Brasenose  (1509),  Corpus  Christi  (1516),  Christ- 
church (1525),  Trinity  (1554),  St.  John's  (1557),  Jesus 
(1571),  Hertford  (1602),  Wadham  (1613),  Pembroke  (1620), 
Worcester  (1714),  Keble  College  (1870),  and  St.  Mary,  New 
Inn,  St.  Alban,  Charsley's,  and  St.  Edmund  Halls. 

Besides  the  buildings  of  each  individual  college  and  hall, 
there  are  others  of  a  magnificent  description,  belonging  to 
all  in  common,  or  to  the  university  properly  so  called.  Of 
these  the  most  remarkable  are  the  theatre,  built  by  Sir 
Christopher  Wren  and  so  arranged  as  to  accommodate  nearly 
4000  persons ;  the  buildings  called  the  Schools,  used  for  the 
examination  of  candidates  for  degrees,  and  partly  accommo 
dating  the  rich  treasures  of  the  Bodleian  Library,  which  oc- 
cupies one  side  of  the  quadrangle ;  the  Ashmolean  Museum ; 
the  Radcliffe  Library,  a  splendid  structure;  the  Radcliffe 
Observatory ;  the  Clarendon,  used  as  a  geological  museum, 
lecture-rooms,  and  public  offices ;  University  printing-office ; 
and  the  Taylor  and  Randolph  Institution,  a  magnificent 
range  of  buildings,  partly  for  the  custody  of  works  of  art 
I  and  partly  as  a  foundation  for  the  teaching  of  modern  Ian-  j 


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OXF 


guages.     In  connection  with  the  university  may  be  men- 
tioned the  botanic  garden,  with  the  Fielding  Herbarium. 

University  College  claims  to  have  been  founded  by  Alfred. 
It  is  certain  that  Oxford  was  a  seat  of  learning  as  early  as 
the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor.  It  was  a  principal  resi- 
dence of  numerous  Saxon,  Danish,  and  Norman  monarchs. 
Pop.  45,741.  The  university  has  sent  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons  since  the  time  of  Edward  L A  stu- 
dent of  Oxford  is  called  an  Oxonian,  ox-o'ne-%n. 

Oxford,  ox'fprd,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Maine, 
borders  on  New  Hampshire.  Area,  estimated  at  1892  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Androscoggin  River,  and 
also  drained  by  the  Saoo  River  and  other  minor  streams. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  is  diversi- 
fied with  small  lakes  and  extensive  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple  and  pine  abound.  The  soil  in  some  places  is 
fertile.  Hay,  oats,  potatoes,  butter,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
hops  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada  and  the  Portland  it 
Rumford  Falls  Railroad.  Capital,  Paris.  Pop.  in  1870, 
33,488;  in  1880,  32,627;  in  1890,  30,586. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Sel- 
ma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Talladega. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Oxford  Col- 
lege.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  New  Haven 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3 
churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nau- 
gatuck  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Housatonic  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1338. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  about  38 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Covington  Sta- 
tion on  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Here  is  Emory  College 
(Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1838  and 
has  a  library  of  10,600  volumes.  Six  fine  buildings  have 
been  erected  for  this  college.  It  contains  2  churches  and 
the  Palmer  Institute.     Pop.  665. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Oxford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oxford  township,  Henry  co., 
111.,  17  miles  N.  by  "W.  of  Galesburg,  and  1  mile  S.W.  of 
Alpha.     Pop.  of  township,  1327. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Grove  township,  Benton 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Bloomington  division  of  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  an  academy,  4  churches,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  519. 

Oxford,  a  post- village  in  Oxford  township,  Johnson  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Iowa  City,  and  3  miles  S.  of  the  Iowa 
River.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.  Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1436. 
Oxford,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  975. 
Oxford,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1939. 
It  contains  Stanley. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Sumner 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  about  12  miles  E.  of 
Wellington.     Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1052. 

Oxford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  22  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Frankfort,  and  2i  miles  from  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Oxford,  a  post- village  of  Oxford  co,.  Me.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  a  small  lake,  and  near  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad  (Oxford  Station),  about  15  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Lewiston,  and  41  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  other  mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1455.         * 

Oxford,  a  suburban  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  1  mile 
N,  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  built  of  marble  and  granite, 
and  several  fine  residences. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  a  naviga- 
ble arm  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  called  Third  Haven  River,  and 
on  the  Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Easton.     It  is  a  summer  resort.     Pop.  in  1890,  1135. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  French  River,  and  on  the  Norwich  i,  Worcester 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Worcester  City,  and  about 
48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  fine  town  hall, 
a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  public  library, 
and  extensive  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes.  The 
township  contains  also  North  Oxford,  and  has  several  cot- 
ton-mills and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  2938. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Oakland 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  <fc  Bay  City  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Detroit,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Lapeer.  It  is  near 
several  little  lakes.  It  has  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1128  ;  of  the  township,  2080. 


Oxford,  a  post- village  of  Isanti  oo.,  Minn.,  in  North 
Branch  township,  about  33  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  baa  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Oxford,  a  port-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  29  milea 
S.  of  Holly  Springs,  and  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grenada.  Here 
is  the  University  of  Mississippi,  which  was  founded  by  the 
state  in  1848.  Connected  witn  this  university  is  a  college 
of  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts,  organized  in  1872.  Ox- 
ford has  4  or  6  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  1534. 
Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Worth  co., 
Mo.,  near  a  branch  of  Grand  River,  about  55  miles  N.N.E. 
of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Oxford,  or  Oxford  Furnace,  a  post- village  in  Ox- 
ford township,  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belvidere, 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Morristown,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Easton,  Pa.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  rolling-mill,  2  iron-furnaces,  a  nail-factory,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  It  is  the  most  populous  vil- 
lage in  the  county,  except  Phillipsburg.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  4002.     Here  is  Oxford  Post-Oflsce. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.T.,  in  a  deep  valley,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on 
the  Chenango  Canal,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Norwich,  and  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  is  on  the  Utica,  Chenango 
&  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad  and  the  New  York  A  0?- 
wego  Midland  Railroad.  It  has  a  beautiful  situation 
amidst  fertile  hills  and  dairy-farms.  It  contains  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  several 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  hoes  and  edge-tools.  Pop. 
1477;  of  the  township,  3138. 

Oxford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Granville  co.,  N.C., 
in  Oxford  township,  12  miles  W.  of  Henderson  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  42  miles  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  court- 
house, an  orphan  asylum,  4  churches,  several  tobacco- 
factories,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  Tobacco  is  the  sta]>le 
product  of  the  county.  P.  in  1890,  2007 ;  of  township,  5793. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Butler  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hamilton,  and  39  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  contains  8  churches,  the  Oxford  Female 
College,  the  Western  Female  Seminary,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  manufactory  of  agricultural  implements, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Miami  University  (non-sectarian),  which 
was  founded  by  the  state  in  1824  and  has  a  library  of 
9000  volumes.     Pop.  1738;  of  the  township,  3959. 

Oxford,  a  hamlet  in  Oxford  township,  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  lOJ  miles  E.  of  Coshocton. 
It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  White  Eyes  Plains  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  township,  1140. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  1260. 
It  contains  Ashley. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.     Pop.  1238. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1709. 
It  contains  Fairview  and  Middletown. 

Oxford  (Killbuck  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Holmes  co., 
0.,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  at  Killbuck  Station,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Millersburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  116. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  1607. 
It  contains  Newcomerstown. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1322.  It 
contains  New  Oxford. 

Oxford,  a  post-borough  in  Lower  Oxford  township, 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad, 
62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  about  28  miles  W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del.  Oxford  contains  the  Oxford  Female 
Seminary,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  carriage-factory ;  and  about  2  miles 
distant  is  Lincoln  University  (Presbyterian).     Pop.  1602. 

Oxford,  a  village  of  Cache  oo.,  Utah.    Pop.  149. 

Oxford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Toll  Gate  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Marquette 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop. 
about  400;  of  the  township,  542. 

Ox'ford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ontario,  has  an  area 
of  385,609  acres.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Western 
Railway,  which  passes  through  Woodstock,  its  capital,  and 
by  the  Canada  Southern  Railway.     Pop.  48,237. 

Oxford,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
3i  miles  from  River  Philip.  It  contains  woollen-,  edge-tool-, 
and  wooden-ware-factories,  and  seven^l  saw-mills.     P.  150. 

Oxford,  Essex  co.,  Ontario.    See  Oxibt. 

Oxford  Church,  Pennsvlvania.    See  Cbeltbithaii. 


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Oxford  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  cc,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.B.  of  Middletown.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Oxford  Furnace,  New  Jersey.     See  Oxford. 

Oxford  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 

Oxford  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township, 
Jones  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  <fc  Dakota  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Davenport  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
40  miles  E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2 

arehouses  for  grain.     Pop,  about  350. 

Oxford  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Jones 
0.,  Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Davenport 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport. 
It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  flouring-mills. 

Oxford  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Kemptville.  It  has  good  water-power,  2 
hotels,  and  several  mills  and  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Oxford's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Catawba  River. 

Oxfordshire,  England.    See  Oxford. 

Oxford  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Woodbourne  Station,  which  is  24  miles  N.E.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  public  hall,  a 
I'oach-factory,  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Ox'hey,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hertford. 

Oxia,  ox-ee'&,  one  of  the  smaller  Ionian  islands,  off 
Gape  Skropha,  Acarnania.     Length,  4  miles. 

Oxise,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Eurzolari  Islands. 

Oxixares,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Ojijares. 

Ox'ley,  or  Oxford,  a  post- village  in  Essex  oo.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Erie,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Amhertsburg.  It 
contains  3  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  150. 

OxMey's  Table-Land,  Central  Australia,  an  ele- 
vated and  verdant  region.     Lat.  30°  S.  j  Ion.  145°  43'  E. 

Ox'moor,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Birming- 
ham. It  has  3  churches,  and  2  furnaces  which  produce 
daily  80  tons  of  pig-iron.     Pop.  in  1890,  556. 

Ox'na,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Scalloway. 

Oxoma,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Osua. 

Oxomeria,  ox-o-mi-ree'i,  a  town  on  the  W.  shore  of 
the  island  of  Tino,  Grecian  Archipelago.     Pop.  2000. 

Oxonia,  the  ancient  name  of  Oxford  (England). 

Ox'toby,  a  station  in  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Springfield, 
and  14  miles  W.  of  London. 

Oxus,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Auoo-Darta. 

Ox'ville,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Ga. 

Oxyris,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Orhub. 

Oxyrynchus,  Egypt.    See  Behneseh. 

Oyak,  a  river  of  Guiana.     See  Ouya. 

Oyapok,  or  Oyapock,  o^yl-pok',  a  river  of  South 
America,  separating  French  Guiana  from  Brazil,  joins  the 
Atlantic  by  an  estuary  18  miles  across,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Ca- 
yenne, in  lat.  4°  N.,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  180  miles. 
On  it,  26  miles  from  the  sea,  is  the  village  of  Oyapok,  with 
a  pop.  of  635. 

Oyarzun,  o-yaR-thoon'  (anc.  (Ea'to  or  (Eas'so),  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Guipuzooa,  7  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Sebastian,  near 
the  river  Oyarzun.    Pop.  4470. 

Oycke,  o-ik'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1330. 

Oye,  w4,  almost  wi,  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Omer.     Pop.  1640. 

Oyens,  oi'^nz,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa. 

Oyghem,  o-I'gh§m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  19  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1076. 

Oyolava,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Ojalava. 

Oyonnax,  o^yon^n&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Nantua.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  combs, 
lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  3335. 

Oy'ster,  an  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  oflF  the  Ara- 
ean  coast.     Lat.  20°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  32'  E. 

Oy'ster,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  about  30  miles  E. 
of  Amoy.     Lat.  24°  38'  N.;  Ion.  118°  39'  E.. 

Oyster  Bay,  of  New  York,  extends  from  Long  Island 
Sound  into  Queens  co. 

Oyster  Bay,  Tasmania,  is  on  the  W.  coast,  in  lat.  42° 
40'  S.,  Ion.  148°  2'  E. 

Oyster  Bay,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  in 
Oyster  Bay  township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  York, 
and  24  miles  N.  of  Syosset.  It  contains  6  churches.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  New  York.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded"  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  S.  by  the 


Atlantic  Ocean.     It  contains  Glen  Cove  and  other  villages. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  13,870. 

Oyster  Creek,  Texas,  flows  nearly  parallel  with  Brazoa 
River,  through  Fort  Bend  and  Brazos  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Oyster  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  and 
a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Columbia  to  Houston,  8  miles 
E.  of  Columbia.     Here  are  2  churches. 

Oyster  Harbor,  Southwest  Australia,  is  an  inlet  of 
King  George  Sound,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Albany. 

Oyster  Island,  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Sligo,  in  Sligo  Bay.     It  ha«  two  light-houses. 

Oy'stermouth,  a  sea  bathing-place  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Glamorgan,  5  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Swansea,  on  Swansea 
Bay.     It  has  an  oyster-fishery.     Pop.  of  parish,  3574. 

Oyster  Pond,  New  York.    See  Orient. 

Oyster  Ponds,  or  Goose  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Guysborough  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Chedabucto  Bay,  14 
miles  from  Guysborough.     Pop.  100. 

Oy'sterville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pacific  oo., 
Washington,  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Shoalwater  Bay,  about 
1  mile  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  75  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Olympia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  oyster-fishery.     P.  104. 

O.  Z.,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Ozaka,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Osaka. 

Ozama,  o-s&'m&,  a  river  of  Hayti,  rises  in  the  central 
range  of  the  island,  flows  first  S.E.,  then  S.W.,  and  enters 
the  sea  at  Santo  Domingo.     Length,  50  miles. 

O^zan',  a  post-hamlet  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark.,  30  mileb 
W.N.W.  of  Prescott.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ozara,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Ozora. 

O^zark',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  780  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Bryant's  Fork  of  the  same,  and  Beaver  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  other  trees.  Indian  com  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Gainesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3363 ;  in 
1880,  5618  J  in  1890,  9795. 

Ozark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  about 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  2 
grist-mills,  several  saw-mills,  general  stores,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1195. 

Ozark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little  Rock 
io  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  43  miles  below  Fort  Smith,  and  12R 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
4  churches,  an  academy,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  862. 

Ozark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  Beaver 
Creek,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  214. 
It  contains  Colony,  Welda,  and  Elizabethtown. 

Ozark,  a  post-office  in  Rich  township,  Anderson  oo., 
Kansas,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Ozark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Pinley  Creek,  about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Ozark,  Iron  co..  Mo.     See  Ozark  Mills. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Lawrence  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1752. 

Ozark,  Phelps  oo..  Mo.    See  Ozark  Iron  Works. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  638. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3485.  It 
contains  Marshfield. 

Ozark,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Ozark  Iron  Works,  a  post- village  in  Arlington  town- 
ship, Phelps  CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco 
Railroad,  at  Ozark  Station,  10  miles  W.  of  Rolla.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Ozark  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  A  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  at  Ozark  Station,  104 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  steam  saw -mill. 

Ozark  Mountains,  an  irregular  group  of  hills  of  the 
United  States,  W.  of  the  Mississippi,  in  Arkansas  and  Mis- 
souri, extending  N.E.  and  S.W.  between  the  Arkansas  and 
Missouri  Rivers,  and  partly  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

Ozau'kee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  230  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by  Milwaukee  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Mequon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Milwaukee  A  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western  Rail- 
road. The  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  touches  its 
S.W.  corner.  Capital,  Port  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,564;  in  1880,  15,461;  in  1890,  14,943. 


OZA 


2095 


PAC 


Ozawkie,  Ozankee,  or  Osawkie,  a  post-village 
•of  Jefferson  oo.,  Kansas,  in  Ozawkie  township,  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Topeka,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Oskaloosa,  which 
is  the  capital  of  Jefferson  County.  It  contains  4  churches 
and  1  or  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880, 965  ; 
in  1890,  1078. 

O^zean'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
Rappahannock  River,  and  about  8  miles  S.  of  Tappahan- 
nock,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Ozegna,  od-zSn'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  division  of  Turin, 
province  and  about  10  miles  from  Ivrea, 


OzensB)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  OaiEi.v. 

Ozieri,  o-ze-i'ree,  or  Othieri,  o-te-&'ree,  a  town  of 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  and  29  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Sassari.  Pop.  7966.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  college  and 
hospital. 

Ozone,  o-z5n',  a  post-ofiSce  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Ozora,  o^zo'r5h\  or  Ozara,  o^zSh'rCh',  a  village  of 
Hungary,  oo.  of  Tolna,  30  miles  S.  of  Stuhlweissenbnrg. 
Pop.  3800. 

Ozorkow,  Ozorkov,  or  Osorkow,  o-aoB'kor,  » 
town  of  Poland,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  It  hai  » 
great  spinning-mill.    Pop.  9058. 


P. 


Paaba,  pah'bab,  a  small  island  off  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  New  Caledonia,  near  the  twentieth  parallel  of 
S.  lat. 

Paaema,  pah'^-mah,  a  small  volcanic  island,  one  of 
the  New  Hebrides  group.     It  is  uninhabited. 

Paal)  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Pael. 

Paanopa,  pl-no'pd,,  or  Ocean  Island^in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  0°  50'  N.,  Ion.  167°  40'  E.,  is  of  a  cir- 
cular form,  and  about  15  miles  in  circumference. 

Paar,  p8.B,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  near  Friedburg, 
flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  the  right,  5  miles 
below  Ingolstadt.     Total  course,  70  miles. 

Paarl,  piRl,  or  The  Paarl«  a  town  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Town.  It 
is  a  pleasant  town,  with  streets  shaded  with  oak  trees. 
Pop.  5760. 

Pab'ba,  or  Pab'bay,  three  islets  of  the  Hebrides,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  one  at  the  N.W.  end  of  the 
Bound  of  Harris,  3i  miles  N.  of  Bernera,  another  6^  miles 
S.  of  Barra,  divided  from  Sandra  by  Pabba  Sound,  and 
the  third  in  Broadford  Bay,  Isle  of  Skye. 

Pabellon,  pi-v81-y5n',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  26  miles  by  rail  N.  of  ChaBarcillo. 

Pabellon  de  Pica,  pi-vSl-y6n'  di  pee'ki,  a  seaport 
«f  Chili,  50  miles  S.  of  Iquique.    Here  are  beds  of  guano. 

Pabianize,  pi-be-i-nee'zi,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Petrikau.     Pop.  5527. 

Pabillonis,  pi-bil-lo'nis,  or  Pavillonis,  p4-vil-lo'- 
nis,  a  village  of  the  island  of 'Sardinia,  20  miles  S.  of  Oris- 
tano,  on  the  Sairo.     Pop.  1277. 

Pabna,  pib'na,  less  correctly  Pnbna,  pub'na,  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal.  Lat.  23°  48'-24°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  3'-89°  56' 
E.  Area,  1838  square  miles.  Capital,  Pabna.  Pop.  1,211,594. 
It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Ganges,  and  E.  by  the  Brahma- 
pootra. It  is  a  level,  fertile  plain,  traversed  by  many 
water-courses. 

Pabna,  also  called  Pnbna,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Pabna  district,  near  the  Ganges,  in  lat.  24°  N.,  Ion.  89° 
17'  25"  E.  It  is  not  densely  built.  It  contains  government 
buildings,  a  hospital,  and  indigo-works.     Pop.  15,730. 

Pabos,  Quebec.     See  Grand  Pabos. 

Pacaja,  pi-ki-zhi',  PacOijaz,  pi-ki-zhiz',  or  Pa- 
caya,  pi-kS-yi',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parfi.  joins 
the  estuary  S.  of  the  island  of  Marajo  and  W.  of  Oeiras. 
after  a  N.  course  of  150  miles. 

Pacajes,  or  Pacaxes,  pSi-k&'Hds,  a  town  of  Bolivia, 
department  and  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Paz,  on  an  afSnent 
of  the  Desaguadero.  The  Sierra  de  Pacajes  (se-fiR'Ri 
d&  pi-ki'H§s),  not  far  from  the  above,  rises  to  15,100  feet, 
and  is  connected  with  the  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes. 

Pacaraima,  Sierra.    See  Sierra  Pacaraima. 

Pacasmayo,  pi-kis-mi'o,  a  seaport  of  Peru,  90  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Caxamarca.  It  has  a  hospital,  and  an  iron 
pier  i  mile  long,  and  is  the  principal  port  of  a  fertile 
region.  It  exports  much  corn,  rice,  coffee,  tobacco,  Peru- 
vian bark,  sugar,  silver  ore,  Ac. 

Pacandiire,  La,  Prance.    See  La  PACAUDiisE. 

Pac'awa  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  W.  part  of  Green 
Lake  co.,  and  is  an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  which  enters 
its  western  end  and  issues  from  the  eastern  end.  It  is  8  or 
9  miles  long,  and  nearly  2  miles  wide. 

Pacaya,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Pacaja. 

Pac6,  pi'si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ule-et-Vilalne,  4J 
miles  N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  650. 


Paceco,  p&-ohi'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.B.  ot 
Trapani.    Pop.  4236. 

Pacentro,  ^-chdn'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aouila,  4  miles  B.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  4032. 

Pace's,  a  station  in  Twiggs  co.,  Gti.,  on  the  Macon  ft 
Brunswick  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon. 

Pa'ces,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  oo.,  Ky.,  20  milea 
S.B.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pacha,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Pasha. 

Pachacaca,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Pachucaca. 

Pachacama,  p&-ch&-k&-m&',  or  Pachacamac,  p&- 
ch&-k&-m&k',  a  village  of  Peru,  department  and  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Lima,  with  a  ruined  temple,  from  which  immense 
treaaure  was  taken  by  Pizarro.  Opposite  the  coast  here  are 
the  islands  of  Pachacama. 

Pachang,  a  hamlet  of  Connecticut.    See  Griswold. 

Pacheco,  p&-chi,'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  1109. 

Pacheco,  pl-chi'ko,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co., 
Cal.,  on  San  Ramon  Creek,  4  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
Suisun  Bay,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  public  school. 

Pacheco,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. . 

Pacheco  Peak,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
about  lat.  37°  N. 

Pachino,  p&-kee'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  12  miles  S.  of  Noto,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Capo 
Passaro  (anc.  Pachy'num  Promonto'rium,  whence  the  name 
of  the  town).     Pop.  6452.     It  has  a  tunny-fishery. 

Pachitea,  pi-ohe-ti'i,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  in  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Andes,  about  lat.  11°  S.,  flows  circuitously  N., 
and  joins  the  Ucayale  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Pachit'la  Creek,  Georgia,  drains  part  of  Calhoun  oo., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  Ichawaynoohaway  Creek  in  Baker  co. 

Pa-Choo,  pi^choo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Pe- 
Chee-Lee,  capital  of  a  district,  50  miles  S.  of  Peking. 

Pachnca,  p&-choo'k&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  50 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mexico,  on  the  route  to  Tampico.  It  haa 
a  fine  church.     In  its  vicinity  are  silver-mines. 

Pachucaca,  p4-choo-ki'k4,  or  Pachacaca,  p4-ch4- 
k&'k4,  a  river  of  Peru,  department  of  Cuzco,  rises  in  Lake 
Pachucaca,  in  the  Andes,  and  joins  the  Apurimao  after  a 
N.  course  estimated  at  130  miles. 

Pacific,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Washington,  hat 
an  area  of  about  896  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Paoifio 
Ocean.  It  is  intersected  in  the  northern  part  by  the  Willapa 
River,  which  runs  westward.  An  inlet  of  the  ocean,  called 
Willapa  Bay,  penetrates  far  into  the  interior  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Lumber,  wool,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Oysterville.  Pop.  in  1870,  738; 
in  1880,  1645;  in  1890,  4358. 

Pacific,  a  township  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal.    Pop.  818. 

Pacific,  Cook  co.,  111.    See  Pacific  Jrwcriow. 

Pacific,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Maramec  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  beds  of  flre-olaj,  white  sand,  and  iron  ore. 
Pop.  1208. 

Pacific,  or  Youngs'viile,  a  post-village  of  Franklin 
00.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 


PAC 


2096 


PAC 


by   E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church  and   3   or  4  stores. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Pacific. 

Pacific^  a  post-hamlet  in  Pacific  township,  Colombia 
so.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  5  miles 
by  railway  S.  of  Portage.  The  township  contains  a  pop.  of 
247,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Portage. 

Pacific  City,  a  post-office  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluflfs  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.  of  Council  Bluffs.     The  name  of  its  station  is  Pacific. 

Pacific  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  town- 
ship, Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Pacific  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa, 
4  miles  from  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  <fc 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Council  Bluffs,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Glenwood. 

Pacific  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  above  Memphis. 

Pacific  Ocean,  or  the  Great  South  Sea  (L. 
Ma' re  Pacificum  ;  Fr.  Ocian  Austral,  o^si'ftn"'  SsHr&l',  Mer 
du  Sud,  maiB  dii  slid,  or  Grand- Ocian- Pacifique,  grisd- 
o*si^AN»'-pi*8ee^feek' ;  Sp.  Mar  Pacifico,  maRpi-thee'fe-ko; 
It.  Mare  Pacifico,  mi'ri  pi-chee'fe-ko ;  Ger.  Sildsee,  sUd- 
8&,  Orosaer- Ocean,  gros's^r-St'si-in,  or  Stille»-Meer,  stil'- 
l^s-mair),  by  far  the  largest  of  the  great  divisions  of  water 
on  the  surface  of  the  globe,  extends  from  the  Arctic  to  the 
Antarctic  Circle,  over  133  degrees  of  latitude,  and  from 
the  W.  coast  of  America  to  Australia,  Papua,  Java,  Su- 
matra, and  the  E.  coast  of  Asia,  or  through  nearly  160  de- 
grees of  longitude.  Area,  estimated  at  70,000,000  square 
miles,  exceeding  that  of  all  the  dry  land  on  the  globe.  In 
its  widest  part,  at  the  equator,  it  is  10,000  miles  across.  It 
is  usually  divided  by  geographers  into  the  North  and  South 
Pacific,  separated  from  each  other  by  the  equator.  The 
most  distinguishing  features  of  the  Pacific  are  the  count- 
less number  of  comparatively  small  islands  spread  over  its 
surface,  more  especially  of  its  equatorial  region,  and  the 
immense  chain  of  volcanoes  which  stretch  almost  continu- 
ously along  its  shores,  forming  one  vast  volcanic  circle. 
In  the  S.  it  is  separated  from  the  Antarctic  Ocean  only  by 
an  arbitrary  line ;  but  in  other  directions  both  its  bound- 
aries and  its  communications  with  other  oceans  are  well 
defined.  Its  coast-line  on  the  American  side,  though  gen- 
erally bold,  is  very  little  broken  by  inlets.  On  the  Asiatic 
side  it  is  very  irregular ;  the  chief  inlets  are  the  Celebes, 
China,  and  Yellow  Seas,  with  the  Seas  of  Japan,  Okhotsk, 
and  Kamchatka.  Its  principal  island-groups,  proceeding 
from  W.  to  E.,  are  Japan,  the  Koorils,  Aleutians,  Ladrones, 
Carolines,  Solomon,  Queen  Charlotte's,  New  Hebrides,  Fee- 
jee,  Friendly,  Society,  Low,  Marquesas,  Hawaiian,  and 
Galapagos  Islands,  and  New  Zealand,  besides  a  vast  multi- 
tude of  solitary  islands. 

Owing  to  the  vast  extent  of  the  Pacific,  the  general  laws 
oy  which  tides,  winds,  and  currents  are  regulated  suffer 
fewer  modifications  than  in  narrow  seas.  The  tidal  wave, 
commencing  at  the  equator,  diverges  from  it  towards  the 
poles,  and,  proceeding  with  vast  velocity  and  without  ob- 
struction, is  scarcely  perceptible  among  the  central  islands 
of  the  Pacific.  Hence,  in  the  Low  Archipelago,  at  Bow 
Island  and  Tahiti,  the  rise  is  only  1  foot,  and  at  the  Sand- 
wich Islands  2  feet.  It  is  only  when  by  the  proximity  of 
a  mainland,  or  by  other  similar  causes,  the  natural  course 
of  the  wave  is  changed  or  obstacles  to  its  progress  are  in- 
terposed, that  an  accumulation  takes  place  and  high  tides 
are  formed.  In  the  Pacific,  however,  these  never  attain 
the  maximum  heights  for  which  some  parts  of  the  Atlantic 
and  Indian  Oceans  are  remarkable.  On  all  the  W.  coast 
of  America  it  is  usually  below  10  feet,  and  only  in  the  Bay 
of  Panama  it  varies  from  12  to  24  feet. 

The  prevailing  winds  of  the  Pacific,  like  those  of  other 
great  seas,  are  divided  into  regular  or  trade  winds,  and 
variables,  the  former  blowing  from  the  S.E.  on  the  S.  and 
from  the  N.E.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  equator,  generally  within 
the  tropics,  though  sometimes  extending  as  far  as  30  degrees 
on  either  side  of  it.  In  the  W.  and  N.W.  parts  of  the  Pacific 
the  influence  of  the  monsoons  of  the  Indian  Ocean  is  strongly 
felt,  and  violent  typhoons,  for  which  the  China  Sea  is  noted, 
are  not  unfrequent.  In  the  E.,  along  the  whole  of  the  W. 
coast  of  America,  the  winds  differ  greatly  both  in  direction 
and  character.  Between  Behring  Sea  and  lat.  30°  N.  the 
winds  blow,  in  all  seasons,  in  every  direction,  and  no  kind 
of  regularity  can  be  traced.  From  lat.  30°  to  5°  N.  the  pre- 
vailing winds  strongly  resemble  monsoons,  blowing  gener- 
ally from  November  to  April  from  the  N.W.  and  N.E.,  and 
from  May  to  October  from  the  S.  or  S.W.  and  S.E.     The 


regions  within  the  sphere  of  these  winds  are  subject  to  vio- 
lent storms  and  tornadoes.  From  lat.  5°  N.  to  30°  S.  tht 
prevailing  winds  have  the  character  of  trade-winds ;  and 
from  lat.  30°  S.  to  Cape  Horn  the  north  and  south  mon- 
soons recommence,  often  blowing  with  great  violence,  par- 
ticularly from  the  S.  As  the  Cape  is  approached,  the  pre- 
vailing winds  become  S.W.  and  N.W.,  and  convert  the 
whole  tract  within  their  sphere  into  a  region  of  storms. 

The  currents  of  the  Pacific,  being  exhibited  on  a  much 
larger  scale  than  those  of  the  Atlantic,  are  not  generally  so 
strongly  marked  as  the  currents  of  that  ocean.  The  Ant- 
arctic drift  current,  flowing  apparently  from  the  icy  bar- 
riers of  an  antarctic  continent,  enters  the  Pacific,  and,  after 
proceeding  N.  to  New  Zealand,  trends  E.,  and  retains  that 
direction  till  it  impinges  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia.  The 
obstacle  thus  encountered  divides  it  into  two  branches,  the 
smaller  of  which  takes  a  S.  direction  and  enters  the  Atlan- 
tic by  doubling  Cape  Horn.  The  larger  branch,  to  which 
the  name  of  the  Peruvian  or  Humboldt's  current  has  been 
given,  proceeds  N.  along  the  coast  of  South  America  till  it 
meets  a  new  obstacle  in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Thence 
it  turns  W.,  and  proceeds,  under  the  name  of  the  South 
equatorial  current,  across  the  whole  width  of  the  Pacific,^ 
without  meeting  with  any  obstacle,  till  it  reaches  its  W. 
boundaries,  when  one  part,  striking  the  coast  of  Australia, 
turns  S.,  and  forms  the  Australian  current,  another  part, 
forcing  its  way  between  the  different  islands,  enters  and  is 
lost  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  and  a  third  part,  reflected 
by  the  coast  of  China,  turns  N.,  and,  on  reaching  the  isles 
of  Japan,  contributes  to  form  what  is  called  the  Japanese 
current.  The  configuration  of  the  islands  and  the  E.  coast 
of  Siberia,  and  a  strong  current  which  sets  in  from  the  N. 
through  Behring  Strait,  concur  in  giving  it  an  eastern  di- 
rection, which  again  carries  it  across  the  Pacific  to  the 
North  American  coast,  to  be  there  again  deflected,  first  S. 
along  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  and  then  W.,  when  it  finally 
becomes  merged  in  what  is  called  the  North  equatorial  cur- 
rent. Between  the  North  and  South  equatorial  currents, 
another,  occupying  a  narrow  zone  between  them,  has  been 
traced,  and,  from  pursuing  an  opposite  direction,  has  re- 
ceived the  name  of  the  equatorial  counter-current.  The  in- 
fluence of  these  currents,  particularly  that  of  the  Peruvian 
or  Humboldt's  current,  in  lowering  the  temperature  of  the 
warmer  regions  into  which  they  are  carried,  is  very  marked. 

The  Pacific  was  seen  for  the  first  time  from  its  E.  shores 
in  1513.  Vasco  Nunez  de  Balboa,  the  Spanish  governor  of 
Darien,  proceeding  on  native  information,  set  out  on  an 
exploring  expedition  across  the  isthmus,  and,  having  as- 
cended a  hill,  saw  the  boundless  ocean  spread  out  before 
him.  As  his  view  extended  chiefly  to  the  S.,  he  gave  it  the 
name  of  the  Mar  del  Snr,  or  South  Sea.  Before  Balboa's 
time  a  few  European  travellers  had,  however,  reached  the 
Chinese  shores.  It  received  its  present  name  from  the  cel- 
ebrated navigator  Magellan,  who  sailed  across  it  in  1521. 
In  the  eighteenth  century  its  different  parts  were  explored 
by  Behring,  Anson,  Byron,  Bougainville,  Cook,  Vancouver, 
Broughton,  La  Perouse,  Ac,  and  in  the  present  century  by 
D'Entrecasteaux,  Krusenstem,  Beechey,  Fitzroy,  D'Urville^ 
Wilkes,  and  Sir  James  Ross. 

Packanga,  p&k-k&ng'g&,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Penin- 
sula, on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  in  lat.  3°  30'  N. 

Pack'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Pack'erton,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  2  miles  below  Mauoh  Chunk.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  hotel.  Here  are  the  large  workshops  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  Company,  in  which  about  600  men  are 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  coal-cars  and  freight-cars. 
An  iron  railroad-bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 

Pack'erville,  or  Pack'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  in  Canterbury  township,  near  the 
Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad,  31  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Willimantic,  and  about  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Pack  Sad'dle,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Pack's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va. 

Packs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Packwau'kee,  a  post-village  in  Packwaukee  town- 
ship, Marquette  co..  Wis.,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Buffalo 
Lake  (which  is  an  expansion  of  Fox  River),  and  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Portage  City. 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  about  100  families. 

Pack' wood,  a  township  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  214. 

Paco,  p&'ko,  a  large  and  handsome  village  in  the  island 
of  Luzon,  in  the  environs  of  Manila.  Many  of  the  inhab'*-  ! 
ants  are  artists,  house-painters,  and  builders. 


PAO 


2097 


PAE 


Pacobahiba,  pi-ko-bi-hee'bi,  a  village  and  parish 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  12  miles  W.S.W,  of 
Mag6.     Pop.  2000, 

Paco'lett,  a  small  river  which  rises  in  Polk  co.,  N.C., 
and  passes  thence  into  South  Carolina.  It  runs  south- 
eastward through  the  cos.  of  Spartanburg  and  Union,  and 
enters  Broad  River  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Union. 

Pacolett,  township,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1312. 

Pacolett  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  oo., 
S.C,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
the  Pacolett  River,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Spartanburg.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Pacolett  (or  Pacolet)  Falls,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Polk 
CO.,  N.C. 

Pacora,  pi-ko-ri',  a  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
unites  with  the  Indio  to  form  a  considerable  river,  which 
enters  the  Pacific  E.  of  Panama. 

Pacto'Ia,  a  post-oflBce  and  mining-camp  of  Pennington 
CO.,  S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  36  miles  S.  of  Deadwood. 
Gold  is  mined  here. 

Pactolus,  pak-to'lQs,  a  small  ancient  river  (whose 
modern  name  is  Bagoolee,  or  Bagouly,  bi'goo'lee^) 
in  Asia  Minor,  joins  the  Sarabat  50  miles  E.  of  Smyrna. 

Pacto'las,  a  station  in  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Grayson. 

Pactolus,  a  post- village  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Tar 
River,  10  miles  above  Washington.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  Pactolus  township,  2060. 

Pacnhi,  p&-koo-ee',  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Minas-G^raes  and  Bahia,  and 
joins  the  Rio  Verde,  a  tributary  of  the  Sao  Francisco. 

Pady-snr-Eure,  pi^see'-siiB-UR,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Eure,  on  the  Eure,  10  miles  E.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1723. 

Paczow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Patzatt. 

Padanaram,  Massachusetts.     See  South  Dartuouth. 

Padang,  p&'d&ng,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
Dutch  East  Indies,  near  the  sea,  Lat.  0°  48'  S. ;  Ion,  100® 
20'  E.  It  has  a  large  export  trade  in  cofiFee  and  spices.  It 
is  the  seat  of  government  for  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Pop.  10,000, 

Padang  Island,  Strait  of  Malacca.     See  Appons. 

Padaong,  p4'di-ong',  Padonng,  p4-d6wng',  or 
Pad^ang'  Mew,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Prome.    Pop.  2894. 

Pad'dington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  a  N.W.  suburb  of  London,  3i  miles  W.N.W.  of 
St,  Paul's.  Pop.  98,813.  It  contains  Oxford,  Cambridge, 
and  Sussex  Squares,  and  Westbourne  Terrace,  also  the 
basin  of  the  Paddington  Canal  and  the  terminus  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway. 

Pad'dington,  an  eastern  suburb  of  Sydney,  Australia. 
Pop.  11,411. 

Pad'dock,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co.,  Neb, 

Pad'dy's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va, 

Paddy's  Run,  Butler  co.,  0.    See  New  London. 

Pad'elford's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ontario  co., 
N.T.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Padenghe,  pi-d8n'g4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Brescia, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Lago  di  Garda,  5  miles  from  Lonato. 

Pa'den's  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  in  Letart  township, 
Meigs  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  15  miles  above 
Pomeroy,     Here  is  Plants  Post-Office. 

Paden's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va, 

Paderborn,  pi'd^r-boRn^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 41  miles  S,  of  Minden,  on  the  railway  from  Berlin 
to  the  Rhine.  Pop.  13,701.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishopric, 
and  has  a  gymnasium  and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary.  In 
the  Middle  Ages  it  formed  part  of  the  Hanseatic  League, 

Paderno,  p&-ddR'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Milan,  6 
miles  E.  of  Monza.     Pop.  1439. 

Paderno,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Cremona,  10 
miles  E.  of  Pizzighettone.     Pop.  2095. 

Pad'iham,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  3 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Burnley.  It  has  active  manufactures. 
Pop.  6675. 

Padilla,  p&-deel'y&,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ta- 
maulipas,  12  miles  W.N.W,  of  Nuevo  Santander,  Iturbide, 
ex-Emperor  of  Mexico,  was  shot  here,  19th  July,  1824. 

Padillas,  pi-deel'yis,  a  village  of  Bernalillo  co,.  New 
Mexico,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  18  miles 
below  Albuquerque,     Pop.  in  1880,  350, 

Pa^dinalk'nad,  a  district  of  India,  province  of  Coorg. 
Area,  472  square  miles.     Pop,  32,356. 

Padiniim,  the  ancient  name  of  Bondeno. 

Pad'lock,  a  post-office  of  Suwanee  oo,,  Fla. 

Padon  a,  pa-do'ne-%,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 


Brown  co.,  Kansas,  5  miles  N.  of  Hiawatha,  and  65  milrt 
N.  of  Topeka.    It  has  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  of  township,  800. 

Pado'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  W.  of  New  Albany. 

Padova  and  Padone,  a  town  of  luly.    See  Padda. 

Padria,  p&'dre-&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sardinia,  20 
miles  S.E,  of  Algbero.     Pop.  1672. 

Padrdes,  pi-dro'45s,  or  Padro'nes,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Algarve,  19  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ourique,  on  th« 
Oeiras.     Pop.  1428. 

Padron,  pi-dr5n'  (ano,  Pria  Fla'via),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Corunna,  19  miles  S.S,W,  of  Santiago  de  Compostela,  on 
the  Sar.  Pop,  5082.  It  has  a  collegiate  ohuron.  Being 
the  place  where,  according  to  tradition,  the  body  of  St. 
James  landed  itself,  it  is  greatly  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage. 

Pad'stow  (oorrupted  from  Patuek-Stoioe),  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the  Camel,  at  it« 
mouth  in  St.  George's  Channel,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fal- 
mouth. It  has  many  ancient  houses,  a  church  of  an  an- 
tique structure,  and  a  custom-house,  with  imports  of  iron 
and  coal,  and  exports  of  tin,  slates,  and  sand.     Pop.  1991. 

Padua,  pad'u-a  (It.  Padova,  p4'do-vi;  Fr.  Padoue, 
plMoo' ;  anc.  Pata'vium),  a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Padua,  22  miles  W.  of  Venice,  on  the 
Bacchiglione,  and  on  the  railway  between  Vicenza  and 
Venice.  Lat.  45°  23'  41"  N.;  Ion.  11°  52'  43"  E.  Pop. 
66,208.  It  is  of  a  triangular  form,  is  surrounded  by  walls 
and  fosses,  and  has  7  gates.  Among  the  chief  objects  of 
interest  are  the  vast  and  curious  place  called  Prato  della 
Valle,  where  the  fair  is  held,  and  which  contains  an  island, 
encircled  by  a  canal,  the  banks  of  which  are  decorated  by  nu- 
merous statues ;  a  cathedral,  with  a  monument  to  Petrarch ; 
the  church  of  San  Antonio,  richly  decorated ;  the  Palace  del 
Bo,  or  of  the  University,  and  many  private  palaces;  and  a 
university,  with  a  botanio  garden,  a  gymnasium,  an  ecclesias- 
tical seminary,  an  observatory,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history, 
and  a  library  of  112,000  volumes.  The  celebrated  University 
of  Padua,  founded  in  the  thirteenth  century,  had  in  former 
times  students  from  every  part  of  Europe,  and  their  num- 
ber frequently  amounted  to  18,000.  Padua  has  manufac- 
tures of  silks  and  ribbons,  and  its  manufacture  of  olotb 
was  formerly  extensive.  It  was  anciently  the  most  im- 
portant town  of  Venetia ;  it  was  sacked  by  Alaric  and  by 
Attila.    It  came  under  the  power  of  the  Venetians  in  1405. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Paduan,  pad'u-^n  (It.  Padovano, 

p8,-do-v4'no). 

Padua,  or  Padova,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia. 
Capital,  Padua.     Area,  805  square  miles.     Pop.  364,430. 

Pad'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co..  III.,  in  Padna 
township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bloomington.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1249. 

Padu'cah,  a  city,  the  capital  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Tennes- 
see River,  about  48  miles  above  Cairo,  and  140  miles  below 
Evansville,  Ind.  By  railroad  it  is  225  miles  W.S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville. It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Louisville,  Paducah  <k 
Southwestern  Railroad,  and  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Paducah 
A  Memphis  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  national 
banks,  a  state  bank,  9  churches,  a  high  school,  3  grammar- 
schools,  a  rolling-mill,  a  foundry,  manufactures  of  chairs, 
furniture,  tobacco,  and  ploughs  and  other  farming-imple- 
ments, also  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3 
weekly  newspapers.  The  Paducah  University  has  recently 
been  established  at  this  place.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco, 
maize,  pork,  and  other  products  are  shipped  here.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6866;  in  1880,  8036;  in  1890,  12,797, 

Paducah  Junction,  a  station  in  Livingston  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chi- 
cago A  Paducah  Railroad,  1  mile  N.E,  of  Pontiac. 

Paducah  Junction,  a  station  in  Obion  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Nashville  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  B.  of  Union  City. 

Padul,  pi-Dool',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  milet 
S.S.W.  of  Granada,  S.  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.     Pop.  3161. 

Padul  a,  pi-doo'14,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
64  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  magnificent 
Carthusian  convent.     Pop.  8274. 

Paduli,  pi-doo-lee',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bene- 
vento,  n  miles  W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3573. 

Padus,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Po. 

Psejaene,  Paeaaene*  pi-yi'n^h,  or  PaUene- Jar- 
Wi,  pI-yi'n?h-yaR'vee,  a  lake  of  Finland,  mostly  in  the 
province  of  Nyland,  between  lat.  61°  and  62°  27'  X.  and 
Ion.  25°  and  25°  50'  E.   Length,  90  miles ;  breadth,  20  mllM. 

Pael,  or  Paal,  p&l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  provino*  o' 
Limbourg,  11  miles  N.W,  of  Hasselt.     Pop,  2580 


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PAI 


Paentipore,  pi-5n-te-por',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude, 
division  of  Seetapoor.     Pop.  5780. 

Paesana,  pi-i-si'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Saluzzo,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  6451. 

Paesi-Bassif  the  Italian  name  of  the  Netherlands. 

Paestanus  Sinns,  Italy.    See  Gulp  of  Salbkno. 

Paestum,  an  ancient  name  of  Pesto. 

Paete,  pi-i'ti,  or  Paita,  pi'ti,  a  village  of  the  Phil- 

nines,  island  of  Luzon,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Bay. 
'agahmion,  a  town  of  Burmah.     See  Pagham-Mew. 

Pagani,  pi-g&'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  12,492. 

Paganico,  pi-g4'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
5  miles  E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  4570. 

Page,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  528  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Nodaway,  Tarkio,  and  East  Nishnabatona 
Kivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Omaha  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  BluflFs  Railroad.  Capital,  Clar- 
inda.    Pop.  in  1870,  9975;  in  1880, 19,667;  in  1890,  21,341. 

Page,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  288  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River.  The  greater  part  of  the 
surface  is  a  fertile  valley,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  Forests  cover  a  large  portion  of  its  area.  Wheat, 
Indian  com,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone underlies  part  of  the  soil.  Copper  and  marble  are 
said  to  be  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Luray.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8462;  in  1880,  9965;  in  1890,  13,092. 

Page  firook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greene  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Chenango  Forks,  It  has 
2  saw-mills. 

Page  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  oo.,  Iowa,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Clarinda,  and  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Council 
Bluffs.     It  has  a  church. 

Page  City,  a  post-oflSce  at  Pageville  Station,  Lafayette 
eo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Lexington  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Page's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Page's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Warren  township,  2i  miles  from  Richfield  Springs.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory.     Here  is  Cullen  Post-Office. 

Page'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  oo.,  0.,  about  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Delaware. 

Page'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  about  82  miles 
fi  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Pageville,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Grayville  &  Mattoon  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

Pageville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  tobacco- 
warehouse. 

Pageville,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.    See  Page  City. 

Pageville,  Meigs  co.,  0.     See  Downington. 

Pag'ham,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  5  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Chichester.  An  inlet  of  the  English- Channel  here 
forms  a  harbor. 

Pagham-Mew,  or  Pagahmiou,  pi^gim^yoo',  a 
ruined  town  of  the  Burmese  dominions,  on  the  Irrawaddy, 
110  miles  S.W.  of  Amarapoora.  , 

Paglia,  pil'yi  (ane.  Pal'lia),  a  river  of  Central  Italy, 
rises  in  the  province  of  Siena,  and,  after  a  S.E,  course  of 
80  miles,  joins  the  Tiber  at  Orvieto. 

Paglieta,  pil-yi'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  4192. 

Paglione,  pM-yo'ni,  or  Paillon,  p4^y5n',  a  river  of 
France,  flows  S,S,W,,  traverses  the  city  of  Nice,  and  falls 
into  the  Mediterranean. 

Pagny-sur-Moselle,  p&n^yee'-siiR-mo^zfiU',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Strasburg 
Railroad,  12  miles  from  Metz,     Pop,  1040. 

Pago,  p&'go,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  .the  Adriatic, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Morlacca  Channel. 
Lat.  about  44°  30'  N.  Length,  37  miles;  breadth,  6  miles. 
Pop.  5000.  Near  its  centre  is  the  lake  or  inlet  of  Zascha, 
Pago,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  island,  is  on  Lake  Zascha, 
near  the  E,  coast.     Pop.  3219. 

Pago'sa  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains  or  Saguache  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state. 
It  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  and  is  12,674  feet  high, 

Pagosa  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Archuleta 


CO,,  Col.,  on  the  Rio  de  San  Juan,  115  miles  W.  of  Alamosa. 
Elevation,  7095  feet.  Here  are  hot  springs  with  a  tempera- 
ture of  185°  Fahr.     Pop.  250. 

Pagsailjan,  p&g-s&n-j&n',  a  town  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  in  Luzon,  on  the  Pasig,  above  Manila.    Pop,  4665. 

Paguenema,  pi-gi-n^'ml,  a  group  of  5  small,  low, 
coral  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Tagaik,  the  largest,  i» 
in  lat.  7°  4'  40"  N.,  Ion,  167°  56°  30'  E, 

Pagns  Albinensis.     See  San  Pierre  d'Albigny. 

Pahang,  pi-h&ng'  (Port,  Pam,  pin  ;  native,  Pa'dng),  a 
state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extending  along  its  E.  coast, 
mostly  between  lat,  2°  and  4°  N.  and  Ion.  103°  and  104° 
E.  Estimated  pop.  40,000,  mostly  Malays,  negrillo  hill- 
men,  and  Chinese.  The  products  comprise  gold,  rattans, 
gutta-percha,  dammar,  and  tin ;  the  latter  is  mostly  ex- 
ported to  Singapore.  'The  imports  thence  and  from  Malacca 
consist  of  opium,  silk,  rice,  tobacco,  salt,  cloths,  and  iron- 
wares.    Principal  towns,  Pekan  and  Undowe. 

Pahang,  a  river  of  the  Malay  peninsula,  Indo-Cbina, 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  3  head-streams  about  the  mid- 
dle of  the  peninsula,  after  which  it  takes  an  easterly  course 
and  enters  the  China  Sea  at  Pekan. 

Pahaqnar'ry,  a  post-township,  forming  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  Warren  co.,  N,J.,  is  bounded  on  the  N,W.  by 
the  Delaware  River,  It  comprises  part  of  the  Kittatinny 
Mountain.     Pop,  405. 

Paharpoor,  p8,^har-poor',  a  considerable  town  of  In- 
dia, near  the  Indus,  22  miles  N,  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan. 

Pahlnnpoor,  an  agency  of  India.     See  Palanpook. 

Pah^poond',  or  Phaphund,  fi-foond',  also  called 
Phuppoond,  fiip'poond',  and  Puh^poond',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Etawah.     Pop,  6536, 

Pah'reah,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Kane  oo., 
Utah,  40  miles  from  the  Colorado  River, 

Paicines,  pi-se'nis,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  oo..  Gal. 

Paige,  pSj,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bastrop  co,, 
Texas,  on  the  Western  division  of  the  Houston  A  Texas 
Central  Railroad,  43  miles  E,  of  Austin, 

Paijene-Jarwi,  a  lake  of  Finland.    See  P.sjiBHK. 

Paillon,  a  river  of  France.     See  Paglione. 

Pail'ton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  5  milei 
N.N.W.  of  Rugby,     Pop.  628. 

PaimboBuf,  p&H^bcf ,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
f^rieure,  30  miles  W.  of  Nantes,  on  the  Loire,  near  its 
mouth.  Pop.  2473,  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  school 
of  hydrography,  a  harbor,  and  building-yards  for  vessels, 

Paimogo,  pi-mo'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  N,N,W. 
of  Huelva,  on  the  route  to  Seville.     Pop,  1812, 

Paimpol,  piM^pol',  a  town  of  France,  C6tes-du-Nord, 
22  miles  N,W,  of  Saint-Brieuc,  on  the  English  Channel, 

Paincourt,  Kent  co.,  Ontario,     See  Dover  South. 

Painconrtville,  pii)<»^koorVeer,  a  post-village  of  As- 
sumption parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourohe,  about  66  miles 
W,  of  New  Orleans, 

Paine's  (p5,nz)  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer 
CO,,  N.Y,,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches, 

Paine's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rockford,     It  has  2  churches, 

Paine's  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Polk  oo..  Mo. 

Paine stown,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky. 

Painesville,  panz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  James  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  manufactures  of 
bricks,  salt,  and  shingles.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Titta- 
bawassee  Junction. 

Painesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  is 
finely  situated  in  Painesville  township,  on  Grand  River, 
and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  3 
miles  from  Lake  Erie,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  66 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie,  Pa.,  also  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Painesville  A  Youngstown  Railroad.  The  Grand  River 
here  flows  in  a  deep  and  picturesque  valley,  and  is  crossed 
by  a  railroad-bridge  which  is  800  feet  long  and  rests  on  5 
piers,  75  feet  high.  Painesville  contains  6  churches,  the 
Lake  Erie  Female  Seminary,  a  union  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  2  machine-shops,  3  sash-  and  blind- 
factories,  a  foundry,  2  flouring-mills,  a  large  nursery,  man- 
ufactures of  carriages,  steam-engines,  mill-machinery,  corn- 
shellers,  Ac,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers.    Pop,  in  1890,  4755 ;  of  the  township,  7558. 

JPaiuesville,  Vermont,     See  Essex  Junction. 

Paineville,  pan'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Pains  wick,  pinz'wik,  a  town  of  England,  co,  and  6 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Gloucester,  Pop,  4019.  It  has  a  spacioua 
church,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 


I 


PAI 


2099 


PAL 


Paint,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1742.  It 
contains  Bloomingburg. 

Paint,  a  post-hamlet  in  Paint  township,  Highland  oo., 
0.,  8  miles  S.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 
The  township  is  drained  by  Paint  Creek,  and  contains  New 
Petersburg  and  Bainsborough.     Total  pop.  2429. 

Paint,  a  township  of  Holmes  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1212.  It 
contains  Winesbarg. 

Paint,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  0.     Pop.  955. 

Paint,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1001. 

Paint,  a  township  of  "Wayne  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1418.  It 
contains  Mount  Eaton  and  West  Lebanon. 

Paint,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa,    Pop.  346. 

Paint,  a  township  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  923. 

Paint  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  17  miles 
N.  of  Alleghany  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  deposit 
of  red  paint. 

Paint  Branch,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A,  Ohio  Railroad, 
32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Branchville. 

Paint  Creek,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Clinton 
River  at  Rochester. 

Paint  Creek,  Ohio,  intersects  Ross  co.,  and  enters  the 
Scioto  River  from  the  W.,  2  or  3  miles  below  Chillicothe. 
It  has  affluents  called  the  North  Fork,  Rattlesnake  Fork, 
and  Sugar  Creek,  which  drain  Fayette  co.  and  part  of 
Highland  co.  Each  of  these  streams  is  nearly  50  miles 
long.  The  North  Fork  runs  southeastward  in  Ross  oo., 
and  enters  Paint  Creek  about  3  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Paint  Creek,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Fayette  co., 
runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Great  Kanawha  in  Kanawha  co. 

Paint  Creek,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1120. 

Paint  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas, 
about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Paint  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
at  Augusta. 

Paint  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va., 
at  Clifton,  a  village  on  the  Kanawha  River,  22  miles  above 
Charleston,  and  1  mile  from  Paint  Creek  Station.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     See  also  Lovell's. 

Paint'ed  Post,  a  post-office  of  Barber  co.,  Kansas. 

Painted  Post,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Conhocton  and 
Tioga  Rivers,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Corning.  The  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad  connects  here  with  the  main 
line.  This  village  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  machine-shop,  an  iron-foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  700. 

Painter,  Mifflin  co..  Pa.     See  Paintersvillb. 

Paint'er,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  li  miles 
from  Irwin.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Painter  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Darke  oo.,  0. 

Paint'erhood,  a  post-township  of  Elk  oo.^  Kansas. 
Pop.  443. 

Painter's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa., 
about  26  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Paint'er' s  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Paint'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  0.,  about 
24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Paintersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Decatur  township, 
Mifflin  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sunbury  &  Lewistown  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Paintersville,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Greensburg. 

Paint  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  N.C. 

Paint  Lick,  a  post- village  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Richmond  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad, 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Stanford.  It  has  a  church.  The  village 
is  partly  in  Madison  co. 

Paint  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Paint  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  <t  Charleston  Railroad,  near  Paint  Rook 
River,  21  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Paint  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Paint  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Roane  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Paint  Rock  River,  Alabama,  rises  near  the  N. 
boundary  of  the  state,  runs  southwestward  through  Jackson 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Madison  co.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Paints'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  oo., 
Ky.,  is  near  the  West  Fork  of  the  Big  Sandy  River,  and 
about  100  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  I S90,  806. 


Paint  Valley,  a  post-offioe  of  Holmea  oo.,  0. 

Paises  Bajos,  Europe.    See  Nethkblauds. 

Paishawur,  India.    See  Pesbawbr. 

Paisley,  p4z'lee,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
on  the  White  Cart,  and  on  the  Glasgow  and  Southwestern 
&  Greenock  Railways,  from  which  there  is  a  branch  to 
Renfrew,  7  mile«  W.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  of  borough 
(1891),  66,418;  of  the  whole  town,  about  75,000.  It  has 
numerous  churches  and  chapels,  of  which  the  old  collegiat* 
abbey  church  is  the  most  striking;  an  edaeational  insti- 
tution, a  government  school  of  art,  a  grammar-school,  a 
philosophical  institution,  county  buildings,  jail,  barracks, 
reformatory  and  ragged  schools,  poor-houses,  and  infirmary. 
The  Cart  is  navigable  to  Paisley,  and  a  canal  passes  the 
town.  The  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  silk  and 
other  shawls,  silks,  muslins,  cotton  thread,  and  ornamental  or 
fancy  goods.  There  are,  besides,  iron-foundries,  tanneries, 
breweries,  distilleries,  soap-works,  starch-works,  and  ex- 
tensive bleach-fields.  County,  sherifl",  and  commissary 
courts  are  held  here.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  town  coal, 
ironstone,  fire-clay,  and  potter's  clay  are  raised.  Professor 
Wilson  and  Alexander  Wilson  the  American  ornithologist 
were  born  here.  The  town  oocupies  the  site  of  the  Roman 
station  Vanduaria. 

Paisley,  a  post-village  of  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Teeswater  and  Saugeen  Rivers,  and  on 
the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  86  miles  N.W. 
of  Guelph.  It  contains  3  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  a 
brewery,  a  woollen-factory,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  news- 
paper office,  about  25  stores,  and  2  hotels.  Pop.  1000.  Sea 
also  Caledon  East. 

Paita,  a  village  of  the  Philippines.     See  Paete. 

Paizes  Baixos,  the  Portuguese  for  the  Netherlands. 

Pajares  de  los  Oteros,  p&-H&'rds  dk  loce  o-tA'rooe, 
a  town  of  Spain,  S.S.E.  of  Leon.    Pop.  1145. 

Ptyarito,  p&-H&-ree'to,  a  village  of  Bernalillo  oo..  New 
Mexico,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

Pfljaro,  p&'H&-ro,  a  river  of  California,  rises  on  th« 
slope  of  the  Coast  Range,  and,  flowing  westerly,  falls  into 
Monterey  Bay.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  Monterey 
and  Santa  Cruz  cos. 

Pajaro,  a  township  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  761. 

Pajaro,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Castroville. 

PfUaro,  a  township  of  Santa  Cruz  oo.,  OaL  Pop.  3114. 
It  contains  Watsonville. 

Paka,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Neu-Paka. 

Pak'enham,  a  post- village  of  Ontario,  oo.  of  Lanark, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  a  railway,  61  miles  from 
Brockville.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  woollen-factories, 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.    P.  600. 

Pakia,  pik'li,  Oosop,  or  Usop,  oo-sop',  a  river  of 
Northeast  Siberia,  in  the  country  of  the  Chookohees,  after 
a  course  of  about  200  miles,  forms  a  common  estuary  with 
the  Chaoon,  in  the  bay  of  that  name. 

Pak-PTam,  pik'nim',  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Menam,  4 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bangkok. 

Pak-Pattan,  pik-pit-tin',  or  Pauk-PetUem',  a 
town  of  the  Punjab,  near  a  greatly-frequented  ferry  over 
the  Ravee,  95  miles  S.W.  of  Lahore.  Lat.  30°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
73°  13'  E.     Pep.  6086. 

Pakracz,  pik^rits',  a  town  of  Slavonia,  oo.  and  23 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Posega,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Save.  Pop. 
1200.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 

Pakrojanty,  pi-kro-yin'tee,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  119  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  1600. 

Paks,  p6ksh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  62  milei 
S.  of  Buda,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  9070. 

Fakwan,  pik'wln',  a  town  of  China,  in  Che-Kiang. 
on  a  river  whion  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Hang-Chow. 

Pakwaukee,  Wisconsin.     See  Packwaukb*. 

Pala,  })4'll,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Palacios,  or  Los  Palacios,  loce  p4-li'the-oce,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles  S.  of  Seville.    P.  1835. 

Palacios  ae  la  Valduerna,  p&-li'the-oce  di  UL  v&l- 
doo-dR'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  milee  S.W.  of 
Leon,  near  the  Duema.     Pop.  534. 

PaMack'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellsworth  oo.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Harker. 

Palaj'a  (noAaia)  and  Palse'c  (n«Aa4o)  are  Greek  terms 
signifying  "  ancient,"  and  applied  to  numerous  sites  and 
places  in  the  East. 

Paltcocastro.    See  Gulf  of  Paubooabtbo. 

Palseopolis,  pl-le-op'o-lis  (».«.,  "ancient  city;"  anc 
E'lii),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  near  where  th# 
Peneus  issues  from  the  hUla,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gastoun* 


PAL 


2100 


PAL 


Palaeovonni,  a  moantain  of  Greece.     See  Hblicoit. 

Palaestina^  the  Latin  name  of  Palestine. 

Palaestro,  pi-li-fa'tro,  a  village  of  Italy,  proyinoe  of 
Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     Pop.  of  commune,  2456. 

Palafolls,  pi-li-fola',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  and  40  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1033. 

Palafurgel,  pi-li-fooB-nSl',  or  Palafargell  (?),  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Qerona, 
near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4597. 

Palagonia)  p&-I&-go'ne-&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  4909. 

Palais y  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lb  Palais. 

PalaiseaU)  p&M&^zo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2129. 

Palaja^  pi-ll'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,119. 

Palalawang,  pi-la-l&-w&ng',  an  important  market- 
^own  of  Sumatra,  province  of  Padang. 

PaPamcot'ta,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Madras, 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin.     Pop.  17,945. 

Palamcotta,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pondicherry. 

PalamoS)  p&M&-moce',  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  2043. 

Palamow,  or  Palaman^  paPa-mdw',  a  region  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  Lohardaga  district,  Bengal.  Area, 
4260  square  miles.     It  is  a  rocky  tract.     Pop.  366,519. 

Palancia*  p&-l&n'the-&  (anc.  Pallan'tia),  a  river  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  rises  about  4  miles  W,  of  Bexis,  and, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  45  miles,  enters  the  Mediterranean  4 
miles  E.  of  Murviedro. 

Palanka,  p5hMln'kSh\  Ned,  noi,  Deutsch,  doitoh,  and 
Alt,  ilt,  three  contiguous  villages  of  South  Hungary,  co. 
and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bdos,  on  the  Danube,  with  Roman 
Catholic  and  Greek  churches.     United  pop.  8440. 

Paranpoor',  PahManpoor%  or  Palhanpar,  p&^- 
lun-poor',  a  British  agency  controlling  11  native  states  in 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  province  of  Guzerat.  Total  area,  4800 
square  miles.  Pop.  502,586.  The  town  of  Palanpoor  is  80 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ahmedabad.  It  has  active  trade  and 
manufactures.  Pop.  17,189.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  state  of 
the  same  name,  with  215,922  inhabitants. 

PaUarm'y  a  post-hamlet  of  Faulkner  oo..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  17i  miles  N.W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  is  on  the  Arkansas  River. 

Palat'inate  (Qer.  P/alz,  pf&lts),  an  old  division  of 
Germany,  consisting,  first,  of  the  Lower  Palatinate,  or  Palat- 
inate of  the  Rhine, — chief  towns,  Mannheim,  Heidelberg, 
Bimmern,  and  Deux-Ponts, — and,  secondly,  of  the  Upper 
Palatinate,  in  the  N.  of  Bavaria.  The  whole  of  the  upper 
and  part  of  the  lower  portion  are  now  incorporated  with 
Bavaria,  forming  the  governments  of  Palatinate  and  Upper 
Palatinate ;  the  remainder  is  divided  among  the  states  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  Baden,  and  Hesse. 

Palatine^  pal'^-teen^  or  pal'a-tin^  a  post-village  of 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  in  Palatine  township,  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  891. 

Palatine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Bridgeton. 

Palatine,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2713.  It  contains  Palatine  Bridge,  Palatine  Church,  and 
Stone  Arabia. 

Palatine,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  opposite  Fairmont,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  77  miles  S.E.  of  Wheel- 
ing. A  good  suspension-bridge  connects  it  with  Fairmont. 
Palatine  has  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of 
threshing-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  860. 

Palatine  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Palatine  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk 
River,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  40  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
foundry.  Pop.  493.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects 
this  village  with  Canajoharie. 

Palatine  Church,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
In  Palatine  township,  on  the  Central  Raflroaxi,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Palatine  Bridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Palat'ka,  or  Pilat'ka,  a  post- village,  capital  of 
Putnam  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River, 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Augustine.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  moss-factory.  Cotton,  sugar,  and  oranges 
are  shipped  here  in  steamboats,  which  ply  daily  between 
Jacksonville  and  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3039. 

PaPaur',   a   river   of  India,  rises   in   Mysore,  flows 


through  Arcot  and  Chingleput  (Madras  presidency),  and 
enters  the  Indian  Ocean  42  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  Length, 
190  miles.     It  separates  North  and  South  Arcot. 

Palawan,  pi-14-win',  or  Paragna,  p4-ri'gwa,  an 
island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Borneo  and  the 
Philippine  Islands,  in  lat.  8°  37'  to  11°  30'  N.,  Ion.  117° 
to  120°  E.,  separating  the  China  and  Sooloo  Seas,  and  having 
S.  the  Balabac  Passage.  Length,  about  260  miles ;  average 
breadth,  30  miles.  Cowries,  gold,  ebony,  and  other  fine 
woods  are  among  its  products. 

Palazzago,  pi-lit-si'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Ber- 
gamo, 2  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Almenno.     Pop.  1691. 

Palazzo,  p&-l&t'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Po- 
tenza,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  6896. 

Palazzo-Adriano,  p4-lit'so-i-dre-i'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Palermo,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corleone.     Pop,  6835. 

Palazzolo,  p4-lit'so-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Friuli, 
with  3  churches  and  an  oratory.     Pop.  1300. 

Palazznolo,  pi-lit-soo-o'lo,  or  JPalazzolo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Brescia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chiari.     Pop.  4129. 

Palazzuolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  13 
miles  S.  of  Sora.     Pop.  1969. 

Palazznolo,  or  Palazzolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Syracuse,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Noto.    Pop.  10,138. 

Palcon'da,  Palcoon'dah,  or  Palacon'da,  a  town 
of  India,  district  of  Vizagapatam,  25  miles  N.N.W.  o' 
Chicaoole.     Pop.  8812. 

Palembang,  p&Mim-b&ng',  a  town  in  the  E.  part  of 
Sumatra,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  extends 
for  about  3  miles  along  both  sides  of  the  Palembang  or 
Moosee  River,  here  200  yards  across,  50  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  the  Strait  of  Banca.  Lat.  2°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  102° 
26'  E.  Pop.  25,000,  partly  inhabiting  houses  raised  on 
posts,  and  partly  living  on  rafts  moored  in  the  river.  It 
has  a  sultan's  palace,  and  dwellings  of  Arab  and  Chinese 
merchants.  Its  port  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. An  active  trade  is  carried  on  here  with  Java, 
Malacca,  Penang,  and  Rhio. 

Palembang,  formerly  a  kingdom,  now  a  Dutch  prov- 
ince, of  the  island  of  Sumatra,  on  the  S.  coast,  bounded  E< 
by  the  Strait  of  Banca.  Area,  61,908  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1889  (estimated),  655,228. 

Palena,  p&-l4'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  4079. 

Palencia,pi-14n'the-8.(ano.  Ai//aH'/to),acity  ofSpain, 
capital  of  a  province,  114  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid,  on  the 
Carrion,  an  affluent  of  the  Pisnerga.  Pop.  13,126.  It  is 
surrounded  by  an  old  wall,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
fine  Gothic  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and 
leather. 

Palencia,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  It  is 
fertile,  and  watered  by  the  Carrion  and  Pisuerga  Rivers. 
Area,  3128  square  miles.     Pop.  184,668. 

Palenqne,  p&-ldn'k4,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Chiapas,  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Cristoval.  About  7  miles 
S.W.  of  it  are  some  of  the  most  extensive  and  magnificent 
ruins  in  America.  The  principal  of  these,  called  "  the 
Palace,"  is  220  feet  in  length  by  180  feet  in  breadth,  with 
numerous  sculptures,  Ac. 

Pa'lensville,  or  Pa'lenville,  a  post-village  of 
Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Catskill  township,  10  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Catskill,  and  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  the  Mountain  House.  It 
is  at  the  E.  end  of  a  ravine  called  the  Cauterskill  Clove, 
and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  tourists  and  artists.  It  has  large 
boarding-houses,  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Palenzuela,  p4-lfin-thwi'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Palencia,  on  the  Arlanza,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Burgos. 

Palermo,  pi-lfin'mo  (Fr.  Palerme,  pa^l^Rm' ;  anc. 
Panor'miia),  a  fortified  city,  capital  of  Sicily,  with  a  port  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  island.  Lat.  of  light-house,  38°  8'  2" 
N. ;  Ion.  13°  22'  2"  E.  Pop.  in  1881,  205,712.  It  is  built 
in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre,  facing  the  sea,  and  is  en- 
closed by  an  old  wall.  Adjoining  the  water  is  the  fort  of 
Castellamare.  The  city  is  ornamented  by  numerous  foun- 
tains, and  has  many  handsome  edifices,  among  which  may 
be  mentioned  a  cathedral  of  the  tenth  century,  surmounted 
with  a  modern  cupola,  and  containing  many  fine  sepul- 
chral monuments  in  porphyry,  among  which  are  those 
of  the  Emperor  Frederick  II.  and  King  Roger  the  Nor- 
man ;  the  magnificent  churches  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Dom- 
inic ;  a  royal  palace  in  the  Norman  and  Saracenic  style, 
and  possessing,  among  other  objects  of  interest  and  attrac- 
tion, the  chapel  of  King  Roger,  rich  in  mosaics ;  the  pic- 
ture-gallery, the  armory,  the  observatory,  the  archiepis- 
copal  palace,  the  mint,  the  custom-house,  public  library, 
3  theatres,  and  numerous  structures  of  historic  and  archi- 
tectural interest.     The  port  is  enclosed  by  a  mole  1300  feet 


PAL 


2101 


PAL 


In  length,  terminated  by  a  light-house  and  a  battery ;  a 
second  interior  port  is  reserved  for  the  marine.  Palermo  ia 
the  residence  of  the  military  commandant  of  the  island, 
and  has  an  arsenal  and  ship-building  yards.  Its  university, 
founded  in  1394,  has  a  fine  library  of  40,000  volumes  and 
many  students.  The  town  has  a  botanic  garden,  and  nu- 
merous learned  societies.  The  chief  benevolent  institu- 
tions are  a  royal  hospital  and  a  foundling  hospital.  The 
manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  silks,  cottons,  oil -cloth, 
leather,  glass,  and  gloves  made  from  a  material  furnished 
by  the  pinna  marina.  The  trade  has  the  advantage  of  an 
excellent  roadstead  and  harbor,  and  has  greatly  increased 
since  the  construction  of  railways.  The  principal  articles 
of  export  are  sumach,  wine  and  spirits,  fruit,  sulphur,  skins, 
oil,  essences,  linseed,  cream  of  tartar,  liquorice,  and  manna; 
of  import,  colonial  produce,  woollen,  cotton,  linen,  and  silk 
tissues,  hardware,  earthenware,  &e.  The  fisheries  on  the 
coast  are  very  productive  and  carried  on  with  great  activ- 
ity, and  give  employment  to  nearly  4000  hands.  Founded 
by  the  Phoenicians,  Panormus  became  the  capital  of  the 
Carthaginian  possessions  in  Sicily.  It  appears  to  have  been 
a  place  of  considerable  consequence  in  ancient  times ;  the 
name  (Panormus),  signifying  "  All-port,"  may  be  regarded 
as  indicating  its  early  commercial  importance.  It  was  taken 
by  the  Romans  250  B.C. ;  it  was  afterwards  capital  of  the 
Saracen  states  in  the  island.  The  Normans  took  the  city  in 
1072.  In  1282  it  was  the  scene  of  the  massacre  called  "the 
Sicilian  Vespers."     The  court  of  Naples  resided  here  from 

1806  to  1815.     In  1860  it  was  captured  by  Garibaldi. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Palermitan  (?),  pa-ler'me-t^n  ?  (It.  Pa- 
LERMiTAJTO,  pi-l^R^me-ti'no). 

Palermo,  a  province  in  the  N.  of  Sicily,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Tyrrhene  Sea.  Area,  1964  square  miles.  Pop. 
617,678. 

Paler'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  oo.,  HI.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Hume,  and  22  miles  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Palermo,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  962. 
It  contains  Grundy  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Palermo,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Doni- 
phan CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  7  or  8  miles  be- 
low St.  Joseph,  and  about  14  miles  by  land  N.E.  of  Atchi- 
son.  It  is  on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Topeka  Railroad.   Pop.  138. 

Palermo,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Waldo  oo.. 
Me.,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta.  Pop.  of  township,  1223. 
Palermo  village  (also  called  Branch  Mills)  is  partly  in 
China  township. 

Palermo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Upper  township,  2  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Atlantic  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Palermo,  a  post-village  in  Palermo  township,  Oswego 
to.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  heading  and  staves.    Pop.  of  township,  2048. 

Palermo,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Bronte.     Pop.  150. 

Palermo  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in 
Palermo  township,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Belfast. 

Palestine,  pil'es-tine  (L.  Paltesti'na),  or  the  Holy 
liand  (L.  Terra  Sancta  ;  Fr.  Terre  Sainte,  taiR  siNt;  Sp. 
Tierra  Santa,  te-fiR'Ri  sfl,n't& ;  It.  Terra  Santa,  t^R'Ri  sln'- 
tl),  a  country  of  Southwest  Asia,  comprising  the  S.  part  of 
Syria,  extending  between  lat.  30°  40'  and  33°  32'  N.  and  Ion. 
33°  35'  and  35°  48'  E.,  having  N.  the  district  of  Lebanon, 
W.  the  Mediterranean,  and  S.  and  S.E.  the  Arabian  Desert. 
Length,  from  Mount  Hermon  in  the  N.  to  Kadesh-Barnea 
In  the  S.,  193  miles;  average  breadth,  75  miles.  Area, 
11,000  square  miles.  The  surface  is  generally  mountain- 
ous, being  traversed  by  branches  from  the  chain  of  Leba- 
T»on,  one  of  which  stretches  S.  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel 
to  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  forming  the  watershed 
between  its  basin  and  that  of  the  Dead  Sea ;  while  another, 
turning  more  to  the  E.,  extends  along  the  left  side  of  the 
valley  of  the  Jordan.  These  mountains  attain  their  great- 
est height  (about  10,000  feet)  in  Mount  Hermon.  None 
of  the  others  exceed  3000  feet;  but  many  of  them  have  ac- 
quired great  celebrity  from  the  wonderful  events  of  which 
tney  have  been  the  theatre.  The  most  remarkable  are  Car- 
mel,  forming  a  promontory  in  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
S.W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Acre;  Mount  Tabor,  or  the  modem 
Jebel  Toor,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  plain  of  Bsdrae- 
lon ;  Ebal  and  Gerizim,  in  the  valley  of  Samaria ;  Gilead 
and  Nebo,  or  Pisgah,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Jordan ;  and 
Zion,  Moriah,  and  the  Mount  of  Olives,  in  and  near  Jeru- 
salem. The  latter  has  an  elevation  of  2536  feet.  The 
country  generally  is  of  trap  formation,  with  volcanic  rocks 
in  several  localities.  An  oolitic  limestone  and  indurated 
chalk  rock  prevail,  in  which  are  numerous  caverns.     The 


mountains  are  separated  by  deep  valleys  or  level  plains, 
and  the  whole  country  is  rich  in  natural  beauty.  The  soil 
is  remarkably  fertile,  but,  as  the  climate  requires  irrigation, 
and  careful  culture  is  wanting,  the  land  is  comparatively 
barren  ;  yet  its  natural  fertility  fully  justifies  the  early  de- 
scription given  of  it  as  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey. 
It  is  watered  by  numerous  streams,  the  most  important  of 
which  is  the  Jordan,  flowing  in  a  valley  remarkable  for  it« 
depth,  the  take  of  Tabareeyeh,  through  which  it  flows, 
being  84  feet,  and  that  of  the  Dead  Sea,  into  which  it  falls, 
being  1337  feet  below  sea-level.  The  other  principal  rivers 
are  the  Jabok,  an  affluent  of  the  Jordan,  the  Eishon,  which 
flows  into  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  Nahr  Naman,  or 
Belus.  The  climate  in  the  dry  season  is  very  fine,  with  a 
bright  sky  and  no  rain.  Gentle  rains,  with  west  winds, 
commence  in  October  and  fall  regularly  in  November  and 
December.  Rain  continues  at  intervals  more  or  less  till 
March,  after  which  none  falls  during  all  the  harvest, 
which  is  in  May  and  June,  or  in  the  summer  which  euc- 
ceeds.  Winter  frosts  are  slight,  except  in  high  positions, 
where  snow  occasionally  falls ;  the  heat  of  summer  in  the 
low  valleys  is  great,  but  not  oppressive  in  other  situations. 

The  name  Palestine,  derived  from  the  Hebrew  PeUteheth, 
and  meaning  the  land  of  the  Philistines,  does  not  occur  in 
Scripture,  and  is  properly  applicable  only  to  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  country,  stretching  along  the  shores  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean. Its  most  ancient  name  was  Canaan,  which  it  evi- 
dently owed  to  the  descent  of  its  inhabitants  from  Canaan, 
the  fourth  son  of  Ham,  and  a  grandson  of  Noah.  When 
thus  named  in  the  time  of  the  patriarchs,  it  was  parcelled 
out  among  a  number  of  independent  tribes  or  nations :  the 
Kenites,  Kennizzites,  and  Kadmonites,  on  the  E.  of  the  Jor- 
dan; the  Hittites,  Perizzites,  Jebusites,  and  Amorites,  in 
the  hill  country  of  the  S. ;  the  Canaanites  proper,  in  the 
centre,  from  the  Jordan  to  the  coast;  the  Girgashites,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Tabareeyeh ;  the  Hivites,  on  the 
N.,  among  the  ramifications  of  Lebanon;  the  Philistines,  on 
the  S.,  and  the  Phoenicians,  on  the  N.  coast.  In  the  time 
of  Moses  the  country  E.  of  the  Jordan  was  conquered  and 
divided  among  the  tribes  of  Reuben  and  Gad  and  the  half- 
tribe  of  Manaaseh.  Under  Joshua  the  work  of  conquest 
was  carried  on  to  the  W.  of  the  Jordan,  and  the  whole  ter- 
ritory, though  not  to  the  extent  originally  promised,  al- 
lotted to  the  remaining  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  and  the 
other  ten  tribes,  the  larger  portion  of  the  S.  falling  to  the 
tribes  of  Judah  and  Benjamin.  Under  Solomon  the  work 
of  conquest  appears  to  have  been  completed,  and  all  the 
land  which  was  originally  promised  was  included  within 
the  limits  of  his  kingdom.  By  the  folly  of  his  son  Reho- 
boam,  the  kingdom  was  rent  in  twain,  and  subdivided  into 
the  separate  kingdoms  of  Judah  in  the  S.  and  Israel  in  the 
N.  The  latter  kingdom  was  often  designated  by  the  name 
of  Samaria,  its  capital.  The  division  of  the  country  into 
tribes  was  completely  broken  up  by  the  Captivity,  which 
carried  away  ten  of  them  permanently  and  supplied  their 
place  by  a  new  colony.  After  the  destruction  of  the  Baby- 
lonian Empire,  Palestine  fell  under  the  dominion,  first  of 
the  Persians  and  then  of  the  Macedonians.  In  the  time 
of  our  Saviour,  when  the  Romans  had  established  their 
ascendency,  it  was  divided  into  the  four  provinces  of  Gali- 
lee in  the  N.,  Samaria  in  the  centre,  Judaea  in  the  S.,  and 
Peraea,  which  included  all  the  country  E.  of  the  Jordan. 
Under  Constantine,  Palestine,  now  regarded  as  the  Holy 
Land,  acquired  new  interest,  and  recovered  in  some  degre* 
from  the  calamities  by  which  it  had  been  laid  desolate; 
and  in  396,  on  the  division  of  the  Roman  Empire  byTheo- 
dosius,  Palestine  became  a  province  of  the  empire. 

In  the  fifth  century  the  country  was  divided  ecclesiasti- 
cally into  the  first,  second,  and  third  Palestine;  the  Ist 
comprising  Judsea,  capital,  Caesarea ;  2d,  Samaria,  Galilee, 
Ac,  capital,  Scytbopolis  or  Bethshan;  and  the  3d  the 
countries  E.  and  S.  of  the  Dead  Sea,  capital,  Pelra,  over 
all  which  sees  Jerusalem  was  subsequently  erected  into  a 
patriarchate.  Palestine  continued  a  Roman  province  till 
the  spread  of  Islamism,  to  which  it  soon  fell  a  prey ;  and 
Omar,  in  686,  after  taking  possession  of  its  capital,  con- 
verted it  into  one  of  the  provinces  of  his  caliphate.  The 
severities  exercised  towards  the  Christians,  having  roused 
the  indignation  of  Europe,  gave  rise  to  the  crusades,  and 
Jerusalem  became  for  a  time  the  capital  of  a  Christian  king- 
dom. Ultimately,  however,  Mohammedanism  prevailed,  and 
Palestine  sank  into  a  degraded  state,  from  which,  as  yet, 
it  has  not  shown  many  symptoms  of  recovering.  The  sul- 
tans of  Egypt  ruled  it  till  1517,  when  it  was  taken  by  Selim 
I.  and  incorporated  with  the  Turkish  Empire. 

Palestine,  p&l'es-tln  or  p&l-es-teen',  a  poat-offioe  of 
Cleburne  oo.,  Ala. 


PAL 


2102 


PAL 


Palestine,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Memphis  <fc  Little  Rock  Railroad,  53  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  a  church. 

Palestine,  a  post-village  in  Palestine  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  111.,  7  miles  B.  of  Robinson,  about  2  miles  W.  of 
the  Wabash  River,  and  35  miles  8.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper oflSce,  a  woollen-mill,  and  2  plough-factories.  Pop. 
about  900;  of  the  township,  1988. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Woodford  co.,  111.     P.  1325. 

Palestine,  a  small  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  5^ 
miles  E.  of  Brookville.     It  has  a  church. 

Palestine,  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.    See  New  Palestine. 

Palestine,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township,  Kos- 
ciusko CO.,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  and  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  2  churches, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  about  54  miles 
S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  898. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Sumner  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River.     Pop.  400. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  parish,  La., 
about  70  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2430. 
Palestine  Station  is  at  New  Palestine  (which  see). 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  16  miles  E.  of 
Winchester. 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  18  miles  above  Cincinnati.  Here  is  New  Pales- 
tine Post-Office. 

Palestine,  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  East  Palestine. 

Palestine  (German  Post-Office),  a  village  in  Qerman 
township,  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 
It  has  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  264. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  Deer 
Creek,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Palestine,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  New  Palestine. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn.,  about  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  from 
Obion  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  grist-miU,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  200. 

Palestine,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  152  miles 
N.  of  Houston,  84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Longview,  and  91  miles 
N.E.  of  Hearne.  It  is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  a  branch  rail- 
road which  extends  180  miles  to  Austin.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  brass  and  iron.  A  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5838. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
is  near  the  Greenbrier  River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Palestine,  a  village  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Little 
Kanawha  River,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  itsc. 

Palestine,  a  post-town  of  Manitoba,  on  the  Jordan 
River,  14  miles  S.  of  Manitoba  Lake,  and  100  miles  W.  of 
Winnipeg. 

Palestine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Palestrina,  pi-14s-tree'ni  (anc.  Prtenes'te),  an  episco- 
pal city  of  Central  Italy,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.  Pop. 
6015.  Its  walls  present  successively  the  architecture  of  the 
Pelasgic  era  and  of  the  Roman  periods.  The  modern  town 
is  built  on  the  site  of  the  Temple  of  Fortune,  erected  by 
Sylla.  It  has  some  interesting  churches,  an  old  palace  of 
the  Barberini  family,  and  a  castle,  once  the  chief  strong- 
hold of  the  Colonna,  to  whom  the  town  belonged. 

Palestrina,  an  island  of  Italy.     See  Pelestrina. 

Palfnriana,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yenorell. 

Palghant,  or  Palghat,  p&l-gawt',  also  called  Panl- 
ghantcherry,  pawl-gawt-cher'ree,  a  fortified  town  of  In- 
dia, district  of  Malabar,  30  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Coim- 
batoor,  in  a  famous  pass  of  the  Western  Ghauts.  It  has  a 
large  trade  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  30,752. 

Palhanpoor,  an  agency  of  India.    See  Palanpoor. 

Paliano,  pi-le-&'no,  a  fortified  town  of" Central  Italy, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Anagni.  Pop.  5100.  It  is  enclosed  by 
strong  walls,  and  accessible  only  on  one  side. 

Palibothra,  an  ancient  name  of  Patna. 

Paliggiano,  pi-lid-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecoe,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Taranto.    Pop.  2000. 

Palighant,  British  India.     See  Palghaut. 

Palinari  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Palinttro. 

P?ilinnrus  Shoal,  Arabia.    See  Abd-bl-Kooreb. 


PalHsade',  a  post-village  of  Eureka  cc,  Nevada,  on 
the  Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad, 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Elko.  It  is  near  the  high  cliffs  or  bluffs 
called  Palisades.  It  has  an  active  trade  with  the  miners 
of  the  White  Pine  District.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Eureka 
&  Palisade  Railroad. 

Palisade,  a  post-offioe  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D. 

Palisades,  p4ri-s5dz',  the  name  of  a  long  bluff  or 
precipice  which  extends  along  the  W.  shore  of  the  Hudson 
River,  in  Rockland  co.,  N.T.,  and  Bergen  and  Hudson 
COS.,  N.J.  It  is  formed  of  basalt  or  trap  rock,  is  nearly 
straight,  about  18  miles  long,  and  in  some  places  480  feet 
high. 

Palisades,  formerly  Rock'land,  a  post-village  in 
Orangetown  township,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson 
River,  at  the  northern  end  of  the  Palisades,  and  adjacent  t« 
Sneden's  Landing,  IJ  miles  from  Sparkill  Station,  which 
is  24  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  The  site 
is  elevated  about  200  feet  above  the  river,  and  commands  a 
beautiful  view.  Here  are  several  fine  country- seats  and 
villas.     Pop.  about  400. 

Paliseul,  p4Mee*zul',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Luxembourg,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1210. 

Palisse,  La,  1&  p&Meess',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier, 
27  miles  S.E.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1796. 

Palk's  (pawks)  Strait  is  that  portion  of  the  Indian 
Ocean  separating  Ceylon  from  the  mainland  of  India,  lat. 
10°  N.,  Ion.  80°  E.,  and  where  narrowest  40  miles  across 
It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  island  of  Ramisseram. 

Pallene,  the  ancient  name  of  Cassandra. 

Pal  Lahara,  p&l  l&-hd,'r&,  a  native  state  of  India,  in 
Orissa,  lat.  21°  8.5'  to  21°  40'  35"  N.,  and  Ion.  85°  3'  to  85<> 
21.5'  E.  Area,  452  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  moun- 
tainous, with  valuable  forests.  Capital,  Lahara,  a  village 
in  lat.  21°  26'  N.,  Ion.  85°  13'  46"  E.  It  is  governed  by  s 
rajah,  tributary  to  the  British.     Pop.  15,450. 

Pallantia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Palanoia. 

Pallantia,  the  ancient  name  of  Palencia. 

Pallanza,  p&l-I&n'z&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on 
La£o  Maggiore,  5  miles  E.  of  Gravellona.     Pop.  3534. 

Pal'Ias,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  about  34  miles 
N.  of  Harrisburg. 

Pal'ias-Ken'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  700. 

Pallee,  p&l'lee,  a  large  commercial  town  of  India,  do- 
minion and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Joodpoor,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Loonee  River.  It  is  a  great  entrepdt  for  Malwah  opium 
in  its  transit  to  Bombay,  Ac,  and  it  has  a  considerable  im- 
port  trade  in  chintz  and  European  manufactures. 

Pallia,  p&rie-&,  a  town  of  British  India,  84  miles  S.E. 
of  Hyderabad. 

Pallia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Paolia. 

Pal 'lice,  or  Pal'Ias,  a  hamlet  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Longford,  1^  miles  S.E.  of  Ballymahon.  Oliver  Goldsmith 
was  bom  here  in  1731. 

Pallicoonda,  p&l-le-koon'di,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  28  miles  W.  of  Arcot. 

Pal'liser  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Low 
Archipelago.     Lat.  15°  S. ;  Ion.  145°  W. 

Pall  Mall,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Knox^nlle. 

Pallo,  p&l'lo^  or  Rab'bit  Island,  a  small  island  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  Sangir  Island.  Lat.  3°  5'  N. ; 
Ion.  125°  30'  E. 

Pal  I  nan,  a  village  of  France.     See  Paluau. 

Palm,  pim,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  AUentown. 

Pal  ma,  pil'mi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta^  4 
miles  S.  of  Nola.     Pop.  7071. 

Palma,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  its  S.W.  coast,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Girgenti.  Pop.  13,497.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
almonds,  dried  fruits,  soda,  wine,  and  sulphur. 

Palma,  pil'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles 
N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop,  4112. 

Palma,  pM'mS,,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  capital  of 
the  island  of  Majorca  and  of  the  province  of  the  Balearic 
Isles,  with  a  fine  harbor  in  the  Bay  of  Palmas,  on  its  S.W. 
coast,  130  miles  S.  of  Barcelona.  Lat.  39°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  45' 
E.  Pop.  68,224.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre, 
and  surrounded  by  a  wall  36  feet  thick,  with  13  bastions 
and  8  gates,  3  fronting  the  sea  and  5  facing  the  land.  The 
streets  are  narrow  ;  many  of  them  are  paved  and  provided 
with  footwalks  laid  with  tiles.  The  principal  public  buildings 
are  the  cathedral,  the  exchange,  a  splendid  structure,  the  pal- 
ace of  the  governor,  and  the  town  house.  There  are  7  parish 
churches,  many  convents,  severable  charitable  institutions, 
a  lazaretto,  and  a  general  hospital.     Among  the  educational 


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institutions  may  be  specified  the  academy  of  medicine  and 
surgery,  the  Chirurgical,  a  normal  school,  an  institute  where 
the  higher  branches  of  education  are  taught,  a  nautical 
■ehool,  the  Colegio  de  Sapienza,  for  poor  young  men,  a  school 
for  orphan  girls,  the  Colegio  de  Crianza,  for  young  ladies  of 
rank,  and  the  Colegio  de  Pureza,  also  for  females,  2  public 
libraries,  a  museum  of  paintings,  and  ship-building  yards 
which  employ  numerous  hands  in  the  construction  of  swift 
lateen  vessels.  Two  light-houses  stand  at  the  entrance  of 
Porti  Pi,  a  narrow  road,  where  the  larger  vessels  anchor. 
About  midway  between  the  city  and  Porto  Pi  is  the  castle 
of  Bellver.     The  town  is  the  terminus  of  2  railways. 

Palma  is  the  port  for  the  whole  island.  It  has  important 
coastwise,  foreign,  and  colonial  trade.  The  manufactures 
comprise  cotton,  linen,  woollen,  and  silk  tissues,  soap,  glass, 
brandy,  thread,  ropes,  shoes,  boots,  pottery,  castings,  and 
tiles,  besides  a  number  of  oil-  and  flour-mills.  Palma  is  the 
residence  of  the  captain-general  of  Majorca. 

Palma,  or  San  Alignel  de  Palma,  s&n  mee-gh£l' 
dk  p&l'm&,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  its 
W.  extremity  being  in  lat.  28°  45'  N.,  Ion.  17°  50'  W., 
being  26  miles  long  and  16  miles  broad.  Area,  333  square 
miles.  Pop.  33,089.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  great  eleva- 
tion, several  of  its  peaks  being  upwards  of  7000  feet  in 
height.  The  valleys  are  highly  fertile,  and  the  island  is 
well  wooded.  Principal  products,  wine,  fruits,  honey,  wax, 
silk,  and  sugar.     Chief  town,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Palma. 

Pal'ma,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ky.,  on  Clark's 
River,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Palma,  pil'mi,  a  small  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, and  a  river  and  cape  of  Cuba. 

Palma  del  Kio,  p&l'm'&  d£l  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Guadal- 
quivir, at  its  confluence  with  the  Genii.     Pop.  5391. 

Palma  Nuova,  pil'mi  noo-o'v&,  a  fortified  town  of 
Italy,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Udine.     Pop.  4214. 

Palmar,  p&l-maR',  or  Lugar  de  San  Jnan,  loo-gaR' 
Ai.  s8,n  Hw4n  or  Hoo-4n',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  3 
miles  S.  of  Muroia. 

Palmaria,  p4l-mi-ree'4,  an  islet  of  North  Italy,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  near  the  promontory  of  Porto- Venere, 
celebrated  for  its  fine  black  marble  with  golden  veins.  It 
bounds  the  Gulf  of  Spezia  on  the  S.W. 

Palmas,  a  river  of  Zanguebar,  East  Africa,  and  a  har- 
bor of  South  America,  Ecuador,  under  the  equator, 

Palmas,  a  small  island  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 

15  miles  N.W.  of  Buenaventura,  in  the  Bay  of  Chooo. 
Palmas,  Las,  Gran  Canaria.    See  Las  Palhas. 
Palmas,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Palhas. 
Palmas  Point,  Yucatan,  on  its  W.  coast,  near  Sisal. 
Palme,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Palmi. 

Palme  (p&lm).  Lagoon  of,  France,  in  Aude,  14  miles 
S.  of  Narbonne,  is  separated  from  the  Mediterranean  by  a 
narrow  island,  and  united  with  it  by  the  Strait  of  Franqui. 
Length,  about  2^  miles ;  breadth,  about  2  miles.  On  the 
W.  bank  is  the  village  of  Palme. 

Palmeiras,  pil-mi'ris  or  p4l-m4'e-ris,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  near  Curitiba.     Pop.  2150. 

Palmella,  p4l-mdri&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  6172. 

Palmer,  pil'm^r  or  pi'm^r,  a  post-office  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Ark.,  and  a  station  on  the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad, 
30  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Palmer,  a  post- village  in  Bear  Creek  township,  Chris- 
tian CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  warehouse  for 
grain,  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture.     Pop.  about  250. 

Palmer,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Sherman  tovraship,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Waterville.  It  has  2  grain-ele- 
vators and  2  dry-goods  stores. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Palmer  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Chicopee  River,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.  byN.  of  Springfield,  and  39  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Worcester,  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages  and  straw  hats.  It  is  the  southern 
terminus  of  the  Ware  River  Railroad. 

Palmer,  a  post-township  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  about 

16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S. 
by  the  Chicopee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Swift  River. 
Pop.  4572.  It  contains  villages  named  Palmer,  Bond's  Vil- 
lage, and  Thorndike. 

Palmer,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.    See  Orleans. 

Palmer,  a  post- village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mioh.,  on  the 


Marquette,  Houghton  St  Ontonagon  Railroad,  7  milec  S.S.S. 
of  L  Anse.     It  has  an  iron-mine. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Sherburne  co,,  Minn.     Pop.  47. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  of  Harmony  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  famace  for  smelt- 
ing leivd,  which  is  mined  here. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  434. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  671. 

Palmer,  a  station  in  Bucks  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Penr  • 
sylvania  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Northampton  oo..  Fa.     P.  1444. 

Palm  er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Honston 
A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas. 

Palmer  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  th« 
Hudson  River,  li  miles  from  Jessnp's  Landing. 

Palmer  Rapids,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Madawnaka  River,  55  miles  W.  of  Renfrew. 
It  contains  a  store,  a  hotel,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Palmer's  Land,  Antarctic  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Sonth 
Shetland  Islands,     Lat.  63°  25'  S.;  Ion.  57°  55'  W. 

Palmer's  (or  Morden)  Road,  a  poet-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  Counties  Railway, 
2  miles  from  Aylesford.     It  has  2  tanneries.     Pop.  100. 

Palmer's  Springs,  post-office,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Palmerston,  p&'m^rs-tpn,  a  seaport  village  of  Yio- 
toria,  Australia,  adjacent  to  Port  Albert.     Pop.  234. 

Palmerston,  a  seaport  village,  capital  of  the  Northern 
territory  of  Australia  (now  attached  to  South  Australia), 
on  an  excellent  harbor,  called  Port  Darwin,  24  miles  N.  of 
Southport.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  overland  telegraph 
with  the  ocean  cable  to  Java.     It  is  well  built.     Pop.  200. 

Palmerston,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  South  Island, 
near  the  sea,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Dunedin.  Another 
Palmerston  is  on  North  Island,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Foxton. 

Palmerston,  or  Saint  Louis,  a  post-village  in  Kent 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Kouchibouguao  River,  6  miles 
from  Richibucto.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  a  carding-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Palmerston,  or  Dry'den,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Elora.  It  contains  6  stores,  3  hotels,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Palmerston  Depot,  Ontario.    See  Ehbro. 

Palmerston  (p4'm§rs-t9n)  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  i.^ 
in  lat.  18°  4'  S.,  Ion.  163°  10'  W. 

Palmerstown  (pi'm^rs-tSwn)  House,  a  village  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Naaa.     Pop.  206. 

Palmersville,  pi'm^rs-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  9  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Palmersville,  a  post-office  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn. 

Palmertown,  pi'm^r-tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  New  London 
CO.,  Conn,,  in  Montville  township,  2  miles  from  Montville 
Station,  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton, 
paper,  and  wool. 

Palmetto,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  oo.,  Ala. 

Palmetto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manatee  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Manatee  River,  6  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  a  ohuroh. 
Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 

Palmetto,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  <H.,  on  the 
Atlanta  A  West  Point  Railroad,  25  miles  S,W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Palmetto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Cheraw  A  Darlington  Railroad,  4i  miles  from  Darling- 
ton Court-House.     It  has  an  academy. 

Palmetto,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  oo.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Palmetto  Creek,  Laurens  co.,  6a.,  runs  S.E,,  and 
enters  the  Oconee  River  about  9  miles  below  Dublin, 

Palmetto  Home,  a  post-office  of  Tasoo  oo.,  Miss.,  U 
at  Silver  City. 

Palmi,  pirmee,or  Palme,  p4l'mi,  a  city  of  Italy, 
province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reggie 
Pop.  10,025.  It  has  a  port  on  the  Gulf  of  Gioja,  and  SA 
active  trade. 

Palm  Key,  Florida.    See  Ana  Maria  Island. 

Palmoli,  p4rmo-le,  a  market-town  of  lUly,  province 
of  Chieti,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2962, 

Palmstown,  p4mz't5wn,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa,,  3  miles  from  Newville.     Pop.  40. 

Palmyra,  p41-mi'r»  (the  Tadmor  of  Scripture;  Qr. 
noA^vpa,  Palmara;  L.  Palmy'ra;  Fr.  Palmyre,  p4rmeeR'), 
a  ruined  city  in  an  oasis  of  the  Syrian  Desert,  120  miles 
N.E.  of  Damascus.  Lat.  34«»  18'  N. ;  Ion.  38°  13'  E.  Ito 
remains,  which  cover  a  surface  of  about  3  square  miles, 
consist  of  a  great  number  of  columns,  portions  of  a  Temple 
of  the  Sun,  occupying  a  quadrangular  space  of  220  square 
yards,  and  which   had  390  columns,  60  of  which  still  r» 


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2104 


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main ;  fragments  of  some  other  temples,  several  gateways, 
traces  of  an  aqueduct,  and  numerous  sepulchres  on  the 
sides  and  summits  of  the  adjacent  heights,  most  of  which 
edifices  appear  to  have  been  constructed  during  the  three 
first  centuries  of  the  Christian  era.  This  ancient  city  was 
founded  by  Solomon,  and  called  in  Hebrew  Tadmor,  that  is, 
the  "  city  of  palm-trees,"  of  which  the  Greek  IlaAAivpa  is  a 
translation.  In  the  third  century  it  was  the  capital  of 
Queen  Zenobia.  It  continued  to  be  inhabited  till  it  was 
taken  and  plundered  by  Timur  (Tamerlane)  about  the  year 
1400. Adj.  and  inhab.  Palmtrene,  p&l-me-reen'. 

Palmy'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  25  miles 
from  Pine  Bluff.     It  has  an  academy. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  1109. 

Palmyra^  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Macou- 
pin CO.,  111.,  12  miles  S.  of  Waverly  Station,  and  about  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  2  wagon- 
ehops,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  200 ;  of  township,  2400. 

Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  and 
a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  nearly  150. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1269. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Warren 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Indianola.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  and  manufactures  of 
stoneware  and  wool.  Pop.  226.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  South  River,  and  has  apop.  of  1118. 

Palmyra,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2065.  It  contains  Baldwin  City,  Prairie  City,  Vinland, 
and  Black  Jack. 

Palmyra,  a  hamlet  of  Simpson  co.,  Ey.,  abont  25  miles 
S.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  in  Palmyra  township,  Somer- 
set CO.,  Me.,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Skowhegan,  and  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Sebastioook  River,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  1322. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  carriages,  cigars, 
&c.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1720. 

Palmyra,  post-township,  Renville  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  231. 

Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  25  miles 
from  Vicksburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Palmyra,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Liberty  township,  5  or  6  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
at  the  junction  of  2  branches  of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph 
Railroad  (station  name.  Palmyra  Junction),  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Hannibal,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Quincy,  HI.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  about 
10  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  male  and  female  semi- 
nary, St.  Paul's  College  (Protestant  Episcopal),  which  was 
organized  in  1848,  the  Ingleside  Female  College,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  farming-tools,  and  wagons.     Pop.  2615. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Mid- 
land Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lincoln,  and  34 
miles  W.  of  Nebraska  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  of  Cinnaminson  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Camden.  It  is  near  the  Delaware  River.  It 
has  a  church. 

Palmyra,  a  handsome  post-village  in  Palmyra  town- 
ship, Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  on  Mud  Creek, 
and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Rochester,  and  13i  miles  W.  of  Lyons.  It  contains  5 
churches,  the  Palmyra  Classical  Union  School,  3  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop,  2  .furnaces,  and  manu- 
factures of  printing-presses,  grain-drills,  and  scales.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2131;  of  the  township,  4188. 

Palmyra,  a  post- village  in  Palmyra  township,  Halifax 
CO.,  N.C.,  i  mile  from  the  Roanoke  River,  and  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tarborough.  It  has  a  church  and  15  stores,  and 
is  a  shipping- point  for  large  parts  of  several  counties.  Pop. 
about  600 ;  of  the  township,  2345. 

'-  Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township.  Portage 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Alliance  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad",  14  miles  N. 
of  Alliance,  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ravenna.  Pop.  about 
300 ;  of  the  township,  848. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Londonderry  township, 
Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  16 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  about  600. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.     Pop.  570. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2481. 
It  contains  Hawley. 


Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Rail- 
road, about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  church. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Rivanna,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a 
court-house,  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  distillery. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Janesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  large  hotel,  2  flour-mills,  and  an 
artesian  well  750  feet  deep.  Pop.  793 ;  of  the  township, 
1576.     Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Palmyra  Junction,  Marion  co..  Mo.    See  Palmtra. 

Palmy'ras  Point,  a  headland  of  British  India,  in 
Orissa,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Braminy,  57  miles  S.E.  of  Balasore. 

Palmyre,  a  city  of  West  Asia.    See  Palmtra. 

Palo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  9  miles  fn^m 
Campagna.     Pop.  2950. 

Palo,  pi'lo,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  10,745. 

Pa'lo,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Columbus,  Miss. 

Palo,  a  post-village  in  Fayette  townahip,  Linn  co., 
Iowa,  near  the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Palo,  a  post-village  in  Ronald  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  Prairie  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Muir,  and  about  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  pump-factory.     Pop.  abont  300. 

Pa'lo  Al'to,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  contains  several  small 
lakes.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Em- 
metsburg.    Pop.  in  1870, 1386 :  in  1880,  4131 ;  in  1890,  9318. 

Palo  Alto,  a  hamlet  of  jasper  oo.,  Ga.,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Covington. 

Palo  Alta,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  oo..  111.,  about  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Centralia. 

Palo  Alto,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1274. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  West  Point,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Colum- 
bus.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 

Palo  Alto,  a  borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  near  the 
Schuylkill  River,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading,  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Reading  Railroad,  and  has  stations  called  Mill 
Creek  Junction  (which  see)  and  Palo  Alto.  It  has  a 
rolling-mill  and  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1424. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Palo  Alto,  pi'lo  il'to,  a  battle-field,  situated  near  the 
S.  extremity  of  Texas,  in  Cameron  co.,  between  Point  Isabel 
and  Matamoras,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  the  latter.  Here, 
on  the  8th  of  May,  1846,  the  Americans,  numbering  2111, 
under  General  Taylor,  defeated  6000  Mexicans.  The  loss 
of  the  former  was  32  killed  and  47  wounded ;  that  of  the 
latter,  252  killed. 

Paloan  (pi-lo-in')  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mindoro. 

Palo'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Palomares  del  Campo,  p&-lo-ml'r8s  dfil  kim'po, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Cuenca. 

Palombara,  pi-lom-b4'r4,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  8 
miles  N.  of  Tivoli.     Pop.  3844. 

Palombara,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Lan- 
ciano.     Pop.  2302. 

Paloo,  Palou,  or  Pain,  p&Moo',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  55  miles  N.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Moorad-Chai,  the 
B.  arm  of  the  Euphrates.  Pop.  estimated  at  1000  families, 
of  whom  400  are  Armenian  and  600  Mohammedan,  the 
former  employed  in  cotton-weaving,  dyeing,  tanning,  and 
other  manufactures,  the  latter  in  agriculture. 

Paloonshah,  p5,-loon'shi,  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Nizam's  dominions,  150  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hyderabad 


PAL 


2105 


PAM 


Pa'lo  Fin'to,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  traverses  Palo 
Pinto  CO.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River  from  the  W. 

Palo  Pinto,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Brazos  River,  which  runs  a  winding  coarse  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.,  and  also  drained  by  the  Palo  Pinto  River.  Capital, 
Palo  Pinto.     Pop.  in  1880,  5885;  in  1890,  8320. 

Palo  Pinto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  oo,.  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Windsor  Station. 

Palo  Pinto,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Palo  Pinto  co., 
Tex.,  about  100  miles  W.  of  Dallas,  and  6  miles  W.  of  the 
Brazos  River.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Palos,  pi'loce,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Huelva,  on  the  Rio  Tinto,  near  the  sea,  and  6  miles  below 
Moguer.  Here  Columbus  set  sail  in  1492  for  his  discovery 
of  America.     Pop,  1145. 

Palos,  pi'loce,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Celebes.  It  gives  its  name  to  a  fine  bay  in  the  Strait  of 
Macassar,  and  to  an  isthmus  which  joins  the  N.  peninsula 
to  the  S.  part  of  Celebes. 

Pa'los,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Des 
Plaines  River,  and  has  a  church.     Pop.  853. 

Palota,  piHo'tSh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.of  Csanad, 
26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arad.     Pop.  4349. 

Palota,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Veszprim.     Pop.  5536. 

Palou,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Paloo. 

Palouse,  pg,-looz',  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Palonse  (or  Pelouse)  River  rises  in  Idaho,  at  the 
W.  base  of  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  and  runs  nearly 
westward  into  Washington.  It  finally  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  lat.  46°  36'  N.  and 
Ion.  118°  13'  W.  It  is  nearly  220  miles  long.  Nine  miles 
from  its  mouth  it  forms  a  cataract  nearly  125  feet  high. 

Palpa,  p&l'p&,  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul,  near  the 
Crunduck,  58  miles  W.  of  Goorkha. 

Palpa,  pM'pS,,  a  village  of  Peru,  province  and  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Ifa,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific. 

Palte,  or  Palteh,  pil'ti  or  pil'tSh  (written  also 
Tambro)  Lake,  a  remarkable  lake  of  Thibet,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Lassa.  It  is  nearly  annular,  40  miles  in  diameter, 
and  contains  a  large  central  island,  in  which  is  a  temple. 

Palu,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Paloo. 

Paluau,  or  Palluau,  pi^U'o',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Indre,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ch^teauroux,  on  the  Indre. 

Palud,  La,  a  town  of  France.     See  La  Palud. 

Paludi,  pi-loo'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
eenza,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  1643. 

Paludi  Pontine,  the  Italian  for  Pontine  Marshes. 

Palus  Labeatus,  an  ancient  name  of  Scutari  Lake. 

Palus  Mseotis,  Europe.    See  Azof,  Sea  of. 

Palus  Tatsens,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tooz-Golee. 

Palux'y,  a  post-village  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Paluxy  (or  Paloxy)  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Erath 
CO.,  runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River  in  Hood  co. 

Paluzza,  p4-loot's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  2438. 

PalAval,  a  town  of  India.    See  Polwul. 

Palyad,  p3,-le-8,d',  an  inland  town  of  India,  Baroda 
dominions,  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cambay. 

Pamakassan,  pi-mi-k&s-s&n',  a  town  of  the  Dutch 
East  Indies,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura.  It 
is  the  residence  of  a  native  prince. 

Pamalang,  pi^mi-ling',  a  town  and  river  of  Java,  on 
the  N.  coast,  75  miles  W.  of  Samarang.  Cape  Pamalang 
is  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  town. 

Pamanoekan,  or  Pamanukan,  pS,^m&-noo-k&n',  a 
town  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  70  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Pambook  (or  Pambuk)  Kaleh.    See  IIierapolis. 

Painbu,  pim-boo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia, 
on  the  river  Sao  Francisco,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  Maria. 

Pameer,  Pamere,  or  Pamir,  pi-meer',  an  exten- 
sive table-land  of  Central  Asia,  called  by  the  natives  the 
"  roof  of  the  world."  A  part  of  the  plateau  is  said  to  be 
16,000  feet  above  sea-level,  with  peaks  of  much  greater 
height.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Hindoo-Koosh  Mountains. 
Lake  Sir-i-Kol,  which  gives  origin  to  the  Oxus  River,  is 
situated  in  Pameer.  Here  is  found  the  Pameer  sheep,  or 
rass.  The  plateau  forms  the  central  node  whence  radiate 
the  principal  mountain-ranges  of  Asia.  It  has  a  scanty 
population,  and  an  almost  Arctic  climate,  and  is  mainly 
under  Russian  authority. 

Pamel,  pi'm§l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the 
Dender,  12  miles  W.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  of  commune,  2915. 

133 


Pame'Iia,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.T.  Pop. 
1055.  It  contains  Pamelia  Four  Corners  and  a  county 
almshouse.  The  former  village  of  Pamelia  is  now  part  of 
the  city  of  Watertown. 

Pamelia  Four  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Pamell* 
township,  Jeff"erson  co.,  N.Y.,  about  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Os- 
wego,    It  has  3  churches  near  it,  and  a  cheese-factory, 

Pamiers,  pl'me-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  12 
miles  N.  of  Foix,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ari6ge.  Pop. 
7837.  It  has  manufactures  of  farina,  paper,  wine,  serge, 
steel,  oil,  &c.,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege and  cathedral,  and  was  formerly  the  capital  of  Foix. 

Pamir,  a  table-land  of  Central  Asia.     Bee  Pameer. 

Pamlico,  pam'l^-ko,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Pamlico  Sound,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  estuary  of  the  Neuse  River.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  pine, 
poplar,  &o.  Area,  460  square  miles.  Capital,  Bayborongh. 
Pop.  in  1880,  6323;  in  1890,  7146. 

Pamlico,  a  post-village  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C.,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Newbern.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pamlico  River,  North  Carolina,  a  name  given  to  the 
lower  part  of  Tar  River,  especially  to  the  part  which  inter- 
sects Beaufort  co.    See  Tar  River. 

Pamlico  (or  Pamplico)  Sound  is  a  shallow  por- 
tion of  salt  water  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  sepa- 
rated from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  long,  narrow,  sandy 
islands.  It  is  about  75  miles  long,  measured  on  a  line 
drawn  from  the  mouth  of  the  Neuse  River  northeastward. 
The  greatest  width  is  about  25  miles,  and  the  average  width 
nearly  20  miles.  The  N.E.  part  of  it  communicates  with 
Albemarle  Sound  through  Croatan  Sound.  Vessels  can 
pass  from  the  open  sea  into  Pamlico  Sound  through  Oora- 
coke  Inlet  and  Hatteras  Inlet. 

Pam'pa,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal,,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bakersfield. 

Pampanga,  p&m-p&n'gi,  a  province  of  the  Philip- 
pines,  in  the  island  of  Luzon,  N.W,  of  Manila,  Lengtn, 
from  N.  to  S,,  about  60  miles;  breadth,  about  45  miles. 
Capital,  Bacolor,     Pop.  177,045. 

Pamparato,  pim-pi-rS,'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 10  miles  S.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2579. 

Pampas,  pim'pis,  a  name  given  to  some  of  the  vast 
plains  of  South  America,  particularly  the  plains  stretching 
from  Terra  del  Fuego  N.  through  Patagonia  and  part  of  the 
Argentine  Republic,  over  27  degrees  of  latitude,  or  1900 
miles,  where  they  meet  El  Gran  Chaoo,  and  from  the  K 
slope  of  the  Andes  to  the  shores  of  the  Plata  and  Atlantic 
Area,  1,620,000  square  miles,  an  extent  so  great  that,  while 
their  N.  margin  is  bordered  by  palm-trees,  their  S.  extremity 
is  almost  continually  covered  with  ice  or  snow.  Immense 
portions  of  this  great  plain,  particularly  N.  of  the  Colorado, 
and  extending  for  1000  miles  from  E.  to  W.,  are  nearly  as 
level  as  the  sea,  and  with  scarcely  a  stone  or  any  other  ir- 
regularity, except  a  solitary  tree  (the  ombfi),  which  is  seen 
at  vast  distances,  rising  like  a  great  land-mark. 

Pampas  del  Sacramento,  pim'pis  d4l  8&-kr4- 
mSn'to,  vast  plains  in  the  N.E.  of  Peru,  covering  an  are* 
of  about  60.000  square  miles.  They  are  traversed  from  S. 
to  N.  by  the  Ucayale,  and,  though  in  parts  almost  without 
trees,  are  in  others  covered  with  immense  and  magnificent 
forests.     In  general  they  are  occupied  by  Indians. 

Pampatar,  pim-pi-taa',  a  maritime  village  of  Vene- 
zuela, on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Margarita,  fortified, 
and  having  a  pretty  good  harbor. 

Pampelonne,  pfiM^p§h-lonn',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  on  the  Viaur,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  1330. 

Pampeluna,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Pamplona. 

Pamper,  a  town  of  Cashmere.     See  Pampur. 

Pampilhoza,  pim-peel-yo'zi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  N.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  3161. 

Pamplemousses,  pOM'pl^-mooss',  a  village  of  the 
Mauritius,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Port  Louis.  It  is  noted 
for  its  rich  botanical  garden. 

Pam'plin  City,  a  post-village  of  Appomattox  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Pam- 
plin's  Station,  35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  S 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  bank,  and  a  clay  pipe  factory. 

Pamplona,  pim-plo'n4,  or  Pampeluna,  p&m-pA- 
loo'ni  (Fr.  Pampfune  or  Pampelune,  pAM'plUn' ;  ano.  Pom'- 
pelon  or  Pompeiop'olia),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  capita) 
of  the  province  of  Navarre,  on  the  Agra,  an  aflluent  ot  the 
Aragon,  195  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid,  and  20  miles  from 
the  French  frontier.  Pop.  22,896.  It  has  fine  publio 
fountains,  supplied  by  a  noole  aqueduct,  an  ancient  cathe- 
dral, palaces  of  the  viceroy  and  of  the  bishop,  a  Latin  col- 
lege, and  several  other  schools.     The  manufactures  cons- 


PAM 


2106 


'T 


.^Du^ 


PAN 


prise  paper,  leather,  and  coarse  woollens,  and  it  has  an 
active  commerce  with  France  in  wool  and  silk,  and  a  cele- 
brated annual  fair  in  June.  In  860  it  was  made  the  capi- 
tal of  Navarre.  The  French  took  it  in  1808,  and  held  it 
till  1813,  when  it  surrendered  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 

Pamplona,  p4m-plo'ni,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Santander,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Zulia 
River,  200  miles  N.E.  of  Bogota.  Pop.  3200.  It  is  well 
built.  Principal  edifices,  its  churches  and  convents.  Near 
it  are  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Pamproux,  pftsi^proo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Deuz- 
Sdvres,  14  mUes  N.N.E.  of  Melle.     Pop.  1252. 

Pampar,  pim'pur,  or  Pamper,  pim'p^r,  a  town  of 
Cashmere,  on  the  Jhylum,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  5  miles 
'W.  of  Serinagur.     Pop.  2092. 

Pamrapo,N.J.  SeeBAvoNNE  and  Saltersville. 

Pamunk'ey  (or  Pamunk'y)  River,  Virginia,  is 
formed  by  the  North  Anna  and  South  Anna  Rivers,  which 
unite  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Caroline  co.  It  runs  south- 
eastward, and  forms  the  boundary  between  Hanover  and 
New  Kent  cos.  on  the  right,  and  King  William  co.  on  the 
left.  It  unites  with  the  Mattapony  River  at  West  Point 
to  form  the  York  River.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Pa'na,  a  post-village  in  Pana  township.  Christian  co., 
HI.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  on  the  Springfield 
Branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of 
Springfield,  and  35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  contains 
7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banking-houses,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  foundry,  2  machine-shops,  2  planing-mills,  and 
3  grain-elevators.  Here  are  some  car-shops  of  the  Ohio  <fe 
Mississippi  Railroad.    Pop.  (1890)  5077 ;  of  township,  6143. 

Panagarh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Punaqurh. 

Fanaila,  a  town  of  India.    See  Punnailah. 

Panama,  p&n^a-m&',  a  seaport  city  of  South  America, 
in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Panama,  on  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  S.  coast  of  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama.  Lat.  8°  57'  13"  N. ;  Ion.  79°  31'  58"  W. 
Its  more  important  part  stands  on  a  peninsular  tongue  of 
land,  across  which  its  streets  extend  from  sea  to  sea.  Pop., 
with  suburbs,  about  35,000.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
handsome  cathedral  and  5  other  churches,  all  Roman  Cath- 
olic, also  a  charity  hospital,  and  a  normal  and  several  pri- 
mary schools  sustained  by  government.  Various  convents, 
a  nunnery,  and  a  Jesuits'  college  which  formerly  existed 
have  been  disposed  of  for  secular  uses.  One  newspaper 
is  published  daily  in  Spanish  and  English.  An  official 
pa{>er,  with  other  publications,  appears  periodically.  The 
rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  at  Panama  is  from  16  to  21  feet, 
owing  to  which  ships  lie  at  anchor  in  the  harbor  at  some 
distance  from  the  shore.  The  harbor  is,  however,  protected 
by  numerous  islets,  and  aflFords  secure  anchorage.  The 
country  around  is  fertile.  The  city  has  but  little  trade.  It 
is  now  a  station  for  the  mails  between  countries  on  the  At- 
lantic and  those  on  the  South  and  Central  American  coast 
on  the  Pacific,  and  is  the  Pacific  terminus  of  the  Panama 
Railroad,  which  connects  this  place  with  Aspinwall,  on  the 
Atlantic  side  of  the  Isthmus.     See  Isthmus  of  Panaxa. 

Panama,  a  department  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
comprising  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  wifb  many  islands. 
Area,  32,380  square  miles.    Capital,  Panama.    Pop.  285,000. 

Pan'ama,  a  post-office  of  Liincaster  co.,  Neb. 

Pauama,  a  post-village  in  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  BuEFalo,  Corry  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.  of 
Corry,  Pa. 

Panama,  a  post-village  in  Harmony  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.T.,  13  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Jamestown,  and  5 
miles  E.  of  Panama  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  650. 

Pana  Maria,  p&'ni  m&-ree'3,,  a  post-village  of  Karnes 
CO.,  Tex.,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cuero,  and  6  miles  W.  of 
Helena.     It  has  a  church  and  a  convent. 

Panambnrt-Cotta,  India.    See  Wtnaad. 

Panamgoody,  p&-n4m-goo'dee,  a  town  of  India,  21 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin.  Lat.  8°  21'  N.:  Ion.  77° 
63'  E. 

Pan'amint,  a  mining-camp  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  30  miles 
E.  of  Owen's  Lake.  It  has  a  silver-mine  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Pananich,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Pannanich. 

Panaon,  pi-ni-on',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  in 
the  Surigao  Passage,  between  the  islands  of  Leyte  and 
Mindanao.     Length,  18  miles. 

Panapoor',  a  town  of  India,  Samn  district.   P.  5871. 

Panaraga,  pa-ni-ri'g4,  a  town  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
island  of  Java,  S.E.  of  Soerakarta. 

Panarano,  pi-na-r8,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
B  miles  N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  130&. 


Panaria,  p&-n&-ree'&  (anc.  Hicesia),  one  of  the  Liparf 
Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lipari.  It 
is  7  miles  in  circuit,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated,  and  contains 
many  volcanic  products.     On  its  S.  side  is  a  good  port. 

Panaro,  pa-n&'ro  (anc,  Sculte'na),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  in  Monte  Cimone,  and  flows  N.  between  the  province 
of  Modena  and  that  of  Bologna.  It  becomes  navigable  at 
Bonporto,  where  the  Canal  of  Modena  joins  it  to  the  Sec- 
chia;  and  it  enters  the  Po  on  the  right,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Ferrara.     Length,  75  miles. 

Panaroekan,  or  Panaroocan,  p&-n&-roo-k&n'.  » 
town  of  Java,  85  miles  E.S.E.  of  Soerabaya. 

Pananr,  a  river  of  India.     See  Punnair. 

Pan^awa'wa,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Wash. 

Panay,  or  Pany,  pi-ni',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago.  Lat.  10°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  6' 
E.  Estimated  area,  4560  square  miles.  It  is  fertile,  but 
unhealthy,  and  is  thinly  cultivated.  On  it  are  the  Spanish 
settlements  of  Iloilo  and  Antigua.  See  Philippine  Islands. 

Panban,  a  town  of  India.     See  Pavuben. 

Pancalieri,  p&n-k&-le-&'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  18  miles  S.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2778. 

Panchaunagaon,  pun^chaw-ni-g&-on',  t'.e.,  "th« 
fifty-five  villages,"  a  suburban  district  near  Calcutta. 

Panch  Char,  BengaU    See  Pokch  Char. 

Panch  Mahals,  India.    See  Pukch  Mehau. 

Panch- Shir,  pinsh-sheer'  (?),  a  valley  of  Cabool,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  about  70  miles  long  from 
S.W.  to  N.E.     It  is  watered  by  a  stream  of  the  same  name. 

Pan'coast,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  18 
miles  E.  of  Brookville.     Here  are  2  coal-mines. 

Pan'coastbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  N.  of  New  Holland  Station.  It  has  several  churches 
near  it.     Pop.  120. 

Pancorvo,  pln-kon'vo,  or  Pancor'bo,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  31  miles  N.E.  of  Burgos.    Pop.  1600. 

Pancsova,  p&n'choVSh^,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Banat,  with  a  packet-station  on  the  Danube,  62  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Temesvar.  Pop.  13,408.  It  has  mathematical  and  Ger- 
man schools,  and  an  active  trade. 

Pandacan,  p&n-d&-k&n',  a  village  of  the  Philippines, 
in  the  island  of  Luzon,  province  of  Tondo. 

Pandataria,  the  ancient  name  of  Vendotena. 

Pander'ma,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora, 60  miles  S.W.  of  Constantinople,  and  near  the  Cyd- 
cus  peninsula.     Pop.  5000. 

Pandharpnr,  India.    See  PimDERPooR. 

Pandino,  p&n-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1973. 

Pan'do,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  24  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Montevideo. 

Pandoo'na,  or  Pandhurna,  pan-door'n&,  a  town  of 
India,  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chindwara.     Pop.  6218. 

Pando'ra,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn.,  about  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Bristol. 

Pandn'ah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  18  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Hoogly.  It  was  anciently  a  place  of  great 
importance.     Pop.  3690. 

Pan'eas,  or  JBanias,bi'ne-as  (anc.  Ceuare' a  Philip' - 
pi),  a  village  of  Palestine,  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Damascus, 
near  the  sources  of  the  Jordan.  It  comprises  about  150 
houses,  and  has  on  its  N.  side  a  well-built  bridge,  the  ruins 
of  the  ancient  town,  a  cavern  (the  Panium  of  Josephus),  and 
traces  of  a  temple  erected  by  Herod  in  honor  of  Augustus. 

Pangansane,  or  Pangansene.     See  Moena. 

Pangaran,  ping^gi-rin',  a  village  of  Ceylon,  on  the 
Mahavilly-Gunga,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Kandy. 

Pangasiuan,p&n-g&-se-n&n',  a  province  in  the  island 
of  Luzon,  N.W.  of  Manila.     Pop.  431,691. 

Pangong,  ping^gong',  a  salt  lake  in  Thibet,  100  miles 
E.  of  Leh,  14,000  feet  above  sea-level.  Length,  100  miles  ; 
breadth,  from  3  to  4  miles. 

Pangootaran,  or  Pangontaran,  p&ng-goo-ti-r&n', 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Sooloo  group. 
Lat.  6°  15'  N.;  Ion.  120°  40'  E.  Length,  10  miles ;  breadth, 
4  miles.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  and  abounds  with  cocoa- 
palms  and  live-stock. 
■  U^Pango-Pango,  pang'go-pang'go,  a  seaport  of  the 
^amoan  Islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Tutuila. 
It  has  an  American  coaling-station,  and  a  commodious 
harbor,  and  communicates  by  steamer  with  Sydney  and  San 
Francisco. 

Pangnitch,  pan'gwioh,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co., 
Utah,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Sevier  River,  about  125  miles 
from  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Pan'handle,  a  name  given  to  the  northern  part  of 


PAN 


2107 


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West  Virginia,  which  is  a  long,  narrow  tract  between  Ohio 
and  Pennsylvania  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio 
Kiver ;  also,  the  popular  name  of  the  northern  extension  of 
Texas. 

Pan  Handle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooke  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Dr  near  the  Ohio  River,  about  25  miles  above  Wheeling. 

Paniany*  a  town  of  India.    See  Ponant. 

Panicocolo,  p4-ne-ko'ko-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.  Pop.  of  commune,  2777. 

Pauipnty  p&n^e-put',  written  also  Panniput  (Hin- 
doo, Panipata,  p4-ne-p4'ti),  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
the  Punjab,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  29°  22'  N. ; 
Ion.  76°  51'  E.  It  is  4  miles  in  circuit,  enclosed  by  a  de- 
cayed wall,  and  has  a  Mohammedan  shrine.     Pop.  25,276. 

Panissi^re)  p4^nis^se-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  2332. 

Panjab,  or  Peiuab,  a  territory  of  India.  See  Punjab. 

Panjang,  pin'jing',  or  Poolo  Panjang,  poo'lo 
pin^jing',  an  island  oif  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Penin- 
sula. Lat.  9°  18'  N.;  Ion.  103°  36'  E.  It  is  20  miles  in 
length  by  4  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  similar  in  most 
respects  to  the  island  of  Junk-Ceylon,  from  which  it  is  12 
miles  E.  Some  islets  S.  of  Madura,  N.  of  Papua,  and  E.  of 
Borneo  have  the  same  name. 

Panjasang,  a  Malay  island.     See  Moena. 

PatUim,  pin^zheeN"',  or  New  Goa,  go'4,  a  town, 
sapital  of  Portuguese  India,  5  miles  W.  of  Goa,  mostly  in- 
nabited  by  native  Christians.  It  is  the  residence  of  the 
Portuguese  viceroy,  of  the  Archbishop  of  Goa,  and  of  many 
of  the  principal  Europeans  in  the  settlement.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  and  palaces  for  the  chief  oflBcials.     Pop.  24,000. 

Pankota,  pin^ko't3h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  and 
about  10  miles  from  Arad.     Pop.  3968. 

Pankour,  p4n-koor',  a  small  island  in  the  Strait  of 
Malacca.     Lat.  4°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  58'  E. 

Panmnre',  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  E.  of  Pakenham.     Pop.  100. 

Pannah,  a  state  of  India.    See  Punnah. 

Pannanich,  or  Pananich,  pan'na-niK\  a  village 
and  mineral  spa  of  Scotland,  co.  and  39  miles  W.  of  Aber- 
deen, on  the  Dee.     Its  waters  resemble  the  Selters  waters. 

Panniput,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Paniput. 

Pannonia,  the  ancient  name  of  HuNOARr. 

Panoche,  pan'o-ohe,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

Pano'la,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tallahatchee  River.  'The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and 
partly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  cypress, 
elm,  hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly 
one-third  of  its  area.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  pork, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Memphis  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Sardis,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,754  j  in  1880,  28,352;  in  1890, 
26,977. 

Panola,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sabine  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  It  has  many 
thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Texas,  Sabine  Valley  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Carthage.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,119;  in  1880, 
12,219 ;  in  1890,  14,328. 

Panola,  a  post-village  of  De  Ealb  co.,  Ga.,  about  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  290, 

Panola  (Panola  Station  Post-Office),  a  post-village  in 
Panola  township,  Woodford  co..  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  El  Paso.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
wagon-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1260. 

Panola,  a  village  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Talla- 
hatchee River,  and  on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad, 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.     Pop.  192. 

Panola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.,  17  miles 
from  Sumter  Station. 

Panomping,  a  town  of  Cambodia.    See  Pnompenh. 

Panopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Akhktv. 

Pano'ra,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Caas 
township,  on  the  Middle  Coon  River,  about  44  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Des  Moines,  and  24  miles  S.  of  Jefferson.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  809, 

Panormos,  p4-nor'mos,  a  maritime  town  on  the  N.E. 
shore  of  Tino,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  with  the  best 
harbor  in  that  island.  Another  port  of  this  name  ia  on  the 
Greek  island  of  Skiatho,  and  a  third  on  Myconus.  The 
last  is  also  called  Port  Palermo. 


Panormns,  the  ancient  name  of  Palermo. 

Pantalaria,  an  island  of  Italy.     See  Pantellaria. 

PanHanaw',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  Bassein  dis. 
trict,  on  the  main  stream  of  the  Irrawaddy,  80  miles  below 
Henzada.     Pop.  6876. 

Pantanos,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Lack  op  Lksiha. 

Pantar,  p&n^tar',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Arohipelago, 
separated  on  the  E.  from  Ombay  by  the  Strait  of  Paotar, 
and  on  the  W.  from  Lomblem  by  the  Strait  of  Alloc.  Lat. 
8°  10'  S.;  Ion.  124°  B.  Length,  from  N.  to  8.,  30  miles; 
breadth,  15  miles. 

Pante'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.,  about 
50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newbem.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
Pantego  township  in  1890,  2516. 

Pantellaria,  p&n-t^l-l&-ree'&,  written  also  Panta- 
laria (anc.  Go»$f/'ra),  an  island  of  Italy,  in  the  Meditcr- 
ranean,  province  of  Girgenti,  60  miles  from  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Sicily,  its  chief  town  being  in  lat.  36°  51'  15"  N.,  Ion. 
11°  54'  29"  B.  Area,  58  square  miles.  Pop.  7011.  It  is 
wholly  of  volcanic  formation,  presenting  vestiges  of  craters, 
with  lava,  pumice,  hot  springs,  Ac.  It  produces  fine  fruit, 
especially  grapes,  but  its  principal  product  is  a  fine  breed 
of  asses.  At  its  N.W.  point,  at  the  head  of  a  cove,  is  the 
town  of  Oppidolo,  which  has  a  oonvenient  port.  The  island 
has  a  large  convict-depot. 

Pan'ther  Branch,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  921. 

Panther  Creek,  Kentucky,  runs  westward  through 
the  COS.  of  Ohio  and  Daviess,  and  enters  Green  River  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Owensborough. 

Panther  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  oo.,  Iowa. 

Panther  Creek,  a  station  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Owens- 
borough. 

Panther  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Tadkin  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Yadkin  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Winston.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  distillery. 

Panther  Gap,  a  station  of  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton,  Va. 

Panther  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Forest  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
Tionesta  Creek,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Tionesta.  Here  is  a 
lumber-mill. 

Panther's  Creek,  Ohio,  falls  into  the  West  Branch 
of  Miami  River  in  Miami  co. 

Panther  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  oo., 
Tenn.,  is  on  or  near  the  Holston  River,  3^  miles  from  Tal- 
bot's Station  of  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Fan'thersville,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Panther  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  oo..  Mo., 
18  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Panticapseum,  the  ancient  name  of  Esrtch. 

Panticosa,  p&n-te-ko's&,  medicinal  baths  of  Spain, 
province  and  40  miles  N.  of  Huesca,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Jaoa, 
near  the  village  of  Panticosa.  It  is  one  of  the  highest 
inhabited  spots  in  the  Pyrenees,  being  about  8600  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Pantin,  pfis-'tiw',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  3i 
miles  N.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  13,646.  It  has  manufactures 
of  chemicals,  locks,  lucifer  matches,  &o. 

Pan'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Panton  township,  Addison 
CO.,  Vt.,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vergennes.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  W. 
by  Lake  Champlain.     Pop.  of  the  township,  390. 

Pant  Praainidhi.    See  Pcnt  Pritheb  Nidhkk. 

Pant  Sacheo,  India.    See  Punt  Sccheo. 

Pantara,  pin-too'ri,  a  village  onthe  W.  coast  of  Cey- 
lon, 12  miles  S.  of  Colombo.     Pop.  1109. 

Panuco,  pi-noo'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Vera  Crui, 
on  the  Montezuma  or  Panuco  River,  60  miles  from  its 
mouth  at  Tampico. 

Panulcillo,  pi-nool-see'yo,  a  town  of  Chili,  provino* 
of  Coquimbo.     Pop.  2647. 

Panwell,  pin*w4ll',  or  Paunwelly,  plwn-w41'lee,  a 
town  of  British  India,  Tanna  district,  21  miles  E.  of 
Bombay,  on  a  river  which  flows  into  its  harbor.  Lat.  18° 
69'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  16'  B.     Pop.  10,836. 

Pany,  one  of  the  Philippines.    Seo  Pamat. 

Pao,  pi'o,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  flows  120  miles  SJ3.B., 
and  joins  the  Cojedes. 

pao  d'Alho,  p5wH«  d&l'yo,  a  town  of  Brasil,  40  milw 
W.S.W.  of  Pernambuco,  on  the  Caparibe.     Pop.  1400. 

Pfto  d*A88ucar,  pSww  d&s-soo'kar  ("sugar-loaT'), 
Brazil,  an  enormous  rock  of  pure  granite,  devoid  of  vege- 
tation, rising  abruptly  from  the  sea  to  the  height  of  600 


PAO 


2108 


PAP 


feet,  on  the  AV.  side  of  the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Rio 
Janeiro.     On  this  rock  stands  the  fort  of  Sao  Joao. 

Pao-Khing,  pi'o-king'  or  p5w^-king',  a  town  of 
China,  in  Hoo-Nan.     Lat.  27°  N.;  Ion.  111°  12'  E. 

Paola,  pi'o-l4j  or  Paula,  pSw'li  (anc.  Patycos  or 
Patycus),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  on  a  height, 
near  the  sea,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cosenza.  Pop.  8468.  It 
is  defended  seaward  by  a  fortress  and  2  towers,  and  has 
several  churches  and  convents,  2  hospitals,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths  and  silks  and  earthenware. 

Pao'la,  a  city,  and  the  capital  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Paola  township,  on  Peoria  or  Bull  Creek,  43  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kansas  City,  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  22 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prai- 
ries. It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school  with  a  building  which  cost  $50,000,  a 
national  bank,  2  flour-mills,  an  elevator,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.  It  is  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf 
Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Osage  Branch  of 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2943;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  762. 

Pao'li,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ga.,  about  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Paoli,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Paoli  township,  40  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Mitchell.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the  Southern  Indiana 
Normal  School,  and  has  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture, 
&c.     Pop.  in  1890,  707;  of  the  township,  2719. 

Paoli,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  has  a  hotel.  Near  this  place  General  Wayne  was 
surprised  and  defeated  by  the  British  in  the  night  of  Sep- 
tember 21,  1777. 

Paoli,  a  post-village  in  Montrose  township,  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  on  Sugar  River,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

PaoIi  Road,  a  station  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Downingtown. 

PaO'Ning,  pi^-ning',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Se-Chuen.     Lat.  31°  32'  N.;  Ion.  106°  E. 

Paoo,  Paou,  pi'oo,  Paw,  San'dalwood,  or 
Tacanova,  ti-ki-no'vi,  one  of  the  principal  islands  of 
the  Feojee  Archipelago,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  17°  S. ; 
Ion.  179°  E.  It  is  stated  to  be  130  miles  in  circumference, 
and  populous.     Sandalwood  is  one  of  its  chief  products. 

Pao-Ting,  p4*o-ting',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  95  miles  S.W.  of  Peking.  It  is  second  in 
Its  province  after  the  capital,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  provin- 
cial viceroy. 

Papa,  pi'p8h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  26  miles 
N.W.  of  Veszprim,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Marczal.  Pop. 
14,233.  It  has  a  castle  and  grounds  belonging  to  Prince 
Esterhazy,  churches,  synagogues,  convents  and  hospitals,  a 
gymnasium,  and  schools  for  the  poor. 

Papa  Adassi,  or  Papa  Donisia.  See  Prinkipos. 

Papaete,  a  town  of  Tahiti.    See  Papeiti. 

Papagaio,  p4-pJ,-ghi'o,  or  Papagayos,  p&-pS,- 
ghi'oce,  a  group  of  islets  of  Brazil,  ofi'  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  between  Capes  Frio  and  Busies. 

Papagayo,  pl-pi-ghi'o,  a  gulf  and  volcano  of  Nica- 
ragua, S.W.  of  the  Lake  of  Nicaragua,  the  gulf  an  inlet 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  volcano  on  its  N.E.  shore. 
Papagayo  is  also  the  name  of  the  southernmost  point  of 
Lanzarote;  Canary  Islands. 

Papaka'ting,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Deckertown.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Papandayang,*pi-pfl,n-d8,-ying',  a  volcano  of  Java, 
87  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.  A  violent  and  destructive  erup- 
tion occurred  in  it  August  11  and  12,  1772. 

Papantla,  pS,-pS,nt'li,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  125  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tampico.  It  has  a  trade  in 
maize,  tobacco,  red  pepper,  and  vanilla. 

Papari,  p8,-p9.-ree',  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  4  miles  S. 
of  Natal. 

Papas,  Greece.    See  Cape  Kalogria.    . 

Papasquiero,  p5,-pS,s-ke-i'ro,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Durango,  on  the  Culican.  Pop. 
about  3800. 

Pa'pa-Stour,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  in  Scot- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  the  entrance  of  St.  Magnus  Bay. 
Length,  2^  miles.  Pop.  351,  mostly  fishermen.  Another 
small  island  in  Shetland  bears  the  name  of  Papa. 

Pa'pa-Stron'sa,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  group,  in 
Sootland,  N.E.  of  Stronsa,  about  3  miles  in  circumference. 


Papa-West'ray,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  group,  in 
Scotland,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Westray.  Length,  3i  miles. 
Pop.  370. 

Papeiti,  pi-pi-ee'tee,  written  also  Papaete,  a  town 
of  the  Society  Islands,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Tahiti,  of  which 
it  is  the  capital.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  a  palace  for  the 
queen,  a  cathedral,  a  court-house,  Ac,  with  other  publio 
buildings,  erected  by  the  French.  It  is  the  great  emporium 
of  the  trade  of  Southeastern  Polynesia. 

Papenburg,  pi'p§n-b55RG^  a  town  of  Prussia,  la 
Hanover,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Emden,  and  united  to  the  Emi 
by  several  canals.  Pop.  6819.  It  has  ship-building  docks, 
and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  ohiocory,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Papendrecht,  pi'p?n-drfiKt\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  Waal,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Dort. 
Pop.  2328. 

Pa'per  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

Paper  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Pa'perville,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  3 
miles  from  Bristol.     It  has  2  churches. 

Papevert  (Fr.  pron.  p4pVair'),  a  village  of  St.  Jamea 
parish,  La.,  3  miles  from  AVinchester.     It  has  3  churches. 

Paphos,  an  ancient  city  of  Cyprus.     See  Baffa. 

Papia,  the  ancient  name  of  Pavia,  in  Italy. 

Papil'lion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sarpy  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Papillion  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
It  is  15  miles  by  rail,  or  10  miles  in  a  direct  line,  S.W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactories  of  bricks, 
cheese,  farming-im])lements,  <fec.     Pop.  600. 

Papillion  (or  Big  Papillion)  River,  Nebraska, 
rises  in  Washington  co.,  runs  nearly  southeastward  through 
Douglas  and  Sarpy  cos.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  3 
miles  above  the  town  of  Plattsmouth.  It  is  nearly  70 
miles  long.  The  Little  Papillion  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Papillion  in  Sarpy  co. 

Papineau,  pap'e-no,  a  post-village  in  Papineau  town- 
ship, Iroquois  co..  111.,  on  tne  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 
Railroad,  72^  miles  S.  of  Chicago,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Wat- 
seka.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1064. 

Papineauville,  pi^pe^nS'veel',  a  post-village  in  Ot- 
tawa CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  41  miles  E.  of  Ot- 
tawa. It  contains  4  stores,  3  hotels,  a  tannery,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Pa'pinsville,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kansas. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

PapoTka,  or  Papowka,  pi-pov'k4,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov. 

Papozza,  p4-pot's&,  or  Papozze,  p&-pot's&,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Adria.     Pop.  2404. 

Pappenheim,  pip'p§n-hime\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  AltmUhl,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1718. 

Papra,  pi'pri,  a  town  of  Siam,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Ponga.     Lat.  8°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  16'  E. 

Papradno,  p5h*pr6d'no*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Trentschin,  about  24  miles  from  Szolna.     Pop.  2649 

Paprovnik,  the  Turkish  name  of  Ragusa. 

Paps  of  Ju'ra,  three  conical  heights  near  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Jura,  in  the  Hebrides.  Benanoir, 
the  most  lofty,  rises  to  2420  feet  above  the  sea. 

Paps  of  Matane,  mi-tin',  two  mountains  of  Quebec, 
CO.  of  Rimouski,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  St. 
Lawrence.     Lat.  48°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  30'  W. 

Papua,  pi-poo'i  or  pi'poo-i,  Papu'aland,  or  New 
Guinea  (Fr.  Papouaste,  pi^poo^i^zee',  or  Nouvelle-Ouinie, 
nooVfiU'-ghee^ni'),  an  extensive  island  of  the  Eastern  Arch- 
ipelago, beyond  Ceram  and  Gilolo,  and  comprised  in  the 
great  division  of  Australasia,  between  the  equator  and  11° 
S.  and  Ion.  131°  and  151°  E.,  separated  southward  by 
Torres  Strait  from  the  N.  point  of  Australia,  and  having  W. 
the  Arafoora  Sea.  It  disputes  with  Borneo  the  claim  to  the 
second  place  among  the  great  islands  of  the  world,  its  area 
being  estimated  at  from  200,000  to  300,000  square  miles. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  1600  miles ;  breadth,  from  30  to  400 
miles.  Its  interior  is  very  little  known,  and  portions  only 
of  the  coast  have  been  explored  by  Europeans.  It  has  a 
remarkably  irregular  shape,  its  W.  end  especially  being  in 
dented  by  large  and  deep  bays  and  some  large  rivers  form- 
ing estuaries.  A  few  of  these  rivers,  such  as  the  Fly,  Baxter, 
and  others,  have  been  ascended  for  some  distance  from  their 
mouths,  the  Fly  River,  believed  to  be  the  largest  stream  on 
the  island,  having  been  ascended  by  D'Albertis,  with  a 
small  steamboat,  for  500  miles,  or  nearly  to  its  source.  The 
country  inland  has  been  observed  to  rise  into  mountain- 
chains  of  considerable  height,  and  apparently  to  the  snow- 
line, and  most  part  of  the  surface  yet  seen  appears  to  b« 


PAP 


2109 


PAR 


covered  with  timber  of  large  size.  The  Owen-Stanley 
Range,  which  is  visible  from  the  coast,  is  13,205  feet  high ; 
and  farther  N.  is  a  mountain-range  believed  to  be  about 
17,000  or  18,000  feet  high.  Many  of  the  finest  productions 
of  the  archipelago,  comprising  birds  of  paradise,  pearls, 
gold,  fine  woods,  resins,  bamboos,  Ac,  are  brought  from 
this  region  by  Bughis  and  other  traders  to  the  Aroo  Islands, 
Singapore,  and  the  Dutch  settlements  in  the  East.  At  Port 
Moresby— or  Annapata,  as  the  natives  call  it — the  climate  is 
equable.  The  average  temperature  during  the  day  is  about 
86°,  and  during  the  night  74°  Fahr.  The  rainy  season 
lasts  from  November  to  May.  Near  the  coast  the  atmos- 
phere is  excessively  humid.  Some  new  species  of  marsupial 
animals  have  been  discovered,  and  it  is  rich  in  birds  of 
various  kinds.  The  inhabitants  are  partly  Malays,  but 
chiefly  of  a  black  and  woolly-haired  race  which  has  been 
termed  the  "  Papuan  negro."  The  number  of  tribes  is 
very  great.  Numerous  villages  have  been  remarked  along 
and  near  the  coast,  with  large  houses  capable  of  containing 
several  hundred  people ;  and  at  Ootenata,  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  the  island,  the  Dutch  established  a  fort,  and  a  space  118 
miles  in  extent  was  taken  possession  of  in  the  name  of  the 
King  of  the  Netherlands.     Many  of  the  coast  villages  are 

built  on  piles. Adj.  Papuan,  pi-poo'g,n;  inhab.  Papua, 

p4-poo'i,  and  Papuan,  p&-poo'fn. 

Papudo  (pi-poo'do)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  Chili,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Valparaiso. 

Faqueta,  pi-ki'ti,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  Bay  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  about  4  miles  long  and  §  of  a  mile  broad. 

Paquette,  pi^kSt',  or  Saint  Venant,  s&no  ve-nftN"', 
a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  22  miles  E.  of  Coati- 
oook.     Pop.  200. 

Pard,  pi-ri',  the  name  originally  applied  to  the  river 
Amazon,  South  America,  but  now  employed  to  designate  its 
S.  arm  or  estuary,  which  receives  the  Tocantins  River.  It 
has  a  direct  length  of  about  200  miles,  with  a  breadth  vary- 
ing from  12  to  40  miles.  At  its  entrance,  on  its  E.  side,  is 
the  city  of  Pari.  It  is  in  this  mouth  of  the  Amazon  that 
the  bore  is  chiefly  manifested,  the  tide  rising  to  high  water 
in  a  few  minutes  before  the  new  and  full  moons,  by  a  vast 
wave,  15  feet  in  height,  followed  sometimes  by  three  others, 
which  enter  the  estuary  with  irresistible  violence. 

Para,  or  Grfto  Para,  gr6wN»  pi-ri',  a  state  of  Brazil, 
in  the  N.E.,  bounded  N.  by  Guiana  and  N.E.  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  Area,  443,653  square  miles.  Pop.  407,350,  of 
whom  10,000  are  supposed  to  be  Indians.  The  greater  part 
of  this  region  is  covered  with  dense  primeval  forests.  Its 
valuable  products  are  in  immense  variety ;  the  chief  articles 
of  commerce  are  rice,  manioc,  millet,  cotton,  sugar,  caout- 
chouc, cacao,  sarsaparilla,  cloves,  balsams,  gums,  medicinal 
plants,  and  Brazil  nuts.  Par£  is  divided  into  comarcas,  sub- 
divided into  municipal  districts,  named  after  the  principal 
towns  which  they  contain.  The  provincial  assembly  holds 
its  sittings  in  the  city  of  Pari.  In  the  interior  are  some 
scattered  villages,  mostly  on  tributaries  of  the  Amazon. 

Pard,  pi-ri',  or  Belem,  b3,-lfiNo',  a  seaport  city  of 
Brazil,  capital  of  the  above  state,  7U  miles  from  the  At- 
lantic. Lat.  of  Fort  Sao  Pedro,  1  °  28'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  30'  5"  W. 
Pop.  60,000,  mostly  of  European  descent.  It  stands  on 
elevated  ground  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Guajara,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Pari,  or  Tocantins.  Chief  edifices, 
the  governor's  palace,  cathedral,  several  other  churches, 
convents,  barracks,  arsenal,  episcopal  palace  and  seminary, 
formerly  a  Jesuits'  college,  a  prison,  and  a  theatre.  The 
cacao,  caoutchouc,  isinglass,  rice,  and  drugs  exported  from 
Brazil  are  chiefly  from  Pari.  It  has  also  a  trade  in  cot- 
ton, vanilla,  annatto,  dye-woods,  honey,  wax,  and  a  great 
variety  of  other  vegetable  and  animal  products.  The  trade 
is  mostly  with  Liverpool,  London,  Barbadoes,  Cayenne,  and 
he  North  American  and  Brazilian  ports. 

Parabiago,  p8,-ri-be-i'go,  a  market-town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  3807. 

Parabuti,  poh^rSh^boo'tee,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
Of  Bacs,  29  miles  W.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  4280. 

Para^atu,  pi-ri-si-too'  (written  also  Parazatn),  a 
river  and  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes.  The  river 
joins  the  Sao  Francisco  near  lat.  16°  20'  S.,  after  an  E. 
course  of  220  miles.  On  it,  near  its  head,  is  the  city  of 
Parayatu,  having  a  Latin  school,  and  mines  of  gold  and 
diamonds  in  its  vicinity.     It  exports  sugar  and  coffee. 

Paracels,  p&-r&-slls',  agroup  of  islets  and  reefs  of  the 
China  Sea,  mostly  between  lat.  16°  and  17°  N.  and  Ion. 
112°  and  113°  30'  E.,  150  miles  E.  of  Cochin  China. 

Paraclet,  pl^ri^klA',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Aube,  2J 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nogent-sur-Seine.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  a 
convent  founded  by  Abelard  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  of 
which  Heloise  was  abbess  for  32  years.     The  remains  of 


Abelard  were  deposited  in  it  in  1142.  The  tomb  of  both 
a  fine  specimen  of  Gothic  architecture,  has  been  removed 
to  the  cemetery  of  PSre-la-Chaise,  Paris. 

Par^aclif'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co..  Ark.,  about 
150  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  45, 

Paradas,  p4-r4'D4s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  6456. 

Par'adise,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Paradise,  a  post-hamlet  in  Paradise  township,  Colee 
CO.,  111.,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mattoon.  The  township  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.     It  contains  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1220. 

Paradise,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  162. 

Paradise,  a  post-township  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas.  It 
has  a  salt-spring.     Pop.  71. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It 
has  3  churches,  several  tobacco-factories,  and  coal-mines. 

Paradise,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Traverse  oo., 
Mich.     Pop.  363.     Paradise  Post-Office  is  at  Kingsley. 

Paradise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  about  26 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Paradise,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deer  Park  township.  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Monticello  A  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  brick-kiln  and  a  quarry  of 
bluestone. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  in  Paradise  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  60  miles  W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  coach- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2193. 

Paradise,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.    Pop.  622. 

Paradise,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1300. 

Paradise,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  in  the  fer- 
tile Cache  Valley,  about  70  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
19  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  contains  5  saw- 
mills, 2  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  cheese-factory,  and  4 
stores.  There  are  granite-quarries  in  the  vicinity.   Pop.  350. 

Paradise  Furnace,  post-office,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Paradise  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  4J 
miles  W.  of  Ashland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Paradise  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co,, 
Nevada,  42  miles  N.  of  Winnemucca.  It  has  a  floor-mill. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Paradise  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  about  3A 
miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Par'adox  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Essex 
CO.,  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  It  is  about  4  miles 
long,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Schroon. 

Paradox  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  small  lake,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Henry. 

Paragau,  p&-r&-g5w',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  proceeding 
N.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  that  country  and 
Brazil,  and  joins  the  Guapore  in  lat.  13°  39'  S. 

Par'agon,  a  post- village  in  Ray  township,  Morgan  oo., 
Ind.,  neiir  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vin- 
cennes  Railroad,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Parago'nah,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Utah.,  about 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Parowan.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  Ao. 

Paragua,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Palawan. 

Paragua,  p&-r&'gw&,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  tributary  to 
the  Carony,  has  a  N.  course  of  220  miles.  On  it  is  the  town 
of  Barceloneta. 

Paragua^u,  or  Paragnazn,  p&-r&-gwi-8oo',  a  river 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  after  a  tortuous  E.  course  of 
260  miles,  enters  All-Saints'  Bay  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  S5o 
Salvador. 

Paraguana,  p&-r&-gw&'ni,  a  peninsula  of  Venemela, 
state  of  Falcon,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Uoro,  extending  into  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  in  lat.  12"  N,,  Ion,  70**  W,  Length  and 
breadth,  about  40  miles  each. 

Paraguary,  or  Paragnari,  p&-r&-gw&'ree,  a  town  of 
Paraguay,  45  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Assumption.  Pop.  3000. 
Paraguay,  pi-ri-gw4'  or  p4-r4-gwl',  a  large  river  of 
South  America,  and  one  of  the  principal  streams  uniting  to 
form  the  La  Plata,  rises  by  numerous  heads  in  the  Bra- 
zilian province  of  Matto-Grosso,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Guapore,  Tapajos,  and  Xingti,  tributaries  of  the  Amaxon, 
in  lat.  13°  S.,  Ion.  55°  to  68°  W.  It  thence  flows  S., 
mostly  through  the  territories  of  Paraguay  and  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  between  which  countries  it  forms  a  part  of 
the  boundary ;  and  near  Corrientes,  lat.  27°  20'  S.,  it  unites 
with  the  Parani.     In  the  lower  part  of  its  course  it  re- 


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oeives  the  waters  of  the  Piloomayo.  Its  other  aflBuents 
from  the  W.  are  the  Sipotuba,  Jaurd,  and  Vermejo,  and 
from  the  E.  the  Porrudos  and  Tebiquary.  Length,  1600 
miles;  throughout  nearly  all  which,  to  the  influx  of  the 
Jaurd,  it  is  navigable.  Between  lat.  17°  and  19°  S.  it 
traverses  a  wide  region  of  swamps,  which  during  the  rains 
form  a  great  inland  sea. 

Paragnay^  a  name  at  one  time  applied  to  the  whole  of 
the  immense  region  of  South  America  between  lat.  16°  S. 
and  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  and  between  Chili  and  Peru 
on  the  W.  and  Brazil  on  the  E.,  but  now  confined  to  the 
republic  of  Paraguay,  included  between  lat.  22°  and  27° 
30'  S.  and  Ion.  64°  and  62°  W.  The  Piloomayo  and  Para- 
guay Rivers  separate  it  on  the  W.  from  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, and  the  Parang  forms  part  of  the  boundary  on  the 
E.  between  Paraguay  and  Brazil,  and  on  the  S.  between 
Paraguay  and  the  Argentine  Republic.  On  the  N.  it  has 
Bolivia  and  the  Brazilian  state  of  Matto-Grosso.  The  space 
thus  enclosed  forms  a  compact  territory  in  the  shape  of  an 
irregular  parallelogram.     Area,  98,000  square  miles. 

A  mountain-range  of  considerable  elevation,  between 
the  Parang  and  Paraguay,  stretches  nearly  through  the  E. 
portion  of  the  country  from  N.  to  S.,  from  which  the  surface 
first  presents  a  succession  of  finely-diversified  lower  heights 
and  then  stretches  out  into  rich  alluvial  plains.  The  dis- 
tance from  the  watershed  to  either  river  scarcely  anywhere 
exceeds  100  miles.  The  S.  part  of  the  country  is  low  and 
swampy,  and  is  fit  only  for  rice-culture.  The  tributaries 
by  which  the  drainage  is  efi'eoted,  though  exceedingly 
numerous,  have  comparatively  short  courses.  By  far  the 
largest  is  the  Tebiquary.  The  Paraguay  River,  which  forms 
the  western  boundary  of  the  republic  for  about  150  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Piloomayo,  rises  in  Brazil  and 
traverses  the  rich  state  of  Matto-Grosso.  From  the  in- 
flux of  the  Jaurd,  in  lat.  16°,  to  the  mouth  of  the  La 
Plata,  a  distance  of  19  degrees  of  latitude,  there  is  not  a 
rapid  to  impede  the  navigation.  The  Parani  rises  at  two 
seasons  in  the  year,  viz.,  during  the  tropical  rains,  and  in 
the  summer  from  the  melting  of  the  snows  on  the  Andes : 
the  heaviest  floods  take  place  during  the  summer  months, 
commencing  with  December.  Its  average  annual  rise  at 
this  season  is  about  6  feet.  The  Paraguay,  owing  to  its 
lofty  heights  and  to  its  narrower  channel,  rises  to  a  much 
greater  extent. 

The  climate,  though  for  the  most  part  tropical,  has  its 
excessive  heat  greatly  modified  by  the  inequalities  of  the 
surface.  In  July  and  August  frosts  occasionally  occur. 
The  whole  country  is  remarkable  for  its  salubrity.  The 
soil  is  of  great  fertility,  and  the  vegetation  almost  un- 
rivalled in  its  luxuriance.  In  the  forests  are  many  kinds 
of  trees  furnishing  timber,  dye-woods,  gums,  drugs,  per- 
fumes, oils,  fruits,  Ac.  A  principal  product  is  the  yerba 
mats  {Ilex  Paraguaiensis),  or  Paraguay  tea,  an  evergreen, 
the  leaf  of  which  is  nearly  as  much  used  for  infusion  in 
South  America  as  the  Chinese  tea  is  in  the  United  States. 
The  objects  of  agriculture  include  the  greater  part  of  the 
most  valuable  products  both  of  the  tropical  and  temperate 
zones.  On  all  the  alluvial  tracts  where  cultivation  is  at- 
tempted, sugar-cane,  cotton,  tobacco  of  superior  quality,  rice, 
maize,  and  culinary  vegetables  yield  a  rich  return.  The 
large  plains  feed  immense  herds  of  cattle,  which  are  slaugh- 
tered chiefly  for  their  tallow,  hides,  bones,  and  horns.  The 
zoology  of  the  country  presents  no  remarkable  peculiarities. 
The  trade  of  Paraguay  consists  in  the  export  of  its  tea, 
tobacco,  sugar,  cotton,  hides,  tallow,  wax,  honey,  cattle, 
horses,  mules,  wool,  leather,  &c.  Its  commerce  was  long 
greatly  retarded  by  the  policy  of  the  government  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  which,  taking  undue  advantage  of  its  command  of 
the  mouth  of  the  La  Plata,  the  outlet  to  the  Paraguay  and 
Parani,  rigorously  excluded  all  intercourse  between  the 
countries  tributary  to  these  streams  and  other  nations. 

Paraguay  declared  itself  independent  of  Spain  in  1810. 
From  about  1812  to  1840  its  afi"airs  were  entirely  controlled 
by  Dr.  Francia,  who,  being  first  elected  consul,  became  dic- 
tator in  1814,  and  continued  to  administer  the  government 
with  great  ability  till  his  death  at  the  advanced  age  of  84 
years.  By  a  judicious  exercise  of  arbitrary  power  he  pre- 
served the  country  from  those  dissensions  and  civil  wars 
from  which  the  other  South  American  states  have  suffered 
80  deeply.  His  policy  of  rigorously  excluding  from  his 
dominions  all  foreigners,  without  exception,  contributed 
not  only  to  preserve  the  tranquillity  of  the  country,  but  also 
to  consolidate  the  different  elements  of  the  population  into 
one  mass  and  to  form  them  into  a  nation.  Immediately 
after  his  death  the  government  of  a  junta  of  five  was  estab- 
lished; subsequently  the  number  was  reduced  to  two, — 
Carlos  Antonio  Lopez,  acting  as  civil  magistrate,  and  Ma- 


riano Roque  Alonzo  as  the  military  commandant.  In  184(1 
Lopez  was  elected  president  for  life,  and  died  in  1862.  Hia 
son  and  successor,  Solano  Lopez,  was  a  merciless  tyrant, 
and  involved  the  country  in  a  war  with  Brazil  and  the 
Argentine  Republic,  in  which  nine-tenths  of  the  Para- 
guayans, including  their  ruler,  lost  their  lives.  Since  1870 
the  country,  though  nominally  independent,  has  been  vir- 
tually under  Brazilian  control,  its  area  having  been  much 
reduced  by  conquest. 

Population,  &c. — The  inhabitants  were  chiefly  the  de- 
scendants of  Europeans  from  the  N.  of  Spain.  Caste  here 
is  carried  to  a  great  extent,  and  the  feeling  of  aversion 
which  the  white  population  entertain  towards  the  natives, 
even  the  despotic  power  of  Dr.  Francia  was  unable  to  break 
down.  The  prevalent  language  is  a  patois  of  Spanish- 
Guarani  origin.  Of  the  aboriginal  tribes  the  Guaranis 
(gwi-ri-nees'),  who  inhabit  t^e  Chaco,  are  the  most  nu- 
merous. The  Payaguas,  inhabiting  the  left  bank  of  the 
Paraguay  River,  are  chiefly  porters.'  Paraguay  was  dis- 
covered by  Sebastian  Cabot,  who  sailed  up  the  Parang  in 
1526.  Assumption,  the  present  capital,  was  founded  in 
1536.  In  subjugating  the  country  the  native  inhabitants 
were  parcelled  out  as  slaves  to  the  conquerors,  who  treated 
them  with  great  cruelty.  In  1654  the  first  bishop  of  Para- 
guay brought  with  him  laws  and  regulations  for  their  pro- 
tection. Two  years  later,  in  1556,  Jesuit  missionaries 
made  their  appearance  in  Paraguay,  and,  by  exercising 
gentleness  and  policy,  succeeded  in  bringing  many  of  the 
Indians  under  the  restraints  of  civilized  life.  When  this 
order  was  expelled  from  the  Spanish  dominions  in  1767, 
other  priests  were  appointed  to  succeed  them  in  Paraguay. 
The  principal  town^are  Assumption  (the  capital),  Villa 
Rica,  and  Pilar  or  Iscembuou.    ^op.  by  census  of  1887, 

1,337,439. Inbab.    Paraguayah,    p&-r&-gwi'an    (Sp. 

Parasuayo,  pi-r4-gwi'yo). 

Paragnazu  River,  Brazil.  See  Paragua9u  River 
Farahiba,  Parahyba,  or  Paraiba,pJi-r&-ee'bi,  a 
river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parahiba,  to  which  it  gives  name, 
joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  in  lat.  7°  8'  S.,  Ion.  34° 
45'  W.,  after  an  eastward  course  of  270  miles.  In  summer 
its  bed  is  dry  beyond  20  leagues  from  its  mouth.  Hear  which, 
on  its  S.  bank,  is  the  city  of  Parahiba. 

Parahiba,  a  maritime  state  of  Brazil,  intersected  by 
the  7th  parallel  of  S.  latitude,  between  lat.  6°  and  8°  S. 
and  Ion.  34°  40'  and  38°  40'  W.,  having  E.  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  inland  the  states  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte  and 
Pernambuco.  Area,  28,854  square  miles.  Pop.  496,618. 
The  surface  is  mostly  elevated.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Parahiba  and  Mamanguape.  The  chief  products  are 
cotton  and  sugar,  with  Brazil  wood,  drugs,  and  timber. 
Cattle  of  European  breeds  are  numerous.  The  principal 
exports  are  cotton,  sugar,  and  rum.     Capital,  Parahiba. 

Parahiba,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  a  state,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Parahiba,  near  its  mouth  in  the  At- 
lantic, 65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pernambuco.  Pop.  14,000.  It 
consists  of  a  lower  and  an  upper  town.  The  former  is  the 
commercial  quarter ;  one  of  its  chief  edifices  is  a  fine  gov- 
ernment warehouse.  In  the  upper  town  the  streets  arc 
wide  and  well  paved,  the  architecture  antiquated.  Here 
are  Franciscan  and  other  convents,  the  principal  churches, 
prison,  governor's  palace,  military  arsenal,  and  treasury, 
which  last  is  built  in  an  imposing  style.  The  trade  is 
chiefly  in  sugar,  cotton,  and  Brazil  wood.  Near  the  city 
are  some  coffee-plantations.     It  has  a  good  port. 

Parahiba  ao  Sul,  pi-rl-ee'bi  do  sool,  or  the  South- 
ern Parahiba,  a  river  of  Brazil,  states  of  Sao  Paulo  and 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  enters  the  Atantic  at  Sao  JoSo  de  Praya, 
in  lat.  21°  40'  S.,  Ion.  40°  45'  W.,  after  an  E.  course  of  500 
miles.     Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Pombal  and  Muriah^. 

Parahiba  do  Sul,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  40 
miles  N.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000. 

Parahibuna,  pl-rS,-ee-boo'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  80  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  2000. 

Parahitinga,  pa,-rS.-ee-tin'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  140  miles  N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Parahiba.     Pop.  4000. 
Parahyba,  or  Paraiba,  Brazil,    See  Parahiba. 
Paraiso  (pi-ri-ee'so)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Mon- 
terey CO.,  Cal. 

Paraje,  pa.-rS,'HJ,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Socorro  co..  New 
Mexico,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Craig. 

Par 'all  el,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Junction  City. 

Paralta,  par-al'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Sabula,  Ackiey  &  Dakota  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Marion. 
Paramaribo,   par^-mar'e-bo,  the    capital  town  of 
Dutch  Guiana,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Surinam,  5  m 


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from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  5"  49'  N.,  Ion.  55° 
22'  "W.  Pop.  22,000,  mostly  blacks.  It  is  regularly  built, 
and  the  streets  are  ornamented  with  rows  of  tamarind  and 
orange  trees.  It  has  Lutheran,  Calvinistic,  Roman  Cath- 
olic, and  English  churches,  Portuguese  and  German  Jewish 
synagogues,  and  is  the  centre  of  the  trade  of  the  colony. 
Fort  Zeelandia,  N.  of  the  town,  is  the  residence  of  the  gov- 
ernor. It  has  a  hospital  for  lepers,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Goppename,  where  patients  are  maintained  at  the  expense 
of  the  colony.     It  has  an  extensive  trade  by  sea. 

Paramatta,  par^a-mat'ta,  a  town  of  New  South  "Wales, 
CO.  of  Cumberland,  on  the  Paramatta  River,  at  a  railway 
junction,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sydney,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  steamboats.  Pop.  6103.  It  has  a  summer 
residence  of  the  governor  of  the  colony,  is  the  seat  of  sev- 
eral orphan  asylums,  schools,  barracks,  and  hospitals,  and 
has  manufactures  of  flour  and  woollen  goods. 

Paramatta,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  enters  Port 
Jackson  after  an  E.  course  of  12  miles. 

Parambakudi,  India.    See  Parmasddi. 

Paramithia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Paramythia. 

Paramo  d'Assuay,  pi'ri-mo  dis-swi',  a  pass  across 
the  Andes,  in  Ecuador,  between  lat.  0°  and  2°  S.  Eleva- 
tion, 15,528  feet. 

Paramo  de  Guanacas.    See  Guanacas. 

Paramo,  Mountains  of.    See  Andes. 

Paramoosheer,  Paramonchir,  or  Paramu- 
schir,  pi-ri-moo-sheer',  written  also  Poramushir  and 
Poromuschir,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  35  miles  S.  of  Kamchatka.  Lat.  50°  50'  N.;  Ion. 
155°  26'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60  miles ;  breadth,  20 
miles.  It  abounds  with  wild  animals,  and  exports  large 
quantities  of  fox-,  otter-,  and  wolf-skins. 

Par'amus,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from 
Rochelle  Park.     It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  mill, 

Paramythia,  or  Paramithia,  p&-rL-me-thee'fl,,  a 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Epirus,  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Yanina.  Pop.  5000.  It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower 
town,  and  has  an  old  castle,  garrisoned  by  Turks,  and  re- 
mains of  ancient  walls.     It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see. 

Parana,  p3,-r5,-ni',  a  large  river  of  South  America,  and 
one  of  the  principal  which  contribute  to  form  the  Rio  de  la 
Plata,  rises  by  numerous  heads  in  the  Brazilian  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  between  lat.  18°  and  23°  S.  and  Ion.  45°  and 
55°  W.,  near  the  sources  of  the  rivers  Doce  and  Sao  Fran- 
cisco, and  less  than  150  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It 
flows  in  a  S.W.  direction,  bounding  the  republic  of  Para- 
guay on  the  E.  and  S.,  and  separating  it,  with  the  Brazilian 
state  of  Matto-Grosso,  from  Sao  Paulo  and  the  Argentine 
provinces  of  Corrientes  and  Missiones.  Near  Corrientes, 
in  lat.  27°  25'  S.,  it  joins  the  Paraguay  and  confers  its  own 
name  on  the  united  stream.  Thence  its  course  is  south- 
ward to  within  60  miles  of  Buenos  Ayres,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Uruguay  River  to  form  the  estuary  of  the  Plata. 
Its  total  course  is  at  least  2000  miles.  In  its  upper  part  it 
receives  numerous  large  afSuents,  as  the  Paranahiba,  Tiete, 
Pardo,  Paranapaneme,  and  Curitiba;  but,  owing  to  falls,  it 
is  navigable  only  to  the  island  of  Apipe,  100  miles  above 
its  junction  with  the  Paraguay.  Below  this  point  it  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  300  tons,  and  receives  the  consider- 
able rivers  Salado  and  Quarto  from  the  W.  In  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  Rosario,  Candelaria,  Itati,  Corrientes,  Santa 
Lucia,  and  Bajada  de  Santa  F6  are  on  its  banks.  Parani 
is  also  a  name  of  the  Rio  N^gbk)  (Brazil). 

Parand,  a  state  in  the  S.  of  Brazil,  extending  from  the 
ocean  on  the  E.  to  the  river  Parang,  which  separates  it  from 
Paraguay.  Area,  85,453  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful 
region,  with  a  fine  climate  and  great  reputed  mineral  wealth. 
Capital,  Curitiba.     Pop.  187,548. 

JParana,  Argentine  Republic.  See  Bajada  de  Santa  Fe. 

Paranagua,  pi-r4-na-gwi',  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Parang,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  in  the  Atlantic, 
170  miles  S.W.  of  Santos.  Pop.  7000.  Its  port  is  excellent, 
and  is  fitted  for  vessels  of  400  tons.  It  has  a  custom-house, 
'.tt  hospital,  and  extensive  export  of  mat6. 
'  Paranahiba,  Parana-Iba,  or  Paranahyba,  pi- 
rl-nl-ee'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz,  joins  the 
Curumba  to  form  the  ParanS.,  180  miles  S.  of  Villa  Boa, 
after  a  westward  course  of  about  600  miles.  On  it,  near  its 
fiource,  is  the  town  of  Paranahiba.     See  also  Parnahiba. 

Paranapaneme,  p&-r4-ni-p4-ni'mi,  and  Paran- 
nan,  p4-rin-n4n',  are  considerable  rivers  of  Brazil,  states 
of  Sao  Paulo  and  Goyaz,  respectively  tributaries  to  the 
Paran^  and  the  Tocantins. 

Parangla,p4-r4ng'gia,  or  Parang,  p4'r4ng',  a  moun- 
tain-pass of  the  West  Himalayas,  which  at  its  summit  is 
19,132  feet  above  sea-level.     Lat.  32°  30'  N.j  Ion.  78°  E. 


Paranpeba,  p4-r4n-p4'b4,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  state  of  Minas-Qeraes,  and  joins  the  S5o  Francisco 
on  the  right,  about  40  miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Pari. 
Total  course,  about  250  miles. 

Parapara,  p4-r4-p4'r4,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  atate  of 
Guarioo,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Ortiz.     Pop.  7676. 

Parapiti,  p4-r4-pe-tee',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  which  is- 
sues from  the  N.B.  extremity  of  Lake  Granada,  flows 
E.N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  80  miles,  falls  into 
Lake  Ubahy  on  the  S. 

Parati,  p&-r&-tee',  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  136  miles  E.N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Angra  dos  Reis.  Pop.  10,000.  It 
is  small,  regularly  built,  and  has  churchee,  a  grammar- 
school,  many  distilleries,  and  an  extensive  commerce. 

Paratschin,  or  Parajin,  p4-r4-zheen',  a  town  of 
Servia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Jagodin.     Pop.  4836. 

Paray-le-Monial,  p4^r4'-l9h-mo^nee^41',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Saftne-et-Loire,  in  a  rich  valley,  7  miles  W.  of 
Charolles.  Pop.  2895.  It  has  tanneries,  potteries,  and 
dye-works,  but  is  chiefly  noted  as  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Parazatn,  Brazil.    See  Para9Atu. 

Parch  Corn,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn. 

Parchelaga  Creek,  Georgia.    See  Patsalisa. 

Parchim,  paRK'im,  or  Parchen,  paRK'^n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Elbe,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Schwerin.  Pop.  8264.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is 
subdivided  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  has  manufao- 
tures  of  woollens,  leather,  chiccory,  straw  hats,  and  tobacco. 

Parch'ment  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo., 
W.  Va.,  36  miles  S.  of  Scott's  Depot.    It  has  2  churches. 

Parchwitz,  paRK'^its,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbaoh.     Pop.  1370. 

Parcip'pany,  or  Parsip'pany,  a  post-village  io 
Hanover  township,  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.  of  Boonton, 
and  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Morristown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Par'dee,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  3 
miles  from  Cummings  Station,  which  is  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F€  Railroad,  10^  miles  S.W.  of  Atchison. 
It  has  a  normal  school. 

Par'deeville,  a  post-village  in  Wyooena  township, 
Columbia  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Portage  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pardo,  paR'do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
Matto-Grosso.  After  a  course  of  about  280  miles,  gener- 
ally S.E.,  it  joins  the  Parang  on  the  right  in  lat.  21°  36'  S. 

Pardoe,  par-do',  a  post-village  in  Findley  township, 
Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Mercer,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Sharon.  It  has  1  or 
2  churches  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  400. 

Pardubitz,  paR'doo-bits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Elbe,  and  on  the  Northern  State  Railway,  61  miles  E.  of 
Prague.     It  has  iron-forges,  paper-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  8196. 

Parechia,  p4-ri-kee'4,  Paroikia,  pi-Ro-e-kee'4,or 
Paro,  p4'ro  (anc.  Pa'roa),  the  capital  town  of  the  island 
of  Paros,  Grecian  Archipelago,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island. 
About  4  miles  E.  are  quarries  of  Parian  marble. 

Parecis,  pi-rft-sees',  acordillera  of  Brazil,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  in  lat.  15°  to  19°  S. 

Paredes  de  Nava,  p4-r4'D{s  d4  n4'v4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Palencia.  It  has  4 
parish  churches,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  coarse 
hempen  cloths.     Pop.  4769. 

Paredon,  p4-r4-d5n',  or  Great  Paredon  Kay,  an 
island  of  the  West  Indies,  in  the  old  Bahama  Channel,  N. 
of  Cuba.  Lat.  22°  25'  N. ;  Ion,  78°  8'  W.  Length,  10 
miles,  by  2  miles  in  breadth. 

Pareenuggur,  p4-ree-nilg'g8r,  a  ruined  city  of  India, 
the  remains  of  which,  near  Verawow,  on  the  peninsula  of 
Parkur,  Runn  of  Cutch,  extend  over  a  space  of  2  miles, 

Parenzo,  p4-rfin'zo,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  Istria, 
on  its  W.  coast,  10  miles  N.  of  Rovigno.     Pop.  6333. 

Pareto,  p4-r4'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
S.  of  Acqui.     Pop.  1757. 

Par'freyville,  a  hamlet  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  4\ 
miles  from  Waupaca.     It  has  a  church. 

Parga,  par'g4,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of  Turkey,  in 
Epirus,  on  a  rocky  height,  opposite  the  island  of  Paxo,  38 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Arta.    Lat.  39°  16'  N.     Pop.  4000. 

Parham,  par'Q.m,  a  town  of  Antigua,  on  the  N  J!  coast. 
It  has  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  about  800. 

Par'ham's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Catahoula  parish.  La., 
on  Black  River,  15  miles  below  Trinity.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Parham's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Va, 

Paria,  Gulf  of,  Venezuela.    See  Gilf  of  Paria. 

Par'ida,  a  village  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande 
in  Socorro  co.,  New  Mexico,  near  Socorro. 


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Paridsong,  a  village  of  Thibet.    See  Phari. 

Parign6  I'Eveque,  piVeen^yi'  liVfik',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Saithe,  9  miles  S.B.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1068. 

Parilla,  a  town  of  Pei-u.     See  Santa. 

Parima,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Rio  Branco. 

Parima,  Sierra^  se-fir'ri  p4-ree'mi,  or  Parime^ 
pi-ree'mi  (?),  an  irregular  cluster  of  mountains  of  Vene- 
Buela,  lat.  4°  to  6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  64°  to  67°  W.,  connected  on 
the  S.E.  with  the  Sierra  Paoaraima,  and  giving  rise  to  the 
Orinoco  and  other  large  rivers.  Mount  Maravaca,  the 
highest  point,  is  above  10,000  feet  high. 

Parinacochas  (pi-re-ni-ko'chis),  Lake  op,  in  South 
Peru,  department  of  Ayacucho,  S.W.  of  Pausa,  surrounded 
by  high  mountains.  It  is  20  miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.,  traversed  by  the  river  Pausa,  and  is  stated  to  be  10,000 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  gives  name  to  a  province  of  Peru. 

Parinaco'ta,  a  mountain  of  Bolivia,  near  the  coast, 
in  lat.  18°  10'  S.,  Ion.  69°  11'  W.     Height,  22,030  feet. 

Paris,  pir'ris  (Fr.  pron.  pi^ree' ;  Ger.  pron.  p4-ri8s'; 
It.  Parigi,  pi-ree'jeej  Port,  and  Sp.  Paria,  p4-reece';  anc. 
Lute'tia,  or  Lute'tia  Parisio'rum,  afterwards  Paris' it ;  Gr. 
AouTTjTta  or  AovKijTt'a),  the  metropolis  of  the  French  Repub- 
lic, the  great  centre  of  European  civilization  and  learning, 
and,  after  London,  the  most  populous  city  in  Christendom, 
is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  river  Seine,  111  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  212  miles  S.E.  of  London.  Lat.  of  the  Ob- 
servatory, 48°  50'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  20'  22i"  E.  Mean  tem- 
perature of  the  year,  51.3°  Fahr. ;  winter,  37.8° ;  summer, 
64.5°.  Mean  annual  fall  of  rain,  25  inches ;  average  number 
of  rainy  days,  105 ;  days  on  which  snow  falls,  12.  Paris  is 
one  of  the  greatest,  most  beautiful,  richest,  and  most  indus- 
trious cities  of  the  world.  The  work  of  its  embellishment 
has  been  in  progress  many  years,  especially  since  1856. 
The  narrow,  small,  unhealthy  lanes  have  given  place  to 
long  and  broad  streets  and  boulevards  sided  by  magnificent 
buildings.  The  commune  of  Paris,  surrounded  by  the  for- 
tifications, extends  on  both  sides  of  the  Seine  over  an  area 
of  19,278  acres.  The  interior  circumference  of  the  fortifi- 
cations, comprising  two  breadths  of  the  Seine,  is  21  miles 
in  length.  It  is  divided  into  20  arrondissements,  each  of 
which  is  subdivided  into  quarters.  This  space  comprises  2 
distinct  portions :  1st,  that  included  within  the  old  city 
wall,  erected  for  the  collection  of  the  octroi,  or  customs ;  and 
2d,  the  communes  of  the  banlieu,  comprised  between  the 
old  wall  and  the  line  of  the  new  fortifications.  The  first 
part,  which  forms  the  12  municipal  arrondissements  of 
the  commune  of  Paris,  is  in  many  parts  covered  with  splen- 
did monuments,  magnificent  hotels,  and  gardens.  The 
houses  are  generally  lofty  and  built  in  a  uniform  style. 
The  new  streets  are  wide,  straight,  well  paved,  and  lighted 
with  gas  J  but  many  of  the  old  streets  are  narrow  and 
crooked.  The  Rue  de  Rivoli,  prolonged  on  the  W.  by  the 
Avenue  des  Champs-Elys6es  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Rue  du 
Faubourg  St.  Antoine,  intersects  the  northern  division  of 
Paris  from  E.  to  W.,  within  a  short  distance  of  the  river. 
The  Boulevard  de  S6bastopol,  at  right  angles  to  the  Rue  de 
Rivoli,  intersects  the  city  from  N.  to  S.  The  old  and  chief 
line  of  the  boulevards  forms  a  semicircle,  the  chord  of  which 
is  the  Rue  de  Rivoli  from  the  Place  de  la  Bastille  to  the  Rue 
Royale.  The  new  Boulevard  Malesherbes,  extending  N.AV. 
from  the  Madeleine,  and  Boulevard  Prince  EugSne,  on  the 
E.,  between  the  Place  du  Tr8ne  and  the  Boulevard  St.  Mar- 
tin, are  very  fine  streets ;  the  Boulevard  de  Magenta  is  a 
continuation  of  the  latter  to  the  N.W.  Beyond  this  is  the 
irregular  line  of  the  outer  boulevards ;  while  a  third  ring 
is  formed  by  the  fortifications.  The  Seine,  which  traverses 
Paris  from  E.  to  W.  for  a  length  of  7  miles,  is  lined  with 
spacious  quays  and  bordered  with  trees.  On  it  are  moored 
washing-boats,  in  which  from  400  to  500  women  are  daily 
engaged,  and  floating  baths.  Within  the  limits  of  the  city 
it  is  crossed  by  27  bridges  of  various  kinds,  eight  of  which 
have  been  constructed  since  1852 ;  on  two  of  these  payment 
is  exacted  from  passengers.  It  receives  the  small  stream 
of  Bifevre  or  the  Gobelins  at  the  Quai  de  I'HSpital,  and  the 
Canal  of  St.  Martin,  which  joins  those  of  the  Ourcq  and  St. 
Denis.  It  here  forms  two  islands,  the  He  St.  Louis  and 
the  He  de  la  Cit6,  on  which  last  is  situated  the  cathedral 
ahurch  of  Notre  Dame,  a  Gothic  building  in  the  form  of  a 
Latin  cross,  with  a  magnificent  facade,  terminating  by  two 
square  towers  295  feet  in  height,  the  restoration  of  which 
was  completed  in  June,  1864;  the  H8tel-Dieu,  the  Palais 
de  Justice,  and  the  Pont-Neuf,  which  latter  connects  the 
lie  de  la  Cit6  with  both  sides  of  the  river.  This  is  the 
largest  bridge  in  Paris,  and  one  of  the  oldest,  having  been 
reconstructed  in  1852 ;  in  its  centre  is  a  bronze  statue  of 
Henry  IV.  The  portion  of  Paris  situated  on  the  right  bank 
f  the  river  is  the  most  extensive,  and  contains  the  greatest 


number  of  public  oflSces.  It  is  also  the  richest  and  moot 
commercial,  its  centre  being  occupied  by  the  Bourse  (Ex- 
change) of  Paris.  Among  the  many  splendid  edifices  of 
this  quarter  are  the  triumphal  arch  (Arc  de  Triomphe  du 
Carrousel),  an  imitation  of  the  arch  of  Septimius  Severus  at 
Rome,  erected  by  Napoleon  in  1806  to  the  glory  of  the 
French  armies ;  the  palace  of  the  Louvre,  appropriated  to 
rich  collections  of  paintings,  sculpture,  bronzes,  antiquities, 
and  prints;  the  new  Louvre,  uniting  the  now  destroyed 
palace  of  the  Tuileries  with  the  Louvre;  the  Oratoire,  the 
largest  Protestant  church  in  Paris ;  the  Palais  Royal,  still 
great,  though  partly  destroyed  by  the  Commune ;  the  palace 
of  the  Elys6e  Napoleon,  where  Napoleon  I.  signed  his  last 
abdication ;  the  Halles  Centrales  (central  markets) ;  the  old 
Tour  de  la  Boucherie,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Rue  de  Ri- 
voli and  the  Boulevard  de  S6bastopol ;  the  Hdtel  de  Ville, 
the  municipal  palace  of  Paris ;  the  new  Italian  opera-house, 
opened  in  1876;  and  the  church  of  the  Madeleine.  Its 
principal  streets  and  squares  are  the  Place  de  la  Concorde, 
an  immense  square,  decorated  with  fountains  and  statues ; 
the  Place  des  Viotoires,  in  which  are  the  Bank  of  France 
and  an  equestrian  statue  of  Louis  XIV. ;  the  Place  Ven- 
ddme,  in  the  centre  of  which  stands  the  triumphal  bronze 
column  erected  by  Napoleon  I.,  pulled  down  by  the  Commu- 
nists, but  re-erected  in  1874 ;  the  Place  Bastille,  with  the 
Colonne  de  Juillet,  a  bronze  monument  154  feet  high,  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  Bastille,  in  honor  of  those  who  fell  in  the 
revolution  of  1830 ;  the  Place  du  Tr8ne,  where  is  a  tri- 
umphal arch  erected  to  commemorate  the  prowess  of  the 
French  armies  between  1852-62 ;  Rue  de  Rivoli,  one  of  the 
finest  streets  of  the  city,  nearly  2  miles  long ;  Rue  de  la 
Paix,  and  Rue  Castiglione.  Most  of  these  are  in  the  centre 
or  W.  of  Paris.  The  finest  and  most  fashionable  prome- 
nades are  the  Boulevards  and  Champs-Elys6es,  at  the  W. 
end  of  which  are  the  triumphal  arch  of  L'Etoile  and  the  Bois 
de  Boulogne;  the  Place  du  Carrousel,  the  Garden  of  the 
Tuileries,  and  in  the  E.  the  cemetery  of  P^re-la-Chaise. 

The  left  bank  of  the  river  contains  the  Boulevard  St. 
Germain,  the  principal  residence  of  the  oldest  noblesse ;  the 
boulevards  are  here  also  planted,  but  the  promenades  are 
not  frequented.  On  this  side  is  the  Pays  Latin,  the  seat  of 
the  principal  educational  establishments,  and  the  Sorbonne, 
College  of  France,  colleges  of  St.  Louis,  Louis-le-Giand, 
Henri  IV.,  polytechnic  school,  the  normal  school,  inaugu- 
rated in  1846,  the  school  of  medicine,  and  schools  of 
law.  The  principal  public  buildings  on  this  side  are  the 
palace  of  the  Luxembourg,  in  part  appropriated  to  the  ex- 
hibition of  the  works  of  living  artists;  the  Fontaine  St. 
Michel,  a  marble  structure  82  feet  high ;  palace  of  the  fine 
arts ;  the  Od€on  and  Lyc6e  St.  Louis ;  Assembi^e  Nationale ; 
the  palace  of  the  Institute,  containing  the  Mazarin  Library ; 
the  Observatory,  at  the  end  of  the  Boulevard  de  S6bastopol, 
with  a  library  of  45,000  volumes ;  the  mint,  with  a  collec- 
tion of  coins,  dies,  and  medals  from  the  time  of  Charles 
VIII. ;  the  Pantheon,  a  colossal  edifice,  occupying  the 
highest  part  of  Paris,  originally  designed  for  a  church,  but 
afterwards  appropriated  to  the  remains  of  eminent  French- 
men ;  the  Hdtel  des  Invalides,  an  immense  military  hos- 
pital for  5000  men,  with  a  library  of  30,000  volumes,  a 
collection  of  models  of  fortifications,  and  an  elegant  dome, 
and  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  church  containing  the  tombs 
of  Napoleon  I.,  Turenne,  and  Vauban  ;  the  military  school, 
situated  in  the  Champ-de-Mars,  where  the  Exhibition  build- 
ings of  1867  were  erected  fand  where  another  great  inter- 
national exhibition  took  place  in  the  summer  of  1878),  1500 
feet  long  by  1245  feet  broad;  the  botanic  garden  (Jardin 
des  Plantes),  and  the  celebrated  tapestry-  and  carpet-manu- 
factory of  the  Gobelins.  This  quarter  also  contains  the 
greater  number  of  hospitals,  the  largest  of  which,  the  Sal- 
p^triSre,  has  upwards  of  4500  inmates.  Here  are  also  the 
ruins  of  the  Palais  des  Thermes,  and  the  H8tel  de  Cluny, 
founded  by  Du  Sommerard,  and  purchased  by  the  state,  con- 
taining a  museum  of  arts,  arms,  and  antiquities  ;  the  abat- 
toirs (slaughter-houses)  of  Grenelle  and  Villejuif,  and  the 
artesian  well.  There  are  8  prisons  in  Paris,  including  the 
Conciergerie  in  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the  principal  being 
La  Force,  on  the  Boulevard  Mazas,  near  the  Lyons  railway 
terminus.  A  great  portion  of  this  quarter  wa«  built  from 
quarries  extending  under  the  river,  which  formed  the  cele- 
brated catacombs  used  as  a  deposit  for  the  bones  found  in 
the  cemeteries  at  the  time  of  their  suppression.  The  space 
contained  between  the  city  wall  and  the  fortified  circle  is 
composed  of  the  communes  of  the  banlieu,  in  which  the 
population  has  greatly  increased  within  a  few  years ;  but  the 
greater  part  of  it  is  still  occupied  by  fields  or  gardens. 
These  communes  comprise  on  the  right  bank  Bercy,  Cha 
ronne,  Belleville,   La  Viletto,  La   Chapelle,    Montmartre. 


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Les  Batignolles,  Passy,  and  Auteuil ;  and  on  the  left  bank 
Grenelle,  Vaugirard,  Montrouge,  and  Qentilly.  The  ap- 
proach to  the  new  walls  is  defended  by  16  detached  forts, 
including  Romainville,  Noisy,  Rosny,  Nogent,  Charenton, 
and  the  castle  of  Vincennes,  on  the  E. ;  Bicfitre,  Montrouge, 
Vanvres,  and  Issy,  on  the  S. ;  Mont  Val6rien,  on  the  W. ; 
Aubervilliers,  and  St.  Denis  with  the  Couronne  de  la  Briche, 
and  double  Couronne,  on  the  N, 

Considered  in  reference  to  its  scientific,  literary,  and  edu- 
cational establishments,  Paris  surpasses  all  other  cities  of  the 
world.  The  headquarters  of  the  University  of  Paris  are  at 
the  Sorbonne,  founded  1253,  near  the  Hdtel  de  Cluny,  where 
degrees  are  granted  in  the  faculties  of  sciences,  letters,  and 
theology,  and  where  gratuitous  public  lectures  are  given ; 
the  college  occupies  an  area  of  nearly  three  acres,  and  its 
library  contains  80,000  volumes.  The  Ecole  de  Droit  (school 
of  law)  is  in  the  Place  du  Panth6on.  The  Eoole  de  M6de- 
cine  is  in  the  street  of  the  same  name.  The  College  Natio- 
nale  de  France,  founded  in  1530  by  Francis  I.,  is  in  the  Rue 
St.  Jacques ;  it  has  29  professors,  all  the  lectures  being  gra- 
tuitous. There  are  five  lyceums,  or  preparatory  schools, 
supported  by  government,  comprising  178  professors,  1800 
boarders,  and  2960  day-scholars ;  also  three  municipal  col- 
leges for  the  annexed  communes.  Among  the  special  schools 
are  the  Ecoles  Polytechnique,  Nationale,  Normale,  des 
Beaux- Arts,  des  Mines,  and  the  Conservatoires  des  Arts  and 
de  Musique ;  the  Observatory,  containing  a  valuable  collec- 
tion of  astronomical  and  mathematical  instruments;  the 
Jardin  des  Plantes,  a  large  botanic  garden,  with  museums  of 
natural  history  and  a  collection  of  living  animals ;  and  the 
conservatory  of  arts  and  trades,  containing  models  and  de- 
scriptions of  machinery.  A  garden  of  45i  acres,  with  25  hot- 
houses, was  opened  in  1860  by  the  Acclimatation  Society 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  in  which  legions  of 
plants  of  every  description  are  reared,  and  afterwards 
transplanted  to  ornament  the  public  gardens  of  Parin. 
Paris  is  the  seat  of  numerous  learned  and  other  societies, 
among  which  are  the  society  for  the  encouragement  of 
national  industry,  societies  of  agriculture,  geography,  geol- 
ogy, statistics,  and  antiquities.  There  are  32  libraries  in 
Paris,  6  of  which  are  public ;  of  these  the  great  national 
library  (Biblioth^que  Nationale)  is  a  magnificent  institu- 
tion. It  is  divided  into  5  sections,  containing — 1,  printed 
works  and  pamphlets,  1,800,000,  including  duplicates;  2, 
manuscripts,  200,000  volumes ;  3,  medals  and  antiquities, 
170,000,  and  10,000  gems;  4,  engravings,  1,300,000;  5, 
maps  and  charts,  300,000.  The  charity  of  Paris  is  admin- 
istered by  the  department  of  Assistance  Publique,  whose 
Btaff  numbers  about  2200.  There  are  8  general  and  7  spe- 
cial hospitals.  The  benevolent  institutions  comprise  a  deaf- 
mute  institution,  with  12  professors,  a  school  for  the  blind, 
a  government  pawn  bank,  and  numerous  civil,  maternity, 
foundling,  and  orphan  hospitals.  The  principal  theatres 
are  the  Opera  or  Academy  of  Music,  Th6S,tre  Franjais, 
Op6ra  Comique,  Od^on,  Italian  Theatre,  many  minor  thea- 
tres, an  Olympic  circus,  panorama,  diorama,  and  geo- 
rama.  The  industrial  establishments  of  Paris  embrace  all 
kinds  of  manufactures  and  commerce,  but  it  is  especially 
distinguished  for  objects  of  taste  and  fashion, — furniture, 
jewelry,  trinkets,  bronzes,  porcelain,  mirrors,  clocks  and 
watches,  painted  paper,  perfumery,  bonnets,  gloves,  and 
carriages.  There  are  about  30,000  master  tailors,  shoe- 
makers, hatters,  furriers,  dressmakers,  and  milliners,  em- 
ploying 120,000  men  and  women,  and  doing  business  to 
the  amount  of  $60,000,000  a  year.  The  manufacture  of 
trinkets  (articles  de  Paris)  employs  about  120,000  opera- 
tives. The  confectioners  produce  annually  about  $1,200,000 
worth  of  goods.  The  carpets  and  tapestries  of  the  Gobelins 
are  held  in  high  estimation,  and  Paris  is  celebrated  for  its 
mathematical  and  optical  instruments.  It  is  one  of  the 
chief  centres  in  Europe  for  the  production  of  works  con- 
nected with  literature  and  the  fine  arts.  It  has  13  prin- 
cipal newspapers,  besides  periodical  sheets  of  journals,  re- 
views, bulletins,  and  annals  of  politics,  literature,  science, 
arts,  and  fashions.  The  commerce  of  Paris  is  facilitated  by 
navigation  on  the  Seine,  by  its  connection  with  many  canals, 
and  by  rails  to  the  chief  towns  of  France.  It  has  a  cham- 
ber of  commerce  with  a  commercial  library,  an  exchange 
which  publishes  daily  returns,  and  it  is  the  seat  of  all  the 
principal  financial,  industrial,  and  commercial  societies  in 
the  country.  Among  the  eminent  persons  that  Paris  has 
produced  may  be  mentioned  the  great  Gorxi6,  Prince  Eu- 
gene of  Savoy,  Rousseau  the  poet,  Thou  the  historian, 
Moliere,  Boileau,  Voltaire,  RoUin,  D'Alembert,  the  painters 
Lehrun  and  David,  the  geographer  D'Anville,  Lavoisier, 
Madame  Roland,  and  Madame  de  Stael.  Paris  was  a  place 
of  importance  in  the  time  of  Caesar ;  it  was  then  confined 


to  the  island  in  the  Seine,  now  called  the  He  de  la  Citt,  and 
was  capital  of  that  part  of  Gaul  occupied  by  the  ParitU. 
Under  the  Roman  emperors  it  waa  greatly  extended.  Clovia 
fixed  his  empire  here  in  508.  The  establishment  of  the 
University,  in  the  year  1200,  gave  it  great  importance ;  it 
was  surrounded  by  walls  under  Philip  Augustus ;  the  inner  or 
city  wall  (d'ootroi)  was  built  nearly  as  it  now  stands,  in  1780. 
The  new  line  of  fortifications  was  commenced  in  1840,  and 
finished  in  1848.  Paris  was  delivered  up  to  the  English 
in  1420,  and  held  by  them  for  six  years.  The  allied  army 
entered  it  in  1814-15.  The  first  revolution  began  July  14, 
1789 ;  the  second,  July  27, 1830  ;  and  the  third,  February  23, 
1848.  During  the  Franco-German  war  of  1870-71,  Pari« 
was  invested  by  the  German  armies,  the  investment  com* 
mencing  on  September  21, 1870,  three  weeks  after  the  battle 
of  Sedan.  After  a  short  and  not  very  destructive  bombard- 
ment, Paris  surrendered  February  27, 1871,  and  on  March  1 
the  German  troops,  headed  by  Emperor  William  I.,  made 
their  entry  into  the  city,  proceeding,  however,  under  the 
terms  of  the  capitalation,  not  farther  than  from  the  Bois  de 
Boulogne  to  the  Place  de  la  Concorde.  On  March  18,  while 
yet  the  German  armies  were  holding  the  heights  surround- 
ing the  city,  a  terrible  insurrection,  known  as  that  of  the 
Commune,  broke  out,  forcing  the  government  and  legi:-- 
lature  to  withdraw  to  Versailles,  and  the  palace  of  the 
Tnileries  (partially)  the  Hdtel  de  Ville,  and  many  other  of 
the  principal  buildings  were  burned.  Paris  was  taken  by 
storm  by  the  "  army  of  Versailles,"  May  28,  1871,  and  order 
was  restored.  Since  the  establishment  of  the  republic  a 
system  of  improvements  has  been  inaugurated,  scarcely 
inferior  to  those  of  the  second  empire.  Pop.  in  1881, 
2,269,023;  in  1891,  2,447,957. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pari- 
sian, par-izh'^n  (Fr.  Parisien,  p&Vee^ze-&>p>'  (masculine), 
and  Parisienke,  pi^ree^ze-enn'  (feminine). 

Par'iSy  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  Ark.,  about 

18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ozark.  It  has  several  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  flour-mills,  cotton-gins,  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  547. 

Paris,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
about  40  miles  from  Franklin  Station  of  the  Utah  Northern 
Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  893. 

Paris,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  in  Pari* 
township,  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  36  miles  S.  of  Danville,  and  170 
miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
7  churches,  a  normal  academy,  2  national  banks,  and  3 
newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  in  1890,  4996 ;  of  township,  6260. 

Pans,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on  Graham  s 
Fork,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  mile^  S. 
of  North  Vernon,  and  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Paris,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  1  Pacific 
Railroad,  18J  miles  E.N.E.  of  Centreville,  Iowa. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  571. 

Paris,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Linn  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Marion, 
and  21  miles  N.  by  E,  of  Cedar  Rapids,     Pop.  110. 

Paris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Kansas,  16  milet 
from  Beloit,     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1287.  ll 
contains  Mansfield  and  Farlinville. 

Paris,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  is  situ- 
ated on  Stoner  Creek,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Maysville  4  Lexington  Railroad, 

19  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  80  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cov- 
ington. It  contains  a  court-house,  a  military  institute,  S 
banks  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $575,000,  the  Bourbon 
Female  College,  the  Garth  Female  College,  3  newspaper 
offices,  gas-works,  10  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
rope,  and  whisky.     Pop.  in  1890,  4218. 

Paris,  or  Paris  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oxford 
CO.,  Me.,  in  Paris  township,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Portland,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Qrand  Trunk  Railroad.  It 
is  on  a  hill  about  800  feet  high,  and  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  or  3  hotels,  and  an  academy.  The  township 
contains  also  South  Paris  (which  see).  Mount  Mica,  in 
Paris  township,  is  remarkable  for  the  abundance  and  va- 
riety of  rare  minerals  which  it  contains.  Fine  specimens 
of  tourmaline  are  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2931. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Huron  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  891. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Kent  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1543. 

Paris,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Meooeta  co., 
Mich.,  on  Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  h 
Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Reed  City,  and  60  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a  Inmbw- 
mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 


PAR 


2114 


PAR 


Paris,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  oo,,  Miss.,  13  miles  E.  of 
Water  Valley.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Paris,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Middle 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad  (Main  Line),  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and 
26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Moberly.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  woollen  goods. 
Pop,  about  1500. 

Paris,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road, and  drained  by  Sauquoit  Creek.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 3596.  It  contains  villages  named  Clayville  and  Sau- 
quoit, and  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  paper,  woollens, 
&c.  Paris  Station  is  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Utica.  Paris 
Post-Office  is  at  Paris  Hill. 

Paris,  a  post-office  of  Anson  oo.,  N.C. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  0.     Pop.  691. 

Paris,  Preble  co.,  0.    See  New  Paris. 

Paris,  a  post- village  in  Paris  township.  Stark  oo.,  0., 
11  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alli- 
ance. It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2625. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.  Pop.  2838.  It 
contains  Marysville. 

Paris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  about  31 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school. 

Paris,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Paris,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Henry  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  131  miles  N.E.  of 
Memphis,  and  69  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clarksville.  It  contains 
4  or  5  churches,  a  seminary  or  college,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  9  dry-goods  stores,  3  hotels,  2  cotton-factories,  a 
flour-mill,  and  2  tobacco-factories.  Cotton  and  tobacco  are 
the  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890, 1917. 

Paris,  a  flourishing  town,  capital  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex., 
is  on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  di- 
vision), 64  miles  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
banks,  7  churches,  the  Lamar  Female  Seminary,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  brooms, 
furniture,  ploughs,  wagons,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  8264. 

Paris,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  is  at  the 
6.E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Winchester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.     Pop.  940. 

Paris,  a  post-office  in  Paris  township,  Kenosha  co.. 
Wis.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Racine.  The  township  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1018. 

Paris,  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Brant,  on  Grand  River, 
at  the  intersection  of  the  Great  Western  and  Bufialo  &, 
Goderich  Branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  29  miles  W. 
of  Hamilton.  Here  are  6  churches,  a  branch  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  7  hotels,  about  40  stores,  and  manufactories 
of  woollen  goods,  iron  castings,  machinery,  leather,  flour, 
and  tobacco.  The  town  also  has  an  oil-refinery,  pottery, 
knitting-mills,  plaster-mills,  and  extensive  beds  of  gypsum 
in  the  vicinity.     Paris  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2640. 

Parisburg,  Virginia.    See  Pbarisburg. 

Paris  Cros'sing^,  a  post-office  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind. 

Par'ish,  a  post-village  in  Parish  township,  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Salmon  Creek,  and  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.  of  Pulaski,  and  27  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2062. 

Parish  Grove,  township,  Benton  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  193. 

Paris  Hill,  Oxford  co..  Me.     See  Paris. 

Paris  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.T.,  in  Paris 
township,  lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Utica,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Paris 
Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Paris  Post-Office. 

Par'ishville,  a  post-village  in  Parishville  township, 
bi.  Lawrence  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  St. 
Regis  River,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potsdam,  and  about  34  miles 
B.  by  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  The  river  here  descends  125  feet 
in  the  course  of  a  mile,  and  furnishes  abundant  motive- 
power.  Parishville  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
]uinber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  578;  of  the  township,  2272. 

Parishville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo.,  Va.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Winchester. 

Parishville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence 
00.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Canton. 

Parisii,  an  ancient  name  of  Paris. 

Paris  (or  Par'ry)  Island,  an  island  of  Beaufort  co., 
6.C.,  4  miles  S.  of  Beaufort.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Port  Royal  Bay.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  and  produces  fine  sea-island  cotton. 


Paris  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Danville  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Paris  Mountain,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  690. 

Paris  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  about  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  a  hotel,  and  a  church. 

Par'isville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Paris  township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Parisville,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  0. 

Parita,  pi-ree'ti,  agulf  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 
partment of  Panama,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Panama, 
about  30  miles  across,  and  extending  20  miles  inland. 

Parita,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Parita,  department  and  100  miles  S.W.  of  Panama. 

Pariwara  (p&-re-w&'r&)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific,  S.E.  of  Papua.     Lat.  9°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  50'  E, 

Park,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Colorado,  has  an 
area  of  about  2000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  grand  mountain-scenery,  and 
forests  of  pine,  fir,  and  other  trees.  The  Park  Range  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  extends  along  the  N.  and  W.  border  of 
this  county,  which  comprises  the  vast  and  fertile  plain  or 
valley  called  the  South  Park  (which  see).  It  is  liberally 
supplied  with  timber  and  water,  and  produces  good  natural 
pasture,  also  barley,  oats,  butter,  and  potatoes.  The  prin- 
cipal sedimentary  rocks  found  in  the  South  Park  are  triassio. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  silver,  gold,  copper,  zinc, 
lead,  limestone,  and  granite.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Colorado  Midland 
Railroad,  the  former  of  which  connects  with  Fair  Play,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  447;  in  1880,  3970;  in  1890,  354S. 

Park,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  about  46  miles 
S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Park,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  189. 

Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Horse  Cave  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Park,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1274. 

Park,  a  township  of  Clay  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  190. 

Park,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb. 

Park,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  Si,  Elmira  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Elmira.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Parkany,  p^ii^k&n',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, CO.  of  and  immediately  opposite  Gran.     Pop.  1562. 

Park  City,  a  hamlet  of  Sedgwick  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  12  miles  above  Wichita. 

Park  City,  a  mining-town  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Southern  Pacific  and  Utah  Central  Rail- 
ways, 31  miles  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  silver-mine.« 
and  quartz-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2850. 

Park  Cone,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Mountains, 
lat.  38°  48'  N.,  Ion.  106°  36'  W.;  height,  12,021  feet. 

Park  Corner,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  8  miles  from  Princetown.     Pop.  300. 

Park'dale,  a  post- village  in  Tumuli  township.  Otter 
Tail  CO.,  Minn.,  22  miles  from  Campbell  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Parkdale,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Southein  Railroad. 

Parke,  park,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Sugar  and 
Raccoon  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines 
of  good  bituminous  coal,  called  block  coal,  have  been  opened 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Terre  Haute  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &,  Western 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Rockville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  18,166;  in  1880,  19,460;  in  1890,  20,296. 

Parke,  York  co..  Pa.    See  Broguetille  Station. 

Parke  Bar,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  250. 

Park'er,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos 
River.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertilei.  Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Weatherford.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4186;  in  1880,  15,870;  in  1890,  21,682. 

Parker,  a  post-ofBce  of  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  on  the 
Colorado  River,  180  miles  S.W.  of  Prescott.  Here  is  an 
Indian  agency. 


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Parker,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  111.     Pop.  863. 

Parker,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    See  Morristown. 

Parker,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  3  miles  below  Cofieyville, 
and  near  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad, 
Pop.  of  township,  excluding  Coffeyville,  772. 

Parker,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  601. 
It  contains  Parkersville. 

Parker,  a  post-office  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Parker,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1309. 

Parker,  a  station  of  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  & 
Piedmont  Railroad,  17i  miles  W.  of  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Parker  City,  or  Parker's  Landing  (former  name 
Ijawrenceburg),  a  post-town  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Parker  <fc  Kama 
City  Railroad,  82  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  50  miles 
S.  of  Oil  City.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  oil, 
which  abounds  in  the  vicinity.  The  name  of  its  railroad 
station  is  Parker.  It  contains  an  opera-house,  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  oil  exchange,  several  hotels,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  &o.,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  a  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  Parker  is 
situated  at  the  base  of  a  bluff  about  300  feet  high,  and  has 
an  iron  bridge  over  the  river,  which  here  flows  through 
picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1317. 

Parker  Junction,  Pennsylvania.    See  East  Parker. 

Parker's,  a  station  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare 
Railroad.  10  miles  N.W.  of  Manchester,  N.H. 

Park'ersburg,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  111.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Olney.     It  has  2  churches. 

Parkersbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scott  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ind.,  12  miles  S.  of  Crawfordsville. 

Parkersburg,  a  post-village  in  Albion  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  Iowa,  on  Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  118  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Parkersbarg,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  95  miles  below  Wheeling. 
By  railroad  it  is  384  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  195  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  a  W.  terminus  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad  for  Cincinnati  and 
St.  Louis.  The  railroad  trains  cross  the  Ohio  River  here 
on  a  noble  bridge,  which  was  erected  in  1869-71  and  cost 
more  than  $1,000,000.  It  is  1^  miles  long,  has  6  spans  over 
the  river,  and  numerous  approaching  spans.  The  Ohio 
River  Railroad,  whose  main  offices  are  here,  extends  from 
Wheeling  to  the  Kentucky  line  along  the  Ohio  River.  A 
branch  road  to  Marietta,  0.,  12  miles,  connects  Parkersburg 
with  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central,  the  Zanesville  &  Ohio 
River,  and  the  Cincinnati  &  Marietta  Railroad  systems.  A 
system  of  local  and  United  States  dams  gives  slack-water 
navigation  on  the  Little  Kanawha  River.  Parkersburg 
contains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  fine  high  and  numer- 
ous ward  schools,  1  state  and  4  national  banks,  gas-  and 
electric-light-works,  street-car  system,  12  wholesale  houses, 
3  large  flouring-mills,  a  fine  new  building  erected  by  the 
United  States  for  a  post-office  and  court-house,  3  oil-re- 
fineries, 6  large  lumber-mills,  iron-foundries,  machine- 
shops,  chemical  works,  2  boiler-shops,  and  2  barrel-factories. 
Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
The  city  has  an  extensive  trade  in  oil  (petroleum),  which 
is  procured  in  this  and  adjoining  counties.  Pop.  in  1880, 
6582 ;  in  1890,  8408.  In  1894,  by  extending  limits,  over 
12,000. 

Parker's  Corners,  a  village  of  Gorham  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.     It  has  a  church. 

Parker's  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Bath,  and 
about  4  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  church.  Much  ice 
is  exported  from  this  place. 

Parker's  Lake,  a  post-offioe  of  Hennepin  co., 
Minn. 

Parker's  Landing,  Pa.    See  Parkbr  Citt. 

Parker's  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 
Otter  Tail  oo.,  Minn.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Alexandria. 
Pop.  of  Parker's  Prairie  township,  658. 

Parker's  Station,  Pennsylvania.  See  Bast  Parker. 

Parker's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Qa.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Hartwell.     It  has  2  churches. 

Park'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Pocopson  Station,  which  is  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.     It  has  a  church. 


Park'erville,  a  post-village  in  Parker  township,  Mor- 
ris CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas,  A  Texas  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Junction  City.     Pop.  about  250. 

Parkerville,  a  post-village  of  Shrewsbury  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Shrewsbury  SUtion, 
which  is  40  miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  It  haa  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  300. 

Parkerville,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  40  miles  above  Kalama.  Pop.  36. 
Here  is  Washougal  Post-Office. 

Parkesbnrg,  parks'burg,  a  post-village  in  Sadsbury 
township,  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  in  Chester  Valley,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  iron-works,  a  machine-shop,  a  newspaper  office,  the 
Parkesburg  Institute,  a  bank,  and  3  churcnes.     Pop.  817. 

Parkestown,  parks't5wn,a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co., 
N.  J.,  1  mile  from  West  Creek  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Park'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Chester,  on  the  Dee.  It  has  a  quay  and  many  good 
residences  for  the  accommodation  of  sea-bathers. 

Park  Hall,  or  Park  Hill,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's 
CO.,  Md.,  about  56  miles  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Fark'head,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark,  now 
forming  a  part  of  Glasgow.  It  has  many  iron-foundries 
and  machine-shops. 

Park  Head,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  15 
miles  W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 

Park  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Wisner. 

Park  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Park  Hill,  a  market-town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  128  miles  W.  of  Toronto. 
It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  about  30  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  leather, 
musical  instruments,  Ac,  also  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding- 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1500. 

Park'hnrst,  a  post-village  in  Lotbini^re  co.,  Quebec, 
31  miles  S.  of  Quebec.    Pop.  150. 

Park'ins'  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  oo.,Va., 
5  miles  from  Winchester.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Park'inson's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Hardin 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Equality.  It  has 
2  stores. 

Park'man,  a  post-village  in  Parkman  township,  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  Me.,  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1105. 

Parkman,  a  post-village  in  Parkman  township,  Geauga 
CO.,  0.,  on  Grand  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land, and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Warren.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  <tc.  Pop.  about 
450 ;  of  the  township,  953. 

Park  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md.,  about 
48  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  3  flour-mills  and  several 
churches. 

Park,  National.  See  Yellowstone  National  Park, 
and  YosEMiTE  Valley. 

Park  Place,  a  post-offioe  of  Lee  co.,  Ark. 

Park  Place,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A 
Dayton  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Park  Place,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snohomish  oo.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Skywamish  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Snohomish. 

Park  Range,  Colorado,  a  portion  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain system,  which  trends  nearly  N.  and  S.  It  is  near  Ion. 
106°  W.,  and  near  the  W.  border  of  the  South  Park.  Its 
highest  peaks  are  Mount  Lincoln  (14,297  feet).  Quandary 
Peak  (14,269  feet),  and  Buckskin  Mountain  (14,022  feet). 
Gold  occurs  in  many  parts  of  this  range.  The  peaks  are 
singularly  sharp,  and  many  of  them  totally  inaoceasible. 
Sedimentary  rocks  are  found  on  the  summits  of  this  range. 
Silver  is  mined  on  Mount  Lincoln. 

Park  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Maine  township.  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  brick -yard ;  also  an  artesian  min- 
eral well,  1600  feet  deep.     Pop.  in  1890,  987. 

Park  Ridge,  a  post-bamlet  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.,  ob 
the  New  Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  Park  Ridge  Institute. 

Park's,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Park's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Leroy  township, 
Boone  co.,  111.,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Rockford.    It  has  a  church. 

Park's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Park's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  Id 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Clinton. 

Parks  of  Colorado.  See  Middlb  Park,  Nobtb 
Park,  Ac. 


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Park's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
in  the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Co- 
lumbia.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Park's  Store,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala. 

Park's  Store,  a  post-oflBce  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Park  Station,  a  station  on  the  Los  Angeles  &  Inde- 
pendence Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Park'stone,  a  northasstern  suburb  of  Poole,  England, 
30.  of  Dorset,  with  many  fine  villas.     Pop.  1318. 

Parks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad, 
89  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  flour,  and  farming-utensils.     Pop.  173. 

Parksville,  New  Jersey.    See  Parkville. 

Parksville,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Sulli- 
van CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 113  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  ohorch,  a 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  &o. 

Parksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  about  50 
miles  E.  of  Chattanooga. 

Park'ton,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church  and  4  general  stores. 

Parkur,  par-kQr',  a  peninsula  of  India,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Runn  of  Cutch.     Lat.  24°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  52'  E. 

Parkuta,  par-koo't&,  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Bulti,  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Iskardoh.     Lat.  35°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  51'  E. 

Park  View,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Rio  Arriba  co..  New 
Mexico. 

Park  View  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  40°  19'  12"  N.  and  Ion.  106°  7' 
12"  W.  It  is  on  the  N.  border  of  the  Middle  Park,  and  has 
an  altitude  of  12,433  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Park'ville,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Parkville,  a  post-office  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of 
Hartford. 

Parkville,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Champaign.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  a  flour- 
mill,  &o. 

Parkville,  or  Parkeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke 
00.,  Ind.,  2  miles  E.  of  Judson  Station,  and  9  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rockville.     It  has  a  church. 

Parkville,  a  post-village  in  Park  township,  St.  Joseph 
00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Portage  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Parkville,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fe  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad,  about  22  miles  below  Leavenworth,  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college, 
and  quarries  of  limestone.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Parkville,  or  Parks'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Swedesborough  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Woodbury. 

Parkville,  a  post-village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Flat- 
bush  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  4  churches. 

Park'AVOod,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Indiana,  and  38  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Paria,  paR'li,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1097. 

Par'ley's  Park,  a  post-village  of  Summit  oo.,  Utah, 
22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Echo  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
shurch,  a  silver-mine,  and  several  silver-mills. 

Par'lin  Pond,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Somerset 
30.,  Me.     Pop.  11. 

Par 'low,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  W. 
eoast  of  the  island  of  Celebes,  on  a  river  which  flows  into 
Parlow  Bay.     Lat.  1°  S.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  rajah. 

Parma,  par'ma  (L.  and  It.  Parwia,  paR'mi ;  Yr.Parme, 
paRm),  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Parma, 
18  situated  on  the  Parma,  an  affluent  of  the  Po,  72  miles 
S.E.  of  Milan.  Lat.  44°  48'  16"  N.;  Ion.  10°  20'  8"  E. 
Pop.  in  1881,  44,492.  It  is  of  a  circular  form,  surrounded 
by  walls,  and  entered  by  5  gates,  and  has  a  glacis  forming 
a  public  promenade.  The  chief  public  edifices  are  a  cathe- 
dral, with  valuable  paintings,  the  palace,  with  a  library  of 
206,000  volumes,  an  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  a  museum  of 
antiquities,  a  botanic  garden,  a  public  library,  and  a  mu- 
sical school.  It  has  a  university,  numerous  scientific  estab- 
lishments, civil  and  military  hospitals,  and  a  school  for 
deaf-mutes.  The  manufactures  comprise  silk  goods,  cottons, 
woollens,  lace,  earthenware,  swords,  cutlery,  glass,  and  musi- 
cal instruments.  The  trade  is  chiefly  in  corn,  silk,  cheese, 
pastry,  wine,  and  salted  provisions.  Parma  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop.  It  is  said  to  be  of  Etruscan  origin,  but  is  first  spoken 
o*  as  a  Roman  colony. 


Parma,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  bounded  S.  by 
the  Apennines  and  N.  by  the  Po.  Area,  1251  square  miles. 
Chief  products,  silk,  cheese,  oil,  wine,  marble,  grain,  and 
fruits.  It  was  a  part  of  the  former  duchy  of  Parma.  Capi- 
tal, Parma.     Pop.  264,381. 

Par'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Centre  township,  about  30  milts  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It 
has  a  church. 

Parma,  a  post-village  in  Parma  tind  Sandstone  town- 
ships, Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  and  about  35  miles  S.  of 
Lansing.  It  contains  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  union  school,  1 
or  2  flouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  foundry.  Pop. 
about  600;  of  Parma  township,  1407. 

Parma,  a  post- village  in  Parma  township,  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Spencerport  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  a  foundry,  Ac.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by 
Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  North  Parma,  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  Pop.  of  township, 
2963. 

Parma,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parma  township,  Cuyahoga 
CO.,  0.,  about  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cleveland.  The  township 
has  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1432. 

Parma  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Parma  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  11  or  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Parmagudi,  par-m&-goo'dee,  or  Parumbakudi, 
par-&m-b&-koo'dee,  a  town  of  India,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Madura,  with  important  native  manufactures  of  silk  car- 
pets, muslins,  silks,  <t;o.     Pop.  6284. 

Par'mele,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  oo.,  N.C.,  about  15 
miles  E.  of  Tarborough. 

Parm'elee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Thornapple  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Graud  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  an 
elevator,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Parmes^warpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  3621. 

Parmitchie,  par-mitch'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alcorn 
CO.,  Miss.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a  nursery,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  &c. 

Farm'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky., 
100  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Parnac,  paR'n&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Le^Blanc.     Pop.  1404. 

Parnahiba,  paR-n&-ee'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near 
lat.  11°  S.,  Ion.  47°  W.,  flows  N.N.E.,  separating  the  states 
of  Piauhy  and  Maranhao,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  by  several 
mouths  about  lat.  2°  50'  8.,  Ion.  41°  35'  W.  Total  course 
estimated  at  750  miles.  It  drains  the  whole  state  of  Piauhy, 
its  chief  affluents  from  the  S.  and  E.  being  the  Urucahi, 
Piauhy,  Poti,  and  Qoroguea ;  from  the  W.  it  receives  the 
Balsas.  Parnahiba,  near  its  mouth,  is  the  chief  of  the 
towns  on  its  banks.     See  also  Paranahiba. 

Parnahiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Parnahiba,  near  its  mouth.  It  is  an  en- 
trep&t  for  cotton  and  leuther. 

Parnahiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  43  miles  W. 
of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  river  Tiete. 

Parnas'sns,  or  Liakhnra,  le-a-Koo'r&,  a  famous 
mountain  of  Greece,  in  Phocis,  its  culminating  point  in 
lat.  38°  35'  N.,  Ion.  22°  27'  E.,  8068  feet  above  the  sea. 
Between  this  and  an  adjacent  peak  is  a  renowned  rivulet, 
known  in  antiquity  as  the  Castalian  Fountain,  and  on  the 
S.  declivity  of  the  mountain  is  the  Corycian  Cave,  a  stal- 
actitic  grotto,  330  feet  in  length  by  nearly  200  in  width. 
The  summit  of  Parnassus  commands  a  magnificent  view, 
comprising  nearly  all  Hellas,  the  Corinthian  Gulf,  and  th«» 
N.  part  of  the  Morea. 

Parnas'sus,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  bank,  an 
academy,  4  churches,  a  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Parnassus,  a  post-office  of  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  17 
miles  E.  of  Society  Hill. 

Parnassus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  chair- 
factory. 

Par^nell',  a  suburb  of  Auckland,  in  New  Zealand. 
Pop.,  with  Newton,  8815. 

Par^nell',  a  hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Atchison,  at  the  junction  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  F6  and  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroads. 

Parnes,  par'niz,  or  Nozea,  no-zee'i,  a  mountain  of 
Greece,  16  miles  N.  of  Athens.     Height,  4640  feet. 

Paro,  a  large  river  of  Peru.     See  Ucayale. 


PAR 


2117 


PAS 


ParOf  a  town  on  the  island  of  Paros.     See  Parechia. 

Faro,  pi'ro,  a  town  of  Bootan,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Taa- 
■iflndon.     It  has  manufactures  of  images  and  arms. 

ParcBtonium,  the  ancient  name  of  Baretoon. 

Farola,  or  Parolah,  pi-ro'l4,  a  town  of  India,  pres- 
idency of  Bombay,  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaulna.     P.  12,168. 

Paroo  (or  Paru)  Khas,  pi-roo'  kis,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  and  20  miles  W.  of  MozufiFerpoor.     Pop.  3522. 

Paropamisan  (pi^ro-pi-me-sin')  Mountains,  in 
Afghanistan  and  East  Persia,  cover  an  extent  of  350  miles 
in  length  from  E.  to  W.  by  200  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  sepa- 
rate the  Deserts  of  Yezd  and  Toorkistan,  and  are  connected 
E.  with  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  and  W.  with  the  Elbrooz  Moun- 
tains, S.  of  the  Caspian  Sea.  They  are  inhabited  by 
Eimauks,  Huzarehs,  and  other  tribes,  whose  chief  resource 
is  in  their  flocks  and  herds.     See  also  Hindoo-Koosh. 

Pa'ros,  a  fertile  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  5 
miles  W.  of  Naxos,  with  which,  and  many  smaller  islands, 
it  forms  the  governments  of  Naxos  and  Parps.  Lat.  of 
Mount  St.  Elias,  37°  N.,  Ion.  25°  11'  E.  Area,  100  square 
miles.  Pop.  6000.  It  produces  corn,  wine,  oil,  cotton,  and 
marble  of  the  finest  quality.  The  quarries  are  about  4 
miled  E.  of  the  chief  town,  Parechia.     Port  Nassau,  on  the 

N.  side,  is  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  archipelago. 

Adj.  Parian,  pS,'re-§,n.  One  and  a  half  miles  W.  is  the 
islet  of  Antiparos. 

Parowan,  pd'ro-win,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iron 
CO.,  Utah,  is  about  200  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  by  W.  of 
Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  2  tanneries,  a  flour-mill, 
and  several  saw-mills.  Iron,  coal,  and  silver  are  said  to  be 
found  here.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Parral)  par-r3,r,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  and  30 
miles  S.  of  Linares.     Pop.  5448. 

Par'ramore  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Scriven  co.,  6a.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  74  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Parras,  paR'nis,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Durango, 
32  miles  E.  of  Mapimi,  noted  for  its  wines  and  brandies. 

Parrauntage,  par-rawn'taj,  Purantej,  or  Pran- 
tej,  p'r^n'tej,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30  miles  N.  of 
Ahmedabad,  on  the  Sabermuttee.     Pop.  8341. 

Par'ret,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  Beaminster, 
Dorset,  flows  N.  and  N.W.  through  Somerset,  and  enters 
Bridgewater  Bay.  Length,  40  miles.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  200  tons. 

Par'rish,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  about  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Duquoin. 

Parrish,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  about 
12  miles  "W.  of  Burlington. 

Par'rott,  a  post-village  of  La  Plata  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Rio  la  Plata,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Silverton.  It  is  surrounded 
by  high  mountains,  and  has  about  100  houses,  and  rich 
mines  of  gold  and  silver.     Elevation,  8611  feet. 

Par'rottsville,  a  post-village  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  French  Broad  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Newport,  and 
about  45  miles  E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  semi- 
nary, and  a  tannery.     Pop.  100. 

Parrsborough,parz'biir-ruh,  a  seaport  town  and  port 
of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on  a  strait 
connecting  Minas  Basin  with  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Athol.  It  contains  about  20  stores,  4  hotels,  a  tan- 
nery, and  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  has  a  considerable  trade 
in  lumber  and  shipping.     Pop.  800. 

Par'ry,  or  Mauki,  mSw'kee,  an  island  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  20°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  157°  11'  W.  It  is  2 
miles  in  diameter. 

Par'ry,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Fort 
AVayne  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  Ind. 

Parry  Island,  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.    See  Paris  Island. 

Parry  Islands,  Arctic  Ocean,  is  a  name  often  applied 
to  the  small  islands  N.  of  Melville  and  Bathurst. 

Parry  Islands,  a  number  of  small  islands  forming 
*he  N.  cluster  of  the  Benin  Islands,  in  the  Pacific. 

Parry  Sound,  a  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Ontario,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Georgian  Bay,  comprises  an  area  of  2,188,580 
acres.     Pop.  1519. 

Parry  Sound,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  on  Parry 
Sound,  an  inlet  of  Georgian  Bay,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Colling- 
wood.     Pop.  1052. 

Par'ryville,  a  post- village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  and  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroads,  6  miles  below  Mauch  Chunk.  Here  are 
several  blast-furnaces.     Pop.  in  1890,  fi05. 

Par'sa,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Sarun  district,  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Patna.     Pop.  4932. 

Par'shallville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
•bout  42  miles  E.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2  churches. 

Parsippany,  Morris  co.,  N.J.     See  Paroippant. 


Par'sonburg ,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Wioomioo  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Wicomico  A  Pooomoke  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Salis* 
bury.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parsonfield  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  38  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portland.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  contains  also  a  village 
named  East  Parsonfield,  and  a  pop.  of  1894. 

Par'sons,  a  post-town  of  Laoette  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  S.E.  terminus 
of  the  Neosho  division  of  the  same,  and  also  on  the 
Memphis,  Kansas  A  Colorado  Railroad,  48  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Fort  Scott,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Humboldt,  and  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Independence.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  school-buildings  costing 
each  $15,000,  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs,  and 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  6736. 

Parsons,  a  post- village  in  Plains  township,  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  3  or  4  churches  and  several 
collieries.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Parson's  Creek,  township,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    P.  1118. 

Parsonstown,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Birr. 

Partanna,  par-t4n'n&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
19  miles  S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  of  commune,  12,467. 

Partel'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing. 

Partenheim,  paR'tQn-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  circle  of  Alzey.     Pop.  1080. 

Partenico,  paR-tin'e-ko,  or  Partinico,  paR-tce'- 
ne-ko,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pa- 
lermo. Pop.  20,154.  It  exports  wine  and  oil,  and  ban 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics. 

Parthenay,  paRH^h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deoz- 
SSvres,  on  the  Thouet,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Niort.  It  has  s 
hospital  and  a  town  hall,  also  manufactures  of  cloth,  leather, 
porcelain,  and  farina.      Pop.  4212. 

Parthenope,  an  ancient  name  of  Naples. 

Par'tick,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  on  the 
Kelvin,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Clyde,  2  miles  N.W. 
of  Glasgow.  Pop.  23,904.  It  has  extensive  flour-mills, 
and  yards  for  building  iron  ships,  also  an  academy  and  a 
great  hospital. 

Partinico,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Partenico. 

Part'low's,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  oo.,  Va., 
about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Par'tridge,  a  post-office  of  Jeff'erson  co.,  Ala. 

Partridge,  a  township  of  Woodford  co..  111.    Pop.  39&. 

Partridge,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Partridge  Island,  New  Brunswick,  is  in  St.  John 
harbor,  S.  of  St.  John.  It  is  a  quarantine  station,  and  baa 
a  light-house'and  fog-horn. 

Partridge  Island,  a  village  and  headland  of  Not* 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Cumberland.     Pop.  of  village,  100. 

Partschendorf,  paRt'sh^n-doRr  (Moravian,  Bartot- 
sowice,  bar-tos-so-veet'si),  a  town  of  Moravia,  38  miles  E. 
of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1740. 

Parn,  pi-roo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Amaxon  280 
miles  W.  of  Pari,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  350  miles. 

Paru  Khas,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Paroo  Khas. 

Paruro,  pi-roo'ro,  a  town  of  Peru,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cuzco,  on  the  Apurimac. 

Parvich,  paR'viK,  or  Parvichio,  par-vee'koe-o,  an 
island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Quamero,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Zeng.     Length,  4  miles. 

Parys,  par'is,  a  mountain  of  Wales,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Anglesey,  S.  of*  the  town  of  Amlwch,  which  owes  its  pros- 
perity to  the  copper-mines  of  the  mountain. 

Pas^ade'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  in 
San  Gabriel  Valley,  3i  miles  from  San  Gabriel  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  4882. 

Fasages,  or  Pasajes,  pi-si'Hfe,  a  town  and  port  of 
Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  3  miles  E.  of  St.  Sebastian,  on  the 
Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  921. 

Pasargada,  or  Pasargadae.    See  MooRGBAnB. 

Pasaron,  pi-si-r5n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
province  and  N.E.  of  Caoeres.     Pop.  1379. 

Pasay,  p&-si',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its  N.  ooast,  about 
140  miles  E.S.E.  of  Acheen.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Pascack,  Bergen  co.,  N.J.    See  Paskack. 

Pascagoula,  pas-k%-goo'I^,  a  navigable  river  of  Mis- 
sissippi, is  formed  by  the  Chickasawha  and  Leaf  Rivers, 
which  unite  in  the  S.  part  of  Greene  co.  It  runs  south- 
ward through  Jackson  oo.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexioc 
after  a  course  of  nearly  86  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  a  small 
bay,  called  Pascagoula  Bay. 

Pascagoula,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  summet 
resort  of  Jackson   co..  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at 


PAS 


2118 


PAS 


the  mouth  of  the  Paacagoula  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans 
k  Mobile  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile,  and  1^  miles 
from  Scranton,  the  county  town.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofiSce, 
4  hotels,  2  churches,  16  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  foundry, 
and  a  tannery.  Large  quantities  of  pine  lumber  are  shipped 
here.     Pop.  about  350. 

Pascagonla  Bay^  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  situated 
at  the  S.£.  extremity  of  Mississippi,  and  at  the  mouth  of 
Pascagoula  River.  Low,  narrow  islands  separate  it  from 
the  gulf. 

Pascha^  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Pasha. 

Faschall,  pas'kal,  a  village  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington &  Baltimore  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 

Paschendaele,  p&sK'^n-d&^l^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  3200. 

Pasco,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Cerro  de  Pasco. 

Fascoag,  pis-k3g',  a  post- village  in  Burrillville  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &.  Spring- 
field Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  several  woollen-mills,  a  savings-bank,  2 
churches,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Pascnaro,  p&s-kw&'ro,  written  also  Pasqnaro  and 
Patzquaro,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Michoaoan,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Morelia,  on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Lake  of 
Pascuaro.     Pop.  6000,  partly  employed  in  copper-mines. 

Pas«de> Calais,  pi-d^h-kftMi',  a  department  in  the 
N.E.  of  France,  formed  of  parts  of  the  old  provinces  of  Artois, 
Picardy,  and  Flanders,  on  the  English  Channel  and  Strait 
of  Dover  (Pas-de-Calais),  between  the  departments  of  Nord 
and  Somme.  Area,  2505  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 
874,364.  The  surface  is  traversed  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  by  a 
chain  of  hills,  which  separate  the  basin  of  the  North  Sea 
from  that  of  the  Channel,  and  give  rise  to  numerous 
rivers,  the  chief  of  which  are  the  Scarpe  and  Lys,  the  Aa, 
and  the  Canche :  these  are  all  navigable  and  connected  by 
canals.  The  department  has  several  harbors,  the  chief  of 
which  are  Calais  and  Boulogne.  Commerce  is  also  facili- 
tated by  many  railway  lines.  The  soil,  rich  in  coal  and 
turf,  is  marshy  in  some  parts,  but  is  generally  fertile  in 
wheat,  hemp,  lint,  tobacco,  and  oleaginous  plants.  Manu- 
facturing industry  is  very  active  in  producing  beet  sugar, 
linen,  thread,  cotton,  lace,  woollens,  paper,  pottery-ware, 
and  leather.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arron- 
dissements  of  Arras  (the  capital),  B6thune,  Boulogne,  Saint- 
Pol,  Montreuil,  and  Saint-Omer.     See  Strait  op  Dover. 

Fasewalk,  p&'z^h-Mlk',  or  Passewalk,  p&s's^h- 
^ilk\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  25  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Stettin,  on  the  Ticker.  Pop.  8538.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  woollen-cloth-  and  leather-factories. 

Pasha,  Pascha,  or  Pacha,  p&'shi,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  government  of  Novgorod,  and  joins  the 
Sveer,  after  a  course  of  130  miles. 

Pa^shan',  a  post-oflSoe  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind. 

Pasig,  pi^seeo',  a  river  of  the  Philippines,  in  the  island 
of  Luzon,  issues  by  several  branches  from  Lake  Bay,  flows 
W.,  and  falls  into  the  bay  immediately  below  the  town  of 
Manila,  after  a  course  of  18  miles. 

Pasig,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  in  the  island  of 
Luzon,  on  the  Pasig,  E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  16,440. 

Pas^an,  or  Pasigan,  pi-se-Hin',  two  of  the  smaller 
Philippine  Islands,  between  the  islands  of  Leyte  and  Zebu. 

Pas'kack,  or  Pas'cack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  &,  New  York  Railroad,  24  miles  N. 
of  Jersey  City.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Paskenta,  pis-kfin'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tehama  co., 
Cal.,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Tehama.     Pop.  of  township,  356. 

Pasman,  p&s-m&n',  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  6  miles  S. 
of  Zara,  in  the  Adriatic.  Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  3i 
miles.     Principal  products,  oil  and  wine. 

Paso  del  Norte,  Mexico.    See  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

Paso  de  Ovejas,p&'so  d&  o-v&'His,  is  on  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  city  of  Mexico,  about  35  miles 
N.W.  of  the  former. 

Paso,  El,  a  village  of  the  Canaries.    See  El  Paso. 

Paso  Robles,  pi'so  ro'blfis,  a  post- village  of  San  Luis 
Obispo  CO.,  Cal.,  200  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has 
hot  springs. 

Paspaya,  pis-pi'l,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  W.  of  Po- 
tosi,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Pilcomayo.    Length,  200  miles. 

Pas^pebiac',  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Perc§.  It 
has  extensive  fisheries,  a  hotel,  2  churches,  and  4  stores. 

Pasqnaro,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Pascuaro.    . 

Pas'qaotank,  a  river  of  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the 
Dismal  Swamp,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  oos    of  Camden  and  Pasquotank,  and  enters 


Albemarle  Sound.    Boats  can  pass  from  this  river  through 
the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal  into  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Pasquotank,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Pasquotank  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Albemarle  Sound.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  com,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk  <fc 
Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Elizabeth  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8131;  in  1880,  10,369;  in  1890,  10,748. 

Pas  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  about  14 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Peoria.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Passa  Cavallo,  Texas.    See  Passo  Caballo. 

Pas^sacon'away,  a  mountain  of  New  Hampshire, 
near  the  boundary  between  Carroll  and  Grafton  oos.  It  is 
the  highest  peak  of  the  Sandwich  group,  and  has  an  alti- 
tude of  4200  feet. 

Pas8aduin'keag,a  post- village  and  township  of  Pen 
obscot  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  Euro 
pean  k  North  American  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  barrels.     Pop.  243. 

Pas'sage,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  6  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Waterford,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Suir.  Pop.  729.  It  is 
built  on  a  rocky  height,  and  has  a  pier  and  a  block -house. 

Passage,  Lb,  a  village  of  France.     See  Le  Passage. 

Passage  Fort,  Jamaica,  is  on  Hunt  Bay,  6  miles  E. 
of  Spanish  Town. 

Passage  Island,  West  Indies.     See  Culebra. 

Passage  (or  Karakita)  Islands,  two  groups  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  one  ofl"  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  near 
lat.  2°  30'  N.,  the  other  between  Celebes  and  Sangir. 

Passage  West,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  7) 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cork,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Lee,  opposite 
Great  Island.  Pop.  2389.  It  has  a  quay,  a  dock-yard,  and 
many  bathing-houses. 

Passa'ic,  a  river  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Morris  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Essex 
CO.  on  the  right  and  Morris  co.  on  the  left.  It  intersects 
Passaic  co.,  and  passes  by  the  city  of  Paterson,  where  it  falls 
70  feet  and  forms  a  cataract  the  vertical  height  of  which 
is  50  feet  or  more.  Below  this  city  it  runs  southward,  and 
enters  Newark  Bay  3  miles  below  Newark.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long.  The  largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  Newark  and 
Paterson.     It  afibrds  abundant  water-power. 

Passaic,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Jersey,  bor- 
ders on  New  York.  Area,  about  200  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Passaic  and  Ramapo  Rivers,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Pequannock  River.  The  Passaic  forms  part 
of  its  E.  boundary.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous. 
The  soil  produces  hay,  Indian  com,  potatoes,  Ac.  The 
prosperity  of  the  county  is  chiefly  derived  from  extensive 
manufactures  of  machinery,  silk  goods,  iron,  and  other  arti- 
cles. Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Morris  Canal,  the  New  York, 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &, 
Western  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  the  New  York  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad. 
Capital,  Paterson.  Pop.  in  1870,  46,416;  in  1880,  68,860; 
in  1890,  105,046. 

Passaic,  a  township  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.     Pop.  1624. 

Passaic,  a  city  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  in  Acquackanonck  town- 
ship, on  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Jersey  City,  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paterson.  It 
contains  a  city  hall,  9  churches,  2  newspaper  ofSces,  2  fine 
school-houses,  2  extensive  print-works,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
bleachery,  a  shoddy-mill,  a  whip-factory,  a  manufactory  of 
blankets,  and  4  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,028. 

Pas^samaquod'dy  Bay  is  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Maine  and  New  Brunswick,  and  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  St.  Croix  River.  It  is  landlocked,  and  aff'ords  good 
harbors.  It  encloses  numerous  islands.  The  tide  here 
rises  about  25  feet. 

Passama'ri  Creek,  or  Stinking  Water,  Mon- 
tana, rises  in  Madison  co.,  and  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction 
through  a  mountainous  country.  About  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Virginia  City  it  unites  with  the  Beaver  Head  River.  Be- 
tween Passamari  Creek  and  the  Madison  River  is  a  long 
range  of  mountains  about  9000  feet  high.  This  creek  is 
nearly  100  miles  long.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

Fassariano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Passeriano. 

Fassarowan,  Fassaroean,  Fassaroewang,  or 
Passarouang.*   See  Passoeroean. 

Fassarowitz,  p4s-sS,'ro-^its\  or  Foscharewatz, 
a  town  of  Servia,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Semendria.     A  famous 


PAS 


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PAT 


1^ 


treaty  ofpeace  was  concluded  here  between  the  Imperialists 
and  the  Turks,  July  21,  1718.     Pop.  7829. 

PassaU)  p4s's6w  (anc.  Bata'va  Cas'tra),  a  fortified 
town  of  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Inn  and  Danube, 
92  miles  E.N.E.  of  Munich.  Pop.  14,752.  It  is  situated 
in  a  picturesque  defile,  and  separated  into  three  parts  by 
the  rivers  which  traverse  it.  The  chief  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  the  church  of  St.  Paul,  and  the  old  abbey  of  St. 
Nicholas.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  porcelain, 
breweries,  and  tanneries.  The  treaty  of  Passau,  concluded 
in  1552,  conferred  religious  liberty  on  the  Protestants. 

Fasschendaele,  Belgium.    See  Paschendaelb. 

Pass  Chris'tian,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Miss., 
is  on  Mississippi  Sound  (a  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico),  and 
on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  58  miles  E.N.E.  of 
New  Orleans,  and  82  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mobile.  Here  is  the 
Pass  Christian  College  (Catholic).     Pop.  in  1890,  1705. 

Pass6,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  MmtiTiBA. 

Fassek,  p&s'slk,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from 
Hochstadt.     Pop.  1516. 

Passek,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  0  miles  from 
Littau.     Pop.  1100. 

Passekeag,  pass-keeg',  a  post-yiUage  in  Kings  co., 
New  Brunswick,  26  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Passenheim,  pis's^n-hime*,  or  Passymek,  pis'se- 
mSk\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hohen- 
stein.     Pop.  1909. 

Passeriano,  pis-E&-re-&'no,  or  Passariano,  pS,s-s&- 
re-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Udine.     Pop.  3025. 

Passewalk,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Pasewalk. 

PassignanO)  pis-seen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Perugia,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of 
the  Lake  of  Perugia.  Near  it  was  fought  the  famous  battle 
of  Thrasymene,  B.C.  217.     Pop.  of  commune,  3176. 

Pass  Island,  an  island  at  the  entrance  to  Hermitage 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  16  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.    P.  160. 

Pass  Manchac,  man'shak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tangipa- 
hoa parish,  La.,  near  Lake  Pontchartrain,  on  the  New  Or- 
leans, St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.W.  of 
New  Orleans.  It  has  manufactures  of  cypress  shingles  and 
Spanish  moss.     Many  fish  are  caught  here. 

Pass  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  lat.  39°  3'  26" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  31'  20"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  11,200  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Passo  Caballo,  p&s'so  k&-b&ryo,  in  Texas,  is  the  en- 
trance to  Matagorda  Bay,  80  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth  of 
the  Brazos. 

Passo  del  Norte,  Mexico.    See  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

Passo  do  liumiar,  p&s'so  do  loo-me-aR',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  on  the  island  and  20  miles  E.  of  Maranhao. 

Passoeroean,  pis^soo-roo-in',  written  also  Passa- 
roean,  Passaroewang,  Passarowan,  Passoo- 
rooan,  Passourouan,  Passnrnan,  Pasaraan,or 
Passarouang,  a  province  in  the  E.  end  of  the  island  of 
Java,  about  68  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  40  miles 
broad.     Pop.  641,731. 

Passoeroean,  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the  above 
province,  on  the  Strait  of  Madura,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Soerabaya,  is  intersected  by  a  river. 

Pass'patan'sy,  a  post-oflSce  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Passump'sic,  a  river  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  falls  into 
the  Connecticut. 

Passumpsic,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  oo.,  Vt.,  in 
Barnet  township,  on  the  Passumpsic  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  a 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  rake-factory. 

Passurnan,  Java.    See  Passoeroean. 

Passy,  pis^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  and  one  of 
the  western  suburbs  of  Paris,  within  the  fortifications,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Denis.  Pop.  17,594.  It  has  an 
earthenware-manufactory  and  a  sugar-refinery. 

Passy,  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Saint-Gervais.     Pop.  1888. 

Passymek,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Passenheim. 

Pastaza,  or  Pasta9a,  p&s-t&'s&,  a  river  of  Ecuador, 
rises  in  the  Andes,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  400  miles, 
joins  the  Amazon  25  miles  W.  of  the  influx  of  the  Huallaga. 

Pastena,  p8,s-t4'nJ,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
Berta,  N.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  2567. 

Pasto,  pis'to,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  in  the  table-land  of 
the  Andes,  department  of  Cauca,  148  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quito. 
Pop.  7000.  It  is  built  at  the  foot  of  a  volcano,  is  8677  feet 
above  the  ocean,  and  is  in  the  line  of  the  great  Pass  from 
Popayan  to  Quito. 

Pasto'ria,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 

Pasto  s,  Los,  South  America.    See  Akdes. 


Pastos-Bons,  p4s'to9-b6N»,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Maranhao,  292  miles  S.S.W.  of  SSo  Luij,  between  the 
Parnahiba  and  Itapicuru  Grande. 

Pastrana,  pis-tri^ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  B.E. 
of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  2308,     It  has  manufactures  of  silks. 

Pasuruan,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Passoeboean. 

Paszto,  p&ss'to,  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Heves,  on 
the  Zagyva,  41  miles  N.E,  of  Pesth.     Pop.  4524. 

Pata,  p6h't6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo,  of  Heres,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Gyongyos.     Pop.  2448. 

Pata,  p&'t&,  an  island  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  6. 
of  Sooloo,  in  lat,  5°  48'  N.,  Ion,  121°  11'  E, 

Pata,  a  town  on  the  N,  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon 

Pata,  an  island  and  town  of  Africa,    See  Patta. 

Patagones,  Argentine  Republic,     See  Carmen, 

Patagonia,  pi-ti-go'ne-a  (Fr,  Patagonie,  pi'ti'go'- 
nee' ;  Ger.  Patagonien,  pi-ti-go'ne-?n),  an  extensive  re- 
gion comprising  the  S.  extremity  of  South  America,  from  lat. 
38°  54'  S.  to  the  Strait  of  Magellan.  Length,  1100  miles. 
The  possession  of  this  territory  was  long  in  dispute  between 
the  Argentine  Republic  and  Chili,  but  by  treaty  of  1881  the 
latter  recognized  the  right  of  the  former  to  all  the  country 
east  of  the  crest  of  the  eastern  ridge  of  the  Andes,  com- 
prising most  of  Patagonia  and  including  the  eastern  coast 
of  Terra  del  Fuego.  The  principal  Chilian  settlement  in 
Patagonia  is  at  Punta  Arenas,  in  the  colony  of  Magellanes ; 
and  the  chief  Argentine  town  is  Chupat.  Patagonia  has 
been  little  explored.  The  W.  coast  is  greatly  indented,  and 
bordered  by  the  Andes,  which  here  rise  generally  to  between 
3000  and  6000  feet.  The  surface  in  the  E.  is  a  series 
of  terraces,  extending  over  700  miles,  composed  of  tertiary 
sandstone,  with  marine  shells,  clay,  earth,  and  gravel,  arid 
and  sterile ;  the  W.  coast  is  subject  to  excessive  rains,  and 
it  is  only  along  the  Rio  Negro,  on  its  N.  border,  that  wheat, 
maize,  and  pulse  are  cultivated.  Gnanacos,  pumas,  foxes, 
and  great  numbers  of  vizcachas  are  the  principal  quadru- 
peds. The  condor,  hawks,  vultures,  American  ostriches, 
and  a  few  others,  are  among  the  more  abundant  birds. 
Fish  are  plentiful  on  the  coasts.  The  Indians  who  are 
thinly  scattered  over  this  region  are  remarkable  for  their 
lofty  stature ;  they  lead  a  wandering  life,  and  subsist  princi- 
pally on  the  flesh  of  wild  quadrupeds,  mushrooms,  and  fish. 
Patagonia  was  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1519.  The  inhab- 
itants of  this  country  are  called  Patagonians,  a  name 
which  they  received  from  Magellan  on  account  of  the  sup- 
posed magnitude  of  their  feet  (patagon,  p&-t&-gon',  in 
Spanish,  signifying  a  "  large  foot"). 

Pataha  (pat'a-haw)  City,  a  post- village  of  Garfield 
CO.,  Washington,  on  Pataha  Creek,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Walla 
Walla.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Patak,  pShHSk'  (Nagt,  nSdj,  Saros,  shSh^rosh',  or 
Rettel,  rfit^tSl'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Bodrog,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  3782. 

Patan,  towns  of  India.    See  PATUNand  Pattun. 

Patanago,  p&-t&-n&'go,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  76  miles  N.  of  Prome.  North  of 
the  town  are  wells  reported  to  yield  annually  80,000,000 
pounds  of  petroleum. 

Patany,  or  Patani,  pA-ti'nee,  the  southernmost  prov 
inoe  of  Siam,  its  principal  town,  of  the  same  name,  being 
on  the  river  Patany,  in  lat.  7°  N.,  Ion.  101°  35'  E.  See 
Cape  Patani. 

Pataps'co,  a  river  of  Maryland,  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  drains  part  of  Carroll  co,,  and  runs  southward 
through  Howard  co.  It  next  runs  southeastward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Howard  and  Anne  Arundel  cos. 
on  the  right  and  Baltimore  oo.  on  the  left,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay  about  13  miles  below  the  city  of  Baltimore. 
It  is  nearly  80  miles  long.  The  part  of  it  below  Baltimore 
is  an  estuary  3  miles  wide,  and  navigable  for  large  ships. 

Patapsco,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  4  Potomac  Kail- 
road,  in  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  10  milee  S.  of  the  initial 
station  in  Baltimore. 

Patapsco,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Pat'ara,  or  Pat'era,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
celebrated  in  antiquity  as  a  seat  of  the  worship  of  Apollo. 
It  is  on  the  coast,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Makree. 

Pataskala,  pa-tas'ka-la,  a  post-village  in  Lima  town- 
ship. Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  i  Ohio  Railroad 
(Central  Ohio  division),  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  568. 

PatanMa,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga. 

Pataula  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southwestward,  inter- 
sects the  COS.  of  Randolph,  Quitman,  and  Clay,  and  entert 
the  Chattahoochee  River  about  9  miles  above  Fort  Gaineo 


PAT 


2120 


PAT 


Patavium,  the  ancient  name  of  Padua, 
Fatay,  piHi',  a  town  of  France^  in  Loiret,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1334.     Here,  in  1429,  Joan  of  Arc 
defeated  the  English  under  Talbot. 

Pataz,  p4-tis',  a  town  of  Peru,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Trujillo,  near  the  Maranon. 

Patch  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Grant  co.,  Wia.,  in 
Patch  Grove  township,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque, 
Iowa.  It  has  an  academy,  a  church,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
177  ;  of  the  township,  855. 

Patch'in,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Santa  Cruz  Mountain,  17  miles  S.  of  Santa  Clara. 

Patchin,  New  York.    See  Boston  Centre. 

Pa«Tching-San.    See  Madjicosima  Islands. 

Patchin's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Wayland  township, 
Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Wayland  Station. 

Patch'iusTille,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bumside  township, 
Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
a  saw-mill. 

Patchogue,  pat-chog',  an  incorporated  village  and 
place  of  resort  in  Brookhaven  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  53 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  5  churches,  numerous  hotels 
and  boarding-houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lace-mill  em- 
ploying 200  bands,  a  lumber-yard  and  planing-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  paper,  carpet- warp,  flour,  ropes,  <fcc.  Large 
quantities  of  fish  and  oysters  are  exported.     Pop.  4000. 

Pate'ley  Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
on  the  Nidd,  parish  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ripon. 

Pat'er,  or  Pem'broke  Dock,  a  suburban  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Pembroke,  on  Milford  Haven,  1  mile  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Pembroke,  opposite  New  Milford.  A  government 
dock-yard  here  covers  60  acres.  It  has  an  arsenal,  and  is 
protected  by  a  fort  and  jetty.  The  town  is  neatly  built, 
IS  lighted  with  gas,  has  a  large  market-house,  and  carries 
on  a  thriving  trade.     Pop.  9622. 

Patera,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Patara. 

Patema,  p&-tdR'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1505. 

Patema,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  3  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Valencia,  on  the  Guadalaviar.     Pop.  2361. 

Paterna  de  la  Ribiera,  p&-t£R'n&  d&  1&  re-Be-&'r&, 
•  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  E.  of  Cadiz. 

Paterna  del  Campo,  p&-t£R'n&  dSl  k&m'po,  &  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  1770. 

Paternsc,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pernes. 

Paterno,  pi-tflE'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2420. 

Pateruo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  5  miles  S.  of 
Cosenza.     Pop.  2769. 

Paterno  (anc.  Hyb'la  Ma'jor),  a  city  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Catania,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna.  Pop. 
15,178.  It  has  hot  chalybeate  springs,  and  a  trade  in  wine, 
oil,  flax,  heiup,  and  timber. 

Paternos'ters,  Great  and  Little,  two  dangerous 
rocks  in  the  Channel,  between  Cape  Carteret,  on  the  coast 
of  France,  and  the  island  of  Jersey.     See  Balabalagan. 

Paternum,  the  ancient  name  of  Cariati. 

Paternum,  the  ancient  name  of  Pietro-a-Patierno. 

Patterson,  a  city  of  New  Jersey,  the  capital  of  Passaic 
00.,  and  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population  and  manu- 
factures, is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Passaic  River, 
12  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  New  York. 
It  is  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Susquehanna 
&  Western  Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  the  Paterson,  Jersey  City  <fc  Hoboken  Electric 
Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  several  towns  by  numerous 
electric  lines,  whose  connections  pass  through  many  of  its 
principal  streets.  It  is  also  connected  with  the  Delaware  and 
Hudson  Rivera  by  the  Morris  Canal.  The  Passaic  River  here 
descends  70  feet  in  one  perpendicular  fall,  and  afibrds  im- 
mense water-power,  which  is  utilized  in  numerous  factories. 
The  streets  are  lighted  by  electricity.  Paterson  contains 
60  churches,  a  free  public  library,  a  high  school,  3  national 
banks,  3  savings-banks,  3  hotels,  2  large  public  parks,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  5  daily  and  5  weekly  news- 
papers. Thirteen  bridges  here  cross  the  river,  which,  be- 
low the  picturesque  cataract  called  Passaic  Falls,  flows 
between  vertical  palisades  of  basalt.  The  manufactures  of 
Paterson  are  very  extensive  and  various.  It  has  6  cotton- 
mills,  several  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  about  80 
silk-factories,  2  manufactories  of  locomotives,  a  manufac- 
tory of  linen  goods,  several  woollen- factories,  bleaching  and 
dyeing  establishments,  and  manufactories  of  velvet,  carpets, 
jute,  engines,  and  boilers.  The  silk-factories  of  Paterson 
employ  about  15,000  persons,  and  are  the  largest  in  the 
United  States.     The  value  of  the  silk  goods  produced  here 


in  one  year  sometimes  amounts  to  $4,000,000.  The  value 
of  all  the  products  manufactured  in  Passaic  co.  (nearly  all 
in  Paterson)  reaches  $30,000,000.  The  capital  invested  in 
ihese  manufactories  is  about  $20,000,000.  Pop.  in  1880, 
51,031 ;  in  1890,  78,347 ;  in  1894  (estimated),  105,000. 

Pat'erson,  or  Yim^mang',  a  river  of  Australia,  in 
New  South  Wales,  co.  of  Durham,  joins  the  Hunter  River 
about  20  miles  from  the  sea.  Its  chief  affluent  is  the  AI- 
lya  River. 

Paterson,  or  Margaret'ta,  a  group  of  islands  in 
Mulgrave  Archipelago.     Lat.  8°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  167°  42'  E. 

Paterson,  Cape,  in  Australia,  is  a  headland  about 
midway  between  Port  Phillip  and  Wilson's  Promontory. 

Pates,  pats,  a  post- village  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  79  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilming- 
ton. It  is  on  or  near  Lumber  River.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  turpentine-distilleries. 

Patesville,  pats'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  cu^ 
Ky.,  9  miles  S.  of  Hawesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pateville,  a  post-office  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga. 

Pathardi,  pa-t&r'dee,  a  town  of  India,  Ahmednuggur 
district.     Pop.  7117. 

Path-Head,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  forming 
the  E.  suburb  of  Kirkcaldy.  It  has  a  handsome  church, 
endowed  and  other  schools,  and  thriving  manufactures  of 
ticks  and  checks.     Pop.  2495. 

Patia,  pi'te-i,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  near  Ponayan,  flows  S.W.  and  N.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Pacific  by  several  mouths.     Length,  200  miles. 

Patiala,  India.    See  Pctteeala. 

Patigorsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Piatigorsk. 

Pativiica,  p4-te-veel'ki,  a  village  of  Peru,  depart- 
ment of  Lima,  on  the  Pacific,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Huaoho. 

Pa^itan,  p&t-ye-t&n'  or  p&t-je-t&n',  a  village  of  Java, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  and  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name. 
Patjitan  Bay  is  roomy,  and  open  to  the  S.  Behind  its  E. 
point  is  Pollux  Bay,  which  is  well  sheltered  from  the  S.  wind. 

Pat'mos,  Patmo,  p&t'mo,  or  San  Giovanni  di 
Patino,  sin  jo-v&n'nee  de  p&-tee'no,  an  island  oflfthe  W. 
coast  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  S.  of  Samos.  Lat.  37°  17' 
N. ;  Ion.  26°  35'  E.  Pop.  4000,  all  Greeks,  and  mostly  sea- 
faring people.  It  is  a  bare,  irregularly  shaped  mass  of 
rock,  28  miles  in  circumference,  and  having  on  its  E.  side 
a  deep  indentation,  which  forms  a  secure  harbor.  The 
principal  town  takes  the  name  of  Patmos,  and  is  some- 
times also  called  St.  John.  It  stands  on  the  edge  of  a 
mountain,  consists  of  about  200  houses,  and  is  reached  by  a 
steep  and  rugged  ascent.  On  a  height  above  the  town 
stands  a  large  convent,  resembling  a  fortress,  being  sur- 
mounted by  several  irregular  towers.  In  a  grotto  belong- 
ing to  the  convent  is  the  supposed  abode  where  the  Apostle 
John,  who  had  been  banished  by  Domitian  to  the  island, 
A.D.  94,  saw  the  visions  recorded  in  the  book  of  Revelation. 

Pat'mos,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goshen  township,  Ma- 
honing CO.,  0.,  6  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  carriage- 
shop  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pat'na  (anc.  Palihoth'ra  and  Pataliputra,  called  by 
the  natives  Az^'imahad'),  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  Bahar, 
and  of  the  Patna  district  and  division,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Ganges,  and  on  the  East  Indian  Railway,  285  miles 
N.W.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  9  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.,  and 
extends  2  miles  back  from  the  river ;  but  with  the  adjacent 
town  of  Dinapoor  and  other  suburbs  its  extent  is  much 
greater.  The  city  proper  has  a  dilapidated  wall,  and  is  of 
small  extent,  but  is  densely  peopled,  and  traversed  by 
streets  mostly  narrow,  mean,  and  crooked.  There  are  few 
good  buildings,  except  in  Bankipoor,  the  European  suburb 
The  most  remarkable  building  is  the  Gola,  a  great  publi* 
granary.  Patna  has  fine  churches,  temples,  and  mosques, 
a  government  college,  factories  for  opium,  rose-attar,  lime, 
metal-wares,  soap,  table-cloths,  Ac,  but  it  is  chiefly  noted 
for  its  extensive  export  and  import  trade.  Its  great  staples 
are  oils,  oil-seeds,  grain,  opium,  nitre,  and  manufactured 
goods,  native  and  European.     Pop.  (1891)  167,510. 

Patna,  a  district  of  Bengal,  province  of  Bahar.  Lat. 
24°  58'-25°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  44'-86°  5'  E.  Area,  2101 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.N.E.  by  the  Granges,  and  AV. 
by  the  Sone.  It  is  very  fertile,  and,  except  in  the  S.,  is 
extremely  flat.  Capital,  Patna.  Pop.  1,559,638.  Patna 
division  includes  7  districts  of  the  province  of  Bahar.  Area, 
23,732  square  miles.     Pop.  13,122,743. 

Patna,  a  native  state  of  the  Central  Provinces,  India, 
now  under  British  administration.  Area,  2399  square  miles. 
Pop.  98,636.     Lat.  of  centre,  20°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  15'  E. 

Pat'na,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Ayr.     Pop.  766.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Patniak,  p4t^ne-&k',  a  town  in  the  khanat  and  &• 


i 


PAT 


2121 


PAT 


miles  E.S.E.  of  Ehiva,  near  the  left  bank  of  Hm  Amoo- 
Darya.     It  consists  of  about  100  houses. 

Patodi,  pi-to'dee,  a  petty  state  of  India,  on  the  Sirhind 
Plain.     Area,  50  square  miles.     Pop.  20,990. 

Pato'ka,  a  post- village  in  Patoka  township,  Marion 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  lb  milee  S.  of 
Yandalia,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Centralia.  It  baa  3  ofaorchee, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  wagon-shope.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1294. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo^  Ind.    Pop.  1263. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Dubois  oo.,  Ind-  Pop.  3086. 
It  contains  Holland  and  Huntingburg. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  GibM>n  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4397. 
It  contains  Princeton. 

Patoka,  a  post-Tillage  in  White  Rirer  township,  Gib- 
son CO.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka  Creek,  and  on  the  Eransrille  k  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  30i  miles  N.  of  Eransrille,  and  4  miles  N. 
of  Princeton.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  several  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-milL     Pop.  344. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1760.  It 
contains  Winslow. 

Patoka  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Orange  eo.,  runs 
westward  through  the  cos.  of  Dubois,  Pike,  and  Oibson, 
and  enters  the  Wabash  River  nearly  opposite  Mount  Car- 
mel,  and  1  or  2  nfiles  below  the  mouth  of  the  White  River. 
It  is  130  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  during  high  water. 

Pat'on,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Wabash  co.,  BL, 
en  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  Yincennes  Bail- 
road,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Yincennes,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Paton,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dee 
Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Grand  Jono- 
iion. 

Pato'na,  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma, 
Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  11^  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Patones,  pi-to'nSs,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Boria,  78  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1234. 

Patoor,  or  Patur,  p&-toor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  30  mUes  S.E.  of  Akola.     Pop.  6011. 

Patos,  Lake,  Brasil.    See  IiAeo  m  u»  Patos. 

Patras,  pi-tr&s',  Patrasso,  pi-tris'so,  or  Balia- 
barda,  b4-le-&-bar'd&  (anc  Patrie),  a  forUfied  seaport 
town  of  Greece,  and  a  principal  seat  of  its  foreign  trade, 
in  the  Morea,  capital  of  Achaia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Patras.  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Lepanto.  Lat.  38®  14'  N.:  Ion.  21°  44'  E. 
Pop.  28,000.  The  ancient  Patrx  stood  on  the  declivity  of 
Mount  Yoidhia.  The  modem  town  occupies  a  portion  of 
the  low  and  unhealthy  plain  between  that  hill  and  the  sea. 
It  is  regularly  built,  but  the  houses  are  mostly  only  one 
Btory  in  height,  on  account  of  the  firequenoy  of  earthquakes. 
One  of  its  churches  is  traditionally  connected  with  the 
martyrdom  of  St.  Andrew,  and  is  greatly  resorted  to  by 
devotees.     The  principal  trade  is  in  currants. 

Patree,  or  Patri,  pl^tree',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  48  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  6320. 

Patria,  p&-tree'&  (anc  Liter'na  Pa'lut),  a  lake  of  Italy, 
13  miles  N.  W.  of  Naples.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  an- 
cient Litema,  and  the  tomb  of  Scipio  African  us. 

Patricia,  an  ancient  name  of  CosnovA. 

Pat'rick,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Yirginia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  521  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Dan  and  Mayo  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surfiuje  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Danville  k  Western  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Stuart,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1S70,  10,161;  in  ISSO, 
12.833:  in  1S90,  14,147. 

Patrick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ark.,  about  32 
mile»  southwest  of  Huntsville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Patricksburg,  Owen  co.,  Ind.  ,See  Lahcastbr. 

Patrick  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patriok  co.,  Ya., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  mineral  springs, 
a  hotel,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Pat'ricroft,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  5 
miles  W.  of  Manchester.  There  is  here  an  extensive  manu- 
factory of  steam-engines,  also  a  silk-mill  which  employs 
about  1000  hands,  a  quilt-manufactory,  a  spinning-  and 
weaving.factory,  and  a  great  foundry. 

Pat'riugton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  Bast 
Riding,  on  a  creek  of  the  Humber,  14  miles  S.S.S.  of  Hull. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1571. 

Patriot,  p&'tre-9t,  a  post-village  in  Posey  township, 
Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  on  tne  Ohio  River,  20  miles  below 
Aurora,  and  about  26  miles  by  land  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  X  or  3  churches,  a  money -order  post-office^  and  manu- 
&o<ares  of  flour  and  whisky.  Pop.  about  400. 
134 


Patriot,  a  post-offiee  of  Oeeator  eo.,  Iow%  1«  ailsB  IT. 

of  Leon. 

Patriot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  eo.,  0.,  abo«t  10  bDcs 
W.S.W.  of  GaUipoUs.    It  has  a  church  and  2  itoMs. 

Patrocinio,  pi-tro-see'ne-o,  a  town  of  Branl,  state 
of  Minas-Geraes,  SO  miles  N.  of  Araxas. 

Patrocinio  (or  Br'er's)  Islaad  is  la  tka  Nortk 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  28°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  175"  4«  B. 

Pa'tron,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Batler  eo.,  Hsb.,  IS  oulss 
S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  ohnrohes. 

Pa'tronville,  a  poei-offiea  of  Spsoesr  ao.,  lad.,  6  miles 
from  Rockport. 

PaHroon',  a  poet-hamlet  of  Shelby  eo.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  La.     It  has  3  churches. 

Patsal'iga,  a  small  river  of 
westward  through  Pike  and  Crenshaw 
Conecuh  Biver  in  Covington  co. 

Patsaliga,  also  called  Parchel'aga,  a  oreak  of 
Georgia,  flows  into  the  Flint  River  from  the  right,  aboot  U 
miles  N.  of  Lanier. 

Patschkan,  piteh'kSw,  a  town  of  Ptiissian  Silesia,  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Nmm.  Pop.  M61.  It  is 
aidosed  by  walls,  and  has  maaafaeteies  of  weoUasM. 

Pat's  Store,  a  poet-ofBee  of  RasseO  eo,,  Ta. 

Patsnn,  a  town  of  Central  America.    See  PATZum. 

Fatta,  pit'tl,  or  Pata,  pi'tl,  a  seaport  town  of  Bast 
Africa,  in  the  Zanzibar  dominions,  on  an  island  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Patta.  Lat.  2°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  40°  50'  B-  It  was 
held  by  the  Portuguese  during  most  part  of  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries. 

Pattada,  pAt-ti'di,  a  village  oa  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  3499. 

PatHagnm'pns,  a  post-ofllce  and  plantation  of  Psn- 
obecot  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Penobscot  Biver,  about  60  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  94. 

Pattalene,or  Patalene,Asia.    SeeSncm. 

Pat'ten,  a  poet-village  in  Patten  township,  Peoobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  33  miles  WJS.W.  of  Houlton,  and  90  miles 
N.  by  £.  of  Bangor.  It  has  3  churches^  aa  aeademy,  and 
several  mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  70^ 

Pat'tenbarg,  a  poet-hamlet  in  Unioa  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  NJ^.,  OS  tne  Lehigh  Yalley  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Phillipeburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pattensen,  pit't^n-sdn',  a  town  of  Germany,  7  miles 
S.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  15SS. 

Pat'ten's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  0. 

Patten's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Sandy  Hill,  and  about  50  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Pat'tensTille,  a  hamlet  of  Jaoksoa  oo.,  0.,  in  Bloosa- 
field  township,  8  miles  B.  of  Jaokaon.    Pop.  50. 

Patterdale,  a  village  and  township  of  Bnglaad,  ia 
Westmoreland,  at  the  S.  end  of  TTllswater  Lake,  10  mUes 
N.  of  Ambleside.     It  is  a  &vorite  resort  of  tourists. 

Pat'terson,  or  Cher'okee,  a  post-village  of  Nevada 
CO.,  Cal.,  near  the  Middle  Tuba  Biver,  12  miles  N.  of  Ne- 
vada City.  Gold  is  found  here.  It  has  a  church.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Patterson. 

Patterson,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Ga.,  oa  the  At 
lantic  <fc  Gulf  BailriMMl,  78  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Patterson,  a  station  in  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
railroad  between  Burlington  and  Fort  Madisoa,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Burlington. 

Patterson,  a  post- village  in  Crawford  township,  Madi- 
son CO.,  Iowa,  on  Middle  River,  and  on  the  ladiaaola  4 
Winterset  Branch  Bailroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moiaw. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Patterson,  a  poet-village  of  Wayne  co..  Mo,  aboot 
115  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  about  130. 

Patterson,  New  Jersey.    See  Patibsor. 

Patterson,  a  station  in  Bssex  oo.,  N.T.,  oa  tbe  New 
York  it,  Canada  Bailroad,  S  miles  S.  of  Fort  TieoaderoA. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  ia  Patterson  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Croton  JUver,  and  oa  the  New  York  k 
Harlem  Railroad,  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.  It  eoa- 
tains  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1536. 

Patterson,  a  post- village  and  towiulup  of  Caldwell  co,, 
N.C.,  20  miles  N.  of  leard  Station.  It  has  2  churches  aad 
a  cotton-fectory.     Pop.  789. 

Patterson,  a  township  of  Oraage  CO.,  N.C     Pop.  lOW. 

Patterson,  a  township  of  Darke  oo.,  0.     Pop.  978. 

Patterson,  a  post- village  in  Ja«ksi»  township,  Hardia 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  k  develand  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kenton,  and  li  miles  S.  of  Focest, 
which  is  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  k  Chieago  Bailroad. 
It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  dmg-store. 


IL 


PAT 


2122 


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Patterson,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  74. 

Patterson,  a  post-borough  in  Milford  township,  Juni- 
ata CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  opposite  Mimintown, 
and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (at  Mifflin  Station),  49 
miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  ware- 
house for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  826. 

Patterson,  a  village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  If 
miles  from  Richmond  Hill.  It  contains  an  agricultural- 
implement  factory.     Pop.  500. 

Patterson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  E.  of  Williamsburg. 

Patterson's,  a  station  on  the  Cumberland  &  Piedmont 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Patterson's,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.O.  P.  717. 

Patterson's  Bluff,  a  post- village  of  Logan  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  about  48  miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
Tt  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Patterson's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Patterson's  Creek,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Grant  co., 
runs  northeastward  through  Mineral  co.,  and  enters  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River  about  8  miles  S.E.  of 
the  city  of  Cumberland.     Coal  is  found  near  this  creek. 

Patterson's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  store. 

Patterson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 
Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Patterson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Patterson's  Mills,  post-office,  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Patterson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Pa.,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Patterson's  Store,  post-office,  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Pat'tersonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lincoln  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Sheldon.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Pattersonville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  parish. 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Teche,  8  miles  W.  of  Morgan 
City,  and  88  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a 
Bteamboat-landing,  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.     Pop.  500. 

Pattersonville,  a  hamlet  of  Tishemingo  oo.,  Miss., 
26  miles  from  luka.     It  has  a  church. 

Pattersonville,  a  post-office  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 

Patti,  plt'tee,  a  city  of  Sicily,  on  a  height,  near  the 
Gulf  of  Patti,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  17  miles  S.W. 
of  Milazzo.  Pop.  8191.  It  is  enclosed  by  dilapidated 
walls,  and  has  a  Norman  castle,  now  the  residence  of  its 
bishop,  a  cathedral,  a  manufactory  of  earthenware,  and 
profitable  fisheries. 

Pattialah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Putteeala. 

Pattie's  (pat'tiz)  Gap,  post-office,  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Pat'tison,  a  station  in  Austin  co.,  Tex,,  on  the  Texas 
Western  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Pat'ton,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  111.  Pop.  2726.  It 
contains  Paxton. 

Patton,  Wabash  co..  111.     See  Paton. 

Patton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  about  90 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Patton,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1193. 

Patton,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  721. 

Pat'ton's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Brookville. 

Pat'tonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  is 
near  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Chillicothe  &  Omaha  Branch 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Pattonsburg,  a  village  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  opposite  Buchanan,  and  about  45  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  an  academy,  3  stores,  and 
a  mill.     In  the  vicinity  there  are  5  churches. 

Patton's  Home,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Pat'tonsville,  a  post-village  in  South  Woodberry 
township,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Pattonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.-,  Va.,  48  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Pat'tonville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Pattonville,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex. 

Patnm,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Patt. 

T-aHun',  or  Patan,  pi-tun',  a  town  of  India,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  4433. 

Patnn,  or  Julra  Patun,  jfil'r&  pi-tiin',  a  town  of 
India,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Kotah.  Lat.  24°  32'  N. :  Ion.  76° 
W  B 


Patnn,  a  village  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  11  milM 
N.N.E.  of  Kotah,  on  the  Chumbul. 

Patun,  a  village  of  Nepaul,  3  miles  S.  of  Khatmandoo 

Paturages,  p^Hii'rizh',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mons.  Pop.  8500.  It  has  steam- 
engine  factories,  and  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Patux'ent,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.^ 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  and  Annapolis  &  Eljc  Ridge 
Railroads,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Patnxent  River,  Maryland,  rises  near  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity  of  Howard  co.,  and  runs  first  southeastward,  form- 
ing the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Montgomery,  Prince 
George's,  and  St.  Mary's  on  the  right,  and  Anne  Arundel 
and  Calvert  on  the  left.  In  the  last  half  of  its  course  it 
runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Calvert  co.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  120 
miles.     Sloops  can  ascend  it  about  45  miles. 

Patycos,  Patycus,  ancient  names  of  Paola. 

Patzau,  pit'sSw,  or  Paczow,  pitch'ov,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2920. 

Patzizia,  p&t-see'se-&,  a  town  of  Guatemala.     P.  8000. 

Patzquaro,  Mexico.     See  Pascuaro. 

Patzum,  p&t-soom',  or  Patsun,  p&t-soon',  a  town  of 
Guatemala,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala. 
Pop.  5400. 

Pan,  p5  (anc.  Patumf),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of 
the  department  of  Basses-Pyr^n^es,  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ba- 
yonne,  on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  over  which  is  a  bridge  of  7 
arches,  remarkable  for  its  great  elevation.  Pop.  27,553. 
It  has  an  acadimie,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  lycie,  or 
national  college,  a  library  of  25,000  volumes,  manufac- 
tures of  linens,  cutlery,  and  carpets,  and  trade  in  hamt 
and  Juran^on  wine.  Pan  was  the  capital  of  the  old 
province  of  B^arn.  Henry  IV.  was  born  in  its  ancient 
royal  castle.  It  is  also  the  birthplace  of  Gaston  de  Foix, 
and  of  General  Bernadotte,  afterwards  King  of  Sweden. 
Pau  is  picturesquely  and  beautifully  situated,  and  has  ex- 
cellent promenades.  It  is  a  favorite  place  of  residence  for 
English  families.     See  also  Gave  de  Pau. 

Pancartambo,  p5w-kaR-t&m'bo,  called  also  Yam* 
biri,  yftm-be-ree',  a  river  of  Peru,  after  a  N.N.W.  course 
of  nearly  300  miles,  joins  the  Apurimac  from  the  right. 
Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Vilcabamba. 

Pancartambo,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Cuzco^ 
in  a  valley  enclosed  by  the  Andes,  on  the  river  Paucartambo, 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cuzco. 

Panillac,  po^eePyik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  Gironde,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2044. 

Pauk-Pettem,  Punjab.    See  Pak-Pattan. 

Paul,  pawl,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa. 

Paula,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Paola. 

Paul  de  Loanda,  Saint,  Africa.    See  Loanda. 

Panlding,  pawl'ding,  a  northwestern  county  of  Geor- 
gia. Area,  340  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  sources 
of  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  an  affluent  of  the  Etowah 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills  or  ridges 
and  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staples. 
Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Dallas.    Pop.  in  1870,  7639;  in  1880. 10,887  j  in  1890, 11,948. 

Paulding,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  border- 
ing on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  414  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Auglaize  and  Maumee  Riven,  and 
partly  drained  by  Crooked  Creek.  It  comprises  part  of  the 
Black  Swamp.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the  beech,  elm,  white 
ash,  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  hickory  abound.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  live-stock  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Miami 
Canal,  the  Wabash  &,  Erie  Canal,  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Jackson  <t  Mackinaw  Railroad.  Capital,  Paulding. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8544;  in  1880,  13,485;  in  1890,  25,932. 

Panlding,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  co..  Miss., 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Meridian.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  262. 

Paulding,  a  station  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
Salem  Branch,  10 J  miles  E.  of  Salem,  N.J. 

Panlding,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  0., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  Crooked  Creek,  and  on 
the  Paulding  &  Cecil  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lima.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1879. 

Paulghautcherry,  a  town  of  India.     See  Palghaut, 

Paulhaguet,  pori^gi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Brioude.     Pop.  1467. 


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Pauli    liatino,  pSw'lee  I&-tee'no,  or  PaalelattB) 

pSw-li-14t'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sardinia.     Pop.  2705. 

Paulina,  paw-li'na,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J., 
on  Paulinskill  River,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Newton. 

Pauline,  paw-leen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawnee  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <t  Santa  F6  Railroad,  6i 
miles  S.  of  Topeka 

PauMinskill',  a  small  river  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in 
Sussex  CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Warren  co.,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  River  about  4  miles  below  the  Water 
Gap.     It  is  sometimes  called  Paulin's  River. 

Pauli  Pirri,  pSw'lee  pir'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sar- 
dinia, division  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  of  commune,  2715. 

Paulitza,  p5w-lit's4  (anc.  Phigalia,  afterwards  Phi- 
alia),  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  district  of  Messenia, 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  N.E.  of  K3rparissia. 

PauIIo,  pSw'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  of  commune,  1717. 

Paul's,  pawlz,  a  station  in  Stark  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Tus- 
carawas Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Canal  Fulton. 

Paulsborough,  pawlz'bQr-riih,  a  post-village  of 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  Mantua 
Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Camden,  and  1  mile  from  the  Delaware  River.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  Ac. 

Paul's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-oflSce  of  Essex  oo.,  Va. 

Paul's  Valley,  a  post-ofiBce  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

Panlton,  pawl't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  about  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  fire-brick  works. 

Pauiville,  Adair  co.,  Mo.     See  Brashear. 

Paum^ben',Paum^bun',orPaum^baum',atown 
of  India,  district  of  Madura,  on  the  W.  end  of  the  island 
of  Ramisseram,  and  on  Paumben  Pass.  It  has  a  light-house 
and  active  commerce.     Pop.  2500. 

Paumben  Pass  or  Channel,  a  strait,  li  miles 
across,  separating  the  island  of  Ramisseram  from  the  main- 
land of  India,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin. 

Panmotu,  a  native  name  for  the  Low  Archipelago. 

Panni,  a  town  of  India.     See  Pownee. 

Paunwelly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Panwell. 

Paupac,  paw'pak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  S.  of  Honesdale. 

Paupack,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  642. 

Pausa,  pow'si,  a  town  of  Saxony,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  3898, 

Pausa,  pow'si,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  Arequipa,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Parinacochas. 

Pausilypnin,  the  ancient  name  of  Posilippo. 

Pautnck,  paw-tuk',  a  hamlet  of  Southampton  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  Moriches  Bay,  and  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Riverhead. 

Paute,  p5w'ti,  a  river  of  South  America,  rises  in  the 
S.W.  of  Ecuador,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Amazon  on  the 
left,  after  a  course  of  about  170  miles. 

Pauwaicun  Lake,  Wisconsin.    See  Poygan  Lake. 

Pavia,  pi-vee'4  (anc.  Tici'num,  afterwards  Papia),  a 
city  of  Nortnern  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Pavia,  is 
situated  19  miles  S.  of  Milan,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ticino.  Lat.  45°  11' N.;  Ion.  9°  10' E.  Pop.  28,122.  It 
is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  has  numerous  public  edifices, 
the  chief  of  which  are  its  old  castle,  the  ancient  residence  of 
the  Lombard  kings,  and  the  celebrated  university,  founded 
by  Charlemagne  at  the  end  of  the  eighth  century,  with  a 
library  of  175,000  volumes  and  a  botanic  garden.  Pavia 
has  a  theatre,  numerous  charitable  institutions,  a  chamber 
of  commerce,  and  a  trade  in  silk,  rice,  wine,  and  Parmesan 
cheese.  It  has  long  been  in  a  state  of  decay.  In  1525, 
Francis  I.,  King  of  France,  was  conquered  and  made  pris- 
oner by  the  Imperialists  near  Pavia.  It  was  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  in  1745,  and  by  the  French  in  1796.  Pavia  has 
given  birth  to  many  distinguished  men,  among  whom  are 

Pope  John  XIV.  and  Lanfranc. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pavian, 

pi-vee'an. 

Pavia,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  watered  by 
the  Po,  the  Ticino,  and  other  streams.  Area,  1292  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  level  and  fertile.  Silk,  cheese,  and 
cattle  are  leading  products.    Capital,  Pavia.    Pop.  448,436. 

Pavia,  pa'vi-a,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  S.  by  W.'of  Altoona. 

Pavilion,  pa-vil'ynn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kendall  oo., 
111.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  Fox  River,  and  on  or  near  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  <fc  Quinoy  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church. 

Pavilion,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  oo.,  Kansas,  7 
miles  S.  of  Wamego. 


Pavilion,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revere  Beaeh  k 
Lynn  Railroad,  4}  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  Mus. 

Pavilion,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Kalamaxoo 
00.,  Mich.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Kalamasoo. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &,  Lake  Huron  Railroad. 
The  hamlet  is  1  mile  from  Indian  Lake  Station.  Pop.  1127. 

Pavilion,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.T.,  in  Pa> 
vilion  township,  on  the  Rochester  k  State  Line  Railroad, 
33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  6  churches,  a  broom- 
factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1634. 

Pavilion  Centre,  a  post-office  in  Parilion  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester  k  State  Line  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

Pavillonis,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pabillonu. 

Pavilly,  plVee'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- Inf6- 
rieure,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.  Pop.  2059. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  paper,  and  cotton  goods. 

Pavlograd,  p4v^lo-gr4d',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Dnieper.    Pop.  11,391. 

PavUov',  PauuoTzk',  PawMow',  or  PavMov'- 
skoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  38  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Moscow.     Pop.  4465. 

Pavlovsk,  p4v*  lovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Neva.  Pop.  2993.  It  has  an  imperial  palace,  a  citadel, 
barracks,  large  almshouses,  and  military  and  civil  hospitals. 

Pavlovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  90  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Don.  Pop.  7183.  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  citadel,  and  has  an  active  trade. 

Pavone,  p4-vo'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Brescia,  4  miles  S.  of  Leno,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  1396. 

Pavone,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  S.  of  Ivrea. 

Pavonia,  pa-vo'ne-a,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
in  Stockton  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  1  mile  above 
Camden.     Here  are  the  Camden  City  Water- Works. 

Paw,  a  Feejee  island.    See  Paoo. 

Paw'catuck,  a  village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Pawcatuck  River,  opposite  Westerly,  R.I.,  15  miles  B. 
by  N.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  national  bank  and  some 
manufactures. 

Pawcatuck  River,  Rhode  Island,  is  formed  by  th« 
Charles  and  Wood  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Washington  co. 
It  finally  runs  southward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island,  and  enters  the  sea  at 
the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  latter. 

Paw  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mecklenburg  oo., 
N.C.  It  has  several  gold-mines,  flour-mills,  and  saw-mills, 
also  5  churches.  Pop.  1591.  Paw  Creek  Post-Offioe  is  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 

Paweea,  p4-wee'a,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  route 
from  the  coast  to  Dahomey.  It  is  a  collection  of  huts,  en- 
closed by  a  thick  wall.     Estimated  pop.  16,000. 

Paw'hus'ka,  or  O'sage' Agency,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Indian  Territory,  60  miles  from  Coffey ville,  Kansas.  Here 
is  a  boarding-school. 

Paw'let,  a  post-village  in  Pawlet  township,  Rutland 
00.,  Vt.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  24  miles 
(30  miles  by  rail)  S.S.W.  of  Rutland,  and  6  miles  E.  of 
Pawlet  Station,  which  is  at  West  Pawlet.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  knit  goods,  cheese-boxes,  and  fork- 
handles.  The  township  contains  the  village  of  West  Paw- 
let  or  Pawlet  Station,  and  a  pop.  of  1605. 

Pawlet  River  rises  in  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,runs  north- 
westward through  Rutland  co.  into  the  state  of  New  York, 
and  enters  Lake  Champlain  at  Whitehall. 

Paw'ling,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Paw- 
ling township,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  65 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York,  and  about  24  miles  B.  by  S. 
of  Newburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  the  Pawling  Institute,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pon. 
in  1890,  630 ;  of  the  township,  1949.  A  quarry  of  marble 
has  been  opened  in  the  township. 

Pawling,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(Lewistown  division),  4  miles  W.  of  Selin's  Grove,  Pa. 

Pawling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  at  Perki- 
omen  Junction,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Phcenixyille.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Paw'nee',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Kan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Arkansas  River,  which  here  runs  northeast- 
ward, and  it  is  partly  drained  by  the  Pawnee  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison, 
topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Larned.  Pop.  i> 
1870,  179;  in  1877,  3254;  in  1880,  6396:  in  1890,  5204. 


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Pawnee,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Xebraska,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles,  nearly 
all  arable  land.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Nemaha  River 
and  the  South  Fork  of  the  same,  and  also  drained  by  Tur- 
key Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
maize,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  abundance  of  limestone,  a  good  material  for 
building.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Pawnee  City.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4171;  in  1880,  6920;  in  1890,  10,340. 

Pawnee,  a  post-village  in  Pawnee  township,  Sangamon 
CO.,  111.,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  diurch 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  250 ;  of  the  township,  1293. 

Pawnee,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
715.     It  contains  Pawnee  Station  and  Hiattville. 

Pawnee,  a  township  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas.     P.  226. 

Pawnee,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.    P.  223. 

Pawnee,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  610. 
Post-oflSces,  Cora  and  Oriole. 

Pawnee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on  Black 
River,  4i  miles  N.  of  West  Salem. 

Pawnee  Agency,  a  post-ofl&ce  of  Indian  Territory, 
110  miles  from  Cofi'eyville,  Kansas. 

Pawnee  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pawnee  co.. 
Neb.,  on  Turkey  Creek,  about  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln, 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Tecumseh.  It  has  4  churches,  2  news- 
paper oflSces,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  <fcc.     Pop.  (1890)  1550. 

Pawnee  Creek,  Colorado,  runs  southeastward  in 
Weld  CO.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River  about 
lat.  40°  35'  N.     Length,  about  70  miles. 

Pawnee  Fork  of  the  Arkansas  rises  in  the  W.  part 
of  Kansas,  runs  eastward,  drains  parts  of  Hodgeman  and 
Ness  COS.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Pawnee  co. 

Pawnee  Loup  Fork,  Nebraska.    See  Loup  Fork. 

PaAvnee  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Arkansas,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  k  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Lamed.     It  has  a  church. 

Pawnee  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Pawnee  Valley,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Hodgeman  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  North  Fork  of  Pawnee  River,  30  miles  N.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Paw  Paw,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  III.     Pop.  978. 

Paw  Paw,  Lee  co..  111.    See  Paw  Paw  Grove. 

PaAV  Paw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel 
River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Eel  River  Railroad,  24i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
634.     Paw  Paw  Post-Office  is  8  miles  N.  of  Howard. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  in  Paw  Paw  township,  and  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  22  miles  S.  of 
Allegan.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  railroad,  4  miles  long, 
which  connects  at  Lawton  with  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road. It  has  water-power,  and  contains  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  3  or  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  fiour- 
ing-mills,  and  7  churches.     Pop.  1428 ;  of  township,  2752. 

Paw  Paw,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4^  miles  W.  of  Quinnimont. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cumber- 
land, Md.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Paw  Paw  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Clinch  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Kingston. 

Paw  Paw  Grove,  also  called  West  Paw  Paw,  a 
post-village  of  Lee  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  at  Paw  Paw  Station,  38  miles  W.  of 
Aurora.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Paw  Paw  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Van  Buren  co., 
runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction  to  Berrien  co.,  and  enters  the 
St.  Joseph  River  at  Benton  Harbor.  Length,  about  75  miles. 

Paw'selin,  a  hamlet  in  Greenfield  township,  Wabash 
CO.,  Minn.,  i  mile  from  Kellogg  Station.     It -has  a  church. 

Pawtuck'et,  a  name  given  to  a  part  of  a  river  in 
Rhode  Island,  which  runs  southward  and  enters  Narragan- 
sett  Bay.  The  part  of  it  which  is  above  the  town  of  Paw- 
tucket  is  called  Blackstone  River,  and  its  lower  part  is 
sometimes  called  Seekonk  River. 

Pawtucket,  a  post-town  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Pawtucket  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Providence  &  Worcester  and  Boston  &  Providence  Rail- 
roads, 4i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Providence,  and  39  miles  S.S.W. 


of  Boston.  Pawtucket  has  23  churches,  3  national  batiks, 
3  savings-banks,  several  hotels,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  publio 
library,  and  a  high  school.  Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived 
from  manufactures  of  various  articles,  among  which  are 
cotton  goods,  steam  fire-engines,  prints,  leather,  machinery, 
thread,  ropes,  spools,  and  files.  Here,  besides  other  large 
works,  is  the  Dunnell  Manufacturing  Company,  which  oc- 
cupies many  buildings  and  prints  over  20,000,000  yards  of 
calico  yearly;  also  the  American  branch  of  the  J.  &  P. 
Coats  Thread  Company  (limited),  giving  employment  to  3000 
hands.  Pawtucket  has  several  large  bleaching-  and  dyeing- 
establishments.     Pop.  in  1880,  19,030;  in  1890,  27.633. 

Pawtux'et,  a  post-village  in  Cranston  and  Warwick 
townships,  Kent  and  Providence  cos.,  R.I.,  on  Narragansett 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pawtuxet  River,  6  miles  S.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  mainly  supported  by 
the  fisheries  and  oyster -business.     Pop.  620. 

PaAVtuxet  River,  Rhode  Island,  rises  in  Providence 
CO.,  runs  southeastward  to  Kent  co.,  and  enters  Narragansett 
Bay  at  Pawtuxet.  It  affords  motive-power  for  mills,  and 
supplies  the  city  of  Providence  with  water. 

Pawtuxett,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 

Pax  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Badajos. 

Paxi'nos,  a  post- village  in  Shamokin  township,  North- 
umberland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shamokin  division  of  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Sunbury,  and  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Danville.  Coal  is  mined  near  it.  It  has  a 
powder-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pax  Julia,  the  ancient  name  of  Beja. 

Pax'o  (anc.  Pax'tu),  the  smallest  of  the  7  principal 
Ionian  Islands,  10  miles  S.  of  Corfu  and  S.W.  of  the  coast 
of  Acarnania,  5  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  2  miles  broad. 
Pop.  3582.  Surface  rocky.  Principal  product,  oil  of  the 
finest  quality.  On  the  £.  side  of  the  island  is  the  capital, 
Gayo.     Anti-Paxo  is  an  islet  IJ  miles  S.E.  of  the  above. 

Pax'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  in  Pax- 
ton  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  di- 
vision) where  it  crosses  the  Bloomington  division  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  103  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  49 
miles  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  6 
churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  carriage-factory,  and  the  Au- 
gustana  College  (Evangelical  Lutheran),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1860.     Pop.  in  1880,  1725;  in  1890,  2187. 

Paxton,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  on  Bas- 
seron  Creek,  and  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Paxton,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  township,  600. 

Paxton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minnesota  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Redwood  Falls. 
It  has  a  store  and  an  elevator. 

Paxton,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1738. 

Paxton,  a  post-office  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sm- 
quehanna  River,  34  miles  above  Harrisburg. 

Pax'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Sunbury  &  Lewistown  Railroad,  at  Benfer  Station,  13  miles 
W.  of  Selin's  Grove.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Paxns,  the  ancient  name  of  Paxo. 

Payas,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Baias. 

Pay  Down,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maries  oo.,  Mo.,  on  tue 
Gasconade  River,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  from  St.  James  Station. 
It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Payen-Dwen,  a  valley  of  Burmah.     See  Hukokq. 

Payenne,  pa-en',  a  township  of  Manitou  oo.,  Mioh. 
Pop.  287.     It  comprises  islands  in  Lake  Michigan. 

Payerne,  pi^yainn'  (Ger.  Peterlingen,  pi't^r-ling^^n), 
a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Lausanne,  on  the  Broye.     Pop.  3259. 

Payette  (pa-Sf)  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  Bois6  co.,  runs 
westward  through  Ada  co.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis 
River  about  lat.  44°  6'  N.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Payette  Store,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Paymatooning  Creek.     See  Pymatuning  Creek. 

Payne,  pain,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  Crooked  Creek,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Paul- 
ding.    It  has  a  church. 

Payne's,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Payne's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brookfield  town- 
ship, Trumbull  oo.,  0.,  i  mile  from  Brookfield  Station,  and 
about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Youngstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Payne's  Creek,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal. 

Payne's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Lexington  division  of  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A 
Lexington  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington. 


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Payne's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Dougherty  ».,  Qa.,  on 
the  Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad. 

Payne's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunt  oo.,  Tex..  16 
miles  N.  of  Terrell.     It  has  a  church. 

Paynesville,  panz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Crow  River,  about  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  2  churohes  and  2  flour-mills. 
Pop.  of  township,  363. 

Paynesville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  about  64 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  4  or  5  general  stores. 

Paynesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Va.,  about 
64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Paynesville,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis. 

Payneville,  pan'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Sucarnoochee  Creek,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Narkeeta. 

Payneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  48  miles 
S.W.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Payn-Ganga,  pin-ga,ng'gi,  or  Pain-Gunga,  pin- 
gung'gS,,  a  river  of  India,  in  G-undwana,  joins  the  Wurdah. 
Length,  200  miles. 

Paysandu,  or  Paisandu,  pi-sln-doo',  a  town  of 
Uruguay,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  Uruguay,  15  miles 
above  Concepcion.  Pop.  2388.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  de- 
partment of  the  same  name. 

Pays-Bas  ("  Low  Countries").    See  Netherlands. 

Pays  de  Caux,  a  district  of  France.    See  Caux. 

Pays  de  Vaud,  Switzerland.    See  Vaud. 

Payson,  pa'spn,  a  post-village  in  Payson  township, 
Adams  co.,  III.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  4  churches,  a  newpaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements.     Pop.  700;  of  township,  1881. 

Payson,  a  post-village  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah 
Southern  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  near 
the  S.  end  of  Utah  Lake.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  furniture. 

Payta,  or  Paita,  pl'tl,  a  seaport  town  of  Peru,  de- 
partment of  Trujillo,  between  Seohura  Bay  and  Cape  Blanco. 
Lat.  5°  5'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  81°  8'  30"  W.  It  is  connected  by 
rail  with  Piura.  It  is  built  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  bay, 
and  is  the  entrepdt  of  the  province  of  Piura.  The  port 
is  the  best  on  this  coast,  and  the  town  has  a  rising  foreign 
commerce.     Pop.  5000. 

Pay  Up,  a  post-office  of  Hart  oo.,  Qa. 

Peabody,  pee'bod-e,  a  post- village  in  Peabody  town- 
ship, Marion  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Emporia,  and  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  money -order  post-office,  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2  banking- 
houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  1474;  of  the  township,  2118. 

Peabody,  a  post-village  in  Peabody  township,  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lawrence  and  Wakefield 
Branch  Railroads  with  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad,  2  miles 
W.  of  Salem,  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains 
7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  and  the  Peabody  Institute,  in  which  are  a  library  of 
about  15,000  volumes  and  a  collection  of  paintings,  &c. 
This  place  was  named  in  honor  of  George  Peabody,  who 
was  born  here.  The  township,  which  was  formerly  called 
South  Danvers,  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  leather,  and 
glue.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,158. 

Peabody,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  22^  miles 
S.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  300. 

Peabody  Bay,  a  large  body  of  water  intervening  be- 
tween the  N.  shore  of  Greenland  and  the  land  called  Wash- 
ington. At  its  western  curve  (lat.  80°  12'  W.)  it  gives  exit 
to  a  large  channel  which  expands  to  the  northward  and  was 
formerly  thought  to  be  an  open  polar  sea. 

Peabody  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of 
Montpelier. 

Peace,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township.  Rice  co., 
Kansas,  near  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  125  miles  W.  of  Emporia, 
and  18  miles  W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  400. 

Peace  Creek,  Polk  co.,  Fla.    See  Bartow. 

Peace  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Peacedale,  peess'dal,  a  post-village  in  South  Kings- 
ton township,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Providence,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  handsome 
stone  church,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  woollen  shawls 
and  worsted  goods. 

Peace  River,  a  large  river  of  British  North  America, 
rises  by  two  heads  near  55°  N.  lat.  and  120°  to  123°  W. 
Ion.,  flows  at  first  N.,  and,  after  receiving  Finlay's  River, 
breaks  through  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  has  thenceforth 
a  generally  N.E.  course  to  near  Lake  Athabasca,  where  it 


1 


PEA 


again  turns  N.,  and,  under  the  name  of  Slave  River,  entert 
the  Great  Slave  Lake  near  lat.  61°  N.,  Ion.  113°  30'  W.  To- 
tal course  estimated  at  1100  miles.  It  receives  the  surplu* 
waters  of  Lake  Athabasca,  and  gives  name  to  a  territory 
between  lat.  55°  40'  and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  112°  and  115°  W. 

Peace  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howell  oo.,  Mo.,  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  75. 

Peacham,  peech'^m,  a  post-village  and  township  of 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  grammar-school  and  2  churches.     Pop.  1141. 

Peach  Belt,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  oo.,  Mich..  8  miles 
W.  of  Fennville. 

Peach  Bot'tom,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Columbia.  Here  the  above  railroad  crosses  the  Peach  Bot- 
tom Railroad.     Here  is  Peter's  Creek  Post-Office. 

Peach  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peach  Bottom  town- 
ship, York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  opposite  the  above.  It  baa  3 
churches  near  it.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2366. 

Peach  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Peach  Creek,  of  Gfonzales  co.,  Tex.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Guadalupe  River. 

Peach  Creek,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Montgomery  co., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  the  San  Jacinto  River  in  Harris  co. 

Peach  Creek,  a  village  in  Sherman  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Kansas,  on  Peach  Creek,  15  miles  N.  of  Clay 
Centre,  and  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Manhattan.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  3  stores. 

Peach  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Panola  oo.,  Miss. 

Peach'er's  Mill,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Red  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Clarks- 
ville.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goshen  township.  Clay 
CO.,  Kansas,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  oo.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Butler  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sarpy  oo.,  Nebraska. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  from  Greeneville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Peach  Island,  Ontario,  is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Lak« 
St.  Clair. 

Peach'land,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Mo. 

Peach  Or'chard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  142^  miles  N.E.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Peach  Orchard,  township,  Ford  oo..  111.    Pop.  374. 

Peach  Orchard,  a  hamlet  in  Hector  township, Schuy- 
ler CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  about  9  miles 
N.  of  Watkins.  Peaches  and  grapes  abound  here.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Hector. 

Peach  Stone  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,G«. 

Peach  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal. 

Peach  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Peach  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex.,  00 
miles  N.  of  Beaumont.     It  has  2  churches. 

Peach'tree  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Chattahoo- 
chee River  in  De  Kalb  co.,  a  few  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Peachtree  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  Tar 
River  near  the  S.E.  border  of  Nash  co. 

Peach  Tree  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Nash  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  from  Rocky  Mount.   It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

Peachville,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Buena  Vista. 

Peacock  Island,  Low  Archipelago.    See  Ahii. 

Peacock's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Johnston 
CO.,  N.C. 

Peacock's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  oo.,  N.C, 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad. 

Pea  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Bangor. 

P6age,  p&'&zh',  a  town  of  Franoe,  in  Isdre,  10  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1638. 

Peak,  peek,  or  High  Peak,  a  wild  and  mountainous 
district  of  England,  in  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  co.  of  Derby. 
It  abounds  in  lead,  and  in  extraordinary  caverns  in  the 
limestone  rocks.    See  Castleton. 

Peak  Creek,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C     P.  1005. 

Peaked  Hill,  New  Hampshire.     See  Mocnt  Aoassix. 

Peake's  Cross  Road8,apo8t-offioe  of  SpottsylvanlA 
CO.,  Va. 

Peake's  (peeks)  Tnrn'out,  a  post-office  of  Hanover 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Peake's 
Station,  15  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Peakesville,  peeks'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  ool. 
Mo.,  7  miles  N.  of  Cahoka  Station.     It  has  2  charohoiw 

Peak  of  Derby.    See  Peak. 


PEA 


2126 


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Peak's  Island,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  is  in  Casco  Bay,  3  miles  E.  of  Port- 
land. It  is  on  an  islet  which  has  an  area  of  800  acres, 
and  communicates  with  Portland  by  a  eteam  ferry.  It 
contains  a  church  and  several  hotels.  Casco  Bay,  enclosing 
about  365  islands,  is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery. 

Peak's  Mill,  a  post-oflBce  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky. 

Peaks  of  Ea'gletail,  in  the  E.  part  of  Colorado, 
near  the  source  of  Eagle  River,  are  in  about  lat.  39°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  W. 

Peaks  of  Ot'ter,  Virginia,  two  summits  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  are  on  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Bedford 
and  Botetourt,  having  an  altitude  of  about  4000  feet- 
Peak  Station,  South  Carolina.     See  Alston. 

Peaks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Peapack,  pee'pak,  a  post-village  in  Bedminster  town- 
ship, Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  II  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  a  Hour-mill,  2  churches,  and  several  lime-kilns. 

Pea  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Pea  Point,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Pearce's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala. 

Peard,  p^-aad'  (?),  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  near 
the  centre  of  the  Gambler  group.  Lat.  23°  7'  58"  S. ;  Ion. 
134°  55'  21"  W.     It  is  about  6  miles  in  length. 

Pea  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Be  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Pea  Ridge,  a  hamlet  in  Benton  oo..  Ark.,  several 
miles  E.  of  Bentonville.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in 
March,  1862,  between  the  Union  forces  under  General 
Samuel  R.  Curtis  and  the  Confederates  under  General  Van 
Dom.    The  former  remained  master  of  the  field. 

Pea  Ridge,  a  township  of  Brown  oo..  III.     Pop.  1011. 

Pea  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  oo..  Miss. 

Pea  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Pear'isburg,  or  Pa'risburg,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Giles  CO.,  Va.,  in  a  mountainous  country,  on  New  River, 
about  100  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Pea  River,  Alabama,  drains  parts  of  Barbour  and 
Pike  COS.,  and  runs  southwestward  to  Elba,  in  CoSee  co. 
Below  this  place  it  runs  southward  to  the  northern  border 
of  Florida,  and  enters  the  Choctawhatohee  River  at  or  near 
Geneva,  in  Alabama. 

Pea  River,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Pearl,  a  former  county  in  the  8.  part  of  Mississippi, 
with  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  was  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Wolf 
River.  It  has  recently  been  attached  to  Hancock  co.  Its 
capital  was  Riceville. 

Pearl,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  111.  Pop.  628.  It  con- 
tains Bee  Creek. 

Pearl,  a  post-office  of  Elk  oo.,  Kansas. 

Pearl  City,  a  village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pearl  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  35  mUes  S.W.  of 
Rochester. 

Pearl  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  in  Pearl 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Jacksonville,  and  i  mile  W.  of  the  Illinois  River. 

Pearl'ington,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co.,  Miss.,  on 
Pearl  River,  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  40  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Orleans.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill.    P.  629. 

Pearl  Island,  Newfoundland,  is  in  the  Bay  of  Islands, 
on  its  W.  coast. 

Pearl  Islands.    See  Low  Archipelago. 

Pearl  Islands,  republic  of  Colombia,  are  in  the 
Bay  of  Panama,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Panama.  They  consist 
of  the  islands  del  Rey,  San  Jos6,  and  Pedro  Gonzales,  with 
many  islets,  and  owe  their  name  to  their  pearl-fisheries. 

Pearl  La^goon',  Nicaragua,  30  miles  N.  of  Bluefields, 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  25  miles  in  length  by  12 
miles  in  width.     Off  its  entrance  are  the  Pearl  Keys. 

Pearl  River,  Mississippi,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Winston  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  to  the  city  of  Jackson. 
Below  this  place  it  flows  nearly  southward,  and  intersects 
the  cos.  of  Lawrence  and  Marion.  It  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Washington  and  St.  Tammany  parishes  of 
Louisiana,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  400  miles.  In  the  last  half  of  its  course  it 
traverses  a  level  and  sandy  country. 

Pearl  River,  a  post-office  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Pearl  River,  China.    See  Canton  Rivkb. 

Pearl  River,  a  post-office  of  St.  Tammany  parish,  La., 
on  West  Pearl  River,  at  Indian  Village,  15  miles  N.  of 
Rigolet's  Station. 

Pearl  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  on 


Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.  of  Nashua.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  an  elevator. 

Pearsall's,  peer'sawlz,  a  post-village  of  Queens  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Hempstead  township,  on  the  Southern  Railroad, 
18  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  1  or  2  miles  from  the  ooeas 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tinware,  &o. 

Pearson,  peer'spn,  a  post-village  of  Coff^ee  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Brunswick  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  89  miles  W.  of  Bruns- 
wick.    It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Pearson,  Illinois  and  Michigan.     See  Pierson. 

Pearson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jasper  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Washington  i,  Cincinnati  Railroad. 

Pearson's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 

Pearson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Pease,  peez,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  5211 
It  contains  Bridgeport,  Martin's  Ferry,  <fco. 

Peasefort,  peez'fort,  post-office,  Custer  co.,  Montana. 

Peaseleeville,  peez'l^-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Platts- 
burg.     It  has  an  iron-forge. 

Pea  Vine,  a  mining-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Reno. 

Pebble,  peb'b^l,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on 
Pebble  Creek,  1  mile  from  Soribner,  near  Elkhorn  River, 
and  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Pebble,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1422. 

Pebble  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Stanton  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Elkhorn  River  in  Dodge  co. 

Pecan,  pe-kS.n'  or  po-kawn',  post-office,  Delta  co.,  Tex. 

Pecan  (or  Peccan)  Bayou,  of  Texas,  a  stream 
which  enters  the  Colorado  from  the  N.W.  in  Travis  co. 

Pecan  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward  through 
Navarro  co.,  and  enters  the  Trinity  River  in  Freestone  oo. 

Pecan  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coryell  oo.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Waco. 

Pecan  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  oo..  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  36  miles  above  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Pecan  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Red  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Walker  Station.  Here  is  a 
steamboat-landing. 

Pec^aton'ica,  or  Pek^aton'ica,  local  pron.  pik-a- 
ton'ik,  a  post-village  in  Pecatonica  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  111.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Freeport 
Branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  14  miles 
W.  of  Rockford,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Freeport.  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a 
machine-shop,  2  carriage-shops,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1059. 

Pecatonica  River  is  formed  by  two  branches  which 
rise  in  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  and  unite  in  the  S.  part  of  that  sUite. 
It  runs  S.E.  to  Freeport,  111.,  below  which  it  flows  E.  and 
N.E.,  and  enters  Rock  River  at  Rockton,  111.  It  is  nearly 
150  miles  long,  including  one  branch. 

Peccioli,  pSt'cho-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  prov- 
ince and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  of  commune,  5745. 

Pecetto,  p&-chdt'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  3  miles  from  Valenza.     Pop.  2034. 

Pecetto,  or  Pecetto-Torinese,  p4-chfit'to-to-re- 
nk'aii,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Turin. 

Pechchanoe,  or  Pechtchanoe,  fiK-ohk-no'k,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Poltava,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pereslavl. 

Pe-Chee-Lee,  pA'cheeMee',  Chee-Lee,  or  Chi- 
lii,  chee^lee',  the  northernmost  province  of  China,  mostly 
between  lat.  35°  and  41°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  114°  and  120°  E., 
having  N.  Mongolia,  E.  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  and  on 
other  sides  the  provinces  of  Shan-Toong,  Shan-See,  and  Ho- 
Nan.  Area,  58,949  square  miles.  Pop.  27,990,871.  It  is  J 
the  least  productive  province  of  China  proper,  and  owes  its  I 
chief  importance  to  containing  the  capital  (Peking),  and 
the  great  depots  of  rice  and  salt  for  the  internal  supply  of 
the  empire,  and  of  the  cattle  sent  into  China  from  Mon- 
golia. Coal  of  inferior  quality  is  raised  in  considerable 
?uantitie8.  The  province  is  divided  into  11  departments, 
hief  cities,  Peking  and  Yung-Ping. 

Pechina,  pi-chee'n&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
4  miles  from  Almeria,  on  the  river  Almeria.     Pop.  2113. 

Pechinum,  a  Latin  name  of  Peking. 

Pechlarn,  p^K'lann,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kllne, 
contiguous  towns  of  Lower  Austria,  19  miles  W.  of  St. 
Polten.     United  pop.  1364. 

Pechor,  pi^chor',  a  considerable  town   of  India,  24       ■ 
miles  S.E.  of  Gwalior.  a 

Pechtchanoe,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Pechchanoe.       ■ 

Peck,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.  ■ 

Peck,  a  post-village    in    Elk  township,  Sanilac  oo.,      ^ 
Mich.,  14^  miles  W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  3  stores,  2  grist- 
mills, 2  saw-mills,  &i.     Pop.  about  200. 


J 


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2127 


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Peckatouica,  Illinois.     See  Pecatonica. 

Peckelsheim,  p5k'§ls-hime',  or  Pekelsen,  pdk'^l- 
efin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  AVestphalia,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Minden.     Pop.  1486. 

Peck'ham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  form- 
ing a  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  about  3  miles  S^.E.  of  St. 
Paul's,  London.     Pop.  42,160. 

Peck'port,  or  Pecks'port,  a  hamlet  in  Eaton  town- 
ehip,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  26  miles  from  Utica.    It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Pecks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  22  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Peck's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  21 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  hotel  and  2  gen- 
eral stores.     There  are  2  churches  near  it. 

Pecks'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
N.AY.  of  Towner's  Station. 

Peckville,  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.    See  Blakelt. 

Pecon'ic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  |  of  a  mile  from  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  14  miles  E.  of  Riverhead.     Pop.  about  140. 

Pecos,  pi'koce,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  6700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  and  N.E.  by  the  Pecos  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Rio 
Grande.  Capital,  Fort  Stockton,  on  Comanche  Creek.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1807;  in  1890,  1326. 

Pecos  River,  or  Rio  Pecos,  ree'o  p&'kooe,  rises  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mexico,  and 
runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  extensive  arid  table- 
lands nearly  destitute  of  forests.  It  enters  Texas  at  a 
point  about  lat.  32°  N.  and  Ion.  104°  W,  Below  this  point 
it  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  near  lat. 
29°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  101°  20'  W.     Length,  about  800  miles. 

Pecq,  Le,  l§h  pSk,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  a 
railway  from  Paris  to  Saint-Germain.     Pop.  1601. 

Pecquea  Creek,  Pennsylvania.    See  Peqttea. 

Pecs,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  FOnfkirchen. 

Pecska,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Petzka. 

Pecu'liar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Raymore  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Pedara,  pi-d4'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mt.  Etna.     Pop.  3634. 

Pedda  Balapoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Ped^dapoor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rajahmundry.  It  is  well  built,  and 
near  it  are  ruined  fortifications.     Pop.  9202. 

Pedee,  pe-dee'  orpe'de,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa, 
about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Davenport. 

Pedee,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  640. 

Pedee,  a  township  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2400. 

Pedee,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1113. 

Pedee,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Wis. 

Pedee  (or  Great  Pedee)  River  rises  in  North  Car- 
olina, and  is  called  the  Yadkin  in  the  first  part  of  its  course. 
The  name  Pedee  is  given  to  the  part  which  is  in  South 
Carolina,  and  perhaps  to  all  that  is  below  the  mouth  of 
Rooky  River.  It  enters  South  Carolina  about  10  miles  N. 
of  Cheraw,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Marion  co., 
receives  the  Little  Pedee  and  the  Waccamaw,  and  enters 
Winyaw  Bay  in  Georgetown  co.  Sloops  can  ascend  it 
about  120  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  steamers  to  Gardner's 
Bluff.  The  Little  Pedee  rises  in  North  Carolina,  drains 
parts  of  Richmond  and  Robeson  cos.  in  that  state,  runs  south- 
ward into  South  Carolina,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Horry 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Pedee  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Marion  co, 

Pe'den,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 

Pedernales,  pi-d§r-n3,'l5s  (or  Perdinales,  pfir-de- 
ni'lfis)  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Gillespie  co.,  runs  eastward 
through  Blanco  co.,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River  about  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Austin.     Its  length  is  about  110  miles. 

Pederneira,  p&-ddR-ni'e-r&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Estremadura,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alooba^a,  on  the  Bay  of 
Pederneira.     Pop.  3209. 

Pedir,  p5,-deer',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its  N.  coast,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Aeheen. 

Ped'lar  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Burford's.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ped'lar's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Pedlar's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pedra- Branca,  pi'dri-brin'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Pedraza,  pi-dri'si,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  38  miles  W. 
of  Barinas. 

Pedrera,  pi-ori'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  1539, 


Ped'ricktown,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Penn's  Neck 
township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.  of  Penn's  Grove,  and  25  miles  S.W,  of  Camden, 
It  has  3  or  4  churches. 

Pedro- Abad,  pi'Dro-i-Bid',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, province  and  20  miles  from  Cordova.     Pop.  1891. 

Pedro  -  Bernardo,  p&'nro-bdB-naR'do,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Avila.   Pop.  2496. 

Pedroches,  pi-Dro'chfis  (anc.  SoUa),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cordova.     Pty,  2000. 

Pedrogfto  Grande,  pi-dro-g8wM«'  grin'dA,  a  village 
of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Thomar,  on 
the  Zezere.  Pop.  3261.  The  town  of  Pkdrooao  Pequeho, 
pi-dro-gSwM"'  pa-k&'no,  is  on  the  Zezere,  almost  opposite  to 
the  former.     Pop.  2499. 

Pedro-Munoz,  pi'nro  moon-yoth',  a  town  of  bpain, 
province  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2600. 

Pedro&eras,  Las,  Spain.    See  Las  Pedroijeras. 

Pedroso,  p4-Dro'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Logrofio.     Pop.  866. 

Pedroso,  El,  il  pi-oro'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  prorluo* 
and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Seville,  with  iron-works.     Pop,  2641. 

Peebles,  pee'b^lz,  Peeblesshire,  pee'b^I-shir,  or 
Tweed'dale,  an  inland  county  of  Scotland,  having  N. 
the  CO.  of  Edinburgh,  E.  Selkirk,  W.  Lanark,  and  S.  Dum- 
fries. Area,  356  square  miles.  Much  of  the  surface  is  in 
mountain,  moor,  and  bog,  but  well  wooded.  The  Broadlaw 
rises  to  2741  feet  in  height.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tweed, 
with  its  tributaries.  Large  numbers  of  sheep  and  cattle 
are  reared.  Coal  is  raised  in  the  N.W.,  and  a  few  manu- 
factures of  woollens  are  carried  on.  Peebles,  the  capital, 
is  its  only  town  of  importance.  The  county  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons,     Pop.  (1891)  14,760. 

Peebles,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Tweed,  here  crossed  by  a  good  bridge,  and 
joined  by  the  Eddleston,  21  miles  S.  of  Edinburgh.  Peebles 
is  the  terminus  of  2  railways.  Pop.  of  town,  3495.  The 
Eddleston  divides  it  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the  latter 
having  many  substantial  buildings.  Peebles  has  a  hand- 
some parish  church,  remains  of  various  ecclesiastical  and 
other  edifices,  a  town  house,  a  jail,  a  grammar-school,  and 
manufactures  of  various  kinds.  Here  is  the  Chambers  In- 
stitution, with  a  noble  building,  containing  a  library,  mu- 
seum, and  reading-room. 

Peebles,  pee'b^lz,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  at  Pee- 
ble's  Corners  Station,  4  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Pee  Dee,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Pee  Dee,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Caro- 
lina Central  Railroad  and  the  Pedee  River,  5  miles  W.  of 
Rockingham. 

Pee  Dee,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  S.O., 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  <Ss  Augusta  Railroad  and  the 
Pedee  River,  13  miles  E.  of  Florence. 

Peek's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Peeks'kill,  a  post-village  in  Cortland  township,  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  17 
miles  below  Newburg,  and  42  miles  N.  of  New  York,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  ij 
near  the  place  where  the  river  emerges  from  the  Highlands, 
and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  It  contains  15 
churches,  a  convent,  St.  Gabriel's  school  for  young  ladies 
(Episcopalian),  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  several  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  gas-works, 
electric-light  plant,  and  manufactures  of  boilers,  stores, 
hollow-ware,  bricks,  hats,  underwear,  Ac,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  The  long  pano- 
rama presented  to  the  tourist  between  Peekskill  and  New- 
burg is  the  most  magnificent  and  picturesque  part  of  the 
scenery  of  the  Hudson.  Peekskill  is  connected  with  Cald- 
well's Landing,  on  the  W.  bank,  by  a  steam  ferry.  It  is 
abundantly  supplied  with  good  water  from  a  reservoir. 
Pop.  in  1880,  6893  J  in  1890,  9676;  present  pop.  10,600. 

Peeks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  20  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Griffin.     It  has  a  church  and  an  eclectic  school. 

Peel,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  on  an  inlet  on 
its  W.  coast,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Douglas.  Pop.  3513,  mostly 
employed  in  fisheries.  It  has  a  harbor,  and  on  a  rouky  islet 
are  remains  of  a  fine  feudal  castle  and  ruins  of  a  cathedral 
and  an  episcopal  palace. 

Peel,  pail,  an  extensive  marsh  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant  and  Limburg,  occupying 
about  60  square  miles,  between  the  Meuse  and  the  Aa. 

Peel,  a  maritime  town  of  West  Australia,  30  miles  S. 
of  the  mouth  of  Swan  River,  and  at  the  entrance  of  Peel 
Inlet,  a  lagooF  20  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S. 


PEE 


2128 


PEK 


Peel,  a  county  of  Ontario,  borders  upon  the  N.W.  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  watered  by  the  Humber  River,  and 
is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  Great  Western,  Toronto, 
Grey  A  Bruce,  and  Credit  Valley  Railways.  Capital,  Bramp- 
ton.    Area,  269  square  miles.     Pop.  16,369. 

Peel'ed  Chest'nut,  a  post-oflBce  of  White  oo.,  Tenn. 

Feel  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Bonin  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  with  Fitton  Bay,  a  considerable  inlet,  at  its 
S.E.  extremity.     Lat.  27°  2'  N.;  Ion.  142°  10'  E. 

Peel  River,  New  Soath  Wales,  called  Namoi,  or 
Nammoy,  in  its  lower  course,  rises  near  lat.  31°  40'  S., 
Ion.  161°  15'  E.,  flows  mostly  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  coarse  of 
fiOO  miles,  reaches  the  Darling  River. 

Peel  River,  British  North  America,  rises  in  lat.  64" 
N.,  Ion.  129°  W.,  flows  mostly  N.W.  in  the  E.  valleys  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Mackenzie  at  the  com- 
mencement of  its  delta.  It  has  here  also  a  branch  connect- 
ing it  with  Rat  River.  Gneiss,  syenite,  limestone,  and 
sandstone  are  the  chief  formations  in  the  country  through 
which  it  flows.  Alum  and  lignitic  coal  are  met  with  on  its 
banks,  and  many  furs  are  brought  by  the  Indians  from  the 
region  around  it. 

Peel  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va.,  16 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Clarksburg.    It  has  a  chnrch  and  a  mill. 

Peene,  p&'n^h,  a  navigable  river  of  North  Germany, 
rises  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  enters  a  lake  connected 
with  the  Stettiner-Ha£f  in  Prussia,  and  thence  flows  N.  into 
the  Baltic,  after  a  course  of  90  miles.  AfBuents,  the  Tollen 
and  Trebel. 

Peenemttnde,  p^'n^h-miinM^h,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Pomerania,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Peene,  6  miles  N.  of 
Wolgast.     Pop.  614. 

Pee  Pee,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2320.  It 
contains  Waverly.     See  also  Bdchanan. 

Peeples,  pee'p^lz,  a  township  of  Beaufort  oo.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1400. 

Peer,  p&R,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Limboorg,  14  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Haaselt.     Pop.  1460. 

Peer  Pui^ab,  peer  piln-j&b',  a  town  of  Sinde,  48  miles 
N.  of  Sehwan,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Indus. 

Peers,  a  post-oflBce  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Pee'rysville,a8mall  post-village,  capital  of  McDowell 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  60  miles  N.  of  Saltville,  Va.  It  has  a  church. 
Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Pee  Wee  Park,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  E.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
an  academy,  a  saw-mill,  &o.    See  also  Pewee  Valley. 

Pefferlaw,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cannington.  It  contains  2  stores,  a  tan- 
nery, and  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Fegalajar,  or  Pegalaxar,  p&-g&-l&-HaR',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3029. 

Peg'asns,  or  Port  Pegasus,  a  port  on  the  S.  side 
of  Stewart  Island,  New  Zealand,  7  miles  in  length,  and 
well  sheltered,  but  for  the  most  part  too  deep  for  anchorage. 

Pegasus  Bay,  on  the  E.  side  of  South  Island,  New 
Zealand,  N.  of  Banks  Peninsula,  measures  40  miles  from  N. 
to  S.,  and  15  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Pegau,  p&'gSw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Leipsic,  on  the  White  Elster.  It  has  manufactures  of 
leather,  cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  4443. 

Pegnitz,  pdg'nits,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  flows  S.  and  W., 
and  joins  the  Rednitz  at  Fiirth  to  form  the  Regnitz.  Total 
course,  60  miles. 

Pegnitz,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Pegnitz, 
near  its  source,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  2281. 

Pego,  pi'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  5847.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth  and  basket-work.  The  neighborhood  is  irri- 
gated and  highly  productive. 

Pe'gram's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad; 
20  miles  W.  of  Nashville. 

Pegu,  pe-goo'  (Fr.  Pigou,  pi^goo'),  a  division  of  British 
Burmah,  comprising  7  districts,  and  including  all  of  the 
eountry  except  Aracan  and  Tenasserim.  Area,  26,979 
square  miles.  Capital,  Rangoon.  Pop.  1,662,058.  The 
Peguans  proper,  also  called  Mon,  or  Talaing,  speak  a  pe- 
culiar language,  but  are  no  longer  the  dominant  race. 

Adj  and  inhab.  Pequan,  pe-goo'an. 

Pegu,  pe-goo'  (called  Bagoo,  b4-goo',  by  the  natives), 
a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Pegoo  River,  a  tributary 
of  the  Irrawaddy,  at  its  delta,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Rangoon. 
Lat.  17°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  96°  20'  E.  It  is  said  to  have  had 
formerly  160,000  inhabitants,  but  it  has  been  greatly  re- 
duced. Among  its  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  tem- 
ple of  Shoe-maidoo,  raised  upon  two  successive  terraces ;  the 


lower,  1390  feet  square,  consists  of  an  eight-sided  pagoda, 
each  side  162  feet  in  length,  and  tapering  to  360  feet  in 
height,  surrounded  by  spire?^  ornaments,  and  bells.  Pega 
has  several  other  temples,  now  mostly  in  ruins;  and  nearly 
all  the  site  of  the  ancient  city  is  under  water.     Pop.  4161. 

Peichaouer,  India.    See  Pesbawbr. 

Pei-Ho,  pi'hs'  ("  white  river"),  called  also  the  North 
River,  in  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  rises  near  the 
Great  Wall,  flows  S.E.,  passing  E.  of  Peking,  70  miles  S.  of 
which  it  receives  several  tributaries,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee  in  lat.  38°  33'  N.  It  is  navigable  for  boatJ 
for  20  miles  from  Peking. 

Peilau,  pi'ldw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33  milet 
S.S.W.  of  Breslau.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
linen  ^oods.     Pop.  7464. 

Peine,  pl'n^n,  a  town  of  Pmssia,  in  Hanover,  17  milw 
N.E.  of  Hildeeheim,  on  the  railway  to  Brunswick.  Pop. 
4994.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  tobacco. 

Peint,  pSnt,  a  native  state  of  India,  between  lat.  20° 
and  20°  27'  N.  and  about  Ion.  72°  E.  Area,  960  square 
miles.     Pop.  47,033. 

Peipus  (or  Peipons)  Lake.    See  Lake  Peipus. 

Peirce  City,  Missouri.    See  Pierce  Citt. 

Peiro,  pS'ro,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 

Peisern,  pl'z^m,  or  Pyzdry,  piz'dree,  a  town  of  Po- 
land, 34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  3106. 

Peisey,  a  commune  of  France.    See  Pesbi. 

Peishore,  India.    See  Pkshawer. 

Peiskretscham,   pls'kr^t-shim',    or   Piscowice, 

gis^ko-^eet'si,  a  town  of  Prossian  Silesit^  38  miles  S.E.  of 
ppeln.  Pop.  3868.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
linen  stuffs,  and  potteries. 

Peitz,  or  Peiz,  pits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 35  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  iron-works,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  4130. 

Peize,  pi'z^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe, 
11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Assen.     Pop.  of  commune,  1381. 

Pekalongan,  p&-k4-lon-gin',  a  town  of  Java,  in  a 
district  of  its  own  name,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island,  lat. 
6°  65'  S.,  Ion.  109°  40'  E.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 
Pop.  of  the  residency,  505,204. 

Pekatonica,  Illinois.    See  Pecatonica  River. 

Pekel-Aa,  p^'k^l-ft,  or  Pekela,  pi'kfh-li,  NicrwE, 
nyii'vfh,  and  Oude,  dw'd^h,  two  contiguous  villages  of  the 
Netherlands,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Groningen,  on  the  Aa.  Pop. 
of  Nieuwe  Pekel-Aa,  6118 ;  of  Oude  Pekel-Aa,  4593. 

Pekeisen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Peckblsheim. 

Pekin,  a  city  of  China.     See  Pekiit6. 

Pe'kin,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Tazewell  co.,  is 
situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  at  the  con- 
vergence of  5  important  railroads,  10  miles  below  Peoria, 
56  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  163  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  4  fine  school- 
houses,  a  public  library  association  and  library,  13  churches, 
6  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers, 3  national  banks,  1  private  bank,  steam-mills, 
wagon-  and  plough-manufactories,  foundries,  boiler-shops, 
2  of  the  leading  reaper-factories  in  the  country,  malt- 
works,  and  a  hominy-mill.  It  has  6  large  distilleries,  and 
is  second  only  to  Peoria  (of  the  cities  of  the  United  States) 
in  internal  revenue  collections  on  distilled  spirits.  Pop.  in 
1890,  by  U.S.  census,  6347;  in  1893,  by  local  census,  9708. 

Pekin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  on  a 
branch  of  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Pekin,  a  hamlet  of  Jessamine  oo.,  Ky.,  near  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington. 

Pekin,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  A  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Piedmont.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  605. 

Pekin,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
"  Mountain  Ridge,"  10  miles  W.  of  Lockport,  and  2  miles 
N.  of  the  Rochester  A  Niagara  Falls  Railroad.  Its  site 
commands  a  fine  view  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  ha^  2  churches, 
4  stores,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  275. 

Pekin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rockingham.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pekin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clear  Creek  township,  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of  Corwin  Station,  which  is  60  miles 
N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Pekin,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo..  Pa.,  about  42  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Pekin,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Pekin,  a  post-office  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington. 

Peeking',  or  Pe^kin'  (i.e.,  in  Chinese,  "  the  northern 
capital;"  Fr.  Piking,  or  P6k%n,  pi'k4n»' ;  Port.  Pequinif 
pi-keeN»' ;  Sp.  Pequin,  p&-keen' ;  L.  Pechi'num  or  Peqtti^- 


rEK 


2129 


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num),  the  capital  city  of  China,  and  modern  metropolis  of 
the  Chinese  Empire,  capital  of  the  province  of  Pe-Chee- 
Lee>  in  a  sandy  plain,  between  the  Pei-Ho  and  its  aflBuent 
the  Hoen-Ho,  100  miles  N.W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  former 
river  in  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  50  miles  S.  of  the  Great  Wall 
of  China.  Lat.  of  imperial  observatory,  39°  54'  13"  N.  ; 
Ion.  116°  28'  54"  E.  Mean  annual  temperature,  54.8° 
Fahr.;  winter,  26.7°;  summer,  81.1°.  The  population  has 
been  estimated  (probably  much  too  highly)  at  2,000,000. 
It  consists  of  two  contiguous  cities,  each  separately  encircled 
by  lofty  walls,  which  together  are  entered  by  16  gates. 
The  entire  circuit  is  reckoned  at  25  miles.  The  wall  is  30 
'eet  high,  and  25  feet  thick  at  the  base,  diminishing  to  12 
feet  at  the  top.  It  is  faced  nearly  throughout  with  large 
bricks,  laid  in  a  mortar  of  lime  and  clay,  which  in  time 
becomes  almost  as  durable  as  stone.  Square  towers,  pro- 
jecting 50  feet  from  the  outer  side  of  tne  walls,  occur  at 
intervals  of  about  60  yards,  and  the  whole  is  surrounded 
by  a  ditch.  Much  of  the  enclosed  space  is  occupied  by 
gardens  and  enclosures,  the  houses  seldom  being  more  than 
one  story  in  height.  The  S.  or  Chinese  city,  the  seat  of 
jommerce  and  the  residence  of  the  majority  of  the  popula- 
tion, is  intersected  throughout  by  four  wide  and  regular 
thoroughfares,  which  abound  with  shops  of  all  descriptions 
and  are  continually  filled  with  a  motley  crowd.     At  the 

Eoints  where  these  streets  meet  each  other  are  large  arches, 
ut  except  these,  and  a  temple  to  the  god  of  agriculture, 
there  would  seem  to  be  no  edifices  in  this  quarter  deserving 
notice.  The  houses  are  of  brick,  with  red-tiled  roofs,  and 
the  city  is  unpaved  and  undrained.  The  Northern,  Tartar, 
or  imperial  city  consists  of  three  separate  enclosures.  The 
outer  of  these,  formerly  appropriated  to  the  Tartar  garrison, 
is  now  mostly  occupied  by  Chinese  traders;  it,  however, 
contains  five  of  the  supreme  tribunals  of  the  empire.  The 
second  enclosure  (Hwang-Ching,  "  the  august  city")  is  6 
miles  in  circuit,  and  entered  by  4  large  and  several  smaller 
gates.  In  it  are  extensive  public  granaries,  a  military 
arsenal  and  seminary,  the  college  and  buildings  of  the 
Russian  embassy,  an  astronomical  and  a  magnetic  observa- 
tory, the  great  temples  of  Ancestors  and  of  Peace,  the  lat- 
ter having  attached  to  it  an  institution  for  Booddhist  lamas ; 
the  national  college  of  China,  and  the  residences  of  the 
great  dignitaries  of  the  empire.  The  inner  enclosure,  or 
"  forbidden  city,"  with  walls  2  miles  in  circumference,  faced 
with  yellow  tiles,  and  surrounded  by  a  moat  faced  with 
masonry,  is  appropriated  to  the  public  and  private  palaces 
of  the  emperor  and  empress,  and  has  a  magnificent  temple 
of  the  imperial  ancestors,  pavilions,  gardens,  a  lake,  and 
an  artificial  mountain.  Outside  of  both  cities  are  open 
suburbs  which  present  all  the  evidences  of  an  industrious 
people  intent  on  the  pursuit  of  gain,  mercantile  bustle  per- 
vading every  quarter.  Peking  has  religious  edifices  appro- 
priated to  many  forms  of  religion,  the  principle  of  toleration 
being  here  carried  to  the  utmost  extent.  Among  these  are 
a  Greek  church  and  convent,  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  Islam 
mosques,  Booddhist  temples,  and  temples  dedicated  to  Con- 
fucius (Koong-Foo-Tseu)  and  other  deified  mortals.  In 
the  national  college,  Han-lin-yuen,  above  mentioned,  all 
Chinese  learning  and  literature  are  concentrated,  and  it 
has  professors  of  Manchoo  and  Russian.  All  religions, 
though  some  of  them  are  proscribed,  share  the  honor  of 
being  sanctioned  within  its  precincts.  Among  the  other 
learned  and  scientific  institutions  of  note  are  the  medical 
college  and  the  astronomical  board.  About  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  the  city  is  an  imperial  park,  covering  at  least 
12  square  miles,  and  containing  30  palsices  of  the  emperor 
and  great  oflScers  of  the  state.  It  was  formerly  a  lovely 
spot,  but  was  utterly  demolished  by  the  allies  in  1860. 
Peking  has  a  large  printing  and  bookselling  trade,  and 
manufactories  of  colored  glass,  idols,  and  other  articles, 
but  its  inhabitants  chiefly  depend  for  subsistence  on  em- 
ployment connected  with  the  court.  On  October  30,  1860, 
it  was  taken  by  the  allied  British  and  French,  since  which 
date  ministers  of  these  two  nations  have  been  resident 
there,  and  subsequently  American,  German,  and  Russian 
legations  have  been  ^established.  The  Pei-Ho  is  navigable 
for  boats  to  within  20  miles  of  Peking,  and  communicates 
with  the  Grand  Canal,  by  which  most  of  the  provisions  for 
the  supply  of  the  city  are  conveyed.  The  principal  part 
of  the  provisions  required  comes  from  the  S.  provinces,  or 
from  the  N.  part  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  the  adjacent  plain  pro- 
ducing but  a  small  amount  of  the  food  demanded.  A  con- 
Riderable  portion  of  the  taxes  levied  upon  the  productions 
of  the  whole  empire  is  paid  in  kind,  and  is  here  stored  up ; 
the  amount  of  the  rice  alone  in  these  granaries  at  one  time 
of  the  year  is  enormous.  Peking  is  regarded  by  the  Chi- 
nese as  one  of  their  most  ancient  cities,  but  it  was  not 


made  the  capital  of  the  country  until  its  conquest  by  the 
Mongols,  about  1282. 

Pekini,  pi-kee'nee,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Scombi,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic 
Sea,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berat. 

Pe'kin  Jnnc'tion,  a  station  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
of  Peoria,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Eureka. 

Pe'ko,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Elko. 

Pel  ago,  pi'li-go,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  E.  of  Florence.  Pop.  9231,  who  manu- 
facture woollen  fabrics.  In  this  commune  is  Vallombrosa, 
formerly  the  richest  convent  in  Tuscany. 

Pelagosa,  pi-li-go'sft,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  mid- 
way between  the  promontory  of  Gargano  and  Dalmatia. 

PePahat'chee  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Rankin  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  25  miles  E, 
of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  school. 

Pelasgicus  Sinus,  ^gean  Sea.    See  Gulf  of  Volo. 

Pelestrina,  pi-lfis-tree'ni,  or  Palestrina,  p4-l5s- 
tree'nS.,  an  island  and  town  of  Italy,  government  of  Venice, 
the  island  extending  along  the  shore  of  the  Adriatic  7i 
miles,  and  having  at  its  S.  end  the  town  of  Pelestrina,  10 
miles  S.  of  Venice,  with  4000  inhabitants. 

Pel'etier's  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C. 

Pelew'  Islands,  a  group  in  the  W.  of  Micronesia. 
Lat.  7°  to  9°  N. ;  Ion.  130°  to  136°  E.  They  are  about  20 
in  number,  and  are  completely  encircled  by  reefs.  See  also 
Pellew  Islands. 

Pelham,  pel'am,  a  post-oflSce  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  <fc  North  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Pelham,  a  post- village  of  Mitchell  co.,  6a.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  naval  stores  and  lime. 

Pelliam,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a 
granite-quarry,  and  mineral  springs.    Pop.  of  township,  6.33. 

Pelham,  a  post-village  in  Pelham  township,  Hills- 
borough CO.,  N.H.,  on  Beaver  River,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Nashua,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Lowell,  Mass.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  The  township  haa 
granite-quarries  and  a  pop.  of  861. 

Pelham,  or  Pelhamville,  a  post-village  in  Pelham 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <t  New 
Haven  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  New  York.  It  haa  a 
church.  Its  post-oflSce  is  Pelham  Station.  The  township 
borders  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  contains  a  number  of 
elegant  country-seats.  Its  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3941. 

Pelham,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Caswell  co., 
N.C,  on  the  Rionmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Danville,  Va.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  township,  1560. 

Pelham,  a  post-oflSce  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn. 

Pelham  Ma'nor,  a  beautiful  village  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Harlem  River 
Branch  of  the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  New  York.  It  contains  a  church,  a  chapel  called 
Huguenot  Memorial,  and  many  elegant  villas. 

Pelham  Station,  New  York.    See  Pelham. 

Pelican,  pel'9-kan,  a  township  of  Otter  Tadl  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  306. 

Pelican  (pel'?-kan)  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia,  in  Princess  Charlotte  Bay.  Lat.  13°  SO* 
S.;  Ion.  143°  42'  E. 

Pelican  Lake,  a  post-oflBce  of  Otter  Tail  oo.,  Minn., 
on  Pelican  Lake,  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorhead. 

Pelican  Rapids,  a  post-oflSce  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn., 
on  Pelican  River. 

Pelican  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Otter  Tail  co., 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the  North 
about  3  miles  W.  of  Fergus  Falls.  It  is  the  outlet  of  Peli- 
can Lake  and  several  other  small  lakes. 

Peling,  piMing',  an  island  ofiF  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes. 
Length,  50  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Peling,  an  island  of  the  Yellow  Sea,  off  the  W.  coast 
ofCorea.     Lat.  13°  5' N.;  Ion.  125°  E. 

Pe-Ling  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  N.W.  of  China 
proper,  S.  of  the  Upper  Hoang-Ho  Valley. 

Pel  ion.  Mount,  Thessaly.     See  Zagora. 

P61issanne,  piMee^sinn',  a  market-town  of  France,  m 
Bouches-du-Rhftne,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1922. 

Pella,  pfil'ia,  a  ruined  town  of  Macedonia,  the  birth- 
place of  Alexander  the  Great.  Its  remains  are  traceable  fl 
miles  S.E.  of  Yenidje. 

Pel'la,  a  pcBt-oflSoe  of  Boulder  co..  Col. 


<d>. 


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I -r^JriJ*. 


PEL 


2130 


PEM 


Fella,  a  township  of  Ford  cc,  111.     Pop.  552. 

Pella,  a  post-town  in  Lake  Prairie  township,  Marion 
eo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Oskaloosa,  and  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines. 
Pella  contains  the  Central  University  of  Iowa  (Baptist), 
which  was  organized  in  1854,  9  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  foundry,  and  3  newspaper 
oflaces.  It  was  settled  by  the  Dutch.  Pop.,  including  the 
adjacent  villages  of  South  Pella  and  Southeast  Pella,  2536. 

Pella,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Fella,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pella  township,  Shawano  co., 
Wis.,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Appleton.  The  township 
is  drained  by  the  Embarras  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  466. 

Fellegrino,  pSl-li-gree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  4881. 

Fellegrne,  pSri^h-grii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qironde, 
32  miles  E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1707. 

Fellerin,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lk  Pellerin. 

Fel'lew  Islands  (Sir  Edward),  a  group  of  Australia, 
near  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  The  largest 
are  named  West  Island,  Southwest  Island,  North  Island, 
Centre,  and  Vanderlin  Island.  Lat.  15°  30'  8. ;  Ion.  137° 
2'  E.    See  also  Pelew  Islands. 

Fellonia,  Massac  co.,  111.    See  Brooklyn. 

Fells'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Railroad,  9  miles  E. 
of  Paxton.     It  has  a  church. 

Fell'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ey.,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  2  stores, 
and  4  tobacco-warehouses.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Fell  worm,  an  island  of  Prussia.     See  Pelworm. 

Felopounesus,  Greece.     See  Morea. 

Felorum  Fromontorium.    See  Cape  Faro. 

Felo'rns  Sound,  an  inlet  of  South  Island,  New  Zea- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  Cook  Strait.  It  extends  inland 
25  miles,  with  many  branches,  and  excellent  harbors. 

Felotas,  pi-lo't&s,  or  Sfto  Francisco  de  Faula, 
BdwNo  fr&n-sees'ko  Ah,  p5w'I&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Grande.     Pop.  2419. 

Felouse  River,  Idaho.     See  Palouse  River. 

Felso,  the  ancient  name  of  Balatont  Lake. 

Fel'ton,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines 
k  Minnesota  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Felton's  Corners,  Ontario.     See  South  Gower. 

Felu'siac  Branch,  an  ancient  arm  of  the  Nile,  at 
Its  delta,  entered  the  sea  at  Pelusium  (near  the  modern 
village  of  Tineh),  after  a  N.E.  course  of  120  miles.  It  is 
now  nearly  or  quite  filled  up. 

Fela'sium,  a  city  of  ancient  Egypt,  at  the  Pelusiao 
mouth  (anc.  Ostium  Peluaiacum)  of  the  Nile.  Its  remains 
consist  of  "  mounds  and  a  few  broken  columns,"  near  the 
Mediterranean  coast,  E.  of  Lake  Menzaleb. 

Fel'vereh  (anc.  Perre  f),  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Malateeyeh.  It  is  still,  as  in  antiquity, 
a  point  of  union  of  several  great  roads  from  Asia  Minor, 
Syria,  and  the  Euphrates. 

Felvoux,  pSPvoo',  a  mountain  of  France,  between  the 
departments  of  Hautes- Alpes  and  Isdre ;  lat.  44°  53'  56" 
N.,  Ion.  6°  24'  16"  E. ;  height,  13,442  feet. 

Felworm,  or  Fellworm,  pfil'^oRm,  an  island  of 
Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  in  the  North  Sea,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Nordstrand.     Area,  15  square  miles.     Pop.  2224. 

Femadum'cook,  a  lake  of  very  irregular  shape,  in 
the  E.  part  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Penobscot  River  below  Chesuncook  Lake. 

Femaquid',  a  post-village  in  Bristol  township,  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  near  the  sea,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  2  churches.  An  English  colony  waa  planted  on 
Pemaquid  Point,  near  this  village,  about  1630. 

Femba,  pfim'ba,  or  Huthera,  hoo'ti-r4\  an  island 
off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  the  Zanzibar  dominions,  30 
miles  N.  of  the  island  of  Zanzibar.  Lat.  of  E.  point,  4°  54' 
S. ;  Ion.  39°  53'  E.     Length,  35  miles. 

Femba,  a  country,  river,  and  town  of  Congo,  in  West 
Africa.     Lat.  of  town,  5°  S. ;  Ion.  14°  30'  E. 

Fem'berton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  about  34 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  ohtlrch  and  a  mill. 

Femberton,  a  post-borough  in  Pemberton  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  and  on  the  Cam- 
den &  Amboy  and  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroads,  25  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Camden,  6  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly,  and  22 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  797 ;  of  township,  2743. 

Pemberton,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Shelby 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Bellefontaine  with 
Sidney,  7  miles  E.  of  Sidney.  It  has  2  churches  and  the 
Pemberton  Academy.     Pop.  157. 


Femberton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  46  miles  above  Richmond.     It  has  a  mill. 

Pemberton  Ferry,  post-office,  Hernando  co.,  Fla. 

Fem'berville,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Portage  River,  and  on  the  Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad,  1 8 
miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, a  newspaper  office,  and  2  planing-mills.     Pop.  644. 

Pembina,  pem'bee-na,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
North  Dakota,  bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of 
about  1120  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Bed  River  of  the  North,  and  also  drained  by  the  Pembina 
River  and  Tongue  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  Wheat,  barley,  Indian  com,  and  live-stock 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, the  latter  of  which  connects  with  Pembina,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4862;  in  1890,  14,334. 

Pembina,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  oo.,  Ark. 

Pembina,  a  city,  capital  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pembina  River. 
Lat.  49°  N.;  Ion.  97°  5'  W.     Pop.  in  1890,  670. 

Pembina,  Manitoba.    See  West  Ltnne. 

Pembina  Lake  is  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
about  3  miles  from  the  S.  boundary  of  British  America. 
Length,  about  14  miles.     Its  outlet  is  the  Pembina  River. 

Pembina  River  issues  from  Pembina  Lake,  runs  east- 
ward, touching  at  several  points  the  northern  boundary  of 
North  Dakota,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the  North  at 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  Minnesota. 

Fern 'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hereford,  on 
the  Arrow,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Weobley.     Pop.  1535. 

Pembroke,  pdm'lir5dk,  or  Pembrokeshire,  pim'- 
brdfik-shjr,  a  maritime  county  and  the  westernmost  of 
South  Wales,  having  W.  and  N.  the  Irish  Sea,  and  S.  the 
Bristol  Channel.  Area,  estimated  at  615  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  89,125.  Surface  in  the  N.E.  mountainous: 
elsewhere  undulating.  Coast-line  bold  and  deeply  indented. 
Chief  bays,  Newport,  St.  Bride's,  and  Milford  Haven.  Prin- 
cipal river,  the  Teify.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  The 
principal  crops  are  wheat,  barley,  and  oats.  Butter,  cheese, 
and  a  fine  breed  of  black  cattle  are  extensively  exported. 
Anthracite  coal,  lime,  slate,  and  marl  are  plentiful.  Lead 
ore  is  also  found.  The  fisheries  are  valuable.  Chief  towns, 
Haverford  West,  St,  David's,  Pembroke,  and  Tenby.  The 
county,  exclusive  of  the  borough,  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Pembroke,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  oo.  of  Pembroke, 
on  a  creek  of  Milford  Haven,  210  miles  W.  of  London.  Pop. 
15,450.  The  town  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls,  a  part 
of  which  still  remains.  On  a  rooky  eminence  in  the  vicinity 
stand  the  remains  of  a  castle  of  unusual  strength  and  gran 
deur,  founded  in  the  eleventh  century  and  dismantled  in 
1649.  Pembroke  is  accessible  by  vessels  of  200  tons;  but 
the  shipping-trade  is  mostly  carried  on  1  mile  N.W.,  nt 
Pater,  wnere  is  its  dock-yard.  Since  the  year  1885  the 
borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Fem'broke,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  6  mile* 
N.E.  of  Saint  Anne. 

Pembroke,  a  post- village  of  Christian  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Hop- 
kinsville.  It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  tobacco- 
factory,  5  stores,  and  a  nursery.     Pop.  278. 

Pembroke,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  township, 
Washington  co..  Me.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Calais,  and 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Eastport.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  savings-bank,  and  the  works  of  the  Pembroke  Iron 
Company,  who  manufacture  iron  and  nails.  The  township 
borders  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2551. 

Pemoroke,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  h&a  a  town 
hall,  a  high  school,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  1399. 

Pembroke,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Suncook,  5  or  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  ar 
academy  and  a  church.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Concord  Railroad,  and  contains  part  of  a  larger  village, 
named  Suncook.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3172. 

Pembroke,  or  Rich'ville,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke 
township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tonawanda  &  Batavia 
Railroad,  at  Richville  Station,  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  flour -mill,  a  saw-mill,  <ic. 
Here  is  Pembroke  Post-Office.  The  township  is  interse<  ted 
by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  2856. 

Pembroke,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  112  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Pembroke,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  '•o  nt 


PEM 


2131 


PEN 


Renfrew,  on  AUumette  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  Ottawa 
River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Renfrew.  It  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  3  branch  banks,  several  stores,  hotels,  and 
churches,  a  foundry,  axe-factory,  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen- 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  Muskrat  River,  which 
Qows  through  the  town,  affords  water-power.  Pop.  1508. 
Pembroke  Dock,  South  Wales.  See  Pater. 
Pembrokeshire,  Wales.     See  Pembroke. 

Pfimes,  a  town  of  France.     See  Pesmes. 

Pemghau,  or  Pamghan.    See  Pughman. 

Pemidji  Lake,  Minnesota.    See  Traverse  Lake. 

PemigeAVasset,  pem^e-je-wSs'sit,  a  river  of  New 
Hampshire,  rises  among  the  White  Mountains  in  Grafton 
CO.,  runs  S.  to  Plymouth,  and  a  few  miles  below  this  place 
unites  with  the  Winnepesaukee  to  form  the  Merrimac  River. 

Pem'iscot,  a  lake  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Missouri, 
lies  in  the  S.  part  of  Pemiscot  co.,  scarcely  2  miles  from  the 
Mississippi  River,  from  which  it  probably  receives  supplies 
during  high  water.  It  communicates  with  Whitewater 
River  by  a  short  outlet.  Length,  about  18  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  5  or  6  miles. 

Pemiscot,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Missouri, 
borders  on  Arkansas.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  mostly  occupied  with  forests  and  swamps,  in 
which  the  cypress  abounds.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Gayoso,  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2059;  in  1880,  4299;  in  1890,  5975. 

Pemiscot,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  226. 

Pemmaqnid,  Maine.    See  Pemaquid. 

Pempelfort,  pfim'p§l-foRt*,  a  northern  suburb  of  Dus- 
seldorf,  Prussia,  with  a  palace  called  Jagerhof.     Pop.  4000. 

Pemuco,  pi-moo'ko,  a  village  of  Chili,  state  of  Nuble, 
35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chilian.     Pop.  881. 

Pen,  pfin,  or  Peno,  pi'no,  a  lake  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Tver,  S.W.  of  Ostashkov,  forming  the  source  of  the 
Volga.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  15  miles. 

Penacova,  pi-ni-ko'vi,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in 
Douro,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coimbra,  on  the  Mondego. 
Pop.  2728. 

Penafiel,  pi-ni-fe-Sl',  or  Arrifana  de  Sousa,  aR- 
Re-fi'nS,  di  s&'si,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho, 
on  the  Tamego,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  4015. 

Pefiafiel,  p5n-y8,-fe-Sr,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valladolid,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Douro  and  Duraton.  Pop.  3467.  It  has  manufactures  of 
coarse  worsted  stuffs  and  leather. 

Peflaflor,  p5n-yi-floR',  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2223. 

Peftalsordo,  pfin-yil-soR'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura,  province  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2270. 

Penalva  d'Alva,  pi-nil'vi  dil'vi,  a  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Beira,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1437. 

Penamacor,  pi-ni-mi-koR',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Castello  Branco.  It  is  walled,  and 
defended  by  a  strong  castle.     Pop.  2357. 

Pe^nang',  Pin^nang',  or  Prince  of  Wales' 
Island  (native,  PooVo-PtVnangr',  or  "Areca  Island," 
from  the  abundance  of  the  axeoa^rtree  on  it),  a  British  set- 
tlement in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  and  forming  one  of  the 
"  Straits  Settlements."  It  consists  of  an  island  situated  in 
about  lat.  5°  N.  and  Ion.  100°  E.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  the 
Malay  Peninsula,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  channel 
from  2  to  5  miles  across.  Length,  16  miles;  breadth,  11 
miles.  Area,  160  square  miles.  The  surface  is  densely 
wooded  and  highly  picturesque.  It  is  mountainous  in 
the  N.,  elsewhere  level  or  undulating.  The  climate  is 
healthy.  Temperature,  from  76°  to  90°  Fahr.  The  island 
is  well  adapted  to  raising  spices,  which  are  exported.  Cocoa- 
nuts,  areca,  gambier,  rice,  indigo,  cotton,  tobacco,  coffee, 
sugar,  betel,  and  ginger  are  the  other  principal  products, 
and  tin  is  found  at  the  base  of  the  mountains.  Its  trading 
connections  are  chiefly  with  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  Java, 
the  ports  of  the  XSSS53®"™  provinces,  the  islands  and 
W.  side  of  the  MalayPeoinsula,  and  Singapore.  Penang  is 
also  the  depot  for  the^tin  wrought  at  Junk-Ceylcuo  and 
places  in  the  Malay  Peninsula.~~Ttrs~capiial  onhe  island 
is  George  Town  (itself  often  called  Penang),  which  Ims  an 
excellent  harbor,  an  arsenal,  good  barracks,  and  civil  and 
convict  hospitals.  Pop.  of  the  island  about  76,000,  n^ostlj 
Malays  and  Chinese. 

Penantipode  Island,  Pacific.    See  Antipodes. 

Penaranda  de  Bracamonte,  pfin-yi-r4n'di  di 
bri-kJ-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Salamanca.  Pop.  4247.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  fabrics,  hats,  tape,  cord,  morocco,  and  shoes. 


Penaranda  de  Dnero,  p£n-y&-r&n'd&  di  doo-i'ro,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  S.6.E.  of  Burgos. 

Pen  Argyl,  ar'jil,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 
of  Bethlehem.     Pop.  672. 

Pefiaroya,  pfln-yi-ro'yi,  a  village  of  Spain,  prorinoe 
of  Aragon,  48  miles  from  Terael.     Pop.  1632. 

Pe&as  de  San  Pedro,  pin'yis  dA  s&n  pi'nro,  %  town 
of  Spain,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1962. 

Penawa'wa,  post-ofiBce,  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

Pen'bualt,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Brecon,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Builth.     Pop.  589. 

Penca'der,  hundred,  New  Castle  co.,  Del.    Pop.  2254. 

Penchant,  pfin*sh4nt',  a  bayou  of  Louisiana,  flows 
N.W.  from  Terre  Bonne  parish  into  Bayou  Chene. 

Pen'co,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  Bay  of  Concepcion,  a 
few  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  Concepcion.  Pop.  1213. 
Here  the  town  of  Concepcion  once  stood. 

Penco'ed,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  4  miles  B.N.E.  of  Bridg- 
end.    Pop.  623. 

Pen^coyd',  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Merion  township,  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Schuylkill,  opposite  Wissahickon  Station,  Philadelphia. 
Here  are  the  Pencoyd  Iron- Works,  consisting  of  2  rolling- 
mills  and  a  forge,  which  employ  about  500  men.  They 
manufacture  car-axles,  bar  iron,  Ac. 

Fencnn,  pSn'koon,  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  and 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2019. 

Pendar'vis,  post-office,  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macoo 
&  Brunswick  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Pend  d'Oreille,  Idaho.    See  Pend  Oreille. 

Pen'dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wichita. 

Penden'nis  Castle,  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  of  Falmouth  Harbor,  on  a  height  300 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  was  founded  by  Henry  VIII. 

Pen'der,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  is 
drained  by  the  Northeast  Cape  Fear  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  by  pine  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  produces  Indian  com,  cotton,  <fec. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad. 
Area,  800  square  miles. .>  Capital,  Burgaw.  Pop.  in  18S0, 
12,468;  in  1890,  12,614. 

Pender'ry,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Swansea.     Pop.  1767. 

Pendjsheher,  p§nj^shfih'h'r,  or  Pnnisheer,  piin-e- 
shair',  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  descends  from  the  S.  side 
of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles, 
joins  the  Cabool  River  on  the  left. 

Pen'dle- Hill,  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  2  miles  from 
Clitheroe.     Height  above  the  sea,  1800  feet. 

Pen'dleton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  2 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Manchester.  It  is  a  suburb  of  Salford, 
and  has  collieries  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  silk. 
Pop.  in  1891,  56,926. 

Fen'dleton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Licking 
River,  which  runs  S.E.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
black  walnut,  maple,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  cattle,  lumber,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  rock  found  next  to  the 
surface  is  Trenton  or  blue  limestone.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected from  W.  to  S.  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Falmouth,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,030 ;  in  1880,  16,702  ;  in  1890,  16,346. 

Pendleton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
Has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
oy  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  by  the 
North  and  South  Forks  of  the  same  Branch.  It  is  bounded 
K.W.  by  the  main  chain  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 
The  surface  is  also  diversified  by  another  ridge,  called 
Jackson's  Mountain,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  oak,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Maize, 
cattle,  wheat,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  CapiUil, 
Franklin.  Pop.  in  1870,  6455;  in  1880,  8022;  in  1890, 
8711. 

Pendleton,  a  post  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It 
nas  2  churches,  2  schools,  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Fall  Creek  township, 
Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Indianapolis  with  Anderson,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
the  former.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber,  and  a 
quarry  of  good  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  996. 


.-V' 


ir] 


^\^ 


PEN 


2132 


PEN 


Pendleton y  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railrotid,  33  miles  N.E. 
of  Louisville. 

Pendleton,  township,  St.  Pranoois  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  851. 

Pendleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  64  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Pendleton,  a  post- village  in  Pendleton  township,  Niag- 
ara CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Tonawanda  Creek  and  the  Erie  Canal, 
about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  Pop.  214.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  Lockport  &  Buffalo  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1676. 

Pendleton,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lit- 
tle Miami  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  near 
South  Pendleton  Post-OflSce. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Riley  township,  Putnam 
00.,  0.,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  145. 

Pendleton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Umatilla  co., 
Oregon,  near  the  Blue  Mountains,  and  about  300  miles  E. 
of  Salem.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sash-faclory.     P.  (1890)  2506. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Pendleton  township,  An- 
derson CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad,  138  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Columbia,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Walhalla.  It 
has  4  churches  and  2  academies.  Pop.  985;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2115. 

Pendleton,  or  Pendleton's,  a  post-ofiioe  and  sta- 
tion of  Louisa  CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
55  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  South  Nation  River,  40  miles  from  Ottawa.  It  contains 
2  stores  and  a  saw-mill.  Lead  and  plumbago  are  found  in 
the  vicinity ;  also  sulphur  and  saline  springs.     Pop.  100. 

Pendleton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Pendleton  township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lockport. 

Pendleton  Factory,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co., 
B.C.,  on  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Pendleton. 

Pendleton  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  oo.. 
Conn.,  about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church, 

Pendleton's  River,  Qeorgia,  rises  near  the  E.  border 
of  Laurens  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Great 
Ohoopee  River  in  Tatnall  co.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Reidsville. 

Pend  Oreille, oVeel'  (Fr.  pron.  pftNd  oVil'),  or  Kul'- 
Inspelm,  a  lake  in  the  northern  part  of  Idaho,  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  Clarke's  River,  near  lat.  48°  N.  It  is  about  35 
miles  long  and  8  miles  wide.  Clarke's  River  issues  from 
its  N.AV.  end. 

Pen'dryville,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Penedo,  p&-n&'do,  a  city  of  Bratil,  state  and  55  miles 
S.W.  of  Alagoas,  on  the  Sao  Francisco.  Pop.  of  the  district, 
14,000,  mostly  Indians. 

Penedono^i-ni-do'no,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
39  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  987. 

Penella,  pi-nfil'lft,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the 
Deu^a,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Coiiubra.     Pop.  3935. 

PenetanguishencjPenetangueshine,  or  Pen- 
etangashene,  pen^e-tang'gh^-sheen',  a  post-village  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Simcoe,  on  an  inlet  of  Lake  Huron,  32  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Barrie.  It  contains  the  Ontario  Reformatory 
Prison,  several  churches,  6  stores,  2  hotels,  a  tannery,  and 
several  saw-mills.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  1000. 

Peneus,  the  ancient  name  of  Salbubria. 

Pen'field,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo.,  Ga.,  about  80 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  contains  several  churches, 
the  Mercer  High  School,  and  1  or  2  flouring-mills.  P.  447. 

Penfield,  a  post-office  of  Champaign  co..  111. 

Penfield,  a  post-village  in  Penfield  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Irondequoit  Creek,  about  8  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Rochester,  and  li  miles  N.  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad.     It   has   3   or  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and   a 

Eaper-mill.  Pop.  about  500.  The  township  contains  a  vil- 
ige  named  East  Penfield,  has  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2880. 

Penfield,  a  post-village  in  Penfield  township,  Lorain 
CO.,  0.,  on  Black  River,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland, 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  about  250 ;  of  the  township,  749. 

Penfield,  or  Pennfield,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Val- 
ley Railroad,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  37 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
lumber,  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Penge,  pSnj,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  now  a 
suburb  of  London.  Almshouses  for  watermen  have  been 
erected  here,  and  here  is  the  Crystal  Palace.     Pop.  13,202. 

Penha,  pSn'yi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  on 
the  Itaguahj   Sfl  miles  S.W.  of  Minas-Novas.     Pop.  1000. 


Penha,  a  village  of  Brazil,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  island 
of  Itaparica,  opposite  the  town  of  Bahia. 

Pen'hook,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Peniche,  p&-nee'sh&,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Estremadura,  13  miles  W.  of  Obidos,  on  the  Atlantic  and 
the  S.  side  of  the  peninsula  of  Peniche.     Pop.  2963. 

Pen'ick,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Nashua  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Penicnick,  or  Pennycnick,  pfin'e-kUk',  a  burgh  of 
Scotland,  co.  and  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the 
North  Esk.  It  is  neatly  built,  ha£  a  fine  church  of  Grecian 
architecture,  a  powder-factory,  and  paper-mills.    Pop.  2157. 

Peni'el,  a  post-bamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  milea 
S.  by  E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Penig,  pi'niG,  a  town  of  Saxony,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  tne  Mulde.  Pop.  5950.  It  has  a  castle,  a  rolling- 
mill,  and  manofactures  of  paper,  machinery,  hosiery,  Ao. 

Penikese,  or  Penequeese,  pen-e-keees',  an  islet  of 
Massachusetts,  in  Buzzard's  Bay,  S.E.  of  New  Bedford,  haa 
an  area  of  about  100  acres.  Here  the  celebrated  Agassis 
opened  a  school  of  natural  history. 

Peninsula  (The),  an  abbreviation  for  the  Iberian  Pen- 
insula.    See  Spain. 

Penin'sula,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mioh. 
Pop.  667. 

Peninsula,  a  post- village  in  Boston  township,  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  24  miles 
S.  of  Cleveland,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Akron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  good  stone-quarry.  Canal- 
boats  are  built  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  562. 

Pefiiscola,  pin-yees'ko-li,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 

?rovinceand  38  miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.  Pop. 
506.  It  is  perched  on  a  rook  rising  240  feet  al>ove  the 
Mediterranean  and  connected  with  the  mainland  only  by  a 
narrow  strip  of  sand. 

Peflitas,  pen-yee't&s,  a  post-office  of  Nueces  oo.,  Tex. 

Penitentiary,  Kansas.    See  Lansing. 

Penjab,  the  "  five  rivers,"  of  India.     See  Pdnjab. 

Penjdeh,  a  camp  in  Khorassan.    See  Punj  Deen. 

Penjina,  pin-jee'n%  (?),  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  rises 
on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  Stanovoi  Mountains,  flows  S.B., 
and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Pe^jinsk,  after  a  course  of  about 
160  miles. 

Penjinsk',  a  small  town  of  East  Siberia,  on  the  Pen- 
jina,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Penjinsk,  an  inlet  of  the 
Sea  of  Okhotsk.     See  Gulf  of  Penjinsk. 

Penkau,  p£n'k5w,  or  Penknm,  p£n'k88m,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  17  miles  W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2019. 

Penk'ridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles  S.  of 
Stafford,  on  the  Penk,  an  affluent  of  the  Trent.  Pop.  2436. 
It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Roman  Pennocrucium. 

Penlim'mon,  a  name  sometimes  applied  to  a  moun- 
tain-range of  South  Wales. 

Penllyn,pen-lln',  a  post-hamlet  in  Gwynedd  township^ 
Mon^omery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Penmaen-MawT,  pfin-m&'^n-m5wR,  a  mountain  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Carnarvon,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Conway. 
Height,  1545  feet.  Its  summit  is  crowned  by  ancient  forti- 
fications. 

Pen'main,  a  hamlet  of  England,  in  Monmouthshire^ 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Newport.     Pop.  2744. 

Penmarch,  p6s"^maRsh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Fi- 
nist^re,  on  a  headland  in  the  Atlantic,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Quimper. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  111.    Pop.  428. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Stark  co..  111.     Pop.  1121. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1441. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1335 
contains  Annapolis. 

Penn,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4982. 
It  contains  Mishawaka. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Guthrie  oo.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 
It  contains  Osborne,  the  county  seat. 

Penn,  a  post-township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Niles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Lake 
Huron  Railroad.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Penn,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  1462. 

Penn,  a  township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  367. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1744. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1471. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.     Pop.  1242. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2685 


It 


Pop.  1531. 
Pop.  1678. 
Pop.  694. 
Pop.  769. 
Pop.  448. 


PEN 


2133 


PEN 


Pop.  1616. 
Pop.  837. 
Pop.  1168. 
Pop. 692.    Penn 


Pop.  639.     It 


Penii)  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Penii)  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa. 

PenU)  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa. 

PenU)  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 
Station  is  at  the  village  of  Kelton. 

Penn*  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa. 
♦ontains  Centreville  and  Pine  Grove. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1888. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1143. 

Penn,  a  post- township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Lancaster  City,  is  intersected  by  the  Reading 
<fc  Columbia  Railroad.  Pop.  1972.  Penn  Post-Ofi5ce  is  at 
Pennville,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Manheim. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  701. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1629. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1415. 

Penn,  or  Penn  Station,  a  post-borough  in  Penn 
township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  6  miles  W.  of 
Greensburg.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  820  j  of  the  town- 
ship, 2423.     Here  is  Penn  Station  Post- Office. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  676. 

Penua  di  Billi,  pdn'nd,  dee  bil'lee,  a  small  city  of 
Italy,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Urbino,  near  the  right  bank  of 
the  Marecchia.     Pop.  2536. 

Pen^nahatch'ee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  Flint 
River  near  Drayton,  in  Dooly  co. 

Pennar,  p5n-nar',  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  Mysore, 
and,  after  an  B.  course  through  the  districts  of  Bellary, 
Cuddapah,  and  Nellore,  enters  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  104 
miles  N.  of  Madras.     Length,  270  miles. 

Pennautier,  p8n^noHe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1100. 

Penne,  p£nn,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.     Pop.  1272. 

Penne,  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Tarn,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Aveyron,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Gaillac,     Pop.  2021. 

Penne,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Civita  di  Penne. 

Pen'nellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Midland  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego  City.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pennepack  Creek,  Pa.    See  Pennypack  Creek. 

Penu'field,  township,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1132. 

Pennfield,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    See  Penfield. 

Penn  For'est,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.     P.  5i04. 

Penn  Hall,  a  post-village  in  Gregg  township.  Centre 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Belief  on  te,  and  20  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  an  academy,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Penn  Ha'ven,  a  village  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  <fc 
Susquehanna  Railroads,  8J  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Penn  Haven  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 

Penn  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Goshen  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Pen'nigent,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  7  miles  N.  of  Settle.     Elevation,  2270  feet. 

Pennine  Alps,  Europe.     See  Alps. 

Pen'nington,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  South 
Dakota,  comprises  part  of  the  Black  Hills.  Area,  1521 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of  Chey- 
enne River.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Gold  is 
found  here.  Capital,  Rapid  City.  Pop.  in  1880,  2244;  in 
1890,  6540. 

Pennington,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township, 
Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Belvidere  division  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  and  on  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook 
Railroad,  35  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  8  miles  N.  of 
Trenton.  It  contains  3  churches,  the  Pennington  Institute, 
and  the  Pennington  Seminary.     Pop.  about  700. 

Pennington,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lovelady.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  600. 

Pennington  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough  oo., 
TIL,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Bushnell. 

Peuningtonville,  Chester  co.,  Pa.     See  Atglen. 

Pen'niston,  or  Penistone,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  on  the  Don,  and  on  the  Manchester  &  Sheffield 
Railway,  6i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  1549. 

Penn  Line,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  W.  boundary  of  the  state,  about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Meadville.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  tannery. 

Penn  Mine,  a  village  of  Keweenaw  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Grant  township,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calumet.     Here  is  a 


copper-mine,  which  employs  200  men  and  produces  80  tou 
of  copper  per  month. 

Penn  Rnn,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    See  Greentille. 

Penns'borongh,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  42  milea  E.  of  Parkera- 
burg.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Pennsborough  &  Harrison- 
ville  Railroad,  which  is  8  miles  long.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  tannery. 

Penns'burg,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Hanover  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Reading  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
East  Greenville,  and  20  miles  S.  of  AUentown.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  2  churches,  1  or  2  brick-kilns,  2  flour-mills, 
a  planing-mill,  a  pottery,  and  a  coach-factory.  One  Ger- 
man weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  about  700. 

Penns'bnry,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.   Pop.  767. 

Penn's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Centre  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Union  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  5  miles  below  Sunbury.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Penn's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  about 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Penn's  Dale,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    See  Pennsvillb. 

Penn's  Grove,  a  station  on  the  San  Francisco  A  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Petaluma,  Cal. 

Penn's  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Penn's  Neck 
township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  29  miles 
below  Camden,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  an  academy,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
ship-yard,  2  carriage-factories,  and  manufactures  of  lime. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2239. 

Penn's  Neck,  a  village  of  Mercer  oo.,  N.J.,  on  ths 
railroad  which  connects  Trenton  with  New  Brunswick, 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Penn's  Park,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Hartsville,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church,  a  coach-factory,  and  about  40  houses. 

Penn's  Square,  a  hamlet  of  Norriton  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  Norristown.  It 
is  i  mile  from  Hartranft,  on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad. 

Penn  Station,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.    See  Penn. 

Penn's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Reidsville,  N.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Penns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  New  Castle,  Del.,  and  about  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     Here  is  a  large  hotel. 

Pennsville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  28  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  Friends' 
meeting.     Pop.  189. 

Pennsville,  a  hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  W. 
of  Curwinsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Here 
is  Grampian  Hills  Post-Office. 

Pennsville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  oo  the 
Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  near  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Connellsville.  It  has  a 
tannery,  coke-works,  and  4  stores. 

Pennsville,  or  Penn's  Dale,  a  hamlet  in  Muncy 
township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Muncy  Creek  Rail- 
road, about  12  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  Friends' 
meeting.     Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Wolf  Run  Post-Office. 

Pennsylvania,  pSn-sil-vi'ne-a  (Fr.  Penavlvanie,  pin'- 
seelVi^nee' ;  Ger.  Pennsylvanien,  pin-sil-vi'ne-en),  one 
of  the  so-called  Middle  States  of  the  American  Union, 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Erie  and  New  York,  E.  by  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  S.  by  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  West 
Virginia,  and  W.  by  West  Virginia  and  Ohio.  Its  northern 
line  follows  the  parallel  of  42°  N.  lat.,  except  in  the  N.W. ; 
its  eastern  boundary  is  washed  throughout  by  the  Delaware 
River ;  on  the  S.  is  "  Mason  A  Dixon's  line,"  lat.  39°  13' 
N. ;  and  its  western  limit  is  80°  36'  W.  Ion.  It  is  called  the 
Keystone  State,  because  it  was  the  seventh  or  central  one 
in  order  of  the  original  thirteen  states.  Area,  45,215 
square  miles.  Maximum  length,  E.  and  W.,  316  miles ; 
breadth,  158  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  exceedingly  varied.  A  most 
conspicuous  feature  is  presented  by  the  parallel  ranges  of 
mountains  belonging  to  the  Appalachian  system  and  hav- 
ing a  quite  uniform  direction  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  The 
southeastern  triangle  of  the  state  is  a  very  beautiful  and 
fertile  region,  traversed  by  low  ridges,  of  which  the  most 
important  have  the  usual  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction.  Crossing 
the  rlflfee  known  locally  as  South  Mountain,  we  encounter 
the  North,  Blue,  and  Kittatinny  Mountains,  into  which 
merge  the  Second,  Peters,  Berry's,  Mauch  Chunk,  Maban- 
tango.  Sharp,  Locust,  Spring,  Buck,  Mahanoy,  Shamokin, 
Catawissa,  McCauley,  GTreen,  Peaked,  Stony,  Little  Lick. 
Big  Lick,  Bear  or  Short,  Broad,  Beaver  Meadow,  Nescopeck, 


PEN 


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PEN 


and  Great  Pocono  Mountains,  the  four  last-mentioned  bearing 
flat  table-lands  on  their  summits,  while  many  of  the  others 
are  sharp  ridges  with  rocky  sides.  The  Pocono  plateau  is 
a  cool  forest-region,  very  scantily  peopled,  but  it  is  believed 
to  have  agricultural  resources  of  importance.  The  Shaw- 
nee, Shickshinny,  and  Wyoming  Mountains  enclose  the 
Lackawanna  coal-field.  Most  of  the  above-mentioned 
ranges  between  the  Sharp  and  the  Wyoming  Mountains 
lie  in  or  traverse  the  anthracite  region  N.N.W.  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  anthracite  regions  are  generally  utterly  sterile 
and  forbidding ;  but  the  Wyoming  Valley  is  fertile  and  very 
beautiful.  Far  to  the  southwestward,  across  the  Susque- 
hanna, lies  the  rich  Cumberland  Valley,  between  the 
South  and  Blue  Mountains.  The  latter  mountain-ridge  is 
broken  by  five  water-gaps,  through  which  flow  the  Dela- 
ware, Lehigh,  Schuylkill,  Swatara,  and  Susquehanna.  To 
the  northwestward  we  encounter  a  complex  succession  of 
marvellously  uniform,  low,  narrow,  and  level-topped  sand- 
stone mountains  or  ridges,  separated  by  narrow  valleys, 
floored  with  limestone  and  shales,  and  crossing  the  whole 
state  in  the  usual  direction.  The  upper  part  of  the  Susque- 
hanna Valley,  on  both  of  its  main  forks,  presents  much  very 
beautiful  scenery.  To  the  S.W.  the  principal  mountain- 
ridges  westward  are  the  Tuscarora,  Shade,  Sideling,  Wills, 
Broad  Top,  Dunning's,  Little  Alleghany,  Savage,  Main 
Alleghany,  and  Negro  Mountains,  Laurel  Hill,  and  the 
Chestnut  and  Laurel  Ridges ;  and  W.  of  the  latter  comes 
the  very  fertile  valley  of  the  Monongahela,  covered  with 
gracefully-rounded  hills,  winding  valleys,  and  upland  glades. 
Northeastward  are  the  Mehoopany,  Bald  Eagle,  Wistar, 
Towanda,  and  many  other  ridges.  Northwest  of  this  region 
lies  the  elevated  forest  plateau  of  Elk,  Potter,  McEoan, 
and  Forest  cos.,  which  are  but  sparsely  peopled.  To  the 
westward  the  country  is  again  rich  and  populous. 

Geology  and  Minerals, — In  mineral  wealth  Pennsylvania 
stands  in  the  very  first  rank  among  the  states,  a  rank 
which  she  occupies  chiefly  by  reason  of  the  abundance, 
accessibility,  and  practical  usefulness  of  her  stores  of  coal, 
iron,  and  petroleum.  The  principal  geological  formations 
are  (1)  an  eozoic  or  Laurentian  ti-act,  covering  the  south- 
eastern angle  of  the  state,  limited  northwestward  by  a  line 
running  from  Trenton,  N.  J.,  to  Norristown,  thence  nearly 
to  Lebanon,  then  crossing  the  Susquehanna  N.  of  York,  and 
reaching  the  Maryland  line  a  few  miles  E.  of  Gettysburg. 
It  also  reappears  at  various  points  along  the  S.E.  base  of 
the  South  Mountain  ridge.  Its  principal  minerals  of 
economic  value  are  handsome  serpentine  for  building,  ores 
of  iron  and  chromium  combined,  nickel,  magnetic  iron, 
marble,  largely  quarried  for  use  in  Philadelphia  and  by 
some  referred  to  a  Silurian  epoch,  hematite,  dbo.  Corundum 
is  also  found  here.  Unlike  most  Laurentian  areas,  this 
tract  has  very  generally  a  fertile  soil.  (2)  A  triassic  belt, 
afibrding  useful  red  sandstone  for  building.  At  Phcenix- 
ville  is  a  mine  of  galena,  or  lead-sulphide,  associated  with 
copper  and  with  lead-phosphate,  its  veins  also  penetrating 
the  gneiss  or  Laurentian  strata.  (3)  The  Silurian  forma- 
tion, whose  limestones  enrich  the  Cumberland  Valley,  and 
whose  slates  are  quarried  for  roofing-slates  in  the  Lehigh 
and  Delaware  Valleys.  This  formation  also  afi'ords  useful 
brown  hematites.  (4)  The  anthracite  coal  region  and  all 
the  mountain  and  valley  districts  east  of  the  main  Alle- 
ghany ridge  present  a  great  variety  of  Silurian  and  Devo- 
nian strata,  their  original  relations  having  been  much  dis- 
turbed by  anticlinal  and  synclinal  folds,  by  denudation, 
and  other  causes.  The  anthracite  is  found  in  long,  narrow 
basins,  disposed  mainly  in  three  fields, — a,  the  Schuykill 
and  Mine  Hill  field  (coal  area,  146  square  miles) ;  h,  the 
Shamokin,  Mahanoy,  and  Lehigh  basins  (united  area,  128 
square  miles) ;  and  c,  the  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  coal- 
field (area,  198  square  miles) ;  total  area  of  anthracite  coal, 
472  square  miles.  This  excellent  coal  is  found  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Dauphin,  Carbon,  Schuylkill,  and  Luzerne,  and  to 
some  extent  in  Northumberland  and  Columbia  cos.,  while 
in  Sullivan  and  Wyoming  there  are  limited  areas  pro- 
ducing semi-anthracite.  Bradford,  Lycoming,  Tioga,  Hun- 
tingdon, Centre,  Clearfield,  Fulton,  and  Bedford  cos.  have 
(mostly  detached)  fields  of  the  highly  valued  semi-bitumin- 
ous coal.  Passing  the  main  Alleghany  ridge,  we  at  once 
enter  the  great  bituminous  coal-fields,  which  cover  a  very 
large  part  of  Pennsylvania,  every  county  but  one,  after 
crossing  the  main  Alleghany,  yielding  more  or  less  bitu- 
minous coal.  Erie  co.,  and  the  24  eastern  and  southeastern 
counties  which  we  have  not  named,  have  no  coal  whatever. 
Mercer  co.  affords  a  block  coal,  or  semi-cannel,  of  peculiar 
excellence  as  a  furnace-coal.  Southwestern  Pennsylvania 
belongs  to  the  upper  coal  measures  (including  the  great  Pitts- 
burg seam  and  the  Waynesburg  coal) ;  but  most  of  the  other 


mines  of  the  state  are  in  the  lower  measures.  It  is  o^tn- 
ceded  that  the  anthracites  were  once  bituminous,  but  have 
been  metamorphosed  under  the  influence  of  heat  and  press- 
ure. In  1890  Pennsylvania  produced  45,544,970  tons  ol 
anthracite,  valued  at  $65,718,165,  and  36,174,089  tons  of 
bituminous  coal,  valued  at  $27,953,215 ;  total,  81,719,059, 
valued  at  the  mines  at  $93,671,380.  Other  products  of  the 
coal  measures  are  fire-clay  and  clay-ironstone.  The  Upper 
Devonian  strata  afford  abundance  of  petroleum,  as  well  as 
of  salt,  which  is  obtained  by  evaporating  the  strong  brines 
reached  by  artesian  borings.  The  greatest  annual  yield 
of  petroleum  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  fields  was 
30,053,500  barrels,  in  1882 ;  in  1890  the  yield  was  21,486,403 
barrels.  The  counties  of  Venango,  Butler,  McKean,  Wash- 
ington, and  Clarion  afford  most  of  the  petroleum,  and  iron 
ore  is  found  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  state.  The  iron 
product  of  1890  was  4,712,511  tons  of  pig  and  2,768,253  of 
steel  of  different  kinds.  The  yearly  salt  product  is  not  far 
from  1,000,000  bushels,  but  it  has  exceeded  12,000,000  in 
some  years.  Zinc  is  mined  at  Friedensville  and  Bethlehem. 
The  principal  medicinal  springs  are  at  Bedford,  York, 
Doubling  Gap,  Ephrata,  and  Yellow  Springs.  In  Western 
Pennsylvania  the  gas  from  natural  gas-wells  is  utilized  as 
a  source  of  heat  and  light.  Handsome  black  limestone  ii 
quarried  at  Williamsport. 

Rivers,  &c. — The  principal  rivers  are  the  Delaware  (navi 
gable  for  large  ships  to  Philadelphia  and  for  smaller  craft 
to  Trenton,  N. J.,  and  to  Easton ;  principal  branches,  the 
Lackawanna,  Lehigh,  and  Schuylkill,  the  two  latter  afford- 
ing slack-water  navigation);  the  Susquehanna,  which  is 
adapted  to  the  flotation  of  rafts  and  arks,  and  whose  banks 
have  been  canalled ;  it  is  formed  by  the  union  of  its  East 
and  West  Branches;  the  Juniata  is  its  main  tributary;  the 
Ohio,  whose  constituent  streams  are  the  Alleghany  and 
Monongahela,  and  among  their  tributaries  the  Conemaugh 
and  Youghiogheny  are  of  principal  importance.  The  Ohio 
and  its  main  head-streams  afford  a  great  deal  of  navigation 
during  good  stages  of  water. 

Agriculture. — Pennsylvania  occupies  a  very  prominent 
position  as  an  agricultural  state.  There  is  comparatively 
little  land  in  the  state  which  might  not  be  rendered  useful. 
The  "serpentine  barrens"  which  traverse  the  fertile  south- 
eastern counties,  a  good  part  of  the  anthracite  coal  country, 
and  many  steep  and  inarable  mountain-sides,  seem  hope- 
lessly unproductive;  but  the  desolate  "Shades  of  Death," 
or  Pocono  region,  has  been  pronounced  by  high  authority 
to  afford  the  best  of  soils  for  oats,  timothy,  and  clover,  and 
for  the  grazing  of  long-woolled  sheep.  The  northern  up- 
land counties  have  very  generally  a  thin,  cold  soil,  and  are 
liable  to  summer  frosts,  but  they  are  well  adapted  to  grazing 
and  to  the  growth  of  timber.  But  after  making  all  possi- 
ble allowances  for  waste  lands  there  remains  an  immense 
body  of  agricultural  land  of  the  highest  excellence.  The 
Cumberland,  Wyoming,  and  Lebanon  Valleys,  the  beau- 
tiful grain-producing  and  wool-growing  counties  of  the 
S.W.,  the  admirable  pastoral  soils  of  the  N.W.,  the  skil- 
fully managed  farms  of  Lancaster,  Chester,  Delaware, 
Montgomery,  Bucks,  Berks,  Lehigh,  and  Northampton 
counties,  and  the  limestone  soils  of  most  of  the  mountain- 
valleys,  more  than  compensate  for  the  acreage  of  waste 
lands.  Pennsylvania  excels  in  dairy  and  market-garden 
products,  in  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wool,  tobacco,  fruit, 
potatoes,  hay,  live-stock,  and  indeed  in  all  the  agricultural 
staples  of  the  Northern  states.  In  some  years  she  has  pro- 
duced grain,  hay,  potatoes,  and  tobacco  to  the  aggregate 
value  of  nearly  $116,000,000 ;  and  it  is  safe  to  suppose  that 
her  wool,  pork,  beef,  fruit,  milk,  garden  and  dairy  products, 
and  the  increase  of  flocks  and  herds,  more  than  double  that 
value.  Many  inarable  hill-sides  are  finely  adapted  to  vine- 
growing.  Northern  Pennsylvania  affords  great  amounts 
of  pine,  spruce,  and  hemlock  timber  and  tanners'  bark.  In 
the  N.E.  there  are  extensive  beech  forests.  Oak  of  many 
species,  the  sugar  and  other  maples,  ash,  hickory,  elm, 
tulip-tree,  black  and  white  walnut,  and  many  other  useful 
trees  abound ;  and  Pennsylvania  ranks  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing states  in  the  lumber-trade.  Williamsport  and  Lock 
Haven  are  principal  seats  of  this  industry. 

Manufactures. — In  this  department  of  industry  the  state 
is  one  of  the  foremost  in  the  Union.  The  iron  industry, 
centres  at  Pittsburg,  Alleghany,  Harrisburg,  Reading,! 
Scranton,  &c.,  but  is  carried  on  largely  in  many  of  thM 
smaller  towns  and  cities.  Pittsburg  is  also  one  of  th«j 
principal  glass-making  towns  in  the  United  States,  andj 
turns  out  immense  quantities  of  machinery,  castings,  naila^j 
hardware,  etc.  Philadelphia  has  a  great  variety  of  pro-j 
ductive  industries,  and  is  one  of  the  world's  great  manufao«  1 
turing    centres.     Agricultural    implements,    boots,   shoe%j 


PEN 


2135 


PEN 


brass  goods,  brick,  beer,  cars,  carriages,  cooperage,  ohemi- 
eals,  coke,  charcoal,  cheese,  cement,  clothing,  cutlery,  car- 
pets, cordage,  cottons,  flour,  fertilizers,  furniture,  glue,  gun- 
powder, hats,  hosiery,  jewelry,  leather,  lumber,  lime,  distilled 
liquors,  paints,  paper,  pottery,  refined  oil,  refined  sugar, 
saddlery,  sewing-silk,  ships,  saws,  soap,  tobacco,  woollens, 
and  worsted  goods  are  among  the  leading  manufactured  ar- 
ticles which  Pennsylvania  produces  on  a  large  scale. 

Commerce. — The  Delaware  River  affords  a  channel  of 
commerce  deep  enough  for  ships  of  the  largest  class,  and 
Philadelphia,  on  that  river,  is  one  of  the  principal  seats  of 
foreign  and  coastwise  trade.  Grain,  provisions,  petroleum, 
tobacco,  oil-cake,  lumber,  tallow,  hides,  leather,  shoes,  cot- 
ton, machinery,  and  coal  are  the  principal  exports.  Ken- 
sington and  Chester  are  important  seats  of  ship-building. 
Erie,  on  Lake  Brie,  and  Pittsburg,  on  the  Ohio,  are  also 
great  commercial  centres.  For  the  year  ending  December 
31,  1890,  the  imports  at  the  several  customs  districts  of  the 
state  aggregated  $45,722,689  in  value,  of  which  Philadel- 

fhia  received  goods  to  the  value  of  $45,021,348,  Pittsburg 
608,709,  and  Erie  $92,630.  The  exports  for  the  same  year 
amounted  to  $28,018,942  in  value,  of  which  the  amount  of 
$28,012,789  is  credited  to  the  port  of  Philadelphia  and 
$6063  to  the  port  of  Erie. 

Railroads. — The  "Switchback"  Railroad  at  MauchChunk, 
opened  in  1826,  was  followed  by  a  number  of  other  coal 
roads;  and  in  1834  the  Philadelphia  &  Columbia  (82  miles) 
and  the  Portage  Railroad  (36  miles)  were  opened,  having 
been  built  at  the  expense  of  the  state.  In  1835  there  were 
265  miles  in  the  state;  in  1846,  840  miles;  in  1850,  1240 
miles;  in  1855,  1800  miles;  in  1860,  2598  miles;  in  1866, 
3728  miles;  in  1870,4656  miles;  in  1875,  5868  miles;  in 
1880,  6243  miles;  in  1885,  7746  miles,  and  in  1890,  8700 
miles,  exclusive  of  double  and  side  tracks.  Two  great 
corporations  (the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Reading  Railroad)  own,  lease,  or  otherwise  control 
a  very  large  number  of  minor  lines. 

The  CanaU  of  Pennsylvania,  which  formerly  extended 
more  than  1000  miles,  have  been  in  part  abandoned,  in 
consequence  of  the  introduction  of  railroads.  But  for  the 
transportation  of  coal  and  heavy  freights  the  canals  are 
still  profitably  employed.  A  large  part  of  the  state  debt, 
noticed  below,  was  contracted  in  canal-construction. 

Finances. — The  state  debt  December  1,  1889,  amounted 
to  $13,856,971.28,  of  which  $9,766,179  was  covered  by 
sinking  funds.  During  the  following  year  a  further  reduc- 
tion of  $1,507,051  was  made,  leaving  a  net  indebtedness  of 
$2,583,741.28.  In  1890  the  value  of  taxable  property  was 
put  at  $2,592,841,032.  The  estimated  ordinary  revenue  for 
1890  was  $8,625,919.10,  expenses  $8,168,861.18. 

Counties. — Pennsylvania  has  67  counties :  Adams,  Alle- 
ghany, Armstrong,  Beaver,  Bedford,  Berks,  Blair,  Bradford, 
Bucks,  Butler,  Cambria,  Cameron,  Carbon,  Centre,  Chester, 
Clarion,  Clearfield,  Clinton,  Columbia,  Crawford,  Cumber- 
land, Dauphin,  Delaware,  Elk,  Erie,  Fayette,  Forest, 
Franklin,  Fulton,  Greene,  Huntingdon,  Indiana,  Jefferson, 
Juniata,  Lackawanna,  Lancaster,  Lawrence,  Lebanon,  Le- 
high, Luzerne,  Lycoming,  McKean,  Mercer,  Miflflin,  Mon- 
roe, Montgomery,  Montour,  Northampton,  Northumber- 
land, Perry,  Philadelphia,  Pike,  Potter,  Schuylkill,  Snyder, 
Somerset,  Sullivan,  Susquehanna,  Tioga,  Union,  Venango, 
Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Westmoreland,  Wyoming, 
and  York. 

The  principal  Cities  and  Boroughs  are  Philadelphia,  the 
largest  city  in  the  state,  and  the  third  in  the  Union  (pop. 
in  1890,1,046,964);  Harrisburg,  the  capital  (39,385);  Pitts- 
burg (pop.  in  1880,  156,389;  in  1890,  238,617);  Alleghany, 
a  city  adjoining  Pittsburg  (105,287),  Scranton  (75,215), 
Reading  (58,661),  Erie  (40,634),  Wilkes-Barre  (37,718), 
Lancaster  (32,011),  Altoona  (30,337),  Williamsport  (27,132), 
Allentown  (25,228),  Johnstown  (21,805),  York  (20,793), 
McKeesport  (20,741),  Chester  (20,226),  Norristown  (19,791), 
■while  Ashland,  Bellefonte,  Bethlehem,  Bristol,  Butler,  Car- 
bondale,  Carlisle,  Chambersburg,  Columbia,  Corry,  Dan- 
ville, Easton,  Franklin,  Greensburg,  Greenville,  Honesdale, 
Huntingdon,  Lebanon,  Lock  Haven,  Mahanoy,  Mauch 
Chunk,  Meadville,  New  Castle,  Oil  City,  Pittston,  Potts- 
ville,  Shamokin,  Sharon,  St.  Clair,  Tamaqua,  Titusville, 
Towanda,  Tyrone,  Union  City,  Warren,  Washington,  and 
scores  of  other  towns  are  populous  and  thriving  basiness 
centres. 

Government,  dbc. — The  present  constitution  was  adopted 
in  1873.  The  governor  is  chosen  for  the  term  of  4  years. 
The  general  assembly  consists  of  a  senate  of  50  members, 
chosen  for  four  years,  and  a  house  of  200  representatives, 
chosen  for  2  years.  Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  to 
serve  for  fixed  terms.    Voters  must  have  resided  in  the 


state  1  year  and  in  the  election  district  2  months  next  be- 
fore the  election.  The  state  sends  32  repreeentativea  to  the 
lower  house  of  Congress,  and  haa  34  electoral  votes. 

Public  Institutions. — The  state  has  penitentiaries  at  Alle- 
ghany, Huntingdon,  and  Philadelphia ;  a  large  number  of 
county  and  city  prisons,  jails,  and  houses  of  oorrection; 
reformatories  at  Philadelphia  and  Morganea;  insane  hos- 
pitals at  Harrisburg,  Danville,  Warren,  Norristown,  and 
Dixmont,  besides  several  private  and  incorporated  insane 
retreats ;  an  institution  for  feeble-minded  youth  at  Media ; 
institutions  for  the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes  at  Philadel- 
phia ;  and  a  large  number  of  public  and  private  hospitals, 
orphanages,  dispensaries,  and  other  charitable  institutions. 

Education. — Although  Penn's  frame  of  govemment(  1682) 
directed  the  establishment  of  public  schools,  and  the  free 
education  of  the  children  of  the  poor  was  subsequently 
provided  for  by  statute,  the  public  school  system  of  Phila- 
delphia was  not  in  operation  before  1818,  and  the  first 
common-school  law  for  the  state  was  enacted  in  1834; 
and  then  and  thereafter  the  system  met  with  much  oppo- 
sition. At  present  the  school  system  is  very  effective. 
There  are  state,  county,  city,  and  borough  superintendents 
of  public  instruction,  and  district  and  other  local  super- 
visors and  directors.  Women  are  eligible  to  educational 
offices.  Education  is  not  compulsory.  The  principal  cities 
and  boroughs  have  high  and  graded  schools,  and  in  some 
of  the  towns  some  amount  of  free  industrial  and  technical 
training  is  provided  for.  There  are  state  normal  schools  at 
Bloomsburg,  California,  Clarion,  Edinborough,  Erie,  In- 
diana, Kutztown,  Lock  Haven,  Mansfield,  Millersville, 
Sagamore,  Shippensburg,  and  West  Chester,  and  a  large 
city  normal  school  for  girls  at  Philadelphia.  Institu- 
tions of  collegiate  and  university  rank  are  sustained  at 
Allentown,  Annville,  Carlisle,  Chester,  Easton,  Freeland, 
Gettysburg,  Greenville,  Haverford,  Lancaster,  Latrobe, 
Lewisburg,  Loretto,  Lower  Oxford,  Meadville,  Mercers- 
burg,  Myerstown,  New  Wilmington,  Philadelphia  (4), 
Pittsburg,  South  Bethlehem,  Swarthmore,  Villanova,  Wash- 
ington, and  Waynesburg,  not  including  the  celebrated 
Girard  College  for  orphans,  at  Philadelphia,  or  the  state 
college  in  Harris  township.  Centre  co.  (free  to  youths  of 
either  sex),  where  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts  receive 
special  but  not  exclusive  attention.  There  are  also  female 
colleges  at  Allentown,  BrynMawr,  Chambersburg,  College- 
ville,  Mechanicsburg,  Pittsburg,  and  York,  and  many  pro- 
fessional and  technical  schools  of  high  grade,  including  16 
or  more  theological  seminaries. 

History. — Pennsylvania  was  colonized  by  William  Penn, 
the  first  patentee  and  proprietor,  in  1681.  The  early  Quaker 
settlers  found  at  Wicaco,  now  Philadelphia,  a  prosperous 
Swedish  settlement.  The  province  until  1699  embraced  what 
is  now  Delaware;  and  until  1776  the  two  colonies  had  the 
same  governor.  The  Maryland  line  ("Mason  and  Dixon's 
line")  was  established  in  1767,  and  thus  closed  one  intercolo- 
nial contest ;  but  the  Connecticut  charter  covered  Northern 
Pennsylvania,  and  for  years  the  Wyoming  Valley  and  its 
vicinity  was  the  scene  of  conflicts  between  the  adherents 
of  the  two  colonies,  and  blood  was  shed  on  many  occasions. 
These  difficulties  were  adjusted,  by  the  aid  of  the  general 
government,  in  1787.  Pennsylvania  was  the  scene  of  many 
important  events  during  the  Revolution.  In  1794  occurred 
the  "  whisky  rebellion,"  which  was  suppressed  without 
bloodshed.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  the  important  battle 
of  Gettyslaurg  was  fought  in  this  state  (1863),  and  a  year 
later  Chambersburg  was  burned  by  Confederate  forces. 

Population.— In  1790,  434,373;  in  1800,  602,365;  in 
1810,810,091;  in  1820,  1,047,507;  in  1330,  1,348,23.'?;  in 
1840,  1,724,033;  in  1850,  2,311.786;  in  1860,  2,906.215:  in 
1870,  3,621,951;  in  1880,4,282,891;  in  1890,  5,258,014. 
Besides  the  original  Swedish  and  English  immigrations,  the 
northeastern  counties  were  very  largely  peopled  from  Con- 
necticut, and  the  southeastern  and  central  sections  by  Swiss 
and  Germans  of  the  Palatinate,  whose  peculiar  and  now 
much  modified  dialect  of  the  German  is  still  extensively 
spoken,  and  is  known  as  "Pennsylvania  Dutch."  Many 
Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians  also  settled  here  in  colonial 
times;  and  of  late  there  have  been  large  immigrations  of 

Germans,   Irish,  and  others. Inhab.  Pknnsyltaniax, 

pin*sil-vA'ne-an. 

Pennsylvania,  a  township  of  Mason  oo..  111.  Pop. 
932.     It  contains  Teheran. 

Pennsylvania  House,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Irvine. 

Penn  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  and  • 
station  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Philadelphia  wHh 
Trenton,  3i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trenton. 


PEN 


2136 


PEN 


PennTille^  Jay  co.,  Ind.     See  Cauden. 

Penn'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sallivan  co.,  Mo.,  about 
64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pennville)  Lancaster  co..  Pa.     See  Penn. 

Penn  Yau^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y., 
is  situated  at  the  outlet  and  northern  end  of  Eeuka  Lake, 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Elmira,  and  53  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  is  partly  in 
Benton  township  and  mostly  in  Milo.  Steamboats  ply 
daily  between  this  place  and  Hammondsport,  at  the  head 
of  the  lake.  Penn  Yan  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
an  academy,  2  banks,  2  fiouring-mills,  2  foundries,  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  threshing-machines,  lumber,  sash, 
blinds,  Ac,  and  3  newspaper  oflBces.     Pop.  (1890)  4254. 

Pennycuick,  a  town  of  Scotland.     See  Pekicuick. 

Penny  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.O.,  on  Tar 
River,  19  miles  from  Tarborough. 

Pen'nypack,  a  station  in  Philadelphia  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Kensington. 

Pennypack  (or  Pennepack)  Creek,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Pennsylvania,  flows  through  the  N.  part  of  Phila- 
delphia CO.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  near  Holmes- 
burg.     It  furnishes  water-power  for  several  large  factories. 

Pen'nyville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  111. 

Peno,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Pen. 

Pe'no,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2160. 

Penob'scot,  a  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Somerset  oo., 
near  the  frontier  of  Canada,  and  runs  eastward  to  Piscataquis 
00.,  where  it  expands  into  a  long  lake  named  Chesuncook. 
From  this  lake  it  runs  southeastward  into  Penobscot  oo.  A 
small  stream,  called  Seboois  River,  or  the  East  Branch  of  the 
Penobscot,  enters  the  main  river  near  the  middle  of  Penob- 
scot 00.  The  upper  part  of  the  Penobscot  River  is  sometimes 
called  the  West  Branch.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Seboois 
its  general  direction  is  S.S.W.  It  intersects  Penobscot  co., 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Hancock  and  Waldo, 
and  enters  Penobscot  Bay,  a  large  inlet  of  the  ocean.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  300  miles.  The  tide  ascends  to  Ban- 
gor, which  is  the  largest  town  on  this  river  and  is  about  60 
miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to 
Bangor,  and  for  small  steamboats  above  that  place.  This 
river  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade  in  lumber,  which  is  pro- 
cured on  its  banks. 

Penobscot,  a  county  of  Maine,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  3332  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Penobscot  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Piscata- 
quis, Seboois,  Mattawamkeag,  and  Kenduskeag  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous  lakes, 
among  which  are  Seboois,  Mattagamon,  Millinokett,  and 
Twin  Lakes,  and  extensive  forests  of  pine,  ash,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Mount  Katahdin  rises  in  Piscata- 
quis county,  not  far  from  the  western  border  of  Penobscot 
county.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  farms,  and  lumber  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick  <fe  Boston  Branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
road, several  branches  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
and  the  Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad.  Capital,  Bangor. 
Pop.  in  1870,  75,150;  in  1880,  70,476;  in  1890,  72,865. 

Penobscot,  a  post-village  in  Penobscot  township, 
Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  an  inlet  which  opens  into  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Bangor,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Cas- 
tine.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.  The 
township  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  pre- 
sents beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1418. 

Penobscot,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Wilkesbarre. 

Penobscot  Bay,  Maine,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  N.  to  Belfast  and  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Penobscot  River.  It  is  35  miles  long,  including  the 
N.  part,  called  Belfast  Bay,  and  20  miles  wide.  It  encloses 
numerous  islands  and  affords  good  harbors. 

Penob'squis,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  51  miles  from  St.  John. 
It  contains  3  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  several  salt-wells,  and 
has  manufactories  of  paper,  leather,  carriages,  <fcc.  Pop.  400. 

Peno'kee,  a  station  in  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Peno'la,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Caroline  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  A  Potomac  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Penomping,  and  Penompein.    See  Pnohpenh. 

Pefton  de  Velez,  pSn-yon'  di  vi'lSth,  a  fortified 
Spanish  islet  and  town  in  the  Mediterranean,  80  miles  S.E. 
of  Ceuta,  near  the  African  coast.  It  has  a  convict-prison, 
magazines,  and  a  small  and  shallow  harbor. 


Pen'pont,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  mile* 
N.N.W.  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Scaur.  Pop.  632.  In  the 
parish  are  numerous  Roman  antiquities. 

Pen'rhyn  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  9°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  157°  35'  W.  They  are  densely  wooded 
and  populous. 
Penrhyn,  Port,  Wales.  See  Port  Pexbhyn. 
Penrith  (often  pronounced  pee'rith),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Cumberland,  at  the  junction  of  several  rail- 
ways, 15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carlisle.  Pop.  8981.  The  town 
is  neat,  and  has  a  church,  a  grammar-school  founded  by 
Queen  Elizabeth,  a  county  court-house,  house  of  correc- 
tion, workhouse,  an  assembly-room,  museum,  subscription 
library,  the  remains  of  a  castle  built  during  the  wars  of 
the  Roses,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  woollen,  and  linen 
goods.  The  vicinity  is  rich  in  striking  scenery  and  ancient 
remains,  comprising  Brougham  and  Eden  Halls,  Dacre 
Castle,  and  various  British  antiquities. 

Pen^ryn',  a  borough  of  England,  oo.  of  Cornwall,  at 
the  head  of  Falmouth  harbor,  and  almost  adjoining  Fal- 
mouth on  the  N.W.     Pop.  3679.     It  has  a  custom-house. 

Pen^ryn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  from  the  Alabaster  Cave. 
Pensa,  a  town  and  government  of  Russia.  See  Penza. 
Pensaco'Ia,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  Escam- 
bia CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Pensacola  Bay,  about  10 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  50  miles  direct  S.E. 
of  Mobile.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Pensacola 
division  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  which 
connects  with  the  Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad  at  Pen- 
sacola Junction  (Flomaton) ;  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the 
Peusacola  t  Perdido  Railroad,  extending  to  Millview,  on 
Perdido  Bay  ;  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Pensacola,  Ala- 
bama <k  Tennessee  Railroad,  and  the  western  terminus  of 
the  Pensacola  <fc  .\tlantio  Railroad.  The  harbor  has  24 
feet  of  water  on  the  bar,  and  is  one  of  the  safest  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  The  entrance  of  it  is  defended  by  Fort  Pickens 
and  Fort  Barrancas.  Pensacola  has  a  custom-house,  a  con- 
vent, 20  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  several  saw- 
mills. Steamers  ply  regularly  between  Pensacola  and 
Mobile  and  Havana.  Pop.  in  1880,  6845;  in  1890,  11,750. 
The  Pensacola  navy-yard  is  at  Warrington,  7  miles  to  sea- 
ward of  the  town. 

Pensacola,  a  post-township  of  Yanoey  oo.,  N.C.,  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Marion.     Pop.  319. 

Pensacola  Bay,  Florida,  an  inlet  which  extends  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  into  Santa  Rosa  co.  It  is  landlocked, 
and  forms  a  safe  harbor,  the  entrance  of  which  has  about 
20  feet  of  water  on  the  bar.  It  is  sheltered,  and  partly 
separated  from  the  gulf  by  Santa  Rosa  Island. 

Pensacola  Junction,  Alabama.    See  Whiting. 
Pensaukee,  pen-saw'kee,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin, 
runs  eastward  through  the  S.  part  of  Oconto  co.,  and  enters 
Green  Bay  about  4  miles  S.  of  Oconto. 

Pensankee,  a  post-village  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  in  Pen- 
saukee township,  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, and  on  Green  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pensaukea 
River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Oconto.  It  has  a  church,  1  or  2 
saw -mills,  and  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  of  township,  1281. 

Pensauken,  pen-saw'k^n,  a  village  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Burlington  Counties  Railroad, 
i  mile  E.  of  Merchantville. 

Pensauken  Creek,  New  Jersey,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Burlington  and  Camden,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  5  miles  above  the  city  of  Camden. 

Pens'nett,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  2 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Dudley.     Pop.  5345. 

Pen'tecost  Island,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
one  of  the  Cumberland  group,  off  East  Australia.  Lat.  20° 
23'  10"  S.;  Ion.  148°  59'  30"  E. 

Pentecost  (or  Whitsunday)  Island,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  New  Hebrides.     Lat.  15°  59'  S.;  Ion.  168°  19'  E. 

Pentelicus,  pfin-til'e-kus,  Penteli,  pfin-ti'lee,  or 
Mendeli,  min-da'lee,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  Attioajij 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  rises  to  3640  feet  above  the  se 
It  contains  quarries  of  white  marble,  greatly  renowned. 

Pentenisia,  or    Pentenesia,    pfin-ti-nee'se-&,  a' 
group  of  islets  in  the  Gulf  of  .ffigina,  Greece,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  ^gina. 

Pentima,  p8n-tee'mi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  2416. 

Pent'land  Firth,  a  sound  dividing  continental  Scot 
land  from  the  Orkney  Islands,  and  connecting  the  Atlanti 
and  German  Oceans.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  17  miles j 
breadth,  from   6  to  8  miles.     Its  navigation  is  the  mo 
dangerous  of  the  Scottish  seas,  its  currents  at  the  chang 
of  tides  causing  dangerous  eddies  and  whirlpools. 


PEN 


2137 


PEP 


Pentland  Hills,  a  range  in  Scotland,  cos.  of  Peebles, 
Lanark,  and  Edinburgh,  extending  for  about  14  miles  N.E. 
to  within  4  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh. 

Pent'land  Sker'ries,  Scotland,  comprise  two  islets 
and  some  contiguous  rooks,  the  larger  about  4i  miles  N.  of 
Duncansby  Head.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Pen'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Balem  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  at  Penton  Sta- 
tion, 3i  miles  B.  of  Salem. 

Pentress,  West  Virginia.    See  New  Brownsville. 

Pent'water,  a  post-village  in  Pentwater  township, 
Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  and  at  the  northern  terminus  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Muskegon,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Ludington.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  state  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  several  lumber-mills,  a  foundry,  a  planing- 
mill,  Ac,  and  has  an  active  trade  in  lumber,  fish,  and  other 
products.     Pop.  1294;  of  the  township,  1370. 

Pentz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles  N.  of 
Oroville.     It  has  a  store. 

Penvenan,  pfluoH-^h-nftiJo',  a  maritime  village  of 
France,  C6tes-du-Nord,  near  the  English  Channel,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Trgguier.     Pop.  467. 

Pen'ville,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  120. 

Penza,  or  Pensa,  p5n'z&,  a  government  of  Russia, 
mostly  between  lat.  53°  and  55°  N.  and  Ion.  42°  30'  and 
46°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of  Nizhnee-Nov- 
gorod,  Simbeersk,  Saratov,  and  Tambov.  Area,  14,768 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  1,173,186.  Surface  mostly 
level.  Principal  rivers,  the  Moksha,  Soora,  and  their  af- 
fluents. Soil  fertile,  and  corn  is  extensively  exported. 
Cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  and  horses  are  reared.  Forests  very 
extensive.  The  mineral  products  comprise  iron,  chalk, 
sandstone,  sulphur,  and  vitriol.  The  manufactures  embrace 
coarse  linens  and  woollen  stuffs ;  and  there  are  soap-,  glass-, 
beet-sugar-,  and  leather-factories,  and  iron-foundries.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Penza,  Nizhnee-Lomov,  and  Saransk, 

Penza,  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, is  situated  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
Soora,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Penza.  Pop,  34,331.  It 
has  a  large  cathedral  and  12  other  churches,  a  theological 
seminary,  a  gymnasium,  extensive  government  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  soap. 

Pen'zance',  a  seaport,  the  westernmost  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Cornwall,  on  Mount's  Bay,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Land's  End,  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Launceston.  Pop. 
12,448.  It  is  situated  in  a  district  noted  for  its  fertility, 
fine  scenery,  and  singularly  mild,  though  moist,  climate. 
It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  has  a  spacious  church,  a  gram- 
mar-school, a  national  school,  a  school  of  industry,  a  guild 
hall  and  market-house,  a  jail,  workhouse,  smelting-houses 
for  tin,  the  hall  and  valuable  museum  of  the  Cornwall  Geo- 
logical Society,  and  handsome  baths.  The  principal  exports 
are  tin  and  copper  ore,  the  produce  of  the  neighboring 
mines,  agricultural  produce,  and  pilchards.  The  imports 
consist  of  timber,  iron,  and  hemp.  The  harbor,  with  a 
pier  about  800  feet  long,  having  at  its  end  a  light-house,  is 
accessible  by  vessels  of  a  moderate  burden. 

Penzing,  pfint'sing,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  3 
miles  W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  Wien,  It  has  numerous  villas, 
and  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics.     Pop.  7683. 

Penzlin,  p5nts-leen',  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gustrow.     Pop,  2701. 

Peo'a,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co.,  Utah. 

Peo'la  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Peo'li,  or  New'tOAVn,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0,,  about  20  miles  S.  of  New  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  union  school.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Peoli.     Pop.  98. 

Peoples,  pee'p'lz,  township,  Boone  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  493. 

Peoples,  a  post-office  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  about 
10  miles  W.  of  Cape  Girardeau  City. 

Peo'ria,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Illinois  River  and  Peoria  Lake,  and  is 
drained  by  Spoon  River  and  Kickapoo  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  maple,  ash,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  in  many  directions  by  a  number  of  rail- 
roads, which  centre  at  Peoria,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870» 
47,540;  in  1880,  55,355;  in  1890,  70,378, 

Peoria,  a  post-office  of  Maricopa  co,,  Arizona. 

135 


Peoria,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co,.  Ark, 

Peoria,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Peoria  co,.  111,,  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  at  the 
lower  end  of  Peoria  Lake,  about  65  miles  N,  of  Springfield. 
By  railroad  it  is  160  miles  S,W,  of  Chicago,  53  miles  E,S,E. 
of  Galesburg,  and  45  miles  W,N,W,  of  Bloomington.  Ik 
was  in  1870  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population.  It 
is  at  the  junction  of  the  following  railroads:  the  Chicago, 
Pekin  A  Southwestern,  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville, 
the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific, 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western,  the  Peoria  A 
Rock  Island,  the  Illinois  Midland,  and  the  Galesburg  A 
Peoria  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  this  city  and  St.  Loaia, 
and  also  navigate  the  upper  part  of  the  river,  Peoria 
contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  about  28  churches,  • 
high  school,  the  Peoria  County  Normal  School,  the  mercan- 
tile library,  3  or  4  national  banks,  several  large  distilleries, 
breweries,  iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  cabinet  furniture,  engines,  boilers,  &,e.  It  haa 
wide  streets,  which  cross  one  another  at  right  angles  and  are 
lighted  with  gas.  Five  daily  newspapers,  2  of  which  are 
German,  are  published  here ;  also  5  weekly  newspapers.  It 
is  surrounded  by  fertile,  undulating  prairies,  in  which  rich 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened,  and  it  has  an 
extensive  trade.     Pop  in  1880,  29,259;  in  1890,  41,024. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
E,  of  Brookville, 

Peoria,  a  small  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Ma- 
haska CO,,  Iowa,  about  15  miles  N,N,W,  of  Oskaloosa,  and 
9  miles  N,E,  of  Pella.     It  has  3  churches. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peoria  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  7  miles  E.S.E,  of  Ottawa, 
and  about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  817. 

Peoria,  a  hamlet  in  Berne  township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
about  25  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  100.     Here  is  West  Berne  Post-Office. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township,  Union  co., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  S.W. 
of  Marion. 

Peoria,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  in  the  Wil- 
lamette Valley,  15  miles  S.  of  Albany. 

Peoria,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex,,  30  miles  N.  of 
Waco,  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office^ 
and  manufactures  of  farming-implements.     Pop,  234. 

Peoria  City,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co,,  Iowa,  on  In- 
dian Creek,  about  22  miles  N,E,  of  Des  Moines. 

Peoria  Lake,  Illinois,  is  an  expansion  of  the  lUinoii 
River,  and  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Peoria  co.,  which  it 
separates  from  the  cos.  of  Woodford  and  Tazewell.  It  is 
about  20  miles  long,  and  2i  miles  wide  at  the  broadest  part. 

Peos'ta,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Dubuque 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail 
road,  16  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pe'ot,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co,,  Wis. 

Pe'otone,a  post-village  in  Peotone  township.  Will  eo,, 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  divison  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
41  miles  S,  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  15  miles  N,N,E.  of  Kan- 
kakee. It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  ia 
1890,  717;  of  the  town-^hip,  1569. 

Peotone,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  eo.,  Kaasaa. 

Pepack,  New  Jersey,    See  Peapack, 

Pepac'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y,,  ou 
Popacton  River,  about  55  miles  E,  of  Binghamton, 

Pepacton  River,  New  York.    See  Pofacton  Riveu. 

Pe'pin,  a  county  in  the  W,  part  of  Wisconsin,  borders 
on  Minnesota,  Area,  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chippewa  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Lake  Pepin,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Magnesian  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  on 
the  shore  of  Lake  Pepin,  and  forms  bluffs  and  picturesque 
cliff's  nearly  400  feet  high.  This  county  is  traversed  by  tha 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St,  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Duraad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4659;  in  1880,6220;  in  1890,  6932. 

Pepin,  a  township  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn.  Pop.  St4, 
exclusive  of  Read's  Village. 

Pepin,  a  post-village  of  Pepin  oo..  Wis.,  in  the  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pepi», 
about  8  miles  above  Wabasha,  Minn,,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Eau  Claire.  It  has  2  churohes,  several  stores,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1406. 


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Pepin  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
forms  the  southwestern  boundary  of  Pierce  and  Pepin  cos. 
of  Wisconsin,  which  it  fleparates  from  the  cos.  of  Goodhue 
and  Wabasha  in  Minnesota.  It  extends  from  Red  Wing 
down  to  the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  is  about  28 
miles  long.  The  greatest  width  is  nearly  3  miles.  The 
shores  of  this  lake,  which  is  perhaps  tb,e  most  picturesque 
and  beautiful  part  of  the  Great  River,  are  vertical  lime- 
stone bluffs  about  400  feet  high,  and  weathered  into  various 
fantastic  forms,  some  of  which  resemble  ruined  castles. 

Pepinster  Spa^  p4'pin-st^r  anh,  Belgium,  a  station 
on  the  railway  from  Brussels  to  Cologne,  84  miles  from 
Brussels. 

Pep'perell,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Pepperell  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Lowell,  and  1 
mile  W.  of  Pepperell  Station  of  the  Worcester  A  Nashua 
Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school,  4  paper-mills,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  several  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Nashua  River,  and  contains  other  villages, 
named  East  Pepperell  and  North  Pepperell.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  wadding,  pocket-knives  and  other  cutlery,  and 
shoes.  Pop.  2348.  Pepperell  Station  is  at  East  Pepperell, 
.10  miles  S.W.  of  Nashua,  N.H, 

Pepper's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  fi  miles 
from  Laurel.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store. 

Pep'pertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Pequabuck,  pe-quaw'buk,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth 
township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Hartford,  Provi- 
dence A  Fishkill  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  malleable  iron. 

Pequan'nock,  or  Pequanac,  a  post-office  and  sta- 
tion of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pequannock  township,  on  the 
Montolair  A.  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W, 
of  Newark.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Pompton  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Passaic.     Pop.  2239. 

Pequannock  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Sussex 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
cos.  of  Morris  and  Passaic,  and  unites  with  the  Ramapo 
and  Ringwood  Rivers  at  Pompton.  The  stream  formed  by 
the  confluence  is  the  Pompton  River. 

Pequea,  pSk-wa',  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa., 
about  65  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Pequea  Creek.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1276.  Pequea  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbia.     See  also  White  Horse. 

Pequea  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  near  the  W.  border 
of  Chester  co.,  runs  westward  and  southwestward  through 
Lancaster  oo.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  11 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Lancaster. 

Peque&a,  a  river  of  Ecuador.     See  Tiore. 

Pequeni,  pi-ki-nee',  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  tributary  to  the  Chagres 
River.     On  its  banks  some  gold-mines  are  wrought. 

Pe'qnest,  a  station  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A 
Western  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Oxford,  N.J. 

Pequest  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Sussex  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the 
Delaware  River  at  Belvidere. 

Pequim,  or  Pequin,  a  city  of  China.     See  Peking. 

Pequon'nock,  Poquan'oc,  or  Poquan'noc 
Kiver,  a  small  stream  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  falls  into 
Bridgeport  Harbor.  The  Housatonio  Railroad  follows  its 
course  for  nearly  its  whole  length. 

Pera,  p&'r&,  a  suburb  of  Constantinople,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  "  Golden  Horn,"  on  the  summit  of  the  hill  above 
Galata  and  Tophan6.  It  is  2  miles  in  length,  chiefly  in- 
habited by  Franks,  and  comprises  the  residences  of  several 
ambassadors,  with  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a 
Mohammedan  college,  and  a  monastery  of  dervishes. 

Perak,  pi-r&k',  a  river  of  Malacca,  rises  in  the  S.  of 
the  territory  of  its  own  name,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Strait  of  Malacca.     Total  course,  80  miles. 

Perak,  a  state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extending  along 
its  W.  coast,  between  lat.  3<»  40'  and  5°  N.,  having  N. 
Quedah,  S.  Salangore,  and  W.  the  Strait  of  Malacca.  Pop. 
35,000.  Principal  products,  tin,  rice,  and  rattans.  Its  capi- 
tal, Perak,  is  a  town  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 

Peraleda  de  la  Mata,  p&-r&-liL'Di  dk  16,  m&'t&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  58  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1986. 

Peralta,  pi-ril'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the 
Arga,  31  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  3503. 

Peral'ta,  a  village  of  Valencia  co..  New  Mexico,  20 
miles  6.  of  Albuquerque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Peraato,  p4-ris'to,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  6  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cattaro,  on  the  Gulf  of  Perasto.     Pop.  1800. 

Perc^t  per's&'j  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 


00.  of  Gasp6,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  36  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Gasp6  Basin.  It  consists  of  2  hamlets,  called  North 
and  South  Beach.  The  principal  part  of  the  population 
reside  at  North  Beach,  which  also  contains  the  court-house, 
jail,  and  a  church.  South  Beach  has  important  fishery- 
establishments,  a  church,  and  4  or  5  stores.     Pop.  1743. 

Perc6  Rock,  properly  Le  Rocher  Perc6,  l^h  ro*- 
shi'  pfin'si',  or  the  Pierced  Rock,  a  remarkable  rock 
on  the  Gasp6  coast,  Quebec,  opposite  the  village  of  Perc6. 
It  is  288  feet  high,  1200  feet  in  length,  precipitous  and  bold. 
In  it  are  3  arches  completely  wrought  by  nature;  the  centre 
one  is  sufficiently  large  to  allow  a  boat  under  sail  to  pass 
through  with  ease. 

Perche,  pfinsh,  an  ancient  division  of  France,  in  the 
old  province  of  Maine,  now  divided  among  the  departments 
of  Orne,  Eure-et-Loir,  and  Eure. 

Perche,  persh,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.   Pop.  3119. 

Perche,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co..  Mo. 

Perch  River,  a  small  stream  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  N.Y., 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Black  River  about  10  miles 
below  Watertown. 

Perch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jeflferson  oo.,  N.T.,  3i 
miles  from  Limerick  Station,  and  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Watertown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Per'cival,  a  post- village  in  Benton  township,  Fremont 
CO.,  Iowa,  is  near  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansaa 
City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of 
Council  Blufis,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Sidney.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Percivall's,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Perck,  p^Rk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1300. 

Percy,  per'seeor  p^R^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manohe, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-L6.     Pop.  463. 

Per'cy,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Chester 
A  Tamaroa  Railroad,  65  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  cburob,  a  graded  school, 
a  broom -factory,  and  mines  of  coal. 

Percy,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Misri. 

Percy,  a  station  in  Carbon  oo.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  96  miles  N.W.  of  Laramie  City. 

Percy,  Ontario.    See  Warkworth. 

Per'cy  Islands,  a  group  ofi"  the  E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  21°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  18'  E.  The  largest  is  12  miles 
in  circumference. 

Perdido,  per-di'do,  a  small  river  which  forms  the  W. 
boundary  of  Florida  and  the  E.  boundary  of  Baldwin  oo., 
Ala.  It  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  through  Perdido  Bay. 

Perdido  (Sp.  pron.  p4R-dee'do),  a  post-office  of  Goliai 
CO.,  Tex.,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Victoria. 

Perdido,  Monte,  Spain.     See  Mont  Perdu. 

Perdido  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Mobile.     It  has  n  church  and  manufactures  of  rosin,  Ac. 

Perdinales  River,  Texas.    See  Pedernales  River. 

Per'dix,  a  station  in  Perry  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  9i  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Perdjansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Berdiansk. 

Per'due  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala. 

Perdu,  Mont,  Spain.     See  Mont  Perdu. 

Pereaux,  pe-ro',  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  10  miles  from  Port  Williams. 

Pere  (par)  Che'ney,  a  post-bamlet  in  Central  Plains 
township,  Crawford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Mackinaw  division 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (Cheney  Station),  87  miles 
N.  of  Bay  City. 

Pereiaslav,  or  Perejaslav, Russia.  See  Pbbkslatl. 

Pereira,  pi-ri'e-r4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Douro,  6  miles  W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1388. 

Pereira  Jnzam,  p&-rA'e-r&  zhoo-z&m',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, 20  miles  S.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  1236. 

Perekop,  pi-ri-kop',  or  Or-Kapi,  oR-ki'pee  (ano. 
Taph'rost  or  Taph'r«f),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Taurida,  on  the  isthmus,  86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Simferopol. 
Pop.  4331.  The  fortress  E.  of  the  town  contains  a  palace, 
barracks,  a  mosque,  and  a  Greek  church.  It  was  taken 
from  the  Turks  in  1736.      See  Isthmus  of  Perekop. 

Perello,  pi-ril'yo,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2298. 

Pere  Marquette,  par  mar^kit',  a  township  of  Mason 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  954. 

Peremy8chl,pi-rA-mish'l',  a  town  of  Russia,  19  miles 
S.  of  Kalooga,  on  the  Oka.     Pop.  2999. 

P^renchi^s,  pi'rftN»'she-i',  France,  Nord,  a  station 
on  the  railway  from  Hazebrouck  to  Lille.     Pop.  1667. 


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Pereslavl,  pSr-i-sUvl',  Pereiaslav,  or  Pereja- 
slav,  i)4-ri-j'a-sliv',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  150 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava,  near  the  Dnieper.  Pop.  9287. 
It  has  many  churches,  and  a  trade  in  cattle,  horses,  corn,  Ac. 

PereslavI-Zalieski,pSr-i-sI&vl'-z4-le-Ss'kee,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vladimeer, 
on  Lake  Plescheievo.     Pop.  7210. 

Pergamino,  pfin-gi-mee'no,  a  town  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  165  miles  N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.    Pop.  3261. 

Pergamus,  the  ancient  name  of  BEKaAMA. 

Perge,  pfiR'gh§h,  or  p^r'je,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smyrna,  having  extensive  remains  of  a 
theatre,  of  the  stadium,  and  of  a  large  palace.  About  10 
miles  distant  are  the  remains,  as  supposed,  of  laionda,  con- 
Bisting  of  Cyclopean  walls,  a  stadium,  and  other  ruins. 

Pergine,  p6R'ghe-ni,  or  Pergen,  p6R'gh§n,  a  town 
of  the  Tyrol,  7  miles  E.  of  Trent.  Pop.  3858.  It  has  a 
castle  and  woollen-manufactures. 

Pergola,  pSR'go-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Urbino,  on  the  Cesano.  Pop.  8953.  It  has 
manufactures  of  leather  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Per'ham,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  64  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Houlton.    Pop.  79.    It  has  a  valuable  iron-mine. 

Perham,  a  post-village  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 67  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorhead.  It  has  5  stores,  3  ware- 
houses, several  hotels,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  flour,  blinds,  and  doors.  Much  wheat  is  shipped 
here.     Perham  is  near  several  fine  lakes. 

Periana,  pi-re-i'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  30  miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2776. 

Peribouaca,pfir^re-boo*i-ki',  or  Peribuca,  p&-re- 
boo-k&',  a  river  of  Quebec,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  falls  into  Lake 
St.  John. 

P6rier8,  piVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9 
miles  N.  of  Coutanees.     Pop.  1980. 

P6rigord,  pi'ree^goR'  (anc.  the  country  of  the  Petro- 
eo'rii  or  Petroco'rium),  an  old  division  of  France,  in  Gui- 
enne,  of  which  PIrigueux  was  the  capital.  It  now  forms 
the  department  of  Dordogne  and  part  of  Gironde. 

P^rigueux,  piVee^guh'  (anc.  Veaun'na,  afterwards 
Petroco'rii),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Dordogne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Isle,  45  miles  S.E.  of 
AngoulSme.  Pop.  23,290.  The  chief  edifices  are  a  cathe- 
dral of  the  fourth  century,  the  church  of  St.  Front,  and  a 
modern  town  hall.  It  has  a  li/c6e,  or  college,  a  normal 
school,  and  a  library  of  20,000  volumes.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cutlery,  nails,  serge,  flannel,  leather,  pottery,  flour, 
a  copper-foundry,  2  lithographic  printing-offices,  and  trade 
in  wood,  iron,  paper,  and  liqueurs.  It  was  the  capital  of 
the  old  district  of  P^rigord,  and  has  Roman  remains. 

Perya,  or  Perixa,  pi-ree'ei,  a  small  town  of  Vene- 
jiuela,  82  miles  S.W.  of  Maracaybo,  on  the  Perija  River,  25 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Lake  of  Maracaybo. 

Perim,  p4-reem',  or  Meknn,  mi-ktln',  an  island  oflF 
the  Arabian  coast,  in  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  at  the 
entrance  to  the  Red  Sea.  Lat.  of  the  S.  point,  12°  38'  N. ; 
Ion.  43°  23'  E.  Length,  5  miles.  It  is  a  bare  rock,  on  which 
turtle-shells  are  taken.     It  belongs  to  Great  Britain. 

Perim,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  India,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gogo. 

Perinaldo,  pi-re-nil'do  (anc.  Podium  Rainaldif),  a 
Tillage  of  Italy,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1752. 

Perineos,  pi-re-ni'oce,  or  Pyrenneos,  pe-r5n-ni'- 
oce,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  state  of  Qoyaz,  extending 
from  E.  to  W.  nearly  in  lat.  16°  S. 

Per'in's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  oo.,  0. 

Perinthus,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ereglee. 

Peristeria,  an  islet  of  Greece.    See  Sarakino. 

Perixa,  a  town  of  Venezuela.     See  Perija. 

Per'kasie,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rock- 
hill  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  hotels,  3  stores, 
and  about  75  bouses. 

Per'kins,  a  station  in  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
ib  Girard  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Perkins,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co..  Me.     Pop.  149. 

Perkins,  a  township  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me.,  consists 
of  Swan's  Island,  in  the  Kennebec  River,  12  miles  N.  of 
Bath.     Pop.  71. 

Perkins,  a  township  of  Erie  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1291. 

Perkins,  a  station  in  Erie  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield  &  Newark  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Sandusky. 

Perkins,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  73. 

Perkins,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.    It  has  a  large  lumber-trade.    Pop.  100. 

Perkins  Junction,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Burke  oo.,  Ga. 


Perkins'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Per'kinsville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  ia 
Jackson  township,  on  White  River,  about  32  milea  N.N.E. 
of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Perkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  1)> 
miles  W.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Perkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wayland  township,  3  miles  from  Wayland  Depot,  about  4 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dansville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  milL 

Perkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Morganton. 

Perkinsville,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  oo.,  Vt.,  iu 
Weathersfield  township,  on  Black  River,  about  30  mile»« 
S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton -factory,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Perkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Ya., 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  stores. 

Perkio'men,  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.   P.  2056. 

Perkiomen  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  by  several 
branches  in  Berks  and  Lehigh  cos.,  runs  southward  through 
Montgomery  co.,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill  River  about  7 
miles  W.  of  Norristown.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Perkiomen  Junction,  Pa.    See  Pawxins. 

Perkiu'menville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norristown. 

Perlak,  piR^Sk'  (Slavonian,  Prelok,  pri'lok),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Szalad,  on  the  Drave,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Warasdin.     Pop.  3233. 

Perlas,  Islas  de.    See  Pearl  Islands. 

Perleberg,  pfin'14-b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 69  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Stepnitz.  Pop. 
7595.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  chicoory, 
breweries,  and  distilleries. 

Per'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  a  church  and  3  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  about  350. 

Perlepe,  p^R'li^pi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Monastir,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Vardar. 

Perm  (Russ.  pron.  p^Rm  or  paiRm),  a  government  of 
the  Russian  dominions,  mostly  in  Europe,  but  partly  in 
Asia,  being  separated  by  the  Ural  Mountains  into  two  un- 
equal portions,  between  lat.  55°  40'  and  62°  N.  and  Ion. 
53°  10'  and  65°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of  Vologda, 
Viatka,  Oofa,  Orenboorg,  and  Tobolsk.  Area,  129,946  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  2,198,666.  Its  European  portion 
is  traversed  by  the  Kama  and  several  of  its  affluents ;  its 
E.  division  by  affluents  of  the  Tobol.  More  than  three- 
fourths  of  the  surface  is  covered  by  forests ;  the  climate  is 
very  severe;  and  beyond  lat.  60°  N.  the  soil  is  hardly 
capable  of  culture.  Its  mines  produce  large  quantities  of 
gold,  platinum,  copper,  iron,  and  salt.  The  chief  towns  are 
Perm,  Koongoor,  and  Krasno-Oofimsk  in  Europe,  and 
Yekaterinboorg,  Alapaevsk,  and  Shadrinsk  in  Asia.  It 
was  formerly  the  centre  of  an  extensive  and  flourishing 
empire,  ruined  by  the  Mongols  in  the  thirteenth  century. 

Perm,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, is  situated  on  the  Kama,  240  miles  E.S.E.  of  Viatka. 
Pop.  33,078.  It  is  chiefly  built  of  wood,  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals,  with 
a  large  market-place  and  numerous  forges.  The  inhab- 
itants trade  chiefly  in  metallic  pro<luce  and  in  tea  and 
other  Chinese  imports. 

Pernagoa,  p8ii-n4'go-4,  Pernagua,  piR-n4'gw4,  or 
Parananha,  p4-r4-n4n'y4,  a  town  of  Brasil,  state  of 
Piauhy,  260  miles  S.W.  of  Oeiras,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake 
Parananha  or  Pernagoa.     Pop.  4000.  i 

Pernambuco,  p4R-n4m-boo'ko,  a  state  of  Brasil,  oon- 
sisting  of  a  long  and  narrow  strip  of  territory  stretching 
from  the  Atlantic  inland,  mostly  between  lat.  7°  and  14° 
36'  S.  and  Ion.  34°  50'  and  47°  20'  W.,  separated  bj 
several  continuous  mountain-chains  from  the  states  of 
Goyaz,  Piauhy,  Ceard,  and  Parahiba  on  the  W.  and  N., 
and  by  the  Rio  de  Sao  Francisco  on  the  S.  from  Bahia  and 
Sergipe.  Its  ooast-line,  watered  by  the  Capibaribe,  Ipo- 
juca,  and  Unna  Rivers,  has  S.  the  state  of  Aiagoas.  Area, 
46,257  square  miles.     It  has  many  rich  sugar-  and  ootton- 

Slantations.  Other  products  are  timber,  dye-woods,  hides, 
rugs,  gold,  and  rems.  The  principal  cities  and  towns  art 
Recife  (its  capital),  Olinda,  and  Serenhem.  Pop.  in  1882, 
1,014,700.     See  also  Olimda  and  Recife. 

Pernau,  pfiR'nCw  (Russ.  Pernov  or  Pemote,  pim-noT'), 
a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Pernau  into  the  Gulf  of  Riga,  99  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Riga.     Pop.  12.918.    It  is  defended  by  a  citadel,  and 


PER 


2140 


PER 


comprises  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  suburbs,  with  Lu- 
theran, Esthonian,  and  Russian  churches,  and  grammar 
and  other  schools.  Owing  to  a  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
rirer,  large  vessels  load  and  unload  in  the  roadstead. 

Pernel'lo,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
from  Big  Lick  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Femes,  painn  (ano.  Pater'nmf),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vaucluse,  4  miles  S.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  2801. 

Pernis,  p^R'nis,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Merwede,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dort.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2004. 

P^ronue,  piVonn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on 
the  Somme,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Cambrai.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  flour,  sugar,  Ac.     Pop.  4210. 

Perosa,  pi-ro'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Pinerolo,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  1826. 

Peros  Bauhos^pi'roceban'yoce,  a  group  of  27  islands 
in  the  Chagos  Archipelago,  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  b°  14'  N., 
Ion.  77°  E. 

Pe^rot')  a  bayou  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  con- 
nected N.  with  Lake  Washa,  and  S.  with  Little  Lake. 

Perote,  pi-ro't&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  88  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  Pop.  2500.  Near  it  is  a  lofty  moun- 
tain of  the  same  name.     See  Cofre  db  Pkkotk. 

PerotejrPe-rSt',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Union  Springs.    It  has  2  churches. 

P6rou,  the  French  name  of  Perd. 

P6rouse,  the  French  name  of  Perugia. 

P6rouse  (pe-rooz')  Islands  (Fr.  Archipel  de  La  Pi- 
rouae,  aR^sbe^pdl'  d^h  \k  p^Vooz'),  a  group  of  small  islands 
near  10°  S.  lat.,  between  165°  and  170°  E.  Ion.  The  largest 
is  Santa  Cruz :  hence  the  group  is  sometimes  called  Santa 
Cruz  Islands.  La  P^rouse,  the  French  navigator,  perished 
here  about  the  year  1790. 

Perouse  (or  La  Perouse),  Strait  of,  is  between 
the  islands  of  Yesso  and  Saghalin. 

Perpignan,  pfiR^peen^yfiiJo'  {L.  Perpinia'num),  a  town 
of  France,  capital  of  Pyr^n^es-Orientales,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tet,  40  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Narbonne.  Pop. 
24,379.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  region.  The  chief  edi- 
fices are  the  citadel,  the  cathedral,  and  military  prison.  It 
has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  communal  college,  a  normal 
school,  a  school  of  design,  a  library  of  18,000  volumes,  and 
a  botanic  garden.  It  has  also  tanneries,  distillei'ies,  nur- 
series of  silk-worms,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  farina, 
candles,  &c.,  and  a  commerce  in  wine,  wool,  silk,  iron,  and 
corks.  Philip  the  Bold  died  here  in  1285.  It  was  taken 
by  Louis  XI.  in  1474,  and  by  Louis  XIII.  in  1642. 

Perquim'ans,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  intersected  by 
the  Perquimans  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Nor- 
folk &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Hertford.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7945;  in  1880,  9466;  in  1890.  9293. 

Perquimans  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Gates 
CO.,  near  the  Dismal  Swamp,  runs  southeastward  through 
Perquimans  co.,  and  enters  Albemarle  Sound.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  it  about  40  miles. 

Perrainda,  p^r-rlu'di,  or  Parainda,  pa-rin'd&,  a 
town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  Nizam's  dominions,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Seena,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Solapoor,  in  lat. 
18°  18'  N.,  Ion.   75°  54'  E. 

Perre,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Peltereh. 

Per'rin,  a  post-village  in  Platte  township,  Clinton  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Plattsburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Perrine,  p^r-rin',  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Sandy  Lake,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin. 

Perrineville,  p§r-rin'vil,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth 
00.,  N.J.,  in  Millstone  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Hightstown, 
and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Per'rinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nankin  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  3  miles  from  Elmwood  Station,  and  about 
18  miles  W.  of  Detroit.    It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  200. 

Per'riuton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  3873. 
It  contains  Fairport  and  several  hamlets. 

Perros  -  Guirec,  pftR^Ros'-ghee'rfik',  a  village  of 
France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord,  with  a  large  port  on  the  English 
Channel,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  206. 

Perrot,  p^r'rot',  an  island  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
S.W.  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  between  the  Lake  of  Two 
Mountains  and  Lake  St.  Louis.  It  is  7  miles  long.  A  bridge 
•a  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  connects  it  with  Yaudreuil. 


Per'rowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  5§ 
miles  N.W.  of  Forest  Depot. 

Per'ry,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  774  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Cahawba  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Washington 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  East  Tennessee  &  Georgia 
Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Marion,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  24,975;  in  1880,  30,741;  in  1890,  29,332. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Fourche  La  Fave.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  tbe  oak,  chestnut,  black 
walnut,  silver-maple,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Marble  is  found 
in  this  county,  which  also  has  beds  of  coal.  Capital,  Perry- 
ville,  on  the  Fourche  La  Fave.  Pop.  in  1870,  2685 ;  in 
1880,  3872;  in  1890,  5538. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Beaucoup 
Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Columbo  Creek.  The  surface  ia 
generally  rolling  and  partly  level,  and  a  large  portion  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  post-oak,  hickory, 
aeh,  black  walnut,  i,o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  mines  of  good  bituminous  coal,  which  is  found  near 
the  surface  or  at  a  moderate  depth  and  underlies  the  whole 
area.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  tbe 
St.  Louis,  Alton  t  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash, 
Chester  i  Western  Railroad,  and  two  other  railroads  touch 
its  borders.  Capital,  Pinckneyville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,723; 
in  1880,  16,007;  in  1890,  17,529. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  and  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  aud  on  the  W.  by 
Anderson's  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hilly 
uplands,  level  river-bottoms,  and  extensive  forests.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and 
quarries  of  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
Lvansville  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Cannelton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,801;  in  1880,  16,997;  in  1890,  18,240. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kentucky  River  (or  its  North  Fork),  and  also  drained  by 
the  Middle  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  Indian  corn  and  grass.  Coal  is  found  here.  Cap- 
ital, Hazard,  on  the  Kentucky  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  4274 ; 
in  1880,  5607;  in  1890,  6331. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an 
area  of  about  1116  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Leaf 
River  and  Black  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Bogue  Homo 
and  Tallahala  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
Indian  corn,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  the  Queen 
&  Crescent  System.  Capital,  Augusta.  Pop.  in  1870, 2694; 
in  1880,  3427;  in  1890,  6494. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Illinois,  and  is  drained  by  Apple  and  Saline  Creeks.  In 
the  extreme  S.W.  part  of  this  county,  or  near  its  boundary, 
rises  White  Water  River.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  tbe  ash,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  tulip-tree,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good 
carboniferous  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  surface.  Lead 
and  marble  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Perryville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9877;  in  1880,  11,895;  in  1890,  13,237. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  402  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Rush 
and  Sunday  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak 
and  sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wool,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Rail- 
road, the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Shaw- 
nee &  Hocking  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley 
&  Toledo  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Rail- 
road. Capital,  New  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,453 ;  ia 
1880,  28,218;  in  1890,  31,151. 


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Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bas  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  is  intersected  by  the 
Juniata  River,  and  also  drained  by  Sherman's  Creek.  A 
long  ridge  called  the  Blue  Mountain  extends  along  its 
southern  border.  The  surftice  is  diversified  with  mountains 
and  fertile  valleys,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  Ac.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals 
are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Newport  &  Sherman's  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Perry 
County  Railroad.  Capital,  New  Bioomfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
26,447;  in  1880,  27,522;  in  1890,  26,276. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Buffalo  River,  which  runs  northward  and  is  parallel  to  the 
former  river.  The  surface  is  undulating,  or  diversified  by 
high  ridges  and  valleys,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  peanuts,  wheat,  buckwheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  is  abundant  here.  Capital,  Linden, 
situated  on  the  BuflFalo  River,  near  the  centre  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6925;  in  1880,  7174;  in  1890,  7785. 

Perry,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  oo.,  Fla.,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison,  and  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Tallahassee.     It  has  3  churches. 

Perry,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Perry  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  which  connects 
it  with  Fort  Valley,  41  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Macon. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  female  college,  a 
newspaper  oiSce,  and  the  Perry  Male  College.     Pop.  836. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township.  Pike  co.,  111., 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  38  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  money-order  post-oflSce. 
Pop.  798;  of  the  township,  2161. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1280.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Huntertown. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1109. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1340. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1220.  It 
contains  Colfax. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1163. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  982. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  2452. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1760. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1667. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1513. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3133.  It 
contains  Ligonier. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1481. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1719. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  876.  It 
contains  Economy. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1525. 

Perry,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Spring 
Valley  township,  near  the  Raccoon  River,  on  the  Des 
Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  nursery.    Pop.  about  960. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  699. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  847,  ex- 
clusive of  Andrew. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  491. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  565. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  778,  ex- 
clusive of  Traer. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Kentucky  township,  JeflFerson 
CO.,  Kansas,  near  the  Kansas  River,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Topeka, 
and  13  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  403.     Much  grain  is  shipped  here. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  349. 
Post-office,  Centre  Ridge. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Washington 
CO.,  Me,,  on  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Eastport, 
and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Calais.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1149. 

Perry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Owosso,  and  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1016. 

Perry,  a  post-village  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  about  27  miles 
S.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  church. 

Perry,  a  township  of  St.  Francois  oo.,  Mo,     Pop.  1351. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Wyoming  co., 
N.y.,  at  the  outlet  of  Silver  Lake,  and  on  a  short  railroad 


which  connects  with  the  Erie  Railroad  at  Gainesville,  about 
8  miles  E.S.E,  of  Warsaw,  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  contains  3  or  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  several  flouring-mills,  Ac.  Silver  Lake  ii 
a  summer  resort.  Pop.  in  1890,  1528.  The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Perry  Centre,  and  a  nop.  of  3928, 

Perry,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop*.  1235, 

Perry,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1452. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0,  Pop.  3016.  It 
contains  Fayetteville. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Carroll  oo.,  0.     Pop.  932. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co,,  0.  Pop,  4888. 
It  contains  Salem. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  932.  It 
contains  East  Union. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  1194,  It 
contains  Martinsburg. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Franklin  co,,  0,     Pop.  1297. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0,     Pop,  1614. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Hocking  co,,  0,  Pop,  1745,  It 
contains  Buena  Vista  and  South  Perry, 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Lake  co.,  0., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland, 
and  6  miles  E.  of  Painesville.  It  has  several  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about  260,  The  township  border* 
on  Lake  Erie,  has  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1208. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  2215. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  897.  It 
contains  Elizabethtown. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0,  Pop,  922.  It  con- 
tains East  Liberty. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Monroe  co,,  0,  Pop.  1116.  It 
contains  (jreenville  and  Antioch. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.     Pop.  2029. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.  Pop.  1044.  It 
contains  Johnsville  and  North  Woodbury. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Muskingum  oo,,  0.  Pop.  991.  It 
contains  Bridgeville  and  Sonora. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.  Pop.  1415.  It 
contains  New  Holland. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Pike  co,,  0,  Pop,  748.  It  con- 
tains Cynthiana. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Putnam  co,,  0,     Pop.  637. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  686. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1208.  It 
contains  Pemberton. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1736,  ezola- 
sive  of  Massillon. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  1089. 
It  contains  Westchester. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.    Pop.  1323. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.  Pop.  8877. 
It  includes  Parker  City  and  Queenstown. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1630. 

Perry,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Rail- 
road, 13i  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1668. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1445. 

Perry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  about  9  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Titusville.     It  has  a  church. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1292. 

Perry,  a  township  of  JefiTerson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1222 

Perry,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  806 

Perry,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  914. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1016. 

Perry,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
Brazos  River,  and  on  the  Waco  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.W,  of  Bremond,  , 

Perry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co,.  Wis.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  The  township  baa 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  974. 

Per'ry-Barr,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on 
the  London  A  Northwestern  Railway,  3i  milee  N.W.  of 
Birmingham.     Pop.  1683. 

Perry  Centre,  a  post- village  in  Perry  township,  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y,,  about  37  miles  S,S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  183. 

Perry  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  township,  Schny- 
ler  CO.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  W.N.W,  of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church. 

Perrydale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  abont 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Perry  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md. 

Per'ryinansville,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  27 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
general  stores. 

Perryop'olis,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township.  Fay- 


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ette  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Toughiogheny  River,  about  40  miles 
by  railroad  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  li  miles  from  Layton 
Station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  600. 

Perry's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Jos6. 

Perry's,  a  station  in  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Charlotte, 
Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Perry's  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  Vermilion  parish,  La., 
on  Vermilion  Bayou,  40  miles  from  Franklin.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  75. 

Per'rysbarg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Perrysburg,  a  post-village  in  Perrysburg  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Western  di- 
vision), 19  miles  E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a  church,  nearly 
30  houses,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1393. 

Perrysburg,  Ashland  co.,  0.     See  Albion. 

Perrysburg,  a  post-village  in  Perrysburg  township, 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  on  the  right  or  S.E.  bank  of  the  Maumee 
River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  Dayton  & 
Michigan  Railroad,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo.  A  bridge 
crosses  the  river  here  and  connects  Perrysburg  with  South 
Toledo.  It  contains  8  or  9  churches,  a  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  bank,  and  has  extensive  water- 
power  and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  paper,  hoes, 
staves,  &o.  Large  quantities  of  ship-timber  and  staves  are 
exported.     Pop.  about  2000 ;  of  the  township,  4100. 

Perry's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Cookstown. 

Perry's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Brazos  River,  10  miles  below  Brazoria. 

Perry's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis., 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Perry's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga. 

Perry's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Champlain  township, 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chazy  River,  and  on  the  Ogdens- 
burg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  Rouse's 
Point.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  276. 

Perry  Springs,  Brown  co..  111.     See  Springs  Station. 

Perry  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  III.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Meredosia. 

Perrysville,  Ala.  and  Ark.     See  Perryville. 

Per'rysville,orPer'ryville,a  post- village  in  High- 
land township,  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Danville,  111.,  and  44 
miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  is  the  largest  village  in  the 
county,  and  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-miil,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  690. 

Perrysville,  New  York.     See  Perryville. 

Perrysville,  or  Perryville,  a  post-village  in  Green 
township,  Ashland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Black  Fork  of  the  Mo- 
hican River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  3  churches,  an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  about  600. 

Perrysville,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  Lamartine. 

Perrysville,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township,  AUe- 
ghany  co..  Pa.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Perrysville,  Pennsylvania.     See  Port  Royal. 

Perrysville,  a  village  in  Perry  township,  Jefl°erson  co., 
Pa.,  on  Mahoning  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  300. 
Hero  is  Hamilton  Post-Office. 

Perrysville,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  near 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Perrysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  R.I., 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  80. 

Perryton,  Licking  oo.,  0.     See  Elizabethtown. 

Per'ryton,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  111.     Pop.  1085. 

Per'rytown,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Midland  Railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Port  Hope.  It  con- 
tains a  woollen-factory  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Per'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  A'la.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Selma.   It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy, 

Perryville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Fourohe  La  Fave  River,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Perryville,  Indiana.     See  Perrysville. 

Perryville,  Kansas.    See  Perry. 

Perryville,  a  post-village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  W.  of  Danville,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It 
contains  Harmonia  College  and  5  churches.  Pop.  479.  On 
the  9th  of  October,  1862,  a  battle  was  fought  here  between 


a  part  of  General  Buell's  army  (Union)  and  a  portion  of 
General  Bragg's  army.  The  total  Union  loss  in  thii 
action  was  4348  j  the  Confederates  lost  about  2500. 

Perryville,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Philadelphia, 
Wilwington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  to  Port  Deposit,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  A 
railroad  bridge  connects  Perryville  with  Havre  de  Grace. 

Perryville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  Mo., 
in  Cinque  Hommes  township,  about  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  10  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River,  and  14  miles  S. 
of  Chester,  111.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  800. 

Perryville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hunter- 
don  CO.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Midvalo  Station,  and  about  33 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Trenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Perryville,  a  post-village  in  Fenner  and  Sullivan  town- 
ships, Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Cazenovia  A  Canastota 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill 
Pop.  about  400. 

Perryville,  Ohio  and  Rhode  Island,  See  Perrysvillk 

Perryville,  a  hamlet  of  Potter  co,.  Pa.,  on  the  Genesee 
River,  1  mile  from  Genesee  Fork  Post-Office,  and  about  40 
miles  N.N,E,  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  woollen-mill  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Perryville,  a  post- village  of  South  Kingstown  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  woollens.     Pop,  80. 

Perryville,  a  station  in  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Blue 
Ridge  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Walhalla. 

Perryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co,,  Tenn.,  oi> 
the  W,  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  100  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Nashville. 

Persaim,  a  town  of  India.     See  Basssin. 

Persante,  p^n'sin-ti,  a  river  of  Prussia,  Pomerania, 
rises  near  the  village  of  Persanzig,  and,  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  70  miles,  enters  the  Baltic  at  Colberg, 

Persepolis,  p^r-sip'o-lis,  the  ancient  capital  of  Persia, 
the  traces  of  which  exist  in  a  fine  plain,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Bundemeer  River,  from  26  to  30  miles  N.E.  of  Sheeraz. 
Its  ruins  cover  a  wide  surface,  and  on  a  terraced  platform, 
1430  feet  in  length  and  from  800  to  900  feet  in  width,  are 
large  gateways,  numerous  columns,  and  bas-reliefs,  the 
whole  supposed  to  be  the  remains  of  the  palace  of  Darius, 
destroyed  by  Alexander.  The  walls  are  covered  with  in- 
scriptions in  arrow-headed  characters,  and  numerous  tombs 
are  cut  in  the  adjacent  mountains. 

Perseriu,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Prisrenu. 

Per'shore,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8i  miles  S.E. 
of  Worcester,  on  the  navigable  Avon.  The  town  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  large  cruciform  church,  originally  a  part 
of  an  abbey,  of  which  some  other  remains  exist.     P.  2S26, 

Persia,  p^r'she-a  (Arabic  and  Persian,  Iran,  ee^r&n' ; 
Fr,  Perae,  pains;  Ger.  Persien,  p5R'se-?n  ;  L,  Per'tia;  Gr. 
Utfxrii,  Pemig),  a  country  of  Asia,  comprising  in  its  widest 
acceptation  the  region  between  the  Caspian  Sea  and  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  from  the  Amoo-Darya  and  Indus  to  the  Persian 
Gulf,  But  Western  Toorkistan,  Afghanistan,  and  Beloo- 
chistan  (called  collectively  by  some  writers  "  East  Persia") 
have  been  for  centuries  independent  of  Persia  proper.  Per- 
sia proper  lies  between  lat.  26°  and  40°  N,  and  Ion,  44°  and 
61°  E.,  having  W.  Asiatic  Turkey,  N.  Russian  Transcau- 
casia, the  Caspian  Sea,  Transcaspian  Russia,  and  the  Desert 
of  Khiva,  E.  Afghanistan  and  Beloochistan,  and  S.  the 
Arabian  Sea  and  Persian  Gulf,    Area,  635,000  square  miles. 

Persia  may  be  described  as  consisting  of  a  plateau  from 
2500  to  3500  feet  in  elevation,  a  series  of  mountain-chains 
encircling  the  plateau  on  all  sides  except  the  E,,  and  an 
outer  border  of  more  or  less  width,  consisting  for  the  most 
part  of  gentle  slopes,  low  valleys,  and  level  plains.  The  E. 
part  of  the  plateau  forms  the  great  salt  deserts  of  Khorassan 
and  Kerman.  It  is  comprised  in  that  sterile  zone  which 
extends  from  the  Atlantic  through  Africa,  Arabia,  Central 
Asia,  iind  Mongolia  to  the  N,  frontier  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire. The  mountains  which  enclose  the  plateau  generally 
have  their  slopes  clothed  with  a  rich  and  varied  vegetation, 
except  the  S.  mountains,  the  S.  exposure  of  which  is  so  ex- 
tremely hot  as  to  be  scarcely  fit  for  human  habitation.  It 
also  applies  only  in  part  to  the  plains  of  the  W.,  where 
moisture  is  often  in  excess  and  forms  extensive  swamps. 
The  provinces  bordering  on  the  Caspian,  however,  are  as 
beautiful  as  wood,  water,  and  mountains  can  make  them, 
and  offer  a  strong  contrast  to  other  districts. 

Of  the  mountains,  the  W,  chain,  branching  from  the  Hin- 
doo-Koosh,  by  which  it  becomes  linked  to  the  Himalayas, 
traverses  Afghanistan,  and  enters  Persia  on  its  N.E.  froB- 


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tier,  near  Ion.  61°  E.,  N.  of  the  town  of  Herat,  where  it 
forms  a  mountain-region,  in  some  parts  200  miles  wide. 
Under  the  name  of  the  Mountains  of  Khorassan,  it  pro- 
ceeds in  a  W.N.W.  direction  across  the  N.  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  that  name,  where  its  height  nowhere  exceeds  4500 
feet  J  but  as  the  Caspian  is  approached,  it  rises  to  a  much 
greater  elevation.  The  chain  here  takes  the  name  of  the 
Elbrooz  Mountains,  and  on  the  borders  of  the  provinces  of 
Irak-Ajemee  and  Mazanderan  attains,  in  Mount  Dema- 
vend,  the  height  of  21,000  feet.  From  this  mount,  which 
is  the  culminating  point  of  the  range,  the  Elbrooz  stretches 
"W.N.W.  in  three  separate  lofty  ranges,  still  maintaining  an 
elevation  so  great  that  several  of  its  ridges  continue  covered 
with  snow  till  the  beginning  of  June.  The  Elbrooz  chain, 
which  many  consider  as  terminating  nearly  opposite  to  the 
S.W.  corner  of  the  Caspian,  is  succeeded  by  the  Massula 
Mountains,  and  then  by  Mount  Sevellan,  which,  attaining 
the  height  of  12,000  feet,  throws  out  ramifications,  by 
which  it  becomes  linked  with  Mount  Ararat.  This  cele- 
brated mountain,  situated  on  the  borders  of  Russia,  Persia, 
and  Turkey,  possesses  the  loftiest  summit  of  West  Asia, 
and  forms  the  link  between  the  N.  and  W.  ranges  of  Persia. 

Granite  and  crystalline  schists  form  a  great  part  of  the 
mountains  which  extend  across  the  S.  of  Kerman,  but  these 
rocks  are  more  largely  developed  in  the  mountain-ranges  of 
the  N.  In  the  Elbrooz,  the  effects  of  remote  volcanic 
agency  are  strongly  manifested ;  and  the  rocks  which  bound 
the  alluvial  plains  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah  on  the  W.  are  also 
volcanic.  A  celebrated  mineral  peculiar  to  Persia  is  the 
turquoise,  the  most  valuable  mines  of  which  are  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  Nishapoor,  to  the  W.  of  Meshed.  Among  the 
metals,  iron,  argentiferous  lead,  copper,  and  antimony  are 
said  to  be  abundant.  Rock  salt  may  be  obtained  in  almost 
every  quarter,  and  sulphur  is  dug  almost  solid  from  the 
crumbling  cone  of  Mount  Demavend.  Naphtha  is  found  in 
many  places ;  a  bitumen,  called  mumea,  is  collected  in  Ears  j 
and  marble  of  the  finest  quality  is  quarried. 

The  absence  of  sufficient  water  is  one  of  the  great  disad- 
vantages suffered  in  Persia.  Except  the  Aras,  forming  the 
N.W.  frontier,  the  Sefeed  Rood  and  Goorgaon,  which  enter 
the  Caspian  Sea,  the  Kerah,  Karoon,  Jerahi,  Ac,  affluents 
of  the  Tigris  and  Shat-el-Arab,  in  Khoozistan,  and  the 
Bundemeer,  in  Ears,  the  rivers  are  quite  insignificant,  and 
by  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  country  is  arjd  and  unpro- 
ductive. Prom  the  S.  slopes  of  the  mountain-ranges  which 
rise  from  its  N.  edge,  much  water,  partly  the  produce  of 
perpetual  snow,  descends  in  streams  which  soon  reach  the 
borders  of  deserts  and  are  absorbed.  The  N.  slopes  are  so 
near  the  basin  of  the  Caspian,  to  which  they  all  belong, 
that  the  water  which  they  supply  has  too  short  a  course  to 
allow  it  to  accumulate  into  rivers.  The  principal  excep- 
tion is  furnished  by  the  Sefeed  Rood,  which  has  found  or 
worn  for  itself  a  channel,  usually  several  hundred  and 
sometimes  1000  feet  below  the  general  level  of  the  table- 
land, till  it  breaks  through  the  mountains  of  Massula  into 
a  long  valley,  and  finally  reaches  the  Caspian  Sea  by  the 
Rudbar  Pass  in  the  Elbrooz,  after  a  course  of  about  350 
miles.  In  Persia  there  are  more  than  30  salt  lakes  which 
have  no  outlets.  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  70  miles  long  by  32 
miles  broad,  receives  14  rivers,  yet  its  waters  are  so  bitter 
and  saline  that  no  fish  can  live  in  them.  Lake  Bakhtegan 
is  60  miles  long,  and  receives  all  the  waters  of  the  Bunde- 
meer and  Moorghaub. 

On  the  central  plateau  the  climate  is  intensely  cold  in 
winter  and  excessively  hot  in  summer.  The  dryness  of  the 
atmosphere,  however,  makes  the  air  generally  pure  and  the 
sky  cloudless.  The  shores  of  the  Persian  Gulf  are  scorched 
up  in  summer  by  a  burning  heat,  and  become  so  unhealthy 
that  all  the  inhabitants  who  have  the  means  retire  to  the 
adjacent  mountains.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  N.  mountain- 
ranges,  snow  falls  early  in  November.  In  such  situations 
as  at  Teheran,  ice  is  seen  up  to  the  middle  of  March  ;  cold 
winds  from  the  N.  prevail  in  April,  and  even  during  sum- 
mer great  and  sudden  changes  of  temperature  are  not  un- 
common. On  the  N.  side  of  the  mountains,  in  the  plains 
of  Ghilan  and  Mazanderan,  a  dry  and  a  rainy  season  regu- 
larly alternate,  and  vegetation  has  a  luxuriance  not  often 
met  with  in  much  lower  latitudes. 

The  long  belt  of  sandy  shores  which  line  the  Persian 
Gulf  is  barren,  except  where  it  is  interspersed  with  planta- 
tions of  date-trees,  which  here  grow  to  great  perfection. 
Among  the  mountains  of  Khoozistan,  Bakhtiyari,  and  Loo- 
ristan,  forests  of  oak  and  other  trees  are  not  uncommon, 
though  in  general  they  are  stunted  in  their  growth.  But 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  lofty  ranges  which  overlook  the  Cas- 
pian Sea  are  magnificent  forests  of  oak,  beech,  elm,  walnut, 
box,  cypress,  and  cedar.  Extensive  open  glades  often  occur. 


on  which  numerous  herds  of  cattle  are  reared.  Lower 
down,  though  still  at  some  thousand  feet  above  sea-level, 
wheat  and  barley  are  extensively  cultivated.  In  the  level 
and  rich  plains  below,  the  sugar-cane  and  orange  come  to 
perfection,  the  pomegranate  grows,  the  cotton-plant  and 
mulberry  are  extensively  cultivated,  large  tracts  are  occa- 
pied  by  the  vine,  and  orchards  with  exquisite  fruits  occur. 

In  the  low  plains,  the  only  grain  under  extensive  culture 
is  rice ;  and  the  principal  auxiliary  crops  are  cotton,  indigo, 
sugar,  madder,  and  tobacco.  In  Azerbaijan,  large  riee-fieldi 
occupy  the  low  flats  which  surround  Lake  Ooroomeeyah. 

The  remarkable  wild  animals  are  the  lion ;  leoparda,  in- 
cluding the  ohetah,  used  for  hunting ;  tigers,  lynxes,  bears, 
wild  boars,  hyenas,  wolves,  jackals,  porcupines,  and  moun- 
tain sheep  and  goats.  Among  the  birds  are  pheasants, 
pelicans,  bustards,  blackbirds,  thrushes,  and  other  well- 
known  songsters,  but  more  especially  the  bulbul.  Locusts 
often  commit  fearful  ravages.  Fish  abound  in  the  Caspian 
and  on  the  shores  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 

The  manufactures  of  Persia  are  more  numerous  than  im- 
portant, though  in  a  few  articles  they  continue  to  retain 
some  of  the  celebrity  which  they  acquired  in  early  times. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned  various  kinds  of  silk  goods, 
as  taffetas,  velvets,  and  brocades,  made  extensively  at  Ispa- 
han, Astrabad,  Yezd,  and  other  places,  not  only  for  home 
consumption,  but  for  export ;  carpets,  rugs,  and  felts  in  many 
of  the  central  districts ;  cloaks  and  woollen  stuffs ;  shawls, 
made  of  the  wool  of  the  goats  of  Kerman ;  fire-arms,  swords, 
daggers,  cutlery,  copper-ware,  and  gold  brocades. 

Commerce. — The  commerce  of  the  country  is  extensive, 
notwithstanding  the  absence  of  any  roads  except  snch  as 
are  traversed  by  caravans  of  mules.  The  principal  articles 
imported  from  the  East  are  muslins,  "leather,  lambs'-skins, 
stuffs  of  camel's-hair,  shawls,  nankeen,  china,  glass,  hard- 
ware, amber,  coral,  precious  stones,  saffron,  indigo,  spices, 
&o.  The  exports  to  the  East  are  velvets,  silk  and  cotton 
stuffs,  <fcc,,  articles  in  gold  and  silver,  bronze  lamps,  copper- 
ware,  &o,,  mats,  lacquered  ware,  ivory  ornaments,  dates, 
lemons,  tobacco,  and  shawls  and  some  other  articles.  The 
traffic  of  the  Caspian,  carried  on  chiefly  at  the  ports  of  En- 
zellee,  Balfurosh,  and  Astrabad,  is  almost  entirely  monopo- 
lized by  Russia ;  that  of  the  Persian  Gulf  employs  a  consid- 
erable number  of  vessels,  owned  for  the  most  part  by  British, 
Armenian,  Arab,  and  Indian  traders.  The  foreign  trade  is 
chiefly  with  Great  Britain,  Russia,  and  India. 

The  sovereign  or  shah  of  Persia  is  an  absolute  despot. 
His  principal  ministers  are  the  vizier  azem,  or  grand  vizier, 
and  the  ameer-a-doulah,  or  lord  high  treasurer.  Both 
ministers,  though  the  mere  slaves  of  their  master,  are,  in 
regard  to  all  other  persons,  as  absolute  as  himself.  Each 
province  is  governed  by  a  prince  of  the  blood  or  high  noble, 
who  appoints  his  lieutenants  or  hakims,  under  whom  there 
is  a  long  series  of  subordinates.  For  the  administration  of 
justice  there  are  two  classes  of  courts, — one  called  aherrah, 
which  decides  according  to  the  Koran ;  the  other  called 
urf,  deciding  according  to  customary  law. 

The  population  is  very  mixed.  The  Parsees,  who  appear 
to  preserve  more  fully  than  the  rest  a  purity  of  descent 
from  the  ancient  Persians,  are  now  nearly  confined  to  the 
city  of  Yezd  and  some  towns  in  Kerman,  where  they  still 
retain  fire-worship.  The  inhabitants  of  the  towns  and  set- 
tled districts  generally  are  descended  from  Persians,  Turks, 
Tartars,  Georgians,  Armenians,  Arabs,  and  others  who  hare 
at  different  periods  held  sway  in  the  country.  They  are 
Mohammedans  of  the  Sheeah  sect,  between  whom  and  the 
Turks,  Arabs,  and  most  other  Mussulmans  there  is  a  per- 
petual feud.  Others  of  the  Persians  are  Babists,  and  otoers 
again  Nestorian,  Armenian,  or  Chaldusan  Christians.  The 
nomadic  tribes  consist  of  Arabs  in  theS.,  Toorkomans,  Mon  - 
gols,  and  Oozbeks  in  the  E.  and  N.E.,  and  Koords  in  th« 
W.  They  live  in  tents,  subsisting  on  the  produce  of  theii 
herds  and  on  plunder;  and  they  furnish  most  of  the  armed 
force.  The  Persians  are  a  handsome,  active,  and  generally 
warlike  people.  Their  complexion  varies  from  fair  to  dark 
olive,  having  straight,  jet-black  hair,  a  quick,  lively  imagi 
nation,  and  agreeable  address.  The  intellectual  qualitiea 
of  the  Persians  are  naturally  of  a  high  order,  and  enabled 
them  at  a  very  early  period  to  take  a  lead  in  civilization. 
The  Persian  forms  one  of  the  principal  branches  of  the 
great  family  of  Indo-European  languages.  It  is  remark- 
able for  its  softness  and  harmony,  which  admirably  adapt 
it  to  the  lighter  forms  of  poetry.  The  Persians  possess  nu- 
merous works  both  in  literature  and  in  science :  those  in 
the  former  bear  a  high  reputation ;  those  in  the  latter  ar« 
mainly  of  a  very  puerile  description. 

Population.— The  population  of  Persia  is  variously  given. 
A  former  accepted  estimate  gave  the  classes  as  followt 


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Modern  Persians,  comprising  a  mixture  of  ancient  Per- 
Bians,  Tartars,  Arabs,  and  Georgians,  10,000,000;  Parsees, 
100,000 ;  Afghans,  500,000 ;  Ghelaky,  60,000 ;  Armenians, 
70,000;  Jews,  36,000;  Sabians,  10,000;  nomadic  or  wander- 
ing tribes,  239,600;  Arabian  tribes  and  Arab  fishermen, 
140,000;  and  Koords,  155,000:  total,  11,299,500.  More 
recent  estimates,  however,  place  the  total  at  7,500,000. 

Divisions. — The  ancient  and  modern  divisions,  and  their 
chief  towns,  are  exhibited  in  the  subjoined  table : 


Modern  Names. 

Ancient  Names. 

Chief  Towns. 

Azerbaijan. 

Media  Atropatene. 

Tabreez. 

Irak-Ajemee. 

Media  Magua. 

Teberan. 

Ardelau. 

Klymais. 

Siuna. 

Looristan. 

Sjri>-Media. 

Kboozlstan. 

SuBiana. 

8hoo«ter. 

Fars. 

Persia. 

Slieeraz. 

Lariatan. 

MeHambria. 

Lar. 

Keriuau. 

Carmauia. 

Kenuao. 

Ghiiau. 

Country  of  6el«e. 

Reshd. 

Ma/Aiiderau. 

Country  of  Japyri 

Balfnrosh. 

Astrabad. 

Uyrcania. 

A8tral>ad. 

Khorassan. 

Aria. 

Nishapoor. 

Yezd. 

Artacene. 

Yezd. 

At  almost  the  earliest  period  of  authentic  history  we  find 
Persia  occupying  a  conspicuous  place  among  the  surround- 
ing nations.  Cyrus  the  Great,  the  most  renowned  of  all  the 
sovereigns  who  have  swayed  the  Persian  sceptre,  in  560  B.C. 
came  into  possession  of  the  united  crowns  of  Persia  and 
Medio,  and  soon  extended  his  dominions  over  the  whole  of 
Western  Asia.  He  was  succeeded,  529  B.C.,  by  his  son  Cam- 
by  ses,  who  conquered  Egypt.  About  the  year  490  B.C., 
Xerxes,  fourth  king  in  succession  from  Cambyses,  marched 
into  Greece  at  the  head  of  a  gigantic  armament ;  but  after 
a  succession  of  disasters  he  escaped  the  hands  of  his  enemies 
by  an  almost  solitary  flight.  From  this  period  may  be 
dated  the  decline  of  the  Persian  power ;  its  downfall  was 
completed  by  Alexander  the  Great  in  333  B.C.  After  un- 
dergoing various  vicissitudes,  the  Persian  power  again  rose 
under  the  Sassanian  dynasty  in  the  early  part  of  the  third 
century  of  our  era,  and  attained  the  highest  prosperity 
under  the  celebrated  Kosroo  Noushirv&n.  In  the  seventh 
century  the  armies  of  Mohammed  had  overrun  not  only 
Persia,  but  the  greater  part  of  Central  and  Western  Asia. 
The  Sassanian  dynasty  was  overthrown,  and  other  changes 
still  more  important  were  effected,  among  which  was  the 
extirpation  of  the  ancient  religion  of  the  Persians  and  the 
general  adoption  of  Mohammedanism.  In  the  eleventh 
century  the  Seljookian  Turks  succeeded  in  placing  the  Sul- 
tan Togrul  Beg  upon  the  Persian  throne.  In  the  early  part 
of  the  thirteenth  century  Jengis  Khan  made  his  appearance 
at  the  head  of  700,000  Mongols,  and,  crushing  all  opposition, 
ruled  Persia  with  a  rod  of  iron.  A  century  and  a  half  later, 
Tamerlane,  with  his  Tartar  myriads,  overran  Persia,  spread- 
ing desolation.  The  Sofee  dynasty,  founded  by  Ismaeel 
Sh^h  in  1502,  reached  its  greatest  prosperity  during  the 
reign  of  Abbas  the  Groat,  from  1686  to  1627.  The  sceptre 
of  Persia  was  held  from  1736  to  1747  by  Nadir  Sh&h,  a  gen- 
eral whose  prowess  and  military  talents  had  raised  him  to 
the  throne.  One  of  his  most  memorable  exploits  was  the 
invasion  of  India  in  1739,  when  ho  took  Delhi  and  ob- 
tained a  booty  estimated  at  more  than  $150,000,000.  In 
1795,  Aga  Mohammed,  the  founder  of  the  present  Kajar 
dynasty,  ascended  the  throne.  Before  he  had  reigned  two 
years  he  was  murdered  by  his  attendants  in  1797.  He  was 
succeeded  by  his  nephew,  Fateh-Alee  ShSih.  The  most  re- 
markable events  of  his  reign  were  two  disastrous  wars  with 
Russia,  the  one  ending  in  1813,  with  the  loss  of  extensive 
territories  on  the  Caspian,  the  other  in  1828,  with  the  loss 
of  Erivan  and  all  the  country  N.  of  the  Aras  (Araxes). 
Until  the  close  of  the  laat  century  Persia  had  no  diplomatic 
relations  with  Western  Europe ;  but  since  that  period  the 
eovereigns  of  Great  Britain  and  Persia  have  been  for  the 
most  part  in  friendly  alliance,  the  troops  of  the  shah  have 
been  disciplined  by  British  officers,  and  large  subsidies  have 

been  paid  to  the  Persian  government. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Persian,  p^r'shan  or  p?r'she-an  (L.  Pku'sicus). 

Persia^  p^r'she-a,  a  post-township  of  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  is  intersected  by 
the  Western  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  It  contains  part 
of  Gowanda  village.     Pop.  1336. 

Persia^  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

Persian  Gulf  (anc.  Per'aicut  Si'nu»,  or  Per'ticum 
Ma're),  an  arm  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  between  Arabia  and 
Persia.  Lat.  from  24°  to  30°  N. ;  Ion.  from  48°  to  56°  30' 
E.    Length,  550  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  220  miles.    At  its 


N.W.  extremity  it  receives  the  Shat-el-Arab  (formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris)  and  the  Karoon.  It 
oommunicates  E.  with  the  Arabian  Sea  by  a  strait  50  miled 
across.  It  contains  numerous  islands,  the  principal  being 
Kishm,  Ormus,  Busheab,  and  Karak  off  its  N.  or  Persian 
coast,  and  the  Bahrein  Islands  on  its  Arabian  side;  around 
the  last-named  an  extensive  pearl-fishery  exists.  The 
shores  are  almost  everywhere  sterile ;  on  them  are  the 
cities  of  Basssorah  and  Bushire,  and  the  towns  of  Congoon 
Nakilo,  Gombroon,  S^barah,  El  Katif,  and  Grane. 

Per'sifer,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  111.     Pop.  853. 

Persirn'mon  Creek,  post-office,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Per'singer,  astation  on  the  railroad  from  Columbia  to 
Centralia,  4  miles  E.  of  Columbia,  Mo. 

Persia.     See  Pars  and  Persia. 

Pers'ley)  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  14  milet 
S.  by  W.  of  Corsicana. 

Per'son,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Hycootee  and  Flat  Rivers.  The  Dan  River 
touches  its  N.W,  comer.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  com,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
From  S.  to  N.  this  county  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Roxborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,170;  in  1880,  13,719;  in  1890,  15,151. 

Per'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex.. 
about  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Palestine. 

Pertaubghur,  Pertabgurh,  p£r-tawb-gur',  or  Pra- 
tabgarh,  ])r&-t&b-gilr',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Per- 
taubghur  district,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  11,644. 

Pertaubghur,  or  Pratabghur,  a  district  of  the 
North-West  Provinces,  India,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Oude. 
Area,  1458  square  miles.     Pop.  784,156. 

Pcrtaubgbur,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  province  of 
Malwah.     Lat.  24°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  61'  E. 

Perth,  or  Perthshire,  p^rth'shir,  a  large  county  in 
the  centre  of  Scotland,  £.  of  the  Firtli  of  Tay.  Area,  2601 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  126,128.  This  county  com- 
prises both  a  highland  and  a  lowland  region,  the  Gram- 
pians extending  through  it  in  a  N.E.  direction.  The  prin- 
cipal mountains  are  Benlawers,  3945  feet  in  height,  and  Ben- 
More,  3819  feet  in  height.  The  princi)))il  lochs  are  Lochs 
Tay,  Earn,  Rannoch,  and  Ericht.  Perthshire  is  wholly 
drained  by  the  Tay  and  its  affluents,  except  in  its  S.  part, 
which  is  watered  by  the  Teith,  Allan,  and  Devon.  The 
soil  in  the  mountain-districts  is  mostly  light,  and  chiefly 
adapted  for  pasturage,  sheep-  and  cattle-breeding  being 
extensively  followed.  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  beans,  potatoes^ 
turnips,  and  fruits  are  raised  for  exportation.  Some  coal 
is  raised  in  the  S.E. ;  limestone,  sandstone,  marble,  and 
slate  are  generally  abundant,  and  lead  is  found  in  some 
places.  Railways  traverse  the  E.  part  of  the  county,  and 
communicate  with  Edinburgh,  Stirling,  Perth,  and  Dundee, 
extending  N.  to  Aberdeen.  Chief  towns,  Perth,  Crieff,  and 
Duuiblane.    It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Perth,  formerly  St.  Johnstown  (L.  Per'thia  or  Ber'- 
tha),  a  city,  the  capital  of  the  above  county,  formerly  the 
metropolis  of  Scotland,  in  a  plain  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tay,  here  crossed  by  a  noble  bridge,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Edinburgh.  Lat.  56°  23'  50"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  26'  20"  W,  Pop. 
in  1891,  30,760.  It  is  substantially  built,  and  has  altogether 
an  elegant  appearance.  On  its  N.  and  S.  sides  are  2  spacious 
parks,  called  Inches.  The  principal  public  edifices  are  the 
church  of  St.  John,  supposed  to  have  been  originally  erected 
in  the  fifth  century,  with  a  square  tower  165  feet  in  height, 
and  divided  into  3  distinct  places  of  worship,  numerous 
other  churches  and  chapels,  the  public  reservoir,  county 
buildings,  central  model  prison  for  Scotland,  county  in- 
firmary, lunatic  asylum,  largo  barracks,  the  Marshall  Mon- 
ument, appropriated  to  the  public,  with  a  library  of  6000 
volumes,  the  museum,  the  town  hall,  and  King  James  VI.'s 
Hospital.  Perth  has  an  educational  seminary, — an  elegant 
structure, — a  grammar-school,  an  academy,  public  schools, 
several  newspaper  offices,  local  and  branch  banks,  and 
a  custom-house.  The  Tay  is  navigable  to  the  city  for 
vessels  of  considerable  burden.  The  junction  of  several 
railways — an  elegant  building — is  situated  in  the  western 
suburbs;  and  the  Dundee  Railway  crosses  the  Tay  by  a 
bridge.  The  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  colored 
cotton  stuffs,  ginghams,  shawls,  Ac. ;  and  here  are  flax- 
spinning-mills,  bleach-fields,  several  distilleries,  breweries, 
mills,  iron-foundries,  rope-walks,  tanneries,  and  dye-works. 
Ship-building  is  an  extensive  interest,  and  the  salmon- 
fisheries  in  the  Tay  are  very  valuable.  The  foreign  exports 
are  trifling,  but  the  coastwise  exports  include,  besides  fish, 


J 


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large  quantities  of  potatoes,  chiefly  to  London,  corn,  tim- 
ber, and  slates.  Perth  appears  to  have  been  an  important 
station  under  the  Romans.  It  was  also  the  soene  of  many 
historical  events.  The  burgh  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Perth,  or  Perth  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Perth  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam, 
and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Perth  Post-OflSce.     Pop.  of  the  township,  936. 

Perth,  a  city,  capital  of  Western  Australia,  and  of  the 
CO.  of  Perth,  on  the  Swan  River,  10  miles  above  its  mouth 
in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  31°  57'  S.;  Ion.  115°  53'  E. 
It  has  a  city  hall,  barracks,  and  governor's  palace.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Catholic  and  Anglican  bishops.    P.  (1891)  9617. 

Perth,  a  post-village  of  Victoria  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  river  St.  John,  45  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.   Pop.  500. 

Perth,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Lanark, 
on  the  river  Tay,  which  has  been  rendered  navigable  to 
the  Rideau  Canal,  and  on  the  Brockville  &  Ottawa  Rail- 
way, 40  miles  N.W.  of  Brockville.  It  contains  the  county 
buildings,  6  churches,  2  branch  banks.  2  printing-offices 
issuing  weekly  newspapers,  about  40  stores,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  manufactories  of  machinery,  woollens,  leather, 
furniture,  Ac.    Near  it  are  large  mineral  deposits.    P.  2375. 

Perth  Am'boy',  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  N.J.,  is  situated  on  Raritan  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Rari- 
tan  River,  and  at  the  S.  end  of  Staten  Island  Sound,  or  Kill 
van  Kull,  opposite  Tottenville,  N.Y.  It  is  21  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York  City,  and  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  South  Amboy. 
A  ferry  connects  it  with  Tottenville.  Its  harbor  is  good, 
and  easily  accessible  to  all  vessels.  Perth  Amboy  con- 
tains 13  churches,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-institution,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  custom- 
house, a  cork-factory,  3  large  brick  public  school-houses, 
stove-  and  iron-foundries,  silver  and  lead  smelting-works, 
and  manufactures  of  fire-bricks,  other  bricks,  white-ware, 
drain-pipes,  terra-cotta,  and  emery ;  also  ship-building. 
Here  are  large  deposits  of  fire-clay  and  kaolin.  This  city  is 
on  the  New  York  and  Long  Branch  Railroad,  and  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and  a  railroad  which 
connects  it  with  Rahway.  Incorporated  in  1784.  Pop.  in 
1880,  4808;  in  1890,  9512;  in  1894,  12.000. 

Perth  Centre,  N^ew  York.    See  Perth. 

Perthois,  painHwi',  a  former  district  of  France,  now 
forming  parts  of  the  departments  of  Marne  and  Haute- 
Marne.     Vitry-le-Franjais  was  the  capital. 

Perthshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Perth. 

Pertuis,  pfiKHwee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse, 
near  the  Durance,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avignon.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen,  alcohol,  madder,  &c.     Pop.  4905. 

Pertuis  Breton,  pfiKHwee'  briH6No',  and  Pertuis 
d'Antioche,  pfiRHwee'  d6N»He-osh',  straits  of  France, 
which  separate  the  island  of  R6  from  the  department  of 
Charente-Inf6rieure  and  from  the  island  of  Oleron. 

Peru,  pe-roo'  (Sp.  pron.  p4-roo',  written  also  in  ancient 
chronicles  Pirit,  pe-roo' ;  Fr.  Pirou,  pi*roo' ;  L.  Peru'via),  a 
republican  state  of  South  America,  between  lat.  3°  25'  and 
18°  S.  and  Ion.  67°  30'  and  81°  20'  W.,  having  N.  Ecuador, 
E.  Bolivia  and  Brazil,  S.  Chili,  and  W.  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Length,  1000  miles ;  breadth,  760  miles.  It  is  divided  into 
departments,  and  these  again  into  provinces.  Area,  about 
480,000  square  miles. 


Departments. 


Piura 

Caxamarca 

Amazonas 

Loreto 

Libertad 

Ancacbs .», 

Lima 

Callao 

Huancavelica . 

Hufinuco 

Junin 

19a 

Ayacucho 

Cuzco 

Funo 

Arequipa. 

Moquegua. 

Tarapac&*...... 

Apurimac 

Tacna* , 

Lanibayeqne.. 


Total  pop 2,699,062 


Pop.  (1876). 


Capitals. 


135,502 

Piura. 

213,391 

Caxamarca. 

34,245 

Chachapoyaa. 

61,125 

Moyobamba. 

147,541 

Trujillo. 

284,091 

Huaraz. 

226,992 

Lima. 

34,492 

104,140 

Huancavelica. 

77,988 

Huinuco. 

209,871 

Cerro  de  Pasco. 

60,111 

19a. 

142,205 

Ayacucho. 

238,455 

Cuzco. 

256,594 

Pnuo. 

160,282 

Arequipa. 

28,786 

Moquegua. 

42,002 

119,246 

Abancay. 

36,019 

Tacna. 

85,984 

Chiclayo. 

»  Held  by  Chili  since  the  war  of  1881. 


The  double  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  traverses  Peru  from 
S.E.  to  N.  W.,  separating  it  into  throe  great  natural  regions, — 
I.  "  La  Costa, '  on  the  coast,  between  the  base  of  the 
Andes  and  the  shores  of  the  Pacific,  mostly  an  arid  desert 
(except  in  the  N.W.),  and  intersected  at  intervals  by  fer- 
tilizing  mountain-streams,  extending  1500  miles  in  length 
and  rarely  more  than  60  miles  in  breadth.  II.  "  La  Sierra," 
or  Andine  division,  embracing  all  the  valleys  on  the  Pacifio 
side  of  the  W.  Andes,  above  the  level  of  7000  feet,  in- 
cluding the  hills  and  valleys  between  the  donble  Cordiller* 
chains.  From  a  little  below  the  crest  of  the  eastern  moun- 
tains is  "  La  Ceja,"  or  brow  of  the  MontaRa,  and  here  begins 
the  fertile  region  called — III.  "La  Montafia,"  from  the 
Spanish  word  "monte,"  meaning  a  wood  or  thicket.  A  few 
miles  beyond  the  eastern  crest  of  the  Cordillera  is  the  warm 
and  steaming  woodland,  which  stretches  into  the  Brazilian 
territory  and  contains  the  head-streams  of  the  Peruvian 
River  navigation,  flowing  into  the  bed  of  the  Amazon. 
Principal  rivers,  the  MaraSon,  Huallaga,  Uoayale,  Apu- 
riniac,  and  Javary,  all  having  a  N.  course,  and  tribu- 
taries to  the  Amazon,  which  forms  a  great  part  of  the 
N.  frontier.  About  half  of  Lake  Titicaca  is  comprised  in 
Southern  Peru.  The  whole  coast  region  is  arid  and  destitute 
of  timber;  and  only  the  Piura  River,  in  this  division,  Ls  at 
all  navigable.  Rain  rarely  falls  in  the  coast  valleys  of 
Peru  AV.  of  the  Andes,  but  fogs,  called  the  garua,  are  fre- 
quent. The  amount  of  rain  diminishes  gradually  from  the 
southern  tropics  to  the  N.  borders  of  Peru.  The  climate  on 
the  coast  is  sultry  and  unhealthy,  but  higher  up  it  is  mild  and 
salubrious.  Temperature  at  Lima  in  summer,  80°  to  84° ; 
minimum  in  winter,  60°  to  64°  Fabr.  On  the  E.  slopes  of 
the  Peruvian  Andes  rain  falls  copiously.  The  soil  in  the 
valleys  of  the  upland  region  is  highly  fertile,  and  the  grains 
of  Europe  are  successfully  raised.  The  domestic  animals 
generally  bred  are  the  same  as  in  the  United  States;  but 
the  llama  is  still  employed  in  some  mountain-districts  as  a 
beast  of  burden,  and  the  alpaca  is  bred  for  its  wool.  Here 
are  extensive  pastures,  where  sheep  introduced  by  Euro- 
peans have  been  acclimatized  and  multiply  with  amazing 
rapidity.  The  vast  plains  E.  of  the  mountains,  as  already 
noted,  are  in  great  part  covered  with  dense  forests.  In  the 
hotter  portions  of  the  country,  sugar,  wheat,  maize,  cotton, 
indigo,  tobacco,  yams,  sweet  potatoes,  cacao,  and  fine  fruits, 
with  cinchona  bark,  sarsaparilla,  copaiba,  vanilla,  and  other 
drugs,  and  valuable  timber,  are  principal  products.  One 
cause  which  prevents  the  Peruvians  from  fully  availing 
themselves  of  the  productiveness  of  these  rich  valleys  is  the 
prevalence  in  them  of  intermittent  fevers.  Cholera  morbus 
is  a  very  common  disease,  for  which  the  standing  remedy  is 
ice.  Yellow  fever  appeared  on  the  shores  as  an  epidemic  for 
the  first  time  in  1851.  Goitre  is  the  chief  endemic  disease 
of  the  dry  mountain  climate,  but  cretinism  is  unknown. 
The  country  is  extremely  rich  in  natural  resources,  es- 
pecially in  minerals,  and  those  are  being  gradually  devel- 
oped. The  mines  of  Peru  are  the  principal  source  of  its 
weiilth ;  but  this  branch  of  industry  continues  in  great  de- 
cadence, owing  to  the  absence  of  capitalists  and  roads.  The 
silver-mines  of  Cerro  de  Pasco  are  the  richest  in  the  re- 
public. The  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  contains  veins  of 
gold,  copper,  lead,  bismuth,  tin,  &e.  The  only  coal-mine 
partially  worked  is  that  of  Mureo,  in  Cailloma ;  at  Huan- 
cavelica is  a  celebrated  mine  of  quicksilver.  The  llama, 
alpaca,  guanaco,  and  vicuna  are  natives  of  the  country, 
and  the  first  especially  is  used  as  a  beast  of  burden  ;  mules 
are,  however,  mostly  emploj'ed  for  travelling.  Coarse  cot- 
ton, woollen  cloths,  and  leather  goods  are  generally  made, 
with  fine  cloaks  and  blanketing  at  Tarma ;  iron  wares  at 
Caxamarca;  gold  and  silver  articles  and  jewelry  at  Lima, 
Arequipa,  and  Cuzco ;  but  in  general  manufactured  goods 
are  imported  from  Europe  and  North  America,  in  return 
for  raw  produce.  The  chief  wealth  of  Peru  consists  in  the 
immense  deposits  of  guano  on  the  islands  and  coasts  of  the 
republic;  and  there  are  very  valuable  deposits  of  saliter,  an 
impure  nitrate  of  soda.  The  want  of  roads  interposes  great 
obstacles  to  internal  traffic ;  but  several  railways  are  in  oper- 
ation, connecting  the  interior  districts  with  the  ports,  which, 
in  connection  with  steamers  launched  on  Lake  Titicaca,  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  trade  of  the  interior.  Among  the 
railways  already  opened  are  those  from  Pimentel  to  Ferri- 
Rafe;  Eten  to  Ferriiiafe;  Paoasmayo  to  Caxamarca;  Sftla 
vorry  to  Ascope;  Chimbote  to  Recuay ;  Cerro  de  Pasco  to  the 
mines ;  Lima  to  Oruro,  Callao,  and  Chorillos ;  Pisco  to  I(a; 
Arequipa  to  Puno;  Mollendo  to  Arequipa;  Ho  to  Moquegua ; 
Arica  to  Taona;  Pisagua  to  Sal  de  Obispo;  I<]^uique  to 
Noria.  Exports,  guano,  wool,  nitre,  copper,  Peruvian  bark, 
tin,  archil,  hides,  cotton,  silver,  Ac.  Imports,  cottons,  wool- 
lens, iron,  linens,  hardwares,   apparel,   coals,  maohinerv. 


PER 


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leather,  wine,  opium,  Ac,  to  the  value  of  about  £5,000,000. 
The  maritime  trade  is  chiefly  with  the  ports  on  the  W.  side  of 
America,  but  that  with  Europe  is  considerable.  The  sea- 
ports are  numerous,  but,  except  Callao,  most  of  them  are 
small  and  have  scanty  natural  harbor  advantages.  Scarcely 
any  Peruvian  coinage  exists,  that  in  circulation  being  from 
the  mint  of  Bolivia.  The  constitution  was  framed  in  1828, 
on  the  basis  of  that  of  the  United  States.  The  legislative 
body  consists  of  a  senate  and  a  chamber  of  deputies.  The 
executive  government  is  vested  in  a  president,  popularly 
chosen  for  four  years,  and  assisted  by  a  ministry  chosen  by 
himself,  and  a  council  of  state  chosen  by  the  legislature. 
Each  department  is  commanded  by  a  prefect,  who  resides  in 
the  capital;  the  provinces  by  a  sub-prefect;  the  districts 
by  governors  of  an  inferior  rank ;  and  the  minor  villages 
by  lieutenant-governors.  In  each  capital  of  the  depart- 
ments there  is  a  superior  court,  composed  of  a  chief  judge, 
four  assistant  judges,  and  a  fiscal.  There  are  also  three 
or  more  judges  of  civil  law,  and  an  agente  fiscal  (deputy 
attorney-general).  In  each  province  there  is  a  judge  of 
civil  law,  and  in  each  district  one  or  two  justices  of  the 
peace.  Every  village  entitled  to  name  an  elector  of  depu- 
ties has  a  municipal  body.  "With  a  few  exceptions,  every 
Peruvian  enjoys  the  rights  of  citizenship.  The  Roman 
Catholic  is  the  state  religion,  and  no  other  is  tolerated.  In 
each  of  the  principal  departments  is  a  diocese  or  bishop- 
ric. Public  instruction  has  made  little  progress,  and  in  the 
interior  not  more  than  two  per  cent,  or  the  youth  receive 
education.  It  is  better  in  the  chief  towns,  and  there  are  3 
universities, — at  Cuzco,  Arequipa,  and  Puno, — 12  boys'  and 
6  girls'  schools,  and  45  schools  of  primary  instruction, 
mostly  supported  by  the  state.  The  standing  army  con- 
sists of  5900  men,  viz.,  2400  infantry,  600  cavalry,  600 
artillery,  and  a  gendarmerie  of  2400.  Navy  almost  nothing. 
The  chief  ports  are  Callao,  Islay,  Pisco,  Ilo,  Pay  ta,  Huacho, 
and  Mollendo,  Peru  was  conquered  from  the  dynasty  of 
the  Incas  by  the  troops  of  Pizarro  in  1532,  from  which  time 
it  remained  one  of  the  most  important  foreign  possessions 

jf  Spain  until  its  independence  in  1821. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Peruvian,  p^-roo've-an  (Sp.  Peruano,  pi-roo-i'no;  L. 
Peruvia'nus;  Fr.  Peruvien,  pi^riiVe-iu*')- 

Peru,  p9-roo',  a  city  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in  Peru  town- 
ship, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Illinois  Biver,  at  the  head  of 
natural  navigation,  100  miles  W.8.W,  of  Chicago,  1  mile 
W.  of  La  Salle,  and  17  miles  S.  of  Menilota.  It  is  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  Railroads.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place  in  all  stages  of  water.  Peru  contains  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  high  school,  a 
city  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  zinc-works,  a  plough-factory, 
a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Rich  mines  of  bituminous 
coal  have  been  opened  here.  Several  ice-companies  in 
Peru  do  a  large  business.     Pop.  in  1890,  5550. 

Pern,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in  Peru 
township,  on  the  right  or  N.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,^ 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Erie  &, 
Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Wabash  <fc  Erie  Canal,  16 
miles  E.  of  Logansport,  66  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne, 
and  75  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  fine  union  school-houses,  2 
national  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  a  large  woollen-factory, 
several  mills,  and  the  establishments  of  the  cabinet-makers' 
union  and  the  Indiana  Manufacturing  Company.  Pop.  in 
1890,  7028;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  903. 

Peru,  a  hamlet  in  Peru  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  & 
Minnesota  Railroad,  7  miles  above  Dubuque.  Pop.  of 
township,  960. 

Peru,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wmterset,  and  about  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des 
Moines.     It  has  3  churches. 

Peru,  a  post-village  in  Belleville  township,  Chautauqua 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Middle  Caney  Creek,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Independence,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  and  a  high  school. 

Peru,  a  post-office  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  about  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Peru,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peru  township,  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Augusta.     Pop.  of  the  township,  931. 

Peru,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Peru 
township,  12  miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  443. 

Peru,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  8  miles  above  Brownville,  and  on  the  Nebraska 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  contains 
a  state  normal  school  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  650. 


Peru,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Rail* 
road  (Paterson  &,  Newark  Branch),  5  miles  S.  of  Paterson. 

Peru,  a  post-village  in  Peru  township,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Little  Sable  River,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  New  York  A  Canada 
Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.  Pop.  about  600. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain. 
and  has  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  2839. 

Peru,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.T.,  on  the  Seneca 
River,  near  the  Erie  Canal,  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Syracuse.    It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Jack's  Reef  Post-Office. 

Peru,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Peru,  or  Max'ville,  a  post- village  in  Peru  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  near  the  Huron  River,  about  22  miles  S.  of 
Sandusky,  and  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2 
flour-mills  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  400.  The  township 
is  intersected  by  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &,  Newark  Rail- 
road and  the  Huron  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1297. 

Peru,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  953. 

Peru,  a  post-village  in  Peru  township,  Bennington  co.. 
Vt.,  30  miles  S.  of  Rutland.     Pop.  of  township,  500. 

Peru,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Peru,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  245. 

Perugia,  pi-roo'jl  (Fr.  PSrouse,  pi^rooz';  anc.  Pern'- 
»ia),  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  in  Umbria,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, 48  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Arezzo,  and  10  miles  E.  of 
the  Lake  of  Perugia,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines. 
Pop.  in  1881,  51,354.  It  ia  enclosed  by  walls.  Tne  public 
buildings  comprise  a  large  cathedral,  with  fine  paintings 
and  a  library  of  rare  manuscripts,  upwards  of  100  other 
churches,  a  city  hall,  an  exchange  gorgeously  decorated 
with  frescoes,  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  several  private  pal- 
aces, a  well-endowed  university,  founded  in  1320,  with 
museums  of  antiquities  and  minerals,  a  botanic  garden,  a 
college,  a  public  library,  a  hospital,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and 
2  theatres :  there  are  also  a  ball-court  and  bull-ring,  a 
splendidly  sculptured  fountain,  and  two  celebrated  gates 
of  Etruscan  architecture.  Perugia  has  few  manufactures 
beyond  some  soap-works  and  distilleries  of  brandy  and 
liquors.  It  has  a  trade  in  wine,  oil,  oorn,  fruits,  Ac,  but  its 
fairs  in  August  and  November  for  cattle  and  merchandise 
are  frequented  by  a  concourse  of  people  from  all  parts  of 
Central  Italy,  and  numerous  visitors  are  attracted  to  the 
city  by  its  agreeable  society  and  abundant  works  of  art. 

Perugia,  a  province  of  N.  central  Italy,  forming  the 
compartimento  of  Umbria.  Area,  3719  square  miles.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Apennines,  and  lies  partly  on  the  Adri- 
atic slope  and  partly  on  the  western  versant  of  the  peninsula. 
Capital,  Perugia.     Pop.  549,601.     See  Lake  op  Perugia. 

Perulia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Purulia. 

Peru  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Lack  township,  Juniata 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Here  ia 
beautiful  scenery. 

Pcruvia,  the  Latin  name  for  Peru. 

Peru'ville,  a  post-village  in  Qroton  township,  Tomp- 
kins CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  30  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Auburn,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Peruwels,  pi'rU-<^5ls\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.  It  has  manufactures  of  caps, 
glass,  leather,  sugar,  Ac.     Pop.  7864. 

Pervyse,  paiaVi'z^h  or  pfiRVeez',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Yser,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges. 

Penvez,  painVi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2430. 

Pesale,  pi-s&'l&,  a  large  village  on  the  island  of  Ceylon, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Manaar.  According  to  tradition,  the 
missionary  Xavier  first  landed  here  on  his  mission  to  India, 

Pesaro,  p8s'i-ro  or  pi's3,-ro  (anc.  Pisau'rum),  a  fortified 
town  of  Italy,  the  capital  of  a  province,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Urbino,  on  the  Foglia,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
10,484.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  other  churches,  a  legate's 
palace,  a  valuable  public  library,  several  convents,  2  hos- 
pitals, a  foundling  asylum,  and  a  theatre. 

Pesaro  and  Urbino,  oor-bee'no  (It.  Peaaro  ed  Urbino 
p5s'3,-ro  ed  oor-bee'no),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches 
bordering  on  the  Adriatic.     Area,  1145  square  miles.     A 
is  mountainous,  but  fertile,  producing  grain,  flax,  wine,    J 
silk,  and  provisions.     Capital,  Pesaro.     Pop.  213,072.  ^ 

Pescadero,  pes-kS.-di'ro,  a  post-village  of  San  Mateo 
CO.,  Cal.,  is  finely  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  aljout  44  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  3 
churches.  Large  quantities  of  butter  and  cheese  are  ex- 
ported from  this  place.  Here  is  a  remarkable  locality  called 
Pebble  Beach.     Pop.  of  Pescadero  township,  659. 


PES 


2147 


FJfir 


Pescadores,  p&-ki-do'r5s  ("Fisherman's  Islands"), 
an  island  group  close  upon  the  coast  of  Peru,  N.  from 
Callao.     Lat.  11°  47'  S.j  Ion.  77°  20'  W. 

Pescadores,  three  groups  of  the  North  Pacific,  in 
Marshall  Islands.  Lat.  (middle  group)  11°  19'  N. ;  Ion. 
167°  35'  E, 

Pescadores,  China.     See  Pheng-Hoo. 

Pescara,  p5s-ka,'r4  (anc.  Ater'ni  or  Ater'num),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Aterno  in  the  Adriatic,  8  miles  N.iE.  of  Chieti.  Pop. 
2521 ;  of  commune,  5238.     See  Aterno. 

Pescarolo,  pfis-ki-ro'Io,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1510. 

Peschauer,  India.    See  Peshawkr. 

Pesche,  p5s'ki,  or  Peschi,  pSs'kee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Campobasso,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Isernia.  P.  1588. 

Peschici,  pes-kee'chee,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Foggia,  11  miles  W.  of  Viesti.     Pop.  2290. 

Peschiera,  p5s-ke-i'rS,  (anc.  Ardelica  or  Piacaria),  a 
fortified  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mantua,  on  the 
Mincio,  at  its  issue  from  the  Lago  di  Garda.  Pop.  2418. 
It  has  a  strong  citadel,  2  parish  churches,  a  convent,  a  hos- 
pital, an  arsenal,  and  a  fishery  of  eels. 

Pescia,  pi'shS,  or  pSsh'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 

Province  of  Florence,  on  the  Pescia,  Lucca  &  Pisa  Railway, 
op.  about  5000  J  of  commune,  12,700.  It  is  situated 
among  olive-groves  and  mulberry -plantations,  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  'i  convents,  a  large  hos- 

fiital,  a  citadel,  and  important  manufactures  of  paper,  wool- 
en cloth,  and  silk  twist. 

Pescina,  pi-shee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avezzano.  Pop.  5156.  It  has 
a  fine  cathedral. 

Pesco  Costanzo,  pSs'ko  kos-t&n'zo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Aquila,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  2427. 

Pesco  La  Mazza,  pSs'ko  18,  m3,t's3,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2460. 

Pesco  Laiiciaiio,  pSs'ko  l3,n-cha,'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Campobasso,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  1797. 

Pesco  Pagano,  pSs'ko  pd.-gS,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Basilicata,  17  miles  S.AV.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  3677. 

Pesco  Pennataro,  pSs'ko  p5n-ni-t3,'ro,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Campobasso,  N.N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  1361. 

Pesco  Sansonesco,  pSs'ko  sin-so-n&'ko,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Teramo,  S.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  1594. 

Pesco  Solido,  pSs'ko  so'le-do,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2350. 

Pesei,  or  Pesey,  pi^zi',  written  also  Peisey,  a  com- 
mune of  France,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moutiers.     Pop.  1480. 

Pesequeiro,  p4-si-ki'e-ro,  an  islet  of  Portugal,  off 
the  coast  of  Alemtejo,  40  miles  W.  of  Ourique. 

Peshaw'  (or  Clear)  Creek,  of  Missouri,  flows  N.E. 
through  Bates  co.,  and  enters  the  Osage  in  St.  Clair  co. 

Peshawer,  Peshawur,  Peichaouer,  Peschau- 
er, pSsh^Sw'gr,  written  also  FaishaAVur  andPeishore 
("  the  advanced  post"),  a  fortified  town  of  India,  capital 
of  the  Peshawer  division  and  district,  Punjab,  40  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Attock,  and  on  the  Afghan  frontier,  12  miles  E. 
of  the  Khyber  Pass.  It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Indian 
railway  system,  and  an  important  strategic  point.  It  is  a 
Moslem  town.     Pop.  68,555. 

Peshawer,  a  division  in  the  extreme  N.W.  of  India, 
in  the  Punjab,  bounded  W.  by  Afghanistan,  and  N.  by 
Cashmere  and  some  native  hill  states.  Area,  8171  square 
miles.  It  consists  of  the  districts  of  Peshawer,  Kohat,  and 
Huzareh.  Pop.  1,035,789.  The  district  of  Peshawer  is  the 
northwesternmost  of  the  three  districts  in  the  division,  and 
is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Area,  2497  square  miles. 
Capital,  Peshawer.     Pop.  523,152. 

Pesh'tigo,  a  post-village  in  Peshtigo  township,  Mari- 
nette CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Oconto,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Menominee,  Mich.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1719;  of  the  township,  7202. 

Peshtigo  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Oconto  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  Green  Bay  about  12  miles  N.E. 
of  the  town  of  Oconto.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and 
runs  through  extensive  pine  forests. 

Pesmes,  or  Pdmes,  paim,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Saane,  10  miles  S.  of  Gray.     Pop.  2755. 

Pe-Sooee-Shan,  or  Pe-Soui-Chan,  pi  soo'ee- 
Bhin',  a  mountain  of  China.  Lat.  28°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  108° 
34'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Peso'tum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  in  Pe- 
sotum  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.  of  Champaign.     Pop.  of  the  township,  919. 


Pespire,  pes-pee'ri,  a  town  of  Honduras,  SO  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Leon.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.     P.  2000. 

Pesqueira.    See  Sao  Joao  db  Pesqueira. 

Pesqueira  Grande,  pfc-ki'e-ri  grin'dA,  a  village 
of  Mexico,  state  of  Nuovo  Leon,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mon- 
terey. It  was  formerly  celebrated  for  its  silver-mines  and 
salt-works. 

Pesth,  p8st  (Hun.  pron.  pisht),  a  royal  free  city  of 
Hungary,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  immediately 
opposite  Buda,  on  the  railway  from  Vienna  to  Szolnok,  136 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  in  1870,  200,476;  in  1890, 
including  Buda  (with  which  it  was  incorporated  in  1372, 
the  official  title  being  "  Budapest"),  506,384.  It  is  situated 
on  level  ground.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  new  theatre, 
the  national  casino,  a  county  hall,  the  Neugeb'dude,  a  vast 
struotare,  ased  as  an  artillery-depot,  the  gtenadier  barracks, 
Jesuits'  and  several  other  convents,  an  art  academy,  the 
Esterhazy  Gallery  of  Art,  the  Redoute  Buildings,  Roman 
Catholic,  Greek,  Lutheran,  Calvinist,  and  other  churches, 
several  synagogues,  hospitals,  a  custom-house,  a  national 
museum,  a  landhaus,  and  a  university.  The  venerable  an- 
cient structures  of  the  Hungarian  capital  are  all  in  Buda ; 
and  Pesth  is  the  "  new  city,"  boasting  most  of  its  modem 
conveniences,  as  good  hotels,  coff"ee-house8,  and  handsome 
private  residences.  The  university  has  a  library  of  60,000 
volumes,  and  is  attended  by  over  2600  students.  Here  are 
also  a  botanic  garden,  a  veterinary  hospital,  a  Hungarian 
academy  of  sciences,  Roman  Catholic,  Lutheran,  and  nor- 
mal schools,  an  English  conventual  and  various  charitable 
institutions.  The  town  has  manufactures  of  flour,  spirits, 
leather,  tobacco,  hats,  pipes,  cloth,  silk,  oil,  and  machinery. 
Pesth  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Tranta" 
cincum.  The  old  town  was  enclosed  by  walls  in  the  thir- 
teenth century.  It  was  held  by  the  Turks  for  160  years. 
Pesth  is  a  station  for  steam  packets,  and  is  connected  by 
railways  with  the  chief  towns  of  Austria-Hungary. 

Pesto,  pSs'to,  or  Pestum,  pSs'tiim  (anc.  Pxatuvi,  ori- 
ginally Posido'nia),  a  ruined  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Campagna,  in  a  plain  on  the  Gulf 
of  Salerno.  It  was  first  a  Greek  colony,  and  fell  under  the 
power  of  the  Romans  b.c.  275.  After  the  fall  of  the  Empire 
it  continued  to  flourish,  but  was  ultimately  destroyed  by  the 
Saracens  towards  the  end  of  the  ninth  century.  Among  the 
buildings  are  a  temple  of  Neptune,  the  four  sides  of  which 
have  a  range  of  36  pillars,  surmounted  by  an  architrave 
and  frieie  of  the  Doric  order;  and  a  large  edifice  called  the 
basilica,  but  supposed  to  have  been  a  temple  of  Ceres. 

Petalida,  or  Petalidha,  Crete.    See  Sordi. 

Petalies,  pi't4-leez\  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Channel 
of  Euboea^  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Petaluma,  p6t-a-loo'ma,  a  city  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  is 
on  Petaluma  Creek,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the 
San  Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  San  Francisco,  16  miles  S.  of  Santa  Rosa,  and  about  10 
miles  N.  of  San  Pablo  Bay.  It  contains  9  churches,  a 
system  of  graded  schools,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
2  other  banking-houses,  several  large  warehouses,  carriage- 
shops,  and  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  silk-factory,  a 
starch-factory,  a  cannery,  a  tannery,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  3  newspapers,  of  which  2  are  dailies.  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  between  here  and  San  Francisco,  and  there 
are  2  railroad  trains  daily.  Wheat,  barley,  dairy -products, 
lumber,  Ac,  are  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  3692. 

Petaluma  Creek,  California,  rises  in  Sonoma  oo.,  and 
enters  San  Pablo  Bay  10  miles  below  the  town  of  PeUluma. 

Petare,  pi-t&'ri,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Bolivar,  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Caracas. 

Petchora,  or  Petschora,  p«tch'o-r4,  a  river  of 
European  Russia,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  N.W. 
through  the  governments  of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  and 
enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  by  a  wide  estuary  containing  numer- 
ous islands,  about  lat.  68°  N.,  Ion.  between  53°  and  54°  E. 
Total  course,  probably  900  miles.  Ite  nrincinal  affluenU 
are  the  Izhma  from  the  S.  and  the  Oosa  from  the  E. 

Peteghem,  pi't^h-ghim',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2100. 

Peten,  p4-tfin',  a  lake  and  island  of  Central  America, 
state  and  190  miles  N.  of  Guatemala.  The  lake  is  about  65 
miles  in  circumference,  and  30  fathoms  in  depth.  It  con- 
tains several  islands,  the  principal  of  which,  called  Peten, 
is  steep  and  lofty.     It  was  once  the  seat  of  the  Itia  Indians. 

Pe'ter,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.  Ky. 

Peterborough,  or  Peterburgh,  pee't^r-bjir-rah,  a 
city  and  episcopal  see  of  England,  co.  and  37  miles  N.E. 
of  Northampton,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  on 
the  river  Nene.  Pop.  of  city  (1891),  25,172.  The  cathedral 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  England.    Its  W.  front,  which  forms 


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«  si^aare  150  feet  in  height  and  breadth,  consists  of  three 
magnificent  pointed  arches,  80  feet  high,  surmounted  by 
pediments  and  pinnacles,  and  flanked  by  turrets  with  spires 
and  pinnacles.  It  is  surrounded  by  old  and  interesting 
monastic  edifices,  the  whole  constituting  a  magnificent  pile. 
The  parish  church  has  a  beautiful  monument  by  Flaxman. 
The  town  hall,  market-house,  infirmary,  union  workhouse, 
jail,  house  of  correction,  and  a  small  theatre,  are  the  other 
chief  edifices.  Corn  and  malt  are  exported  by  the  Nene. 
It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Peterborough,  pee'ter-bur-rfih,  a  post-village  in 
Peterborough  township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Contoocook  River,  and  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad,  about  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Keene. 
\t  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods 
and  thermometers.     Pop,  of  the  township,  2236. 

Peterborough,  a  post-rillage  in  Smithfield  township, 
Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  and  an  orphans'  home.     Pop.  368. 

Peterborough,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  On- 
tario, comprises  an  area  of  2485  square  miles.  It  contains 
numerous  lakes  which  give  rise  to  the  Otonabee  River  and 
many  smaller  streams.  A  railway  connects  its  capital, 
Peterborough,  with  Lake  Ontario  on  the  S.  and  Georgian 
Bay  on  the  N.     Pop.  30,473, 

Peterborough,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co. 
of  Peterborough,  on  the  navigable  Otonabee  River,  with  a 
station  on  the  Midland  Railway,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Port 
Hope,  and  94  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  6  churches,  4  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  about  70  stores,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  steam-engines,  machinery, 
agricultural  implements,  leather,  woollens,  wooden-ware, 
&Q.,  and  has  a  large  export  trade  in  grain,  pork,  and  1am- 
ber.  The  streets  are  well  laid  out  and  lighted  with  gas, 
and  a  handsome  bridge  connects  the  town  witn  Ashburnham, 
on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Otonabee.     Pop.  (1891)  9717. 

Pe'ter  Botte  (bott)  Mountain,  a  remarkable  pre- 
cipitous rock  in  the  island  of  Mauritius,  in  lat,  20°  12'  S., 
Ion.  57°  37'  E.,  and  2600  feet  in  height. 

Peterburg,  Russia.    See  Saint  Petersburg. 

Peterburgh,  England.     See  Peterborough. 

Peter  Cave,  a  posii-office  of  Martin  co.,  Ky. 

Peter  Da'na's  Point,  an  Indian  village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  on  Big  Lake,  4  miles  from  Princeton. 

Peterhead,  pee't§r-h4d,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  27  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Aberdeen,  on  the  point 
of  a  flat  rocky  promontory  projecting  into  the  North  Sea, 
in  lat.  57°  30'  V'  N.,  Ion.  1*46'  W.  Pop.  of  town  (1891), 
12,226 ;  of  parliamentary  burgh,  12,195.  It  is  regularly  and 
well  built ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  red  granite.  The  prin- 
cipal public  edifices  are  the  parish  church,  the  town  house, 
and  a  handsome  granite  cross.  It  has  a  scientific  associa- 
tion, chalybeate  springs,  a  valuable  museum,  2  public 
libraries,  and  4  branch  banks.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the 
best  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland.  Rope-making  and  ship- 
building are  carried  on.  The  products  of  the  extensive 
fisheries  of  whale,  seal,  and  herring  form  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  exports,  which  also  comprise  large  quantities 
of  fish,  oil,  and  granite ;  the  latter  is  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 
The  burgh  unites  with  Elgin,  Banfi",  Cullen,  Inverary,  and 
Kintore  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Peterhof,  pi't§r-hor,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St. 
Petersburg.     Here  is  an  imperial  palace.     Pop.  7875. 

Peterlingen,  the  German  name  of  Payerne. 

Pe'ters,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Stockton  <fc  Copperopolis  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Stockton  &  Visalia  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Stockton. 

Peters,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2603. 

Peters,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.     Pop.  943. 

Peter's,  a  station  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
15i  miles  E.  of  Covington,  Va. 

Pe'tersburg,  a  mining-camp  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal., 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.     Gold  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Petersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Dover. 

Petersburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Menard  co..  111., 
on  the  Sangamon  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Springfield  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  2  banking-houses,  7  churches,  and 
nianufactures  of  bricks,  machinery,  and  woollen  goods.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  (1890)  2342. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  111.,  in 
Venedy  township  (nearest  post-office,  Lively  Grove). 


Petersburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ind., 
in  Washington  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Vincennee, 
and  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  is  situated  on  ele- 
vated ground  1  mile  S.  of  the  White  River.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  state  bank,  a  large  brick 
school-house,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  chairs,  ploughs, 
and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  1494. 

Petersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  about 
35  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Petersburg,  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas.     See  Lansing. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky,,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  near  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  25  miles 
below  Cincinnati,  and  about  2  miles  from  Lawrenceburg, 
Ind.  It  has  a  good  landing,  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
distillery,  and  manufactures  of  cigars  and  tobacco.    P.  400. 

Petersburg,  a  village  of  Kentucky,  on  the  line  be- 
tween Christian  and  Hopkins  cos.,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  & 
Southeastern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Hopkinsville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  hotel.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
about  125.     The  name  of  its  post-offide  is  Williams. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  2  miles 
from  the  Evansville  &  Nashville  Railroad. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Summerfield  township, 
Monroe  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Adrian,  and  17 
miles  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churehes,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  woollen 
goods,  paper-pulp,  and  staves.     Pop.  in  1890,  408, 

Petersburg,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Minn., 
about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato,  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  River.  Pop.  167.  Petersburg  Post-Offioe  is  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Boonville. 

Petersburg,  a  station  in  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.  of  Boonville. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Upper  township,  Cape 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from  Mount  Pleasant  Station,  which 
is  19  miles  S.E.  of  Millville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  in  Jefferson  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Oak  Ridge  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  distillery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Petersburg  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of 
Troy.  It  has  3  churches,  nearly  40  houses,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  shirts.  'The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Hoosic  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Troy  &  Boston 
Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1718.  See  also  North 
Petersburg. 

Petersburg,  Ashland  co.,  0.    See  Mifplin. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Scioto 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Weber  Post-Office. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0,,  about  15  miles  S,S.E,  of  Youngstown, 
and  12  miles  S,W,  of  New  Castle,  Pa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  218. 

Petersburg,  Oregon.    See  Looking  Glass. 

Petersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Juniata  River,  at  the  month  of  Shaver's  Creek,  in 
West  township,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  iron- 
foundry.     Pop.  381.    See  also  York  Sulphur  Springs. 

Petersburg,  a  village  in  East  Hempfield  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lancaster  Branch  of  the  Read- 
ing A  Columbia  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Lancaster.  It 
has  4  churches.     Here  is  East  Hempfield  Post-Office. 

Petersburg,  a  post-borough  in  Penn  township.  Perry 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Sherman's  Creek,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Juniata  River,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  chairs  and  farming-tools. 
Pop.  960.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Duncannon,  and 
here  is  Duncannon  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

Petersburg,  Somerset  co..  Pa.     See  Addison. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Fayetteville,  and  about  60  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Petersburg,  a  deserted  village  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Lavaca  River,  about  95  miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  90 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  York  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


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Petersburg)  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Dinwiddle  co., 
Va.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Appomattox 
River,  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  23  miles  S.  of  Kichmond, 
and  81  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norfolk.  Lat.  37°  14'  N. ;  Ion. 
77°  21'  W.  It  is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population. 
It  is  on  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Petersburg  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Richmond  &  Petersburg  Railroad.  Another  rail- 
road extends  from  this  place  to  City  Point  on  the  James 
River.  Vessels  of  100  tons  can  ascend  the  Appomattox  to 
Petersburg,  and  larger  vessels  discharge  their  cargoes  at 
City  Point  or  Port  Walthall.  Tobacco  is  the  chief  article 
of  export.  Petersburg  contains  30  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  custom-house,  a  public  library,  the  Southern  Female 
College,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3 
weekly  newspapers.  It  has  also  several  cotton-factories, 
numerous  flouring-mills,  a  silk-mill,  gas-works,  electric 
street-railway,  2  iron-foundries,  several  machine-shops, 
and  numerous  tobacco-factories.  The  falls  of  the  river, 
immediately  above  the  city,  furnish  abundant  water- 
power.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,950;  in  1880,  21,656;  in  1890, 
22^80. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  40  miles  8.  of 
Keyser.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on  Kick- 
apoo  River,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Boscobel.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  68  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  tannery,  2  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Petersburg,  Ontario.    See  HuMBEnsTONE. 

Peter's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C., 
40  miles  N.  of  Salem,  is  drained  by  the  Dan  River.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  1491. 

Peter's  Creek,  Pennsylvania.     See  Peach  Bottom. 

Peter's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Pe'te/sfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Portsmouth,  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  1587;  of  the  borough,  6104. 

Petershagen,  pi't§rs-h3,^Gh§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser. 

Pe'tersham,  a  post-village  in  Petersham  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Athol,  and  about 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches,  the  High- 
land Institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  powder-kegs.  Pop. 
of  the  township, '1203; 

Pe'ter's  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  in  lat. 
68°  57'  S.,  Ion.  90°  46'  W. 

Peters  Islands,  two  small  islands  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  lat.  32°  21'  S.,  Ion.  133°  39'  E. 

Peter's  Land'tng,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Pe'ter's  Mount'ain,  in  Virginia,  is  situated  on  the 
boundary  between  Monroe  and  Giles  cos. 

Pe'terson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clay  township.  Clay  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  74  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Fort  Dodge.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Peterson,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  216. 

Peterson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rushford  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Peterson,  a  post-office  of  Cuming  co..  Neb. 

Peterson,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Peterson's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
South  Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  San  Jos6. 

Peterson's,  a  station  in  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
<t  Michigan  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Piqua. 

Peterson's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co..  Wash. 

Peter's  Road,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  10  miles  from  Georgetown.  It  contains  a 
hotel,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Peters- Swift,  Hanover.     See  Northex. 

Petersthal,  pi't^rs-tir,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  13  miles  E.  of  OS"enburg.     Pop.  1583. 

Pe'terstown,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Rich  Creek,  near  New  River,  23  miles  S.  of  Taloott  Station. 
It  has  several  tanneries  and  2  churches. 

Pe'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Clay  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church. 

Petersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  oo.,  Ky.,  14  niiles 
E.  of  Johnson  Junction.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 

Petersville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  2 
miles  from  the  Potomac  River,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Frederick.     Pop.  159. 


Petersville,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  CoKOQUENKMi.ia. 

Petersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lehigh  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allentown.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fco.     Pop.  75. 

Petersville,  a  hamlet  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from 
Little  Suamico.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pe'tersville,  a  post-village  and  suburb  of  London, 
Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Thames,  opposite  the  foot 
of  Lichfield  street.  Blackfriars'  bridge  connecta  it  with 
the  city.     Pop.  400. 

Petersville,  a  post- village  in  Queens  oo.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 10  miles  from  Welsford.  It  contains  6  stores  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Peterswald,  pi't§r8-*4U\  or  Peterswalde,  pA'- 
t^rs-^&rd^h,  a  frontier  village  of  Bohemia,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  in  the  Erzgebirge.     Pop.  2607. 

Peterswaldau,  pi't§rs-<^4rd6w,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  of  Mittel  Peters- 
waldau, 4068 ;  of  Ober  and  Unter  Peterswaldau,  3147. 

Peter  the  Great  Bay,  a  wide  inlet  of  the  Sea  of 
Japan,  on  the  coast  of  Russian  Manchooria,  in  lat.  42°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  132°  E.,  formerly  named  Victoria  Bay.  It  'w  di- 
vided into  two  nearly  equal  arms  by  the  Mouravieff-Amur- 
sky  promontory  and  the  Russian  Island,  which  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  a  channel  called  the  Eastern  Bos- 
phorus.  This  promontory  and  island,  forming  a  spit  of 
land  30  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad,  project  from  the 
mainland  in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  divide  the  bay  into  two 
narrow  inlets,  Amoor  Bay  on  the  W.  and  Oosooree  Bay  on 
the  E.  These  sub-inlets  are  about  30  miles  in  length  and 
10  miles  wide. 

Pe'terton,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroaid,  5  miles  S.  of  Bur- 
lingame. 

Petervirardein,  pee't§r-war'dine  (Ger.  pron.  pA't^r- 
♦aR'dine),  or  Yaraain,  vi'r&-din^  or  vi'ri-deen^  (Hun. 
Petervar,  piHSE^vaR'),  the  capital  town  of  Slavonia,  and 
the  strongest  fortress  on  the  Danube,  is  situated  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  Neusatz.  Pop.,  with 
suburbs,  4022.  It  derives  its  present  name  from  Peter  the 
Hermit,  who  here  marshalled  the  first  Crusade. 

Peth,  a  village  of  Great  Valley  township,  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Great  Valley  Station.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  shingles,  handles,  and  dowels. 

Peth'erton,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Arthur.     Pop.  130. 

Peth'erton,  North  and  South,  two  towns  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  respectively  7i  miles  N.E.  and  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Taunton.  Pop.  of  North  Petherton,  3985;  of 
South  Petherton,  2085. 

Petic,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  Pitic. 

Petina,  pi-tee'nA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, S.E.  of  Campagna,  near  Mount  Alburno.    Pop.  1907. 

P6tionviIle,  pi'te-is-'veel',  a  town  of  Hayti,  8  miles 
E.  of  Port-au-Prince. 

Petit  Bourg,  pfh-tee'  boon,  a  town  of  the  French 
Antilles,  in  the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of 
La  Pointe-£l-Pitre.     Pop.  3704. 

Petit  Caillon  Bayou,  pfh-tee'  kih^yoo'  bl'oo,  a 
small  stream  of  Terre  Bonne  parish.  La.,  flows  S.  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     It  is  bordered  by  sugar-plantations. 

Petit-Canal,  p^h-tee'-ki'nil',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Guadeloupe,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Moule.     Pop.  6153. 

Petitcodiac,  p^h-tee'koMe-ak',  a  post-village  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Petitoodiao  River, 
and  on  a  railway,  66  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  saw-mills,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  publio  hall. 

Pop.  400.  .     ,  Tu    . 

Petite  Anse,  p^h-teet'  inss,  a  small  island  of  Ibena 
parish,  La.,  in  a  marsh  near  Vermilion  Bay,  10  miles  S. 
of  New  Iberia.  It  has  a  remarkable  mine  of  good  rock 
salt,  with  a  steamboat-landing  connected  with  the  mine  by 
a  railway.  .     „    ,    . 

Petite  Cote,  p^h-teet'  k5t,  a  settlement  in  Hoohelaga 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  head  of  the  Papineau  road,  2  miles 
from  Montreal.  Here  are  extensive  limestone-quarries. 
Pop.  300. 

Petite  de  Grat,  p^h-teet'  d^h  gtk,  a  i)ost-Till»ge  In 
Richmond  oo.,  Nova  Sootia,  on  the  S.  shore  ot  Isle  Madame, 
3  miles  from  Arichat.     Pop.  350. 

Petite  Isle,  peh-teet'  eel,  in  the  river  Tamaska,  a  lit- 
tle above  the  S.  point  of  Isle  St.  Jean,  Quebec. 

Petit-Enghien,  p«h-teet'-ft»»'ghe-AN«',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons.   Pop-  1800. 

Petite  (p^h-teef)  Pas'sage,  or  Tiv'erton,  a  poet- 
village  in  Digby  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Long  Island,  30  miles 
from  Digby.     Pop.  200.     Here  is  a  light-house. 


PET 


2150 


PET 


Petite-Pierre,  La,  Alsace.    See  La  Petite-Pierre. 

Petite  Prairie,  p§li-teet'  pra'ree,  a  post-oflSce  of  St. 
Landry  parish,  La. 

Petite  Rivifere  (p§h-teet' reVe-air')  Bridge,  a  post- 
settlement  in  Lunenburg  cc,  Nova  Scotia,  20  miles  from 
Bridgetown.     Pop.  600. 

Petit  Jean  (Fr.  pron.  p^h-tee'  zh&N»),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Yell  CO.,  Ark.,  16  miles  S.  of  Dardanelle.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Petit  Jean  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Sebastian  co., 
runs  eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Logan  and  Yell,  and 
enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  12  miles  above  Lewisburg. 
It  is  about  125  miles  long. 

Petit  (p^h-teef)  Me'tis,  a  post-village  in  Rimouski 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  1  mile  W.  of  Metis. 
Pop.  160. 

Petit  Quevilly,  Le,  France.   See  Le  Petit  Quevillt. 

Petland,  p?t-lawd',  or  Pitlaud,  plt-lawd',  a  town  of 
India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Kaira.  Lat. 
22°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  57'  E. 

Peto,  pi'to,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Campeachy,  70  miles 
B.E.  of  Merida.     It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  monastery. 

Petoone,  p&-too'n&,  or  Bedonne,  b&-doo'n&,  a  town 
of  Manohooria,  on  the  Soongaree,  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  Eirin 
Oola.     It  is  garrisoned  by  Tartar  troops. 

Petorca,  p4-tor'ki,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Acon- 
cagua, 85  miles  N.E.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  2192. 

Petos'key,  a  post-village  in  Bear  Creek  township, 
Emmett  co.,  Mich.,  on  Little  Traverse  Bay  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan, at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana 
Railroad,  122  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Reed  City,  and  about  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and 
lumber.  Pop.  in  1890,  2872.  Bear  River  here  affords  much 
water-power. 

Petovio,  Pcetovio,  ancient  names  of  Pettad. 

Pe'tra  (the  Sela  or  Selah  and  Joktheel  of  Scripture),  a 
ruined  city  of  Arabia  Petrsea,  in  the  Wady  Moosa.  Lat. 
about  30°  15'  N.;  Ion.  35°  35'  E. 

Petra,  pi'tri,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  23  miles 
B.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1898. 

Pe'tra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Boonville,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  the  Missouri  River. 

Petralia,  pi-tri'le-i  (Sotana, so-ti'ni,  "Lower,"  and 
SoPRANA,  so-pri'ni,  "  Upper"),  two  coqtiguous  towns  of 
Sicily,  province  of  Palermo,  18  miles  S.  of  Cefalii.  Pop.  of 
Sotana  Petralia,  5232 ;  of  Soprana  Petralia,  5885. 

Pe'tra  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Hickory  (Catawba  co.). 

Petre'a,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta 
A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson. 

Petrel,  p&-trdl',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Valencia, 
U  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2295. 

Petrella,  p4-trSl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2930. 

Petriburgum,  a  Latin  name  for  Saint  Petersburg. 

Petrie's  (pee'triz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis 
00.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  E.  of  Lowville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Petrikau,  pi'tre-k6w\  or  Piotrkow,  pe-otr'kov,  a 
town  of  Poland,  76  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Strada, 
and  on  the  railway  from  Warsaw  to  Radomsk,  90  miles 
from  Warsaw.  It  has  a  castle,  formerly  a  residence  of  the 
Polish  kings.     Pop.  in  1884,  24,840. 

Petrikau,  or  Piotrkow,  a  government  of  Russian 
Poland,  bounded  on  the  W.,  in  part,  by  Prussia.  Area, 
4729  square  miles.     Capital,  Petrikau.     Pop.  682,495. 

Petrinia,  pi-tree'ne-4,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the 
Kulpa,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Agram.     Pop.  3766. 

Petrocorii,  an  ancient  name  of  Perioord. 

Petroleum,  pe-tro'le-um,  a  hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W. 

Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of 

Parkersburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  an  oil- 

.  refinery.     Pop.  75.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rogers. 

Petroleum  Centre,  a  post-town  in  Cornplanter  town- 
ship, Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  A 
Alleghany  River  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Oil  City,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  opera- 
tions in  oil,  which  abounds  here.     It  has  2  churches. 

Petrolia,  pe-tro'le-a,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Mattole  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Eureka. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  stores.  . 

Petrolia,  a  post-borough  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  the 
Modoc  oil  district,  and  on  the  Parker  &  Karns  City  Rail- 
road (Argyle  Station),  2  miles  from  Karns  City,  and  about 
40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churcbes,  a  bank, 
machine-shops,  oil-wells,  an  oil  exchange,  manufactures  of 
■boilers,  valve-cups,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  546. 


Petrolia,  pe-tro'le-a,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Lamb- 
ton,  situated  on  Bear  Creek,  in  the  heart  of  the  oil  regions, 
with  a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  over  100  petroleum -wells, 
producing  8000  to  10,000  barrels  weekly,  and  8  large  re- 
fineries ;  also  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  2651. 

PetropanloTsk,  pi-tro-p3w-lovsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  government  of  AkmoUinsk,  on  the  Ishim,  200 
miles  S.  of  Tobolsk.  Pop.  11,406.  It  was  nearly  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1879. 

Petropaulovski,  pi-tro-p6w-lov'skee,  or  Petro 
paulshafen,  pi-tro-pSwls'hS-f^n,  the  capital  town  of 
Kamchatka,  on  its  E.  coast,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Bay  of 
Avatcha,  in  lat.  53°  0'  27"  N.,  Ion.  158°  40'  12"  E.  Its 
port  is  small,  and  it  has  479  inhabitants,  but  it  is  the  prin- 
cipal Russian  military  station  in  this  region. 

Petrop'olis  (Port.  pron.  p4-tro-po-leess'),  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  25  miles  N.  of  Rio  Janeiro  by  ferry 
and  railway.  It  has  a  summer-palace  of  the  emperor,  and 
2  miles  distant  is  the  Petropolitan  cotton-factory,  with 
power  derived  from  a  waterfall  250  feet  high.  Many  of 
the  people  of  Petropolis  are  Germans. 

Petrovacz,  pi'troVits',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Biics.     Poj).  6902. 

Petrovitch,  or  Petrowitsch,  pi'tro-<^itch\  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Seres, 
near  the  Radovitz,  an  affluent  of  the  Struma.  It  is  enclosed 
by  a  brick  wall  flanked  with  towers,  and  has  about  1200 
houses,  and  a  trade  in  tobacco. 

Petrovka,  p4-trov'ki,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  87  miles  S.E.  of  Voronezh.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Petrovoszelo,  piHroVos*si'lo\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
4  miles  from  0  Becse.     Pop.  6682. 

Petrovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan,  on  the  W. 
shore  of  the  Caspian,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Derbend.   P.  4263. 

Petrovsk,  or  Petrowsk,  pi-trovsk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
Medvieditza.  Pop.  10,771.  It  was  founded  by  Peter  the 
Great,  in  1697,  and  has  a  citadel,  an  ancient  and  ruined 
fortress,  and  trade  in  com. 

Petrovsk,  or  Petrowsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Yaroslav.     Pop.  1574. 

Petrovskaia,  p4-trov-8ki'&,  or  Buturlinovka,  boo< 
tooR-le-nov'k&,  a  market-town  and  fort  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Voronezh,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bobrov.     Pop.  1700. 

Petrovskaia,  a  market-town  and  fort  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  63  miles  S.W.  of  Voronezh. 

Petrovskoi,  pi-trov'skoi,  is  the  name  of  petty  places 
in  Russia,  governments  of  Viatka  and  Moscow. 

Petrovskoi-Ostrov,  pi-trov'skoi-os-trov',  an  island 
in  the  Neva,  near  St.  Petersburg,  where  Peter  the  Great 
had  a  residence. 

Petrozavodsk,  pi-tro-zi-vodsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  on  the  Lake  of  Onega, 
185  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  10,901.  It  has  two 
docks  for  large  vessels,  an  extensive  cannon-foundry, 
powder-mills,  and  manufactures  of  silks. 

Pets,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  FUnfkirchen. 

Petschora,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Petchora. 

Petsh,  pStch,  Ipeick,  or  Ipek,  ee-pik',  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  73  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scutari, 
on  a  oranch  of  the  Drin.     Pop.  12,000,  mostly  Turks. 

Pet  Strait,  a  narrow  passage  between  the  W.N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Siberia  and  the  island  of  Vaigats.  It  is  often 
designated  Jugor  Strait. 

Pettau,  pit'tow  (anc.  Peto'vio  or  Poeto'vio),  a  town  of 
Styria,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Marburg,  on  the  Drave.     P.  2361. 

Pettigoe,  p5tHe-goo',  a  village  of  Ireland,  near  Lough 
Erne,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Donegal.     Pop.  525. 

Pettinengo,  pfit-te-n5n'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 4  miles  N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  2305. 

Pet'tis,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  668  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Flat  and  Muddy  Creeks,  branches  of  the  La  Mine  River, 
which  touches  the  N.E.  border  of  the  county.  The  north- 
west part  is  traversed  by  Black  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  undulating  prairies,  and  forests  of  the 
white  oak,  hickory,  elm,  ash,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
extensive  beds  of  coal  and  carboniferous  limestone.  Lower 
Silurian  limestone  also  crops  out  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
several  branches  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  and  by 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  which  meet  at  Se- 
dalia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1S70,  IS,706;  in  1880,  27,271  • 
in  1890,  31,151. 


PET 


2151 


PFO 


Pettis,  a  township  of  Adair  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1041. 

Pettis,  a  township  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3943.  It 
contains  Hampton.    . 

Pettis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 
Fairfield  townsnip,  2i  miles  from  Shaw's  Landing,  which  is 
6  miles  S.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pet'tisville,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  «o.  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Fettit,  a  post-office  of  Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind.,  about  10 
iuiles  E.  of  Lafayette. 

Pettorano,  pfit-to-r4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Vquila,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  4190. 

Pettorano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles  W. 
of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1337. 

Pet'tasville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Limestone  oo.,  Ala., 
about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pet'ty,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  111.     Pop.  1591. 

Petty  Harbor,  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  New- 
foundland, 10  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  900. 

Pet'ty  Shore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Chowan  River,  about  15  miles  below  Winton. 

Petty's  Island.     See  Treaty  Island. 

Pet'tysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Eel  River  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport. 

Pettysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
about  48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Detroit. 

Pettysville,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Pettyville,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Petuua,  pi-too'nS.,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  60  miles  W. 
of  A-She-Hoh,  near  the  river  Soongaree.     Pop.  30,000. 

Pet'worth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Chichester.     Pop.  of  the  town,  2214. 

Pet'worth,  a  post-village  in  Addington  oo.,  Ontario, 
at  the  head  of  the  river  Napanee,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Napa- 
nee.     Pop.  200. 

Petzka,  pSts'K^,  Petska,  or  Pecska,  pStch'k5h\  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  51  miles  E.S.E.  of  Szegedin. 
Pop.  14,026.  It  consists  of  two  separate  places,  Ratz- 
Petzka  and  Magyar-Petzka,  which  export  wine  and  fruit. 

Pevely,  peev'le,  a  post- village  of  JeflFerson  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
A  Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Pev'ensey,  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex, 
with  a  station  on  the  South  Coast  Railway,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hastings.     Here  are  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Peveragno,  pi-v4-rin'yo,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Coni.     Pop.  6723. 

Pev'eril,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  oo.,  Quebec,  12 
miles  from  Coteau  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Pewabic  (pe-waw'bik)  Mine,  a  village  in  Franklin 
township,  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  i  mile  from  Franklin  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church.     Copper  is  found  here. 

Pewamo,  pe-waw'mo,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  town- 
ship, Ionia  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Detroit 
&  Milwaukee  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     P.  500. 

Pewaugonee  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Wolf  River. 

Pewaukee,  pe-waw'kee,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  at  the  foot  or  E. 
end  of  Pewaukee  Lake,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  5  or  6 
miles  N.  of  Waukesha.  It  has  a  town  hall,  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  (1890)  680  ;  of  township,  2757. 

Pewaukee  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Waukesha  co., 
about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Waukesha.  It  is  nearly  5  miles 
long.     A  short  outlet  connects  it  with  Fox  River. 

Pe'wee  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <fc  Lexington  Railroad,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches  and  the  Kentucky 
College  for  young  ladies.  Many  citizens  of  Louisville  have 
country-seats  here.     Pop.  400.     See  Pee  Wee  Park. 

Pe-Yan,  pi-yin',  a  snow-covered  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen,  in  lat.  30°  5'  N.,  Ion.  102°  32'  E. 

Peyrat,  piV3,',  a  village  of  France,  Haute-Vienne,  23 
miles  E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  913. 

Peyrat,  a  village  of  Franco,  Haute-Vienne,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1308. 

Peyrat,  a  village  of  France,  Crease,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Aubusson.     Pop.  1680. 

Peyrehorade,  piR'o^rid',  a  town  of  France,  Landes, 
on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan. 

Peyrelevade,  piB^l§h-vid',  a  village  of  France,  Cor- 
reze,  near  the  Vienne.     Pop.  283. 


Peyrestortes,  piRHoRt',  a  village  of  France,  Pyr«- 
n^es-Orientales,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Perpignan. 

Peyriac  de  Mer,  piVe-ik'  d§h  maiB,  a  village  of 
France,  Aude,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  967. 

Peyriac-Minervois,  p&'re-&k'-mee'niR'TW&',  a  town 
of  France,  Aude,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Carcassonne.    Pop.  1288. 

Peyrins,  pA^riN»',  a  village  of  France,  Drdme,  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  590. 

Peyruis,  pi^nwee',  a  market-town  of  France,  Baues- 
Alpes,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  811. 

Feyrus,  pi^riiss',  a  village  of  France,  Drdme,  10  miles 
E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  807. 

Peyrusse,  pi^rilss',  a  town  of  France,  Aveyron,  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  981. 

Peyster,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Depeyster  Islands 

Peyton,  pa'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Falls  co.,  Tex. 

Peytona,  pa-to'na,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky. 

Peytona,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va. 

Peytouia,  pa-to'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Mo.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery  City. 

Peytonsburg,  pa't^nz-biirg,  a  post-office  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Ky. 

Peytonsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  oo.,  Va., 
145  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Peytonsville,  pa't9nz-vn,  a  post-office  of  Little  River 
CO.,  Ark. 

Peytonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn., 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Peytun,  piHun',  or  Puttnm,  put-tQm',  a  town  of  In- 
dia, on  the  Godavery,  30  miles  S.  of  Aurungabad. 

Peza,  pA'z&,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Archangel,  about  lat.  65°  N.  and  Ion.  50°  E.,  flows 
E.S.E. ,  and  joins  the  Mezen.     Total  course,  140  miles 

Peza,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Lapeza. 

P6z6na8,  pi^zi^nS,'  (anc.  Picinmf),  a  town  of  France, 
in  H6rault,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Herault.  Pop.  7570.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, and  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  wine,  woollen 
goods,  oil,  hats,  <fec. 

Pezo-da-Regoa,  Portugal.     See  Rkgoa. 

Pezzana,  p5t-si'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  S.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  2590. 

Pezzase,  pfit-s4'si,  or  Pezaso,  p5d-zi'so,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brescia.    P.  1700. 

Pfaffenheim,  pfiffen-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  firffin'im'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1665. 

Pfaffenhofen,  pfiff^n-ho^fen  (Fr.  pron.  firffin^'- 
ffis"'),  a  market-town  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  on  the  Moder,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Zabern.     Pop.  1459. 

Pfaffenhofen,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  Ilm, 
28  miles  N.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2448. 

Pfaffers,  Switzerland,     See  Ppeffers. 

PfElffikon,  pfWfe-kon*,  Pfeffiken,  pfiffe-k^n, 
Pfeffikon,  or  Pfeffiken,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  11  miles  E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  small 
lake  of  Pfaffikon.     Pop.  2755. 

Pfaffnau,  pfiflTnSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1762. 

Pfalz,  an  old  division  of  Germany.    See  Palatiwatb. 

Pfalzburg,  pfilts'bSoRO  (Fr.  Phaltbourg,  fils'booR'), 
a  town  of  Germ&ny,  in  Lorraine,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Zabem. 
Pop.  2425  ;  or,  with  adjacent  villages,  3857. 

Pfalzdorf,  pfilts'douf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2471. 

Pfalzel,  pfilt's^l,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3  miles 
N.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1944. 

Pfarrkirch,  pfan'kiBK,  or  Pfarrkirchen,  pfaR'- 
keeKK*§n,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  2235. 

Pfeddersheim,  pfM'd§rs-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1884. 

Pfeffers,  Pfaffers,  pfSf'f^rs,  or  Pvavers,  pvA'v^rs, 
a  watering-place  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Sargans.  The  waters  have  a  temperature  of  98° 
Fahrenheit,  and  the  place  is  much  frequented.  On  an  ad- 
jacent height  is  a  Benedictine  monastery. 

Pfeffiken,  or  Pfeffikon.    See  Pfaffikon. 

Pforing,  pfo'ring,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ingolstadt.     Pop.  1078. 

Pforte,  pfoR't^h,  or  Schuipforte,  shool'pfoB't^h,  a 
village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Merseburg,  with  a  celebrated  school,  at  which  about  200 
scholars  are  maintained  and  educated  gratuitously.    P.  462. 

Pforzheim,  pfoRts'hime  (anc.  Por'ta  Hercin'imt),  an 
ancient  city  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  at  the  conflaeno« 
of  the  Enz  and  Nagold,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.    Pop. 


PFO 


2152 


PUl 


27,207.  The  city  has  a  castle  and  a  fine  church,  with  old 
grand-ducal  vaults  and  severable  charitable  institutions.  It 
is  the  principal  manufacturing  town  of  the  grand  duchy, 
having  manufactures  of  jewelry  employing  900  hands,  and 
of  woollen  oloth,  leather,  and  chemical  products,  with  cop- 
per- and  iron-forges,  and  trade  in  timber,  oil,  and  wine. 

Pfout's  (fSwtz)  Yalley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co., 
Pa.,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pfreimt,  or  Pfreimdty  pfrimt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Amberg.     Pop.  1346.  , 

Pfullendorf,  pfddl'l^n-doRr,  a  town  of  Baden,  on 
Lake  Ilmen,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  2331. 

Pfullingen,  pf56riing-?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Black  Forest,  on  the  Echaz,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Reut- 
lingen.  Pop.  4528,  mostly  employed  in  paper-mills  and 
brush-factories  and  in  the  cultivation  of  fruit  and  wine. 

Pfungstadt)  pfddng'st&tt,  a  market-town  of  Hesse, 
province  of  Starkenberg,  5  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.  It  has 
manufactures  of  madder  and  sugar.     Pop.  4412. 

Pfyn,  pfin,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau, 
on  the  Thur,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1194. 

Phal'anx,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Nilea. 

Phalasarna,  f&-l&-8aR'n&,  a  ruined  city  of  Crete,  near 
the  W.  end  of  the  island,  its  chief  remains  being  walls  and 
towers  on  an  acropolis,  close  to  the  shore. 

Phalata^  an  ancient  name  of  Fulta. 

Phalgoo,  or  Phalgu*  f&l'goo,  a  river  of  Bengal,  is 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Mehanee  and  Lilajun,  in 
lat.  24°  44'  N.,  Ion.  85°  3'  E.  It  flows  through  Behar  and 
Patna,  and  enters  the  Ganges  in  lat.  25°  11'  N.,  Ion.  86° 
10'  E.     Total  course,  246  miles. 

Pha'tia^  a  small  bayou  of  Tammany  parish,  Louisiana, 
flows  into  the  Chefonte  River. 

Phalsbourg,  Germany.    See  Pfalzburo. 

Phaltan,  or  Fultan,  fQl-t&n',  one  of  the  Sattarah 
states  of  India.     Area,  397  square  miles.     Pop.  50,124. 

Phanagoria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Taman. 

Pharaoh  (fa'ra-o)  Jnount,  New  York,  is  in  the  S. 
part  of  Essex  co.,  about  5  miles  E.  of  Schroon  Lake.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Bluebeard  Mountain. 

Phari,  fS,'ree,  or  Paridsong,  pi,-rid-8ong',  a  fortress 
of  Thibet,  near  Bootan,  in  lat  27°  48'  N.,  Ion.  89°  14'  E. 

Pharis,  a  commune  of  Greece,  in  Laconia.    Pop.  3708. 

Pharisburg)  fa-ris-biirg,  a  post-village  in  Leesburg 
township,  Union  co.,  0.,  4i  miles  from  Broadway  Station. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

PharoSy  f&'ros,  a  peninsula,  and  anciently  an  island,  of 
Lower  Egypt,  on  which  stands  a  famous  light-house.  It 
forms  the  site  of  the  modern  city  of  Alexandria. 

Pharos  (or  Pharus)  Insula.    See  Lesina. 

Pharpar,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barbada. 

Pharsalia,  a  town  of  Thessaly.    See  Satalgb. 

Pharsalia,  far-s&'le-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pharsalia 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bing- 
hamton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1106. 

Phaselis,  the  ancient  name  of  Tekrova. 

Pha'sis,  Rion,  Rhion,  ree-on',  or  Faz,  f&z,  a  river 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  anciently  regarded  as  the  boundary  be- 
tween Europe  and  Asia,  rises  in  a  spur  of  the  Caucasus, 
traverses  Kootais,  and,  after  a  W.  course,  enters  the  Black 
Sea  at  its  E.  extremity,  near  Poti,  34  miles  N.  of  Batoom. 

Pha-Tua-Tien,  Cochin  China.    See  Hue. 

Phauga^  fSw'gi,  a  populous  seaport  of  Lower  Siam,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  N.  of  Junk-Ceylon. 
Lat.  8°  8'  N.;  Ion.  98°  17'  E. 

Phazania,  or  Phasania,  Africa.     See  Fezzan. 

Pheasant  (fez'ant)  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Mendota,  about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mad- 
ison.    Pop.  173. 

Pheas'aut  Island,  in  the  Bidassoa  River,  between 
France  and  Spain,  is  the  place  where  the  treaty  of  the 
Pyrenees  was  concluded,  September  7,  1659. 

Pheleche,  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  Feludsh. 

Phelps,  filps,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Marameo  River  and  Bourbeuse  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  oak,  hickory,  maple,  walnut,  &e.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  are  iron  ore  and  lead.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  Sc  San  Francisco  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Rolla,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,506  j  in  1880,  12,568; 
in  1890,  12,636. 

Phelps,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  576  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 


by  the  Platte  River.    The  surface  is  nearly  level.    Capital 
Holdrege.     Pop.  in  1880,  2447 ;  in  1890,  9869. 

Phelps,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo..  Mo.,  about  3( 
miles  W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  stores. 

Phelps,  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Phelps  co..  Neb. 

Phelps,  a  post-village  in  Phelps  township,  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Canandaigua  Outlet,  at  the  mouth  of  Flint 
Creek,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Geneva.  It  is  also  on  the  Sodus 
Point  &  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Auburn 
Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of 
Auburn.  It  has  5  churches,  a  classical  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  mittens,  malt, 
ploughs,  and  plaster.     Pop.  1355 ;  of  the  township,  5267. 

Phelps,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational <k  Great  Northern  Railroad,  66  miles  N.  of 
Houston.  A  branch  railroad,  8  miles  long,  extends  from 
Phelps  to  Huntsville. 

Phelps  City,  a  post-village  in  Templeton  township, 
Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  near  the  Nishnabatona  River,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluflfs  Railroad,  about  2 
miles  E.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  65  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Joseph.     It  baa  2  churches  and  a  private  bank.     Pop.  252. 

Pneng-Hoo,fdng-hoo',  Pescadores,  pds-k&-do'rSs, 
or  The  Fish'er's  Islands,  an  island  group  in  the 
channel  of  Fo-Kien,  China  Sea,  between  the  island  of  For- 
mosa and  the  mainland.  The  town  of  Makung  is  on  the 
largest  island.     Pop.  of  the  group,  80,000. 

Fhenix,  or  Pncenix,  fe'nix,  a  post-village  in  War- 
wick township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on 
the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Providence, 
and  1  mile  N.  of  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  goods  and  machinery. 

Phereh,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Frred. 

Phiala,  fe-&'ll,  a  small  lake  of  Palestine,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Banias.  It  is  1  mile  in  circumference,  sur- 
rounded by  wooded  hills,  and  was  once  supposed  to  be  the 
source  of  a  subterranean  affluent  of  the  Jordan. 

Phigaleia,  or  Phigalia,  fe-g&-Iee'y&  (called  after- 
wards Phialia,  fe-&-lee'&),  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  in 
Morea,  government  of  Messenia.  Its  remains,  on  a  pre- 
cipitous height,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Kyparissia,  consist  of 
walls,  towers,  and  a  citadel,  presenting  one  of  the  most  an- 
cient and  curious  specimens  of  Grecian  military  architec- 
ture. Within  its  walls  is  a  part  of  the  village  of  Paulizza ; 
and  4  miles  E.  are  the  ruins  of  a  famous  temple  of  Apollo. 

Philadelphia,  Asia  Minor.    See  Ala-Shebr. 

Philadelphia,  Syria.    See  Amman. 

Philadelphia,  a  county  of  Pennsylvania,  is  coexten- 
sive with  the  city  of  Philadelphia  (which  see). 

Philadelphia,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  111.,  in  Lancaster 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  27  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Lancaster 
Post-Office. 

Philadelphia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  which  connects  Indianapolis 
with  Richmond,  17  miles  £.  of  the  former.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Philadelphia,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Neshoba  oo.. 
Miss.,  34  miles  N.  of  Newton,  and  about  80  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Philadelphia,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co..  Mo., 
about  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores. 

Philadelphia,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Philadelphia  township,  on  the  Indian  River,  and  on  the 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Watertown,  and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  S 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  flour,  lumber,  and 
plaster.     Pop.  384;  of  the  township,  1709. 

Phiradel'phia  (Fr.  Philadelphie,  feeMiMSPfee' ;  Sp. 
and  It.  Filadeljia,  fe-iadSl'fe-i),  a  port  of  entry,  the  third 
city  of  the  United  States,  the  metropolis  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  coextensive  with  the  co.  of  Philadelphia,  is  situated 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Delaware,  96  miles  (by  the  ship- 
channel)  from  the  open  sea,  87  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  New 
York,  and  136  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C.  Lat.  39° 
57'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  10'  W.  The  river  Schuylkill  traverses  the 
city,  dividing  the  part  known  as  West  Philadelphia  from 
the  older  portion  of  the  town.  Along  the  Delaware  the 
water-front  measures  23  miles,  extending  from  the  mouth 
of  Poquessing  Creek  (which  enters  the  Delaware  near  Tor- 
resdale  on  the  N.E.),  southwestward  and  southward,  to  the 
embouchure  of  Bow  Creek,  at  Tinicum  Island.  The  area 
of  the  municipality  is  more  than  129  square  miles,  of  which  a 
considerable  part,  especially  in  the  N.,  is  rural  in  character,. 


PHI 


2153 


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while  other  portions  are  occu))ied  by  suburban  districts, 
embracing  several  places  which  have  almost  the  character 
of  separate  towns, — such  as  Germantown,  Chestnut  Hill, 
Frankford,  Manayunk,  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Bridesburg,  and 
Holmesburg,  with  many  minor  villages  and  hamlets,  the 
principal  of  which  are  Tacony,  Torresdale,  Byberry,  Som- 
erton,  Bustleton,  Sandiford,  01ne>,  Oxford  Church,  Cres- 
centville,  Roxborough,  Milestown,  Fox  Chase,  Verreeville, 
and  Wheat  Sheaf.  The  natural  features  of  the  site  are 
varied,  much  of  the  land  near  the  rivers,  especially  south- 
ward, being  flat  and  low ;  but  in  the  N.,  W.,  and  central 
districts  the  ground  is  high  and  easily  drained,  the  deep 
subsoil  being  mostly  a  dry  gravel,  resting  upon  gneiss  and 
granite,  but  it  is  in  part  composed  of  a  tough  clay ;  and 
much  of  the  subsoil  is  auriferous  to  a  slight  degree.  The 
city  is  remarkable  for  the  regularity  of  its  plan,  the  streets 
mostly  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles  and  dividing  the 
town  into  uniform  squares.  The  streets  running  N.  and  S. 
are  named  by  the  ordinal  numbers  from  the  Delaware  west- 
ward, thus  :  Front  street.  Second  street,  Third  street,  Ac,  up 
to  Sixty-Fifth  street  in  the  extreme  W. ;  these  are  divided 
by  Market  street,  the  principal  E.  and  W.  thoroughfare,  into 
portions  named  respectively  North  Front  and  South  Front, 
North  Second  and  South  Second,  &o.  Between  Front  and 
Second  streets  the  houses  have  the  cardinal  numbers  between 
100  and  200 ;  at  Second  street  the  numbering  is  from  200 
up ;  at  Third  street,  from  300  up ;  and  a  similar  arrange- 
ment of  numbers  prevails  on  the  streets  running  N.  and 
S.  Market  street  is  100  and  Broad  street  113  feet  wide ; 
while  the  other  principal  streets  are  mostly  60  to  66  feet  in 
breadth,  some  of  the  "  avenues"  being  much  wider.  There 
are  about  800  miles  of  paved  streets.  A  great  part  of  the 
city  is  built  of  the  excellent  bricks  for  which  Philadelphia  is 
noted ;  but  many  of  the  public  and  private  buildings  are 
of  marble,  granite,  sandstone,  and  other  material.  The 
older  parts  of  the  city  present  many  streets  of  remarkably 
uniform  and  somewhat  monotonous  aspect,  with  door-steps 
and  window-  and  door-trimmings  of  white  marble,  and 
shutters  of  wood  painted  white  ;  but  latterly  this  uniformity 
has  been  much  broken  by  the  construction  of  buildings  in 
every  variety  of  style.  Philadelphia,  known  as  the  "  city 
of  brotherly  love"  and  the  "  city  of  homes,"  is  more  re- 
markable for  the  abundance  of  domestic  comforts  and  con- 
veniences than  for  architectural  display ;  though  the  last  is 
by  no  means  wanting.  No  city  of  any  considerable  size  in 
the  world  equals  it  in  the  home  comforts  it  afifords  for  people 
of  the  middle  class,  many  of  whom  occupy  houses  of  their 
own.  A  large  part  of  the  city  is  built  upon  rented  ground, 
the  ground-rent  plan,  as  here  developed,  offering  excellent 
advantages  to  the  builder.  The  construction  of  houses  is 
also  greatly  stimulated  by  building-associations,  of  which 
there  are  many.  The  city  has  numerous  parks  and  pub- 
lic squares,  one  of  which,  Fairmount  Park,  contains  2740 
acres  and  takes  rank,  for  extent,  natural  capabilities, 
and  artificial  improvements,  among  the  very  first  in  the 
world.  It  is  traversed  by  the  fine  river  Schuylkill  and  by 
Wissahickon  Creek,  the  latter  being  noted  for  the  romantic 
wildness  of  this  part  of  its  course.  Several  of  the  cemeteries 
are  distinguished  for  excellent  landscape  effects  and  costly 
monumental  decoration,  notably  that  of  Laurel  Hill,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill.  Other  cemeteries  of  note  are 
West  Laurel  Hill,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  near 
Pencoyd  Station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad, 
Mount  Vernon  Cemetery,  on  the  E.  side  of  Ridge  Avenue, 
opposite  Laurel  liill  Cemetery,  Monument  Cemetery,  on 
North  Broad  Street,  Woodlands,  in  West  Philadelphia  (en- 
trance at  Thirty-Ninth  street  and  Darby  Road),  Glenwood, 
at  Ridge  Avenue  and  Islington  Lane,  Mount  Moriah,  on 
the  Darby  Road,  near  Sixtieth  street.  Mount  Peace,  adjoin- 
ing Mount  Vernon,  Greenwood  (Knights  of  Pythias),  in 
Frankford,  Cedar  Hill,  in  Frankford,  the  Cathedral,  on 
Lancaster  Avenue  from  Forty-Eighth  to  Fifty-First  streets. 
New  Cathedral,  at  Second  street  and  Nicetown  Lane,  Odd- 
Fellows',  on  Islington  Lane,  and  Mechanics',  adjoining  the 
Odd-Fellows' ;  besides  these  there  are  many  minor  burial- 
grounds,  some  of  them  not  now  used. 

The  educational  institutions  of  the  city  are  numerous.  At 
the  head  of  the  public-school  system  are  the  boys'  high  school, 
at  Broad  and  Green  streets,  with  about  600  pupils,  and  the 
girls'  normal  school,  occupying  a  fine  building  of  green- 
Stone,  at  Seventeenth  and  Spring  Garden  streets,  which 
cost  with  equipments  $308,954  and  affords  accommodatioM 
for  about  1500  pupils.  The  public  schools  employ  (1892) 
about  2800  teachers,  and  occupy  more  than  200  houses,  of 
which  the  city  owns  190,  together  valued  at  over  $7,000,000, 
the  amount  paid  yearly  for  salaries  exceeding  $1,060,000. 
About  125,000  pupils  are  in  attendance  at  the  schools,  and 
186 


the  annual  expenses  are  about  $2,030,000.  There  arc 
also  many  private  and  parochial  schools,  many  of  the 
latter  being  Roman  Catholic.  The  University  of  Pena- 
sylvania,  at  Thirty-Fourth  street  and  Darby  Road,  hu 
spacious  and  elegant  buildings,  includes  medical,  scientific, 
legal,  and  art  schools,  and  has  under  its  management  a 
commodious  hospital.  The  Jefferson  Medical  College,  oo 
Tenth  street  above  Walnut,  with  a  new  hospital,  affords 
instruction  to  more  students  than  any  other  medical  school 
in  the  country.  In  this  department  of  instruction  Phila- 
delphia has  special  pre-eminence, — the  Woman's  College, 
the  2  homoeopathic  schools,  and  the  2  eclectic  colleges  being 
also  well  patronized.  There  are,  besides,  2  colleges  of 
pharmacy,  3  of  dentistry,  a  polytechnic  college,  and  several 
Catholic  colleges,  of  which  La  Salle  College  is  the  largest. 
Girard  College,  occupying  spacious  buildings  of  marble, 
in  the  Corinthian  style  of  architecture,  affords  instruc- 
tion and  support  to  a  great  number  of  orphan  boys,  and 
has  very  large  funds.  The  cost  of  its  grounds  and  build 
ings  was  about  $2,000,000.  This  institution,  founded  by 
Stephen  Girard,  was  opened  in  1848.  Its  main  build- 
ing is  regarded  as  the  finest  Grecian  structure  of  modem 
times.  Other  important  schools  are  the  Episcopal  Acad- 
emy, on  Locust  street  east  of  Broad,  the  Germantown  Acad« 
emy,  the  Friends'  Central  School,  at  Fifteenth  and  Raoa 
streets,  and  the  Academy  of  Notre  Dame,  West  Rittenhouso 
Square.  Among  art  schools  are  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
at  Broad  and  Cherry  streets  (with  admirable  collections 
and  a  fine  edifice),  and  the  School  of  Design  for  Women. 
Several  religious  denominations  have  here  schools  of  divin- 
ity, those  of  the  Catholics,  Episcopalians,  and  Lutherans 
being  especially  important.  Among  scientific  institutions 
are  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  at  Nineteenth  and 
Race  streets,  with  grand  collections,  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, the  Zoological  Society  (with  well-kept  gardens  in 
Fairmount  Park),  the  Franklin  Institute,  on  Seventh  street 
below  Market,  the  Wagner  Free  Institute,  the  Horticultural 
Society,  the  Philosophical  Society,  and  the  Entomological 
Society,  with  a  very  fine  library  and  a  large  collection  of 
insects.  The  Philadelphia  Library,  with  a  new  edifice  on 
Locust  street  east  of  Broad,  and  a  branch  institution,  with 
an  elegant  building,  known  as  the  Ridgway  Branch,  on 
South  Broad  street,  has  a  large  and  choice  collection  of 
books.  Other  large  libraries  are  the  Mercantile  Library, 
on  Tenth  street  above  Chestnut,  the  Southwark  Library, 
the  Friends'  Library,  the  Athenasum,  the  Apprentices' 
Library,  and  the  libraries  of  the  Law  Association  and  the 
Pennsylvania  Historical  Society.  The  Mechanics'  Institute, 
the  Spring  Garden  Institute,  the  Moyamensing  Institute,  the 
Wagner  Free  Institute,  the  Catholic  Philopatrian  Institute^ 
the  Kensington  Institute,  the  German  Society,  the  Odd- 
Fellows,  the  Numismatic  &  Antiquarian  Society,  the  His- 
torical Societies  of  the  Friends,  Baptists,  Methodists,  Pres- 
byterians, and  the  principal  institutions  of  learning,  hare 
all  valuable  libraries.  Among  the  public  buildings  not 
already  mentioned  the  largest  is  the  new  city  hall,  in  the 
French  Renaissance  style,  at  the  intersection  of  Broad  and 
Market  streets,  which  occupies  a  larger  area  (nearly  4^  acres, 
exclusive  of  court-yards)  than  any  other  public  building 
in  America,  and  whose  tower,  rising  to  an  altitude  of  610 
feet  above  the  pavement,  is  surmounted  by  a  colossal  bronta 
statue  of  William  Penn,  37  feet  in  height.  This  building 
was  begun  in  1871.  Other  prominent  buildings  are  the 
new  post-oflBce,  an  elegant  granite  structure,  with  fronts  on 
Chestnut,  Ninth,  and  Market  streets  (which  with  its  site 
cost  $8,000,000).  the  historic  Independence  Hall,  the  United 
States  custom-house,  the  masonic  temple  (a  splendid  build- 
ing in  the  Norman  style,  which  cost  $1,300,000  and  is 
among  the  finest  structures  of  its  class  in  existence),  the 
United  States  Mint,  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  the  Com- 
mercial Exchange,  the  naval  asylum  and  hospital,  the 
United  States  arsenals,  the  Philadelphia  hospital  and  alms- 
house, the  Pennsylvania  hospital,  the  Eastern  penitentiary, 
Moyamensing  prison,  the  house  of  correction,  the  house 
of  refuge,  the  Academy  of  Music,  the  numerous  theatres, 
several  of  which  are  fine  buildings  with  excellent  acoustic 
properties,  and  Memorial  Hall  and  Horticultural  Hall,  in 
West  Fairmount  Park,  imposing  structures  which  were 
originally  erected  for  use  in  the  great  Centennial  Exhibition 
of  1876.  Few  cities  have  so  many  and  excellent  charitiec. 
such  as  hospitals  and  asylums  for  the  poor,  the  insane, 
the  blind,  Ac.  Besides  those  already  noticed,  there  msy  be 
mentioned  the  Episcopal  and  Presbyterian  hospiuls,  the 
(Catholic)  hospitals  of  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Mary,  homes 
for  the  aged  (mostly  private  and  denominational,  and 
some  26  in  number),  the  Municipal,  German,  Wills,  Christ 
Church,  Pennsylvania  Insane,  Charity,  Jewish,  Orthopedio. 


PHI 


m&i 


PHI 


Children's,  Women's,  Homoeopathic,  State,  and  other  hos- 
pitals. Friends'  Insane  Asylum,  the  Preston  Retreat,  and 
more  than  20  orphanages  and  children's  homes,  besides  a 
large  number  of  dispensaries  and  organized  societies  for  the 
relief  of  distress,  poverty,  and  sickness,  many  of  them  under 
public  and  others  under  ecclesiastical  supervision.  * 

The  number  of  churches  and  places  of  worship  is  about 
650,  those  of  the  Methodists,  Presbyterians,  Episcopalians, 
Baptists,  and  Roman  Catholics  being  most  numerous  in  the 
order  named.  Among  the  handsomest  and  most  remark- 
able are  the  cathedral  church  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 
(Roman  Catholic),  on  Eighteenth  street  above  Race;  the 
synagogue  of  Rodef  Shalom,  at  Broad  and  Mount  Vernon 
streets;  the  Beth  Eden,  Fifth,  Tabernacle,  First,  and  Memo- 
rial Baptist  churches;  the  Lutheran  church  of  the  Holy 
Communion,  at  Broad  and  Arch  streets ;  the  Central  Con- 
gregational church,  at  Eighteenth  and  Green  streets ;  the 
Methodist  church  at  Broad  and  Arch  streets ;  the  Second, 
West  Arch  Street,  Alexander,  Bethany,  North  Broad,  and 
Tabernacle  Presbyterian  churches;  the  Episcopalian  churches 
of  the  Incarnation  (at  JSroad  and  Jefferson  streets),  Holy 
Trinity  (at  Walnut  and  Nineteenth  streets),  St.  Mark's 
(Sixteenth  and  Locust  streets),  St.  Stephen's  (Tenth  street 
above  Chestnut),  St.  Jude,  St.  James  (Twenty-Second  and 
Walnut  streets),  Gloria  Dei,  St.  Peter's  (Third  and  Pine 
streets),  Christ  Church  (Second  street  above  Market),  and 
St.  James  (Frankford),  the  four  last  having  much  historic 
interest;  the  First  (Dutch)  Reformed ;  St.  Bonifacius'  church 
(Roman  Catholic),  and  the  church  of  the  Restoration  (Uni- 
versalist).  Philadelphia  is  the  seat  of  an  Episcopalian 
bishop  and  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop.  Several  of  the 
religious  and  benevolent  societies  of  the  country  have  their 
headquarters  here,  and  some  of  them  occupy  handsome 
buildings.  Many  of  the  hotels  and  private  club-houses  are 
of  good  architecture,  and  possess  every  means  of  comfort 
and  convenience.  There  are  numerous  buildings  of  historic 
interest  from  their  association  with  persons  and  events  prom- 
inent in  the  colonial  and  Revolutionary  periods.  In  the 
older  parts  of  the  city  there  remain  several  curious  old 
market-houses;  but  the  newer  structures  of  the  kind  are 
commodious  and  excellent.  There  are  published  in  the  city 
21  daily,  110  weekly,  118  monthly,  and  26  other  periodi- 
cals.    Philadelphia  has  also  a  large  book-trade. 

Besides  the  art  collections  contained  in  the  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts  and  other  public  institutions,  there  are  in  the 
city  some  of  the  best  private  galleries  in  the  United  States; 
and  Philadelphia  is  one  of  the  acknowledged  centres  of 
literary,  dramatic,  and  artistic  culture.  There  are  many 
musical,  art,  and  literary  societies,  some  of  them  influential 
and  important.  The  Pennsylvania  Museum  and  School  of 
Industrial  Art  has  a  valuable  collection  in  Memorial  Hall, 
Fairmount  Park. 

Of  the  theatres  the  largest  and  finest  is  the  Academy  of 
Music,  above  mentioned.  Besides  the  public  parks,  there 
are  in  the  environs  of  the  city  numerous  private  pleasure- 
grounds,  riding-parks,  and  the  like.  There  are  also  nu- 
merous athletic,  boating,  yachting,  fishing,  and  sportsmen's 
clubs  and  societies,  some  of  which  are  probably  older  than 
any  others  now  existing  in  this  country.  The  suburban 
district  is  an  extensive  one,  reaching  (in  some  directions) 
far  beyond  the  city  limits  into  the  adjoining  counties  of 
Bucks,  Montgomery,  and  Delaware,  and  into  the  state  of 
New  Jersey.  To  the  W.  of  the  city,  along  the  main  line  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  is  a  fine  succession  of  charm- 
ing half-suburban,  half-country  villages,  of  which  Bryn- 
Mawr  is  perhaps  the  finest.  The  western  suburbs  are  the 
seat  of  several  noted  schools  (such  as  Haverford,  Swarth- 
more,  and  Villanova  colleges),  and  of  many  charitable  insti- 
tutions founded  and  sustained  by  Philadelphians. 

Accessible  from  the  sea  by  the  largest  merchant  steamers, 
connected  by  navigable  waters  and  by  lines  of  railway  with 
the  anthracite  coal  regions  of  the  state,  and  being  the  ob- 
jective point  of  many  railways  (among  which  are  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading,  the  United 
Railways  of  New  Jersey,  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc 
Baltimore,  the  North  Pennsylvania  division  of  the  Phila- 
adelphia  &  Reading,  the  Camden  &  Atlantic,  the  Atlantic 
City,  the  Philadelphia  <fe  Chester  branch  of  the  Philadel- 
phia <fc  Reading,  and  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  <fe  New 
York),  Philadelphia  takes  a  high  rank  as  a  seat  of  foreign, 
domestic,  and  coastwise  trade.  Leading  articles  of  export 
are  anthracite  and  gas  coals,  petroleum,  iron  and  iron  goods, 
machinery  and  other  goods  manufactured  here,  cotton  (raw 
and  manufactured),  grain  and  provisions,  live-stock,  lumber, 
fertilizers,  and  tobacco.  Girard  Point,  on  the  Schuylkill, 
is  the  great  seat  of  grain-  and  provision-shipment,  and  Port 
Richmond,  on  the  Delaware,  of  the  anthracite  -trade,  while 


Gibson's  Point,  on  the  Schuylkill,  and  Greenwich  Point,  on 
the  Delaware,  have  costly  appliances  for  loading  vessels 
with  petroleum  and  coal.  Lines  of  steamers  connect  the  city 
with  Liverpool,  Antwerp,  the  West  Indies,  and  nearly  all  the 
important  ports  of  the  United  States.  The  steamers  of  the 
American  line,  plying  between  Philadelphia  and  Liverpool, 
are  the  only  transatlantic  steamers  carrying  the  American 
flag,  and  Philadelphia  and  the  cities  of  Chester,  Pa.,  and 
Wilmington,  Del.,  all  situated  on  the  Delaware,  are  the 
only  American  ports  where  the  building  of  iron  ships  has 
been  carried  on  to  any  noteworthy  extent.  At  League 
Island,  in  the  S.  portion  of  the  city,  is  one  of  the  largest 
of  the  United  States  navy-yards,  and  near  it  is  Fort  Mif- 
flin, the  principal  defensive-  military  work  near  the  city. 
The  total  value  of  exports  from  the  port  for  the  year  end- 
ing June  30,  1892,  was  $53,541,457,  and  of  imports, 
$60,006,791.  The  number  of  American  and  foreign  vesseli 
entering  the  port  of  Philadelphia  during  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1892,  was  1588,  with  an  aggregate  tonnage  of 
1,733,147.  The  number  of  passengers  arriving  at  this  port 
for  the  same  year  was  32,754,  of  whom  31,102  were  immi- 
grants. The  city  has  41  national  and  3  state  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  (1892)  of  nearly  $23,000,000.  Many 
of  the  banks  and  mercantile  institutions  occupy  buildings 
of  great  cost  and  fine  architectural  proportions. 

No  city  in  the  United  States  has  latterly  made  such  re 
markable  advances  in  the  extent  and  value  of  foreign  trade 
as  Philadelphia.  The  advancement  here  noticed  is  due 
partly  to  the  extension  of  her  railroad  connections,  and 
partly  to  the  development  of  the  great  mineral  fields  of 
Pennsylvania.  Commercial  operations  are  facilitated  by  a 
board  of  trade,  a  commercial  exchange,  a  clearing-house, 
several  business  exchanges,  a  number  of  warehousing  com- 
panies, brokers'  and  other  boards,  &c.  There  are  excellent 
dry-docks,  marine  railways,  and  yards  for  the  construction 
and  repair  of  shipping.  Philadelphia  is  a  great  seat  of  the 
lumber-trade,  the  main  supplies  being  drawn  from  the  north- 
ern part  of  the  state  and  from  Virginia  and  the  Carolinas. 
A  large  business  is  done  in  supplying  merchandise  to 
the  West  and  Southwest,  to  the  interior  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  to  the  Middle  Atlantic  States.  The  business  of  fire, 
marine,  and  life  insurance  is  extensively  carried  on,  employ- 
ing a  large  amount  of  capital.  Institutions  for  savings 
are  not  numerous,  but  most  of  them  are  financially  strong. 
The  canals  which  run  along  the  Schuylkill  and  Delaware 
transmit  very  considerable  amounts  of  coal  and  bulky 
freight  to  the  city.  The  principal  fishery  carried  on  from 
the  port  of  Philadelphia  is  that  of  shad  and  river  herring, 
extensively  taken  in  the  Delaware  in  the  spring  of  the 
year.  There  is  a  large  oyster-trade,  the  supply  being 
largely  from  the  waters  of  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  New 
Jersey  coast.  For  peaches  and  small  fruits,  Philadelphia 
is  one  of  the  principal  markets  in  the  Union ;  and  in  the 
importation  of  tropical  and  Mediterranean  fruits  it  is  ahead 
of  all  other  American  seaports.  The  ship-channel  is  thor- 
oughly lighted  and  buoyed,  and  has  25  feet  of  water  at  high 
and  19  at  low  tide. 

The  manufactures  of  Philadelphia  constitute  its  largest 
business  interest,  and  afford  occupation  and  support  to  by 
far  the  majority  of  persons  employed  at  wages.  Some  of 
the  outer  wards  (formerly  the  suburban  villages  and  dis- 
tricts of  Manayunk,  Kensington,  <fcc.),  and  the  5th,  6th, 
and  11th  wards  of  the  original  city,  are  largely  occupied 
by  manufacturing  establishments,  many  of  them  oC  im- 
mense extent,  not  only  in  the  area  takei  up  by  their  build- 
ings, but  in  the  amount  of  capital  invested,  the  number  of 
hands  employed,  and  the  amount  and  value  of  their  prod- 
acts,  some  of  the  mills  and  factories  being  indeed  among 
the  most  extensive  in  the  world,  though  there  are  also  a 
great  number  of  workshops  of  less  extent,  down  to  those 
wherein  the  owner  is  the  sole  worker.  Within  the  score 
of  years  last  past  the  growth  and  development  in  manufac- 
tures, especially  in  some  branches,  has  been  almost  unpre- 
cedented, as,  for  example,  in  the  group  of  textile  fabrics, 
the  output  of  which  has  considerably  more  than  doubled 
in  every  particular,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  clothing, 
which  is  estimated  to  have  more  than  trebled  during 
this   period.     During  the  decade   from  1880  to  1890  the 


growth  of  manufactures  in  Philadelphia  continued  at  a  re- 
markable rate.  As  given  in  the  preliminary  report  of  the 
census  ofiSce,  1890,  the  number  of  industries  reported  was 


I 


289  (in  1880,  224);  number  of  establishments,  18,148  (in 
1880,  8567) ;  capital,  $362,895,272  (in  1880,  $187,148,857); 
hands  employed,  253,073  (in  1880,  185,257);  wages  paid, 
$132,436,268(in  1880,  $64,265,966);  cost  of  materials,  $302,- 
623,539  (in  1880,  $199,155,477);  value  of  product,  $564,- 
323,762  (in  1880,  $324,342,935).     The  following  totals  for 


PHI 


2155 


PUI 


1890  appear  in  the  report  for  special  industries:  boots  and 
shoes,  capital  $4,185,794,  product  $6,851,834;  chemicals, 
capital  $11,264,183,  product  $9,652,760;  foundries  and 
machine-shops,  capital  $34,469,632,  product  $31,195,028; 
hats  and  caps,  capital,  $3,048,022,  product  $3,388,220 ;  iron 
and  steel,  capital  $6,475,614,  product  $7,201,807  ;  printing 
and  publishing,  capital  $32,765,323,  product  $25,172,053; 
ship-building,  capital  $1,291,776,  product  $959,128  ;  slaugh- 
tering and  meat-packing,  capital  $4,465,242,  product  $16,- 
234,166;  sugar  and  molasses  refining,  capital  $8,207,655, 
product  $46,598,524 ;  textiles,  capital  $77,246,625,  product 
$98,332,618.  Including  small  establishments  and  indus- 
tries not  fully  reported,  the  aggregate  figures  for  capital, 
products,  etc.,  would  be  considerably  increased. 

The  public  health  has  improved  in  late  years,  since  the 
great  extension  and  improvement  of  the  sewerage  system, 
and  the  city  takes  a  high  rank  in  a  sanitary  point  of  view. 
The  water-supply  is  good,  being  principally  derived  from 
the  Schuylkill  at  Fairmount  by  hydraulic  pumping,  por- 
tions of  the  city  being  supplied  by  steam  pumping-works 
on  the  same  river  and  on  the  Delaware.  Of  the  numerous 
public  drinking-fountains  several  are  highly  ornamental 
works  of  art.  Street  travel  is  facilitated  by  one  of  the  most 
extensive  and  complete  systems  of  street  railways  in  the 
world.  The  Schuylkill  is  crossed  within  the  city  limits  by 
numerous  bridges,  several  of  them  very  handsome  and  ex- 
pensive, the  Girard  avenue,  Callowhill  street,  and  Chestnut 
street  bridges  being  the  finest,  the  first-named  having  a 
width  of  100  feet.  Seven  lines  of  steam  ferry  (besides 
freight  railway-car  transfer  lines)  cross  the  Delaware,  con- 
necting the  city  with  Camden  and  Gloucester,  N.J. 

An  important  feature  in  the  social  life  of  Philadelphia  is 
the  great  number  of  benevolent,  protective,  temporance,  and 
friendly  associations,  a  class  of  organizations  which  here 
attain  a  development  greater  than  in  any  other  American 
city.  The  Freemasons,  Odd-Fellows  (of  three  or  more 
orders).  Knights  of  Pythias,  Red  Men,  Good  Templars, 
Huragari,  Druids,  Good-Fellows,  and  many  other  societies 
of  somewhat  similar  character  have  here  strong  and  nu- 
merous lodges.  There  are  many  private  charities,  organ- 
ized and  unorganized ;  and  in  times  of  public  distress  there 
are  always  a  number  of  special  organizations  for  the  relief 
of  the  needy.  In  this  respect  it  would  be  hard  to  find  a 
city  which  surpasses  Philadelphia,  liberal  and  unques- 
tioning charity  being  one  of  the  traditional  and  inherited 
characteristics  of  the  place.  Always  the  seat  of  great  busi- 
ness enterprise,  the  commercial  character  of  the  town  is 
now,  as  formerly,  one  of  solidity  and  financial  strength. 

The  city  government  is  vested  in  a  mayor  and  in  a  select 
and  a  common  council.  The  mayor  is  elected  for  a  term  of 
three  years,  with  the  right  of  veto  or  approval  of  ordi- 
nances passed  by  the  councils.  The  city  is  (1895)  divided 
into  37  wards,  each  sending  one  member  to  the  select 
council,  the  members  of  which  serve  for  terms  of  three 
years.  The  common  council  is  a  larger  body,  whose  mem- 
bers are  chosen  for  terms  of  two  years.  The  more  impor- 
tant city  officers  mostly  are  elected  by  the  people,  though 
some  are  chosen  by  the  maybr,  and  still  others  by  the  courts 
and  the  councils.  Besides  the  city  oflicers  proper,  there  is 
a  sheriflf,  with  other  officers  connected  with  the  county  or- 
ganization. The  city  maintains  an  effective  police  force, 
under  the  direct  control  of  the  mayor ;  besides  a  distinctly- 
organized  river  and  harbor  police.  The  judiciary  of  Phila- 
delphia is  conspicuous  for  ability  and  integrity.  There  are 
four  courts  of  common  pleas  and  an  orphans'  court;  and 
courts  of  quarter  sessions  and  oyer  and  terminer  are  held 
by  the  common  pleas  j  udges,  of  whom  there  are  twelve,  three 
constituting  each  court  of  common  pleas.  The  orphans' 
court  also  consists  of  three  judges.  Besides  these  courts 
there  are  twenty-four  minor  courts,  designated  magistrates' 
courts,  distributed  so  that  one  is  held  in  each  of  24  districts 
into  which  the  city  is  divided.  Philadelphia  is  also  the 
seat  of  the  United  States  district  court  for  the  Eastern  Dis- 
trict of  Pennsylvania;  and  the  United  States  circuit  court 
of  the  Third  Circuit,  and  the  supreme  court  of  the  state,  sit 
here  at  stated  times.  The  revenue  of  the  city  is  derived 
partly  from  taxation  and  partly  from  the  rent  of  wharves, 
markets,  and  other  city  property,  from  water  and  gas  bills, 
and  the  like.  Taxes  are  levied  almost  entirely  upon  real 
property.  The  debt  of  the  city  is  large,  but  the  public 
credit  is  good,  and  the  city  bonds  find  ready  purchasers. 
The  principal  social  element  in  colonial  days  was  composed 
of  the  Friends,  many  of  whose  descendants  are  still  found 
here.  The  original  Swedish  colonists  were  settled  chiefly 
in  the  quarter  now  called  Southwark.  Germantown  was 
settled  by  Francis  Pastorius,  with  a  colony  of  Germans  hold- 
ing opinions  similar  to  those  of  the  Quakers;  and  from  that 


time  on  the  German  element  in  Philadelphia  and  vieiaitj 

has  always  been  large.  At  present  there  is  a  large  number 
of  German-speaking  residents,  chiefly  of  foreign  birth ; 
and  many  of  the  operatives  are  of  English  and  Irish 
origin.  There  are  also  conriderable  numbers  of  Frenoh- 
and  Italian-speaking  citize>is ;  but  there  are  no  gTB&t  colo- 
nies or  neighborhoods  where  the  Italian,  French,  Polish, 
and  Bohemian  languages  prevail,  as  in  New  York,  the  tend- 
ency here  being  towards  the  rapid  Americanization  of 
these  elements.  Since  1870  the  growth  of  Philadelphia 
has  been  very  rapid,  large  areas  (especially  in  the  north- 
western and  southern  parts  of  the  city)  having  been  covered 
during  the  time  with  substantial  and  handsome  buildings : 
but  in  many  quarters  great  numbers  of  houses  (usually  of 
somewhat  inferior  character)  have  been  put  up  by  a  cheap 
co-operative  plan  known  as  the  "bonus"  system. 

History. — In  1638  the  Swedes  of  Delaware  settled  to 
some  extent  within  the  present  limits  of  Philadelphia,  then 
called  by  the  native  name  of  Wioaco.  In  1682,  Philadel- 
phia was  founded  and  named  by  William  Penn  as  the  capital 
of  his  new  colony  of  Pennsylvania,  after  a  regular  purobasa 
from  the  Indians,  ratified  (it  is  iaid)  by  treaty  in  due  form ; 
but  the  evidence  of  this  treaty  having  ever  been  made  is 
traditional  rather  than  documentary,  and  the  fact  is  sharply 
questioned.  A  stone  monument  marks  the  place  where  the 
treaty  is  said  to  have  been  made  by  Penn.  The  name  of 
Philadelphia  (brotherly  love)  was  given  by  Penn  both  in 
reference  to  the  ancient  city  of  that  name  in  Asia  Minor  and 
from  its  embodying  principles  he  had  so  much  at  heart.  The 
object  of  this  celebrated  man  in  planting  this  new  colony 
was,  to  use  his  own  words,  "to  afibrd  an  asylum  to  the  good 
and  oppressed  of  all  nations,  to  frame  a  government  which 
might  be  an  example  to  show  men  as  free  and  as  happy  as 
they  could  be."  From  1723  to  his  death,  in  1790,  Ben- 
jamin Franklin  lived  in  Philadelphia,  and  made  a  strong 
impression  upon  the  public  and  social  affairs  of  the  town. 
In  this  city  met  most  of  the  Congresses  of  the  Revolution, 
and  from  hence  went  forth,  in  doubt  and  forebodings  on  the 
part  of  many  and  in  confident  reliance  on  the  part  of  others, 
that  world-renowned  instrument,  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, which  was  read  from  a  stand  in  the  State- Hous* 
yard  by  Captain  John  Hopkins,  July  4, 1776.  The  conven- 
tion that  formed  the  present  constitution  of  the  United 
States  met  in  Philadelphia,  May,  1787.  Here  resided  the 
first  President  of  the  United  States  (in  a  building  which 
stood  in  Market  street,  one  door  E.  of  Sixth  street,  S.  side), 
and  here  Congress  assembled  for  nearly  ten  years  after  the 
adoption  of  the  present  constitution.  In  consequence  of 
the  disastrous  battles  of  Brandywine  and  Germantown,  the 
British  army  had  possession  of  this  city  from  September, 
1777,  to  June,  1778.  In  1790  the  steamboat  of  John  Fitoh 
began  to  make  regular  trips  on  the  Delaware.  In  the  autumn 
of  1793  the  yellow  fever  visited  Philadelphia,  and  carried 
off  more  than  4000  persons  out  of  a  population  of  a  little 
over  40,000,  of  whom  half,  it  was  thought,  had  fled  the  city. 
This  pestilence  again  visited  Philadelphia  in  1798,  but  wa* 
not  so  fatal  as  in  1793.  The  Asiatic  cholera  ravaged  the  city 
in  the  summer  of  1832,  and  swept  off  771  victims.  In  1849 
and  1854  it  renewed  its  ravages,  but  was  less  fatal  than  on 
its  first  occurrence.  In  1838  the  Pennsylvania  Hall,  belong 
ing  to  the  Abolitionists,  was  attacked  by  a  mob  and  burned, 
the  Shelter  for  Colored  Orphans  fired,  and  the  negro  quarters 
attacked.  In  1844  the  city  was  disquieted  by  riot»  in  the 
northern  and  southern  suburbs,  caused  by  jealousies  be- 
tween the  Protestants  and  Catholics,  in  which  several  Cath- 
olic churches  were  burned.  On  both  occasions  the  military 
were  called  out  and  several  lives  were  lost.  In  1854  the 
districts  of  Moyamenslng,  Southwark,  Kensington,  North- 
ern Liberties,  Spring  Garden,  and  West  Philadelphia,  and 
the  boroughs  and  townships  of  the  entire  county,  were 
consolidated  with  the  city  proper.  In  1864  a  great  fair  waa 
held  in  Logan  Square,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Philadel- 
phia branch  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Commission, 
affording  more  than  a  million  dollars  for  the  relief  of  sick 
and  wounded  soldiers.  In  1872  the  city  waa  visited  by  a 
great  epidemic  of  smallpox.  In  1876  (one  hundred  yean 
after  the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  issued)  the  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition  was  held  «n  grounds  at  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Fairmount  Park.  This  was  the  best-attended 
and  in  many  respects  the  most  suooessful  of  all  the  great 
international  expositions  yet  held,  and  is  believed  to  have 
materially  advanced  the  commercial  and  industrial  interests 
of  the  city. Inhab.  PHiLAnELPHiAW,  fll-a-dil'fe-^n. 

The  population  of  Philadelphia  was  4600  in  the  ye»' 
1700  ;  in  1760,  12,500;  in  1800,  70,287;  in  1840,  220,623; 
in  1860,668,034;  in  1870,  674,022;  in  1880,  847,170;  ia 
18»0, 1,046,964. 


PHI 


2156 


PHI 


Philadelphia^  a  post-ofSce  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C., 
about  100  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Charleston. 

Philadelphia^  a  post-village  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Enozville.     It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc. 

Philadelphia  Road,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  1  mile  from  Bayview  Station,  and  about  7  miles  £. 
of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  college  or  seminary. 

Philadelphia  Road,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  0., 
on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Dennison. 

Philadelphia  Station,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co., 
0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Canal  Dover. 

Phi'Ise,  an  island  of  Upper  Egypt,  in  the  Nile,  above 
the  first  cataract,  close  to  the  Nubian  frontier,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Asswan.  Length,  only  400  yards,  but  it  contains 
some  of  the  finest  Egyptian  remains  extant,  comprising  4 
temples,  a  long  colonnade,  several  obelisks,  <fco.,  with  a 
Roman  triumphal  arch  and  other  antiquities. 

Philan'der,  a  hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Albany. 

Philan'thropy,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  oo.,  0. 

Philates,  fe-l4'tds,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Epirus,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Delvino.     Pop.  4000. 

Fhil'ip  Island,  a  British  island  in  the  Pacific,  S.  of 
Norfolk  Island.     Lat.  29°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  167°  47'  E. 

Philip  Islands,  two  small  islands  of  the  Carolines,  5 
miles  apart.     Lat.  8°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  140°  52'  E. 

Philippeville,  fee'leepVeel',  a  fortified  town  of  Bel- 
gium, province  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Namur,  on  a  height 
in  the  forest  of  Ardennes.  Pop.  1600.  Near  it  are  iron- 
works and  stone-quarries. 

Philippeville,  feeMeepVeel',  a  fortified  town  of  Al- 
geria, department  and  56  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Constan- 
tino, on  the  Gulf  of  Stora,  35  miles  W.  of  Bona,  founded 
by  the  French.     Pop.  13,022. 

Philip'pi,  a  ruined  town  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Drama.  In  the  plain  W.  of  it,  B.C.  42,  the 
memorable  actions  took  place  in  which  the  troops  of  Oo- 
tavius  and  Antony  defeated  those  of  Brutus  and  Cassius 
and  put  an  end  to  the  republican  government  of  Rome. 

Pnilippi,  fe-lip'pi  or  fil'ip-p6,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Tygart's  Valley  River,  aoout 
88  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Grafton. 
It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  and  a  tan- 
nery. A  battle  occurred  here,  June,  1861,  between  a  few 
regiments  of  Unionists  and  a  small  body  of  Confederates. 

Philippine,  fee'lip-peen',  a  fortified  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Zeeland,  6i  miles  W.  of  Axel.     Pop.  678. 

Philippine  (fil'ip-pin)  Islands  (Sp.  lala*  Filipinos, 
ees'lis  fe-le-peo'nis;  Fr.  hlea  Philippines,  eel  fee'leep*- 
peen' ;  Ger.  Philippinische  Inseln,  fe-lip-pee'nish-^h  in'- 
B^lu),  a  large  and  important  group  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, forming  its  N.  division,  and,  next  to  Cuba,  the  most 
valuable  colonial  possession  of  Spain,  chiefly  between  lat.  5° 
32'  and  19°  38'  N.  and  Ion.  117°  and  126°  E.,  having  N.  and 
E.  the  Pacific  Ocean,  W.  the  China  and  Sooloo  Seas,  and  S. 
the  Sea  of  Celebes.  There  are  about  1200  islands  in  all, 
of  which  408  are  inhabited.  Principal  islands,  Luzon, 
Mindanao,  and  Palawan,  with  Mindoro,  Panay,  Negros, 
Zebu,  Bohol,  Leyte,  Samar,  Masbate,  and  many  of  less  size. 
Total  area,  estimated  at  about  115,528  square  miles,  and  the 
pop.  at  about  8,000,000.  The  islands  are  of  volcanic  for- 
mation, traversed  by  a  chain  of  mountains  from  N.  to  S., 
rising  in  some  of  them  to  6000  feet,  and  some  of  these  are 
still  active  volcanoes.  The  coasts  of  most  of  them  are 
deeply  indented  by  the  sea,  and  the  larger  islands  are  well 
watered  by  large  streams,  with  estuaries  afibrding  excellent 
harbors.  Earthquakes  are  of  frequent  occurrence.  The 
group  is  within  the  range  of  the  monsoons,  and  violent 
hurricanes  are  common.  From  May  to  September  the  W. 
coasts  are  deluged  with  rain,  while  the  October  monsoon 
brings  rain  to  the  E.  coasts,  which  are  at  other  seasons  dry. 
The  high  temperature  and  abundance  of  moisture  produce 
a  luxuriant  vegetation,  so  that  they  are  capable  of  yielding 
all  kinds  of  colonial  and  probably  European  produce. 
Rice,  millet,  maize,  sugar,  indigo,  hemp,  lobacco,  cofiee, 
and  cotton  are  raised ;  and  sago,  cocoa-nuts,  bananas,  cin- 
namon, betel,  numerous  fine  fruits,  timber  for  ship-build- 
ing, and  dye-woods,  are  among  the  products.  Buffaloes, 
and  most  of  the  domestic  animals  common  in  Europe,  are 
reared ;  the  horse,  introduced  by  the  Spaniards,  runs  wild 
among  the  mountains.  The  wild  animals  comprise  the  an- 
telope, fox,  wild  cat,  and  monkey ;  the  cayman  is  found  in 
the  rivers  and  lakes,  the  tortoise  abounds  on  the  shores  ; 
fish  are  very  abundant,  and  serpents  numerous.  Among 
the  birds  of  the  islands  are  the  parrot,  a  species  of  pheas- 


ant, pigeon,  and  water-fowls.  Pearls,  pearl-oyster  shell, 
the  sea-slug,  edible  birds'-nests,  and  sapan-wood  are  im- 
portant articles  of  export  hence  to  China.  The  mineral 
products  are  gold,  copper,  iron,  lead,  mercury,  sulphur,  and 
coal.  Domestic  weaving  is  pretty  generally  carried  on  by 
the  females,  and  straw  hats,  cigar-cases,  and  earthenwares 
are  made,  but  the  chief  manufacture  is  that  of  "  govern- 
ment Manila"  cigars.  The  colonial  policy  of  Old  Spain 
excluded  all  foreign  ships  and  Chinese  settlers  from  these 
islands,  and  the  trade  with  the  Spanish  dominions  in 
America  was  also  confined  to  that  conducted  annually  by  a 
single  ship.  But  such  restrictions  have  vanished,  and  the 
colony  is  now  progressing  in  many  ways.  The  exports, 
including  the  Ladrone  Islands,  are  sugar,  hemp,  indigo, 
tobacco,  co£fee,  mother-of  pearl,  gums,  <kc.,  and  amount  in 
value  to  about  $16,000,000  annually ;  the  imports,  cottons, 
machinery,  linens,  coals,  iron,  umbrellas,  earthenware, 
hardware,  woollens,  apparel,  Ac,  amounting  to  about 
$15,000,000  annually.  Manila  is  the  seat  of  the  government 
and  residence  of  the  governor-general,  who  is  appointed  by 
the  crown  of  Spain.  In  each  of  the  larger  islands  is  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor, and  each  of  the  30  provinces,  governed  by 
an  alcalde,  is  divided  into  pueblos,  or  communes.  The  Roman 
Catholic  religion  has  been  extensively  diffused  among  the 
Malays,  who  form  the  greater  part  of  the  population.  The 
Negritos,  or  Oriental  negroes,  are  found  mostly  in  tho 
mountain-regions  of  the  four  larger  islands.  Many  Chi- 
nese have  recently  settled  in  the  group.  The  public  revenue 
is  derived  chiefly  from  duties  on  exports  and  imports,  the 
tobacco  monopoly,  and  a  capitation  tax.  These  islands 
were  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1521,  and  settled  by  the 
Spaniards  in  the  reign  of  Philip  II.,  after  whom  they  were 
named. 

Philippop'olis  (Turk.  Filibi,  fee'le-bee'),  a  town  of 
Bulgaria,  the  capital  of  Roumelia,  on  both  sides  of  the 
river  Maritzu,  and  on  a  railway,  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adri- 
anople.  It  has  20  mosques,  and  numerous  Greek  and  Ar- 
menian churches,  with  flourishing  manufactures  of  woollen, 
silk,  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  soap,  tobacco,  <fcc.  Pop. 
in  1888,  33,442.  In  1818  it  was  almost  entirely  destroyed 
by  an  earthquake. 

Philipsburg,  fee'lips-bd9R0\  a  town  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Lower  Rhine,  16  miles  N.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2407. 

Phil'ipsburg,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Beer 
Lodge  CO.,  Montana,  aoout  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Helena.  It 
has  silver-mines  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Philipsburg,  Ohio.    See  La  Grange  and  Centre. 

Philipsburg,  a  post-borough  in  Rush  township,  Centre 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Mushannon  Creek,  and  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clear 
field  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  IS  miles  S.E. 
of  Clearfield,  and  38  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  contains 
a  graded  school,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and 
several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3245. 

Philipsburg,  fil'ips-boorg,  or  Philisburg,  fil'is- 
boorg,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  capital  of  the  Dutch  part 
of  tho  island  of  St.  JIartin,  on  its  S.  coast,  with  a  good  port. 

Philipsburg  East  (originally  Missisqum  Bay),  a 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Missisquoi,  on  tho  E.  side  of  Mis- 
sisquoi  Bay,  Lake  Champlain,  2  miles  from  St.  Armand  Sta- 
tion. It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  warehousing  port,  and  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and 
several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Philipsburg  West,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co., 
Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Berlin,    It  has  a  tannery.    P.  300. 

Philip's  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Low  Archipelago. 
Lat.  16°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  8'  W. 

Philip's  JMill,  a  post-office  of  CoSee  co.,  Qa. 

Philip's  River,  of  Coos  co.,  in  the  N.  part  of  New 
Hampshire,  a  small  branch  of  Upper  Ammonoosuck  River. 

Philipstad,  or  Filipstad,  fee'lip-stid,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Carlstad.     Pop.  2706. 

Phil'ipston,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  oo..  Pa.,  is  at 
Phillipsburg,  on  the  Alleghany  River. 

Phil'ipstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  on  the 
Grand  Canal,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  820. 

Phil'ipsville,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Brockville.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist- 
mills and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Philipsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory 

Philisburg,  West  Indies.    See  Philipsburg. 

PhiI'lip  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Victoria,  Australii 
in  the  entrance  to  Western  Port  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast,  is  1 
miles  long  and  6  miles  in  extreme  breadth.  Here  is  a  large' 
preserve  for  British  and  other  game  birds  and  animals, 
It  contains  the  villages  of  Cowea  (pop.  132)  and  Ventnor, 
Total  pop.  547. 


PHI 


2157 


PIKE 


I'hilMack,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  8  miles 
VV.S.W.  of  Redruth.     Pop.  4165. 

Phillip  Port,  Australia.     See  Port  Phillip. 

Phil'iips,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  the  St.  Francis  River  touches 
its  N.E.  corner.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly 
subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  A  considerable  part 
of  this  county  is  occupied  by  forests  of  the  oak,  elm,  beech, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  ash,  maple,  Ac.  Capital,  Helena, 
on  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,372;  in  1880,  21,262; 
In  1890,  25,341. 

Phillips,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River  and  by  Prairie 
Dog  Creek,  which  runs  through  its  N.W.  corner.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  mostly  destitute  of  forests.  The 
soil  produces  natural  pasture.  Capital,  Phillipsburg.  Pop. 
in  1875,  2813;  in  1880,  12,014;  in  1890,  13,661. 

Phillips,  a  post-village  in  Phillips  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Sandy  River,  50  miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  and  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  free  library,  a  money-order  post-ofiSce,  2  banks,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  boots, 
shoes,  furniture,  Ac.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Sandy 
River  Railroad  and  S.  terminus  of  the  Phillips  A  Rangeley 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1394. 

Phillips,  a  post-village  in  Worcester  township,  Chip- 
pewa CO.,  Wis.,  78  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  newspaper  oflBce. 

Phillip's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

Phil'lipsburg,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Phillips  co., 
Kansas,  in  Phillipsburg  township,  200  miles  in  air-line 
W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  steam  mill,  several  churches, 
ind  offices  issuing  3  weekly  newspapers.  Pop.  in  1890, 
392 ;  of  the  township,  1633. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Laclede 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  N.E. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-town  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  Easton,  at  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Morris  Canal,  and  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  is 
on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Morris  A 
Essex  Railroad.  Two  fine  railroad-bridges  cross  the  river 
here.  Phillipsburg  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank, 
1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  several 
iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  a  rolling-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boilers,  locomotives,  and  mowers  and  reapers.  Iron 
ore  and  limestone  are  abundant  in  the  vicinity.     P.  8644. 

Phillipsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wall- 
kill  township,  1^  miles  from  Middletown.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  7  houses. 

Phillipsburg,  Montgomery  co.,  0.     See  Centre. 

Phillipsburg,  a  village  and  station  of  Tuscarawas  co., 
0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Cambridge. 

Phillipsburg,  a  borough  in  Moon  township,  Beaver 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Beaver  River,  and  27  miles  below  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  brick-yards,  an  orphans'  home,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  554.     Here  is  Water  Cure  Post-Office. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-village  in  Brady  township, 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  2J  miles  below  Brady's  Bend,  and 
66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  hotels,  a  church, 
and  several  stores.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Phil- 
lipston. 

Phillips  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
8i  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Belmont.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  cheese-factory. 

Phillips  Ferry,  Illinois.    See  Griggsville  Landing. 

Phillips'  Islands.     See  Philip  Islands. 

Phil'lipsport,  a  post-village  in  Mamakating  town- 
ship, Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ellenville  Branch  of  the 
New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware A  Hudson  Canal,  17  miles  N.  of  Middletown.    P.  661. 

Phil'lipston,  a  post-township  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fitohburg.  It  contains  a  pub- 
lic library  and  2  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  chairs 
and  toy  wagons.     Pop.  666. 

Phillipston,  Pennsylvania.     See  Phillipsburg. 

Phil'lipstown,  a  post-village  in  Phillips  township. 
White  CO.,  111.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Albion.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  newspaper  office. 


Phillipstown,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
5163.     It  contains  Cold  Spring,  Garrison's,  Ac. 

Phillipsville,  New  York.    See  Belmont. 

PhiI'mont,  a  post-village  in  Claverack  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  J 
mile  from  Mellenville,  and  abont  9  miles  £.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  paper 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1818. 

Philmont,  a  station  of  the  New  York  A  Philadelphia 
New  Line,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Phi'Io,  a  post-village  in  Philo  township.  Champaign 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  by  N.  of  De- 
catur, and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Champaign.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-office.  A  large  quantity  of  grain, 
Ac,  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  291;  of  the  township,  1184. 

Philo,  Muskingum  co.,  0.    See  Taylorsvillb. 

Phil'omath,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon, 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  the  Philomath  College. 

Phil'omont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  oo.,  Va.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Leesburg.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Philop'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Phil'pot's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky. 

Phil'son,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  27  milea  N.W. 
of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Phing,  a  prefixed  name  of  cities  in  China.     See  Pino. 

Phing-y-Shan,  or  Phing-y-Chan,  fing-ee-shin', 
a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See.  Lat.  24°  53' 
N. ;  Ion.  108°  24'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Phipps,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala. 

Phipps'burg,  a  post-township  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me., 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Bath.  It  contains  3  churches  and  sev- 
eral saw-mills,  and  borders  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River.     Pop.  1344. 

Phocsea,  fo-see'a,  Fouges,  foo'ghSs  (?),  or  Fokia, 
fo-kee'S,,  written  also'Phochia  and  Fogliara,  a  seaport 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Fouges, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  4000.  Old  Phocsea  is  a  vil- 
lage  4i  miles  S.W.  of  the  above. 

Phoenicia,  fe-nish'e-a,  a  post-village  in  Shandaken 
township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.*,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the 
Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 
It  is  near  the  Catskill  Mountains.  It  has  a  chair-factory 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Phoenicusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Felicudi. 

Phoenix,  fee'nix,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  South 
Pacific.     Lat.  3°-4°  30'  S.;  Ion.  171°-174°  40'  W. 

Phoenix,  fee'nix,  a  city,  since  1890  the  capital  of  Ari- 
zona and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Maricopa  co.,  226  miles  N.E. 
from  Yuma,  and  35  miles  N.  of  Maricopa,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  branch. 
It  has  several  churches  and  banks,  a  court-house,  jail, 
flour-mills,  an  active  general  business,  and  offices  issuing 
3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  3152. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Gunpowder  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  cotton-factory  which  employs  200  hands  and 
a  capital  of  $300,000.     Pop.  about  360. 

Phoenix,  a  post- village  in  Houghton  township,  Ke- 
weenaw CO.,  Mich.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Houghton,  and 

2  miles  from  Lake  Superior.     Copper  is  found  here. 
Phoenix,  a  post-village  in  Schroeppel  township,  Oswego 

CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  River  and  Oswego  Canal,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Oswego,  and  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  haa 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  coffins,  flour,  and  furniture.     Pop.  1418. 

Phoenix,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 

Phoenix,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  about 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  225. 

Phoenix,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     See  Milton. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  in  Whitehall  township,  Abbeville 
CO    S.C,  8  miles  S.  of  New  Market.     It  has  2  churches. 

Phoenix  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  3°  47' S.,  Ion. 
170°  43'  W.),  is  uninhabited.     It  has  afforded  gnano. 

Phoenix  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  oa 
the  railroad  from  Cooperstown  to  Colliersville,  3  miles  S.  of 
Cooperstown.     It  has  a  knitting-mill. 

Phoenix  Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Calistoga.     Here  is  a  mine  of  cinnabar. 

Phoenixville,  fee'nix-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windbam 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Eastford  township,  about  14  miles  N.N.B.  a* 
Willimantic. 


PHCE 


2158 


PIC 


PhiSnixville,  a  post-borough  in  Schuylkill  township, 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
French  Creek,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Reading,  and  10  miles  W.  by  N,  of  Norristown. 
It  is  on  the  Philadelphia  k  Reading  Railroad,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Schuylkill 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  ;  also  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Delaware  River  <fe  Lancaster  Railroad.  It 
contains  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  state  bank,  2  news- 
paper oflSoes  (1  daily  and  1  weekly),  the  Ivy  Institute, 
manufactures  of  copper,  cotton,  wood,  ko.,  and  a  beautiful 
cemetery,  in  which  a  monument  has  been  erected  to  soldiers 
who  fell  in  the  civil  war.  Here  are  the  Phoenix  Iron- 
works (said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  United  States),  and  the 
extensive  Denitborne  Bridge-Works.  These  works  com- 
prise rolling-mills  and  furnaces,  and  produce  iron  bridges, 
girders,  columns,  beams,  angles,  Ac.  They  are  also  exten- 
sive manufacturers  of  steel.     Pop«  in  1890,  8514. 

Fhookok,  Phoukok,  or  Phukok,  foo-kok',  written 
also  Fukok  and  Fokwak  (native  name  Kohdud),  a 
French  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  Lat.  10°  N. ;  Ion. 
104°  E.     Length,  34  miles;  breadth,  16  miles.     Pop.  2352. 

Phoonga)  a  town  of  Siam.     See  Ponga. 

Phorbantia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levanzo. 

Photaii)  a  kingdom  of  India.     See  Bootan. 

Pho-Yang,  a  lake  of  China.    See  Po-Yang. 

Phraat,  Turkey.    See  Euphrates. 

Phulowdee,  foo-15w'dee,  a  town  of  India,  state  and 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Jeypoor,  fortified  and  well  built,  with 
Hindoo  and  Jain  temples.     Pop.  15,000. 

Phux-Uan,  a  city  of  Cochin  China.     See  Hui. 

Phu-Yeu,  Phu-Yen- Tran,  foo-yfln-trin',  or 
Phou-Yan,  foo^yin',  a  town  of  Cochin  China,  capital 
of  a  province,  on  the  Phu-Yen  River,  60  miles  S.  of  Quin- 
hon.     Lat.  13°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  E. 

Phylae,  fi'Iee,  a  fortress  of  Greece,  famous  in  its  ancient 
history,  and  the  remains  of  which  occupy  a  strong  position 
in  a  pass  of  Mount  Parnes,  13  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Athens. 

Piacenza,  pe-i-chen'zi  (anc.  Placen'tia;  Fr.  Plai- 
lance,  pli^zftNss'),  a  fortified  city  of  Northern  Italy,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Piacenza,  36  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Parma,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Po,  a  little  below  the  influx  of  the 
Trebia,  at  a  railway  junction.  Lat.  45°  2'  44"  N. ;  Ion. 
9°  41'  48"  E.  Pop.  34,987.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts, 
used  for  public  walks,  environed  by  a  wide  fosse,  defended 
by  a  citadel,  and  entered  by  5  gates.  It  presents,  however, 
a  deserted  aspect,  with  its  narrow,  irregular  streets,  and 
decaying  brick  houses.  It  has  one  fine  square,  in  which 
are  the  magnificent  town  hall  and  two  equestrian  statues  of 
two  dukes  of  Parma ;  an  old  ducal  palace,  now  much  dilapi- 
dated ;  a  Gothic  cathedral,  with  some  fine  frescoes  and  pic- 
tures; several  other  churches,  a  large  hospital,  orphan 
asylums,  and  numerous  other  charitable  institutions,  a 
college,  an  episcopal  seminary,  government  pawn  bank,  a 
small  theatre,  and  public  library.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  stutTs  and  serges,  fustians,  stockings,  and  hats. 

Piacenza,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  once  a 
duchy,  which  was  merged  in  that  of  Parma.  Present  area, 
965  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Po,  and  is  very 
fertile,  the  mountainous  region  in  the  S.  being  rich  in  min- 
erals.    Capital,  Piacenza.     Pop.  (1886)  234,116. 

Piacina,  a  lake  and  river  of  Siberia.     See  Piasina. 

Piadena,  pe-i-di'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
17  miles  E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1479. 

Piaggine,  pe-id'je-ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  of  commune,  4156. 

Plana,  pe-i'nl,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  near  the  N.W. 
frontiers,  government  of  Simbeersk,  and,  after  a  course  of 
150  miles,  joins  the  Soora  on  the  left. 

Plana  del  Greci,  pe-i'ni  di'e  gri'chee,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Palermo.  It  has  fine  churches 
of  the  Greek  and  Latin  rites,  and  its  people  in  part  use  the 
Albanian  language.     Pop.  of  commune,  7714. 

Plan  Castagnajo  del  Mont'  Amiata,  pe-in'  kis- 
tin-yi'o  d8l  mont  i-me-i'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  Tuscany,  11 
miles  from  Arcidosso.     Pop.  2608. 

Plan  di  Sco,  pe-in'  dee  sko,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Arezzo,  5  miles  E.  of  Figline.     Pop.  2764. 

Pianella,  pe-&-nSri&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Teramo,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.,  with  environs,  5250. 

Pianello  Citeriore,  pe-i-n4rio  che-ti-re-o'ri,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  3705. 

Planezza,  pe-&-n$t'B&,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  2148. 

Pianfei,  pe-in-fi'ee,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  6  miles 
from  Mondovi.     Pop.  of  commune,  1828. 

Piano  di  Sorrento,  pe-&'no  dee  soR-RAn'to,  a  com- 


mune of  Italy,  consisting  of  a  small  but  very  beautiful 
plain,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  and  adjacent 
to  the  town  of  Sorrento.  It  has  for  many  centuries  been  a 
favorite  resort  for  the  wealthy,  on  account  of  its  fine  cli- 
mate and  rich  vegetation.     Pop.  8265. 

Pianoro,  pe-l-no'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  3534. 

Pianosa,  pe-i-no'si  (anc.  Plaua'sia),  an  islet  of  the 
Mediterranean,  10  miles  S.  of  the  W.  cape  of  Elba.  Length, 
3i  miles.  The  island  was  left  in  the  power  of  Napoleon, 
after  his  first  abdication,  as  an  annexation  to  Elba. 

Pianosa,  an  islet  of  Italy,  in  the  Adriatic  Sea,  prov- 
ince of  Foggia,  14  miles  N.E.  of  the  Tremiti  Islands. 

Pianura,  pe-i-noo'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  of  commune,  3687. 

Piasa,  pi^a-saw',  a  post-village  and  station  of  Macou- 
pin CO.,  111.,  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Alton,  on  the  Rookford, 
Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plasco,  pe-ls'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  6  miles  from 
Saluzzo.     Pop.  of  commune,  1814. 

Plaslna,  or  Piacina,  pe-i-see'ni,  a  lake  and  river  of 
Siberia,  government  of  Yeniseisk.  The  lake,  lat.  70°  N., 
Ion.  92°  30'  E.,  is  80  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  35  miles 
in  breadth,  and  90  miles  E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Yenisei ;  the 
river,  flowing  from  it,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  near  lat.  73° 
45'  N.,  Ion.  90°  E.,  after  a  N.  course  of  250  miles. 

Piatigorsk,  or  Pjatigorsk,  pyl'te-gorsk',  called 
also  Patigorsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Stavro- 
pol, 25  miles  S.W.  of  Georgievsk.     Pop.  9519. 

Piatra,  pe-&'tr&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  45 
miles  W.  of  Roman.     Pop.  20,000. 

Piatt,  pi'at,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in 
a  southwesterly  direction  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Sanga- 
mon River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Chicago  k  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Monttcello.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,953; 
in  1880,  15,583;  in  1890,  17,062. 

Piatt,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  493. 

Piauhy,  pe-5w-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  E.  of 
the  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  proceeds  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Jeqiiitinhonha  below  Salto  Grande. 

Piauhy,  or  Piauhi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy, 
after  a  N.  course  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Caninde  on  the 
right,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Oeiras. 

Piauhy,  or  Piauhi,  a  state  of  Brazil,  between  lat.  2° 
42'  and  11°  20'  S.  and  Ion.  40°  30'  and  47°  W.,  having  N. 
the  Atlantic,  and  N.W.  the  state  of  Maranhao,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  the  river  Parnahiba.  Area,  81,779  square 
miles.  Pop.  239,691.  The  surface  is  mostly  a  plain,  with 
a  slope  N.W.,  and  consists  chiefly  of  rich  pasturages,  on 
which  large  herds  of  cattle  are  reared.  Timber  is  scarce. 
The  state  contains  some  silver-,  iron-,  and  lead-mines. 
Chief  towns,  Oeiras  and  Parnahiba. 

Plave,  pe-&'v&,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps,  near 
Lientz,  flows  southerly,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  at  Porto-di- 
Cortellazzo,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Venice.     Length,  125  miles. 

Piavozero,  pe-4Vo-zi'ro,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  W. 
of  Archangel,  about  50  miles  long  by  15  broad.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  Lake  Topo  at  its  S.E.  extremity,  and  dis- 
charges itself  at  the  N.E.  into  Lake  Kovdo. 

Piazza,  pe-4t'si,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  province 
and  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.  Pop.  18,252.  It  has 
a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  4  convents,  a  college, 
and  a  hospital,  with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  caps, 
and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn,  oil,  fruits,  and  other  products. 

Plazzola,  pe-ftt'so-14,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  11  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Padua,  near  the  Brenta,  noted  for  the  va«* 
palace  of  the  Contarini  family. 

Pl-beseth,  a  ruined  city  of  Egypt.     See  Bcbastis. 

Pica,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Pabellon  de  Pica. 

PIcacho,  pe-kah'cho,  a  post-oflSce  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal 

Pic'ardy,  or  PIc'ardie  (Fr.  La  Picardie,  Iftpee^kaR^- 
dee' ;  L.  Picar'dia),  an  old  province  in  the  N.  of  France, 
having  N.W.  and  W.  the  English  Channel.  It  is  now  sub- 
divided among  the  departments  of  Aisne,  Somme,  Oise, 
Pas-de-Calais,  and  Yonne. 

PIcasent,  pe-ki-sfint',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  2504. 

Piccola  Ploda,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Pioltello. 

Picentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Acerno. 

PIcerno,  pe-chiR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  W.  of  Potenza.  Pop.  4881.  It  has  manuiactures  of 
silk  and  woollen  goods. 

Pichlncha,  pe-chin'ch&  or  pe-cheen'oh&.  a  volcano  oi 


'  PIC 


2159 


PIC 


Ecuador,  in  the  West  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Quito,  lat.  0°  11'  32"  S.,  Ion.  78°  55'  W.,  15,924 
feet  in  elevation. 

Pichincha,  a  province  in  the  N.W.  of  Ecuador, 
abounding  in  volcanoes  and  subject  to  earthquakes,  but 
having  many  fertile  valleys,  with  a  delightful  climate. 
Area,  9035  square  miles.     Capital,  Quito.     Pop.  120,280. 

Pichu-Pichu,  pe-choo-pe-choo',  a  Tolcano  of  South 
Peru,  immediately  N.  of  Arequipa. 

Picinse,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pez^nas. 

Picinisco,  pe-che-nis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3448. 

Pickaminky  Indiana.     See  Iroquois  River. 

Pickanock,  Quebec.    See  Otter  Lake. 

Pickard's  Mill » Clinton  co.,  Ind.  See  HiLLSBORonoH. 
-  Pick'away,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  501  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Scioto  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Darby,  Deer, 
and  Walnut  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  beech,  elm, 
hickory,  and  white  oak.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  horses, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ohio  Canal,  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Circle- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1880,  27,415;  in  1890,  26,959. 

Pickaway,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  III.     Pop.  824. 

Pickaway,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.    Pop.  1443. 

Pickaway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
or  near  Sandy  Creek,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chatham. 

Pickaw^ay,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Union.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  cream- 
ery, and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Pick'el's  Land'ing,  a  post-oflBce  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Pick'ens,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  borders 
on  Mississippi.  Area,  about  934  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Tombigbee  and  Sipsey  Rivers.  The  latter 
river  enters  the  former  on  the  S.  border  of  this  county, 
which  is  also  drained  by  Lubbub  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  Ihe  staple  products.  Capital,  Carrollton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,690;  in  1880,  21,479;  in  1890,  22,470. 

Pickens,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  276  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
small  trflauents  of  the  Etowah  River.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified by  hills  or  mountains  and  extensive  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
A  quarry  of  marbie  has  been  opened  in  this  county,  which 
is  traversed  by  the  Marietta  &  North  Georgia  Railroad. 
Capital,  Jasper.  Pop.  in  1870,  5317;  in  1880,  6790;  in 
1890,  8182. 

Pickens,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  464  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Saluda  River,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  Kiowee  River.  The  N.  part  of  it  is  adjacent  to 
the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  picturesque 
mountain-scenery.  Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Table 
Rock  Mountain,  which  is  about  4000  feet  high.  A  large 
part  of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
chestnut,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Pickens  Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,269 ;  in  1880, 14,389 ; 
in  1890, 16,389. 

Pickens,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 

Pickens,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1559. 

Pickens  Court-House,or  Pick'en8ville,a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  is  in  Pickensville  town- 
ship, about  33  miles  E.  of  Walhalla,  and  120  miles  (direct) 
W.N.W,  of  Columbia.  It  is  situated  in  a  hilly  country  in 
which  valuable  minerals  are  found,  and  contains  a  court- 
house, 2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiSoe,  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  212 ;  of  the  township,  1856. 

Pickens  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Ark. 

Pickens  Station,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Big  Black  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis 
<fc  Chicago  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson.  Nearly 
3000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  a  year. 

Pick'ensville,  a  post- village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tombigbee  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa,  and 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  Miss.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
male  and  female  seminary,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  300. 
Cotton  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Pickensville,  S.C.    See  Pickens  Court-House. 

Pick'erel  Lake,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  418. 


Pick'erel Ps  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,0, 
on  the  Scioto  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Radnor  Station.  It  hse 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pick'ereltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  oo.,  0.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  baa  2  churches,  2  itorei, 
and  18  families. 

Pick'ering,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  York  A  North  Midland  Rail- 
way, 18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Whitby. 

Pick'ering,  a  post- village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A,  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  52  mile* 
N.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pickering,  Chester  co..  Pa.    See  Charlestowm. 

Pick'ering,  or  Duf'fin's  Creek  (originally  Can- 
ton), a  post-village  of  Ontario  co,,  Ontario,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario,  near  the  mouth  of  Duffin's  Creek,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Duffin's  Creek  Station),  23 
miles  E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  500. 

Pickering  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  the  W.  part 
of  Chester  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Schayfkill 
River  about  1  mile  below  Phoenixville. 

Pickering's,  a  station  in  Strafford  co.,  N.H,,  on  the 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Dover. 

Pickering's  Isle,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me. 

Pick'erington,  a  post-village  in  Violet  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  0.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  195. 

Pick'et  Post,  a  post-office  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona, 

Pick'ett's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  railroad  between  Oshkosh  and  Ripon,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Pick'ettsville,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Pickettsville,  a  hamlet  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex.  Pop.  116. 

Pick'wick,a  post-hamlet  in  Homer  township,  Winona 
CO.,  Minn.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Winona,  and  2  miles  from 
Lamoille  Station.     It  has  a  flouring-mill.    Pop.  about  150. 

Pickwick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Emlenton  &  Shippenville  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.  of  Emlenton.     Here  are  oil-wells. 

Pic  Nethou,  peek  n^hHoo',  and  Maladetta,  m&-l&- 
dfit'ti,  the  highest  peak  of  the  Pyrenees,  or  rather  two  neigh- 
boring peaks,  on  the  frontiers  of  Spain,  near  lat.  32°  40'  N., 
Ion.  0°  45'  E.     Height,  11,168  feet. 

Pico,  pee'ko,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands,  with  a  volcanic 
peak  7613  feet  in  height.  Lat.  38°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  28°  25'  W. 
Area,  254  square  miles.  Pop.  2400.  Surface  covered  with 
lava.     Chief  towns,  Lagens,  Magdalena,  and  San  Rocco. 

Pico  de  Teyde,  Canaries.    See  Teneriffe,  Peak  of. 

Picolata,  pik-o-li'ti,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  co., 
Fla.,  on  St.  John's  River,  40  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Pico  Turquino,  a  mountain  of  Cuba.   See  ToRQunro. 

Picquigny,  peek^keen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somme,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Somme,  and  on  the  Amiena 
Railway,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1424. 

Pictavi,  an  ancient  name  of  Poitiers. 

Pic'ton,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  South  Island,  and 
on  Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Blenheim. 
It  has  saw-mills,  and  an  export  trade,  chiefly  in  timber,  and 
is  noted  for  its  fine  herring.     Pop.  800. 

Picton,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales,  oo. 
of  Camden,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney,  on  the  Stonequarry 
Rivulet. 

Pic'ton,  the  capital  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston,  and 
24  miles  from  Napanee.  It  contains,  besides  the  county 
buildings,  5  churches,  1  branch  bank,  about  60  stores,  man- 
ufactories of  iron  castings,  steam-engines,  machinery,  Ac, 
a  brewery,  pottery,  tannery,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2361. 

Pictou,  pik-too',  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering 
on  Northumberland  Strait.  Most  of  the  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  intersected  with  numerous  streams  flowing  chiefly 
into  Merigomish,  Pictou,  and  Cariboo  Harbors,  on  its  coast. 
The  soil  is  remarkably  fertile.  The  county  contains  rich 
mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore.  Next  to  Halifax,  Pictou  is  the 
most  populous  county  in  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  settled  mostly 
by  Scotch  Highlanders.  Area,  1125  square  miles.  Capital, 
Pictou.     Pop.  32,114. 

Pictou,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  Pictou 
CO.,  at  the  head  of  a  harbor  of  its  own  name,  opening  into 
Northumberland  Strait,  and  at  the  E.  terminus  of  a  branoh 
of  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  113  miles  N.N.E.  of  Halifax. 
It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  and  well-cultivate*l  district,  con- 
taining extensive  coal-mines  and  quarries  of  buil  Jing-ston*. 
The  annual  exports  of  coal  are  very  large.     The  harbor  if 


PIC 


2160 


PIE 


one  of  the  finest  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 
The  town  is  well  built,  and  has  an  academy,  a  library,  3 
branch  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  masonic  hall,  several 
churches  and  hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  2  steam  carding- 
mills,  2  tobacco-factories,  an  iron-foundry,  several  saw- 
and  grist-mills  and  tanneries,  Ac.  Pictou  is  a  port  of 
entry.     Its  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.     Pop.  3200. 

Picts'  Workditch,  Scotland.    See  Catrail. 

Fic'tured  Rocks,  in  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  a  sand- 
stone cliflF  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  extending 
N.E.  from  Munising  about  25  miles.  It  is  in  some  places 
300  feet  high,  and  is  worn  into  singular  forms  by  the  action 
of  wind  and  water.     It  is  much  visited  by  tourists. 

Pic'ture  Rocks,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
on  Muncy  Creek,  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  sash,  and  doors. 

Picuries,  pe-koo're-^s,  a  Indian  village  of  Taos  co.. 
New  Mexico,  90  miles  from  Otero.     It  has  a  church. 

Pidavro,  a  village  of  Greece.    See  Epidaurus. 

Pid'cock  Ranch,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  oo.,  Tex., 
on  Cow  House  River,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Qatesville. 

Pidjan,  towns  of  Toorkistan.    See  Puan. 

Piedad,  pe-4-d&d',  a  village  of  Mexico,  on  the  Aoa- 
puloo  Road,  about  li  miles  S.W.  of  the  capital. 

Pife  di  Cavallo,  pe-i'  dee  ki-vil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Turin,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Biella,  on  the  Cervo. 

Piedimonte,  pe-&-de-mAn't&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Taormina.     Pop.  4824. 

Piedimonte,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Caserta.  Pop.  7073.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain 
at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  and 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  caps,  and  paper. 

Piedimonte  di  San  Germano,pe-&-de-mon't&dee 
B&n  j4r-mi'no,  a  town^  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Sora,  with  several  churches  and  a  large 
annual  fair.     Pop.  2378. 

Piedmont,  peed'mont  (It.  Piemonte,  pe-4-mon't&,  i.e., 
Pil  di  Monte,  or  the  "foot  of  the  mountain"),  a  former 
principality  of  Northern  Italy,  is  now  a  compartimento  of 
the  kingdom  of  Italy.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Switzerland, 
E.  by  Lombardy,  S.  by  France  and  the  province  of  Genoa, 
W.  by  France.  Greatest  length,  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W., 
168  miles;  greatest  breadth,  130  miles.  Area,  11,200  square 
miles.  It  is  divided  into  4  provinces,  viz.,  Alessandria, 
Coni,  Novara,  and  Turin.  The  loftiest  ranges  of  the  Alps, 
the  Lepontine  and  Pennine,  encircle  it  on  the  N.  and 
N.W.,  the  Graian  and  Cottian  Alps  on  the  W.,  and  the 
Maritime  Alps  and  the  Apennines  on  the  S.,  while  a  large 
part  of  its  E.  frontier  is  watered  by  Lago  Maggiore  and 
Lake  Ticino.  The  space  enclosed  within  these  barriers 
forms  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile  portions  of 
Europe,  commencing  on  the  N.,  the  S.,  and  the  W.,  in  ma- 
jestic mountains,  and  thence  descending  by  magnificent 
terraces  and  finely  undulating  slopes  to  the  rich  plains  of 
the  Po,  by  which  river  and  its  affluents,  the  Tanaro,  Bor- 
mida,  Clusone,  Dora,  Sesia,  Ac,  it  is  wholly  drained.  Its 
E.  part  forms  a  portion  of  the  great  plain  of  Lombardy,  is 
carefully  irrigated,  and  of  high  fertility  ;  much  of  it  is  in 
pasturage,  and  large  herds  of  cattle  are  reared.  A  surplus 
of  corn  over  home  consumption  is  produced.  Wheat,  maize, 
barley,  rice,  hemp,  and  fruits  are  the  principal  crops ;  wines 
are  of  inferior  quality,  and  oil  is  produced  only  in  small 
quantities;  the  silk  is  among  the  best  in  Italy.  The  min- 
eral products  comprise  iron,  lead,  copper,  marble,  sulphur, 
manganese,  cobalt,  and  small  quantities  of  the  precious 
metals.  The  principal  manufactures  are  silk  fabrics  and 
organzine,  hosiery,  woollen  and  linen  goods,  brandy  and 
liqueurs,  glass  and  iron  wares.  The  inhabitants  are  nearly 
all  Roman  Catholics,  except  about  20,000  Vaudois  Protest- 
ants in  the  Alpine  valleys.  The  chief  towns  are  Turin, 
Alessandria,  Asti,  Coni,  Novara,  Vercelli,  Pinerolo,  an(l 
Aosta.  The  great  routes  of  the  Simplon,  Mont  Cenis,  St. 
Bernard,  and  the  Col  de  Tenda  cross  the  Alps  into  Pied- 
mont.    Pop.  in  1881,  3,070,250. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pied- 

MONTESE,  peed^monteez'  (It.  Piemontese,  pe-i-mon-ti'si). 

Piedmont,  peed'mont,  a  hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal., 
in  Oakland  township,  3  miles  from  Oakland  Station.  It  is 
on  high  ground,  which  afl"ords  fine  sites  for  residences. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo.,  near  the 
Big  Black  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain 
Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  Ironton.     Pop.  in  1890,  829. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  on  a 
railroad,  lOi  miles  S.  of  Greenville. 

Piedmont,  Virginia.    See  Delaplaine. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Cumberland,  Md.,  and  206  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  is  at 


the  foot  of  the  Alleghany  Mountain,  is  on  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Cumberland  A 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  large  machine- 
shops  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  employing  about 
350  men.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  Pop.  1853.  It  is 
surrounded  by  grand  scenery.  About  4000  tons  of  coal  are 
daily  shipped  here.  Two  bridges  across  the  river  connect 
Piedmont  with  Westernport,  Md. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming, 
is  near  the  base  of  the  Uintah  Mountain,  and  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evanston.  It  has  2 
charcoal-kilns. 

Piedmont  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Piedra  Blanca,  pe-4'dr4  blin'ki,  a  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Catamarca.     P.  3434. 

Piedraonena,  pe-i^nri-bwA'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
New  Castile,  15  miles  W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2807. 

Piedrahita,  pe-i^ori-ee'tA,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  2177. 

Piedras,  pe-&'dr&8  (i.e.,  "  rocks '),  a  headland  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Piedras,  pe-i'dr&s,  a  headland  in  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, on  the  Plata  estuary,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayrea. 

Piedras,  pe-i'dr4s,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  river 
Orinoco,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Angostura. 

Piedras  Negras,  pe-A'dris  nA'gris  ("black  stones"), 
a  village  and  port  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of  Cohahuila,  on 
the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  opposite  Fort  Duncan,  Tex.  It 
has  a  church. 

Piegan',  a  post-office  of  Choteau  co.,  Montana. 

Piekar,  or  Dentsch-Piekar,  doitch  pee'kar,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  -3  miles  N.  of  Beutben.  Pop.  6184, 
including  the  neighboring  town  of  Schadey  (pop.  3188). 

Pielis,  pe-4'lis,  Pielisiarvi,  Pielisjarwi,  pe-4'- 
lis-yan'vee,  written  also  Pielisjoervi,  a  lake  of  Finland, 
Isen  and  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kuopio,  between  lat.  62°  65' 
and  63°  35'  N.  and  Ion.  29°  and  30°  20'  E.  Length,  56 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles.  The  river  Pielis  carries 
its  surplus  waters  S.  into  Lake  Orivesi.  On  its  £.  side  is 
the  village  of  Pielis. 

Piemonti,  pe-4-mon'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
S.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  1200.    See  also  Piedmont. 

Pienza,  pe-4n'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  province 
of  Siena,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Montepulciano.  Pop.  3423.  It 
has  a  college  and  a  diocesan  seminary,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Pierce,  peerss  or  p^rss,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  555  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Satilla  River,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Little  Satilla,  and  also  drained  by  Hurricane  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy.  Lumber, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroad 
and  the  Brunswick  &  Western  Railroad,  the  former  of  which 
connects  with  Blaokshear,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2778; 
in  1880,  4538;  in  1890,  6379. 

Pierce,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Elkhorn  Iliver.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Timber  is  rather  scarce  in  this  county. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  or  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elk- 
horn  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Pierce.  Pop. 
in  1870,  152;  in  1876,  estimated  at  631 ;  in  1880,  1202;  in 
1890,  4864. 

Pierce,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1376  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Nesqually 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Puget  Sound,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Green  and  White  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains,  valleys,  and  forests  of  the  fir,  cedar,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  wool, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  In  the  S.E.  part  of 
this  county  stands  Mount  Rainier,  14,444  feet  high.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Tacoma,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1409;  in  1880,  3319;  in  1890,  60,940. 

Pierce,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Mississippi  River  and  Lake  Pepin,  which  separate 
it  from  Minnesota,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Croix  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Rush  River.  The  surface  is  uneven, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  oak, 
pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and 
lumber  are  the  staple  products.  S'lurian  limestone  under- 
lies part  of  this  county.     On  the  shore  of  the  beautiful  Lake 


PIE 


2161 


PIE 


Pepin  is  a  bluflF,  called  Maiden  Rook,  about  400  feet  bijjh. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis &  Omaha  Railroad.  Capital,  Ellsworth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9958 ;  in  1875, 1 5,101 ;  in  1 880, 1 7,744 ;  in  1 890,  20,385. 

Pierce,  a  station  in  Weld  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  66  miles  N.  of  Denver. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.     Pop.  1003. 

Pierce,  Will  co..  111.    See  AVilton  Centre. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1179. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  750. 

Pierce,  or  Pierz,  a  township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  404. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Stone  c»..  Mo.     Pop.  781. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  366. 

Pierce,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pierce  co.,  Neb,,  on 
the  North  Branch  of  Elkhorn  River,  about  15  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  a  church. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1773. 

Pierce,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pike  township.  Stark  co.,  0., 
4  miles  W.  of  Magnolia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pierce,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     See  New  Salem. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1697. 

Pierce  City,  a  post-village  of  Shoshone  co.,  Idaho,  on 
the  Oro  Fino  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Canal  Gulch,  about 
200  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Bois6  City,  and  60  miles  E,  of 
Lewiston.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Pierce  City,  or  Peirce  City,  a  post- village  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Mo.,  in  Pierce  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  <fc  San 
Francisco  Railroad,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  26 
miles  S.E.  of  Carthage.  It  is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the 
Missouri  <fc  Western  Railroad.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  bank,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2511. 

Pierced  Rock,  Quebec.    See  PERcfi  Rock. 

Pierce  Junction,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Columbia  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Houston. 

Pierce's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Pierce's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  large  saw-mill. 

Pierce  Station,  a  post-office  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Paduoah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Paducah. 

Pierceton,  peerss'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Washington 
township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort 
Wayne,  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  chairs,  and 
woollen  goods.     Pop.  1(^63. 

Piercetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  Hi 
miles  S.  of  Anderson  Court-House.     It  has  a  church, 

Pierceville,  peerss'vil,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Pierceville,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  5  miles 
N,  of  Hinckley  Station, 

Pierceville,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  oo,,  Ind,,  on  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  It 
has  2  churches, 

Pierceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co,,  Iowa,  ii 
miles  N,  of  Bentonsport. 

Pierceville,  a  post-office  of  Sequoyah  oo.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  37i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dodge  City. 

Pierceville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eaton 
township,  2i  miles  W.  of  Eaton.     It  has  a  cotton-mill. 

Pierceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on 
Tunkhannook  Creek,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nicholson  Station, 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Tunkhannock. 

Pier  (peer)  Cove,  a  village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ganges  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  20  miles  W.  of  Allegan." 
It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Piermont,  peer'mont,  a  post-village  in  Piermont  town- 
ship, Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  6 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Haverhill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  792. 
Piermont  Station  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  in 
Vermont,  on  the  Passumpsio  Railroad,  27  miles  N,  of  White 
River  Junction. 

Piermont,  a  post-village  in  Orangetown  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  North- 
ern Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  25  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City, 
and  4  miles  S.  of  Nyack.  It  is  near  the  N.  end  of  the  Pali- 
sades, and  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad  which  extends  to  Suffern.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
pier  1  mile  long  extending  into  the  river,  some  workshops 
of  the  railroad,  and  an  iron-foundry.     On  the  W.  border  of 


the  village  are  high  hills,  which  are  occupied  by  nnmeroiu 
residences.     Pop.  1703. 

Pierpont,  peer'pont,  a  post-hamlet  in  Onekama  town- 
ship, Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  45  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Ludington.     Fire-wood  and  lumber  are  shipped  here. 

Pierpont,  a  post-village  in  Pierpont  townsnip,  Ashta- 
bula CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula  River,  about  10  miles  E.  of 
Jefferson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  990. 

Pierre,  p^-a'^r,  a  city,  the  capital  of  South  Dakota  and 
seat  of  justice  of  Hughes  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Missouri 
River,  nearly  opposite  Fort  JPierre,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railway,  119  miles  W.  of  Huron.  It  bM 
several  churches,  a  bank,  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers, 
and  an  active  trade.  At  East  Pierre  is  situated  Pierre 
University  (Presbyterian). 

Pierre  Bnffi^re,pe-aiR'  biiffe-aiR',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Vienne,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Limoges. 

Pierrefitte,  pe-aiB^feet',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mease, 
on  the  Aire,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Commercy. 

Pierrefond,  pe-aiR^f6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  CompiSgne.     Pop.  1882. 

Pierrefort,  pe-aiuToR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal, 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1134. 

Pierrelatte,  pe-aiRMitt',  a  village  of  France,  m 
DrOme,  13  miles  S.  of  MontSlimar,  near  the  Rhone,  on  the 
railway  from  Lyons  to  Avignon.     Pop.  2490. 

Pierre  Pertuis,  pe-aiR'  pfiRHwee',  a  naturally  exca- 
vated passage  in  the  Jura  Mountains,  in  Switzerland,  ID 
miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  on  the  road  between  Bienne  and  Po- 
rentruy,  40  feet  in  height  and  from  10  to  12  feet  in  breadth. 

Pierrepont,  peer'pont,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pierrepont 
township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs  and  cheese-boxes.  The  Racket  River  runs  through 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2310. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Hannaway  Falls. 

Pierrepont  Manor,  a  post-village  in  Ellisburg  town- 
ship, Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Og- 
densburg Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown,  and  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.    It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Pierre's  (pe-aiRz')  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  near  lat.  43*  30'  N.,  runs  northwestward  and 
south  westward,  and  enters  Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake 
River  in  Oneida  co.  It  flows  in  a  deep  caRon  between 
vertical  walls  of  basalt,  which  in  some  places  are  700  feet 
high.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Pierreville,  pe-aiR'vIl,  or  Saint  Thomas,  a  post- 
village  in  Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Francis, 
near  the  St.  Lawrence,  28i  miles  N.E.  of  Sorel.  It  has  a 
dozen  stores,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  a  lumber- 
trade.  Buckskin  gloves,  mitts,  and  shoes  are  made  here  in 
large  quantities  by  Abenakis  Indians.  Ship-building  ia 
also  engaged  in.     Pop.  1200. 

Pierreville  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  St.  Francis,  3  miles  from  Pierreville,  and  30  j 
miles  from  Sorel.    Here  are  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills. 

Pierron,  peer-ron',  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  HI., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  37  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Pierson,  peer's9n,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.  P.  1489 

Pierson,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Pierson  township,  on  White  Fish  Lake,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  5i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Howard  City.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  4  lumber-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  2  shingle- 
mills.  Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  townshin,  1531.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  lesser  village,  named  Woodlake. 

Pierson  Station,  a  post-office  of  Piatt  co.,  111.,  in 
Unity  township. 

Pierz,  Morrison  co.,  Minn.    See  Pierce. 

Pietas  Julia,  an  ancient  name  of  Pola. 

Pietermaritzburg,  peo't^r-mar'its-bttRO,  also  called 
Maritzburg,a  hand-'ome  town,  the  capital  of  the  British 
territory  of  Natal,  in  South  Africa,  71  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Durban.  It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  gov- 
ernment house  and  other  public  buildings.     Pop.  9251. 

Pietershoek,  Netheriands.    See  PtrrrEBSHOEK. 

Pietole,  pe-i'to-li,  a  village  of  Lombardy,  2  miles  S.E 
of  MantuU,  on  the  Mineio.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  anoient 
Aitdea,  the  birthplace  of  Virgil. 

Pietra,  pe-i'tri,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Oalf  w 
Genoa,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albenga.     Pop.  1781. 

Pietra  Abbondante,  pc-i'tri  ib-Don-d4n'ti,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Campobasso,  IS  miles  N.E.  of  Isernia,    P.  379L 

Pietra  Camela,  pe-i'trl  k&-m4'ia,  a  town  of  lUly, 
province  and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1755. 


PI£ 


2162 


PIK 


Pietra  Catella,  pe-i'tri  ki-tfil'll,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Campobaoso.     Pop.  3330. 

Pietra  di  Fusi,  pe-i'tri  dee  foo'see,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Avellino,  IJ  miles  N.E.  of  Montefusco.     Pop.  5400. 

Pietra  di  Monte  Corvino,  pe-4'trftdee  mon't&l^oR- 
vee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  4  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Casalnuovo.     Pop.  3332. 

Pietra  Ferranza,  pe-4'tr&  f&R-R&n'z^,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  S.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  500. 

Pietra  Fesa,  pe-i'tri  fi'sl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2710. 

Pietra  Galla,  pe-i'tr4  gil'll,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  6028. 

Pietrain,  pe-iHriN»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1311. 

Pietralcina,  pe-aHril-chee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  13  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2995. 

Pietramala,  pe-i*tr8,-mi'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Florence,  near  Monte  di  Fo. 

Pietramala^  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  near  the 
coast,  S.  of  Ajello.     Pop.  1844. 

Pietra  Mellara,  pe-i'tr4  m5l-li'r&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  11  miles  N.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3120. 

Pietra  Pertosa,  pe-i'tri  pflR-to'si,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2882. 

Pietraperzia,pe-&^tr&-pdRd'zee-&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.  Pop.  10,149,  who  trade  in  com, 
almonds,  and  pistachios.     Near  it  are  sulphur-mines. 

Pietra  Roja,  pe-i'trl  ro'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Piedimonte. 

Pietrasanta,  pe-iHri-sin'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tus- 
cany, province  and  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pisa.  It  has  a  fine 
church  and  a  palace.     Pop.  4656 ;  of  commune,  13,227. 

Pietra  Stornina,  pe-i'tri  stoR-nee'ni,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3314. 

Pietrebais,  pe-iHr^h-bi'  (Chapelle,  shi'pjll',  or 
Saint-Laurent,  saNa-l5^r6N»'),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1169. 

Pietro-ad-Siphim,  pe-i'tro-ad-see'fim,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2000. 

Pietro-a- Patierno,  pe-i'tro-i-pi-te-fiR'no  (ano. 
Pater' num.  ?),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Naples.  P.  2482. 

Pietro-Avellana,  pe-i'tro-i-vfil-li'ni,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Campobasso,  15  miles  N.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  2202. 

Pietro-in-Fine,  pe-i'tro-in-fee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Sora.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1310. 

Pietro-in-Lama,  pe-i'tro-in-li'mi,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  S.W.  of  Leoce.     Pop.  1250. 

Pietro  Moncorvino.  See  Pietra  di  Monte  Corvino. 

Pietro-Vairano,  pe-i'tro-vi-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  16  miles  N.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3030. 

Pietro-Vernotico,  pe-i'tro-v8R-not'e-ko,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2789. 

Pieux,  Les,  li  pe-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manohe,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1526. 

Pieve,  pe-i'vi,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  S.  of  Milan,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1085. 

Pieve,  or  Pieve  del  Tecco,  pe-i'vi  dfil  tSk'ko,  a 
town  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Oneglia.     Pop.  3154. 

Pieve  del  Cairo,  pe-i'vi  d51  kl'ro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Novara,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mortara.    Pop.  3356. 

Pieve  di  Cadore,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cadore. 

Pieve  di  Yalmozzola,  Italy.    See  Valmozzola. 

Pieve  d'Olmi,  pe-i'vi  dol'mee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1694. 

Pieve  Porto  Morone,  pe-i'vi  poR'to  mo-ro'ni,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  E.S.E.  of  Pavia,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Po.     Pop.  3095. 

Pieve  San  Giacomo,  pe-i'vi  sin  ji'ko-mo,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1104. 

Pieve  Santo-Stefano,  pe-i'vi  sin'to-stSfi-no,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Arezzo,  on  the  Tiber.     Pop.  of  commune,  4255. 

Pif  ^fard',  a  post-hamlet  in  York  township,  Livingston 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  2  miles  from  Gen- 
eseo.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  «fec.     Pop.  about  130. 

Pigeon,  plj'un,  a  post-oflaoe  of  JeflTerson-co.,  III.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Pigeon,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop., 
excluding  Evansville,  875. 

Pigeon,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1646. 

Pigeon,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.     P.  619. 

Pigeon  Cove,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
Rookport  township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the  sea-shore, 
about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Rock- 
port.     Here  are  several  hotels  and  boarding-houses. 


Pigeon  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Gibson  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Warrick  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
at  Evansville.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Pigeon  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

l^igeon  Creek  Centre,  post-oflBce,  Jackson  co..  Wis. 

Pigeon  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis., 
on  Pigeon  Creek,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Whitehall  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Pigeon  Forge,  a  post-oflSce  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  26 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Knoxville. 

Pigeon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.    It  has  a  church. 

Pigeon  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec, 
5  miles  E.  of  St.  Armand.  It  contains  a  church,  3  stores, 
and  2  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Pigeon  Islands,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  are  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Milo. 

Pigeon  Point,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  52  miles  S.  of 
San  Francisco.     Here  is  a  light-house  162  feet  high. 

Pigeon  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Sepulga  River  on  the  E. 
border  of  Conecuh  co. 

Pigeon  River  (of  the  St.  Joseph)  rises  in  Steuben 
CO.,  Ind.,  and  runs  in  a  W.N.W.  direction  through  La 
Grange  co.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Michigan.  It  enters 
the  St.  Joseph  River  in  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about  13  miles 
above  Elkhart. 

Pigeon  River,  North  Carolina.  See  Bio  Piqeon  River. 

Pigeon  River,  a  village  of  Lake  co.,  Minn.,  on  Lake 
Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  Pigeon  River,  150  miles  N.E.  of 
Duluth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fish-barrels. 

Pigeon  River,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Pigeon  Run,  a  post-village  in  Tuscarawas  township. 
Stark  CO.,  0.,  2  miles  from  Navarre.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  300. 

Pigeon  Run,  or  Galesburg,  g£l2'bQrg,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Pigeon  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Pig  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
Louisiade  Archipelago.  Lat.  11°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  15'  E. 
The  natives  are  dark  copper-colored. 

Pigna,  peen'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Porto  Mau- 
rizio,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  of  commune,  3211. 

Pignan,  peen^y&N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hiraolt,  6 
miles  W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  2063. 

Pignans,  peen^y&M<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Brignollea.  Pop.  2371.  It  has  copper-worka 
and  paper-mills. 

Pignataro,  peen-yi-ti'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe 
and  N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  3793. 

Pignerol,  the  French  name  of  Pinerolo. 

Pignone,  peen-yo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  ol 
Genoa,  not  far  from  Levanto.     Pop.  1283. 

Pig  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  runs  east- 
ward through  Franklin  co.,  and  enters  the  Staunton  River 
on  the  N.  border  of  Pittsylvania  co. 

Pig  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  aboat 
12  miles  W.  of  Rocky  Mount. 

Pijan,  or  Pi^jan,  pee'jin',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toor- 
kistan,  40  miles  E.  of  Toorfan. 

P^an,  or  Pidjan,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  60 
miles  W.  of  Aksoo  (Aksou).  The  ruins  of  Old  Pijan  (or 
Pidjan)  are  140  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kashgar. 

Pike,  plk,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  710  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Conecuh,  Patsaliga,  and  Pea  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
pine  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia  and  the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  Troy,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,423  j  in 
1880,  20,640;  in  1890,  24,423. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  many  of  its  affluents 
and  other  small  streams.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Antoine 
Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  white  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Cretaceous  lime- 
stone, gypsum,  marl,  alum,  and  other  minerals  are  found 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Murfreesborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3788;  in  1880,  6345;  in  1890,  8537. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 


PIK 


2163 


PIK 


of  about  262  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  "W.  by 
Flint  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Potato  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Bailroad  of  Georgia,  and  by  the  Atlanta  <k  Florida  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Zebulon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,905;  in  1880,  15,849;  in  1890,  16,300. 

Pike^  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  795  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
which  separates  it  from  Missouri.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  hard 
timber.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  cattle,  hay, 
pork,  and  oats  are  the  staples.  Among  its  minerals  are 
bituminous  coal  and  Niagara  limestone.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  the  former  of  which  connects 
with  Pittsfleld,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,768;  in  1880, 
33,751;  in  1890,  31,000. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
White  River  and  the  East  Fork  of  that  river,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Patoka  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Evansville  <fc  Terre  Haute 
Railroad  and  the  Louisville,  Evansville  <fc  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, the  former  of  which  connects  with  Petersburg,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,779;  in  1880,  16,383;  in  1890, 
18,544. 

Pike,  the  most  eastern  county  of  Kentucky,  borders  on 
Virginia.  Area,  about  780  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
three  branches  of  the  Big  Sandy  River,  respectively  named 
the  Elkhorn,  Louisa,  and  Russel's  Forks.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  mostly  covered  witJi  forests.  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Pikeville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9562 ; 
in  1880,  13,001;  in  1890,  17,378. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Bogue  Chitto,  and  also  drained  by  the  Tangipahoa  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
ests, in  which  the  cypress  and  magnolia  are  found.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  from  N.  to 
S.  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Magnolia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,303;  in  1880, 
16,688;  in  1890,  21,203. 

Pike,  a  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Salt  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Copper  River  and  Spencer's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  elm,  walnut,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products. 
Lower  Silurian  rocks  crop  out  in  this  county,  which  has 
also  extensive  deposits  of  carboniferous  limestone.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  St.  Louis 
<fc  Hannibal  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  North- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Bowling  Green.  Pop.  in  1870, 
23,076;  in  1880,  26,715;  in  1890,  26,321. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of 
about  436  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Scioto  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Beaver  and  Sunfish  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Ohio  Canal,  the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad,  and  the  Norfolk 
&  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Waverly.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,447;  in  1880,  17,927;  in  1890,  17,482. 

Pike,  a  northeastern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  borders 
on  New  Jersey  and  New  York.  Area,  about  620  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Lackawaxen  and  Shohola 
Greeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  rugged.  The  soil  is  mostly 
poor.  Forests  of  scrubby  oaks  and  other  trees  cover  a  large 
part  of  the  county.  Lumber,  potatoes,  hay,  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  The  New  York,  Lake  Erie  <fc 
Western  Railroad  passes  q.long  its  N.E.  border.  Capital, 
Milford.     Pop.  in  1870,8436;  in  1880,9663;  in  1890,9412. 

Pike,  or  Quincy  Junction,  a  station  in  Pike  oo., 
HI.,  on  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Bailroad,  on  the 


E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  Louisiana,  Mo., 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  fine  iron  railroad-bridge. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1585. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2206. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  840. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Ohio  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  921. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  941. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  710.  It 
contains  Plymouth. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Stoddard  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1421. 

Pike,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Wyoming  co~ 
N.Y,,  on  Wiscoy  Creek,  about  45  miles  E.8.E.  of  Buffalo, 
and  13  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen* 
mill,  and  2  cheese-factories.  Pop.  551.  The  township  con- 
tains another  village,  named  East  Pike.     Total  pop.  1727. 

Pike,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.     Pop.  1314. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1581.  It  con- 
tains Dialton  and  North  Hampton. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  773.  It 
contains  West  Carlisle. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.     Pop.  878. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  1301. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  394.  It 
contains  Liverpool. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.  Pop.  2319.  It  con- 
tains New  Lexington. 

Pike,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  is  at  Bethel,  a  hamlet 
22  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1333. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  925. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1814. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1138. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  184. 

Pike  City,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Nevada. 

Pike  Creek,  a  township  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.     P.  155. 

Pike  Five  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  oo.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  Pike  Village. 

Pike'Iand,  a  station  in  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Picker- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Phcenixville. 

Pike  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pike  township,  Potter 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek,  about  46  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lock 
Haven.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pike  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Callicoon  Depot.  It  has  a  churoh,  a  tannery, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pike  River,  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Menomonee  River.     Length,  50  miles. 

Pike  River,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebeo, 
2  miles  from  Des  Rivieres.     Pop.  200. 

Pike  Road,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Ala.,  oa 
a  railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Pike  Run,  Washington  co..  Pa.     See  Greenpibld. 

Pike's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Harrowsmith. 

Pike's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front  Range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  El  Paso  co.,  about  10  miles  W.  of 
Colorado  Springs.  Lat.  38°  50'  27"  N. ;  Ion.  lOS"  2'  26" 
W.  Its  altitude  is  14,147  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  its 
top  is  covered  with  perpetual  smow,  while  its  sides  are  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  fir.  On  its  summit  is  a 
government  signal  station,  which  commands  a  magnificent 
view  of  a  region  200  miles  in  circuit. 

Pike's  Peak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Pike's  Peak,  a  hamlet  in  Nankin  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  2  miles  from  Livonia  Station.     It  has  a  mill. 

Pike's  Peak,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Deer 
Lodge  CO.,  Montana,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It  has 
placer-mines  of  gold,  2  stores,  &o. 

Pike  Station,  a  post-village  in  Canaan  township, 
Wayne  co..  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron.     It  has  a  church. 

Pikesville,  piks'vll,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railrc»d,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.  It  has  5  churches  and  a  Catholic  seminary  for 
boys.     Here  is  a  United  States  arsenal. 

Pikesville,  Ohio.    See  Pikeville. 

Pikesville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pike  township,  Berks  oo., 
Pa.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Boyerstown.  It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Pike'ton,  or  Pike'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Pike  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  about 
135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  140. 

Piketon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stoddard  oo.,  Mo.,  20  miles 


PIK 


2164 


PIL 


^.S.W.  of  Allenville  Station,  and  about  44  miles  W.  of 
Oairo,  111.     It  has  a  church. 

Piket6n,  a  post-village  in  Seal  township,  Pike  cc,  0., 
on  the  B.  bank  of  the  Scioto  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Chilli- 
cothe,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Waverly.  It  contains  a  bank,  6 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  furniture- factory.     P.  638. 

Pike'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala., 
about  70  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Florence.     It  has  a  church. 

Pikeville,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ind. 

Pikeville,  Pike  oo.,  Ky.     See  Piketon. 

Pikeville^  a  post-hamlet  in  Pikeville  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad,  8  miles 
N".  of  Goldsborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1720. 

Pikeville,  a  post-village  in  Greenville  township,  Darke 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  W.  of  Piqua.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Pikeville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn., 
in  the  Sequatchie  Valley,  near  the  Cumberland  Mountain, 
about  50  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  college.     Pop.  188. 

Pil&o  Arcado,  pe-15wN"'  aR-k&'do,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Bahia,  on  the  river  Sao  Francisco.  Lat.  11°  30' 
S. ;  Ion.  42°  40'  W.     Pop.  5000. 

Pilar,  pe-lan',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parahiba,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Parahiba  River,  and  50  miles  W.  of  the 
city  of  Parahiba.     Pop.  3400. 

Pilar,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  170  miles  N.  of 
Qoyaz,  almost  encircled  by  the  Uruhu  and  Vermelho,  tribu- 
taries to  the  Almas.     Pop.  1 600. 

Pilar,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on 
the  Pilar.     Pop.  3000. 

Pilar,  a  town  of  Paraguay.    See  SfBBMBrcir. 

Pilares,  Capo  de  los,  k&'po  d&  loce  pe-l&'rAs,  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Pilas,  pee'l&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Seville.     Pop,  2897. 

Pilas,  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. 

Pilate,  peeMit',  a  mountain  of  France,  in  theC6vennes 
chain,  between  the  departments  of  Rhone  and  Loire. 

Pilate,  Pilat  (peeMif),  or  Pilatus  (pee-lA'toos), 
Monnt,  a  branch  of  the  Alps,  between  the  Swiss  cantons 
of  Lucerne  and  Unterwalden. 

Pilatka,  Putnam  co.,  Fla.    See  Palatka.. 

Pilaya,  pe-li'i,  or  Tupiza,  too-pee'si,  a  river  of 
South  America,  rises  near  the  S.W.  frontiers  of  Bolivia, 
flows  E.N.E.  under  the  name  of  San  Juan,  and  then  under 
that  of  Pilaya,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles, 
joins  the  right  branch  of  the  Pilcomayo,  about  20°  30'  S. 

Pilcher,  Belmont  co.,  0.     See  New  Castle. 

Pilcomayo,  pil-ko-mi'o,  or  Araguai,  &-r&-gwi',  a 
river  of  South  America,  rises  near  the  city  of  Chuquisaca, 
in  Bolivia,  flows  S.E.  through  the  Llanos,  and  joins  the 
Paraguay  nearly  opposite  Assumption,  by  two  branches.  The 
N.  (or  main)  branch  is  called  Pilcomayo  or  Araguai  Guazu, 
the  S.  Araguai  Mine.  Total  course  estimated  at  1000  miles. 
Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Pilaya  and  Paspaya.  In  its 
lower  course  it  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
Argentine  Republic  and  Paraguay. 

Piles  Grove,  a  township  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.    P.  3385. 

Pilgram,  pil'gr&m,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Tabor,     Pop.  3909,  who  manufacture  woollens. 

Pilgramsdorf,  pil'grims-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
In  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz,     Pop.  1680. 

Pil'grim  Port,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  2  or  3 
miles  from  Lyons. 

Pil'grims,  four  islands  lying  off  the  S.  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  below  L'Islet. 

Pilgrim's  Rest,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  40 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Pilica,  pe-leet'si,  or  Pilit'za,  a  town  of  Poland,  in 
Kielce,  on  the  Pilica,  an  affluent  of  the  Vistula,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop,  3000, 

Pilkallen,  pil'k&l-l^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  18 
miles  N,E.  of  Qumbinnen.     Pop.  2386. 

Pil'lar  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y,,  in 
Brownville  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  which 
here  enters  Lake  Ontario,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Watertown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Pillau,  pil'15w,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Frische-Haff,  25  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Konigsberg, 
3f  which,  and  of  Elbing  and  Braunsberg,  it  is  the  port. 
Pop.  3196. 

Pilleebhcet,  or  Pilibhit,  pll-lee-beet',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  35  miles  N.E,  of  Bareilly.     It  is  a  great 


mart  for  trade  in  all  kinds  of  produce,  timber,  wax,  wool, 
honey,  borax,  and  metals.     Pop.  29,840. 

Pillow,  Dauphin  oo..  Pa,     See  Uniontown. 

Pil'low's,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co,.  Ark. 

Pillsbury,  pilz'ber-re,  a  post-office  of  Todd  co,,  Minn. 

Pill 'town,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kilkenny,  4  miles 
E,  of  Carrick-on-Suir. 

Pi'lot,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co..  III.  Pop,  1140. 
The  post-office  is  called  Herscher,  and  is  on  the  IllinoU 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Kankakee. 

Pilot,  a  post-township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.  Pop. 
1332.     Pilot  Post-Office  is  at  Newtown. 

Pilot,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co,,  Iowa.  Pop.  462.  It 
contains  Pilot  Rock, 

Pilot,  a  township  of  Iowa  CO.,  Iowa.  Pop.  720.  Post- 
office,  West  Pilot, 

Pilot,  a  township  of  Surry  co,,  N.C.     Pop,  1311. 

Pilot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co,,  Va.,  9  miles 
S,S,E,  of  Christiansburg.     It  has  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

Pilot  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Pilot  township,  Kankake* 
CO.,  111.,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Kankakee. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  HI.    P.  1217. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post- hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  18 
miles  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co,,  Iowa. 
Pop.  838. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn., 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Blue  Earth  City.     Pop.  329. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Pilot  Grove  township. 
Cooper  CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &,  Texas  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boonville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  560. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.     P.  1024. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Sherman.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pilot  Hill,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  oo,,  Cal.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Auburn,  and  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  gold-mines,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Pilot  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Tenn. 

Pilot  Island,  Red  Sea,    See  Fisherman's  Rock. 

Pilot  Knob,  nSb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co,,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Todd  co.,  Ky, 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-village  in  Arcadia  township,  Iron 
CO,,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 86  miles  S.  by  W,  of  St,  Louis,  and  5  miles  S,  of  Iron 
Mountain.  Here  is  a  remarkable  hill,  which  is  almost  a 
solid  mass  of  excellent  iron  ore.  The  village  is  mainly 
supported  by  operations  in  iron.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
iron-smelting  furnace.     Pop.  in  1880,  l.i59;  in  1890,  757. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  about  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City, 

Pilot  Mound,  a  post- village  in  Pilot  Mound  township, 
Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  10  mileo 
N.W.  of  Boone,  and  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
Here  is  a  mound  about  100  feet  high.  Pop,  of  the  town- 
ship,  697, 

Pilot  Mound,  a  post- village  in  Pilot  Mound  township, 
Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Winona,  and  12 
miles  W.  of  Rushford.  The  township  is  intersected  by  Root 
River,  and  has  a  pop,  of  1023, 

Pilot  Mountain,  North  Carolina,  is  a  prominent  land- 
mark in  Surry  co.,  about  5  miles  N.  of  the  Yadkin  River. 

Pilot  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C,  25 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Salem. 

Pilot  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Graves  co.,  Ky. 

Pilot  Peak,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
in  Plumas  oo.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Quincy,  and  near  lat. 
39°  55'  N.     It  has  an  altitude  of  7605  feet. 

Pilot  Peak,  a  volcanic  peak  in  the  N.  part  of  Wyo- 
ming, 1  mile  S.  of  Index  Peak.  Its  height  is  estimated  at 
10,500  feet.  Silver-mines  have  been  opened  very  near  this 
mountain,  which  is  on  the  divide  between  Clarke's  Fork  and 
the  East  Fork  of  the  Yellowstone  River, 

Pilot  Point,  a  post-village  of  Denton  oo,,  Tex.,  about 
45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dallas,  and  28  miles  S.W,  of  Sherman. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and 
a  broom-factory.     Pop,  about  1000. 

Pilot  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pilot  township,  Chero- 
kee CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  50  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Pilot  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon.  5n 
miles  S,  of  Walla  Walla, 


PIL 


2165 


PIU 


Pilot  Town,  a  hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Duval 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  near  the 
ocean,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Pilot  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plaquemines  parish. 
La.,  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  on  one  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Mississippi. 

Piisen,  pil's^n,  Pilzen,  pilt's^n,  or  Pilsna,  pils'nl 
(Neu,  noi).  I.e.,  New  Pilsen,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Be- 
raun,  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Prague.  Pop.  23,681.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  important  commercial  towns  in  Bohemia,  and  has 
a  fine  Gothio  church,  town  hall,  gymnasium,  theatre,  mili- 
tary and  other  schools,  flourishing  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  morocco  leather,  iron  and  horn  wares,  beer,  and  pot- 
tery, a  large  annual  fair,  and  a  considerable  transit  trade 
with  Bavaria.  Alt,  &lt  (or  "  Old"),  Pilsen  is  5  miles  S.E. 
of  the  above  town.     Pop.  1326. 

Pilsno,  pils'no,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia, 
12  miles  E.  of  Tarnow,  on  the  Wisloka.     Pop.  1430. 

Pilten,  pil't^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on  the 
Vindau,  92  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  1496. 

Fil'zen,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

Pima,  pee'ma,  a  large  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arizona, 
borders  on  Mexico.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Rio  Gila,  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Santa  Cruz,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Rio  San  Pedro.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  table-lands  and  mountain-ridges.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Barley,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple 
products.  Gold,  silver,  and  copper  are  found  in  this  county. 
Area,  10,596  square  miles.  Capital,  Tucson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
5716;  in  1880,  17,006;  in  1890,  12,673. 

Pimblemere,  a  lake  of  Wales.    See  Bala  Lake. 

Pimentel,  pe-m5n-t5l',  a  seaport  of  Peru,  province  of 
Chiclayo,  10  miles  N.  of  Eten.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  rail- 
way to  Lambayequo,  is  a  sea-bathing  place,  and  has  con- 
siderable trade,  with  several  warehouses  and  railroad  shops. 

Pimento,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.    See  Hartford. 

Pim'lico,  a  suburb  of  the  British  metropolis,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  immediately  W.  of  St.  James's  Park,  2i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  comprises  many  elegant 
streets  and  squares,  with  Buckingham  palace  and  gardens, 
and  occupies  the  districts  between  Westminster  and  Chelsea. 

Pina,  pee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles 
S.E.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2900. 

Pina  de  Campas,  pee'ni  di  kim'pis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1177. 

Pin'ahat  Re'ha  Burren'da,  a  town  of  India, 
Agra  division.     Pop.  5349. 

Pinal,  pe-nil',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arizona,  has 
an  area  of  5300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Gila 
River.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital, 
Florence.     Pop.  in  1880,  3044;  in  1890,  4251. 

Pinaleno  (pe-n&-li'no)  Mountains,  a  range  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Arizona,  a  few  miles  S.  of  the  Rio  Gila.  Gra- 
ham Peak,  of  this  range,  is  said  to  be  10,400  feet  high. 

Pinal  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Arizona,  between  the  Gila  and  Salado  Rivers. 

Pinang,  an  island  of  India.     See  Penang. 

Pinarejo,  pee-ni-ri'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
tile, province  and  S.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1264. 

Pinarolium,  the  Latin  name  of  Pineroix). 

Pinasca,  pe-n4s'k4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Pinerolo,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  2960. 

Pin'chard's  Island,  an  island  near  Newfoundland, 
in  Bonavista  Bay,  8  miles  from  Green's  Pond.    Pop.  316. 

Pinch'back's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorsey  co., 
Ark.,  38  miles  from  Pine  Bluff. 

Pinck'ney,  a  post-village  in  Putnam  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  Huron  River,  near  Por- 
tage Lake,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  446. 

Pinckney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  58  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Pinckney,  a  post-township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.    It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1145. 

Pinck'neyville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  about 
64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Pinckneyville,  a  village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Pinckneyville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  111., 
near  Beaucoup  Creek,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash,  Chester  &  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  7  churches, 
k  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  and  lumber.  Mines  of 
eoal  have  been  opened  near  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  1298. 

Pinckneyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  15  miles  from  its  month. 


Pinckneyville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  c*  ,S.C.,  on  Broad 
River,  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Colombia. 

Pinion,  a  bay  of  Brazil.     Se«  Piszow. 

Pincon'ning,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Bay  oo^ 
Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A  Saginaw  Railroad  and 
the  Glencoe,  Pinconning  &  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  20  mile* 
N.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  453. 

Pinczow,  pin'chov,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and 
24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kielce,  on  the  Nida.     Pop.  5290. 

Pindamonhangaba,pin-d&-mon-&n-g&'b&,atownof 
Brazil,  state  and  190  miles  N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo,  on  the  Pa:.  - 
hiba.     Pop.  of  the  district,  6000. 

Pind-Dadun-Khan,  pind-di^dfin'-Kln,  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  near  the  Jhylum,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore, 
in  lat.  32°  36'  N.,  Ion.  72°  62'  E.  The  houses  are  mostly 
built  of  earth,  in  cedar  framework.  It  is  a  depot  for  salt, 
raised  from  adjacent  mines.     Pop.  13,340. 

Pindigheb,  pin-de-gheb',  a  town  of  India,  Panjab, 
division  of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  8223. 

Pindns,  pin'dQs  (Gr.  Jliviot),  a  mountain-chain  of 
Europe,  between  Albania  and  Thessaly,  connecting  the  Di- 
naric  Alps  on  the  N.  with  Mount  Othrys,  in  Greece,  on  the 
S.  Mount  Mezzo vo,  the  highest  point,  has  an  estimated 
height  of  8950  feet. 

Pine,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota,  borders  on 
Wisconsin.  It  is  intersected  oy  Kettle  River,  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Snake  and  many  minor  streams.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The 
soil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Paul  4k 
Duluth  Railroad  and  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Area, 
about  1400  square  miles.  Capital,  Pine  City.  Pop.  in 
1870,  648;  in  1875,  795;  in  1880,  1365;  in  1890,  4052. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  523. 

Pine,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  i 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  474. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1032. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  283. 

Pine,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  718. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1642. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  761. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Crawford  00.,  Pa.     Pop.  343. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     Pop.  921. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  527. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1235. 

Pine  Apple,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  &  Gulf  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Pine  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Pine  Bar'ren  Creek,  Alabama,  flows  N.W.,  and 
enters  Alabama  River  on  the  boundary  of  Wilcox  and 
Dallas  cos. 

Pine  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  00.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Je&'erson  co.,  Ark., 
is  on  a  high  blufif,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Arkansas 
River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  and  St.  Louis  &  Soath- 
western  Railroads,  about  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Little  Rook, 
and  71  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  high  schools,  8  churches,  3  banks,  a  Jewish 
synagogue,  4  weekly  and  2  daily  newspaper  offioes,  and  a 
job  office,  the  Pine  Blufif  Normal  Institute,  3  masonie 
lodges,  gas-works,  the  Pine  Blufif  Iron-Works,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  lumber,  cotton-seed  oil,  bricks, 
Ac. ;  also  the  monster  shops  of  the  St.  Louis  St  Southwestern 
Railroad.  Cotton  and  other  products  are  shipped  here 
largely.  Pop.  in  1880,  3203;  in  1890,  9952;  in  1894  (esti- 
mated), 16,000. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  H  miles 
W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  stores. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  00.,  Wis.,  1«  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  00.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cheyenne. 

Pine  Brook,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Long 
Branch. 

Pine  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  thf 
Passaic,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Morristown.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Pine  Bush,  a  post-village  in  Crawford  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Shawangunk  River,  and  on  the 
Middletown  4  Crawford  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Middlt- 
town.     It  has  2  churches,  several  mills,  Ac.     P.  about  800. 


PIN 


2166 


PIN 


Pine  Bush,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  18J  miles 
B.W.  of  Kingston.    See  also  Bennett's  Corners. 

Pine  City,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Pine 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Snake  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc 
Duluth  Railroad,  63i  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  and  an  active  trade 
in  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  535. 

Pine  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southport  township,  Che- 
mung oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Elmirs  i  State  Line  Railroad,  at 
Wells  Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  2  tanneries,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Pine  Creek,  of  Crawford  co..  Ark.,  enters  Arkansas 
River  from  the  N. 

Pine  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Benton  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
nearly  2  miles  above  Williamsport. 

Pine  Creek,  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  enters  St.  Joseph's 
River  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Pine  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Potter  oo.,  runs 
generally  southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Tioga  and  Ly- 
coming, and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
2  or  3  miles  above  Jersey  Shore.     Length,  100  miles. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Ogle  oo.,  111.     Pop.  1215. 

Pine  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Leroy  townsnip,  Cal- 
houn CO.,  Mich.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Pine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co..  Mo. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C.    P.  887. 

Pine  Creek,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  49i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  970. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     P.  941. 

Pine  Creek, apost-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

Pine  Creek  Furnace,  a  village  of  Armstrong  oo., 
Pa.,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  furnace  for  pig-iron.  A  branch  railroad  connects  it  with 
Pine  Creek  Station,  4  miles  distant. 

Pine'dale,  a  post-village  in  West  Brunswick  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  2^  miles  from  Anbum.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  superior  hotel. 

Pine  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Pine  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
road  between  Calistoga  and  the  Qeysers,  about  40  miles  N. 
of  Petal  uma.  It  is  a  depot  for  the  oinnabar-mines  of 
Sonoma  co. 

Pine  Fiats,  a  post-hamlet  in  Green  township,  Indiana 
CO.,  Pa.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pine  For'est,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  60.,  Ala. 

Pine  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Pinega,  pe-n4'g&,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of 
Vologda  and  Archangel,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Dwina 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Archangel.     Length,  290  miles. 

Pinega,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  93  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Archangel,  on  the  Pinega.     Pop.  951. 

Pine  Glen,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  about  32 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  about 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  is  found  here.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Pine  Grove,  a  station  of  the  Denver,  South  Park  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Denver,  Col. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Denver. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  A  Brunswick  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Baxley,  the 
county  seat.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Lexington  and  Winchester,  13  miles  E. 
of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  St.  Helena  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Tangipahoa  River,  about  50  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans. 

Pine  Grove,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1700. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Miss. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  00.,  Nevada, 
on  the  East  Walker  River,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Carson 
City.     Pop.  305. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  W.  of  AVatkins. 

Pine  Grove,  Gallia  co.,  0.    See  Porter. 

Pine  Grove,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Iron 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

Pine  Grove,  a  village  in  Pine  township,  Mercer  co.. 


Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  A  Alleghany  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Mercer.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  AVolf  Creek  Post- 
Office.    See  also  Mountain  Creek. 

Pine  Grove,  a  station  in  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Delaware  River,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-borough  in  Pine  Grove  township, 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  Swatara  Creek,  and  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill A  Susquehanna  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lebanon 
A  Tremont  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg,  24  miles 
N.  of  Lebanon,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Tremont.  It  has  5 
churches,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal, 
which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1103;  of  the  township,  2601. 

Pine  Grove,  a  township  of  Venango  00.,  Pa.  Pop.  876. 

Pine  Grove,  township,  Warren  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1206. 

Pine  Grove,  township,  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  827. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Washington. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  00.,  W.  Va., 
36  miles  S.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  milL 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co..  Wis. 

Pine  Grove,  a  township  of  Portage  co..  Wis.     P.  271. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  H 
miles  from  Woodbridge.     It  has  a  large  flour-mill.    P.  250. 

Pine  Grove  Furnace,  Pa.    See  Mountain  Creek. 

Pine  Grove  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Van  Bnren  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  A  South  Haven  Railroad,  22  milet 
£.  of  South  Haven. 

Pine  Grove  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Centre  00.,  Pa., 
in  Ferguson  township,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  coaoh-fao< 
tory.     Pop.  300. 

Pine  Mall,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  eo.,  N.C. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  19  milM 
W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Rail> 
road,  135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  charohea. 
Coal  is  mined  here. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  00.,  Mich.,  on  Laka 
Huron,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Shandaken  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  39 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  a  church. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  00.,  Pa. 

Pine  Hill,  a  village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  near  the  Hanover 
A  York  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.W.  of  York.     Pop.  200. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Exeter  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Overton,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Henderson.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  about  200. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  about 
35  miles  N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Pine  HoI'low,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  00.,  Wis. 

Pine  House,  a  village  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  at  Pine 
House  Depot,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Rail 
road,  26  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

Pine  Iron-Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Pottstown. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  boiler-plate. 

Pine  Island,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Isle  of  Pines. 

Pine  Island,  a  post-village  in  Pine  Island  township, 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Zumbro  River, 
about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rochester,  and  26  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Red  Wing.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  548. 

Pine  Island,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warwick  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goshen,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  the  Pine  Island  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad. 

Pine  Island  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Polk  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  intersects  Hardin  co.,  and  enters  the  Necbes 
River  about  6  miles  above  Beaumont. 

Pine  Knob,  nob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  on 
Otter  Creek,  about  48  miles  W.  of  Madison. 

Pine  Knot,  not,  a  hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Knot,  Pennsylvania.    See  Mine  Hill  Gap. 

Pine  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Waukesha 
CO.,  and  is  about  2i  miles  long. 

Pine  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
small  lake,  about  56  miles  N.W.  of  Albany. 

Pine  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pine  Level,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Manatee  co.. 


PIN 


2167 


PIN 


Fla.,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tampa.  It  has  a  oourt- 
house  and  3  stores.     It  is  surrounded  by  pine  woods. 

Pine  liCvel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnston  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Raleigh  and  Goldsborough,  30i  miles 
S.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  several  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pinel'las,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla. 

Pine  Log,  a  post-oflBce  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  about  52 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Pine  Mead'ow,  a  post-village  in  New  Hartford  town- 
ship, Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in  a  valley  on  the  Farmington 
River,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Col- 
linsville  Branch  of  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Rail- 
road, 1  mile  S.  of  New  Hartford,  and  28  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  duck,  planes,  rules,  &o. 

Pine  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  oo.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Muscatine.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Pine  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  Tex. 

Pine  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga. 

Pine  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Pine  Nut  Mountains,  a  range  extending  along  the 
E.  border  of  Douglas  and  Ormsby  cos.,  Nov.,  nearly  parallel 
with  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Car- 
son Valley. 

Pine  Or'chard,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Piu'eo  Village,  or  Wat'erville,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  Counties  Railway, 
10  miles  from  Kentville.     Pop.  140. 

Pine  Plains,  township,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  180. 

Pine  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Pine  Plains  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad 
and  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie,  and  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  a  public  library,  and  a  manufactory  of  fan- 
ning-mills.     Pop.  401 ;  of  the  township,  1414. 

Pine  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Pine  Point,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Me 

Pine  Point,  Sufifolk  co.,  Mass.     See  Ocean  House. 

Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish.  La. 

Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Miss. 

Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Pine  (or  Piney)  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  runs  N.W.  in  Summit  co.,  and  enters  the  Grand 
River. 

Pine  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Isabella  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Montcalm  co.  and  northeastward 
through  Gratiot  co.,  and  enters  the  Tittabawassee  River  in 
Midland  co.  at  Midland.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Pine  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Osceola  co.,  runs  north- 
westward through  Lake  co.,  and  enters  the  Manistee  River 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  Manistee  co. 

Pine  River,  a  small  stream  of  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  is  the 
outlet  of  several  little  lakes.  It  runs  southward  and  en- 
ters the  Mississippi  River. 

Pine  River,  a  small  stream  of  Carroll  co.,  in  the  E. 
part  of  New  Hampshire,  falls  into  Ossipee  Lake. 

Pine  River,  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  runs  nearly  eastward, 
and  enters  the  Menomonee  River.     It  is  90  miles  long. 

Pine  River,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
rises  in  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  runs  southward  through  Richland 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  at  Richland  City. 

Pine  River,  a  post-office  of  La  Plata  co.,  Col.,  on  a 
stream  called  Los  Pinos  or  Pine  River. 

Pine  River,  a  hamlet  in  Arenac  township,  Arenac  oo., 
Mich.,  near  Saginaw  Bay,  2  miles  S.  of  Arenac. 

Pine  River,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.     P.  981. 

Pine  River,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Minn. 

Pine  River,  a  post-village  in  Leon  township,  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  16  miles  N. 
of  Berlin,  and  about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pine  River,  Bruce  co.,  Ontario.    See  Lukgan. 

Pine  Rock,  a  township  of  Ogle  oo..  111.     Pop.  1048. 

Pinerolo,  pe-ni-rol'o  (Fr.  Pignerol,  peen'y?r-ol' ;  Sp, 
Piflerol,  peen-y4-r5l' ;  L.  Pinaro'lium),  a  town  of  Italy, 
situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Alps,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Turin,  on 
the  Clusone.  Pop.  16,730.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  a  noble  square,  a  fine  cathedral,  and  3  other  churches, 
8  convents,  a  large  hospital,  barracks,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  and  leather. 

Pine  Run,  or  Vienna,  a  post-village  in  Vienna 
township,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Pine  Creek,  and  near  the 
Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Here  is  Pine  Run  Post- 
Office.     See  also  Clio. 


Pine  Run,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Pines,  Isle  of.  West  Indies.     See  Islb  of  Pivm. 

Pine  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Pine  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky. 

Pine  Station,  a  station  of  the  Eureka  A  Palisade 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Eureka,  Nevada. 

Pine  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  eo.,  Pa.,  oe 
the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lock 
Haven.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pine  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa^ 
about  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Swamp,  a  township  of  Ashe  co,,  N.C.     P.  408. 

Pine  Top,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Pine  Top,  a  post-office  of  Hardeman  oo.,  Tenn. 

Pine  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  27 
miles  W.  of  Cheraw. 

PineUuck'y,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  about  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Marion. 

Pine  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Yalabusha  oo.,  Miss. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Reynolds  co.,  Mo. 

Pine  Valley,  a  village  and  station  of  Cattaraugus  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Dayton  township,  on  the  Bufifalo  &  Jamestown 
Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Bufi°alo.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  broom 
factory,  a  wagon-shop,  and  about  35  houses.     Here  is  tho 
South  Dayton  Post-0  ffice. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Veteran  township,  Che- 
mung co.,N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church  and  several  factories 
Pop.  260. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah, 
about  15  miles  N.  of  St.  George.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop,  about  250. 

Pine  Valley,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.     P.  1525. 

Pine  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  oo.,  Va.,  10 
miles  S:  of  Bealeton  Station. 

Pine  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Big  Pine  Creek,  20  miles  W.  of  Lafayette,     It  has  a  church. 

Pineville,  pin'vil,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co,,  Ala. 

Pineville,  a  post-office  of  Izard  co,.  Ark. 

Pineville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ga. 

Pineville,  Pike  co..  111.    See  Baylis, 

Pineville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland,  13  miles  N.  of  Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn. 

Pineville,  a  post-village  of  Rapides  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Red  River,  opposite  Alexandria.  It  has  6  churches. 
Pop.  540. 

Pineville,  a  hamlet  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss.,  28  miles 
from  luka.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Pineville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  about  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pineville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McDonald  co..  Mo., 
in  Pineville  township,  on  Elk  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Neosho, 
and  80  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  The  township 
is  partly  covered  by  nine  forests.     Pop.  1057. 

Pineville,  Cayuga  and  Oswego  cos.,  N.Y.  See  Spring 
Lake  and  Salmon  Ritkr. 

Pineville,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  oo,,  N.C,  on 
the  Charlotte,  Columbia  <t  Augusta  Railroad  (at  Morrow's), 
11  miles  S.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Pineville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Newtown,  and  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Pineville,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co,,  Tex.,  about  110 
miles  N.E.  of  Houston, 

Pineville,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pine  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  12  miles 
from  Loveland. 

Pine  Wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  44  miles  W,S,W\  of  Nashville,     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Pine  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y,,  li 
miles  from  Morrisville.     It  has  a  church  and  carriage-shop. 

Pinewy,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Pinne. 

Piney,  pee^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Anbe,  11  milflt 
N.E,  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1654. 

Pi'ney,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Piney,  a  township  of  Oregon  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  437. 

Piney,  a  township  of  Texas  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  866. 

Piney,  a  township  of  Ashe  oo.,  N.C     Pop.  839. 

Piney,  or  Piny,  a  post-township  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa., 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Clarion  River.     Pop.  1160. 

Piney  Bridge,  a  station  of  the  Little  Rook  A  Fort 
Smith  Rtvilroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Clarksville,  Ark. 

Piney  (or  Big  Piney)  Creek,  Arkansas,  draias  part 
of  Pope  CO.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  from  the  N.  at 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  Johnson  co. 


PIN 


2168 


PIO 


Piney  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Dickson  co.,  runs 
Bouthward,  and  enters  Duck  River  in  Hickman  co. 

Piney  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Frederick  <fc  Pennaylvania  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Frederick. 

Piney  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C., 
35  miles  from  Marion,  Va.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  689. 
Piney  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa. 
Piney  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Piney  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.    It 
has  a  church. 
Piney  Fork,  Missouri.    See  Qasconade  River. 
Piney  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Md.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Cumberland. 
Piney  Grove,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.    P.  1776. 
Piney  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va. 
Piney  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Potomac  River,  14  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Here  is  a  fixed  light  25  feet  high. 

Piney  Point,  a  station  in  Harris  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 
Piney  River,  Colorado.    See  Pine  River. 
Piney  River,  Missouri.     See  Gasconade  River. 
Piney  River,  a  stream  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ten- 
nessee, flows  into  Duck  River  from  the  right,  in  Hickman  co. 
Ping,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numerous  Chinese  cities. 
Ping-Hoi,  ping^hoi',  a  city  of    China,  province   of 
Ouang-Tong,  on  Harlem  Bay,  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macao. 
Ping-Hoo,  a  large  town  of  China,  near  Shanghai. 
Ping'Liang,  pingMe-&ng',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kan-Soo,  in  lat.  35°  34'  N.,  Ion.  106°  30'  E. 

Ping'Lo,  pingUo',  a  city  of  China,  in  QuaDg-See,on  an 

affluent  of  the  Canton  River,  180  miles  W.N.W.  of  Canton. 

Pin'gree  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  on 

the  Chicago  <k  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elgin. 

Ping' Yang,  ping^ying',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 

Shan-See,  on  the  Fuen-Ho,  135  miles  S.W.  of  Tai-Yuen. 

Ping- Yuen,  ping^yoo-4n',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  26°  37'  N.;  Ion.  105°  40'  E. 

Pinheiro  de  Bempo8ta,pin-y&'e-ro  di  bAN<>-pos't&, 
a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Coimbra. 

Pinhel,  peen-yfil',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Almeida.  Pop.  2234.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  bishop's  palace. 

Pin  Hook  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Oaston 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad. 

Pin'hook  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Pinilla,  pe-neel'yi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  prov- 
ince and  N.E.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1253. 

Pinillos,  a  village  of  Spain.     See  Pinob  de  Oenil. 
Pin   Island   Bayou    (bi'oo),  Texas,  flows  into  the 
Neohes  River  from  the  W.,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Beaumont. 

Pinkafeld,  pink'4-f4lt*,  or  Pinkafy,  peen^kSh'fee,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenberg,  on  the  Pinka,  20  miles 
W.  of  Giins.  Pop.  2482. 
Pink  Bed,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 
Pink'erton,  a  post- village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Wellington,  Grey  <fe  Bruce  Railway,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Wal- 
kerton.     Pop.  100. 

Pink  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Mo.,  about  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Pink  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C,  about  66 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Wilmington.  Pop.  of  Pink  Hill  town- 
ship, 572. 

Pink  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  division),  10 
miles  E.  of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pink'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oregon  co..  Mo.,  about 
«0  miles  W.S.W.  of  Poplar  BluflF.     It  has  a  church. 

Pink'ney,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1018. 
Pinkney,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2413. 
Pinkueyville,  Illinois.     See  Pincknetville. 
Pink  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  111. 
Pink'staff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  111.,  in  Bond 
township,  on  the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Lawrenceville.     It  has  a  church. 
Pin'nacle,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 
Pinnahat,  or  Pinahat,  pin^ni-h&t',  also  called  Pin- 
hat  and  Pinaht,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Agra.     Pop.  6571. 

Pinne,  pin'neh,  or  Pinewy,  pe-ni'vee  (?),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  5272. 

Pinneberg,  pin'neh-b4BG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
Btein,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the 
Elbe.     Pop.  3060. 


Pin'nellville,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

Pino,  pee'no,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  stone-quarry.     Pop.  191. 

Pin  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo..  111.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Flora.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pin  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Pin  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Flatonia.     It  has  a  church. 

Pin  Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Gentry  oo..  Mo., 
about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Pino  de  Chieri,  pee'no  di  ke-&'ree,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1755. 

Pino  de  Valencia,  pee'no  di  v&-ldn'the-&,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  45  miles  from  Caceres.   Pop.  2215. 

Pinole,  pe-no'14,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Contra 
Costa  CO.,  Cal.,  6  miles  E.  of  San  Pablo. 

Pinon,  pee-n5n',  a  station  in  Pueblo  oo..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  30^  miles  S.  of  Colorado 
Springs. 

Pinos,  pee'noce,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  Gulf 
of  Darien.     Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  9°  N. ;  Ion.  77°  48'  W. 

Pinos  Altos,  pee'noce  Al'toce,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  about  115  miles  N.W.  of  Mesilla. 

Pinos  de  Genii,  pee'noce  dk  B&-neeI',  or  Pinillos, 
pe-neel'yoce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and 
6  miles  E.  of  Granada,     Pop.  778. 

Pinos  del  Rey,  pee'noce  ddl  r&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  20  miles  S.  of  Granada.    Pop.  1721. 

Pinos,  Isla  de,  Spain.    See  Isle  of  Pines. 

Pinoso,  pe-no'so,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  29  miles  W.  of  Alioante.     Pop.  2309. 

Pinos  Puente,  pee'noce  pwin'UL,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2356. 

Pinsk,  pinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  143 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Pripets,  here  joined  by  the 
Pina.  Pop.  25,490.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  and  a 
transit  trade. 

Pin'son,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Pintada  (pin-t&'d&)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
San  Juan  Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  about  1  (> 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Del  Norte.     Height,  13,176  f«*. 

Pintia,  the  ancient  name  of  Valladolid. 

Pintla'la,  or  Pintela'la,  a  creek  of  Alabama,  flows 
S.E.  into  Alabama  River,  16  miles  below  Montgomery. 

Pinto,  pin'to,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2044. 

Pin'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eureka  oo.,  Nov.,  7  miles  from 
the  Eureka  <fc  Palisade  Railroad.  It  has  2  hotels  and  a 
quartz-mill. 

Pinto,  a  post-office  of  Iron  oo.,  Utah. 

Pintschew,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Pinczow. 

Pintuaria,  Canary  Islands.    See  Tenbrttfe. 

Piny,  a  town  of  France.    See  Piney. 

Piny,  Clarion  oo..  Pa.    See  Pinet. 

Pinyaree,  or  Pinyarree,  pin-y&'ree\  a  branch  of 
the  river  Indus,  at  its  delta,  enters  the  ocean  by  the  Sir 
mouth,  15  miles  N.W.  of  the  Koree  month. 

Pinzon,  or  Pinion,  pin-son',  a  small  bay  of  Brazil, 
near  the  island  of  Ittimaraoa.     Lat.  2°  N. 

Piobesi,  pe-o-bi'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  not  far  from  Carignano.     Pop.  2357. 

Pioche,  pe-o'cb&,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Nov.,  on  the  Nevada  Central  Railroad,  about  125  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  rich  silver-mines,  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  4  quartz-mills.  A  daily  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  1144. 

Piolenc,  pe-oMftN<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vanclose,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Orange.     Pop.  2017. 

Pioltello,  pe-ol-t^l'lo,  or  Piccola  Pioda,  pik'ko-l& 
pe-o'di,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1840. 

Piombino,  pe-om-bee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  opposite  the  island  of  Elba,  12  miles  W.  of 
FoUonica.  Pop.  3999.  It  has  a  castle,  a  palace,  and  a 
small  harbor,  and  near  it  are  salt-works  and  supposed 
traces  of  the  ancient  Populo'nia.  The  Channel  of  Piom- 
bino, between  the  town  and  Elba,  is  6  miles  across. 

Pi^oneer',  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal. 

Pioneer,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  876, 
exclusive  of  Mechanicsville. 

Pioneer,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Pioneer,  post-township.  Rush  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  210' 

Pioneer,  a  post-township  of  Missaukee  oo.,  Mich. 


PIO 


2169 


PIR 


Pioneer,  a  post-rillage  of  Deer  Lodge  oc,  Montana, 
on  the  Hell  Qate  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Pioneer,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  near  the  St.  Joseph  River  (of  the  Maumee), 
14  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  754. 

Pioneer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil 
River  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  A  Alleghany  River  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.  of  Titusville.  Here  are  several  oil-wells 
and  a  machine-shop. 

Pioneer,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 
Pioneer  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Rocky  River,  about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charlotte. 

Pi'oneer'ville,  or  Pioneer  City,  a  post-village  of 
Bois6  CO.,  Idaho,  in  the  Bois6  Basin,  on  Grimes  Creek, 
about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Idaho  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  250. 

Piop'olis,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  3 J  miles 
from  Delafield  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  an  orphan 
asylum  (Catholic). 

Piop'olis,  or  Saint  Zenon,  sin»  z§h-n5N»',  a  post- 
village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Lake  Megan- 
tic.     Pop.  200. 

Piossasco,  pe-os-sis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3805. 

Piotrkow,  a  town  of  Poland.  See  Petrikait. 
Piove,  or  Piove  di  Sacco,  pe-o'vi  dee  sik'ko,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Padua,  on  the  Brenta  Canal,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Venice,  with  many  country  residences  of  Vene- 
tians. It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  willow-work,  Ac.  Pop. 
8221. 

Pipaix,  pee^pi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  9 
miles  E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1930. 

Pipe  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Grant  co.,  runs  north- 
westward through  Miami  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
7  miles  B.  of  Logansport. 

Pipe  Creek,  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  runs  southwest- 
ward,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White  River. 

Pipe  Creek,  Maryland,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  in  a 
W.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Monocacy  River  on  the 
line  between  Carroll  and  Frederick  cos. 

Pipe  Creek,  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  flows  into  Sandusky  Bay 
near  Sandusky. 
Pipe  Creek,  township,  Madison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2300. 
Pipe  Creek,  township,  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1227. 
Pipe  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Pipe  Creek,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.  of  Westminster. 
Pipe  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bandera  co.,  Tex. 
Pi'per  City,  a  post-village  in  Brenton  township,  Ford 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  76  miles 
E.  of  Peoria,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Gilman.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  3  elevators,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Pi'per  Islets,  i'lets,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Temple  Bay.     Lat.  12°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  5'  E. 

Piperno,  pe-p5B'no,  a  town    of  South  Italy,  on  the 
Amaseno,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  5066. 
Pi'per's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 
Piper's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Huntingdon  A  Broad  Top   Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Huntingdon. 

Pipersville,  pi'p§rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.. 
Pa.,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Pipersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Rock  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown. 

Pipe  Stone,  a  S.W.  county  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on 
South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  460  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Rock  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  prairie. 
Capital,  Pipe  Stone.     Pop.  in  1880,  2092;  in  1890,  5132. 

Pipestone,  a  post-township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     It 
has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop. 
1405.  Pipestone  Post-Office  is  9  miles  S.E.  of  Benton  Harbor. 
Pipe  Stone,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pipe  Stone  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  50  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Heron  Lake.     Pop.  in  1880,  222 ;  in  1890,  1232. 
Pipesville,  pips'vil,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  0. 
Pipriac,  pee*pre-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  412. 

Piqna,  a  suburb  of  Columbus,  0.  Pop.  in  1870,  2364. 
Piqua,  pick'way,  a  city  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  is  beautifully 
situated  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Miami  River,  and 
on  the  Miami  Canal,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dayton,  and  73 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  wide  streets,  whioh 
are  lighted  with  arc  electric  lights,  handsomely  paved,  and 
beautifully  shaded.  The  site  is  a  level  plateau,  whioh  is 
separated  by  the  river  from  higher  ground  on  the  opposite 
137 


bank.  Piqua  contains  20  churches,  a  city  hall,  a  high  school, 
6  ward  schools,  3  national  banks,  manufactures  of  flour, 
carriages,  furniture,  wool,  stoves,  linseed  oil,  corrugated 
iron,  straw-board,  Ac,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  The  prodncts  of  many 
fertile  farms  are  shipped  at  this  place,  which  is  on  the  Day- 
ton A  Michigan  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pnn-Handle 
Railroad.  There  are  4  bridges  across  the  river.  Pop.  in 
1880,  6031;  in  1890,  9090;  in  1894  (estimated),  13,000. 

Piqniri,  pe-ke-ree',  a  river  of  Braxil,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  SZo  Lourenco 
Length,  120  miles.  " 

Piracruca,  pe-ri-kroo'ki,  a  town  of  Brasil,  in  Pianhy 
85  miles  S.  of  Parnahiba.     Pop.  2000. 

Piracunan,  pe-ra,-koo-n4n',  a  river  of  Brazil,  stoto 
of  MaranhSo,  flows  N.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Cuma. 
Length,  100  miles. 

Piraeus,  or  Piraeens,  pl-ree'fis  (Gr.  n«ipot«;*,  Pirai- 
eus;  It.  Porto  Leone,  poR'to  14-o'ni,  or  Porto  Dracone, 
poR'to  dri-ko'ni;  Fr.  Pirie,  peeV4'),  a  town  of  Greece,  in 
Attica,  is  the  port  of  Athens,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  that  city, 
with  which  it  communicates  by  a  railway.  The  modern  town, 
wholly  built  since  1834,  is  on  an  isthmus  connecting  with 
the  mainland  a  hilly  peninsula,  on  which  are  the  remaina 
of  the  tomb  of  Themistocles.  It  has  a  large  trade,  exten- 
sive machine-shops,  and  cotton-mills.  On  its  N.W.  side  is 
its  principal  port  (anc.  Aphrodisium),  and  on  the  S.E.  rida 
of  the  peninsula  are  two  other  harbors.     P.  (1889)  34,327. 

Pirahi,  pe-ri-hee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  52 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  the  river  Pirahi,  an 
affluent  of  the  Parahiba.     Pop.  3000. 

Piraino,  pe-ri'no  (anc.  Pyracmium),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  the  N.  coast,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  3606, 
who  export  oil,  wine,  and  corn. 

Piranga,  pe-r&n'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes, 
on  the  Piranga,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Mariana. 

Piranhas,  pe-rin-yis',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  Para- 
hiba, flows  N.E.  and  N.,  and  enters  the  ocean  by  3  monthB, 
— the  Amaragosa,  the  Conchas,  and  the  Cavallos.  Total 
course,  200  miles. 

Pirano,  pe-ri'no,  a  seaport  town  of  Austria-Hungary, 
in  Istria,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Triest.  Pop.  7691.  It  has  a 
convenient  harbor,  citadel,  cathedral,  and  an  export  trade 
in  salt,  wine,  oil,  and  olives. 

Pirara,  pe-r&'r&,  a  village  of  British  Guiana,  at  theE. 
end  of  Amicu  Lake.     Lat.  3°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  59"  12'  W. 

Pirary,  a  river  of  Bolivia.     See  Pirat. 

Pi'rate  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  3  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Pop.  120. 

Pi'rate  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  in 
the  Chinese  Sea.     Lat.  21°  N.;  Ion.  108°  10'  E. 

Pirate  Isle,  an  island  of  Africa.     See  Bobia. 

Piratinim,  pe-ri-tee-neeu"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  river  Piratinim,  75  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rio  Grande.     Pop.  3673. 

Piratiny,  pe-r&-tee-nee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Uruguay 
about  lat.  28°  10'  S.     Length,  140  miles. 

Piray,  pe-ri',  or  Pirary,  pe-ri-ree',  a  river  of  Bolivia, 
flow  N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  140  miles,  joins  the  Guapai. 
In  the  lower  course  it  sometimes  takes  the  name  of  Flores. 

Pire  Cheney,  Michigan.    See  Pere  Chenkt. 

Piretibbi,  or  Piretibbe,  peeV^-tib'bee,  a  small  laic 
of  British  America,  near  lat.  51°  30'  N.,  Ion.  69°  W. 

Pire'way  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 

Piriateen,  or  Piriatin,  pe-re-i-teen',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Poltava,  on  the  Oodai,  26  milea 
N.W.  of  Loobny.     Pop.  4987. 

Piristina,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Pristina. 

Piritn,  pe-re-too',  a  maritime  town  of  Venezuela,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona.  Nearly  opposite  to  it  are  th« 
Piritu  Islands,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Pir-Jelalpoor,  peer^-jdl-&l-poor'  (?),  a  town  of  tha 
Punjab,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Sutlej  and  Chenaub.  40 
miles  S.  of  Mooltan. 

Pirmasens,  or  Pirmasenz,  pg8R'm&-slnt8\  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  in  the  Vosges,  13  milea  E.S.E.  of 
Deux-Ponts.  Pop.  10,044.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  2  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  high  school,  and  manafao- 
tures  of  tobacco,  straw  hata,  musical  instruments,  and  glass. 

Pirna,  p^gR'ni,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Elbe,  and  on  the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Prague,  1 1 
miles  S.E.  of  the  former.  Pop.  10,581.  It  has  a  hospital, 
and  manufactures  of  earthenware,  tobacco,  ootton,  linen,  and 
woollen  stuffs. 

Pirnitz,  pSSR'nits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  7  miles  S.B.  of 


PIR 


2170 


flS 


Iglau.    Pop.  33C1.     It  has  an  anoient  oastle,  and  mana- 
faotnres  of  linon  and  woollen  stuffs. 

FiroU)  pe-ron',  an  island  of  the  Louisiade  Archipelago. 
Lat.  11°  20'  S.J  Ion.  153°  25'  E. 

Pir«Failjal)  peer^pin-j4r  (?),  a  lofty  range  of  moun- 
tains, forming  part  of  the  S.W.  boundary  of  Cashmere,  and 
separating  it  from  the  Punjab.  Length,  40  miles.  Highest 
point,  15,000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  At  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity is  the  Pir-Panjal  Pass,  about  12,000  feet  high. 

Pir-Potta)  peer-put'ti,  a  place  of  pilgrimage  in 
Sinde,  on  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Indus,  S.W.  of  Tatta. 
Lat.  24°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  10'  E. 

Pisa^  pee'z&  or  pee'si  (anc.  Pi'sa  and  Al'phm;  Fr. 
Pise,  peez),  a  walled  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  on  the  Arno,  7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leghorn,  at  a  railway  junction.  Lat.  43° 
43'  11"  N.;  Ion.  10°  23'  58"  E.  Pop.  50,331.  It  is 
about  5  miles  in  circumference,  its  streets  are  wide,  and  it 
has  many  noble  edifices.  The  Arno  within  the  city  is  bor- 
dered by  fine  quays  and  crossed  by  bridges.  In  one  of  its 
squares  is  the  famous  Campanile,  or  leaning  tower,  built 
of  white  marble,  and  fronted  with  207  columns;  it  is  178 
feet  in  height,  and  50  feet  in  diameter,  the  topmost  story 
overhanging  the  base  about  13  feet.  There  are  also  in  the 
same  square  the  celebrated  cemetery  of  Campo  Santo,  con- 
taining a  huge  mound  of  earth  brought  from  the  Holy 
Land  in  the  twelfth  century ;  the  baptistery,  a  polygonal 
building,  160  feet  in  diameter ;  and  the  cathedral, — all  of 
which  are  striking  marble  edifices.  The  cathedral  is  richly 
adorned  without  and  within,  and  surmounted  by  a  lofty 
dome.  Among  its  interior  ornaments  are  some  magnificent 
bronze  doors,  numerous  fine  columns  brought  from  Greece, 
and  a  remarkable  pulpit,  the  work  of  Nicolo  Pisano,  the 
founder  of  the  Pisan  school  of  sculpture.  There  are  also 
numerous  churches.  The  other  principal  edifices  are  the 
town  hall,  palace,  the  palace  of  the  academy  of  fine  arts, 
extensive  buildings  of  the  university,  the  city  hall,  custom- 
house, prisons,  hospitals,  the  theatre,  and  an  aqueduct,  4 
miles  in  length,  which  brings  water  from  Asoiano.  The 
ancient  university  of  Pisa  is  still  a  great  centre  of  educa- 
tion, and  it  has  also  a  college  of  nobles,  episcopal  seminary, 
many  other  public  schools,  and  some  manufactures  of  soap, 
glass,  and  vitriol.  Three  miles  S.  of  Pisa  are  extensive 
dairy-farms,  where  1500  cows  and  200  camels  are  kept. 
Three  and  a  half  miles  N.  are  the  Bagni  di  Pisa,  medicinal 
baths,  frequented  by  many  visitors.  Pisa  was  one  of  the 
1 2  principal  cities  of  Etruria,  and  from  the  tenth  to  the 
fourteenth  century  it  was  the  capital  of  a  republic  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pisan. 

Pisa^  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  having  W.  the 
Gulf  of  Genoa,  N.  Luooa,  E.  Florence,  Siena,  and  Grosseto, 
and  S.  the  Tyrrhenian  Sea.  Capital,  Pisa.  Area,  1180 
square  miles.     Pop.  265,959. 

Pisagna,  pee-s&'gwi,  a  seaport  of  Chili,  lat.  19°  27' 
B.     A  railway  extends  hence  35  miles  to  Sal  de  Obispo. 

Pisangun,  pe-s&n-goon',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ajmere, 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Ajmere.     Pop.  5055. 

Pisaniay  pe-zan'e-^  a  village  and  Britisn  factory  of 
West  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  200  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Pisarzow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Schreibbndorf. 

Pisaurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Pesaro. 

Pisaurus,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  FoauA. 

Piscaria^  an  ancient  name  of  Peschiera. 

Piscas'sick  River,  a  small  stream  of  Rockingham 
and  Strafi'ord  cos.,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Hampshire, 
falls  into  Lamprey  River. 

Piscat'aqua  River  is  formed  by  the  Cocheoo  and 
Salmon  Rivers,  which  unite  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dover, 
N.H.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward,  forms  part  of  tho 
boundary  between  Maine  and  New  Hampshire,  and  enters 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  at  Portsmouth,  for  which  its  mouth 
forms  a  good  harbor. 

Piscat'aquiS;  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Maine,  has  an  area  of  about  4000  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Penobscot  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Piscataquis  River  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  mostly 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous  lakes,  the 
largest  of  which  are  Moosehead  and  Chesuncook  Lakes. 
In  the  E.  part  of  this  county  stands  Mount  Katahdin, 
which  has  an  altitude  of  5385  feet  and  is  the  highest  point 
in  the  state.  A  large  part  of  this  county  is  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Potatoes,  hay,  cattle,  lum- 
ber, oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Quarries  of 
alate  have  been  opened  in  it.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  and 
the  Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad.  Capital,  Dover,  on  the 
Piscataquis.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,872;  in  1890,  16,134. 


Piscataquis  River,  Maine,  drains  the  S.  part  of  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  PenoDsoot  River 
in  Penobscot  co.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  is  nearly 
75  miles  long. 

Piscat'aquog  (or  Squog)  River,  Hillsborough  oo., 
N.H.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  River 
1  mile  below  Manchester. 

Piscat'away,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  GeQrge's  oo., 
Md.,  on  a  creek,  near  the  Potomac  River,  about  14  miles  S. 
of  Washington.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  120. 

Piscataway,  township,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.    P.  2757. 

Piscataway,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Pisciotta,  pe-8bot't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.  of 
Vallo,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3589. 

Pisco,  pees'ko,  a  maritime  town  of  Peru,  department 
and  130  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lima,  lat.  13°  43'  S.,  Ion.  76°  17' 
W.,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Pisco  River  in  the  Pacific. 
A  railway  connects  it  with  19a,  and  another  with  Lima. 

Piscopi,  pis'ko-pe,  an  island  ofif  the  W.  coast  of  Asia 
Minor,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Rhodes. 

Piscopi,  a  maritime  village  of  Cyprus,  on  its  S.  coast, 
24  miles  E.  of  Baffa. 

Pis'co  River,  Washington,  rises  on  the  eastern  slope 
of  the  Cascade  Range,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Ya- 
kima River  near  lat.  46°  21'  N.     Length,  100  miles. 

Pise'co  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Hamil- 
ton CO.,  and  is  the  chief  source  of  the  Saoondaga  River.  It 
is  5  or  6  miles  long. 

Pisek,  pee'sdk,  or  Piseca,  pee-z&'k&,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Wotawa,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tabor.  Pop. 
9181.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  high 
school,  several  churches,  a  military  academy,  some  woollen- 
cloth-  and  nitre-factories,  and  a  brisk  transit  trade. 

Pisgah,  piz'g^  a  mountain  of  Palestine,  situated  N.E. 
of  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

Pisgah,  piz'ga,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  00.,  111.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Jacksonville  and  Virden,  7  miles  S.E.  of  the 
former. 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  00.,  Md.,  about  28 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Pisgah,  a  poflt-hamlet  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  2  chui^hes  and  a  mill. 

Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Butler  co., 
0.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  2  miles 
from  Chester  Railroad  Station. 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  E. 
of  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  2  stores. 

Pish'elville,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Neb. 

Pish'on's  Ferry,  a  poist-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co.,  Mc, 
on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

Pishtaka  (pish-tah'k^)  Lake,  Illinois,  is  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Woodstock,  and  is  partly  in  Lake  co.  It  is 
an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  and  is  nearly  7  miles  long. 

Pishtaka  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Fox  River. 

Pisino,  pe-see'no  (Ger.  Mitterburg,  uiit't^r-bodRoMt  a 
town  of  Austria-Hungary,  capital  of  Istria,  34  miles  S.E. 
of  Triest.     Pop.  2909.     It  has  a  trade  in  fruit  and  wine. 

Pisogne,  pee-s6n'y4,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bergamo,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Iseo.     P.  3477- 

Pison,  pe-zoo',  written  also  Pissou,  a  river  of  Li- 
beria, reaches  the  Atlantic  near  lat.  6°  40'  N.,  Ion.  11°  30'  W. 

Pis'quid  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  00.,  Prino« 
Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  21 
miles  from  Charlottetown.    Pop.  150. 

Pisquouse  River,  Wash.    See  Wbnacheb  River. 

Pissa,  pis'si,  a  river  of  Prussia,  issues  from  Lake 
Wistitten,  on  the  frontier  of  Poland,  flows  N.W.,  and  unites 
with  the  Angerap  in  forming  the  Pregel.  Length,  70 
miles. 

Pissevache,  peessV&sh',  a  famous  waterfall  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Valais,  on  the  Sallenche  River,  4  miles  N. 
of  Martigny.     ToUl  height,  280  feet. 

Pisticci,  pis-tee'chee,  or  Pisticcio,  pis-tee'cho,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  19  miles  S.  of  Matera,  with 
7540  inhabitants,  3  churches,  a  large  convent,  2  hospitals, 
and  some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Pistoja,  pis-to'yi  (Fr.  Pistoie,  peesHwi' ;  anc.  Pis- 
to'ria,  or  Pisto'rium),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  province 
of  Florence,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ombrone,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Florence.  Pop.  12,966.  It  is 
enclosed  by  ramparts  and  bastions,  defended  by  a  strong 
citadel,  and  well  built,  having  wide  streets,  lined  by  antique 
houses.  Principal  public  buildings,  a  cathedral  and  sev- 
eral churches,  an  episcopal  palace,  several  convents,  anu  a 


PIS 


2171 


PIT 


fine  old  town  hall.  It  has  an  academy,  a  museum  of  nat- 
ural history,  2  public  libraries,  and  a  theatre,  with  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth,  silk  twist,  leather,  iron  wire,  and 
bars,  some  trade  in  cattle,  raw  silk,  and  straw  hats,  and 
considerable  manufactures  of  fire-arms,  fine  cutlery,  and 
surgical  instruments. 

Fistolet  (peesHo'lA')  Island,  an  island  in  a  bay  of 
the  same  name,  on  the  French  shore  of  Newfoundland,  7 
miles  from  Cape  Norman. 

Pistyn,  pis-teen',  a  town  of  Austrian  Oalioia,  10  miles 
S.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  2888. 

Pisuerga,  pe-sw4R'g4,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, rises  in  the  Cantabrian  Mountains,  flows  mostly  S.S.W., 
and  joins  the  Douro  10  miles  below  Valladolid.  Length, 
140  miles. 

Pit,  pit,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  government  of 
Yeniseisk,  near  lat.  60°  N,  and  Ion.  97°  E.,  flows  W.S.W., 
and  joins  the  Yenisei  on  the  right,  70  miles  below  the  town 
of  Yeniseisk.     Length,  240  lailes. 

Pitangui,  pe-ting-gheo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Pit'cairn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pitcairn  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatohie  River,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ogdensburg.     Pop.  of  township,  1103. 

Pit'cairn  Island,  a  solitary  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Lat.  25°  3'  6"  S, ;  Ion.  130°  8'  W.  It  is  2i  miles 
in  length.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  its  shores  rising  almost 
perpendicularly.  In  the  whole  island  there  is  but  one  land- 
ing-place, at  Bounty  Bay.  The  cocoa-nut,  plantain,  banana, 
pandanus,  orange,  and  bread-fruit  trees  flourish ;  and  maize, 
Bweet  potatoes,  yams,  sugar-cane,  and  other  tropical  plants 
are  cultivated.  The  climate  is  healthful,  with  the  ther- 
mometer ranging  from  59°  to  89°  Fahrenheit.  Here  a  re- 
markable colony  was  founded  in  1790  by  the  mutineers  of 
the  English  ship  Bounty,  and  consisting  originally  of  9 
British  sailors,  6  native  Tahitian  men,  and  12  women.  In 
1825  Captain  Beeohey  found  here  a  colony  of  66  persons. 
Under  the  patriarchal  superintendence  of  one  of  the  original 
mutineers,  an  Englishman  named  Adams,  the  children  had 
been  reared  and  educated.  They  have  a  church,  school, 
and  comfortable  cottages,  forming  a  village.  They  speak 
and  read  the  English  language,  are  of  an  active,  robust 
frame  of  body,  and  dark  complexion,  with  pleasing  counte- 
nances. A  part  of  the  descendants  of  the  original  colony 
now  live  at  Norfolk  Island. 

Pitch'er,  a  township  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  326. 

Pitcher,  a  post-village  in  Pitcher  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Otselic  Creek,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Bing- 
hamton,  and  18  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  148.  The  township  has 
5  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1082. 

Pitcher  Springs,  a  post-ofl5ce  in  Pitcher  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Pitch'erville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  about 

24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Galena. 

Pitchin,  Iroquois  co.,  Illinois.     See  Glenwood. 

Pitch'in,a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  in  Green  township, 
5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Pitch  Land'ing,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
Hertford  co.,  N.C.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Chowan  River,  50 
miles  direct  S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

PiteA,  pit'e-5,  a  river  of  North  Sweden,  laens  of  Wes- 
terbotten  and  Norrbotten,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  near 
PiteA,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  180  miles. 

PiteA,  a  seaport  town  of  North  Sweden,  capital  of  Norr- 
botten, on  the  PiteA,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia, 
110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ume4.  Pop.  2064.  It  has  a  convenient 
harbor  and  several  ship-building  docks.     See  Norrbotten. 

Piteccio,  pe-tJt'cho  (anc.  Pittccium  ?),  a  village  of 
Italy,  near  the  Ombrone,  5  miles  N.  of  Pistoja.    Pop.  1600. 

Piteglio,  pe-til'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Pistoja.     Pop.  of  commune,  3314. 

Pitesti,  pe-t5s'tee,  or  Pitescht,  pe-tSsht',  a  town  of 
Roumania,  65  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bucharest.    Pop.  13,000. 

Pithecusa,  an  ancient  name  of  Ischia. 

Pithiviers,  peeHeeVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret, 

25  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans.  Pop.  4899.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  almond-cakes,  hemp,  candles,  leather,  Ac,  and  a 
trade  in  saffron,  silk,  and  honey. 

Pit'hole  City,  a  decayed  post-borough  of  Venango  oo., 
Pa.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Titus- 
ville.  It  has  several  oil-wells,  one  of  which  formerly  yielded 
7000  barrels  in  a  day.  It  once  contained  more  than  10,000 
inhabitants,  but  it  is  now  nearly  deserted.    It  has  2  churches. 

Piti,  pee'tee,  a  district  of  Thibet,  among  the  Himalayas, 
belonging  to  Great  Britain,  and  bounded  E.  by  the  Chinese 
territories,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Panng. 


Pitic,  pee-tik',  or  Petic,  p^-tik',  a  town  of  Mexico,  »UU 
of  and  on  the  Sonora,  95  miles  S.W.  of  Arispe.     Pop.  6000 

Piticcium,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pitkccio. 

Pitigliano,  pe-teel-y4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorino* 
of  Siena,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  3970. 

Pit'kin,  a  post-village  of  Colorado,  co.  and  27  milea  bj 
rail  N.E.  of  Gunnison.     Pop.  1891. 

Pitlaud,  a  town  of  India.     See  Petlaud. 

Pitlochrie,  pit-loK'ree,  a  village  and  watering-pUea 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Dun- 
keld,  near  Killiecrankie.     It  has  mineral  springs.    P.  510. 

Pit'man,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co..  Ark. 

Pitman,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 

Pitman  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Mantua  township, 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  at  Pit- 
maq  Station,  15^  miles  S.  of  Camden.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pitre,  peet'r,  an  islet  in  the  Little  CuI-de-Sac,  a  bay  of 
Guadeloupe,  French  West  Indies,  S.  of  La  Pointe-4-Pltre. 

Pitschen,  pitch'^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2230. 

Pi-Tse-Wo'a,  or  Pi-Tse-Wo,  a  seaport  town  of 
Chinese  Manchooria,  on  the  Yellow  Sea.  Lat.  39°  18'  N. ; 
Ion.  122°  18'  E.  Its  port  is  well  sheltered  and  never  icy,  but 
much  of  it  is  rather  shallow. 

Pitt,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  baa  an 
area  of  about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Tar 
River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Neuse  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Grindle  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  partly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  cattle,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wilmington  <fe 
Weldon  Railroad.  Capital,  Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,276;  in  1880,  21,794;  in  1890,  25,519. 

Pitt,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  991. 

Pitt,  or  Makin,  mi-keen',  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  one  of  the  Gilbert  Islands,  in  lat.  3°  20'  N.,  Ion. 
172°  57'  E. 

PitUenweem',  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  on  a  railway,  24 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1760. 

Pitthem,  pitt'^m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan« 
ders,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  5450. 

Pitt,  3Iount,  Oregon.     See  Mocnt  Pitt. 

Pitt  River,  California,  issues  from  Goose  Lake,  in 
Modoc  CO.,  and  runs  southwestward.  It  intersects  Lassen 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River  in  Shasta  co.  It  trav- 
erses a  rugged  and  mountainous  region. 

Pitts,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Mo.,  about  32  miles 
W.  of  St.  Charles. 

Pitt's  Archipelago,  ar-ke-pel'a-go,  in  the  Paoifio 
Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  British  Columbia,  is  mostly  between 
lat.  62°  and  54°  N.,  Ion.  130°  W.  Pitt's  Island,  the  largest 
of  the  group,  is  about  75  miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.     Several  other  islands  in  the  Pacific  have  this  name. 

Pittsborough,  pits' biir-riih,  a  post-village  in  Middle 
township,  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  &  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  several  churches,  a  flour-mill,  7  stores,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  700. 

Pittsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  oo. 
Miss.,  about  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus,  and  30  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Grenada.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  186. 

Pittsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chatham  oo., 
N.C.,  about  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  4  churches,  and  the  Locust  Hill  Seminary. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Pitts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Tip- 
pecanoe township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  li 
miles  W.  of  Delphi,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  wool- 
len-mill, a  high  school,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  327. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  1^  miles  above  Keosauqua.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-village  qT  Crawford  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Girard.  It  has  8  chorohes, 
3  banks,  public  schools,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  uno  and 
silver-melting-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  6697. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  oo.,  Miob., 
about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lansing.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  abont 
48  miles  N.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsburg  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  45  miles  N.  bj 
£.  of  Lancaster.    It  has  a  church,  »  starob-mill,  and  act' 


PIT 


i2i;72 


FIT 


eral  saw-mills.    The  township  is  the  northernmost  in  the 
state,  and  also  the  largest  in  area.     It  has  a  pop.  of  400. 

Pittsburg,  or  Pittsburgh,  a  city  and  the  capital  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  and  a  port  of  delivery,  is  .354  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Philadelphia,  148  miles  S.  of  Erie,  and  193  miles 
B.  of  Columbus.  Lat.  40°  26'  34"  N, ;  Ion.  80°  2'  38"  W. 
Within  the  angle  formed  by  the  rivers  Alleghany  and  Mon- 
ongahela  where  they  meet  and  give  birth  to  the  Ohio  (the 
three  rivers  forming  a  water-line  which,  viewed  from  the 
W.,  resembles  a  letter  Y,  except  that  the  Ohio  trends  some- 
what to  the  N.)  lies  the  original  Pittsburg,  the  inner  point 
being  the  site  of  the  old  Fort  Du  Quesne  of  the  French, 
later  of  Fort  Pitt,  the  nucleus  of  the  city ;  looking  inland 
from  the  point  the  land  widens  rapidly  and  at  the  same 
time  rises  slowly,  but  quite  perceptibly,  from  the  high-water 
level  to  an  elevation  of  from  400  to  500  feet.  Mostly  upon 
this  slope  lies  the  closely-built-up  portion  of  the  city,  with 
river-frontage  on  both  the  N.W.  and  the  S.W.,  extending 
about  8  miles,  with  but  a  slight  inclination  northward  in 
the  Alleghany  line,  and  two  slight  curves,  first  northward 
then  southward,  in  that  of  the  Monongahela.  Until  1872 
the  city  was  bounded  by  the  two  rivers,  but  during  that 
year  it  crossed  the  S.W.  boundary  by  the  annexation  of  the 
extensive  manufacturing  district  formerly  comprised  in  the 
boroughs  of  Temperanceville,  Union,  West  Pittsburg,  Allen- 
town,  Mount  Washington,  Birmingham,  East  Birmingham, 
Lower  St.  Clair,  South  Pittsburg,  and  Ormsby.  In  1874 
the  city  was  further  enlarged  by  annexing  Wilkins  township 
on  the  E.  Pittsburg  contains  21  blast-furnaces,  49  iron- 
foundries,  34  factories  for  window-glaf^s,  37  for  flint-  and 
lime-glass,  1 0  for  lamp-cbimnoys,  5  for  green  bottle-glass, 
15  for  prescription  vials,  also  manufactories  for  air-brakes, 
locomotives,  automatic  signals,  electric-light  apparatus, 
builders'  hardware,  Japan,  Britannia,  silver-,  and  nickel- 
plated  wares,  articles  in  brass,  copper,  bronze,  to.,  together 
with  gas-fittings  and  mechanical  supplies  of  every  kind. 
The  territory  on  the  S.W.  of  the  Monongahela  is  almost 
entirely  occupied  by  extensive  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. The  banks,  insurance  companies,  newspapers,  and 
wholesale  merchants  mostly  occupy  a  belt  along  Wood  and 
Smithfield  streets  and  the  intersecting  avenues.  The  homes 
of  "the  iron  city"  are  almost  all  on  the  highlands  E.,  rail- 
roads affording  every  facility,  by  frequent  local  trains  and 
moderate  fares,  to  those  desiring  suburban  homes.  The 
growing  manufactures  of  Pittsburg  are  steadily  extending 
their  area  more  and  more  eastward.  The  various  parts  of 
Pittsburg  and  its  suburbs  are  connected  by  numerous  sub- 
stantial bridges  and  linos  of  steam,  cable,  and  electric  oars. 
Among  the  bridges  which  cross  both  rivers  at  short  inter- 
vals, one  across  the  Monongahela  at  its  mouth  is  a  massive 
iron  viaduct,  and  is  considered  a  noble  triumph  of  modern 
engineering  and  a  strong  testimonial  to  the  value  of  iron 
in  combining  strength  with  elegance.  Among  the  notable 
buildings  of  Pittsburg  are  the  court-house,  costing  $2,500,- 
000,  the  Government  building,  recently  finished  at  a  cost 
of  $1,500,000,  the  Exposition  building,  the  city  hall,  a  hand- 
some and  substantial  edifice  of  white  saudstone^  with  a  mas- 
sive central  tower,  containing  a  clock  which  is  connected 
by  ingenious  electric  apparatus  with  the  stellar  clock  of 
the  Alleghany  Observatory;  the  custom-house,  where  are 
also  the  post-office  and  United  States  courts ;  the  county 
court-house;  a  number  of  large,  handsome  church  edifices 
(among  them  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  is  one  of  the 
largest,  while  Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  church  is  one  of 
the  handsomest,  in  the  United  States,  and  St.  Peter's  Prot- 
estant Episcopal,  Christ  Methodist  Episcopal,  the  First  and 
Third  Presbyterian,  the  First  and  Fourth  Baptist,  and  sev- 
eral others,  are  very  handsome  edifices) ;  the  United  States 
arsenal ;  a  considerable  number  of  public  and  private  school 
buildings,  libraries,  Ac;  several  of  the  bank,  insurance, 
and  other  business  edifices ;  and  a  number  of  the  leading 
hotels.  Pittsburg  is  the  site  of  the  Carnegie  Art,  Library, 
and  Music  Building,  and  the  Phipps  Conservatory.  Aided 
by  its  natural  gas  fuel,  it  is  pre-eminently  the  manufac- 
turing city  of  this  continent.  It  has  a  large  and  varied 
commerce,  domestic  and  foreign ;  it  gathers  bituminous 
coal  and  petroleum  from  the  rich  country  around,  and 
sends  the  former  by  thousands  of  tons  to  all  parts  of  the 
hemisphere,  and  the  latter  by  millions  of  gallons  to  all 
parts  of  the  world ;  15,000  ovens  make  coke  to  the  amount 
in  a  single  year  of  more  than  a  million  tons,  and  its  iron, 
steel,  and  glass  products  are  vast.  The  Alleghany  and 
Monongahela  afford  excellent  natural  channels  for  the  re- 
ception of  iron  and  coal  from  the  mines,  oil  from  the  wells, 
and  lumber  from  the  forests,  and  the  Ohio  for  the  trans- 
portation of  all  the  rich  products  to  the  various  markets 
$Jkd  distributing  points  along  its  shores  and  those  of  the 


Mississippi  River.  Pittsburg's  grandest  outlets  and  inlets 
are,  however,  supplied  by  a  complete  system  of  rail- 
roads running  out  in  all  directions:  the  Pennsylvania 
and  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroads  eastward,  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <k  St. 
Louis  Railroads  westward,  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg,  the 
Ashtabula  &  Pittsburg,  and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  (the  last 
three  being  branch  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania)  northward, 
and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  numerous  local  and 
branch  lines,  complete  a  perfect  net-work  of  rails,  connect- 
ing this  great  mining  and  manufacturing  centre  with  the 
rich  supply-districts  and  with  the  markets  and  seaboard  of 
the  entire  continent.  As  a  commercial  city,  Pittsburg  is  a 
port  of  delivery  of  the  district  of  New  Orleans,  and  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  its  foreign  traffic  is  thus  made  dif- 
ficult of  identification ;  but  it  is  sufficient  to  note  that  year 
after  year  Pittsburg's  domestic  and  foreign  trade  is  steadily 
growing,  while  as  a  manufacturing  city  its  progress  is 
rapid  and  its  attained  position  the  first  on  the  continent. 
The  city  is  divided  into  37  wards,  and  is  governed  by  a 
mayor  and  two  chambers  of  council ;  it  has  excellent  police 
and  fire  departments,  an  ample  supply  of  pure  water,  and 
is  well  lighted  by  electricity.  Pittsburg  has  a  most  satis- 
factory public-school  system,  and  several  admirable  private 
and  denominational  schools,  among  which  the  Pittsburg 
Female  College,  controlled  by  the  Methodist  Church,  has 
long  been  a  flourishing  institution.  Between  Pittsburg  and 
its  neighbor,  Alleghany  City,  there  is  close  community  of 
interest  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  social  and  educational 
advancement,  and  together  they  form  a  centre  of  culture 
as  well  as  of  great  industrial  life.  The  city  has  47  national 
and  state  banks,  besides  a  number  of  private  banking 
houses,  a  large  and  flourishing  chamber  of  commerce,  .{ 
libraries,  and  about  200  churches.  There  are  10  daily  and 
20  weekly  papers  published  here,  and  a  dozen  monthly 
and  other  periodicals,  representing  various  interests. 

HUtory. — Fort  Du  Quesne,  a  French  trading-post,  erected 
in  1754,  formerly  oooapied  the  site  where  Pittsburg  now 
stands.  After  repeated  attempts,  the  British  took  the  place 
in  1758,  and  erected  a  fortification  on  the  site  of  Du  Quesne, 
which  they  called  Fort  Pitt,  in  honor  of  William  Pitt,  then 
prime  minister  of  England.  The  town  of  Pittsburg  began 
to  be  settled  in  1765.  It  became  a  county  town  in  1791, 
was  incorporated  a  borough  in  1804,  and  was  chartered  as  :i 
city  in  1816.  Pop.  in  1810,  4768;  in  1820,  7248;  in  1830, 
12,542;  in  1840,  21,115;  in  1860,  49,217;  in  1870,  86,07«, 
of  whom  29,854  were  returned  as  engaged  in  various  occu- 
pations, 12,370  being  employed  in  manufactures.  In  the 
same  year  the  Birmingham  district  had  a  pop.  of  35,723. 
which,  added  to  that  of  the  old  city,  made  a  total  of  121,799 
Pop.  in  1880,  156,.389:  in  1890,  238,617. 

Pittsburg*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Camp  oo.,  Tex., 
on  the  East  Line  k  Red  River  Railroad,  about  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  an  Odd-Fellow's  college.     Pop.  in  1890,  1208. 

Pittsburg  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  10 
miles  above  Savannah.  A  great  battle  was .  fought  here 
between  General  Grant  and  General  A.  S.  Johnston,  April 
6  and  7,  1862;  often  called  the  battle  of  Shiloh.  Here  u  a 
national  cemetery. 

Pitt's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

Pitts'iield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co..  111.,  in 
Pittsfield  township,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy,  and  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  is  6  miles  S.  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Pitts- 
field  Branch.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, and  a  graded  school  with  a  school  building  which 
cost  $45,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  2295  ;  of  the  township,  3270. 

Pittsfield,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Pittsfield  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River, 
and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the 
Pittsfield  A  North  Adams  Railroad.  Lat.  42°  26'  55"  N., 
Ion.  73°  15'  36"  W.  By  railroad  it  is  50  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Albany,  151  miles  W.  of  Boston,  and  53  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Springfield.  It  is  situated  in  the  lovely  Berkshire  val- 
ley, more  than  1000  feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  surrounded 
by  mountains.  The  streets  of  the  city  cross  one  another  at 
right  angles ;  in  the  centre  is  Park  Square,  on  which  stand 
several  handsome  churches,  the  white  marble  court-house, 
which  cost  nearly  $400,000,  and  the  Berkshire  Athenaeum, 
built  at  a  cost  of  $100,000,  and  near  which  is  the  building  of 
the  Berkshire  Life  Insurance  Company.  Pittsfield  containii 
9  churches,  the  Maplewood  Institute  for  young  laiiies,  occu- 
pying several  spacious  edifices,  another  young  ladies'  semi- 


PIT 


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PIZ 


nary,  a  conservatory  of  music,  an  academy  of  music  (the- 
atre), built  at  a  cost  of  $80,000,  a  mercantile  library,  2 
national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  public  high  and  grammar 
eehools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  supplied  with  water  from  Lake  Ashley,  and 
is  lighted  with  gas.  Near  its  western  border  is  the  Pitts- 
field  Pleasure  Park.  The  city  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  paper,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  boots 
and  shoes,  silk,  flour,  tacks,  ale,  beer,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1870, 11,112;  in  1880,  13,364;  in  1890,17,281. 

Pittsfield,  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Somer- 
set CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Sebasticook  River,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta,  and  34  miles 
W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Maine  Central 
Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2503. 

Pittsfield)  township,  "Washtenaw  cc,  Mioh.    P.  1121. 

Pittsfield)  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Suncook  River,  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Concord.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  goods  and  of  boots  and  shoes.  It  is  the 
northern  terminus  of  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Hookset.     Pop.  in  1890,  2605. 

Pittsfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsfield  township,  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  New  Berlin  Station,  and  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs,  blinds,  Ac.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Unadilla  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1521. 

Pittsfield)  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Lo- 
rain CO.,  0.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Black  River,  4  miles 
S.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  2  churches  and  4  cheese-factories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

Pittsfield)  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  Pa.,  on  Brokenstraw  Creek,  on  the  Philadelphia 
&  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Dunkirk  A  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Corry,  and  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Titusville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  8ehool,  a  saw-mill, 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1851. 

Pittsfield)  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Rut- 
land CO.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  482. 

Pittsfield)  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  719. 

Pitts'ford)  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  528. 

Pittsford)  a  post-village  in  Pittsford  township,  Hills- 
dale CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
liailroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Adrian,  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Hillsdale.  It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.  Pop. 
about  400 ;  of  the  township,  1577. 

Pittsford)  a  post-village  in  Pittsford  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Auburn  Branch 
of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Roch- 
ester. It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  malt,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Pop.  505. 
The  township  has  7  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2215. 

Pittsford)  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Pitts- 
ford township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland, 
and  7  miles  S.  of  Brandon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  manufactures  of  paper,  marble,  iron,  Ac,  and  a 
summer  hotel.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2127. 

Pittsford  Quarry)  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsford  town- 
ship, Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland.  Here  is  a  marble-quarry.  It 
is  sometimes  called  North  Pittsford. 

Pitts'grove,  a  post-township  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  about 
26  miles  S.  of  Camden,  is  intersected  by  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad.     It  contains  Elmer  and  Daretown.     Pop.  1667. 

Pitt's  Island.     See  Pitt's  Archipelago,  and  Vani- 

EORO. 

Pitt's  Lake,  in  the  S.  part  of  Oregon,  near  118°  W. 
Ion.  and  42°  10'  N.  lat.    Length,  40  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Pitt's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  Sale 
River,  about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.     Pop.  98. 

Pitts'toU)  a  post- village  in  Pittston  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  oppo- 
site Gardiner,  and  about  6  miles  below  Augusta.  A  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  Pittston  with  Gardiner  and  with 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  shoe- 
factory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1281. 

Pittston)  a  post-borough  in  Pittston  township,  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  Wyoming  Valley,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lackawanna,  and  on 
the  Lehigh  Valley,  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's,  and 
Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroads,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Wilkesbarre,  and  9  mile|  S.W.  of  Scranton.  A  bridge 
across  the  North  Branch    connects  this   place  with  West 


Pittston.  Pittston  contains  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  and  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  which  is  the  chief  article 
of  export.  P.  in  1890,  10,302  ;  of  township,  additional,  3284. 
Pitts'towU)  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  NJ., 
about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  has  s  public  hall, 
a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  150. 
Pittstowtt)  Salem  co.,  N.J.    See  Elmer. 

Pittstowtt)  a  post-village  in  Pittstown  township.  Rem- 
selaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  The  town- 
ship is  traversed  by  the  Troy  A  Boston  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains other  villages,  named  Johnsonville,  Valley  FalLs,  and 
Tomhannoc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3967. 

Pitt  Strait)  Malay  Archipelago,  is  between  Salawatty 
and  Batanta,  ofi"  the  N.W.  end  of  Papua. 

Pitts'villC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Wicomico  A  Pocomoke  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Salisbury. 

Pittsville)  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township,  Joho- 
son  CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  N.  of  Holden.     It  bsa  a  church. 

PittsvillC)  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockland  township,  Ve- 
nango CO.,  Pa.  It  is  li  miles  from  Rockland  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsville)  a  post-village  of  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  3' 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Houston.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsville)  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Chatham. 

Pittsville)  a  city  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Yellow 
River,  5  miles  N.  of  Dexter  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  a  quarry  of  granite,  a  publishing  company,  a 
coopering  industry,  a  manufactory  of  wagon  stock,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  653. 

Pittsylva'nia)  a  county  in  the  S.  of  Virginia,  bor- 
dering on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  914  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Staunton  River,  and 
is  drained  by  the  Banister  and  Dan  Rivers,  the  latter  of 
which  crosses  the  southern  boundary  five  times.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Danvilla 
Railroad.  Capital,  Chatham.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,342;  in 
1880,  52,589;  in  1890,  69,941. 

Pittsylvania  Conrt-House,  Va.    See  Chatham. 

Pitt'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  Pitt 
River,  40  miles  N.  of  Lassen's  Peak.     It  has  a  store. 

Pitt'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  5J 
miles  N.  of  Watseka. 

Pityusa)  the  ancient  name  of  Formentera. 

Pitzthal)  pits'til,  a  village  of  Tyrol,  near  Imst,  in  a 
long  and  bleak  valley  of  the  same  name. 

Piunhi)  pe-oon-yee',  or  IiivramentO)le-vri-mfin'to, 
a  town  of  Brazil,  58  miles  W.S.W.  of  Formiga. 

Pinra)  pee-oo'ri,  a  river  of  Peru,  enters  the  Paoifio 
after  a  W.  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Piura)  or  San  Miguel  de  Piura)  sin  mee-ghjl'  d4 
pee-oo'ri,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  department  of  it« 
own  name,  is  on  the  Piura,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lambaye- 
que.  Pop.  12,000.  The  department  of  Piura  has  an  area 
of  13,931  square  miles  and  a  pop.  of  135,502. 

Pi  Ute)  pi  yut,  a  county  of  Utah,  bordering  on  Colo- 
rado, has  an  area  of  about  3695  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Colorado  River  and  its  branches  the  Grand  and 
Green  RiVers,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Sevier  River.  It 
comprises  a  part  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains.  The  soil  of 
the  plains  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Capital, 
Junction.     Pop.  in  1880,  1651 ;  in  1890,  2842. 

Pi  Ute)  a  station  in  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Winnemucca. 

Piverone,  pe-vi-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin.     Pop.  1597. 

Pivniczna)  or  Piwuiczna)  piv-neets'nft,  a  villag* 
of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Poprad,  13  miles  S.  of  Neu- 
Sandeo.     Pop.  4339. 

Pix'ley)  a  township  of  Clay  co..  111.     Pop.  1517. 

Pizarra)  La,  li  pe-thau'Ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  An 
dalusia,  about  15  miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2331. 

PizecO)  or  PizeecO)  New  York.    See  PiSBCO. 

Pizzighettone,  pit-se-gh5t-to'ni,  a  fortified  town  of 
Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cremona,  on  the 
Adda.  Pop.,  including  the  suburb  of  Gerra,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  river,  4327.     It  is  enclosed  by  an  old  wall. 

PizzO)  pit'so,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Monteleone,  on  the  Gulf  of  Santa  Eufemia.     Pop.  8238. 

PizzoferratO)  pit-so-fdn-Ri'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Chieti,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1605. 

Pizzoli,  pit-so'lee,  a  town  of  Itily,  province  and  tt 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aquila.  It  has  3  churches,  a  large  mon- 
astery, and  4062  inhabitants. 


I. 


PJA 


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Pjatigorsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Piatigorsk. 

Placanica,  pli-ki'ne-k4,  a  town  of  Italy,  proTince 
of  Reggie  di  Calabria,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Qeraoe.   Pop.  1439. 

Placencia.    See  Plasencia. 

Placentia,  pla-sen'sh^-q,,  a  seaport  town  and  port  of 
entry  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  peninsula, 
extending  from  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island,  in  about  lat.  47° 
11'  30"  N.,  Ion.  530  55'  W.  It  was  first  settled  by  the 
French  in  1626.     Pop.  400. 

Placentia  Bay,  a  deep  inlet  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, 75  miles  in  length,  and  nearly  60  miles  in 
breadth  at  its  entrance  between  Capes  St.  Marie  and  Cha- 
peau  Rouge. 

Placer,  pli-saiR',  or  Placet,  pli-sSl',  a  Spanish  word, 
signifying  literally  a  "layer  of  sand,  pebbles,  Ac,  in  the 
bottom  of  the  sea  or  of  a  river."  More  frequently,  however, 
it  is  used  to  denote  the  layers  of  sand,  earth,  Ac,  formed 
by  the  washings  of  a  river,  and  containing  deposits  of  gold 
or  other  metal. 

Pla'cer,  a  county  of  California,  borders  on  Nevada. 
Area,  about  1500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by 
Lake  Tahoe,  on  the  N.W.  by  Bear  River,  on  the  S.  by  the 
Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  North  Fork  of  the  American.  These  rivers  run  in 
narrow  canons  or  ravines  which  are  in  some  places  2000 
feet  deep  or  more.  The  Sierra  Nevada,  which  occupies  the 
eastern  part  of  this  county,  presents  grand  mountain- 
scenery.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  noble 
forests  of  pine  and  other  coniferous  trees.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  wine,  fruits,  and  wool  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  farms,  and  gold  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Among  the  minerals  found  in  this  county 
are  granite,  serpentine,  quartz,  and  slate.  It  is  intersected 
by  two  divisions  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  one  of 
which  connects  with  Auburn,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870, 
11,357;  in  1880,  14,232;  in  1890,  15,101. 

Placer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Boulder 
Valley,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Placer  (or  Placiere)  Afoantain,  New  Mexioo,  is 
near  Gallisteo,  about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Santa  F6.  Coal, 
gold,  and  iron  are  found  in  it.  It  is  reported  rich  in  gold, 
and  the  outcroppings  of  coal  are  of  groat  interest. 

Pla'cerville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  is  situated  in  a  hilly  country,  about  50  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sacramento,  and  1  mile  S.  of  the  South  Fork  of  the 
American  River.  It  is  10  miles  from  the  Placerville  & 
Sacramento  Valley  Railroad.  It  contains  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  2  banking-houses,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop  G^ld  is  found  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1690. 

Placerville,  a  post-office  and  mining-oamp  of  Oaray 
00.,  Col.,  on  the  San  Miguel  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Leopard 
Creek,  about  200  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alamosa.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  here. 

Placerville,  a  post-village  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  in  the 
Bois6  Basin,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Idaho  City.  It  is  on  a  small 
affluent  of  the  Bois6  River.     Gold  is  found  here.  Pop.  426. 

Pla'ces,  a  station  of  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Rochester,  N.H. 

Placiere  Mountain.    See  Placer  Mountain. 

Placita,  pli-see'ti,  a  village  of  Lincoln  00.,  New  Mex- 
ico, 9  miles  from  Fort  Stanton. 

Flad'da,  or  Plada,  a  low,  rooky  island  of  Scotland, 
in  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  S.  of  the  island  of  Arran. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1490. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Franklin  00.,  0.  Pop.  1293.  It 
contains  New  Albany. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  2226.  It  con- 
tains New  Berlin. 

Plain,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  1837. 
It  contains  Jefferson  (Plain  Post-Office)  and  Reedsburg. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1719.  It  con- 
tains a  part  of  Bowling  Green. 

Plain,  a  post-office  of  Sauk  00.,  Wis. 

Plain  City,  a  post-village  of  Madison  00.,  C,  in  Darby 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  W.N.W.  of  ColumbuS  (Pleasant  Valley  Sta- 
tion). It  has  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  908. 

Plain  City,  a  post-village  of  Weber  00.,  Utah,  is  1 
mile  N.  of  Weber  River,  and  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ogden 
City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  500. 

Plaime,  plfin,  a  river  of  France,  in  Vosges,  joins  the 
Meurthe.     Length,  15  miles. 

Plaine,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  of  commune,  1660. 


Plaine-Haate,  plSn  h5t,  a  village  of  Fiance,  in 
C6te8-du-Nord,  near  Saint- Brieuo.     Pop.  1768. 

Plainfaing,  pl4N»'fllN»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosgea, 
on  the  Meurthe,  near  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  590. 

Plain'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  7i  miles 
S.W.  of  Woodland  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Plainfield  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fish- 
kill  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Norwich  A  Worcester 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich,  and  23  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Willimantic.  It  contains  an  academy  and  several 
churches.  Plainfield  Junction  is  1  mile  from  this  village. 
The  township  has  some  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  and 
contains  other  villages,  named  Moosup  and  Wauregan. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  4020  ;  in  1890,  4582. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  township,  Will 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Du  Page  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Joliet, 
and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  723  ;  of  the  township,  1750. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Guilford  township,  Ilen- 
dricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Indianapolis.  It  contains  a  reform  school,  or  house  of 
refuge,  founded  by  the  state,  a  graded  school,  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  795. 

Plainfield,  a  post- village  in  Polk  township,  Bremer 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Cedar  Falls  A  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charles  City,  and  23 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Plainfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plainfield  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Northamp- 
ton. It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill.  The  township 
presents  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  481. 

Plainfield,  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  122. 

Plainfield,  a  township  of  Kent  00.,  Mich.  Pop.  1499. 
It  contains  Belmont.     See  Aisterlitz. 

Plainfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
ITnadilla  township,  S.W.  of  Howell.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  sash,  Ac. 

Plainfield,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Plainfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plainfield  township,  Sul- 
livan CO.,  N.II.,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  and  about 
60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  tht  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1589. 

Plainfield,  a  uiriving  city  of  Union  00.,  N.J.,  noted 
as  a  place  of  suburban  residence  for  persons  who  do  busi- 
ness in  New  York  City,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  York,  11  miles 
N.  of  New  Brunswick,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elizabeth. 
It  contains  14  churches,  a  large  and  handsome  public  school 
building,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  fine  hotel,  2 
national  banks,  and  manufactures  of  clothing,  bats,  and 
machinery.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  8125;  in  1890,  11,267;  in- 
cluding the  suburb  of  North  Plainfield,  which  is  separated 
from  the  city  by  Green  Brook,  about  20,000. 

Plainfield,  a  township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1182. 
It  contains  Unadilla  Forks,  Plainfield  Centre,  and  part  of 
Leonardsville  (the  greater  part  being  in  Madison  co.). 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Linton  towni<hip,  Coshoc 
ton  00.,  0.,  on  Wills  Creek,  4  miles  S.  of  West  Lafayette 
Station,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Conedogwinit  Creek,  and  near  the  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  W.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plainfield,  township,  Northampton  00.,  Pa.     P.  1988. 

Plainfield,  a  post- village  in  Plainfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  the  Mont- 
?elier  A  Wells  River  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Montpelier. 
t  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  butter-tubs,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  726. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  township,  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  50  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  is  on  the 
Southern  division  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  910. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
15  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  100. 

Plainfield,  originally  Lat'ta's  Mills,  apost-rillag* 
in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles  N.  of  Belleville.     P.  200. 

Plainfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plainfield  town- 
ship, Ot!<ego  CO.,  N.Y.,  20  miles  S.  of  Utica.    It  has  a  church. 

Plainfield  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Norwich  A 
Worcester  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  York  A  New 
England  Bailroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich,  Conn. 


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2175 


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Plainfield  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Vt. 

Plain  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Plain  Grove  township, 
Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  Castle. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 775. 

Plainpalais,  p]&N*^p&'14',  a  southern  suburb  of  Ge- 
neva, Switzerland.     Pop.  8828. 

Plains,  a  post-village  in  Plains  township,  Lnzeme  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre,  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  6576. 

Plains,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.     See  The  Plains. 

Plains'berg,  or  Plains'burg,  a  post-village  of  Mer- 
ced CO.,  Cal.,  2  miles  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  (Vi- 
salia  division),  and  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  general  stores. 

Plains'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.  J., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Plains  of  A'braham,a  table-land  immediately  S.W. 
of  the  city  of  Quebec.  Here  Generals  Wolfe  and  Montcalm, 
the  respective  commanders  of  the  British  and  French  forces, 
were  killed  in  the  action  of  the  18th  of  September,  1769. 

Plains  of  Du'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga., 
11  miles  W.  by  8.  of  Americus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plain  Store,  a  hamlet  of  East  Baton  Rouge  parish. 
La.,  19  miles  from  Baton  Rouge.  It  has  a  church  and  3 
stores. 

Plainsville,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.     See  Gtpscm. 

Plains'rille,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Plain  View',  a  post- village  of  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  fine  school-house,  and  manufactures  of 
flour  and  farm-machinery. 

Plainview,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  111.     Pop.  450. 

Plainview,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 

Plainview,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  16  miles 
N.  of  Eyota.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  a  bank,  and  a  school-house  which 
cost  $15,000.  Pop.  696;  of  the  township,  701  additional. 
The  township  has  a  soil  adapted  for  wheat. 

Plainview,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Neb. 

Plainview,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Pa. 

Plain  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church. 

Plain'ville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  a  small  affluent  of  Farm- 
ington  River,  and  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  Haven  <fc  Northampton 
Bailroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  5  or  6 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  a  brass-foundry, 
and  manufactures  of  clocks,  woollen  goods,  carriages,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  1200;  of  the  township,  in  1890,  1993. 

Plainville,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Rome. 

Plainville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes.     It  has  a  church. 

Plainville,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Wrentham  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  manufactures  of  jewelry. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Van  Akeh  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Lysander  township,  On- 
ondaga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Seneca  River,  about  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  161. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  9i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
the  Plainville  Academy,  a  planing-mill,  <fcc. 

Plainville,  a  village  in  Burrillville  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  i  mile  from  Oakland  Station.  It  has  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  143. 

Plainville,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in  Rich- 
mond township.     Pop.  135. 

Plainville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  6  miles  above  Kilbourn,  and  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Portage  City. 

Plain'well,  a  post- village  in  Gunplain  township,  Al- 


legan CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Gun  River,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <k  Indiana  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  13  milet 
E.S.E.  of  Allegan.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  2  foundries,  2  planing-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  fanning-mills,  &o     Pop.  (1890)  1414. 

Plaisance,  pli^zfiNss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aveyron, 
arrondissement  of  Saint-Affrique.     Pop.  1665. 

Plaisance,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  26  miles  W.  of 
Auch.     Pop.  1942. 

Plaister  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Port  HAsmies. 

Plaistow,  plSs'to  or  plis'tow,  an  eastern  suburb  of 
London,  England,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  and  form- 
ing a  part  of  West  Ham.     Pop.  (1891)  57,848. 

Plaistow,  pl&s'to,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Plaistow  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Haverhill, 
Mass.     It  has  brick-yards.     Pop.  of  the  township,  879. 

Plan,  pl4n,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Pilsen.  Pop.  3191,  mostly  employed  in  woollen-cloth-weav- 
ing and  in  alum-  and  vitriol-works. 

Planasia,  the  ancient  name  of  Pianosa. 

Plancher  Bas,  pldN>^8h&'  b&,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Haute-Sa6ne,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  1089. 

Plancher  les  Mines,  pl6i)»^8hi'  li  meen,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Haute-SaSne,  near  Lure.     Pop.  1870. 

Plancoet,  pl5N»^ko^4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cfites-du- 
Nord,  on  the  Arguenon,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Dinan.  Pop.  1910. 

Plancy,  plftNo^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  8  miles 
W.  of  Arcis.     Pop.  1258. 

Plane  Number  Four,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  46 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Planes,  pli'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province 
and  about  50  miles  from  Alicante.     Pop.  1127. 

Planier,  pl4^ne-4',  a  small  island  of  France,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Lyons,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marseilles. 

Planina,  pl4-nee'n&,  or  Alben,  &l'b$n,  a  town  of 
Austria,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Laybach.     Pop.  1250, 

Planitz,  pl&'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  E.  of 
Klattau.     Pop.  1856. 

Plank  Road,  Cook  co..  111.    See  Jefferson. 

Plank  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Plank  Road,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Centreviixb. 

Plank  Road,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Plank  Road  House,  a  hamlet  of  Great  Valley  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Great  Vallej 
Station.     Here  is  Great  Valley  Post-Offiee. 

Plankstadt,  pl&nk'st&tt,  a  village  of  Baden,  neu 
Schwetzingen.     Pop.  2084. 

Pla'no,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Piano,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Tula 
River,  near  the  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  a  church. 

Piano,  a  post-village  in  Little  Rock  township,  Kendall 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy  Railroad, 
near  the  Fox  River,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Yorkville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  a  tannery,  and  a 
manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowers.     Pop.  (1890)  1825. 

Piano,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Hous- 
ton <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Dallas.  It 
has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  Ac. 

Plantagenet,  plan-t5j'e-net  (originally  Hattville), 
a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  South  Nation 
River,  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  4  stores,  2 
hotels,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  carding-mill.  The  Carratraca 
mineral  springs  are  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  180. 

Planta'tion  Number  FourHeen',  a  post-office  and 
plantation  of  Washington  oo..  Me.     Pop.  135. 

Plan'tersburg,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Charles  oo.,  Mo.,  4 
miles  from  O'Fallon  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Planter's  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  oo., 
Ky.,  8  miles  S.  of  Hardinsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plan'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  £.  of 
Selma. 

Plantersville,  a  hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish.  La.,  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Plantersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Georgetown  oo.,  S.C, 
40  miles  E.  of  Kingstree.     It  has  a  church  and  18  houses. 

Plantersville,  a  post-village  of  Grimes  oo.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  E.  of  Navasota,  and  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hous- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches. 


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Plantersville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Plants,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  at  Russell  Station,  62 
miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Plants,  Meigs  co.,  0.     See  Paden's  Landikg. 

Plants'ville,  a  post-village  in  Southington  township, 
Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Quinepiac  River,  and  on  the  New 
Haven  <fc  Northampton  Railroad,  21  miles  N,  of  New  Haven, 
and  7  miles  E.  of  Waterbury.  It  contains  a  graded  school 
and  3  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  tinsmiths'  ma- 
chinery and  tools,  carriage  hardware,  and  general  hardware. 

Plantsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Plaquemine,  plak^meen',  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Iberville  parish.  La.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  20  miles  below  Baton  Rouge,  and  110  miles  above 
New  Orleans.  It  has  2  or  3  newspaper  offices.  Cotton  and 
sugar  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.     Pop.  (1890)  3222. 

PJaquemine  Brul^,  brooMi',  a  small  river  of  Louisi- 
ana, runs  southwestward  in  St.  Landry  parish,  and  enters 
the  Mermenteau  River. 

Plaquemine  Bruise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Acadia  parish, 
La.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Opelousas,  and  about  the  same 
distance  N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Plaquemines,  pld,k^meen',  a  parish  in  the  extreme 
southeastern  part  of  Louisiana,  borders  on  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Area,  930  square  miles.  It  is  interseote*^  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  comprises  part  of  the  delta  of  that 
river,  which  enters  the  sea  by  several  channels  called  Passes. 
The  surface  is  flat  and  scarcely  higher  than  the  river.  The 
soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Rice  and  sugar-cane  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  New  Or- 
leans, Fort  Jackson  &  Grand  Isle  Railroad  and  the  New 
Orleans  &  Southern  Railroad,  the  latter  of  which  connects 
with  Point  3,  la  Hache,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,552 ; 
in  1880,  11,576 ;  in  1890,  12,541. 

Plasencia,  pl&-sin'the-&,  or  Placencia,  pl&-tb£n'- 
the-4  (anc.  Deob'riga,  or  Amhra'ciaf),  a  city  of  Spain, 
province  of  Caceres,  on  the  Gerte,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Al- 
maraz.  Pop.  6844.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a 
fine  Gothic  cathedral,  with  rich  works  of  art,  many  other 
churches,  convents,  an  episcopal  palace,  manufactures  of 
hats,  leather,  woollen,  linen,  and  hempen  stuffs,  and  an 
aqueduct  on  80  arches,  by  which  it  is  supplied  with  water. 

Plasencia,  or  Placencia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Gui- 
puzcoa,  on  the  Deva,  23  miles  W.  of  St.  Sebastian.    P.  2178. 

Plask,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Plonsk. 

Plaski,  plJsh'kee,  or  Plasch'ki,  a  village  of  Aus- 
trian Croatia,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  KarlsUdt.  Pop.  4510.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 

Plassey,  plis'see,  a  former  village  of  Bengal,  district 
of  Nuddea,  83  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  and  memorable  for  the 
great  victory  obtained  there,  June  23,  1757,  by  Clive  over 
the  army  of  the  Bengal  viceroy.  The  village  and  battle- 
field have  been  swept  away  by  the  river  Hoogly. 

Plas'terville,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Norwich. 

Plat,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Platten. 

Plata,  pli'ti,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the 
C'last  of  Ecuador,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  San  Lorenzo. 

Plata,  La,  Colombia,  South  America.     See  La  Plata. 

Plata,  La,  Republic  op.    See  Argentine  Republic. 

Platsea,  pli-tee'^  (Gr.  nxdriua,  I'lataia),  a  ruined  city 
of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  on  the  W.  slope  of  Mount  Cithaeron, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Thebes.  Near  it,  b.c.  479,  the  Greeks, 
under  Pausanias,  defeated  the  Persians  under  Mardonius. 

Platamona,  pli-ti-mo'ni  (anc.  Heracle'a  ?),  a  mari- 
time town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Salonica,  5  miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of 
the  Salympria.     Pop.  1500. 

Platana,  pli'ti-ni,  a  maritime  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
7  miles  W.  of  Trebizond.  It  has  a  fine  old  Byzantine 
church,  and  about  160  houses,  mostly  enclosed  by  gardens. 

Platani,  pli-t4'nee  (anc.  Camictts),  a  river  of  Sicily, 
flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  18  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Girgenti.     Length,  60  miles. 

Platanos,  pl4-ti'noce,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Samos.     Pop.  936. 
Plata,  Rio  de  la.    See  Rio  de  la  Plata.' 
Plate,  or  Plathe,pl3.'teh,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Riga.     Pop.  2137. 
It  has  2  castles,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 
Platea,  Erie  co.,  Pa.     See  Lockport. 
Plateau,  pla-to',  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Plate  Cove,  a  fishing-settlement  in  the  district  of 
Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  King's  Cove. 


Plath'er's  Creek,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  637. 

Pla'to,  a  post-office  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  on  the  Iroquois 
River,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Watseka. 

Plato,  a  township  of  Kane  co..  111.     Pop.  1004. 
Plato,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 
Plato,  a  post-hamlet  of   McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  <!;  Dakota 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Glencoe. 

Plato,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Robi 
deaux  Creek,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Plato,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  from 
Ellicottville.     It  has  about  12  houses. 

Plato,  pli'to,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
state  of  MagAalena,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tenerife. 
Piatt  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co,,  N.T. 
Platte,  plat,  or  Little  Platte,  a  river  which  rises  in 
the  S.  part  of  Iowa  and  runs  southward  into  Missouri.  It 
intersects  Nodaway,  Andrew,  Buchanan,  and  Platte  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Missouri  River  about  15  miles  above  Kansas 
City.     Length,  about  300  miles. 

Platte,  a  river  of  Michigan,  rises  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  southern  peninsula,  and  flows  into  Lake  Michigan 
in  lat.  5°  N. 

Platte,  a  small  river  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  runs  S.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  7  miles  above  Dubuque. 

Platte,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
ders on  Kansas.  Area,  about  410  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Platte  River,  and  also  drained  by  Smith's 
Fork  of  the  Platte.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory, 
ash,  elm,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  and  the  South- 
western Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Platte  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,352  j  in  1880, 
17,366;  in  1890,  16,248. 

Platte,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  682  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Platte  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Loup  Fork  of 
that  river  and  by  Shell  Creek.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  and  the  Fre- 
mont, Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  the  first  two  of 
which  connect  with  Columbus,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1899;  in  1880,  9511;  in  1890,  15,437. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  665. 
Platte,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  735. 
Platte,  a  post-hamlet  in  Platte  township,  Benzie  co., 
Mich,,  on  Platte  Bay  of  Lake  Michigan,  16  miles  W.  of 
Traverse  City.     Pop.  of  township,  141. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3416. 
Platte,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1159. 
Platte,  a  township  of  Clay  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3085. 
Platte,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1631.    It 
contains  Perrin. 

Platte  CaAon-,  k&n'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Col.,  on  the  South  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Denver, 
South  Park  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Denver. 
Platte  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Platte  co..  Mo., 
in  Carroll  township,  on  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leaven- 
worth. It  contains  2  banks,  4  churches,  3  newspaper  offices, 
an  elevator,  flour-mills,  several  stores,  and  other  business 
concerns.     Pop,  about  800. 

Plattekill,  plat'kil,  a  post-village  in  Plattekill  town- 
ship, Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg. 
It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  800.  The  township  contains 
also  villages  named  Clintondale  and  Modena.  Pop.  2038. 
Platte  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Front  Range,  in  lat.  39°  15'  N.,  Ion.  105°  6'  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  9343  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Platten,  plit't§n.  Plat,  or  Blatna,  blit'nS,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.  of  Elbogen,  in  the  Erz-Gebirgc. 
It  has  iron-mines  in  operation.     Pop.  2213. 
Platten- See,  Hungary.    See  Balatony  Lake. 
Platte  River,  Minnesota,  runs  S.W.  through  Morrison 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  at  Langola,  in  Benton  co. 

Platte  (or  Nebraska)  River,  a  long  affluent  of  the 
Missouri,  is  formed  by  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which 
rise  among  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Colorado  and  unite  in 
Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  at  North  Platte  Village.  Its  general 
direction  is  eastward,  and  it  traverses  the  vast  undulating 
prairies  or  plains  of  Nebraska,  which  are  almost  destitute 


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of  forests.  Below  Columbus  it  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  008.  of  Butler,  Saunders,  and  Cass  on  the  right  hand, 
and  Colfax,  Dodge,  Douglas,  and  Sarpy  on  the  other  side. 
It  enters  the  Missouri  about  1  mile  above  Plattsmouth,  lat. 
41°  3'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles,  or,  in- 
eluding  the  North  Fork,  1250  miles.  (See  North  Fork 
OF  THE  Platte.)  According  to  Hayden,  the  area  drained 
by  this  river  and  its  forks  is  nearly  300,000  square  miles. 
The  Platte  is  a  wide,  shallow  stream,  enclosing  many 
islands,  and  has  a  small  volume  of  water  compared  with 
its  length.  The  water  is  so  shallow  and  the  channel  so 
shifting  that  it  is  not  navigable  even  for  small  vessels.  Its 
valley  is  broad  and  fertile.  The  trains  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  run  along  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Platte  from 
Fremont  to  the  junction  of  the  forks,  230  miles. 

Platte  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on 
Platte  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Edgerton.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Platte  Station,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Park 
CO.,  Col.,  is  at  the  base  of  the  main  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  It  is  a  transfer-station  for  freight  moving 
from  Denver  to  Leadville.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Platte  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co.,  Col. 

Platteville,  plat'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weld  co..  Col., 
on  the  South  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Denver  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 34i  miles  N.  of  Denver.     It  has  2  churches. 

Platteville,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  739. 

Platteville,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Tay- 
lor CO.,  Iowa,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford,     It  has  a  church. 

Platteville,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Saunders  co.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Platte  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Fremont. 

Platteville,  a  post-village  in  Platteville  township, 
Grant  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Little  Platte  River,  about  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  20  nliles  W.S.W.  of  Mineral 
Point.  It  is  connected  with  the  latter  place  by  a  branch  of 
the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  and  is  also  on  the  Galena  & 
Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad.  It  contains  8  or  9  churches, 
a  state  normal  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  sev- 
eral furnaces  for  lead,  which  is  mined  here.  It  is  the  largest 
village  in  the  county.     Pop.  in  1890,  2740. 

Platt'ford,  a  post-office  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  about  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Omaha. 

Plat'tin,  post-township,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1217. 

Plattling,  plitt'ling,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the 
Isar,  16  miles  S.E,  of  Straubing,     Pop.  2166. 

Platts'burg,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co..  Miss. 

Plattsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co..  Mo., 
in  Concord  township,  on  Smith's  Fork  of  Platte  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  29 
miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  the  Clinton  County  Institute,  2  banks, 
8  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1634. 

Plattsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
from  Wrightstown  Station. 

Plattsburg,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Plattsburg  township,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Saranac  River,  which  here  enters  Cumberland  Bay, 
a  part  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada 
Railroad.  It  is  about  155  miles  N.  of  Albany,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  63  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It 
has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor  and  extensive  water- 
power,  and  contains  a  handsome  custom-house,  a  court- 
house, a  town  hall,  2  hotels,  7  churches,  the  Plattsburg 
Academy,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  several  saw-mills, 
flouring-mills,  machine-shops,  and  iron-works.  Lumber, 
iron,  and  grain  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Steamboats  ply 
daily  between  this  port  and  other  places  on  the  lake.  On 
the  11th  of  September,  1814,  Commodore  McDonough 
gained  a  complete  victory  over  the  British  fleet  in  Cumber- 
land Bay,  near  Plattsburg.  About  the  same  time  the  Amer- 
ican General  Macomb  repulsed  a  superior  land  force  which, 
under  General  Prevost,  had  attacked  the  place.  Pop.  in 
1890.  7010;  of  the  township.  9500. 

Plattsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Springfield  &  Cincinnati  Short-Line  Railroad, 
11  miles  E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  87. 

Platts'mouth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cass  oo..  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  IJ  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Platte,  and  22  miles  by  land  S.  of  Omaha.  By  railroad  it 
is  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  is  on  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the  Missouri 
River.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  a  fine  high-school  building,  and  manufactures  of 
engines,  reed-organs,  flour,  avd  wagons.    Pop.  (1890)8392. 


Piatt  Springs,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.   P.  679. 
Platts'town,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  oo.,    N.T.,   la 

Brunswick  township,  8  miles  from  Troy. 

Platts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo.,  Conn.,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  2  stores,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Plattsville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  6  milM 
S.E.  of  Sidney,  and  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Piqo*.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  94. 

Plattsville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Nitb,  5  miles  from  Bright.  It  has  2  woollen- 
factories,  a  flax-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  900. 

Platt'ville,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Ken- 
dall CO.,  111.,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Joliet. 

Plattville,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  oo.,  Pa.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Ebensburg.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Platz,  pl&ts,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Budweis.     Pop.  1617. 

Plan,  pl5w,  or  Plaue,  plCw'fh,  a  lake  of  Germany, 
in  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin,  9  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  by  3 
miles  broad.  It  receives  the  waters  of  Lake  Elsen  on  the 
E.,  and  discharges  itself  on  the  W.  into  the  Elbe. 

Plan,  a  lake  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  an  expansion 
of  the  Havel,  and  a  feeder  of  the  Canal  of  Plane. 

Plau,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Scbwerin,  on  Lake  Plan, 
37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  4026. 

Plauen,  plSw'^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwiokao, 
on  the  White  Elster,  and  on  the  Saxon-Bavarian  Railway, 
61  miles  S.W.  of  Leipsic.  Pop.  42,858.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals,  a  royal  cas- 
tle, a  gymnasium,  and  important  manufactures  of  linen  and 
cotton  goods,  paper,  machinery,  woollen  fabrics,  Ac. 

Plauzat,  plo^zi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Ddme, 
11  miles  S.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1234. 

Plavis,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Piave, 

Play'fair,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  oa 
the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  from  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Plazac,  pl&^z&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  0 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Montignac.  It  possesses  some  metallur- 
gical works.     Pop.  1638.    , 

Plaza  del  Alcalde,  pli'si  dSl  il-kil'di,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Rio  Arriba  co.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande, 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Santa  F6. 

Pleasant,  plSz'ant,  township,  Fulton  oo.,  111.   P.  1685. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Allen  co.  Ind.     Pop.  1280. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1576. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2170. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  La  Porte  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  814. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  615. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Steuben  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2071. 
It  contains  Angola. 

Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasant  township,  Switser- 
land  CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  charoh 
and  a  seminary  or  college.     Pop.  of  the  townshin,  2145. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wabash  oo.,  Ind.    Fop.  2553. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1098. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  549. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1100. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  809. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1301. 

Pleasant,  township,  Pottawattomie  co.,  Iowa.    P.  484. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  oo.,  Iowa.  P.  695. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  541. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1124. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Winnebago  oo.,  Iowa.    P.  521. 

Pleasant,  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1020. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  440. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  BuUer  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  300. 
Post-office,  Modena. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Coffey  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  003. 
It  contains  Strawn. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Harvey  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
408.     Post-office,  Sheldon. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
252.     Post-offices,  Sylvan  Grove  and  Vesper, 

Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2005. 
It  contains  Georgetown. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Clark  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1658.  It 
contains  Catawba. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2327. 
It  contains  Pleasantville. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  188* 
It  contains  Georgesvillo  and  Uarrisburg. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  0.     Pop.  iSoe 
It  contains  MoComb. 


?LE 


2178 


PIE 


Pop.  4002. 


Pop.  860. 

Pop.  851. 

Pop.  994. 


It 


Pop.  1330. 


Pleasant)  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0. 
H  contains  Kenton. 
Pleasant,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0. 
sontains  Loganaville. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0. 
It  contains  Mt.  Sterling. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1078. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  655. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.  Pop.  1953. 
rt  contains  Columbus  Grove. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1352. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.  Pop.  3683. 
It  contains  most  of  Van  Wert,  the  county  seat. 

Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hickory  township,  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Neshannock  Station.  Good  block 
coal  is  mined  here. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  385. 

Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  oo.,  Tenn. 

Pleasant  Branch,  Wis.    See  Pheasant  Branch. 

Pleasant  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roseboom  town- 
ship, Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Pleasant  Corner,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Jordan. 

Pleasant  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

Pleasant  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co..  Pa., 
about  5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Pleasant  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Grafton. 

Pleasant  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Edgefleld  oo.,  S.C. 

Pleasant  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lincoln.     Kaolin  is  found  near  here. 

Pleasant  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va, 

Pleasant  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co.,  Mo. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  iron-furnace,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Gap  town- 
ship, Bates  CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  W.  of  Appleton  City.  It  has 
several  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1634. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Spring  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  distillery,  and  a  cigar- factory. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
3  miles  from  Fall  Creek  Depot. 

Pleasant  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasant  Green,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Pleasant  Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo., 
and  a  station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Boonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala., 
24  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sutter  co.,  Gal., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  Qa. 

Pleasant  Grove,  township.  Coles  co.,  111.  Pop.  1573. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  111., 
about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Vandalia. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  oo.,  Ind., 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Lafayette. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Grove 
township,  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Burling- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  150;  of  township,  1047. 

Pleasant  Grove,  township,  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.    P.  581. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  906.     It  contains  Agricola. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1161,  exclusive  of  Pleasantville. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  756.     Post-offices,  Fame  and  Quincy. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Grove 
township,  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Roch- 
ester, and  about  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Root  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Canton. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co..  Miss., 
10  miles  W.  of  Sardis.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
distillery. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  oo., 
i^.C,  about  55  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tobacco-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1246. 


Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  15.35. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1218. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  oo.,  0., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.   It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  li  miles  from  Arcadia  Station, 
and  about  24  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo..  Pa.,  6 
miles  from  Claysville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Shelbyville. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  station  in  Maury  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Columbia  and  Pulaski,  10  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Columbia. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Prove,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  Utah 
Lake.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  farming  and  the  culture  of  fruit.     P.  1775. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co., 
Va.,  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Yakima  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Yakima  River,  100  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Tacoma. 

Pleasant  Hall,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa.,  7J 
miles  W.  of  Shippensburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma  A  Gulf  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Selma,  It 
has  several  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200, 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark., 
on  Mulberry  River,  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.," 
about  9  miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Thomaston.  It  has  several  ohurohes,  3  stores, 
and  a  tannery. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  village  in  Lexington  township, 
McLean  co.,  111.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington  Station.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  200.     Here  is  Selma  Post-Office. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Hill  town- 
ship. Pike  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  9J 
miles  E.  of  Louisiana,  Mo.,  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  drug- 
store.    Pop,  230  ;  of  the  township,  1411. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co,, 
Ind,,  about  22  miles  S,S.W,  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  opposite  Keosanqua,  It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co,,  Kansas, 
18  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
28  miles  S.W,  of  Lexington.     Pop,  362, 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  parish.  La., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Shr^veport.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
occurred  a  battle  in  April,  1863,  between  the  Confederate 
forces  and  the  Union  forces  under  General  Banks,  resulting 
in  the  defeat  of  the  former. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Traverse  co.,  Minn. 

Pleasant  Hill,  township,  Winona  co.,  Minn,    P,  740. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co,.  Miss,, 
about  24  miles  S.S.E,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  masonic  institute,  and  4  stores. 

Pleasant  Hill,  the  largest  town  of  Cass  oo.,  Mo.,  is  in 
Pleasant  Hill  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  St,  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S,E,  of  Kansas  City,  and  59  miles  W,  of 
Sedalia,  It  contains  a  college,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  10  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  chair-factory,  and 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  2554 ;  of  the  township,  3502, 

Pleasant  Hill,  township,  Sullivan  co..  Mo.    Pop.  634, 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Saline  oo..  Neb.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Dorchester  Station,  and  about  26  miles  S,W,  of 
Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co„ 
N,C,,  on  the  Petersburg  Railroad,  13  miles  N,  by  E,  of 
Weldon. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Newton  township, 
Miami  co.,  0,,  4  miles  S.  of  Covington  Station,  and  about 
75  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tories of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co,,  Oregon,  in 
the  Willamette  Valley,  12  miles  S.E,  of  Eugene  City.  Tt 
has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasant  Hill  town- 


PLB 


^179 


PLE 


ihip,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Colum- 
bia.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1624. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-oflBce  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tenn., 
48  miles  E.  of  McMinnville. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Wis., 
7  miles  from  Prairie  du  Chien.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Pleasant  Hill,  or  Wal'singham  Centre,  a  post- 
Tillage  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  18i  miles  S.E.  of  Tilson- 
burg.     It  contains  a  woollen-mill  and  several  stores.    P.  250. 

Pleasant  Hills,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
riaugus  Branch,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Owenton,  and  about  24  miles  N.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufactories  of  ploughs 
and  wagons. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo.,  Mo. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  S.  of  West  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  oo., 
Oregon,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marshfield  Station. 

Pleasant  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill. 

Pleasant  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
lat.  0°  25'  S.,  Ion.  167°  5'  E.,  15  miles  in  circumference. 

Pleasant  Lake,  New  York.    See  Lake  Pleasant. 

Pleasant  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind., 
on  Pigeon  River,  which  here  expands  into  a  small  lake, 
and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  <fc  Saginaw  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Angola.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  (1890)  520. 

Pleasant  Lake,  a  hamlet  in  Henrietta  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  near  a  small  lake,  7  miles  E.  of  Rives 
Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Pleasant  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  St.  Mary's  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  80. 

Pleasant  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
on  Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Pleasant  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bond  co.,  111., 
about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Vandalia. 

Pleasant  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Pleasant  Mound,  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Pleasant  Mounds,  a  post-office  in  Pleasant  Mounds 
township,  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about  28  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Mankato.  Here  are  several  mounds  about  200  feet  high, 
in  a  wide  expanse  of  prairie.     Pop.  of  the  township,  536. 

Pleasant  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co..  Miss., 
about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Holly  Springs. 

Pleasant  Mount,  a  post-village  of  Miller  co..  Mo., 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  several 
churches,  and  furnaces  for  smelting  lead.     Pop.  122. 

Pleasant  Mount,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa., 
in  Mount  Pleasant  township,  2  miles  from  Herrick  Centre 
Railroad  Station,  which  is  13  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It 
has  an  academy  and  several  churches. 

Pleasant  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Pleasanton,  plSz'9n-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Alameda 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  E.S.E. 
of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  is  mined  near 
this  place,  at  Mount  Diablo. 

Pleasanton,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  S.  of  Leon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  and  a  tannery. 

Pleasanton,  a  post-village  in  Potosi  township,  Linn 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  31  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Paola.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flouring-mills,  a  Liberal  Hall,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  about 
800.     Coal  and  lead  are  found  near  this  place. 

Pleasanton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasanton  township, 
Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Manistee.  The  town- 
ship contains  3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  419. 

Pleasanton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  oo.,  0.,  6  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasanton,  a  village  in  Wesley  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  109. 

Pleasanton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Atascosa  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Atascosa  River,  35  miles  S.  of  San  Antonio. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 

Pleasant  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Mo., 
about  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 


Pleasant  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind. 

Pleasant  Plain,  a  post- village  in  Penn  township^ 
Jefferson  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacifie 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  3  ohurohea 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Pleasant  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kaaaaa. 

Pleasant  Plain  (formerly  New  Colombia),  a  post, 
village  of  Warren  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  ft  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churohef 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Ala., 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Gaines,  Ga. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Bates ville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Hernando  oo.,  Fla. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co., 
111.,  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  ft  Mississippi 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  oo., 
N.Y.,  60  miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill.' 

Pleasant  Plains, a  village  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Pleasant  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  oo.,  0., 
5  miles  S.  of  Paulding,  it  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  planing-mill. 

Pleasant  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lawreno«  co.,  Tenn., 
18  miles  W.  of  Pulaski. 

Pleasant  Point,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex., 
20  miles  S.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine 
CO.,  Iowa- 
Pleasant  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Martin  oo., 
Minn.,  10  miles  E.  of  Fairmont.     Pop.  239. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Kenosha  co.. 
Wis.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  oy  Lake  Michigan,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago  ft  Milwaukee  Railroad  and  by  the 
Kenosha  ft  Rockford  Branch  of  the  Chicago  ft  Northwestern 
Railroad.  Pleasant  Prairie  Post-Office  and  Station  are  at  or 
near  the  junction  of  these  railroads,  6  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 
Pop.  1467. 

Pleasant  Retreat,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  Qa. 

Pleasant  Retreat,  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co..  Mo. 

Pleasant  Retreat,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  W.  Va., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala., 
about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
academies,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111. 
Pop.  809. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Rock  Island  eo.,  HI., 
on  the  Rock  Island  ft  Mercer  County  Railroad. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Delphi  ft  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  B 
of  Rensselaer. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  township,  Lee  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  891. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Leavenworth. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of 
Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  60  miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  plantation,  Somerset  co..  Mo.  P.  185. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Itawamba  co., 
Miss.,  28  miles  S.  of  luka.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
factory,  a  tannery,  fto. 

Pleasant  Uidge,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Neb. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.  ^ 

Pleasant  Ridge,  post-office.  Princess  Anne  co.,  Va. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Wis. 

Pleasant  Ridge  Park.  See  Pleasdrk  Ridce  Park. 

Pleasant  River,  Washington  co..  Me.,  runs  nearly 
S.E.,  and  enters  Pleasant  Bay,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  sea. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  creek  of  Texas,  flows  into  the  Trin 
ity  River  from  the  W.  in  Dallas  co. 

Pleasant  Run,  township,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    P.  699 

Pleasant  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 4i  miles  S.  of  Westmoreland. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  NJ- 
2^  miles  from  Stanton  Station. 


PLE 


2180 


PLE 


Pleasant  Run^  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Hamilton. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pleasants,  plSz'ants,  a  county  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  150  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  ii  from  the  state 
o{  Ohio.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Petroleum  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio 
River  Railroad.  Capital,  St.  Mary's.  Pop.  in  1870,  3012; 
in  1880,  6256  J  in  1890,  7539. 

Pleasant  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Pleasant  Shade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co., 
Va.,  8  miles  W.  of  Belfield  Station.     It  has  2  stores. 

Pleasant  Site,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala., 
about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscumbia.    It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Pleasant  Springs,  township,  Dane  co.,  Wis.   P.  1057. 

Pleasant  U'nity,  a  post-village  in  Unity  township, 
Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  pottery,  <tc. 

Pleasant  Vale,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1118.     It  contains  New  Canton. 

Pleasant  Vale,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Coverdale  River,  10  miles  from  Petit- 
codiao.     Pop.  150. 

Pleasant  Valley,  post-office,  Independence  co..  Ark. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post- village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  doors,  blinds,  and  sash. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Hartford.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-offioe  of  Minnehaha  oo., 
S.D. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho, 
on  the  Rocky  Mountain,  about  9000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co., 
111.,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Galena.  It  contains  2  churches. 
Pop.  943, 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.  P.  211. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1704. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Grundy  oo.,  Iowa.  P.  698. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  579. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  and  small  township 
of  Scott  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  above 
Davenport.     Pop.  737. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Webster  oo.,  Iowa.  P.  882. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  291. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
18  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  268.     Post-office,  Mulberry. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  562.     Post-office,  Ward. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md., 
6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Westminster. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township.  Mower  co.,  Minn.   P.  422. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-namlet  of  Rock  oo.,  Minn., 
12  miles  from  Valley  Springs,  S.D. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
i  miles  N.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
knd  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Valley 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  and  on 
the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Poughkeepsie.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  cotton-factory, 
ind  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1827. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Whitestown  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  87. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  station  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Bath  &  Hammondsport  Railroad,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Ham- 
mondsport.     Here  wine  is  extensively  manufactured. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on 
Wheeling  Creek,  5  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport.     It  lias  a  mill. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Madison  co.,  0.     P.  467. 

Pleasant  Valley,  Ohio.  See  Plain  City,  and  Lick- 
IKG  Valley. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  10 
jr  11  miles  S.E.  of  AUentown.     Pop.  about  40. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  village  in  Pittston  township, 
*  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 


and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  8  milef 
S.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches.  The 
name  pf  its  post-office  is  Marr. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township.  Potter  co..  Pa.     P.  140. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo.,  S.C, 
about  74  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn, 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va., 
about  28  miles  W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  503. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of 
St.  Croix  CO.,  Wis.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hudson.     Pop.  621. 

Pleasant  Valley,  Ontario.    See  Hillier. 

Pleasant  Valley  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Pleasant  Valley  Mills,  post-offioe,  Nicholas  co.,  Ky. 

Pleasant  View,  township,  Macon  co..  111.    Pop.  899. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rushville  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  HI.,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Beardstown. 

Pleasant  View,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis  <k  Lafayette  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
about  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-township  of  Cherokee  co., 
Kansas,  on  an  affluent  of  Spring  River,  about  16  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Baxter  Springs.     Pop.  969. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmett  co.,  Mich., 
10  miles  from  Petoskey.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Mo. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn., 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville.    It  has  a  church  and  academy. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-offioe  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  35  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg. 

Pleasantville,  pl5z'^nt-vll,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Grove  town- 
ship, Marion  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  510, 

Pleasantville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Egg  Harbor  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Atlantic  City 
Railroad,  and  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  (Atlantic  City 
branch),  6  miles  W.  of  Atlantic  City. 

Pleasantville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Passaic 
township,  4i  miles  S.  of  Morristown. 

Pleasantville,  apost-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  town- 
ship, AVestchester  co.,  N.Y.,  i  mile  E.  of  Pleasantville  Sta- 
tion on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  and  32  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  2  churches,  9  stores,  and 
a  manufactory  of  shoes.  Pop.  about  450.  This  village, 
which  is  nearly  1^  miles  long,  has  2  post-offices, — Pleasant- 
ville and  Pleasantville  Station. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lancaster,  and  about 
28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  the  Fairfield 
Academy  and  2  churches. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in 
St.  Clair  township,  ubout  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Altoona.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  steam  vannery,  and  a  foundry.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Alum  Bank. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Alleghany  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Titusville,  and  about 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  several  oil-wells,  and 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  oil-business.  It  contains  2 
state  banks  with  aggregate  capital  of  $200,000,  4  churches, 
and  a  fine  school-house  which  cost  $30,000.     Pop.  1598. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn., 
about  60  miles  \Y.S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Pleasantville  Station,  N.Y.    See  Pleasantville. 

Pleasure  (plezh'ur)  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  Ontario, 
opposite  Toronto.  A  steam  ferry  runs  between  the  city  and 
the  island  every  half-hour. 

Pleasure  Ridge  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  JefTersoa 


PLE 


2181 


PLO 


CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pleasureville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad,  44  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pl^aux,  pli'o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1600. 

PIeidesheim,pli'd9s-hime\orPleidel8heim,j)li'- 
d§ls-hime\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  3  miles  W.N.W^  of 
Marbach.     Pop.  1225. 

Pleisnitz,  pliss'nits,  or  PelsOcz,  pSl'sSta',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  and  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gombr,  on  the  Sajo. 
Pop.  1289,  partly  employed  in  iron-works. 

Pleisse,  plls's§h,  a  river  of  Saxony,  joins  the  White 
Elstcr  at  Leipsic,  after  a  N.  course  of  50  miles. 

Pleistein,  plis'tine,  or  Bleistein,  blis'tlne,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palatinate,  12  miles  from  Weiden. 

P16lo,  pUMo',  a  village  of  France,  in  CStes-du-Nord, 
arrondissement  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  1645. 

Plencia,  plfin'the-i,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Bis- 
cay, 14  miles  N.W.  of  Bilbao,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Placentia.  It  has  a  school  of  navigation  and  some  docks 
for  building  small  vessels.     Pop.  955. 

Plen'itude,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co..  Miss.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  a  church. 

Plenitade)  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  a  cotton-factory  and 
several  churches. 

Plenty,  Bay  of.     See  Bat  of  Plenty. 

Pies,  pl§s,  or  Plessa,pl5s'84,  sometimes  written  Pli- 
08S  and  Plioso,  a  town  of  Russia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Kos- 
troma, on  the  Volga,  with  woollen-manufactures.    P.  2920. 

Plescheievo,Plestcheievo,or  Plestschejewo, 
pl5s^chi-y4'vo,  or  Klestchino-Ozero,  klSst-chee'no- 
o-zd,'ro,  cal(ed  also  Saleski,  s3,-l§s'kee,  a  small  lake  of 
Russia,  government  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Vladimeer,  near 
the  head  of  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.  Here  Peter  the  Great, 
in  1691,  made  his  first  essays  to  form  the  Russian  navy. 
Length,  5  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Pleschen,  plfish'en,  or  Pleszew,  plfish'^v,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Posen,  with  manufactures  of  wool- 
lens and  tobacco.     Pop.  6348. 

Ples'is,  or  Ples'sis,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Redwood  Station,  about  22  miles  N.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  nearly  40  houses,  a  graded  school,  2 
churches,  2  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Pleskov,  or  Pleskow,  Russia.    See  Pskov. 

Pless,  a  town  of  Tyrol.     See  Flitsch. 

Plessa,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ples. 

Plesse,  plSs's^h,  or  Pless,  pliss,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  3943.  It  has  a 
castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollens,  oil-cloth,  and  leather. 

Plessisville,  Quebec.    See  Somerset. 

Plestin,  plSsHiu"',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Lannion.     Pop.  1085. 

Pleszew,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Pleschen. 

Plettenberg,  plfit't^n-bflRG^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  2322. 

Plet'tenberg  Bay,  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  in 
lat.  34°  S.,  Ion.  23°  20'  E.,  is  bounded  S.W.  by  Seal  Cape. 

Plenbian,  or  Plenbihan,  pluh^bee^fts"',  a  maritime 
village  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lan- 
nion, on  the  English  Channel. 

Plenmartin,  pIuh^maRH4N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chatellerault.     Pop.  1418. 

Pieameur,  plnh^muR',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes- 
du-Nord,  arrondissement  of  Lannion.     Pop.  819. 

Plenrtuit,  pluRHwee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Malo. 

Plevna,  plfiv'ni,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  near  the  Vid,  25 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Nikopolis.  It  was  besieged  and  taken  from 
the  Turks  by  the  Russians  in  1877.    Pop.  (1888)  14,307. 

Plev'na,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Plevna,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Plevna,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Mo. 

Plevna,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Pleyben,  pli'b6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finistdre,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1091. 

Pleystein,  pll'stine,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Leuchtenberg.     Pop.  1068. 

Pliego,  ple-i'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  22 
miles  W.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  2580. 

Plieningen,  plee'ning-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2171. 

Plimpton,  Holmes  co.,  0.    See  Lakbvillb. 

Plinlim'mon,  one  of  the  loftiest  mountains  of  Wales, 
§08.  of  Montgomery  and  Cardigan,  12  miles  from  Cardigan 


Bay,  and  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Llanidloes.  The  Rercrn  and 
Wye  have  their  sources  in  this  mountain.  Height,  24«3 
feet. 

Plin'y,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  about  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Salina. 

Pliny,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  B.C. 

Pliny  Store,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Kanawha  River,  opposite  Buffalo. 

Plioss,  or  Plioso,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Plxs. 

Pliasa,  ple-oo'6&,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  small 
lake  in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  St.  Petersborg,  flows 
N.N.  W.,  and  joins  the  Narova  near  St.  Petersbura;.  Lenirth, 
120  miles. 

Ploaghe,  plo-4'gi,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2870. 

Plochingen,  plfiK'ing-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  1881. 

Plock,  plotsk,  a  city  of  Poland,  capital  of  a  province, 
on  the  Vistula,  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  19,189. 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  a  cathedral  of  the  sixteenth  century,  a  bishop's 
palace,  theatre,  and  various  government  offices.  It  has  also 
Piarist  and  other  colleges,  a  seminary,  mannfactares  of 
leather  and  skins,  and  an  active  transit  trade. 

Plock,  or  Plotsk,  a  government  of  Russian  Poland, 
bounded  N.  by  Prussia,  and  having  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  the 
river  Vistula.  It  contains  4198  square  miles.  Capital, 
Plock.     Pop.  600,568. 

Plock'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Ross-shire,  and  on  Loch  Carron,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  25  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Portree.     Pop.  516. 

Ploen,  plb'n,  or  Plon,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
on  a  narrow  isthmus  below  the  Great  and  Little  Ploen 
Lakes,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Kiel.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  2895. 
It  has  a  fine  Gothic  castle.    See  Lake  of  Ploen. 

Plogrmel,  pIo^fiR^mfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2790. 

Ploesti,plo-5s'tee,  Ployeshti,  plo-yesh'tee,  orPlo- 
escht,  plo-esht',  also  written  Plovest,  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  45  miles  N.  of  Bucharest,  at  a  railway  junction. 
Pop.  32,335.     It  has  a  gymnasium. 

Plogoflf,  plo^gofif,  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistdre,  23 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1690. 

Plomb  de  Cantal,  France.    See  Cantal. 

Plombi^res,  pl6M^be-aiR',  a  town  and  watering-place 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  Angronne,  14  miles  8.  of 
Epinal.  Pop.  1614.  Its  warm  saline  baths  are  well  fre- 
quented.    The  town  has  manufactures  of  cutlery. 

Plombi^res,  a  town  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  on  the 
railway  to  Lyons,  3  miles  'W.N.W.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1582. 

Plon,  a  town  of  Holstein.    See  Ploen. 

Plone,  plO'n§h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Stettiner-IIaff  at  Damm,  4  miles  E.  of  Stettin. 

Plonsk,  pliNsk,  or  Plask,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Plonna.     Pop.  6812. 

Plotsk,  a  government  of  Russia.     See  Plock. 

Plott's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  913. 

Plouay,  ploo^i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  11 
miles  N.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  1239. 

Ploudalm^zean,  plooM&rm&^zO',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Finistdre,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brest.     Pop.  855. 

Plonescat,  ploo'ds^k&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Flais- 
tSre,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  806. 

Plongastel-Daoulas,  pIoo^g&sHdH'-d&^oo^Ii',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Finistfire,  6  miles  E.  of  Brest. 

Plougonvelin,ploo*g6N«*v9h-l4N»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  FinistSre,  near  the  coast.     Pop.  1408. 

Plouguerneau,  ploo^gaiR^nS',  a  village  of  France,  in 
FinistSre,  arrondissement  of  Brest.     Pop.  782. 

Plouguern6vel,ploo'gaiR*niVfir,  a  village  of  Prance, 
in  C6tes-(lu-Nord,  arrondissement  of  Guingamp.     P.  639. 

Plouha,  ploo*4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfttes-du-Nord, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuo.     Pop.  784. 

Plouigneau,  ploo-een'yS',  a  village  of  France,  in 
FinistSre,  6  miles  E.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  699. 

Ploumoguer,  ploo^mo^gaiR',  a  commune  of  France,  in 
Finistfire,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1987. 

Plourin,  pIoo^r&N*',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistire, 
4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  326. 

Plover,  piav'^r,  a  post-village  in  Plover  township,  Por- 
tage CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Plover,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad, 
81i  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay,  and  3  miles  below  Stevens 
Point.  It  has  saw-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  2  ohnrohee, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  400 ;  of  townskip,  1085. 

Plover-and-Her'ald  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  about  lat.  71°  12'  N.  and  Ion.  170°  W 


PLO 


-2182 


PLY 


Plover  River,  Wisconsin,  drains  the  E.  part  of  Mara- 
thon CO.,  runs  nearly  southward,  with  a  small  deviation 
towards  the  "W.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  at  Plover. 

Plovest,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Ploesti. 

Plow'boy,  a  post-ofSce  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  River,  about  13  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 

Plow'den'8  Mill,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  853. 

Plnck'emin,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Bedminster  township,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Morristown. 
It  is  6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Somerville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
chapel,  3  stores,  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.     Pop.  200. 

Pludenz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Bludenz. 

Fliiderhauseil,  plli'd^r-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Remo,  4  miles  W.  of  Lorch.     Pop.  1725. 

Plum,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.    See  Pldm  Creek. 

Plum,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1300. 

Plum,  a  post-township  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Venango 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Titusville.     Pop.  1140. 

Plum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  Sc  Texas  Railroad,  about  5  miles  W.  of  La 
Grange,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Plu'mas,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  California.  Area, 
estimated  at  2720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
and  Middle  Forks  of  the  Feather  River.  The  latter  runs 
in  one  of  the  deepest  and  grandest  canons  in  the  state.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  high  peaks  of  the  Sierra  Kevada, 
very  deep  and  narrow  canons,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive 
forests  of  pine,  fir,  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The  valleys 
produce  pasture  for  cattle.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.  Granite,  slate,  and  fine  marble  are  abundant  here. 
In  the  S.  part  of  this  county  stands  Pilot  Peak,  an  isolated 
mountain  7605  feet  high.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  partly 
basaltic.  At  the  N.W.  corner  stands  Lassen's  Peak,  which 
is  10,577  feet  high.  Capital,  Quincy.  Pop.  in  1870,  4489 ; 
in  1880,  6180;  in  1890,  4993. 

Plumas,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  640. 

Plumb,  pliim,  a  post-ofiQce  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas. 

Plum  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  N.E.  bank  of  Arkansas  River,  about  24  miles 
by  land  S.S.E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Plumb  Creek,  in  Pennsylvania,  flows  into  Crooked 
Creek  in  Armstrong  co. 

Plumb  Creek,  Kansas.    See  Plum  Creek. 

Plumb  Island,  belonging  to  New  York,  situated  in 
Long  Island  Sound,  near  its  E.  entrance,  is  about  3  miles 
long  and  1  mile  broad.  It  contains  a  revolving  light  63 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  lat.  41°  10'  18"  N.,  Ion. 
72°  13'  12"  W. 

Plum  Brook,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

Plumb's  Cross  Koads,  post-office,  Paulding  co.,  0. 

Plum  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on  Plum 
Creek,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Plum  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Douglas  CO.,  runs  northward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of 
the  Platte  14  miles  S.  of  Denver.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

Plum  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Big  Blue  River  in  Seward  co. 

Plum  Creek,  Texas,  flows  into  San  Marcos  River  from 
the  N.,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Caldwell  co. 

Plum  Creek,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  673.     Post-office,  Springfield. 

Plum  Creek,  post-township,  Phillips  co.,  Kan.   P.  385. 

Plum  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  about 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Plum  Creek,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dawson  co., 
Neb.,  near  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 230  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Omaha,  and  35  miles  W.  of 
Kearney.     It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches. 

Plum  Creek,  township,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     P.  1738. 

Plum  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  San  Marcos  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Plum  Creek,  about 
48  miles  S.  of  Austin. 

Plume,  La,  11  pliim,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1742. 

Plumenau,  ploo'm§h-n5w^  (Moravian,  Plumlou, 
pl55m'lSw),  a  town  of  Moravia,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Olmutz. 

Plum'er,  a  post-village  in  Corpplanter  township,  Ve- 
nango CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Titusville.  It  has  2  churches  and  about  25  dwellings. 
Oil  is  found  near  this  place. 

Plumerville,  Arkansas.    See  Plummer's  Station. 

Plum'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  2  churches,  a  mill,  Ac. 

Plum  Grove,  a  poet-hamlet  and  township  of  Butler 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  White  Water  Creek,  about  6.0  miles  S.W. 
of  Emporia.     Pop.  212. 


Plum   Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington   co.,  II 
about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belleville. 

Plum  Hol'low,  a  post- village  in  Scott  township,  Fre-' 
mont  CO.,  Iowa,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Sidney.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  2  flour-mills. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Plum  Island,  a  long,  narrow  island  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  situated  between  the  mouth  of  Merrimac  River,  on 
the  N.,  and  Ipswich  Bay,  on  the  S.,  and  separated  from  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  sound.     Length,  8i  miles. 

Plum  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Plum'mer's  Iianding,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming 
CO.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Flemingsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Plummer's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conway  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  at  Plum- 
erville Station,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Plum'merville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Red  Banks. 

Plum  Point,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Plum  Point,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss, 

Plum  River, or  Itforse'ville,  a  post-village  in  Stock- 
ton township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Free- 
port.     It  has  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Plum'stead,  a  parish  of  England,  in  Kent,  forming  a 
southeastern  suburb  of  London.     Pop.  52,436. 

Plum  stead,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.   Pop.  1566. 

Plumstead,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2617. 

Plum'steadville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plumstead  town- 
ship, Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  a 
church. 

Plum  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind. 

Plum  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Plum  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Plum'ville,  a  post- village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Mahoning  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Indiana,  and  about  50 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  several  churches,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Pluneret,  plii^n^h-ri',  a  town  of  France,  inMorbihau, 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lorient. 

Plunk'ett,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  oo..  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Plunkett's  Creek,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  415. 

Pluscardine  (pliis-kar-deen')  Pri'ory,  an  ancient 
ruin  of  a  Cistercian  priory,  Scotland,  in  a  beautiful  valley 
of  the  same  name,  parish  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Elgin. 

Pluvigner,  plUVeen'aiK',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1309. 

Plym,  plim,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  Dartmoor 
Forest,  co.  of  Devon,  flows  S.S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  18 
miles,  falls  into  Plymouth  Sound  at  Plymouth. 

Plymouth,  plim'iith  (L.  Tamari  Oatia,  or  Plymutha), 
a  seaport  town  and  naval  station  in  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  E.  side  of  a  peninsula,  between  the  rivers  Plym  am' 
Tamar,  at  the  head  of  Plymouth  Sound,  37  miles  S.W.  ofj 
Exeter,  with  which  it  communicates  by  railway.     Pop. 
borough  in  1891,  84,179.     Between  it  and  the  Sound  is  thi 
Hoe,  a  fine  open  space,  surmounting  a  cWS,  on  which  is  tl 
citadel,  a  bastioned  fortress,  containing  a  governor's  resi 
dence  and  extensive  barracks;  in  this  direction  new  an 
handsome  streets  have  been  laid  out,  and  many  handsomi 
terraces,   ranges  of   buildings,  and   detached  villas  havi 
been  erected.     The  principal  edifices  in  the  town  are  t' 
royal  hotel,  theatre,  athenaeum,  public  library,  royal  unio: 
baths,   freemasons'    hall,    exchange,    custom-house,   post 
office,  guild  hall,  jail,  several  hospitals,  barracks,  seven 
parish  churches,  and  numerous  dissenting  chapels.     Ply 
mouth  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.     Its  institutio: 
comprise    the  Western    College,   a    grammar-school,    tl 
Natural  History  Society  of  Devon  and  Cornwall,  publi< 
medical,  law,  and  theological  libraries,  and  a  mechanics'  in< 
stitute.     It  has  a  branch  of  the  Bank  of  England,  and  sev 
eral  other  banks.     The  structures  connected  with  the  naval] 
establishments  are  outside  of  the  town.     The  principi 
dock-yard  is  at  Devonport.     In  it  is  an  observatory,  com. 
manding  a  noble  view.     The  naval  and  royal  military  hoi 
pitals  at  Stonehouse,  the  victualling-yard,  the  gun-whari 
and  the  military  prison  are  all  fine  stone  edifices.     Ply 
mouth  Harbor  is  double,  consisting  of  the  Hamoaze,  oi 
mouth  of  the  Tamar,  opposite  Devonport,  adapted  for  thi 
largest  ships  of  war,  and  the  Catwater,  or  estuary  of  the 
Plym,  immediately  E.  of  Plymouth.    The  parts  of  the  port 
chiefly  appropriated  to  mercantile  shipping  are  Sutton  Pool 
and  Mill  Bay,  particularly  the  latter,  where  are  extensive 
wet-docks.     The  port,  however,  owes  its  chief  celebrity 
to  its  importance  as  a  great  naval  station.     (See  Plvmouth 
Sound.)     Plymouth  has  a  large  trade ;  it  imports  a  good 


i 


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2183 


PLY 


deal  of  West  India  colonial  produce,  and  timber  from  the 
Baltic  and  North  America,  and  it  boa  manufactures  of  sail- 
cloth, refined  sugar,  glass,  soap,  and  starch,  a  large  distil- 
lery, and  extensive  pilchard  and  other  fisheries. 

Plymouth,  originally  a  fishing  village,  bore  under  the 
Saxons  the  name  of  Tamarworth,  which,  after  the  Conquest, 
was  changed  to  that  of  Sutton,  or  South-Town.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  a  mayor,  12  aldermen,  and  36  councillors,  and 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Plymouth,  plim'Qth,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Iowa,  bordering  on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  about  818 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sioux  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Floyd's  River  and  the  West  Fork  of 
the  Little  Sioux  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  & 
Omaha  Railroad,  which  connect  at  Le  Mars,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2199;  in  1880,  8566;  in  1890,  19,568. 

Plymouth;  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Massachusetts, 
has  an  area  of  about  671  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  £.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on 
the  S.  by  Buzzard's  Bay.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and 
great  facilities  for  navigation,  and  is  drained  by  the  Taun- 
ton and  North  Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  hickory,  ash,  elm,  and  sev- 
eral species  of  oak.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed 
in  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  nails,  forged  and  rolled 
iron,  cordage,  t'frine,  and  other  articles.  It  is  intersected 
by  several  branches  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Capital, 
Plymouth.  Pop.  in  1870,  65,365 ;  in  1875,  69,362 ;  in  1880, 
74,018;  in  1890,  92,700. 

Plymouth,  a  post-oflBce  of  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  about  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Ozark,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Plymouth)  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Amador 
CO.,  Cat.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Latrobe.  It  has  a  church,  a 
quartz-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  general 
stores.     Gold  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  768. 

Plymouth)  or  Plymouth  Hill,  a  post-village  in 
Plymouth  township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  theNaugatuek 
River  and  the  Naugatuek  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hart- 
ford, Providence  <fc  Fishkill  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Water- 
bury,  and  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  The  township  contains 
another  village,  named  Terryville,  and  has  manufactures  of 
locks,  carriages,  hardware,  malleable  iron,  Ac,  and  quarries 
of  granite.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2147. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Saint  Mary's  township, 
Hancock  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiney 
Railroad,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Quiney.  It  has  a  banking- 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  five  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  710. 

Plymouth,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind., 
in  Centre  township,  on  the  Yellow  River,  and  on  the  In- 
dianapolis,  Peru  <fc  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  La  Porte,  118  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis,  and  64  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  contains  5  or  6  churches,  a 
ytate  bank,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  flouring-  and  planing-mills,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  2723. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Shellrock  River,  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charles  City. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Plymouth,  township,  Plymouth  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  275. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Lyon  co., 
Kansas,  on  Cottonwood  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Plymouth,  township,  Russell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  146. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bangor,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  East  Newport  Station  on  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  941. 

Plymouth,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on 
Plymouth  Harbor  or  Bay,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Lat. 
41°  57'  26"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  19"  W.  It  is  the  oldest  town 
in  New  England,  and  is  celebrated  as  the  place  where  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers  landed  from  the  "  Mayflower,"  December 
21,  1620.  A  small  mass  of  granite,  called  "  Plymouth 
Rook"  or  "  Forefathers'  Rock,"  on  Water  street,  marks  the 
place  of  landing.     The  most  remarkable  public  bnilding  is 


the  Pilgrim  Hall,  a  granite  structure,  which  was  erected 
by  the  Pilgrim  Society  in  1824-25  and  contains  numerous 
relics  and  historical  paintings.  In  front  of  the  hall,  sur- 
rounded by  an  iron  fence,  is  a  detached  portion  of  "  Fore- 
fathers' Rock,"  which  has  been  removed  hither  from  the 
water-side.  Plymouth  contains  a  court-house,  a  town  hall, 
9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  a  large  hotel  called  the  Samoset  House,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers  and  1  monthly 
periodical.  Here  are  also  several  iron-foundries  and  manu- 
factories of  boots  and  shoes,  cotton  goods,  cordage,  stoves, 
nails,  tacks,  <tc.  Plymouth  has  several  vessels  employed  in 
the  fisheries.     Pop.  in  1880,  7093;  in  1890,  7314, 

Plymouth,   a    post-village    in    Plymouth   township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  Rouge  River,  and 
on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Northern  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Detroit,  and  about  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ann  Arbor. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  and 
uianufactures  of  ploughs,  fanning-mills,  and  corn-shellers. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1172;  of  the  township,  3950.     The  township 
contains  another  village  named  Northville, 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Hennepin  oo,,  Minn.   P.  974. 
Plymouth,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Franciscc 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Pierce  City,  Mo. 
Plymouth,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Mo. 
Plymouth,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Neb. 
Plymouth,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Graf- 
ton CO.,  N.H,,  in  Plymouth  township,  on  the  Pemigewasset 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Baker's  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Con- 
cord.    It   is  surrounded   by  attractive  scenery,  which  is 
visited  by  numerous  tourists.     It  contains  2  churches,  a 
first-class  hotel  which  has  150  rooms,  a  state  normal  school, 
a  manufactory  of  buckskin  gloves  and  mittens,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1852. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York 
&  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich,  and 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  179  ;  of  the  township,  1348. 

Plymouth,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.C.,  in  Plymouth  township,  on  an  inlet  which 
opens  into  the  W.  end  of  Albemarle  Sound,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Roanoke  River,  and  about  100  miles  in  a  direct  line 
E.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  coasting- 
trade  and  fishing.  Cotton,  lumber,  &c.,  are  shipped  here  in 
steamboats.  Plymouth  has  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
5  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  lumber  and  shingles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1212;  of  the  township,  3900. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.  Pop.  766. 
Plymouth,  a  post- village  in  Plymouth  township,  Rich- 
land CO.,  0.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield  &  Newark  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Sandusky,  and 
19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mo.nsfield.  It  contains  4  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  corn -planters,  furni- 
ture, and  picture- frames.  *P.  (1890)  1133;  of  township,  1686. 
Plymouth  (Bartlett  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  0.,  18  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and 
the  Bartlett  Academy.     Pop.  84. 

Plymouth,  a  post-borough  in  Plymouth  township,  Lu- 
zerne CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  Wyoming  Valley,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Lackawanna  & 
Bloomsburg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton,  and  3  or 
4  miles  below  Wilkesbarre.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are 
mined  near  this  place.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  9  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  an  academy.  Pop.  in  1880,  6065 ;  in  1890,  9344.  The 
population  is  mostly  Welsh,  Irish,  and  German  miner?. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  boroughs  of  Conshohocken  and  Norristown. 
It  contains  part  of  Plymouth  Meeting.     Pop.  2026. 

Plymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  8 
miles  from  Hampton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1286. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.     P.  1438. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Rock  oo..  Wis.     Pop.  1242. 
Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  She- 
boygan CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mullet  River,  and  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Sheboygan  <fc  Fond 
du  Lac  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Fond  du  Lao,  and  65 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  contains  a  newspaper  offioe,  a 
bank,  several  hotels,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  &a.    Pop.  in 
1890,  860 ;  of  the  township,  1366. 


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Plymouth  Hiil,  Connecticut.     See  Pltmouth. 
Plymouth  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Lackawanna  <fe 
Bloomsburg  Railroad,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Plymouth,  Pa. 

Plymouth  Meet'iug,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Whitemarsh  township,  on  the  Plymouth  Branch 
Railroad,  at  Plymouth  Station,  3  miles  E.  of  Conshohocken, 
and  about  12  miles  N.  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lime. 

Plymouth  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winneshiek  oo., 
Iowa,  on  Upper  Iowa  River,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Decorah. 

Plymouth  Sound,  an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel, 
between  the  cos.  of  Devon  and  Cornwall.  Length,  3  miles ; 
breadth,  4  miles.  At  its  N.E.  and  N.W.  extremities  the 
Plym  and  Tamar  Rivers  enter  it,  forming  respectively  the 
harbors  opposite  Plymouth  and  Devonport.  On  its  E.  side 
is  Bovisand  Bay,  and  on  its  W.  are  Cawsand  Bay  and  Mount 
Edgecumbe.  It  contains  several  islands,  the  principal  being 
Mount  Batten,  with  a  fortification  immediately  opposite  the 
Hoe  of  Plymouth.  The  sound  is  chiefly  important  as  a 
naval  station.  Here  is  the  Plymouth  Breakwater,  a  granite 
and  marble  structure  1700  yards  in  length,  erected  at  an 
expense  of  about  £1,500,000.  The  height  is  from  56  feet  to  80 
feet,  the  top  45  feet  broad,  and  on  the  W.  end  is  a  light- 
house, 68  feet  above  the  platform.  The  entrance  into  the 
sound  is  guided  by  the  still  more  celebrated  Eddystone 
Light-House,  which  stands  on  a  large  cluster  of  rocks  in  the 
channel  opposite  to  it,  at  the  distance  of  14  miles. 

Plymouth  Union,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plymouth  town- 
ship, Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  10  miles  N.  of  Ludlow  Station.  It 
has  a  liberal  institute. 

Plymp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Plympton  township,  7  or  8  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.  It  is  4 
miles  S.  of  Plympton  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  shoe- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  755. 

Plymp'ton  Mau'rice,  or  Earl's,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  1084. 

Plympton  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Plympton  and  Kingston  townships,  on  Silver 
Lake,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  chapel,  and  manufactures  of  anchors, 
shoe-nails,  tacks,  match-cards,  and  lumber. 

Pnompenh,  p'n6m-pfin',  called  also  Panom^ping', 
Penom^ping',  Penom^pein',  and  Nam^wang',  a 
town  of  Indo-China,  capital  of  Cambodia,  on  the  Mekong, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Tale  Sab,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Saigon. 
It  has  a  royal  palace,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  20,000. 

Po,  po  (ano.  Pa'dvs,  and  Erid'anus),  the  largest  river  of 
Italy,  irrigating,  with  its  aflSuents,  the  entire  plain  of  Pied- 
mont and  Lombardy,  rises  in  Monte  Viso,  in  lat.  44°  38' 
N.,  Ion.  7°  10'  E.  It  flows  at  first  N.E.  to  Turin,  where  it 
makes  a  curve  E.S.E.  for  about  45  miles,  then  turns  N.  to 
receive  the  waters  of  the  Oglio,  and  thence  flows  mostly  E., 
with  a  very  tortuous  course,  to  the  Adriatic,  which  it  enters 
by  several  mouths  between  lat.  44°  48'  and  45°  1'  N.,  the 
principal  surnamed  the  Po  della  Maestra,  della  Toli,  di 
Goro,  and  di  Volano.  Total  estimated  length,  340  miles, 
of  which  about  280  are  navigable  for  large  barges  and  river 
steamers.  Principal  affluents  on  the  left,  the  Clusone,  Sesia, 
Tioino,  Olona,  Adda,  Oglio,  and  Mincio ;  and  on  the  right, 
the  Maira,  Tanaro,  Trebia,  Taro,  Parma,  Secchia,  and  Pa- 
naro.  The  Po  is,  in  many  parts  of  Lombardy,  above  the 
neighboring  plains :  below  Piacenza  it  is  enclosed  by  em- 
bankments formed  by  its  own  deposits  and  carefully  kept 
up  to  prevent  inundations  from  floods.  Its  current  in  the 
dry  season  is  sluggish,  but  in  spring  and  summer  rapid  and 
turbulent.  It  is  highly  useful  in  fertilizing  the  country, 
and  it  abounds  with  fish. 

Po,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Bo. 

Po,  Allen  CO.,  Ind.    See  Wiluamspokt. 

Poage's  (po'j^z)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Roanoke  co., 
Va.,  9  miles  S.  of  Salem. 

Poast  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Pobla  de  Claramaut,  po'sli  dA,  kl&-r&-m&nt',  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  N.W.  of  Barcelona.   Pop.  1279. 

Pobla  de  Lillet,  po'Bli  di  leel-ySt',  or  La  Pobla, 
1&  po'Bli,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  64 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2058. 

Poblat,  a  town  of  Majorca.     See  Pdebla. 

Poboleda,  po-Bo-li'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1881. 

Po^cahon'tas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  The  West  Fork  of 
the  Des  Moines  River  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county, 
which  is  also  drained  by  the  Lizard  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and 


I 


oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illino' 
Central,  Chicago  A  Northwestern,  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
A  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Pocahontas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1446;  in  1880,  3713;  in  1890,  9553. 

Pocahontas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  765  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Greenbrier  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the 
sources  of  the  Gauley  River.  The  main  range  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains  extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this 
county,  and  the  central  part  is  occupied  by  the  Greenbrier 
Mountain.  Here  are  large  forests  of  sugar-maple  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Capital,  Hnnters- 
ville,  situated  on  a  tributary  of  the  Greenbrier  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4069;  in  1880,  6591;  in  1890,  6814. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Black  River,  about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  and  a  flour-mill.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  507. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village  in  Pocahontas  township, 
Bond  CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  an 
acadeflay,  a  public  hall,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1535.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Pocahontas,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Pocahontas  co., 
Iowa,  12  miles  N.  of  Pomeroy. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shawnee  township. 
Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  about  100  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St. 
Louis.     Pop.  about  80. 

Pocahontas,  a  hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  6  miles 
W.  of  Baker  City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Pocahontas,  a  hamlet  of  Cofiee  oo.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Manchester.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Hatchee  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  A  Charleston 
Railroad,  74  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  225. 

Pocahontas,  a  village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  sepa- 
rated from  Petersburg  by  the  river  Appomattox. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-town  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  172 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  very  important 
mines  of  bituminous  coal,  and  is  a  thriving  place. 

Pocas'set,  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  township,  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  on  Red  Brook  Harbor,  an  arm  of  Buz- 
zard's Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Boston. 

Pocasset,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  John- 
ston township,  4  miles  from  Olneyville.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pock'lington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  York,  East  Riding.     Pop.  (1891)  6143. 

Pockmouche,p5k^moosh',  a  post- village  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  59  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chatham.    P.  800. 

Pock'shaw,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  26i  miles  from  Bathurst. 

Pocomoke  City,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md., 
11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Princess  Anne.  It  has  8  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  several  saw-  and  flour- 
mills,  and  carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1866. 

Po'comoke  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  runs  S.  to  Snow  Hill,  Md.,  and  thence  S.W.,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  nearly  70  miles  long.  Sloops  can 
ascend  it  35  miles  during  high  tide. 

Pocon6,  po-ko-ni',  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Matto-Grosso,  on  a  height,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cuyab^. 

Po'cono,  or  Po'kono,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1119.     It  contains  Tannersville. 

Pocono,  or  Pokono,  a  post-village  in  Coolbaugh 
township,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  on  or  near  the  Pocono  Moun- 
tain, 31  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  about  20  houses.  It  is  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad. 

Pocono  (or  Pokono)  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  P».» 
falls  into  Brodhead's  Creek. 

Pocono  (or  Pokono)  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  if 
a  long  ridge  in  Monroe  and  Carbon  cos.,  about  15  mile* 
N.W.  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain. 

Pocop'son,  a  station  in  Pocopson  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wilmington  A  Reading  Railroad,  18  milM    » 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     Pop.  of  the  township,  673. 

Pocotal'go,  township,  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1922. 

Pocotal'igo,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va., 
near  the  Pocotaligo  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Pocotaligo  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Roane  oo.,  j 
runs  southwestward  through  Kanawha  co.,  and  enters  th»  • 
Great  Kanawha  River  on  the  E.  border  of  Putnam  co. 

Poczinka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Potcbinki. 


POD 


2185 


POI 


Podebrad,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Podiebrad. 
Podensac,    puM6N>^8&k',    a    village    of   France,    in 
Gironde,  on  the  Garonne,  and  on  a  railway,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1681. 

Podenzano,  po-ddn-z&'ao,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S. 
of  Piacenza,  with  2  churches,  a  monastery,  and  a  hospital. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3152. 

Podgora,  pod-go'r&,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Dalmatia, 
circle  of  Spalato.     Pop.  1009. 

Podgoritza,  pod-go-rit's&,  a  town  of  Montenegro,  38 
miles  N.  of  Scutari.     Pop.  6000.     A  few  miles  N.  are  the 
remains  of  the  ancient  Dioclea,  consisting  of  ruined  tem- 
ples, and  the  bed  of  an  aqueduct  about  12  miles  in  length. 
Podgorze,    pod-goR'zi,   or    Josephstadt,   yo'z^f- 
st&tt^  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  separated  by  the  Vistula 
from  Cracow.     Pop.  1760. 
Podgraje,  a  town  of  Dalmatia.     See  Asseria. 
Podiebrad,  po'dee-br&d\  written  also  Podebrad,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  railway,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Nimburg.     Pop.  3837. 

Po  di  Priinaro,  po  dee  pre-mi'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  a  continuation  of  the  Reno,  which  assumes  this 
name  at  Traghetto.  Its  lower  course  is  nearly  E.S.E.,  past 
Argenta,  and  it  enters  the  Adriatic  at  Porto  di  Primaro,  13 
[miles  N.E.  of  Ravenna.     Entire  length,  120  miles. 

PodkainieU)  pod'kam-y5n  or  pod'ki-meen^,  a  town 

[of  Austrian  Galicia,  E.  by  N.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2730. 

Podlachia,  pod-li'ke-3,,  or  Podola'chia,  a  former 

jalatinate  of  Poland,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the 

^ug,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Vistula.     It  appears  at  one 

i  time  to  have  corresponded  nearly  to  the  present  province 

of  Siedlec,  but  anciently  its  limits  were  more  extensive. 

Fodolia,  po-do'le-a,  or  Podolsk,  po-dSlsk',  a  gov- 
I  ernment  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  47°  30'  and  49°  45' 
|N.  and  Ion.  26°  25'  and  30°  48'  E.,  having  W.  Galicia. 
leArea,  16,558  square  miles.  Pop.  1,933,188.  The  principal 
j rivers  are  the  Dniester,  forming  its  S.W.  boundary,  and  the 
1  Bug.  Surface  generally  level.  Soil  fertile,  raising  corn, 
I  hemp,  flax,  hops,  tobacco,  and  vai-ious  fruits.  Many  cattle 
of  fine  breeds  are  sent  into  Galicia  and  Germany.  The 
J  mineral  products  comprise  nitre,  lime,  and  alabaster. 
Manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  and  potash  are  car- 
tried  on,  and  there  are  many  distilleries.  Principal  towns, 
iKamienieo,  Moheelev,  and  Vinnitsa.  This  region  was 
I  acquired  from  Poland  in  1793. 

Podolin,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Pudlein. 
Podolsk,  po-dolsk',  or  Podol,  po-dol',  a  town  of  Rus- 
|8ia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moscow.     Pop.  10,973. 

Podor,  po^dor',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Senegam- 
'bia,  built  by  the  French  in  1743,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  16° 
35'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  W.     Pop.  1019. 

Poe,  po,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Medina  co.,  0. 
Poe,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  oo..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  W. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Poel,  or  Pol,  pbl,  an  island  of  North   Germany,  in 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  in  the  Gulf  of  Lubeck,  Baltic,  4 
miles  N.  of  Wismar.     Length  and  breadth,  5  miles  each. 
Poerbolingo,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Probolingo. 
Poestenkill,  poos't^n-kilP,  a  small   river  of  Rensse- 
Ijaer  co..  New  York,  falls  into  the  Hudson  at  Troy. 

Poestenkill,  a  post-village  in  Poestenkill  township, 
[^Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Albany,  and 
"  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-bat 
[factory.  The  township  contains  another  village,  named 
£a8t  Poestenkill,  and  a  hamlet  named  Barberville,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  1727. 

Poeville,  po'vll,  a  mining-camp  of  Washoe  co.,  Nev., 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Reno.     It  has  a  quartz-mill. 

Pogar,  po-gan',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  119 
miles  N.E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  4487. 

Poggia  a  Cty  aiio,  pod'ji  &  k4-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  the  Val  Ombrone,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence. 

Poggibousi,  pod-je-bon'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
S.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  7337. 

Poggio,  pod'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  of  commune,  4947. 

Poggio  Reale,  pod'jo  ri-i'li,  a  town  of  Sicily,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  3673. 

Pog'gy  Isles,  North  and  South,  two  contiguous 
islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Su- 
matra.    Lat.  2°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  99°  37'  E. 

Pogitel,  a  picturesque  fortified  village  of  Herzegovina, 
on  the  Narenta,  16  miles  S.vS.W.  of  Mostar. 
Pogoijeloje-Gorodischtch6.  See  GoRoniscHTCHi. 
Pohat'coug  (or  Pohat'chuiik)  Creek,  of  Warren 
20.,  N.J.,  flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  8  miles 
below  Easton. 
138 


Polie'ta,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles  S. 
of  Solomon  City. 

Pohonee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pownbe. 

Poho'no  or  Bridal  Veil  Fall,  a  oataraot  in  the 
Yoscmite  Valley,  Cal.,  is  formed  by  a  small  affi.uent  which 
enters  the  Merced  River  near  the  lower  end  of  the  valley. 
The  height  of  the  fall  is  about  900  feet  perpendicular.  The 
water  is  dissipated  into  mist  before  it  reaches  the  bottom. 

Poictiers,  a  town  of  France.     See  Poitiers. 

Poictou,  a  province  of  France.     See  PoiTOU. 

Poiu^dex'ter,  a  post-office  of  Schley  co.,  Ga.,  16  muea 
W.  of  Oglethorpe. 

Poindexter,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky. 

Poindexter's  store,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va 

Poin'set,  a  post-office  of  Hamlin  co.,  S.D. 

Poin'sett,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas. 
Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  £.  by  the 
St.  Francis  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  a  little 
cotton  and  Indian  corn.  Itis  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Harrisburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1720;  in  1880,  2192;  in  1890,  4272. 

Point,  a  township  of  Calhoun  eo.,  111.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi and  Illinois  Rivers.     Pop.  1551. 

Point,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  980.  It  is 
the  southwesternmost  township  in  the  state. 

Point,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.     P.  938. 

Point  Abino,  i-bee'no,  Ber'tie,  or  Ridgeway,  a 
post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  (Bufl"alo  division),  9  miles  from  Buff'alo,  N.Y.  It 
contains  a  saw-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
several  stores.  Pop.  660.  The  station  is  called  Bertie,  the 
post-office  Point  Abino. 

Point  Adams,  Oregon.     See  Adams  Point. 

Point  h  la  Hache,  S.  \k  h3.sh,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Plaquemines  parish.  La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  along  which  it  extends  several  miles,  about  40 
miles  below  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
rice-mills,  and  a  church. 

Point-k-Pitre,  La.    See  La  PoiNTE-l-PirKB. 

Point  Arena,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.  See  Punta  Arenas. 

Point  au  Fer  (Fr.  pron.  pw5,Nt  5  faiR),  is  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Atchafalaya  Bay,  La. 

Point  Au  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y. 

Point  Barrow.     See  America. 

Point  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Adams  oo..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Portage. 

Point  Bonita,  bo-nee'ta,  is  the  S.  extremity  of  Marin 
CO.,  Cal.,  and  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Golden  Gate,  about  3i 
miles  N.  of  Point  Lobos. 

Point  Brul6,  brooMi',  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  30  miles  from  Truro.  P.  400. 

Point  Cardinal,  Ontario.     See  Edwardsburo. 

Point  Cas'well,  a  post- village  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  navigable  Black  River,  20  miles  by  land  and  35  miles 
by  water  N.N.  W.  of  Wilmington.  It- has  a  church,  3  stores, 
a  distillery  of  turpentine,  and  a  saw-mill.  A  steamboat 
plies  between  this  place  and  Wilmington. 

Point  Ce'dar,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  about 
70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Point  Clear,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Bald- 
win CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Mobile  Bay,  18  miles  S.B. 
of  Mobile. 

Point  Com'merce,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Eel  River,  i  mile  from 
Worthington. 

Point  Conception,  California.  See  Cape  Conception. 

Point  (or  Pointe)  Couple,  koo-pee',  a  parish  of 
Louisiana,  near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  600  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Atchafalaya  Bayou.  The  N.  part  of 
this  parish  is  adjacent  to  the  mouth  of  Red  River.  The 
surface  is  level  and  low,  subject  to  inundation,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
sugar,  and  mnize  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Texas  <t  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  New  Roads. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,981;  in  1880,  17,785;  in  1890,  19,613. 

Point  (or  Pointe)  Coup6e,  a  post-village  of  Point 
Coup6e  parish.  La.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  about  30  miles  above  Baton  Rouge.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office. 

Point  de  Galle,  Ceylon.    See  Galle. 

Point  Douglas,  dug'las,  a  post-village  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  just  above  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  and  opposite  Hastings.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  spring  beds. 

Pointe  a  Cavagnol,  Quebec.    See  Hudson. 


POI 


2186 


POI 


Point  East'ern,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Pointe  au  Bouleau  (Fr.  pron.  pwint  o  booUo'),  or 
Duck  River^  a  post-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec, 
at  the  outlet  of  the  Saguenay  River,  opposite  Tadousac,  27 
miles  from  Murray  Bay.     Pop,  160. 

Pointe  aux  Peaux  (Fr.  pron.  pwiNt  5  po),  a  summer 
resort  in  Frenchtown  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  or 
near  Lake  Erie.  f 

Pointe  aux  Trembles  en  Bas,  pw^Nt  5  tr&M'b'l 
e6n»  bi,  a  post-village  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  19  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  600. 

Pointe  aux  Trembles  en  Haut,  pwiNt  5  tr6M'b'l 
z6n<»  ho,  a  post-village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
island  of  Montreal,  10  miles  below  Montreal.  It  contains 
a  French  Protestant  college  and  several  stores.     Pop,  400. 

Pointe  aux  Yaches^  pwiNt  o  vish,  a  headland  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  short  distance  below  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Saguenay. 

Pointe  Claire,  pw&Nt  klair,  a  village  of  Quebec,  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Jacques  Cartier,  on  the  island  of  Mon- 
treal, on  the  N.  shore  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  14J  miles  from  Montreal.   Pop.  461, 

Pointe  de  Meurou,  pw&Nt  d§h  muh^r6N»',  on  the 
Kaministiquia  River,  in  the  district  of  Thunder  Bay,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  above  Fort  William, 

Pointe  de  Monts,  pwixt  d§h  miu*,  a  headland  on 
the  N,  shore  of  the  St,  Lawrence,  co,  of  Saguenay,  Quebec, 
Lat.  49°  19'  35"  N, ;  Ion.  67°  21'  65"  W.  On.it  is  a  light- 
house. This  is  a  depot  of  provisions  for  shipwrecked 
mariners, 

Pointe  du  Bnte,  pwiNt  dii  biit,  a  village  in  West- 
moreland CO,,  New  Brunswick,  5  miles  from  Sackville, 

Pointe  dn  Chene,  pw^Nt  dii  shain,  a  post-settlement 
in  the  district  of  Provencher,  Manitoba,  on  the  Pointe  des 
ChSnes  River,  30  miles  E,  of  Winnipeg,  It  contains  a 
church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  stores.  'The  population  is 
composed  of  about  100  families. 

Pointe  du  Ch^ne,  a  seaport  town  of 'New  Brunswick, 
00.  of  Westmoreland,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  at  the 
N,E,  terminus  of  the  Shediao  Branch  of  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  2  miles  N,E,  of  Shediao,  It  has  a  light-house 
and  long  piers  for  shipping.  Pop,  150.  Here  is  Shediao 
Railway  Station. 

Pointe  du  Lac,  pwd,Nt  dii  l&k,  a  post-village  in  St, 
Maurice  oo.,  Quebec,  at  the  E.  end  of  Lake  St.  Peter,  81 
miles  N.N  E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  500. 

Point  Ed'ward,  formerly  Port  Sar'nia,  a  post- 
village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Lambton,  on  the -St.  Clair  River, 
near  Lake  Huron,  and  at  the  Canada  terminus  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  2  miles  from  Sarnia,  and  168  miles  W.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  9  stores,  5  hotels,  and  2  saw-mills. 
Fort  Gratiot,  Michigan,  is  immediately  opposite,  A  steam 
ferry  plies  between  the  two  places.     Pop.  (1891)  1882. 

Pointe  For'tune,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Ottawa,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.     P.  100. 

Point  Escuminac,  es^koo^me^nik',  the  S.E.  point 
of  Miramichi  Bay,  New  Brunswick.  Lat.  47°  4'  32"  N. ; 
Ion.  64°  47'  30"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Point  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Terro  Bonne  parish.  La., 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Houma. 

Point  Gallinas,  g41-yee'nis,  the  northernmost  point 
of  South  America.     Lat.  12°  30'  N. ;  Ion,  about  71°  40'  W. 

Point  Isabel,  iz'a-bel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Ind.,  about  40  miles  S,E,  of  Logansport,   It  has  2  churches. 

Point  Isabel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co,,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Point  Isabel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  35 
miles  E,S,E,  of  Cincinnati,  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop,  160, 

Point  Isabel,  a  village  of  Cameron  co,,  Tex,,  on  the 
Laguna  del  Madre,  22  miles  N,E.  of  Brownsville,  and  4 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  Rio  Grande  Railroad 
extends  hence  to  Brownsville. 

Point  Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish. 
La.,  on  Bartholomew  Bayou,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe. 

Point  Ju'dith,  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Narra- 
gansett  Bay,  R.I,  It  has  a  revolving  light,  60  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,     Lat,  41°  21'  35"  N.;  Ion.  71°  29'  18"  W. 

Point  Levi,  Quebec.     See  Levis. 

Point  Lobos,  lo'boce  (i.e.,  "Seals'  Point"),  California, 
is  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Golden  Gate,  about  6  miles  W.  of, 
San  Francisco. 

Point  Look'out,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac  River,  80 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the 
route  of  the  Washington  City  <k  Point  Lookout  Railroad. 


Point  Lookout,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  5  miles  S.AV.  of  Washington. 

Point  Malcolm,  markum,a  headland  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Australia,  near  lat.  33°  48'  S.,  Ion.  123°  40'  E. 

Point  Mar^blehead',  a  post-village  in  Danbury 
township,  Ottawa  co,,  0,,  on  Lake  Erie,  about  7  miles  N, 
of  Sandusky,  It  has  3  churches  and  several  quarries  of 
limestone,  large  quantities  of  which  are  exported,  A  light- 
house has  been  erected  here. 

Point  Mar'ion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo,,  Pa,,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cheat,  IC 
miles  S.W,  of  Uniontown.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill. 

Point  Michaux,  me^sho',  a  fishing-settlement  in 
Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  17  miles  from  St,  Peters. 

Point  Mount'ain,  post-office,  Randolph  co,,  W.  Va, 

Point  Muz'erall,  a  headland  on  the  N,  side  of  the 
entrance  to  Portage  River,  Kent  co,.  New  Brunswick. 

Point  of  Air  (or  Ayre),  the  N.  point  of  the  Isle  of 
Man,  with  a  light-house,     Lat,  54°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  26'  W. 

Point  of  Air,  in  Flintshire,  Wales,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Dee,     Lat,  53°  21'  26"  N.j  Ion.  3°  19'  14"  W. 

Point  of  Rocks,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 69  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  43  miles  N.N.W,  of 
Washington,  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Metropolitan  Branch 
of  that  railroad.  It  has  3  churches.  Here  is  a  tunnel 
860  feet  long.  Pop.  about  400.  The  Potomac  here  passes 
through  the  Catoctin  Mountain. 

Point  of  Rocks,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Point  of  Tim'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Contra  Costa 
CO.,  Cal.,  50  miles  E.  of  San  Francisco.     It  ha«  2  churches. 

Point  Palinuro,  Italy.    See  Cape  Palindbo. 

Point  Palmyra.    See  Palmyras  Point. 

Point  Pe'dro  (native,  Po^iu  Pedurutcu),  a  town  at  the 
N.  point  of  Ceylon,  or  rather  on  a  long  low  island  closely 
skirting  the  Ceylon  shore.  It  is  20  miles  N.E.  of  Jaffna- 
patam.  It  has  a  tolerably  secure  harbor,  and  a  large  trade 
by  sea.  The  town  is  regular  and  well  built,  and  is  noted 
for  the  fine  gardens  in  its  environs. 

Point  Pe'le  (or  Pe'lee),  or  South  Foreland,  a 
headland  of  Canada,  in  Lake  Erie,  E.  of  Pigeon  Bay.  It  is 
about  7  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad.  On  its  point  is  a 
light-house.  S.W.  of  the  point  lies  Point  Pelee  Island,  the 
largest  island  in  Lake  Erie. 

Point  Penin'sula,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lyme  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  18  miles  W.  of 
Watertown. 

Point  Pe'ter,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co.,  Ark. 

Point  Peter,  a  post-office  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga., 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Athens, 

Point  Peter,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co,, 
Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  entrance  to  Peter's  Bay 
12  miles  from  Picton,     Lat.  43°  51'  N. ;  Ion,  77°  14'  W. 

Point  Peter,  the  N,E,  point  of  Malbaie  and  the  S, 
point  of  Gasp6  Bay,  Quebec. 

Point  Pleasant,  plez'ant,  a  township  of  Warren  co., 
111.     Pop.  1004, 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co,,  Iowa, 
8  miles  W.  of  Eldora,  and  about  30  miles  N,W,  of  Mar- 
shalltown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on 
or  near  Green  River,  2i  miles  from  Island  Station.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Tensas  parish.  La, 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  New  Madrid  co,. 
Mo,,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  50  miles  by  land 
S.S.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post- village  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Manasquan  River,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch, 
and  1  mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  2  churches.  See  also 
Point  Pleasant,  Pa. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  limestone- 
quarry,  Ac.     General  U.  S.  Grant  was  born  here.     P.  137. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  village  in  Valley  township,  Guern- 
sey CO.,  0.,  near  Wills  Creek,  and  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg 
&  Cleveland  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Eastern  Ohio 
Railroad,  49  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  woollen-mill 
and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  238.  Here  is  Dyson's  Post-Office. 
Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Tinicum  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Bel- 
videre  Delaware  Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton,  and 


2187 


POL 


36  miles  N.  )(  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Its  station  is  in  New  Jersey. 

Point  Pleasant)  a  post-office  of  Bland  06.,  Va.,  25 
miles  W.  of  Dublin  Railroad  Station.  ' 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mason  co., 
W.  Va.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Kanawha  River,  80  miles  below  Parkersburg,  and  4  miles 
above  Gallipolis,  0.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery,  barrels,  flour,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1853. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  headland  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Bay  of  Quinte,  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario.  On  it  is  a 
light-house. 

Point  Prim,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  29  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Point  Raz,  France.     See  Bec-du-Raz. 

Point  Remove,  re-moov',  a  post-office  of  Faulkner 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little  Rock  & 
Fort  Smith  Railroad,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Point  Remove  Creek,  Arkansas,  drains  the  "W. 
part  of  Conway  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  from 
the  N.,  about  2  miles  above  Lewisburg. 

Point  Reyes,  ri'fis,  township,  Marin  co.  Gal.     P.  271. 

Point  Rock,  a  post-hp,mlet  of  Oneida  co.,   N.Y.,  in 
Lee  township,  13  miles  N.  of  Rome.     It  has  a  church  and 
a  cheese-factory. 
^K  Point  Romania,  ro-m&-nee'&,  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
^■le  Malay  Peninsula.     Lat.  1°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  16'  E. 
^V  Point  Sa'ble^  a  post-office  of  Mason  00.,  Mich. 
^V  Point  Saint  Charles,  a  suburb  of  Montreal.     It 
^Hmtains  the  head  offices  and  chief  workshops  of  the  Grand 
^^Brunk  Railway  Company. 

^p  Point  Saint  Ig^nace',  a  post-hamlet  of  Mackinac 
00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Strait  of  Mackinac,  40  miles  N.  of  Pe- 
toskey.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
^—^  Point  Saint  Pe'ter,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6   00., 
^Bnebec,  at  the  western  extremity  of  Oasp6  Bay.    Pop.  100. 
^K  Point  Sambar.     See  Cape  Sambar. 
^B  Point  Sapin,  sS,^peen',  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New 
^^■Tunswick,  near  the  entrance  to  Kouchibouguac  Bay,  28 
^^miles  from  Riohibucto.     Here  is  one  of  the  best  salmon- 
fisheries  in  the  province.     Pop.  250. 

Point  Trav'erse,  or  Long  Point,  a  post-village 

Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  17  miles  from  Picton. 

Point  Truth,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Point'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Wrightstown  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E. 
if  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Point  Wash'ington,  post-office,  "Washington  co.,  Fla. 

Point  Wolf,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New  Bruns- 

ok,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  35  miles  from  Penobsquis. 

Poir6,  pwi^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vend6e,  7  miles 

!.W.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  653. 

Poirino,  poi-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14 

liles  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  6391. 

Poischwitz,  poish'^its,   Ober,  o'b^r,    and   Nieder, 

le'd^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 

vernment  and  12  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1975. 

Poisdorf,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Poysdorp. 

Poissy,  pwis^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  and  on  the  railway  to  Rouen, 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Versailles.  Pop.  4677.  It  has  a  house 
correction,  and  a  cattle-market  for  the  supply  of  Paris. 

Poitiers,  or  Poictiers,  poi-teerz'  (Fr.  pron.  pwi^- 

k',  almost  pwiHe-i' ;  ano.  Limo'num  or  Lemo'num,  after- 
wards Pic'tavi),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Vienne,  on  the  Clain,  and  on  the  railway  to  Bordeaux, 
60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tours.  Pop.  31,692.  It  is  enclosed  by 
old  walls,  and  haa  several  old  churches,  a  castle,  an  acadimie 
universitaire,  a  college  (Q/Cie),'  Tiosp1t!!;tB7~tt  public  library 
of  25,000  volumes,  theatre,  botanic  garden,  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  lace,  hats,  gloves,  leather,  oil, 
&c.,  some  trade  in  corn,  wool,  and  wine,  and  3  annual  fairs. 
Poitiers,  anciently  the  capital  of  the  Pictones,  came  by  mar- 
riage into  the  possession  of  the  dukes  of  Normandy,  and 
was  for  three  centuries  attached  to  the  crown  of  England. 
It  was  the  scene  of  a  signal  victory,  gained  September  9, 
1356,  over  the  French  by  the  English  under  Edward  the 
Black  Prince,  who  captured  John,  King  of  France. 

Poiton,  or  Poictou,  poi-too'  (Fr.  pron.  pwi'too'),  a 
former  province  of  France,  now  divided  among  the  depart- 
ments of  Vienne,  Deux-SSvres,  Vendue,  Indre-et-Loire,  and 
Charente.     Capital,  Fontenay. 

Poix,  pw4,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2057. 

Poix,  a  town  of  France  in  Somme,  15  miles  S.B.  of 
Amiens.     Pop.  1194. 


Pojuaqne,  po-Hw&'ki,  a  post-office  of  Santa  F6  00^ 
New  Mexico. 

Po'kagon,  a  post-village  in  Pokagon  township,  Caaa 
CO.,  Mioh.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  6  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Niles,  and  41  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  ha« 
a  church,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-milL 
Pop.  228 ;  of  the  township,  1941. 

Pokeepsie,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.    See  Pougbkeefsib. 

Pokhurn',  a  walled  town  of  India,  state  and  SO  milei 
N.W.  of  Joodpoor.     Pop.  15,000. 

Pokono,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.     See  Pocono. 

Pokrov,  or  PokroAV,  pok-rov',  a  town  of  Rusaia, 
government  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vladimeer,  near  the 
Kliasma.     Pop.  2886. 

Pokrovskaia,  or  Pokrowskaja,  pok-rov-skl'^  a 
town  of  Russia,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga. 

Po^kur',  or  Push^kar',  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Ajmeer.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and 
is  noted  for  its  temples,  chief  of  which  is  one  to  Brahma, 
said  to  be  the  only  one  in  India.     Pop.  4334. 

P51,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  Poel. 

Pola,  po'14  (anc.  Po'la,  or  Pi'etas  Ju'lia),  a  maritime 
town  of  Austria-Hungary,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
peninsula  of  Istria,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rovigno.  Pop. 
10,473.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  on  the 
site  of  an  ancient  temple,  3  Greek  churches,  some  convents, 
and  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  Adriatic.  Under  the 
emperor  Septimius  Severus  it  had  a  population  of  30,000, 
and  contained  numerous  splendid  edifices,  while  its  port 
was  one  of  the  great  naval  stations  of  Rome.  Its  former 
magnificence  is  still  attested  by  a  fine  amphitheatre,  several 
temples,  and  other  remains. 

Pola,  po'li,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Pskov,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Lovat  9  miles  S.  of  Lake 
Ilmen.     Length,  120  miles. 

Pola  de  Lena,  po'li  di  Wnk,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Ast^irias,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1328. 

Pola  de  Siero,  po'li  di  se-i'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Asturias,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  2500. 

Polan,  po-14n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  about  10  miles  from  Toledo,  near  the  river  Tagut. 
Pop.  1747. 

Po'land  (Polish,  PoUka,  pol'ski,  meaning  "flat 
land;"  L.  Polo'nia;  Ger.  Polen,  po'l^n;  Fr.  Pologne, 
po^loB';  anc.  Sarmatia),  an  extensive  country  of  Central 
Europe,  which  existed  for  many  centuries  as  an  independ- 
ent and  powerful  state,  but,  having  fallen  a  prey  to  in- 
ternal dissensions,  was  violently  seized  by  Austria,  Prussia, 
and  Russia  as  a  common  spoil,  partitioned  among  these 
three  powers,  and  incorporated  with  their  dominions.  In 
its  greatest  prosperity  it  had  a  population  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  11,000,000  to  15,000,000,  and  an  area  of 
284,000  square  miles,  greater  than  that  of  France,  stretoh- 
ing  from  the  frontiers  of  Hungary  and  Turkey  to  the 
Baltic,  and  from  Germany  far  B.  into  Russia,  lat.  47*  to 
56°  N.,  Ion.  15°  to  32°  E.  The  territory  thus  marked  out 
formed  one  vast  and  remarkably  compact  kingdom,  divided 
into  Great  and  Little  Poland  on  the  W.,  Masovia  and  Pod- 
lachia  in  the  centre,  Volhynia,  Podolia,  and  the  Ukraine 
in  the  E.,  and  Lithuania  in  the  N.E. ;  the  principal  sub- 
division was  into  31  palatinates  and  starostys. 

The  most  characteristic  feature  of  the  surface  is  its  uni- 
formity. With  the  exception  of  the  Carpathians,  forming 
its  S.W.  boundary,  it  presents  an  almost  unbroken  plain, 
composed  partly  of  gently  waving  slopes,  partly  of  rich 
alluvial  flats,  partly  of  sandy  tracts,  and  partly  of  exten- 
sive morasses.  The  last  occupy  the  most  elevated  part  of 
the  interior,  and  consist  of  a  broad  belt  curving  irregularly 
in  a  N.E.  direction  from  the  Hungarian  frontiers  into 
Lithuania,  and  part  of  the  great  European  watershed,  the 
waters  on  the  one  side  of  it  flowing  N.  to  the  Baltic,  while 
those  on  the  other  side  flow  S.  to  the  Black  Sea.  Its  prin- 
cipal streams  are  the  Vistula,  with  its  tributaries  the  Wieprz, 
Bug,  and  Narew,  the  Warta  and  Prosna,  tributaries  of  the 
Oder,  the  Niemen,  and  the  Dwina,  all  belonging  to  the 
basin  of  the  Baltic;  and  the  Dniester,  South  Bug,  and 
Dnieper,  with  its  tributary  the  Pripets,  belonging  to  the 
basin  of  the  Black  Sea. 

The  country  is  admirably  adapted  to  agriculture,  and  has 
been  termed  the  granary  of  Europe.  Next  to  grain  and 
cattle,  its  most  important  product  is  timber.  The  minerals 
include  the  precious  metals  in  limited  quantity,  iron  in 
abundance  but  of  indifi°erent  quality,  and  salt,  chiefly  in 
Galicia,  where  its  mines  have  long  been  worked  on  a  very 
extensive  scale,  and  are,  to  all  appearance,  inexhaustible. 
Copper,  lead,  zino,  and  coal  are  also  found.  Little  progress 
has  been  made  either  in  manufactures  or  trade,  the  latter 


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being  mostly  in  the  hands  of  the  Jews,  who  are  more  nu- 
merous in  Poland  than  in  any  other  part  of  Europe.  The 
winter  of  Poland  is  almost  as  severe  as  that  of  Sweden. 
Thesummer  is  warm,  but  the  general  humidity  of  the  at- 
mosphere and  the  miasma  of  the  marshes  make  disease 
sometimes,  under  peculiar  forms,  very  prevalent. 

The  Poles  are  the  descendants  of  various  Slavic  tribes, 
who,  in  the  sixth  century,  having  proceeded  up  the  Dnieper, 
entered  the  basin  of  the  Vistula,  drove  out  the  Finns> — the 
original  inhabitants, — and  made  themselves  masters  of  the 
whole  country  from  the  Warta  eastward  and  around  the 
shores  of  the  Baltic.  As  a  race  they  i)Ossess  fine  physical 
forms,  and  are  strong,  active,  ardent,  and  daring.  Unfor- 
tunately, however,  these  original  qualities  of  the  race  have 
greatly  degenerated  in  the  mass  of  the  people,  who  have 
been  degraded  by  the  privileged  classes  into  mere  serfs. 
The  prevailing  religion  of  the  Poles  is  the  Roman  Catholic, 
but  since  the  Russians  became  masters  of  the  country  they 
have  labored  to  introduce  their  own  religious  system,  and 
are  also  aiming  at  the  extirpation  of  the  Polish  tongue  by 
discouraging  its  cultivation ;  and  not  only  is  Russian  in- 
troduced into  the  public  schools,  but  the  knowledge  of  it  is 
made  an  essential  requisite  for  office. 

Poland  was  first  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  kingdom  by 
Otho  III.,  Emperor  of  Germany,  when  Boleslaw  I.,  who 
had  been  acknowledged  chief  of  all  the  Poles  dwelling  be- 
tween the  Vistula  and  the  Warta,  became  its  sole  monarch. 
He  died  in  1025,  after  a  long  and  flourishing  reign,  and  the 
Piast  dynasty,  which  he  founded,  continued  for  nearly  four 
centuries.  Upon  the  death  of  Casimir,  in  1370,  the  male 
line  of  the  Piasts  became  extinct,  but  his  nephew,  Louis 
of  Hungary,  by  the  marriage  of  Hedwig,  his  youngest 
daughter,  with  Jagellon,  Duke  of  Lithuania,  united  that 
duchy  to  Poland,  and  the  kingdom  continued  to  flourish 
for  centuries  after.  The  first  actual  partition  took  place 
in  1772,  and  stripped  Poland  at  once  of  about  a  third  of 
her  whole  territory,  the  respective  shares  of  the  spoil  being 
—to  Prussia,  13,337,  Austria,  27,000,  and  Russia,  42,000 
square  miles.  A  second  partition  in  1793  gave  Prussia 
22,500  and  Russia  96,500  square  miles.  Another  partition 
took  place  in  1795,  and  the  last  king  of  Poland,  degraded 
into  a  pensionary  of  the  Russian  court,  died  at  St.  Peters- 
burg in  1798.  The  successive  partitions  gave  Austria 
45,000  square  miles,  with  5,000,000  inhabitants  j  Prussia, 
67,000  square  miles,  with  2,550,000  inhabitants ;  and  Rus- 
sia, 180,000  square  miles,  with  4,600,000  inhabitants. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  Russian  share  was  completely  in- 
corporated with  the  general  government,  and  ceased  to  re- 
tain any  distinctive  appellation  ;  the  remainder,  contain- 
ing about  49,000  square  miles,  was  erected  into  what  was 
called  the  Kingdom  of  Poland,  and  received  a  separate 
constitution  from  the  Emperor  Alexander;  but  the  Poles, 
taking  occasion  of  the  French  Revolution  of  1830,  rashly 
engaged  in  an  insurrection,  which  only  furnished  Russia 
with  a  pretext  for  riveting  their  chains.  The  name  King- 
dom of  Poland  is  still  given  to  that  portion  of  the  Russian 
territories,  but  the  country  is  now  treated  in  all  respects  as 
an  integral  part  of  the  Russian  Empire,  though  it  is  under 
a  special  governor-general.  It  is  bounded  N.  and  W.  by  the 
territories  of  Prussia,  E.  by  the  Russian  governments  of 
Bialystok,  Grodno,  and  Volhynia,  and  S.  by  Austrian 
Galicia.  It  is  divided  into  the  governments  of  Warsaw  (the 
eapital),  Kalisz,  Petrikau,  Radom,  Lublin,  Plock,  Kielce, 
Siedlec,  Lomza,  and  Suvalki,  has  an  area  of  54,356  square 
miles,  and  in  1872  had  a  population  of  6,528,017.  The 
Republic  of  Cracow,  also,  after  maintaining  a  feverish  ex- 
istence from  1815  to  1846,  was  seized  by  Austria  and  in- 
corporated with  her  kingdom  of  Galicia. Adj.  Po'lish; 

inhab.  Pole,  and  Po'lak  (now  obsolete). 

Po'land,  a  station  in  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Chester  and  Tamaroa,  6i  miles  E.  of  Chester. 

Poland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cass  town- 
ship, about  25  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Poland,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     P.  83. 

Poland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poland  township,  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me.,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Portland.  The  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  passes  through  the  E.  part  of  the  township, 
which  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mechanic  Falls.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2436. 

Poland,  or  Poland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poland 
township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  about  8  miles  E.N,E.  of  Jamestown. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Poland  Centre.  The  town- 
ship is  traversed  by  the  Conewango  Creek,  and  contains  a 
larger  village,  named  Kennedy.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1973. 

'Poland,  a  post- village  in  Russia  township,  Herkimer 
«o.,  N.Y.,  on  West  Canada  Creek,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Utiea. 


It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures 
of  axes,  leather,  sash,  doors,  furniture,  «fec.     Pop.  450. 

Poland,  a  post-village  in  Poland  township,  Mahoning 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  S.  of  Youngstown,  2i  miles  from  Struther's 
Station,  and  about  14  miles  W.  of  New  Castle,  Pa.  It  is 
mostly  in  Poland  township,  and  partly  in  Boardman.  It 
contains  a  bapk,  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  foundry,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-itw.  Pop.  453.  Coal  and  iron  are  found 
in  the  vicinity.  The  townn'  .p  is  intersected  bv  the  Maho 
ning  River  and  the  Ashtabula  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  Pop. 
2481.     It  contains  a  large  village,  named  Lowellville. 

Poland  Centre,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     See  Poland. 

Polangen,  po'Iing-^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland, 
on  the  Baltic,  42  miles  W.  of  Telsh.     Pop.  1414. 

Po'lar  Re'gions,  the  zones  included  within  the  Arc- 
tic and  Antarctic  Circles.  The  North  Polar  Regions  have 
obtained  an  interest  from  the  several  attempts  to  find  a 
passage  through,  either  from  the  N.E.  or  the  N.W.  The 
nearest  approach  to  the  North  Pole  was  by  Captain  Parry, 
who  reached  lat.  82°  45'  N.,  Ion.  19°  25'  E.  Captain  Cook 
penetrated  towards  the  South  Pole  as  far  as  lat.  67°  30'  S., 
Ion.  39°  E.,  and  to  lat.  71°  10'  S.  in  Ion.  110°  W.  Sir  James 
Ross  penetrated  to  lat.  78°  10'  S.  in  Ion.  170°  E.,  and  dis- 
covered Victoria  Land.    See  Arctic  and  Antarctic  Ocean. 

Polaun,  po'lSwn,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Prague.     Pop.  4311. 

Polcenigo,  pol-chi-nee'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Udine,  7  miles  N.  of  Sacile.     Pop.  4327. 

Polch,  polK,  or  PoUich,  pol'IiK,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  2529. 

Pole  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jiaramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Polen,  and  Pole,  Europe.    See  Poland. 

Poleocastro,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Policastro. 

Polesella,  po-li-sSl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Po,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  3574. 

Polesine,  po-li-see'ni  (L.  Polexi'num  Santivi'ti),  a 
village  of  Italy,  on  thePo,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Parma.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3264. 

Pole  Tavern,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pitts- 
grove  township,  1  mile  from  Newkirk  Station.  It  has  2 
stores.     Here  is  Pittsgrove  Post-Office. 

Poletown,  Brown  co.,  0.    See  Brownsville. 

Polia,  po'le-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro, 
S.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2580. 

Policandro,  pol-e-kin'dro  (ano.  Pholegan'droa),  an 
island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  16  miles  B.  of  Milo. 
Area,  20  square  miles.  On  its  N.  coast  is  a  village  of  the 
same  name.     Total  pop.  1038. 

Policastro,  po-le-kis'tro  (anc.  Pyx'ua,  afterwards 
Buxen'tum),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Policastro,  22  miles  S.  of  Diano.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  fishery. 

Policastro,  or  Poleocastro,  po-li-o-k8,s'tro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cotrone.   P.  5501. 

Police,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Politz. 

Policzka,  po-leech'ki,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  4414. 

Polignano,  po-Ieen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  26  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bari,  near  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  8564. 

Poligny,  poHeen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.  Pop.  4783.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  earthenware,  salt- 
petre, leather,  edge-tools,  wine,  oil,  Ac. 

Polillo,  po-lil'lo  or  po-leel'yo,  one  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  E.  of  Luzon.  Lat.  15° 
5'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  6'  E.  Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 
Soil  fertile.  In  its  centre  is  Mount  Malolo.  The  village 
of  Polillo  is  on  its  W.  side. 

Polistina,  po-lis-tee'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Palmi.     Pop.  9591. 

Politz,  po'lits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  9  miles 
N.  of  Stettin  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  3997. 

Politz,  or  Police,  po-leet'si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2387. 

Polizzi,  po-lit'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Pa- 
lermo, 17  miles  S.W.  of  Cefalii.     Pop.  6724. 

Polk,  pok,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  935  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Brushy 
Fork  of  the  Ouachita  River,  which  intersects  this  county, 
by  Saline  Bayou,  and  by  affluents  of  Cossatot  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  mill-stone  grit  under- 
lies part  of  it.  The  soil  produces  some  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Slate,  iron,  and  lead  are  said  to  be  found  in  this 
county.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  hickory,  white  oak, 
yellow  pine,  red  elm,  and  walnut.  Capital,  Dallas.  Pop 
in  1870,  3376;  in  1880,  5857;  in  1890,  9283. 

Polk,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 


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peninsula.  Ares,  about  2060  square  wiles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Kissimmee  Lake  and  Kissimmee  River,  and 
contains  several  lakes.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  Cattle,  maize,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  staplee.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South 
Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Bartow,  Pop.  in,  1870,  3169; 
in  1880,  3181;  in  1890,  7905. 

Polk)  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Euharlee  Creek  and  a  small  affluent  of  the 
Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  Slate  quarries  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  Georgia  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Cedartown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7822;  in  1880,  11,952;  in  1890,  U,946. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  S,  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  and  South  Skunk  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Raccoon  River  and  Beaver  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands,  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, the  Des  Moines,  Northern  &  Western  Railroad,  the 
Des  Moines  &  Kansas  City  Railroad,  and  other  railroads. 
Capital,  Des  Moines,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state. 
Pop.  in  1870,  27,857;  in  1880,  42,.395 ;  in  1890,  65,410. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Minnesota,  borders 
on  North  Dakota.  Area,  3030  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  and  is  intersected 
by  Red  Lake  River  and  Wild  Rice  River.  The  surface  is 
level  or  undulating,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The 
Red  River  flows  through  a  wide  and  fertile  valley.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Crookston.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,433;  in  1890,  30,192. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little 
Sac,  or  East  Fork  of  the  Sac  River.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  A  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  ash,  elm,  oak, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Among  its 
minerals  are  Lower  Silurian  limestone  and  lead.  It  is 
intersected  by  two  railroads.  Capital,  Bolivar.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,445;  in  1880,  15,734;  in  1890,  20,339. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  about  439  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River.     The  surface  is  undulating  or 
rly  level,  and  is  mostly  destitute  of  forest  trees.     The 

1  is  fertile.     The  staple  products  are  wheat,  Indian  corn, 

its,  and  grass  or  hay.     Capital,  Osceola.     Pop.  in  1870, 

6;  in  1880,  6846;  in  1890,  10,817. 

Folk,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  borders  on  South 
Carolina.  Area,  about  276  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Qreen  River.     The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 

irests.     Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
The  S.W.  corner  of  this  county  is  intersected  by  the 

ohmond  &  Danville  Railroad.    Capital,  Columbus.    Pop. 

1870,  4319;  in  1880,  6062;  in  1890,  5902. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an  area 
of  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Willamette  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Rickreal 
and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Yam  Hill  River.  The  Coast 
Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the  W.  border  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  mountains,  ver- 
dant hills,  and  large  forests  of  fir  and  ot'aer  trees.  The 
Willamette  Valley  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay, 
wool,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Dallas, 
"op.  in  1870,  4701;  in  1880,  6601;  in  1890,  7858. 

Polk,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Tennessee,  has 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the 

iawassee  and  Ocoee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  extensive  copper-mines.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Marietta  <fc  North  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Benton, 
which  is  situated  on  the  Ocoee  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 7369; 
in  1880,7269;  in  1890,  8361. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  E,  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
estimated  at  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Trinity  River,  and  also  drained  by  Sandy  and  other 

leks.    The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 


large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Houston,  East  <k  West 
Texas  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Livingston,  the  cap- 
ital.    Pop.  in  1870,  8707;  in  1880,  7189;  in  1890,  10,332. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  borders 
on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  955  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  also  drained  by  Apple 
River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  is  diversified  with  small 
lakes  and  extensive  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar-maple,  and 
other  trees.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Osceola  Mills.  Pop.  in  1870. 
3422;  in  1880,  10,018;  in  1890,  12,968. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  960. 
It  contains  part  of  Mt.  Etna. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1812. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  843. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  920. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Popw  1279. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1172. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Jeflferson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1096. 
It  contains  Abingdon. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  879. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  181. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  893. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  998. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  769. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  562- 

Polk,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1307. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Pop.  124S. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1453. 

Polk,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.     Pop.  957. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  320, 

Polk,  a  township  of  Nodaway  oo,,  Mo.  Pop,  3427.  It 
contains  Maryville, 

Polk,  a  township  of  Ray  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1368. 

Polk,  a  township  of  St,  Clair  co.,  Mo,     Pop.  316. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1415.  It 
contains  Milan. 

Polk,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Ashland  co., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  7i  miles 
N.E.  of  Ashland.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  4369.  It 
contains  Galion. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  256. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa,     Pop.  1076. 

Polk,  or  Wat'erloo,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.. 
Pa.,  in  French  Creek  township,  on  the  Franklin  Branch  of 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and 
35  families.     Here  is  Polk  Post-0fl5ce. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1756. 

Polk  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-oflBce  of  Sharpe  oo.,  Ark., 
18  miles  N.  of  Batesville. 

Polk  City,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Polk  City,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Polk  Patch,  Warrick  co.,  Ind.     See  TAYLORSViLLifc 

Polk  Run,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 

Polk  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pa- 
ducah. 

Polksville,  p5ks'vll,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  about 
75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.     Granite  abounds  here. 

Polktou,  pok'tpn,  township,  Ottawa  co.,  Mich,   P.  2416. 

Polktou,  a  post-village  in  Lanesborough  township, 
Anson  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  44  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  steam  saw-  and  grist-mills,  9  stores,  &o. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Polkville,  pSk'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Miss., 
about  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.    It  has  3  cburohee  near  it. 

Polkville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Portland,  Northampton  co..  Pa. 

Polkville,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.     See  Little  Utica. 

Polkville,  a  post-offlce  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 

Polkwitz,  polk'^its,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  20 
miles  N.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2142. 

Polla,  pol'li  (ano.  Fo'rum  Popi'lii),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  in  the  Val  di  Diano,  on  the  Tanagro, 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sala.  Pop.  6046.  It  has  manufactures 
of  sewing-silk,  woollen  cloths,  and  caps. 

PolMacas'ty  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into 
Meherrin  River  a  few  miles  above  Winion,  in  Hertford  co. 

Pol'lard,  a  post-village  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 


Vr^cri^  ■z^.uJuZ 


POL 


2190 


POL 


Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  64  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Ship-timber  is 
exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  389. 

Pollard)  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  Ark. 

Polle,  pol'l^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanoyer,  on  the 
Weser,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1164. 

Pollenza,  pol-lSnd'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  W.  of  Macerata.     Pop.  of  commune,  5342. 

Pollenza,  pol-lSn'z&  (anc.  PoUen'tia),  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Majorca,  on  its  N.  side,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Palma. 
Pop.  7486.  It  is  near  the  Bay  of  Pollenza,  and  has  a  hand- 
some church,  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  active  manufactures  of 
fine  black  woollen  cloth.  The  bay  is  formed  by  two  penin- 
sulas, called  Capes  Formentor  and  del  Pinar. 

Pollerskirchen,  pol'l^rs-kSSRK^^n,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, circle  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1180. 

Polleur,  poPlaR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1860. 

Pollica)  pol-lee'k^,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  14  miles  W.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  3246. 

Pollich,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Polch. 

Poiliua,  pol-lee'n&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Cefalii.     Pop.  1956. 

PollnoW)  poll'nov,  sometimes  written  Polino  and 
PolnO)  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Coslin.     Pop.  2460. 

Pol'lock)  a  village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Milan. 
It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  about  125. 

Pollock,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.    See  East  Parker. 

PolHockshaws',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
on  the  White  Cart,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  8921. 
It  has  a  neat  church,  a  town  hall,  and  a  branch  bank. 
Weaving  silk  and  cottons,  cotton  spinning  and  bleaching, 
calico-printing,  and  fancy  dyeing  are  carried  on.  The  Pol- 
lock &  Govan  Railway  connects  the  coal-fields,  3  miles  S.  of 
Glasgow,  with  that  city. 

Pol'locksville^  a  post-township  of  Jones  co.,  N.O.,  on 
the  Trent  River,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Newbern.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  general  stores. 

PoPlokshields',  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ren- 
frew, forming  a  S.W.  suburb  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  3314. 

Polloue,  pol-lo'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  No- 
vara,  near  Biella.     Pop.  of  commune,  1538. 

Pollutro,  pol-loo'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Chieti,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3327. 

Pol'mont,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Falkirk.     Pop.  455. 

Polna,  pol'ni,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Czaslau.     P.  5159,  employed  in  weaving  and  in  iron-mines. 

Polno,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Pollnow. 

Polo,  po'lo,  an  island  of  the  Philippines,  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Luzon.  Lat.  15°  N. ;  Ion. 
122°  20'  E. 

Po'lo,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark. 

Polo,  a  post-village  in  Buffalo  township.  Ogle  co..  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Freeport, 
and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dixon.  It  is  the  largest  village 
in  the  county.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school  with  500  scholars  in 
one  building,  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of  harvesters. 
Pop.  1805. 

Polo,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles  S.E. 
of  Wichita. 

Polo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.,  in  Grant 
township,  15  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
stores. 

Polochic,  po-lo-cheek',  a  riyer  of  Guatemala,  rises  in 
the  district  of  Coban,  flows  mostly  E.S.E.,  and  enters  the 
Golfo  Dulce.     Length,  120  miles. 

Polock,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Polotzk. 

Pologne,  or  Polonia.     See  Poland. 

Polonghera,  po-lon-gi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  1626. 

Polo'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  3  miles 
N.  of  Custer  Station,  which  is  7i  miles  E.  of  Stevens  Point. 
It  has  a  church. 

Polonka,  po-lon'k4,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Grodno,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Slonim.     Pop.  1530. 

Polonoe,  po-lo'no-i,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia, 
61  miles  W.  of  Zhitonieer.     Pop.  1760. 

Polop,  po-lop',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province 
and  N.B.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1537. 

Polopos,  po-lo'pooe,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
about  4  miles  from  Granada,  near  the  Mediterranean. 

Polotzk,  po-lotsk',  written  also  Polok,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  60  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vitebsk, 


on  the  Diina.  Pop.  11,928.  It  has  a  citadel,  numerous 
ancient  churches  and  monasteries,  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a 
school  for  nobles. 

Polpeuazze,  pol-pi-n&t'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Milan,  6  miles  S.  of  Salo.     Pop.  1174. 

Polper'ro,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  9) 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Liskeard.     Pop.  699. 

Pol'pis,  a  hamlet  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Nantucket,  Mass. 

Pols'grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  HI.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Mount  Carroll.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Polska,  the  Polish  name  of  Poland. 

Poltava,  pol-ti'v4,  also  written  Pultowa  and  Pul- 
tawa,  a  government  of  South  Russia,  between  lat.  48°  25' 
and  51°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  30°  45'  and  36°  40'  E.,  enclceed  by 
the  governments  of  Chernigov,  Koorsk,  Kharkov,  Yekateri- 
noslav,  Kherson,  and  Kiev,  from  which  last  two  the  Dnieper 
separates  it  on  the  W.  Area,  19,040  square  miles.  Pop. 
2,102,614.  The  surface  is  a  level  plain,  watered  by  the 
Soola,  Psiol,  and  Vorskla,  affluents  of  the  Dnieper.  The 
soil  is  excellent.  Hemp,  flax,  red  pepper,  tobacco,  and 
fruits  are  also  raised.  Live-stock  is  resyed  in  large  num'. 
hers,  and  honey  and  silk  are  important  |^Toducts.  Manu- 
factures have  latterly  made  some  progress,  and  linen,  wool- 
len, and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  and  candles  are  made. 

Poltava,  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Vorskla,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kharkov.  Pop. 
41,260.  It  stands  on  an  eminence,  and  is  enclosed  by 
planted  walks  on  the  site  of  its  former  ramparts.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  a  college,  a  convent,  and  3  large  annual  fairs. 
In  its  principal  square  is  a  monument  to  Peter  the  Great, 
who  here,  on  the  27th  of  June,  1709,  gained  a  decisive 
victory  over  Charles  XII. 

Polvadera,  or  La  Polvadera,  1&  pol-v&-di'r&,  a 
village  of  Socorro  co..  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  11 
miles  N.  of  Socorro.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wine-press. 

Folybotns,  the  ancient  name  of  Bulavadeen. 

Polyuesia,  pore-nee'she-a  (i.e.,  "many  islands"),  in- 
cludes the  multitude  of  islands  scattered  over  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  comprehends  a  belt  chiefly  within  30  degrees  on 
each  side  of  the  equator,  and  from  Ion.  135°  E.  to  135°  W. 
The  boundary  extends  S.  of  the  equator  to  lat.  47°  S.  The 
islands  are  distributed  into  numerous  groups,  having  a 
general  direction  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  The  principal  groups 
to  the  N.  of  the  equator  are  tlie  Pclew,  Ladrones,  Caroline, 
Riidack,  Ralick,  Marshall,  Gilbert,  and  Hawaiian  Islands, 
all  of  which,  except  the  last,  belong  to  what  is  called  Micro- 
nesia. S.  of  the  equator  are  the  Feejee,  Friendly,  Samoan, 
Solomon,  Society,  Marquesas,  Low  Archipelago,  Austral, 
Cook,  and  other  minor  groups,  besides  numerous  detached 
islands,  as  Easter  and  Pitcairn  Islands.  It  is  customary 
with  late  writers  to  exclude  Micronesia,  and  with  nearly  all 
to  exclude  Melanesia,  from  the  Polynesian  limits,  chiefly 
for  linguistic  and  ethnological  reasons.  With  the  exception 
of  Hawaii,  the  largest  island  of  Polynesiti,  the  most  con- 
siderable of  the  others  range  from  20  to  60  and  100  miles 
in  circumference.  These  islands  are  all,  more  or  less,  of 
coral  formation,  the  Low  Archipelago,  Society  Islands, 
Marshall,  and  Carolines  presenting  the  regular  atoll  form, 
with  circular  reefs  and  lagoons.  The  Friendly,  New  Heb- 
rides, Solomon,  and  Sandwich  Islands  present  fringed  reefs, 
and  have  active  volcanoes, — the  summits  of  the  mountains 
varying  from  2000  to  13,000  feet  in  height.  In  the  lower 
coral  islands  the  elevations  do  not  exceed  600  feet. 

The  temperature  of  Polynesia  is  comparatively  moderate, 
and  the  climate  is  delightful  and  salubrious.  Mean  annual 
temperature  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  77°  ;  temperature  of 
the  Society  Islands,  from  70°  to  80°,  and  rarely  90°  Fahren- 
heit. The  S.E.  tropical  wind  generally  prevails,  but  N.W. 
and  S.W.  winds  are  not  uncommon.  Thunder-storms  and 
waterspouts  are  common.  Hurricanes  are  rare,  and  earth- 
quakes slight  and  not  of  frequent  occurrence.  The  refresh- 
ing coolness  of  the  trade-winds,  and  a  regular  but  not  ex- 
cessive supply  of  moisture,  are  favorable  to  a  luxuriant 
vegetation.  There  are,  however,  many  uninhabited  islands, 
where  vegetation  is  scanty  and  the  water-supply  very  de- 
ficient. The  soil  in  the  valleys  and  in  the  river-courses  is 
often  a  rich  volcanic  mould  ;  on  the  mountains  it  is  less 
fertile.  The  bread-fruit,  native  to  this  region,  the  cocoa, 
banana,  plantain,  banyan,  sugar-cane,  yam,  cotton-plant, 
paper  mulberry,  etc.,  are  indigenous.  Other  trees  and 
plants  of  tropical  climates  flourish  ;  and  arrow-root,  sweet 
potatoes,  the  common  potato,  and  maize  are  abundant. 
There  are  several  species  of  timber-trees,  especially  sandal- 
wood, also  a  few  spices,  and  ornamental  flowers,  which,  how- 
ever, have  little  odor  or  decided  color.  Land  birds  are  not 
numerous,  owls,  paroquets,  pigeons,  and  some  paaaerinm 


POL 


2191 


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Jfe 

1 


forming  the  most  remarkable;  wild -ducks  and  other  water- 
fowls are  more  plentiful.  Turtles  resort  in  great  numbers 
to  many  localities,  and  fish  are  plentiful  on  the  coasts. 
Ooano  is  obtained  on  many  of  the  drier  islands. 

The  natives  of  Polynesia  are  in  general  a  well-formed, 
tall,  active,  and  intelligent  people.  They  consist  of  3  dis- 
tinct races,  apparently  of  Malay  affinities.  They  are  spread 
orer  all  the  central  and  E.  portion  of  Polynesia,  and  speak 
one  common  language,  varying  in  dialects  ;  but  in  Micro- 
nesia the  languages  are  of  a  distinct  character,  and  in  the 
S.W.  the  people  and  languages  approximate  to  the  Melane- 
•ian,  if  not  to  the  negrillo  type. 

Some  of  the  islands,  as  the  LiMlrones,  were  discovered  by 
Magellan  in  1521,  and  the  Mtcfqucsas  by  Mendafla  in  1595  ; 
bnt  it  was  not  till  1767  that  Wallis,  and  subsequently  Cook, 
explored  and  described  the  leading  islands  of  this  region. 
Soon  after  this,  missionaries  began  to  settle  here,  and,  after 
many  discouragements,  have  succeeded  in  promoting  Chris- 
tianity and  civilization  in  the  principal  islands ;  though 
aannibalism  still  prevails  in  some  groups.  The  population 
of  these  islands  varies  continually,  from  wars,  migrations, 
and  pestilence?  but  no  proper  data  exist  for  affording  even 
an  approximation  to  the  real  numbers.  Probably  the  popu- 
lation of  the  whole  of  Polynesia  in  its  widest  sense  does 
not  exceed  a  million  and  a  half.     (For  further  information 

see  the  individual  groups  and  islands.) Adj.  and  inhab. 

Polynesian,  pol-^-nee'she-an. 

Polziii)  polt-seen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  31 
miles  S.W.  of  Coslin.  Pop.  4473.  It  has  a  castle,  baths, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  and  tobacco. 

Pomabamba)  po-m&-b&m'b&,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  de- 
partment and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Chuquisaca. 
Pomarance^  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pomerance. 
Poinarape^   po-mi-r4'p4,   a   mountain-peak    of    the 
Andes,  in  Bolivia.     Lat.  18"^  8'  S.     Height,  21,700  feet. 

Poma'ria,  a  post-village  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Greenville  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Colum- 
bia.    It  has  an  academy  and  3  stores. 

Pomarico,  po-mi're-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Matera.     Pop.  5301. 

Poraaro,  po-m&'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Piacenza.     Pop.  2010. 

Pomata,  po-mi't4,  a  village  of  Bolivia,  97  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Paz,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca, 
13,040  feet  above  sea-level. 

Pomaz,  po'miz',  a  village  of  Hungary,  12  miles  N.  of 
Pesth.     Pop.  3185. 
Pomba  (pom'b4)  Bay^  one  of  the  finest  harbors  on 
le  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  lat.  12°  27'  S.,  Ion.  40°  25'  E.,  9 
iles  in  length,  by  6  miles  across. 
Pombal,  pom-b4l',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in   Estrema- 
dura,  near  the  Sora,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Leiria.     Pop.  4270. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  provincial  asylum,  manufactures  of 
hats,  and  large  weekly  markets. 

Pombal,  pom-bil',  a  town  of  Brasil,  state  and  140 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Pombal,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Pianco,  st.ate  and 
250  miles  W.  of  Parahiba.     Pop.  4000. 

Pombeiro,  pom-b4'e-ro,  a  town  and  parish  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Beira,  near  Cea.     Pop.  1130. 

Pombia^  pom'be-4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  near  Borgo  Ticino.     Pop.  1109. 

Pomerance,  po-mi-rin'oha,  Pomarance,  po-m4- 
rin'chi,  or  Kipomorance,  re-po-mo-rin'chA,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Pisa,  in  the  Maremma,  7  miles  S.  of 
Volterra.     Pop.  of  commune,  7314. 

Pomerania,  pom-e-ri'ne-a  {i.e.,  "  upon  the  sea ;"  Ger. 
Pommern,  pom'm^m),  a  province  of  Prussia,  mostly  N.  of 
lat.  53°  N.,  and  stretching  along  the  Baltic  from  Ion.  12° 
30'  to  18°  E.,  having  landward  the  provinces  of  West  Prussia 
and  Brandenburg,  and  Mecklenburg.  Area,  11,629  square 
miles.  Pop.  (1890)  1,520,889,  chiefly  Protestants.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  in  many  parts  marshy.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Oder,  Persante,  and  Stolpe, — the  Oder  di- 
viding it  into  two  parts,  known  as  Hinterpommern  and  Vor- 
pommern,  i.e..  Farther  and  Hither  Pomerania,  the  former 
of  which  is  W.  of  the  river.  The  coasts  are  low,  sandy, 
defended  by  dikes,  and  bordered  by  numerous  inlets.  The 
island  of  Riigen  is  comprised  in  the  province.  The  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat,  barley,  rye,  oats,  potatoes,  flax,  hemp, 
and  tobacco.  Agriculture  and  the  rearing  of  cattle  and 
poultry,  ship-building,  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
stuffs,  iron  and  glass  wares,  tanning,  brewing,  and  distill- 
ing, are  the  principal  branches  of  industry.  The  salmon- 
and  sturgeon-fisheries  are  very  productive,  and  smoked 
geese  are  important  articles  of  trivdo.  The  province  con- 
sists of  the  governments  of  Stettin,  Stralsund,  and  Coslin. 


Pomeraug  (pom-e-rawg')  River,  Connecticut,  rise* 
in  Litchfield  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Hocsatonio 
River  in  the  W.  part  of  New  Haven  co. 

Pom^eroon',  the  northernmost  river  of  British  Guiana, 
enters  the  Atlantic  40  miles  N.W.  of  the  estuary  of  th« 
Essequibo. 

Pom'eroy,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  0  miles 
N.W.  of  Dungannon.     Pop.  526. 

Pomeroy,  ptim'^-roi,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  26  miles  W. 
of  Fort  Dodge.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office. 

Pomeroy,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Leav  • 
enworth  with  Kansas  City,  13^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leaven- 
worth.   It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  135. 

Pomeroy,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Meigs  co.,0.,  is  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  66  miles  below  Parkersburg,  and  18  miles 
above  Gallipolis.  By  land  it  is  nearly  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Marietta,  and  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  Its  site  is  a 
narrow  strip  of  land  which  is  enclosed  between  the  river 
and  a  range  of  rugged  and  precipitous  hills.  Pomeroy  con- 
tains 11  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  printing- 
offices  issuing  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  6  salt- 
fnrnaces,  2  iron-foundries,  a  rolling-mill,  2  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  machinery,  bromine,  Ac.  Its  prosperity 
is  chiefly  derived  from  the  manufacture  of  salt  and  opera- 
tions in  coal,  which  is  mined  here.  A  capital  of  about 
$750,000  is  invested  here  in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  which 
is  obtained  by  boring  deeply  into  the  earth.  Pop.  in  1890, 
4726. 

Pomeroy,  a  post-village  in  Sadsbury  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of 
Philadelphia.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Delaware 
Western  Railroad.  It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  woollen- 
factory. 

Pomeroy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Garfield  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 60  miles  E.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Pomeroy  Peak,  Wyoming,  is  a  high  mountain  in 
the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  near  the  Yellowstone 
Lake,  one  of  a  number  of  seemingly  huge  volcanic  cones 
composed  of  compact  trachyte. 

Pomfret,  a  town  of  England.     See  Pontbpract. 

Pom'fret,  a  post-village  in  Pomfret  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Putnam,  about  26  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Norwich,  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantio.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Quinebaug  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad. 
It  is  celebrated  as  containing  the  cave  in  which  Gen.  Putnam 
killed  a  wolf.  Pop.  1488.  Pomfret  Station  is  at  Pomfret 
Centre. 

Pomfret,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Erie.     Pop.  4493.     It  contains  Fredonia,  Laona,  Ac. 

Pomfret,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pomfret  township,  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  The  township 
has  a  hilly  surface  and  a  fertile  soil,  and  contains  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1251. 

Pomfret  Centre,  a  post- village  in  Pomfret  township, 
Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad,  at  Pomfret  Station,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Pomfret  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pomfret  town- 
ship, Windham  co.,  Conn,,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Pomigliano  d'Arco,  po-meel-y&'no  dan'ko,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Naples,  with  2  hand- 
some churches,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  10,045. 

Pomme  de  Terre,  pom  d^h  tair,  a  river  of  Minne- 
sota, rises  in  Grant  co.,  runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of 
Stevens  and  Swift,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River  about 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Appleton.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Pomme  de  Terre,  a  post-hamletof  Grant  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Alexandria.     It  has  a  grist-mill.  , 

Pomme  de  Terre  River,  Missouri,  drains  part  of 
Greene  co.,  runs  nearly  northward  through  the  cos.  of  Polk 
and  Hickory,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  5  or  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.     It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Pommern,  a  province  of  Prussia.    See  Pomerania. 

PommertenI,  pom^m^h-rul',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Ilainaut,  on  the  Haino,  11  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2390. 

Po'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Pomo'na,  or  ittain'iand,  the  largest  of  the  Orkney 
Islands,  and  nearly  in  their  centre.  Its  shape  is  very 
irregular,  and  it  is  divided  by  bays  into  two  portions,  re- 
spectively 16  and  9  miles  in  length,  breadth  varying  to  7i 
miles.    Total  area,  150  square  miles.    Pop.  36,084      It  haa 


POM 


2192 


PON 


■everal  good  harbors ;  and  that  of  Stromness  is  the  best  in 
North  Scotland.  The  towns  of  Kirkwall  and  Stromness 
are  respectively  on  its  E.  and  S.W.  coasts. 

Pomo^na^  a  po8t-o£5oe  and  station  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  (Yuma  division),  33 
miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Pomona^  a. post- village  of  Jaekson  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  46  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a 
church,  aigrist-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Pomona,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  W.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  steam  flouring-mill.   P.  259. 
Pomona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  4  miles  S;  of 
Chegtertown.     It  has  a  church. 

Pomona,  a  station  of  the  Camden  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Absecon,  N.J. 

Pomona,  a  post-office  of  Rookland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New- Jersey  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  36  miles  N^  o£  New 
York. 

Pomona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Cumberland  Mountain,  54  miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville. 
Pomona,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 
Pomonkey,  po-mung'kee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co., 
Md,,  about  42  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Pomorzany,  po-moR-z&'nee,  a  town  of  Austrian  Gali- 
cia,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  3672. 

Pompadour,  p6M^p4MooR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cor- 
rSze,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle,  with  a  national  stud,  and  a 
chateau  given  by  Louis  XV.  to  Madame  de  I'Etoile,  whence 
ehe  took  the  title  of  Marquise  de  Pompadour. 

Pom^panoo'suc,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Norwich  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River 
Junction.  Copperas  (sulphate  of  iron)  is  exported  from 
this  place. 

Pompeii,  pom-pi'yee,  an  ancient  city  of  Italy,  near 
the  sea,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Naples.  In  the  year  79 
A.D.  it  was  overwhelmed,  together  with  Herculaneum  and 
eorae  other  towns,  by  an  eruption  of  Vesuvius,  from  the 
crater  of  which  it  is  distant  about  5  miles.  For  more 
than  sixteen  centuries  its  existence  appeared  to  be  un- 
known and  its  name  almost  forgotten.  But  in  1748  some 
peasants  employed  in  cutting  a  ditch  met  with  the  ruins  of 
Pompeii,  which  soon  became  an  object  of  attention.  Ex- 
cavations were  commenced  in  1755,  and  have  been  con- 
tinued to  the  present  time.  It  appears  that  the  city  was 
enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by  several  gates,  and  had  nu- 
merous streets  paved  with  lava,  low,  terraced  houses  of 
one  story,  with  shops,  and  shop-signs  still  plainly  visible, 
several  mansions  of  a  superior  order,  a  cnalcidicum,  or 
market-place,  2  theatres,  temples,  baths,  &o.  Not  only 
Btatues,  medals,  jewels,  and  nearly  every  kind  of  house- 
hold furniture  have  been  found  almost  unaltered,  but  even 
books  and  paintings  may  be  seen,  far  less  injured  than 
might  have  been  supposed,  when  we  take  into  considera- 
tion the  violent  catastrophe  which  destroyed  the  town  and 
the  subsequent  lapse  of  so  many  ages.  Pompeii  not  having 
been  buried  by  lava,  but  with  tufa,  ashes,  and  scoriae,  the 
excavations  are  much  more  easily  efiFeoted  here  than  at 
Herculaneum.  Many  of  the  smaller  objects,  statues,  urns, 
utensils,  and  manuscripts,  have  been  deposited  in  the 
Museo  Nazionale  of  Naples,  the  palace  of  Portici,  and  the 
local  museum. 

Pompeii,  pom-pi'yee  (local  pron.  pom'pe-i),  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  S.  of  Ithaca.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 
Pompeiopolis,  or  Pompelon.  See  Pamplona. 
Pompey,  pom'pee,  or  Pompey  Hill,  a  post-village 
In  Pompey  township,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  high  ridge, 
about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  4  churches 
and  an  academy.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Pompey. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Syracuse  &  Chenango 
Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Belphi,  a  hamlet 
named  Oran,  and  %  pop.  of  3342. 

Pompey  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pompey  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  a  church. 

Pompey  Smash,  a  mining-village  of  Alleghany  co., 
Md.,  3  miles  from  Frostburg.     Coal  is  mined  here.    P.  635. 
Pompiany,  or  Pompiani,  pom-pe-i'nee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Vilna,  13  miles  N.  of  Poneviezh.     Pop.  1500. 

Pomponesco,  pom-po-nfis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy, prov- 
ince of  Mantua,  3  miles  E.  of  Viadana,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  1834. 

Pomptinae  Paludes,  Italy.    See  Pontine  Marshes. 

Pomp'ton,  a  post-village  in  Pompton  township,  Pas- 

Baic  CO.,  N.J.,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Pequannock  Creek 

and  Ringwood  River,  which  form  the  Pompton,  on  the 


New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Mont- 
clair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pater- 
son,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  contains  Bloomingdale  village,  and  has  man- 
ufactures of  iron,  car-springs,  and  files.     Pop.  1840. 

Pompton  Plains,  apost-hamlet  in  Pequannock  town- 
ship, Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark,  and  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  church. 

Pompton  River,  New  Jersey,  is  formed  by  the  Ring- 
wood  River  and  Pequannock  Creek,  which  unite  near  Pomp 
ton.  It  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Passaic  River  about 
6  miles  above  Paterson. 

Pomquet  (pou^ki')  Chapel,  a  post-village  in  An 
tigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  44  miles 
from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

Pomquet  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antigonish  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  45  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  400. 

Pomuk,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Nepomuck. 

Ponagan'sett,  a  village  in  Scituate  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  6  miles  from  Hope,  and  13  miles  from  Provi 
dence.     It  has  some  manufactures.     Pop.  134. 

Ponany,  po-ni'nee,  a  town  and  seaport  of  India,  Mala- 
bar district,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ponany  River,  38  miles 
S.E.  of  Calicut.  Its  population  is  mostly  of  Arab  descent, 
and  it  has  numerous  mosques.  It  exports  teak,  cocoa-nuta, 
iron,  and  rice.     Pop.  11,472. 

Ponany  River,  of  Indiay  traverses  the  Palghaut  Pass, 
to  within  15  miles  of  which  it  is  navigable  in  the  rainy 
season.     Total  course,  from  E.  to  W.,  100  miles. 

Ponapi,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Pouinipetb. 

Ponarutty,  a  town  of  India.    See  Poonrutty. 

Pon'ca,  or  Pon'ka,  a  small  river,  rises  in  theS.  part 
of  South  Dakota,  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction  through 
Gregory  and  Todd  cos.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  about  14 
miles  above  Niobrara,  Neb. 

Pon'ca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  is 
about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  2  miles 
from  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  3 
churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.    Pop.  (1890)  1009. 

Pon'ca  Agency,  near  Fort  Randall,  Todd  oo.,  S.D., 
is  on  the  Missouri  River,  40  miles  above  Y.ankton. 

Ponce,  pon'si,  a  town  of  Porto  Rico,  li  miles  N.  of 
the  S.  coast  of  the  island.  It  has  a  tolerable  roadstead,  and 
on  the  beach  stand  the  custom-house  and  warehouses.  The 
town  is  built  of  wood,  but  has  good  public  edifices  and  a  large 
export  trade  in  sugar,  coff'ce,  and  molasses,  with  some  cot- 
ton and  tobacco.  Pop.  18,000.  It  has  gas-worka  and  a 
hospital,  and  is  capital  of  the  province  of  Ponce. 

PonVean'nah,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Ponce  de  Leon,  pdnss  d^h  le'dn  (Sp.  pron.  pin'th& 
di  li-6n'),  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  about  90  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pensacola. 

Ponce  de  Leon  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Monroe  CO.,  Fla.  It  contains  a  group  of  islets  known  as  the 
Thousand  Islands. 

Ponchatoula,  pon^sha-too'la,  a  post-village  of  Tangi- 
pahoa parish.  La.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches.    Here  are  forests  of  magnolia,  Ac.     Pop.  320. 

Pon'cho  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  Saguache 
Mountains,  near  the  Poncho  Pass,  runs  nearly  northward, 
and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Fremont  co.,  about  25 
miles  above  Canon  City. 

Poncho  (or  Pun'cho)  Pass,  Colorado,  is  near  lat. 
38°  30'  N.,  and  is  a  depression  in  the  main  or  Snowy 
Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  leads  from  the  valley 
of  the  Arkansas  into  the  N.  part  of  San  Luis  Park.  Itt 
altitude  is  said  to  be  8600  feet. 

Poncho  (or  Puncho)  Springs,  a  post-villago  of 
ChaflFee  oo.,  Col.,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  CaSon  City.  It  is 
near  the  Poncho  Pass.     It  has  a  church. 

Pond,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Pond  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  111. 

Pond  Creek,  a  village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  about  17 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pond  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.   Pop.  882. 

Pond  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Pond  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  from  Brenham.  It  has  a  store,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Pond  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind. 

Pond  Ed'dy,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  99  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  Pond  Eddy  Station  is 
across  the  river,  in  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  at  Crescent. 


II 


PON 


2193 


PON 


Fonderano,pon-di-r&'no,  a  village  ofi  Italy^  province 
of  Turin,  and  near  Biella.     Pop.  1+76. 

Pond  Fork)  a  post-office  of  Jaoi<8on  oo.,  Ga. 

Pond  Pork)  a  post-office  of  Jacksun  oo<,  Ky. 

Pondicherry,  pon'de-shfir'ree  (Fr.  Pondich4ri/,fOv''- 
dee^sbiVoo'),  sometimes  called  Pututsheri,  a  maritime 
town  and  the  capital  of  the  French  settlements  in  India, 
on  the  Coromandel  coast,  83  miles  SJ5.W.  of  Madras.  Lat. 
11'  55'  N. ;  Ion.  79'  49<  E.  It  stands  on  a  sandy  plain,  and 
is  divided  by  a  canal  into  a  European  and  a  native  town. 
It  is  enclosed  by  planted  boulevards,  and  in  its  centre  is  a 
handsome  square,  in  which  are  the  government  house,  Ac. 
It  has  a  European  college,  an  Indian  sehool,  a  botanic  gar- 
den, and  the  high  court  for  the  French  possessions  in  India. 
It  has  no  port,  but  only  an  open  roadstead,  with  a  light- 
house. The  territory  around  the  town,  5  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.,  by  4  miles  in  breadth,  is  partly  watered  by 
the  Qingee  River.  Some  rice,  indigo,  tobacco,  betel,  cotton, 
and  cocoa-nuts  are  raised,  which,  with  gninees,  or  fine  cot- 
ion  cloths  dyed  blue,  India  handkerchiefs,  and  cotton  yarn, 
form  the  chief  exports.  Pop.  of  the  territory,  135,286 ;  of 
the  town,  4;i,341. 

Pond  Island)  at  the  entrance  of  Kennebec  River,  Me. 
On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  52  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lat.  43°  42'  N.;  Ion.  69°  44'  W. 

Pond  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Todd  co.,  runs  north- 
ward, forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  and  en- 
ters Green  River  5  miles  \V.  of  Calhoun.    Length,  60  miles. 

Pond  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Nile 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  below  Portsmonth. 
Here  is  a  quarry  of  freestone. 

Pond^s  Gap)  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton. 

~ond  Spring)  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Qa. 
ond  Spring)  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex. 
ond  TowH)  a  post-haralet  of  Miller  co.,  Ga.,  16  miles 
from  Bainbridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Pond'ville)  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala. 

PondviilC)  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Auburn 
township.     It  has  a  satinet-factory. 

Fondville)  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn. 

Pondville)  a  hamlet  in  New  Fane  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Poneviezh)  or  Poneviej)  po-ni-ve-fizh',  written 
also  Poneviesch)  a  town  of  Russia,  government  ofTSovno, 
84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Niemen. 
Pop.  7224. 

Po'ney  Hol'loW)  a  post-hamlet  in  Newfield  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It 
has  2  lumber-mills. 

Ponferrada)  pon-ffiR-ni'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  47  miles  W.  of  Leon.     Pop.  2400. 

Pong)  or  Bong)  the  northernmost  province  of  the  Bur- 
mese dominions,  between  lat.  26°  and  27°  N.  and  Ion.  96° 
and  99°  E.,  having  E.  China,  N.  Thibet,  and  W.  Upper 
Assam.     Chief  town,  Moonkhom. 

Pongd)  pong'gi,  a  maritime  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  N.  of  the  island  of 
Junk-Ceylon.     Lat.  8°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  17'  E. 

PongaS)  pong'gis,  or  PongO)  pong'go,  a  river  of 
Senegambia,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion.  14° 
W.     Between  its  mouths  are  the  Pongas  Islands. 

Pong-HoU)  or  Pescadores.     See  Pheng-Hoo. 

Ponikla,  po-nik'li,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Bidschow,  on  the  Iser.     Pop.  1800. 

Ponkapoak,  punk'a-pok,  or  Ponkapog)  punk'a- 
p5g,  a  post-haiulet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  13  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Boston.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  Cardigan  jackets. 
The  post-office  name  is  Ponkapog. 

Ponka  River)  South  Dakota.     See  PonIja. 

Ponola)  Mississippi.     See  Panola. 

Ponon'a)  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
W.  of  Lemars. 

PonorgO)  po-noR'go,  a  town  of  Java,  92  miles  S.E.  of 
Samarang. 

Pong)  P6NO/  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf^rieure, 
on  the  Seugne,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saintes.  Pop.  3440.  Jt 
consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  has  an  old  castle,  2 
churches,  tanneries,  stone-quarries,  and  an  active  trade  in 
wines  and  brandy. 

PonsaccO)  pon-sik'ko,  formerly  Ponte  di  SaocO) 
pon'ti  dee  sik'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa, 
Pop.  3110. 

Pons  iXllii.    See  Nbwcastlb-upon-Tvnb. 

Pont  (i.e.,  "bridge"),  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numer- 
•ns  towns  and  villages  of  France.    See  Ponte  and  Puente. 


PontaC)  p6]ii"^tAk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Baasei-  PyrA- 
n6e«,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  2198. 

Pontvik-Celies,  p^Ht-i-silf,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Namur,  with  a  station  on  the  Bmseels  A,  Namur  Railway, 
N.W.  of  Charloroi. 

Ponta  Del  gada).pon'tidAI-gi'di;  improperly  written 
Ponte  DelgadO)  the  largest  town,  though  not  the  capi- 
tal, of  the  Aeores.  Iilandi,  on  the  island  of  Sio  Miguel.  Lat, 
37°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  36'  W.  Pop.  15,885.  It  is  a  well-bnilt 
town,  defended  on  the  seaside  W.  by  the  castle  of  St.  Braz, 
and  about  3  miles  to  the  E.  by  the  forts  of  SJo  Pedro  and 
Rosto  de  CSo.  The  prinoipal  buildings  are  6  ohnrchee,  a 
cathedral,  8  monasteries,  a  convent,  and  a  neat  English 
chapel.  The  anohorage  in  the  roadstead  has  been  much 
improved  by  the  construction  of  a  breakwater>  and  the  trade 
is  considerable.  The  chief  exports  are  wheat,  maize,  and 
oranges,  and  the  imports  cotton  and  silk  tissues,  bard- 
wares,  Jcc. 

Ponta  de  Pedras,  pon'ti  d4  pi'dris,  in  Brazil,  .itate 
of  Pard,  is  a  projecting  point  on  the  Rio  Negro,  where  the 
rooks  form  curious  corridors  and  chambers. 

Pontadera,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Pontedbra. 

Ponta  do  CajU)  pon't&  do  ki-zhoo',  a  sandy  promon- 
tory of  Brazil,  which  projects  into  the  Bay  of  Rio,  about  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Pontaillef)  pdw^tAh^yi'  or  p6»i»H4Py4',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Cfite-d'Or,  on  an  island  in  the  Sa6ne,  17  miles 
E.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1216. 

Pontaipret)  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Caubodia. 

Pontal)  pon-tir,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz, 
near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Tocantins. 

Pont-^-MoussoU)  pftNt-i-moos'sAu*',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nancy, 
on  the  Moselle.  Pop.  9904.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
blast-furnaces,  tanneries,  oil-mills,  and  potteries. 

Pontarlier)  p6N»HanMe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs, 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Besan^on,  at  the  entrance  of.  a  mountain- 
pass  into  Switzerland.  Pop.  5163.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  10  saw-mills,  5  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese,  absinthe,  nails,  <fcc. 

PontassievC)  pon-t4s-se-i'vi,  or  Ponte-a-Sievej 
pon'ti-i-se-4'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  E.  of  Florenoe, 
on  the  Sieve.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,192. 

Pont-Audemer,  piNt-o^d^h-main',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Euro,  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Evreux,  on  the  Rille.  It 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  cotton,  paper,  hardware,  Ac, 
and  a  large  trade  in  leather,  grain,  and  cloth.     Pop.  6182. 

Pont-Aven)  p6Nt-8,V6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tSre,  with  a  port  on  the  small  river  Aven,  9  miles  W.  of 
Quimperie.     Pop.  1030. 

Ponta  Verde)  pon'ti  vSa'di  {i.e.,  "Green  Point"),  or 
Ponta  de  Jaragua)  pon'ti  di  zhi-ri'gwi,  a  promon- 
tory of  Brazil,  state  of  Alagoas,  having  the  port  of  Pajus- 
sara  on  its  N.  and  that  of  Jaragua  on  its  S.  side. 

Pontcharrd)  pdNo^shia^Ri',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Is6re,  arrondissoment  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  1289.  Near  it  is 
a  ruined  castle,  the  birthplace  of  Chevalier  Bayard. 

Pontchartraiu  (ponVhar-tran')  LakO)  Louisiana,  is 
about  6  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of 
Lake  Maurepas,  with  which  it  is  connected.  It  is  40  miles 
long  and  25  miles  wide.  It  is  navigable  by  steamboats, 
which  pass  from  this  lake  through  the  Rigolets  into  Lake 
Borgne  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  connected  with  the 
Mississippi  by  a  canal  which  extends  to  New  Orleans. 

Pont  Ch&teaU)  pds"  shiH5',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  841. 

Pont  CiiateaU)  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Que- 
bec, 5  miles  from  Coteau  Station.  It  contains  a  tannery 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  120. 

PontchV)  pino'shee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy. 
Pop.  1099. 

Pont-CroiX)  p6N"-kRwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
t&re,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quimper,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea. 

Pont'd'Ain)  p6N»-diNa',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Bourg,  on  the  Ain.     Pop.  1486. 

Pont  d'Armentera)  pont  daR-min-ti'ri,  a  village 
of  Spain,  province  and  N.N.E.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1180. 

Pont-de-Beauvoi8in,p6N»-d9h-b6Vwi'zAN»',atown 
of  France,  in  Isdre,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Tour  du  Pin,  on 
the  Guiers.     Pop.  1873. 

Pont-de-BellegardC)  piNo-d^h-bSlPgand',  a  hamlet 
of  France,  in  Ain,  arrondissoment  of  Nantua,  with  a  cus- 
tom-house.    Near  it  is  the  celebrated  Perte  du  Rh6ne. 

Pont-de-Camar^8)  France.    See  Cahar^s. 

Pont-de-PArchC)  pdN^-d^h-laRsh,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Eure,  7  miles  N.  of  Louviers,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  the 
railway  to  Rouen.     Pop.  1643. 


PON 


2194 


PON 


1 


PoiU  de  Maskinonge,  mas'ke-nonj',  or  Maski- 
uunge  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Maski- 
nonge,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  27  miles  above 
Three  Rivers.  It  has  4  stores,  and  saw-,  grist-,  and  card- 
ing-mills.     Pop.  350. 

Pont-de-Roide,  p6N»-d9h-Bw4d,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Doubs,  on  the  Doubs,  11  miles  S.  of  Montb61iard.  It 
has  a  oopper-foundry,  a  blast  furnace,  and  manufactures 
of  steel,  hardware,  &c.     Pop.  2363. 

Pont-de-Vaux,  p6N»-d§h-vo,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ain,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Bourg,  on  the  Reyssouse.  Pop. 
2910.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware,  cotton  goods, 
leather,  oil,  and  ropes. 

Pont-de-Veyie,  pijj<»-d§h-vail,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ain,  17  miles  \Y.  of  Bourg,  on  the  Veyle.     Pop.  1412. 

Pont-du-Chateau,p6No-dU-shaHo',atown  of  France, 
in  Puy-de-D6me,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand,  on 
the  Allier.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  distillery,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  cordage.     Pop.  3428. 

Pont-du-Gard,  France.     See  Mmes. 

Ponte,  pon'ti  (from  the  Latin  Pons),  a  word  in  Italian 
and  Portuguese  signifying  a  "  bridge,"  forming  part  of 
numerous  names  in  the  S.  of  Europe. 

Ponte,  pon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  N.  of  Turin, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Orca  and  Saona.     Pop.  4560. 

Ponte,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Sondrio,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Adda.     Pop.  3055. 

Ponte  all'  Oglio,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Pontoglio. 

Ponte-a-Sieve,  Italy.     See  Pontassieve. 

Ponteba,  pon-t^'b&,  or  Pontebba,  pon-tdb'b&,  a 
Tillage  of  Italy,  31  miles  N.  of  Udine.     Pop.  1990. 

Pontecorvo,  pon-ti-koK'vo  (anc.  Fregel'Imf),  a  town 
of  Italy,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Qarigliano.  Pop,  10,754.  It  has  a  castle  and  a  cathe- 
dral. Bernadotte  received  from  Napoleon  the  title  of 
Prince  of  Pontecorvo. 

Ponte  Curone,  pon'ti  koo-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Alessandria,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Tortona,  on  the  Curone. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3006. 

Ponte  de  Barca,  pon'ti  di  baR'ki,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Minho,  on  the  Lima,  near  Ponte  de  Lima. 

Ponte  Delgado,  Azores.     See  Ponta  Delgada. 

Ponte  de  liima,  pon'ti  di  lee'mi,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Minho,  on  the  Lima,  13  miles  N.W.  of 
Braga.     Pop.  2064. 

Ponte  delP  OIlio,  pon'ti  d411  ol'le-o,  a  town  of 
Italy,  15  miles  S.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Nura.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 3856. 

Ponte  de  Pinheiro,  pon'ti  dipeen-yi'e-ro,  a  village 
of  Brazil,  state  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the 
Macacu  River. 

Pontedera,  pon-ti-di'r4,  Pontedra,  pon-ti'drl,  or 
Pontadera,  pon-ti-di'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pisa,  on  the  Era,  at  its  confluence  with 
the  Arno.     Pop.  10,817,  who  manufacture  cotton  fabrics. 

Ponte  di  Legno,  pon'ti  dee  Ifin'yo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo. 

Ponte  di  Sacco,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ponsacco. 

Ponte  do  Rio  Verde,  pon'ti  do  ree'o  vfiR'di,  a  vil- 
lage and  parish  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Campanha,  on  the  Rio  Verde. 

Ponte  do  Soro,  pon'ti  do  so'ro,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Estremadura,  on  the  Soro,  16.  miles  S.E.  of 
Abrantes.     Pop.  2196. 

Pontedra,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Pontbdera. 

Pontefract,  pom'fr^t  (L.  Pons  Fractua,  i.e.,  "broken 
bridge"),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  on 
the  Aire,  and  on  the  Yorkshire  <fc  Lancashire  Railway,  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  York.  Pop.  5350.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  town  hall,  with  a  jail  and  court-house,  the  market- 
cross,  a  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  other  chapels,  a 
grammar-school  and  several  other  schools,  and  almshouses. 
The  famous  castle  of  Pomfret,  in  which  Richard  II.  died, 
and  where  Rivers,  Grey,  and  Vaughan  were  put  to  death 
by  order  of  Richard  III.,  is  now  in  ruins.  The  town  has 
several  public  libraries  and  news-rooms.  Pontefract  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ponte  Lagoscuro,  pon'ti  li-gos-koo'ro,  a  town  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.  of  Ferrara,  with  a  free  port,  and  extensive 
transport  trade  on  the  Po.     Pop.  6000. 

Ponte  Landolfo,  pon'ti  lin-dol'fo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  19  miles  S.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  4995. 

Pont-en-Royans,  p6Nt-6No-roi^y6N°',  a  town  of 
France,  in  IsSre,  5  miles  S.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1140. 

Ponte  San  Pietro,  pon'ti  sin  pe-i'tro,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bergamo,  on  the 
Brembo.     Pop   1504. 


Ponte  Stnra,  pon'ti  stoo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Alessandria,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Casale,  on  the  Po, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Stura.     Pop.  2024. 

Pontevedra,  pon-ti-vi'dri  (anc.  Pons  Ve'tusf),  a. 
town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Pontevedra,  on 
the  Lerey,  near  the  Bay  of  Pontevedra,  and  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Vigo.  Pop.  6718.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls, 
and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  <fcc.  It  has  a  brisk 
coasting-trade  and  an  extensive  pilchard-fishery.  The 
province  has  an  area  of  1739  square  miles.     Pop.  469,439. 

Pontevico,  pon-ti-vee'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  mile« 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  6202. 

Pont-Faverger,  p6N°-fiVfiR'zhi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Marne,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reims.     Pop.  2208. 

Pont-Gibaud,  p6No-zhee^bo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  1106. 

Ponthiamus,  Cochin  China.     See  Cancao. 

Pontia  and  Pontise  Insulse.    See  Ponza. 

Pontiac,  pon't§-ak,  a  city,  capital  of  Livingston  co., 
111.,  in  Pontiac  township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  93  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bloomington,  and 
about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  Railroad,  near  its  junction  with  the  Chicago  & 
Paducah  Railroad,  which  also  passes  through  Pontiac.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  the  Illinois  State  Reform  School,  and 
7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  27S4  :  of  the  township,  4066. 

Pontiac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  El  Dorado. 

Pontiac,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Clinton  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Mil- 
waukee, Grand  Trunk,  and  Pontiac,  Oxford  &  Northern 
Railroads,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Flint,  and  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  2  high  schools,  8  churches,  a  national  bank, 
2  state  banks,  a  savings-bank,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  4  weekly  newspapers.  Here  is  a  large  asylum  for  the 
insane,  erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $800,000;  also  several 
iron-foundries,  brick-yards,  5  fiouring-mills,  and  2  planing- 
mills.  It  has  a  high-school  building  which  cost  $70,000. 
Large  quantities  of  wool,  wheat,  flour,  and  butter  are 
shipped  here.  This  city  is  surrounded  by  many  small  and 
beautiful  lakes.  Pontiac  was  incorporated  in  1861.  Pop. 
in  1 870,  4867  ;  in  1880,  4509 ;  in  1890,  6200  ;   in  1894,  7276. 

Pontiac,  a  post-village  in  Evans  township,  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Big  Sister  Creek,  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bufi"alo.  It 
has  a  tannery,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Pontiac,  a  post-oflice  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &  Newark  Railroad,  19  milen 
S.  of  Sandusky.     Here  is  a  church. 

Pontiac,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  Kirkwood. 

Pontiac,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill  and  Pon- 
tiac Branch  Railroads,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  687. 

Pontianak,  pon-te-i-nik',  a  town,  capital  of  the  Dutch 
settlements  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  and  of  a  kingdom  of 
its  own  name,  is  situated  on  the  river  Kapuas,  near  its  mouth. 
Lat.  0°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  109°  20'  E.  It  has  a  fort,  and  exports 
diamonds,  pepper,  gold-dust,  and  edible  birds'-nests. 

Ponticelli,  pon-te-ch51'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  4  mile?  E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  6593. 

Pontifical  States.    See  Italy. 

Pontine  (pon'tin)  Marsh'es  (It.  Paludi  PonHne,Tpi- 
loo'dee  pon-tee'ni;  Fr.  Marais  Pontina,  miVi'  p6N<»^tiif°' ; 
anc.  Pompti'nse  Palu'des),  a  marshy  tract  of  Italy,  in  the 
S.  portion  of  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  extending  along  the 
coasts  of  the  Mediterranean,  from  Cisterna  on  the  N.  to 
Terracina  on  the  S.,  a  distance  of  25  miles.  These  marshes 
existed  during  the  time  of  the  Romans,  who,  by  the  con- 
struction of  the  Appian  Way,  and  cutting  numerous  canals 
through  them,  had  laid  a  considerable  portion  dry  ;  but  the 
general  neglect  of  the  work  during  the  latter  years  of  the 
empire,  and  the  subsequent  confusion,  allowed  them  to  re- 
turn almost  to  their  original  condition.  Several  of  the 
popes  made  many  efforts  to  drain  them,  and  partially  suc- 
ceeded ;  but  large  tracts  still  remain  almost  uninhabited. 
The  region  is  highly  fertile,  but  extremely  pestilential. 

Pontita,pon-tee'ti,  or  Pontida,  pon-tee'di,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  1  mile  W.  of  Caprino.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2033. 

Pontivy,  p6s»HeeVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
on  the  Blavet,  30  miles  N,N,W.  of  Vannes.  Pop.  6402.  It 
has  marble-quarries,  forges,  and  manufactures  of  cloths, 
leather,  and  iron  tools.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient 
duchy  of  Rohan,  and  for  some  time  bore  the  name  of 
Napol^onville. 


PON 


2195 


POO 


Pont-l'Abb6,  p6N»-lib*bi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
IlniBtdre,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Quim- 
per.  Pop.  3827.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  prod- 
Qots  and  farina. 

Pont-l'Ev6que,  pdN»-li'v5k',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Calvados,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caen.     Pop.  2373. 

Pontlieuef  p6N"Me-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
2  miles  S.  of  Mand,  on  the  Huisne.     Pop.  3903. 

Pontoglio,pon-t6ryo,  or  Ponte  all'  Oglio*  pon'ti 
ill  Sl'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Chiari,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1916. 

PontoiSB)  p6N»HwS,z',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Oise, 
near  the  Northern  Railway.  Pop.  6301.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  chemical  products  and  leather.  Many  of  the  kings 
of  France  resided  nere. 

Pontoo'suc,  a  post-village  in  Pontoosuo  township, 
Hancock  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  below 
Dallas  City,  about  15  miles  below  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church,  a  banking-house, 
a  mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1946. 

Pontoosuc,  a  village  in  Pittsfleld  township,  Berkshire 
00.,  Mass.,  2  miles  N.  of  Pittsfleld.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  blankets. 

PonHotoc',  a  county  in  the  N.'^art  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Loosascoona  and  Tallahatohee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn',  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Pontotoc,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,625;  in  1880,  13,858;  in  1890,  14,940. 

Pontotoc,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss., 
about  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus,  and  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Holly  Springs.  It  contains  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  female 
seminary,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  about  700. 

Pontremoli,  pon-tr5m'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Massa  e   Carrara,  at  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines, 
23  milea  N.W.  of  Carrara.    Pop.  12,625.    It  is  divided  into 
an  upper  and  a  lower  town :  the  former  is  enclosed  by  mass- 
ive fortifications  and  defended  by  an  old  castle ;  the  latter 
^^k  modern,  and  contains  many  handsome  mansions.     It  has 
^■cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  linens,  and  wine. 
^K.  Pont-Saint-Esprit,  p6No-8iNt-Ss^pree',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gard,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Uzes,  on  the  Rhone. 
_Pop.  3882.    It  has  a  citadel,  built  by  Louis  XIII.,  an  active 
lade,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  thread,  combs,  <fcc. 

Pont-Saint-Maxence,  p6N«-s&No-mix^6NS8',  a  town 
"  France,  in  Oise,  7  miles  N.  of  Senlis,  on  the  Oise.    Pop. 
2225.      It   has   tanneries  and   manufactures   of  chemical 
^Broducts,  Ac. 
I^K  Pont-Scorff,  p6H»-8kor£f,  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
^^bn,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  1681. 
^^B  Ponts-de-C^)   p6N°-dQh-s^,   a   town   of   France,  in 
M|laine-et- Loire,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1876. 
I^^Pont-8ar-Yonne,p6N»-sUR-yonn',atownof  France, 
i&  Yonne,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sens,  on  the  Yonne,  and  on 
the  Paris  &  Lyons  Railway.     Pop.  1903. 

Pont-Valain,  p6n<»-v8,H3,n°',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Sarthe,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  FlSche.     Pop.  1862. 

Pon'typool,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  at 
a  railway  junction,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newport.  Pop. 
4834,  employed  in  large  coal-  and  iron-works. 

Pont-y-Pridd,  pont-e-priiH',  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Glamorgan,  on  the  Taf  River,  near  Lantwit.  It  has  coal- 
and  tin-works,  manufactures  of  chains  and  cables. 

Po'ny,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Ponza,  pon'zi  (anc.  Pon'tia),  the  chief  of  a  group  of 
■mail  islands  (anc.  In'sulx  Pon'tiee)  in  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  province  of  Caserta,  Italy,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Terracina. 
Lat.  40°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  57'  5"  E.  It  has  a  commodious 
and  well-defended  harbor,  and  a  governor's  house.  Pop. 
3145.     The  other  islands  are  uninhabited. 

Ponzone,  pon-zo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, province  of  Ales- 
sandria, 9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Acqui.     Pop.  3390. 

Poo-Ching-Hien,  or  Pou-Chmg-Hien,  poo'- 
ching'-he-5n',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on  a 
tributary  of  the  Min.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  ram- 
parts, apparently  of  a  very  ancient  date,  and  by  extensive 
suburbs.     Pop.  above  10,000. 

Poo-Choo,  Pou-Tchou,  or  Pu-Chu,  poo-choo', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-See,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Hoang-Ho.     Lat.  34°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  5'  B. 

Poo'diac,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick, 
9  miles  from  Sussex.     Pop.  100. 

Poodoocottah,  or  Pudukota,  poo"  doo-kot'ta,  called 
also  Tou'dimau  and  Rajah  Toudimau's  Couutry, 


jrop. 
'^f  F] 


a  tributary  state  of  India,  Madras  presidency,  about  lat. 
10°  6'- 10°  46'  N.,  Ion.  78°  33'-79°  16'  E.  Area,  1380 
square  miles.  Capital,  Poodoocottah,  a  handsome,  pop- 
ulous, and  regularly-built  place,  28  miles  S.B.  of  Trichi- 
nopoly.  It  has  a  fine  mosque,  a  palace,  and  some  temples. 
Totjvl  pop.  316,695. 

Pool,  a  post-office  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich. 

Pool,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

PooMtyee',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Cntch 
Gundava,  on  the  route  between  the  Indus  and  the  Bolan 
Pass.     Lat.  29°  3'  N.;  Ion.  68°  30'  E. 

Poole,  pool,  a  seaport  of  England,  and  a  county  of  itself, 
in  Dorset,  on  a  peninsula  at  the  N.  side  of  Poole  Harbor, 
6i  miles  S.  of  Wimborne  Minster,  on  the  London  A,  South- 
west  Railway,  18  miles  E.  of  Dorchester.  Pop.  14,732. 
The  principal  buildings  are  the  church,  a  chapel  of  ease, 
and  some  dissenting  chapels,  the  guild  hall  with  the  jail, 
the  exchange,  museum,  custom-house,  public  library,  and 
workhouse.  The  town  is  bordered  by  spacious  quays,  close 
to  which  vessels  drawing  14  feet  of  water  can  anchor.  The 
port  has  an  extensive  commerce  with  the  colonies,  a  coasting- 
trade,  and  exports  of  com,  Purbeck  clay,  timber,  Ac.  Poole 
returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Poole,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  12i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  200. 

Poole  Ilar'bor,  an  inlet  in  the  English  Channel,  6 
miles  in  length,  having  S.  the  Isle  of  Purbeck.  The  tide 
here  ebbs  and  flows  twice  in  the  12  hours,  owing  to  geo- 
graphical peculiarities  in  the  position  of  the  harbor. 

Poole  Island,  Chesapeake  Bay,  17^  miles  E.  by  N.of 
Baltimore.     On  it  is  a  light-house,  exhibiting  a  fixed  light. 

Poole's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Ey. 

Poolesville,  poolz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Md.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has 
5  churches. 

Poole  we,  pool-yu',  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Ross-shire,  at  the  head  of  Loch  Ewe,  60  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Dingwall. 

PoolO,  PoulO,  or  Pulo,  poo'lo,  a  word  signifying 
"  island,"  prefixed  to  the  names  of  many  Malay  islands,  as 
PooLO  Dammar,  Ac.  For  those  not  undermentioned,  see 
additional  name. 

Poolo  Anna,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Chrrest  Island. 

Poolo  Aur,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Aor. 

Poolo  Ay,  or  Poolo  Way,  one  of  the  Banda  Islands. 

Poolo  Baniak,  poo'lo  hk-ne-iik',  an  island  ofi°  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  in  lat.  2°  30'  N.,  Ion.  96°  50'  E. 

Poolo  Bintam,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Bingtanq. 

Poolo  Brasse,  poo'lo  br&ss,  an  island  off  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  Sumatra,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Acheen. 

"Poolo  Cambing,  Flores  Sea.    See  Goat  Island. 

Poolo  Canton,  poo'lo  k&nHon',  an  island  in  the  China 
Sea,  off  Anam.     Lat.  15°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  E. 

Poolo  Ciecer  de  Mer,  poo'lo  se-i'saiR'  d§h  maiR, 
an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  60  miles  S.  of  Cape  Padaran. 

Poolo  Condor,  poo'lo  konMoR',  a  cluster  of  islands 
in  the  China  Sea,  120  miles  E.  of  Point  Cambodia,  the  prin- 
cipal island  being  12  miles  in  length.     It  belongs  to  France. 

Poolo  Dammer,  poo'lo  dim'm^r,  an  island  off  the  S. 
extremity  of  Gilolo.     Circumference,  about  30  miles. 

Poolo  Dattoo,  poo'lo  dit^too',  an  island  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  in  lat.  0°  7'  N.,  Ion.  108°  37'  E. 

Poolo  Kalamantin,  or  Poolo  Klemmantin 
See  Borneo. 

Poolo  Kra  Islands.    See  Eraw. 

Poolo  liabuan,  Borneo.    See  Labuan. 

Poolo  Lancavi,  poo'lo  l&n-k&'vee,  an  island  off  the 
W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Queda.     Pop.  3000. 

Poolo  Lant,  poo'lo  15 wt,  an  island  off  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Borneo.  Length,  50  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  35  miles.  L1TT1.E  Poolo  Laut  is  a  group  55  miles 
S.W.  of  the  above. 

Poolo  Lontar,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Lontar. 

Poolo  Mego,  Sumatra.     See  Tristb. 

Poolo  Nan'cy,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
W.  of  Acheen. 

Poolo  Oby,  o'bee  (or  Ubi,  oo'bee),  an  island  in  the 
China  Sea,  20  miles  S.  of  Point  Cambodia. 

Poolo  Pinang,  Strait  of  Malacca,    See  Penang. 

PooUoroon'  and  PooUoway',  two  of  the  Banda 
Islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  W.  of  Banda. 

Poolo  Sambillong.    See  Nicobar  Islands. 

Poolo  Se  Pora,  a  Malay  island.    See  Pora. 

Poolo  Way,  one  of  the  Banda  Islands.   See  Poolo  At. 

Pools,  a  station  of  the  Paducah  A  Elizabethtown  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Princeton,  Ky. 


POO 


2196 


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Pool's  Island,  in  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  2 
Miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  524. 

Pools'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ind,,  7  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Independence.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Poolvash  Bay,  Isle  of  Man.     See  Balvash  Bay. 

Pool'ville,  a  post- village  in  Hamilton  township,  Madi- 
lon  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica,  Chenango  &  Susquehanna  Val- 
ley Railroad,  1 9  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  163. 

Poolvillle,  a  station  in  Galveston  co.,  Tex.,.on  the  Gal- 
veston, Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad,  4^  miles  W.  of 
Galveston. 

Poonah,  or  Puna,  poo'ni,  also  written  Punaij  a 
district  of  India,  Bombay  presidency,  having  Ahmednuggur 
district  on  the  N.E.,  Sattarah  on  the  S.,  and  the  Western 
Ghauts  on  the  W.  Area,  4280  square  miles.  Capital, 
Poonah.     Pop.  792,352. 

Poonah,  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  district, 
on  a  tributary  of  the  Beemah,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bom- 
bay. Pop.,  according  to  the  census  returns  of  1891,  160,460. 
It  stands  about  2000  feet  above  the  sea.  Here  are  several 
native  palaces,  a  Hindoo  college,  the  church,  a  good  library, 
military  bazaar,  civil  hospital,  barracks,  arsenal,  and  the 
government  offices.     E.  of  the  city  is  a  cave-temple  of  Seeva. 

Poo^namal'Iee,  a  town  of  India,  Chingleput  district, 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  7155. 

Poon'poon,  a  river  of  India,  rises  about  lat.  24°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  84°  20'  E.,  and  after  an  indirect  N.E.  course  of  130 
miles  joins  the  Ganges  near  Futwa.  It  is  very  serviceable 
in  irrigation. 

Poon^rut'ty,  or  Pon^arut'ty.,  also  called  Pana» 
rutti,  a  town  of  India,  in  South  Arcot,  110  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Madras.     Pop.  6932. 

Poonukka,  Pounukka,  Punukka,  poo-nuk'k/l, 
written  also  Poonaka,  a  town  and  the  second  capital  of 
Bootan,  in  the  great  chain  of  the  Himalayas,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Tassisudon.     Lat.  27°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  54'  E. 

Poopo   Choro,  a  lake  of  Bolivia.     See  Aullagas. 

Poor,  Pour^  or  Pur,  poor,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in 
the  N.  of  the  government  of  Yakootsk,  flows  E.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Olenek  in  lat.  69°  N.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Poor,  Pour,  or  Pur,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Tobolsk,  about  lat.  64°  N.,  and  flows  N.  by 
E.  to  the  Bay  of  Tazovsk  (see  Taz).     Length,  200  miles. 

Poor,  or  Pur,  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district. 
Pop.  5213. 

Poora,  poo'rl,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  in  the  desert, 
110  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bunpoor.     Pop.  2000, 

Poorakaad,  pooVA-kid',  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
Malabar  coast,  39  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cochin.  It  has  been 
in  part  buried  by  the  sea,  but  is  still  populous. 

Poorally,  poo-r&l'lee  (ano.  Ar'abis),  a  river  of  Beloo- 
chistan, province  of  Loos,  enters  Sonmeanee  Bay,  Indian 
Ocean,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Kurrachee,  after  a  S.  course  of  100 
miles.     The  towns  of  Bela  and  Lyaree  are  on  its  banks. 

Poorateen,  Pouratin,  or  Puratiu,  poo-ri-teen', 
a  town  of  Russia,  103  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava. 

Poorbunder,  poor-biin'd§r,  a  maritime  town  of  In- 
dia, Baroda  dominions,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Kattywar 
Peninsula.  Lat.  21°  39'  N.;  Ion.  69°  48'  E.  It  is  the 
flommercial  emporium  of  the  peninsula.     Pop.  14,563. 

Pooree,  or  Purl,  pooVee',  the  southwesternmost  dis- 
trict of  Orissa,  India,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  and  W.  by  Madras  presidency  and  the  Cuttaok 
Mehals.  Lat.  19°  27.5'-20°  26'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  85°  26'-86° 
28'  E.  Area,  2472  square  miles.  Capital,  Juggernaut. 
Pop.  769,674.    See  also  Juggernaut. 

Poore's  (poorz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Colquitt  co,,  Ga. 

Poor  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Poor's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
Broad  River. 

Poor's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me. 

Poortvliet,  poRt^fleet',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
In  Zealand,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tholen.     Pop.  1549. 

Poorwa,  or  Purwa,  poor'wS,,  a  town  of  India,  35 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  10,880. 

Pooshkur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Pokor. 

Poost-  (Poust-  or  Pust-)  Ozersk,  poost-o-zaiRsk' 
(Samoyed,  Yongorie,  yon-go'ree),  the  northernmost  town 
of  the  Samoyed  country,  in  European  Russia,  government 
of  Archangel,  on  the  Petchora,  near  the  Northern  Ocean. 
Poo- Teon- Shan,  an  island  of  China.  See  Pooto. 
Pootivl,Poutivl,  or  Putivl,  poo-teev'l',  written  also 
Putyvl  and  Putivvl,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
100  miles  W.S.W,  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Sem.  Pop.  7046.  It 
has  nearly  20  churches,  extensive  charitable  institutions, 
vitriol-factories,  brick-kilns,  and  a  brisk  trade. 


Pooto,  Pouto,  Puto,  poo'to,  or  Poo- Teon- 
Shan,  a  small  rooky  island  off  the  E.  extremity  of  Chusan, 
coast  of  China.  Lat.  30°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  40'  E.  It  haa. 
numerous  temples  and  monasteries. 

Popa,  po'p&,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  lOU 
miles  S.E,  of  Gilolo,  50  miles  in  circumference.  Lat.  1° 
12'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  52'  E. 
Popacton,  New  York.  See  Pepacton. 
Popac'ton  (or  Pepac'ton)  River,  the  East  Branch 
of  the  Delaware,  rises  in  New  York,  near  the  base  of  the 
Catskill  Mountains.  It  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction  through 
Delaware  co.,  and  unites  with  the  other  branch  of  the  Dela- 
ware at  Hancock,  a  station  on  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  is 
nearly  90  miles  long. 

Popalote,  pop-a-lo'tA,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bee  co.,  Tex., 
on  Popalote  Creek,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a 
church  and  4  stores. 

Popayan,  po-p4  y&n',  a  city  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, in  the  department  of  Cauca,  near  the  Cauca  River,  6000 
feet  above  the  ocean.  Lat.  2°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  36'  W.  Pop. 
10,000,  It  has  a  cathedral,  numerous  public  edifices,  and 
a  mint.  Its  inhabitants  are  mostly  mulattoes  and  negroes. 
A  great  commercial  road,  nearly  1000  miles  in  length,  ex- 
tends S.  from  Popayan  past  Quito  to  Trujillo,  in  Peru.  Po- 
payan was  founded  in  1537,  being  the  first  city  built  by 
Europeans  in  this  region.  In  1834  it  was  nearly  destroyed 
by  an  earthquake. 

Pop  Corn,  a  post-office  of  Osage  oo.,  Kansas,  about  24 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka. 

Pope,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  795  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Illinois 
Bayou  and  Big  Piney  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Little 
Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Capital,  Dover.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8386 ;  in  1880,  14,322 ;  in  1890,  19,458. 

Pope,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  Big  Bay  and  Lusk  Creeks, 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  cypress,  hickory, 
walnut,  ash,  and  tulip-tree  abound.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Carboniferous  limestone  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Goleonda.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,487;  in  1880,  13,256;  in 
1890,  14,016. 

Pope,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Chippewa  River,  and  contains  numerous  little  lakes,  some 
of  which  have  no  visible  outlet.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  A  large  portion  of  this 
county  is  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Minne- 
apolis, St.  Paul  &,  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Railroad,  the  last  two 
of  which  connect  with  Glenwood,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2691;  in  1880,  5874;  in  1890,  10,032, 

Poperinghe,  po^pfiB^iNjr',  or  Poperingen,  pop^^r- 
ing'H^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  near  the 
French  frontier,  6  miles  W,S,W.  of  Ypres.  Pop.  11,160. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  linens,  and  woollen  cloths. 

Pope's  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Potomac  River,  40  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
A  Potomac  Railroad,  74  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Pope's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  &,  Tennessee  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  of 
Memphis.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  grist-mill. 
About  2000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here. 

Pope's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Macomb  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown  Station.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  76. 

Pope  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  about 
75  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  Here  is  a  mine  of  cin- 
nabar or  mercury.     It  has  a  church. 

Pop'lar,  a  suburban  parish  of  the  metropolis  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Middlesex,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  48,611. 

Pop'lar,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Md;,  on  the  Wor- 
cester Railroad,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Berlin. 
Poplar,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  Benton. 
Poplar,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  730. 
Poplar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashley  oo..  Ark.,  on 
Bayou  Bartholomew,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arkansas 
City.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 


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*Poplar  Bluff,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  cc, 
Mo.,  on  the  Big  Black  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Iron 
Mountain  Railroad,  166  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  and  74  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Cairo  division 
with  the  Arkansas  division  of  that  railroad,  and  is  in  Pop- 
lar Blu£f  township.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1890,  2187  ;  of  Poplar  Bluff 
township,  4796. 

Poplar  Branch,  a  post-township  of  Currituck  co., 
N.C.,  on  Currituck  Sound,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 
Pop.  1140. 

Poplar  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  7  miles  E. 
of  Havana. 

Poplar  Creek,  of  Tennessee,  rises  in  Anderson  eo., 
and  enters  Clinch  River  in  Roane  co. 

Poplar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of   Montgomery  co., 
Miss.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Winona. 
Poplar  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky. 
Poplar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Helena.    It 
has  a  church. 
Poplar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Caledonia  township, 
ne  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <k  Northwestern  Railroad,  16 
es  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
ool,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  250. 
Poplar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Logansport. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  6i  miles 
S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Owen  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a 
tobacco-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 
Poplar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Huron  co.,  Mich. 
Poplar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles 
IJW.  of  Columbus. 

opiar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 
opjar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 
^Poplar  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark. 

opIar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 
Poplar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Stanford.      It    has  manufactures  of  lumber, 
ool,  and  farming-implements. 

Poplar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co,,  N.C.,  about  69 
"es  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

opIar  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  about 
lO  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg, 

opIar  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  100. 
opIar  Marshes,  England.    See  Isle  of  Doos. 
opIar  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  Va., 
ut  56  miles  S.  of  Richmond. 
^Poplar  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky., 
about  56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  22  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Maysville.     It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  tan- 
nery. 

Poplar  Point,  on  the  W.  side  of  Narragansett  Bay, 
about  7i  miles  N.W,  of  Newport,  R.I. 

Poplar  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  6 
iles  S.  of  Paint  Rock. 

'Poplar  Ridge  (sometimes  called  Smith's  Corners), 
lost-hamlet  in  Venice  township,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
es  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
ends'  meeting. 
Poplar  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Darke  oo.,  0. 

opIar  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Freedom  township, 
.ir  CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Newry,  which  is  12  miles  S. 
Altoona. 

Poplar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga. 
Poplar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore, 

Poplar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss., 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Tupelo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and 
a  steam  gri?t-mill. 
Poplar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn. 
Poplar  Tent,  township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.  P.  1280. 
'Pop'lin,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <b 

them  Railroad,  Hi  miles  E.  of  Poplar  BlufiF,  Mo. 
'Po'po,  or  Great  Po'po,  a  town  of  Guinea,  situated 
between  the  sea  and  a  backwater  or  inlet,  16  miles  W.  of 
Whydah.     Lat.  6°  16'  N.;  Ion.  1°  54'  E.     Pop,  5000. 

Popoagie,  po-po-a'ghee,  a  small  river  of  Wyoming, 
rises  in  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  runs  northeastward, 
and  enters  the  Wind  River  about  lat.  43°  N. 

Popocatepetl, po-po'ki-ti-p4t'l  (Mexican,  "smoking 
mountain"),  an  active  volcano  of  Mexico,  state  and  36  miles 


S.W.  of  Puebla.  It  rises  17,'/84  feet  above  the  sea,  with  a 
crater  3  miles  in  circumference  and  1000  feet  deep.  Forests 
cover  its  base,  but  its  summit  is  a  desert  of  volcanic  sand 
and  pumice,  mostly  covered  with  snow. 

Po'po  Isles,  Malay  Archipelago,  are  between  Gilolo 
and  Papua.  Lat.  1°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  129^  45'  E.  The  largest 
island,  Popo,  is  50  miles  in  circumference,  «nd  produces 
sago,  cocoa-nuts,  and  salt. 

Popoli,  pop'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  8 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Sulmona,  on  the  Pescara.  It  has  two 
handsome  churches.     Pop,  6708. 

Poppelan,  pop'p^h-lSw^  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Prinitw.     Pop.  2316. 

Poppelsdorf,  pop'o^ls-doRf,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Bonn,  and  having  the  botanic  gar- 
den, museum,  and  laboratory  of  the  University  of  Bonn;  also 
porcelain-  and  carpet-factories.     Pop.  2266. 

Poppenlauer,  pop'p^n-lSw^^r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  4 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Miinnerstadt.     Pop.  1515. 

Poppi,  pop'pee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  26  miles 
E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno.  Pop.  6414.  It  has  a  hand- 
some palace,  formerly  of  the  Guidi  family,  a  celebrated 
abbey,  3  churches,  a  hospital,  a  public  library,  and  a  theatre. 

Poprad,  po^pr&d',  a  river  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Zips,  an 
affluent  of  the  Dunajec,  which  flows  across  Galicia  into  the 
Vistula.     Length,  35  miles. 

Poprad,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Deutsohbndorf. 

Poquetau'uck,  or  Poquetan'ock,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Preston  township,  New  London  co..  Conn.,  4  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  woollen-mill. 
Pop.  nearly  200. 

Poquiock,  po^ke^Sk',  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  40  miles  above  Fr«ierio- 
ton.     Pop.  150. 

Poquon'nock,  or  Poquon'ock,  a  post-village  in 
Windsor  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington 
River,  11  miles  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a,  paper- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Poqnonnock  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Groton  town 
ship.  New  London  co..  Conn.,  near  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad,  9  miles  W,  of 
Stonington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fish  oil. 

Pora,  po'ri,  two  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  between  lat.  1°  and  2°  30'  S.  and 
Ion.  98°  30'  and  100°  E.  The  southernmost,  or  Poolo  Se 
Pora,  is  40  miles  in  length  by  15  miles  in  breadth  ;  North 
Pora,  or  Se  Beero,  is  60  miles  in  length  by  30  miles  across. 

Poramnschir,  Kooril  Islands.    See  Parauoosheer. 

Porca,  poR'ki,  a  town  of  India,  in  Travancore,  on  the 
Malabar  coast,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Trivandrum.  Lat.  8°  16' 
N. ;  Ion.  76°  24'  E.  It  is  populous,  and  inhabited  by  many 
Mohammedan,  Hindoo,  and  Christian  merchants. 

Porce,  poR'si,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises 
in  the  Andes,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Nechi  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Caceres.     Length.  l.SO  miles. 

Porchester,  a  village  of  England.     See  Portchester. 

Porchov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Porkhov. 

Porcia,  poR-che'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Udine, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Pordenone.     Pop.  3412. 

Por'co,  a  mountain-knot  of  the  Bolivian  Andes,  in  lat. 
19°  45'  S.,  Ion.  65°  30'  W.  Height,  16,000  feet.  Here  was 
the  first  silver-mine  wrought  by  the  Spaniards  after  the 
conquest  of  Peru.  Near  it  is  the  town  of  Porco,  20  miles 
S.W,  of  Potosi, 

Porcos,  Ilha  dos,  Brazil.     See  Ilha  dos  Porcos. 

Porcuna,  poR-koo'ni  (anc.  Obulco),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  21  miles  W.N.W,  of  Jaen.  Pop.  7497.  It 
has  a  palace  belonging  to  the  Order  of  Calatrava,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloths,  serges,  and  soap. 

Por'cupine,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Yellowstone  River. 

Porcupine,  a  post-office  of  Pepin  co..  Wis. 

Porcupine  Mountain,  Michigan,  on  or  near  Lake 
Superior,  is  in  Ontonagon  co. 

Pordenone,  poR-di-no'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  8269.     It  has  an  active  trade. 

Pore,  po'ri,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 

Sartment  of  Boyacfi,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Meta,  114  miles 
r.E.  of  Bogota. 

Porentruy,  po^r5N»Hrwee',  or  Porrentrni  (Ger. 
Bruntrut,  broon'troot),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
38  miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  near  the  French  frontier.  P.  5341. 
Poretchie,  po-r4tch'y4,  written  also  Porietch^  and 
Poretschi6,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  40  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Smolensk.     Pop.  4998. 

Poretta,  po-r4t'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Bologna.     Pon.  of  commune  2976. 


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Poretta,  Italy.    See  Bagni  dblla  Poretta. 

Poretz,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Pbebz. 

Porkhov,  Porchov,  or  Porkhow,  poB^Kov',  a  town 
of  Russia,  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  3399. 

Porlezza,  poR-lfit'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  N.  of 
Como,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Lago  di  Lugano. 

Por'lock,  a  town  of  England,  co.,  of  Somerset,  on  the 
British  Channel,  5i  miles  W.  of  Minehead. 

Pornassio,  poR-nis'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Oneglia.     Pop.  1152. 

PorniC)  poR^neek',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- Inf6ri- 
eure,  on  the  ocean,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  1630. 
It  has  a  port  and  a  ship-yard. 

Poro,  or  Poolo  Se  Pora.    See  Poba. 

Poromuschir,  Kooril  Islands.     See  Paramoosheeb. 

Poros,  po'ros  (anc.  Sphx'ria),  a  small  island  of  Greece, 
at  the  W.  entrance  of  the  gulf  and  7  miles  S.  of  the  island 
of  ^gina.     Pop.  6035. 

Porphyritis  Mons.     See  Geb-el-Dokhan. 

Porpoise,  Cape,  Maine.    See  Cape  Porpoise. 

Porquerolles,  poR^k§h-roll',  one  of  the  Hydros  Islands, 
in  France,  department  of  Var,  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Length,  5  miles. 

Porrentrui,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Pobentruy. 

Porrera,  poR-Ri'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1799. 

Porreras,  a  town  of  Majorca,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Palma. 

Porrudo8,poR-Roo'doce,  or  Rio  de  Sfto  Lonren^o, 
ree'o  di  sown<»  IQ-rfin'so,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
Paraguay  on  the  left,  in  lat.  17°  20'  S.  Largest  tributary, 
the  Cuyabi. 

Porsentina,  an  islet  of  Italy.    See  Bisentina. 

Porsgruud,  poRs'groont,  a  town  of  Norway,  91  miles 
N.E.  of  Christiansand,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Skager-Rack. 

Portachuelo  de  Tucto,poR-t3.-choo-i'lo  di  took'to, 
one  of  the  loftiest  passes  over  the  Andes,  in  North  Peru, 
between  Tarma  and  Lima,  and  15,760  feet  in  elevation. 

Porta  Claudia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Scharnitz. 

Portacomaro,  pou-ti-ko-m4'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Alessandria,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  1793. 

Port  Adelaide,  Australia.    See  Adelaide. 

Porta  Dibull,  pon'ti  dee-Bool',  a  seaport  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  in  the  department  of  Magdalena,  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Rio  Hacha. 

Port^adown',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Armagh,  on  the  Bann,  and  on  the  Ulster  Rail- 
way. Pop.  6735.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton 
goods,  and  a  large  distillery. 

PorHafer'ry,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
near  the  entrance  of  Lough  Strangford,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Downpatrick.     Pop.  1938. 

Port'age,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cuya- 
hoga  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Mahoning  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  ash,  beech,  and  other 
trees.  Hay,  butter,  cheese,  oats,  Indian  corn,  flax,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
is  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
Cleveland  <fe  Canton  Railroad.  Capital,  Ravenna.  Pop.  in 
1870,  24,584;  in  1880,  27,500;  in  1890,  27,868. 

Portage,  a  county  of  Wisconsin,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  792  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wisconsin  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Plover  and  Wau- 
paca River's  and  Mill  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  pota- 
toes, and  cattle  are  the  staple  products,  and  lumber  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Green  Bay,  Winona  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  Capital,  Stevens' Point.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,634; 
in  1880,  17,731 ;  in  1890,  24,798. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lake 
Michigan.     Pop.  728. 

Portage,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  777, 
exclusive  of  South'  Bend. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.     P.  1540. 

Portage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Portage  township,  Kala- 
mazoo CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.     Pop.  of  township,  1004. 

Portage,  a  hamlet  in  Onekama  township,  Manistee  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  small  lake,  45  miles  N.  of  Ludington.     It  has 


a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     The  Chicago  steamboats  stop 
at  this  place. 

Portage,  Missouri.    See  Portage  des  Sioux. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1172.  It  contains  Hunt's,  Oakland,  and  Portage  Station 
(near  Portageville,  or  Genesee  Falls)  on  the  Buffalo  di- 
vision of  the  Erie  Railway. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  899. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.  Pop.  1246.  It 
contains  Port  Clinton. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  Pop.  1594, 
exclusive  of  Akron. 

Portage,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  W. 
boundary  of  Portage  township,  and  on  Portage  River,  3i 
miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Toledo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in 
1890,  438  ;  of  the  township,  2328. 

Portage,  a  post- village  in  Washington  township,  Cam-j 
bria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  S.WJ 
of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  anf 
about  75  families.  Good  coal  is  mined  at  this  place,  whiolj 
is  supported  by  the  lumber-business  and  mining  coal. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.     Pop.  9 

Portage,  a  post- village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  th 
Malade  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Corinne.  It  has 
church  and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  cheese. 

Portage,  or  Portage  City,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  and 
the  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  is  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  ajti 
the  head  of  navigation,  30  miles  N.  of  Madison,  47  mile 
W.N.W.  of  Watertown,  and  104  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Crossa 
It  is  at  the  junction  of  three  branches  of  the  Chicago 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  ship-cana| 
which  connects  the  Wisconsin  and  Fox  Rivers.     The  Foj 
River  flows  along  the  northeast  border  of  the  city.     Thi 
place  was  formerly  called  the  Winnebago  Portage.     Steam-i 
boats  ply  regularly  between  this  town  and  Green   Bayj 
Portage  contains  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  high  schoolJ 
a  bank,  2  banking-houses,  4  newspaper  offices,  2  grain^ 
elevators,  the  Portage  Iron-Works,  a  tannery,  <fcc.,  and  ha 
manufactures  of  clothing,  shoes,  sash  and  blinds,  &o.     It  ii| 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Southern  division  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  4346  ;  in  1890,  5143. 

Portage  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  oo.,  0^ 
about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Lima. 

Portage  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Kalamazoo  co., 
and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  at  the  village  of  Three  Rivers. 

Portage  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.J 
at  Liberty  Station  on  the  Bufi'alo,  New  York  &  Philadel^ 
phia  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  stean 
saw-mill. 

Portage  des  Sioux  (Fr.  pron.  poRH&zh'  dk  soo), ; 
post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  in  a  township  of  th(^ 
same  name,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  St 
Charles,  and  about  30  miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  some 
times  called  Portage.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  160  ;  of  th| 
township,  1861. 

Portage  du  Fort,  poRHizh'  dii  foR,  a  village  of 
Quebec,  co.  of  Pontiac,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  60  miles  N. 
Ottawa.  It  has  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  4  hotels,  an(| 
marble-quarries.     Pop.  652. 

Portage  Falls,  New  York.    See  Genesee  Rivbb. 

Port'age  Island,  an  island  of  New  Brunswick,  abot 
5  miles  in  length,  lying  at  the  entrance  of  Miramichi  Bay^ 
about  3  miles  from  the  mainland.     It  is  at  present  grant 
to  the  British  Admiralty  for  naval  purposes.     There  is 
light-house  at  the  S.E.  extremity. 

Portage  Lake,  a  lake  of  Michigan,  on  the  boundar 
between  Livingston  and  Washtenaw  cos.,  about  10  mile 
N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.     Length,  nearly  7  miles.     It  receive 
Portage  River,  and  discharges  its  surplus  water  by  thi 
Huron  River. 

Portage  Lake,  a  lake  of  Michigan,  in  Houghton  co^ 
and  touching  the  town  of  Houghton.  A  narrow  channe 
called  Portage  Entry  connects  the  S.  part  of  the  lake  wit 
Keweenaw  Bay.  The  lake  is  nearly  20  miles  long  and  2  0^ 
3  miles  wide,  and  is  navigable  by  large  vessels.  A  shij 
canal  nearly  2i  miles  long  and  100  feet  wide  has  beelj 
opened  from  the  N.  end  of  Portage  Lake  to  Lake  Superior 
Steamboats  navigating  Lake  Superior  can  thus  pass  througl 
a  route  shorter  than  around  Keweenaw  Point. 

Portage  Lake,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co..  Me. 

Portage  Lake,  a  station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  laj 
diana  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Portage  River,  of  Michigan,  a  small  stream  whio 
flows  through  Livingston  co.  into  Portage  Lake  and  Uuro 
River.     See  also  Portage  Creek. 

Portage  River,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Hancock  co.,  aq 


POR 


2199 


POR 


runs  northeastward  through  Wood  oo.  It  finally  runs  esiat- 
ward  through  Ottawa  oo.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Port 
Clinton.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Port'ageville^a  post-hamlet  of  New  Madrid  co..  Mo., 
on  land  which  was  sunk  by  earthquake  in  1812,  about  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.     It  has  a  church. 

Portageville,  Now  York.    See  Genbseb  Falls. 

Portalbera,  poR-t&l-b&'r&,  a  village  of  Italy,  district 
of  Voghera,  near  the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  1494. 

Port  Al'bert,  a  maritime  village  of  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, adjacent  to  the  villages  of  Palmerston  and  Alberton, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Tarraville.     Pop.  186. 

Port  Al'bert,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  10  miles  N.  of  Goderich.     Pop.  200. 

Portalegre,  poR-ti-lA'gr4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtojo,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evora.  Pop.  6525.  It  has 
an  episcopal  palace,  2  hospitals,  a  seminary,  a  college,  and 
manufactures  of  druggets. 

Port  Alexan'der,  a  harbor  of  Africa,  in  Benguela, 
on  the  Atlantic,  40  miles  N.  of  Great  Fish  Bay. 

Port  Al'fred,  a  seaport  village  of  Cape  Colony,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kowie,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Graham's  Town. 

Port  Allegha'ny,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  <t  Philadelphia  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of 
Emporium.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  ofl&ce,  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     P.  731. 

Port  Al'len,  or  Pow  of  Er'rol,  a  harbor  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Perth,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Firth  of  Tay,  li 
miles  S.  of  Errol. 

Port  Al'len,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  North- 
em  Railroad,  44i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a 
church. 

Port  Allen,  a  post-village,  capital  of  West  Baton 
Rouge  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River.    See  Allain. 

Port  An'drew,  a  post-village  in  Richwood  township, 
Richland  co..  Wis.,  on- the  Wisconsin  River,  li  miles  from 
Blue  River  Railroad  Station,  and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Du- 
buque, Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  Angeles,  an'j^h-lfiz,  a  post-village  of  Clallam 
CO.,  Washington,  on  Fuca  Strait,  15  miles  W.  of  New  Dun- 
geness,  and  about  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Olympia. 

Port  Auto'nio,  a  seaport  village  of  Jamaica,  oo.  of 
Surrey,  on  the  N.  coast,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Morant  Point. 
It  has  a  line  of  steamers  to  Philadelphia. 

Port  ^  Paix,  pout  h  pi,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  strait 
between  that  island  and  Tortuga,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cape 
Haytien.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Portar'lington,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  and  Queen's 
COS.,  on  the  Barrow,  and  on  the  Great  Southern  &  Western 
Railway,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  2424. 

Port  Ar'thur,  a  thriving  town  of  Ontario,  on  Thunder 
Bay  (Lake  Superior),  and  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
which  connects  it  with  Winnipeg,  429  miles  distant  W.  by  N. 
It  is  connected  by  a  line  of  steamers  with  Duluth,  about  200 
miles  S.W.,  and  with  Owen  Sound,  on  Lake  Huron.  Port 
Arthur  is  the  seat  of  extensive  lumbering  and  mining  in- 
terests.    Two  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2698. 

Port  au  Basques,  Newfoundland.     See  Channel. 

Port  au  Bras,  o  br&,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  W. 
side  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  1  mile  from  Burin. 

(Port  au  Choix,  o  shwi,  a  port  of  the  W.  coast  of  New- 
indland,  in  lat.  50°  48'  N. 
l^ort  Augusta,  aw-gus'ta,  a  port  of  South  Australia, 
the  head  of  Spencer  Gulf. 
^ort  au  Persil,  o  pSn'seel',  or  Saint  Sim'eou,  a 
st-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  18  miles  N.B.  of  Murray  Bay.  Pop.  350. 
Port  au  Prince,  port  o  prlnss  (Fr.  pron.  poR-t5- 
priNss'),  or  Port  Republican  (Fr.  Port.  RipubUcain, 
poll  ri^pUbMee^k3,N»'),  the  capital  city  and  principal  seaport 
of  Hayti,  on  its  W.  coast,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Gonaives. 
Lat.  18°  35'  N.;  Ion.  72°  18'  W.  Pop.  about  20,000.  It 
is  partially  fortified,  irregularly  built,  and  chiefly  of  wood. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
palace  of  the  state,  which  has  some  architectural  excellence, 
the  church,  arsenal,  mint,  lyceum,  military  hospital,  and 
oourts  of  law.  The  vicinity  is  marshy,  and  the  climate 
unhealthy.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  superior  oourts  in 
Hayti,  and  of  the  most  part  of  its  foreign  trade.  The  an- 
nual value  of  the  imports  is  about  $1,200,000. 

Port  au  Port,  poRt  5  poR,  an  excellent  harbor  of  New- 
foundland, 30  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  George. 

Port  Aus'tin,  a  post-village  of  Huron  oo.,  Mich., 
in  Port  Austin  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  58  or  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  about  130   miles  N.  of  Detroit. 


It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  ohurohes,  and  manufactures  uf 
lumber  and  salt.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
Pop.  in  1890,  671;  of  the  township,  1469. 

Port  Bail,  poR  b&l,  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  on 
the  English  Channel,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Valognes. 

Port  Ban'natyne,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.and  on  the 
island  of  Bute,  Ij  milee  N.N.W.  of  Rothesay.  Pop.  575. 
It  is  much  frequented  in  summer  for  sea-bathing. 

Port  Bardiah,  Egypt.    See  Baretoon. 

Port  Bar're,  a  post-office  of  St.  Landry  parish.  La. 

Port  Beaufort,  bO^foRt',  a  harbor  of  South  Africa,  in 
Cape  Colony,  district  and  60  miles  S.E.  of  Zwellendam,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Breede  River. 

Port  Ben'jamin,  a  village  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  3^  miles  from  Ellenville. 
Boats  are  built  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Port  Blanch'ard,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jenkins  town- 
ship, Luzerne  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and 
the  Susquehanna  River,  about  7  miles  above  Wilkesbarre. 

Port  Bowen,  bS'^n,  British  North  America,  is  on 
Prince  Regent  Inlet,  in  lat.  73°  13'  N.,  Ion.  88°  64'  W. 
Here  the  Hecla  and  Fury  wintered,  1824-5. 

Port  Bowen,  a  harbor  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  22°  30'  S.;  Ion.  161°  E. 

Port  Bruce,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  14  miles  from  Port  Burwell.     Pop.  200. 

Port  Bur'well,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Elgin,  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek  in  Lake 
Erie,  137  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  saw-  and 
grist-mills,  a  tannery,  a  broom-factory,  and  several  churches, 
stores,  and  hotels.     P«p.  1300. 

Port  By'ron,  a  post- village  and  small  township  of 
Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rook  Island 
City,  and  about  16  miles  above  Davenport,  Iowa.  It  has  3 
churches  and  1  or  2  banks.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890, 
775  ;  of  the  township,  855. 

Port  Byron,  a  post-village  in  Mentz  township,  Ca- 
yuga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Syracuse,  and  10  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Auburn.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  paper-mill,  an  academy,  a  barrel-factory,  Ac.    Pop.  1146. 

Port  Byron  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island,  III. 

Port  Caledo'nia,  or  Big  Glace  Bay,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
19  miles  from  Sydney.     Pop.  160. 

Port  Canning,  a  town  of  India.    See  Canning. 

Port  Car'bon,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co,.  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville,  and  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ta- 
maqua.  It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  canal  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill Navigation  Company.  Here  are  rich  coal-mines  and 
some  iron-works.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1967. 

Port  Car'ling,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Muskoka,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bracebridge, 

Port  Castries,  West  Indies.    See  Castries. 

Port  ChaI'mers,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  a  bay  of 
the  E.  side  of  South  Island,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dunedin, 
of  which  it  is  the  principal  port.  It  has  docks,  ship-yards, 
gas-works,  stone-quarries,  several  churches,  a  grammar- 
school,  &c.     Pop.  2887. 

Port  Charlotte,  shar'lpt,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  ol 
Argyle,  in  the  island  of  Islay.     Pop.  484. 

Portches'ter,  orPor'chester,  a  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  Hants,  on  the  N.  side  of  Portsmouth  Harbor,  3i  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Portsmouth.  Pop.  of  parish,  779.  It  was  the 
ancient  Gaer  Peris,  one  of  the  principal  cities  of  Britain 
before  the  Roman  conquest. 

Port  Ches'ter,  a  post-village  in  Rye  township,  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  New 
York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  New  York, 
and  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  man- 
ufactures of  stoves  and  iron  bolts.     Pop.  3797. 

Port  Clar'ence,  a  maritime  village  of  England,  ou. 
of  Durham,  on  the  Stockton  &  Hartlepool  Railway,  near 
Stockton. 

Port  Clin'ton,  a  station  on  the  Port  Jervis  &  Mon- 
ticello  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Port  Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0., 
in  Portage  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Portage 
River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Sandusky,  and  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  ha«  a  good 
harbor,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill, 
and  1  or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2049, 


POR 


2200 


POR 


Port  Clinton,  a  post-borough  in  West  Brunswick 
township,  Schuylkill  «o.,Pa.,is  on  the:  Schuylkill  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Little  Schuylkill,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Reading.  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad, 
and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad  which  extends 
to  Tamaqua,  20  miles  distant.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  rolling-mill.    P.  (1890)  606. 

Port  Col'borne,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  of  On- 
tario, 00.  of  Welland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lak«  Erie,  at  the 
outlet  of  the  Welland  Canal,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  A  Welland  Railways,  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brantford. 
It  contains  several  churches,  stores,  and  hotels,  a  grain- 
elevator,  saw-mill,  flouring-mill,  brewery,  Ac.     Pop.  1500. 

Port  CoI'den,  a  post-village  of  Warrem  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  Canal,  I  mile  from  Washington,  and  about  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  a  church.  Canal-boats  are 
built  here. 

Port  Con'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Rappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church. 

Port  Cortez,  Honduras.    See  Caballos. 

Port  Crane,  a  post-village  in  Fenton  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  Al- 
bany &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Bingham- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Port  Cred'it,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Credit,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  14  miles  W.  of 
Toronto.     It  contains  3  stores  and  2  ship-yards.    Pop.  375. 

Port  Cres'cent,  a  post-village  in  Hume  township, 
Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  near  Lake  Huron,  at 
the  mouth  of  Pinnebog  River,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City, 
and  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Port  Austin.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  grist-mill,  and  3  lumber-mills.  Here  are  forests  of  pine, 
fir,  and  oak. 

Portcros,  pon^kros',  one  of  the  HySrea  Islands  of 
France,  department  of  Var,  5  miles  E.  of  Porquerolles.  It 
is  defended  by  several  forts. 

Port  Cur'tis,  a  harbor  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  24°S.;  Ion.  151°  30'  E. 

Port  Dalhousie,  dal-hoo'zee,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co. 
of  Lincoln,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  near  its  W. 
end,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on  the  Wel- 
land Railway,  6  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Catharines,  and  31  miles 
S.  of  Toronto  (by  water).  It  contains  several  churches, 
stores,  and  hotels,  2  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  ship- 
yards.    Pop.  1000. 

Port  Dan'iel,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  5 
•tores.     Pop.  200. 

Port  Darlington,  Canada.    See  Bowmanville. 

Port  DarAVin,  Australia.     See  Palkerston. 

Port  Dauphin,  Hayti.     See  Fokt  LiBERii. 

Port-de-Bouc,  France.     See  Bouc. 

Port-de-France,  New  Caledonia.     See  Noumea. 

Port  de  Grave,  d^h  griv,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the 
district  of  Brigus,  Newfoundland,  51  miles  from  St.  John's. 

Port-de-la-Montagne,  France.    See  Pout  Louis. 

Port  Den'ison,  an  excellent  harbor  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Queensland,  in  lat.  20°  S. 

Port  de  Paix,  Le,  Hayti.    See  Pout  a  Paix. 

Port  Deposit,  d^-poz'it,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  5-miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  41  miles  E.N.E.  Qf  Baltimore.  It  is  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  and  Columbia  &  Port 
Deposit  Railroads,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Port  De- 
posit Branch  Railroad.  Much  lumber,  which  has  been 
rafted  down  the  river,  is  transshipped  here.  Port  Deposit 
has  a  national  bank,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  3 
hotels,  and  valuable  quarries  of  granite.     P.  (1890)  1908. 

Port  Desire,  de-zir',  a  river  of  Patagonia,  rises  near 
lat.  49°  S.,  Ion.  75°  W.,  flows  N.E.,  and  falls  into  a  bay  of 
its  own  name,  in  the  South  Atlantic,  S.  of  Cape  Blanco. 
Total  course,  above  200  miles. 

Port  Desire,  a  bay  or  harbor  of  Patagonia,  on  the  E. 
coast,  in  lat.  47°  45'  S.,  Ion.  65°  65'  30"  W.,  formed  by  a 
river  of  its  own  name. 

Port  Dick'inson,  a  post-village  in  Binghamton 
township,  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2i 
miles  from  Binghamton.  It  has  a  paper-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  whips,  &c. 

Port  Discov'ery,  a  post-village  of  JefiFerson  co., 
Washington,  on  Puget  Sound,  about  80  miles  N.  of  Olympia. 
Pop.  162. 

Port  Do'ver,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of  On- 
tario, CO.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Lynn,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton,  and 


9  miles  S.E.  of  Simcoe.  It  contains  several  churches," 
hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  an  iron-foundry,  saw-,  grist 
and  woollen-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1100. 

Port  Dun^das',  a  portion  of  the  city  of  Glasgow,  it 
Scotland,  at  the  end  of  the  Forth  &  Clyde  Canal. 

Port  Durban,  South  Africa.     See  Durban. 

Port  £ads,  eedz,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parisb 
La.,  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  South  Pass,  one  of  the  outlets  i 
the  Mississippi  River.  Here  are  a  light-house,  and  jetti^ 
for  deepening  the  entrance  of  the  river. 

Port  Easy,  Essie,  or  Easie,  es'see,  a  fishing  vif 
lage  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Gordon] 

Port  Ed'gar,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  West  Falkland 
Island.     Lat.  62°  0'  42"  S. ;  Ion.  60°  13'  15"  W. 

Port  Ed'wards,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  oi 
the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,' 
5  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
planing-mill,  also  large  cranberry-marshes.     Pop.  of  Port 
Edwards  township,  310. 

Port  Eg'mont,  West  Falkland  Island,  off  its  N.  coast, 
between  Keppel  and  Saunders  Islands,  in  lat.  51°  21'  S. 

Portel,  poR-t51',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  20 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  2008. 

Portel,  Le,  l^h  poRHfil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  on  the  ocean,  2i  miles  from  Boulogne.     Pop.  3938. 

Port  Elgin,  Sl'ghin,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Baie  Verte,  30  miles  from  Shediao. 
Pop.  160.     See  also  Normanton  and  Edwardsburg. 

Port  Eliz'abeth,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Col- 
ony, at  the  W.  extremity  of  Algoa  Bay,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Uitenhage.  It  has  no  harbor  except  an  open  roadstead,  but 
its  export  trade  far  surpasses  that  of  all  the  other  ports  of 
the  colony.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways,  and  has 
many  handsome  warehouses,  factories,  and  villas,  and  a 
large  market-square  where  wool,  skins,  and  ivory  are  sold. 
Port  Elizabeth  is  the  seat  of  the  Grey  Institute,  a  school  of 
some  celebrity.  Near  the  town  is  a  valuable  salt-pan.  A 
breakwater  is  building  here.     Pop.  in  1891,  23,052. 

Port  Elizabeth,  a  post-village  in  Maurice  River 
township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Maurice  River,  2 
miles  from  Manamuskin  Station  of  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, and  6  or  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Millville.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  manufactory  of  glass,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Port  El'len,  a  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  K. 
side  of  the  island  of  Islay. 

Port  El'lesmere,  a  village  and  port  of  England,  iu 
Cheshire,  on  the  Mersey,  8^  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Liverpool. 

Port  Elms'ley,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Tay,  6  miles  from  Smith's  Falls. 

Portendic,  or  Portendik,  poRH6N»^deek',  a  French 
trading-station  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara,  160 
miles  N.  of  St.  Louis.     Lat.  18°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  2'  W. 

Por'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Kankakee  River, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Calumet  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Michigan  Central,  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  and 
Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railroads.  Capital,  Valpaniiso. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,942;  in  1880,  17,227;  in  1890,  18,052. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1006. 

Porter,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Oxford  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Ossipee  River,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1104. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1933. 

Porter,  a  post-village  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Porter 
township,  on  Pine  River,  11  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
about  55  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  several  lum- 
ber-mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  122. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    P.  1316. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Pop.  959. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2102. 
It  contains  Youngstown,  Ransomville,  Fort  Niagara,  <fec. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  819. 

Porter,  or  Pine  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0., 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Pomeroy.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Pine  Grove  Post-Office. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1965. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1546. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1101. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1253 

Porter,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about  W 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  625. 


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2201 


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Porter^  a  township  of  Lycoming  cc,  Pa.    Pop.  660. 
Porter,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  102. 
Porter,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  1167. 
Porter,  a  township  of  Rock  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  1166. 
Por'terfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in 
Kichland  township,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.     It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-faotory. 

Porter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches. 

Porter's,  Saginaw  CO.,  Mich.     See  Kandall. 
Porter's,  a  station  of  Rook  oo..  Wis.,  on  the  Western 
Union  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Beloit. 

Porter's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  li  miles  from  King's  Station,  which  is  10  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  grist- 
mills, and  a  saw-mill. 

Porter's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va., 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Littleton  Station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Porter's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Pa. 

Porter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis. 

Porter's  Precinct,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Porter's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Porter's  Side'ling,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Hanover  and  Hanover  Junction,  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Porter's  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co., 
Tex.,  9  or  10  miles  W.  of  Crockett.  It  has  2  ohurches,  an 
academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Porter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Porter  Station,  a  post-village  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake 
Shore  k  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,*  44  miles  S.E.  of 
Chicago,  and  3  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  brick-yard. 

Porter  Station,  Henry  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville 
&  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 

Portersville,  por't^rz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Tulare  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Tule  River,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Tulare  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Portersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Jasper.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Portersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Zanesville. 

Portersville,  a  post- village  in  Muddy  Creek  township, 
Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Castle.  It  has 
4  ohurches.     Pop.  198. 

Porterville,  pSr't^r-vil,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co., 
Ala.,  near  Wills  Creek,  and  on  the  Alabama  <&  Chattanooga 
Railroad,  61  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  church, 
an  institute,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Porterville,  Illinois.    See  Eatok. 

Porterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oo.,  N.T.,  on  Buf- 
falo Creek,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  cheese-fac- 
tory and  a  flour-mill. 

Port  Esperance,  Tasmania.  See  Adauson's  Harbor. 

Port  £s'sington,  a  bay  of  North  Australia,  on  the 
side  of  Coburg  Peninsula.  Its  shores  are  low  and  destitute 
of  vegetation.     The  climate  is  unhealthy. 

Port  Essington,  a  village  in  British  Columbia,  on  the 
Pacific,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Skeena,  in  lat.  64°  75'  N. 

Port  JBtch'es,  of  Alaska,  in  Prince  William's  Sound. 
Lat.  60°  21'  12"  N.;  Ion.  146°  32'  W. 

Port  Evv'en,  a  post-village  in  Esopus  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ron- 
dout,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston,  and  1^  miles  from  Rondout. 
It  was  built  by  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company,  and  is 
mainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal,  which  is  brought 
hither  on  the  Delaware  k  Hudson  Canal.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  brick-kiln.     Pop.  in  1890,  1211. 

Port  Felix,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Molasses  Harbor. 

Port  Frank,  or  Golden  Creek,  a  village  in  Lamb- 
ton  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  River  aux  Sables,  5  miles  from 
Widder.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Fran'ko,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Charlotte 
Amalie,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  St.  Thomas. 

Port  Gal'lant,  a  cove  of  South  America,  in  the  Strait 
of  Magellan.     Lat.  53°  41'  45"  S.j  Ion.  72°  0'  51"  W. 

Port  Gam'ble,  a  post-village  of  Kitsap  co.,  Washing- 
ton, on  Puget  Sound,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Seattle. 

Port  Genesee,  New  York.    See  Charlotte. 

Port  George,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  16  miles  from  Lawrencetown. 

Port  Gib'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Claiborne  co., 
Miss.,  on  Bayou  Pierre,  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  about 
82  mUes  S.  by  W.  of  Vicksburg,  and  40  miles  N.E.  of 
139 


NatohcE.  It  is  connected  by  railroad  with  Grand  Gulf,  S 
miles  distant.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  7  churches,  2 
academies,  a  masonic  hall,  a  court-bouse,  and  a  jail.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1524. 

Port  Gibson,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township, 
Ontario  oo.,  N.T.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  28  miles  E.S.E 
of  Rochester.     It  contains  a  church  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Port  Glas'gow,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Clyde,  3  miles  E.  of  Greenock,  and 
16  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  9912.  It  has 
endowed  and  other  schools,  public  libraries,  several  branch 
banks,  two  large  harbors  with  good  quays,  and  a  large 
graving-dock.  Ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  the  town 
has  important  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  coarse  linens,  and 
ropes,  with  sugar-refineries  and  flax-mills.  It  was  formerly 
the  seaport  of  Glasgow,  and  is  the  chief  port  on  the  Clyde 
for  imports  of  timber. 

Port  Glas'gow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
Sodus  Bay,  3  miles  from  Alton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Port  Glasgow,  a  village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  15  miles  from  Newbury.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Glenone,  glfin*5n',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Antrim,  on  the  Bann,  8  miles  W.  of  Ballymena.    Pop.  697. 

Port  Gor'don,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  4 
miles  E.S.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Spoy.     Pop.  970. 

Port  Grace,  Newfoundland.    See  Harbor  Grack. 

Port  Gran'by,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontaric^, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  with  a  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
road (called  Newton ville),  54  miles  B.  of  Toronto.     P.  100. 

Port  Greville,  grev'il,  or  Ratch'ford  River,  a 
post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Greville 
Bay,  15  miles  from  Parrsborough.     Pop.  250. 

Port  Hack'ing,  a  beautiful  harbor  of  New  South 
Wales,  18  miles  S.  of  Port  Jackson. 

Port  Har'ford,  a  hamlet  of  San  Luis  Obispo  oo.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 

Port  Har'relson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  on 
Bull  Creek,  50  miles  E.  of  Kingstree.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  Hast'ings,  or  Plaister  (pl5.s't?r)  Cove,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Gut  of 
Canso,  72  miles  E.  of  New  Glasgow,  a  repeating-station  of 
the  ocean  telegraphs.     It  has  large  fisheries  and  trade. 

Port  HaAvkesbury,  hawks'b^r-e,  a  seaport  town  of 
Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  75  miles 
E.  of  New  Glasgow.  It  has  2  marine  railways  and  several 
stores.     A  large  trade  is  done  in  fish  and  general  produce. 

Port  Hay'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matthews  co.,  Va., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  2  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Porth  Ceri,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Porth  Kerbt. 

Port  Hen'ry,  a  post-office  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla. 

Port  Henry,  a  post-village  in  Moriah  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Canada  Railroad,  40 
miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  and  about  35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bur- 
lington, Vt.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  2  miles  from  Mount  Bulwagga.  It  contains  a 
graded  school,  a  national  bank,  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  blast-furnaces,  and  several  bloomeries.  It  exports* 
much  magnetic  iron  ore.     Pop.  in  1890,  2436. 

Port  Henry,  a  spacious  harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Patagonia,  near  Cape  Tres  Puntas.     Lat.  50°  S. 

Port  Her'bert,  a  maritime  hamlet  of  Nova  Scotia,  3 
miles  from  Port  Joly. 

Port  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  Richmond  Bay,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Summer- 
side.   It  has  a  saw-mill,  grist-mills,  and  ship-yards.    P.  360. 

Port  Johnson,  New  Jersey.     See  Bayonne. 

Porth  Kerry,  or  Porth  Ceri,  porth  kir'ree,  a  sea 
port  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Cardiff. 

Porth'leven,  a  seaport  village  of  England,  in  Corn- 
wall, 2  miles  S.W.  of  Helstone.     Pop.  1562. 

Port  Ho'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  k  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  Coal  and  fire-clay  are 
found  here. 

Port  Hood,  or  Jes'tico,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  capital  of  the  oo.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  28  miles  N.  of  Port  Hastings.  Its  harbor  is  safe, 
it  has  good  anchorage,  and  it  is  a  rendezvous  for  the  mack- 
erel-fleet, of  which  as  many  as  500  sail  can  sometimes  be 
seen  at  one  time.  The  town  contains  a  hotel  and  half  a 
dozen  stores.  There  are  rich  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity. 
Pop.  700.     Port  Hood  Island  lies  off  the  harbor. 

Port  Hoo'ver,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Scugog  Lake,  9  miles  S.  of  Oakwood.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Hope,  a  post  village  and  shipping-point  in  Rubi- 
con township,  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  70 


POR 


2202 


POR 


miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Huron.    It  has  a  ohuroh,  and  manu- 
factures  of  leather,  lumber,  and  salt. 

Port  Hope^  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  Wis.,  on 
Fox  River,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Portage  City,  and  1  mile  from 
Corning  Station. 

Port  Hope,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  capi- 
tal of  the  CO.  of  Durham,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  Midland  Railway,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  63  miles  E.  of  Toronto.  It  commands  fine  views 
of  the  lake,  and  has  5  or  6  churches,  3  branch  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  several  hotels,  5  flouring-mills,  a  plaster-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  a  distillery,  2  breweries,  and  manufactories 
of  woollens,  buttons,  leather,  steam-engines,  machinery,  iron 
castings,  &o.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and  the 
'harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake.    Pop.  5114. 

Port  Howe,  h6w,  a  landing-place  on  the  B.  coast  of 
Cat  Island,  in  the  Bahama  Islands. 

Port  Hud'son,  a  post- village  of  East  Feliciana  parish, 
La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Clinton  <fc  Port  Hudson  Railroad,  about  22  miles  above 
Baton  Rouge.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory.  The 
product  of  many  plantations  of  cotton  is  shipped  here. 
General  Banks  took  this  place,  with  about  6000  prisoners, 
July  9,  1863. 

Port  Hudson,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  about 
62  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Port  Hun'ter,  an  inlet  of  New  South  Wales,  75  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sydney.  Lat.  32°  55'  S.;  Ion.  151°  48'  E.  It 
receives  the  Hunter  River,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  its  entrance 
has  the  town  of  Newcastle. 

Port  Huron,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Michigan,  the 
capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  is  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  at  the  foot 
of  Lake  Huron,  and  opposite  Sarnia,  Canada,  which  is  con- 
nected with  it  by  steam  ferry-boats  and  by  a  tunnel  under 
the  St.  Clair  River,  6118  feet  in  length  and  one  of  the 
greatest  engineering  feats  of  modern  times.  It  is  also  at 
the  mouth  of  Black  River,  and  here  converge  three  impor- 
tant railroads.  By  rail  it  is  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  to 
which  steamboats  ply  daily,  and  66  miles  E.  of  Flint.  It 
contains  a  city  hall,  a  court-house,  17  churches,  a  high 
school,  14  ward  schools,  6  private  schools,  4  national  banks 
with  savings  departments,  2  private  banks,  an  opera-house, 
2  gas-plants  for  fuel  gas,  and  an  electric-plant  for  lighting 
and  for  street-cars.  The  city  is  supplied  with  water  from 
Lake  Huron,  and  has  ship-yards  with  extensive  dry-docks, 
flouring-mills,  saw-mills,  grain-elevators,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  daily,  5  weekly,  and  3  monthly  peri- 
odicals. There  is  a  fine  government  building  (custom- 
house and  post-office)  which  cost  $250,000.  The  city  was 
incorporated  in  1857.  Pop.  in  1890,  13,513;  in  1894, 
18,147. 

Poitici>  poR'te-ohe,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  a  railway,  and 
on  the  Bay  of  Naples,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  at  the  N. 
foot  of  Vesuvius.  Pop.  11,792.  It  is  beautifully  situated, 
and  has  a  large  royal  palace,  adorned  with  pictures  and 
frescoes  from  the  walls  of  Pompeii,  a  museum  of  antique 
statues,  bronzes,  arms,  and  furniture  taken  from  the  buried 
cities,  and  a  magnificent  park  and  garden.  It  has  also 
several  other  fine  residences,  a  large  church,  a  monastery, 
ribbon-manufactures,  an  active  fishery,  and  a  coasting-trade. 

Portico,  poR'te-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  36  miles  N.E. 
of  Florence,  on  the  Montone.     Pop.  2757. 

Portillo,  poR-teel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1115. 

Portillo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province 
and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1650. 

Portillo,  poR-teel'yo,  a  mountain-pass  of  the  Andes>  in 
Chili.     Lat.  33°  40'  S.     Height,  14,365  feet. 

Portim&o,  PortugaL    See  Villanova  de  Portimao. 

Port'ishead,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
on  the  Bristol  Channel,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Bristol. 
It  has  a  large  floating  pier,  or  breakwater,  for  the  shelter 
of  ocean  steamers. 

Port  Jack'son,  a  post-village  in  Florida  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Mo- 
hawk River,  opposite  Amsterdam,  and  33  miles  by  railroad 
W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  a  broom- 
factory,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Port  Jackson,  Ulster  co.,  ^.Y.    See  Accord. 

Port  Jack'son,  an  inlet  of  New  South  Wales,  co.  of 
Cumberland,  in  lat.  33°  51'  S.,  Ion.  151°  18'  E.  It  extends 
15  miles  inland,  and  forms  one  of  the  finest  harbors  known. 
The  city  of  Sydney  is  on  its  S.  side. 

Port  Jefferson,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brooklyn.     It  ha«  a  good  harbor,  a  large  summer  hotel,  3 


churches,  and  1  or  2  newspaper  offices.  Ship-building  is 
carried  on  here.  A  steam  ferry-boat  daily  crosses  the  Sound 
from  this  place  to  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  which  is  about  20 
miles  distant.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Port  Jefferson  (Pratt  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Shelby 
CO.,  0.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  a 
feeder  of  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal,  about  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Piqua,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  410. 

Port  Jer'vis,  a  post-town  in  Deer  Park  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  i  mile  above 
the  mouth  of  the  Neversink  River,  88  miles  N.W.  of  New 
York,  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Middletown.  It  is  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Monticello  Branch, 
and  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  and  is  surrounded  by 
attractive  scenery.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  union  school, 
2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  extensive  workshops  and 
round-houses  of  the  railroad,  an  iron-foundry,  and  several 
factories.  One  daily,  one  tri-weekly,  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9327. 

Port  Jol'ly,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  25  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  200. 

Port  Ken'nedy,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Merion  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on 
the  Reading  Railroad,  4^  miles  above  Norristown.  It  hai 
an  iron-furnace,  2  lime-kilns,  and  a  church.     Pop.  516. 

Port  Kent,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Laka 
Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  <S;  Canada  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Plattsburg,  and  about  10  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Burlington,  Yt.  It  is  connected  with  the  latter  by  a 
steam  ferry.  Large  quantities  of  iron  are  exported  from 
this  place.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  Knock'ie  or  Nock'ie,  a  fishing  village  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Banff;  2  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cullen.     Pop.  1235 

Port  La  Mar,  a  seaport  of  Bolivia.     See  Cobija. 

Port  Lambton,  Ontario.    See  Lambton. 

Portland,  England.    See  Isle  of  Portland. 

Port'land,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
bama River,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Selma. 

Portland,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Portland,  a  post-village  of  Ouray  co..  Col.,  about  300 
miles  from  Garland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  smelting- 
works  for  silver,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Portland,  a  post-village  in  Portland  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Conn.,  opposite  Middletown,  on  the  Boston  & 
New  York  Air-Line  Railroad,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  several 
churches.  Here  are  valuable  quarries  of  red  sandstone 
(freestone),  an  excellent  material  for  building,  of  which 
many  fine  edifices  in  New  York  and  other  cities  have  been 
built.  Nearly  1200  men  are  employed  in  these  quarries. 
Portland  has  a  manufactory  of  engine-governors,  and  a  fine 
i-ailroad-bridge  over  the  river.  P.  of  township  (1890),  4687 

Portland,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.  It  it 
bounded  N.W.  by  Rock  River.     Pop.  986. 

Portland,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  Salamonie  River,  and  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Richmond  &  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  43  miles  N.  of 
Richmond,  and  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Muncie.  It  has  3 
newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  and  3  churches.  P.  (1890)  3725. 

Portland,  a  village  in  Kankakee  township,  La  Porte 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <&  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.E.  of  La  Porte.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Rolling  Prairie  Post-Office. 

Portland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Portland  township,  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Mason  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  397. 

Portland,  a  township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa.     P.  469. 

Portland,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.    P.  249 

Portland,  a  village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Portland,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  Maine,  a  port 
of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Cumberland  co.,  on  Cascc 
Bay,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta,  105  miles  N.E.  of  Bos- 
ton, 292  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal,  and  317  miles  from  Quebec. 
Lat.  43°  39'  27"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  15'  40"  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  narrow  peninsula  or  tongue  of  land  projecting 
from  the  W.  shore  of  Casco  Bay.  This  peninsula  is  about 
3  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  and  rises  at  each  extremity 
into  considerable  elevations,  giving  the  city  a  beautiful 
appearance  as  it  is  approached  from  the  sea.  Its  breadth 
averages  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  though  it  is  much 
wider  than  this  at  its  eastern  termination  and  also  at  its 
junction  with  the  mainland.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the 
best  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  anchorage  being  protected 


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on  every  side  by  land,  the  communication  with  the  ocean 
easy  and  direct,  and  the  depth  sufficient  for  the  largest 
ships.  Although  in  a  northern  latitude,  it  is  never  entirely 
closed  by  ice,  even  in  the  very  coldest  weather.  The  prin- 
cipal entrance  lies  between  the  mainland  of  Cape  Elizabeth 
on  the  S.W.  and  House  and  Cushing's  Islands  on  the  N.E. ; 
it  is  defended  by  Fort  Preble,  on  Cape  Elizabeth,  and  tor- 
pedo-stations on  Cape  Elizabeth  and  Diamond  Island,  N. 
of  the  ship  channel.  Fortifications  are  in  progress  at  Port- 
land Head,  on  Cape  Elizabeth,  3  miles  from  the  city,  and 
on  the  southerly  side  of  Cushing's  Island,  where  modern 
rifled-cannon  will  command  the  entrance  to  the  harbor. 
The  city,  with  but  few  exceptions,  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
handsomely  built,  chiefly  of  brick.  Congress  street  is  the 
principal  thoroughfare,  and  extends  from  Manjoy  Hill  on 
the  E.  to  Bramhall's  Hill  on  the  W.,  following  the  ridge 
of  the  peninsula  throughout  its  length. 

Among  the  public  buildings  of  Portland  are  a  splendid 
city  hall,  built  in  1867-68,  of  drab-colored  sandstone,  sur- 
mounted by  a  lofty  dome;  a  spacious  granite  custom-house, 
a  post-office  of  marble,  the  Maine  general  hospital,  the 
home  for  aged  women,  the  female  orphan  asylum,  a  granite 
mechanics'  hall,  and  a  beautiful  public  library  building, 
the  gift  to  the  city  of  Hon.  James  P.  Baxter.  The  churches 
are  33  in  number,  viz.,  8  Trinitarian  Congregationalist,  2 
Unitarian,  2  Universalist,  3  Baptist,  3  Protestant  Episcopal, 
6  Methodist  Episcopal,  2  Roman  Catholic,  1  Swedenbor- 
gian,  1  Quaker,  2  Lutheran,  1  Presbyterian,  2  Second  Ad- 
vent. It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  and  of  the  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  bishop  of  Maine. 

Portland  has  several  scientific  and  literary  institutions, 
among  which  are  the  Portland  Society  of  Natural  History, 
the  Portland  Athenaeum,  incorporated  in  1826,  the  Portland 
Institute  and  Public  Library,  the  law  library,  the  Maine 
Charitable  Mechanic  Association,  and  about  60  other 
literary,  scientific,  and  charitable  societies,  some  of  them 
of  more  than  local  importance.  Near  the  city  limits  are  a 
state  reform  school  and  the  United  States  marine  hospital. 
Portland  enjoys  excellent  facilities  both  for  ocean  com- 
merce and  for  inland  trade.  In  addition  to  its  excellent 
harbor  advantages,  it  has  railway  communication  with  the 
seaboard  for  many  hundred  miles,  and  with  the  various  im- 
portant sections  of  the  interior.  The  Grand  Trunk  Railway 
connects  Portland  with  Montreal  and  Detroit,  thereby  form- 
ing a  direct  channel  for  the  rich  commerce  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence  and  of  the  great  lakes.  Portland  is  also  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Boston  &  Maine,  Portland  &  Rochester,  and 
Portland  &  Rumford  Falls  Railroads,  and  of  3  important 
divisions  of  the  Maine  Central  Railway.  The  city  has  an 
extensive  foreign  and  coastwise  trade,  the  annual  value  of 
exports  in  recent  years  averaging  $9,000,000,  and  of  im- 
ports $8,000,000.  The  value  of  the  shipping  owned  in  the 
customs  district  of  Portland  amounts  to  over  60,000  tons. 
There  are  excellent  facilities  for  the  transfer  of  freight  from 
the  railways  to  the  shipping,  such  as  warehouses  and  a 
grain-elevator.  There  are  also  a  dry-dock  and  marine 
railway,  and  other  facilities  for  the  repair  of  ships.  Lines 
of  steamers  ply  regularly  hence  to  many  of  the  coast  cities 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  there  is  in  winter  a 
regular  steam  communication  with  Liverpool.  Portland 
has  8  national  banks  (total  capital,  $3,650,000),  and  2 
savings-banks,  with  $13,600,000  in  deposits.  There  are  3 
lines  of  horse-railroad  and  2  lines  of  electric  railway  in  the 
city,  affording  also  communication  with  some  of  the  sub- 
urban villages.  The  town  is  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity, 
and  it  is  abundantly  supplied  with  pure  water,  brought  17 
miles  from  Sebago  Lake.  There  are  extensive  manufac- 
turing interests,  railroad-oars,  locomotives,  marine  and 
other  engines,  heavy  forged  iron  goods,  and  railway  iron 
being  important  articles  of  manufacture.  The  refining  of 
petroleum  and  other  minor  industries  are  extensively 
carried  on.  There  are  19  public  schools,  including  a  high 
school  with  500  pupils,  and  a  school  for  the  deaf  and  dumb. 
Portland  has  4  daily,  10  weekly,  and  several  other  news- 
papers and  periodicals.  It  is  much  visited  as  a  watering- 
place,  and  in  its  immediate  vicinity  are  many  fine  seaside 
summer  resorts.  The  city  is  considered  remarkably  healthy. 
Portland  was  settled  by  an  English  colony  in  1632.  Its 
Indian  name  was  Machigonne.  During  the  wars  in  which 
the  colonies  were  involved  with  the  Indians,  the  French, 
and  the  mother-country,  this  town  suffered  the  severest 
disasters ;  three  times  it  was  entirely  destroyed.  Since  the 
Revolution  it  has  steadily  increased  in  wealth  and  popula- 
tion. The  city  charter  was  granted  in  1832.  In  1866  a 
large  part  of  the  city  was  destroyed  by  fire.  Pop.  in  1830, 
12,601;  iR  1840,  16,218;  in  1860,  20,816;  in  1860,  26,342; 
in  1870,  31,413;  in  1880,  33,810;  in  1890,  36,426,  exclusive 


of  several  contiguous  villages,  the  city  proper  covering  only 
1666  acres  of  land. 

Portland)  a  post-village  in  Portland  township,  Ionia 
ci.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Look- 
ing-GIass  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern 
Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Ionia.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  banking-offices,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  union  school,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  foundries. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1678;  of  the  township,  2620.  It  has  exten- 
sive water-power,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  sash, 
and  blinds. 

Portland)  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  30  miles  below  Jefferson 
City.     It  has  a  good  landing,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Portland)  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  traversed  by 
the  Lake  Shore  <k  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains post- villages  named  Brocton  and  Portland.  Portland 
is  on  the  railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  grape- wine.  Pop.  about 
350 ;  of  the  township,  2048. 

Portland)  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.  Pop.  681,  ex- 
clusive of  Sandusky. 

Portland)  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  9  miles  above  Wheeling,  and  13  miles  N.  of 
Bellaire.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Portland  Station.     See  also  Oak  Hill. 

Portland)  a  post-village  in  Lebanon  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Pomeroy. 

Portland)  the  most  populous  city  of  Oregon,  a  port  of 
entry,  and  the  capital  of  Multnomah  co.,  is  situated  on  the 
loft  (W.)  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  12  miles  from  its 
Junction  with  the  Columbia,  and  about  100  miles  from  the 
ocean.  It  is  772  miles  by  rail  from  San  Francisco,  2066 
miles  from  Minneapolis,  and  145  miles  S.  of  Tacoma.  Lat. 
45°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  27'  30"  W.  Steamboats  ply  regularly 
between  this  port  and  San  Francisco,  Olympia,  and  other 
places  on  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia  River.  Portland 
contains  a  court-house,  about  20  churches,  a  custom-house,  a 
public  school  system  embracing  a  high  school  and  grammar- 
schools,  a  seminary  for  girls,  called  St.  Helen's  Hall,  a  na- 
tional bank  with  a  capital  of  $250,000,  2  other  banks,  an 
asylum  for  the  insane,  gas-works,  3  iron-foundries,  several 
machine-shops,  flour-mills,  breweries,  and  manufactories  of 
engines,  boilers,  clothing,  leather,  carriages,  brooms,  brushes, 
furniture,  &c.  There  were  in  1890  over  500  manufacturing 
establishments  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $16,808,028, 
giving  employment  to  9240  hands,  and  yielding  a  product 
valued  at  $24,429,449.  Here  are  printing-offices  which 
issue  4  daily,  about  20  weekly,  and  several  monthly  peri- 
odicals. Portland  commands  a  fine  view  of  Mount  Hood, 
which  is  30  miles  distant.  Pop.  in  1870,  8293;  in  1880, 
17,577;  in  1890,  46,385. 

Portland)  a  post- village  in  Upper  Mount  Bethel  town- 
ship, Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  a  railroad  to  Bangor,  3  miles  S.  of  the  Water 
Gap,  5  miles  S.  of  Water  Gap  Station,  9  miles  from  Belvi- 
dere,  and  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Easton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  machine- 
shop,  2  saw-mills,  3  hotels,  4  quarries  of  limestone,  2  plan- 
ing-mills,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
school  slates,  lime,  and  leather.  The  product  of  the  great 
Bangor  slate-quarries  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  in   1890,  676. 

Portland)  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Cranberry. 

Portland)  a  hamlet  in  Portland  township,  Dodge  Co., 
Wis.,  near  Crawfish  River,  and  1  mile  from  Waterloo  Station. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1321. 

Portland)  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.  Pop.  886. 
It  contains  Portland  Centre  Post-Office. 

Portland)  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Rideau  Lake,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  200. 

Portland)  a  post-town  and  parish  of  ^.  John  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  adjoining  the  city  of  St.  John.  Its  streets 
are  lighted  with  gas,  and  are  well  built.  It  contains  a 
number  of  large  steam  saw-mills,  and  several  ship-yards 
and  iron-foundries.  A  rich  plumbago-mine  is  worked  near 
the  Falls,  and  sulphate  of  barytes  is  also  found  in  the  neigh- 
borhood. A  handsome  suspension-bridge  connects  this 
parish  with  Lancaster.     Pop.  12,520.     See  Saint  John. 

Portland)  a  village  in  Ottawa  oo.,  Quebec,  12  miles 
from  Buckingham.    Pop.  100. 

Port'land)  a  borough  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  on 
Portland  Bay,  170  miles  W.S.W.  of  Melbourne.     P.  2372. 

Portland  Bay)  a  wide  inlet  of  Australia,  lat.  38°  25- 
S.,  Ion.  142°  E.,  bounded  W.  by  Cape  Nelson. 


POR 


2204 


POR 


Portland  Bill.     See  Isle  op  Portland. 

Portland  Centre,  Monroe  co.,  Wis.    See  Portland. 

Portland  Channel,  ofiF  the  "W.  coast  of  North  Amer- 
ica, stretches  inland,  in  lat.  55°  N.,  Ion.  130°  W.,  and  sepa- 
rates Alaska  from  British  America. 

Port  Lan'dis,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River. 

Portland  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Pacific,  W. 
of  New  Hanover.    Lat.  2°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  149°  29'  E. 

Portland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Raccoon  Creek,  about  32  miles  N.B.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Portland  Station,  Jefferson  oo.,  0.     See  Portland. 

Port'landville,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pembina 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Portlandville,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Cooperstown  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  12i  miles  S.  of 
Cooperstown,  and  68  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  2  saw-mills,  &c. 

Port  La  Tour,  li  toor,  a  post-settlement  in  Shelburne 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Barrington. 

Port  Lavaca,  li-vi'ki,  a  post-village  of  Texas,  capital 
of  Calhoun  co.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lavaca  Bay,  about  22 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  125  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Galveston,  It  is  near  the  mouth  of  the  Lavaca  River,  and 
is  on  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  factory  for  canning 
beef.     Pop.  768. 

PortMaw',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Waterford,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Suir.  Pop.  3774,  mostly 
employed  in  cotton-factories. 

Port  Lew'is,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  Lake  St.  Francis,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

PortLeyden,  li'd§n,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.T., 
on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad, 
42  miles  N.  of  Utica,  and  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lowville.  It 
is  mostly  in  Leyden  township,  and  is  on  the  Black  River 
Canal.  It  contains  4  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  several 
large  tanneries,  and  saw-mills.  Near  this  place  are  re- 
markable waterfalls  and  rapids.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Port  Lincoln,  link'9n,  a  village  of  Australia,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Spencer  Gulf.     Lat.  34°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  50'  E. 

Port  Louis,  port  loo'is  (Fr.  pron.  poR  loo^ee'),  a  sea- 
port town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  2J  miles  S.  of  Lorient, 
on  a  peninsula  at  the  entrance  of  its  bay.  Pop.  3262.  It 
is  defended  by  a  citadel  on  a  neighboring  rock,  and  has  an 
arsenal.  The  fishery  and  trade  in  pilchards  form  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  poorer  classes.  It  was  founded  by  Louis 
XIII.,  in  1635. 

Port  Louis,  Falkland  Islands.    See  Stanley. 

Port  Lou'is,  or  Port  North-west',  the  capital  town 
of  the  island  of  Mauritius,  at  the  head  of  a  bay,  on  its 
N.W.  side.  Lat.  20°  9'  S.;  Ion.  57°  28'  E.  Pop.  74,525. 
It  has  a  citadel,  good  barracks,  a  bazaar,  a  theatre,  a  public 
library,  and  a  hospital.  The  town  and  harbor  are  strongly 
fortified,  but  the  entrance  to  the  latter  is  difficult.  Port 
Louis  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops, 
has  9  churches  and  chapels,  a  mosque,  Hindoo  and  Chinese 
temples,  2  colleges,  and  5  daily  newspapers,  and  is  the  ter- 
minus of  two  lines  of  railway. 

Port  Louis,  a  maritime  town  of  Guadeloupe,  West 
Indies,  on  the  Great  Cul-de-Sac,  12  miles  N.  ot  La  Pointe- 
a-Pitre.     It  has  a  small  harbor,  defended  by  forts. 

Port  Louisa,  lou-e'za,  a  post-hamlet  in  Port  Louisa 
township,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
15  miles  below  Muscatine,  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
75,  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Iowa 
River,  and  has  a  pop,  of  721. 

Por^  Lud'low,  a  post-village  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  Puget  Sound,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Port  Town- 
send,     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  259, 

Port  Lyttelton,  New  Zealand.    See  Ltttelton. 

Port  Macquar'ie,  an  inlet  of  New  South  Wales,  at 
the  mouth  of  Hastings  River;  lat.  of  entrance,  31°  25'  S., 
Ion.  152°  57'  E.  It  is  visited  regularly  by  steamers.  At 
high  water  there  is  a  depth  of  9  feet  on  the  bar.  Port 
Macquarie  is  a  town  on  the  same  bay.     Pop.  614. 

Port  Mad'ison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kitsap  oo., 
Washington,  on  Bainbridge  Island,  and  on  the  W.  shore  of 
Puget  Sound,  about  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Olympia,  and  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Seattle.  It  has  several  saw-mills.  Lumber 
is  the  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  249. 

Portmad'oc,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Wales,  oo.  of 
Carnarvon,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Cardigan  Bay,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Crickeith.     It  is  3 


feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  but  is  protected  by  embank- 
ments. The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300  tons'  burden,  and 
has  a  thriving  trade  in  slates  from  the  quarries  of  Festiniog, 
in  Merionethshire. 

Port  Maholmack,  p5rt  mi-hS'mak,  a  village  and 
seaport  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Dornoch  Firth,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cromarty. 

Port  Mahon,  mi-h5n'  (Sp.  Puerto  Mahon,  pwfiR'to 
mi-hSn' ;  anc.  Por'tus  Mago'nia),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
capital  of  Minorca,  one  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  on  its  S. 
side,  in  lat.  39°  52'  N.,  Ion.  4°  20'  E.  Pop.  18,588.  It  is 
the  residence  of  the  military  governor  and  of  the  Bishop 
of  Minorca,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  shoes  for 
the  Cuba  trade.  Its  port  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  com- 
modious in  the  Mediterranean. 

Port  Mait'Iand,  or  Broad  Creek,  a  post-village 
in  Monck  co.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  near  its  entrance 
into  Lake  Erie.     Pop,  100. 

Port  Mari'a,  a  seaport  village  of  Jamaica,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  its  N,  coast,  25  miles  E.  of  St.  Ann's, 

Port  Mary,  a  creek  of  Scotland,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of 
the  entrance  to  Kirkcudbright  Bay,  where  Mary  Queen  of 
Soots  embarked  in  her  flight  to  England. 

Port  MatiI'da,  a  post-village  in  Worth  township, 
Centre  co..  Pa,,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  28  miles  N,E.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Port  Matoun,  m&-toon'  (or  Mouton)  Island,  at 
the  W,  entrance  to  Port  Matoun,  Queens  co,.  Nova  Scotia, 

Port  Medi'na,  a  town  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
the  Bay  Islands,  Honduras,  on  the  island  of  Ruatan,  It 
has  a  large  trade  with  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain. 

Port  Med'way,  or  Mill  Vil'lage,  a  seaport  town 
of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Queens  co.,  at  the  head  of  a  capacious 
harbor,  96  miles  S.W,  of  Halifax,  It  has  several  stores, 
mills,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  600. 

Port  Mer'cer,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co,,  N.J.,  on  the 
Morris  Canal,  2i  miles  from  Lawrence  Station. 

Port  Mhaddra,  Egypt.    See  Baretoon. 

PortMou'mouth,  a  post- village  in  Middletown  town- 
ship, Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  Sandy  Hook  Bay,  20  miles  S. 
of  New  York,  and  7  or  8  miles  N.  of  Red  Bank.  It  is  the 
N,  terminus  of  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  It  con- 
tains 2  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  trade  and  th« 
fisheries,  and  has  manufactures  of  fish  oil  and  guano. 

Port  Monte,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Puerto  Montt. 

Port  Movant',  a  seaport  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica, 
6  miles  E,  of  the  town  of  Morant. 

Port  Moresby,  mSrz'be,  a  town  and  English  mission 
on  the  S,  coast  of  Papua. 

Port  Mor'ris,  a  post- village  of  Morris  co,,  N.J,,  in 
Roxbury  township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  8  miles 
W,  of  Dover,     It  has  2  churches. 

Port  Mul'grave,  a  harbor  on  the  E.  side  of  Admiralty 
Bay,  Alaska,     Lat.  59°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  149°  43'  W, 

Port  Mulgrave,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co, 
of  Guysborough,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  opposite  Port  Hawkes- 
bury.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  fishing-stations  in 
theprovince.     Pop,  400. 

Port  Mur'ray,  a  post-village  in  Mansfield  township, 
Warren  co,,  N,J.,  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  the  Morris 

6  Essex  Railroad,  17i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop,  about  100, 

Portnaha'ven,  a  fishing  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  on  the  island  of  Islay.     Pop.  411. 

Port  Naranjo,  Cuba.    See  Puerto  Naeanjo. 

Port  Natal,  Africa.    See  Durban, 

Port  Nel'son,  a  post- village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Halton, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toronto,     Pop.  200. 

Portneuf,  port^nuf  (Fr.  pron,  poR^nuf),  a  county  of 
Quebec,  on  the  N,  shore  of  the  St,  Lawrence,  has  an  area 
of  7255  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  river  St.  Mau-- 
rice.     Capital,  Cap  Sant6.     Pop,  23,216, 

Portneuf,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Portneuf, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Portneuf  River  into  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  36  miles  above  Quebec.  It  has  2  paper-mills, 
saw-,  flour-,  and  carding-mills,  a  nail-factory,  2  hotels,  and 

7  or  8  stores.     Pop.  800, 

Portneuf,  a  village  in  Saguenay  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Portneuf  River,  45  miles 
below  Tadousac.     Pop,  600. 

Port  Neuf  River,  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  westward, 
and  enters  the  Snake  River  near  lat.  42°  56'  N.  It  is  about 
110  miles  long.     Basalt  abounds  in  the  canon  of  this  river. 

Port  Nicholson,  nik'gl-spn,  a  harbor  of  New  Zea- 
land, in  Cook  Strait,  at  the  S,  extremity  of  North  Island, 
with  Wellington  on  its  W.  side. 


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Port  Nix'on,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.T.,  in  Wawar- 
ring  township,  8  miles  from  Ellenville. 

Port  Nockie,  Scotland.    See  Port  Knockie. 

Port  Nol'loth,  a  seaport  town  of  Cape  Colony,  on  the 
W.  ooast,  and  on  Rubbe  Bay,  a  small  inlet  50  miles  S.E.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Orange  River.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a 
railway  extending  into  Ihe  interior  of  Namaqua  Land  for 
transpojting  the  copper  ores  which  form  the  chief  article 
of  export. 

Port  Nor'ris,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Maurice  River,  about  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Bridgeton.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Bridgeton 
k  Port  Norris  Railroad.  I(  has  a  church  and  a  trade  in 
oysters. 

Port  Northwest,  Mauritius.    See  Port  Louis. 

Porto,  poR'to  (anc.  Por'tua  Traja'nus),  a  ruined  city 
and  port  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  on  the  Tiber. 
Here  are  the  basins  formed  by  Claudius  and  Trajan,  with 
other  remains  and  traces  of  the  ancient  city. 

Porto,  a  city  of  Portugal.    See  Oporto. 

Porto,  poR'to,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
86  miles  from  Zamora.     Pop.  1069. 

Porto  Alegre,  poR'to  i-li'gri,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capi- 
tal of  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  160  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Rio  Grande,  at  the  N.  end  of  Lago  de  los  Patos.  It  has  a 
hospital  and  schools.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  30,000. 

Porto  Alegre,  a  small  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Bahia,  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Porto  Seguro. 

Porto  Alegre,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande 
do  Norte,  190  miles  W.  of  Natal.     Pop.  4000. 

Porto  Atacames,  poB'to  i-ti-ki'mfis  (Sp.  Puerto 
Atacames,  pwjR'to  A-ti-ka'mSs),  a  harbor  of  Ecuador,  on 
the  Pacific,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Quito. 

Por'to  Bel'lo,  a  seaport  town  and  summer  resort  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  at  a 
railway  j  unction,  3  miles  E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  assembly- 
rooms,  a  branch  bank,  brick-works,  potteries,  and  glass-, 
soap-,  lead-,  and  mustard-factories.  The  burgh  unites  with 
Leith  and  Musselburgh  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  5481. 

Porto  Bello,  poR'to  bSl'lo,  or  Garonpas,  gS,-r&'- 
pis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name,  25  miles  S.  of  Desterro.  Lat.  27°  8'  S. 
See  also  Puerto  Bello. 

Porto  Cabello,  Venezuela.     See  Puerto  Cabello. 

Porto  Calvo,  poR'to  kil'vo,  formerly  Bom-Suc- 
cesso,  b6N«-soo-s&s'so,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Alagoas. 

Porto  Civitanuova,  poR'to  cheVe-tl-noo-o'v4,  a  vil- 
lage and  railway  station  of  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chienti,  1  mile  E.  of  Civitanuova. 

Porto  da  Estrella,  poR'to  d&  ds-trdl'l&,  a  maritime 
village  of  Brazil,  on  the  Bay  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  16  miles  N. 
of  the  city  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Porto  d'Anzio,  poR'to  d&n'ze-o,  a  small  seaport  on 
the  Mediterranean,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rome.  On  a  prom- 
ontory overlooking  the  port  are  the  ruins  of  the  Roman 
Antium,  the  birthplace  of  Nero  and  Caligula. 

Porto  das  Caixas,  poR'to  d&s  ki'sh&s,  a  town  of 
irazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  with  a  port  on  the  Rio 
Aldeia,  an  aflBuent  of  the  Macacu,  37  miles  S.  of  Macacu. 

Porto  das  Pedras,  poR'to  dis  pi'dr&s,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  47  miles  N.E.  of  Alagoas,  on  the  sea-coast. 
Pop.  3000. 

Porto  de  Moz,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Moz. 

Porto  di  Brondolo,  poR'to  dee  bron'do-lo  (anc.  Por'- 

t  Brun'dulus),  a  spacious  bay  of  Italy,  in  the  Adriatic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Bacchiglione.    See  also  Brondolo. 

Porto  di  Fermo,  poR'to  dee  fSR'mo,  or  Porto  San 
Giorgio,  poR'to  sin  joR'jo,  a  small  seaport  of  Italy,  on 
"*  ,e  Adriatic,  near  Fermo.     Pop.  of  commune,  3214. 

Porto  Dracone  or  Leone.    See  Pir^us. 

Porto  Empedocle,  poB'to  fim-p5d'o-kli,  called  also 
Molo  di  Girgenti,  mo'lo  dee  jlR-jfin'tee,  a  town  of 

I  Sicily,  on  the  S.  coast,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Girgenti, 
If  which  it  is  the  port.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 
t  Porto  £rcole,  poR'to  dR'ko-l&  (anc.  Her'culia  Por'tua), 
ft  town  of  Italy,  26  miles  S.  of  Grosseto,  on  the  E.  side  of 
Hie  peninsula  of  Mount  Argentaro. 
I  Porto  Feliz,  poB'to  fi-Iees',  a  town  of  Brazil,  60  miles 
|r.N.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Tiete. 
.    Porto  Ferrajo,  poR'to  fSR-Ri'yo,  the  chief  town  of 
Elba,  province  of  Pisa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Elba. 
Pop.  5779.     It  stands  at  the  extremity  of  a  tongue  of  land 
enclosing  a  fine  harbor,  enclosed  within  fortifications,  and 
defended  by  several  batteries.     It  has  a  government  house, 
2  large  churches,  a  seminary,  town  hall,  barracks,  and 


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military  hospital,  with  a  few  manufactures,  and  an  export 
trade  in  iron  from  mines  in  the  vicinity.  It  was  the  resi- 
dence of  Napoleon  from  May,  1814,  till  February,  1815. 

Porto  Fino,  Italy.     See  Fino. 

Port  of  3Ionteith,  Scotland.    See  Mowteith, 

Port" ofo  Spain,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  capital  of 
the  island  of  Trinidad,  on  its  W.  coast.  Fort  St.  David  being 
in  lat.  10°  38'  N.,  Ion.  61°  32'  W.  Pop.  20,000.  It  is  one 
of  the  handsomest  towns  in  the  West  Indies,  having  wide 
thoroughfares,  Protestant  and  Catholic  churches,  Presby- 
terian and  Methodist  chapels,  a  good  harbor,  and  an  active 
trade.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop. 

Porto  Grande,  poR'to  gr&n'di,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  tne  island  of  St. 
Vincent.     It  has  a  fine  harbor. 

Porto  Grande,  a  town  of  the  Turkish  island  of  Soar- 
panto,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Portograaro,  poE'to-groo-i'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Venice,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  9067. 

Porto  Imperial,  poR'to  eem-pi-re-il',  a  town  of  Bra- 
zil, 40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Goyaz,  on  tne  Tocantins. 

Porto  Lago,  poR'to  li'go,  a  small  town  of  West  Africa, 
in  a  detached  portion  of  British  territory,  on  the  Sierra 
Leone  River,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Freetown. 

Portole,poR'to-li,  a  town  of  Austria,  government  and 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Triest.     Pop.  2825. 

Porto  Longone,  poR'to  lon-go'n&,  a  port  and  small 
town  of  the  island  of  Paxo,  on  its  N.W.  side. 

Porto  Longone  (anc.  Por'tua  Lon'gua),  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Elba,  on  its  E.  side,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Porto  Ferrajo. 

Porto  Maggiore,  poR'to  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy, 
formerly  on  the  Adriatic,  but  now  22  miles  W.  of  the  coast- 
line at  Comacchio.     Pop.  of  commune,  15,133. 

Porto  Maurizio,  poR'to  m5w-rid'ze-o,  a  town  of  North 
Italy,  on  the  Mediterranean,  province  of  Porto  Maurizio, 
2  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Oneglia.     Pop.  7038. 

Porto  Maurizio,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Liguria, 
bounded  S.  by  the  sea  and  W.  by  France.  Area,  467  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  mountainous,  being  traversed  by  the 
Ligurian  Alps.     Capital,  Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  127,053. 

Portone,  poR-to'ne,  a  village  of  Italy,  1  mile  from 
Pisa,  of  which  it  may  be  called  a  suburb- 
Port  Oneida,  o-ni'da,  a  hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Glen  Arbor  township.  It  has  a  store,  and  a  wood-dock 
on  Lake  Michigan. 

Porto  Novo,  poR'to  no'vo,  also  called  Feringhibet, 
Parangipetta,  and  Mahmood  Bender,  a  maritime 
town  of  India,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  30  miles  S.  of  Pon- 
dicherry.  Lat.  11°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  50'  E.  It  has  iron- 
works.    Pop. 7182. 

Port  Onta'rio,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  River,  4  miles  W.  of 
Pulaski,  and  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego,     It  has  a  church. 

Porto  Plata,  poR'to  pli'ti,  a  seaport  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo, on  its  N.  coast,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santiago. 

Porto  Praya,  poR'to  pri'i,  also  called  Praia,  and 
Villa  da  Praia,  a  town  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Santiago.  It  has  some  good 
public  buildings,  and  a  trade  chiefly  in  salt  and  archil. 

Porto  Principe,  Cuba.    See  Puerto  Principe. 

Port  O'ram,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Randolph  township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  at  tho 
junction  of  the  Mt.  Hope  Branch  and  the  High  Bridge 
Railroad,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church, 
a  blast-furnace,  and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Port  Or'ange,  a  post- village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Augustine.  It 
has  a  fine  beach  and  several  orange-groves. 

Porto  Re,  poR'to  ri,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Quarnero,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  1200. 

Porto  Real,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Porto  Imperial. 

Porto  Recanati,  poR'to  r&-k&-n&'te,  a  decayed  port 
of  Italy,  province  of  Maoerata,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Potenza,  near  Loreto. 

Port  Or'ford,  a  post-village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Roseburg.  It  has 
a  good  harbor  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Porto  Rico,  p5B'to  ree'ko  (Sp.  Puerto  Rico,  pwdR'to 
ree'ko,  i.e.,  "  rich  port"),  one  of  the  Spanish  West  India 
Islands,  the  fourth  in  size  of  the  Antilles,  E.  of  Hayti  and 
W.  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  lat.  (S.W.  point)  17°  56'  N., 
Ion.  67°  10'  W.,  90  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.,  and  36  miles 
broad.  A  range  of  mountains  runs  through  the  island  from 
E.  to  W.,  its  loftiest  peak  being  367S  feet  high.  In  the 
interior  are  extensive  savannas,  on  which  numerous  herds 
are  pastured,  and  along  the  coasts  are  tracts  of  level,  fer- 
tile land.     Nearly  the  whole  of  the  N.  coast  is  lined  with 


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navigable  lagoons,  some  of  them  10  miles  long,  and  many 
of  the  rirers  can  be  navigated  a  distance  of  5  or  6  miles. 
There  are  numerous  bays  and  creeks,  deep  enough  for 
vessels  of  considerable  burden;  but  the  N.  coast  is  subject 
to  tremendous  ground  seas,  which  beat  against  the  cliffs 
with  great  violence.  Only  three  harbors  are  safe,  namely, 
Guanica  and  Hovas,  on  the  S.  coast,  and  San  Juan,  on  the 
N.  There  are  no  serpents  or  other  reptiles  on  the  island, 
but  rats  abound.  The  climate  is  generally  salubrious. 
Gold  is  found  in  small  lumps  and  in  dust  in  the  streams 
flowing  from  the  heights.  Copper,  iron,  lead,  and  coal  have 
also  been  found,  and  there  are  two  salines  or  salt-ponds 
worked  by  the  government.  Porto  Rico  is  wholly  an  agri- 
cultural island ;  its  products  are  sugar,  rum,  molasses,  oof- 
fee,  cotton,  excellent  tobacco,  hides,  live-stock,  dye-woods, 
lignum-vitae,  timber,  ground  provisions,  rice,  salt,  Ac. 
The  work  on  the  farms  is  effected  by  free  labor,  slavery 
having  been  here  abolished.  The  trade  of  Porto  Rico  is 
chiefly  with  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  Spain,  Cuba, 
and  Germany.  The  total  value  of  produce  exported  from 
Porto  Rico  in  1846  was  $5,797,200;  in  1851,  $5,761,974; 
in  1874,  $12,822,450 ;  and  in  1885,  $12,924,747 ;  imports  in 
1885,  $10,805,421;  arrivals,  1884-85,  1648  vessels;  tonnage, 
1,108,396.  Porto  Rico  is  governed  by  a  captain-general, 
who  is  president  of  the  royal  audiencia  and  is  assisted  by  a 
junta  of  military  oflScers.  It  is  divided  into  7  departments. 
Principal  towns,  San  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico,  Mayaguez,  Ponce, 
Arecibo,  Aguadilla,  and  Guayama.  Porto  Rico  was  dis- 
covered by  Columbus  in  1493.  In  1509  it  was  invaded  by 
the  Spaniards  from  Hayti,  who  in  a  few  years  exterminated 
the  natives,  numbering  about  700,000.  Present  pop.  754,313. 

Inhab.    PuertoriqueSo,   pwfiR-to-re-kin'yo ;    plural, 

PuERTORiQ0ENOs,  pwfiR-to-re-kin'yoce. 

Port  Orleans,  New  York.    See  Fisher's  Landing. 

Port  Orotava,  Canaries.    See  Puerto  de  Orotava. 

Porto  Sal  Rey,  poR'to  s&l  rib,  a  town  of  Boavista,  in 
the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  on  its  W.  coast.     Pop.  1000. 

Porto  San  Giorgio,  Italy.    See  Porto  di  Fermo. 

Porto  San  Stefano,  poR'to  sin  stSf'i-no  (anc.  Por'- 
tua  Domitia'nua),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  the  peninsula  formed  by  Mount  Argentaro,  about 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Orbitello.     Pop.  3515. 

Porto  Santo,  poR'to  sin'to,  one  of  the  Madeira 
Islands,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Madeira.  Lat.  33°  5'  N. ;  Ion. 
16°  19'  W.  Length,  8  miles;  breadth,  3  miles.  Surface 
mountainous;  soil  parched,  and  destitute  of  timber;  prin- 
cipal products,  limestone,  wine  of  inferior  quality,  maize, 
barley,  and  fruits.  On  its  E.  coast  is  Porto  Santo,  its  capi- 
tal, with  a  pop.  of  1425. 

Porto  Seguro,  poR'to  si-goo'ro,  a  maritime  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Espirito  Santo,  lat.  15°  26'  S.,  on  the 
Buranhen,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.  It  has  several 
hospitals  and  schools  and  a  church,  and  is  defended  by  a 
fort. 

Porto  Tolle,  poR'to  tol'li,  or  San  Niccolo,  s&n 
nee^ko-lo',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Rovigo,  on  the  Po,  a 
few  miles  from  the  sea.  Here  the  Po  delle  Tolle  leaves  the 
main  stream.    Pop.  5350. 

Porto  Torres,  poR'to  toR'rSs  (anc.  Tur'ris  Lihyato'- 
nie),  a  seaport  near  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sassari.  It  abounds  in 
Roman  antiquities,  and  exports  many  cattle.     Pop.  2698. 

Porto  Vecchio,  poR'to  vfik'ke-o,  a  fortified  town  of 
the  island  of  Corsica,  on  its  E.  coast,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bonifacio.     Pop.  1196.     It  has  the  best  port  in  the  island. 

Porto  Venere,  poR'to  v8n'i-ri  (anc.  Ven'eria  Por'- 
tus),  a  town  and  port  of  Italy,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Genoa,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  promontory  forming  the  W.  bound- 
ary of  the  Gulf  of  Spezia.  Pop.  3770.  It  has  a  small  port 
and  an  active  anchovy-fishery. 

Port  Pat'rick,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wig- 
town, on  the  Irish  Channel,  6i  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Stranraer.  It  derives  importance  from  being  the  nearest 
port  to  Ireland.  It  has  a  light-house.  Port  Patrick  was 
long  famous  as  the  "  ftretna  Green"  of  Ireland.   Pop.  2685. 

Port  Pegasus,  New  Zealand.    See  Pegasus. 

Port  Penn,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It 
has  several  stores  and  2  churches.  Many  peaches  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  320. 

Port  Pen'rhyn,  a  township  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Carnarvon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ogwen  in  Menai  Strait. 
It  has  a  good  quay,  and  large  exports  of  slate  from  a  quarry 
employing  about  2000  men.  Penrhyn  Castle  is  a  superb 
marble  castellated  edifice. 

Port  Per'ry,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington 


&  Baltimore  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.    It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1081. 

Port  Per'ry,  a  post-village  in  Whitby  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Scugog  Lake,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Whitby  &  Port 
Perry  Railway,  18  miles  N.  of  Whitby.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  branch  banks,  a  number  of  stores,  several  hotels,  saw- 
and  grist-mills,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  manufactories  of 
agricultural  implements,  machinery,  steam-engines,  iron 
castings,  mill-gearing,  <fcc.  Steamers  ply  between  here  and 
Lindsay.     Pop.  1500. 

Port  Phil'ip,  or  Great  Bridge,  a  village  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Port  Phil'lip,  a  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Victoria.  Lat.  of  Point  Nepean,  at  its  entrance,  38°  18' 
S.;  Ion.  144°  42'  7"  E.  Length  and  breadth,  about  35 
miles  each.  A  light-house  has  been  erected  2  miles  within 
its  entrance.  At  its  W.  side  is  an  inlet,  near  the  head  of 
which  is  the  town  of  Geelong ;  and  on  its  N.  side  it  receives 
the  Yarra-Yarra  River,  on  the  banks  of  which  is  the  town 
of  Melbourne,  capital  of  the  colony  of  Victoria. 

Port  Pirie,  pee'ree,  a  port  of  South  Australia,  on  th« 
E.  side  of  Spencer  Gulf.  A  railway  extends  hence  east- 
ward 33  miles. 

Port  Plate,  Santo  Domingo.    See  Porto  Plata. 

Port  Praya,  Cape  Verd  Isles.    See  Porto  Praya. 

Port  Prov'idence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  1  mile  below  Phoenixville.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  boat-yard. 

Portquerolies,  France.    See  Porquerolles. 

Port  Raffles,  Australia.    See  Raffles  Bat. 

Port'reath,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 
Atlantic,  4  miles  N.  of  Redruth.  It  has  a  pier  and  basin. 
The  inlet  to  the  harbor  is  defended  by  batteries. 

Port'ree,  a  maritime  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  In- 
verness, on  the  island  of  Skye.  Pop.  731.  It  stands  at  the 
head  of  Loch  Portree,  and  is  capital  of  the  Skye  group  of 
the  Hebridean  islands.  It  has  a  neat  church,  a  jail,  a 
branch  bank,  and  a  good  harbor. 

Port  Repub'lic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  An- 
napolis.    It  is  li  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Port  Republic,  a  post- village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Nacote  Creek,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pomona  Station,  and  about 
13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlantic  City.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Port  Republic,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
Va.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Middle  and  South  Rivers,  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Staunton.    It  has  a  church. 

Port  Republican,  Hayti.    See  Port-au-Prince. 

Port  Rich'mond,  a  hamlet  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  opposite  Ottumwa,  and  1  mile  from 
Ottumwa  Station.     Pop.  85. 

Port  Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Staten  Island, 
and  on  the  channel  called  Kill  van  Eull,  about  9  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York.  Steamboats  ply  hourly  between  this  place  '. 
and  New  York.  Here  are  several  large  brick-kilns  and 
manufactories  of  white  lead  and  linseed  oil.  Port  Rich- 
mond has  6  churches.  Horse-cars  run  from  this  place  to 
West  New  Brighton,  4  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  6290. 

Port  Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is 
a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  and  is  on  the 
Delaware  River,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Reading  Railroad.  Large  quantities 
of  coal  are  shipped  here,  and  machinery  and  iron  ships  are 
here  constructed. 

Port  Richmond,  or  Richmond  Mines,  a  post- 
village  in  Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso, 
9i  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  120. 

Port  Rob'inson,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  oo.  of 
Welland,  on  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on  the  Welland  Rail- 
way, 10  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Catharines.  It  contains  several 
stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  dry-docks.     Pop.  600. 

Port  Row'an,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  Lake  Erie,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of      i 
Simcoe.     It  contains  2  churches  and  about  a  dozen  stores,    I 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain.     Pop.  900.  * 

Port  Roy'al,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  Ky.,  is  near 
the  Kentucky  River,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-borough  in  Milford  township,  Ju- 
niata CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  at  the  mouth  of  Tuscarora  Creek,  14  miles  B.S.E. 
of  Lewistown,  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a 
bridge  across  the  river,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  519. 


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Port  Royal,  "Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.   See  Fitz  Henry. 

Port  Royal,  a  post- village  of  Beaufort  oo.,  S.C.,  on  an 

,  island  near  Port  Royal  Entrance,  4  miles  S.  of  Beaufort. 

[It  is  the  southeastern  terminus  of  the  Port  Royal  Railroad, 

l-whicb  extends  to  Augusta,  Ga.     It  has  a  good  harbor,  a 

ehurch,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Port  Royal,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Tenn., 
vn  Red  River,  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clarksville.  It  has 
\S  ohurchcs. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
;  Eappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  2  ohurohes.  Grain  and  other  products  are  shipped 
ihere  in  steamboats.     Pop.  435. 

Port  Roy'al,  a  fortified  town  of  Jamaica,  co.  of  Sur- 
1  rey,  at  the  extremity  of  a  long  sandy  tongue  of  land  which 
vtK>unds  Kingston  Harbor  on  the  S.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Kings- 
f  ton.  Lat.  of  Fort  Charles,  17°  66'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  51'  W.  It 
Ihas  a  royal  naval  dock-yard,  naval  hospital,  and  barracks. 
Port  Royal,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on 
[jake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Big  Creek,  23i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
iJimcoe.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Royal,  a  post- village  in  Richmond  oo.,  Nova 
3ootia,  9  miles  from  Arichat.     See  also  Annapolis. 

Port  Royal  Island,  South  Carolina,  is  a  part  of 

Jeaufort  co.,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Broad 

Uver^  which  here  enters  the  sea  through  a  channel  called 

[Port  Royal  Entrance.     The  island  is  about  12  miles  long 

id  7  miles  wide.     The  town  of  Beaufort  is  situated  upon 

Large  vessels  can  pass  through  Port  Royal  Entrance 

Jlnto  a  good  harbor  formed  by  the  mouth  of  Broad  River. 

Port  Royal  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina, 

fclies  between  the  island  of  St.  Helena  on  the  N.  and  Hilton 

(Head  on  the  S.    It  is  connected  with  Broad  River,  and  re- 

eives  the  waters  of  the  Coosawhatchie. 

Port^rush',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim, 

near  the  Skerry  Islands,  5  miles  N.  of  Coleraine.     It  has  a 

rell-protected  harbor.     Pop.  1196. 

Port  Ry'erse,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 

on  Lake  Erie,  6  miles  S.  of  Simcoe.     It  contains  3  stores 

l»nd  a  pottery,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain. 

i    Port  Said,  port  si-eed',  a  seaport  town  of  Egypt,  at 

Ithe  Mediterranean  entrance  of  the  Suez-Canal,  30  miles  E. 

Iby  S.  of  Damietta.     Its  port  is  formed  by  immense  piers  of 

jtooncrete  laid  in  the  sea,  and  it  has  commodious  docks  and 

^asins  for  shipping.    Its  water-supply  comes  from  the  Nile. 

iThe  town  is  regularly  built,  exports  cotton  and  oil -seeds, 

Lftnd  is  a  coaling-station.   It  has  a  large  water  reservoir  and 

ji»n  electric  light-house,  and  in  1893  the  Suez  Canal  Railway 

kwas  completed  from  Port  Said  to  Ismailia.     Pop.  in  1882, 

16,560. 

Port   Sainte-Marie,   poR-s&Nt-m&^ree',  a  town  of 
Trance,   in    Lot-et-Garonne,   on    the   Garonne,   11    miles 
^W.N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1699. 

Port  San'ilac,  a  post-village  in  Sanilao  township, 
IfSanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of 
iLexington,  and  30  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a 
|anion  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
id  lumber. 

Port  Santa  Barbara,  s&n'ti  baR'b&-r3,,  a  natural 
[harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  N.  end  of 
iCampaSa  Island.     Lat.  48°  S. 

Port  Sarnia,  Ontario.    See  Point  Edward. 
Ports'down  Hill,  in  England,  co.  of  Hants,  extends 
|[4»Iong  the  coast  for  7  miles,  opposite  the  islands  of  Portsea 
ind  Hayling  and  the  harbors  of  Langston  and  Portsmouth. 
Portsea,  port'see,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on 
the  island  of  Portsea,  facing  Portsmouth  Harbor,  imme- 
tdiately  N.  of  Portsmouth.     It  is  regularly  fortified  on  the 
^£.,  entered  by  2  gates,  and  comprises  some  good  thorough- 
fares, 3  chapels  of  ease,  numerous  dissenting  places  of  wor- 
ship, the  engineering  depot  for  the  S.W.  of  England,  and 
iPortsmouth  dock-yard,  which  occupies  more  than  one-third 
»of  the  space  within  the  walls.     It  is  a  part  of  the  borough 
of  Portsmouth.  .  Portsea  Island  (pop.  in  1891,  159,288) 
f'lies  between  Portsmouth  and  Langston  Harbors,  separated 
pat  its  N.  extremity  from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  channel 
Mrossed  by  railways.   Length  and  breadth,  4  miles  each.  All 
Bits  S.W.  half  is  occupied  by  the  towns  of  Portsmouth  and 
fPortsea,  with  their  suburbs  ;  besides  which  it  contains  the 
^hamlets  of  Fratton,  Milton,  Kingston,  and  Hilsea. 
Y   Port  Seaton,  see'tQn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
•Haddington,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2  miles  E.  of  Preston- 
pans.     Pop.  166. 

Port  Sev'ern,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
an  inlet  of  Georgian  Bay,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Orillia.    P.  130. 
Port  Shel'don,  a  hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven. 


Port  Sir  Francis  Dralce.  See  Sir  Fbahois  DnAxtfn 
Bay. 

Portsmouth,  pSrts'math  (L.  Por'txu  Mag'nvu),  a  sea- 
port town  and  the  principal  naval  station  of  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Portsea  Island,  and  at 
the  entrance  to  its  famous  harbor,  22  miles  S.E.  of  South- 
ampton, and  95  miles  S.W.  of  London,  with  which  it  if 
connected  by  3  railways.  Lat.  of  observatory,  50°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  1°  16'  W.  Pop.  in  1841,  63,027 ;  in  1891,  169,266. 
The  town,  which  is  the  most  perfect  fortreu  in  Great 
Britain,  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  ramparts,  faced  with  ma- 
sonry, planted  with  elms,  surrounded  by  trenches  and  out- 
works, and  entered  by  4  carriage-ways.  Much  of  it  is  well 
built,  mostly  of  brick.  On  its  W.  side  is  an  insular  quarter, 
termed  the  "  Point,"  a  seat  of  very  active  traffic  in  time  of 
war ;  and  in  this  quarter  are  extensive  fortifications. 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  parish  church, 
some  fine  chapels,  custom-house,  banks,  governor's  house, 
town  hall,  jail,  market-house,  marine  and  other  extensive 
barracks,  the  buildings  of  the  Philosophical  Society,  alms- 
houses, Green-row  Ball-rooms,  the  theatre,  workhouse,  &o. 
The  town  of  Portsea  is  separated  from  Portsmouth  by  a 
creek,  and  enclosed  within  an  additional  line  of  fortifica- 
tions. Within  this  town  is  the  naval  dock-yard,  contain- 
ing basins,  wet-  and  dry-dooks,  large  warehouses,  anchor 
forges,  iron-  and  copper-mills,  rope-houses,  and  every  de- 
partment necessary  in  the  construction  and  outfit  of  ships 
of  war.  In  the  dock-yard  are  also  the  royal  naval  college, 
a  chapel,  and  the  residence  of  the  port-admiral ;  upwards 
qf  2000  workmen  are  employed  in  this  yard.  Between 
the  dock-yard  and  the  town  of  Portsmouth  is  the  gun- 
wharf  or  arsenal,  containing  an  armory,  extensive  artillery 
and  ammunition  depots,  and  good  quays.  E.  of  the  town- 
ramparts  and  outworks  are  Southsea  Common  and  the  sub- 
urb of  Southsea,  frequented  as  a  watering-place;  on  the 
shore  facing  Spithead  and  the  Isle  of  Wight  are  Southsea 
Castle,  and  farther  E.  Cumberland  and  some  other  forts, 
which,  with  Blockhouse  and  Monkton  Forts,  on  the  main- 
land towards  the  S.W.,  protect  Spithead  and  the  approach 
to  the  harbor.  Besides  Portsea  and  Southsea,  the  large 
suburb  of  Landport,  which  extends  almost  to  the  centre  of 
Portsea  Island,  is  included  in  the  borough,  on  the  extreme 
limits  of  which  are  the  barracks  of  Tipner  and  Hilsea.  The 
public  institutions  comprise  a  free  grammar-school,  St. 
Paul's  Academy,  a  mechanics'  institution,  a  savings-bank, 
a  general  hospital,  and  a  female  penitentiary. 

Portsmouth  is  mentioned  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle  as  ex- 
isting in  501.  About  1256,  Henry  III.  assembled  a  large 
army  at  Portsmouth,  with  a  view  to  the  invasion  of  France ; 
and  in  1377  a  counter-attempt  was  made  by  the  Frenon, 
who,  though  defeated,  succeeded  in  burning  a  large  part  of 
the  town.  This  disaster  appears  to  have  shown  the  necessity 
of  fortifying  the  place;  and  the  works,  originally  com- 
menced by  Edward  IV.,  have  continued  to  be  improved 
and  extended  during  a  series  of  successive  reigns,  till  they 
have  become  all  but  impregnable. 

PoRTSuouTH  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel, 
W.  of  Portsea  Island,  about  4  miles  in  length  by  6  or  8 
miles  in  greatest  breadth.  At  its  entrance  it  is  only  220 
yards  across,  but  within  it  the  whole  British  navy  might 
ride  in  perfect  security.  It  contains  several  small  Islands, 
and  on  its  shores,  besides  Portsmouth  and  Portsea,  are  Gos- 
port,  Fareham,  and  Portohester. 

Ports'mouth,  a  former  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich., 
now  a  part  of  Bay  City,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Saginaw 
River,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.  of  Bay  City  proper.  It  has  9  saw-mills,  salt-works,  and 
a  car-factory,  and  its  post-office,  under  the  former  name. 

Portsmouth,  a  township  of  Bay  oo.,  Mich.   Pop.  491. 

Portsmouth,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  semi-oapital 
of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  54  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston, 
is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Pisoataqua  River, 
about  3  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Eastern,  Concord  &,  Portsmouth,  Portsmouth  &  Dover, 
and  Portland  &  Saco  Railroads.  Lat.  43°  4'  35"  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  45'  50"  W.  This  city,  the  commercial  metropolis  and 
only  seaport  of  the  state,  is  built  on  a  beautiful  peninsula, 
formed  by  the  Piscataqua,  and  connected  by  bridges  with 
Kittery  in  Maine  and  with  Newcastle  on  Grand  Island. 
The  harbor,  which  lies  between  the  town  and  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  is  capacious,  deep,  easy  of  access,  and  much  fre- 
quented by  vessels  in  bad  weather ;  480  have  been  counted 
here  at  one  time,  and  it  is  estimated  that  2000  could  easily 
find  convenient  anchorage.  The  formation  of  sand-bars  or 
ice  is  rendered  impossible  by  the  rapid  tides,  which  have 
carried  every  earthy  substance  out  to  sea,  leaving  a  smooth 
rock  bottom,  with  a  depth  of  water  varying  from  35  to  76 


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feet.  The  principal  entrance  is  between  the  mainland  and 
the  E.  side  of  Great  Island,  and  is  defended  by  earthworks 
on  Gerrish's  Island  at  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance,  and  on 
Jerry's  (or  Jafifrey's)  Point  on  the  W.  side,  2  stone  forts 
farther  up  the  harbor — Forts  Constitution  and  MoClary — 
having  been  condemned.  The  city  stands  on  a  gentle  ac- 
clivity overlooking  the  harbor,  and  is  remarkable  for  its 
healthy  atmosphere  and  fine  gardens.  Many  of  the  streets 
are  adorned  with  a  profusion  of  shade-trees.   The  principal 

Eublic  buildings  are  the  athenaeum,  custom-house,  city 
uilding,  music  hall,  and  Spring  market.  Besides  these, 
there  are  10  churches  some  of  which  are  elegant  structures. 
The  chief  object  of  interest,  however,  is  the  United  States 
navy-yard  at  Kittery,  on  an  island  near  the  E.  side  of  the 
river.  Among  other  things,  it  contains  3  immense  ship- 
houses  and  a  floating  balance-dock,  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
about  $800,000.  It  is  350  feet  by  106,  and  has  24  pumps, 
worked  by  2  steam-engines.  The  North  America,  the  first 
ship-of-the-line  launched  in  the  Western  Hemisphere,  was 
built  on  Badger's  Island,  in  this  harbor,  during  the  Revo- 
lution. The  literary  advantages  of  Portsmouth  are  highly 
respectable.  The  athenaeum  has  a  library  of  about  10,000 
Tolomes  and  a  cabinet  of  curiosities.  The  schools  are  nu- 
merous and  well  conducted.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  One  of  these,  the  "  New 
Hampshire  Gazette,"  is  the  oldest  in  America,  having  been 
first  issued  in  1756.  Portsmouth  has  less  commerce  now 
than  formerly,  though  it  is  still  the  centre  of  an  important 
trade,  both  foreign  and  coastwise. 

Manufacturing  is  not  very  extensively  carried  on.  Among 
the  most  important  corporations  may  be  mentioned  the 
Portsmouth  Steam  Factory,  giving  employment  to  about 
400  hands.  The  leading  articles  of  manufacture  are  cot- 
ton cloth,  hosiery,  iron  castings,  shoes,  <kc.  The  city  is 
supplied  by  means  of  pipes  with  excellent  water  from  a 
fountain  in  the  suburbs.  It  contains  4  national  banks  and 
2  savings-banks.  Portsmouth  has  a  large  amount  of  capital 
invested  in  railroads,  navigation,  manufactures,  &c.,  in 
other  places ;  and  though  it  has  suffered  in  former  years 
from  disastrous  fires,  and  has  been  compelled  to  relinquish 
to  the  larger  cities  some  of  its  former  extensive  trade,  still 
it  has  steadily  increased  in  wealth.  Pop.  in  1850,  9739; 
in  1860,  9335;  in  1880,  9690;  in  1890,  9827. 

Portsmouth)  a  post-township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.,  is 
a  narrow  island  near  Ocracoke  Inlet,  about  56  miles  E.  of 
New-Berne.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  ocean,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Pamlico  Sound.     Pop.  341. 

Portsmouth)  a  city  of  Ohio,  and  the  capital  of  Scioto 
BO.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Scioto  River,  114  miles  above  Cincinnati,  100 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Columbus,  and  about  170  miles  below 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Ohio 
Canal  and  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Southwestern  Railway.  Three  other  railways  converge 
here, — viz.,  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western,  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio, 
and  the  Cincinnati,  Portsmouth  A  Virginia.  Portsmouth 
contains  a  court-house,  22  churches,  a  high-school,  3  national 
banks,  2  savings-banks,  gas-works,  electric-light-works, 
electric  railway,  water-works,  a  rolling-mill,  several  iron- 
foundries  and  machine-shops,  shoe-manufactories  (employ- 
ing about  2500  people),  and  other  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. It  is  celebrated  as  a  city  of  homes,  its  streets  are 
paved,  and  it  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Its  site 
is  a  plain  of  moderate  extent,  partly  enclosed  by  hills,  those 
on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio  River  being  about  500  feet 
high.     Pop.  in  1890,  12,394. 

Portsmouth,  a  post-townsbip  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on 
Narragansett  Bay,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Providence. 
It  comprises  the  northern  part  of  the  island  of  Aquidneok 
or  Rhode  Island,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road. It  has  4  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  copper, 
iron,  and  steel,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  1893. 

Portsmouth,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Va., 
is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Elizabeth  River,  about  1  mile 
S.W.  of  Norfolk,  and  150  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Richmond. 
By  railroad  it  is  104  miles  from  Richmond.  It  is  the  E. 
terminus  of  the  Seaboard  <fc  Roanoke  Railroad,  aad  is  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad.  The  river,  which  is 
nearly  two-thirds  of  a  mile  wide,  forms  a  good  harbor, 
which  admits  vessels  of  the  largest  size.  Large  steamboats 
ply  daily  between  Baltimore  and  Portsmouth.  Its  site  is 
level,  and  elevated  only  a  few  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  The  streets  are  straight,  and  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles.  It  contains  a  naval  hospital,  13  churches,  2  banks, 
several  hotels,  2  academies,  12  public  and  about  40  private 
schools,  and  a  large  dry-dock.  A  daily  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished  here.     Ferry-boats  ply  frequently  between   Ports- 


mouth and  Norfolk.  In  the  adjacent  suburb  of  Gosport  (» 
part  of  the  city)  is  a  United  States  navy-yard.  Pop.  in 
1870, 10,492;  in  1880,  11,390;  in  1890,  13,268. 

Portsmouth,  or  Prince  Ru'pert's  Town,  a  town 
of  the  island  of  Dominica,  British  West  Indies,  on  Princo 
Rupert's  Bay,  20  miles  N.  of  Roseau. 

Portsmouth,  an  incorporated  village  of  Ontario,  co. 
of  Frontenac,  on  Portsmouth  Bay,  2  miles  from  Kingston. 
It  contains  the  Provincial  Penitentiary  and  Rockwood 
Lunatic  Asylum,  also  a  tannery,  a  brewery,  a  flouring-mill, 
2  marine  railways,  and  about  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  1702. 

Portsmouth  Grove,  a  station  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  7  miles  N 
of  Newport. 

Port'soy,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Durn,  5  miles  E.  of  Cul- 
len.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railway,  and  is  noted 
for  it-s  ornamental  stone,  called  Portsoy  marble.     P.  1822. 

Port  Stanley,  Falkland  Islands.    See  Stanley. 

Port  Stan'ley,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Elgin,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  London  <fc  Port  Stanley  Railway,  24  miles  from  London. 
It  contains  several  churches,  stores,  and  hotels,  and  a  saw- 
mill, grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  900. 

Port  Stephens,  stee'v^ns,  a  harbor  of  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  of  Gloucester,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Hunter. 
Lat.  of  Baroinee  Point,  32°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  152®  4'  E.  It  ex- 
tends 15  miles  inland,  and  receives  the  Karuah  River. 

Port  Stew'art,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Londonderry, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  512. 

Port  Sul'Iiran,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Hearne.    It  has  a  church. 

Port-8ur-Sa6ne,  poR-siiR-sSn,  a  town  of  France,,in 
Haute-Sa&ne,  on  the  Sadne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Vesoul. 

Ports'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  Broad 
Creek,  3i  miles  W.  of  Laurel  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  160. 

Port  Tal'bot,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  14  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Thomas.    Pop.  100. 

Port  Tobac'co,a  post-village,  capital  of  Charles  co., 
Md.,  is  near  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac,  about  28  miles  S. 
of  Washington,  D.C.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  church, 
and  a  newspaper  oflSce.  It  is  2  miles  from  the  Baltimore 
&  Potomac  Railroad  (Port  Tobacco  Station).    Pop.  215. 

Port  Towns'eud,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Washington,  is  on  Paget  Sound,  near  the  Strait  of 
Juan  de  Fuca,  about  74  miles  in  a  direct  line  N.  of  Olym- 

?ia,  and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Seattle.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
t  contains  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  ofl5ces,  several 
churches,  and  foundries  and  machine-shops.  Pop.  in  1880, 
917;  in  1890,  4558. 

Port  Trent,  Canada.    See  Trenton. 

Port  Trev'orton,  a  post- village  of  Snyder  oo.,  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  40  miles  above  Harris* 
burg,  and  1  mile  from  Herndon  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Portudal,  poRHU-d&l',  a  French  village  of  Senegam- 
bia,  on  the  Atlantic,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Verd.  It  ex- 
ports hides,  ivory,  and  gold-dust.     Pop.  1261. 

Portugal,  p5r'tu-g^l  (Port,  and  Sp.  pron.  poR-too-gil' ; 
Qer.  pron.  poB'ioo-gir ;  Fr.  pron.  poRHU^gll' ;  anc.  Lusita'' 
nia),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.W.  of  Europe,  forming  the  W. 
part  of  the  Spanish  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  N.  by  Spain,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  be- 
tween lat.  36"»  55'  and  42°  7'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  15'  and  9°  30' 
W.  Its  shape  is  nearly  a  parallelogram.  Greatest  length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  346  miles;  greatest  breadth,  140  miles.  Its 
coast  is  occasionally  bold,  but  is  mostly  low  and  marshy. 
The  number  of  harbors,  large  and  small,  exceeds  20,  but 
the  only  ones  of  importance  are  those  of  Lisbon,  Oporto, 
Setubal,  Faro,  Figueira,  Aveiro,  and  Viana.  The  interior 
of  Portugal  is  generally  mountainous,  a  number  of  ranges 
stretching  across  the  country,  either  in  W.,  S.W.,  or  S.S.W. 
directions,  forming  a  succession  of  river-basins,  while  their 
ramifications,  penetrating  in  all  directions,  enclose  many 
wild  and  beautiful  valleys.  The  loftiest  range  is  the  Serra 
d'Estrella,  a  continuation  of  the  central  chain  which  stretches 
across  Spain  between  Old  and  New  Castile  and  between  Leon 
and  Estremadura.  Near  the  town  of  Guarda  it  forks,  one 
branch  proceeding  N.  and  another  S.E.,  while  the  main 
chain  attains  its  culminating  point  of  7624  feet  about  5 
miles  W.  of  the  town  of  Covilha.  In  the  N.W.  a  branch 
of  the  Spanish  Sierra  Mamed,  taking  the  name  of  Pena- 
gache,  enters  Portugal,  and  attains  one  of  the  loftiest 
heights  of  the  kingdom  in  Mount  Gavieira.  The  principal 
plains  are  those  of  Almeida  and  the  Terra  de  Braganza,  the 
former  in  the  province  of  Beira  Alta  and  the  latter  in  that 


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of  Tras  os  Montes.    The  chief  valleys  are  those  of  Chaves, 

Villarica,  and  Besteiros.    Qranite  generally  forms  the  nu- 

,eus  of  the  mountains,  overlaid  in  the  N.  by  micaceous 

ist  and  other  azoic  rocks.    In  the  S.  limestone  is  abun- 

,nt.    Volcanic  formations  are  very  apparent  in  the  Serra 

le  CaldeirSo.    The  mineralogioal  treasures  include  argen- 

'erous  lead,  iron,  copper,  cobalt,  bismuth,  antimony,  fine 

marble,  slate,  salt,  saltpetre,  lithographic  stones,  millstones, 

and  porcelain-earth.     Some  gold  also  is  washed  from  the 

Bands;  and  many  valuable  pebbles  and  rook-crystals  are 

and  in  dififerent  places. 

Few  countries,  in  proportion  to  their  extent,  are  better 
pplied  with  large  and  navigable  streams.  The  Minho,  in 
,e  N.,  forming,  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  the  bound- 
iiry  between  Portugal  and  Spain;  the  Douro,  first  skirting 
the  E.  frontier  in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  then  pursuing  its 
course  W.  to  the  ocean  at  Oporto;  the  Tagus,  flowing  in  a  gen- 
eral S. W,  direction ;  and  the  Guadiana,  all  enter  the  country 
from  Spain.  The  latter  river,  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course, 
flows  nearly  S.,  and  for  some  distance  from  its  mouth  forms 
the  boundary  between  Portugal  and  Spain.  The  Vouga, 
Mondego,  and  Sabor  have  their  course  wholly  in  Portugal. 
'~~  e  climate  is  greatly  modified  by  the  proximity  of  the 
and  the  height  of  the  mountains.  In  general,  however, 
«  winter  is  short  and  mild,  and  in  some  places  never  com- 
letely  interrupts  the  course  of  vegetation.  Early  in  Feb- 
y  the  vegetation  is  in  full  vigor ;  the  plants  shoot  forth, 
kpidly  attain  maturity,  and,  if  not  harvested,  wither  away, 
ring  the  month  of  July  the  heat  is  often  extreme,  and, 
rain  seldom  falling,  the  whole  country,  particularly  along 
the  coast,  assumes  a  very  parched  appearance.  In  Septem- 
the  sky,  which  had  been  previously  serene,  becomes 
ercast,  and  copious  showers  descend.  The  second  spring 
iw  begins,  and  the  fields  again  become  covered  with  flowers 
d  verdure.  Winter  usually  sets  in  about  the  end  of  No- 
;ber.  The  climate  is  in  general  healthy,  especially  in 
e  elevated  coast-regions  and  on  the  plateaus  of  the  inte- 
rior. From  October  to  April  deluges  of  rain  continue  to 
fall,  and  violent  hurricanes  and  thunderstorms  are  not  nn- 
frequent.  Shocks  of  earthquake,  too,  are  sometimes  felt, 
particularly  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis. 

There  are  few  countries  possessing  a  more  varied  flora  than 
that  of  Portugal.  Many  of  the  mountains  are  covered  with 
fine  forests,  among  which  the  ordinary  oak  and  the  cork- 
tree are  conspicuous.  In  the  central  provinces  magnificent 
chestnut-trees  abound,  and  in  the  S.  both  the  date  and  the 
merican  aloe  thrive.  Fruits  of  excellent  quality  are 
mmon  in  every  quarter,  and  in  the  warmer  districts  the 
'range,  lemon,  and  olive  are  cultivated  on  an  extensive 
scale.  The  mulberry  yields  a  considerable  quantity  of  silk. 
But  the  most  important  branch  of  industry  is  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  vine.  The  well-known  port  wines,  the  produce 
of  the  vineyards  watered  by  the  upper  Douro,  form  the 
staple  export.     The  olive  thrives,  but  the  oil  is  of  inferior 

?[ualitj'.  Agriculture  is  at  a  very  low  ebb,  and  Portugal 
ails,  in  ordinary  years,  to  raise  cereals  in  sufficient  quan- 
tity to  meet  its  own  consumption.  Wheat,  barley,  oats, 
flax,  and  hemp  are  cultivated  in  the  elevated  tracts,  and 
■ce  in  the  lowlands. 

The  manufactures  of  Portugal  are  becoming  important 
many  of  the  large  towns,  and  almost  every  family  sup- 
plies itself  with  the  articles  of  primary  necessity.  Among 
the  manufactures  produced  for  sale  may  be  mentioned 
arms,  woollen  cloth,  porcelain,  earthenware,  prints,  lace, 
cotton  twist,  silks,  copper-  and  tin-ware,  corks,  ribbons, 
embroidery,  hats,  confectionery,  fine  soap^  jewelry,  glass, 
paper,  wicker-work,  and  tobacco.  Ship-building  also  is 
well  understood,  and  a  large  number  of  vessels  are  con- 
noted at  Lisbon,  Figueira,  Oporto,  and  Villa  do  Conde. 
The  length  of  sea-coast,  with  the  harbors  found  upon  it, 
'and  the  navigable  rivers,  furnish  great  facilities  for  com- 
merce, and  railways  connect  the  principal  cities  with  the 
capital  or  with  the  commercial  centres  of  Spain.  Foreign 
commerce  is  a  leading  interest.  The  principal  exports  are 
wine,  brandy,  vinegar,  salt,  oil,  pork,  fruit  (particularly 
chestnuts,  walnuts,  almonds,  olives,  oranges,  and  lemons), 
silk,  wool,  cork,  sumach,  kermes,  leeches,  bones,  glass,  and 
porcelain.  The  principal  imports  are  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
and  maize,  foreign  timber,  salt  provisions  (particularly  cod), 
colonial  produce,  woollen,  cotton,  linen,  and  silk  tissues, 
iron,  steel,  and  various  other  metals,  coal,  tar  and  pitch, 
dyes,  and  drugs.  The  principal  commercial  ports  are  Lis- 
bon (the  capital),  Oporto,  Setubal,  Faro,  Figueira,  and  Viana. 
In  1886  there  were  950  miles  of  railroad  in  operation. 

Diviaiona,  Colonies,  Population,  &c. — Portugal  is  divided 
into  6  provinces,  subdivided  into  17  districts,  and  these 
again  into  121  comarcas. 


Area  and  Population  of  Portugal,  including  its  Foreign 
Po»aes$iona,  by  Official  Eatimate  of  1881. 


ProvlnoM. 


Alamt^o. 

Algarre 

Beira 

Estremadara...... 

Minho , 

Traa-oa-SIontea.. 


TotaL. 


Ana  in  tq.  a. 


9,416 
1,872 
9,244 
«,872 
2,807 
4,289 


84,M0 


Pop.  in  1881. 


367,169 

204,037 
1,377,432 

046,472 
1,014,768 

396,676 


4,306,664 


The  Azores  and  Madeira  are  generally  regarded  aa  parta 
of  the  kingdom  proper,  and  their  population  for  1881 
added  makes  a  total  of  4,708,178. 


Colonies. 


Uadeira  aud  Azobes — 

Madeira  and  Porto  Santo— FunchaL.. 

Azores 

Africa — 

Cape  Verd  Islands^. 

Guinea,  BisaSo,  Scc.„ 

Islands  of  St.  Thomas,  Prince's  Island,  Sk. 

Angola,  Benguela,  and  dependencies 

Mozambique,  and  dependencies. 

Asia — 

India — Ooa,  Bardez,and  SalBette»» 

Damaun 

Diu „ ..... 

OCEANICA  AND  CHINA— 

Macao. 

Timor,  &c 


Area  in 
sq.  m. 

Pop.  in 
1876. 

336 
1,162 

121,753 
261,746 

1,666 

36,000 

466 

204,000 

288,000 

90,704 

9,282 

3&,a4 

2,000,00C 

360,00C 

1,462 
84 
12 

892,234 
38,486 
13,898 

12 
27,604 

71,834 
260,00C 

The  population  of  the  colonies  for  1881  waa  3,331,762. 

The  government  is  an  hereditary  constitutional  monarchy. 
The  legislative  power  is  vested  jointly  in  the  sovereign  and 
an  upper  and  a  lower  chamber.  Both  chambers  meet  and 
dissolve  at  regular  periods  without  the  intervention  of  the 
crown,  and  when  both  are  agreed  as  to  any  enactment 
are  not  subject  to  its  veto.  A  court  of  appeal,  with  exten- 
sive jurisdiction,  sits  at  Oporto,  and  a  supreme  court, 
with  jurisdiction  over  the  whole  kingdom,  at  Lisbon.  The 
established  religion  is  the  Roman  Catholic,  which  is  com- 
pletely in  the  ascendant.  Protestantism  being  almost  un- 
known. Ecclesiastical  affairs  are  administered  by  a  patri- 
arch at  Lisbon,  2  archbishops,  and  14  bishops. 

Education  in  Portugal  is  in  a  very  low  state.  There  are 
elementary,  normal,  secondary,  superior,  and  special  schools, 
and  a  university  at  Coimbra,  with  faculties  of  theology, 
law,  medicine,  mathematics,  and  philosophy. 

The  language  of  the  Portuguese  is  closely  allied  to  the 
Spanish.  Its  powers  have  not  been  much  tested,  but  in  the 
Lusiad  of  Camoens  it  has  proved  itself  not  unequal  to  epic 
poetry  of  a  high  order. 

Hiatory. — Portugal  forms  the  far  larger  part  of  the  ancient 
province  of  Lusitania.  Phoenician  and  Grecian  colonies 
appear  to  have  been  planted  on  its  coasts  at  a  very  early 
period,  and  the  Carthaginians  subsequently  formed  several 
establishments.  About  200  B.C.  the  Romans  became  sole 
masters,  and  continued  in  possession  for  nearly  six  cen- 
turies, during  which  they  completely  changed  the  habits 
of  the  natives,  introduced  their  own  language,  and  executed 
numerous  works,  the  ruins  of  many  of  which  still  remain. 
In  the  fifth  century  the  Suevi,  Vandals,  and  Visigoths  be- 
came possessors.  In  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  century 
Portugal  shared  the  fate  of  Spain,  and  was  overrun  by  the 
Moors.  The  former  inhabitants,  descendants  of  the  north- 
ern invaders,  retired  to  the  more  inaccessible  districts,  and 
succeeded  in  maintaining  their  independence.  After  a 
long  struggle,  during  which  many  battles  were  fought,  they 
regained  the  ascendant,  and  the  Portuguese  monarchy  was 
formally  established  by  the  Cortes  at  Lamego  in  1143.  In 
1385  a  new  dynasty  was  founded  under  John  I.  With  him 
commenced  the  long  series  of  maritime  discoveries  which 
ultimately  placed  Portugal  at  the  head  of  a  great  colonial 
empire.  The  spirit  of  enterprise  became  a  kind  of  national 
passion,  and  the  expeditions  fitted  out  were  crowned  with 
brilliant  success.  In  1418  Madeira  was  discovered;  in 
1432  the  Azores;  and  in  1486,  after  a  succession  of  adven- 
turers had  explored  the  greater  part  of  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  was  beheld  by  Bartholomew 
Diaz.  Vasco  da  Gama,  following  in  the  same  track,  was 
still  more  successful.  In  1497  he  doubled  the  cape,  and. 
continuing  his  course  E.,  reached  the  shores  of  Malabar. 
A  still  more  fortunate  discovery  was  made  in  1500  by  Pedro 


POR 


2210 


POS 


Alvarez  Cabral,  who  was  driven  by  a  storm  to  the  coast  of 
Brazil,  and  thus  led  to  the  formation  of  a  settlement  which 
has  since  grown  up  to  be  an  independent  empire.  After 
these  discoveries,  and  the  treasures  obtained  from  them, 
had  raised  Portugal  to  the  highest  pitch  of  prosperity,  a 
disputed  succession  brought  it  to  the  verge  of  ruin,  and 
subjected  it  to  the  thraldom  of  a  hated  foreign  yoke  under 
Philip  II.,  King  of  Spain.  This  usurpation,  after  lasting 
for  60  years,  was  terminated  in  1640,  Dy  a  general  rising, 
headed  by  the  Duke  of  Braganza,  who,  on  the  expulsion 
of  the  Spaniards,  ascended  the  throne  under  the  name 
of  John  IV.  On  the  invasion  of  the  French  in  1807,  the 
royal  family  went  to  Brazil.  From  1827  to  1833  the  throne 
was  usurped  by  Don  Miguel;  in  1836  several  changes  were 
introduced,  and  the  existing  constitution  was  established. 
The  erection  of  Brazil  into  an  independent  empire  in  1826 
robbed  Portugal  of  the  richest  jewel  of  her  crown,  leaving 

her  scarcely  a  show  of  her  former  colonial  greatness. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Poktuguese  (Port.  Pobthguez,  poR-too- 
gia' ;  Sp.  PoBTUGUES,  poE-too-ghSs' ;  Fr.  Pobtugais,  poB*- 
tU^gi' ,-  Ger.  PoRTUGiESiscH,  poB-too-ghee'zish). 

Portugal  Cove,  a  post-village  of  Newfoundland,  on 
Conception  Bay,  9^  miles  "W.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  650. 

Portugalete^  poE-too-gi-li't4,  a  town  and  river-port 
of  Spain,  province  of  Biscay,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bilbao,  on 
the  Nerva,  near  its  entrance  into  the  Mediterranean.  Pop. 
1194.     It  has  several  batteries  for  the  defence  of  the  port. 

Portuguee,  por'tu-ghee,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Portuguesa,  poB-too-gi'si,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  after 
a  S.S.E.  course  of  at  least  200  miles,  joins  the  Apure  at  San 
Fernando.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Cojedes,  Guana- 
rito,  and  Guanaparo. 

Purtnguesa^  or  Portngneza,  a  former  state  of 
Venezuela,  in  the  N.W.  central  portion  of  that  republic 
It  has  an  area  of  6816  square  miles,  and  now  forms  a  sec- 
tion of  the  state  of  Zamoa.     Its  capital  was  Guanare. 

Portnm'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  of 
Galway,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Loughrea.     Pop.  1643. 

Port  Un'derwood,  a  commodious  harbor  on  the  B. 
side  of  South  Island,  New  Zealand,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Blenheim,  of  which  it  serves  as  the  port  for  large  vessels. 

Port  U'nion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  15  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  U'nion,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  16i 
miles  E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Portus  Angusti,  the  ancient  name  of  Fiumicino. 

Portus  Brundulus,  Italy.    See  Poeto  di  Bbondolo. 

Portus  Cale,  or  Portus  Calensis.    See  Oporto. 

Portus  Domitianus.    See  Pobto  San  Stkfano. 

Portus  £rycis,  an  ancient  name  of  Lerici. 

Portus  Gratiae^  the  ancient  name  of  Havre. 

Portus  Liburni,  or  Portus  Herculis  Libnrni. 
See  Leghorn. 

Portus  Longus,  the  ancient  name  of  Porto  Longone. 

Portus  Magnus,  the  Latin  name  of  Portshouth. 

Portus  Magonis,  an  ancient  name  of  Port  Mahon. 

Portus  MonoBci,  or  Portus  Herculis  Moiiodci. 
See  Monaco. 

Portus  Salutis,  Scotland.     See  Cbomabty  Fibth. 

Port  Vendres,  poB  vftNd'r  (anc.  Por'tus  et  Fa'num 
Ven'eris),  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-0rientales,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  19  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Perpignan.  Pop. 
1910.  Its  port,  protected  by  forts  and  redoubts,  is  the  only 
place  between  Marseilles  and  Spain  adapted  for  a  harbor 
of  refuge.     It  has  manufactures  of  renowned  wine. 

Port'ville,  a  post- village  in  Portville  township,  Catta- 
raugus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  &  Philadelphia  Raiboad,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Buffalo,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Clean.  It  contains  2  churches, 
saw-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2339. 

Port  Vin'cent,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  parish. 
La.,  is  on  the  Amite  River,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Steamboats  run  from 
this  place  to  New  Orleans. 

Port  Wake'field,  a  seaport  of  South  Australia,  on  St. 
Vincent's  Gulf,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Adelaide.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  railways. 

Port  Wal'thall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  Appomattox  River,  6  miles  below  Petersburg.  It 
formerly  was  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Richmond  & 
Petersburg  Railroad. 

Port  Wash'ington,  a  station  in  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Washington. 

Port  Washington,  a  post- village  in  North  Hemp- 
itead  township.  Queens  co.,  N. Y.,  on  Manhasset  Bay  (a  part 


of  Long  Island  Sound),  5  miles  from  Roslyn  Station,  an^ 
about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York. 

Port  Washington,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township 
Tuscarawas  co.,   0.,   on  the  Tuscarawas  River   and  tin 
Ohio  Canal,  112  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cleveland.     It  has 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Port  Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Ozaukee  oo. 
Wis.,  in  Port  Washington  township,  on  Lake  Michigan 
and  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad 
25  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  6  churches,  3  newspape 
offices,  a  bank,  2  iron-foundries,  <to.     Pop.  in  1890,  1659. 

Port  Wil'liam,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  townshift 
Clinton  co.,  0.,   on  Caesar's  Creek,  or  Anderson  Fork,  1 
miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  and  about  62  miles  N.E.  of  Cin. 
cinnati.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-factor 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  184. 

Port  Williams,  Kansas.    See  Oak  Mills. 

Port  Wil'liams,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Novi 
Scotia,  on  the  Cornwallis  River,  1  mile  from  Port  Willia 
Station.     It 'contains  6  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  tannery.  Pop 
300.     See  also  Mabshall's  Cove. 

Port  Williams  Station,  or  Greenwich,  a  post 
village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  Countie 
Railway,  20  miles  from  Windsor.     Pop.  160. 

Port  Wine,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about  6( 
miles  N.E.  of  Marys ville.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Posadas,  po-si'Dis,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  W.S.W 
of  Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2976. 

PoscharcAvatz,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Passabowitz 

Poschegon,  po-sh§h-gon',  written  also  Posche^ 
khon  and  Poscnechoi^e,  a  town  of  Russia,  govera 
ment  and  69  miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav.     Pop.  3961. 

Poschiavo,  pos-ke-i'vo  (Ger.  Puachlav,  pSSsh'liv), 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  on  the  Italian  aid 
of  the  Alps,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bormio,  in  the  Valtellina 
Pop.  2893.    See  also  Lake  of  Poschiavo. 

Posega,  or  Poschega,  po-sh&'g&,  written  also  Po> 
xega,  a  town  of  Slavonia,  on  the  Orlyava,  16  miles  E.N.E 
of  Neu-Gradiska.     Pop.  2962. 

Posen,  po'z^n,  or  Poznan,  poz'nln  (L.  Poa'na), 
fortified  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Posen 
on  the  Warta,  at  a  terminus  of  several  railways,  100  mile 
E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  Pop.  69,627,  exclusive  oi 
Jersitz.  It  is  walled,  and  entered  by  4  gates,  and  has  i 
citadel  on  an  adjacent  height.  It  has  a  cathedral,  23  Roma: 
Catholic  and  2  Protestant  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
tobacco  and  leather.     It  was  the  capital  of  ancient  Poland 

Posen  (L.  Posna'nia),  a  province  of  Prussia,  include( 
in  what  is  termed  Prussian  Poland,  and  lying  mostly  be 
tween  lat.  51°  30'  and  63°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  30'  and  19< 
E.,  having  E.  Russian  Poland,  and  N.  Prussia.  Area,  11,171 
square  miles.  Pop.  (mostly  Poles)  in  1890,  1,761,642, 
whom  two-thirds  are  Roman  Catholics.  It  comprises  th( 
two  governments  of  Posen  and  Bromberg. 

Posen,  p5'zfn,  a  post-township  of  Presque  Isle  co 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  from  Otsego  Lake  Station.  It  wa 
settled  by  Poles.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Posey,  po'ze,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  oi 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  398   square  miles.     It 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  th( 
Wabash.     The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating  up 
lands  and  wide  level  river-bottoms,  which  are  partly  sue 
ject  to  inundation.     Forests  cover  a  large  part  of  the 
The  soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  cattle,  au( 
pork  are  the  staple  products.     Coal  is  said  to  be  found  il 
this  county.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Evansville  &  Terrfl 
Haute,   Louisville  <fc   Nashville,   and   Peoria,   Decatur 
Evansville  Railroads.     Capital,  Mount  Vernon.     Pop.  ivL 
1870,  19,185;  in  1880,  20,857;  in  1890,  21,529. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.  P.  2132.  It  con. 
tains  Cloverland,  Newburg,  Staunton,  and  Williamstown. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  947.  I 
contains  Bentonville. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  974. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1774 
It  contains  Elizabeth,  Salina,  and  Bridgeport. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1763.  1 
contains  Arlington. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Switzerland  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2183i 
It  is  the  soatheasternmost  township  of  the  state. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1349i 
It  contains  Hardinsburg  and  Fredericksburg.  ^ 

Poseyville,  po'ze-vil,  a  post-village  in  Robb  townshif^ 
Posey  CO.,  Ind.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  h« 
several  stores,  a  graded  school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  213. 

Posgam',  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Yarkand.     Pop.  about  8000. 


POS 


2211 


POT 


Posidonia^  an  ancient  name  of  Pesto. 
Posilippo,  po-se-lip'po  (ano.  Pausilypum),  a  hill  of 
Italy,  immediately  adjoining  the  city  of  Naples  on  the  W,, 
and  through  \?hich  extends  a  tunnel,  "  the  Grotto  of  Po- 
Bilinpo,"  2316  feet  in  length,  22  feet  in  breadth,  and  89  feet 
in  height,  and  of  very  remote  antiquity. 
Posna,  the  Latin  name  of  Posen. 
Posna'nia  (Fr.  Poananie,  pos^ni^nee'),  the  region  now 
forming  the  Prussian  province  of  Posen. 
.^_    Po'so,  a  station  in  Kern  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pa- 
^^■Mo  Railroad,  87  miles  S.^.E.  of  Fresno  City. 
^^^■Posonium,  or  Posony,  Hangary.     See  Presbcro. 
^^^■.'Possagno,  pos-s&n'yo,  a  village   of  Italy,  23   miles 
^^■r.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  1688. 

\^K  Fossentina,  an  island  of  Italy.     See  Bisentina. 
^^B  Pos^siet'  (or  Possiette,  pos-se-et')  Bay,  a  large  in- 
I^B^t  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Sea  of  Japan, 
17  miles  N.  of  the  N.E.  angle  of  Corea.     On  it  is  the  town 
of  Novgorodski. 

Possneck)  pos'nfik,  a  town   of  Germany,   in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Saalfeld,  on  an  affluent  of 
^^Jhe  Orla.     Pop.  6212. 

^^E^Post,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  819, 
^^Hkolusive  of  Postville. 

^^^■~Post  Boy,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the 
^^^krietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of 
^^^■unbridge. 

^^BPost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 
I^^Foste  des  Grais,  post  d&  gr&,  a  post-village  in  St. 
"Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  200. 
l^_^Postelberg,  pos't§l-bSRG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles 
^^H.N.E.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  2566. 
^^H^Postiglione,  pos-teel-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
V^m  Salerno,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3291. 
^^KPost  Mill  Vil'lage,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  Vt., 
^^m  Thetford  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Ely  Station.     It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber,  and  shoes. 
Post  Oak,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.    Pop.  2631. 
Post   Oak,   a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..   Mo.,  59  miles 
".N.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches. 
Post  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tfex. 
Post  Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex., 
[  miles  S.  of  Schulenburg. 

Post  Oak  Island,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex. 
Post  Oak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 
Pos'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
[.Mississippi  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
^church. 

Post's,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
kul  &  Taylor's  Falls  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul. 
Post  Town,  Butler  co.,  0.    See  Poast  Town. 
Post'ville,  a  post-village  in  Post  township,  Allamakee 
ec,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
at  its  juHction  with  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern 
Railroad,  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  McGregor,  and  about  70 
miles  N.W.  of   Dubuque.     It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  712. 
Postville,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 
Postville,  a  village  of  Green  oo..  Wis.,  in  York  town- 
dp,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Monroe.    It  has  2  churches  and 
cheese-factory.     The  name  of  its  poSt-office  is  Stewart. 
Postville,  Ontario.     See  Trafalgar. 
Potai-mat,  French  Cochin  China.     See  Cancao. 
Pota'to  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Pike  co.,  runs  nearly 
ithwestward  through  Upson  co.,  and  enters  Flint  River 
)ut  8  miles  S.  of  Thomaston. 

Potato  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sugar  Creek  township, 
Montgomery  oo.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Potchefstrom,  po'chef-strSm,  or  Mooi  (moo'ee) 
River  Dorp,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  in  the 
Transvaal.     Lat.  26°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  35'  E. 

Potchinki,  or  Potschinki,  po-ohin'kee,  written  also 
Poczinka,  po-chin'ki,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  120  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Alateer.     Pop.  7224. 
Poteau,  poHo',  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Ark. 
Poteau  Kiver  rises  in  Scott  oo..  Ark.,  and  runs  west- 
trd  into  the  Indian  Territory.    It  finally  runs  northward, 
aad  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  3  miles  above  Fort 
Smith.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Poteca'si,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  oo.,  N.C., 
about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church. 

Potengi,  po-t8n-zhee',  or  Potingi,  po-teen-zhee', 
often  improperly  called  Rio  Grande,  ree'o  gr8,n'd&,  a 
riv«r  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Serra  Borborema,  flows  in  a 


N.E.  direction,  and  falls  into  the  sea  about  22  miles  S.  of 
Cape  St.  Roque.     Coasting-vessels  get  up  to  near  Natal, 

Potenza,  po-tfin'zi  (anc.  Poten'tia),  a  fortified  town 
of  Italy,  capital  of  Basilicata,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the 
Apennines,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Salerno.  Pop.  18,513.  It 
has  a  fine  cathedral  of  Doric  architecture,  6  convents,  a 
royal  college,  an  episcopal  seminary,  2  hospitals,  and  manu- 
factures  of  serge,  woollen  cloth,  coarse  cotton  goods,  leather, 
and  earthenware.     See  also  Basilicata. 

Potenza,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Monte  Pen- 
nine, flows  E.N.E.  about  50  miles,  and  enters  the  Adriatic 
2i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Loreto. 

Potenza  Picena,  po-t8n'z&  pe-ch&'n&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Macerata,  on  the  Adriatic,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Potenza.     Pop.  of  commune,  6763. 

Poth^rie,  poH&Vee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  5  miles  N.  of  Cond6.     Pop.  2067. 

Poti,  or  Pothi,  po'tee,  a  seaport  of  Russia,  in  Trans- 
caucasia, government  of  Kootais,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Phaais,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Black  Sea.  It  is  a  military 
post  of  importance,  and  has  an  export  trade  in  wine,  honey, 
wax,  wool,  silk,  and  skins.  It  is  connected  by  railway  with 
Tiflis.     Pop.  3026. 

Poti,  po-tee',  or  Caratuez,  k4-ri-too-fis',  a  river  of 
Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  flows  S.W.  and  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Par- 
nahiba.     Length,  200  miles. 

Poti,  Poty,  po-tee',  or  Pnti,  poo-tee',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  120  miles  N.  of  Oeiras,  on  the  Pamahiba, 
at  the  junction  of  the  river  Poty. 

Potingi,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Potengi. 

Poto'mac,a  large  river  formed  by  its  North  and  South 
Branches,  which  rise  in  the  Alleghany  Mountains  in  West 
Virginia  and  unite  on  the  N.  border  of  Hampshire  co., 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Cumberland.  It  runs 
first  northeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Mary- 
land and  West  Virginia.  Below  Hancock  it  flows  southeast- 
ward to  Harper's  Ferry,  where  it  passes  through  a  grand 
and  picturesque  gorge  in  the  Blue  Ridge  and  strikes  the 
boundary  of  Virginia  and  Loudoun  co.  It  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  Maryland  and  Virginia  from  Harper's  Ferry 
to  its  mouth,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction.  About  15 
miles  above  Washington  the  river  descends  nearly  80  feet 
in  a  distance  of  2  miles,  and  forms  a  cataract  about  35  feet 
high.  It  meets  the  tide  at  Georgetown,  D.C.,  and  a  few 
miles  lower  begins  to  expand  into  an  estuary  which  is  about 
100  miles  long  and  varies  in  width  from  2i  to  6  or  7  miles. 
It  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  about  lat.  38°  N.  and  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  Western  Shore  of  Maryland.  The  length 
of  the  main  stream  is  estimated  at  400  miles.  The  largest 
ships  can  ascend  it  to  Washington,  where  the  river  is  more 
than  a  mile  wide.  The  largest  affluents  of  the  Potomac  are 
the  Shenandoah,  the  Cacapon,  and  the  Monocacy.  The  North 
Branch  of  the  Potomac  runs  northeastward  from  its  source 
to  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Md.,  and  the  cos.  of  Grant  and  Mineral  of  West 
Virginia.  It  is  about  110  miles  long.  The  South  Branch 
drains  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction, 
and  intersects  the  cos.  of  Hardy  and  Hampshire.  It  is 
140  miles  long. 

Potomac,  Vermilion  co..  111.    See  Marysville. 

Potomac,  a  post-village  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  below  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  2  brick-yards,  a  wagon-factory,  &c. 

Potomac,  a  post-office  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va. 

Potomac  Creek,  Va.,  runs  southeastward  through 
Stafford  co.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River. 

Potomac  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Va.,  near  the  Potomac  River,  44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Fred- 
ericksburg.    It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Potosi,  po-to-see'  or  po-to'see,  a  department  of  Bolivia, 
having  W.  South  Peru,  and  on  other  sides  the  depart 
ments  of  Oruro,  Chuquisaca,  and  Tarija.  Estimated  area, 
31,800  square  miles.  Pop.  250,000,  of  whom  one-half  are 
Indians.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  It  contains  the 
richest  silver-mines  in  South  America.  It  is  divided  into 
the  provinces  of  Chayanta,  Chichas,  Potosi,  Lipes,  and 
Porco.     Chief  city,  Potosi. 

Potosi,  a  city  of  Bolivia,  on  the  N.  declivity  of  the 
Cerro  Gordo  de  Potosi,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Chuquisaca.  Ele- 
vation, 13,330  feet.  Pop.  25,774.  Early  in  the  seventeenth 
century  it  is  believed  to  have  had  150,000  inhabitants.  It 
has  in  its  centre  a  spacious  square,  in  which  are  the  gov- 
ernment house,  a  great  mint,  a  college,  town  house,  jail, 
treasury,  and  other  public  offices,  with  some  religious  edi- 
fices, and  an  obelisk  erected  in  1825  in  honor  of  Bolivar. 
The  bouses  are  generally  of  stone  or  brick.    The  vicinity  ia 


POT 


2212 


POT 


barren  and  cheerless.  In  the  conical  summit  of  the  Cerro 
are  more  than  5000  openings,  made  in  search  of  silver. 
The  top  of  the  mountain  is  completely  honey-combed  and 
exhausted ;  lower  down  springs  become  numerous,  and  the 
richest  mines  are  now  filled  with  water,  but  the  product  is 
still  considerable.  Since  1545  the  mines  of  Potosi  are  sup- 
posed to  have  yielded  gold  and  silver  to  the  value  of 
$100,000,000.  The  Cerro  de  Potosi  is  18  miles  in  circum- 
ference,  with  an  elevation  of  16,152  feet. 

Poto'si,  a  post-village  in  Cropsey  township,  Livingston 
CO.,  111.,  10  miles  S.  of  Fairbury.     It  has  2  churches. 

Potosi,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1882. 
It  contains  Pleasanton. 

Potosi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co..  Mo., 
in  Breton  township,  65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is 
on  a  branch  railroad,  4  miles  long,  which  connects  at  Min- 
eral Point  with  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  and  1  or 
2  newspaper  offices.  Mines  of  lead  (galena)  have  been 
opened  near  this  place.     Pop.  897. 

Potosi,  a  post-village  in  Potosi  township.  Grant  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Grant 
River,  1 5  miles  above  D  ubuque.  It  is  in  a  narrow,  picturesque 
ravine,  and  has  several  churches.  Lead  and  other  products 
are  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Potosi  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcintosh 
CO.,  Ga.     Pop.  36. 

Potrero,  po-tri'ro,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Potschinki,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Potchinki. 

Potsdam,  pots'dim,  a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  a  gov- 
ernment of  its  own  name,  and  the  second  royal  residence 
of  the  kingdom,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Nuthe  with  the 
Havel,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  in  1890,  54,125.  It 
is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  regularly  built  cities  in  Ger- 
many. It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town  (separated  by 
the  Havel  Canal),  and  several  suburbs,  partly  walled,  and 
entered  by  5  land  and  4  water  gates.  It  has  many  fine 
buildings,  ornamented  with  statuary,  and  several  elegant 
squares,  in  one  of  which  is  a  marble  obelisk  76  feet  high, 
with  the  names  of  the  rulers  of  Prussia.  The  chief  build- 
ings are  the  royal  castle  and  council-house,  the  garrison 
church,  and  theatre.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  seminary,  a 
school  for  military  cadets,  a  geographical  school,  and  an  in- 
stitution for  the  education  of  orphans  of  the  military.  It 
has  large  manufactures  of  fire-arms,  sugar,  cotton  goods, 
woollens,  silk,  lace,  leather,  and  chemicals.  In  its  immediate 
vicinity  is  the  palace  of  Sana-Sonci,  the  favorite  residence 
of  Frederick  the  Great,  the  new  palace,  a  splendid  building 
in  a  fine  park,  and  the  Peacock  Island,  in  the  Havel,  with 
a  summer-house,  a  menagerie,  palm-house,  and  gardens. 

Potsdam,  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg.    Area,  6120  square  miles.     Pop.  1,101,161. 

Pots'dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  108. 

Potsdam,  a  post-village  in  Potsdam  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racket  River,  and  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  <k  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Canton,  and  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has 
a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here  affords  abundant 
water-power.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  state  normal  and 
training  school,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  ma- 
chine-shops, a  flouring-mill,  several  large  saw-mills,  and 
other  manufactories.  Here  are  quarries  of  Potsdam  sand- 
stone, a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  of  the  Lower 
Silurian  formation,  and  derives  its  name  from  this  place. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  and  contains  the  village  of  Norwood. 
Pop.  of  the  village  (1890),  3961 ;  of  the  township,  8939. 

Potsdam,  Miami  co.,  0.     See  Georgetown. 

Potsdam  Junction,  New  York.    See  Norwood. 

Pots  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Pottawatomie,  potHa-w6t'a-me,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  848  square  miles.  It 
ts  boanded  on  the  S.  by  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Big  Blue  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Red  Vermilion 
and  Rock  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rocks  which  underlie  this  county  are 
carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Westmoreland. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7848;  in  1875,  10,344;  in  1878,  11,196;  in 
1880,  16,350;  in  1890,  17,722. 

Pottawatomie,  township,  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.   P.  791. 

Pottawatomie,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Kan.  P.  1052. 

Pottawatomie,  township,  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  955.     Post-offices,  Pleasant  Run  and  Myers  Valley. 

Pottawattamie,  potHa-wot'a-me,   a  county  in  the 


S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  is  inter- " 
sected  by  the  West  Nishnabatona,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Boyer  River,  and  Mosquito,  Keg,  Silver,  and  Walnut 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Carboniferous  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroads.  Other  railroads 
connect  at  Council  Bluffs,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,893;  in  1880,  39,850;  in  1890,  47,430. 

Pottendorf,  pot't^n-doBT,  a  town  of  Austria,  20  miles 
S.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  3057. 

Pottenstein,  pot't^n-stine^  or  Bodenstein,  bo' 
d^n-stine^  a  town  of  Austria,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna. 

Pot'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1070  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Alleghany  and  Genesee  Rivers, 
which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Kettle,  Pine,  and  Oswayo  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  elevated,  and  hilly  or  uneven.  Forests  of 
sugar-maple,  oak,  pine,  beech,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part  of 
its  area.  The  soil  is  partly  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  potatoes,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products. 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Cou- 
dersport.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,265;  in  1880,  13,797  ;  in  1890. 
22,778. 

Potter,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  Panhandle.  Area, 
900  square  miles.     Capital,  Amarillo.     Pop.  in  1890,  849. 

Potter,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co.,  Neo.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Sidney. 

Potter,  or  Potter  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Potter 
township,  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Flint  Creek,  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  2 
churches.  Here  is  Potter  Post-Office.  The  township  con- 
tains the  greater  part  of  Rushville,  and  a  pop.  of  1918. 

Potter,  a  hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Weston  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Potter,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2358.  It 
contains  Potter's  Mills. 

Potter  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa. 

Potter  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Albany. 

Potter  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Hopkinton  and  Westerly  townships,  on  the  Charles  or  Paw- 
catuck  River,  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington,  Conn.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  299. 

Potteries,  The,  several  towns  and  villages  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Stafford,  where  china-  and  stoneware-manufac- 
tures are  carried  on,  comprising  Stoke-upon-Trent,  Hanley, 
Shelton,  Longton,  and  Burslem,  together  identical  with  the 
parliamentary  borough  of  Stoke. 

Potter  Place,  a  post-village  in  Andover  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  31  miles 
N.W.  of  Concord,  and  about  3  miles  N.  of  Mount  Kearsarge. 

Pot'tersburg,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Spillman  Creek,  about  46  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salina.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Pottersbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Day- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pot'ter's  Cor'ners,  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  is  about  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Meadville. 

Potter's  Hol'low,  a  post- village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Catskill  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  138. 

Potter's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Choptank,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Annapolis. 

Potter's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis. 

Potter's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Potter  township,  Cen 
tre  CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bellefonte,  and  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  2  or  3  stores,  and 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Pot'tersville,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Pottersville,  a  post-office  of  Howell  co..  Mo. 

PottersTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Keene.     It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Pottersville,  a  post-village  on  the  Lamington  River, 
Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has 
a  church,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-implements. 

Pottersville,  a  post- village  in  Chester  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Sohroon  River,  at  the  S.  end  of  Schroon 
Lake,  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Whitehall.  Here  is  at- 
tractive scenery.   Steamboats  navigate  the  lake  in  summer. 

Potter  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  oo.,  Cal., 
45  miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a  church. 


POT 


2213 


POU 


Pot'terville,  a  po&t-village  in  Benton  township,  Eaton 
_  >.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Hnron  Railroad,  12  miles 
■'8.W.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  rakes,  <lo.     Pop.  750. 

Potterville,  a  post- village  in  Orwell  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  •{  Owego,  N.Y. 

Pottes,  pott  or  potts,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 

10  miles  N.  of  Tournay,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scheldt. 

Potts'grove,  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.    P.  2895. 

Pottsgrove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 

on  the  Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  11^  miles  W.  of 

Danville.     It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  flour-mill. 

Potts's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Russellville. 

Potts'town,  a  borough  of  Montgomery  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Manatawny  Creek, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading,  40  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Phoenixville.      It  is  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad  and  the  Schuylkill  Val- 
ley Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad.    Its  site  is  a  plain, 
sarrounded  by  verdant  and  cultivated  hills.     It  contains 
22  ohorohes  (Protestant,  Catholic,  and  Jewish),  a  high- 
■tandard  boarding-school  for  boys  and  young  men,  a  hand- 
some opera-house,  3  national  banks  and  a  safe  deposit  and 
trust  company,  a  $1,000,000  steel  plant,  11  rolling-mills,  4 
on-foundries,  2  blast-furnaces,  2  nail-factories,  an  exten- 
ire  iron-bridge-works,  boiler,  bicycle,  and  stove  manufac- 
ies,  textile-works,  1  hosiery-,  5  cigar-,  and  3  oarriage- 
Btories,  2  planing-  and  2  flour-mills,  cold-storage  works, 
,  brewery,  a  $40,000  hospital,  electric-light-  and  gas-plants, 
eleotrio-car  lines,  2  reservoirs,  a  fire  department  with  elec- 
ic-alarm  system  and  4  steam  fire-engines,  7  hotels  (2  of 
liem  among  the  finest  in  the  interior  of  the  state),  2  daily 
id  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  fine  parks  (one  of  them  con- 
uning  the  well-known  "ringing-rocks,"  a  nataral  won- 
ler),  and  a  board  of  trade.    The  Schuylkill  River  is  crossed 
By  2  bridges  and  the  Manatawny  Creek  by  1  bridge.     The 
'  jrough  charter  dates  from  1815.    The  borough  is  without 
^ebt,  although  the  tax-rate  is  but  6  mills,  the  lowest  in  the 
ite.    Pop.  in  1880,  5305 ;  in  1890, 13,285 ;  in  1894, 17,160. 
Pottstown  Lauding,  a  village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
North    Coventry  township,  on   the  Schuylkill   River, 
;>posite  Pottstown.     Pop.  about  200. 
r  Potts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  oo.,  Ky.,  about  20 
niiles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Pottsville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  is 
BD  the  Schuylkill  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Norwegian  Creek, 
id  at  the  N.W.  base  of  Sharp  Mountain,  35  miles  N.W. 
"  Reading,  93  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  17  miles  S.W. 
Tamaqua,  and  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.     It  is 
ie  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad, 
branch  of  which  extends  from  this  place  to  Tamaqua. 
?ottsvilIe  is  also  connected  with  Harrisburg  by  divisions 
pf  the  Reading  and  Pennsylvania  Railroads,  and  a  division 
bf  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  system  passes  through  the 
ity,  connecting  it  closely  with  neighboring  cities.     It  is 
picturesquely  situated,  and  is  built  partly  on  the  sides  of 
Bveral  steep  hills.    The  city  is  lighted  with  electricity,  and 
Dntains  a  court-house,  a  town  hall,  a  jail,  18  churches,  a 
igh  school,  3  national  banks,  having  an  aggregate  capital 
j»f  $1,100,000,  6  other  banks,  and   printing-offices  which 
•sue  4  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers :  2  of  the  weekly 
fcpers  are  German.    Its  prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from 
perations   in   anthracite,  which   is   mined  in   the  great 
ohuylkill  coal-field  and  is  conveyed  to  this  place  by  several 
branch  railroads.     The  annual  product  of  the  Schuylkill 
1.1-field  or  district  is  about  8,000,000  tons.     The  coal  is 
It  to  market  by  the  several  railroads  and  the  Schuylkill 
Navigation  Company.    Here  are  several  rolling-mills,  iron- 
furnaces,  foundries,  and  machine-shops,  a  silk-mill,  a  shirt- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  sash,  Ac.      Pop.  in 
1880,  13,253  ;  in  1890,  14,117. 

Pottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Tex.,  about 
65  miles  W.  of  Waco. 
Po'tuck,  a  hamlet  in  Southampton  township,  Sufiblk 
).,  N.Y.,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  West  Hampton. 
iPoty,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Poti. 
Pouanc^,  poo-fiN»*si'  or  pw6n"'8i',  a  town  of  France, 
Maine-et-Loire,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  2084. 
Pouch  Cove,  a  village  of  Newfoundland,  19  miles  from 
L  John's.     Pop.  830. 

Ponching-Hien,  China.    See  Poochino-Hien. 
Poucques,  pook,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Plan- 
ers, 12  miles  W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1620. 
Poughkeepsie,  p9-kip'see,  a  hamlet  of  Sharp   co., 
Lrk..  8  miles  B.  of  Evening  Shades. 


Poughkeepsie,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.T.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
74  miles  north  of  New  York  City,  and  70  miles  south  of 
Albany.  Lat.  41<»  40'  N^;  Ion.  73°  55'  W.  The  site  is  a 
plateau  or  plain  which  is  nearly  200  feet  higher  than  the 
water  and  is  enclosed  on  the  E.  side  by  high  hills.  The 
plan  of  the  city  is  regular,  and  the  streets  cross  one  another 
at  right  angles.  It  is  connected  with  New  York  and  Albany 
by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the 
Poughkeepsie  A  Eastern  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Miller- 
ton, — 47  miles.  At  this  point  is  a  bridge  across  the  Hud- 
son River,  which  is  said  to  be  the  largest  in  America.  It  is 
operated  by  the  Philadelphia,  Reading  A  New  England 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  railroad  pystems  on  the 
W.,  and  extends  to  Hartford,  eastward  110  miles.  There  is 
also  a  steam  ferry.  Two  miles  N.  of  the  city  are  the  large 
and  imposing  buildings  of  the  Hudson  River  State  Hos- 

?ital  for  the  Insane,  erected  at  a  cost  of  over  $2,000,000. 
oughkeepsie  is  distinguished  for  the  number  and  quality 
of  its  educational  institutions.  It  is  the  seat  of  Vassar 
College  (for  women),  which  was  organized  in  1865,  and  was 
founded  and  liberally  endowed  by  Matthew  Vassar,  after 
whom  it  was  named.  Large  additions  to  its  buildings  and 
endowments  have  since  been  made  by  the  nephews  of  the 
founder,  Matthew  Vassar,  Jr.,  and  John  Guy  Vassar.  It 
has  about  45  professors  and  instructors,  a  library  of  20,000 
volumes,  and  accommodates  about  500  students.  This  city 
contains,  besides  many  handsome  residences,  20  churches, 
a  high  school,  Lyndon  Hall  School  (for  girls),  the  River- 
view  Academy,  Berkeley  School  (for  boys),  an  opera-house, 
public  library,  home  for  the  friendless,  home  for  aged  men 
and  women,  Vassar  Brothers'  Institute,  Vassar  Brothers' 
Hospital  (both  largely  endowed  by  the  gentlemen  whose 
names  they  bear),  a  comprehensive  electric  railroad  system, 
extepding  to  Wappinger's  Falls  (8  miles  S.),  6  national 
banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $1,125,000,  a 
savings-bank,  a  blast-furnace,  manufactures  of  mowing- 
machines,  milk-separators,  and  other  farming-implements, 
horseshoes,  machinery,  glass,  shoes,  ironware,  water-heat- 
ers, clothing,  hardware  specialties,  fishing-rods,  wood-work, 
silk  thread,  carriages,  Ac.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  College  Hill  Park,  comprising 
80  acres,  is  situated  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  city. 
Pop.  in  1875,  19,859;  in  1880,  20,207;  in  1890,  22,206. 

Poughquag,  po-kw6g',  a  post-village  in  Beekman 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about  66  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

PouiiIy>en-Montagne,  poo^ee'-  (or  poo^yee'-) 
fiNo-m6N»H8,n',  a  town  of  France,  in  C8te-a'0r,  21  miles 
N.W.  of  Beaune.     Pop.  1090. 

Pouilly-sur-Charlieu,  poo^yee'-  (or  pooPyee'-)  sttn 
shaRMe-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  7  miles  N.  of 
RoannCj  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  1886. 

Pouinipete,pwee^ne-p8t',  also  called  Ponapi,  pon'- 
4-pee',  and  Ascension,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
in  the  Carolines.  Lat.  6°  52'  N.;  Ion.  158°  24'  E,  It  is 
about  50  miles  in  circumference.     Pop.  5000. 

Ponlaines,  poo^lin'  or  poo^lfin',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Indre,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Issoudun.    Pop.  2028. 

Pouligny,  poo^leen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre, 
on  the  Suin,  4  miles  N.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  2048. 

Poullan,  pooriftN*',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistdre, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1172. 

Ponllaonen,  pooMiVfin«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tSre,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Carhaix.     Pop.  of  commune,  3380. 

Poulo,  or  Pnlo,poo'lo  (from  the  Greek  navpov, pauro*, 
or  Lat.  paulua),  a  modern  Greek  term,  signifying  "  little," 
forming  a  prefix  or  suffix  to  the  names  of  many  islets  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  as,  Sktro  Poulo,  "  Little  Skyro." 

Ponltney,  pOlt'nee,  a  village  of  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  32  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 

Poultuey,  a  neat  post-village  in  Poultney  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  near  a  river  of  its  own  name,  on  the 
Rensselaer  A  Saratoga  Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rut- 
land, 7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Castleton,  and  about  10  miles  E. 
of  Whitehall.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  a  saw-miJl.  a  large 
summer  boarding-house,  several  slate-quarries,  and  manu- 
factories of  slate.     Pop.  In  1890,  8239 :  of  township,  11,760. 

Poultney  River  rises  in  Rutland  oo.,  Vt.,  runs  north- 
westward to  Washington  co.  of  New  York,  and  enters  the 
S.  end  of  Lake  Champlain  about  1  mile  N.  of  Whitehall. 

Poumaron,  poo^miVBn',  a  river  of  British  Guiana, 
flows  N.N.E.,  then  N.N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  be- 
tween the  Barima  and  Essequibo.     Length,  100  miles. 

Pound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  oo.,  Va.,  65  miles  N.W. 
of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


POU 


2214 


POW 


Ponnd'ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poundridge  township, 
Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York. 
Pop.  of  township,  1012. 

Fonng-Day,  p5wng-di',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Prome.     Pop.  5131.' 

Pounukka,  a  town  of  India.    See  Poonttkka. 

Pouppeville,  poopVeel',  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry 
parish,  La.,  65  miles  from  Morgan  City.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Pour,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Poor. 

Pourratin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Poorateen. 

Pourri^res,  pooR^re-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  7 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Saint-Maximin.     Pop.  1820. 

Poasoalegre,  p&'so-3,-l5,'gri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
Minas-Geraes,  230  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Poussan,  poos^sftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  2317. 

Poust-Ozersk,  a  town  of  tlussia.   See  Poost-Ozeksk. 

Pou-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.     See  Poo-Choo. 

Poutivl,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Pootivl. 

Ponto,  an  island  of  China.     See  Pooto. 

Foutroye,  pooHRw&',  or  Schnierlach,  shneeR'l&s,  a 
town  of  Alsace,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  2462. 

Pouzanges,  poo^zozh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue, 
20  miles  N.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  1131. 

Ponzin,  Le,  l§h  poo^zS,No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dSehe,  on  the  Rhone,  7  miles  E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  2611. 

Poverty  Bay,  New  Zealand.    See  Turanga  Bat. 

Pov'erty  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Poviglio,  po-veel'yo  (L.  Pupe'lium),  a  town  of  Italy, 
13  miles  E.N.B.  of  Parma.     Pop.  5588. 

Povoa  de  Varzim,  po-vo'4  di  vaR-zeeN»',  a  town  of 
Portugal,  province  of  Douro,  near  the  sea-coast,  18  miles 
from  Braga.     Pop.  10,012. 

Povolide,  po-vo-lee'di,  a  town  of  Portugal, in  Beira- 
Alta,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1944. 

Powagnrh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chumpaneer. 

Pow'ar's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Casey  co.,  Ky. 

Poway,  p6w-wi',  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Pow'der  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Munfordville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Powder  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
drains  parts  of  Union  and  Baker  cos.,  and  enters  the  Snake 
or  Lewis  River.  It  is  about  150  miles  long.  Its  general 
direction  is  nearly  eastward. 

Powder  River  rises  in  Wyoming,  among  the  Big 
Horn  Mountains,  and  runs  northward  to  the  southern 
boundary  of  Montana.  It  subsequently  flows  northeast- 
ward and  northward,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone  River  in 
the  E.  part  of  Montana,  about  lat.  46°  46'  N.  Estimated 
length,  350  miles. 

Powder  Spring  Gap,  post-office,  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Powder  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga., 
about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Poweic,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Punitz. 

Pow'ell,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  144  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Red  River.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  produces 
Indian  corn,  grass,  Ac.  Capital,  Stanton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2599  ;  in  1880,  3639  ;  in  1890,  4698. 

Powell,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co..  Mo.,  20  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Neosho. 

Powell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  <fc  Toledo  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Colum- 
bus.    It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Powell,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Powell  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Meridian.     It  has  a  ohuroh,  an  academy,  &o. 

Pow'ell sburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Highland  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Clay  Centre.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Powell's  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Putnam  oo.,  runs 
N.W.,  and  enters  the  Auglaize  4  miles  S.W.  of  Defiance. 

Powell's  Creek,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  runs  nearly  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  5  miles 
above  Dauphin. 

Pow^ell's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Pow'ell's  Group,  or  South  Ork'ney,  a  group  of 
islands  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  lat.  60°  37'  S.,  Ion.  44° 
82'  W.,  and  E.  of  South  Shetland. 

Powell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.,  Ky.  See 
also  Malonb  and  Stockdale. 

Powell's  River  rises  in  Wise  oo.,  Va.,  and  runs 
southwestward  into  East  Tennessee.  It  intersects  Claiborne 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Clinch  River  about  12  miles  above  Clin- 
ton, Tenn.     It  is  nearly  1 50  miles  long. 


Powell's  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Caryville. 

Powell's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 
on  the  Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Knoxville. 

Powell's  Store,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Powell's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  co.. 
Oregon,  15  miles  E.  of  Portland. 

Pow'ellsville,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Pow'ellton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Chioo.     It  has  several  saw-mills, 

Powellton,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Pow'ellville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Coweta  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  <k  West  Point  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Newnan.     Here  is  a  church. 

Powellville,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md., 
about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pow'elton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Pensacola,  and  1  mile  from  the  Pensacola  A 
Louisville  Railroad  (Powelton  Station).  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  brick-yard. 

Powelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C.,  about 
60  miles  B.  of  Charlotte.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Powelton,  a  village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
&  Clearfield  Branch  of  the  PenDsylvania  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Altoona,  with  coal-mines. 

Pow'ers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Dawson. 

Powers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad 
between  Hartford  and  Union  City,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Hart- 
ford.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Powers,  a  post-office  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich. 

Pow'ersburg,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky. 

Pow'ers  Court,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Chateauguay  River,  6  miles  S.S.W  of 
Huntingdon.     Pop.  150. 

Powers  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Power's  Store,  Casey  co.,  Ky.    See  Powar's  Store. 

Pow'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Powersville,  a  post- village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Falmouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pow'erville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
N.W.  of  Boonton.     It  has  an  iron-forge. 

Poweshiek,  pow-e-sheek',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 

Eart  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
y  English  River,  North  Skunk  River,  and  Bear  Creek,  an 
affluent  of  the  Iowa  River,  which  touches  the  N.E.  corner 
of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Groves  of  the  ash,  elm,  white  oak,  hickory,  <fcc., 
grow  along  the  streams.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  greater  part 
of  this  county  is  prairie.  Among  its  minerals  is  carbo- 
niferous limestone.  Coal  is  said  to  be  found  in  it.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Iowa  Central,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific,  Burlington  A  Cedar  Rapids,  and  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroads.  Capital,  Montezuma.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,581;  in  1880,  18,936;  in  1890,  18,394. 

Pow^eshiek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.    P.  2105. 

Powhatan,  p6w^a-tan',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part 
of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  255  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  James  River,  and  on  the  P.  by  the 
Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  or  undu- 
lating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  also  traversed  by  the  Farm- 
ville  <k  Powhatan  Railroad.  Capital,  Powhatan  Court- 
House.     Pop.  in  1870,  7667 ;  in  1880,  7817 ;  in  1890,  6791. 

Powhatan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Ark.,  on  Black  River,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Batesville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Powhatan,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.     P.  912. 

Powhatan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Powhatan,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.    See  Genito. 

Powhatan  Court-House,  Va.    See  Scottsville. 

Powhatan  Point,  a  post-village  in  York  township, 
Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  from  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.,  and  about  15  miles  below  Bellaire.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour- mill.     Pop.  201. 

Powhattan,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa. 

Powis,  p6w'is,  the  ancient  British  name  of  an  eastern 
portion  of  Wales.  Powis  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Glive  fam- 
ily, is  1  mile  from  Welshpool. 

Powl's  Valley,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.     See  Matauorab. 


I 


POW 


2215 


PRA 


Pow'nal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pownal  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  981.  Pownal  Station  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  is  at  the  hamlet  of  West  Pow- 
nal, 18  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

Pownal*  a  post- village  in  Pownal  township,  Benning- 
ton CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Hoosao  River,  and  on  the  Troy  A  Boston 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  North  Adams,  Mass.,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Bennington.  It  contains  2  ohurehes,  the  Rural 
Home  School  for  boys,  and  a  manufactory  of  eotton  and 
woollen  goods.  The  township  contains  a  hamlet  named 
North  Pownal.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1919. 

Pownal)  a  post- village  in  Queens  oo..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  head  of  Pownal  Bay,  8  miles  from  Charlotte- 
town.     Pop.  150. 

Pownal  Centre*  a  post-office  of  Bennington  oo.,  Vt. 

Pow'nee,  or  Pauni*  pCw'nee,  written  also  Poho- 
nee,  a  town  of  India,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor.    Pop.  8973. 

Pow  of  Errol,aharborof  Scotland.  See  Port  Allen. 

Pow'ow  River*  a  fine  mill-stream,  rising  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.,  and  falling  into  the  Merrimac  a  few  miles 
above  Newburyport. 

Powy,  pow-i',  a  township  of  San  Diego  oo.,  Cal.  Pop.  91. 

Pow^yan',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilovind,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Shahjehanpoor.     Pop.  6202. 

Poxega*  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Pos&ga. 

Poxim,  po-sheeN«',  a  town  of  Brazil,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Alagoas,  on  the  Poxim.     Pop.  3000. 

Poyais*  po-yi'ees,  a  river  and  district  of  Nicaragua, 
with  a  settlement  on  the  river.  Lat.  15°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  86° 
10'  W. 

Poyales  del  Hoyo,  po-yi'lis  dfil  o'yo,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  "W.N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1629. 

Po-Yang,  po*-ying',  or  Pho-Yang,  p'ho^-ying',  a 
large  lake  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  in  its  N.  part. 
Lat.  28°  50'-30°  N.;  Ion.  116°-116°  40'  E.  Length,  80 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus 
waters  northward  into  the  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Poy'gan,  a  post-office  in  Poygan  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Poygan  Lake.     Pop.  868. 

Poygan  IJake*  Wisconsin,  is  in  Winnebago  co.,  about 

10  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh,  and  touches  the  E.  part  of  Wau- 
shara CO.  It  is  an  expansion  of  Wolf  River,  which  issues 
from  the  E.  end  of  the  lake,  and  is  about  10  miles  long  and 
3  miles  wide.     The  name  is  sometimes  written  Pauwaicun. 

Poy'ner,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1043. 

Poynette,  poi-net',  a  post-village  in  Dekorra  township, 
Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  railroad  between  Portage  and  Mad- 
ison, 25  miles  N.  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.   P.  (1890)  617. 

Poysdorp,  pois'doRp,  Poysdorf,  or  Poisdorf*  pois'- 
doRf,  a  town  of  Austria,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Korneuburg. 
Pop.  2317. 

Poysip'pi,  a  post-village  in  Poysippi  township,  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  on  Pine  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Berlin,  and 
about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  2  churches,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  856. 

Poza  de  la  Sal*  po'thS,  di  \i  s&I,  a  town  of  Spain,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Burgos.     Pop.  2447. 

Pozaldez*  po-th8.1-d5th',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
province  and  S.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  2185. 

Pozarewatz*  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Passarowitz. 

Pozo*  po'so,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal. 

Pozo  Alcon*  po'tho  il-k5n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  34  miles  E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3038. 

Pozoblanco*  po-tho-blin'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Cordova,  in  the  Sierra  Morena. 
It  has  dye-works  and  manufactures  of  wooHens.    Pop.  8007. 

Pozohondo*  poHho-hon'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1411. 

Pozo  Rubio,  po'tho  roo'be-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  province  and  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1230. 

Pozuelo*  po-thwi'lo  or  po-thoo-i'lo,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1261. 

Pozuelo  de  Calatrava*  po-thwi'lo  di  ki-li-tri'vi, 
ft  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  6  miles 
B.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1701. 

Pozzallo*  pot-zil'lo,  a  seaport  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  district  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Modioa.     Pop.  2895. 

Pozzo  di  Goto*  pot'so  dee  go'to,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
adjacent  to  Barcelona. 

Pozzolengo*  pot-so-lSn'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Brescia,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lonato.     Pop.  2053. 

Pozzolo  Formigaro,  pot'so-lo  foR-me-g3,'ro,  a  town 

11  Italy,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3469. 


Pozzo  Maggiore*  pot'so  m&d-jo'rA,  a  village  of  Sar- 
dinia, 21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alghero.     Pop.  2763. 

Pozznoli*  pot-soo-o'lee,  or  Pnzzuoli*  poot-soo-o'lee 
(ano.  Puteoli),  an  episcopal  town  of  Italy,  on  a  gulf  of  its 
own  name,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Naples.  Pop.  16,736.  In  an- 
cient times  it  was  an  important  city,  and  its  environs  were 
crowded  with  villas  of  the  wealthy  Romans.  Near  it  aro 
Lake  Averno,  the  Solfatara,  from  which  sulphur  is  exten- 
sively obtained,  and  the  Grotta  del  Cane. 

Pra*  pr&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Gknoa,  neai 
Voltri.     Pop.  of  commune,  4186. 

Prabatna*  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Riesbitburo. 

Prachelitz*  pr&K'Qh-lits^  or  Prachatitz,  pr&K'&- 
tits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Banitz,  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  3617. 

Pradalunga,  pr&-d&-loon'g&,  a  village  of  Italy,  • 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1397. 

Pradanos  de  Ojeda  (or  Oxeda),  pr&-D&'noce  d& 
o-Hi'D4,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  45  miles 
from  Palencia.     Pop.  1717. 

Pradelles*  pr&'dill',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  19  miles  S.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1872. 

Prades*  prid,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n€es-0rien- 
tales,  on  the  Tet,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Perpignan.  Pop.  3725. 
It  has  a  church,  an  asylum,  a  seminary,  and  manufactures 
of  coarse  cloth,  woollen  hosiery,  and  paper. 

Prado*  pr&'do,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minhu, 
on  the  Cavado,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2379. 

Prado,  pri'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito  Santo,  70 
miles  S.  of  Porto  Seguro,  at  the  mouth  of  tno  Juoumon. 

Prado*  a  small  town  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  in  the  state 
of  Bahia,  120  mile«  S.  of  Porto  Seguro. 

Prado*  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of  Par^,  55  milefl 
W.  of  Montalegre. 

Prado  del  Rey*  pri'no  dSl  ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Cadiz.     Pop.  2390. 

Pradoluengo*  pri-do-lwfin'go  or  pri'no-loo-Sng'go,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  province  and  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Burgos.     Pop.  2724. 

Praeneste*  the  ancient  name  of  Palestrina. 

Praesidium  Julium*  Portugal.     See  Santarem. 

Praestoe,  prfis'to^^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  ol 
Seeland,  on  Praestoe  Bay,  in  the  Baltic,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Nestved.   Chief  exports,  corn  and  lime. 

Prag*  a  post-office  of  Rawlins  co.,  Kansas. 

Praga*  pri'gi,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of  and 
opposite  Warsaw,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4000. 

Prague*  praig  (Ger.  Prag,  prig ;  L.  Pra'ga),  a  city  ol 
Europe,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Bohemia,  near  its  cen- 
tre, on  the  Moldau,  160  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vienna,  and  75 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Dresden.  Lat.  of  observatory,  49°  6'  N. ; 
Ion.  14°  25'  E.  Pop.  in  1890,  184,109.  It  stands  in  a 
basin-shaped  valley,  surrounded  by  five  hills,  on  the  slopes 
of  which  the  houses  rise  in  successive  tiers  from  the  water's 
edge ;  it  is  about  12  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  enclosed 
by  fortifications.  The  Moldau,  which  flows  N.  through  the 
city,  is  crossed  near  the  middle  by  the  celebrated  stone 
bridge  1855  feet  long,  ornamented  with  groups  of  statuary, 
and  having  a  lofty  tower  at  each  end,  built  in  the  fifteenth 
century ;  and  at  the  S.  end  of  the  Kleinseite  it  is  crossed  by 
a  modem  chain  bridge  which  rests  on  the  small  island  called 
"  Little  Venice."  On  the  right  bank  of  the  river  is  the 
Altstadt  (old  town),  with  the  Judenstadt  (Jews' quarter) 
and  the  Neustadt  (new  town) ;  on  the  left  bank  are  the 
Hradschin  and  the  Kleinseite ;  the  village  of  Wissehrad  on 
the  right  and  that  of  Smichew  on  the  left  bank  are  in- 
cluded in  its  bounds.  Prague,  peculiar  in  rts  architecture 
and  from  its  numerous  domes,  spires,  and  turrets,  has  quite 
an  Oriental  aspect.  The  finest  quarters  are  the  Neustadt, 
the  Kleinseite,  and  the  Hradschin.  Principal  buildings : — 
1.  In  the  Altstadt,  the  Theinkirche,  the  town  house,  the 
royal  library,  observatory,  many  scientific  establishments, 
the  buildings  of  the  old  university,  and  the  church  of 
St.  Gallas,  in  which  Huss  preached. — 2.  In  the  Judenstadt, 
the  Jewish  synagogue. — 3.  In  the  Neustadt,  the  new  town 
house,  the  military  hospital,  and  several  churches  with  fine 
paintings. — 4.  In  the  Kleinseite,  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
church- of  St.  Thomas,  and  the  artillery  barracks. — 5.  In 
the  Hradschin,  the  former  palace  of  the  Bohemian  kings,  a 
massive  and  imposing  structure,  and  the  cathedral  church 
of  St.  Vitus,  a  richly-decorated  Gothic  building,  containing 
the  tomb  of  St.  John  of  Nepomuk,  with  a  silver  shrine 
weighing  37  hundredweight,  and  those  of  many  Bohemian 
kings. — 6.  In  Wissehrad,  the  church  of  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul,  and  the  royal  armory.  In  the  village  of  Smichew  is 
the  noble  botanic  garden.  Prague  hai*  many  learned  and 
scientific  societies :  the  university,  founded  by  Charles  IV. 


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In  1348,  is  remarkable  as  the  first  school  of  learning  estab- 
lished in  Germany.  Prague  has  3  gymnasia,  a  normal 
school,  a  school  for  the  blind,  cabinets  of  natural  history, 
several  large  public  libraries,  and  many  public  hospitals. 
Its  manufactures  compviae  printed  cottons,  linens,  silks,  and 
woollens.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  commerce  of  Bohemia, 
its  transit  trade  being  facilitated  by  the  navigation  of  the 
Moldau  and  by  railways  which  connect  it  with  Olmutz  and 
Vienna  on  the  E.  and  S.  and  with  Pilsen  on  the  S.W.  It 
is  the  birthplace  of  Jerome  of  Prague. 

Pra'ha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Minn.,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
3  dry-goods  stores. 

Frah^ran',  a  southern  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Australia. 
Pop.  16,520. 

Frahusta,  pri-hoos'ti,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Eoumelia,  75  miles  B.N.B.  of  Salonica.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Praia,  Cape  Verd  Islands.     See  Porto  Praya. 

Praia  Grande,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Nictherot. 

Prairie, pra'ree, a  French  term  signifying  "meadow," 
is  applied  in  the  United  States  to  extensive  plains  destitute 
of  forest  trees,  and  possessing  a  soil  generally  deep  and 
fertile,  which  produces  luxuriant  crops  of  natural  pasture 
and  (when  cultivated)  of  agricultural  produce.  Such 
prairies  are  common  in  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
the  Dakotas,  Missouri,  and  parts  of  Michigan.  Minnesota, 
California,  Montana,  &c.  The  absence  of  forests  is  attrib- 
uted to  a  deficiency  of  rain,  and  the  deficiency  of  timber  is 
partly  compensated  by  extensive  deposits  of  coal,  especially 
in  the  states  of  Illinois,  Kansas,  Missouri,  and  Iowa.  In 
the  dry  air  of  the  prairies  situated  W.  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  the  standing  grass  in  winter  fetains  its  nutritious 
property  and  is  converted  into  good  hay.  The  grassy  and 
treeless  plains  which  occur  in  the  Southern  states,  and  are 
similar  to  prairies,  are  called  savannas.  Nearly  all  the  re- 
gion between  Ion.  96°  W.  and  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains is  true  typical  prairie. 

Prairie,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
in  the  E.  part  by  White  River,  in  the  N.  part  by  Des  Arc 
Bayou,  and  also  drained  by  the  Watansaw  Bayou.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  cypress,  oak,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees.     A 

fart  of  the  county  is  prairie.  The  soil  produces  cotton  and 
ndian  corn.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Rock 
&  Memphis  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Rail- 
road. Capitals,  Des  Arc  and  Devall's  Bluff.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6604;  in  1880,  8435;  in  1890,  11,374. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  111.    Pop.  829. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  111.     Pop.  1380. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  111.     Pop.  1218. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  White  co..  111.     Pop.  1603. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  278. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1623. 
It  contains  Hillsborough,  Summit,  and  Luray. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1248. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1547. 

Prairie,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  Jk  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  3i  miles  B.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  667. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1603.  It 
contains  Brookston. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  648. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  lawa.     Pop.  509. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  560. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  926. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1110, 
exclusive  of  New  Sharon. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  308. 
Post-otRce,  Aurora. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  362. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1120.     It  contains  Connor's  Station. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Audrain  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1191. 

Prairie,  Bates  co..  Mo.    See  Prairie  Citt. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1473. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1502. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Howard  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2476. 
It  contains  Roanoke. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3493. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1241. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  McDonald  co..  Mo.     Pop.  907. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1658. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2863. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1653. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1364. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     Pop.  1413. 


Prairie  Bird,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  about  i 
miles  N.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Prairie  Bird,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  about  2( 
miles  N.  of  Macon. 

Prairie  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  River,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  Steam- 
boats touch  here  daily. 

Frairieburg,  pra'ree-blirg,  a  post-village  in  Boulder 
township,  Lino  co.,  Iowa,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  116. 

Prairie  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  oo..  111., 
about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Prairie  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 9  miles  W.  of  Olathe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Prairie  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  oo.,  Neb. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  City  township 
McDonough  co.,  Ill,,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinc 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Galesburg,  and  17  miles  N." 
of  Macomb.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank, 
churches,  a  large  nursery,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Poj: 
1078;  of  the  township,  1645.     See  also  Majority  Point. 

Prairie   City,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Nation 
Indian  Territory,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Rail| 
road,  21  miles  B.N.E.  of  Vinita. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Des  Moines  townshij 
Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad 
24  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
newspaper  office,  and  1  or  2  banks.  Coal  is  found  near  tli 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  684. 

Prairie   City,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township 
Douglas  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence 
Galveston  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.     It  has 
church. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  City  township 
Bates  CO.,  Mo.,  near  the  Osage  River,  and  near  the  Mi 
souri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  about  65  miles  S.W.  ol 
Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1786.| 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon,  ot 
John  Day's  River,  15  miles  B.  of  Canyon  City.  It  has 
saw-mills  and  a  gold-mine. 

Prairie  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  nearly  southwestward 
through  Daviess  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White 
River  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Washington. 

Prairie  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Benton  co.,  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in  Linn  co.,  about  3  miles 
below  Cedar  Rapids. 

Prairie  Creek,  township,  Logan  co..  111.    Pop.  1164. 

Prairie  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Prairie  Creek  town- 
ship, Vigo  CO.,  Ind.,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Wabash  River, 
contains  2  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1236. 

Prairie  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa 
Pop.  998. 

Prairie  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Merrick  oo..  Neb. 

Prairie  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Prairie  Depot,  Wood  co.,  0.    See  Freeport. 

Prairie  Dog  Creek  rises  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, runs  northeastward  into  Nebraska,  and  enters  the  Re- 
publican River  in  Harlan  co.     Length,  125  miles. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  pra'ree  du  sheen,  a  city,  capital 
of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  is  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  3  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Wis- 
consin River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  (which  here  crosses  the  river),  abouc  70  miles 
above  Dubuque,  and  98  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Madison.  It 
is  finely  situated  on  a  level  plain  about  7  miles  long  and  1 
or  2  miles  wide,  and  contains  6  churches,  St.  John's  Col- 
lege (Catholic),  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
a  machine-shop,  a  flouring-mill,  a  large  saw-mill,  an  oil- 
mill,  and  2  plough-factories.  Here  is  an  artesian  well  900 
feet  deep.  P.  (1890)  3131;  of  township,  additional,  602. 
Prairie  du  Long,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  111. 
Pop.  1146.     It  contains  Freedom. 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  pra'ree  du  ro^shair',  a  post-vil 
lage  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Belleville,  and  3  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River.  It  hao 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  schools. 

Prairie  dn  Sac,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  du  Sao 
township,  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin 
River,  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Madison,  and  14  miles  S.  of 
Baraboo.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  tombstones.  Pop.  in  1890, 
562  ;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  Sauk  City,  618. 
Prairie  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D. 
Prairie  Farm,  a  post-village  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Hay  River,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1047. 


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Prairie  Fork^  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Mo. 

Prairie  Green,atown8hipof  Iroquois co., 111.    P.962. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo., 
A'k.,  45  miles  K.  of  Van  Buren.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
seminary  for  both  sexes,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  500. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  about  100. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  S.  of  Boone. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  oo..  Mo.,  about 
^0  miles  W.  of  Moberly.     It  has  2  churches. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-hamlet  in  Penn  township, 
Shelby  co.,  111.,  about  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Decatur.  It  has 
a  church. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  oo.,  Kansas, 
<^  miles  E.  of  Belleville.    See  also  Silkvilub. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-office  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Boonville. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb. 

Prairie  Land'iug,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  parish.  La. 

•'rairie  Lea,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
toe  San  Marcos  River,  about  42  miles  S.  of  Austin. 

Prairie  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Cofifee  co.,  Tenn. 

Prairie  Plains,  a  village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  about 
«8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Houston,  and  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Huntsville.     Pop.  642. 

Prairie  Point,  a  post-office  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss. 

Prairie  Point,  Anderson  co.,  Tex.    See  Douglas. 

Prairie  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Branch  co.,  runs 
westward  in  St.  Joseph  oo.,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River 
about  5  miles  W.  of  Centreville. 

Prairie  River,  Wisconsin,  runs  southwestward  in 
Lincoln  co.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  16  miles 
N.  of  Wausau. 

Prairie  Ronde,  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1163. 

Prairie  Spring,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1045. 

Prairie  Star,  a  post-office  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb. 

Prairie  Station,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  West  Point. 

Prairieton,  pra're-t9n,  a  post-village  in  Prairieton 
township,  Vigo  oo.,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Terre  Haute. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Wabash  River. 
Pop.  of  village,  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  955. 

Prairie  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  111., 
fcbout  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Prairie  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  mill. 

Prairie  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  7 
miles  from  Spadra  Station.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  100. 

Prairieville,  pra're-vll,  post-office,  Arkansas  co..  Ark. 

Prairieville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Palmyra  township,  Lee 
<30.,  Ill.j  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Sterling.     It  has  a  church. 

Prairieville,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette. 

Prairieville,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in  Long 
Creek  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Leon.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  125. 

Prairieville,  a  post-village  in  Prairieville  township, 
Barry  co.,  Mich.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  12 
miles  E.  of  Plainwell.     Pop.  of  township,  1168. 

Prairieville,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.    P.  388. 

Prairieville,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss. 

Prairieville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Hannibal  i  Keokuk  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Prairieville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex., 
about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

Pralboino,  pr&I-bo-ee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Brescia,  7  miles  S.  of  Leno,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  2838. 

Pralognan-Palay,  pr4'lon'yaK»'-p&'l&',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Savoy,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Moutiers.    Pop.  1043. 

Pralormo,  pri-loR'mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  of  commune,  1607. 

Prantej,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pakrauntaqe. 

Prascorsano,  pris-koB-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Turin,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1012. 

Praslin,  pris^Ieen',  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  one 
of  the  Seychelles.     Lat.  4°  17'  16"  S. ;  Ion.  65°  44'  15"  E. 

140 


Pr&stOe,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Pr^eotoe. 

Prata,  pri'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
6  miles  S.  of  Montefusoo.     Pop.  2692. 

Prata,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  W.N.W.  of 
Piedimonte.     Pop.  1926. 

Pratabghur,  or  Pratabgarh.    See  Pertaubohcr. 

Pratas,  pr&'t&s,  a  cluster  of  islands,  shoals,  and  rocki 
in  the  China  Sea.     Lat.  23°  60'  N.;  Ion.  116°  45'  E. 

Pra'ther,  a  post-hamlet  in  Utica  township,  Clarke  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Charlestown  and  Jeflferson- 
ville,  at  Gibson  Station.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements. 

Prather's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 

Prathersville,  pri'th^rs-vll,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co.. 
Mo.,  5  miles  N.  of  Missouri  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  stores. 

Prato,  pr&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Florence,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Amo.  Pop.  12,897. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  ditches,  and  has  a  noble  square,  a 
cathedral  of  marble,  hospitals  and  asylums,  a  college,  an  an- 
cient palace,  now  a  prison,  2  workhouses,  a  theatre,  manu- 
factures of  straw  plait,  woollen  cloth,  silk  thread,  hats,  and 
soap,  with  tanneries  and  extensive  copper-works. 

Prato  Vecchio,  prl'to  v5k'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  24 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Amo.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls.     Pop.  4680. 

Prats  de  Liusanes,  pr&ts  d&  Ioo-s&'n£s,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bar- 
celona.    Pop.  2044. 

Prats  de  Mollo,  pr&  d^h  morio',  a  fortified  town  of 
France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  on  the  Tech,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  C6ret.     Pop.  1320. 

Pratt,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ninnescah  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level  and  almost  destitute  of  forests. 
Capital,  Pratt.     Pop.  in  1880,  1890  j  in  1890,  8118. 

Pratt,  a  hamlet  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  21  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Sterling. 

Pratt,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  80 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  several  churches,  2 
banking-houses,  4  newspaper  offices,  Ac.   Pop.  in  1890, 1418. 

Pratt,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  Port  Jefferson. 

Pratteln,  pr&t't^ln,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  6  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1613. 

Pratt'ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Mexico  township,  1^  miles  from  Union  Square,  and  2  miles 
E.  of  Mexico.     It  has  a  church  and  20  families. 

Pratts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  (Ja.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Howard  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Prattsburg,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.T.,  in 
Prattsburg  township,  about  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira, 
and  14  miles  N.  of  Bath.  It  contains  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  banking-house,  a  flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  639 ;  of  the  township,  2523. 

Pratt's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Pratt's  Hol'low,  a  post-village  in  Eaton  township, 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  13i  miles  S.  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  35  houses. 

Pratt's  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sterling  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches 
of  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  chair-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Pratts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark. 

Prattsville,  a  oeautiful  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Prattsville  township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about 
46  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  an  academy,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  hats. 
Pop.  489 ;  of  the  township,  1123. 

Prattsville,  a  post-office  of  Vinton  co.,  0. 

Pratt'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Alabama  River,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
goods  and  of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  724, 

Prattville,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Plumas 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  the  Big  Meadows,  a  valley  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, 65  miles  N.E.  of  Chico.  It  is  about  5000  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  and  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery  and 
numerous  geysers.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  church. 

Prattville,  a  post-hamlat  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hudson. 

Prattville,  a  village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  86  miles  from 
York.     It  has  a  church. 

Prausnitz,prSwss'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2103. 


PRA 


2218 


PEE 


Prawle,  a  fishing-village  of  Devon  co.,  England,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Kingsbridge.  Prawle  Point,  a  craggy 
headland  flanking  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Salcombe 
Haven,  is  a  reporting-station  for  east-bound  steamers. 

Praya,  Porto,  Cape  Verd.    See  Porto  Praya. 

Prays  sac,  pris^s8,k',  atown  of  France,  in  Lot,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  2074. 

Prayssas,  pris^sS.',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Ga- 
Tonne,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1609. 

Prazzo,  prit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  24  miles  W.  of 
Coni,  on  the  Magra. 

Preach'ersville,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky. 

Preanger,  pri^ing'h^r,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java,  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  island.  Coffee,  tea,  and  cinchona  are 
^leading  products.     Pop.  1,247,717. 

Prease,  prees,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Preble,  preb'^l,  a  southwestern  county  of  Ohio,  borders 
on  Indiana.  Area,  about  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Elk,  Seven  Mile,  and  Twin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  buckeye,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  calcareous 
and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  good 
Silurian  limestone.  The  blue  and  Niagara  limestones  both 
crop  out  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati, 
Jackson  &  Mackinaw  Railroad.  Capital,  Eaton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,809;  in  1880,  24,533;  in  1890,  23,421. 

Preble,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  996. 

Preble,  post-township,  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  888. 

Preble,  or  Preble  Corners,  a  post- village  in  Preble 
township,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  beautiful  valley  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Homer,  and  26  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  195 ;  of  township,  1089.     Here  is  Preble  Post-Office. 

Preble,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1108. 

Prficheur,  pr4-shuR',  a  town  of  Martinique,  on  its  W. 
coast,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Pierre.     Pop.  3735. 

Pr6cigne,  pri^seefi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  La  FlSche.     Pop.  1380. 

Pre-emp'tion,  a  post-village  in  Pre-emption  town- 
ship, Mercer  co..  111.,  on  the  Rock  Island  <k  Mercer  County 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  150 ;  of  the  township,  1161. 

Preez,  pri'fits,  or  Poretz,  po'rits,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Holstein,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiel.  Pop.  4808.  It  has  a 
seminary  for  ladies,  a  female  orphan  asylum,  and  a  library. 

Pregel,  pri'gh^l,  a  river  of  East  Prussia,  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Angerap  and  Inster,  flows  W.,  and  enters 
the  Frische-HaflF  at  its  N.E.  extremity.     Length,  120  miles. 

Preignac,  prin^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1502. 

Prekop,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Orkub. 

Prelautsch,  pri'lSwtch,  or  Prelancy,  pri-16wt'see, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chrudim,  on  the 
Elbe.     Pop.  2718. 

Prelok,  the  Slavonian  name  of  Perlak. 

Premeira,  pri-mi'e-ri,  a  group  of  rocks  on  the  Mala- 
bar coast.    Lat.  13°  11'  N.;  Ion.  74*'  38'  E. 

Premeira  Islands,  the  southernmost  of  the  long 
chain  of  islands  extending  along  Angosta,  East  Africa,  and 
Mozambique  Channel,  about  lat.  17°  S.,  Ion.  39°  50'  E. 

Pr6mery,  pri^m§h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  NiSvre, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1242. 

Premislia,  a  town  of  Galicia.    See  Przemysl. 

Premiti,  pr5m'e-tee\  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Bpirus,  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avlona,  on  the  Voyussa. 

Prendibles,  pren'd§-b'lz,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Brookville,  Pa. 

Pren'tice,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Prentice,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oil  City. 

Pren'tis'  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mackinac  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Huron,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mackinac  village.  It 
has  a  large  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Pren'tiss,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Tombigbee  and  Big  Hatchie  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  beech,  magnolia,  tulip-tree, 
black  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  com,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  Booneville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9348 ;  in 
1880,  12,168;  in  1890,  13,679. 


Prentiss,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  about  Vi 
miles  S.  of  Hartford.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  general  stores. 

Prentiss,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  70  miles 
N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  401. 

Prentiss  Tale,  a  post-oflBoe  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Clean,  N.Y. 

Preny,  pri'nee,  or  Prenn,  prinn,  a  town  of  Poland, 
government  of  Suvalki,  on  the  Memel,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Mariampol.    Pop.  3090. 

Prenzlow,  prfints'lov,  or  Prenzian,  yirSnts'lSw,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  71  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Potsdam,  on  the  Ucker.  Pop.  15,606.  It  has  schools, 
hospitals,  a  valuable  public  library,  manufactures  of  linens, 
woollens,  and  tobacco,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  a  trade  in 
corn  and  cattle. 

Prep'aris'  Isles,  a  group  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  about 
midway  between  the  Andaman  Islands  and  Cape  Negrais. 
Lat.  14°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  25'  E. 

Prepol,  a  town  of  Bosnia.     See  Priepol. 

Prerau,  pri'rfiw,  or  Przerow,  pzhi'rov,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  7000. 

Presba,  prfis'bi,  a  small  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ochrida,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Lake  of  Presba,  which  is  7  miles  in  length. 

Pres'burg,  or  Press'bnrg  (Ger.  pron.  prfis'boSRo; 
Hun.  Pozaony,  po^shon' ;  anc.  Poao'nium),  a  town  and  the 
former  capital  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Danube,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna,  at  a  rail- 
way junction.  Pop.  46,540.  The  principal  structures  are 
a  ruined  castle,  on  a  height  above  the  town,  burnt  by  the 
French  in  1811,  the  hall  of  the  diet,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  in 
which  the  kings  of  Hungary  were  crowned,  the  county  hall, 
a  German  theatre,  barracks,  museum,  and  archbishop's 
palace.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  academy,  a  Calvinist 
college,  a  Roman  Catholic  high  college  and  seminary,  a  col- 
lege for  poor  students,  several  hospitals,  and  many  Jew- 
ish charitable  institutions.  The  principal  manufactures  are 
silk  and  woollen  goods,  nitre,  rosoglio,  tobacco,  and  leather. 

Pres^byte'rian  Ford,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Pres'cot,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Liverpool.  Pop.  5990,  employed  in  watch- 
making, cotton-  and  flax-mills,  potteries,  and  collieries. 

Pres'cott,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Yavapai  co., 
Arizona,  is  picturesquely  situated  in  a  basin  or  valley 
among  the  Pine  Mountains,  about  190  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tuc- 
son. These  mountains  are  about  6500  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  Prescott  is  one  of  the  most  important  places  in  Ari- 
zona. It  has  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  churches, 
1  public  school,  and  2  saw-mills.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place.  It  has  numerous  stores,  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  and  a  fine  plaza.  It  does  a  large  business  in  lum- 
ber, wool,  and  bullion.     Pop.  in  1880,  1836;  in  1890,  1759. 

Prescott,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nevada  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Cairo  <fc  Pulton  Railroad,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Arka- 
delphia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
in  1890, 1287. 

Prescott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  4}  miles 
S.E.  of  Shelbyville. 

Prescott,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  township,  Adams 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Coming.     Pop.  of  township,  891. 

Prescott,  a  post- village  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  16  miles  N. 
of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Prescott,  a  post-township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.. 
about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  493. 

Prescott,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.    P.  543. 

Prescott,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Lebanon  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  24 
miles  W.  of  Reading.     Pop.  about  200. 

Prescott,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  is  on  the 
left  or  N.E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  just  below  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  3  miles  below  Hastings,  Minn.,  and 
about  16  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office  and  several  churches  and  mills.     Pop.  911. 

Pres'cott,  a  county  of  Ontario,  comprises  an  area  of 
about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Ottawa  River 
on  the  N.     Capital,  L'Orignal.     Pop.  17,647. 

Prescott,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  co.  of 
Grenville,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  A  Ottawa  Railway,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  114  miles  W.  of  Montreal,  and  54  miles  S. 
of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  branch  bank,  4  churches,  about  50 
stores,  2  iron-foundries,  3   breweries,  a  distillery,  and  a 


PRE 


2219 


PRE 


newspaper  oflBce.  Fort  Wellington  is  near  Prescott,  and 
OgdensDurg,  N.Y.,  lies  immediately  opposite.     Pop.  2919. 

Preseglie,  pri-sil'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  1236. 

Preserva'tion  Har'bor»  a  fine  bay  of  New  Zealand, 
near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  South  Island.  Lat.  48o  S. ;  Ion. 
1«6°  30'  E. 

President,  prez'I-d^nt,  a  post-village  in  President 
township,  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  staves.     Pop.  of  the  township,  618. 

Presidio,  pr4-see'de-o,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Texas,  bordering  on  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  3470  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Rio  Pecos,  and  on 
the  8.  and  S.W.  by  the  Rio  Orande.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous.  The  soil  is  mostly  sterile.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Marfa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1636;  in  1880,  2873;  in  1890,  1698. 

Presidio,  a  post-village  of  Presidio  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Rio  Orande.     It  has  a  custom-house  and  3  stores. 

Presidio  del  Norte,  Mexico.    See  Ojinaga. 

Presidio  de  Sfto  Jofto  Baptista,  pri-see'de-o 
d&  sSws"  Eh5wN»  b&p-tis't4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  110  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.  Pop.  of 
the  district,  4000. 

Presles,  prail,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  36 
miles  E.  of  Mons.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  locality  where 
Julius  Csesar  (b,c.  67)  defeated  the  Nervii.     Pop.  790. 

Presque  Isle,  prSsk^eel'  (i.e.,  "peninsula"),  a  county 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  715 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Lake  Huron. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  Grand  Lake,  and  parts  of 
Cheboygan  Lake  and  Long  Lake  are  in  this  county.  Cap- 
ital, Rogers  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  3113 ;  in  1890,  4(587. 

Presqne  Isle,  a  post- village  in  Presque  Isle  township, 
Aroostook  co..  Me.,  near  the  Aroostook  River,  42  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Houlton.  It  contains  3  churches,  the  Presque  Isle 
Academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  starch-factory,  and  several 
saw-mills. 

Presque  Isle,  a  hamlet  of  Presque  Isle  co.,  Mich., 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Rogers  City.  It  has  a  ^ood  harbor  on  Lake 
Huron,  and  a  range-light. 

Presque  Isle,  Pennsylvania.    See  Erie. 

Presque  Isle  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ontonagon 
eo.,  Mich.,  runs  N.N.W.  and  enters  Lake  Superior. 

Presqu'ile,  Ontario.    See  Sarawak. 

Pressath,  pr£s's&t,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1867. 

Pressburg,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Presburg. 

Presteign,  prSsHin',  a  town  of  England  and  Wales, 
COS.  of  Hereford  and  Radnor,  on  the  Lugg,  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Leominster.  Pop.  1910.  It  has  an  endowed  school,  a 
sounty  sessi*ns-house,  a  jail,  and  a  house  of  correction.  It 
unites  with  Radnor  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament. 

Pres'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Liverpool,  on  the  RiJsble,  near  the  head  of 
its  estuary,  and  on  several  railways.  The  principal  streets, 
though  irregularly  formed,  are  spacious,  and  provided  with 
side-parapets.  The  houses  are  substantially  built,  and  the 
town  is  well  lighted.  The  environs  exhibit  much  pleasing 
scenery,  are  adorned  with  villas,  and  furnish  several  fine 
public  walks.  The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include  Christ 
church,  admired  for  the  purity  of  its  Norman  style ;  and 
the  parish  church  is  rebuilt  in  the  decorated  style  of  the 
fourteenth  century.  The  other  more  important  buildings 
are  the  town  hall,  a  handsome  edifice,  the  court-house, 
the  house  of  correction,  the  custom-house,  corn  exchange, 
extensive  barracks,  workhouse,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
two  bridges,  one  of  them  a  handsome  structure,  and  a  mag- 
nificent railway  viaduct. 

The  scholastic  and  literary  establishments  include  a  free 
grammar-school,  occupying  a  spacious  stone  structure ;  the 
blue-coat,  commercial,  or  middle,  and  various  national 
schools;  the  Literary  Institution,  occupying  an  elegant 
building,  with  a  library  and  museum ;  the  Mechanics'  In- 
stitute, one  of  the  greatest  ornaments  of  the  place ;  and 
various  public  libraries. 

The  original  staple  manufacture  of  the  town  was  linen, 
which  is  still  woven  to  some  extent,  but  has  been  completely 
eclipsed  by  that  of  cotton,  first  introduced  in  1777.  There 
are  machine-shops  on  an  extensive  scale,  iron-  and  brass- 
foundries,  breweries  and  malting-establishments,  roperies, 
tanneries,  <kc.  The  trade  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the  river, 
which  has  been  rendered  navigable  for  vessels  of  300  tons 
to  Preston  Quays,  where  extensive  warehouses  have  been 
erented ;  and  also  by  extensive  railway  communication,  by 


which  the  town  has  been  brought  into  immediate  conneo 
tion  with  the  most  important  inland  localities. 

Preston  is  said  to  have  risen  on  the  decay  of  Ribchester 
the  Roman  Rigodunum,  11  miles  farther  up  the  river.  It» 
name,  originally  Priests'  Town,  it  owed  to  the  number  of 
religious  houses  which  it  contained.    Pop.  in  1891 ,  107,673. 

Pres'ton,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia,  borders 
on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  709  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Cheat  River,  which  here  runs  S.E.  and  S.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  mountain-ridges,  fertile  valleys, 
and  extensive  forests  of  oak,  poplar,  Jbc.  Indian  com,  hay, 
oats,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
and  limestone  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Tunnel- 
ton,  Kingwood  &  Fairchance  Railroad.  Capital,  Kingwood. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,555;  in  1880,  19,091  ;  in  1890,  20,355. 

Preston,  apost-office  and  mining-camp  of  Summit  co., 
Col.,  84  miles  W.  of  Morrison,  and  about  9000  feet  above 
the  sea-level.    Here  are  rich  placer-mines  of  gold. 

Preston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Preston  township.  New  Lon- 
don CO.,  Conn.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Quinnebaug  River,  and  contains  Poquetanuck.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  2566. 

Preston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  Q&.,  on 
the  Kinchafoona  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  186. 

Preston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Belleville. 

Preston,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  111.    Pop.  1083. 

Preston,  a  township  of  Union  co..  111.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.   Pop.  629.   It  contains  Union  Point,  or  Preston. 

Preston,  a  post- village  in  Van  Buren  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.  of  Sabula.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2 
or  3  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Preston,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  about  42 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Preston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
in  Preston  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Hokah  River, 
and  on  a  railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Caledonia,  and  about  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It  is  3  miles  S.  of  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
brewery,  and  2  wagon-factories. 

Preston,  a  post-village  in  Preston  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Spring  River,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Oronogo.  It  bos  an  academy  and  3  churches.  Lead, 
coal,  and  zinc  abound  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1174. 

Preston,  a  township  of  Platte  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1692. 

Preston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Preston  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Norwich,  and  32  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Binghamton.    It  has  2  churches.    P.  102 ;  of  township,  825. 

Preston,  Hamilton  co.,  0.    See  Nkw  Haven. 

Preston,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  about  36 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  contains  numerous  small 
lakes,  and  has  manufactures  of  leather.     Pop.  1400. 

Preston,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  847. 

Preston,  township,  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1464. 

Preston,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Waterloo,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Speed  and  Grand  Rivers,  and  on  the  Wel- 
lington, Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  35  miles  from  Hamilton. 
It  contains  3  churches,  3  breweries,  2  distilleries,  saw-  and 
flour-mills,  and  manufactories  of  agricultural  implements, 
iron  castings,  machinery,  wagons,  wooden-ware,  woollens, 
earthenware,  leather,  Ac.  It  has  excellent  water-power  and 
several  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1408. 

Preston  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Preston  Cape,  a  headland  of  Northwest  Australia. 

Preston  Hollow,  or  Monclova,  a  post-village  of 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rensselaerville  township,  on  Catskiil 
Creek,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  284. 

Preston  Lake,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  134. 

PresUonpans',  a  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Haddington, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  8i  miles  E.  of  Edinburgh.     P.  1790. 

Pres'ton  Riv'er,  of  West  Australia,  after  a  N.W. 
course  enters  Leschenault  Bay,  84  miles  S.  of  Perth. 

Prestonsbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Floyd  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  100  miles 
(direct)  E.S.E.  of  Lexington,  and  about  60  miles  S.  of  Iron- 
ton.  0.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  265. 

Preston's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Sodus  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  Creek, 
1  i  miles  from  Sodns  Point.    It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills. 


PRE 


2220 


PRI 


Preston  Tan'nery,  a  hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va,, 
7  miles  N.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pres'tonville,  a  village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Eagle  Station.     Pop.  239. 

Prestonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  3.3 
miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory  and  2  stores. 

Prest'wich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Manchester,  with  cotton-mills.     P.  6820. 

IPrest'wick,  or  Priest'wick,  a  burgh  of  barony  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  near  Monkton.     Pop.  1200. 

Presump'scot  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  in  Falmouth  township,  on  the  Presumpscot  River,  ij 
miles  from  Falmouth  Station.     It  has  a  shoe-factory. 

Preto,  prA'to,  a  river  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  flows 
E.,  and  joins  the  Parahiba  do  Sul.     Length,  150  miles. 

Preto,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  Goyaz,  flows  W.N.W., 
and  joins  the  MaranhSo.     Length,  150  miles. 

Preto'ria,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  capital  of  the  South 
African  Republic,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Potchefstrom,  and  240 
miles  W.  of  Delagoa  Bay.     Pop.  about  12,000. 

Pretsch,  prStch,  or  Pretzsch,  prjtsh,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe. 
Pop. 2093. 

Prettin,  prSt-toen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  45 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3480. 

Prettyraan,  prit'te-man,  or  Hainesville,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Pekin. 

Pretty  (prit'te)  Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  20  miles  S.  of  Ellsworth. 

Pretty  Prairie,  prit'te  pra'ree,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Reno 
CO.,  Kansas,  20  miles  8.  of  Hutchinson. 

Preuilly,  pruh^ee-yee'  or  pruh^eePyee',  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-et-Loire,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Loches.     Pop.  1788. 

Preussen,  a  kingdom  of  Europe.     See  Prussia. 

Preussisch-Holland,  Prussia.    See  Holland. 

Pre^vatt',  a  post-office  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla. 

Prevesa,  pri'vi-si,  or  Previsa,  pri-vee's&,  a  fortified 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Epirus,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Arta.  Lat. 
38°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  44'  E.     Pop.  7000. 

Prez-  en-Pail,  priz-ftw-p&I,  a  market-town  of  France, 
department  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1209. 

Prezerow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Prerau. 

Pri'am,  a  post-office  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.,  about  46 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Priaman,  pre-&-md,n',  a  maritime  town  of  Sumatra,  on 
Its  W.  coast,  20  miles  N.  of  Padang. 

Pribylov,  Pribylow,  pre-be-lov',  or  Pribyloflf' 
Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Alaska,  in  Behring  Sea, 
lat.  67°  N.,  Ion.  170°  W.,  and  consisting  of  the  islands  of 
St.  Paul,  St.  George,  Walrus,  and  Beaver  Island,  with 
several  islets.  They  abound  with  sea-bear,  otter,  blue-fox, 
and  fur  seal.   The  natives  are  of  Aleutian  race.    Pop.  337. 

Price,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Price,  a  post-office  of  Meroer  co.,  0. 

Price,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  259. 

Price's,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Price's  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Mo.,  about  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Price's  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va., 
on  or  near  New  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Vicar's  Switch  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Price's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Price's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Queen  Anne  <fc  Kent  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Centre- 
ville. 

Price's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C., 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Reidsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Price'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salem  township.  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  117. 

Pricetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  flour-mill. 

Price'ville,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Saugeen  River,  4  miles  from  Flesherton.     Pop.  300. 

Prich'ard,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 
-  Pridemore,  prid'mor,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Pride's  Crossing,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Eastern  Railroad  (Gloucester  Branch),  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Salem.     It  is  on  the  sea-coast,  and  has  many  fine  residences. 

Pride's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.  of  Tuscumbia. 

Priebus,  pree'boos,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  67  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  1235. 


Priego,  pre-i'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  3(J 
miles  S.E.  of  Cordova,  in  the  Sierra  de  Priego.  Pop.  8502. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  wine,  and  oil. 

Priego,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1796. 

Priepol,  pre-i'pol,  or  Prepol,  pri'pol,  a  town  of 
Bosnia,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  2000. 

Prilooki,  Prilouki,  or  Prilnki,  pre-loo'kee,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  123  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava,    j 
Pop.  12,878. 

Primero,  pre-mi'ro,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
rises  N.W.  of  Cordova,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  130 
miles,  is  lost  in  a  marshy  lake. 

Prim'ghar,  a  post- village,  capital  of  O'Brien  co.,  lowa^ 
25  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Cherokee.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.  It  is  in  an  agricultural  and  grazing  dis< 
trict.     Pop.  619. 

Primislau,  prim'is-15w,  or  Przibislaw,  pzhe-be- 
sliv',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau. 

Primkenau,  prim'k§h-n5w\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  government  and  N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1850. 

Primorsk,  pre-moRsk',  or  Primorskaya,  pre-mor- 
skl'i,  called  also  the  Littoral,  or  Maritime  Prov- 
ince (equivalents  of  its  Russian  name),  a  large  province 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  originally  forming  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Siberia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Okhotsk  Sea,  E.  by  the  Sea 
of  Japan,  and  W.  by  the  Amoor  province  and  Chinese 
Manchooria.  On  the  S.  it  borders  to  a  small  extent  upon 
Corea.  To  this  province  has  been  annexed  the  whole 
Pacific  coast  region  of  Siberia,  extending  N.  to  the  Arctic, 
and  including  Kamchatka.  Total  area,  731,910  square 
miles.     Capital,  Nikolaifsk.     Pop.  50,512. 

Prim'rose,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  2  miles 
from  Warren  Station,  and  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Keokuk.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Primrose,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mill  Creek  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of  Fayette.     It  has  2  churches. 

Primrose,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  19i  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Primrose,  a  station  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield 
Railroad,  14J  miles  N.W.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Primrose,  a  post-township  of  Dane  oo..  Wis.,  about  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  919. 

Primrose,  a  post- village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  13) 
miles  N.  of  Orangeville.     Pop.  360. 

Prince,  a  county  occupying  the  N.W.  part  of  Prince 
Edward  Island.  Area,  737  square  miles.  Capital,  Sura- 
merside.     Pop.  28,302. 

Prince  Albert,  or  Reach,  a  post-village  in  Ontario 
CO.,  Ontario,  on.  the  Whitby  <t  Port  Perry  Railway,  16J 
miles  from  Whitby.  It  has  several  stores,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Prince  Charles'  Island,  off'  the  W.  coast  of  Spitz 
bergen,  is  in  lat.  78°  30'  N.,  Ion.  11°  E. 

Prince  Ed'ward,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  348  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  said  to  be  impoverished.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  &  Western 
Railroad,  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  the 
Farmville  &  Powhatan  Railroad,  the  last  two  of  which 
connect  with  Farmville,  the  capital,  which  is  near  the  J 
N.E.  boundary.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,668;  in  1890,  14,694.         ■ 

Prince  Edward,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  N.  shore      " 
of  Lake  Ontario.     Area,  374  square  miles.     It  is  mostly 
composed  of  a  peninsula  nearly  surrounded  by  Lake  Onta- 
rio and  several  small  bays.     Capital,  Picton.     Pop.  20,336. 

Prince  Edward  Island  (formerly  called  Saint 
John's  Island),  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  between  46°  and  47°  7'  N. 
lat.  and  62°  and  64°  27'  W.  Ion.  It  is  washed  by  the 
gulf  on  the  N.,  and  separated  by  Northumberland  Strait 
from  New  Brunswick  on  the  E.  and  Nova  Scotia  on  the  S. 
Greatest  length,  130  miles ;  breadth,  34  miles.  In  its  nar- 
rowest part,  near  the  centre,  it  is  only  4  miles  wide.  Area, 
2134  square  miles.  The  coast-line  presents  a  succession 
of  large  bays  and  projecting  headlands,  the  largest  of  the 
former  being  Richmond  on  the  N.W.,  Egmont  on  the  S.W., 
Hillsborough  on  the  S.,  and  Cardigan  on  the  E.  These 
bays,  penetrating  the  land  from  opposite  directions,  form 
isthmuses  which  make  a  division  of  the  island  into  3  dis- 
tinct peninsulas.  This  natural  division  has  been  adopted 
as  the  basis  of  a  nearly  corresponding  civil  division  into 


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3  counties,  rli.,  Queens  (capital,  Charlottetown),  Kings  (cap- 
ital, Georgetown),  and  Prince  (capital,  Sammerside).  These 
counties  are  divided  into  67  townships  and  3  royalties. 
The  inhabitants  consist  of  descendants  of  Scottish,  Irish, 
Acadian,  French,  English,  and  other  settlers.  The  free- 
school  system  was  introduced  in  1853.  There  are  about  375 
district  schools,  15  grammar-schools,  various  private  schools, 
a  normal  and  a  model  school,  and  2  colleges, — Prince  of 
Wales  (Protestant)  and  St.  Dunstan's  (Roman  Catholic). 
The  Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  exercises  episcopal  authority 
over  the  island.  The  Roman  Catholics  have  one  diocese, 
Charlottetown. 

Prince  Edward  Island  has  telegraphic  communication 
with  the  continent  of  America  and  Europe  by  means  of  a 
submarine  cable,  11  miles  in  length,  connecting  the  island 
with  New  Brunswick ;  and  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Rail- 
way, owned  by  the  Dominion  government,  extends  from 
Casoumpiiquo  to  Georgetown  (147  milea),  with  branches 
from  Cascumpeque  to  Tignish  (13  miles)  and  from  Mount 
Stewart  to  Souris,  40  miles.  The  gauge  is  3  feet  6  inches. 
Navigation  to  and  from  the  island  generally  closes  about 
the  middle  of  December,  and  is  resumed  about  the  end  of 
April  or  beginning  of  May.  During  this  time  mails  and 
passengers  are  conveyed  across  the  Strait  in  ice-boats, 
which  ply  between  Cape  Traverse  in  Prince  Edward  Island 
and  Cape  Tormentine  in  New  Brunswick. 

This  island  was  among  the  early  discoveries  of  Cabot, 
but,  no  claim  being  made  to  it  by  the  English,  the  French 
afterwards  assumed  possession,  and,  after  the  peace  of 
Utrecht  in  1715,  its  fertility  and  natural  advantages  allured 
thither  great  numbers  of  Acadians  from  Cape  Breton.  It 
was  taken  by  the  British  in  1755,  restored  by  the  treaty  of 
Aix-Ia-Chiipelle,  retaken,  and  finally  ceded  to  Great  Britain 
in  1758.  It  was  then  placed  under  the  government  of  Nova 
Scotia,  but  in  1768  it  was  erected  into  a  separate  govern- 
ment. In  1799  the  name  of  the  island  was  changed  from 
St.  John  to  Prince  Edward ;  and  in  1873  it  was  admitted 
into  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

The  surface  of  Prince  Edward  Island  andulates  gently, 
nowhere  becoming  mountainous  or  monotonously  flat.  At 
one  time  it  was  covered  with  a  dense  forest  of  beech,  birch, 
maple,  poplar,  spruce,  fir,  hemlock,  larch,  and  cedar;  and 
a  considerable  part  of  the  original  fore^^t  still  remains.  The 
soil  consists  generally  of  a  light  loam,  and  the  prevailing 
rook  is  a  reddish  sandstone,  but  a  large  part  of  the  surface 
is  alluvial  and  entirely  free  from  stone.  No  minerals  of 
commercial  value  have  yet  been  discovered.  The  climate 
is  much  milder  than  that  of  the  adjoining  continent,  and 
the  air  generally  free  from  fogs.  The  winter  is  long  and 
oold,  but  the  summer  is  eminently  fitted  to  promote  the 
growth  and  maturity  of  all  the  ordinary  cereals.  The  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  pease,  beans,  potatoes, 
and  turnips.  The  fisheries  are  very  valuable,  especially  on 
the  N.  coast,  which  is  much  frequented  by  mackerel  and 
cod.  The  manufactures  are  chiefly  for  domestic  use.  Ship- 
building is  prosecuted  with  enterprise. 

The  public  affairs  of  Prince  Edward  Island  are  adminis- 
tered by  a  lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  9 
members,  a  legislative  council  of  13  members,  and  a  legis- 
;  lative  assembly  of  30  representatives.  Justice  is  adminis- 
'  tered  according  to  the  laws  of  England. 

The  total  population  of  the  island  in  1871  was  04,021 ; 
in  1881,  108,891;  in  1891,109,078. 

Prince  Edward  Island,  an  island  of  Ontario,  in 
Lake  Ontario,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Bay  of 
Quinte.     Length,  36  miles. 

Prince  Fred'ericli  Har'bor^  an  inlet  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  15°  S. ;  Ion.  125°  E. 

Prince  Fredericlt  Sound,  in  Alaska.  Lat.  57°  6' 
N. ;  Ion.  133°  48'  W. 

Prince  Fred'ericktown,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Calvert  co.,  Md.,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
55  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  64. 

Prince  George,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
lias  an  area  of  about  268  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  James  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Appomat- 
tox River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Blackwater,  which  runs 
S.E.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  two  branches  of  the  Norfolk  A  Western  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Prince  George  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  7820 ;  in 
1880  (area  reduced),  8861 ;  in  1890,  7872. 

Prince  George  Conrt- House,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  6  or  7  miles  B.  of  Petersburg. 
It  has  several  churches. 


Prince  George's,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mary- 
land, has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Patuxent  River,  which  runs  sontheastward 
and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Potomac 
River  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  This  coanty  is  also 
drained  by  many  small  streams.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  in  some  quantity  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad,  and  the  Wash- 
ington &  Potomac  Railroad.  Capital,  Upper  Marlborough. 
Pop.  in  1870,  21,138;  in  1880,  26,451 ;  in  1890,  26,080. 

Prince  Henry  Island.  See  Pri.vce  William  Henuy. 

Prince  Le'opold  Island,  in  British  North  America, 
is  at  the  W.  end  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat.  74°  6'  N. ;  Ion. 
90°  W. 

Prince  Maurice  River,  N.J.    See  Maurice  Riter. 

Princenliage,  prin'sQn-h&'Gh^h,  or  Haage,  h&'- 
Gh§h,  also  written  's  Princenhage,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5852. 

Prince  of  Wales,  w&lz,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge 
CO.,  Ky.,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Prince  of  Wales,  a  post- village  in  St.  John  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  13  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Prince  of  Wales  ArdiipeKago,  a  former  name  of 
the  Alexander  Islands  of  Alaska. 

Prince  of  Wales  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  Low  Archi- 
pelago, is  in  lat.  15°  16'  S.,  Ion.  147°  22'  W.,  and  called 
also  Dean,  or  Oanna  Island. 

Prince  of  Wales  Island,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  between  Java  and  Su- 
matra.    Lat.  6°  30'  S.;  Ion.  105°  12'  E. 

Prince  of  Wales  Islands,  a  group  in  Torres  Strait, 
off  Cape  York,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria.    Lat.  10°  20'  S.     See  also  Penang. 

Prince'port,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Shubenacadie  River,  16  miles 
from  Truro.     Pop.  150. 

Prince  Re'gent  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland, 
is  in  lat.  76°  N.,  Ion.  66°  W. 

Prince  Regent  In'let,  North  America,  is  in  the 
Arctic  regions,  between  lat.  72°  and  74°  N.  The  8.  part 
of  it  communicates  with  Boothia  Gulf,  and  the  N.  part 
with  Lancaster  Sound  and  Barrow  Strait. 

Prince  Regent  River,  in  Australia,  enters  the  In- 
dian Ocean  in  lat.  15°  17'  S.,  Ion.  124°  50'  E. 

Prince  Ru'pert  Bay,  British  West  Indies,  is  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Dominica,  is  bounded  north- 
ward by  Prince  Rupert's  Head,  and  has  the  town  of  Ports- 
mouth on  its  E.  coast. 

Prince's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  S.  shore  of  Staten  Island,  on  a  bay  of  the  ocean, 
and  on  the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  New 
York.     Here  is  a  light-house. 

Prince's  Island  (Port.  Ilha  do  Principe,  eel'yi  do 
preen'se-p&),  an  island  belonging  to  Portugal,  in  the  Bight 
of  Biafra,  Gulf  of  Guinea,  140  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fernando 
Po.  Lat.  1°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  26'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to 
S.,  10  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles.  Chief  fort  and  harbor,  San 
Antonio,  on  its  E.  coast. 

Prince's  Island,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
at  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Strait  of  Sunda. 

Princes'  Islands  (Gr.  Arj^oi'^eroi,  Demdnlsdi),  Sea  of 
Marmora,  13  miles  S.  of  Constantinople,  near  the  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  consisting  of  9  islands,  the  largest  being  Pniif- 
Kipos  and  Cralki.  Surface  mountainous,  with  fertile  val- 
leys. Numerous  visitors  resort  to  them,  attracted  by  the 
beauty  of  their  scenery  and  their  agreeable  climate. 

Prince's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  2J  miles  from  Jackson. 

Prin'cess  Anne,  ann,  the  southeastemmost  county  of 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  E.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  cypress.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  corn,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk,  Albemarle  <fc  Atlantic 
Railroad.  Capital,  Princess  Anne  Court-Honse.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8273;  in  1880,  9394;  in  1890,  9510. 

Princess  Anne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Md.,  near  the  Manokin  River,  and  on  the  Eastern  Shore 
Railroad,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield,  and  15  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  high  school  or  academy,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber.     Pop.  805. 

Princess  Anne  Conrt-Honse,  a  post-village,  capi 


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2222 


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tai  of  Princess  Anno  oo.,  Va.,  5  miles  from  the  ocean,  and 
ibout  16  miles  S.E.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Princess  Charlotte  (shar'lpt)  Bay,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  14°  29'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  E. 

Princess  Roy'al  Har'bor,  a  bay  of  King  George's 
Sound,  West  Australia.     On  it  is  the  town  of  Albany. 

Princess  Royal  Islands  are  situated  in  British 
Columbia,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.  of  Vancouver  Island 

Prince's  Town,  a  town  of  Guinea.     See  Quitta. 

Prince'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  about 
28  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Huntsville. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dallas  co..  Ark., 
about  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  In  the  vicinity  are 
5  churches. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  of  Glenn  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marysville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  132. 

Princeton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  in 
Princeton  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mendota,  and  105  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  lighted  with  gas.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school, 
3  newspaper  ofiBces,  14  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-implements.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3396.    The  township  is  drained  by  Bureau  Creek. 

Princeton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  348. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind., 
in  Patoka  township,  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  and  24  miles 
S.  of  Vincennes.  It  contains  9  or  10  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  national  bank,  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  3076. 

Princeton,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  851. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Princeton  township,  Scott 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  20  miles  above  Daven- 
port, and  1  mile  from  Cordova,  111.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill.  Pop.  444.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by 
the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  683  (exclusive  of  village). 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the  Leavenworth, 
Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Ottawa,  and 
36  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

Princeton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  44 
miles  B.  of  Paducah,  and  179  miles  W.S.W.  of  Louisville. 
It  contains  Princeton  College,  a  banker's  office,  a  newspaper 
office,  7  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  car- 
riage-factory, and  2  tobacco-stemmeries.    Pop.  (1890)  1857. 

Princeton  (formerly  Lewey's  Island),  a  post- 
village  in  Princeton  township,  Washington  co..  Me.,  at  the 
outlet  of  Big  Lake,  22  miles  W.N.W.of  Calais,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  St.  Croix  <fc  Penobscot  Railroad.  It 
contains  2  churches,  several  saw-mills,  6  shingle-machines, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  tannery.  A  steamer  plies  daily  be- 
tween this  place  and  Grand  Lake.    Pop.  of  township,  1072. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  in  Princeton  township,  near  Wachusett 
Mountain,  and  on  the  Boston,  Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad, 
16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels, 
and  several  boarding-houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1063. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mille  Lacs  co., 
Minn.,  in  Princeton  township,  on  Rum  River,  at  the  mouth 
•f  its  West  Branch,  about  32  miles  E.  of  St.  Cloud,  and  54 
miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mercer  oo.,  Mo., 
in  Morgan  township,  on  the  Weldon  River,  and  on  the  South- 
western Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  and  about  48  miles  N.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  2  churches, 
a  brewery,  the  Princeton  Normal  Institute,  and  a  cigar-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  1200. 

Princeton,  a  pleasant  borough  in  Princeton  township, 
Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is 
situated  on  an  elevated  ridge,  which  rises  by  a  long  and 
gradual  acclivity,  and  commands  an  extensive  prospect  to- 
wards the  S.  and  B.  It  ia  connected  by  a  branch  railroad 
with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  which  is  3  miles  S.W.  of 
the  town.  The  Delaware  &  Raritan  Canal  passes  about  1 
mile  S.W.  of  the  town.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  College  of 
New  Jersey,  which  ranks  among  the  first  literary  institu- 
tions of  the  country,  and  is  one  of  the  few  that  antedate 
the  Revolution.  It  was  founded  by  the  Presbyterians  at 
Elizabeth  town  in  1746,  held  its  first  commencement  under 
its  second  charter  at  Newark  in  1748,  and  was  removed  to 
Princeton  in   1756.      The  original   college  edifice,  called 


Nassau  Hall,  is  176  feet  long,  50  feet  wide,  and  4  storiea 
high,  and  at  the  time  of  its  erection  was  the  largest  build- 
ing in  the  colonies.  It  was  burned  down  March  6,  1802, 
and  again,  March  10,  1855,  yet  the  old  walls  still  remain, 
the  building  having  been  but  slightly  changed  in  its  recon- 
struction. There  are  now  28  large  public  edifices  connected 
with  the  institution.  Princeton  is  also  the  seat  of  the 
oldest  and  largest  theological  seminary  of  the  Presbyterian 
church,  founded  in  1813 ;  also  of  "  Evelyn  College"  for  young 
women,  with  course  of  studies  equivalent  to  that  pursued  in 
Princeton  college.  The  village  contains  7  churches,  and  2 
chapels  in  connection  with  the  institutions.  There  are  2 
public  schools,  an  excellent  preparatory  school,  2  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  and  several  hotels  in  the  town.  Two  weekly 
papers  -are  published  here,  and  also  the  "  Nassau  Literary 
Magazine"  and  the  "  Daily  Princetonian,"  conducted  by 
the  students  of  the  college;  but  the  "Princeton  Review" 
has  been  united  with  the  "  Presbyterian  Quarterly,"  and  is 
now  published  in  New  York.  An  important  battle  was 
fought  here  Jan.  3, 1777,  between  General  Washington  and 
Colonel  Mawhood,  in  which  the  Americans  were  victorious. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4231 ;  of  the  borough,  3422. 
Princeton,  a  post-village  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Raleigh  with  Goldsborough,  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church. 

Princeton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
E.S.E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mercer  co.,  W. 
Va.,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  300. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Princeton  township,  Green 
Lake  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fox  River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Portage  City,  and  36  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  is 
connected  with  the  latter  by  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tan- 
nery, a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  6  churches,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  about  1100  ;  of  the  township,  2091. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  36  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.  It 
contains  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores 
and  mills.     Pop.  600. 

Princeton  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass. 

Princeton  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co., 

N.J.,  is  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Trenton  with  New 

Brunswick,  at  the  junction  of  the  Princeton  Branch,  10 

miles  from  Trenton,  and  3  miles  from  Princeton. 

Prince  Town,  a  village  of  England,  in  Devonshire, 
16  miles  by  horse-railway  N.N.E.  of  Plymouth.  Here  are 
the  Dartmoor  prisons.     Granite  is  extensively  quarried. 

Prince'town,  a  post-township  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y 
Pop.  892.     It  contains  Rynex's  Corners. 

Prince'town,  or  Malpeque,  m&rpak',  a  seaport 
town  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  Prince  co.,  on  the  £.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Richmond  Bay,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Char- 
lottetown.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  hotel,  a  saw- 
mill, and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Prince'ville,  a  post-village  in  Princeville  township, 
Peoria  co..  111.,  on  the  Peoria  A  Rock  Island  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Peoria,  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Galva.     It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  &o. 
Coal  is  mined  here.    Pop.  424 ;  of  the  township,  1336.    The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Buda  &  Rushville  Railroad. 
Princeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  2.'> 
miles  N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.     It  has  a  church. 
Princeville,  Quebec.    See  Stanfold. 
Prince  Wil'liam,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia,  has   an    area  of   about  360   square   miles.     It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Bull  Run  and  Occoquan  River, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Potomac  River.     The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.     In- 
dian com,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.     This 
county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Richmond  A 
Danville  Railroad,  and  by  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Rail- 
road, which  passes  near  its  S.E.  boundary.    Capital,  Brents- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  7504;  in  1880,  9180;  in  1890,  9805. 
Prince  William,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind. 
Prince  William,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  26i  miles  from  Frederic- 
ton.     Pop.  200. 

Prince  William  Hen'ry  (or  Lostange')  Island, 
Low  Archipelago,  is  in  lat.  18°  43'  S.,  Ion.  141°  42'  W. 

Prince  William  Henry,  or  Matthias,  ma-thi'^, 
an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  New  Hanover, 
lat.  1°  28'  S.,  Ion.  149°  E.,  60  miles  in  circumference. 

Prince  William    Island,  an  island  of  the  Feeje« 
group,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska,  on  its  S.  coast,  be- 


PRI 


2223 


PRO 


frween  lat.  60°  and  61°  20'  N".  and  Ion.  146°  and  148°  W. 
It  contains  Montague  Island. 

Principato  Citra,  prin-che-pl'to  chee'tri,  a  former 
province  of  Italy.     It  is  now  called  Salerno. 

Principato  Ultra,  prin-che-pi'to  ool'trl,  a  former 
province  of  Italy,  contiguous  to  the  above,  is  now  Avellino. 

Principe  Imperial,  preen'se-pi  eem-pi-re-il',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Piauhy,  106  miles  N.E.  of  Oeiras. 

Principio,  prin-sip'e-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  about  42  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore, 

Principio  Furnace,  a  post- village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
&  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  Principio  Station,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Prineville,  prin'vil,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Crook  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Crooked  River,  114  miles  (di- 
rect) S.  by  E.  of  The  Dalles.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  great 
stock-raising  country,  and  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  2 
flour-mills,  several  saw-mills,  general  stores,  and  business 
houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  460. 

Prindle,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Pringle,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ga. 

Prinkipo8,prin'ke-pos,  PapaAdassijp&'pii-dis'- 
see,  or  Papa  ^uonisia,  pi'pfl.  do-nee'se-i,  a  town  of 
Turkey,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  group  of 
Prince's  Islands,  Sea  of  Marmora,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Con- 
stantinople.    Pop.  3000. 

Prin'tian,  or  Poolo  Printian,  an  island  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Malacca. 

Priocca,  pre-ok'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2244. 

Priola,  pre-o'ia,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.S.B.  of 
Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1596. 

Pri'or's  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Hastings  <fc  Dakota  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Hastings. 
It  has  a  church. 

Prior's  (or  Pryor's)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Polk 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.W,  of  Rome. 

Prip'ets,  or  Prip'et  (Polish,  Prypec,  prip'its),  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course 
of  350  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  on  the  W.,  43  miles  N.  of 
Kiev.     It  is  navigable  from  its  mouth  to  Pinsk. 

Prismoid,  priz'moid,  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Tex. 

Prison  Island,  in  the  mouth  of  Lake  St.  Francis  (an 
expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence),  midway  between  the  W. 
part  of  Grande  Isle  and  the  estuary  of  the  river  Delisle. 

Prisrend,  pris-rend',  or  Per'serinS  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Albania,  4  miles  from  the  Drin,  and  80 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Scutari.  Pop.  about  40,000.  It  is  the  see 
of  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops,  and  has  a  citadel,  the 
residence  of  a  Turkish  governor,  40  mosques,  large  manu- 
factures of  fire-arms,  and  an  active  trade. 

Pristina,  pris-tee'nl,  or  Piristina,  pe-ris-tee'ni,  a 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  42  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Uskup.  Pop.  about  15,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  earth 
ramparts,  towers,  and  palisades,  and  contains  mosques, 
large  bazaars,  and  baths. 

Pritch'ardville,  a  post-office  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C. 

Pritzerbe,  prit'sSR-b^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Havel.     Pop.  1561. 

Pritzwalk,  prits'Mlk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 65  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Domnitz.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  woollens,  and  tobacco.     Pop.  5760. 

Privas,  preViss',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  ArdSche,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Valence.  Pop.  5932. 
It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  blankets, 
brandy,  leather,  and  silk  goods. 

Pri  Vateer',  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1679. 

Privateer,  a  hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Sumter  Court-House. 

Privitz,  pree'vits,  or  Prividia,  preeVeeMee'5h%  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Neutra.  It  has 
a  Piarist  college  and  a  trade  in  corn.     Pop.  2719. 

Priziac,  pree^ze-ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
20  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  2416. 

Prizibislaw,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Priuislau. 

Prizzi,  prit'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Palermo.    Pop.  8836. 

Probolingo,  pro-bo-lin'go,  or  Poerbolingo,  poor- 
bo-lin'go,  a  town  and  district  of  Java,  on  the  N.  coast,  48 
miles  S.E.  of  Soerabaya. 

Pro'by  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  be- 
longing to  the  Friendly  Islands. 

Procida,  pro'che-d4  (anc.  Pro'chyta),  an  island  of 
Italy,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  N.E. 


of  Ischia.  Length,  3  miles.  It  has  on  its  S.E.  side  &  bay, 
on  which  is  the  chief  town,  of  the  same  name,  having  a 
royal  palace,  8  churches,  a  convent,  and  an  orphan  asylam. 
with  an  active  fishery  and  a  brisk  coasting-trade.  Pop.  of 
town,  4021 ;  of  island,  13,682. 

Proc'ter,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex. 

Proc'tor,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  South  Fork,  about  60 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  Ib 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  100. 

Proctor,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo. 

Proctor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Ohio,  30  miles  below  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Proctor's  Creek,  Virginia.    See  Halfwat  Statics. 

Proc'torsville,  a  post-village  in  Cavendish  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Rutland 
division  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  28i  miles  S.E. 
of  Rutland,  and  1  mile  from  Cavendish  Village.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  hotel,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
valuable  quarry  of  serpentine,  called  serpentine  marble. 

Proc'torville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairview  township, 
Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  60. 

Prodano,  pro-d4'no  (anc.  Prota,  or  Prote),  one  of  the 
smaller  Ionian  Islands,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Greece,  12  milee 
N.W.  of  Navarino.     Length,  2  miles. 

Proen^a  Nova,  pro-in's4  no'vi,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira-Baixa,  25  miles  W.  of  Castello  Branco.    Pop.  3646. 

Proen^a  Yelha,  pro-Sn'si  vfil'yi,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira-Baixa,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Castello  Branco.   Pop.  843. 

Pro'file  House,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Franconia  Notch,  29  miles  N.  of  Plymouth,  and  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Bethlehem  Station  of  the  Boston,  Concord  k, 
Montreal  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railway. 
Here  is  a  large  hotel,  called  Profile  House,  which  accom- 
modates about  450  guests,  and  is  1974  feet  above  sea-level. 

Progreso,  pro-gri'so,  a  town  and  port  of  Mexico,  state 
of  Yucatan,  26  miles  W.  of  Merida,  the  state  capital.  A 
railroad  from  Merida  has  been  completed  half-way.  It  is 
a  regular  port  of  call  for  British  and  American  steamers, 
and  ships  hides,  deerskins,  logwood,  and  hemp. 

Prog'ress,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  2i  miles 
N.E.  of  Harrisburg.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  broom-factory. 

Prohibition  (pro-hl-bish'un)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Worth  CO.,  Mo.,  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Maryville. 

Prolog,  prolog',  a  mountain-range  on  the  frontiers  of 
Dalmatia  and  Herzegovina,  belonging  to  the  Dinario  Alps. 
Loftiest  peaks — Orien,  6332  feet;  Dinara,  6040  feet;  and 
Pastovo,  6929  feet. 

Prome,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  Prome 
district,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  66  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Rangoon,  to  which  a  railway  extends.  It  is  the  seat  of 
a  large  trade  and  some  manufactures.     Pop.  24,689. 

Prome,  a  district  of  British  Burmah,  Pegu  divisioo 
Area,  2887  square  miles.     Pop.  274,872. 

Promise  (prSm'is)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo_ 
Iowa,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Seymour  Station.     It  has  a  churob 

Promontorium  Artabrum  or  Celticum.  S«e 
Capb  Finist^re. 

Promontorium  Corycum,  Crete.    See  Cape  Btrco. 

Promontorium  Crucis,  Spain.    See  Cape  Cheux. 

Promontorium  Dium,  Crete.    See  Cape  Sassoso. 

Promontorium  Hippi.    See  Cape  Hahrah. 

Promontorium  Junonis.    See,  Cape  Trafaxoar. 

Promontorium  Sacrum.    See  Cape  Corso. 

Prom'ontory,  a  post-office  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  Promontory  Mountain, 
29  miles  W.  of  Corinne.     Elevation,  4906  feet. 

Promp'ton,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lackawaxen  Creek,  4  miles  W.  of  Honesdale.  It  has  a 
ohurch  and  a  manufactory  of  bedsteads.     Pop.  394. 

Pronsk,  pronsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  31 
miles  S.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  1641.     It  has  8  churches. 

Pro^pell',  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala. 

Prophetstown,  prSf^ts-t^wn,  a  post- village  of  White- 
side CO.,  111.,  in  Prophetstown  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Rock  River,  and  on  the  Mendota  A  Clinton  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Sterling. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  ohurch,  and  » 
graded  school.     Pop.  803;  of  the  township,  1709. 

Propiha,  pro-pee'4,  or  Urubu  de  Baixa,  oo-roo- 
boo'  di  bi'shi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Sergipe,  on  the  SIo 
Francisco,  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  SSo  ChristovSo. 

Propontis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 

Proskoorov,  Proskourov,  or  Proskurov,  proe- 
koo-rov',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Bug,  53  mile» 
N.  of  Kamienieo.     Pop.  11,761. 


PRO 


2224 


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Prosna,  pros'nl,  or  Proszna)  prosh'ni,  a  river  of 
Europe,  after  a  N.  course  of  100  miles  between  Silesia  and 
Poland,  joins  the  Warta  38  miles  S.E.  of  Posen. 

Pros'pect,  a  post-hamlet  in  Prospect  township.  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  matches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  551. 

Prospect,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  HI.,  3  miles 
from  Rantoul. 

Prospect,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  843. 
Post-office,  Pontiac. 

Prospect,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Prospect,  a  post-township  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Bangor.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Penob- 
scot River.     Pop.  886. 

Prospect,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  35 
miles  N.E,  of  Baltimore. 

Prospect,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  West  Canada  Creek,  1  mile  from  Prospect 
Station  of  the  Utica  <k  Black  River  Railroad,  and  about  2i 
miles  from  Trenton  Falls.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  hotel, 
a  large  tannery,  Ac.  Pop.  312.  Here  are  the  noted  quar- 
ries of  Trenton  limestone. 

Prospect  (formerly  MidMleton),  a  post-village  in 
Prospect  township,  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  and 
on  the  Columbus  4  Toledo  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  10  miles  S.  of  Marion.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  830;  of  the  township,  1765. 

Prospect,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Frank- 
Kn  township,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Butler,  and  about  32  miles 
N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  or  4  churches.     Pop.  271. 

Prospect,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  in  Taylor 
township,  on  or  near  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Pop.  576. 

Prospect,  York  co.,  Pa.     See  East  Prospect. 

Prospect,  a  post-office  of  MoMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Prospect,  a  post- village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  of 
Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Prospect,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
20  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  700. 

Prospect,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  oo.,  Ontario,  7^ 
miles  N.E.  of  Franktown.     Pop.  100. 

Prospect  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  i  mile  from  Bucksport. 

Prospect  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co..  Mo. 

Prospect  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C., 
about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Prospect  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Ooldsborongh 
township,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  48  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

Prospect  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo..  Mo.,  3^ 
miles  from  Lawson  Station. 

Prospect  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Pembroke  township,  1^  miles  from  East  Pembroke. 

Prospect  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Pelbam. 

Prospect  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caswell  oo.,  N.C., 
about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Prospect  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Prospect  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis., 
about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  a  church. 

Prospect  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Mich. 

Prospect  Park,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township, 
Du  Page  CO.,  111.,  on  the  railroad  from  Chicago  to  Geneva, 
22  miles  W.  of  Chicago.    It  has  a  church  and  graded  school. 

Prospect  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  4^ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Hightstown. 

Prospect  Station,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Chautauqua  Lake  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.  of 
Mayville. 

Prospect  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with  Decatur,  12 
miles  S.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Prospect  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  W. 
Vaj,  12  miles  N.  of  Clarbsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pros'pectville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa., 
about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Norristown. 

Pros'per,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  at 
Black  Wolf. 

Prosper,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Prosper'ity,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  HI. 

Prosperity,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Prosperity,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  Deep 
River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Carthage. 

Prosperity,  a  post-hamlet  in  Morris  township,  Wash- 


ington 00.,  Pa.,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  100. 

Prosperity  (formerly  Frog  Level),  a  post-village  of 
Newberry  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Greenville  A  Columbia  Railroad, 
39i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  steam  saw-mill,  Ao.     Pop.  in  1890,  565. 

Prosperity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Quinnimont.     It  has  a  church. 

Pros'pertown,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     P.  about  100. 

Prossnitz,  pross'nits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  15,717.  It  has  several  distilleries, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  stuffs. 

Pros'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  13 
miles  W.  of  Lamed. 

Prota,  or  Prote,  the  ancient  name  of  Prodano. 

Protec'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  grist-mill,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pro  Tem,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

Proton,  Grey  co.,  Ontario.     See  Imistiogk. 

Protva,  or  Protwa,  prot'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  government  of  Smolensk,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Oka  9  miles  above  Serpookhov.     Length,  100  miles. 

Front's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Sandusky,  Mansfield  A  Newark  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of 
Sandusky. 

Prove'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  oo.,  Mich.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Traverse  City. 

Proven,  pro'v^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 33  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1670. 

F^o'ven,  a  small  village  and  port  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Greenland,  50  miles  S.  of  Upemavik. 

Provencal,  proV6N*^sir,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor.     Lat.  36®  10'  N.j  Ion.  33°  47'  E. 

Provence,  pro'vfiNSs',  an  old  province  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  France,  now  forming  the  departments  of  Bouches-dn- 
RhOne,  Var,  Basses- Alpes,  and  the  E.  part  of  Vauoluse. 
In  the  ninth  century  it  gave  its  name  to  a  kingdom,  aft«r- 
wards  called  Aries.  Its  capital  was  Aix.  See  BcRGTnn>r. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Provew^al,  pro*v&s»'slr. 

Provencio,  pro-v4n'the-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1755. 

Prov'idence,    the    northernmost    county   of    Rhode 
Island,  borders  on  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts.     Area, 
about  440  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  in  the  N.E.  pari 
by  the  Blackstone  River,  which  enters  the  Providence  River 
near  the  city  of  Providence,  and  also  drained  by  the  Paw- 
tuxet  River,  which  rises  in  this  county,  and  runs  south- 
eastward, entering  Narragansett  Bay  at  Pawtuxet.     The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered! 
with  forests.     The  soil   is  partly  fertile.     Hay,  potatoeuT 
milk,  and  Indian  com  are  the  staple  products.     Marble  of<] 
good  quality  is  found  here.     The  prosperity  of  this  conntyj 
is  chiefly  derived  from  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  woow 
len  goods,  machinery,  jewelry,  and  many  other  artidefif 
This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the  state.     It  is  inteN 
sected  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Provi- 
dence A  Boston  Railroad,  and  the  New  York  A  New  Eng-I 
land  Railroad,  which  centre   at  Providence,  the   capital.! 
Pop.  in  1870,  149,190;  in  1875,  184,924;  in  1880,  197,874f 
in  1890,  255,123. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  aboi 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla. 

Providence,  a  hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  6a.,  21  miletj 
N.E.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  a  church. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  oo.,  6a. 

Providence,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  about] 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Princeton,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Buda.  It  j 
has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 

Providence,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    See  New  PnoviDESCS 

Providence,  township,  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.   P.  1694 

Providence,  township,  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1186, 

Providence,  a  station  in  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  on  th« 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 

Providence,  a  post-village  of  AVebster  co.,  Ky.,  about' 
56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  | 
trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  in  1890,  522. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Grenada  co.,  Miss.,  4  milef 
E.S.E.  of  Grenada.  ' 

Providence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  on  thej 
N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  20  miles  below  Boon- 
ville.     It  is  the  landing-place  for  Columbia  (10  miles  dis- 
tant).    It  has  2  stores  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  200 


PRO 


2225 


PRO 


Providence,  a  post-township  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.T., 
about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  ohurohes,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  scythe-factory.     Pop.  1133. 

i^^     Providence,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

^K      Providence,township,  Mecklenburg  CO.,  N.C.   P.  1936. 

^F      Providence,  township,  Pasquotank  CO.,  N.C.  Pop.  520. 

^F     Providence,atown8hipof  Rowan  CO.,  N.C.    Pop.  1516. 

K7  Providence,  a  hamlet  in  Providence  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Maumee  River,  about  24  miles  S.  W.  of  To- 
ledo. It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  township,  863. 
Providence,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  P.  1906. 
Providence,  a  former  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co., 
Pa.,  in  Scranton  township,  on  the  Lackawanna  River,  and 
on  the  Delaware  <fc  Hudson  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of 
Scranton  proper,  to  which  city  it  was  annexed  in  1866,  and 
of  which  it  constitutes  the  1st  and  2d  wards.  Here  are  rich 
coal-mines.  It  contains  6  or  7  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  5 
coal-breakers,  2  public  halls,  a  savings-bank,  2  manufac- 
tories of  axes  and  tools,  &o.  The  post-office  for  this  section 
of  Scranton  retains  the  name  of  Providence. 

Providence,  a  city  (the  second  of  New  England  in 
population,  wealth,  and  importance),  port  of  entry,  and  one 
of  the  capitals  of  the  state  of   Rhode   Island,  and   the 

'  county  seat  of  Providence  co.,  is  situated  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  N.  of  Narragansett  Bay,  30  miles  by  rail  and 
boat  above  Newport,  64  miles  N.E.  of  New  London,  Conn., 
and  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston,  Mass.  Lat.  W  49'  22"  N. ; 
Ion,  71°  24'  48"  "W.  Providence  is  delightfully  situated 
around  a  little  lake  called  "  the  Cove,"  into  which  two 
small  rivers,  the  Woonasquatucket  and  Moshassuck,  empty 
from  the  N.W.  and  N.N.E.,  and  out  of  which,  on  the  S.E., 
flows  the  Providence  River  southward  into  Narragansett 
Bay,  while  the  Seekonk  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  city, 
entering  the  bay  at  the  mouth  of  the  Providence.  The  rivers 
Woonasquatucket,  Moshassuck,  and  Providence  divide  the 
city  into  3  parts, — the  East  Side,  the  West  Side,  and  Tenth 
Ward.  The  Cove  is  elliptical  in  shape,  nearly  a  mile  in 
circuit,  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall  surmounted  with  an  iron 
railing,  and  almost  surrounded  by  a  small  park,  hand- 
somely laid  out  and  shaded  with  noble  elms.  The  streets  are 
irregularly  laid  out.  The  site  is  uneven.  In  Tenth  Ward 
there  are  numerous  hills  and  valleys.  The  city  has  an 
abundant  supply  of  water,  a  complete  system  of  sewerage, 
several  public  parks,  efficient  police  and  fire  departments, 
and  is  well  lighted  throughout  by  gas  and  electricity.  It 
has  internal  communications  by  horse-oar  lines,  cable-cars, 
and  electric  railways.  The  railroads  which  centre  here  are 
the  Old  Colony,  the  New  York  A  New  England,  and  the 
New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford.  The  manufacturing 
industries  are  located  chiefly  along  the  banks  of  the  Woo- 
nasquatucket and  Moshassuck,  partly  within  Tenth  Ward. 
The  public  buildings  and  mercantile  houses  stand  mostly 
on  Westminster,  Weybosset,  and  contiguous  streets,  in  West 
Side;  and  along  both  sides  of  Providence  River,  but  largely 
upon  the  higher  ground  of  West  Side,  and  upon  the  hill- 
sides, to  their  summits,  of  East  Side,  are  the  dwelfings,  the 
greater  number  of  which  are  of  wood,  although  of  late 
stone  and  brick  are  more  used,  and  there  are  many  man- 
sions of  these  materials.  In  East  Side,  on  a  height,  stand 
the  buildings  of  Brown  University  (Baptist,  founded  in 
1764),  in  an  enclosure  of  16  acres,  beautifully  ornamented, 
and  shaded  with  elms :  of  these  the  new  library  building 
is  elegant  and  well  appointed,  containing  70,000  volumes, 
and  the  Sayles  Memorial  Hall  is  one  of  the  finest  structures 
in  the  city.  The  university  has  over  30  instructors  and 
more  than  300  students.  Near  by  are  the  Athenaeum  and 
the  buildings  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society ;  a  few 
blocks  to  the  E.N.E.  is  the  Dexter  Asylum  for  the  Poor, 
a  noble  charity,  founded  by  the  munificence  of  Ebenezer 
Knight  Dexter:  and  N.  of  this  is  the  Friends'  Boarding- 
School,  popularly  called  "the  Quaker  College,"  a  well- 
endowed,  flourishing  institution.  In  the  business  centre 
there  are  a  number  of  notable  buildings :  among  them 
the  new  city  hall  is  one  of  the  finest  municipal  edifices  in 
New  England;  it  stands  in  a  conspicuous  position  at  the 
head  of  Exchange  Place,  is  of  granite,  and  cost  upwards  of 
81,000,000.  Facing  it  is  the  state's  monument  to  its  soldiers 
and  sailors  who  fell  in  the  late  war,  bearing  their  names, 
1741  in  number.  The  custom-house  and  post-office  occupy 
a  massive  granite  building  on  Weybosset  street.  Near  by, 
on  Westminster  street,  extending  to  Weybosset,  225  feet, 
and  80  feet  wide  (except  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  130  feet 
wide),  is  the  famous  Arcade,  which,  though  built  in  1828, 
at  a  cost  of  only  $130,000,  is  a  fine  building.  It  is  a  vast 
bazaar,  having  78  retail  stores  under  a  single  roof.  The 
Butler  Exchange  is  a  more  recent  edifice  of  the  same  general 
eharacter,  the  upper  floors  of  which  are  occupied  by  offices. 


The  state-bouse  and  the  county  court-house  are  in  Ea«t 
Side.  The  Narragansett  Hotel  is  one  of  the  largest  and 
best  hostelries  in  the  United  States.  There  are  about  100 
churches  in  Providence,  64  public  schools,  with  some  16,000 
pupils  in  attendance,  and  a  number  of  good  private  and 
denominational  schools,  from  infant  schools  up  to  the  state 
normal  school  and  the  university  already  noticed.  It  has 
several  superior  libraries,  well-sustained  and  efficient  hos- 
pitals, asylums,  and  other  charities,  and  its  reformatory 
and  penal  institutions  are  unexcelled.  There  are  3  daily, 
1  semi-weekly,  and  12  weekly  newspapers,  and  4  monthly 
periodicals,  published  here.  Providence  was  at  one  time 
the  centre  of  a  considerable  foreign  and  domestic  com- 
merce, but  of  late  years  the  foreign  trade  has  fallen  oflf; 
the  domestic,  however,  has  materially  increased.  It  is  one 
of  the  great  manufacturing  centres  of  the  country.  Among 
its  most  important  establishments  is  the  Gorham  Com- 
pany's manufactory  of  solid  silverware,  the  leading  silver- 
manufactory  of  the  world.  Besides  this  there  are  the 
American  Screw  Company,  the  Armington  <fc  Sims  Engine 
Company,  the  Nicholson  File  6ompany,  the  American  Ship- 
Windlass  Company,  the  Providence  Tool  Company,  whose 
works  cover  upwards  of  5  acres  and  employ  1500  workmen, 
the  Providence  Steam-Engine  Company,  the  Barstow  Stove 
Company,  the  Allen  Fire-Supply  Company,  200  manufac- 
tories of  jewelry,  the  Fletcher  Manufacturing  Compsuiy 
(the  largest  manufactory  in  the  world  of  corset- laces,  shoe- 
laces, lamp-wicks,  <fco.),  the  Corliss  Steam-Engine  Works, 
the  Rhode  Island  Locomotive- Works,  numerous  bleaoh- 
eries,  and  various  other  establishments.  Providence  is  the 
headquarters  of  60  woollen-  and  100  cotton-manufactories. 
The  aggregate  capital  of  all  reported  industries,  as  given 
in  the  census  of  1890,  was  $54,274,227,  and  the  value  of 
the  product  $71,810,173.  There  are  31  national  and  state 
banks  and  6  savings-banks. 

Providence  was  settled  by  Roger  Williams  in  1636.  A 
local  government  was  organized  in  1640,  and  in  1649  the 
settlement  was  incorporated  as  a  town.  The  first  houses 
were  erected  near  St.  John's  church,  on  what  is  now  North 
Main  street.  Pop.  in  1840,  23,172;  in  1850,  41,513;  in 
1860,  50,666;  in  1870,  68,904;  in  1880,  104,857;  in  1890, 
132,146. 

Providence, atownshipofOrangebarg 00., S.C.  P. 880. 

Providence,  a  post-hamlet  in  Providence  township, 
Sumter  co.,  S.C,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Claremont  Station.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1485. 

Providence,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  in  the 
fertile  Cache  Valley,  2  miles  from  Logan,  and  about  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Corinne.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  (1890)  782. 

Prov'idence,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  240  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Madagascar,  in  lat.  9°  10'  S.,  Ion.  51°  5'  E. 

Prov'idence,  a  small  lake  of  British  America,  near  65° 
N.  lat.  and  113°  W.  Ion. 

Providence,  a  fort  of  British  America,  in  the  North- 
west Territories,  on  the  N.  side  of  Great  Slave  Lake,  about 
lat.  62°  60'  N.,  Ion.  114°  W. 

Prov'idence  Chan'nels  separate  several  of  the  Ba- 
hama Islands.    See  New  and  Old  Providbnce. 

Providence  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Kent  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  S.  of  Tunstall's  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Providence  Lake.    See  Lake  Providence. 

Providence  Square,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Collegeville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Providence  Wells,  a  post-office  of  Pima  00.,  Arizona. 

Prov'incetown,  a  post- village  in  Provincetown  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  at  the  northern  extremity  of 
the  long  peninsula  called  Cape  Cod.  It  is  55  miles  by  water 
and  118  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  and  contains  a  national  bank,  a  pablic  library,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  a  high  school,  and  several 
churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  cod-  and  mackerel- 
fisheries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4357. 

Prov'ince  Wellesley,  wSlz'lee,  a  British  oolony 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  immediately  oppo- 
site Penang,  consists  of  a  strip  of  country  35  miles  in 
length  by  4  miles  in  breadth.  Area,  236  square  miles. 
Pop.  71,433,  mostly  Malays.  It  is  under  the  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Penang,  and  is  one  of  the  Straits  Settlements. 

Provins,  proVis"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-etT" 
Marne,  30  miles  E.  of  Melun.     Pop.  7176.     It  is  enclosed 
by  high  walls,  and  has  a  communal  college,  a  tribunal  of 
commerce,  and  a  trade  in  grain  and  wool.     It  has  many 
flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  bricks,  Ac. 

Provi'so,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co..  111.,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Chicago,  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Plaine* 


PRO 


2226 


PRU 


Birer  and  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  village  named  Maywood.     Pop.  in  1890,  6331. 

Pro'vo,  or  Provo  City,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Utah 
00.,  Utah,  is  on  the  Provo  River,  nearly  3  miles  E.  of  Utah 
Lake,  and  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Range  of 
mountains.  It  is  on  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  48  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  contains  a  town  hall,  a  theatre, 
several  flouring-mills,  tanneries,  <fcc.,  and  is  surrounded  by 
fertile  land,  the  staple  products  of  which  are  wheat,  grass, 
and  wool.     Pop.  in  1880,  3432 ;  in  1890,  5169. 

Prshedborsh,  Poland.    See  Pezhbdbobz. 

Prudhoe  L>aud,  Arctic  Ocean.  See  Hates  Peninsula. 

Prudhomme,  prood'hum  or  prii^dom',  a  post-office  of 
St.  Landry  parish,  La.,  14  miles  W.  of  Opelousas. 

PrndniK,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Nbustadt. 

Prfim,  priim,  a  town  of  Prussia,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Treves.     Pop.  2083. 

Pruuuersdorf,  prSdn'n^rs-doRr,  or  Brunnersdorf, 
bro(5n'n§rs-doKr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Saatz.     Pop.  1100. 

Prun'ty's,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Va. 

Prun'tytown,  or  Williamsport,  a  post-village  of 
Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  3  miles  W.  of  Fetterman,  and  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Grafton  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Pruntytown. 

Prusa,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Brusa. 

Pruschanz,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Pruszant. 

Prussia,  priish'ya  or  proo'she-q.  (Ger.  Preussen,  prois'- 
s^n;  Dutch,  Prui««en,proi8'89n ;  Fr.  PrM««e,  priiss ;  L.Prxu'- 
»ia),  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe,  and  the  chief  state  of 
the  German  Empire,  comprising  the  greater  part  of  North 
Germany.  It  was  formerly  composed  of  two  distinct  and 
very  unequal  portions,  separated  by  Brunswick,  Hesse, 
Waldeck,  Lippe,  and  Nassau ;  but  since  the  annexation  of 
Lauenburg,  Hanover,  Electoral  Hesse,  the  territories  of 
Frankfurt  and  Nassau,  and  the  duchies  of  Holstein  and 
Sleswick,  with  portions  of  Bavaria,  and  the  grand  duchy 
of  Hesse,  in  1866,  it  forms  one  compact  territory  from  6° 
to  22°  55'  E.  and  40°  6'  to  65°  55'  N.  It  is  bounded  S.  by 
France,  BaVaria,  Saxony,  Bohemia,  and  Silesia ;  W.  by  the 
Netherlands  and  Belgium ;  N.  by  Denmark  and  the  Baltic; 
N.E.  and  E.  by  Russia.  Its  length,  E.  to  W.,  is  about  700 
miles ;  breadth,  N.  to  S.,  470  miles.  The  following  are  the 
provinces  into  which  Prussia  is  divided,  with  their  areas 
in  English  square  miles  and  population  as  given  in  the 
census  returns  of  1880  and  1890. 

Area  in  sq,  m.  Pop.  in  1880.  Pop.  In  1890. 

East  Prussia 14,446  1,933,936  1,958,132 

West  Prussia 9,964  1,405,898  1,433,480 

Berlin  (city) 26  1,122,330  1,679,244 

Brandenburg 15,560  2,266,825  2,542,401 

Pomerauia 11,762  1,540,034  1,521,211 

Posen 11,311  1,703,397  1,752,094 

Silesia 16,743  4,007,925  4,223,807 

Saxony 9,863  8^312,007  2,579,852 

Sleswick-Holstein....    7,360  1,127,149  1,217,393 

Heligoland J  2,086 

Hanover. 15,031  2,120,168  2,280,491 

Westphalia. 7,892  2,043,442  2,428,736 

Hesse-Nassau 6,128  1,554,376  1,664,000 

Bhenisli  Prussia 10,543  4,074,000  4,710,313 

Hoheuzolleru 447                 67,624  66,148 

Total 136,076i        27,279,111         2&,959,388 

iiesides  the  above,  the  principality  of  Waldeck,  including 
Pyrmont,  has  since  1868  been  under  Prussian  administra- 
tion, but  is  not  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  kingdom. 

The  surface  of  Prussia  is  in  general  flat,  except  in  the 
province  of  Saxony,  where  it  is  traversed  by  parts  of  the 
Harz  Mountains  and  the  Thiiringerwald ;  and  in  the  S., 
between  Silesia  and  Bohemia,  by  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  or 
Giant  Mountains.  The  E.  provinces  belong  to  the  basin 
of  the  Baltic,  in  which  the  chief  rivers  are  the  Memel  or 
Niemen,  th*  Pregel,  Vistula,  and  Oder,  with  its  affluent 
the  Warta.  The  W.  provinces  belong  to  the  basin  of  the 
North  Sea,  and  are  watered  by  the  Elbe,  and  its  affluents 
the  Saale,  Havel,  and  Spree,  the  Weser,  Ems,  and  Rhine, 
with  its  affluents  the  Moselle  and  Lippe.  The  canal  of 
Bromberg  connects  the  Vistula  with  the  Warta ;  the  canal 
of  Finow  unites  the  Oder  with  the  Harve,  an  affluent  of  the 
Elbe;  the  canal  of  Frederick  William  connects  the  Oder 
with  the  Spree ;  and  the  Eider  Canal  connects  the  Baltic 
with  the  North  Sea.  The  Rhine,  which  is  here  navigable 
for  large  vessels  and  is  celebrated  for  its  picturesque  beauty, 
separates  Rhenish  Prussia  into  two  parts,  each  of  which 
has  an  elevated  table-land  and  a  low  plain ;  the  chief  part 
of  the  table-land  lies  N.  of  the  Moselle,  on  the  left  bank 


of  the  Rhine,  and  is  called  the  Eifel  and  the  HoheJ 
Veen,  1600  feet  in  elevation.  This  region  is  of  basaltiq 
formation,  intermixed  with  tracts  of  lava ;  it  presents  evi,, 
dent  traces  of  volcanic  action.  On  the  right  bank  of  the! 
Rhine,  the  table-land  forms  the  elevated  ridge  of  the  Tau-l 
nus,  about  2000  feet;  culminating  point,  the  Feldberg,  28501 
feet  above  the  sea.  This  table-land  extends  N.  between  thol 
rivers  Lahn  and  Sieg,  where  it  is  called  the  Westerwald ;} 
mean  elevation,  1600  feet.  The  coast-line  of  Prussia  is 
the  Baltic  on  the  N.,  covered  with  extensive  lagoons,  thj 
principal  of  which  are  the  Curische-Hafif  at  the  mouth  of! 
the  Niemen,  the  Frische-Haff  at  the  mouths  of  the  Vistula] 
and  Pregel,  and  the  Stettiner-Hafi"  at  the  mouth  of  thai 
Oder ;  and  the  North  Sea  on  the  W.,  in  Sleswick-Holstein 
and  Hanover.  The  level  E.  provinces  are  remarkable  for 
the  great  number  of  lakes  they  contain ;  of  these,  Lakfl. 
Spirding  has  an  area  of  20  square  miles,  and  Lake  MauerJ 
is  nearly  as  large.  The  entire  area  of  the  "  haffs"  on  th« 
Baltic,  and  of  the  lakes  throughout  Prussia,  is  about  166Q 
square  miles.  The  chief  islands  of  Prussia  are  Riigen,! 
Usedom,  Femern,  Alsen,  and  Wollin,  in  the  Baltic,  and 
the  North  Frisian  Islands  of  the  North  Sea.  The  climate, 
generally  temperate  and  salubrious,  is  humid  and  cold  in  the 
N.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year  in  East  Prussia  (Prus- 
sia proper)  in  54°  30'  N.,  at  an  elevation  of  40  feet,  43° 
Central  Prussia,  in  52°  30'  N.,  elevation  210  feet,  48= 
Rhenish  Prussia,  lat.  61",  elevation  250  feet,  49°.5  Fahr. 
Mean  annual  rainfall  in  the  W.  provinces,  20  inches,  de- 
creasing towards  the  E.  Prevailing  winds  W.,  and  cold 
often  severe.  The  soil  is  fertile  in  many  places,  and  grain 
is  exported  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  most  fertile  dis- 
tricts occur  along  the  course  of  the  Niemen  and  Vistula,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Oder,  and  on  the  Elbe,  where  tha 
vicinity  of  Magdeburg  is  so  fertile  that  it  is  called  the  gran- 
ary of  Berlin.  The  most  barren  region  is  the  Tuchler 
Heide,  in  the  province  of  West  Prussia,  50  miles  long  and 
25  miles  broad,  covered  with  sand  and  stunted  shrubs.  Tha 
capital  is  situated  in  an  extensive  sandy  plain,  which  is  in 
terspersed  with  fertile  tracts  and  covered  in  some  places 
with  fine  forests.  Agriculture,  forming  the  chief  source  of 
national  wealth,  is  carefully  conducted  ;  the  principal  crops 
are  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  flax,  hemp,  hops,  sugar,  beet- 
root, and  tobacco ;  fruit-culture  has  been  widely  extended 
of  late  years,  and  the  forests  furnish  excellent  timber. 
The  vine  is  cultivated  in  Rhenish  Prussia  on  the  banks  of 
the  Moselle  and  Rhine,  and  to  a  small  extent  in  detached 
districts  of  Central  and  East  Prussia.  The  pasturage  is 
excellent ;  sheep,  cattle,  and  horses,  of  improved  breeds,  are 
extensively  reared.  Wool  is  an  important  product.  Goats 
are  reared  in  the  mountain-districts  of  Silesia  and  Saxony ; 
swine  in  Pomerania,  Saxony,  and  Westphalia,  which  last 
is  celebrated  for  its  hams.  Wild  boars,  stags,  fallow-deer, 
hares,  and  rabbits  are  plentiful,  as  are  wolves  and  foxes ; 
bears  are  seldom  met  with.  The  lynx,  beaver,  badger,  otter, 
weasel,  and  marten  are  common,  but  the  ermine  is  rare. 
Wild  geese  are  extremely  numerous.  Bees  are  extensively 
reared,  and  the  breeding  of  the  silk-worm  has  made  some 
progress.  The  fisheries  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic  and  in 
the  lakes  and  rivers  are  important.  Mines  of  iron,  coal, 
copper,  lead,  zinc,  cobalt,  alum,  and  salt  are  worked  in  the 
provinces  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and  Westphalia,  and  in  the 
Harz  Mountains ;  and  mining  industry  is  on  the  increase. 
The  mountains  contain  marble  and  some  of  the  precious 
stones,  and  there  are  many  mineral  springs.  Amber  is 
fished  from  the  sea,  or  found  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic. 
The  manufactures  of  Prussia  are  very  extensive,  and  in- 
creasing in  value;  the  chief  branches  are  linens,  in  all  the 
provinces;  woollen  cloths  and  cottons,  in  Rhenish  Prussia, 
at  Barmen,  Crefeld,  and  Elberfeld ;  silk  8tufi"s,  iron-founding, 
porcelain-  and  glass-making,  carriage-building,  saddlery, 
chemical  products,  beet-root-sugar-making,  sugar-refining, 
and  brewing.  Commerce  is  very  active  in  Prussia,  and  has 
been  greatly  developed  by  the  establishment  of  the  com- 
mercial customs-union  (Zollverein),  by  the  many  navigable 
rivers,  excellent  roads,  and  canals,  and  by  railways,  of 
which  upwards  of  14,600  miles  were  open  in  1886 ;  there  ara 
upwards  of  3500  miles  of  river  and  500  miles  of  canal  nav- 
igation ;  connected  with  these  are  lines  of  telegraph  ex- 
tending to  the  chief  points  on  the  frontier ;  and  the  postal 
arrangements  are  excellent.  The  population  of  Prussia  ia 
made  up  principally  of  the  German  race,  but  there  are 
large  numbers  of  Wends,  Poles,  Jews,  Letts,  and  Gypsies 
chiefly  in  the  E.  In  the  W.  and  N.W.  are  found  some 
Frisians,  Dutch,  and  Walloons.  The  government  is  a 
hereditary  monarchy,  and  the  present  constitution  dates 
from  1850,  but  is  modifled  by  more  recent  acts.  The  ex- 
ecutive government  is  carried  on  under  the  king  bv  a 


PRU 


2227 


PUE 


eounoil  of  ministers,  while  the  legislative  authority  rests 
with  a  representative  assembly  of  two  chambers,  the  seoond 
elected  by  manhood  suffrage.  Each  province  has  a  gov- 
ernor and  a  military  commandant,  a  court  of  justice,  and 
a  consistory,  all  appointed  by  tho  king.  Protestantism  is 
the  religion  of  the  royal  family  and  of  the  majority  of  the 
people,  but  all  other  sects  have  freedom  of  worship.  Pub- 
lic instruction  is  more  developed  in  Prussia  than  in  any 
other  country  of  Europe ;  attendance  at  school  is  enforced 
by  law.  The  10  universities  of  Prussia  are  at  Berlin,  Bonn, 
Breslau,  Halle,  Greifswald,  Xonigsberg,  Erlangen,  Got- 
tingen,  Kiel,  and  Marburg.  In  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth 
century  the  Teutonic  knights  subjugated  East  Prussia  and 
converted  the  people  to  Christianity.  Albert  of  Branden- 
burg, grand  master  of  the  order,  appropriated  the  country 
in  1625 ;  his  family  augmented  those  possessions ;  and 
Frederick,  one  of  his  descendants,  obtained  the  title  of 
king  in  1701.  By  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  William  I.  ob- 
tained a  portion  of  the  duchy  of  Qelders ;  he  acquired  the 
duchy  of  Limburg,  and  took  from  Sweden  the  greater  part 
of  Pomerania.  Frederick  II.  (the  Great)  conquered  Si- 
lesia, which  was  abandoned  by  Austria  in  1742  ;  this  king 
and  his  successor  took  part  in  the  dismemberment  of  Po- 
land, and  thus  acquired  the  grand  duchy  of  Posen.  By  the 
treaty  of  Tilsit,  Prussia  was  deprived  of  all  her  possessions 
between  the  Rhine  and  the  Elbe  and  of  the  greater  part  of 
Prussian  Poland ;  but  in  1815,  after  the  fall  of  Napoleon 
I.,  the  Congress  of  Vienna  restored  these  estates,  except  a 
part  of  Poland,  and  granted  to  Prussia  a  part  of  Saxony 
and  the  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  In  1866,  after  the 
successful  war  against  Austria,  Prussia  was  greatly  enlarged 
by  the  annexation  of  the  kingdom  of  Hanover,  the  elec- 
torate of  Hesse-Cassel,  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  and  other 
German  territories.  The  Danish  war  ended  with  the  an- 
nexation of  Sleswick,  Holstein,  and  Lauenburg.  January 
18,  1871,  the  King  of  Prussia  was  proclaimed  at  Versailles, 
near  Paris,  "  Deutscher  Kaiser,"  or  German  Emperor.  Mil- 
itary service  for  three  years  is  imperative  on  all  males,  who 
Bubsequently  pass  four  years  in  the  reserve  and  five  years 
in  the  landwehr.  On  leaving  this  they  are  enrolled  in  the 
landsturm,  which  is  called  out  for  active  service  within  the 
frontiers  of  the  country  only  in  case  of  invasion.  See  also 
Germany,  East  Prussia,  West  Prussia,  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, and  the  other  provinces  of  the  kingdom. Adj.  and 

inhab.   Prussian,  priish'yan   or   proo'shan   (Ger.  Prbus- 
8ISCH,  prois'sish  ;  Fr.  Prussien,  priis^se-S.N»'). 

Prussia^  priish'ya,   a   township  of  Adair   co.,    Iowa. 
Pop.  222. 
Prussia  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa. 
Pruszany,  proo-shi'nee,  orPru8chanz,proo'shints, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  79  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grodno. 
Pop.  4970.    . 

Pruth,  prQth  (Ger.  pron.  proot),  a  river  of  East  Europe, 
rises  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  flows  at  first  E.,  through 
Galicia  and  the  Bukowina,  and  afterwards  S.S.E. ,  between 
Roumania  and  Bessarabia,  and  at  Reni,  75  miles  from  the 
Black  Sea,  joins  the  Danube.     Total  course,  360  miles. 

Pry'or  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Pry'orsburg,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  at  Pryor's  Station,  32  miles 
S.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  church. 
Pryor's  Station,  Polk  co.,  Ga.    See  Prior's  Station. 
Pryor's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 
Prypec,  or  Prypetz,  Russia.     See  Pripets. 
Przasznic,  or  Przasznitz,  pzh&sh'nits,  a  town  of 
Poland,  69  miles  N.E.  of  Plock.     Pop.  3900. 

Przemysl,  pzhflm'isl,  or  Premislia,  pri-mis'le-i,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  at  a  railway  junction,  51  miles 
W.  of  Lemberg.  Pop.  16,400.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Greek  United  bishops,  a  Benedictine  monastery,  a  hospital, 
a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather. 
Przerow,  a  town' of  Moravia.  See  Phbrau. 
Przestitz,  pzhds'titi,  or  Brzestitz,  bzhis'tits,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  12  miles  N.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  2536. 

Przeworsk,  pzhi'^oRsk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
22  miles  E.  of  Rzeszow.     Pop.  2243. 

Przhedborz,or  Prshedborsh,  phzfid'borsh,  a  town 
of  Poland,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Radom.  Pop.  5151. 
Przibislaw,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  Bee  Primislau. 
Przibram,  pzbee'br&m,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Beraun.  Pop.  9466.  It  has  a  castle,  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth,  potash-works,  and  rich  silver-  and 
lead-mines. 

Przysncha,  pzhe-soo'Ki,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Radom.     Pop.  2664. 


Psara,  an  island  in  the  .£gean  Sea.    See  Ipsaba. 

Pselcis,  the  ancient  name  of  Dakkeh. 

Psilorati,  pse-lo-r&'tee.  Mount  (anc.  Mount  Fda). 
the  most  lofty  mountain  of  Crete,  near  its  centre,  haa  an 
elevation  of  7674  feet.  Mount  Ida  was  anciently  closely 
connected  with  the  worship  of  Zeus  (Jupiter),  who  is  said 
to  have  been  brought  up  in  a  cave  in  this  mountain. 

P8iol,pse-or,  P8ioul,jpse-ool',  or  Psia,  psll,  a  river 
of  Russia,  governments  of  Koorsk,  Kharkov,  and  Poltava, 
after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Krementchoog. 

Pskov,  or  Pskow,  pskov,  written  also  Pskof,  a  gov- 
ernment of  Russia,  between  lat.  66°  and  68°  N.  and  Ion. 
27°  16'  and  32°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of  St. 
Petersburg,  Novgorod,  Tver,  Smolensk,  Vitebsk,  and  Livo- 
nia. Area,  17,318  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  775,701. 
The  surface  is  mostly  flat.  The  rivers  are  numerous,  but 
none  large.  At  its  N.W.  extremity  is  the  Lake  of  Pskov, 
connected  with  that  of  Peipus.  The  soil  is  infertile ;  the 
forests  are  extensive.  The  government  is  subdivided  into 
8  districts.  The  principal  towns  are  Pskov,  the  capital, 
Toropetz,  and  Velikee  Looki. 

Pskov,  or  Pleskov,  plfis-kov',  the  capital  of  the  above 
government,  on  the  Velikaia,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Pskov, 
162  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  18,331.  It  is  partly 
built  of  stone,  and  comprises  the  citadel,  the  middle  town, 
and  the  great  town,  all  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  archbishop's  residence  and  the 
consistory,  a  cathedral,  numerous  churches,  convents,  and 
schools.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  a  considerable  ex- 
port trade,  and  an  annual  fair,  at  which  woollen,  silk,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  leather,  books,  jewelry,  Ac,  are  sold. 

Pskov,  a  lake  of  Russia,  between  the  governments  of 
Pskov  and  St.  Petersburg,  is  a  S.  arm  of  Lake  Peipus,  22 
miles  in  length ;  greatest  breadth,  12  miles.  It  receives  the 
Velikaia  River  on  the  S.E. 

Psyra,  the  ancient  name  of  Ipsara. 

Ptarmigan  (tar'm^-gan)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain 
in  lat.  39°  42'  N.,  Ion.  106°  1'  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
about  12,200  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Ptchalsko,  p'ch&l'sko,  or  Ptchamskoe,  p'ch&m'- 
sko-i\  a  river  and  lake  of  Siberia,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
government  of  Yeniseisk.  The  lake  is  about  36  miles  long 
by  15  miles  broad.  The  river  issues  from  the  lake,  flows 
N.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  160  miles,  falls  into  the 
Arctic  Ocean  between  the  mouths  of  the  Obi  and  Yenisei. 

Ptitch,  or  Ptisch,  p'titch  or  pteech,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  government  of  Minsk,  flows  S.E.  and  S., 
and  joins  the  Pripets  20  miles  above  Mozyr.  Total  course, 
200  miles. 

Ptoleraais.    See  Toloueta,  Menshieh,  and  Acre. 

Pubiedziska,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Pudswitz. 

Pubna,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Pabna. 

Pubnico  (pub-nee'ko)  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  17  miles  from  Barrington. 

Pu-Ching-Hien,  China.     See  Poo-Ching-Hien. 

Pucho,  poo^Ko',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  1664. 

Pach-Puri,  poooh-poo'ree,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     Lat.  12°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  E. 

Pu-Cliu,  a  city  of  China.     See  Poo-Choo. 

Puchuncavi,  poo^choon-k&'vee,  also  written  Pucnu- 
chavi,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  coast,  36  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Valparaiso.     Pop.  819. 

Puckawa  Lake,  Wisconsin.    See  Pacawa  Lake. 

Pucker  Brush,  a  post-office  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind. 

Puck'ett's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C, 
7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ninety-Six. 

Puckett  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Qa., 
on  the  Atlanta  &,  West  Point  Railroad,  6  or  6  miles  S.  of 
Newnan.     It  has  a  church. 

Pudewitz,  poo'd§h-^its\  or  Pubiedziska,  poo-be- 
4d-zis'ki,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  15  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Posen.     Pop.  2043. 

Pudlein,  pood'line,  or  Podolin,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Zips,  on  the  Poprad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kesmark. 
Pop.  1610.    It  has  an  ancient  castle  and  colleges. 

Pudukota,  India.     See  Poodoocottah. 

Puebla,  pwfib'14  or  poo-ib'li,  or  Pueblo,  Spanish 
words  denoting  a  "  collection  of  people,"  also  a  "  town  or 
village,"  forming  a  part  of  numerous  names  in  Spain  and 
Spanish  America. 

Puebla,  pwdb'l&,  or  La  Pnebia,  1&  pw2b'l&,  a  state 
of  Mexico,  between  lat.  16°  20'  and  20°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  97° 
and  99°  16'  W.,  enclosed  by  the  states  of  Mexico,  Vera 
Cruz,  and  Oajaca.  Area,  12,015  square  miles.  Pop.  7,84»466. 
Its  central  part  belongs  to  the  Anahuac  table-land,  and 


I 


; 


2228 


PUE 


PUG 


within  it  is  the  volcano  of  Popocatepetl.  It  contains  the 
towns  of  Puebla,  Cholula,  and  Tehuacan. 

Puebla,  or  La  Puebla  de  los  Angeles,  1& 
pwib'li  d4  loce  ing'Hi-lds  ("the  city  of  the  angels,"  so 
named  from  its  beautiful  situation),  the  capital  of  the  above 
state,  is  situated  on  a  declivity,  at  the  junction  of  three 
railways,  76  miles  direct  and  208  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Mexico,  and  130  miles  W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  Pop,  75,000.  It 
is  regularly  built  and  well  paved.  The  houses  are  of  stone, 
and  many  have  iron  balconies  and  painted  fronts.  It  has 
a  vast  number  of  richly-decorated  religious  edifices,  an 
episcopal  and  two  other  colleges,  and  manufactures  of 
glass,  shawls,  pottery,  earthenware,  and  soap.  It  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  March,  1863. 

Pnebla,  La,  or  Poblat,  pob-l4t',  a  small  town  of 
Majorca,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3012. 

Puebla.  For  other  town-names  beginning  thus,  see 
La  Pcebla. 

Pueblo,  pwfib'lo,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  2400  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Huerfano  and  Greenhorn  Rivers  and  Fontaine  qui  Bouille 
and  Squirrel  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and 
mountainous.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  climate  is  dry. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande, 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Pueblo.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2265;  in  1880,  7617;  in  1890,  31,491. 

Pueblo,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  is 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Fountain  Creek, 
45  miles  S.  of  Colorado  Springs,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Caiion  City.  It  is  connected  with  these  places  by  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  F4  Railroad.  It  is  the  most  important  town  in 
Southern  Colorado,  It  has  3  daily  and  7  weekly  news- 
papers, several  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  24,558. 

Pueblo  de  los  Angeles,  Cal.    See  Los  Angeles. 

Pueblo  Viejo,  pwSb'lo  ve-i'Ho  ("old  town"),  a  mari- 
time town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Tampico,  on  Lake  Tampico.  Pop.  1500,  who  export  large 
quantities  of  salted  prawns  to  the  interior. 

Puelches,  pwSl'ohis,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  Patagonia. 

Puente,  pwdn'ti  or  poo-Sn'ti,  a  Spanish  word  signi- 
fying a  "  bridge,"  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numerous  towns 
of  Spain.     See  Ponte. 

Puente  de  Eume,  pwdn'ti  d&  k'oo-mii,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  13  miles  E.  of  Corunna,  on  the  Eume. 

Puente  de  Genii,  pwSn'ti  dk  ni-neel',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  27  miles  S.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Genii. 
Pop.  7833,  engaged  in  woollen-weaving  and  in  oil-  and 
earthenware-factories. 

Puente  la  Reina,  pwSn'ti  1&  r4'n&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Arga, 
here  crossed  by  four  bridges.     Pop.  2858. 

Puente  Nacional,  pwfin'ti  ni-se-o-nil',  a  village  of 
Mexico,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  It  is  situated 
on  a  small  stream,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  contains 
an  old  fort.  A  skirmish  took  place  here,  August  11,  1847, 
between  an  American  force  and  a  party  of  Mexicans. 

Puentes  de  Garcia  Rodriguez,  pwSn'tds  d& gaR- 
thoe'S,  ro-Dree'ghfith,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Corunna.     Pop.  1934. 

Puerco,  Rio,  ree'o  pwfiR'ko,  a  river  of  New  Mexico, 
runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Santa  Ana  and  Berna- 
lillo, and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  about  22  miles  N.  of  So- 
corro.    It  is  nearly  160  miles  long. 

Puers,  pii^aiR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  4100. 

Puerto,  pwfiK'to  or  poo-AR'to,  a  Spanish  word  signi- 
fying "  port,"  forming  the  prefix  to  many  names  in  Spain 
'ud  South  America,  Ac. 

Puerto  Atacames,  theSpanish  for  Porto  At  acames. 

Puerto  Bello,  pwfiR'to  bel'yo  (i.e.,  "fine  harbor"),  a 
ieaport  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  and 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Panama,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  isthmus. 
It  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  is  unhealthy,  but,  in 
spite  of  the  excessive  heat  to  which  it  is  subject,  the  ex- 
cellence of  the  harbor  rendered  it  formerly  of  high  com- 
mercial importance.     It  has  now  greatly  declined. 

Puerto  Caballos,  Honduras.    See  Caballos. 

Puerto  Cabello,  pwfiR'to  ka-vSl'yo,  a  city  of  Venezu- 
ela, state  of  Carabobo,  on  the  Gulf  of  Triste,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Valencia.  It  has  a  spacious,  safe  port,  with  a  mole  and  good 
wharves,  a  custom-house,  a  large  garrisoned  fort,  a  large 
municipal  building  (including  a  prison,  barracks,  and  post- 


office),  a  hospital,  a  charitable  institution,  and  manufactures 
of  soap,  tiles,  leather,  and  candles.  The  import  and  export 
trade  is  large.  Leading  articles  of  export  are  coffee,  cacao 
hides,  skins,  indigo,  logwood,  fustic,  Ac.  The  town  is  clean 
and  well  paved,  and  was  once  the  terminus  of  a  short  rail- 
road, now  abandoned.  The  warehouses  and  public  gardens 
are  large  and  well  kept.     Pop,  8467. 

Puerto  de  la  Mar,  or  Port  la  Mar.    See  Cobija. 

Puerto  del  Padre,  pwfiR'to  dSl  pi'dri,  a  harbor  on 
the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba.  Lat.  21°  17'  N.- 
Ion.  76°  42'  W.  It  has  a  long  and  narrow  entrance,  and 
affords  excellent  anchorage. 

Puerto  del  Triunfo,  pwjR'to  dSl  tre-oon'fo,  a  sea- 
port of  Central  America,  in  San  Salvador,  on  the  Bay  of 
Jiquillisco. 

Puerto  de  Luna,  pwfiR'to  di  loo'ni,  a  post-village  of 
San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico,  on  the  Pecos  River,  200  miles 
from  El  Moro,  Col.     It  has  2  churches. 

Puerto  de  Orotava,  pwfiR'to  di  o-ro-tl'vi,  or  Port 
Orotava,  a  seaport  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
island  of  Teneriffe,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Orotava,  of  which  it  is 
the  port.  It  has  a  silk-factory.  Its  harbor  is  bad,  and  the 
trade  is  limited.     Pop.  3573. 

Puerto  de  Santa  Maria,  pwfiR'to  disln'ti  mi-reel, 
a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the 
Guadalete,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Bay  of  Cadiz.  It  is  the 
principal  place  for  the  export  of  the  wines  of  Jeres  (Xeres), 
7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  It  has  manufactures  of  brandy, 
leather,  soap,  <fcc.     Pop.  19,247. 

Puerto  Llano,  pwfiR'to  li'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2673. 

Puerto  Mahon,  the  Spanish  name  of  Pout  Mahon. 

Puerto  Montt,  pwfiR'to  mont,  incorrectly  called  Port 
Monte,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province  of  Llan- 
quihue,  on  an  excellent  harbor  at  the  head  of  Reloncavi 
Bay,  60  miles  direct  E.N.E.  of  Ancud.  It  has  a  large  trade 
in  lumber.     Pop.  4000. 

Puerto  Naraiyo,  pwfin'to  ni-ring'Ho  {i.e.,  "  Port 
Orange"),  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cuba,  about  50  miles  E.  of 
Puerto  del  Padre.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Puerto  Principe,  pwfiR'to  preen'se-pi,  Porto 
Principe,  poR'to  preen'se-pi,  or  Santa  Maria  de 
Puerto  Principe,  sln'ti  mi-ree'i  di  pwfiR'to  preen'se- 
pi,  an  inland  city  of  Cuba,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  its  port, 
Nuevitas,  on  the  N.  coast,  between  the  rivulets  of  Tinima 
and  Jatibonico.  A  railway,  44  miles  in  length,  conneots 
Puerto  Principe  with  Nuevitas.     Pop.  30,685. 

Puerto  Real,  pwfin'to  ri-il',  a  seaport  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Cadiz,  on  the  bay  and  6  miles  by  rail  B.  of 
Cadiz.     Pop.  6544.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 

Puerto  Rico,  West  Indies.     See  Porto  Rico. 

Puerto  Santa  Elena.    See  Saint  Helena  Port. 

Puerto  Viejo,  pwfiu'to  ve-i'no  ("  old  port"),  a  town 
of  Ecuador,  capital  of  Manabi,  85  miles  N.N.W.  of  Guaya- 
quil, on  a  small  river  flowing  into  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Puffin,  or  Priest'holm,  an  islet  of  North  Wales,  oo. 
and  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Anglesey. 

Puffin  Island,  a  rocky  islet  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
at  St.  Finnan's  Bay,  3  iniles  S.  of  Valentia  Island. 

Puffin  Island,  of  Newfoundland,  near  the  entrance 
of  Green's  Pond  Harbor,  Lat.  49°  3'  37"  N. ;  Ion.  53°  22' 
27"  AV.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Puget  (pu'JQt)  Sound,  Washington,  is  a  large  body  of 
salt  water,  or  inland  sea,  which  communicates  with  Admi- 
ralty Inlet  and  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca.  It  is  navi- 
gable by  large  ships,  penetrates  far  into  the  interior,  and  is 
divided  into  several  branches,  which  afford  great  facilities 
for  navigation  to  the  cos.  of  Pierce,  King,  Kitsap,  and  Thurs- 
ton. Some  parts  of  this  sound  are  about  150  miles  from  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Large  vessels  can  ride  close  to  the  shores  of 
this  sound,  and  can  load  or  unload  without  the  intervention 
of  wharves.  Great  quantities  of  lumber  (pine  and  fir)  are 
procured  in  the  counties  mentioned  above  and  shipped  on 
this  sound.  The  shores  of  these  inlets  are  remarkably  bold, 
so  that  in  many  places  a  ship's  side  would  strike  the  shore 
before  the  keel  would  touch  the  ground. 

Pugh,  Belmont  co.,  0.     See  Burton's. 

Pughman,  poog-min',  Pemghan,  pfim-gin',  or 
Pamghan,  pim-gin',  a  mountain-range  of  Afghanistan, 
subordinate  to  that  of  Hindoo- Koosh,  and  stretching  along 
its  S.  base  for  about  100  miles. 

Pughtown,  pew't5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
on  French  Creek,  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Phoenixvill*. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Pughville,  pew'vil,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn. 

Puglia,  pool'yi,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Tiber 
at  Orvieto. 


PUG 


2229 


PUL 


Paglia,  La,  a  region  of  Italy.    See  Apulia. 

Png'wash)  a  seaport  town  and  watering-place  of  Nora 
Sootia,  CO.  of  Cumberland,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  12 
miles  from  Thomson.  It  contains  ship-yards,  saw-mills,  and 
freestone-,  limestone-,  and  plaster-quarries.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  deals  are  shipped  hence  to  England.     Pop.  700. 

Pugwash  River,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  oo., 
Nora  Scotia,  14  miles  from  Thomson.     Pop.  100. 
..    Puhpoond,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pahpoond. 

Puiceiey,  pwee^s^h-li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  11 
Biles  N.W.  of  Gaillac.     Pop.  2131. 

Puig,  poo'ig,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
K.£.  of  Valencia,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1814. 

Puigcerda,  poo-ig-thda'di,  a  fortified  frontier  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  Gerona,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Pyrenees.     Pop.  2083. 

Puiseaux,  pwee^zS',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  12 
miles  E.  of  Pithiviers.     Pop.  1971. 

Puisserguier,  pwees^seR^ghe-aiK',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Herault,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  B^ziers.     Pop.  2690. 

Pujols,  pii'zhol',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1188. 

Pula,  poo'li,  a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  in  Sardinia,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1486. 

Pulaski)  pu-las'kee,  a  ooonty  in  the  central  part  of 
Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  883  square  miles.  It  is  in> 
tersected  by  the  Arkansas  River,  which  runs  from  N.W.  to 
6.E.  through  the  county  and  is  navigable  by  steamboats. 
:  It  is  also  drained  by  Bayou  Metoe  and  Maumelle  Creek. 
I  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  level,,  and  is  exten- 
I  flively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  elm, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
com,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  are  granite,  iron  ore,  slate,  and  limestone.  This 
is  the  most  populous  county  in  the  state.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern,  Little  Rock 
A  Memphis,  St.  Louis  Southwestern,  and  Little  Rock  & 
Fort  Smith  Railroads.  Capital,  Little  Rock,  which  is  also 
the  capital  of  Arkansas.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,066 ;  in  1880, 
32,616 ;  in  1890,  47,329. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Ocmul- 
gee  and  Reedy  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Empire 
&  Dublin  Railroad.  Capital,  Hawkinsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,940;  in  1880,  14,058;  in  1890,  16,559. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  190  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Ohio  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cache  River.  The  surface 
is  diversified  by  low  hills  and  by  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory, 
ash,  elm,  maple,  tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital, 
Mound  City.  Carboniferous  limestone  underlies  the  soil. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8752;  in  1880,  9507;  in  1890,  11,355. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tippe- 
canoe River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversi- 
fied by  prairies  and  "oak  openings,"  or  open  groves  of 
oak  and  hickory.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com, 
hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  and 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroads,  and  its  N.E. 
corner  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western 
Railroad.  Capital,  Winamac.  Pop.  in  1870, 7801;  in  1880, 
9851;  in  1890,  11,233. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cumberland  River,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Rook 
Castle  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Big  South  Fork  of 
the  Cumberland.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly 
undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  cover  nearly  half 
of  its  area.  Indian  com,  oats,  cattle,  pork,  and  honey  are 
the  staples.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It 
is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route, 
which  connects  with  Somerset,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,670;  in  1880,  21,318;  in  1890,  26,731. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  also  drained  by  Piney  Fork 
and  Roubidoux  (or  Robideaux)  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.    Indian  corn, 


wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  in  the  N^art  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad.  Capital,  Waynesville, 
on  Roubidoux  Creek.  Pop.  in  1870,4714;  in  1880,  7250; 
in  1890,  9387. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  ba« 
an  area  of  about  345  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  River,  which  also  forms  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass.  A  mine 
of  lead  has  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad  and  the  Altoona  Coal 
&  Iron  Railroad.  Capital,  Newbem.  Pop.  in  1870,  6538; 
in  1880,  8755;  in  1890,  12,790. 

Pulaski,  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col. 

Pulaski,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Il- 
linois Central  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pulaski,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Logansport. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  bridge  over  the 
river.     Pop.  123. 

Pulaski,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Davis  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  9}  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  an  oil-mill,  2 
grain -elevators,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Pulaski,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pulaski  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  trade  in  country  produce.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1139.  The  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  township.  Pulaski 
Station  is  16  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson. 

Pulaski,  an  attractive  post-village  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  is  situated  in  Richland  township,  on  Salmon  River 
4  miles  from  Lake  Ontario,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego,  and 
39  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  is  on  the  Syracuse  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road. It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  2  paper-mills,  4  flour- 
mills,  2  planing-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a 
cheese-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Pulaski,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pulaski  township,  Williams 
CO.,  0.,  about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  is  nearly  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Bryan,  which  is  in  Pulaski  township.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  4553. 

Pulaski,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  943,  ex- 
clusive of  New  Brighton. 

Pulaski,  a  post- village  in  Pulaski  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Castle,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Sharon.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of 
French  umber.  This  is  a  pigment,  the  raw  material  of 
which  is  mined  near  Pulaski.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1609. 

Pulaski,  a  post-township  of  Oconee  co.,  B.C.     P.  653. 

Pulaski,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Richland  Creek,  and  on  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad, 
81  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville,  and  33  miles  S.  of  Colum- 
bia. It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  fine  town  hall,  2 
national  banks,  a  seminary  called  Giles  College,  the  Martin 
Female  College,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  cotton-mills,  5 
churches,  2  tanneries,  a  planing-mill,  Ac,  also  manufac- 
tories of  carriages  and  flour.  About  8000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  2274. 

Pulas'kiville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  9  milea 
E.  of  Gilead  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pulicat,  piire-k&t'  (Hindoo,  Valiacuta,  v9.-le-&-koo't&), 
a  maritime  town  of  India,  20  miles  N.  of  Madras,  lat.  13* 
25'  N.,  Ion.  80°  24'  E.,  at  the  entrance  of  Pulicat  Inlet. 

Pull'man,  a  noted  industrial  suburb  of  the  city  of 
Chicago,  to  which  it  was  annexed  in  1889,  is  situated  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Calumet,  14  miles  S.  of  the  court- 
house at  Chicago,  and  3  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It 
was  founded  in  1880  by  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.,  and 
comprises,  besides  the  extensive  works  of  that  company, 
employing  4000  operatives,  the  Allen  Paper  Car-Wheel 
Works,  the  Union  Foundry,  the  Pullman  Iron  &  Steel 
Works,  the  Standard  Knitting  Mills,  terra-cotta-works, 
forge-works,  foundries,  Ac,  employing  in  the  aggregate 
some  6000  hands.  Here  is  also  a  beautiful  hotel,  an  arcade 
building  250  by  154  feet  (containing  several  stores,  a  public 
library  and  reading-rooms,  a  theatre,  lodge-rooms,  Ac), 
several  church  societies,  and  excellent  schools.  It  is  lighted 
by  gas  and  electricity,  and  has  perhaps  the  most  perfect 
systems  of  water-supply  and  drainage  known. 

Pnlo,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  many  is-lands  in  the 
Indian  Ocean.    See  Poolo. 


PUL 


2230 


PUN 


Pnlo  Anaphi,  poo'Io  &-n&'fee,  an  islet  in  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Santorini. 

Pnlo  Baniak,  Sumatra.    See  Baniak  Islands. 

Pulo  Bintani)  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Bingtang. 

Pulo  Boonting.    See  Boontinq  Islands. 

Pulo  Penang)  Strait  of  Malacca.    See  Penanq. 

Pnlpanabharam,  pool-pd,^n3,-b&-r&m',  a  district  of 
India,  in  Travancore.    Area,  648  square  miles.    P.  349,679. 

Pulsano,  pool-si'no,  or  Pnlzano,  pool-zi'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Taranto. 

Pulsnitz,  or  Pnlssnitz,  pools'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  2644. 

Pultawa,  or  Pnitowa,  Russia.    See  Poltava. 

Pultney,  pult'nee,  a  post-township  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Keuka  Lake.  It  is  noted 
for  the  cultivation  of  grapes  and  the  manufacture  of  wine. 
Pop.  1444.  Pultney,  a  post-hamlet  in  this  township,  is  on 
the  lake,  9  miles  N.  of  Hammondsport.  It  has  2  manufac- 
tories of  grape-boxes.     Pop.  about  250. 

Pnltney,  a  township  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.  Pop.  6319. 
It  contains  Bellaire  and  West  Wheeling. 

Pult'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Williamson  township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  warehouses.     Pop.  400. 

Pnltusk,  pool'toosk,  written  also  Pnltowsk,  a  town 
of  Poland,  province  and  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plook,  on  an 
island  formed  by  the  Narew.  Pop.  7689.  It  has  a  bishop's 
palace,  a  collegiate  church,  a  nunnery,  and  a  synagogue, 
with  a  brisk  trade  in  corn. 

Pnl'verSy  a  station  in  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Boston  &,  Albany  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 

Pulwul,  or  Palwal,piirwixr,  a  town  of  India,  42 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  12,629. 

PalzanO)  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pulsano. 

Pnmp'kinton,  township,  Pickens  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  716. 

Pnmp'kinvine  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  the 
Etowah  a  few  miles  S.  of  Cartersville,  in  Cass  co. 

Puna,  poo-ni',  improperly  written  Puno,  an  island 
oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Ecuador,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Guayaquil,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Guayaquil.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.     On  its  N.  side  is  the  village  of  Puna. 

Puna,  or  Panai,  India.    See  Poonah. 

Punagnrh,  or  Panagarh,  pun-i-gur',  a  town  of 
India,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  4433. 

Punch,  ptinch,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Punch 
rajahship,  in  lat.  33°  51'  N.,  Ion.  73°  53'  E. 

Punch,  written  also  Punach  and  Pungh,  a  rajah- 
ship of  the  Cashmere  dominions,  India.  Area,  1600  square 
miles.     Capital,  Punch.     Pop.  77,566. 

Punch  (or  Panch,  punch)  Char,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Backergunge  district.  Lat.  23°  24'  N.;  Ion.  90°  11.5'  E. 
Pop.  3050. 

Puncheon  (piinch'un)  Landing,  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
is  on  the  Pocomoke  River,  2  miles  from  Newtown. 

Punch  Mehals,  or  Panch  Mahals,  piinch  ma- 
hllz'  {i.e.,  "  five  revenue  divisions"),  a  British  district  of 
India,  in  Quzerat,  bounded  E.  by  the  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  1731  square  miles.     Pop.  240,743. 

Puncho,  Colorado.    See  Poncho. 

Pnnchshir,  piinch^sheer',  or  Puiyshir,  pilnj^sheer', 
a  valley  of  Afghanistan,  stretching  S.W.  along  the  S.  side 
of  the  Hindoo-Koosh  for  about  60  miles  from  the  Khawak 
Pass.  Lat.  35°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  53'  B.  A  river  of  the 
same  name  flows  through  the  centre  of  the  valley.  The 
soil  is  naturally  sterile,  but  by  careful  culture  every  spot 
capable  of  yielding  grain  is  turned  to  account.  The  in- 
habitants are  considered  to  be  of  Persian  descent. 

Pnnderpoor,  or  Pandharpur,  pun'der-poor',  a 
town  of  India,  45  miles  W.  of  Solapoor.    Pop.  16,817. 

Punganoor,  piin-ga-noor',  a  town  of  British  India, 
North  Arcot  district,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Arcot.    Pop.  8876. 

Pungoteague,  pun'go-tig,  a  post-village  of  Accomack 
CO.,  Va.,  near  the  E.  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  66 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  160. 

Pungudutive,  pung-goo-doo-teev',  an  island  S.W.  of 
JafFnapatam,  near  the  N.  end  of  Ceylon.     Pop.  2415. 

Punhete,  poon-yi'ti,  a  town  and  military  post  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  on  the  Tagus,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Abrantes.     Pop.  1850. 

Punisheer,  Afghanistan.    See  Pendjshbhbb. 

Punitz,  poo'nits  (Polish,  Powiec,  p6v'y5ts),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  44  miles  S.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1982. 

Puiyab,  Papjab,  pfin-jib',  or  Punjaub',  an  exten- 
sive province  forming  the  N.W.  part  of  British  India,  a^d 
embracing  the  country  watered  by  the  "  five  great  waters, " 


of  which  the  Indus  is  the  most  westerly  and  the  Sutlej 
the  most  easterly.  The  outline  of  the  district  is  angular, 
the  apex  being  at  the  point  where  the  Indus  and  the  Punj- 
nud  meet,  in  lat.  28°  55'  N.,  Ion.  70°  28'  E.  The  N.  is 
an  elevated  region,  formed  by  the  Bolor,  Thibet,  and  West 
Himalaya  Mountains,  and  from  whence  issue  the  rivers 
Indus,  Jhylum,  Chenaub,  Ravee,  Beas,  and  Sutlej.  Length, 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  from  Nobra  in  Ladakh  to  the  confluence 
of  the  Indus  and  Punjnud,  about  600  miles.  Breadth,  from 
Rampoor  to  Derabund,  350  miles.  Area,  111,016  square 
miles.  Pop.  (1891)  20,807,020.  The  N.  part  of  the  state 
is  a  range  of  mountains  with  an  elevation  of  from  20,000 
to  27,000  feet.  The  W.  range,  enclosing  the  valley  of  the 
Indus,  is  of  granite  and  primary  rocks.  South  of  lat.  34° 
the  country  rapidly  slopes  to  the  alluvial  plain  of  the  Pun- 
jab. At  the  base  of  the  Himalayas  are  the  salt  ranges, 
which  contain  immense  beds'  of  rock  salt,  as  also  alum, 
sulphur,  nitre,  coal,  and  gypsum.  The  great  plain  is  di- 
vided by  the  intersection  of  its  rivers  into  5  doubs.  The 
soil  in  general  is  sandy  and  barren,  but  with  many  fertile 
spots  intermixed,  and  there  are  abundant  means  of  irriga- 
tion. The  summer  temperature  of  the  plains  is  excessively 
hot  and  dry,  winter  cool  and  not  unfrequently  frosty.  The 
vegetation  of  the  Punjab  resembles  that  of  Eastern  India. 
The  sugar-cane,  palm,  orange,  and  other  fruit  trees  flourish, 
and  all  kinds  of  grain  crops  are  raised,  as  also  opium,  in- 
digo, and  tobacco.  Camels,  buffaloes,  and  horses  are  reared 
in  the  extensive  pasture-lands.  Silk  and  cotton  fabrics  are 
manufactured  in  the  towns,  as  also  carpets,  shawls,  and 
warlike  arms.  A  considerable  transit  trade  is  carried  on  in 
goods  imported  from  East  India  and  carried  W.,  bullion, 
silk,  drugs,  and  dyea  being  received  in  return.  The  pop- 
ulation is  of  a  mixed  kind.  In  the  N.  are  Thibetan  Mon- 
golians, and  the  remains  of  former  Afghan  conquerors  are 
scattered  over  the  whole  country.  The  great  majority  of 
the  people  are  Punjab  Jats,  descendants  of  Hindoo  Rajpoot 
Jats.  The  Khalsa  Sikh  population  may  amount  to  500,000. 
Their  religion,  originally  supposed  to  have  been  a  pure 
deism,  is  now  a  modification  of  Hindooism.  They  have  no 
castes,  and  the  military  profession  is  open  to  all.  In  per- 
son the  Sikhs  resemble  the  Hindoos,  but  are  of  more  robust 
and  active  habits  than  the  natives  of  Middle  India,  and 
they  excel  in  warlike  enterprise.  The  Sikh  government,  a 
military  despotism,  extended  over  the  whole  of  the  Punjab, 
Cashmere,  Ladakh,  and  Balkh,  Peshawer  W.  of  the  Indus, 
and  the  Derajat  as  far  S.  as  the  frontier  of  Sinde.  The 
principal  towns  are  Lahore  (the  capital),  Amritsir,  Delhi, 
Sealkote,  Amballa,  Loodianah,  Mooltan,  Peshawer,  Jullin- 
der,  and  Jelalpoor. 

'The  Punjab  was  the  scene  of  Alexander  the  Great's 
Oriental  conquests.  At  the  beginning  of  the  tenth  century 
it  was  overrun  by  Mahmood  of  Ghuznee.  Subsequently  it 
was  conquered  by  the  Afghans,  and  in  1526  by  Baber  the 
Mogul.  Under  the  late  Runjeet  Singh,  the  power  and 
boundaries  of  the  kingdom  were  greatly  extended,  and 
on  his  death,  in  1839,  and  the  subsequent  massacre  of  his 
nearest  heirs,  the  country  became  the  scene  of  anarchy. 
An  unprovoked  invasion  of  the  British  territories  E.  of 
the  Sutlej  by  a  powerful  army  of  the  Sikhs  in  1845  led  to 
a  series  of  British  victories  at  Moodkee,  Ferozeshah,  Ali- 
wal,  and  Sobraon,  and  their  submission  by  treaty  in  1846. 
This  treaty  was  again  broken  by  Shere  Singh  in  1848,  and 
the  Sikh  force  was  finally  defeated  and  dispersed  at  Guze- 
rat,  February  21,  1849.  The  Punjab  was  then  formally 
annexed  to  the  British  possessions  in  India. 

Pnnjaub,  piin-jawb',  a  village  of  St.  Genevieve  co..  Mo., 
24  miles  from  De  Soto,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  steam  fiour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Puivj  Deen,  piinj  deen,  written  also  Puiy-Deh  and 
Peiydeh,  a  Turcoman  camp  in  Khorassan,  130  miles  N. 
of  Herat.     Lat.  36°  4'  N.;  Ion.  62°  41'  E. 

PuAJgoor,  piinj^goor',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  in 
Mekran,  on  the  Doostee,  74  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eedje. 

Punjnud,  piinj^niid',  a  name  applied  to  the  conjoined 
stream  of  the  Ghara  and  Chenaub  Rivers,  which  unites 
with  the  Indus  after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Punj  shir,  Afghanistan.     See  Punchshir. 

Pun'uah,  or  Pan'nah,  a  rajahship  of  India,  between 
lat.  23°  52'  and  25°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  79°  50'  and  80°  45' 
E.,  subsidiary  to  the  British,  and  having  an  area  of  648 
square  miles.  Pop.  67,000.  It  comprises  1062  villages, 
and  pays  to  the  British  a  tribute  of  £1000  annually.  It 
contains  the  famous  diamond-mines  of  Punnah. 

Punnah,  pfin'ni,  or  Pannah,  p&n'ni  (probably  the 
Panaa'sa  of  Ptolemy),  a  town  of  British  India,  110  miles 
S.W.  of  Allahabad.  It  has  numerous  temples,  now  mostlv  in 
ruins,  and  is  known  for  its  diamond-mines. 


I 


PUN 


2231 


PUR 


Punnailah,  or  Fanaila,  piin-m'l&,  a  town  of  India, 
35  miles  N.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  5502. 

Punnairy  pun-nir',  or  Panaur,  p%-nawr',  a  river  of 
India,  rises  in  Mysore,  traverses  Salom  and  South  Arcot, 
and  enters  the  sea  at  Cuddalore,  93  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras, 
after  an  £.  course  of  220  miles. 

Puno,  poo'no,  a  department  of  Peru,  mostly  between 
lat.  14°  and  18°  S.  and  Ion.  69°  and  72°  W.,  having  E. 
Bolivia,  and  on  other  sides  the  departments  of  Cuzco  and 
Arequipa.  Area  as  oflScially  estimated,  39,74.S  square  miles. 
Pop.  256,594.  It  is  nearly  enclosed  by  Cordilleras  of  the 
Andes,  comprises  the  greater  part  of  Lake  Titicaca,  and 
was  formerly  famous  for  the  number  and  wealth  of  its  sil- 
ver-mines. The  ohief  towns  are  Puno,  Chuouito,  Asangaro, 
and  Lampa. 

Puno,  a  oity  of  South  Peru,  capital  of  a  department 
and  province,  on  the  Bay  of  Puno,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake 
Titicaca,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arequipa,  and  12,870  feet 
above  the  sea.  Pop.  about  6000.  It  has  a  cathedral,  2 
colleges,  and  a  silver-mine.  It  is  a  terminus  of  a  railroad 
extending  to  Mollendo.     Puno  exports  alpaca  wool. 

Panta  Arenas,  poon't&  &-r4'n&s,  or  Point  Are'na, 
a  post-village  in  Arena  township,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  110  miles  by  water  N.W.  of  San 
Francisco.  Lumber  is  exported  from  this  place.  It  has  a 
church,  3  saw-mills,  and  a  paper-mill.  The  scenery  of  this 
place  is  bold  and  romantic.     Pop.  in  1890,  709. 

Puuta  Arenas,  poon'ti  i-ri'nds,  a  town,  capital  of 
the  Chilian  colony  of  Magallanes,  on  the  Strait  of  Magellan, 
and  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Brunswick  Peninsula.  It  is  a 
convict-settlement,  and  near  it  are  coal-mines,  to  which  a 
railway  extends.     Pop.  915. 

Punta  del  Castillo,  Honduras.  See  Cape  Honduras. 

Punta  de  Piedra,  poon'ti  dA  pe-i'dr4  (i.e.,  "stony 
point"),  a  maritime  town  of  Venezuela,  70  miles  E.  of  Cu- 
mana,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 

Punta  di  Stilo,  poon'ti  dee  stee'lo  (anc.  Cocin'thum, 
or  Gocin' turn),  a  point  or  cape  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  on  the 
S.E.  coast,  in  lat.  38°  28'  N.,  Ion.  16°  36'  E. 

Punta  Esprada,  poon'ti  Ss-pi'Di,  a  promontory  at 
the  E.  end  of  Hayti,  in  lat.  12°  4'  N.,  Ion.  71°  10'  W. 

Punta  Liana,  poon'ti  li'ni,  a  town  of  the  Canaries, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Palma.     Pop.  1782. 

Punta  Lorna,  poon'ti  loK'ni,  the  W.  promontory 
forming  the  entrance  to  the  port  of  San  Diego,  on  the 
Pacific  coast  of  tho  United  States,  in  lat.  32°  39'  30"  N. 

Pun'ta  Ras'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ela., 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  mouth  of  Caloosahatchee 
River.  Here  the  telegraph  for  the  West  Indies  leaves  the 
mainland.  Many  cattle  are  shipped  hence,  and  extensive 
fisheries  are  here  carried  on. 

Puntas  Arenas,  poon'tis  i-ri'nis,  a  port  of  Costa 
Rica,  Central  America,  on  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya.  It  has  a 
good  harbor  and  an  active  trade. 

Punto  Gallo,  a  town  of  Ceylon.     See  Galle. 

Punt  Prith'ee  Nid'hee,  or  Pant  Pradinidhi, 
punt  priiTH'ee-nid'hee,  or  Oundh,  Swnd'h,  one  of  the  Sat- 
tarah  states,  India.     Area,  213  square  miles.    Pop.  68,335. 

Punt  (or  Pant)  Sucheo,  piint  soo-chi'o,  also  called 
Bhore,  or  Bhor,  b'hore,  one  of  the  Sattarah  states  of 
India.     Area,  1200  square  miles.     Pop.  136,075. 

Punukka,  a  town  of  India.     See  Poonukka. 

Punx'ataw'ney,  or  Punxsutawney,  a  post- 
borough  of  .Iefi"erson  co..  Pa.,  in  Young  township,  on 
Mahoning  Creek,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona,  and  15 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Brookville.  It  has  2  newspaper  ofQces,  a 
bank,  3  churches,  and  a  foundry.  It  is  underlaid  by  bitu- 
minous coal.     Pop.  in  1880,  674  j  in  1890,  2792. 

Fupelium,  the  Latin  name  of  Potiguo. 

Pur,  Siberia  and  India.     See  Poor. 

Purac6,  poo-ri-si',  a  peak  of  the  Andes,  in  the  repub- 
lic of  Colombia;     Lat.  2°  20'  N.      Height,  17,034  feet. 

Purac6,  or  Pusambio,  poo-sim'be-o,  a  village  of 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Popayan,  on 
the  volcano  of  Purao6,  by  an  eruption  of  which,  in  1827, 
it  was  temporarily  destroyed. 

Purantej,  a  town  of  India.    See  Parrauntasb. 

Puratin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Poorateen. 

Purbeck,  Isle  of,  England.    See  Isle  of  Purbeck. 

Purcell,  pur-sell',  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  deep  channel  about 
2  miles  wide,  in  lat.  46°  56'  20"  S. 

Pnr^cell',  a  post-town  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  Ind.  Ten, 
on  the  Canadian  River,  171  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fort  Worth, 
Texas.  It  has  5  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  Academy 
of  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  2000. 


Pur'cellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loadoon  co.,  Va.,  oi 
the  Washington  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  about  60  milea  W.N.W 
of  Washington,  B.C.  It  has  a  foandry,  with  machine- 
shop,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pur'chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Harrison  township,  4  miles  from  Rye  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  25  miles  from  New  York.     It  has  3  churches. 

Purchase  Line,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa., 
about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Purchena,  pooR-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Almanzor. 

Pur'din,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Linneus. 

Purdue,  Madison  co.,  Ind.    See  QiLUAif. 

PurMy,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Bethel  Station  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  the  Purdy  Institute.     Pop.  about  450. 

Purdy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in  Sterling 
township,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  Iowa.  It  has  a  church. 

Puray  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hartsville  township, 
Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Hornellsville. 

Purdy  Island,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  belongs  to 
the  Nuyts  Archipelago. 

Purdy  Islands,  a  group  in  the  South  Pacific,  S.  of  the 
Admiralty  Islands.    Lat.  2°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  15'  E. 

Purdy's,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Midland 
Railroad,  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Purdy's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.," 
N.Y.,  on  the  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem 
Railroad,  46i  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Grand  Central  De^ot, 
New  York.  It  has  2  churches,  a  factory  for  condensed  milk, 
and  about  60  houses.     Pop.  about  350. 

Pur'dyville,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Purine,  the  Greek  name  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Pur'fleet,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  situated 
on  an  eminence  beside  the  Thames,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
London.  It  has  a  small  pier  for  steamers,  and  a  large  gov- 
ernment powder-magazine. 

Pur'gatory  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre 
de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  near  the  source 
of  the  Purgatory  River.     It  has  an  altitude  of  13,719  feet. 

Purgatory  River  (Fr.  Purgatoire,  pilR^giHwaR'),  Col- 
orado, rises  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
near  Purgatory  Peak.  It  runs  northeastward,  intersects 
Las  Animas  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Bent 
CO.,  about  1  mile  below  West  Las  Animas.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  170  miles.     Coal  is  found  very  near  this  river. 

Pur'gitsville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Puri,  India.    See  Juggernaut,  and  Pooree. 

Purilicacion,  poo-re-fe-ki-se-5n',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colima. 

Purificacion,  poo-re-fe-ki-se-5n',  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Magdalena  River,  72  miles 
S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Puris'sima,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal. 

Purkersdorf,  Austria.     See  Burkersdorp. 

Pur'lear's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Pur'ley,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C. 

Purmerend,  piiR'mQh-r£nt\  a  town  of  the  Nethei 
lands,  in  North  Holland,  on  the  North  Holland  Canal,  10 
miles  N.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  4628.     It  has  large  markets 
for  cattle  and  cheese. 

Purneah,  or  Purniah,  pur'ne-%,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
capital  of  Purneah  district,  230  miles  N.W.  of  Calcutta. 
Lat.  25°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  35'  E.  The  town  contains  sev- 
eral suburban  villages,  and  has  an  area  of  15  square  miles. 
It  has  greatly  declined  in  importance.     Pop.  16,057. 

Purneah,  or  Purniah,  a  district  of  Bengal,  province 
of  Bahar.  Lat.  25°  15'-26°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  2'-88°  36'  E. 
Area,  4957  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  partly 
by  Nepaul,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Ganges.  It  is  nearly  all 
level  and  alluvial,  the  E.  part  being  very  fertile,  and  the 
W.  adapted  to  grazing.    Capital,  Purneah.    Pop.  1,714,695. 

Pur'ple  Cane,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb. 

Pur'pleville,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Purruah,  par'roo^^,  properly  called  Panduah,  a 
ruined  town  of  Bengal,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Dinagepoor,  in  lat. 
25°  20'  N.,  Ion.  88°  14'  E. 

Purs'ley,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Purulia,  or  Perulia,  pur-oo'le-^  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Manbhoom  district.'  Lat.  23°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  86* 
26'  E.  It  has  court-houses  and  other  good  public  buildings, 
a  hospital,  and  a  good  local  trade.     Pop.  5695. 

Purus,  poo'rooce',  Puru,  poo-roo',  or  Cuchivara, 
koo-che-vi'ra,  a  river  of  South  America,  rises  in  Peru 


PUK 


2232 


PUT 


flows  N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  1900  miles,  joins  the  Ama- 
zon in  lat.  4°  S.,  Ion.  61°  W.  At  its  junction  with  the  Ama- 
zon it  is  scarcely  inferior  in  size  to  that  river.  It  is  said 
to  be  navigable  for  steamboats  for  more  than  1200  miles. 

Puruvesiy  poo-roo-v&'see,  a  lake  of  Bussia,  in  Fin- 
land, in  the  S.  of  the  circle  of  Euopio.     Length,  24  miles. 

Pur'viS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Morsston  Depot, 
and  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

PnrriS)  a  station  in  Nansemond  co.,  Ya.,  on  the  Sea- 
board &,  Roanoke  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Suffolk.  Here  is 
Buckhorn  Post-OflBoe. 

Purwa,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pooewa. 

Purwan,  piir-win',  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  in  lat.  35°  9'  N.,  Ion.  69°  16'  E. 

Pusambio,  a  village  of  South  America.     See  PuRAci. 

Piischlav,  the  German  name  of  PoscHiAvo. 

Pushe'ta,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  1290. 

Pushkar^  a  town  of  India.     See  Pokur. 

Pushmataha,  push'ma-ta-haw',  a  post-village  of 
Choctaw  CO.,  Ala.,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Meridian,  Miss.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Push  Through)  a  port  of  entry  and  fishing  settlement 
n  the  district  of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from 
Baultois.     Pop.  145. 

Piispok-Ladany,  ptis^pok'  15h*diB',  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 7  miles  S.W.  of  Nadudvar.     Pop.  7839. 

Puspoky,  piis^pok'ee  (Qer.  BUachdorf,  blish'doHf),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Presburg. 

Pusterthaly  pSSs't^r-t&r,  a  district  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  Tyrol,  watered  by  the  head-streams  of  the  Drave  and 
Adige.     Chief  town,  Bruneck. 

Pust-Ozersk,  Russia.    See  Poost-Ozersk. 

Putah,  poo'ta,  a  township  of  Yolo  co..  Col.    Pop.  1412. 

Putah  Creek,  California,  rises  in  Lake  co.,  and  inter- 
sects Napa  CO.  It  finally  runs  eastward,  forms  the  S. 
boundary  of  Yolo  co.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River 
about  6  miles  below  Sacramento. 

Putalama,  the  native  name  of  Pctlau. 

Putavl,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Pootitl. 

Putbus,  p55t'b55s,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  the  island  of 
Rugen,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bergen.     Pop.  1340. 

Pu-Tchu,  a  city  of  China.     See  Poo-Choo. 

Puteaux,  pii^to',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  7  miles 
W.  of  Paris,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Paris  &  Versailles 
Railway.     Pop.  11,387. 

Puteolanus  Sinus,  Italy.    See  Naples,  Bat  of. 

Puteoli,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  PozzuoLi. 

Puti,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Poti. 

Putignano,  poo-teen-y&'no,  orPutiglano,  poo-teel- 
yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles  S.E.  of  Bari. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  woollens.     Pop.  10,074. 

Put>iu-Bay,  a  post-office  and  anchorage  of  Ottawa 
CO.,  0.,  on  Lake  Erie,  in  the  Wine  Island  group,  between 
Middle  Bass  and  South  Bass  Islands,  13  miles  from  Port 
Clinton,  and  40  miles  E.  of  Toledo.  It  is  in  a  township  of 
its  own  name,  which  contains  extensive  vineyards  and  man- 
ufactures of  wine.  It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort,  and  has 
a  fishery.  Commodore  Perry  gained  an  important  victory 
over  the  British  near  this  place,  September  10,  1813.  Pop. 
of  township,  1148. 

Putivl,  or  Putyvl,  Russia.    See  Pootivl. 

Put'lam,  or  Put'ilam  (native,  Putalama,  poo-t4-li'- 
mS,),  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  lagoon  of  its  W.  coast,  75  miles 
N.  of  Colombo.     It  has  salt-works. 

Put'uam,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  776  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Saint  John's  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  partly 
occupied  by  lakes,  marshes,  and  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cattle,  sugar-cane,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  four 
railroads,  which  centre  at  Palatka,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3821;  in  1880,  6261;  in  1890,  11,186. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  335  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Oconee  River,  and  intersected  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is  found  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and 
the  Middle  Georgia  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  Eatonton,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,461;  in  1880,  14,539;  in  1890,  14,842. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  170  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  River.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 


level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Hennepin.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6280;  in  1880,  5554;  in  1890,  4730. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Eel  River  and  Mill  and  Raccoon  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries 
of  good  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur 
&,  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad.  Capital,  Greencastle.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,514 ;  in 
1880,  22,501 ;  in  1890,  22,335. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  542  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chariton  River,  and  is  drained 
by  3  branches  of  Locust  Creek,  namely,  the  East,  Middle, 
and  West  Locust.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian com,  hay,  cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Kansas  City  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <k  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  the  former  of  which  connects  with  Union- 
ville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,217;  in  1880,  13,555; 
in  1890, 15,366. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
ders on  Connecticut.  Area,  about  241  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Croton  River  and  Peekskill  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Among  its  remarkable 
features  are  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  and  Lake  Ma- 
bopac,  a  place  of  summer  resort.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Hay,  Indian  com,  milk,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Marble  is  found  in  this  county,  which  also  has  rich  mines 
of  iron  ore.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  New 
York  Central  <fc  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  by  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad  and  the  New  York  & 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Carmel.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,420 ; 
in  1880,  15,181;  in  1890,  14,849. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Auglaize  River,  and  also  drained  by  Blanchard's  Fork  and 
the  Ottawa  River.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Black  Swamp. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  noble  forests 
of  the  white  oak,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  ash, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  hay, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton 
Railroad,  the  Findlay,  Fort  Wayne  &  Western  Railroad, 
and  the  Miami  and  Erie  Canals.  Capital,  Ottawa.  Pop.  in 
1870,  17,081;  in  1880,  23,713;  in  1890,  30,188. 

Putnam,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  430  square  miles.  The  Cumberland  River  touches 
its  N.W.  extremity.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak, 
walnut,  yellow  poplar,  &c.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is 
found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the 
Nashville  &  Knoxville  Railroad.  Capital,  Cookeville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8698;  in  1880,  11,501;  in  1890,  13,683. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Great  Kanawha  River.  The  Ohio  River  runs  very 
near  the  W.  part  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  minerals  are  coal  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Kan- 
awha &  Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Winfield.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7794;  in  1880,  11,375;  in  1890,  14,342. 

Putnam,  a  post-village  in  Putnam  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinnebaug  River,  and  on  the  Norwich 
&  Worcester  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Eastern 
division  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Norwich,  and  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Worcester. 
It  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
5  cotton-factories,  2  woollen-mills,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  about  2000;  of  township  (1890),  6612. 

Putnam,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.     Pop.  2136 

Putnam,  Putnam  co.,  HI,    See  Snachwine. 

Putnam,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Independence.     Pop.  710. 


I 


PUT 


2233 


PYR 


Putnam^  a  township  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa.     Pup.  799. 
Putnam,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop. 
409.     It  contains  Soipio. 

Putnam,  &  township  of  Liringston  oo.,  Mioh.  P.  1242. 
Putnam,  a  former  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
the  W.  bank  of  Muskingum  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
iiicking  River.     It  is  now  the  9th  ward  of  Zanesville,  with 
rhich  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  over  the  Muskingum. 

Putnam,  a  pust-village  in  Putnam  township,  Washing- 

iD  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  Rensselaer 

;  Saratoga  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Whitehall.     The  town- 

lip  has  a  mountainous  surface,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W. 

by  Lake  George.     Pop.  of  the  township,  568. 

Putnam,  a  post- village  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railway,  129  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and 
miles  E.  of  Abilene.     Pop.  300. 
Putnam,  originally  Dor'chester,  a  post-village  in 
Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  IngersoII.     Pop.  150. 
Putnam  Court-House,  W.  Va.     See  Winpield. 
Putnam  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
tie  Georgia  Southern  &  Florida  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W. 
Palatka. 

Putnam  Heights,  a  post-office  of  Windham  oo.,  Conn. 

Putnam,  Mount,  Idaho.    See  Mount  Putnam. 

Putnam   Valley,   a  post-township  of  Putnam  co., 

•Y.     Pop.  1845.    Putnam  Valley  Post-Office  is  at  Oregon. 

Put'namville,  a   post-village    in   Warren   township, 

*utnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deep  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New 

Ubany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Greencastle.     It 

3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  &c.     Pop.  219. 

Putuamville,  an   outlying   portion  of  the   town   of 

)anvers,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 

10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.     Pop.  about  500,  largely  en- 

»ged  in  the  manufacture  of  shoes. 

Put'ney,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Chames,  opposite  Fulham,  and  on  a  railway,  6i  miles  W.S.W. 
»f  St.  Paul's,  London.  Pop.  (1891)  17,771. 
Put'ney,  a  post- village  in  Putney  township,  Windham 
I.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Central  Ver- 
lont  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Brattleborough,  and  13 
ailes  W.  of  Keene,  N.H.  It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-fac- 
»ry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  1  or  2  paper-mills.  The  township 
i&a  quarries  of  roofing-slate.     Pop.  of  township,  1167. 

Putney  Heights,  a  hamlet  in  Stratford  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonio  River,  3i  miles  from 
Stratford  Station.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber, 
and  vinegar. 

Put'neyville,  a  post-village  in  Mahoning  township, 
Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on  Mahoning  Creek,  5  miles  S.  of  New 
Bethlehem  Station.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  leather  and  lumber. 

Puto,  an  island  of  China.     See  Pooto. 
Putrid  Sea,  Russia.     See  Sivasb. 
Putte,  put't^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  16 
miles  S.E.  by  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop;  3149. 

Puttee,  piitHee',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  12  miles  W.  of 
the  Beas,  and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  5000. 

PutHeea'la,  or  Patiala,  piltHee-i'la,  a  native  state 
of  India,  partly  on  the  Sirhind  plain,  and  partly  to  the  N., 
among  the  Sutlej  states.  Area,  5412  square  miles.  Pop. 
about  1,586,000.  It  is  a  very  productive  region,  governed 
by  a  tributary  maharajah.  The  capital,  Putteeala,  is  a 
populous  and  well-built  town,  125  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi. 
Puttelange,  piitH9h-l6Nzh',  or  Piittlingen,  piitt'- 
ling-§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Saargemiind.     Pop.  1881. 

Putten,  pilt't^n,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  in  the  Mouse,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam. 

Putten,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  6 
miles  S.  of  Harderwick.     Pop.  of  commune,  4346. 

Pnttershoek,  put't§rs-hook^  or  Pietershoek,  pee'- 
t^rs-hook^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
4  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dort.     Pop.  1859. 

Puttoola-Killu.     See  Futtoolah-Killa. 
PutHun',  or  Patau,  piit^iin',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ba- 
roda,  on  the  river  Saraswati,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Palanpoor. 
Pop.  31,523. 
Puttun  Somnauth,  India.    See  Sohnauth. 
Putumayo,  poo-too-mi'o,  or  19a,  ee'si,  a  river  of 
Ecuador,  rises  near  Pasto,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Amazon 
at  Ipa.     Total  course,  700  miles. 

Putzig,  pSSt'siG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  26  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Danizic,  on  the  Gulf  of  Dantzio.     Pop.  2201. 

Putzig,    Bay  of,  the  western   arm  of   the   Gulf  of 
Dantzic,  separated  from  the  Baltic  by  a  long  and  narrow 
tongue  of  land.     Length,  20  miles. 
141 


Pny,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lb  Pdy. 

Poyallup,  or  Puyaliop,  pu-all'up,  a  small  river  of 
Pierce  co.,  Washington,  rises  near  the  base  of  Mount 
Rainier,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  Puget  Sound  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Steilacoom  City. 

Puyallup,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Puyallup  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Lakeview  Station. 
It  has  2  saw-mills.     Hop-growing  is  the  chief  employment. 

Puycerda,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Puiocerda. 

Puy-de-D6me,pwee-d9h-d5m',amountain  of  France, 
near  the  centre  of  the  department  to  which  it  gives  name. 
Height  above  the  sea,  4806  feet.  It  is  the  chief  peak  of  a 
volcanic  group  covering  about  80  square  miles  and  at- 
tached on  the  S.  by  a  series  of  basaltic  peaks,  or  puys,  to 
the  great  mass  of  Mont  d'Or.  It  is  almost  bare  of  trees, 
but  has  good  pasturage  on  its  sides. 

Puy-de-D6me,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  Auvergne.  Area,  3039  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  564,266.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
contains  a  great  number  of  puys,  or  peaks,  the  chief  of 
which  are  the  Mont  d'Or  and  the  Puy-de-D8me.  Between 
the  mountains  extend  rich  valleys,  and  that  of  Limagne  is 
celebrated  for  its  fine  vegetation.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  AUier,  and  its  affluent  the  Dore.  The  chief  mineral 
products  are  coal,  antimony,  silver,  alum,  lead,  iron,  and 
marble.  There  are  many  mineral  springs  in  the  depart- 
ment, the  most  celebrated  of  which  is  that  of  Mont  d'Or. 
The  department  has  manufactures  of  linens,  woollens, 
paper,  hardware,  leather,  and  cutlery.  It  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Ambert,  Clermont,  Issoire,  Riom, 
and  Thiers.     Capital,  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Puy  Guillaume,  pwee  ghee^yom'  or  gheePySm',  a 
town  of  France,  Puy-de-D8me,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Thiers. 

Puy-la-Roque,  pwee-l&-rok',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Montauban.   Pop.  1135. 

Pnylaurens,  pweeMo^rfts™',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Lavaur.     Pop.  5649. 

Puy  l'£veque,  pwee  liVSk',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Cahors,  on  the  Lot.     Pop.  1241. 

Puymirol,  pwee^meeVol',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  8  miles  E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1508. 

Puzol,  poo-thol'.  a  village  of  Spain,  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  2693. 

Puzzuoli,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Pozzuoli. 

Pvavers,  Switzerland.     See  Ppeffers. 

Pwllheli,  poo«A^h4'lee,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  on 
Cardigan  Bay,  co.  and  19  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Carnar- 
von. Pop.  7020.  It  has  a  workhouse,  and  a  good  harbor 
for  vessels  of  60  tons,  and  is  frequented  by  sea-bathers.  It 
unites  with  Carnarvon,  Bangor,  Conway,  Crickeith,  and 
Nevin  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Py'burn's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  18  miles  from  Corinth,  Miss. 

Pye's  Corners.    See  Cornwall. 

Pyiae,  a  pass  of  Greece.     See  ThermopyljK. 

Pyle-Rood-Bar,  or  Pyle-Rudbar,  pil-rood^bar', 
a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan,  in  a  pass  of  the  El- 
brooz  Mountains,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Reshd. 

Pylesviile,  pilz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  00.,  Ma., 
about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  mine  of  asbestos. 

Pylstaart,  pil'st&rt,  or  Sola,  so'li,  an  island  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  S.S.W."  of  the  Friendly  Isles,  in  lat.  22°  0' 
S.,  Ion.  176°  4'  W. 

Pymatu'ning  Creek  rises  in  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  runs 
southward  through  Trumbull  co.,  passes  thence  into  Penn- 
sylvania, and  enters  the  Shenango  River  in  Mercer  00., 
about  7  miles  above  Sharon. 

Pymo'sa,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  776. 

Pynacker,  pi'n&k^k^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  3  miles  E.  of  Delft.     Pop.  1830. 

Pyracmium,  the  ancient  name  of  Piuaino. 

Pyr'amid,  a  post-office  of  Washoe  co.,  Nev. 

Pyramid  Lalke,  Nevada,  is  in  Roop  co.,  near  the  E. 
base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  5  miles  from  the 
boundary  of  California.  It  is  partly  surrounded  by  high 
precipices  and  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  no  visible  out- 
let. It  is  about  33  miles  long  and  12  miles  wide.  Its  sur- 
face is  nearly  4000  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  Truckee  River  enters  this  lake. 

Pyramid  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Moun- 
tains, in  lat.  39°  5'  N.,  Ion.  106°  57'  W.  It  has  an  altitude 
of  13,885  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Pyramids,  plr'^-midz.  The  (Fr.  Les  Pyramides,  14 
pee^rJ^meed'),  the  name  given  to  a  number  of  remarkable 
sepulchral  monuments  (amounting  in  all  to  above  60) 
erected  by  the  ancient  Egyptians.     The  most  deserving  of 


PYR 


2234 


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i 


notice  are  called  the  Pyramids  of  Gheezeh,  situated  about 
12  miles  S.W.  %{  Cairo  and  5  or  6  miles  from  Gheezeh,  and 
consisting  of  two  large  and  several  smaller  pyramids.  The 
Great  Pyramid,  otherwise  called  the  Pyramid  of  Cheops 
(kee'ops),  has  a  square  base,  each  side  of  which  measures 
673  feet  ,*  the  vertical  height  is  456  feet.  On  the  top  is  a 
platform  more  than  30  feet  square.  Were  the  pyramid 
continued  to  an  apex,  the  height  would  be  about  479  feet. 
Many  of  the  stones  of  which  it  is  built  are  nearly  4  feet 
thick,  8  or  9  feet  long,  and  above  6  feet  wide.  The  Great 
Pyramid  contains  near  its  centre  several  considerable  cham- 
bers, though  small  compared  with  the  size  of  the  entire 
structure.  The  Pyramid  of  Cephren,  the  second  in  size, 
has  a  base  684  feet  square,  with  a  vertical  height  of  456 
feet.  The  Pyramids  of  Gheezeh  stand  on  a  terrace  or 
plateau  of  limestone  rock,  and  the  greater  part  of  the 
stones,  being  of  the  same  material,  are  supposed  to  have 
been  obtained  from  quarries  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 
All  the  pyramids  are  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nile, 
and  some  of  the  smaller  ones  have  become  partially  or 
entirely  covered  with  the  sands  from  the  desert. 

Pyramus,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Jthoon. 

Pyrenees,  plr'^n-eez  (Fr.  Pyr6nies,  pee'ri^ni';  Sp. 
Pirineos,  pe-re-ni'oce ;  Ger.  Pyren'den,  pe-r^-ni'^n;  L. 
Pyrense'i  Man' tea,  or  Pyre'ne  ;  Gr.  IIvp^i^,  Purene),  a  lofty 
mountain-chain,  forming  the  boundary  between  France 
and  Spain,  and  stretching  across  the  whole  of  the  isthmus 
which  connects  the  Spanish  peninsula  with  the  rest  of  the 
European  continent  and  abuts  with  one  extremity  at  the 
Mediterranean  and  the  other  at  the  Atlantic.  Its  length, 
♦"rom  Cape  Creux,  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Rosas,  to  the  point  or 

Eromontory  near  Fontarabia,  is  nearly  270  miles ;  and  its 
readth  near  the  centre,  where  it  is  greatest,  scarcely  ex- 
ceeds a  third  of  the  length,  or  90  miles.  On  the  W.  the 
chain  is  continued,  under  the  name  of  the  Cantabrian  Moun- 
tains, across  the  N.  of  Spain,  nearly  to  Cape  Finisterre, 
though  the  direction  of  the  Pyrenees  is  E.S.E.  and  W.N.W. 
They  do  not  lie  in  the  same  straight  line,  but  rather  con- 
sist of  two  lines,  which  form  parallel  ridges  about  20  miles 
distant  from  each  other,  except  near  the  centre,  where  they 
become  united  by  means  of  a  remarkable  rectangular  elbow, 
in  which  some  of  the  loftiest  summits  are  found.  The  de- 
scent on  the  S.  side  is  much  more  abrupt  than  on  the  N., 
but  far  surpasses  it  in  the  boldness  and  grandeur  of  its 
scenery.  The  Pyrenees  are  among  the  highest  mountains 
of  Europe;  the  summit  of  the  chain  forms  a  curved  line 
with  a  mean  altitude  of  7990  feet.  Its  culminating  point. 
Pic  Nethou,  or  Maladetta,  has  the  height  of  11,168  feet, 
and  a  great  number  of  peaks  in  the  same  h>cality  exceed 
8500  feet.  To  the  E.  of  the  centre  the  chain  lowers  rapidly. 
To  the  W.  many  peaks  have  heights  varying  from  5000  to 
7000  feet  and  even  8000  feet.  There  are  numerous  passes 
in  the  Pyrenees,  which  take,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  chain,  the 
name  of  Cols,  and  towards  the  centre  that  of  Ports.  The 
most  frequented  are  those  of  Pertus  and  La  Perche  in  the 
E.,  and  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port  in  the  W.  The  azoic  forma- 
tion is  less  extensive  than  in  the  Alps;  it  consists  of 
granite,  micaceous  schist,  and  limestone,  which  form  a  con- 
tinuous band,  stretching  three-fourths  across  the  isthmus. 
The  bulk  of  the  system  is  composed  of  secondary  rocks, 
which  are  arranged  in  vertical  bands  flanking  the  older 
rocks,  and  consist  of  olay-slate,  graywacke,  and  blue  lime- 


stone. The  oolite  and  chalk  formations  occur  on  the  lower 
part  of  the  chain. 

Snow  lies  deep  in  the  Pyrenees  during  a  great  part  of  the 
year,  and  is  perpetual  on  the  higher  points.  The  elevation 
of  the  snow-line  is  8000  feet.  From  the  Marbor6  to  Mala- 
detta the  summits  are  covered  with  broad  bands  of  ice;  yet 
no  true  glaciers  have  been  discovered.  Grain  grows  in  some 
of  the  upper  valleys,  maize  is  cultivated  at  an  elevation  of 
3280  feet,  and  the  pine-tree  grows  at  10,870  feet  above  the 
sea.  The  principal  summits  are  Pic  Nethou  (Maladetta), 
11,168  feet;  Mont  Perdu,  10,950  feet;  the  Vignemale,  10,820 
feet;  Pic  du  Midi,  9540  feet;  and  Canigou,  9137  feet. 

The  principal  passes  of  the  Pyrenees  are,  from  E.  to  W., 
Port  d'Oo,  9843  feet;  BrSche  de  Roland,  9500  feet;  Es- 
taub6, 8402  feet;  Tourmalet,  7143  feet;  and  Gavarnie,  7654 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  chief  rivers  rising  ic 
the  Pyrenees  are  the  Adour,  Garonne,  and  Aude,  flowin;;! 
N.,  and  the  Llobregat,  and  numerous  affluents  of  the  Ebro, 
flowing  S. 

Pyrenees,  Australian.    See  Victoria  (colony), 

Pyr^n^es-Orientales,  pee^ri^nAz'-o^re-AN»^t&l',  a 
department  in  the  S.  of  France,  bounded  E.  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  comprised  in  the  old  provinces  of  Roussillon  and 
Langnedoo.  Area,  1571  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  210,125. 
The  Pyrenees  on  the  S.  separate  the  department  from  Spain, 
and  connect  it  with  their  contreforts ;  the  highest  point  in 
the  department  is  Canigou,  9137  feet  high.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Tet,  Agly,  and  Aude,  flowing  E.  to  the  Mediterranean, 
the  Ari6ge,  affluent  of  the  Garonne,  and  the  Segre,  affluent 
of  the  Ebro.  On  the  coast  are  the  marshes  of  Leucate  and 
Saint- Nazaire,  and  the  ports  Collioure,  Port  Vendres,  and 
Bagnols.  The  soil  contains  iron,  antimony,  fine  marble,  and 
mineral  springs.  The  orange  grows  here  on  espaliers.  The 
wines  of  Roussillon  are  esteemed.  Wool,  live-stock,  cut- 
lery, cloth,  and  leather  are  leading  articles  of  export.  The 
department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  C6ret, 
Perpignan,  and  Prades.     Capital,  Perpignan. 

Pyrenneos,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil.  See  Perimeos. 

Pyrgo,j)ir'go  or  pgSr'go,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Morea, 
17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gastouni,  near  the  coast.  It  has  a  good 
bazaar,  and  some  export  trade  in  rural  produce,  and  im- 
ports manufactured  goods.     Pop.  10,000. 

Pyritz,  pee'rits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Stettin.  Pop.  7442.  It  has  manufactures  of 
Tfoollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Pyrmont,  pSeR'mont,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Waldeok, 
capital  of  the  detached  principality  of  Pyrmont,  in  a  valley, 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.  Pop.  1397.  It  is  noted  for  its 
mineral  springs.     See  Waldeck. 

Pyr'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wild  Cat  River,  about  13  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lafayette. 

Pyrmont,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  Mo. 

Pyrmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  3  miles 
from  Brookville  Railroad  Station,  and  about  15  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Dayton.    It  has  2  churches. 

Pyroxene  (pir'px-een)  Peak,  Montana,  is  in  Madison 
CO.,  between  the  Madison  River  and  Passamari  Creek.  It 
is  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  a  range  to  which  Old  Baldy 
belongs.    Its  height  is  estimated  at  9000  feet. 

Pysht,  a  post-office  of  Clallam  co.,  AVashington. 

Pyxns,  an  ancient  name  of  Policastro. 

Pyzdry,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Peisern. 


Q. 


Qaherah,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Cairo. 

Qen6,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Eeneh. 

Qoceyr,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Kosseir. 

Qaa,  kw&,  a  mountain  of  Guinea,  E.  of  the  Cameroons 
estuary,  64  miles  N.W.  of  the  peak  of  Cameroons.  Lat.  5° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  50'  E.     Height,  5000  feet. 

Quack'en  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Grafton  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Albany. 

Quaco,  kw4'ko,  a  light-house  containing  a  revolving 
light,  is  on  a  small  rock  off  Quaco  Head,  on  the  Bay  of 
Pundy,  on  the  coast  of  New  Brunswick,  in  lat.  46°  18'  N., 
Ion.  65°  32'  30"  W. 

Quaco,  or  Collina,  kol-le'na,  a  village  and  headland 
of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  St.  John,  on  the  N.  sh  jre  of  the 


Bay  of  Fundy,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  John.  It  conUlns 
several  churches,  stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  ship-yards.  II 
is  one  of  the  chief  ship-building  places  in  the  province. 

Quade,  a  seaport  of  Arabia.    See  Gkane, 

Quadra  and  Vancouver  Island.    See  Vancouver. 

Quadrata,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Crescbntiko. 

Quadrelle,  kwi-drfil'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  1233, 

Qusenanger  (or  Quftnanger)  Fiord,  kwi'ningV 
fe-ORd',  a  lake  of  Norway,  in  Finmark,  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Altengaard. 

Quakake,  kw4-kaik',  or  Quakake  Junction,  a 
village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in  Rush  township,  on  the 
Catawissa  <fc  Williamsport  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 


QUA 


2235 


QUA 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  8  or  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mahauoy 
City,  and  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua.    It  has  2  churches. 
Quakake  Creek,  of  Carbon  oo.,  Pa.,  flows  into  the 
Lehigh  River. 

Quakenbriick,  kw&'k^n-briik^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  29  miles  N.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  2180. 
^^    Qua'ker  Ba'ttin,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  3 
^■■Bles  from  Be  Ruyter.     It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory, 
^^■^rist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

^H^  Quaker  Bottom,  a  post-village  in  Union  township, 
^^Bawrenoe  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  Biver,  1  mile  from  Guyan- 
^Hbtte,  W.  Ya.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
^^■id  a  high  school.    Pop.  about  400. 

^Ir  Quaker  City  (formerly  Mill'wood),  a  post-village  in 
Millwood  township,  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio 
division  of  the  Baltimore  i,  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  by 

I  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
ice,  2  churches,  and  several  coal-mines.    P.  1890,  846. 
Qaaker  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 
Quaker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  about 
miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 
Quaker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
les  from  Pawling  Station. 
Quaker  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Saratoga  township,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Albany.      It 
has  a  church  and  several  sulphur  springs. 

Quaker  Street,  a  post-village  in  Duanesburg  town- 
ship, Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susqiiehanna 
Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Albany.  A  branch  railroad  ex- 
tends from  this  place  to  Schenectady.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Qua'kertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Quakertown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township, 
Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  2  churches. 

QuakertOAVH,  a  post-borough  in  Richland  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  17  miles  S.  of  Bethlehem.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  2  manufactories  of  coaches,  2  of  cigars,  2  of  boots  and 
shoes,  and  manufactories  of  stoves,  organs,  and  threshing- 
machines.     Pop.  in  1880,  1769;  in  1890,  2169. 

Quakertown,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lawrence  Branch  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown,  0. 

Qualischt,  kw&'lisht  (written  also  Kwallisch  ?),  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Koniggratz. 

Qual'ity  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Canastota.     It  has  a  church.     Post-office,  Lenox. 

Quality  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  20 
miles  fiom  Russeliville. 

Qual'latown,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Jackson 
CO.,  N.C,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Webster.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  1697,  of  whom  711  are  Cherokee  Indians. 

Qualde,  an  island  of  Norway.     See  HvalSe. 

Quampanissa,  kw&m-p&-ni8's&,  a  town  of  Dahomey, 
207  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Abomey.  Lat.  10°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  2° 
30'  E.     Pop.  12,000. 

Qu^uanger Fiord,  Norway.    See  QuiSKANeKR  Fiord. 

Quandahl,  kw&n'd&U,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  oo^, 
Iowa,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Decorah.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Quan'dary  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  39°  24'  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  W.  It  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,269  feet.     It  is  3  miles  from  Mount  Lincoln. 

Quang-Ping,  or  Kouang-Ping,  kw&ng'ping',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  240  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Peking.     It  has  numerous  temples. 

Quang-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Koei-Choo, 
80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Koei-Yang. 

Quang-See,  Quang-Si,  Kwang-Si,  or 
Kouang-Si,  kwing^see'  (t.e.,  the  "western  extent,"  or 
"western  province"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  22° 
and  26°  N.  and  Ion.  105°  and  112°  30'  E.,  having  S.W. 
Tonquin,  and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Quang-Tong, 
Hoo-Nan,  Ac.  Pop.  7,313,896.  Surface  mostly  mountain- 
ous. Nearly  all  its  rivers  join  the  Choo-Kiang,  which  has 
an  E.  course  and  ultimately  becomes  the  Canton  River. 
Principal  products,  cassia,  grain,  metals,  and  gems.  Chief 
city,  Khing-Yuan. 

Quang-See,  Quang-Si,  or  Kwang-Si,  kw&ng- 
see',  a  city  of  China,  province  and  75  miles  S.E.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Quang-Sin-Foo,  or  Konang-Sin>Fon,  kwing'- 
ein^foo',  a  walled  town  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See. 
Lat.  28°  30'  N.;  Ion.  118°  10'  E. 

Quang-Tong,  kw&ngHong',  Konang-Tonng,  or 


Kwang-Tuug,  kw&ngHoong'  (i.e.,  the  "  eastern  extent," 
or  "  eastern  province"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  20° 
and  25°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  108°  and  117°  E.,  having  W.  and 
N.  Quang-See,  Hoo-Nan,  Kiang-See,  and  Fo-Kien,  and  E. 
and  S.  the  China  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  which  are  sepa- 
rated by  its  peninsula  of  Hooee-Tchoo,  stretching  towards 
Hainan.  Pop.  19,174,030.  Chief  products,  sugar,  tea,  cas- 
sia, betel,  rice,  iron,  silks,  cottons,  grass  cloths,  glass,  stone, 
and  lacquered  wares,  with  a  great  variety  of  other  goods 
made  in  Canton,  the  capital. 

Quauo,  kw&'no,  a  maritime  town  of  Japan,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  56  miles  E.  of  Kioto. 

Qnan'tico,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  9  miles 
W.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  3  churches. 

Qnantico,  a  station  in  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  «t  Po- 
tomac Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Alexandria 
&  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alexandria. 

Quan'tock,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Quan'tock  Hills,  a  range  in  England,  co.  of  Somer 
set,  extending  S.E.  from  the  Bristol  Channel,  near  Watchet, 
to  between  Bridgewater  and  Taunton. 

Quapaw,  kw&'paw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co..  Mo., 
8  miles  from  Baxter  Springs,  Kansas. 

Quarante,  ki'r&^t',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  13 
miles  W.  of  Bgziers.     Pop.  1673. 

Quaregnon,  k&'rSn^yftN°',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2490. 

Quaremont,  kaK^m6N°',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1748. 

Quargnento,  kwaRu-yfin'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Alessandria,  near  Felizzano.     Pop.  2887. 

Quaritz,  kw&'rits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2003. 

Quarnero,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Quarngro. 

Quarouble,  kiVoob'l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Valenciennes,  on  the  Belgian  frontier.  It 
has  tanneries,  &o.     Pop.  2530. 

Quarr6-les-Tombe8,  kaR^R&'-l4-t6Mb,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Avallon. 

Quarri,  or  Konarri,  kwar'ree,  a  town  of  Central 
Africa,  96  miles  E.  of  Saccatoo.     Pop.  6000.  (?) 

Quar'ry,  a  station  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
5  miles  W.  of  Shoals,  Ind. 

Quarry,  a  post-village  in  Le  Grand  township,  Marshall 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  6^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marshalltown.  Here 
is  a  quarry  of  marble,  or  fine  limestone,  which  is  exported. 

Quarry,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Corinne. 

Quarry  Bank,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  3 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Dudley.     Pop.  6332. 

Quarry  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hadley  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Adiron- 
dack Railroad.     Here  is  a  granite-quarry. 

Quarry  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullitt  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  It  has  a  stone-quarry 
and  a  distillery. 

Qnar'ryville,  a  post-office  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  about 
14  miles  E.  of  Hartford. 

Quarryville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wantage  township, 
Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  70  miles  N.W. 
of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Quarryville,  a  post-village  in  Saugerties  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches.    Pop.  about  500.    Here  are  quarries  of  bluestone. 

Quarryville,  a  post- village  in  Eden  township,  Lancas- 
ter CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lancaster  A>  Quarryville  Branch  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  church,  and  ex- 
tensive manufactories  of  lime,  from  limestone  quarried  here. 

Quarteu,  kwaK't^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  a  mountain-spur  above 
the  Lake  of  Wallenstadt.     Pop.  1771. 

Quarto,  kwaR'to,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Cordova,  flows  S.E.,  and  loses  itself  in  a  marsh, 
after  a  course  of  about  280  miles. 

Quarto,  kwaR'to,  or  Quartn,  kwas'too,  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  6209. 

Quartuccio,  kwaR-toot'cho,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  1  mile  N.  of  Quarto.     Pop.  2064. 

Quartz,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  810. 

Quartz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Bois6  oo.,  Idaho. 

Quartz  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana. 

Quas'queton,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Independence.  It  has  3  churches,  a  gradod 
school,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  650. 


QUA 


2236 


QUE 


Quathlamba,  kw&t-l&in'b&,  Kathlamba,  k&t-l&m'- 
b&,  or  Drakeuberg,  dri'k^n-biRG^  a  mountain-range  of 
Africa,  which  stretches  along  the  W.  frontiers  of  Natal. 

Quatre  Bras,  kit'r  bri,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  South  Brabant,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Genappe,  and  10 
miles  from  the  village  of  Waterloo. 

Quatre-Frferes,  kifr-fraia  (i.e.,  "four  brothers"),  a 
group  of  islets  belonging  to  the  Kooril  Islands,  between 
Simooseer.  and  Ooroop.  They  are  barren  lofty  rocks.  The 
southernmost,  Tscherpoy,  or  Torpoy,  is  an  extinct  volcano. 

Quatro  Ville,  kwit'tro  veel'li  ("four  villages"),  four 
villages  of  Italy,  near  Mantua.     Pop.  of  commune,  2660. 

QuebeC)  kwe-bSk'  (Fr.  Quebec,  ki^bSk' ;  L.  Quehecuvi), 
a  city  and  port,  and,  after  Montreal,  the  most  populous  city 
in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  capital  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence 
(which  here  receives  the  St.  Charles),  400  miles  from  its 
mouth,  180  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal,  and  328  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Portland,  Me.  Lat.  46°  49'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  71°  13'  45"  W, 
Mean  temperature  in  winter  10°,  in  summer  68°  Fahren- 
reit;  mean  of  the  year,  39°.  The  city  has  a  remarkably 
picturesque  situation  between  the  two  rivers,  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  an  elevated  table-land  which  forms  the  left 
bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Cape  Diamond,  the  extremity 
of  the  table-land,  is  333  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river, 
to  which  it  presents  a  nearly  precipitous  face.  Quebec  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  called  Upper  and  Lower  Towns.  The 
upper  town  occupies  the  highest  part  of  the  promontory, 
and  is  surrounded  with  walls  and  otherwise  fortified,  having 
an  ancient  citadel,  which  crowns  the  summit  of  Cape  Dia- 
mond and  covers  with  its  numerous  works  an  area  of  40 
acres.  From  its  position  it  is  probably  the  strongest  fortress 
in  America.  The  chief  ascents  to  the  upper  town  are  by 
a  steep  and  narrow  winding  street  and  by  a  flight  of  steps. 
The  lower  town,  which  is  the  seat  of  commerce,  is  built 
around  the  base  of  Cape  Diamond,  where,  in  many  places, 
the  rock  has  been  out  away  to  make  room  for  the  houses. 
On  the  side  of  the  St.  Charles  the  water  at  flood-tide  for- 
merly washed  the  very  foot  of  the  rock,  but  from  time  to 
time  wharf  after  wharf  has  been  projected  towards  low- 
water  mark,  and  foundations  made  suflBciently  solid  on 
which  to  build  whole  streets  where  vessels  of  considerable 
burden  once  rode  at  anchor.  The  banks  of  both  rivers  are 
now  lined  with  warehouses  and  wharves.  The  streets  are 
generally  irregular  and  narrow.  The  houses  are  principally 
of  stone  and  brick,  2  or  3  stories  high,  the  older  ones  with 
steep  and  quaint-looking  roofs. 

In  the  upper  town  are  several  squares  and  public  walks 
commanding  views  of  varied  and  picturesque,  beauty.  In 
one  stands  a  monument  to  Generals  Wolfe  and  Montcalm, 
the  English  and  French  commanders  who  fell  at  the  taking 
of  Quebec  in  1759.  A  monument  40  feet  in  height  marks 
the  spot  where  General  Wolfe  fell  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham. 

Among  the  public  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  Par- 
liament buildings,  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  (capable 
of  containing  4000  persons,  and  covering,  with  the  univer- 
sity attached,  an  area  of  8  acres),  the  English  cathedral,  and 
St.  John's  Free  Scotch  church.  There  are  in  all  1 9  churches 
in  Quebec,  and  a  synagogue.  Of  the  churches,  7  are  Roman 
Catholic  and  7  Church  of  England.  The  educational  in- 
stitutions comprise  Laval  University,  with  faculties  of  law, 
medicine,  and  arts ;  the  Grand  Seminary  and  the  Minor 
Seminary;  the  Ursuline  Convent;  several  nunneries; 
Morrin  College,  with  10  professors;  Laval  Normal  and 
Model  School ;  the  Quebec  High  School ;  and  a  number  of 
academies  and  private  and  public  schools.  There  are,  in 
addition,  the  Canadian  and  Mechanics'  Institutes,  with 
libraries  and  reading-rooms ;  the  Literary  and  Historical 
Society,  founded  in  1824,  and  possessing  valuable  records 
and  a  large  collection  of  historical  manuscripts ;  the  En- 
tomological Society,  St.  Patrick's  Literary  Institute,  Ad- 
vocates' Library,  Board  of  Trade,  and  Merchants'  Ex- 
change. Six  daily  newspapers  are  published  in  Quebec,  3 
of  which  are  in  the  French  language.  The  principal  be- 
nevolent institutiens  are  the  Marine  Hospital,  the  H&tel- 
Dieu,  the  General  Hospital,  and  the  lunatic  asylum  at 
Beauport.  Quebec  has  the  head  offices  of  3  banks,  viz., 
Quebec  Bank,  Banque  Nationale,  and  Union  Bank  of 
Lower  Canada,  besides  which  there  are  2  savings-banks, 
and  agencies  of  the  Bank  of  Montreal  and  Bank  of  British 
North  America. 

Ship-building  is  the  chief  manufacturing  industry.  There 
are  also  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery,  cutlery, 
nails,  leather,  musical  instruments,  boots  and  shoes,  paper, 
india-rubber  goods,  rope,  tobacco,  steel,  Ac.  The  great 
staple  of  export  is  timber,  which  is  furnished  principally 
by  ♦he  Ottawa  and  St.  Maurice  Rivers,  and  is  brought 


hither  in  rafts,  and  collected  into  coves  which  extend  along 
the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence  for  a  distance  of  6  miles 
above  the  town.  Here  are  extensive  timber-  and  deal-saw- 
ing establishments  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Quebec  returns  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
and  three  to  the  provincial  legislature.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  see  of  a  bishop  of  the  Church  of  England  and  of  an 
archbishop  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  Pop.  in  1832,  27,562  ; 
in  1852,42,052;  in  1871,  59,699,-52,337  of  whom  were 
Roman  Catholics;  in  1881,  62,446;  in  1S91,  63,090. 

Quebec  was  first  visited  by  Jacques  Cartier  in  1535.  It 
then  consisted  of  an  Indian  village  called  Stadacona.  In 
July,  1608,  Champlain  founded  the  city,  giving  it  its  pres- 
ent name.  In  1629  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  English, 
but,  with  the  whole  of  Canada,  was  restored  to  the  French 
in  1632,  and  in  1663,  when  the  colony  was  made  a  royal 
government,  it  became  the  capital.  In  1690  the  English 
attempted  to  recapture  it,  but  met  with  defeat;  but  in  1759 
it  was  captured  by  General  Wolfe,  and  has  since  been  under 
the  British  crown.  An  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  by 
the  Americans  to  carry  the  city  by  assault  on  the  night  of 
December  31,  1775,  when  General  Montgomery  wais  slain. 

Quebec,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec,  com- 
prises an  area  of  2598  square  miles,  "rhis  county  is  drained 
by  the  Bostonnais,  Batiscan,  St.  Charles,  Montmorency,  and 
other  streams.  It  has  the  St.  Lawrence  for  its  S.E.  bound- 
ary.    Capital,  Charlesbourg.     Pop.  19,607. 

Quebec,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Labrador  and  Hudson's  Bay;  on  the 
E.  by  Labrador  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence ;  on  the  S.  by 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  New  Brunswick,  Maine,  New  Hamp> 
shire,  Vermont,  and  New  York ;  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
river  Ottawa  and  the  province  of  Ontario.  Length,  from 
Lake  Temiscamingue,  in  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  about 
1000  miles  on  a  due  E.  and  W.  course,  and  from  the  above- 
named  lake  to  Cape  Gasp6,  about  700  miles ;  breadth,  about 
300  miles.     Area,  228,900  square  miles. 

The  principal  mountain-ranges  consist  of  the  Notre 
Dame  or  Green  Mountains,  which,  from  the  latitude  of  the 
city  of  Quebec,  follow  nearly  the  whole  course  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  on  its  S.  side,  and  terminate  on  the  gulf  of  the 
same  name,  between  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  and  Gasp^  Point. 
On  the  N.  side  of  the  river  are  the  Laurentian  range,  about 
1000  feet  in  elevation,  the  Mealy  Mountains,  stretching 
from  about  lat.  75°  W.  to  Sandwich  Bay,  and  computed  to 
be  about  1500  feet  high,  and  the  Wotchish  Mountains,  a 
short  range  of  crescent  form,  between  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence and  Hudson's  Bay.  In  the  GaspS  district  numerous 
and  beautiful  specimens  of  quartz  have  been  obtained. 
The  limestone  formation  extends  over  30,000  square  miles  ; 
the  dip  is  moderate,  and  the  strata  of  limestone  are  gener- 
ally undisturbed.  Earthquakes  have  been  very  frequent  in 
the  province,  and  some  of  them  of  considerable  violence. 

The  province  of  Quebec  possesses  ores  of  gold,  copper,  iron, 
Ac.  Gold  is  found  chiefly  on  the  banks  of  the  Chaudi&re. 
Copper  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  the  eastern  townships. 
Iron  is  found  almost  everywhere,  and  is  of  superior  quality 
Lead,  silver,  zinc,  platinum,  Ac,  also  occur  in  various  sec- 
tions. The  great  river  St.  Lawrence  flows  through  the 
province.  Just  above  Montreal  it  receives  from  the  N.W, 
the  Ottawa,  a  river  800  miles  long  and  scarcely  inferior  to 
it  in  interest.  Below  Montreal  it  receives,  on  the  right, 
the  Richelieu  River,  having  its  source  in  Lake  Champlain, 
the  St.  Francis,  rising  in  Lake  Memphremagog,  and  the 
Chaudi^re,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Megantic ;  and,  on  the  left, 
the  St.  Maurice,  Batiscan,  and  Saguenay  Rivers,  from  200 
to  400  miles  in  length.  The  latter  is  the  outlet  of  the 
large  and  beautiful  Lake  St.  John. 

The  climate  of  Quebec,  though  similar  to  that  of  On- 
tario, is  colder  in  winter  and  warmer  in  summer.  Spring 
bursts  forth  in  great  beauty,  and  vegetation  is  rapid.  In 
winter  the  cold  is  generally  steady  and  the  atmosphere  is 
clear  and  bracing.  Winter  usually  commences  at  the  latter 
end  of  November,  and  lasts  until  the  end  of  March.  The 
soil  is  in  many  districts  rich  and  adapted  to  the  growth  ol 
cereals.  Apples  and  plums  grow  in  abundance.  The 
greater  part  of  the  province  is  covered  by  forests,  consisting 
chiefly  of  white  and  red  pine.  The  other  kinds  of  timber 
are  ash,  birch,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  black  walnut,  maple, 
cherry,  butternut,  basswood,  spruce,  fir,  Ac. 

There  are  nearly  1000  miles  of  railway  in  operation. 

The  province  is  divided  into  68  counties,  viz.,  Argenteuii, 
Arthabaska,  Bagot,  Beauce,  Beauharnois,  Belleohasse,  Ber- 
thier,  Bonaventure,  Brome,  Chambly,  Champlain,  Charle- 
voix, Chateauguay,  Chicoutimi,  Compton,  Dorchester,  Drum- 
mond,  Gasp6,  Hochelaga,  Huntingdon,  Iberville,  Jacquos 
Cartier,  Joliette,   Kamouraska,  Lanrairie,   L'Assomption, 


QUE 


2237 


QUE 


Laval,  Levis,  L'IsIet,  Lotbinifire,  Maskinonge,  Megantic, 
Missisquoi,  Montcalm,  Montmagny,  Montmorency,  Montreal 
C,  Montreal  E.,  Montreal  W,,  Napierville,  Nicolet,  Ottawa 
00,,  Pontiao,  Portneuf,  Quebec  C,  Quebec  E.,  Quebec  W,, 
Quebec  co.,  Richelieu,  Richmond,  Rimouski,  Rouville,  Sa- 

fuenay,  St.  Hyacinthe,  St.  Johns,  St.  Maurice,  Shefford, 
herbrooke,  Soulanges,  Stanstead,  Temiscouata,  Terrebonne, 
Two  Mountains,  Vaudreuil,  Verch&res,  Wolfe,  and  Ya- 
maska.     Pop.  in  1870,  1,191,516;  in  1891,  1,488,586. 

For  judicial  purposes  the  province  is  divided  into  20  dis- 
tricts, each  judicial  district  having  equal  jurisdiction  in 
all  matters,  except  as  to  revision  and  appeal.  The  superior 
court  and  the  court  of  appeal  sit  at  Montreal  and  Quebec. 
Public  instruction  is  under  the  control  and  direction  of  the 
provincial  secretary,  who  is  also  called  the  minister  of 
public  instruction,  and  who  is  assisted  by  a  council  of  21 
members,  14  of  whom  are  Roman  Catholics  and  7  Prot- 
estants. In  1871  there  were  in  the  province  3689  element- 
ary schools,  227  model  schools,  147  agricultural,  commercial, 
and  special  schools,  and  15  colleges  and  seminaries.  The 
Protestant  universities  are  McGill  College,  at  Montreal, 
founded  in  1827,  and  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  founded 
in  1843.  The  Roman  Catholic  University  of  Laval  was 
founded  at  Quebec  in  1852. 

The  prevailing  religion  is  that  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 

tThe  Roman  Catholic  sees  are  6  in  number,  viz.,  the  arch- 

iocese  of  Quebec,  and  the  dioceses  of   Montreal,  Throe 

livers,  St.  Hyacinthe,  Sherbrooke,  and, Rimouski.      The 

*rotestant  dioceses  are  2,  viz.,  Montreal  and  Quebec. 

The  public  affairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a 
ieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  7  members,  a 
egislative  council  of  24  members  appointed  for  life,  and  a 
legislative  assembly  of  65  members.  The  judicial  depart- 
lent  comprises  a  court  of  queen's  bench,  with  a  chief 
iustice  and  4  assistants  ;  a  superior  court,  with  a  chief  jus- 
ace  and  26  assistants ;  a  court  of  vice-admiralty ;  courts 
►f  quarter-sessions  ,•  and  courts  for  small  causes. 

The  province  contains  many  grand  and  beautiful  objects 

Bf  interest  to  the  tourist.     The  Ottawa  and  its  tributaries 

fcbound  in  falls  and  rapids  of  an  exceedingly  picturesque 

"laracter,  at  which  and  at  other  falls  are  timber-slides  con- 

tructed  at  great  expense.     There  are  also  the  well-known 

Palls  of  Montmorency,  7  miles  below  Quebec,  with  a  per- 

endicular  descent  of  240  feet;  the  Falls  of  the  Chaudidre, 

in  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles  above  Quebec, 

ith  a  perpendicular  pitch  of  125  feet  down  a  deep  chasm ; 

ie  beautiful  Falls  of  the  St.  Anne,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 

St.  Lawrence,  22  miles  below  Quebec;  and  the  Long  Sault, 

Dedars,  and  Lachine  Rapids,  all  on  the  fashionable  route 

of  tourists.     But  the  grandest  river-scenery  is  to  be  seen 

Dn  the  Saguenay  River,  which  enters  the  St.  Lawrence  about 

'20  miles  below  Quebec. 

The  Indian  population  of  the  province  of  Quebec  in  1871 

ras  8657, — Nipissings,  Algonquins,  Abenakis,  Hurons,  Mic- 

lacs,  Amalicites,  Montagnais,  and  Nasquapees. 

The  province  is  said  to  have  been  discovered  by  Sebastian 

ibot  in  1497  ;  but  the  first  settlement  made  by  Europeans 

ras  in  1541,  near  Quebec,  by  Jacques  Cartier,  a  French 

ivigator,  who  sailed  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  to  which  he 

ive  its  present  name.     In  1608  a  permanent  settlement 

ras  made  by  the  French  upon  the  present  site  of  the  city 

of  Quebec.     From  this  period  till  1759  the  French  con- 

jnued  to  occupy  the  country,  though  much  harassed  by  In- 

lians;  but  in  the  year  last  named  an  English  army,  under 

general  Wolfe,  captured  Quebec ;  and  by  September  8, 1760, 

11  other  places  within  the  government  of  Canada  were  sur- 

Bndered  to  the  British,  and  the  French  power  entirely 

fcnnihilated.     In  1792  the  province  was  divided  into  Upper 

id  Lower  Canada,  but  in  1 840,  after  serious  political  dis- 

ensions,  they  were  reunited,  under  the  name  of  the  United 

Provinces  of  Canada.     In  1867  they  were  again  separated, 

id,  under  the  names  respectively  of  Ontario  and  Quebec, 

form  the  two  most  important  provinces  in  the  Dominion. 

QaebrobO)  k&-bro'bo,  or  Cabrobo,  k&-bro'bo,  a  vil- 
»ge  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pernambuco,  on  the  SSo  Francisco, 
175  miles  W.N.W.  of  Porto  Seguro.     Pop.  2000. 

Qne'chee,  Ot'ta  Qae'chee,  or  Wa'ter  Qne'- 
Bhee,  a  river  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  falls  into  the  Connecti- 
BUt  River. 

Qnechee^  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Hart- 
tford  township,  on  the  Quechee  River,  and  on  the  Woodstock 
lailroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  woollen  goods,  and  one  of  satinet. 

Queda,  Qnedah,  kk'di,,  Ked'da,  or  Ked'ah,  a 

tate  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  chiefly  between  lat.  5°  40' 

id  7°  N.  and  Ion.  99°  40'  and  101°  E.,  having  W.  the  Strait 

l>f  Malacca,  and  on  other  sides  the  states  of  Ligor,  Patany, 


Perak,  &o.  Area,  about  4500  square  miles.  Estimated 
pop.  21,000.  It  comprises  numerous  grassy  plains,  and  is 
well  wooded.  The  products  comprise  tin,  gold,  rice,  rattans, 
dammar,  tortoise-shells,  hides,  and  skins.  The  capital  town, 
Quedah,  is  on  the  mouth  of  the  Quedah  River,  in  lat.  6° 
6'  S.,  Ion.  100°  20'  E. ;  and  about  15  miles  farther  south- 
ward is  Quedah  Peak,  5000  feet  in  height. 

Qaedlinbarg,  kwdd'lin-bfi5R0\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  capital  of  the  circl* 
of  Aschersleben,  on  the  Bode,  a  tributary  of  the  Saale. 
Pop.  17,035.  It  is  enclosed  by  turreted  walls,  and  its  an- 
cient castle  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  abbesses  of 
Quedlinburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollpn  stuflFs,  dis- 
tilleries and  sugar-refineries,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  cattle. 

Quee'chy,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Canaan 
township,  li  miles  from  Canaan  Station.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Qneeii)  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C. 

Queen  Adelaide  Islands.   See  Adelaide  Islands. 

Queen  Anne's,  annz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mary- 
land, borders  on  Delaware.  Area,  about  352  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  Chester  River,  on  the 
S.E.  by  Tuckahoe  Creek,  and  on  the  W.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Oysters 
abound  in  the  adjacent  waters.  Marl  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A 
Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Centreville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,171;  in  1880,  19,257:  in  1890,  18,461. 

Qneen'borough,  a  decayed  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Kent,  on  the  Medway,  2  miles  S.  of  Sheerness. 

Queen  Charlotte  (shar'lot)  Island,  an  island  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  19°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  138°  42'  W. 

Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  a  group  in  the  South 
Pacific,  between  the  Mallicollo  and  Solomon  Islands. 

Queen  Charlotte's  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  British  Columbia,  N.  of 
Vancouver  Island,  between  lat.  52°  and  54°  N.  and  Ion. 
131°  and  133°  W.  These  islands  form  part  of  British  Co- 
lumbia. They  consist  of  2  large  and  2  smaller  ones  (lying 
in  an  archipelago  of  islets),  called  Graham,  Moresby,  North, 
and  Prescott.  The  climate  is  very  agreeable.  The  islands 
teem  with  various  mineral  products.  Gold-bearing  quartz 
and  copper  and  iron  ores  exist ;  and  a  fine  vein  of  anthracite 
coal  of  a  superior  quality  has  been  wrought. 

Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  British  Columbia,  is  the 
northern  part  of  the  strait  which  separates  Vancouver 
Island  from  the  mainland.  It  connects  the  Pacific  Ocean 
with  the  Gulf  of  Georgia. 

Queen  City,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  2  miles 
from  Corning.     Pop.  of  township,  398. 

Queen  City,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky. 

Queen  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Schuy- 
ler CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St,  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 49^  miles  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Queen  City,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jefferson.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches,  iron-works,  a  publishing  establishment, 
a  carriage-shop,  a  lumber-mill,  a  brick-yard,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  number  of  other  business  houses  and  general  stores. 
Pop.  in  1880,  301;  in  1890,  672. 

Queen  City,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Put- 
nam CO.,  W.  Va.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Winfield. 

Queen'land,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  oo.,  6a. 

Queens,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  is  a  part 
of  Long  Island.  Area,  about  250  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  S. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  western  part  of  it  is  contigu- 
ous to  Brooklyn  and  to  the  East  River,  which  separates  it 
from  the  city  of  New  York.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes, 
milk,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  several  branches  of  which 
connect  at  Jamaica,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  73,803;  in 
1880,  90,574;  in  1890,  128,059. 

Queens,  »  post-village  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Jamaica 
township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn,  and  i  mile  from  Creedmore.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Queens,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Tygart's  Valley  River,  42  miles  S.  of 
Clarksburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mil). 

Queens,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, intersected  by  the  river  St.  John.  Area,  1500  square 
miles.     Capital,  Gagetown.     Pop,  13,847. 

Queens,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Nova  Snotia, 


QtrE 


2238 


QUE 


bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic.  Area,  1066  square 
miles.  The  coast  is  deeply  indented,  and  bordered  Tby  a 
rugged  ridge,  but  the  interior  is  diversified  with  valleys, 
rivers,  and  lakes.     Capital,  Liverpool.     Pop.  10,554. 

QueenS)  a  county  occupying  the  middle  part  of  Prince 
Edward  Island.  Area,  172  square  miles.  Capital,  Char- 
lottetown.     Pop.  42,651. 

Queens'berry,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Dumfries. 

Queeusborough)  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Black  Creek,  37  miles  from  Belleville.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Qneensbilry,  queenz'b§r-re,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens- 
bury  township,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of 
"Whitehall,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Glens  Falls.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  George,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Hudson  River.  It  contains  the  large  village  of  Glens 
Falls.     Pop.  in  1880,  9805  ;  in  1890,  11,849. 

Queen's  Coun'ty,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland,  in 
Leinster.  Area,  664  square  miles.  Pop.  64,639.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  flat.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Barrow  and 
Nore.  The  soil  is  fertile,  with  large  tracts  of  bog.  Coal, 
iron,  copper,  manganese,  marl,  and  fuller's  earth  are  met 
with.  The  Grand  Canal  and  Great  Southern  &  Western 
Railway  pass  through  the  county.  The  principal  towns 
are  Maryborough,  Mountmellick,  and  Mountrath.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Queens'ferry,  South,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Linlithgow,  on  the  S.  shoi-e  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  945.  North  Qdbensferby 
is  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  opposite  the  above,  in  the  co.  of 
Fife.     Pop.  342. 

Queen's  Foreland)  for'l^nd,  an  island  of  British 
North  America.     Lat.  62°  30'  N.'j  Ion.  65°  W. 

Queen's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Queens'land,  a  British  colony  of  Australia,  occupying 
all  the  N.E.  of  that  continent.  Lat,  10°  40'  (Cape  York) 
to  28°  8'  S.  (Point  Danger);  Ion.  138°  to  153°  33'  E.  The 
Moreton  Bay  district  was  known  formerly  as  the  N.  part 
of  New  South  Wales,  and  was  a  penal  settlement  till  1842. 
From  that  colony  it  is  now  divided  by  a  line  from  Point 
Danger,  following  for  the  most  part  the  parallel  of  29° 
to  141°  Ion.  E.,  then  N.  to  the  26th  parallel,  then  W.  to 
Ion.  138°,  and  then  N.  to  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Area, 
668,497  square  miles,  nearly  six  times  as  large  as  the 
United  Kingdom.  Pop.  in  1891,  393,718.  A  large  part 
of  the  coast  is  shut  off  from  the  open  sea  by  the  Great 
Barrier  Reef.  The  seaboard  is  2250  miles  in  extent,  and 
well  suited  for  commerce,  having  many  noble  bays,  among 
which  are  Moreton  Bay  (65  miles  long  by  20  miles  wide). 
Wide  Bay,  Hervey  Bay,  Port  Curtis,  Port  Bowen,  Shoal 
Water  Bay,  Broad  Sound,  Whitsunday  Passage,  Edge- 
cumb,  Upstart,  Bowling  Green,  Cleveland,  Halifax,  and 
Rockingham  Bays.  Ranges  of  mountains  run  parallel 
with  the  E.  coast  at  a  distance  of  60  or  70  miles,  and 
give  rise  to  numerous  streams  and  rivers  (many  of  which 
are  navigable),  as  the  Brisbane,  Burnet,  Fitzroy,  Mary, 
Burdekin,  &o.  The  chief  seaport  towns  are  Brisbane  (the 
capital  and  seat  of  government),  Ipswich,  Maryborough, 
Rockhampton,  Cooktown,  Mackay,  Bowen,  Townsville,  and 
Somerset.  Chief  inland  towns,  Toowoomba,  Warwick,  Dalby, 
and  Clermont.  Lines  of  railway  and  telegraph  are  being 
rapidly  constructed.  In  1874  the  number  of  miles  of 
railway  open  was  249 ;  and  in  1891,  2142  miles.  Steamers 
ply  between  its  several  ports.  The  principal  items  of  ex- 
port are  wool,  tallow,  hides,  sheepskins,  preserved  meats, 
gold  and  copper,  cotton,  rum,  sugar,  and  arrowroot.  The 
climate  is  warm,  and  favorable  to  Europeans.  The  N.  half 
of  the  country  is  in  the  torrid  zone.  The  distinguishing 
feature  in  the  climate  of  Queensland  is  the  absence  of  hot 
winds  and  the  extreme  dryness  of  the  atmosphere.  Hot 
days  are  invariably  accompanied  by  cool  nights.  In  the 
more  northern  parts  of  the  colony  the  rainfall  is  very  vari- 
able and  droughts  are  extremely  prevalent.  Gold  has  been 
found  in  Peak  Downs,  at  Rockhampton,  Cape  River,  Calli- 
ope, and  Gympie  Creek,  at  which  latter  place  are  quartz 
reefs  of  surpassing  richness.  Copper  is  found  scattered 
over  many  parts  of  the  colony,  and  the  Peak  Downs  mines 
employ  a  large  number  of  miners.  In  consequence  of  the 
distance  of  this  mine  from  the  seaboard,  the  ore  is  smelted, 
and  the  copper  forwarded  in  its  pure  state  in  bars.  Tin, 
manganese,  and  iron  are  also  abundant.  Coal-mines  are 
worked  near  Ipswich  and  Maryborough.  Sugar-cane  has 
been  grown  with  success,  and  is  equal  to  the  best.  The 
mulberry  tree  has  been  successfully  reared,  and  silk  of  good 
quality  obtained.  Queensland  is  famed  for  its  sheep-walks 
and  cattle-runs,  many  of  them  of  great  extent.    These  tracts 


are  held  on  lease  from  the  crown  for  periods  varying  from 
five  to  nineteen  years,  at  rents  varying  from  10  shillings  to 
25  shillings  per  annum  per  square  mile.  Education  is  well 
attended  to.  The  government  is  vested  in  a  governor  and 
two  houses  of  legislature.  The  legislative  council  is  nomi- 
nated by  the  crown,  while  the  house  of  assembly  is  elective. 
Religion  is  entirely  supported  by  voluntary  aid.  The  land- 
laws  of  the  colony  are  framed  in  a  great  measure  on  the 
principle  of  the  Homestead  Act  of  the  1,  nited  States,  with 
the  additional  privilege  of  deferred  payments. 

Queen's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  falls  into  Charles  River. 

Queens'ton,  a  post-village  in  Niagara  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Niagara  River,  6  miles  N.  of  the  Falls,  and  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway,  8  miles  from  Clifton.  It  has 
several  stores  and  hotels.  Queenston  is  associated  in  his- 
tory with  the  battle  on  the  adjacent  heights  in  the  war  of 
1812.  A  monument  to  General  Brock,  185  feet  high,  has 
been  erected  on  Queenston  Heights.     Pop.  350. 

Queens'town,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cork,  on  the  S.  side  of  Great  Island,  in  Cork 
Harbor.  Pop.  9123.  It  ocoapies  a  steep  slope,  its  houses 
being  disposed  in  successive  terraces.  The  principal  edifices 
are  a  parish  church,  chapel,  national  school,  hospital,  dis- 
pensary, bridewell,  club-house,  and  market-house.  At  the 
E.  end  of  the  town  are  a  pier,  quays,  and  a  station-house 
for  pilots  and  officers  of  the  port  of  Cork.  Queenstown  is 
protected  by  batteries,  and  opposite  it  are  several  islets, 
with  additional  fortifications,  barracks,  magazines,  &c. 
American  steamers  bound  for  Liverpool  usually  call  at 
Queenstown.     It  was  formerly  called  the  Cove  of  Cork. 

Qneens'town,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  a  station 
on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  N.W.  of  Washington. 

Queenstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Annapolis.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Queenstown,  a  borough  in  Perry  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Brady's  Bend.  It  contains  a  flour- 
ing-mill, several  stores,  and  a  church.     Pop.  201. 

Queens'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Jefi°ersonville,  Madison  &.  Indianapolis  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.     Pop.  about  100. 

Queensville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  9* 
miles  from  Newmarket.  It  has  5  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  300. 

Queich,  kwiK,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  after  an  E, 
course  of  30  miles  joins  the  Rhine  near  Germersheim. 

Quei-Choo, or  Quei-Tchou,  China.  See  Kosi-Choo. 

Quei-Ling,  or  Quei-Liin,  China.     See  Kwei-Lin. 

Qneimada  (k&-e-m9,'d&)  Islands,  two  islets  of  Bra- 
zil, province  of  Sao  Paulo,  ofiF  the  coast,  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Santos.     Lat.  24°  28'  S. 

Queiss,  kwice,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government 
of  Liegnitz,  after  a  N.  course  of  65  miles  joins  the  Bober  6 
miles  W.  of  Sprottau.     It  passes  Greifenberg  and  Lauban. 

Quel,  kSl,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles  S.E 
of  Logrono.     Pop.  1727. 

Quelaines,  kiMin',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mayenne, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Chateau-Gontier.     Pop.  2028. 

Quelpaert,  kwSl'part^  (?).  an  island  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Yellow  Sea,  60  miles  S.  of  Corea.  Lat  33°  29'  N. ;  Ion. 
126°  63'  E.  Length,  45  miles;  breadth,  12  miles.  The 
island  is  subordinate  to  Corea,  and  is  a  penal  settlement. 

Qnelnz,  ki-loos',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Qnemada,  k&-m{L'd&,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Zacatecas,  with  massive  remains,  covering  about  6  acres. 

Quem^aho'ning,  township,  Somerset  co..  Pa.  P.  1213. 

Quemahoning  Creek,  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  flows 
into  Stony  Creek. 

Qu6m6neTen,  ki^mi^n^h-vftu"',  a  village  of  France,  8 
miles  N.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1453. 

Qu^mines,  ki^meen',  an  islet  off  the  N.W.  coast  ot 
France,  in  FinistSre,  17  miles  W.  of  Brest. 

Quend,  kiu",  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1848. 

Quenemo,  ken-ee'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Kan- 
Bas,  on  the  Osage  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Salt  Creek,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Queniutt  Lake,  Washington.    See  Quinaiftt  Lake. 

Quenu,  ki-noo',  an  island  on  the  S.  coast  of  Chili,  and 
N.E.  of  the  island  of  Chiloe.     Lat.  41°  46'  S. 

Que'pec,  a  station  in  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the  Vicks 
burg  &  Shreveport  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg. 

Queponco,  Worcester  co.,  Md.     See  Newark. 

Quequay,  ki-kwi'.  a  river  of  Uruguay,  after  a  W. 


QUE 


2239 


QUI 


I 


wnrse  of  100  miles  joins  the  Uruguay  River  26  miles  N.  of 
Concepcion  de  la  China.     Principal  aflBuent,  the  Quebracho. 

Querasco,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Cherasco. 

Querbach,  kwdn'b&K,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1240. 

Qner'cns  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co., 
Ind.,  17  miles  S.  of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Qnercy,  kaiR^see',  an  old  district  of  France,  comprised 
in  Guienne.  Its  capital  was  Cahors.  It  forms  most  of  the 
department  of  Lot  and  a  portion  of  Tam-et-Garonne. 

Qneretaro,  ki-ri'ti-ro,  a  state  of  Mexico,  enclosed  by 
the  states  of  Mexico,  Michoacan,  Guanajuato,  San  Luis 
Potosi,  and  Hidalgo.  Area,  3205  square  miles.  It  is 
wholly  on  the  Anahuao  table-land.  Its  products  are  maize 
and  cotton,  with  grain  and  fruits,  and  it  has  mines  of  silver, 
copper,  lead,  and  iron,  with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
soap,  pottery,  and  iron-wares.  Chief  towns,  Queretaro  and 
■Cadereita.     Pop.  (1882)  203,250. 

Qaeretaro,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  in  a  fine 
valley,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Mexico.  Lat.  20°  36'  N.;  Ion. 
100°  10'  W.  It  is  well  built,  and  is  supplied  with  water  by 
a  fine  aqueduct  10  miles  in  length.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  mostly  of  a  religious  character,  and  comprise  a 
large  convent  and  a  Franciscan  monastery  with  extensive 
gardens.  Queretaro  possesses  numerous  factories  of  coarse 
woollens  for  army  clothing,  Ac.  The  peace  between  Mexico 
And  the  United  States  was  ratified  here  by  the  Mexican 
Oongress  in  1848,  and  here  Maximilian  ^as  shot,  June  19, 
1867.     Pop.  47,570. 

Qnerfnrt,  kw^R'fSdRt,  or  Qnernfurt,  kwdnn'fSSRt, 

walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  18  miles  W.  of  Merse- 
4)urg,  on  the  Quern,  an  affluent  of  the  Saale.     Pop.  4412. 

Qu^rieux,  a  river  of  France.     See  Hallue. 

Qnerimba  (k^-reem'bS,)  Islands,  a  chain  of  islands 
ixtending  along  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  between  lat.  10°  30' 
nd  11°  30'  S.,  near  Ion.  40°  30'  E.,  comprised  in  the  Por- 

guese  territory  of  Mozambique.  They  are  formed  of 
[«oral,  the  principal  being  Aswatada,  Ibo,  Matemmo,  Favno, 
And  Querimba. 

Quero,  kwi'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Piave,  7  miles 
fi.  of  Feltre.     Pop.  2114. 

Quero,  k4'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  47  miles 
E.S.E,  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1621. 

Querqueville,  kfiRkVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Manche,  on  its  N.  coast,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Cherbourg.  P.  917. 

Que'ry's,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
i-Carolina  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Qnesada,  k&-8&'D&,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Sierra  de 
Cazorlii,  40  miles  E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  4127. 

Qnesaitenango,  America.    See  Quezaltenango. 

Quesaltepeque,  ki-sil-ti-pi'ki,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  and  83  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guatemala. 

Quesnoy,  Le,  a  town  of  France.     See  Le  Quesnot. 

Quesnoy-snr-DeuIe,  kfis^nwi'  siiR  dul,  a  town  of 
franco,  Nord,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Lille,  on  the  Deule.  Pop. 
"269.    It  has  a  communal  college,  distilleries,  flour-mills,  Ac. 

Quessoy,  kfis^swi',  a  village  of  France,  in  C&tes-du- 
Nord,  8  miles  S.B.  of  Saint-Brieuo. 

Qnestembert,  kfisHoM^bain',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1328. 

Quetta,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.    See  Shawl. 

Quettehon,  kStt^hoo'  or  kfitH^h-hoo',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Manche,  near  the  Channel,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Valognes. 

Quevancamps,  kiVS'kfiu*',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1700. 

Qaeven,  k^hVfiN»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  2661. 

Qaevilly,  Grand,  grfin*  k^h-vee^yee',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  near  Rouen.  Pop.  1548.  See 
'so  Lb  Petit  Quevillt. 

Quewhifile,  kwee'whif-fl,  a  township  of  Cumberland 
•0.,  N.C.     Pop.  954. 

Qneyrac,  ki^rik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  4 
miles  N.  of  Lesparre.     Pop.  1928. 

Qnezaltenango,  or  Qnesaitenango,  ki-s&l-t&- 
nin'go,  a  city  of  Central  America,  state  and  115  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Guatemala.  Pop.  25,000,  who  manufacture 
«otton  and  woollen  fabrics  and  carry  on  an  active  trade.  It 
is  handsomely  built  and  well  paved,  and  has  a  richly  dec- 
orated cathedral,  several  other  churches,  and  a  noble  city 
hall.  In  its  vicinity  are  numerous  interesting  antiquities 
and  remarkable  volcanic  appearances. 

Qniabon,  ke-&-bon',  commonly  called  Chabon,  ch&- 
b5n',  a  village  of  Santo  Domingo,  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
Island  of  Hayti,  90  miles  E.  by  N.  of  the  city  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo. It  is  a  small  place,  at  the  mouth  of  a  stream  of  the 
tame  name  which  is  nartially  navigable. 


Qnia  (kee'4)  Country,  a  territory  of  West  Africa, 
immediately  E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  between  the  Rokelle  ard 
Casamanza  Rivers,  and  comprising  about  1300  square  milea 
of  rich  alluvial  land. 

Qnib'by  Creek,  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  the 
Tombigbee  River  from  the  right 

Qnibdo,  a  town  of  America.     See  Citaka. 

Quiberon,  kee^b9h-r6it>'  or  kee^br6M*',  a  peninsula  of 
France,  in  Brittany,  department  of  Morbihan,  S.S.E.  of 
Lorient,  and  N.N.E.  of  Belleisle.  Lat.  47°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  2° 
4'  W.  It  is  7  miles  in  length,  and  united  to  the  continent 
by  a  low  isthmus,  defended  by  Fort  PenthiSvre.  The  town 
of  Quiberon,  at  its  S.  end,  has  a  small  port.     Pop.  720. 

Qnibo,  kee'bo,  improperly  written  Quibdo,  an  island 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  in  the  Pacific,  at  the  en- 
trance of  Montijo  Bay.  Lat.  7°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  54'  W. 
Length  and  breadth,  20  miles  each. 

Quibor,  keeVor',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  and  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Barquesimeto.     Pop.  7727. 

Qni^amfto,  kee-s8,-m6wH»',  a  town  of  brazil,  state  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  21  miles  S.  of  Campos.     Pop.  2500. 

Quicara,  ke-k4'r&,  or  Hicaron,  ee-k&-ron',  a  group 
of  small  islands  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  in  the  North 
Pacific,  S.  of  Qnibo,  and  near  the  W.  entrance  of  Montijo 
Bay.     Lat.  7°  10'  60"  N. ;  Ion.  81°  46'  18"  W. 

Qnicatlan,  ke-k&t-I&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
44  miles  N.  of  Oajaca. 

Quiche,  kee'chi,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and 
26  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  2500. 

Quick  Sand  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Breathitt  oo.,  Ey. 

Quicks 'burg,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 

Qnick'silver,  a  post-office  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal. 

Quid'nick,  a  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  cotton-mill.  Pop. 
750. 

Quieppe,  ke-dp'pi,  an  island  and  Tort  of  Brazil,  state 
and  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bahia,  at  the  entrance  of  Camamu 
Bay. 

Qnierzy,  ke-ain^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on 
the  Gise,  20  miles  W.  of  Laon.  It  was  formerly  an  im- 
portant city,  and  had  a  palace  of  the  Carlovingian  kings. 

Qui'et  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  tannery. 

Quievrain,  ke-S.Vr8,N»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
on  the  French  frontier,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mons,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Belgian  and  French  Railways.     Pop.  2804. 

Qui6vy,  ke-iVee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  11 
miles  E.  of  Cambrai,  with  breweries  and  manufactories  of 
linen  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  3467. 

Qui-Foo,  a  town  of  Cochin  China.     See  Phtt-Yen. 

Quilabamba,  a  river  of  Peru.     See  Vilcabamba. 

Quiiiano,  kwe-le-&'no,  or  Quigliano,  kweel-y&'no, 
a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  near  Savona.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3694. 

Qniiimane,  ke-le-m&'n4,  or  Quillimane,  a  town 
of  East  Africa,  capital  of  a  government  of  the  Portuguese 
colony  of  Mozambique,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Quillimane 
River,  the  North  Branch  of  the  Zambezi,  15  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  12  miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  17°  51'  S. ;  Ion. 
37°  1'  E.  It  is  very  unhealthy.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  fort,  a  church,  and  some  brick  houses.  It  has  a 
trade  in  gold,  ivory,  ground-nuts,  sesame,  and  wax. 

Qni'Iiin,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kwbi-Lih. 

Quillan,  kee^yfiu"'  or  keePyftH"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Aude,  13  miles  S.  of  Limoux.     Pop.  2286. 

QuiHeb(£uf,  keerbuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  at  the  commencement  of  its  es- 
tuary, with  a  light-house,  7  miles  N.  of  Pont-Audemer. 
Pop.  1441.     Here  are  ajpilot-station  and  a  salvage-depot. 

Quillota,  keel-yo'ta,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Val- 
paraiso, 50  miles  N.W.  of  Santiago,  on  the  Aconcagua.  20 
miles  from  the  Pacific.  The  houses  are  of  sun-dried  brick, 
only  one  story  in  height.     Pop.  11,369. 

Quiloa,  kee'lo-i,  or  Keel'wa,  written  alsoKilwah, 
a  town  of  East  Africa,  on  an  island  off  the  coast,  6  miles 
in  length,  and  between  which  and  the  mainland  is  a  secure 
harbor.  Lat.  8°  67'  S.  The  fort,  which  is  strong  and  en- 
closed by  a  moat,  is  the  residence  of  the  governor  under  the 
Sultan  of  Zanzibar. 

Quilon,  kweeMon',  or  Coulan,  kooMan',  a  seaport 
town  of  India,  in  Travancore,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Trivandrum,  with  an  active  export  trade 
in  pepper,  cotton,  cardamoms,  Ac.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  an  ancient  temple  of  Seeva. 

Quim'by,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  4  miles  S.E.  of  Hastings 


QUI 


2240 


QUI 


Qnimper,  k&H^paiR',  or  Quimper  Corentin,  kftM  - 
paiR'  ko*roN"HiNo',  a  town  of  Prance,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  FinistSre,  on  the  Odet,  10  miles  from  the  Atlantic, 
and  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brest,  Pop.  13,879.  It  is  divided 
into  an  old  and  a  new  town :  the  former,  on  the  river-side, 
is  fortified,  and  has  quays  flanked  by  ancient  houses.  The 
public  buildings  are  a  town  hall,  hospital,  and  barracks.  It 
has  a  communal  college,  a  seminary,  public  library  of  25,000 
volumes,  theatre,  and  baths.  Chief  industries,  manufactures 
of  leather,  crockery,  cordage,  and  flour,  ship-building,  and 
a  trade  in  wheat,  wax,  linen  and  hempen  fabrics,  butter, 
horses,  and  pilchards,  of  which  last  it  has  a  fishery. 

Quiinperl6,  kiir^pfiRMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
t^re,  at  the  confluence  of  the  E116  and  Isole,  34  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  4080. 

Qninaiutt)  kwe^ni-ut'  (or  Que^niutt'),  Lake, 
Washington,  is  in  Jefferson  co.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Mount  Olympus.  It  is  nearly  10  miles  long.  Its  outlet  is 
the  river  of  the  same  name,  which  runs  southwestward  and 
enters  the  Pacific. 

Qui'nan,  a  post-office  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex. 

Quince,  or  Sqnince,  a  small  island  06°  the  S.W.  ooast 

01  Ireland,  eo.  of  Cork,  about  5  furlongs  S.W.  of  the  en- 
trance to  Glandore  Harbor. 

Quincetto,  kwin-chdt'to,  or  Quincinetto,  kwin> 
chfi-nfit'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ivrea. 

Quincy,  k4N»'see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Marne,  4  miles  S.  of  Meaux.     Pop.  1711. 

Quincy,  quin'z^  or  quin's^,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Plumas  CO.,  Cal.,  about  86  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marysville,  and 
at  an  elevation  of  nearly  3600  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It 
is  surrounded  by  high  mountains,  and  has  a  oourt-house  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  (1890)  646. 

Quincy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tallahiissee.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  and  a  money -order  post-office. 
Cotton  and  tobacco  are  exported  hence.     Pop.  (1890)  681. 

Quincy,  quin's§,  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Adams  00., 
111.,  on  the  Mississippi,  170  miles  above  St.  Louis,  18  miles 
above  Hannibal,  and  104  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  is 
situated  on  a  limestone  bluff,  125  feet  above  the  river, 
of  which  it  commands  an  extensive  view.  It  has  a  fine 
court-house  which  cost  $300,000,  32  churches,  2  opera- 
houses,  several  academies,  15  public  halls,  4  handsome 
public  parks,  2  armories,  2  hospitals,  a  national  bank,  and 
6  other  banks.     Four  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  and 

2  monthly  periodicals  are  published  here.  Quincy  is  a  ter- 
minus of  6  railroads,  styled  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc 
Quincy,  the  Wabash,  the  Quincy,  Missouri  A,  Pacific,  the 
Hannibal  <k  St.  Joseph,  and  the  Quincy,  Alton  A  St.  Louis. 
The  citizens  of  Quincy  own  2  lines  of  steam-packets.  Two 
steamboats  run  daily  from  this  place  up  the  river,  and  2 
others  run  down  to  St.  Louis.  This  city  has  12  steam 
flouring-mills,  5  carriage-factories,  7  machine-shops,  7 
foundries,  2  steam  saw-mills,  4  planing-mills,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  beer,  cigars,  tobacco,  sash,  blinds, 
stoves,  furniture,  bricks,  steam-engines,  liquor,  ploughs, 
Ac,  its  capital  in  manufacturing  in  1890  aggregating 
$6,187,845,  and  its  product  $10,160,492  in  value.  Here  is 
a  tobacco-factory  which  employs  900  hands.  Quincy  has 
a  good  system  of  water-works,  5  steam  fire-engines,  lines 
of  street  railways,  and  gravelled  streets  extending  into  the 
country.  This  was  in  1890  the  third  city  of  the  state  in 
population.  A  fine  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop.  Pop,  in 
1870,  24,052;  in  1880,  27,268;  in  1890,  31,494. 

Quincy,  Madison  co.,  Ind.     See  Elwood. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Taylor  township,  Owen  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greencastle.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  350. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Quincy  township,  Adams  co., 
Iowa,  about  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  4  or  5 
piiles  N.  of  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad.  It 
has  a  bank  and  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  265 ; 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2472. 

Quiucy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Verdigris  River,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Burlington. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  10  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Quincy,  quin'z?,  a  fine  city  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  H  miles 
from  the  sea.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Massachusetts 
Bay.  It  contains  a  number  of  churches,  a  granite  town 
hall,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  high  school. 


a  public  library,  and  the  well-endowed  Adams  Academy, 
founded  in  1872;  also  quarries  of  the  celebrated  Quincy 
granite,  which  is  exported  to  nearly  all  parts  of  the  Union. 
Quincy  was  the  birthplace  of  John  Hancock,  of  John  Adams, 
second  president  of  the  United  States,  and  of  his  son,  John 
Quincy  Adams.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,570;  in  1890,  16,723. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Quinoy  township.  Branch  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
6  miles  E.  of  Coldwater,  and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank- 
ing-house, 2  saw-mills,  and  manutactures  of  staves,  head- 
ing, sash,  doors,  Ac,     Pop,  1092  ;  of  the  township,  2497. 

Quincy,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1282.     It  has  a  copper-mine. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Quincy  township,  Olmsted 
CO.,  Minn.,  25  miles  W.  of  Winona.     Pop,  of  township,  741. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Aberdeen.     It  has  a  church. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about  54 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  SO. 

Quincy,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.    See  Riplky. 

Quincy,  or  Kidd's  Mines,  a  village  of  Belmont  co., 
0.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of  Bel- 
laire,  at  the  junction  of  the  Bellaire  A  St.  Clairsville  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church  and  a  small  woollen-mill,  and  coal- 
mining is  the  principal  pursuit. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township,  Lognn  co., 
0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Bellefontaine  with  Sidney,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Piqua,  and  1 
mile  W.  of  De  Graff.  It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  488. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Quinoy  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  and  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Chambersburg.  Pop.  300.  The  township  contains 
a  village  named  Funkstown,  and  a  pop.  of  3127. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Quincy  township,  Adams  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  about  34 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  townskip,  244. 

Quincy  Adams,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston. 

Quincy  Junction,  Pike  co..  111.    See  Pike. 

Quincy  Point,  a  post-village  in  Quincy  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  10  miles  S,  by 
E.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Quinoy.  It  has  a  good 
harbor. 

Quindaro,  kwin-dS'ro,  a  post-village  m  Quindaro 
township,  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River, 
and  on  a  railroad,  6  miles  above  Kansas  City,  and  20  miles 
by  land  S.E.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1970. 

Quindici,  kwin'de-ohe,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  7  miles  E.  of  Nola,  in  a  valley.     Pop.  3019, 

Quindin,  keen-de-00',  a  portion  of  the  East  Cordillera 
of  the  Andes,  in  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  separating 
the  basins  of  the  Magdalena  and  Cauoa  Rivers,  about  100 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bogota.  Near  here  is  the  dangerous  Pass 
of  Quindiu,  between  Cartago  and  Ibague.  Elevation  of 
its  summit,  11,500  feet. 

Quin^ebang',  or  Quin^nebaug',  a  post-hamlet  in 
Thompson  township,  Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Quine- 
baug  River,  and  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Rail- 
road, 64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  gunny-cloth. 

Quinebaug  River  rises  near  the  southern  boundary 
of  Massachusetts,  and  drains  part  of  Worcester  co.  of  that 
state,  from  which  it  passes  into  Windham  co.,  Conn.  It 
runs  southward  through  that  county,  and  unites  with  the 
Shetucket  River  about  3  miles  above  Norwich.  It  is  nearly 
90  miles  long. 

Quin^epiac',  Quin^nepiac',  or  QuinUpiac',  a 
river  of  Connecticut,  rises  in  Hartford  co.,  runs  southward 
through  New  Haven  co.,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound  about 
1  mile  S.E.  of  the  city  of  New  Haven.     Length,  35  miles. 

Quingentole,  kwin-jSn'to-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  W.  of  Revere.     Pop.  2702. 

Quingey,  kfi,N°*zhi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  on 
the  Loue,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Besangon.     Pop.  1210. 

Quinhon,  keen^h5n'  (?),  a  town  and  harbor  of  the 
kingdom  of  Annam ;  the  town,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a 
river  entering  the  harbor  about  10  miles  farther  E.  Lat. 
13°  44'  N.;  Ion.  109°  11'  E. 

Quiniluban  (kee-ne-loo-bin')  Islands,  a  group  of 
the  Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Panay  and 
Palawan.     Lat.  11°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  47'  E. 

Quinn,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 


QUI 


2241 


QUO 


Columbia  River,  24  miles  from  Ealama.    Here  is  a  salmon- 
cannery. 

Quinnebang,  Conneotiout.    See  Quixebaug. 

Qiiin^ncsec',  a  post-office  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich. 

Quiu'ney,  a  post-office  of  Calumet  oo.,  Wis. 

Quin'nimont,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  or  near  the 
Kanawha  River,  74  miles  by  railroad,  or  about  40  miles 
direct,  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  church,  a  money-order 
post-office,  and  an  iron-blast-furnace. 

Quinsein'bo,  or  Quissem'bo,  a  town  of  Africa,  on 
the  coast  of  Congo,  at  the  mouth  of  Quinsembo  River,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ambriz.     It  has  a  trade  in  ivory. 

Quiusig'amond  Lake,  a  fine  lake  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  3  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Worcester.     It  is  4  miles 
long,  and  discharges  its  waters  by  Quinsigamond  River, 
^^^  tributary  of  the  Blackstone. 

^^HQuintana,  keen-ti'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
^H  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  3S22. 
^^B  Quintana,  keen-t3,'n&,  a  village  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex., 
^^Bl  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Brazos  River, 
^^T5  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston,  and  about  1  mile  from  Velasco 
Post-Office.     It  has  a  church  and  a  ship-yard. 

Quiutanar  de  la  Orden,  keen-ta-naR'  d^  \&  oR'din, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Toledo,  17  miles  W.  of  Bel- 
monte.  Pop.  6838,  who  manufacture  blankets  and  other 
woollen  goods. 

Quintanar  del  Rey,  keen-ti-nau'  dfil  r4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1943. 

Quintanilla  de  la  Somoza,  keen-t&-neel'y&  di  1& 
80-mo'th3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  W.  of  Leon. 

Quinten,  kwin't§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
St.  Gall,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Lake  Wallenstadt,  at  the  foot 
of  a  steep  mountain,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich. 

Quintin,  kiN<»H3,iJ»',  a  town  of  France,  in  C8tes-du- 
Nord,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.  Pop.  3218.  It  has  a 
large  castle,  mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of  linens, 
cambrics,  and  paper. 

Quiuto,  kwin'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  of 

jrona.     Pop.  1900. 

Quinto,  keen'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 

~.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2517. 

Quinto,  kwin'to,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  22 

les  N.N.W.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  1331. 

Quinto,  keen'to,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
r  a  S.E.  course  of  250  miles  loses  itself  in  a  marsh  near 
34°  S.,  Ion.  63°  W. 

Quinto>al-Mere,  kwin'to-il-mi'ri,  a  village  of 
ly,  near  the  sea,  5  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop. 

f].3. 

Quin'toii)  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Allo- 
ys Creek,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.     It  contains  a  church, 

manufactory  of  window-glass,  and  several  stores.  Pop. 
ut  250. 

Quinzano,  kwin-z&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3200. 

Quio,  Quebec.     See  Onslow. 

Quiogue,  kwi-6g',  a  hamlet  of  Southampton  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  E.  of  Westhampton.  It  has  a 
ehurch. 

Quiotepec,  ke-o-t^-pdk',  or  Cerro  de  las  Juntas^ 
'ro  d4  l£s  Hoon'td,s,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  about 
miles  N.  of  Oajaca,  near  the  junction  of  the  Quiotepeo 

id  Salado  Rivers. 

Qai-Parle,  a  lake  of  Minnesota.    See  Lac  Qni  Parle. 

Qui-Phn,  or  Qui-Foo.    See  Phu-Yen. 

Quirigua,  ke-ree'gw&,  a  ruined  oity  of  Guatemala,  on 

e  Motagua.     Near  it  is  a  small  hamlet  of  the  same  name. 

Quiriliu6,  ke-ree-Hwi',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
Maule,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Constituoion.     Pop.  2164. 

Quirimba  Islands.    See  Querimba. 

Quiriquiua^  ke-re-kee'n&,  an  island  of  Chili,  10  miles 
N.  of  Concepcion,  at  the  entrance  of  its  bay. 

Quiros  Islands.     See  New  Hebrides. 

iQuirpou,  kegR^pon"'  (?),  an  island  off  the  N.  extremity 
of  Newfoundland,  British  North  America,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  in  lat.  61°  40'  N.,  Ion.  55°  16' 
,        W.     On  it  is  a  small  seaport  town  of  the  same  name,  with 
I        a  church  and  a  seal-fishery. 

J  Quisania,  a  district  of  Africa.     See  Qdizama. 

>  Quisanga,  or   Qnissanga*   kee8-s&n'g&,   a  Porta- 

]       guese  towu  of  Mozambique,  on  the  coast,  a  few  miles  S.W. 

of  Ibo. 
I  Quisiguina,  Nicaragua.    See  Conseouina. 

j  Quissac,  kees^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the 

Vidourle,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  N!mes.     Pop.  1556. 


Qnistello,  kwis-t^l'Io,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Mantua. 

Quistinic,  keesHe^neek',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Morbihan,  on  the  Blavet,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lo- 
rient,  with  some  Roman  remains.    Pop.  of  commune,  2403. 

QuiteTe^  ke-t&'vi,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Sofala, 
above  the  town  of  that  name.     Lat.  20°  S. ;  Ion.  32°  30'  E. 

Quit'maU)  a  county  of  Georgia,  bordering  on  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  168  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Pataula  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  George- 
town.    Pop.  in  1870,  4160;  in  1880,  4392;  in  1890,  4471. 

Quitman,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Coldwater  River  and  its  affluents.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Belen.  Pop.  in  1880,  1407; 
in  1890,  3286. 

Qnitman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co..  Ark.,  about 
48  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock.  It  contains  a  church,  and  an 
institution  called  Quitman  College. 

Quitman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brooks  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Oeopilco  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  26 
miles  E.  of  Thomasville,  and  174  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savan- 
nah. It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1868. 

Quitman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Chiokasawha  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  of  Meridian.     It  has  2  churches. 

Quitman,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Maryville,  and  about  48 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  lumber,  and  woollen  goods. 

Quitman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wood  co.,  Tex., 
about  65  miles  W.  of  Jefferson,  and  10  miles  from  Mineola. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2  churches.     Pop.  320. 

Quito,  kee'to,  the  capital  city  of  the  republic  of  Ecua- 
dor, South  America,  in  a  ravine,  E.  of  the  volcano  of  Pi- 
chincha,  160  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guayaquil.  Elevation,  9543 
feet.  Lat.  0°  13'  27"  S.;  Ion.  78°  50'  W.  Pop.  variously 
estimated  at  from  60,000  to  80,000.  It  has  several  hand- 
some squares,  in  one  of  which  are  the  cathedral,  town  hall, 
palaces  of  the  archbishop  and  president  of  the  republic, 
and  a  fine  bronze  fountain.  The  other  principal  structures 
are  the  churches  and  convents,  the  University  of  Quito, 
workhouse,  orphan  asylum,  and  large  hospital.  Quito  has 
manufactures  of  coarse  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  lace,  jew- 
elry, and  confectionery,  and  a  large  trade  in  agricultural 
produce,  which  is  exchanged  for  indigo,  iron  and  steel, 
brandy,  wine,  oil,  and  the  precious  metals.  The  imports 
comprise  all  kinds  of  European  manufactured  goods,  and 
those  of  the  finest  quality  find  a  ready  sale.  The  markets 
are  well  supplied  with  provisions,  and  large  quantities  of 
cheese  are  made  in  the  vicinity.  Eleven  snow-capped 
mountains  are  in  view  from  Quito,  and  about  10  miles  N.E. 
is  a  plain  chosen  in  1736  by  the  French  and  Spanish  as- 
tronomers for  measuring  a  degree  of  the  meridian.  Quito 
was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  in  1534,  and  incorporated  as  a 
city  by  Charles  V.  in  1641.  It  has  repeatedly  suffered  from 
earthquakes. 

Quito,  kee'to,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
36  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Wichita. 

Quitta,  Keta,  kee't&,  or  Prince's  Town,  formerly 
a  Danish,  now  a  British  fort  and  town  in  North  Guinea,  on 
the  sea,  near  the  E.  point  of  the  Gold  Coast.  Lat.  6°  66' 
6"  N. ,;  Ion.  0°  59'  45"  E.     Pop.  6000. 

Quiv'er,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.     Pop.  893, 

Quizama,  or  Quisama,  ke-z&'mjl,  a  district  of  Lower 
Guinea,  Southwest  Africa,  between  the  rivers  Coanza  and 
Longa.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Its  products  are  wax, 
honey,  and  salt. 

Quogue,  kw5g  or  kw5g,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  ocean,  and  near  Shinnecock  Bay,  1  mile  from 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  about  7  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Riverhead.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  137.  Quogue  Station 
is  78  miles  from  New  York,  and  3  miles  from  Quogue. 

Quoin,  kwoin.  Great  and  Little,  islets  in  the  entrance 
of  the  Persian  Gulf,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Mussendom. 

Quoin,  the  name  of  islands  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aos- 
tralia  and  the  £.  coast  of  Tasmania. 

Quouochontaug,  or  Quonocontang,  kw5n^o-kon- 
tawg',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  near  the  ocean, 
about  10  miles  E.  of  Stonington,  Conn.     Here  is  a  church 

Quorra,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Niger. 


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Raab)  r&b  or  r^  (Hun.  Oy'Sr,  dyor;  ano.  Arahof),  a 
navigable  river  of  Hungary,  rises  in  Styria,  and  enters  the 
Danube  near  Raab.     Length,  180  miles. 

Raab,  or  Nagy-Gyor,  n5dj-dy6r  (ano.  Arabonaf),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 67  miles  W.N.W.  of  Buda,  on  the  Raab,  at  its  con- 
fluence with  an  arm  of  the  Danube.  Lat.  47°  41'  N. ;  Ion. 
17°  40'  E.  Pop.  20,035.  It  haa  a  cathedral  and  several 
other  churches,  a  royal  academy,  and  a  gymnasium ;  also 
manufactures  of  tobacco,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

RaaltC)  ril't§h,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overys- 
sel,  11  miles  S.S.B.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  5594. 

Raamsdonk,  r&ms'donk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  3946. 

Raasay  Island,  Hebrides.    See  Kasay  Island. 

Raat,  r&t,  or  Raut,  rawt,  a  town  of  India,  Humeer- 
poor  district,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kalpee.  Pop.  17,690. 
It  is  a  prosperous  place,  though  very  unhealthy. 

Rabagh,  £1,  51  ri^big',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Hejaz, 
110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mecca,  near  the  Red  Sea. 

RabastenS)  ri*bS,aH5N>»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyren^es,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1325. 

Rabastens,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  23  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Alby,  on  the  Tarn.  Pop.  3108,  It  has  manufactures 
of  wine,  hats,  hemp,  and  farina. 

Rabatt,  or  Rabat,  r&^b&t',  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  Boo-Regreb,  at  its  mouth,  immediately  oppo- 
site Sale,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mehediah.  Pop.  27,000,  of 
whom  7000  are  Jews.  It  has  pretty  strong  walls  and  bat- 
teries, a  citadel  and  great  barracks,  numerous  mosques  and 
minarets,  stone  mausoleums,  and  well-supplied  markets. 
It  has  manufactures  of  pottery  and  carpets,  an  export  trade 
in  wool  and  corn,  and  considerable  traffic.  It  was  formerly 
the  centre  of  the  European  trade  with  Morocco.  Outside 
of  the  city  are  numerous  walled  orchards  and  gardens. 

Rabba,  rib'bi,  a  populous  town  of  Africa,  in  Gando, 
on  the  Niger,  in  lat.  9°  15'  N.,  Ion.  5°  26'  B. 

Rabba,  a  collection  of  ruins  in  Syria,  E.  of  the  Dead 
Sea,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Kerek.  Here  are  ruins  consid- 
ered to  mark  the  site  of  Rabbath  Moab,  the  Areopolii  of 
the  Greeks,  and  the  Ar  of  Moab  mentioned  in  Scripture. 

Rabbah  (or  Rabbath)  Ammon,  Syria.   See  Amman. 

Rab'bit  Ears,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  40°  25'  9"  N.,  Ion.  106°  36'  6"  W.  Its  alti- 
tude is  10,719  feet. 

Rabbit  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Pallo. 

Rab'bit  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  iBgean  Sea,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Rabbit  River,  Allegan  co.,  Mioh.,  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Kalamazoo  River  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Rabbit  Town,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Jasksonville. 

Rab'bittsville,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  about 
24  miles  W.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Rabenau,  r8,'b§h-n5w\  a  town  of  Saxony,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1488. 

Rabil,  ri-beel',  capital  of  the  island  of  Boavista,  Cape 
Verd  Islands,  on  its  W.  side,  4  miles  E.  of  Porto.  Sal  Rey. 

Rabin al,  rA-be-n&l',  a  town  of  Guatemala,  60  miles  B. 
of  Solola.     Pop.  about  6500. 

Rabischau,  rft'bish-ow^  a  town  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1610. 

Rabnabad,  rib-ni-bid',  a  low,  sandy  island  of  India, 
Bay  of  Bengal,  one  of  the  Sunderbunds,  at  the  W.  entrance 
of  the  E.  mouth  of  the  Ganges.     It  is  about  16  miles  long. 

Rabschwer,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Ribbauvili.^ . 

Ra'bun,  the  northeasternmost  county  of  Georgia,  has 
dn  area  of  about  464  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Chattooga  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Tallulah 
Creek  and  Little  Tennessee  River,  which  rise  in  it.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  covered  with  forests.  This 
county  comprises  several  peaks  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  one  of 
which  is  called  Tallulah  Mountain.  The  much-admired 
Tallulah  Falls  are  on  the  S.  border  of  this  county.  Capital, 
Clayton.    Pop.  in  1870,  3256  ;  in  1880,  4634 ;  in  1890,  6606. 

Rabun  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  about  8 
miles  N.  of  Clayton,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  several  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Racalmuto,  r&-k&l-moo'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Girgenti.  It  is  the  seat  of  much  com- 
merce and  enterprise.     Pop.  11,012. 

Kacca,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Raeka. 
Raccouigi,  r&k-ko-nee'jee,  or  Raconigi,  a  town  of 


i 


\ 


Italy,  on  the  Maira,  19  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Turin.  Pop, 
9912.  It  has  a  royal  park  and  ohiteau,  and  manofactares 
of  silk  fabrics  and  twist  and  woollen  cloths. 

Rac^coon',  a  post-township  of  Marion  oo.,  HL  Pop. 
1139.     Raccoon  Post-Office  is  at  Romine  City. 

Raccoon,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1327. 

Raccoon,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1700. 

Raccoon,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1012. 

Raccoon,  a  post-village  in  Smith  township.  Washing 
ton  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  mines  of  good  coal,  and  is  in  a  rich  val- 
ley noted  for  dairies. 

Raccoon,  or  Racoon,  a  post- village  of  Preston  co., 
W.  Va.,  at  Independence  Station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  llj  miles  E.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour. 

Raccoon  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Boone  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  intersects  Putnam  and  Parke  cos.,  and  en- 
ters the  Wabash  River  7J  ipiles  W.  of  Rockville.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  nms  northwest- 
ward, and  enters  the  Delaware  River. 

Raccoon  Creek  (or  Fork),  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Licking  River  at  Newark. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  the  E.  part  of  Vinton 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  Gallia  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  7  miles  below  Gallipolis.     Length,  about  90  miles. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Washington 
CO.,  runs  northward  in  Beaver  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  4  or  5  miles  below  Rochester. 

Raccoon  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Cnlpeper  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Rapidan  River,  about  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Raccoon  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Raccoon  (or  Coon)  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Buena  Vista 
00.,  runs  southeastward,  intersects  Sac,  Carroll,  Greene,  and 
Dallas  COS.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River  at  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  170  miles. 

Raccoon  River,  Wisconsin,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  through  the  N.W.  part  of  Vernon  co.  into  the  Missis- 
sippi River. 

Raccoon  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Race'bnrg,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Race  Course,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad,  8i  miles  N,  o<" 
Cincinnati. 

Race'land,  a  post-office  and  station  of  La  Fourche 
parish,  La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  A  Texas  Railroad,  4(> 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans.     Here  is  a  church. 

Race  of  Alderney,  awl'd^r-ne,  is  chiefly  in  the  straii 
between  the  island  of  Alderney  and  Cape  La  Hague,  France. 

Race  of  Port'land,  on  the  English  coast,  nearly  op- 
posite, lies  off'  the  peninsula  of  Portland  Bill.  J 

Race  Point,  a  headland  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  New.*! 
foundland.  " 

Race  Track,  a  station  in  Caddo  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad  (Marshall  <fc  Shreveport  division), 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Shreveport. 

Rachecourt,  rish^kooR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arion.     Pop.  1300. 

Rache-Tchurin,  ri-shi-choo-reen'  (?),  a  city  of  Mon 
golia,  360  miles  W.  of  Peking.  It  consists  of  3  elegant  and 
majestic  Booddhist  temples  and  other  large  edifices,  sur 
rounded  by  a  great  number  of  small  houses. 

Rachlin,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Rathlin. 

Rachoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Raichob. 

Rachova,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Arakhova. 

Raciborz,  a  town  of  Silesia.     See  Ratibor. 

Racine,  ra-seen',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Wiscon 
sin,  has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Fox 
and  Root  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  di- 
versified with  prairies  and  oak  openings,  in  which  the  oak 
and  hickory  abound.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  (Niagara)  limestone  underlies  part  of 
the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  and  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroads,  the  first  two  of  which  connect 
with  Racine,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,740 ;  in  1875, 
28.702  ;  in  1880,  30,922 ;  in  1890,  36,268. 


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Racine*  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  Rirer,  4  miles  N.  of  Vamer  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Racine )  a  post-hamlet  of  Mower  oo.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
from  Grand  Meadow  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

RacinC)  Newton  co.,  Mo.     See  Dayton. 

Racine*  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township,  Meigs  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  9  miles  above  Pomeroy.  It  contains 
an  academy  or  high  school,  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  2  car- 
riage-shops, a  woollen-mill,  <ko.  Coal  is  mined  near  this 
place.     Pop.  560. 

Racine*  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  and  county  seat  of  Racine 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the 
mouth  of  Root  River,  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
62  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the  second  city  of  the  state 
in  population  and  commerce,  and  has  one  of  the  best  har- 
bors on  the  lake.  The  city  is  handsomely  laid  out,  with 
wide  streets  crossing  at  right  angles,  and  contains  the  court- 
house, St.  Luke's  Hospital,  the  Taylor  Orphan  Asylum,  new 
city  hall,  the  new  post-office,  and  the  massive  buildings  of 
the  "University  of  the  West  and  Northwest"  (Protestant 
Episcopal),  formerly  known  as  Racine  College.  Racine  has 
37  churches,  large  threshing-machine-works  and  woollen- 
mills,  3  extensive  wagon-factories,  a  steel-plough-factory, 
11  fanning-mill-faotories,  9  tanneries,  linseed-oil-works, 
foundries,  machine-shops,  wire-works,  3  pump-factories,  5 
glove-  and  mitten-factories,  and  manufactories  of  pianos, 
cotton  batting,  and  flax.  Three  national  banks  and  1  pri- 
vate bank  have  a  paid-up  capital  and  surplus  of  $975,000. 
Its  educational  advantages  are  unsurpassed  W.  of  Lake 
Michigan.  Besides  the  university,  there  are  St.  Catharine's 
Academy  for  young  ladies,  the  McMurphy  Home  School 
for  young  ladies,  and  the  Rowland  Academy.  The  public 
schools  are  gra(led,  embracing  a  high  school  and  8  fine 
ward  schools,  with  intermediate  primary  divisions  and  kin- 
dergarten departments,  requiring  a  corps  of  81  teachers. 
Racine's  manufacturing  enterprises  require  corresponding 
shipping  facilities,  and  these  are  supplied  by  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad  and  by  the  Racine  &  Southwestern 
division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
extending  from  Racine  (with  a  branch  to  Milwaukee)  to 
Savanna,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River.  On  the  lake,  the 
West  Shore  steamboat  line  makes  daily  trips  each  way  be- 
tween Chicago  and  northern  ports ;  the  lines  of  lower  lake 
propellers  and  two  Lake  Superior  lines  make  regular  stops 
at  this  port.  In  addition  to  these,  there  are  owned  at  the 
port  of  Racine  46  sailing-vessels,  of  8681  aggregate  ton- 
nage. Racine  was  first  settled  in  1835  ;  incorporated  as  a 
eity  in  1848.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,031 ;  in  1890,  21,014. 

Racine  Junction*  a  station  of  the  Western  Union 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  with  the  Chicago  <fc  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  2  miles  from  Racine,  Wis. 

Racisbarg*  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Ratzeburg. 

Rack'et  (or  Raquette)  Lake*  New  York,  is  in  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  1731  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  about  14  miles  in  extent,  and  is 
irregular  in  form.  Its  surplus  water  passes  through  a  short 
outlet  into  Long  Lake. 

Racket  River*  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
is  the  outlet  of  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which  are 
Racket  and  Long  Lakes.  It  runs  first  northwestward,  and 
drains  part  of  Franklin  co.,  from  which  it  passes  into  St. 
Lawrence  co.  Turning  gradually  to  the  right,  it  flows 
northward  and  northeastward,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
River  on  the  boundary  between  New  York  and  Canada. 
Length,  about  140  miles. 

Racket  River*  a  post-hamlet  in  Massena  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racket  River,  about  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Malone. 

Raconigi,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Racconiqi. 

Racoon.     See  Raccoox. 

Racz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Becse. 

Racz-Keve,  rits-ki'vS,^  an  island  in  the  Banube,  28 
miles  long,  and  from  1  to  2  miles  broad.  Its  N.  point  is 
immediately  S.  of  Pesth. 

Racz-Keve*  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  22  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Pesth,  on  the  above  island.     Pop.  5672. 

Radack*  r&'d&k,  (or  Radak)  Chain*  an  island-chain 
in  the  Pacific,  having  a  general  N.N.W.  and  S.S.E.  course, 
eastward  of  and  nearly  parallel  to  the  Ralick  chain  of 
Micronesia,  the  two  chains,  with  some  sporadic  islands, 
forming  the  Marshall  Archipelago. 

Radama,  r&'d9,-mS.,  a  small  island  and  bay  of  Mada- 
gascar, on  the  N.W.  coast. 

Rada- nel- Chianti*  r&'d&-n£l-ke-&n'tee,  or  Castel - 
di-Rada*  k4s-tfir-dee-r4'd4,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N.  of  Siena.     Pop.  2876. 


Radantz*  r&'dSwts,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina, 

10  miles  S.W.  of  Sereth.     Pop.  7249. 

Radeberg*  ri'd^h-b^RoS  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Roder.  Pop.  5894.  It  has  im- 
portant manufactures  of  ribbons,  gloves,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Radeburg*  r4'd9h-b66RG\  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Roder,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Dresden.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pottery,  starch,  Ac.     Pop.  2658. 

Radeuin*  ri^d^h-neen',  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  1080. 

Ra'der's*  a  station  in  Greene  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Greeneville. 

Ra'dersbnrg*  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Montana, 
is  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena,  and  5  miles  W.  of  the 
Missouri  River.  Gold  is  found  here,  and  is  the  chief  arti- 
cle of  export.     Pop.  311. 

Radevormwald*  r&M^h-voBm-w&ld',  or  Rade  vorm 
Walde*  ri*d§h  vonm  ^^il'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Dusseldorf,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Barmen.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  fabrics,  leather, 
hardware.  Ac.     Pop.  8976. 

Rad'ford*  a  hamlet  of  Christian  co..  111.,  in  Prairieton 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Decatur. 

Radford  Furnace*  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va., 

11  miles  S.  of  Dublin.     Here  is  a  charcoal-furnace. 
Rad'fordsville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  about 

26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Selma. 

RadMiunpoor'*  or  Rad^humpoor'*atown  of  India, 
capital  of  the  native  state  of  the  same  name,  in  the  Pah- 
lunpoor  agency,  Guzerat.  Lat.  23°  28'  N.;  Ion.  71°  30'  E. 
Pop.  13,910.  The  state  has  an  area  of  800  square  miles, 
and  a  pop.  of  91,579. 

Raa'ical*  post-office.  Stone  co..  Mo.,  on  White  River. 

Radical  City*  a  post-village  in  Sycamore  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  on  Elk  River,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Independence.      It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Radicena*  ri-de-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  11  miles  E.  of  Palmi.     Pop.  4974. 

Radicofani*  r4-de-ko-f4'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  36  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Siena,  on  the  slope  of  a  volcanic  mountain  of  the 
same  name.     Pop.  2884. 

Radicondoli*  r4-de-kon'do-Ie,  or  Ridicondoli*  re- 
de-kon'do-lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Siena,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Volterra.     Pop.  3962. 

Radimin*  r4-de-meen',  or  Radzimin*  r4d-ze-meen', 
a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  and  12  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Warsaw.     Pop.  3866. 

Radkersburg*  rid'k^rs-bSSRG^  a  town  of  Styria,  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Griitz,  on  the  Mur.     Pop.  2055. 

Radmansdorf*  r4d'm4ns-doBr,  written  also  Ro> 
dolza  and  Radoulza*  a  town  of  Austria,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Laybach,  on  the  Save.     Pop.  1120. 

Radna,  rSd-nSh',  written  also  Rodna*  a  village  of 
Transylvania,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bistritz,  on  the  Szamos. 
Pop.  2160. 

Radnau*  Transylvania.     See  Radnoth. 

Radnitz*  r4d'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Pilsen.     Pop.  3024. 

Rad'nor*  or  Radnorshire*  rad'n9r-8hir,  a  county 
of  South  Wales,  having  N.  the  cos.  of  Montgomery  and 
Salop.  Area,  432  square  miles.  Pop.  21,791.  The  surface, 
except  in  the  S.E.,  is  bleak  and  mountainous.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Wye,  Arrow,  and  Lugg.  Sheep  and  cattle  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  county.  Chief  towns,  Presteign, 
New  Radnoi-,  and  Knighton.  The  county  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to 
the  Bouverie  family. 

Radnor*  New,  a  borough  of  South  Wales,  camtal  of 
the  CO.  of  Radnor,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brecon.  Pop.  of 
parliamentary  borough,  2190. 

Rad'nor*  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.    Pop.  948. 

Radnor*  a  post-township  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.,  is  bounded 
W.  by  the  Scioto  River.  Pop.  1255.  Radnor  Post-Office 
and  Station  are  at  Delhi. 

Radnor*  a  post-village  in  Radnor  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.    It  has  3  churches.    P.  of  township,  1431. 

Radnor  Forges*  Quebec.    See  Fermont. 

Radnorshire*  England.     See  Radnor. 

Radnoth*  rid'not,  Radnau*  r&d'ndw,  or  Jernot* 
yfir'not,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Maros,  44  miles 
N.  of  Hermannstadt.     Pop.  1200. 

Radoch  Kovitchi,  Russia.    SeeRADOSH  Kovitchi. 

Radokala*  ri-do-k4'l4,  or  Rimski-KorsakoffV 
rim'skee-kor-si-kofi',  a  group  of  islands  of  the  North  Pa- 


m 


RAD 


2244 


RAI 


oifio,  in  MarshaU's  Archipelago.  Lat.  11°  8'  and  11°  26'  N. ; 
Ion.  166°  26'  and  167°  14'  E.  The  islands  are  principally 
two, — a  larger,  about  26  miles  long,  and  a  less,  situated  to 
the  S.  of  it,  and  14  miles  long. 

Radolfszell,  r&'dolf-tsdir,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Unter  See,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1803. 

Radom,  ri'dom,  a  town  of  Poland,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, on  the  lladomka,  57  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  11,339. 
Tt  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  Roman 
Uatholic  churches  and  Piarist  and  Lutheran  colleges. 

Radom,  a  province  or  government  of  Russia,  in  Poland, 
bounded  S.E.  by  Austrian  Galicia.  Area,  4768  square 
miles.     Capital,  Radom.     Pop.  541,993. 

Ra'dom,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  111.,  in 
iishley  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.  of  Ashley.  It  has  a  church  and  a  money-order  post- 
oflOice.     Radom  was  settled  by  Poles  in  1873. 

Radomir,  r&-do-meer',  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghiustendil. 

Radomsk,  r&-domsk',  or  Radomsko,  r&-dom'sko,  a 
town  of  Poland,  province  and  18  miles  S.E.  of  Ealisz,  on 
the  railway  to  Warsaw.     Pop.  3708. 

Radomysly  r&'do-misT,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kiev,  on  the  Teterev.     Pop.  5905. 

Radomysl,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Tarnow.     Pop.  1831, 

Radosh  Kovitchi,  Radoch  Kovitchi,  or  Ra- 
dosch  Kovitschi,  r&-do8h'  ko-vit'chee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1351. 

Radoulza,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Radhansdorf. 

RadovitZ)  r&'do-vits\  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia, 
50  miles  S.  of  Ghiustendil,  on  the  Radovitz  River. 

Radstadt)  r&d'st&t,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Salzburg, 
on  the  Enns,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Salzburg. 

Radwan,  r&d'^&n,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl,  on 
the  Gran,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  1348. 

Radzimin,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.     See  Radihin. 

Radzyn,  r&d'zin,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Siedleo.     Pop.  4351. 

Rae  Bareli,  India.    See  Roy  Bareillt. 

Rae'ville^  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Neb. 

Rafa^  r&'fd,  (anc.  Ra'phia),  a  town  of  Palestine,  near 
the  frontier  of  Egypt,  4  or  5  miles  from  the  Mediterranean. 

Raffles  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Coburg 
Peninsula,  in  North  Australia,  13  miles  E.  of  Port  Essing- 
ton.     Lat.  11°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  132°  20'  E. 

R&fsund,  rif'soond,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  26 
miles  S.E,  of  Ostersund.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W,  to 
S.E.,  24  miles;  breadth,  about  9  miles.  It  has  a  large 
island,  and  a  village  of  the  same  name  on  its  E.  shore,  and 
discharges  itself  at  the  S.E.  into  the  Njurunda. 

Raft  Creek,  Idaho,  runs  northward  through  Owyhee 
«o.,  and  enters  Snake  River  near  lat.  113°  10'  W. 

Rafting  Creek,  township,  Sumter  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1585. 

Raft  River  Bridge,  post-office,  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Ragatz,  r&'g&ts,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Gall,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  gorge  through  which  the  Tamina  rushes  to  the  Rhine. 
It  is  noted  for  its  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1825. 

Ragendorf,  ri'gh^n-doRf,  or  Rajka,  ri'kSh,  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wieselburg,  on 
the  Danube.     Pop.  2621. 

Ragersville,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     See  Rogersville. 

Rag'ged  Island,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Vcotia,  21  miles  from  Shelburne.     Pop.  359. 

Ragged  Island  (East  Side),  a  post-hamlet,  3  miles 
from  the  above.     Pop,  150. 

Rag'ged  Mountains,  a  range  on  the  border  between 
Grafton  and  Merrimack  cos.,  N.H.     Height,  2000  feet. 

Raghib,  r&^gheeb',  a  village  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E. 
coast.  12  miles  N.E.  of  Makallah. 

Raghooghnr,  or  Rahgoogurh.    See  Ragooohur. 

Raghunathpoor,  India.    See  Rogonautpoor. 

Ragian,  ri-ghe-in',  or  Rhngian,  rug^e-in',  a  town 
of  Persia,  in  Ears,  3  miles  W.  of  Behbehan. 

Rag'ian,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  375. 

Rag'lan,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  8i  miles 
N.  of  Oshawa.     Pop.  100. 

Raglesville,  ra'ghelz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co., 
Ind.,  about  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes. 

Ragnit,  rig'nit,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  30  miles  N. 
of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Niemen.     Pop.  3857. 

Ragol,  r4-gol',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  18  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  1376. 

Ragooghnr,  Ragooghur,  ri-goo-gur',  or  Rah- 
googurh, a  town  of  India,  province  of  Malwah,  133 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Gwalior. 


Rags'dale,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex. 

Raguhn,  ri'goon,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Anhalt,  on 
the  Mulde,  8  miles  S.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  1785. 

Ragusa,  r8,-goo's4,  a  river  of  Sicily,  flows  S.,  and  enters 
the  Mediterranean  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Modica. 

Ragusa,  r4-goo'8&,  or  Raugia,  ri-oo'ji  or  row'ji 
(Slav.  Duhrovnik,  doo-brov'nik ;  Turk.  Paprovnik,  pi-prov- 
nik'  or  p4-prov-neek'),  a  seaport  city  of  Dalmatia,  on  a 
peninsula  of  the  Adriatic,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cattaro. 
Lat.  of  the  mole  fort,  42°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  7'  E.  Pop. 
8823.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, with  fine  works  of  art,  a  large  Gothic  custom-house, 
a  palace  of  the  former  reetors  of  the  republic,  a  guard- 
house, barracks,  a  lyceum,  a  lazaretto,  a  theatre,  and  in  its 
vicinity  numerous  elegant  villas.  The  port,  immediately 
S.  of  the  city,  is  fitted  only  for  small  vessels,  and  its  trade, 
once  important,  has  greatly  declined.  It  is  frequently 
visited  by  earthquakes.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks, 
leather,  and  rosoglio,  which,  with  oil,  anchovies,  and  the 
products  of  Herzegovina,  constitute  the  chief  exports.  Ra- 
gusa, founded  about  the  middle  of  the  seventh  century, 
continued  to  be  a  republic,  under  the  successive  protection 
of  the  Greeks,  Venetians,  and  Turks,  until  1806,  when  it 

was  erected  by  Napoleon  into  a  duchy  for  Marmont. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Ragusan,  ri-goo'san.  Ragusa  Vecchia, 
r4-goo'8&  vfik'ke-i  ("Old  Ragusa"),  a  village  on  the  Adri- 
atic, 7  miles  S.E.  of  the  foregoing,  was  the  ancient  Epi- 
daurus,  which  is  said  to  have  been  destroyed  by  the  Croats 
in  6  J6.     It  has  many  vestiges  of  antiquity. 

Ragusa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  3  miles  W.  of  Modica,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ragusa.  Pop.  28,370.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens  and  silks,  with  a  trade  in  corn,  oil, 
wine,  and  cheese.    Near  it  stood  the  ancient  Hyhla  Heitea. 

Rahabeh,  r&-h&'bdh,  a  oastle  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  AV.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  between  Rakka  and  Anah. 

Rahad,  r&h&d',  a  river  of  Abyssinia  and  Nubia,  joins 
the  Bahr-ei-Azrek,  or  Blue  Nile,  67  miles  N.  of  Sennaar, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  260  miles. 

Rahdunpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Radhcnpoor. 

Raheia,  ri-hi'a,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Jaloun. 

Rahmaneeah,  or  Rahmanieh,  r&H-m&-nee'Qh,  a 
town  of  Egypt,  province  of  Bahari,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rosetta,  on  the  Rosetta  branch  of  the  Nile. 

Rahn,  r&hn,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1227. 

Rahn's,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.  of  Perkiomen  Junction. 
It  has  a  foundry  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Raho,  r&'ho\  a  village  of  Hungary,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Szigeth.     Pop.  2110. 

Rahoon,  or  Rahun,  r&-hoon',  also  called  Rhan, 
rhin,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Loodianah.     Pop.  14,394. 

Rahova,  ri-ho'vi,  or  Orava,  o-ri'vi,  a  town  of  Bul- 
garia, 55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Widin,  on  the  Danube. 

Rahway,  raw'wi,  a  small  river  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in 
Essex  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Union  co.,  and  enters 
Staten  Island  Sound  5  miles  S.  of  Elizabeth. 

Rahway,  a  city  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Rahway 
River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  New  York  di- 
vision of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Perth  Amboy  A  Woodbridge  Railroad,  19  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York,  5  miles  S.W.  of  B>:zabeth,  and  12  miles  N.E, 
of  New  Brunswick.  Schooners  can  ascend  the  river  from 
Staten  Island  Sound  to  this  place.  It  contains  17  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  gas-works,  electric  light  and 
railway  plants,  extensive  manufactures  of  carriages,  cloth- 
ing, shoes,  printing-presses,  woollen  goods,  springs,  axles, 
and  wheels,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Many  business  men  of  New  York  City  reside 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  6258;  in  1880,  6455;  in  1890,  7106. 

Raiatea,  ri-i-ti'i,  or  Laiatea,  li-4-t4'A  (the  Ulitea 
of  Cook),  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific,  130 
miles  N.W.  of  Tahiti.  Lat.  16°  50'  S.;  Ion.  151°  24'  W. 
Principal  products,  arrow-root  and  cocoa-nuts. 

Rai  Bareli,  India.     See  Roy  Bareilly. 

Raib's,  rabz,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  HI., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  2i  miles 
W.  of  Belleville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Raichor,  rrchor',  Raichoor,  rrchoor',  or  Ra- 
choor,  ri^choor',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's  domin- 
ions, 110  miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad.  Lat.  16°  12'  N.;  Ibn. 
77°  25'  E. 

Raidah,  ri'di,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E. 
coast.  Lat.  15°  N.;  Ion.  50°  30'  E.  Pop.  700.  Principal 
exports,  frankincense,  aloes,  ambergris,  and  shark-fin« 

Raidrug,  a  town  of  India      See  Bydroog. 


RAI 


2245 


RAL 


Raif  (raf)  Branch,  apost-hamlot  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ala.,  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Raig^arh  Bargarh,  India.    See  Ryghur. 

Rai-Koke,  ri-ko'k4,  written  also  Rau-Koko  and 
Rach-Koke,  one  of  the  Eooril  Islands,  in  the  Paoifio 
Ocean.     Lat.  4S°  16'  N.j  Ion.  153°  15'  E. 

Raikot,  ri-k5t',  also  written  Raiekote,  a  town  of 
India,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Loodianah.     Pop.  9165. 

Rail  Road,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  632. 

Rail 'road,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Shrews- 
bury township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  York.  It  has  a  tannery,  2  grist-mills,  a  distillery,  a 
brewery,  and  a  manufactory  of  phosphate. 

Railroad  Flat,  a  post-village  cf  Calaveras  co.,  Cal., 
40  miles  from  Milton.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  quartz- 
mill,  &c.     Gold  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Rain'boAV,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  13  miles  N.  of 
Hartford.     It  has  a  church  and  several  paper-mills. 

Raiueburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ouanienburg. 

Raine  (rin)  Islet,  an  islet  in  the  Great  Barrier  Reef, 
in  Australasia.     Lat.  11°  36'  S.;  Ion.  14-1°  2'  E. 

Raiuham  (ran'am)  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Haldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  from  Dunnville.     Pop.  100. 

Rainier,  ra'neer,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Columbia  River,  nearly  opposite  Monticello,  and 
50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Rainier,  Mount.     See  Mocnt  Rainier. 

Rains,  ranz,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Lake 
Fork.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The  soil  is 
fertile.    Capital,  Emory.    Pop.  in  1880,  3035;  in  1890,  3909. 

Rainsborough,  rans'bur-rilh,  a  post-village  in  Paint 
township.  Highland  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chil- 
licothe.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.    Pop.  220. 

Rainsburg,  ranz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Colerain  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Bedford  Springs, 
and  about  46  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
seminary  or  normal  school,  a  carriage-shop,  and  2  tanneries. 

Raiustown,  ranz'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  tin-ware,  tiles, 
pumps,  (fee. 

Rainsville,  ranz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
Ind.,  on  Pine  Creek,  22  miles  W.  of  Lafayette. 

Rainy  (ran'§)  Lake  (Fr.  Lac  de  la  Pluie,  lik  d?h  14 
plii^ee'),  in  North  America,  160  miles  W.  of  Lake  Superior, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  Rainy  River  into  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods.     Its  banks  are  covered  with  forests. 

Rainy  River,  the  outlet  of  Rainy  Lake,  forms  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Minnesota  and  Canada.  It  runs 
westward  and  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Lake  of  the 
Woods.     Length,  100  miles.     It  is  navigable. 

Raipoor,  or  Raipur,  rrpoor',  also  written  Rye- 
poor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Raipoor  district,  174 
miles  E.  of  Nagpoor,     Pop.  16,645. 

Raipoor,  or  Raipur,  a  district  of  India,  Central 
Provinces,  Chutteesgurh  division.  Area,  11,885  square 
miles.  It  is  a  part  of  a  low  sandstone  plateau.  Capital, 
Raipoor.     Pop.  1,093,405. 

Raira-Khol,  ri^ra-k'hol',  a  native  state  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces.     Area,  833  square  miles.     Pop.  12,660. 

Raisin  (ra'z'n)  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Raisin  town- 
ship, Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Raisin  River,  about  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1572. 

Raisin  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  or  near  Hillsdale  co., 
and  drains  parts  of  Jackson  and  Washtenaw  cos.  It  runs 
southward  through  Lenawee  and  eastward  through  Monroe 
CO.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  2  miles  below  the  city  of  Monroe. 
It  is  about  140  miles  long,  and  aflfords  much  water-power. 

Raisinville,  ra'z'n-vil,  a  post-village  in  Raisinville 
township,  Monroe  oo.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  Oanada  Southern  Railroad,  41i  miles  S.W.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  180 ;  of  the  township,  1891. 

Raismes,  rim  or  r4m,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Northern  Railway,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Valenciennes. 
Pop.  3138.     It  has  coal-mines  and  iron-works. 

Rajagriha,  ri-ji-gree'%,  a  ruined  town  of  British 
India,  16  miles  S.  of  Bahar. 

Rajahmundry,  ra,-j&-mfin'dree,  a  town  of  British 
India,  capital  of  the  district  of  Qodavery,  on  the  Qodavery, 
about  43  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  73  miles  N.E.  of  Ma- 


sulipatam.  Lat.  16°  25'  N.j  Ion.  81°  64'  E.  It  stands  on 
a  height,  and  has  a  fort  and  a  terraoed  bazaar,  with  numer- 
ous mosques.     Pop.  19,738. 

Rajakera,  r&-j&-k4'r&,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bhurt- 
poor  dominions,  24  miles  S.  of  Agra. 

Rajamahal,  r&'j&-m&-h&r,  written  also  Rajema- 
hal  and  Rajmuhal  ("the  royal  residence"),  a  town  of 
Bengal,  in  the  Santal  Pergunnahs,  on  the  Ganges,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  Moorshedabad.  Formerly  a  place  of  great  im- 
portance, it  has  declined  to  a  mere  hamlet;  but  it  is  a  rail- 
way terminus  and  the  seat  of  some  trade. 

Rajano,  ri-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  3193. 

Raj^apoor',  or  Raj^poor',  a  town  of  India,  distriot 
and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutnagherry.     Pop.  5367. 

Rfy  apoor,  a  town  of  the  North-West  Provinces,  India, 
Allahabad  division.     Pop.  5165. 

Rajecz,  rJL^yfits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Trentschin, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Waag,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Neusohl. 
Pop.  5575. 

Rajemahal,  or  Rajmuhal.    See  Rajamahal. 

Ra^jeshah'ye,or  Ra\jeshah'ye  Cooch  Ba^har', 
a  division  or  commissionership  of  Bengal,  comprising  th« 
districts  of  Darjeeling,  Julpigoree,  Rungpoor,  Dinapoor, 
Bograh,  Maldah,  Rajeshahye,  and  Pabna,  and  the  state  of 
Cooch  Bahar.     Area,  19,256  square  miles.     Pop.  8,053,489. 

R«U^ghur',  or  Rajghar,  rij'gur',  a  town  of  India, 
state  and  25  miles  S.  of  Alvar.     Pop.  12,070. 

Raj^han',  a  town  of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan  district,  India. 
Pop.  5656. 

Rajka,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Raoendorf. 

Rajkot,  or  Raj  cote,  r&j-kSt',  a  town  of  India,  lat. 
22°  18'  N.,  Ion.  70°  50'  E.,  on  the  Kattywar  peninsula. 
Pop.  11,979.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  Rajkot  state,  a  chief- 
tainship of  the  Halar  division,  Guzerat,  paying  tribute  to 
the  British.     Area,  269  square  miles.     Total  pop.  36,770. 

Rajnug'gur,  or  Rajnagar,  raj-nilg'Qr,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Backergunge  district.  Lat.  23°  18'  15"  N. ;  Ion. 
90°  23'  E.     Pop.  6365.     See  Nagobe. 

RajoAVlee,  or  Rajauli,  r&-j5w']ee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Gayah  district.    Lat.  24°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  32'  E.   Pop.  5012. 

Rajpeepla,  or  Rajpipla,r9,j-pee'pl&,  one  of  the  Re- 
wakanta  states  of  India,  tributary  to  Baroda.  Area,  1231 
square  miles.  Lat.  21°  23'-21°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  6'-74°  E. 
It  produces  carnelians,  wrought  and  unwrought.  P.  120,036. 

Rajpeepla,  a  decayed  town  of  India,  capital  of  Raj- 
peepla state,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Baroda. 

Rajpoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Rajapoob. 

Rtypootana,  rS,j^poo-t&'n&,  a  region  in  the  N.W.  of 
India,  consisting  of  18  native  states  (known  as  Rajpoot 
states,  from  their  dominant  race,  the  Rajpoots).  It  com- 
pletely encloses  the  province  of  A j  mere,  and  extends  from 
Ion.  69°  35'  to  78°  10'  E.  (520  miles)  and  from  lat.  23°  15' 
to  30°  10'  N.  (490  miles).  Area,  129,750  square  miles. 
Much  of  the  region  is  almost  a  desert,  but  it  has  many  very 
pleasant  and  fertile  tracts.  The  states  are  assigned  to  va- 
rious British  political  agencies,  which  assist  in  their  man- 
agement. The  principal  states  are  Odeypoor,  Jeypoor, 
Bickaneer,  Joodpoor,  Dholepoor,  Bhurtpoor,  and  Alwar. 
Tonk  is  a  Mohammedan  state,  while  Dholepoor  and  Bhurt- 
poor are  mainly  peopled  by  Jats ;  but  in  the  rest  of  Raj- 
pootana  the  Rajpoots  are  dominant.    P.  (1891)  12,300,150. 

Rajshahye,  Bengal.    See  Rajeshahte. 

Rakas-Tal,  a  lake  of  Thibet.     See  Ravana-Hrasa. 

Raker,  Northumberland  oo..  Pa.     See  Hunter. 

Rakhaing,  a  province  of  India.     See  Aracan. 

Rakka,  Rakkah,  or  Racca,  r&k'ki  (anc.  NicepKo'- 
rium),  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates, 
92  miles  S.E.  of  Bir. 

Rakonitz,  r&'ko-nits^  written  also  Rokownjk,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  two  small  rivers,  30  miles  W.  of 
Prague.  It  has  ooal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  paper, 
porcelain,  iron,  Ac.     Pop.  4274. 

Rakwitz,  r&k'^its,  or  Rakoniewice,  ri,-kon-y&- 
^eet'sA,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Posen. 

Raiding,  r&l'ding,  a  mountain  of  India,  in  the  Hima- 
layas, on  the  Sutlej.  Lat.  31°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  78®  22'  E. 
Height,  21,411  feet. 

Raleigh,  raw'lee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Kanawha  or  New  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  Coal  River  and  also  drained  by  Piney  and  Glade  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  The  Chesapeake 
&  Ohio  Railroad  passes  along  the  E.  border  of  this  county. 
Capital,  Raleigh  Court-House,  on  or  near  Piney  Creek. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3673;  in  1880,  7367;  in  1890,  9597. 


HAL 


2246 


RAM 


Raleigh,  a  post-Tillage  of  Saline  co.,  111.,  in  Raleigh 
township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shawneetown,  and  6 
miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2108. 

Raleigh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bush  co.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rock 
Creek,  about  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  aboat  200. 

Raleigh,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  4  or  5  miles  above  Shawneetown,  and  about  30  miles 
by  land  W,  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Raleigh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smith  co..  Miss., 
about  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  cotton-gin,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  250. 

Raleigh,  a  city  of  North  Carolina,  the  capital  of  the 
state  and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Wake  co.,  is  133  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Wilmington,  N.C.,  and  286  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.  Lat.  35°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  near  78«  40'  W.  The  city  is 
situated  on  elevated  ground  and  in  the  centre  has  an  open 
area,  called  Union  Square,  from  which  four  principal 
streets,  99  feet  wide,  extend  in  diflFerent  directions.  Here 
is  located  the  capitol  building,  a  handsome  granite  edifice 
with  massive  columns  and  surmounted  by  a  dome.  It  is 
166  feet  long,  90  feet  wide,  and  cost  $740,000.  Raleigh  also 
contains  a  penitentiary,  a  United  States  court-house,  a  state 
lunatic  asylum,  an  institution  for  the  blind,  an  agricultural 
and  mechanical  college,  a  state  experimental  farm,  agricul- 
tural department  buildings,  supreme  court  and  state  library 
buildings,  Peace  Institute  and  St.  Mary's  school  for  white 
girls,  Shaw  University  (colored)  for  both  sexes,  St.  Augus- 
tine's normal  school  (colored)  for  both  sexes,  3  cotton-mills, 
an  extensive  phosphate-mill,  a  cotton-seed  oil  mill,  and 
iron-foundries,  planing-mills,  oar-building  plants,  and  rail- 
way-shops. It  has  24  churches  (10  white,  14  colored),  2 
national  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  print- 
ing offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers. 
Three  railways  converge  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  9265;  in 
1890,  12,678;  present  pop.  about  15,600. 

Raleigh,  a  post- village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  a  nar- 
row-gauge railroad,  near  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Rail- 
road,' 9  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Raleigh,  a  village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  from 
Corsicana.     It  has  a  church. 

Raleigh  Court-House,  or  Beck'ley,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Charleston,  and  12  miles  from  Quinnimont  Rail- 
road Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a 
grist-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Raleigh  Court- 
House.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ralick,  r&'lik  (or  Ralik)  Chain,  a  series  of  numer- 
ous islands  in  the  Marshall  Archipelago,  Micronesia,  west- 
ward of  and  lying  in  a  chain  nearly  parallel  to  the  Radack 
chain. 

Ralls,  a  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Salt  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Spencer's  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abun- 
dance of  Lower  Silurian  and  carboniferous.limestones.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas,  Hannibal 
&  St.  Joseph,  and  St.  Louis  &  Hannibal  Railroads,  the  latter 
of  which  connects  with  New  London,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,510;  in  1880,  11,838;  in  1890,  12,294. 

Ralston,  rallz'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
on  Lycoming  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.     It  is  a  summer  resort. 

Ralston  Station,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  140  miles  W. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Rama,  ri'mi,  or  Ramala,  ri-m&'li,  a  town  of  Pal- 
estine, 26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jerusalem.  It  is  supposed  to 
be  the  ancient  Arimathea.     Pop.  2000. 

Rama,  an  Indian  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Couchiching,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bell  Ewart.  It  con- 
tains 2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop,  500. 

Ramagunga,  a  river  of  India.    See  Ramgunsa. 

Ramah,  ri'mi,  or  £r-Ram,  fir^rim',  a  village  of 
Palestine,  5  miles  N.  of  Jerusalem. 

Ram^apo',  or  Ramapo  Works,  a  post-village  of 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Ramapo  township,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of 
Paterson,  N.J.,  and  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  York.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  large  manufac- 


tory of  wheels  for  locomotives  and  cars.  The  valley  of  the 
Ramapo  presents  beautiful  scenery.  The  townshin  con- 
tains a  village  named  Sufifern.     Pop.  of  the  township*  5119. 

Ramapo  River  rises  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  and  runs 
southward  into  Bergen  co.,  N.J,,  which  it  intersects.  It 
runs  southwestward  through  Passaic  co.,  and  enters  the 
Pompton  River  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson. 

Rambae,  a  city  of  Ecuador.    See  Cuenca. 

Rarabe,  rim-bi',  or  Gil'let,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands. 
Lat.  16°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  53'  40"  W.  There  is  a  large  set- 
tlement on  its  N.AY.  side. 

Rambervillers,  rftM'bfiaVe'yi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  on  the  Mortagne,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Epinal.  Pop. 
4910.  It  has  important  tanneries,  manufactures  of  linens, 
leather,  ticking,  woollen  hosiery,  and  earthenwares,  and 
extensive  paper-mills. 

Rambla,  La,  towns  of  Spain  and  of  the  island  of  Ten- 
eriffe.    See  La  Rambla. 

Rambodde,  rim-bod'di,  a  sanitarium  in  the  central 
province  of  Ceylon,  34  miles  from  Kandy. 

Rambonillet,  rftM^boo^yi'  or  rftM^booryi',  a  town  of 
France,  Seine-et-Oise,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Versailles,  on  the 
railway  from  Paris  to  Chartres.  Pop.  4294.  It  has  a  fine 
chS,teau,  with  a  large  and  beautiful  park. 

Ram  Das,  a  town  of  India,  Amritsir  district.    P.  5855. 

Ram^droog',  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bejapoor.     Pop.  6543. 

Ram'ea  Islands,  a  group  near  Newfoundland,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Burgeo.     Pop.  185. 

Rame  (raim)  Head,  a  promontory  of  England,  oo. 
of  Cornwall,  bounding  the  entrance  to  Plymouth  Sound  on 
the  W.     Lat.  50°  19'  N.;  Ion.  4°  13'  W. 

Ramel'ton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  the 
AV.  side  of  Lough  Swilly,  15  miles  W.  of  Londonderry. 

Ra'melton,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Ramer,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.     See  Athens. 

Ra'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Corinth,  Miss. 

Rameshwaram,  India.    See  Ramisserah. 

Ra'mey,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark. 

Ramey,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Osceola. 

Ramgaon,  r&m-g&-on',  a  village  of  India,  district  of 
Kumaon,  17  miles  S.  of  Almora. 

Ram  ghaut,  r&m^gawt',  a  pass  of  India,  leading  from 
the  province  of  Bejapoor  over  the  West  Ghauts  to  the  Por 
tuguese  territories,  of  which  Panjim  is  the  capital. 

Ramgunga,  rim-gting'ga,  written  also  Ramagun> 
ga,  a  river  of  India,  after  a  W.  and  S.  course  of  250  miles 
joins  the  Ganges  5  miles  N.E.  of  Kanoje. 

Ramgurh,  or  Ramghar,  rS.m-guK',  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Alvar  state.     Pop.  5581. 

Ram  Mead,  a  promontory  of  New  South  Wales,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Howe.  Lat.  37°  40'  S.;  Ion.  149° 
30'  E. 

Ram  Hormooz,Ram  Hormonz,or  Ram  Hor- 
muz,  r&m  hor-mooz',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Jerahi,  82  miles  S.E.  of  Shooster. 

Ramillies,  ram'e-leez  (Fr.  pron.  Ri^meeryee'  or  e4^- 
mee^yee'),  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Louvain.     It  is  noted  for  Marlborough's  victory. 

Ramirez,  r3,-mee'r5s,  a  wooded  island  in  the  lake  of 
Tamiagua,  Mexico,  S.W.  of  Tampico. 

Ramirez,  Diego,  islands.    See  Diego  Ramirez. 

Ramisseram,  ri-mis's^h-r&m,  Ramis'erum,  or 
Ramesh'waram,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  ofi' 
the  S.  extremity  of  India.  Lat.  9°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  22'  E. 
It  has  a  remarkable  temple,  much  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage, 
and  is  the  scene  of  many  Hindoo  fables.  The  chief  port, 
Paumben,  is  on  its  W,  side.     Pop.  9407. 

Ramleah,  mountains  of  Arabia.     See  Shahmar. 

Ram'leh,  a  town  of  Palestine,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Jerusalem,  on  the  route  to  Jaffa.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Ramnad,  rim-nid',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  on  the  Vayah  (or  Vygay)  River,  125  miles  N.E. 
of  Cape  Comorin.  Lat.  9°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  56'  E.  It  has 
a  fort,  a  palace,  and  a  Protestant  church. 

Ramne,  rim'nee,  a  snowy  mountain  of  the  Himalayas, 
in  the  N.  of  the  province  of  Kumaon,  50  miles  N.  of  Al- 
mora.   Lat,  30°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  38'  E,    Height,  22,768  feet. 

Ramnng'gar,  a  town  of  India,  Bara  Banki  district, 
25  miles  E.  of  Lucknow.     P«ip.  5714. 

Ramnuggnr,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Ganges,  opposite 
Benares.     Pop.  11,953. 

Rampoor,  rim^poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Qurhwal, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Bussaher,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 


RAM 


2247 


RAN 


Butlej,  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belaspoor.  Lat.  31°  27'  N.j 
Ion.  77°  38'  E.  It  ie  a  favorite  place  of  Ilindoo  pilgrimage, 
»nd  has  some  commercial  importance.     P.  (1891)  73,630. 

Rampeor,  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Meerut.     Pop.  8464. 

Rampoor,  a  town  of  India,  in  Alvar  state.     P.  5381. 

Rampoor^  a  native  state  of  India,  surrounded  by 
British  districts  of  the  North-West  Provinces.  Lat.  28° 
S0'-29°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  55'-79°  30'  E.  Area,  945  square 
miles.  Pop.  507,013.  It  is  governed  by  a  native  chief 
with  the  title  of  nawab. 

Rampoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Rampoor 
state.  Lat.  28°  48'  N.;  Ion.  79°  5'  E.  It  is  rudely  fortified, 
has  a  hirge  mosque,  and  is  densely  peopled.     Pop.  22,921. 

Rampoor  Beauleah,  Bengal.     See  Bauleah. 

RamVee',  an  island  of  India,  in  Aracan,  N.E.  of  Che- 
duba.  Length,  50  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles.  It 
gives  name  to  a  province,  and  on  it  are  the  towns  of  Ram- 
lee  and  Kyouk  Phyoo. 

Raiuree,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Aracan,  on  Ram- 
ree  Island,  25  miles  S.  of  Kyouk  Phyoo.     Pop.  3663. 

Ramree,  a  district  of  India,  in  Aracan,  bounded  W, 
by  the  sea.  Area,  4309  square  miles.  Capital,  Kyouk 
Phyoo.     Pop.  144,177. 

Ramsay,  or  Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Isle  of  Man,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ramsay 
River,  in  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Douglas.     Pop.  3934. 

Ramsay,  or  Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  post-office  of  Sumter 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Gainesville  Branch  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gainesville. 

Ramsay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa. 

Ramsay,  or  Ramsey,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Mower 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.  of  Austin,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Ramsay,  Ontario.     See  Almonte. 

Ram'saytown,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Rarasaytown  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  452. 

Rams 'bottom,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
4  miles  N.  of  Bury,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  cotton- 
mills  and  print-works.     Pop.  4204. 

Ramsdorf,  rJms'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  "West- 
phalia, 33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Munster,  on  the  Aa.  Pop.  1134. 

Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Huntingdon.     Pop.  2378. 

Ramsey,  Isle  of  Man.     See  Rausat. 

Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  about  162  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  prairies,  groves,  and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Magnesian  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  crops 
out  at  St.  Paul,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  It  is 
traversed  by  a  number  of  railroads.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,085 ; 
in  1875,  36,333;  in  1880,  45,890;  in  1890,  139,796. 

Ramsey,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  936  square  miles.  Its  S.  boundary 
is  formed  principally  by  Lake  Minni  Wakan  (Devils  Lake), 
which  lies  between  it  and  Benson  co.  Capital,  Devils  Lake. 
Pop.  in  1880,  281  ;  in  1890,  4418. 

Ramsey,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.     See  Rausat. 

Ramsey,  a  post- village  in  Ramsey  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of 
Vandalia,  and  50  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3 
"lurches.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1862. 

Ramsey,  a  township  of  Anoka  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  325. 

Ramsey  Isle,  an  islet  off  the  coast  of  South  Wales, 
of  Pembroke,  at  the  N.  point  of  St.  Bride's  Bay,  3  miles 

I  of  St.  Davids.    Length,  2  miles. 

Ram'sey's,  a  post-village  in  Hohokus  township,  Ber- 
gen CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Rams'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  67  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  and 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canterbury.  Pop.  24,676.  The  town 
is  situated  on  the  declivity  and  summits  of  two  hills,  and 
on  the  interval,  or  gate,  between  them.  It  has  a  modern 
Gothic  church,  market-  and  custom-house,  a  bank,  bar- 
racks, assembly-rooms,  baths,  and  bazaars.  Its  artificial 
haven,  formed  by  two  stone  piers  projecting  from  1500  to 
2000  feet  into  the  sea,  encloses  an  inner  basin,  and  is  bor- 
dered by  wet  and  dry  docks.  Ramsgate  is  a  member  of 
the  cinque  port  of  Sandwich,  and  has  some  coasting-trade, 
fisheries,  and  imports  of  eggs,  fruit,  and  other  provisions 
from  France  and  the  Netherlands. 


Ram's  Island,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8i 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Antrim,  about  li  miles  from  the  shore. 

Ram's  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Placentia  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Little  Placentia.     Pop.  133. 

Ramstadt,  r&m'st&tt,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  on  the  Modau,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt. 
United  pop.  3907. 

Ramstein,  r&m'stine,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  near  Landstuhl.     Pop.  1391. 

Ram  Teak,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  7933. 

Ranaghat,  r8,n-g,-gawt',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea  dis- 
trict, 50  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  8871. 

Ranai,  r&'ni^  written  also  Lanai,  l&'ni\  one  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  W.  of  Mowee.  Lat 
20°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  156°  53'  W.  Length,  20  miles ;  breadth, 
10  miles.     Pop.  348. 

Ranaleburg,  ran'al-biirg,  a  post-office  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.,  N.C.,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Raneagua,  r&n-k&'gw&,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
O'Higgins,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Santiago.     Pop.  7000. 

Ranee,  r6N8s,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  tributary  to  the  Tarn.     Length,  25  miles. 

Ranee,  a  river  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine  and  C8tea- 
du-Nord,  after  a  N.  course  of  50  miles,  enters  the  English 
Channel  at  Saint-Malo. 

Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  Utah. 

Ran^chee',  or  Ranchi,  ran^chee',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Lohardaga  district  and  of  Chuta-Nagpoor  divis- 
ion. Lat.  23°  22'  N. ;  Ion,  85°  23'  E.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  library,  hospital,  and  jail,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  12,086. 

Ranch'es  of  Ta'os,  a  post-village  of  Taos  oo..  New 
Mexico,  about  140  mile»  from  Trinidad,  Col.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  flouring-mills.  It  is  built  of  adobe  (sun- 
dried  bricks).     Pop.  about  1600,  mostly  Mexicans, 

Ranchito,  r&n-chee'to,  post-office,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal. 

Rancho,  r&n'cho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex. 

Ranch  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Brazoria  co., 
Tex.,  9  miles  from  Oyster  Creek  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ranco'cas,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1 
mile  from  Rancocas  Creek,  2  miles  from  Masonville  Station, 
and  5  miles  W.  of  Mount  Holly.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rancocas  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  nearly  westward 
through  Burlington  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River 
about  10  miles  above  Philadelphia.  A  creek  called  the 
South  Branch  enters  the  Rancocas  3  or  4  miles  below  Mt. 
Holly.  The  upper  part  of  the  main  stream  is  sometimes 
called  the  North  Branch.  Small  vessels  can  ascend  it  t." 
Mt.  Holly,  about  14  miles. 

Ran9on,  r6N»^s6M»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute 
Vienne,  on  the  Gartempe,  6  miles  E.  of  Bellac.    Pop.  1972. 

Randalia,  ran-dal'ya,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,. 
Iowa,  in  Centre  township,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
&  Northern  Railroad.  27i  miles  N.  of  Independence. 

Ran'dall,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  the  Panhandle  of 
Texas.     Area,  900  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  187. 

Randall,  a  post-office  of  Dorsey  co.,  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Pine  BluflF. 

Randall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Skunk  River,  and  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Minneapolis 
Railroad,  54  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Randall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  at  Por- 
ter's Station  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
17  miles  W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  church  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Randall,  a  station  in  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chippewa 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Benson. 

Randall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Mohawk,  opposite  Yost's  Station 
of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fonda. 

Randall,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Cleveland. 

Randall,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  oo.,  W.  Ya. 

Randall,  a  township  of  Kenosha  co,.  Wis.     Pop.  649. 

Randall  Road,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co  ,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  Ran- 
somville. 

Randall's,  a  station  of  the  Jersey  City  <k  Albany  Rail 
road,  21  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Randall's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Miss., 
24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Macon. 

Ran'dallstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  100. 

Ran'dalisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 


RAN 


2248 


RAN 


in  Lebanon  township,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  at 
Smith's  Valley  Station,  19  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cheese-factory.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Chenango  Eiver  is  a  hamlet  called  Middleport. 

Rau'dalstowu;  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Antrim,  on  the  Main,  near  its  mouth  in 
Lough  Neagh.     Pop.  604. 

Randan,  r6N»Mflso',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
D8me,  21  miles  N.N.B.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1803. 

Randazzo,  rin-dit'so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Catania,  at  the  N.W.  foot  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  7945. 

Randerath,  rin'd§h-rS,t\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix'-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  1885. 

RanderS)  rin'd^rs,  a  town  of  Denmark,  Jutland,  22 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Aarhuus,  with  a  port  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Guden  in  the  Cattegat.  Pop.  11,354.  It  has  ship- 
building docks,  and  manufactures  of  gloves. 

Randersacker,  r3,n'd§r-sik^k§r,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Main,  3  miles  S.E.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  1450. 

Ran'dol,  township,  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.     P.  1534. 

Ran'dolph)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  599  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  Little  Tallapoosa.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  S.  part  of  this  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Wedowee.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,006;  in  1880,  16,575;  in  1890,  17,219. 

Randolph,  a  northeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Missouri.  Area,  about  622  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Black  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Spring  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Current  and 
Eleven  Points  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory, 
ash,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Si- 
lurian limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is 
crossed  in  its  S.E.  corner  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
&  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Pocahontas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7466;  in  1880,  11,724;  in  1890,  14,485. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  449  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Ichawaynochaway  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Pataula 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  hickory,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  two  branches  of  which  connect 
with  Cuthbert,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,561 ;  in  1880, 
13,341;  in  1890,  15,267. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  bor- 
'  dering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Kaskaskia  River,  which  enters  the  former 
at  Chester.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  ash, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  elm,  white  oak,  honey-locust,  tulip- 
tree,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone,  a  good 
material  for  building.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chester  &  Western,  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Centralia  &  Chester, 
Wabash,  and  St.  Louis,  Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroads. 
Capital,  Chester.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,859 ;  in  1880,  25,690 ; 
in  1890,  25,049. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  border- 
ing on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Mississinewa  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  White  River  (or  its  West  Fork),  which  rises  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  one-third 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St. 
Louis,  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Winchester.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,862;  in 
1880,  26,436;  in  1890,  28,085. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  East  Fork  of  Chariton  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Middle  Branch  and  the  South  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  by 
Bonne  Femme  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  by  prairies  and  tracts  of  good  timber.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  tobacco,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and 
beds  of  limestone.    It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad, 


the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Huntsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,908 ; 
in  1880,  22,751 ;  in  1890,  24,893. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Deep  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Uharee 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  extensive 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  AVheat,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  min- 
erals of  this  county  are  gold,  quartz,  and  slate.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  and  Cape  Fear  A  Yad- 
kin Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Ashborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,551;  in  1880,  20,836;  in  1890,  25,195. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  1175  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Cheat  and  Tygart's  Valley  Rivers,  and  3  branches  of 
the  Cheat,  namely,  the  Glade  Fork,  Laurel  Fork,  and  Dry 
Fork,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several 
long  parallel  ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  one  of 
which  is  called  Cheat  Mountain.  Here  are  forests,  in  which 
the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  tulip-tree  abound. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn, 
oats,  Ac.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone  and  slate. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  West 
Virginia  Central  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  one  of  which  con- 
nects with  Bererly,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  5563;  in 
1880,  8102;  in  1890,  11,633. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Selma.    It  has  2  churches.    It  is  surrounded  by  pine  forests. 

Randolph,  a  post-hamlet  in  Randolph  township,  Mc- 
Lean CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Bloomington.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a 
village  named  Hey  worth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1958. 

Randolph,  Randolph  co..  111.     See  Bremen. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  3475. 

Randolph,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind.,  at  Deer- 
field  Station. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
948.     It  contains  Romney. 

Randolph,  a  po.H-village  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Waterville,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Manhattan.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factories of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Randolph,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  oo.,  Ky.,  14  miles 
E.  of  Glasgow. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Boston.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  fine 
town  house,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  several  large  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  2  branches  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  4064. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.     P.  184. 

Randolph,  a  post-office  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss. 

Randolph,  a  village  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  about  6  miles  below  Kansas  City. 

Randolph,  Randolph  co..  Mo.    See  Remck. 

Randolph,  township,  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.     Pop.  676. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Gotham.  Its  S.  boundary  is  close  to  Mount  Adams  and 
Mount  Madison.     Pop.  138. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     P.  450. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  5111. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  in  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jamestown,  and  about  52  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains 
4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  the  Chamberlain 
Institute,  several  hotels,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1201.  The  township  contains  another  village, 
named  East  Randolph,  and  a  total  pop.  of  (1890)  2448. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.     P.  2077. 

Randolph,  a  post- village  in  Randolph  township,  Port- 
age CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.  of  Ravenna,  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Canton.     The  township  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1564. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  Coquille  River,  about  70  miles 
W.  of  Roseburg.     It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  gold-mine. 

Randolph,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about 
8  miles  E.  of  Meadville.     Pop.  1732. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Hatchie,  32 
miles  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  260. 

Randolph,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rich  co.,  Utah,  on 
Bear  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming. 
Pop.  in  1 890,  about  600. 


RAN 


2249 


RAN 


Randolph,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township, 
Orange  co,,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Montpelier,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Randolph  Station,  which  is  at  West  Randolph. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  a  state  normal  school.  It  is 
often  called  Randolph  Centre.  The  township  is  drained  by 
two  branches  of  Black  River,  and  contains  a  larger  village, 
•named  West  Randolph.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2829. 

Randolph,  a  station  in  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond &  Danville  Railroad,  86i  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Randolph,  township,  Columbia  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  1186. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Dodge  and  Columbia  cos.,  2.3i  miles  E.  of  Portage 
City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.      Pop.  about  500. 

Randolph  Centre,  a  post-oflBce  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Binghamton. 

Randolph  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rando1{)h  town- 
ship, Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Por- 
tage City.     It  has  a  church. 

Ran'dom  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of 
North  Milwaukee  Station.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Ran'dom  Sonnd,  a  narrow  passage  on  the  W.  side 
of  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  separating  Random  Island 
from  the  mainland.     It  is  about  10  miles  long. 

Ran'don,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gal- 
veston, Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio  Railroad,  9i  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Richmond. 

Ran'don  Creek,  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ala.,  flowa  into  the 
Alabama  River. 

Randow,  rin'dov,  a  river  of  Prussia,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Ucker  in  Pomerania.     Length,  70  miles. 

Raned,  rl'n4-5,  a  river  of  Sweden,  rises  in  Norrbotten, 
flows  S.S.E.,  and^  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles,  falls 
into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  18  miles  N.  of  Luleft. 

Raneah,  ri'ni^i,  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Ajmeer, 

14  miles  W.  of  Sirsa.     Near  it  is  an  immense  lake. 
Ra'nee  Ben'noor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  75 

miles  S.E.  of  Darwar.     Pop.,  with  Karimpoor,  11,623. 

Raneegunge,  or  Ranigaiij,  r&^nee-gfinj',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Burdwan  district,  on  the  Dammoodah  River,  100 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Calcutta.  Here  coal  is  extensively 
mined  for  shipment  by  rail  or  river.  Iron  ore  abounds 
near  it.     Pop.  6562 ;  or,  including  close  suburbs,  19,578. 

Raneegunge,  or  Raniganj,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Purneah  district,  16  miles  W.  of  Basantpoor.  Pop.,  with 
adjacent  villages,  6144. 

Ranelagh,  ran'e-lah,  a  suburb  of  the  Irish  metropolis, 
li  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin  Castle. 

Ranenborg,  ri'n5n-boRg\  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  85  miles  S.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  4594. 

Ranes,  rin,  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  of  commune,  2104. 

Rangatira,  rin-gatee'ri,  or  Southeast  Island, 
one  of  the  three  which  form  the  group  of  Chatham  Islands. 
Lat.  44°  20'  S.-;  Ion.  176°  29'  E. 

Range,  ranj,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     P.  376. 

Range,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1367. 
Range  Post-Office  is  at  Danville. 

Ran  gel  ey,  ranj 'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Rangeley  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Farm- 
ington.  It  has  several  saw-mills.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  Lake  Oquossuc,  7  miles  long.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, about  600. 

Rangeley  Lakes,  a  chain  of  lakes  in  the  W.  part  of 
Maine,  in  Franklin  and  Oxford  cos.  They  are  severally 
designated  Rangeley,  Cupsuptic,  Mooselucmaguntic,  Mole- 
chunkamunk  or  Upper  Richardson,  Lower  Richardson,  and 
Umbagog.  The  last  is  partly  in  New  Hampshire.  These 
lakes  are  connected  by  straits  or  short  streams,  and  form 
a  continuous  water  communication  for  about  50  miles. 
Game  and  fish  abound  in  this  region. 

Rangeley  Plantation,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo., 
Me.     Pop.  45. 

Rangendingen,  r&ng'^n-ding^^n,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hohenzollern,  on  the  Starzel,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Hechingen.     Pop.  1245. 

Ranger,  ran'j^r,  a  post-oflBce  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  about 

15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cannelton. 
Rangi-Ilaute,  r&N<>^zhe-h5t'  (?),  or  Pitt,  an  island 

of  the  South  Pacific,  Chatham  group,  in  lat.  44°  16'  S., 
Ion.  176°  50'  E.  Length,  7  miles ;  breadth,  about  3  miles. 
Rangi-Toto,  r&ng-ghe-to'to,  the  westernmost  of  the 
group  of  islands  forming  the  N.AV.  entrance  to  the  Road 
of  Auckland,  North  Island,  New  Zealand.  Lat.  36°  45' 
8.;  Ion.  174°  50'  E.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin.  Highest 
142 


peak,  920  feet  above  the  sea.  In  its  centre  is  a  very  per- 
fect crater,  about  150  feet  deep. 

Rangoon,  or  Rangoun,  r&ng^goon',  atown  of  India, 
capital  of  British  Burmah  and  of  Rangoon  district,  on  the 
E.  arm  of  the  Irrawaddy.  Lat.  16°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  96°  17'  E. 
A  railway  connects  it  with  Prome.  It  has  a  great  trade  in 
rice,  cotton,  petroleum,  and  teak  timber,  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  bishop,  has  a  great  prison,  a  splendid  Booddhist 
temple,  a  Baptist  college  and  theological  school,  is  accessible 
to  large  ships,  and  is  the  centre  of  important  traflBo  by  the 
river.     Pop.  in  l?i81,  134,176;  in  1891,  181,210. 

Rangoon,  a  former  maritime  district  of  British  Bur- 
mah, in  Pegu,  had  an  area  of  5691  square  miles.  It  is  now 
conterminous  with  the  town  of  the  same  name. 

Rangpnr,  Bengal.    See  Runopoor. 

Ranianburg,  Russia.    See  ORANisMBUBe. 

Rani-Gat,  r&'nee-g&t',  or  Rani-Gark,  India,  an 
isolated  height  W.  of  the  Indus,  above  Attook,  rising  about 
1000  feet  above  the  surrounding  plain.  It  is  crowned  by  a 
ruined  fortress,  and  supposed  to  be  the  celebrated  Aomu* 
captured  by  Alexander  the  Great. 

Raniguiy,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Raneeqcnge. 

Rank'in,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  755  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Strong  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  beech,  elm,  pine,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  a  division  of  the  Queen  <fc  Crescent  Route,  which  con- 
nects with  Brandon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,977;  in 
1880,  16,752;  in  1890,  17,922. 

Rankin,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Butler 
township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  E.  of  Paxton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  money-order  post-oflSce.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rankin,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  from  Pembroke.     Pop.  100. 

Rankin's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn., 
on  French  Broad  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumber- 
land Gap  A  Charleston  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  stores. 

Rankin's  Mills,  or  Ben'ton,  a  post-village  in  Carle- 
ton  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  S.  of  Wood- 
stock.    Pop.  200. 

Rankweil,  r&nk'wil,  a  town  of  Austria-Hnngary,  in 
Tyrol,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Feldkirch.     Pop.  2410. 

Rannoch,  Loch,  Scotland.     See  Loch  Rannocb. 

Rann's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Shia- 
wassee CO.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  manufactures  of  flour,  carriages,  and  lumber. 

Ransart,  r&n'saRt,  a  villlage  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 

3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  3200. 
Ransbeek,  r&ns'b&k,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 

6  miles  N.  of  Brussels. 

Ran'som,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
h!\s  an  area  of  about  864  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Sheyenne  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Lisbon.  Pop. 
in  1880,  537;  in  1890,  5393. 

Ransom,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township.  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  10  miles  E.  of  Streator,  and  79  miles  from  Chicago. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ransom,  a  poet-village  and  township  of  Hillsdale  oo., 
Mich.,  on  Silver  Creek,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adrian, 
and  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hillsdale.     The  township  contains 

4  churches.     Pop.  1539 ;  of  the  village,  about  300. 

Ransom,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  175. 

Ransom,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ransom  township,  Lacka- 
wanna 00.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  A  New  York  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Susquehanna  River.     Pop.  603. 

Ransom's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nash  oo.,  N.C., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Battleborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Ran'somville,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Niag- 
ara CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles 
from  Lewiston,  and  about  24  miles  N.  of  BufFalo.  It  has  3 
churches,  4  general  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  a  stave-  and 
heading-factory,  Ac. 

Rantoul,  ran-tool',  a  post-borough  of  Champaign  co., 
111.,  on  the  N.  border  of  Rantoul  township,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  and  on  the  Havana, 
Rantoul  A  Eastern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Champaign, 
and  114  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
a  banking-house,  a  flouring-mill,  and  many  fine  residences 


KAN 


2260 


HAS 


Pop.  in  1890,  1074;  of  the  township,  2391.     Rantoal  is 
partly  in  Ludlow  township. 

Rantoul,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  E.ansas. 

Rantoul,  a  township  of  Calumet  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  1590. 

Rautowles,  ran-tfiwlz',  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Colleton  CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
Hi  miles  W.  t)f  Charleston. 

Raon-1'Etape,  ri'6N»'-li-t4p',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  on  the  Meurthe,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Di6.  It 
has  foundries  and  manufactures  of  crockery  and  straw  hats. 
Pop.  3601.  RAON-Aux-Bors,  r4^6No'o-bWi,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vosges,  is  10  miles  from  Epinal.     Pop.  1896. 

Raoul)  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Sunday. 

Rapa,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Oparo. 

RapallO)  r3,-p3,rio,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  finely  situated  on  a  bay  of 
the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  5352.  In  its  collegiate  church 
are  some  good  paintings  and  curious  inscriptions.  It  has 
a  thriving  trade  in  olive  oil,  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Raphael)  ra'fa-el,  a  post-office  of  Iberville  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  5  miles  below  Plaquemine. 

Raphia,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Rafa. 

Rapho,rah'fo,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.   P. 3483. 

Raphoe^  ra-fo',  an  episcopal  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Donegal,  5i  mifes  W.N.W.  of  Lifi'ord.  Pop.  1021.  It  has 
a  market-place,  a  cathedral,  an  episcopal  palace,  a  deanery, 
a  free  school,  and  a  public  library. 

Raphtiy  raftee,  a  harbor  of  Greece,  on  the  £.  coast  of 
Attica,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens.  It  is  believed  to  have 
been  the  ancient  Panormus, 

Rap^dan'y  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  on  the  southeast- 
ern slope  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  has  a  general  eastward 
direction.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Greene  and  Orange  on  the  right  and  Madison  and  Culpeper 
on  the  left,  and  enters  the  Rappahannock  about  10  miles 
above  Fredericksburg. 

Rapidan,  a  post-township  of  Blue  Earth  oo.,  Minn., 
about  9  miles  S.S^SV.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  in  1890,  1060. 

Rapidan  Station,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Rapidan  River,  5i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Orange  Court- 
House.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rap'id  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pennington 
CO.,  S.D.,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Deadwood.  It  has  7 
churches,  4  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
of  building-material,  stucco,  cement,  tiles,  fire-brick,  Ac. 
Here  is  the  state  school  of  mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  2128. 

Rapid  Creek,  South  Dakota,  runs  S.E.  into  Nebraska, 
and  enters  the  Niobrara  River  in  Ion.  10(i°  23'  W. 

Rapides,  r&^peed',  a  parish  of  Louisiana,  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  1495  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Calcasieu  and  Red  Rivers,  and  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  Saline  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly  level 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar- 
cane, Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Alexandria.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Watkins  &  Gulf  Railroad,  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain &  Southern  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,015;  in  1880, 
2.3,563;  in  1890,  27,642. 

Rapides,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2574. 

Rapides  des  Joachims,  r3,^peed'  d^  zho^a^k&N°', 
or  Ab^erdeen',  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  Ottawa  River,  45  miles  above  Pembroke,  Ontario.  It 
has  3  stores.     Pop.  80. 

Rapid  River,  township,  Kalkaska  oo.,  Mich.     P.  235. 

Rap'ids,  a  township  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1332, 
«3xclusive  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Rapids,  a  post- village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Tonawanda  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Clarence  Centre,  and  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Rapids,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hiram  township,  Portage  oo., 
0.,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  about  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Rapids  City,  a  post-village  in  Hampton  township. 
Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rock  Island. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  some 
coal-mines.     Pop.  in  1880,  920 ;  in  1890,  288. 

Rapino,  rSi-pee'no,  or  Rapini,  rJ,-pee'nee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  S.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2309. 

Rapolano,  r3,-po-li'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
from  Siena.     Pop.  3952. 

Rapolla,  rft,-pol'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  li 
miles  S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  3511, 

Rapozos,  ri-po'zoce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 


Rap^pahan'nock,  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  near  the 
base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  runs  southeastward.  The  part 
of  it  above  the  mouth  of  the  Rapidan  is  sometimes  called 
North  River,  or  the  North  Fork,  and  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Culpeper  and  Fauquier.  It  meets  the 
tide  at  Fredericksburg,  where  it  becomes  navigable.  It 
subsequently  forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Caroline,  Essex, 
and  Middlesex  cos,,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  between 
Stingray  and  Windmill  Points.     It  is  about  125  miles  long. 

Rappahannock,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  is  drained  by  Hazel  River, 
Thornton  River,  and  the  North  Fork  of  the  Rappahannock, 
which  follows  its  N.E.  boundary.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  hills  and  fertile  valleys.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8261;  in  1880,  9291;  in  1890,8678. 

Rappahannock  Academy,  a  post-office  of  Caroline 
CO.,  Va. 

Rappahannock  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Culpeper. 

Rapperschwyl,  rip'p^r-shwiP,  or  Rappersweil, 
rJp'p^rs-^ir,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall,  on 
the  Lake  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2574. 

Rappersweil,  rip'p§rs-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1915. 

Rappolsweiler,  the  German  name  of  Ribgadvillb. 

Rapp's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,. 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Clifton  Forge  Station.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Rapri,  r&'pree,  a  large  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Me-Kong,^ 
40  miles  W.  of  Bangkok. 

Raptee,  or  Rapty,  r&p'tee,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in 
Nepaul,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Goggra.   Length,  370  miles, 

Raquette  Lake  and  River.     See  Racket. 

Ra'ra  A'vis,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss, 

Raraka,  r&-r&'k&,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Low 
Archipelago.     Lat,  16°  6'  S, ;  Ion.  144°  57'  W. 

Rarapia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ferreira. 

Raratonga,  r&^r&-tong'g&,  or  Rorotonga,  ro'ro- 
tong'gi,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  the*' 
group  of  Cook  Islands,  in  lat.  21°  13'  S.,  Ion.  160°  6'  33" 
W.  It  is  about  30  miles  in  circuit.  The  inhabitants,  about 
4000,  have  been  converted  to  Christianity.  They  live  chiefly 
in  the  three  villages  of  Avarua  in  the  N.,  Atania  in  the 
S.E.,  and  Arognaui  in  the  S.W, 

Rarden,  Scioto  co.,  0.    See  Galena. 

Rar'din,  a  post-village  in  Morgan  township.  Coles  co.,^ 
111.,  22  miles  W.  of  Paris.   It  has  2  churches  and  3  saw-mills, 

Raritan,  r4r'it-g,n,  a  small  river  of  New  Jersey,  is 
formed  by  its  North  and  South  Branches,  which  unite  4  or 
5  miles  W.  of  Somerville.  It  runs  eastward  through  Som- 
erset CO.,  then  southeastward  to  New  Brunswick,  and  finally 
enters  Raritan  Bay  at  South  Amboy.  Steamboats  can 
ascend  it  to  New  Brunswick,  about  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 
The  North  Branch  of  the  Raritan  rises  in  Morris  co.  and 
runs  southward ;  the  South  Branch  drains  parts  of  Morris 
and  Hunterdon  cos.,  running  first  southwestward  and  finally 
northeastward. 

Raritan,  a  post-village  in  Bedford  township,  Hender- 
son CO.,  111.,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Galesburg,  and  18  mile» 
E.S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  a  money -order  post- 
office.     Pop.  201. 

Raritan,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.     P.  3654. 

Raritan,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3460. 

Raritan,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3443. 

Raritan,  a  post- village  in  Bridgewater  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Raritan  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  1  mile  W.  of  Somerville,  and  37 
miles  W.S.W.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  the 
Raritan  Institute,  2  iron-foundries,  2  machine-shops,  2  grist- 
mills, a  woollen-mill,  and  a  braid-mill.     Pop.  (1890)  2566. 

Raritan  Bay,  New  Jersey,  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Raritan  River.  It  separates  the  southwest 
part  of  Staten  Island  from  Middlesex  co.,  N.J. 

Ras,  ris  (t.e.,  a  "head"  or  "headland"),  the  prefix  to 
the  names  of  numerous  capes  of  Africa  and  West  Asia. 

Ras-Aconada  (Aconatter).     See  Cape  Caxines. 

Ras-Adder,  Africa.     See  Cape  Bon. 

Ras-al-Had,  ris^il-hid',  a  cape  at  the  E.  extremity 
of  Arabia,  in  lat.  22°  33'  N.,  Ion.  59°  55'  E. 

Ras-Arubah,  ris-i-roo'ba.,  or  Oremar'rah,  a  head- 
land on  the  coast  of  Beloochistan,  in  the  Arabian  Sea,  in 
lat.  25°  8'  N.,  Ion.  64°  35'  E. 

Rasay,  ri'si,  or  Black  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland, 
CO,  of  Ross,  flows  S,E,,  and  joins  the  Conan. 


I 


I 


KAS 


2251 


RAT 


,llasay,  r&'s^Jor  Raasay)  Island,  an  island  of  the 

ner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  between  Skye 
and  the  mainland,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Skye.  Length,  12  miles. 
Area,  28  square  miles.     Pop.  389. 

Rasbacli,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Rossbach. 

Ras-Bagashoo,  or  Ras-Bagashu,  r&8-b&-g&- 
ibou',  a  rocky  cape  of  Arabia,    Lat.  14°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  9'  E. 

Ras-Bardistan,  Persia.     See  Cai'e  Bakdistan. 

Ras-Bernass,  r&s-bdr-n&ss',  or  Cape  Nose*  a  head- 
land on  the  W.  side  of  the  Red  Sea,  20  miles  N.E.  of  the 
ruins  of  Berenice. 

Raschau,  r&'shdw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Grunhain.     Pop.  2300. 

Rascia^  r&s'se-&,  a  name  formerly  given  to  what  is 
now  the  southern  part  of  Servia,  bnt  now  properly  re- 
stricted to  a  part  of  Bosnia,  comprising  the  districts  of 
Novi-Bazar  and  Tashlidje,  or  Plevia.  The  name  Raacian, 
in  its  widest  use,  is  almost  synonymous  with  Servian. 

Ras-eNAbiad,  r4s-fil-i'be-id^  ("white  cape"),  a 
promontory  of  Palestine,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tyre. 

Ras-el-Haiurah,  Algeria.    See  Cape  Haurah. 

Ras-el-Khyma  (or  -Khima),  r&s-M-kee'mi  (?),  a 
fortified  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  S.E.  of  El 
Katif.     Lat.  25°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  4'  E. 

Ra'sen-Mar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Lincoln.     Pop.  2815. 

Rasgrad,  rS,s'grid',  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Bul- 
garia, 33  miles  S.E.  of  Roostchook. 
l^  Rasheed,  the  Arabic  name  of  Rosetta. 
P  Ras-Jerdalfoon,  Africa.    See  Cape  Guardaftti. 
t   Ras-Moarree,  Asia.     See  Cape  Monze. 

Ras-Mohammed,  r^s-mo-b&m'mM,  the  southern- 
most point  of  the  peninsula  of  Sinai,  in  the  Red  Sea,  be- 
~  een  the  Gulfs  of  Suez  and  Akabah.     Lat.  27°  50'  N. 

Ras-Mu8sendom,  Arabia.    See  Mussbndom  Cape. 

Ras-Noo,  Beloochistan.     See  Cape  Gwadel. 

RaspenaU)  r&s'p^h-now^  a  village  of  Bohemia,  39 
miles  N.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1909. 

Rass,  El,  h\  r&ss,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  230 

Jes  W.N.W.  of  Derayeh,  and  E.N.E.  of  Medina. 

Rassegoo,  Rassegu,  r&s-seh-goo',  or  Rashau,  r&'- 
show,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.  Lat.  47°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  153° 
3U'  E.     Length  and  breadth,  about  20  miles  each. 

Rassein,  r&s-s&n',  a  lake  of  Roumania,  in  the  Do- 
brudja,  between  the  Danube  and  the  Black  Sea,  with  which 
latter  it  is  connected  by  two  mouths.     Length,  25  miles. 

Rasselwitz,  Deutsch,  doitch  r&s's^l-'i^itsS  a  village 
of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia,  government  of  Oppeln,  on 
the  Hotzenplotz      Pop.  2839. 

Ras-Sidi-Ali-al-Shusha.     See  Cape  Zibeeb. 

Rassova,  r&s-so'v&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Dan- 
,  40  miles  W.  of  Kustendji. 

Rastatt,  r&s'titt,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Baden, 

14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe,  near  the  right  bank  of  the 

ibine,  and  on  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Basel.    Pop. 

1,219.    It  has  manufactures  of  hardware,  arms,  tobacco,  &c. 

Rastenburg,  ris't^n-bo^RG^  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
o4  miles  S.E.  of  Kbnigsberg.  Pop.  6102.  It  has  a  castle, 
and  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  goods  and  leather. 

Ras'trick,  a   town   of  England,   oo.   of  York,   West 
Riding.  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Huddersfield.     It  has  silk-,  cot- 
ton-, and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  5896. 
IRatie,  the  ancient  name  of  Leicester. 
Ratanpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Rcttunpoor. 
Ratchford  River,  Nova  Scotia.   See  Port  Greville. 
Rath,  r&t,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  near  Dussel- 
rf.     Pop.  1717. 
Rathangan,  rath-ang'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Kildare,  on  Blackwood  River.     P.  682. 

Rath'bone,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    P.  1393. 

Rath'boneville,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Rathbone  township,  on  the  Canisteo  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Rath'bun,  a  hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phiii  k  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Emporium. 

Rathbun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  9  miles 
W.  of  Plymouth,  and  about  17  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Rathcoii'nel  Bog,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Grand  Canal,  has  an  area  of  2606  acres. 

Rath^coii'rath,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath, 
8i  miles  W.  of  Mullingar.     Pop.  of  parish,  1475. 

Rathcor'mack,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cork,  on  the  river  Bride.     Pop.  454. 

RathMovvn'  Castle,  a  ruin  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ire- 

Kd,  CO.  of  Wicklow,  4  miles  S.  of  Bray. 


«. 

14 

m 


Rathdow'ney,  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.     P.  1186. 

Rath^drum',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Wicklow,  on  the  Avonmore.     Pop.  929. 

Rathenow,  r&'t^b-nov^  or  Rathenau,  r&'t^h-ndw*, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  34  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Potsdam,  on  the  Havel.  Pop.  9949.  It  comprises  an  old 
and  a  new  town,  the  latter  enclosed  by  walls.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  gloves,  leather,  and 
optical  instruments. 

Rathfam'ham,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  3  miles 
S.  of  Dublin.  It  comprises  numerous  handsome  residencei, 
a  neat  church,  and  a  castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  6779. 

Rathfri'land,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Newry.     Pop.  1827. 

Rath^gar',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Dublin.  It  ha&  muslin-,  calico-,  and  print-works,  and  lime- 
stone-quarries. 

Rathkeale,  rath^kail',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Limerick,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Deel,  a 
tributary  of  the  Shannon.     Pop.  2517. 

RathUin',  Rachlin,  rasUiu',  or  Raghery,  rah'- 
gh^r-ree,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  An- 
trim, in  the  North  Channel,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Fairhead. 

Rathlin  O'Birne,  rith^in'  o-bjrn',  a  group  of  islets 
in  Ireland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Donegal  Bay. 

Rathmelton,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Ramelton. 

Rath^new',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Wicklow.     Pop.  696. 

Ratho',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Edinburgh,  on  the  Union  Canal,  and  on  the  Edinburgh  & 
Glasgow  Railway.     Pop.  717. 

Ratho',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Buffalo  division),  16  miles  from 
Stratford.     Pop.  100. 

Rath^o'wen,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Mullingar.     Pop.  319. 

Rathvil'ly ,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Carlow.     Pop.  415. 

Ratibor,  ra'te-boR\  written  also  Raciborz,  rit'se- 
boRz\  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  and 
44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Oder,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Breslau  to  Vienna.  Pop.  17,213.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  porcelain,  tobacco, 
hosiery,  and  leather. 

Ratingen,  ri'ting-^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  6310.  It  has  manufactures 
of  paper,  hats,  pottery,  Ac. 

Rat'isbon  (Ger.  liegenaburg,  ri'gh§ns-b56RG' ;  Fr. 
Ratisbonne,  rlHees^bonn' ;  anc.  Regi'nuin,  or  Cas'tra  Re- 
gi'na),  a  town  of  Bavaria,  67  miles  N.N.E.  of  Munich,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Regen,  and  at  a  railway  Junction.  Pop.  37,667.  The 
chief  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  a  tine  town  house,  the  old 
episcopal  palace,  in  which  is  a  monument  to  Kepler,  and  a 
fine  stone  bridge  over  the  Danube.  Near  it  is  a  splendid 
building  called  the  Walhalla.  It  has  considerable  com- 
merce on  the  Danube,  and  manufactures  of  porcelain,  to- 
bacco, leather,  steel  goods,  paper,  silk  goods,  chemicals, 
beer,  stone-ware,  &q.  Ratisoon  was  long  the  capital  of 
Bavaria,  and  was  afterwards  a  free  imperial  city  till  1806. 

Rat  (or  Kreesaor  Kryci,  krec'sa)  Islands,  a  group 
in  the  Aleutian  Archipelago,  comprising  five  islands  of  con- 
siderable size,  namely,  Semisopochnoi,  Amchitka,  Kryci  or 
Rat  Island,  Kiska,  and  Boulder,  with  10  smaller  ones. 
Rat  Island  is  in  lat.  51°  45'  N.,  Ion.  180°  40'  W. 

Ratmauolf  Island.    See  Imaklit.. 

Ratnageri,  India.     See  Rutnaoherry. 

Ratnapoora,  r&t-n&-poo'r&  (the  "city  of  gems"),  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  navigable  river,  45  miles  S,E.  of  Co- 
lombo.    It  has  a  barracks. 

Ratnest  Island,  Australia.    See  Rottnest  Island. 

Ratomagus,  or  Rotomagns.    See  Rouen. 

Raton,  r&-tdn',  a  post-ofiice  of  Las  Animas  co.,  Col.,  on 
Purgatory  River,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trinidad. 

Ratoneau,  r&'to'nS',  a  fortified  island  oflf  the  S.  coast 
of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  N.  of  the  island  of  Po- 
mSj^ue,  and  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marseilles. 

Raton  (ri-ton')  Mountains,  a  range  which  is  partly 
in  Southern  Colorado  and  extends  into  Colfax  co.,  Now 
Mexico.  It  is  the  watershed  between  the  Cimarron  and 
Purgatory  Rivers.  Fisher's  Peak,  the  highest  point,  has 
an  altitude  of  9460  feet. 

Ratteuberg,  rit't^n-biRoS  a  town  of  Anstria-Hun- 
gmv,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Inn,  28  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Inn8|)ruck. 

Rafter's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  8  miles  from  Sussex  Vale.     Pop.  150. 


RAT 


2252 


RAY 


Rat 'tie  Run,  a  post-offioe  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich. 

Rat'tlesnake  Creek,  of  Owen  co.,  lud.,  flows  into 
White  River. 

Rattlesnake  Fork,  Ohio,  runs  southward  through 
Fayette  co.  and  southeastward  through  Highland  co.,  and 
enters  Paint  Creek  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Bainbridge. 

Rat'tray  Head,  a  dangerous  promontory  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Aberdeen,  7  miles  E.  of  Kinnaird's  Head. 

Ratz  Almas,  r&ts  &l'm58h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Stuhlweissenburg,  near  Adony.     Pop.  1900. 

Ratz  Boszormeny,  Hungary.    See  Boszoemeny. 

Ratzebuhr,r&t'sQh-b55R\  written  also  Ratzebuhe, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  51  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coslin. 
Pop.  2248. 

Ratzeburg,r3,t'8Qh-b55Ra\  written  also  Racisburg, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Lauenburg,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Lubeck, 
on  a  small  island  in  the  Lake  of  Batzeburg.  Pop.  4227. 
Although  it  is  the  seat  of  administration  of  Lauenburg, 
the  N.  quarter  belongs  to  the  principality  of  Ratzeburg, 
a  dependency  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 

Ratzeburg,  a  principality  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 
has  an  area  of  144  square  miles  and  a  population  of  16,343. 

Ratzeburg,  Lake  of,  a  lake  of  Mecklenburg,  6  miles 
long.  Its  surplus  waters  are  carried  by  the  navigable 
Wackenitz  to  the  Trave. 

Raub,  rawb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Raub's,  a  station  in  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  La- 
fayette.    Here  is  South  Raub  Post-OflSce. 

Raub's  Mills,  a  station  in  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Ranch's  (rawch'iz)  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Raucourt,  ro^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 

15  miles  S.E.  of  M^ziSres.     Pop.  1604. 

Raudnitz,  rSwd'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe) 

16  miles  S.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  4937.     It  has  a  castle. 
Raudten,  rSwd't^n,  or  Rauden,  rfiw'd^n,  a  town  of 

Prussia,  in  Silesia,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Breslan,  on  the 
Schwarzwasser.     Pop.  1342. 

Raught's  (rawts)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co..  Pa. 

Raugia,  a  city  of  Dalmatia.    See  Raousa. 

Rau-Koka,  or  Rach-Koke.    See  Rai-Koke. 

Raumo,  rSw'mo,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  a  bay 
of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  55  miles  N.W.  of  A"bo.   Pop.  3305. 

Rauneburg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Ruuburs. 

Rauranum,  the  ancient  name  of  Rom. 

Rauris,  rSw'ris,  a  town  of  Austria,  40  miles  S.  of  Salz- 
burg, on  an  affluent  of  the  Salzach.     Pop.  1590. 

Rauscha,  rdw'sh&,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a 
railway,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1060. 

Rauschenberg,  r3w'sh§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marburg,     Pop.  1298. 

Rausium,  or  Rausia,  Dalmatia.     See  Ragusa. 

Raut,  a  town  of  India.     See  Raat. 

Rautschka,  rowtsh'ki,  or  Hruska,  h'roos'kS,,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  30  miles  from  Weisskirchen. 

Ravana-Hrada,  ri-vi'ni-h'ri'di,  or  Rakas-Tal, 
ri'kis-til',  one  of  the  sacred  lakes  of  Thibet,  at  the  source 
of  the  Sutlej  River,  lat.  30°  40'  N.,  Ion.  81°  10'  E.,  a  few 
miles  W.  of  the  other  sacred  lake,  Manasarowar,  the  waters 
of  which  it  receives.     Length,  20  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Ravan'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  in  Ra- 
vanna  township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  bee-hives.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1129. 

Ravanusa,  ri-v4-noo's4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Girgenti.  It  has  a  trade  in  oil,  almonds,  and 
pistachio-nuts.     Pop.  7652. 

Ravee,  ri'vee^  (anc.  Hydrao' iea),  one  of  the  "  five 
rivers"  of  the  Punjab,  rises  near  Chumba,  lat.  32°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  76°  E.,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Chenaub  35  miles 
N.  of  Mooltan.  Estimated  length,  370  miles.  The  city  pf 
Lahore  and  the  towns  of  Chumba  and  Meanee  are  on  its 
banks. 

Ravel  gaiy,  a  town  of  India.    See  Gk>DNA. 

Ravello,  r4-v5l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  1803. 

Ra'veu  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Benton  township. 

Rav'enell's,  or  Rav'enel's,  a  station  on  the  Savan- 
nah &  Charleston  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Charleston,  S.C. 
Ra'venglass\  a  town  and  seaport  of  England,  co.  of 


Cumberland,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlisle,  with  a  station  on  1 
the  Whitehaven  &,  Furness  Railway.  It  has  a  good  harbor  I 
and  valuable  oyster-fisheries.  < 

Ravenna,    r&-vin'n4    (Fr.  Eavenne,   r&Vinn' ;    ano. 
Raven'na),  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  in  Emilia,  capital  of  a,j 
province  of  its  own  name,  in  a  marshy  plain,  on  the  Mon-J 
tone,  5  miles  from  its  port  on  the  Adriatic,  and  16  mile 
N.E.  of  Forli.     Lat.  44°  25'  N.  j  Ion.  12°  11'  E.     PopJ 
18,571.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls  about  3  miles  in  cirouitj 
and  entered  by  5  handsome  gates.     It  is  richer  in  antiqui- 
ties of  the  early  Middle  Ages  than  any  other  Italian  city,l 
having  been  the  residence  of  the  Emperors  of  the  West  fror 
the  time  of  Honorius,  and  the  capital  of  Italy  under  Odoa-J 
cer,  Theodoric,  and  the  succeeding  Gothic  kings,  the  Byzan- 
tine monarchs,  and  the  Lombards.     Its  ancient  monument 
are  nearly  all  Christian.     The  cathedral,  founded  in  the 
fourth  century,  has  fine  paintings  by  Guido,  and  remark 
able  antiquities.    The  other  churches,  the  baptistery,  and  the 
mausoleum  of  Placidia,  containing  the  tombs  of  that  em- 
press, of  Honorius,  and  of  Valentinian  III.,  are  all  richlj 
ornamented  with  mosaics.     The  other  objects  of  interest 
are  the  archbishop's  palace,  communal  hail,  a  rich  librarj 
with  40,000  volumes,  the  museum,  academy  of  fine  artsJ 
hospital,  theatre,  the  leaning  tower  fortress,  remains  of  the 
palace  of  Theodoric,  the   tomb  of  Odoacer,  King  of  tk. 
Heruli,  and  the  tomb  of  Dante.    About  1  mile  N.  of  th(j 
city  is  the  tomb  of  Theodoric,  now  the  church  of  Sant 
Maria  della  Rotonda.     A  pillar,  also  outside  the  city,  comj 
memorates  the  death  of  Gaston  de  Foix,  and  the  victory  of 
Louis  XII.  of  France  and  the  Duke  of  Ferrara  over  Pop 
Julius  II.  and  the  Spaniards  in  1512.     Ravenna  has  some 
manufactures  of  silks,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  agriculture 
produce,  facilitated  by  a  large  canal  connecting  it  with  the 
Adriatic.     In  the  time  of  the  ancient  Romans,  Ravenna 

was  the  chief  port  of  the  empire  on  the  Adriatic. Adj; 

and  inhab.  Ravennese,  r8,-vfin-neez'  (It.  Ravennesb^ 
ri-vfin-ni'si,  or  Ravennate,  r4-v4n-nl'ti). 

Ravenna,  a  province  of  Italy,  bordering  on  the  Adri^ 
atic.  Capital,  Ravenna.  Area,  742  square  miles.  PopJ 
221,115. 

RaVen'na,  or  RaVen'a,  a  post-office  and  mining;^ 
camp  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Paci§« 
Railroad,  51  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles.  Here  are  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  and  copper. 

Ravenna,  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
Ravenna  township,  on  or  near  Crockery  Creek,  18  mile 
S.E.  of  Muskegon,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapid 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  about 
stores.     Pop.  about  200  ;  of  the  township,  934. 

Ravenna,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  220J 

Ravenna,  Mercer  co.,  Mo.    See  Ray  anna. 

Ravenna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  il 
Ravenna  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  Ohio  Canal,  and 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Cleve 
land,  and  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Akron.     It  contains  a  court 
house,  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  manufactories  of  carriagesj 
furniture,  window-glass,   mowing-machines,  and   woollea 
goods,    2    flour-mills,    several  planing-mills,  Ac.      Larg 
quantities  of  cheese,  butter,  wool,  and  flax  are  shipped  here 
Pop.  in  1890,  3417 ;  of  the  township,  4421. 

Raven'na,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  7  mile 
from  Thornbury.     Pop.  100. 

Ra'ven  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.Jw 
on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Rai' 
road,  at  Bull's  Island  Station,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Raven  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va. 

Raven  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  oi 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  lOi  miles  E.  of  Mount  Carme 
and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  church  an 
coal-mines. 

Ravensburg,  ri'v§ns-b6oRG\  a  town  of  Wurtembera 
on  the  Schussen,  and   on  the   Wiirtemberg  Railway,  ^ 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  9078.     It  has  manufa 
tures  of  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  paper,  and  sealing-waa 
and  a  considerable  transit  trade. 

Ra'ven's  Eye,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va 
10  miles  E.  of  Sewell  Depot.     It  has  a  church  and  a  stor 

Ravenstein,  r3,'v§n-stine\  or  Ravestein,  ri'v?! 
stine\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  tl 
Mouse,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Grave. 

Ra'ven  Stream,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Miniy 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Peter,  and  16  miles  (direct)  i 
by  W.  of  Shakopee.     It  has  a  drug-store. 

Ra'vens  wood,  a  village  in  Beardstown  township,  Ca 
CO.,  111.,  5  miles  E.  of  Beardstown. 


RAV 


2253 


KAl 


llavenswood,  a  post-yiliage  of  Jackson  oc,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  35  miles  below  Parkersburg.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  an  active  trade  in  produce,  &o.     Pop.  817. 

Ra'veuAVOod,  a  post- village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo., 
abont  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Savannah,  and  9  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Mary  ville.  It  has  a  mill  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

RavesteiU)  Netherlands.     See  Hayenstein. 

Ravi^res,  r&Ve-aia',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Tonnerre.     Pop.  1283. 

Ravine^  r^-veen',  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
3  miles  N.  of  Pine  Grove.  It  has  2  hotels  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ravinia^  r^-vin'e-^,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Lake  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Hailroad, 
21  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Ravnagora,  riv-ni-go'ri,  a  town  of  Croatia,  S.W.  of 
Agram.     Pop.  1610. 

Rawa^  tL'^L,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  32  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  4639. 

Rawa,  r&'^i,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  on  the  Rawka.     Pop.  5527. 

Rawak)  rIL-w&k',  an  island  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago, 
off  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Waigeoo.     Lat.  0"  1'  14"  S. 

Rawdon,  Ontario.    See  Stirling. 

Rawdon,  a  post- village  in  Hants  co.,  Nora  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  250. 

Raw'don  (South),  or  Ash'dale,  a  post- village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  9i  miles  from  Mount  Uniake. 

Rawdou  (Upper),  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  16  miles  from  Elmsdale.     Pop.  300. 

Rawdon,  a  post-village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Lac  Ouareau,  48  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  3  saw-mills,  and  3  grist-mills,  and  has  a 
large  trade  in  lumber,  flour,  and  potash.     Pop.  600. 

Raw'hide,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala. 

Raw  Hide  Butte «  post-office,  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Raw'il-Pin'de,  RaAV'al-Pin'dee,  or  Rawal- 
pindi, raw^al-pin'dee,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Rawil-Pinde  division  and  district,  47  miles  by  rail  E.S.E. 
of  Attock.     Pop.  (1881)  52,976. 

RawiNPinde,  a  division  or  commissionership  of 
India,  in  the  Punjab,  consisting  of  the  districts  of  Rawil- 
Pinde,  Jhylum,  Gujerat,  and  Shahpoor.  Area,  16,857 
square  miles.  Pop.  2,197,387.  It  has  the  Indus  on  the 
W .,  the  Chenaub  on  the  S.E.,  and  the  Cashmere  dominions 
on  the  N.E.  Rawil-Pindb  district  is  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  division.  Area,  6218  square  miles.  Capital,  Kawil- 
Pinde.     Pop.  711,256. 

Rawitsch,  or  Rawicz,  ri'^^itch,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
65  miles  S.  of  Posen.     Pop.  11,141.     It  has  manufactures 

woollen  cloth,  linens,  leather,  tobacco,  and  salt. 
.awles,  rawlz,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     P.  819. 

.aw'ley  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 

Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  11  miles  W.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Raw'iing's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Cuiuborland.     It  has  2  churches. 

Raw'lins,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  pint  of  Kansas,  bor- 
dering on  Nebraska.  Area,  about  l680  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Atwood.     Pop.  in  1880,  1623 ;  in  1890,  6766. 

Rawlins,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  136  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Laramie,  and  710  miles  from  Omaha.  Elevation,  6540 
feet.  Here  are  a  sulphur  spring  which  possesses  medicinal 
properties,  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  quarries 
of  limestone  and  good  building-stone.  Rawlins  has  a  bank 
and  2  churches,  and  is  the  base  of  supplies  for  the  mining 
country  N.  and  S.  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  2235. 

Raw'Iinsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Martio  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  stores. 

Raw'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Cuba,  and  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rawson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Erie  <fc  Louisville  Railroad,  8  miles 
6.  W.  of  Findlay.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Raw'sonville,  &  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Huron  River,  4i  miles  from  Tpsilanti,  and  about  26 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  fine  brick  school-house,  and  a  church. 

Rawsonville,  Lorain  co.,  0.     See  Grafton. 

Rawsonville,  a  post-hamlet   in   Jamaica  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Factory  Point.     It 
I^Jms  manufactures  of  lumber  and  chair-stock. 


00  mi 

^^t  WG 


Ray,  a  northwestern  county  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of 
about  684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Missouri  Ri  rer,  and  is  drained  by  Crooked  and  Fishing 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating  prairies 
and  forests  of  hard  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The 
soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle^  horses,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal 
ave  been  opened  in  this  county,  which  has  also  abundance 
of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  first  of  which  con- 
nects with  Richmond,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,700 ; 
in  1880,  20,190;  in  1890,  24,215. 

Ray,  a  post- village  in  Oakland  township,  Schuyler  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  barrel-factory. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Ray,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2070. 

Ray,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  761. 

Ray,  or  State  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  <k  Saginaw  Railroad,  at 
State  Line  Station,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angola.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  stores.     Here  is  Ray  Post-Office. 

Ray,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  oo.,  Kansas. 

Ray,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1495. 

Ray  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  abont 
33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Detroit. 

Raygunge,  ri-giinj',  or  Rayagaiy,  ri-a-gQnj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Dinagepoor. 

Raymertown,  ra'm^r-tfiwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rens- 
selaer CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Troy. 

Ray'milton,  a  post- village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on 
Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Franklin  and 
Jamestown,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  coal-mine,  oil-wells,  and  an  oil-tank  which  is  said  to 
hold  100,000  barrels.     Pop.  100. 

Raymond,  ra'mpnd,  a  hamlet  of  Champaign  co..  111., 
in  Raymond  township,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Danville. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  973. 

Raymond,  a  post- village  in  Raymond  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  HI.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Raymond,  a  post- village  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  line  between  Poyner  and  Barclay  townships,  and  on  the 
Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  86  miles  W.  of  Dubuque, 
and  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Waterloo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Raymond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ray- 
mond township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  <fc  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  63  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Newton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  414. 

Raymond,  a  post-village  in  Raymond  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  The 
township  is  bounded  S.W.  by  Sebago  Lake.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  high  school,  several  saw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1120. 

Raymond,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  14  miles 
W.  of  Melrose.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  310. 

Raymond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hinds  co..  Miss., 
about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  6  churches. 

Raymond,  a  post-village  in  Raymond  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  Lamprey  River,  and  on  the  Concord 
A  Portsmouth  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Manchester, 
and  23  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  contains  3  churches 
and  the  Raymond  High  School,  and  has  manufactures  of 
shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1121. 

Raymond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  oo..  Pa.,  33  miles 
N.K.  of  Emporium.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Raymond,  a  post-township  of  Racine  oo.,  Wis.,  about 
16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.     Pop.  1534. 

Raymond  City,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Poco- 
taligo,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  2  tobacco-warehouses,  Ao. 

Raymond's,  a  station  of  the  Manchester  &  North 
Weare  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Manchester,  N.H. 

Raymond's,  Union  co.,  0.     See  Newton. 

Raymondville,  r&'mQnd-vIl,  a  post-office  of  Texas  ou., 
Mo.,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Salem. 

Raymondville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Norfolk  township,  on  the  Racket  River,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  3  brick-yards,  and  a  tub-factory. 

Ray'more,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  A  Western   Railroad,  Hi   miles  W.  of 
Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  2  churches. 
Rayne,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     Pop  1736. 


tlA^ 


^54 


KEA 


Raynham,  rain'am,  a  post- village  in  Raynham  town- 
ship, Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  31 
miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Taunton.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Taunton  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1687. 

Kaynolds  Pass,  Idaho.    See  Madison  Pass. 

Ray's,  Ohio.    See  Raysville. 

Ray's  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Shelbyville  and  Rushville,  6  miles 
from  the  former. 

Ray's  Hill,  a  small  mountain-ridge  extending  across 
the  Maryland  line  into  the  S.  part  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Ray's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
36  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg. 

Ray's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  co.,  Qa. 

Rays'town  Branch  of  the  Jnniata  rises  in  the 
main  range  of  the  Alleghanies,  near  the  E.  border  of  Som- 
erset CO.,  Pa.,  runs  through  the  middle  of  Bedford  co.,  and 
enters  the  Juniata  River  2  or  3  miles  below  Huntingdon, 
after  a  northeastward  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Rays'ville,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago 
&  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  E,  of  Indianapolis, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  Knightstown.     It  has  2  churches.  P.  400. 

Raysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  mills.  Here  is  Ray's 
Post-Office. 

Ray'town,  a  hamlet  of  Taliaferro  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Washington  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Washington. 

Raytowu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Ray'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richland  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Yicksburg,  Shreveport  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.  of  Monroe,  and  52  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Vicksburg. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  400, 

Rayville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  3  miles 
from  Parkton,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  Here 
is  Rayville  Academy. 

Rayville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  is  at  Sheridan 
(or  Foote),  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  and  Nebraska 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Rayville,  a  hamlet  in  Chatham  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  1 J  miles  from  Rider's  Mills.    It  has  a  church. 

Rayville,  a  hamlet  in  Wayne  township,  Warren  oo.,  0., 
5  miles  from  Corwin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ray 'wick,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  56  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  160. 

Ray'wood,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  N.C. 

Raz,  Le,  France.    See  Bec-du-Raz. 

Raza,  ri'zS,,  or  Gato,  g&'to,  an  island  of  Brazil,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Razes,  r&^zk',  a  former  district  of  France,  a  dependency 
of  the  old  province  of  Languedoc,  and  having  Limoux  for 
its  capital.  It  consisted  of  Raz6s  proper,  and  Sault,  now 
included  in  the  department  of  Aude;  and  of  Fenouillades, 
now  in  Pyr6n6es-0rientales. 

Razo,  r3,'zo,  or  Raza,  r&'z2L,  one  of  the  Cape  Yerd 
Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  S.E.  of  Branco.  Lat.  16°  38'  N. ; 
Ion.  24°  37'  W. 

Re,  or  Rhe,  ri,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  France, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Gascony,  separated  on  the  N.  from  the  de- 
partment of  Vendee  by  the  strait  called  Pertuis  Breton 
(peRHwee'  bri-tduo'),  and  on  the  S.  from  Oleron  by  that 
of  Pertuis  d'Antioche  (pSRHwee'  d6NoHe-osh').  Length,  18 
miles  ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Rea,  vk,  a  post-office  of  Andrew  co..  Mo. 

Reaburn's  (ri'burnz)  Creek,  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C, 
flows  into  Reed}'  River  from  the  left. 

Read,  reed,  a  post-township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  Pop. 
1040.     Read  Post-Office  is  at  Clayton  Centre. 

Readfield,  reed'feeld,  a  post- village  in  Readfield  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co..  Me.,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Readfield  Depot.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  oil-cloths,  carriages,  and  sash 
and  blinds.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Lewiston 
division  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  also 
Readfield  Depot  and  Kent's  Hill.    Pop.  of  township,  1456. 

Readfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Menasha,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad. 

Readfield  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  in  Readfield  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  church. 

Reading,  rfid'ing,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of 


the  county  of  Berks,  on  the  Kennei,  near  its  junction  with 
the  Thames,  and  at  a  railway  junction,  38  miles  W.S.W. 
of  London.  It  has  spacious  streets  and  many  handsome 
residences,  3  ancient  parish  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  a  blue-coat  school, 
founded  in  1646,  a  national  school,  almshouses,  a  county 
hospital,  a  spacious  county  jail  and  house  of  correction, 
town  hall,  jail,  workingmen's  hall,  freemasons'  hall,  library 
and  news-room,  museum,  mechanics"  institute,  several 
learned  societies,  a  small  theatre,  baths,  and  some  remains 
of  a  magnificent  abbey  founded  by  Henry  I.  Reading  has 
some  manufactures  of  silk  and  velvets,  large  flour-mills, 
breweries,  foundries,  bakeries,  and  exports  of  corn,  malt, 
timber,  wool,  cheese,  Ac.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Parliaments  were  held  here  in  ihe 
thirteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.     Pop.  in  1891,  60,054. 

Reading,  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.    See  Redding. 

Reading,  rid'ing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Reading  township, 
Livingston  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Ottawa,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Streator. 
Pop.  70.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Vermilion  River, 
contains  Ancona,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1503. 

Reading,  a  post-village  m  Reading  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lowell.  It 
has  1  or  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  cabinet-ware,  boots,  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  3186. 

Reading,  a  post-village  in  Reading  township,  Hills- 
dale CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw 
Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  about  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
union  school,  4  churches,  2  pump-factories,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, a  flouring-mill,  a  glove-factory,  and  a  planing-mill., 
Pop.  about  1100 ;  of  the  township,  1928. 

Reading,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  in  Syca- 
more township,  at  Lockland  Station,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  4  churches,  a  convent,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  4  breweries,  and  a  lai-ge 
grain-warehouse. 

Reading,  an  enterprising  manufacturing  city  of  Penn- 
sylvania, the  seat  of  justice  of  Berks  co.,  is  beautifully  situ- 
ated on  the  Schuylkill  River,  at  the  convergence  of  several 
divisions  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  and  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  &  Northern  Railroad,  58 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  54  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg, 
the  capital  of  the  state.  It  is  W.  by  S.  of  New  York  city, 
from  which  it  is  distant  by  rail  126  miles.  Situated  in  the 
midst  of  the  rich  agricultural  districts  of  the  Schuylkill  and 
Lebanon  Valleys,  and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  practi- 
cally inexhaustible  anthracite  coal-fields  and  iron-mines, 
Reading  possesses  industrial  facilities  that  are  hardly  sur- 
passed by  those  of  any  city  in  the  United  States.  In  the 
census  returns  for  1890  is  shown  a  total  of  434  manufac- 
turing establishments,  embracing  84  different  industries, 
with  invested  capital  of  $14,718,678,  and  employing  12,976 
hands.  The  amount  paid  in  wages  for  the  year  was  $5,466,- 
923,  the  cost  of  material  used  was  $12,014,493,  and  the 
value  of  the  articles  manufactured  was  $20,864,585.  Since 
1890  the  industrial  operations  of  the  city  have  steadily  and 
largely  increased, — in  some  branches  nearly  doubled, — and 
it  is  estimated  that  at  the  present  time  (1895)  an  aggregate 
of  not  less  than  $20,000,000  is  invested  in  manufactures, 
giving  employment  to  15,000  hands.  A  gratifying  feature 
of  Reading's  industrial  life  is  that  "  strikes"  seldom  occur 
and  the  manufacturing  establishments  are  seldom  idle. 

Reading  is  the  see  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of 
Central  Pennsylvania.  It  has  a  total  of  57  churches,  repre- 
senting the  following  denominations:  Lutheran  (11),  Re- 
formed (11),  Evangelical  (6),  United  Brethren  (6),  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  (5),  Roman  Catholic  (4),  Presbyterian  (3), 
Protestant  Episcopal  (3),  United  Evangelical  (3),  Baptist 
(2),  and  Universalist,  Hebrew,  and  Friends  (1  each).  There 
are  12  banks  and  banking  establishments,  with  an  aggre- 
gate capital  of  over  $2,000,000,  and  a  surplus  of  $1,500,000. 
The  deposits  and  loans  aggregate  $7,000,000  each.  There 
are  24  newspapers  published  in  the  city,  6  of  them  daily. 
The  schools  number  188,  with  205  teachers.  The  charitable 
institutions  of  the  city  embrace  3  hospitals,  3  dispensaries, 
3  homes  for  orphans,  a  widows'  home,  and  a  House  of  the 
Good  Shepherd.  There  are  2  public  parks  within  the  city, 
while  on  the  surrounding  mountains  are  thousands  of  acres 
of  natural  parks,  traversed  by  gravity  railroads,  which  are 
much  patronized  by  pleasure-seekers.  Electric  railways  also 
traverse  the  streets  of  the  city  and  extend  to  the  suburban 
districts.  The  real  and  personal  property  subject  to  taxa- 
tion is  about  $41,000,000.  Pop.  in  1880,  43,278;  in  1890. 
58,661 ;  in  1895  (estimated),  75,000. 


1 


REA 


2255 


REO 


Readingtoil)  a  poat-hamlet  in  Readington  township, 
Hunterdon  cc,  N.J.,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  and  7 
miles  W.  of  Somerville.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is 
iMunded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey.  Pop.  of  the  township,  3070.  It  contains  villages 
named  Stanton  and  White  House. 

Readsborough,  reeds'bQr-rfih,  a  post-village  in 
Readsborough  township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Deer- 
field  River,  about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bennington,  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  North  Adams,  Mass.  It  has  2  ohurchea,  a 
summer  boarding-house,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
^township,  828. 

I^K  Readsborough  Falls,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Bennington 
^^Hb.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bennington. 
^^B  Read's  Land'ing,  or  Read's  Tillage,  a  post- 
l^^bllage  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in  Pepin  township,  on  the 
^^iississippi  River,  at  the  lower  end  of  Lake  Pepin,  and 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River.  It  is  on  the 
■Cnicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 

'abasha,  and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Red  Wing.     It  has  an 
ive  trade  in  grain  and  lumber,  which  latter  is  brought 

wn  the  Chippewa  River.     It  has  a  newspaper  oflBce,  2 

urches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  695. 

Readstown,  reedz'iSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co., 

18.,  on  the  Kickapoo,  .38  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Readsville,  reedz'vl),  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co., 

0.,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Readsville,  Kansas.    See  Reedsvillg. 

Readville,  reed'vil,  or  Readville  Station,  a  post- 

lage  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Hyde  Park  township,  on 
Neponset  River,  and  on  the  Boston  <fc  Providence  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  to  Dedham.     It  is  also  on 
the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
~t  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  cotton-factory.   The 
0  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Readville  Station. 

Ready  (rSd'e)  Branch,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Readyville,  rSd'e-vil,  a  post- village  of  Rutherford  co., 

inn.,  2  miles  E.  of  Murfreesborough,  and  34  miles  S.E.  of 
hville.     It  has  3  churches,  a  mill,  and  a  seminary. 

Reagan,  ra'gan,  a  post- village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 

aco  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marlin. 

Reagan's,  a  station  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 

Georgia  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Athens,  Tenn. 

Real,  ri-il',  a  river  of  Brazil,  flows  E.,  and  forms  the 

lundary  between  the  states  of  Bahia  and  Sergipe.  Length, 

0  miles.    Its  mouth,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  the  Itapicuru, 

in  lat.  11°  28'  S. 

Real  del  Monte,  r&-9,r  ddl  mon't&,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
56  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  A  few  miles  N.E. 
is  the  celebrated  cascade  of  Regla. 

Realejo,  or  Realexo,  ri-i-li'Ho,  a  seaport  town  of 
Nicaragua,  on  a  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Leon.  Lat.  12°  27' N.;  Ion.  87°  9' W.  Pop.  5000.  The 
harbor  is  capacious  and  safe.  Exports,  mahogany,  cedar, 
and  other  timber,  sugar,  cotton,  indigo,  and  Brazil-wood. 

Realejo  de  Abtuo,  r&-&-l&'Ho  di  i-bi'Ho  ("Lower 
Realejo"),  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Teneriffe,  3 
miles  W.  of  Puerto  de  Orotava,  and  2  miles  from  th6  sea. 
It  has  a  town  house,  a  prison,  an  elementary  school,  a  gran- 
ary, a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  distillery. 

Realejo  de  Arriba,  ri-i-U'ao  di  aR-uee'ni  ("Upper 
Realejo"),  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Teneriffe,  at 
the  foot  of  a  high  chain  of  hills.  It  has  a  church,  several 
primary  schools,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Realmont,  ri'4.rm6s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  10 
miles  S.  of  Alby.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  and  manufactures  of 
tricot  and  other  woollen  cloth,  and  of  leather.     Pop.  2337. 

R6alville,  ri^ilVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Gaionne,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montauban,  on  the  Aveyron. 

Ream's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va., 
v/n  the  Petersburg  Railroa!d,  10  miles  S.  of  Petersburg.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  occurred  a  battle,  September,  1864. 

Reams'town,  a  post-village  in  East  Cocalico  town- 
ship, Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Conestoga 
Creek,  2  miles  from  Reamstown  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  coach-factory,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  539. 

Reamstown  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Reading.     Here  is  Stevens  Post-Office. 

Reasnor,  reez'n9r,  a  post-village  in  Palo  Alto  town- 
ship, Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Newton  &  Monroe  Railroad, 
about  6  miles  S.  of  Newton.     It  has  4  stores  and  2  elevators. 

Reavesville,  Grayson  co.,  Tex.    See  Reevesville. 

Reaville,  ra'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Flemington,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Tren- 
ton.    It  has  a  cburch. 


Rebais,  r§h-b&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Mame, 
6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coulommiers.     Pop.  1224. 

Rebaix,  r^h-bi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Dendre,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1200. 

Rebec'ca,  a  station  of  Terre  Bonne  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Houma  Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Houma. 

Rebecq-Rognon,  r^h-bSk'-ron^yAK*',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the  Senne,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  3020. 

Re'bersburg,  a  post-village  in  Miles  and  Brush  Val- 
ley townships.  Centre  co..  Pa.,  15  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  450. 

Rebrisora,  r&-bre-8o'r&,  or  Kis-Rebra,  kish-rd'- 
brdh\  a  village  of  Transylvania,  16  miles  from  Bistritz. 
Pop.  2371. 

Kebstein,  rSp'stine,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1601. 

Re'buck's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Danville. 

Recauati,  r&-k&-n&'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Macerata, 
on  the  Musone,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Loreto.  Pop.  4345.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  town  hall  rich  in  works  of  art,  and  an 
aqueduct  by  which  water  is  supplied  to  Loreto. 

Recca,  r£k'k&,  or  Reka,  ri'k&,  a  river  of  Austria, 
rises  in  the  government  of  Laybach,  flows  westward,  and 
at  Canziano,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Triest,  plunges  into  a  chasm 
and  entirely  disappears.     Total  course,  about  30  miles. 

Recco,  rfik'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.,  with  sub- 
urbs, 5128,  who  export  oil  and  fruits  and  build  small  vessels. 

Recey-sur-Ource,  r§h-si'-siiR-ooRss,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Cdte-d'Or,  on  the  Ource,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Ch^tillon-sur-Seine.     Pop.  955. 

Rechan,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Rehau. 

Recherche  (r^h-shairsh')  Archipelago,  off  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Australia,  is  mostly  between  lat.  34°  and  35° 
S.,  Ion.  122°  E. 

Recherche  Bay,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Tasmania. 
Lat.  43°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  5'  E. 

Recherche  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  11° 
40'  3"  S.;  Ion.  166°  45'  E. 

Rechicourt  le  Chateau,  r^h-shee^kooR'  l^h  shtlHS' 
(Ger.  Hixingen,  rix'ing-§n),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lor- 
raine, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Saarburg,  on  the  railway  from  Paris 
to  Strasburg. 

Rechitza,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rezhitsa. 

Rechnitz,  r^K'nits,  or  Rohoncz,  ro^honts',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  in  Eisenburg,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Guns.     P.  3989. 

Recife,  ri-see'fi,  or  Arrecife,  aR-nd-see'fi  (t.e., 
"reef;"  or  Cidade  do  Recife,  se-di'di  do  ri-see'fA,  i.e., 
"City  of  the  Reef"),  called  also  Pernambuco,  p^R- 
n&m-boo'ko,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Per- 
nambuco, on  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  8°  3'  6"  N.;  Ion.  34° 
51'  7"  W.  It  consists  of  three  distinct  quarters :  1,  the 
town  of  San  Pedro  Gon^alves,  on  a  sandy  peninsula  ,*  2, 
the  village  of  Sao  Sacramento,  on  the  island  of  Santo  An- 
tonio, between  the  rivers  Biberibe  and  Capibaribe,  and  con- 
nected with  the  continent  by  two  bridges;  3,  the  village 
of  Sacramento  or  Boa  Vista.  The  town  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus, and  the  landing-place  of  a  telegraph  cable  to  Lisbon. 
The  port  is  defended  by  4  forts,  and  tne  harbor  is  pro- 
tected by  an  extensive  reef  «f  rooks.  It  is  only  fit  for 
vessels  drawing  less  than  12  feet  of  water.  The  chief 
buildings  are  the  governor's  palaoe,  the  episcopal  palace, 
and  the  new  hospital.  It  has  2  Latin  and  several  other 
schools,  and  a  considerable  trade  with  European  ports. 
The  chief  exports  are  cotton,  sugar,  and  dye-wood.  This 
city  is  sometimes  called  the  "Venice  of  America,"  on  ao- 
oount  of  its  numerous  water-ways.    Estimated  pop.  150|000. 

Reckem,  rfik'k^m,  or  Reckheim,  rfik'hime,  a  town 
of  Belgian  Limbourg,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Maestricht. 

Reckem,  a  frontier  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Lys,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2257. 

Reck'lesstown,  a  post-hamlot  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bordentown.     It  has  a  church. 

Reclilinghausen,  rdk'ling-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Milnster.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  beer,  &o.     Pop.  4858. 

Recoaro,  ri-ko-4'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  N.W. 
of  Vicenza.  Pop.  5639.  It  has  chalybeate  springs,  the 
waters  of  which  are  exported. 

Recov'ery,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1118. 

Rec'tortOAVn  Station,  a  post- village  of  Fauquier  co., 
Va.,  on  the  railroad  between  Manassas  and  Front  Royal, 
19  miles  E.  of  Front  Royal,  and  62  miles  W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Rectorville,  Hamilton  oo.,  HI.    See  Broughtoi( 


I 


REG 


2256 


RED 


Rec'torville)  a  post-ofSoe  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles 
from  Maysville. 

Recniet,  r^h-kiiUi',  the  loftiest  point  of  the  Jura 
Mountains,  in  France,  department  of  Ain,  10  miles  W.N.'W. 
of  Geneva. 

Redang,  r&-d&ng',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  E. 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula.     Lat.  5°  50'  N.;  Ion.  103°  E. 

Red  Apple^  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ala. 

Red  Bank,  a  village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  6  miles  below  Camden.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  a  battle  was  fought  between  the  Americans  and  the 
Hessians,  October  21,  1777. 

Red  Bank,  a  post-town  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  on  the  Shrewsbury  River,  and  on 
the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  New  York, 
and  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It  is  said  to 
be  the  most  flourishing  town  in  Monmouth  oo.  Steamboats 
run  daily  from  New  York  to  Red  Bank.  It  contains  6 
churches,  2  national  banks,  several  academies  or  graded 
schools,  a  fine  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry,  2 
steam  saw-mills,  a  brush-factory,  Ac.  Oysters  and  fish  are 
abundant  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2684;  in  1890,  4145. 

Red  Bank,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.    P.  1341. 

Red  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn. 

Red  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Clarksville. 

Red  Bank  Creek,  Mississippi,  enters  Coldwater  River 
in  De  Soto  co. 

Red  Bank  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Jefferson 
00.,  and  runs  first  southwestward,  then  runs  westward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Armstrong  and 
Clarion,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  about  3  miles 
below  Brady's  Bend.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Red  Bank  Far'nace,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Madison  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Red  Bank 
Creek,  64  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  Red 
Bank  Station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  also  the 
W.  terminus  of  the  Low  Gcade  division  of  that  road. 

Red  Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo..  Miss.,  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Banks,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  84  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Red  Beach,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  St.  Croix  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Calais. 

Red  Bird,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Red  Bird,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Neb. 

Red  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 

Red  Bluff,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Sacramento  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and 
on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad, 
about  230  miles  by  water,  or  135  miles  by  rail,  above  Sacra- 
mento. Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place  in 
all  seasons.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank, 
and  manufactories  of  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  (1890)  2608. 

Red  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga. 

Red  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Montana. 

Red  Bluff,  township,  Marlborough  co.,  S.C.     P.  3492. 

Red  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  oo.,  Va.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Max  Meadows.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Boil'ing  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co., 
Tenn.,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  several  stores 
and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  about  200. 

Red  Briage,  a  station  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on 
ihe  Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  oo.,  Ala. 

Red  Bud,  a  station  of  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  35^  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  about  21  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1176. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  29  miles 
S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Red  Buttes,  but,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Laramie. 

Red'car,  a  town  and  sea-bathing-place  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  North  Riding,  6  miles  N.  of  Guisborough,  on  the 
Stockton  &  Darlington  Railway.     Pop.  1943. 

Red  Ce'dar,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Iowa. 

Red  Cedar,  a  township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  662. 

Red  Cedar  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Barron  co.,  and  is  one  of  the  sources  of  Red  Cedar  River. 
It  is  about  6  miles  long. 


Red  Cedar  (or  DIenomonee)  River  is  the  outlet 
of  several  small  lakes  which  lie  in  Chippewa  and  Barrott 
COS.,  Wis.  It  runs  southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Barron 
and  Dunn,  and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  about  12  miles 
S.  of  Menomonee.  Length,  about  125  miles.  See  also 
Cedar  River. 

Red  Clay,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  on  the. 
railroad  which  connects  Dalton  with  Cleveland,  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Dalton.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 
The  station  at  this  place  is  called  State  Line,  and  is  on  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  state. 

Red  Clay  Creek  rises  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  runs  nearly 
southward  into  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and  unites  with  White 
Clay  Creek  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Red  Cloud,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vincennes. 

Red  Cloud,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  and  on  the  Republican. 
Valley  Railroad,  41  miles  S.  of  Hastings,  and  28  miles  E.  of 
Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  car- 
riage-shop, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1839.  . 

Red  Cloud  Agency,  an  Indian  agency  of  Nebraska, 
on  the  head-waters  of  the  White  River,  130  miles  N.  of 
Sidney,  and  2  miles  from  Camp  Robinson. 

Redclyffe,  red'klif,  a  post-office  of  Forest  co..  Pa. 

Red  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  runs  south 
eastward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  Black  Creek  about 
3  miles  S.AV.  of  Americus. 

Red  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barber  co.,  Kansas. 

Red  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Wayne 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  Red  Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  <t;c.    Pop.  529. 

Red  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Red  Cross,  a  hamlet  of  Leflore  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Tal- 
lahatchee  River,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Grenada.  Here  is  a 
steamboat- landing. 

Red  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Red  Deer,  a  river  of  British  America,  rises  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  expands  into  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  flows  S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  80  miles,  joins 
the  Saskatchewan  in  lat.  50°  40'  N.,  Ion.  110°  5'  W. 

Red'den,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Junc- 
tion &  Breakwater  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown. 

Redden,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  8  miles  S. 
of  Peabody. 

Red  Desert,  dez'^rt,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  52  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Reddie's  (red'diz)  River,  post-office,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Red'ding,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  division  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Red  Bluff.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1821. 

Redding,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Redding  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
is  on  the  Saugatuck  River,  4  miles  E.  of  Redding  Station, 
which  is  6i  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Danbury.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  contains  the  hamlet  of  West  Redding,  at 
Redding  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  1546. 

Redding,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1525 

Redding,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    See  Reading. 

Redding,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Mt.  Ayr. 

Redding  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Redding  township, 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Danbury.  It  has  a 
church,  the  Redding  Institute,  and  manufactures  of  horn 
buttons  and  combs. 

Red'dington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Redding  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Jonesville.   It  has  a  church. 

Red'ditch,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  6135,  mostly 
einployed  in  the  manufacture  of  needles  and  fish-hooks. 

Red  £l'ephant,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of 
Clear  Creek  co..  Col.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Georgetown. 

R6den6,  ri^d§h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  FinistSre. 
3i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quimperl6.     Pop.  1338. 

Redesis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ronco. 

Red  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Prattsville  township, 
Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Batavia  Kill,  about  42  miles  S.W. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  cotton-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  creamery. 

Red'field,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Dallas  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Middle  Coon  River,  about  32  miles  W.  of  De» 
Moines.    It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  and  2  flouring 
mills.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Redfield,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles- 
W.  of  Fort  Scott. 


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Redfield,  or  Centre  Square,  a  post-village  in  Red- 
field  township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Salmon  River,  about 
80  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.  It  hae  3  churches,  2  tanneries,  a 
oheeae- factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  ot  the  township, 
1060.     The  Salmon  River  falls  100  feet  near  this  village. 

Redfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.,  41 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  in  1890,  796. 

Red'ford,  a  post-village  in  Redford  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Rouge  River,  3  miles  from  Redford  Sta- 
tion of  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  and 
12i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, 2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  broom-factory,  and  a 
brick-yard.  Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1877.  See 
also  Oak. 

Redford,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sara- 
nac  township,  on  the  Saranac  River,  about  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Plattsburg.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches  and  several 
saw-mills. 

Red  Fork,  a  post- village  of  Desha  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Watson,  and  2  miles 
from  th«  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  i  New  Orleans  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Red  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex. 

Red  Haw,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Ashland 
CO.,  0.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  tannery. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ala.,  about  38 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Huntsville. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  N. 
of  Carnesville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Pa- 
ducah  &,  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moultonborough  township, 

ffroll  CO.,  N.H.,  6  miles  from  Meredith  Village. 

Red  Hill,  post-township,  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  633. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  AUentown,  and  i  of 
a  mile  from  Hanover  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
cigar-factory. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marlborough  co.,  S.C.,  in 
Red  Hill  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Bennetts ville. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  oo.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
om  Queen  City.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 

Tginia  Midland  Railroad,  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  9^  miles 
8.W.  of  Charlottesville. 

Red   Hook,  a  post-village  in  Red   Hook  township, 

Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  2^  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson  River, 

22  miles  N.  of  Poughkeepsie,  and  46  miles  S.  of  Albany. 

~t  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 

a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  935.     The  township  contains 

lages  named  Barrytown,  Annandale,  Madalin,  and  Ti- 
Toli,  all  on  or  near  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  Red  Hook 
Station  is  7i  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Rhinecliff.  The  banks 
of  the  Hudson  River  on  the  W.  border  of  Red  Hook  are 
adorned  with  numerous  elegant  mansions  and  villas.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  4388. 

Red  House,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Red  House,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Red  House 
township,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River, 
and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  27  miles  E. 
of  Jamestown.  Here  is  an  Indian  reservation.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  463. 

Red  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  oo.,  Va,,  about 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  House  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Kanawha  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Scott's  Depot. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Red'ington,a  post- village  in  Lower  Saucon  township, 
Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Redinha,  r^-deen'y&,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Estremadura,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pombal.     Pop.  2037. 
'^Red  Island,  a  large  island  in  Placentia  Bay,  New- 

Dndland,  12  miles  from  Little  Placentia.     Pop.  227. 

Red  Island,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  an  island  on  the  E.  side  of  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  55 
miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  776. 

Red  Island,  a  small  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, 6  miles  from  Burgeo.     Pop.  52. 

Red  Island,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  N.  of 
Oreen  Island,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

Red  Jack'et,  a  village  of  Houghton  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Calumet  township,  adjacent  to  the  Calumet  and  HecJa  mine 
copper).     It  has  several  stores.    Pop.  in  1890,  3073. 


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Red  Jacket,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

Red'key,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township.  Jay  c^,., 
Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.  Pop.  about  350.  It  was  for- 
merly called  Mount  Vernon. 

Red  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Beltrami 
CO.,  and  is  intersected  by  the  48th  parallel  of  N.  latitude. 
It  is  about  35  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  13  miles  wide. 
The  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  Red  Lake  River, 
which  issues  from  the  western  end  of  the  lake. 

Red  Lake,  a  post-office  and  Chippewa  Indian  village 
of  Beltrami  co.,  Minn.,  on  Red  Lake,  100  miles  N.  of  De- 
troit. It  has  a  church,  a  boarding-school,  and  a  saw-milL 
Pop.  of  Reservation,  1163. 

Red  Lake  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Crookston. 

Red  Lake  River,  Minnesota,  is  the  outlet  of  Red 
Lake.  It  runs  westward  through  Polk  oo.,  traverses  ex- 
tensive undulating  or  level  prairies,  and  enters  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  about  lat.  47°  49'  N.  It  is  about  100 
miles  long,  and  its  lower  part  is  navigable. 

Red  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  40  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  bus  3  churches. 

Red  Land,  a  village  of  BoMier  parish.  La.,  about  36 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  car- 
riage-shop, and  a  seminary. 

Red'land,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Red  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss.,  abont 
56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Land,  or  Whitehall,  a  post- village  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Red  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Red  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ey. 

Red  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Miss.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Fayette.     It  has  3  churches. 

Red  Li'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  in 
New  Castle  hundred,  on  a  creek  at  the  head  of  tide,  1  mile 
from  the  Delaware  Railroad,  and  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Wilmington.     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Red  Lion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  3^ 
miles  S.  of  Vincentown. 

Red  Lion,  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Warren  co.,  0.,  20  miles  S.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Red  Lion,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Catasau- 
qua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Catasauqua. 

Red  Lion,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  and  York  town- 
ships, York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  York.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  cigar-factories. 

Red  Mills,  a  village  in  Midland  township,  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  1  mile  from  Rochelle  Park.  It  has  a  church,  a  manu- 
factory of  blankets,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Red  Mills,  a  village  in  Lisbon  township,  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  abont  7  miles  below 
Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Lisbon.  The  rapida 
of  the  river  here  afford  immense  water-power. 

Red'mon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Paris.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Red'mond,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Huntsville. 

Red  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Red  Mountain,  a  range  or  group  in  AVyoming,  neai 
Yellowstone  Lake,  the  culminating  point  being  Sheri- 
dan Mount  (which  see).  A  large  part  of  this  mountain  ia 
formed  of  purplish-pink  porphyry,  which  is  ferruginous 
and  after  exposure  to  the  weather  acquires  a  dark-red  tint. 

Red  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 

Red  Mountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge 
CO.,  Montana,  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Helena.  It  has 
mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Red'nersville,  a  post- village  in  Prince  Edward  oo., 
Ontario,  on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  3  miles  from  Belleville. 

Rednitz,  r&d'nits,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  N.  course 
of  50  miles  joins  the  Pegnitz  at  FUrth  to  form  the  Regnitz. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  46  miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.   It  has  2  churches. 

Red  Oak,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  496. 

Red  Oak,  or  Red  Oak  Junction,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Iowa,  is  finely  situated  in  Red 
Oak  township,  on  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington  Jc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  39  miles  E.of  Platts- 
mouth,  and  241  miles  W.  of  Burlington.  A  branch  of  that 
rskilroad  extends  from  this  place  south  westward  to  Nebraska 


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City.  It  has  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufac- 
tures of  pottery,  flour,  carriages,  furniture,  sash,  blinds, 
Ac.     Pop,  in  1890,  .3321 ;  of  the  township,  4184. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo..  Mo.,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Sareoxie.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Nash  co.,  N.C. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Maysville,  Ky.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Oak,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1849. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles  "W. 
of  Palmer  Station,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has 
2  stores  and  a  mill. 

Red  Oak  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  Flint  River  in 
Meriwether  co. 

Red  Oak  Creek,  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  Trinity  River. 

Red  Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Roanoke  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Redon,  r§h-d6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine, 
on  the  Vilaine,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  4955.  It 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  docks  for  building  small  ves- 
sels, and  an  active  trade  in  timber  and  iron. 

Redonda,  r^-don'd&,  an  islet  of  the  British  West  In- 
dies, between  Nevis  and  Montserrat.  Lat.  16°  55'  N. ;  Ion. 
62°  13'  W.  It  is  rocky,  barren,  and  only  inhabited  by 
workers  in  its  mines  of  the  phosphate  of  alumina  and  iron. 

Redonda,  an  islet  of  the  British  West  Indies,  off  the 
N.  extremity  of  Grenada. 

Redonda,  r&-don'd&,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  en- 
trance of  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro,  W.  of  the  island  of  Razo. 

Redondela,  rk-Don-dii'lk,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Pontevedra,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Redondela  in  the  Bay 
of  Vigo,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Vigo.     Pop.  1806. 

Redondesco,  ri-don-dSs'ko,  or  Rodondesco,  ro- 
don-dfis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  W.  of 
Mantua.     Pop.  1961. 

Redondo,  ri-don'do,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Alemtejo,  22  miles  E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  3387. 

Redoot  (or  Redout)  Kal6,  rl-doot'  k&-I&',  a  town 
and  fort  of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  at  the  moutli  of  the 
Khopi  in  the  Black  Sea,  20  miles  N.  of  Poti.     Pop.  617. 

Red  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park  Range, 
in  lat.  39°  36'  N.,  Ion.  106°  11'  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
12,382  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Red  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Yadkin,  40  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  a  nursery. 

Red  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad.  It 
has  several  churches  near  it. 

Red  Point,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Red  Point,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  56  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Red  Riv'or  (Fr.  Kiviire  Rouge,  reeVe-aiR'  roozh;  Sp. 
Rio  Colorado,  ree'o  ko-lo-r4'do),  the  southernmost  of  the 
great  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi,  rises  in  the  Staked 
Plains,  an  arid  table-land  near  the  E.  border  of  New  Mex- 
ico, about  lat.  35°  N.  and  Ion.  103°  10'  W.  It  runs  east- 
ward, intersects  the  northwestern  part  of  Texas,  passing 
through  a  great  canon  as  yet  unexplored,  and  strikes  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  Indian  Territory  in  Ion.  100°  W. 
Below  this  point  it  runs  nearly  eastward,  with  a  small  de- 
viation to  the  S.,  and  traverses  extensive  prairies  or  plains 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.  It  forms  the  entire  southern 
boundary  of  the  Indian  Territory,  which  it  separates  from 
the  state  of  Texas.  Having  crossed  the  eastern  boundary 
of  Texas,  it  runs  eastward  to  Fulton,  Ark.,  from  which  it 
flows  southward  to  Shreveport,  La.  Running  thence  nearly 
southeastward,  it  intersects  the  parishes  of  Red  River, 
Natchitoches,  Rapides,  and  Avoyelles,  in  Louisiana,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  lat.  31°  N.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  1600  miles.  It  receives  only  one  large 
affluent,  the  Ouachita,  which  enters  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Red  River.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Shreveport,  about 
350  miles  from  its  mouth,  during  7  months  of  the  year.  A 
few  miles  above  Shreveport  the  navigation  was  formerly 
obstructed  by  the  Great  Raft,  a  collection  of  drift-wood, 
trees,  Ac,  about  15  miles  in  extent,  but  which  has  lately 
been  out  through,  enabling  small  steamboats  to  ascend  sev- 
eral hundred  miles  farther.  The  area  drained  by  this  river 
is  estimated  by  Prof.  Guyot  at  97,000  square  miles,  and  the 
water  discharged  in  a  second  at  57,000  cubic  feet. 

Red  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Wolfe  co.,  runs  west- 
ward through  Powell  co.,  and  enters  the  Kentucky  River 
t-n  the  S.  bordet"  of  Clark  no.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 


Red  River,  a  small  stream  of  Middle  Tennessee,  drains 

Eart  of  Robertson  co.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Cum- 
erland  River  at  Clarksville. 

Red  River,  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Wolf  River  4  or  5  miles  above  Shawano. 

Red  River,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Red  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Bayou  Pierre.  The 
S.  end  of  Lake  Bistineau  is  comprised  in  this  parish.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  cotton  and  corn.  It  has  forests 
of  the  ash,  cypress,  oak,  pine,  Ac.  Capital,  Coushatta. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8573;  in  1890,  11,318. 

Red  River,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  1060  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Red  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  osage  orange, 
and  black  walnut.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  rocks 
which  underlie  this  county  are  of  the  cretaceous  formation. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Clarksville.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,653;  in  1880,  17,194;  in 
1890,  21,452. 

Red  River,  a  post-hamlet  in  Red  River  township,  Ke- 
waunee CO.,  Wis.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green 
Bay.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  township 
is  bounded  N.W.  by  Green  Bay,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1403. 

Red  River  City,  a  station  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Red  River,  3  miles  N.  of  Denison.  It  is  the  N.  ter- 
minus of  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad. 

Red  River  City,  a  hamlet  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Red  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Clarksville.  Here  is  Walnut 
Grove  Post-Office. 

Red  River  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  of  Estill  co., 
Ky.,  near  the  Red  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 
Pig-iron  is  produced  here. 

Red  River  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pointe  Coup€e 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
Red  River,  and  50  miles  above  Bayou  Sara. 

Red  River  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  Ky., 
on  Red  River,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen- factory. 

Red  River  of  the  North  rises  in  Elbow  Lake,  in 
Minnesota,  near  lat.  47°  6'  N.,  at  an  altitude  of  1680  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  It  runs  nearly  southward,  and  expands 
into  a  lake  named  Otter  Tail.  It  next  runs  westward  to 
Breckenridge,  where  it  strikes  the  eastern  boundary  of 
Dakota  and  turns  abruptly  to  the  right.  Below  this  point 
it  forms  the  boundary  between  Dakota  and  Minnesota. 
until  it  passes  beyond  the  N.  frontier  of  the  United  State?. 
After  it  has  reached  lat.  46°  30'  N.,  it  runs  northward  with 
a  very  direct  and  undeviating  course  for  several  hundred 
miles,  passing  through  a  fertile,  treeless  plain  which  is  re- 
markably level.  "  This  valley,  or  rather  plain,"  says  Cyrus 
Thomas,  "  extends  northward  from  Lake  Traverse  to  Lake 
Winnipeg,  having  an  average  width  of  30  or  35  miles,  one 
uniform  level  scarcely  interrupted  by  a  swell  or  depression. 
There  is,  perhaps,  no  place  on  the  continent  that  so  fully 
meets  our  idea  of  a  flat  or  *  dead  level'  country  as  this  val- 
ley." This  river  intersects  the  British  province  of  Mani- 
toba, and  enters  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Winnipeg  near  lat.  50° 
20'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  650  miles.  Northward 
from  Breckenridge  to  its  mouth  it  has  a  descent  of  about  I 
foot  in  .a  mile.     It  is  navigable  for  steamboats. 

Red  River  Springs,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co., 
New  Mexico. 

Red  River  Station  (Salt  Creek  Post-Office),  a  village 
of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  on  Red  River,  85  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Red  Rock,  a  post- village  in  Red  Rock  township,  Ma- 
rion CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Otley,  and  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  255 ;  of  the  township,  1445. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

Red  Rock,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.     P.  710, 

Red  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canaan  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  East  Chatham,  and  26  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.   See  also  Foster  Broo» 

Red  Rock,  a  post- village  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  30  mile 
S.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  several  churches  and  3  stores. 

Red  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brecknock  township,  Lan-I 
caster  co.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.     It  has 
flour-mill  and  a  cigar-factory. 


I 


RED 


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Redruth,  rWruth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
9  miles  W.X.W.  of  Fiilmouth.  Population  extensively  em- 
ployed in  rich  copper-  and  tin-mines.  The  town  has  2 
churches,  a  modern  grammar-school,  a  union  workhouse, 
an  elegant  clock-tower,  a  reading-room,  a  branch  bank, 
And  a  small  theatre.     Pop.  of  parish,  10,685. 

Red  Sea,  or  Ara'bian  Gulf  (Fr.  Mer  Rouge,  maiR 
roozh,  or  Ool/e  Arabique,  golf  8,'ri'beek' ;  Ger.  Rothes  Meer, 
ro't§s  mala,  or  Arabiachen  Meerbuaen,  i-ri'bish-^n  main'- 
boo-z§n;  It.  Mar  Roaao,  maR  ros'so;  Sp.  Mar  Rojo,  maR 
ro'Ho;  anc.  Erythrse'um  Ma're,  or  Ma' re  Ru'brum ;  Gr. 
*Epv0pa  (daXaa-aa,  Eruthra  Thalasaa),  an  extensive  inland 
sea,  communicating  with  the  Indian  Ocean  by  the  Strait 
of  Bab-cl-Mandcb,  and  stretching  in  a  N.N.W.  direction 
between  Arabia  on  the  E.  and  Egypt  on  the  AV.,  and  only 
separated  from  the  Mediterranean  on  the  N.  by  the  Isthmus 
of  Suez,  which,  where  narrowest,  does  not  exceed  80  miles 
across.  It  forms  a  very  long  and  comparatively  narrow 
expanse,  about  1450  miles  in  length.  The  breadth,  where 
widest,  as  on  the  tropic  of  Cancer,  does  not  exceed  200 
miles,  and  in  general  it  diminishes  gradually  both  at  its 
S.  and  N.  extremities.  At  the  N.  extremity  it  divides  into 
two  branches,  one  of  which,  forming  the  Gulf  of  Akaba, 
penetrates  N.  by  B.  into  Arabia  for  about  100  miles,  with 
an  average  breadth  of  about  15  miles ;  while  the  other, 
forming  the  Gulf  of  Suez,  follows  the  general  direction  of 
the  sea,  and  penetrates  between  Arabia  and  Egypt  about 
200  miles,  with  an  average  breadth  of  20  miles.  From  this 
point,  through  the  ship-canal  of  Suez,  its  waters  communi- 
cate with  the  Mediterranean.  In  the  fork  between  these 
two  branches  is  the  celebrated  Mount  Sinai.  The  shores, 
both  on  the  E.  and  W,,  are  for  the  most  part  sandy,  though 
sometimes  swampy,  from  10  to  30  miles  in  width,  and  sud- 
denly terminated  by  the  abutments  of  a  lofty  table-land 
from  3000  to  6000  feet  high.  The  Red  Sea  may  thus  be 
considered  as  occupying  the  bottom  of  an  immense  longi- 
tudinal valley,  which  probably  at  one  time  extended  between 
the  table-lands  without  interruption,  but  has  since  been 
partially  filled  up  by  coral-workings,  which,  extending  in 
parallel  lines  at  a  short  distance  from  either  coast,  have 
subdivided  the  sea  into  three  dififerent  channels,  and  have 
also  studded  its  shores  with  numerous  small  islands.  It 
is  supposed  by  some  to  have  derived  its  name  from  the 
large  quantities  of  red  coral  and  pink-colored  fuel  which 
it  yields ;  but  it  is  with  more  probability  derived  from  the 
ancient  Idumxa,  "  sea  of  Edom,"  Edom  signifying  "  red." 

In  the  main  channel  the  depth  sometimes  exceeds  230 
fathoms,  and  is  supposed  to  average  at  least  100  fathoms, 
but  diminishes  towards  the  extremities,  where  the  depth 
in  general  is  from  40  to  50  fathoms.  In  the  Gulf  of  Suez 
this  depth  gradually  decreases  to  30  fathoms,  and  at  the 
harbor  of  Suez  is  only  3  fathoms ;  in  the  Gulf  of  Akaba,  on 
the  contrary,  the  depth  is  about  the  same  as  in  the  main 
channel.  The  currents  of  the  Red  Sea  are  entirely  the  re- 
sult of  its  prevailing  winds.  From  October  to  May,  when 
the  wind  blows  generally  with  great  constancy  from  the  S., 
a  strong  current  sets  in  from  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb, 
and  produces  a  general  rise  in  the  water  of  about  2  feet ; 
from  May  to  October  the  N.  wind  continues  to  blow  with 
such  force  and  constancy  as  to  give  the  current  a  S.  direc- 
tion. These  winds,  however,  proceeding  either  directly 
N.  or  S.,  affect  only  the  main  body  of  the  sea,  and  leave  a 
considerable  belt  along  the  coast  subject  to  alternations  of 
land-  and  sea-breezes  and  not  unfrequently  to  sudden 
squalls.  The  principal  harbors  of  the  Red  Sea  are,  on  the 
African  coast,  Suez,  Kosseir,  Suakin,  and  Massowa;  and 
on  the  Arabian  coast,  Jidda,  Yembo,  and  Hodeida.  The 
Red  Sea  has  lately  become  important  as  a  channel  of  com- 
merce in  connection  with  the  Suez  Canal.    (See  Suez.) 

The  Jews  and  Phoenicians  appear  to  have  carried  on  an 
extensive  trade  upon  this  sea;  and  after  the  destruction 
of  the  Persian  Empire  it  resumed  its  importance  as  the 
principal  route  of  traffic  between  Europe  and  the  East, 
which  distinction  it  retained  until  the  discovery  of  the 
passage  round  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  trade  from 
shore  to  shore  at  present  is  not  of  much  importance,  consist- 
ing chiefly  of  the  transport  of  pilgrims,  considerable  num- 
bers of  slaves,  and  some  grain  from  Egypt.  It  was  that 
part  of  the  Red  Sea  called  the  Gulf  of  Suez  that  the  Israel- 
ites crossed  in  their  flight  from  Egypt. 

Red  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  about  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Greensborough. 

Red  Stone,  a  post-offico  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Republican  River,  about  62  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Ued'stone,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  about  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Brownsville,  is  bounded  N.  by  Redstone 
Creek.     Pop.  1152. 


Redstone,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in  JeffersoD 
township,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Cookstown. 

Redstone  Creek,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  runs  N.W.,  and 
enters  the  Monongahela  1  mile  below  Brownsville. 

Red  Store,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark. 

Red  Store,  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
rice-mill. 

Red  SnI'phnr  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Indian  Creek,  about  36  miles 
S.W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  is  in  a  valley 
among  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  6  miles  S.  of  Rollineburg. 

Red  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  3 
miles  from  Imlaystown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Red  Vermilion,  v^r-mil'yun,  a  township  of  Nemaha 
CO.,  Kansas.     Pop.  511.     It  contains  America  City. 

Red  Vermilion  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Nemaha  co., 
runs  southward  through  Pottawatomie  co.,  and  enters  the 
Kansas  River  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville. 

Red  Wil'low,  a  S.W.  county  of  Nebraska,  bordering 
on  Kansas.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Republican  River,  and  drained  by  Red  Willow  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  timber. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Burlington  <t  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road.   Capital,  Indianola.    P.  in  1880,  3044;  in  1890,  8837. 

Red  WillOAV,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb., 
about  5  miles  W.  of  Indianola. 

Red  Wine,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  parish,  La. 

Red  Wing,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  at  the  upper  end  of  Lake  Pepin,  about  1  mile  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Cannon  River,  and  58  miles  below  St. 
Paul,  and  also  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 41  miles  by  rail  from  St.  Paul,  and  63  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Winona.  The  site  is  a  plain  between  the  river  and  a 
bluff  which  is  about  300  feet  high.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 13  churches,  a  high  school,  several  grammar-schools, 
the  Red  Wing  Collegiate  Institute,  a  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  It  has  manufactures  of 
flour,  steam-engines,  agricultural  machinery,  ploughs, 
lumber,  doors,  sash,  and  blinds.  Red  Wing  is  a  great 
market  for  wheat,  which  is  its  chief  article  of  export.  Pop. 
in  1880,  5876;  in  1890,  6294. 

Redwitz ,  rSd'^its,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  23  miles  E.  ;  f 
Baireuth.     Pop.  1903. 

Red'wood,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Redwood  and  Big  Cottonwood  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce 
in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad  and  the  Minneapolis  &,  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
Capital,  Redwood  Falls.  Pop.  in  1870,  1829;  in  1875, 
2982;  in  1880,  .^375;  in  1890,  9386. 

Redwood,  township,  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  2978. 

Redwood,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Alexandria  township,  on  the  Black  River  &  Morristown 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  water- 
power  furnished  by  the  outlet  of  a  small  lake,  and  contains 
4  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  window-glass.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Redwood  City,  the  capital  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal., 
is  in  Redwood  township,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Redwood  Station,  29  miles  S.  by  E.  of  San  Francisco, 
and  about  3  miles  S.W.  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  several  ware- 
houses, a  flouring-mill,  and  5  churches.     P.  (1890)  1572. 

Redwood  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Redwood 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Red- 
wood River,  about  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Min- 
nesota River,  and  40  miles  above  New  Ulm.  It  is  on  the 
Minnesota  Valley  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sleepy  Eye 
Lake.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  and  quarries  of  soapstone  and 
mineral  paint.  Pop.  of  the  townsnip  in  1890,  1427 ;  of  the 
village,  1238.     The  river  here  falls  22  feet  at  one  point. 

Redwood  River,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of  Lyon 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Redwood  co.,  and  enters  the 
Minnesota  River  3  miles  N.E.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Reed,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.     Pop.  in  1890,  5208. 

Reed,  a  township  of  Seneca  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1334. 

Reed,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  353. 

Reed,  or  Bayside,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  4  miles  from  Elgin  Corners.  It  has  a 
church,  4  saw-mills,  a  threshing-machine  factory,  Ac. 


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Reed  City,  a  post-village  of  Osceola  cc,  Mich.,  in  Rich- 
jQond  township,  on  Hersey  Creek,  and  on  the  Grand  Kapids 
k  Indiana  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Flint  <fc  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  69  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Hersey,  and  about  54  miles  E.S.E,  of  Manistee. 
It  has  a  church,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  grist-mills,  4  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory,  and  a  machine-shop.    Pop.  in  1890,  1776. 

Reed  Creek,  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  runs  eastward,  and  en- 
ters New  River  15  miles  E.  of  Wytheville. 

Reed  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga. 

Reed  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Columbia  township, 
Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Reed'er,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
777.     It  contains  Central  City. 

Reeder,  a  township  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  199. 
It  contains  Lake  City. 

Reeder's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  oo.,  Ala. 

Reed'er's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa, 
about  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  saw-mill. 

Reeder's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Reed  Island,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Reed  Level,  Covington  co.,  Ala.    See  Red  Level. 

Reed  Planta'tion,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo., 
Me.     Pop.  54. 

Reed's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri &  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Carthage.  Lead 
and  zinc  are  found  here. 

Reed's,  New  Hampshire.    See  Reed's  Ferky. 

Reed's,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Sunbury. 

Reed's,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  at  Crooksville,  13  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Zanesville. 

Reeds'burg,  a  post-bamlet  in  Plain  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  10  miles  W.  of  Wooster.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedsburg,  Clarion  co..  Pa.    See  Reidsburg. 

Reedsburg,  a  post-village  in  Reedsburg  township, 
Sauk  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Madison  division),  about  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Baraboo,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Portage.  It  has 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  5  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  It  is  noted  as  a 
market  for  hops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1737. 

Reed's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Sparta  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Dansville.   It  has  a  church. 

Reed's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
near  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Canan- 
daigua.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Reed's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville. 

Reeds'dale,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Thames,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Becancour  Station. 

Reed's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  in  Merrimao  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and 
on  the  Concord  Railroad,  at  Reed's  Station,  9  miles  N.  of 
Ns/Shua.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  fish- 
barrels,  lumber,  Ac. 

Reed's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  near 
a  gap  in  Shade  Mountain,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mifflintown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Reed's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Arkansas  River. 

Reed's  Landing,  Minnesota.    See  Read's  Landing. 

Reed's  Ranch,  post-office,  Donna  Anaco.,  New  Mex. 

Reed's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
ou  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Waukon. 

Reed's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co.,  Mo. 

Reed's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind., 
ou  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  Muncie. 

Reed's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Reedsville,  Georgia,  North  Carolina,  and  New  York. 
Bee  Reidsville. 

Reeds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Centre  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Marysville,  and  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedsville,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  below  Parkers- 
burg,  W.  Va.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  oil- 
barrels.     Poj).  129. 

Reedsville,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Mif- 
flin CO.,  Pa.,  on  Kishacoquillas  Creek,  and  on  the  Miffiin 
&  Centre  County  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Lewistown.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  axe-fac- 
ory.     Pop.  about  400. 


Reedsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Kingwood.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedsville,  or  Reedville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mani- 
towoc CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  <fe  Western 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Manitowoc. 

Reed'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  Reed  township,  Seneca 
CO.,  0.,  4i  miles  N.  of  Attica  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Reed'ville,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of 
Indianapolis. 

Reedville,  a  station  in  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Willard. 

Reedville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
tannery. 

Reedville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 

Reed'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  36  mil«« 
S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Reedy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C 

Reedy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Reedy  Fork,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Guilford  co., 
runs  eastward  into  Alamance  co.,  and  unites  with  another 
stream  to  form  the  Haw  River. 

Reedy  Island,  at  the  head  of  Delaware  Bay.  At  its 
extreme  S.  point  is  a  fixed  light,  55  feet  above  the  sea. 

Reedy  Island  Creek,  Virginia,  runs  northwestward, 
intersects  Carroll  co.,  and  enters  New  River  about  2  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Newbern. 

Reedy  Rip'ple,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedy  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Greenville  co., 
runs  nearly  southward  through  Laurens  co.,  and  enters  the 
Saluda  River  about  9  miles  E.  of  Cokesbury. 

Reedy  River  Factory,  post-office,  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Reedy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Dublin. 

Reedy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
7  miles  S.  of  Spout  Spring  Station. 

Reed'yville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Reedyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  S 
miles  W.  of  Spencer.     It  has  a  church. 

Reel'foot,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Lake  co.. 
Tenn.,  on  Reelfoot  Lake,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hickman,  Ky. 

Reelfoot  Lake,  in  Obion  and  Lake  cos.,  Tenn.,  near 
the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  and  extending  into  Fulton  co., 
Ky.,  is  a  large  and  shallow  expanse  of  water,  18  miles  long, 
formed  during  the  earthquake  of  1811.  It  is  to  a  great  ex- 
tent a  submerged  forest,  covered  largely  with  water-lilies 
and  other  aquatic  plants ;  and  its  waters  swarm  with  the 
deadly  cotton-mouth  snake  and  other  reptiles.  It  receives 
Reelfoot,  Pawpaw,  Indian,  Brown's,  and  other  creeks,  and 
takes  its  name  from  its  fancied  resemblance  to  the  well- 
known  malformation  of  the  human  foot  termed  "  reelfoot." 
The  toes  of  the  foot  are  in  Kentucky.  Reelfoot  River, 
the  outlet  of  Reelfoot  Lake,  is  at  present  an  affluent  of  the 
Obion,  its  former  channel,  which  led  directly  to  the  Missis- 
sippi, having  been  closed  by  a  "  sand-blow." 

Reels'vUle,  a  post-viUago  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Eel  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brazil.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  2  stores. 

Rees,  Tie,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  41  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.  3611.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  hosiery,  tobacco,  Ac. 

Reese,  reess,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Denmark  township,  on  the  Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  2  stave-factories.     Pop.  about  400. 

Reese,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween Hollidaysburg  and  Williamsburg,  5  miles  E.  of  the 
former. 

Reese  River,  Nevada,  runs  northward  in  the  arid  and 
sterile  table-land  of  the  Great  Basin.  It  intersects  Lander 
CO.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Humboldt  co.  It  sometimes 
enters  Humboldt  River,  and  sometimes  is  absorbed  in  the 
barren  sands  before  it  reaches  that  river.  Silver  is  found 
near  Reese  River. 

Reese's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  tl 
Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 

Reese's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind.,  o« 
Sugar  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  '' 
flour-mill. 

Reese's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va., ' 
miles  from  Keyser.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Reeseville,  reess' vil,  a  station  in  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  i 


xvEj£ 


2261 


REH 


the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  61  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham. 

Reeseville,  a  hamlet  of  Schenectady  cc,  N.Y.,  in  Rot- 
terdam township,  1  mile  from  Schenectady. 

Reeseville,  or  Ber'wyn,  a  post-village  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  "W.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Berwyn  Post- 
Offico. 

Keeseville^  a  post-village  in  Lowell  township,  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Lowell.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bee'sor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Chippewa  River,  24  miles  below  Benson. 

Rees  Store,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss. 

Rees  Tannery,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va., 
bi  miles  from  Keyser.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  tannery. 

Rees'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  <k  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  8i  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Reeth,  reeth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Reetz,  rkta,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the 
Ihna,  42  ailes  E.S.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  3105. 

Reeve,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1676. 
eeve,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  588. 
eeve,  a  station  on  the  Mount  Holly,' Lumberton  <& 

edford  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Mount  Holly,  N.J. 

Reeves,  South  Carolina.     See  Reevesville. 

Reeves,  reevz,  township,  Marion  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  1815. 

Reevesby  (reevz'bee)  Island,  South  Australia,  in 
Spencer  Gulf,  is  20  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Lincoln. 

Reevesdale,  reevz'dal,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  2i  miles  W.  of  Tamaqua. 

Reeves'  (reevz)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  oo., 
Oa.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  26^  miles  S. 
of  Dalton. 

Reevesville,  reevz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Colleton  co., 
B.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  at  Reeves  Station,  52 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  church  and  2  dis- 
tilleries of  turpentine. 

Reevesville,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Denison,  2^  miles  from  Red  River,  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Sherman.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy. 

Reezah,  Rizah,  ree'z&,  or  Rizeh,  ree'z^h,  a  mari- 
i|    time  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  35  miles  E.  of  Trebizond. 
■  KRe^form',  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala. 
IBReform,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
"".E.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour- mill,  and  a  broom- 
factory. 

Refton,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.    See  Lime  Valley. 

Refuge,  a  poet-office  of  Washington  co..  Miss. 

Refu'gio  (Sp.  ri-foo'je-o),  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Texas,  borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  about  760 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  San  Antonio 
River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Aransas  River.  It  is  drained 
by  Blanco  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  cattle, 
many  thousand  head  of  which  are  annually  raised,  and 
which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Refugio. 
Pop.  ia  1870,  2324;  in  1880,  1685  j  in  1890,  1239. 

Refugio,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Refugio  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Mission  River,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria.     P.  465. 

Rega,  ri'gi,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania  (formed 
by  the  Old  and  the  New  Rega),  flows  N.N.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Baltic.     Length,  70  miles. 

Regalbuto,  ri-gil-boo'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  9429.     It  has  a  royal  college. 

Regan,  ri'gin',  a  fortified  town  of  Persia,  in  Eerman. 
Lat.  28°  50'  N.;  Ion.  59°  8'  E. 

Regello,  ri-jai'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Florence,  in  the  Upper  Val  d'Arno,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Mount  Vallombrosa.     Pop.  10,259. 

Regen,  ri'gh^n,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  in  the  Bohmer- 
wald,  flows  W.  and  S.,  and  enters  the  Danube  on  the  right 
at  Stadt-am-IIof,  opposite  Ratisbon.     Length,  68  miles. 

Regensburg,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Ratisbon. 

Regenstauf,  ri'gh§ns-tSwr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Regen,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2032. 
i         Re'gent's  Sword,  a  remarkable  promontory  of  China, 
province  of  Leao-Tong,  which  divides  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee- 
Lee  from  the  Yellow  Sea.     Lat.  39°  N. 

Regenwalde,  ri'gh^n-^^ird^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Rega.     Pop.  3363. 

Reggio,  rfid'jo  (anc.  Ehe'gium,  or  lihe'qium  Ju'iium), 
often  called  Reggio  di  Calabria,  the  southernmost  city 


and  seaport  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Messina,  on  the  E.  side 
of  its  strait.  Pop.  23,853.  It  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  royal  college,  a 
hospital,  a  foundling  asylum,  a  theatre,  a  civil  and  crimi- 
nal court,  manufactures  of  silks,  gloves,  hosiery,  and  arti- 
cles from  the  thread  of  the  shell-fish  pinna  maritima,  and 
an  export  trade  in  wine,  oil,  citron,  and  olives,  the  produce 
of  its  vicinity.  In  ancient  times  this  was  one  of  the  re 
nowned  cities  of  Magna  Grsecia,  and  was  noted  for  its  wines. 

Reggio  (anc.  Re'gium  Lep'idi),  a  fortified  city  of  North 
Italy,  capital  of  Reggio  nell'  Emilia,  situated  14  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Modena,  on  the  ^milian  Way,  and  connected 
with  the  Po  by  the  river  Crostolo  and  the  navigable  canal 
of  Tassone.  Pop.  19,131;  or,  including  suburbs,  50,657. 
It  is  well  built  and  handsome ;  the  streets  are  bordered 
with  arcades.  It  has  a  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  cita- 
del, a  city  hall,  a  theatre,  a  college,  a  public  library  with 
30,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  antiquities,  manufactures  of 
silks,  hempen  fabrics,  horn,  and  wooden  and  ivory  articles, 
and  a  trade  in  cattle  and  agricultural  produce. 

Reggio  di  Calabria,  rfid'jo  dee  ki-li'bre-i  (formerly 
Calabria  Ulteriore  I.),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Cala- 
bria, foiming  the  extreme  S.  part  of  continental  Italy,  and 
chiefly  surrounded  by  the  sea.  Area,  1515  square  miles. 
It  is  mountainous,  and  produces  much  silk  and  oil.  Capi- 
tal, Reggio.     Pop.  353,608. 

Reggiolo,  red-jo'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.  of 
GuasUlla.     Pop.  5949. 

Reggio  nell'  Emilia,  rfid'jo  nfil  Ii-mee'le-&,  a  prov- 
ince of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  bounded  N.W.  by  the  Po.  Area, 
884  square  miles.  It  is  very  fertile,  except  in  the  S.  Cap- 
ital, Reggio.     Pop.  240,635. 

Reginum,  or  Regina.    See  Ratisbon. 

Register's,  rfij'is-t§rz,  a  station  in  Brunswick  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  Wilmington. 

Regla,  rfig'lfi,,  a  fortified  suburb  of  Havana,  in  Cuba,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  its  bay.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  large 
government  warehouses  and  a  spacious  hospital.  It  is  the 
principal  seat  of  the  Havana  slave-trade. 

Regnitz,  rfig'nits,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Rednitz  and  Pegnitz  at  Fiirth,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Main  3  miles  N.W.  of  Bamberg. 

Regnum,  the  ancient  name  of  CHiCHt;sTER. 

Regny,  rfin^yee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1484. 

Re'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  about  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a  flour- mill. 

Regoa,  rk-go'k,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  on  the  Douro,  3  miles  N.  of  Lamego.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  port  wines. 

Reguiny,  ri^ghee^nee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
han,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1266. 

Reha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Oorfa. 

Rehau,  r&'how,  or  Rechau,  rfiK'Sw,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Griinebach,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Eger.  It  has 
a  cotton-mill,  a  brewery,  &o.     Pop.  3317. 

Rehburg,  r^'bd5R0,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1313. 

Rehden,  rd'd^n,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  24  miles  S4 
of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  1780. 

Rehme,  r^'m^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser,  and  on  the  Berlin  <fc 
Cologne  Railway.     Pop.  of  commune,  1762. 

Rehmutpoor,  r^h^mut-poor',  Rhaimatpur,  or 
Rhyniutpoor,  ri^mut-poor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency 
of  Bombay,  district  and  14  miles  from  Sattarah.    Pep.  7168. 

Rehna,  r&'n&,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  2419. 

Reho'both,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  about 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rehoboth,  a  hamlet  of  Wilkes  00.,  Ga.,  10  miles  &om 
Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  00.,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany.     Here  is  a  church. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Bristol  00,. 
Mass.,  8  miles  £.  of  Providence,  R.I.  It  nas  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  hosiery  and  wooden-ware.     P.  1827. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  township.  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zanesville,  and  2  miles  N. 
of  New  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
stone-ware.     Pop.  156. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  00.,  S.C,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about  70 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 


L 


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Rehoboth  Bay^  on  the  coast  of  Delaware,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Cape  Henlopen,  is  separated  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  by  a  nari-ow  peninsula.  It  connects  on  the  S.  with 
Indian  River  Bay. 

Rehoboth  Beach,  a  post-office  and  watering-place 
of  Sussex  CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  near  the  N.  shore 
of  Rehoboth  Bay,  and  on  an  extension  of  the  Junction  &, 
Breakwater  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lewes. 

Rehoboth  Church,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Va. 

Rehrersburg,  ra'r§rs-btirg,  a  post-village  in  Tulpe- 
hocken  township,  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rei,  Ripley  co.,  Ind.     See  Delaware. 

Reichelsheim,  ri'K§ls-hime\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Darm- 
stadt.    Pop.  1528. 

Reicheuau,  ri'K^h-nSw*,  or  Mittelzell,  mit't^l- 
tsSir,  an  island  of  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden, 
in  the  Untersee,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.  Length,  3 
miles ;  breadth,  1  mile.     Pop.  1487. 

Reichenau  (Bohemian,  Saukeniczaky,  sSw'k^-nitch^- 
ekee),  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Koniggratz,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Wilde-Adler.     P.  4802. 

Reichenau,  or  Reicheu,  ri'K?n,  a  village  of  Bohe- 
mia, 25  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2588. 

Reichenau,  or  Reichen,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  cir- 
cle of  Leitmeritz,  56  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1106. 

Reichenau,  or  Richnow,  tIk'uov  (?),  a  village  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia.     Pop.  1700. 

Reichenau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  7  miles  E.  of  Zittau. 
Pop.  5072.  It  has  flour-mills,  dye-works,  and  manufac- 
tures of  linen. 

Reichenau,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Gri- 
Bons,  at  the  junction  of  the  two  heads  of  the  Rhine,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chur. 

Reichenau,  Alt,  3,lt  ri'K§h-n5w\  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Silesia,  22  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2556. 

Reichenbach,  ri'K^n-biK^  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Bern,  joins  the  Aar  opposite  Meiringen.  It  de- 
scends nearly  2000  feet  in  a  succession  of  falls. 

Reichenbach,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Peile.  Pop.  7268.  It  is  enclosed 
by  strong  walls,  and  has  several  churches,  a  synagogue, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  oloth,  muslins,  cotton  stufis, 
canvas,  oil,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Reichenbach,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Saxon  Ba- 
varian Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plauen.  Pop.  14,620. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  cashmeres,  cotton  and 
linen  stuffs,  merinoes,  damask,  and  hosiery ;  also  dye-works 
and  print-works. 

Reichenberg,  ri'K§n-bflRG\  or  Liberk,  lee'bSnk,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Neisse,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Prague, 
In  lat.  50°  46'  N.,  Ion.  15°  5'  E.  Pop.  22,394.  It  has  2 
castles,  several  churches,  a  royal  and  a  normal  school,  a 
theatre,  a  large  brewery,  important  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  linen  stuflFs,  yarn,  leather,  hats,  machinery, 
fire-arms,  and  merinoes,  and  many  dyeing-houses. 

Reichenhall,  ri'K^n-hiir,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
on  the  Saale,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Salzburg.  Pop.  3302.  In  its 
vicinity  are  extensive  salt-works. 

Reichenstein,  ri'K§n-stine\  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2143. 

Reichsdorf,  Bohemia.     See  Reischdorf. 

Reichshofen,  or  Reichshoffen,  riks^hoffSn'  (Qer. 
pron.  riKs'ho^f^n),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Wissembourg.     Pop.  2862. 

Reichstadt,  riK'stitt,  or  Zakopy,  z4-ko'pee,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  2107.  It 
has  a  fine  castle  and  a  Capuchin  convent. 

Reichst&dt,  riK'statt,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nieder,  nee'- 
d§r,  two  contiguous  villages  of  Saxony,  near  Dippoldis- 
walde.     Pop,  1095. 

Reichthal,  riK'tll,  a  town  of  Prussia,  35  miles  E.  of 
Breslau,  on  the  Studnitza.     Pop.  1241. 

Reid,  La,  li  rit,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1800. 

Reid,  reed,  a  station  in  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
&  Brunswick  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon. 

Reiden,  or  Reyden,  ri'den,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Lucerne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Sursee.     Pop.  1669. 

Reidenbach's  (ri'd§n-biKs)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  2i  miles  from  New  Holland.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Reid's,  reedz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  2i 
miles  from  Emerald  Station. 

Reidsburg,  reedz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co., 


Pa.,  on  Piney  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.     It 
has  2  churches. 

Reid's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Walkef  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &.  North  Alabama  Railroad,  about  27  miles  N.  of 
Birmingham. 

Reidsville,  reedz'vil,  a  post-vUlage,  capital  of  Tatnal! 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  66  miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  ha-s  a  churjh, 
an  academy,  2  hotels,  and  several  stores. 

Reidsville,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Reidsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Berne 
township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  quarry  of  flagstone. 

Reidsville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Dan- 
ville, Va.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  6  tobacco-factories,  and  2  warehouses  for  tobacco. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2969. 

Reidsville,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C.,  in 
Reidsville  township,  5  miles  from  Vernonville.  It  has  a 
female  college  and  an  academy  for  boys.  Pop.  of  township, 
2679. 

Reiifsburg,  rifs'btlrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Reigate,  ri'gate,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Mole,  and  on  the  London  <fc  Brighton 
and  Southeast  Railways,  6  miles  E.  of  Dorking,  and  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  London.  Pop.  22,646.  It  is  remarkably 
neat  and  clean,  having  an  unusual  number  of  handsome 
residences,  a  church  containing  a  library  and  many  costly 
monuments,  a  large  national  school,  a  town  hall,  a  market 
house,  and  some  groundworks  of  a  castle,  including  a  cave 
in  which  the  barons  are  said  to  have  met  and  arranged  the 
articles  of  Magna  Charta.  At  the  S.  end  of  the  town,  on 
the  site  of  an  old  priory,  is  the  elegant  mansion  of  Earl 
Somers.  Fuller's  earth,  and  fine  sand  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  glass,  are  articles  of  commerce. 

Reignac,  rin'yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  3 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Barbezieux.     Pop.  1223. 

Reignac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  near 
the  Indre,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Tours. 

Reignier,  rain^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  near 
the  Arve,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1814. 

Reigoldsweil,  ri'golts-^il\  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1414. 

Reikiavik,  ri'ke-g,-vik\  or  Reylgavik,  rik'yi-vik\ 
written  also  Reikiavig,  the  capital  town  of  Iceland,  near 
its  S.W.  coast,  in  lat.  64°  8'  40"  N.,  Ion.  21°  50'  W.  Pop. 
1400.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  the  seat  of  government,  and 
has  a  college,  medical  and  divinity  schools,  an  observatory, 
and  a  library. 

Reil,  ril,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Treves,  on 
the  Moselle.     Pop.  1400. 

Reiley,  or  Reily,  rl'lee,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co., 
0.,   in  Reily    township,   about   28    miles    N.N.W.  of  Cin 
cinnati.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1612. 

Reilingen,  ri'ling-§n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Schwetzingen.     Pop.  2121. 

Reilly,  ri'lee,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1890. 

Reily  (ri'lee)  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.» 
Tex.,  25  miles  N.  of  Mineola.    Near  it  are  several  churches, 

Reimersburg,  Clarion  co..  Pa.     See  Rimersburg. 

Reinierton,  ri'mer-tgn,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co._, 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River,  16  miles  N.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  a  spoke- 
factory.     Here  is  Rimer  Post-Office. 

Reims,  or  Rheims,  reemz  (Fr.  pron.  riNz ;  anc,  Duro- 
corto'rum,  afterwards  Re'mi),  a  city  of  France,  department 
of  Marne,  on  the  Vesle,  and  on  the  Canal  of  the  Aisne  and 
Marne,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Cha,lons,  and  100  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Paris.  Lat.  49°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  3'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by 
slopes  covered  with  vineyards,  and  is  enclosed  with  walls 
flanked  with  towers.  The  streets  are  spacious  and  tolerably 
regular,  and  several  of  the  squares  are  large  and  handsome. 
The  ramparts,  which  have  a  circuit  of  nearly  3  miles,  are 
planted,  and  form  an  excellent  promenade.  The  principal 
edifices  are  the  cathedral,  founded  in  1212,  one  of  the  finest 
Gothic  structures  now  existing  in  Europe,  466  feet  long  and 
121  feet  high,  surmounted  by  two  massive  towers  and 
adorned  with  a  richly-sculptured  portal  and  fagade;  the 
church  of  St.  Remi,  originally  belonging  to  a  Benedictine 
monastery,  the  oldest,  and  still,  except  the  cathedral,  the 
finest  church  in  Reims ;  and  the  Porte  de  Mars,  one  of  th^ 
gates  originally  built  by  the  Romans  as  a  triumphal  area 
in  honor  of  Caesar  and  Augustus,  and  recently  repaired 
rendering  it  a  truly  splendid  structure.  The  town  has  i 
library  of  60,000  volumes,  a  lycie  or  college,  a  theatre, 
city  hall,  a  palais  de  justice,  numerous  fountains,  and  manfl 


KEl 


2263 


RE^ 


Micient  mansions,  among  which  is  the  hOtel  uf  the  Counts 
of  Champagne.  It  has  numerous  manufactories  of  cassi- 
meres,  flannels,  merinoes,  fine  woollen  cloth,  shawls,  ma- 
chinery, glass,  champagne  wine,  chemical  products,  soap, 
JiO.,  and  a  trade  in  the  excellent  wine  of  its  vicinity,  it 
was  the  birthplace  of  Colbert.  Clovis  was  baptized  at 
Beimg,  a.d.  4:96.  Philip  Augustus  was  consecrated  here 
in  1179,  and  all  his  successors  were  also  consecrated  at 
Reims  till  the  revolution  of  1830,  with  the  exception  of 
Henry  IV.,  Napoleon,  and  Louis  XVIII,  It  is  renowned 
in  the  history  of  the  Middle  Ages  for  the  maintenance  of 
its  liberties  against  the  bishops.  Before  the  revolution  of 
1793  it  had  a  celebrated  university,  and  many  councils 
have  been  held  hero.     Pop.  in  18»1,  104,186. 

Reinach,  rl'niK,  or  Rynach^  ree'n&K,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  in  Aargau,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aarau.  Pop. 
3018.     It  has  corn-warehouses  and  cotton-printing-works. 

Reinbeck)  rin'bik,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad 
(Pacific  division),  9  miles  E.  of  Grundy  Centre.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-ofl&ce. 

Reiner  (ri'n^r)  City,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa., 
in  Porter  township,  2  miles  from  Tower  City.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  116. 

Reinersville,  re'n^rs-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan 
00.,  0.,  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2 
churches  and  30  dwellings. 

Reinerz,  ri'ndRt8,Dussnick  (?),  dSSss'nik,  or  Dur- 
nick  (?),  dooR'nik,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  58  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Weistritz.  Pop.  3355.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.     In  its  vicinity  are 

ineral  springs 

IHeinet,  Cape  Colony.     See  Graaf-Reynet. 
iReinfeld,  rin'fSlt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  11 

les  W.S.W.  of  Lubeck. 
Leinheim,  rin'hime,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of 

irkenburg,  near  Dieburg.     Pop.  1411. 

Reinhold's  (rin'holdz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading. 

Reinholdsviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
in  West  Cocalico  township,  li  miles  from  Reinhold's  Station, 
and  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reinsdorf,  rins'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  bailiwick  of  Wildenfels.     Pop.  2635. 

Reinses  (rinz'§z)  Creek  rises  in  AYayne  oo.,  Tenn., 
and  flows  through  Hardin  co.  into  the  Tennessee  River. 

Reinswalde,  rins'^&rd^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  near  Sorau.     Pop.  1618. 

Reischdorf,  rish'doRf,  or  Reichsdorf,  riKs'doRf,  a 
Tillage  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  from  Saatz.     Pop.  2176. 

Reisen,  ri'z§n  (Polish,  Rydzynu,  rid-zee'ni),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1354. 

Reisterstown,  ris't§rz-tSwn,,  a  post- village  of  Balti- 
more CO.,  Md.,  1  mile  from  Reisterstown  Station  of  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  which  is  18  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Baltimore.  It  contains  the  Hannah  More  Academy  for 
girls,  5  churches,  and  the  Franklin  Academy.     Pop.  479. 

Reistville,  rist'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa., 
8  miles  E.  of  Lebanon,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Myerstown.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  90. 

Reiter,  ree't^r,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas, 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Reka,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  Rbcca. 

Rekas,  rSh^kdsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  3630. 

Relay,  re-la',  a  post-oflBce  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Relay  Station,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.  See  Saint  Denis. 

Relfe,  relf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  on  Spring 
Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rolla. 

Relf  s  Bluff,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Ark.,  about 
80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Relief,  re-leef,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky., 
about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Willard.  It  has  3  stores.  Oil  is 
found  here. 

Relleu,  r51-yi-oo',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2521. 

Remagen,  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Rheinhaqen. 

Rcmalard,  r§h-m8.'laR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  on 
the  Huine,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1874. 

Rembang,  rSm^b&ng',  a  Dutch  residency  of  the  island 
of  Java.     Pop.  985,880. 

Rembang,  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a 
deep  bay,  on  the  N.  coast,  W.  of  the  Rembang  River,  and 
80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Samarang,  in  lat.  6°  40'  S.,  Ion.  111° 
17'  E.     Its  harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  the  island,  is  pro- 


tected by  a  point  named  Oedjong-Boender,  which  stretcher 
far  into  the  sea,  and  by  some  islands.     Pop.  11,000. 

Reinda,  rfim'di,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  and  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Rinne.     Pop.  1139. 

Remedios,  or  San  Juan  de  los  Remedios,  sin 
Hoo-&n'  d&  loce  ri-mi'de-oce,  a  town  of  Cuba,  180  miles  E. 
of  Havana,  near  the  port  of  Caibarien,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Caibarien  to  Santo  Espiritu.  It  ships  annually  about 
55,000  hogsheads  of  sugar,  besides  much  molasses  and  to- 
bacco.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Remedios,  ri-m&'de-oce,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  province  and  83  miles 
N.E.  of  Antioquia.  Remedios  is  also  the  name  of  a  fort 
and  cape  of  Central  America,  and  of  a  church  near  Mexico ; 
adjacent  to  the  last  are  the  reputed  remains  of  the  palace 
of  Montezuma. 

Remi,  an  ancient  name  of  Reims. 

Remich,  rd.'miK,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  2400. 

Re'mick,  a  station  in  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  & 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Farwell. 

Rem'ingtou,  a  post-village  in  Carpenter  township, 
Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroiwi  which  connects  Logansport 
with  Watseka,  41  miles  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  ofSce,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  940. 

Remington,  a  post- village  in  Symmes  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  1  mile  from  Montgomery.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  playing-cards. 

Remington,  a  post-office  of  AUegnany  oo..  Pa.,  about 
8  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Remington,  a  station  in  Beaver  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
bur*  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Remington,  a  post-village  in  Remington  township. 
Wood  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Yellow  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsia 
Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  extensive  forests  of  pine. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  152. 

Rem'ington,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  31 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  170. 

Remington  Park,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  oo.,  Fla.. 
on  the  St.  John's  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Tocoi. 

Remire,  r^h^meeu',  an  island  group  of  French  Guiana, 
4  miles  E.  of  Cayenne.  A  village  of  the  same  name  is  on 
the  opposite  mainland. 

Remiremont,  r§h^meeB^m6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  on  the  Moselle,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Epinal.  Pop.  7211. 
It  has  a  fine  abbey,  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  velvet,  embroidery,  muslin, 
edge-tools,  leather,  steel,  hosiery,  <fcc. 

Remlingen,  rdm'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  11  miles 
W.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1258. 

Remouchamps,  rQh-moo^sh&N>',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liege.  It  has  a  remark- 
able double  grotto,  nearly  1  mile  long,  noted  for  its  fossils. 

Remoulins,  r^h-mooMiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
on  the  river  Gard,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Ntmes.     Pop.  1425. 

Remptendorf,  rimp't^n-doBr,  a  village  of  Reuss- 
Greitz,  bailiwick  of  Burgk.     Pop.  xl81. 

Rems,  rSms,  a  river  of  Wlirtemberg,  rises  near  its  E. 
frontiers,  flows  W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Neckar  at  Ludwigs- 
burg.     Length,  50  miles. 

Remscheid,  rim'shit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  26,120.  It  has  extensive 
manufactures  of  all  kinds  of  iron  wares. 

Rem'sen,  a  post-village  in  Remsen  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  &,  Black  River  Railroad,  21  miles 
N.  of  Utica,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Trenton  Falls.  It  contains 
2  or  3  churches  and  a  hotel.  Pop.  289.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  Black  River.     Pop.  1184. 

Remson's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Renac,  r^h-n&k  ,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  1478. 

Renage,  rQh-n&zh',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1870. 

Renaix,.rQh-n^'  (Flemish,  lionse,  ron's^h),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Ghent.  Pop.  12,000.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  3  public 
squares,  each  adorned  with  a  fountain,  3  churches  and  2 
chapels,  a  town  house,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  several 
communal  and  private  schools,  a  musical  society,  and  dif- 
ferent benevolent  institutions.  There  are  also  breweries, 
distilleries,  tanneries,  salt-refineries,  dye-works,  bleach- 
fields,  thread-mills,  brick-  and  tile-works,  manufactures  of 


REN 


2264 


REN 


(inen,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  yarn,  tobacco,  and  chio- 
oory,  and  a  large  trade  in  linens.  Kenaix  dates  from  the 
ai'ghth  century, 

Ke'nanlt,  \  post-township  of  Monroe  oo..  111.  Pop. 
1617.     Renault  Post-OflSce  is  at  Glasgow  City. 

Renchen,  rSnK'^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Bench,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  OflTenburg,  on  the  Basel  &  Mannheim  Rail- 
way.    Pop.  2263. 
Rencum,  a  village  of  the  ^Netherlands.    See  Renkuu. 
Rende^  rin'd^h,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  5286. 

Ren'der,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  & 
Elizabethtown  Railroad,  111  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Rendezvous  (ren'd^h-voo^)  Island,  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  in  lat.  2°  40'  S.,  Ion.  110°  9'  E. 

Rendsburg}  r5nds'b65RG  (Dan.  Bendaborg,  rfinds'- 
boRa),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  an  island  in  the 
Eider,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Kiel  Canal,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Kiel.  Lat.  54°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  40'  E.  Pop. 
11,416.  It  is  divided  into  an  old  and  a  new  town.  The 
principal  public  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Mary,  arsenal, 
military  provision  depot,  and  large  barracks.  It  has  garri- 
son and  numerous  other  schools,  several  houses  of  charity, 
a  house  of  correction,  workhouse,  manufactures  of  stock- 
ings, earthenware,  and  tobacco,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  timber. 
Ren'frew,  or  Renfrewshire,  rSn'fru-shjr  (formerly 
Strathgryfe,  strith'grif ),  a  maritime  county  of  Scotland, 
having  N.  and  W.  the  river  and  Firth  of  Clyde.  Area,  254 
square  miles.  Pop.  290,798.  The  surface  is  mostly  flat, 
except  in  the  W.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  White  Cart, 
Black  Cart,  and  Gryfe.  Coal,  limestone,  and  freestone 
abound.  The  manufactures  are  important,  chiefly  of  cot- 
ton stuffs  and  shawls  at  Paisley,  Pollockshaws,  Neilston, 
&c.  The  principal  towns  are  Renfrew  (the  capital),  Pais- 
ley, Greenock,  and  Port  Glasgow.  The  county  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Renfrew,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Clyde,  6  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  6254.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  parish  church,  town  hall,  and  jail.  It  was  con- 
nected with  the  Clyde  by  a  canal  in  1786,  and  in  1835  a 
commodious  quay  was  built.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
employed  in  weaving  silks  and  muslins,  in  a  bleach-field, 
distillery,  starch-works,  and  in  the  extensive  foundry  and 
ehip-building  yards  on  the  Clyde.  The  burgh  unites  with 
Port  Glasgow,  Dumbarton,  Rutherglen,  and  Kilmarnock  in 
sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ren'frew,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  on  the  Ot- 
tawa River,  has  an  area  of  17,040  square  miles.  Capital, 
Pembroke.     Pop.  29,768. 

Renfrew,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  7 
miles  from  Enfield.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  300. 

Renfrew,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Renfrew,  on  the 
Bonnech^re  River  (which  here  forms  a  magnificent  fall),  and 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Canada  Central  Railway,  58  miles 
W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  unlimited  water-power,  3  churches, 
2  branch  banks,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  woollen-,  saw-,  and 
flour-mills,  and  exports  large  quantities  of  potash.  Pop.  865. 
Ren'frow's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co., 
Tenn.,  4  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  seminary. 

Rengersdorf,  r5ng'§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  government  of  Breslau,  near  Glatz.     Pop.  2176. 

Ren'go,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Colchagua,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rancagua.     Pop.  3896. 

Reni,  or  Reny,  ri'nee,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessara- 
toia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Pruth  and  the  Danube,  106 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  7600. 

Ren'ick,  a  village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 

Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 

Moberly.     Pop.  (1890)  437.    Here  is  Randolph  Post-Office. 

Ren'ick's  Val'ley,  post-ofBce,  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Reningelst,  ri'ning-H51st\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 

Flanders,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2150. 

Reninghe,  ri'ning-H?h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  2240. 

Renknm,  or  Rencum,  rSnk'kiim,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  8  miles  W.  of  Arnhem,  near 
the  Rhine.     Pop.  of  commune,  4741. 

Ren'nel  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Solo- 
mon Islands,  in  lat.  11°  30'  S.,  Ion.  160°  30'  E. 

Rennerod,  rfin'ngh-rot^  a  village  of  Prussia,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1383. 

Renues,  rSnn  (anc.  Conda'te),  a  city  of  France,  capi- 
tal of  the  department  of  lUe-et-Vilaine,  agreeably  situated 
on  the  acclivity  and  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  on  the  Canal  of 
lUe  and  Ranee,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hie  and  Vilaine, 


60  miles  N.  of  Nantes.  Lat.  48°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  41'  W. 
is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  by  the  Vilaine,  which  divides 
into  the  high  and  the  low  town  and  is  crossed  by  3  bridge 
The  latter,  the  smaller  of  the  two,  on  the  left  bank,  is  s^ 
low  as  often  to  suffer  from  inundation.  It  is  very  poorlj 
built.  The  houses  in  it  are  mostly  of  wood,  and  the  streetf 
are  narrow  and  winding.  The  high  town  lies  between  thi 
right  bank  of  the  Vilaine  and  the  left  bank  of  the  Hie,  auq 
strikingly  contrasts  with  the  low  town  by  the  elegance  of  it) 
buildings,  and  its  spacious,  regular  streets.  It  owes  its  presei 
improved  condition  to  a  conflagration  in  1720,  which  rage 
7  days  and  laid  the  greater  part  of  the  high  town  in  ashed 
The  same  event,  however,  which  has  thus  given  it  the  ap 
pearanoe  of  a  handsome  modern  town  has  deprived  it  of 
much  of  its  historical  interest,  by  destroying  almost  all  it 
ancient  edifices.  It  has  a  cathedral,  acadSmie,  a  botani^ 
garden,  a  school  of  artillery,  an  arsenal,  a  seminary,  school 
of  law  and  medicine,  a  national  college  or  li/c6e,  a  norma 
school,  and  a  library  of  45,000  volumes.  It  has  a  tribuna 
of  commerce,  an  extensive  trade  in  butter,  honey,  wax,  and 
linen  goods,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  papeij 
sail-cloth,  hats,  farina,  &o.  Du  Guesclin  and  Lanjuinaif 
were  born  here.     Pop.  in  1891,  69,232. 

Renningen,  rdn'ning-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  1^ 
miles  W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1838. 

Reno,  ri'no  (anc.  Rhe'nua),  a  river  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bologna  and  Ferrara,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  and,  afte 
a  N.  course  of  about  75  miles,  past  Poretta,  Vergato,  an^ 
Cento,  joins  the  Po  di  Primaro  14  miles  S.  of  Ferrara. 

Reno,  the  Italian  name  of  the  Rhine. 

Re'no,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas.  Area,  1266 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Arkansas  River  an^ 
the  Good  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil 
fertile,  nearly  the  whole  of  it  being  prairie.  It  is  trav^ 
ersed  by  a  number  of  railroads.  Capital,  Hutchinson 
Pop.  in  1876,  5112;  in  1880,  12,826;  in  1890,  27,079. 

Reno,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  In 
dianapolis  k  St.  Lonis  Railroad,  27^  miles  W.  of  Indianap 
olis.     It  has  a  church. 

Reno,  a  post-village  in  Edna  township,  Cass  co.,  lowii 
on  Nodaway  River,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic.     It  has 
flour-mill, 

Reno,  a  post-village  in  Reno  township,  Leavenwor 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth  Branch  of  the  Kansa 
Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  i 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  812. 

Reno,  a  township  of  Reno  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop.  195 

Reno,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  268. 

Reno,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  oi 
the  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  149 
miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  Cal.,  about  20  miles  direct  or 
51  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Virginia  City,  and  3  miles  E.  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  printing-oflBces  which  issue  2  daily  newspapers, 
a  powder-mill,  manufactories  of  carriages,  wagons,  and 
brooms,  and  the  large  mill  and  reduction-works  of  the 
Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company.  The  state  prison  is 
located  here.  The  Truckee  is  a  rapid  river  and  affords  ex- 
tensive motive-power  at  this  place.  Reno  is  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad,  and  is  the  dis- 
tributing point  for  a  large  section  of  country.     Pop.  1302. 

Reno,  a  station  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Western 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  States  ville. 

Reno,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  on  the  Franklin 
Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  on 
a  branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Oil 
City,  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  sev- 
eral oil-wells,  and  a  refinery. 

Reno  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.     It  has  a  church. 

Re'noe,  a  post-ofBce  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint 
<fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Ludington. 

Reno'vo,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  in  Chap- 
man township,  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  contains  a  good 
hotel,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
bank,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Railroad-cars 
are  manufactured  here.  Bituminous  ooal  is  found  near  this 
place.     Lumber  is  the  chief  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  4154. 

Renowse,  re-now'se,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Newfoundland,  54  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.  It  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade.     Pop.  859. 

Ren'rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  24  miles  S.E 
of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 
Rensalier,  Ralls  co..  Mo.    See  Rensselaer. 


REN 


2265 


RES 


Rensselaer,  rdn's^l-^r,  a  county  in  tho  E.  part  of 
New  York,  bordering  on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of 
kbout  65U  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Hudson  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Hoosac  Rirer  and 
Kinderhook  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly  and  partly 
mountainous.  The  eastern  part  of  it  is  occupied  by  the 
rooky  and  rugged  Taghanio  Mountains,  which  present  pic- 
turesque scenery.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Hay, 
oats,  butter,  potatoes,  flax,  and  Inditui  corn  are  the  staple 
products.     Among  its  minerals  are    Silurian    limestone, 

J[uartz,  and  roofing-slate.  This  county  has  extensive  manu- 
actures  of  iron,  farming-implements,  and  many  other 
articles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  &  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  the  Fitcbburg  Railroad,  and  branches 
of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad  system,  which  centre 
at  Troy,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  99,549; 
in  1880,  115,328;  in  1890,  124,511. 

Rensselaer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  oo.,  Ind., 

in  Marion  township,  on  the  Iroquois  River,  and  on  the 

Louisville,  New  Albany   &   Chicago   Railroad,   46   miles 

W.N.W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  or  3 

private  banks,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  number  of  churches,  a 

creamery,  manufactures  of  flour,  wagons,  &o.,  and  active 

shipments  of  flour,  corn,  oats,  and  live-stock.    Pop.  in  1880, 

968;  in  1890,  1456. 

^^^Rensselaer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 

^^hissouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  Rensalier  Station, 

^^K  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  church  and  the 

^^■an  Rensselaer  Academy. 

^H[  Rensselaer  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township, 
^ot.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  and  on 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E. 
^^>f  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
^Hpkrriages,  lumber,  &o.     Pop.  395. 

^V^Rensselaerville,  ren'sfl-l^r-vll,  a  post-village  of  Al- 
4)any  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  about  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  contains  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
4  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  626.     The  township  is  drained  by  Catskill  Creek,  and 
ooutains  a  village  named  Preston  Hollow.     Pop.  2682. 
Rentchler,  renoh'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co., 
il.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  E. 
St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 
Renteria,  rdn-t&-ree'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzooa, 
the  Oyarzun,  near  Pasages.     Pop.  2538. 
Ren'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2  miles  N.  of 
umbarton,  on  the  Leven.     Pop.  3087. 
Ren'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  co.,  Washington,  on 
le  Seattle  <fc  Walla  Walla  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Se- 
le.     It  has  a  coal-mine. 

Rentsch,  rSntch,  or  Hochrentsch,  hoK'rdnloh,  a 
Uage  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Rakonitz.     Pop.  1424. 
Renville,  ren'vil,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.     It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  drained 
by  Beaver  Creek.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  almost  destitute  of  forests.     The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  maize,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts.   Capital,  Beaver  Falls.    Pop.  in  1870,  3219;  in  1876, 
6876;  in  1880,  10,791;  in  1890,  17,099. 
Renville,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
^^jiordcring  on  the  British  possessions.     Area,  1332  square 
^^K|ileB.    It  is  drained  by  the  Mouse  River.    Pop.  in  1890,  99. 
^^^B  Renville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Renville  oo.,  Minn.,  near 
^The  Minnesota  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of  New  Ulm.     It  has 
4  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Renville  Station,  a  post-village  in  Emmett  town- 
ship, Renville  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Rail- 
road.    It  has  6  stores  and  a  grain-elevator.     P.  about  150. 
Reny,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Reni. 
R6ole,  La,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  R£ole. 
Repaupo,  rg-paw'po,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woolwich  town- 
ship, Grloucester  co.,  N.J.,  near  the  Delaware  River,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church.     It  is  1  mile 
from  Repaupo  Station  of  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  and 
9i  miles  W.  of  Woodbury. 

Repentigny,  r9h-p6N»Heen^y  ee',  a  post- village  in  L'As- 
somption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Montreal      ?op.  300. 

Repose,  re-p5z',  a  post-ofl5oe  of  Haralson  oo.,  Qa.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Carrollton. 
Rep'pard's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Clinch  oo.,  Ga. 
Reppen,  rfip'p^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
12  miles  E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  4112, 

Reps,  rfips,   or  Kdhalom,   ko'hlMom',  a  town  of 
Iranitylvania,  on  the  Rossbach,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Udvar- 
>ely      It  has  saline  springs.     Pop.  2708. 
14a 


Rep'ton,  or  Rep'ington,  a  village  of  England,  oo. 
and  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Derby,  with  a  noted  grammar-school. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2248. 

Repub'lic,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  borders 
on  Nebraska.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  several  railways.  Cap- 
ital, Belleville.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,913;  in  1890,  19,002. 

Republic,  a  post-village  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  on  a 
branch  railway,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Scandia. 

Republic,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad, 
35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Marquette.  It  is  on  the  Michigamie 
River.     Here  is  a  large  and  rich  iron-mine.     Pop.  900. 

Republic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  <k  Pacific  Railroad,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Springfield.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.    Pop.  about  100. 

Republic,  a  post-village  in  Soipio  township,  Seneca 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Tiffin.  It  contains  4  churches, 
the  Northwestern  Normal  School,  2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  2 
drug-stores,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds.     P.  715. 

Republica  Argentina.    See  Argentine  Bspublic. 

Republican,  township,  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.     P.  1126. 

Republican  City,  a  village  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  1  mile 
S.W.  of  the  Republican  River,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Junc- 
tion City. 

Republican  City,  a  post-village  of  Harlan  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Republican  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Bloomington.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Republican  Urove,  a  po«t-hamlet  of  Halifax  co., 
Ya.,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Republican  River  rises  by  several  branches  in  the 
E.  part  of  Colorado,  and  runs  eastward  into  Nebraska.  It 
traverses  extensive  and  arid  plains,  almost  destitute  of 
forests,  in  the  southern  counties  of  Nebraska.  Its  general 
direction  is  nearly  eastward,  until  it  reaches  Ion.  98°  W., 
where  it  strikes  the  northern  boundary  of  Kansas  and 
enters  that  state.  It  runs  southward  through  Republican 
CO.,  southeastward  through  Clay  co.,  and  enters  the  Kanssts 
River  in  Geary  co.,  about  3  miles  below  Junction  City.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  560  miles. 

Repulse'  Bay,  Northern  Canada,  is  on  the  S.  side  of 
Melville  Peninsula,  in  lat.  66°  N.,  Ion.  86°  to  87°  W. 

Repulse  Bay,  Australia,  in  lat.  20°  36'  S.,  Ion.  148° 
40'  E.     At  its  mouth  are  Repulse  Islands. 

Re'qua,  a  post-office  and  Indian  village  of  Del  Norte 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Klamath 
River.     It  has  a  salmon-fishery. 

Requeiia,  rd,-k&n'y&  (anc.  Loretum  f),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  26  miles  W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  7709. 

Reriz,  ri-rees',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira 
Alta,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1035. 

Resaca,  re-sah'k^,  a  post-village  of  GKirdon  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Oostenaula  River,  and  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Dalton.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Resaca,  a  post-office  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Kinston, 

Resaca  de  la  Palma,  r&-s&'k&  d&  I&  p&l'm&,  a  noted 
battle-field  of  Cameron  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  route  from  Point 
Isabel  to  Brownsville,  about  4  miles  N,  of  Brownsville. 
Here,  on  the  9th  of  May,  1846,  the  Mexicans,  numbering 
upwards  of  6000,  under  General  Arista,  were  totally  de- 
feated by  about  2000  Americans. 

Res'cue,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  oo..  Neb.,  6  miles  S. 
of  North  Bend. 

Reserve,  re-zerv',  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Mississinewa  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Peru.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Reserve,  a  township  of  Parke  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1387. 

Reserve,  a  township  of  Ramsey  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  388. 

Reserve,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.B 
of  Buflalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reserve,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.    P.  1600. 

Reservoir,  rez'^r-voir,  a  station  of  the  New  York  A 
New  England  Railroad  (Woonsocket  Branch),  5^  miles 
S.W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Reservoir,  a  post-offioe  of  Meroer  oo.,  0.,  about  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Piqua. 

Reservoir,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  <k 
New  York  Railroad,  2i  miles  S.  of  Fox  Chase,  Pa. 

Reshd,  or  Resht,  rSsht,  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Ghilan,  between  two  small  rivers.  1 6  miles  S.E.  of  its 


RES 


2266 


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port,  Enzellee,  on  the  Caspian  Sea,  in  a  very  unhealthy 
situation.  It  imports  large  quantities  of  Russian  manu- 
factured goods  for  consumption  in  Ghilan,  and  exports 
Bilks,  fruits,  and  gall-nuts.     Pop.  20,000. 

Reshitza,  or  Rejitza^  Russia.    See  Rezhitsa. 

Reshtabad,  rdsh-t3,-b&d',  a  village  of  Persia,  on  the 
Sefeed  Rood,  15  miles  E.  of  Reshd. 

Resina^  ri-see'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  at  the  W.  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius, 
and  built  over  the  ruins  of  Herculaneum.     Pop.  12,175. 

Resinar^  r^-see-nas',  or  Rosinar,  ro-se-naR',  written 
also  Rossinar  (Qer.  Sl'ddterdorf,  st^t't^r-doRf^),  a  town 
of  Transylvania,  in  Saxonland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Hermannstadt.     Pop.  5569.     It  has  a  Greek  bishop. 

Resitza,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rezhitsa. 

Resolu'tion  Bay  is  on  the  W.  side  of  Tahuata,  one 
of  the  Marquesas  Islands. 

Resolu'tion  Island,  in  British  North  America,  is  at 
the  entrance  of  Hudson  Strait.  Lat.  61°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
65°  W.  Length  and  breadth,  nearly  40  miles  each.  On 
its  E.  side  is  Cape  Resolution. 

Resolution  Island)  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Dangerous 
Archipelago,  is  in  lat.  17°  22'  S.,  Ion.  141°  35'  W. 

Resolution  Island^  a  lagoon-island  in  Low  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  17°  25'  S.;  Ion.  143°  24'  W. 

Respa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Molfetta. 

Respitz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Roschitz. 

Ressant)  rSs^s&nt',  a  village  of  Morocco,  E.  of  Mount 
Atlas,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Tafilet. 

Rest)  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 

Rest)  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

^estigHY)  rfisHeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre- 
et-  .oire,  7  miles  N.  of  Chinon.     Pop.  2013. 

Restigouche,  rSsHe-goosh'  {i.e.,  "the  river  which 
divides  like  the  hand,"  in  allusion  to  its  five  principal 
streams  or  branches),  a  river  of  New  Brunswick,  forms 
the  N.  boundary  of  the  province,  separating  it  from 
Quebec.  Length,  225  miles  ;  area  of  drainage,  about  5000 
square  miles.  Its  five  leading  branches  vary  from  50  to  70 
miles  in  length,  and  are  known  by  the  names  of  Matapediac 
or  Musical  River,  Upsalquitch  or  Blanket  River,  Wetom- 
kegewiok  or  Large  River,  Mistouche  or  Little  River,  and 
Waagan  or  Knife  River.  The  entrance  to  the  Restigouche 
from  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  is  3  miles  wide  and  9  fathoms 
deep.  The  tide  flows  up  24  miles,  of  which  18  are  navi- 
gable for  the  largest  ships. 

Restigouche)  an  extensive  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs.  The 
surface  is  extremely  diversified  with  mountains  and  valleys, 
and  is  intersected  by  numerous  rivers.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  heavily  timbered.  Large  quantities  of  timber  are 
annually  exported  from  Dalhousie,  the  capital.  Area,  2889 
square  miles.     Pop.  5575. 

Restituta)  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zafra. 

Restora'tion  Island)  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  ofT  the 
E.  coast  of  Australia.  Lat.  12°  37'  30"  S.j  Ion.  143°  27' 
E.     It  is  a  granitic  rock. 

Restormel  CastlC)  England.    See  Lostwithiel. 

ResuttanO)  r^-soot-ti'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles 
N.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  4052. 

Reszow,  a  town  of  Galicia.     See  Rzeszow. 

Retchitsa)  or  Retschitza,  r^-chit's&  (Pol.  Rzeczyca, 
zhi-chit'si),  a  town  of  Russia,  158  miles  S.E.  of  Minsk,  on 
the  Dnieper.     Pop.  4247.    See  also  Rezhitsa. 

Retchmund)  a  town  of  France.    See  RouaEUONT. 

Retchnoi)  ritch-noi',  a  cape  of  Siberia,  on  the  E.  coast, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Anadeer.  Lat.  68°  48'  44"  N. ;  Ion. 
176°  45'  50"  E. 

RetemO)  a  town  of  Crete.    See  Retiuo. 

Ret'ford)  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Notts,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  on  the  Idle,  opposite  West  Retford,  18  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Newark.  It  has  a  handsome  Gothic  church,  a 
free  grammar-school,  a  poor's  hospital,  union  workhouse, 
town  hall,  news-rooms,  two  branch  banks,  and  a  small  thea- 
tre. The  borough  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop. 
(1891)  10,603. 

Rcthel)  r^h^t^l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the 
Aisne,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  M^zidres.  Pop.  7364.  It 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  merinoes,  cashmeres,  and 
other  woollen  goods,  machinery,  Ac. 

RetheloiS)  or  RethelaiS)  r^hH^hM^',  an  ancient  dis- 
trict of  France,  belonged  to  the  province  of  Champagne, 
and  now  forms  the  S.W.  part  of  the  department  of  Ar- 
dennes.    Rethel  was  its  capital. 

Retheni)  ri't^m,  a  village  of  Prussia,  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Hanover,  on  the  AUer.     Pop.  1347. 

RethV)  ri-ti'  or  riHee',  or  Rethy- Warbeeck,  ri-ti'- 


^aR'baik',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Antwerp,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Turnhout.     Pop.  2700. 

RetimO)  or  RetemO)  ri-tee'mo  (anc.  Rithym'nu),  a 
seaport  town  of  Crete,  on  its  N.  coast,  38  miles  W.  of  Can- 
dia.  Pop.  3000,  mostly  Turks.  Its  bazaars,  streets,  and 
fort  have  wholly  a  Turkish  appearance. 

RetournaC)  r§h-tooR^nik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Loire.     Pop.  1056. 

ReUreat')  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  &,  Indianapolis  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of 
Louisville,  Ky. 

Retreat)  a  post-hamlet  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Courtney  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  mill. 

Retreat,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  about  50 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Danville. 

Retreat)  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  15  milea 
N.E.  of  Lansing,  Iowa. 

Retreat)  a  town  of  Jamaica,  on  the  N.  coast,  10  mile? 
E.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  4014. 

Retschitza,  Russia.     See  Retchitsa  and  Rezhitsa. 

Retz,  rSts,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  Brittany,  now 
comprised  in  the  department  of  Loire-Inf6rieure. 

RetZ)  rits,  or  RdtS)  rots,  a  town  of  Austria,  43  miles 
N.E.  of  Vienna,  near  Moravia.     Pop.  2744. 

Retza)  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Rotz. 

Reu,  a  town  of  France.     See  Riez. 

Reuben,  ru'b^n,  a  tribe  of  Israelites,  who  took  their 
portion  of  the  promised  land  E.  of  the  Jordan,  between 
Ammon  on  the  S.  and  the  tribe  of  Gad  on  the  N.,  and 
having  the  desert  on  the  E. 

Reugny)  rim^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et 
Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1212. 

ReuillY)  ruh^yee'  or  ruPyee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Indre,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Issoudun.    Pop.  1640. 

R^unioU)  re-yGn'yun,  formerly  BonrboU)  boor'bon 
(Fr.  Re  de  la  RSunion,  eel  d^h  I&  ri'ii*ne-6N»'),  an  ifland  in 
the  Mascarene  group,  Indian  Ocean,  forming  a  French  col- 
ony. Lat.  20°  61'  S. ;  Ion.  55°  30'  E.  Area,  970  square  miles 
Pop.  165,915,  including  Indians,  Chinese,  negroes,  and  mixed 
races.  The  island  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  is  traversed 
from  N.  to  S.  by  a  chain  of  mountains  which  divides  it  into 
two  portions,  viz.,  on  the  E.,  partie  du  vent  (windward),  and 
on  the  W.,  partie  sous  le  vent  (leeward).  The  chief  summits 
are  the  Piton  des  Neiges,  an  extinct  volcano,  10,100  feet 
high,-  Grand  Bernard,  9500  feet;  Cimandef,  7300  feet;  and 
Piton  de  la  Fournaise,  an  active  volcano,  7218  feet.  There 
are  no  extensive  plains,  but  the  mountains  are  separated  by 
narrow  valleys ;  it  is  watered  by  numerous  streams,  all  of 
which  are  rapid  and  none  navigable.  The  climate,  formerly 
very  salubrious,  has  undergone  a  great  change,  and  is  very 
unhealthy  for  Europeans.  Capital,  Saint-Denis.  Reunion 
has  no  natural  port,  and  its  anchorages  are  insecure.  The 
soil  is  fertile  near  the  coast.  The  products  are  sugar,  cof- 
fee, cloves,  maize,  rice,  and  tobacco.  The  corn  raised  is 
insufficient  for  consumption,  and  is  used  only  by  Europeans, 
manioc  being  the  chief  food  of  others.  Principal  exports, 
sugar,  coflfee,  cloves,  dye-woods,  and  saltpetre;  imports, 
wheat,  oil,  wine,  cattle,  timber,  salt,  glass,  and  manufac- 
tured goods.  The  island  was  discovered  in  1545  by  the 
Portuguese,  who  called  the  group  Mascarenhas. 

RenS)  ri'ooce,  a  manufacturing  town  of  Spain,  prov 
inoe  and  9  miles  W.  of  Tarragona.  Pop.  28,171.  It  con- 
sists of  an  older  portion,  founded  in  the  twelfth  century,  and 
a  regularly  built  quarter,  which  rose  up  about  the  end  of 
the  last  century.  It  has  good  inns  and  coffee-houses,  nu- 
merous churches,  hospitals,  barracks,  a  theatre,  and  manu- 
factures of  silk,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics  and  twist,  soap, 
leather,  glass,  spirits,  Ac.  A  canal  connects  it  with  its 
port.  Salon,  5  miles  distant. 

Reusch)  roish,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two  contiguous 
towns  of  Moravia,  17  miles  S.  of  Iglau.    United  pop.  1400 

ReusS)  roice,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Uri, 
rises  N.W.  of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  and  enters  the  Lake  of 
Lucerne  after  a  N.  course  of  30  miles,  during  which  it  de- 
scends 4600  feet. 

ReusS)  ruoe  (Ger.  pron.  roice  or  roiss),  two  principalities 
of  the  German  Empire,  somewhat  intermingled  with  other 
territories,  but  lying  between  Saxony,  Bavaria,  and  the  Saxon 
duchies,  and  belonging  to  an  older  and  a  younger  line  of 
princes.  The  territory  of  the  older  line,  usually  called  the 
principality  of  Reuss-Greitz,  has  an  area  of  122  square 
miles.  The  territories  of  the  younger  line  form  the  princi- 
pality of  Reuss-Schleitz,  having  an  area  of  220  square 
miles.  These  territories  are,  on  the  whole,  fertile  and  well 
wooded.  The  most  important  crops  are  potatoes  and  flax; 
hops  also  are  considerably  grown;  great  numbers  of  cattle 
and  sheep  are  reared.     They  possess  among  their  minerals 


I 


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2267 


REZ 


iron,  which  is  partially  worked,  and  roofing-slates,  which 
are  ostonsively  quarried.  The  two  principalities,  though 
belonj^iug  to  two  different  branches,  rank  only  as  one  state. 
Both  lines,  as  well  as  the  great  majority  of  their  subjects, 
are  Protestants.  Pop.  (1890)  of  Ileuss-Greite,  62,764;  of 
Reuss-SchleiU,  119,811. 

lieuss,  Ascension  parish.  La.     See  Hohbh  Solus. 

Iteiissendorfj   rois's^n-doRP,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
^^^»vuriuiiont  and  S.W.  of  Broslau.     Pop.  3370. 
^^■Reuss-Greitz  and  Reuss-Schleitz.    See  Rkdss. 
^KBeutliiigen,  roit'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Esohatz,  20  miles  S.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  16,246.   It  has 
several  churches  (one  with  a  tower  320  feet  high),  a  town 
hall,  a  well-endowed  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  man- 
ufactures of  leather,  lace,  paper,  clocks,  and  watches. 
^^JJeveille,  rSv-^l-ee',  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 
^BSevel)  r^h-vdl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne, 
^Hmiles  E.S.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  3782.     It'  has  manufao- 
^sures  of  linen,  leather,  hosiery,  pottery,  liqueurs,  and  oil. 

Revel,  rflv'91,  or  Reval,  rfiv'il  (Russ.  Kolyvan,  ko-le- 
v&n' ;  Esthonian,    Talline,  t&l'Ie-n&),  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  capital  of  Esthonia,  on  a  small  bay  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Gulf  of  Finland,  200  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  St.  Peters- 
burg.    Lat.  of  cathedral,  SQ"  26"  N. ;  Ion.  24°  45'  E.  Pop. 
60,488.     The  city  proper,  enclosed  by   ancient   bastioned 
walls  and  defended  oy  a  strong  castle  on  a  height,  is  irregu- 
larly built  and  small;    but  the  suburbs  extend   for  some 
•   distance.     The  principal  edifices  are  an  iiupisrial  palace,  the 
admiralty,  a  town  hall,  churches,  a  theatre,  club-houses,  a 
gymnasium,  an  episcopal  seminary,  &c.   Revel  has  numerous 
schools,  and  3  or  4  puolio  libraries ;  and  it  is  much  resorted 
to  as  a  watering-place.     The  harbor  has  been  materially 
improved,  and  its  roadstead  is  well  sheltered.    Large  quan- 
tities of  corn,  spirits,  hemp,  flax,  timber,  and  other  Baltio 
goods  are  exported,  in  excnange  for  colonial  produce,  salt, 
cheese,    wine,  tobacco,    fruits,   herrings,  dye-stuffs,  cotton 
yarn,  and  other  manufactured  goods.     The  town  and  castle 
^^ue  founded  by  Waldemar  II.  of  Denmark  in  1218.     The 
^Hjuians  took  it  from  the  Swedes  in  1710. 
^^Kevello,  r&-vdrio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
^B  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  6339. 
^^Bevere,  r&-v&'r&,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  17  miles  E.S.E. 
^W^Mantua,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4043. 

Revere,  re-veer',  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Massachusetts  Bay,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  East  Boston  Branch,  and  on  the  Boston,  Revere 
Beach  k  Lynn  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Boston.  Here  are 
several  hotels  on  Revere  Beach,  which  is  frequented  by 
citizens  of  Boston  on  holidays.  Revere  Post-Office  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.  It  is  on  the  street  railroad 
from  Boston  to  Lynn.     Pop.  of  Revere  township,  2263. 

Revere  House,  a  station  and  seaside  resort  in  Suffolk 
00.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  A  Lynn  Railroad, 
6}  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

Reves,  ri'vfls,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  IJainaut,  on  the 
Rampe,  25  miles  E.  of  Mens.     Pop.  1418. 

Revigny,  r§h-veen^yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Meuse,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bar-le-Duo.     Pop.  1140. 

Revilgunge,  or  Revelgaiy,  India.    See  Godna. 

Re  villa-  Gigedo,  ri-veel'y8.-He-HA'do,  a  rocky  island- 
group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  the  state  of  Colima, 
Mexico,  hit.  19°  N.,  Ion.  110°  W.,  and  consisting  of  the 
mountain-island  of  Socorro,  24  miles  long  and  9  miles  broad, 
with  some  islets.     They  are  not  inhabited. 

Revilla-Gigedo,  r&-veery&-Be-H&'D0,  an  island  of 
Alaska,  between  lat.  55°  and  66°  N.,  Ion.  131°  W.  Length, 
^0  miles;  breadth,  26  miles. 

Revin,  r^h-vis"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on 
the  Mouse,  6  miles  B.  of  Rocroy.  Pop.  3383.  It  has  tan- 
neries, iron-foundries,  and  forges. 

Rewah,  ri'w&,  or  Baghulcund,  b&-gool-ktlnd',  a 
state  of  Central  India,  mostly  between  lat.  24°  and  42°  30' 
N.  and  Ion.  81°  and  82°  E.  Area,  10,310  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,360,000.     The  principal  town  is  Rewah. 

Rewah,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  70  miles  S.W. 
of  Allahabad.  It  has  a  large  stone  fort  and  extensive 
suburbs.     Lat.  24°  .34' N.;  Ion.  81°  19' E.     Pop.  7000. 

Rewakanta,  r&'w&-k&n't&,  also  written  Re'wa 
Caun'ta,  a  division  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  consisting  of  7 
larger  and  several  minor  native  states,  known  as  "Rewa- 
kanU  states."  Lat.  21°  23'-23°  33'  N.;  Ion.  73*  3' -74° 
18'  E.  Total  area,  4593  square  miles.  Pop.  505,732.  They 
Ke  all  tributaries  to  Indore,  to  Baroda,  or  to  the  British. 

Rex'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Esses  co.,  Va.,  28  miles  E. 
of  Milford  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rex'ford  Flats,  a  post- village  in  Clifton  Park  town- 
ship, Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the 


Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Troy.  The  canal  here  crosses  the  river  on  a  stone 
aqueduct.     It  has  a  church. 

Rex'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  00.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
N.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store. 

Rexville,  a  poRt-villago  of  Steuben  00.,  N.Y.,  in  AVest 
Union  township,  48  miles  W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rcyboid,  ri'bSld,  a  station  in  New  Castle  00.,  Del.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  k  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Delaware  City. 

Reyden,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Rbiden. 

Reyes,  ri'yds,  or  Chinchacocha,  oheen-ch&-ko'ch&, 
a  lake  of  Peru,  forming  one  of  the  principal  sources  of  the 
Amazon,  is  situated  in  lat.  10°  25'  S.,  Ion.  75°  40'  W. 

RcyKJavik,  a  town  of  Iceland.     See  Reikiavik. 

Reyuale's  (ri'nalz)  Basin,  a  post-village  in  Royalton 
township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Brie  Canal,  and  on  th« 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  9  miles  E.N.B.  of  Look- 
port.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  2  stores. 

Reynet,  South  Africa.     See  Graaf-Rbtnbt. 

Reynold's,  rdn'^lz,  a  county  in  the  S.B.  part  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  also  drained  by  Logan's 
Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  Maize,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples. 
Capital,  Centreville,  on  the  Big  Black  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3766;  in  1880,  6722;  in  1890,  6803. 

Reynolds,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Flint  River,  and  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  42  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Macon. 

Reynolds,  a  township  of  Lee  00.,  III.     Pop.  742. 

Reynolds,  a  post- village  of  Rock  Island  00.,  111.,  in 
Edgington  township,  on  the  Rock  Island  &,  Mercer  County 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  several 
stores. 

Reynolds,  a  post-village  in  Honey  Creek  township, 
White  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Logansport 
with  Watseka,  23  miles  N.  of  Lafayette,  and  27  miles  W. 
of  Logansport.  It  bos  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Reynolds,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1271. 

Reynolds,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  391. 

Reynolds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  00.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Little  Schuylkill  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Tamaqua.  It  has 
a  church. 

Reynolds,  a  station  in  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville &  Decatur  Railroad,  71  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Reynolds,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational &,  Groat  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Palestine. 

Reynolds  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thomaston  town 
ship,  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad, 
about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  cutlery  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Reynoldsburg,  rin'olz-burg,  a  post-office  of  Johnson 
CO.,  III.,  about  42  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Reynoldsburg,  a  post-village  in  Truro  township, 
Franklin  00.,  0.,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  and  about 
2  miles  S.  of  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with 
Newark.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  several  general 
stores,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  457. 

Reynolds  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Moreau  township, 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  of  Gansevoort  Station,  it 
has  a  church. 

Reynolds  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Reynoldson,  rdn'^l-s^n,  a  post-hamlet  and  township 
of  Gates  co.,  N.C.,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     P.  988. 

Reynolds  Store,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va. 

Reynoldsville,  rdn'^lz-vll,  a  pust-hamlet  of  Bath  00., 
Ey.,  6  miles  W.  of  Owingsville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Reynoldsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Watkins,  and  about  26 
miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Reynoldsville,  a  post-borough  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa., 
in  Winslow  township,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad 
(Low  Grade  division),  and  on  a  branch  of  Red  Bank  Creek, 
15  miles  E.  of  Brookville,  and  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
several  churches,  5  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  3  brick-yards,  a  grist-mill,  and  several 
collieries.     Pop.  in  1  Si)0.  2789. 

Reynosa,  r!l-no'B%,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Rezat,  rdt's&t,  two  small  streams  of  Bavaria,  affluents 
of  the  Rcdnitz,  which  give  name  to  the  circle  of  Rozat,  of 
Middle  Fran^onia. 


REZ 


2268 


RHI 


tlez6f  r^h-zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- InfSrieure, 
near  the  Loire,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2184. 

Rezende,  ri-z5n'dA,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira 
Alta,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  3152. 

RezendC)  ri^-xin'dk,  a  town  of  Brazil,  92  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  5000. 

Rezhitsa^  orRejitsa^  rd,-zhit's&  or  ri-zlieet's&,  writ- 
ten also  Reshitza  and  Resitza^  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  14.5  miles  N.W.  of  Vitebsk.  Pop.  8951.  See 
Retchitsa. 

Rezzato,  rSt-si'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Brescia.     Pop.  1995. 

Rezzo,  rSt'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Porto 
Maurizio,  on  the  Chiusa.     Pop.  1184. 

Rha,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Yolqa. 

Rhadames,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Ghadaues. 

Rhaedestum,  or  Rhaedestus.    See  Roiwsto. 

Rhsetia,  an  ancient  name  of  Tyrol  and  Grisoms. 

Rha'ges,  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  the  remains  of  which 
are  a  little  S.  of  Teheran. 

Rhaimatpur,  India.    See  REHMnTPOOB. 

Rhain,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Rain. 

Rhan,  a  town  of  India.    See  Rahook. 

Rhayadar,  hri'a-dar,  written  also  Rhayader  and 
Rhaydr,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Radnor,  on  the  Wye, 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Radnor.  Pop.  976.  It  contributes 
in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Rh6,  an  island  of  France.     See  Rfi. 

Rhea,  rk,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  or 
hilly.  This  county  comprises  a  part  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  or  Table-Land.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bitu- 
minous coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  here.  Capital,  Dayton. 
Rhea  has  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  and  other  deciduous  trees. 
It  is  traversed  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  a  branch  of  the  Queen 
A  Crescent  Route.  Pop.  in  1870,  5538;  in  1880,  7073; 
in  1890,  12,647. 

Rhea's  (raz)  mills ^  post-office,  Washington  oo.,  Ark. 

Rhea's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  McKinney. 

Rhea  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 
Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  about  60  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Chattanooga,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Tennessee 
River.     It  has  3  churches,  a  hotel,  and  mineral  springs. 

Rheatown,  ra'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo., 
Tenn.,  1  mile  from  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
Railroad,  and  48  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  4  stores,  and  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments and  leather.     Pop.  about  400. 

Rheda,  tk'dk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  2745. 

Rheems,  reemz,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Rheenen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Rhenen. 

Rhegium,  an  ancient  name  of  Regoio. 

Rheidt,  Rheid,  Rheydt,  or  Rheyd,  ritt,  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
logne, at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Niers.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  linen,  silk,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and 
leather.     Pop.  15,835. 

Rheims,  a  city  of  France.    See  Reims. 

Rheims,  reemz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Urbana  township,  near  Lake  Keuka,  2  miles  by  rail  from 
Hammondsport.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  wine. 

Rhein,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Rhine,  and  Rbin. 

Rhein,  rine,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  51  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Gumbinnen,  on  Lake  Rhein.     Pop.  2340. 

Rheinan,  ri'nSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Zurich,  on  the  Rhine,  4  miles  S.  of  Schaffhausen.     P.  1278. 

Rheinberg,  rin'bSRO,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2661. 

Rheine,  or  Rheina,  ri'n^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Ems. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  machinery.     Pop.  4132. 

Rheineck,  or  Rheinegg,  ri'nSk,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Rhine,  near  the  Lake  of 
(  onstance.     Pop.  1401. 

Rheinfelden,  rin'ffild^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Aargau,  10  miles  E.  of  Basel.  Pop.  2078.  Near  it  is 
the  ruined  castle  of  Stein,  on  an  island  in  the  river  Rhine. 

Rheiufels,  rin'ffils  (t.«.,  "  Rhine  rock"),  a  ruined  for- 
tress of  Prussia,  on  an  island  in  the  Rhine,  near  Sanct  Goar. 

Rheingau,  rin'g5w  {i.e.,  "Rhine  country"),  a  valley 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  between  the  Rhine  and  Mount  Taunus. 
The  chief  town  is  Elfeld. 


Rheingold,  rin'gold,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Rhein-Hessen,  rin'hes^s^n,  or  Rhenish  Hesse, 
rin'ish  h4ss,  the  westernmost  province  of  Hesse,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Rhine.    Area,  530  square  miles.     Pop.  260,012. 

Rheinmagen,  rin'mi'gh^n,  or  Remagen,  ri'mi^- 
ghen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Cob- 
lentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2065. 

Rheinsberg,  rins'bflRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 48  miles  N.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  a  royal  castle  with 
a  vast  park.     Pop.  2080. 

Rheinthal,  rin't&l  {i.e.,  the  "valley  of  the  Rhine"),  a 
district  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schwytz.  Pop.  of  Ober 
Rheinthal,  16,327 ;  of  Unter-Rheinthal,  13,137. 

Rheinzabern,  rm^ts&'b^rn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Erlbach,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1977. 

Rhenen,  or  Rheenen,  ri'n?n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Utrefht,  on  the  Rhine,  9  miles  E.  of  Wyk-bei- 
Duurstede.  It  has  a  Gothic  church,  and  an  active  trade  in 
tobacco.     Pop.  4089. 

Rhenish  Bavaria,  or  Palatinate.    See  Bavaria. 

Rhen'ish  Prussia,  or  the  Rhine  Province,  a 
province  of  Prussia,  embracing  the  portion  of  the  Palati- 
nate of  the  Rhine  which  belongs  to  Prussia.  Area,  10,415 
square  miles.  Pop.  3,804,381.  See  Palatinate,  and 
Prussia. 

Rhenus.    See  Reno,  and  Rhine. 

Rhin,  Rhyn,  rin,  or  Rhein,  rin,  a  river  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  joins  the  Havel  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bran- 
denburg, after  a  S.W.  course  of  60  miles. 

Rhine,  rin  (Ger.  Rhexn  ;  Dutch,  Rhyn ;  both  pronounced 
as  the  English  Rhine  ;  Fr.  Rhin,  rftn* ;  Sp.  Rin,  reen ;  It. 
Reno,  ri'no;  anc.  Rhe'nue),  a  river  of  Europe,  formed  in 
Switzerland  by  the  union  of  two  small  streams,  the  Hinter 
and  Vorder  Rhein.  The  first  springs  from  the  glacier  of 
Rheinwald,  and  the  second  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  Mount 
St.  Gothard,  at  a  height  of  7650  feet;  these  meet  at  Reich- 
enau,  in  the  canton  of  Grisons.  The  united  stream  flows 
generally  N.  past  Mayenfeld,  and  enters  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance on  the  S.E.,  near  Rheineck ;  at  Stein  it  quits  the 
lake,  flowing  W.  past  SchaflFhausen  and  Lauffenburg,  sepa- 
rating Switzerland  from  Bavaria.  At  Basel,  where  the  Upper 
Rhine  terminates,  it  turns  to  the  N.,  and  flows  past  Breisach 
and  Strasburg,  Speyer  and  Mannheim,  between  the  terri- 
tories of  Baden  on  the  E.  and  Alsace  and  Rhenish  Bavaria 
on  the  W.  At  Mentz  it  receives  the  Main,  and  flows  W. 
to  Bingen,  where  it  turns  to  the  N.W.,  passing  Coblentz, 
Bonn,  Cologne,  Dusseldorf,  Wesel,  and  Emmerich,  below 
which  it  divides  into  two  principal  arms,  the  larger  of 
which,  the  Waal,  joins  the  Mouse  (or  Maas).  The  other, 
which  retains  the  nmne  of  Rhine,  falls  into  the  North  Sea 
at  Katwyk-aan-Zee,  in  the  Netherlands.  The  principal 
affluents  are,'on  the  right,  the  Einzig,  Neckar,  Main,  Lahn, 
Ruhr,  and  Lippe;  and  on  the  left,  the  Thur,  Aar,  111,  and 
Moselle.  The  total  length  of  the  Rhine,  following  its  wind- 
ings, is  about  960  miles,  and  its  basin  comprises  an  area  of 
65,280  square  miles.  The  Rhine  abounds  with  fish,  including 
salmon  and  salmon-trout,  but  more  especially  sturgeon, 
lampreys,  pike,  and  carp.  Wild  fowl  also  abound  on  its 
banks  and  countless  islands. 

The  Rhine  first  becomes  navigable  at  Chur,  in  the  Gri- 
sons, but  the  navigation  is  not  continuous  till  below  Schaff- 
hausen. In  the  Netherlands  it  is  connected  by  canals  with 
its  several  branches  and  with  the  sea.  The  great  North 
Canal  unites  it  with  the  Meuse  and  the  N^the,  affluents  of 
the  Scheldt,  and  the  Canal  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine  in 
France  connects  it  with  the  Rhone  by  the  Sadne.  A  canal 
also  connects  it  with  the  Seine.  In  Bavaria  it  communi- 
cates with  the  Danube  by  means  of  the  Main  and  the 
Altmiihl  &  Ludwigs  Canal.  The  navigation  is  rendered 
dangerous  by  waterfalls,  especially  those  of  Schaff'hausen, 
Zurzaoh,  Lauffenburg,  and  Rheinfelden ;  also  by  the  Binger- 
loch,  near  Bingen,  where  the  stream  becomes  suddenly  nar- 
rowed and  confined  between  lofty  precipices. 

The  Rhine  is  distinguished  alike  by  the  beauty  of  its 
scenery  and  the  rich  fields  and  vineyards  which  clothe  its 
banks.  No  river  in  Germany  attracts  so  many  tourists. 
On  the  river  itself  much  additional  variety  and  beauty  are 
given  to  the  scenery  by  the  recurrence  of  picturesque  and 
verdant  islands  and  of  ruined  castles. Adj.  Rhen'ish. 

Rhine,  rin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rhine  township,  Sheboy 
gan  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  River,  about  21  mi>es  S.W. 
of  Manitowoc.  It  has  a  monument  to  soldiers  who  fell  in 
the  civil  war.  The  township  has  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese  and  wagons.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1569. 

Rhinebeck,  rin'bek,  a  post-village  in  Rhinebeck  town- 
ship, Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson  River, 
and  15  miles  N.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  contains  6  churches, 


RHI 


2269 


EHO 


E. 


national  bank,  the  De  Garino  Institute,  a  newspaper 
ce,  and  manufactures  of  sewing-machines  and  carriages, 
op.  in  1S90,  1649.  Rhinebeok  Station  on  the  Hudson 
liver  Railroad  is  at  Rhineoliff. 

Khineclifff  rin'klif,  a  post-Tillage  of  Dutchess  co., 
•T.,  on  the  £.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  15  miles  above 
'ongbkeepsie.  Steam  ferries  connect  it  with  Rondout  and 
'ingston.  Rhineclifif  is  the  terminus  of  the  Rhinebeck 
&  Connecticut  Railroad.  Pop.  about  600. 
Rhinelander«  rin'I&n-der,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  capital 
Oneida  co.,  at  the  intersection  of  important  railway  lines, 
4  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  113  miles  S.E.  of 
shland.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  high  and  graded 
hools,  manufactures  of  lumber  products,  and  3  newspaper 
Ices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2658. 

Rhine  Province,  Prussia.  Se«  RHBiasH  Pbussia. 
Rhinns  (rlnz),  Rhyns,  or  Rinns  of  Gal'loway 
Ghersone'aua  Novan'tum),  a  peninsula  of  the  S.W. 
>ast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  mostly  separated  from 
»  rest  of  the  county  by  Looh  Ryan  and  Luce  Bay. 
ngth,  28  miles;  breadth,  from  2  to  5  miles.  Area,  116 
uare  miles. 

Rhinocolura,  the  ancient  name  of  El-Arbesh. 

Rhio,  Rio,  ree'o,  or  Riouw,  re-5w^',  a  province  of 

;he  Dutch  possessions  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  comprises 

the  Rhio  Archipelago  and  Lingen  Island.     It  is  bounded 

,on  the  N.  by  the  Straits  of  Singapore  and  Malacca,  and  on 

e  E.  by  the  China  Sea.     Pop.  63,540.    ' 

Rhio,  Rio,  or  Riouw,  an  island  group  of  the  Malay 

Archipelago,  in  the  Dutch  possessions,  lying  chiefly  S.  and 

E.  of  Singapore.     The  chief  island  is  Bingtang,  sometimes 

'  o  called  Rhio,  besides  which  the  group  includes  Galang, 

mpang,  and  Battam,  and  numerous  smaller  islands. 

Rhio,  Rio,  or  Riouw,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Malay 

chipelago,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Singapore,  on  the  small  islet 

Rhio  or  Poolo  Pinang,  which  lies  in  an  indentation  on  the 

side  of  Bingtang.     It  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  has  the 

governor's  house,  a  stone  church,  and  a  school.     Its  haven 

Sacious  and  well  frequented. 
hiwabon,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Ruabon. 

Rho,  or  Ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milan, 
'op.  2000. 

Rhoadesville,  rddz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co., 

a.,  on  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad. 

has  2  stores  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rho^a*  or  Rhodope.    See  Rosas. 

Rhodanus,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Rhone. 

Rhodda,  rod'di,  or  Rodda,  an  island  of  Egypt,  in 
the  Nile,  immediately  opposite  Cairo,  2  miles  in  length.    It 
contains  the  Khedive's  gardens,  pleasure-grounds,  a  powder- 
Agazine,  and  the  famous  ancient  Nilcmeter. 

Rhode  Hall,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles 

m  Jamesburg. 

Rhode  Island,  rod  i'land,  one  of  the  New  England 
tes,  and  one  of  the  original  thirteen  members  of  the  Amer- 

n  Union,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Massachusetts,  S. 
the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Connecticut.  Its  coast-line  is 
ieeply  indented  by  Narragansett  Bay,  which  receives  the 
estuaries  of  the  Taunton  and  Providence  Rivers.  Within 
the  bay  lie  Aquidneck  or  Rhode  Island  (which  gives  name 
to  the  state),  Canonicut,  Prudence,  Patience,  Hope,  Perry, 
Dutch,  and  other  islands ;  and  off  the  coast  lies  Block 
Island,  which  constitutes  the  town  of  New  Shoreham.  The 
total  area  of  the  state  is  1250  square  miles,  of  which  1085 
square  miles  constitutes  the  land  and  165  the  water  area; 
and  it  is  therefore  the  smallest  state  in  the  Union. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  country  is  very  generally 
rough,  hilly,  and  stony,  especially  in  the  N.W. ;  but  to- 
wards the  sea-shore  there  are  some  level  pine  plains  and 
cedar  swamps.  Strictly  speaking,  there  are  no  mountains 
in  the  state.  The  island  of  Aquidneck  is  for  the  most  part 
very  fertile,  and  has  been  called  "  the  Eden  of  America." 
Block  Island  is  also  very  productive. 

Rivera,  &c. — The  so-called  Providence  River  is  an  arm 
of  Narragansett  Bay,  and  is  also  an  estuary  for  the  waters 
the  Blackstone,  Pawtuoket,  or  Seekonk  River,  which  is 

vigable  to  Pawtucket,  large  vessels  coming  up  to  Provi- 
dence, where  the  Woonasqua tucket  and  Mooshassuck  dis- 
flharge  their  waters.  Mount  Hope  Bay  is  the  eastern  arm 
of  the  Narragansett,  and  the  estuary  of  the  Taunton  River. 
The  Pawtuxet,  Pawcatuck,  Wood,  and  nearly  all  the  other 
rivers  afford  water-power,  which  is  extensively  utilized. 

Geology,  Minerale,  &c. — The  great  part  of  the  state  is 
underlaid  by  Laurentian  or  eozoio  rooks ;  but  the  island 
tf  Aquidneck,  and  a  strip  reaching  northward  and  north- 
eastward far  into  Massachusetts,  are  of  carboniferous  age, 
aad  in  the  extreme  N.  there  is  a  small  area  doubtfully  re- 


i 


ferred  to  the  Devonian.  The  limits  of  the  carboniferous 
are  hard  to  determine,  for  they  are  very  generally  buried 
deeply  in  the  drift.  There  are  thick  local  developments  of 
the  coal,  which  is  a  very  hard  and  much  metamorphosed 
anthracite  or  semi-graphite.  At  Cumberland  it  has  been 
found  to  be  from  15  to  23  feet  thick  ;  at  Valley  Falls,  6  to 
9  feet ;  at  Providence,  10  feet ;  and  on  the  island  of  Aquid- 
neck, from  2  to  20  feet ;  but  the  coal  is  difiScult  to  burn,  and 
the  beds  are  irregular  and  unreliable.  This  coal  has  been 
mined  at  Portsmouth,  Cumberland,  and  Valley  Falls.  At 
present  its  chief  employment  is  as  a  facing  material  for 
iron-moulders'  use,  and  as  a  fuel  in  copper-smelting.  For 
these  purposes  it  is  highly  prized.  At  Westerly  there  are 
extensive  granite-quarries.  At  Lime  Rock  lime  is  quarried 
and  burned.  Rhode  Island  is  an  interesting  field  for  the 
scientific  mineralogist.  Iron  ores  have  been  found  at  sev- 
eral points,  and  some  ores  of  copper,  with  small  amounts 
of  native  copper.  On  the  islands  are  highly  metamorphio 
slates  or  shales. 

Objecte  of  Interest  to  Touriata, — Newport,  Rocky  Point, 
AVickford,  Narragansett  Pier,  Vue  de  I'Eau,  Nayatt,  Watch 
Hill,  and  Block  Island  are  favorite  places  of  summer  resort. 
At  Kingston  are  the  remains  of  an  aboriginal  stone  fort, 
and  scanty  relics  of  Indian  earthworks  remain  near  Wor- 
den's  Pond,  on  the  site  of  the  "  great  swamp  fight"  of  1676, 
when  the  Narragansett  tribe  was  destroyed.  At  Newport 
stands  the  "  old  mill,"  a  stone  tower,  concerning  the  origin 
of  which  there  has  been  much  dispute. 

Agriculture. — The  soil  of  Aquidneck  Island  is  mostly  ex- 
cellent, and  its  butter  is  in  high  repute.  Before  the  Revolu- 
tion the  island  had  a  famous  breed  of  pacing  horses,  which 
were  largely  exported  to  the  West  Indies.  The  large  num- 
ber of  manufacturing  towns  has  rendered  market  gardening, 
dairying,  and  milk-farming  profitable  employments.  Most 
of  the  soil  is  better  adapted  for  grazing  than  for  tillage. 
Oats,  maize,  potatoes^  and  hay  are  the  leading  farm  crops. 

Maritime  Purtuita. — Providence  had  once  a  great  West 
India  and  China  trade,  and  Newport  was  in  colonial  times 
a  seat  of  the  African  slave-trade.  But  for  many  years  the 
foreign  commerce  of  the  state  has  been  comparatively  un- 
important, and  in  its  stead  has  grown  up  a  heavy  coasting 
business.  Providence  receives  great  amounts  of  coal  and 
cotton  for  the  neighboring  states,  as  well  as  for  the  home 
supply,  and  ships  heavily  the  manufactured  goods  of 
New  England.  Much  merchandise  is  landed  and  shipped 
here  for  the  Boston  trade.  Providence,  Newport,  Bristol, 
and  Warren  have  good  harbors.  The  fisheries  employ  a 
large  number  of  vessels  of  light  tonnage,  chiefly  in  taking 
fresh  fish  (cod,  haddock,  blue-fish,  <fcc.)  for  the  New  York 
market.  The  scup,  or  porgy,  is  largely  taken  in  Narragan- 
sett Bay,  as  well  as  the  shad  and  alewife,  or  river-herring. 
Menhaden  are  extensively  caught  for  making  oil  and  fish 
guano.  The  clams  of  Narragansett  Bay  are  renowned ;  and 
in  Providence  River  oyster-planting  is  an  important  pursuit. 
The  dried  codfish  of  Block  Island  is  in  high  repute. 

Manufacturea  constitute  by  far  the  leading  industrial 
pursuits  of  Rhode  Island.  Providence  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  machinery,  steam-engines,  screws,  nails,  jewelry, 
silver-  and  plated-wares,  cigars,  furniture,  wire  goods^  tor- 
toise-shell goods,  cottons,  woollens,  stoves,  prints,  small 
wares,  and  chemicals,  and  is  the  leading  market  for  print- 
cloths  in  the  United  States.  Pawtucket  has  equally  varied 
industries,  and  the  whole  region  is  thickly  dotted  with 
manufacturing  villages ;  so  that  this  state,  so  small  in  area, 
ranks  among  the  first  in  the  value  of  her  manufactured 
products.  In  the  printing  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods 
she  excels  all  the  other  states. 

Railroada. — In  1850  the  railroads  measured  68  miles;  in 
1860,  108  miles;  in  1870,  136  miles;  in  1875,  179  miles;  in 
1880  and  1885,  210  miles,  and  in  1890,  224  miles. 

The  Countiea  are  Bristol,  Kent,  Providence,  Newport,  and 
Washington. 

The  principal  cities  and  toiona  are  Providence,  one  of  the 
state  capitals,  and  the  second  city  in  size  in  New  England 
(pop.  in  1890,  132,146),  Pawtucket  (27,663),  Newport,  the 
other  state  capital  (19,457),  and  Woonsocket  (20,830).  The 
other  leading  places  are  large  townships,  and  in  some  in- 
stances embrace  many  villages.  Such  are  Lincoln  (20,355), 
Warwick  (17,761),  Johnston  (9778),  East  Providence  (8422), 
Cranston  (8099),  Cumberland  (8090),  Westerly  (6813),  Bur- 
rilville  (5492),  Bristol  (6478),  and  Coventry  (6068). 

Government,  tke. — Up  to  1843  the  state  government  was 
based  upon  the  colonial  charter  of  1663,  which  was  granted 
by  Charles  II. ;  but  in  the  former  year  the  present  state 
constitution  came  into  force.  The  governor  is  chosen  an- 
nually by  a  majority  of  votes ;  or,  if  that  fails,  by  the  legis- 
lature, which  is  called  the  general  assembly,  and  consist* 


KHO 


2270 


IIHO 


of  a  senate  of  36  and  a  house  of  .representatives  of  72  mem- 
bers. Judges  are  elected  by  this  assembly.  Prior  to  1888 
naturalized  citizens  were  required  to  have  a  property  quali- 
fication before  being  entitled  to  vote,  but  in  that  year  this 
restriction  was  rescinded  by  an  amendment  to  the  Consti- 
tution. The  state  sends  two  members  to  the  lower  house 
of  Congress.  There  is  a  state  prison  at  Providence,  and  on 
the  state  farm  at  Cranston  are  a  house  of  correction,  work- 
house, almshouse,  and  an  asylum  for  the  incurable  insane. 
Providence  is  the  seat  of  Butler  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  of 
a  reform  school,  and  of  Dexter  Asylum  for  Paupers. 

Education. — The  present  system  of  public  free  schools  is 
an  eflfective  one.  The  schools  are  supported  by  state,  town, 
district,  and  other  taxes.  There  are  a  state  board  of  educa- 
tion, a  commissioner  of  public  schools,  and  city  and  town  su- 
perintendents. The  cities  and  most  of  the  populous  villages 
have  graded  schools,  aud  several  have  free  high  schools. 
There  are  also  several  academies,  seminaries,  and  private 
schools  of  high  grade,  and  the  Roman  Catholic  parishes 
generally  support  schools  of  their  own.  Providence  is  the 
8ea.t  of  the  state  normal  school.  Brown  University,  at 
Providence,  is  one  of  the  oldest  colleges  in  the  country,  and 
enjoys  the  benefits  of  the  national  grant  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  college  of  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts.  The 
state  agricultural  college  at  Kingston  was  opened  in  1890. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  state  debt  (part  of  that  contracted 
in  1861-65  for  war  purposes)  was  $1,283,000,  of  which  $961,- 
703.95  was  provided  for  by  a  sinking  fund  of  $961,703.95, 
leaving  a  net  debt  of  $331,296.06.  The  total  income  was 
$1,075,963.66,  and  the  expenditures,  $1,169,602.81. 

History. — It  seems  certain  that  the  Icelanders  made  a 
temporary  settlement  on  this  coast  as  e(},rly  as  1000  a.d., 
and  that  in  1524  Narragansett  Bay  was  visited  by  Verra- 
zani.  The  region  was  colonized  by  Roger  Williams  in  1636, 
who  settled  at  Providence;  by  William  Coddington  and 
others,  who  settled  at  Newport  and  Portsmouth  in  1638; 
and  by  followers  of  John  Green  and  Samuel  Gorton,  who 
established  themselves  at  Warwick  in  1643,  in  which  year 
Roger  Williams  obtained  a  patent  for  the  united  govern- 
ment, which,  however,  he  was  unable  to  establish  before 
1647.  The  royal  charter  was  issued  in  1663.  It  is  believed 
that  the  government  of  Rhode  Island  was  the  earliest  one 
in  existence  which  permitted  complete  freedom  of  conscience 
in  religious  matters.  <  The  early  settlers  were  mainly  refu- 
gees from  the  ecclesiastical  tyranny  which  prevailed  in 
Massachusetts.  In  the  great  Narragansett  war,  which  ter- 
minated in  1676,  Rhode  Island  took  no  part,  although  she 
suflfered  severely  from  it.  Newport  early  became  a  com- 
mercial town  of  great  wealth  and  refinement.  During  the 
Revolution  the  state  took  an  active  part  in  the  war  for  in- 
dependence, bearing  her  full  share  of  hardships  by  land 
and  sea.  Rhode  Island  did  not  ratify  the  federal  constitu- 
tion until  1790,  she  being  the  last  of  the  original  13  states 
to  accede  to  it.  In  1790  the  first  successful  cotton-mill  in 
the  country  was  established  at  Pawtucket  by  Samuel  Slater. 
In  1842  the  Dorr  rebellion  took  place,  the  old  charter,  which 
had  served  so  long  instead  of  a  constitution,  not  being  well 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  times.  Mr.  T.  W.  Dorr  was 
chosen  governor  under  an  irregularly  framed  constitution, 
and  the  friends  of  the  new  movement  had  to  be  twice  dis- 

Eersed  by  the  military ;  and  in  1844  Dorr  was  convicted  of 
igh  treason  and  sentenced  to  prison  for  life ;  but  he  was 
afterwards  restored  to  full  civil  rights.  In  1861  the  east- 
ern boundary  of  the  state  was  readjusted,  the  state  acquiring 
some  enlargement  of  area  but  losing  in  population  by  it. 
The  northern  limit  of  the  state  has  not  yet  been  exactly 
settled.  In  the  war  of  1861-65  the  state  bore  her  part  on 
the  national  side  with  faithfulness  and  enthusiasm. 

Population. — In  1730  the  pop.  was  17,935;  in  1755, 
40,414;  in  1770,  59,678;  in  1790,  68,826;  in  1800,  69,122; 
in  1810,  76,931;  in  1820,  83,059;  in  1830,  97,199;  in  1840, 
108,830;  in  1850,  147,545;  in  1860,  174,620;  in  1870, 
217,353 ;  in  1880,  276,531 ;  in  1890,  345,506.  Rhode  Island 
was  for  many  years,  and  is  at  present,  the  most  densely 
peopled  state  in  the  Union,  but  since  1840  it  has,  according 
to  the  returns  of  the  United  States  census,  been  at  times 
slightly  exceeded  in  this  respect  by  Massachusetts. 

Rhoden,  ro'd^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Waldeck,  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1566. 

Rhoden,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Roden. 

Rhode  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  near  Chesapeake  Bay,  10  miles  from  Camp  Parole.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rhodes  J  rodz  (Fr.  Rhodes,  rod;  Ger.  Rhodos,  ro'dos; 
It.  Rodi,  ro'dee;  Sp.  Rodae,  ro'dis;  L.  Rho'dus ;  Gr. 
'PrfSos,  RhSdds),  an  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the  Medi- 
'«iTaneau,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  between  lat. 


35°  53'  and  36°  28'  N.  and  Ion.  27°  40'  and  28°  12'  E. 
Length,  46  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  18  miles.  Area,  420 
square  miles.  Pop.  estimated  at  36,000,  of  whom  aboui 
8000  are  Turks,  3000  Jews,  and  the  remainder  Greeks,  with 
a  few  Franks.  It  is  traversed  by  a  mountain-chain,  cov- 
ered with  forests,  which  have  long  supplied  good  timber 
for  ship-building.  Its  valleys  are  well  watered  and  highly 
fertile.  The  principal  exports  are  wax,  honey,  figs,  coral, 
sponges,  oranges,  lemons,  pomegranates,  wine,  valonia, 
onions,  and  manufactured  silk ;  in  addition  to  which  tim- 
ber, shoes,  and  red  leather  are  among  its  products.  The 
principal  imports  are  colonial  produce,  cottons,  woollens, 
iron,  nails,  shot,  tin,  paper,  soap,  salt  fish,  cordage,  glass 
and  earthenwares,  hardware  and  cutlery,  French  ianxoy 
articles,  coals  from  England,  horses,  mules,  cattle,  sheep, 

poultry,  hides,  skins,  wool,  carpets,  and  corn. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Rhodian,  ro'de-an. 

Rhodes,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital 
of  the  island  of  Rhodes,  at  its  N.E.  extremity,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  the  nearest  promontory  of  Asia  Minor.  Lat.  of 
mole,  36°  26'  9"  N.;  Ion.  28°  13'  E.  Pop.  20,000.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls  built  by  the  Knights  of  St.  John,  and  on 
the  land  side  it  is  strengthened  by  ravelins  and  a  moat. 
On  the  N.E.  side  two  piers  project  to  enclose  a  harbor,  and 
on  its  N.  side  is  another  port.  The  city  has  many  mosques, 
a  Jews'  quarter  and  several  synagogues,  the  ancient  hos- 
pital of  the  knights,  an  armory,  and  upwards  of  10,000 
nouses,  many  of  which  are  untenanted.  Outside  of  the 
walls,  on  the  N.,  are  the  pasha's  palace,  the  dock-yard,  and 
a  Roman  Catholic  quarter,  with  a  chapel  and  school.  South 
of  the  city  are  the  Greek  suburbs,  with  about  3000  inhab- 
itants and  9  or  10  churches.  On  the  adjacent  heights  are 
many  scattered  villas.  Rhodes  has  3  Mohammedan  col- 
leges, a  Turkish  library,  various  Turkish  and  Greek  schools, 
and  some  brisk  manufactures  of  red  leather  and  shoes  for 
exportation.  In  antiquity  it  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
of  Greek  cities,  and  boasted  of  the  famous  brazen  Colos- 
sus,— one  of  the  seven  wonders  of  the  world, — which  stood 
at  the  entrance  of  its  harbor.  After  the  destruction  of  its 
republic  it  belonged  successively  to  the  Romans,  the  Greek 
emperors,  the  Genoese,  and  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem,  which  last  held  it  from  1308  to  1522,  when,  after 
a  heroic  resistance,  it  capitulated  to  the  Turks  under  Soly- 
man  the  Magnificent. 

Rhodes,  Inner  and  Outer.    See  Appenzell. 

Rhodes,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansjjp. 

Rhodez,  a  town  of  France.     See  Rodez. 

Rhodope  Mountains.  SeeDESPoro  Daqh. 

Rhodosto,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Rodosto. 

Rhon,  ron,  or  Rhon-Gebirge,  ron-ga-beSa'ca,  a 
mountain-chain  of  Central  Germany,  in  Northwest  Bavaria 
and  Hesse  -Nassau,  separates  the  valleys  of  the  Fulda  and 
Werra  from  those  of  the  Kinzig  and  Main.  In  it  are  the 
traces  of  many  extinct  volcanoes. 

Rhon,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Rhoon. 

Rhone,  r5n  (Fr.  Rh6ne,  ron;  Ger.  Rhone,  ro'neh;  It. 
and  Sp.  Rodano,  ro'di-no;  anc.  Rho'danus),  a  large  river 
of  Europe,  rises  in  Switzerland,  in  the  Rhone  Glacier,  W. 
of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  between  the  mountains  of  Furca  and 
Grimsel,  flows  S.W.  past  Brieg  and  Sion  to  Martigny, 
where  it  turns  sharply  to  the  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Lake 
of  Geneva  near  its  S.E.  extremity.  At  Geneva  it  leaves 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  lake.  It  enters  France  through  the 
Jura  Mountains,  and  flows  S.  past  Seyssel,  where  it  be- 
comes navigable.  Its  course  is  now  tortuously  W.  to 
Lyons,  where  it  receives  the  SaSne,  and  it  then  flows  nearly 
due  S.,  past  Saint-Genis-Laval,  Vienne,  Toumon,  Valence, 
Avignon,  and  Beaucaire,  to  Aries,  where  it  separates  intc 
several  branches,  forming  a  delta  called  La  Camargue,  and 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Lyons,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Principal 
affluents,  on  the  right,  the  Ain,  Sa8ne,  Ard^che,  and  Gard ; 
on  the  left,  the  Is6re,  Dr5me,  and  Durance.  Its  fall  is  muoh 
greater  than  that  of  the  Rhine,  and  consequently  its  navi- 
gation is  difficult.  It  is  connected  with  the  Loire  by  meana 
of  the  Sa6ne  and  the  Canal  du  Centre.  The  Canal  of  Bur- 
gundy unites  it  to  the  Yonne  and  Seine,  and  that  of  the 
Rhone  and  Rhine  connects  it  with  the  Rhine.  Distance 
from  source  to  mouth,  286  miles ;  following  windings,  550 
miles;  extent  of  basin,  30,000  square  miles.  About  200 
miles  of  its  course  is  in  Switzerland,  and  360  miles 
France.     It  is  navigable  about  360  miles. 

Rh6ne,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  S.E.,  formed  < 
the  old  province  of  Lyonnois,  bounded  E.  by  the  Rhonl 
and  the  Sadne.     Area,  1066  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891^ 
806,737.     It  is  partly  covered  by  the  mountains  uniting 
the  Yosges  and  C6vennes,  and  contains  the  summits  of^ 
Mont  d'Or  and  Pilate.    The  soil  is  rich  in  mines  of  copperj 


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2271 


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Iron,  and  coal.  It  produces  excellent  wine,  and  the  goat- 
milk  cheese  of  Mont  d'Or  is  in  high  repute.  The  silks  of 
Lyons  are  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  immense 
quantities  of  muslins  are  manufactured  at  Tarare.  The 
other  branches  of  industry  comprise  cotton-  and  linen-spin- 
ning and  weaving,  hat-making,  and  the  manufacture  of 
glass  and  paper.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arron- 
dissements  of  Lyons  (the  capital)  and  Villefranche. 

Rhuue,  Bonches  du.    See  BoucHES-nu-RHdNE. 

Khoon,  ron,  written  also  Rhou,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dort. 

Uhotas,  ro'tis,  or  Rotas- Ghur,  ro'tis-gar,  written 
also  Rohatas  and  Rotas- Gur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  110 
miles  S.E.  of  Patna,  with  some  Hindoo  temples  and  many 
Mohammedan  remains.     It  is  now  chiefly  in  ruins. 

Rhuddlan,  or  Rhyddlan,  h'rixH'lan,  a  borough  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Flint,  in  the  Vale  of  Clwyd,  3  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  St.  Asaph.  It  has  remains  of  a  noble  castle. 
Edward  I.  made  the  town  a  borough,  and  held  in  it  the 
parliament  of  1283.  It  unites  with  Flint,  St.  Asaph,  Ac, 
in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  The 
town  is  much  decayed. 

Rhugian,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kagian. 

BRhuu,  run,  or  Poo'lo  Rhun,  one  of  the  Molucca 
lands,  in  the  Banda  groiip,  11  miles  W.  of  Great  Banda. 
Rhuthyn,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Rdthin. 
Rhyd-y-Boith'an,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Gla- 
h-gan,  W.  of  Caerphilly.     Pop.  2350. 
Rhyl)  ril,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Flint,  on  the  sea,  at  a  railway  junction,  and  at  the  mouth 
the  Clwyd,  13  miles  E.N.B.  of  Conway.     Pop.  4229. 
:hymutpoor,  India.    See  Rbehutpoor. 
:hyn,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Rhine,  and  Rhin. 
^hyn'dacus,  or  Edrenos^   4d'ri-nos\  a  river  of 
La  Minor,  rises  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Kutaieh,  flows 
itly  N.W,,  traverses  Lake  Aboolonia,  and  enters  the  Sea 
Marmora  20  miles  W.  of  Moodania.     Length,  150  miles. 
^Rhy'olite   Peak,   Colorado,   a   peak   of   the    Front 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  47'  N.,  Ion.  106°  9'  34"  W.     It  has  an 
altitude  of  10,400  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Riad,  re-id',  or  Abroad,  S,b-roo-3,d',  a  city  of  Arabia, 
capital  of  Nedjed,  about  450  miles  N.E.  of  Mecca.     Lat. 
"!5°  N.;  Ion.  46°  30'  E. 
Riajsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Riazhsk. 
Ri'als  Creek,  a  village  of  Simpson  co.,  Miss.,  40  miles 
',  of.  Hazlehurst.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 
Rialto,  re-al'to  or  re'al-to,  post-office,  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 
Rians,  re-fiuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  20  miles  N.W. 
Brignolle.     Pop.  2210. 

iaza,  re-&'th&,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  prov- 
of  Segovia,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Douro. 
iaza,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles  E.N.E. 
Segovia,  on  the  river  Riaza.  Pop.  3077. 
Riazan,  or  Riasan,  re-i-zin'  (Ger.  Rjaean,  r'yi- 
z4n'),  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  53°  and  55° 
35'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  41°  20'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  gov- 
ernments of  Moscow,  Vladimeer,  Tambov,  and  Toola.  Area, 
16,249  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  1,713,581.  The  surface 
is  generally  level.  The  principal  river,  the  Oka,  divides  it 
into  two  portions,  of  which  the  S.  is  fertile  and  healthy,  the 
N.  low,  marshy,  and  mostly  uncultivated.  The  chief  prod- 
ucts ar«  hops,  tobacco,  garden-produce,  rye,  and  fruits. 
The  manufactures  are  of  glass  and  hardware,  woollen,  cot- 
ton, and  linen  stuff's,  and  cordage.  It  has  numerous  dis- 
tilleries.    Principal  towns,  Riazan,  Skopin,  and  Kasimov. 

Riazan,  or  Kiasan,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the 
above  government,  is  situated  on  the  Trubesh,  a  tributary 
of  the  Oka,  110  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Moscow.  Pop.  30,876. 
It  has  a  fortress,  enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  a  cathe- 
dral, an  archiepiscopal  palace,  numerous  churches,  govern- 
ment offices,  convents,  a  seminary  with  a  public  library, 
hospital,  college,  school  of  drawing  and  architecture,  and 
some  other  schools  and  charities.  Old  Riazan,  destroyed 
by  the  Tartars  in  1568,  is  a  village  about  30  miles  S.E. 

Riazhsk,  or  Riajsk,  re-&zhk',  a  town  of  Russia,  52 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Riazan,  on  the  Rasa.     Pop.  2931. 

Ribadeo,  re-B&-Di'o,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lugo,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  2920. 

Ribaflecha,  re-B&-fli'ch&,  or  Ribafrecha,  re-B&- 
fr&'chi,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  province  and  7 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Logrono,  on  the  Leza.     Pop.  1463. 

Ribarroja,  or  Ribarroxa,  re-BaB-Ro'HS,,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  50  miles  W.  of  Tarragona,  on  the  Ebro. 
Ribarroja,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  2308. 
Ribas,  ree'B3.s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province 
id  about  50  miles  from  Gerona.     Pop.  1023. 


i 


Rib'ble,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
CO.  of  York,  flows  S.  and  W.  through  the  co.  of  Lancaster, 
and  enters  the  Irish  Sea  at  Southport. 

Ribe,  ree'b^h,  or  Ripen,  ree'p^n,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  Jutland,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hadersleben.  Pop.  3684. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  cathedral. 

RibeauviI16,  ree'boVeeryi',  or  Rabschwer,  rib'- 
shvaiE'  (Ger.  Rappolaweiler,  rip'pols-^iM^r),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg  Railway,  5i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Schlettstadt.  Pop.  5785.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton,  leather,  flour,  and  excellent  wine. 

Ribeira  Brava,  re-bi'e-rl  bri'vi,  a  seaport  of  the 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  island  of  Brava.  Pop.  3600.  Lat. 
14°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  47'  30"  W. 

Ribeira  Grande,  re-b&'e-r&  gr&n'di,  a  town  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  in  the  Azores,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Ponta  Delgada.     Pop.  3200. 

Ribeira  Grande,  Cape  Verd  Islands.   See  Santiago. 

Ribeir&o,  or  Sfto  Jos6  do  Ribeirfto,  sSwn»  zho- 
z4'  do  re-bi-rowN"',  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Matto-Grosso,  24 
miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Guapore  and  Mamore. 

Ribeirfto,  re-b&-rdwN"',  or  Sapo  do  Ribeirfto, 
s&'po  do  re-bi-r6wN»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa 
Catharina,  8  miles  S.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  2000. 

Ribemont,  ree*b9h-m6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
near  the  Oise,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  2547. 

Ribera,  re-bi'r4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Girgenti,  on  the  Calata  Bellota.     Pop.  7111. 

Riberac,  ree^b^h^rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
near  the  Dronne,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  P6rigueux. 

Ribera  del  Fresno,  re-Bi'ri  dfil  frfis'no,  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  of  Badajos,  on  the  Fresno.     Pop.  3644. 

Ribiers,  ree^be-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hantes- 
Alpes,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gap.     Pop.  1206, 

Ribleh,  rib'l^h  (the  Rib'lah  of  Scripture),  a  village  of 
Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  S.S.W.  of  Homs. 

Ribnitz,  rib'nits,  a  town  of  North  Germany,  in  Meok- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Giistrow,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Recknitz,  in  a  bay  of  the  Baltic.  It  has  a 
ship-yard,  manufactures  of  brandy  and  tobacco,  and  a  her- 
ring-fishery.    Pop.  4074. 

Ribordone,  re-boR-do'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1052. 

Rib  River,  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  1  mile  below  Wausao. 
It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Ricamarie,  La,  1&  ree^ki^mi^ree',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Loire,  4  miles  from  Saint- Etienne.  It  has 
coal-mines  and  glass-works.     Pop.  3269. 

Ric'carton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the 
Irvine,  which  separates  it  from  Kilmarnock,  of  which  it  is 
a  suburb.     Pop.  of  parish,  6845. 

Riccia,  rit'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Campobasso.  Pop.  8123.  It  has  a  collegiate  and 
many  other  churches. 

Ricco,  rik'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  La  Spezia.     Pop.  of  commune,  2473. 

Rice,  a  county  of  Kansas,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
state.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Arkansas. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  hay,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  A  large  portion 
of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroail, 
and  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad.  Capital, 
Lyons.     Pop.  in  1870,  5;  in  1880,  9292;  in  1890,  14,451. 

Rice,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  about  505  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cannon  River,  and  also  drained  by  Straight  River  and  one 
of  the  branches  of  the  Zumbro.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  by  numerous  beautiful  little  lakes.  Nearly 
one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple, 
ash,  elm,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  oalcareoos  and  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  found  in  this  county, 
which  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Faribault.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,083 ;  in  1880,  22,481 ;  in  1890,  23,968. 

Rice,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.     Pop.  570. 

Rice,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  422. 

Rice,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Rice,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

Rice,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  927. 

Rice,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Hous- 
ton A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas.  It 
has  a  church. 

Riceborongh,  riss'biir-riih,  a  post-village  of  Liber^ 


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2272 


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oo.,  Qa.,  on  the  navigable  North  Newport  River,  40  miles 
8.W.  of  Savannah. 

Riceburg,  riss'burg,  a  post-village  in  Missisqaoi  co., 
Quebec,  on  Pike  River,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  con- 
tains an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  200. 

Rice  City,  a  township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  359. 

Rice  City,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  1  mile  from  Greene  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rice  Creek,  Michigan,  flows  into  the  Kalamazoo  at 
Marshall,  in  Calhoun  co. 

Rice  Creek,  South  Carolina,  enters  theWateree  River 
from  the  right  in  Kershaw  co.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Rice  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Superior  and  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  20J  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Rice  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  Edward  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles 
W.  of  Petersburg. 

Rice'field,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey  (South  Branch),  3  miles  S.  of  SomerviUe,  N.J. 

Rice'ford,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Spring  Grove  township,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Winona.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rice  Hill,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Roseburg. 

Rice  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  on  the  E.  border  of  Polk 
00.,  and  is  S  miles  long.     Its  outlet  is  the  Wild  Rice  River. 

Rice  Lake,  in  Northumberland  oo.,  Ontario,  is  25 
miles  long  and  4  or  5  miles  wide.  It  lies  about  15  miles 
from  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  receives  from  the  N. 
the  river  Otonabee,  flowing  from  a  chain  of  lakes.  It  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  the  Trent  into  the  Bay  of  Quinte. 

Rice  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  on  a 
small  lake  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  51. 

Rice  Lake,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Minn.    P.  84. 

Rice  Lake,  a  post- village  in  Stanfold  township,  Barron 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of 
Menomonee.  It  is  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rice  Lake,  a  township  of  Barron  co..  Wis.    Pop.  206. 

Rice'land,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.    P.  800. 

Rice's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  89  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  store. 

Rice's  Cross'ing,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Rice's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  oo., 
Tex.,  5  miles  from  Taylorville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rice's  Land'ing,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Pa., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  4  stores.  Much 
farm-produce  is  shipped  hero.     Pop.  about  400. 

Rice's  Point,  Bt.  Louis  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  St.  Louis 
Bay,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  1  milo  S.W.  of 
Duluth.  It  is  a  part  of  Duluth.  The  machine-shop  and 
round-house  of  the  railroad  are  located  here. 

Rice'ville,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  22  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Charles  City.  It  is  partly  in  Howard  oo.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese -factory,  and  a  mill. 

Riceville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  oo.,  Miss.,  about 
70  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Riceville,  a  village  in  Middletown  township,  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  N.J.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  about  3  miles  from 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Red  Bank.  It  has 
several  churches  and  stores. 

Riceville,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Riceville,  a  post-borough  in  Bloomfield  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Titusville  <&  Bufialo  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titus- 
Tille,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  cheese-faotory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  lumber,  chairs,  sash,  <fcc.     Pop.  301. 

Riceville,  a  post-village  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Bast  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  49  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  masonic  institute,  4 
churches,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  450. 

Riceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Riceville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 

Riceville,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  29 
miles  from  Alexandria.     Pop.  100. 

Riceys,  Les,  villages  of  France.     See  Les  Riceys. 

Rich,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  borders  on 
Idaho.  Area,  980  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Big  Creek  and  other  small 
streams.     The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.     The  soil 


produces  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  grass.  Capital,  Randolph. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1955;  in  1880,  1263;  in  1890,  1527. 

Rich,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.  Pop.  1539.  It  con- 
tains Rich  ton  and  Mattison. 

Rich,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  HI.     Pop.  1432. 

Rich,  a  post-township  of  Anderson  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
10  miles  S.  cff  Garnett.     Pop.  1139. 

Rich,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mioh.    Pop.  881. 

Rich'ardson,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Ne 
braska,  borders  on  Kansas.  Area,  about  545  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Big  Nemaha  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Nemaha  and  by  Muddy  Creek.  It  has 
an  abundance  of  pure  water.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  very  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash, 
hickory,  oak,  elm,  and  black  walhut.  Indian  com,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good 
limestone,  covered  in  many  places  with  a  thick  deposit  of 
silicious  marl,  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River 
Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  Falls  City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9780; 
in  1876,  11,327;  in  1880,  15,031;  in  1890,  17,574. 

Richardson,  a  post-office  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  about  12 
miles  W.  of  South  Bend. 

Richardson,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  12^  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dallas. 

Richardson's,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Westminster. 

Richardson's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Edgar. 

Richardson's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Union 
CO.,  runs  N.E.,  and  enters  Rocky  River  in  Anson  co. 

Richardson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Richardson's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Meade  co., 
Ky.,  18  miles  N.  of  Elizabethtown. 

Richardson's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  and  ship- 
ping-point of  Tipton  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
about  30  miles  by  land  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  a  steam 
saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Richardson's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn., 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Smithville.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Here  is  Cation's  Mills  Post-Office. 

Richardson's  River,  British  North  America,  enters 
Back's  Inlet,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  Ion.  115°  56'  W. 

Rich'ardsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  oo., 
S.C,  about  54  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Rich'ardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church. 

Richardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Brookville,  and  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Titus- 
ville. It  has  3  churches,  several  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Richardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 
about  70  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Richard  Toll,  reo^shin'  tol,  a  town  of  Senegambia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Senegal,  50  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  belongs  to  Franco.     Pop.  in  1876,  7887. 

Rich  Bar,  a  township  of  Plumas  oo.,  Cal.    Pop.  200. 

Rich'borough,  a  decayed  village  of  England,  in 
Kent,  on  the  Stour,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sandwich. 

Richborough,  Bucks  co..  Pa.    See  Addisville. 

Rich'burg,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wirt  township,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Hornellsville.  It  contains 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  washing-machines. 

Richburg,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Chester  &  Cheraw  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Chester.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rich'by,  or  Brook'ville,  a  post- village  in  Compton 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  118  miles  S.E. 
of  Montreal. 

Rich  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Lewisburg.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  about  150. 

Rich  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Riche,  reesh,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  E. 
end  of  Papua.     Lat.  8°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  57'  E. 

Richelieu,  reesh^§h-lu'  or  reeshMe-uh',  a  town  of 
France.  Indre-et-Loire,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Chinon.   Pop.  2328. 

Richelieu,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  N.  by  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  and  W.  by  the  Richelieu  or  Sorel  River. 
Area,  190  square  miles.     Capital,  Sorel.     Pop.  20,048. 

Richelieu,  Chambly,  or  St.  John,  a  river  of  Que- 
bec, leaves  Lake  Champlain  at  its  N.  extremity,  and,  after  a 
N.  course  of  80  miles,  enters  the  river  St.  Lawrence  at  Lak» 
St.  Peter.     Near  its  centre  it  expands  into  the  basin  <»♦ 


i 


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2273 


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Chamblj.  The  Richelieu  forms  an  important  part  of  the 
navigation  between  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Hudson  Rivers. 
At  its  mouth  is  the  town  of  Sorel. 

Richelieu  Islands  are  situated  in  Lake  St.  Peter, 
at  the  aiotith  of  the  Richelieu  River  in  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Riche's  (r^-shaz')  Corners,  post-office, Sauk  co.,  Wis. 

Rich'field,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co..  111.,  about 

II  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.     Pop.  1496. 
Richfield,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Towa,,13  miles 
'.  of  West  Union. 
Richfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richfield  township,  Genesee 
I.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  River,  1 2  miles  N.B.  of  Flint.    It  has 
town  house  and  2  stores.     Pop.  of  township,  1351. 
Richfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richfield  township,  Henne- 
pin CO.,  Minn.,  6  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.     The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  contains 
^^^everal  small  lakes. 

^^m  Richfield,  a  post-village  in  Acquackanonck  township, 
^^mssaic  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Newark  Branch),  at 
^^Centreville  Station,  2  miles   from  Passaic,  and  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Richfield,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
1 5  miles  N.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  a  moderately  hilly 
surface  and  a  fertile  soil.  Pop.  2516.  It  contains  Rich- 
field Springs.  Richfield  Post-Office  is  at  Monticello. 
Richfield,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  0.  Pop.  396. 
Richfield,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.  Pop.  822.  It 
ntains  Richfield  Centre. 

Richfield,  a  post-village  in  Richfield  township,  Sum- 
mit CO.,  0.,  10  miles  W.  of  Hudson,  and  about  18  miles  S. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  4  charches,  a  high  school,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1018. 
Richfield,  a  post- village  of  Juniata  oo.,  Pa.,  20  miles 
^^.W.  of  Sunbury.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  131. 
^H  Richfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sevier  oo.,  Utah, 
^^L  the  Sevier  River,  about  150  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
^^Bt  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
^■^ Richfield,  a  township  of  Adams  oo..  Wis.    Pop.  244. 
^™^  Richfield,  a  post-village  in  Richfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  (Northern  division),  25  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
"^   has  several  churches,  hotels,  and  stores.  Pop.  about  400 ; 
the  township,  1740. 

Richfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richfield  town- 
ip,  Lucas  CO.,  0.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 
Richfield  Junction,  a  station  in  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
notion  of  a  branch,  13^  miles  S.  of  Utica. 
Richfield  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
Richfield  township,  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  1  mile  N.  of 
ihuyler  Lake,  and  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cooperstown.     It 
on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
ilroad,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Utica.    It  has  medicinal  springs 
'hioh  are  reputed  as  remedies  for  rheumatism,  skin  diseases, 
c,  also  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  a  bank, 
d  several  large  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890,  1623. 
Rich'ford,  a  post-village  in  Richford  township,  Tioga 
,  N.Y.,  on  Bast  Owego  Creek,  and  on  the  Southern  Central 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Owego.     It  contains  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1451. 
Richford,  a  post- village  in  Richford  township,  Frank- 
00.,  Vt.,  on  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern 
lilway  of  Canada,  at  its  junction  with  the  Eastern  division 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  St. 
.Ibans.     It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  savinga- 
nk,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  1162  ;  of  the  township,  2196. 
^  Richford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richford  township,  Wau- 
fcara  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Mecan  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Coloma 
Station,  and  about  35  miles  N.  of  Portage.     It  has  2  stores 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  366. 

Rich  Fount'ain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Mo., 
about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Jefiferson  City.     It  has  a  church. 
Rich  Giove,  a  township  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  316. 
Rich  Mill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Armagh.     Pop.  725. 
Rich  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bates  oo.,  Mo.,  18  miles  W. 
Rockville  Station.     Coal  is  found  here. 
Rich  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  2}  miles  from 
ntreburg  Station,  which  is  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mt.  Vernon, 
[t  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory. 
Rich  Hill,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     P.  1404. 
Rich  Hill,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2470. 
Rich  Hill  Cross  Roads*    See  Richbdrg. 
Richibucto,  rish^e-biik'to  (formerly  Liverpool),  a 
leaport  town  and  port  of  entry  of  New  Brunswick,  capital 
of  Kent  CO.,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  146 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  John,  and  37  miles  E.  of  Chatham.     It 


I 


contains  the  county  buildings,  several  cbnrohes  and  hot«Il^ 
and  about  20  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and 
fish.     Ship-building  is  also  carried  on.     Pop.  800. 

Richibucto,  a  river  of  New  Brunswick,  takes  its  rise 
in  Kent  co.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  at  Richi- 
bucto. It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  for  15  miles  above 
its  mouth.  The  tide  flows  25  miles,  and  there  are  yearly 
floated  down  it  immense  quantities  of  timber. 

Richie's,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rookport  ft 
Southwestern  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.  of  Rookport,  Ind. 

Rich'ison's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Rich'land,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  aa 
area  of  about  361  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Wabash  River,  and  is  drained  by  Bonpas  and 
Fox  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal 
is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  <fc 
Mississippi  Railroad,  the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Olney. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,803  ;  in  1880,  15,545;  in  1890,  15,019. 

Richland,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Boeuf  Bayou,  and  is  also  drained  by  Big  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  uneven  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  a  division 
of  the  Queen  <fc  Crescent  Route,  and  by  the  New  Orleans 
<fc  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Rayville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5110;  in  1880,  8440;  in  1890, 10,230. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
bordering  on  Minnesota,  and  on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area 
of  1440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  and  the  Sioux  Wood  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Wild  Rice  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Wahpeton. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3597  ;  in  1890,  10,751. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  487  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Black  Fork  and  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  which  rise 
in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  ash,  oak,  hickory, 
walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  Mansfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,516;  in  1880,  36,306  ; 
in  1890,  38,072. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  608  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Wateree  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Broad, 
and  on  the  S.  by  the  Congaree.  The  first  and  the  last  of 
these  navigable  rivers  unite  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
county  and  form  the  Santee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  })ine,  Ac.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
y  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Columbia, 
which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,025 ; 
in  1880,  28,573;  in  1890,  36,821. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  670  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  theS. 
by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  drained  by  Eagle  and  Pine 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Forests  of  sugar-maple,  oak,  hickory,  ash,  pine,  and  other 
trees  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  hops  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is 
partly  traversed  by  a  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Richland  Centre.  Pop.  in 
1870,  15,731:  in  1880,  18,174;  in  1890,  19,121. 

Richland,  a  post-village  of  Pasco  oo.,  Fla.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Dade  City.  It  has  a  general  store  and  a 
blacksmith-shop.     Pop.  abont  100. 

Richland,  a  poft-village  of  Stewart  oo.,  Ga.,  38  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Americus,  and  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lumpkin. 
It  has  several  oburohes,  a  cotton-gin,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  general  stores,     {t  is  in  a  cotton  district.     Pop.  457. 

Richland,  a  township  of  La  Salle  oo..  111.    Pop.  712. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo.,  HI.    Pop.  805. 

Richland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sangamon  oo., 
III.,  on  the  Springfield  &  Illinois  Southeastern  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  111.     Pop.  1241. 


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Ricliland,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  546. 

Richland, a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1825. 

Richland,  township,  Fountain  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1759. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1314. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1065. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2143. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1342. 

Richland,  a  station  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad,  4i  miles  E.  of  Vincennes. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1065. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1600. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1486. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hichland  township,  Rush 
CO.,  Ind.,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  917. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  653. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1723. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  454. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  129. 

Richland,  township,  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  639. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  945. 

Richland,  township,  Delaware  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  744. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  76. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  148. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Guthrie  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  473. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  876. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  952. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  740. 

Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Keo- 
kuk CO.,  Iowa,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ottumwa,  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  2  steam  flour-mills.  Pop.  492 ;  of  the  township,  1050 
additional.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Skunk  River. 

Richland,  township,  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1381. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  453. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  870. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1411. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1210. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
341.     Post-office,  Rose  Hill. 

Richland,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  545. 

Richland,  township,  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  203. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  265. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
967,  exclusive  of  Chetopa. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  944. 

Richland,  township.  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  531. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawnee  c6.,  Kansas,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Lawrence. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Berry's  Station.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Kala- 
mazoo CO.,  Mich.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and 
42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  windmills. 
Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1255. 

Richland,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  117. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  477. 

Richland,  a  post-township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  about 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  932. 

Richland,  a  hamlet  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  5  miles  from 
Goodman  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Richland,  township,  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1099. 

Richland,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  10  or  11  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Springlield. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1180. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1185. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Ozark  co,.  Mo.     Pop.  635. 

Richland,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  162  miles  W.S.W,  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  4  general  stores,  a 
grain-elevator,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  720. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Scott  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1080. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Stoddard  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  438. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Vernon  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  647. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Fremont,  and  8  miles 
E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  store  and  a  grain-warehouse. 

Richland,  a  post-township  of  Oswego  co,,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  intersected  by  Salmon 
River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rome, 
Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Syracuse  North- 
ern Railroad.  It  contains  Pulaski,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
the  county,  and  Richland.     Pop.  4023. 


Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  a  branch,  29  miles  E,  by  N.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  260. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2097. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2133. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  713. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  2139. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  14  miles 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  Pop.  4170.  It  contains  St.  Clairs- 
ville,  Glencoe,  and  East  Richland. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1854 

Richland,  a  township  of  Darke  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1105. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.    Pop.  1194, 

Richland,  a  township  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1517. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1404 
It  contains  New  Gottingen  and  Senecaville. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Holmes  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1242 

Richland,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1401. 
It  contains  New  Richland. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  1146. 

Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Vinton 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  Richland 
Furnace  Station,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
furnace  for  pig-iron.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Allensville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1814. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  1271. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  707. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2111. 
It  contains  Richlandtown  and  Richland  Centre. 

Richland,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  near  the 
Big  Sioux  River,  2  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Westfield  Station, 
Iowa,  and  about  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Elk  Point.  It  has  a 
mill  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Richland,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Richland,  or  Richland  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad, 
15  miles  N.N.W,  of  Gallatin.     It  has  a  church. 

Richland,  a  post-office  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Corsicana. 

Richland,  StaS'ord  co.,  Va.    See  Richland  Mill. 

Richland,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va, 

Richland,  a  township  of  Richland  co,.  Wis.    Pop.  187« 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  KansasJ 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in] 
the  borough  of  Quakertown. 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richland 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  Richland  township,  on  Pine  River,  about  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  on  the  Pine  River  Valley  ^J 
Stevens  Point  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richland  City.l 
It  has  water-power,  and  contains  2  newspaper  offices,  4l 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,] 
a  saw-mill,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  1200. 

Richland  City,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  ^is-/| 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth  of i 
Pine  Creek,  about  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison.  It  is  onl 
the  Pine  River  Valley  A  Stevens  Point  Railroad,  6  mileij 
W,  of  Lone  Rock,     It  has  a  church. 

Richland  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southward  in  Gile 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Elk  River  about  10  miles  S.  of  Pulaski,! 

Richland  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Hill  co,,  runs  east-l 
ward,  and  enters  Pecan  Creek  in  Navarro  co.  It  is  nearly^! 
70  miles  long. 

Richland  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Island  oo.,| 
111.,  in  Richland  Grove  township,  2i  miles  from  Cable  Sta-1 
tion,  and  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rook  Island.  Thej 
township  contains  a  village  named  Swedona,  and  has  bed«| 
of  coal.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1444.  1 

Richland  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  onl 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  At 
Potomac  Railroad,  at  Richland  Station,  77  miles  N.  off 
Richmond.     Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a  church. 

Rich 'lands,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Onslow] 
00.,  N.C,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Newbern.  It  has  an  academy,] 
2  churches,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  2758.  J 

Richland  Springs,  a  post-office  of  San  Sabaco.,  Tez.j 

Richland  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co.,j 
Pa.,  in  Mill  Creek  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Rail-j 
road,  19  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-! 
shop,  a  plough-factory,  2  hotels,  a  cigar-factory,  and  3| 
stores.     Pop.  360. 

Richland  Station,  Tennessee.     See  Richland. 

Rich'landtown,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  inj 
Richland  township,  40  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2JJ 
miles  from  Quakertown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  shoe-fiao»| 
tory.     Pop.  about  300. 


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L .. 

^^B  Rich  Lieu,  rich'lu,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Kj. 

^^E  Rich'man,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa.   Pop.  545. 

^^  Rich'manville,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in  Piles- 
grove  township,  J  of  a  mile  from  Yorktown  Station. 

Rich'mond)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Thames,  10  miles  by  railway  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Paul's,  London.  Here  are  many  handsome  villas  and 
hotels,  resorted  to  in  summer  by  numerous  visitors.  Rich- 
mond commands  one  of  the  finest  prospects  in  the  vicinity 
of  London.  In  its  church  are  the  tombs  of  the  poet  Thom- 
son and  the  tragedian  Eean.  It  has  a  national  school, 
amply  endowed  almshouses,  a  handsome  Wesleyan  college, 

^ijnd  some  remains  of  a  royal  palace.     Richmond  Park,  ad- 

I^Hk>ining  the  town  on  the  S.,  is  8  miles  in  circuit,  well 
^Hpooded,  stocked  with  deer,  and  open  to  the  public. 
Richmond)  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  the  Swale,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  stone 
bridge,  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  York.  Pop.  6756.  Its 
chief  buildings  are  a  fine  old  church,  a  Roman  Catholic 
chapel,  a  free  grammar-school,  a  large  hotel,  and  imposing 
ruins  of  a  castle.  Near  it  are  also  fine  remains  of  a  mon- 
astery. Richmond  has  a  scientific  society,  a  mechanics' 
institute,  and  a  banking  company.  An  ecclesiastical  and 
a  civil  court  for  the  district  of  Richmondshire  are  held  here. 
The  borough  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
I^KLjRich'mond)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  bor- 
^^^Krs  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  330  Square  miles.  It 
^^Tb  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Brier  and  McBean's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  hag  abundance  of  granite  or  syenite.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  the  Richmond 
&  Danville  Railroad,  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  and  other  railroads,  which  centre  at 
Augusta,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,724 ;  in  1880,  34,665 ; 
in  1890,45,194. 

I ^^L  Richmond,  the  most  southern  county  of  New  York, 
^^Hks  an  area  of  about  61  square  miles.  It  is  an  island 
^^Bamed  Staten  Island,  which  is  nearly  13  miles  long.  It  is 
separated  from  New  York  City  by  New  York  Bay,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  a  part  of  the  Atlantic  called  Lower  Bay, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Staten  Island  Sound.  It  is  also  sep- 
arated from  Long  Island  by  a  strait  called  the  Narrows. 
The  soil  produces  hay,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  The 
shores  are  adorned  with  handsome  villas  and  country-seats. 
Mines  of  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit  Railroad. 
Capital,  Richmond.    Pop.  in  1870,  33,029 ;  in  1880,  38,991 ; 

B1890, 51,693.  See  Staten  Island. 
Richmond,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
rders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  789  square  miles, 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Lumber  River,  and  on  the 
.  by  the  Yadkin  or  Pedee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
pork,  tar,  and  turpentine  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  the 
Palmetto  Railroad,  and  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Air-Line 
Railroad.  Capital,  Rockingham.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,882; 
in  1880,  18,245;  in  1890,  23,948. 

I^^L  Richmond,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
^Hp  area  of  about  210  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
^^I.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  which  is  here  naviga- 
ble. The  affluents  of  this  river  intersect  Richmond  co.  in 
various  localities.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  The  inhabitants  are  partly  em- 
ployed in  the  oyster-fishery.  Capital,  Warsaw.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6503;  in  1880,  7195;  in  1890,  7146. 

Richmond)  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Minter  station,  and  about  18  miles  S.  of  Selma. 
It  iias  several  stores  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Richmond,  a  post-villageof  Arkansas,  capital  of  Little 
River  co.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Texarkana.  It  has 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  stores.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
McIIenry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road (Lake  Geneva  Line),  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago, 


2275 


RIC 


It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
Pop.  about 

Sand 


I 


and  32  miles  N.  of  Elgin 

office,  a  graded  school,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

600  ;  of  the  township,  1404 

Richmond,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Creek,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  and  3  miles  3.W.  of 
reensburg, 


Richmond,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Wayne 
CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  White- 
water River,  68  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis,  92  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Fort  Wayne,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  41 
miles  W.  of  Dayton,  0.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  prosperous  cities  in  the 
state.  The  railroads  which  converge  to  this  point  are  the 
Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Chicago,  the  Columous,  Chicago 
&  Indiana  Central,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Fort 
Wayne.  Richmond  contains  about  25  churches,  a  high 
school,  5  public  schools,  a  public  library,  3  national  banks, 
the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $900,000,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Earlham  College,  which  was  organized  in  1859, 
is  under  the  direction  of  the  Friends,  and  is  open  to  both 
sexes.  The  Indiana  Yearly  Meeting  of  Friends  is  held 
here.  Richmond  has  extensive  manufactures  of  threshing- 
machines,  farming-implements,  engines  and  boilers,  ma- 
chinery, flour,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  12,742;  in  1890,  16,608; 
in  1895  (estimated),  22,000. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  in 
English  River  township,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Iowa 
City.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ottawa.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  681. 

Richmond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Great  South- 
ern Railroad,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington,  and  139 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  the  Central  University  (Presbyterian),  organized 
in  1874,  a  newspaper  office,  3  national  banks,  and  the  Mad- 
ison Female  Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  4753. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Sagadahoc  co..  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec 
River,  16  miles  below  Augusta,  and  on  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  contains  3 
churches,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 
Steamboats  run  from  this  place  to  Boston,  except  in  winter. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3082. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  8i 
miles  S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  42  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church,  a  school  called  Kenmore  Hall,  and  a  furnace 
for  pig-iron.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1141. 

Richmond  (post-office,  New  Richmond),  a  village  of 
Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Holland 
Pop.  about  150. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Richmond  township,  }  of  a  mile  from  Ridgway  Station  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  on  the  Air-Line  Railroad 
extending  to  Romeo,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  haa 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  900 ;  of  the  township,  2105.  The  township  contains 
another  village,  named  Memphis. 

Richmond,  township,  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1603. 

Richmond,  Stearns  co.,  Minn.    See  Torah. 

Richmond,  a  post-office  and  township  of  Winona  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Winona.     Pop.  325. 

Richmond,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Tupelo. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Howard  '»o..  Mo.    Pop.  2988, 

Richmond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A 
Northern  Railroad  (St.  Joseph  division),  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Lexington,  44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Kansas  City,  and  6  miles 
N.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  Richmond 
College,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  savings-bank,  6 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-tools. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1424;  in  1890,  2895. 

Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  aoout  14  miles  S.  of  Keene.  It  has  a 
pail-factory  and  a  lumber-mill.   Pop.  of  the  township,  868. 

Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Grant  oo..  New  Mexico. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Ontario  oo.,  N.Y.   Pop.  1659. 

Richmond,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Rich- 
mond CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Southfield  township,  on  the  Staten 
Island  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  New  York,  and  2  miles 
from  the  sea-shore.  It  contains  numerous  handsome  villas, 
3  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  oo.,  0.  Pop.  883. 
It  contains  Richmond  Centre. 


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Richmond,  a  township  of  Huron  oo.,  0.     Pop.  880. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Jeffer- 
•on  CO.,  0.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Steubenville.  It  contains  3 
churches  and  Richmond  College  (non-seotarian),  which  was 
organized  in  1835  ;  commodious  buildings  were  erected  for 
this  college  in  1872.     Pop.  405. 

Richmond,  a  village  of  Ross  oo.,  0.,  on  Salt  Creek, 
about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the 
Scioto  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  227.     Here  is  Richmond  Dale  Post-Office. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2874. 

Richmond,  a  station  on  the  Foxburg,  St.  Petersburg 
t  Clarion  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Foxburg,  Pa. 

Richmond,  township,  Crawford  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1399. 

Richmond,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  See  Richmond  Furnace. 

Richmond,  a  post- hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Easton,  and  3  miles  from  Belvidere, 
N.J.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    See  Port  Richmond. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1558. 

Richmond,  township,  Washington  co.,  R.I.    P.  1949. 

Richmond,  a  village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Shelby ville,  and  1  mile  from  Branch ville  Post- 
OflSce.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Richmond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fort  Bend  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  and 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  75 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Galveston,  and  about  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Houston.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
eteam  grist-mill,  <feo.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  in  the 
fertile  Cache  Valley,  on  the  Utah  &  Northern  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Logan.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  Winooski  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier,  and  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  is  in  a  fertile  valley  among 
the  Green  Mountains,  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  spools,  bobbins,  and  leather,  and  exports 
much  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1309. 

Richmond,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Virginia,  the 
capital  of  the  state,  and  the  county  seat  of  Henrico  co.,  is 
situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  James  River,  at  the  lower  falls,  and 
at  the  head  of  tide-water,  about  100  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  built  on  several  hills,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
and  varied  scenery.  It  is  about  100  miles  in  a  straight 
line  S.  by  W.  from  Washington,  116  miles  from  that  city 
by  rail,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Petersburg.  Lat.  of  capitol, 
37°  32'  17"  N.;  Ion.  77°  27'  28"  W.  It  is  connected  with 
Manchester,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river,  by  4  bridges.  A 
bridge  also  connects  it  with  Belle  Isle.  The  chief  thorough- 
fares run  N.W.  and  S.E.,  nearly  parallel  with  the  river- 
front. The  capitol  and  most  of  the  other  public  buildings 
are  on  Shockoe  Hill,  the  top  of  which  is  a  plain  overlook- 
ing the  river.  The  capitol  building  was  finished  in  1796, 
and  from  its  size  and  elevation  is  the  most  conspicuous 
object  in  the  city.  In  the  capitol  grounds  are  the  Foley 
bronze  of  General  Thomas  J.  Jackson,  Hart's  marble  of 
Henry  Clay,  and  the  Crawford  Washington  monument. 
The  latter  is  one  of  the  finest  groups  of  monumental  sculp- 
ture in  America.  It  consists  of  a  colossal  equestrian  bronze 
of  Washington,  around  and  below  which  are  two  tiers  of 
pedestals,  with  figures  of  Andrew  Lewis,  Patrick  Henry, 
George  Mason,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Thomas  Nelson,  and  John 
Marshall,  and  on  the  lower  pedestals  are  seven  symbolic 
figures.  In  the  W.  end  of  the  city  is  tlie  fine  equestrian 
statue  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee.  In  the  E.,  on  Libby  Hill, 
is  the  monument  to  the  private  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the 
Confederacy. 

A  number  of  handsome  new  buildings  are  now  ornament- 
ing the  city,  among  which  are  the  city  hall,  of  Richmond 
granite,  completed  in  1894;  the  chamber  of  commerce, 
the  state  library,  and  the  Jefferson  Hotel. 

The  railroad  connections  are  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railway,  extending  eastward  to  Newport  News  and  Nor- 
folk, and  westward  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  Cincinnati,  0. ; 
the  Southern  Railway,  eastward  to  West  Point,  Va.,  and 
southward  to  Brunswick,  Ga.,  Columbia,  S.C,  Atlanta,  Ga., 
Harriman  Junction,  Tenn.,  Meridian,  Miss.,  Greenville, 
Miss.,  and  other  points  W.  and  S. ;  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line, 
southward  to  Charleston,  S.C,  and  forming  a  through  line 
to  Florida ;  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  eastward  to 
Norfolk  and  westward  to  Bristol,  Tenn.,  Norton,  Va.,  and 
Columbus,  0. ;  the  Seaboard  Air  Line,  southward  to  At- 
lanta, Ga.,  with  connections  to  Montgomery,  Ala.,  and  New 
Orleans,  La.;  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac 


Railroad,  northward  to  Quantico,  and  connecting  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  system ;  and  the  Farmville  &  Pow- 
hatan Railroad  to  Farmville,  Va.  The  water  lines  are  the 
Old  Dominion  Steamship  Company  to  New  York  and  East-^ 
em  Carolina;  the  Clyde  Company  to  Philadelphia,  and  the 
Virginia  Navigation  Company  to  Old  Point  and  Norfolk^ 
Va.  From  Richmond  bar  to  City  Point  the  James  River 
has  18  feet  at  low  water. 

There  are  251  public  schools  (with  12,035  pupils,  in  ITJ 
school  buildings),  6  night  schools,  2  successful  medical  coU 
leges,  4  hospitals,  and  88  churches,  with  a  membership  of 
42,739.     The  total  debt  of  Richmond  is  $7,000,000.     Thfl 
trade  of  1894  was  about  $30,000,000.     Banking  capita 
$3,245,577.50.    In  1894  the  mortality  was  19.83  to  the  lOOO 

The  principal  manufacturing  industries  of  the  city, 
enumerated  in  the  United  States  census  of  1890,  embrace  i 
agricultural-implement  establishments,  with  a  capital  ol 
$267,200 ;  3  book-binderies  and  blank-book-making  cor 
cerns,  with  a  capital  of  $162,720 ;  3  boot-  and  shoe-factorie 
with  a  capital  of  $390,461  ;  3  flouring-mills,  with  a  capita 
of  $404,156;  and  15  manufactories  of  foundry  and  machine 
shop  products,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $2,389,155.  Th| 
total  number  of  manufacturing  concerns  reported  was  95(1 
employing  18,150  hands,  using  material  valued  at  $12,646,1 
308,  and  producing  an  output  valued  at  $25,891,569. 

On  December  26,  1811,  occurred  the  burning  of  the  Ricl 
mond  Theatre,  in  which  70  persons  lost  their  lives,  ial 
eluding  the  governor  of  Virginia  and   other   prominen 
citizens.     In  1861  Richmond  was  made  the  capital  of  thi 
Southern  Confederacy,  and  became  the  objective  point  of 
the  principal  military  operations  of  the  Union  forces  in  thl 
East.     After  an  obstinate  siege,  it  was  evacuated  on  til 
night  of  April  2,  1865,  and  taken  by  the  Federal  armj 
The  tobacco  in  the  warehouses  was  fired  by  the  retirir 
Confederates,  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  business  par 
of  the  city  was  destroyed,  but  has  since  been  handsome)] 
and  substantially  rebuilt.     On  April  27,  1870,  the  floor  of 
the  supreme  court-room,  in  the  capitol,  fell  in,  killing  61 
and  injuring  200  others. 

Richmond  was  founded  by  William  Byrd  in  1737,  wa 
incorporated  in  1742,  and  became  the  capital  of  the  state  it 
1779-80.  It  has  of  late  grown  rapidly  in  importance  and 
population,  notwithstanding  the  drawbacks  it  was  sub^ 
jected  to  during  the  civil  war.  In  1800  the  population  wa 
5737;  in  1850,  27,570;  in  1860,  37,910  ;  in  1870,  51,038;  ' 
1880,  63,600;  in  1890,  81,388;  in  1895  (estimated),  91,00(1 
With  Manchester  and  other  suburbs,  the  population 
about  115,000. 

Richmond,  a  post-oflSoe  in  Richmond  township,  Walj 
worth  CO.,  Wis.,  about  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Janesville,  ana 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Elkhorn.     Pop.  of  the  township,  926. 

Richmond,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  on  tb 
Yarra,  near  Melbourne.     Pop.  18,612. 

Richmond,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  on  its  N.  coast,  3^ 
miles  E.  of  Falmouth.     Pop.  6517. 

Richmond,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  occupying  thedJ 
portion  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  with  Isle  Madame,  an^ 
other  smaller  islands  adjoining.     Area,  622  square  mile 
Capital,  Arichat.     Pop.  14,268. 

Richmond,  Elgin  co.,  Ontario.    See  Bathah. 

Richmond,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec,  comj 
prises  an  area  of  556  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
river  St.  Francis  and  several  other  streams,  and  intersecte ' 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Richmond  East 
Pop.  11,213.  . 

Richmond,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  on  the  Coal  River,^ 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Hobart  Town.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  jailj 
and  some  inns.     Pop.  500. 

Richmond  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  sea  on  the  norther 
side  of  Prince  Edward   Island.     It  is   9  miles  wide,  and 
stretches  inland  10  miles  from  its  entrance,  almost  dividinl 
the  island,  leaving  a  narrow  reach  only  1  mile  in  width. 

Richmond  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co^ 
0.,  in  Richmond  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Jefferson 

Richmond  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  co 
Me.,  in  Richmond  township,  4^  miles  from  the  village  of 
Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond  (or  Scotch)  Corner,  a  post-village 
Carleton  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick 
Canada  Railway,  6  miles  W.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains 
custom-house.     Pop.  200. 

Richmond  Dale,  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Richmond. 

Richmond  East,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital 
the  CO.  of  Richmond,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  St.  Francis 
and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  76^  miles  E.  of  Mon^ 
treal.     A  bridge  spans  the  St.  Francis   and  connects  thi 
village  with  Melbourne.     It  contains,  besides  the  countj 


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buildings,  a  college,  meohanies*  institute,  newspaper  office, 
and  several  stores  and  hotels.  In  the  vicinity  there  are 
copper-mines.     Pop-  715. 

Richmond  Fur'nace,  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  oo., 
Mass.,  near  the  village  of  Richmond. 

Richmond  Furnace,  a  post-village  in  Metal  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  direct  W.  of  Cham- 
bersburg.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Mercersburg,  and  has  an  iron- 
furnaoo  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Hero  is  Richmond  Station. 

Richmond  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Jamaica  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island, 
^^^  miles  E.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 
^^H  Richmond  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 
I^^T  Richmond  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 

Richmond  Hill,  a  village  in  the  co.  of  York,  Ontario, 
16  miles  N.  of  Toronto,  and  3i  miles  from  the  Richmond  Hill 
Station  of  the  Northern  Railway.  It  is  admirably  situated 
for  manufactories,  has  good  water-power,  a  weekly  news- 
paper, a  mechanics'  institute,  a  county  high  school,  a  ladies' 
boarding-school,  4  churches,  an  agrioultural-implement- 
factory,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  784. 

Richmond  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  town- 
ship, Ontario  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  S.  by  E.of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Richmond  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ey., 
on  the  Paducah  &,  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Greenville. 

Richmond  Mines.    See  Port  Ricbkond. 

Richmond  River,  in  East  Australia,  enters  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean  about  60  miles  S.  of  Moreton  Bay. 

Richmond  Station,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co., 
Quebec,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  at  the 
junction  of  the  Montreal,  Quebec,  and  Portland  Branches 
of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  76  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  and 
96  miles  S.S.W.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  300. 

Richmond  Switch,  or  Wood  River  Junction, 
a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the  Stonington 
&  Providence  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Wood  River 
Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence. 

Richmond  Ter'minns,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Hal- 
ifax, Nova  Scotia,  on  Bedford  Basin,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Intercolonial  Railway,  2  miles  from  Halifax  Post-Office. 

contains  the  railway-offices  and  workshops.     Pop.  1000. 

Richmond  Val'ley,  a  station  in  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y., 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Rich'mondville,  a  post-village  of  SnnilsM  oo.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Huron,  40  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  83. 

Richm ondvill e ,  apost- village  in  Riohmondville  town- 
ship, Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cobleskill  Creek,  and  on  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a 
paper-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  graded  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  630;  of  township,  2109. 

Richmond  West,  a  village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Goodwood  River,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stittsville.  It 
has  4  churches,  3  hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  and  several 
saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  487. 

Rich  Mount'ain,  a  township  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  751. 

Rich  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  N.C. 

Rich  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  W.  Ya., 

1  miles  N.E.  of  Beverly. 

Richnow,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Rbichemau. 

Rich  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Rich  Point,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Ark. 

Rich  Pond  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  at  Rich  Pond  Sta- 
tion, 8  miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  high  school. 

Rich  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-office,  Morrison  oo.,  Minn. 

Rich  Square,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  N.C,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  3133. 

Richtenberg,  riK'tQn-b£RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Stralsund,  on  a  small  lake.     Pop.  1934. 

Richtensweil,  rlK't^ns-i^ir,  or  Richtersweil,  rlK'- 
tfrs-*ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  its  lake.     Pop.  3667. 

Rich'ton,  a  village  of  Cook  oo.,  HI.,  in  Rich  township, 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Chicago, 
and  1  mile  S.  of  Mattison.     It  has  8  oharohes. 

Rich  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wabash  River  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  about  10  miles 
E.  of  Peru.     It  had  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Rich  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  oo.,  Minn  ,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.     Near  it  are  3  ohurohes 


tn( 


I 


Rich  Valley,  a  township  of  McLeod  oo.,  Minn.  P.  697. 

Rich  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

RichWiew',  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Centralia, 
and  25  miles  N.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  bank, 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  and  castor 
oil.     Pop.  in  1890,  465. 

Richview,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  3jt  milef 
from  Malton.     Pop.  100. 

Rich'ville,  or  Fran'kenhilf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tos- 
cola  CO.,  Mich.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Vaasar. 

Richville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.,  60  mile* 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  kc. 

Richville,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.     See  Pembroke. 

Richville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y^ 
in  De  Kalb  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  1  mile 
from  Richville  Station  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  and  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  or  3 
saw-mills.     Pop.  about  600. 

Richville,  a  post- village  in  Perry  township.  Stark  co., 
0.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon,  and  about  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Richville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shoreham  township,  Ad- 
dison CO.,  Vt.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland,  and  2  miles  from 
East  Shoreham.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  butter-tubs. 

Rich'wood,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co..  111.     P.  1111. 

Richwood,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.     Pop.  1239. 

Rich  wood,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Richwood,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Becker  co., 
Minn.,  11  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  flonr- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  213. 

Richwood,  township,  McDonald  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  833. 

Richwood,  a  township  of  Miller  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1361. 

Richwood,  a  post-village  in  Claiborne  township.  Union 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  50  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  and  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dela- 
ware. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money -order  post-office, 
2  banks,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and 
woollen  yam.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Richwood,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  oo..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Richwood,  township,  Richland  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1140. 

Rich'wood,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Nith,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Buffalo 
division),  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  150. 

Richwoods,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Anderson. 

Richwoods,  a  post-village  in  Richwoods  township, 
Washington  co..  Mo.,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  2  churches.  Lead  is  mined  in  the  township.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1127. 

Rick'ardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Rick'er's  Mills,  a  station  in  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Montpelier. 

Rick'mansworth,  or  Rick'mersworth,  a  town 
of  England,  oo.  of  Herts,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Grand 
Junction  Canal,  10  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Albans.  Pop.  of 
parish,  5737,  most  employed  in  manufactures  of  silk,  hair- 
cloth, straw  plait,  paper,  and  flour. 

Rickreal,  rik-re-awl',  a  small  river  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon, 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River 
about  3  miles  above  Salem. 

Rickreal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Rickreal  River,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Salem. 

Ricks,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  111.     Pop.  1806. 

Rico,  ree'ko,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dolores  co..  Col., 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Silverton.     Pop.  in  1890,  1134. 

Ricocerno,  re-ko-s^R'no,  or  Ricovernovick,  re-ko 
vfiR'no-vik,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the  mountain-range 
between  Montenegro  and  DaJmatia,  flows  S.E.,  and  falls 
into  the  Lake  of  Scutari.     Length,  60  miles. 

Ricote,  re-ko't&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  N.W.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  1098. 

Ridderkerk,  rid'd^r-keRk^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  in  the  island  of  Ysselmonde,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  of  commune,  6149. 

Rid'dicksville,  a  post-office  of  Hertford  oo.,  N.C. 

Riddles,  rid'd^lz,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Weldon. 

Riddlesburg,  rid'dQlz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and 


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2278 


RIB 


in  the  Huntingdon  A  Broad  Top  Railroad,  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Huntingdon.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Riddle's  Cross  Roads,  post-ofi&ce,  Butler  co.,  Pa. 

Riddleton,  rid'd^l-tgn,  post-office,  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Riddleville,  rid'd§l-vil,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Ga.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Davisborough.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  200. 

Riddleville*  a  post-village  of  Karnes  oo.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Luling. 

Ridean  (reels')  Lake,  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  is  the 
summit-level  of  the  Bideau  Canal.  It  is  about  24  miles 
long,  averages  6  miles  in  breadth,  and  is  about  283  feet 
above  the  waters  of  the  Ottawa  on  one  side,  and  154  feet 
above  the  surface  of  Lake  Ontario  on  the  other,  and  has  its 
outlet  in  the  Ottawa  through  Hideau  River,  and  in  Lake 
Ontario  through  the  Cataraqui. 

Rideau  River  and  Canal,  in  Ontario,  connect 
Kingston  on  Lake  Ontario  with  the  Ottawa  River,  below 
the  Chaudifire  Falls.  The  canal  is  partly  formed  by  the 
Cataraqui  River,  which  flows  to  Kingston  from  Lake  Rideau, 
in  lat.  44°  40'  N.,  Ion.  76°  15'  W. 

Ri'der,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rider's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colombia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Kinderhook  Creek,  li  miles  from  Rider's  Mill  Station 
of  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  and  about  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Rider's  Mill  Station,  New  York.  See  Green  Brook. 

Ridge,  rlj,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  111.    Pop.  1056. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Dl.    Pop.  1139. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  111.     Pop.  940. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  495. 

Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md.,  about  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Point  Lookout. 

Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Pipe  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Mount  Morris,  and  about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Roches- 
ter.    It  has  a  church. 

Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  town- 
*hip,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dexter  City. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  1406. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  584. 

Ridge,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.    See  Ridge  Spring. 

Ridge,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     P.  1426. 

Ridgebnry,  rij'b§r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.. 
Conn.,  4  or  5  miles  S.W.  of  Danbury.    It  has  a  church. 

Ridgebury,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wawayanda  township,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Middletown.  It 
has  2  churches.  It  is  2i  miles  from  the  New  Jersey  Mid- 
land Railroad. 

Ridgebury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ridgebury  township,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y._    Pop.  of  the  township,  1476. 

Ridgedale,  rij'dal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Ridge  Farm,  a  post- village  in  Elwood  township,  Ver- 
milion CO.,  111.,  on  the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  Danville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Ridgefield,  rij'feeld,  a  post- village  in  Ridgefield  town- 
ship, Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Danbury  &  Norwalk  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Bethel,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Norwalk. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures 
of  spring  beds,  carriages,  and  leather.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  2236. 

Ridgefield,  a  post-village  in  Dorr  township,  McHenry 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  5i  miles  S.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ridgefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a 
large  summer  hotel  and  2  churches. 

Ridgefield,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
(Chicago  division),  4  miles  W.  of  Fostoria,  0. 

Ridgefield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  2533. 

Ridgefield  Park,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  Mid- 
land and  Jersey  City  &  Albany  Railroads,  Hi  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Jersey  City. 

Ridge  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  oo.,  Mass.,  in 
South  Scituate  township,  17  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has 
manufactures  of  shoes. 

Ridgeland,  rij'land,  a  hamlet  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in  Cicero 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  7i  miles 
W.  of  Chicago,  and  1  mile  from  Oak  Park  Post-Office. 


Ridgeland,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  aboat  12 
miles  N.  of  Ottawa. 

Ridgeley,  rij'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  oo..  Mo.,  3  miles 
from  Edgerton  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  furniture- 
factory.     Pop.  121. 

Ridgeley,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Ridgely,  rij'le,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co.,  HI. 

Ridgely,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Easton. 

Ridgely,  a  township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  361. 

Ridge  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rome  township,  2  miles  from  Rome.    It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Ridgeport,  rij'port,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Dodge  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal  is  found  here. 

Ridge  Post,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Ridge  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  111.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Ridge  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Boonville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Ridge  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  6^ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lockport. 

Ridge's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Ridge  Spring,  a  poat-office  of  Pitt  oo.,  N.C. 

Ridge  Spring,  a  village  and  station  of  Edgefield  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  43 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.     Here  is  Ridge  Post-Office. 

Ridgetown,  rij'tSwn,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co., 
Ontario,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thamesville.  It  contains  15 
stores,  a  woollen-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  several  churches 
and  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  a  soap-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Ridge  Val'ley,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  li 
miles  from  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad.  It  has 
3  churches  and  an  iron-furnace.  Ridge  Valley  Station  is 
8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Rome. 

Ridge  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  about  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Ridgeville,rlj'v!l,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Gilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Gilman. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Richmond  &  Fort  Wayne  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
&  St.  Louis  Railroads,  9  miles  N.  of  Winchester,  and  59  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and 
saw-mills.  Pop.  716.  Here  is  Ridgeville  College  (Free^J 
Will  Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1867. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-office  of  Swift  co.,  Minn. 

Ridgeville,  a  hamlet  of  Brookhaven  township,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of  Coram. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C. 

Ridgeville,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.  Pop.  764. 
It  contains  Ridgeville  Corners. 

Ridgeville,  or  Ridgeville  Centre,  a  village  of 
Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Ridgeville  township,  on  the  Lake  Shorej 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  several! 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1477.     It  contains  North] 
Ridgeville. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  about  18] 
miles  S.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colleton  oo.,  S.C,  on  thei 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It] 
has  a  church  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ridgeville,  a  hamlet  of  Moore  oo.,  Tenn.,  10  miles  | 
from  TuUahoma.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an] 
academy. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  oo.,  W.  Va.,  81 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Ridgeville,   a  post-hamlet  in   Ridgeville   township,] 
Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  about  36  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.     The] 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwesteri 
Railroad.     It  contains  Norwalk.     Pop.  of  township,  1146. 

Ridgeville,  rij'vil,  a  post- village  in  Monck  co.,  On- 
tario, Sj  miles  W.  of  Port  Robinson.     Pop.  100. 

Ridgeville  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ridgeville^ 
township,  Henry  co.,  0.,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Napoleon* 
It  has  2  churches. 

Ridgeway,  rij'wa,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,| 
Iowa,  in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Cresco,  and  10  or  11  mile«^ 
W.  of  Decorah.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc.     Pop. 
about  350. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  oo.,  Kansas,  inj 
Ridgeway  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  West«nii 


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2279 


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Ik 

W   T 


Bailroad,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lawrence,  and  about  15  miles 
S^.E.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  abounds  in 
the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1720. 

Ridgeway^  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  N.  boundary  of  Ridgeway  township,  4  miles.  E.  of  Te- 
oumseh,  and  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3 
churches  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  250;  of  township,  1059. 

Ridgeway,  or  Ridgeway  Station,  a  village  in 
Lenox  township,  Macomb  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Clair  &  Chicago  Air- 
Line,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Port 
Huron.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Michigan  Air-Line  Rail- 
road, and  is  an  important  shipping-point.  It  has  several 
churches,  an  elevator,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  The  name  of  its 
post-ofiSce  is  Lenox. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Pleasant  Hill  township,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Winona. 

Ridgeway,  a  poet-village  in  Ridgeway  township,  Or- 
leans CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ridge  Road,  near  the  Erie  Canal, 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Ridgeway  Comers.  Pop.  118.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  and  contains  the 
greater  part  of  the  large  village  of  Medina.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 5548.     Here  are  valuable  quarries  of  sandstone. 

Ridgeway,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  <fc  Gaston  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  large  hotel. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-village  in  Hale  township,  Hardin 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Marion  with  Belle- 
fontaine,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  a  church,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  several  stores. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  banking-house. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Reidsville  Station,  N.C.  It  has  3  churches  and  2 
tobacco-factories. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-township  of  Iowa  oo.,  Wis.,  about 

miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.     Pop.  2473. 

Ridgeway,  Ontario.    See  Point  Abijio. 

idgewood,  rlj'wood,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paterson, 
and  22  miles  from  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ridgewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  Here  are 
the  Brooklyn  Water- Works. 

Ridgway,  rlj'wa,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co..  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  &  Illinois  Southeastern  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Shawneetown.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Ridgway,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in 
Ridgway  township,  on  the  Clarion  River,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  118  miles  S.E.  of  Erie,  and  31 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Emporium.  It  contains  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  oflSces,  2  banks,  and  2  tanneries.  Leather, 
lumber,  and  coal  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  3241 ;  of  the  village,  1903. 

Ridicondoli,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Radicondoli. 

Rid'ley  Park,  a  post-village  in  Ridley  township, 
Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <k  Bal- 
timore Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  large  summer  hotel,  and  numerous  hand- 
acme  villas  and  residences. 

Ridley's  Station,  Vermont.     See  North  Duxbttrt. 

Rid'leyville,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ridley  township,  at  Moore's  Station,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ridott',  a  post- village  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in  Ridott 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad  (Free- 
port  Line),  7i  miles  E.  of  Freeport,  and  20i  miles  W.  of 
Rockford.  It  has  a  church,  6  stores,  and  an  active  trade  in 
grain,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1915. 

Ridnna,  the  ancient  name  of  Alderney. 

Ried,  reet,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  26  miles  S.  of 
Passau.  Pop.  4044.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and 
woollens,  and  a  brisk  transit  trade. 

Riedlingen,  reet'Iing-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Danube,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2144. 

Riegel,  ree'gh^l,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Eltz,  and  on 
the  Mannheim  A  Basel  Railway,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frei- 
burg.    Pop.  1162. 

RiegelsTille,  ree'gh^ls-vll,  a  post-village  of  Warren 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Phillipsburg.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  2  churches.  It  is 
connected  with  Riegelsville,  Pa.,  by  a  bridge. 

Riegel sville,  or  Reiglesnlle,  a  post-village  in 


Durham  township,  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
about  9  miles  below  Easton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. It  is  i  mile  from  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad,  at  Riegelsville,  N.J.     Pop.  about  300. 

Riegerschlag,  ree'gh?rs-shlio\  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  1107. 

Riehen,  ree'^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  3 
miles  N.E.  of  BaseL     Pop.  1799. 

Rieka,  re-k'kk,  a  town  of  Montenegro,  on  a  small  stream 
which  falls  into  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Scutari,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro. 

Rienzi,  re-en'ze,  a  post-village  of  Alcorn  oo..  Miss.,  oa 
the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Corinth,  and 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  money-order 

?ost-oflace,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  steam  grist-mills, 
'op.  estimated  at  500. 

Riesa,  ree'z&,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Dresden,  on 
the  Elbe,  and  on  the  Dresden  Railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Meissen.  Pop.  6707.  It  has  ship-yards  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  tapestry. 

Riesenbnrg,  ree'z^n-bSSRG^  (Polish,  Prahutha,  pr4- 
boo'ti),  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  11  miles  E.  of  Marien- 
werder.     Pop.  3542. 

Riesen-Gebirge,  ree^z^n-gh^h-bSSRo'^h  ("giant 
mountains"),  a  mountain-range  separating  Bohemia  from 
Prussian  Silesia,  continuous  E.  with  the  Sudeten-Gebirge, 
and  W.  with  the  Erz-Gebirge.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E., 
60  miles.  Principal  height,  the  Schneekoppe,  5394  feet  in 
elevation.     The  Elbe  rises  on  its  S.  side. 

Riesenkoppe,  Germany.    See  Schneekoppe. 

Riesi,  re-i'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles  S.  of  Caltanl- 
setta.     Pop.  11,548.     Near  it  are  some  sulphur-mines. 

Rietberg,  reet'bdRo,  or  Rittberg,  ritt'biRO,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden,  on 
the  Ems.     Pop.  1912. 

Rieti,  re-i'te  (anc.  Rea'te),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria, 
on  the  Velino,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  14,148.  It 
was  erected  into  a  bishopric  in  the  fifth  century,  and  its 
principal  edifices  are  ecclesiastical. 

Rienmes,  re-um',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hante-Garonne, 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muret.     Pop  1190. 

Rienpeyronx,  re-uh'piVoo',  a  town  of  France,  In 
Aveyron,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rodez. 

Rienx,  re-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  26 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1452. 

Rienx,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the 
Vilaine,  30  miles  E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1794. 

Rienx,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  arrondissement  of 
Cambrai.     Pop.  2206. 

Riez,  re-i'  (anc.  Reii),  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  2370. 

Ki'fle  River,  Michigan,  runs  southward  in  Ogemaw 
CO.,  and  southeastward  through  Bay  co.,  and  enters  Saginaw 
Bay  about  5  miles  E.  of  Arenac.    It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Rifton  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Esopus  township,  on  the  Wallkill,  2i  miles  from  Rosendale. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Riga,  ree'gi,  a  city  and  commercial  port  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Livonia,  on  the  Diina,  here  crossed  in  summer 
by  a  temporary  bridge  of  boats,  2400  feet  in  length,  about 
6  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Riga,  and  312  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Lat.  66°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  6'  30" 
E.  A  railway  138  miles  in  length  extends  from  Riga  to 
Diinaburg,  where  it  connects  with  the  great  line  of  railway 
from  St.  Petersburg  to  Warsaw.  The  city  is  situated  on  a 
sandy  flat,  surrounded  by  hills,  on  which  numerous  fine 
villas  make  a  showy  appearance.     It  consists  of  the  town 

? roper,  and  suburbs  more  extensive  than  the  town  itself, 
he  more  modern  parts  of  the  town  are  well  built.  Along 
the  river,  on  both  sides,  are  spacious  quays,  which  afford  ex- 
cellent promenades  ;  and  the  esplanade  and  gardens,  both 
within  and  near  the  town,  are  well  laid  out.  The  principal 
structures  are  the  cathedral,  rebuilt  in  1647 ;  the  church  of 
St.  Peter,  with  a  tower  440  feet  in  height ;  the  castle,  with 
a  chancery  and  residence  of  the  general  and  civil  governors, 
hall  of  the  provincial  states,  town  house,  exchange,  arsenal, 
and  a  magnificent  column  with  a  colossal  bronze  statue  of 
Victory,  erected  in  1817.  It  has  several  colleges,  a  school 
of  navigation  and  various  other  schools,  a  public  library, 
a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  an  observatory,  a  society 
of  Lithuanian  literature,  manufactories  of  cotton  cloth 
and  rugs,  sugar-refineries,  tobacco-factories,  and  brew- 
eries. The  inner  harbor  does  not  admit  vessels  drawing 
more  than  from  12  to  15  feet  of  water ;  ships  of  larger 
burden  load  and  unload  outside  of  the  bar  at  tne  mouth  of 
the  Diina,  where  is  the  custom-house.  Its  principal  mer< 
chants  are  of  German  descent.     Grain,  flax  and  flaxseed. 


i 


RIG 


2280 


RIM 


hemp,  wool,  hides,  tallow,  timber,  tobacco,  spars,  and  feathers 
are  the  chief  exports.     Fop.  in  1888,  195,668. 

Ri'ga,  a  post-village  in  Riga  township,  Lenawee  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  several  churches  and  a 
manufactory  of  staves.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2301. 

Riga;  or  Riga  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Riga  town- 
ship, Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  church  and  about  30  houses.  Here  is  Riga  Post-OflBce. 
The  township  contains  Churchville,  which  is  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1999. 

Rigaud,  ree^gS',  a  village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Vaudreuil, 
on  the  Riviire  k  la  Graisse,  46  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Rigaud  College  and  of  a  convent.     P.  250. 

Rig'don,  a  post-village  of  Madison  and  Grant  cos., 
Ind.,  in  4  townships,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anderson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  200. 

RiggS)  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sabula, 
Aokley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Delmar. 

Riggs'bee's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

Riggs'ton,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  111.,  on  the  Rock- 
ford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Win- 
chester. 

Riggs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Stone  oo.,  Ark.,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Batesville. 

Righi  Cnim,  ree'ghee  koolm,  or  Rigi*  ree'ghee,  a 
mountain  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  W.  of  Schwytz, 
between  the  lakes  of  Zug  and  Lucerne,  5905  feet  above  the 
sea.  It  is  ascended  by  a  steam  railway,  and  commands 
magnificent  views ;  on  its  summit  is  an  inn,  and  on  its  E. 
side,  a  chapel,  resorted  to  by  numerous  pilgrims. 

Rignac,  reen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1850. 

Rignano,  reen-y&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  B.S.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Amo.     Pop.  4538. 

Rignano,  a  village  of  Italy,  Naples,  province  of  Foggia. 
Pop.  2067. 

Rigny  le  Feron,  reen^yee'  l^h  f^h-rfts*',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Aube,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Troyes,     Pop.  1291. 

Rigolato,  re-go-lS,'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  38  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  1407. 

Rigolet  de  Bon  Dleu,  re^go^li'  d^h  boN»  d^-uh', 
Louisiana,  is  one  of  two  channels  into  which  Red  River 
divides,  about  5  miles  above  Natchitoches.  It  runs  south- 
eastward nearly  45  miles,  and  reunites  with  the  other 
channel,  or  main  river,  at  Colfax. 

RigOlets,  re^goMi',  a  post-office  of  Orleans  parish,  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  Mobile  &  Texas  Railroad,  31  miles 
E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Rigolets  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Jefferson  parish,  La.,  flows 
between  Lake  Washa  and  Little  Lake. 

Rigolets  Bayou,  of  Rapides  parish,  La.,  unites  with 
Red  River  a  little  above  Alexandria. 

Rigolets  Pass,  Louisiana,  a  narrow  navigable  channel 
or  outlet  by  which  Lake  Pontohartrain  communicates  with 
Lake  Borgne  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Rigyicza,  rid^yeet'sfih\  or  Hari  Leygen,  h&'ree 
ll'gh(}n,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bios.     Pop.  3200. 

Riha,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Jebicho. 

Rihursi,  re-h&r'see,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Pui^jab, 
on  the  Chenaub,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lahore.  Near  it  la 
one  of  the  strongest  forts  in  the  country. 

Rijanovka,  re-y&-nov'k&,  a  market-town  of  Russia, 
government  and  91  miles  S.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  1600. 

Rijn,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Rhine. 

Rijp,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Rtp. 

Rijsbergen,  Netherlands.     See  Rysbbrsen. 

Rijssel,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lille. 

Rijssen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ryssek. 

Rijswijk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  RrswiCK. 

Rilca,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Fiume. 

Ri'ker's  Hol'low,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira. 

Ri'iey,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Kan- 
sas River.  The  Republican  River  touches  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified 
by  upland  prairies  and  groves  of  trees.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is  limestone. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  division  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Man- 
hattan. Pop.  in  1870,  6105 ;  in  1880, 10,430 ;  in  1890, 13,183. 

Riley,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  McHenry  co..  111., 
•bout  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elgin.    Pop.  830. 


Riley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Riley  township,  Vigo  oo.,  Ind., 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1492. 

Riley,  a  township  of  Ringgold  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  320.  ' 

Riley,  a  plantation  of  Oxford  co..  Me.     Pop.  32. 

Riley,  a  post-township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  about  IS 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1163. 

Riley,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1576. 

Riley,  Butler  co.,  0.     See  Reilet. 

Riley,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  1084. 

Riley,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  1461. 

Riley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Manhattan. 

Riley  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mioh., 
on  Belle  River,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Port  Huron. 

Riley's,  a  station  on  the  Owensborough  &  Nashville 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Owensborough,  Ky. 

Riley's  Cross  Roads,  post-hamlet,  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 

Riley's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  »f  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Ri'leyville,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  111.,  33  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Shawneetown. 

Rileyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  11  miles 
N.  of  Honesdale.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rillaer,  ril'I&r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2000. 

Rille,  reel,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Orne  and 
Eure,  joins  the  estuary  of  the  Seine  on  the  left,  after  a  N. 
course  of  75  miles. 

Rilsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Rtlsk. 

Rimac,  re-m&k',  a  river  of  Peru,  enters  the  Pacific  at 
Callao,  4  miles  W.  of  Lima,  which  city  it  traverses.  Total 
course,  about  75  miles. 

Ri'inan,  a  post-office  of  Archer  co.,  Tex. 

Rima  Szombath,  ree'md,  som'b5t\  or  Gross  Stef- 
feledorf,  groce  stfiffgls-donr,  a  town  of  Hungary,  72 
miles  N.E.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Rima.     Pop.  4664. 

Rimbach,  rim'b&K,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Stark- 
enburg,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1703. 

Rimer,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     See  Reiuerton. 

Ri'mersburg,  or  Rei'mersburg,  a  post-borough  of 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Toby  township,  on  the  Sligo  Branch 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Sligo,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Franklin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  coal- 
mine.    Pop.  324. 

Rimini,  ree'me-ne,  or  Rimino,  ree'me-no  (anc.  Ari- 
minum),  a  city  of  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  about  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Forli,  at  the  junction  of  the  Flaminian  and 
^milian  Ways.  Lat.  44°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  33'  E.  Pop. 
9747.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built ;  its  principal 
edifices  are  a  cathedral  (one  of  the  finest  in  Italy),  and 
other  churches,  with  good  paintings,  town  hall,  government 
palace,  theatre,  Gambalunga  palace,  with  a  library  open  to 
the  public,  a  decaying  castle  of  the  Malatesta,  and  several 
remains  of  antiquity,  including  a  triumphal  arch,  and  a 
bridge  over  the  Marecchia,  both  built  under  Augustus,  and 
portion  of  an  amphitheatre.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  fish, 
and  manufactures  of  silk,  glass,  and  earthenwares.  Rimini 
is  a  bishop's  see. 

Rimitara,  re-me-t&'r&,  or  Rimitera,  re-me-ti'r&,  an 
island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Society  Islands.  Lat. 
22°  37'  S. ;  Ion.  116°  30'  W. 

Rim'mon,  or  Rum'mon,  a  village  of  Palestine,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jerusalem. 

Rimmon  of  Zeb'ulon,  or  Rum'maneh,  a  village 
of  Palestine,  6  miles  N.  of  Nazareth. 

Rimnik,  rim'nik,  also  called  Rymnic,  Slam-Rim- 
nik,  andRomnicuIn-  (orRomniciii-)  Sarat,  a  town 
of  Roumania,  on  the  Rimnik,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Bucharest. 
Pop.  6870. 

Rimnik,  or  Romnicn,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Aloota,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Bucharest,  and  48  miles  N.  of 
Slatina.     Pop.  6750. 

Rimont,  ree^m6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  on  a 
height,  16  miles  W.  of  Foix.     Pop.  1952. 

Rimouski,  nee^moos^Kee'  or  re-moos'kee,  a  county  of 
Quebec.  Area,  4931  square  miles.  The  St.  Lawrence  form! 
its  N.  boundary.     Capital,  Rimouski.     Pop.  27,418. 

Rimouski,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Quebec,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  county,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  54i  miles  below  RiviSr* 
du  Loup  en  Bas.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  cathe- 
dral, a  number  of  stores,  several  hotels,  &c.  Vessels  of  the 
largest  tonnage  load  here  with  timber  for  foreign  ports.  The 
sea-bathing  facilities  here  induce  a  large  number  of  health- 
seekers  to  visit  it  during  the  hot  season.  It  is  a  Cathohl 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  1186. 


RIM 


2281 


KIO 


Rimski'KorsakofT,  Pacific  Ooean.    See  Radokala. 

Rill,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  Rhine. 

Rinard,  ri'nard,  a  post-village  in  Bedford  township, 
Wayne  co.,  111.,  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Flora.  It  has  a  ohuroh 
and  a  graded  school. 

Rinard's  Mills,  a  post-ofEioe  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

RinVon',  a  post-village  of  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mex- 
ico, about  160  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col.  Elevation,  7418 
feet.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Rincon  de  Soto,  rin-ksn'  d&  so'to,  a  town  of  Spain, 

17  miles  S.  of  Logrofio,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1415. 
Rinde,  rind,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  the  division  of 

Agra,  45  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  that  name,  flows  S.S.E., 
and,  after  a  course  of  166  miles,  joins  the  Jumna  12  miles 
W.  of  Futtehpoor. 

Rindge,  rlnj,  a  post-village  in  Rindge  township,  Chesh- 
ire CO.,  N.H.,  2  miles  from  Rindge  Station  of  the  Monadnock 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Peterborough,  and  about  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boxes,  wooden-ware,  &o.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1107. 
Rindge  Station  is  at  West  Rindge. 

Ri'neyTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ej.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  41  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Louisville. 

Ring,  a  post-office  of  AVinnebago  co..  Wis. 
Ringars'ga,  or  Dunnegal',  a  small  island  of  Ire- 
|t|and,  CO.  of  Cork,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Skibbereen. 

Ringelsdorf,  ring'^ls-doRr,  a  village  of  Austria,  40 
I  miles  N.E.  of  Vienna,  where  the  Thaya  joins  the  March. 

Ringelshain,  ring'^ls-hin^  a  village  of  Bohemia,  5 
[miles  from  Gabel.     Pop.  1218. 

Ringgenberg,  rink'^n-bSRO^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 

mton  and  27  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 

Jrienzer-See.     Pop.  1141. 

Ring'gold,  a  southern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 

'  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.     It  is  in- 

Itersected  by  the  Platte  River,  and  also  drained  by  two  or 

three  forks  of  Grand  River.     The  surface  is  undulating. 

VThe  soil  is  fertile,     Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle 

are  the  staple  products.     The  land  is  chiefly  prairie.     This 

^.county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy 

Railroad,  and  other  railroads.     Capital,  Mount  Ayr.    Pop. 

.in  1870,  5691 ;  in  1875, 7546 ;  in  1880, 12,085;  in  1890, 13,556. 

Ringgold,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  about  75 

►miles  E.S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Ringgold,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Catoosa  co.,  Ga., 
I  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Dalton,  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  and  a  masonic  institute.  Pop.  438. 
Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  about 

18  miles  E.  of  Goshen. 

Ringgold,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa. 

Ringgold,  a  post-village  of  Bienville  parish.  La., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  seminary. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  9  or 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hagerstown.  It  is  near  the  W.  base  of 
the  Blue  Ridge.     Pop.  156. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  79. 

Ringgold,  a  village  in  Walnut  township,  Pickaway 
CO.,  0.  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Circleville.  Pop.  121.  Post- 
office,  East  Ringgold. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ringgold  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Pa.,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  church,  a 
foundry,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  of  township,  1006. 

Ringgold,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    See  New  Ringgold. 

Ringgold,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Clarksville. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  5i  miles  E.  of  Dan- 
ville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ringkiobing,  or  Ringkjobing,  ring'k'yb'bing,  a 
seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland,  and 
on  the  E.  side  of  Ringkiobing-Fiord,  56  miles  N.W.  of 
Ribe.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco,  leather,  and  sugar, 
and  a  good  general  trade.     Pop.  1646. 

Ringkiobing-Fiord,  ring'k'y6*bing-fe-ord',  alagoon 
of  Denmark,  28  miles  in  length  by  9  miles  in  breadth.  It 
is  separated  from  the  North  Sea  by  a  narrow  strip  of  land. 

R'ingoes,  ring'goz,  a  post-village  in  East  Amwell  town- 
ship, Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Flemington  Branch  of 
the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lambert- 
ville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Ringo's  (ring'goz)  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Fleming 
144 


00.,  Ky.,  13  miles  from  Flemingsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ringo's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Kirksville. 

Ringsend,  ring'zdnd,  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  1} 
miles  E.  of  Dublin  Castle.  It  adjoins  Irishtown,  and  has 
a  bridge  across  the  Dodder,  and  various  docks. 

Ring's  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Merrimao  River,  opposite 
Newburyport. 

Ringsted,  ring'st&l,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  island 
of  Seeland,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1869. 

Ring'town,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  on  Catawissa  Creek,  and  on  the  Catawissa  A 
Williamsport  Railroad,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Ring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worthington  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Ringville,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa. 

Ring'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Southampton,  on  the  Avon,  and  on  the  Dor- 
chester Branch  of  the  Southwestern  Railway. 

Ring'wood,  a  post-hamlet  in  McHenry  township, 
McHenry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory. 

Ringwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pompton  township,  Pas- 
saic CO.,  N.J.,  near  Greenwood  Lake,  and  on  the  Ringwood 
Branch  of  the  Montclair  <fc  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  38 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York  City.     Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

Ringwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles 
from  Enfield,  and  about  52  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  stores. 

Ringwood,  a  post- village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  2i 
miles  from  Stouffville.     Pop.  130. 

Ringwood  Junction,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Ringwood  Branch,  3  miles  S.  of  Ringwood,  and 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greenwood  Lake  Station. 

Ringwood  Mines,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Montclair  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark. 

Ringwood  River  rises  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southward  through  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  and  unites  near 
Pompton  with  the  Pequannock  to  form  the  Pompton  River. 

Rink'elville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Rinkenis,  rin'k^h-nis,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sles- 
wick,  on  the  N.  side  of  Flensborg  Fiord,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Flensburg.     Pop.  1067. 

Rinkjobing,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Ringkiobing. 

Rinteln,  rin'tdln,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Weser,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Minden.     P.  3668. 

Rio,  ree'o,  a  Spanish  and  Portuguese  word  signifying 
"  river,"  forming  the  prefix  to  numerous  names.  For  names 
with  this  prefix  not  found  below,  see  the  additional  name. 

Rio,  a  city  and  bay  of  Brazil.     See  Rio  Janeiro. 

Rio,  ri'o,  a  post-village  of  Knox  oo.,  111.,  in  Rio  town- 
ship, on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Monmouth,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Gales- 
burg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1133. 

Rio,  a  post-office  of  Hart  oo.,  Ey.,  on  Green  River,  10 
miles  from  Munfordville. 

Rio,  a  hamlet  of  Eemper  co..  Miss.,  20  miles  N.  of 
Meridian.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Rio,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  township,  Columbia  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Rio  Animas,  Colorado.    See  Animas  River.  • 

Rio  Arriba,  ree'o  ar-ree'si,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 

Sart  of  New  Mexico,  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  del 
forte.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  table- 
lands, and  valleys.  The  soil  mostly  requires  irrigation  to 
render  it  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  wool  are  the 
staples.  Area,  7150  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Ilailroad.  Capital,  Tierra  Amarilla. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9294;  in  1880,  11,023;  in  1890,  11,534. 

Riobamba,  or  Nuevo  Riobamba,  nw&'vo  re-o- 
B&m'b&,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  84  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil, 
and  9  miles  from  the  ruins  of  Old  Riobamba,  which  is  at 
the  foot  of  Chimborazo  and  was  destroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake in  1797.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  20,000. 

Rio  Bonito,  ree'o  bo-nee'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Rio  Branco,  ree'o  br&n'ko  (i.e.,  "white  river"),  or 
Parima,  p&-ree'm&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Par£, 
rises  near  the  source  of  the  Orinoco,  in  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  64° 
W.,  runs  at  first  E.,  to  its  junction  with  the  Takutu.  and 


RIO 


2282 


RIO 


thence  flows  mostly  8.S.W.  to  the  Rio  Negro,  which  it  joins 
as  its  principal  affluent,  by  several  mouths,  70  miles  S.E. 
of  Barcellos.  Total  course,  700  miles.  The  principal  trib- 
utaries are  the  Takutu  and  Catrimani.  In  lat.  1°  45'  N. 
its  navigation  is  impeded  by  a  series  of  falls  and  rapids 
formed  by  ledges  of  granite  rock.  The  aggregate  perpen- 
dicular descent  of  these  throughout  7  miles  is  estimated 
at  60  feet.  Its  waters  are  opaque  and  whitish,  whence  its 
name.  The  upper  part  of  the  river  San  Miguel,  in  Brazil, 
has  the  same  name. 
Rio  Bravo  del  Norte^  America.  See  Bio  Grande. 
Rio  Carabelle,  ree'o  k&-r&-bSl',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  "W.  end  of  James  Island,  in  Dog 
Island  Harbor,  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  about  60  miles  S.S.  W. 
of  Tallahassee. 

Rio  Caribe,  ree'o  ki-ree'ni,  a  seaport  of  Venezuela, 
on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  80  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cumand. 

Rio  ChicO)  ree'o  chee'ko,  a  seaport  of  Venezuela,  state 
of  Bolivar,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  4940. 
Rio  Colorado.    See  Colorado  Riveb. 
Rio  ConeJoS)  ree'o  ko-n4'Hoce,  a  river  of  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  runs  E.  and  N.E.  through 
San  Luis  Park,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande. 

Rio  Culebra^  ree'o  koo-li'bri,  a  small  river  of  Col- 
orado, drains  the  S.  part  of  Costilla  co.,  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, and  enters  the  Rio  Grande. 

Rio  das  Mortes,  ree'o  d&s  moR'tSs,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Matto-GroBSO,  joins  the  Araguay.  Course,  N.  and 
E.,  500  miles. 

Rio  das  Mortes^  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  state 
of  Minas-Geraes,  and  joins  the  Rio  Grande  on  the  right, 
near  the  village  and  port  of  Macaia.  Length,  120  miles. 
Rio  de  Contas,  ree'o  di,  kon't&s,  a  small  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  230  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bahia,  near  the  head 
of  the  river  Contas  or  Jussiape,  which  flows  E.  220  miles 
to  the  Atlantic. 
Rio  de  Fuerte,  a  river  of  Mexico.  See  Pdertb. 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  ree'o  dk  zh&-n&'e-ro,  the  metropoli- 
tan state  of  Brazil,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  state  of 
Espirito  Santo,  the  Parahiba,  and  the  Serra  da  Manti- 
queira,  which  separates  it  from  Minas-Geraes ;  on  the  W. 
and  S.W.  by  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo ;  and  on  the  S.  and 
E.  by  the  Atlantic.  Area,  26,634  square  miles,  including 
the  munieipio  neutro  which  surrounds  the  capital.  Lat.  21° 
15'  to  22°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  41°  to  44°  50'  W.  The  surface  is  low 
along  the  coast ;  the  interior  is  mostly  mountainous,  con- 
sisting of  the  Serra  do  Mar,  Organ  Mountains,  and  their 
ramifications.  The  principal  river  is  the  Parahiba.  The 
soil  is  extremely  fertile.  The  products  comprise  sugar, 
coffee,  cacao,  cotton,  maize,  rice,  indigo,  and  fine  woods. 
After  the  capital,  Rio  Janeiro  Cor  Rio  de  Janeiro),  the 
principal  towns  are  Macahe,  Cantagallo,  Niotheroy,  and 
Rezende.  Pop.  (1888)  1,164,468.  See  Rio  Janeiro. 
Rio  de  la  Hacha,  South  America.  See  Rio  Hacha. 
Rio  de  la  Pasion,  ree'o  dk  1& pi-se-on',  a  river  which 
rises  in  Lake  Lacantun,  in  Balize,  flows  W.,  and  72  miles 
N.W.  of  Coban  (Guatemala),  having  been  joined  by  the 
rivers  Izabel,  Mantaquece,  and  Sacapulas,  acquires  the 
name  of  Usomasinta  (which  see). 

Rio  de  la  Plata,  ree'o  dk  Id.  pl&'t&,  or  the  Plate 
River,  one  of  the  great  rivers,  or  rather  a  great  estuary, 
of  South  America,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Parand 
and  Uruguay  Rivers,  in  lat.  34°  S.,  Ion.  58°  30'  W.,  its 
basin  lying  S.  of  those  of  the  Amazon,  Tocantins,  and  Sao 
Francisco,  and  its  numerous  tributaries  draining  most  part 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay  terri- 
tories, with  considerable  portions  of  Bolivia  and  Brazil. 
The  eStuary  resulting  from  theit  union  is  200  miles  in  length 
from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  where  it  joins  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
is  170  miles  across.  Its  muddy  waters  can  be  traced  in  the 
ocean  200  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  total  length  of  the 
La  Plata,  Parang,  and  Paraguay  has  been  estimated  at 
nearly  2500  miles ;  and  from  the  ocean  to  the  island  of 
Apipe,  in  the  Parang,  at  least  1250  miles,  there  is  a  con- 
tinuous safe  navigation.  The  Aguapehi,  an  affluent  of  the 
Paraguay,  near  lat.  15°  40'  S.,  Ion.  59°  20'  W.,  is  separated 
only  by  a  portage  of  3  miles  from  the  Alegre,  a  tributary 
of  the  GuaporS,  and  were  a  canal  to  be  made  to  connect  the 
two  streams,  a  complete  system  of  internal  navigation 
throughout  nearly  all  South  America  would  exist. 

Rio  de  las  Casas  Grandes,  ree'o  d^  l&s  k&'s&s 
grin'dSs,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chihuahua,  enters 
Lake  Guzman  after  a  N.  course  of  100  miles.  On  it,  towards 
its  source,  is  the  ruined  town  called  Casas  Grandes. 

Rio  Dell,  ree'o  del,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  Eel  River,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Rio  del  Norte,  Texas.     See  Rio  Grande. 


Rio  de  los  Americanos.     See  American  River. 

Rio  de  los  Martires,  ree'o  di  looe  maR'te-rfis,  or 
River  of  Martyrs,  a  river  of  California,  rises  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  state,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  S.W.  course, 
falls  into  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  about  33°  20'  N.  lat. 

Rio  de  los  Mimbres,  ree'o  di  loce  meem'brSs,  rises 
in  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  runs  southward  into  the  Mecican 
state  of  Sonora,  and  enters  Guzman  Lake. 

Rio  del  Rey,  ree'o  dfil  ri,  a  large  shallow  bay  in  the 
Bight  of  Biafra,  in  Guinea,  E.  of  the  Old  Calabar  River, 
and  opposite  the  island  of  Fernando  Po. 

Rio  de  San  Juan,  ree'o  di  s&n  Hoo-&n',  rises  in  the 
Sierra  San  Juan,  in  Colorado,  flows  southwestward  into 
Taos  CO.,  New  Mexico,  next  runs  nearly  W.,  and  enters 
Utah  at  its  southeastern  corner.  It  irrigates  the  eastern 
part  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  and  joins  the  Colorado  River  in  the 
same  county.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  350  miles. 

Rio  de  Sfto  Lonren^o,  Brazil.    See  Porrudos. 

Rio  de  Segovia,  Nicaragua.    See  Cape  River. 

Rio  de  Sueiro  da  Costa,  Africa.    See  Bassam. 

Rio  de  Tres-Barras,  Brazil.    See  Tres-Barra)| 

Rio  Doce,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Doce. 

Rio  Dolores,  Colorado.     See  Dolores. 

Rio  do  8  Forcados,  ree'o  doce  foR-ki'doce,  a  river 
of  Western  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  falling  into  the  Bight  of 
Benin  in  lat.  5°  22'  N.,  Ion.  6°  19'  15"  E,  The  bar  at  its 
mouth  is  1  mile  broad,  3  miles  long,  and  carries  13  feet  at 
low  water.  Forcados  is  considered  the  most  accessible 
estuary  on  the  coast,  with  a  noble  sound  of  smooth  water, 
5  fathoms  deep,  immediately  within  the  bar. 

Rio  Dnlce,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Dulce. 

Rio  Dulce,  ree'o  dool'si  (i.e.,  "sweet  river"),  the  out- 
let of  the  Golfo  Dulce,  in  Honduras,  enters  the  Caribbean 
Sea  in  lat.  15°  50'  N.,  Ion.  88°  46'  20"  W.,  after  a  winding 
course  of  23  miles,  during  which  it  expands  into  El  Golfete, 
or  the  Little  Gulf,  9  miles  in  length,  by  2  miles  across.  The 
Upper  Rio  Dulce  enters  the  gulf  from  the  W. 

Rio  Formoso,  Africa.    See  Benin  River. 

Rio  Frio,  ree'o  free'o  (i.e.,  "cold  river"),  a  river  of 
Texas,  flows  S.E.  through  a  part  of  Bexar  co.,  and  enters 
Rio  Nueces  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Nueces  co. 

Rio  Frio,  ree'o  free'o,  a  post-office  of  Uvalde  co.,  Tex. 

Rio  Gordo,  ree'o  goR'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, province  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2871. 

Rio  Grande,  ree'o  grin'di,  a  river  of  West  Africa,  in 
Senegambia,  rises  in  Foota-Jallon,  near  Labee,  lat.  11° 
20'  N.,  Ion.  11°  W.  It  flows  W.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic 
by  an  estuary  10  miles  across,  between  the  Nu&ez  and  Casa- 
manza  Rivers.  It  communicates  by  an  arm  with  the  Jeba 
River,  20  or  30  miles  farther  N.  On  it  is  the  town  of  Kade, 
and  opposite  its  mouth  are  the  Bissagos  Islands.  Its  banks 
are  densely  wooded,  and  studded  with  immense  ant-hills. 
The  country  watered  by  it  is  populous,  and  produces  gold, 
ivory,  wax,  hides,  and  horses.     See  Jeba. 

Rio  Grande,  ri'o  gr&nd  (Sp.  pron.  ree'o  grin'di), 
Rio  del  Norte,  ri'o  dfl  nort,  or  ree'o  di\  nor'ti,  Rio 
Grande  del  Norte  (Sp.  pron.  ree'o  grin'di  dfll  noR'ti, 
"  Great  River  of  the  North"),  or  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte 
(Sp.  pron.  ree'o  bri'vo  dSl  noR'ti,  i.e.,  "  Rapid  River  of 
the  North"),  a  large  river  of  North  America,  rises  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Colorado,  near  lat.  37°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  107° 
30'  W.  Its  source  is  in  the  San  Juan  Mountains,  near  the 
Rio  Grande  Pyramid.  "The  Rio  Grande,"  says  Prof. 
Hayden,  "  from  its  source  in  the  San  Juan  Mountains  to 
Albuquerque,  flows  along  its  banks  through  basaltic  rocks 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent."  It  flrst  runs  eastward  to  the 
village  of  Del  Norte,  below  which  it  turns  to  the  right.  It 
flows  southeastward  and  southward  through  the  middle 
of  the  vast  and  fertile  San  Luis  Park  or  Valley.  It  next 
enters  New  Mexico,  in  which  its  direction  is  nearly  south- 
ward. It  traverses  a  high  and  arid  table-land  nearly  des- 
titute of  timber,  and  receives  no  large  affluent  in  a  distance 
of  600  miles  or  more.  After  it  has  crossed  the  southern 
boundary  of  New  Mexico  it  runs  southeastward  and  forms 
the  entire  boundary  between  the  state  of  Texas  and  the 
republic  of  Mexico.  It  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Texas,  about  lat.  26°  N.  The  volume  of 
water  discharged  by  this  river  is  small  in  proportion  to  its 
length,  which  is  estimated  at  1800  miles.  It  is  generally  a 
shallow  stream,  as  its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  sand- 
banks or  rapids.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  nearly 
500  miles.  It  has  no  large  affluent  except  the  Rio  Pecos. 
The  area  drained  by  the  Rio  Grande  is  computed  to  bo 
240,000  square  miles.  It  descends  about  7000  feet  between 
San  Luis  Park  (which  is  about  100  miles  from  its  source) 
and  its  mouth.  The  altitudes  of  several  points  above  tht 
sea-level  are— at  Peila  Blanca  5288  feet,  at  Albuquerau* 


RIO 


2283 


lilO 


I 


6026  feet,  and  at  Socorro  4560  feet.    The  region  traversed 
by  this  river  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  by  several  heads 
near  Coohabamba,  flows  E.  and  N.,  separating  the  depart- 
ments of  Coohabamba  and  Santa  Cruz  from  those  of  Oruro 
and  Chuquisaoa,  Ac,  and  near  lat.  15°  10'  S.  receives  the 
Chapari,  after  which  it  is  called  the  Mamore. 
Rio  Grande,  Central  America.    See  Hondo. 
Rio  Grande,  ree'o  gr&n'di,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  Serra  da  Mantiqueira,  in  the  S.  of  the  state  of  Minaa- 
•Geraes,  near  the  frontiers  of  the  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
nd,  flowing  first  N.,  then  W.N.W.,  through  Minas-Qeraes 
the  frontiers  of  Sao  Paulo,  when  it  receives  the  Sapu- 
ihi,  thence  pursaes  a  W.  course,  receiving  the  Pard,  and 
Joins  the  Paranahiba  to  form  the  Parand,  after  a  direct 
[course  of  about  600  miles. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Sao  Francisco. 
its  whole  course  is  about  250  miles,  of  which  no  less  than 
130  miles  may  be  navigated. 
Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Brazil.  See  Potengi. 
Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Mexico,  states  of  Queretaro, 
Guanajuato,  Michoacan,  and  Jalisco,  enters  the  Pacific  at  San 
[Bias,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  400  miles  across  the  Anahuac 
table-land.  It  is  greatly  interrupted  by  cataracts,  and  is 
very  rapid.     It  traverses  a  part  of  the  Lake  of  Chapala. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  the  Mosquito  Territory,  in 
Nicaragua,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  30  miles  N.  of  Pearl 
Lagoon.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  200  miles. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  N.W.  of  Panama,  about  2  miles  from  which  city  it 
enters  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  navigable  for  the  last  5 
miles  of  its  course.     Its  head  is  near  the  Obispo. 

Rio  Grande,  ree'o  grin'di,  a  county  in  the  S.  part 
of  Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  1260  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  River.  It  comprises  part 
of  the  San  Luis  Valley  and  of  the  Sierra  San  Juan.  Among 
its  prominent  features  is  Pintada  Peak,  13,176  feet  high. 
This  county  has  rich  mines  of  gold  and  silver.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  adapted  for  pasturage.  Capi- 
tal, Del  Norte.     Pop.  in  1880,  1944;  in  1890,  3451. 

Rio  Grande,  ri'o  grand,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J,,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of  Cape 
May.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Rio  Grande,  a  post-hamlet  in  Raccoon  township, 
Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  the  Rio  Grande  College. 

Rio  Grande  (ree'o  grin'di)  City,  a  post- village,  cap- 
ital of  Starr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  100  miles 
above  Brownsville,  and  220  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  of  San 
Antonio.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place, 
which  is  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  2  churches.  It  has 
an  extensive  trade  in  hides  and  wool.  Spanish  is  spoken 
by  nearly  all  the  inhabitants.  Pop.  in  1890,  1968. 
Rio  Grande  de  Jiyuy.  See  Jujuy  River. 
Rio  Grande  de  la  Plata,  Bolivia.  See  Guapai. 
Rio  Grande  do  Belmonte.  See  Jequitinhonha. 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  ree'o  grin'di  do  noR'ti  (t.e., 
"  Rio  Grande  of  the  North"),  a  state  of  Brazil,  situated 
between  lat.  4°  32'  and  7°  18'  S.  and  Ion.  35°  and  38°  40' 
W.,  having  N.  and  E.  the  Atlantic.  Area,  22,195  square 
miles.  Its  name  is  derived  from  a  river,  which,  after  an 
E.  course,  enters  the  Atlantic  at  Natal.  The  other  rivers 
are  the  Serido  and  Appodi.  The  surface  is  level  near  the 
coast,  but  uneven  inland.  The  products  comprise  the  best 
Brazil-wood,  cotton,  sugar,  rice,  drugs,  salt,  and  large  num- 
bers of  cattle.  Besides  Natal,  the  capital,  it  contains  the 
towns  of  Vilia-Flor,  Arez,  Anacu,  Porto  Alegre,  Villanova 
da  Princeza,  and  Villanova  do  Principe.     Pop.  308,852. 

Rio  Grande  do  Snl,  ree'o  grin'di  do  sool  (i.e.,  "Rio 
Grande  of  the  South"),  or  Sfto  Pedro,  sSww  pi'dro,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  a  state  of  the  same  name,  on  a  low 
peninsula  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lago  de  los  Patos,  with 
a  light-house  in  lat.  32°  7'  S,,  Ion.  52°  8'  W.  Pop.  20,000. 
From  its  low  situation  it  is  subject  to  inundation,  but  it 
has  a  good  port  and  a  large  trade. 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  or  Sfto  Pedro  do  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  also  called  Sfto  Pedro,  a  state  in 
the  extreme  S.  of  Brazil,  having  the  Atlantic  on  the  E., 
Uruguay  on  the  S.W.,  and  the  Argentine  Republic  on  the 
N.W.  Area,  91,335  square  miles.  It  is  generally  fertile, 
with  a  iraried  surface,  and  has  great  resources  in  minerals, 
timber,  and  pasturage.  Capital,  Porto  Alegre.  P.  564,527. 
Rio  Grande  Pyr'amid,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
San  Juan  Range,  in  lat.  37°  40'  50"  N.,  Ion.  107°  23'  21" 
W.  Its  altitude  is  13,773  feet.  It  is  formed  of  trachyte 
and  basalt,  the  highest  portion  being  a  cap  of  basalt  600 
feet  thick.     Its  pyramidal  form  is  almost  perfect. 


Rio  Hacha,  ree'o  &'ch&  (or  h&'ch&),  or  Rio  de  la 
Hacha,  ree'o  d&  1&  &'ch&,  a  river  of  South  America,  in 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  90  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Santa  Marta,  after  a  N.  course  of  120  miles. 

Rio  Hacha,  a  town  of   the  republic  of   Colombia, 
200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cartagena,  in  lat.  11°  33'  N.,  Ion.  72° 
52'  30"  W.,  with  a  small  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Hacha  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.     Pop.  2500. 
Rio  Hondo,  Central  America.    See  Hondo. 
Rio  Hondo,  Texas.    See  Hondo  Creek. 
Rioja,  or  Rioxa,  re-o'H&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, about  8  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  1069. 
Rioja,  Argentine  Republic.    See  La  Rioja. 
Rioja,  La,  1&  re-o'ni,  Spain,  is  a  region  comprising 
most  of  the  province  of  Logrono  and  part  of  Soria.     It  is 
not  a  political  division,  and  is  named  from  the  Oja,  an 
affluent  of  the  Ebro. 

Rio  Janeiro,  rl'o  ja-nee'ro,  or  Rio  de  Janeiro 
(Port.  pron.  ree'o  dd,  zhi-n4'ro),  often  called  simply  Rio, 
ri'o,  the  capital  of  Brazil,  and  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant city  of  South  America,  is  beautifully  situated  on 
the  W.  side  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  Lat.  of  Fort  Villa- 
ganhao,  22°  54[  7"  S. ;  Ion.  43°  9'  W.  Its  port,  which  is 
large  and  deep,  is  defended  by  a  castle.  It  consists  of  an  old 
and  a  new  town,  the  latter  being  separated  from  the  former  by 
an  open  space,  called  the  Campo  do  Honra.  Streets  generally 
straight,  but  narrow  and  ill  paved.  It  is  so  placed  as  to  be 
deprived  of  the  benefit  of  the  land-breeze  by  a  range  of 
mountains,  and  is  exposed  to  sufibcating  heat,  relieved  only 
by  the  sea-breeze  in  the  middle  of  the  day.  The  city  is 
supplied  with  water  by  means  of  an  aqueduct  which  trav- 
erses a  deep  valley  7  miles  in  length,  and  has  numerous 
public  fountains.  The  churches,  of  which  there  are  up- 
wards of  60,  have  no  external  elegance,  but  are  richly 
decorated  in  the  interior.  The  chief  public  edifices  are  the 
former  imperial  palace,  a  plain  brick  building,  the  naval  and 
military  arsenal,  a  public  hospital,  with  accommodations 
for  1200  patients,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.  Its  educational 
establishments  are  the  college  of  Sao  Joz6,  an  academy  of 
fine  arts,  a  cadet  school,  schools  of  medicine  and  surgery, 
military  and  naval  academy,  and  many  public  schools.  The 
national  library  has  120,000  printed  volumes,  and  valuable 
MSS.  Rio  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  the  residence  of  a  gov- 
ernor, and  the  seat  of  an  electoral  college;  it  has  many 
scientific  establishments,  a  museum  of  natural  historv  rich 
in  ornithology  and  mineralogy,  an  alcala  or  theatre,  and  a 
public  botanic  garden.  From  its  position,  Rio  is  naturally 
the  great  mart  of  Brazil,  and  especially  of  the  states  of 
Minas-Geraes,  SSo  Paulo,  and  Goyaz,  and  its  advantages  are 
such  as  to  fit  it  for  concentrating  the  commerce  of  the 
globe.  Its  imports  comprise  the  products  of  every  country ; 
its  chief  exports  are  cotton,  sugar,  cofi'ee,  rum,  building- 
timber,  leather,  tallow,  gold,  diamonds,  topazes,  amethysts, 
and  aquamarine.  It  is  the  terminus  of  several  lines  of  rail- 
way. The  Bay  or  Inlet  of  Rio,  17  miles  in  length  and  11 
miles  in  extreme  width,  forms  one  of  the  noblest  harbors 
in  the  world.  Its  entrance,  2  miles  S.  of  the  city,  is  li 
miles  wide  between  Fort  Santa  Cruz  on  the  E.  and  a  fort 
on  the  Sugar  Loaf  rock  on  the  W.  The  bay  contains  many 
small  islands,  the  largest  of  which  is  Ilha  do  Governador, 
6  miles  in  length.  Pop.  in  1888,  406,958.  Mean  tem- 
perature, January,  80°.2;  July,  67°.l  Fahr.  See  Rio  db 
Janeiro. 

Rio  Jaquesila,  New  Mexico.    See  YaquesUiA. 

Rio  Leona,  a  river  of  Texas.    See  Leona. 

Rio  lilano,  ree'o  I&'no,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  risei 
in  Bexar  co.  and  flows  E.  into  the  Colorado. 

Rio  liObos,  ree'o  lo'soce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura,  about  40  miles  from  Caceres.     Pop.  1168. 

Riols,  re-ol',  a  village  of  France,  in  H6rault,  arron- 
dissement  of  Saint-Pons.     Pop.  1121. 

Riom,  re-6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Ddme,  8 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.  Pop.  10,004.  It  ia 
well  built,  and  paved  mostly  with  basalt  and  lava  from  the 
quarries  of  Volvic.  It  has  a  communal  oollego,  a  library, 
and  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  brandy, 
leather,  silk  goods,  and  tobacco. 

Rio  Maggiore,  ree'o  m4d-jo'r&,  a  village  of  Italy,  5 
miles  W.  of  La  Spozia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  2961. 

Rio  Mayor,  ree'o  mi-on',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Es- 
tremadura,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3688. 

Rion  or  Rioni  River,  Russia.    See  Pbasis. 

Rio  Negro,  ree'o  ni'gro,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, South  America,  tributary  to  the  Vermejo. 

Rio  Negro,  or  Sauces,  s6w'sAs,  a  river  of  South 
America,  now  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  but  formerly  the 
boundary  between  it  and  Patagonia.     It  appears  to  rise  in 


mo 


2284 


RIP 


a  lake  at  tbe  foot  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  and,  after  an  E. 
course  of  600  or  700  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in 
lat.  41°  4'  S.,  Ion.  6^°  50'  W.,  90  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Colorado.  Its  bed  abounds  with  shoals  and 
islands ;  its  course  is  rapid,  and  the  soil  of  its  banks,  in 
the  lower  part  of  its  course,  is  fertile. 

Kio  Negro,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Paraguay, 
joins  the  Tebiquary  in  lat.  26°  25'  S. 

Kio  Negro,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Colombia, 
flows  S.W..  and  falls  into  the  Magdalena  in  lat.  2°  38'  N., 
Ion.  75°  25'  W. 

Rio  Negro,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Colombia,  an 
aflBuent  of  the  Meta,  which  it  joins  at  Porto  Marayal.  Lat. 
4°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  W. 

Rio  Negro,  Parana,  pi-r^-na,',  or  Guainia,  gwi'- 
ne-i,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Colombia  and  Brazil,  is 
the  principal  tributary  of  the  Amazon  on  the  N.  side,  and, 
under  the  name  of  Guainia,  rises  in  Colombia  near  lat.  2° 
N.,  Ion.  72°  W.  It  flows  generally  E.S.E.,  enters  the  state 
of  Par5,  Brazil,  and  joins  the  Amazon  in  lat.  3°  10'  S., 
Ion.  59°  W.  Its  total  course  is  1200  miles.  The  principal 
aiBuents  are  the  Uaupes,  Cababuri,  Padaviri,  and  Rio 
Branco.  At  its  mouth  it  is  scarcely  li  miles  in  breadth, 
but  a  little  higher  up  it  is  nearly  9  miles,  and  opposite 
Barcellos,  15  miles  across.  It  contains  numerous  islands, 
and  has  a  remarkable  communication  with  the  Orinoco  by 
the  navigable  Cassiquiare.     See  Cassiquiare. 

Rio  Negro,  a  river  of  Uruguay,  the  central  part  of 
which  it  drains,  enters  the  Uruguay  River  80  miles  N.  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  after  a  W.  course  of  250  miles.* 

Rio  Negro,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  state 
of  Magdalena,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Medellin. 

Rionero,  re-o-n4'ro  (i.e.,  "black  rivulet"),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Basilicata,  5  miles  S.  of  Melfi.  Pop.  11,520,  who 
manufacture  wooden  tobacco-boxes  and  trade  in  oil  and 
wine.     It  has  a  collegiate  and  several  other  churches. 

Rionero,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  2411. 

Rions,  re-6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1253, 

Rio  Nueces,  a  river  of  Texas.    See  Nueces. 

Rio  Pardo,  ree'o  paR'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  or 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Rio  Pardo,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Jacuhy,  80  miles  W.  of  Porto  Alegre.  Pop.  10,000. 

Rio  Pecos,  a  river  of  New  Mexico.     See  Pecos. 

Rio  Preto,  ree'o  pri'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
380  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bahia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Preto 
with  the  Rio  Grande,  an  afiiuent  of  the  Sao  Francisco. 

Rio  Preto,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Gerae.«, 
on  the  Preto,  an  afSuent  of  the  Ara^uahi,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Diamantina.     Pop.  2000.     See  also  Preto. 

Rios,  or  Los  Rios,  loce  Ree'oce,  a  province  of  Ecua- 
dor, on  the  W.  coast,  N.  of  Guayas.  Chief  town,  Baba- 
hoyo.     Pop.  60,065. 

Rio  Saladillo,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Saladillo. 

Rio  Salado,  ree'o  s4-18,'do  (i.e.,  "salt  river"),  a  river 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  flows 
through  the  Pampas,  a  plain  interspersed  with  numerous 
small  lakes,  and  enters  the  estuary  of  the  Plata,  95  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres,  after  an  E.  course  of  400  miles. 

Rio  Salado,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
inces of  Salta,  Tuouman,  Santiago,  and  Santa  F6,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  flows  mostly  S.E.,  and  joins  the  river  Parani,  of 
which  it  is  a  principal  tributary,  210  miles  N.W.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  Total  course,  1000  miles.  In  its  upper  part  it  is 
called  the  Pasage.and  Valbuena. 

Rio  Salado,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  enters  the  Pacific  after 
a  W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Rio  San  Domingo,  ree'o  sin  do-ming'go,  drains  the 
S.E.  part  of  Arizona,  runs  nearly  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  Gila  River  about  Ion.  109°  45'  W. 

Rio  San  Miguel,  ree'o  sin  me-gh81',  of  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  San  Juan  Mountains,  runs  in  a  N.W.  direction, 
and  enters  the  Dolores  near  the  W.  boundary  of  the  state. 
It  flows  many  miles  in  a  deep  cafion. 

Rio  San  Pedro,  ree'o  sin  pi'dro,  Arizona,  runs  north- 
ward in  Pima  co.  and  enters  the  Gila  River. 

Rio  San  Pedro,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  flows  S.  into 
the  Rio  Grande  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Kinney  co, 
Rio  Santa  Cruz.    See  Santa  Cruz  River. 
Rio   Seco,  Mesina  de,  mi-see'ni  di  ree'o  si'ko,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  26  miles  N.W.  of 
Valladolid,  beside  the  river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  6234. 
Rio  Tinto,  ree'o  teen'to  {i.e.,  "  colored  river"),  a  river 
of  Spain,  province  of  Huelva,  rises  near  Aracena,  and  enters 
the  Bay  of  Huelva  in  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  60  miles. 
Near  its  mouth  ig  the  port  of  Palos. 


Rio  Tinto,  ree'o  teen'to,  a  river  of  Nicaragua,  after  a 
N.  course  of  120  miles  enters  the  sea  E.  of  Cape  Cameron. 
Lat.  15°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  55'  W. 

Riou,  re-oo',  an  islet  ofl"  the  S.  coast  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  7  miles  S.  of  Marseilles. 

Riou-Kiou,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Riouw,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Rhio. 

Rio  Verde,  ree'o  vfir'di,  rises  in  the  W.  central  part 
of  Arizona,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Salt  River  near 
lat.  33°  30'  N.,  Ion.  111°  40'  W.     See  also  Verde,  Rio. 

Rio  Vermejo.    See  Vermejo  River, 

Rio  Vermelho,  ree'o  v5R-mil'yo,  a  village  of  Brazil, 
island  of  Santa  Catharina,  near  27°  30'  S.  lat.     Pop.  1200. 

Rio  Vermelho,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes, 
80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Serro  Frio  (Villa  do  Principe),  on  the 
Barreiro,  an  affluent  of  the  Vermelho.     Pop,  4000, 

Rio  Vermelho,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Vermelho. 

Rio  Virgen,  ree'o  veeR'HSn,  or  Vir'gin  -Riv'er, 
rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Utah,  runs  southwestward  into 
Nevada,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River  in  Lincoln  co.,  Nev. 
It  is  nearly  200  miles  long,  and  is  a  shallow  stream.  It 
runs  through  an  arid  region  diversified  by  lava  ridges,  &c. 

Rio  Vista,  ree'o  vees'ti,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River,  22 
miles  E.  of  Suisun  Station,  and  about  65  miles  by  water 
E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  churches,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  Catholic  academy.     Pop,  in  1890,  648. 

Rioxa,  a  village  of  Spain,     See  Rioja, 

Rioz,  ree-o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Sadne,  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  1001. 

Ripa  Bottoni,  ree'pi  bot-to'nee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop,  4460, 

Ripa  Candida,  ree'pi  kin'de-di,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Basilicate,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  4934. 

Ripa  di  Chieti,  ree'pi  dee  ke-i'tee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
3  miles  E.  of  Chieti.     Pop,  2753, 

Ripalimosana,  re-pi-le-mo-si'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  2  miles  N,W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3937. 

Riparbella,  re-paR-bil'li,  or  Ripalbella,  re-pil- 
bfil'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  38  miles  from  Pisa.     Pop,  3290. 

Riparia,  Germany.    See  Stadt-am-Hof. 

Ripatransone,  re-pi-trin-so'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Fermo.     Pop.,  with  environs,  5923. 

Ripen,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Ribe. 

Ripley,  rip'le,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Nidd,  5  miles  W,N.W.  of  Knaresborough,  on 
the  Leeds  &  Thirsk  Railway, 

Ripley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  4  miles  S,  of 
Alfreton,  with  iron-works  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  5939. 

Ripley,  rip'le,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Laughery  Creek  and  Graham's  Fork  of  the  Muscatatuok 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  in  some  parts  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
dissippi  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Versailles,  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,977;  in  1880,  21,627;  in  1890,  19,350. 

Ripley,  a  county  in  the  S,  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Current  River,  and  also  drained  by  Little 
Black  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  yellow  pine  and  other  trees. 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  SoutherL 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Doniphan,  the  capital.  Pop 
in  1870,  3175;  in  1880,  5377;  in  1890,  8512. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Bond  co.,  HI,     Pop,  972, 

Ripley,  a  post- village  in  Ripley  township.  Brown  co., 
111.,  on  the  Lamoin  River,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson- 
ville, and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rushville.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  stone-ware. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.     P.  1433. 

Ripley,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Albion. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1841, 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Butler  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  377. 

Ripley,  a  village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  6  or  7  miles  W. 
of  Charles  City, 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Somerset  co,.  Me.     Pop.  584. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  297. 

Ripley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tippah  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Ripley  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Memphis  & 
Charleston  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Holly  Springs, 
and  30  miles  W,S,W,  of  Corinth.  It  has  a  court-house,  i 
churches,  a  female  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.   Pep.  637. 


I 


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•2285 


RIV 


Ripley^  formerly  Quin'cy,  a  post-village  in  Ripley 
township,  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Aliohigan  Southern  Railroad,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  cheese- factory.  Pop.  350. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.    P.  1899. 

Ripley^  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Brown  co., 
0.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  54  miles  above 
Cincinnati,  and  about  10  miles  below  Maysville,  Ky.  It  is 
the  most  populous  town  in  the  county.     Its  site  is  a  narrow 

fortion  of  land  enclosed  between  the  river  and  a  steep  bluff, 
t  contains  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  pianos,  tobacco,  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  2546. 

Ripleyj  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     Pop.  1101. 

Ripley^  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  1089. 

Ripley )  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
about  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  24  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Dyersburg,  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  532, 

Ripley,  a  post-office  of  Titus  co.,  Tex. 

Ripley,  West  Virginia.    See  Jackson  Court-House. 

Ripley  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W. 
Va.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River,  near  the  mouth  of  Mill  Creek, 
and  about  18  miles  above  Pomeroy. 

Ripley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ripley  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  Me.,  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has 
1  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Ripley's,  or  Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  oo., 
W.  Va.,  near  Middle  Island  Creek,  about  45  miles  S.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ripley's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Ripleyrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Ripley 
township,  4i  miles  W.  of  Greenwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Ripoll,  re-poP,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  32  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  2424. 

Ripollet,  re-pol-ydt',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
on  the  Ripollet,  8  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1441. 

Ripomorance,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pomerancb. 

Rip'on,  or  Rip'pon,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  Ure,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  York,  and  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Thirsk.  It  has  a  spacious  market- 
place, a  cathedral,  built  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  cen- 
turies, an  episcopal  palace,  an  elegant  parish  church,  a  free 
grammar-school,  endowed  blue-coat  schools,  several  ancient 
poor's  hospitals  and  money  charities,  a  handsome  town  hall, 
with  assembly-rooms,  a  council-house,  jail  and  house  of 
correction,  public  rooms  with  a  library,  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, several  branch  banks,  manufactures  of  flax  and 
eaddle-trees,  and  large  markets  for  wool,  corn,  and  butter. 
Ripon  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
in  1890,  7512. 

RipoD,  ri-pon'  or  rip'on,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Stockton.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  store,  and  4  ware- 
houses for  wheat. 

Ripon,  a  post-office  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  about  16 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parsons. 

Ripon,  a  post-town  in  Ripon  township.  Fond  du  Lac 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  inlet  of  Green  Lake,  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Fonddu  Lac,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Oshkosh,  and  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Berlin.  It  is  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lao  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Kaih-oad.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  Ripon  College  (Congregational),  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  and  wagons.     Pop.  (1890)  3368. 

Riponuny,  or  Ripnnuny.    See  Rupundny. 

Riposto,  re-pos'io,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  its  E.  coast,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Taormina.  Pop.  8032.  It  has  risen  within 
the  present  century,  and  has  a  harbor  protected  by  a  fort. 

Rip'pey ,  a  post- village  in  Washington  township,  Greene 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  <fc  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Rip'pon,  or  Rip'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
W.  Va.,  5  miles  S.  of  Charlestown,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Win- 
chester.    It  has  a  church. 

Rip'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ripton  township,  Addison 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  26  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  The  township  con- 
tains 2  churches  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 617. 

Ri'pyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  oo.,  Ky.,  15 
n.iles  S.E.  of  Frankfort. 

Riquewihr,  ree^k§h-veeR'  (Ger.  Reichenweier,  rl'K^n- 
♦r^r),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Colmar.     Pop.  1777. 

Ris,  ree,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dftme,  10  miles 
W.  of  Thiers      Pop.  1449. 


Ris,  a  village  of  France,  with  a  station  on  the  Paris  <l 
Corbeil  Railway,  15  miles  from  Paris.     Pop.  1101. 

Risano,  re-si'no,  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cattaro,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cattaro.     Pop.  3200. 

Risborough,  Princes,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Bucks,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aylesbury.     P.  2549. 

Riscle,  reek'l,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Gers, 
26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mirande.     Pop.  2010. 

Ris'don,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  111.,  about  22 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Belleville. 

Risk's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  oo.,  S.C. 

Ri'sing  City,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Railroad,  at  Rising's  Station, 
10  miles  W.  of  David  City.  It  has  7  general  stores,  2 
warehouses  for  grain,  and  35  dwellings. 

Rising  Fawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  25i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-blast-furnace. 
Pop.  in  1890,  927. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Randolph  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  36  miles  by  water 
(or  20  miles  direct)  below  Cincinnati,  and  8  miles  S.  of 
Aurora.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high  ground,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  2  steam  flouring-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs.    P.  (1890)  1689. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  near  Des 
Moines  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.   It  has  2  churches. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  52  miles  N.E. 
of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  bank,  a  church,  a  high  school  for 
girls,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  coach-factory,  a  bank- 
ing-house, and  6  stores.     Pop.  jJSO. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township. 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  485. 

Rising  Sun,  a  village  included  within  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.  of  Independence  Hall. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo..  Wis.,  33 
miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.    It  has  a  church  and  a  furnace. 

Ri'singville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  3J 
miles  N.E.  of  Cameron  Mills,  and  about  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Corning.     It  has  a  church. 

Risley,  riz'lee,  a  post-offlce  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Peabody.     Pop.  of  township,  503. 

Ritch'ey,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Neosho. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Ritchie,  rich'ee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  West 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  512  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  Fork  of  Hughes  River,  and  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  South  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  a  variety  of  asphaltum  called  Grahamite,  coal, 
and  petroleum.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  Capital,  Ritchie  Court-House,  or  Harrisville 
Pop.  in  1870,  9055;  in  1880,  13,474;  in  1890,  16,621. 

Ritchie,  a  post-office  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C. 

Ritchie  Court-House.    See  Harrisville. 

Ritchieville,  rich'e-vil,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddie  co., 
Va.,  about  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Petersburg. 

Rithymna,  the  ancient  name  of  Retimo. 

Rito  Alto,  ree'to  &I'to,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  has  an  altitude  of  12,876  feet  above 
the  sea-level.     Lat.  38°  13'  7"  N.;  Ion.  105°  45'  7"  W. 

Rito  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

Rittberg,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Rietbbro. 

Rit'tenhouse  Gap,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  oa 
the  Catasaqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Catasauqua. 

Rit'ter,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1524. 

Ritter,  a  station  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Rit'ters,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morenci,  Mich. 

Rit'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  oo..  Pa.,  2  or  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Allentown.     It  has  4  or  5  houses. 

Ritzebiittel,  rit'z^h-blitH?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hamburg,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe  in  the  North  Sea. 

Riudoms,  re-oo-dSms',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3478. 

Riva,  ree'vi,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
8  miles  S.  of  Lugano,  and  on  the  S.  extremity  of  its  lake. 

Riva,  ree'vi,  or  Reif,  rife,  a  town  of  Austria,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Roveredo,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Lago 


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2286 


mv 


di  Garda.  Pop.  5082.  It  has  a  castle,  a  fine  church,  and 
gome  monasteries.  Its  port  is  the  largest  on  the  lake,  its 
fisheries  are  productive,  and  its  vicinity  furnishes  in  abun- 
dance olives,  oranges,  and  lemons. 

RivadeOy  re-vi-D^'o,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  on  the  E. 
boundary  of  Galicia,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Lugo,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Eo.     Pop.  2920. 

Riva  di  Chieri,  ree'vi  dee  ke-A'ree,  a  village  of  Italy, 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3092. 

Kivafrecha,  re-vi-fri'cha,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles 
.S.E.  of  Logrono,  on  the  Leza.     Pop.  1463. 

Rivalta  di  Acqui,  re-v&l'td,  dee  ik'kwee,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Acqui,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  2112. 

Rivalta  di  Torino,  re-v&l'tS,  dee  to-ree'no,  a  village 
of  Italy,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1948. 

RivanazzanO)  re-v&-n&t-s3,'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pavia,  near  Voghera.     Pop.  of  commune,  2329. 

Rivan'nay  a  small  river  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, rises  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  Albemarle  oo., 
flows  S.E.  through  Fluvanna  oo.,  and  enters  the  James 
River  at  Columbia. 

Rivara,  re-vi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1700. 

Rivarolo,  re-vi-ro'lo,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 19  miles  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3441. 

Rivarolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  of  commune,  6858. 

Rivarolo-Fuori,  re-v8.-ro'lo-foo-o're,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3034. 

Rivas,  a  town  of  Central  America.    See  Nicaragua. 

Rive  de  Gier,  reev  d^h  zhe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire,  on  the  Gier,  an  affluent  of  the  Rhone,  at  the  head  of 
the  Canal  of  Givors,  12^  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne. 
Pop.  14,518.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  glass-wares, 
steel,  and  hardwares,  and  steam-engine  factories.  Near  it 
are  silk-mills,  distilleries,  and  extensive  coal-fields. 

Riveira,  ra-vk'e-rh,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and 
67  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corunna,  surrounded  by  the  Bay  of 
Arosa  and  the  sea. 

Rivello,  re-v51'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  4 
miles  S.  of  Lagonegro,  on  the  Trecchina.     Pop.  2961. 

Riv'er,  a  post-office  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind. 

River,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1500. 

River,  Warren  co.,  Va.    See  Riverton. 

River,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

River  Aux  Vases  (Fr.  5  viz),  a  post-office  of  St.  Gen- 
evieve CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name. 

River  Bank,  a  hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  River,  13  miles  E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

River  Beaudette,  boMdt',  a  post- village  in  Soulanges 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  outlet  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  in  the 
St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  43^  miles 
W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

River  Bend,  a  post-ofice  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Cahawba  River. 

River  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  83  miles  E.S.E.  of  Denver. 

River  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Grand  River,  about  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lansing. 

River  Bend,  township,  Gaston  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2248. 

River  Bend,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Tenn. 

River  Bourgeois,  boor^zhwi',  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  31  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury. 

Riv'erdale,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

Riverdale,  a  post-office  of  Cook  oo..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Riverdale,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Carrollton. 

Riverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Republican  River,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

River  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish,  La. 

Riverdale,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  part  of  Gloucester 
City,  and  is  2  miles  from  Gloucester  Station. 

Riverdale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Gratiot  co., 
Mich'.,  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Riverdale,  township,  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  217. 

Riverdale,  a  station  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Riverdale,  a  post-village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.  of  New  York  City.  Here  are  several  villas  and 
country-seats,  and  2  churches.  Riverdale  Post-Office  is  a 
branch  of  the  New  York  post-office. 

Riverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craven  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Neuse  River,  2  miles  from  Croatan.     It  has  a  church. 


Riverdale,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  A 
Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

River  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles 
E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

River  Da'vid,  or  Saint  David,  a  post-village  in       ' 
Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  river   of  the  same  name,   18 
miles  from  Sorel.    It  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  foundry, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  800. 

River  Debert,  d§-bair',  a  post-village  in  Colchester 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  16  miles  from  Truro.     Pop.  400. 

River  Den'nis,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  35  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Pop.  300. 

River  Dennis  Road,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co,, 
Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.  It  contains 
a  church  and  several  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  500. 

River  Des'ert,  or  Maniwaki,  min-e-wi'kee,  a  post- 
village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers 
Desert  and  Gatineau,  60  miles  N.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  a  post 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  has  a  church,  several 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  2  stores.    Pop.  1000,  half  Indians. 

River  £dge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Hackensack  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  New  York  City.    It  has  a  church. 

River  Falls,  a  post-village  in  River  Palls  township, 
Pierce  and  St.  Croix  cos..  Wis.,  on  the  Kinnickinnick  River 
(which  affords  extensive  water-power),  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Hudson,  and  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Hastings,  Minn.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  3  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  5  churches,  a  state  normal  school,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber,  Ac.    P.  (1890)  1783 ;  of  township,  1 073. 

River  Gil'bert,  or  Gil'bertville,  a  post-village  in 
Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Chaudi&re,  57 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Quebec.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  200. 

Riv^erhead',apost-village,  capital  of  Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y., 
in  Riverhead  township,  on  the  Peconic  River,  at  the  W. 
end  of  Great  Peconic  Bay,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Rail- 
road, 75  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn,  and  4  miles  from 
Long  Island  Sound.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  academy 
or  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  several 
hotels,  4  grist-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  2  planing-mills,  and 
imanufactures  of  organs,  carriages,  straw  paper,  and  soap. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4010. 

River  Heads,  a  village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.    Pop.  886. 

River  Hebert,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Maccan.     Pop.  400. 

River  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  15  miles 
N.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

River  Hill,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Caney  Fork  of  Cumberland  River,  23  miles  N.E.  of  McMinn- 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

River  John,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  stream  falling  into  Northumberland 
Strait,  21  miles  from  Pictou.  It  contains  several  stores,  2 
hotels,  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  500. 

River  John,  West  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Pictou 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  20  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  160. 

River  Junc'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa, 
on  or  near  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Muscatine  division 
of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  27 
miles  W.  of  Muscatine.     It  has  a  church. 

River  Luison,  Iwee^zon',  a  post- village  in  Restigouche 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  small  stream  falling  into  the 
Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  19 
miles  from  Dalhousie.     Pop.  160. 

River  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  on  Pea 
River,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Troy. 

River  of  Martyrs.    See  Rio  de  los  Martires. 

River  Park,  a  post- village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  in  Leyden 
township,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church  and  many  fine  residences  of  Chicago  merchants. 

River  Philip,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  45  miles  from  Truro. 

River  Point,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Straight  River,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Owatonna. 

River  Point,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township, 
Kent  CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Pavrtuxet  River,  and  on  the  Hartford, 
Providence  <fc  Fishkill  Railway,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Hope  Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  615. 

River  Raisin,  ra'z'n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bridgewater 
township,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same 
name,  and  on  the  Jackson  Branch  of  the  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson,  and  8  miles  N 
of  Tecumseh.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 


RIV 


2287 


RIV 


Riv'ersdale*  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

Riv'ersdale  (formerly  Georgetown),  a  post-village 
in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  74  miles  N.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  100. 

Riv'erside,  a  post-offioe  and  mining-oamp  of  Pinal  oo., 
Arizona,  on  the  Gila  River,  30  miles  from  Florence.  It 
has  a  quartz-mill  for  gold  or  silver. 

Riverside*  a  beautiful  city  of  California,  the  county 
seat  of  Riverside  oo.,  is  situated  on  the  Santa  Ana  River,  in 
a  fine  fruit-growing  section  (oranges,  lemons,  rasins,  &o.), 
watered  by  extensive  irrigating  canals,  9  miles  S.  of  San 
Bernardino,  and  about  60  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has 
15  church  organizations,  an  opera-house  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $117,000,  4  banks,  a  public  high  school,  a  free  library, 
several  social  and  fraternal  clubs,  and  offices  which  issue  2 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  4683. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  oo..  Col.,  at  the  base 
of  Mount  Harvard,  90  miles  W.  of  Colorado  Springs.  Gold 
and  silver  are  found  here. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mlanus  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  3i  miles  S.W.  of 
Stamford.  It  is  contiguous  to  Mianus,  and  contains  2 
ehurches,  2  public  schools,  and  2  private  schools. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  S.D.,  on  the  Ver- 
milion River,  6  miles  S.  of  Centreville. 

Riverside,  a  hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  on  Little 
River  and  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  38  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  11  houses. 

Riverside,  a  post- village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Des 
Plaines  River  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  seminary  and 
a  church.     Here  are  fine  parks,  and  costly  improvements. 

River  Side,  a  post-office  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  River,  and  near  Independence  Station  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on 
English  River  and  the  Muscatine  division  of  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of 
Muscatine.  It  has  2  ciiurches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

River  Side,  a  hamlet  of  Ascension  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  8  miles  from  Donaldsonville.  It  has  a 
ehurch,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill.    Sugar  is  made  here. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  in  Vassalborough  township, 
Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a 
ehurch. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Po- 
tomac River,  about  40  miles  below  Washington,  D.C. 

Riverside,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Mer- 
rimac  River,  is  a  part  of  Haverhill,  and  is  2  miles  below 
Haverhill  Station. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gill  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Greenfield,  and  S  mile  from  Turner's  Falls.   It  has  a  church. 

Riverside,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles 
River  and  the  Boston  <i:;  Albany  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Newton  Lower  Falls  branch,  11  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  oo.,  Mich. 

Riverside,  a  village  of  Wayne  oo.,  Mich.,  and  a  sub- 
urb of  Detroit,  is  in  Springwells  township,  on  the  Detroit 
River,  on  the  S.W.  border  of  the  city.  It  has  a  ship-yard, 
a  large  tannery,  an  iron-forge,  copper-smelting-works,  and 
several  fine  residences. 

River  Side,  township,  Lac  Qui  Parle  co.,  Minn.  P.  139. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Shannon  co..  Mo. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Burt  oo..  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  10  miles  N.  of  Tekama. 

Riverside,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
near  the  Platte  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Fremont,  Neb. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ranoocas,  and  on 
the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Camden. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  pottery,  a  summer  boarding-house,  a 
cannery  of  fruit,  Ac. 

Riverside,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Rail- 
road, on  the  Passaic  River,  li  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  2i  miles  from  Great  Bend,  Pa. 

Riverside,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
son River  and  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  of  Sara- 
toga Springs.   Here  is  a  suspension-bridge  over  the  Hudson. 


River  Side,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  in  1890,  2169. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Nehalem  River. 

Riverside,  a  post-borough  in  Rush  township,  North- 
umberland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  opposite  Danville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
boiler-shop. 

Riverside,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroaid, 
Pittsburg  division,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Tugaloo  River,  20  miles  W.  of  Walhalla. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  and  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  79  miles  N.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  fine  hotel,  2 
stores,  and  a  valuable  stone-quarry. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  navigable  Willopa  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Oysterville. 
It  has  a  saw-mill. 

River  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Hinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Riverside,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Pecatonioa  River,  and  on  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  1  mile 
N.  of  Gratiot.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Riv'erside,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  oo.  of  Albert, 
on  Shepody  Bay,  39i  miles  from  Salisbury. 

River  Sioux,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Sioux,  and 
on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  1^  miles  from  Little 
Sioux,  and  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Rivers  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish.  La. 

River  Springs,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

River  Station,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Duck  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Nashville  and 
Columbia. 

Riv'erstown,  a  post- village  in  Wellington  co.,  On- 
tario, 9  miles  N.W.  of  Arthur.     Pop.  100. 

River  Street,  a  station  of  the  New  York  4  New  Eng- 
land Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston. 

River  Styx,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guilford  township,  Me- 
dina CO.,  0.,  5  miles  from  Wadsworth.  It  has  a  church,  a 
quarry  of  fine  Berea  sandstone,  and  a  petrifying  spring. 

Riv'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  and  on  the  James  River  &  Kanawha  Canal, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Amherst.  It  has  a  church  and  a  mine  of 
iron  ore. 

Riversville,  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Rivesville. 

Riv'erton,  a  post-village  in  Barkhamstead  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  Farmington  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Winsted,  and  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  scythe-factory.     P.  335. 

Rivertou  (formerly  How'lett),  a  post- village  in  Clear 
Creek  township,  Sanga/uon  co.,  111.,  on  the  Sangamon 
River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  6^  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  distillery,  a  paper-mill, 
and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  in  1890,  1127. 

Rivertou,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  280. 

Riverton,  a  village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  in  Riverton 
township,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Charles  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  925. 

Riverton,  a  post-village  in  Riverton  township,  Fre- 
mont CO.,  Iowa,  on  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ham- 
burg, and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Sidney.  It  has  a  newspaper  of- 
fice, 2  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  456. 

Riverton,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
S.  of  Hutchinson. 

Riverton,  a  hamlet  of  Greenup  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  nearly  1  mile  from  Greenupsburg.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Grayson. 

Riverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Nanticoke  River,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury. 

Riverton,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of  Mason  co., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Marquette  River.     Pop.  704. 

Riverton,  a  post-village  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Florey ville.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  a  church. 

Riverton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  oo., 
Neb.,  on  Republican  River,  and  on  the  Republican  Valley 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Bloomington. 

Riverton,  a  post-village  in  Cinnaminson  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  un  tn« 
Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Camden.  It 
has  a  church. 


RIV 


2288 


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Riverton,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co,,  Va.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  River  and  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  at 
River  Station,  2  miles  W.  of  Front  Royal,  and  9  miles  E. 
of  Strasburg,  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  lime,  and  barrels. 

Riv'ertOAVn,  a  post-oflSce  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  9  miles  from  Palmetto  Station. 

River  Trent,  Ontario.    See  Trenton. 

River  Vale,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  at 
Scottville  Station  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  where 
it  crosses  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  6  miles  E.  of 
Mitchell. 

Riv^ervale',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  near 
the  Hackensack  River,  2  miles  from  Hillsdale  Station,  and 
about  24  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  manufactory  of 
folding  chairs. 

Riv^erview',  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa. 

Riverview,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
from  Peace. 

Riverview,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River  and  the  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville. 

River  View,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  35  miles  S.S.B.  of  Sedalia. 

Riverview,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N.C. 

Riverview,  a  station  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Monongahela  River  and  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charles- 
ton Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Riverview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  Rappahannock  River,  25  miles  from  West  Point. 

River  view,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
ihe  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Riverville,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ash- 
ford  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Machias.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rives,  reev,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  16  miles  N.W. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1471. 

Rives,  rivz,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1297.     It  contains  Rives  Junction. 

Rives,  Richland  oo.,  0.    See  Romb. 

Rives,  reevz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Obion  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  63  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Paducah. 

Rives,  reevz,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Rivesaltes,  reev^z&lt',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 

fartment  of  PyrSn^es-Orientales,  5  miles  N.  of  Perpignan. 
'op.  6077.     It  has  manufactures  of  excellent  wine. 

Rives  (reevz)  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Rives  (rivz)  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co., 
Mich.,  in  Rives  township,  on  Grand  River,  11  miles  N.  of 
Jackson.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Jackson,  Lansing  & 
Saginaw  Railroad  with  the  Grand  River  Valley  division  of 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 

Rivesville,  reevz'vil,  or  Riv'ersville,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  4  miles 
from  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church,  a  nursery,  and  3  stores. 

Riviera,  re-ve-i'ri,  a  district  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Ticino.     Chief  town,  Biasca. 

Riviera  di  Genoa,  re-ve-&'r&  dee  jSn'o-&,  a  name 
given  to  two  portions  of  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  in 
the  midst  of  which  Genoa  is  situated.  The  E.  part  is  called 
Riviera  di  Levante,  and  the  W.  part  Riviera  di  Ponente. 

Riviere  k  Jacques.    See  Dakota  Rivkr. 

Riviere  h  I'Ours,  reeVe-aiR'  &  loor,  a  village  in  Chi- 
eoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  56  miles  from  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  120. 

Riviere  au  Boeuf.    See  Buffalo  River. 

Riviere  au  Cuivre,  Missouri.    See  Copper  River. 

Riviere  Bois  Clair,  reeVe-aiR'  bwi  klair,  or  Saint 
£douard,  s^Nt  ^^doo^aR',  a  post-village  in  Lotbini^re 
CO.,  Quebec,  6i  miles  from  LotbiniSre.     Pop.  300. 

Riviere  des  Acadiens,  reeVe-aiR'  diz  a^kiMe-&N»', 
of  Louisiana,  flows  E.  through  Ascension  parish  into  Lake 
Maurepas. 

Riviere  des  Prairies,  reeVe-aiR'  dipriVee',  a  post- 
village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  15  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Rivifere  dn  Iioup  en  Bas,  reeVe-aiR'  dii  loo  pftN"  hk, 
or  Fra'serville,  a  post- village  and  watering-place  of 
Quebec,  co.  of  Temiscouata,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, at  the  junction  of  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Intercolonial 
Railways,  127  miles  below  Quebec.  It  has  2  churches, 
about  20  stores,  several  hotels  and  mills,  2  foundries,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  1541. 

Rivifere  au  Loup  en  Haut,  reeVe-aiR'  dli  loo  p6ii» 
ho,  a  post- village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  Maskinonge  co.,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Lake  St.  Peter,  22^  miles  above  Three 
Rivers.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  2  tanneries,  and  sev- 
eral mills  and  stores.     Pop.  1500. 

Riviere  du  Sud,  Quebec.    See  HenrttiijI.b. 


Riviere  Quelle,  reeVe-ain'  oo-5l',  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  co.  of  Kamouraska,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Law 
rence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  92  miles  below 
Quebec.     It  contains  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores. 

Rivifere  Pilote,  reeVe-aiR'  pee^ot',  a  town  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Martinique.     Pop.  5402. 

Rivifere  Raisin,  reeVe-aiR'  ri^z&No',  or  New  Lanc'- 
aster,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Glengarry,  on  th« 
river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  54^ 
miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  4  hotels  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  350. 

Riviere  Rouge,  the  French  name  of  the  Red  Rivb 

Riviere    Saint  Louis.     See  Saint  Stanislas  d: 

KOSTKA. 

Riviere  Sal6e,  reeVe-aiR'  si^li',  the  strait  whiob 
semrates  Guadeloupe  into  two  islands. 

Riviere  Sal6e,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Marti 
nique.     Pop.  2577. 

Rivisondoli,  re-ve-son'do-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Aquila,  S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  1309. 

Rivoli,  ree'vo-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of  Turin. 
Pop.,  with  environs,  6540.  It  has  a  palace,  numerou* 
villas,  and  a  fine  botanic  garden,  with  manufactures  of  silks 
and  woollen  fabrics. 

Rivoli,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Verona,  on 
the  Adige.     Pop.  1067. 

Rivolta,  re-vol't&,  a  village  of  Lombardy,  near  th* 
Adda,  15  miles  E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  3977. 

Riwaree,  re-w&-ree',  a  town  of  India,  50  miles  S.W. 
of  Delhi.     Pop.  24,503. 

Rix'eyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cnlpeper  co.,  Va.,  about 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Rix'ford,  a  post-village  of  Snwanee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  86  milet 
W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Live  Oak.  It  con 
tains  2  churches,  several  steam  flouring-mills  and  saw-mills, 
and  a  manufactory  of  naval  stores.  It  is  surrounded  by 
forests  of  pine,  magnolia,  hickory,  oak,  &c.     Pop.  1000 

Rixford,  a  post-village  of  McKean  oo..  Pa.,  in  Otto 
township,  2  miles  from  Summit  City. 

Rixheim,  rix'hime  (Fr.  pron.  reex^Jm'),  written  also 
Rexen,  a  vijlage  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg 
&  Basel  Railway,  3i  miles  E.  of  MUlhausen.     Pop.  3115 

Rix's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.>. 
about  15  miles  E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches, 

Rizah,  or  Rizeh,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Reezah. 

Rjasan,  Russia.    See  Riazan. 

I^hev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Rzhev. 

Roa,  ro'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  49  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Douro.  Pop.  2861.  It  has  re- 
mains  of  a  palace,  in  which  Ximenes  died  in  1517. 

Roachester,  Warren  co.,  0.    See  Rochester. 

Roach's  Point,  or  Kes'wick,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Simcoe,  2  miles  from  Bell  Ewart. 

Roach'ton,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Day 
ton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo 

Roadhouse,  Illinois.    See  Roodhouse. 

Road'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  19 
miles  from  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Roads'town,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  2  churches  and 
about  40  dwellings. 

Road'ville,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  oo.,  S.C,  llOj 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Roag,  Loch,  Iok  r5g,  a  large  and  intricate  inlet  ol 
the  sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lewis  Island,  Hebrides,  Scot- 
land, about  12  miles  in  length  and  8  miles  in  breadth. 

Roane,  ron,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  ar' 
of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Clinch 
and  Holston  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Kingston  and  form  the 
Tennessee  River,  which  is  here  navigable.  The  surface  ia 
hilly  or  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees.  This  county  com- 
prises a  part  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  cattle,  and  pork  are  th« 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bitumi- 
nous coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  th' 
Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Pacific  and  Rockwood  i 
Tennessee  River  Railroads.  Capital,  Kingston.  Pop.  il 
1870,  15,622;  in  1880,  15,237;  in  1890,  17,418. 

Roane,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia,  h 
an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  th 
Poeotaligo  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  several  affluents  of 
the  Little  Kanawha.     The   Little  Sandy  and  Big  Sandy 
Creeks  also  rise  in  this  county.     The  surface  is  hilly  or^ 
undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  whiok 


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2289 


ROB 


the  sugar-maple  is  found.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Spencer.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7232;  in  1880,  12,184;  in  1890,  15,303. 

Roane's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  N.C. 

Roan  Mountain,  North  Carolina,  is  near  the  N.  bor- 
der of  Mitchell  co.,  and  near  the  line  of  East  Tennessee. 
Its  altitude  is  about  6307  feet.  Its  summit  commands  a 
view  of  nearly  400  mountain-peaks. 

Roan  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Carter  oo.,  Tenn. 

~oann,  ro-an',  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on 
River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Eel  River  &  Illinois  Rail- 
,d,  27  miles  B.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  682. 

Roanne,  ro^&nn'  (ano.  Rodum'na),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Loire,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lyons,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Loire,  which  here  becomes  navigable.  Pop.  21,472. 
It  has  a  chamber  of  arts  and  manufactures,  and  a  com- 
munal college.  Situated  at  the  head  of  the  Canal  of  the 
Loire,  Roanne  is  the  entrepdt  of  an  extensive  commerce. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  muslins,  paper,  leather,  oil, 
crockery,  Ac,  and  noted  mineral  springs. 

Roanoke,  ro^an-ok',  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Staunton 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Craig's  Creek.  The  Blue  Ridge 
extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  is  part 
of  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  an  abundance  of  good  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Norfolk  &  Western 
Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Salem,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9350;  in  1880,  13,105";  in  1890,  .30,101. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  about 
85  miles  N.E.  of  Montgomery,  and  40  miles  N.  of  Opelika. 
It  contains  2  churches,  and  the  Roanoke  Male  and  Female 
College.     Pop.  in  1890,  631. 

Roanoke,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roanoke  township,  Wood- 
ford CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, 120  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  6i  miles  N.E.  of 
Eureka.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  drug-stores,  and 
2  warehouses.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  831. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Hunt- 
ington CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a 
"•wspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  532. 

'Roanoke,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Howard 
6.,  Mo.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Moberly.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  2  tobacco-factories,  and  2  broom-factories.  The 
village  is  partly  in  Randolph  co.     Pop.  207. 

Roanoke,  Putnam  co.,  0.    See  Leipsic. 

Roanoke,  a  city  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Roanoke 
River,  258  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Norfolk,  at  the  junction  of 
two  branches  of  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western  Railroad.  Roanoke 
is  in  a  live-stock,  tobacco-growing,  and  iron-mining  sec- 
tion, and  has  a  large  and  increasing  trade.  From  a  small 
village  in  1880  it  has  grown  to  a  city  of  importance,  with 
churches,  schools,  banks,  hotels,  an  opera-house,  a  court- 
house, gas-  and  electric-lights,  large  machine-shops,  can- 
ning-factories, bottle-works,  a  rolling-mill,  a  tobacco-fac- 
tory, a  ppoke-factory,  iron-works,  locomotive-  and  oar-shops, 
saw-mills,  planing-mills,  coffee-  and  spice-mills,  &c.  Three 
daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1880,  669;  in  1890,  16,159. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  oo.,  W.  Va.,  33  miles 
S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Roanoke  Island,  North  Carolina,  is  in  the  channel 
which  connects  Albemarle  Sound  with  Pamlico  Sound.  It 
is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Croatan  Sound. 

Roanoke  River  is  formed  by  the  Dan  and  Staunton 
Rivers,  which  unite  at  Clarksville,  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va. 
It  passes  into  North  Carolina,  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  cos.  of  Halifax  and  Martin  on  the  right  and  North- 
ampton and  Bertie  on  the  left,  and  enters  the  W.  end  of 
Albemarle  Sound.  Length,  nearly  230  miles.  Steamboats 
can  ascend  it  to  Weldon. 

Roapoa,  ro-&-po'&,  Treven'nen,  Houapoou,  hoo^- 
'       i-poo-oo',  Uapoa,  or  Adams  Island,  one  of  the  Mar- 

Suesas  Islands,  in  the  Pacific,   68  miles  W.  of  Tahuata. 
lat.  9°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  14°  6'  W.   Length,  10  miles.   On  its  W. 
Bide  is  Port  Jarvis,     Pop.  900. 

Roar'ing  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Molntyre  town- 
1  ship,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
j       28  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Coal 

is  found  near  this  place. 
j  Roar'ing  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  enters  the  Yad- 

i       kin  from  the  N.,  in  Wilkes  co. 
1  Roaring  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  falls  into  the  North 


Wa 

It 


Roaring  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa, 
about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Danville.     Pop.  486. 

Roaring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Locust  township,  6  miles  8.  of  Catawissa. 

Roaring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Roaring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis., 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Black  River  Falls. 

Roaring  Falls,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.     See  Glencoe. 

Roaring  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  oo.,  N.C,  60 
miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

Roaring  River,  a  post-offioe  of  Barry  co..  Mo. 

Roaring  River,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Roaring  Run,  a  post-offioe  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Roaring  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky., 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Roaring  Spring  (formerly  Spang's  Mills),  a  post- 
village  in  Taylor  township,  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Morrison's 
Cove  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  2 
iron-furnaces,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  489;  in  1890,  920. 

Roaring  Water  Bay,  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of 
Cork,  extends  inland  for  9  miles  behind  Cape  Clear. 

Ro^ark',  a  township  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3033. 

Roasio,  ro-i'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  2236. 

Roatan,  a  West  India  island.     See  RuATAir. 

Ro'bard's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  oo., 
Ey.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  S. 
of  Henderson. 

Robb,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1781. 

Rob'ben  Island,  an  islet  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
at  the  entrance  of  False  Bay.  Lat.  33°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  1 «" 
22'  E.     It  has  a  lunatic  asylum  and  a  leper  colony. 

Robbiate,  rob-be-&'t^,  or  Robiato,  ro-be-&'to,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Como.     Pop.  1272. 

Rob'bins,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  oo.,  Del.,  on  the 
Junction  A  Breakwater  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Milford. 

Robbins,  a  station  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  the  Springfield, 
Jackson  A  Pomeroy  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Waverly. 

Robbins,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Robbins  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Robbins  Plantation,  a  township  of  Washington  co., 
Me.     Pop.  4. 

Rob'binston,  a  post-village  in  Robbinston  township, 
Washington  co..  Me.,  on  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Croix  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Calais.    Pop.  926. 

Rob'binsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  at  Newtown  Station,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Bordentown.     It  has  a  church. 

Robbinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Graham  oo., 
N.C,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mary  ville,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  Peabody  school. 

Robbio,  rob'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Novara.     Pop.  4477. 

Robbs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn,,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  an  iron-forge. 

Robe,  rOb,  a  river  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Mayo,  rises  near 
Clare,  and,  after  a  W,  course  of  26  miles,  enters  Lough 
Mask,  2  miles  W.  of  Ballinrobe. 

Robecco,  ro-bdk'ko,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  on  the  Oglio, 
7  miles  N.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  2703. 

Robecq,  ro'bdk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  1466. 

R6bel,  ro'bfil,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Giistrow,  on  Lake  Miiritz.     Pop.  3623. 

Robella,  ro-bdri&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria.    Pop.  1344. 

Robella,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    See  Bellkvue. 

Roberson  (r6b'?r-89n)  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mar- 
shall CO.,  Tenn.,  6  miles  E.  of  Lynnville  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Roberson' s  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bledsoe 
CO.,  Tenn.,  44  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Rob'ersonville,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C.  2I> 
miles  E.  of  Tarborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Robert,  Le,  l^h  ro^bain',  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Martinique.     Pop.  5863. 

Robert  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  is  connected  with 
Red  River  near  Alexandria. 

Robert  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Marquesas. 

Rob'erts,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Canadian  River. 
The  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F4  Railroad  passes  through 
its  S.E.  corner.     Capital,  Parnell.     Pop.  in  1890,  326. 

Roberts,  a  post-village  in  Lyman  township,  Ford  co 


ROB 


2290 


ROB 


111.,  on  the  Gilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  50 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Blooinington.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  300. 

Roberts^  a  township  of  Marshall  co..  111.     Pop.  883. 

Roberts,  a  station  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Roberts,  a  township  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2639. 

Roberts,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  Hi  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 

Rob'ertsdale,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
in  Carbon  township,  on  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Union.     Coal  is  mined  here.    P.  694. 

Robert's  Island,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  160. 

Roberts  Land'ing,  post-office,  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal. 

Roberts'  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Detroit. 
Here  are  2  stores,  3  wharves,  and  a  manufactory  of  handles 
for  axes,  picks,  <fcc.     Fish  and  firewood  are  shipped  here. 

Rob'ertson,  a  small  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ken- 
tucky. It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Licking 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  North  Fork  of  that  river. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  tobacco,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  Area,  210  square  miles.  Capital,  Mount 
Olivet.     Pop.  in  1870,  5399;  in  1880,  5814;  in  1890,  4684. 

Robertson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  636  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Red  River  and  Sulphur  Creek  or  Fork.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  gum,  oak,  walnut,  and  poplar  or  tulip- 
tree.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco, 
superior  whiskey  (of  which  a  large  quantity  is  made  here), 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  crops  out  in 
many  places.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,166;  in  1880,  18,861;  in  1890,  20,078. 

Robertson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Navasota  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Bra- 
zos River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  stnple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central 
Railroad  and  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Franklin.  Pop.  in  1870,  9990;  iu  1880,  22,383; 
in  1890,  26,506. 

Robertson,  a  post- village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Eldora,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Rob'ertson's,  a  station  in  Fairfield  oo.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of 
Columbia. 

Robertson's,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Robertson's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Robertson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co.,  Mo. 

Robertson's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Dalkeith. 

Robertson's  (or  Robinson)  Station,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
42i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lexington. 

Robertson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 

Robertsonville,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.    See  Colesbdbg. 

Rob'ertsonville,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss. 

Robertsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Rob'erts  Run,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Rlailroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Rob'ertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
4i  miles  N.  of  Winsted.  It  has  a  church  and  a  chair- 
factory, 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  43  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Robertsville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  5 
miles  from  Marlborough  Station. 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Robertsville,  a  hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Canoe 
township,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C, 
about  75  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn., 
lOi  miles  E.  of  Clinton. 

Roberval,  ro^b^r-vil',  or  Lac  Saint  Jean,  lik  siw 
ahfiu",  a  post-village  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  on  Lake 
St.  John,  78  miles  W.  of  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  300. 


Robeson,  ro'b^-spn,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Northj 
Carolina,  borders  on  South  Carolina.     Area,  about  1040  ■ 
square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  Lumber  River,  and  ia 
partly  drained  by  the  Little  Pedee  River  and  Rockfisl 
Creek.    The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covere 
with  forests  of  hickory,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.     Th« 
soil  is  sandy.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  pork,! 
tar,  and  turpentine  are  the  staple  products.     This  county  f 
intersected  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  Cape  Fear  . 
Yadkin  Valley  Railroad,  Maxton,  Alma  A  Rowland  Rail- 
road, and  other  railroads.     Capital,  Lumberton.     Pop.  ii 
1870,  16,262;  in  1880,  23,880;  in  1890,  31,483. 

Robeson,  North  Carolina.     See  Brinklet's. 

Robeson,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  6  miles! 

5.  of  Reading,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  SchuylkiuJ 
River.  Pop.  2483.  Robeson  Station  on  the  Wilmington  da 
Reading  Railroad  is  in  this  township,  6i  miles  S.  of  Readings 

Ro^beso'nia,  a  post-village  in  Heidelberg  townships 
Berks  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  12  mile 
W.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  church  and  iron-furnaces.     Th^ 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Robesonia  Furnaces. 

Ro'beystown,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  4| 
miles  W.  of  Cheltenham. 

Robiac,  ro'be-&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  12  mile 
N.  of  Alais.     Pop.  4290. 

Robiato,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Robbiate. 

Robideaux,  ro-be-do',  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo 
Pop.  677. 

Robideanx  Creek,  Missouri.  See  Roubidoux  Crbei 

Robilante,  ro-be-l&n'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  mile 
S.S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2677. 

Rob'in,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa. 

Robin  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo.,  N.C 

Rob'in  Hood's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  on  the 
coast  of  England,  co.  of  York,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Whitby. 

Rob'in' 8  Nest,  a  post- village  in  Jubilee  township^ 
Peoria  co..  111.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  is  th^ 
seat  of  Jubilee  College  (Episcopal),  organized  in  1847. 

Rob'inson,  a  station  in  Bent  oo.,  Col.,  on  the  Atchisoi 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fl  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Las  Animasij 

Robinson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  111., 
in  Robinson  townsnip,  on  the  Paris  A  Danville  Railroa ' 
44  miles  S.  of  Paris,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vincenne 
Ind.     It  contains  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  grade 
school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  (1890)  1387;  of  township,  2990J 

Robinson,  a  township  of  Posey  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1683i| 

Robinson,  or  North  Robinson,  a  post-village  olf 
Brown  co.,  Kansas,  on  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph 

6,  Denver  City  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
flour-mill,  a  broom-factory,  <&c.  Coal  abounds  here.  Poi 
about  400 ;  of  the  township,  1362. 

Robinson,  Kentucky.    See  Robertson's  Station. 

Robinson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ottawa  co^ 
Mich.,  in  Robinson  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michiga 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Muskegon.    Pop 
of  the  township,  528. 

Robinson,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.    Pop.  2411 

Robinson,  a  station  of  the  Carolina  Central  Railroa ' 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  N.C. 

Robinson,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  North  Robinson. 

Robinson,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.   Pop.  22711 

Robinson,  township,  Washington  co..  Pa.     P.  1798. 

Robinson,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex., 
miles  S.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  cotton-gin 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Robinson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  aboi 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Robinson,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  o^ 
Salmon  Creek,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  300. 

Robinson  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  11" 
in  Rose  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &,  St.  Louis  Railroa 
5  miles  W.  of  Shelbyville. 

Robinson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Robinson's,  a  station  in  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  tli 
Concord  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles  S.  of  Concord. 

Robinson's  Head,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the  S.  sid 
of  St.  George's  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Sand 
Point.   Pop.  125. 

Robinson's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va 
11  miles  from  Mannington.     It  has  a  church. 

Robinson's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Madison 
Va.,  runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Rapid 
River  about  6  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Orange  Court-House. 

Rob'isonville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon. 

Robisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  aboil 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bedford. 


ROB 


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R<.)C 


Miss., 

m 


Rob'ious,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  oc,  Va.,  on  the 
Riohniond  &  L>anville  Kailroad,  10^  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond. 

Robleda,  ro-Bl&'D&,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Salamanca,  16  miles  S.  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo.     Pop.  1469. 

Rubledo  de  Chavela,  ro-sl^'oo  dl  ch&-va'l&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  W.  of  Madrid.    Pop,  1227. 

Rob'iiU)  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles 

Mm  Napanee.     Pop.  150. 
Kobliu'8  Mills,  Ontario.     See  Aheliasburg. 
Rob  Roy,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Jefferson 
,  Ark.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  6  miles  below  Pine  Bluff. 
Rob  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indiana  North  &  South  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Attica,  and 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  2  churches  and 
2  flour-mills. 

Rob'son's  lianding,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

oburento,  ro-boo-r5n'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 

oni.     It  has  a  fine  palace  and  2  churches.     Pop.  1372. 

o'by's   Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of   Merrimack  co., 

on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 

i  by  N.  of  Concord. 

Ro'ca,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  the  At- 
j  ohisou  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  11^  miles  S.  of  Lincoln. 
I      Rocamadonr,    ro^k&^m&'dooR',    a    market-town    of 

France,  in  Lot,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gourdon.     Pop.  1646. 
!      Roca  Partida,  ro'k&  paR-tee'D&,  the  westernmost  of 
(  the  Revilla-Gigedo  Islands  in  the  North  Pacific. 
1      Rocas,  reikis  (i.e.,  "rooks"),  an  island  of  the  Atlan- 
I  Uc,  125  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Roque.    Lat.  3°  55'  S.j  Ion. 
33°  43'  W. 

Rocca,  rok'k&,  an  Italian  word  signifying  "  rock"  or 
"  fortress,"  forming  the  name  or  a  part  of  the  name  of  nu- 
merous small  towns  of  Italy  and  Sicily. 

Rocca,  rok'ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10  miles  W.  of  Mes- 
sina.    Pop,  2677. 

Rocca  Bianca,  rok'k&  be-&n'k&  ("white  rock,"  or 
"white  fortress"),  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  5326. 

Rocca  Bruna,  rok'k&  broo'ni  (i.e.,  "brown  rock"), 
a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  3103. 

Rocca  Casale,  rok'ki  ki-si'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  1772. 

Rocca  d'Arazzo,  rok'k4  di-r4t'so,  a  town  of  Italy, 
20  miles  W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2162. 

Rocca  d'Aspide,  rok'ki  d4s'pe-di,  a  town  of  Italy, 
In  Salerno,  16  miles  S.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  5434. 

Rocca  de  Baldi,  rok'k&  d4  b&l'dee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  MondovL     Pop.  2664. 

Rocca  d*£vandro,  rok'kft  di-vin'dro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sora,  on  the  Garigliano.  It  has  a  castle, 
8  churches,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  3242. 

Rocca  di  Corio,  rok'ki  dee  ko're-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2779. 

Rocca  di  JUezzo,  rok'ki  dee  mSd'zo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2268. 

Rocca  di  Neto,  rok'ki  dee  ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Calabria,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  1168. 

Rocca  di  Papa,  rok'ki  dee  pi'pi,  a  village  of  Italy, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Rome,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Fabia. 
Pop.  3022. 

Rocca  Forte,  rok'ki  foR'ti  (i.e.,  "strong  fortress"),  a 
rillage  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  near  Novi.     Pop,  3568. 
Rocca  Gloriosa,  rok'ki  glo-re-o'si,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Salerno,  S,E,  of  Vallo.     Pop.  2814. 

Rocca  Grimalda,  rok'ki  gre-mil'di,  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  S.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1886. 

Rocca  Imperiale,  rok'ki  im-pi-re-i'li,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Calabria,  on  the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  7  miles  N.  of 
Roseto.     Pop.  2164. 

Rocca  Mandolfi,  rok'ki  min-dol'fee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  6  miles  W.  of  Bojano.     Pop.  2966. 

Rocca  Monfini,  rok'ki  mon-fee'nee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  4754. 

Rocca  Montepiano,  rok'ki  mon-ti-pe-i'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  S.S.W,  of  Chieti,     Pop.  2224. 

Rocca  Nova,  rok'ki  no'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  E.N.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  2136. 

Rocca  Palomba,  rok'ki  pi-Iom'bi,  a  town  of  Italy, 
In  Sicily,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop,  3023. 

Rocca  Piemonte,  rok'ki  pe-i-mon'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop,  3682, 
Rocca  Rasa,  rok'\i  ri'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Aquila, 
j  S.E.  of  Sulmona,     Pop  1858, 

r"        a  Romana,  rok'ki  ro-mi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
)f  Caserta,     Pop.  1883. 


Rocca  San  Casciano,  rok'ki  sin  ki-shi'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Florence,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ridazzo  with  the  Montone.     Pop.  3943. 

Rocca  San  Felice,  rok'ki  sin  fi-lee'chi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  2  miles  N.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.  Near  it  is 
Lago  di  Amsancto.     Pop.  1611. 

Rocca  San  Giovanni,  rok'ki  sin  jo-vin'nee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  E.  of  Lanciano,  near  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  2171. 

Rocca  Secca,  rok'ki  sdk'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
S.  of  Sora,     Pop.  5476. 

Rocca  Sparvera,  rok'ki  spaR-vi'ri,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Coni,  near  the  Stura.     Pop.  1165. 

Rocca  Strada,  rok'ki  stri'di,  a  walled  town  of  Italy, 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  8127. 

Rocca  Yione,  rok'ki  ve-o'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop,  2639. 

Roccella,  rot-ohdl'li,  a  town  of  Sicily,  37  miles  S.W. 
of  Messina,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  1934. 

Roccella,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cefalil, 
on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2000. 

Roccella,  La,  li  rot-chil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  5088. 

Rocclietta,  rok-k4t'ti  ("little  rock,"  or  "little  for 
tress"),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  3949, 

Rocchetta  del  Tanaro.    See  Rochetta  del  Ta- 

NARO. 

Rocchetta  Ligure,  rok-kSt'ti  lee-goo'ri,  a  town  of 
Italy,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  1238. 

Rochdale,  rotch'd§l,  a  borough  of  England,  in  Lanca- 
shire, at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manches- 
ter, on  both  sides  of  the  Rooh,  on  the  Rochdale  Canal,  and 
Calder  &  Hebble  Navigation.  It  is  irregularly  built,  but 
nearly  all  the  streets  are  well  paved  and  lighted  with  gas, 
and  an  abundant  supply  of  water  is  obtained.  Most  of  the 
houses  are  built  of  brick  or  of  stone  obtained  from  quarries 
in  the  vicinity.  The  original  parish  church  is  a  venerable 
structure  of  the  twelfth  century,  finely  situated  on  a  lofty 
height,  and  approadhed  from  the  lower  part  of  the  town  by 
a  flight  of  122  steps.  The  staple  manufactures  are  woollen 
goods,  chiefly  baize,  flannels,  blankets,  and  kerseys,  and  cot- 
ton goods,  chiefly  calicoes.  There  are  also  various  cotton- 
mills,  at  which  warps  and  yarn  are  spun.  Other  manu- 
factures of  importance  are  hats,  machines,  &o.  In  the 
vicinity  are  freestone-quarries,  iron-mines,  and  extensive 
collieries,  Rochdale  is  a  place  of  considerable  antiquity, 
and  had  a  Roman  station  in  its  vicinity.  Its  woollen  man- 
ufactures appear  to  have  been  introduced  by  the  Flemings 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  It  sends  one  member  to  Par- 
liament.    Pop.  in  1881,  68,866;  in  1891,  71,468. 

Roch'dale  (formerly  Clapp'ville),  a  post-village  in 
Leicester  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  & 
Albany  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  flannel-mills. 

Roche,  rosh,  a  French  word  (like  the  Italian  Bocca), 
signifying  "rock"  or  " fortress,"  forming  a  prefix  to  nu- 
merous names  of  communes,  towns,  and  villages  of  France, 

Roche,  La,  France,     See  La  Roche, 

Roche-k-Cri,  r5sh-i-kree,  post-office,  Adams  co,,  Wis. 

Roche  k  Gris,  r5sh-i-gre',  a  small  river  of  Adams 
CO,,  Wis,,  flows  southwestward  into  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Roche-Chalais,  La,  France.  See  La  Roche-Chalais. 

Rochechouart,  rosh^shoo^aR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Vienne,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Vienne,  20  miles  W.  of 
Limoges.     Pop.  1754. 

Roche-de-Glnn,  rosh  d^h  glii>,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Dr6me,  near  Valence.     Pop.  1949. 

Rochefort,  rosh^foR'  or  rotch'f^rt,  a  town  of  France, 
near  its  W.  coast,  department  of  Charente-Inf6rieure,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Rochelle,  on  the  Charente,  7  miles  from 
its  mouth.  Lat.  of  the  hospital,  45°  56'  6"  N.;  Ion,  0°  57' 
7"  W,  Pop,  33,334,  Rochefort  is  fortified,  and  forms  the 
third  military  port  of  France,  It  is  surrounded  by  ramparts 
planted  with  trees,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  school 
of  hydrography,  a  national  college,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
maritime  museum.  In  the  military  port  the  largest  vessels 
float  at  all  times.  Attached  to  it  are  a  prison  and  a  naval 
hospital.  The  commercial  port  admits  vessels  of  800  tons 
close  to  the  quays.  The  arsenal,  one  of  the  largest  in 
France,  has  immense  magazines,  cannon-foundries,  and 
ship-building  docks.  Rochefort  was  only  a  small  town 
when  Louis  XIV,  commenced  its  extension  in  1666.  It 
has  manufactures  of  chronometers  and  farina,  and  exports 
wine,  brandy,  grain,  &o. 

Rochefort,  rosh^foR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
27  miles  S.E,  of  Namur,     Pop.  1720. 

Rochefoucauld,  La.    See  La  Rochefoucaclh 


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Roche-l'Abeille«  roshMi^b^',  a  town  of  jfrance,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saint- Yrieix.    Pop.  1382. 

Rochelle^  a  town  of  France.     See  La  Rochelle. 

Rochelle^  ro-shil',  a  post-village  in  Flagg  township, 
Ogle  CO.,  III.,  on  tbe  Chicago  <&  Iowa  Railroad  where  it 
srosses  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  75  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  23  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dixon,  and  27  miles  S.  of 
Rockford.  It  contains  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national 
banks,  5  eburches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  foundries.  It  is 
connected  with  Rookford  by  a  branch  railroad. 

RochellC)  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ya. 

Rochelle^  or  Sainte  Anne  de  Stukley,  a  post- 
village  in  Sheflford  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo. 

Rochelle  Park^  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  4^  miles  E.  of  Paterson. 

Rochemaure)  rosh^moR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dSche,  near  the  Rhone,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1195. 

Roche  Perc6e  (rosh  per-si')  Creek,  Missouri,  runs 
southward  through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Rocheport,  rosh'port,  a  post-village  in  Missouri 
township,  Boone  co..  Mo.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  10  miles  below  Boonville,  and  about  12  miles  W.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  2  large  steam  mills, 
and  5  churches.     Pop.  823. 

Roche-Posay,  La.    See  La  Rocbe-Posat. 

Roch'ester,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Gravesend.  It  is  situated  on  the  Medway, 
and,  with  Chatham  on  the  E.  and  Stroud  on  the  W.,  it  pic- 
turesquely surrounds  Chatham  Harbor.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  Norman  and  early  English 
architecture,  a  grammar-school  founded  in  1542,  St.  Cath- 
erine's Hospital  for  Poor  Women,  founded  in  1315,  Watt's 
Hospital,  Hayward's  House  of  Industry,  a  town  hall,  a  cus- 
tom-house, theatre,  assembly-room,  two  modern  forts,  sev- 
eral remains  of  ancient  walls,  gateways,  and  monastic 
structures,  and,  on  a  rock  rising  from  the  river,  majestic 
ruins  of  a  Norman  castle.  Coal  is  extensively  imported, 
and  hops  are  exported.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  21,307;  in  1891,  26,309. 

Roch'ester,  a  post- village  in  Rochester  township,  San- 
gamon CO.,  111.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Sangamon  River, 
and  on  the  Spring^eld  division  of  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi 
Railroad,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1440. 

Rochester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind., 
in  Rochester  township,  on  the  outlet  of  a  small  lake,  and  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Laporte,  and  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Logansport.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  graded  school,  and  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  Pop.  in  1890,  2467 ; 
of  the  township,  6063.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Tippecanoe  River. 

Rochester,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Elk- 
hart River,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Kendallville,  and  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Ligonier.     It  has  extensive  water-power. 

Rochester,  a  post- village  in  Rochester  township.  Cedar 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Cedar  River,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Muscatine,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Tipton.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  174 ;  of  the  township,  726. 

,  Rochester,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  tobacco. 

Rochester,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  parish.  La.,  about 
68  miles  E.S.E.  of  Shreveport. 

Rochester,  a  post- village  in  Rochester  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  New  Bedford,  3 
miles  from  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Railroad.  It  contains  an  academy,  lumber-mills,  and  5 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1001. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Avon  township,  Oakland 
00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Clinton  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Pontiac, 
and  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.  It  contains  4 
ohurohes,  2  or  3  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  2  paper-mills,  and 
2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Rochester,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
is  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Zumbro  River,  50  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Winona,  40  miles  E.  of  Owatonna,  and  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
high  school,  a  school-house  which  cost  $80,000,  ample 
water-works,  an  electric-light  system,  3  national  banks,  4 
newspaper  offices,  11  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  3  large 
grain -elevators,  2  machine-shops,  a  furnace,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  carriages,  wagons,  and  butter.  Pop. 
in  1890,  5321. 


Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township,  An- 
drew CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Platte  River,  15  miles  N.N.E  of  St. 
Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  218 ;  of  the  township,  2672. 

Rochester,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  about 
80  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Helena. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township 
Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  near  the  Cocheco  River,  10  miles  N.N.w! 
of  Dover,  78  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  about  30  miles  E.by 
N.  of  Concord.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  &  Main* 
Railroad,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  and 
Portland  <fc  Rochester  Railroads,  and  is  on  the  Portsmouth 
Great  Falls  &  Conway  Railroad.  It  has  several  churches 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  1  or  2  other  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  flannel,  blankets, 
shoes,  Ac.  The  township  contains  other  villages,  named 
Gonic  and  East  Rochester,  and  a  pop.  of  7396. 

Rochester,  a  city,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  and  a 
port  of  entry,  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Genesee 
River,  7  miles  above  its  mouth  in  Lake  Ontario  (where  is 
Charlotte,  its  lake-port),  360  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  New 
York  and  76  miles  E.  of  Suspension  Bridge.  Lat.  43° 
8'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  77°  61'  W.  The  city  is  divided  in  almost 
equal  parts  by  the  Genesee,  which  here  descends  300  feet 
within  3  miles  and  has  3  perpendicular  falls  of  96,  26,  and 
84  feet  respectively.  The  first  of  these  is  located  in  the 
heart  of  the  city  and  affords  immense  water-power.  The 
second  and  third  occur  in  a  deep  ravine  a  couple  of  miles 
farther  down  the  river,  the  power  being  largely  utilized  in 
varied  industries  and  manufactories.  From  the  upper  falls 
almost  to  the  lake  the  river  flows  between  precipitous  walls 
of  rock  ranging  from  100  to  300  feet  high,  presenting  some 
extremely  picturesque  views. 

Rochester  covers  an  area  of  20  square  miles.  The  site 
is  quite  elevated,  the  tracks  of  the  New  York  Central  <k 
Hudson  River  Railroad  crossing  the  city  at  a  height  of 
280  feet  above  lake-level,  and  from  this  the  altitude  ranges 
to  440  feet,  the  highest  points  being  in  Mount  Hope  Ceme- 
tery. The  city  is  mostly  laid  out  in  squares,  with  streets 
generally  shaded,  and  from  66  to  upward  of  100  feet  in 
width.  The  principal  business  thoroughfares  are  Main, 
State,  St.  Paul,  Clinton,  and  Exchange  Streets.  The  first 
named  is  in  the  geographical  centre  of  the  city  and  crosses 
the  others  at  right  angles.  It  also  crosses  the  river  over 
a  handsome  substantial  bridge,  on  both  sides  of  which  are 
erected  large  business  blocks.  Another  remarkable  bridge 
stmcture  is  a  grand  aqueduct  of  cut  stone  (848  feet  long, 
with  a  channel  45  feet  wide),  supported  by  9  arches,  by 
which  the  Erie  Canal  crosses  the  Genesee  River.  Rochester 
is  noted  for  its  many  tall  and  handsome  buildings,  among 
the  more  noteworthy  being  the  city  hall,  a  handsome  edi- 
fice of  blue  limestone,  with  a  tower  175  feet  high;  the 
county  court-house,  of  brick,  trimmed  with  limestone,  with 
a  tall  Ionic  portico ;  the  high  school,  or  Free  Academy,  of 
brick,  with  sandstone  trimmings ;  the  Arcade,  roofed  with 
glass,  and  containing  a  number  of  retail  stores  and  offices; 
the  Powers  Building,  an  immense  structure,  with  a  tower 
13  stories  high,  of  stone,  glass,  and  iron,  containing  banks, 
retail  stores,  offices,  studios,  and  in  the  four  upper  stories 
a  fine  art  gallery,  which  is  said  to  have  cost  the  owner 
between  $2,000,000  and  $3,000,000.  Besides  these  build- 
ings  are  the  Rochester  Savings-Bank  building,  of  brown 
stone,  9  stories  high;  the  German  Insurance  building,  10 
stories ;  the  Wilder  building,  11  stories ;  Powers  Hotel,  10 
stories ;  Elwood  Block,  8  stories ;  Bllwanger  &  Barry  build- 
ing, 10  stories ;  and  the  Granite  Block,  of  white  marble  and 
brown  granite,  13  stories  high.  In  addition  to  its  im- 
posing church  edifices,  of  which  there  are  more  than  100, 
including  several  French  and  German,  Rochester  contains 
numerous  libraries,  asylums,  homes  for  children,  old  women, 
Ac,  a  State  Industrial  School  with  accommodations  for 
900  boys  and  400  girls,  the  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
the  State  Deaf-Mute  Institute,  4  large  hospitAls,  35  com- 
modious and  well-appointed  school-houses,  besides  the 
buildings  of  the  University  of  Rochester  and  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  The  University  of  Rochester  is  nomi- 
nally a  Baptist  institution,  was  established  in  1846,  is  well 
endowed,  has  spacious  grounds  and  buildings,  and  includes 
a  fine  library,  one  of  the  best  geological  collections  in 
the  United  States,  a  fine  laboratory,  Ac.  The  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  is  also  a  flourishing  Baptist  insti- 
tution, established  in  1850,  and  has  a  valuable  library, 
including  the  entire  collection  (4600  volumes)  of  the  eccle- 
siastical historian  Neander.  Rochester  is  entered  by  a  net- 
work of  railways,  the  principal  lines  that  centre  here  being 
the  New  York  Central  A  HuJson  River  (with  branches 
N.  to  Charlotte,  the  lake-port,  W.  to  Suspension  Bridge, 


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•nd  B.  to  Alburn),  the  West  Shore,  the  Northern  Central, 
the  Lehigh  Valley,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  4  Western, 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &,  Ogdensburg,  the  Ba£falo,  Roch- 
ester A  Pittsburg,  the  Western  New  York,  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania. There  are  also  smaller  roads  to  minor  points, 
making  in  all  16  separate  lines  of  railroad  within  the  city. 
The  Erie  Canal  also  furnishes  an  important  channel  of  trade. 
The  foreign  commerce  of  Rochester,  carried  on  chiefly  by 
the  lakes,  is  extensive,  especially  the  coal  output,  Canada 
being  largely  supplied  with  coal  through  this  port.  Its 
domestic  trade  is  still  larger.  Its  vast  water-power  makes 
it  naturally  a  manufacturing  city,  and  while  it  holds  rank 
as  one  of  the  great  flour  producers  of  the  world,  its  manu- 
factures are  extensive  in  other  branches,  among  which  the 
leading  are  ready-made  clothing,  the  annual  value  of  which 
is  over  $20,000,000 ;  boots  and  shoes,  of  which  there  are  over 
150  factories  with  an  annual  product  of  over  $10,000,000; 
tobacco,  cigars,  furniture,  steam-engines,  carriages,  agri- 
cultural machinery  and  implements,  optical  instruments, 
bank  locks,  Sco.  Rochester  is  also  famous  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  lager  beer,  there  being  only  two  or  three  other  cities 
in  the  country  where  a  larger  quantity  is  brewed. 

One  of  the  chief  industries  of  Rochester,  and  for  which 
it  is  noted  the  world  over,  is  its  nurseries.  It  has  an  im- 
mense trade  in  garden-seeds,  fruits,  plants,  and  trees.  The 
Reynolds  Library,  the  gift  to  the  city  of  the  late  Mortimer 
F.  Reynolds,  is  among  the  largest  endowed  libraries  in 
the  United  States,  its  collection  of  30,000  volumes  being 
soon  to  be  increased  to  100,000.  The  city  has  70  miles  of 
electric  street  railway.  Its  streets  extend  over  240  miles ; 
it  has  over  2600  manufacturing  establishments,  employ- 
ing over  40,000  workmen;  capital  invested  in  manufac- 
turing and  wholesale  trade,  $35,000,000;  value  of  manu- 
factured products,  $200,000,000  per  annum ;  water-power 
used  in  manufacturing,  6000  horse-power;  water-power 
undeveloped,  30,000  horse-power.  It  sustains  17  banks,  7 
daily  papers,  besides  several  weekly  and  monthly  publica- 
tions. The  city  is  divided  into  20  wards,  and  its  govern- 
ment is  intrusted  to  a  mayor  and  a  board  of  aldermen,  with 
various  heads  of  departments  and  a  board  of  education ;  it 
has  an  efficient  police  system,  a  paid  fire  department,  a  fire 
and  police  telegraph,  <fcc. ;  its  streets,  stores,  and  houses  are 
lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  it  is  fully  supplied 
with  water  by  two  systems,  separate,  but  capable  of  being 
consolidated  into  one  upon  occasion,  one  of,  which  (operated 
under  the  Holly  patent)  draws  its  water  from  the  river,  the 
other  from  Hemlock  Lake,  29  miles  S.  of  and  400  feet  higher 
than  the  city.  The  first  settler  came  to  the  site  of  Roch- 
ester as  early  as  1788,  but  the  settlement  did  not  actually 
begin  until  1810,  and  it  grew  very  slowly  until  after  the 
war  of  1812 ;  in  this  year.  Colonel  Nathaniel  Rochester 
commenced  the  permanent  improvements  by  the  erection 
of  a  mill  at  the  Upper  Genesee  Falls,  and  partly  laid  out  a 
village ;  in  1817,  Rochesterville  was  incorporated,  and  the 
city  of  Rochester  in  1834,  since  which  time  it  has  steadily 
prospered  and  grown  in  population,  wealth,  and  importance. 
Pop.  in  1815,  331;  in  1820,  1602;  in  1830,  9207;  in  1840, 
20,191;  in  1850,  36,403;  in  1860,  48,204;  in  1870,  62,386; 
in  1875,  81,813;  in  1880,  89,366;  in  1890, 133,896;  in  1892 
(state  census),  144,834. 
Rochester,  a  township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  3557. 
Rochester,  Columbiana  co.,  0.  See  East  Rochester. 
Rochester,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Roch- 
ester township,  42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  20 
miles  N.  of  Ashland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  691. 

Rochester,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  C,  in  Noble  town- 
ship, near  Rochester  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Rochester,  or  Roachester,  a  village  in  Salem  town- 
•hip,  Warren  co.,  C,  near  the  Little  Miami  River,  2i  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Morrow.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  155. 

Rochester,  a  post-borough  in  Rochester  township, 
Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  at  its  mouth,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Pittsburg,  and  2  miles  S.  of  New  Brighton.  It  is  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  A  bridge 
over  the  Beaver  River  connects  Rochester  with  Bridge- 
water.  It  has  2  banks,  8  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  coffins,  tumblers,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  3649 ;  of  the 
township,  additional,  1012. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  among  the  Green  Mountains,  on  a  branch 
of  the  White  River,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rutland. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1444. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township.  Ra- 
tine CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fc2  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mus- 


kego  River,  24  miles  W.  of  Racine,  and  about  26  milM 
S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  water-power,  and  contains  2 
churches,  the  Rochester  Seminary,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foun- 
dry, and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  392;  of  township,  844. 

Roch'ester,  or  Belle  River,  a  post-village  in  Essex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  208  miles  S.W. 
of  Toronto.  It  has  grist-  and  carding-mills,  several  hotels, 
and  stores.     Pop,  300. 

Rochester  JDepot,  Lorain  co.,  0,    See  Rochester. 

Rochester  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa 
in  Canoe  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rochetta  del  Tanaro,  ro-kit't&  Ah\  t&-n&'ro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3270. 

Roch'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  15^  miles 
S,E,  of  Chelmsford,     Pop,  of  parish,  1589, 

Roch'ford,  a  mining  post-village  of  Pennington  oo., 
S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  on  Rapid  Creek,  about  20  miles  8. 
of  Deadwood, 

Rochlitz,  roK'lits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Mulde, 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  5769,  It  has  manu- 
factures of  merinoes. 

Rochlitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  34  miles  N.  of  Bid- 
schow.     Pop. 2067. 

Rock,  the  southwesternmost  county  of  Minnesota, 
borders  on  Iowa.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Rock  River  and  by  Beaver  and  Channarambe 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha  and  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroads.  Capital, 
Luverne.     Pop.  in  1870, 138;  in  1880,  3669;  in  1890,  6817. 

Rock,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Rock  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly 
equal  parts,  and  is  also  drained  by  Sugar  and  Turtle  Creeks. 
Tbe  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  beautiful 
scenery.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  This  county  contains 
extensive  prairies,  and  is  liberally  supplied  with  hard  tim- 
ber. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St. 
Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Janesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,030 ; 
in  1880,  38,823 ;  in  1890,  43,220. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Yolo  co,,  Cal. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  111. 

Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lincoln  township,  Cerro  Gordo 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Lime  Creek,  about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Mason 
City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  197.  It 
contains  Rock  Rapids. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  628. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Sioux  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  88. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  84. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Wichita. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  540. 

Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  packing-boxes,  staves,  Ac. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2896. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  47  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1019. 

Rock^abe'ma,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  on 
Rockabema  Lake,  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houlton. 

Rock'all,  a  lofty  and  rocky  islet  of  the  Atlantic,  150 
miles  W.  of  St.  Kilda,  in  lat.  57°  36'  N.,  Ion.  13°  41'  W. 
It  is  inhabited  only  by  sea-birds,  and  is  surrounded  by 
breakers,  but  is  visited  by  fishermen. 

Rock'alo,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga. 

Rock'away,  a  post-village  in  Rockaway  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  river ^f  the  same  name,  on  the  Moms 
Canal  and  the  Morris  A  Essex  division  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mor- 
ristown,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Dover.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
rolling-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  forge,  and  a  grist-uuU. 
The  township  contains  mines  of  iron  and  a  village  named 
Mount  Hope.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6033. 

Rockaway,  a  fashionable  watering-place  in  Hempstead 
township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic,  and  on  the 
Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  18  miles  from  Brooklyn. 
It  contains  numerous  hotels  and  4  churches.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  was  changed  from   Rockaway  to  Lawrene* 


KOC 


2294 


ROC 


Station  in  1876.  Near  here  is  Rockaway  Beach,  a  long, 
narrow  sand-bar  or  peninsula,  which  separates  Jamaica  Bay 
from  the  sea.  Steamboats  ply  between  Rockaway  and  New 
fork  City. 

Rockaway y  a  post-office  and  station  of  Seneca  co.,  0., 
on  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Tiffin. 

Rockaway  Beach,  a  station  of  the  Long  Island  Bail- 
road,  26J  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Rockaway  Beach.    See  Rockawat. 

Rockaway  River,  New  Jersey,  intersects  Morris  oo. 
with  a  very  sinuous  course.  It  runs  eastward  and  south- 
eastward, passes  Dover  and  Boonton,  and  enters  the  Passaic 
River  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Newark. 

Rock  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  or 
near  the  Missouri  River,  about  40  miles  below  Omaha.  It 
is  7  miles  S.  of  Plattsmouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock  Bot'toiu,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stow  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Assabet  River,  and  on  the  Marl- 
borough Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  25  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory 
of  flannel. 

Rock  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 

Rock'bridge,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  drained  by  the  North,  Calf 
Pasture,  South,  and  James  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
chestnut,  maple,  oak,  tulip-tree,  &o.  Among  its  physical 
features  is  the  celebrated  Natural  Bridge,  which  is  near  the 
James  River  and  crosses  Cedar  Creek  by  a  rocky  arch  about 
200  feet  high.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  is  partly  based  on 
good  Silurian  limestone.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  cat- 
tle are  the  staple  products.  The  James  River  Canal  parses 
through  the  southern  part  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  traverse  this  county, 
both  of  which  connect  with  Lexington,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,058;  in  1880,  20,003;  in  1890,  23,062. 

Rockbridge,  Greene  co.,  111.    See  Sheffield. 

Rockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Rockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rockbridge,  Hocking  co.,  0.    See  Millville. 

Rockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockbridge  township, 
Richland  co.,  Wis.,  on  Pine  River,  about  60  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Madison,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill.  The  township  has  a  remarkable  natural 
bridge  and  a  tunnel  or  arch  where  Pine  River  passes 
through  a  hill.  The  top  of  the  bridge  is  about  60  feet 
above  the  water.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1132. 

Rockbridge  Alum  Springs,  a  post-office  and  water- 
ing-place of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Staun- 
ton, and  6  miles  S.  of  Goshen  Station.  Here  are  medicinal 
springs. 

Rockbridge  Baths,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Rockbridge  oo.,  Va.,  10  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rockbridge  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo..  Mo., 
5  miles  S.  of  Columbia.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rock  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Rock  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Rock  Castle,  kas's§l,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 
part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  280  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Rock  Castle  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Dick's  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bitu- 
minous coal.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad  and  by  the  Kentucky  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  714f> 
in  1880,  9670;  in  1890,  9841. 

Rock  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  tne 
Cumberland  River,  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Rock  Castle,  a  post-hamlfet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  about 
64  miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville. 

Rock  Castle,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
32  miles  N.AV.  of  Charleston. 

Rock  Castle  River,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Jack- 
son CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  and  forms  the  boundary 
between  tho  cos.  of  Laurel  and  Pulaski  until  it  enters  the 
Cumberland  River.     It  is  nearly  65  miles  long. 

Rock  Castle  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Pulaski  CO.,  Ky.,  on  Rook  Castle  River,  23  miles  E. 
of  Somerset. 


Rock  Cave,  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Centreville 

Rock  City,  Stephenson  co.,  111.    See  Rock  Rdn. 

Rock  City,  a  station  in  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Clean,  Bradford  &  Warren  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Clean. 
Near  this  place  is  a  group  of  rocks  arranged  by  nature  like 
the  buildings  of  a  town,  with  regular  streets,  and  covering 
about  100  acres. 

Rock  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Milan  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  shoes,  and  wagons. 

Rock  City  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Kayaderosseras  Creek,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ballston,  and  about 
32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  and  3 
paper-mills  which  manufacture  manila  and  printing  papers. 

Rock  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

Rock  Creek,  California,  runs  S.W.  between  Butte  and 
Tehama  cos.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River. 

Rock  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  south- 
westward  in  Whiteside  co.,  and  enters  Rock  River. 

Rock  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Cass  co.,  runs  westward, 
and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Carroll  co. 

Rock  Creek  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  runs  south- 
ward through  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  enters  the  Po- 
tomac River  at  the  upper  part  of  Washington,  forming  the 
boundary  between  that  city  and  Georgetown. 

Rock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Adams  co.,  runs 
southward  into  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Monocacy  River. 

Rock  Creek,  Wyoming,  runs  northwestward  through 
the  Laramie  Plains,  and  enters  the  Medicine  Bow  River  in 
Carbon  co.  Its  source  is  near  Rock  Creek  Station  on  tba 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Hot  Springs.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Rock  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles  E. 
of  Dal  ton. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co..  III.  It 
contains  a  village  named  Lanark.     Pop.  of  township,  2056. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Hancock  co..  111.     Pop.  1201. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  111.  Pop.  856. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1203. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1316. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rock  Creek  township, 
Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Huntington.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  pump-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township 
is  drained  by  the  Wabash  River.     Pop.  1639. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1326. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     P.  576. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Mason  City. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Butler  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  437. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Cofi"ey  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  312. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  669. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Rock  Creek  township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Topeka.  Pop.  of  township, 
114T. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1135.     It  contains  Sabetha. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas 
Pop.  714.     It  contains  Westmoreland. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  AVabaunsee  co.,  Kan.    P.  133. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pine  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Lake  Superior  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  59  miles  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     Pop.  of  Rock  Creek  township,  69. 

Rock  Creek,  a  station  in  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1082. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     P.  960. 

Rock  Creek,  Ashtabula  co.,  0.     See  Morgan. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  in  McMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Washington. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     P.  531. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laramie. 

Rock  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Rock'dale,.a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia 
has  an  area  of  about  126  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  This  county  is  traversed  in  a  southeasterly 
direction  by  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Conyers,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  6838  ;   in  1890,  6813. 

Rockdale,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala 


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Rockdale^  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  Hirer,  2  miles  below  Dubuque.  It  has  a  ohuroh 
and  a  tiuur-mill. 

Rockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  16  miles  N. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  distillery. 

Rockdale,  a  post-offioe  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Rockdale,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
TJnadilla  River,  and  on  the  New  Berlin  Branch  of  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  32  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  creamery. 

Rockdale,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  37  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Rockdale,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1664. 

Rockdale,  a  village  in  Aston  township,  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  and 
on  Chester  Creek,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

JElockdale,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Meroersburg,  Pa. 

Rockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Lehigh  River,  12^  miles 
above  Allentown. 

Rockdale,  a  post-village  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  61  miles  E.N.E. 
Austin.     It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 

oe,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Rockdale  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 

'1>n  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lenox. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Rockdale  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  several  stores, 
»CTi8t-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 
~^  Rockdale  Faper> Mills,  a  post-village  of  Rockdale 

,,  Ga.,  2  miles  from  Conyers.     It  has  a  paper-mill,  and 

.nufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  <fcc. 

Rock  Dell,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Olmsted  co., 

inn.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.    Pop.  of  township,  1010. 

Rock  £lm,  a  post-offioe  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mioh. 

Rock  £lin,  a  post-township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.     Pop. 

i9.     It  contains  Rook  Elm  Centre. 

Rock  Elm  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis., 

Rock  Elm  township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Wing. 

has  2  churches. 

Rockenhausen,  rok'kQn-hdw^z^n,  a  town  of  Rhen- 
Bavaria,  13  miles  N.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1852. 

Rock  E'non  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  re- 
brt  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Great  North  Mountain,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  hotel  and  mineral 
springs. 

Rock  Fall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  New  Haven,  Middletown  &  Willimantio  Railroad,  about 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Middletown. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post- village  in  Coloma  township, White- 
side CO.,  111.,  on  Rock  River,  nearly  opposite  Sterling,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Amboy,  and  77  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  a  mit- 
ten-factory, a  planing-mill,  and  several  factories.     P.  894. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Charles  City,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mason  City.  It  has  a 
ehurcb,  a  newspaper  office,  and  1  or  2  mills.     Pop.  350. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sand  Beach  township, 
Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  68  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Neb.,  on 
Spring  Creek,  30  miles  S.  of  Plum  Creek  Railroad  Station. 
•  It  has  a  church. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Ste^itesville. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  Rock 
Creek,  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Rock  Farm,  a  post-village  of  Russell  oo.,  Va.,  li 
miles  S.  of  Clinch  River,  and  28  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Rock'field,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  289. 

Rockfield,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  cf  Bowling 
Green.     It  has  several  stores. 

Rockfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee. 


Rock  Fish,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.     P.  2982. 

Rock'fish,  a  post-township  of  Duplin  oo.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1380.  It  contains  a  village  named  Rose  Hill,  and  abounds 
with  forests  of  pine,  cypress,  ash,  Ac. 

Rockfish  Creek,  Cumberland  oo.,  N.C,  runs  E.,  and 
enters  the  Cape  Fear  River  12  miles  below  Fayetteville. 

Rockfish  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Nelson 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Rockfish  Creek  and  the  Virginia  Midland  Rail- 
rojid,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottesville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Rockfish  Gap,  Virginia,  a  pass  through  the  Blue 
Ridge  where  the  latter  is  crossed  by  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton. 

Rock'ford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  hilly  country,  in  which  granite  and  marble  are  found. 
It  has  a  church. 

Rockford,  a  flourishing  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of 
Winnebago  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Rook  River  at  the  con- 
vergence of  four  trunk  railroad  lines,  having  75  trains 
daily,  93  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  20  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Beloit,  Wis.  It  contains  35  commodious  churches, 
a  school  system  embracing  74  public  schools,  a  state  and  7 
national  banks,  29  incorporated  furniture  companies,  an 
elegant  hotel  erected  at  a  cost  of  $250,000,  a  fine  govern- 
ment building  ($100,000),  a  public  library  of  18,500  vol- 
umes, and  manufactures  of  cottons,  woollens,  paper,  watches, 
iron  products  and  machinery,  farming  utensils,  brewery 
products,  Ac.  Its  manufacturing  establishments  number 
about  200  and  give  employment  to  about  12,000  hands. 
Thirty-two  miles  of  electric  railway  traverse  its  streets, 
and  7  artesian  wells  afford  an  abundance  of  excellent  water. 
Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  13,129;  in  1890,  23,684. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Driftwood  or  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  16  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Rockford  township,  Floyd 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Lime 
Creek,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  about  15  miles 
W.  of  Charles  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
800  ;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1010. 

Rockford,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.    P.  911. 

Rockford,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  about 
16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Port  Scott. 

Rockford,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
798.     It  contains  El  Paso. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Algoma  township,  Kent 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Rouge  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A 
Indiana  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It 
has  a  banking-house,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a 
lumber-mill,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.     Pop.   about  900. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Rockford  township,  Wright 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  left  bank  of  Crow  River,  just  below  the 
junction  of  its  two  forks,  about  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Min- 
neapolis, and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  250 ;  of  the  township,  794. 

Rockford,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  about  45  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Rockford,  a  post-offioe  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Rockford,  a  hamlet  of  Elkhorn  co..  Neb.,  on  Elkhorn 
River,  i  mile  from  O'Neill  City.    It  has  a  church. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C,  in  Rock 
ford  township,  on  the  Yadkin  River,  about  75  miles  N.  ol 
Charlotte.  It  has  a  church  and  2  tobacco-factories.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  890. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Knoxville  A  Charleston  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  cot- 
ton-factory. 

Rockford,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  from  Waterford.     Pop.  100. 

Rock  Glen,  Pennsylvania.    See  Falls  Run  Citt. 

Rock  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Rook  Grove  township, 
Stephenson  co.,  III.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Freeport. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1096. 

Rock  Grove,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
713,  exclusive  of  Nora  Springs. 

Rock  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  ohuroh  and  an  oyster-fishery. 


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Kockhamp'toU)  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Queensland, 
on  Fitzroy  River,  45  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  420  miles 
N.W.  of  Brisbane.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Great  Northern 
Railway.     Pop.  8052. 

Rock  Ha'veU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  2  miles  from  Muldraugh  Station,  and  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  flour-mill. 

Rock  Hill)  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Miss. 

Rock  Hilly  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 

Rock  Hilly  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Kennon. 

Rock  Hill,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  3363. 

Rockhilly  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Rock  Hill,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.     See  Obbisonia. 

Rock  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Conestoga  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  from  Safe  Harbor.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Rock  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Catawba  township,  York 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charlotte,  N.C.,  and  19  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chester.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  5 
churches,  and  an  important  cotton-trade.    Pop.  (1890)  2744. 

Rock  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Rock  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Dallas. 

Rock'holds,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Rock  Honse,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ey. 

Rock'house,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Hook- 
ing CO.,  0.,  in  Laurel  township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Logan. 

Rockhouse,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Rockhouse,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Rock'ingham,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  New 
Hampshire,  borders  on  Massachusetts.  Area,  about  700 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Lamprey  and  Piscataqua 
Rivers  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  hilly,  di- 
versified with  numerous  lakes,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  oak,  beech,  ash,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  mostly  productive.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  In- 
dian corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  several  brancnes  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad.  Cap- 
itals, Exeter  and  Portsmouth.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,297;  in 
1880,  49,064;  in  1890,  49,650. 

Rockingham,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  608  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Dan  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Mayo  and  Haw  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad,  the  Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad, 
and  the  Roanoke  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Went- 
worth.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,708;  in  1880,  21,744;  in  1890, 
25,363. 

Rockingham,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  883  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Shenandoah  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  North  Fork 
of  that  river.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Valley 
of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  another  moun- 
tain-ridge. The  surface  is  finely  diversified,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  an  abundance  of  good  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Norfolk  &  Western 
Railroad.  Capital,  Harrisonburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,668 ; 
in  1880,  29,567;  in  1890,  31,299. 

Rockingham,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  318. 

Rockingham,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co.,  Mo. 

Rockingham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richmond  co., 
N.C.,  in  Rockingham  township,  and  on  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad,  71  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte,  about  50  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Fayetteville,  and  5  miles  E.  of  the  Pedee  or  Yad- 
kin River.  It  has  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
churches,  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  about  800. 

Rockingham,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Vt.,  on  Williams  River,  and  on  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River.  It  contains  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  3  paper-mills,  and  2  wool- 
len-mills. Pop.  of  the  township,  including  Bellows  Falls, 
3797.     It  also  contains  a  village  named  Saxton's  River. 

Rockingham  Bay,  a  spacious  and  beautiful  harbor 
«n  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  in  lat.  18°  10'  E. 


Rock  Island,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Rock  River,  which  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi in  this  county.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products,  and  bituminous 
coal  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Limestone  is 
abundant  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a  number  of 
railroads.  Capital,  Rock  Island.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,783; 
in  1880,  38,302;  in  1890,  41,917. 

Rock  Island,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Rock 
Island  CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite 
Davenport,  Iowa,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  noble 
double-decked  iron  bridge  for  railway  trains  and  carriages, 
erected  by  the  United  States  government,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,300,000.  By  railroad  this  city  is  244  miles  N.  of  St. 
Louis,  and  182  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  a  ter- 
minus or  important  point  of  several  other  railways.  In  the 
river  opposite  the  upper  portion  of  the  city  is  the  island 
from  which  it  derives  its  name  and  which  is  noted  as  the 
site  of  an  important  government  armory  and  arsenal,  in 
the  erection  of  which  over  $10,000,000  has  been  expended. 
Its  shops  embrace  10  massive  stone  structures  devoted  to 
the  manufacture  of  arms  and  military  equipments,  is  thickly 
wooded,  with  handsome,  park-like  drives,  and  is  connected 
by  bridges  with  the  three  cities  of  Rock  Island,  Davenport, 
and  Moline.  A  system  of  electric  street-cars  extends  over 
the  island  and  bridges  to  these  cities.  The  main  and  navi- 
gable channel  of  the  Mississippi  is  on  the  N.  (Iowa)  side  of 
the  island;  on  the  S.  (Illinois)  side  is  an  extensive  dam 
which  supplies  power  to  the  arsenal  and  also  to  the  manu- 
facturing establishments  of  Moline.  The  city  of  Rock 
Island  contains  a  court-house,  23  churches,  7  graded  schools, 
a  high  school,  Augustana  College  and  Theological  Semi- 
nary, 4  banks,  2  daily,  1  semi-weekly,  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers, and  several  monthly  periodicals.  Its  leading  in- 
dustries are  3  saw-mills,  a  plough -factory,  stove- works,  a 
carriage-factory,  sash-  and  door- factories,  Ac,  besides  which 
there  are  numerous  wholesale  and  retail  stores.  It  is  pro- 
vided with  gas-  and  electric-lighting  plants.  Pop.  in  1890, 
13,634  ;  in  1894,  about  20,000. 

Rock  Island,  a  village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Cannelton.     Pop.  241. 

Rock  Island,  a  station  in  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Portland. 

Rock  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  66  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Rock  Island,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Massawippi  Valley  Railway,  1  mile  from  Stanstead. 
It  contains  3  large  boot-  and  shoe-factories,  2  iron-foun- 
dries, a  soap-factory,  a  printing-office,  and  about  12  stores. 
There  are  mineral  springs  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  800. 
.  Rock  Lake,  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  is  about  7  miles  N.W 
of  JeflFerson.     It  is  nearly  3  miles  long. 

Rock  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn. 

Rock  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Carbondale. 

Rock'land,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  nearly  206  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River  (here 
called  Tappan  Bay),  and  also  drained  by  the  Ramapo  and 
Hackensack  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  mostly 
hilly  or  mountainous.  The  western  part  is  occupied  by  the 
Ramapo  Mountains,  which  are  steep,  rocky,  and  barren. 
Hay,  butter,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  The 
rocks  found  near  the  surface  are  granite,  gneiss,  limestone, 
and  red  sandstone,  which  is  a  good  material  for  building. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  Yor^Laie  Erie  & 
Western  Railroad,  the  New  Jersey  A  New  To&rk  Railroad, 
the  Sterling  Mountain  Railroad,  and  the  West  Shore  Rail- 
road. Capital,  New  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,213;  in  1876, 
26,951;  in  1880,  27,690;  in  1890,  35,162. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Brandy  wine  Creek,  1  mile  from  Dupont,  which  is  7  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rockland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  6i 
miles  S.  of  Waukegan.     It  has  a  church. 

Rockland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Blue  River  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rockland,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on  Big  Barren 
River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  quarriM 
of  good  limestone. 


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Rockland)  a  city,  the  oapital  of  Enoz  oo.,  Me.,  ia 
situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Penobsoot  Bay,  about  10  miles 
from  the  ooean,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  is  49 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bath,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Knox  &  Lincoln  division  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad. 
Steamboats  plying  between  Boston  and  Bangor  touch  at  its 
wharves,  and  it  is  the  terminus  of  a  dozen  steamboat  lines 
connecting  with  adjacent  islands  and  coastwise  towns. 
Bookland  contains  9  churches,  a  county  court-house  of 
brick  and  granite,  costing  about  $80,000,  a  granite  post- 
office  and  custom-house  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $175,000, 
a  public  library,  3  national  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  system  of  graded  schools,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  a  daily  and  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  Water  is 
brought  to  this  city  by  costly  water-works  from  a  lake  9 
miles  distant.  Rockland  has  an  iron-foundry,  severaj 
machine-shops,  a  brass-foundry,  and  numerous  lime-kilus, 
the  city  being  the  largest  producer  of  lime  in  the  country. 
Ship-building  is  also  carried  on  here.  About  1,500,000 
casks  of  good  lime  are  annually  exported  from  this  port. 
Here  are  large  quarries  of  excellent  granite,  which  have 
supplied  material  for  the  custom-house  of  St.  Louis  and 
the  post-offices  of  New  York  and  Cincinnati.  An  electric 
railroad  traverses  the  principal  streets  of  the  city  and  con- 
nects it  with  other  towns  of  the  county,  the  plant  also 
furnishing  light  and  power  to  three  towns.  This  town  was 
incorporated  in  1848,  and  chartered  as  a  city  in  1854.  Pop. 
in  1860,  7316;  in  1870,  7074;  in  1880,  7599;  in  1890,  8174. 

Rockland)  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  19i  miles 
8.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  and  extensive  manufactories  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop,  of  township  in  1890,  5213. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  On- 
tonagon CO.,  Mich.,  near  the  Ontonagon  River,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Ontonagon  village,  and  about  44  miles  S.W.  of 
Houghton.  It  has  rich  copper-mines,  3  churches,  and  a 
brewery.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  Sul- 

an  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver  Kill  Creek,  and  on  the  New 
Wk  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  57  miles  N.W.  of  Middle- 
town.     It  is  often  called  Westfield  Flats,  but  the  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Rockland.     It  has  2  tanneries,  2  hotels,  5 
stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  30  houses.    The  township  con- 
I       tains  a  village  named  Morsston  Depot.     Pop.  of  the  town- 
— ^ipin  1890,  2868. 

Rockland,  Washington  co.,  0.     See  Gedarville. 

Rockland,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1451. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  Ve- 
go  CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Franklin,  and  3  miles 
of  Rockland  Station.     The  township  is  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  contains  Scrub  Grass,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2068. 

Rockland,  a  station  in  Venango  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Parker,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  the  village  of  Rockland. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Soituate  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  331. 

Rockland,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  Wis.     Pop.  806. 

Rockland,  a  village  of  Klikitat  oo.,  Washington,  on 
the  Columbia,  opposite  The  Dalles. 

Rockland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  La  Crosse  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  19 
miles  E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Rockland,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.    P.  1143. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Russell  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Ottawa,  26  miles  below  Ottawa.     Pop.  130. 

Rockland,  a  post- village  in  Westmoreland  oo.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  3  miles  from  Dor- 
chester.    Pop.  100. 

Rockland  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Clarkstown  town- 
ship, Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  4  miles  N. 
of  Kyack,  and  30  miles  above  New  York.  It  has  a  church, 
a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop.  510.  Here  is  Rockland 
Lake,  3  miles  in  circuit,  from  which  200,000  tons  of  ice  are 
exported  annually. 

Rockland  JMiils,  a  hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  about 
46  miles  E.  of  Bowling  Green.     Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a 

aw-mill. 
Rocklane,  Johnson  oo.,  Ind.    See  Clarksbdrq. 
Rock  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.C. 
Rock  JLick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky.,  13 
miles  S.  of  Hardinsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Rock  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  W.  Va.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Cameron  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rock'lin,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
145 


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14  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  churdi,  large  granite- 
quarries,  an  engine-house,  and  a  machine-shop.    Pup.  542. 

Rocli'lin,  a  post-village  in  Pictoa  oo..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Middle  River,  6^  miles  from  Glengarry.     Pop.  130. 

Rock'mart,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Cherokee  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  CartersTllle.  It  has 
a  high  school  and  2  churches. 

Rock  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala., 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Opelika.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  tannery,  a  pottery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rock  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Washington.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rock  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Mo.,  4  miles 
from  Marquand.     It  has  a  church. 

Rock  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Rogue  River,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  Gtold  and 
silver  are  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  100. 

Rock  Point,  a  post-village  in  Big  Beaver  township, 
Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver  River,  1  mile  from  Clinton, 
and  12  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.    It  has  2  churches. 

Rock'port,  a  station  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Hot  Springs  Railroad,  about  li  miles  from  Malvern,  which 
is  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  is  about  45  miles  S.W.  of 
Little  Rock. 

Rockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  about  55  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  a  general  store. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  in  Atlas  township.  Pike  co., 
111.,  on  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Louisiana,  Mo.,  and  about  3  miles  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  mills. 

Rockport,  a  post-village,  oapital  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind., 
in  Ohio  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  44  miles  above  Evans- 
ville.  By  land  it  is  about  33  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Evanaville, 
and  18  miles  W.  of  Cannelton.  It  is  built  on  a  high  bluflf, 
and  is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  &  Southwestern  Rail- 
road. It  contains  8  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  a  candy- 
factory,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2314. 

Rockport,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas, 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  and  on  the  Paduoah  &  Elizabeth  town  Railroad,  117 
miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  about  400.  Steamboats 
ascend  the  river  to  this  point. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township,  Knox 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  7  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Rockland.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  savings-bank. 
Here  are  quarries  of  limestone,  large  quantities  of  which 
are  burned. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  a 
small  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Atlantic  Ooean, 
and  on  the  Gloucester  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  1  mile  W.  of  Cape  Ann. 
It  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a 
cotton-factory,  and  quarries  of  granite,  of  which  large 
quantities  are  exported.  The  township  contains  a  summer 
resort  named  Pigeon  Cove.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4480. 

Rockport,  a  post-office  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss. 

Rockport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Atchison  co..  Mo., 
in  Tarkio  township,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Nishnabatona, 
64  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Brown- 
ville.  Neb.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
a  banking-house,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  716. 

Rockport,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Mansfield 
township,  3  miles  S.W,  of  Hackettstown.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  125. 

Rockport,  a  post- village  in  Rockport  township,  Cuya- 
hoga CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Kail- 
road,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  several  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  in- 
tersected by  Rocky  River.  Pop.  of  the  village,  about  1100 ; 
of  the  township  (1890),  3205. 

Rockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  15  miles  N.  of  Maaoh 
Chunk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Hanson  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Dakota  River,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yankton. 
Rockport,  Aransas  oo.,  Tex.    See  Aransas  Pass. 
Rockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  16  miles 
S.  of  Echo  Station. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
1 6  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rock'port,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, on  the  W.  side  of  Cumberland  Basin.     Pop.  100. 


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Rock'port)  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mallorytown.     Pop.  126. 

Rockport  Mine*  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Paducah  &  Elizabethtovvn  Railroad,  115J  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville. 

Rock  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co., 
Mo.,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  pottery. 

Rock  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  about 
37  miles  S.E.  of  Madison. 

Rock  Rap'ids,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lyon  oo., 
Iowa,  on  the  Rock  River,  22  miles  W.  of  Sibley.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  and  several  hotels  and  stores.   Pop.  1394. 

Rock  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Col. 
'     Rock  Rift,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad, 
S  miles  S.W.  of  Walton. 

Rock  River,  Iowa  and  Minn.     See  Intan  Reakah. 

Rock  River,  Tennessee.     See  Rocky  River. 

Rock  River  rises  in  Washington  eo..  Wis.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Dodge  co.  After  it  has  intersected 
Jefl'erson  co.  with  a  very  sinuous  course,  it  flows  southward 
through  Rock  co.,  and  crosses  the  N.  boundary  of  Illinois. 
It  subsequently  runs  southwestward,  intersects  the  cos.  of 
Winnebago,  Ogle,  Lee,  Whitesides,  and  Rock  Island  of 
Illinois,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  3  miles  below  the 
city  of  Rock  Island.  It  is  about  375  miles  long.  The 
largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  Watertown,  Janesville, 
Beloit,  Rockford,  Dixon,  and  Sterling.  The  valley  of  Rock 
River  is  wide,  and  noted  for  beauty  and  fertility.  The 
navigation  is  partly  obstructed  by  rapids. 

Rock  River  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Osborn. 

Rock  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in  Rock 
Run  township,  at  Rock  City  Station  of  the  Western  Union 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Freeport.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  Davia,  and  a  pop. 
of  2242. 

Rock  Run,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad  (Low  Grade  division),  74  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Rocks'burg,  or  Rox'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere 
Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Belvidere. 

Rocks  of  Deer  Creek,  post-office,  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  Ark. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  12 
.ailes  S.W.  of  Ringgold.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Mo., 
about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  N.C. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Centre  oo.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Hurricane  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  oo.,  Va. 

Rock  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Port  Deposit. 

Rock  Springs,  or  Ableman,  a  village  in  Excelsior 
township,  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Baraboo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about 
300.     Here  is  Ableman  Post-Office. 

Rock  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Sweetwater  oo.,  Wyo- 
ming, on  Bitter  Creek,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  258 
miles  W.  of  Laramie.  Here  is  a  bed  of  good  coal  (lignite) 
about  9  feet  thick,  and  coal-mining  is  the  principal  busi- 
ness of  the  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3406. 

Rock  Stream,  a  post-village  in  Starkey  township, 
Yates  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.  of  Elmira,  and  nearly  1  mile  W.  of  Seneca  Lake.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Rocks  Village,  a  part  of  the  city  of  Haverhill,  Mass., 
on  the  Merrimac  River,  3  miles  above  Merrimac  Village. 
It  has  a  church. 

Rock'ton,  a  post-village  in  Rockton  township,  Win- 
nebago CO.,  111.,  on  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Peca- 
tonica,  and  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Beloit,  Wis.,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Freeport,  and  15  miles 
N.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  3  paper- 
mills,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1492. 

Rockton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
about  45  miles  W.  of  Lawrence. 

Rockton,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co.,  Neb. 

Rockton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Clearfield 
«;-  Pa.,  on  Anderson  Creek,  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Altoona.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 


Rockton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Eickapoo  River,  about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufacture's  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Rock'ton,a  post- village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  9i 
miles  from  Dundas.     Pop.  100. 

Rock'town,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Ringoes  Station,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Flemington. 

Rocktown,  a  village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in  Arm- 
strong township,  on  the  AVest  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  opposite  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  a  brewery, 
a  brick-yard,  a  lumber-mill,  a  furniture-factory,  Ac. 

Rock'vale,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  is  intersected 
by  Rock  River.     Pop.  757. 

Rockvale,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Rock  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railway,  83  miles  W. 
of  Emmettsburg.  It  has  several  churches  and  schools,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Rock'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles  N.  of 
Bridgeport.     It  has  a  cbarch. 

Rockville,  a  flourishing  city  in  Vernon  township,  Tol- 
land CO.,  Conn.,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  The  Rock- 
ville Branch  Railroad,  which  is  4  or  5  miles  long,  connects 
at  Vernon  with  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad, 
and  another  branch  railroad  connects  at  Melrose.  Rock- 
ville has  abundant  water-power,  supplied  by  Snipsic  Lake, 
the  outlet  of  which  (Hockanum  River)  has  here  a  fall  of 
280  feet.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  opera-houses,  a  high 
school,  2  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  2  newspaper  office?, 
1  cotton-  and  6  woollen-mills,  gas-  and  electric-lighting- 
works,  and  manufactnres  of  silk,  stockinet,  and  envelopes.. 
Pop.  8000. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockville  township,  Kan- 
kakee CO.,  111.,  on  the  Kankakee  River,  24  miles  S.  of  Joliet, 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Kankakee  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1112. 

Rockville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Parke  oo.,  lad.,  in 
Adams  township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  South  • 
western  Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  (1890)  1689.   Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad, 
about  29  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  about 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township,  Knox 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  3  or  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rock- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Rockville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-house, 
a  jail,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Rockville  Academy,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  660. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Mass.,  in 
Medway  township,  on  Charles  River,  2  miles  from  Medway 
Station,  and  about  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Rockville,  a  village  of  Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  within 
the  city  limits  of  Fitchburg. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  in  Rockville  township.  Steam* 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Cloud.     Pop.  of  the  township,  443. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  and  on  the  Missouii,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 67  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.     Pop.  about  350. 

Rockville,  a  post-office  of  Sherman  co..  Neb. 

Rockville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  1^  miles  from 
Sands  Station.     It  has  a  creamery. 

Rockville,  a  village  in  Green  township,  Adams  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  below  Portsmouth. 

Rockville,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Northern  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Reading. 

Rockville,  Clinton  co..  Pa.     See  MacElhattbn. 

Rockville,  a  village  in  Susquehanna  township,  Dauphin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Reading^ 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  2  churches^ 
The  railroad  here  crosses  the  river  on  an  iron  bridge.    Pop 
259.     Here  is  Fort  Hunter  Post-Office. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  R.I. 
about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  t 
graded  school,  and  a  factory.     Pop.  168. 


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Rockville,  a  township  of  Anderson  cc,  S.C.    Pop.  871. 

Ruckville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Virgin  River. 

Rockville^  a  post-office  of  Hanover  oo.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Ashland. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Potosi  township,  Orant 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Rock'ville^  a  post- village  in  Kings  oo.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 6  miles  from  Sussex.     Pop.  100. 

Rockville  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches,  2  newspapers,  Ac.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Rock'wall,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  150  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small 
afSuents  of  the  Sabine  and  Trinity  Rivers.  Cotton  and 
maize  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Rockwall.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2984  J  in  1890,  6972. 

Rockwall  y  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rookwall  co., 
Tex.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Rock'well,  a  post-village  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  12  miles  S.  of  Mason 
City.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Rockwell,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  <fe  Western  Railroad,  5i  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Rockwell,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  about  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Rockwell,  or  Am'herst  Shore,  a  post  village  in 
Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  22  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Rockwell  City,  a  post- village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Twin  Lakes  township,  12  miles  S.  of  Pomeroy. 

RockAvell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guilford  town- 
ship, Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  Berlin  Branch  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.  of  New  Berlin.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rock'wood,  a  post-office  of  La  Plata  co..  Col.,  32  miles 
S.  of  Silverton. 

Rockwood  (formerly  Liberty),  a  post- village  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  10  miles 
below  Chester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Rockwood,  a  post-village  in  Brownstown  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Canada  Southern 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit,  and  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Monroe.  It  has  a  hotel,  4  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  staves.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rockwood,  a  post-village  in  Ephratah  township,  Ful- 
ton CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Garoga  Creek,  7*  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Johns- 
town, and  about  38  miles  E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  board-paper.     Pop.  300. 

Rockwood,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Rockwood,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  & 
Buffalo  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Oil  City,  Pa. 

Rockwood,  Somerset  co..  Pa.    See  Shaff's  Bridsb. 

Rockwood,  a  post-town  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Queen  &  Crescent  Railway  route,  70  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Chattanooga,  and  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  Here  are  the  works  of  the  Roane  Iron  Company. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1011 ;  in  1890,  2429. 

Rockwood,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Welling- 
ton, on  the  River  Speed,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
41  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  2 
eburches,  3  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Rock'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  46  miles  N.W. 
of  Colorado  Springs. 

Rocky  Bar,  a  post- village  of  Elmore  co.,  Idaho,  is  at 
the  confluence  of  Bear  and  Steel  Creeks,  about  100  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bois6  City.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  here. 
There  are  6  quartz-mills  in  Rocky  Bar  and  its  vicinity. 

Rocky  Brook,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I., 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church.  P.  447. 
Rocky  Comfort,  kum'f9rt,  a  post-village  of  Little 
River  co..  Ark.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Texarkana,  and  about  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Red  River.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rocky  Comfort,  a  post-village  of  McDonald  co..  Mo., 
16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pierce  City,  and  about  32  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Rocky  Comfort  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  the 
Ogeechee  River  near  Louisville. 

Rocky  Creek,  Tatnall  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the  Ohoopee. 

Rocky  Creek,  of  Chester  co.,  S.C,  enters  the  Wateree 
River  on  the  right,  near  Rocky  Mount. 


Rocky  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  19 
miles  W.  of  Calhoun. 

Rocky  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  th« 
Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 

Rocky  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Rocky  Fork  of  Paint  Creek,  Ohio,  joins  that  stream 
on  the  line  between  Highland  and  Ross  cos. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.     P.  1870. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Licking  co.,  0. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Pocotaligo  River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a 
coal-mine. 

Rocky  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va. 

Rocky  Grove,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C. 
Pop.  697. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  river.  Pop 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1069. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ran.,  23  milei 
N.  by  E.  of  Ellsworth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  about  106  miles  S. 
of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  <k  Raritan  Canal,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  woollen- 
factory,  stone-quarries,  and  3  churches.  The  Rocky  Hill 
Branch  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Monmouth 
Junction. 

Rocky  Hill,  Jackson  co.,  0.    See  Winchester. 

Rocky  Hill  Station,  a  post-village  of  Edmondson 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  18  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock'y  Island,  or  Lot'tin,  an  island  of  the  South 
Pacific,  off'  the  N.  coast  of  Papua,  in  lat.  5°  20'  S.,  Ion. 
147°  36'  E.  It  presents  an  immense  cone  of  from  3000  to 
4000  feet  in  height. 

Rocky  Knoll,  nole,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Rocky  Meadow,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
about  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La., 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-village  in  Rocky  Mount  town- 
ship, Edgecombe  co.,  N.C,  1  mile  from  the  Tar  River,  and 
on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Tarborough  Branch,  41  miles  N.  of  Goldsborough.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money -order  post-office, 
an  academy,  a  cotton-factory,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Pop.  in 
1890,  816;  of  the  township,  1870. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo., 
Va.,  in  Rocky  Mount  township,  on  an  affiuent  of  the  Staun- 
ton River,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Danville,  and  55  miles  S.W. 
of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  2034. 

Rocky  Mountains  (Fr.  Montagnes  Rocheuaes,  mftn**- 
tiri'  ro'shuz' ;  Sp.  Cordillera,  kor-deel-yi'ri ;  Ger.  FeUen- 
gebirge,  f81's§n-ga-b5SR'ga),  called  also  the  Chippe- 
wyan  (chip-pe-wi'an)  Mountains,  the  most  extensive 
chain  or  system  of  mountains  of  North  America,  extending 
in  a  general  N.N.W.  direction  through  the  western  portion 
of  the  United  States  and  British  America,  from  Mexico  to 
the  Arctic  Ocean.  The  principal  ranges  connected  with 
this  system  have  received  separate  names,  and  some  of 
them  are  known  by  several  synonyms.  Among  them  are 
Snowy  Range,  or  "  Continental  Divide,"  National  Range, 
Wind  River  Mountains,  Laramie  Range,  Medicine  Bow 
Range,  Elk  Mountains,  Park  Range,  Sierra  San  Juan,  Big 
Horn  Mountains,  Bitter  Root  Mountains.  Sangre  de  Cristo 
Range,  Saguache  Mountains,  and  Uintah  Mountains.  These 
are  separately  noticed  under  their  proper  heads.  "The 
fact,"  says  Hayden,  "  that  nearly  all  the  ranges,  however 
small  they  may  be,  or  distinct  from  each  other,  are  con- 
nected together  by  some  link,  however  obscure,  illustrates 
the  unity  and  simplicity  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  system." 
"  This  mountain-mass,"  says  Dana,  "  is  not  a  narrow  bar- 
rier between  the  East  and  West,  as  might  be  inferred  from 
the  ordinary  maps,  but  a  vast  yet  gentle  swell  of  the  sur- 
face, having  a  base  1000  miles  in  breadth,  and  the  Blop«t 


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diversified  with  various  mountain-ridges  or  spreading  out 
In  plateaus  at  diflferent  levels."  ("  Manual  of  Geology.") 
The  average  eastern  slope  seldom  exceeds  10  feet  in  a  mile. 
The  Wind  River  Mountains  in  Wyoming  form  the  dividing 
crest  or  watershed  which  separates  the  affluents  of  the 
Atlantic  from  those  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  This  range  is 
composed  to  a  large  extent  of  feldspathic  granite.  "  Within 
a  radius  «.f  ten  miles,"  says  Hayden,  "may  be  found  the 
sources  of  three  of  the  largest  rivers  in  America."  These 
are  the  Missouri,  Columbia,  and  Colorado,  the  head-streams 
of  which  rise  on  different  sides  of  the  Wind  River  Moun- 
tains. The  other  large  rivers  which  rise  among  the  Rocky 
Mountains  are  the  Arkansas,  Mackenzie,  Platte,  Rio  Grande, 
Yukon,  Frazer,  and  Saskatchewan.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  chain  are  Mount  Hooker,  Mount  St.  Elias 
(17,000  feet),  Mount  Brown,  Long's  Peak,  Pike's  Peak, 
Mount  Lincoln,  Gray's  Peak,  Blanca  Peak  (14,464  feet). 
Mount  Harvard,  Fremont's  Peak,  and  Mount  Hayden,  of 
which  separate  notices  are  given  under  their  respective 
heads.  The  tops  of  these  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow, 
and  their  sides  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  Colorado  has  a 
great  number  of  peaks  which  rise  more  than  14,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among  the  interesting  features 
of  this  mountain-system  are  the  Parks  of  Colorado,  which 
are  large  fertile  valleys,  basins,  or  plateaus,  environed  on 
nearly  all  sides  by  colossal  mountains.  These  valleys  are 
named  North  Park,  Middle  Park,  South  Park,  San  Luis 
Park,  &o.    Some  of  them  are  about  50  miles  in  diameter. 

Paeaee. — The  most  important  passes  of  this  chain  in  the 
United  States  are  the  Argentine,  Berthoud's,  Cochetopa, 
Cadotte,  Madison,  Bridger's,  Union,  Tyghee  (or  Targhee), 
Tennessee,  South,  and  Poncho.  Argentine  Pass  is  in  Col- 
orado, in  lat.  39°  37'  50"  N.,  and  has  an  elevation  of 
13,100  feet.  Berthoud's  Pass  is  in  Colorado,  near  the  E. 
border  of  the  Middle  Park.  The  summit  of  it  is  11,462 
feet  above  the  sea.  Cochetopa  Pass  is  in  Colorado,  near 
lat.  38°  10'  N.,  and  is  about  10,000  feet  high.  Bridger's 
Pass  is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wyoming,  near  lat.  41°  30'  N. 
Cadotte  Pass  is  in  Montana,  near  lat.  47°  N.  Madison  (or 
Raynolds)  Pass  is  near  the  S.W.  border  of  Montana,  and 
about  lat.  44°  42'  N.  It  is  6911  feet  high.  Tyghee  (or 
Targhee)  Pass  is  about  3  miles  E.  of  Lake  Henry,  near  lat. 
44°  41'  N.,  and  is  7063  feet  high.  Poncho  Pass  is  in 
Colorado,  near  lat.  38°  30'  N.,  at  the  N.  border  of  San  Luis 
Park.  It  is  about  8600  feet  high.  South  Pass  is  in  Wy- 
oming, near  lat.  42°  26'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  26'  W.,  and  is 
about  7500  feet  high.  It  is  several  miles  wide,  and  is — 
or  was — a  great  thoroughfare  of  travel.  The  grade  is  so 
easy  and  the  ground  so  smooth  that  carriages  can  pass 
through  it  with  facility.  Union  Pass  is  in  Montana,  and 
is  7283  feet  high.  The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the 
Laramie  range  in  Wyoming,  at  Sherman  Station,  which 
is  8242  feet  above  the  sea-level.  At  a  point  called  Creston, 
188  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sherman,  the  railroad  crosses  the  main 
range,  or  Continental  Divide. 

"The  stupendous  erosive  agencies,"  says  Hayden,  "which 
have  in  most  cases  scooped  out  deep  valleys  just  at  the  foot 
of  the  mountains,  have  left  this  portion  remaining  of  the 
inclined  plane  which  I  have  described  as  extending  from 
Cheyenne  to  Granite  Canon,  and  thereby  rendered  it  possi- 
ble for  the  Pacific  Railroad  to  pass  over  the  range.  Massive 
piles  of  granite,  like  the  ruins  of  old  castles,  are  scattered 
all  over  the  summit  of  the  Laramie  Range.  If  we  were  to 
descend  the  beautiful  valley  of  Dale  Creek,  we  should  find 
the  scenery  even  more  romantic,  and  the  granites  worn 
into  more  fantastic  forms."  Among  the  magnificent  fea- 
tures of  this  mountain-system  are  the  Grand  Canon  of  the 
Yellowstone  and  the  cataract  of  that  river,  both  of  which 
are  in  Wyoming  and  in  the  National  Park.  The  height  of 
the  cataract  is  397  feet  perpendicular.  (See  Yellowstoke.) 
In  the  S.  part  of  Idaho  is  another  grand  cataract,  where 
the  Snake  River  falls  nearly  200  feet  at  one  leap.  This  is 
called  the  Shoshone  Falls. 

Geology  and  Metals. — The  geology  of  this  region  has 
been  explored  by  a  large  party  of  able  scientific  men,  under 
the  direction  of  F.  V.  Hayden,  United  States  geologist, 
from  whose  report  we  have  quoted  in  this  article.  The 
several  ranges  consist  of  a  nucleus  of  granite  or  gneiss, 
flanked  by  metamorphic  slates  and  schists,  and  fossiliferous 
rocks  of  different  formations,  Silurian,  carboniferous,  Ju- 
rassic, cretaceous,  and  tertiary.  Limestones  of  the  carbon- 
iferous age  have  been  observed  13,000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  "  With  regard  to  the  Rocky  Mountain  region," 
says  Dana,  "  the  great  thickness  over  it  of  the  miocene  and 
pliocene  shows  a  prolonged  continuation  of  the  lacustrine 
condition  of  the  great  area,  and  renders  it  altogether  prob- 
able that  the  mountains  did  not  attain  their  full  altitude 


until  late  in  the  tertiary  period."  Igneous  and  volcanio 
rocks  abound  in  the  mountains  of  Montana  and  Wyoming. 
"  So  far  as  we  could  ascertain  in  our  explorations,  all  the 
rocks  about  the  sources  of  the  Yellowstone  and  the  Madison 
are  of  volcanic  origin."  (Hayden,  Report  for  1872.)  Among 
the  rocks  which  abound  in  this  chain  are  syenite,  porphyry, 
basalt,  trachyte,  quartzite,  and  limestone. 

Rich  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  coal  or  lignite  have  been 
opened  in  various  parts  of  Colorado,  Montana,  Wyoming, 
Utah,  and  New  Mexico.  Near  the  source  of  the  Chugwater 
are  immense  deposits  of  magnetic  iron  ore.  According  to 
the  report  of  Persifor  Frazer,  Jr.,  "  the  minerals  of  Col- 
orado of  commercial  value  which  are  most  widely  dis- 
tributed are  auriferous  iron  and'copper  pyrites,  zinc  blende, 
argentiferous  galena,  brittle  silver  ore,  specular  iron,  native 
gold  and  silver,  titanic  iron  ore,  copper  glance,  and  coal. 
Quartz  forms  the  gangue  of  nearly  all  the  veins  of  the 
precious  metals  in  Colorado." 

Rocky  Pass,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 

Rocky  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-office  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ky.,  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Riverhead. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pender  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.  of 
Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rocky  Point,  a  popular  summer  resort  in  Warwick 
township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Narragansett 
Bay.  It  has  large  hotels  and  other  accommodations  for 
guests,  is  1  mile  from  Warwick  Station,  and  is  visited  by 
steamboats  from  Newport  and  Providence.  It  baA  a  daily 
newspaper  in  summer. 

Rocky  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  52i  miles  N.W.  of  Bal- 
timore.    It  has  2  churches. 

Rocky  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Port  Clinton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Rocky  River,  Michigan,  a  small  stream,  falls  into  tha 
St.  Joseph's  in  St.  Joseph  co. 

Rocky  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  southeastward 
through  Cabarrus  co.,  then  eastward,  forming  the  boundary 
between  Anson  and  Stanley  cos.,  and  enters  the  Yadkin 
River  about  13  miles  N.  of  Wadesborough. 

Rocky  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Medina  co.,  runs  north- 
ward through  Cuyahoga  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about  7 
miles  W.  of  Cleveland. 

Rocky  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Anderson  co., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River  in  Abbeville  co. 

Rocky  (or  Rock)  River,  Tennessee,  runs  northward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Van  Buren  and  Warren  cos., 
and  enters  the  Caney  Fork. 

Rocky  River,  township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1521 

Rocky  River,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

Rocky  River,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Rocky  River,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Tenn. 

Rocky  Rnn,  a  township  of  Hancock  co,,  111.   Pop.  656.J 

Rocky  Run,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Wis. 

Rocky  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co.,  Miss.j 
25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Vicksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rocky  Spring,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.  P.  320. 

Rocky  Springs,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.    P.  458.1 

Rocky  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Rocky  Well,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  aboai 
22  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Rocour,  ro^kooR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  audi 
2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Liege.  It  is  famous  for  the  battle  fought! 
in  1746,  when  the  French,  under  Marshal  Saxe,  defeatftdl 
the  Duke  of  Lorraine.     Pop.  720.  | 

Roc^roy',  or  Roc'roi' (Fr.pron.  ro^krw&'),  a  town  of  j 
France,  Ardennes,  in  the  forest  of  Ardennes,  15  miles  N.W.J 
of  M6zi^res.     Pop.  1042.  1 

Roda,  ro'dJ,  a  town  of  Saxe-Altenbnrg,  8  miles  B.S.B.J 
of  Jena.     Pop.  3442. 

Roda,  ro'oi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  38  milel] 
N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  1931. 

Roda,  an  island  in  the  Nile.     See  Rhodda. 

Rodach,  ro'diK,  a  town  of  Saxe-Coburg,  10  mile 
W.N.W.  of  Coburg,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name.   Pop.  1777J 

Ro'dah,  Roda,  ro'di,  or  Rodda,  rod'di,  a  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Yemen,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sana,  and  a  resideno»J 
of  many  of  its  merchants.  It  has  fine  gardens  and  vine-T 
yards,  and  is  governed  by  an  ameer.  I 

Rodalben,  ro-dil'bfin,  or  Rothalben,  ro-t41'b«n,  «j 
village  of  Bavaria,  near  Pirmasens.     Pop.  1701. 


ROD 


2301 


KOG 


Rod'amerS)  a  post-village  of  Preston  cc,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  of  Grafton.    It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 
Rodano,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Rhine. 
Rodan'the^  a  post-ofBce  of  Dare  oo.,  N.C. 
Rodas,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Rhodes. 
Rodbournville,  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.     See  Ebin. 
Rodbye,  or  Rodby,  rod'bii,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on 
^^the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Laaland,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
I^Bfaribo.     Pop.  1553. 

^^HTRodda^  an  island  in  the  Nile.    See  Rhodda. 
^^Pr  ROdelheini)  rii'd^l-hime^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
»lfas8au,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3903. 
1^     Roden,  Rhoden,  ro'd^n,  or  Roon,  ron,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands^  in  Drenthe,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Assen.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2381. 

Roden,  ro'den,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  miles 
S.  of  Treves,  near  the  Saar.     Pop.  3290. 

Roden,  a  village  of  Transylvania.     SeeRASNA. 
Rodengo,  ro-dfin'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Brescia,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ospedaletto.     Pop.  1350. 

ftRodensleben,    ro'd^ns-U^b^n     (Gross,    groce,    and 
L.EIN,  klin),  a  village  of   Prussia,  province  of  Saxony, 
government  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2260. 
Ro'dentown,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Ealb  co.,  Ala.,  about 
^^^0  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

i^KRode's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co..  Wis. 
!^^  Rodewald,  ro'd^h-^alt^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 11  miles  N.  of  Neustadt-am-Rubenberge.  Pop.  2038. 
RodeZ)  or  RhodeZ)  ro^di'  (anc.  Segodu'num),&  town 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aveyron,  85  miles 
N.W.  of  Montpellier,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aveyron. 
Pop.  12,881.  It  has  a  national  college  with  a  library,  a 
priests'  seminary,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  Gothic  cathedral, 
a  trade  in  wool  and  cheese,  and  manufactures  of  serges 
and  linens. 

Rodheim-vor-der-Hdhe*    rod'hlme-voR-diB-ho'- 
^h,  a  village  of  Hesse,  circle  of  Friedberg.     Pop.  1567. 
Rodi)  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Rhodes. 
Rodi,  ro'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  N.  cos^t  of  the 
Garganian  Promontory  in  the  Adriatic  Sea.     Pop.  5100. 
Rodigo,  ro-dee'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  9  miles 
^Jf.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3153. 

^kRo'ding,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  rises  near 
^■nnmow,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  near  Barking  joins  the  Thames. 
^K  Roding,  ro'ding,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palatinate, 
^■b  the  Regen,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1329. 
^■'  Rod'maU)  a  post-village  in  Rodman  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Watertown.    It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  about  45  houses.     Pop.  of 
the  township,  1468. 

Rodman,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Hollidays- 
burg  and  Roaring  Spring,  16  miles  S.  of  Altoona,  Pa. 
Rod'ney,  a  hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  at  Dela- 

I^jrare  Junction,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington. 
^K^ Rodney,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
H|fi8si88ippi  River,  40  miles  above  Natchez,  and  26  miles  by 
^land  N.E.  of  that  city.    It  has  several  stores  and  warehouses 
at  which  cotton  is  shipped,  also  3  churches.    P.  (1890)  702. 

I  Rodney,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  7  miles 
.N.W.  of  Gallipolis. 
Rodolza,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Radmansdorf. 
Rodomnm,  a  city  of  France.     See  Rouen. 
Rodondesco,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Redondesco. 
Ro'dophil,  a  post-office  of  Amelia  co.,  Va. 
Rodosto,  or  Rhodosto,  ro-dos'to,  written  also  Ro- 
dosjig  (Turk.  Tekeer- Dagh ;  anc.   Biaan'the,  afterwards 
Rh«de»tum  or  Sheedestut),  a  fortified   maritime  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  60  miles  N.E.  of  G«llipoli,  on  the  Sea 
of  Marmora,  and  on  the  great  route  W.  of  Constantinople. 
It  has  large  caravansaries  and  khans,  6  Greek  and  2  Ar- 
menian churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  important  trade  by  sea. 
Rodrignes,  or  Rodrigne,  roMreeg'  (Port.  Rodriguez, 
ro-dree'ghis),  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  330  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mauritius,  of  which  it  is  a  dependency.     Lat. 
19°  4'  S.;  Ion.  63°  26'  E.     Length,  27  miles.     Area,  43 
•quare  miles.     Surface  mostly  mountainous.     Pop.  1108. 
Rodnmna,  the  ancient  name  of  Roanne. 
Roe'bnck,  a  post-office  of  Leflore  co.,  Miss. 
Roe'bnck,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  4i 
miles  from  Spenoerville.     Pop.  100. 

Reed  (Be,  or  ROdoe,  ro'dd^^h,  an  island  off  the  coast 
of  Norway,  in  lat.  66°  40'  N.,  Ion.  13°  10'  B. 

Roedskioer,  rbd'ske-B^^r,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf 
of  Finland. 
Roer,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Ruhr. 
Roermond,  rooR-m6nt',  or  Roermonde,  rooR-m6n'- 


i 


d^h  (Fr.  Euremonde,  rUR^m&Nd'),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  on  the  Mense,  at  the  influx  of  the  Ruhr, 
27  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  9256.  It  haa 
manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  soap,  leather,  beer,  and  vin- 
egar, and  a  considerable  trade. 

Roeskilde,  or  ROskilde,  rbs'kilM^h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, island  of  Seeland,  with  a  port,  19  miles  by  rail 
W.S.W.  of  Copenhagen,  at  the  head  of  the  Ise-Fiord.  Pop. 
5221.  It  was  the  residence  of  the  Danish  kings  in  the 
Middle  Ages,  and  has  a  royal  castle  and  a  cathedral. 

Roesville,  rOz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co., 
Md.,  about  34  miles  E.  of  Annapolis. 

RoBnlx,  ruh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2804. 

Rofrano,  ro-fr&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Diano.     Pop.  2375. 

Rogasen,  ro'gi-z^n,  Rogazno,  ro-g&z'no,  or  Ro- 
goz'no,  a  town  of  Prussia,  24  miles  N.  of  Posen,  on  a 
lake,  and  on  the  Welna,  an  affluent  of  the  Warta.     P.  5026. 

Rogatchev,  or  Rogatschew,  ro-g4-chftv',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moheelev,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Droots  and  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  7009. 

Rogers,  rSj'^rz,  a  station  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Cartersville- 

Rogers,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  111.     Pop.  593. 

Rogers,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.     See  Greenwood. 

Rogers,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.    See  Rogersville. 

Rogers,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  ub 
Platte  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Schuyler,  Neb. 

Rogers,  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Petroleum. 

Rogers  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Presque  Isle 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Rogers  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  34 
miles  N.W.  of  Alpena,  and  130  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It 
has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  a  newspaper  office,  a  brewery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  an  active  trade  in  cedar,  timber,  and  firewood  for 
steamboats.     Pop.  in  1890,  431. 

Rogers  Ferry,  a  station  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  <fe  Pittsburg  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Roger's  Hill,  or  Scots'bnrn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pic- 
tou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  11  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 

Rogers  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  iu 
Evanston  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches.    P.  (1890)  1708. 

Rogers  Prairie,  Texas.    See  Rogersville. 

Rogers  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
George,  3  miles  from  its  outlet,  and  1  mile  from  Baldwin. 

Rogers  Store,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Rogers  Store,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

Rogersville,  r5j'§rz-vn,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Florence,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
the  Tennessee  River.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  435. 

Rogersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rogersville,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Rogersville,  a  namlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ey.,  about  33 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Rogersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  1 1  miles 
N.E.  of  Flint.     It  haa  a  saw-mill  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Rogersville,  a  village  in  Dansville  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  200. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  South  Dansville. 

Rogersville,  or  Rogerville,  a  post-village  of  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  in  Auburn  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  mines  of 
iron  ore.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rogersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Cen- 
tre township,  about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Rogersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hawkins  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  N.W.  bank  of  the  Holston  River,  and  on  a 
branch  railroad  14  miles  long,  which  connects  with  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  about  50  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  a  female  college.  Near  here  is  a 
quarry  of  variegated  marble.  P.  in  1880,  657;  in  1890, 1153. 

Rogersville,  a  hamlet  of  Leon  oo.,  Tex.,  about  19 
miles  S.  of  Marquee  Station.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
Rogers  Prairie  Post-Office. 

Rogersville  Junction,  Tennessee.     See  Bull's  Gap. 

Roggweil,  rok'^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1204. 

Rogliano,  r6l-y&'no,  a  town  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
Corsica,  17  miles  N.  of  Bastia.     Pop.  1869. 


ROG 


2302 


ROL 


Rogliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  9  miles  S.  of 
Cosenza.     Pop.  4983. 

Ro^gonaut^poor',  Rogonatpoor,  Rughunat- 
poor^  or  Raghauatpar^  rug^un-ut-poor',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, in  Manbhoom,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Purulia.     Pop.  6380. 

Rogozno,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Rogasen. 

Rogue  (rog)  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  W.  slope  of 
the  Cascade  Range,  in  the  northeast  part  of  Jackson  co., 
runs  westward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Jackson,  Josephine, 
and  Curry,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  at  EUensburg.  It 
is  nearly  220  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  fertile  country. 

Rogue's  River,  East  Africa.    See  Juba. 

Rohan,  ro^5N»',  an  old  division  of  France,  in  Bretagne, 
with  the  title  of  duchy,  now  comprised  in  the  department 
of  Morbihan. 

Rohan-Rohan,  or  Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan, 
fr6is"^teh-ni'-ro*5N»'-ro^fiN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
SSvres'  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1376. 

Rohatas,  a  town  of  India.    See  Rhotas, 

Rohatyn,  ro-h&'tin,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Brzezany.     Pop.  3626. 

Ro^hilcund',  or  Rohilkhand,  ro^hil-kund',  a  di- 
vision or  commissionership  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
British  India,  having  the  Ganges  on  the  W.  and  S.,  Oude  on 
«he  E.,  and  the  Himalayas  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  It  comprises 
6  British  districts,  and  encloses  the  native  state  of  Rampoor. 
Area,  11,805  square  miles.     Pop.  5,436,314. 

Rohnervilie,  ro'n§r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  very  fertile  valley,  on  Eel  River,  which  is 
navigable  to  this  place,  about  12  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
20  miles  S.  of  Eureka.  It  has  4  churches,  St.  Joseph's 
College,  a  money-order  post-ofiBce,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber.  In  the  vicinity  are  forests  of  redwood  trees,  some 
of  which  are  300  feet  high  and  nearly  25  feet  in  diameter. 

Rohoncz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Rechnitz. 

Rohrerstown,  ror'^rz-town,  a  station  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  3J  miles  W.  of  Lancaster,  Pa. 

Rohrersville,  ror'^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Rohrsburg,  rors'burg,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood 
township,  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Bloomsburg, 
and  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Rohrsdorf,  rSrs'doRf,  a  village  of  Germany,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  district  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1984. 

Rohtuk,  or  Rohtak,  rohHUk',  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  Rohtuk,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  14,153. 

Rohtak,  or  Rohtak,  a  district  of  India,  Hissar  di- 
vision, North-West  Provinces.  Lat.  28°  38'-29°  16'  N. ;  Ion. 
76°  10'-77°  4' B.  Area,  1811  square  miles.  Capital,  Rohtuk. 
Pop.  536,959. 

Roisel,  rw&^z8l',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  7  miles 
3.  of  P6ronne.     Pop.  1860. 

Roisin,  rwl^ziu"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Honelle,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1480. 

Rois'sy  (Fr.  pron.  rwis^see'),  an  island  of  the  South 
Pacific,  near  the  Sohouten  group,  ofif  the  N.  coast  of  Papua. 
Lat.  8°  12'  S.;  Ion.  144°  3'  E. 

Roitzsch,  roitsh,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2207. 

Rojales,  or  Roxales,  ro-ni'lSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Seguro.     Pop.  2218. 

Rojo,  ro'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  S.W.  of 
Aquila.     Pop.  1336. 

Rokehy,  rSk'bee,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Tees,  2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Barnard  Cas- 
tle. Here  are  the  picturesque  ruins  of  Eggleston  Abbey, 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  The  romantic  scenery 
of  Rokehy  has  been  described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

Rokeby,  Delaware.    See  Henrt  Clay  Factort. 

Rokehy,  rok'bee,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum,  19  miles  below  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church, 

Rokeby,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avondale. 

Rokelle,  ro^kfill',  a  river  of  Senegambia,  after  a  W. 
course  estimated  at  250  miles,  joins  the  Atlantic  by  a  wide 
estuary  at  Sierra  Leone. 

Rokitzan,  ro'kit-sin^  (Bohemian,  Rokiczany,  ro-ke- 
chi'nee),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  E.  of  Pilsen,  on  the 
Kladawa.  Pop.  4187.  It  has  a  college,  manufactures  of 
woollens,  and  iron-mines. 

Ro'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  111.,  about  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Carmi.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Roland,«a  post-hamlet  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church-. 


Roland,  a  station  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  ? 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Roland,  Centre  co..  Pa.     See  Curtin. 

Rolandswerth,  ro'linds-^5Rt\  or  Nonnenwerth, 
non'n^n-^jRt*,  Prussia,  an  island  in  the  Rhine,  govern- 
ment of  Coblentz,  near  Konigswinter,  containing  the  old 
Benedictine  nunnery  of  Nonnenwerth.  Opposite  to  it  is 
the  Roderberg,  one  of  the  most  interesting  volcanoes  on 
the  Rhine.  On  a  ridge  connected  with  it  stand  the  re- 
mains of  the  castle  of  Rolandseck,  so  called,  according  to 
tradition,  because  it  was  the  residence  of  Roland,  the  nepnewl 
of  Charlemagne,  who  could  look  down  from  it  on  the  nunneryl 
in  which  his  unfortunate  bride  was  immured. 

Rolesville,  rSlz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,| 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  3  churches.  ' 

Rolette,  ro-let',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Da 
kota,  bordering  on  the  Brftish  possessions.  Area,  936 
square  miles.     Capital,  Rolla.     Pop.  in  1890,  2427. 

Rolfe,  rSlf,  a  post-village  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  30  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Fort  Dodge.     It  contains  a  court-house  and  a  hotel. 

Rolfe,  Elk  CO.,  Pa.    See  Wilmarth. 

RoI'la,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  in 
Rolla  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  114 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
JeSerson  City.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  3  newspaper  oflices,  the  Missouri  School 
of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  organized  in  1871  as  a  branch 
of  the  state  university,  and  to  which  the  state  geological 
survey  is  attached,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1592;  of  the  township,  2513. 

Rolla,  a  post-town  of  North  Dakota,  capital  of  Rolette 
CO.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  64  miles 
N.W.  of  Devils  Lake.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
roller-flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  a  high  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Rolle,  rol'l^h,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud, 
on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Lausanne.  Pop.' 
1700. 

Rolleghem,  rol'l§h-ghSm\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  5  miles  S.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2320. 

Rollersville,  r5'l§rz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sandusky 
CO.,  0.,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Fremont.     It  has  a  church. 

Rol'lin,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich,  in  Rollin 
township,  on  or  near  Tiffin  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Hudson,  and 
16  miles  W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1378. 

Rolling  (ro'ling)  Fork,  Kentucky,  is  a  branch  of  Salt 
River.  It  runs  westward  through  Marion  co.,  and  then 
northwestward,  and  forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  Nelson  co. 

Rolling  Fork,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     P.  193. 

Rolling  Fork,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sharkey  co., 
Miss.,  on  Deer  Creek,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Vicksburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  jail,  4  stores,  a  hotel,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200 

Rolling  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  7  or  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplin  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Rolling  Home,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co..  Mo., 
about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon. 

Rolling  Prairie,  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.    See  Portland. 

Rolling  Prairie,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  393.     It  contains  White  City  and  part  of  Skiddy. 

Rolling  Prairie,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Grove  town- 
ship. Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad  (Northern  division),  5  miles  E.  of  Beaver ' 
Dam,  and  5  miles  W,  of  Horicon.   It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  250. 

Rolling  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rolling  Stone  townl 
ship,  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  9  or  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winonid 
It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  N.E.  by  th« 
Mississippi  and  contains  Minnesota  City.    Pop.  in  1890,  92^ 

Rol'lington,a  hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile  froir 
Pewee  Valley  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

RoI'Iins,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 

Rol'linsbnrg,  a  post- village  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va.j 
on  Greenbrier  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio  Rail4 
road  (at  Taloott  Station),  106  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  H 
has  3  churches. 

Rol'linsford,  a  township  of  StrafiFord  co.,  N.H.  Po 
1800.  It  contains  Salmon  Falls  (which  see).  Rollinsfor 
Station  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad  is  at  the  junctio 
of  the  Great  Falls  Branch,  1  mile  W.  of  Salmon  Falls. 

Rol'lins  Fork,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Rol'linsville,  a  post-village  of  Gilpin  co..  Col.,  n'-' 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  10  miles  N.  of  Black  Hawk.   It 
2  churches.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Rollo,  rol'yo,  a  mountain  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  pror^ 
ince  of  Alicante,  between  Novelda  and  Aspe,  composed  eiT 


ROL 


2303 


ROM 


tirely  of  variegated  marble.  On  the  S.E.  it  is  blood-color, 
with  dull  white  veins;  on  the  N.W.,  yellow,  with  generally 
dark  veins,  beautifully  intertwined ;  and  in  other  places  it 
has  cords  of  livid  hue,  and  very  beautiful  black  spots. 

Rollo,  rol'lo,  or  Rolo,  ro'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2264. 

Rom,  rbs*  (anc.  Raura'num),  a  village   of  France,  in 
Deux-Sevres,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mello.     Pop.  1808. 
Roni)  or  Roma,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Rome. 
Roma,  ro'mS,,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in 
the  Banda  Sea,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Timor,  40  miles  in  circuit. 
Lat.  7°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  26'  E. 

Ro'ma,  a  post-village  of  Starr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  15  miles  W.  of  Rio  Grande  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Romagna,  ro-mln'yi,  a  former  province  of  Central 
Italy,  and  one  of  the  earliest  possessions  of  the  Roman 
bishops,  on  the  Adriatic,  between  Venetia  and  the  March 
of  Ancona,  and  now  forming  the  provinces  of  Bologna,  Fer- 
rara,  Ravenna,  and  Forli. 

Romagnano,  ro-min-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 1 8  miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     Pop.  2452. 
Romagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
20  miles  E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1048. 

Romagnat,  ro^mftn^yS,',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy- 
de-D8me,  near  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1894. 

Romagnese,  ro-min-yi'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Pavia,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bobbio.     Pop.  1956. 

Romagnieu,  ro^min^yuh',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre, 
arrondissement  of  La  Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1894. 

Roman,  ro'min,  or  Romanu,  ro'mi-noo,  a  town  of 
Roumania,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Moldava  and  Sereth,  36 
miles  S.W.  of  Yassy.  It  is  on  the  Roumanian  Railway,  is 
a  Greek  bishop's  see,  and  has  some  Roman  antiquities, 
"op.  16,920. 
»Ro^mance',  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  4 
lies  W.  of  Gardner  Station.  It  has  2  churches. 
^Romance,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  about  16 
"les  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

fRomanche,  ro^mfiNsh',  a  small  river  of  France,  in 
lutes-Alpes,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Drao. 
Roman'coke,  a  station  in  King  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond,  York  River  <fc  Chesapeake  Railroad,  34  miles 
E.  of  Richmond. 

Romanengo,  ro-mi-n8n'go,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1894. 

Romano,  ro-mi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bergamo.  Pop.  4663.  It  has  an  old  castle,  a  college, 
and  several  churches. 

Romano,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  near  the 
Berio.     Pop.  2542. 
IHl.  Romano  Key,  West  Indies.    See  Cato  Romano. 
^^P  Romanov,  or  Romanow,  ro-m&-nov',  a  walled  town 
'^%{  Russia,  government  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on 
the  Volga.     Pop.  5571. 

Romans,  ro^miuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Isfire,  across  which  it  communicates 
with  Bourg-du-P6age,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Valence.     It  has  a 
communal  college,  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  hosiery,  shoes, 
cotton,  and  leather,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  11,024. 
^^^  Romanshorn,   ro'mS,ns-hoHn\  a  village  of  Switzer- 
I^MDd,  canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  lake  and 
I^HTmiles  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Constance.     Pop.  3141. 
I^KRomansville,  ro'manz-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
I^Hb.,  in  West  Bradford  township,  7  miles  W.  of  West  Chester, 
'^^nd  U  miles  from  Embreeville  Station.     It  has  a  Friends' 
meeting.     Pop.  about  75. 

Romanzoff,  ro-m4n'tsof  (or  Romanzov,  ro-mln'- 
tsov),  Mountains,  in  the  N.E.  of  Alaska.     Lat.  68°  to 
69°  N. ;  Ion.  141°  to  144°  30'  W.    See  also  Cape  Romanzofp. 
Romanzov,  or  Romanzoff,  several  islands  in  the 
Low  and  Mulgrave  Archipelagos. 
Romanzov,  a  bay  of  Yesso,  in  Japan. 
Romblon,  rom-bl5n',  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  Tablas. 

Rom'bo,  or  Rombos,  rom'boce,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd 
Islands,  N.  of  Brava,  and  W.  of  Fogo.  It  is  unimportant. 
Rome,  rSm  (L.,  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.  Roma,  ro'mi;  Fr. 
Rome,  rom ;  Ger.  Rom,  rSm  ;  Dutch,  Rome,  ro'm^h  ;  Turk. 
Room;  Gr.  'Pufirii  R<>>nl),  the  most  celebrated  city  of  the 
world,  either  in  ancient  or  modern  times,  the  capital  of  Italy, 
is  situated  on  the  1?iber,  17  miles  N.E.  of  its  mouth  in  the 
Mediterranean.  Lat.  of  St.  Peter's,  41°  64'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  12° 
27'  14"  E.  Elevation  of  the  site  of  St.  Peter's  above  the 
sea,  96  feet;  of  the  Roman  College,  193  feet.  Pop.  in 
1871,  229,367;  in  1881,  of  city,  273,268;  of  commune, 
300,467.  The  city  is  built  on  marshy  ground,  at  the  foot 
of  a  range  of  low  hills,  and  is  separated  by  the  Tiber  into 


two  unequal  portions,  which  are  divided  into  14  rioni  or 
quarters ;  of  these,  12  are  in  Rome  proper,  or  the  space  on 
uie  E.  or  left  bank  of  the  river,  and  only  two,  called  Borgo 
and  Trastavere,  on  the  W.  or  right  bank  ;  in  this  part  are 
the  Vatican  and  the  castle  of  Sant'  Angelo.  The  quarters  W. 
of  the  Tiber  form  the  Leonine  town,  or  cittd  Leonina.  The 
walls  are  12  miles  in  circumference,  with  nearly  300  towers, 
and  50  feet  higU  on  the  outside ;  they  are  pierced  for  16 
gates,  four  of  which  are  built  up  ;  the  finest  are  the  Porta 
del  Popolo,  the  ancient  Porta  Flatninia,  on  the  N. ;  the 
Porta  San  Giovanni,  on  the  S.  of  the  city ;  and  the  Porta  San 
Pancrazio,  by  which  the  French  eflfected  a  breach  in  1849. 
Little  more  than  one-third  of  the  area  within  its  walls  is 
inhabited.  N.  of  the  oapitol  is  modern  Rome,  all  S.  of  it 
ruins  and  vineyards.  The  most  populous  part  of  the  mod- 
ern city  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  Campus  Martixu,  a 
plain  extending  between  the  Capitoline,  Quirinal,  Pincian, 
and  Viminal  hills,  and  the  river.  The  Tiber,  within  the 
walls,  has  a  winding  course  of  3  miles.  It  is  navigable  for 
large  boats  and  river-steamers ;  after  heavy  rains  it  fre- 
quently rises  20  or  30  feet  and  inundates  a  great  part  of 
the  city.  Near  the  middle  of  its  course  the  Tiber  forms  an 
island,  called  San  Bartolomeo,  900  feet  long  and  300  feet 
broad,  connected  with  the  mainland  by  2  bridges,  the  Ponte 
di  Quattro  Capi  and  the  Ponte  San  Bartolomeo;  besides 
which  are  Pons  Sublioius,  the  oldest  of  the  Roman  bridges, 
the  Ponte  Sisto,  the  Ponte  Rotto,  now  converted  into  a  sus- 
pension-bridge, and  Pons  ^li»^s,  now  the  Ponte  Sant'  Angelo, 
the  latter  connecting  the  city  with  the  castle  of  Sant'  Angelo, 
which  serves  for  a  state  prison,  and  which  has  a  covered 
way  to  the  Vatican.  Only  four  of  these  bridges  are  now  in 
use.  The  three  principal  thoroughfares  of  Rome  diverge 
from  the  Piazza  del  Popolo,  an  irregular  open  space  at  its 
N.  extremity ;  the  central  of  these,  the  Corso,  extends  in  a 
direct  line  S.S.E.  for  about  a  mile.  There  are  in  all  506 
streets,  276  lanes,  and  148  squares ;  many  of  these  are  or- 
namented with  richly-sculptured  fountains,  of  which  there 
are  in  Rome  160.  These  are  supplied  with  excellent  water 
by  4  principal  aqueducts ;  the  finest  is  that  called  Aqua 
Vergine ;  the  others  are  Aqua  Felice,  Aqua  Paola,  and 
Aqua  Marcia.  The  water-supply  for  the  city  is  about  the 
best  in  Europe.  The  police  of  Rome  is  entirely  under  the 
director-general  of  police,  whose  residence  and  offices  are 
in  the  palace  of  Monte  Citorio.  The  Carnival,  the  great 
public  festival  of  Rome,  begins  after  New  Year's  day,  and 
continues  until  the  beginning  of  Lent.  Notwithstanding 
its  architectural  and  artistic  riches,  modern  Rome  has  a  sad 
and  desolate  aspect.  Most  of  the  streets  are  narrow,  and 
paved  with  cubes  of  lava ;  in  these  the  finest  palaces  and 
the  most  wretched  hovels  are  often  seen  side  by  side.  Sinoe 
1870  an  immense  amount  of  repair,  reconstruction,  and 
improvement  has  been  carried  on,  largely  at  the  publio 
expense.  The  situation  of  Rome  is  unhealthy,  from  the 
effects  of  malaria,  especially  in  summer ;  but  from  the 
mildness  of  its  winter  climate  it  is  a  favorite  resort  for  in- 
valids. Mean  temperature,  January,  47.3°;  July,  78.4° 
Fahr.  The  tramontana,  or  N.  wind,  is  often  attended  by 
severe  storms.  The  sirocco,  or  S.  wind,  is  debilitating 
in  summer.  Frost  seldom  lasts  over  the  night,  and  snow 
falls  on  an  average  only  1^  days  in  the  year.  Rome  baa 
364  churches,  with  7  basilicas,  many  of  which  are  remark- 
able for  their  architecture  and  their  decorations ;  of  these 
the  cathedral  of  St.  Peter's  is  the  largest  and  most  sump- 
tuous in  the  world.  Founded  a.d.  1450,  its  building  occu- 
pied 176  years ;  it  was  planned  and  commenced  by  Bra- 
mante,  and  carried  on  by  Raphael,  Peruzzi,  Sangallo,  and 
Michael  Angelo.  Length  of  the  cathedral,  613  feet;  width, 
286  feet ;  height  to  top  of  cross,  434S  feet.  The  space  cov- 
ered by  the  buildings  of  St.  Peter's  is  240,000  square  feet ; 
and  the  cost,  exclusive  of  the  sacristy,  bell-towers,  Ac,  was 
£10,000,000.  The  church  of  St.  John  Lateran,  founded  by 
Constantine,  in  which  the  popes  were  crowned,  is  the 
mother  church  of  Rome,  and  contains  the  gorgeous  Corsini 
chapel.  The  five  general  councils  known  as  the  Lateran 
councils  have  given  celebrity  to  this  basilica,  which  also 
contains  the  Scala  Santa,  consisting  of  28  marble  steps, 
with  the  Sancta  Sanctorum,  a  Gothic  chapel,  at  the  summit. 
The  basilica  of  Santa  Maria  Maggiore,  and  the  ancienl  church 
of  Ara  Coeli,  were  built  about  the  sixth  century.  The  palace 
of  the  Vatican,  adjoining  St.  Peter's,  is  said  to  contain  4422 
halls,  chapels,  and  other  apartments ;  it  became  the  permanent 
residence  of  the  popes  after  their  return  from  Avignon  in 
1377,  and  has  extensive  gardens.  Its  galleries  and  halls, 
the  Sala  Regia,  or  ambassadors'  hall  of  audience,  and  the 
Sistine  chapel,  decorated  by  Raphael  and  Michael  Angelo, 
contain  the  most  choice  paintings  and  statues,  including  th« 
great  fresco  of  the  "  Last  Judgment,"  and  that  portion  of 


KOM 


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those  carried  ofiF  by  the  French  which  was  restored  in 
1815.  A  series  of  its  galleries,  splendidly  decorated  with 
statues  and  marbles,  contains  the  famous  library  of  the 
Vatican,  founded  A.D.  1447.  Its  museum  of  sculpture,  the 
richest  in  the  world,  contains  the  Apollo  Belvedere  and  the 
Laocoon.  The  superb  palace  of  the  Quirinal,  or  palace  of 
Monte  Cavallo,  is  surrounded  by  extensive  gardens;  at- 
tached to  this  is  the  palace  called  the  Dataria  ApostoUca, 
whence  the  pontifical  bulls  are  issued.  In  the  square  of 
the  Quirinal  is  the  palace  of  the  Consulta,  seat  of  the 
supreme  tribunal.  The  palace  of  Salviati  contains  the 
archives  of  Kome.  In  the  Campidoglio,  or  modern  capitol, 
forming  three  sides  of  a  square,  are  the  palace  of  the  sen- 
ators of  Rome,  that  of  the  Conservatori,  and  the  Capitoline 
museum,  rich  in  objects  of  art  and  antiquities ;  between 
these  is  placed  the  famous  bronze  statue  of  Marcus  Aurelius. 
There  are  upwards  of  60  splendid  private  palaces:  the 
finest  of  these  are  the  Barberini  palace ;  the  Doria  palace, 
remarkable  for  its  extent  and  its  gallery  of  paintings ;  the 
Colonna  palace,  for  its  gardens ;  the  Rospigliosi  and  Far- 
nese  palaces,  the  latter  celebrated  for  its  architecture ;  the 
Borghese  palace,  with  colossal  statues,  and  one  of  the  richest 
picture-galleries  in  Rome ;  and  the  Cenoi  palace,  scene  of 
the  tragedy  of  which  Beatrice  Cenci  was  the  victim.  The 
villas  or  residences  of  the  Roman  nobles,  in  the  suburbs 
of  the  city,  are  situated  amidst  orange-  and  citron-groves 
and  ornamented  with  fountains  and  statues ;  the  most 
magnificent  of  these  is  the  Villa  Borghese,  on  the  Pincian 
hill,  outside  of  the  Porta  del  Popolo,  with  gardens  3  miles 
in  circuit,  which  were  much  injured  during  the  revolution 
of  1849.  The  Villa  Medici,  formerly  celebrated  for  its 
Venus,  now  belongs  to  the  French  government,  and  an  an- 
nual exhibition  of  pictures  by  French  artists  is  held  here. 
The  Villa  Albani  is  rich  in  ancient  sculptures  and  archi- 
tectural treasures.  Of  the  many  scientific  and  literary 
establishments  the  university  of  Rome  has  the  first  rank. 
It  was  founded  a.d.  1244,  as  a  school  for  the  canon  and 
eivil  law.  Succeeding  popes  enlarged  it  and  added  new 
chairs.  There  are  now  42  professors,  and  it  is  well  attended. 
The  chief  of  the  others  are  the  Roman  college,  founded  by 
the  Jesuits,  with  a  rich  library  and  museums  of  natural 
history  and  antiquities,  and  a  celebrated  observatory,  and  the 
college  of  the  Propaganda,  in  which  natives  from  all  parts  of 
the  world  are  trained  as  missionaries,  and  to  which  a  cele- 
brated printing-establishment  is  attached.  Next  to  the 
library  of  the  Vatican,  the  chief  public  libraries  are  the 
Casanatense,  in  the  convent  of  Minerva,  with  120,000  vol- 
umes and  4500  MSS.,  the  Angelica  library,  with  84,820 
printed  volumes  and  2945  MSS.,  and  the  Corsini  library, 
with  60,000  printed  books  and  a  large  collection  of  engrav- 
ings. Besides  the  museums  of  the  Vatican  and  the  Capitol, 
the  public  collections  comprise  museums  of  anatomy,  natu- 
ral history,  mineralogy,  antiquities,  and  mosaics,  and  there 
are  numerous  and  valuable  private  collections.  Rome  has 
8  theatres,  a  deaf-mute  institution,  numerous  hospitals 
and  benevolent  institutions,  orphan  hospitals,  and  homes 
of  industry,  the  chief  of  which  are  San  Spirito,  contain- 
ing a  foundling  hospital  and  lunatic  asylum,  the  Holy 
Trinity,  and  Santissimo  Salvatore.  In  the  hospital  of  San 
Michele,  800  children  are  instructed  in  arts  and  trades. 
This  institution  contains  also  numerous  schools  of  paint- 
ing, sculpture,  and  architecture,  a  house  of  correction  for 
juvenile  offenders  and  women,  and  an  asylum  for  old  people. 
The  chief  industry  of  the  inhabitants  of  Rome  is  connected 
with  the  production  of  articles  of  art,  and  the  supply  of  the 
numerous  artists,  invalids,  and  other  visitors ;  its  manufac- 
tures are  confined  to  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  hats,  gloves, 
strings  for  musical  instruments,  artificial  feathers,  false 
pearls,  mosaics,  jewelry,  velvets,  leather,  stockings,  glass,  and 
pottery.  The  remains  of  ancient  Rome  comprise  the  Cloaca 
Maxima,  a  great  subterranean  tunnel,  still  in  good  repair, 
the  aqueducts,  the  circus  of  Romulus,  the  circus  Maximus, 
the  Coliseum,  remains  of  the  theatres  of  Marcellus  and  of 
Pompey,  the  palace  of  the  Caesars,  the  temple  of  iBscula- 
pius,  the  temples  of  Concord,  of  the  Sun,  and  of  Vesta,  the 
mausoleum  of  Augustus,  in  the  Campus  Martius,  the  tomb 
of  CsBcilia  Metella,  the  Columbaria,  on  the  Appian  way, 
the  Tarpeian  rock,  the  Mamertine  prisons,  the  Praetorian 
camp,  the  fountain  of  Egeria,  the  Pantheon,  a  part  of  the 
Thermae  of  Agrippa,  those  of  Caracalla,  Diocletian,  Nero, 
Titus,  Ac,  the  triumphal  arches  of  Titus,  Constantine,  and 
Septimius  Severus,  the  columns  of  Antoninus  and  Trajan, 
several  Egyptian  obelisks,  and  the  Roman  forum,  now 
called  Campo  Vaccine.  According  to  the  popular  account, 
Rome  was  founded  by  Romulus  in  754  b.c.  In  the  two 
eenturies  preceding  the  Christian  era  its  dominion  extended 
over  all  the  countries  of  the  Mediterranean ;  its  territories 


were  further  extended  by  the  first  emperors ;  but  in  the 
fifth  century  the  barbarians  of  the  N.  and  E.  deprived  it 
of  several  provinces.  The  city  was  taken  by  Alaric  in  410, 
and  by  Genseric  in  455,  It  passed  successively  under  the 
domination  of  the  Ostrogoths  and  the  Emperors  of  the 
East ;  it  was  given  to  the  popes  by  Pepin  and  Charlemagne 
in  the  eighth  century,  and  then  became  the  capital  of 
the  States  of  the  Church.  From  1809  till  1814  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  department  of  Rome  in  the  French  Empire 
under  Napoleon  I.,  and  at  the  latter  date  was  given  back 
to  the  Pontiff  to  form  the  capital  of  the  States  of  the  Church. 
It  was  garrisoned  by  French  troops  from  1849  till  1870, 
when,  after  the  withdrawal  of  the  garrison,  it  was,  on  Sep- 
tember 20,  1870,  occupied  by  Italian  troops,  since  which 

time  it  has  been  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

Adj.  Ro'man  (It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.  Romano,  ro-mi'no,  fem- 
inine, RoKANA,  ro-mft'ni ;  Fr.  Romain,  ro^miu"',  feminine, 
RoMAiNE,  ro^m4n' ;  Ger.  Romisch,  ro'mish ;  Dutch,  Room- 
SCHE,  rom'sk^h);  Inhab. — In  English,  French,  Italian, 
Spanish,  and  Portuguese  the  adjective  is  also  used  for  the 
inhabitant  (Ger.  Romer,  ro'm^r;  Dutch,  Romein,  ro-min'). 

Rome)  a  province  and  compartimento  of  the  kingdom 
of  Italy,  comprising  the  S.W.  portion  of  the  former  States 
of  the  Church,  annexed  by  royal  decree,  October  9,  1870, 
between  lat.  41°  12'  and  42°  50'  N.,  Ion.  11°  27'  and  13° 
33'  E.,  bounded  N.W.  by  Tuscany,  N.E.  by  Umbria  and 
the  Abruzzi,  E.  and  S.  by  the  Campagna,  S.  and  W.  by  the 
Mediterranean  Sea.  Area,  4553  square  miles.  Pop.  (1S85) 
937,712.  The  territory  is  watered  by  the  Tiber,  which 
forms  part  of  its  N.E.  boundary  and  crosses  it  nearly  in 
the  centre  of  the  province.  The  principal  lakes  are  those 
of  Bolsena,  Bracoiano,  and  Albano.  The  territory  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  lower  ramifications  of  the  Apennines ;  in  the 
W.  and  S.W.  the  undulating  plain  called  the  Campagna  di 
Roma  terminates  in  the  Pontine  marshes  in  the  S.,  noted 
for  insalubrity.  The  climate  is  very  mild,  and  the  region 
of  the  Campagna  of  Rome  would  be  a  garden  but  for  the 
fatal  miasma,  which  forces  the  cultivators  of  the  soil  to 
seek  refuge  at  night  in  the  scattered  towns  near  its 
borders.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  but  neglected  ;  much 
of  the  surface  affords  excellent  pasturage,  which  is  occupied 
by  great  herds  of  buffaloes.  Considerable  flocks  of  sheep 
and  many  horses  are  reared.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat, 
maize,  pulse,  hemp,  wine,  oil,  and  tobacco  ,*  and  in  the  ex- 
treme S.,  sugar,  indigo,  and  cotton  are  cultivated  to  a  small 
extent,  and  cork  trees  are  numerous.  The  wines  are  of 
inferior  quality.  Chestnuts  form  a  considerable  article  of 
food.  Salt  is  made  in  the  lagoons.  The  manufacturing 
industry  is  confined  to  articles  for  home  consumption,  com- 
prising silks,  leather,  gloves,  paper,  strings  for  musical 
instruments,  iron  and  glass  wares,  and  a  few  cotton  goods, 
at  Rome. 

Rom  6)  rom,  a  post-oflfice  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Rome^  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Ark.,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Rome^  a  city  of  Georgia,  the  capital  of  Floyd  co.,  is 
situated  on  the  Coosa  River  at  the  confluence  of  the  Eto- 
wah and  Oostenaula  Rivers,  and  at  the  convergence  of 
several  railroads,  some  of  which  terminate  here.  The  most 
important  of  these  are  the  Central  of  Georgia  and  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  k  Georgia.  Rome  is  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  79  miles  S.  of  Chattanooga.  Its 
site  is  hilly  and  commands  an  extensive  view  of  moun- 
tain scenery.  It  contains  2  banks,  the  Rome  Female  Col- 
lege, a  high  sohool,  10  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  nail-factory,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.  Three  daily 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  and  large 
quantities  of  cotton  are  shipped  from  this  city.  Rome  was 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1847.  Pop.  in  1870,  2748;  in 
1880,  3877 ;  in  1890,  6957,  or  with  suburbs,  12,000. 

Rome,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Centralia.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Dix  Post-Ofiice. 

Rome  9  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River,  and  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of 'the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.B.  of  Peoria. 

Rome^  Noble  oo.,  Ind.    See  Rome  City. 

Rome*  a  post- village  in  Tobin  township.  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  90  miles  below  New  Albany,  and 
14  miles  by  land  E.  of  Cannelton.  It  has  a  church  ani 
the  Rome  Academy.     Pop.  221. 

Rome,  a  post- village  in  Tippecanoe  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Skunk  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  400. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1281. 

Rome,  a  post-ofSee  of  Sumner  eo.,  Kansas,  37  miles  S 
of  Wichita. 


I 


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2305 


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RomCf  a  post-hamlet  in  Rome  township,  Kennebec  oo., 

e.,  on  Great  Pond,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta. 

t  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  725. 

Rome^   a  post-yillage  in  Rome    township,    Lenawee 

CO.,  Mich.,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adrian,  and  about  25  miles 

S.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  stores  and  26  dwellings.    The 

township  contains  5  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1298. 

»Roiney  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  458. 
Rome)  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  24  miles 
of  Kosciusko.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Rome,  a  post-ofBce  of  Douglas  co..  Mo. 
Rome)  a  city  of  New  York,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Oneida  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Utica,  109  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Albany,  38i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Syracuse,  and  142  miles  S.  of 
Ogdensburg.  It  is  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Rome  Branch  of  the  New  York  & 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad.  The  Black  River  Canal  termi- 
nates here  and  connects  with  the  Erie  Canal.  Rome  con- 
tains a  handsome  court-house,  13  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  large  hotel,  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  an  acad- 
emy, a  public  library,  manufactures  of  locomotives,  farm- 
ing-implements, railroad  iron,  cigars,  and  machinery,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  12,194;  in  1890,  14,991. 

Uome)  a  village  in  Green  township,  Adams  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  28  miles  below  Portsmouth.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  is  an  important  shipping-point.  Pop.  471.  Here  is 
Stout's  Post-Office. 

Rome,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Rome  township,  Ash- 
tabula CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Warren,  and  about  50  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Cleveland.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  butter 
and  cheese.     Pop.  of  township,  669. 

RomC)  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.    Pop.  1972. 

Rome,  or  Rome  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
0.,  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 
^_  Rome,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  2096. 
^^  Rome,  a  village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  N. 
^Hr  Mansfield.     It  has  2  churches.     The  name  of  its  post- 
^Hfice  is  Rives. 

^BrRome,  a  post- village  in  Rome  township,  Bradford  co., 
^^a.,  on  Wysox  Creek,  about  10  miles  N.B.  of  Towanda, 
and  32  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.    It  has  an  academy  and 
3  churches.     Pop.  230  ;  of  the  township,  1333. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1274. 

Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lebanon,  and  45  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  330. 

Rome,  a  post- village  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Wis.,  8  miles  N. 
of  Palmyra,  and  about  37  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Rome  City,  a  post-village  in  Orange  township,  Noble 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ken- 
dallville.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  large  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-mill,  also  2  churches  and  a  mineral 
spring. 

Rom  en,  ro-mdn',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.  of 
the  government  of  Chernigov,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  joins  the 
Soola  after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Romen,  or  Romny,  rom'nee,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  the  Soola, 
here  joined  by  the  Romen.  Pop.  5952.  A  fair  is  held  here 
yearly,  from  the  15th  to  the  31st  of  May,  at  which  goods  to 
the  amount  of  two  millions  of  roubles  are  sometimes  sold. 

Romenay,  ro'm^h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sadne-et- 
Loire,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tournus.     Pop.  499. 

Romentino,  ro-mdn-tee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  near 
Galliate.     Pop.  2163. 

Ro'raeo,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bruce 
and  Washington  townships,  on  the  Michigan  Air-Line 
Railroad,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  about  35 
miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  union  school,  5  churches,  3  iron-foundries,  5  flouring- 
mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactories  of  carriages,  farm- 
ing-implements, and  steam-engines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1687. 

Romeo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  about  56 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  mill. 

Romeo,  a  post-office  of  Marathon  co..  Wis. 

Romeral,  ro-mi-ril',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2079. 

Romeroville,  ro-mi'ro-vil,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico. 


I 


ROmerstadt,  rS'm^r-st&tt^  or  Rzimarzow,  zhec- 
maR'zov,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  N.  of  Olmutz.  Pop. 
5014.     It  has  manufactures  of  linon. 

Romford,  riim'f9rd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  a  railway,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  The 
town  has  an  ancient  church,  a  national  school,  almshouses, 
a  union  workhouse,  town  hall,  jail,  market-house,  and 
barracks.     Pop.  (1891)  8408. 

Rom'ford  Station,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  oc. 
Conn.,  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Litchfield. 

Romhild,  rom'hilt,  a  walled  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  1577. 

Romilly-snr-Andelle,  ro^mee^yee'-  (or  ro^meeP- 
yee'-)  siiR-fiNoMfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  9  milet 
N.W.  of  Les  Andelys.     Pop.  1366. 

Romilly-sur- Seine,  ro^mee^yee'-  (or  ro^meePyee'-) 
siiR-sAn,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Nogent-sur-Seine. 
It  has  a  fine  ch&teaa,  with  manufactures  of  cotton  hosiery 
and  cordage.     Pop.  4925. 

Ro'mine,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  111.     Pop.  893. 

Romine  City,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  about  9 
miles  S.  of  Salem.     Here  is  Raccoon  Post-Office. 

Romine's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Elk  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg,  and  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Grafton. 

Rom'ney,  or  New  Rom'ney,  a  cinque  port,  decayed 
town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  English 
Channel,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Canterbury.     Pop.  1129. 

Rom'ney,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township,  Tippe- 
canoe CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  i  mile  from  Corwin  Station,  and  13  miles  S.  of 
Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  about  300. 

Romney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hampshire  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Pied- 
mont. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  the  West  Virginia  Institution  for  the 
Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind.     Pop.  482. 

Rom'ney  Marsh,  a  level  tract  of  about  24,000  acrea 
of  rich  sheep-pasture  in  England,  co.  of  Kent,  secured 
against  the  sea  by  an  immense  embankment,  under  the 
management  of  a  corporation. 

Romny,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Romen. 

Romoe,  ro'mo^^h  or  ro'mfih^y^h,  an  island  of  Prussia, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Sleswick,  4  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of 
Silt.     Length,  8  miles.     Pop.  2000. 

Romont,  ro^m6N»',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 

12  miles  S.W.  of  Freyburg,  on  the  Glan.     Pop.  1555. 
Romoos,  ro-m5ce',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 

13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  1643. 
Romorantin,  ro^mo^r6Ni»HiN<»',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment.of  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Sauldre,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Blois.  Pop.  7436.  It  has  a^  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  com- 
munal college,  an  old  ca«tle  and  a  spacious  prison,  and  man- 
ufactures of  woollen  stufis,  leather,  ribbons,  oil,  and  flour, 
also  iron-furnaces  and  forges. 

Romsdal,  roms'd&l,  an  amt  of  Norway,  stift  of  Trond- 
hjem,  extending  from  the  Sneehsetten  W.  and  N.W.  to  the 
Atlantic.  Area,  6030  square  miles.  Pop.  117,220.  It  com- 
prises the  Romsdal -Fiord,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  60  miles  in 
length,  and  on  an  arm  of  which  is  the  village  of  Romsdal. 
The  chief  town  is  Molde. 

Rom'sey,  or  Rnm'sey,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Southampton  by  canal  or  railway. 
Pop.  4212.  The  town  has  a  venerable  cruciform  church,  a 
charity  school,  almshouses,  and  a  branch  bank. 

Romsoe,  rom'so^^h,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  in  the  Great 
Belt,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Funen. 

Romula  (Romultc),  the  ancient  name  of  BisACCii. 

Rom'nlns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  16 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Romulus,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Wayne  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Fere  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  1620. 

Romulus,  a  post-village  in  Romulus  township,  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Geneva,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  2 
churches,  6  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  public  hall. 
Pop.  about  300.  The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  Cayuga 
Lake  and  W.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2765. 

Ro'na,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  oo.  of  In- 
verness, 1  mile  N.  of  Rasay  Island.     Pop.  157. 

Rona,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Scotland,  1  mile 
S.  of  North  Uist.     Length,  2  miles. 


KON 


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KOO 


Ro  ua,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in  the  Atlantic,  40 
miles  N.  of  Lewis,  in  lat.  59°  10'  N.,  Ion.  5°  51'  W, 

Ro'nald,  a  township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mioh.     Pop.  1324. 

Ron'aldsay*  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  from  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  150. 

Ron'aldshay)  Korth,  the  northernmost  island  of  the 
Orkneys,  Scotland,  with  a  light-house  at  its  N.E.  extremity, 
in  lat.  59°  28'  N.,  Ion.  2°  28'  "W.     Pop.  539. 

Ronaldshayy  Soitth,  an  island  of  the  Orkneys,  in  Soot- 
land,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Duncansby  Head.  Length,  8  miles. 
Area,  18  square  miles.  Pop.  2501.  St.  Margaret's  Hope, 
on  the  N.  coast,  has  a  safe  and  convenient  harbor. 

Roncal)  ron-k&l',  a  valley  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  and 
having  a  village  37  miles  E.  of  Pamplona. 

Roncesvalles,  ron^se-vil'18s  (Sp.  Ronceavalles,  ron- 
thfis-vil'y&s ;  Fr.  Moncevatix,  r6nsV5'  or  r6N»'8§h-v5'),  a 
frontier  village  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  province  and  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Pamplona,  in  a  gorge  of  the  Pyrenees.  Pop.  240. 
Here,  it  is  traditionally  said,  the  rearguard  of  Charlemagne's 
army,  under  Roland,  was  defeated  and  destroyed  in  778. 

Ronceverte,  ronss'vert,  a  post- village  of  Greenbrier  oo., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Greenbrier  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 
Bonce  verte  is  the  French  for  "  green  brier."  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  481. 

Ronchamp,  rftuo'shfiM"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
SaQne,  8  miles  E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  1895. 

Ronciglione)  ron-cheel-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Viterbo,  on  the  Lake  of  Vico.  Pop.  5641, 
engaged  in  paper-mills  and  iron-works. 

Rouco,  ron'ko,  or  Bidente,  be-dfin'ti  (ano.  Redesit), 
a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Tuscany,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  enters 
the  Adriatic  5  miles  E.  of  Ravenna.     Length,  50  miles. 

Ronco,  ron'ko,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  in  Venice,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2000. 

Ronco-Biellese,  ron'ko-be-dl-ld,'8&,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  7  miles  E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1373. 

Ronco-in-Canavese,  ron'ko-in-ki-nl-vi'si,  a  vil- 
lage of  lUly,  17  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1873. 

Roncq,  r6Nk,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  7  miles  N. 
of  Lille.     Pop.  2320. 

Ronda^  ron'di,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  of  Malaga,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Ronda,  42  miles  N.  of  Gibraltar.  Pop. 
19,334.  It  occupies  precipitous  heights  on  the  Guadiaro, 
across  the  bed  of  which,  from  200  to  300  feet  above  the 
river,  are  three  bridges.  The  old  city,  encircled  by  Moor- 
ish fortifications,  has  a  ruined  Moorish  palace.  The  new 
town,  enclosed  by  cliffs,  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  nu- 
merous churches,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  flannel, 
leather,  and  silk  stuffs,  many  water-mills,  and  an  active 
trade.  In  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  the  capital  of  the 
Moorish  chief  Aboo-Melik, 

Ron'deau,  or  Blen'heim,  a  post- village  in  Kent 
CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chatham.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  several  stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  factories.     Pop.  850. 

Rondeau  Harbor,  a  lake-port  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Kent, 
on  Lake  Erie,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 

Rondissone,  ron-dis-so'ni,  or  Rondizzone*  ron- 
dit-so'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Turin,  near  the 
Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1953. 

Ron'dOj  a  post-office  of  Conway  co.,  Ark. 

Rondo,  a  village  of  Miller  co..  Ark.,  about  7  miles  E. 
of  Texarkana. 

Rondo,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  about  40  miles  N. 
by  AV.  of  Springfield. 

Rondout,  ron'd5wt,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Rondout  Creek,  28 
miles  above  Newburg,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of 
Kingston,  to  which  it  has  been  annexed.  It  is  the  S.E. 
terminus  of  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  and  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Delaware  k  Hudson  Canal.  It  contains  about 
10  churches,  2  national  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts 
to  $500,000,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  machine-shops, 
and  a  large  manufactory  of  cement.  It  has  an  extensive 
trade  in  coal,  which  is  brought  hither  from  Pennsylvania 
on  the  canal.  Many  steamboats,  barges,  and  sailing-vessels 
are  employed  in  transporting  coal,  cement,  and  stone  from 
this  place.  A  steam  ferry  connects  Rondout  with  Rhine- 
cliff  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  Rondout  was  annexed 
to  Kingston  in  1872. 

Rondout  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Sullivan  co., 
runs  nearly  northeastward  through  Ulster  co.,  and  enters 
the  Hudson  River  near  Rondout.  The  Wallkill  and  Ron- 
dout unite  about  6  miles  from  the  Hudson  River ;  and  the 
stream  below  the  junction  is  sometimes  called  the  Wallkill. 
The  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  extends  along  this  river 
from  Rondout  to  Ellenville. 


Ro'ney,  a  post-office  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about  66 
miles  S.  of  Sedalia. 

Roney'8  Point,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Wheeling  &  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  131. 

Ro'ney's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Rougy,  r6N»^zhee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Haiuaut, 
on  the  Elnon,  7  miles  S.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1450. 

Ronkonko'ma,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Ronkonkoma  Lake,  1  mile  N.  of  Lakeland  Station  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  and  50  miles  E.  of  New  York. 

Ronne,  rdn'n^h,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Bomholm,  of  which  it  is  the 
capital.  Pop.  5435.  It  has  a  town  hall,  grammar-school, 
hospital,  ship-building  docks,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  tobacco. 

Ronueburg,  ron'nQh-b5fiRa\  a  town  of  Saxe-Alten- 
burg,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gera.  Pop.  5706.  It  has  a  ducal 
palace,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  porcelain,  earth 
enware,  and  leather.     In  the  vicinity  are  mineral  baths. 

Ronneby,  ron'n^h-bii^  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Carlscrona,  on  the  Ronneby-Aa,  near  iti 
mouth  in  the  Baltic.     Pop.  2000. 

Ronnow,  ron'nov,  or  Hronow,  h'ro'nov,  a  market- 
town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Czaslau.     P.  1476. 

Ro'no,  a  post- hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cannelton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ronquiferes,  r6ii"^ke-aiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  ii> 
Hainaut,  on  the  Somme,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mons. 

Ronquillo  Settlement,  La.    See  Happt  Jack. 

Ronsberg,  rons'b^RQ,  or  Ronssperg,  ronss'p^RG,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Klattau.     P.  1899. 

Ronsdorf,  rons'doRf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Elberfeld.  It  has  manufactures  of  hardwaro 
and  of  cotton,  silk,  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  9573. 

Ronse,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Renaix. 

Ronseco,  ron-s4'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  34  miles  N.E. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1614. 

Roodbar,  Rondbar,  or  Rudbar,  rood^bar',  a  towu 
of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan,  35  miles  S.  of  Reshd,  on  th« 
Rood,  by  which  it  exports  oil,  olives,  and  soap  to  Russia. 

Rood'house,  or  Road'house,  a  post-village  of 
Greene  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches,  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  % 
foundry,  and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad. 

Roo^durpoor',  a  town  of  India,  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Goruckpoor.     Pop.  6535. 

Rooks,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  900  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  South  Fork  of 
Solomon  River  and  Paradise  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating prairie.  Cottonwood,  elm,  ash,  black  walnut,  and 
oak  are  among  its  timber  trees.  Magnesian  limestone  of 
fine  quality  is  found  here.  Capital,  Stockton.  Pop.  in 
1880,  8112;  in  1890,8018. 

Rook's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  is  between  Papua  and 
New  Britain,  in  lat.  5°  29'  S.,  Ion.  147°  46'  E. 

Room,  a  Turkish  name  of  Greece. 

Room,  a  vilayet  of  Turkey.     See  Seevas. 

Roomahieh,  or  Roumahieh.    See  Roonvab 

Room-Elee.     See  Rocmelia. 

Room-Kalah,  Roum-Kalah,  or  Rum-Kalah, 
room-ki'li  {i.e., "  Castle  of  Rome"),  atown  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
on  the  Euphrates,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Someisat.  The  name 
Room,  "Rome,"  is  often  loosely  applied  by  the  Turks  to 
places  anciently  Roman  or  Byzantine  colonies. 

Roon,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Roden. 

Roonyah,  Ronnyah,  roon'yi,  Roomahieh,  or 
Roumahieh,  roo-m3.-hee'y§h,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pashalic  and  about  120  miles  S.  of  Bagdad,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Euphrates.     It  consists  of  about  400  houses. 

Roop,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmons  co.,  N.D.,  9  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Williamsport,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  about  30. 

Roop'ville,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  2  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  CarroUton.  It  has  a  distillery,  a  saw-mill, 
general  stores,  &e.     Pop.  about  200. 

Roor'kee,  a  town  of  India,  Seharunpoor  district,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Hurdwar,  on  the  Ganges  Canal.  It  has  a 
school  of  engineering.     Pop.  10,778. 

Roosa,  Rousa,  or  Rusa,  roo'sS,,  a  town  of  Russit 
government  and  56  miles  W.  of  Moscow,  on  an  affluent 
the  Moskwa.     Pop.  3991. 

Roosebeke,  Oost,  5st  rS's^h-bi'k^h,  a  village  of  B«lJ 
gium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
Courtrai.     Pop.  4280. 


t 


ROO 


2307 


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Roosebeke^  West,  *fist  rS'seh-bi'k^b,  or  Rosbecq, 
ros'bdk',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Courtrai. 

Roosevelt,  Oswego  oo.,  N.T.    See  Rosevelt. 

Roostchook,  Roustchouk,  or  Rustschuk,  roos^- 
chook',  written  also  Routchook,  Rusczak,  and  Rust- 
schuk) a  city  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  river  Danube,  opposite 
Giurgievo,  139  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Varna.  Pop.  30,000. 
It  has  some  trade  and  manufaotures.  It  is  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop's see,  and  has  been  the  scene  of  many  sieges  and 
battles  in  the  Russo-Turkish  wars. 

Roos'ter  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  oo.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Columbia  River. 

Root,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1252. 

Root,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  St.  Mary's 
River,  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Root  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  oo.,  Wis., 
*bout  7  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Root  River,  Minnesota.    See  Hokah  Riyer. 

Root  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Milwaukee  and  Ra- 
cine cus.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  the  city  of  Racine. 
It  is  nearly  40  miles  long. 

Root  River,  a  post-office  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  near 
the  source  of  Hokah  River,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin. 

Roots'town,  a  post- village  of  Portage  oo.,  0.,  in  Roots- 
town  township,  li  miles  from  Rootstown  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of 
Cleveland,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1169. 

Rootstown  Station,  a  village  of  Rootstown  town- 
ehip.  Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  carriages,  cheese,  lumber,  and  shingles.  Here 
is  New  Milford  Post-Office, 

Root'ville,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Ropequiz,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Roquepiz. 

Ro'perville,  a  post-village  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  about  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Ro^pur',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  45  miles  E.  of 
Loodianah,  on  the  Sutlej,  at  a  ferry.     Pop.  7110. 

Roque,  La,  France.     See  La  Roque. 

Roqucbrou,  La,  France.     See  La  Roquebrou. 

Roquebrune,  rok^brlln',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Var,  5  miles  W.  of  Fr6jus.     Pop.  1484. 

Roquebrussane,  La.    See  La  Roquebrdssane. 

Roquecourbe,  rok^kooRb',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  1846. 

Roquefort,  rok^foR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  on 
the  Douze,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  1753. 
It  has  manufactures  of  earthenwares. 

Roquemaure,  ro^k§h-m5R'  or  rok^mSR',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gard,  near  the  Rhone,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Nlmes. 
Pop.  2315. 

Roquepiz,  ro-k^h-peez',  erroneously  written  Rope- 
quiz,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  9°  56'  N. ;  Ion. 
66°  14'  E. 

Roques,  Los,  loce  ro'kds,  a  group  of  about  100  small 
islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela.  Lat. 
11°  57'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  67°  40'  W.  Chief  islands,  El  Gran 
Roque,  Salt  Key,  Great  Spar  Key,  and  Long  Key.  The 
islands  afford  salt,  phosphates,  and  tanners'  bark. 

Roquetas,  ro-k&'tas,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Bay  of  Almeria,  with 
salt-works.     Pop.  2238. 

Roque-Timbaut,  rok-t&N>^bS',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Lot-et-Garonne,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1370. 

Roquevaire,  rokViR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches- 
du-Rh6ne,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1719. 

Roraas,  ro'ros,  a  mining  town  of  Norway,  stift  and 
67  miles  S.E.  of  Trondhjem.  Pop.  3000.  It  yields  a  great 
amount  of  copper  ore. 

Roraima,  ro-rl'm&,  a  mountain  of  British  Guiana.  Lat. 
5°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  10'  W,  It  gives  origin  to  rivers  tribu- 
tary to  the  Orinoco,  Amazon,  and  Essequibo,  and  which  form 
magnificent  falls  from  1400  to  1500  feet  in  height. 

Ro'ree,al8o  called  Loh'ree,  Lo'huree,  Buk'kur, 
and  Ro'ree  Buk'kur,  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  on  the 
B.  bank  of  the  Indus  (here  crossed  by  the  Indus  Valley 
Railway),  opposite  Sukkur,  and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Shikar- 
poor.  It  has  important  manufactures  of  paper,  jewelry. 
Bilks,  leather,  cottons,  and  metal  wares.     Pop.  8580. 

Rorotonga,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.   See  Raratokga. 

Rorschach,  roR'sh&K,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  at  a 
railway  junction,  canton  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Gall,  on 
the  Lake  of  Constance.     Pop.  3493. 

Ros,  ros,  or  Rossa,  ro8's&,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 


the  government  of  Kiev,  and  joins  the  Dnieper  a  little 
above  Cherkasee.     Length,  160  miles. 

Ro'sa,  apost-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario, 
4J  miles  N.W^  of  Trenton.     Pop.  100. 

Rosalia,  ro-za'le-a,  a  post-township  of  Butler  oo.,  Kan- 
sas, about  30  miles  S.Ei  of  Peabody.     Pop.  375. 

Rosalia,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  oo.,  Washington,  28 
miles  from  Colfax. 

Rosalie  (r5z'%-le)  Peak,  or  Mount  Rosalie,  Colo- 
rado, a  peak  of  the  Front  Range,  near  lat.  39°  35'  N.,  and 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Georgetown.     Height,  14,340  feet. 

Rosalind,  rdz'a-lind,  post-office.  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Rosamond,  Illinois.    See  Rosemond. 

Rosa  Morada,  ro'sA  mo-r&'D&,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Cinaloa,  S.E.  of  Culiacan.  Pop.  about  5000. 
Around  it  coffee,  citron,  and  indigo  grow  wild. 

Rosario,  ro-s&'re-o,  a  small  island  of  the  Benin  group, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  14°  5'  S.;  Ion.  141°  W. 

Rosario,  ro-s&'re-o,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Cinaloa, 
falls  into  the  Pacific  Ocean  about  30  miles  below  Mazatlan. 

Rosario,  ro-si're-o,  or  Sanamaro,  si-ni-m4'ro,  a 
village  in  the  island  of  Teneriffe,  on  a  beautiful  plain,  not 
far  from  Laguna.     Pop.  1609. 

Rosario,  ro-si're-o,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Santa  F€,  230  miles  by  water  N.W.  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Parand.  It  is  the  E.  termi- 
nus of  an  important  railway  system,  and  has  direct  com- 
merce with  Europe  and  North  America.  It  has  a  national 
college,  also  manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  lumber,  Ac.  Ita 
streets  are  traversed  by  tramways  and  lighted  with  gas. 
Rosario  is  one  of  the  chief  commercial  towns  in  the  repablio. 
Pop.  (officially  estimated)  6000. 

Rosario  de  Cucuta,  ro-si're-o  di  koo-koo't&,  a  town 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  of  Boyaca,  on  the 
river  Zulia.  It  is  the  depot  for  the  produce  of  the  surroimd- 
ing  country.     Pop,  5000. 

Rosarno,  ro-saR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reg- 
gio  di  Calabria,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Gioja.     Pop.  2063. 

Ro'saryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  1  mile  from  Linden  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosas,  ro'sis  (anc.  Ehoda,  or  Rhodopef),  a  seaport 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  G^rona,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Rosas.     Pop.  2732. 

Rosate,  ro-si'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.W.  of 
Pavia.     Pop.  2363. 

Rosay-en-Brie,  France.    See  Rozoy-en-Brie. 

Rosbach,  ross'biK,  a  hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  oa 
Perry  Creek,  16  miles  N.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosbecq,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Roosebeke. 

Rosber'con,  or  Roseber'con,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Kilkenny,  on  the  Barrow,  opposite  New  Ross.  Pop. 
959.  It  has  extensive  stores  and  quays,  a  distillery,  and 
the  remains  of  a  monastery. 

Ros'borough,  a  station  in  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  Jfc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta. 

Ros'by's  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores. 

R5schitz,  ro'shits,  or  Respitz,  rfis'pits,  a  town  of 
Austria,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  1243. 

Rosciano,  rSsh-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Teramo,  S.E.  of  Civita  di  Penne,  on  the  Pescara.   Pop.  2838. 

Roscianum,  Roscia  Navalis  Thariorum,  the 
ancient  names  of  RossANO. 

Roscigno,  ro-sheen'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1265. 

Ros'coe,  a  post-village  in  Roscoe  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  III.,  on  Rock  River,  1  mile  from  Roscoe  Station  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  85  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Beloit,  Wis.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop.  about  360 ; 
of  the  township,  1135. 

Roscoe,  a  township  of  Davis  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  629. 

Roscoe,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa. 

Roscoe,  a  post-office  of  Graham  oo.,  Kansas. 

Roscoe,  a  post-township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  from  Easson,  and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  1014. 

Roscoe,  a  post-village  in  Rosooe  township,  St.  Clair 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Osage  River,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield. 
Pop.  302 ;  of  the  township,  922.     It  has  3  ohurohes. 

Roscoe,  a  station  in  Keith  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Ogalalla. 

Roscoe,  a  post- village  in  Coshocton  oo.,  0.,  about  25 
miles  N.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
about  800. 


ROS 


2308 


ROS 


Roscoe,  a  post-village  of  Edmunds  co.,  S.D.,  42  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  flour-mill,  <fcc.  It  is  a  great  wheat  and  stock-raising 
district.     Pop.  in  1890,  114. 

Koscoe  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hoscoe  township, 
Soodhue  co.,  Minn.,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Red  Wing. 

Roscoff,  ros^koflT,  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistdre,  on 
a  tongue  of  land  extending  into  the  English  Channel,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  1282. 

Roscom'mon,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught, 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  river  Shannon,  and  by  the  Suck 
on  the  W.  Area,  950  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mostly 
undulating;  mountainous  in  the  N.,  and  flat  in  the  E. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Pop.  114,194.  The  principal 
towns  are  Roscommon,  Boyle,  Castle-Rea,  Strokestown,  and 
a  part  of  Athlone.    It  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 

Koscommoii)  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  Roscom- 
mon CO.,  on  the  Dublin  &  Mullingar  Railway,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Athlone.  Pop.  2375.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  parish  church,  chapel,  court-house,  jail,  and  county 
infirmary,  with  remains  of  a  castle  and  a  fine  abbey  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  Its  manufactures  comprise  woollens, 
flannel,  shoes,  and  earthenwares. 

Roscom'mon,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Muskegon  River  and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Au 
Sable  River.  It  contains  Lake  Houghton,  about  11  miles 
long.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad.     Capital,  Roscommon.     Pop.  in  1890,  2033. 

Roscom'mon,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Roscommon 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad, 
87  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Roscommon,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Pa.,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Easton. 

Roscrea,  ros-kri',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
near  its  N.W.  extremity,  7  miles  W.  of  Borris-in-Ossory. 
Pop.  2992.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  has  a  barracks,  court- 
and  market-house,  bridewell,  fever  hospital,  and  workhouse. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  111.     Pop.  1494. 

Rose,  a  post-office  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
W.  of  Humboldt. 

Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mioh.,  in  Rose 
township,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  The  township 
is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1084. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Ramsey  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  710. 

Rose,  or  Rose  Valley,  a  post- village  in  Rose  town- 
ship, Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Clyde. 
It  contains  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rose.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2107. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  1106. 

Rose,  a  township  of  JefiFerson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1058. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.     Pop.  378. 

Roseau,  ro-z5'  (formerly  Charlotte  Town),  atown 
of  the  British  West  Indies,  capital  of  the  island  of  Domi- 
nica, near  its  S.W.  point,  with  an  arsenal  and  a  good  harbor. 
It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Near  the  town  are 
hot  springs.     Pop.  5000. 

Rose  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  oo.,  Kansas, 
20  miles  from  Enterprise. 

Rose  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Rosebercon,  a  village  of  Ireland.    See  Rosbebcoh. 

Roseberry,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Rose  Blanche,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, 225  miles  W.  of  St.  John's  (by  steamer).  It  has 
a  small  but  safe  harbor,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  452. 

Rose  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

Roseboom,  rSz'boom,  a  post- village  in  Roseboom 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cherry  Valley, 
and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1433. 

Roseborough,  roz'biir-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens 
00.,  S.C.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Santuck  Station.   It  has  a  church. 

Rose  Bow'er,  a  hamlet  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  4  miles 
from  Horn  Lake,  and  about  17  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 
It  contains  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Rose  Bower,  a  post-office  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va. 

Rose'bnd,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Rose  Bud,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  28  miles 
W.  of  Kensett  Station.     It  has  2  stores. 

Rose  Bud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co..  III.,  is  on  or 
near  the  Ohio  River,  about  10  miles  below  Gk>lconda.  It 
has  2  churches. 


Rosebud,  a  post-office  of  Meyer  oo.,  S.D.,  215  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Yankton.  Here  is  an  agency  of  the  Spotted 
Tail  Sioux  Indians;  also  a  church. 

Rosebud,  a  post-office  of  Falls  co.,  Tex. 

Rosebud  Creek,  Montana,  rises  in  Big  Horn  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone  in  lat.  46°  38'  N. 

Roseburg,  r5z'burg,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind., 
about  24  miles  E.  of  Kokomo. 

Roseburg,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  2i  miles  from 
Liberty. 

Roseburg,  a  post-office  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich. 

Roseburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Douglas  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Umpqua  River,  and  on 
the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  200  miles  S.  of  Bort- 
land,  and  76  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 2  newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
It  is  the  principal  market  of  the  large  and  fertile  Umpqua 
Valley,  of  which  grain  and  wool  are  the  staple  products 
A  daily  paper  is  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1472. 

Roseourg,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Rosecrans,  ro'ze-kranz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co., 
111.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Waukegan.     It  has  3  stores. 

Rosecrans,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  6  or  "^ 
miles  S.E.  of  Look  Haven. 

Rosecrans,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Rose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ind. 

Rose  Creek,  township,  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    P.  375. 

Rose  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Mower  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Windom  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
money-order  post-office. 

Rose  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  oo.,  Neb.,  on 
Rose  Creek,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Fairbury,  and  about  68  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Rose  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Bethel  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosedale,  rSz'dal,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal. 

Ro sedate,  a  post- village  of  Jersey  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Jersey  ville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  seminary,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rosedale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern   Railroad,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches,  a  car-  M 
riage-shop,  <i;c.  I 

Roseaale,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ind.,  ' 
on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  88. 
Here  is  Oak  Post-Office. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort 
Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City.  It 
has  a  church,  a  rolling-mill  which  employs  about  300  men, 
and  a  manufactory  of  car-wheels.     Pop.  in  1890,  2276. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Rosedale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iberville  parish,  La.,  on  » 
railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Baton  Rouge.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  5i 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosedale,  Mississippi.    See  Floketville. 

Rosedale,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  ^ 
Northern  Railroad,  3  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  St  ^ 
Louis,  Mo. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb. 

Rose  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.,| 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

Rosedale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  4  milead 
S.E.  of  Irwin  Station,  which  is  23  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield 

Rosedale,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimo 
Central  Railroad,  2^  miles  E.  of  Kennet  Square,  Pa. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  about 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg, 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tex. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
miles  N.W.  of  Fenelon  Falls.     Pop.  150. 

Rosedene,  rSz'deen,  or  Vienna,  a  post-village 
Monck  CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  from  Beamsville.     Pop.  100. 

Rosefield,  rSz'feeld,  a  post-township  of  Peoria  co.. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Rail 
road,  and  contains  Langdon  and  Oak  Hill,  and  a  pop. 
1108.     Rosefield  Post-Office  is  at  Oak  Hill. 

Rosefield,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La. 

Rose  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa 
60  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     Pod.  107. 


ROS 


2309 


ROS 


Rosehearty,  rSz'har'tee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Aberdeen,  on  Moray  Firth,  4  miles  W.  of  Fraserburgh. 
Pop.  1206, 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala.,  35  miles 
8.W.  of  Troy. 

Rose  Hill,  Cook  co.,  111.    See  Havelock. 

Rose  Hill,  Jasper  oc,  III.    See  Harkisbcro. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
County  Line  Railroad  Station,  16  miles  S.  of  Warsaw. 
P  Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mahaska  oo., 
Iowa,  on  the  Oskaloosa  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Kansas. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
W.  of  Harrodsburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish,  La.,  7  miles 
8.  of  Shreveport. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amite  co..  Miss.,  about  50 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Natchez,  and  14  miles  N.  of  Clinton,  La. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Rose  Hill  township,  John- 
son CO.,  Mo.,  on  Big  Creek,  about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas 
City.     Pop.  199 ;  of  the  township,  1439. 
^B  Rose  Hill,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
^■ruri  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
^K  Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Lincoln. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Wilmington  <k  Weldon  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  30 
liles  W.N.W.  of  Piqua. 

Rose  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
"  miles  from  Clarksville. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Harris  oo.,  Tez.,  about  14 

"les  N.N.W.  of  Houston. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Rose  Island,  an  island  of  the  Bahamas,  E.  of  New 

jvidence. 

Rose  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Navi- 

ktors'  Islands.     Lat.  14°  32'  47"  S. ;  Ion.  169°  W. 

Rose  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  in 

lirmont  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Winnebago. 

Rose  Lake,  township,  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  104. 

Roseland,  roz'land,  a  post- village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
le  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

has  a  church. 

Roseland,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles 

om  Juniata. 

Roseland,  a  post-village  in  Livingston  township,  Es- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  at  the  base  of  the  Second  Mountain,  5  miles 
W.  of  Orange,  and  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  and  a  shoe-factory. 
I^v  Roseland,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  oo.,  Va. 
I^KRoselle,  ro^zll',  a  post-village  in  Bloomingdale  town- 


(Hun.  Rotnyohanya,  ros'n'yo'bln'yCh^),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Sajo,  15  miles  N.E.  of  GSmSr  Sajo.  Pop.  4855. 
It  is- the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  an  episcopal  seminary,  a 
convent,  2  colleges,  high  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth  and  linen,  stone-ware,  leather,  and  paper. 

Rosenau  (Hun.  Roanyo,  ros'n'yo*),  a  town  of  Transyl- 
vania, on  an  affluent  of  the  Aloota,  7  miles  S.  of  Kronstadt. 
Pop.  4023.  It  has  a  strong  oastle,  and  Roman  Catholic  and 
Greek  churches. 

Rosenberg,  ro'z^n-b^RO^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  1469. 

Rosenberg  (Hun.  Rozmherk,  rozm'bfinK'),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Waag  and 
Revucza,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  2997. 

Rosenberg,  ro'zQn-b£Ra\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  3343.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  linens,  woollens,  Ac. 

Rosenberg  (Polish,  Subz,  soosh),  atown  of  West  Prus- 
sia, 17  miles  E.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  3081. 

Rosenbnrg,  ro'z^n-bfi5RG\  Gross,  groce,  and  Kleik, 
kline,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2351. 

Rosendale,  ro'z^n-dal,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  oo.,  Ga. 

Rosendale,  a  post-office  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn. 

Roseudale,  a  township  of  Watonwan  CO.,  Minn.  P.  208. 

Rosendale,  a  post-village  in  Benton  township,  An- 
drew CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  on 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  woollen-factory. 

Rosendale,  a  post-village  in  Rosendale  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Kondout  Creek,  the  Delaware  &  Hud- 
son Canal,  and  the  Wallkill  Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  94  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  8  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kingston.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  hydraulic  cement,  about  1,500,000  barrels  of  which  are 
exported  in  a  year.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  is 
bounded  E.  by  the  Wallkill  River,  and  N.W.  by  Esopus 
Creek.  It  has  a  group  of  lakes  called  Binnewaters,  and 
valuable  quarries  of  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  1706. 

Rosendale,  a  post- village  in  Rosendale  and  Spring- 
vale  townships.  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan 
&  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac, 
and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ripon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1200. 

Rosendorf,  ro'z^n-donf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  20 
miles  from  Aussegg,  at  the  foot  of  the  Rosenberg,  above 
the  Elbe.     Pop.  1600. 

Roseneath,  roz'neeth,  a  post-village  in  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Ontario,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cobourg.     Pop.  100. 

Rosenhayn,  ro'zQn-hine\  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Vineland  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Bridgeton.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Rosenheim,  ro'z^n-hlme^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Inn,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Munich.  Pop.  7501.  It  has  salt- 
works, mineral  baths,  and  manufactures  of  brass  and  copper. 

Rosenthal,  ro'z^n-t&P,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1150. 

Rosenvick,  ro'z^n-vlk,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland 
township,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  \  mile  from  Doe  Run  Station, 
and  42  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  cotton-factory. 

Rose  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
Slippery  Rock  Creek,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Castle.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Rose's  Bar,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1191. 

Rose's  Cabin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinsdale  co.,  Col., 
100  miles  N.W.  of  Alamosa  Station. 

Rose's  Point,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Port  Jervis  &  Montioello  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Port 
Jervis. 

Rose's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kern  oo.,  Cal^  30 
miles  S.  of  Sumner. 

Rose's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Trout  Run  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Roseto,  ro-s&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorinoe  of  Foggia, 
11  miles  W.  of  Troja.     Pop.  6349. 

Roseto,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  1304. 

Rosetta,  ro-z£t'ti  (Arab.  Rasheed  or  Er-Raiheed,  r&s- 
sheed' ;  Fr.  Rosette,  ro'zfitt' ;  It.  Roaetta,  ro^sJt'ti),  a  town 
of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  W.  arm  of  the  Nile,  6  miles  from 
the  sea,  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Alexandria.  Lat.  31°  25'  N. ; 
Ion.  30°  28'  E.  Pop.  (1882)  16,971.  It  has  a  thriving 
general  trade,  and  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  leather,  and 
iron  goods.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated  and  neatly 
built ;  it  is  in  repute  for  salubrity,  and  attracts  many  sum 


ROS 


2310 


ROS 


mer  visitors.  It  was  founded  in  870,  near  the  site  of  the 
ancient  Bolbitinum  y  and  here  in  1799  was  discovered  the 
famous  "  Rosetta  stone,"  which  furnished  the  key  to  the 
Egyptian  hieroglyphics. 

Rosette,  ro-zdt',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Grant  township,  18  miles  from  Wilson. 

RosevalC;  roz'val,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  5^ 
miles  from  Clay  Centre. 

Rosevaley  a  post-hamlet  in  Albert  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
20  miles  from  Salisbury.  Here  are  inexhaustible  beds  of 
oil-shale.     Pop.  100. 

Rose  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

Rose  Valley,  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.    See  Rose. 

Rose  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Pnince  Ed- 
ward Island,  60  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Rosevelt,  ro'ze-velt,  or  Roosevelt,  a  hamlet  of  Os- 
wego CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Pennellville.   It  has  2  churches. 

Roseville,  roz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of 
Fort  Smith.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Oregon 
division,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  church. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  in  Roseville  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 12i  miles  S.  of  Monmouth,  and  about  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Galesburg.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  4  churches,  and  agricultural  works.  Coal  is  mined 
here.  Pop.  of  the  township  (1890),  1475 ;  of  the  village,  788. 

Roseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  Rao- 
coon  Creek,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.   It  has 

2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 
Roseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 

S.  from  Glasgow. 

Roseville,  a  hamlet  of  Hanoock  oo.,  Ky.,  14  miles 
from  Cloverport.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  tobacco- 
factory.     Pop.  about  50. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Erin  township,  near  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Detroit.     It  has  several  churches. 

Roseville,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn., 
16  miles  from  Atwater  Station.     Pop.  286. 

Roseville,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Byram 
township,  5  miles  N.  of  Stanhope. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township,  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad, 
lOi  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  manufactory  of  stone-ware.    Pop.  (1890)  1021. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.  of  Berlin. 

Roseville,  Ontario.    See  Montague. 

Rosewood,  roz'wood,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co., 
Ala.,  18  miles  S.  of  Tecumseh  Station. 

Rosewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Gainesville  and  Cedar  Keys,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has  a  church.  Oranges  and  other 
fruits  are  raised  here. 

Rosewood,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Rosewood,  a  hamlet  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Rosewood,  township,  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  318. 

Rosheim,  roz^Sm',  a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosges  Mountains,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Strasburg.    Pop.  3503. 

Ro'siclare,  or  Rose  Clare,  a  post- village  of  Hardin 
00.,  111.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Ohio  River, 

3  miles  below  Elizabethtown,  and  about  12  miles  above 
Golconda.  It  has  a  church,  and  mines  of  lead  and  fluor- 
spar.    Pop.  in  1890,  274. 

Rosienna,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rossiena. 

Rosiere,  ro-zeer',  or  Rossier,  ros-seer',  a  post-ham- 
let in  Cape  Vincent  township,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosiere,  ro-zhair',  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Lincoln  township,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay  (city). 
It  has  a  church. 

Rosi^res,  ro^ze-aia',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  609. 

Rosi^res,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Amiens.     Pop.  2437. 

Rosieres  aux  Salines,  ro^ze-aiR'  zo  s&^een',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Meurthe-et- Moselle,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Nancy,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meurthe.     Pop.  2094. 

Rosiers,  Les,  li  ro^ze-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  and  on  the  Nantes 
A  Tours  Railway,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  917. 


Rosignano,  ro-seen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2632. 

Rosignano,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  17  miles  from  Leg- 
horn.    Pop.  of  commune,  6346. 

Rosi'na,  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich. 

Rosinar,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Resinar. 

Rosinburg,  roz'in-biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Wakefield  Post-Office. 

Rosiudale,  roz'in-dal,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of 
Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  38  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Rosine,  ro-zeen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  <fc  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  99  miles  S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville.    It  has  4  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  about  100. 

Rosita,  ro-zee't%,  a  mining  post-village  of  Custer  co.. 
Col.,  is  30  miles  S.  of  Canon  City,  and  at  an  altitude  of 
9154  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  contains  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  works  for  the  reduction 
of  silver.  It  has  rich  silver-mines.  The  place  was  first 
settled  in  1873.  « 

Roskilde,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Roeskilde. 

Roslau,  ros'Iow,  a  town  of  Anhalt,  on  the  Elbe,  4  miles 
N.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  3772. 

Ros'lavl,  or  Ros'lovl,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  69  miles  S.S.E.  of  Smolensk.     Pop.  6638. 

Roslea,  ros'14,  or  Royslea,  rois'li,  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Fermanagh,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Clones. 

Ros'lin,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Edinburgh.  It  has  the  celebrated  Roslin  Chapel,  containing 
the  tombs  of  many  of  the  Earls  of  Orkney  and  Roslin. 

Ros'lin,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Ros'lin,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Roslindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Boston. 

Roslovl,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Roslavl. 

Ros'lyn,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North 
Hempstead  township,  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Hempstead 
Harbor  (a  long  narrow  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound),  and  on 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
paper-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  1251. 

Kosmaninhal,  ros-m3,-neen-y&r,  a  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1503. 

Rosnan,  ros'now,  or  Roznow,  roz'nov,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Welsskirchen.     Pop.  3109. 

Rosny,  ros^nee',  a  village  of  France,  with  a  detached 
fort,  2  miles  E.  of  Paris. 

Rosnyo,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Rosenatt. 

Rosny-snr-Seine,  ros^nee'-siiR-s&n,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles  W.  of  Mantes,  on  the 
Seine,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Rouen.   Pop.  1402. 

Rosolini,  ro-so-lee'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Noto.     Pop.  6367. 

Ross,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Hereford.  Pop.  3586.  It  has  a  church,  a  work- 
house, market-house,  bank,  mechanics'  institute,  Ac. 

Ross,  in  Ireland,  the  largest  island  in  the  lower  Lak* 
of  Killarney,  2  miles  S.  of  Killarney. 

Ross,  a  harbor  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Broadhaven. 

Ross,  or  Ross-Car'bery,  a  town  and  episcopal  sea 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clonakilty.  Pop. 
714.  It  has  a  cathedral,  chapel,  bridewell,  market-  and 
court-houses,  &o.  The  Anglican  see  is  now  merged  in  that 
of  Cork,  and  the  Roman  see  has  its  seat  at  Skibbereen. 

Ross,  New,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on 
the  Barrow,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Waterford,  and  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Enniscorthy.  Pop.  6772.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  has  a  quay  650  yards  in  length.  Principal  edi- 
fices, the  churches  and  chapels,  an  infirmary  and  vari- 
ous hospitals,  market-houses,  sessions-house,  barracks,  jail, 
custom-house,  Ac.  The  exports  compiise  corn,  flour,  wool, 
butter,  cattle,  and  bacon.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Ross,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of 
about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Paint  Creek,  the  North  Fork  of 
Paint  Creek,  and  Sugar  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  verdant  hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple,  buckeye,  and  oak  are  found.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  The  valley  of  the  Scioto  is  remarkable  for 
its  beauty  and  fertility.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Ohio  Canal,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southwestern  Rail 


ROS 


2311 


ROS 


road,  the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  &,  Ironton  Railroad,  and  the 
Norfolk  k  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Chillicothe.  Pop. 
in  1870,  37,097;  in  1880,  40,307;  in  1890,  39,454. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  111.     Pop.  731. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Vermilion  oo..  111.     Pop.  1738. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1741. 

Ross,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ross  township.  Lake  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Joliet  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  35 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  100  ; 
of  the  township,  1625. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1064, 
exclusive  of  Tabor. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  626. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  741. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  383. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1673. 

Ross,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana.  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

KOSS,  or  Ytdice,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township, 
Butler  CO.,  0.,  J  of  a  mile  W.  of  the  Miami  River,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  stores.  Pop.  300.  The  township  is 
bounded  S.E.  by  Miami  River.     Pop.  of  township,  1705. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.     Pop.  1076. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  685. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1623. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  990. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  734. 

KRoss,  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     See  Ross  Station. 
Rossa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ros. 
Rossana,  ros-s&'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2336. 

Ross-and-Crom'arty,  a  county  extending  across 
the  N.  part  of  Scotland,  from  sea  to  sea,  between  the  Minsh 
on  the  W.  and  the  Moray  Firth  on  the  E.,  and  including, 
in  detached  portions,  Cromarty  and  the  islands  of  Skye, 
Lewis,  Ac,  in  the  Hebrides,  its  mainland  portion  having 
N.  Sutherland  and  S.  Inverness-shire.  Area,  3151  square 
miles,  of  which  560  square  miles  are  in  the  Hebrides,  344 
belong  to  Cromarty,  and  9i  to  Nairn.  Pop.  80,955.  Crom- 
arty, Beauly,  and  Dornoch  Firths  indent  it  on  the  E.,  and 
Lochs  Broom,  Greinord,  Ewe,  Gairloch,  Torridon,  and  Alsh 
on  the  W.  Granite  and  schists  form  the  N.  and  middle 
parts  of  the  county.  It  is  in  the  centre  of  a  wild  region 
of  mountains,  moors,  and  lakes,  traversed  by  small  rivers, 
along  which  are  tracts  of  fertile  soil.  In  some  parts  much 
good  wheat  is  raised,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  county 
is  appropriated  to  sheep-  and  cattle-farming.  Principal 
towns,  Dingwall,  Tain,  and  Cromarty.  It  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons,     See  Cromarty. 

Rossano,  ros-s4'no  (ano.  Roseia'num  or  Roa'cia  Nava'- 
li$  Thurio'rum),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  near 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cariati.  It  has 
a  cathedral,  and  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  is  remark- 
able as  the  birthplace  of  three  popes,  viz.,  St.  Zosimus, 
John  VII.,  and  John  XVII.  It  is  a  very  ancient  place, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  (Enotrii.  It  was 
taken  by  assault  and  pillaged  by  Totila,  King  of  the  Huns. 
Rossano  has  long  been  noted  as  an  abode  of  learning,  and 
especially  as  the  seat  of  the  famous  academy  of  SpensiSrati. 
It  has  marble-quarries.     Pop.  14,341. 

Rossbach,  ross'biK,  or  Kasbach,  ris'biK,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  3645. 

Rossbach,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Saxony, 
(jovernraent  of  Merseburg,  17  miles  S.  of  Halle. 

Rossberg,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.     See  Goluau. 

Ross'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  1  mile  from 
Newpoint  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ross-Carbery,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Ross. 

Rosscommon,  Monroe  co..  Pa.    See  Roscommon. 

Ross'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  on  the 
E.  border  of  Shapleigh  township,  about  32  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Portland.     It  nas  a  church. 

Rossean,  ros-so',  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     Pop.  49. 

Rosseau,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Rosseau,  35  miles  from  Braoebridge.     Pop.  200. 

Rossel,  rSs's^l,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  52  miles  S.E. 
of  KSnigsberg.     Pop.  3557. 

Ros'sel,an  island  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Loui- 
siade  Archipelago,  lat.  11°  22'  S.,  Ion.  154°  26'  E.,  22  miles 
long  from  E.  to  W.,  and  lOi  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 

Ross  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on  Ross 
Fork,  an  affluent  of  the  Snake  River,  and  on  the  Utah  & 
Northern  Railroad,  about  70  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Franklin. 

Ross  Grove,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  111. 

Rossie,  ros-see',  a  post-village  in  Rossie  township,  St. 


Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Indian  River,  at  the  head  of  nari* 
gation,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hammond  Station,  and  about  26 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  an  iron-furnace,  a 
flour-mill,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  149.  The  township  is  in- 
tersected by  Oswegiitchie  River,  and  contains  Wegatchie, 
and  mines  of  iron  and  lead.  Marble,  graphite,  satin-spar, 
spinel,  zircon,  Ac,  are  found  here.     Pop.  1765. 

Rossie,  a  station  of  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad, 
15  miles  S.  of  Morristown,  N.Y.,  and  about  4  miles  W.  of 
the  village  of  Rossie. 

Rossie  Island,  Scotland.     See  Inch-Brayock. 

Rossiena,  ros-se-&'n&,  or  Rosienna,  ro-se-^n'n& 
(Polish,  Jiossrenie,  ross-ySn'yi),  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Kovno,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the  Dubissa. 
Pop.  10,732.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and 
has  several  churches  and  a  Piarist  college. 

Rossier,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.     See  Rosiere. 

Rossilglione,ro8-seel-yo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Genoa,  on  the  Stura  Rossiglione.     Pop.  2753. 

Rossignol  Lake,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Lake  Rossignou 

Rossinar,  a  village  of  Transylvania.     See  Resinar. 

Rossiya.     See  Russia. 

Rossia,  ross'l&,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles 
W.  of  Sangerhausen.     Pop.  2316. 

Ros 8 'land,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton. 

Rosslau,  a  town  of  Anhalt.    See  Roslau. 

Rossleben,  ross'l&^b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  25 
miles  W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  2133. 

RossMyn,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 

Ross  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2<) 
miles  S.  of  Dunkirk. 

Rosso,  ros'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  on 
the  Bisagno.     Pop.  of  commune,  2899. 

Ross  (ross)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Charles- 
ton.    Here  are  2  turpentine-distilleries. 

Ross'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Manor  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Kittanning. 

Rosston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  oo.,  Tex.,  60  miles  W. 
of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church. 

Ross'town,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  near  Danville  Station,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount 
Vernon.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  Ac 

Rosstrevor,  a  seaport  of  Ireland.     See  Rostrevor. 

Ross  View,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Ross'ville,  a  post-village  in  Grant  and  Ross  townships, 
Vermilion  co..  111.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Vermilion  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a 
graded  school,  an  elevator,  and  12  stores.     Pop.  1000. 

Rossville,  a  post- village  in  Ross  township,  Clinton 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Wild  Cat  River,  about  17 
miles  E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a  graded  school,  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  pumps,  Ac.    Pop.  471. 

Rossville,  a  post-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rossville,  a  post- village  in  Rossville  township,  Shaw- 
nee CO.,  Kansas,  on  Cross  Creek,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  420. 

Rossville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  about  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Rossville,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Rich- 
mond CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Staten  Island  Sound,  about  18  miles 
S.W.  of  New  York,  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Rahway,  N.J.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Rossville,  a  village  of  Spring  Creek  township,  Miami 
CO.,  0.,  adjoining  Huntersville,  and  i  mile  from  Piqua.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rossville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warrington  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  coach-factory. 

Rossville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rossville  township,  Chester 
CO.,  S.C,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  The  township, 
which  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  has  6  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  w-vnship,  1600. 

Rossville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  125. 

Rossville,  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 

Ross'ville,  a  village  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Play 
Green  Lake,  2  miles  B.  of  Norway  House.  North-WestTern- 


ROS 


2312 


ROT 


tories,  Canada.  It  is  composed  of  wooden  houses  surrounded 
by  gardens,  inhabited  and  cultivated  by  Christian  Indians. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a  Wesleyan  mission. 

Ross'vvay,  a  post-settlement  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Digby  Neck,  9  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  100. 

RossAvein^  ross'^In,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Mulde, 
6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nossen.  Pop.  6968.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth. 

Rost,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  104. 

Rostak)  rosH&k',  an  inland  town  of  South  Arabia,  do- 
minion and  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscat. 

Rosterschiitz,  the  German  name  of  Wladislawow. 

Ros'tock,  a  city  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
on  the  Warnow,  9  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic,  and 
at  the  termination  of  a  branch  railway,  44  miles  N.E.  of 
Schwerin.  Lat.  54°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  14'  E.  Pop.  44,4j09. 
It  consists  of  an  old,  a  middle,  and  a  new  town,  with  sev- 
eral suburbs.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  palace  of  the 
grand  duke,  numerous  churches,  several  hospitals,  a  town 
hall,  and  a  theatre.  It  has  a  university  founded  in  1419, 
with  a  library,  theological  and  other  schools,  an  anatomical 
theatre,  laboratory,  botanic  garden,  and  various  scientific 
collections.  Here  are  also  a  society  of  natural  history  and 
other  associations,  and  a  commercial  institute.  It  has  nu- 
merous manufactories  of  woollen  cloth,  soap,  and  chiccory, 
with  extensive  breweries,  distilleries,  vinegar-,  color-,  and 
chemical-factories,  and  sugar-refineries.  Its  trade  is  ex- 
tensive; the  exports  consist  principally  of  superior  red 
wheat,  barley,  pease,  rape-seed,  oats,  wool,  rags,  oil-cake, 
rape  oil,  bones,  flax,  horses,  cattle,  and  provisions;  the 
imports  comprise  colonial  produce,  wines,  and  manufactured 
goods.  The  depth  of  water  in  the  river  is  from  8  to  9  feet, 
and  vessels  above  that  draught  load  and  unload  at  Warne- 
miinde,  its  outport.  Rostock  is  mentioned  in  history  as 
early  as  1161,  and  was  long  one  of  the  Hanse  Towns. 

Ros'tok,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from  Starken- 
bach.     Pop.  1050. 

Rostov,  or  Rostow,  ros-tov',  written  also  Rostoff, 
or  Dmitria-RostofskagOjd'me'tre-i-ros-tofs-ki'go,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  225  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yeka- 
terinoslav,  on  the  Moscow-Caucasus  Railway,  and  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Don,  22  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the 
Sea  of  Azof.  Pop.  75,576.  It  is  well  built,  and  defended 
by  a  strong  fortress.  It  has  depots  of  provisions  for  the 
army,  and  is  a  principal  entrepSt  for  the  trade  of  the  vast 
countries  traversed  by  the  Don.   It  has  a  large  annual  fair. 

Rostov,  Rostow,  or  Rostoff,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  Lake 
Nero.  Pop.  9683.  It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and 
is  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop.  The  principal  edifices  are 
an  ancient  cathedral,  several  convents,  episcopal  palaces, 
and  a  seminary.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  vitriol, 
and  colors,  and  an  active  commerce.  Its  annual  fair  is  often 
frequented  by  about  45,000  persons.     See  also  Nero. 

Rostra'ver,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Rostraver  town- 
ship, Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg. The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Youghio- 
gheny  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Monongahela.  It 
contains  a  small  village  named  Webster,  and  has  7  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3895. 

Rostrenen,  rosHr9h-n5N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
06tes-du-Nord,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  1626. 

Rostrevor,  or  Rosstrevor,  ros-tree'vpr,  a  town  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  the  N.  side  of  Carlingford  Bay,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Newry  by  railway.     Pop.  627. 

Roswell,  roz'well,  a  post-viUage  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Vickery's  Creek, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta,  and  about  22  miles  N.  of  At- 
lanta. It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-fac- 
tory, and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1138. 

Roswell,  a  post-office  of  Chaves  oo..  New  Mexico. 

Rota,  ro't&,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.  Lat.  14°  9'  N. ; 
ion.  145°  18'  E.     It  is  12  miles  long  and  5i  miles  broad. 

Rota,  ro'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  6  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cadiz.   Pop.  6972.   It  has  a  castle  and  a  harbor. 

Rotello,  ro-tSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campo- 
basso,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  2290. 

Rotenbnrg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Rothenbdbg. 

Rotenbnrg,  ro't^n-bSSRS^  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
and  62  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1770. 

Roterodamnm,  the  Latin  name  of  Rottbrdam. 

Roth,  rSt,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  joins  the  Danube  on 
the  right,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ulm.     Length,  38  miles. 

Roth,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Rednitz,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  2604.  It  has  a  castle,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  gold  and  silver  lace, 
and  glass. 


Ro'tha,  or  Ro'thay,  a  small  stream  of  England,  in 
Westmoreland,  a  tributary  of  Windermere,  near  Ambleside. 

Rotha,  ro'ti,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Pleisse.     Pop.  2029. 

Rothalben,  a  village  of  Bavaria.     See  Rodalben. 

Rothhury,   roth'ber-e,  a    town    of  England,   co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  Coquet,  and  on  a  railway,  11  milea  ' 
W.S.W.  of  Alnwick.     Pop.  1074. 

Roth-Dobrawitz,  Bohemia.    See  Dobrawitz. 

Rothenburg,ro't§n-b66RG\a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia 
54  miles  W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  1225. 

Rothenburg,  ro't§n-biirg  or  ro't§n-b66RG\  or  Ro^ 
teubarg,  ro't§n-bo6RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Na 
sau,  on  the  Fulda,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  3229. 

Rothenburg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  23  mileaj 
N.N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1225. 

Rotheubnrg,  ro't^n-bSSRG^  a  village  of  Switzerland 
canton  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1312. 

Rothenburg-an-der-Tauber,  ro'tQn-bo5RG^-&n- 
dfiR-tow'b^r,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Tauber,  31  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  5241.  It  has  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Rothenfels,  ro't§n-ffils\  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Murg,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  1569. 

Rothenfels,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia, 
17  miles  W.N.W.  of  WJirzburg.     Pop.  908. 

Rothenmann,  a  town  of  Styria.    See  Rottenhamn. 

Rothenthurm,  ro't^n-tooRm^  {i.e.,  "red  tower"),  a 
pass  of  Europe,  between  Transylvania  and  Roumania,  17 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Hermannstadt. 

Rother,  rora'^r,  a  small  river  of  England,  in  Sussex, 
enters  the  English  Channel  at  Rye. 

Rother,  a  rivulet  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  enters  the 
Thames  at  Rotherhithe. 

Rotherham,  roTH'er-^m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Don,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Sheffield, 
at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  various  churches,  many 
chapels,  a  court-house,  a  market-house,  a  public  library,  a 
college  of  the  Independents,  a  literary  institution,  a  gram- 
mar-school, almshouses,  a  workhouse,  and  on  its  old  bridg< 
is  an  ancient  chapel,  now  used  for  a  prison.  Rotherham 
has  manufactures  of  all  kinds  of  iron  goods,  including 
cannons,  machinery,  and  bridge-work,  also  of  starch,  rope, 
twine,  glass,  and  soap,  large  breweries,  and  flax-mills  ;  its 
industry  and  trade  being  facilitated  by  abundant  supplies 
of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  and  by  the  navigation  of  the  Don. 
Pop.  (1891^  42,050. 

Rotherhithe,  roTH'§r-hiTH,  often  pronounced  and 
written  Red'riff,  a  parish  of  England,  a  S.E.  suburb  of 
the  metropolis,  co.  of  Surrej',  on  the  Thames,  2i  miles  S.E. 
of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  consists  mostly  of  inferior  streets, 
and  of  dock-yards  for  ship-building,  &c.,  in  which,  and  in 
ship- chandlery,  its  population  is  chiefly  employed.  Here 
is  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Thames  Tunnel.     Pop.  36,024. 

Roth'erwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Holston  River,  1  mile  from  Kingsport,  and  26  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rogersville.  It  has  a  woollen-factory  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Rothes,  roth'^s,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Elgin.     Near  here  is  Rothes  Castle.     Pop.  1319. 

Rothesay,  roth'si,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Bute,  at  the  head  of  a  beautiful  bay  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  island,  30  miles  W.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  much  resorted 
to  by  invalids.  The  principal  public  edifices  are  2  churches 
and  numerous  chapels,  a  ruined  castle  of  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury, excellent  schools,  county  and  town  halls,  and  custom- 
and  excise-offices.  It  has  public  libraries  and  reading- 
rooms,  banks,  insurance  companies,  large  cotton-mills,  some 
ship-building  docks,  and  important  herring-,  salmon-,  had 
dock-,  whiting-,  and  sole-fisheries.     Pop.  (1891)  9034. 

Rothes  Meer,  the  German  name  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Rothhaar- Gebirge,  r5t'h&r  -  gh§h-bgeR'gh§h,  a 
mountain-range  in  the  E.  part  of  the  Rhenish  Province, 
Prussia,  stretches  nearly  45  miles,  from  S.W.  to  N.E. 

Rothmiihle,  rOfmllM^h,  a  village  partly  in  Bohemia 
and  partly  in  Moravia,  near  PoUczka.     Pop.  3267. 

Roth'say,  or  Maryborough,  a  post-village  in  Wel- 
lington CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Conestogo,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Elora.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  a  saw- 
and  grist-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Rothsay,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunsmci 
on  the  Kennebaccasis  River,  and  on  the  Intercolonial 
way,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  160. 

Rothsville,  rSts'vII,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  oo.,  ] 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Lancaster,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Rothvill 
Station  of  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad.     It  has 
coach-shop,  a  floUr-mill,  and  a  cigar-factory. 


ROT 


2313 


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att 
■beo 


lloth'ville)  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  oc,   Mo.,  10 

ilea  S.  of  Brookfield.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Rothville,  a  station  in  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Read- 

ig  &  Columbia  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Rothwasser,  rSt'Ms^s^r,  a  village  of  Moravia,  35 

lies  N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2990. 

Rothwasser,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.'N.E. 
Landskron.     Pop.  3339. 

Rotomagas,  an  ancient  name  of  Rotten. 

Rotouda,  ro-ton'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  19 

ilos  S.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  2861. 

Rotondella,  ro-ton-ddri&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basi- 
loata,  adjacent  to  the  above.     Pop.  3883. 

RotschensaliU)  rot^sh^n-s&lm',  a  fort  and  naval  sta- 
ion  of  Russia,  N.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  12  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Frederickshamn,  on  one  of  the  small  islands 
which  stud  the  mouth  of  the  Kymmene. 

Rotselaer,  rot^s^h-l&r',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Dyle,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

Rottee,  Rotti,  Rotte,  rot'tee,  or  Rot'to,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  oflf  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Timor. 
Lat.  10°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  E.  Length,  60  miles ;  breadth, 
20  miles.  The  Dutch  have  an  establishment  on  the  island, 
«t  the  N.E.  end  of  which  is  the  village  of  Rangong.    Some 

graphers  regard  this  as  the  southernmost  island  of  Asia. 

Rottenburg,  rot't§n-b55RO\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
n  the  Neckar,  12  miles  W.  of  Reutlingen.  Pop.  6155.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  manufactures 
of  leather  and  paper. 

Rot'tenmann\  or  Rothenmann,  ro't^n-m&nn^  a 
town  of  Styria,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Enns,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Judenburg.     Pop.  1581. 

Rotterdam,  rot't§r-d8,m'  (Dutch  pron.  rotH^r-dim' ; 
L.  Boteroda'mum),  a  city  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Hol- 
land, at  the  confluence  of  the  Rotte  with  the  Maas,  and  at 
a  railway  junction,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amsterdam.  Lat. 
51°  55'  3"  N.;  Ion.  4°  29'  5"  E.  Pop.  in  1890,  209,136. 
It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  isosceles  triangle,  toe  base  and 
longest  side  of  which  is  next  the  river.  The  city  has  as 
many  canals  as  streets,  across  which  communication  is 
maintained  by  innumerable  drawbridges.  It  is  also  trav- 
ersed by  the  Rotte,  a  small  stream,  at  the  junction  of 
which  with  the  Maas  there  is  a  large  dike  or  dam,  whence 
the  name.  The  river  opposite  the  town  is  from  30  to  40 
feet  deep,  and  bordering  it  is  a  fine  quay.  Many  of  the 
houses  are  quaint  gabled  edifices,  overhanging  their  founda- 
tions.    The  principal  buildings  are  along  the  chief  canals. 

The  city  has  several  market-places,  a  town  hall,  court- 
house, house  of  correction,  the  exchange,  the  old  East  India 
House,  the  government  dock-yards,  arsenal,  rope-walks,  Ac. 
The  Qrootekerk  ("  Great  Church"),  or  church  of  St.  Lau- 
tens,  founded  in  1414  and  finished  in  1472,  contains  mon- 
uments to  De  Witt,  Kortenaar,  and  De  Brakel,  and  has  one 
of  the  finest  organs  in  the  world,  having  90  stops  and  6900 
pipes.  The  benevolent  institutions  include  a  hospital  for 
aged  women  and  another  for  old  men,  2  orphan  hospitals, 
and  a  general  hospital.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  central  prison 
of  the  Netherlands,  has  an  exchange  with  a  library  and  a 
collection  of  philosophical  instruments,  a  Latin  school 
called  the  Erasmus  Gymnasium,  schools  of  medicine  and 
navigation,  societies  of  the  fine  arts,  of  science,  of  litera- 
ture, and  of  music. 

Rotterdam  is  more  favorably  situated  for  trade  than  Am- 
sterdam ;  its  canals  admit  the  largest  vessels ;  a  ship-canal 
has  been  cut  through  the  Hook  of  Holland,  and  it  commu- 
nicates by  canals  and  railways  with  every  part  of  the  king- 
dom. Since  1830  its  commerce  has  increased  more  rapidly 
than  that  of  any  other  town  in  the  Netherlands.  It  sends 
to  the  Dutch  Eastern  possessions,  and  to  the  West  Indies, 
provisions,  spirits,  wines,  mineral  waters,  and  manufactured 
goods,  in  return  for  coflFee,  sugar,  spices,  cotton,  dye-woods, 
Ac.  To  England  and  Scotland,  with  which  it  carries  on  an 
extensive  and  lucrative  trade,  it  sends  cheese,  butter,  flax, 
madder,  seeds,  fruits,  ducks,  and  large  numbers  of  sheep 
and  cattle.  With  America  and  with  France,  Spain,  Portu- 
gal, and  the  northern  states  of  Europe,  it  has  also  a  con- 
siderable trade.  Along  the  Rhine  it  sends  to  Germany  and 
Switzerland  sugar,  coflfee,  cotton,  dye-woods,  indigo,  spices, 
Dutch  tobacco,  rape-seed,  madder,  butter,  cheese,  fish,  Ac, 
in  return  for  wheat,  rye.  Moselle  and  Rhine  wine,  pipe- 
clay, pottery-ware,  chemical  stuffs,  Ac. 

Besides  its  extensive  commerce,  Rotterdam  has  many  dis- 
tilleries, breweries,  vinegar-works,  tan-works,  candle-works, 
dye-works,  sugar-refineries,  bleach-fields,  com-,  oil-,  trass-, 
snuff-,  and  saw-mills,  and  ship-building  yards.  It  has 
likewise  steam  communication  with  London,  Leith,  Hull, 
Yarmouth,  Dunkirk,  Havre,  Antwerp,  Ao 

146 


Rotterdam  is  the  birthplace  of  the  celebrated  Erasmus, 
and  of  the  naval  hero  Comelis  Van  Tromp. 

Rot'terdam,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Rotterdam,  a  township  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  2355. 

Rotterdam  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Annamooko. 

Rotti,  or  Rotto,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Rottee. 

Rott'nest  (Rat-Nest)  Island,  West  Australia,  co. 
of  Perth,  is  opposite  the  mouth  of  Swan  River.  Lat.  31° 
57'  S.;  Ion.  115°  25'  E.     Length,  10  miles. 

Rottum,  rot'tiim,  or  Rottumeroog,  rot'tiim-?h-r5g\ 
an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Groningen,  in 
the  North  Sea,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Borkum. 

Rottum,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  joins  the  Danube,  on 
the  right,  about  7  miles  above  Ulm.     Length,  32  miles. 

Rottweil,  rof'fril,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  a  height 
beside  the  Neckar,  14  miles  S.  of  Sulz.  Pop.  4596.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  hospital,  an 
exchange,  schools,  and  a  considerable  trade. 

Rotuma,  Rotumah,  ro-too'm&,  Rotuam,  ro-too'- 
im,  or  Gren'ville  Island,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
N.W.  of  the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  12°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  177° 
30'  E.     Circumference,  18  miles.     Pop.  2680. 

Rotz,  rots,  Retz,  rSts,  or  Retza,  rfit'zi,  a  town  of 
Austria,  on  the  Thaya,  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vienna.    P.  1206. 

Rotz,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Schwarzach,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1182. 

Roubaix,  roo'bi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  on  the  Canal  of  Roubaix,  and  on  the  Northern  Rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.  of  Lille.  Pop.  114,917.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  manufactures,  and  is  one  of  the  most  industrious  and 
thriving  towns  in  France.  It  is  abundantly  supplied  with 
water  by  artesian  wells.  Its  manufactures  comprise  wool- 
len and  cotton  fabrics,  velvets,  bareges,  cloaks,  mohair,  fur- 
niture, cloth,  carpets,  and  twist.  Roubaix  has  also  many 
dye-works,  tanneries,  distilleries,  and  machine-shops.  Its 
workpeople  are  in  better  circumstances  than  those  of  most 
other  manufacturing  towns  in  the  country. 

Roubidonx,  roo^be-doo',  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo., 
in  Upton  township. 

Roubidoux,  or  Robideaux,  a  township  of  Texas 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rolla.     Pop.  617. 

Roubidonx  (Robideaux,  or  Robidoux)  Creek, 
Missouri,  rises  in  Texas  co.,  runs  northward,  and  enters  the 
Gasconade  River  in  Pulaski  oo.,  1  mile  below  Waynesville. 

Roubion,  roo^be-6N>»',  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Drdme, 
flows  \V.,  and  joins  the  Rhone  at  Mont61imar. 

Roudbar,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Roodbar. 

Rouen,  roo'en  (Fr.  pron.  rwiN;  anc.  Hatom'agtu  or 
Rotom'agua),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  84 
miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  and  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Havre,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Lat.  49°  26'  N. ;  Ion. 
1°  6'  E.  Pop.  in  1891, 112,352.  It  stands  on  a  gentle  ac- 
clivity facing  the  S.,  and  is  bnilt  in  the  shape  of  an  irregu- 
lar oval,  the  contour  of  which  is  marked  out  by  the  site  of 
the  old  ramparts,  which  have  been  levelled  down  and  con- 
verted into  finely-planted  boulevards.  In  addition  to  the 
town  proper  there  are  several  suburbs,  of  which  that  of  St. 
Sever,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  jriver,  is  the  most  extensive. 
Viewed  from  the  adjoining  heights,  no  provincial  town  in 
France  presents  a  more  magnificent  and  venerable  aspect. 

Among  the  public  edifices  the  first  place  is  due  to  the 
cathedral,  a  vast  and  imposing  structure,  with  its  front 
flanked  by  two  lofty  towers,  and  almost  covered  with  images 
and  sculptures.  Its  interior  is  435  feet  long,  104  feet  broad, 
and  89^  feet  high.  The  choir  has  on  its  pavement  small 
lozenge-shaped  tablets  of  marble,  marking  the  spots  where 
the  heart  ot  Richard  Coeur-de-Lion  and  the  bodies  of  his 
brother  Henry  and  his  uncle  Geoflfroy  Plantagenet  were 
interred.  The  other  principal  edifices  are  the  archbishop's 
palace,  ac^oining  the  cathedral,  the  abbey  of  St.  Ouen,  with 
a  church,  the  church  of  St.  Maolou,  the  h6tel-de-ville,  con- 
taining, in  addition  to  the  municipal  buildings,  a  public 
library  and  a  picture-gallery,  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the 
museum,  and  the  Halles,  a  vast  edifice  containing  a  series 
of  halls,  in  which  the  principal  manufactures  of  the  town 
are  weekly  exposed  for  sale.  In  the  Place  de  la  Pucelle  is 
a  monument  erected  to  the  Maid  of  Orleans,  on  the  spot 
where  the  heroine  was  committed  to  the  flames. 

The  staple  manufactures  are  cottons,  in  a  great  variety 
of  forms,  produced  to  such  an  extent  as  to  make  Rouen  the 
Manchester  of  France.  It  is  also  famous  for  its  confec- 
tionery. The  other  principal  articles  are  broadcloth, 
combs,  fine  liqueurs,  chemical  products,  Ac.  There  are  alsu 
tanneries,  sugar-refineries,  copper-  and  iron-foundries, 
forges,  and  rolling-mills.     The  situation  of  the  town  on  the 


ROCJ 


2314 


ROU 


railway  from  Paris  to  Havre,  and  on  an  important  naviga- 
ble river,  accessible  by  large  vessels,  is  very  favorable  for 
trade.  The  principal  articles  are  grain,  flour,  wine,  brandy, 
salt,  provisions,  oil,  wool,  and  the  various  articles  of  its 
manufacture,  particularly  a  species  of  striped  and  checked 
eotton  goods  called  rouenneriea. 

Rouen  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  courts  of 
primary  jurisdiction  and  commerce,  and  of  a  court  of  appeal 
for  the  departments  of  Seine-Inf6rieure  and  Eure.  It  has 
a  chamber  of  commerce  and  exchange,  coneeil  de  prud'- 
hommea,  mint,  li/cSe  or  college,  diocesan  seminary,  school 
•f  hydrography,  academy  of  science  and  art,  a  school  of 
painting,  sculpture,  and  architecture,  a  botanic  garden,  a 
public  library  of  120,000  volumes,  a  theatre,  and  a  custom- 
'nouse.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  existed  before 
the  conquest  of  Gaul  by  the  Romans,  under  whom  it  took 
the  name  of  Rotomagua.  In  the  ninth  century  it  was  pil- 
laged by  the  Normans,  who  made  it  their  capital.  After 
the  Norman  conquest  it  long  continued  in  the  possession  of 
the  English,  who  finally  lost  it  in  1419, 18  years  after  their 
inhuman  sacrifice  of  Joan  of  Arc.  Corneille,  Fontenelle, 
and  other  eminent  men  were  born  here. 

Ronergue^  roo-aing'  or  rwfing,  an  ancient  district  of 
France,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  province  of  Quienne.  It  was 
divided  into  Haute-Marche,  Basse-Marche,  and  Comt6. 
Rodez  was  its  capital.  It  is  now  included  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aveyron. 

Ronffach,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Rufach. 

Roug6,  roo-'^zhi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Chateaubriant.     Pop.  258. 

Rouge  Bayoii)  roozh  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  drains  part  of 
Avoyelles  parish,  and  joins  the  Atchafalaya  in  St.  Lan- 
dry parish. 

Rouge  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Ontario,  17  miles  E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Rougemont,  roozVm6Na',  or  Retchmund«  rdtch^- 
muNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Be- 
san^on.     Pop.  1334. 

Rougemont,  roozh^miuo',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Saane,  28  miles  E.  of  Lausanne. 

Rougemont,  roozh^mduo',  a  post-village  in  Rouville 
CO.,  Quebec,  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chambly  Basin.  Pop.  500. 

Rouge  (roozh)  River;  Michigan,  rises  in  Newaygo  co., 
runs  southward  into  Kent  co.,  and  enters  Grand  River  about 
10  miles  above  Grand  Rapids. 

Rouge  River,  Michigan,  is  formed  by  3  branches 
which  rise  in  Oakland  and  Washtenaw  cos.  and  unite  at 
Dearborn,  Wayne  co.  It  runs  eastward,  and  enters  Detroit 
River  5  miles  below  the  city  of  Detroit. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  at  the  junction  of  the  East 
Alabama  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Opelika. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co., 
Cal.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Grass  Valley,  and  about  25  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  quartz-mill  for  gold,  which 
is  found  here. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  village  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  &c.     Pop.  160. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.. 
Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Rough  and  Ready  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co., 
Va.,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Rough  Creek,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Grayson  and 
Hardin  cos.,  runs  westward  and  southwestward  through 
Ohio  CO.,  and  enters  Green  River  about  9  miles  above  Cal- 
houn.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Rough  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Smithville,  and  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Rough  Creek  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Hardin 
CO.,  Ky.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Big  Clifty.  Here  is  a  mineral 
■pring  with  a  hotel  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Roujan,  roo^zh5N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  B6ziers.     Pop.  1875. 

Rouk,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Hogolek  Islands. 

Roulers,  rooMi'  (Flemish,  Rouaaelaer,  rows^s§h-liR'),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Lys,  at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cour- 
trai.  Pop.  11,500.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufac- 
tures of  linens. 

Roulet,  or  Roulette,  roo-l5t',  a  post-township  of 
Potter  'ic.  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  7  miles  B.S.E.  of 


Port  Alleghany.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks  and  lum. 
ber.     Pop.  525. 

Roum,  a  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Skbvas. 

Ruumania,  roo-ma'ne-a,  a  kingdom  of  S.  Europe^, 
comprising  the  former  principalities  of  Moldavia  and  Wal- 
lachia,  with  the  Dobrudja.  Roumania  properis  bounded  E. 
and  N.  by  the  Pruth,  separating  it  from  Russia ;  S.  by  the 
Danube,  separating  it  from  Bulgaria ;  W.  and  N.W.  by  the 
Carpathian  Mountains,  which  separate  it  from  the  Austrian 
empire.  (See  also  Dobrddja.)  Area,  49,262  square  miles. 
Total  pop.  5,376,000.  Moldavia  is  230  miles  in  length  N. 
to  S.,  and  85  miles  in  breadth.  Surface  mountainous  in 
the  W.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  the  Carpathians  and  their 
branches;  level  towards  the  E.  Chief  rivers,  the  Pruth, 
Sereth,  Birbal,  and  Bistritz,  all  flowing  S.  It  is  covered 
with  forests  and  pasture-lands,  in  which  vast  numbers  of 
horses  and  cattle  are  reared.  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  fruit, 
and  wine.  Climate  variable  and  unhealthy ;  hot  in  summer, 
excessively  cold  in  winter.  It  has  almost  no  manufactures 
or  practicable  roads.  It  is  divided  into  13  districts,  and 
has  36  towns  and  about  2000  villages.  Chief  town,  Yassy. 
Wallachia  is  bounded  S.E.,  S.,  and  S.W.  by  the  Danube, 
which  separates  it  from  Bulgaria  and  Servia,  N.  by  Mol- 
davia and  Austria-Hungary.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  270  miles; 
mean  breadth,  120  miles.  Chief  town,  Bucharest.  Sur- 
face mountainous  in  the  N.,  low  and  marshy  in  the  S. 
It,  is  well  watered  by  the  Danube  and  its  affluents  tho 
Aloota,  Schyl,  Jalomriitza,  and"  Dimbovetza,  and  generally 
very  fertile.  Climate  extreme ;  hot  and  moist  in  summer, 
and  very  cold  in  winter.  Chief  crops,  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
hemp,  and  tobacco.  The  vine  thrives  well.  Forests  are 
extensive,  and  pasturage  excellent.  Cattle  and  sheep  are 
extensively  reared,  and  fine  wool  is  exported.  The  inhab- 
itants are  chiefly  Wallachians,  with  a  mixture  of  gypsies, 
Jews,  Armenians,  and  Greeks,  mostly  of  the  Greek  church, 
speaking  a  dialect  of  Latin  origin.  This  country  formed 
part  of  Daeia  in  the  Roman  empire.  It  was  afterwards 
under  the  dominion  of  the  Goths  and  Huns;  it  formed  a 
separate  kingdom  in  1290;  in  1479  it  was  conquered  by 
Mohammed  II. ;  it  regained  its  independence  for  a  short 
time,  and  afterwards  formed  a  province  of  the  Ottoman 
empire  till  1829.  By  the  treaty  of  Adrianople,  in  1830,  it 
was  placed  under  the  protect,ion  of  Russia  and  its  vassalage 
to  Turkey  became  nominal.  Moldavia  was  subjected  to  the 
Turkish  empire  in  1529,  but  since  1829  it  has  been  only 
tributary  to  the  Ottoman  Porte.  The  prince  or  hospodar 
was  nominated  for  life  by  the  Sultan  and  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  conjointly.  On  July  2,  1853,  a  Russian  army,  com- 
manded by  Prince  Gortchakoff,  invaded  the  Danubian 
principalities.  In  October  the  hospodars  resigned  their 
government  to  an  extraordinary  council  of  administration, 
November  8  an  ukase  of  the  Emperor  of  Russia  conferred 
the  administration  on  Baron  de  Budberg.  On  July  31, 
1864,  the  Russians  evacuated  Bucharest,  and  in  terms  of 
the  treaty  of  Paris,  in  1856,  the  Moldavians  took  possession 
of  Bolgrad,  Ismail,  and  Reni  in  February,  1857.  Prince 
Charles  of  Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen  was  elected  Prince  of 
Roumania  in  1866.  Roumania  assisted  the  Russians  in 
the  Turkish  war  of  1877-78,  was  declared  an  independent 
monarchy  in  1878,  and  in  the  same  year  received  Dobrudja, 
in  lien  of  Western  Bessarabia,  reclaimed  by  Russia. 

Roumelia,  roo-mee'le-a,  Room-Elee,  or  Rumili> 
room'e-lee\  a  former  province  of  European  Turkey,  com- 
prising the  whole  country  S.  of  the  Balkans  and  E.  of 
Macedonia.  In  1878  a  portion  of  this  territory  was  given 
to  Bulgaria,  and  a  larger  portion  was  formed  into  the  prin- 
cipality of  Eastern  Roumelia,  which  was  in  turn  attached 
to  Bulgaria  in  1885.  Chief  cities,  Constantinople  and 
Adrianople. 

Ronm-Kalah,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Room-Kalah. 

Round'away  Bayou  (bi'oo),  of  Louisiana,  traverse* 
Madison  parish  a  few  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi,  with 
which  it  communicates  in  high  water.  It  is  connected  to- 
wards the  S.  with  Bayou  Vidal. 

Round  Bot'tom,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Round  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  from  Huntington.     It  has  a  church. 

Round  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Round  Grove,  township,  Livingston  co..  111.     P.  64<'' 

Round  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Ster- 
ling.    It  has  a  church.  -a  tni 

Round  Grove,  post-township.  White  co.,  Ind.  P- *"*• 

Ronnd  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Davenport. 

Round  Grove,  a  post-township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn- 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Glencoe.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  242. 


ROU 


2315 


ROV 


Round  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Sarcoxie.     It  has  a  church. 

Round  Grove,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    See  Beyerlv. 

Round  Grove,  township,  Marion  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1379. 

Round'hay,  a  township  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Leeds.  It  has  a  picturesque  church 
and  almshouses,  and  consists  almost  entirely  of  handsome 
mansions  with  gardens  and  spacious  grounds. 

Round'head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  in 
Roundhead  township,  on  the  Scioto  River,  about  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Lima,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Kenton.  Pop.  117 ;  of 
the  township,  759. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  a  coach-factory. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Loudoun  co., 
Va.,  at  a  terminus  of  the  Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  18 
miles  W.  of  Leesburg. 

Round  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Western  Counties  Railway,  8  miles  E.  of 
Annapolis.     Pop.  200. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  St.  John  River,  23  miles  above  St.  John.     P.  100. 

Round  House,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind. 

Round  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on 
Sinnemahoning  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  in  Erie 
Railroad,  45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Round  Knob,  nSb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Round  Lake,  a  small  lake  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  has 
its  outlet  into  Lake  Pleasant. 

Round  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Minn., 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Worthington.     Pop.  104. 

Round  Lake,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  in  Malta 
township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  a  small  lake,  and  on 
the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     Camp-meetings  are  held  here. 

Round  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Round  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co., 
Ala.,  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  contains  the 
iron-works  of  the  Round  Mountain  Coal  and  Iron  Co. 

Round  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal., 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Redding.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Round  Mountain,  post-office,  Socorro  oo..  New  Mex. 

Round  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C., 
60  miles  from  Statesville. 

Round  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex., 

miles  W.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Round  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Ga. 

Round  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Round  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  oo.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Waterford.     Pop.  160. 

Round  Pond,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Round  Pond,  a  post-village  in  Bristol  township, 
Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  22  miles 
E.  of  Bath.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  and  a  manufactory  of  fish 
oil.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Round  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.  1047. 

Round  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Todd  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  359. 

Round  PrairiOy  a  township  of  Callaway  oo.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1211. 

Round  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Round  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tex., 
on  or  near  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  money-order  post^ffice,  a  church, 
a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  &o. 

Round  Spring,  a  post-of&ce  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Kansas, 
36  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth. 

Round  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Shannon  oo..  Mo. 

Round  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Rook  Castle  oo.,  Ky. 

Round  Tim'ber,  a  post-office  of  Baylor  oo.,  Tex. 

Round  Top,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Corning,  Cowanesque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Wellsborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  oheese-factory,  and  2 
saw-mills. 

Round  Top,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  oo.,  Tenn.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Round  Top,  a  post-village  of  Payette  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Ledbetter,  and  66  miles  E.S.B.  of  Austin.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Round  Top,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsborg. 


I» 


Round  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

Round  Valley,  township,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.    P.  444» 

Rounyah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Roo.nyah. 

Roup,  roop,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Rouphia,  roo-fee'a  (anc.  Alphe'us),  a  river  of  Greece, 
in  the  Morea,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Carbonaro, 
Ladon,  and  Dogana  Rivers,  drains  Arcadia,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  near  Cape 
Katacolo.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Roure,  roor,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Pi- 
nerolo,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  of  commune,  3025. 

Rourontoa,  Paoifio  Ocean.     See  Oheteroa. 

Rousa,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Roosa. 

Rousay,  roo's4,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  in  Scot- 
land, 5^  mUes  S.  of  the  headland  of  Skea,  in  Westray. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  4  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles.   Pop.  860. 

Rouse's  (rdwss'iz)  Point,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co., 
Montana. 

Rouse's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Champlain  township, 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  at  its  outlet,  24  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Plattsburg,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Albans. 
It  is  on  the  Canadian  frontier,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
New  York  A  Canada  Railroad,  connected  with  Montreal  by 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Vermont 
Central  Railroad.  The  trains  of  this  road  here  cross  the 
lake  on  a  bridge  about  1  mile  long.  The  village  contains  3 
churches,  large  repair-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  tobacco-pipes,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  1856. 
Printing  is  largely  carried  on  here. 

Rouseville,  rdwss'vil,  a  post-village  in  Cornplanter 
township,  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Titusville  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oil 
City,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  has  several  oil-wells, 
a  money-order  post-offioe,  6  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
boilers  and  engines. 

Rousseau,  roos^so',  a  post-hamlet  in  Marion  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Polk  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  5  miles  N.  of 
Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Ronsselaer,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Rodlers. 

Ronsses,  Les,  a  village  of  France.    See  Les  Rodsse& 

Roussillon,  roo^seePydN"'  or  roo^see^y6Ni'',  an  old  prov- 
ince of  France,  separated  from  Spain  by  the  Pyrenees,  and 
nearly  identical  with  the  modern  department  of  Pyr6n6e8 
Orientales.     Perpignan  was  its  capital. 

Roussillon,  a  town  of  France,  in  Is^re,  11  miles  S.  of 
Vienne.     Pop.  1528. 

Ronstchonk,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Roostchook. 

Routier  (roo-teer')  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacra- 
mento CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  and  on  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley  Railroad,  11^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Routt,  r6wt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Colorado, 
borders  on  Wyoming.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Yampah 
and  Green  Rivers.    Capital,  Hahn's  Peak.    P.  (1890)  2369. 

Rouville,  rooVeel',  a  county  of  Quebec,  bordering  on 
the  Richelieu  River.  Area,  238  square  miles.  Capital, 
Sainte  Marie  de  Monnoir.     Pop.  17,634. 

Roux,  roo,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  2  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  of  commune,  4500. 

Rouy,  roo-ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  17  miles 
E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1654. 

Rovato,  ro-v&'to,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  11  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  4345. 

Rovegno,  ro-vdn'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bobbio,  on  the  Trebbia.     Pop.  2017. 

Rovellasca,  ro-vdl-l&s'k&,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  S.  of  Como.     Pop.  1908. 

Ro'ver,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Rover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  11  milea 
W.  of  Fosterville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Roverbella,  ro-vfiR-b61'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy, 8  miles  N.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4083. 

Roverchiara,  ro-vdR-ke-&'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  milei 
S.E.  of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  3203.         • 

Roveredo,  ro-v&-r&'do,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Grisons,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  1171. 

Roveredo,  ro-vA-ri'do  (Ger.  Bovereith,  ro'v^h-rit^),  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Lens,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Adige,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Trent.  Pop.  9063. 
It  is  commanded  by  a  strong  castle,  and  has  a  gymnasium, 
a  seminary  with  a  public  library,  silk-mills,  and  mana- 
factures  of  leather  and  tobacco. 

Rovescala,  ro-vfls-ki'l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia.     Pop.  of  commune,  2102. 

Rovezzano,  ro-vit-s&'no  (L.  Eovetianum),  a  commune 
of  Italy,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  6683. 


ROV 


2316 


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RovignO)  ro-veen'yo,  or  Trevigno,  tri-veen'yo,  a 
seaport  town  of  Austria,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Istria,  39  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Triest.  It  is  situated  on  a  rocky  promontory  on 
the  Adriatic,  and  has  2  harbors,  ship-building  yards,  manu- 
factures of  sail-cloth,  an  extensive  tunny-fishery,  and  trade 
in  wine  and  olives.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  normal  school, 
and  2  hospitals.     Pop.  9564. 

ROTigO)  ro-vee'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Rovigo,  on  the  Adigetto,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Venice. 
Pop.  7452.  Its  walls  are  pierced  by  6  gateways,  and  it 
has  a  castle,  numerous  churches,  convents,  and  charitable 
institutions,  2  theatres,  and  an  academy  of  arts.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  Bishop  of  Adria.  Under  Napoleon  it  gave 
the  title  of  duke  to  General  Savary. 

Rovigo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  traversed  by 
the  Adige,  and  bounded  S.  by  the  Po.  Area,  652  square 
miles.  It  is  fertile,  producing  silk,  grain,  wine,  and  wool. 
Capital,  Rovigo.     Pop.  200,835. 

Roviio,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rowno. 

Rowan,  ro-in',  a  county  in  the  N.B.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Licking  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Triplett  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  live-stock 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  More- 
head.     Pop.  in  1870,  2991 ;  in  1880,  4420  ;  in  1890,  6129. 

Rowan,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  458  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Yadkin  and  South  Yadkin  Rivers,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  Crane  Creek  and  other  small  streams. 
The  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  underlies  part 
of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Salisbury,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,810;  in  1880, 
19,965;  in  1890,  24,123. 

RoAT^andiz,  Rowanduz,  row-&n'diz,  or  Ravandiz, 
a  fortified  town  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  76  miles  N.B.  of 
Mosul,  on  an  aflauent  of  the  Greater  Zab.  Lat.  36°  47'  N. ; 
Ion.  44°  30'  E.  It  is  encircled  with  a  wall  flanked  by 
round  towers,  and  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of  its  bey. 
The  Rowandiz  River  flows  through  a  deep  limestone  ravine 
to  the  Zab,  10  miles  distant.  The  peak  of  Rowandiz,  Ken- 
dilan  chain,  is  30  miles  E.N.E.     Pop.  9000. 

Rowan  Mills,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Rowan'ta,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va. 

Rowayton,  Connecticut.     See  Five  Mile  Rivkk. 

Rowe,  ro,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  in  Es- 
men  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  6J 
miles  N.W.  of  Pontiao.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rowe,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rowe  township,  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  about  12  miles  B.  of  North  Adams.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  satinet,  leather,  Ac.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Deerfield  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  661. 

Rowell,  ro'^l,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     P.  891. 

Rowe'na,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  opposite  Lairsville. 

RoAvensko,  ro-^Sn'sko,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2212. 

Ro'Aver,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  4  miles 
N.  of  New  Ross.     Pop.  of  parish,  1950. 

Rowesville,  roz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co., 
S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  71  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Rowland,  ro'land  or  rSw'l^iUd,  a  post-office  of  Lime- 
stone CO.,  Ala. 

Rowland,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Tahoe  Lake.     It  has  a  steamboat-landing. 

RoAVland,  a  post-office  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich. 

Rowland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bristol  township,  Morgan 
00.,  0.,  10 -miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

Rowland,  a  post- village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal,  the  Lackawaxen  Creek,  and  the 
Honesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  21  miles  B.S.B.  of 
Honesdale.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Rowland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
in  Readington  township,  1  mile  from  Stanton  Station. 

Rowlandsville,  ro'lanz-vil,  a  post- village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  4^  miles  N.  of  Port  Deposit. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  sheet-iron. 

Rowiesburg,  rolz'bilrg,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.. 


W.  Va.,  on  the  Cheat  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  560. 

Rowletta,  r3w-Iet'ta,  a  post-office  of  Pettis  oo.,  Mo., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Rowlett's  (rSw'lets)  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  76  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Rowley,  rSw'le,  a  post-hamlet  in  Homer  township, 
Buchanan  eo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Independence.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Rowley,  a  post-village  in  Rowley  township,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes, 
&c.  The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  con- 
tains extensive  salt-marshes.     Pop.  of  township,  1162. 

Rowley's  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  on  a 
bay  of  Lake  Michigan. 

Rowley's  Landing,  a  shipping-village  of  Crittenden 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  3  miles  from  Hulburt.  It 
has  2  stores,  several  cotton-gins  and  corn-mills,  and  a 
broom-factory.     In  the  vicinity  are  3  churches. 

Row^'ner,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  3  miles 
S.  of  Fareham. 

Rowno,  rov'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  near 
several  lakes,  115  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zhitomeer.   Pop.  6390. 

Rows,  or  Rowsburg,  rSwz'biirg,  a  post-village  in 
Perry  township,  Ashland  co.,  0.,  9  miles  E.  of  Ashland, 
and  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  Las  3  churches 
and  about  50  houses.     Pop.  250.     Its  post-office  is  Rows. 

Row'serah,  or  Rus'era,  also  called  Rns'ra  &nd 
Rus'ara,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Little  Gunduck.  Lat. 
25°  45'  N.  ;  Ion.  86°  4'  E.  Pop.  9441.  It  is  the  seat  of 
a  large  trade. 

Rowzah,  rSw'zi,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deocan,  N.W. 
of  Aurungabad,  near  the  caves  of  Elora. 

Row'zersville  (formerly  Pikesvilie),  a  post-village 
in  Washington  township,  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  from  the 
Blue  Ridge,  li  miles  from  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad, 
and  about  20  miles  S.S.B.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rox'abell,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Ross  co., 
0.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Paint  Creek,  and  on  the  Marietta 
<fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillioothe.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Roxala'na,  a  post-office  of  Roane  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Roxales,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Rojales. 

Rox^an'a,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  in  Balti- 
more Hundred,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Selbyville  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  an  academy,  a  lumber-mill,  a  factory  for  canning 
fruit,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Roxana,  a  post-township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  about  17 
miles  W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1354.    See  Needmere. 

Roxborough,  rSx'bur-riih,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Person  co.,  N.C,  in  Roxborough  township,  65  miles  N.N.W 
of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  421  ;  of  the  township,  2626. 

Roxborough,  formerly  a  township  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  now  included  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  about  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Independence  Hall. 
It  lies  W.  of  the  Wissahickon,  and  adjoins  Manayunk  on 
the  N.     Many  fine  residences  are  located  here. 

Roxburg,  Warren  co.,  N.J.     See  Rocksburg. 

Roxburgh,  rox'biir-rah,  or  Roxburghshire,  rox'- 
bur-riih-shir,  a  county  of  Scotland,  having  E.  and  S.  the 
English  counties  of  Northumberland  and  Cumberland. 
Area,  670  square  miles.  Pop.  53,974.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Teviot,  which  intersects  it  throughout,  and  the  Tweed 
in  the  N.  Coal,  lime,  marl,  and  freestone  are  the  chief 
mineral  products.  The  principal  manufactures  are  of 
woollens.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  North  British 
Railway  and  branches.  Principal  towns,  Jedburgh ,  the  cap- 
ital, Kelso,  Hawick,  and  Melrose.  It  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Roxburgh,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Roxburgh,  at  a  railway  junction,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Kelso. 
Pop.  1053.     It  was  anciently  a  place  of  importance. 

Roxbury,  rox'ber-e,  a  post-village  in  Roxbury  tow« 
ship,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Waterbur; 
and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Shepaug  Railroad.   It  has  3  churohe 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Shepaug  River.     Pop. 
the  township,  919.     See  Roxbuby  Station. 

Roxbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Roxbury,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  about 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston.     Pop.  162. 

Roxbury,  or  Boston  Highlands,  a  former  city  ' 


I 


ROX 


2317 


ROZ 


Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Maasachusetta  Bay,  3  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Boston.  The  site  is  elevated  and  uneven,  and  affords 
fine  views  of  picturesque  scenery.  Here  are  many  elegant 
residences,  with  gardens  and  ornamented  grounds.  In  1867 
Roxbury  was  annexed  to  Boston,  of  which  it  forms  the 
13th,  14th,  and  15th  wards.  It  has  20  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  steam- 
engines,  boilers,  fire-engines,  chemicals,  carpets,  clocks, 
leather,  paper,  cordage,  fringes,  tassels,  Ac,  and  is  con- 

^_iBeoted  with  the  city  proper  by  electric  street-railways  and 

^^■paes  of  horse-cars. 

^^HKoxbury,  a  township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.     Pop.  174. 

■T    Roxbury,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2139. 

IB      Roxbury,  or  Rocks'bury  (formerly  Youngs'ville), 

^  a  village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J^  4  miles  S.  of  Belvidere,  and 

1  mile  E.  of  the  Delaware  River  and  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
ware Railroad.  It  has  a  foundry,  a  plough-factory,  and 
nearly  50  houses.     Pink-oolorod  limestone  is  found  here. 

Roxbury,  a  post-village  in  Roxbury  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of 
Rondout,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  and  3  dry-goods  stores. 
Pop.  about  400  ;  of  the  township,  2211. 

Roxbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Windsor 
township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  about  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marietta. 

Roxbury,  a  post-village  in  Lurgan  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  N.  of  Chambersburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Roxbury,  a  post-village  in  Roxbury  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Verd-antique  marble  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop,  of  the  township,  916. 

Roxbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roxbury  township,  Dane 
lO.,  Wis,,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Madison.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1151. 

Roxbury  Falls,  a  station  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Shepaug  River,  and  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  14i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Bethel. 

Roxbury  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Roxbury  Station,  or  Chalybes  (local  pron.  ki'libs), 
a  post-village  in  Roxbury  township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Bethel,  It  has  a 
furnace,  a  grist-mill,  &c. 

Rox'tiam,  a  post-village  in  St.  Johns  co.,  Quebec,  5 
miles  from  Hemmingford.     Pop.  150. 

Roxit'icus,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Chester  Station. 
It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Rox'obel,  or  Rox'ibel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bertie  co., 
N.C.,  in  Roxobel  township,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Raleigh.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1384. 

Rox'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamar  oo.,  Tex.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Brookston  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Roxton  Falls,  a  village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Black  River,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Qranby.  It  contains  2  tan- 
neries and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  1200. 

Roxton  Pond,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  oo.,  Quebec, 

)9  miles  N.  of  Granby.     Pop.  125. 
t   Roy,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 
liRoy'al  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Boone  township,  Cass 
B.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
b  miles  N.W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  306. 
f  Royal  Milton,  England.    See  Milton. 
Royal  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  8  miles  W.  of  Easton. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Royal  Oak,  a  post-village  in  Royal  Oak  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pontiac. 
It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and 

2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400 ;  of  township,  1542. 
Royal  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 

Miami  Canal,  17  miles  S.  of  Defiance.  Much  timber  is 
shipped  here. 

Roy'alston,  a  post-village  and  township  in  Worcester 
00.,  Mass.,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  is  surrounded  by  hills  and  beautiful  scenery. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1260.  It  has  3  saw-mills,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cassimere,  chairs,  <fcc.  Royalston  Station,  in 
this  township,  is  at  South  Royalston,  on  the  Vermont  <fc 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fitchburg. 

Roy'alton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind.,  about  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Royalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Somerset. 


I mil 

h 


Royalton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Royalton  township,  Ber- 
rien CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Berrien  Springs,  and  1  mile  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  haf 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  959. 

Royalton,  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 

Royalton,  a  post-township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Tona- 
wanda  Creek,  and  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal  and  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  4990.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Middleport,  Gasport,  and  Royalton. 

Royalton,  or  Royalton  Centre,  a  post-village  in 
Royalton  township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  E.  of  Lock- 
port,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  tannery. 

Royalton,  a  township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     P.  1089. 

Royalton,  a  post-village  in  Amanda  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-shop,  a  drug-store,  <fcc.     Pop.  158. 

Royalton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.     Pop.  871. 

Royalton,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Sharon. 

Royalton,  a  post-village  in  Royalton  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Montpelier,  and  about  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank, 
and  an  academy.  The  township  contains  another  village, 
named  South  Royalton.     Total  pop.  1679. 

Royalton,  a  post-village  in  Royalton  township,  Wau- 
paca CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Waupaca  River,  and  on  the  Green 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  6i  miles  W.  of  New  London, 
and  about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  of  township,  1006. 

Royan,  ro^y6N»',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Charente-Inf6- 
rieure,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Saintes.  Pop.  4198.  It  has  a  small  harbor,  defended  by  a 
fort,  fisheries,  and  bathing-establishments. 

Roy  Bareilly,  roi  b&-r&'lee,  or  Rai  Bareli,  ri  b&< 
ri'lee,  a  town  of  India,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Lucknow.  It  is 
the  capital  of  Roy  Bareilly  district  and  division.    P.  11,544. 

Roy  Bareilly,  a  division  or  commissionership  of  the 
North- West  Provinces,  India,  in  Oude,  consisting  of  the 
districts  of  Roy  Bareilly,  Sultanpoor,  and  Pertaubghur. 
Area,  4911  square  miles.  Pop.  2,773,211.  The  district  of 
Roy  Bareilly  is  bounded  S.W.  by  the  Ganges.  Capital,  Roy 
Bareilly.    Area,  1752  square  miles.     Pop.  988,719. 

Roybon,  rwi^b6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  22 
miles  W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  2128. 

Roye,  rw&,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the  Arve, 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop.  3810.  It  has  manafao- 
tures  of  beet  sugar,  woollen  hosiery,  and  fiannel. 

Royer,  Blair  co..  Pa.    See  Mines. 

Roy6re,  roi^aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse,  23 
miles  S.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  323. 

Roy'er's  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
in  Limerick  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  opposite 
Spring  City,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  <fe  Reading  Railroad, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  stove- 
foundry,  and  a  sad-iron  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1815. 

Roy'erton,  a  post-hamlet  uf  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5i  miles  N. 
of  Muncie.     It  has  a  church. 

Royse,  rois,  a  hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile  from 
Hillsborough. 

Roys'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Hillsborough  township,  on  the  South  Branch  Railroad,  3 
miles  S.  of  Somerville. 

Royslea,  a  village  of  Ireland.     See  Roslea. 

Roys'ton,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Cambridge  and 
Herts,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambridge.  Pop.  1801.  It  haa 
a  venerable  church,  originally  part  of  a  priory,  a  union 
workhouse,  and  a  market-house,  under  which  is  a  curious 
ancient  cave. 

Roys'ton,  a  village  of  Pike  co.,  Ark.,  3  miles  N.  of 
Murfreesborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and 
a  grist-mill  on  Little  Missouri  River. 

Royston,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Elberton  Air-Line  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toocoa. 

Roy'ville,  a  village  of  Lafayette  parish.  La.,  10  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Vermilionville.     It  haa  a  cnuroh. 

Roza,  or  Rowzah,  ro'z&  ("  a  tomb"),  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Nizam's  dominions,  6^  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dowletabad. 

Rozdialowitz,  roz-de-&-lo'<^ita,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1393. 

Ro^zel',  a  station  in  Box  Elder  oo.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

RozelI'ville,  a  post-office  of  Marathon  co..  Wis. 

Rozenburg,  ro'z^n-bilRe,  a  fertile  island  of  the  Neth' 


ROZ 


2318 


RUF 


eriands,  province  of  South  Holland,  in  the  Meuse.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Rotterdam.     Length,  6  miles ;  breadth,  1^  miles. 

Ro^zet'ta,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  111.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Oquawka,  and  about  27  miles  W.  of  Galesburg.  It 
has  a  nursery  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rozmberk,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Eosenbehg. 

Rozmittal)  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Rosenthal. 

Roznawa,  a  town  of  Hungarj'.     See  Rosenau. 

Roznow,  or  Roznau,  Moravia.     See  Rosnau. 

Rozoy-  (or  Rosay,  ro^zi')  en-Brie,  ro^zwi'-iso-bre, 

town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Melun.     Pop.  1464. 

Rozoy-  (or  Rosay-)  sur-Serre,  ro^zi'-silR-saiR,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Laon.    P.  1297. 

Rshev,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rzhev. 

Rtina,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Hbrtin. 

Ruabon,  or  Rhiwabou,  ru-i'bon,  a  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Denbigh,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Wrexham.  The  town  is  small,  but  the  parish  contains 
great  iron-works  and  collieries,  and  a  pop.  of  15,150. 

Ruad,  roo^id'  (anc.  Aradua  and  Arvad),  a  small  forti- 
fied island  off  the  coast  of  Syria,  S.W.  of  Tortosa,  anciently 
the  site  of  the  city  of  Aradus. 

Ruatan,  roo-&-t&n',  or  Roatan,ro-&-t9,n',  one  of  the 
Bay  Islands,  Honduras,  in  lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  86°  19'  W. 
Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  8  miles.  Pop.  3000,  mostly 
negroes.  The  surface  is  moderately  elevated  and  well 
wooded,  but  in  the  W.  consists  of  grassy  plains ;  the  shores 
abound  with  turtles  and  fish.  The  island  has  22  good 
harbors,  of  which  Port  Medina  is  the  chief. 

Riibenach,  rii'b^h-n&K^,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  and  W.N.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1465. 

Ru'bens,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Ru'bermont,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Rubi,  roo-bee',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
10  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  2996. 

Rubiana,  roo-be-4'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  18  miles  E.  of  Susa.     Pop.  3214. 

Ru'bicam,  a  station  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ru'bicon  (It.  11  Rubicone,  il  roo-be-ko'ni),  a  river  of 
Central  Italy,  rises  on  the  borders  of  Tuscany,  between 
Mounts  Tiffi  and  Sarsina,  and  flows  E.  to  the  Adriatic, 
which  it  enters  9  miles  N.W.  of  Rimini.  Length,  20  miles. 
It  was  anciently  regarded  as  the  boundary  between  Italy 
proper  and  Cisalpine  Gaul.  It  is  celebrated  in  history  on 
account  of  Caesar's  passage  across  it  at  the  head  of  his 
army,  by  which  act  he  declared  war  against  the  republic. 

Ru'bicon,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  Rock  River  in 
Dodge  CO.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown. 

Rubicon,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  734. 

Rubicon,  a  post-village  in  Rubicon  township.  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad 
(Northern  division),  41  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Horicon  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  several 
stores,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Rubicon  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1868. 

Rubielos,  roo-Be-i'loce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
19  miles  S.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1863. 

Rubieszovv,  Russian  Poland.     See  Grubeschow. 

Rubinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Rybinsk. 

Rubrum  Mare,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Ru'by,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Ruby,  a  post-village  in  Clyde  township,  St.  Clair  oo., 
Mich.,  on  Black  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Mill  Creek,  11 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw- 
mill, a  church,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ruby  City,  a  post-office  of  Ouray  co..  Col. 

Ruby  Hill,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Eureka 
CO.,  Nev.,  2i  miles  from  Eureka  Station.  It  has  rich  silver- 
mines.     Pop.  about  700. 

Ruby  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Elko  oo.,  Nev.,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Elko.     Pop.  153. 

Riiekersdorf,  riik'k§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
circle  of  Buntzlau,  on  the  Rasnitzbach.     Pop.  1660. 

Riiekersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  43  miles 
N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober.     Pop.  1140. 

Ruck'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Athens. 

Ruckersville,  a  post-village  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss., 
about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  an  academy  and 
3  churches. 

Ruckersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ya.,  about 
16  miles  N.  of  Charlottesville. 

Ruck'erville,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  about 
32  miles  E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 


Rucks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in 
North  Whitehall  township,  1  mile  from  Seipel's  Station, 
and  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  coach-factory. 

Rndanli,  roo-d5w'lee,  a  town  of  India,  Bara  Bankee 
district.     Pop.  12,517. 

Rudbar,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Roodbar. 

Rudd,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Charles  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rud'dell's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  South  Licking  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Hinkston 
Creek,  and  near  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  about  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  2  distilleries, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  238. 

Ruddervoorde,  riid'd^r-voRMeh,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  7  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4320. 

Rudd's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  at  Rudd's 
Station,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has  a  large 
steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rudelstadt,  roo'd^l-stitt^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
24  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober.     Pop.  1250. 

Ruden,  roo'd^n,  a  small  island  of  Prussia,  in  the  Baltio 
36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stralsund.     See  also  RUthen. 

Riiderswyl,  rii'd^rs-^iP,  or  Riidersweil,  rli'd^rs- 
^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  13  miles  E.N-E.  of  Bern,  on 
the  Emmen.     Pop.  2611. 

Rildesheim,  rii'd^-hime\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  opposite  Bingen, 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  3455. 

Rudgeley,  or  Rugeley,  rQj'lee,  a  town  and  parish 
of  England,  oo.  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Trent, 
here  crossed  by  the  Trunk  Canal,  and  on  the  London  & 
Northwestern  Railway.  The  town  has  an  ancient  church, 
a  grammar-sohool,  almshouses  and  other  charities,  manu- 
factures of  felt  and  hats,  chemical  works,  iron-forges,  and 
collieries.     Pop.  (1891')  4181. 

Rudiano,  roo-de-&'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Chiari.     Pop.  1543. 

Rudig,  roo'diG,  or  Wruteck,  vroo'tik,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, S.S.W.  of  Saatz.     Pop.  1198. 

Rudisholz,  Switzerland.     See  Les  Bois. 

Rudkiobing,  Rudlg<ibing,rood'k'yo^bing,  or  Laf- 
vindskjiibing,  lif'vinds-k'yo'bing,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Langeland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Svendborg. 

Rudolfstadt,  roo'dolf-stitt\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4 
miles  from  Budweis.     Pop.  1171. 

Ru'dolph,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  58  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Rudolph,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wood  co..  Wis., 
in  Rudolph  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  of  the  township,  472. 

iiudolphswerth.    See  Neustadtl-Rudolphswertu. 

Rudolstadt,  roo'dol-8titt\  a  town  of  Germany,  capital 
of  Schwarzburg- Rudolstadt,  on  the  Saale,  18  miles  S.  of 
Weimar.  Pop.  7638.  It  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of  the 
prince,  a  library,  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  a  cathedral, 
a  picture-gallery,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  por- 
celain, pianos,  bells,  and  shoes. 

Rue,  rii,  a  river  of  France,  in  Cantal,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Dordogne  near  Bort.     Length,  25  miles. 

Rue,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the  Paris  &  Bou- 
logne Railway,  14  miles  N.W.  of  AbbeviUe.     Pop.  1361 

Ruecas,  roo-i'kls  or  rwi'kis,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Guadiana  near  Me- 
dellin.     Length,  40  miles. 

Rueda  de  Medina,  rwi'nl  d4  mi-neo'ni,  a  town  of 
Spain,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  3883. 

Rueglio,  roo-il'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Tu- 
rin, 7  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1803. 

Rueil,  rwil,  or  Ruel,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-el 
Oise,  at  the  foot  of  the  vine-clad  Mont-Val6rien,  near  th 
Seine,  5  miles  W.  of  Paris,  on  the  railway  to  Saint-Germain. 
It  has  a  starch-factory  and  a  distillery.  Pop.  7980.  Here 
is  Malmaison,  the  residence  of  the  Empress  Josephine. 

Ruelle,  rwSl,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  AngoulSme,  with  a  cannon-foundry.     Pop.  1733. 

Rufach,  roo'fiK  (Fr.  Bouffach,  rooffik'),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  9  miles  S.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  3467. 

Ruffano,  roof-fi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecoe, 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  3296. 

Ruff  and  Ready,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo..  Ark. 

Ruff  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Waynesburg,  and  about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  a  church. 


8- 

i 


KUF 


2319 


RUM 


mi 

m 


Raffec,  riif-fik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  on  the 

ilway  from  Tours  to  Bordeaux,  26  miles  N.  of  Angoul^me. 

op.  3165.     It  has  an  aotive  trade  in  agricultural  produce. 
Rufley,  riirfi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura,  arron- 
sement  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  131S. 
Kuliiac,  riiffe-lk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 

miles  S.S.E.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1763. 

Ruffign6,  riirfeen^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire- 
f^rieure,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chateaubriant.     Pop.  1191. 

Ruf'fin,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 

chmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Danville, 

a.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Ruff's  Dale^  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 

RafisquC)  rii^feesk'  (Port.  Bufisco),  a  maritime  town 
West  Africa,  10  miles  E.  of  Cape  Verd.     Pop.  5280.     It 

ilongs  to  France. 

Rug)  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Hogolen  Islands. 

Rug'by )  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  at  the  juno- 

lon  of  several  railways,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.   It  is 

ituated  on  an  eminence  S.  of  the  Avon,  and  has  an  ancient 
church,  also  a  celebrated  public  school,  founded  in  the  time 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  consisting  mostly  of  a  fine  quad- 
rangle with  cloisters  and  an  elegant  detached  chapel.  It  is 
distinguished  as  the  scene  of  the  educational  labors  of  the 
late  Dr.  Arnold.  The  town  has  little  trade  beyond  its  rail- 
way traflSo  and  the  supply  of  the  school.    P.  (1891)  11,262. 

Rugeley,  a  town  of  England.    See  Rudgeley. 

Riigen,  rii'gh^n,  an  island  in  the  Baltic,  belonging  to 
Prussia,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  strait  from 
i  mile  to  2  miles  broad.  Lat.  of  light-house  at  its  N.  ex- 
tremity, 53°  41'  12"  N.;  Ion.  13°  31'  27"  E.  Area,  361 
square  miles.  Pop.  45,699.  It  is  very  irregular  in  shape, 
and  indented  by  bays  and  creeks,  but  possesses  no  good 
harbor.  The  soil  is  of  remarkable  fertility,  and  grain  and 
cattle  are  exported  to  a  considerable  amount.  The  fisheries, 
also,  are  very  valuable.  In  early  times  Riigen  was  held 
eacred  to  the  goddess  Hertha.  During  the  Thirty  Years' 
War  the  Swedes  gained  possession  of  the  island,  and  re- 
tained it  till  1815.  Capital,  Bergen.  Among  its  antiqui- 
ties are  mounds  termed  the  Hunnergraber,  or  "  Tombs  of 
the  Huns." 

Riigenwalde,  rii'gh§n-\^ird§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coslin,  on  theWipper,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Baltic.  Pop.  5174.  It  has  a  castle,  2 
hospitals,  and  sea-bathing  establishments,  with  manufac- 
tures of  linen,  woollen,  and  sail-cloths,  distilleries,  and 
docks  for  building  coasting-vessels. 

Riiggisberg,  rug'ghis-b^Ra^,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  9  miles  S.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3002. 

RuggleS)  rug'g^lz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ruggles  township, 
Ashland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  4  miles  S.  of  New 
London,  and  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  758. 

Ruggles,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa. 

Rugles,  riig'l,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the  Rille, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1867. 

Ruhla,  roo'li,  a  village  of  Saxe-Weimar  and  Saxe-Co- 
burg,  on  the  Suhlbach,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eisenach.  Pop. 
4398.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cutlery,  pipes, 
gloves,  <feo. 

Ruhland)  roo'l&nt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Elster,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hoyerswerda.     Pop.  1660. 

Ruhme,  roo'm^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Prussian 
Saxony,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Leine  a  little  N.W. 
of  Nordheim.     Length,  30  miles. 

Ruhr,  or  Roer,  roon,  a  river  of  West  Oermany  and 
the  Netherlands,  joins  the  Meuse  on  the  right  at  Roermond. 
Total  course,  90  miles. 

Ruhr,  rooR,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  flows  W., 
and  joins  the  Rhine  at  Ruhrort,  15  miles  S.  of  Wesel. 
Length,  130  miles. 

Ruhrort,  rooR'oRt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles 
N.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  railway  to  Minden,  and  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Ruhr  with  the  Rhine.  Pop.  9051.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  machinery,  and  hardware, 

eam-ship  docks,  coal-mines,  and  a  transit  trade. 

Rnille-snr-Loire,  rwee^yi'-(or  rweePyi'-)  siiR-lwaR, 

Tillage  of  France,  department  of  Sarthe,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saint-Calais.     Pop.  1309. 

Ruinen,  roi'n^n,  or  Rnnen,  rii'n^n,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Drenthe,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2933. 

Ruinerwold,  roi'n^r-^olt^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen,  on  the  Wold- 
Aa.     Pop.  of  commune,  2009. 

Ruivftes,  roo-e-vi'^NS,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Traa- 
«8-Montes,  24  miles  from  Chaves.     Pop.  1225. 


Rale,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 
Rn'Io,  a  post- village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Nemaha,  about  90 
miles  below  Nebraska  City.  It  is  on  the  Atchison  &  Ne- 
braska Railroad,  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atchison,  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Falls  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  786. 

Rlilsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Rtlsk. 

Rum,  riim,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  in  Soot- 
land,  CO.  of  Argyle,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ardnamurchan 
Point.     Length,  8  miles ;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Ruma,  roo'm&,  a  town  of  Hungary,  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Belgrade.     Pop.  7779. 

Ru'ma,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  about  27 
miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  a 
mill,  and  2  or  3  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rumbarger,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    See  Dubois. 

Rum'barger's,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  White 
River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.  of  Gosport.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Rumbeke,  riim'ba^kQh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  16J  miles  S.  of  Bruges,  on  the  Mandel-Beko. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5479. 

Rumbowe,  or  Rambau,  rum'bSw,  an  inland  state 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  lat.  2°  49'  N.,  Ion.  102°  30'  E.,  en- 
closed by  Naning,  Johole,  and  Salangore.  Area,  400  square 
miles.     Estimated  pop.  10,000. 

Rumburg,  r5om'b55RG,  or  Rauneburg,  rSw'n^h- 
b65RG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  9090.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen, 
linen,  damask,  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  pipe-sticks. 

Rum  Cay,  an  island  of  the  Bahamas,  a  few  miles  S.W. 
of  Watling's  Island.     Pop.  654. 

Rume,  or  Rumes,  rilm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai~ 
naut,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2881. 

Rum'ford,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewistown. 
It  contains  Rumford  (or  Rumford  Corner),  Rumford  Centre, 
and  Rumford  Point.     Pop.  1212. 

Rumford,  or  Rumiord  Corner,  a  post-village  in 
Rumford  township,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin 
River,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church. 

Rumford,  a  village  of  East  Providence,  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  India  Point  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Providence 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  by  E.  of  its  terminal  station  in  Provi- 
dence. It  has  2  churches,  2  manufactories  of  chemicals, 
fertilizers,  &e.,  and  a  grammar-school.  Pop.  523.  Here  ia 
East  Providence  Post-Office. 

Rumford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumford  town- 
ship, Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  37 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  church  and  2  hotelB. 

Rumford  Falls,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Rumford  town- 
ship, about  45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  The  Androscog- 
gin River  here  falls  about  150  feet  in  several  plunges  over 
granite  ledges.     It  affords  immense  water-power. 

Rumford  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumford  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  near  the  Falls  of  the  Androscoggin,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Rumford  Centre.     It  has  a  church. 

Rumianca,  roo-me-in'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Novara,  near  Ornavasso,  on  the  Tosa.     Pop.  1319. 

Rum-Ili,  or  Rumelia.     See  Rouuelia. 

Rumilly,  rii^mee^yee'  or  rli^meeryee',  a  village  ol 
France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  S.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1930. 

Ruminghem,  rii^m&N»^ghdm',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  arrondissemont  of  Saint-Omer.     Pop.  1172. 

Rum-Kalah,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Roou-Kalah. 

Rum'ley,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     Pop.  1158. 

Rummaneh,  or  Rummon.    See  Riuhon. 

Rummelsburg,  rdSm'm^ls-bfifiRG^  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Pomerania,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coslin.  Pop.  4814.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics. 

Rum'merfield  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
&  New  York  Railroad,  at  Rummerfield  Station,  1  mile  S.E. 
of  Towanda.     It  has  a  plaster-mill. 

Rum'ney,  a  post-village  in  Rumney  township,  Graf- 
ton CO.,  N.H.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  Baker's  River,  i 
mile  from  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Plymouth,  and  69  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  bricks,  &o. 
The  township  has  several  tanneries,  and  a  pop.  of  1165. 

Rumney  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumney  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  Baker's  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  69  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Con- 
cord, and  i  mile  from  Rumney. 

Rumphtown,  rump'tdwn,  post-office,  Colleton  co.,  S.C. 

Rumpst,  rilmpst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 


RUM 


2320 


RUS 


12  miles  S.  of  Antwerp,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Dyle  with 
the  Rupel.     Pop.  2500. 

Rum  River,  Minnesota,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Mille  Laos, 
in  the  N.  part  of  Mille  Lacs  oo.,  runs  southward  to  Prince- 
ton and  eastward  to  Cambridge,  Isanti  co.  It  finally  runs 
southward  through  Anoka  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  at  Anoka.     Length,  aboat  150  miles 

Rumsey,  a  borough  of  England.     See  Romset. 

Rum'sey,  a  post- village  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  about  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a 
church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  216. 

RuU)  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Franklin 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Franklin. 

Run'corn)  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Chester,  near  the  head  of  the  Mersey  estuary,  here  crossed 
by  a  railway  bridge.  The  town  has  docks,  valuable  stone- 
quarries  in  the  vicinity,  and  considerable  trade  arising  from 
its  position  at  the  termini  of  the  Bridgewater,  Trent  & 
Mersey  and  Mersey  &  Irwell  Canals.  It  is  also  frequented 
for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  (1891)  20,050. 

Run'delPs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  about 

10  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Rund'lett,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles  N. 
of  "Wood  River  Station. 

Rnn'elsburg,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co..  Neb. 

Runen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ruines. 

Rung^poor',  or  Rangpur*  rung^poor',  a  district  of 
Bengal.  Lat.  25°  3'-26°  19.5'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  47'-89°  55.5' 
E.  Area,  3412  square  miles.  Capital,  Rungpoor.  Pop. 
2,149,972.  It  is  a  level  and  fertile  plain,  bounded  E.  by 
the  Brahmapootra. 

Rungpoor,  or  Rangpur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital 
of  Rungpoor  district.  Lat.  25°  45'  N.;  Ion.  89°  18'  E. 
It  consists  properly  of  four  nearly  contiguous  villages.  It 
has  a  dispensary,  a  jail,  and  a  public  library.    Pop.  14,845. 

Runkel,  riin'k^l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau, 
on  the  Lahn,  21  miles  N.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1135. 

Runkel's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  25i  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Wausau.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Runn,  a  remarkable  tract  of  India.     See  Cdtch. 

Run'nels,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  910  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Colorado  River,  drained  by  many  affluents  of  the  same, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6  Railroad. 
Capital,  Ballinger.     Pop.  in  1880,  980;  in  1890,  3193. 

Running  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co..  Col. 

Run'nymede,  a  beautiful  meadow  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  W,  of  the  town  of 
Egham,  and  memorable  as  the  place  where  the  barons,  in 
1215,  compelled  King  John  to  grant  Magna  Charta. 

Runovich,  roo'no-viK\  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  circle 
of  Spalato,  about  30  miles  from  Macarsca.     Pop.  1220. 

Rungpoor',  or  Ranpur,  rungpoor',  a  petty  state  of 
India,  in  Orissa.  Lat.  19°  52'  45"-20°  12'  N.;  Ion.  85° 
9'-85°  30'  E.  Area,  203  square  miles.  Pop.  21,306.  Its 
capital,  Runpoor  (lat.  20°  3'  55"  N.,  Ion.  85°  23'  26"  E.), 
has  a  good  tr&,de.  Pop.  3500.  A  large  part  of  the  state 
consists  of  uninhabited  mountains. 

Runpoor,  or  Ranpur,  riin^poor',  a  town  of  India, 
Ahmedabad  district.     Pop.  5796. 

Runs'wick,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  6i  miles  N.W.  of  Whitby,  on  the  North  Sea,  which 
here  forms  an  inlet  called  Runswick  Bay. 

Ruoti,  roo-o'tee,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 

11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3771. 

Ru^par',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  50  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Amballa.     Pop.  8700. 

Rupel,  rii'p^l,  a  river  of  Belgium,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Ndthe  and  Dyle  at  Rumpst,  joins  the  Scheldt  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Antwerp. 

Rupelmonae,  rii'pfirmftud'  or  rii^p^l-mftn'd^h,  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  opposite  the 
influx  of  the  Rupel,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2809. 

Ru'pert,  a  post-village  in  Montour  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  7i  miles  E.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  is  on  the  Catawissa  division  of  the  Philadelphia 
&  Reading  Railroad,  and  on  the  Lackawanna  <k  Blooms- 
burg  Railroad.  It  has  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  a  paint-mill, 
and  a  keg-factory. 

Rupert,  a  post- village  in  Rupert  township,  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  7i  miles 
N.E.  of  Salem,  N.Y.,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1017. 

Ru'pert  River,  a  river  of  Canada,  issues  from  the 


W.  extremity  of  Lake  Mistassini,  and,  after  a  W.  coursv 
of  about  300  miles,  falls  into  James's  Bay. 

Ruppersdorf,  r36p'p§rs-doRr,  or  Ruprechtsdorf, 
roo'prlKts-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Steine,  & 
miles  from  Braunau.     Pop.  1247. 

Ruppersdorf,  or  Ruprechtsdorf,  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, 24  miles  from  Gitschin.     Pop.  2140. 

Ruppersdorf,  Hohen,  ho'^n  rSop'pers-doRr,  a  town- 
of  Lower  Austria,  near  Gaunersdorf.     Pop.  1308. 

Ruppin,  Nen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Neu-Ruppin. 

Rupununy,  rup-oo-noo'nee,  written  also  Ruponuny, 
Riponuny,  or  Ripununy,  a  river  of  British  Guiana, 
and  the  principal  tributary  of  the  Essequibo,  which  it  joins 
about  200  miles  from  the  coast,  in  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  58°  12' 
W.,  after  a  N.  course  of  250  miles. 

Rura,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Ruhr. 

Ru'ral,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Rural,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Island  go.,  III. 

Rural,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  111.     Pop.  909. 

Rural,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township,  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Fort  Wayne 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Rural,  a  post-office  in  Rural  township,  Jefi"erson  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  (Williamstown 
Station),  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrence.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Kansas  River.     Pop.  824. 

Rural,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River, 
40  miles  above  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  119. 

Rural,  a  post- village  in  Dayton  township,  Waupaca 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  small  lake,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Waupaca,  and 
about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Rural  Bower,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  Va. 

Rural  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Rural  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
Blue  Rock  township,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Rural  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Rural  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y.^ 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Palatine  Bridge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rural  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  is  in  Bethany  township,  which  baa 
quarries  of  limestone. 

Rural  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  HI. 

Rural  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown. 

Rural  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Rural  ReHreat',  a  post-hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  HI.,  1(K  j 
miles  N.  of  Charleston.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Rural  Retreat,  a  post-village  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Wytheville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  aboufe^  ] 
40  families. 

Rural  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  aboat 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Rural  Shade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  2J 
miles  E.  of  Corsicana.     It  has  a  church. 

Rural  Yale,  a  post-office  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  12  milefj 
N.E.  of  Dalton. 

Rural  Yale,  a  post-office  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  abov 
60  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit. 

Rural  Yale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  1^ 
miles  from  Athens.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
cotton-gin. 

Rural  Yalley,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  13 
miles  E.  of  Kittanning,  and  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Pittf  j 
burg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  wagon-shops 
Pop.  about  300. 

Kuremonde,  Netherlands.    See  Roermond. 

Ruric  (or  Rurick,  roo'rik)  Isles,  a  group  in  tb 
Pacific  Ocean,  Palliser  Islands,  between  lat.  16°  10'  and  16* 
30'  S.,  Ion.  about  151°  E. 

Rus,  roos,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  N. 
of  Jaen,  with  remains  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  2460. 

Rusa,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Roosa, 

Rusagor'nis,   a  post-village   in   Sunbury   co.,    NewJ 
Brunswick,  on  the  Fredericton  Branch  Railway,  14  mile 
S.E.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Ruscomb  Manor,  township,  Berks  co.,  Pa.     P.  140Si3 

Rusera,  Bengal.     See  Rowserah. 

Rush,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  a  headland 
in  the  Irish  Sea,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dublin.     P.  1238^ 

Rush,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Indiana,  ha 
an  area  of  414  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  Blu< 
River  and   Flat  Rock  Creek,  which  run  southwestward,! 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  for* 


RUS 


2321 


RUS 


08ts  of  the  oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  <tc.  The  soil  is  uniformly 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  cattle,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  other  lines.  Capital, 
Rushville.     Pop.  in  1880,  19,238;  in  1890,  19,034.    ' 

Rush)  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Walnut 
Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is 
an  undulating  plain  nearly  destitute  of  timber.  Magnesian 
limestone  of  a  superior  quality,  fire-  and  potters-'clay,  and 
shellrock  limestone  are  found  here.  Capital,  La -Crosse. 
Pop.  in  1880,  5490 ;  in  1890,  5204. 

Rnah)  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  in  Rush  town- 
■hip,  22  miles  E.  of  Galena.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1036. 

Rash)  Carter  co„  Ky.     See  CIeigersville. 

Rash)  or  East  Rush,  a  post- village  in  Rush  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Honeoye  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  is 
Rush  Post-Office.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Genesee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad  and  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Central 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1699. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Champaign  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1789.  It 
eontains  Lewisburg. 

Rush)  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  638. 

Rush)  a  post-township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  about  34 

lies  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  977. 

Rush)  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1963. 

Rush)  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa,     Pop.  105. 

Rush)  a  township  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.     P.  1324. 

Rush)  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2291. 

Rush)  a  post-village  in  Rush  township,  Susquehanna 
).,  Pa.,  on  Wyalusing  Creek,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 
"le  township  has  6  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1418. 

Rash  Braach)  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ky. 

Rush  Centre)  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas,  on 

'alnut  Creek,  25  miles   N.N.W.  of   Lamed.     It  has   2 

torches. 

Rush  Citf)  a  post-village  in  Rusheba  township,  Chi- 
30.,  Minn.,  on  Rush  Lake,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
_  Itiluth  Railroad,  54  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  4  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  707. 

^Rush   Creek)  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  runs  southward,  and 
ters  the  Hocking  River  about  8  miles  below  Lancaster. 
Rush  Creek)  Ohio,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  runs  eastward 
in  Union  co.,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in  Marion  co. 

Rush  Creek)  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  1752. 
It  contains  Bremen. 

Rush  Creek)  a  township  of  Logan  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2044. 
It  contains  Rushsylvania. 

Rush  Creek)  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  0. 

Rush  Creek  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rush'eba)  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  706. 
It  contains  Rush  City. 

Rush'ford)  a  post-village  in  Rushford  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  about  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  7  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  2  ma- 
chine-shops, a  foundry,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  1240 ; 
of  the  township,  986. 

Rushford,  a  post-village  in  Rushford  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Belmont.  It  contains  4  churches,  several 
mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  643 ;  of 
the  township,  1516. 

Rushford)  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.     P.  2079. 

Rush  Four  CornerS)  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna 
00.,  Pa.,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Rosh'ing's  Store,apost-offioeof  Lauderdale  oo.,  Miss. 

Rash  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Winnebago  co.,  about  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Ripon.     It  is  nearly  5  miles  long. 

Rash  Lake)  a  post-office  of  Osceola  oo.,  Iowa. 

Rush  Lake,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  oo.,  Iowa.  P.  163. 

Rash  Lake,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  oo.,  Minn.,  on  a 
lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  264. 

Rush  LakO)  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Tooele 
CO.,  Utah. 

Rush  LakC)  a  station  in  Winnebago  oo.,  Wis.,  is  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Berlin,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Omro. 

Rush'morC)  a  post-village  in  Dewald  township,  Noblei 


CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Worthington.     It  has  3  stores,  an  elevator,  Ac. 

Rush  River)  Wisconsin,  rises  in  St.  Croix  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Pierce  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Pepin  at 
MaidSn  Rock.     Length,  35  miles. 

Rush  River)  a  post-office  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn. 

Rush  River,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.  P.  645. 

Rush  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River  and  the  Cleveland  Jk  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Steubenville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rush's,  a  station  in  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  A 
Union  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville. 

Rash^sylva'nia,  a  post-village  in  Rush  Creek  town- 
ship, Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati 
&  Indianapolis  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bellefontaine. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  2  banks,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  497. 

Rush  Tow'er,  a  post-hamlet  and  shipping-point  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  38  miles 
below  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Rush'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  7  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Rushtown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rush  township,  North- 
umberland CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Danville. 

Rush'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schuyler  co..  111., 
in  Rushville  township,  about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Beardstown, 
and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Buda  &  Rushville  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  228  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  a  woollen-factory,  and  other  factories.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  1539;  of  the  township,  3021. 

Rushville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Rushville  township,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  39  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Indianapolis,  84  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  18  miles 
W.  of  Connersville.  It  is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Cambridge  City  with  Columbus.  It  contains  a  fine  court- 
house, 4  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  graded  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  3475;  of  the  township,  5101. 

Rushville,  a  post-village  in  Rush  township,  Buchanan 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <k  Council  Bluffs, 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pa- 
cific Railroads,  16  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Atchison,  Kansas.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  341. 

Rushville)  a  post-village  of  Yates  and  Ontario  cos., 
N.Y.,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  contains  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  union  school,  a  steam  flouring- 
mill,  a  foundry  with  machine-shop,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  700.     The  post-office  is  in  Yates  co. 

Rushville)  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Rush  Creek,  which  separates 
it  from  West  Rushville,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  221. 

Rushville)  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Wyalusing  Creek,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

RushvillC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  Va.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Harrisonburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Rushville,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Ya. 

Rasia,  a  country  of  Europe.     See  Russia. 

Rusk,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  930  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Sabine  River,  and  drained  by  the  Angelina  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  hickory^  pine,  and  other  trees.  It  has  many 
thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  International  <fc 
Great  Northern  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  terminates  at 
Henderson,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,916;  in  1880, 
18,986;  in  1890,  18,559. 

Rusk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  oo.,  N.G.,  about  76  miles 
N.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rusk,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Tenn. 

Rusk,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Tez.,  26 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Palestine,  and  84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jef- 
ferson. It  has  a  court-house,  several  churches,  a  banking- 
house,  and  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  weekly  news- 
paper. It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  eastern  penitentiary  and 
the  state  smelting-works,  and  produces  lumber,  cotton, 
bricks,  and  hides.  The  Rusk  Railroad  extends  hence  to 
Jacksonville,  16  miles  distant.     Pop.  in  1890,  1383. 

Rusk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  the  West 
Wisconsin  Railroad,  4i  miles  E.  of  Menomonee  Station, 
and  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Menomonee. 


RUS 


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RUS 


Ruska  Poyana,  roos'kSh^  po^i'nSh^  the  highest 
Bummit  of  the  Carpathians,  in  the  S.E.  of  Hungary.  Lat. 
45°  40'  N.;  Ion,  22°  30'  E.     Height  9909  feet. 

Ruskoi,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.     See  Keshan. 
Rusra,  Bengal.    See  Eowserah.  • 

Rnss,  rooss,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Niemen  in  the  Curische-HaflF,  26  miles  N.W.  of 
Tilsit.     Pop.  2135. 

Russa-Staroi^a  town  of  Russia.  See Starai a-Roossa. 

Russdorf)  roSss'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxe-Altenburg, 
near  Altenburg.     Pop.  1931. 

Russelburgy  Pennsylvania.    See  Russellsburo. 

Russelheim,  roos's^l-hime^  or  Russelsheim, 
rSos's§ls-hime\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on  the  Main, 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2279. 

Rus'sell)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama,  bordering 
on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  670  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Cowikee,  Uchee,  and  Wetnmpka  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  which  connects  with 
Scale,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,636  ;  in  1880,  24,837  j 
in  1890,  24,093. 

Russell)  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  Fork  of  Kansas  River  and  by  Saline  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Paradise  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Kansas  division  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Russell.  Pop.  in  1870,  166;  in  1875, 
1062;  in  1880,  7351;  in  1890,  7333. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in  the  S. 
part  by  the  Cumberland  River.  The  Green  River  touches 
its  northern  extremity.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  com  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Jamestown.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6809;  in  1880,  7691;  in  1890,  8136. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  463  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  from  E. 
to  W.  by  Clinch  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains  and  fertile  valleys,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Iron  ore  and  marble  are  said  to  be  found  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,103;  in  1880, 
13,906;  in  1890,  16,126. 

Russell,  White  co.,  Ark.    See  Plants. 

Russell,  a  post-office  of  Costilla  co..  Col. 

Russell,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lake  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  47  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1181. 
It  contains  Russellville. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1246. 

Russell,  a  post- village  in  Washington  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  7i 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chariton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Russell,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas, 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Bunker  Hill,  and  77  miles  W.  of 
Saliiia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  graded  school,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1890,  961 ; 
of  the  township,  1159. 

Russell,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lex- 
ington <fc  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ashland. 

Russell,  a  post-village  in  Russell  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Westfield  River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Al- 
bany Railroad,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Northampton.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
paper-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  879. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Camden  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1141. 

Russell,  a  station  in  Howard  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Fayette. 
Here  is  a  coal-mine  which  employs  about  40  miners. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1658. 

Russell,  a  post- village  in  Russell  township,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Grass  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Canton. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  butter-tubs, 
and  cheese-boxes.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  township.  Pop. 
335;  of  the  township,  2417. 

Russell,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Geauga  co.,  C, 
on  the  Chagrin  River,  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  805- 


Russell,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Massillon,  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron. 
It  haa  a  spring-bed  factory,  a  church,  and  a  grist-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Amwell. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  660. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ontario.  Area, 
686  square  miles.  The  Ottawa  River  washes  its  N.  border. 
Capital,  L'OrignaL     Pop.  18,344. 

Russell,  or  Dunc'ansville,  or  Cas'tor,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Ottawa. 

Russell,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  Bay  of  Islands,  which  forms  an  excellent  harbor,  one 
of  the  most  capacious  in  the  world.  It  is  noted  as  a  port 
of  call  and  trans-shipment  for  whalers.  It  has  a  custom^ 
house,  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  mine  of  manganese. 

Russell  Cave,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky. 

Russell  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Russell  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Russell  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex. 

Russell  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  oo..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Russell  Place,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 

Rus'sellsburg,  or  Rus'selburg,  a  post-village  in 
Pine  Grove  township,  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Conewango 
Creek,  and  on  the  Dunkirk  &  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  several 
lumber-mills,  and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  400. 

Russell's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  2i 
miles  from  Bellevue.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Russell's  Creek,  Kentucky,  runs  westward  through 
Adair  co.,  and  enters  Green  River  in  Green  co.,  about  .S 
miles  below  Greensburg. 

Russell's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Ironton. 

Russell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  ou 
Mill  Creek,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Danville,  111.     It  has  a  inill. 

Russell's  Mills,  Lake  co.,  Mich.     See  Summitville. 

Russell's  Place,  a  post-village  in  Union  township, 
Lawrence  co.,  0.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Huntington,  W.  Va.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  large  flouring-mill. 

Russell's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co., 
0.,  on  the  Hillsborough  Branch  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  66  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinsati.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school. 

Rus'selltown,  a  post-village  in  Chateauguay  co., 
Quebec,  49  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

Rus'sellville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  2  churches  and  the  Frank- 
lin Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  920. 

Russellville,  a  post- village  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  is  near 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith 
Railroad,  74  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  4  churches,  and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  1321. 

Russellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  24 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Russellville, a  post-village  in  Russell  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash,  10  miles  N.  of  Vincennci" 
It  has  a  church  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  311. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  in  Russell  township.  Put 
nam  co.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Russellville,  a  post- village, capital  of  Logan  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Memphis  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 29  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
the  Logan  Female  College,  Bethel  College  (Baptist,  organ- 
ized in  1866),  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  carriage-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  tobacco-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1880,  2068  ;  in  1890,  2263. 

Russellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  about  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jefi"erson  City.  It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  68. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township. 
Brown  co.,  0.,  about  46  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  10 
miles  N.  by  E,  of  Ripley,  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  abouJ 
48  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and  3  miles  from  Elk- 
view  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn.,  o 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  48  mila 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  1  or  2  churches.  Marble  ' 
found  near  this  place. 

Russellville,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Russelsheim,  a  town  of  Germany,    See  Russelhkim 


f 

i 


RUS 


2323 


RUS 


Russia^  rfish'e-^  or  roo'she-^  (Russ.  Poooia,  Rossiya, 
roB-aee'yi,  or  Ruaaiya  (?) ;  Fr.  Bu»»ie,  riis^see' ;  Qer.  Rusa- 
land,  rSSs'lint ;  Sp.  Ruaia,  roo'se-A ;  It.  Ruaaia,  roos'se-i), 
formerly  called  Muscovy,  miis'ko-ve,  is  the  largest  state 
in  the  world,  comprising  the  whole  of  the  N.  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  between  lat.  38°  20'  and  78°  N.,  Ion.  17°  40'  and 
190°  E.  Surface  estimated  to  comprise  one-twenty-sixth 
of  the  superficies  of  the  globe,  one-seventh  of  its  land,  and 
more  than  double  the  extent  of  Europe,  the  total  area  being 
(as  shown  in  the  table)  8,352,940  square  miles ;  coast-line, 
25,000  miles.  It  is  but  thinly  peopled.  Pop.  (1870)  87,795,987. 
Capital,  St.  Petersburg.  It  is  usual  to  treat  of  the  empire  as 
divided  into  European  and  Asiatic  Russia,  although  these 
divisions  are  not  officially  recognized. 

European  Russia  extends  from  lat.  38°  20',  on  the  Caspian 
Sea,  to  Lapland,  in  70°  16'  N.,  and,  including  the  kingdom 
of  Poland,  from  Ion.  17°  40'  to  65°  E.  j  but  the  territories 
S.  of  the  Caucasus  Mountains  and  E.  of  the  Ural  Moun- 
tains belong  strictly  to  the  continent  of  Asia.  It  is  bounded 
E.  by  Siberia  and  the  Caspian  Sea,  S.  by  Persia,  the  Black 
Sea,  and  the  Ottoman  Empire,  W.  by  Austria,  Prussia,  the 
Baltic,  and  Sweden,  and  N.  by  Norway  and  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  and  is  divided  into  60  governments,  besides  the 
grand  duchy  of  Finland  and  the  Caucasus  lieutenancy. 
The  surface  of  Russia  in  Europe  may  be  considered  as  one 
vast  plain,  enclosed  by  the  Ural  Mountains  on  the  E.,  the 
Caucasus  on  the  S.,  and  partly  by  the  Carpathians  on  the 
W.  It  opens  to  the  Caspian  Sea  pn  the  S.JE.  and  the  level 
countries  of  North  Germany  on  the  "W.  Throughout  its 
vast  extent  it  does  not  contain  a  single  mountain ;  the 
highest  point  between  the  Baltic  and  the  Black  Sea,  near 
Kremenets,  is  1328  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  Baltic  prov- 
inces have  a  mean  elevation  of  1000  feet  above  the  sea. 
The  centre  of  the  country  is  occupied  by  a  dome-shaped 
elevation  traversed  by  the  Valdai  Hills,  the  average  height 
of  which  is  800  to  900  feet  and  the  summit  1100  feet  above 
the  sea ;  these  sink  rapidly  to  the  S.E.,  where  they  are  lost 
in  marshes.  Russia  is  traversed  by  the  largest  rivers  in 
Europe ;  these  form  the  great  N.  and  S.  basins,  the  water- 
parting  between  which  is  marked,  not  by  mountains,  but  by 
slightly-undulating  ground :  the  Baltic  receives  the  Tor- 
nei,  Kem,  Ulea,  Kumo,  Neva,  Narova,  Dlina,  Niemen,  and 
-Vistula  J  the  Arctic  Ocean  receives  the  Paswig,  Kola,  and 
Petchora  j  the  White  Sea  receives  the  Vig,  Onega,  Dwina, 
and  Mezen  ;  the  Black  Sea  receives  the  Danube,  Dniester, 
Dnieper,  Don,  and  Kooban;  the  Caspian  Sea  the  Ural, 
Volga,  Kooma,  and  Terek.  In  the  N.  of  Russia  there  are 
numerous  and  extensive  lakes  :  the  chief  are  Lake  Ladoga, 
the  largest  in  Europe;  Lake  Onega,  in  the  government  of 
Olonets ;  Lakes  Saima,  Payama,  and  Kolgis,  in  Finland ; 
Peipus,  between  the  governments  of  Revel,  Riga,  Pskov, 
and  St.  Petersburg ;  Ilmen,  in  the  government  of  Novgorod ; 
and  Enara,  in  Lapland.  The  smaller  lakes  Bielo-Ozero 
in  Novgorod  and  Koobinskoe  in  Vologda  are  important  for 
the  internal  navigation  of  the  empire.  The  most  valu- 
able of  the  salt  lakes  is  Elton,  in  Saratov.  Among  the  nu- 
merous islands  belonging  to  the  empire,  the  chief  are  the 
group  of  Nova  Zembla  ("  new  land"),  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
the  archipelago  of  Spitzbergen,  which  is  claimed  by  Russia, 
and  Kalguev  and  Vaigats  Islands.  Geological  phenomena, 
confirmed  by  history  and  tradition,  warrant  the  conclusion 
that  a  great  portion  of  Central  Russia  was  under  the  sea  at 
a  comparatively  recent  period.  The  soil  comprises  every 
variety,  much  of  which  is  unfit  for  cultivation.  The  vast 
region  of  the  tundraa,  extending  from  lat.  64°  N.  to  the  N. 
coast,  is  a  swamp  in  summer,  and  is  covered  with  ice  for 
nine  months  in  the  year ;  it  produces  chiefly  moss,  but  in 
some  places  grasses  grow  finely.  S.W.  of  this  the  country, 
for  a  space  of  150,000  square  miles,  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  larch,  and  birch.  The  Isthmus  of  Finland,  be- 
tween the  White  Sea  and  the  Gulfs  of  Finland  and  Bothnia, 
a  space  occupying  500  miles  in  length  and  400  in  breadth, 
is  covered  with  lakes  interspersed  with  rocks  and  sand-hills; 
while  in  the  S.E.  an  immense  desert,  called  a  ateppe,  ex- 
tends between  the  Ural  and  the  Volga,  estimated  to  contain 
330,000  square  miles ;  a  portion  of  it  affords  tolerable  pas- 
ture. E.  of  Ion.  45°  a  series  of  salt  lakes  occupy  a  hollow 
Bpaoe,  which  probably  once  formed  a  portion  of  the  Caspian 
Sea.  This  steppe  is  exposed  to  the  greatest  extremes  of 
temperature ;  in  winter  the  thermometer  is  generally  15° 
and  sometimes  35°  below  zero,  while  in  summer  the  heat 
is  upwards  of  100°  Fahr.  From  its  vast  extent,  Russia 
has  a  great  diversity  of  climate.  The  plains  of  the  N.,  ex- 
posed to  the  winds  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  are  much  colder  than 
the  other  countries  of  Europe  in  corresponding  latitudes. 
The  whole  of  the  N.  coast,  from  lat.  66°  on  the  White  Sea 
S.E.  to  lat-  62°  N.  and  Ion.  59°  E.,  has  a  temperature  below 


zero,  and  the  surface  is  constantly  frozen.  Between  this 
frozen  space  and  lat.  58°  N.  the  mean  temperatore  varies 
from  32°  to  40° ;  at  St.  Petersburg,  which  is  within  this 
space,  the  thermometer  in  December  and  January  sinks  to 
22°  below  zero,  while  in  summer  it  rises  to  85°  or  90°.  S. 
of  lat.  58°  the  mean  temperature  is  between  40°  and  55° ; 
the  winters  are  short  and  severe,  the  summers  long  and  hot. 
In  the  interior,  S.S.E.  and  S.  winds  prevail,  while  W.  and 
N.W.  winds  are  most  common  on  the  coasts.  Rain  is  most 
abundant  in  the  Baltic  provinces,  where  the  average  annual 
fall  is  15  to  20  inches.  The  amount  and  frequency  decrease 
in  proceeding  from  W.  to  E.,  and  during  the  long  summer  of 
the  S.  provinces  rain  very  seldom  falls.  Snow  falls  early 
in  winter ;  the  average  number  of  days  in  the  year  on 
which  snow  falls  at  St.  Petersburg  is  40.  Russia  produces 
all  the  plants  common  to  the  other  countries  of  Europe. 
Grain  is  raised  more  than  necessary  for  consumption,  and  is 
exported,  although  agriculture  is  in  its  rudest  state.  Rye 
is  the  chief  crop,  and  is  very  widely  grown  j  the  cultiva- 
tion of  barley  extends  to  lat.  67°  and  oats  to  62°  N. ; 
wheat  is  grown  chiefly  in  the  Ukraine.  The  countries  of 
Central  Russia,  in  the  upper  basin  of  the  Volga,  are  the 
most  fertile  in  the  empire ;  and  its  middle  portion,  compris> 
ing  the  governments  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Penza,  Kazan, 
and  Simbeersk,  is  called  the  granary  of  Russia.  Hemp  and 
flax  are  grown  chiefly  on  the  Upper  Volga ;  tobacco  is  cul- 
tivated principally  in  the  Ukraine ;  grapes  are  grown  in 
the  Crimea  and  on  the  lower  courses  of  the  Don  and  Volga. 
The  forests  yield  valuable  produce,  and  building-timber, 
tar,  pitch,  and  potash  are  widely  exported.  Black  cattle 
and  sheep  are  extensively  reared ;  tallow  and  hides  are  ex- 
ported in  great  quantities;  sheepskins  form  the  dress  of 
many  of  the  peasantry,  but  the  wool  is  of  inferior  quality. 
The  horses  of  the  S.  and  central  provinces  are  large;  in  the 
N.  they  are  small ;  those  of  the  Cossack  tribes  are  capable 
of  enduring  great  fatigue.  Camels  are  kept  in  large  herds 
by  the  nomadic  tribes  in  the  steppes,  and  dromedaries  in  the 
Crimea.  The  bison  is  found  near  the  sources  of  the  Narew ; 
the  reindeer  is  confined  to  the  region  N.  of  lat.  66°  N.;  the 
elk,  wild  swine,  deer,  and  hare  are  found  in  the  forests  of 
the  N. ;  and  the  fur-bearing  animals  are  actively  hunted. 
Wolves  and  bears  are  numerous.  In  addition  to  the  birds 
common  to  other  countries  of  Europe,  the  capercailzie  is 
found  in  the  N.,  and  the  pelican  in  tne  S.,  on  the  shores  of 
the  Black  and  Caspian  Seas ;  geese  and  ducks  abound  in 
the  lakes.  Fish  is  plentiful  in  the  rivers,  especially  in  the 
Volga  and  the  Ural,  and  in  the  White  Sea  and  the  Sea  of 
Azof.  In  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  shores  of  Nova  Zembla, 
the  whale  and  seal  are  fished.  The  E.  part  of  Russia  is 
rich  in  minerals ;  the  two  governments  of  Orenboorg  and 
Perm,  and  especially  the  latter,  have  numerous  mines  of 
gold,  platinum,  and  copper ;  silver  does  not  occur  in  Eu- 
ropean Russia ;  iron  abounds  in  the  S.  provinces.  In  the 
mining  districts  of  the  Ural  the  population  is  flourishing 
and  industrious  ;  the  utmost  activity  is  manifested ;  forests 
have  been  cleared,  marshes  drained,  and  the  gorges  of 
mountains  have  been  filled  with  artificial  lakes,  water  being 
the  chief  motive-power.  Salt  is  extensively  made  in  the 
governments  of  Perm  and  Viatka,  and  in  the  W.,  S.  of  Lake 
Ilmen.  Lignite  and  brown  coal  occur  in  the  Crimea  and 
on  the  W.  of  the  Ural  Mountains ;  the  coal-field  on  the 
Donets  is  estimated  at  100  miles  long  and  several  feet  deep. 
Coal-beds  of  immense  extent  were  discovered  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Moscow  in  1844.  Since  the  time  of  Peter  the 
Great,  the  progress  of  manufactures  has  been  most  rapid, 
and  the  improvement  of  their  products  has  been  commen- 
surate with  it.  The  staple  manufactures  are  woollens,  silks, 
linens,  cottons,  metal  wares,  soap,  and  candles;  besides 
which  there  are  manufactures  of  glass,  paper,  porcelain, 
arms,  jewelry,  and  morocco  leather.  Most  of  the  articles 
used  by  the  peasantry  are  made  in  the  villages,  one  of 
which  is  usually  devoted  to  a  single  branch  of  industry. 
In  the  kingdom  of  Poland  the  chief  manufactures  are  of 
woollens,  linens,  leather,  and  fur  goods.  The  commerce  of 
Russia  is  greatly  facilitated  by  its  numerous  navigable 
rivers  and  its  vast  and  excellent  system  of  canals,  by 
means  of  which  not  only  do  the  Baltic  and  the  White  Sea 
communicate  with  the  Caspian  and  the  Black  Sea,  but  the 
great  lakes  and  the  principal  rivers  are  united  into  a  com- 
plete system  of  inland  navigation.  The  length  of  completed 
railroads  in  Russia  in  1885  was  16,165  miles,  principally 
connecting  the  ports  of  the  Baltic  and  Moscow  with  the 
Black  Sea  and  adjoining  continental  states.  Moscow  is 
the  centre  of  internal  commerce;  and  the  chief  seaports 
are  St.  Petersburg,  with  Cronstadt  and  Riga  on  the  Baltic, 
Archangel  on  the  White  Sea,  Astrakhan  on  the  Caspian  Sea, 
and  Odessa  on  the  Black  Sea.     Exports  from  the  northern 


RUS 


2324 


RUS 


ports  comprise  flax,  timber,  hemp,  seeds,  tallow,  wool,  tar, 
bristles,  cable-yarn,  iron,  cotton,  isinglass,  bones,  linens, 
oil-cake,  silk,  &c. ;  imports,  cotton,  tea,  woollens,  iron,  ma- 
chinery, coals,  coffee,  cochineal,  lead,  hardwares,  soda,  tin, 
linens,  salt,  rice,  wine,  <fec.  Exports  from  the  southern 
ports  include  beef,  seeds,  grains,  tallow,  wool,  Ac. ;  the  im- 
ports, machinery,  tea,  coffee,  iron,  coals,  cottons,  sugar, 
agricultural  implements,  earthenware,  Ac.  The  govern- 
ment of  Russia  is  an  absolute  hereditary  monarchy.  All 
power  emanates  from  the  emperor,  or  czar,  who  is  the  head 
of  the  church  and  by  law  a  member  of  the  orthodox  Greek 
church.  All  rank  is  based  on  the  tenure  of  civil  or  military 
office.  The  nobility  are  a  privileged  class ;  they  have  great 
political  power,  and  possess  more  than  half  of  all  the  cul- 
tivated land  of  the  country,  but  they  have  suffered  a  heavy 
loss  by  the  recent  serf-emancipation.  The  established  re- 
ligion of  the  empire  is  the  Greco-Russian,  officially  styled 
the  Orthodox  Catholic  faith.  The  emperor  appoints  to 
every  office  in  the  church.  There  are  in  Russia  500  cathe- 
drals and  nearly  30,000  churches  of  the  establishment,  with 
70,000  secular  or  parochial  clergymen,  and  650  convents. 
The  total  number  of  the  clergy  of  all  orders  is  about 
256,000,  supported  mostly  by  their  own  flocks.  All  re- 
ligionists are  tolerated  except  the  Jews,  who  are  excluded 
from  Russia  proper.  There  are  upwards  of  4,000,000  Mo- 
hammedans in  Asiatic  Russia,  besides  Jews,  Shamanists, 
Booddhists,  and  many  sectaries.  The  nearest  estimate  gives 
to  the  orthodox  Greek  faith  54,000,000  ;  Roman  Catholics, 
7,000,000  (more  than  one-half  of  whom  are  in  the  Polish 
provinces) ;  Protestants,  over  4,000,000,  mostly  Lutherans, 
in  Finland  and  the  Baltic  provinces  ;  Jews,  2,345,000  ;  and 
about  900,000  Armenians.  Education  is  still  in  a  very 
backward  state,  although  great  efforts  have  been  made  to 
extend  it  of  late.  The  army  of  Russia  is  formed  of  the 
regular  troops  and  the  feudal  militia  of  the  Cossacks,  Ac. 
The  actual  strength  of  the  armed  force  is  not  known.  The 
Russian  navy  consists  of  two  great  divisions,  the  fleet  of 
the  Baltic  and  that  of  the  Black  Sea,  besides  a  few  steam- 
ers on  the  White,  Caspian,  and  Aral  Seas  and  in  the  Pa- 
cific. About  29  vessels  are  iron-clad.  On  March  3, 1861,  an 
imperial  decree  was  passed  declaring  the  emancipation  of 
the  serfs  throughout  the  empire.  This  went  into  full 
force  on  March  3, 1863,  and  the  owners  received  compensa- 
tion at  rates  varying  according  to  circumstances.  There 
were  22,000,000  serfs  belonging  to  private  owners,  besides 
22,226,000  crown  peasants,  men  and  women,  whose  eman- 
cipation was  accomplished  at  the  end  of  1863.  By  an  im- 
perial decree  of  the  same  year,  land  was  granted  to  the  freed 
serfs,  for  which  they  are  to  pay  rent  for  forty-nine  years, 
then  become  freehold  landholders.  A  great  part  of  the 
land  is  not  owned  by  individuals,  but  is  held  in  common  by 
the  mir,  or  people  of  the  commune  in  which  it  is  situated. 
The  more  important  political  subdivisions  are  the  govern- 
ments, replaced  in  the  newer  parts  of  the  empire  by  mili- 
tary districts  or  provinces.  These  are  arranged  in  the 
following  table  in  groups,  some  of  which  are  of  political 
significance,  such  as  Finland  (which  is  a  grand  duchy,  with 
its  own  government  and  laws),  and  Caucasus- (a  military 
lieutenancy,  with  a  distinct  administration).  In  other  cases 
ihe  group,  though  officially  named  (like  the  kingdom  of 
Poland),  has  hardly  more  than  a  nominal  existence ;  while 
ither  groups  are  conventionally  recognized,  but  have  no 
egal  status. 


GoYeiuments. 


k.  Russia  in  Europe  : 

Archangel 

Kalooga 

Koorsk 

Kostroma 

Moscow , 

Nizhnee-Novgorod . 

Novgorod 

Olonets. 

Orel 

Pskov , 

Biazan 

Smolensk 

Tambov 

Toola 

Tver 

Vladimeer 

Vologda 

Voi-onezh 

Tar>}Blav 


Great  Kussia 835,031     27,764,519 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


286,739 
11,927 
17,382 
30,812 
12,609 
18,636 
47,366 
59,567 
18,393 
17,318 
16,249 
21,638 
25,683 
11,956 
25,223 
18,86;i 

155,492 
25,438 
13,750 


Pop.  (1883). 


318,429 
,556,617 
,120,250 
,290,399 
,161,854 
,434,331 
,144,852 
327,043 
,918,34ii 
917,321 
,737,459 
,218,101 
519,656 
,360,000 
,646,683 
359,327 
172,253 
465,966 
095,636 


GoTomments. 

Area  in 
sq.  miles. 

Pop.  (1883). 

Chernigov „.... 

Kharkov 

20,232 
27,475 
19,682 
19,040 

1,996,248 
2,224,700 
2,492,112 
2,550,887 

Kiev 

Poltava _ 

Little  BuBsia 

86,429 

9,263,947 

Astrakhan 

86,340 
23,970 
47,031 
73,885 
14,768 
129,946 
60,198 
32,622 
19,109 
69,114 

790,880 
1  992  985 

Oofa 

l,'793',26e 
1,198,360 
1,402,867 
2,593,420 
•/,305,461 
2,134,872 
1,481,811 
2,774,138 

Orenboorg 

Penza 

Perm „ 

Samara „ 

Saratov 

Simbeersk 

Viatka. 

Eastern  Bnsaia 

646,983 

18,468,050 

Bessarabia ., » 

Cossacks  of  tne  Don 

18,297 
61,911 
27,475 
14,217 
24,538 
26,147 

1,369,075 
1,493,078 
1,902,169 

Kherson „ 

Sea  of  Azof. 

Tanrida 

940,527 

South  Russia 

172,585 

7,401,236 

Grodno 

14,961 
15,686 
34,716 
18,934 
16,568 
16,412 
17,439 
27,736 

1,256,883 
1,461,461 
1,691,767 
1,170,495 
2,302,489 
1,223,262 
1,201,224 
2,096,476 

Podolia 

Vilua 

Vitebsk 

Volhynia 

Western  Buasla. 

162,442 

12,304,056 

Courlaud 

10,535 

7,187 

•20,450 

20,759 

637,023 

376,337 

1,186,607 

1,618,614 

Esthonia „ 

Livonia 

St.  Petersburg 

Baltic  Provlncca. 

58,931 

3,818,586 

Buasla  Proper 

1,862,401 

78,590,594 

Kallsz 

4,391 
3,623 
4,666 
11,975 
4,729 
4,200 
4,768 
5,536 
4,846 
6,622 

774,759 
643,629 
659  316 

Kielce 

Lomza 

Lublin 

Petrlkau » 

Plock „ 

Radom » 

Siedlec 

882'616 
866,777 
538,141 
644,827 
630  238 

Suvalkl 

603  174 

Warsaw „ 

940,998 

Poland ., 

64,356 

7,083,476 

Abo-Bjomeborg „ 

Kuopio , 

9,295 

16,498 

4,584 

8,818 

8,333 

63,954 

16,078 

16,623 

363,234 
270,948 
215,100 
171,836 
234,198 
223,429 
379,787 
317,889 

Nyland 

St.  Michael 

TavastehuuB 

TJIe&borg „ 

Vasa 

Viborg 

Finland 

144,183 

2,176,421 

B.  Caucasus: 
Kooban 

37,168 
27,020 
23,267 

1,107,922 
637,893 
615,660 

Stavropol „ 

Terek 

Cis-Caucasia. 

87,455 

2,361,475 

. 

Bakoo 

15,092 
2,741 
11,521 
10,670 
5,670 
8,012 
1,620 
3,331 

669,992 

Chernomorsk ; 

25,983 

629,271 

Erivau 

583,957 

Kars 

162,979 

Kootais 

863,196 

Sakatal 

75,000 

Sookhoom 

64,189 

I 


BUS 


2326 


KUT 


GoTenuaenta. 


TnmscaacMia — OoiUhmed. 

TifliB _ 

TelisavetpoL ~ 

Transcaacasia^ 

Caucasus ~.... 

assia  in  Asia : 

aoor ~... 

tootsk 

imorsk 

obolsk 

Omsk 

insbaikalia 

Ti^ootsk 

^TeiiiseiBk 

Siberia 

kmollinsk 

^moo-Darya 

"erghana 

'^KooMja 

Ooralsk 

Semipalatinsk > 

Semiretchinsk , 

Syr-Darya  

Toorgai 

Transcaspian  Territories-... 
Zerafsban 

Central  ABia 

Russia  in  Europe 

Caucasus 

Russia  in  Asia 

Total 


Area  In 
aq.  mile*. 

Pop.  (1883). 

16,613 

726,686 

17,114 

636,316 

91,384 

4,173,378 

178,839 

6,634,863 

173,652 

40,533 

309,177 

398,873 

731,910 

74,000 

631,959 

1,283,168 

329,024 

1,134,748 

240,770 

497,760 

1,617,063 

243,443 

992,832 

421,010 

4,826,287 

4,093,535 

210,656 

463,347 

39,974 

222,200 

27,936 

808,000 

27,389 

123,840 

526,332 

188,291 

538,385 

165,290 

685,945 

165,996 

1,109,542 

202,183 

326,706 

126,795 

206,000 

19,625 

361,897 

1,286,874 

6,237,354 

2,060,940 

87,850,490 

178,839 

6,634,853 

6,113,161 

9,330.889 

8,362,940 

103,716,232 

Russia  in  Asia  embraces  Siberia,  or  the  whole  of  North 
Asia  E.  of  the  principal  crest  of  the  Ural  Mountains  and 
N.  of  the  chain  of  the  Altai  Mountains  and  the  river  Amoor, 
the  coast  regions  S.  of  that  river,  the  Kirgheez  Steppes,  and 
the  recently-acquired  territories  in  Toorkistan,  comprised 
between  lat.  40°  30'  and  78°  N.,  Ion.  50°  and  190°  E.  The 
dominant  people  of  Russia  are  of  the  Slavic  race,  to  which 
also  belong  the  Ruthenians  and  Poles  of  the  S.W.  In  the 
N.  there  are  found  Finns,  Samoieds,  Karelians,  Vods,  Es- 
thonians,  and  other  Finnic  tribes,  not  of  the  proper  Indo- 
European  stock.  The  Tartar  element  is  strong  in  the 
Lower  Volga  region,  in  the  Crimea,  and  in  Asiatic  Russia. 
Other  remarkable  peoples  are  the  Letts,  Cures,  Samogitians, 
&o.,  of  the  southern  Baltic  region ;  the  numerous  tribes  of 
the  Caucasus  and  of  Siberia;  the  Armenians,  Georgians, 
and  Oypsies.  Of  the  many  languages  of  Russia,  the  Rus- 
sian proper  is  the  only  one  which  has  received  much  recent 
literary  cultivation, — the  policy  of  the  government  being  to 
repress  the  use  of  most  of  the  other  more  cultivated  tongues, 
like  the  Polish,  Georgian,  and  Malo-Russian  ;  but  unculti- 
vated languages,  such  as  the  Oozbek  and  Bashkeer,  are 
recognized,  and  their  study  is  encouraged,  for  the  purpose 
of  spreading  civilization.  The  foundation  of  the  Russian 
empire  was  laid  at  Novgorod  about  862  by  the  Rus,  or 
Varangians,  a  body  of  Scandinavians  led  by  Ruriok,  whose 
descendants,  in  spite  of  continual  civil  wars  and  Tartar 
invasions,  for  700  years  occupied  the  throne.  In  the  twelfth, 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  centuries,  Russia  was  tributary 
to  the  Mongols,  who  greatly  oppressed  the  nation.  Ivan 
III.,  or  the  Great  (1462-1503),  and  Ivan  IV.,  the  Terrible 
(1538-84^,  consolidated,  extended,  and  greatly  strengthened 
the  country.  Peter  the  Great  (1672-1725)  was  the  most 
distinguished  and  in  some  respects  by  far  the  ablest  ruler 
Russia  ever  had.  Important  events  of  more  recent  times 
were  the  dismemberments  of  Poland  (1772,  '93,  and  '95), 
of  which  the  greater  part  became  Russian ;  the  wars  of 
Napoleon  and  the  burning  of  Moscow  (1812);  the  Crimean 
war  (1853-55);  the  vast  increase  in  area,  by  war  and 
treaty,  of  the  Asiatic  provinces  (1858-73);  the  abolition 
of  serfdom  (1861) ;  the  sale  of  Alaska  to  the  United  States 
(1867);  the  successful  Turkish  war  of  1877-78;  and  the 

Nihilist  troubles  of  1879. Adj.   Russian,    rfish'un   or 

roo'shun  (Russ.  RnsKOi,  roos'koi;  feminine,  Ruskaya,  roos- 
ki'i;  Fr.  RussE,  riiss;  Ger.  Russiscb,  rSSs'sish);  inhab. 
Russian,  and  Russ  (poetical)  (Russ.  Rossiyanin,  ros-see'- 


Russia,  riish'e-^  or  Russia  Corners,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Russia  township,  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  E.  of 
Trenton,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  ha«  1  or  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township 
is  bounded  W.  by  West  Canada  Creek,  and  contains  villages 
named  Poland  and  Cold  Brook.     Pop.  of  township,  2055. 

Russia,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.  Pop.  4207.  It 
contains  Oberlin. 

Russia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Sidney.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Russian  (rQsh'im)  River,  California,  rises  in  the 
Coast  Range,  in  Mendocino  co.,  and  runs  southward  to  the 
middle  of  Sonoma  co.  It  finally  runs  westward,  and  enters 
the  Pacific  Ocean  about  30  miles  W.  of  Santa  Rosa.  It  if 
nearly  125  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  fertile  country. 

Russian  River,  a  station  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast 
Railroad,  76  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Russiaville,  riish'e-a-vil,  a  post-village  of  Howard 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Honey  Creek  township,  on  the  Frankfort  & 
Kokomo  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Kokomo.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  2  planing-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  603. 

Russikon,  roos'89-k9n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
ana  5  miles  S.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1767. 

Russland,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Russia. 

Russniaks.    See  Ruthenians. 

Russweil,  roos'Ml,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  4219. 

Rust,  r66st,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  the  Rhine,  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  OfiFenburg.     Pop.  1735. 

Rust,  or  Rusth,  roosht,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Oedenburg,  on  Lake  Neusiedl.     Pop.  1300. 

Rust'bnrg,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  is  at 
Campbell  Couet-House. 

Rustchuk,  or  Rusczuk,  Bulgaria.    See  Roostchook. 

Rust'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Morlej .     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rus'tic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  at  Drakes- 
ville  Station  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  li  miles  from  Drakesville. 

Rus'tico,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  Rustico  Bay,  16  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It 
is  a  summer  resort,  and  one  of  the  chief  fishing-stations  on 
the  island,  but  its  harbor  is  shallow  and  unsafe.  It  con- 
tains a  bank,  grist-  and  carding-uiills,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Rus'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  parish,  La., 
107  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Rute,  roo'ti  (anc.  Arialdunum  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Cordova,  in  a  fine  valley,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lucena. 
Pop.  6345.  Agriculture  and  the  manufacture  of  linens, 
coarse  cloths,  and  sackcloths  are  carried  on,  and  there  are 
many  flour-mills,  oil-mills,  and  stills  for  brandy. 

Ru'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  oo.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Ledbetter  Station,  and  about  64  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  college  (Lutheran). 

Rutgers  College,  New  Jersey.    See  New  Brunswick. 

Ruth,  rooth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Riithen,  rii't^n,  or  Ruden,  roo'd^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arnsberg.     P.  1700. 

Ruthe'uians,  or  Russ'niaks  (also  called  Red 
Russians),  a  Slavic  people  of  Poland,  Hungary,  Buko- 
wina,  and  Galicia,  speaking  a  language  of  their  own,  es- 
sentially identical  with  that  of  the  Malo-Russians,  or 
"  Little  Russians,"  in  the  southwestern  governments  of 
Russia  proper.  Their  language  has  received  some  literary 
culture,  and  there  is  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church  a  special 
Ruthenian  rite.  The  Ruthenians  have  a  strong  national 
or  party  feeling,  and  in  Galicia  are  very  jealous  of  Polish 
influence. 

Rutherford,  rfiTH'^r-fprd,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about 
498  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Broad  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  chestnut,  and  hic'kory  are 
found.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  In  this  county,  near  the 
Blue  Ridge,  is  a  remarkable  natural  curiosity,  called  Chim- 
ney Rock.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Carolina  Cen- 
tral and  Charleston,  Cincinnati  &,  Chicago  Railroads,  both 
of  which  connect  with  Rutherfordton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,121;  in  1880,  16,198;  in  1890,  18,770. 

Rutherford,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Stone 
River  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 


RUT 


2326 


RUT 


forests  of  good  timber,  including  ash,  beech,  cedar,  hickory, 
elm,  coffee-tree,  oak,  and  walnut.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Blue  limestone  (Silurian)  underlies  a  large  part 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Nashville, 
Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Murfrees- 
borough.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,289 ;  in  1880,  36,741 ;  in  1890, 
35,097. 

Rutherford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad,  54  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Rutherford,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1030. 

Rutherford,  apost-village  in  Union  township,  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  the  Passaic  River,  on  the  Brie  Railroad  and 
the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jersey 
City,  and  7  miles  S.S.B.  of  Paterson.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Rutherford,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  4^  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Rutherford,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Thamesville.     Pop.  100. 

Rutherford  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Obion  River,  and  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  39i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Rutherfordton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rutherford 
CO.,  N.C.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  78  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  harness.  Pop.  479;  of  the 
township,  1097. 

Rutherglen,  rug'l^n,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lan- 
ark, on  the  Clyde,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow,  and  on  a  rail- 
way. Pop.  9456.  It  is  very  ancient,  Glasgow  having  been 
included  within  its  municipal  boundaries  in  the  twelfth 
century.  Its  trade  on  the  river  has  been  absorbed  by  Glas- 
gow, and  the  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  weaving 
muslins,  in  coal-mines,  and  in  print-  and  dye-works.  The 
burgh  unites  in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament. 

Ruth'er  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad',  29 
miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  stores  and  3  residences. 

Ruthin,  Rhuthyn,  or  Rhuddin,  roo'THin  (Welsh 
pron.  h'rixH'in,  the  "  red  fortress"),  a  borough  of  Wales,  on 
the  Clwyd,  co.  and  7  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Denbigh.  Pop. 
3716.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  formerly  collegiate,  a 
grammar-school,  a  hospital,  a  county  hall  and  jail,  a  town 
hall,  a  race-course,  and  a  beautiful  castle.  It  unites  with 
Denbigh,  Holt,  and  Wrexham  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Ruth'ven,  a  post-village  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
fine  lake,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  E.  of  Spencer. 

Ruth'ven,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Leamington.     Pop.  160. 

Ruth'well,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Dumfries,  on  the  Glasgow  &  Carlisle  Railway,  9i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dumfries.     Pop.  972. 

Rfiti,  or  Riithy,  rii'tee,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1402. 

Rtiti,  or  Riithy,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2122. 

Rutigliano,  roo-teel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Conversano.     Pop.  7042. 

Rut'lam,  a  town  of  India,  in  Gwalior,  48  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Oojein.     Lat.  23°  19'  N.;  Ion.  75°  5'  E. 

Rut'land,  or  Rutlandshire,  rut'Iand-shir,  the  small- 
est county  of  England,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  river 
Welland.  Area,  148  square  miles.  Pop.  22,073.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  finely  diversified  with  parks.  The 
chief  towns  are  Oakham  and  Uppingham.  It  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Rut'land,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Vermont,  border- 
ing on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  903  square  miles. 
It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is 
drained  by  Otter  Creek  and  Castleton,  Pawlet,  Tinmouth, 
and  Poultney  Rivers.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified 
with  mountains,  verdant  hills,  small  lakes,  and  fertile  val- 
leys. Among  its  prominent  features  is  Killington  Peak, 
4221  feet  high.  Forests  of  sugar-maple,  oak,  pine,  beech, 
elm,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  The 
soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay,  but- 
ter, cheese,  wool,  potatoes,  oats,  lumber,  and  maple  sugar 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  many  quarries 
of  fine  marble  and  slate.  Trenton  limestone  also  crops 
out  in  it.  Ruthind  is  the  most  populous  county  in  the 
state.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
the  Bennington  &  Rutland  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson   Canal   Railroad,  which   centre  at   Rutland,   the 


capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,651 ;  in  1880,  41,829 ;  in  1890, 
45,397. 

Rutland,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  La  Salle.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
tiles,  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  509. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River, 
about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Dakota.    It  has  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  266. 

Rutland,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  75. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Kansas,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Independence.     Pop.  797. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Rutland,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Patuxent  River,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Rutland,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester,  and  60 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  baskets,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  980. 

Rutland,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1092. 

Rutland,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  'Minn.,  10 
miles  from  Winnebago  City.     Pop.  132. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  E.  of  Watertown.  The  township  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  Black  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1849. 

Rutland,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  about  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Pomeroy,  and  20  miles 
N.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  nursery,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  about  200  ;  of  the  township,  2471. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1167. 

Rutland,  a  flourishing  town,  the  capital  of  Rutland 
CO.,  Vt.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Otter  Creek,  in  a  township 
of  its  own  name,  68  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  about  55  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montpelier,  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Whitehall,  and 
6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Killington  Peak,  one  of  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It  is  on  the  Rutland  divi- 
sion of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.  Rutland 
is  the  second  town  of  the  state  in  population.  It  contains 
a  handsome  court-house,  a  town  hall,  3  first-class  hotels,  6 
churches,  the  Rutland  High  School,  a  military  school,  3 
national  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $1,000,000, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  also  3  foundries,  with  machine-shops, 
and  manufactories  of  marble  monuments.  Large  quantities 
of  fine  white  marble  are  quarried  in  this  township,  at  West 
Rutland.  Marble,  wool,  butter,  cheese,  and  slate  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.    Pop,  in  1890, 8230 ;  of  township,  11,760. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Dane  co.. 
Wis.,  3  miles  from  Brooklyn  Station,  about  14  miles  S.  of 
Madison,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1057. 

Rlitland  Island,  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  is  Imme- 
diately E.  of  North  Arran. 

Rutland  Island,  East  Indies,  an  island  in  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  S.  of  Great  Andaman  Island. 

Rutlandshire,  England.    See  Rutland. 

Rutledge,  riit'lij,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crenshaw 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Patsaliga  River,  about  48 
miles  S.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  and  3  churches. 

Rutledge,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  69  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  235. 

Rutledge,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.     Pop.  664. 

Rutledge,  a  village  in  Conewango  township,  Cattarau- 
gus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Conewango  Creek,  li  miles  from  Cone- 
wango Station  of  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  and 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  3  stores.     Here  is  Conewango  Post-Office. 

Rutledge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
is  near  the  base  of  Clinch  Mountain,  about  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Knoxville,  and  4  or  6  miles  N.W.  of  the  Holston  River. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  107. 

Rut^nagher'ry,  or  Ratnageri,  rut^na-ghSr'ree,  a 
district  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  Concan  division,  on 
the  W.  coast.  Lat.  15°  44'-18°  6'  N.;  Ion.  73°  6'-73°  58' 
E.  Area,  3789  square  miles.  Capital,  Rutnagherry.  Pop. 
1,019,136. 

Rutnagherry,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Rutnagherry 
district,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  140  miles  S.  of  Bombay. 
Pop.  10,614. 

RutHunpoor',  or  Ratanpur,  rtit'iin-poor',  a  town 


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m 


of  India,  Belaspoor  district.  Lat.  22°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  25' 
E.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  its  vicinity  abounds 
*n  interesting  ruins.     Pop.  5111. 

RnvOy  roo'ro,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  province  and  21 
miles  W.  of  Bari.  Pop.  15,055.  It  has  a  oathedral  and  a 
diocesan  seminary. 

Ruvo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Melfi.     Pop.  2762. 

Ray  en,  roi'^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
20  miles  S.S.W,  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop,  2400. 

Ruysbroeck)  rois'brSSk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Antwerp,  3J  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1730. 

Ruysselede^  rois'sfil-liM^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 6968. 

Ruzafa,  roo-th&'f&,  a  village  of  Spain,  a  suburb  of 
Valencia.     Pop.  2470. 

Ryacotta,  ri-&-kot't&,  a  town  and  hill-fortress  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Salem.     Lat.  12°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  6'  E. 

Ryado,  ree-&'do,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  oo.,  New  Mex. 

Ry'an,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

Ryan,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  600. 

Ryan,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  836. 
'    yan,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Ke- 
waunee River,  22  miles  E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Ryan  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cullman  co,,  Ala. 

Ryan,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Rtan. 

Rybinsk,  rib-insk',  written  also  Rubinsk,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Volga.  It  is  a  great  centre  of  the  inter- 
nal commerce  of  the  empire.  It  has  a  fine  exchange,  2 
cathedrals,  many  other  churches,  a  large  conventual  build- 
ing, an  arsenal,  the  courts  of  justice,  extensive  bazaars, 
fine  residences,  a  theatre,  orphan  and  other  asylums,  hos- 
pitals, almshouses,  a  house  of  correction,  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, salt-works,  oil-  and  other  mills,  soap-  and  candle- 
factories,  potteries,  Ac.     Pop.  15,047. 

Rybnik,  rib'nik,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  50  miles 
S.S.E,  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Ruda.      Pop.  3936. 

Ryckman's  (rik'm^nz)  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Hamilton.    Pop.  150. 

Ry'dal,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  on 
the  Leven,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Ambleside.  It  was  the  resi- 
dence of  the  poet  Wordsworth. 

Ryde,  rid,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ports- 
mouth. It  has  a  handsome  main  street,  several  fine  mod- 
ern terraces  and  numerous  elegant  detached  residences,  a 
highly  ornamented  modern  Gothic  church,  a  theatre,  a 
museum,  an  art  academy,  assembly-rooms,  and  a  wooden 
pier  extending  into  the  sea,  at  which  steamers  land  pas- 
sengers at  all  states  of  the  tide.  It  is  connected  by  rail- 
way with  Ventnor.     Pop.  (1891)  10,952. 

Ry'der's,  a  station  in  Franklin  oo.,  Pa,,  on  the  South- 
ern Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Mercersburg. 

Ry^droog',  or  Raidrng,  riMroog',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  31  miles  S,  of  Bellary.     Pop.  7734. 

Rydzyna,  the  Polish  name  of  Reisen. 

Rye,  ri,  a  borough  and  cinque  port  of  England,  oo.  of 
Sussex,  on  the  Rother,  about  2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
English  Channel,  10  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Hastings,  and 
62i  miles  E,S,E,  of  London.  Pop.  3871.  It  has  remains 
of  its  ancient  walls  and  gates,  a  large  cruciform  church, 
grammar-school,  town  hall  and  market-house,  a  castle  built 
in  the  twelfth  century,  a  public  library,  and  a  small  theatre. 
The  town  stood  anciently  on  the  sea.  The  present  harbor 
admits  vessels  of  200  tons.  The  exports  are  wool,  corn, 
timber,  bark,  and  hops.  Imports,  coal  and  manufactured 
goods.  The  borough,  including  Winchelsea,  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Rye,  ri,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H,,  in  Rye 
township,  4  or  5  miles  S,  of  Portsmouth,  2  miles  from  Green- 
land Station,  and  about  1  mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  town  hall.  The  township  borders  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  contains  Rye  Beaon,  a  fashionable 
watering-place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  978. 

Rye,  a  post-village  in  Rye  township,  Westchester  co., 
N.Y,,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New 
Haven  Railroad,  24  miles  N,E.  of  New  York,  and  2  miles 
S.W,  of  Port  Chester,  It  contains  3  churches  and  the  Rye 
Female  Seminary.  Rye  Beach,  a  summer  resort,  is  in  this 
township,  which  has  quarries  of  granite.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship (which  comprises  Port  Chester),  in  1890,  9477. 

Rye,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  703. 

Rye  Beach,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H,,  in 
Rye  township,  on  the  ocean,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Portsmouth. 


k 


It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  a  fashionable  bathing-place, 
with  large  and  superior  hotels.  At  Rye  Beaoh  the  direct 
telegraph  cable  from  Great  Britain  comes  to  land. 

Rye  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co,,  Va.,  37  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Ryegate,  a  borough  of  England.     See  Reioatb. 

Ryegate,  ri'gate,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ryegate  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  6i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wells  River.  It  hat 
2  churches  and  a  granite-quarry.  The  township  is  on  the 
Connecticut  River  and  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  South 
Ryegate  Station  on  the'Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Rail- 
road is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  935, 

Ryegate,  a  station  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.  of  Wells  River,  Vt. 

Ryegate,  ri'gate,  or  Tecum'seh,  a  post-village  in 
Essex  CO,,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  8  miles 
from  Windsor.     Pop.  200. 

Ryeghur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ryghur. 

Rye  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co,,  Nev,,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  118  miles  N,E.  of  Reno, 

Ryepoor,  a  state  of  India.    See  Raipoor. 

Ry'ersou's  Sta'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  cu.. 
Pa.,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Rye  Valley,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Baker 
CO.,  Oregon.     Gold  and  silver  are  found  here. 

Rye  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Ryeghur',  or  Rye^ghur',  called  also  Raigarh- 
Bargarh,  rrgiir'-biir^giir',  a  native  state  of  the  Central 
Provinces,  India,  whose  capital,  Ryghur,  is  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Sumbulpoor.     Area,  1486  square  miles.     Pop,  63,304. 

Ry'land,  a  station  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Rylaud  Depot,  a  hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  Va,,  on 
the  Gaston  Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  S,W.  of  Hicksford, 

Rylsk,  or  Rilsk,  rllsk,  written  also  Riilsk,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Koorsk,  on 
the  Seim.    Pop,  9445.     It  has  numerous  churches. 

Rylstone,  rll'stpn,  or  Al'lan's  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  34  miles  from  Belleville. 

Rymanov,  or  Rymanow,  rI-m&-nov',  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  15  miles  W.  of  Sanok.    Pop.  2829. 

Rymenham,  rl'm^n-h&m^  or  Rymenam,  (?)  a  vi< 
lage  of  Belgium,  province  of  Antwerp,  5  miles  E.S.E,  of 
Mechlin,     Pop,  2100. 

Rynach,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Reinach. 

Rynd  Farm,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Oil 
City,     Oil  is  found  here. 

Ry'near,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cain 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomipgton  <fc  Westerii 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Ry'nex's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schenectady  oo., 
N.Y.,  8  miles  W,  of  Schenectady.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Ryp,  or  RUP)  rip,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  13  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  2021. 

Rypin,  rl'pin,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  39  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Plock,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Drewenz,  Pop. 
3417.     It  has  comb-,  leather-,  and  woollen-cloth-factories. 

Ry8bergen,or  R^jsbergen,  rls'b^Ro^^n,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  1567. 

Ryssel,  a  city  of  France.    See  Lille. 

Ryssen,  or  Ryssen,  rls's^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  23  miles  S.E,  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  3611. 

Ryswick,  Ryswyk,  or  R^sw^jk,  riz'wik  (Dutob 
pron.  rlce'^Ik),  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  2  miles  S.E,  of  the  Hague,  Pop.  2903.  It  gives 
name  to  the  famous  "  Peace  of  Ryswick,"  concluded  Sep- 
tember 20,  1697. 

Rytcha,  ritch'i,  one  of  the  eastern  branches  which  the 
Volga  throws  oflF  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  before 
reaching  the  Caspian.  It  commences  about  24  miles  N. 
of  Astrakhan,  and  has  a  length  of  about  40  miles, 

Rzeczyca,  the  Polish  name  of  Retchitsa, 

Rzeszow,  zhfish'ov,  or  Reszow,  rfis'sov,  a  town  ot 
Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Wislok,  43  miles  E.  of  Tarnow. 
Pop.  9142.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  castle, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  fine  jewelry. 

Rzhev,  Bjhev,  R'zhfiv,  or  Rshev,  also  called 
Rschew- Wladimirow,  R'8hev-vl&-dee-meo'rov,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  74  miles  S.W,  of  Tver,  on  the 
navigable  Volga,  which  divides  it  into  two  parts.  Pop. 
26,482.  It  has  numerous  churches,  salt-  and  corn-maga- 
zines, large  exports  of  provisions,  manufactures  of  candles*,, 
yarn,  and  dyes,  and  two  great  annual  fairs. 

Rzimarzow,  the  native  name  of  Romerstaut. 


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S. 


i 


Saadeh)  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Sada. 

Saal,  s&l,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  6 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Neustadt.     Pop.  1068. 

Saalbnrg,  B8,l'b35RQ,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Reuss- 
Schleitz,  30  miles' S.W.  of  Gera,  on  the  Saale.     Pop.  1206. 

Saale,  s&'ldh,  Saala,  si'li,  or  Salzbnrger,  s&lts'- 
bSSRG^^r,  a  river  of  Upper  Austria  and  Bavaria,  flows 
N.W,,  and  joins  the  Salzach  4  miles  N.W.  of  Salzburg. 
Length,  70  miles. 

Saale,  or  Frankische  Saale,  fr&n'kish-^h  s&'l^h 
(anc.  Sa'la),  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  joins  the  Main 
at  Gemiinden,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Saale,  or  Sachsische  Saale,  s&K'sish-^h  s&'I^h,  or 
Thiiringische  Saale,  tii'ring-ish^^h  si'l§h  {&no.  Sa'la), 
a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  in  the  Fichtel-Berg,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Hof,  flows  very  tortuously  N.  through  the  Saxon  duchies, 
Prussian  Saxony,  Anhalt,  Ac,  and  joins  the  Elbe  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Total  course,  212  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  large  vessels  to  Halle. 

Saalfeld,  sirfilt,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  government 
and  71  miles  S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2775. 

Saalfeld,  s&l'fSlt,  a  town  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the 
Saale,  41  miles  E.  of  Meiningen.  Lat.  50°  37'  N.;  Ion.  11° 
24'  E.  Pop.  6784.  It  has  an  old  castle,  with  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linen,  tobacco,  chiccory,  potash,  vinegar, 
gunpowder,  and  leather,  and  a  considerable  cattle-trade. 
Near  it  are  some  iron-mines.  Alt  Saalfeld,  ilt  sil'ffilt, 
is  a  village  on  the  Saale,  immediately  opposite.     Pop.  428. 

Saalfelden,  sil'ffird^n,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on 
the  Saale,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1046. 

Saalmiinster,  Germany.    See  SalhUnster. 

Saan,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  San. 

Saane,  8|'n?h  (Fr.  Sarine,  siVeen'),  a  river  of  Swit- 
zerland, cantons  of  Bern  and  Freyburg,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Aar  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bern.     Length,  65  miles. 

Saanen,  s|'nen  (Fr.  Oeasenay,  zhfis^s^h-ni'),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Bern,  on  the 
Upper  Saane.     Pop.  3639. 

Saar,  s8,u  (Fr.  Sarre,  saB),  a  river  which  rises  in 
France,  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  and  pursues  a  N.  course 
of  120  miles  in  Alsace-Lorraine  and  Rhenish  Prussia,  join- 
ing the  Moselle  5  miles  S.W.  of  Treves. 

Saar,  s&r,  or  Zdiar,  zdee'aR,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on 
the  Bohemian  frontier,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Iglau.     Pop.  3060. 

Saaralben,  slr'irb^n  (Fr.  Sarralbe,  saR^nilb'),  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  at  the  conf.uenoe  of  the  Saar  and 
Albe,  9  miles  by.  rail  S.S.W.  of  Saargemund.  Pop.  2461. 
It  has  manufactures  of  snuff-boxes. 

Saarbriick,  s&R'briik,  or  Saarbrflckeii)  s&R'bru-k^n, 
a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  40  miles  S.S.B.  of  Treves,  on 
the  Saar.  Pop.  9041 ;  with  Sanct  Johann,  19,982.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths.  Mines  of 
iron  and  coal  are  extensively  worked  in  the  vicinity.  It 
was  founded  in  the  tenth  century,  was  given  to  the  church 
of  Metz  by  the  Emperor  Henry  III.,  and  subsequently  gov- 
erned by  its  own  counts  till  1380,  when  it  came  by  marriage 
into  the  family  of  Nassau.  It  was  afterwards  fortified,  and 
suffered  much  by  war. 

Saarburg,  siR'bSSRO  (Fr.  Sarrehourg,  saB^booR'),  a 
town  of  Germany,  Lorraine,  40  miles  E.  of  Nancy.     P.  3273. 

Saarburg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  11  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Treves,  on  the  Saar.     Pop.  1866. 

Saardam,  Netherlands.    See  Zaakdau. 

Saargemflnd,  slR'gh^h-milnt^  ( Fr.  Sarregueminea, 
FaR^gheh-meen'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  at  a 
railway  junction,  9  miles  S.  of  Saarbriick,  in  Prussia.  It 
has  manufactures  of  fine  pottery,  leather,  silks,  velvets, 
plushes,  nails,  lime,  Ac.     Pop.  8466. 

Saar-IiOuis,  siR-loo'is  (Fr.  pron.  saR-loo^ee'),  or 
Sarre-Liouis,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Saar.  Pop.  6782.  It  was  founded 
by  Louis  XIV.,  strongly  fortified,  and  belonged  to  France 
till  1815.  It  forms  an  important  fortress,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  arms,  with  lead-  and  iron-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Saarn,  s5,Rn,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  2958. 

Saar-Union,  or  Saar-Union  Bonquenom,  saR- 
U^ne-6H»'  b6N»^k§h-n6No',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Zabern,  on  the  Saar.     Pop.  3793. 

Saarwellingen,  sia^^^l'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  29  miles  S.S.E.  "of  Treves.     Pop.  2256. 

Saatf,  or  Saaz,  sits  (Bohemian,  Zatecz,  z§,'tdtoh), 
Luczko,loo^>ch'ko,  or  Borotinko^  bo-ro-tink'o,  a  town 


of  Bohemia,  on  the  Eger,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  8896.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  collegiate 
church,  a  Capuchin  monastery,  and  a  gymnasium,  with  a 
trade  in  wines  and  hops. 

Saba,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Mareb. 

Saba,  sa,'bi,  one  of  the  Dutch  West  India  islands,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Eustatius,  of  which  it  is  a  dependency,  in 
lat.  17°  39'  N.,  Ion.  63°  19'  W.  Area,  15  square  miles. 
Pop.  2002. 

Sabadell,  si-Bi-nfil',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat.  Pop.  13,939.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  muslins,  and  paper. 

Saban'a  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex. 

Sabanilla,  si-Bi-neel'yi,  a  village  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  department  of  Bolivar,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Magdalena.  Lat.  10°  58'  N.;  Ion.  75°  5'  W.  It  was 
formerly  a  place  of  some  importance,  but  the  business  of 
the  so-called  port  of  Sabanilla  is  now  mainly  carried  on  at 
Salgar  and  Barranquilla.  Its  houses  are  of  mud,  with 
thatched  roofs.     Pop.  500. 

Sabanjah,  si-b&n'ji.,  a  town  and  small  lake  of  Asia 
Minor.  The  town  (anc.  Sophon),  20  miles  E.  of  Ismeed,  is 
full  of  coffee-houses  and  stables,  with  about  500  houses  and 
2  mosques.  On  its  E.  side  is  the  lake,  an  oval  basin  about 
6  miles  in  length. 

Sabara,  s&-b&'r&,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  on 
the  Rio  das  Velhas,  an  afiluent  of  the  Sao  Francisco,  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  6000. 

Sabat,  the  ancient  name  of  Zebbed. 

Sabat'tus,  a  post-village  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Androscoggin  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  South  Lewiston. 
It  is  on  a  fine  lake  (Sabattus  Pond),  and  has  a  cotton-mill, 
2  woollen-mills,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumbei 
and  excelsior. 

Sabattus  Pond,  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  lies  betweec 
Green  and  Wales  townships.     It  is  about  4  miles  long  and 

I  mile  wide.  The  Sabattus  River  issues  from  this  pond  and 
enters  the  Androscoggin  River. 

Sabaudia,  the  Latin  name  of  Savoy, 

Sab'bath  Day  Point,  a  post-hamlet  and  steamboat- 
landing  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  George,  12  miles  W. 
of  Whitehall.     It  is  a  summer  resort. 

Sabbath  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Elizabeth  Furnace,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Sabbio  di  Sopra,  sS,b'be-o  dee  so'pri,  and  Sabbio 
di  SottO,  sib'be-o  dee  sot'to,  two  contiguous  villages  of 
Italy,  in  Milan,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  opposite 
Bides  of  the  Chiese.     Pop.  1129. 

Sabbionetta,  s&b-be-o-nSt't&,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  7058.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
was  the  capital  of  a  principality  given  by  Napoleon  to  his 
sister  Pauline  in  1806. 

Sab'bot  (or  Sab'ot) .  Island,  also  called  Dover 
Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on  James 
River,  20  miles  above  Richmond.     It  has  a  mill. 

Sab'den,  a  village  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Burnley.     Pop.  1160. 

Sabermuttee,  sub'^r-miit'tee,  or  Sub^ermut'ty, 
written  also  Subbermattee  and  Saubbermuttee,  a 
river  of  India,  rises  in  the  Odeypoor  dominions,  flows  S.W. 
past  Ahmednuggur  and  Ahmedabad,  and  enters  the  head 
of  the  Gulf  of  Cambay  by  a  wide  mouth,  15  miles  W.  of 
Cambay.     Total  course,  200  miles. 

Sabeth'a,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Seneca.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  ploughs,  wagons,  furniture,  and  cheese.    P.  (1890)  1368. 

Sabil'lasville,  or  SabilMisville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  66 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Sabi'na,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Richland 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad, 

II  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  3-  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  s 
saw-mill,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  1080. 

Sabinal,   si-Be-nil',  a  hamlet  of   Socorro  co.,  Ne^_^ 
Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande.     It  has  a  church.  S3 

Sabinal,  a  post-office  of  Uvalde  co.,  Tex.  ^Hl 

Sabinal   Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Bandera  co.,  rui^^ 
southward  through  Uvalde  oo.,  and  enters  the  Rio  Frio. 

Sabinas,  s4-Bee'n4s,  a  river  of  Mexico,  states  of  Coha- 
huila  and  New  Leon,  joins  the  Rio  Grande.  On  it  is  th« 
village  of  Sabinas. 


SAB 


2329 


SAC 


Sabine,  s4-been',  a  parish  in  the  W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  1010  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  is  drained  in  the  N.E. 
central  part  by  San  Miguel  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly 
lerel,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  In  the 
latter  many  varieties  of  trees  abound.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Many.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6456;  in  1880,  7344;  in  1890,  9390. 

Sabine,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders'on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  is  drained  by  Patroop 
Creelt.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  in 
which  the  live-oak,  maple,  and  other  trees  abound.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Hemphill.  Pop.  in  1870,  3256 ;  in  1880, 
4161;  in  1890,  4969. 

Sabine  (local  pron.  sa'bine),  a  post-office  of  Marion  co., 
Ind.,  is  at  Sunnyside  Station  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Sabine  Lake,  an  expansion  of  Sabine  River,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Louisiana  and  Texas,  and  is 
about  5  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  nearly  20 
miles  long  and  9  miles  wide. 

Sabine  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gregg  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Sabine  River,  and  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  at  Foote's  Station,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Longview. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Sabine  Pass,  or  Sabine  City,  a  post-village  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Sabine  River,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galveston. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  457.  Here  is  a 
fine  sea-beach. 

Sabine  River  rises  near  the  northern  boundary  of 
Texas,  by  several  streams  in  Collin  and  Hunt  cos.,  and  runs 
nearly  southeastward,  until  it  strikes  the  western  boundary 
of  Louisiana  (De  Soto  parish),  thence  southward,  forming 
the  boundary  between  Texas  and  Louisiana,  until  it  enters 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  through  Sabine  Lake.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  500  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  small  steam- 
boats for  400  miles. 

Sabinetown,  s&-been't5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Sabine  River,  about  175  miles  N.lf.E.  of 
Galveston.     It  has  a  church. 

Sabino,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Iseo. 

Sa'binsville,  a  post- village  of  Tioga  oo..  Pa.,  in  Clymer 
township,  about  54  miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsborough.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  several  general 
stores,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sabioncello,  s4-be-on-ch5l'lo  (anc.  Hil'lia),  a  penin- 
sula of  Dalmatia,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Ragusa,  extending  into 
the  Adriatic  between  the  islands  of  Curzola  and  Lesina. 
Length,  43  miles ;  average  breadth,  4  miles. 

Sabiote,  s&-Be-o't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3786. 

Sabis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sambre. 

Sabl6,  s4*bli',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the 
Sarthe,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Erve,  32  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Le  Mans.  Pop.  5334,  who  manufacture  gloves,  and  trade 
in  marble,  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 

Sable,  sa'b'l,  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  863. 

Sable  Island,  a  small  island  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  lying  90  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Canso.  Lat. 
43"  69'  N.  5  Ion.  59°  47'  W.  It  is  narrow,  low,  and  sandy, 
about  25  miles  in  length,  and  has  been  the  scene  of  numer- 
ous shipwrecks.  The  island  has  2  light-houses,  with  fog- 
horns and  life-saving  stations.  It  produces  many  cran- 
berries. Capb  Sable  Island  is  off  the  S.W,  extremity  of 
Nova  Scotia.     See  also  Cape  Sable. 

Sable  River.    See  Au  Sable  and  Grand  Sable. 

Sables,  Les,  a  town  of  France.    See  Les  Sables. 

Sablonville,  si^bl6H»Veel',  a  village  of  France,  form- 
ing a  N.W.  suburb  of  Paris,  adjoining  the  new  fortifications. 

Sabludow,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  ZABLOODor. 

Saboe,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Savoo. 

Sabor,  sI-bSr',  a  river  of  Spain,  rising  in  Leon,  joins 
the  Douro  on  the  right,  in  Portugal,     Length,  75  miles. 

Sabot  Island,  Virginia.     See  Sabbot  Island. 

Sabougla,  sa-boog'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  oo.. 
Miss.,  25  miles  E.  of  Grenada. 

Saboya,  the  Spanish  name  of  Savot. 

Sabrao,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Adenara. 

Sabres,  s&b'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  19  miles 
NJJ.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  558. 

Sabrevois,  sib'rVwi',  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  8  J  miles  from  St.  Johns.  It  has  a  French  College 
(Anglican).     Pop.  175. 

Sabridgeworthfor  Sawbridgeworth  (pron.  s&ps'- 
147 


worth),  a  hamlet  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  10^  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Hertford,  on  a  railway,  28i  miles  N.E.  of  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  2832. 

Sabrina,  or  Sabriana.    See  Severn. 

Sabrina,  s&-bree'n&,  a  volcanic  island  of  the  Azores, 
thrown  up  in  1810  to  the  height  of  400  feet  above  the  sea, 
near  St.  Michael.     It  has  since  been  wholly  submerged. 

Sabrina  i£stuarium.    See  Bristol  Channel. 

Sabri'naliand,  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  is  a  tract  of 
land  seen  by  Balleny  in  1839,  in  lat.  75°  S.,  Ion.  117°  E. 

Sabugal,  s&-boo-g&r,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Braga.     Pop.  1550. 

Sabu'la,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  20  miles  above 
Clinton.  By  railroad  it  is  42  miles  S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and 
18  miles  N.  of  Clinton.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  k 
Dubuque  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Sabula, 
Aokley  &  Dakota  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
banking-houses,  3  hotels,  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  steam 
floiir-mill,  2  planing-mills,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  manu- 
factories of  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  918. 

Sabula,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in  Huston 
township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Clearfield. 

Sabula  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Chicago,  Clinton 
&  Dubuque  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sabula,  Ack- 
ley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Clinton,  Iowa. 

Sftby,  s&'bii,  Saebye,  or  S£lbye,  si'bU^^h,  a  town  of 
Denmarlc,  in  Jutland,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  of  its 
own  name  in  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1344. 

Sabynina,  8&-be-nee'n&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  Koorsk,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bielgorod. 

Sabzawar,  s4b-z&-war',  or  Subzawar,  sub-zi-war', 
a  fortified  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  65  miles 
W.  of  Nishapoor.     It  is  populous,  and  has  a  citadel. 

Sac,  sawk  (or  Big  Sac),  a  river  of  Missouri,  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  which  rise  in  Greene  and  Lawrence  cos. 
and  unite  in  Dade  co.  It  runs  northward  through  Cedar 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  2  or  3  miles  above  Osceola. 
It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Sac,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Boyer  and 
Coon  (or  Raccoon)  Rivers  and  their  affluents.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  The  greater  part  of 
this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches 
of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Sao 
City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1411;  in  1875,  2873;  in  1880,  8774; 
in  1890,  14,522. 

Sac,  a  township  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  920. 

Sac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Blountville. 

Sacanibhari,  a  town  of  India.    See  Samber. 

Sacanda'ga  Park,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  S.  of  Northville. 

Sac  and  Fox  Agency,  a  post-office  of  the  former 
Sac  and  Fox  Indian  Reservation,  in  Oklahoma,  on  the  Deep 
Fork  of  Canadian  River,  40  miles  W.  of  Okmulkee. 

Sacapa,  Guatemala.    See  Zacapa. 

Sacapulas,  si-k&-poo'l&s,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  and  110  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala. 

Sacatecoluca,s&-k&-t4-ko-loo'k&,  a  town  of  San  Sal- 
vador, on  the  low  coast  of  the  Pacific,  28  miles  S.E.  of  the 
city  of  San  Salvador,  at  the  foot  of  a  volcano  of  its  own 
name,  remarkable  for  its  grottos  and  hot  springs.   Pop.  5000. 

Sacatepec,  si-ki-ti-pfik',  sometimes  written  Saca« 
tapeques  and  Zacatapeques,  a  town  of  Guatemala, 
capital  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  stretching  along  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  3000. 

Sacaton,  s&-k&-ton',  a  trading-post  of  Pinal  oo.,  Ari- 
zona, 90  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Prescott. 

Sacavem,  si-k4-vSN»',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Es- 
tremadura,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Tagus,  7 
miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2400. 

Sac  Bay,  Michigan.    See  Sack  Bat. 

Saccarappa,  or  Sacarappa,  Maine.  See  West- 
brook. 

Saccatoo,  Sackatoo,  Sackatou,or  Sakatu,  s&k 
k&-too',a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Saccatoo,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Niger,  in  lat.  13°  N.,  Ion.  6°  E.  It  is  enclosed  by 
lofty  walls  and  entered  by  12  gates.  In  its  centre  is  a 
large  square  with  a  royal  residence,  and  it  has  several 
mosques,  manufactures  of  blue  cloth,  and  trade  with  the 
countries  from  Ashantee  to  Tripoli.     Pop.  20,000. 

Saccatoo,  or  Sokoto,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  having 
Gando  on  the  W.  and  Borneo  on  the  E.  It  is  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  Houssa  kingdoms,  and  consists  in  part  of 
feudal  realms,  of  which  the  kingdom  of  Adamawa  is  the 


SAC 


2330 


SAC 


most  extensive.  Area,  16S;500  square  miles.  Capital, 
Saocatoo.     Pop.  12,000,000. 

Sac  (sawk)  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sao  co., 
Iowa,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Cedar  Creek,  about  45  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort 
Dodge.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1249. 

Sacco,  s&k'ko,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Garigliano  4  miles  S.  of  Frosinone.     Length,  40  miles. 

Sacco,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  6  miles  W. 
of  Diano.     Pop.  1800. 

Saccondee,  s&k-kon'dee,  a  small  maritime  province 
of  Upper  Guinea,  on  the  Qold  Coast,  W.  of  Ahanta.  Besides 
its  capital,  Saocondee,  it  contains  several  villages. 

Sacconex,  sik^ko^nix',  Great  and  Little,  two  vil- 
lages forming  two  parishes  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  2504. 

Sacedon,  si-thi-cSn',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
27  miles  S.E.  of  Guadalajara,  near  the  Tagus.  Pop.  1549. 
It  has  a  royal  palace,  barracks,  and  saline  baths. 

Saceram,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Sailiu. 

Sachore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sanjore. 

Sachsa,  sS.k's&,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  48  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  at  the  foot  of  the  Harz.     Pop.  1334. 

Sachsen,  Germany.    See  Saxe,  and  Saxont. 

Sachsen-Altenbnrg.    See  SAXE-ALTENBnRG. 

Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha.  See SAXE-CoBURa-QoTHA. 

Sachsenland,  Transylvania.     See  Saxonlakd. 

Sachsen-Weimar.    See  Saxe-Weimar. 

Sacile,  si-chee'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Venice,  on  the  Livenza.     Pop.  5226. 

Sackatoo,  or  Sackatou,  Africa.    See  Saccatoo. 

Sack  Bay,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Delta  co.,  Mich., 
on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  (a  small  inlet  of  Lake  Michigan), 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Esconaba.     Pop.  of  the  township,  216. 

Sack'ett,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  111.     Pop.  698. 

Sack'ett's  Har'bor,  a  pleasant  post-village  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hounsfleld  township,  on  a  bay  of  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Water- 
town.  It  has  a  good  and  safe  harbor,  which  is  easy  of 
access,  and  it  was  formerly  an  important  naval  station.  It 
has  gradually  declined  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  it  is 
becoming  a  popular  summer  resort  on  account  of  its  fine 
scenery,  <fco.  It  is  44  miles  by  water  N.N.E.  of  Oswego, 
and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  a  railroad  which  connects  it  with 
Watertown.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
good  hotels,  3  drug-stores,  9  other  stores,  and  the  Madison 
Barracks,  which  is  occupied  by  a  garrison.     P.  (1890)  787. 

S&ckingen,  sik'king-§n,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Upper  Rhine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  51  miles  S.S.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3624. 

Sack'ville,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick,  West- 
moreland CO.,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  129  miles  from  St.  John,  and  147 
miles  from  Halifax.  It  is  the  seat  of  Mount  Allison  Col- 
lege (Wesleyan),  and  has  8  churches,  2  hotels,  a  tannery, 
several  mills  and  stores,  an  iron-foundry,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  1500. 

Sackville,  a  village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  12 
miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  300. 

Sackville,  Ontario.    See  Colchester. 

Saco,  saw'ko,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  cap- 
itals of  York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  of  the 
same  name,  about  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  is  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  by  a  bridge  with  Biddeford,  a  city  on  the  oppo- 
site bank  of  the  river.  It  is  also  on  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  100  miles  from  Boston.  It  contains  7  churches, 
the  Saoo  Athenaeum,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  2 
national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  newspaper  office,  sev- 
eral large  cotton-factories,  machine-shops,  saw-mills,  manu- 
factories of  shoes,  (fcc.  The  river  here  falls  more  than  40 
feet,  and  affords  excellent  water-power,  which  is  extensively 
employed.     Pop.  in  1880,  6389;  in  1890,  6075. 

Sacoman'go  River  rises  in  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  and, 
winding  through  Hamilton  and  Fulton  cos.,  falls  into  the 
Hudson  River  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Lake  George. 

Saconda'ga  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Piseco  Lake, 
in  Hamilton  co.,  and  runs  southeastward  to  Northampton, 
Fulton  00.  It  next  runs  northeastward  through  Saratoga 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  at  Hadley,  about  10  miles 
W.  of  Glens  Falls. 

Saco  River  rises  among  the  White  Mountains,  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.  It  runs  southeastward  into  Maine,  in  which  it 
drains  parts  of  Oxford  and  Cumberland  cos.  It  finally 
runs  southeastward  through  York  co.,  and  enters  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  6  or  7  miles  below  Biddeford.     It  is  nearly  175 


miles  long.     It  has  a  fall  of  72  feet  near  the  S.  extremity 
of  Oxford  CO.,  Me. 

Saco  River  Station,  Maine.    See  Bar  Mills. 

Sacramento,  si-krA-men'to,  the  largest  river  of  Cal- 
ifornia, rises  in  Siskiyou  co.,  its  head-stream,  called  Pitt 
River,  being  the  outlet  of  Goose  Lake.  It  irrigates  part 
of  Lassen  oo.,  from  which  it  runs  westward  through  the 
Sierra  Nevada  into  Shasta  co.  Below  the  town  of  Shasta 
it  flows  nearly  southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Tehama  and 
Colusa,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Sacramento  co.,  and  en- 
ters Suisun  Bay  on  the  boundary  between  Contra  Costa  and 
Solano  cos.  It  is  nearly  500  miles  long.  The  only  large 
town  on  it  is  Sacramento  City.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course 
it  traverses  a  fertile  plain  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  In 
some  places  it  is  bordered  by  extensive  marshes  overgrown 
with  tule,  a  sort  of  bulrush.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend 
it  to  Red  Bluff,  more  than  250  miles.  The  San  Joaquin 
River  joins  the  Sacramento  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sacramento,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Cal- 
ifornia, has  an  area  of  about  1010  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  American  and  Cosumne  Rivers.  The  San 
Joaquin  River  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  generally  a  level  treeless  plain,  but  the  eastern 
part  is  occupied  by  low  hills  and  Upland  prairies.  The 
Sacramento  River  is  bordered  by  an  expanse  of  tule  marsh, 
which  is  several  miles  wide  and  is  overgrown  with  a  species 
of  rush  or  reed  called  tule.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Barley, 
wool,  hay,  wheat,  butter,  fruits,  hops,  and  sweet  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  Groves  of  oak  are  distributed 
along  the  banks  of  the  rivers.  Quarries  of  granite  have 
been  opened  in  this  county,  and  some  gold  has  been  found 
here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad 
and  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  its  capital,  Sacramento,  which  is  also  the  capital  of 
the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,830;  in  1880,  34,390;  in  1890, 
40,339. 

Sacramento,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  24i 
miles  S.  of  Fairfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Sacramento,  a  post- village  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  about 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Madisonville.     It  has  4  stores.     Pop.  195. 

Sacramento,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 

Sacramento,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co..  Neb.,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Sacramento,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  2  general  stores. 

Sacramento  City,  a  port  of  entry  and  important 
commercial  town,  the  capital  of  California  and  of  Sacra- 
mento CO.,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  Sacramento  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  American  River,  in  the  midst  of  a  level 
and  fertile  country,  120  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, which  is  about  75  miles  distant  in  a  direct  line.  Mean 
temperature,  60°  Fahr.  Climate  dry  and  genial.  Lat.  38° 
34'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  26'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  street 
nearest  the  river  being  called  Front  street,  the  next  Second, 
and  so  on ;  these  are  crossed  by  others  at  right  angles,  dis- 
tinguished by  the  letters  of  the  alphabet.  The  direction  of 
the  latter  is  E.  and  W.  The  principal  places  of  business  are 
near  the  Sacramento  River,  between  First  and  Sixth  streets 
and  between  H  and  L  streets.  The  houses  and  stores  in 
this  part  of  the  city  are  mostly  built  of  brick.  In  other 
parts  the  dwellings  are  generally  adorned  with  fine  gar 
dens.  The  city  is  lighted  with  gas.  It  is  the  second  city 
in  the  state  in  respect  to  population  and  trade.  As  a  cen- 
tre of  commerce,  Sacramento  City  possesses  great  advan- 
tages. It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  for  large  steamboats, 
and  is  accessible  for  steamers  and  sailing-vessels  at  all  sea- 
sons of  the  year ;  while  not  only  the  Sacramento  River  it- 
self, but  its  important  affluent  the  Feather  River,  is  navi- 
gable for  small  steamboats  far  above,  into  the  interior  of 
the  country.  These  advantages  have  rendered  this  town  the 
principal  entrep8t  for  supplying  with  provisions  the  great 
mining-region  of  the  north.  It  has  also  an  extensive  trade 
with  the  great  central  valley  of  the  state,  the  inhabitants  of 
which  are  mostly  employed  in  agriculture.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  state  capitol,  a  beautiful  structure,  built 
in  a  park  of  50  acres,  at  a  cost  of  $2,500,000,  an  edifice  for 
the  governor's  residence,  a  masonic  temple,  an  agricultural 
hall.  Turner  Hall,  and  an  Odd-Fellows'  Hall.  Sacramento 
City  contains  14  churches,  a  high  school,  a  female  college,  a 
normal  school,  a  Catholic  college,  the  state  library,  another 
public  library,  a  hospital,  2  orphan  asylums,  a  national 
bank,  and  several  savings-banks.  Two  or  3  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here.     This  city  has  smelting-  and 


SAC 


2331 


SAG 


rtfining-worka  for  ores,  3  flonring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  2 
potteries,  6  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  farm- 
implements,  furniture,  brandy,  machinery,  Ac.  It  is  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad.  The  machine-shops  and  car- 
works  of  the  Central  Pacific,  located  here,  employ  about 
1200  men.  The  river  at  this  place  is  crossed  by  a  fine 
bridge.  This  city  is  protected  from  inundation  by  a  levee, 
oonstructed  in  1862.  It  has  a  semi-tropical  climate,  and  is 
noted  for  beautiful  gardens,  in  which  flowers  bloom  in  all 
seasons  of  the  year.  Steamers  ply  daily  between  this  port 
and  San  Francisco.  Founded  in  1849.  Pop.  in  1860, 
13,785;  in  1870,  16,283;  in  1880,  21,420;  in  1890,  26,386. 
Sa'cred  Heart,  a  post-township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Granite 

Ralls.     Pop.  803. 
Sacred  Heart  Station,  a  post-oflBoe  and  mission- 
Biation  of  the  Indian  Territory,  Pottawatomie  Nation. 

Sacrificios,  si-kre-fee'se-oce,  a  small  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  3  miles  S.  of  Vera  Cruz,  a  place  of  sacri- 
fice under  the  Aztecs.    It  has  some  remains  of  temples,  Ac. 

Sacrificios,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Mexico,  i  mile  long.     Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  6'  W. 

Sacrum  Flumen.    See  Tatignano. 

Sacrum  Promontorium.    See  Cape  St.  Vincekt. 

Sacni,  Sacuhi,  s&-koo-ee',  or  Sussuhi,  soos-soo-ee', 
a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  after  a  S.E. 
course  of  about  260  miles  joins  the  Doce.  It  is  navigable 
for  about  200  miles. 

Sada,  si'di,  or  Saadeh,  si'dgh,  a  walled  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Yemen,  145  miles  N.  of  Sana. 

Sada,  s&'d&,  or  Santa  Maria  de  Sada,  s&n'tS,  m&- 
ree'S.  di  si'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8  miles  E.  of 
Corunna,  on  the  Bay  of  Betanzos.     Pop.  2125. 

Sadaba,  s&-d&'bS,,  or  Sadava,  sa-D&'v&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Aragon,  province  and  42  miles  N.W.  of  Sara- 
gossa,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Arva.     Pop.  1904. 

Sadalgi,  s&-d&l'jee,  a  town  of  India,  in  Belgaum.  Pop. 
6863. 

KSad&o,  a  river  of  Portugal.     See  Saldao. 
Sadaquada,  8ad^9,-kw&'da,  or  San'quoit,  a  creek 
f  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  the  Mohawk  River  at  Whites- 
borough. 

Sadaw'ga,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Whitingham  township,  near  the  Deerfield  River,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church,  a  mineral  spring, 
and  some  manufactures. 

Sad'dleback,  a  mountain  in  Cumberland  co.,  England, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Keswick.     Elevation,  2787  feet. 

Saddleback,  an  island  in  Hudson  Strait,  in  British 
North  America. 

Sad'dleback  Monn'tain,  in  Franklin  co..  Me. 
Height,  about  4000  feet. 

Saddle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  S.D. 

Sad'dlehead  is  the  N.  extremity  of  Achill  Island. 

Saddle  Lake,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    See  Coluubia. 

Saddle  Mountain,  Massachusetts,  is  in  Berkshire  oo., 
about  4  miles  S.W.  of  North  Adams,  and  2  miles  N.  of 
Greylock,  itself  formerly  called  Saddle  Mountain.  It  is 
nearly  3500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Saddle  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  4536  feet  above  the  tide. 

Saddle  Peak,  a  mountain  of  Great  Andaman  Island, 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal. 

Saddle  River,  of  New  Jersey,  falls  into  the  Passaic 
in  Hudson  co. 

Saddle  River,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Hohokus  and  Washington  townships,  in  the  valley  of  Sad- 
dle River,  li  miles  from  Allendale  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Erie  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  manufactory  of  planes  and  other  tools. 

Saddler's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

S add u keen,  sid-doo-k^n',  an  island  of  the  Sea  of 
Bab-el-Mandeb,  N.  of  Zeyla. 

Sadhaura,  s&d-hSw'r%,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
85  miles  E.  of  Umballah.     Pop.  11,198. 

Sadieville,  sa'de-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.    Here  are  2  stores. 

Sad'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  3  stores. 

Sado,  s&'do,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Japan,  W.  of 
Hondo.  Lat.  38°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  138°  30'  E.  Area,  720 
iquare  miles.     It  produces  gold  and  silver.     Pop.  103,098. 

Sadonsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zadonsk. 

Sado'rus,  or  Sodo'rus,  a  post-village  in  Sadorus 
township.  Champaign  oo..  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  33 


in 


miles  E.  by  N.  of  Decatur,  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cham- 
paign. It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  eleratort. 
Pop.  300  ;  of  the  township,  1468. 

Sadowa,  s&-do'i^&,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Eoniggr'itz.  Pop.  106.  It  gives  name  to  the  great 
Prussian  victory  of  July  3,  1866. 

Sadras,  si-dris',  a  town  of  India,  near  the  month  of 
the  Palaur,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  12°  31'  N. ; 
Ion.  80°  14'  E. 

Sadsbnry,  sadz'b^r-^,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  contains 
Parkesburg,  Atglen,  and  Sadsburyville.     Pop.  749. 

Sadsbury,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  894. 

Sadsbnry,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1617. 

Sadsburyville,  sadz'b^r-^-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sads- 
bury township,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Pomeroy  Sta- 
tion, and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches  near  it,  and  2  jean-mills. 

S 86 bye,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Sabt. 

Saeed,  or  Said,  s&-eed',  the  name  of  Upper  Egypt  in 
the  time  of  Aboolfeda.  It  was  applied  to  Egypt  S.  of  Old 
Cairo,  but  the  W.  half  of  the  region  is  now  called  Vostani. 

Saeef,  or  Saif,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Fartash. 

Ssefvar-An,  sifvaR-in,  a  river  of  Sweden,  Isen  of 
Westerbotten,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  miles,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia  10  miles  E.  of  Umea. 

Saegertown,  sa'gh^r-tSwn,  or  Saegerstown,  sS'- 
gh§rz-t6wn,  a  post-borough  in  Woodcock  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great 
Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  handles,  and 
staves.     Pop.  in  1890,  746. 

Saegersville,  sa'gh^rz-vll,  a  post-village  in  Heidelberg 
township,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  Jordan  Creek,  1  mile  from 
Germansville  Station,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  800. 

Saelices,  si-i-lee'thSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1694. 

Ssephus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Flumendosa. 

Ssetabicula,  the  ancient  name  of  Alcira. 

Ssetabis,  or  Setabis.    See  San  Felipe  de  Jativa. 

Safed,  si-fSd',  Safet,  sl-fSt',  or  Safad  (anc.  Ja'pha), 
a  town  of  Palestine,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tabareeyah.  An 
earthquake,  January  1,  1837,  destroyed  5000  of  its  popu- 
lation. The  town  has  cloth-weaving  and  dye-works,  and  is 
a  sacred  city  of  the  Jews,  who  have  here  a  noted  school. 
Pop.  6000. 

Safe  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Manor  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  month 
of  Conestoga  Creek,  and  on  the  Columbia  A  Port  Deposit 
Railroad,  10  miles  below  Columbia.  It  has  a  rolling-mill, 
an  iron-furnace,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  a  graded  school. 

Saffee,  Saffi,  siffeeS  Azaffi,  i^z&f'fee\  or  Asfi,  is'- 
fee^  (anc.  Sofia  ?),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Morocco,  107 
miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Morocco.  Lat.  32°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  9° 
12'  W.  Pop.  12,000,  including  about  3000  Jews.  It  is  en- 
closed by  massive  walls,  and  has  a  palace,  and  near  it  is  a 
small  fort.  It  belonged  to  the  Portuguese  from  1508  till 
1641,  and  declined  with  the  rise  of  Mogadore. 

Saffelaere,  siffa-li'r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3200. 

Saf  fold,  a  post-office  of  Early  co.,  Ga. 

Saf'ford,  a  post-village  of  Graham  co.,  Arizona,  in  the 
Pueblo  Viejo  valley,  on  the  Gila,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Tucson. 

Saflbrd,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Saffron  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Saf'fron-Wal'den,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  49 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  London.  Pop.  9564.  It  is  built 
around  the  foot  of  a  tongue  of  land,  and  has  a  ohuroh, 
a  spacious  market-place,  a  town  hall,  a  grammar-school, 
numerous  charities,  some  commerce  in  malt,  barley,  and 
cattle,  and  an  extensive  retail  trade.  Safifron  was  formerly 
raised  in  large  quantities  near  it,  whence  its  name.  j 

Safrou,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Sofroo. 

Saga,  8&'g&,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Eioo- 
Sioo,  capital  of  the  province  of  Fizen.  Lat.  33°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  130°  18'  E.  The  town  is  traversed  by  many  brooks 
and  a  considerable  number  of  channels;  the  principal  of  i 
the  latter,  that  of  Sentonofutsi,  is  nearly  60  miles  long,  and,l 
uniting  the  Gulf  of  Simabara  with  the  Northern  Sea,  is  of 
great  importance  to  the  inland  commerce  of  Kioo-Sioo,  of 
which  Saga  is  the  centre.    Pop.  (1884)  25,02J. 

Sagadahoc,  sag^^%-hok',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Maine,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  about  260 
square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Kennebec  River,  and 


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is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Androscoggin  River,  which 
enters  the  Kennebec,  5  miles  above  Bath,  The  latter  river 
is  navigable  for  large  vessels  in  this  county,  which  has 
great  facilities  for  navigation  and  the  fisheries.      Hay, 

Sotatoes,  lumber,  and  butter  are  among  the  staple  products, 
[any  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  the  fisheries  and 
ship-building.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad  and  the  Knox  &,  Lincoln  division  of  that 
road,  both  of  which  connect  at  Bath,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,803  J  in  1880,  19,272;  in  1890,  19,452, 

Sagalin,  an  island  of  Asia.    See  Saghalin. 

Sagan,  s&'g&n,  or  Zegan,  ts&'g&n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Liegnitz,on  the  Bober,  and  on  the 
railway  from  Berlin  to  Glogau.  Pop.  10,588.  It  has  a 
gymnasium,  3  hospitals,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
fabrics,  printed  cottons,  sealing-wax,  and  glass-wares,  and  a 
trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Sagan'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saganing 
Greek,  and  on  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Sagard)  s&'gaRt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on 
the  island  of  Riigen,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Stralsund. 

Sag  Bridge )  a  post- village  in  Lemont  township,  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Illi- 
nois k  Michigan  Canal,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  quarries  of  fine  limestone.    Pop.  about  450. 

Sage*  saj,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  52  miles 
N.W.  of  Austin. 

Sage  Creek,  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  southwestward, 
and  enters  Green  River  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Sweetwater  co. 

Sage  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming. 

Sagetown,  saj'tSwn,  or  Lynn,  a  post-village  in  Hen- 
derson CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  two  branches,  9i  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Burlington,  Iowa,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Oquawka.  It  has  1  or 
2  drug-stores,  a  distillery,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Sageviiie,  saj'vtl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Peru  township,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Sageviiie,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.T., 
in  Lake  Pleasant  township,  on  Lake  Pleasant,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Sagg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sufiblk  co.,  N.T.,  near  the  ocean, 
2  miles  from  Bridgehampton.     It  has  a  store. 

Saglialin,  Saghalien,  Sagalin,  s3,-g&-leen'  (writ- 
ten also  Saklialien),  Tarakai,  or  Tarrakai,  tk-rk- 
ki',  a  long  and  narrow  island  oflF  the  E.  coast  of  Asia, 
between  lat.  46°  and  54°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  141°  50'  and  144° 
E.,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Gulf  of  Tartary 
or  Saghalin,  and  S.  from  Yesso  by  the  Strait  of  La  Pe- 
rouse.  It  belongs  to  Russia.  It  is  514  miles  long,  and 
from  17  to  78  miles  across.  Estimated  area,  47,500  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  covered  with  low  mountains  forest- 
clad,  and  with  many  small  lakes,  and  is  rich  in  excellent 
lignitio  coal.  The  climate  is  very  severe.  Its  inhabitants 
subsist  mostly  by  fishing  and  fur-hunting.     Pop.  13,000. 

Saglialin- Oola,  or  Saghalien-Oola,  s&-gl-leen'- 
oo'li,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  generally  considered  its  capi- 
tal, on  the  Amoor.  Lat.  50°  N. ;  Ion.  127°  E.  It  is  stated 
to  be  rich  and  populous,  and  to  have  a  large  trade  in  furs, 
but  has  not  been  visited  by  Europeans.     See  Amoor. 

Sag  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in 
Southampton  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Gardiner's 
Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
New  York,  and  about  10  miles  S.  of  Greenport.  It  is  the 
E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and 
has  a  good  harbor,  6  churches,  many  stately  residences,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  a  savings-bank,  a  good 
hotel,  a  cotton-factory,  a  morocco-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  cigars  and  pottery.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  port 
and  New  York.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Saghipoly,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Ipolysagh. 

Saghuuy,  a  river  of  Quebec.     See  Saguenay. 

Sag'iuaw,  a  river  of  Michigan,  is  formed  by  the  Flint 
and  Shiawassee  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Saginaw  co.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  East  Saginaw.  Nearly  3  miles 
below  this  confluence  it  receives  the  Cass  River  from  the 
right,  and  the  Tittabawassee  from  the  left.  It  runs  in  a 
N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  Saginaw  Bay  about  5  miles 
below  Bay  City.  It  is  nearly  30  miles  long.  The  largest 
towns  on  its  banks  are  Saginaw,  East  Saginaw,  and  Bay 
City.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Saginaw. 

Saginaw,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  lower  peninsula.  Area,  about  816  square  miles.  Its 
chief  rivers  are  the  Saginaw,  which  intersects  the  northern 
part,  and  its  branches  the  Flint  and  Shiawassee  Rivers, 
which  unite  near  the  middle  of  the  county.  It  is  also 
drained  by  the  Cass  and  Tittabawassee  Rivers,  which  enter 


the  Saginaw  about  2  miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Flint 
with  the  other  branch.  Thus  towards  the  central  part  of 
this  county  five  navigable  rivers  converge  from  as  many 
difi'erent  points  ot  the  compass.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  fertile  sandy 
loam.  Hay,  butter,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
farms,  and  pine  lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The 
value  of  the  lumber  sawed  in  this  county  annually  is  about 
$5,000,000.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  the  Saginaw  Valley  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  and  three  other  railroads. 
Capital,  Saginaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,097;  in  1880,  59,096; 
in  1890,  82,273. 

Saginaw,  a  station  in  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  <t  Ontonagon  Railroad,  18  miles  W. 
of  Marquette. 

Saginaw,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  the  left  or  W.  bank  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  64 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lansing,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bay  City,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  98  miles  N.N.W.  of  De- 
troit. It  is  the  railroad  centre  of  Northern  Michigan,  six 
railroads  centring  in  the  city.  Its  site  is  a  plateau  elevated 
about  30  feet  above  the  river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  3 
bridges.  It  contains  a  court-house,  37  churches,  5  national 
banks,  3  savings-banks,  1  state  bank,  2  private  banks, 
public  schools,  a  public  library,  a  theological  seminary,  4 
daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers,  planing-mills,  iron-works, 
machine-  and  boiler-works,  furniture-factories,  breweries, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  salt,  Ac.  The  total  products 
from  these  manufactures  are  estimated  at  $40,000,000  a 
year.  Vessels  drawing  10  feet  of  water  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place,  which  exports  large  quantities  of  lumber 
and  salt.  Saginaw  was  incorporated  in  1859,  and  now  in- 
cludes the  city  of  East  Saginaw,  the  two  cities  having  been 
consolidated  in  1890.     Pop.  in  1890,  46,322. 

Saginaw  Bay  of  Lake  Huron,  the  largest  body  of 
water  which  indents  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  is 
situated  in  the  E.  part  of  the  state.  It  is  about  60  miles  in 
length,  and  30  in  its  greatest  breadth,  and  affords  good 
navigation  and  safe  harbors  for  large  vessels. 

Sago,  Muskingum  co.,  0.     See  Bloompield. 

Sa'go,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Sago,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sagoarema,  s3,-go-&-rd.'m&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  pro\ 
ince  and  45  miles  E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  at  the  E.  extremit> 
of  the  lagoon  of  Sagoarema. 

Sagoie,  sa-go'le,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis. 

Sagoo'a,  an  island  near  the  entrance  of  Fortune  Bay, 
Newfoundland.     It  is  a  fishing-station.     Pop.  270. 

Sagor,  a  district  of  India.     See  Saugur. 

Sagres,  si'grfis,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve, 
on  a  peninsula  of  the  S.  coast,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  St. 
Vincent.  It  was  founded  in  1416  by  Prince  Henriquez, 
who  here  established  a  school  of  navigation.     Pop.  402. 

Sagrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sangro. 

Saguache,  sa-watch',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Colorado,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  Saguache  Creek.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  covered  with  forests  of  fir,  pine, 
Ac,  a  large  portion  being  occupied  by  ranges  or  groups  of 
mountains,  called  Saguache  and  Sangre  de  Cristo.  This 
county  comprises  a  large  part  of  the  fertile  San  Luis  Park, 
which  is  nearly  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among 
its  remarkable  features  is  the  San  Luis  Lake,  which  has  no 
outlet.  The  soil  produces  natural  pasture.  Wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found 
here.  Area,  3240  square  miles.  Capital,  Saguache.  Pop. 
in  1870,  304;  in  1880,  1973;  in  1890,  3313. 

Saguache,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saguache  co..  Col., 
on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Caiion 
City,  and  near  the  northern  border  of  the  San  Luis  Park. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  2 
churches.     Altitude,  7743  feet.     Pop.  in  1890,  660. 

Saguache  (or  SaHvatch')  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in 
a  county  of  its  own  name,  runs  eastward  and  southeast- 
ward, irrigates  the  northern  part  of  San  Luis  Park,  and 
enters  a  large  swamp  or  lake  of  the  same  name  near  the 
middle  of  that  park.  This  swamp  is  described  by  Hayden 
as  "  a  singular  depression,  about  10  miles  wide  and  30  miles 
long.  It  looks  like  one  vast  thicket  of  'grease-wood'  {Sar- 
cobatus  vermicularis)."  It  receives  about  12  good-sized i 
streams,  and  has  no  outlet,  and  yet  there  is  no  large  body  j 
of  water  visible. 

Saguache  (or  Sawatch)  Range,  or  Sierra  Ma- 
dre,  se-SR'rS,  mi'dri,  Colorado,  a  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  is  one  of  the  loftiest  and  most  symmetrical 


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2333 


SAI 


mnges  in  the  state.  It  trends  nearly  N.  and  S.,  extends 
about  80  miles,  and  forms  the  Continental  Divide.  Mount 
Holy  Cross,  which  is  the  most  northern  peak  of  this  range, 
is  in  lat.  .39°  28'  N.,  Ion.  106°  28'  W.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  range  are  Mount  Massive  (14,368  feet).  Mount 
Elbert  (14,326  feet),  Mount  Harvard  (14,383  feet),  and 
Mount  Yale.  "  The  Sawatch  Range,"  says  Prof.  Hayden, 
"  is  a  solid  mass  of  granite,  intersected  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent  by  dikes." 

Sagua  la  Grande,  s&'gw&  (almost  8&'w&)  \&  gr3,n'd^, 
a  river  of  Cuba,  emptying  itself  into  the  sea  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island.     It  is  navigable  nearly  20  miles. 

Sagua  la  Grande,  ek'gwk  (or  s&'w&)  1&  gr&n'd^,  a 
town  of  Cuba,  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the 
above  river.     It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  9632. 

Saguenay,  sag-a-ni',  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  and  one 
of  the  principal  tributaries  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  estuary 
of  which  it  enters  120  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec,  in  lat.  48°  6' 
N.,  Ion.  69°  38'  W.,  and  into  which  it  brings  the  surplus 
waters  of  Lake  St.  John.  Total  length,  100  miles.  The 
Saguenay  is  remarkable  for  its  wild  and  picturesque 
scenery.  The  first  half  of  its  course  runs  through  a  wilder- 
ness of  pine-  and  spruce-covered  hills.  It  abounds  in 
waterfalls,  and  is  only  navigable  for  canoes.  A  few  miles 
below  the  most  southern  fall  on  the  river  is  the  village  of 
Chicoutimi,  where  an  extensive  lumber-business  is  trans- 
acted. About  10  miles  S.  of  Chicoutimi  there  recedes  from 
the  Saguenay  a  beautiful  expanse  of  water  called  Ha  Ha 
Bay,  at  the  head  of  which  is  another  village.  Between  this 
bay  and  the  mouth  of  the  river  its  course  exhibits  some  of 
the  most  sublime  river-scenery  in  the  world,  the  banks 
varying  in  height  from  600  to  1500  feet,  overhanging  the 
river  below.  Water  has  been  found  as  deep  within  5  feet 
of  the  shore  as  in  the  middle.  Near  its  mouth  a  line  of  3000 
feet  failed  to  find  bottom ;  the  depth  in  other  parts  varies 
from  100  to  1000  feet.  During  the  summer  months  the 
Saguenay  is  visited  by  thousands  of  tourists.  It  is  navigable 
to  Ha  Ha  Bay  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  many  tributaries.  At  the  mouth  of  the 
Saguenay  is  Tadousao,  a  watering-place. 

Sagnenay,  a  county  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Que- 
bec. Area,  12,815  square  miles.  The  St.  Lawrence  forms 
its  S.E.  boundary,  and  it  is  intersected  by  the  Saguenay 
Iliver.     Capital,  Tadousac.     Pop.  5487. 

Saguntum,  the  ancient  name  of  Murviedro. 

Sagur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Saugur. 

Sagy,  si^zhee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et-Loire, 
arrondissement  of  Louhans.     Pop.  341. 

Sahagun,  si-i-goon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leon,  with  the  remains  of  a  castle  and 
a  famous  Benedictine  abbey.  It  has  many  mills,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.     Pop.  2610. 

Sahama,  of  Nevado  de  Sahama,  ni-v&'do  dk  s&- 
hi'mfl,,  a  mountain  of  the  Andes,  in  Peru.  Lat.  18°  7'  S.; 
Ion.  68°  52'  W.     Height,  22,350  feet. 

Sahara,  s&-ha,'r&  or  si'ha-r&,  or  Zahara,  z&-h&'r& 
(more  correctly  Sahra,  ^ahra,  or  Sahhra,  sih'h'ri), 
called  also  the  Great  Desert  (Fr.  Grand  Diaert,  grfiu" 
di^zaia' ;  Qer.  Die  Wu»te,  dee  ^iis't^h ;  L.  Deser'tum  Mag'- 
num),  a  vast  region  of  Northeast  Africa,  extending  from  the 
Atlantic  coast  on  the  W.  to  the  valley  of  the  Nile  on  the  E., 
between  15°  and  35°  N.  lat.  and  15°  "W.  and  35°  E.  Ion. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  about  3000  miles ;  average  breadth, 
about  900  miles.  Area,  2,000,000  square  miles.  The 
limits  of  the  Great  Desert  towards  the  N.  and  S.  do  not 
admit  of  being  fixed  with  precision.  On  the  E.  it  com- 
mences at  the  Libyan  Hills,  which,  in  Egypt,  confine  the 
valley  of  the  Nile  on  the  W.  On  the  S.  its  natural  boundary 
may  be  said  to  lie  in  about  lat.  17°  N. ;  yet  it  has  on  the  S. 
a  broad  seam  of  country,  too  dry  for  cultivation,  but  abound- 
ing in  excellent  pasturage  for  several  months  in  the  year, 
resembling  a  rich  park  about  midsummer,  while  at  other 
seasons  it  is  little  better  than  an  arid  and  desolate  waste. 
Such  seem  to  be  the  N.  districts  of  Darfoor  and  Wada.y. 
The  frontiers  of  Borneo,  also,  and  of  Houssa,  the  valley 
of  Kawar,  and  the  country  named  Asben,  of  which  Aga- 
dez  is  the  capital,  partake  at  once  of  the  characters  of  desert 
nnd  of  oasis  or  interspersed  fertile  land.  The  town  of  Tim- 
bnotoo,  about  8  miles  from  the  Niger  River,  is  surrounded 
by  desert.  But  at  a  distance  of  only  a  few  days'  journey 
to  the  N.E.  and  N.  are  the  oases  of  Mabrook  and  Arawan. 
Farther  W.  lies  Taudeny,  whence  rock  salt  is  obtained. 
The  N.  limit  of  the  Sahara  is  still  more  irregular  than  the 
8.  Wadinoon  may  be  assumed  to  be  its  commencement 
on  the  W.,  whence  its  general  direction  is  nearly  on  the 
■ame  parallel,  approaching  the  Mediterranean  as  it  extends 
E.,  till  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  it  reaches  the  margin  of  the 


sea.  The  oases  of  Tooat,  Fezzan,  and  Seewah  (Siwah)  art 
near  or  on  the  N.  limit. 

The  Sahara  is  traversed  in  many  directions  by  caravan- 
routes,  travellers  on  which  undergo  intense  sufiferings  from 
thirst  and  from  exposure  to  the  Simoom.  Rain  appears  to 
fall  in  torrents  at  intervals  of  five,  ten,  or  twenty  years. 
In  summer  the  heat  during  the  day  is  excessive,  but  the 
nights  are  frequently  cold ;  in  winter  the  temperature  is 
sometimes  below  the  freezing-point.  Ice  has  been  found 
in  Fezzan,  and  also  on  the  Nile,  in  Upper  Egypt. 

The  Great  Desert  may  be  generally  described  as  an  ele- 
vated table-land  covered  with  large  blocks  of  stone,  hard- 
baked  earth,  gravel,  or  loose  sand;  in  many  places  it  is  in- 
crusted  with  salt,  and  granite  occasionally  breaks  through 
the  sandstone  covering  of  the  waste.  Towards  Egypt  lime- 
stone comes  into  view.  Ferruginous  sandstone  is  common, 
and  many  rocky  spots,  chiefly  in  the  W.  desert,  S.  of  Wady 
Noon,  are  said  to  contain  iron.  Copper  was  once  obtained 
in  abundance  from  the  hills  N.  of  Agadez ;  but  at  present 
the  only  mineral  which  increases  the  resources  of  the  Sa- 
hara is  salt,  excavated  at  Taudeny,  on  the  route  from  Tim- 
buctoo  to  Wadinoon,  at  Bilma,  in  the  country  of  the  Tib- 
boos,  and  elsewhere. 

In  the  desert,  properly  so  called,  there  is  little  of  animal 
or  of  vegetable  life.  The  large  animals  which  characterize 
South  Africa  are  here  wholly  wanting.  A  few  species  of 
antelopes  are  met  with  in  favored  spots.  The  lion  avoids 
the  parched  country.  Lizards,  jerboas,  and  serpents  of 
many  kinds  retain  undisturbed  possession  of  the  burning 
sands.  The  land-tortoise,  of  great  size,  is  said  to  be  com- 
mon towards  the  S.,  where  bushes  grow.  Prickly  sainfoin 
"and  other  tough  and  humble  plants  prevail.  As  the  coun- 
try improves,  the  Acacia  ferruginea  appears,  then  thetalha 
{Acacia  Arahica)  and  other  trees,  till  the  doum  and  date- 
palms  mark  the  limits  of  the  desert.  Yet  the  date-palm 
itself  usually  thrives  best  beyond  the  limit  of  the  rains. 
In  Fezzan  and  other  tracts,  where  the  date-groves  consti- 
tute the  wealth  of  the  inhabitants,  heavy  rains  often  prove 
fatal  to  the  trees,  by  dissolving  and  carrying  to  their  rooti 
the  salt  formed  on  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

SaharaAvan,  Beloochistan.     See  Sarawan. 

Saharunpoor,  India.    See  Seharunpoor. 

Saheewal,  Saihewal,  or  Sahiwal,  s&-hee'w&l,  a 
town  of  India,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Shahpoor.     Pop.  8900. 

Sahibgunge,  a  town  of  India.    See  Gaya. 

Sahwatch,  Colorado.    See  Saguache. 

Sai,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Zai. 

Sai,  si,  a  large  town  of  Senegambia,  state  of  Bambarra^ 
on  the  Joliba,  between  Sego  and  Yamina. 

Said,  the  name  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Saeed. 

Saida,  or  Sayda,  si'dS,,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1616. 

Saida,  si'd&  (Fr.  Sa'ide,  sid;  anc.  Si'don),  a  maritime 
town  of  Syria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  lat.  33°  34'  N.,  Ion. 
35°  21'  E.,  20  miles  S.  of  Beyroot.  Pop.  11,000,  of  whom 
three-fourths  are  Mohammedans.  It  is  badly  laid  out ;  but 
it  contains  large  inns  and  well-supplied  bazaars,  and  its 
vicinity  abounds  with  orchards  and  plantations.  It  has  7 
mosques  and  5  churches,  and  Catholic  and  Protestant  schools. 
Its  harbor  was  in  the  sixteenth  century  rendered  unfit  for 
any  but  small  vessels,  and  its  commerce  has  declined  com- 
mensurately  with  the  rise  of  Beyroot,  yet  it  has  still  some 
trade  in  silk,  fruit,  tobacco,  and  oil.  The  original  Sidon 
was  a  city  of  the  highest  antiquity,  and  is  called  the  "great 
Zidon"  in  Joshua,  and  is  mentioned  by  Homer.  It  was  sub- 
sequently eclipsed  in  importance  by  "Tyre ;  but  it  remained 
a  place  of  consequence  long  after  the  Christian  era. 

Saidora,  sa-do'ra,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Mason 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Saif,  a  village  of  Arabia.    See  Fartash. 

Saigon,  sl-gon'  (Fr.  pron.  si'g&u"'),  or  Sai-Gun, 
si-gQn'  (called  by  the  natives  Looknooee,  or  Louk- 
noui,  look'noo'ee',  Ac),  a  city  of  Indo-China,  capital  of 
French  Cochin  China,  on  the  river  Saigon,  35  miles  from 
the  China  Sea.  Lat.  10°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  45'  E.  It  con- 
sists  of  3  towns,  Pingeh,  with  the  citadel,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Saigon,  the  commercial  town,  on  a  tributary  stream,  nav  • 
igable  for  large  boats,  and  the  native  quarter.  There  is 
also  a  straggling  suburb.  Saigon  is  regularly  built,  and  in- 
tersected by  canals,  some  of  which  are  lined  with  quays  of 
stone  and  brickwork.  The  citadel,  fortified  in  a  European 
fashion,  contains  barracks,  oflScers'  quarters,  and  the  gov- 
ernor's residence.  The  city'has  a  naval  yard  and  arsenal, 
floating  docks,  with  piers  and  basins  for  shipping,  a  palace, 
and  large  rice-magazines.  It  communicates  with  tne  Me- 
Kong  by  a  canal  23  miles  in  length,  and  has  a  foreign 


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trade,  chiefly  with  Slam  and  China.  It  has  2  colleges, 
convents,  an  orphanage,  a  splendid  botanical  garden,  and 
a  large  export  of  rice,  cinnamon,  Ac.  Saigon  is  the  most 
important  port  between  Singapore  and  Hong-Kong,  and 
since  1861,  under  French  influence,  it  has  greatly  improved. 
Pjp.  with  suburbs  (1890),  56,138. 

Sailim,  si'leem',  or  Saceram,  8&-s&-r&m',  a  town  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  district  of  Khoten.     Pop.  2000. 

Sailish  Indians,  Idaho.    See  Flathbad. 

SaillanS)  si^y&N*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drdme,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Valence,  on  the  DrSme.     Pop.  1746. 

Sail'or's  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  side  of 
Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Saima  (si'm&).  Lake,  the  largest  lake  of  Finland, 
Isen  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Viborg,  its  centre  being  about 
lat.  61°  20'  N.,  Ion.  28°  E.  Its  shape  is  very  irregular. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  45  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  30  miles. 
It  contains  many  islands,  is  connected  N.  with  numerous 
other  lakes,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Woxen  into  Lake  Ladoga. 

Saimra,  sim'ri,  a  town  of  India,  in  Agra.    Pop.  5704. 

Sainghin-en-Weppes,  8ANo^g&N»'-6No-v8pp,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles  from  Lille.     Pop.  2380. 

Sain-Kaleh,  sin-ki'I^h,  written  also  Sienkullah, 
a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  near  the  junction  of  two 
branches  of  the  Jaghatoo,  92  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tabreez. 

Sains,  s4n<>,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne,  19  miles  N. 
of  Laon.     Pop.  1799. 

Sains,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  4  miles 
from  Avesnes.  It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery  and  woollen 
yarn.     Pop.  2883. 

Sains,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Amiens.     Pop.  850. 

J2^~  In  accordance  with  the  general  plan  adopted  in 
this  work,  European  names — except  those  of  a  compara- 
tively few  well-known  places  that  have  acquired  an  estab- 
lished English  spelling — are  given  as  they  are  written  in 
the  language  of  the  respective  countries  to  which  they  be- 
long, those  of  Russia  and  Turkey  excepted.  Accordingly, 
names  with  the  prefix  of  Saint  before  a  feminine  name  in 
France  or  the  French  colonies  should  be  written  Sainte, 
the  final  e  of  this  prefix  being  taken  into  account  in  the 
alphabetical  arrangement.  Thus,  Saintb-Anne  and  Sainte- 
Croix,  <fcc.,  would  come  between  Saint  Dizier  and  Saint- 
Florent.  Names  with  this  prefix  in  Germany  should  be 
given  under  Sanct  ;  those  of  Spanish  and  Italian,  if  mas- 
culine, for  the  most  part  under  San,  if  feminine  under 
Santa  ;  Portuguese,  Sao  (Santo  before  a  name  beginning 
with  a  vowel,  as  Santo  Antonio),  feminine  Santa.  Mas- 
culine names,  however,  in  Italian  beginning  with  a  vowel 
have  Sant',  as  Sant'  Andrea,  Sant'  Oreste.  In  a  few 
instances,  Santo  is  employed  as  a  prefix  to  Spanish  mascu- 
line names,  as  Santo  Domingo,  Santo  Tomas.  Dutch  names 
have  either  Sanct  or  Sant,  but  usually  the  latter.  Hun- 
garian names  have  Szent. 

Saint- Afirique,  s5,Nt  irfreek',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  on  the  Sorgue,  50  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Rodez. 
Pop.  6572.  It  has  manufactures  of  serge,  woollen  cloth, 
leather,  cotton  goods,  wine,  <fec. 

Saint  Ag'atha,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Onta- 
rio, 7  miles  W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Ag'nes,  a  parish  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  on  the  Bristol  Channel,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Truro. 
Pop.  6164.  The  harbor  can  be  entered  only  at  high  water. 
St.  Agnes'  Beacon,  in  the  vicinity,  rises  664  feet. 

Saint  Agnes,  s^nt  ag'niz,  the  southernmost  of  the 
Scilly  Islands,  on  the  coast  and  included  in  the  co.  of 
Cornwall.  Lat.  49°  53'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  20'  7"  W.  On  it  is 
a  light-house.     Pop.  179. 

Saint-Aignan,  siNt  in^yftN*',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loir-et-Cher,  22  miles  S.  of  Blois,  on  the  Cher.     Pop.  2597. 

Saint  Aim6,  siNt  i^mi',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co. 
of  Richelieu,  on  the  Yamaska,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  5  stores,  several  mills,  a  church,  convent,  and  college. 

Saint-Alban,  s^Nt  4rb6H»',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Lozere.     Pop.  1148. 

Saint  Alban,  sS,Nt  4rb6N<»',  a  post-village  in  Quebec, 
00.  of  Portneuf,  15  miles  from  Ste.  Anne  de  la  Perade.  It 
has  3  stores  and  a  saw-  and  carding-mill. 

Saint  Albans,  s^nt  awl'banz,  a  city  of  England,  co. 
of  Hertford,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Lon- 
^^n.  The  borough  comprises  the  site  of  the  ancient  town 
oi  /Verulam,  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Britons 
b^ore  London.  In  the  vicinity  was  an  ancient  abbey  of 
Benedictines,  now  restored  and  made  one  of  the  finest 
^thedral  churches  in  England.  St.  Albans  became  a 
Wshop's  see  in  1876.     Pop.  (1891)  12,898. 


Saint  Albans,  s§nt  awl'banz,  a  township  of  HaB> 
cock  CO.,  111.     Pop.  1147. 

Saint  Albans,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  in 
St.  Albans  township,  on  the  outlet  of  a  small  lake,  about 
33  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  several  saw-mills,  and  other  mills,  for  which  the 
outlet  afi"ords  motive-power.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1675. 

Saint  Alban's,  Minnesota.    See  Minnetonka. 

Saint  Albans,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  34  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Saint  Alban's,  township.  Licking  co.,  0.    Pop.  1110. 

Saint  Albans,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of 
Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Albans  township,  3  miles  E.  of 
Lake  Champlain,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington, 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Rouse's  Point,  and  59  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montpelier.  It  is  connected  with  all  these  places  by  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  an 
elevated  plain,  with  a  park  of  4  acres  in  the  centre,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  several  churches,  a 
first-class  hotel,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  rolling- 
mill,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  locomotives  and  railroad- 
cars,  owned  by  the  railroad  company.  One  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  quantities  of 
butter  are  exported  from  this  place,  mostly  to  Boston.  The 
township  of  St.  Albans  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  picturesque 
scenery.     Pop.  of  village,  about  6000;  of  township,  7771. 

Saint  Albans  (formerly  Coalsmouth),  a  post- vil- 
lage of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Kanawha  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Coal  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  2  large  saw- 
mills, and  a  tobacco-factory.  Coal  is  shipped  here.  Pop. 
about  1500. 

Saint  Albans  Bay,  a  post-village  in  St.  Albans  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  about  26  miles 
N.  of  Burlington,  and  3  miles  W.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Saint  Alban's  Head,  a  promontory  of  England,  on 
the  coast  of  Dorset.  Summit,  441  feet  high.  Lat.  50°  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  10'  W.     It  is  sometimes  called  St.  Adhelm's  Head. 

Saint  Ai'bert,  a  town  of  the  North-West  Territories, 
Canada,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Edmonton,  and  near  the  head 
of  Sturgeon  River,  a  tributary  of  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Saskatchewan.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
and  has  a  convent,  a  girls'  academy,  and  a  seminary. 

Saint  Albert,  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Que- 
bec, 8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arthabaska  Station.  It  has  steam 
saw-mills.     Pop.  371. 

Saint  Alexandre,  s&Nt  &M£k^E&Nd'r',  a  village  in  Ka- 
mouraska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  115 
miles  below  Quebec.     It  contains  5  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Alexandre,  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  36  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  800. 

Saint  Alexis,  siNt  iMfik^seess',  a  post- village  in  Mont- 
calm CO.,  Quebec,  12  miles  N.W.  of  L'Assomption. 

Saint  Alphonse,  siNt  irf6Nz',  a  post-village  in  Jo- 
liette  CO.,  Quebec,  57  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores,  mills,  and  potash-factories.  A  gold-mine  ia 
worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Alphonse  de  la  Grande  Baie.    See  Bagot- 

VILLE. 

Saint- Amand,  Belgium.     See  Sant  Amand. 

Saint- Amand,  s§nt  i^mind'  (Fr.  pron.  siNt  i^miw';, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges,  on 
the  Cher,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Marmande.  Pop.  7719.  It 
has  a  communal  college,  tanneries,  forges,  foundries,  and 
manufactures  of  porcelain. 

Saint- Am  and,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nievre,  arrondissement  of  Cosne.     Pop.  1443. 

Saint- Amand,  or  Saint- Amand-les-Eaux,  s&Nt 
i^m&H«'  liz  6  (anc.  Amandop'olia  ?),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Nord,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Valenciennes,  on  the 
Scarpe.  Pop.  7243.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  i« 
much  frequented  for  its  thermal  baths.  It  is  the  centre  of 
the  cultivation  of  flax  for  the  manufacture  of  cambrics,  and 
has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  linseed  oil,  soap, 
leather,  porcelain,  hosiery,  and  chain  cables,  with  fine  ruins 
of  a  Benedictine  abbey. 

Saint-Amandin,  siNt  i,*m5N<»'diN»',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Cantal,  arrondissement  of  Murat.     Pop.  1245. 

Saint-Amans,  siNt  k'mbif',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  arrondissement  of  Espalion.     Pop.  1278. 

Saint-Amans,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  arron- 
dissement of  AngoulSme.     Pop.  1732. 

Saint-Amans,  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  arron- 
dissement of  Castres,  an  the  Thor^.     Pop.  2084. 


"^ 


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I 


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2335 


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_  Saint- Amarin,  siNt  i^miViu"'  (Ger.  Sand  Amary, 
■Inkt  &'m&-ree^),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Belfort.  Pop.  2025.  It  is  the  centre  of  extensive 
cotton- factories. 

Saint  Ambroise  de  Kildare.    See  Kildare. 

Saint  Ambroise   de  la   Jeune    Lorette.    See 

LORETTE. 

Saint- AmbroiX)  s&Nt  ANo'brwi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gard,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Alais.  Pop.  3410.  It  has  a  silk- 
mill  and  a  zinc-foundry. 

Saint  Ambrose^  s^nt  am'brSz,  an  island  of  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  in  lat.  26°  21'  S.,  Ion.  80°  10'  W. 

Saint-Amour*  s&Nt  i^mooR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Jura,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.  Pop.  1911.  It 
has  extensive  iron-foundries  and  tanneries,  and  is  cele- 
brated for  the  number  of  sieges  it  has  sustained. 

Saint  Anaclet,  s4Nt  &^n&^kli',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  below  Rimouski. 

Saint-And^ol-de-Bourlengf  s&Nt  An<>M&'o1'  d^h 
boouMftN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  ArdSche.     Pop.  1510. 

Saint-And^ol-de-Fourchades,  s&Nt  dK»Md.^ol' 
d^h  foou^shW,  a  village  of  France,  in  Arddche. 

Saint  Andr^,  siNt  duoMri',  a  post-village  in  Ka- 
mouraska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  111 
miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Andr^  Avelin,  siNt  6N<»^dri'  lV§h-l4No',  a  post- 
village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Papineau- 
ville.     It  has  7  stores  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Andr6  d'Acton.     See  Acton  Vale. 

Saint- Andr6-de-CubzaC)  siNt  6N»Mri'  d§h  kiib^- 
s4k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Bor- 
deaux, near  the  Dordogne.     Pop.  2595. 

Saint-Andr6-de-Sangonis,  s^Nt  dM<>Mrd,'  d^h 
sfiNo^go^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault.  Pop.  2402. 
Saint-Andr6  is  the  name  of  many  villages  in  France. 

Saint  An'drews,  an  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Guinea. 

Saint  An'drew's,  a  seaport  city  of  Scotland,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Fifeshire,  39  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Edinburgh. 
The  population  consists  chiefly  of  families  attracted  to  its 
educational  institutions,  the  principal  of  which  are  the  Uni- 
versity, the  oldest  in  Scotland,  founded  in  1411,  including 
St.  Leonard's  College,  founded  in  1512,  St.  Mary's,  founded 
in  1537,  and  St.  Salvator's,  founded  in  1455,  St.  Mary's  is 
the  divinity  college.  Here  also  is  the  Madras  College,  a 
large  school  founded  by  Rev.  Andrew  Bell  about  1832. 
This  city  was  created  a  royal  burgh  in  1140,  and  a  city  and 
archbishop's  see  in  1471,  and  was  the  scene  of  many  of  the 
most  remarkable  political  and  religious  events  in  the  his- 
tory of  Scotland.  The  town  is  a  place  of  summer  resort, 
and  is  noted  for  its  manufacture  of  golf  clubs  and  balls. 
The  castle  of  St.  Andrew's  was  built  in  the  twelfth  century, 
and  stood  upon  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  the  sea. 
Here  James  III.  was  born.  St.  Andrew's  unites  with  Cupar, 
Crail,  the  Anstruthers,  Kilrenny,  and  Pittenweem  in  send- 
ing a  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  6853. 

Saint  An'drew's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Walden,  and  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newburg. 

Saint  Andrew's,  a  township  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3277. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  South  River,  10  miles  from  Antigonish. 
It  has  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  7  miles  from  Lower  Stewiacke.     Pop.  130. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  160. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Charlotte,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Passamaquoddy  Bay,  on  a  narrow  slip  of  low  land  facing 
the  sea,  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  John,  and  3  miles  from 
the  shores  of  the  United  States.  The  lumber-trade  and 
ship-building  employ  the  larger  portion  of  the  inhabitants. 
The  harbor  is  entered  by  two  passes  leading  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river  St.  Croix.  The  town  is  well  built,  and  con- 
tains, besides  the  county  buildings,  5  churches,  a  grammar- 
school,  superior  school,  a  branch  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
United  States  consulate,  custom-house,  several  hotels,  and 
a  number  of  stores.  St.  Andrews  is  the  terminus  of  the 
New  Brunswick  A  Canada  Railway.     Pop.  1800. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  seaport  town  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  Kings  co.,  on  Cardigan  Bay.  Lat.  46°  10'  N.;  Ion. 
62°  35'  W.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  ship- 
building and  in  the  exportation  of  timber. 

Saint  Andrews,  Ontario.     See  Thistletown. 

Saint  An'drews,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Ar- 
genteuil,  on  the  North  River,  3  miles  from  its  junction 
witn  tbe  Ottawa,  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     It  has  4 


churches,  a  mechanics'  institute,  an  academy,  2  tanneries 
and  several  mills,  factories,  stores,  and  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Saint  Andrew's  Bay,  a  bay  of  very  irregular  shape, 
situated  in  Washington  co.,  on  the  S.  ooaat  of  Florida. 
Length,  nearly  25  miles. 

Saint  Andrew's  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Saint  Andrew's  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  between 
Papua  and  the  Pelew  Islands.    Lat.  6°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  128°  W. 

Saint  Andrew's  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Satilla  River. 

Saint- Angel,  s&Nt  6i)>^zhdl',  a  village  of  Franoe,  in 
CorrSze,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1595. 

Saint  Anicet,  s&Nt  &^nee^s&',  a  post-village  in  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
56  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     It  has  5  or  6  stores.     P.  660. 

Saint  Ann,  a  port  of  British  America,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Cape  Breton. 

Saint  Ann,  a  maritime  village  of  Jamaica,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  the  N.  coast,  20  miles  W.  of  Port  Maria. 

Saint  Ann,  Cape  Breton.    See  ExVglish  Town.' 

Saint  An'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co..  Wis., 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Saint  Anne,  ann,  a  post-village  in  St.  Anne  town- 
ship, Kankakee  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Eastern  Illinois 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  67  miles  S.  of  Chicago,  and  17  miles  N. 
of  Watseka.  It  has  an  institution  called  Saviour's  College 
(Presbyterian)  and  5  churches. 

Saint  Anne,  in  France,  the  French  colonies,  and 
Canada.     See  Sainte-Anne. 

Saint  Anne,  South  America.    See  Santa  Anna. 

Saint  Anne,  a  town  and  bay,  island  of  Nookaheeva, 
one  of  the  Marquesas.     Lat.  8°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  6'  E. 

Saint  Anne,  a  lake  of  Canada,  60  miles  N.  of  Lake 
Superior,  into  which  it  discharges  by  a  small  river.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  20  miles.     See  also  Sainte  Anne. 

Saint  Annie,  an'nee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.. 
Mo.,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Richland  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Ann's,  New  Brunswick.     See  Fredericton. 

Saint  Anns,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Jordan  River,  11  miles  from  Grimsby.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Ann's  Port,  Ireland.    See  Killocgh. 

Saint  Anselme,  s&Nt  Sn^^sSIm',  a  post-village  in 
Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon. 
It  contains  a  church,  an  iron-foundry,  a  cotton-  and  wool- 
len-factory, saw-  and  grist-mills,  engineering-  and  mill- 
wright-works, and  7  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Ansgar,  anz'gar,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co., 
Iowa,  in  St.  Ansgar  township,  on  the  Cedar  River,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City,  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Osage.    It  has  a  bank,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill,  a  news- 

faper  ofSce,  and  several  general  stores  and  business  houses, 
t  is  in  a  farming  region.  Pop.  in  1890,  609  j  of  the  town- 
ship, 1200. 

Saint-Anth^me,  s§,Nt  6N°Haim',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  on  the  Ance,  9  miles  E.  of  Ambert.    P.  920. 

Saint  Anthony,  an'to-ne,  a  post-office  of  Bingham 
CO.,  Idaho. 

Saint  Anthony,  a  post-bamlet  of  Dubois  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  12  miles  from  Ferdinand  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  a 
blacksmith-shop,  <tc.     Pop.  about  150. 

Saint  Anthony,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa, 
17  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Marshalltown,  the  capital  of 
the  county.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  lumber-mill,  and  general 
stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  150. 

Saint  Anthony,  a  township  of  Hennepin  oo.,  Minn. 

Saint  Anthony,  Falls  of.    See  Minneapolis. 

Saint  Anthony  in  Roseland,  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Cornwall,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Falmouth  harbor,  3 
miles  E.  of  Falmouth.  Here  is  St.  Anthony's  Point  light- 
house, 62  feet  high,  with  a  revolving  light,  72  feet  above 
high  water,  which  can  be  seen  13  miles  distant. 

Saint  Anthony's  Nose,  N.Y.   See  Anthont's  Nosx. 

Saint- Antoine,  s&Nt  ftM«Hw&n',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Is^re,  5^  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Marcellin.  Pop. 
1 846.  It  takes  its  name  from  a  celebrated  abbey,  the  church 
of  which  is  still  preserved.  There  are  several  villages  in 
France  of  the  same  name. 

Saint  Antoine,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Verohdres 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  15  miles  N.  of  St. 
Hilaire.     Pop.  1663. 

Saint  Antoine  Abb6,   or  Starnesboroogh,  a 

Eost-village  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,   15  miles   from 
[emingford.     It  contains  2  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  206. 


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Saint  Antoine  de  Tilly,  siNt  ftN»Hwin'  d^h  tee^- 
yee',  a  post-village  in  Lotbiniere  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It 
contains  a  church,  6  stores,  4  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
carding-  and  fulling-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Saint- Antonin,  siNt  6H»Ho'n^N"',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Tarn-et-Garonne,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Montau- 
ban,  on  the  Aveyron.  It  has  tanneries,  linen-manufac- 
tories, and  dye-works.     Pop.  2520. 

Saint  Antonin,  sixt  6N»Ho^nS.N"',  a  post-village  in 
Temisconata  oo.,  Quebec,  15  miles  W.  of  Armand.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Antony,  Brazil.    See  Santo  Antonio. 

Saint  Antony,  Cape  Verd  Islands.  See  San  Antonio. 

Saint  Apollinaire,  s&Nt  i^poPle-naiR',  a  post-village 
In  Lotbiniere  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Black  River  Sta- 
tion. It  contains  a  church,  5  saw-mills,  a  carding-mill, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Ar'mand,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
414.     It  contains  Bloomingdale. 

Saint  Armand  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi 
CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  from  St.  Armand  Station.    Pop.  100. 

Saint  Armand  Station  (formerly  Moore's  Cor- 
ners), a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad,  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montreal. 

Saint-Armel,  siNt  aa^mfil',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  with  a  small  port  on  the  coast.     It  exports  salt. 

Saint- Arnoult-en-Iveline,8ANtaR^noo'6N»eeV?h- 
leen',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Rambouillet.     Pop.  1395. 

Saint  Ars^ne,  siNt  ar^san',  a  post-village  in  Temis- 
couata  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Riviere  du  Loup  en  Bas.    Pop.  800. 

Saint  Asaph  (az'af),  an  episcopal  city  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Flint,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denbigh.  The  only  building 
of  note  is  the  cathedral.     Pop.  1900, 

Saint  A'saph  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Alexandria 
<fc  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Alexandria,  Va. 

Saint- Astier,  s3,Nt  iste-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  9i  miles  S.W.  of  P6rigueux.     Pop.  1880. 

Saint  Athanase,  s&xt  iH&^niz',  or  Iberville,  i'b^r- 
vil  (formerly  Christieville),  a  town  of  Quebec,  capital 
of  the  00.  of  Iberville,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  opposite  St. 
John's.  It  has  2  churches,  several  hotels  and  stores,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  tannery,  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  2000. 

Saint  Aubert,  s&Nt  o^bair',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  10  miles  from  Cambrai.  It  has  manufactures  of 
batiste,  Ac.     Pop.  2505. 

Saint  Au'bert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  oo..  Mo.,  in 
St.  Aubert  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  about 
20  miles  below  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1139.  St.  Aubert  Station  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad  is  in  Osage  co.,  105  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  on  the  river,  opposite  this  hamlet. 

Saint  Aubert,  siNt  o'bair',  a  post-village  in  L'Islet 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Trois  Saumons,  2  miles  from  St. 
Jean  Port  Joli.    It  has  2  stores  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  250. 

Saint-Aubin,  siNt  5^biN»',  is  the  name  of  many  vil- 
lages in  France. 

Saint  Aubin,  a  town  and  fortress  in  the  island  of 
Jersey,  on  the  W.  side  of  St.  Aubin's  Bay,  5  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  St.  Helier.     Pop.  2070. 

Saint- Aubin-du- Cormier,  siNt  o^biNo'  dii  koR^- 
me-i',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  FougSres.     Pop.  1150. 

Saint  Augusta,  aw-gus'ta,  a  post-village  of  Stearns 
ioo.,  Minn.,  in  St.  Augusta  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  6  miles  below  St.  Cloud.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  714. 

Saint  Augus'tin,  a  river  and  bay  of  Labrador,  in 
British  North  America,  near  the  S.  entrance  of  the  Strait 
of  Belle  Isle.     Lat.  51°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  W. 

Saint  Augustin  de  Montreal,  siNt  o'giisHiN»' 
d^h  m6N»Hri^il',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Two  Moun- 
tains, on  the  river  Petit  Chicot,  27  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 
Pop.  200. 

Saint  Augustin  de  Quebec,  siNt  o^gUsHiN"'  d§h 
ki^bSk',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Portneuf,  13  miles 
above  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  bay  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Mada- 
gascar.    Lat.  23°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  45'  E. 

Saint  Augustine,  s§nt  aw-gust'in  (or  aw'gus-teen^), 
a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Matanzas  Sound,  2  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  about 
36  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  The  site  is 
a  plain  only  a  few  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  Catholic  cathedral,  5  churches,  a 


convent,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Peabody  Institute,  and 
several  of  the  finest  hotels  in  the  world.  The  famous  Ponce 
de  Leon  hotel  is  a  Moorish  Palace  costing  nearly  a  mil- 
lion dollars.  St.  Augustine  has  a  commodious,  but  shallow, 
harbor,  defended  by  Port  Marion,  which  was  built  by  the 
Spaniards  more  than  100  years  ago.  The  mildness  of  the 
climate  renders  it  an  attractive  place  of  winter  residence 
for  invalids,  and  it  is  now  pre-eminently  the  most  fashion- 
able winter  resort  in  America.  The  city  was  settled  by 
the  Spaniards  about  1565,  and  is  the  oldest  town  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  and  is  situated 
on  the  line  of  the  Jacksonville,  St.  Augustine  A  Indian 
River  Railway,  a  trunk  line  extending  from  the  N.  to  the 
S.  portion  of  the  state  of  Florida,  with  connections  to  the 
interior.     Pop.  in  1890,  4742. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  in 
Indian  Point  township,  16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Galesburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Elkton.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Augustine,  Texas.    See  San  Augustine. 

Saint  Augustine,  Brazil.  See  Cape  Saint  Augustikb. 

Saint  Aus'tell,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Truro.  Pop.  14,246.  It  has  some 
manufactories  of  woollens,  but  the  chief  trade  is  the  exporta- 
tion of  tin  and  copper  from  the  mines  in  the  vicinity.  The 
pilchard-fishery  is  also  extensively  carried  on  in  the  Bay 
of  St.  Austell. 

Saint-Avoid,  a  town  of  Germany.  See  Sanct  Avold. 

Saint- Barbant,  s&v  ban^bfiN"',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute- Vienne,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1320. 

Saint  Barnab^,  siN»  baR^ni^bi',  a  post-village  in 
St.  Hyacinthe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Yamaska,  9  miles 
N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 

Saint  Barnab6,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  St. 
Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Yamachiche.  The 
village  contains  several  saw-  and  grist-mills  and  5  or  6 
stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Barth^lemi,  siN°  baRHiM^h-nxce',  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal, 
and  10  miles  from  Berthier  en  Haut.  It  has  several  stores, 
and  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  800. 

Saint-Barth6lemy,  siN»  baRHiM§h-mee',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  near  Marraande.     Pop.  1299. 

Saint-Barth^lemy,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  arrondissement  of  Angers.     Pop.  1266. 

Saint-Barth^lemy-de-Vals,  siN«  baRHiM^h-mee' 
d^h  vil,  a  village  of  France,  in  Drdme,  arrondissement  of 
Valence.     Pop.  1425. 

Saint-Barth61emy-le-Pin,  siN»  baRHiM^h-mee' 
l?h  piN<»,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardeche,  near  Tournon. 

Saint  Barthol'omew  (Sw.  Bartolomdus,  bar-to-lo- 
mi'us ;  Fr.  Saint- Bar thilemy),  an  island  of  the  West  Indies, 
30  miles  W.  of  St.  Christopher.  In  1878  it  was  ceded  by 
Sweden  to  France.  Lat.  of  E.  point,  17°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  62» 
52'  W.  Area,  35  square  miles.  Pop.  2374.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular.  The  soil  is  fertile,  though  the  island  is 
remarkably  destitute  of  fresh  water.  The  products  are 
sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  and  cacao.  Being  surrounded  by 
rocks  and  shoals,  it  is  difficult  of  access,  but  the  Careenage, 
on  its  W.  side,  is  a  good  harbor,  and  near  it  is  Gustavia,  the 
capital  of  the  island. 

Saint  Basil,  skv°  bi^zeel',  a  post-village  in  Portneuf 
CO.,  Quebec,  7  miles  N.  of  Portneuf.     Pop.  300. 

Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois,  siN«  bo^zeel'  d^h  pii- 
twi',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montpellier.     Pop.  1829. 

Saint-B^at,  siN»  bi^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  near  its  source,  17  miles  S.  of 
Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1091. 

Saint  Beatenberg.    See  Sanct  Beatenberg. 

Saint  Bees,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  coast,  and  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Egre 
mont.  A  monastery  founded  here  by  St.  Bega  about  650 
was  destroyed  by  the  Danes,  and  rebuilt  in  the  thirteenth 
century.  St.  Bees  College  (a  divinity  school)  and  the 
grammar-school  are  institutions  of  note.  The  village  is 
very  ancient,  and  stands  on  the  side  of  the  bay  formed  by 
St.  Bees  Head.     Lat.  54°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  38'  W. 

Saint  Ben'edict,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Benedicto,  island  of  the  Pacific.  See  NubladA. 

Saint  B6nott,  siN"  bi-nwi',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Reunion,  one  of  the  Mascarene  group,  on  its  N.E.  side,  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Denis.     Pop.  20,000. 

Saint  B6noit,8iN<>  bi-nwi',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
00.  of  Two  Mountains,  33  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  » 
church,  and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  250 


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Saint-B^nott-de-Leyssieu,  s&n*  b&-nw3,'  d^h 
I4«'se-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Belley. 

Saint-B6nolt-sur-Iioire,  s^n"  bi-nwi'  bUb  IwaR, 
a  town  of  France,  Loiret,  arrondissement  of  Gien.     P.  1648. 

Saint-Bernard,  s^nt  b§r-nard'  (Fr.  pron.  skTSf  bfin^- 
nan' ;  ano,  Mons  Jo'via  ?),  a  mountain-pass  in  tbe  chain  of 
the  Alps,  between  Piedmont  and  the  Valais.  It  owes  its 
modern  name  to  the  great  celebrity  of  the  Hospice,  said  to 
hare  been  founded  by  Bernard  de  Menthon  in  862  for  the 
Buccor  of  travellers.  The  hospice,  a  strong  stone  building, 
is  situated  on  the  summit  of  the  pass,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Aosta,  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Martigny,  at  an  elevation  of 
8150  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  the  highest  habi- 
tation In  the  Alps,  and  the  cold  is  so  intense  that  a  small 
lake  in  its  vicinity  is  frozen  over  nine  months  in  the  year. 
During  the  whole  year  the  monks  of  St.  Augustine,  with 
their  valuable  dogs,  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  assist 
travellers  arrested  by  the  snow,  which  in  winter  accumu- 
lates to  a  depth  of  from  10  to  40  feet.  In  the  chapel  is  a 
monument  to  General  Desaix,  erected  by  Napoleon  in  1805. 
This  gorge,  which  was  traversed  by  Roman  armies,  by 
Charlemagne,  and  by  Frederick  Barbarossa,  is  chiefly  cele- 
brated for  the  passage  of  Bonaparte  at  the  head  of  the 
French  army,  from  the  15th  to  the  21st  of  May,  1800. 

Saint  Bernard,  Little,  a  mountain  of  the  Graian 
Alps,  S.  of  Mont  Blanc.     Elevation  of  convent,  7076  feet. 

Saint  Ber'nard',  a  parish  in  the  extreme  S.E.  part 
of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is 
a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake 
Borgne.  The  surface  is  level.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Sugar,  molasses,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  New  Orleans  & 
Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  St.  Bernard.  Pop,  in  1870, 
3553;  in  1880,  4405;  in  1890,  4326. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  <fc 
Southwestern  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  Coal  is 
shipped  here  in  barges. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  St. 
Bernard  parish,  La.,  is  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  14  miles  below  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Saint  Bernard,  apost-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Que- 
bec, 18  miles  S.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Bernardin,  and  Saint  Bernardino.  See 
San  BERNAnDiNo. 

Saint  Bernice,b^r'niss,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co., 
Ind.,  at  Jonestown,  a  hamlet  about  20  miles  N.  of  Terre 
Haute.     Pop.  102. 

Saint  Bethlehem,  Tennessee.    See  Cherry's. 

Saint  Bias,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  San  Blas. 

Saint  Bias,  Florida.    See  Cape  San  Blas. 

Saint  Bonaventure,  sS,no  bo*na,ViN<»HiiR',  a  post- 
village  in  Drummond  co.,  Quebec,  30  miles  from  St.  Hya- 
cinthe. 

Saint  Bon'iface,  a  post-village  of  Manitoba,  on  Red 
River,  opposite  Winnipeg.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  archbishop,  and  of  a  college,  seminary,  convent, 
academy,  &o.,  also  a  hospital  and  orphan  house. 

Saint  Boniface,  Quebec.    See  Shawenegan. 

Saint  Bonifacius,  bon^e-fa'sh^-us,  a  post-office  of 
Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  about  35  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Saint  Bonifacius,  a  post-haml6t  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint-Bonnet-le- Chateau,  skv  bon^ni'  l^h  shaf- 
ts', a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  13  miles  S.  of  Montbrison. 
Pop.  2351. 

Saint  Brelade  (Fr.  pron.  siN»  br^h-lid'),  a  village 
of  Jersey,  on  St.  Brelade's  Bay,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the 
island,  and  IJ  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Aubin. 

Saint-Brice,  83,n»  breeoe,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Haute-Vienne,  near  Rochechouart.     Pop.  1307. 

Saint  Bride's  Bay,  Wales,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea, 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  county  of  Pembroke,  having  at 
its  entrance  Ramsey  and  Skomer  Islands.  St.  David's  is 
the  principal  place  on  its  shores, 

^  Saint  Bridget,  brij'^t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Seneca.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Saint  Bridget,  Quebec.    See  Sainte  Brigide. 

Saint-Brieuc  (or  -Brieux),  s&n»  bre-uh'  (anc.  Brto- 
eum  ?),  a  town  of  France,  Cates-du-Nord,  238  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Paris,  on  the  Gouet,  2J  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Bay 
of  Saint-Brieuc.  Lat.  48°  31'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  45'  6"  W. 
Pop.  13,683.  It  has  an  old  cathedral,  a  statue  of  Du  Gnes- 
clin,  a  lycie  or  college,  a  public  library,  and  a  chamber  of 


commerce.  Its  port  is  at  the  village  of  Legu6, 1  mile  lower 
on  the  Gouet,  where  there  are  a  custom-house,  building-yards 
for  ships,  and  an  extensive  export  and  import  trade.  Grain, 
hemp,  butter,  cider,  and  cattle  are  exported  hence.  It  has 
granite-quarries,  tanneries,  cotton-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  woollen  cloth,  Ac. 

Saint  Brn'no  (formerly  BoQcherville  Station),  a 
post-village  in  Chambly  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  15  miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  309. 

Saint  Cajetan,  Quebec.    See  Armagh. 

Saint-Calais,  s5,no  klMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Le  Mans,  on  the  Anille.  Pop.  3000.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs,  serges,  and 
leather. 

Saint  Camille,  s&n*  ki^meel',  a  post-village  in  Wolfe 
CO.,  Quebec,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.   Pop.  of  parish,  600. 

Saint  Canute,  ka-nut',  a  post-village  in  the  eo.  of 
Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  39  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Casimir,  siN*  ki^see^mecR',  a  post-village  in 
Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ste.  Anne,  6  miles  from 
Ste.  Anne  de  la  Perade.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills 
and  6  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  350. 

Saint  Catharine,  kath'a-rin,  a  post-village  of  Linn 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Yellow  Creek  township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St. 
Joseph  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  30  miles 
W.  of  Macon.  It  has  an  academy,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  wool, 
tobacco,  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  600. 

Saint  Catharine,  kath'a-rin,  a  town  of  Ontario, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on 
the  Great  Western  and  Welland  Railways,  32  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Hamilton,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Niagara.  It  is  the 
centre  of  a  large  and  rapidly  increasing  business,  and  con 
tains  7  churches,  3  branch  banks,  a  commercial  college, 
grammar-school,  convent,  general  hospital,  4  printing- 
offices,  from  which  2  daily  and  several  weekly  newspapers 
are  issued,  5  or  6  large  flouring-mills,  several  saw-  and 
planing-mills,  foundries  and  machine-shops,  sewing-ma- 
chine-factories, soap-  and  candle-factories,  tanneries,  wool  ■ 
len-mills,  breweries,  Ac.  Ship-building  is  also  extensively 
engaged  in,  St.  Catharines  is  celebrated  for  its  mineral 
springs.     Pop.  in  1891,  9631. 

Saint  Cath'erine,  an  island  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  a  mile  from  the  mainland. 
Length,  nearly  15  miles.     Pop.  127. 

Saint  Cath'erines,  a  post-village  in  Portneuf  co., 
Quebec,  near  Lake  St.  Joseph,  25  miles  W.  of  Quebec. 

Saint  C^lestin,  si>-»  siMesHiN»',  a  post-village  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Three  Rivers  Railway,  25i  miles 
from  Arthabaska.  It  contains  5  or  6  saw-mills,  2  grist- 
mills, and  9  or  10  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Saint-Cer6,  s8,n»  s§h-ri',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Lot,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  3087. 

Saint-C6saire,  s&n"  si^ziR',  a  town  of  Quebec,  co.  of 
Rouville,  on  the  river  Yamaska,  33  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  2  foundries,  an  agricultural-implement  factory,  a 
boot-  and  shoe-factory,  several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding- 
mills,  a  college  containing  an  observatory  and  museum,  and 
a  large  trade.     Pop.  937. 

Saint-Chamas,  sis"  shi^m&s',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rh&ne,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Etang  de  Berre, 
and  on  the  railway  of  Avignon,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Pop.  2534.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  hill, 
through  which  runs  a  tunnel  200  feet  in  length.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  a  large  powder-magazine,  whence  Toulon 
is  supplied,  and  a  trade  in  oil  and  olives.  Near  it  is  the 
Pont  Flavien,  a  Roman  bridge,  at  each  end  of  which  is  a 
triumphal  arch. 

Saint-Chamond,  siN"  sh8,*m6N»',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Loire,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gier  and  Janon  Rivers, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne.  Pop.  14,420.  It  is 
well  built  and  thriving,  and  has  a  handsome  church,  good 
public  baths,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  numerous  looms 
for  cotton  and  silk  fabrics,  ribbons,  braids,  galloons,  Ac,  tan- 
neries, a  large  iron-forge,  and  nail-works.  In  its  vicinity 
are  many  coal-mines. 

Saint  Charles,  a  southeastern  parish  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  abrfut  288  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Pontchartrain,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Washa,  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  scarcely  higher  than  tbe  river.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Sugar-cane,  cotton,  and  rice  are  the  staples.  It 
is  traversed  by  four  railroads,— the  Southern  Pacific,  the 
Texas  A  Pacific,  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas,  and 
the  Illinois  Central.  Capital,  Hahnville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4867;  in  1880.  7161;  in  1890,  7737. 


SAI 


2338 


SAI 


Saint  Charles,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri, 
borders  on  Illinois.  Area,  about  520  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Copper  and  Mississippi  Rivers, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Missouri,  which  enters  the  Missis- 
Bippi  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  county.  It  is  also  drained 
by  Dardenne  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly 
level,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of 
oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  lime- 
stone. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
the  Cleveland,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad,  and  the 
St.  Louis  &  Hannibal  Railroad.  Capital,  St.  Charles.  Pop. 
in  1870,  21,304;  in  1880,  23,065;  in  1890,  22,977. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post- village  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
on  White  River,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Helena.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on 
the  Greenhorn  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post- village  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post- village  in  St.  Charles  township, 
Kane  co..  111.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  S. 
of  Elgin.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  which 
is  a  beautiful  and  rapid  stream  about  300  feet  wide  and 
affords  extensive  water-power  at  this  place.  The  village 
contains  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 
P(4».  in  1890,  1690;  of  the  township,  2678. 

saint  Charles,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
3093,  exclusive  of  Charles  City. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  South  township, 
Madison  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  156  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  parish. 
La.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  New 
Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  St.  Charles  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Bad  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
Beaver  Dam  Creek,  and  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Sagi- 
naw Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Owosso,  and  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Saginaw  City.  It  has  3  large  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory, 
a  shingle-mill,  and  3  churches.  Pop.  about  1000 ;  of  the 
township,  1341. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn., 
in  St.  Charles  township,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winona,  and  22  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Rochester.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  1202  ;  of  township,  820. 

Saint  Charles,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  St.  Charles 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  22  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  22  miles  by  railroad 
N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  and  is  44  miles  by  water  from  St.  Louis. 
It  is  built  on  an  elevated  site  near  rocky  bluffs  which  com- 
mand beautiful  views  of  the  river.  The  Mississippi  River 
approaches  within  5  or  6  miles  of  this  city.  St.  Charles 
contains  about  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks, 
Lindenwood  College  for  young  ladies,  St.  Charles  College 
for  males,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  or  4  weekly 
newspapers  (1  in  German).  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  manu- 
factures of  railroad-cars  and  flour,  and  a  large  establishment 
for  building  bridges,  which  employs  over  300  men  and  a 
capital  of  $1,500,000.  Quarries  of  limestone  and  mines  of 
coal  have  been  opened  near  this  place.    Pop.  in  1890,  6161. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-township  of  St.  Charles  co.. 
Mo.,  is  contiguous  to  the  city  of  the  same  name,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River.     Pop.  3479. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post- village  of  Cuming  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Elkhorn  River,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  Manitoba,  on  the 
Assiniboine  River,  8^  miles  from  Winnipeg.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  public  school,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Belle- 
ohasse,  on  the  river  Boyer,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 26  miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church,  7  stores, 
and  several  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  St.  Hyacinthe  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  8  miles  N.  of  St.  Hilaire 
Village.    It  has  5  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  800. 


Saint  Charles,  a  village  on  the  N.  side  of  the  rire 
St.  Charles,  opposite  the  city  of  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Charles  de  Stan'bridge,  a  post-village 
Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  3  miles  from  Des  Riviferes. 

Saint  Charles  du  Lac,  Quebec.    See  Lachemaib. 

Saint  Charles  Lake,  Quebec,  12  miles  N.N.W.  o| 
the  city  of  Quebec,  is  5  miles  in  length,  and  gives  rise  ■ 
the  St.  Charles   River,  which  joins  the  St.  Lawrence 
Quebec. 

Saint- Chely,  s&n<>  sh^h-lee',  a  town  of  France,  1^ 
Lozere,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1678. 

Saint-Chely-d'Aubrac,  s4n»  sh^h-lee'  dS^brlk', 
town  of  France,  Aveyron,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Rodez.   P.  1809.1 

Saint- Chinian,  Bkip>  shee^ne-AN<>',  a  town  of  France, 
in  H6rault,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montpellier.  It  has  ex- 
tensive manufactories  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  2690. 

Saint- Christophe,  si^'«  kreesHof,  numerous  villageii 
of  France,  the  principal  in  Indre-et-Loire,  18  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Tours.     Pop.  1234. 

Saint  Christophe  d'Arthabaska,  sky  kreesHof 
dar-ta-b&s'ka,  or  Arthabas'kaville,  an  incorporated 
village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Arthabaska,  3  miles 
from  Arthabaska  Station.  It  contains,  besides  the  county 
buildings,  a  church,  a  printing-office,  2  hotels,  several 
stores,  a  potash-factory,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  flouring-mills. 
Pop.  730. 

Saint  Christopher  (kris'tg-f^r),  or  Saint  Kittys, 
one  of  the  British  West  India  Islands,  in  the  Leeward 
group,  lat.  17°  17'  N.,  Ion.  60°  42'  W.,  46  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Antigua.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  23  miles.  The 
island  is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  a  mountain-ridge  of 
volcanic  origin,  from  which  the  land  gradually  and  uni- 
formly slopes  to  the  sea.  It  has  a  rich,  fertile,  and  highly 
cultivated  soil ;  pasture  and  woodlands  ascend  almost  to  the 
mountain-summits.  Four  rivers  water  this  island,  and 
there  are  ponds  producing  abundance  of  salt.  The  climate 
is  dry  and  healthy.  The  scenery,  especially  the  vale  of 
Basse-Terre,  is  rich  and  beautiful.  The  soil  is  particularly 
adapted  for  sugar-plantations.  The  chief  towns  are  Basse- 
Terre  (the  capital)  and  Sandy  Point.  The  island  belongr 
to  the  colony  of  Leeward  Islands,  but  has  also  a  local  gov- 
ernment and  legislature.  It  was  discovered  by  Colum- 
bus in  1493,  and  was  then  densely  peopled  by  Caribs.  In 
1625  it  was  simultaneously  taken  possession  of  by  colonies 
of  English  and  French,  and  divided  into  upper  and  lower 
portions.  From  that  period  it  became  the  scene  of  frequent 
and  bloody  contests  between  the  two  nations,  till  at  last  it 
was  finally  ceded  to  the  British  in  1783.     Pop.  28,169. 

Saint- Ciers,  siuo  se-4',  several  villages  of  France,  the 
principal  of  which  is  Saint-Ciers-la-Lande,  department  of 
Gironde,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Blaye.     Pop.  619. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Coosa  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Cahawba  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  grass,  and  Indian 
corn.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  inter 
sected  by  the  Queen  A  Crescent  Route,  the  Richmond  A 
Danville  Railroad,  the  Birmingham  &  Atlantic  Railroad, 
and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Ashville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9360;  in  1880,  14,462;  in  1890,  17,353. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  680-  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  is  intersected  by  the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  Richland  and  Silver  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  generally  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  white  oak,  red  oak,  elm,  ash,  black 
walnut,  maple,  honey-locust,  and  wild  cherry.  The  level 
bottoms  of  the  Mississippi  River  are  here  nearly  six  miles 
wide.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
pork,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products.  The  annual  pro- 
duction of  wheat  in  this  county  is  very  large.  Subcar- 
boniferous  limestone  and  sandstone,  both  good  materials 
for  building,  crop  out  in  this  county,  which  has  also  an 
abundance  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  several 
railroads, — the  Ohio  A  Mississippi,  the  Louisville  <fc  Nash- 
ville, the  Louisville,  Evansville  <fc  St.  Louis,  the  Mobile 
&  Ohio,  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute,  and  others. 
Capital,  Belleville.  Pop.  in  1870,  51,068 ;  in  1880,  61,806; 
in  1890,  66,671. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  about  705  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Lake  Huron  and  the  St.  Clair  River,  and  on  the  S. 
by  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Belle  and  Black 
Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  Mill  Creek.     The  surface  is 


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undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  pine,  &c.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  lumber,  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  <jb  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  and  the  Orand  Trunk  Railroad.  Capital, 
Port  Huron.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,661;  in  1880,  46,197;  in 
1890,  52,105. 

^aint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  ah  area  of  about  690  square  miles.  Jt  is  intersected  by 
the  Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Sac  River,  which 
enters  the  Osage  near  the  middle  of  the  county,  and  by 
Weaubleau  (or  Warbleau)  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  prairies  and  woodlands.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort 
Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas  City,  Osceola 
A  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Osceola.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6742;  in  1880,  14,125;  in  1890,  16,747. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala. 

Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  817. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Saint  Clair,  township,  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  310. 

Saint  Clair,  a  city  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  Pine  River,  and  on  the 
border  of  St.  Clair  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Port 
Huron,  and  48  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  contains 
a  union  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  2  breweries,  2  ship-yards,  a 
saw-mill,  4  brick-yards,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2353 ;  of  the  township,  excluding  the  city,  1807. 

Saint  Clan,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  56  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Maramec  River.     It  has  3  stores. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co.,  Neb. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  of  Churchill  co.,  Nevada. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
St.  Clair  township,  7  miles  N.  of  East  Liverpool.  It  has  2 
stores  and  a  mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1156. 

Saint  Clair,  a  village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Beaver  township,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  232. 

Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.     P.  2219. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
New  Castle  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  <fc 
Reading  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Potts ville,  and  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Ashland.  It  derives  its  prosperity  chiefly 
from  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  It  has  8  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  3  public  schools.     Pop.  (1890)  3680. 

Saint  Clair,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  ana  a 
station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Greens- 
burg.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Bradenville  Post-Office. 

Saint  Clair,  township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.    P.  777. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Whitesburg  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint  Claire,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Dor- 
chester, 12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It  has  6 
saw-mills  and  5  grist-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Clair,  Lake.    See  Lake  St.  Clair. 

Saint  Clair  River  is  t'ae  outlet  of  Lake  Huron,  and 
forms  the  boundary  between  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  and  the 
British  province  of  Ontario.  It  issues  from  the  southern 
end  of  Lake  Huron,  runs  nearly  southward  about  44  miles, 
and  enters  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  nearly  a  mile  wide,  and  is 
navigable  by  large  steamboats.  The  chief  towns  on  its 
banks  are  Port  Huron  and  Sarnia. 

Saint  Clair's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Saint  Clair  Springs,  a  hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  1^  miles  from  St.  Clair  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  mineral  spring. 

Saint  Clairs'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Richland  township,  on  the  National  Road,  11 
miles  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  on  the  Bellaire  &  St. 
Clairsville  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
a  union  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1191. 

Saint  Clairsville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
in  St.  Clair  township,  4  miles  from  Cessna  Station,  and 
about  26  miles  S.  of  Altoona.     It  has  3  chuiches.     P.  144. 

Saint  Clairtown,  Scotland.    See  Sinclairtown. 

Saint- Clar,  sine  klaR,  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Gers,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1658. 

Saint  Cla'ra,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va. 

Saint-Claude,  s&n*  kl5d,  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura, 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier,  at  the  confluence  of  the 

Mienne  and  Tacon.  Pop.  6632.  It  is  well  built,  is  orna- 
I 


mented  with  fountains,  and  has  a  communal  college  and  a 
chamber  of  manufactures  and  arts.   The  manufactures  com- 

Erise   articles   in   horn,  ivory,  and  wood,  buttons,  snuff- 
oxes,  toys,  jewelry,  watches,  hardwares,  leather,  paper, 
and  cotton  fabrics. 

Saint  Clear's,  or  Saint  Clare's,  a  boroagh  and 
parish  of  Wales,  9  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Carmarthen.  Pof . 
1043.     It  has  a  small  port  on  the  Taff. 

Saint-C16ment,  sIn"  kli^mAn"',  a  village  of  France, 
in  CorrSze,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1560. 

Saint-Cl6ment,  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche,  2i 
miles  N.E.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  1061. 

Saint- Clement -de -Montagne,  ekv  kl&^m&N<>' 
d^h  m6N<>H&n',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier,  13  miles 
S.S.E.  of  La  Palisse.     Pop.  1522. 

Saint-Cl6raent-des-Lev6e8,  sis»  kl4'm&»»'  dA 
l^h-vi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the 
Loire,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Saumur.     Pop.  1593. 

Saint  Clem'ents,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On 
tario,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Clem'ent's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  a  creek  or  inlet  which  opens  into  the  estuary  of 
the  Potomac,  about  44  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Saint  Clere,  kleer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansas,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Topeka.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Clet,  sky  kl&,  a  post-village  and  parish  in 
Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Coteau  Station. 

Saint-Cloud,  s^nt  kl5wd  (Fr.  pron.  skv  kloo),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine,  5^  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  4747.  The  fine 
ch&teau  of  Saint-Cloud,  originally  the  property  of  the  Duke 
of  Orleans,  was  long  the  favorite  residence  of  the  kings  of 
France.  It  has  an  extensive  park  and  elegant  fountains. 
The  fair  or  fete  of  Saint-Cloud  is  one  of  the  most  frequented 
in  the  environs  of  Paris. 

Saint  Cloud,  kl5wd,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Stearns 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  St.  Cloud  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  2 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  Sauk  River,  75  miles  by  railroad 
N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Sauk  Rapids.  It  is 
partly  built  on  a  high  bluff.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  a  state  normal  school,  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills,  a 
foundry,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  also  novelty-works,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  wagons,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  7686;  of  the  township, 
additional,  774.    The  river  aff'ords  abundant  water-power. 

Saint  Cloud,  Scott  co.,  Mo.     See  Syltania. 

Saint  Cloud,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Saint  Cloud,  a  post-village  in  Marshfield  township. 
Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  A  Fond  du  Lao 
Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  wooden-ware. 

Saint  Colomb,  Quebec.    See  Sillery  Cove. 

Saint  Colomban  de  Villars,  s&n<>  koM6M'bANo'  d^h 
vee^aR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  6i  miles  N.W.  of 
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne,  on  the  Glandon.     Pop.  1551. 

Saint  Columban,  s&n»  ko^IiiM^b&N»',  a  post-village  in 
the  CO.  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  40 
miles  from  Montreal. 

Saint  Columb  Major,  kol'ilm  m&'jor,  a  town  of 
England,  in  Cornwall,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Launceston.  P.  1115. 

Saint  Come,  s^n"  kom,  a  post-village  in  Joliette  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomption,  33  miles  from  Joliette. 
Pop.  150.     See  also  Marlow. 

Saint  Constant,  s&n<>  k6N<>^stAN<>',  a  post-Tillage  in 
Laprairie  co.,  Quebec,  on  Little  River  St.  Pierre,  6  milea 
from  Laprairie. 

Saint-Cosme,  s&m<>  kSm,  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Sarthe,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mamers.     Pop.  1770. 

Saint  Cristoval  de  la  Laguna,  also  called  La- 
guna,  a  town  of  Teneriffe.     See  San  Cristoval. 

Saint  Croix,  a  AVest  India  island.     See  Santa  Cruz. 

Saint  Croix,  8§nt  kroi',  also  called  Pas^sama- 
qnod'dy  and  Schoodic,  skoo'dik,  a  river  which  rises 
from  Grand  Lake,  on  the  border  between  Maine  and  New 
Brunswick,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  S.S.E.  direction,  but 
in  a  very  winding  course,  falls  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay. 
It  forms  the  boundary  for  its  whole  course  between  the 
United  States  and  New  Brunswick.     Length,  75  miles. 

Saint  Croix,  a  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Douglas 
CO.,  near  the  W.  end  of  Lake  Superior,  and  flows  S.W. 
until  it  reaches  the  E.  line  of  Minnesota.  From  this  point 
it  pursues  a  general  S.  course,  forming  the  boundary  be- 
tween  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin,  and  falls  into  the  Missis- 
sippi River  38  miles  below  St.  Paul.  The  whole  length 
is  about  200  miles,  and  it  is  100  yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 
St.  Croix  Lake,  an  expansion  of  this  river,  is  36  miles  long 


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And  3  or  4  miles  wide ;  it  is  not  more  than  1  mile  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  Several  falls  occur  in  the  St.  Croix 
about  the  middle  of  its  course. 

Saint  Croix,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Croix  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Apple,  Willow,  and  Rush  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Omaha  Railroad  and  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Hudson.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,035  ; 
in  1875,  14,966;  in  1880,  18,956;  in  1890,  23,139. 

Saint  Croix  (Fr.  pron.  s3,n»  krwi),  a  post-village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  IJ  miles 
from  Newport  Station.  It  contains  2  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, a  carding-mill,  and  gypsum-quarries.     Pop.  120. 

Saint  Croix,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  European  &  North  American  Railway,  1  mile 
from  Vanceborough,  Me.     It  contains  a  large  tannery. 

Saint  Croix,  a  post-village  in  Lotbinidre  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  33  miles  above  Quebec. 
It  contains  a  church,  an  academy,  6  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills, 
a  carding-mill,  and  4  or  5  stores.     Pop.  750. 

Saint  Croix  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Wis., 
on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hudson. 
It  is  nearly  opposite  the  village  of  Taylor's  Falls,  in  Min- 
nesota, and  is  at  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  a  church, 
2  flouring-mills,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.  The  river  affords 
great  water-power  here. 

Saint  Croix  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Croix 
River,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Minnesota  and 
Wisconsin.  It  extends  from  Stillwater,  or  Hudson,  south- 
ward nearly  to  Prescott,  and  is  about  2  miles  wide. 

Saint  Cuth'bert,  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Berthier 
en  Haut.  It  has  4  saw-mills,  a  carding-mill,  and  several 
stores. 

Saint  Cyprian  (sip're-an)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  immediately  N.  of 
Cape  Barbas.  Lat.  22"  35'  N.;  Ion.  17°  W.  It  receives 
the  river  St.  Cyprian,  50  miles  in  length. 

Saint- Cyprien,  siN»  see^pre-iN»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Dordogne,  9  miles  W.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  1527. 

Saint-Cyprien,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1800. 

Saint  Cyprien,  Quebec.    See  Napierville. 

Saint- Cyr,  s&n"  seeR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  2i  miles  W.  of  Versailles.  Its  famous  militia  school, 
established  in  1803,  occupies  part  of  the  royal  abbey  founded 
by  Louis  XIV.  in  1686.     Pop.  2308. 

Saint- Cyr,  a  village  of  Prance,  department  of  Seine-et- 
Marne,  arrondissement  of  Coulommiers.     Pop.  1452. 

Saint- Cyr,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
arrondissement  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2015. 

Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or,  siN»  seeR  o  mby  doR, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Rh6ne,  near  the  Sa&ne,  3  miles  N. 
of  Lyons.     Pop.  1769. 

Saint- Cyr-du-Baillenl,  siu"  seen  dU  b^h^yuh',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Manche,  near  Mortain.     Pop.  1754. 

Saint-Cyr-en-Pail,  siso  seeR  6no  p&I,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  canton  of  Prez-en-Pail.     Pop.  1213. 

Saint  Cyrille,  sis"  see^Reel',  a  post-village  in  L'Islet 
50.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  L'Islet.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Damase,  sS,n«  di^miz',  a  post-village  in  St. 
Hyacinthe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamaska  River,  7i  miles 
5.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 

Saint  Damien  de  Brandon,  s^no  d3,^me-&ii«'  d^h 
Dr6N«M6N»',  a  post- village  in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  27i  miles 
N.W.  of  Berthier  en  Haut.    Pop.  100. 

Saint  Da'vid,  a  seaport  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  Queens  co.,  in  lat.  46°  23'  N. 

Saint  David,  one  of  the  Bermuda  Islands.  Lat.  32° 
10'  N.;  Ion.  64°  20' W. 

Saint  Da'vid,  a  post-oflBce  and  station  of  Fulton  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy  Railroad,  4^  miles 
S.  of  Canton. 

Saint  Da'vids,  a  decayed  city  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, near  its  W.  extremity,  on  the  Allan,  near  its  mouth, 
on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Bride's  Bay,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Haver- 
ford- West.  Its  cathedral,  307  feet  in  length  internally,  has 
a  lofty  tower,  a  fine  Gothic  chapel,  and  rich  decorations. 
Near  it  are  the  ruined  college  of  St.  Mary,  founded  in  1377, 
and  the  decayed  episcopal  palace.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Saint  Da'vids,  a  post- village  in  Niagara  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  5  miles  W.  of  Clifton.     It 


contains  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores,  hotels,  and 
flouring-mills.     Pop.  270. 

Saint  David's  Head,  the  westernmost  point  of 
Wales,  in  lat.  51°  50'  N.,  Ion.  5°  15'  W. 

Saint  Day,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  7  milei 
W.  of  Truro.     Pop.  2700,  chiefly  employed  in  mining. 

Saint-Den'is  (Fr.  pron.  sUn"  d§h-nee'),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Seine,  with  a  station  on  the  Railway 
du  Nord,  5i  miles  N.  of  the  centre  of  Paris.  Pop.  29,500. 
It  has  a  theatre,  public  library,  and  several  annual  fairs ; 
but  it  is  chiefly  celebrated  for  its  church,  which  from  the 
seventh  century  was  the  principal  burial-place  of  the 
kings  of  France.  This  is  a  noble  Gothic  edifice,  415^  feet 
in  length,  106^  feet  in  breadth,  with  2  towers  and  a  spire. 
Saint-Denis  has  nurseries,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  oi 
chemical  products,  cards,  starch,  candles,  machinery,  Ac. 

Saint-Denis,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6- 
rieure,  in  the  island  of  016ron,  with  a  port.     Pop.  1659. 

Saint-Denis,  8&n»  d§h-nee',  the  capital  town  of  th« 
French  island  of  Reunion,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Saint-Denis. 
Lat.  20°  52'  S. ;  Ion.  55°  30'  24"  E.  Pop.  40,000.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  governor  of  the  island,  the  seat  of  a  high 
court,  and  has  a  college,  hospital,  botanic  garden,  a  bank, 
and  an  active  general  trade.  It  is  situated  on  an  exposed 
roadstead,  the  best  in  the  island. 

Saint  Den'is,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  at 
Relay  Station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint  Denis,  siu"  d§h-nee',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
CO.  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  14  miles  N.  of 
St.  Hilaire  Village.  It  contains  7  or  8  stores,  and  saw-, 
grist-,  and  carding-mills. 

Saint-Denis-de-Jouhet,s&N<>  d^h-nee'  d^h  zhoo^i', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  7  miles  S.W.  of  La  Chatre. 

Saint  Denis  de  la  Boutellerie,  s&n<>  d^h-nee'  d^h 
\k  booH{ri?h-ree',  a  post- village  in  Kamouraska  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  97  miles  below  Quebec.     It  contains  4  stores. 

Saint-Denis-d'Orques,  s&n"  d^h-nee'  doRk,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  21  miles  W.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2371. 

Saint-Denis-Ie-Chevasse,  s&n»  d^h-nee'  l§h  sh^h- 
viss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vendue,  canton  of  Poir6-sur- 
Vie.     Pop.  1603. 

Saint-Denis-le-Gast,  s&n>»  d§h-nee'  l§h  gist,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Manche,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coutances. 

Saint-Denis-le-V6tu,  s4n»  deh-nee'  l§h  viHii',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Manche,  4  miles  S.  of  Coutances. 

Saint-Denis-snr-Sarthon,  s8.n»  d§h-nee'  sur  saR'- 
t6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Alenfon. 

Saint  Den'nis  Bayon,  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  traverses 
the  parish  of  Jefferson,  and  flows  into  Barataria  Bay. 

Saint  De'roin',  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Saint  Didace,  s&no  deeMiss',  a  post-village  in  Mas- 
kinonge  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Maskinonge,  48  miles  W. 
of  Three  Rivers. 

Saint-Didier-au-Mont-d»Or,  84n»  deeMe-i'  0 
mftw  doR,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Rh&ne,  5 
miles  N.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1308. 

Saint-Didier-de-Chalaronne,s&N<>  deeMe-&'  d^h 
shiUi^ronn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  16  miles  N.  of 
Trgvoux.     Pop.  2673. 

Saint-Didier-de-la-Tour,  s4n»  deeMe-&'  d^h  1& 
tooR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Isire,  arrondissement  of  La 
Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1550. 

Saint-Didier-la-S6auve,  siu"  deeMe-i'  li  si^ov', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Yssin- 
geaux.     Pop.  2219. 

Saint-Didier-sur-DouIon,siN»dee^de-i'sURdoo'- 
16n>'',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  8  miles  E.  of 
Brioude.     Pop.  1694. 

Saint-Didier-sur-Rochefort,  siijo  dee^de-i'  siiR 
rosh^foR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Montbrison.     Pop.  1433. 

Saint-Di6,  sS.no  de-i',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Vosges,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Epinal,  on  the  Meurthe. 
Pop.  12,020.  It  has  a  communal  college,  cotton-mills,  tan 
neries,  paper-mills,  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of  ma- 
chinery, carpets,  hosiery,  Ac.  In  its  vicinity  are  iron-  an^ 
copper-mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Saint-Dizier,  s&no  dee^ze-i',  a  town  of  France,  ill 
Haute-Marne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Marne,  where 
becomes  navigable,  10  miles  N.  of  Vassy.    Pop.  9453.     Iti 
handsome,  and  was  formerly  fortified;  it  has  a  college, 
fine  town  hall,  a  hospital,  a  ruined  castle  docks  for  buildii 


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Tessels,  iroa-furnaces,  forges,  manufaotures  of  cutlery,  looks, 
obains,  nails,  <ic.,  and  an  active  export  trade  in  iron  and 
timber.  In  1544  it  sustained  a  siege  by  Charles  V.;  and  in 
1814  the  French  troops  here  twice  defeated  a  part  of  the 
allied  army. 

Saint  Domingo.    See  Santo  Douinoo. 

Saint  Dominique,  s&n"  do^me^neek',  a  post-Tillage 
in  Bagot  CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Hyaointhe. 

Saint  Dominique  des  Cadres,  Bks»  do^me^neek'  d& 
sid'r,  a  post-village  in  Soulangea  co.,  Quebec,  7^  miles  N. 
of  Cedars. 

Saint  Donat,  skif  do^ni',  a  post-village  in  Bimouski 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Anaolet. 

Saint-Donat-le-Roman,  siu"  do^ni'  l^h  ro^mfiu*', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Drdme,  13  miles  N.  of  Valence. 

Saint  Dona'tus,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Tete  des  Morts  township,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Sainte  Agathe,  s&Nt  &^g&t',  a  post-village  in  Lot- 
binidre  co.,  Quebec,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lotbiniere.     Pop.  325. 

Sainte  Agathe  des  Monts,  s&Nt  4^g&t'  di,  mON<>,  or 
Ber'esford,  a  post-village  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  North  River,  60  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church, 
4  stores,  4  hotels,  4  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Sainte  Agnes,  s^Nt  S.N'y5s',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
00.  of  Charlevoix,  10  miles  from  Murray  Bay. 

Sainte  Agnes  de  Dundee,  s&Nt  &N'yds'  d^h  dun^- 
dee',  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  riv.er 
St.  Lawrence,  12  miles  above  St.  Anicet. 

Sainte  Anastasie  de  Nelson.    See  Lyster. 

Sainte  Ang^le,  siNt  iuo^zhil',  a  post-village  in  Rou- 
ville  CO.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  Ste.  Marie  de  Monnoir. 
It  contains  5  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Sainte  Angele  de  Laval,  s&Nt  5No^zhir  d§h  liVil', 
or  Dou'cett's  Land'ing,  a  post-village  and  parish  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Three  Rivers  Branch  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  2  miles  from  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  150. 

Sainte  Ang^lique,  s3,Nt  6No^2hd.Meek',  a  post-village 
in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  from  Papineauville. 

Sainte-Anne,  s&Nt  &nn,  a  mountain  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Orne,  8  miles  from  Alenjon. 

Sainte  Anne  (Fr.  pron.  s^Nt  inn),  a  river  of  Quebec, 
after  a  S.W.  course  estimated  at  120  miles,  joins  the  St. 
Lawrence  on  its  N.  bank,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Quebec. 
At  its  mouth  it  is  1200  feet  across.  Shallows  and  numerous 
rapids  impede  its  navigation. 

Sainte-Anne,  siNt  &nn,  a  maritime  village  of  Guade- 
loupe, on  the  S.  coast  of  Grande-Terre,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
La  Point-^-Pitre.     Pop.  of  commune,  7239. 

Sainte-Anne,  a  village  of  Martinique,  near  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  island.     Pop.  of  commune,  2865. 

Sainte  Anne  Bout  de  I'IsIe,  e&Nt  &nn  boo  d^h  leel, 
a  thriving  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Jacques  Cartier,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Ottawa  and  St.  Lawrence,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  21  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It 
is  a  favorite  resort  during  the  summer  months. 

Sainte  Anne  de  Beaupr^,  s^Nt  &nn  d^h  bs^pri',  a 
post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ste.  Anne,  22  miles 
below  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church  and  a  dozen  stores. 
There  are  very  picturesque  falls  near  the  village.     Pop.  300. 

Sainte  Anne  de  la  Perade,  d^h  li  p^h^nid',  a  post- 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Champlain,  on  the  river  Ste.  Anne, 
55  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church,  sev- 
eral saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  1000. 

Sainte  Anne  de  la  Pocati^re,  d§h  li  po'kiHe- 
ain',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Kamouraska,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  86  miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains,  besides  a 
church  and  several  hotels,  a  college,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive in  the  province,  usually  attended  by  about  200  stu- 
dents.    Pop.  of  parish,  3134. 

Sainte  Anne  de  Restigouche,  d^h  nSsHee'goosh', 
a  village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Resti- 
gouche, 1  mile  from  Cross  Point.  It  is  chiefly  inhabited  by 
Indians  of  the  Micmac  tribe.     Pop.  200. 

Sainte  Anne  des  Monts,  da  mbjn;  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  co.  of  Gasp6,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Ste.  Anne,  184i  miles  below  RivitSre 
du  Loup  en  Bas.  There  are  several  rivers  of  the  same  name 
in  this  district.  The  vil  lage  contains  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  2  stores,  and  has  a  good  fishery. 

Sainte  Anne  des  Plaines,  dipldn,  a  post-village  in 
Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  28  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Sainte  Anne  de  Stukely,  Quebec.    See  Rochells. 


Sainte-Baume,  s4Nt  bQm,  a  mountain  in  the  S.E.  of 
France,  Var,  canton  of  Saint-Maximin.     Height,  2860  feet. 

Sainte  Beatrix,  s&Nt  b&^&'treeks',  a  post-village  ia 
Joliette  CO.,  Quebec,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Joliette. 

Sainte  Brigide,  siNt  bre^zheed',  a  post-village  in 
Iberville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  A  Cbambly 
Railway,  10  miles  E.  of  St.  John's.  Pop.  400.  There  are 
extensive  peat  bogs  in  the  vicinity. 

Sainte  Brigide  des  Saults,  s&Nt  bre^zheed'  di  >5, 
a  post- village  in  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Nicolet, 
60  miles  below  Montreal. 

Sainte  Brigitte  de  Laval,  Quebeo.    See  Latal. 

Sainte- Croix,  s&Nt  krw&,  a  village  of  Switserland, 
in  Vaud,  on  the  French  frontier,  7  miles  W.  of  Grandson. 
Principal  industries,  watch-  and  lace-making.     Pop.  4788. 

Sainte  Croix,  West  Indies.    See  Santa  Cruz. 

Sainte-Croix-de-Yolvestre,  sint  krwi  d^h  vor 
vfist'r',  a  village  of  France,  9  miles  N.  of  Saint-Girons. 

Saint  Edmundsbury.    See  Bury  St.  Edmund's. 
■  Sainte  Doroth^e,  s&Nt  doVoHi',  a  post-Tillage  in 
Laval  CO.,  Quebec,  15  miles  from  Montreal. 

Saint  Edouard,  s&Nt  &^doo^aR',  a  post-village  in  Na- 
pierville  co.,  Quebec,  on  Riviere  La  Tortue,  4  miles  from 
La  PigeonniSre.  Pop.  600.  See  also  Riviere  Bois  Clair, 
and  Frampton. 

Saint  Ed'ward,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Neb., 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Sainte  £lz6ar,  s&Nt  £l-z&-aR',  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebeo,  27  miles  S.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It  oon> 
tains  4  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Sainte  Emelie,  Quebec.     See  Leclercville. 

Sainte  Emilie  de  I'Energie,  s&Nt  &^meeMee'  d^h 
l&^n§R^zhee',  a  post-village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebeo,  on  the 
Black  River,  42  miles  N.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Sainte  Famille  d'Orl6ans,  s&Nt  fi'meel'  doR^i'- 
Jn"',  a  post- village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Isle  of  Orleans,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  17  miles  below  Quebec. 

Sainte  Flavie,  s&Nt  fl&Vee',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on 
the  Intercolonial  Railway,  87  miles  below  Rividre  da  Loup 
en  Bas.    Pop.  450. 

Sainte-Foy,  s&Nt  fw&,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Dordogne,  42  miles  E.  of  Bordeaux. 
It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery  and  wine.     Pop.  3916. 

Sainte-Foy,  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  2  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  4337. 

Sainte-Gemme-  (or  Gemmes-)  d'Andigne,  s&Nt 
zhSmm  d6N»MeeS',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1180. 

Sainte-Gemme-  (or  Gemmes-)  le-Robert,  s&Nt 
zhSmm  l§h  ro^baiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  415. 

Sainte-Gemme-  (or  Gemmes-)  sur-Loire, s&Nt 
zhdmm  suK  IwaR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loir^ 
arrondissement  of  Angers.     Pop.  1883. 

Sainte  Genevieve,  Missouri.  See  Saint  Genevieve. 

Sainte-Genevi^ve,  s&Nt  zh§h-n§h-ve-iv',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Aveyron,  19  miles  N.  of  Espalion.    Pop.  1735. 

Sainte-Genevieve,  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1519. 

Sainte  Genevieve,  s&Nt  zh^h-n^h-ve-aiv',  a  post- 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Jacques  Cartier,  on  RiviSre  des 
Prairies,  20  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  a  con- 
vent, and  stores.     Near  it  are  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1672. 

Sainte  Genevieve  de  Batiscan.    See  Batiscan. 

Sainte  Germain,  Quebec.    See  Lake  Etchemin. 

Sainte  Gertrude,  Canada.    See  Saint  Gertrude. 

Sainte-H^l^ne,  s&Nt  &M2n'  or  &Main',  several  villages 
of  France,  departments  of  Morbihan,  Loz4re,  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  Vosges,  Gironde,  Ac,  and  one  in  Savoy,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Albcrt-Ville. 

Sainte-H^I^ne,  the  French  name  of  Saint  Heuena. 

Sainte  H^l^ne,  siNt  4Main',  a  post-village  in  Kamou- 
raska CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  108  miles  below  Quebec. 

Sainte  H6leue  de  Bagot,  d§h  bi'go',  a  post-village 
in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Upton.     Pop.  100. 

Sainte  Henedine,  s&Nt  i^n^hMeen'^  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Dorchester,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It  has  a  church,  the  county  buildings, 
several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  potash -factories. 

Sainte-Honorine-la-Chardonne,    s&Nt    o^no^ 
reen'  1&  shaR^onn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Domfront.     Pop.  1245. 

Sainte  Ir6n6e,  s&Nt  ee^r&^n&',  a  post- village  in  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  78 
miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  about  1000. 


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Sainte  Julie  de  Somerset,  sintt  zhuMee'  d^h  som^- 
ir^set',  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  li  miles  from 
Beoancour  Station.  It  contains  several  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  6  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Sainte  Julie  de  Verchferes,  sint  zhU^lee'  d?h  vSr^- 
shaiR',  a  post-village  in  VerchSres  co,,  Quebec,  at  the  foot 
of  Boucherville  Mountain,  4^  miles  from  St.  Bruno. 

Sainte  Julienne,  siNt  zhiiMe-8n',  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Montcalm,  on  the  river  St. 
Esprit,  23  miles  N.W.  of  L'Assomption.  It  has  4  or  5  stores 
and  several  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400, 

Sainte  Justine,  Quebec.    See  Lanoetin, 

Sainte  Justine  de  Newton,  s^Nt  zhilsHeen'  d^h 
new'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Coteau  Station. 

Saint  Cleanors,  s^nt  Sl'^-nurz,  a  post-village  in 
Prince  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward 
Island  Railway,  2^  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Ele'na  (Sp.  Santa  Elena,  s&n't&  i-li'ni),  a  point 
and  maritime  village  of  Ecuador,  province  of  Manabi ;  the 
point  in  lat.  2°  12'  S.,  Ion.  81°  W.,  and  the  village  on  the 
Bay  of  St.  Elena,  30  miles  S.E. 

Saint  Elias,  Mount.    See  Mount  Saint  Elias. 

Saint  £lie  de  Caxton,  s^Nt  &Mee'  d^h  k&x't9n,  a 
post-village  in  St.  Maurice  co,,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamaohiche 
River,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  has  a  church,  2 
stores,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Saint  £liz'abeth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Osage  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Jefiferson  City.  It  has 
a  church. 

Saint  Eliz'abeth,  a  post-village  in  Joliette  oo.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  Bayonne,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal,  It 
has  an  agricultural-implement  factory,  a  tannery,  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop,  460, 

Saint  £l'mo,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co,,  Ala.,  on 
the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W,  of 
Mobile,  It  has  a  church  and  2  free  schools.  Turpentine 
and  other  products  are  shipped  here. 

Saint  Eilmo,  a  post-office  of  Schley  co.,  Ga. 

Saint  £lmo,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  in 
Avena  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Vandalia,  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop.   Coal  is  found  near  this  place.    P.  273. 

Saint  £lmo,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  co..  Miss.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Port  Gibson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Saint  £lmo,  a  post-office  of  Travis  co.,  Tex. 

Saint  !Eloi,  s8,Nt  iMwS,',  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata 
CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Isle  Verte.     P.  of  parish,  1134. 

Sainte  Louise  des  Aulnaies,  s^Nt  loo^eez'  dkz  o- 
ni',  a  post-village  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  i  mile  from  St. 
Roch  des  Aulnaies.     Pop.  150. 

Sainte-Liuce,  s^Nt  liiss,  a  town  on  the  S,  coast  of  the 
island  of  Martinique,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Fort-de-France. 
Pop.  1569. 

Sainte-Lucie,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  Lucia. 

Sainte  Marguerite,  sS,Nt  maR^gh§h-reet',  a  river  of 
Quebec,  joins  the  Saguenay  14  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sainte  Marguerite,  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co., 
Quebec,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Frampton.  It  has  saw-,  carding-, 
and  fulling-mills,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  400.  Iron  and 
copper  are  found  in  the  vicinity.     See  also  Lac  Masson. 

Sainte-Marguerite.    See  Lerins  Isles, 

Sainte-Marie,  or  Sainte-Marie-de-Madagas- 
car,  s&Nt  mi^ree'  d§h  miMi^gis^kaR'  (native  name,  Nossi 
Ibrahim,  or  Nosai  Burrah),  a  French  island  on  the  E,  coast 
of  Madagascar,  lat,  17°  S,,  divided  by  a  narrow  channel 
into  two  islets.  Area,  67  square  miles.  The  soil  is  of  vol- 
canic origin,  but  rocky  and  poor,  and  the  climate  sickly  and 
damp.  '  It  is  chiefly  important  as  the  seat  of  an  active 
commerce.  Chief  town,  Sainte-Marie,  a  free  port,  with  a 
good  harbor.     Pop,  6948,  mostly  of  Malagassy  race. 

Sainte-Marie,  siNt  miVee',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Martinique,  on  its  N.E.  side.     Pop.  5865. 

Sainte-Marie,  a  commune  in  the  island  of  Reunion, 
on  its  N.  coast.     Pop.  1425. 

Sainte-Marie-Audenhove,  s8,Nt  mi^ree'  o^d4n^ov', 
a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  8  miles  E.  of  Aude- 
narde.     Pop.  2025, 

Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.    See  Markirch, 

Sainte  Marie  de  la  Beauce.  See  La  Beauce. 
Sainte  Marie  de  Monnoir,  s&Nt  mi^ree'  d^h  mon^- 
nwaR',  or  Marie ville,  a  village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
00.  of  Rouville,  on  the  Montreal,  Chambly  A  Sorel  Railway, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  college,  5  stores, 
tannery,  Ac,  and  a  large  trade  in  produce.     Pop.  723. 

Sainte  Marthe,  sS,Nt  maRt,  a  post-village  in  Vau- 
dreuil CO.,  Quebec,  13  miles  from  Coteau  Station.  Pop.  300. 


Sainte  Martine,  s&Nt  maRHeen',  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Chateauguay,  on  the  river  Cha- 
teauguay,  13i  miles  S.  of  Caughnawaga.  It  has  the  county 
buildings,  a  church,  several  hotels,  stores,  mills,  and  tan- 
neries.    Pop.  700. 

Sainte-Maure,  s&Nt  moR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre- 
et-Loire,  on  the  Manse,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chinon,  on  thi 
railroad  from  Bordeaux  to  Paris.     Pop.  1684. 

Sainte  M6lanie,  Quebec.    See  Daillebout. 

Saiute-Menehould,  s^Nt  min^hoo',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Marne,  on  the  Aisne,  at  the  influx  of  the  Auve,  26  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Chaions.  Pop.  3376,  It  has  a  forest  board,  a 
communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  glass,  hosiery,  and 
leather.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  was  taken  by  Louis 
XIV.  in  1653. 

Sainte-M^re-£glise,  s&Nt  m&R  i^gleez',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  1474. 

Sainte-Monique,  siNt  mo^neek',  a  post-village. ii 
Nieolet  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles  from  Nicolet.     Pop.  500. 

Sainte  Philomfene,  s^Nt  feeMo^m&n',  a  post-village 
and  parish  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles  from  Caugh- 
nawaga.    It  contains  a  church  and  several  stores.  P.  1548 

Saint  Ephrem  de  Tring,  s&Nt  i,-Mm'  d^h  treeng,a 
post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  70  miles  S.  of  Quebec. 
It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  200. 

Saint  Ephrem  d*Upton,  s&Nt  i-frfim'  dup'tgn,  or 
Upton,  a  post-village  in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  48  miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  7  or 
8  stores,  2  saw-mills,  a  manufactory  of  extract  of  hemlock 
bark,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  350 ;  of  parish,  1392.  There 
are  valuable  copper-mines  in  the  vicinity. 

Saint  Epiphanie,  Quebec.    See  Viser. 

Sainte  Kosalie,  s3,Nt  ro^z&Moe',  a  post-village  in 
Bagot  CO.,  Quebec,  A\  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  Pop. 
100  ;  of  parish,  1591. 

Sainte-Rose,  sd,Nt  roz,  a  town  of  Guadeloupe,  on  ita 
N.  coast,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Louis.     Pop.  6033. 

Sainte-Rose,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Reunion,  on  its 
E.  coast,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Denis.     Pop.  2700. 

Sainte  Rose,  s&Nt  roz,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Laval  (Isle  jlsus),  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
river  Jesus  (a  branch  of  the  Ottawa),  and  on  the  Montreal 
Northern  Colonization  Railway,  16^  miles  N.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  6  stores.  Pop. 
736;  of  parish,  1816. 

Saintes,  siNt  (anc.  Mediola'num),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Charente-Inf6rieure,  42  miles  S.E.  of  La  Roohelle,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Charente.  Lat.  45°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  38'  W. 
Pop.  11,150.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  communal  college, 
a  public  library,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  an  extensive  trade 
in  cognac  brandy,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  crockery, 
bolting-cloth,  candles,  Ac.  Saintes  was  the  capital  of  the 
old  province  of  Saintonge. 

Saintes,  Les,  French  West  Indies.     See  Les  Saintes. 

Sainte  Scholastique,  sS.Nt  skoMisHeek',  an  incor- 
porated village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Two  Moun- 
tains, on  Belle  RiviSre,  36  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  con- 
tains, besides  the  county  buildings,  a  church,  a  tannery,  3 
hotels,  and  6  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  grain  and 
country  produce.     Pop,  707 ;  of  parish,  2811. 

Saintes-Maries,  Les.    See  Les  Saintes-Maries. 

Sainte  Sophie  de  Halifax,  s&Nt  so^fee'  d§h  hi^lee^- 
fix',  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Somerset.     Pop.  200. 

Sainte  Sophie  de  Lacorne,  siNt  so^fee'  d?h  14*- 
koRn',  a  post- village  and  parish  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec, 
34  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  1311. 

Saint-Esprit,  sIlNt  Ss^pree',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
on  the  Adour,  opposite  Bayonne,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 
It  has  a  citadel,  commanding  the  town  and  port  of  Bayonne. 

Saint  Esprit,  sS,Nt  Ss^pree',  a  post-office  in  Richmond 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  25  miles  from  St.  Peters. 

Saint  Esprit,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Montcalm 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Esprit,  17  miles  N.W.  of  L'As- 
somption.    Pop.  1537. 

Sainte-Terre  ("Holy  Land").    See  Palestine. 

Sainte  Th6r^se  de  Blainville,  8S.Nt  tiVaiz'  d^h 
bl&N»Veel',  a  village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Terrebonne,  on  the 
RiviSre  aux  Chiens,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  ha» 
3  churches,  a  college,  a  convent,  3  hotels,  8  stores,  a  tannery, 
a  distillery,  a  brewery,  and  several  grist-mills.     Pop.  914. 

Saint-Etienne,  s&Nt  iHe-inn'  {i.e.,  "St.  Stephen"),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the  Furens,  a  small  affluent 
of  the  Loire,  in  the  centre  of  one  of  the  most  valuable  coal- 
fields of  France,  32  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Lyons.  Pop. 
in  1891,  133,443.      It  contains  several  spacious   streets 


SAI 


2343 


SAI 


formed  of  lofty  and  substantial  houses  of  freestone.  The 
town  is  lighted  with  gas.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
h6tel-de-ville,  comprising  the  town  hall,  exchange,  and  a 
museum  of  the  local  manufactures,  a  court-house,  a  theatre, 
a  public  library,  a  handsome  obelisk  fountain,  and  the 
termini  of  the  two  railways  to  Lyons  and  Roanne.  The 
town  has  a  court  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  a  consulting 
chamber  of  manufactures,  a  national  college,  a  school  of 
mines,  a  chemical  laboratory,  a  public  library,  and  numer- 
ous iron-works.  It  has  acquired  prosperity  in  the  manu- 
facture of  iron-wares,  silk  ribbons,  hardware,  fire-arms, 
cutlery,  files,  nails,  cast  iron,  and  steel.  The  number  of 
looms  is  estimated  at  20,000,  and  the  value  of  the  annual 
produce  of  ribbons,  $13,000,000.  It  has  also  manufactures 
of  other  silk  goods,  lace,  embroidery,  muslins,  cotton  yarn, 
glass,  leather,  paper,  and  lampblack.  The  coal,  to  which 
Saint-Etienne  is  indebted  for  the  main  source  of  its  pros- 
perity, forms  a  very  important  branch  of  trade,  furnishing 
fuel  for  blast-furnaces  and  other  iron-works,  and  for  export. 

Saint  Etienne.    See  Chaudi^re  Junction. 

Saint-Etienne-de-Baigorry,  sS.Nt  iHe-Jnn'  d§h 
bi''goR^Ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyrlndes,  on  the 
Spanish  frontier,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bayonne.  It  has  iron- 
mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Saint  Etienne  de  Beauharuois,  sS.Nt  iHe-Snn'd^h 
bS^aR^nwi',  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Beauharnois  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Louis,  5  miles  from  Beauharnois. 
Pop.  1097. 

Saint  Etienne  de  Bolton.    See  Grass  Pond. 

Saint-Etienne-de-L.ugdar^s,  s^Nt  iHe-4nn'  d^h 
liigM3,^ris',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  31  miles  W.  of 
Privas.     Pop.  1586. 

Saint-Etienne-de-Montluc,  s3,Nt  &He-4nn'  d^h 
m6NoHu.k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieare,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1129. 

Saint-Etienne-de-Ronvray,  sS,Nt  iHe-finn'  d^h 
roov^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  near  the 
Seine,  4  miles  S.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  2788. 

Saint-Etienne-de-Saint-Geoirs,  s&Nt  &He-dnn' 
d§h  8S,N»  zhwaR,  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1836. 

Saint  Etienne  des  Gres,  s&Nt  dHe-Snn'  dk  grd,,  a 
post-village  in  St.  Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St. 
Maurice,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Eufemia,  Italy.     See  Santa  Eufemia. 

Saint  Engine,  s3,Nt  uh^zhin',  a  post-village  in  Pres- 
cott  CO.,  Ontario,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Pointe  Fortune.  It  con- 
tains a  tannery,  a  potash-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  400. 

Sainte  Ursule^  s&Nt  iiR'siil',  a  post-village  in  Mas- 
kinonge  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Little  Riviere  du  Loup,  5  miles 
from  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Eustache^  sS,Nt  ch^stS,sh',  a  village  in  the  co. 
of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  on  RiviSre  du  Chfine,  21  miles 
S.AV.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  an 
academy,  3  hotels,  a  pottery,  and  several  mills  and  stores. 
Pop.  859. 

Saint  Eustatius^Q-sti'she-us,  or  Saint  Eustache, 
one  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Islands,  12  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Christopher.  Area,  190  square  miles.  Pop.  1809.  It  is 
mountainous,  and  has  two  extinct  volcanoes.  The  climate 
is  healthy,  but  earthquakes  and  hurricanes  are  frequent. 
Capital,  St.  Eustatius,  or  Orange,  on  the  S.W.  coast. 

Saint  Evariste  de  Forsyth,  s&Nt  iVi^reest'  d^h 
for^sith',  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  24  miles 
S.S.W.  of  St.  Francois,  and  78  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     P.  150< 

Sainte  Victoire,  s&Nt  vikHwan',  a  post-village  in 
Bichelieu  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  from  Sorel. 

Saint  Fabien,  aks^  Whe-ikS»',  a  post-village  in  Ri- 
mouski  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  46i  miles 
below  RiviSre  du  Loup  en  Bas.    Pop.  250. 

Saint-Fargeau,  siN»  faR^zhC,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Yonne,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Auxerre,  on  the  Loing.  Here  is 
a  fine  old  castle,  once  the  residence  of  Mademoiselle  Mont- 
pensier,  cousin  of  Louis  XIV.  Pop.  2030. 
•  Saint  F61icit^,  b4n»  fiMee^seeHi',  a  post-village  in 
Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles 
below  Matane. 

Saint  Fe'lix,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  W. 
of  Copiapd,  in  Chili.     Lat.  26°  21'  S.;  Ion.  79°  35'  W. 

Saint  Fe'lix,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  50  miles  from  Summerside. 

Saint  Fe'lix,  a  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Madagascar. 

Saint  F6lix  de  Valois,  s&n»  fiMeeks'  d^h  vi'lwi',  a 
post-village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Bayonne, 
61  miles  N.N.B.  of  Montreal.  It  has  an  iron-foundry,  a 
tannery,  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  and  5  stores.    Pop.  500. 


Saint  Fer'dinand,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo 

Pop.  7214. 

Saint  Ferdinand  de  Halifax,  s&b*  f JRMe-n&no'dfh 
h&Mee^fftx',  a  post-village  in  Megantic  oo.,  Quebec,  on  Lake 
William,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset.  It  bas  several  stores 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  F6r6ol,  sis*  fiVi'fil',  a  post-village  in  Mont- 
morency CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
30  miles  below  Quebec.  In  the  vicinity  are  attractive 
waterfalls. 

Saint  Fiddle,  a&v  fee'd&r,  a  post-village  in  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Murray  Bay. 

Saint'field,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  904. 

Saint  Flavien,  sS.n»  fliVe-&N»',  a  post-village  in 
LotbiniSre  co.,  Quebec,  30  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Quebec. 
It  has  4  stores  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Flore,  s&n»  Aor,  a  post-village  in  Champlain 
CO.,  Quebec,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Three  Rivers. 

Saint-Florent,  siw*  flo^rftN<»'  (It.  San  Fiorenzo,  s&n 
fe-o-rfln'zo),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Corsica,  on  its  N. 
side,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.-Florent,  7  miles  W.  of  Bastia. 

Saint-Florent,  s&n»  floV6N«',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Cher,  on  the  Cher,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bourges. 

Saint -Florentin,  8&n»  flo^riNoHiK"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Armance  and 
Armanjon,  and  on  the  Paris  &  Lyons  Railway,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  2256. 

Saint-Flour,  s&n"  Aoor  (rhyming  with  poor),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Cantal,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aurillac.  Pop. 
4848.  It  stands  on  a  rock  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Au- 
zon,  and  has  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  trade  in 
corn,  and  manufactures  of  glue,  blankets,  pottery,  Ac. 

Saint  Foy,  s^n"  fw4,  a  post-village  and  parish  in 
Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a 
store,  3  hotels,  and  an  inebriate  asylum.     Pop.  1625. 

Saint  Francis,  France.    See  Saint-Francois. 

Saint  Fran'cis,  a  headland  of  Africa,  in  Cape  Colony, 
W.  of  St.  Francis  Bay.     Lat.  34°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  24°  53'  E. 

Saint  Francis,  a  lake  of  Canada,  formed  by  the  St, 
Lawrence,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     Length,  28  miles. 

Saint  Fran'cis,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Languille 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Rock  &  Memphis  and  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <k  Southern 
Railroads.  Capital,  Forrest  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6714;  in 
1880,  8389;  in  1890,  13,543. 

Saint  Francis,  a  township  of  EfiSngham  oo.,  III. 
Pop.  509. 

Saint  Francis,  a  post-ofiBce  and  plantation  of  Aroo8< 
took  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  river  St.  John,  15  miles  above  Fort 
Kent.     Pop.  253. 

Saint  Francis,  a  post-village  oi  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in 
St.  Francis  township,  on  Rum  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Anoka, 
and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  lumber-mill,  Ac.  The  township  has  several  lakes.  Pop. 
of  township,  231. 

Saint  Francis,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  246. 

Saint  Francis,  a  township  of  Madison  co..  Mo.   P.  386. 

Saint  Fran'cis,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co..  New 
Brunswick,  36  miles  from  Edmundston.     Pop.  1752. 

Saint  Francisco,  California.    See  San  Francisco. 

Saint  Francisco,  Brazil.    See  SIo  Francisco. 

Saint  Francis  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  off  the 
S.  coast  of  Australia,  in  the  Nuyts  Archipelago.  Lat.  (N. 
extremity)  32°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  133°  17'  E. 

Saint  Francis  Mills,  Quebec.  See  Brompton  Falls. 

Saint  Francis  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  St.  Francois 
CO.,  runs  southward  to  the  N.E.  corner  of  Arkansas,  inter- 
sects the  COS.  of  Craighead,  Cross,  and  St.  Francis  with  a 
sinuous  course,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  aboat  9  milei 
above  Helena.     Length,  about  450  miles. 

Saint  Francis  River,  Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  St. 
Francis,  Wolfe  co.,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  Lake  St.  Peter.     Length,  100  miles. 

Saint  Francis  Station,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee.  Here  are  a 
Catholic  seminary  and  an  institute  for  the  deaf  and  dumb. 

Saint  Fran'cisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincenaet 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  churoh. 
Pop.  in  1890,  432. 


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Saint  Francisville,  a  village  of  West  Feliciana  par- 
ish, La.,  on  the  West  Feliciana  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Baton  Rouge,  and  1  mile  N.E.  of  the  Mississippi 
River.  It  is  adjacent  to  the  river-port  called  Bayou  Sara. 
It  contains  1  or  2  newspaper  oflSces,  a  money-order  post- 
oflSce,  an  academy,  and  2  churches.  A  large  quantity  of 
cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  950. 

Saiut  Francisville,  a  post-village  in  Des  Moines 
township,  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  3  miles  from  Vin- 
cennes,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop.  408. 

Saint  Fran'cis  Xavier,  za've-^r,  a  hamlet  of  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  111.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Saint  Francois,  s§nt  fran'ses  (Fr.  pron.  8&n»  fr6s»'- 
8W&'),  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of 
about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  in  the  S.  part  by  the 
St.  Francis  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  in  the  N.  part  by 
Big  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  moderately  fertile.  Maize,  oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  The  chief  article  of  export  is  iron,  a  rich  deposit 
of  which  is  found  in  the  famous  Iron  Mountain.  Mines  of 
lead  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
two  branches  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  Bonne  Terre 
Railroad.  Capital,  Farmington.  Pop.  in  1870,  9742;  in 
1880,  13,822;  in  1890,  17,347. 

Saint  Francois,  a  township  of  St.  Francois  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1614. 

Saint  Fran90is,  township,  Wayne  co.,  Mo.    P.  1755. 

Saint-Francois,  sd,N<>  frftuo^swi',  a  town  of  the  French 
West  Indies,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Grande-Terre,  18  miles 
E.  of  La  Pointe-a-Pitre.     Pop.  5714. 

Saint-Francois,  a  commune  of  the  island  of  Mar- 
tinique, with  a  good  port  on  the  E.  coast.     Pop.  7797. 

Saint  Francois  de  la  Beauce,  siN"  fr5N»*sw8,'  d§h 
1&  booe,  a  post- village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Beauce, 
on  the  river  Chaudiere,  54  miles  S.  of  Quebec.  It  contains 
8  stores,  7  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  potash-factory,  and  valu- 
able gold-mines.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Francois  de  Sales,  d^h  s&l,  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  on  Isle  J6sus,  1  mile  from  Terrebonne. 

Saint  Francois  d'Orl^ans,  d&R^l&^6N<>',  a  post- 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Montmorency,  on  the  island  of 
Orleans,  27  miles  below  Quebec. 

Saint  Franpois  du  Lac,  dii  14k,  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Yamaska,  on  Lake  St.  Peter, 
27^  miles  below  Sorel.  It  contains  several  stores  and  mills, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain.     Pop,  800. 

Saint  Francois  Rivi^re-du-Sud,  re^e-ais'  dii 
Slid,  a  post-village  in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  a  telegraph  office,  and  5  or  6  stores. 

Saint  Fred'eric  (Fr.  pron.  sS.n»  friMi^reek'),  a  post- 
village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  48  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Quebec. 
It  has  4  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Fred'erick,  a  post-office  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb., 
8  miles  E.  of  Tecumseh. 

Saint  Ga'briel  (Fr.  pron.  s3,N<»ga,^bre^fil'),  a  post-village 
of  Iberville  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi,  15  miles  above 
Donaldsonville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  sugar-refinery. 

Saint  Gabriel  de  Brandon,  sks"  g&^bre^dl'  d^h 
br8,nM6N<»',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  on  Lao 
Maskinonge,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berthier  en  Haut. 

Saint  Gall,  sent  g41  (Fr.  pron.  s§,n<»  gill ;  Ger.  Sanct 
Gallen,  sinkt  g3,l'l§n),  a  canton  in  the  N.E.  of  Switzerland, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Thurgau  and  the  Lake  of  Constance, 
B.  by  the  Rhine,  between  lat.  46°  53'  and  47°  30'  N.  and 
ion.  8°  47'  and  9°  37'  E.  Area,  749  square  miles.  In  the 
S.  it  forms  part  of  one  of  the  loftiest  districts  of  Switzer- 
land. The  whole  surface  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Rhine, 
but  is  divided  into  three  distinct  minor  basins.  The  only 
lake  of  importance  besides  Lake  Constance  is  Lake  Zu- 
rich, but  there  are  many  small  lakes  remarkable  for  their 
elevation  and  the  magnificent  scenery  around  them.  The 
climate  is  generally  of  Alpine  severity.  Among  the  sand- 
stone beds  of  lignite  are  found,  but  there  are  no  minerals 
of  any  consequence.  The  mountainous  districts,  within  the 
limits  of  vegetation,  are  covered  with  wood  or  pasture ;  on 
the  lower  slopes  vineyards  and  orchards  are  seen.  The 
principal  products  are  wine,  fruit,  corn,  maize,  hemp,  and 
llax.  Cotton  and  linen  goods,  particularly  muslins,  are  ex- 
tensively made.  This  canton  was  admitted  to  the  Confed- 
eration in  1803.  The  constitution  is  democratic.  St.  Gall 
is  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1888,  228,174. 


Saiut  Gall  {Ger.  Sanct  Gallen),  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
capital  of  the  above  canton,  in  an  elevated  valley,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Steinach,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Con- 
stance, 2152  feet  above  sea-level.  It  is  well  built  and 
paved,  is  supplied  with  fountains,  and  contains  a  cathedral^ 
once  an  old  abbey  church,  an  old  monastery,  3  churches,  a 
large  town  house,  a  library,  a  house  of  correction,  an  orphan 
house,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  penitentiary,  Ac.  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods,  fine 
muslins  and  prints,  and  an  important  trade.  The  environs 
are  very  beautiful,  and  contain  many  walks  commanding 
fine  views.     Pop.  (1892)  30,160. 

Saint- Gal  mier,  siN>»  girme-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  E.  of  Montbrison.  Pop.  1996 
It  has  manufactures  of  muslin,  hats,  stained  glass,  and 
chamois  leather,  and  the  mineral  spring  of  Fontfort. 

Saiut- Gaudens,  siN°  goMdu"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Garonne,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.  Pop.  4087.  It  has 
an  ancient  church,  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures 
of  serge,  porcelain,  leather,  tape,  <fco.,  sawing-,  fulling-,  and 
paper-mills,  and  an  active  trade. 

Saint- Genest-Lerpt,  s&n<>  zh^h-ni'  linpt,  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Loire,  arrondissement  of  Saint- 
Etienne.     Pop.  1196. 

Saint- Genest-Malifaux,  8&n<>  zh^h-ni'  m&^Iee^f5', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Etienne. 

Saint  Genevieve,  s^nt  jfin^e-veev',  a  county  of  Mis- 
souri,  bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  is  drained  in  the  central  part  by  the  Aux  Yasae  River 
and  in  the  S.  part  by  Saline  Creek.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  hills,  fertile  valleys  and  river-bottoms,  and  for- 
ests of  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone  is 
abundant  in  this  county,  and  copper  and  marble  are  said 
to  be  found  in  it.  Capital,  St.  Genevieve.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8384;  in  1880,  10,390;  in  1890,  9883. 

Saint  Genevieve,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Gen- 
evieve CO.,  Mo.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  below  St.  Louis.  It  has 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  convent,  and  sev- 
eral warehouses.  Limestone,  marble,  and  lead  are  found 
near  this  place.    Pop.  in  1890, 1686 ;  of  the  township,  3992. 

Saint- Geniez,  s&n°  zh^h-ne-i',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Aveyron,  on  the  Lot,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Rodez.  Pop.  3167.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  im- 
portant manufactures  of  serges,  tricot,  flannel,  leather,  Ac. 

Saint- Genis-Laval,  sin"  zh§h-nee'  l&^vil',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Rh8ne,  5  miles  S.  of  Lyons,  on  the  railway 
thence  to  Saint-Etienne.  It  has  manufactures  of  fine  car- 
pets, paper-hangings,  silk  stuffs,  calico,  and  oil.    Pop.  2246. 

Saint-Genoix,  s&n°  zh§h-nw4',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  6i  miles  S.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3604. 

Saint  George,  Italy.    See  San  Giorgio. 

Saint  George,  Portuguese  colonies.     See  Slo  Jorge. 

Saint  George,  or  Georgetown,  a  town  of  the  West 
Indies,  capital  of  the  island  of  Grenada,  on  the  S. S.W.  coast. 
Lat.  12°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  48'  W.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts,  one  being  called  Bat  Town,  and  the  other  the  Care- 
NA6E  (or  "  Careenage").  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in 
the  West  Indies.     Pop.  4570. 

Saint  George,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  island  of  Skyros.    It  has  remains  of  antiquity.    P.  3000. 

Saint  George,  one  of  the  principal  of  the  Bermuda 
Islands,  N.E.  of  Bermuda,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  forma 
the  chief  military  depot  in  the  Bermudas. 

Saint  George,  a  port  of  the  Bermuda  Islands,  on  an 
island  of  the  same  name,  is  a  British  military  station.  It 
has  a  noble  and  safe  harbor,  with  21  feet  of  water  in  the 
channel,  is  a  port  of  refuge,  and  has  a  dry-dock  and  a  marine 
railway.  The  island  of  St.  George  is  3i  miles  long,  and  is 
connected  by  an  iron  drawbridge  with  Bermuda  Island. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  1500. 

Saint  George,  the  strait  or  channel  which  separates 
New  Ireland  from  New  Britain. 

Saint  George,  a  channel  between  the  Great  and 
Little  Nicobar  Islands,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  about  15  or 
18  miles  long,  and  from  3  to  6  miles  wide,  extending 
E.N.E.  and  W.S.W. 

Saint  George,  an  island  of  British  Honduras,  in  the j 
Bay  of  Honduras,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Balize.r 

Saint  George,  one  of  the  Pribylov  Islands,  Alaska^ 
It  is  granitic,  and  rises  to  300  feet  in  height. 

Saint  George,  Sierra  Leone.     See  Freetown. 

Saint  George,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co.,  111. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village  in  St.  George  townshiftj 


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tottawatomie  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas 
River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of 
Manhattan,  and  43  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Saint  George,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  George  township, 
Knox  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Rockland.  The  township  is  a  peninsula,  nearly  surrounded 
by  the  ocean.  It  contains  3  churches  and  a  village  named 
Tenant's  Harbor,  and  has  several  stone-quarries.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  2491. 

Saint  George,  township,  Benton  co.,  Minn.    P.  354. 

Saint  George,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoLeod  co.,  Minn., 
on  Crow  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Glenooe.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  George,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 

Saint  George,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Saint  George,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Utah,  on  the  Rio  Virgen,  or  Virgin  River,  about  280 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  broom-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  5  stores,  and  a 
money-order  post-office. 

Saint  George,  a  small  post-township  of  Chittenden 
CO.,  Vt.,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Burlington.     Pop.  111. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tucker  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Cheat  River,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Grafton,  and  95 
miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Saint  George,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Jorge  dos  Ilheos. 

Saint  George,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New 
Brunswick,  co.  of  Charlotte,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Maga- 
guadavic  River,  45  miles  AV.  of  St.  John.  It  has  3  saw- 
mills, 4  churches,  2  temperance  halls,  a  mechanics'  hall,  2 
hotels,  and  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  George,  a  bay  and  harbor  of  Newfoundland,  on 
the  W.  coast.  The  bay  extends  inward  E.N.E.  about  54 
miles,  and  receives  the  river  St.  George. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Harrisburg.  It  has  an  iron-foundry  and  sev- 
eral stores  and  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint-George-  (or  Georges-)  Bntavent,  sfi,N» 
shoEzh  biiHiV6N«>',  a  village  of  France,  3  miles  W.  of 
Mayenne, 

Saint  George  de  Henryville.    See  Henrtville. 

Saint  George  de  la  Beauce,  s5,n»  zhoRzh  d§h  li 
bQce,  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
ChaudiSre,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quebec.  It  has  3  saw-mills, 
2  flouring-mills,  and  8  or  9  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  George  del  Mina,  Africa.    See  Elmina. 

Saint-George-de-Reneins,  sky  zhoRzh  d^h  r^h- 
n8,H»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  R,h8ne,  4  miles 
N.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1084. 

Saint  George  de  Wind'sor,  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  and  several  stores. 

Saint-George-d'Ol6ron,  siijo  zhoRzh  doMi^rdu"',  a 
Tillage  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Marennes. 

Saint  George,  Gulf  of.  See  Gulf  of  Saint  George. 

Saint  George  Island,  in  the  Mozambique  Channel, 
ie  in  lat.  15°  2'  S.,  Ion.  40°  48'  E. 

Saint  George  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  Sol- 
omon group,  in  lat.  8°  32'  S.,  Ion.  169°  40'  E. 

Saint  George  Island,  Azores.    See  Sao  Jorse. 

Saint  George  Islands,  India,  a  group  off  the  coast 
of  Malabar,  in  lat.  15°  21'  N.,  Ion.  73°  45'  E. 

Saint  George's,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  oo., 
Del.,  in  Red  Lion  hundred,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Delaware 
Canal,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington,  and  about  3  miles 
B.  of  St.  George's  Station  on  the  Delaware  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  860. 

Saint  George's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colleton  oo.,  S.C, 
on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Charles- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  naval  stores. 

Saint  George's  Bank  is  in  the  Atlantic,  about  100 
milee  E.  of  Cape  Cod.     It  is  resorted  to  by  fishermen. 

Saint  George's  Bay,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Antiqonish. 

Saint  George's  Channel  {ane.Vergin'itm  Ma're  f), 
that  part  of  the  Atlantic  which  separates  the  S.W.  of  Eng- 
land from  Ireland,  extending  from  the  island  of  Holyhead 
to  St.  David's,  and  from  Dublin  to  Wexford. 

Saint  George's  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Florida,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Appa- 
laohicola.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  22  miles;  breadth,  5 
miles.  St.  George's  Strait,  separating  it  from  the  main- 
land, is  from  5  to  7  or  8  miles  across. 
.  Saint- George-sur-Loire,s&N»  zhoRzh  siIr  IwaR,  a 
|lhArket-town  of  France,  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  10 
milw  W.S.W.  of  Angers.  Pop.  1027. 
148 


Saint-Germain,  s^nt  j?r'm%n  (Fr.  pron.  sky  zh4R*- 
m&N»'),  or  Saint-Germain-en-Laye,  b&k<>  zhSR^m&N^ 
6n"  li,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  border  of 
the  forest  of  Saint-Germain,  7  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  and  10 
miles  by  railway  W.N.W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  16,978.  It  is  wel' 
built,  and  has  a  house  of  education  of  the  Legion  of  Honor, 
a  public  library,  a  com  hall,  manufactures  of  horse-hair 
goods,  numerous  tanneries,  some  woollen-factories,  and  na 
active  retail  trade.  Its  magnificent  chd,teau,  founded  by 
Charles  V.,  is  now  used  as  a  barrack  and  military  prison. 
The  forest  of  Saint-Germain  comprises  nearly  8900  acres. 

Saint  Germain  de  Grantham,  s&NvzhiR^m&No'dfh 
gr&nH3,m',  or  Head'ville,  a  post-village  in  Drummond 
CO.,  Quebec,  15  miles  N.N.E,  of  Upton.     Pop.  150. 

Saint- Germain-du-Bois,  sis"  zhiR^m&N*'  dtt  bwft, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et-Loire,  8  miles  N.  of  Lonhans. 

Saint- Germain-Laval,  s&n<>  zhSR^m&.N>'  I&W&l',  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  15  miles  S.  of  Roanne. 
It  has  manufactures  of  porcelain.     Pop.  1573. 

Saint-Germain-l'Embron,  sky  zhiR^mky'  I&no^- 
br6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D8me,  5  miles  S.  of 
Issoire.     Pop.  1987. 

Saint- Germain- sur- Ay,  sky  zhin^vaky'  sUb  i,  • 
town  of  France,  in  Manche,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coutances, 
on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ay.  It 
exports  agricultural  produce  to  England. 

Saint  Ger'man,  or  Saint  Ger'mans,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Plymouth. 
It  has  a  fine  parish  church,  formerly  part  of  a  cathedral, 
once  the  seat  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  of  parish,  2678, 

Saint  Gertrude,  s^nt  gb^r'trood,  a  post-village  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Three  Rivers.  It 
contains  4  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  350. 

Saint- Gervais,  sky  zhiv^vk',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Hgrault,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Beziers.     Pop,  1215, 

Saint- Gervais,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  902. 

Saint- Gervais,  sky  zhjRVi',  a  post-village  of  Que- 
bec, CO.  of  Bellechasse,  5  miles  S.  of  St.  Charles.  It  haa 
saw-,  grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills,  7  or  8  stores,  and 
a  large  trade.     Pop.  850. 

Saint-Ghislain,  sky  gheesMiu*',  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  Hainaut,  on  the  Haine,  6  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1350. 

Saint-Gildas-des-Bois,  sky  zheelMi'  d&  bw&,  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Loire-Inf6rieure,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1173. 

Saint  Giles,  s§nt  jilz,  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, in  the  centre  of  the  metropolis.     Pop.  35,703. 

Saint  Giles,  s§nt  jilz,  a  post-village  in  LotbiniSre  co., 
Quebec,  25  miles  S.  of  Quebec.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  6  saw- 
mills, 5  stores^  and  a  church.  Gold-  and  copper-bearing 
quartz  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Giles,  South  America.    See  San  Gil. 

Saint- Gilles,  sky  zheel,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4157. 

Saint- Gilles,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  South 
Brabant,  2  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 

Saint-Gilles,  sky  zbeel,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
on  the  Canal  of  Beaucaire,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nlmes.  Pop. 
5705.  It  has  a  fine  abbey  church  of  the  eleventh  century, 
manufactures  of  oil,  wine,  and  farina,  and  an  active  trade 
in  wine,  brandy,  Ac. 

Saint-Gilles-lez-Termonde,  eky  zheel  Ik  t^R^- 
m6Nd',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  1  mile  E.  of 
Dendermond.     Pop.  3303. 

Saint-Gilles-sur-yi6,  s&w*  zheel  sUr  ve-i',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vendue,  on  the  Vi6,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Les 
Sables.     Pop.  1177. 

Saint  Gil'man,  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Oilman  township,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.  of  Sibley.     It  has  a  hotel,  2  stores,  and  2  elevators. 

Saint- Girons,  siN<»  zhee^r6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  on  the  Salat,  26  miles  W.  of  Foix.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  paper-mills,  tanneries,  flour-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  marble,  linen,  oil,  Ac.     Pip.  3993. 

Saint- Gobain,  sky  go^b&N*',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aisne,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1957. 

Saint  Goth'ard  (Fr.  pron.  sky  goHaR'),  or  Sankt 
Gotthard,  sinkt  got'hart,  a  short  range  of  mountains  in 
the  Alps  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  Uri  and  Ticino,  of  which 
the  Galenstock,  12,481  feet  high,  is  the  culminating  point. 
The  St.  Gothard  Pass,  from  Fliielen  to  Bellinzona,  is  noted 
for  its  hospice,  designed  for  the  rescue  of  storm-boun4 
travellers,  and  the  group  is  also  remarkable  for  its  railway- 
tunnel,  more  than  9  miles  in  length,  extending  from  near 
Andermatt  to  Airolo.  The  St.  Gothard  is  interesting,  as  » 
link  between  several  of  the  chains  of  the  Alps.  , 


SAl 


2346 


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Saint  Gr6goirej  b&n»  gri^gwas',  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  co,  of  Nicolet,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Three 
Rivers  Branch),  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arthabaska.  It  has 
an  acadeniy,  a  church,  flour-  and  saw-mills,  and  5  or  6 
■tores.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Gregory,  in  Italy.    See  San  Gregorio. 

Saint  Guillaume  d'Upton,  eijit»  ghee^ySm'  dup'- 
tpn,  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
David,  7  miles  N.  of  Upton.  It  has  several  stores  and  mills. 
Pop.  400. 

Saint-Heand,  siN«  hii^&N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire,  6  miles  N,  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  2525. 

Saint  Hed'wig,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex. 

Saint  Hel'en,  a  hamlet  of  Roscommon  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  67  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Saint  Helen,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  10  miles 
above  Kalama,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.  The  river  is  here  about  1 
mile  wide.     Large  sea-going  ships  can  ascend  to  this  place. 

Saint  Helena,  hel-ee'n%  (Fr.  Sainte-Hiline,  sist  i*- 
lain' ;  Sp.  Santa  Elena,  sin'ti  i-li'ni),  an  island  of  the 
South  Atlantic  Ocean,  belonging  to  the  British,  lat.  15° 
57'  S.,  Ion.  5°  42'  W.,  about  700  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of 
Ascension,  1400  miles  W.  of  the  W.  coast  of  South  Africa,and 
2000  miles  from  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil.  Greatest  length,  lOJ 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  from  N.  to  S.,  7  miles.  Area,  47 
square  miles.  Its  position,  in  the  line  of  the  ocean  thor- 
oughfare from  Europe  to  the  East,  made  it  at  one  time  a 
most  important  halting-station  for  vessels  performing  that 
lengthened  voyage,  while  it  acquired  celebrity  from  being 
the  place  of  Napoleon's  banishment,  and  where  he  resided 
from  1816  till  his  death,  May  5,  1821.  It  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  lofty  pyramidal  mass  of  a  dark-gray  color,  rising 
abruptly  from  the  ocean ;  but  when  more  nearly  approached, 
though  its  precipitous  and  almost  inaccessible  coasts  become 
still  more  striking,  and  on  all  sides,  particularly  on  the  N., 
enormous  beetling  cliffs  are  seen,  varying  in  height  from 
600  to  1200  feet,  a  number  of  openings  are  discovered, 
forming  the  mouths  of  narrow  valleys  or  ravines,  leading 
gradually  up  to  a  central  plateau.  On  shore,  at  all  openings 
where  a  landing  might  be  effected,  military  works  have  been 
nrected  for  the  purpose  of  making  it  secure. 

The  island  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  consists  of  rugged 
mountains,  interspersed  with  numerous  ravines,  in  one  of 
which,  on  its  N.W.  shore,  is  James  Town,  the  residence  of 
the  principal  authorities.  Its  harbor  aflfords  excellent  an- 
chorage in  12  fathoms  of  water,  and  is  defended  by  strong 
batteries.  The  central  plateau  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W. 
by  a  limestone  ridge,  dividing  the  island  into  two  unequal 
portions,  and  attaining  in  Diana's  Peak,  near  its  centre, 
the  height  of  2700  feet,  the  highest  summit  in  the  island. 
Along  the  coast,  W.  of  Sandy  Bay,  there  stretches,  for  a 
considerable  distance,  a  stratum  of  horizontal  columnar 
basalt,  forming  a  stupendous  wall  from  50  to  180  feet 
high.  Some  manganese  is  mined  for  export.  The  por- 
tion of  the  island  N.  of  the  ridge  is  also  rugged,  but 
contains  several  tolerably  level  tracts,  which,  during  the 
season  when  moisture  is  abundant,  are  covered  with  rich 
verdure.  The  largest  of  these  tracts  is  that  of  Longwood, 
where  Napoleon  had  his  residence. 

The  island  is  watered  by  numerous  brooks,  and  about 
one-fifth  of  its  surface  is  fertile;  but  the  native  vege- 
tation, now  becoming  extinct,  was  of  very  remarkable 
character,  many  of  the  species  being  peculiar  to  the  island. 
The  cinchona  tree  grows  here  on  the  highlands.  Many  of 
the  hills  are  crowned  with  plantations  of  Scotch  firs.  The 
climate  is  temperate,  and  invalids  from  the  hot  regions  of 
the  East  recover  rapidly  under  its  influence.  Earthquakes 
have  frequently  been  felt.  The  island  is  far  from  being 
able  to  supply  its  own  wants,  and  almost  the  only  trafiic 
consists  in  furnishing  commodities  to  the  calling  vessels. 
Pop.  6241. 

Saint  Hele'na,  a  parish  in  the  E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  the  state  of  Mississippi.  Area,  about  420  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Amite  River,  and 
is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  in  the  E.  part  by  the  Tickfaw 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Mill  Creek  and  Darlings  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Greens- 
burg.     Pop.  in  1870,  6423;  in  1880,  7504;  in  1890,  8062. 

Saint  Helena,  a  post-village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
valley  between  two  mountains,  on  the  California  Pacific 
Railroad,  68  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco,  and  8  miles  S.  of 
Calistoga.    It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper 


ofSce,  and  5  wine-cellars.  It  is  situated  in  a  region  whioh 
produces  many  grapes,  and  is  partly  supported  by  trade  in 
wine.     Pop.  in  1890,  1705. 

Saint  Helena,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  10  miles 
below  Yankton,  S.D.,  and  100  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Saint  Helena,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Genesee  River,  3  miles  E.  of  Castile  Station.  Pop, 
about  150. 

Saint  Helena,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  com- 
prises St.  Helena,  Ladies',  and  other  islands  of  the  sea- 
island  chain.  Pop.  6152,  more  than  five-sevenths  of  whom 
are  on  St.  Helena  Island. 

Saint  Helena  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Beau- 
fort CO.,  S.C,  is  about  13  miles  in  length.  It  has  a  popu- 
lation of  over  5000,  nearly  all  colored.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school,  called  the  Penn  School,  with  more 
than  200  pupils. 

Saint  Hele'na  Port  (Sp.  Puerto  Santa  Elena,  pw8R'- 
to  sin'ti  i-li'ni),  E.  coast  of  Patagonia,  an  inlet  interme- 
diate between  the  Gulfs  of  St.  George  and  St.  Matthias. 

Saint  Hel'en's,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Mersey,  3i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prescot,  at  a 
railway  junction.  Pop.  68,628,  engaged  in  raising  coal, 
in  extensive  plate-glass-,  bottle-,  and  chemical  factories, 
and  in  copper-works.  It  has  a  church,  various  handsome 
chapels,  a  town  hall,  a  market-house,  and  a  branch  bank. 

Saint  Helen's,  Scilly  Islands.    See  Saint  Hellan'b. 

Saint  Helen's,  Michigan.    See  Saint  Helen. 

Saint  Helen's,  South  Carolina.    See  Saint  Helena. 

Saint  Helen's,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario, 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Goderich.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Helen's  Island,  a  beautiful  island  in  the  St. 
Lawrence,  opposite  the  E.  end  of  the  city  of  Montreal.  It 
is  about  J  of  a  mile  long  by  J  of  a  mile  broad,  and  is  clothed 
with  fine  trees.  It  is  considered  of  great  importance  as  a 
defence  of  Montreal,  and  is  the  property  of  the  government. 
It  has  a  rifle-range,  barracks,  and  military  storehouses. 

Saint  Helen's,  Mount,  Washington,  a  dome-shaped 
volcanic  peak  of  the  Cascade  Range,  in  Skamania  co.,  near 
lat.  46"  20'  N.  and  Ion.  122°  W.  Its  summit  is  covered 
with  perpetual  snow.  It  is  an  active  volcano,  and  was  in 
a  state  of  eruption  in  1843,  but  it  has  ceased  to  emit  lava. 
Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  12,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Saint  Hel'ier's  (Fr.  Saint-HSlier,  siNt  iMe-i'),  the 
capital  town  of  the  island  of  Jersey,  on  its  S.  coast,  at  the 
E.  side  of  St.  Aubin's  Bay.  Lat.  49°  11'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  6' 
W.  Pop.  30,756.  It  stands  between  two  rocky  heights,  on 
the  E.  of  which  is  the  citadel.  Fort  Regent,  overlooking  the 
inner  harbor.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways,  and  has 
a  central  square,  in  which  are  the  parish  church,  court- 
house, reading-rooms,  hotels,  market-house,  the  theatre, 
jail,  and  several  chapels.  On  a  rocky  island,  off'  the  shore, 
is  Elizabeth  Castle,  a  fortress  of  imposing  appearance.  The 
town  is  the  seat  of  Victoria  College,  and  is  the  residence 
of  many  retired  officers  of  the  army  and  navy,  foreigners, 
and  families  of  limited  income.  It  has  an  active  trade,  and 
is  the  seat  of  the  representative  parliament  of  Jersey. 

Saint  Hel'lan's,  one  of  the  small  Scilly  Islands,  off 
the  coast  of  Cornwall,  in  England. 

Saint  Henri,  Quebec.    See  Tannery  West. 

Saint  Henri  de  Lauzon,  siNt  fiN»'ree'  d§h  lo^zft»» , 
a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Etchemin, 
Si  miles  from  St.  Henri  Station.  It  contains  a  church,  S 
or  9  stores,  and  several  mills.  Copper  ore  is  found  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Hen'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cass  township,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has 
a  church. 

Saint  Henry,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Henry's,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  in 
Granville  township,  15  miles  N.  of  Ansonia  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  3  general  stores,  and  4  other  stores. 

Saint-Herblain,  siNt  SR^bliNo',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  6  miles  W.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2611. 

Saint-Herblon,  siNt  SR^bliN"',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Ancenis.  Pop.  of 
commune,  2864. 

Saint  Hermas,  siNt  4R^mi',  a  post- village  and  parish 
of  Quebec,  co.  of  Two  Mountains,  is  situated  on  the  Lake 
of  Two  Mountains,  40  miles  W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  1307. 

Saint  Hermogenes,  s§nt  h§r-moj'e-n6z,  an  island  off 
the  coast  of  Alaska,  N.E.  of  Kadiak.  Lat.  58°  10'  N.; 
Ion.  152°  3'  W.  It  was  discovered  by  Behring,  and  visited 
by  Cook  and  Erusenstern. 


I 


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2347 


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Saint-Hilaire^  s^Nt  eeM&n',  a  town  of  France,  Nord, 
8  miles  E.  of  Cambrai.     It  manufactures  batiste.    P.  2386. 

Saint-Hilaire-des-Loges,  s&Nt  eeM&R'  d&  lozh,  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Vend6e,  7  miles  E.  of 
Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  2468. 

Saint-Hilaire-de-Talmont,  siNt  ee^I&R'  d^h  t&l^- 
m6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vend6e,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Les  Sables.     Pop.  of  commune,  2739. 

Saint -Hilaire-du-Harcouet,  skui  eeM&R'  dii 
haR^koo^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Mortain.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
linen,  leather,  hemp,  woollen  cloth,  &o.     Pop.  3148. 

Saint  Hilaire  Yillagey  a  post-village  in  Rouville 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  i  mile  from  St.  Hilaire 
Station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  24  miles  from  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  an  academy,  a 
brewery,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  300.  See  Mont  Saint 
Hilaire. 

Saint-Hippolyte,  s^Nt  eep'poMeet',  atown  of  France, 
in  Gard,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Le  Vigan.  Pop.  3960.  It  has 
an  old  castle,  tanneries,  flour-mills,  silk-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  hats,  gloves,  and  hosiery. 

Saint-Hippolyte  (Ger.  Sand  Pilt,  sinkt  peelt),  a 
town  of  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg  A  Basel  Railway,  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Schlettstadt.     Pop.  1935. 

Saint  Hippolyte  (siNt  eep'po^leet')  de  Kilken'ny, 
a  post-village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  48  miles  N.W.  of 
Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Honor6,  s^Nt  o^no^r^',  a  post-village  in  Beance 
CO.,  Quebec,  75  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Honor^,  Quebec.    See  Armand. 

Saint-Hubert,  siln»  hii^baiR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  17  miles  W.  of  Bastogne.     Pop.  2315. 

Saint  Hnbert,  sty  hil^baiR',  a  post-village  in  Cham- 
bly  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Montreal.     It  has  2  or  3  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Huber'tus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  oo., 
Minn.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington. 

Saint  Hugues,  s&Nt  iig,  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Bagot,  11  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.   P.  500. 

Saint  Hyacinthe,  s^nt  hi'a-sinth  (Fr.  pron.  siNt 
ee^i^siNt'),  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec,  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area,  263  square  miles. 
Capital,  St.  Hyacinthe.     Pop.  18,310. 

saint  Hyacinthe,  a  city  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
«o.  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  on  the  river  Yamaska,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  35i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montreal.  The 
principal  institutions  are  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral, 
Bishop's  palace,  college,  bank,  H6tel-Dieu,  nunnery,  city  hall 
and  market,  and  court-house.  The  college  is  a  fine  cut- 
stone  building,  700  feet  in  length,  and  has  12  professors. 
There  are  also  in  the  town  a  grist-  and  saw-mill,  a  number 
of  stores,  several  hotels,  2  printing-offices,  and  manufactories 
of  woollens,  wooden-ware,  leather,  lace,  organs,  iron  cast- 
ings, mill-machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  3746. 

Saint  Ig^nace'  (Fr.  pron.  s&Nt  een^yiss'),  a  post-town- 
ship of  Mackinaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  bay  of  Lake  Huron, 
about  45  miles  N.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
large  saw-mill.     Pop.  326. 

Saint  Ignace,  s&Nt  een^y&ss',  a  post- village  in  Quebec 
CO.,  Quebec,  1  mile  from  Lorette.  Pop.  300,  See  also 
CoTEAU  Du  Lac. 

Saint  Ignatius,  s^nt  ig-na'she-us,  a  post-office  of  Mis- 
■oula  CO.,  Montana. 

Saint  Imier,  s&Nt  ee^me-&'  (Ger.  Sanet  Immer,  s&nkt 
lm'm§r),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  12  miles 
W.  of  IBrienne.     Pop.  of  commune,  5714. 

Saintines,  siwHeen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise, 
about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Beauvais. 

Saint  In'igoes,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Annapolis,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

Saint  Ir§n6e,  Quebec.    See  Saints  Ir£n£e. 

Saint  Is'idore  de  Montreal  (Fr.  pron.  s&Nt  ee^zee^- 
doR'  d^h  m6N»HrA-il'),  a  post-village  in  Laprairie  co.,  Que- 
bec, 15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Isidore  de  Quebec,  s&Nt  ee^zee'doR'  d^b  k&^- 
bik',  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  20i  miles  S. 
by  E,  of  Quebec.  It  has  saw-,  grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling- 
mills,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  650. 

Saint  Ives,  s^nt  ivz,  a  borough  and  town  of  England, 
eo.  of  Cornwall,  on  its  N.  coast,  7^  miles  N.E.  of  Penzance. 
Pop.  6965.  The  town  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  W. 
Bide  of  St.  Ives'  Bay.  It  has  a  spacious  church,  some  dis- 
senting chapels,  a  town  hall,  a  jail,  a  literary  institution,  a 
eustom-house,  a  harbor  protected  by  a  pier  built  in  1770, 


a  thriving  pilchard-fishery,  and  exports  of  copper,  tin,  and 
slates  from  its  vicinity. 

Saint  Ives,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  b  miles  E.  of 
Huntingdon,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Quae,  her* 
crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge.     Pop.  3291. 

Saint  Ives,  s^nt  ivz,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  m., 
Ontario,  5  miles  from  Thorndale.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Ja'cob  (Ger.  Sanct  Jakob,  sinkt  yl'kop),  a  ham- 
let of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Basel.  It* 
vicinity,  entitled  "  the  Swiss  Thermopylae,"  was,  on  the  26th 
of  August,  1444,  the  scene  of  a  desperate  action,  in  which 
1600  Swiss  sustained  for  1 0  hours  a  fight  against  the  French 
army  of  Louis  XI.,  ten  times  as  numerous,  and  oat  of 
which  only  10  Swiss  escaped. 

Saint  Jacobi  Parochi,  yS.-ko'bee  p&-ro'kee,  a  com- 
mune of  the  Netherlands,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Leeuwarden. 
Pop,  2891. 

Saint  Ja'cob's,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co,.  Ill,,  on 
Silver  Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St,  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  cigar- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Saint  Jacobs,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Conestogo  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory,  tannery,  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.     P.  450. 

Saint-Jacques,  a  town  of  France.    See  Saint  James. 

Saint  Jacques,  river,  Canada.    See  Saint  James. 

Saint  Jacques  de  I'Achigan,  s4n«  zh&k  deh  1&^- 
she^gftN"',  a  post- village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Montcalm,  13  milei 
N.N.W.  of  L'Assomption.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a 
brewery,  &c.     Pop.  800. 

Saint  Jacques  le  Mineur,  s&nb  zh&k'l^h  mee^nun', 
a  post-village  in  Laprairie  oo.,  Quebec,  5  miles  from 
L'Acadie.     It  has  4  stores  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Jago,  a  Cape  Yerd  island.    See  Santiago. 

Saint*  Jal,  s4n<>  zh&l,  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Corrize,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1600. 

Saint  James  (Fr.  Saint-Jacquet,  s4no  zhAk),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Manche,  12  miles  S.  of  Avranches.  Pop. 
2070.     It  was  fortified  by  William  the  Conqueror. 

Saiut  James,  in  Spain,  <fcc.     See  Santiago. 

Saint  James  (Fr,  Saint- Jacques,  sAn"  zh&k),  a  rirei 
of  Quebec,  flc^ws  S.E.  23  miles,  and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence 
10  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

Saint  James,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Loaisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Lake 
Maurepas.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Sugar,  mo- 
lasses-, cotton,  rice,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  parish  is  intersected  by  a  division  of  the  Louisville, 
New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad  and  a  division  of  the  Texas 
&,  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Convent.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,152 ; 
in  1880,  14,714;  in  1890,  15,715. 

Saint  James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Evansville  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of 
Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  St.  James  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  i,  Texas 
Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  Catholic 
college. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  1^ 
miles  from  Monkton  Mills,     It  has  3  churches. 

Saint  James,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Manitou  co., 
Mich.,  on  Beaver  Island,  in  Lake  Michigan,  about  70 
miles  N.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  mainly 
supported  by  fishing  and  lumbering.     Pop.  about  250. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  Minnesota,  capital  of 
Watonwan  co.,  in  St.  James  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  122  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul  and  36 
miles  S.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1890,  939;  of  the  town- 
ship, additional,  473. 

Saint  James,  township,  Mississippi  co..  Mo.    P.  1625. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  in  St.  James  township, 
Phelps  CO.,  Mo.,  on  tne  Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rolla,  and  104  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  contains  a  school  called  the  James  Institute,  3  churches, 
a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop-  in  1890, 
467.     The  township  is  drained  by  the  Marameo  River. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co..  Neb.,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Tankton.  It 
has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Saint  James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smithtown  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  50  miles  E,  by  N,  of  Brooklyn, 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  about  30  houses. 


II 


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SAI 


Saint  JameS)  township,  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C.    P.  640. 

Saint  James,  a  Cape  Verd  island.    See  Santiago. 

Saint  James  College,  Md.  See  Collegb  St.  James. 

Saint  James,  Goose  Creek,  a  township  of  Charles- 
ton CO.,  S.C.     Pop.  7795. 

Saint  James  Park,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  London, 
Middlesex  co.,  Ontario.  It  contains  a  bakery,  a  church,  6 
hotels,  6  stores,  and  nurseries  80  acres  in  extent.  The 
Great  Western  Railway  runs  past  it.     Pop.  1200. 

Saint  James,  Santee,  a  township  of  Charleston  co., 
S.C.    Pop.  2657. 

Saint  Jan,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  John. 

Saint  Janvier,  sS.no  zh&N<»Ve-i',  a  post- village  in 
Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Jean  Baptiste  de  Montreal,  s&n*  zhftiio 
blpHeest'  d^h  m6NoHr^^il',  a  village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Hoche- 
laga,  1  mile  from  Montreal,  of  which  it  may  be  considered 
a  suburb.  It  has  a  fine  market,  a  number  of  stores,  several 
hotels,  and  many  good  buildings.     Pop.  4408. 

Saint  Jean  Baptiste  de  Ronville,  s&n"  zh6N» 
bipHeest'  d§h  rooVeel',  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Little  River  Huron,  9  miles  S.  of  St.  Hilaire 
Station.     It  contains  several  stores  and  mills. 

Saint-Jean-Bonnefond,  siN»  zhfiN"  bonn^f6H»',  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  of  commune,  4316. 

Saint  Jean  Chrysostome  de  Chateangnay, 
bS.n«  zhftN"  kree^zosHftm'  d?h  shiHo^gi'  (formerly  called 
Ed'wardstown),  a  post- village  in  Chateauguay  co., 
Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  English  and  Black  Rivers, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Remi.  It  has  2  churches,  6  hotels,  a 
tannery,  a  brick-field,  several  mills,  and  6  stores.     P.  lOOO. 

Saint  Jean  Chrysostome  de  Levis,  s&n<>  zh&N« 
kree^zosH6m'  d§h  14-vee',  a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  13  miles  S.  of  Quebec.  It 
has  saw-  and  grist-mills  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Jean  d'Acre,  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Saint-Jean-d'Ang61y,  s&n"  zh&N<»  d6N"^zhS,Mee',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Boutonne, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saintes.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hospital, 
manufactures  of  brandy,  beer,  serge,  farina,  and  iron  tools, 
and  a  trade  in  cognac  brandy.     Pop.  6309. 

Saint- Jean-de-Bournay,  s&n»  zh5N*d§h  booR^ni', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Isere,  12  miles  B.  of  Vienne.  It 
has  manufactures  of  ribbon,  velvet,  and  wine.     Pop.  1705. 

Saint- Jean-de-Liversay,  sS.no  zh6No  d§h  leeVSR^- 
ek',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf§rieure,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1722. 

Saint-Jean-de-Losne,  sSno  zhfiw*  d?h  15n,  or 
Belle-D6fense,  bfiU  di^fiNss',  a  town  of  France,  in 
C6te-d'0r,  on  the  Sa8ne,  at  its  junction  with  the  Canal  of 
Burgundy,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Beaune.     Pop.  1860. 

Saint- Jean-de-Luz,  sSno  zh5No  d§h  liiz,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Bas8es-Pyr6n6es,  on  the  sea,  12  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Bayonne,  defended  by  3  forts.     Pop.  3131. 

Saint  Jean  de  Matha,  sSno  zh5No  d§h  mS.Hi',  a  post- 
village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomption, 
21  miles  N.  of  Joliette.  It  has  7  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  a 
carding-  and  fulling-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint- Jean-de-Maurienne,  sS.no  zhftNo  d^h  mo^re- 
8nn',  or  San  Giovanni  di  Moriana,  sin  jo-vSn'nee 
dee  mo-re-i'nl,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Arc,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Arran,  44  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chambgry. 
Pop.  2623. 

Saint-Jean-de-Mont,  sS,no  zhfts"  d§h  m6No,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Vendue,  near  the  Atlantic,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Les  Sables.     Pop.  of  commune,  4024. 

Saint  Jean  d'Eschaillons,  sSno  zhfiNo  dfish^i'- 
ydNo',  a  post-village  in  Lotbini^re  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  57  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It  has  3  saw-mills, 
3  grist-mills,  and  7  or  8  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Jean  d'Orl6ans,  sS.no  zh5No  doRMi^5No',  a 
post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Isle  of 
Orleans,  22  miles  below  Quebec. 

Saint- Jean-du-Gard,  sSno  zb5No  dii  gan,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  Gordon  d'Anduze,  arrondisse- 
ment  and  9  miles  W.  of  Alais.  Pop.  2741.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silk  gloves  and  silk  hosiery. 

Saint-Jean-en-Royans,  s4no  zhftso  &ijo  roi^fiNo',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valence, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lionne.  Pop.  1534. 
Saint- Jean-Molenbeek,  Belgium.  See Molenbeek. 
Saint  Jean  Port  Joli,  sSno  zhftso  poB  zhoMee',  a 
post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  L'Islet,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  71  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  about  10  stores.    Pop.  400. 


Saint  J6rdme,  sSno  zhiVSm',  a  post-village  of  Qn©. 
bee,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Terrebonne,  on  the  North  River, 

33  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  the  county  buildings,  a 
church,  a  woollen-factory,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and 
a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  1159. 

Saint  Jerome  du  Lac  Saint  Jean,  sSno  zhiVom' 
dii  lik  sSno  zh6No,  a  village  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  55 
miles  from  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  120. 

Saint-Jeiire,  or  Saint-Jenrre,  sSno  zhuB,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  4  miles  E.  of  Yssingeaux. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2704. 

Saint  Jo,  a  post-village  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  65 
miles  W.  of  Sherman.     It  has  4  churches. 

Saint- Joachim,  sSno  zho^i^kSNo',  a  village  of  fnince, 
in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Savenay. 

Saint  Joachim,  sSno  zho^i^kSNo',  a  post-village  in 
Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 27  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church  and 
6  or  6  stores.    See  also  Chateauguay. 

Saint  Joachim,  Paraguay.    See  San  Joaquin. 

Saint  Joachim  de  Shefford,  sSno  zho'S^kSNo'  d^h 
sherfoR',  a  post-village  in  SheflFord  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.  _ 
of  Waterloo.  m 

Saint  Joe,  a  post-oflSce  of  Searcy  co..  Ark.  "^ 

Saint  Joe,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     See  Blair. 

Saint  Joe,  a  station  of  Minnesota.  See  Saint  Joseph. 

Saint  Joe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Neb.,  8 
miles  from  Grand  Island.     Pop.  50. 

Saint  Joe,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Done- 
gal township,  on  the  railroad  between  Butler  and  Karns 
City,  8i  miles  S.  of  the  latter.  It  has  several  oil-wells  and 
3  gas-wells.  Oil  was  struck  here  in  August,  1874,  and  300 
buildings  were  erected,  which  were  destroyed  by  fire  in  No- 
vember of  that  year. 

Saint  John,  in  France.    See  Saint-Jean. 

Saint  John,  in  Germany.    See  Sanct  Johann. 

Saint  John  (Ger.  Sanct  Johann,  sinkt  yo-h4nn' ;  Hub. 
Szent  Janos,  sfint  yi'nSsh^),  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
31  miles  N.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  1700. 

Saint  John,  in  Italy.    See  San  Giovanni. 

Saint  John,  in  Portugal  and  Brazil.     See  Sao  Joao. 

Saint  John,  in  Spain.    See  San  Juan. 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlet  of  Glenn  co.,  Cal.,  near  tb« 
Sacramento  River,  and  about  48  miles  N.W.  of  Marysville. 

Saint  John,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Duquoin.  It  is  sup- 
ported by  the  manufacture  of  salt,  and  operations  in  coal. 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  John  township.  Lake 
00.,  Ind.,  on  the  Chicago,  Lafayette,  <fc  Louisville  Railroad, 

34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
township,  1686. 

Saint  John,  township,  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1210. 

Saint  John,  a  city  of  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Stafford 
CO.,  48  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  ofiBces.  Pop. 
about  1200. 

Saint  John,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.    See  Bethlehek. 

Saint  John,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas 
Railroad,  near  Edgard,  33  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Saint  John,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  t 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Kent.     Pop.  127. 

Saint  John,  township,  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.     P.  403. 

Saint  John,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  from  Seymour,  Iowa,  and  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  130. 

Saint  John,  a  post-ofiice  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 

Saint  John,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
township,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Sidney.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  convent.     Pop.  105.     Here  is  Maria  Stein  Post-OflBce. 

Saint  John,  a  post-village  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Stockton,  and  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Salt  Lake 
City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Woodville  township,  3  miles  from  Hilbert  Railroad  Station. 

Saint  John,  or  Saint  Jan,  s5nt  y&n,  an  island  of 
the  Danish  West  Indies,  E.N.E.  of  St.  Thomas.  Area,  42 
square  miles.  Chief  exports,  cattle  and  bay  rum.  Capital, 
Crux  Bay.     Pop.  1054. 

Saint  John,  a  river  of  Quebec.    See  Richelieu. 

Saint  John,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  about  120  miles  N.  of 
the  city  of  Quebec.  It  receives  numerous  rivers,  and  con- 
tains many  islands. 

Saint  John,  a  city  and  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  the  province,  and  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  St.  John,  is  picturesquely  situated  at  the  mouth  of 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  on  a  rocky  peninsula  projecting 
into  the  harbor,  190  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax,  and  761  milea 


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e.E.  of  Montreal.  Lat.  45°  14'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  3'  30"  W. 
The  city  is  regularly  laid  out  and  well  built.  The  buildings 
are  chiefly  of  brick  and  stone,  the  principal  public  edifices 
being  St.  Mary's  cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  lunatic  asy- 
lum, city  hospital,  court-house  and  jail,  marine  hospital, 
penitentiary,  almshouse,  male  orphan  asylum,  academy  of 
music,  dramatic  lyceum,  mechanics'  institute,  skating-rink, 
barracks,  and  the  34  places  of  worship.  The  educational 
Institutions  comprise  a  grammar-school,  a  Madras  school, 
and  a  number  of  public  and  private  schools.  St.  John  has 
a  number  of  religious  and  charitable  societies,  a  public 
library,  2  banks  and  2  branch  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an 
efficient  fire-brigade,  fire-alarm  telegraph,  4  daily  and  sev- 
eral weekly  newspapers,  and  a  number  of  hotels.  (The  thriv- 
ing suburb  of  Carleton,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  harbor, 
is  included  within  the  city  corporation.)  The  harbor  of 
St.  John  is  capacious,  safe,  and  never  obstructed  by  ice. 
Its  entrance,  about  2  miles  S.  of  the  city,  is  protected  by 
Partridge  Island,  on  which  are  a  quarantine  hospital  and 
a  light-house.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  channel  below  the 
town  a  breakwater  has  been  constructed  to  intercept  the 
violence  of  the  waves  occasioned  by  southerly  gales.  The 
entrance  of  the  river  St.  John  into  the  harbor,  about  li 
miles  above  the  city,  is  through  a  rocky  gorge  90  yards 
wide  and  400  yards  long,  occasioning  very  remarkable  falls, 
and  spanning  the  gorge  about  100  feet  above  low  water  is 
a  suspension-bridge  640  feet  long.  St.  John  is  the  entrepdt 
of  a  wide  extent  of  country  abounding  in  agricultural  re- 
sources, minerals,  and  valuable  timber,  and  its  situation  at 
the  mouth  of  a  large  river,  with  a  harbor  open  all  the  year 
round,  with  railways  running  from  it  in  every  direction, 
with  extensive  maritime  and  manufacturing  interests,  indi- 
cates its  great  commercial  importance.  St.  John  has  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  steam-engines,  machinery,  edge- 
tools,  nails,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes, 
leather,  wooden-ware,  soap  and  candles,  carriages,  locomo- 
tives, agricultural  implements,  lumber,  paper,  sugar-boxes, 
Ac,  and  its  most  important  branch  of  industry  is  ship- 
building. Between  600  and  900  men  are  yearly  engaged 
in  the  fisheries  in  the  harbor  of  St.  John.  Salmon,  shad, 
herrings,  alewives,  halibut,  and  haddock  are  taken  in  large 
quantities.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  city 
is  well  supplied  with  water  from  a  lake  4  miles  distant. 
The  railway  system  of  New  Brunswick  centres  at  St.  John. 
The  great  Intercolonial  Railway  connects  the  city  with  Nova 
Scotia  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  European  & 
North  American  Railway  connects  it  with  Bangor,  Me.  St. 
John  was  created  a  town  by  royal  charter  in  1785.  The 
city  and  county  return  three  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons  and  six  to  the  provincial  legislature.  Pop.  of 
city  in  1871,  28,805;  in  1881,  26,127;  in  1891,  24,184. 

Saint  John)  a  maritime  county  of  New  Brunswick, 
bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  intersected  by  the 
river  St.  John,  which  at  its  mouth  forms  one  of  the  finest 
harbors  on  the  coast.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Kenne- 
baccasis  and  other  rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  agriculture  has 
made  some  advances ;  the  chief  industry  of  the  inhabit- 
ants, however,  is  directed  to  commerce,  ship-building,  and 
the  fisheries.  St.  John  is  the  most  populous  county  in 
the  province.  Area,  585  square  miles.  Capital,  St.  John. 
Pop.  52,303. 

saint  John  Bap'tist,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  195  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Maurcpas,  and  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Mississippi 
River.  The  surface  is  very  level,  and  scarcely  as  high  as 
the  adjacent  river.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar,  molasses, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Edgard.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6962;  in  1880,  9686;  in  1890,  11,359. 

Saint  John'land)  a  post-village  and  colony  in  Smith- 
town  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  £.  of  Northport. 
Here  is  a  charitable  institution  designed  for  the  education 
of  crippled  children,  the  support  of  indigent  old  men,  &c. 
St.  Jonnland  has  a  church,  a  stereotype-foundry,  a  school, 
the  Old  Man's  Home,  and  a  printing-ofiice. 

Saint  John  River,  of  New  Brunswick,  rises  in  the 
highlands  in  the  N.  of  Maine,  flows  N.E.  150  miles  under 
the  name  of  the  Walloostook,  and,  after  forming  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Maine  and  the  provinces  of  Quebec  and 
New  Brunswick,  turns  in  a  general  S.E.  direction,  inter- 
sects the  latter  province,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 
Length,  450  miles. 

Saint  John's,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida, 
.has  an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
^e  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  St, 


John's  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  mostly  poor. 
Cattle  and  sugar-cane  are  the  chief  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  several  railroads.  Capital,  St.  Augustine. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2618;  in  1880,  4535;  in  1890,  8712. 

Saint  John's,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  rail« 
road,  4  miles  S.  of  Shelbyville. 

Saint  John's,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co., 
Mich.,  in  Bingham  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Pinconning  Railroad,  98 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union 
school,  an  iron-foundry,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  manufao- 
tures  of  carriages,  farming-implements,  Ac.     Pop.  2300. 

Saint  John's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn., 
in  St.  John's  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad. 
6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Willmar.     Pop.  of  the  township,  88. 

Saint  John's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  5^ 
miles  E.  of  Wapakoneta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  John's,  Mercer  co.,  0.    See  Saist  Joaif. 

Saint  John's,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  co.,  Oregon. 

Saint  Johns,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  the  Richelieu  River.  Area,  175  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Rouse's 
Point  division).     Capital,  St.  Johns.     Pop.  12,122. 

Saint  John's,  a  seaport  and  city,  capital  of  New- 
foundland, near  the  extremity  of  the  easternmost  of  the 
peninsulas  which  project  from  the  E.  portion  of  the  island, 
1655  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Galway,  Ireland,  this  being  the 
shortest  distance  between  any  two  seaports  of  Europe  and 
America,  and  1076  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  Lat.  47°  33'  6" 
N. ;  Ion.  52°  3'  W.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  very  best.  It 
is  enclosed  by  two  mountains,  between  the  E.  points  of 
which  is  the  entrance,  called  "the  Narrows,"  which  is  de- 
fended by  fortifications.  It  has  12  fathoms  of  water  in 
mid-channel,  but  only  one  vessel  can  pass  at  a  time. 
Within  there  is  ample  space  for  shipping  in  good  anchorage 
with  perfect  shelter.  There  are  no  perceptible  tides.  The 
town  consists  chiefly  of  one  street,  about  li  miles  in  length. 
It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  well  supplied  with  water.  The 
public  buildings,  exclusive  of  the  churches,  are  the  govern- 
ment house,  house  of  assembly,  hospital,  penitentiary,  poor- 
house,  and  banks.  There  are  8  places  of  worship,  one  of 
which  is  a  fine  cathedral  erected  for  the  Roman  Catholics  at 
a  cost  of  $800,000.  The  Episcopal  cathedral  is  also  a  fine 
edifice.  It  cost  over  $120,000.  The  educational  institu- 
tions comprise  2  schools  in  connection  with  the  Church  of 
England,  one  belonging  to  the  Wesleyan  Church,  and  2  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  There  are  several  religious 
and  benevolent  societies,  a  mechanics'  institute,  an  agricul- 
tural society,  foundries,  breweries,  tanneries,  a  rope-factory, 
a  block-factory,  a  boot-  and  shoe-factory,  a  cabinet-shop,  a 
saw-mill,  3  biscuit-factories,  several  oil-refineries,  and  a 
large  factory  for  making  nets.  The  trade  of  St.  John's 
consists  chiefly  in  supplying  fishermen  with  clothing,  provi- 
sions, and  fishing  and  hunting  gear.     Pop.  (1891)  29,007. 

Saint  John's,  Ontario.    See  Ottawa. 

Saint  Johns  (formerly  Dor'chester),  a  town  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  St.  Johns,  on  the  river  Riche- 
lieu, 27  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal,  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand 
Trunk,  Vermont  Central,  Sheflford  A  Chambly,  Stanstead, 
and  Southeastern  Railways.  St.  Johns  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  town  hall,  a  lunatic  asylum,  barracks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  about  40  stores,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings, 
leather,  earthenware,  Ac,  also  saw-,  grist-,  and  planing- 
mills,  brick-fields,  2  breweries,  Ac.  It  is  connected  with 
St.  Athanase,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Richelieu,  by  a 
fine  bridge.  St.  Johns  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber,  grain, 
and  country  produce.     Pop.  3022. 

Saint  Joan's,  a  city,  capital  of  the  island  of  Antigua, 
on  its  N.E.  coast,  and  on  a  fine  harbor.  It  has  costly  water- 
works, a  lunatic  hospital  and  other  hospitals,  a  jail,  Ac.  and 
is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Moravian  bishops.     Pop.  8719. 

Saint  John's  Asylam,  post-office,  Kenton  co.,  Ky. 

Saint  John's,  Berkley,  a  township  of  Charleston  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  7868. 

Saint  Johns'bnrg,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y. 

Saint  John s'bury,  a  post-riilage,  capital  of  Caledonia 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Johnsbury  township,  on  the  Passumpsio 
River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Wells 
River,  44  miles  S.  of  Newport,  and  about  34  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Montpelier.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house  on  a  hill,  a 
graded  school,  an  academy,  a  soldiers'  monument,  the 
athenaeum,  which  has  a  library  of  about  9000  volumes,  a 
national  bank,  which  has  a  capital  of  $500,000,  a  savings- 
bank,  8  or  9  churches,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 


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weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  several  foundries,  machine- 
ehops,  manufactories  of  farming-implements,  and  Fair- 
banks <k  Co.'s  large  manufactory  of  scales  and  balances, 
which  employs  about  300  men,  and  produces  scales  and 
balances  to  the  value  of  $1,500,000  annually.  Mowing-  and 
threshing-machines  are  also  made  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 
3857 ;  of  the  township,  6567. 

Saint  Johnsbury  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Cale- 
donia CO.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Johnsbury  township,  on  the  Passump- 
sio  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  N.  of 
St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Twenty- 
seven  houses,  stores,  Ac,  were  burned  here  in  July,  1876. 

Saint  Johnsbury  £ast,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Johnsbury  township,  on  the  Moose  River, 
about  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  John's  College.  See  Fordbau,  N.Y.,  and 
Annapolis,  Md. 

Saint  John's,  Colleton,  a  township  of  Charleston 
CO.,  S.C.     Pop.  8604. 

Saint  John's  Creek,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  joins  the 
Missouri  River  from  the  right.     It  is  a  good  mill-stream. 

Saint  John's  Island.    See  Chanq-Cheon-Chah. 

Saint  John's  Light- House,  at  the  entrance  of  St. 
John's  River,  Fla.,  exhibits  a  fixed  light  65  feet  high.  Lat. 
30°  21'  N. :  Ion.  81°  33'  W. 

Saint  John's  Light-House,  Lake  Pontchartrain,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Bayou  St.  John,  5  miles  N.  of  New  Or- 
leans.    It  shows  a  fixed  light  48  feet  high. 

Saint  John's  River,  Florida,  rises  in  Brevard  co., 
and  runs  nearly  northward.  It  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  cos.  of  Volusia  and  St.  John's  on  the  right,  and 
Orange,  Marion,  Putnam,  and  Clay  on  the  left,  and  enters 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  Duval  co.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Jack- 
sonville. It  is  nearly  350  miles  long.  Steamboats  of  large 
size  ascend  it  to  Enterprise,  about  250  miles,  and  small 
ones  can  go  much  farther.  It  is  several  miles  wide  at  many 
places,  and  flows  through  a  level  region  in  which  are  many 
lakes  and  orange-groves. 

Saint  Johnstown,  Scotland.    See  Perth. 

Saint  Johns'vilie,  a  post-village  in  St.  Johnsville 
township,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Mohawk  River,  near  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  64  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSoe,  and 
manufactories  of  reapers  and  woollen  goods.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1263;  of  the  township,  2081. 

Saint  John  West,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Catharines.  It  contains  2  stores, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  160. 

Saint  Jo'seph,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana, 
bordering  on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  460  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Kankakee  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  hay, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Erie  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  South  Bend.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,322;  in  1880,  33,178;  in  1890,  42,457. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan, 
bordering  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  604  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  which 
enters  Lake  Michigan  in  Berrien  county,  and  drained  by 
the  Fawn,  Portage,  and  Prairie  Rivers,  which  enter  the 
first-named  river  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  or  groves  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  wool,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the 
Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  the  Grand 
Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital,  Centreville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  26,275  ;  in  1880,  26,626  ;  in  1890,  26,366. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  in  St.  Joseph  township, 
Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  & 
Western  Railroad,  lOi  miles  E.  of  Champaign  City,  and  22 
miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order 
post-oflSce,  2  drug-stores,  3  other  stores,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1222. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     P.  1373. 

Saint  Joseph,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.   See  St.  Joseph's  Hill. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind., 

in  German  township,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop. 


Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  12  miles  below  Algona.  It  has  a 
church. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  5 
miles  from  Clyde. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Tensas  parish, 
La.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  40 
miles  above  Natchez.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  in  St.  Joseph  township, 
Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  about  60  miles  by  water  E.N.E.  of  Chi- 
cago, 22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Niles,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Ben- 
ton Harbor.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad.  It  has  8  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  brick- 
school-house  which  cost  $40,000,  a  national  bank,  several 
hotels,  a  machine-shop,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  baskets,  fruit-packages,  sash  and  blinds,  Ac. 
Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  exported  from  this  place  to 
Chicago.     Pop.  in  1890,  3733;  of  the  township,  4826. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  in  St.  Joseph  township, 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  con- 
tains a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill.  The  township  is 
drained  by  the  Sauk  River.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1013. 
Saint  John's  College  (Catholic)  is  5  miles  from  this  village. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  city  of  Missouri,  the  capital  of  Bu- 
chanan CO.,  is  situated  on  the  left  (E.)  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  about  98  miles  above  Kansas  City,  and  33  miles  by 
land  N.  of  Leavenworth.  By  railroad  it  is  206  miles  W.  of 
Hannibal,  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  133  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Omaha.  It  is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  popu- 
lation and  second  in  commerce  and  manufactures,  being 
outranked  in  the  latter  only  by  St.  Louis.  St.  Joseph  is 
said  to  be  among  the  wealthiest  cities  of  its  population  in 
the  United  States.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre,  being 
the  W.  terminus  of  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad, 
and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  St.  Joseph  A  Grand  Island  Rail- 
road. Other  railroads  which  converge  here  are  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quincy,  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council 
Blufi°B,  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6,  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  A  Pacific,  the  Missouri  Pacific,  the  Chicago  Great 
Western,  and  the  St.  Joseph  Terminal.  There  is  a  costly 
iron  railway-  and  wagon-bridge  over  the  river,  divided  into 

3  fixed  spans  of  300  feet  each,  1  of  80  feet,  and  a  pivot  draw- 
span  of  365  feet.  St.  Joseph  has  27  churches,  8  banks  (the 
capital  of  which  aggregates  $1,700,000),  2  savings-banks, 
a  fine  court-house,  one  of  the  handsomest  high-school  build- 
ings in  the  West,  29  free  schools,  6  grammar  schools,  3 
opera-houses,  2  theatres,  a  city  hall,  magnificent  water 
works  (gravity  system,  with  3  large  reservoirs),  gas-works, 
a  woollen-factory,  several  manufactories  of  carriages,  sad- 
dlery, and  furniture,  extensive  manufactures  of  shoes, 
clothing,  and  furnishing  goods,  fine  stock-yards,  5  large 
establishments  for  packing  pork  and  beef  and  4  for  poultry, 

4  iron-foundries,  many  brick-yards,  and  several  steam-mills 
and  breweries.  According  to  the  returns  of  the  United 
States  census  of  1890  there  were  in  operation  in  that  year 
190  industrial  establishments,  having  an  aggregate  capital 
of  $4,649,584,  and  giving  employment  to  4574  hands.  The 
wages  paid  aggregated  $2,081,067,  and  the  manufactured 
product  was  valued  at  $11,060,891.  St.  Joseph  is  the  seat 
of  a  state  asylum  for  the  insane  and  of  several  educational 
colleges.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here,  1  daily  being  in  the  German  language.  This 
city  was  laid  out  as  a  village  in  1843,  and  incorporated  in 
1853.  It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,565;  in  1880,  32,431;  in  1890,  52,324;  in  1895  (esti- 
mated), 61,000. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn., 
20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Florence,  Ala.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Joseph,  one  of  the  Seychelles  Islands  of  the 
Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  61°  51'  E. 

Saint  Joseph,  an  island  of  Ontario,  in  the  channel 
between  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron.  Lat.  46°  16'  N. ;  Ion. 
84°  10'  W.     Length  and  breadth,  about  16  miles  each. 

Saint  Joseph  (Fr.  pron.  s&n"  zho'zSf ),  a  post-village 
in  Westmoreland  co.,  New  Brunswick,  3  miles  from  Mem- 
ramcook.  It  is  the  seat  of  St.  Joseph  de  Memramcook 
College,  with  8  professors.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Joseph  de  Beauce,  sS.n»  zhoVSf  d§h  boce,  a 
thriving  post-village  and  parish  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  42i 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Quebec.  It  has  3  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills, 
and  5  or  6  stores.  Copper  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 
Pop.  450 ;  of  the  parish,  2981. 

Saint  Joseph  de  Levis,  Quebec.    See  Laubow. 

Saint  Joseph  de  Maskinonge.    See  Maskinonge. 

Saint  Joseph  du  Lac,  s&n"  zho^zif  dii  l&k,  a  post- 


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Tillage  in  the  co.  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  near  the 
Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  30  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Jo'seph  River^a  branch  of  the  Maumee,  rises 
in  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Williams 
00.,  0.  It  runs  southwestward,  and  soon  enters  the  state 
of  Indiana,  in  which  it  intersects  De  Kalb  co.,  and  unites 
with  St.  Mary's  River  at  Fort  Wayne  to  form  the  Maumee 
|River.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Saint  Joseph  River  rises  in  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich., 
and  drains  parts  of  Calhoun,  Branch,  and  St.  Joseph  cos. 
It  pursues  a  tortuous  course,  the  general  direction  of  which 
is  nearly  westward,  runs  through  Elkhart  Co.,  Ind.,  to  South 
Bend,  and  a  few  miles  below  that  town  returns  into  Michi- 
gan. It  next  runs  nearly  northward  through  Berrien  co., 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  St.  Joseph.  It  is  about  250 
miles  long.   Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  South  Bend. 

Saint  Joseph's  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, situated  in  Calhoun  co.,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Florida.  It 
is  formed  by  a  narrow  crooked  peninsula,  extending  from 
the  mainland  to  Cape  St.  Joseph,  the  S.  extremity  of  which 
forms  Cape  San  Bias.  Length,  nearly  25  miles  ;  greatest 
breadth,  about  10  miles. 

Saint  Joseph's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
at  St.  Joseph  Station,  8  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.  Here  is 
a  church. 

Saint-Josse-Ten-Noode.     See  Josse-Ten-Noode. 

Saint  Jude,  s5.n"  zhiid,  a  post-village  in  St.  Hyacinthe 
CO.,  Quebec,  13i  miles  N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Ju'iian,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
W.  of  Borneo. 

Saint  Julian,  Malta.    See  San  Giuliano. 

Saint  Ju'lian  (Sp.  San  Julian,  sin  Hoo-le-4n'),  a  har- 
bor on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia.     Lat.  49°  8'  S. 

Saint-Julien-de-Chapteuil,  8S,n<»  zhii'le-^N"'  d§h 
fihip'tui',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  near  the  Su- 
mSne,  8  miles  E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1054. 

Saint-Julien-de-Concelles,  sii^  zhiiMe-5.No'  d^h 
k6N»^s511',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  of  commune,  3971. 

Saint-Julien-du-Sauit,  sku"  zhiiMe-iN<>'  dii  so,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf^rieure,  on  the  Yonne,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1521. 

Saint- Julian- en- Jarret,  s&n"  zhUMe-S,N»'  Sn* 
ihaRV4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the  Gier,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne.  Pop.  4553.  It  has  coal-mines, 
iron-furnaces,  forges,  and  manufactures  of  braid,  nails,  &c. 

Saint-Junien,  s&no  zhii^ne-&N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  on  the  Vienne,  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Glane,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Rochechouart.  Pop.  5736.  It  has 
a  very  fine  parish  church,  a  communal  college,  tanneries, 
active  manufactures  of  serge,  blankets,  quiltings,  leather 
gloves,  hats,  and  porcelain,  and  large  monthly  fairs. 

Saint  Just,  Ualdimand  co.,  Ontario.   See  Hullsville. 

Saint  Justin,  s4n»  zhiis^tiwo',  a  post-village  in  Maski- 
nonge  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from  Maskinonge.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  225. 

Saint-Just-la-Pendue,  s^no  zhiist  \k  p&No^dii',  a 
Tillage  of  France,  in  Loire,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Roanne. 

Saint-Just-Malmont,  84n»  zhiist  mirm6No',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Yssin- 
geaux.     Pop.  of  commune,  2014. 

Saint- Just- pr^s  -  Brioude,  s4n<»  zhiist  pri  bre- 
ood',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Loire,  ar- 
rondissement  of  Brioude.     Pop.  1418. 

Saint-Just-pr^s-Chomelix,  b^n"  zhiist  pr&  sho^- 
m^h-lee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Loire, 
arrondissement  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1582. 

Saint-Just-sur-Loire,  s&n«  zhiist  siiR  Iwan,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Loire,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Montbrison. 

Saint  Kii'da,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  Atlantic, 
82  miles  W.  of  Harris  (Hebrides).  Lat.  57°  48'  32"  N.; 
Ion.  8°  32'  2"  W.  Area,  about  4000  acres.  Pop.  71,  who 
all  live  in  a  village  near  the  S.E.  coast. 

Saint  Kii'da,  a  southern  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Aus- 
Pop.  9089. 

Saint  Kil'ian,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lao  co.,  Wis. 

Saint  Kitt's,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  Christopher. 

Saint  Lambert,  sii.N<»  l&M*baiR',  a  post-village  of  Que- 
bec, CO.  of  Chambly,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  E.  end  of 
the  Victoria  Bridge,  and  at  the  western  terminus  of  the 
Montreal,  Chambly  &  Sorel  Railway,  H  miles  from  Mon- 
treal.    Pop.  400. 

Saint  Lambert  de  Lauzon,  d^h  Io^z6ii*',  a  poet- 
village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  18  miles  S.  of  Levis. 

Saint  Lan'dry,  a  parish  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
ha«  an  area  of  about  1700  square  miles.     It  is  bounded 


on  the  E.  by  Atchafalaya  Bayou,  which  is  navigable,  aad 
is  drained  by  Courtableau,  Nezpique,  and  Teche  Bayous. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered  with  for« 
ests  and  cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton, 
cattle,  Indian  corn,  sugar-cane,  and  pork  are  ihe  staple 
products.  This  parish  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  tb« 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Opelousas.  Pop.  in 
1870,  25,553;  in  1880,  40,004;  in  1890,  40,260. 

Saint-Laurent,  s4n»  la^rbv',  a  village  of  Belgium,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  of  commune,  3296. 

Saint- Laurent,  the  French  for  St.  Lawrencb. 

Saint  Laurent,  siN<>'  lo^r&N«',  a  post-village  of  Mani- 
toba, on  Lake  Manitoba,  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Winnipeg. 
It  contains  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  167. 

Saint-Laurent-de-Cerda,  sisa  lo^r&N"'  d^h  aia^- 
di',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pyr6n6es-0rientale8. 
10  miles  S.W.  of  C6ret.     Pop.  1739. 

Saint-Laurent-de-la-Salanque,  s4n«  l5^r&N>' 
d§h  14  s4M4Nk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orien tales, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Agly,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Perpignan, 
and  3  miles  from  the  sea.     It  has  salt-works.     Pop.  3990. 

Saint  Laurent  de  Montreal ,  skjc  lo^rdM<>'  d^h  m6N<>'- 
tr4^4l',  a  post-village  in  Jacques  Cartier  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
island  of  Montreal,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a 
church,  a  college,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Laurent  d'Orl6ans,s&N»  l6*r6N»'  doRM4^ft»«', 
a  post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Isle  of 
Orleans,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec. 

Saint-Laurent-du-Pont,  s&n»  lo'r6N«'  dii  p6w,  • 
town  of  France,  in  Isere,  14  miles  N.  of  Grenoble.  Pop 
of  commune,  2484. 

Saint-Laurent-sur-Gorre,  sS,N<»  lo^rfis"'  sUr  goR, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  on  the  Gorre,  14  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  of  commune,  2422. 

Saint-Laurent-sur-Sevre,  s4n»  lo^rfiw'  silR  siv'r, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue,  on  the  Sevre-Nantaisej  3  milef 
S.E.  of  Mortagne-sur-Sevre.     Pop.  2008, 

Saint  Lawrence,  in  France.    See  Saint-Lauremt. 

Saint  LaAvrence,  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Spanish  Amer^ 
ica.    See  San  Lorenzo. 

Saint  Lawrence,  in  Portugal  and  Brazil.  See  Sao 
L0UREN90. 

Saint  Law'rence  (Fr.  Saint-Laurent,  sin"  15ViN»' ; 
Ger.  Sanct  Lorenzfluss,  sinkt  lo'rSnts-flSSss^),  one  of  the 
largest  rivers  of  North  America,  issues  from  Lake  Ontario 
in  about  44°  10'  N.  lat.  and  76°  30'  AV.  Ion.,  and,  flowing 
in  a  N.E.  direction,  forming  in  a  part  of  its  course  tha 
boundary  between  New  York  and  Canada,  falls  into  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  by  a  broad  estuary  in  about  49°  30' 
N.  lat.  and  64°  W.  Ion.  Viewing  this  river  in  connection 
with  the  great  Western  lakes,  of  which  it  forms  the  outlet, 
it  may  be  said  to  rise  at  the  sources  of  the  St.  Louis,  which 
flows  into  Lake  Superior.  It  has  received  difi"erent  names 
in  difi"erent  parts  of  its  course :  between  Lakes  Superior 
and  Huron  it  is  called  the  St.  Mary;  between  Lakes  Huron 
and  Erie,  the  St.  Clair  and  Detroit;  between  Lakes  Erie 
and  Ontario,  the  Niagara;  between  Lake  Ontario  and 
the  sea  it  takes  the  name  of  St.  Lawrence.  Its  whole 
length,  including  the  chain  of  lakes,  is  estimated  at  2200 
miles.  The  distance  from  Lake  Ontario  to  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  is  about  750  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  ships  of 
the  line  to  Quebec,  and  for  vessels  of  600  tons  to  Montreal. 
Between  Montreal  and  the  lake  the  navigation  is  consider- 
ably impeded  by  rapids,  the  most  important  of  which  are 
the  Cedar  and  the  Lachine  Rapids,  the  latter  9  miles  above 
Montreal.  The  total  elevation  between  tide-water  and 
Lake  Ontario  is  about  230  feet.  This  is  overcome  by  canals 
varying  from  1  mile  to  12  miles  in  length  (but  in  the  ag- 
gregate only  41  miles  of  canal).  Owing  to  the  regular  in- 
clination of  the  rapids,  steamers  drawing  7  feet  of  water 
descend  without  the  aid  of  canals.  From  Lake  Ontario  to 
Lake  Erie  an  elevation  of  330  feet  is  overcome  by  a  canal. 
Obstructions  in  Lake  St.  Clair  and  the  rapids  at  Sault  Ste. 
Marie,  between  Lakes  Superior  and  Michigan,  are  also 
overcome  by  means  of  canals.  By  means  of  the  Sorel  ot 
Richelieu  River  and  Chambly  Canal,  large  vessels  pass 
from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Lake  Champlain,  which  commu- 
nicates through  the  Champlain  Canal  with  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  Hudson.  The  principal  aflSuents  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  are  the  Ottawa,  800  miles  long,  forming  the 
boundary  between  Ontario  and  Quebec,  and  the  St.  Mau- 
rice, Batiscan,  and  Saguenay,  from  200  to  400  miles  in 
length.  The  breadth  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  very  unequal, 
varying  from  less  than  a  mile  to  3  or  4  miles.  Across  its 
mouth,  from  Cape  Gasp6,  the  distance  is  above  100  miles. 
This  stream  contains  numerous  islands  :  in  an  expansion  of 
the  river  near  its  egress  from  Lake  Ontario  there  is  a,  mul- 


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titadinous  group,  called  the  "Thousand  Islands,"  present- 
ing to  the  traveller  an  endless  variety  of  charming  scenery. 
This  portion  of  the  river  is  sometimes  called  the  "  Lake  of 
the  Thousand  Islands."  The  St.  Lawrence,  with  its  tribu- 
taries, drains  an  area  estimated  at  335,515  square  miles,  of 
which  90,000  are  covered  by  the  waters  of  the  five  great 
lakes.    See  Gulf  of  Saint  Lawrence. 

Saint  Lawrence )  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Tork, 
has  an  area  of  about  2926  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  which  separates  it  from 
Canada,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Indian,  Grass,  Oswegat- 
chie.  Racket,  and  St.  Regis  Rivers,  which  are  aifiuents  of 
the  first-named  river.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
sxcept  a  level  tract  which  extends  along  the  St.  Lawrence 
River  and  is  about  10  miles  wide.  A  large  portion  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  oak, 
beech,  birch,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile, and  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter,  hay, 
oats,  potatoes,  cattle,  wheat,  maple  sugar,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  The  annual  production  of  hay  and  butter 
in  this  county  is  very  large,  sometimes  exceeding  that  of 
any  other  county  of  the  state.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  Among  the  minerals  are  granite,  iron 
ore,  lead,  limestone,  and  Potsdam  sandstone  (Lower  Silu- 
rian), an  excellent  material  for  building.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad.  Capital,  Canton.  Pop.  in  1870, 84,82ft;  in  1880, 
85,997;  in  1890,  85,048. 

Saint  liawrence,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.,  on  Rush  Lake,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Fergus  Falls. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  Lawrence  town- 
ship, Scott  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Minnesota 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  43  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  327. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape  Vincent 
township,  Jeflerson  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Watertown. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co., 
N.C.,  50  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Wis.,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  845. 

Saint  Lawrence,  Gulf  of.  See  Gitlf  of  St.  Law- 
rence. 

Saint  Lawrence  or  Clark  Island,  an  island  of 
Alaska,  in  Behring  Sea,  in  lat.  63°  N.,  Ion.  170"  W.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  80  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles.  Its  people  are 
Esquimaux.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Lazare,  s&n°  l&^zan',  a  post-village  in  Belle- 
shasse  co.,  Quebec,  27  miles  E.  of  Quebec.  It  has  2  saw- 
mills, 3  grist-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Leger,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo. 

Saint-Leger-sur-d'Henne,  s&n»  l^h-zh^'  siiR  dun, 
a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sadne-et-Loire,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Chaion-sur-Sa6ne.     Pop.  1300. 

Saint»L6on,  sis*  li^6No',  numerous  villages  of  France, 
the  principal  being  in  Allier,  25  miles  from  Palisse. 

Saint  Le'on,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  about 
J8  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Saint  L6on,  8&n<»  14^6no',  a  post- village  in  Maskinonge 
CO.,  Quebec,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Riviere  du  Loup  en  Haut.  It 
has  mineral  springs  and  several  stores,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill, 
and  2  tanneries.     Pop.  400.     See  also  Standon. 

Saint-Leonard,  sii.N»  li^o^naR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Vienne,  II  miles  E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  3464. 

Saint  Leonard,  s§nt  lin'ard,  a  post- village  and  parish 
In  Victoria  co.,  New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Grand  Falls. 
Pop.  1997. 

Saint  Leonard,  6&.v  l^^o^naR',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Nicolet,  9  miles 
from  Acton.     It  contains  a  store  and  a  saw-mill.     P.  747. 

Saint  Leonard  Middleton,  a  town  of  England. 
See  Middleton. 

Saint  Leonardo.     See  San  Leonardo. 

Saint  Leonard's,  s^nt  lAn'ardz,  or  Saint  Leon- 
ard>on>Sea,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  co. 
of  Sussex,  immediately  adjoining  Hastings  on  the  S.W. 
It  has  a  handsome  church  and  the  various  appliances  of  a 
place  of  summer  resort.     Pop.  2737. 

Saint  Leonard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
1  or  2  miles  W.  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Annapolis. 


Saint  Leonard's  Forest,  England,  co.  of  Sussex, 
li  miles  E.  of  Horsham,  occupies  about  10,000  acres,  and 
is  an  enclosed  part  of  the  ancient  Andredswald,  or  Wood  of 
Anderida,  which  in  the  Roman  and  Saxon  period  occupied 
all  the  weald  of  Sussex,  Surrey,  and  Kent. 

Saint  Leonard's  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Bagot  co^ 
Quebec,  10  miles  from  Acton.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Leonhard,  Austria.    See  Sanct  Leonhard. 

Saint-Leu,  sdN<>  Inh,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Reunion, 
on  its  W.  coast,  10  miles  S.  of  Saint-Paul. 

Saint-Leu- Taverny,  s^n"  luh  tiVSn^nee',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pontoise. 

Saint  Liboire,  sliN»  lee^bwar',  a  post-village  in  Bagot 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  44|  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Montreal.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Lib'ory  (formerly  Mud  Creek),  a  post- village 
of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Saint  Libory,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Neb. 

Saint  Liguori,  siN<>  le^gwo^ree',  a  post-village  in 
Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Lac  Ouareau,  39  miles 
N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  3  stores,  and 
saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills. 

Saint  Lin,  eks^  1^n»,  a  post-village  in  L'Assomption 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Achigan,  and  on  the  Montreal 
<fc  Laurentian  Railway,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  MontreaL 
It  has  a  church,  a  carding-mill,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  stores, 
excellent  quarries,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  800. 

Saint-Livrade,  sis"  leeVrid',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot-et-Garonne,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Villenenve-sur-Lot. 

Saint-Ld,  sS.n»  lo  (anc.  Brioveraf),  a  town  of  France^ 
capital  of  the  department  of  Manche,  on  the  Vire,  here 
crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  194  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N. 
of  Paris.  The  centre  part  stands  upon  a  rock,  and  throwa 
out  in  different  directions  streets  which  are  all  more  or  lesi 
steep.  It  has  manufactures  of  cutlery,  serge,  woollen  cloth, 
ticking,  lace,  drugget,  and  linen,  also  bleach-fields  and  dye- 
works.  Saint-Ld  is  the  seat  of  courts  of  first  resort  and 
commerce  and  a  communal  college.     Pop.  9619, 

Saint-Loub^s,  s4n°  loo^b^',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1221. 

Saint-Louis,  8&n«  loo^ee',  or  Sanct  Ludwig,  a 
town  of  Alsace,  4  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Basel,  with  large 
iron-works.     Pop.  1925. 

Saint  Louis,  s^nt  loo'is  or  loo'ee,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 

fart  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  5860  square  miles, 
t  is  bounded  N.  by  Namekan  Lake  and  Namekan  River, 
and  S.E.  by  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  in  the  S.  part  by 
the  St.  Louis  River,  and  by  the  Cloquet  and  other  affluents 
of  the  St.  Louis.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  rugged 
ranges  of  sterile  hills  and  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which 
is  Vermilion  Lake  in  the  N.  central  part.  Extensive  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  area. 
Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county 
is  entered  by  six  railroads,  centring  at  Duluth,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4561;  in  1880,  4504;  in  1890,  44,862. 

Saint  Louis,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  492  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by 
the  Missouri  River,  which  enters  the  former  at  the  N.E, 
extremity  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Marameo 
River,  which  also  forms  part  of  the  southern  boundary. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  moderately  hilly,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  potatoes,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Trenton  limestone  crops  out  in  this 
county,  which  has  extensive  quarries  of  carboniferous  lime- 
stone and  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  Its  annual  product 
of  coal  is  very  large.  Among  its  minerals  is  St.  Louis 
limestone,  a  good  material  for  building.  There  are  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  flour,  clothing,  iron,  malt  liquors, 
bricks,  tobacco,  and  many  other  articles.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  St,  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Colorado  Railroad, 
the  St.  Louis  &  Suburban  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Clayton.  Pop.  in  1870,  351,189;  in  1880, 
exclusive  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  (organized  as  a  separate 
municipality  in  1876),  31,888 ;  in  1890,  36,307. 

Saint  Louis,  a  small  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal., 
about  62  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  is  situated  high  on 
the  Sierra  Nevada.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Saint  Louis,  a  post-village  in  Bethany  township,  Gra- 
tiot CO.,  Mich.,  on  Pine  River,  and  on  the  Saginaw  Valley 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  8 
miles  N.  of  Ithaca.  It  contains  2  banks,  an  academy,  » 
newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  saw-mills,  2  tanneries,  a 
flour-mill,  a  foundry  with  machine-shop,  2  carriage-shops, 
and  a  mineral  spring  with  a  fine  hotel.     Pop.  (1S90)  2246. 


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Saint  LoniS)  s^nt  loo'is  or  loo'ee  (Fr.  skv  loo^ee'),  the 
chief  city  of  Missouri,  the  fifth  in  population  of  the  cities 
of  the.  United  States,  and  a  port  of  delivery  of  the  district  of 
New  Orleans,  is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  21  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  and  by  rail 
696  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  1108  miles  W.S.W.  of  New 
York,  and  2434  miles  E.  of  San  Francisco.  Lat.  38°  37' 
28"  N. ;  Ion.  90°  15'  16"  W.  The  centre  of  one  of  the  finest 
agricultural  districts,  with  admirable  facilities  for  water 
transportation  and  vast  railroad  systems,  St.  Louis  pos- 
sesses almost  unrivalled  business  advantages.  The  great 
Mississippi  gives  it  direct  communication  with  many  thou- 
sands of  miles  of  navigable  water,  and  22  great  lines  of  rail- 
road radiate  from  St.  Louis  as  a  centre,  and  place  it  in  com- 
munication with  all  sections  of  the  country.  Among  the 
railroads  of  the  St.  Louis  system  are  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Francisco,  the  Missouri  Pacific,  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas,  the  Chicago  <t;  Alton,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy,  the  Wabash,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
St.  Louis,  the  Illinois  &  St.  Louis,  the  Vandalia  Line,  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi,  the  Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute,  the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern,  the  Louisville,  Evans- 
ville  &  St.  Louis,  and  others.  All  of  these  lines  now  use 
the  same  station  (the  Union  Depot)  for  passengers,  while 
for  freight  several  terminal  lines  used  more  or  less  in  com- 
mon afford  excellent  facilities  for  handling  traffic.  The 
amount  of  trade  by  river  and  rail,  as  well  as  the  increase 
at  different  periods,  is  shown  by  the  following  figures  : 

1874.  1885.  1890.  1893. 

Receipts,      Tons 3,879,793    7,497,093    10,638,021    11,007,444 


Shipments, 


..1,846,351    4,071,308      5,872,712      5,991,493 


Included  in  these  totals  are  wheat,  the  receipts  of  which 
in  1888  amounted  to  47,202,842  bushels,  and  in  1893, 
77,795,232  bushels;  cotton,  of  which  620,292  bales  were 
received  in  1887-88,  and  733,628  bales  in  1891-92 ;  corn, 
33,809,405  bushels  received  in  1893,  against  21,530,940 
bushels  in  1891 ;  flour,  received  and  manufactured  in  1888, 
3,973,155  barrels,  in  1893,  4,733,838  barrels;  sugar,  re- 
ceipts in  1890,  140,281,225  pounds,  in  1893,  273,331,736 
pounds;  hides,  receipts  in  1890,  28,245,828  pounds,  in 
1893,  45,011,866  pounds.  These  figures,  which  cover  but 
a  few  of  the  staple  articles  of  trade,  explain  to  some  extent 
the  remarkable  increase  during  twenty  years  of  nearly  two 
hundred  per  cent,  in  receipts  and  over  two  hundred  per 
cent,  in  shipments  shown  in  the  statement  of  rail  and  river 
commerce.  The  same  steady,  continuous,  and  rapid  growth 
is  conspicuous  in  nearly  every  line,  but  it  is  in  manufac- 
tures that  the  greatest  progress  has  been  made.  There  are 
the  best  of  reasons  for  this  progress.  An  inexhaustible 
supply  of  coal  is  at  her  door ;  raw  materials  of  every  kind 
are  within  easy  reach,  and  the  transportation  facilities  are 
unrivalled.  The  receipts  of  coal  in  1888  were  67,676,875 
bushels;  in  1893  the  receipts  were  87,769,375  bushels. 
Practically  all  of  this  was  consumed  in  the  city.  Among 
the  industries  in  which  St.  Louis  claims  pre-eminence 
in  this  country  are  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes, 
chewing-  and  smoking-tobacco,  beer,  and  bricks.  In  1883 
there  were  manufactured  in  the  city  500,000  pairs  of 
shoes;  in  1893,  4,500,000  pairs  were  made,  valued  at 
$8,550,000.  St.  Louis  manufactures  more  chewing-  and 
smoking-tobacco  than  any  city  of  the  world,  over  twenty 
per  cent,  of  the  total  product  of  the  United  States  coming 
from  her  factories.  The  production  in  1892  was  57,894,645 
pounds,  against  38,616,639  pounds  in  1888.  The  25  brew- 
eries produced  in  1888,  46,710,815  gallons,  and  in  1893, 
64,879,993  gallons.  The  number  of  pressed  bricks  manu- 
factured in  1893  was  220,000,000.  There  are  over  50  fur- 
piture  factories  in  the  city,  having  an  annual  output  valued 
at  over  $5,000,000.  Among  other  important  industries  are 
the  manufacture  of  plate  glass,  saddles  and  harness,  agri- 
cultural implements,  stoves,  wood  and  willow  ware,  archi- 
tectural iron,  clothing,  railroad  supplies,  and  white  lead. 
The  bonded  debt  of  the  city  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year, 
April  10,  1893,  was  $21,376,021.05,  a  reduction  of  $550,078 
since  1890,  and  bonds  maturing  in  1892  and  1893,  aggrega- 
ting $1,261,000,  were  redeemed  promptly  at  maturity  by  the 
sale  of  renewed  bonds  and  the  revenue  of  the  sinking  funds. 
The  bonds  of  St.  Louis  are  always  sold  above  par.  The 
total  assessed  valuation  of  real  estate  for  1893  was  $304,- 
122,210,  and  the  rate  of  taxation  for  city  purposes  $1.50  on 
the  $100  valuation.  The  total  capital  stock  of  the  26  banks 
of  the  city,  December  31,  1893,  was  $16,83'D,000.  Their 
total  assets  and  liabilities  the  same  date  were  $81,242,915. 
The  total  clearings  for  1893  amounted  to  $1,139,014,291. 
The  remarkable  growth  of  St.  Louia,  especially  during  the 


past  five  years,  and  still  continuing,  is  best  shown  by  the 
reports  of  the  building  commissioner.  From  1889  to  1893 
permits  were  issued  for  20,592  buildings,  of  which  14,338 
were  of  brick  or  stone,  and  the  total  cost  $66,512,995. 
During  these  five  years  the  city  added  at  least  twenty-five 
per  cent,  to  its  improved  territory,  and  this  necessitated 
increased  rapid  transportation  facilities.  As  a  result,  St. 
Louis  has  a  most  complete  electrical  and  cable  street-rail- 
way system.  The  total  mileage  of  the  city  in  1893  was 
288.88  miles,  of  which  but  5.7  miles  was  horse-power,  48.93 
cable,  and  the  balance,  234.25  miles,  electricity.  These 
roads,  operated  by  17  companies,  carried  95,680,550  passen- 
gers in  1893.  Among  the  notable  buildings  are  the  new 
Union  Depot,  costing  over  $2,000,000  and  said  to  be  the 
largest  in  the  world ;  the  new  city  hall,  built  at  a  cost  of 
$2,000,000  and  occupying  a  conspicuous  position  in  Wash- 
ington Park ;  the  new  Planters'  House,  erected  on  the  site 
of  the  old  hotel  of  the  same  name,  which  forty  years  ago 
was  the  most  celebrated  in  the  West ;  the  exposition  build- 
ing, where  for  ten  years  has  been  held  the  only  successful 
permanent  exposition  in  the  country,  if  not  in  the  world ; 
the  custom-house  and  post-office,  a  massive  stone  building, 
which  cost  $8,000,000 ;  the  city  ball,  whose  great  dome  is 
one  of  the  architectural  wonders  of  the  city;  the  Four 
Courts,  an  immense  structure,  resembling  the  Hotel  de 
Ville,  of  Paris,  which  accommodates  the  criminal  courts 
and  the  police  department,  and  in  the  rear  of  which  is  the 
city  jail.  Other  prominent  buildings  are  the  Union  Trust, 
Security,  Wainwright,  Laclede,  Commercial,  Rialto,  and 
Missouri  Pacific  office-buildings,  the  Mercantile  Library, 
the  new  Mercantile  Club,  the  public  library,  the  high 
school,  St.  Louis  University,  St.  Vincent's  Insane  Asylum, 
and  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts.  There  are  a  large  number 
of  beautiful  churches  and  hundreds  of  magnificent  resi- 
dences, St.  Louis  being  essentially  a  city  of  homes.  The 
most  remarkable  structure  here,  however,  is  the  great 
bridge  which  connects  East  St.  Louis  (111.)  with  St.  Louis, 
which,  with  a  railroad  tunnel  extending  4800  feet  under 
the  city,  cost  over  $10,000,000.  St.  Louis  has  more  than 
2000  acres  enclosed  in  public  parks  and  pleasure-grounds, 
some  of  which  are  handsomely  improved ;  but  the  most 
beautiful  spot  in  the  city  is  Tower  Grove  Park,  given  to 
the  city,  with  the  botanical  garden,  by  Henry  Shaw.  It 
contains  about  267  acres.  St.  Louis  has  284  churches  of 
all  denominations.  About  120  newspapers  and  periodicals 
are  published  here,  among  them  some  of  the  best  and  most 
ably  conducted  dailies  and  weeklies  of  the  West.  The 
public  schools  of  St.  Louis  are  deservedly  accorded  a  high 
rank  for  efficiency,  and  it  has  many  excellent  private  and 
parochial  schools,  besides  two  well-endowed  universities, 
several  good  librarie-s,  &c.  There  are  no  less  than  14  repu- 
table medical  colleges. 

The  climate  of  St.  Louis  is  agreeable,  the  mean  annual 
temperature  being  55.7°.  The  purest  of  water  is  secured 
from  the  Mississippi  through  the  works  at  Bissel's  Point, 
and  a  new  system  of  water-works,  costing  over  $5,000,000, 
located  at  Chain  of  Rocks,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Missouri  River,  is  approaching  completion.  The  site  of  St. 
Louis  is  mostly  elevated,  and  consists  of  three  terraces,  the 
first  rising  gradually  for  about  a  mile  to  Seventeenth  street, 
where  the  height  is  about  150  feet;  after  a  slight  declen- 
sion, the  ground  again  rises  to  Twenty-Fifth  street,  when 
it  falls  a  little,  then  rises  in  a  third  terrace  to  Cdte  Brillante, 
4  miles  from  the  river's  edge,  where  it  spreads  out  into  a 
handsome  plain.  The  total  area  of  the  city  is  62^  square 
miles,  with  a  river-front  of  18^  miles,  about  3  miles  of  which 
is  well  wharfed  and  skirted  with  a  paved  and  macadamized 
roadway.  The  city  has  nearly  400  miles  of  macadamized 
and  paved  streets  and  alleys,  nearly  all  the  streets  in  the 
business  quarter  being  paved  with  granite  blocks. 

In  1764,  Pierre  Laclede  Liguest,  with  a  few  companions, 
settled  here,  establishing  a  trading-post  for  furs  and  peltries ; 
this  year  the  total  population  was  said  to  be  120.  In  1303 
the  cession  of  the  territory  then  known  as  Louisiana  brought 
St.  Louis  within  the  United  States ;  in  1811  the  population 
was  1400;  in  1812,  Missouri  Territory  was  organized,  and 
in  1821  was  admitted  as  a  state.  The  next  year  St.  Louis 
was  chartered  as  a  city.  The  constitution  of  Missouri, 
adopted  in  1875,  provided  for  the  separation  of  the  city  and 
county  of  St.  Louis,  and  a  special  charter  as  an  inde- 
pendent municipality  was  granted  in  1876.  It  thus  occu- 
pies the  peculiar  position,  for  this  country,  of  a  city  which 
is  not  in  any  county.  In  1830  the  population  of  St.  Louis 
was  6694;  in  1840,16,469;  in  1850,  77,850;  in  1860,  160,- 
773;  in  1870,  310,864;  in  1880,  350,518;  and  in  1890, 
451,770.  The  estimate  of  the  publishers  of  the  St.  Louis 
city  directory  of  the  population,  January  1, 1894,  is  596,157. 


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Saint  LouiS)  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana, 
about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena. 

Saint  LouiS)  an  island  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  Strait 
of  Magellan. 

Saint  Louis,  s^nt  loo'is  (Fr.  pron.  s^no  loo^ee'),  an 
island  of  Senegambia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal,  belong- 
ing to  the  French.    Lat.  16°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  31'  W. 

Saint  Louis,  or  Andar,  ftNMaR',  a  town  on  St.  Louis 
Island,  capital  of  the  French  possessions  in  Senegambia, 
has  fine  public  buildings  and  mission  schools.  Pop.  15,758 ; 
of  the  banlieue,  12,000. 

Saint  Louis,  s4n<>  loo^ee',  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  S. 
coast,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aux  Cayes. 

Saint  Louis,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  N.  coast,  E.  of 
Port  k  Paix. 

Saint-Louis,  b4no  loo^ee',  a  town,  formerly  the  capital, 
of  the  island  of  Reunion,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Paul, 
near  the  S.W.  coast. 

Saint-Louis,  a  commune  of  the  French  island  of 
Marie-Galante,  in  the  West  Indies.     Pop.  3900. 

Saint  Louis,  New  Brunswick.     See  Palmerston. 

Saint  Louis  Cross'ing,  a  post-village  of  Bartholo- 
mew CO.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Columbus  with  Shelbyville,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  bee-hives. 

Saint-Louis-de-Blandford.    See  Blandforo. 

Saint  Louis  de  Gonzague,  s&n«  loo'ee'  d?h  g6N»^z4g' 
(formerly  Georgetown),  a  post-village  in  Beaubarnois 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Louis,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Beau- 
barnois. It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist- 
mill, and  5  or  6  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Louis  de  Mantawa.    See  Saint  Zenon. 

Saint  Louis  Land'ing,  post-office,  Phillips  co..  Ark. 

Saint  Louis  River  rises  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.,  and 
18  the  outlet  of  numerous  small  lakes.  It  runs  southward 
and  southeastward,  intersects  Carlton  co.,  and  enters  the  W. 
extremity  of  Lake  Superior  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Duluth. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  220  miles.  Its  navigation  is  ob- 
•truoted  by  rapids  or  falls. 

Saint  Louisville,  s^nt  loo'is-vil,  a  post-village  in 
Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Newton  township,  on  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield  <fc  Newark  Railroad,  at  Louisville  Station,  9  miles 
N.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint-Loup,  sis'  loo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sa6ne,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Lure.     Pop.  2785. 

Saint  Luc,  Quebec.     See  Vincennes. 

Saint  Lu'cas,  a  hamlet  in  Auburn  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Old 
Mission,  which  is  on  or  near  the  line  of  Winneshiek  co. 

Saint  Luce,  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  75  miles  below  Riviere 
du  Loup  en  Bas. 

Saint  Lucia,  s^nt  loo-see'a,  often  pronounced  s^nt 
loo-zee'  (Fr.  Sainte- Lucie,  siNt  lii^see'),  one  of  the  British 
West  India  Islands,  in  the  Windward  group,  21  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  St.  Vincent.  Lat.  (N.  point)  14°  5'  N.;  Ion.  60° 
57'  W.  Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  27  miles ;  greatest 
'breadth,  14  miles.  Area,  248  square  miles.  It  has  a  rugged 
and  mountainous  surface.  Many  of  the  heights  assume 
fantastic  shapes,  and  several  of  them  have  been  at  no 
very  remote  period  active  craters.  In  one  of  them,  called 
SoufriSre,  volcanic  agency  is  still  attested  by  the  sulphurous 
vapors  rising  from  it.  The  greater  part  of  the  island  is  cov- 
ered with  dense  forests ;  but  the  valleys  and  lower  heights 
are  well  cultivated  and  remarkably  productive.  St.  Lucia 
had  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  insalubrious  of  all  the 
West  India  Islands,  but  in  this  respect  it  has  greatly  im- 
proved. The  island  is  infested  with  a  venomous  serpent 
called  "the  rat-tail."  Staple  products,  sugar,  molasses, 
rum,  and  cacao.  Coffee  was  formerly  one  of  the  staples. 
Native  sulphur  is  very  abundant.  The  moral  condition  of 
the  inhabitants  is  low.  The  island  bas  a  local  government, 
but  forms  part  of  the  colony  of  Windward  Islands.  The 
thief  towns  are  Castries  (the  capital),  Soufriere  (which 
Bee),  and  Vieuxfort,  on  the  S.  coast.     Pop.  31,610. 

Saint  Lucie,  s^nt  loo-see',  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Indian  River,  near  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  250  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It  is  a  place  of 
winter  resort,  and  has  a  hotel. 

Saint-Lunaire,  sd.N<>  lii^n^K',  a  town  of  France,  in 
lUe-et  Vilaine,  on  the  English  Channel,  4  miles  W.  of  Saint- 
Malo.     Pod.  1201. 

Saint  Maartensdyke,  sdnt  maR't^ns-dlk^  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  on  the  island  of  Tholen. 

Saint-HIacaire,  s4n<>  mi'k^R',  a  town  of  France,  in 


Gironde,  on  the  Garonne,  9  miles  W.  of  La  R6ole.     It  ha* 
a  fine  mediasval  church.     Pop.  2252. 

Saint- Macaire,  a  village  of  France,  in  Mame-et- 
Loire,  arrondisseraent  of  Beaupr6au.     Pop.  1291. 

Saint  Mag'dalen,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Madison.     Here  is  a  church. 

Saint-Maixent,  s3,n»  mfix'6»»'  {li.  MaxentiopolU  Pic' 
tonum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-Slvres,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Niort.  It  has  5  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  hats, 
serge,  hosiery,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  4259. 

Saint  Maiachie,  s&n<>  m&^l&'kee',  or  East  Framp'- 
ton,  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  oo.,  Quebec,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Standon.    It  has  3  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

Saint  Maiachie  d'Ormstown.    See  Orhstown. 

Saint-Malo,  s^nt  m&'lo  or  s&n<>  m&Mo',  a  fortified  sea- 
port town  of  France,  department  of  111 e-et- Vilaine,  on  the 
English  Channel,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ranee,  44  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Rennes.  Pop.  10,061.  It  is  situated  on  a 
peninsula,  connected  by  a  causeway  with  the  mainland,  and 
is  defended  by  strong  bastioned  walls  and  a  castle.  The 
chief  buildings  are  a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  town  hall, 
communal  college,  exchange,  theatre,  chamber  of  commerce, 
school  of  navigation,  and  naval  arsenal.  It  bas  a  commo- 
dious and  secure  harbor,  dry  at  low  water,  but  40  feet  deep 
in  spring  tides,  and  a  large  floating-dock.  It  has  exten- 
sive rope-walks,  manufactures  of  fishing-nets  and  hooks, 
blocks,  and  other  marine  fittings,  snuff,  and  soap,  an  active 
provision-trade  with  the  colonies,  a  brisk  coasting-trade,  and 
many  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries. 

Saint  Malo,  s&n<>  m&Mo',  a  post-village  in  Compton  co., 
Quebec,  30  miles  E.  of  Coaticook. 

Saint-Mand6,  e.kit»  mhvf^Ai,',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  near  the  Wood  of  Vincennes,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Paris,  and  close  to  its  walls.     Pop.  7499. 

Saint  Marc,  siu"  mank,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  its  W. 
coast,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  au  Prince.  It  has  distil- 
leries, and  exports  coffee  and  logwood.     Pop.  3000. 

Saint  Marc,  a  post-village  in  Verchdres  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Richelieu,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has 
a  foundry  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Marcel ,  s6.n»  man-sSl',  a  post-village  in  Richelieu 
00.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamaska,  18  miles  N.  of  St.  Hya«inthe. 

Saint-Marcellin,  sS.n»  maE^siriiN"',  atown  of  France, 
in  Is^re,  near  the  IsSre,  32  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Greno- 
ble. Pop.  2839.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  planted  walks,  a 
large  central  square,  a  communal  college,  a  silk-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese,  liqueurs,  and  pottery. 

Saint-Marcouf,  s&n<>  maR^koof,  two  islets  off  the  N. 
coast  of  France,  department  of  Manche,  in  the  English 
Channel,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cape  La  Hogue,  and  defending 
its  roadstead. 

Saint  Mar'garet's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Annapolis. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Mar'garet's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Margaret's  Bay,  22  miles  W.  of  Halifax 
It  contains  2  stores  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Saint   Maria  Audenhove.     See    Sainte-Marie- 

AUDENHOVE. 

Saint  Marie,  s?nt  maVee',  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co., 
111.,  in  St.  Marie  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  about 
15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Olney,  and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vin- 
cennes. It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1452. 

Saint  Marie,  township.  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.    P.  726. 

Saint  Mark,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Saint  Mark's,  a  post-village  and  shipping-port  of 
Wakulla  co.,  Fla.,  on  St.  Mark's  River,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  <t 
Mobile  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Tallahassee. 

Saint  Mark's,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Hoganville  Station. 

Saint  Mark's,  township.  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     P.  480. 

Saint  Mark's  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises  near 
the  N.  boundary  of  Florida.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction, 
and  enters  Appalachee  Bay. 

Saint-3Iars-d'Outill^,siN<>  maR  dooHee^yi' or  doo  • 
teePy^',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sarthe,  arron- 
dissement  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  of  commune,  2066. 

Saint  Mar'tin,an  island  of  England,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  Scilly  group,  about  2  miles  long.     Pop.  158. 

Saint  Mar'tin  (Fr.  pron.  s&n"  maRH^N"'),  one  of  the 
West  India  Islands,  the  N.  part  belonging  to  the  French 
and  the  S.  to  the  Dutch,  between  Anguilla  and  St.  Barthol- 
omew. Lat.  of  Le  Marigot  (French),  18°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  53" 
10'  W.  Area,  about  30  square  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
well  watered,  and  in  its  S.  part  are  some  lagoons,  from 


SAI 


2355 


SAI 


whioh  the  Dutch  obtain  large  quantities  of  salt.  Of  the 
French  portion,  about  one-third  part  is  under  culture.  The 
«hief  products  are  sugar  and  rum.  Many  cattle  are  reared. 
The  S.  part  is  less  fertile  and  wooded  ;  the  principal  prod- 
ucts are  sugar,  rum,  and  salt.  The  French  and  Dutch 
made  a  settlement  on  this  island  in  1638  j  they  were  ex- 

Jelled  by  the  Spaniards,  who  themselves  abandoned  it  in 
650.  The  French  and  Dutch  subsequently  resumed  pos- 
■ession,  and  divided  it  between  them.  Pop.  of  the  N.  or 
French  division,  3365 ;  of  the  Dutch  or  S.  division,  3101. 

Saint  Martin  (Sp.  San  Martin,  skn  maR-teen'),  an 
island  oflf  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia.     Lat.  50°  40'  S. 

Saint  Martin^  township.  Steams  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  410. 

Saint  Martin,  siH»  maH^tiu"',  a  post-village  in  Laval 
*o.,  Quebec,  on  Isle  J68U8,  12  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 

Saint-Martin-d'Aaxigny,  sis"  maRHfi.N>»'  d5x^een^- 
ree',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cher,  on  the  Moulon^ 
arrondissement  of  Bourges.     Pop.  of  commune,  2581. 

Saint-Martin-de-R6,siM<>  maR^tiu"'  d^h  ri,atown 
of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  La 
Rochelle,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  R6,  in  the  At- 
lantic, having  a  good  port  and  roadstead,  a  citadel,  arsenal, 
hospital,  and  prison.     Pop.  2645. 

Saint-Martin-de-Seignaux,  s4m»  maR'ULis»'  d^h 
ein^yo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Landes,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Dax.     Pop.  of  commune,  2740. 

Saint-Martin  -  de -Yalamas,  sis'  maRUiN*'  d?h 
yi^ll^mis',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Privas.     Pop.  of  commune,  2149. 

Saint-Martin- en-Haut,  siN"  maRH&w'  is*  he,  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Rhdne,  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Lyons.     Pop.  of  commune,  2662. 

Saint-Martin-Lantosqne,  s3,n»  maRH8,N»'  lin'tosk', 
s  town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes.     Pop.  1956. 

Saint  Mar'tin's,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
is  partly  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Chetimaches  Lake,  and  on 
the  E.  by  Atchafalaya  Bayou.  It  is  also  drained  by  Bayou 
Teche.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  cypress,  live-oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  sugar  are  the  staple 
products.  Area,  about  620  square  miles.  This  parish  com- 
prises part  of  the  great  cypress  swamp,  which  is  annually 
inundated.  Capital,  St.  Martinville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9370; 
in  1880,  12,663 ;  in  1890,  14,884. 

Saint  Martin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Wicomico  <fc  Pocomoke  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Berlin.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Martin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo., 
10  miles  S.  of  Tipton. 

Saint  Mar'tin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  an  Ursuline  convent. 

Saint  Martin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wia., 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Saint  Martins,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  oo.,  New 
Brunswick,  3  miles  from  Quaco.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Mar'tin's  Keys,  islands  of  Florida,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  lat.  28°  42'  N.,  Ion.  83°  30'  W. 

Saint  Martin's  River,  a  stream  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Maryland,  traverses  part  of  Worcester  oo.,  and  flows  into 
Sinepnxent  Bay.     It  is  navigable  for  sloops  12  miles. 

Saint  Martinville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Mar- 
tin parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Teche,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
railroad,  about  20  miles  by  rail  or  13  miles  direct  N.  from 
New  Iberia.  Steamboats  can  ascend  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
to  this  place.    It  has  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  (1890)  1814. 

Saint  Mary,  France  ana  colonies.    See  Saintb-Maris. 

Saint  Mary,  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Portugal.  See  Santa 
Maria. 

Saint  Mary,  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Labrador. 

Saint  Mary  (Port.  Santa  Maria,  s&n'ti  m&-ree'&),  the 
southernmost  of  the  Azores,  in  lat.  36°  68'  N.,  Ion.  25°  6' 
W.,  7  miles  long,  and  5  miles  broad.  It  contains  the  small 
town  of  Villa  do  Porto,  and  several  hamlets.     Pop.  7500. 

Saint  Mary,  an  island  in  Delagoa  Bay.    See  Intack. 

Saint  Mary,  a  group  of  long  flat  isles  of  India,  between 
lat.  13°  28'  and  13°  17'  «.,  about  5  miles  from  the  shore. 

Saint  Mary,  a  small  island  of  Madagascar,  at  the  head 
of  Antongil  Bay,  on  the  N.B.  coast.     Lat.  15°  30'  S. 

Saint  Mary,  Iroquois  co.,  111.     See  Beavervillb. 

Saint  Mary,  a  township  of  Mills  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  204. 

Saint  Mary,  a  post-office  of  Pointe  Coup6e  parisn,  La., 
at  New  Roads,  6  miles  from  Bayou  Sara. 

Saint  Mary,  a  township  of  Waseca  oo.,  Minn.    P.  783. 

Saint  Mary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Columbus. 


Saint  Mary,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn. 

Saint  Marylebone,  England.    See  Marylebone. 

Saint  Mary's,  the  largest  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  off  the 
coast  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  1383.     On  it  is  Hughtown. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  about  640  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Chetimaches  Lake, 
on  the  S.W.  by  C6te  Blanche  Bay,  and  on  the  E.  by 
Atchafalaya  Bayou.  It  is  intersected  by  the  navigable 
Bayou  Teche.  The  surface  is  level,  partly  subject  to  inun- 
dation, and,  extensively  covered  with  forests  and  swamps. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Molasses,  sugar,  and  Indian  com  are 
the  staple  products.  The  cypress,  gum,  hickory,  and  live- 
oak  abound  here.  This  parish  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Franklin.  Pop. 
in  1870,  13,860;  in  1880,  19,891;  in  1890,  22,416. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maryland, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  the  most 
southern  part  of  the  division  called  the  Western  Shore,  and 
is  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Patuxent  River, 
on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  wide 
estuary  of  the  Potomac  River.  Navigable  inlets  penetrate 
nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Washington  &  Potomac  Railroad.  Capital,  Leonardtown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,944;  in  1880,  16,934;  in  1890,  15,819. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-office  of  Huerfano  oo.,  Col. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry,  capital 
of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  St.  Mary's  River,  at  its  con- 
fluence with  Cumberland  Sound,  9  miles  from  the  ocean, 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Fer- 
nandina,  Fla.  It  has  5  churches,  a  harbor  which  admits 
large  vessels,  a  hotel,  and  2  large  saw-mills.     Pop.  702. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  Mary's  township, 
Hancock  co..  111.,  3  miles  W.  of  Colmar  Station.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  contains  Plymouth  village,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  1650. 

Saint  Mary's,  township,  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  926. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Terre 
Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  and  an  academy  for  young 
ladies,  conducted  by  sisters  of  Providence. 

Saint  Mary's,  township,  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  204. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  about 
27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.     Here  is  a  church. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansas,  is  near  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  Here  is  St. 
Mary's  College  (Catholic).  The  village  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber,  and  near  it  coal  has  been  mined.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1174;  of  the  township,  2163. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  contains  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege (Catholic)  and  a  church.     Pop.  113. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Mo.     P.  1940. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  St.  Genevieve  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  72  miles  below  St.  Louis,  and  8 
miles  from  Chester,  111.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  (1890)  446. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.    P.  2680. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  in  St.  Mary's  township, 
Auglaize  co.,  0.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Miami 
Canal,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lima,  and  11  miles  E.  of  Celina.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  3000 ;  of  the  township,  4388. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  hamlet  in  Warwick  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church, 
and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Here  is  Warwick  Post-Office. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-borough  in  Benzinger  township. 
Elk  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  <fe  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.  of  Ridgway,  and  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
contains  a  priory  and  a  convent  of  Benedictine  nuns,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  or  3  breweries,  a  hotel,  and  sev- 
eral saw-  ana  grist-mills.  Coal  is  mined  near  iixia  place. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  and  seaport  of  Refugio 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  Aransas  Bay,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Victoria. 
It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  an  active  trade 
in  lumber,  which  is  brought  hither  in  vessels  from  Florida, 
Louisiana,  &o.     Pop.  about  500. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pleasants  oo., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  above  Marietta, 
and  22  miles  by  land  E.N.E.  of  Parkersburg.    Pop.  350. 


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Saint  Mary's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Wis.,  about 
53  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
29  miles  E.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Saint  Marys,  a  town  of  Ontario,  oo.  of  Perth,  on  a 
branch  of  the  river  Thames,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 98i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toronto,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Lon- 
don. It  has  churches  of  6  denominations,  a  branch  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  several  hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  agricultural  implements, 
leather,  woollens,  Ac,  also  saw-,  grist-,  and  planing-mills, 
and  limestone-quarries.     Pop.  3120. 

Saint  Marys,  an  island  in  Lake  St.  Clair,  25  miles 
from  Windsor,  Ontario. 

Saint  Marys,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Buctouche  River,  7  miles  from  Buctouche.  It 
has  2  churches,  5  stores,  6  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Saint  Marys,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, 65  miles  from  St.  John's.  It  has  a  fine  harbor 
and  a  court-house,  and  is  a  fishing-station.     Pop.  650. 

Saint  Mary's,  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario.    See  Jordan. 

Saint  Mary's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  13  miles  from  Digby.   Pop.  300. 

Saint  Mary's  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co., 
Md.,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  60  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  seminary  for  girls. 

Saint  Mary's  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  and  on  the  New 
Brunswick  Railway,  opposite  Fredericton,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  steam  ferry.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
fine  church.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Mary's  Loch  (Iok),  a  fine  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Selkirk.  Length,  15  miles ;  breadth, 
1  mile.     The  Yarrow  flows  from  its  E.  end. 

Saint  Mary's  River  rises  near  the  S.  border  of  the 
Okefinokee  Swamp.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  Nassau 
CO.,  Fla.,  and  the  cos.  of  Charlton  and  Camden,  of  Georgia. 
It  runs  northward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Fernandina.     Length,  175  miles. 

Saint  Mary's  River  (of  the  Maumee)  rises  in  Ohio, 
and  drains  parts  of  Auglaize  and  Mercer  cos.  in  that  state. 
It  enters  Indiana,  runs  northwestward  through  Adams  co., 
and  unites  with  the  St.  Joseph  River  at  Fort  Wayne  to 
form  the  Maumee.     It  is  about  110  miles  long. 

Saint  Mary's  Strait,  or  River,  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Superior,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Ontario, 
Canada,  and  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan.  It  issues 
from  the  E.  end  of  the  lake,  runs  southeastward  about  60 
miles,  and  enters  Lake  Huron  by  several  channels.  It  en- 
closes or  winds  around  numerous  islands  of  considerable 
size.  Its  navigation  was  obstructed  by  rapids  at  Saut  Sainte 
Marie,  where  the  river  falls  about  20  feet  in  the  course  of 
a  mile.  A  ship-canal,  on  the  Michigan  side,  connects  the 
navigable  waters  of  this  strait. 

Saint  Ma'rysvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  from  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Mathi'as,  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Richelieu  River,  8  miles  S.  of  St.  Hilaire  Station. 
Pop.  260. 

Saint-Mathieu,  sin*  mi^te-oh',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  on  the  Tardoire,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Roche- 
chouart.     Pop.  of  commune,  2360. 

Saint  Mathieu,  sS,x<»  mS,He-uh',  a  post-village  and 

Earish  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  42  miles  below  Rividra  du 
loup  en  Bas.    Pop.  896. 

Saint-Mathuriu,  sks»  mS,'tU^rS,Ne',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Angers.     Pop.  of  commune,  2509. 

Saint  Matthew,  math'Q,  an  island  of  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  British  Burmah,  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  Isth- 
mus of  Kraw.  Lat.  10°  N. ;  Ion.  98°  E.  Length,  18  miles. 
On  its  N.  side  it  has  a  large  harbor. 

Saint  Mat'theAV  Islands,  a  group  in  Behring  Sea, 
Alaska,  consisting  of  St.  Matthew  (or  Bear  Island),  Hall, 
and  Pinnacle  Islands.  They  are  uninhabited.  Lat.  60° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  173°  W. 

Saint  Mat'thew's,  a  post-office  of  Jefi'eraon  co.,  Ky., 
at  Oilman's  Station  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati,  and  Lex- 
ington Railroad,  3i  miles  from  Louisville. 

Saint  Matthew's,  a  township  of  Wake  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2192. 

Saint  Matthew's,  South  Carolina.    See  Lewistillk. 

Saint-Maur,  s&n»  mSR,  a  commune  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Sceaux,  with  a  village,  near 
the  Canal  of  Saint-Maur,  £  of  a  mile  in  length,  mostly  under 
ground,  which  shortens  by  9  miles  the  navigation  of  the 
Marne.     Pop.  of  village,  2520 ;  of  oommune,  8433. 


Saint-Maurice,  siu"  mo'reess',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine,  on  the  Marne,  4  miles  from  Paris.  It  has  iron-forges 
and  manufactures  of  porcelain,  chemicals,  <fcc.     Pop.  4577. 

Saint-Maurice,  Savoy.    See  Boueo-Saint-Maurice. 

Saint  Maurice  (anc.  Agaunum  ?),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Valais,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.  Pop.  1666.  It  haa  a 
council-house,  a  hospital,  and  an  abbey  founded  in  the 
fifth  century  and  containing  many  curiosities. 

Saint  Maurice,  s^nt  maw^^eess',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Saint  Maurice,  a  post-village  of  Winn  parish,  La., 
on  Saline  Bayou,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Saint  Maurice  (Fr.  pron.  siN<»  mo^reess'),  a  river  of 
Quebec,  rises  in  a  chain  of  lakes,  lat.  48°  40'  N.,  Ion.  74° 
30'  W.,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Three 
Rivers,  after  a  course  of  400  miles.  Its  principal  affluents 
are  the  Ribbon  and  Vermilion  Rivers  from  the  W.,  and  the 
Windigo  and  Croche  from  the  E.  It  expands  into  numer- 
ous lakes.  Its  banks  are  generally  high,  and  it  has  a  great 
variety  of  falls  and  cascades. 

Saint  Maurice,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  known  as  Lake  St. 
Peter.  Area,  7300  square  miles.  Capital,  Three  Rivers. 
Pop.  11,144. 

Saint  Maurice,  a  post-village  in  Champlain  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  10  miles  N.  of  Three 
Rivers.  It  contains  3  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  250. 

Saint-Maurice-de-Iiignon,  s4n°  mo^reess'  d^h 
leen^yds"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  5  miles  N. 
of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  of  commune,  2060. 

Saint-Maurice-en-Gourg^ois,  8&ii<>  mo^reess'  biso 
gooR^gwi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  15  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Montbrison.     Pop.  of  commune,  2005. 

Saint  Maurice  Forg'es,  a  post-village  in  St.  Maurice 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Three 
Rivers.     It  contains  a  stove-foundry.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Mawe's,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  Oit 
Cornwall,  near  Falmouth.     Pop.  1001. 

Saint-Maximin,  s^mo  m&x^ee^m^N"',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Var,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Brignoles.  Pop.  3150.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  handsome  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth,  brandy,  leather,  <fco.  Near  it  are 
extensive  marble-quarries. 

Saint-M6dard-en-Jalle,  eiy  m^'daR'  on»  zh&ll,  a 
village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  near  the  Jalle,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1916. 

Saint-Meeu,  sAs"  mi'ftuo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille- 
et-Vilaine,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montfort.     Pop.  1734. 

Saint  Meinrad,s^nt  min'rad,  a  post- village  of  Spencei 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Anderson's  Creek,  16  miles  N.  of  Troy,  and 
about  22  miles  N.  of  Cannellton.  It  bas  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  an  organ-factory.  Here  are  St.  Meinrad's  College 
(Catholic)  and  a  Benedictine  abbey.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint  Michael,  in  France.    See  Saint-Michel. 

Saint  Michael,  South  America.    See  San  Miguel. 

Saint  Michael,  s^ntmi'ki-^l  or  mi'k^l  (Port.  Scm  Mi- 
guel, s6wN»  me-gh4l'),  the  largest  of  the  Azores,  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean.  Lat.  37°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  30'  W.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  50  miles.  Area,  350  square  miles.  Pop.  105,404. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  the  soil  is  volcanic,  and  the 
island  has  often  suffered  from  earthquakes.  It  contains 
many  mineral  springs  and  several  lakes.  Leading  products 
are  maize,  wheat,  beans,  oranges,  grapes,  and  wine.  The 
manufactures  are  confined  to  druggets  and  coarse  pottery ; 
articles  of  clothing  are  mostly  imported.  The  coast  is 
studded  with  towns  and  villages. 

Saint  Michael,  a  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  the 
Isen  of  St.  Michael,  80  miles  S.  of  Kuopio.     Pop.  1264. 

Saint  Michael,  a  province  or  Isen  of  Finland,  in  the 
S.E.  Area,  8818  square  miles,  of  which  a  large  part  ia 
occupied  by  lakes.     Capital,  St.  Michael.     Pop.  160,694. 

Saint  Michael,  Quebec.    See  Athelstan. 

Saint  Michael's,  s^nt  mi'k^ls,  a  post-village  of  Tal- 
bot CO.,  Md.,  on  a  peninsula,  and  on  a  navigable  inlet  of 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis,  and 
12  miles  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  a  brick-yard,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  churches.  Pop. 
1095.    Here  are  many  vessels  engaged  in  the  oyster-trade. 

Saint  Michael's,  a  post-hamlet  of  AYright  co.,  Minn., 
about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the 
Crow  River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Saint  Michael's,  township,  Madison  oo..  Mo.  P.  1325. 

Saint  Michael's,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Wii. 


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Saint  Michael's  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lat.  52°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  30'  W. 

Saint  Michael's  Mount,  a  granite  rook  in  Mount's 
Bay,  00.  of  Cornwall,  England,  }  of  a  mile  S.  of  Marazion. 
Lat.  50°  T  N.;  Ion.  6°  28'  W.  It  rises  in  a  pyramidal 
form,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  ohapel  founded  in  the  fifth 
century.  On  it  a  priory  was  founded  by  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor, and  it  was  once  a  fortified  post  of  importance. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  127.     See  also  Mont-Saint-Michel. 

Saint  Michael's  River,  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  flows 
first  S.S.W.,  and  then,  curving,  takes  a  N.  course  to  Ches- 
apeake Bay  nearly  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Kent  Island. 

Saint'Michel,  saN"  mee^shil',  a  town  of  Savoy,  7  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne,  on  the  Arc.     P.  1266. 

Saint  Michel,  sin*  mee^shAl',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Bellechasse,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  16  miles  be- 
low Quebec.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  church, 
convent,  college,  tannery,  saw-mill,  and  several  stores,  and 
has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Michel  Archange.    See  La  Pi6eonni]|re. 

Saint  Michel  des  Saints,  skjf  mee^shdl'  dk  ekao,  a 
post-village  in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Mantawa,  60 
miles  N.  of  Joliette.    It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  100. 

Saint-Michel-en-l'HernijsiH"  mee^shSl' 61^  iSRm, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Vendue,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fon- 
tenay-le-Comte,  with  a  port.     Pop.  2640. 

Saint-Mihiel,  s^n"  mee^e-£l',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meuse,  on  the  Meuse  River,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Com- 
mercy.  Pop.  5146.  It  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls  and 
defended  by  a  castle.  It  has  several  old  churches,  a  com- 
munal college,  a  copper-foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  lace,  and  leather. 

Saint  Modeste,  sky  moMSst',  a  post-village  and  par- 
ish in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Caoouna. 

Saint  Moritz,  mo'rits,  or  Sanct  Moritz,  s&nkt 
mo'rits  (Romansch,  San  Murezzan),  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, with  celebrated  mineral  baths,  in  the  Upper  Engadine, 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Chur. 

Saint  Mor'gan,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  00.,  111.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville. 

Saint  Narcisse,  eky  nan^seess',  a  post-village  in 
Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  W.  of  Batiscan.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Saint  Na'than's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Little  Suamico.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Saint-Nazaire,  Bky  n&^z&R',  a  town  and  seaport  of 
Prance,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Loire,  on  its 
N.  side,  37  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nantes.  It  has  a  large  and 
commodious  harbor,  a  custom-house,  and  a  valuable  fishery. 
It  is  the  starting-point  of  packets  which  cross  the  ocean  to 
Mexico  and  the  West  Indies.     Pop.  14,761. 

Saint-Nazaire,  a  village  of  France,  in  Yar,  6  miles 
W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1537. 

Saint  Nazian,  na^ze-S,n',  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc 
00.,  Wis.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Manitowoc. 

Saint-Nectaire,  s&n*  nfikHin',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D&me,  18  miles  W.  of  Issoire.     It  is  celebrated  for 
its  mineral  springs. 
■^■L    Saint  Neots,  s^nt  neets,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8 
l^^hfles  S.W.  of  Huntingdon,  on  the  Great  Northern  Railway, 
l^^pktd  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Ouse,  here  crossed  by  a  hand- 
I^Bome  stone  bridge.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  3200. 
I^B' Saint  Nicholas,  England.    See  Drake's  Island. 
I^^V  Saint  Nicholas,  in  Italy.    See  San  Nicoolo. 
j^B^Saint  Nicholas,  nik'o-las,  or  Port  Saint  Nich- 
^^TJlas,  a  harbor  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Zea,  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago,  3  miles  from  the  town  of  Zea.     It 
admits  vessels  of  the  largest  size. 

Saint  Nicholas  (Port.  Sao  Mcolao,  s5wn"  ne-ko-l&'o), 
one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  situated  between  Santa  Luzia 
and  Santiago.  Lat.  16°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  15'  AV.  Length, 
30  miles ;  breadth,  13  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous. 
Area,  115  square  miles.  Pop.  6000.  It  has  a  harbor  on 
its  S.  side,  near  which  is  a  small  town,  the  residence  of  a 
governor  and  a  bishop. 

Saint  Nicholas,  s^nt  nik'o-I^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Du- 
val CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  2  miles  from  Jackson- 
ville.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  orange-groves. 

Saint  Nicholas,  a  post-ofiice  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Nicholas,  a  village  in  Barr  township,  Cambria 
CO.,  Pa.,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ebensburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Her*  is  Nicktown  Post-OflSce. 

Saint  Nicholas,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
in  Mahanoy  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
^^  Reading  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Mahanoy  City.     It  has 
IHa  eharch,  a  coal-mine,  and  several  ooal-breakers. 

I 


Saint  Nicholas,  nik'o-las,  a  post- village  in  Levis  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  15  miles  above 
Quebec.     It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills  and  6  stores. 

Saint  Nicholas  Channel,  on  the  N.  side  of  Cuba, 
60  miles  in  length  by  33  miles  in  breadth. 

Saint  Nicholas  Harbor,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  estuary,  in  lat.  49°  18'  N.,  Ion.  67°  40'  W. 

Saint  Nicholas  Point,  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Java,  on  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  in  lat.  5°  52'  S., 
Ion.  106°  2'  E. 

Saint-Nic'olas  (Fr.  pron.  skif  nee^ko'l&')  or  Nico- 
laas,  a  town  of  Belgium,  m  East  Flanders,  20  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  25,165.  It  has  a  fine  town  hall,  a 
church  with  good  paintings,  a  hospital,  several  orphan 
asylums,  a  prison,  a  large  market-place,  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, Latin  and  other  public  schools,  manufactures  of 
cotton,  woollen,  and  silk  fabrics,  hosiery,  hats,  soap,  leather, 
and  tobacco,  dye-houses,  salt-refineries,  breweries,  and  pot- 
teries, a  large  market  for  flax,  and  a  large  annual  fair. 

Saint-Nicolas,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3 
miles  W.  of  Liege.     Pop.  of  commune,  3066. 

Saint  Nicolas,  a  headland  and  village  of  Hayti,  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  the  island. 

Saint-Nicolas-du-Port,  s&n»  nee'koMi'  dii  poR,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Nancy,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meurthe.     Pop.  4109, 

Saint  Ninians,  nin'e-ans  (commonly  called  Saint 
Rin'gans),  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Stirling.  It  contains  the  villages  of  St.  Ninians  and  Ban- 
nockburn,  which  have  manufactures  of  carpets,  tartans, 
leather,  nails,  Ac,  and  coal-mines.     Total  pop.  10,146. 

Saint  Norbert,  s&n"  noR^baiR',  a  post-village  in  Ber- 
thier CO.,  Quebec,  54  miles  N.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Norbert,  Quebec.    See  East  Artbabaska. 

Saint  O'la,  a  post- village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  60 
miles  back  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Olaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  00.,  Iowa,  in 
Wagner  township,  on  the  Iowa  Eastern  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Beulah,  and  about  54  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  4  church. 

Saint  Olaf  (or  Oloff),  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.,  with  a  post-hamlet  (Saint  Oloff)  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Fergus  Falls.     Pop.  681. 

Saint-O'mer  (Fr.  pron.  siNt  o^maiR';  L.  Fa'num 
Audomari),  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on 
the  Aa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  canal  of  Neuf- Fossae,  22  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Calais.  Pop.  21,404.  It  is  surrounded  by 
irregular  fortifications.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a 
lyc€e,  a  public  library,  a  fine  mediaeval  cathedral,  with  the 
tomb  of  its  founder,  St.  Omer,  tanneries,  foundries,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  brushes,  hats,  embroidery, 
soap,  pipes,  oil,  pottery,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  noted 
priests'  seminary.  During  the  first  revolution  it  was  called 
MORIN  LA  MONTAGNE  (mo^rilH"'  14  miNoHifi'). 

Saint  O'mer,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Adams  township,  near  the  railroad  which  connects  India- 
napolis with  Greensburg,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Greensburg, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  169. 

Saint  On^zime,  s&iJt  o^ni^zeem',  a  post-village  in 
Kamouraska  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  E.  of  Ste.  Anne  de  la  Po- 
catidre.     Pop.  200. 

Saintonge,  sd,x°H6Nzh',  an  old  province  of  France,  in 
the  W.  It  now  forms  the  greater  portion  of  the  department 
of  Charente-Inf6rieure,  and  parts  of  those  of  Charente  and 
Deux-SSvres.     Its  capital  was  Saintes. 

Saint-Onen-sur-Seine,  s&Nt  w&m>  bSr  sin,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  4  miles  N.  of  Paris,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Seine,  with  a  chateau,  where  Louis  XVIII.  signed  the 
"Declaration  of  St.  Ouen,"  May  2,  1814.  It  has  forges, 
foundries,  potteries,  dye-works,  Ac.     Pop.  11,255. 

Saint  Ours,  nkvi  oor,  a  town  of  Quebec,  oo.  of  Biohe 
lieu,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  21  miles  N.  of  St.  Hilaire  Sta- 
tion. A  small  island  here  divides  the  river  into  two  chan- 
nels, each  dammed  for  the  improvement  of  navigation.  St. 
Ours  contains  a  church,  convent,  saw-mills,  brick-fields,  and 
8  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  701. 

Saint  Pacome,  sd,N«  p&^kom',  a  post-village  in  Ka- 
mouraska co.,  Quebec,  IJ  miles  from  Riviftre  Quelle. 

Saint-Pal-de-Chalan^on,  s&n<>  p&I  d^h  sh&M&ito'- 
s6n»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  16  miles  N.N.W, 
of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  of  commune,  2286. 

Saint-Pal-de-Mons,  s&n<>  p&l  d^h  m6N>,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haute-Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Yssingeaux.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2054. 

Saint  Pan'cras,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Micjidle- 
sex,  comprising  a  large  part  of  the  N.  division  of  the  me- 
tropolis, and  extending  northward  so  as  to  include  portions 


SAl 


2358 


SAI 


of  Highgate,  Camden  Town,  Kentish  Town,  Somers  Town, 
&c.  Pop.  221,465.  In  this  parish  are  University  College, 
hall,  and  hospital,  the  smallpox  and  fever  hospitals,  King's 
Cross,  a  portion  of  the  Regent's  Park  Canal,  Ac. 

Saint  Par'iSj  a  post-village  of  Champaign  cc,  0.,  in 
Johnson  township,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Urbana,  and  15  miles  E. 
of  Piqua.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofSoe,  a  money-order  post- 
ofiSoe,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  a  distillery,  2  carriage- 
Bhops,  and  2  planing-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1145. 

Saint  Paschal,  sS,n<>  p&s^k&l',  a  post- village  in  Ka- 
mouraska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  102 
miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Pat'rick,  a  post-oflaoe  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Patrick,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo. 

Saint  Patrick  de  Sherrington.  See  Sherrington. 

Saint  Patrick's,  post-office,  St.  James  parish.  La. 

Saint  Pat'rick's  Chan'nel,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vic- 
toria CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  channel  of  the  same  name  in 
Bras  d'Or  Lake,  47  miles  from  Port  Hastings,     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Patrick's  Hill,  or  Tingwick,  a  post-village 
in  Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Saint  Paul,  a  river  of  Liberia,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  probably  300  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic  N.  of  Monrovia. 

Saint  Paul,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  SIo  Paulo. 

Saint  Paul,  an  islet  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  in  lat.  38°  43'  S.,  Ion.  77°  38'  E. 

Saint  Paul,  an  island  of  the  Low  Archipelago,  in  lat. 
19°  36'  S.,  Ion.  14°  5'  W. 

Saint  Paul,  an  island  in  Behring  Sea,  in  lat.  57°  N. 

Saint-Paul  (Fr.  pron.  s5.n<»  pol),  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Reunion,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Denis.  Pop.  25,000. 
This  was  the  first  French  establishment  on  the  island.  It 
has  a  free  port,  a  college,  and  hospitals. 

Saint  Paul  (Fr.  pron.  s5.n»  pol),  a  small  island  ii;  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8  miles  N.E.  of  the  northern  ex- 
tremity of  Cape  Breton.  It  has  2  fixed  lights.  Lat.  47° 
14'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  9'  W. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Ark.,  about 
64  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Smith.     It  has  several  churches. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  111. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Deca- 
tur CO.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis, 
Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  woollen-mill,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  large  lime- 
stone-quarries.    Pop.  about  700. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Paul,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  seat  of  justice  for  Ramsey  co.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  2100  miles  from  its 
mouth,  10  miles  E.  of  Minneapolis,  and  409  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  Lat.  44°  52'  46"  N. ;  Ion.  93°  5'  W. 
It  is  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population,  and  is  the 
head  of  navigation  for  steamboats.  The  greater  part  of 
the  city  is  built  on  a  plateau,  or  terrace,  which  is  70  feet 
higher  than  the  river  and  is  partly  surrounded  by  an  am- 
phitheatre of  hills.  St.  Paul  contains  a  state-house,  a  city 
hall,  a  fine  granite  building  erected  by  the  United  States 
for  the  custom-house  and  post-office,  138  churches  repre- 
senting many  denominations,  a  number  of  theatres,  public 
libraries,  and  national  banks,  the  state  reform  school,  an 
academy  of  natural  sciences,  a  high  school,  and  several 
academies,  orphan  asylums,  and  hospitals.  Five  daily  and 
25  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  St.  Paul  is  sup- 
plied with  good  water  derived  from  a  fine  lake  lying  3 
miles  from  the  city.  It  is  a  terminus  of  two  branches  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  of  three 
divisions  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Entering  the 
city  are  also  railroads  named  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth,  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Omaha,  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern,  the  Wisconsin  Central,  and  others.  The 
average  duration  of  the  season  of  navigation  is  about  7 
months.  St.  Paul  has  an  excellent  public-school  system, 
embracing  a  fine  high  school  and  about  45  other  school- 
buildings.  About  470  teachers  are  employed,  under  a 
superintendent  and  board  of  education.  The  pupils  num- 
ber nearly  20,000.  The  city  has  manufactures  of  ma- 
chinery, farming-implements,  furniture,  carriages,  boots, 
shoes,  sash,  blinds,  Ac,  with  an  invested  capital,  in  1890, 
as  given  in  the  census,  of  $21,438,588,  and  a  product  valued 
at  $31,068,200.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  limestone.  A 
bridge  over  the  river  connects  the  city  proper  with  West  St. 
Paul,  a  suburb  which  was  ceded  to  St.  Paul  in  1874.  Pop. 
in  iSeO,  10,401;  in  1870,  20,030;  in  1875,  36,383;  in  1880, 
41,473;  in  1890,  133,156. 


Saint  Paul,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

Saint  Paul,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Maramec  River  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  24  milet 
W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  100.     Here  is  Sherman  Post-Office. 

Saint  Paul,  a^  post-village,  capital  of  Howard 


Neb.,  on  the  Loup  Fork,  22  miles  by  railroad  N.  of  Grand 

Islano' 

offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  482  ;  in  1890,  1263 


Island.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  and  3  newspaper 


I 


Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on 
or  near  the  Willamette  River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
S.  of  Max  Meadows  Station. 

Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet,  sky«  pol  d^h  f^h- 
noo^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pyr^n^es-Orientales,  on  the 
Agly,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prades.     Pop.  2223.  \ 

Saint-Paul-de- Jarrat,  s&n»  pol  d^h  zhaR^R&',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Ariege,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Foix. 

Saint  Paul  de  Loan'da  (Port.  Sdo  Paulo  de  Loan- 
da,  SOWN"  pow'lo  di  lo-in'di),  a  city,  capital  of  the  Portu-. 
guese  colony  of  Angola,  in  West  Africa.  Lat.  8°  48'  1" 
S. ;  Ion.  13°  13'  E.  It  is  defended  seaward  by  three  forts, 
and  has  a  large  and  secure  harbor,  sheltered  by  the  island" 
of  Loanda.  Its  better  portion  is  built  of  stone.  It  was  io 
the  seventeenth  century  celebrated  for  its  fine  churches 
and  monasteries,  now  in  ruins.  Its  market  is  well  sup^i; 
plied,  and  it  has  an  export  trade  in  ivory,  hides,  cofi'ee, 
rubber,  and  palm  oil.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  20,000. 

Saint  Paul  d'Industrie,  s4n<>  p5l  d&N°Miis'tree',  a 
village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles  N,  of  L'Assomption, 

Saint  Paul  du  Buton,  s&n<>  pol  dii  biiH6N»',  a  post- 
village  in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  17  miles  S.E.  of  St» 
Pierre  du  Sud.     Pop.  200. 

Saint-Paul-en- Jarret,  sktc  pol  &n<>  zhaR^Ri',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne. 

Saint-Paulien,  s^n"  poMe-&N»',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Loire,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1458. 

Saint  Pau'lin  (Fr.  pron.  s^n"  poM&N»'),  a  post-village 
in  Maskinonge  co.,  Quebec,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montreal 
It  has  large  flouring-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Paul  Jnnc'tion,  a  stationin  Dakota  co.,  Minn.^ 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  9^  milei 
S.E.  of  Minneapolis. 

Saint  Paul  I'Ermite,  sIIn°  pol  laiR^meet',  a  post- 
village  in  L'Assomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomp- 
tion, 18  miles  N.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  450. 

Saint-PauI-l^s-Dax,  s^n<>  p5l  \it  dkx,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Landes,  near  Dax.     Pop.  of  commune,  3061. 

Saint  Paul's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
St.  Paul's  township,  18  miles  S.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  i 
churches  and  1  or  2  grist-mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1052. 

Saint  Paul's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Ashville  Station,  and  about  16  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Paul's,  township.  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.    P.  960. 

Saint  Paul's,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Buctouche  River,  20  miles  from  Buctoucheb 
It  contains  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     P.  500. 

Saint  Paul's,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Elmsville. 

Saint  Paul's  Bay,  in  Malta,  on  the  N.E.  coast,  di 
miles  N.W.  of  Valetta.  Here  St.  Paul  is  supposed  to  have 
been  shipwrecked. 

Saint  Paul's  Bay,  an  outport  of  Quebec,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Charlevoix,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
60  miles  below  Quebec.  It  has  county  buildings,  a  church, 
a  convent,  several  tanneries,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  aboai 
20  stores.  There  are  iron-  and  plumbago-mines  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  3623. 

Saint  Paul's  Parish,  a  township  of  Colleton  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  4656. 

Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux,s4No  p5l  tRwi  shft^- 
to',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Dr&me,  14  miles  S. 
of  Montglimar.     Pop.  1667. 

Saint-P^,  siN»  pi,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Tarbes.     Pop.  1791. 

Saint-P6,  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-PyrSn^es, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  of  commune,  2532. 

Saint-Peray,  s&n»  p^h-ri',  a  town  of  France,  in 
ArdSche,  9  miles  S.  of  Tournon.     Pop.  1762. 

Saint  Peter,  France  and  colonies.    See  Saint-Pierrb, 

Saint  Peter,  Hungary.    See  Szbnt  Peter. 

Saint  Peter,  Italy.    See  San  Pietro. 

Saint  Peter,  Portugal  and  Brazil.    See  Sao  Pedro. 

Saint  Peter,  in  Spain  and  colonies,  and  in  Spanial 
America.     See  San  Pedro. 


SAI 


the  river  St.  Lawrence,  between  lat.  46°  and  46°  8'  N.  and 
about  Ion.  73°  W.  Length,  35  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  10 
miles.  It  receives  many  rivers,  the  largest  of  which  is  the 
St.  Francis  from  the  S.E.  In  the  S.  part  are  many  islands. 
Saint  Pe'ter^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nicollet  co., 
Minn.,  in  Oshawa  township,  on  the  left  (W.)  bank  of  the 
Minnesota  River,  11  miles  N.  of  Mankato,  75  miles  S.W. 
if  St.  Paul,  and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Faribault.  It  is  on 
e  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  and  the  Winona  &  St. 
'eter  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  1  or  2  news- 
per  oflBces,  a  national  bank,  the  Qustavus  Adolphus  Col- 
e,  a  large  hotel,  a  state  hospital  for  the  insane,  which 
t  $500,000,  8  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a 
rniture-faotory.  Pop.  in  1880,  .34.36;  in  1890,  3671. 
Saint  Peter,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 
Saint  Peter,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  one 
:  the  Natunas,  near  the  coast  of  Borneo. 
Saint  Peter-and-Paul.  See  Pbthopaclovski. 
Saint- Peter-le-Port  (Fr.  Saint-Pierre-Port  or 
int-Pierre-le-Port,  sin"  pe-aiR'  l§h  poR),  the  capital 
n  of  the  island  of  Guernsey,  on  its  E.  side,  in  lat.  49°  27' 
'/  N.,  Ion.  2°  32'  W.  Pop.  16,166.  Its  lower  part  has 
,rrow  streets  and  very  lofty  houses;  its  upper  quarter, 
Auteville,  is  well  built  and  handsome.  The  principal 
uildings  are  the  government  house,  the  court-house,  the 
town  hospital,  assembly-rooms,  a  theatre,  and  a  very  ex- 
ellent  fish-market.  The  harbor  is  enclosed  by  piers,  aud 
fended  by  Fort  George  and  Castle  Cornet.  Fort  George 
barracks  for  upwards  of  5000  men,  and  the  town  is  the 
idence  of  military  and  civil  governors. 
Saint  Peter's,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in 
■ghland  township,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati, 

It  has  a  church  and  35  houses. 
Saint  Peter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish, 
.,  on  Bayou  Boeuf,  30  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a 
mrch,  a  store,  and  manufactures  of  sugar. 
Saint  Peter's,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo., 
Dardenne  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc 
orthern  Railroad,  about  8  miles  W.  of  St.  Charles.    It  has 
church,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  brick -yards. 
Saint  Peters,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  14  miles 
.  of  Portland,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 
Saint  Peter's,  Chester  co.,  Pa.    See  Knauertown. 
Saint  Pe'ters,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
ichmond,  on  St.  Peter's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
lean,  36i  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.     It  contains  a 
nery  and  12  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Peters,  or  Bath'urst  Village,  a  post-village 
Gloucester  co.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big 
episiquit  River,  in  Bathurst  Harbor,  and  on  the  Inter- 
lonial  Railway,  opposite  the  town  of  Bathurst.  It  con- 
'ns  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores, 
ip-building  is  engaged  in.  Pop.  600. 
Saint  Peter's  Bay,  a  seaport  in  Kings  co..  Prince 
ward  Island,  33  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains 
tw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  several  stores. 
Saint  Pe'tersbnrg  (Russ.  Peterburg,  pi't^r-bSSRCt^), 
government  of  European  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  58° 
and  60°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  27°  30'  and  33°  30'  E.,  having  N. 
the  Gulf  of  Finland  and  Lake  Ladoga,  and  W.  Lake  Peipus 
and  the  river  Narova.  Area,  including  lakes,  20,887  square 
miles.  Pop.  1,326,875.  Surface  mostly  level;  soil  thin,  cold, 
and  two-thirds  covered  with  woods  and  marshes.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Pliusa  and  Looga,  flowing  to  the  Gulf 
of  Finland,  the  Volkhov,  Sias,  and  Sveer,  entering  Lake 
Ladoga,  and  the  Neva,  on  which  is  the  capital  city.  Rye, 
barley,  oats,  and  some  wheat,  hemp,  and  flax,  are  culti- 
vated, but  the  climate  is  unfavorable  for  corn.  Around  the 
capital  are  many  market-gardens.  Timber,  deals,  and 
masts  form  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Some  building- 
stone  and  lime  are  obtained,  and  in  the  capital  all  kinds  of 
manufactures  are  carried  on.  Population  mostly  Russians, 
out  comprises  many  foreigners,  most  of  whom  are  Lutherans. 
After  St.  Petersburg,  the  chief  towns  are  Schliisselburg, 
Looga,  Yamboorg,  Cronstadt,  and  Tsarskoe-Selo. 

Saint  Petersburg,  s^nt  pee't^rz-bilrg  (Russ.  Peter- 
burg, pi't§r-b66RQ^;  Ger.  Sand  Petersburg,  s&nkt  pi't^rs- 
booRG^ ;  Fr.  Saint- Pitersbourg,  si»»  piH^B^booR' ;  L.  Petri- 
bur'gum),  the  modern  capital  city  of  the  Russian  Empire, 
and  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  Neva,  at  its  influx  into  the  Gulf  of 
Finland,  16  miles  B.  of  Cronstadt,  400  miles  N.W.  of  Mos- 
cow, 1100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna,  1550  miles  N.E.  of 
Paris,  and  500  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Stockholm.  Lat.  59° 
^^6'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  18'  E.  Pop.  in  1884  (as  officially  esti- 
I^Hnated),  929,100.    Saint  Petersburg  stands  partly  on  islands 

■ 


2359 


SAI 


formed  by  the  divergence  of  the  river,  which  is  crossed  by 
10  bridges,  many  of  them  richly  decorated,  while  over  its 
branches  and  canals  there  are  upwards  of  70  bridges.  Nine 
of  the  twelve  quarters  of  the  city  are  on  the  mainland, 
which  is  called  the  "Great  Side,"  the  island  and  settle- 
ments on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Neva  being  termed  the  Peters- 
burg side.  Being  situated  on  a  flat  and  marshy  soil,  it  is 
difficult  of  drainage,  and  subject  to  destructive  inunda- 
tions, during  one  of  which,  in  1824,  15,000  lives  were  lost. 
Its  public  buildings,  in  the  Italian  style  of  architeotare 
and  surmounted  by  gorgeous  gold-plated  domes,  are  mass- 
ive and  elegant,  entitling  it  to  rank  among  the  finest  cities 
of  Europe.  Its  principal  thoroughfares  and  large  squares 
are  wide  and  spacious.  The  footways  are  paved  with  large 
round  stones,  and  are  often  used  by  vehicles.  The  princi- 
pal street,  called  the  Nevskoi  Prospekt,  is  4  miles  long  and 
130  feet  wide,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe.  A  street 
railway  has  been  laid  down  along  it.  The  main  channel  of 
the  Neva  is  bordered  by  granite  quays,  of  an  extent  sur- 
passing those  of  any  other  city,  except  perhaps  Paris.  On 
the  side  of  the  mainland  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  Isaac,  of 
chaste  and  noble  proportions,  the  admiralty,  the  hermitage, 
a  palace,  long  the  residence  of  Catherine  II.,  and  which 
comprises  the  court  theatre,  a  picture-gallery  occupying  41 
apartments,  a  valuable  library  of  120,000  volumes,  and  a 
rich  museum.  In  the  same  quarter  are  the  marble  palace, 
city  hall,  senate  and  ministerial  offices,  bank,  post-office, 
grand  bazaar,  hStel  de  I'itat-major,  and  the  cathedral  of 
Our  Lady  of  Kazan,  built  on  the  model  of  St.  Peter's  at 
Rome.  The  winter  palace  is  the  largest  and  most  magnifi- 
cent in  the  world.  Close  to  the  quay  is  the  bronze  eques- 
trian statue  of  Peter  the  Great,  on  a  block  of  granite. 
Opposite  this  is  a  long  bridge  leading  to  an  island  on 
which  are  the  exchange  and  custom-house.  The  citadel  is 
on  a  small  island  in  the  Neva,  which  contains  the  mint, 
the  h6tel  des  mines,  the  academies  of  arts  and  sciences, 
with  museum,  astronomical  observatory,  and  barracks,  and 
the  cathedral  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  in  which  are  the 
tombs  of  all  the  Russian  sovereigns  since  Peter  the  Great. 
On  an  adjacent  island  is  the  house  in  which  Peter  the  Great 
lived  while  constructing  the  original  town,  and  in  the 
Grand  Square  the  column  erected  to  the  Emperor  Alexan- 
der, a  magnificent  granite  monolith,  84  feet  in  height.  The 
S.  part  of  the  city  is  intersected  by  the  Fontanka  and  other 
canals,  lined  by  quays.  The  bridges  across  the  Neva  and 
its  principal  branches  are  erected  on  boats,  and  annually 
removed  before  the  river  is  frozen,  for  it  is  open  for  navi- 
gation only  219  days  in  the  year  (May  to  November).  Be- 
sides the  university,  founded  in  1819,  there  are  five  other 
colleges  and  many  public  schools,  a  medico-chirurgical 
academy  of  high  reputation,  an  imperial  library  with 
450,000  volumes  and  25,000  MSS.,  many  of  which  are 
Oriental,  an  academy  of  sciences  having  valuable  museums, 
an  astronomical  and  a  meteorological  observatory,  and  a 
library  of  110,000  volumes,  the  imperial  academy,  a  Kal- 
muck institution,  an  imperial  geographical  society,  a  gov- 
ernment botanic  garden,  a  naval  hospital,  a  school  of  mines, 
with  a  geological  and  mineralogical  cabinet  said  to  be  the 
most  extensive  in  the  world.  The  RumiantzofiF  museum 
has  an  extensive  collection  of  Oriental  objects.  Manu- 
factures of  all  kinds  are  carried  on,  and  it  has  imperial 
gunpowder-,  tapestry-,  and  porcelain- factories,  extensive 
cannon-foundries,  and  near  the  city  the  glass-works  of 
Osiersk.  The  great  bazaar  of  St.  Petersburg  is  said  to 
have  10,000  merchants.  It  receives  merchandise  from  all 
parts  of  the  Russian  Empire  and  Central  Asia  by  means  of 
navigable  rivers  and  canals ;  and  one  of  its  most  charac- 
teristic features  is  the  winter  market,  in  which  are  seen 
enormous  pyramids  composed  of  the  carcasses  of  cattle, 
sheep,  and  swine,  fish,  fowls,  eggs,  and  butter,  frozen  into 
solid  masses.  Chief  exports,  tallow,  flax,  hemp,  iron, 
copper,  corn,  timber,  potash,  canvas  and  coarse  linens, 
oils,  furs,  hides,  and  tar ;  imports,  colonial  produce,  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  dye-stufis,  wines,  silks,  woollens,  hard- 
wares, salt,  tin,  lead,  coal,  linens,  Ac.  It  has  regular  steam  - 
packet  communication  with  all  the  principal  ports  of  Eu- 
rope, and  is  connected  by  railways  with  Moscow,  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod,  and  Warsaw.  The  channel  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  formerly  impeded  by  sand,  has  been  improved  by  a 
ship-canal  to  deep  water,  completed  in  1885.  The  low 
islands  of  the  Neva  are  strongly  fortified.  St.  Petersburg 
was  founded  by  Peter  the  Great  in  1703,  previous  to  which 
its  site  contained  only  two  huts. 

Saint  Pe'tersbnrg,  a  post-borough  in  Clarion  co., 
Pa.,  in  Richland  township,  on  tho  Alleghany  River,  near 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  about  18  miles  in  a  direct 
line  S.  of  Oil  City.    It  is  on  the  Foxburg,  St.  Petersburg  & 


SAI 


2360 


SAI 


Clarion  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Foxburg.  It  contains  a  news- 
paper oflBee,  a  savings-bank,  a  money-order  post-ofBce,  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  656, 

Saint  Peter's  Island,  in  St.  Peter's  Bay,  S.  side  of 

Richmond  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  7  miles  from  St.  Peters.     P.  100. 

Saint  Peter's  River.     See  Minnesota  River. 

Saint-Phiibert-de-Bouaine,  sis'   firbaiR'  d§li 

boo^ain',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Vendue,  20 

miles  N.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  2167. 

Saint-Philbert-de-Grandliea,  s4it"  firbaiR'  d^h 
gr5N»Ue-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Loire-In- 
fgrieure,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1122. 
Saint  Philip,  Italy.    See  San  Filippo. 
Saint  Philip,  Spain  and  colonies.    See  San  Felipe. 
Saint  Phii'ip,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Marrs  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad, 
Si  miles  W.  of  Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 
Saint  Philip,  Texas.    See  San  Felipe. 
Saint  Philip,  a  post-oflBce  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis. 
Saint  Philip  de  Benguela.    See  New  Benguela. 
Saint  Philippe,  s3,n»  feMeep',  a  post-village  in  La- 
prairie  CO.,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.  of  Laprairie.     It  contains  3 
stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  300,     See  also  Muddt  Branch. 
Saint  Philippe  de  Neri,  d§h  ni^ree',  a  post-village 
in  Kamouraska  co.,  Quebec,  3i  miles  from  St.  Denis. 

Saint  Pie,  s8,n»  pee,  a  post-village  in  Bagot  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  Yamaska,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Hya- 
cinthe.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Pie  de  Deguire,  s&n»>  pee  d^h  di^gheer',  a  post- 
village  in  Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  RiviSre  La  Vache,  7 
miles  from  River  David.  It  has  extensive  iron-works  and 
foundries.  In  the  vicinity  are  valuable  iron-mines.  P.  225, 
Saint-Pierre,  s^N"  pe-aia',  an  island  in  Bienne  Lake, 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  and  celebrated  as  the  residence 
of  Rousseau  in  1765. 

Saint  Pierre,  6S,n»  pe-aiR',  an  island  of  North  Amer- 
ica, off  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  The  surface  is  rooky, 
and  vegetation  scanty.  It  forms,  with  the  Miquelon  Islands, 
immediately  N.W.,  a  colony  belonging  to  France.  It  is 
crossed  by  3  ocean  telegraphs.  Permanent  pop.  of  colony, 
4748,  of  whom  3473  were  on  St.  Pierre,  776  on  Miquelon 
and  Langley,  and  499  on  Isle-aux-Chiens, 

Saint  Pierre,  a  town,  capital  of  the  French  colony  of 
St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island  of 
St,  Pierre.  It  is  compactly  built  of  stone,  has  a  convent,  a 
newspaper,  and  a  good  harbor,  and  is  an  important  fishing- 
station.     Pop.  3187. 

Saint  Pierre,  s&n»  pe-aia',  the  principal  town  of  the 
island  of  Martinique,  on  its  W,  coast,  12  miles  N,W,  of 
Fort-de-France,  Pop.  25,270.  It  is  the  largest  town  of  the 
French  West  Indies,  and  the  chief  entrep8t  of  those  islands. 
It  is  divided  into  two  quarters  by  a  rivulet,  over  which  are 
some  handsome  bridges.  It  has  numerous  public  buildings 
and  schools,  a  handsome  theatre,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
Its  roadstead  is  defended  by  several  forts.  The  Empress 
Josephine  was  born  here  in  1763. 

Saint  Pierre,  simc  pe-aiR',  an  island  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  240  miles  N.E.  of  Madagascar,  and  dependent  upon 
the  British  colony  of  Mauritius.  On  the  S.E.  side  of  the 
island  is  a  small  town  of  the  same  name. 

Saint-Pierre,  akv  pe-aiR',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Reunion,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  34  miles  S.  of  Saint-Denis, 
with  an  artificial  port.     Pop.  30,000. 

Saint  Pierre,  Guernsey.     See  Saint  Peter-le-Port. 
Saint  Pierre  Baptiste,sS,N°pe-aiR'  blHeest',  a  post- 
village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Inverness. 

Saint-Pierre-d'Allevard,  s&no  pe-aiR'  d4ri§h- 
vaR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  IsSre,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  of  commune,  2004. 

Saint  Pierre  de  Broughton.    See  BROtreHTON. 
Saint-Pierre-de-Plesguen,s3,N»pe-aiR'd9hplfis^- 
g&N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Saint-Malo.     Pop.  of  commune,  2512. 

Saint-Pierre-d'Ol6ron,  sS,n»  pe-aia'  doM4V6No',  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Charente-Inf6rieure,  on  the 
island  of  016ron,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  La  Rochelle,  having  a 
small  port.     Pop.  1545. 

Saint  Pierre  d»Orl6ans,  siN"  pe-aiR'  doa^li^ftNo',  a 
post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  island  of 
Orleans,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  below  Quebec.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-  and  carding-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Saint  Pierre  du  Sud,  s5.Na  pe-aia'  dii  siid,  a  post- 
village  in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  350, 

Saint-Pierre-le-Moutier,  sS.Na  pe-aia'  l^h  moo^- 
te-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nidvre,  on  the  railway  to  Cler- 
mont, 18  miles  N.W.  of  Moulins.    Pop,  2326. 


Saint  Pierre  le  Port.    See  Saint-Petkb-lb-Pobt. 
Saint  Pierre  les  Becquets,s&N(>  pe-aia'  I4bik^k&', 
a  post-village  in  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence, 
66  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.     It  has  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding 
mills,  and  9  or  10  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint-Pierre-Ies-Calais,  skN»  pe-aia'  Ik  k&M4',  a 
suburb  of  Calais,  France,  with  a  station  on  the  Railway  du 
Nord.     Pop.  22,349. 

Saint-Pierre-l^s-£lbeuf,  siN»  pe-aia'  I&s  4l-btjf, 
a  suburb  of  Elbeuf,  in  France.     Pop.  3636. 

Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives,  saN*  pe-aiR'  siia  deev,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  Dives,  19  miles  S.E. 
of  Caen.     Pop,  1681. 

Saint  Placide,  s4n°  pl&^seed',  a  village  in  the  co,  of 
Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  9  miles  from 
St.  Andrews.  It  has  a  foundry,  and  several  tanneries  and 
grist-mills.     Pop.  250.    See  also  Clairvaux, 

Saint-Pol,  84n»  pol,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  on  the  Ternoise,  19  miles  W,N,W.  of  Arras,  Pop. 
3872.  It  has  two  ruined  castles,  a  communal  college,  a 
tannery,  and  mineral  baths. 

Saint-Pol-de-L6on,  s^n"  pol  d^h  li*6N»',  a  town  ol 
France,  in  Finist^re,  on  a  height  near  the  English  Channel, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Morlaix.  Pop.  3503.  It  has  a  cathedral 
and  other  churches,  a  town  hall,  an  episcopal  palace,  and  a 
communal  college. 

Saint-Polten,  pol't^n  (Ger.  Sanct  Polten,  sinkt  pbl'- 
t^n),  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  35  miles  W. 
of  Vienna.  Pop.  7729.  It  has  a  cathedral,  an  episcopal 
palace,  diocesan  and  high  female  seminaries,  a  theatre,  sev- 
eral hospitals,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  paper, 
glass,  and  earthenware. 

Saint  Pol'ycarpe  (Fr.  pron.  s^n"  poMe^kaap'),  a  post- 
village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Delisle,  5  mile» 
W.  of  Coteau  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  4  stores, 
3  hotels,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Saint-Pons,  sky  p6N<>,  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault, 
66  miles  W.  of  Montpellier.  Pop.  3358.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths  and  hosiery,  mines  of  iron  and  cop- 
per, and  a  marble-quarry. 

Saint-Pour^ain,  b&n"  pooa^s&N"',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Allier,  18  miles  S.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  3465. 

Saint-Priest,  s&n»  preest,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isire, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1585. 

Saint  Prosper,  siN"  pros^paia',  a  post-village  in 
Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  10  miles  N.  of  Batiscan.     Pop.  120. 

Saint- Quay,  sfi,N»  ki,  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes- 
du-Nord,  on  the  English  Channel,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint- 
Brieuc.     Pop.  of  commune,  2595. 

Saint-Quentin,  siw  kftNo^t&No'  (anc.  Augm'ta  Vero- 
manduo'rum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Somme, 
on  the  Canal  of  Saint-Quentin,  and  at  the  terminus  of  the 
railway  from  Creil,  30  miles  N.W,  of  Laon.  Pop.  37,980. 
It  has  a  noble  cathedral,  town  hall,  court-house,  hospitals, 
public  library  of  14,000  volumes,  chamber  of  manufactures, 
theatre,  a  lycie,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  striped  and 
spotted  muslins,  lace,  batiste,  calico,  merino,  percale,  cash- 
mere, bar6ge,  shawls,  cotton  yarn,  table-linens,  leather,  and 
soap.  The  Canal  of  Saint-Quentin  is  58  miles  in  length, 
and  forms  a  communication  between  the  Oise,  the  Somme, 
and  the  Scheldt.  Here  the  French  were  defeated  by  the 
Spaniards,  August  10,  1557. 

Saint-Quentin,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  near  UzSs.     Pop.  1770, 

Saint-Rambert,  s4n»  rftM^baia',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Ain,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  1571. 

Saint-Rambert,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Montbrison,  on  the  Loire, 

Saint-Raphael,  s5.no  ri^f&^fil',  a  maritime  village  of 
France,  department  of  Var,  li  miles  E,S.E.  of  Fr^jus. 

Saint  Raphael,  sS,no  ri^fa^fil',  a  post-village  in  Glen- 
garry CO.,  Ontario,  7  miles  N.W.  of  RiviSre  Raisin. 

Saint  Raphael  de  Bellechasse,  sS,n»  ri'fa,^51'  deh 
bSPshiss',  a  post-village  in  Bellechasse  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Riviere  du  Sud,  6  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Valier.  It  has  saw-, 
grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  30  0 

Saint  Ray'mond  (Fr.  pron.  sS,no  r4'm6N«'),  a  post- 
village  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Little  River  Ste. 
Anne,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pointe  aux  Trembles  en  Has.  It 
has  grist-  and  saw-mills,  3  churches,  5  stores,  &c.    Pop.  450. 

Saint  Re'gis,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Hunting- 
don, and  partly  in  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence,  opposite  Cornwall,  entirely  inhabited  by  Indians  of 
the  Iroquois  tribe.     Pop.  1400. 

Saint  Re'gis  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  11  miles  S.  of  Moira  Station. 
It  has  a  tannery  and  a  lumber-mill. 


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Saint  Re'gis  Riv'er  rises  in  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y.,  and, 
flowing  through  St.  Lawrence  oo.,  falls  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence River  near  its  intersection  with  the  boundary-line 
between  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

Saint  Remi,  sktc  r&^mee',  a  yillage  in  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Province  Line 
division),  21  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
a  tannery,  4  hotels,  7  stores,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  831. 

Saint'Remy,  s&n*  r^h-mee',  a  town  of  France,  de- 

tartment  of  Bouches-du-Rh8ne,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Aries, 
op.  3490.  It  has  stone-quarries,  nurseries  of  silk-worms, 
and  manufactures  of  paper,  madder,  leather,  and  pottery. 
.About  1  mile  distant  are  remains  of  the  ancient  Glanum. 

Saint'Remy,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  36 
liles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.    Pop.  of  commune,  5572. 
yit  has  manufactures  of  fine  cutlery. 

Saint- Rion,  s&n"  re-6N<»',  an  islet  of  France,  Brittany, 
in  C8tes-du-Nord,  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Brehat. 

Saint  Robert,  sks"  rA^baiR',  a  post-village  in  Riche- 
iieu  CO.,  Quebec,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sorel.     It  contains  2  stores. 

Saint  Roch  de  I'Achigan,  s&n"  rosh  d§h  li^shee^- 

jf5N»',  a  post-village  in  L'Assomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 

river  Acbigan,  11  miles  W.  of  L'Assomption.     It  contains 

'*  church,  a  convent,  a  model  school,  8  stores,  and  several 

eaw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Roch  de  Richelieu,  sIIn<>  rish  d§h  rish^l^-uh', 
a  post-village  in  Richelieu  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Riche- 
lieu, 1  mile  from  St.  Ours.     It  contains  3  stores.    Pop.  800. 

Saint  Roch  des  Aulnaies,  Bks°  r6sh  d^z  o^ni',  a 
post-village  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
^t.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  78  miles 
n)elow  Quebec.     It  contains  6  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Rochs,  siu"  rish,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Que- 
bec, 1 J  miles  from  the  post-oflBce. 

Saint  Romaine,  s&N»  ro^m^n',  a  post- village  in  Comp- 
ton  CO.,  Quebec,  51  miles  N.E,  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  150. 

Saint- Romainville,  siN»  ro^m&wVeel',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Seine,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Paris,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Denis,  with  a  fine  ch9,teau  and 
park,  and  a  wood  resorted  to  by  the  inhabitants  of  Paris. 

Saint  Romnald  de  Farnham.  See  West  Farnham. 

Saint  Romuald  d'Etchemin.  See  New  Liverpool. 

Saint  Roqne,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  San  Roqub. 

Saint  Ro'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  It  has 
a  Roman  Catholic  church  and  large  school. 

Saint  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  111.,  6  miles 
of  Breese  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  on  the  6a- 
pena  <fc  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Galena. 

Saint- Saens,  s&n<»  s6m»,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
[nfgrieure,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1830. 

Saint  Salvador,  Brazil.    See  Bahia. 

Saint-Saturnin-l^s-Avignon,  s1n«  s&HUR^n&N<>' 
l&z  4Veen^y6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  arron- 
dissement  of  Avignon.     Pop.  of  commune,  2224. 

Saint- Saud,  s4.n°  so,  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
»rrondissement  of  Nontron.     Pop.  of  commune,  2332. 

Saint'- Saul  ge,  s&n°  sSlzh,  a  town  of  France,  inNidvre, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1429. 

Saint- Sauvenr,  siu"  boVur',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  on  a  cliff  beside  the  Gave 
|e  Pan,  having  mineral  springs  of  nearly  the  same  quality 

those  of  Barrages,  4  miles  N.E. 

Saint  Sauveur,  siu"  soVur',  a  post-village  of  Terre- 
Bnne  co.,  Quebec,  on  Riviere  du  Nord,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
jt.  J6r8me.     Pop.  300. 

Saint   Sauveur,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  li 
liles  from  the  post-ofiice. 
_    Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte,  l^h  vee'k6Nt',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  2464. 

Saint-Savin,  s&n"  si*v4N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  10  miles  E.  of  Blaye.     Pop.  of  commune,  2126. 

Saint-Savin,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  La  Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1083, 

Saint  Se'bald,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Saint  Sebastian,  SQutse-bast'yan  (Sp.  iS^an  Sebastian, 
sin  8d,-BS,s-te-8.n'),  a  fortified  city  of  Spain,  province  of 
Guipuzcoa,  on  a  small  peninsula  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  in- 
sulated at  high  water  by  the  Urumea,  here  crossed  by  a  long 
wooden  bridge,  10  miles  W,  of  Fontarabia  by  rail,  Lat.  43° 
19'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  0'  5"  W.  Pop.  9047.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  commanded  by  its  citadel  of  Mota,  on  the  ad- 
jacent height.  Mount  Urgull.  Since  its  destruction  by  fire 
and  siege  in  1813,  it  has  been  mostly  rebuilt  on  a  uniform 
plan.  It  has  handsome  squares,  several  churches  and  con- 
vents, civil  and  military  hospitals,  and  is,  with  its  citadel, 
149 


abundantly  supplied  with  water.  Its  harbor,  protected  by 
a  mole  and  well  defended,  is  small,  but  the  city  has  a  large 
import  trade,  and  an  export  trade  in  com,  <tc.  It  was  taken 
by  the  French  in  1719,  1794,  and  1808,  from  which  year 
they  held  it  till  August  31,  1813,  when  it  was  stormed  and 
taken  by  the  British. 

Saint  Sebastian,  siN»  si-bisHe-ftN"',  a  post-village  in 
Iberville  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Rivieres. 

Saint  Sebastian  d'Aylmer.    See  Valletort, 

Saint- Servan,  s4n<>  sdRVAN"',  a  seaport  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ranee, 
close  to  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  about  1  mile  from 
Saint-Malo.  Pop.  9912.  It  has  two  harbors,  one  adapted 
for  frigates,  the  other  appropriated  to  commerce,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  rock  and  castle  of  Solidor,  founded 
by  William  the  Conqueror ;  besides  which  another  strong 
fort  defends  Saint-Servan.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a 
massive  church,  an  English  chapel,  reading-rooms,  and 
bathing-accommodations.  It  has  ship-building  docks  and 
an  active  trade, 

Saint-Sever,  sin*  s^h-vaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Landes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Adour,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  2225,  It  has  a  communal  college, 
and  trade  in  corn,  wine,  and  brandy. 

Saint  Sevfere,  sS,N»S9h-vaiR',  a  post-village  in  St.  Mau- 
rice CO.,  Quebec,  &i  miles  N.W,  of  Yamachiche.  It  con 
tains  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Saint  Shotts,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Placentia  and 
St.  Mary's,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Cape  Pine.  Thi» 
place  has  been  the  scene  of  many  shipwrecks. 

Saint  Simeon,  Quebec.     See  Port  au  Persil, 

Saint  Simon  de  Rimouski,  s&n<>  see^m&ij«'  d^h  ree^- 
moos^kee',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
8.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 37  miles  below  Riviere  du  Loup  en  Bas.  It  contains  a 
tannery  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Simon  de  Yamas'ka,  a  post-village  in  Bagot 
CO.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  It  contains  2 
saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Si'mon's  Island,  in  Georgia,  Atlantic  Ocean, 
S.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Altamaha.  On  its  S.  point  is 
a  fixed  light.     Lat.  31°  8'  N.;  Ion.  81°  36'  W. 

Saint  Simon's  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga, 

Saint  Simon's  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
forms  the  entrance  to  Brunswick  Harbor. 

Saints  John,  a  post-ofiice  and  mining-camp  of  Sum- 
mit CO.,  Col.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Georgetown.  Here  is  a  silver- 
mine  with  smelting-furnace  and  a  quartz-mill. 

Saint  Sophia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sophia. 

Saint  Sophie,  s^nt  so^fee',  a  post-village  of  Plaque- 
mines parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  35  miles 
below  New  Orleans.     Sugar  is  made  here. 

Saint- Souplet,  s4n»  soo^pli',  a  village  of  France,  ar- 
rondissement  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1654. 

Saint's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Leighton  Station. 

Saint  Stanislas  de  Batiscan,  ekv^  st&^neesM&s'  d^h 
biHees^kfiN"',  a  post-village  in  Cbamplain  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Batiscan,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Batiscan.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Stanislas  de  Kost'ka,  a  post-village  in  Beau- 
harnois  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Louis,  7  miles  from 
Valleyfield.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Stephen,  France.    See  Saint-Etibnne. 

Saint  Stephen,  in  Italy  and  Italian-speaking  ooun- 
tries.     See  Santo  Stefano. 

Saint  Stephen  (Ger.  Sand  Stephan,  sinkt  sti'fin),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  29  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Bern,  on  the  Simmen,  with  a  church,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
Simmenthal,     Pop,  1530. 

Saint  Stephen,  s^nt  ste'v^n,  an  island  of  Alaska. 
Kadiak  Archipelago,  lat.  56°  10'  N.,  Ion.  155°  22'  W, 

Saint  Stephen,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 

Saint  Stephen,  s^nt  ste'v^n,  a  seaport  town  of  New 
Brunswick,  co.  of  Charlotte,  at  the  entrance  of  Deny's 
River  into  the  St.  Croix,  opposite  Calais,  Me.,  and  86 
miles  W.  of  St.  John  by  road,  116^  miles  by  rail.  Calais 
and  St.  Stephen  are  united  together  by  a  bridge,  and  the 
latter  town  is  lighted  with  gas.  St.  Stephen  contains  6 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a  telegraph  office, 
and  a  number  of  stores.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  S.W, 
terminus  of  the  St,  Stephen  Branch  Railway,     Pop,  3000. 

Saint  Stephens,  ste'v^nz,  a  village  and  parish  of 
England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  near  Launceston.     Pop.  929. 

Saint  Stephens,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  Rivei-, 
about  100  miles  by  water  above  Mobile,  and  65  miles  by 
land  N,  of  that  city.     It  has  a  church. 


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Saint  Stephen's  Church,  apost-hamlet  of  King  and 
Queen  co.,  Va.,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has 
a  church. 

Saint  Stephen's  Depot)  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.  of  Charleston. 

Saint- Snlpice,  s^n*  siirpeess',  a  village  of  France, 
departmentof  Tarn,  arrondissement  of  Lavaur.  Pop.  1449. 

Saint  Snipice,  s&n»  siirpeess',  a  post-village  in  L'As- 
eomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
29  miles  below  Montreal.     Pop.  300. 

Saint   Sylvestre,  siN"  seePvestV,  a  post- village  in 

.  LotbiniSre  co.,  Quebec,  35  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     It  has 

"^aw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  an  agricultural-implement 

factory,    a   furniture-factory,    and    12    stores.     Pop.   400. 

Saint  Sylvestre  East  is  3  miles  from  here.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Symphorien,  s&n"  seem^fo^ree^iN"',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Indre-^'t- Loire,  on  the  Loire,  1  mile  from 
Tours.     Pop.  2169. 

Saint  Tam'many,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Loui- 
eiana,  has  an  area  of  about  915  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Pearl  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Lake  Pont- 
ohartrain.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Bogue  Chitto  and 
Chefonte  River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  small  pine  trees.  The  soil  is  inferior.  Lumber 
is  one  of  the  chief  products  of  this  parish.  It  is  traversed 
by  two  railroads.  Capital,  Covington.  Pop.  in  1870,  5586  •• 
in  1880,  6887;  in  1890,  10,160. 

Saint  Tammany's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Saint-Th^gonnec,  sS,n»  ti^gon^nfik',  a  village  of 
France,  in  FinistSre,  6  miles  W.  of  Morlaix.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 3548. 

Saint  The'odore,  an  islet  in  the  Mediterranean,  off 
the  N.  coast  of  Crete,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Khania. 

Saint  Theodore  (Fr.  pron.  sin"  ti^oMoR'),  a  post- 
village  and  parish  in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  4  miles  from  Acton 
Vale.     Pop.  1236.    • 

Saint  Theodore  de  Chertsey,  d^h  shdRt^see',  a 
post-village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Rawdon.     Pop.  of  parish,  1619. 

Saint  Theresa,  t^-ree'sa,  a  post-office  and  watering- 
place  of  Franklin  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Mark's. 

Saint  Thomas,  tom'§«,  post-office,  Crittenden  co..  Ark. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  oo.,  Minn., 
about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Sueur.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  chair-factory. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oole  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  general  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev., 
on  the  Rio  Virgen,  about  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  110 
miles  S.  of  Pioche.     Pop.  252. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa., 
in  St.  Thomas  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  4  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop. 
389  ;  of  the  township,  1902. 

Saint  Thomas  (formerly  Aleliapoor,  or  Meli- 
poor),  a  S.  suburb  of  Madras,  in  India,  with  large  canton- 
ments.    It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.     Pop.  15,480. 

Saint  Thomas.     See  Montmasny  and  Pierreville. 

Saint  Thomas,  s§nt  tom'as,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
West  Indies,  belonging  to  Denmark,  38  miles  E.  of  Porto 
Rico.  Lat.  18°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  W.  Length,  17  miles; 
breadth,  about  4  miles.  It  has  a  rugged  and  elevated  surface, 
which  attains  its  greatest  height  towards  the  centre.  The 
soil  is  sandy,  and  the  far  greater  part  of  it  remains  uncul- 
tivated. The  whole  island  enjoys  the  privileges  of  a  free 
harbor,  but  the  trade,  once  extensive,  has  mostly  been 
transferred  to  Barbadoes.  Capital,  Charlotte  Amalie.  Pop. 
14,007.    See  Charlotte  Ahalie. 

Saint  Thomas,  or  Sfto  Thome,  s6wn»  to-mi',  an 
island  of  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  belonging  to  the  Portu- 
i  guese,  immediately  N.  of  the  equator,  in  Ion.  6°  3'  E.  Area, 
•145  square  miles.  In  its  centre  the  peak  of  Santa  Anna 
rises  to  7020  feet  in  height.  The  valleys  are  highly  fertile. 
The  products  comprise  maize,  dates,  manioc,  sweet  potatoes, 
cotton,  sugar,  indigo,  cocoa-nuts,  and  medicinal  barks.  Live- 
stock is  plentiful.     Capital,  Chaves.     Pop.  29,441. 

Saint  Thomas  £ast,  a  post-village  in  Joliette  oo., 
Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Industry  Railway,  4  miles 
from  Joliette.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Thomas'  Mount,  a  town  and  extensive  mili- 
tary cantonment  of  British  India,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras. 

Saint  Thomas  West,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Elgin,  on  Kettle  Creek,  anc'   .^n  the  Great  West- 


em,  Canada  Southern,  Credit  Valley,  St.  Clair  Branch,  and 
London  &  Port  Stanley  Railways,  15  miles  S.  of  London, 
and  9  miles  from  Port  Stanley.  It  contains  churche^  of  6 
denominations,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  about 
100  stores  and  30  hotels,  5  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  2  large 
foundries,  3  tanneries,  a  block-  and  tackle-factory,  a  car- 
wheel  foundry,  car-shops  employing  about  500  men,  and  a 
large  number  of  factories  of  various  kinds.  The  public 
buildings  are  the  town  hall  and  market,  court-house,  and 
music  hall.  The  town  has  advanced  very  rapidly  during 
the  past  few  years,  on  account  of  the  railways  running 
through  it.     Pop.  (1891)  10,370. 

Saint  Timoth6e,  s8,n»  te^moHi',  a  post-village  in 
Beauharnois  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Beauhamois  Canal,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  the  town  of  Beauharnois.  It  has  a  church,  a  col- 
lege, a  convent,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Tite,  sis^  teet,  a  post-village  in  Champlain  co., 
Quebec,  33  miles  N.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Tite  des  Caps,  s&N<>teet  d&  kip,  a  post- village 
in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  34  miles  below  Quebec. 

Saint-Trond,  siuo  tr6No,  atown  of  Belgian  Limbourg, 
on  the  branch  railway  from  Mechlin  to  Liege,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tongres.  Pop.  11,039.  It  has  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, and  manufactures  of  soap,  tobacco,  and  lace. 

Saint- Tropez,  s4n<»  tro^pi'  (ano.  Heraclea  ?),  a  mari- 
time town  of  France,  department  of  Var,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Grimaud,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  37  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Toulon.  Pop.  3236.  It  has  sea-baths,  manufactures  of 
brandy,  and  fisheries  of  sardines  and  anchovies. 

Saint  Ubes,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Setxjbal. 

Saint  Ulric,  Quebec.    See  Tessierville. 

Saint  Urbain,  siNt  liR'biN"',  a  post-village  »n  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul's  Bay. 

Saint  Urbain,  a  post- village  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Que- 
bec, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lachine.  It  has  2  hotels  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  600. 

Saint- Vaast,  siu"  v&st,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  9  miles  E.  of  Mens.     Pop.  5667. 

Saint- Vaast,  eks»  v&st,  a  town  of  France,  in  Mancke, 
on  the  English  Channel,  near  Cape  La  Hogne,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  3014: 

Saint  Valentine,  siu"  viMftwHeen',  a  post-village  in 
St.  John's  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Richelieu,  near  Stottville. 

Saint  Val6rie  de  Bnlstrode.    See  Bclstrode. 

Saint  Val6rien,  s4no  v4*li^re-&No',  a  post-village  in 
Sheflford  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.  of  Upton.     Pop.  100. 

Saint- Valery-en-Caux,  sin"  v4M?h-ree'  &n»  k5,  a 
town  on  the  N.  coast  of  France,  department  of  Seine-In- 
fgrieure,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dieppe.  Pop.  4030.  It  has 
sea-baths,  ship-yards,  and  an  active  fishery. 

Saint-Valery-sur-Somme,  8&n»  v4M§h-ree'  sUr 
somm,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Somme,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Somme,  near  the  English  Channel,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Abbeville.  Pop.  3406.  It  has  a  school  of  naviga- 
tion, fisheries,  rope-walks,  and  docks  for  building  vessels. 

Saint  Valier,  sS.n»  v8,Me-i',  a  post-village  in  Belle- 
chasse  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  36  miles  below  Quebec.    Pop.  300. 

Saint  Vallier,  siNo  vilMe-i',  a  market-town  of  France, 
in  Dr8me,  on  the  Rhone,  and  on  the  railway  from  Lyons 
to  Avignon,  19  miles  N.  of  Valence.  Pop.  3035.  It  has 
an  old  Gothic  castle,  manufactures  of  crape,  silks,  tulle, 
gauze,  twist,  and  chemical  products,  and  a  trade  in  wine. 

Saint  Veit,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Sanct  Veit. 

Saint-Venant,  sS.n°  v^h-nftic',  a  fortified  town  ol 
France,  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Lys,  near  B6thune.     P.  1385. 

Saint  Venant,  Quebec.     See  Paquette. 

Saint- Victor,  s3,h°  veekHoR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ardeche,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tournon. 

Saint  Victor  de  Tring,  sin"  veekHoR'  d§h  treeng, 
a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  60  miles  S.  of  Quebec. 
It  has  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  potash-factories. 

Saint  Vin'cent,  one  of  the  British  West  India  Islands, 
100  miles  W.  of  Barbadoes,  lat.  (Kingston)  13°  13'  N., 
Ion.  61°  15'  W.,  17  miles  long  and  about  10  miles  broad. 
Area,  132  square  miles.  A  ridge  of  high,  well-wooded, 
volcanic  hills  stretches  through  the  island  from  N.  to  S., 
and  sends  ofi"  subordinate  masses,  which  extend  to  the  sea. 
In  the  N.W.  is  a  volcano  called  the  Soufri^re,  in  which 
tremendous  eruptions  have  occurred.  Its  height  is  3000 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  its  crater  is  3  miles  in  circuit  and 
500  feet  deep.  The  soil  in  the  valleys  is  usually  a  rich,  te- 
nacious, and  occasionally  fine  black  loam.  The  climate  is 
exceedingly  humid,  having  an  average  annual  fall  of  raiii 
of  nearly  80  inches,  but  is  not  unhealthy.  The  principal 
products  are  sugar,  rum,  molasses,  arrow-root,  and  cotton. 


SAI 


23G3 


SAL 


The  island  has  a  local  government,  subject  to  that  of  the 
Windward  Islands.  The  capital,  Kingston^  is  near  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  the  island.     Pop.  (1891)  41,U54. 

Saint  Vincent  (Port.  Slh  Vicente,  sSwH*  ve-sin'ti), 
one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  S.E.  of  San 
Antonio.  Length,  15  miles;  greatest  breadth,  9  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  The  Porto  Grande  is  one  of  the 
safest  bays  in  these  islands.  The  products  comprise  cotton, 
archil,  and  live-stock.     Corn  and  fmits  are  supplied  from 

n  Antonio.     Area,  70  square  miles.     Pop.  1700. 

Saint  Vincent)  in  Spain.    See  Sam  Vicente. 

Saint  Vin'cent,  a  post-village  of  Kittson  co.,  Minn., 
OD  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  opposite  Pembina,  N.D., 
Mid  2  miles  from  the  boundary  of  Manitoba.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Crookston  &  St.  Vincent  branch  of  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  Line,  which  connects  here  with  a 
branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop.  about  500. 

Saint  Vincent,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Vicente. 

Saint  Vincent,  Ontario.    See  Meaford. 

Saint  Vin'cent  de  Paul  (Fr.  pron.  sis"  viN»^s6N»' 
dfh  pol),  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Laval,  on  Isle 
J6sus,  and  on  the  Rivifire  des  Prairies,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montreal.  It  contains  the  provincial  penitentiary,  several 
tores,  and  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Saint  Vin'cent  Gulf,  of  South  Australia,  is  between 
,t.  34"  and  35°  40'  S.,  and  about  Ion.  138°  E.,  bounded  E. 
by  the  mainland,  and  W.  by  Yorke  Peninsula,  separating 
it  from  Spencer  Gulf.  Length,  90  miles :  breadth,  35  miles. 
It  receives  the  Torrens  and  Gawler,  and  communicates  by 
Investigator  Strait  with  Spencer  Gulf,  and  by  Backstairs 
Passage  with  Encounter  Bay.  Jervis  Cape  forms  its  S. 
limit,  and  Ports  Gawler  and  Adelaide  are  on  its  E.  side. 

Saint  Vital  de  liumbton.    See  Lahbton. 

Saint- Vivien,  sk^  veeVe-AN»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lesparre. 

Saint  Vrain,  a  hamlet  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  on  the  South 
Platte  River,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Vrain  Creek,  about  45 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Denver.  It  is  on  the  Denver  Pacific 
Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint   Vrain   Creek,   Colorado,  is  formed  by  two 

branches,  the  North  and  South,  which  rise  in  the  Rocky 

Mountains  near  Long's  Peak,  and  unite  in  Boulder  co.     It 

northeastward,  and   enters   the   South  Fork  of  the 

'latte  about  15  miles  above  Evans. 

Saint  Wenceslas,  s8,n»  v6n<»^s88M&s',  a  post-village  in 
icolet  CO.,  Quebec,  10  miles  S.E.  of  St.  C^Iestin.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  VFen'dall  (or  Wen'del),  a  post-township  of 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  471. 

Saint  Wendel,  Prussia.     See  Sanct  Wendel. 

Saint  Wen'del,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Saint  Wen'dell's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind., 
about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evansville. 

Saint  Wen'tel,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co..  111.,  in  Pixley 
township,  3  miles  E.  of  Ingraham.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Williams,  or  Wal'singham,  a  post-village 
in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Erie,  17  miles  S.  of  Sim- 
coe.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Xavier,  zav'e-^r  (Sp.  San  Xavier  or  Javier,  akn 

Il-ve-aiR'),  an  island  oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  in  the 
nlf  of  PeSas.  Lat.  47°  4'  S.;  Ion.  74°  27'  W. 
Saint  Xavier,  of  South  America,  Mexico,  dec.  See 
*N  Xavier. 
Saint- Ybars,  siNt  ee^baR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
ri^ge,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pamiers.  Pop.  of  commune,  2148. 
Saint- Yrieix,  sS,Nt  eeVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Vienne,  on  the  Lou6,  27  miles  S.  of  Limoges.  P.  3542. 
Saint  Zenon,  88,n»  z^-nbtf',  or  Saint  Louis  de 
Mantawa,  s4no  loo^ee'  d^h  m8,nH4'w4*,  a  post- village  in 
Joliette  CO.,  Quebec,  on  a  tributary  of  the  St.  Maurice,  67 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Joliette.    See  also  Piopolis. 

Saint  Z^phirin,  Bkv»  zi^feV&so',  a  post-village  in 

Tamaska  co.,  Quebec,  21  miles  E.  of  St.  Francois  du  Lao. 

Pop.  400. 

Saint  Zotique,  sin*  zoHeek',  a  post-village  in  Sou- 

ges  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  2i  miles  from 

iteau  Landing.     Pop.  200. 

Saison,  si*z6N<>',  a  river  of  Prance,  rises  in   Basses- 
ranges,  flows  N.N.W.  past  Maul6on,  below  which  it  some- 
times takes  the  name  of   Gave  de  Maul6on,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  45  miles,  joins  the  Gave  d'Oloron. 
Saj,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Sax. 

Sajo,  shSh^yo'  (i.e.,  "  salt"),  a  river  of  North  Hungary, 
rises  in  the  Carpathians,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Dobschau,  flows 
8.E.,  and  joins  the  Hernad  at  Onod.     Length,  80  miles. 
Styo-Kaza,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Kaza. 
Saionia  and  Sajon.     See  Sazont. 


mr 


Pop 

I 


I 


Sajteny,  shiUiR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Maroa, 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arad.     Pop,  3944. 

Sa'jur,  a  considerable  river  of  Syria,  rises  in  the  Taurus, 
and  flows  S.E.  past  Aintab  to  the  Euphrates. 

Sak,  s&k,  a  salt  lake  of  Russia,  near  the  W.  shore  of 
the  Crimea,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eupatoria.  It  is  about  3 
miles  long.     Near  it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Sakaing,  s&^king',  a  town  of  Bormab,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Irrawaddy,  opposite  Ava. 

Sakair,  or  Sakae,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Osaka 

Sakara,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Sakkara. 

Sakareeyah,  or  Sakariyah,  s&-k&-ree'y&,  often 
written  Sakaria,  or  Aiala,  i-i'l4  (anc.  Sangariua),  a 
river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  S.  of  Angora,  and,  after  a  rapid 
N.E.  and  N.  course,  estimated  at  230  miles,  enters  the  Black 
Sea  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Sakatal,  8&-ki,-t&l',  or  Sakataly,  s&-k&-t&r$,  a  dis- 
trict or  government  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  old  kingdom  of  Georgia,  and  bounded  N.E.  by 
the  crest  of  the  Caucasus,  which  divides  it  from  Daghestan. 
Area,  1620  square  miles.  Pop.  56,802.  Capital,  Sakatal, 
situated  on  a  small  stream  about  75  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Yelisavetpol. 

Sakatn,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Saccatoo. 

Sakayt,  sft-kit',  or  Sekket,  sfik-kJt',  a  large  village 
of  Egypt,  in  the  S.E.,  having  the  remains  of  a  temple. 
Lat.  24°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  47'  E.  A  few  miles  northeast- 
ward are  the  ancient  emerald-mines  of  Jeb-el-Zabara. 

Sakhalien,  an  island  of  Asia.     See  Saghalin. 

Sakit,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sttkeet. 

Sakka,  s&k'k&,  or  Sak'a,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  capital 
and  principal  commercial  emporium  of  Enarea,  on  the  river 
Gibbi,  near  lat.  8°  N.,  Ion.  37°  E. 

Sakkara,  or  Saccara,  s&k-k&'rd.,  written  also  Sa- 
kara, a  village  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  12 
miles  S.  of  Gheezeh,  remarkable  for  the  pyramids  near  it. 

Sakkhar,  a  state  of  India.     See  Sukkur. 

Sakmara,  s&k-m&'r&,  a  river  of  Russia,  government 
of  Orenboorg,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  mostly 
S.,  and  joins  the  Ural  River  18  miles  W.  of  Orenboorg. 
Length,  350  miles. 

Sakoora,  or  Sakonra,  s&-koo'r&,  an  island  of  Japan, 
in  a  large  bay  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  contains  a 
lofty  mountain,  called  Mitake. 

Sakor,  a  town  of  Siam.     See  Ligor. 

Sakti,  a  state  of  India.     See  Suktee. 

Sal,  sil,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  tiie  Don  Cossack  country, 
joins  the  Don  near  Novo-Cherkask,  after  a  W.  course  of 
250  miles. 

Sal,  sil,  a  river  of  Pern,  rises  not  far  from  the  town  of 
Cangallo,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  near  Huanta  unites  with  the 
Jauja  to  form  the  Mantaro.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Sal,  sM,  or  Sel,  sSl,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands, 
N.N.W.  of  Boavista.  Lat.  16°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  W.  Length, 
20  miles ;  breadth,  9  miles.     Pop.  750.     It  produces  salt. 

Sala,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Saale. 

Sala,  8&'1&,  or  Sala  Consilina,  s&'l&  kon-se-lee'nfl.  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  in  the  Val  di  Diano,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  7772. 

Sala,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Parma.  It  has  an  old  castle  in  a  ruinous  state,  and  near 
it  is  the  beautiful  Casino  de'  Bosohi.     Pop.  3095. 

Sala,  8&'1&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Westmanland,  21 
miles  W.  of  Westerns.     Near  it  are  silver-mines.     P.  4556. 

Sala  Biellese,  s&'l&  be-dl-l&'si,  a  village  of  Italy, 
near  Biella.     Pop.  1296. 

Salacia,  Portugal.    See  Alcacer  do  Sal. 

Saladasburg,  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa.    See  Salladtbcro. 

Saladillo,  si-l&-Deeryo  (the  "  Little  Salt  River"),  the 
name  of  several  small  streams  of  the  Argentine  Republic. 
One  of  these  falls  into  the  Rio  Salado  near  35°  30'  S.  lat. 

Salado,  sl-li'do,  a  post-village  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Belton,  and  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin. 
It  has  4  churches  and  several  flour-mills,  and  a  manufac  - 
tory  of  farm-implements.  It  is  the  seat  of  Salado  College 
(non-sectarian),  which  was  organized  in  1869  and  has  about 
200  pupils.  Salado  was  founded  for  educational  purposes. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Salado  (si-ll'do)  Bay,  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo, 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  S.  of  Copiap6. 

Salado  (s&-l&'do)  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southward  in 
Bexar  co.,  and  enters  the  San  Antonio  River  about  16  miles 
S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Salado  de  Tarifa,  si-li'Do  di  ti-ree'fi,  a  small  river 
of  Spain,  province  of  Cadiz,  celebrated  for  the  battle  fought 
on  its  banks  in  1340,  in  which  the  Moslems  were  defeated. 

Salado,  Rio,  Argentine  Republic.     See  Rio  Salado 


SAL 


2364 


fiAL 


Salaheeyah,  or  Salahiyah,  s&-I&-hee'&,  a  ruined 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Rahabeh,  about  lat.  34°  30'  N.,  Ion.  40°  30'  E. 

Salahieh,  s&-I&-hee'$h,  or  Salhieh,  s&l-hee'^h,  writ- 
ten also  Selahieh,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  near  the 
Pelusiac  arm  of  the  Nile,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Belbeys.  Pop. 
6000,  mostly  Arabs.  It  is  surrounded  by  palm  trees,  and 
has  a  large  mosque. 

Salama,  s&-l&'m&,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state 
and  65  miles  N.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  5000. 

Salamanca^  E&-l&-m&ng'kd,  (anc.  Salaman'tica),  a  city 
of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  extending  up  rocky  heights 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tormes,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad 
Rodrigo,  in  lat.  45°  5'  N.,  Ion.  5°  43'  W.  Pop.  15,906.  A 
great  part  of  the  city  within  the  walls  is  in  ruins ;  it 
streets  are  mostly  narrow,  steep,  crooked,  and  dirty.  It 
has,  however,  some  fine  large  residences,  venerable  edifices 
in  all  styles  of  architecture,  and  the  largest  public  square  in 
Spain,  surrounded  with  arcades,  and  serving  for  a  bull -ring. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  florid  Gothic  cathedral  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  with  a  richly-decorated  interior,  25  other 
churches,  and  a  foundling  asylum.  Salamanca  is  the  Ox- 
ford of  Spain,  and  previous  to  the  French  occupation  in 
1812  it  had  25  colleges,  of  which  20  are  said  to  have  been 
ruined  by  the  French.  Since  then  the  suppression  of  the 
convents  has  struck  at  the  root  of  the  prosperity  of  its 
university,  which  in  the  fifteenth  century  had  12,000 
students,  and  is  still  important.  Here  is  an  immense 
Jesuit  college,  now  used  as  a  clerical  seminary,  also  an 
Irish  mission  school,  and  manufactures  of  hats,  woollen 
cloths,  shoes,  leather,  earthenware,  starch,  and  glue.  The 
battle  of  Salamanca,  in  which  the  allies,  under  Welling- 
ton, totally  defeated  the  French,  under  Marmont  and  Clusel, 
July  22,  1812,  was  fought  on  the  heights  of  Arapiles,  4 

miles  S.E.  of  the  city. Adj.  and  inhab.  (Sp.  Salaman- 

QUES,  s&-l&-m&n-kis'). 

Salamanca,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  bounded 
W.  by  Portugal.  Area,  4888  square  miles.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Douro,  the  Tormes,  and  the  Alagon.     Pop.  281,511. 

Salaman'ca)  a  township  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1150.     It  contains  part  of  Columbus. 

Salamanca^  a  post-village  in  Salamanca  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  46  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  108  miles  S.W. 
of  Rochester,  and  34  miles  E.  of  Jamestown.  It  is  the 
N.E.  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
and  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  tannery,  and  several  saw-mills,  and  is  mainly  supported 
bj'  the  lumber-business.  Here  are  machine-shops  of  the 
railroad  companies.     Pop.  in  1880,  2531  ;  in  1890,  3692. 

Salamanca,  si-li-m&ng'ki,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
of  Coquimbo,  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Illapel.     Pop.  2072. 

Salamanca,  s3,-l&-m3,ng'k&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Guanajuato,  in  a  plain  5500  feet  above 
the  sea.     Pop.  15,500. 

Salamanca,  a  long  and  narrow  island  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  ofi"  the  mouth  of  the  Magdalena,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Marta. 

Salamanca  de  Bacalar,  Yucatan.    See  Bacalar. 

Salambria,  a  river  of  Thessaly.     See  Salembria. 

Salamis,  sal'a-mis,  orKolouri,  ko-loo'ree,  an  island 
of  Greece,  government  of  Attica,  in  the  Gulf  of  ^gina,  10 
miles  W.  of  Athens.  Area,  30  square  miles.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular,-  the  surface  is  mountainous,  wooded  in  some 
parts,  and  on  the  coast  small  quantities  of  cotton,  wine, 
and  olives  are  raised.  It  has  several  villages  and  convents. 
Pop.  3950.  In  the  channel  between  it  and  the  mainland 
the  Greeks  under  Themistocles  gained  a  memorable  naval 
victory  over  the  Persians,  B.C.  480.  Solon  and  Euripides 
were  natives  of  Salamis. 

Salamo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Richmond,  is  at  a  hamlet  named  Lancaster. 

Salamo'nie,  township,  Huntington  co.,  Ind.    P.  1485. 

Salamonie  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Jay  co.,  runs 
northwestward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Blackford,  Wells,  and 
Huntington,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  at  Lagro.  It  is 
nearly  90  miles  long. 

Salandra,  s3,-l&n'dr&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilipata,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Tricarico.     Pop.  2562. 

Salandrella,  si-l4n-drSl'li,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.E., 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Basiento.  Length,  50  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name. 

Salang,  an  island,  Indian  Ocean.     See  Jukk-Ceylon. 

Saianga,  s&-l&ng'g&,  a  point  and  island  off  the  coast 
of  Ecuador,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Guayaquil. 


Salangore,  si-lin-gSr',  a  petty  state  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  stretching  for  about  120  miles  along  its  W.  side, 
having  on  the  N.  Perak  and  on  the  S.  Rumbowe.  Po)i. 
estimated  at  12,000.  The  products  comprise  dammar-wood, 
oil,  and  rattans. 

Salangore,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  on  a  river 
near  the  sea,  has  a  fort  and  a  shallow  harbor.  Lat.  about 
3°  20'  N.;  Ion.  101°  30'  E. 

Salara,  si-li'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  province 
and  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  1525. 

Salaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Chinchilla. 

Salaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Sax. 

Salas,  s&'lis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  46  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  1305. 

Salas-y- Gomez,  si'lis-ee-go-mith',  a  small  islana 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  26°  28'  S.,  Ion.  105°  26'  W.  It 
is  composed  of  rocks,  and  is  said  to  have  no  vegetation. 

Salat,  si^li',  a  river  of  France,  in  Ari^ge,  rises  in  the  , 
Pyrenees,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Garonne.     Length. 
62  miles. 

Salatdere,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  Chalatdere. 

Salawatty,  si-li-w4t'tee,  or  Salwat'ty,  an  island  o( 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  W.  extremity  of  Papua,  ia 
lat.  1°  S.,  Ion.  131°  E.    Length,  35  miles;  breadth,  25  mile 

Salayer,  or  Saleyer,  s4-li'fr,  a  group  of  islands  it 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Celebes,  forminj 
part  of  the  Dutch  possessions.  It  consists  of  the  islands  of 
Salayer  or  Great  Salayer,  Kalaura,  Boneratta,  Hog  Island, 
and  the  Boegerones.  Salayer  Island,  about  30  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.,  by  8  miles  broad,  in  lat.  (N.  point)  5°  47' 
S.,  Ion.  120°  28'  E.,  is  separated  from  Celebes  by  the  Strait 
of  Salayer,  13  miles  broad.     Pop.  of  the  group,  60,000. 

Salazar  de  las  Palmas,  8&-14-thaR'  d&  l&s  p&rm4s, 
a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Boyac^, 
40  miles  N.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Venezuelan  frontier. 

Salcito,  s4l-chee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Trigno, 
province  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3295. 

Saldafta,  s4l-d8,n'y4,  a  town  of  Spain,  37  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Palencia,  on  the  Carrion.     Pop.  1347. 

Saldanha  (s&l-d&'na  or  s4l-d&n'y4)  Bay,  of  South 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Town,  in 
lat.  33°  1'  S.,  Ion.  17°  54'  B.     Length,  15  miles. 

Saldfto,  s&I-ddwN>',  or  Sadfto,  s4-ddwN<>',  a  river  of 
Portugal,  in  Alemtejo  and  Estremadura,  flows  N.,  and 
enters  the  Bay  of  Setubal  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Setubal. 

Sal  de  Obispo,  e41  di  o-bees'po,  a  town  of  Peru,  3{ 
miles  W.  of  Pisagua,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail. 

Sale,  8&'14,  or  Sale  di  Tortona,  s&'l4  dee  toR-to'nl 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria,  10  miles  N.N.M^ 
of  Tortona.     Pop.  5850. 

Sale,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Brescia,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Iseo.     Pop.  1896. 

Sale,  s3,M4',  written  also  Sallee,  Salee,  and  Sla,  i 
seaport  town  of  Morocco,  1 06  miles  W.  of  Fez,  on  the  Media 
terranean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Boo-Regreb,  opposite  Rabattj 
Lat.  34°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  46'  W.     Pop.  estimated  at  10,000. 

Sale,  sail,  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  capital  of  Tanjiij 
CO.,  140  miles  E.S.E.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  2105. 

Sale-Castelnnovo,  84'14-k4s^tdl-noo-o'vo,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  a  little  N.  of  Castellamonte,  oa 
a  tributary  of  the  Orca.     Pop.  1902. 

Sale  (or  Sail)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  eo^ 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  -^ 

Salee,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Sale. 

Saleen,  Ireland.    See  Binghamstown. 

Sa'lem,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Salem  district,  170 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Madras.  Cotton  and  silk  are  here 
manufactured.     Pop.  50,012. 

Salem,  a  district  of  India,  Madras  presidency,  having 
Mysore  on  the  N.W.  and  the  Cavery  River  on  the  W.  and 
S.W.  Area,  7384  square  miles.  Capital,  Salem.  Timber, 
cotton,  rice,  coffee,  tobacco,  indigo,  &o.,  are  largely  pro- 
duced, and  iron  is  mined  and  wrought.     Pop.  1,963,243. 

Sa'lem,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New  Jersey,  haa 
an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Maurice  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Muddy  River  and  Old  Man's  and 
Salem  Creeks.  The  surface  is  level.  The  soil  is  partly 
sandy  and  mostly  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  hay,  butter,^ 
potatoes,  sweet  potatoes,  and  grass-seed  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  extensive  deposits  of  marl.  It  ii^^ 
intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.  Capital,j 
Salem.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,940;  in  1880,  24,579;  in  1890,| 
25,161. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Western  1 
Railroad  of  Alabama,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.  Ga.,  \ 


SAL 


2305 


SAL 


and  11  miles  E.  of  Opolika.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Sal  em «  a  post^village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark.,  is 
situated  in  a  farming  and  mineral  section,  about  130  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rook.  It  has  2  newspaper  oflSoes,  a 
grist-mil),  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saleniy  a  village  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  21  miles  S.  of 
Fort  Smith.     It  has  several  churches  and  stores. 

Salem  J  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  10  or  11  miles  W.S.W,  of  Norwich.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  seminary  for  ladies.  It  is  in  a  valley,  sur- 
rounded by  hills  and  beautiful  lakes.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 717. 

Salem,  a  post-oflSce  of  Taylor  oo.,  Fla. 

Salem )  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  111.     Pop.  1677. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co..  III.,  in 
Salem  township,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  65 
miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Centralia.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 

Eaper   offices,  a  flouring-mill,  and   a   graded   school,  the 
uilding  of  which  cost  $30,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  1493 ;  of 
the  township,  2250. 

Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  from 
Monroe  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  75. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1413. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  567. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1385. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Washington  township,  on  a  branch  of  Blue  River,  and 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  several  handsome  residences.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1975.     There  is  a  quarry  of  oolitic  limestone  near  Salem. 

Salem,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  4  churches  and  Whit- 
tier  College,  which  was  organized  in  1873  and  is  under  the 
direction  of  the  Friends.  This  college  is  open  to  both  sexes. 
Salem  has  a  tannery,  a  carriage-shop,  and  2  drug-stores. 
The  township  is  drained  by  Cedar  Creek,  and  has  mines  of 
bituminous  coal.     Pop.  of  the  village,  479;  of  the  town- 

p,  additional,  1262. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Allen  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop.  398. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
J27. 

Salem,  a  post- village  in  White  Mound  township,  Jew- 
1^  CO.,  Kansas,  about  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salina.     It  is  on 

lite  Rock  Creek,  15  miles  S.  of  Red  Cloud,  Neb.     It  has 

churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  Ac. 
Pwo  miles  from  Salem  is  a  remarkable  chalk  mound,  which 

of  a  conical  form  and  70  feet  high. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     P.  331. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  oo.,  Ky.,  about  30 
liles  N.E.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  church  and  Salem  Col- 
»ge.     Pop.  50. 
|L:   Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  near  the  Lick- 
sg  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Covington. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in  Salem 
jwnship,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Farmington.  Pop. 
"  the  township,  307. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  11  or  12 
liles  E.  by  S.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Salem,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Bse.x  CO.,  Mass.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  peninsula 
trmed  by  two  inlets  of  the  sea,  called  North  and  South 
'Rivers,  of  which  the  former  separates  it  from  Beverly,  14 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston,  with  which  it  communicates  by 
the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  is  also  connected  by  branch  rail- 
roads with  Marblehead,  Lawrence,  Lowell,  Haverhill,  and 
Wakefield.  It  has  a  good  harbor.  The  town  had  formerly 
an  extensive  trade  with  India,  China,  Africa,  and  South 
America ;  but  at  present  the  foreign  trade  is  small,  although 
the  ooasting-trade  is  extensive,  the  reception  of  coal  for  dis- 
tribution by  rail  being  a  leading  interest.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  of  cotton  goods,  white  lead,  lead  pipe, 
eastings,  leather,  boots  and  shoes,  <fco.  The  city  has  an 
almshouse,  a  hospital,  an  orphanage,  20  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  state  normal  school  for  girls,  a  city  hall,  a  court- 
house, a  reformatory,  a  custom-house,  an  East  India  marine 
society  with  a  museum,  a  marine  hall,  the  Peabody  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  the  Salem  AthensBum,  and  the  Essex 
Institute  (the  last  two  occupying  a  fine  building  called 
Plummer  Hall).  The  town  has  many  fine  old  mansions 
dating  from  the  colonial  period  and  the  times  of  its  mer- 


cantile supremacy.  It  is  closely  connected  with  the  neigh- 
boring towns  of  Beverly,  Peabody,  Danrers,  Marblehead, 
and  Lynn  by  electric  railroad.  Pop.  in  1890,  30,801. 
Salem  was  founded  in  1628  by  John  Endioott,  and  in  1692 
the  famous  "  Salem  witchcraft"  delusion  broke  out,  during 
which  20  persons  were  here  executed  as  witches  on  what 
is  called  Gallows  Hill. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1172. 

Salem,  a  post-township  of  Washtenaw  co..  Mien.,  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Ann  Arbor,  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad.  Salem  Station  on  that 
road  is  29  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  Here  is  a  hamlet  named 
Salem,  which  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  about  100  in- 
habitants.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1202. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  1007. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Miss.,  about  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  85. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  986. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dent  co..  Mo.,  is  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  131  miles  S.W. 
of  St.  Louis,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rolla.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  ploughs.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  1624. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.     Pop.  470. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Nemaha  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  South  Fork,  and 
on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  85  miles  S.£.  of 
Lincoln,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Falls  City.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  3  brick-yards,  a  flour-mill,  and  4  lime- 
kilns.    Pop.  about  600. 

Salem,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashua,  and  about  7 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Haverhill,  Mass.  It  is  nearly  2  miles  E. 
of  Salem  Depot,  which  is  on  the  Manchester  <fc  Lawrence 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1603. 

Salem,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  is  situate*! 
on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  3^  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Delaware  River,  44  miles  by  railroad  S.S.W.  of 
Camden,  and  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wilmington, 
Del.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  which 
connects  it  with  Camden  and  Bridgeton.  It  contains  many 
beautiful  residences,  a  court-house,  10  or  11  churches  (2 
colored),  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  collegiate  insti- 
tute, 2  newspaper  offices,  2  manufactories  of  glass-ware,  an 
iron-foundry,  2  large  flouring-mills,  a  manufactory  of  oil- 
cloth, and  an  establishment  for  canning  fruits.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  rich  farming  country,  the  produce  of  which  is 
shipped  in  steamboats  and  other  vessels  which  ply  between 
Salem  and  Philadelphia.     Pop.  in  1890,  S.ilC). 

Salem,  a  post- village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Rensselaer  & 
Saratoga  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Troy,  and  about  25 
miles  S.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  1239. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Batten  Kill 
River,  and  contains  a  village  named  Shushan.     Pop.  3716. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  a 
small  affluent  of  the  Yadkin  River,  109  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Raleigh,  and  i  mile  S.  of  Winston.  It  is  on  the  Salem 
Branch  of  the  Piedmont  Air-Line  Railroad.  It  contains  a 
church,  the  Salem  Female  Academy,  a  Moravian  school 
(occupying  4  brick  buildings),  a  male  college,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  national  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  a  tannery,  2  car- 
riage-shops, a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2711.  • 

Salem,  a  township  of  Pasquotank  oo.,  N.C.   Pop.  1314. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  877. 

Salem,  a  station  in  Brown  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A 
Eastern  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     Pop.  1854. 

Salem,  a  handsome  post-town  in  Perry  township,  Co- 
lumbiana CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Alliance,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Youngstown.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the  county,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  rich  farming  community.  It  contains  2 
Friends'  meeting-houses,  5  other  churches,  2  national  banks, 
the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $325,000,  a  public  hall,  a 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  flour-mills  and 
machine-shops,  galvanized-iron-works,  and  manufactures 
of  engines,  stoves,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  5780. 

Salem,  Guernsey  co.,  0.     See  North  Salbu. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1029. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1708. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.  Pop.  1718.  It 
contains  Salem  Centre. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.     Pop.  2100. 


SAL 


2366 


SAL 


Salem,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in  Randolph 
township,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
distillery,  a  grist-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop.  312.  Here  ii 
Clayton  Post-OflSce. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  941. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.     Pop.  1687. 

Salem,  Ross  co.,  0.     See  South  Salem. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.    Pop.  1428. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1726. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.     Pop.  2102. 

Salem,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Salem  town- 
ship, on  Duck  Creek,  1  mile  from  Warner  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  4  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam 
flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1571.  Here  is  Lower 
Salem  Post-OfiBce. 

Salem,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  West  Salem. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  1103. 

Salem,  a  city  of  Oregon,  the  capital  of  the  state  and 
of  Marion  co.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  or  right  bank  of  the 
navigable  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  53  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Portland,  28  miles  N.  of 
Albany,  and  about  700  miles  N.  of  San  Francisoo.  Lat. 
44°  56'  N.;  Ion.  123®  1'  "W.  The  streets  are  all  straight, 
and  are  99  feet  wide.  Next  to  Portland,  Salem  is  the  most 
populous  town  of  Oregon.  It  is  the  seat  of  Willamette 
University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in 
1851,  and  contains  the  state  capitol,  which  is  264  feet  in 
length  by  75  feet  in  width,  a  state  prison,  a  state  reform 
school,  a  state  asylum  for  the  insane,  a  state  orphan's 
home,  22  churches,  3  academies,  4  banking-bouses,  a  fine 
brick  oourt-house,  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
founded  by  the  state  in  1870,  the  Oregon  School  for  the 
Blind,  founded  in  1873,  a  state  library  of  about  7000  vol- 
umes, 2  large  flooring- mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  oil,  woollen  goods,  stoves, 
sash  and  doors,  leather,  and  farming-implements.  Two 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
about  10,500. 

Salem,  a  village  in  Salem  township.  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
1  mile  from  State  Road  Station  of  the  Emlenton  &  Shippen- 
ville  Railroad,  which  is  5  miles  from  Emlenton.  It  has  3 
churches.  Here  is  Lamartine  Post-OflSce.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 1496. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1525. 

Salem,  Mercer  co..  Pa.    See  Leech's  Corners. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  686. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  IJ  miles  W. 
of  Selin's  Grove.  It  has  a  church,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
sash-factory. 

SaleHi,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2607. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2124.     See  New  Salkm. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McCook  co.,  S.D.,  26 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Parker,  and  38  miles  by  rail  W. 
by  N.  of  Sioux  Falls.     Pop.  in  1890,  429. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  7  miles  N. 
of  Bridgeport  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Salem,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Tex. 

Salem,  a  village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Win- 
chester &  Alabama  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Win- 
chester.    It  has  an  academy. 

Salem,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Sabine 
River,  40  miles  from  Orange. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  4^  miles  from 
Payson.     It  has  a  church. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  693. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Manassas  and  Front  Royal,  52  miles  W.  of 
Alexandria.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Salem  Fauquier. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Staunton  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  is  in  the  Great 
Valley,  which  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
graded  schools,  Roanoke  College  (Lutheran),  which  was 
organized  in  1853  and  has  a  library  of  16,000  volumes,  2 
tanneries,  2  tobacco-factories,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  in  1890,  3279. 

Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Lewisburg. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  grist- 
mill, a  planing-mill,  and  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Pop.  310. 

Salem}  a  post-hamlet  in  Salem  township,  Kenosha  co.. 


Wis.,  on  the  Kenosha  &  Rockford  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of 
Kenosha.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Fox  River,  and  contains  several  lakes.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1493. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.    Pop.  ?08. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  oo.  of  Wellington,  on 
the  Irvine  River,  1  mile  from  Elora.  It  has  saw-  and 
flouring-mills,  2  tanneries,  last-,  peg-,  and  stave-factories, 
a  brewery,  an  iron-foundry,  a  brick-field,  and  a  church. 

Salembria,  s&-ldm-bree'&,  or  Salympria,  s3,-lim- 
pree'&,  written  also  Salambria  and  Salempria  (anc. 
Pene'ua),  the  principal  river  of  Thessaly,  rises  at  the  N.W 
extremity  of  that  province,  flows  S.E.,  then  N.E.,  between 
Mounts  Ossa  and  Olympus,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Salonica. 
Length,  110  miles. 

Salem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Salem  township,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Salem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Salem  town 
ship,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Newburg. 

Salem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salem  township, 
Meigs  CO.,  0.,  about  52  miles  S.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  3 
stores,  a  public  hall,  and  9  residences. 

Salem  Chap'el,  a  post-township  of  Forsyth  oo.,  N.C. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  848. 

Salem  Church,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Salem  City,  a  village  in  Cranberry  township,  Venango 
CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches.  Here 
is  Seneca  Post-Office. 

Salem  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Salem  oo.,  runs 
westward  and  southward,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay  about  3 
miles  below  the  town  of  Salem,  which  is  on  this  creek. 
Sloops  can  ascend  it  nearly  10  miles. 

Salem  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  Salem  township,  on  the  Manchester  A  Lawrence  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lawrence,  Mass.     Pop.  500. 

Salem  Fauquier,  Fauqtuier  co.,  Va.    See  Salem. 

Salemi,  si-li'mee  (anc.  Ualy'cUe),  a  town  of  Sicily,  15j 
miles  N.E.  of  Mazzara.     Pop.  14,096. 

Salem  Junction,  a  station  of  the  North  Carolini 
Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Greensborough,  N.C.     It  is  the  B.'  ^ 
terminus  of  the  Salem  Branch  Railroad. 

Salem-on-Erie,  New  York.     See  Brockton. 

Salempria,  a  river  of  Thessaly.     See  Salembria. 

Sa'lemsburg,   a    post-hamlet   in    Liberty   townshi|^ 
Saline  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salina.     It  has 
churches.     It  was  settled  by  a  colony  of  Swedes. 

Sa'lemville,  a  post-office  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis. 

Salentinum  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Leuca. 

Salerano,  si-li-r4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  5  miles  W.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1076. 

Salernes,  s&HaiRn',  a  town  of  France,  department  oH 
Var,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Braque  and  Bresque,  11  mile 
W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2225. 

Salerno,  si-l^r'no  or  s4-lfiR'no  (anc.  Saler'num;  "Ft 
Salerne,  siUainn'),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Italy,  capital  of  I 
the  province  of  Salerno,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  gulf  ofj 
its  own  name,  33  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Naples,  finely  situate 
on  the  side  and  at  the  foot  of  a  hill  crowned  by  the  remaii 
of  an  ancient  citadel.     Lat.  40°  40'  N.;  Ion.  14°  46'  E.     It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  broad  road  along  the  shore 
Its  streets,  paved  with  lava,  are  narrow  and  irregular  andj 
hemmed  in  by  lofty,  gloomy -looking  houses.     The  principa 
edifices  are  the  cathedral,  erected  by  Robert  Guiseard, 
Gothic  structure,  adorned  with  a  facade  of  28  granite  Co- 
rinthian pillars,  and  possessing  an   ancient  tomb  said 
contain  the  ashes  of  the  Apostle  Matthew,  the  governor'tl 

Ealace,  theatre,  17  churches,  an  ordinary  and  a  foundling 
ospital.     The  port  is  well  sheltered,  but  is  very  shallowj 
Salerno  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  high  crimina 
and  a  civil  court,  a  seminary,  and  a  lyceum,  and  once  had  i 
university  with  a  famous  medical  school.    The  foundation  ofl 
the  town  is  attributed  to  the  Greeks.     It  became  a  place  of"^ 
great  importance  under  the  Romans,  from  whom  it  passe ' 
first  to  the  Goths  and  afterwards  to  the  Lombards,  wh« 
retained  it  in  possession  till  the  eleventh  century,  whe« 
they  were  expelled  by  the  Norman,  Robert  Guiseard.     PcpJ 
27,759.    See  Gulf  op  Salerno. 

Salerno  (formerly  Principato  Citra,  prin-che- 
pi'to  che'tri),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Campania,  bounded  W,? 
and  S.  by  the  sea,  and  traversed  by  branches  of  the  ApenJ^ 
nines.  Area,  2116  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful  region ' 
Capital,  Salerno.     Pop.  641,738. 

Saleski,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Plescheievo. 

Salesville,  salz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
in  Millwood  township,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  thM 
Baltimore  &  Ohio   Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.     Tr 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  296. 


SAL 


2367 


SAL 


Saletto,  si-18t'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.W.  of 
Padua.     Pop.  2851, 
Saleyer,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Salayer. 
Salford)  sawl'f^rd,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
i  oaster,  immediately  W.  of  Manchester,  with  which  city  it 
|«ommunicate8  by  bridges  across  the  Irwell.     It  unites  with 
Manchester  to  form  the  mo^t  populous  place  in  England 
after  the  metropolis,  and  the  chief  seat  of  the  British  cotton- 
manufacture.     It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.     The 
tborough  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
^Pop.  in  1891,  198,136.     See  Manchbstkr. 

Sal'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Ingersoll.     Pop.  100. 

SalTordville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  1 
I  mile  from  Salford  Station,  which  is  on  the  Perkiomen  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.  of  Pennsburg,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Salgado,  s&I-g&'do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S.  of 
the  state  of  Cear^  under  the  name  of  the  Porcos,  and, 
several  miles  below  the  town  of  Ico,  joins  the  Jaguaribe. 

Salgado,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  on 
the  Sao  Francisco.     Lat.  15°  20'  S.     Pop.  4000. 

Salgar^  s&PgaR',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  in 
the  department  of  Bolivar,  on   the   Magdalena,  3   miles 
above  Sabanilla,  and  15  miles  below  Barranquilla,  to  which 
,<  a  railway  extends.     Steamers  anchor  several  miles  below, 
r«nd  discharge  their  freight  by  means  of  lighters. 
^      Salghir,  or  Salgir,  sil-gheeR',  the  principal  river  of 
j  the  Crimea,  rises  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Eila,  12  miles  S.E. 
tst  Simferopol,  flows  northward,  and  enters  the  lagoon  of 
[eivash  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  KaflFa.     Length,  100  miles. 
Salhieh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Salahieh. 
Salian,  sil-yin',  or  Safjauy,  sil-y3,n'§,  a  town  of 
Russian  Transcaucasia,  government  of  Bakoo,  on  the  river 
Koor,  15  miles  from  its  mouth.     Pop.  9038. 

Salibabo,    s&-Ie-b&'bo,    Salibaboo,     s&-le-b9,'boo, 
Talaut,  tiUSwt',  or  Tulour  (tooHoor')  Islands,  a 
:  cluster  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  lat.  4°  N.,  and  be- 
;4ween  Ion.  126°  and  127°  E.    See  also  Tulour. 

Saliceto,  si-le-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 

on  the  Bormida,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  1979. 

Saliciuni}  the  Latin  name  of  Fuzes. 

Salida,  s&-lee'd&,  a  post-office  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 

on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Modesto. 

Salies,  si^lee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Easses- 

Pyr^nees,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Gave  d'Oloron.     Pop.  2494. 

It  is  noted  for  its  springs  of  brine. 

Salina,  s&-lee'n&,  or  Salini,  si-lee'nee  (anc.  Did'yme), 
.  one  of  the  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  N.W.  of 
Lipari.     It  is  5  miles  in  diameter,  and  volcanic.     It  pro* 
duces  Malmsey  wine.     Pop.  4007. 

Salina,  s%-ll'na,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  9 
;  miles  N.W.  of  Boulder.  It  has  a  church,  4  quartz-mills,  4 
•tores,  and  rich  mines  of  gold  or  silver.     Pop.  about  400. 

Salina,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  about  28 
miles  S.  of  Joliet.     Pop.  865. 

Salinay  a  post-village  of  McLean  oo.,  111.,  in  Lexington 
^  township,  3  miles  from  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches. 
Salinay  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 
Salina,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
Kiver,  13  miles  below  New  Albany. 

Salina,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  line 
,  between  Buchanan  and  Lockridge  townships,  about  33  miles 
£.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Salina*  a  city,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 

^  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  47 

liles  W.  by  S.  of  Junction  City,  and  38  miles  E.  by  N.  of 

Sllsworth.     It  contains  6  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a 

ligh  school  with  a  building  which  cost  $30,000,  and  print- 

ring-offioes  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.     It  nas  3 

Ingrain-elevators,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  2  other  flour-mills. 

^Salt  springs  and  quarries  of  gypsum  are  found  near  this 

;, place.     Pop.  in  1870,  918;  in  1880,  3111 ;  in  1890,  6149. 

Salina,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
tWest  Jersey  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Woodbury. 

Salina,  a  township  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.T.     Pop.  2688. 

Saliua,  a  former  village  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  has 

been  united  to  Syracuse,  of  which  it  forms  the  1st  ward. 

Salina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Hock- 

ig  Kiver,  and  on  the  Columbus  &  Hooking  Valley  Railroad, 

it  miles  N.W.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and 

^•alt-works.     Pop.  90. 

Salina,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in  Cranberry 
^township,  6  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  ohuroh.  Here 
|i8  Cranberry  Post-Office. 

Salina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
f.£ell  township,  on  the  Kiskiminetaa  River,  and  on  the  West 


Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Freeport.  It  bM 
a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 

Salina,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Seri«r 
River,  about  120  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

SalinaS)  s&-lee'n&s,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  Alisal  township,  on  the  Salinas  River,  and  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  118  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Monterey.     It  has  a  bank, 

2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  and  several  factories.  Pop. 
in  188U,  1854;  in  1890,  2339. 

SalinaS)  township,  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.   Pop.  1728. 

Salinas  River,  California,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction 
through  Monterey  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Santa  Cruz. 

Saline,  sa-leen'  or  sa'line,  a  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  622  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Saline  River  and  its  branches.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  said 
to  be  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  butter,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite,  quartz, 
slate,  and  blue  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Benton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3911;  in  1880,  8953;  in  1890,  11,311. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area, 
of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Middle  and 
South  Forks  of  Saline  River,  which  unite  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  black  walnut, 
tulip-tree,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Loaisville 
&  Nashville,  and  St.  Louis,  Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroads. 
Capital,  Harrisburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,714 ;  in  1880, 15,940 ; 
in  1890,  19,342. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Saline  and  Solomon 
Rivers  and  by  Mulberry  and  Gypsum  Creeks.  The  Solo- 
mon River  unites  with  the  Smoky  Hill  River  on  the  E.  bor- 
der of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
fertile ;  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  quarries  of  gypsum  and  salt  springs.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital  Salina.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4246;  in  1880,  13,808;  in  1890,  17,442. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Black  River  and  the  Salt  Fork  of  the  La  Mine  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut,  ash,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  In  1870 
this  county  produced  2,006,043  bushels  of  Indian  corn,  and 
more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch 
of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  and  a  division  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad.  Capital,  Marshall.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,672;  in  1880,  29,911;  in  1890,  33,762. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Blue 
River  and  the  North  Fork  of  Turkey  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  potatoes,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  ia 
traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific,  Missouri  Pacific,  and  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroads.  Capital,  Wilber.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3106;  in  1880,  14,491 ;  in  1890,  20,097. 

Saline,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  111.     Pop.  1282. 

Saline,  a  post-office  of  Bienville  parish.  La. 

Saline,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  oo.,  Mich.,  is  oit 
the  E.  border  of  Saline  township,  and  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  ia  also  on 
the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Ypsilanti.     It  has  a  union  school,  4  churches,  2  or 

3  flouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  tannery.     Pop.  900;  of  the  township,  1802. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1836. 
Saline,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  about  11  milea 
S.  of  Leon,  Iowa. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1720. 
Saline,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1409. 
Saline,  a  township  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1634. 


SAL 


2368 


SAL 


Saline,  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.     P.  980. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1922. 

Saline  Bayou,  sa-leen'  bi'oo,  a  short  stream  which 
connects  Catahoula  Lake  with  Red  River,  in  Louisiana. 

Saline  Bayou,  Louisiana,  intersects  Bienville  parish, 
runs  southward,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Winn  parish, 
and  enters  the  Rigolets  de  Bon  Dieu  about  7  miles  B.  of 
Natchitoches. 

Saline  (sa-leen')  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  mine  of  block  coal  and  2  churches. 

Saline  Creek  or  Bayou,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Polk 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  Howard  co.,  and  enters  Little 
River  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Saline  Creek  or  River,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  its 
North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in  Gallatin  co.  It 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  10  miles  below 
Shawneetown.  The  North  Fork  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
runs  nearly  S.  The  South  Fork  drains  part  of  Williamson 
00.,  and  runs  £.  through  Saline  co. 

Saline  Creek,  or  Little  Saline,  of  Cooper  co..  Mo., 
runs  northward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missoari 
River  about  16  miles  below  Boonville. 

Saline  or  Salt  Creek,  Nebraska,  drains  a  large  part 
of  Lancaster  co.,  runs  northward  to  Lincoln,  and  thence 
northeastward.  It  passes  through  the  N.W.  part  of  Cass 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Platte  River  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ash- 
land. It  is  nearly  80  miles  long.  Lincoln,  the  capital  of 
Nebraska,  is  on  this  creek,  which  derives  its  name  from 
salt  springs  in  the  vicinity. 

Saline  Mills,  a  post-ofSce  of  Howard  oo.,  Ark. 

Saline  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co..  III.,  on 
the  Saline  River,  3  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Golconda.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Saline  River,  Arkansas,  rises  by  several  branches 
near  the  N.  border  of  Saline  co.,  and  runs  S.E.  and  S.  It 
intersects  Grant,  Dorsey,  and  Bradley  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Ouachita  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Bradley  oo.  It  is 
about  200  miles  long. 

Saline  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
state,  and  runs  eastward  through  extensive  fertile  prairies. 
It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Trego,  Ellis,  Russell,  and  Lincoln, 
and  enters  the  Smoky  Hill  River  in  Saline  co.,  about  7 
miles  E.  of  Salina.  The  direct  distance  from  its  source  to 
its  mouth  is  nearly  200  miles. 

Saline  River,  of  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  the  Raisin  River  in  Monroe  co. 

Salines,  s&Meen',  a  village  of  Cyprus,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Salines,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island,  3  miles  S.  of  Larnica, 
with  a  citadel,  bazaar,  and  salt-works. 

Salineville,  sa-leen'v!l,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  63  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Alliance.     It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  news- 

Eaper  office,  and  6  churches.  Coal-mining  is  the  principal 
usiness  of  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2369. 

Sa'ling,  a  township  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  991. 

Salini,  Mediterranean  Sea.    See  Salina. 

Salino,  s&-lee'no,  a  river  of  Italy,  after  an  E.  course 
of  32  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  5  miles  N.W.  of  Pescara. 

Salins,  siMiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura,  on  the 
Furieuse,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Besanjon.  Pop.  5577.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  defended  by  2  forts,  and  has  a  communal 
college,  extensive  salt-magazines,  iron-works,  soda-factories, 
and  tanneries.  The  brine-springs  of  its  vicinity  yield  large 
quantities  of  salt,  and  it  has  also  medicinal  springs,  which 
are  visited  by  many  invalids. 

Salis,  s&'Iis,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  small  lake 
near  the  centre  of  Livonia,  flows  oircuitously  W.,  and,  after 
a  course  of  100  miles,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Salisbury,  sawlz'b?r-e,  or  New  Sarum,  si'rum,  a 
city  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Avon, 
at  a  railway  junction,  21  miles  W.  of  Winchester,  and  96 
miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  Pop.  15,980.  It  stands  in  a 
fertile  plain,  and  is  drained  by  running  brooks,  which  flow 
down  most  of  its  streets.  In  its  centre  is  a  spacious  market- 
place, in  which  are  the  council-house,  the  public  library 
and  news-room,  and  the  butter-cross.  The  cathedral  is  a 
splendid  structure.  It  was  finished  in  1238,  wholly  in  the 
early  English  style,  and  is  in  the  form  of  a  double  cross  : 
length,  474  feet;  width  of  larger  transepts,  210  feet;  height 
of  spire,  404  feet.  Attached  to  it  are  spacious  cloisters,  a 
chapter-house,  library,  &c. ;  and  in  the  close  are  the  bishop's 
palace,  deanery-house,  and  residences  of  the  canons  and 
other  dignitaries.  Besides  3  parish  churches,  here  are  sev- 
eral chapels,  a  grammar-school,  county  jail,  a  fine  museum, 
theatre,  assembly-  and  concert-rooms,  and  a  county  infirm- 


ary. The  city  has  now  little  trade  except  in  agricaltura) 
produce  and  the  retail  supply  of  its  inhaoitants.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-e,  a  hamlet  of  Sacramento  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  and  on  the  Sacramento  Valley 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Sacramento. 

Salisbury,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
forms  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Housatonic  River.  Its  surface  is  diversified 
by  beautiful  lakes,  fertile  valleys,  and  cultivated  hills, 
which  present  very  attractive  scenery.  It  has  beds  of  ex- 
cellent hematite  iron  ore,  also  2  blast-furnaces,  an  iron- 
foundry,  2  woollen-mills,  a  machine-shop  of  the  Housatonio 
Railroad,  and  5  churches.  It  contains  villages  named  Salis- 
bury, Chapinville,  Lakeville,  Lime  Rock,  and  Ore  Hill,  and 
a  large  school  or  hospital  for  imbeciles,  in  which  about  60- 
pupils  are  educated.     Pop.  in  1890,  3420. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  oo.,  Conn.,  in 
Salisbury  township,  about  60  miles  by  the  Connecticut 
Western  Railroad,  or  42  miles  in  a  direct  line,  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  large  summer  boarding-house.     Pop.  338. 

Salisbury,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Del.     Pop.  97. 

Salisbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on  tht- 
Springfield  k  Northwestern  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wicomico  co.,. 
Md.,  is  situated  on  the  Wicomico  River,  and  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Wicomico  <fc  Poco- 
moke  Railroad,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Crisfield,  and  23  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  10  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,, 
an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  3  planing-mills,  <$;c.  Lumber, 
fruit,  and  grain  are  exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  2905. 

Salisbury,  or  Salisbury  Point,  a  post-village  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Salisbury  township,  near  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Merrimac  River,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Amesbury 
Ferry,  on  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  about  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Haverhill,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  contains 
a  newspaper  office,  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  » 
savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  several  manufactories  of 
carriages.  A  chain  suspension-bridge  over  the  river  con- 
nects Salisbury  with  Newburyport.  Salisbury  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S. 
by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  6  churches,  also  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods  and  hats,  8  boat-yards,  and  10 
carriage-factories.  It  was  first  settled  about  1636.  Pop. 
of  township,  4078.    See  Salisbury  Beach. 

Salisbury,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  is  at  East 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  whence  a  branch  railroad  extends  to  Ames- 
bury  and  Salisbury. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Chari- 
ton CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Glasgow  division,  21  mile* 
W.  of  Moberly,  and  18  miles  E.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  • 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  6  churches.  Pop.  in  1 890, 1672» 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Chariton  River.     P.  4310. 

Salisbury,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Mer 
rimack  co.,  N.H.,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord,  and  3i 
miles  W.N.W.  of  North  Boscawen  Station.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches  and  an  academy.  Daniel  Webster  was  born  here. 
Mount  Kearsarge  is  on  the  W.  border  of  this  township,  which 
is  drained  by  Black  River.     Pop.  of  township,  897. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls,  and  about  23 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  about  30  houses, 
and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  often  called  Salisbury  Corners.  The 
township  contains  Salisbury  Centre  and  a  pop.  of  1882. 

Salisbury,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.    See  Salisbury  Mills. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C., 
in  Salisbury  township,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North 
Carolina  where  it  crosses  the  Piedmont  Air-Line  Railroad, 
25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Statesville,  and  44  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Charlotte.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices^ 
a  banking-house,  8  churches,  2  iron-foundries,  and  several 
seminaries.     Pop.  in  1890,  4418. 

Salisbury,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  10,992. 

Salisbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Salisbury  township,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  The- 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and 
contains  other  post-villages,  named  Cambridge,  Gap,  and 
Buyerstown.  It  comprises  part  of  the  fertile  Pequea  Val- 
ley.    Pop. 3710. 

SalisDury,  a  township  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  2860. 

Salisbury,  a  borough  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Elk  Lick 
township,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Johnstown,  and  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  bank,  3  churohea. 


SAL 


2369 


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a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  stores,  Ac.  Pop. 
531.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Elk  Lick.  A  short 
railroad  connects  Salisbury  with  Meyersdale. 

Salisbury,  Tennessee.     See  Saulsburt. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Ad- 
dison CO.,  Vt.,  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rutland,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Salisbury  Station  of  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  spools,  bobbins,  boots,  and  shoes.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  eon- 
tains  the  beautiful  Lake  Dunmore,  at  which  is  a  large  hotel 
for  summer  boarders.  Pop.  of  the  township,  902.  Salis- 
bury Station  is  at  West  Salisbury. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  oc,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiae  River,  and  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  76  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Salisbury  Beach,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Salisbury  township,  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  2  large  hotels 
and  several  boarding-houses. 

Salisbury  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  5  miles  W.  of  North  Boscawen 
Station.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Salisbury  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Salisbury  township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Little 
Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a 
gang-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Salisbury  Cove,  a.  post-hamlet  in  Eden  township, 
Hancock  co.,  Me.,  on  the  shore  of  Mt.  Desert  Island,  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangor,  and  5  miles  from  Bar  Harbor. 

Salisbury  Island,  in  Hudson's  Strait,  Canada,  is  in 
lat.  63°  27'  N.,  Ion.  76°  40'  W, 

Salisbury  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Blooming  Grove 
township,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
New  York.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  paper-mill.  It  is  on  the  Newburg  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  at  Salisbury  Station,  9i  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
burg. Here  are  several  fine  boarding-houses  for  summer 
boarders.     Pop.  317. 

Salisbury  Plain,  England,  an  elevated  undulating 
tract  of  open  downs,  co.  of  Wilts,  extending  both  N.  and  S. 
of  the  city  of  Salisbury ;  but  the  term  is  now  generally  held 
to  apply  mainly  to  that  portion  between  Salisbury  and  De- 
vizes, from  which,  as  a  common  centre,  most  of  the  hill- 
ohains  of  South  and  Central  England  proceed.  Large  portions 
of  it  are  occupied  solely  as  sheep-walks.  On  it,  about  6 
miles  N.  of  Salisbury,  is  Stonehenge;  and  many  traces  of 
prehistoric  structures  are  scattered  over  its  surface. 

Salisbury  Point,  Massachusetts.    See  Salisbury. 

Sa'lix,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Sioux 
City. 

Salkehatchie,  sawl-k^-hatch'e,  a  post-office  of  Colleton 
00.,  S.C.,  on  the  Salkehatchie  River,  and  on  the  Savannah 
ii  Charleston  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Salkehatchie  River,  South  Carolina,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Barnwell  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Little 
Salkehatchie  on  the  N.E.  border  of  Hampton  co.  to  form 
the  Combahee  River. 

Sariaco'a,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  tia. 

Salladyburg,  sal'a-de-bilrg,  or  Saladasburg,  sal'- 
%-d%z-bfirg,  a  post-village  in  Mifflin  township,  Lycoming 
eo.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Salle,  sil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  S.W.  of 
Chieti.     Pop.  1725. 

Sallee,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Sale. 

Sallenches,  or  Sallanches,  s&ri6Nsh',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Arve,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Chamb6ry. 
Pop.  1925.  The  fall  of  the  Sallenche  is  a  fine  cascade,  in 
the  Valais,  10  miles  S.  of  Martigny-la-Ville. 

Salles-Curan,  sail-kii'r6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  15  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Millau.   P.  of  commune,  2581. 

Salles-la-Source,sill-li-800RS8',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Aveyron,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  2183. 

Sal'lis,  a  post-village  of  Attala  co..  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad  (Kosciusko  Branch), 
about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  an  academy,  2 
ehurches,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Sallisaw,  sal'e-saw,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, Indian  Territory. 

Salm  (Alt),  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Alt-Salm. 

Salmantica,  Spain.    See  Salamanca. 

Salmeron,  s&l-m&-r5n',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1294. 

Salmon  (sam'gn)  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washburn 


township,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  on  Aroostook  River,  52  miles 
N.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  starch-factory  and  a  saw-mill. 

Salmon  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lemhi  co., 
Idaho,  on  Salmon  Rivei>  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lemhi  Rive;, 
340  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Corinne,  Utah.  Gold  is  found  near 
this  place  in  placer-mines,  and  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
It  is  surrounded  by  mountains.    Pop.  in  about  400. 

Salmon  Creek,  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  Cayuga  Lake  near  Ludlowville. 

Salmon  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  Lake  On- 
tario at  Braddock's  Bay,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester. 

Salmon  Creek  Settlement.    See  Oakham. 

Salmon  Fall  River,  Idaho,  runs  nearly  northward, 
and  enters  the  Snake  River  in  Alturas  co.,  about  24  milea 
W.  of  Shoshone  Falls. 

Salmon  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  American  River,  about  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sacramento. 

Salmon  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Salmon  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Strafibrd  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Rollinsford  township,  on  the  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  on 
the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Ports- 
mouth, Great  Falls  A  Conway  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Dover,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Great  Falls.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  cotton-mills,  2  banks,  and  a  high  school. 

Salmon  Falls  River,  or  Salmon  River,  forms 
the  boundary  between  York  co.,  Me.,  and  StraflFord  co.,  N.H. 
It  runs  nearly  southward,  and  unites  with  the  Cocheco 
about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dover  to  form  the  Piscataqua  River. 
The  falls  of  this  stream  afford  abundant  water-power. 

Salmonier,  sal-mo-neer',  a  post-town  at  the  head  of 
St.  Mary's  Bay,  Newfoundland,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  49  miles  S.W.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  346. 

Salmon  River,  a  small  stream  of  California,  flows 
N.W.,  and  enters  Klamath  River  5  miles  above  Orleans  Bar. 

Salmon  River,  Connecticut,  rises  in  Tolland  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  3  or  4  miles  below  Haddam. 

Salmon  River,  Idaho,  rises  by  several  branches  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Salmon  River  Mountains.  It 
drains  Lemhi  co.,  and  runs  westward  through  Idaho  co. 
Its  general  direction  is  nearly  northwestward.  It  traverses 
a  hilly  or  mountainous  country  in  which  gold  is  found,  and 
enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  40  miles  S.  of  Lew- 
iston.     It  is  nearly  450  miles  long. 

Salmon  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  flows 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence  River  in  the 
province  of  Quebec.     Malone  is  on  this  stream. 

Salmon  River,  New  York,  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  Lewis  co.,  runs  W.  through  Oswego  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Ontario  4  or  5  miles  W.  of  Pulaski,  which  is  on  this  river. 

Salmon  River,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Au  Sable  to  Plattsburg,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Plattsburg. 

Salmon  River,  or  Pineville,  a  post-village  in  Al- 
bion township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  near 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  about  28 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Salmon  River. 

Salmon  River,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  entrance  of  Salmon  River  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  31  miles  from  Penobsquis.     Pop.  250. 

Salmon  River,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New 
Brunswick,  41  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Salmon  River,  a  post- village  in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  19  miles  from  Sydney.     Pop.  1 00. 

Salmon  River,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  86  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Salmiinster,  or  Saalmiinster,  sil'miin^st^r,  a  walled 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Salza  and  Kinzig,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Fulda.     Pop.  1286. 

Salo,  si-lo',  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  sirfe  of  Lago  di 
Garda,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brescia.  Pop.  4962.  It  stands 
at  the  foot  of  Monte  San  Bartolomeo,  is  chiefly  built  on 
piles,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  8  other  churches. 

Salobrefla,  s4-lo-br5n'yi,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Granada,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Motril  in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1371. 

Salodurum,  or  Salordurum.    See  Solrube. 

Salo'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  14  milei 
S.S.W,  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  73. 

Salomon  Islands.    See  Solomon  Islands. 

Salon,  s4MdN»'  (anc.  Sa'lo,  or  Salo'numf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Pop.  4681.  It  has  several  squares  with  fountains, 
a  handsome  town  hall,  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  hats,  and 
soap,  and  a  brisk  general  trade. 


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2370 


SAL 


Salona^  s&-lo'n&,  a  ruined  city  of  Dalmatia,  3  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Spalato,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Salona,  an 
inlet  of  the  Adriatic. 

Salona^  si-Io'nfl,  (ano.  Amphif'aa),  a  town  of  Greece, 
84  miles  W.N.W.  of  Athens,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Corinthian 
Gulf,  and  at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount  Parnassus.  Pop.  6234. 
On  its  acropolis  are  ruins  of  an  ancient  citadel. 

Salo'na,  a  post-village  in  Lamar  township,  Clinton  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  2  miles  from  Mill  Hall  Station,  and 
4  or  5  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  ha£  3  churches,  4  stores, 
a  graded  school,  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  about  450. 

Salonica,  s&-1o-nee'k&,  or  Saloniki,  s&-lo-nee'kee 
(Fr.  Salonique,  siMo^neek';  anc.  Theeaaloni'ca,  or  Ther'- 
ma),  a  seaport  city  in  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  capi- 
tal of  a  sanjak,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of  Salo- 
nica,  and  from  which  a  railway  extends  225  miles  to  the 
N.W.  Lat.  40°  38'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  22°  57'  22'  E.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  80,000,  of  whom  from  25,000  to  30,000  are  Jews, 
5000  Turks,  and  the  remainder  Greeks  and  Franks.  It  has 
externally  an  imposing  appearance,  standing  on  a  hill-slope, 
enclosed  by  walls  5  miles  in  circuit,  its  numerous  minarets 
and  domes  interspersed  with  gardens  of  cypress.  The  city 
is  commanded  by  a  large  citadel  termed  the  "  Seven  Towers." 
It  has  numerous  antiquities,  in  good  preservation.  The 
lower  portions  of  its  walls  are  cyclopean,  and  one  of  its 
gates  was  built  in  honor  of  Augustus  after  the  battle  of 
Philippi.  Within  the  citadel  is  another  triumphal  arch, 
erected  under  Marcus  Aurelius.  Several  of  the  mosques 
have  been  originally  pagan  temples;  one  has  been  con- 
structed on  the  model  of  the  Pantheon  at  Rome ;  another, 
with  portions  wholly  uninsured,  was  formerly  a  temple  of 
Venus.  In  the  centre  of  the  city  is  the  hippodrome,  a  noble 
area,  entered  by  a  magnificent  colonnade  of  5  Corinthian 
pillars.  The  mosque  of  St.  Sophia  is  a  handsome  model  of 
that  at  Constantinople.  The  bazaars  are  extensive  and 
well  supplied,  and  the  city  has  some  flourishing  silk-draw- 
ing factories.  It  is  the  seat  of  extensive  trade,  facilitated 
by  quays  of  stone.  The  exports  consist  of  wheat,  barley, 
maize,  timber,  wool,  sponges,  raw  silk,  wine,  sesamum  seed, 
tobacco,  and  staves.  This  city  was  the  residence  of  Cicero 
during  a  part  of  his  exile ;  it  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  a 
Roman  colony  by  Valerian.     See  Gulp  of  Sa.lonica. 

Salonumy  supposed  ancient  name  of  Salon. 

Sa'lop)  or  Shropshire^  shrop'shir,  an  inland  county 
of  England,  bounded  W.  and  N.  by  Wales.  Area,  1314 
square  miles.  Pop.  236,324.  The  Severn  flows  through  its 
centre  from  N.W.  to  S.E. ;  its  S.  half  is  mountainous,  and 
here  breeding  cattle  and  dairying  are  carried  on  extensively. 
The  N.  half  is  comparatively  level,  and  the  land  is  chiefly 
under  tillage.  Near  the  Severn  are  fine  meadow-lands; 
orchards  are  numerous  in  the  S.,  and  hops  are  raised  on 
the  Herefordshire  border.  About  300,000  tons  of  coal  are 
raised  annually  in  the  E.,  besides  iron,  <fco.,  and  consumed 
in  the  iron-furnaces  there.  Lead  is  produced  in  the  W., 
and  salt  both  in  the  N.  and  S.  The  county  is  traversed  by 
many  railway  lines  and  canals.  Shropshire  returns  ten 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  of  whom  four  are  sent 
by  the  county.     Capital,  Shrewsbury, 

Salor*  S&-I0R',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  flows 
into  the  Tagus  6  miles  N.  of  Salorino.     Length,  80  miles. 

SalorinOf  s&-lo-ree'no,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
51  miles  W.  of  Caceres,  near  the  Salor.     Pop.  1958. 

Salorno.  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol.     See  Salurn. 

Saloa,  si-loo',  a  small  seaport  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  and  8i  miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona. 

Salpe*  or  SalsOy  Italy.     See  Lake  of  Lbsika. 

Salpee^  sil'pee,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Sattarah. 

Salpi,  s&l'pee,  a  lake  of  Italy,  province  and  22  miles  E. 
of  Foggia,  and  only  separated  from  the  Adriatic  by  a  very 
narrow  tongue  of  land.  Length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  10 
miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Sal  Rey,  Cape  Verd  Islands.    See  Porto  Sal  Rkt. 

Salsbury's,  sawlz'b^r-riz,  a  station  on  the  Sacramento 
<fc  Placerville  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Salsette,  sal^sett'  (Port.  pron.  sil-sfit'ti),  an  island  of 
British  India,  immediately  N.  of  Bombay  Island,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  narrow  causeway.  Length, 
18  miles;  breadth,  13  miles.  Pop.  over  50,000.  Chief 
town,  Tanna.    A  part  of  the  island  belongs  to  Portugal. 

Salso,  sil'so,  or  Fiume  Sal  so,  fe-oo'mi  sil'so,  i.e., 
"salt  river"  (anc.  Hime'ra),  the  largest  river  of  Sicily, 
rising  in  the  Madonian  Mountains,  intendency  of  Palermo, 
flowing  S.,  and  entering  the  Mediterranean  at  Alicata. 
Length,  70  miles.  Near  Castrogiovanni  it  receives  the 
waters  of  a  salt  spring,  whence  its  name. 


Sal  So'da«  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  about  42 
miles  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Salso  Maggiore,  s&l'so  m&d-jo'r&,  a  village  of  Italy, 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  5882. 

Salta,  s&l't&,  the  northernmost  province  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  extending  N.  of  lat.  26°  S.,  and  between 
Ion.  62°  and  68°  W.  Area,  32,515  square  miles.  Pop. 
88,933.  The  surface  is  very  much  diversified,  consisting 
alternately  of  ramifications  of  the  Andes,  fertile  valleys, 
and  wooded  or  pasture  lands.  Principal  rivers,  the  Salado 
and  Upper  Vermejo. 

Salta,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  province,  situated  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Salado,  180  miles  N.  of  Tucuman.  Lat 
24°  15'  S.;  Ion,  64°  50'  W,  Pop.  11,716.  It  is  a  bishop'" 
see,  and  has  numerous  religious  edifices  and  a  college. 

Salt  (s&lt)  Air,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co,,  0. 

Saltaire,  s&It'air,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  3 
miles  by  rail  from  Bradford.     It  was  built  by  Sir  Titus 
Salt,  and  stands  on  the  river  Aire.     It  has  extensive  manu  - 
factures  of  alpacas  and  worsted,  with  a  fine  park  and  com 
modious  public  buildings. 

Salt'ash,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the 
Tamar,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Devonport.     Pop.  2293. 

Salt  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pender  co,,  N.C.,  on  Black 
River,  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington.    It  has  a  church. 

Salt'burn,  or  Saltbnrn-by-Sea,  a  town  and  sea- 
bathing place  of  England,  co.  of  York,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Hartlepool. 

Salt  City,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  00.,  Kansas,  in 
Walton  township,  50  miles  S.  of  Wichita.  It  ha£  a  church, 
and  a  large  saline  spring  from  which  salt  is  procured. 

Salt'coats,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on 
the  Bay  of  Ayr,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Glasgow,  Pop. 
4624.  It  has  a  neat  Gothic  church,  a  town  house,  a  library, 
reading-rooms,  docks,  and  rope-walks.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  in  weaving  and  sewing  muslins,  shawls, 
and  silks.     It  has  also  salt-works. 

Salt  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  westward  through  De  Witt 
and  Logan  cos,,  and  enters  the  Sangamon  River  on  the  N, 
border  of  Menard  co,,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Petersburg.  It 
is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Salt  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Brown  co.,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Monroe  co,,  and  enters  the  East  Fork  of 
White  River  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford,  It  is  nearly 
90  miles  long. 

Salt  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and 
enters  the  Iowa  River  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  Tama  co. 

Salt  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Rooks  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  Saline  River  in  Russell  co. 

Salt  Creek,  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Maple 
River. 

Salt  Creek,  Nebraska.    See  Saline  Creek. 

Salt  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Hocking  and  Vinton 
COS.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in 
Ross  CO.,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Salt  Creek,  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  enters  the  Mus 
kingum  River  from  the  N.  about  10  miles  below  Zanesville. 

Salt  Creek,  a  station  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Addison  township,  Du 
Page  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.     Pop.  1102. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  P.  1687. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1223. 

Salt  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
&,  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Bedford,  Ind. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Jackson  co,,  Ind,     P,  1963. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Monroe  co,,  Ind,  Pop.  636. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  about 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Michigan  City. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  947. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1062, 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co,,  Kansas. 
Pop,  479,     It  contains  Farmersburg. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Mitchell  co„  Kansas.    Pop.  278. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,    Pop.  300 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas 
Pop.  201. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Hocking  co,,  0,    Pop,  1179. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Holmes  co,,  0.    Pop,  1259, 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Muskingum  co,,  0,    Pop,  1131 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.    Pop.  1760 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.     Pop.  1593. 

Salt  Creek,  Texas.     See  Red  River  Station 


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2371 


SAL 


Salt  Creek,  a  village  of  Utah.    See  Nephi. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Sal'tee  Isianas,  two  small  islands  off  the  coast  of 
Ireland,  S.  of  the  co,  of  Wexford ;  the  larger  of  the  islands 
lies  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Carasore  Point. 

Saltens-Elf,  sil't^na-Sir,  a  river  of  Norway,  district 
of  Nordland,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  70  miles  enters  the 
Arctic  Ocean  by  a  wide  fiord  in  lat.  67°  12'  N. 

Salter's  (salt'^rz)  Depot,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Williams- 
burg CO.,  S.C.,  and  a  station  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad, 
68  miles  N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  4  stores. 

Saltersville,  silt'^rz-vll,  a  post- village  of  Hudson  oo., 
N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  at  Pamrapo  Station.  It  now 
forms  a  ward  of  the  city  of  Batonne  (which  see). 

Salt  Fork,  Missouri.    See  Black  River. 

Saltholm,  s&lt'holm,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Sound,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Copenhagen  and  W.N.W.  of  Mal- 
mS,  in  Sweden.     Length,  5  miles. 

Saltil'lo,  a  hamlet  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Lawrenceburg.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Bright  Post- 
Office. 

.  Saltillo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Lafayette. 

Saltillo,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  S.  of  Corinth.  It  has  8  churches. 
Pop.  148. 

Saltillo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Greek,  and  on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  8^  miles 
8.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Saltillo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  about  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Canton. 

Saltillo,  a  village  of  Clayton  township.  Perry  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Roseville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  83. 

Saltillo,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Mount  Union.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  a  hotel,  a  public  hall,  a  steam  tannery, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saltillo,  a  post- village  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saltillo,  a  post-oflSce  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex. 

Saltillo  (Sp.  pron.  sil-teel'yo),  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  110  miles  S.  of  Cohahuila,  on  the  river  Tigre.  P.  26,000. 

Saltil'loville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fe  Chicago  Railroad,  at  Sal- 
tillo Station,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Salt  Island,  one  of  the  British  West  India  Islands,  in 
the  Virgin  group,  S.E.  of  Tortola. 

Salt  Island,  an  island  in  the  district  of  Twillingate 
and  Fogo,  Newfoundland. 

Salt  Key  Bank,  about  90  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Florida, 
between  the  Grand  Bank  of  Bahama  and  Cuba  Island,  is 
62  miles  long  and  36  miles  wide  at  its  greatest  breadth. 
Its  W.  border  is  a  chain  of  barren  rocks,  called  the  Double- 
Headed  Shot  Key,  the  northwesternmost  of  which,  com- 
monly called  the  Elbow  Key,  contains  a  fixed  light.  Lat. 
23°  56'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  80°  27'  35"  W. 

Salt  Keys,  some  islets  in  the  Bahamas,  and  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Cuba. 

Salt  Lake,  New  York.    See  Onondaga. 

Salt  Lake,  Utah.    See  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Salt  Lake,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  has  an 
area  of  about  784  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  intersected  by  Jordan  River.  The 
surface  is  mostly  an  extensive  valley  or  table-land,  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Wahsatoh  Mountains,  which  here 
rise  nearly  12,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea  and  pre- 
sent sublime  scenery.  The  soil  is  fertile  if  it  is  irrigated. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  barley,  wool,  lumber,  and  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  Gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper  are  the 
principal  minerals  of  this  county,  and  it  has  quarries  of 
granite  and  limestone.  This  is  the  most  populous  county 
of  Utah.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Utah  Central,  Union 
Pacific,  Salt  Lake  <k  Fort  Douglas,  and  Rio  Grande  &  West- 
ern Railroads.  Capital,  Salt  Lake  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,.3.37;  in  1880,  31,977;  in  1890,  68>457. 

Salt  Lake  City,  capital  of  Utah  and  of  Salt  Lake  co., 
is  situated  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Jordan  River,  which 
connects  Great  Salt  Lake  with  Utah  Lake,  about  12  miles 
S.E.  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  4200  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  was  laid  out  in  1847,  in  the  midst  of  an 
unbroken' wilderness,  by  a  company  of  143  Mormons,  under 
the  leadership  of  Brigham  Young,  and  has  since  been  the 
head- quarters  of  the  Mormon  organization.  It  has  wide, 
straight  streets,  many  of  which  are  irrigated  with  running 
streams  of  water.     Its  chief  public  edifices  are  a  magnifi- 


cent city  and  county  building,  2  large  Mormon  religions 
edifices  (the  grand  Temple,  erected  1853-1893  at  a  cost  of 
$5,000,000,  and  the  Tabernacle),  Catholic,  Congregational, 
Episcopal,  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Christian,  He- 
brew, Lutheran,  Adventist's,  Scientist's,  and  Unitarian 
churches,  3  hospitals,  the  University  of  Utah,  graded  pub- 
lic schools  with  fine  buildings,  3  public  libraries,  and  15 
banks,  6  of  which  are  national.  Three  daily  newspapers 
are  published  here.  This  city  is  the  terminus  of  5  rail- 
roads,— the  Union  Pacific,  the  Rio  Grande  Western,  the 
Utah  &  Nevada,  the  Utah  Central,  and  the  Great  Salt  Lako 
&  Hot  Springs.  The  valley  in  which  it  is  situated  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  which  are 
covered  with  perpetual  snow.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,854;  in 
1880,  20,768;  in  1890,  44,843. 

Salt  Lick  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W. 
Va.,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Salto,  sil'to,  an  important  town  of  Uruguay,  on  th« 
Uruguay,  60  mile?  N.  of  Paysandd.     Pop.  10,000. 

Salto  Grande,  sil'to  grin'di,  a  lofty  cascade  of  Bra- 
zil, state  of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  Cordillera  dos  AimoreA, 
where  the  Jequitinhonha,  bursting  between  two  rocks,  boils 
in  caldrons  and  precipitates  itself  into  an  abyss  with  a 
noise  which  is  heard  at  the  distance  of  10  miles. 

Sal'ton,  a  station  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3 
miles  E.  of  Charleston. 

Saltpetre,  silt-pe't^r,  post-oflBce,  Washington  co.,  0. 

Saltpetre  Cave,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  9  miles  above  Buchanan.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Salt  Point,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.     P.  1088. 

Salt  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Wappinger's  Creek  and  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  IlaiN 
road,  lOi  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Salt  Pond,  a  township  of  Saline  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2895. 
It  contains  Brownsville. 

Salt  Range,  an  extensive  mountain-group  of  the  Pun- 
jab, extending  S.E.  from  the  Khyber  or  Teera  Range,  on 
the  N.E.  confines  of  Afghanistan,  to  the  Jhylum,  a  distance 
of  nearly  200  miles.  Most  of  the  torrents  of  the  Salt  Range 
carry  down  gold  dust  in  their  sands. 

Salt  River,  Kentucky,  is  formed  of  three  branches, 
called  the  Rolling  Fork,  East  Fork,  and  Beech  River.  The 
first  and  third  of  these  unite  on  the  line  between  Hardin 
and  Nelson  cos.,  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Elizabethtown. 
(See  Rolling  Fork.)  The  East  Fork,  or  Salt  River  proper, 
rises  in  Boyle  co.,  and  runs  northward  through  Mercer  co. 
It  finally  runs  westward  through  Spencer  and  Bullitt  cos., 
and  unites  with  the  Salt  River,  or  Rolling  Fork,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Shepherdsville.  The  main  river  enters  the  Ohio 
River  at  West  Point,  about  10  miles  from  the  junction  of 
the  East  Fork  and  Rolling  Fork. 

Salt  River,  Missouri,  is  formed  by  its  North,  Middle, 
and  South  Forks,  the  first  of  which  is  the  main  river  or 
branch.  This  rises  in  Schuyler  co.,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction  to  Monroe  co.  It  next  runs  eastward  through 
Ralls  CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  in  Pike  co., 
about  2  miles  above  Louisiana.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
long.  The  Middle  Fork  rises  in  Macon  co.,  runs  southward 
into  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  Salt  River  at  Florida.  The 
South  Fork  runs  northward  through  Audrain  oo.,  and  joins 
the  Middle  Fork  about  3  miles  S.W.  of  Florida. 

Salt  River,  a  post-village  in  Coe  township,  Isabella 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1164 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.     P.  6602. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Knox  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  2120. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Pike  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  379. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Ralls  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  1337. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo..  Mo.    P.  782. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.    P.  1115. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo..  Mo.     P.  1986. 

Salt  Rock,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.    Pop.  351. 

Salts'burg,  a  village  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  in  North 
Versailles  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E, 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  500. 

Saltsburg,  a  post-borough  in  Conemaugh  township, 
Indiana  co..  Pa.,  at  the  union  of  the  Conemaugh  River  and 
Loyalhanna  Creek  (which  form  the  Kiskiminetas  River), 
and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  60  miles  by 
rail  or  28  miles  by  direct  line  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  and  the  Memorial 
Institute.    Pop.  in  1890,  1088. 


SAL 


2372 


SAL 


Salt  Sea,  Palestine.    See  Dead  Sea. 
Salt  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Gfa.,  17 
niles  "W.  of  Atlanta.     Here  are  2  churches. 

Salt  Springs,  a  township  of  Greenwood  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  995.     It  contains  Charleston. 

Salt  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Saline  CO.,  Mo.,  13  miles 
from  Brownsville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop, 
Rnd  several  saline  springs. 

Salt  Springs,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  16  miles  from  Sussex.  There  are  copious  salt 
springs  here,  from  which  salt  is  made.     Pop.  150. 

Salt  Springs,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Mount  Thom. 

Saltsprings  Island.    See  Aduiral  Island. 

Salt  Spring  Valley,  post-office,  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

Salt  Spring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  N.  of  Cherry  Valley.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Salt  Snl'phnr  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Lewis- 
burg.  It  is  surrounded  by  attractive  mountain -scenery, 
and  has  medicinal  springs  which  contain  salts  of  magnesia, 
soda,  and  lime.     It  has  a  church  and  a  girls'  seminary. 

Salt  Trace,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  oo.,  Ky. 

Salt'ville,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Salina.     Here  is  a  great  salt  spring. 

Salt'ville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  1 
mile  from  the  North  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  and  about 
17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Abingdon.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
has  2  churches  and  a  free  academy,  also  manufactures  of 
salt  and  plaster.  Here  are  mines  of  rock  salt  which  is  as- 
sociated with  gypsum. ' 

Saltwedel,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Salzwedel. 

Salt  Well,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky. 

Salt  Wells,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
28  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Saltzbnrg,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  Salzburo. 

Salu'bria,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Salu'brity,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Pickens  co., 
S.C,  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Greenville.     Pop.  1367. 

Saluces,  the  French  name  of  Saluzzo. 

Salu'da,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Saluda,  a  station  in  Knox  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Galesburg. 

Saluda,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River.     Pop.  1682. 

Saluda,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Spartanburg  &  Asheville  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Saluda,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1761. 

Saluda,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  792. 

Saluda,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va., 
near  the  Rappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Saluda  Old  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Saluda  River,  and  on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  4  stores 
and  a  hotel. 

Saluda  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge, 
near  the  N.  border  of  Pickens  co.  It  runs  first  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  An- 
derson, Abbeville,  and  Edgefield  on  the  right,  and  Green- 
ville, Laurens,  and  Newberry  on  the  left.  Its  general  di- 
rection is  southeastward,  and  it  unites  with  the  Broad 
River  to  form  the  Congaree  River  at  Columbia.  It  is  about 
200  miles  long. 

Saluen,  British  Burmah.     See  Salwin. 

Saluggia,  si-lood'ji,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Vercelli.     Pop.  3960. 

Salunga,  sa-lung'ga,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lan- 
saster  City.     It  has  2  general  stores  and  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

SaUur',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  about  55  miles  N. 
of  Vizagapatam.     Pop.  10,633. 

Salu'ria,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Tex.,  on  Mata- 
gorda Island,  very  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  about  120 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Galveston. 

Salurn,  bI-Iooru',  or  Salorno,  s&-loR'no,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Tyrol,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Botzen.     Pop.  1778. 

Salu'via,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa. 

Saluzzo,  si-loot'so  (Fr.  Saluces,  si'liiss'),  a  city  of 
North  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  on  a  railway,  and  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Po,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Coni.  Pop.  9796.  It 
consists ,of  an  upper  town,  on  a  height  crowned  by  a  magnifi- 
cent castle,  now  used  as  a  prison,  and  a  lower  town,  with  a 
handsome  cathedral.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  leather, 
hats,  and  hardwares. 


Saluzzola,8i-loot'so-ia,  a  town  of  Italy,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Turin,  on  the  Elvo.     Pop.  2139. 

Salvador,  San,  America.    See  San  Salvador. 

Salvage  (s&l'vaj)  Island,  one  of  the  Falkland  group, 
in  South  America,  is  in  lat.  51°  1'  S.,  Ion.  61°  6'  W. 

Salvages,  s&I-v&'hSs,  a  group  of  rocky  islands  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  between  the  Canary  and  Madeira  Islands, 
about  lat.  30°  N.,  Ion.  16°  W.  The  Great  Piton  or  Great 
Salvage  yields  orchil. 

Salvaleon,  sil-vi-li-Sn'  (anc.  Interamni  ?),  a  town  of 
Spain,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2876. 

Salvaterra  de  Magos,  sil-vi-tfiR'ni  di  m&'goce,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura,  near  the  left 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2460. 

Salvaterra  do  Extremo,  sil-vi-tfiR'ni  do  8x-tri'mo, 
a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  on  the  Spanish 
frontier,  28  miles  E.  of  Castello  Branco.     Pop.  1187. 

Salvatierra,  sil-vi-te-jR'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura, province  and  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Caceres,  on  a 
mountain-slope  near  the  Tanuja.     Pop.  1152. 

Salvatierra  de  los  Barros,  sal-v3,-te-SR'R&  Ak  loce 
baR'Roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Badajos.     Pop.  2876. 

Salve,  sil'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  S.E. 
of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  2369. 

Salvetat,  La,  France.     See  La  Salvetat. 

Salviac,  s4rve-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Gourdon.     Pop.  1055. 

Salvi'sa,  a  post- village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles  S. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  153. 

Salwin,  siPwin',  SaPween',  Sal'wen',  or  Saluen, 
s&rwfin',  called  also  Thanlweng,thin-lw4ng',  or  Than- 
lyeng,  a  large  river  of  British  Burmah,  rises  near  the 
border  of  Thibet,  flows  S.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Marta- 
ban  by  a  broad  mouth,  on  opposite  sides  of  which  are  tha 
towns  of  Martaban  and  Maulmain.  It  is  a  noble  stream, 
flowing  through  a  richly-wooded  country,  and  navigable  to 
a  considerable  distance  from  the  sea. 

Salwin,  SalAVen,  or  Sahveen,  a  district  in  the  N. 
part  of  Tenasserim,  British  Burmah.  Area,  4646  square 
miles.     Pop.  26,117. 

Salyersville,  8S.l'y9rz-vIl,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Magoffin  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Licking  River,  about  90  miles  B. 
by  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  106. 

Salympria,  a  river  of  Thessaly.     See  Salembria. 

Salzach,  s&lt's&K,  or  Salza,  s&It'si,  a  river  of  Aus- 
tria, rises  in  the  Alps,  18  miles  W.  of  the  Gross  Glockner, 
flows  E.  and  N.,  and  joins  the  Inn  6  miles  N.E.  of  Barg< 
hausen.     Length,  130  miles. 

Salzbrnnn,  s&lts'broon.  New,  Lower,  and  Uppbr,  3 
contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Silesia,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Breslau,     United  pop.  6639.  _j 

Salzburg,  or    Saltzburg,    s&lts'burg    (Ger.    proi 
s&lts'bdSRG;  anc.  Juva'vum,  or  e/uva'cia),  a  city  of  Austri 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Salzburg,  on  the  Salzach,  156  mil< 
W.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Lat.  47°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  1'  E.     ' 
stands  in  a  narrow  defile,  half  encircled  by  the  Noric  Al{ 
through  an  opening  in  which  the  Salzach  passes  out  to  joii 
the  Inn.     The  town  is  divided  by  the  Salzach  into  two  un- 
equal parts,  the  greater  of  which  is  on  the  left  bank,  wher 
it  is  overtopped  by  a  lofty  height,  crowned  by  a  magnificen 
old  castle.     The  superabundance  of  marble  employed  in  the 
construction  of  the  houses  has  a  striking  effect,  but  the  olde* 
streets  are  narrow,  crooked,  and  gloomy.     It  has  two  fini 
squares,  adorned  respectively  with  a  beautiful  statue  ofl 
white  marble,  45  feet  high,  and  a  noble  bronze  statue  ofjj 
the  Virgin,  by  Hagenau.     Between  the  two  squares  stanJ 
the  cathedral,  a  heavy  Italian  structure,  410  feet  long  bj 
250  feet  broad,  and  adjoining  it  is  the  archbishop's  palace) 
an  extensive  edifice,  now  partly  used  as  public  offices.     li 
the  same  neighborhood  is  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Peter^ 
with  a  monument  to  Haydn,  and  a  cemetery  remarkable  fo  " 
the  number  of  curious  ancient  tombs  which   it  contains 
The  castle,  long  since  dismantled,  was  once  the  residence  of  J 
the  archbishops,  who  were  princes  of  the  German  Empir«l 
and  had  temporal  sovereignty.     The  town  is  on  one  of  the 
railway  lines  from  Vienna  to  Munich. 

The  manufactures  of  the  town  consist  chiefly  of  leather>j 
ironware,  cotton  goods,  and  majolica.  Salzburg  is  the  se 
of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  superior  courts  and  office8;-j 
and  possesses  a  lyceum,  with  an  extensive  and  valuabW 
library,  a  gymnasium,  several  industrial  and  other  schools,; 
a  physical  and  zoological  museum,  botanical  garden,  deat4 
and  dumb  institution,  lunatic  asylum,  large  house  of  cor-r 
reetion,  theatre,  and  several  hospitals.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
antiquity.  The  Roman  town  was  destroyed  by  Attila  ir 
448,  and  was  rebuilt  by  the  dukes  of  Bavaria.  A  sucoesDic 


SAL 


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SAM 


bu 

i 


of  archbishops  continued  to  govern  it  till  1802,  when  it  waa 
secularized  and  passed  to  Austria  in  1814.    P.  (1890)  27,741. 

Salzburg)  a  crown-land  and  duchy  of  Austria  (Cislei- 
thania).  Area,  2767  square  miles.  It  is  a  rugged,  moun- 
tainous country,  intersected  by  numerous  valleys,  of  which 
that  of  the  Salzach  is  the  principal.  The  minerals  are  very 
valuable,  and  include  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  cobalt,  iron, 
Bait,  and  marble.     Pop.  in  1890,  173,510. 

Salzburg  (Fr.  Chdteau-Salina,  shftHC'-si'liw')*  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Nancy.  P.  2149. 

Salzburg,  sawlz'burg,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
West  Bay  City,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Saginaw. 

Salzderhelden,  silts'd^r-hird^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Eimbeck.     P.  1100. 

Salzdettfurth,  silt8'd§tt-f6SRt\  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  Lamme. 
Pop.  1113. 

Saize,  Gross,  grooe  silt'si,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  xMagdeburg.     Pop.  2932. 

Salzgitter,  s4lts'ghit-t§r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1848. 

Salzgrub,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Kolos. 

Salzkammergut,  silts-kim'm^r-goot,  a  district  of 
Upper  Austria  and  Styria.  Area,  336  square  miles.  Pop. 
17,500.  The  soil  is  unprofitable,  but  valuable  salt-mines 
are  wrought  here  on  account  of  the  government.  Capital, 
Gmunden. 

Salzkotten,  silts'kotH^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2067. 

Salzuflen,  s41t'soo-fl§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lippe- 
Detmold,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Detmold.     Pop.  2474. 

Salzungen,  s^lt'sddng-^n,  a  town  of  Saxe-Meiningen, 
on  the  Werra,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  3724. 
It  has  salt-works,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  linens, 
and  leather. 

Salzwedel,  s&lts'MM^l,  or  Saltwedel,  s&lt'w&'d^l, 
a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Magde- 
burg, on  the  Jetze,  in  lat.  62°  51'  N.,  Ion.  11°  17'  E.  Pop. 
.8344.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen, 
itton,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Samadang,  s&-m&-d&ng',  a  town  of  Java,  125  miles 
.E.  of  Batavia. 

Samadura,  an  island  of  India.    See  Sivaka. 

Samaeil,  s&-m&-4l',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Oman,  45 
miles  W.  of  Muscat. 

Samaipata,  s&-mi-p&'t4,  a  small  town  of  Bolivia,  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Samakov,  s&-m&-kov',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sophia.  Pop.  7000.  It  is  enclosed  by  substantial 
walls,  and  has  iron-works, 

Samalood,  Samalond,  s&-m&-lood',  or  Same- 
lood,  si-m§h-lood',  a  town  of  Egypt,  province  of  Beni- 
Sooef,  on  the  Nile,  15  miles  N.  of  Minieh. 

Samambaia,  s&-m&m-bi'&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  district  of  Cantagallo. 

Samana,  si-mi-ni',  a  peninsula  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Hayti,  republic  of  Santo  Domingo,  stretching 
from  W.  to  E.  32  miles.  It  is  11  miles  across  at  its  greatest 
breadth,  and  is  terminated  at  its  E.  end  by  Cape  Samana. 
Lat.  19°  18'  N.;  Ion.  69°  8'  W.  There  formerly  existed  a 
water  communication  across  its  west  end,  separating  it  from 
the  island  of  Hayti,  so  that  what  is  now  a  peninsula  was 
once  an  island.  Its  soil  is  extremely  fertile;  to  a  great 
extent  it  is  covered  with  timber,  suited  both  for  ship-build- 
ing and  cabinet-work.  It  contains  copper,  gold,  and  bitu- 
minous coal. 

Samana,  a  name  of  Atwood's  Key,  Bahamas. 

Samana,  or  Santa  Barbara  de  Samaua,  8&n't& 
foar'b4-r&  di,  s&-m3,-n4',  a  town  of  Santo  Pomingo,  on  the 
N.  side  of  Samana  Bay,  15  miles  N.  of  Savana  la  Mar.  It 
exports  tobacco,  cacao,  wax,  honey,  hides,  and  mahogany. 
Pop.  1000. 

Samana  Bay,  Santo  Domingo,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
peninsula  of  Samana,  is  about  43  miles  in  length  from  E.  to 
W.,  by  about  8  miles  broad,  and  at  its  W.  end  receives  the 
Yuma,  the  largest  river  in  the  Dominican  Republic.  It 
forms  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world,  and  may  be 
regarded  as  a  most  important  maritime  position  in  reference 
to  the  trade  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  inter-oceanio 
routes  across  Central  America,  both  in  a  oommeroial  and 
a  military  point  of  view. 

Samanco,  s4-m&n'ko,  a  bay  on  the  coast  of  Peru,  be- 
tween the  bays  of  Casma  and  Ferrol,  in  lat.  9°  15'  30"  S., 
Ion.  78°  32'  45"  W.  It  extends  about  6  miles  from  N.W. 
to  S.E.,  with  a  width  of  3  miles,  and  is  the  most  extensive 
harbor  on  the  Peruvian  coast  N.  of  Callao. 


Saman'tha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  4  milei 
S.  of  Lexington  Station,  and  about  36  miles  W.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Samanud,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Sbhehood. 

Samar,  si-maR',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
forming  a  province  of  the  Philippines.  It  is  washed  on  the 
E.  by  the  Pacific,  and  is  separated  on  the  N.  from  Luzon 
by  the  Strait  of  Bernardino,  and  on  the  S.  from  Leyte  by 
the  narrow  channel  of  San  Juanico.  Length,  147  miles  ; 
breadth,  about  50  miles.  It  is  thickly  wooded,  has  rivers 
of  considerable  size,  and  lofty  and  rugged  mountains.  In 
these  latter  iron-stone  and  gold  are  found  and  copper  is 
said  to  exist.  The  people  cultivate  cocoa  palms  for  oil, 
rice,  and  cacao.  Samar  produces  also  manila  hemp,  wax, 
mother-of-pearl,  Ignatius  beans,  pearls,  tortoise-shell,  in- 
digo said  to  equal  that  of  Guatemala,  and  trepang.  The 
inhabitants  are  mostly  descendants  of  Spaniards  by  Indian 
mothers;  they  trade  with  the  other  Philippines  and  the 
Pelew  Islands.     Capital,  Catbalogan.     Pop.  110,103. 

Samara,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Souue. 

Samara,  si-mi-ri',  a  river  of  Russia,  flows  W.,  and 
joins  the  Dnieper  4  miles  S.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav.  Length, 
150  miles. 

Samara,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of  Orenboorg 
and  Samara,  after  a  W.  course  of  280  miles  joins  the  Volga 
at  Samara.     Principal  affluents,  the  Tok  and  Kinel. 

Samara,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of 
the  same  name,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Simbeersk,  on  a  height, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Samara  with  the  Volga.  Pop.  76,300. 
It  was  founded  in  1591,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  cattle  and  sheep,  salt 
fish,  caviare,  skins,  leather,  and  tallow. 

Samara,  a  government  in  the  E.  of  European  Russia, 
having  the  Volga  on  the  W.,  and  extending  E.  to  hills 
which  are  the  S.  W.  extension  of  the  Ural  Mountains.  Area, 
60,198  square  miles.     Capital,  Samara.     Pop.  1,837,081. 

Samarabriva,  the  ancient  name  of  Amiens. 

Samarang,  si-m&-r&ng',  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Java,  capital  of  a  province,  on  its  N.  coast,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Samarang  River,  210  miles  E.S.E.  of  Batavia.  Lat. 
6°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  110°  27'  E.  A  railway  connects  it  with 
Djokjokarta.  Pop.  60,000,  including  many  Chinese.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  large  church,  town  hall,  military 
school,  hospital,  theatre,  and  an  extensive  trade.  Its  har- 
bor is  not  good,  and  the  town  is  unhealthy  from  contiguous 
morasses,  and  owes  its  importance  solely  to  the  adjacent 
country,  which  yields  large  quantities  of  coffee,  pepper, 
rice,  sugar,  and  tobacco.  Samarang  is  the  residence  of  a 
Dutch  governor,  and  the  seat  of  one  of  the  three  principal 
law  courts  of  Java.     Pop.  of  residency,  1,596,896. 

Samarate,  si-m4-rl'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  2  miles  E.  of  Gallarate.     Pop.  2726. 

Samarcand,  si-maR-k&nd'  (anc.  Maracan'da),  a  city 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Zerafshan,  1 30 
miles  E.  of  Bokhara,  on  the  Zerafshan.  Lat.  39°  50'  N. ; 
Ion.  66°  50'  E.  Pop.  about  30,000.  It  has  greatly  declined 
in  unportance ;  the  area  within  its  walls  is  mostly  occupied 
witn  gardens,  and  of  the  40  colleges  which  it  formerly  had, 
only  3  remain  perfect.  This  city  is  regarded  with  great 
veneration  in  Central  Asia,  and  it  possesses  the  tomb  of 
Tamerlane,  under  whom  it  was  the  capital  of  one  of  the 
largest  empires  ever  known,  and  the  centre  of  Asiatic  learn- 
ing and  commerce.  It  has  several  bazaars  and  large  khans, 
and  many  elegant  though  decayed  public  edifices,  and  it 
is  still  an  entrepdt  for  caravan  trade.  Its  olimate,  abun- 
dance of  fruit  and  water,  and  the  beauty  of  its  vicinity,  have 
caused  it  to  be  highly  eulogized  by  Asiatic  poets. 

Samaria,  s4-m&'re-a,  an  ancient  province  of  Palestine, 
between  the  river  Jordan  and  the  Mediterranean,  having 
on  the  N.  Galilee,  and  on  the  S,  Judea.  It  comprised  the 
towns  of  Sebaste,  Neapolis,  Ginsea,  and  Scythopolis,  with 
Mounts  Gilboa  and  Little  Hermon.  The  ancient  city  of 
Samaria,  built  by  Omri,  King  of  Israel,  about  926  B.C.,  was 
the  capital  of  the  ten  tribes.  After  its  destruction  by  John 
Hyrcanus  it  was  rebuilt  by  Herod,  and  called  Sebaste.  See 
also  Sebustieh. 

Samaria,  sa-ma're-^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville  Railroad,  9^  milea 
S.W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Samaria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Toledo  4  Ann  Arbor  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Toledo,  0.  K 
has  a  store. 

Samarrah,  s4-mar'r&,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  65 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tigris,  and 
consisting  of  about  250  houses.  It  has  two  handsome  Mo- 
hammedan tombs  with  cupolas,  one  particularly  venerated 
by  the  Sheeah  sect  and  visited  annually  by  at  least  10,000 


SAM 


2374 


SAM 


Mohammedans.  About  i  mile  N^.  is  a  curious  spiral  tower, 
also  the  remains  of  a  college  and  traces  of  a  palace.  The 
whole  neighborhood  is  covered  with  ruins. 

Samassi)  s&-m&s'see,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2303. 

Samatan,  si^miHiu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  on 
the  Save,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Lombez.     Pop.  of  commune,  2463. 

Samava^  s&-m&'v&,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
Euphrates,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Lemloom. 

Sambai-Contai,  sim'bi-kon'ti,  a  village  of  West 
Africa,  in  Bondoo,  in  lat.  14°  41'  N.,  Ion.  12°  25'  W. 

Sambas,  sim^bis',  a  river  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  rises 
near  the  S.  frontier  of  the  state  of  Sambas,  flows  N.W.  for 
50  miles,  then  turns  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Strait  of  Cari- 
mata.  Length,  about  100  miles.  It  contains  a  good  deal 
of  gold  in  its  sands. 

Sambas,  a  state  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  forming  a 
dependency  in  the  Dutch  residency  of  Pontianak.  It  is  in 
the  shape  of  a  triangle,  each  side  of  which  measures  about 
100  miles,  and  is  separated  from  Sarawak  by  the  Krim- 
bang  Mountains.  It  is  watered  by  the  Sambas,  its  prin- 
cipal stream,  the  Selakoo,  Siakawan,  Ac.  It  contains  the 
richest  gold-mines  in  Borneo,  and  produces  coffee  and  cotton. 
The  state  is  very  populous,  and  is  nominally  governed  by  a 
Mohammedan  sultan. 

Sambas,  a  tovrn  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  on  a  low 
marshy  site,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Sambas,  about  30 
miles  from  the  sea,  about  lat.  1°  15'  N.,  Ion.  109°  20'  E. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  sultan  and  of  a  Dutch  assistant  resident. 
The  houses  are  raised  above  the  ground  on  piles,  and  the 
sultan's  palace  is  a  large  building,  surrounded  by  a  fortifica- 
tion.    Pop.  10,000. 

Sambatikila,8&m-b&-te-kee'l&,atown  of  West  Africa, 
in  the  Mandingo  country.     Lat.  10°  N.;  Ion.  6°  50'  W. 

Sam-Bandillo-de-lilobregat,  s4m-b6w-Deel'yo- 
di-Io-bri-git',  commonly  called  Sanboy,  sin-boy',  or 
Semboy,  sfim-boy',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6 
miles  W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat. 

Sambaya,  a  river  of  Java.    See  Solo  Bengawan, 

Sam'ber,  Sambhara,  sim-b&'r&,  or  Sacambhari, 
si-kim-bi'ree,  a  town  of  India,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ajmeer, 
in  lat.  26°  63'  N.,  Ion.  74°  57'  E.  On  its  N.E.side  is  a  large 
salt  lake. 

Sambiase,  s8,m-be-i's4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  6  miles  W.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  7258. 

Sambilan,  s&m-be-l&n',  or  Sambilang,  s&m-be-l&ng', 
or  Nine  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Strait  of  Ma- 
lacca, in  lat.  4°  5'  N.,  Ion.  100°  35'  E. 

Samboanga,  s&m-bo-&ng'gi,  Samboangan,  s&m- 
bo-ing-g&n',  orNuestra  Sefioradel  Pilar  de  Zara- 
goza,  nwSs'tri  s£n-yo'r&  ddl  pe-laR'  dk  th&-r&-go'th&,  a 
town  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  on  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Mindanao,  in  lat.  6°  54'  30"  S.,  Ion.  122°  8'  E. 
It  occupies  a  low  site  on  the  shore,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small 
stream,  and  is  an  important  fortress. 

Sambor,  sim'boR,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gkilicia,  on  the 
Dniester,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Lemberg,  in  lat.  49°  32'  N.,  Ion. 
23°  17'  E.  Pop.  11,749.  It  has  a  mining  intendenoy,  and 
a  gymnasium,  with  manufactures  of  linens,  bleach-fields, 
and  extensive  salt-works.  Start  (sti'ree)  Sambob  is  on 
the  Dniester,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Sambor.     Pop.  2849. 

Sam'bonrn,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  3} 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Alcester.     Pop.  583. 

Sambracitanns  Sinus.    See  Gulf  of  Grimaud. 

Sambre,  simb'r  (Fr.  pron.  sftMb'r;  anc.  Sa'bis),  a  river 
of  France  and  Belgium,  rises  in  the  French  department  of 
Aisne,  flows  E.N.B.,  and  joins  the  Meuse  at  Namur,  in  Bel- 
gium. Total  course,  100  miles.  Its  affluents  are  the  Helpe 
and  Solre.  In  Belgium  the  Sambre  communicates  by  canals 
with  the  Senne  and  Scheldt,  and  the  Canal  of  the  Sambre, 
France,  connects  it  with  the  Canal  of  Saint-Quentin. 

Sambro,  sim^bro',  a  post-hamlet  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic,  20  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Sambuca,  sS,m-boo'k4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
near  Girgenti.     Pop.  8673. 

Sambncca,  sim-book'k4,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  5703. 

Samcori,  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Koh-Phang. 

Sameanda,  the  native  name  of  Lapland. 

Samelood,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Samalood. 

Samer,  si^maiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1494. 

Sam  Francisco,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Francisco. 

Sambood,  or  Samhond,  sJLm-hood',  a  town  of  Egypt, 
province  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Girgeh. 

Sami,  si'mee,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  on 
the  Joliba,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sego. 


Sa'mish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whatcom  co.,  WashingtOBj 
on  Bellingham  Bay,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Seattle. 

Sam  Jo&o.  See  Sag  Jolo;  and  so  with  all  other  Por- 
tuguese names  with  the  prefix  Sam  or  San. 

Samlensk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sbmliansk. 

Samminiato,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  San  Miniato. 

Sam'mous  Land'ing,  post-oflSce,  Oceana  co.,  Mich- 

Sam'monsville,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  N.T., 
about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  deer-skin-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Sammy  Swamp,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  B.C. 
Pop.  960. 

Samo'an  or  Xav'igator's  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  13°  30'  and  14°  30'  S.  and  Ion. 
168°  and  173°  W.,  comprising  9  inhabited  islands,  with 
several  islets.  Area,  1700  square  miles.  Pop.  36,000.  The 
soil  is  rich,  and  the  surface  densely  wooded.  The  products 
comprise  cocoa-nut  oil,  arrowroot,  cotton,  castor  bean,  gin- 
ger, coflFee,  tortoise-shell,  and  vegetables.  The  inhabitants 
are  superior  in  bodily  and  mental  endowments  to  those  of 
many  other  parts  of  Polynesia.  They  are  Christians,  and 
are  mostly  Presbyterians.  The  country  is  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  United  States.  Chief  ports,  Apia,  the  capital, 
and  Pango-Pango. 

Samoens,  si^mo-fiN*',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Savoie,  15  miles  E.  of  Bonneville.    Pop.  of  commune,  2585. 

Samogitia,  si-mo-jish'^-a  (Polish,  Zmudz),  a  former 
duchy  of  Poland,  now  forming  a  large  part  of  the  Russian 
government  of  Kovno.  Its  capital  was  Rossiena.  The 
Samogitian  language,  still  spoken  by  some  250,000  people, 
is  one  of  the  Lettio  tongues. 

Samogy,  a  county  of  Hungary.     See  SVmegh. 

Samoieds,  sam^oi-ddz',  Samoyeds,  or  Samo- 
yedes,  a  people  inhabiting  the  shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Petchora,  in  the  N.E.  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Archangel,  Russia,  to  the  Gulf  of  Khatangskee,  ^ 
in  the  N.E.  of  the  government  of  Yeniseisk.  They  consist 
of  three  principal  tribes,  speaking  different  dialects.  They 
are  nomadic,  live  chiefly  by  fishing  and  keeping  reindeer, 
and  are  supposed  to  be  of  Finnish  stock. 

Samokhvalovitchi,  or  Samochwalowitschi, 
si-moK-vi-lo-vitch'ee,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  10  miles  S.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1000. 

Sa'mos,  or  Soosam-  (Sonsam-  or  Snsam-) 
Adassi,  soo^8&m'-&-d48'see,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Seala  Nova,  42 
miles  S.W.  of  Smyrna.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  27  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  10  miles.  Area,  213  square  miles.^  Pop.  44,661. 
Two  ranges  of  rocky  limestone  mountains  traverse  the 
island,  their  slopes  partly  covered  with  pine  woods,  vine- 
yards, and  olive-groves.  The  valleys  are  fertile,  and  this 
is  one  of  the  most  productive  islands  of  the  Archipelago,  ex- 

Sorting  raisins,  oil,  fruits,  skins,  mastic,  com,  and  excellent 
luscaidine  wines.  The  mineral  products  comprise  marble, 
iron,  lead,  silver,  and  emery.  The  principal  towns  are 
Vathi,  on  its  N.  side,  with  a  good  harbor,  and  Cora,  near 
the  S.  coast,  on  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Samos. 
The  island  had  in  ancient  times  a  famous  temple  of  Juno, 
of  which  few,  if  any,  vestiges  remain.  It  was  the  native 
country  of  Pythagoras  and  the  sculptor  Theodorus.  The 
Samiots  were  among  the  first  to  join  the  Greek  war  of 
independence,  throughout  which  they  successfully  held  the 
island  against  the  Turks.  Since  1832  the  island  has  been 
an  autonomous  principality,  or  bey  lie,  paying  a  small' 
tribute  to  Turkey.    The  people  are  Greeks  in  language  and 

religion.     Capital,  Vathi. Adj.  and  inhab.  Samian,  s4'- 

me-g,n,  or  Samiot  or  Samiote,  si'me-ot. 

Samos,  an  ancient  city  of  Cephalonia,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  island.     It  is  now  a  village,  with  ancient  remains. 

Samosat,  or  Samosata,  Turkey.    See  Soueisat. 

Samothraki,  s8,-mo-thr4'kee  (anc.  Samothra'ce;  Gr. 
SafiodpaK-)} ;  Turk.  Semendrek,  s4-mSn-drSk'),  an  island  be- 
longing to  Turkey,  in  the  ^gean  Sea  (Grecian  Archipelago), 
14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Imbros.  Area,  30  square  miles.  Pop. 
1500.  It  is  mountainous.  On  its  N.  side  are  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  town  of  Samothraee. 

Samotraki,  s4-mo-tr&'kee,  one  of  the  smaller  Ionian 
Islands,  5  miles  W.  of  Corfu. 

Samoyed,  or  Samoyede.    See  Sahoieds. 

Samozero,  sS,^mo-z4'ro,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government 
of  Olonets,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Petrozavodsk,  about  20 
miles  in  length  from  W.  to  E.,  and  8  miles  in  breadth.  Its 
superfluous  waters  are  carried  S.  and  E.  by  the  river  Shooya 
into  Lake  Onega. 

Samper  de  Calanda,  s4m-paiR'  dk  k4-l&n'd&,  a  towi 
of  Spain,  in  Teruel,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saragossa.     P.  2860 


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Sampeyre,  s&m-p&'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 

15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  5603. 

Sam'pit,  a  township  of  Georgetown  oo.,  S.C.     P.  960. 

Samp'sel  Station*  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Brunswick  <fc  Chillicothe  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
of  Chillicothe. 

Samp'son,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  996  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  South  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Black  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  pitch-pine  and  other  trees.  It  has 
many  thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  corn,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad  intersects  this 
county  near  the  S.W.  border.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,436;  in  1880,  22,894;  in  1890,  25,096. 

Sampson,  or  Sam'son,  a  village  of  Darke  oo.,  0.,in 
Neave  township,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  346. 

Sampson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo., 
at  Hamptonville,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pattonsburg. 

Samp'sondale,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Haverstraw.    It  has  a  church  and  a  rolling-mill. 

Sampson's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Va. 

Samp'town,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  9  miles 
N.  of  New  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

Sara's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Samsoe,  s&ms'o^^h,  or  Sams,  s&ms,  an  Island  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Great  Belt,  between  Seeland  and  Jutland. 
Length,  15  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles.     Pop.  5360. 

Samson,  shim'shon^  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  3870. 

Sam'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  nearly  30  houses. 

Samsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  Washington  Station,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Samsoon,  Samsonn,  or  Samsun,  s&m^soon',  writ- 
ten also  Samsoom  or  Samsum  (anc.  Ami'sua),  a  sea- 
Sort  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  41°  18' 
f. ;  Ion.  36°  22'  E.  The  population  is  wholly  Turkish,  and 
comprises  about  450  families.  The  town  is  a  busy  entrep&t 
for  the  copper,  timber,  tobacco,  and  agricultural  produce  of 
the  interior,  exported  hence  to  Constantinople,  and  it  is  a 
station  for  steam  navigation. 

Sam's  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Sams'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co.,  111.,  about 

16  miles  S.  of  Olney.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Samter,  s&m't^r,  or  Szamotnly,  sh&-mo-too'lee,  a 

town  of  Prussia,  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Posen.    Pop.  4316. 

Samtiago,  Cape  Verd  Islands.    See  Santiago. 

Samtiago  de  Cacem,  s5wNo-te-i'go  di  ki-sSu*',  a 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Ourique, 
on  the  Atlantic. 

Sam'nel's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Bardstown  Branch  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  a  distillery  of  whisky. 

San,  s&n,  Saan,  s&n,  or  Sana,  s&'n&,  a  large  river  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  rises  in  the  Carpathians,  flows  N.N.W., 
.and  joins  the  Vistula  4  miles  N.E.  of  Sandomier.  Total 
~  ourse,  250  miles.     Affluents,  the  Wislok  and  Lubaczow. 

San,  s&n,  a  river  of  Styria,  after  an  E.  and  S.  course  of 
&0  miles,  joins  the  Save  11  miles  S.  of  Cilly. 

San,  sin  (anc.  Ta'nts),  a  ruined  town  of  Egypt,  on  an 
of  the  Nile,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Menzaleh. 

Sana,  or  Sanaa,  s&-n&',  the  capital  city  of  Yemen,  in 
Lrabia,  in  a  fine  valley,  4000  feet  above  the  sea,  110  miles 
"i.N.E.  of  Hodeida.  Pop.  estimated  at  40,000.  It  is  en- 
losed  by  walls  5^  miles  in  circumference  and  mounting 
'some  cannons,  is  built  mostly  of  brick,  and  has  2  stone 
palaces  of  the  imam,  about  20  richly-decorated  mosques, 
and  public  baths.  The  principal  commerce  is  in  coffee  and 
in  its  husk,  which  latter  article  here  brings  the  higher 
price.  Imports  comprise  piece-goods,  Persian  tobacco, 
dates,  twist,  and  glass-wares. 

Safia,  s&n'y&,  or  Miraflore8,me-r&-flo'rds,  a  town  of 
Peru,  province  of  Chiclayo,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Lambayeque, 
once  a  fine  city,  but  now  mostly  in  ruins.     Pop.  2000. 

Sauak  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Halibut  Island. 

Sanamaro,  a  village  of  Teneriffe.    See  Rosario. 

Sa^nand',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ahmedabad.    Pop.  7229. 

San  An'ders,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  about 
66  miles  N.E.  of  Austin. 

San  Andrea.  See  Sant'  Andrea.  San  Angelo. 
See  Sant'  Anoblo;  and  so  with  other  Italian  names  in 
which  San  is  followed  by  a  name  beginning  with  a  vowel. 


San  An'dreas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calaveras  co., 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Calaveras  River,  about  56  miles  S.E.  of 
Sacramento,  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  and  a  large 
hotel.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains,  or  "foot-hills." 
Gold  is  found  here  in  placer-mines,  which  were  once  rich. 
It  is  mainly  supported  by  mining,  the  culture  of  fruit,  and 
raising  cattle  and  sheep.     Pop.  about  700. 

San  Andres  de  Palomar,  s&n  &n-dr£s'  d&  p&-lo- 
maR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Barcelona.     Pop.  8447. 

San  Andres  y  San  Lais  de  Providencia,  s&n 
in-drfis'  e  s&n  loo-ees'  d&  pro-ve-dfin'se-&,  a  national  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  comprising  Old 
Providence,  San  Andres,  and  other  islands  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea.     Pop.  3530. 

San  Angel,  s&n  &ng'Hil,  a  town  of  Mexico,  6  miles  S. 
of  the  capital. 

San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  or  Puerto  Magno, 
pwfiR'to  m&g'no,  a  Spanish  seaport  town,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Ivipa,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ivija,  with  a  small 
fort,  and  an  anchorage  for  large  vessels.  Lat.  39°  0'  4"  N.: 
Ion.  1°  14'  E.     Pop.  1192. 

San  Antonio,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Cianciana. 

San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  a  township  of  Marin  co., 
Cal.     Pop.  451. 

San  Antonio,  a  post- village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  28 
miles  S.  of  Soledad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  761. 

San  Antonio,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Easton.     It  has  2  churches. 

San  Antonio,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada,  135 
miles  from  Eureka.     It  has  a  quartz-mill. 

San  Antonio,  a  post-office  of  Socorro  co.,  New  Mex. 

San  Antonio,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Bexar  oo.,  Tex., 
is  on  San  Antonio  River,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Austin.  It  is 
near  lat.  29°  30'  N.,  Ion.  98°  25'  W.  It  was  in  1890  the 
most  populous  city  of  the  state  except  Dallas.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  a  United  States  arsenal,  4  national  banks,  4 
other  banking-houses,  2  large  Roman  Catholic  colleges  or 
seminaries,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  11  churches,  and 
many  fine  residences.  Three  daily  and  3  or  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  San  Antonio  is  surrounded  by 
a  fertile  country,  of  which  cattle,  cotton,  wool,  and  hides 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  on  the  Southern  Pacific, 
International  &  Great  Northern,  and  Aransas  Pass  Rail- 
ways, 256  miles  W.  of  Galveston.  Here  are  military  head- 
quarters, with  a  quartermaster's  depot.  San  Antonio  has 
extensive  water-power,  several  flouring-mills,  breweries, 
and  tanneries.  It  is  built  on  the  site  of  Fort  Alamo,  cel- 
ebrated in  the  history  of  Texas.  It  has  a  large  public  park, 
called  San  Pedro.  Pop.  in  1860,  8235 ;  in  1880,  20,550 ; 
in  1890,  37,673. 

San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'n&-o,  a  town  of  Mexioo,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  La  Paz. 

San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Apure,  110  miles  E.  of  Barinas. 

San  (or  Santo)  Antonio,  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  ol 
Prince's  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  Its  situation  is  one 
of  extreme  beauty. 

San  Antonio,  Gape  Verd  Islands,  and  Brazil.  See 
Santo  Antonio. 

San  Antonio,  a  cape  of  Brazil,  at  the  entrance  to  All- 
Saints  Bay.  Lat.  13°  0'  7"  S. ;  Ion.  38°  31'  7"  W.  There 
is  a  light  on  this  point  140  feet  high. 

San  Antonio,  a  cape  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  S.  side.  Lat.  36°  19'  S. ; 
Ion.  56°  45'  W. 

San  Antonio,  a  large  port  or  bay  of  Patagonia.  Lat, 
40°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  65°  54'  W. 

San  Antonio,  Cape.    See  Caps  Sam  Antonio. 

San  Antonio  Creek,  a  small  stream  yf  Marin  cu., 
Cal.,  flows  into  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

San  Antonio  de  Areco,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o  d&  &-r&'ko, 
a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  1700. 

San  Anto'nio  de  Gibral'tar  (Sp.  pron.  s&n  &n- 
to'ne-o  d&  He-Br&l-taR'),  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Falcon,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Maraoaybo,  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Trujillo.     Pop.  3000. 

San  Antonio  de  Laguna,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o  d&  l&-goo'- 
n&,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  the  Huallaga,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Amazon. 

San  Antonio  de  los  Cues,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o  d&  loce 
koo'&s,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70  miles  N.  of  Oajaoa. 
It  has  ruins  of  Aztec  forts. 

San  Antonio  de  Praia,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o  d&  pri'i,  a 
small  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  Annohon. 


SAN 


2376 


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San  Anto'nio  River,  Texas,  is  formed  by  the  Medina 
River  and  Leon  Creek,  which  unite  in  the  S.  part  of  Bexar 
CO.  It  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Wilson, 
Karnes,  and  Goliad,  and  enters  Espiritu  Santo  Bay.  Length, 
about  175  miles. 

Sanato'ga,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading. 

San  Augnstin,  s&n  dw-goos-teen',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
12  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

San  Augustin  de  las  Cuevas.    See  Tlalpan. 

San  Augustine,  s5,n  aw-giis-teen',  or  Saint  Au- 
gustine, 8§nt  aw'gus-teen^  (Sp.  <!?on  Augustin,  s&n  5w- 
goos-teen'),  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Attoyac,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Angelina  River.  The 
surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  San  Augustine.  Pop.  in  1870,  4196; 
in  1880,  5084;  in  1890,  6688. 

San  Augustine,  s&n  6w-gooB-teen',  a  hamlet  of  Donna 
Ana  CO.,  New  Mexico. 

San  Augustine,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Augus- 
tine CO.,  Tex.,  75  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marshall.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  cotton-gins,  &c. 
Cotton  is  the  leading  product.     Pop.  in  1890,  744. 

San  Bartholom6,  s&n  baR-to-lo-m&',  a  village  of 
Mexico,  state  and  215  miles  N.  of  Durango. 

San  Bartholom^,  s&n  baR-to-lo-m&',  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Magdalena,  at  the  influx  of 
the  San  Bartholom6,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Remedies. 

San  Bartliotoni6,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  15°  10'  N.;  Ion.  163°  52'  E. 

San  Bartolom^  de  Tir^ana,  s&n  baR-to-lo-m&' 
d&  te-r&-H&'n&,*a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  Gran  Canaria. 

San  Bartolomeo  in  Galdo,  s&n  baR-to-lo-m&'o 
in  g&l'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  28  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Foggia,  on  an  elevated  hill.  It  has  a  diocesan  seminary, 
with  a  collegiate  and  other  churches.     Pop.  3276. 

San  Basilio,  s&n  b&-see'le-o,  a  village  of  Sardinia, 
province  and  23  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1142. 

San  Benedetto  del  Tronto,  s&n  b&-n&-ddt'to  ddl 
tron'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ascoli-Piceno,  on  the 
Adriatic,  13  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Giulia,  It  has  a  port, 
and  is  a  sea-bathing  place.     Pop.  6112. 

San  Benedetto  Po,  or  Polirone,  po-le-ro'n&,  a 
town  of  Italy,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Po,  province  and  12 
•uiles  S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  10,319. 

San  Benedicto,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Nublada. 

San  Benito,  s&n  b&-nee'to,  a  county  in  the  W.  part 
of  California.  Area,  about  1000  square  miles.  The  Coast 
Range  of  mountains  extends  along  its  eastern  border.  It 
is  irrigated  by  the  San  Benito  River.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  HoUister.     Pop.  in  1880,  5584;  in  1890,  6412. 

San  Benito,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Salinas  River,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Monterey. 

San  Benito  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Coast 
Range,  runs  northwestward  through  San  Benito  co.,  and 
joins  the  Pajaro  River. 

San  Bernard',  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  near  the 
N.  extremity  of  Colorado  co.,  and  flows  S.E.  into  the  Gulf 
«f  Mexico,  10  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth  of  Brazos  River. 

San  Bernardino,  s&n  b^R-naR-dee'no,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  Misocco,  15 
miles  N.  of  Roveredo,  with  mineral  springs.  The  Pass  of 
Bernardino  or  Bernhardin  (bfiR^naR^d&N"')  is  traversed 
by  the  route  from  Chur  to  Bellinzona.    Elevation,  6970  feet. 

San  Bernardino,  s&n  bdR-naR-dee'no,  a  large  county 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  California,  borders  on  Nevada.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  Santa  Ana  and  Mohave  Rivers,  the  latter 
of  which  sinks  into  the  alkaline  soil  near  the  middle  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  occupied  by  volcanic  moun- 
tains and  vast  deserts  or  arid  plains  and  valleys  destitute 
of  timber  and  fresh  water.  In  the  northern  part  of  it  is 
the  "  Death  Valley,"  which  is  said  to  be  sunk  nearly  200 
feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  destitute  of  vegeta- 
tion and  animal  life.  Barley,  wheat,  wool,  and  wine  are 
the  staple  products.  Forests  of  pine,  cedar,  and  other  trees 
grow  on  the  mountains.  Among  the  minerals  are  gold, 
silver,  granite,  quartz,  tin,  and  marble.  The  tin  is  found 
in  the  Temescal  Mountains,  in  the  S.W.  part.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Southern  California  Railroad.  Area,  about  21,000  square 
miles.  Capital,  San  Bernardino.  Pop.  in  1870,  3988;  in 
1880,  7786;  in  1890,  25,497. 

San  Bernardino,  a  city,  capital  of  San  Bernardino 


CO.,  Cal.,  is  in  a  fertile  valley,  in  a  township  of  the  same 
name,  4  miles  N.  of  Colton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  60 
miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  contains  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  hotels,  2  planing-mills,  2 
flour-mills,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in  1880,  1673;  in 
1890,  4012.  Mt.  San  Bernardino  is  20  miles  W.  of  this 
village.     See  Mount  San  Bernardino. 

San  Bernardo,  s&n  b^R-naR'do,  a  group  of  islets  of 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of 
Morrosquillo,  and  off  the  Point  of  San  Bernardo,  50  milea 
S.  of  Cartagena. 

San  Bernardo,  s&n  b&R-naR'do,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Santiago.     Pop.  2702. 

San  Biase,  s&n  be-&'s&,  or  San  Biagio,  s&n  be-&'jo, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  3  miles  W.  of  Nicastro. 
Pop.  6037. 

San  Bias,  s&n  bl&s,  or  Saint  Bias,  a  seaport  town 
of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  on  an  island  at  the  embouchure 
of  the  river  Santiago  in  the  Pacific,  about  37  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Tepic,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  Lat.  21°  32'  34"  N. ;  Ion. 
105°  15'  24"  W.  The  climate  is  very  umhealthy,  and  the 
harbor  bad,  with  an  open  roadstead.  Its  commercial  im- 
portance is  considerable.     Pop.  about  2000. 

San  Bias,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Mandinoo. 

San  Bias  Point.     See  Cape  San  Blas. 

San  Bonifacio,  s&n  bo-ne-f&'cho,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  E.  of  Verona.     Pop.  5653. 

San'born,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  South 
Dakota,  having  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Dakota  River  and  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fc  St.  Paul  Railroad.    Capital,  Woonsocket.    P.  (1890)  4610. 

Sanborn,  a  post- village  of  O'Brien  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  E.  of  Sheldon,  and  25  miles  W.  of  Spencer. 
It  has  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  1075. 

Sanborn,  a  post-village  in  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Bufiialo, 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Lockport.  It  contains  2  churches,  2 
hotels,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  160. 

Sanborn,  a  post- village  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Valley  City.  It  has  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  grain  elevator,  a  creamery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  227. 

San'born's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  &  Conway  Railroad,  at 
Wolfborough  Junction,  18i  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  &a. 

San'bornton,  a  post-village  in  Sanbomton  township, 
Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  22  miles  N.  of  Concord,  and  4  milea  N. 
of  Tilton  Station.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  refrigerators.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1027. 

San  Bruno,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

San  Buenaventura,  s&n  bw&-n&-v£n-too'r&,  a  post- 
village  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2320. 

San  Buenaventura  River.     See  Salinas  River. 

San  Buenaventura  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ven- 
tura CO.,  Cal.,  falls  into  the  Pacific  in  34°  20'  N.  lat. 

San'burn,  or  San'born,  a  post-village  of  Johnson 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Cairo  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  43  miles  N.E. 
of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sancara,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Soonkaur. 

San  Carlos,  s&n  kar'looe,  a  post-office  of  Pinal  co., 
Arizona.     Here  is  an  Indian  agency  and  reservation. 

San  Carlos,  a  station  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

San  Carlos,  s&n  kaR'loce,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
of  Nuble,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chilian.     Pop.  3009. 

San  Carlos,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Zamora,  on 
the  Nirgua  River,  130  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  10,420. 

San  Carlos,  s&n  kaR'loce,  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  East  Falkland  Island,  near  the  N.  entrance  of  Falkland 
Sound,  with  anchorage  for  large  vessels.  Lat.  (Fanning 
Head,  S.W.  summit)  51°  27'  12"  S. ;  Ion.  59°  7'  15"  W. 

San  Carlos  de  Ancud,  Chili.    See  Ancud. 

San  Carlos  de  la  Rapita,  sin  kaR'loce  di  1&  r&- 
pee't&,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Tarragona,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  about  20  miles  from  Tortosa.  It  owes 
its  foundation  to  Don  Carlos  III.,  who  intended  to  make  it  a 
great  commercial  emporium;  but  the  extensive  works  com- 
menced during  his  reign  were  abandoned,  and  Rapita  n 
now  insignificant. 

San  Casciano,  s&n  k&-sh&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  8i  miles  S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2374. 


SAN 


2377 


SAN 


San  Casciano  dei  Bagni,  s&n  k&-8h&'no  d&'e  b&u'- 
yee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Siena,  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Pienza.     Pop.  3583. 

Sancasse,  s&n-k&s'si,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
ofif  Nareenda  Bay,  N.W.  of  Madagascar. 

San  Cataldo,  s&n  k&-t&rdo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazzara,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caltanisetta.  Pop. 
12,727.     In  its  vicinity  are  extensive  sulphur-mines. 

Sancerre^  sftN^^saiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  on  a 
vine-clad  hill  on  the  Loire,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Bourges.  Pop. 
2830.  It  has  a  communal  college,  several  tanneries,  and  an 
active  trade  in  wine,  and  in  marble  quarried  in  its  vicinity. 

San  CesariOy  s3,n  chi-si're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  4  miles  S.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  4091. 

San  Chirico  Nuovo,  sin  kee're-ko  nwo'vo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  province  of  Potenza,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Tricarico.     Pop.  2327. 

San  Chirico  Raparo^sin  kee're-ko  ri-pi'ro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Potenza,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Marsico 
Nuovo.     Pop.  3045. 

Sancho,  san'ko,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Tyler  oo.,  W.  Va. 

San  Christoval,  the  name  of  various  places  in  Span- 
ish America.     See  San  Cristoval. 

San  Christoval,  Brazil.     See  Sao  Christovao. 

San  Clemente,  akn  kli-mdn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  48 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3860. 

San  Clemente,  sin  kli-mdn'ti,  an  island  in  the  Pa- 
cific, off  the  coast  of  California,  15  miles  S.  of  the  island 
of  Santa  Catalina. 

Sancoins,  s6ii»^kwiN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop,  2970. 

San  Colombano,  s&n  ko-lom-b&'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
9  miles  S.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  5567. 

Sancori,  an  island,  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Koh-Phang. 

Sanco'ty  Head,  the  S.E.  point  of  Nantucket  Island, 
Massachusetts,  has  a  fixed  light  150  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.     Lat.  41°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  59'  W. 

San  Cristobal,  sin  krees-to'vil  (formerly  Ciudad 
Real  and  Ciudad  de  Las  Casas),  a  town  and  bish- 
op's see  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Chiapa,  285 
miles  S.E,  of  Vera  Cruz.  Its  chief  industries  are  beef- 
packing,  weaving,  and  pottery.     Pop.  12,000. 

San  Cristoval,  sin  krees-to'vil,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Tachira,  96  miles  S.S.W.  of  Merida. 
Pop.  11,903.    It  was  overthrown  in  1875  by  an  earthquake. 

San  Cristoval  or  Christoval,  sin  kris-to'vil.  Lake, 
Mexico,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mexico,  is  10  miles  in  length. 
It  has  on  its  S.  side  a  village  of  its  own  name. 

San  Cristoval  or  Christoval,  a  small  town  of  Gua- 
temala, S.W.  of  Vera  Paz. 

San  Cristoval  de  la  Lagnna  (also  called  Lagn> 
na),  sin  kris-to'vil  di  li  li-goo'ni,  a  town  of  Teneriffe, 
near  its  N.  coast,  on  a  high  plain,  18  miles  W.  of  Santa 
Cruz  de  Teneriffe.     Pop.  4675. 

Sanet  Antonien,  sinkt  in-to'ne-§n,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Chur.  This  village  gives  its 
name  to  the  adjacent  valley  of  Sanct  Antonienthal. 

Sanct  Avoid,  sinkt  i'f6lt  (Fr.  SainUAvold,  siNt- 
iVo'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  18  miles  W.  of 
Saargemiind.     Pop.  2715. 

Sanct  Bartholmft,  Austria.     See  Bartholha. 

Sanct  Beatenberg,  sinkt  bi-i't9n-bSRQ\  a  mountain 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  Lake 
of  Thun.  On  the  slope  of  the  mountain  stands  the  Alpine 
village  of  the  same  name,  about  3500  feet  above  sea-level. 

Sanct  Fiden,  Switzerland.     See  Tablat. 

Sanct  Gallen,  town,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Gall. 

Sanct  Georgen,  sinkt  gi-0R'gh§n,  a  town  of  Croatia, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Bellovar.     Pop.  4630. 

Sanct  Georgen,  a  village  of  Austria-Hungary,  on  the 
Adriatic,  5  miles  S.  of  Zengg.     Pop.  540. 

Sanct  Goar,  sinkt  go'ar,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1384, 

Sanct  Goarshausen,  sinkt  go'ars-hSw^z§n,  a  village 
on  the  Rhine,  opposite  to  the  above.     Pop.  1359. 

Sanct  Ingbert,  Bavaria.    See  Inobert. 

Sanct  Jakob,  town,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Jakob. 

Sanct  Johann,  sinkt  yo-hinn',  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  the  Saar,  opposite  Saarbrliok.     Pop.  10,941. 

Sanct  Johann,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
Balzach,  33  miles  S.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1078. 

Sanct  Johann,  village,  Hungary.    See  Saint  John. 
Sanct  Leon,  sinkt  li'on,  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Philipsburg.     Pop.  1573. 

Sanct  Leonhard,  sinkt  li'on-haRt^  ("Saint  Leon- 
ard"), a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  26  miles  S.  of  Steyer. 
Sanct  Lorenznuss.    See  Saint  Lawrence. 
150 


Sanct  Lndwig,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  SAiNT-Lonis. 

Sanct  Moritz,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Moritz. 

Sanct  Polten.    See  Saint-PSlten. 

Sanct  Stephen,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Stephen. 

Sanet  Tonys,  sinkt  to'nis,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 15  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  5500. 

Sanct  Veit,  sinkt  vit  ("  Saint  Vitus"),  a  town  of  Aus- 
tria, in  Carinthia,  on  the  Glan,  11  miles  N.  of  Klagenfurth. 
Pop.  4322.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  hardware,  <fco. 

Sanct  Veit,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  11  miles  S.  of 
St.  Polten.     Pop.  2877.     See  also  Fiume, 

Sanct  Wendel,  sinkt  ^Sn'd^l,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  3696. 

San  Cugat  dei  Valles,  sin  koo-git'  ddl  vil'yAa,  » 
town  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2173, 

Sancy,  Pic  de,  France,    See  Mont  Dor. 

San'da,  or  San'day,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Orkneys,  2i  miles  S.  of  North  Ronaldshay.  Length,  12 
miles.  The  principal  harbors  are  Kettleloft,  on  the  S.E., 
and  Otterswick,  on  the  N.E.  coast.     Pop.  2053. 

Sanda,  or  Sanday,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  In- 
ner Hebrides,  co.  of  Argyle,  on  the  E.  side  of  Canna. 

Sanda,  or  Sanday,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  at  the 
W.  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  5  miles  E.  of  the 
Mull  of  Kintyre,  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  noted  in  the 
Middle  Ages  as  a  station  of  the  Scandinavian  fleets. 

San'dalwood  Island,  or  Jeendana,  jeen-di'ni, 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  the  island  of  Flores 
and  the  Straits  of  Sapy  and  Mangerye,  in  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion. 
119°  E.  Length,  about  120  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  60  miles. 
It  is  fertile  and  very  populous.  On  its  N,  side  is  the  port 
of  Padewawy,  where  the  Dutch  have  settlements. 

Sandalwood,  Feejee  group.     See  Paoo, 

San  Damiano  d'Asti,  sin  di-me-i'no  dis'tee,  a 
town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2711. 

San  Damiano  di  Coni,  sin  di-me-i'no  dee  ko'nee, 
a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2752. 

San  Daniele,  sin  di-ne-i'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Udine,  on  the  Tagliamento.     Pop.  4471. 

Sandauona.     See  Mount  Santanoni. 

Sandarlee,  Sandarli,  or  Sandarlie,  sin-dar-Iee' 
(anc.  Cyme ;  Gr.  Kv/ut)),  a  small  town  of  Asia  Minor,  near 
the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Sandarlee,  in  lat.  38°  54'  N.,  Ion. 
26°  55'  E.  The  Gulf  of  Sandarlee  {Cumx'ua  Si'nm)  is 
sometimes  called  the  Gulf  of  Fouges.     See  also  Fouges. 

Sandau,  sin'dSw,  or  Ziandon  (?),  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, circle  of  Leitmeritz,  near  Politz.     Pop.  1687. 

Sandau,  sin'dfiw,  or  Sandow,  sin'dov,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2164. 

Sanday,  an  island  of  Scotland.    See  Sanda. 

Sandbach,  sand'batch,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chester,  and  4  miles  by  rail  N.N.E,  of 
Crewe,  near  the  river  Wheelock.  Pop.  5259,  employed  in 
the  manufacture  of  silk. 

Sand'bank,  a  post- village  in  Albion  township,  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  about  26  miles  E.  of  Oswego. 
It  is  also  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  2  large  tan- 
neries, a  flour-mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Sand  Beach,  a  post-village  in  Sand  Beach  township, 
Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  62  miles  N.  of 
Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
salt,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Here  is  a  harbor  of 
refuge,  with  a  pier  and  a  breakwater.  Pop.  in  1890, 1046; 
of  the  township,  2288. 

Sand'born,  a  post-hamlet  of  Enox  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &,  Vincennes  Railroad,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Vincennes. 

Sand  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sand'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Sandchoo,  sind^choo',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan, 
150  miles  S.E.  of  Yarkand,  said  to  contain  1000  families. 

Sand  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Decatur  co.,  runs  S.W. 
through  Jennings  co.,  and  enters  the  Driftwood  Fork  of 
White  River  about  13  miles  below  Columbus. 

Sand  Creek,  a  stu-tion  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  S.  of  Mojave,  Cal. 

Sand  Creek,  township,  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.  P.  1149. 
Sand  Creek,  township,  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2029. 
Sand  Creek,  township,  Jennings  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  930. 
Sand  Creek,  a  station  in  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lo- 
gansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 


SAN 


2378 


SAN 


Sand  Creek,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  402. 

Sand  Creek,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.    P.  1885. 

Sand  Creek,  a  post-ofQce  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  11  miles 
W.  of  Millard  Station. 

Sand  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  about 
42  miles  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Sand  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Red  Cedar  River,  22  miles  N.  of  Rusk  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Sand  Cut,  a  station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Gilroy,  Gal. 

Sand  Cat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E. 
fot  Scranton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sandec,  Alt,  &lt  s&n'dSts,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Neu-Sandec.     Pop.  31 93. 

Sandec,  Nen,  noi  sin'dSts,  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
licia, 49  miles  S.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  7079. 

San  Demetrio,  sin  d^-md'tre-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2674. 

San  Demetrio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
17  miles  W.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  2421. 

San'dcra  Island,  one  of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  in  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  3 J  miles  S.W.  of  Barra. 

San'ders,  a  post-office  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.    See  Camp- 

BELLTOWN. 

San'dersdale,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad  (Southbridge 
Branch),  2  miles  S.E.  of  Southbridge. 

Sandersleben,  s&n'd^rs-li^b^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Anhalt,  on  the  Wipper,  S.W.  of  Bernburg.     Pop.  2760. 

San'derson,  a  post-village  of  Baker  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Jack- 
sonville, and  9  miles  W.  of  MacClenny.  It  has  a  distillery 
of  turpentine  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  about  700. 

Sanderson,  a  station  in  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Madi- 
son <t  Portage  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison. 

Sanderson's  Hoop,  a  prominent  headland  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Greenland,  S.  of  Upernavik.  The  cliflf  is  about 
2000  feet  high,  and  is  noted  for  an  extensive  loonery. 

San'der's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Carteret  oo.,  N.C. 

Sander's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

San'dersville,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Sandersville,  or  Saundersville,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  ridge  between  the 
Oconee  and  Ogeechee  Rivers,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Au- 
gusta, and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Central  Railroad.  It  is  on  the 
Sandersville  <fc  Tennille  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
newspaper  offices,  7  churches,  2  academies,  5  public  schools, 
and  a  monument  to  Governor  Irwin.     Pop.  in  1890,  1760. 

Sand'field,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
on  RiviSre  la  Graise,  27  miles  N.  of  Riviere  Raisin. 

Sandford,  san'fgrd,  or  San'ford,  a  post-village  of 
Vigo  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  several  churches  and  a 
Baw-mill. 

Sandford,  North  Carolina.     See  Sanfoed. 

Sandford,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Uxbridge.     Pop.  100. 

Sandford  Lake,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  lies  among  the 
Adirondack  Mountains,  and  is  one  of  the  sources  of  the 
Hudson  River,  which  issues  from  its  S.  end.  It  is  about  10 
miles  long,  is  very  narrow,  and  is  1826  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  is  connected  with  other  small  lakes,  and  is 
surrounded  by  sublime  scenery. 

Sand  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walnut  township,  Gallia 
CO.,  0.,  14  miles  S.AV.  of  Gallipolis. 

Sand  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sand'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
English  Channel,  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Folkestone.     P.  1840. 

Sand'gate,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandgate  township,  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Bennington,  and  4 
miles  W.  of  Equinox  Mountain.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  clothes-pins.     Pop.  of  township,  705. 

Sand  Gates,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  St. 
Mary's  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Patuxent  River. 

Sandham,  a  summer  resort  of  England.    See  Sandown. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Ark. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  at  a  place 
called  Five  Points,  8  miles  E.  of  CarroUton. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile 
from  the  Ohio  River,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Mayaville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  nursery. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sand  Hill  township,  Scot- 
land CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Middle  Fabius  River,  12  miles  S.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  784. 


Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Neb. 

Sand  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegv 
&  Rome  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski.  It  has  a 
church.     The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Daysrille. 

Sand  Hill,  a  township  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  400. 

Sand  Hill,  a  township  of  Moore  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  268. 

Sand  Hill,  a  station  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Rockingham. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  at  Alt- 
man's  Station  on  the  Port  Royad  Railroad. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Wheeling. 

Saud'hill,  a  post-village  in  Card  well  oo.,  Ontario,  about 
14  miles  W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Sand  Hole,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  oo.,  Idaho,  130 
miles  from  Oneida  Station. 

Sand  Hol'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  0.,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

Sand'hurst,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  5  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wokingham.  Sandhurst  Royal  Military  College 
is  near  it,  also  Wellington  College,  the  Staff  College,  and  the 
Broadmoor  asylum  for  lunatic  criminals. 

Sand'hurst,  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  on  the  Mel- 
bourne &  Echuca  Railway,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne. 
It  is  noted  for  beer,  and  also  for  the  gold-mine^  near  it.  It 
is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Pop.  in  1881,  21,987;  in  1891, 
with  suburbs,  37,238. 

San  Diego,  s&n  de-&'go,  the  most  southern  county  of 
California,  borders  on  Mexico.  Area,  14,548  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the 
E.  by  the  Colorado  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
high  mountains,  caSons,  fertile  valleys,  and  desert  plains. 
The  mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine, 
fir,  and  cedar.  The  highest  point  is  Mount  San  Jacinto, 
about  5500  feet.  The  eastern  part  of  the  county  is  a  naked, 
sterile,  sandy  plain,  called  the  Great  Colorado  Desert. 
Between  the  mountains  and  the  sea  the  soil  is  generally 
fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  and  cattle  are'  the  staple  products. 
The  orange,  olive,  date  palm,  and  other  tropical  fruit  trees 
flourish  here.  Gold  and  silver  are  said  to  be  found  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Saa  Diego.  Pop.  in  1870,  4951 ;  in  1880,  8618;  in 
1890,  34,987. 

San  Diego,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  and  the  second  city  in  population  and 
wealth  in  southern  California,  is  situated  on  a  beautiful 
bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  450  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, 127  miles  S.S.E.  of  Los  Angeles,  and  15  miles  from 
the  Mexican  frontier.  Lat.  32°  41'  N.  The  harbor  of  San 
Diego,  one  of  the  best  in  the  world,  formed  by  an  inlet  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean  nearly  13  miles  long,  has  a  depth  on  the 
bar  of  22  feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  Within  its  environs 
have  been  established  a  military  post,  quarantine  station, 
2  light-houses,  a  harbor  jetty,  and  other  government  works, 
and  a  system  of  fortifications  for  the  locality  has  been  ap- 
proved by  the  war  department. 

San  Diego  contains  a  court-house,  6  banks,  numerous 
hotels,  22  churches,  an  academy,  2  female  seminaries,  cable 
and  electric  street-railways,  electric  lights,  <fco.  It  is  on  the 
Southern  California  Railroad  (Atchison  system),  besides 
which  5  other  railways  connect  it  with  the  interior.  Its 
foreign  commerce  aggregates  nearly  $2,000,000  annually, 
and  a  large  coastwise  business  is  also  done.  Fruits,  grain, 
olive  oil,  wool,  honey,  and  hides  are  the  chief  articles  of 
export.  San  Diego  has  a  mild  and  genial  climate,  in  which 
the  orange,  the  fig,  and  the  olive  flourish.  The  equable 
temperature  and  balmy  atmosphere  render  this  city  an  ex- 
cellent place  for  a  sanitarium  and  resort  for  invalids.  A 
daily  sea-breeze  tempers  the  summer  air,  and  the  nights 
are  agreeably  cool.  The  maximum  temperature  is  about 
85°  Fahr.,  the  entire  range  of  the  thermometer  being  only 
about  50°.  Pop.  in  1890,  16,159;  in  1894,  22,500.  Four 
miles  N.  stands  the  town  of  Old  San  Diego,  within  the 
city  limits,  the  new  town  having  mostly  grown  up  since 
1867. 

San  Diego,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Duval  co.,  Tex., 
about  58  miles  W.  of  Corpus  Christi.  It  has  2  churches 
and  15  stores.  The  staple  products  of  this  county  are  cattle 
and  horses.     Pop.  in  1890,  1877,  mostly  Mexicans. 

San'diford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Holmesburg. 

Sanding,  Poolo,  poo'lo  s&n-ding',  two  islands  off  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
Poggy  Isles,  in  which  group  they  are  sometimes  included. 

San'disfield,  a  post-township  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Springfield,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Farmington  River.     Pop.  about  1000. 


SAN 


2379 


SAN 


.  Sand  Lake^  a  post-village  in  Nelson  township,  Kent 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Orand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  26 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufautures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  600. 

Sand  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn., 
25  miles  N.  of  Willmar.     It  has  a  church. 

Sand  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Sand  Lake  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  £.  of  Albany,  and 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  contains  several  churches,  a 
cotton-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  the  Sand  Lake  Collegiate 
Institute,  and  a  hosiery-factory.  Pop.  777.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  West  Sand  Lake,  and  has  a  pop. 
of  2576. 

Sand  Lick,  a  post-oflBce  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Sand  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Ya. 

Sand  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Sand'nes,  a  township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  339. 

Sandoe,  one  of  the  Faroe  Islands.    See  Faroe. 

San  Domenico,  Adriatic.    See  San  Dohino. 

Sandomier,  or  Sandomir,  s&n-do-meeR'  (Polish, 
Sandomierz,  s4n-do'me-aiRzh^),  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Radom,  at  the  confluence  of  the  San  and  Vistula, 
51  miles  S.W.  of  Lublin.  Pop.  4749.  It  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  the  kings  of  Poland. 

Sandomil,  s&n-do-meel',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  27  miles  S.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1577. 

San  Domingo.    See  Santo  Dohinoo. 

San  Domingo  River.    See  Rio  San  DouiNao. 

San  Domino,  s^n  do-mee'no,  or  San  Domenico, 
sAn  do-m£n'e-ko,  the  largest  of  the  Tremiti  Islands,  in  the 
Adriatic  Sea,  14  miles  N.  of  the  promontory  of  Qargano. 
Length,  2  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

San  Dona,  sin  do'n&,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Venice,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Piave.     Pop.  5525. 

San  Donato,  s&n  do-n&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cii^erta,  11  miles  E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3112. 

Sandooklee,  or  Sandukli,  s&n-doo'klee,  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  67  miles  S.  of  Kutaieh ;  8  miles  S.  are  exten- 
sive ruins  of  an  ancient  city. 

Saudo'vai,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Centralia,  and  9  miles  W. 
of  Salem.  Here  are  large  repair-shops  of  the  Ohio  4  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  834. 

Sand'over,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Sandoway,  or  Sandowy,  s4nM6-wi',  a  town  of  Brit- 
ish Burmah,  in  Aracan,  40  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Che- 
duba.     Lat.  18°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  5'  E.     Pop.  1508. 

Sandoway,  a  district  of  Aracan,  bounded  W.  by  the 
sea,  and  E.  and  S.  by  the  Pegu  division,  British  Burmah. 
Area,  3667  square  miles.     Capital,  Sandoway.     P.  54,725. 

San'down,  or  Sandham,  a  town  of  England,  Isle  of 
Wight,  on  its  E.  coast,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Brading.  The 
fine  sands  and  beauty  of  the  bay  attract  visitors.    P.  2320. 

San'down,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandown  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  496. 

San'doz  Knob,  or  Black  Brother,  North  Carolina, 
a  peak  of  the  Black  Mountains,  is  in  Yancey  co.,  about  4 
miles  N.  of  Clingman's  Peak.     Its  altitude  is  6619  feet. 

Sand  Patch,  a  post-village  in  Larimer  township, 
Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Balti- 
more Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has 
a  church. 

Sand  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  Indian 
River,  12  miles  W.  of  Cape  Canaveral. 

Sand  Point,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Ottawa,  and  on  the  Brockville  &  Ottawa  Rail- 
road, 74i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brockville.  It  contains  several 
■tores.     Pop.  250. 

Sand  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Tazewell  co., 
m.     Pop.  1046. 

Sand  Prairie,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Sand'ridge,  a  southern  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Australia, 
'with  docks  and  quays.     Pop.  6388. 

Sand  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Grand  Tower  &  Carbondale  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Car- 
bondale. 

Sand  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Oregon. 

Sand  River,  Cape  Colony.     See  Koussie  River. 

Sand  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Sand  Run,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Sands,  a  post-office  of  Marquette  co.,  Mioh. 


Sand  Spring,  a  post-village  in  South  Fork  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Sand  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Sand  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Sand'stone,  a  post-village  in  Sandstone  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Lansing.  The 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  passes  through  the  S.  part  of 
the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1476. 

Sandstone,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Nevada. 

Sand  Town,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  oo.,  Ga. 

Sand'town,  or  Wood'bury,  a  hamlet  of  Meriwether 
CO.,  Ga.,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Thomaston.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  75.     Here  is  Woodbury  Post-Office. 

Sandtown,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  3  mile* 
from  Medford. 

Sandt's  Eddy,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co.,  Pt.., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  5  or  6  miles  above  Easton. 

Sand  Tuck,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Sandukli,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  SANDOOKLiSB. 

Sandnr,  a  state  of  India.     See  Sundoor. 

Saudns'ky,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  418  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Sandusky  Bay  of  Lake  Erie,  is  intersected  by 
the  Sandusky  River,  which  runs  northward  through  the 
county,  and  enters  Sandusky  Bay,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Portage  River  and  Green  and  Muddy  Creeks.  It  comprises 
part  of  the  tract  called  the  Black  Swamp.  The  surface  is 
mostly  level,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
white  oak,  ash,  beech,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  elm,  black 
walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  deep  and  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  Upper  Silu- 
rian limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  <fc 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Wheeling  <fe 
Lake  Erie  Railroad.  Capital,  Fremont.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,503;  in  1880,  32,057;  in  1890,  30,617. 

Sandnsky,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alexander  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Sandusky,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  and  on  the  Burlington  <fe  Keokuk  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sandusky,  a  post-village  in  Freedom  township,  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac     Pop.  about  300. 

Sandusky,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  0.     Pop.  665. 

Sandusky,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital  of 
Erie  co.,  0.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  shore  of  San- 
dusky Bay,  near  its  E.  end,  5  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  110 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo, 
about  56  miles  by  water  W.  of  Cleveland,  and  211  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Cincinnati.  Lat.  41°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  45'  W. 
In  all  seasons  except  winter  the  wharves  are  thronged  with 
steamboats  and  other  vessels  taking  in  and  discharging 
their  cargoes.  The  ground  on  which  the  city  stands  rises 
gradually  from  the  shore,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view 
of  the  bay,  enlivened  with  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
vessels.  The  city  is  built  on  an  inexhaustible  bed  of  the 
finest  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building.  It  contains 
many  elegant  residences  and  churches  constructed  of  stone 
and  brick.  Sandusky  has  a  court-house,  22  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  public  library,  6  public  schools,  4  national 
banks,  the  oapittd  of  which  amounts  to  $500,000,  a  custom- 
house, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily,  1  tri-weekly, 
1  Sunday,  1  semi-weekly,  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  The 
semi-weekly  and  one  of  the  weekly  papers  are  printed  in 
the  German  language.  It  has  also  several  machine-shops, 
and  manufactures  of  railroad  cars,  engines  and  boilers, 
cutlery  and  edge-tools,  wine,  beer,  and  turned  and  carved 
wood.  Among  its  chief  articles  of  export  are  fresh,  frozen, 
and  salt  fish,  wool,  wheat,  flour,  apples,  grapes,  and  other 
fruits,  and  wine.  This  city  is  on  the  line  of  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  is  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &  Newark,  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  &  Cleveland,  and  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Rail- 
roads.     Pop.  in  1880,  15,838;  in  1890,  18,471. 

Sandusky,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 
Sandusky,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Sauk  CO.,  Wis.,  14  miles  S.  of  Lavalle  Station,  and  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Sandusky  Bay,  Ohio,  is  a  part  of  Lake  Erie,  extend- 


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ing  inland  between  Erie  and  Ottawa  cos.  to  the  mouth  of 
Sandusky  River.  It  is  about  15  miles  long  by  5  miles  wide, 
and  forms  an  excellent  harbor,  in  which  vessels  can  lie  in 
safety  during  storms.     On  its  shore  is  the  city  of  Sandusky. 

Sandusky  Junction^  a  station  of  the  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches,  3  miles  E.  of 
Sandusky,  0. 

Sandusky  River,  Ohio,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Richland  co.,  and  runs  westward  through  Crawford  co.  to 
Upper  Sandusky.  Below  this  place  it  runs  nearly  north- 
ward, intersects  the  cos.  of  Seneca  and  Sandusky,  and  enters 
the  W.  end  of  Sandusky  Bay.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Sandwich,  sand'wich  or  sand'wij,  a  cinque  port  and 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Stour, 
2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Pegwell  Bay,  on  the  Southeastern 
Railway,  4  miles  N.  of  Deal.  The  streets  are  irregular  and 
the  houses  antique.  It  has  3  parish  churches,  a  guild  hall, 
A  jail,  2  hospitals,  several  chapels,  and  a  free  grammar- 
school.  The  town  was  formerly  the  seaport  of  London,  but 
at  present  it  has  little  trade,  the  chief  exports  being  agri- 
cultural produce,  wool,  malt,  bark,  leather,  and  ashes,  and 
the  principal  import  coal.  It  returns  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Near  it  is  Richborough,  the  ancient 
Bhutupium,  on  the  decline  of  which  Sandwich  arose  in  the 
sixth  century.     Pop.  3060. 

Sand'wich,  a  post-town  in  Somonauk  township,  De 
Kalb  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  57  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  manufactures  of  corn-shellers,  windmills,  harvesters, 
reapers,  ploughs,  cheese,  and  flour.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Sandwich,  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  township,  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  Cape  Cod  di- 
vision of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  glass-ware,  jewelry- 
boxes,  and  tacks.  The  township  (which  contains  villages 
named  Monument,  North  Sandwich,  West  Sandwich,  and 
Soi'th  Sandwich)  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Buzzard's  Bay. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1819. 

Sandwich,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.H.,  in  Sand- 
wich township,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  is  surrounded  by  fine 
mountain-scenery.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Squam  Lake,  and  contains  villages  named  Centre  Sand- 
wich and  North  Sandwich.     Pop.  of  township,  1854. 

Sand'wich,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Detroit  River,  opposite  the  city  of  De- 
troit. About  2  miles  N.E.  of  the  village  is  Windsor,  the 
terminus  of  the  Great  Western  Railway.  Sandwich  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  brewery,  a  number 
of  stores,  and  several  mills.  Here  are  Assumption  College 
and  a  house  of  Basilian  monks.     Pop.  1160. 

Sand'wich  Bay,  the  name  of  an  inlet  of  Labrador, 
and  also  of  one  in  the  island  of  Mallicollo,  in  the  Pacific. 

Sandwich  Dome,  a  mountain  of  New  Hampshire,  is 
partly  in  Sandwich  township,  on  the  boundary  between 
Carroll  and  Grafton  cos.  Height,  4000  feet.  It  commands 
one  of  the  grandest  panoramas  in  New  England. 

Sandwich  Island  is  the  name  of  two  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  respectively  in  the  New  Hebrides  group,  lat. 
18°  52'  S.,  Ion.  168°  35'  E.,  and  S.W.  of  New  Ireland,  lat. 
2°  55'  S.,  Ion.  150°  44'  E. 

Sandwich  Islands.    See  Hawaii. 

Sand'y,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bedford,  at  a  railway 
junction,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Biggleswade.     Pop.  2117. 

Sand'y,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1116. 

Sandy,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1163. 

Sandy,  a  township  of  Winston  co.,  0.     Pop.  302. 

Sandy,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Sandy,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Sandy,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Utah  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It 
has  several  mills  and  furnaces. 

Sandy,  Jackson  oo.,  W.  Va.    See  Sandyviule. 

Sandy  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carlton  township,  Ke- 
waunee CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan. 

Sandy  Bay,  a  village  of  Tasmania,  on  the  Derwent, 
00.  of  Buckingham. 

Sandy  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  near  the  N.  extremity 
of  New  Ulster  (North  Island). 

Sandy  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  from  Metis.     Pop.  250. 

Sandy  Beach,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  4 
miles  from  Gasp6  Basin.     Pop.  100. 

Sandy  Beach'es,  a  post-settlement  in  Lunenburg  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  41  miles  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  120. 


Sandy  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Va^r 
30  miles  from  West  Point,  and  1  or  2  miles  from  a  steam- 
boat-landing on  the  Rappahannock. 

Sandy  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Mo.,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sandy  Cove,  a  maritime  village  of  Nora  Scotia,  co. 
of  Digby,  on  Digby  Neck,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Digby.     P.  400. 

Sandy  Cove,  a  settlement  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
li  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  100. 

Sandy  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  Chambers  co.,  runs 
westward,  and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River  in  Tallapoosa  co. 

Sandy  Creek,  CoL  and  Neb.    See  Big  Sandy  Creek. 

Sandy  Creek,  Morgan  oo.,  Ghi.,  unites  with  Labor 
Creek  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sandy  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southeastward  through 
Wilkinson  co.,  and  enters  the  Oconee  i.iver. 

Sandy  Creek,  Jefferson  oo.,  N.T.,  is  formed  by  its 
North  and  South  Branches,  which  run  southwestward  and 
unite  near  EUisburg.  It  enters  Lake  Ontario  about  2  miles 
from  the  junction  of  the  branches. 

Sandy  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Orleans  oo.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario  in  Monroe  co. 

Sandy  Creek,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  enters  Deep  River 
from  the  N.  a  few  miles  E.  of  Asbborough. 

Sandy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  runs 
nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  in  Ve- 
nango CO.,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Sandy  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Carroll  and  Stark 
COS.,  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Tusoarawai 
River  at  Bolivar. 

Sandy  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Gillespie  co.,  and  enters 
the  Colorado  River  from  the  W.  in  Llano  co. 

Sandy  Creek,  of  Texas,  an  affluent  of  the  Navidad, 
enters  that  river  from  the  N.,  in  Jackson  oo. 

Sandy  Creek,  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  enters  Ban- 
ister River  from  the  right,  near  Meadville,  in  Halifax  co. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
in  Bridgeton  township,  2  miles  from  Bridgeton.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sandy  Creek,  or  Mur'ray,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  co.^ 
N.Y.,  in  Murray  township,  on  Sandy  Creek,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Here  is  Murray  Post-Office. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Sandy  Creek  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad  and 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &,  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.  of  Syracuse,  and  31  miles  N.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  several 
saw-mills,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  986.  The  township 
(which  contains  also  the  village  of  Lacona,  at  which  i» 
Sandy  Creek  Station)  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  On 
tario.     Pop.  2736. 

Sandy  Creek,  township,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.    P.  1463. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Sandy  Creek,  township,  Warren  co.,  N.C.     P.  2763. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  station  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.     P.  734. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.   P.  1391. 

Sandy  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga. 

Sandy  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Sandy  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Buford's  Gap  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
distillery. 

Sandy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Sandy  Founda'tion,  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  oo.,  N.C. 

Sandy  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  14 
miles  S.  of  Graham. 

Sandy  Grove,  township.  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     P.  317. 

Sandy  Mill,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Kingsbury  township,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Glens  Falls  Branch 
Railroad,  which  connects  at  Fort  Edward  with  the  Rensse- 
laer &,  Saratoga  Railroad,  about  66  miles  N.  of  Albany,  4 
miles  N.  of  Fort  Edward,  and  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Glens 
Falls.  It  contains  7  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  several  paper-mills  and  saw-mills, 
for  which  the  river  affords  motive-power.      P.  (1890)  2895. 

Sandy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Pa. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  narrow  sandy  peninsnla  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  extending  northward.  It  is  about  6  miles  long, 
and  lies  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  Sandy  Hook  Bay, 
nearly  16  miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  On  the  N.  point  is 
a  fixed  light  90  feet  high. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  post-village  in  Newtown  township, 


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i 


Fairfield  oo.,  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonio  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  about  10  miles  E,  of  Danbury. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  the  factory  of  the  New  York  Belting 
&  Packing  Company. 

Sandy  Hook,  or  Mar'tinsbnrg,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Elliott  CO.,  Ky.,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Grayson,  and  about 
80  miles  E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  village  and  station  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  opposite  Harper's  Ferry,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  of  Balti- 
more. It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  300.  The  name  of 
its  post-oflBce  is  Keep  Tryst. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  post-office  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Hook  Pier,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Now  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  New 
York.     It  is  on  the  ocean,  and  on  a  low,  sandy  peninsula. 

Sandy  Lake,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  14  miles  (direct,  or  20 
miles  by  rail)  W.S.W.  of  Franklin,  and  22  miles  S.  of 
Meadville.  It  is  on  the  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop, 
a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  800. 

Sandy  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Mount,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co. 
and  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin,  on  Dublin  Bay. 

Sandy  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Llano  oo.,  Tex. 

Sandy  Mush,  a  post-township  of  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C., 
40  miles  from  Old  Fort.     Pop.  894. 

Sandy  Neck,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Barn- 
stable Bay,  Mass.,  has  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  41°  44'  N.;  Ion. 
70°  15'  W. 

Sandy  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
from  Landrum's  Station,  S.C.,  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Sandy  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Penobscot  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Buoksport.  It 
has  a  church. 

Sandy  Point,  Massachusetts.    See  Great  Point. 

Sandy  Point,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  28  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Houston. 

Sandy  Point,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  St.  Christopher,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Basse-Terre. 

Sandy  Point,  a  post-settlement  and  fishing-station  in 
Shelburne  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  9  miles  from  Shelburne.    P.  500. 

Sandy  Point,  a  village  on  the  French  Shore,  New- 
foundland, the  chief  settlement  in  St.  George  Harbor.  It 
chiefly  depends  upon  the  spring  herring-fisheries,  the 
schooners  going  north  for  the  Labrador  herring  in  the  fall 
of  the  year.  The  trading  is  principally  carried  on  with 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia.  There  is  an  English  church  on 
Sandy  Point,  also  a  Catholic  church.     Pop.  405. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Calhoun  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  about 
38  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Sandy  Ridge,  township,  Union  co.,  N.C,     Pop.  1690. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Altoona.     Here  are  coal-mines. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

Sandy  (or  Big  Sandy)  River,  an  affluent  of  the 
Ohio,  is  formed  by  the  Tug  Fork  and  West  Fork,  which 
unite  at  Louisa,  Ky.  It  runs  northward,  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Catlettsburg,  18  miles  (direct)  N. 
of  Louisa.  The  Tug,  or  East  Fork,  rises  in  West  Vir- 
ginia, runs  nearly  northwestward,  and  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia.  The 
West  Fork,  sometimes  called  Louisa  Fork,  rises  in  the 
southwest  part  of  Virginia,  and  soon  passes  into  Kentucky. 
It  runs  northwestward  through  Pike  and  Floyd  cos.,  and 
northward  through  Johnson  co.  Each  of  these  forks  is 
about  160  miles  long.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the 
river  and  its  West  Fork  nearly  100  miles.  It  is  sometimes 
called  Chatterawah. 

Sandy  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  and  runs 
southeastward  to  Farmington.  It  finally  runs  northeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Kennebec  River  in  Somerset  co.,  about 
6  miles  above  Nbrridgewock. 

Sandy  River,  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and,  flowing  W.,  enters  Lake 
Michigan  in  Mason  co. 

Sandy  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  Claokamaa  oo.,  runs 


northwestward  through  Multnomah  co.,  and  enters  the  Co- 
lumbia River  about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland. 

Sandy  River,  South  Carolina,  a  small  stream  which 
enters  Broad  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Chester  oo. 

Sandy  River,  plantation,  Franklin  oo.,  Me.    Pop.  111. 

Sandy  River,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Run,  township,  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C.     P.  1191. 

Sandy  Run,  a  mining  and  post- village  in  Foster  town- 
ship, Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pond  Creek  Branch  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hazle- 
ton.     It  has  a  coal-breaker,  a  colliery,  and  70  dwellings. 

Sandy  Run,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia, with  large  quarries  and  lime-kilns. 

Sandy  Run,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  643. 

Sandy  Spring,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
18  miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  Friends'  meet- 
ing, a  savings-institution,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  a  boarding- 
school  for  girls,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sandy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark. 

Sandy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

San'dyston,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N. J.    Pop.  1230. 

San'dy  Val'ley,  a  post-village  in  Winslow  township, 
Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Brookville.  It  has 
2  churches  iiud  a  lumber-mill. 

San'dyville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Indianola,  and  about  22 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  gen- 
eral stores. 

Sandyville,  a  post- village  in  Sandy  township,  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Canton. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.  Goal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  227. 

Sandyville,  a  village  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Sand 
Creek,  8  miles  N.  of  Ripley.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  tobacco-works.  Here  is 
Sandy  Post-Office. 

San'dywoods,  a  township  of  Scott  co..  Mo.   Pop.  777. 

San'el,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Rus- 
sian River,  about  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  Pop. 
of  Sanel  township,  371. 

San  Elizario,  s&n  i-le-z&'re-o,  a  poet-village  of  El 
Paso  CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande.  It  has  a  church,  a 
manufactory  of  Mexican  blankets,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
in  1880,  910;  in  1890,  1397. 

San  Fele,  s&n  fi'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Po- 
tenza,  3  miles  from  Melfi.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,536. 

San  Felice,  s&n  f&-lee'ch&,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
W.  of  Terracina,  near  the  sea,  and  not  far  from  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Oircseum. 

San  Felice,  sin  f i-lee'chi,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lago  di  Garda.    P.  1030. 

San  Felice,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mi- 
randola.     Pop.  of  commune,  8429. 

San  Felice  a  Cancello,  s&n  f^-lce'chi  &  k&n-ch£l'Io, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Caserta,  with 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  7375. 

San  Felices  de  los  Gallegos,  s3,n  fi-lee'thds  di 
loce  gil-yi'gooe,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  56  miles 
S.W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  1993. 

San  Felipe,  s&n  fi-lee'p&,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clank 
CO.,  Cal. 

San  Felipe  (Sp.  pron.sin  fi-lee'pi,  usually  pronounced 
by  the  Texans  san  fil'ip),  a  post-village  of  Austin  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Houston. 
It  is  IS  miles  N.  of  East  Bernard  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  250. 

San  Felipe,  a  village  of  Kinney  co.,  Tex.     Pop.  161. 

San  Felipe,  sin  f&-lee'p&,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capi- 
tal of  Yaracuy,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  6360. 

San  Felipe,  a  fort  of  Honduras,  on  the  Golfo  Dalce. 
Lat.  15°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  1'  45"  W. 

San  Felipe,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles  N. 
of  Guanajuato. 

San  Felipe  de  Aconcagua,  s&n  f&-lee'p&  di  &-kon- 
k&'gwi,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  Aconcagua,  in  a  fine 
valley,  about  15  miles  from  the  Andes,  and  40  miles  N.  of 
Santiago.  Pop.  12,000.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  hand- 
some public  walks,  and  a  central  square,  in  which  are  the 
chief  public  buildings.    Near  it  are  copper-mines. 

San  Felipe  de  Austria,  Venezuela.    See  Cabiaoo. 

San  Felipe  de  Bacalar,  Yucatan.    See  Bacalar. 

San  Felipe  de  Jativa,  s&n  fi-lee'pi  di  ni'te-vi 
(anc.  Sset'abig  or  Set'abia),  a  city  of  Spain,  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Albayda  and  the  Guadamar,  province  and  43 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Poo.  15,631.     It  has  manufao- 


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tures  of  woollens  and  linena,  Roman  ruins,  and  magnificent 
remains  of  Moorish  architecture. 

San  Felipe  de  Linares.    See  Linares. 

San  Feliu  de  Guixols,  sin  fi-le-oo'  di  ghe-Hols',  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gerona, 
on  the  sea.     Pop.  6515. 

San  Feliu  de  Torello,  sin  fi-le-oo'  dk  to-rSl'yo,  a 
village  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter. 
Pop.  2396. 

San  Fernando,  sin  fjR-nin'do,  a  town  of  Chili,  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  Colchagua,  80  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Santiago.     Pop.  5177. 

San  Fernando,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
on  the  La  Plata,  15  miles  by  rail  above  Buenos  Ay  res. 

San  Fernando,  Sicily.    See  Nizza  di  Sicilia. 

San  Fernando,  Spain.    See  Isla  de  Leon. 

San  Fernando,  san  f^B-nin'do,  a  post-village  of  Los 
Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Los  Angeles  division  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles. 

San  Fernando  de  Apure,  sin  fSn-nin'do  di  i- 
poo'ri,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Apure, 
on  the  river  Apure,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Portuguesa,  70 
miles  S.  of  Calabozo.     Pop.  3053. 

San  Fernando  de  Catamarca.    See  Cataharca. 

San  Fernando,  Serra  de,  sin'Ri  di  sin  f^R-nin'- 
do,  or  Doirados,  doi-ri'doce,  a  mountain  of  South  Amer- 
ica, separates  the  Brazilian  state  of  Matto-Grosso  from  the 
Bolivian  territory  of  Chiquitos.  Lat.  18°  S. ;  Ion.  59°  to 
60°  W. 

San  Fernan'do  Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Los  Angeles.     Here  is  a  tunnel  6957  feet  long. 

San  Filippo  d'Argiro,  Sicily.    See  Aoira. 

San  Fla'ris,  post-office,  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mexico. 

San'ford,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  Fla.,  on  Lake 
Monroe,  an  expansion  of  St.  John's  River,  124  miles  above 
Palatka,  and  1  mile  from  Mellonville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
hotel,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Sanford,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.    See  Sandford. 

Sanford,  a  post-village  in  Sanford  township,  York  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Mousam  River,  about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Portland,  and  i  mile  S.  of  Springvale  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  or  3  woollen-mills,  in  which  carriage- 
robes  and  blankets  are  made.  It  is  often  called  Sanford 
Corner.  The  township  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
Springvale,  which  has  a  cotton-factory.  Mousam  River 
affords  water-power  for  many  mills.   Pop.  of  township,  2734. 

Sanford,  a  post-village  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Je- 
rome township,  on  Tittabawassee  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  lumber-business.    P.  about  200. 

Sanford,  a  post-township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  contains  a  large  part  of 
the  village  of  Deposit,  and  a  hamlet  named  Sanford,  which 
is  7  miles  N.W.  of  Deposit,  and  has  a  church.     Pop.  3669. 

Sanford,  a  post-village  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  West- 
em  Railroad  of  North  Carolina,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Raleigh, 
and  38  miles  N.W.  of  Fayetteville. 

Sanford's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Sanford  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad,  8i  miles  S.  of  Dan- 
bury.     It  is  mostly  in  Ridgefield  township. 

San'fordville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  St.  Regis  River,  1  mile  from  West  Stockholm.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  2  shingle-mills,  and  9  houses. 

Sanfordville,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  oo.,  Ya. 

San  Francisco,  a  city  and  county  of  California,  the 
largest  city  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  America,  and  the  com- 
mercial emporium  of  the  state,  is  situated  in  lat.  37°  47' 
N.,  Ion.  122°  26'  W.  The  city,  which  is  co-extensive  with 
the  county,  has  an  area  of  about  50  square  miles,  occupy- 
ing the  end  of  a  peninsula  or  tongue  of  land,  with  the 
ocean  on  one  side  and  the  bay  of  San  Francisco  on  the  other. 
The  site  is  uneven,  embracing  many  hills,  of  which  the 
highest,  known  as  the  Twin  Peaks,  are  925  feet  high,  and 
form  a  crown  of  an  amphitheatre  of  hills  in  the  built-up 
portion  of  the  city.  Several  of  these  hills  are  covered  with 
handsome  residences,  from  which  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
surrounding  country,  with  the  bay  and  ocean,  can  be  had. 
Systems  of  cable  and  electric  railways,  reaching  out  from 
the  ferries  at  the  foot  of  Market  street  in  all  directions, 
pass  over  the  hills  to  the  ocean  beach  on  the  W.,  where, 


from  the  famous  Cliff  House  and  Sutro  Heights,  a  magnifi- 
cent view  of  the  Seal  Rocks  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  can  be 
had. 

The  entrance  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  to  the  bay  of  San 
Francisco  is  through  the  Golden  Gate,  a  water-way  about 
6  miles  long  and  about  1  mile  wide,  with  a  depth  of  water 
averaging  100  feet,  but  with  only  35  feet  on  the  bar  at  its 
entrance  at  low  tide.  The  bay  extends  from  Fort  Point 
past  the  city  in  a  southeasterly  direction  for  about  40  miles, 
varying  in  width  from  6  to  12  miles.  Northward  it  connects 
by  a  strait  with  San  Pablo  Bay,  10  miles  in  length,  having 
at  its  northerly  end  Mare  Island  and  the  Navy -Yard.  San 
Pablo  Bay  is  again  connected  with  Suisun  Bay,  8  miles  long ; 
the  total  length  of  these  bays  and  connecting  straits  being 
65  miles.  The  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers  debouch 
near  the  head  of  Suisun  Bay.  Nearly  in  front  of  the  city 
are  three  important  islands, — Alcatraz  (fortified).  Angel 
Island  (fortified),  and  Yerba  Buena,  or  Goat  Island.  A  sea- 
wall is  now  being  built  along  the  city  front  by  the  State 
Harbor  Commissioners,  which  when  completed  will  give 
the  city  one  of  the  finest  stone  water-fronts  of  any  city  in 
the  world. 

Possessing  the  finest  harbor  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
having  ready  communication  with  the  interior,  San  Fran- 
cisco enjoys  a  monopoly  of  the  commerce  of  the  Pacific  slope. 
About  50  ocean  steamers  make  regular  trips  from  this  port 
to  China,  Australia,  Japan,  Panama,  Mexico,  Pnget  Sound, 
and  Victoria.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  the  precious 
metals,  quicksilver,  wheat,  barley,  flour,  fruit,  canned 
goods,  wine,  wool,  hides,  and  lumber,  the  total  annual 
value,  including  gold  and  silver,  being  about  $75,000,000. 
Thib  city  has  important  fishery  and  whaling  interests, 
sugar-refineries,  rolling-mills,  cigar- factories,  ship-yards, 
woollen-mills,  type-foundries,  boot-  and  shoe-factories, 
wire-cable-works,  cordage-works,  foundries  of  all  kinds, 
machine-shops,  sash-  and  door-factories,  tanneries,  brew- 
eries, and  factories  for  the  canning  of  fruits.  Iron  ship- 
building is  extensively  carried  on,  and  at  Hunter's  Point, 
4i  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  is  a  dry-dock  hewn  out  of  solid 
rook.  The  entrance  of  the  harbor  is  defended  by  Fort  Point, 
which  is  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Golden  Gate,  and  by  forti- 
fications on  Angel  Island  and  Alcatraz  Island. 

This  place,  originally  called  Yerba  Buena  ("  good  herb"), 
was  settled  by  Spaniards  about  1777.  Its  name  was  changed 
to  San  Francisco  in  1847.  The  discovery  of  gold  in  1848 
attracted  hosts  of  immigrants  and  adventurers  to  California 
and  caused  a  rapid  increase  in  the  prosperity  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. In  the  early  part  of  1849  the  population  was  about 
2000 ,-  but  at  the  end  of  that  year  it  had  increased  to  20,000. 
The  city  was  originally  built  of  wood,  but  three  great  fires 
in  1850  swept  the  greater  part  of  these  wooden  structures 
away.  Many  of  the  business  houses  were  thereafter  built 
of  brick  and  iron,  but  to  this  day  the  dwellings  are  chiefiy 
of  wood.  Many  large  and  costly  builings  have  been  erected, 
and  marble,  granite,  and  terra-cotta  are  coming  into  exten- 
sive use,  with  interior  frames  of  iron  and  steel.  The  public 
edifices  consist  chiefly  of  a  custom-house,  mint,  sub-treas- 
ury, city  hall,  stock  exchange,  and  about  20  theatres,  opera- 
houses,  and  places  of  amusement.  The  largest  edifice  in 
the  city  is  the  Palace  Hotel,  containing  1000  rooms  and 
costing  upward  of  $3,000,000. 

Golden  Gate  Park  covers  an  area  of  1050  acres.  Origi 
nally  a  barren  tract  of  sand-dunes,  it  has  been  gradually 
converted  into  one  of  the  most  attractive  places  in  the  State. 
It  is  about  3  miles  in  length  and  a  mile  in  breadth,  and 
borders  upon  the  ocean.  Here  was  held  the  California  Mid- 
winter Fair,  an  offshoot  of  the  Columbian  World's  Fair. 

The  number  of  churches  and  chapels  is  about  120.  Of 
these,  80  or  more  are  Protestant  and  not  less  than  25  are 
Roman  Catholic.  The  finest  of  these  churches  are  the  new 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  the  new  Trinity  and  Grace 
churches  (both-  Episcopal),  the  Unitarian  church,  the  First 
Congregational  church,  the  Jewish  synagogue  Emanu-EI, 
and  the  St.  Ignatius  Catholic  church,  which  latter  is  the 
largest  of  all  and  will  accommodate  6000  persons.  San 
Francisco  is  distinguished  for  the  number  and  excellence 
of  its  public  schools,  for  which  there  are  65  city  build- 
ings. In  these  schools  pupils  are  qualified  for  admission  to 
the  State  University  at  Berkely,  which  is  the  culmination  of 
the  free-school  system.  In  addition  to  these  there  are  a 
large  number  of  schools  under  private  or  denominational 
control.  The  higher  institutions  include  the  law,  medical, 
and  dental  departments  of  the  University  of  California,  the 
Cooper  Medical  College,  the  Hahnemann  Medical  College, 
the  School  of  Mechanic  Arts,  founded  by  a  bequest  of 
$540,000  from  James  Lick,  and  the  Academy  of  Sciences, 
enriched  by  another  large  bequest   from  the  same  bene- 


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factor.  The  city  has  a  free  library  of  over  60,000  volumes. 
The  Mercantile  Library  and  the  Mechanics  Institute  have 
nearly  the  same  number,  the  Odd  Fellows'  Library  40,000 
volumes,  and  the  Law  Library  about  25,000.  The  most 
notable  and  costly  residences  are  those  built  and  owned  by 
the  railroad  magnates  on  California  street  hill,  popularly 
known  as  "  Nob  Hill,"  costing  from  $2,000,000  to  $3,000,- 
000  each.  Here  is  the  "  Mark  Hopkins  Institute  of  Art," 
presented  by  Mr.  Edward  F.  Searles,  the  surviving  husband 
of  the  late  Mrs.  Mary  Hopkins-Seurles,  to  the  San  Fran- 
cisco Art  Association  and  the  University  of  California. 

Most  of  the  streets  have  cable  and  electric  railroads, 
nearly  all  of  which  terminate  at  the  ferry-landing  at  the 
foot  of  Market  street.  This  street,  a  broad  thoroughfare 
and  main  business  street  running  S.W.  from  the  bay,  may  be 
said  to  divide  the  city  into  two  sections, — all  the  streets  on 
the  N.  side  of  it  running  at  right  angles  N.  and  S.,  E.  and 
W.,  while  those  on  the  S.  side  are  laid  out  at  right  angles 
running  N.W.  and  S.E.,  N.E.  and  S.W.  from  the  bay  shore. 
The  streets  are  paved  with  Belgian  blocks,  cobble  stones, 
and  bituminous  rock,  except  in  the  outskirts,  which  are 
macadamized.  The  sidewalks  are  now  nearly  all  made  of 
artificial  stone,  which  by  a  recent  law  has  been  made  com- 
pulsory on  all  property  owners.  Kearney  and  Market 
streets  are  the  fashionable  promenades. 

The  climate  is  mild,  healthy,  and  peculiar.  The  record 
for  20  years  shows  the  average  annual  rainfall  to  be  24.11 
inches,  the  mean  temperature  56.5°,  the  average  maximum 
temperature  62.4°,  the  avernge  minimum  temperature 
50.7°.  The  highest  temperature  recorded  was  100°,  the 
lowest  29°.  The  summer  is  so  cool  that  the  people  come 
to  the  city  from  the  interior  to  escape  the  heat;  and  no 
matter  how  warm  it  may  be  in  the  middle  of  the  day,  the 
«vening8  are  always  cool,  so  that  overcoats  or  additional 
wraps  are  needed,  and  one  can  sleep  very  comfortably  under 
heavy  blankets. 

Of  the  six  or  more  railroads  that  terminate  on  the  bay  of 
San  Francisco,  the  Coast  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
alone  terminates  in  San  Francisco,  while  the  others  are 
directly  connected  with  the  city  by  the  steam  ferries. 

San  Francisco  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1850.  Pop. 
in  1860,  56,802;  in  1870,  149,473;  in  1880,  233,959;  in 
1890  (including  about  25,000  Chinese),  298,997;  and  in 
1895,  about  330,000. 

San  Francisco,  a  port  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.    Lat.  30°  45'  N.;  Ion.  113°  40'  W. 

San  Francisco,  township,  Carver  co.,  Minn.    P.  760. 

San  Francisco  Bay,  California,  is  a  landlocked  por- 
tion of  the  Pacific  Ocean  contiguous  to  the  city  of  the  same 
name.  It  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  the  cos.  of  Alameda 
and  Contra  Costa,  and  extends  from  Sonoma  co.  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction  to  Alviso.  Its  length  is  about  55  miles,  includ- 
ing the  northern  part,  called  San  Pablo  Bay.  The  width 
varies  from  3  to  12  miles.  This  bay  forms  an  excellent 
harbor,  which  is  large  enough  to  admit  all  the  navies  of 
Europe  at  once.  The  entrance  to  the  bay  is  a  channel 
called  the  dolden  Gate,  which  is  about  2  miles  wide.  See 
San  Pablo  Bay. 

San  Francisco  de  la  Montana,  s&n  frS,n-sis'ko  d& 
13,  mon-ti'ni,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  N.E.  of  Santiago. 

San  Francisco  de  Limache,  sin  fr&n-sis'ko  dk 
le-m&'ohi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  and  about  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  2999. 

San  Francisco  de  Selva,  Chili.    See  Copiap6. 

San  Francisco  de  Tisnador,  s&n  fr&n-sis'ko  dk 
tees-ni-doR',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Guarico,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Ortiz.     Pop.  9612. 

San  Francis'co  Mountain,  the  highest  peak  in 
Arizona,  is  85  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Prescott,  and  on  the  Col- 
orado plateau,  near  its  S.  border.  Height,  12,561  feet  above 
sea-level.  Lat.  35°  10'  N.;  Ion.  111°  45' W.  It  is  largely 
of  volcanic  origin,  and  rises  5000  feet  above  the  plateau. 
Near  it  are  many  extinct  volcanic  cones. 

San  Francisqnito  (s&n  fr&n-sis-kee'to)  Creek,  a 
small  stream  of  California,  running  in  a  general  E.  course 
between  San  Francisco  and  Santa  Clara  cos.,  falls  into  San 
Francisco  Bay. 

San  Fratello,  s&n  fr&-t£l'lo,  a  town  near  the  N.  coast 
of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  8  miles  E.  of  Santo  Stephano 
di  Camastra.     Pop.  7489. 

Sanfront,  s&n-fr&nt',  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  8  miles  W.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  4900. 

San  Fructuoso,  s&n  frook-too-o'so,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal towns  of  Uruguay,  about  110  miles  N.E.  of  Paysandd. 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  hides,  wool,  and  skins.  Pop. 
3000. 


Sanga,  s&n'g&,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Eioo-Sioo, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Simabara,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Nagasaki.  It 
is  well  and  regularly  built,  and  intersected  by  canals.  It 
has  a  fine  palace  and  a  manufactory  of  porcelain. 

San  Ga'briel  (Sp.  pron.  s&n  g&-bre-dl'),  a  small  river 
of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cat.,  runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  near 
Wilmington. 

San  Gabriel,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  near  the 
W.  extremity  of  Williamson  co.,  and,  flowing  E.,  enters 
Little  River  in  Milam  co.,  a  few  miles  S.W.  of  Cameron. 

San  Gabriel,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
wine,  brandy,  and  raisins.  Near  it  is  the  old  Spanish  mis- 
sion San  Gabriel. 

San  Gabriel,  a  post-office  of  Milam  oo.,  Tez. 

San  Gabriel,  s&n  g&-bre-dr,  a  small  island  of  South 
America,  in  the  estuary  of  the  La  Plata,  22  miles  N.E.  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  in  lat.  34°  30'  S. 

San  Gabriel,  one  of  the  Admiralty  Islands,  in  the 
South  Pacific.     Lat.  2°  11'  S.;  Ion.  147°  28'  E. 

San  Gabriel,  s&n  g&-bre-fil',  a  fort  of  Brazil,  in  Par4, 
on  the  Rio  Negro,  in  lat.  0°  7'  30"  S.,  Ion.  67°  20'  W. 

Sangai,  a  volcano  of  Ecuador.     See  Sakgat. 

Sangalhos,  s&n-gil'yoce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Douro,  12  miles  E.  of  Aveiro,  on  the  Agueda.     P.  2293. 

Sangam'nair,  or  Sangam'ner,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Ahmednuggur.     Pop.  9978. 

Sangamon,  sang'g^mSn,  a  county  near  the  middle 
of  Illinois.  Area,  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sangamon  River,  and  also  drained  by  its 
South  Fork,  and  by  Spring,  Brush,  and  Sugar  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  a  large  portion 
of  it  being  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cattle, 
pork,  and  batter  are  the  staple  products.  The  annual 
production  of  Indian  corn  in  this  county  is  several  million 
bushels.  It  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  the  annual  prod- 
uct of  which  is  about  75,000  tons.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern 
Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  &  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Capital,  Springfield,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state, 
and  is  situated  4  miles  S.  of  the  Sangamon  River.  Pop. 
in  1870,  46,352 ;  in  1880,  52,894:  in  1890,  61,195. 

Sangamon,  a  township  of  Piatt  co..  111.    Pop.  1380. 

Sangamon,  a  station  in  Sangamon  oo..  III.,  on  the 
Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  SpringAeld. 

Sangamon  River,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks,  the  former  of  which  is  the  main  or  longest 
branch.  It  rises  near  Gibson,  and  drains  part  of  Champaign 
CO.,  from  which  it  runs  southwestward  to  the  city  of  De- 
catur. It  next  flows  westward  through  Sangamon  co., 
forms  the  N.  boundary  of  Cass  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois 
River  about  9  miles  above  Beardstown.  The  Sangamon  is 
nearly  240  miles  long,  including  the  North  Fork.  The 
South  Fork  intersects  Christian  co.,  runs  northwestward 
into  Sangamon  co.,  and  joins  the  North  Fork  about  6  miles 
E.  of  Springfield. 

Sangamon  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co., 
111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Decatur. 

Sangar,  s&n-gar',  or  Tsoogar  (Tsugar),  tsoo-gar', 
a  strait  communicating  between  the  North  Pacific  Ocean 
and  the  Sea  of  Japan,  and  separating  the  island  of  Hondo 
on  the  S.  from  that  of  Yesso  on  the  N.  Matsmai,  the  cap- 
ital of  Yesso,  is  situated  on  a  bay  at  the  N.W.  entrance. 

Sangarins,  the  ancient  name  of  Sakareetah. 

San  Gandenzio,  s&n  gdw-ddn'ze-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Florence. 

San  Gavin o,  s&n  g&-vee'no,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  29  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2846. 

Sangay,  s&n-ghl',  a  remarkaole  volcanic  mountain  of 
the  Andes,  in  Ecuador,  about  lat.  2°  7''S.  It  has  a  height  of 
17,120  feet,  and  its  constant  recent  activity  has  covered  the 
surrounding  district  with  lava  and  ashes. 

Sanger,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Oliver  oo.,  N.D., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  37  miles  above  Bismarck. 

Sangerfield,  sang'gh^r-feeld,  a  ])ost-viIlage  in  Sanger- 
field  township,  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  at  Sangerfield  Centre  Sta- 
tion, 23  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  contains  Waterville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3171. 

Sangerhansen,  s&ng'^r-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Harz  Mountains.  Pop.  8475.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens  and  linens. 

San  German,  s&n  B&R-m&n',  a  town  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  island  of  Porto  Rico,  Spanish  West  Indies. 

San  Germano,  s&n  j^R-m&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  pror- 


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ince  of  Caserta,  11  miles  W.  of  Venafro.     Pop.  8766.     It 
ia  supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Gasinum  Aquiniutn. 

San  Geronimo,  sin  Hi-ron'e-mo,  a  small  stream  of 
Marin  cc,  Cal.,  flows  into  the  Pacific.  It  ia  noted  for  its 
galmon-fisheries. 

Sau  Geronimo,  sin  ni-ron'e-mo,  a  town  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia. 

San  Geronimo,  sin  ni-ron'e-mo,  a  village  of  Mex- 
ico, 15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  the  capital. 
San  Geronimo  de  I^a,  Peru.  See  IgA. 
Sangerville,  sang'gh^r-vil,  a' post-hamlet  in  Sanger- 
rille  township,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Piscataquis 
River,  and  on  the  Bangor  <fc  Piscataquis  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  Dover.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1140. 

Sangerville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Ya.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sau  Giacomo,  sin  ji'ko-mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Salerno,  3  miles  S.  of  Diano.     Pop.  3108. 

San  Giacomo  di  Lasiana,  sin  j&'ko-mo  dee  loo- 
se-i'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  government  of  Venice,  17  miles 
N.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2500. 

San  Gil,  sin  Heel,  written  also  Saint  Giles,  a  town 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  department  of  Boyaca, 
64  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  It  was  founded  in  1690.  It 
has  a  college,  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  cotton  cloth,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  6000. 

San  Gimigiano,  sin  je-mee-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Siena.     Pop.  2706. 

San  Gines  de  Agudells  de  Horta.    See  Horta. 
San  Ginesio,  sin  je-ni'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Macerata,  near  the  Fiastrella.     Pop.  5979. 

San  Giorgio,  sin  joR'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Verona,  with  a  fortress  on  the  Adige. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
12  miles  W.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  1374. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  4470. 

San  Giorgio,  or  San  Giorgio  Morgeto,  sin  joR'jo 
mor-gi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Cala- 
bria, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Palmi,     Pop.  5258. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecoe,  9 
miles  E.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  2316. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Asooli-Pi- 
ceno,  10  miles  W.  of  Fermo.     Pop,  3000. 

San  Giorgio  Canavese,  sin  jor'jo  ki-ni-vi'ai,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ivrea,  near 
the  Orca.     Pop.  2917. 

San  Giorgio  di  Lomeliina,  sin  jor'jo  dee  lo-m£l- 
lee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Novara.     P.  2544. 
San  Giorgio  Maggiore,  sin  jor'jo  mid-jo'ri,  an 
island  of  the  Adriatic,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Venice. 

San  Giovanni,  sin  jo-vin'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22 
miles  N.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  3311. 

San  Giovanni  a  Teduccio,  sin  jo-vin'nee  i  ti- 
doo'chee-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  sea,  province  and  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  P.  11,116. 
San  Giovanni  di  Bettola,  sin  jo-vin'nee  dee  bit- 
to'li,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Piaoenza,  on  the  Nura.     It  contains  a  church. 

San  Giovanni  di  Moriano.  See  Saint-Jean-de- 
Maurignne. 

San  Giovanni  di  Patino.    See  Patmos. 

San   Giovanni   Ilarione,  sin  jo-vin'nee  e-li-re- 

o'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3290. 

San  Giovanni  in  Croce,  sin  jo-vin'nee  in  kro'chi, 

a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  2044. 

San  Giovanni  in  Fiore,  sin  jo-vin'nee  in  fe-o'ri, 

a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  9176. 

San  Giovanni  in  Galdo,  sin  jo-vin'nee  in  gil'do, 
a  town  of  Italy,  6  mjles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1761. 
San  Giovanni  in  Medna,  sin  jo-vin'nee  in  mi'- 
doo-i,  a  harbor  of  Albania,  immediately  N.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Drin. 

San  Giovanni  in  Persiceto,  sin  jo-vin'nee  in  dSr- 
«6-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  3290,  or,  with  suburbs,  4678. 

San  Giovanni  Rotondo,  sin  jo-vin'nee  ro-ton'do, 
a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  7358. 

Sangir,  or  Sanguir,  sin-gheer',  an  island  of  the  Ma- 
lay Archipelago,  midway  between  Celebes  and  Mindanao, 
in  lat.  3°  28'  N.,  Ion.  125°  44'  E.  Length,  30  miles; 
average  breadth,  10  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainolis, 
and  in  its  centre  is  a  volcano. 

San  Giuliano,  sin  jool-yi'no,  or  Saint  Ju'lian,  a 
rUlage  and  bay  of  Malta,  li  miles  N.  of  Valetta. 
San  Giuliano  di  Sepino,  sin  jool-yi'no  dee  si- 


pee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  9  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3601. 

San  Giulio,  sin  joo'le-o,  an  island  and  village  of  Italy 
in  the  Lake  of  Orta,  with  a  collegiate  church  and  1400  in- 
habitants. It  is  famous  for  its  heroic  defence  in  the  tenth 
century  by  Villa,  wife  of  Berengarius. 

San  Giuseppe  Jato,  sin  joo-sSp'pi  ji'to,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  province  and  18  miles  S.W<  of  Palermo.    Pop.  5081. 

San  Giustino,  sin  joos-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Umbria,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  4538. 

Sang-Koi,  sing-koi',  Song-Ca,  song-ki',  or  Ton- 
quin  (ton-keen')  River,  rises  in  the  Chinese  province  of 
Yun-Nan,  flows  S.  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin  by 
many  mouths,  between  lat.  20°  and  21°  N.  and  Ion.  106° 
and  107°  E.  Its  total  course  ia  estimated  at  600  miles.  In 
its  upper  part  it  is  called  the  Ho-Ti-Kiang. 

Sango,  sin'go,  a  river  of  Madagascar,  flows  N.W.,  and 
falls  into  the  Channel  of  Mozambique  about  lat.  21°  S., 
after  a  course  of  about  160  miles. 

Sangora,  sin-go'ri,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  a  bay  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Ligor,  in  lat. 
7°  15'  N.,  Ion.  101°  E.  It  is  divided  into  Siamese,  Chi- 
nese, and  Malay  quarters,  is  partly  built  of  brick,  and  on 
the  heights  around  it  are  numerous  pagodas. 

San  Gorgonio,  sin  goR-go'ne-o,  a  station  of  San  Ber- 
nardino CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  (Yuma 
division),  80i  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

San  Gorgonio,  Mount,  California,  is  a  peak  of  th« 
Coast  Range,  near  lat.  33°  48'  N.  Its  altitude  is  estimated 
at  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sangre  de  Cristo,  sin'gri  di  krees'to,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Colorado,  which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the 
San  Luis  Park,  trending  nearly  N.  and  S.  This  range  is 
one  of  the  finest  and  best  defined  in  Colorado,  and  presents 
many  remarkable  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is  Blanca 
Peak,  having  an  altitude  of  14,464  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
"  The  highest  mountains  of  the  range,"  says  Prof.  Endlich. 
"are  formed  by  metamorphics,  among  which  granites  and 
gneissoid  schists  are  the  favorites.  The  Trenchara  group, 
however,  the  highest  peak  of  which  is  over  13,000  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  shows  sedimentary  beds  to  the  very  summit." 

Sangre  de  Cristo,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co.,  Col. 

San  Gregorio,  sin  gri-go're-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2243. 

San  Gregorio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
17  miles  E.  of  Campagna.  Pop.  4732.  An  island  of  Dal- 
matia  and  a  bay  of  Patagonia  have  this  name. 

San  Gregorio,  sin  gri-go're-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  San 
Mateo  CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  valley  of  its  own  name,  near  the  ocean, 

24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Redwood  City.     It  has  a  church. 
Sangro,  sin'gro  (anc.  Sa'grus),  a  river  of  Italy,  prov- 
inces of  Chieti  and  Aquila,  rises  S.E.  of  the  Fucine*  Lake, 
and,  after  an  E.  and  N.E.  course  of  65  miles,  enters  the 
Adriatic  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ortona. 

Sanguesa,  sin-gwi'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 

25  miles  S.E.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     Pop.  3312. 
Sanguinetto,sin-gwee-n5t'to  (the  "rivulet  of  blood"), 

a  rivulet  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  flows  into  the  Lake  of  Pe- 
rugia on  its  N.  side.  Its  banks  are  supposed  to  have  been 
the  chief  scene  of  slaughter  in  the  battle  of  Thrasymeno, 
whence  its  name. 

Sangwin,  sing^gwin'  or  singVeen',  a  river  of  Liberia, 
enters  the  Atlantic  120  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Palmas.  At 
its  mouth  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

San  Ignacio  de  Agafta.    See  AgaSa. 

San'ilac,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Huron,  and  is  drained  by  Black  and  Cass  Rivers, 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  ia  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms,  and 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  Capital, 
Sanilac  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,562;  in  1880,  26,341 ;  in 
1890,  32,589. 

Sanilac,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1988. 

San  Ildefonso,  sin  eel-di-fon'so,  or  La  Granja, 
li  gring'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Segovia,  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  1815. 
The  celebrated  palace  of  La  Granja,  3840  feet  above  the 
sea,  was  built  by  Philip  V.  It  contains  a  rich  church, 
and  many  fine  apartments  and  works  of  art,  and  is  enclosed 
by  grounds  with  splendid  water-works. 

San  Ildefonso,  sin  eel-di-fon'so,  a  group  of  islets 
in  the  South  Atlantic,  80  miles  W.  of  Cape  Horn. 

San  Ildefonso,  sin  eel-di-fon'so,  a  pueblo  or  Indian 


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2385 


SAN 


town  of  New  Mexico,  in  Santa  F6  co.,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Santa 
Fe.     It  has  a  church. 

San  Isidro,  s&n  e-see'dro,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  12  miles  N.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  1200. 

San  Jacinto,  s&n  j%-sin'to,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Texas,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Trinity  River.  It 
18  partly  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  San  Jacinto  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Corn,  cotton,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  an 
area  of  about  640  square  miles.  Capital,  Cold  Spring. 
Pop. in  1S80,  6186;  in  1890,  7360. 

San  Jacinto,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  California  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.  of  San 
Diego,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1890,  661. 

San  JacintO)  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind., 
on  Graham's  Creek,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Madison.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

San  Jacinto,  a  village  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  Galves- 
ton Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  San  Jacinto  River,  about  20 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  ship-yard  and  a  saw- 
mill. It  was  destroyed  by  the  cyclone  of  September,  1875. 
In  April,  1836,  the  Texans  here  gained  a  victory  which 
decided  the  independence  of  Texas. 

San  Jacinto  River,  Texas,  rises  a  few  miles  W.  of 
Huntsville,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Montgomery 
and  Harris  cos.,  and  enters  Galveston  Bay  about  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Houston. 

San  Jaime,  s&n  Hi'm&,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the 
Portuguesa,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Fernando  de  Apure. 

San  Javier  de  Loncomilla,  s&n  H&Ve-aiR'  d&  lon- 
ko-meery&,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Linares.  Pop.  4715. 

San  Joaquin,  s&n  wan-keen',  a  river  of  California, 
rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Fresno  co.,  runs  southwestward  to  Millerton,  and,  turning 
gradually  to  the  right,  enters  the  great  central  valley  of 
California,  in  which  its  general  direction  is  N.N.W.  It 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Merced,  Stanislaus,  and  San  Joaquin, 
and  unites  with  the  Sacramento  River  near  its  mouth, 
which  is  at  the  E.  end  of  Suisun  Bay.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  400  miles.  In  San  Joaquin  co.  it  is  divided  into 
three  channels,  which  are  bordered  by  extensive  tule 
marshes.  The  valley  of  this  river  is  fertile  and  nearly  des- 
titute of  forests.  The  San  Joaquin  is  navigable  for  steam- 
boats of  moderate  size.  Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Merced, 
Tuolumne,  and  Stanislaus  Rivers.  The  North  Fork  of  the 
San  Joaquin  runs  in  a  canon  more  than  3000  feet  deep. 

San  Joaquin,  a  county  of  California,  is  a  part  of  the 
great  central  valley  which  lies  between  the  Coast  Range 
and  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Area,  about  1380  square  miles.  It 
is  partly  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Stanislaus  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin,  Calaveras,  and  Mokel- 
umne  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  a  level  plain,  desti- 
tute of  forests,  except  narrow  fringes  of  oak  trees  growing 
on  the  banks  of  several  rivers.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  cattle,  and  wine  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  produces  in  some  years  more  wheat 
and  more  barley  than  any  other  county  of  the  state,  the 
soil  being  especially  adapted  to  the  growth  of  these  cereals. 
The  northwestern  part  of  the  county  presents  a  vast  ex- 
panse of  marsh,  called  tule  land,  which  is  overgrown  with 
a  species  of  rush  called  tule  and  is  submerged  during  high 
water.  The  area  of  this  marshy  tract  is  said  to  be  200,000 
acres.  In  the  San  Joaquin  valley  the  deposit  of  alluvium  or 
drift  is  so  thick  that  an  artesian  well  was  bored  to  the  depth 
of  1000  feet  before  any  stratum  of  rock  was  reached.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Stockton.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,050  ; 
in  1880,  24,349;  in  1890,  28,629. 

San  Joaquin,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  77  miles  E.  by  S.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco.    Pop.  (1890),  661. 

San  Joaquin,  s&n  Ho-&-keen',  a  town  of  the  depart- 
ment Santander,  of  the  Repnblio  of  Colombia.  It  has 
silver  mines.     Pop.  2500. 

San  Joaquin,  a  village  of  Paraguay,  100  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Assumption.  It  was  founded  by  the  Jesuits  in  1746. 
Pop.  of  the  department  of  San  Joaquin,  14,105. 

Saqjore,  s&n-j5r',  or  Sachore,  s&-ch5r',  a  town  of 
India,  130  miles  W.  of  Odeypoor. 

San  Jorge,  s&n  hor'h&  {i.e.,  "  Saint  George"),  a  river 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  joins  the  Cauca  30  miles 
8.W.  of  Mompox,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  180  miles. 

San  Jorge  d'Olancho,  s&n  hor'h&  do-l&n'cho,  a 
town  of  Honduras,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trujillo  (Truxillo). 

San  Jos6,  s&n  ho-s&',  one  of  the  Pearl  Islands,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Panama,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Iflla  del  Rey. 


San  Jose,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  100 

miles  S.E.  of  Loreto.     Length,  25  miles. 

San  Jos6,  s&n  ho-8&',  a  town  of  Bolivia,  province  of 
Chiquitos.  Lat.  17°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  64"  40'  W,  Pop.  2000. 
Near  it  is  a  chain  of  hills  called  the  Sierra  de  San  Jos£. 

San  Jo86  (Port.  SSo  Joxi,  sdwN*  zho-z&'),  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Parfi,  on  the  Rio  Negro.     Pop.  800. 

San  Jos6,  s&n  ho-sS',  a  township  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.     Pop.  474. 

San  Jos6,  a  city  of  California,  the  county  seat  of  Santa 
Clara  co.,  is  situated  in  the  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  of 
Santa  Clara,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  about  8  miles  from 
its  mouth,  in  San  Francisco  Bay,  and  48  miles  S.E.  of  the 
city  of  San  Francisco,  with  which  and  with  Oakland  it  is 
connected  by  several  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company's  lines.  San  Jos^  has  a  dry  and  delightful 
climate,  and  is  noted  for  its  beautiful  gardens  and  excel- 
lent fruits.  Its  streets  are  wide,  crossing  each  other  at 
right  angles,  are  traversed  by  electric  railways,  and  lighted 
by  gas  and  electric  lights.  The  locality  is  supplied  with 
water  by  pure  mountain  streams  and  by  numerous  artesian 
wells.  San  Jo84  has  a  city  hall,  numerous  churches,  a 
public  library,  a  state  normal  school,  2  high  schools,  the 
Catholic  College  of  Notre  Dame  (for  girls),  a  fine  court- 
house erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $200,000,  a  Hall  of  Records 
and  a  post-office,  each  costing  about  $200,000,  a  national 
bank,  a  commercial  and  savings-bank  with  a  capital  of 
$1,000,000,  5  other  banks,  a  silk-factory,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  several  flonring-mills,  lumber-mills,  tanneries,  ma- 
chine-shops, iron-foundries,  &o.  Three  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  12,567 ;  in 
1890,  18,060. 

San  Jos6  (local  pron.  san  jooe),  a  post-village  of  Mason 
CO.,  111.,  in  Allen's  Grove  township,  on  the  Jacksonville  di- 
vision of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Havana 
&  Rantoul  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Mason  City,  and  22^ 
miles  S.  of  Pekin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  banking-house,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  plough-factory. 

San  Jo86,  or  San  Jos6  del  Interior,  s&n  ho-s&' 
dil  een-t&-re-0R',  a  town,  capital  of  Costa  Rica,  15  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Cartago.  Pop.  18,000.  Since  the  in- 
dependence of  Costa  Rica,  it  has  succeeded  to  the  impor- 
tance of  Cartago,  the  former  capital.  Chief  buildings,  the 
national  palace,  president's  house,  cathedral,  and  college. 
It  has  several  machine-shops  and  manufactories. 

San  Jos6,  s&n  ho-s&',  a  town  of  Uruguay,  about  45 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Montevideo.     Pop.  5000. 

San  Jos6  de  Buenavista,  s&n  ho-8&'  d&  bw&-n&- 
vees'ti,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Panay.     Pop.  7000. 

San  Jos6  de.Flores,  s&n  ho-s&'  d&  Ao'rSs,  a  town 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  6  miles  from  Buenos  Ayres. 

San  3os€  del  Parral,  s&n  ho-s&' ddl  paR-R&l',  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  and  200  miles  N.W.  of  Durango.  Pop. 
5000,  partly  employed  in  the  adjacent  mines. 

San  Jos6  de  Ornna,  s&n  ho-s&'  d&  o-roo'n&,  a  town 
of  Trinidad,  5  miles  E.  of  Port-of-Spain. 

San  Jos6  do  Ribeirfto,  Brazil.    See  Ribeirao. 

San  Juan,  s&n  Hoo-&n',  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, flows  from  the  Andes  through  the  province  of  San 
Juan  E. into  the  Guanacache lagoon. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  Chiquitos  Territory,  trib- 
utary to  the  Aguapehi. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  joins  the  Pilcomayo  S.W. 
of  Cinti,  after  a  N.E.  course  estimated  at  300  miles. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  Mexico,  states  of  Cohahuila,  New 
Leon,  and  Tamaulipas,  joins  the  Rio  Grande  after  an  E. 
course  of  about  150  miles. 

San  Juan,  s&n  Hoo-&n',  a  river  of  Nicaragua,  forming 
the  outlet  for  Lake  Nicaragua  into  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
which  it  enters  at  the  port  of  Grey  Town,  80  miles  S.  of 
the  mouth  of  Bluefields  River.  Course,  E.  Length,  esti- 
mated at  from  90  to  100  miles.  Its  current  is  gentle,  and, 
although  in  some  places  impeded  by  short  rapids,  it  is  navi- 
gable throughout  by  boats  of  from  8  to  10  tons,  and  by  ves- 
sels of  a  much  larger  burden  for  a  considerable  distance.  In 
its  lower  part  it  sends  off  several  branches,  the  chief  being 
the  Colorado,  of  importance  in  connection  with  the  scheme 
for  uniting  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  by  a  ship-canal. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Cauca,  enters  the  Pacific  35  miles  N.W.  of  Buena- 
ventura, after  a  S.W.  oourse  estimated  at  150  miles. 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Cuba,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Havana. 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Cuba,  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  San- 
tiago de  Cuba. 

San  Juan,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  105  mUes  W 
<  f  Chihuahua. 


SAN 


2386 


SAN 


San  JnaU)  e&n  HOO-&n',  a  town  of  Hayti,  near  the  centre 
of  the  island,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Santo  Domingo. 

San  Jnan^  a  village  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Zulia,  24 
miles  W.  of  Merida.  Near  it  is  a  lake  abounding  in  car- 
bonate of  soda. 

San  JuaU)  Nicaragua.  See  San  Juan  del  Sur,  and 
Grey  Town. 

San  Juan«  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Guahan. 

San  Juan  (Sp.  pron.  sin  Hoo-in'),  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Colorado,  is  drained  by  the  Animas  River,  the  Un- 
compahgre  River,  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is 
very  mountainous,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  ever- 
green trees.  It  comprises  Mount  JBolus  and  Sultan  Moun- 
tain, peaks  of  the  San  Juan  Mountains.  It  has  rich  mines 
of  silver.  Copper,  galena,  coal,  and  granite  are  also  found 
here.  Area,  500  square  miles.  Capital,  Silverton.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1087;  in  1890,  1572. 

San  Juan,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Washington. 
Area,  600  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  island  of  San 
Juan  and  other  islands  in  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuoa  and 
Gulf  of  Georgia,  near  the  northern  end  of  Puget  Sound. 
Capital,  Friday  Harbor.     Pop.  in  1880,  948 ;  in  1890,  2072. 

San  Juan,  s&n  Hw&n,  a  township  of  Los  Angelei  co., 
Cal.     Pop.  445. 

San  Juan,  a  post-village  of  San  Benito  co,  Cal.,  is  in 
a  fertile  valley  on  the  San  Benito  River,  about  44  miles 
6.S.E.  of  San  Jos6,  and  6  miles  from  Hollister.  It  has  3 
or  4  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  drag-store. 

San  Juan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinsdale  co..  Col.,  120  miles 
from  Canon  City. 

San  Juan,  sin  Hoo-&n'  (or  Hw&n),  a  poat-offioe  of  Rio 
Arriba  co..  New  Mexico. 

San  Juan,  a  post-village  of  San  Juan  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  island  of  San  Juan,  about  125  miles  N.  of  Olympia. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  lime-kiln,  and  a  valuable  fishery  in 
Puget  Sound. 

San  Juan,  or  San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  sin 
Hoo-in'  dk  li  fron-ti'ri,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, between  lat.  30°  and  32°  S.  and  Ion.  68°  and  70°  W., 
having  W.  the  Andes,  N.  the  province  of  Rioja,  and  S.  the 
province  of  Mendoza.  Area,  23,285  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, San  Juan  de  la  Frontera.     Pop.  60,319. 

San  Juan,  Patagonia.     See  Sedger. 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Chachapotas. 

San  Juan  Bautista,  sin  Hoo-&n'  bow-tees't&,  or 
San  Juan  Baptista  del  Pao,  sin  noo-in'  bip-tees'ti 
d§l  pi'o,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas,  on 
the  Pao,  an  aflSuent  of  the  Portuguesa. 

San  Juan  Bautista  (or  Baptista)  (formerly  Villa 
Herinosa),  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Ta- 
basco, on  the  river  Tabasco,  about  70  miles  from  its  mouth. 

San  Juan  Bautista  (or  Baptista)  del  Rio 
Grande,  sin  Hoo-in'  bSw-tees'ti  dSl  ree'o  grin'di,  a 
town  of  Mexico,  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cohahuila. 

San  Juan  Chinameca,  sin  Hoo-in'  che-ni-mi'ki, 
a  town  of  San  Salvador,  15  miles  N.  of  San  Miguel. 

San  Juan  de  Fuca,  North  America.     See  FucA. 

San  Juan  de  Juebal,  sin  Hoo-in'  di  Hwi-Bil',  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  60  miles  N.  of  San  Joan 
de  la  Frontera. 

San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  capital  of  the  province  of  San  Juan,  on  the  Rio 
Ban  Juan,  120  miles  N.  of  Mendoza.     Pop.  8353. 

San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  Peru.  See  Chachapoyas. 

San  Juan  de  los  Llanos,  sin  noo-in'  di  loceli'- 
noce,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cun- 
dinamarca,  on  the  Guaviare,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bogota. 

San  Juan  de  los  Remedios,  Cuba.  See  Reuedios. 

San  Juan  del  Puerto,  sin  Hoo-in'  dSl  pwdR'to, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva, 
near  the  Rio  Tinto.     Pop.  1951. 

San  Juan  del  Rio,  sin  Hoo-in'  dSl  ree'o,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Queretaro,  on  the  route 
to  Mexico.     Pop.  10,000.     It  has  silver-mines. 

San  Juan  del  Sur,  sin  Hoo-in'  dSl  soor,  a  port  of 
Nicaragua,  on  the  Pacific,  24  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Nica- 
ragua, and  the  maritime  harbor  nearest  to  that  city. 

San  Juan  de  Mieres,  sin  Hoo-in'  di  me-i'rfis,  a 
town  of  Spain,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1819. 

San  Juan  de  Nicaragua.    See  Grey  Town. 

San  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico,  sin  Hoo-in'  di  pw8R- 
to  ree'ko,  the  principal  city  and  seaport  of  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico,  capital  of  the  colony,  and  of  the  province  of 
Bayamon,  on  a  small  island  off  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  13°  29' 
N. :  Ion.  66°  7'  2"  W.  Pop.  27,000.  It  is  fortified  and 
walled,  regularly  laid  out,  well  drained,  and  one  of  the  best 
and  healthiest  towns  in  the  West  Indies.     The  principal 


edifices  are  the  bishop's  palace  and  seminary,  the  royal 
military  hospital,  old  government  house,  a  large  cathedral, 
custom-house,  town  house,  with  a  fine  hall,  a  handsome 
theatre,  arsenal,  and  jail.  The  town  is  the  seat  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  superior  courts  of  the  island  and  of  many 
schools.     The  harbor  is  defended  by  forts,  and  is  very  safe. 

San  Juan  de  Ulua,  sin  ju'an  (or  sin  noo-in')  di  oo- 
loo'i,  often  called  San  Juan  de  Ulloa,  sin  Hoo-in'  di 
ool-yo'i,  a  castle,  defending  the  harbor  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mex- 
ico, on  an  islet  a  little  N.E.  of  that  city. 

San  Juan  Mountains,  or  Sierra  San  Juan,  se- 
fiR'ri  sin  Hoo-in',  Colorado,  a  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
system,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  San  Luis  Park.  The 
Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  Rio  Animas,  and  Rio  San  Miguel 
rise  in  this  range,  which  is  sometimes  called  Sierra  Mim- 
bres,  and  is  composed  mainly  of  volcanic  rocks.  Rich  silver- 
mines  have  been  opened  in  these  mountains.  Among  the 
highest  peaks  of  tnis  range  are  Mount  Snefi'els,  Mount 
Wilson  (14,280  feet).  Mount  Canby,  Mount  Kendall,  and 
Uncompahgre  Peak  (14,235  feet). 

San  Juan  Orotava,  Canaries.  See  Orotata,  and 
PoERTo  DE  Orotava. 

San  Juan  River.    See  Rio  de  San  Juan. 

San  Julian,  Patagonia.    See  Saint  Julian. 

San^kasseer',  or  San^keshwar',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  8905. 

Sankt  Gotthard,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Gothard. 

San  Lazzaro,  sin  lid'zi-ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  1  mile 
N.E.  of  Placentia.  It  has  a  college,  founded  by  Cardinal 
Alberoni,  with  a  library  of  20,000  volumes  and  some  good 
collections.     Pop.  of  commune,  7383. 

San  Lazzaro,  an  islet  in  the  lagoons  of  Venice,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city,  famous  for  its  Armenian  monastery. 

San  liCandro,  sin  li-in'dro,  a  post-village  of  Ala- 
meda CO.,  Cal.,  is  on  a  creek  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  £.  by  S.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

San  Leo,  sin  li'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  San  Marino.     Pop.  of  commune,  3849. 

San  Leonardo,  sin  li-o-naR'do,  a  fort  in  the  harbor 
of  the  island  of  Favignana,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily. 

San  Lorenzo,  sin  lo-rdn'zo  (Sp.  pron.  sin  lo-r£n'tho), 
a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Gran  Canaria, 
5  miles  from  Las  Palmas. 

San  Lorenzo,  sin  lo-rdn'zo,  a  seaport  village  of  Aus- 
tria-Hungary, in  Istria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  22  miles 
S.8.W.  of  Triest. 

San  Lorenzo,  sin  lo-rin'tho,  a  river  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  joins  the  Vermejo  from  the  W.,  56  miles  N.  of 
Corrientes.     Length,  120  miles. 

San  Lorenzo,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  32 
miles  from  Santa  F6. 

San  Lorenzo,  a  village  of  Paraguay,  18  miles  from 
Assumption. 

San  Lorenzo  (Sp.  pron.  sin  lo-rSn'tho),  a  post-village 
of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  manufactures  of 
salt,  ploughs,  wagons,  and  canned  or  preserved  fruits. 

San  Lorenzo  de  la  Frontera,  sin  lo-rSn'tho  di  li 
fron-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  near  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra, 
on  the  Guapai.     Pop.  4000. 

San  Lorenzo  de  la  Muga,  sin  lo-r£n'tho  di  li 
moo'gi,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  21  miles  N 
of  Gerona.     Pop.  1119. 

San  Lorenzo  Maggiore,  sin  lo-r£n'zo  mid-j6'ri,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Piedimonte.     Pop.  1978. 

San  Lucar  de  Barrameda,  sin  loo'kar  di  baR-Ri- 
mi'ni,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles 
N.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir,  at  its 
mouth.  Lat.  36°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  21'  W.  Its  streets  are 
broad  and  straight,  and  it  is  a  fine  town,  although  dull  and 
decaying.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  prison,  barracks 
for  the  garrison,  the  town  house,  a  hospital,  house  of  refuge, 
foundling  hospital,  and  poor's  school.  Agriculture  and 
fishing  are  the  chief  occupations.  At  Bonanza,  a  short 
distance  from  San  Lucar,  are  the  pier  and  custom-house. 
It  was  here  that  Columbus  embarked  on  his  third  voyage. 
May  30,  1498.  Magellan  also  started  from  hence  August 
10,  1519,  for  the  first  voyage  in  which  the  world  was  cir- 
cumnavigated.    Pop.  18,130. 

San  Lucar  la  Mayor,  sin  loo'kar  li  mi-oR'  (ano. 
Luciferi  Forum  t),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  11  miles 
W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  3381. 

San  Luis,  or  San  Luis  de  la  Punta,  sin  loo-ees'  di 
li  poon'ti,  a  city  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  capital  of  » 


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province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  W.  slope  of  one  of  the 
knolls  of  the  Sierra  de  Cordova,  2417  feet  above  the  sea- 
level,  428  miles  W.N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  3748. 

San  Lnis,  sin  loo'is  (Sp.  pron.  s&n  loo-ees'),  a  village 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Minorca.     Pop.  1938. 

San  liUiS)  a  central  province  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic. Area,  3426  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  diversified, 
and  in  part  unpeopled,  though  adapted  to  pasturage.  Gold, 
copper,  and  salt  abound.    Capital,  San  Luis.     Pop.  53,294. 

San  Lu'is,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Costilla  co..  Col., 
ia  in  the  San  Luis  Park,  about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Pueblo, 
and  14  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  blankets  and  flour.     Pop.  about  400. 

San  Luis  de  la  Paz,  ekn  loo-ees'  d&  1&  p&z,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guanajuato.  Some 
villages  named  San  Luis  are  in  the  Mexican  state  of  Puebla. 

San  Luis  de  Potosi,  Bolivia.    See  Potosi. 

San  Lu'is  Obis'po  (Sp.  pron.  sin  loo-ees'  o-bees'po), 
a  southwestern  county  of  California,  has  an  area  of  about 
3404  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Coast 
Range,  on  the  S.  by  the  Santa  Maria  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  drained  by  a  branch  of 
the  Salinas  River  and  the  Arroyo  Grande.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  This  county  contains 
several  fertile  valleys  and  much  hilly  land  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. The  staple  products  are  cattle,  wool,  hides,  barley, 
and  cheese.  Among  its  minerals  are  copper,  cinnabar,  and 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pacific  Coast  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  San  Luis  Obispo,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4772;  in  1880,  9142;  in  1890,  16,072. 

San  Luis  Obispo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Luis 
Obispo  CO.,  Cal.,  is  about  8  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  90  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1874,  and  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
6  churches.  A  railroad  10  miles  long  connects  it  with  Port 
Harford.     Pop.  in  1880,  2243;  in  1890,  2995. 

San  Luis  Park  or  Valley  is  mostly  in  Colorado, 
and  partly  in  Taos  co..  New  Mexico.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  and  N.E.  by  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  and  on  the  W. 
and  N.W.  by  the  San  Juan  Mountains  and  the  Saguache 
Range.  The  Rio  Grande  runs  southward  through  the 
middle  of  this  park,  which  is  irrigated  by  numerous  moun- 
tain-streams which  are  lost  in  the  sand  after  a  short  course. 
This  is  the  largest  of  the  parks  of  Colorado,  and  is  about 
140  miles  long  and  averages  60  miles  in  width.  The  area  ia 
estimated  to  be  8400  square  miles,  and  the  surface  is  ele- 
vated about  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile,  but  is  not  well  watered,  and  requires  arti- 
ficial irrigation.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  basaltic 
mesa«  or  plateaus.  Forests  of  fir  and  pine  cover  the  slopes 
of  the  mountains  which  environ  the  park  on  all  sides  ex- 
cept the  S.  It  presents  a  vast  expanse  of  level  land  on 
which  sand  and  alkali  abound. 

San  Luis  Potosi,  sin  loo-ees'  po-to-see',  a  state  of 
Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  New  Leon,  E.  by  Tamauli- 
pas,  S.E.  by  Vera  Cruz,  8.  by  Queretaro  and  Guanajuato, 
and  E.  by  Zaoatecas.  Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  206 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  near  the  S.  frontier,  165  miles. 
Area,  27,494  square  miles.  In  the  W.  it  is  mountainous, 
but  towards  the  E.  becomes  only  broken  and  hilly,  and  in 
the  S.E.  spreads  out  into  plains.  The  only  important  rivers 
are  the  Santander,  which  traverses  the  state  from  W.  to  E., 
and  the  Tampico  or  Panuco,  which  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  it  and  Tamaulipas.  The  mountainous 
districts  abound  with  excellent  pastures,  on  which  great 
numbers  of  cattle  are  reared ;  and  the  arable  districts  are 
remarkable  for  their  fertility.  Manufactures  have  made 
•ome  progress,  and  include  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics  of 
excellent  quality,  glass,  leather,  pottery,  and  metallic  wares. 
Many  valuable  mines  have  been  discovered,  and  are  worked 
to  some  extent.     Pop.  (1882)  516,486. 

San  Luis  Potosi,  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
above  state,  is  situated  near  the  sources  of  the  Tampico  and 
Rio  Grande  Rivers,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guanajuato.  Pop. 
35,000.  It  is  regularly  built  and  clean.  The  houses  in  the 
best  streets  are  of  stone,  and  two  stories  in  height ;  in  the 
suburbs  they  are  of  sun-dried  brick.  The  chief  edifices  are 
a  noble  government  house  and  many  fine  churches^  Its 
markets  are  well  supplied,  and  it  has  an  active  trade  in  its 
home-manufactured  goods  and  foreign  imports,  which  com- 
prise French  brandy,  wines,  silks,  and  woollens,  English 
printed  cottons  and  hardwares.  North  American  cottons, 
Ac.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

San  Lu'is  Rey,  ri,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Diego  oo., 
Cal.,  on  the  San  Luis  Rey  River,  about  90  miles  S.E.  of 
Los  Angeles,  and  3  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  2  churches. 


San  Marcello  Pistojese,  sin  maR-chfll'lo  pis-to- 
yi'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  18  miles  N. 
of  Pistoja.     Poj).  of  commune,  4508. 

San  Marcial,  sin  miR-the-il',  a  post-village  of  So- 
corro CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  170  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Santa  ¥6.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

San  Marco,  sin  maR'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cosenza.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  2738. 

San  Marco,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Patti.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  a  Roman 
bridge.     Pop.  2253. 

San  Marco  in  Catola,  sin  maR'ko  in  ki-to'li,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Ban 
Severe.     Pop.  4290. 

San  Marco  in  Lamis,  sin  maa'ko  in  li'mis,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Se- 
vere.    Pop.  14,540. 

San  Marcos,  sin  mas'koce,  a  small  post-village  of 
San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  73  miles  S.S.E.  of  Soledad.  It 
has  a  church,  2  public  schools,  and  3  saloons. 

San  Marcos,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hays  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  San  Marcos  River,  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Aus- 
tin, and  44  miles  N.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  banks,  the  Coronal 
Institute  (Methodist),  4  churches,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2335. 

San  Marcos  River,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Hays  co., 
runs  S.E.,  forms  the  boundary  between  Caldwell  and  Gua- 
dalupe COS.,  and  enters  the  Guadalupe  at  Gonzales. 

San  Marino,  sin  mi-ree'no,  or  Sammarino,  sim- 
mi-ree'no,  a  town  and  republic  of  Italy,  forming  one  of 
the  smallest  and  most  ancient  states  in  Europe,  enclosed  on 
all  sides  by  the  provinces  of  Italy,  in  lat.  43°  58'  N.,  Ion. 
12°  21'  E.  Area,  22  square  miles.  It  consists  of  a  craggy 
mountain  about  2200  feet  in  height,  on  which  is  the  town, 
and  some  circumjacent  territories,  with  4  or  5  villages. 
The  town,  built  around  a  hermitage  founded  in  441,  is  ac- 
cessible by  only  one  road,  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  has 
3  forts.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  governor's  palace, 
the  town  hall,  6  churches,  one  having  the  tomb  and  statue 
of  Marinus  (or  San  Marino),  schools  and  museums,  a  theatre, 
2  convents,  and  2  vast  cisterns  for  the  use  of  the  public. 
The  more  wealthy  citizens  reside  in  the  suburb  called  the 
Borgo.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  occupied  in  rural  in- 
dustry and  silk-manufactures.  The  legislature  of  the  re- 
public is  a  senate  of  60  members,  elected  for  life,  equally 
from  the  ranks  of  nobles,  citizens,  and  peasants.  Two  capi- 
tani  reggenti,  or  presidents,  are  chosen  every  six  months. 
Two  legal  functionaries  and  two  secretaries  of  state  are  the 
other  public  officers.  The  military  consists  of  950  men, 
forming  the  guard  of  the  regency.  Total  pop.  7816,  of 
whom  6000  are  in  the  town. 

San  Marino,  san  mg,-ree'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Din- 
widdle CO.,  Va.,  12  miles  S.  of  Ford's  Depot.  It  has  2 
churches. 

San  Martin,  sin  maR-teen',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Ara- 
gon,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  70  miles,  joins  the  Ebro  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hijar. 

San  Martin,  sin  maR-teen',  a  village  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  and  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cordova. 

San  Martin,  a  national  territory  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  between  the  limits  of  Cundinamarca  and  the 
Brazilian  frontier.     It  is  mostly  a  forest-region.     P.  4056. 

San  Martin  de  Acayucan,  Mexico.  See  Acayucan. 

San  Martin  de  Trevcjo,sinmaK-teen'ditri-vi'Ho, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  .37  miles  S.W.  of  Salamanca. 
It  has  oil-mills  and  woollen-manufactures.     Pop.  1797. 

San  Martin  de  Unx,  sin  maR-teen'  di  oonk,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Pamplona.    P.  1341. 

San  Martin  de  Yal  de  Iglesias,  sin  maR-teen'  di 
vil  di  ee-gli'se-is,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province  and 
10  miles  N.AV.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3458. 

San  Martine,  sin  mar-teen',  a  station  in  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Gilroy. 

San  Martinho.    See  SIo  Martinho. 

San  Martinho  dos  Mouros*    See  SIo  Marththp 

DE  MoUROS. 

San  Martin,  Patagonia.    See  Saikt  Martin. 

San  Martino,  sin  maR-tee'no,  a  village  of  Austria, 
district  of  Triest,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  GSritr. 

San  Martino,  sin  maR-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Campobasso,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  4026. 

San  Martino,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Mantua,  near  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2661. 

San  Martino,  a  village  of  Sicily,  6  miles  W.  of  Pa- 
lermo, has  a  Benedictine  abbey,  with  a  rich  librarv.  and 
museums  of  natural  history,  coins,  and  antiquities. 


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San  Martino  de  Lupari,  s&n  maR-tee'no  d&  loo-p&'- 
reo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Padua,  10  miles  from 
Civitella.     Pop.  2696. 

San  Mateo,  sin  m4-t4'o,  a  western  county  of  Califor- 
nia, has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E-  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  northern  part  is  contiguous  to 
San  Francisco.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  valleys,  hills, 
and  mountains,  some  of  which  are  about  3000  feet  high, 
and  are  covered  with  forests  of  oak  and  redwood,  an  excel- 
lent timber  tree.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  the  climate 
very  mild  and  healthy.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  opu- 
lent citizens  of  San  Francisco  who  have  elegant  country- 
seats  and  gardens  in  this  county.  Butter,  cheese,  hay,  bar- 
ley, lumber,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  near  the  E.  border  by  a  branch  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Redwood 
City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6635 ;  in  1880,  8669 ;  in 
1890.  10,087. 

San  Mateo,  sin  mL-tk'o,  a  mountain-pass  of  South 
America,  in  lat.  11°  48'  S.     Height,  15,760  feet. 

San  Mateo,  sin  mi-ti'o,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cumand.    See  SXo  Matheos. 

San  Mateo,  s&n  mi-ti'o,  or  Yega  de  San  Mateo, 
vi'gi  di  sin  mi-ti'o,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  island 
of  Gran  Canaria. 

San  Mateo,  a  post- village  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  W.  side  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  and  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office. 

San  Mateo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  St.  John's  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has 
a  union  chapel,  a  free  school,  and  several  orange-groves 
and  sulphur  springs. 

San  J^lateo,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co..  New  Mexico, 
near  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  about  60  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Albuquerque. 

San  MauTO  Castelverde,  sin  mow'ro  kis-tSl-vjR'- 
di,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Palermo,  19  miles  S.E. 
of  Cefam.     Pop.  60.36. 

San  Miguel,  sin  me-ghfil',  a  small  river  of  Texas, 
rises  in  Medina  co.,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  falls  into  Rio  Frio. 

San  Miguel,  sin  me-ghfil',  a  gulf  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  forms  an  indentation  of  the  Bay  of  Panama,  on 
the  E.  side,  about  lat.  8°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  W. 

San  Miguel,  sin  me-ghil',  a  western  county  of  Colo- 
rado, has  an  area  of  about  1300  square  miles.  Capital, 
Telluride.     Pop.  in  1890,  2909. 

San  Miguel,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Mex- 
ico. Area,  about  13,246  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Canadian  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Pecos  River.  A  range  of  high  mountains  extends  along 
the  W.  border  of  the  county,  which  also  contains  extensive 
table-lands  or  valleys.    The  soil  is  fertile,  if  irrigated,  and 

? reduces  pasture  for  many  sheep  and  cattle.  Wool  and 
ndian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals 
are  granite  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Las  Vegas. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,058;  in  1880,  20,638;  in  1890,  24,204. 

San  Miguel,  a  post-office  of  San  Francisco  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

San  Miguel,  a  hamlet  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  75 
miles  from  Soledad.     It  has  a  church. 

San  Miguel,  a  village  of  San  Miguel  oo..  New  Mexico, 
on  the  Pecos,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Las  Vegas.  It  has  a 
church. 

San  Miguel,  sin  me-ghSl',  a  village  of  Bolivia,  state 
of  Chiqnitos,  160  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 
Pop.  about  3000.     See  Magdalena. 

San  Miguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  35  miles  N. 
of  Parahiba. 

San  Miguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  180  miles  W.N.W.  of  Porto  Alegre. 

San  Miguel,  sin  me-ghSl',  a  town  of  San  Salvador,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  sometimes  called  the  Sirana,  80 
miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.  It  has  many 
substantial  houses,  partly  constructed  of  lava.  The  vol- 
cano of  San  Miguel  stands  at  some  distance  S.W.  of  the 
town.     Trade  is  chiefly  in  indigo.     Pop.  9000  to  10,000. 

San  Miguel,  a  volcano  of  San  Salvador,  which  rises 
from  low  level  ground  to  the  height  of  about  5000  feet,  has 
a  base  of  several  leagues  in  circuit,  and  has  sent  forth  re- 
peated discharges  of  volcanic  matter  at  intervals. 

San  Miguel,  a  harbor  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
an  inlet  in  the  Gulf  of  San  Miguel,  having  an  entrance 
about  6  miles  wide,  and  extending  about  8  miles  inland, 
with  soundings  in  from  8  to  15  fathoms.     It  communicates 


at  its  inner  part  with  Darien  Harbor,  through  two  pas- 
sages. Darien  Harbor  has  a  depth  of  from  9  to  14  fathoms 
at  low  water,  is  about  16  miles  long  by  6  miles  broad,  and 
completely  sheltered.  These  two  harbors  have  been  pointed 
out  as  furnishing  an  eligible  termination  to  a  tidal  inter- 
oceanic  canal  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific. 

San  Miguel  de  Pal  ma.    See  Palma. 

San  Miguel  de  Piura,  Peru.    See  Piura. 

San  Miguel  de  Tucuman.    See  Tucuman. 

San  Miguel  el  Grande,  sin  me-ghdl'  il  grin'di,  a 
town  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles  E.  of  Guanajuato.  Pop. 
about  10,000.  It  has  mine^l  springs  and  a  large  trade  in 
cotton. 

San  Miguel  River.    See  Rio  San  Miguel. 

San  Miniato,  sin  me-ne-i'to,  or  Samminiato, 
sim-me-ne-i'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flor- 
ence, on  the  Amo.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral 
Pop.  2213. 

Sanna,  sin'ni,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  Bosnia,  flows 
first  S.E.,  then  circuitously  N.W.  to  Novi,  where  it  joins  the 
Unua,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 

Sannagh  Island,  Pacific.    See  Halibttt  Island. 

San'nemin,  or  Sau'nemin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  111.,  in  Sannemin  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Pon- 
tiac.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  974. 

San  Nicandro,  sin  ne-kin'dro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bari.     Pop.  6297. 

San  Nicandro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  peninsula  of 
Gargano,  10  miles  E.  of  Lesina.     Pop.  7895. 

San  Niccolo,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Porto  Tolle. 

San  Nicola,  sin  ne-ko'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  district  of  Caserta.     Pop.  3214. 

San  Nicolas,  sin  nee'ko-Iis  (Port.  Sao  Nicolao,  sdwN* 
ne-ko-li'o),  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the  Atlan 
tic,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  group,  in  lat.  16°  35'  N.,  Ion 
24°  15'  W.  Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  15  miles.  Pop 
6000.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  chief  town,  San 
Nicolas,  has  1400  inhabitants,  and  is  the  residence  of  the 
bishop  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands. 

San  Nicolas,  sin  nee'ko-lis,  a  city  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  on  the  Parand,  50  miles  by  rail  below  Rosario. 

San  Nicolo,  sin  ne-ko'lo,  one  of  the  Tremiti  Islands, 
is  a  volcanic  island  in  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

San  Nicolo,  sin  ne-ko'lo,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Tinos,  Grecian  Archipelago,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island. 
Pop.  4000.     It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral. 

San  Nicolo,  a  small  seaport  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
Grecian  island  of  Cerigo. 

San  Nicolo,  a  small  town  of  the  Grecian  island  of 
Paxo,  opposite  which  there  is  good  anchorage. 

San  Nicolo,  a  port  of  the  Grecian  island  of  Santorini, 
below  the  town  of  Epanomeria.  It  is  a  fine  harbor  of  the 
shape  of  a  half-moon,  but  too  deep  for  anchoring. 

Sannio,  a  province  of  Italy.     See  Campobasso. 

Sannois,  san^nwi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  2687. 

Sanok,  si'nok,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  38  miles 
S.W.  of  Jaroslaw.     Pop.  2809. 

San  Pablo,  sin  pi'blo,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  valley  near  the  S.  shore  of  San  Pablo  Bay, 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Oakland.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1075. 

San  Pablo  Bay,  California,  is  the  northern  part  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  and  touches  the  cos.  of  Sonoma,  Contra 
Costa,  and  Marin.  It  is  connected  with  Suisun  Bay  by  the 
Strait  of  Carquinez,  the  only  outlet  of  all  the  water  which 
is  collected  in  the  great  central  valley  of  the  state. 

San  Pancrazio,  sin  pin-krid'ze-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
2  miles  W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  4279. 

San  Pantaleo,  sin  pin-ti-li'o,  an  islet  ofiT  the  W. 
coast  of  Sicily,  5  miles  N.  of  Marsala,  with  ruins  of  the 
ancient  Motya. 

San  Pantaleo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division  and  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1476. 

San  Paolo  de  Loanda.  See  Saint  Paul  db  Loanda. 

San  Pasqual,  sin  pis-kwil',  a  post-office  of  San  Diego 
CO.,  Cal. 

San  Patricio,  sin  pi-tree'se-o,  a  county  in  the  S.  part 
of  Texas,  bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of 
about  630  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Aransas  River,  on  the  S.  by  Corpus  Christi  Bay,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Rio  Neuces.  The  surface  is  low  and  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  produces  pasture  for  large  numbers  of  cattle,  which  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  San 
Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroad.  Capital,  Sharpsburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  602;  in  1880,  1010;  in  1890,  1312. 


SAN 


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SAN 


San  Patricio,  a  post-village  of  Sabine  parish,  La., 
kboat  60  miles  S.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  oharohes. 

San  Patricio,  a  small  post- village,  capital  of  San 
Patricio  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Nueces,  about  20  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Corpus  Christi.  It  has 
a  convent  and  a  church. 

San  Paulo,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Paulo. 

San  Pedro,  s&n  p&'dro,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co., 
Arizona. 

San  Pedro,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Tex. 

San  Pe'dro  (Sp.  pron.  sin  pi'dro),  a  bay  and  inlet  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  California,  105  miles  S.£.  of  Santa 
Barbara,  in  lat.  33°  48'  N. 

San  Pedro,  s&n  p&'dro,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tabasco,  tributary  to  the  Usumasinta,  which  it  joins  near 
Its  mouth  in  the  Tabasco  River. 

San  Pedro,  s&n  pi'dro,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, 258  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cordova. 

San  Pedro,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  the  Mamore  River, 
in  lat.  14°  S.,  Ion.  64°  48'  W. 

San  Pedro,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Cundinamarca,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia. 

San  Pedro,  sin  pee'dro  (Port.  Sao  Pedro,  sSwn»  pi'- 
dro),  a  town  of  Portuguese  India,  2  miles  W.  of  Goa  (Old). 

San  Pedro  Carcha,  Guatemala.    See  Carcha. 

San  Pedro  de  Buena  Vista.    See  Buenavista. 

San  Pedro  de  Ribas,  sin  pi'Dro  di  ree'Bis,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  about  24  miles  from  Barcelona. 

San  Pedro  y  San  Pablo,  Rio  de,  ree'o  di  sin 

Si'dro  e  sin  pi'blo  ("River  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul"), 
[exico,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  10  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Tabasco. 

San  Pete,  a  large  county  of  Utah,  borders  on  Colorado. 
It  is  intersected  by  Green  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  White 
and  San  Pete  Rivers.  The  Wahsatch  Mountains  extend 
through  this  county  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction.  Near  the 
western  base  of  this  range  is  the  San  Pete  Valley,  which  is 
about  44  miles  long  and  is  said  to  be  beautiful  and  fertile. 
It  is  watered  by  the  San  Pete  River.  Wheat,  wool,  lumber, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral 
resources  is  bituminous  coal.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rio 
Grande  Western  Railroad.  Area,  about  1784  square  miles. 
Capital,  Manti.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,557;  in  1890,  13,146. 

San  Pier  d'Arena,  sin  pe-iR'  di-ri'ni,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  2  miles  W.  of  Genoa.  Pop.  16,509.  It 
has  iron-foundries,  sugar-refineries,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

San  Piero  a  Sieve,  sin  pe-i'ro  i  se-i'vi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2079. 

San  Pierre,  san  p?-air',  a  post-village  of  Starke  co., 
Ind.,  in  Railroad  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

San  Pierre  d'Albigny,  sin  pe-aiR'  diPbeenVee' 
(ano.  Pagua  Albinenaia  f),  a  village  of  Savoy,  near  the  Isdre, 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chamb^ry.     Pop.  of  commune,  3262. 

San  Pietro,  sin  pe-i'tro,  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Sardinia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Antioco.  Length,  7  miles; 
breadth,  5  miles.  « 

San  Pietro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  13  miles 
W.  of  Messina.    Pop.  4761. 

San  Pietro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  in 
a  ravine  of  the  mountain  above  Patti.     Pop.  2388. 

San  Pietro  in  Casale,  sin  pe-i'tro  in  ki-si'li,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  of  commune,  8480. 

San-Poo,  sin-poo'  or  sin-po',  written  also  Dzanbo 
and  Dzanvo,  a  large  river  of  Thibet,  rises  near  lat.  30° 
4C'  N.,  Ion.  82°  E.,  flows  eastward,  receiving  numerous  af- 
Caonts,  and  has  been  traced  as  far  as  Ion.  93°  E.,  beyond 
which  point  it  is  believed  to  be  continuous  with  the  Dihong, 
a  chief  arm  of  the  Brahmapootra.     See  Brahmapootra. 

San  Quen'tin  (Sp.  pron.  sin  kwdn-teen'),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Bay  of 
San  Francisco,  Hi  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.  Here  is  the 
state  prison  of  California.  The  village  is  on  a  branch  of 
the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  and  has  manufactures  of 
furniture,  shoes,  harness,  and  saddles. 

Sanquhar,  sank'k^r,  a  town  of  Sootland,  co.  and  26 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Nith.  Pop.  1252. 
It  has  a  handsome  parish  church,  town  hall,  several  schools, 
a  subscription  library,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
cotton  fabrics,  hosiery,  carpets,  and  embroidery.  The  burgh 
anites  with  Dumfries,  Annan,  Lochmaben,  and  Kirkcud- 
bright in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Coal-mines  are  wrought  in  the  vicinity.  Immediately  S.E. 
of  the  town,  on  a  steep  bank  overlooking  the  Nith,  is  the 
oicturesquo  castle  of  Sanquhar. 


San  Quintin  de  Mediona,  sin  keen-teen'  di  mi> 
De-o'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  35 
miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  2302. 

San  Quirico,  sin  kwee're-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  a 
little  W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  of  commane,  2517. 

San  Quirico  in  Val  d'Orcia,  sin  kwee're-ko  in 
vil  doR-ohee'i,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  6  miles  from  Pienza. 

San  Ra'fael  (Sp.  pron.  sin  ri-fi-£l'),  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  is  situated  in  a  small  valley  on 
the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  San 
Quentin  Branch,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco,  near 
the  northern  end  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  academies  or  seminaries,  many  hand- 
some residences,  and  4  churches.  It  is  surrounded  by  ver- 
dant bills  adapted  to  pasturage.     Pop.  in  1890,  3290. 

San  Rafael,  a  village  of  Valencia  co..  New  Mexico, 
near  lat.  35°  N.     It  has  a  church. 

San  Ramon,  ri-mdn'  (or  San  Ra^moon'),  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  in  San  Ramon  Valley,  9 
miles  E.  of  Haywood. 

San  Remo,  sin  ri'mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Med- 
iterranean, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Oneglia.  Pop.  7927.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  small  harbor,  where  coasting-vessels 
load  with  oil,  dried  fruits,  oranges,  and  fish. 

San  Roque,  sin  ro'ki,  or  Saint  Roque,  s^nt  r5k,  a 
city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  56  miles  S.E.  of 
Cadiz,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Gibraltar.  The  public  buildings 
and  institutions  consist  of  a  granary,  a  foundling  hospital, 
an  asylum  for  the  poor,  various  schools,  with  a  church,  a 
Franciscan  monastery,  now  converted  into  a  prison,  and  an 
oratory.  San  Roque  was  built  in  1704  by  the  Spaniards, 
after  the  loss  of  Gibraltar.  It  is  very  healthy,  and  is  much 
resorted  to  by  patients  from  Gibraltar.     Pop.  6458. 

San  Saba,  sin  si'bi,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1180  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  San  Saba  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  live-oak,  maple,  sycamore,  magnolia,  walnut,  and  other 
trees  abound.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  San  Saba. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1425;  in  1880,  5324;  in  1890,  6641. 

San  Saba,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Saba  oo.,  Tex., 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  7  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Colorado  River,  and  90  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  800 

San  Saoa  River,  Texas,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Menard  co.,  runs  eastward  through  Mason  and  San  Saba 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River.     Length,  150  miles. 

San  Salvador,  sin  sil-vi-doR',  (naually  Sal'vador), 
a  republic  of  Central  America,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by 
Honduras,  N.W.  by  Guatemala,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  Rio  Paza,  E.  by  Nicaragua,  S.E.  by  the  Bay  of  Fon- 
seca,  and  S.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  7335  square  miles. 
Its  coast-line  extends  200  miles,  and  is  deeply  indented, 
particularly  in  the  S.E.,  with  several  good  harbors,  of  which 
the  most  frequented  are  La  Union,  the  roadstead  of  Liber- 
tad,  and  Acajutla.  The  surface  from  the  shore  N.  for 
about  15  miles  is  moderately  low  and  level,  but  it  shortly 
after  becomes  broken  and  rugged  and  is  traversed  by 
mountain-groups,  giving  it  a  wild  appearance.  This  is  in- 
creased  by  no  fewer  than  11  volcanoes.  The  most  active  is 
Izalco,  but  the  loftiest  are  San  Vicente  and  San  Salvador, 
each  about  9000  feet  high.  The  largest  river  is  the  Lemps, 
which,  issuing  from  the  Lake  of  Guijar,  flows  S.E.,  form- 
ing part  of  the  boundary  between  Salvador  and  Honduras. 
The  next  in  magnitude  are  the  Paza  and  the  San  Miguel. 
Other  smaller  streams  are  numerous  and  important,  as  fur- 
nishing the  means  of  irrigation.  Besides  Lake  Guijar,  al- 
ready mentioned,  which  is  about  15  miles  long  by  5  miles 
broad,  there  is  another,  called  the  Ilopango,  5  miles  E.  of 
the  town  of  San  Salvador,  9  miles  long  by  3  miles  broad. 
Numerous  mineral  and  thermal  springs  oocur  in  many 
quarters.  The  variations  of  temperature  are  considerable; 
but,  on  the  whole,  the  country  is  healthy. 

The  soil  possesses  great  fertility,  and  the  state  is  the  best 
cultivated  in  Central  America.  The  most  important  crop 
is  indigo,  which  is  generally  grown,  and  is  of  an  excellent 
quality.  Maize,  sugar,  coffee,  tobacco,  cotton,  Jkc,  thrive 
well,  but  fruits  are  not  so  abundant  as  in  the  state  of  Gua- 
temala. The  dairy-produce  is  chiefly  confined  to  cheese, 
which  forms  a  main  article  of  subsistence.  The  part  of  the 
coast  between  Acajutla  and  Libertad  is  famous  for  pro- 
ducing the  balsam  of  Peru.  Of  the  so-called  cedar  large 
quantities  are  cut  for  timber.  The  mineral  deposits,  once 
the  chief  wealth  of  the  republic,  appear  to  be  exhausted. 
Iron  of  excellent  quality  has  been  wrought.     Salvador  if 


SAN 


2390 


SAN 


among  the  most  advanced  of  the  republics  of  Central 
America,  and  is  the  most  densely  peopled.  Pop.  777,895. 
San  Salvador,  s&n  8&l-y&-d5R',  or  Saint  Sal'va- 
dor,  a  city  of  Central  America,  capital  of  the  above,  is 
situated  on  a  small  stream  which  flows  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  105  miles  S.E.  of  Guatemala.  Lat.  13°  44'  S.;  Ion. 
89°  8'  W.  It  stands  between  wooded  heights,  in  a  well- 
watered  vale,  several  thousand  feet  above  the  Pacific,  and 
about  3  miles  S.E.  of  the  volcano  of  San  Salvador.  The 
city  of  San  Salvador  was  founded  in  1523  by  Spanish  emi- 
grants. In  1854  it  was  removed  to  a  new  site,  on  account  of 
the  prevalence  of  destructive  earthquakes  ;  but  it  has  twice 
since  been  partially  destroyed  by  them.  The  town  is  regu- 
larly built,  contains  several  churches  and  convents,  and  is 
the  seat  of  a  bishop.  It  is  a  depot  for  sugar  and  indigo, 
and  has  manufactures  of  iron  wares  and  cotton  goods. 
Pop.  20,000 ;  before  the  earthquake  of  1873,  40,000. 

San  Sal^vador',  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co"., 
Cal.,  56  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  township,  560. 

San  Salvador,  s&n  s&l-v&-d5r',  a  name  given  by  Co- 
lumbus to  one  of  the  Bahamas,  the  first  land  seen  by  him 
in  the  New  World.  It  was  for  many  years  identified  with 
Cat  Island,  but  is  now  generally  conceded  to  have  been 
Watling  Island,  which  has  indeed  been  officially  named  San 
Salvador. 

San  Salvador,  ein  E&l-vS,-d5R',  or  Banza,  b&n'zi, 
also  called  Congo  Grande,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Congo,  160  miles  S.E.  of  Loango.     Pop.  10,000. 

San  Salvador,  Brazil.    See  Bahia. 

San  Salvador,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Napo,  20  miles  E.  of  Avila. 

San  Salvador,  a  town  of  Cuba.    See  Bayamo. 

San  Salvador  dos  Campos.    See  Campos. 

San  Salvador  Pequeno,  ekn  s&l-v&-doR'  p&-kan'yo, 
an  island  on  the  W.  side  of  Cat  Island,  Bahamas ;  also 
called  Little  San  Salvador. 

San  Salvatore,  sin  s&l-v&-to'r^  a  town  of  Italy,  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  4725. 

Sansan,  s3,n^s&n',  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in  fioussa. 
Lat.  12°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  E. 

Sansanding,  s&n's3.nMing',  or  Sansandig,  a  town 
of  Africa,  state  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Joliba,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Sego.  It  is  a  place  of  extensive  trade,  and  has  from 
30,000  to  40,000  inhabitants.  Here  Mungo  Park  embarked 
in  his  schooner  to  descend  the  river,  in  1805. 

Sansaria,  s&n-8&'re-&,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  and  E.  of  Guatemala. 

San  Saturnino  de  Noya,  s&n  s&-tooR-nee'no  d& 
no'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles  from  Barce- 
lona.    Pop.  1299. 

San  Sebastian,  Spain.    See  Saint  Sebastian. 

San  Sebastian,  sin  si-b&s-te-in',  the  capital  town  of 
the  island  of  Gomera,  in  the  Canaries,  on  its  E.  coast.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  harbor  defended  by  forts. 

San  Sebastian  de  los  Reyes,  sin  s&-bis-te-&n'  d& 
loce  ri'fis,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Guzman  Blanco, 
50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  7790. 

San  Secondo  Parmese,  s&n  si-kon'do  pir-mi'si,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Parma.  Pop. 
5246. 

Sansego,  s&n-s&'go,  an  island  of  Austria,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, 5  miles  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Lossini.     Pop.  640. 

Sansellas,  sin-sSl'l&s,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca, 
15  miles  B.N.B.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1784. 

San  Sepolcro,  Italy.    See  Borgo  San  Sepolcro. 

San  Severino,  sin  s4-vi-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macerata,  on  the  Potenza. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  3062. 

San  Severo,  sin  si-vi'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Poggia.  Pop.  16,545.  It  is  large, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  several  parish  churches,  a  diocesan 
seminary,  and  a  trade  in  cattle. 

San  Sim'eon  (Sp.  pron.  sin  see-mi-on'),  a  post-village 
of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles 
S.  of  Jolon.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  several  mines  of  cinna- 
bar, and  2  churches,  also  a  cheese-factory,  and  furnaces  for 
smelting  quicksilver. 

San  Sol'omon,  a  post-office  of  Presidio  co.,  Texas. 

Sans  Souci,  a  palace  of  Prussia.    See  Potsdam. 

Sans  Souci,  san  soo'se,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bertie  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Cashie  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Plymouth. 
Produce  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

San  Stefano,  Italy  and  Sicily.    See  Santo  Stefano. 

Santa,  sin'ti,  a  river  of  Peru,  has  a  N.W.  course  of 
200  miles,  and  enters  the  Pacific  about  75  miles  S.E.  of 
Trujillo.     Opposite  its  mouth  are  the  islets  of  Santa. 


San'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  7  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Scottsborough. 

Santa,  a  post-office  of  Kootenai  co.,  Idaho,  25  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Parmington,  Washington. 

Santa,  sin'ti,  or  Parilla,  pi-reel'yi,  a  town  of  North 
Peru,  department  of  Trujillo,  on  the  river  Santa,  near  the 
Pacific. 

Santa  Ana,  sin'ti  i'ni,  a  lake  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tabasco,  154  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Santa  Ana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Cal., 
34  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  lumber-  and  planing-mills,  soda-mineral- 
works,  feed-mills,  and  manufactures  of  hardware,  bricks, 
cigars,  incubators,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3628. 

Santa  A.na,  sin'ti  i'ni,  a  town  of  the  republic  and  40 
miles  W.N.W.  of  the  town  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  9000. 

Santa  Ana  de  Tainaulipas.    See  Taupico  Pueblo 

NCEVO. 

Santa  Ana  River,  a  small  stream  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  California,  falls  into  the  Pacific. 

San'ta  An'na,  township,  De  Witt  co..  111.    Pop.  2181. 

Santa  Anna,  a  post-village  of  Coleman  co.,  Tex.,  ia 
situated  in  a  farming  district,  76  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
San  Angelo.  It  has  a  roller-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  gen- 
eral stores,  and  business  houses.     Pop.  46S. 

Santa  Anna,  sin'ti  i'ni,  a  small  islaud  of  Brazil, 
state  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Maranhao,  near  the  coast. 

Santa  Anna,  or  Ana,  i'ni,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  the 
Yacuuia,  at  the  influx  of  the  Rapula. 

Santa  Anna,  an  island  of  Brazil.     See  Bananal. 

Santa  Anna,  a  towu  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto-Grosso, 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cuyab^.     Pop.  4000. 

Santa  Anna,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Sao  Pedro  do  Rio  Grande,  on  the  Sino,  N.  of  Porto  Alegre. 
Pop.  1400, 

Santa  Anna,  a  village  of  Brazil.    See  Silves, 

Santa  Anna,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Villanova. 

Santa  Anna,  sin'ti  in'ni,  a  town  of  Peru,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Cuzco,  in  a  picturesque  valley  50  miles  in  length. 

Santa  Anna  de  Chaves.    See  Chaves. 

San'ta  Bar'bara,  a  strait  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  15 
miles  across,  between  the  mainland  of  California  and  the 
island  of  Santa  Cruz,  190  miles  S.E.  of  Monterey. 

San'ta  Bar'bara,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  about  1380  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the 
N.  by  the  Santa  Maria  River.  It  is  partly  watered  by  the 
Santa  Clara  and  Santa  Inez  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified by  mountains  and  fertile  valleys.  A  long  range 
called  Santa  Inez  Mountains  traverses  the  county  in  an  E. 
and  W.  direction.  The  climate  is  mild  and  almost  tropical. 
Rain  seldom  falls  here  between  May  and  November.  Wool, 
barley,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
The  orange,  lemon,  fig,  olive,  and  grape  flourish  in  this 
county.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  sulphur,  as- 
phaltum,  salt,  and  petroleum.  A  little  gold  has  been  found 
here.  Large  .quantities  of  asphaltum  have  been  exported 
from  it.  This  county  comprises  several  islands  in  the  ocean, 
which  are  frequented  by  seals  and  otters.  It  is  intersected 
by  a  branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  Santa  Barbara,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7784 ; 
in  1880,  9513;  in  1890,  15,754. 

Santa  Barbara,  a  post-town,  seaport,  and  capital  of 
Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  town  contains  2  or  3 
colleges,  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  planing- 
mills,  and  has  extensive  exports  of  wool.     P.  (1890)  5864, 

Santa  Barbara,  a  village  of  Taos  co.,  New  Mexico, 
6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Picuries.     It  has  a  church. 

Santa  Barbara,  sin'ti  baR'bi-ri,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
in  Minas-Geraes,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.    P.  4000. 

Santa  Barbara,  sin'ti  baR'bi-ri,  a  town  of  Chili, 
province  of  Biobio,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Santa  Barbara,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Orinoco,  opposite  the  influx  of  the  Ventuari. 

Santa  Barbara  Islands.  These  islands,  8  in  num- 
ber, consist  of  San  Miguel,  Santa  Rosa,  Santa  Cruz,  Ana- 
capa,  Santa  Barbara,  Santa  Catalina,  San  Clemente,  and 
San  Nicolas.  They  lie  along  the  S.  coast  of  California,  and 
opposite  to  the  shores  of  Santa  Barbara,  Los  Angeles,  and 
San  Diego  cos.,  extending  in  a  direction  from  N.W.  to  S.E. 
about  175  miles,  and  at  a  distance  from  the  land  of  from 
20  to  65  miles.  Several  harbors  have  been  examined  by 
officers  of  the  United  States  Coast  Survey.  The  principal 
of  these  are  Prisoners'  Harbor,  on  the  N.  side  of  Santa 
Cruz,  Cuyler's  Harbor,  on  the  N.E.  side  of  San  Miguel, 


SAN 


2391 


SAN 


and  Catalina  Harbor,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Santa 
Catalina.  The  four  first-named  islands  are  separated  from 
the  mainland  by  Santa  Barbara  Channel,  a  sound  from  20 
to  30  miles  wide. 

Santa  Barbara  de  Samana.    See  Samana. 

Santa  Catalina,  s&n't&  k&-t&-lee'n&,  an  island  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  separated  from  California  by  the  Channel  of 
Santa  Barbara. 

Santa  Catalina,  a  cape  of  Central  America,  state  and 
70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nicaragua. 

Santa  Catalina,  an  islet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  90 
miles  E.  of  the  Mosquito  coast,  and  immediately  N.  of  Old 
Providence  Island. 

Santa  Catarina,  s&n't&  k&-t&-ree'n3,,  a  town  of  Sicily, 

7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caltanisetta,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Salso.     Pop.  3646. 

Santa  Caterina,  s&n'ti  k3,-t&-ree'n&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Calabria,  26  miles  S.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2616. 

Santa  Caterina,  the  northernmost  headland  of  the 
island  of  Corfu. 

Santa  Catharina,  skn'ti,  k&-t&-ree'n&,  a  fortified 
island  of  Brazil,  forming  the  superb  bay  of  the  same  name, 
off  the  coast  of  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  between  lat. 
27°  and  28°  S.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles ;  breadth, 

8  miles.  Pop.  12,000.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  well 
watered,  and  covered  with  forests,  and  the  island  abounds 
with  natural  curiosities.  On  its  W.  coast  is  the  town  of 
Desterro. 

Santa  Catharina,  8&n't&  k&-t&-ree'n&,  a  state  of 
Brazil,  situated  between  lat.  26°  and  30°  S.,  Ion.  49°  and 
61°  W.,  having  E.  the  Atlantic,  and  on  other  sides  the 
states  of  Parani  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.  Area,  27,436 
square  miles.  Pop.  236,346.  The  ooast  is  low;  surface 
elsewhere  mountainous,  traversed  by  the  Serra  Catharina 
on  the  W.,  and  well  watered.  From  the  fertility  of  the 
soil  and  the  mildness  of  the  atmosphere,  it  is  called  the 
"  paradise  of  Brazil,"  The  principal  crops  are  rice,  manioc, 
millet,  sugar,  coffee,  and  cochineal,  with  a  little  cotton. 
Principal  towns,  Desterro,  Sao  Francisco,  and  Laguna. 

Santa  Christina,  Marquesas  Islands.    SeeTAHUATA. 

Santa  Clara,  s&n't&  kl&'r&,  an  islet  of  Ecuador,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Guayaquil,  13  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Puna. 

Santa  Cla'ra,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  1380  square  miles.  The  northern  part 
of  it  is  washed  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Guadalupe  River  and  Coyote  Creek.  The  surface  is 
finely  diversified  with  grassy  hills  and  heavily-timbered 
mountains.  The  most  prominent  point  is  Mount  Hamilton 
fa  peak  of  the  Coast  Range),  which  is  4449  feet  high. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  fir,  pine,  redwood,  and  oak 
{Quercua  lobata).  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  especially  in 
the  beautiful  valley  of  Santa  Clara,  which  is  about  20 
miles  wide.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  cattle,  lumber,  and  wine 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  a  genial  and 
equable  climate,  and  abundance  of  good  fruit.  The  valley 
of  Santa  Clara  is  supplied  with  water  by  nearly  1000  arte- 
sian wells.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  cinnabar  (or 
quicksilver),  copper,  asphaltum,  and  petroleum.  It  has  a 
rich  mine  of  cinnabar  at  New  Almaden.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  connect  with  San  Jos6,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  26,246;  in  1880,  35,039;  in  1890,  48,005. 

Santa  Clara,  a  post-village  in  Santa  Clara  township, 
Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  is  in  a  fertile  valley  of  its  own  name, 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  San 
Francisco,  and  3  miles  W.  by  N.  of  San  JosS.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  University  of  the  Pacific  (Methodist  Episcopal, 
organized  in  1852),  and  contains  also  the  Santa  Clara  Col- 
lege (Catholic),  a  high  school,  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  tanneries,  a  lumber-mill,  a  brewery,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  2891  j  of  the 
township,  6577. 

Santa  Clara,  a  post-office  of  Huerfano  oo.,  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Walsenburg,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Santa  Clara,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y. 

Santa  Clara,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah,  6 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  George.     It  has  a  church. 

Santa  Clara  River,  California,  rises  in  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  runs  W.  through  Ventura  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific. 

Santa  Claus,  Spencer  co.,  Ind.    See  Santa  'Si,. 

Santa  Coloma  de  Fames,  s&n'ti  ko-lo'm&  d&  fan- 
nSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gerona.     P.  4403. 

Santa  Croce,  s&n't&  kro'ohi,  a  town  of  Austria,  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Goritz.     Pop.  1223. 

Santa  Croce,  sin'ti  kro'chi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Modica,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4008. 


Santa  Croce,  Cape,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of 

Sicily,  N.  of  Agosta.     Lat.  37°  15'  N. 

Santa  Croce  di  Magliano,  s&n'ti  kro'ohi  dee  m&l 
y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  8  mile* 
S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  4241. 

Santa  Croce  di  Alorcone,  s&n'ti  kro'ch4  dee  mok- 
ko'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento,  12  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3967. 

Santa  Croce  sulP  Arno,  s&n't&  kro'chi  sool-laR'no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno,  6  mile" 
N.W.  of  San  Miniato.     Pop.  2493. 

Santa  Cruz,  8&u't&  kroos,  a  rapid  river  of  Patagonia, 
enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  50°  S.,  Ion.  68°  30'  W. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  Curasao, 

Santa  Cruz,  sin'tft  kroos,  or  Saint  Croix,  s^nt  kroi, 
the  largest  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  form- 
ing, with  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John,  a  Danish  colony.  It 
lies  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Porto  Rico,  lat.  (E.  point)  17°  45' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  64°  34'  W.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long  from  E. 
to  W.,  by  about  5  miles  broad.  Area,  110  square  miles. 
It  is  generally  flat,  well  watered,  and  fertile.  Climate  at 
times  unhealthy,  and  temperature  varying  from  54°  to  72°. 
Earthquakes  and  hurricanes  are  frequent.  Two-fifths  of 
the  island  are  in  sugar-cane  plantations,  and  about  one 
half  is  occupied  with  general  crops,  a  small  portion  remain- 
ing uncultivated.  Sugar  and  rum  are  the  principal  prod 
ucts;  the  others  are  cotton,  coffee,  and  indigo.  Some  cattle 
are  reared.  The  capital  and  residence  of  the  governor  is 
Christiansted ;  and  in  the  island  is  another  town,  called 
Fredericksted.  Santa  Cruz  was  by  turns  under  the  sway 
of  the  Dutch,  British,  Spaniards,  and  French,  the  latter  of 
whom  ceded  it  to  Denmark.  It  was  taken  by  the  British 
in  1807,  and  restored  to  the  Danes  by  the  treaty  of  Paris. 
The  prevailing  language  is  English.     Pop.  (1890)  19,783. 

Santa  Cruz,  Africa.    See  Angba  Pequena. 

Santa  Cruz,8&n't&  kroos,  an  island  off  the  coast  of 
California,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Santa  Barbara 
Channel.     Circumference,  about  45  miles. 

Santa  Cruz,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  80 
miles  S.E.  of  Loreto. 

Santa  Cruz,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Matanzas. 

Santa  Cruz,  s&n't&  kroos,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
California,  has  an  area  of  about  425  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  Bay  of 
Monterey.  Its  N.E.  boundary  is  drawn  along  the  summit 
of  a  ridge  called  the  Gavilan  Mountains.  It  is  drained  by 
the  San  Lorenzo  and  Soquel  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous  and  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  noble  forests  of  the  oak,  redwood,  and  pine.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  oats, 
and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  The  redwood  hero 
grows  to  a  great  size,  about  15  feet  in  diameter.  Among 
the  minerals  found  in  this  county  are  gold,  copper,  lime- 
stone, and  petroleum.  Lime  is  an  important  article  of 
export.  Sardines  and  other  fish  abound  in  the  adjacent 
bay.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Santa  Cruz.  Pop.  in  1870, 8743 ; 
in  1880,  12,802;  in  1890,  19,270. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Santa  Cruz  co., 
Cal.,  is  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Santa 
Cruz  &  Feltonville  and  Santa  Cruz  <fc  Pajaro  Railroads, 
about  70  miles  by  water  S.  by  E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  Z(f 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Monterey.  The  climate  is  pleasant,  and 
the  scenery  of  the  adjacent  country  is  beautiful.  Santa. 
Cruz  has  a  city  hall,  2  banks,  a  hospital,  6  churches,  3  news- 
paper offices,  a  public  hall,  a  graded  school,  3  tanneries,  2 
foundries,  a  powder-mill,  2  planing-mills,  a  fiour-mill,  Ac. 
Pop. in  1880,  3898;  in  1890,  6696. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co.,  Nev 
Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  25  miles  N.  of  Santa  F6.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Santa  Cruz,  s&n't&  kroos,  a  town  of  Brasil,  state  and 
120  miles  S.E.  of  Goyaz,  on  the  Pari.     Pop.  3000. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  town  of  Morocoo.    See  Asaobrr. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  town  on  the  W.  ooast  of  the  inland  of 
Luzon  (Philippines),  110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Manila. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  town  of  the  Azores,  island  of  Flores,. 
with  a  port.  Also,  a  town  of  the  Azores,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  island  of  Graciosa. 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Palma,  s&n't&  kroos  Ak  1&  p&l'- 
m&,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  Palma,  one  of  the  Canaries. 
It  lies  on  the  E.  ooast,  in  a  spacious  bay  from  7  to  10 
fathoms  in  depth.  It  contains  several  monasteries,  a  town 
house,  a  hospital,  several  schools,  and  2  public  fountains. 
It  is  noted  for  the  manufacture  of  silk  tissues,  consisting 
of  gloves,  hosiery,  ribbons,  &,a.     Pop.  4409. 


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Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  s&n't&  kroos  dk  1&  se-dn'Ri, 
the  easternmost  and  largest  department  of  Bolivia,  extend- 
ing between  lat.  15°  and  21°  S.  and  Ion.  58°  and  66°  W., 
baring  E.  Brazil.  The  surface  is  mostly  level  or  undu- 
lating, chiefly  watered  by  the  Mamore  and  its  tributaries, 
and  covered  with  unexplored  forests.  The  products  comprise 
sugar,  oofTee,  cacao,  rice,  cotton,  honey,  and  indigo,  and  it 
is  supposed  to  be  rich  in  minerals ;  but  civilized  settlements 
are  few.  The  principal  towns  of  the  department  are  San 
Lorenzo  de  la  Frontera,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Santiago, 
and  Concepcion. 

Santa  Crnz  de  la  Sierra,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  cap- 
ital of  a  department  and  province  of  the  same  name,  200 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cbuquisaca.   It  is  a  bishop's  see.   P.  9780. 

Santa  Cruz  de  los  Rosales,  sin'ti  kroos  di  loce 
ro-8&'l£s,  a  town  of  Mexico,  68  miles  from  Chihuahua.  It 
was  captured  by  the  Americans,  March  16,  1848. 

Santa  Crnz  del  Quiche,  ekn'ti  kroos  dil  kee'chi,  a 
ruined  city  of  Guatemala,  E.N.E.  of  Quezaltenango.  Near 
it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Santa  Crnz  de  Mayo,  Mexico.    See  Geirivis. 

Santa  Crnz  de  Teneriffe,  8&D't&  kroos  di  t£nV 
rif,  the  capital  city  and  chief  commercial  port  of  the  Cana- 
ries, on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Tenerifie.  Lat.  28° 
28'  12"  N.;  Ion.  16°  14'  48"  W.  The  houses  are  white- 
washed or  painted,  and  present  a  gay  appearance.  The 
streets  are  well  paved,  and  provided  with  footpaths  and 
lamps,  and  the  principal  square  is  surrounded  with  good 
edifices,  and  adorned  with  a  colossal  statuary  group,  repre- 
senting the  apparition  of  the  Virgin  to  the  Guanches,  the 
original  inhabitants.  At  its  extremity,  facing  the  sea,  is 
the  principal  fort.  The  chief  public  buildings  are  the  mili- 
tary hospital  and  the  old  Franciscan  convent,  in  which 
almost  all  the  public  bodies  hold  their  meetings.  There 
are  a  prison,  a  poor-house,  schools,  several  fountains,  2 
parish  churches,  one  of  them  magnificent,  and  3  hermit- 
ages. The  harbor  is  very  secure,  with  a  capacity  for  10 
or  12  vessels  of  war.  It  has  a  mole  of  modern  construc- 
tion, which  juts  out  far  into  the  sea.  The  coast  is  com- 
manded by  forts  and  various  redoubts.  Wine,  brandy, 
almonds,  and  cochineal  are  exported.  Santa  Cruz  affords 
good  coaling-facilities  for  vessels,  many  of  which  call  on 
their  way  to  Australia  and  America.     Pop.  about  17,500. 

Santa  Crnz  River,  or  Rio  Santa  Crnz,  rises  near 
the  S.  boundary  of  Arizona,  and  runs  northward  to  Tucson. 
Below  this  town  it  flows  northwestward,  and  enters  the 
Gila  River  in  Pinal  co.     Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Santa  de  Jesus,  s&n't&  dk  h&'soos,  a  town  of  Yene- 
Euela,  on  the  Meta,  46  miles  W.  of  its  junction  with  the 
Orinoco. 

San  Tadeo,  s&n  ti-d&'o,  a  river  of  Patagonia,  enters 
the  Gulf  of  San  Esteban,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and,  though 
navigable  for  only  11  miles,  is  the  largest  stream  S.  of  the 
Chiloe  Archipelago. 

Santa  Domenica,  s&n'ti  do-m&'ne-k&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Calabria,  3  miles  E.  of  Scalea.     Pop.  2510. 

Santa  Elena,  island.    See  Saint  Helena. 

Santa  Elena,  Ecuador.     See  Saint  Elena. 

Santa  Eufemia,  sin'ti  i-oo-fi'me-4,  or  simply  Eu- 
femia,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catansaro,  near  the 
Gulf  of  Santa  Eufemia,  5  miles  W.  of  Nicastro.  Pop.  of 
eommune,  7601. 

Santa  Eulalia,  sin't&  &-oo-1&'le-&,  a  town  of  Ivifa, 
one  of  the  Balearic  Islands.     Pop.  1048. 

Santa  F6,  s&n'ti  fk,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 

Erovince  and  7  miles  W.  of  Granada.  Santa  F6  was  built 
y  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  while  besieging  Granada.  In 
1806  it  was  much  shattered  by  an  earthquake.  Pop.  4357. 
Santa  F6  (Sp.  pron.  sin'ti  fi)  or  New  River,  a 
river  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Alachua  and  Columbia  cos.,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River. 
Santa  F6,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  New 
Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  2292  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  is  diversified  by  high 
mountains  and  extensive  forests.  The  valley  of  the  Rio 
Grande  is  fertile,  but  the  county  contains  extensive  arid 
table-lands,  which  are  about  7000  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  where  water  is  scarce  and  the  soil  is  mostly  uncul- 
tivated. The  Placer  Mountain  in  this  county  is  said  to 
be  rich  in  gold,  iron  ore,  and  coal  or  lignite.  Limestone 
also  abounds  here,  and  gold  is  found  in  connection  with 
quartz  rock.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A 
Santa  F6  and  Santa  F6  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Santa 
F4.  Pop.  in  1870,  9699;  in  1880,  10,867;  in  1890,  13,562. 
Santa  F6,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  73  miles  from  Femandina. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-hamlet  in  Santa  F6  township,  Alex- 


ander CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  22  milei 
N.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  600. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  about  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  115. 

Santa  F6,  a  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  44  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Cuba 
Post-Office. 

Santa  F6,  a  hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind,,  3  miles  B.  of 
Lincoln  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Santa 
Glaus  Post-Office. 

Santa  F6,  a  hamlet  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Brookville. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Santa  F6  (Sp.  pron.  &&n't&  fi),  the  capital  and  largest 
town  of  New  Mexico,  is  situated  in  a  county  of  its  own 
name,  about  20  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande,  near  the  W. 
base  of  a  range  of  mountains.  Lat.  35°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  about 
106°  10'  W.  Its  site  is  elevated  6840  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  the  climate  is  so  dry  that  irrigation  is  neces- 
sary for  agriculture.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  adobe*. 
or  sun-dried  bricks.  Santa  F6  contains  a  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  a  jail,  2  newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  and 
a  convent.  One  daily  newspaper  is  published  here.  It  is 
a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop's  see.  Copper  and  silver  are 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  6o35;  in  1890,  6185. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  about  36 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Santa  F6,  8&n't&  fi,  a  city  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Rio  Salado,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bajada  de  Santa  F6.  Pop. 
10,670.  It  has  several  churches,  2  convents,  and  a  trade 
with  the  interior. 

Santa  Fe,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  be- 
tween lat  30°  and  33°  S.,  Ion.  61°  and  62°  W.,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  river  Parand,  which  separates  it  from  the  prov- 
ince of  Entre  Rios.  Area,  37,500  square  miles.  Pop. 
89,117.  Principal  rivers,  the  Rio  Salado  and  the  Tercero. 
The  chief  towns  are  Santa  F6  (the  capital)  and  Rosario. 

Santa  F6,  an  island  in  the  province  of  Santa  F^,  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  between  the  Parang  and  the  Rio  Salat^^lu, 
50  miles  in  length  by  6  in  average  breadth,  and  having  the 
town  of  Santa  F6  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Santa  F6  de  Antioquia.    See  Antioquia. 

Santa  Fe  de  Bogota.     See  Bogota. 

Santa  F6  Junction.  See  Kansas  Citt  and  Santa 
Fi  Junction. 

Santa  Fiora,  s&n'ti  fe-o'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Grosseto,  very  finely  situated  in 
the  mountains.     Pop.  6304. 

Sant'  Agata,  s&nt  i'g&-ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  with  remains  of  a  magnificent  amphitheatre, 
and  ruins  of  ancient  Minturno.     See  also  Santhia. 

Sant'  Agata  dei  Goti,  sint  &'g&-ti  di'e  go'tee  (anc. 
Agathap'olU),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento,  16 
miles  E.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3648. 

Sant'  Agata  di  Puglia,  gint  i'g&-t&  dee  pool'yi,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Foggia,  10  miles  S.  of  Bovino.    Pop.  5268. 

Santa  Ginlietta,  sin'ti  joo-le-£t't&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voghera.     Pop.  2202. 

Santagny,  s&n-t&g'nee  (?),  a  Spanish  town,  island  of 
Majorca,  near  the  sea,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Palma.  Near  its 
centre  stands  an  old  fortress,  which  served  as  a  protection 
against  the  Algerine  pirates.     Pop.  4210. 

Sant'  Agostino,  sint  i-gAs-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Ferrara,  on  the  Reno,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Cento.   Pop.  7544. 

Santa  Helena,  sin'ti  i-li'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Maranhao,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guimaraens. 

Santa  Inez,  sin'ti  e-nSs'  ("Saint  Agnes"),  a  river  of 
Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  rises  among  the  mountains  of  the 
Coast  Range,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  W.  course,  falls  int* 
the  Pacific  Ocean  about  10  miles  N.  of  Cape  Concepcion. 

Santa  Inez,  a  decayed  village  and  township  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Barbara.  Total 
pop.  1038.  Here  is  a  church  at  the  site  of  the  old  Spanish 
mission  of  Santa  Inez,  with  many  ruined  buildings.  See 
also  IsLA  DEL  Angel  db  la  Guabdia. 

Santa  Isabel,  sin'ti  e-si-bfil',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Grosso,  on  the  Paraguaju.  It  is  the  capital  of  its 
district,  and  consists  of  3000  mud  and  straw  huts. 

Santa  Isabel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  120  miles 
N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo. 

Santa  Jnana,  sin'ti  Boo-i'ni,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the 
Biobio,  province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Concepcion. 

Santa  Lagoa,  sin'ti  li-go'i,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 


SAN 


2393 


SAN 


of  Minas-Geraes,  on  a  lake  of  the  game  Dame,  16  miles  N.E 
of  Sahara.  It  owee  its  existence  to  the  medicinal  water  of 
the  lakes. 

Santal  Pergon'nahs,  or  Santal  Parganas,  sin- 
t4l'  p^r-gun'naz,  a  district  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  divigion, 
lal.  23°  48'-2*5°  !»'  N.,  Ion.  8«<»  SC-ST"  58'  E.  Area, 
5488  square  miles.  It  is  boanded  in  part  on  the  N.  and  E. 
by  the  Ganges.  The  greater  part  of  the  country  is  a  jungle, 
with  undeveloped  resources.  Among  its  people  are  many 
Santals,  a  very  interesting  tribe  of  bill-men.  Capital,  Naya 
Dumka.     Pop.  1,259,287. 

San^talpoor'  and  Cbarlcot,  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  Myhee  Caunta.     Pop.  18,193. 

San'ta  La'ca,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Santa  Lace,  sin'ti  loo'chi,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Pisa,  about  9  miles  from  Lari.     Pop.  2243. 

Santa  Lncia,  s&n'ti  loo-che'i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  4500. 

Santa  Locia,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Milazzo.     Pop.  4983. 

Santa  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-see'i,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  106  miles  from  Corrientes,  on  the  Parani. 

Santa  Lncia,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lat. 
A"  20'  N.;  Ion.  117°  E. 

Santa  Lncia,  s4n't&  loo-see'&,  a  river  of  XJmguay, 
joins  the  Plata  estuary  7  miles  N.W.  of  Montevideo,  after 
a  S.  course  of  100  miles. 

Santa  Lassnrgui,  sin'tl  looe-sooR'gwee,  a  village  in 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cagliari,  in  a 
large  hollow.     Pop.  4564. 

Santa  Lnria  or  Lacia,  s&n'ti  loo-see'l,  one  of  the 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  N.W.  of  St.  Nicholas,  and  S.E.  of  Santo 
Antonio.     Length,  8  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Santa  Luzia  or  Lncia,  sin'ti  loo-Bee'i,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  120  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Goyaz. 

Santa  Lnzia,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  AJagoas, 
formerly  called  Alagoas  do  Norte,  i-li-go'ls  do  non'ti, 
on  a  lake,  about  110  miles  S.S.W.  of  Recife.     Pop.  1500. 

Santa  Luzia,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  the  Rio  das  Velhas,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ouro 
Preto.     Pop.  of  district,  6000. 

Santa  Luzia,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sergipe, 
sometimes  called  Santa  Luzia  do  Rio  Real,  ^n'ti 
loo-see'i  do  ree'o  ri-iV,  on  a  height  above  the  small  river 
Guararema,  a  tributary  of  the  Real,  26  miles  S.S.  W.  of  Sao 
ChristovSo.     Pop.  of  district,  1600. 

Santa  Madonna  degli  Angeli,  sin'ti  mi-don'ni 
dil'yee  in'ji-le,  or  Santa  Maria  degli  Angeli,  sin'- 
ti mi-ree'i  dil'yee  in'ji-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Perugia.  It  has  a  celebrated  church, 
which  gives  it  its  name. 

Santa  Magdalena,  sin'ti  mig-di-li'ni,  a  bay  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Malte,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Valetta. 

Sant  Amand,  siNt  i'mint',  or  Saint- Amand,  sixt 
i'mfts*',  a  commune  of  Belgium,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ant- 
werp, on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2800. 

Santa  Margarita,  Majorca.     See  Maegarita. 

Santa  Margarita,  sin'ti  mas-gi-ree'ti,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  42  milea  N.W.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  7478. 

Santa  Margarita,  sin'ti  maR-gi^ree'ti,  an  island  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Lower  California.  Lat.  24°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
111°  30'  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Bay 
of  Madelina.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  8.E.,  45  miles ;  great- 
est breadth,  15  miles. 

Santa  Margarita,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
«o.,  Cal. 

Santa  Margarita  (or  Margherita)  Ligure,  sin'- 
ti maa-gi-ree'ti  lee-goo'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  on  the  sea,  9  miles  W.  of  Chiarari.  It  has  coral- 
fisheries  and  mantiiacturee  of  lace.     Pop.  7188. 

Santa  Maria,  one  of  the  Azores.    See  Saist  Mart. 

Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  post-rilla^  of  SanU 
Barbara  eo.,  Cal.,  near  Santa  Maria  River,  and  near  the 
sea,  50  miles  N.W.  of  SanU  Barbara.     It  has  a  church. 

Santa  Maria,  a  post-village  of  Cameron  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
•r  near  the  Rio  Grande,  28  miles  above  Brownsville.  It 
has  a  church.     Sngar  is  made  here. 

Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'^  a  small  island  off  the 
eoast  of  Chili,  department  and  30  miles  S. W.  of  Concepcion, 
in  the  Bay  of  Arauco.  Its  surface  was  raised  from  8  to  10 
feet  by  the  earthquake  of  February,  1835.  Lat.  37°  2'  8" 
8. ;  Ion.  73°  34'  15"  W. 

Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Majorca,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1410. 

Santa  Maria  a  Monte,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  i  mon'ti,  or 
Maria  in  Monte,  mi-ree'i  in  mon'ti,  a  town  of  "Tus- 
eany,  near  Florence,  on  the  Amo.     Pop.  2228. 
151 


Santa  Maria  a  Yico,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  i  vee'ko,a  viU 
lage  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca^rta,  near  Nola.     Pop.  4572. 

Santa  Maria  de  Belem,  Brazil.    See  Para. 

Santa  Maria  de  F6,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  di  fi,  a  town 
of  Paraguay,  45  miles  E.  of  STeembucn.  Here  the  naturalist 
Bonpland  was  long  detained  a  prisoner  by  Francia. 

Santa  Maria  degli  Angeli.    See  Sahta  MADOinrA 

DE6LI  AKGELI. 

Santa  Maria  del  Principe,  Cuba.  See  Vllla  dkl 
Prihcipb. 

Santa  Maria  de  Marin,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  di  mi-r«en% 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  9  miles  N.  of  Vigo.  It  ba« 
a  good  harbor  on  the  Bay  of  Vigo,  and  an  active  fishery. 

Santa  Maria  de  Nieva,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  di  ne-i'vi, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Segovia. 

Santa  Maria  de  Puerto  Principe,  Cube.     8«« 

PtJKRTO  PrISCIPE. 

Santa  Maria  de  Sada,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Sada. 

Santa  Maria  di  Capua,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  dee  ki'> 
poo-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caaerta,  5  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Caserta.  It  has  a  criminal  and  a  civil  court,  and  several 
Roman  antiquities,  including  the  remains  of  a  large  am- 
phitheatre, a  subterranean  gallery,  and  a  triumphal  arch 
across  the  road  to  Capua.     Pop.  16,651. 

Santa  Maria  di  Leuca.    See  Cape  Levca. 

Santa  Maria  di  Licodia.    See  Licodia. 

Santa  Maria  River,  California,  forms  the  northern 
boundary  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and 
enters  the  Pacific  20  miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 

Santa  Marta,  sin'ti  maR'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2920. 

Santa  Marta,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Lugo,  on 
the  Bay  of  Santa  Marta,  6  miles  S.  of  Cape  Ortegal. 

Santa  Marta  or  Martha,  ein'ti  maR'ti,  a  seaport 
town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Magdalena,  on  the  E.  shore  of  a  bay  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  40  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  river  Magdalena. 
Pop.  3500.  It  has  some  good  residences,  a  conspicnoo* 
cathedral,  and  a  tolerable  harbor.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Santa  Maura,  sin'ti  mdw'ri,  or  Lenca'dia  (anc. 
Leueat;  Gr.  Ktvuwt,  or  Leueadia,  Aeocotta,  modern  Greek 
pron.  lif-ki-THee'i),  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  in  Greece, 
separated  by  a  channel,  1  mile  across,  from  the  W.  coast  of 
Acamania,  with  which  it  is  said  to  have  been  connected. 
Length,  22  miles;  extreme  breadth,  9  miles.  Area,  180 
square  miles.  Pop.  20,892.  A  chain  of  limestone  moon- 
tains  intersects  it  from  N.  to  S.,  covering  the  surface  with 
its  spurs,  and  terminating  S.W.  in  the  promontory  of  Cape 
Ducato  (anc.  Leueadia,  from  the  Greek  Xtvicos,  leukot, 
"white"),  famous  as  "Sappho's  Leap,"  and  from  the  whit« 
cliffis  of  which  the  island  derived  its  name.  Mount  St. 
Elias,  in  the  centre,  is  3000  feet  in  height.  The  climate  is 
variable,  the  temperature  often  rising  or  falling  20  degrees 
in  a  day ;  the  low  grounds  are  unhealthy.  In  the  N.  is  a 
rich  plain,  and  elsewhere  are  many  fertile  valleys,  but 
scarcely  one-eighth  of  the  soil  is  under  cultivation,  and  not 
enough  com  is  raised  for  home  consumption.  The  princi- 
pal crops  are  wheat,  maize,  oil,  and  wine.  Many  of  the 
population  live  by  fishing,  the  manufacture  of  salt,  and 
annual  emigrations  to  the  mainland  as  laborers  in  harvest- 
time.  The  principal  towns  are  Amaxichi,  the  capital,  and 
Yliko,  both  on  the  E.  coast.  The  castle  of  Santa  Mama, 
whence  the  modem  name  of  the  island,  is  at  its  N.  ex- 
tremity. Between  it  and  Amaxichi  is  a  lagoon,  whence 
much  salt  is  obtained. 

Sant'  Ambrogio,  sint  im-bro'jo,  a  village  of  North- 
ern Italy,  near  Verona,  with  thermal  baths. 

Sant'  Ambrogio,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 

Santa  Monica,  sin'ti  mon'e-ki,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  of  Los  Angeles  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Paeifio 
Ocean,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  hotel.     Pop.  in  1880,  417. 

Sant'  Anastasia,  sint  i-nis-ti'she-i,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  5  miles  E.  of  Naples,  at  the  N.  foot  of  Yesa- 
vius.     Pop.  6616. 

Santan'der  (Sp.  pron.  sin-tin-daiB';  aae.  Por'hu 
Blen'dium  t),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  at  a  province  of  \XM 
own  name,  207  miles  N.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  43°  28'  N.;  Ion. 
3°  41'  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  headland,  and  has  a  large 
and  secure  port  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  with  good  anchor- 
age and  shelter,  and  a  mole  and  docks.  The  town  is 
the  terminus  of  a  railway  to  Madrid.  In  the  more  ancient 
quarter  the  streets  are  narrow  and  the  houses  lofty,  while 
in  the  modem  portion  the  streets  are  spacious  and  the 
houses  of  good  architecture.  There  are  10  squares,  large 
and  small,  a  town  house  and  prison,  theatre,  shambles,  baths, 
pnbHe  markets,  promenades,  and  aa  elm-planted  road  sitr« 


^rlAj^'^  ypKA^^-iM.^  \  f\/fVH^  k^vAj-- 


SAN 


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rounding  the  entire  city.    There  are  also  a  handsome  hos- 

Eital  for  the  sick,  an  asylum  for  the  indigent,  a  foundling 
ospital,  a  custom-house,  and  an  educational  establishment, 
with  professors  of  mathematics,  Latin,  experimental  physics 
and  chemistry,  <fcc.  Santander  is  a  busy  and  thriving  place ; 
the  fish,  both  of  sea  and  fresh  water,  are  plentiful  and  ex- 
cellent. It  has  a  cigar-manufactory,  a  foundry,  brewery, 
cooperages,  fish-curing  establishments,  and  tanneries,  be- 
sides manufactories  of  refined  sugar,  sugar-candy,  wax  and 
tallow  candles,  vermicelli,  hats,  ka.  The  imports  consist 
chiefly  of  sugar,  brandy,  cacao,  hides,  oofiFee,  dye-woods, 
dried  cod,  wrought  ir#n,  tin  plates,  oil,  rice,  bar  iron,  figs, 
raisins,  <bc. ;  and  the  exports,  of  flour,  rice,  hides,  wheat, 
maize,  nails,  gypsum,  pulse,  kidney-beans,  brandy,  <fec. 
The  bay  and  port  were  much  esteemed  in  the  early  periods 
of  Spanish  history.  It  afterwards  decayed  into  a  mere  fish- 
ing town,  but  rose  when  entitled  to  trade  with  South  Amer- 
ica ;  and  it  still  supplies  Cuba  with  corn  from  the  Castiles, 
bringing  back  colonial  produce.     Pop.  (1892)  71,307. 

Santander,  a  province  of  Spain,  having  N.  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.  Area,  2113  square  miles.  On  the  coast  are  the 
harbors  of  Santander  and  Santona,  which,  with  Santillana 
and  Laredo,  are  its  chief  towns.     Pop.  240,172. 

Santander,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Tamaulipas, 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  110  miles  N.  of  Tampico.  On  it 
are  the  towns  of  Nuevo  Santander  and  Soto  la  Marina,  near 
which  latter  it  receives  an  af9uent  from  the  N.  It  is  of 
considerable  size,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded  at  its  mouth. 

Santander,  a  department  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
having  the  Miigdalena  River  on  the  W.  and  Venezuela  on 
the  N.B.  Area,  16,000  square  miles.  Tobacco,  coffee, 
hides,  drug?,  straw  hats,  indigo,  and  wax  are  largely  ex- 
ported.    Capital,  Socorro.     Pop.  555,600. 

Santander,  New.    See  Nukvo  Santander. 

Sant'  Andrea,  sint  &n-dr&'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Conza.     Pop.  2141. 

Sant'  Andrea,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  S.S.E. 
of  Squillaoe.     Pop.  3553. 

Sant'  Andrea,  a  small  island  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the 
N.W.  point  of  the  island  of  Lissa. 

Sant'  Angelo,  sint  in'ji-lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Padua.     Pop.  2634. 

Sant'  Angelo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Pescara.     Pop.  3926. 

Sant'  Angelo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  N.  of  Qir- 
genti.     Pop.  1220. 

Sant'  Angelo,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  S.  of  Castel-a- 
Mare. 

Sant'  Angelo,  Morea.    See  Cape  Malia. 

Sant'  Angelo  Capola,  sint  ^n'j4-lo  kd,'po-l&,  a  town 
of  Italy,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  2739. 

Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombard!,  s^nt  in'jMo  di'e 
lom-baa'dee,  a  city  of  Italy,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6654. 

Sant'  Angelo  delle  Fratte,  s&nt  &n'j4-lo  ddl'li 
frit'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1656. 

Sant'  Angelo  di  Brolo,  s&nt  &n'j&-lo  dee  bro'lo,  a 
town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  near  the  sea,  10  miles 
W.  of  Patti.     Pop.  5306. 

Sant'  Angelo  Lodigiano,  sJ,nt  in'ji-lo  lo-de-ji'no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Milan,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lodi.     P.  8500. 

Santauilla  (s&n-t&-neery&)  or  Swan  Islands,  two 
islands  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of 
Honduras,  150  miles  N.  of  the  Mosquito  coast,  in  lat.  17° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  83°  50'  W. 

Santa  Ninfa,  sin'ti  neen'fi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Salemi.     Pop.  6685. 

Sant'  Antimo,  sint  in-tee'mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  7 
miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Naples.     Pop.  8612. 

Santa  Paula,  sin'ti  pow'li,  a  post-village  of  Ventura 
CO.,  Cal.,  35  miles  W.  of  San  Fernando.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Santa  Pietra,  sin'ti  pe-i'tr4,  a  town  of  Italy,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  3884. 

Santa  Pola,  sin'ti  po'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  2694. 

San'taquin,  a  post-village  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  about  70 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sant'  Arcangelo,  sint  aR-kin'ji-lo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Forli,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Rimini.     P.  1826. 

Sant'  Arcangelo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  10 
miles  W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  4327. 

Santarein,  sin-ti-r5N°'  (anc.  Scal'abis,  or  Preeaidium 
/u'liiiin),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the  Tagus, 


50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.  Pop.  5937.  It  stands  on  a 
hill,  and  is  divided  into  three  parts, — the  Maravilla,  at  the 
summit,  the  Ribera,  on  the  E.  slope,  and  the  Alfange,  close 
to  the  river.  It  has  Latin  schools,  with  several  palaces, 
now  almost  in  ruins,  but  testifying  to  its  former  grandeur 
when  the  court  was  held  here,  in  the  fifteenth  century. 

Santarein,  sin-ti-r5N»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Par^,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapajos,  at  its  confluence 
with  the  Amazon,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Montalegre.  Pop. 
2500.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  fort  and  the  parish 
church.     Its  chief  trade  is  in  cacao  and  medicinal  plants. 

Santarem  Channel,  West  Indies,  between  the  Great 
Bahama  and  Salt  Key  Banks,  in  lat.  24°  N.,  Ion.  79°  W., 
is  40  miles  across. 

Santa  Rita,  s&n'ti  ree'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Salinas. 

Santa  Rita,  sS,n'ti  ree'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  S.E.  of  Sao  Joao  del  Rei.     Pop.  5800. 

Santa  Rita,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  Urubahi. 

Santa  Rosa,  s&n't&  ro'zi,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Florida,  bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  1296 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, and  on  the  W.  by  the  Escambia  River.  It  is  also 
drained  by  the  Yellow  River.  Pensacola  Bay  touches  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  poor.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad. 
Capitol,  Milton.  Pop.  in  1870,  3312;  in  1880,  6645;  in 
1890.  7961. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  township  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  1111. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal., 
on  Santo  Rosa  Creek,  and  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Coast 
Range,  and  has  a  delightful  climate,  adapted  to  the  culture 
of  grapes.  It  has  a  court-house,  7  or  S  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  a  savings-bank,  the  Pacific  Methodist 
College  (organized  in  1862),  the  Christian  College,  and 
manufactures  of  iron,  soap,  and  carriages.     P.  (1890)  5220. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co.,  New 
Mexico. 

Santa  Rosa,  s&n'ti  ro's&,  a  town  of  the  United  Stotes 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  40  miles  E.  of  Antio- 
quia.     It  has  rich  gold-mines. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  stote  and  32  miles  N. 
of  Cohahuila.     Pop.  4000.     Near  it  are  silver-mines. 

Santa  Rosa,  an  island  off  the  coa£t  of  California,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Barbara. 

Santa  Rosa  de  los  Andes.    See  Andes. 

Santa  S6,  sin'ti  sk,  a  town  of  Brazil,  stote  of  Bahia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sao  Francisco.     Lat.  10°  30'  S. 

Santa  Tecla,  sin'ti  tfik'li,  a  village  of  Uruguay,  on 
the  Brazilian  frontier,  128  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sao  Pedro  do 
Rio  Grande. 

Santa  Teresa,  sln'ti  ti-ri'si,  a  fort  of  Uruguay,  on 
the  Atlantic,  near  the  Brazilian  frontier,  and  95  miles  N.E. 
of  Maldonado. 

Santa  Trinity,  sin'ti  tre-ne-ti',  a  village  of  Dalmatia, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Cattaro. 

Santa  Trinitii  de  Cava,  sin'ti  tre-ne-ti'  di  ki'vi, 
an  abbey  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  3  miles  N.W.  of 
Salerno.  It  was  founded  in  the  ninth  century,  and  is  ex 
tremely  rich  in  works  of  art. 

Santee,san-tee',  a  post- village  of  Covington  co..  Miss, 
about  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Santee,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  977. 

Santee,a  township  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  2571. 

Santee  A'gency,  a  post- village  of  Knox  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  30  miles  above  Yankton,  S.D.  It  has 
several  churches  and  schools.  Here  is  an  Indian  reserva- 
tion of  the  Santee  Sioux. 

Santee  River,  South  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  Con 
garee  and  Wateree  Rivers,  which  unite  at  the  S.E.  extrem- 
ity of  Richland  co.  It  runs  southeastward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Orangeburg  and  Charleston  cos.  on  the 
right,  and  Clarendon,  AVilliamsburg,  and  Georgetown  cos.  on 
the  left,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  near  lat.  33°  7'  N. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long.  Steamboats  ascend  this  river 
to  Columbia.  * 

Sant'  EliaFiume  Rapido,sint  i-lee'i  fee-oo'm* 
ri-pee'do,  a  town  of  Itoly,  province  of  Caserta,  4  miles  from 
San  Germane.     Pop.  2682. 

Santen,  or  Saucten,  Prussia.    See  Xanten. 

Sant'  Eramo  in  Colle,  sint  i-ri'mo  in  kol'li,  a 


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2395 


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town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  11  miles  E.  of  Altamura. 
Pop.  9253. 

Santerno,  sin-tJR'no  (anc.  Vatre'nus),  a  river  of 
Italy,  in  Tuscany  and  Emilia,  joins  the  Po  di  Primaro  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Ravenna.     Length,  55  miles. 

Santerre,  86N»HfiR',  an  old  subdivision  of  France,  now 
forming  the  E.  part  of  the  department  of  Somme. 

Sant'  £nfemia,  sint  i-oo-fi'me-1,  several  places  in 
Italy,  particularly  a  village  in  Calabria,  on  a  river,  17  miles 
N.W,  of  Reggio.     Pop.  6252.     See  Santa  Edfemia. 

Santhik,  s&nHe-&',  or  Sant'  Agata^  s&nt  k'gk-ti,,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Vercelli,  on 
the  canal  extending  thence  to  Ivrea.     Pop.  3249. 

Santiago^  s&n-te-^'go,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  after  an  E. 
course  of  180  miles,  joins  the  Amazon  at  Santiago,  about 
lat.  4°  12'  S.,  Ion.  77°  20'  W. 

Santiago,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  department  of  Imba- 
bura,  enters  Saldinas  Bay  50  miles  N.E.  of  Esmeraldas, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  75  miles. 

Santiago,  a  river  of  San  Salvador,  enters  the  Pacific 
20  miles  W.  of  Sonsonate. 

Santiago,  san^tQ-a'go,  a  post-township  of  Sherburne 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  branch  of  Elk  River,  about  20  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  205. 

Santiago,  sin-te-i'go,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  near  the  Brazil  frontier,  190 
miles  S.E.  of  Chiquitos. 

Santiago,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  department  of  Asuay,  on 
the  Amazon,  at  the  influx  of  the  Santiago. 

Santiago,  s4n-te-i'go,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Jalisco,  near  the  Rio  Grande,  58  miles  S.E.  of  Acaponeta. 

Santiago,  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Lower  California, 
on  the  Gulf  of  California,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Lucas. 

Santiago,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz, 
near  Jalapa. 

Santiago,  a  town  of  Paraguay,  near  the  Paranfi,  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Itapua. 

Santiago,  s^n-te-i'go,  or  Ribeira  Grande,  re-B&'- 
e-ri  grin'di,  Cape  Verd  Islands,  a  town  with  a  small  har- 
bor, 7  miles  W.  of  Porto  Praya. 

Santiago,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Tencriffe. 

Santiago,  s&n-te-&'go.  Saint  Ja'go,  or  Saint 
James  (Port.  Santhiago,  or  Samtiago,  s5wNo-te-3,'go),  the 
largest  and  southernmost  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  off  the  W.  extremity  of  Africa.  Lat.  15° 
N. ;  Ion.  23°  40'  W.  Length,  35  miles  ;  breadth,  12  miles. 
Pop.  32,000.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  Mount  St.  An- 
tonio, in  its  centre,  rises  to  7400  feet  in  height.  More  corn 
is  raised  than  is  required  for  home  consumption ;  other  prod- 
ucts are  physic-nuts,  coffee,  sugar,  indigo,  cotton,  tropical 
fruits,  and  poultry.  Cotton  stuffs  manufactured  in  the 
island,  mules,  salt,  and  archil  are  among  the  exports.  Chief 
town,  Porto  Praya. 

Santiago,  sin-te-i'go,  a  province  of  Chili,  between 
lat.  33°  and  34°  S.  and  Ion.  70°  and  72°  W.,  having  N.  the 
province  of  Aconcagua  and  S.  Colchagua.  Area,  7715 
square  miles.     Principal  river,  the  Maypu.     Within  that 

Eortion  of  the  Andes  that  runs  through  this  province  is  to 
e  found  the  peak  of  Tupungato,  rising  to  the  height  of 
15,000  feet.  Within  its  limits,  also,  are  the  mineral  waters 
of  Colina  and  Apoquindo,  much  resorted  to.  Principal 
cities,  Santiiigo  de  Chili  and  Rancagua.     Pop.  365,940. 

Santiago,  or  Santiago  del  Estero,  s&n-te-i'go 
di\  5s-ti'ro,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  capital  of 
a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Rio  Dulce.     Pop.  7775. 

Santiago,  or  Santiago  del  Estero,  the  central 
province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  between  lat.  27°  and 
30°  S.  and  Ion.  61°  30'  and  65°  40'  W.  Area,  30,524  square 
miles.  Pop.  132,898.  It  comprises  cultivated  tracts  along 
the  rivers  Salado  and  Dulce,  which  produce  good" crops  of 
wheat  and  maize,  with  some  cochineal,  honey,  wax,  sugar, 
and  indigo.     Principal  towns,  Santiago  and  Matara. 

Santiago  Atitlan,  sin-te-&'go  &-teet-ld.n',  a  town  of 
Guatemala,  90  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  between 
two  volcanoes,  from  8000  to  10,000  feet  in  elevation,  and 
near  the  lake  of  Atitlan.     Pop.  20,000. 

Santiago  de  Arma,  South  America.    See  Arua. 

Santiago  de  Caballeros.  See  Guatemala  la  An- 
tigua. 

Santiago  de  Cacem,  s&n-te-&'go  d&  k&-sdN«'  (anc. 
Mirobriga),  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura, 
at  the  foot  of  a  castle-crowned  height,  near  the  coast,  34 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Setubal.  Pop.  2000.  It  has  ruined  forti- 
fications and  other  remains. 

Santiago  de  Calatrava.    See  Calatrava. 

Santiago  de  Carbajo,  sin-te-A'go  d^  kan-b&'HO,  a 


village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  about  50  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Caceres,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  1462. 

Santiago  de  Chili,  s&n-te-&'go  d4  chil'lee  (Sp.  iS'an- 
tiago  de  Chile,  sin-te-i'go  di  chee'li),  the  capital  city  of 
Chili,  situated  in  a  large  and  fertile  plain,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Andes,  at  an  elevation  of  about  1800  feet,  90  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Valparaiso.  Lat.  33°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  43'  38" 
W,  The  Mapocha,  a  rapid  stream,  divides  it,  the  principal 
part  being  on  the  N.  or  right  bank  of  the  river.  The  city 
is  laid  out  in  squares,  with  streets  intersecting  one  another 
at  right  angles,  but,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of  earthquakes, 
the  houses  are  seldom  more  than  one  story  high,  and  gen- 
erally occupy  a  large  space,  having  gardens  and  courts  in 
the  interior.  They  are  plentifully  supplied  with  water, 
many  of  them  being  stately  mansions,  fitted  up  with  splen- 
dor and  elegance.  There  are  lines  of  street-railway,  and 
the  city  is  the  terminus  of  two  important  railway  lines, 
connecting  it  with  Valparaiso  and  Curio6. 

Santiago  possesses  very  fine  public  walks.  The  Alameda 
is  a  promenade  of  more  than  a  mile  in  extent,  consisting 
of  three  double  rows  of  poplars,  with  a  stream  of  running 
water  between.  The  Tajamar,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mapo- 
cha, is  nearly  3  miles  long,  and  consists  of  an  embankment 
of  solid  masonry  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  city 
from  the  inroads  of  the  river.  The  view  towards  the  Andes 
is  here  wholly  unobstructed ;  it  embraces  the  grandest  dis- 
play of  mountain-scenery  perhaps  to  be  found  in  the  world. 
The  Plaza,  or  Great  Square,  is  a  large  open  area,  adorned 
with  a  fine  fountain ;  on  the  N.  side  is  the  old  palace,  an 
irregular,  heavy-looking  pile,  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
presidents,  now  used  as  barracks,  prison,  and  treasury.  On 
the  W.  side  stands  the  cathedral,  a  capacious  edifice.  The 
mint  is  a  handsome  building,  of  a  quadrangular  form. 

Santiago  is  an  archbishop's  see,  the  seat  of  the  supreme 
government,  of  the  courts  of  law,  and  of  the  legislature. 
It  has  also  numerous  churches  and  monastic  establishments, 
2  large  and  well-endowed  hospitals,  that  of  "  San  Juan  de 
Dies"  for  males,  and  that  of  "  San  Francisco  de  Borjas"  for 
females.  The  inhabitants  are  remarkably  kind  and  hospi- 
table to  strangers.  Among  the  public  buildings  and  insti- 
tutions are  the  city  hall,  archbishop's  palace,  congress 
building,  extensive  barracks,  arsenals,  the  penitentiary, 
the  university,  academy  of  science,  normal  and  professional 
schools,  and  public  library. 

Santiago  was  founded  in  1541  by  Valdivia,  one  of  the 
Spanish  conquerors.  It  early  became  a  populous  and  opu- 
lent city,  but  the  jealous  policy  of  Spain  checked  the  progress 
of  this  place;  and  it  was  only  when  Chili  threw  off  the 
yoke  of  the  mother-country  that  it  sprang  into  active  life. 
From  that  time  it  has  steadily  and  rapidly  advanced  in 
civilization,  population,  and  wealth.  Estimated  popula- 
tion in  1890,  250,000. 

Santiago  de  Compostela,  sin-te-i'go  di  kom-pos- 
ti'li  ("Saint  James  of  Compostel'la"),  or  simply  Coni> 
postela  (anc.  Cumpua  Stellm  ?),  a  city  of  Spain,  province 
and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corunna,  on  the  Sar.  Pop.  26,928. 
The  cathedral,  with  a  modern  front,  noble  cloisters,  and  a 
portion  of  the  original  edifice  of  the  ninth  century,  has  a 
very  striking  interior,  and  each  of  its  sides  faces  a  public 
square,  in  one  of  which  squares  is  the  diocesan  seminary, 
also  a  large  hospital,  founded  by  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  in 
1504,  for  the  pilgrims  who  resort  to  the  city,  the  area  of 
the  square  serving  for  a  bull-ring.  Santiago  bas  numerous 
other  hospitals  and  convents,  churches,  a  university,  and 
manufactures  of  hosiery,  cotton,  hats,  and  leather;  but  its 
chief  resources  are  in  its  ecclesiastical  establishments,  and 
the  resort  to  it  of  numerous  devotees,  the  roads  around  it 
being  so  bad  as  scarcely  to  admit  of  commercial  traflBc.  It 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  metropolis  of  the 
knightly  order  of  Compostella.  Santiago  declined  after  the 
Reformation,  which  diminished  the  number  of  pilgrims, 
offerings,  and  legacies;  and  the  removal  of  the  captain- 
general  and  the  audiencia  to  Corunna  has  completed  the 
impoverishment. 

Santiago  de  Cotagayta,  sin-te-i'go  di  ko-tir-ghi'- 
ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potosi,  on  the 
river  Cotagayta,  an  aflHuent  of  the  Pilcomayo. 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  sin-te-i'go  di  koo'bi,  a  mari- 
time city  and  formerly  the  capital  of  Cuba,  now  the  second 
in  rank  and  population  in  the  island,  and  capital  of  its 
B.  division,  on  the  river  Santiago,  6  miles  from  its  mouth 
on  the  S.  coast.  Lat.  19°  55'  9"  N.;  Ion.  75°  50'  W.  It 
is  well  built,  with  wide  streets,  and  houses  chiefly  of  stone ; 
but,  being  hemmed  in  by  mountains,  it  is  unhealthy.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  cathedral,  several  other  churches, 
a  college,  a  hospital,  and  numerous  convents  and  schools 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  the  residence  of  a  governor. 


SAN 


2396 


SAN 


It  is  the  terminus  of  2  railways,  and  its  streets  are  lit  with 
gas.  Its  port,  4  miles  in  length,  is  well  sheltered,  defended  by 
several  forts,  and  deep  enough  for  ships  of  the  line.  In 
commercial  importance  Santiago  ranks  immediately  after 
Havana  and  Matanzas.  It  has  telegraph  wires  to  the  prin- 
cipal towns  on  the  island.  Steamers  ply  regularly  between 
Santiago  de  Cuba  and  Batabano,  touching  at  Cienfuegos, 
Trinidad,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Manzanillo.     Pop.  45,000. 

Santiago  de  Guatiiuala.    See  Guatemala. 

Santiago  de  la  Espada,  s3,n-te-&'go  di  13,  ds-p&'s&^ 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  73  miles  N.E.  of  Jaen,  in 
an  elevated  portion  of  the  Sierra  de  Segura.     Pop.  J800. 

Santiago  de  las  Atalayas,  s^n-te-i'go  d^  lis  &-t&- 
li'&s,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  of 
Boyaod,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bogota. 

Santiago  de  las  Yegas,  s3,n-te-&'go  d&  lis  T4,'g3,s^ 
a  town  of  Cuba,  15  miles  S.  of  Havana. 

Santiago  de  la  Veja,  Jamaica.    See  Spanish  Town. 

Santiago  de  Leon  de  Caracas.    See  Caracas. 

Santiago  de  los  Caballeros,  s&n-te-S,'go  dk  loce 
ki-B&l-yi'roce,  a  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  in  its  N.  part,  on 
the  Yaque  River,  103  miles  E.  of  Cape  Haytien.     P.  8000. 

Santiago  de  Yeragua.    See  Veragua. 

Santiam  (sanHe-am')  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range  by  two  branches  called  the  North  and  South 
Forks.  It  runs  westward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Linn  and  Marion  cos.,  and  enters  the  Willamette 
River  a  few  miles  below  Albany. 

Santilla,  a  river  of  Georgia.    See  Satilla. 

Sautiponce,  sin-te-pftn'thi  (anc.  Ital'ica),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  N.W.  of  Seville,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  1323. 

Santipoor,  sanH§-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea 
district,  on  the  Hoogly,  60  miles  above  Calcutta.  It  is  noted 
for  its  muslins  and  indigo,  and  has  also  jute-weaving  and 
large  sugar-refineries.     Pop.  28,635. 

Santissima  Trinidad  de  Buenos  Ayres.  See 
Bdenos  Ayres. 

Santisteban  del  Puerto,  sin-tees-ti-Bin'  dSl  pwfiR'- 
to,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  32  miles  from  Jaen. 

Sant  JanMolenbeek.  See  Molenbeek. 

Santo  Agostinho.    See  Cape  Saint  Ahqustink. 

Santo  Amara,  s&n'to  &-m&'r&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Jacuhi.     Pop.  2600. 

Santo  Amaro,  s&n'to  &-m&'ro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Vazabarris,  with  a  port 
and  an  active  trade.  Santo  Amaro  is  also  the  name  of 
other  towns  in  the  states  of  Bahia  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Santo  Antonio,  Brazil.    See  Necessidades. 

Santo  Antonio,  sin'to  in-to'ne-o,  the  northernmost 
and  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands.  Lat.  (N. 
point)  17°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  5'  7"  W.  It  is  of  great  height, 
its  loftiest  summit  attaining  an  elevation  of  7400  feet  above 
the  surface  of  the  sea.  Area,  210  square  miles.  Chief 
town,  Santiago.     Pop.  29,000. 

Santo  Antonio  d'Amarantho,  sin'to  in-to'ne-o 
di-mi-rin'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  near 
the  river,  and  below  the  town  of  Cuyab^. 

Santo  Antonio  da  Patrulha,  s&n'to  in-to'ne-o  di 
pi-trool'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
E.N.E.  of  Porto  Alegre. 

Santo  Antonio  de  Sa,  sin'to  in-to'ne-o  di  si,  or 
Macacu,  mi-ki-koo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  30 
miles  N.E,  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  the  Macacu.     Pop.  7000. 

Santo  Antonio  dos  Guarulhos,  sin'to  in-to'ne  o 
doce  gwi-rool'yoce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  on  the  Parahiba,  opposite  Campos.     Pop.  6000. 

Santo  Domingo,  sin'to  do-meeng'go,  also  called 
San  Domingo,  sin  do-ming'go,  Saint  Domingo,  or 
The  Domin'ican  Republic,  a  state  of  the  West  In- 
dies, occupying  the  eastern  and  larger  part  of  the  island 
of  Hayti  (which  see),  it  being  more  than  twice  as  large  as 
the  republic  of  Hayti.  Length,  260  miles;  breadth,  165 
miles.  Area,  20,595  square  miles.  It  is  a  very  fertile 
country,  producing  tobacco,  cotton,  molasses,  cacao,  coffee, 
fruits,  fustic,  mahogany,  and  live-stock.  Much  gold  was 
formerly  obtained.  The  people  are  mostly  of  mixed  African, 
Spanish,  and  Indian  descent,  and  use  the  Spanish  language 
instead  of  the  corrupt  French  of  Hayti.  In  spite  of  the 
richest  natural  resources,  the  country  is  not  very  prosperous, 
though  utter  poverty  is  rare.  Chief  towns,  Santo  Domingo 
(the  capital),  Samana,  and  Santiago  de  los  Caballeros.  Santo 
Domingo  was  first  settled  by  Spaniards  under  Columbus,  in 
1492,  at  a  place  called  Isabella,  and  became  an  important 
Spanish  colony.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  Haytian  republic 
from  1803  till  1806,  and  again  from  1822  till  1844,  the 
Spanish  yoke  having  been  finally  thrown  oflf  in  1821.     The 


Spanish  temporarily  occupied  the  country  from  1863  till 
1865,  but  were  expelled  by  the  people.  In  1871  Santo  Do- 
mingo, by  a  nearly  unanimous  popular  vote,  asked  to  be 
annexed  to  the  United  States,  but  the  request  was  not 
acceded  to.     Pop.  in  1885  (officially  estimated),  400,000. 

Santo  Domingo,  or  San  Domingo  (Fr.  iiaint- 
Domingue,  siNo-do^meenG'),  a  city,  capital  of  the  republic 
of  Santo  Domingo,  on  the  S.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Ozama,  lat.  18°  28'  N.,  Ion.  69°  55'  W.  It  is  walled^ 
and  is  the  seat  of  a  university,  and  of  an  archbishop,  whose 
cathedral  is  the  finest  building  in  the  town.  Santo  Do- 
mingo was  founded  in  1694  by  Bartholomew  Columbus;  and 
here  Christopher  Columbus  was  buried ;  but  whether  his 
remains  are  still  here,  or  were  removed  hence  to  Havana  iu 
1795,  is  a  disputed  point.  The  town  has  some  trade  by  sea. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Santo  Domingo,  sin'to  do-ming'go,  an  islet  on  the 
Great  Bahama  Bank,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Las  Nuevitas. 

Santo  Domingo,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  in  Cundinamarca,  60  miles  E.  of  Antioquia. 

Santo  Domingo  Coban,  Guatemala.    See  Coban. 

Santo  Domingo  Siuacantan,  sin'to  do-ming'go 
se-ni-kin-tin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa,  on  the 
borders  of  Tabasco.     Pop.  2500. 

Sant  Oedenrode,  sint  oM§n-ro'd§h,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  4462. 

Santomera,  sin-to-mi'ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  3078. 

Santoua,  sin-ton'yi,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  16  miles  E.  of  Santander,  on  a  peninsular  head- 
land in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  Pop.  934.  It  has  an  arsenal, 
barracks,  military  magazines,  anchor-forges,  and  a  port 
adapted  for  ships  of  the  line. 

Sant*  Oreste,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Oreste. 

Santorini,  sin-to-ree'nee,  Santorin,  sin-to-reen', 
Thera,  thi'ri,  or  Calliste,  kil-lees'ti,  an  island  of  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  13  miles  S.  of  the  island  of  Nio. 
Length,  10  miles.  Area,  41  square  miles.  Pop.  12,000. 
The  surface  is  arid,  but  by  industry  it  is  rendered  productive 
in  barley,  cotton,  wine,  and  figs ;  wine  is  the  staple  product. 
The  soil  is  mostly  volcanic,  and  in  1866-70  a  new  volcano 
poured  out  great  volumes  of  lava.     Capital,  Thera. 

Santos,  sin'tocc,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
34  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  of  which  it  is  the 
port,  on  tne  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Engua-Guapu.  Lat. 
23°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  19'  W.  Its  harbor  admits  large  ves- 
sels, and  it  has  an  active  export  trade,  chiefly  in  coffee.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  prison,  an  arsenal,  potteries, 
lime-kilns,  tan-yards,  street-railways,  gas-works,  and  a 
water-supply.     Pop.  9871. 

Santos,  Los,  loce  sin'tooe,  a  town  of  the  United  Stateh 
of  Colombia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Parita,  S.S.E.  of  Parito. 

Santo  Stefauo,  sin'to  stSf'i-no,  or  San  Stefano, 
sin  stSf'i-no,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  Adriatic,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Budua. 

Santo  Stefano,  sin'to  stSfi-no,  or  San  Stefano, 
sin  stfif'i-no  ("Saint  Stephen"),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  14  miles  W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi. 

Santo  Stefano,  or  San  Stefano,  a  town  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  1088. 

Santo  Stefano,  an  islet  ofi"  the  N.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Santo  (or  San)  Stefano  Belbo,  sin'to  (or  sin)  stfif-  J 
i-no  bfil'bo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  13  miles  E.S.E.  '■ 
of  Alba.     Pop.  2875. 

Santo  (or  San)  Stefano  di  Magra,  sin'to  (or  sin) 
stfif'i-no  dee  mi'gri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
16  miles  E.  of  Levanto,  on  the  Magra.     Pop.  1855. 

Santo  (or  San)  Stefano  Roero,  sin'to  (or  sin)  stSf- 
i-no  ro-i'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Alba. 

Santo  Stephano  di  Camastra,  sin'to  st£f'i-no  de 
ki-mis'tri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  N.  coast,  province  of 
Messina,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Mistretta.     Pop.  4436. 

SantQ  Stephano  Quisquina,  kwees-kwee'ni,  a 
town  of  Sicily,  4  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Bivona.     Pop.  5593. 

Santo  Tomas,  sin'to  to-mis',  a  seaport  of  Guatemala, 
on  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guatemala. 

SanHuck',  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Spartanburg  A  Union  Railroad,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia. It  has  3  stores  and  a  steam  saw-  and  grist-mi" 
Pop.  of  Santuck  township,  1879. 

San  Valentino,  sin  vi-lSn-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3134. 

San  Yeromilis,  sin  vi-ro-mee'lis,  a  village  of  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  7  miles  N.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  2097. 

Sanvic,  sftN^Veek',  a  village  of  France,  Seine-Inferieure, 
forming  a  northern  suburb  of  Havre.     Pop.  3456 


SAN 


2397 


SAO 


San  Vicente,  sin  ve-sJn'ti  ("  Saint  Vincent"),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles  N.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  6292. 

San  Vicente,  sin  vo-sfin'ti,  a  town  of  San  Salvador, 
25  miles  E.S.E,  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.  Pop.  8000. 
Around  it  are  indigo-  and  tobacco-plantations,  and  near  it 
is  the  volcano  of  San  Vicente,  an  enormous  mass  of  irregular 
ehape,  with  numerous  projecting  eminences  and  chasms. 

San  Vicente,  sin  ve-s5n'ti,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Los  Angeles  <fc  Independence  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Los  Angeles. 

San  Vicente  de  la  Barquera,  sin  ve-sin'ti  di  li 
baR-ki'ri,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles  W.  of 
Santander.  The  harbor  is  secure,  and  can  admit  vessels  of 
considerable  burden.     Pop.  818. 

San  Vicente  del  Raspeig,  sin  ve-thSn'ti  dSl  ris- 
pi-eeg',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  4  miles  from  Ali- 
cante,    Pop.  1289. 

San  Vito,  sin  vee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  2814. 

San  Vito,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
on  a  hill,  near  the  Adriatic,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ortona.  Pop. 
of  commune,  4089. 

San  Vito,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Squillace. 

San  Vito,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  3032. 

San  Vito,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Trapani,  near  the  cape  of  its  own  name.  It  has  an  an- 
chorage for  small  vessels  and  a  fishery. 

San  Vito  degli  Schiavi,8in  vee'to  dil'ye  ske-i'vee, 
a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecoe,  15  miles  W.  of 
Brindisi.  It  was  founded  by  a  Slavonian  colony  (whence 
its  name).     Pop.  of  commune,  1605. 

San  Vito  dei  Normanni,  sin  vee'to  di'e  nor-min'- 
nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  12  miles  from  Brin- 
disi.    Pop.  6328. 

San  Vittore,  sin  vit-to'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  district  of  Sora.     Pop.  1807. 

San  Xavier,  island.    See  Saint  Xavier. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier),  san  ziv'e-§r  (Sp.  pron.  sin 
ni-ve-aiR'),  a  river  of  California,  tributary  to  the  Colorado. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier),  sin  Hi-ve-aiR',  a  hamlet  of 
the  Argentine  Republic,  department  and  90  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Santa  F4. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier),  a  village  of  Bolivia,  province 
iind  130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santa  Cruz,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Miimore. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier)  del  Bac,  sin  Hi-ve-aiR'  dSl 
bik,  a  village  of  Pima  oo.,  Arizona,  10  miles  S.  of  Tucson. 
Its  people  are  Papago  Indians. 

San  Ygnacio,  sin  eeg-ni'se-o,  a  post-office  of  Zapata 
CO.,  Tex. 

San  Ysidro,  sin  e-see'dro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Ana 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  56  miles  W.  of  Santa  F6.  It  has  a  church 
and  nearly  20  houses. 

Sanza,  sin'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
13  miles  N.  of  Policastro.     Pop.  3129. 

S&o  Bento,  s5wn"  bSn'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Alagoas,  district  of  Porto  Calvo.     Pop.  3000. 

Sfto  Bernardo,  s5wn<>  bdR-naR'do,  a  city  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Ceard,  on  the  Russas,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cear&. 
Pop.  6000. 

Sfto  Ciiristovfto,  s6wn«  krees-to-vSws^,  or  Sergipe, 
fi^R-zhee'pi,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sergipe,  on  the  Pare- 
mapama,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. 

Sfto  Felipe  de  Bcngnela.     See  BENonELA. 

Sfto  Feliz  (or  Felis),  s5wn»  fi-lees',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  280  miles  N.N.E.  of  Qoyaz,  on  a  small  auriferous 
river  of  the  same  name,  a  tributary  of  the  MaranhSo. 

Sfto  Francisco,  sSwn»  frin-sees'ko,  or  Saint  Fran> 
cis'co,  often  called  San  Francisco,  a  large  and  im- 
portant river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  state  of  Minas-Qeraes, 
lat.  20°  S.,  Ion.  45°  W.,  flows  N.,  N.E.,  and  B.,  separating 
the  states  of  Bahia  and  Pemambuco,  and  enters  the  At- 
lantic by  two  mouths,  in  lat.  10°  24'  S.,  Ion.  36°  20'  W. 
Length,  1200  miles.  Its  navigation  is  impeded  by  the  falls 
of  Paulo  Affonzo,  a  series  of  magnificent  cataracts,  160 
miles  from  its  mouth ;  but  above  this  it  is  navigable  to  the 
influx  of  the  Rio  das  Velhas,  900  miles. 

Sfto  Francisco,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  in  the  state 
of  Santa  Catharina,  which  enters  the  Atlantic  opposite  the 
island  of  SSo  Francisco.     Length,  100  miles. 

Sfto  Francisco,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  Atlantic, 
separated  from  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina  by  a  narrow 
channel.  Length,  20  miles.  Its  capital,  of  the  same  name, 
is  in  lat.  26°  12'  S.,  Ion.  48°  43'  W. 

Sfto  Francisco,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  45  miles 


N.W.  of  Bahia,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  All-Saints  Bay, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Serigi. 

Sfto  Francisco  de  Fanla,  Brazil.    See  Pelotab. 

Sfto  Gon9alo,  sdwic  gAu  si'lo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  the  Potengi,  12  miles  W.  of  Natal. 

Sfto  Gon^alo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  75  miles 
N.E.  of  P*io  de  Janeiro. 

Sfto  Gon^alo  d'Amarante,  sdwM*  gon-si'lo  di-mi- 
rin-ti,  to wn  of  Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oeiras. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joani),  s5wr*  zho-SwM"',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, 1  mile  W.  of  Oporto.  It  has  a  fort  and  baths,  and 
is  a  place  of  resort  for  the  inhabitants  of  Oporto. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  da  Barra,  sSwn"  zho-SwiP^  dft 
baR'Ri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Campos,  on  the  Parahiba,  near  the  Atlantic. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  da  Foz,  s5w»«  zho-fiws>'  d& 
foz,  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  3  miles  W.  of  Oporto, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Douro.     Pop.  3450. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  da  Palma,85wN<>zho-5wK*'di 
p&l'mi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  400  miles  N.  of  Qoyaz, 
between  the  Palma  and  Parannan. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  d'Areas,  sSwn*  zho-5wN»'  di- 
ri'is,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  20  miles  from 
Viseu.     Pop.  2004. 

Sfto  Joao  (or  Joam)  das  Duas  Barras,  s5wn" 
zho-5wN»'  dis  doo'is  baR'nis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Goyaz,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Araguay  and  Tocantins. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  das  Lampas,sow}i»zho-8wN«' 
dis  lim'pis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  near 
Alemquer.     Pop.  2700. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  del  Rei,  sSwno  zho-6wN«'  dil 
ri'e,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  80  miles  S.W. 
of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  5000. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  de  Pesqneira,  s5wn"  zho- 
5wN«'  di  p4s-ki'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  22  miles 
E.  of  Lamego,  on  the  Douro.     Pop.  2688. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  do  Principe,  sSwii"  Bho-Swii^ 
do  preen 'se-pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Ceari,  on  the 
Jaguaribe.     Lat.  6°  5'  S. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  do  Principe,  s5wii»  zho-5wiK 
do  preen'se-pi,  or  Marcos,  maR'koce,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.     Pop.  6000. 

Sfto  Jorge,  SOWN"  zhoR'zhi,  or  Saint  George,  one 
of  the  Azores  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  W.  of  Terceira.  Lat. 
of  S.E,  point,  38°  32'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  27°  46'  W.  Length,  29 
miles ;  breadth,  5  miles.  Soil  fertile,  and  it  contains  good 
pastures  and  extensive  woods.  Principal  town.  Villa  das 
Velhiis.     Pop.  18,000. 

Sfto  Jorge  dos  Alamos,  Brazil.    See  Vioia. 

Sfto  Jorge  dos  Ilheos,  sSwno  zhoR'zbi  doce  eel-yi'- 
oce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  130  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  dos  Ilheos  in  the  Atlantic.  It  has 
a  good  harbor,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  in  Brazil, 
having  been  founded  in  1535.     Pop.  3000. 

Sfto  Jo86  (or  Joz6),  s5wn<>  zho-zi',  a  bay  of  Brazil, 
E.  side  of  the  island  of  MaranhSo,  formed  by  the  moutha 
of  the  Moni  and  Itapiouru.     It  is  about  24  miles  long. 

Sfto  Jos6  (or  Joz6),  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  near  the  Rio  das  Mortes,  260  miles  S.W.  of  Ouro 
Preto. 

Sfto  Jos6  (or  Joz6),  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa 
Catharina,  on  a  creek  in  the  Bay  of  Santa  Catharina,  4 
miles  W.  of  Desterro. 

Sfto  3os€  (or  Joz6),  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  60 
miles  N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo,  near  the  Parahiba.  Lat.  23* 
12'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  W.  It  was  originally  founded  by  the  Jes- 
uits, who  established  a  college  here,  in  which  they  educated 
a  great  number  of  Indians.     Pop.  of  the  district,  4000. 

Sfto  Jo86  (or  Joz6)  do  Norte,  s5wn>  zho-zi'  d& 
noR'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  5  miles  N.  of  Rio  Grande 
do  Sul,  between  the  Atlantic  and  Lago  de  los  Patos.  Pop. 
of  the  district,  3000. 

Sfto  Leopoldo,  sSwn*  li-o-pol'do,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  between  the  Sino  and  Cahi,  30 
miles  N.  of  Porto  Alegre.  It  was  founded  in  1824  by  a 
colony  of  Germans  under  the  patronage  of  the  Empress 
Leopoldina.     Pop.  of  the  district,  15,531. 

Sfto  Louren^o  do  Bairro,  sdwN*  lA-rSn'so  do  biR'- 
Ro,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro,  18  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Aveiro.     Pop.  1702. 

Sfto  Luiz,  Brazil.     See  Maranhao. 

Sfto  Mamede,  s5wn«  mi-mi'di,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  Douro,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lamego. 

Sfto  iHartinho,  or  Sfto  Ulartinbo  do  Porto,  sdwn* 
maR-teon'yo  do  poR'to,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Atlantic,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Alcobaja.     Pop.  1234. 

Sfto  iHartinho  dc  Mouros,  sdwM"  maR-teen'yo  di 


SAO 


2398 


SAP 


md'roce,  or  S&o  Martinho  dos  Mouros,  sown"  maii- 
teen'yo  doce  m8'roce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Lamego,  near  the  Douro.     Pop.  1993. 

Sfto  Matheos,  SOWN"  mi-ti'oce  ("Saint  Matthew"), 
sometimes  written  Matheus,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Espirito  Santo,  16  miles  from  the  Atlantic.  It  has  a  church, 
a  Latin  and  2  primary  schools,  arid  a  considerable  export 
trade  in  manioc  flour,  sugar,  and  millet. 

Sfto  Matheos,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  190  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cear^,  on  the  Jaguaribe. 

Sfto  Mignely  sSwn»  me-gh81'  ("Saint  Michael"),  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  in  a  bay  of  the 
same  name,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Desterro.  It  has  a  church, 
a  primary  school,  numerous  sugar-works,  a  pottery  for 
making  glazed  earthernware,  and  a  tannery. 

Sfto  Miguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Alagoas,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name. 

Sfto  Miguel}  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  35  miles  N. 
of  Parahiba. 

Sfto  Miguel,  one  of  the  Azores.    See  Saint  Michael. 

Sfto  Miguel  d'Acha,  sown*  me-ghil'  d&'sh&,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  9  miles  E.  of  Castello  Branco. 

Sfto  Miguel  das  Areas,  Brazil.    See  Areas. 

Sfto  Miguel  de  Piracicaba,  sSwn"  me-gh81'  di  pe- 
ri-se-ki'bi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes, 
E.S.E.  of  Cahete.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre, and  presents  a  very  pleasing  appearance,  the  houses 
being  provided  with  gardens.     It  has  4  churches. 

Saona,  si-o'ni,  an  island  o£F  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Hayti,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  shallow  channel,  10  miles 
across.     Length,  15  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Sadne,  son  (anc.  A'rar),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
S.  part  of  the  department  of  Vosges,  passes  Port-sur-Sa8ne 
and  Gray,  and  enters  the  Rhone  on  the  right  at  Lyons. 
Length,  316  miles.  It  communicates  by  canals  with  the 
Rhine,  Yonne,  and  Loire. 

Sadne- et-IiOire,  son-&-lwaR,  a  department  in  the 
E.  part  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of 
Burgundy.  Area,  3270  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  619,523. 
It  is  traversed  from  S.  to  N.  by  the  mountains  of  the  C8te- 
d'Or,  which  separate  the  basins  of  the  Sa8ne  and  Rhone, 
and  is  watered  by  the  Sa6ne,  Loire,  and  Arroux,  all  navi- 
gable, and  connected  by  the  Canal  du  Centre.  One-fifth 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Corn  is  raised,  and  the  wines 
of  M^connois  and  of  Ch^lonnois  are  esteemed.  It  has  rich 
mines  of  coal  and  iron.  The  most  important  are  those  of 
Le  Creuzot;  and  the  mineral  springs  of  Bourbon- Lancj' 
are  celebrated.  The  chief  industry  of  the  population  is  in 
mining  and  cattle-rearing.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Ma,con,  Autun,  Chalon,  Cha- 
rolles,  and  Louhans.     Capital,  M^con. 

Sfto  Pficolao.     See  Saint  Nicholas. 

Sfto  Nicolao,  sown»  ne-ko-li'o,  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Piratiny. 

Sfto  Paulo,  s6wN»  pow'lo,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of 
a  state  of  the  same  name,  between  two  tributaries  to  the 
Tiete,  220  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  40  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Santos.  It  is  built  with  little  regard  to  regu- 
larity. The  streets  are  narrow,  but  have  both  centre  and 
side  pavements,  and  the  houses  are  of  earth,  plastered  over, 
and  of  clean,  comfortable,  and  cheerful  appearance.  They  are 
all  roofed  with  tile,  and  for  the  most  part  two  stories  high, 
with  occasional  balconies.  The  environs  are  still  more  at- 
tractive than  the  town,  being  generally  laid  out  in  hand- 
some villas  and  gardens.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral  and  other  churches,  monasteries  and  convents,  the 
governor's  and  the  bishop's  palace,  town  house,  prison,  in- 
firmary, and  military  hospital.  The  educational  establish- 
ments include  a  school  of  law,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  a 
Latin  school,  a  school  of  philosophy,  and  several  primary 
schools.  Sao  Paulo,  as  the  capital  of  the  province,  is  the 
seat  of  several  important  courts,  the  place  where  the  pro- 
vincial assembly  holds  its  sittings,  the  residence  of  the  presi- 
dent, and  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  also  possesses  a  public 
library  and  an  extensive  botanic  garden.  Its  vicinity  is 
picturesque  and  interspersed  with  numerous  villas.  It  is 
one  "of  the  oldest  cities  in  Brazil,  having  been  founded  in 
1554.     Pop.  25,000. 

Sfto  Paulo,  a  state  of  Brazil,  bounded  on  the  N.  and 
N.E.  by  Minas-Geraes  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  E.  by  the  Atlan- 
tic, S.  by  Parang,  and  W.  by  Matto-Grosso.  Lat.  20°  to 
26°  S.;  Ion.  44°  30'  to  55°  W.  Area,  Il2,:i30  square 
miles.  The  coast-line  stretches  from  N.E.  to  S.  W.  for  above 
400  miles.  Part  of  it  in  the  N.E.  is  bold  and  rocky,  but 
the  rest  is  generally  low.  A  mountain-chain,  composed  of 
the  serras  do  Mar  and  Cubatao.  divides  the  narrow  coast- 
line from  the  wide   inland    region   traversed  by  the  Rio 


Grande  and  Iguaju,  besides  several  other  tributaries  of  the 
Parand,  which  form  respectively  its  N.  and  S.  boundaries. 
The  Iguape  is  the  only  river  of  consequence  flowing  into 
the  Atlantic.  This  is  one  of  the  richest  provinces  of  Bra- 
zil. The  products  common  to  South  Europe  are  intermixed 
with  those  of  tropical  climates.  Live-stock  of  many  kinds 
are  numerous ;  gold,  silver,  iron,  sulphur,  and  gems  are 
among  the  mineral  products.  The  province  is  well  sup- 
plied with  means  of  communication  both  by  land  and  by 
water.     Chief  towns,  Sao  Paulo  (the  capital)  and  Santos. 

Sfto  Paulo  de  Loanda.  See  Saint  Paul  de  Loanua. 

Sfto  Pedro,  a  town  of  India.    See  San  Pedro. 

Sfto  Pedro  d' Alcantara,  sown«  pA'dro  d&l-k&n'- 
t&-r&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz,  on  the  Tocantins, 
80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sao  Joao  das  Duas  Barras. 

Sfto  Pedro  do  Rio  Grande,  or  Sfto  Pedro  do 
Sul.     See  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Saorgio,  sI-or'jo,  a  town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Mari- 
times,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Nice. 

Sfto  Komfto,  s6wn»  ro-m6wN»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  Sao  Francisco.  Lat.  15°  22'  S. 
Pop.  3000. 

Sfto  Roque,  sdwN<>  ro'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  4000. 

Sfto  Roque,  Cape.    See  Cape  Saint  Roque. 

Sfto  Salvador,  a  city  of  Brazil.     See  Bahia. 

Sfto  Sebastifto,  s6wn«  s4-bis-te-6wN«',  a  maritime 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  opposite  an  island  of 
the  same  name,  in  lat.  23°  48'  20"  S.  Pop.  of  the  district, 
6000.  The  island  is  separated  from  a  peninsula  of  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  channel.  It  is  12  miles  long  and  6 
miles  broad.     Pop.  3000.     See  also  Fort  Saint  Sebastian. 

Saouk,  si-ook',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  Livonia, 
flows  S.S.W.,  and,  forming  a  junction  with  the  Pernau, 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Livonia.     Length,  45  miles. 

Saoune,  si'oon',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  department  of  Lot,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Garonne 
on  the  right,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Agen,  after  a  course  of  about 
45  miles. 

Sfto  Vicente,  Cape  Verd  Islands.    See  Saint  Vincent. 

Sfto  Vicente,  sSwn"  ve-sfin'ti  ("Saint  Vincent"),  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  sea,  5  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Santos.  This  was  the  first  city  founded  by  the 
Portuguese  in  America,  and  was  long  the  capital  of  South 
Brazil.  Its  port  is  obstructed  by  sand.  It  is  a  sea-bathing 
place.     Pop.  800. 

Saowlee,  si-6w'lee,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and  18 
miles  N.  of  Baroda.     Pop.  5952. 

Sapa  do  Ribeirfto,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Ribeirao. 

Sapan  Tagh,  si-pin'  tig,  a  mountain  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 40  miles  N.W.  of  Van,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  lake. 
Estimated  elevation,  from  9500  to  10,000  feet. 

Saparooa,  Saparoua,  si-pi-roo'i,  or  Honimoa, 
ho-ne-mo'i,  an  island  of  the  Moluccas,  ofi'  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Ceram,  in  lat.  3°  30'  S.,  Ion.  128°  34'  E. 

Sapata,  or  Poolo  Sapata,  poo'lo  si-p&'ti,  an  island 
of  the  China  Sea,  135  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cape  St.  James 
(Cochin  China),  in  lat.  10°  4'  N.,  Ion.  109°  10'  E. 

Sapata,  an  island  ofl'  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo. 

Sapello,  si-pSl'lo,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co.,  New 
Mexico. 

Sape'lo  Isiand,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  forms  a  part 
of  Mcintosh  CO.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  by  from  4  to  6  in 
breadth.  It  lies  between  Sapelo  Sound  on  the  N.  and  Doboy 
Sound  on  the  S.  Lat.  of  light-house  on  Doboy  Sound,  about 
31°  33'  N. 

Saphar,  or  Saphar-Regia.    See  Dhopar. 

Saphet,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Saped. 

Sapienza,  si-pe-8n'zi,  one  of  the  Greek  islands,  off 
the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  2  miles  S.  of  Modon. 

Sapis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Savio. 

Sapo  do  Ribeirfto,  Brazil.    See  Ribeirm). 

Saponara,  si-po-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  ot 
Basilicata,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Marsico  Nuovo.     Pop.  3400. 

Sapozhok,  or  Sapojok,  si-po-zhok',  written  also 
Saposchok,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  2817. 

Sap'pa  Creek  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  and  runs 
nearly  northeastward  through  extensive  treeless  plains.  It 
crosses  the  N.  boundary  of  Kansas,  and  enters  the  Repub- 
lican River  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  200  miles. 

Sappah  River,  Wisconsin.     See  Black  Ritek. 

Sappemeer,  sip^p^h-maiR',  or  Sapmer,  sftp'maiB', 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Groningei^ 
on  the  Winschoten  Canal.     Pop.  of  commune,  3915. 

Sapphara.  a  citv  of  Yemen.     See  Dhopar. 


SAP 


2399 


SAR 


Sap'pington,  a  j)ost-haiiiIet  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sap'poro,  or  Satsuparo^  a  town  of  Japan,  capital 
of  the  island  of  Yezo.  Lat.  43°  3'  56"  N. ;  Ion.  144°  42' 
49"  E.  It  is  on  a  railway,  and  is  the  seat  of  an  agricultural 
college. 

Saptagram,  Bengal.     See  SATSOONe. 

Saptin  Indians.    See  Nez  Percs. 

Saptin  River,  Oregon.    See  Snake  River. 

Sapucahi,  si-poo-ki-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins 
the  Parang,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Sapucahi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Sapucabi  River, 
180  miles  S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  3000. 

Saqqara,  a  village  of  Egypt.     See  Sakkara. 

Saquarema,  si-kwi-ri'mft,  or  Sequarema,  si-kwi- 
ri'mi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  29  miles  E.  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  near  the  Atlantic,  and  on  Lake  Saquarema. 

Sarabat,  si-ri-bit',  Kedoos,  Kedous,  Kedus, 
ke-doos',  written  also  Kodns  and  Geduz  (anc.  Her'mua), 
a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  after  a  W.  course  of  ISO  miles,  en- 
ters the  Gulf  of  Smyrna  by  several  mouths,  8  miles  W.  of 
the  city  of  Smyrna. 

Sara  Bayou,  si'ra  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  a  small  stream 
which  runs  southward  through  West  Feliciana  parish  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  village  of  Bayou  Sara. 

Sarabita,  si-ri-Bee'ti,  or  Suarez,  sw4-r5s',  a  river 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises  near  the  centre  of  the 
country,  flows  N.N.E.  nearly  parallel  to  the  Magdalena, 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  160  miles,  joins  theGalinazo,  or 
Sogamoso,  an  affluent  of  the  Magdalena. 

Saracena,  si-ri-chi'ni  (anc.  Sea' turn),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Calabria,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  3827. 

Sarafshan,  a  province  of  Russia.     See  Zerafshan. 

Saragossa,  si-ri-gos'si  (Sp.  Zamgoza,  thi-ri-go'thS,  ; 
Pr.  Saragoaae,  si^ri^goss' ;  anc.  Cseaaraugua'ta),  a  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Saragossa,  and  of  Aragon, 
on  the  Ebro,  which  separates  it  into  two  portions,  176  miles 
N.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  84,575.  It  is  neatly  built  of  brick, 
and  previous  to  1808-9  its  churches  were  the  most  magnifi- 
cent in  the  peninsula.  Among  the  principal  edifices  are 
the  2  cathedrals,  the  chapter  residing  in  each  alternately 
for  six  months, — the  one  an  ancient  severe  Gothic  church, 
raised  to  the  Saviour,  and  the  other  a  modern  temple,  called 
Nuestra  Senora  del  Pilar ;  the  vast  archiepiscopal  palace, 
which  was  plundered  by  the  French ;  the  remains  of 
the  parliament  house,  built  in  1437-40,  whose  magnificent 
saloons  contained  the  rich  national  archives,  an  excellent 
library,  and  the  portraits  of  the  Aragonese  worthies, — all 
utterly  destroyed  by  the  invaders ;  the  exchange,  built  in 
1551,  a  square  brick  edifice  with  projecting  enriched  soffit 
towers,  covered  with  green  and  white  tiles,  and  having  a  noble 
interior ;  the  Torre  Nueva,  or  Tower  of  San  Felipe,  an  oc- 
tangular clock-tower  for  the  city,  which  leans  considerably 
(about  9  feet)  out  of  the  perpendicular ;  the  old  irregular 
citadel  called  the  Aljafex-ia,  built  by  the  Moors,  which 
Suchet  converted  into  a  barrack,  after  having  damaged  it 
with  his  bombs.  There  are,  besides,  a  hospital  (Casa  de  Mi- 
sericordia),  which  takes  in  from  600  to  700,  old  and  young; 
a  general  hospital,  one  of  the  largest  in  Spain ;  various 
other  benevolent  institutions,  and  numerous  churches, 
among  which  one  of  the  best  is  that  of  San  Pablo,  with  its 
fine  facade  and  columns  and  grand  picturesque  high  altar. 
The  University  of  Saragossa,  founded  in  1474,  ranks  as  the 
third  in  the  kingdom.  Among  its  other  educational  estab- 
lishments are  an  episcopal  seminary,  an  academy  of  the  fine 
arts,  and  a  public  library.  Its  manufactures  of  silks, 
woollens,  and  leather  have  greatly  declined ;  but  it  has  still 
a  considerable  trade  in  agricultural  produce  by  the  Ebro, 
as  well  as  by  canal  and  by  the  railways. 

Saragossa  is  very  ancient,  and  numerous  vestiges  of  Ro- 
man remains  attest  its  former  importance.  Saragossa  early 
renounced  Paganism.  It  was  captured  by  the  Moors  in  the 
eighth  century,  and  was  wrested  from  them  in  1113  after 
a  siege  of  five  years,  when  the  stubborn  population  had 
almost  all  perished  of  hunger.  Below  the  hill  of  Torero, 
General  Stanhope,  on  the  20th  of  August,  1710,  defeated 
Philip  v.,  flying  from  his  defeat  at  Lerida.  ,  In  1808  it 
sustained  two  memorable  sieges.  The  first  was  raised  by 
the  defeat  of  the  French  at  Bailen  ;  but,  being  again  in- 
vested, it  resisted  most  heroically  for  62  days,  but  ultimately 
capitulated,  February  20,  1809.     This  defence  is  reckoned 

among  the  most  heroic  of  modern  times. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  Saragos'san  (Sp.  Zaragozano,  thi-rA-go-thi'no). 

Saragossa  (Sp.  Zaragozn),  a  province  of  Spain,  in 
Aragon,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  Navarre.  Area, 
4607  square  miles.     Capital,  Saragossa.     Pop.  401,894. 


Sarah,  Blair  co..  Pa.     See  Clatsburb. 

Sarah  Fnr'nace,  a  station  of  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Brady's  Bend,  Pa. 

Sa'rahsville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  co..  111.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Carbondale. 

Sarahsville,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township,  Noblo 
CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  is  on  Wills 
Creek,  near  its  source.  Coal  is  found  near  this  place.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  256. 

Saraisk,  or  Zaraisk,  zi-risk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Otter. 
Pop.  5037. 

Sarakino,  s8,-rS,-kee'no,  or  Peristeria,  pi-ris-ti- 
ree'4,  an  islet  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  in  the  Sporades, 
immediately  E.  of  Kilidromi,  6  miles  long. 

Saramaca,  si-ri-mA'ki,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  after 
a  N.  course  of  200  miles  enters  the  Atlantic  30  miles  W.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Surinam. 

Saran,  Bengal.    See  Sarun. 

Saranac,  sir-a-nak'  or  s&r'a-nSk,  the  name  of  two 
connected  lakes  in  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the  Adirondack 
Wilderness.  The  Upper  Saranac  lake  is  about  8  miles  long, 
2  miles  wide,  and  is  1567  feet  higher  than  the  sea-level. 
The  Lower  Saranac  is  inferior  in  size,  is  about  5  miles  E.  of 
the  upper  lake,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Mount  Seward.  Saranac 
River  issues  from  this  lake,  which  derives  a  supply  of  water 
from  Round  Lake  and  the  Upper  Saranac. 

Saranac,  a  post-village  in  Boston  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  25  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  8i  miles 
S.W.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  stave-factory,  2  flour-mills,  4  saw- 
mills, a  tannery,  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Saranac,  a  post-village  in  Saranac  township,  Clintou 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  16  or  17  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a  church,  about  50  houses,  and  a 
starch-factory.  The  township  contains  a  village  named 
lledford,  and  has  some  iron-works.     P.  of  township,  4552. 

Saranac  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Saranac. 

Saranac  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  Saranac  River  where  it  issues  from  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Malone.  It  is  surrounded 
by  beautiful  scenery,  and  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Saranac  River,  in  New  York,  is  the  outlet  of  the 
Saranac  Lakes,  in  Franklin  co.  It  runs  northeastward 
through  a  mountainous  country,  intersects  Clinton  co.,  and 
enters  Lake  Champlain  at  Plattsburg.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long.  At  Cadyville,  9  or  10  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg, 
it  descends  45  feet  in  passing  through  a  gorge  li  miles  long. 

Sarangarh,  Bengal.    See  Sarungurh. 

Saransk,  s&r&nsk',  or  Zaransk',  a  town  of  Russia. 
government  and  70  miles  N.  of  Penza,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Saranga  and  Insara.  Pop.  9369.  It  is  built  mostly  of 
wood,  and  has  2  cathedrals,  salt-magazines,  and  manufao- 
tures  of  soap  and  leather. 

Sarapilly,  si-r4-pil'lee,  a  town  of  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  10  miles  S.  of  Nellore. 

Sarapiqni,  si-ri-pe-kee',  a  river  of  Costa  Rica,  tribu- 
tary to  the  San  Juan,  and  a  principal  channel  of  commu- 
nication between  the  interior  of  Costa  Rica  and  the  Carib- 
bean Sea. 

Sarapool,  Sarapoul,  or  Sarapnl,  8&-r&-pool',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  195  miles  S.E.  of  Viatka, 
on  the  Kama.  Pop.  7688.  The  town,  commanded  by  a 
fort  on  an  adjacent  height,  has  a  cathedral,  a  large  salt- 
magazine,  manufactures  of  soap  and  leather,  and  a,  trade 
in  timber  and  masts. 

Sarare,  s4-ra-ri',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  joins  the  Guapore  in  lat.  14°  61'  S.,  Ion.  60°  30'  W. 
At  one  place  it  passes  within  4  miles  of  the  Suouriu. 

Sarasota,  s&-r&-8o't&,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manatee  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  110  miles  S.  of  Cedar  Keys. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sarasota  Bay,  in  Manatee  co.,  Fla.,  is  an  inlet  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  cut  off"  from  the  open  gulf  by  Sarasota 
Island.  North  of  this  island,  between  it  and  Long  Key,  is 
Sarasota  Pass,  the  main  entrance  of  the  bay. 

Saras'sa,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River. 

Saraswati,  8&-r&s-w&'tee,  a  river  of  India,  rises  near 
Aboo,  in  Joodpoor  dominion,  flows  S.W.  past  Radhunpoor, 
and  enters  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cutcb.  Length,  100 
miles.     It  is  held  sacred  by  the  Hindoos. 

Saratof,  or  Saratofi,  Russia.    See  Saratov. 
Saratoga,  s&r-^-to'ga,  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  NeW 


SAR 


2400 


SAK 


Fork,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mo- 
hawk, and  is  intersected  by  the  Sacondaga  River.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly  or  undulating,  except  the  north- 
ern part,  which  is  mountainous.  It  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  aeh,  beech,  elm,  chestnut, 
sugar-maple,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  lumber,  and  rye  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  slate,  Silurian  (Trenton)  limestone, 
and  Potsdam  sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building.  This 
county  contains  Saratoga  Lake  and  other  smaller  lakes.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Champlain  Canal,  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Canal  Railroad,  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  the 
Mount  McGregor  Railroad.  The  largest  town  of  this  county 
is  Saratoga  Springs,  the  fashionable  watering-plnce.  Cap- 
ital, Ballston  Spa.  Pop.  in  1870,  61,529  j  in  1880,  65,166; 
in  1890,  57,663. 

Saratoga*  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  cc,  Ala. 

Saratoga,  a  post-office  and  mineral  spring  of  Johnson 
eo..  Ark.,  18  miles  from  Clarksville. 

Saratoga*  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Santa  Clara  village,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of 
San  Jos6.  Here  is  a  mineral  spring  which  is  a  popular 
place  of  resort.  The  village  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  400. 

Saratoga,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  St. 
John's  River,  9  miles  above  Palatka.  Here  is  a  sulphur 
spring. 

Saratoga,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.     Pop.  12.33. 

Saratoga,  post-township,  Marshall  co.,  111.    P.  1163. 

Saratoga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Hartford  with  Union  City,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Saratoga,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sara- 
toga township,  on  Crane  Creek,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Cresco. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  179. 

Saratoga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  55  miles 
from  Hutchinson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Saratoga,  Lyon  co.,  Minn.    See  Coburg. 

Saratoga,  a  post-village  in  Saratoga  township,  Wi- 
nona CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and 
26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  about  30  dwellings.    Pop.  of  the  township,  998. 

Saratoga,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Wilson  oo.,  N.C, 
10  miles  E.  of  Wilson.     Pop.  1108. 

Saratoga,  a  station  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of 
Urbana. 

Saratoga,  a  post-township  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Wis- 
consin River.     Kaolin  is  said  to  be  found  here.     Pop.  303. 

Saratoga  Lake,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  about  5  miles  S.B.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  is  6  or  7 
miles  long  and  nearly  2  miles  wide.  Its  outlet  is  Fish 
Creek,  which  enters  the  Hudson  River. 

Saratoga  Springs,  a  post-village  and  fashionable 
summer  resort  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its 
own  name,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  at  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Al- 
bany, and  about  180  miles  N.  of  New  York  City.  Besides 
being  one  of  the  most  fashionable  summer  resorts  in  the 
world,  Saratoga  is  visited  by  many  persons  for  its  medicinal 
advantages.  Here  are  over  20  mineral  springs,  some  of 
which  are  of  great  celebrity,  the  waters  of  which,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  local  consumption,  are  bottled  in  large  quantities 
for  exportation.  The  village  contains  2  national  banks, 
churches  belonging  to  the  Baptists,  Catholics,  Congregation- 
alists.  Episcopalians,  Methodists,  and  Presbyterians,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  numerous  hotels,  some  of  great  elegance 
and  capable  of  accommodating  more  than  1000  guests  each. 
Several  of  the  leading  hotels  sustain  excellent  orchestras, 
and  the  season  is  further  enlivened  by  regattas  upon  Sara- 
toga Lake  (4  miles  distant),  races  upon  the  track  of  the 
Saratoga  Racing  Association,  and  the  numberless  elegant 
"  turn-outs"  of  the  visitors.  Twelve  miles  E.  of  the  village, 
on  the  Hudson  River,  is  the  battle-ground  where  General 
Burgoyne  surrendered  to  General  Gates  during  the  Revolu- 
tion in  1777.     Pop.  (1890)  11,975;  of  township,  13,171. 

Saratov,  or  Saratow,  si-ri-tov',  written  also  Sara- 
tof  and  Saratoff,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat. 
48°  10'  and  53°  18'  N.  and  Ion.  42°  30'  and  61°  20'  E. 
Area,  32,622  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  2,113,077.  Surface 
in  the  W.  hilly,  and  in  many  parts  fertile ;  but  the  E.  is  a 
wide  desert  steppe.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Volga, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  and  its  tributaries,  besides  the 
Khoper  and  Medvieditza,  tributaries  of  the  Don.  Large  quan- 


tities of  rye,  wheat,  oats,  millet,  and  pease  are  raised,  and 
partly  exported.  Sheep-  and  cattle-breeding  is  conducted 
on  a  large  scale,  and  the  rearing  of  bees  and  silk-worms  is 
increasing.  The  fisheries  in  the  Volga  are  very  valuable, 
and  large  quantities  of  salt  fish  and  caviare  are  exported. 
Principal  minerals,  salt,  millstones,  and  iron.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery, 
ironwares,  leather,  and  earthenwares,  also  numerous  flour- 
mills  and  distilleries.     Capital,  Saratov. 

Saratov,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above,  is  sit- 
uated on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga,  290  miles  E.  of  Vo- 
ronezh. Lat.  61°  31'  N.;  Ion.  about  46°  B.  Pop.  115,000. 
It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  built  chiefly  of 
wood,  and  has  many  churches,  a  mosque,  some  monasteries, 
a  new  and  handsome  bishop's  palace,  large  government  edi- 
fice, a  large  bazaar,  several  hospitals,  a  college  and  other 
schools,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  manufactures  of  cotton 
cloths,  cotton  and  silk  hosiery,  clocks,  watches,  leather,  to- 
bacco, rope,  and  earthenwares,  a  bell-foundry,  breweries, 
distilleries,  and  vinegar-factories.  From  its  position  on  the 
Volga  and  between  Astrakhan,  Moscow,  and  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod,  it  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  trade,  importing 
colonial  goods  and  foreign  manufactures,  and  exporting 
eorn,  salted  fish,  hides,  and  cattle;  it  has  also  three  im- 
portant annual  fairs. 

Saratovka,  or  Saratowka,  si-ri-tov'kS.,  a  village 
of  Russia,  S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Neva. 

Sarauli,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sarrowlt. 

Sarawah,  si-ri'wi,  or  Sarwa,  sar'wS,,  a  town  of 
Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Rangoon. 

Sarawak,  si-r&'w&k,  a  country  of  Borneo,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island,  near  its  W.  side,  extending  between  lat. 
1°  and  2°  N.  and  Ion.  109°  40'  and  111°  40'  E.,  bounded 
W.  and  S.  by  the  mountain  Krimbang,  and  watered  by  the 
river  Sarawak  and  its  tributaries.  Capital,  Sarawak.  The 
rajahship  of  this  country  was  held  from  1839  to  1868  by  Sir 
James  Brooke,  and  since  1868  has  been  held  by  his  nephew. 
The  rajah's  authority  is  absolute,  and  his  vassalage  to  the 
Sultan  of  Borneo  is  merely  nominal.  The  rule  of  native 
chiefs  and  English  officers  is  combined,  and  for  many  years 
the  country  has  been  very  prosperous.  Exports,  sago,  gutta- 
percha, rubber,  wax,  gold,  antimony,  <tc.     Pop.  250,000. 

Sarawak,  formerly  Kiichin,  koo'chin,  a  town  in  the 
W.  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  capital  of  a  rajahship,  and 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  1°  33'  N.,  Ion.  110° 
20'  E.  It  consists  of  a  native  and  a  European  town,  the 
former  built  on  each  side  of  two  reaches  of  the  river,  and 
divided  into  kam pongs,  or  clusters,  and  the  latter  occupying 
heights  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  Many  of  these 
houses,  raised  on  posts  and  formed  of  wood,  have  a  very 
respectable  appearance.  An  English  church  mission  and  a 
native  school  have  been  established.  The  trade  of  the  town 
is  considerable,  and  is  carried  on  with  Singapore.  It  has 
forts,  a  palace  of  the  rajah,  barracks,  prison,  and  court- 
house.    Pop.  18,000. 

Sarawak,  si-ri-wik',  or  Presqu'ile,  prfisk'eel',  a 
post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles  N.  of  Owen 
Sound.     Pop.  125. 

Sarawan,  8&-r3,-w&n',  written  also  Saharawan,  a 
province  of  Beloochistan,  between  lat.  28°  and  30°  20'  N. 
and  Ion.  64°  and  67°  40'  E.  Area,  15,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  60,000.  Surface  mostly  mountainous  and  rugged ; 
Tukatoo,  in  the  N.,  rises  upwards  of  11,000  feet.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Sarawan,  Shawl,  and  Mustung. 

Sarawan,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  capital  of  the  above, 
98  miles  W.  of  Kelat.  Lat.  28°  47'  N..;  Ion.  64°  50'  E. 
It  consists  of  about  500  houses  in  a  barren  district,  enclosed 
by  a  mud  wall. 

Sarayacu,  si-rI-S,-koo',  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  navi- 
gable river  Ucayale,  in  lat.  about  6°  50'  S.,  Ion.  75°  W. 

Sarconi,  saR-ko'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  1131. 

Sarcoxie,  sar-kox'ee,  an  incorporated  post-village  in 
Sarcoxie  township,  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  on  Centre  Creek,  and 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railway,  14  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Carthage,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Pierce  City.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  excellent  public  schools,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lime,  carriages,  &o.  Pop. 
in  1880,341;  in  1890,  1172;  of  the  township  (1890),  2532. 

Sardam,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Zaandam. 

Sardara,  saR-d&,'r&,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Oristano.     Pop.  2569. 

SardaAvala,  the  native  name  of  Serdovol. 

Sardes,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     SeeSARDis. 

Sardice,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Scharditz. 

Sardinas,  saR-dee'nis,  asmall  bay  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  in  lat.  about  2°  N.,  Ion.  79°  W. 


SAR 


2401 


SAR 


f 


Sardinia,  saR-din'e-^  (It.  Sardegna,  B&n-dka'yh;  Fr. 
Sardaigne,  sanMifi' ;  Ger.  Sardinien,  saB-dee'ne-^n ;  Butoh, 
Sardinie,  saR-deon'y^h ;  Sp.  Sardefla,  saR-d4n'yi,  or  Cer- 
defla,  thdR-din'y&;  anc.  Sardin'ia  and  Ichnu'saf  Gr. 
Xap&i,  Sardo,  or  l,apSwv,  Sardon,  'Ixvovrra,  Jchnotua),  the 
largest  island  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea  after  Sicily,  and 
forming  with  its  surrounding  islands,  the  principal  of  which 
are  Antioco,  San  Pietro,  Asinara,  Magdalena,  Tavolara, 
and  Caprera,  a  compartimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 
It  extends  from  lat.  38°  50'  to  41°  15'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  8° 
5'  to  9°  50'  E. ;  greatest  length,  from  Cape  Teulada,  in  the 
S.,  to  Longo  Sardo,  in  the  N.,  152  miles;  breadth,  66  miles. 
Area,  including  the  small  islands  along  the  coast,  9399 
square  miles.  It  is  nearly  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram, 
and  not  without  considerable  indentations,  especially  on  the 
S.  and  W.  coasts.  On  the  N.  it  is  separated  from  the  island 
of  Corsica  by  the  Strait  of  Bonifacio,  about  7  miles  wide. 

The  coast  is  rugged  and  precipitous,  presenting  a  suc- 
cession of  headlands.  The  principal  bay  is  that  of  Porto 
Torres.  The  W.  coast,  stretching  S.  from  Cape  Falcon,  pre- 
sents, among  other  remarkable  headlands,  that  of  Cape  Ar- 
gentaro,  upwards  of  2000  feet  in  height.  The  island  is 
generally  mountainous,  the  peak  called  Genargentu,  5276 
feet  high,  being  the  most  elevated  point.  There  are  several 
extended  and  beautiful  plains,  and  some  stony  and  sterile 
tracts.  Lead,  silver,  iron,  marble,  alabaster,  and  mercury 
are  found,  but  are  not  much  wrought.  The  country  as  a 
whole  is  very  fruitful,  especially  in  grain,  which,  with  live- 
stock, is  largely  exported.  The  methods  of  cultivation  are 
very  primitive.  Oil,  wine,  madder,  and  tobacco  are  sec- 
ondary products  of  the  island.  Education  is  very  back- 
ward ;  and  probably  in  no  part  of  Europe  have  the  advances 
of  modern  civilization  made  less  obvious  changes  than  here. 
The  prevalence  of  severe  endemic  fevers,  especially  dan- 
gerous to  foreigners,  has  done  much  to  keep  Sardinia  almost 
unknown  and  unvisited  by  tourists.  The  people  speak 
strongly-marked  dialects  of  the  Italian.  They  are  proud, 
quarrelsome,  and  revengeful,  but  truthful,  hospitable,  brave, 
and  patriotic.  There  are  two  provinces,  named  from  the 
two  chief  towns,  Sassari  and  Cagliari.  There  are  a  few 
short  railway  lines.  Sardinia  formerly  gave  name  to  an 
important  kingdom,  which  included  not  only  the  island,  but 
Piedmont,  Savoy,  and  Liguria,  on  the  mainland,  now  be- 
longing principally  to  the  kingdom  of  Italy  (of  which  these 
were  the  germ).  The  present  departments  of  Alpes-Mari- 
times,  Savoie,  and  Haute-Savoie,  in  France,  were  also  parts 
of  the  Sardinian  dominions. 

Hiatory, — The  early  history  of  the  island  is  involved  in 
much  obscurity.  Its  inhabitants  were  independent,  when, 
about  B.C.  530,  they  were  attacked  by  the  Carthaginians 
and  obliged  after  a  valiant  resistance  to  quit  the  low  country 
and  retire  into  their  mountain-fastnesses.  During  the  first 
Punic  war  the  Romans  made  strenuous  exertions  to  become 
masters  of  the  island,  and  ultimately  obtained  a  formal 
cession  of  it.  This  cession  left  a  rankling  in  the  breasts 
of  the  Carthaginians,  and  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  causes 
which  led  to  the  second  Punio  war,  in  which  Rome,  though 
finally  victorious,  was  brought  to  the  brink  of  ruin  by  Han- 
nibal. During  the  struggles  between  Rome  and  Carthage, 
Sardinia  often  became  the  theatre  of  war,  and  suffered 
equally  from  both.  At  a  very  early  period  the  inhabitants 
were  converted  to  Christianity.  On  the  fall  of  the  Western 
Empire  it  came  successively  under  the  power  of  the  Van- 
dals, Goths,  and  Moors.  At  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century 
it  was  held  by  the  Genoese,  and  afterwards  by  the  kings  of 
Aragon  till  1713.     In  1720  it  was  acquired  by  Savoy  in 

txuhange  for  Sicily.     Pop.  in  1890,  726,522. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Sardinian,  sar-din'e-^n  (It.  Sar'do). 

Sardinia,  sar-din'e-a,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles  N'.N.W.  of  Madison, 
and  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sardinia,  a  post- village  in  Sardinia  township,  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Springville  &  Sardinia  Railroad,  3  miles  W. 
of  Arcade  Station,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Springville,  and  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  nearly  45  houses.  Pop. 
about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1693. 

Sardinia,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Brown  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  46i 
miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon -factory, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Sardinia,  a  post-office  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 

Sardinia  Junction,  a  station  in  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Springville  &  Sardinia  Railroad,  31^  miles 
R  S.E.  of  Buffalo. 

Sar'dis,  or  Sar'des  (Gr.SopJisor  ^pStit;  Turk.  Sart, 


saBt),  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  in  antiquity  the  capital 
of  Lydia,  at  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Tmolus,  50  miles  N.E 
of  Smyrna.  On  its  summit  are  extensive  remains  of  a 
castle,  called  the  house  of  Croesus ;  and  about  1  mile  dis- 
tant are  traces  of  a  vast  temple  of  Cybele.  Under  Croesus, 
its  king,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  Cyrus,  Sardis  was  one 
of  the  most  splendid  cities  of  the  East.-  After  passing  to 
the  Romans  it  rapidly  declined,  and  during  the  reign  of 
Tiberius  was  almost  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  It  was, 
however,  immediately  rebuilt,  and  acquired  new  interest 
from  becoming  the  seat  of  one  of  the  Apocalyptic  churches. 

Sar'dis,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Sardis,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  abont  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Maysville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  224. 

Sardis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis, and  60  miles  N.  of  Grenada.  It  is  the  largest  village 
of  the  county,  and  contains  a  newspaper  office,  7  churches, 
a  female  institute,  a  bank,  and  a  tannery.    Pop.  1200. 

Sardis,  a  post- village  in  Lee  township,  Monroe  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  above  Marietta.  It  has 
a  chair-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  265. 

Sardis,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  Near  it 
are  several  churches. 

Sardis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Henderson  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3 
stores. 

Sardis,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Texas. 

Sardis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  AVilsonburg  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

Sardoal,  saR-do-il',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  3934. 

Sarec'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  on  Goshen 
Creek,  about  55  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Saree,  or  Sari,  si-ree',  the  capital  town  of  the  Persian 
province  of  Mazanderan,  20  miles  E.  of  Balfurosh.  Lat. 
36°  30'  N.;  Ion.  53°  10'  E.  Pop.  15,000.  It  is  enclosed 
by  a  ditch  and  by  a  mud  wall  flanked  by  pentagonal  brick 
towers  but  kept  in  very  bad  repair. 

Sarembey,  or  Sarambey,  s8,-r§m-bi',  a  town  of 
Eastern  Boumelia,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Philippopolis. 

Sarepta,  sa-r5p'ta,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Saratov,  in  its  S.  part,  on  the  Sarpa,  near  its  influx  into 
the  Volga,  15  miles  S.  of  Tsaritsin.  It  was  founded  in 
1765  by  a  colony  of  Germans,  and  is  the  centre  of  numerous 
colonies  of  Moravians. 

Sarepta,  a  city  of  Palestine.    See  Surafend. 

Sarep'ta,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  25  miles 
E.  of  Water  Valley,  and  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aber- 
deen.     It  has  3  churches. 

Sarepta,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  4  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Belvidere.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Sarep'ta,  or  Friedsburg,  freedz'biirg,  a  post- village 
in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Seaforth.     P.  100. 

Sares-Kend,  si-rSs-kind',  a  village  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  S.W.  of  Mianna.  Near  it  are  two  ruined  fort- 
resses, termed  Kalah-Zohak. 

Sarezzo,  s&-rSt'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Brescia,  2 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Gardone,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  1687. 

Sargadelos,  saR-g&-d4'Ioce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Galicia,  province  and  18  miles  N.  of  Lugo. 

Sargana  Taluk,  sar-g&n'^  t&-look',  a  native  state  of 
India,  in  Candeish.     Area,  360  square  miles.     Pop.  8094. 

Sargans,  saR'g&ns,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St. 
Gall,  at  a  railway,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Wallenstadt.     P.  1014. 

Sargeant's  Bluff,  Iowa.    See  Serssant  Bluffs. 

Sar'gent,  a  county  of  S.E.  North  Dakota.  Area,  864 
square  miles.     Capital,  Forman.     Pop.  in  1890,  6076. 

Sargent,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  by  E.  of  San  Jos6. 

Sargent,  a  post-offico  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Kansas,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Granada,  Col. 

Sargent,  McKean  oo.,  Pa.     See  Sergeant. 

Sargent's,  a  station  of  the  Savannah,  Griffin  &  North 
Alabama  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Newnan,  Ga. 

Sar'gentville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  Me.,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  or  Eggemoggin  Reach,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  supported  by  fishing  and 
ship-building. 

Sari,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Sareb. 

Sarin'da,  a  post-office  of  Weld  oo.,  Col. 

Sarine,  a  river  of  Switzerland.    See  Saane. 

Sarinefta,  s&-re-ndn'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
26  miles  S.E.  of  Huesca,  in  a  fertile  plain.     Pop.  3020. 

Sarjoo,  or  Sarjou,  a  river  of  India.     See  Googra. 

Sark,  or  Sercq,  saiRk,  one  of  the  islands  in  the  Eng- 


SAR 


2402 


SAR 


lish  Channel,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  7  miles  E.  of 
Guernsey,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey.  Lat.  49°  5'  N.j 
Ion.  2°  22'  W.  Area,  1400  acres.  It  consists  of  two  high 
peninsulas  united  by  a  narrow  isthmus.  Many  sea-fowl 
and  fish  are  taken  around  the  coasts.  It  presents  very 
wild  and  beautiful  scenery,  and,  though  a  dependency  of 
Guernsey,  has  a  local  government  of  its  own.  Its  only 
landing-place  is  at  Creux.     Pop.  546. 

Sark,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co,  of  Dumfries,  with  a 
S.W.  course  of  10  or  11  miles  past  Springfield,  forms  for 
several  miles  the  boundary  between  Scotland  and  England, 
and  enters  the  Solway  Firth  near  its  E.  extremity. 

Sarkad,  sh|B^k5d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  7383. 

Sarkholm,  sark'holm,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of 
Riga. 

Sarlat)  saaUi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the 
Sarlat,  44  miles  S.E.  of  P6rigueux.  Pop.  4521.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  crucibles, 
and  leather. 

Sarmatia,  the  ancient  name  of  Poland. 

Sarmatta)  saR-m&t't&,  one  of  the  Serawatty  Islands,  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Timor  and  Timor  Laut,  in 
lat.  8°  10'  S.,  Ion.  128°  45'  E.,  30  miles  in  circuit. 

SarmientO)  saR-me-dn'to,  a  remarkable  mountain  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  on  the  S.  side  of  Gabriel  Channel.  Lat. 
54°  27'  12"  S. ;  Ion.  70°  51'  30"  W.  Its  height  is  6910 
feet  above  sea-level,  rising  from  a  broad  base. 

Sarnano,  saii-n&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Macerata.     Pop.  4387. 

Sarnen,  saR'n§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the 
canton  of  Unterwalden,  on  the  Aa  where  it  leaves  the  Lake 
of  Sarnen,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Landenberg,  11  miles  S.  of 
Lucerne.  Pop.  3720.  In  its  council-house  are  some  paint- 
ings and  an  alto-rilievo  model  of  Switzerland.  See  also 
Lake  of  Sarnen. 

Sarner-Aa,  Switzerland.     See  Aa. 

Sarnia,  the  ancient  name  of  Guernsgt. 

Sarnia^  sar'n^-a,  an  incorporated  town  of  Ontario,  capi- 
tal of  the  CO.  of  Lambton,  situated  on  the  river  St.  Clair,  near 
Lake  Huron,  and  on  the  Great  Western  and  Grand  Trunk 
Railways,  61  miles  W.  of  London.  It  has  a  ferry  aoross 
the  river  to  Port  Huron,  and  is  a  port  of  entry.  It  has  5 
churches,  several  schools,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
oflBces,  a  brewery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  machinery,  wooden-ware,  wool- 
lens, leather,  Ac.     Pop.  2929.     See  also  Point  Edward. 

Sarnico,  saR'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bergamo,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Iseo. 

SarnO)  saR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
near  the  source  of  the  Sarno  (anc.  Sar'nua),  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Salerno.  Pop.  10,674.  It  has  a  cathedral,  an  old  castle, 
some  sulphur  baths,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  copper- 
wares,  cotton,  linen,  and  silk  fabrics. 

Saronicus  Sinus,  Greece.    See  Gulp  of  jEgina. 

Saronno,  or  Sarronno,  saR-Ron'no,  a  town  of  North- 
ern Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.  It  has 
important  cotton-manufactures.     Pop.  5392. 

Saros,  8&'rdsh\  or  Saros  Yarmegyey  s&'r5sh^  vaR^- 
m&dj',  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N.  by  Galicia.  Area, 
1463  square  miles.     Capital,  Eperies.     Pop.  175,292. 

Saros,  or  Sarosch,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Patak. 

Saros,  Turkey.     See  Gulf  of  Saros. 

Sarpa,  saR'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Astrakhan,  flows  N.,  aud  joins  the  Volga  16  miles 
S.  of  Tsaritsin,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Sar-Pnli)  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Holwan. 

Sar'py,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  which  separates  it  from  Iowa,  and 
on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Platte  River.  It  is  also  drained 
by  the  Elkhorn  and  Papillon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  finely 
diversified  by  undulating  prairies  and  level  river-bottoms, 
on  which  groves  of  the  oak,  hickory,  cottonwood,  and  wal- 
nut are  found.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Good  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Bellevue.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$1,217,628.     Pop.  in  1870,  2913  ;  in  1880,  4481. 

Sarpy  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Papillon  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 
Sarralbe,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Saaralben. 
Sarrance,  saR^r6Nss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  10  miles  S.  of  Oloron.     Pop.  1140. 
Sarre,  a  river  of  Gerihany.     See  Saar. 
Sarreal,  saR-R&-&r,  or  Sarrial,  saR-Re-&r,  a  town  of 


Spain,  province  of  Lerida,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Montblanch, 
near  the  Francoli.     Pop.  2483. 

Sarrebourg,  a  town  of  Lorraine.     See  Saarburg. 

Sarrebriick,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  SaarbrOck. 

Sarreguemines,  Germany.    See  SaargemOnd. 

Sarre-Louis,  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Saar-Louis. 

Sarre-Union,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Saar-Union. 

Sarria,  saR'Re-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  Barcelona. 
Pop.  3752. 

Sarrion,  saR-Rc-on',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  1 6 
miles  S.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1784. 
,  Sarronno,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Saronno. 

Sarrowly,  sar-rSw'lee,  a  town  of  India,  Bareilly  dis- 
trict, 51  miles  N.W.  of  Goruckpoor.    Pop.  4585. 

SarruUe,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Sarule. 

Sarsina,  saR-see'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  province 
of  Forli,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mercato-Sarraceno.  Pop.  3173. 
It  has  a  cathedral. 

Sarskoe-Selo,  Russia.    See  Tsarskoe-Selo. 

Sars-Poteries,  saR-poH^h-nee',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  4  miles  from  Avesnes.  It  has  potteries  and  manu- 
factures of  glass  and  sugar.     Pop.  2404. 

Sarstedt,  saR'stfitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  Leine.     Pop.  2027. 

Sart,  sart  or  saR,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2510. 

Sart,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Sardis. 

Sart'Dame-Avellines,  saR-dim-iV^h-leen',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the  Thil,  19  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brussels.     Pop.  1700. 

Sarteano,  saR-td,-&'no,  or  Sartiano,  saR-te-3,'no,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Siena,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chiusi.  It  has  a  castle  and  mineral  baths.  A  vast  num- 
ber of  Etruscan  tombs  have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  4504. 

Sartena,  saR-tA'ni  (Fr.  Sartine,  saR^tin'),  a  town  of 
Corsica,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  3337. 

Sarthe,  sant,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Orne,  passes  Alenjon  and  Le  Mans,  where  it  becomes 
navigable,  and  joins  the  Mayenne  on  the  left,  li  mile* 
above  Angers.     Length,  145  miles. 

Sarthe,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Maine-et-Perche.  Area,  2371 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  438,917.  Surface  flat;  a  con- 
siderable portion  is  covered  with  forests.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Sarthe,  Loire,  and  several  smaller  streams,  is  fertile  in 
the  valleys,  and  yields  sufl5cient  grain  for  the  population. 
Among  its  minerals  are  marble,  slate,  and  limestone.  Wine 
is  made  in  small  quantity,  cider  and  perry  extensively. 
Manufactures  comprise  woollens,  calicoes,  paper,  crockery, 
leather,  and  linen  fabrics.     Capital,  Le  Mans. 

Sartirana,  saR-te-ri'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Novara, 
11  miles  S.AV,.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  3570. 

Sartor- Oe,  saR'tor-o'?h,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway,  stift  and  5  miles  W.  of  Bergen.  Lat.  60°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  4°  10'  E.     Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Sart'well,  a  post-oflSce  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Bufi"alo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  20  milea  S.  (/" 
Olean,  N.Y. 

Sarule,  s.\-roo'li,  or  Sarrulle,  saR-Rool'li,  a  village 
of  Sardinia,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Orani.     Pop.  1076. 

Sarum,  Old,  England.     See  Old  Sarum. 

Sarun,  or  Saran,  si-run',  a  district  of  Bengal,  Patna 
division,  lat.  25°  40'-26°  38'  N.,  Ion.  83°  58'-85°  14'  E. 
Area,  2654  square  miles.  It  has  the  Goggra  on  the  S.W^ 
the  Ganges  on  the  S.,  and  the  Gunduck  on  the  E.  It  is  a 
fertile  plain,  somewhat  liable  to  overflow.  Capital,  Chuprah. 
Pop.  2,063,860. 

Sarungpoor,  si-riing-poor',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior 
dominions,  54  miles  N.E.  of  Oojein.  Lat.  23°  36'  N.;  Ion. 
76°  35'  E. 

Sarungurh,  or  Sarangarh,   si-run-gfir',  a  native 
state  of  India,  Central  Provinces.     Area,  540  square  miles. 
Lat.  of  centre,  about  21°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  E.     Pop.  37,091. 
Sarus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Syhoon. 
Sarvar,  shS.RVA,R',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisen- 
burg,  on  the  Sarvar,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Giins.      Pop.  2086. 
Sar'versville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buffalo  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  Pa.,  on  the   Butler  Extension  Railroad,  at  Sarver 
Station,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Sar'vis  Point,  a  post-oflSce  of  Webster  co..  Mo. 
Sarviz,  shiRVeez',  a  river  of  Hungary,  flows  S.,  and 
joins  an  arm  of  the  Danube  at  Baja.     Length,  60  miles. 
It  forms  a  part  of  the  Sarviz  Canal,  37  miles  in  length. 
Sarwa,  a  town  of  Burmah.     See  Sarawak. 
Sarzana,  saRd-z4'na,  a  town   of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  near  the  river  Magra,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  La  Spezia. 
Pop.  5396.     Its  old  fortifications  now  form  public  walks. 


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and  it  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  a  college,  a  theatre,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  leather,  Ac. 

Sarzeau,  saR^zS',  a  town  of  France,  Morbihan,  S.  coast, 
on  a  peninsula  between  the  sea  and  Morbihan  Bay,  9  miles 
S.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  840. 

Sarzedas,  saR-zi'dis,  a  market-town  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Beira,  11  miles  W.  of  Castello  Branco.     Pop.  2500. 

Sasbach,  s&s'b&K,  or  Sassbad,  s&ss'b3,t,  a  village  of 
Baden,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1120. 

Sasik,  s&'sik,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Akerman,  16  miles  in  length  and  6  miles  in 
breadth.  It  receives  the  Kogilnik  and  some  other  rivers, 
and  communicates  with  the  Black  Sea  through  the  N.  arm 
of  the  Danube. 

Saskatchewan,  sas-katch'4-w6n,  a  river  of  Canada, 
rises  in  a  small  lake  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  lat.  52° 
N.  Its  upper  course  is  generally  called  the  South  Sas- 
katchewan, or  South  Branch,  on  account  of  the  existence  of 
a  large  tributary  (the  North  Branch)  which  rises  in  the 
glaciers  near  Mt.  Hooker.  Length  of  North  Branch,  836 
miles  (excluding  minor  sinuosities);  of  South  Branch,  903 
miles,  the  former  having  a  general  E.  and  the  latter  a  very 
devious  N.N.E.  course.  Both  these  main  branches  are 
adapted  to  steam  navigation.  About  Ion.  105°  W.  the  main 
forks  unite  and  flow  E.  into  Lake  Winnipeg.  From  this 
great  lake  it  runs  N.E.  to  Hudson's  Bay.  Here  it  is  gen- 
erally called  Nelson  River,  or  Katchewan.  At  its  mouth 
is  the  settlement  of  York.  Its  length  to  the  head  of  the 
South  Fork  is  said  to  be  1732  miles.  Area  of  catchment- 
basin,  432,000  square  miles. 

Saskatchewan,  a  district  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
having  E.  Keewatin,  S.  Assiniboia  and  Manitoba,  and  W. 
Alberta.     Area,  107,092  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891, 11,146. 

Sassafras,  Delaware.    See  Green  Spring. 

Sas'safras,  a  post-office  of  Knott  co.,  Ky. 

Sassafras,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  or  near 
the  Sassafras  River,  about  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  t  stores.     Pop.  281. 

Sassafras  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Gran- 
ville CO.,  N.C.,  16  miles  from  Henderson  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1983. 

Sassafras  River,  Maryland,  runs  westward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Cecil  and  Kent  cos.,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay.     It  is  short,  but  wide. 

Sassano,  s4s-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 3  miles  S.E.  of  Diano.     Pop.  4661. 

Sassari,  s&s'si-re,  a  city  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  capi- 
tal of  a  province,  on  its  N.W.  side,  and  on  the  Turritano,  10 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Sassari,  12  miles  by 
rail  from  Porto  Torres,  its  port,  and  59  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cagliari.  Lat.  40°  43'  33"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  35'  E.  Pop.  30,542. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  towers,  entered  by  5  gates,  and 
has  a  cathedral,  23  other  churches,  several  convents,  a 
large  government  house  and  other  public  edifices,  a  uni- 
versity, a  museum  and  public  library,  clerical  seminary, 
public  hospital,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  tobacco,  oil,  fruits,  &c. 
Adjacent  to  the  city  is  the  fountain  of  Rosello,  highly  orna- 
mented with  carvings.     See  also  Gulp  of  Sassari. 

Sassari,  a  province  of  Italy,  comprising  the  N.  half 
of  the  island  of  Sardinia.  Area,  4139  square  miles.  It  is 
mountainous,  and  grain  and  cattle-products  are  exported. 
Capital,  Sassari.     Pop.  243,452. 

Sassbad,  a  village  of  Baden.    See  Sasbach. 

Sassello,  sis-sfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Genoa.     Pop.  4433. 

Sassenberg,  sis's^n-b^RO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1286. 

Sassendorf,  sis's^n-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Arnsberg,  with  salt  works.     Pop.  1137. 

Sasseno,  s&s-s&'no  (anc.  Saso,  or  Sasonit  Insula), 
an  island  of  the  Adriatic,  off  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of 
Avlona. 

Sas^seram',  or  Sah^seram',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in 
Shahabad.  Lat.  24°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  3'  E.  It  has  a  large 
trade,  and  has  a  splendid  tomb  of  Sher  Shah,  an  emperor 
of  Delhi.     Pop.  21,023. 

Sasslav,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Zaslat. 

Sasso,  s&s'so,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Potenea.     Pop.  2345. 

Sassoferrato,  s&s-so-fdR-R&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  Marches,  among  the  Apennines,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Fab- 
briano.     Pop.  7693.     It  has  manufactures  of  nails. 

Sassonia,  and  Sassone.    See  Saxont. 

Sassuolo,  8&s-8wo'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Modena,  on  the  Secchia.     Pop.  3275. 

Sastago,  s&s-t&'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  39 
miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1920. 


Sata,  s&'t&,  or  Satta,  s&t't&,  the  main  stream  of  the 
Indus  River,  at  its  delta  in  Sinde,  enters  the  ocean  by  the 
Kookewaree  mouth,  15  miles  S.  of  Bunder  Vikkur. 

Satadoo,  Satadou,  or  Satadn,  s&t-&-doo',  a  state 
of  Senegambia,  about  lat.  13°  N.,  Ion.  12°  W.  The  capi- 
tal town,  Satadoo,  is  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Satahung,  si-ti-hilng',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  100  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Khatmandoo. 

Satalge,  s&-t&rg&,  a  river  of  Turkey,  an  affluent  of 
the  Salembria. 

Satalge  (anc.  Pharaa'liaf),  a  town  of  Thessaly,  on 
a  slope  facing  the  N.,  20  miles  S.  of  Larissa.  On  some 
eminences  towards  the  E.  the  Romans,  under  Quintus 
Flaminius,  defeated  the  Macedonians  under  Philip.  The 
battle  of  Pharsalia,  in  which  Caesar  defeated  Pompey,  waa 
fought  on  the  plain  immediately  adjoining  the  town. 

Sataliah,  or  Satalieh.    See  Adalia. 

Satara,  or  Satarah,  India.    See  Sattarab. 

Satartia,  sa-tar'she-a,  a  post  village  of  Yazoo  co., 
Miss.,  on  Yazoo  River,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Vicksburg. 

Sater,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     See  New  Baltimore. 

Satgharra,  sit-gaR'Ri,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Ravee,  having  several  small  forts.     Lat.  31°  N. 

Satgoong,  sit'goong',  Satgong,  sit'gong',  or  Sap- 
tagram,  a  town  of  Bengal,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Hoogly,  an- 
ciently a  place  of  great  renown  and  splendor,  and  in  the 
sixteenth  century  a  large  trading  city  and  the  residence  of 
many  European  merchants.     It  is  now  a  mere  village. 

Saticoy,  sat-e-koi',  a  post-township  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal., 
is  on  the  Santa  Clara  River.  It  contains  a  hamlet  of  the 
same  name,  and  has  some  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments.    Asphaltum  is  found  here. 

Satil'la,  or  Santil'la,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in 
Irwin  CO.,  and  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction  through  a  level 
sandy  region.  It  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  Camden  co., 
15  miles  S.  of  Brunswick.  It  is  nearly  220  miles  long.  It 
has  an  affluent  named  Little  Satilla  (which  8ee). 

Satilla,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick 
&  Albany  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Satilla,  a  station  of  the  Macon  &,  Brunswick  Railroad, 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick,  Ga. 

Satilla  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Cam- 
den CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Satilla  River,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Lumber  and  rice  are  shipped  here. 

Satil'pa  Creek,  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  enters  the  Ala- 
bama a  few  miles  below  Coffeeville. 

Sativa,  si-tee' vi,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, 66  miles  N.E.  of  Tunja,  near  the  Galinazo. 

Satkhira,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sotkeera. 

Satlej,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sutlej. 

Satoor,  sa-toor',  or  Settoor,  s^t-toor',  a  town  of  In- 
dia, 50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tinnevelly.      Pop.  7155. 

Satoraija  Ujhely,  sA'to^rSPySh^  oo*e-hfiI',  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  and  8  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Zemplin.     Pop.  9946. 

Satpoora,  s&t-poo'rl  (or  Sautpoora,  sawt-poo'ri) 
Mountains,  an  extensive  range  in  India,  between  the 
Nerbudda  and  Taptee  Rivers,  lat.  21°  30'  N.,  Ion.  from 
74°  to  78°  E.,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  district 
of  Candeish  and  the  Indore  dominions,  and  almost  wholly 
peopled  by  Bheels. 

Satpiir,  f^ifpoor'  (?),  a  pass  across  the  Himalayas,  lead- 
ing into  Little  Thibet,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Iskardoh.  Lat. 
35°  N. ;  Ion.  75°  24'  E.     It  is  12,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Satriano,  s4-tre-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  S.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2431. 

Satsop,  sat'sup,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chehalis  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 30  miles  from  Tenino.     It  has  a  church. 

Satsop  River,  Washington,  rises  in  Chehalis  and 
Mason  cos.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Chehalis  River 
in  Chehalis  co.,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Moutesano. 

Satsnma,  s&t-soo'm&,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  sotitb 
ernmost  province  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo. 

Satta,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sata. 

Sat'tarah,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Sattarah  dis- 
trict, 58  miles  S.S.E.  of  Poonah.     Pop.  24,484. 

Sattarah,  or  Sat'ara,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Dec- 
can,  presidency  of  Bombay,  bounded  W.  in  part  by  the  West- 
ern Ghauts.  Area,  5398  square  miles.  Cfapital,  Sattarab 
Pop.  1,116,050. 

Sattarah  Jaghires,  a  name  given  colleotively  to  five 
native  Indian  states,  called  Akalkote,  Jat  (or  Jntt)  and 
Dafflepoor,  Punt  Prithee  Nidhee,  Phaltan,  and  Punt  Sucheo. 
Total  area,  3508  square  miles.     Pop.  417,295. 

Sat'tei^eld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  on  the  New  Castle  <fc  Franklin  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle. 


SAT 


2404 


SAU 


Satt'lers,  a  post-offioe  of  Comal  cc,  Tex. 

Sat'urn,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  near  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Fort  Wayne.    It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sail,  a  river  of  South  Europe.     See  Save. 

Saubermuttee,  India.     See  Sabermuttee. 

SaucejO)  El,  51  s3w-thi'H0,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  45  miles  S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  2779. 

SaacelitO)  saw-sa-lee'to,  a  post-village  of  Marin  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  at  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  ferry.  It  has  a  church,  railroad  oar-shops,  4  stores,  and 
an  iron-furnace.     Pop,  in  1890,  1334. 

Sauces,  South  America.     See  Rio  Negro. 

Sau'con  Creek,  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  falls  into 
the  Lehigh  River  near  Easton. 

Saucori,  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Koh-Phang. 

Saude,  a  post-office  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa. 

Saudice,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  Zauditz. 

Saudre,  s3d'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Cher,  after  a  N.W. 
and  W.  course  of  80  miles  past  Romorantin,  joins  the  Cher 
near  Selles-sur-Cher. 

Saudrigo,  sSw-dree'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2000. 

Sauer,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Sure. 

Sauerbrunn,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Liebenstbin. 

Sauerschwabenheim,  sSw^^r-shwi'b^n-hlme^  a  vil- 
lage of  Hesse,  7  miles  S.AY.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1215. 

Saugatuck,  saw^ga-tuk',  a  small  river  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound 
2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Norwalk. 

Saugatuck,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Saugatuck  River  and  Long 
Island  Sound,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Saugatuck,  a  post- village  in  Saugatuck  township,  Al- 
legan CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Kalamazoo  River,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven,  and 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Allegan.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  good  harbor,  3  churches,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  2  tanneries. 
Lumber  and  other  products  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  1026. 
The  township  contains  a  hamlet  named  Douglas.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2212. 

Saugeen,  saw'gheen',  Gheghelo,  or  Fishing 
Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  eastern  side  of  Lake 
Huron,  about  18  miles  from  Saugeen,  extending  for  about 
7  miles,  and  varying  in  distance  from  2  to  5  miles  from  the 
main  shore.  They  are  celebrated  for  fisheries  of  white-fish 
and  herring,  and  form  safe  and  commodious  harbors  for 
large  vessels. 

Saugeen,  a  river  of  Ontario,  discharging  into  Lake 
Huron  at  the  village  of  Saugeen,  after  a  course  of  about  150 
miles.  It  is  150  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  From  its  source  to 
the  lake  there  are  numerous  rapids,  creating  a  large  amount 
of  water-power. 

Saugeen,  or  Southamp'ton,  a  village  and  port  of 
entry  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Bruce,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saugeen 
River  in  Lake  Huron,  and  the  terminus  of  the  Wellington, 
Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  32^  miles  from  Owen  Sound.  It 
contains  a  brewery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills,  and  a 
number  of  stores.     Pop.  2579. 

Saugerties,8aw'gh§r-teez\  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Saugerties  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hud- 
son River,  at  the  mouth  of  Esopus  Creek,  100  miles  above 
New  York,  10  miles  N.  of  Rondout,  and  about  14  miles 
below  Hudson.  It  has  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  the  Saugerties  Institute,  extensive  iron- 
works, and  manufactures  of  paper  and  other  articles.  A 
Bteam  ferry  connects  it  with  Tivoli,  which  is  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad  and  is  2  miles  from  Saugerties.  Pop.  in 
1890,  4237  J  of  the  township,  10,434.  The  township  has 
quarries  of  limestone  and  flagging-stone. 

Saugor,  or  Sagar,  si'giir,  an  island  of  the  Ganges 
delta,  lying  just  E.  of  the  entrance  of  the  river  Hoogly, 
which  here  reaches  the  sea.  It  is  visited  by  vast  numbers 
of  pilgrims,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  great  annual  fair.  It  has 
a  light-house,  and  is  said  to  have  been  once  very  populous. 
In  1864  a  cyclone  drove  the  waters  of  the  sea  over  the 
island,  and  left  only  1488  persons  out  of  a  former  popula- 
tion of  5625. 

Saugues,  sog,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1849. 

Saugur,  saw-gur',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Saugur 
district,  116  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  45,656. 

Saugur,  Saugor,  or  Sagor,  a  district  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  Jubbulpoor  division,  on  the  Vindhyan  pla- 


teau.    Area,  4005  square   miles.     Capital,  Saugur.     Pop. 

OZf  ft  JiO» 

Saugus,  saw'giis,  a  post-village  in  Saugus  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  W.  of  Lynn,  and  9i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 
It  is  about  1  mile  from  an  inlet  of  the  sea.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  flannel  and  of  boots  and  shoes.  The  township  is  on 
Lynn  Harbor,  and  also  contains  villages  named  East  Saugus 
and  Cliftondale.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  3673. 

Saiyon,  so^zh6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-In- 
f6rieure,  on  the  Seudre,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saintes.  Pop. 
2209.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  goods. 

Sauk,  sawk,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  about  837  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.,  on  the  S.E.,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Wisconsin  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Baraboo  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  elm,  sugar-maple,  ash,  hickory, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  nay,  hops,  cattle, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone  and  lime- 
stone (both  Lower  Silurian)  underlie  the  soil.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Madison  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad 
passes  along  its  southern  border ;  a  branch  of  this  railroad 
also  touches  its  N.E.  corner.  Capital,  Baraboo.  Pop.  in 
1870,  23,860 ;  in  1880,  28,729 ;  in  1890,  30,675. 

Sauk  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sauk  Centre  township, 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  4  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  graded  school,  2  floar-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1696 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  617. 

Sank  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  du  Lac  township, 
Sauk  CO.,  Wis.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Wisconsin  River,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  15 
miles  S.  of  Baraboo.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  3 
ohorohes,  an  iron-foundry,  several  breweries,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  876. 

SauKeniczsky,  the  native  name  of  KEicHENAn. 

Sauk  Rapids,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co., 
Minn.,  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  £. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  78 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  3  miles  above  St.  Cloud.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  granite-quarry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1185. 

Sauk  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Osakis  Lake,  in  Todd 
CO.,  and  runs  southeastward  into  Stearns  co.,  which  it  in- 
tersects, and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  4  miles  above 
St  Cloud.  It  is  the  outlet  of  numerous  small  lakes,  and  is 
nearly  120  miles  long. 

Saukville,  sawk'vil,  a  post-village  in  Saukville  town- 
ship, Ozaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
about  4  miles  W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  has.  2  churches,  a  grist 
mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2060. 

Sauldre,  a  river  of  France.     See  Saudre. 

Saulgau,  sSwl'gow,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Altdorf  Weingarten.     Pop.  3332. 

Saulieu,  so^le-uh'  (anc.  Sidolucus  ?)  a  town  of  France, 
in  C6te-d'0r,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Semur.  Pop.  3113.  It 
has  a  communal  college  and  various  manufactures. 

Saulnierville,  sawl'neer-vil,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  25  miles  from  Digby. 
Pop.  300. 

Saulsburg,  sawlz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Saulsbury,  sawlz'b§r-re,  post-office,  Monroe  co..  Ark. 

Saulsbury,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  57  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  high  school. 
Much  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  250. 

Sauls'ton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.    P.  1511. 

Sault,  so,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  1476. 

Sault  au  Cochon,  sot  o  ko^sh6N"',  a  river-port  in 
Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
60  miles  below  Tadousac. 

Sault  au  Recollet,  sot  5  ri.^korii',  or  Back  River, 
a  post-village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  on  RiviSre  dea 
Prairies,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  one  of  the  largest  educational 
institutions  in  the  province,  contains  several  stores  and 
hotels,  and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  pleasure-seekers.     P.  650. 

Sault  aux  Moutons,  sot  5  moo^t6N<»',  a  village  in 
Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
35  miles  below  Tadousac.     Pop.  100. 


SAU 


2405 


SAV 


Sault-de-Xavailles,  s5-d?h-niViI',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Biisses-Pyr6n6es,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Orthez. 

Sault  (or  Saut)  Sainte  Marie  (usually  pronounced 
(00  sfint  ini'ree;  Fr.  pron.  so  siu"  miVee'),  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich.,  in  a  township  of  its  own 
name,  on  St.  Mary's  River  or  Strait,  about  14  miles  from 
the  outlet  of  Lake  Superior,  and  loO  miles  E.  of  Marquette. 
Here  are  rapids  which  obstructed  the  navigation,  but  the 
navigable  parts  of  the  river  have  been  connected  by  a  ship- 
canal  about  1  mile  long.  The  village  has  3  churches  and 
2  or  3  saw-mills,  and  is  partly  supported  by  fishing  and  the 
fur-trade.     Pop.  in  1890,  6760. 

Saalt  Sainte  Marie^  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry 
of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  district  of  Algoma,  on  St.  Mary's 
Strait,  opposite  Sault  Sainte  Marie,  Mioii.  The  rapids  at 
this  place  have  a  descent  of  22  feet  in  less  than  a  mile,  and 
form  the  natural  limit  of  steamboat  navigation;  but  a  canal 
has  been  cut  around  them  on  the  American  side.  (See 
Saint  Mary's  Strait.)  The  village  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  has  3  churches  and  5  stores.  Many  of  the  inhabitants 
are  engaged  in  the  fur-trade  and  the  fisheries.  Sault  Sainte 
Marie  is  the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Algoma,  and  of 
the  Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  Northern  Canada.     P.  400. 

Sault  Saint-Louis,  Quebec.     See  Caughnawaga. 

Saulx,  or  Saux,  so,  a  river  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Marne  and  Meuse,  after  a  W.N.W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Ornain  10  miles  E.N.B.  of  Vitry. 

SaulxureS)  so^zUr',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges, 
arrondissement  of  Remiremont.     Pop.  1932. 

Saulzoir,  so^zwaa',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Selle,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2240. 

Saumsville)  sawmz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  4  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  about  80. 

Saumur,  sS^milR'  (anc.  Salmurium  f),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Maine-et-Loire,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Angers,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Loire,  and  on  the  railway  from  Tours  to  Nantes. 
Pop.  13,463.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  communal 
college,  a  library,  a  riding-school  for  the  army,  a  botanio 
garden,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  cambrics,  leather,  chap- 
lets  or  rosaries,  and  excellent  wine. 

Saumurois,  so^mii^Rwi',  an  old  subdivision  of  France, 
now  distributed  among  the  departments  of  Maine-et-Loire, 
Indre-et-Loire,  and  Vienne.     Chief  town,  Saumur. 

Saunders,  sawn'd^rs,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ne- 
braska, has  an  area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Cottonwood,  Saline,  and  Wahoo  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
an  undulating  plain,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil 
la  calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Union  Pacific,  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley,  and 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroads,  all  of  which  con- 
nect with  Wahoo,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  4547  ;  in  1876, 
10,463;  in  1880,  15,810;  in  1890,  21,577. 

Saund'ers'  Island,  in  the  South  Atlantic,  near  Sand- 
wich Land,  lat.  57°  52'  S.,  Ion.  26°  24'  W.,  was  discovered 
by  Cook  in  1775. 

Saunder8vine,sawn'd?rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  in  Grafton  township,  on  Blackstone  River,  and 
on  the  Providence  &,  Worcester  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Worcester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.     P.  642. 

Saundersville,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  18 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gallipolis.     Pop.  360. 

Saundersville,  a  village  in  Scituate  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  1  mile  from  North  Scituate.  'It  has  mann- 
factures  of  cotton  yarns.     Pop.  101. 

Sanndersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn,, 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Saunemin,  Illinois.     See  Sanneuin. 

Saunte,  Sunth,  or  Santh,  sawnt,  a  native  state  of 
India,  Rewakanta  Agency.  Area,  356  square  miles.  Pop. 
49,675. 

Sauquoit,  saw-koit',  a  post-village  in  Paris  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Sauquoit  Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  il;  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Utica.  It 
has  2  churches,  the  Sauquoit  Academy,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton,  paper,  fiour,  t&c.     Pop.  459. 

Sauquoit  Creek,  New  York.    See  Sadaquada. 

Saurat,  so^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari4ge,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Foix.     Pop.  1443. 

Sausalito,  Calitomia.     See  Sadcklito. 

Santerne,  or  Sauternes,  sS^taiRn',  a  villsge  of 
France,  department  of  Gironde,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Basas.  It 
is  renowned  for  its  claret  wine. 

Santpoora  Mountains)  India.    See  Satpooba. 


Saut  Sainte  Marie.    See  Sault  Saintb  Maris. 

Sauvagerc,  La,  France.    See  La  SAuvAedRE. 

Sauve,  80V,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  Vidourl«^ 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nfmes.     Pop.  2070. 

Sauveni^re,  s5v^ne-aiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Namnr.     Pop.  1225. 

Sanvetat,  La,  1&  s5v^t&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oers,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1207. 

Sanveterre,  sSv^taiR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Basses-Pyr6n6es,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Orthe3,,-^-PM).  1544. 

Sanvie's  (saw'viz)  Island,  a  post-ofl^eof  l^ltnomah 
CO.,  Oregon,  and  an  island  in  the  Columbia  River  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Willamette,  20  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide. 

Saux,  a  river  of  France.     See  Saulx. 

Sauxillanges,  sdx^eePyftNzh'  or  s&x^eeVftRzb',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Puy-de-D&me,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Issoire. 

Sava,  8&'v&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce,  5  miles  W.  of 
Manduria.     Pop.  4757. 

Sava,  s&'v&,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo, 
50  miles  N.E.  of  Kioto. 

Sava,  s3,'v&,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Teheran. 

Savage,  sav'ij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  1 
mile  from  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio 
Railrokd,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cotton-mill,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sav'age  Island  (also  called  Nine),  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  lat.- 19°  S.,  Ion.  169°  W.  It  is  30  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, and  is  half-way  between  the  Samoan  and  Tonga 
Islands.  Pop.  6124,  all  Christians,  and  interesting  as  being 
of  partly  Samoan  and  partly  Melanesian  origin. 

Savage  Islands,  several  groups  of  islets  of  British 
North  America. 

Savage  Mountain,  a  ridge  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  is  the  N.W.  boundary  of  the 
Cumberland  or  Frostburg  coal  basin.     See  Mount  Savage. 

Savage  River,  Maryland,  a  small  stream  which  runs 
southward  in  Garrett  co.  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Potomac  River  2  miles  W.  of  Piedmont,  W.  Va. 

Savage's  Station,  a  station  on  the  Richmond  &  York 
River  Railroad,  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  E.  of  Rich- 
mond. One  of  the  "  seven  days' "  battles  occurred  here, 
June  29,  1862. 

Savaii,  s&-vi'ee,  the  largest  of  the  Samoan  Islands,  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  westernmost  and  richest  of  the 
group.  Lat.  (S.  point)  13°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  172°  29'  W.  Length, 
50  miles;  greatest  breadth,  30  miles.  Pop.  12,530.  See 
Samoan  Islands. 

Savalan,  a  mountain  in  Persia.     See  Sevellan. 

Savana  la  Mar,  s4-v&'n&  I&  maR,  called  also  Savan> 
nah  la  Mar,  a  town  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica.    Lat.  18°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  6'  W. 

Savana  la  Mar,  s&-v&'n&  \i,  maR,  or  Savan'nah 
la  Mar,  a  seaport  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  the  Bay  of 
Samana,  N.  coast,  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Samana. 

Savanilla,  South  America.     See  Sabanilla. 

Savanillo,  si-vi-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Cuba,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Matanzas. 

Savan'na,  or  Savannah,  a  post-village  in  Savanna 
township,  Carroll  co.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  Western  Union  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Mount  Carroll, 
and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  has  a  good 
landing,  and  an  active  business  in  shipping  produce.  It 
contains  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded  sohool,  a 
machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 
Pop.  of  viUage  in  1890,  3097 ;  of  township,  3445. 

Savan'nah,  an  important  river  of  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  is  formed  by  the  Tugaloo  and  Kiowee,  two  small 
streams  which  rise  near  the  S.  frontier  of  North  Carolina 
and  unite  on  the  boundary  between  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  and 
Franklin  co.,  Ga.  Flowing  in  a  general  S.S.E.  direction,  it 
forms  the  boundary  between  those  two  states  through  the 
whole  of  its  subsequent  course,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  near 
32°  N.  lat.  and  81°  W.  Ion.,  and  18  miles  below  Savannah 
City.  The  length  of  the  river,  exclusive  of  branches,  is 
estimated  at  450  miles.  The  navigation  is  good  from  No- 
vember to  June,  about  8  months  in  the  year.  Large  ves- 
sels ascend  to  Savannah,  steamboats  of  160  tons  to  Augusta, 
about  230  miles,  and  smaller  boats  150  miles  higher.  A 
canal  9  miles  long  was  constructed  in  1846  around  the  falls 
at  Augusta,  by  which  abundant  water-power  is  produced. 
The  river  is  about  300  yards  wide  at  the  latter  city.  The 
Savannah,  in  connection  with  its  right  branch,  forms  the 
entire  boundary  between  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Savannah,  a  post- village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  in 
El  Monte  township,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  li 
miles  W.  of  El  Monte,  and  12  miles  £.  of  Los  Angeles. 


SAV 


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Savannah)  an  important  commercial  city  and  port  of 
entry  of  Georgia,  is  situated  on  the  Savannah  River.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  the 
Charleston  <fc  Savannah  Railway,  and  the  Georgia  division 
of  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railway.  It  is  18 
miles  from  the  sea,  has  a  fine  harbor,  and  its  wharves  are 
accessible  to  vessels  drawing  22^  feet.  By  current  im- 
provements it  is  proposed  to  deepen  the  channel  to  26  feet. 
The  city  is  built  chiefly  upon  an  elevated  plain  50  feet  above 
low  water,  is  handsomely  laid  out,  having  in  the  centre  a 
beautiful  park  called  Forsyth  Place  and  within  its  limits 
some  30  small  parks,  besides  one  in  the  suburbs  of  300 
acres.  Several  of  these  are  adorned  with  statues  and  foun- 
tains, and,  like  the  streets,  are  shaded  by  live  oaks,  pines, 
magnolias,  palmettos,  and  other  native  trees.  There  are 
monuments  to  General  Nathanael  Greene,  Count  Pulaski, 
and  Sergeant  Jasper,  of  Revolutionary  fame ;  one  in  Court- 
House  Square  to  W.  W.  Gordon,  the  first  president  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  and  one  to  the  Confederate 
dead. 

The  city  is  built  mostly  of  bricks,  and  many  of  its  resi- 
dences are  handsome  specimens  of  architecture.  Among 
the  public  buildings  the  custom-house,  county  court-house, 
city  exchange,  cotton  exchange,  board  of  trade,  Hodgson 
Hall  (the  library  and  depository  of  the  Georgia  Historical 
Society),  the  Guard's  arsenal,  Armory  Hall,  Savannah 
Hospital,  masonic  temple.  Odd  Fellows'  hall,  Telfair 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  the  theatre  are  worthy 
of  note.  There  are  in  the  city  39  churches  (18  white,  21 
colored),  a  cathedral,  3  synagogues,  3  hospitals,  (one  for 
colored),  9  banks  with  capital  and  surplus  of  $4,600,000, 
6  savings-banks,  the  Bethesda  Orphan  House  (established 
by  Whitfield  in  1740),  the  Female  Orphan  Asylum,  the 
Infirmary  for  Colored  People,  and  the  Abrams  (widows') 
Home.  The  chief  of  the  churches  are  the  Independent 
Presbyterian,  St.  John's  (Episcopal),  cathedral  of  St.  John 
the  Baptist,  and  the  synagogue  of  Mickva  Israel.  The 
public  schools  are  well  conducted,  and  liberal  provision  is 
made  for  the  education  of  all  classes. 

The  harbor  of  Savannah  is  one  uf  the  best  on  the  south 
Atlantic  coast,  and  the  river  is  navigable  for  steamers  to 
Augusta,  about  200  miles  (by  channel)  inland.  Steamships 
run  regularly  to  Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York,  and 
Boston,  and  a  large  business  is  carried  on  by  steamers  along 
the  inland  coast  waterways.  The  chief  articles  of  export 
are  cotton  (average  1,000,000  bales  per  annum),  naval 
stores,  rice,  lumber,  and  phosphate  rook,  besides  which  the 
neighboring  country  supplies  large  freights  of  early  vege- 
tables. The  value  of  its  exports,  foreign  and  coastwise, 
were  in  1892  over  $150,000,000. 

Savannah  has  electric-light-  and  gas-works,  water-works, 
25  miles  of  electric  street-railways,  a  cotton-factory,  a 
knitting-factory,  3  ice-factories,  3  rice-pounding  mills,  5 
fertilizer  factories,  1  cotton-seed  oil  mill,  7  planing-mills,  2 
breweries,  foundries,  soap-works,  steam-bakeries,  and  all 
of  the  many  smaller  manufacturing  concerns  necessary  to 
the  business  of  a  large  city.  It  was  founded  by  General 
James  Oglethorpe  in  1733,  and  was  chartered  as  a  city  in 
1789.  Its  population  in  1850  was  15,312 ;  in  1860,  22,292; 
in  1870,  28,235;  in  1880,  30,709;  in  1890,  43,189. 

Savannah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
branch  of  the  North  Fabius  River,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Ottumwa.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Savannah)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Andrew  co..  Mo., 
in  Nodaway  township,  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  & 
Council  BlufiFs  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  6 
miles  from  the  Missouri  River.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  broom-factory, 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  1257. 

Savannah)  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Platte  River,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Savannah)  a  post-village  in  Savannah  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  32  miles  W. 
of  Syracuse,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Clyde.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  and  a  barrel-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  505. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Seneca  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1788. 

Savannah,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  515. 

Savannah)  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Ashland  co.,  0.,  7i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ashland,  and  about  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  contains  the  Savannah 
Academy  and  4  churches.     Pop.  394. 

Savannah)  a  hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Rome 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
of  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  grist-mill  on  Hooking 
River. 

Savannah)  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     P.  1067. 


Savannah)  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  44  miles  S.E. 
of  Jackson,  and  120  miles  S.AV.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  colleges  (male  and  female),  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1087. 

Savannah  la  Mar.    See  Savana  la  Mar. 

Savannah  River)  a  station  of  the  Savannah  &  Charles- 
ton Railroad,  on  the  Savannah  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Sa- 
vannah, Ga. 

Savanoor)  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Shahnoor. 

SavC)  siv  or  siv  (Ger.  Sau,  sow;  Hun.  Szdva,  si'vSV ; 
anc.  Sa'vug),  a  river  of  Austria-Hungary,  and  one  of  the 
principal  affluents  of  the  Danube,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Carniola,  flows  E.  through  Cro.itia  and  between  Slavonia 
and  Bosnia,  and  joins  the  Danube  at  Belgrade.  Its  course 
is  estimated  at  550  miles.  Its  chief  affluents,  all  from  the 
S.,  are  the  Kulpa,  Unna,  Verbas,  Bosna,  and  Drin ;  it  is 
navigable  from  its  mouth  to  the  influx  of  the  former  for 
vessels  of  from  150  to  200  tons.  On  the  N.  a  branch  of  the 
Alps  separates  its  basin  from  that  of  the  Drave. 

SavC)  siv,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Haute- 
Garonne  and  Gers,  joins  the  Garonne  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Toulouse,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  miles. 

Savelan)  a  mountain  of  Persia.     See  Setellam. 

SavenaV)  s4V§h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- In- 
fdrieure,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1703. 

Saveutheni)  s&'v^n-tdm^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1560. 

Saverdun)  siVjR'duNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge, 
18  miles  N.  of  Foix.     Pop.  2596. 

SavernC)  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Zabeen. 

Sa'verton)  a  post-hamlet  in  Saverton  township,  Ralls 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  below  Hannibal. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1599. 

SavianO)  s&-ve-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Nola.     Pop.  2881. 

Savigliano,  si-veel-y4'no  {fr-SavilHan,  siVeeryftNo' 
or  siVee^yfiM"'),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9  miles  E. 
of  Saluzzo.  Pop.  9544.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  square 
surrounded  with  arcades,  manufactures  of  woollens,  silks, 
and  linens,  and  an  active  trade  in  cattle. 

SavignanO)  si-veen-y&'nu,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
ifimilian  Way,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cesena.  Pop.  4542. 
It  has  a  public  library,  a  palace,  and  a  silk-factory. 

SavignanO)  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  9 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bovino.     Pop.  2400. 

Savignone)  s&-veen-yo'na,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  3903. 

SavignV)  siVeen^yee',  a  commune  of  France,  in  Loir- 
et-Cher,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  VendSme.     Pop.  2809. 

Savigny-en-Revermont)siVeen^yee'-6N»-r?h-v4R' 
mdN»',  a  commune  of  France,  department  of  Sa6ne-et-Loire, 
arrondissement  of  Louhans.     Pop.  2111. 

Sa'vill,  or  Sa'vil)  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg. 

Saville,  sa-vil',  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala 

SavillC)  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1693. 

Savillian)  a  town  of  Piedmont.     See  Saviqliano. 

Saviudroog)  s&Vin-droog',  a  strong  fortress  of  India, 
Mysore,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangalore.  Though  previously 
deemed  impregnable,  it  was  captured  by  the  British  in  1791 
without  the  loss  of  a  man. 

Sav'in  Hill)  a  station  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  2| 
miles  S.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

SaviO)  si've-o  (anc.  Sa'pis),  a  river  of  Italy,  province 
of  Forli,  after  a  N.  course  of  50  miles  enters  the  Adriatio 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Ravenna.  On  it,  about  6  miles  from  its 
mouth,  is  the  village  of  Savio. 

Sav-la>Mar.    See  Savana  la  Mar. 

SavO)  or  SavoC)  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Savoo. 

Savoca)  si-vo'ki,  a  village  of  Sicily,  in  Messina,  near 
the  E.  coast,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Taormina.     Pop.  2035. 

Savoia)  Savoja,  SavoiC)  Savoien)  or  Savoyen. 
See  Savoy.  J 

Savoie-Haute.    See  Hadte-Savoie.  fl 

Savona)  si-vo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  G^noa,  i* 
on  the  Mediterranean,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  16,030.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  many  other  good 
buildings.  Its  harbor  is  formed  by  a  mole  projecting  into 
the  sea,  and  is  difficult  of  access,  from  the  accumulation  of 
mud  and  sand  at  its  mouth.  Its  manufactures  comprise 
silk  goods,  hardware,  earthenware,  and  soap,  and  it  has  a 
brisk  trade  in  oranges  and  lemons  grown  in  its  vicinity. 

Savo'na,  a  post-village  in  Bath  township,  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  Rochester  di- 
vision of  the  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Bath.     It  has  3 


SAV 


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churches,  a  cheese-faotory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  pump-faotory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sa'vonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Elsinore  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Walnut  Station.  It  has 
a  church. 

SavoO)  Savoa«  or  Sava^  s^-voo',  written  also  Savo, 
Savoe^  and  Saboe^  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  be- 
tween the  islands  of  Timor  and  Sandalwood.  Lat.  10°  32' 
S. ;  Ion.  121°  35'  E.  It  is  about  21  miles  long  from  E.  to 
W.  It  is  divided  into  native  principalities,  subject  to  the 
Dutch  government.     Pop.  25,000. 

Savof,  or  Savoiy  s^-voi',  Duchy  of  (It.  Savoia,  or 
Savoja,  si-vo'yi ;  Fr.  Savoie,  siVwi' ;  Ger.  Savoyen,  s&- 
voi'^n;  Sp.  Saboya,  si,-^o'yi,;  L.  Sabau'dia),  formerly  one 
of  the  divisions  of  the  Sardinian  States,  bounded  N.  by 
Switzerland,  from  which,  in  that  direction,  it  wa£  almost 
entirely  separated  by  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  N.E.  by  Switzer- 
land, E.  and  S.E  by  Piedmont,  and  elsewhere  by  France 
and  Italy.  Administratively  Savoy  was  divided  into  the 
two  divisions  of  Chamb6ry  and  Annecy,  the  former  com- 
prehending the  provinces  of  Savoy  Proper,  Upper  Savoy, 
Maurienne,  and  Tarantaise,  and  the  latter  the  provinces  of 
Genevese,  Faucigny,  and  Chablais.  The  duchy  of  Savoy 
was  the  nucleus  of  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia.  Savoy  was 
ceded  to  France  about  1860,  and  now  forms  two  depart- 
ments, Savoy  and  Haute-Savoie. Inhabitant,  Savoyard, 

eav'o-yard\ 

Savoy,  or  La  Savoie,  1&  s&Vw&',  a  department  of 
France,  formed  of  the  southern  part  of  the  old  duchy  of 
Savoy.  It  is  traversed  everywhere  by  Alpine  ranges.  In- 
dustry is  chiefly  pastoral  and  agricultural.  Area,  2221 
square  miles.     Capital,  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  (1891)  263,297. 

SaWoy\  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Champaign  City.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Savoy,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  contains  2 
churches.     The  surface  is  hilly.     Pop.  730. 

Savoy,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  1 5  miles  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  church, 
a  masonic  lodge,  and  about  16  business  houses.     Pop.  400. 

Savoy  Centre,  a  post-oflSce  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass. 

Savu,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Savoo. 

Savus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Savb. 

Sawatch,  Colorado.     See  Saguache. 

Sawbridgeworth,  England.    See  Sabridoeworth. 

Saw  Dust,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church. 

Saw  Dust  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  from  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
flour-mill,  <fcc. 

SaAV^kehatch'ee    or     Son^gahatch'ee     Creek, 

Ala.,  rises  in  Lee  co.,  runs  westward  through  Tallapoosa  co., 
and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River. 

Saw  Mill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Saw'mill  Flat,  a  decayed  mining  village  of  Tuolumne 
CO.,  Cal.,  1  mile  E.  of  Columbia. 

Sawtelle's  (saw-tellz')  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  Montana,  near  lat.  44°  32'  N.,  about  3  miles 
S.  of  Henry  Lake.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  is  com- 
posed of  porphyry,  basalt,  &o.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to 
be  about  10,600  feet. 

Sawuntwaree,  si-wunt-wi'ree,  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  state  of  the  same  name,  near  the  Malabar  coast, 
30  miles  N.  of  Goa. 

Sawuntwaree,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Concan, 
under  British  control.  Area,  900  square  miles.  Pop. 
190,814.     Lat.  15°  38'-16°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'-74°  22'  E. 

Sawyer,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     See  Brown's. 

Saw'yer,  a  post-office  of  Door  co..  Wis. 

Sawyer  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Buff'alo,  Bradford  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2  miles  from 
Kendall.     It  has  a  machine-shop  and  oil-wells. 

Sawyer's,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  1  mile  S. 
of  Dover,  N.H, 

Sawyer's  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Salmon  River  (North  Fork),  60  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  It 
has  2  churches.  There  are  5  quartz-mills  near  it,  and 
quartz  and  placer  gold-mines.     Pop.  160. 

Sawyer's  River,  New  Hampshire,  rises  in  Grafton 
CO.,  and  forms  one  of  the  head  branches  of  the  Saco  River. 

Saw'yersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  High  Point  Sution. 

Saw'yerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  about 
&i)  miles  W.N.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Saw'yerville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
«n  £ut<jn  River,  16  miles  E.  of  Lennox.vilie.     Pop.  175. 


Sax,  or  SfU,  sin  (anc.  Salarid),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2195. 

Sax,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  on  a  railroad,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Saxapahaw,  sax-%-p9.-haw',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ala- 
mance CO.,  N.C. 

Saxe,  sax  (Ger.  Sachten,  s&K's^n),  a  prefix  to  the  names 
of  the  following  German  states : 

Saxe-Altenburg,  sax  il't^n-bJirg  (Ger.  Sach»en-Al- 
ienburg,  s&K's^n  il't^n-bS^RG^),  a  duchy  of  Central  Ger- 
many, separated  into  two  nearly  equal  portions  by  the 
lordship  of  Gera,  and  enclosed  by  the  territories  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  Weimar,  Saxe-Meiningen,  and  Schwarzburg-Ru- 
dolstadt.  Its  E.  part  is  called  Altenburg,  and  its  W.  Saal- 
Eisenberg.  The  people  are  chiefly  Protestants,  of  Wendish 
blood,  but  of  Gerinan  speech.  Area,  510  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  covered  by  ramifications  of  the  Erz-Gebirge  in  the 
W.,  and  watered  by  the  Saale,  Roder,  and  Orla.  The  chief 
industries  are  agriculture  and  cattle- rearing.  Capital,  Al- 
tenburg.    Pop.  in  1885,  161,460 ;  in  1890,  170,864. 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,sax  ko'burg  go't&  (Ger.  Sach- 
sen-Coburg-Gotha,  siK's§n  ko'bSoRG  go'ti),  a  duchy  of 
Germany,  in  Thuringia,  composed  of  two  principal  por- 
tions :  1,  the  duchies  of  Gotha  and  Coburg ;  2,  several 
detached  districts  enclosed  by  the  territories  of  Bavaria, 
Prussia,  Saxony,  Saxe-Meiningen,  and  Weimar.  Area,  760 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  with  fertile 
valleys.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Nesse,  Gera,  Saale,  and 
Itz.  The  chief  industries  are  agriculture  and  cattle-rearing. 
The  manufactures  of  Gotha  are  very  varied.  Education  is 
in  an  advanced  state.  Capitals,  Coburg  and  Gotha.  Pop. 
in  1885,  198,829;  in  1890,  206,513. 

Saxe-Lauenburg,  Germany.    See  Lauenburu. 

Saxe-Meiningen-Hildburghausen,  sax  mi'ning- 
?n  hlld-burg-hfiw'z^n  (Ger.  Saclisen-Meiniiigen-Hildburg- 
hausen,  six'^n  mi'ning-§n  hilt'booRG-hSw^z^n),  a  duchy 
of  Germany,  consisting  of  a  main  body  and  several  minor 
portions  isolated  from  it  and  partly  situated  at  a  consider- 
able distance.  The  main  body  consists  of  a  long  and  nar- 
row zone  of  a  crescent  shape,  the  concavity  turned  north- 
ward, and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Saxe-Weimar,  and  mainly 
enclosed  by  Prussia,  Saxe-Weimar,  and  Bavaria.  Greatest 
length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  about  90  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
15  miles.  Area,  including  the  minor  portions,  953  square 
miles.  It  is  hilly,  though  scarcely  mountainous,  the  loftiest 
summits  being  usually  of  moderate  elevation  and  covered 
with  forests.  On  the  E.  the  ridges  belong  to  the  Franken- 
wald,  on  the  N.  to  the  Thiiringerwald,  and  on  the  W.  to  the 
Rhon-Gebirge.  The  greater  part  of  the  surface  belongs  to 
the  basin  of  the  Werra,  which  traverses  it  first  in  a  W.  and 
then  in  a  N.N.W.  direction.  There  are  a  number  of  lakes 
and  mineral  springs.  The  higher  districts,  though  well 
wooded,  are  unfit  for  agriculture.  The  best  land  is  in  the 
valleys  of  the  AVerra  and  Saale,  but,  from  its  limited  extent 
and  from  the  inferiority  of  the  soil,  the  corn  raised  falls 
short  of  the  consumption.  The  pastures  are  abundant,  and 
rear  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  horses.  The  minerals 
include  iron  and  copper,  worked  to  a  small  extent,  argen- 
tiferous lead,  salt,  sulphur,  cobalt,  slate,  marble,  porcelaic, 
and  fuller's-earth.  The  inhabitants  are  very  industrious, 
and  carry  on  manufactures,  chiefly  of  iron-ware,  porcelain, 
glass,  and  articles  in  wood  and  pasteboard.  The  principal 
exports,  in  addition  to  these  articles,  are  wood,  salt,  wool, 
and  cattle.  The  government  is  a  hereditary  and  consti- 
tutional monarchy.  The  great  majority  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Lutherans.  Meiningen  is  the  capital.  Pop.  (1890) 
223,832. 

Saxen,  slx'^n,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  23  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Lintz,  lying  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube. 
Pop.  275.  The  commune,  which  includes  15  hamlets,  has 
a  pop.  of  1580. 

Saxenburg,  Butler  co..  Pa.     See  Saxonburo. 

Saxeville,  sax'vll,  a  post-village  of  Waushara  oo..  Wis., 
in  Saxeville  township,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh, 
and  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wautawa,  the  county-seat.  It  has 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  765. 

Saxe-Weimar- Eisenach,  sax  wi'm^r  i'z^n-ak^ 
(Ger.  Sach»en-  Weimar- Eisenach,  s&K's^n  i^i'mar  i'z^n-JkK^), 
a  grand  duchy  of  Central  Germany,  consisting  of  three 
larger  portions,  Weimar,  Neustadt,  and  Eisenach,  and 
twelve  smaller  parcels.  Weimar  proper  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  W.  by  Prussian  Sa.\ony  and 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  S.  by  Schwarzburg-Rudol- 
stadt,  and  on  the  S.E.  and  £.  by  Saxe-Altenburg.  Neu- 
stadt lies  to  the  S.E.  of  the  former,  and  is  completely  sepa- 
rated from  it.  Eisenach,  situated  considerably  to  the  W., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Prussian  Saxony,  S.  by  Bavaria, 


SAX 


2408 


SAX 


and  E.  by  Saxe-Meiningen  and  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.  Area 
of  the  whole,  1404  square  miles.  It  almost  wholly  belongs 
to  the  basins  of  the  Elbe  and  the  Weser,  the  former  drain- 
ing Weimar  by  the  Saale,  which  traverses  it,  and  the  Elster, 
Orla,  Ilm,  and  Unstrut,  tributaries  of  the  Saale,  and  the 
latter  draining  Eisenach  by  the  Werra  and  its  tributaries, 
Suhl,  Horsel,  Felda,  and  Ulster.  The  lakes  are  of  small 
extent,  but  numerous.  The  principality  of  Weimar  is  the 
most  fertile  part.  Eisenach  is  the  district  least  adapted  for 
agriculture.  In  the  valley  of  the  Saale  much  hemp  is 
grown,  and  in  some  sheltered  spots,  particularly  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Jena,  vineyards  are  seen.  The  forests  are 
very  extensive,  and  form  the  principal  wealth  of  the  grand 
duohy.  The  most  valuable  stock  is  sheep.  Swine  also  are 
very  numerous,  and  the  minerals  include  silver  and  copper, 
no  longer  worked;  iron  and  manganese,  worked  to  some 
extent;  salt  and  potter's  clay.  Manufactures  have  made 
most  progress  in  Eisenach,  where  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen 
tissues,  ribbons,  carpets,  Ac,  are  produced  to  a  consider- 
able extent.  The  principal  exports  are  timber,  dried  fruit, 
wool,  and  gin.  The  transit  trade  is  important.  Jena  is 
the  seat  of  a  university,  and  public  schools  are  numerous; 
Weimar  is  celebrated  for  its  literary  and  scientific  institu- 
tions. Nine-tenths  of  the  inhabitants  are  Protestants.  The 
principal  towns  are  Weimar,  Eisenach,  Jena,  Neustadt, 
Weida,  Kreuzburg,  and  Geisa.     Pop.  (1890)  326,091. 

SaxkiObing,  or  Saxlgobingjsax'k'yd^bing,  a  seaport 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  island  of  Laaland,  at  the  head  of 
a  bay,  which  forms  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  900. 

Sax'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo..  111.,  7  miles  E.  of 
Galva.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saxon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  oo.,  0.    Pop.  (1890)  93. 

Sax'onbnrg,  or  Sax'enburg,  a  post-borough  of 
Jefiferson  township,  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Saxon- 
burg  Station,  which  is  22  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  a  coach-factory.    Pop.  295. 

Sax'onland  (Ger.  Sachsenland,  six'^n-lint^),  the  S. 
part  of  Transylvania,  watered  by  the  Aloota  and  its  afflu- 
ents. Area,  3243  square  miles.  Pop.  381,573.  The  pres- 
ent inhabitants  preserve  almost  unmixed  their  German 
language  and  hereditary  usages,  and  are  the  most  indus- 
trious and  thriving  race  in  Transylvania.  Agriculture  is 
carefully  conducted;  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and 
other  goods  are  carried  on  in  the  towns,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Hermannstadt  and  Kronstadt. 

Sax'on  Switz'erland,  a  name  applied  to  the  moun- 
tainous part  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  S.E.  of  Dresden. 
It  is  highly  picturesque,  but  none  of  its  mountains  rise  to 
above  2000  feet  in  elevation. 

Sax'onville,  a  post-village  in  Framingham  township, 
Middlesex  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Sudbury  River,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  blankets  and  cotton  warp,  and  3 
churches. 

Sax'ony  (Ger.  Sachsen,  slK's^n;  L,  Saxo'nia;  Fr.  Saxe, 
six;  It.  Sassonia,  sis-so'ne-S,;  Sp.  Sajonia,  si-Ho-nee'i), 
an  old  division  of  North  Germany,  which  extended  between 
the  Baltic  and  the  North  Sea  in  the  N.  and  Bohemia  and 
Bavaria  in  the  S.  In  the  old  divisions  of  Germany  the 
circle  of  Upper  Saxony  composed  the  greater  part  of  the 
present  kingdoms  of  Prussia  and  Saxony,  and  that  of  Lower 
Saxony,  Hanover,  Brunswick,  Mecklenburg,  and  Holstein. 

Saxony,  Kingdom  of  (Ger.  Konigreich  Sachsen,  ko'nio- 
riK^  s5,K's§n),  a  kingdom  of  Germany,  forming  an  integral 
part  of  the  German  Empire,  bounded  on  the  N.W.,  N.,  and 
E.  by  Prussia,  on  the  S.E.  and  S.  by  Bohemia,  on  the  S.W. 
by  Bavaria,  and  on  the  W.  by  Reuss,  Saxe-Weimar,  and 
Saxe-Altenburg.  Length,  144  miles;  breadth,  15  to  88 
miles.  The  following  table  gives  the  area  and  pop.  by 
census  of  December  31,  1890 : 


Governmental  Districts. 

Sq.  miles. 

Pop.  asflo). 

Dresden 

1,672 

1,378 

1,783 

954 

950,454 

Leipsic ...,,. 

869,371 

1,309,998 

370,690 

Total 

5,787 

3,500,513 

According  to  religious  worship,  the  population  in  1890 
Avas  divided  as  follows :  Protestants,  3,337,850 ;  Roman 
Catholics,  128,509 ;  German  Catholics,  873 ;  Christian  sects, 
11,519 ;  Jews,  9368.  Most  of  the  people  speak  German, 
but  in  the  E.  some  50,000  people  use  Wendish  dialects. 
Chief  towns,  Dresden,  Leipsio,  Chemnitz,  Zwickau,  Freiberg, 
Plauen,  and  Glauchau.    The  surface  is  very  mountainous; 


it  is  traversed  on  the  S.  and  S.E.  frontier  by  the  Erz-Ge- 
birge  and  Riesen-Gebirge,  the  latter  rising  to  4000  feet  in 
height;  the  mean  elevation  of  the  country  is  about  1100 
feet.  The  climate  in  the  plains  is  mild  and  salubrious,  but 
a  portion  of  the  mountain-district  of  the  Erz-Gebirge  is 
termed  "Saxon  Siberia,"  from  the  severity  of  the  winter 
climate.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year  at  Dresden,  40.1° 
Fahr. ;  winter,  32.7°;  summer,  66°;  at  Altenberg  the  mean 
temperature  is  only  42.5°  Fahr.  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  and 
cultivated  with  great  care;  the  chief  crop  is  rye;  wheat 
and  barley  are  grown  in  the  valleys,  oats  and  potatoes  in 
the  higher  districts.  Fruit  is  extensively  cultivated,  ami 
wine  of  inferior  quality  is  produced  from  the  vineyards  of 
the  Elbe.  The  forests,  which  cover  one-fourth  of  the  sur- 
face, furnish  excellent  timber.  The  breed  of  merino  sheep 
is  celebrated,  and  yields  valuable  wool,  much  of  which  is 
exported  to  England.  Cattle-breeding  is  important  in  the 
high  grounds,  and  sheep-breeding  for  wool,  which  is  excel- 
lent in  quality.  The  country  is  watered  by  the  Elbe,  which 
traverses  it  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  entering  it  through  the 
range  of  the  Erz-Gebirge,  navigable  for  barges  and  small 
steamers,  and  its  affluents,  the  Little  Elster,  the  Zwickauer 
Mulde,  Zschopau,  Freiberger  Mulde,  Roder,  Spree,  and 
Pleisse.  Saxony  is  rich  in  iron,  lead,  copper,  silver,  cobalt, 
bismuth,  antimony,  and  coal.  Upwards  of  500  mines  are 
in  active  operation;  the  centre  of  the  mining  districts  is 
the  Freiberg.  Porcelain  clay,  marble,  and  building-stones 
are  abundant.  The  chief  manufacture  is  that  of  cotton. 
The  other  chief  branches  of  industry  are  linen-  and  woollen- 
weaving,  woollen-cloth-making,  including  merinoes  and 
delaines,  lace,  embroidery,  the  fine  porcelain  of  Meissen, 
called  Dresden  china,  paints  and  articles  for  decorative 
use  made  from  cobalt  ore,  and  pianos  and  other  musical 
instruments.  Commerce,  which  is  very  extensive,  especi- 
ally in  books  and  manufactured  goods  at  Leipsic,  is  facili- 
tated by  the  river  Elbe,  and  by  railways  from  Dresden  to 
Leipsic,  Halle,  Berlin,  Ac.  Public  instruction  is  well  de- 
veloped, the  proportion  being  one  pupil  to  every  six  of  the 
population  (99  of  every  100  children  capable  of  instruc- 
tion being  in  attendance  at  school),  and  the  University  of 
Leipsic  is  one  of  the  principal  in  Germany.  There  are  9 
normal  colleges.  The  electorate  of  Saxony,  created  in  1422, 
was  erected  into  a  kingdom  by  Napoleon  I.  in  1806,  who 
united  to  it  the  grand  duchy  of  Warsaw,  which,  along  with 
some  portions  of  the  Saxon  territories,  was  detached  from 
it  in  1815.  The  government  is  a  hereditary  limited  mon- 
archy. The  Prussian  army  entered  Dresden,  en  route  to 
Bohemia,  June  17,  and  a  treaty  of  peace  between  Saxony 
and  Prussia,  by  which  the  former  entered  the  North  Ger- 
man Confederation  and  Prussia  engaged  to  leave  the  king- 
dom of  Saxony  intact,  was   signed   September  21,  1866. 

Saxony  entered  the  empire  on  its  formation. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Sax'on  (Fr.  Saxon,  six'6N»';  Sp.  Sajon,  si-Hon'; 
It.  Sassone,  sis'so-ni;  Ger.  adj.  SACHSiscH,'8ix'ish;  inhab. 
Sachse,  siK's^h). 

Saxony,  or  Prus'siau  Sax'ony,  a  province  of 
Prussia,  between  lat.  50°  27'  and  53°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  9°  60' 
and  15°  16'  E.,  having  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  the  province 
of  Brandenburg,  W.  Brunswick  and  the  provinces  of  Han- 
over and  Hesse-Nassau,  and  on  the  S.  the  duchies  and 
kingdom  of  Saxony,  enclosing  Anhalt  and  Schwarzburg- 
Rudolstadt,  and  having  many  outlying  detached  districts. 
Area,  9748  sq.  miles.  Pop.  (1890)  2,580,010.  The  Harz,  at 
the  W.  extremity,  is  a  mountainous  district ;  elsewhere  the 
surface  is  level  and  watered  by  the  Elbe,  with  its  tributaries 
the  Saale,  Mulde,  and  Unstrut.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Corn, 
flax,  hemp,  hops,  tobacco,  madder,  and  chiccory  are  the  prin- 
cipal products;  vines  are  grown  on  the  banks  of  the  Saale 
and  Elbe.  Sheep-breeding  is  extensively  carried  on,  and 
wool  is  a  principal  article  of  export.  The  province  has  coal-, 
iron-,  salt-,  and  copper-mines.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  fine  woollens,  linen  fabrics,  earthenwares,  paper,  beer, 
and  spirits.  It  is  divided  into  the  three  governments  of 
Magdeburg,  Erfurt,  and  Merseburg.     Capital,  Magdeburg. 

Sax'ton,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Fred- 
erick division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  llj  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Frederick. 

Saxton,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school. 

Saxton,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

Saxton,  a  post-borough  in  Liberty  township,  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  A  Broad  Top  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  church  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  A 
branch  railroad  extends  hence  to  Dudley.     Pop.  318. 

Saxton's  River,  a  post-village  in  Rockingham  town* 


SAY 


2409 


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ship,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  river  of  its  own  name, 
about  4  miles  W.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  the 
Vermont  academy  (richly  endowed),  a  woollen-faotory,  a 
carriage-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4579. 

Saybrook,  sa'brook,  a  post-village  in  Old  Saybrook 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  River,  32  miles  E.  of  New 
Haven.  It  is  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Connecticut  Valley 
Kailroad,  and  near  the  Shore  Line  Railroad.  It  contains 
the  Seabury  Institute,  4  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
augers  and  gimlets. 

Saybrook,  a  township  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Conn.  Pop. 
1362.  It  contains  Deep  River  and  Winthrop.  See  also 
Old  Satbrook. 

Saybrook,  a  post-village  in  Cheney's  Grove  township, 
McLean  co..  111.,  on  the  Bloomington  division  of  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-ofSoe,  3  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  tiles, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  851. 

Saybrook,  a  post-village  in  Saybrook  township,  Ash- 
tabula CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  50  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1421. 

Saybrook  Point,  a  post-village  in  Old  Saybrook 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 
It  has  a  fine  summer  hotel. 

Sayda,  a  town  of  Saxony.     See  Saida. 

Sayersville,  sa'^rz-vil,  or  Sayerville,  sa'^r-vil,  a 
post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of 
South  Amboy.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
fire-bricks  and  other  bricks. 

Sayles  (salx)  Bleach'ery,  a  village  in  Lincoln  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  A  Worcester 
Railroad,  near  Pawtucket.  It  has  extensive  bleaohing- 
<vorks,  a  graded  school,  and  a  union  chapel.     Pop.  450. 

Saylor,  sa'l9r,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  691. 
Bee  Saylobsville. 

Saylorsburg,  sa'l9rz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Saylorsville,  sa'l^rz-vil,  a  post- village  in  Saylor  town- 
ship, Polk  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  A  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, at  Saylor  Station,  6^  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has 
a.  church. 

Sayn,  sine,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  and  6 
miles  N.  of  Coblentz,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Brochse  and 
the  Saynbaoh.     Pop.  2231,  with  surroundings. 

Sayny,  or  Seiny,  si'nee,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Suvalki,  on  the  Niemen,  here  joined  by  the  Sey- 
neozka,  18  miles  E.  of  Suvalki.  Pop.  4035.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Saypan,  or  Seypan,  si^pin',  one  of  the  Ladrone 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  15°  19'  44"  N.,  Ion. 
146°  E.,  12  miles  in  length,  and  having  a  good  harbor  on 
its  W.  side. 

Sayre,  sa'^r,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  above  Athens,  and  20  miles 
from  Elmira.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Southern  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad  and  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Owego.  It  has  a  foundry  for  car-wheels,  a  woollen- 
raill,  a  steam  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Sayville,  sa'vil,  a  post-village  of  SuflFolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Islip  township,  on  Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the  Southern 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  4  miles  W.  of  Patchogue,  and  51 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  4  churches,  several  summer 
boarding-houses,  a  ship-yard,  Ac.  It  is  mainly  supported 
by  the  fisheries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  8783. 

Sayyidpur,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Stedpoor. 

Sazawa,  si-zi'^i,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  after  a  W.N.W. 
course  .of  95  miles,  joins  the  Moldau  12  miles  S.  of  Prague. 

Scaer,  ski^aiR',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Finistfire, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Quimperlg.     Pop.  729. 

Scafati,  sk&-f&'tee.  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, on  the  Sarno,  6  miles  W.  of  Nooera.     Pop.  7828. 

Scafell,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Scaw'- 
fell,  a  mountain  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  near  the 
borders  of  Westmoreland,  10  miles  N.B.  of  Ravenglass,  and 
having  two  summits  respectively  3166  and  3002  feet  in 
height.     The  river  Esk  rises  on  its  E.  side. 

Scala,  sk&'lS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles 
W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  1438. 

Scalabis,  an  ancient  name  of  Santareh. 

152 


Scala  Nova,  ski'li  no'vi  (ano.  Neap'olis),  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  40  miles 
S.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  20,000.  It  stands  on  a  slope  rising 
from  the  sea.  The  principal  edifices  are  mosques,  khans, 
and  public  baths.  It  had  formerly  an  active  trade.  See 
Gulf  of  Scala  Nova. 

Scalaplano,  a  village  of  Sardinia.  See  Escalaplano. 

Scaldasole,  sk&l-d&-8o'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia.     Pop.  1094. 

Scaldis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Scheldt. 

Scalea,  sk&-l&'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  28 
miles  W.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  of  commune,  2011. 

Scaienghe,  ski-lin'gi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
7  miles  E.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  4417. 

Scales  (skalz)  Mound,  a  post- village  in  Scales  Mound 
township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galena.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  748. 

Scaiesville,  skalz' vil,  a  post-office  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind. 

Scaletta,  ski-l£t't&,  a  village  of  Sicily,  on  its  E.  coast, 
13  miles  S.  of  Messina.     Pop.  1103. 

Scal'loway,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  mainland  of 
Shetland,  at  the  head  of  Scalloway  Bay,  6  ipiles  W.S.W.  of 
Lerwick.  Pop.  525.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a  good 
harbor. 

Scai'pa,  a  small  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Inverness,  off  the  E.  side  of  Skye.  Pop.  48.  Another 
Scalpa  (or  Scalpay)  lies  off  East  Loch  Tarbet,  in  Harris. 
Pop.  421. 

Scalpa  Flow,  a  sea-basin  among  the  Orkneys,  nearly 
enclosed  by  Pomona,  Burray,  South  Ronaldshay,  and  Hoy, 
and  containing  many  smaller  islands.  Length,  15  miles ; 
breadth,  8  miles. 

Scalp  Lev'el,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township, 
Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  churches  and  stores . 

Scamauder.    See  Boonarbashee  and  Mender. 

Scam'bler,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  256. 

Scam'monville,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co., 
Kansas,  in  Mineral  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort 
Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Stilson.  It  has  a  coal- 
mine. 

Scanderoon,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Iskanderoox. 

Scandia,  skan'de-a,  a  post-village  in  Scandia  town 
ship.  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Republican  River,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Concordia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  750  ;  of  township,  1394. 

Scandia,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Minn. 

Scandiano,  sk&n-de-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Modona,  on  the  Seochia.     Pop.  of  commune,  7742. 

Scandinavia,  skan-de-ni've-a,  the  classic  name  of 
the  great  peninsula  of  North  Europe,  consisting  of  Sweden 
and  Norway.     See  Sweden  and  Norway. 

Scan^dina'via,  a  post- village  in  Scandinavia  township, 
Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad, 
35  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Waupaca. 
It  has  flour-mills,  lumber-  and  saw-mills,  and  several  gen- 
eral stores.  Pop.  of  the  village  about  100 ;  of  the  township, 
1142. 

Scania,  sk&'ne-&,  or  Sk&ne,  sko'n^h,  an  old  province 
of  Sweden,  at  its  S.  extremity,  now  subdivided  into  the  laens 
of  Malmohus  and  Christianstad. 

Scanno,  sk&n'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila. 
Pop.  2241. 

Scansano,  sk&n-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  3685. 

Scan'tic,  a  hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  10  miles 
N!N.E.  of  Hartford,  and  J  of  a  mile  from  Osborn  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Scantic  River  rises  in  Hampden  oo.,  Mass.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  in  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  about  9  miles  above  the  city  of  Hartford. 

Scaphusia,  the  Latin  name  of  Schaffhausen. 

Scappoose,  skap-poos',  a  post-office  of  Columbia  oo., 
Oregon,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 

Scara,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Scariff. 

Scarba,  skar'bi,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Argyle,  ofif  the  N.  end  of  Jura.  Length  and  breadth,  3 
miles  each.     Height  above  the  sea,  1500  feet. 

Scarbia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Scharnitz. 

Scarborough,  skar'b'rilh  or  skar'bar-rilh,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  a  headland 
extending  into  the  North  Sea  (lat.  of  light-house,  54°  17' 
N.,  Ion.  0°  23'  5"  W.),  43  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  York.  It 
consists  of  numerous  streets,  lighted  with  gas,  rising  in  suc- 
cessive tiers  from  the  shore  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre. 


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and  contains  elegant  terraces,  crescents,  and  mansions.  It 
has  a  town  hall,  custom-house,  jail,  assembly-room  and 
theatre,  several  churches  and  places  of  worship,  a  gram- 
mar-, Lanoasterian,  national,  and  various  other  schools,  sev- 
eral hospitals,  a  sea-bathing  infirmary  for  poor  invalids, 
a  museum  of  geology  and  natural  history,  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, 2  public  libraries,  and  a  philosophical  society.  Scar- 
borough is  much  frequented  for  sea-bathing,  and  for  its 
mineral  waters,  which  have  long  been  in  repute.  These 
last  are  obtained  from  springs  on  the  sea-shore  under  a 
olifT,  and  are  approached  by  a  bridge  leading  across  a  chasm 
400  feet  wide.  Scarborough  Harbor  is  used  as  a  place  of 
shelter  from  the  E.  gales,  is  easy  of  access,  and  safe  and 
commodious  within.  The  bay  is  protected  on  the  N.E.  by 
'a  high  promontory,  on  the  summit  of  which,  300  feet  above 
sea-level,  are  the  ruins  of  the  castle  of  Scarborough.  The 
town  carries  on  a  limited  foreign  trade  and  considerable 
coastwise  traffic.  The  fishery,  once  a  source  of  great  profit 
to  the  town,  has  declined.  The  borough  sends  one  member 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1891,  33,776. 

Scarborough,  the  capital  town  of  the  West  India 
island  of  Tobago,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  8  miles  S.W.  of  George- 
town.    Lat.  11°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  30'  W.     Pop.  1200. 

Scarborough,  skar'bur-rub,  a  post-village  of  Scriven 
CO.,  Ga.,  near  the  Qgeechee  River,  on  the  Central  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Scarborough,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me. 
}t  is  intersected  by  the  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  and 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroads,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  contains  a  summer  resort  called  Soar- 
borough  Beach  or  Oak  Hill,  and  Dunston.  Pop.  1847. 
Scarborough  Post-Office  is  at  Dunston. 

Scarborough,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Tarrytown,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Sing  Sing.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Scarborough,  or  Scarbrough,  skar'brilh,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord 
Station.     It  has  2  stores,  a  tannery,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Scarborough,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toronto. 

Scarborough  Beach,  Maine.    See  Oak  Hill. 

Scarborough  Islands,  or  Los  Buenos  Jar- 
dines,  loce  bw^'noce  HaR-dee'nis,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  the  Marshall  Islands.  Lat.  21° 
40'  N.;  Ion.  151°  35'  E. 

Scarda,  skaa'di,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  circle  and 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Zara. 

Scardizza,  skaK-dit's&,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia, 
circle  of  Zara,  3  miles  W.  of  Pago. 

Scardona,  skaR-do'ni,  or  Scradin,  skri-deen',  a 
town  of  Dalmatia,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sebenico,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Kerka.  Pop.  8207.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Under  the  Romans  it  was  the  capital  of  Liburnia. 

Scardona,  the  ancient  name  of  Isola  Grossa. 

Scar'iff,  or  Scara,  skah'ra,  a  small  island  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Kerry,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Hoghead. 

Scariff,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the  Soariff, 
6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Killaloe. 

Scar'let's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Reading.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Scarmagno,  skaR-m&n'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin, 
about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1027. 

Scarnafigi,  skaR-ni-fee'jee,  or  Scarnafiggi,  skar- 
ni-fid'jee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cuneo,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2020. 

Scarp,  or  Scar'pa,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides, 
in  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness.  It  is  a  rocky  mountain  of 
gneiss,  1000  feet  high  and  3  miles  long.     Pop.  156. 

Scarpanto,  skar'p&n-to  (anc.  Gar' pathos),  an  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Turkey,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Rhodes.  Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  8  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous;  iron  and  marble  are  the  principal 
products.  It  has  several  harbors,  the  largest,  Porto  Grande, 
being  on  its  W.  side.  At  its  N.  extremity  is  the  village  of 
;Scarpanto. 

Scarpe,  skaRp,  a  navigable  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  flows  E.  past  Arras,  Douai, 
Marchiennes,  and  Saint-Amand,  and  joins  the  Scheldt  at 
Mortagne,  on  the  frontier  of  Belgium.     Length,  25  miles. 

Scarperia,  skaR-p^-ree'i,  or  Scarperia  di  Mn- 
gello,  8kaR-p&-ree'&  dee  moo-jil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  province  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Florence.  It  has 
a.  manufactory  of  cutlery.     Pop.  6011. 

Scarsdale,  skarz'dal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Soarsdale  town- 


ship, Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  530. 

Scary,  West  Virginia.    See  Mouth  op  Scart. 

Scat'ary,  an  islet  of  British  North  America,  cfF  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  Lat.  43°  N. ;  Ion.  59° 
41'  W.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  6  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles, 

Scattery,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Inniscattery. 

Scavenia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Skagen. 

Scawfeil,  England.     See  Scafell. 

Sceaux,  so,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine,  6 
miles  S.  of  Paris  by  railway.     Pop.  2460. 

Sceuega,  sen'e-ga,  a  post-office  of  Ventura  co ,  Cal. 

Scenery  Hill,  Washington  co.,  Pa.  See  Hillsborough. 

Scerni,  shfiR'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  7 
miles  W.  of  II  Vaato.     Pop.  2842. 

Scey-sur-Saone,  sA-siiR-son,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Sa6ne,  on  the  Sa6ne,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vesoul. 

Schaafheim,  sh&fhlme,  a  town  of  Hesse,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dieburg.     Pop.  1484. 

Schaal,  a  lake  of  Germany.     See  Schall. 

Schadrinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shadrinsk. 

Schaefferstown,  Pennsylvania.  See  Shaefferstown. 

Schaerbeek,  sK&R'b&k,  a  town  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Senne,  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  N.N.E.,  and  properly 
a  suburb,  of  Brussels.  It  contains  a  great  number  of  fine 
mansions  of  recent  date.     Pop.  34,177. 

Schafa,  s'hi'fi,  or  Schaffern,  shif'f^rn,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  1218. 

Schaffen,  sh&ff^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Demer,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

Schaffhausen,  shiff-h5w'z§n  (Fr.  Schaffome,  or 
Schaffhoute,  shirfooz' ;  L.  Scaphu'aia),  the  northernmost 
canton  of  Switzerland,  N.  of  the  Rhine,  which  separates  it 
from  the  cantons  of  Zurich  and  Tburgau,  and  enclosed  by 
the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.  Area,  116  square  miles.  Pop. 
38,925,  nearly  all  Protestants.  The  surmce  is  undulating. 
Soil  fertile.  The  transit  trade  is  important,  and  the  capital 
town  is  a  principal  entrepStfor  goods  passing  between  Ger- 
many and  Switzerland.  The  principal  towns  are  Schaff- 
hausen and  Beringen.  The  government  is  democratic, 
consisting  of  a  grand  council  or  legislative  body,  chosen  by 
the  male  inhabitants,  and  the  petty  or  executive  council, 
composed  of  24  members  of  the  grand  council,  and  presided 
over  by  a  burgomaster,  who  is  elected  annually. 

Schaflfhausen,  the  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  on  the  Basel-Con- 
stance Railway,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  12,479.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  defended  by  a  citadel  on  an 
adjacent  height,  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  Roman  fortress. 
The  houses  are  antiquated  and  of  curious  architecture. 
Principal  edifice,  the  minster,  a  large  cathedral.  It  has  a 
college  and  a  town  library,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
stuffs,  files,  and  cutlery.  It  communicates  by  steamers  with 
Constance.  The  Falls  of  Schafi°hausen,  a  cataract  of  the 
Rhine,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  town,  has  a  total  descent  of 
about  100  feet,  and  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  phenomena 
of  its  kind  in  Europe. 

Schafstedt,  shafstdtt,  or  Schaafstadt,  8h3,ff'st&tt,  a 
town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mersebuig. 

Schagen,  sKi'gh^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  11  miles  N.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  2102. 

Schaghticoke,  skat'i-k56k^,  a  township  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  with  a  station  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troy.  Pop.  3275.  The  township 
contains  Hart's  Falls  (formerly  Schaghticoke). 

Schaghticoke  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Schaghticoke  township,  i  mile  from  the  Troy  &  Boston 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Schall,  shil,  or  Schaal,  sh&I,  a  lake  of  North  Ger- 
many, partly  in  Lauenburg  and  partly  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  9  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  breadth. 

SchalPs,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Mo. 

Schamachi,  Russia.     See  Shauaka. 

Schanck  (shank).  Mount,  a  table-shaped  hill  of  Soutn 
Australia,  near  the  coast,  in  lat.  37°  55'  S.,  Ion.  139°  49'  E. 
It  rises  at  an  abrupt  angle  to  the  height  of  800  or  900  feet, 
and  has  on  its  summit  3  craters.  Lava  and  other  volcanic 
products  are  scattered  around  it. 

Schanck's  (shanks)  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  0°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  163°  E. 

Schandau,  shAn'dSw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  31  miles  S.E- 
of  Dresden,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3111. 

Sch£lnis,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Schennis. 

Schapville,  skap'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111., 
7  miles  S.  of  Scales  Mound  Station.  It  has  a  church.  Her« 
is  Houghton  Post-Offioe. 


SCH 


2411 


SCH 


Sch&rding,  or  Scheerdiug*  shaiR'ding,  a  town  of 
Austria,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Passau,  on  the  Inn.    Pop.  2962. 

Scharditz,  shaR'dits,  or  Sardice,  saR-deet'sft,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  circle  of  Hradiach.    Pop.  1150. 

ScharnitZy  shaR'nits  (ano.  Scar'bia,  or  Por'ta  Glau'- 
dia  T),  a  village  and  pass  in  Tyrol,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Inn- 

?>ruck,  and  the  scene  of  a  combat  between  the  French  and 
yrolese  in  1809. 

Schftssburg,  shSss'bSdRO,  or  Segesvar,  sh&^ggsh^- 
v&r',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  in  Saxonland,  on  the  Great 
K'okel,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maros-V&sirhely.  Pop.  8204, 
It  has  a  gymnasium,  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens, 
and  an  extensive  trade. 

Schat-el-(orSchat-ul-)  Arab.  See  Shat-el-Arab. 

Schatsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Siiatsk. 

SchattaUy  shit'tow,  or  Satow^  si'tov,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  1795. 

Schatter,  shifter,  a  river  of  Baden,  after  a  course  of 
36  miles,  joins  the  Kinzig  at  Eehl. 

Schatul'ga,  a  station  in  Chattahoochee  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Schatzlar,  sh&ts'lar,  Berustadt^  b^Rn'st&tt,  or 
Barnstadt)  a  town  of  Bohemia,  .33  miles  N.  of  Ednig- 
gratz. 

Schaumburg-Lippe,  showm'bSSRG  lip'p^h,  a  prin- 
cipality of  Germany,  enclosed  by  the  Prussian  provinces  of 
Hesse-Nassau,  Hanover,  and  Westphalia,  exclusive  of  some 
detached  lordships.  Area,  171  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  hilly  in  the  S.,  and  flat  in  the  N.,  where  the  Steinhuder 
Lake  occupies  about  22,000  acres.  The  principal  river  is 
the  Weser.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Lutherans,  and 
employed  in  agricultural  industry,  coal-mines,  and  the 
manufacture  of  linens.  The  principal  towns  are  Biioke- 
burg  (the  capitol)  and  Stadthagen.     Pop.  in  1890,  39,163. 

Schazk)  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shatsk. 

Schebrak,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Zebrak. 

Scheemda,  sK&m'd&,  or  Scheemder,  8K&m'd§r,  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  and  16  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Grouingen.     Pop.  4061. 

Scheer,  shaiR,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Sigmaringen.     Pop.  1139. 

Scheerding)  a  town  of  Austria.    See  ScHX.RDiNa. 

Schehalliou.    See  Schihallion. 

Scheibenberg,  shi'b^n-b^RG^  a  village  of  Saxony,  6 
miles  E.  of  Schwarzenberg.  Pop.  2270.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  lace,  and  mines  of  silver,  cobalt,  tin,  and  iron. 

Scheideck)  shi'ddk,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Bern,  in  the  Oberland,  8  miles  S.  of  Brienz.  Height 
above  the  sea,  6473  feet.  Lesser  Scheideck,  or  Wengern 
Alp,  ♦fing'^m  41p,  is  a  mountain  S.W.  of  the  above,  be- 
tween Lauterbrunnen  and  Grindelwald. 

Scheldt)  skdlt,  often  pronounced  shSid  (Dutch,  Schelde, 
BKfil'd^h ;  Fr.  Eacaut,  is^ko' ;  Sp.  Eacalda,  Ss-kil'di ;  anc. 
Seal'dis),  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the  French  depart- 
ment of  Aisne,  flows  N.E.  through  the  department  of  Nord 
and  the  Belgian  provinces  of  Hainaut  and  East  Flanders 
to  Antwerp,  where  it  turns  N.W.  and  enters  the  North  Sea, 
in  the  Dutch  province  of  Zealand,  by  two  mouths,  the  East 
and  West  Scheldt,  which  enclose  the  two  islands  of  Beve- 
land  and  Walcheren.     Total  course,  200  miles.  In  its  lower 

Sart  it  traverses  a  flat  country  and  its  banks  are  fenced  by 
ikes.  Affluents,  the  Scarpe,  Lys,  and  Durme  from  the 
W.,  and  the  Dender  and  Rupel  from  the  E.  It  is  naviga- 
ble nearly  throughout,  and  connected  by  canals  with  the 
Somme,  Seine,  and  Loire,  and  the  principal  cities  and  towns 
of  Belgium,  and  it  is  of  high  commercial  importance. 

Sch61estadt,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Schlettstadt. 

Schelikof)  or  Schelikow.    See  Shelikoff. 

Schellboarne^  sheH'bfirn,  a  post-hamlet  of  White 
Pine  CO.,  Nev.,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Eureka,  and  55  miles 
N.W.  of  Hamilton      Silver  is  found  near  it. 

Schell  (shell)  City,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  oo.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  City  &  Texas  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Nevada,  and  1  mile  from  the  Osage  River.  It  has 
a  church,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Coal  is 
found  near  this  place.    Pop.  in  1890,  847. 

Schellc,  SEdl'l^b,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  ai^d  7 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  1648. 

Schellebelle,  sKdl'l^h-bin^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
on  the  Scheldt,  9  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1925. 

Schellenberg,  shdl'l^n-bdRG^  a  village  of  Bavaria,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Salzburg.  Here,  in  1764,  Marlborough  de- 
feated the  Duke  of  Bavaria. 

Schellenberg,a  town  of  Saxony,  8  miles  E.  of  Chem- 
nitz.    Pop.  1865. 

Scheliing.   See  Terschellimo  and  Wester  Schelling. 

Schell'St  shelz,  a  post-offioe  of  Perry  co.,  Mo. 


Schellsburg,  shelz'burg,  a  post-borough  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Napier  township,  4  miles  from  Mann's  Choice 
Station,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Bedford.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
institute,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  342. 

Schemachi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sbamaka. 

SchemnitZ,  shim'nits  (Hun.  Selmecz  Banya,  shiP- 
mSts'  b&n'y5h^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Honth,  on  the 
Schemnitz,  3300  feet  above  the  sea,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Gran.  Lat.  48°  27'  N.;  Ion.  18°  58' E.  Pop.  14,029.  It 
has  a  school  of  mining,  founded  in  ]  760  by  Maria  Theresa 
and  having  200  students.  The  mines  of  Schemnitz,  partly 
belonging  to  the  crown,  extend  under  the  town,  and  furnish 
considerable  quantities  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  oopper,  iron, 
sulphur,  and  arsenic.  All  the  imperial  mines  are  connected 
with  one  another,  offering  in  their  whole  extent  a  subter- 
ranean passage  nearly  3^  miles  long.  Below  the  mines 
is  the  adit  of  Joseph  II.,  a  magnificent  work,  12  feet  in 
height  by  10  feet  in  breadth,  extending  from  Chemnitz  to 
the  valley  of  Gran,  10  miles ;  it  may  be  used  either  as  a 
canal  or  as  a  railway. 

Schenck's,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.    See  Bridgewateu. 

Schendelbeke,  SKdu'd^l-bi^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
on  the  Dender,  24  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2480. 

Schendi ,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Shendt. 

Schenectady,  sk^n-Sk'ta-de,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  ia 
intersected  by  the  Mohawk  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Schoharie  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  butter,  maize,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Centred  and  Albany 
&,  Susquehanna  Railroads.  Capital,  Schenectady.  Pop. 
in  1870,  21,347;  in  1880,  23,538;  in  1890,  29,797. 

Schenectady,  a  city  of  the  state  of  New  York,  the 
county  seat  of  Schenectady  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mohawk 
River  and  on  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Delaware  &,  Hudson  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Albany,  and  78  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Utioa.  Schenectady 
is  chiefly  celebrated  as  the  seat  of  Union  University,  which 
was  founded  in  1795  under  the  name  of  Union  College,  and 
which  embraces  in  its  administration,  besides  Union  College 
proper  in  this  city,  the  Albany  Medical  School,  the  Albany 
Law  School,  the  Albany  College  of  Pharmacy,  and  the 
Dudley  Observatory  (all  located  in  the  city  of  Albany),  the 
combined  Faculties  of  the  several  schools  numbering  about 
50  professors  and  instructors  and  the  students  aggregating 
about  500,  of  which  nearly  one-half  are  members  of  the 
college  at  Schenectady.  There  is  a  school  of  civil  engineer- 
ing and  analytical  chemistry  connected  with  the  collc^ge. 
Schenectady  contains  14  chnrches,  a  city  hall,  2  high 
schools,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  large  manufac- 
tories of  machinery,  engines,  and  boilers,  several  woollen- 
mills,  2  flour-mills,  manufactories  of  looomotives,  shawls, 
threshing-machines,  stoves,  and  brooms,  and  printing-ofQces 
which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  The  Schen- 
ectady Locomotive  Works  is  said  to  be  the  second  largest 
of  its  kind  in  the  country ;  here  also  is  the  headquarters 
of  the  Edison  General  Electric  Company.  Schenectady 
was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1798.  Pop.  in  1860,  9579 ;  in 
1870,  11,026;  in  1880,  13,666;  in  1890,  19,902. 

Schenevns,  sken'e-Tils,  a  post-village  in  Maryland 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  67  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of 
Albany,  and  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
contains  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  665. 

Schenk-Lengsfeld,  Germany.    See  Lenosfbli). 

Schenley  (shen'le)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Arms- 
strong  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Alleghany  township,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Schennis,  shdn'nis,  or  Schftnis,  shi'nis,  a  village  oi 
Switzerland,  canton  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Bt.  Gall,  on  the 
Linth.     Pop.  1893. 

Scheppenstedt,  Germany.     See  Schopprnstbui. 

Scherau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Wscherau. 

Schererville,  sha'r^r-vll  or  she'r^r-vll,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A,  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church.     The  inhabitants  are  Germans. 

Scherpenheuvel,  the  Flemish  for  Montaicu. 

Scherweiler,  shdR'^i-l^r,  or  Scherviller,  thkit,^- 
veeriaiR',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Schlettstadt.     Pop.  2628. 

Scheskejew,or  Scheschkejew.    iSee  Sheshkiyev. 

Schesslitz,  or  Schttsslitz,  shfes'lits,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Upper  Franconia,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bambersr. 

Scheveningen,  sK&'v^n-ing^H^n,  or   Scheviugeot 


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BK8v'ing-9n,  a  watering-place  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  North  Sea,  2  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  the 
Hague.     It  has  large  fisheries.     Pop.  7713. 

Schialkowitz,  she-&rko-^its\  or  Sialkowice^  se- 
il-ko-<^eet'si,  Alt,  lit,  and  Neit,  noi,  two  nearly  contig- 
uous villages  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government  of  Oppeln. 
Pop.  2284. 

SchiaTi)  ske-i'vee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
4  miles  S.S.E,  of  Sora.    Pop.  1740. 

Schiavi)  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  24  miles 
S.S.W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  of  commune,  3861. 

Schibin,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Sheybeen. 

SchiC)  sKee,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  flows  into  the 
Meuse  below  Schiedam. 

Schiedam,  sKee-d4m'  {i.e.,  the  "dam  of  the  Schie"), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on  the  Schie, 
an  affluent  of  the  Meuse,  5  miles  W.  of  Rotterdam  by  rail- 
way. Lat.  51°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  24'  E.  The  town  is  regu- 
larly built,  and  has  broad  streets,  many  good  houses,  and 
numerous  canals,  one  of  which  unites  the  Schie  with  the 
Meuse  and  presents  on  its  banks  a  pleasant  promenade 
named  the  Plantaadje.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  but  of  its 
four  gates  only  the  remains  of  one  now  exist;  and  along 
the  site  of  the  walls  stand  elegant  corn-  and  malt-mills. 
The  chief  edifices  and  institutions  are  the  town  hall,  the 
exchange  (the  finest  building  in  the  town),  the  Doelen,  or 
gathering-place,  the  Musis  Sacrum,  an  elegant  concert  hall, 
the  churches,  Latin,  drawing,  commercial,  and  other  schools, 
a  public  library,  a  physical  and  a  musical  society,  numerous 
hospitals  for  the  sick,  for  orphans,  and  for  aged  men  and 
women,  and  other  benevolent  institutions.  The  manufac- 
tures of  Schiedam  include  copper  and  iron  castings,  white 
lead  and  litharge,  linen- weaving  and  flax-spinning ;  it  has 
also  vinegar-works,  breweries,  rope-walks,  and  building- 
yards  ;  but  it  is  most  noted  for  its  production  of  gin  and 
other  liquors.  There  are  220  distilleries  in  the  town  and  its 
vicinity.  Large  numbers  of  swine  are  fattened  on  the  re- 
fuse of  the  distilleries.  Besides  the  trade  in  gin,  Schiedam 
has  a  considerable  commerce  in  grain  and  coals.   P.  24,844. 

Schiedam  (ske-d&m')  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Sea  of  Flores,  90  miles  N.  of  Flores. 

Schierling,  sheeR'ling,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  an  island 
formed  by  the  Gross  Labor,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Ratisbon. 
Near  it,  on  April  20,  1809,  the  Austrians  were  defeated  by 
the  French.     Pop.  1659. 

Schiermonnik-Oog,  8KeeR'mon-nik-og\  an  island 
in  the  North  Sea,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  10  miles  E.  of  Ameland.  Length,  8  miles  j  breadth, 
2  miles.     Pop.  1080,  engaged  in  fishing. 

Schiers,  sheens,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Grisons,  on 
the  Landquart,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1737. 

Schierstein,  sheeR'stlne,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop. 
2138.     It  has  manufactures  of  wine. 

Schievelbein,  or  Schiefelbein,  shee'f^l-bine^  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Coslin,  on 
the  Rega.     Pop.  5638. 

Schifferstadt,  shif'f^r-st&tt^  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Speyer.  Pop.  4027.  The  Aus- 
trians were  defeated  here  by  the  French  in  1794. 

Schihal'lion,  or  Schehal'lion,a  mountain  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Perth,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Loch  Rannoch.  Ele- 
vation, 3564  feet. 

Schilda,  shil'dS,,  or  Schildan,  shil'dow,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg.     P.  1489. 

Schildberg,  shilt'b£R6,  Schimberg,  shim'b^RG,  or 
Ssimperk,  sim'p^Rk,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1780. 

Schildberg  (Polish,  Ostreeaeow,  ost-zhi'shov),  a  town 
of  Prussian  Poland,  83  miles  S.E.  of  Posen.  Pop.  2875. 
It  has  tanneries. 

Schildesche,  shil'dSsh-^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Aa.  P.  3148. 

Schildkroteninseln.    See  Galapagos. 

Schilka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Shilka. 

Schiller,  shil'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis., 
about  6  miles  B.  of  Green  Bay. 

Schiller  Park,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown 
A  New  York  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  West  Philadelphia. 

Schilling  (shil'ling)  Lake,  in  East  Prussia,  4  miles 
E.  of  Osterode,  8  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  width. 

Schiltach,  shil't&K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Einzig, 
here  joined  by  the  Schiltach,  13  milee  S.S.W.  of  Freuden- 
Btadt.     Pop.  1453. 

Schiltigheim,  shil'tis-hime\  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Alsace,  1  mile  N.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  5653. 

9chimberg,  Austria.    See  Schildberg. 


Schintznach,  or  Schinznach,  shints'niK,  a  village 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Brugg.  The  Schintznach  or  Hapsburg  baths  are  the 
most  frequented  in  Switzerland.  The  waters  are  saline, 
and  have  a  temperature  of  60°  Fahr.     Pop.  1167. 

Schinusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Seino. 

Schio,  skee'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Vi- 
cenza.  Pop.  5597.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  and 
near  it  are  lead-  and  iron-mines. 

Schippenbeil,  ship'p^n-bile^  a  town  of  East  Prussia^, 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3155. 

Schiras,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Sheeraz. 

Schirgiswalde,  sheeR'ghis-Mrd^h,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 6  miles  S.  of  Bautzen,  on  the  Spree.     Pop.  2569. 

Schirwan,  or  Schirvau,  Russia.    See  Shirtan. 

Schirwind,  or  Schirwindt,  shSSR'Mnt,  a  river  of 
Prussia,  rises  in  Poland,  and,  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  Russian  and  Prussian  territories,  after  a  course 
of  about  50  miles,  joins  the  Szeszuppe. 

Schirwind,  or  Schirwindt,  a  town  of  East  Prussia* 

19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1298. 
Schistab,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Sistova. 
Schitomir,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Zhitoheeb. 
Schiurschewo,  Roumania.     See  Giurgevo. 
Schizdra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Zbizdra. 
Schkeuditz,  shkoi'dits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 

on  the  Elster,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Halle,  on  the  Magdeburg 
Railway.     Pop.  4208. 

Schkdlen,  shko'l^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  23 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2042. 

Schlackenwerth,  shl&k'k^n-i^iRt^  or  Ostrov,  os'- 
trov,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Elbogen. 

Schladen,  shl&'d^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  Oker,  and  on  the 
Brunswick  Railway.     Pop.  2016. 

Schlaggenwald,  Schlackenwald,  shl&k'k^n- 
Mlt',  or  Slawkow,  sliv'kov,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  4213. 

Schlan,  shl&n,  or  Slany,  sli'nee,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 

20  miles  N.W.  of  Prague.  It  has  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware, woollen  cloth,  cotton  goods,  &o.     Pop.  7422. 

Schlangenbad,  shl&ng'^n-b&t\  a  spa  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  It  has  warm 
saline  baths,  with  good  accommodations  for  visitors. 

Schlanstadt,  shl&n'st&tt,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop,  2131. 

Schlapanitz,  shl&'pl-nits',  or  Lopenitz,  lo'p$h- 
nits*,  a  town  of  Moravia,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Briinn. 

Schlatterville,  shlat't^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce 
00.,  Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad,  50  miles  W. 
of  Brunswick.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  pine 
lumber  and  naval  stores. 

Schlawe,  shl&'^^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coslin,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  5141. 

Schleb,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Zleb. 

Schlegel,  shl&'gh^l,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  47 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  3803. 

Schlei,  or  Schleswiger  Fiord.    See  Sley,  The. 

Schleisingerville,  shli'sing-^r-vil,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  co.,  Wis.,  in  Polk  township,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milwau- 
kee. It  has  3  churches,  several  stores,  a  brewery,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  380. 

Schleithal,  shli'til  (Fr.  pron.  shli'til'),  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Lower  Alsace.     Pop.  1846. 

Schleitheim,  shlit'hime,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Schaflfhausen,  near  the  foot  of 
the  Randen.     Pop.  2334. 

Schleitz,  or  Schieiz,  shlits,  a  town  of  Germany,  cap 
ital  of  Reuss-Schleitz,  on  the  Wiesenthal,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Gera.  Pop.  4803.  Principal  edifices,  the  palace,  a  college, 
and  a  normal  school.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and< 
cotton  fabrics,  leather,  and  beer.  Near  it  are  Luisenthal 
and  Heinrichsruhe,  summer  residences  of  the  prince. 

Schlesien,  a  province  of  Prussia.     See  Silesia. 

Schleswig,  Prussia.     See  Sleswick. 

Schles'wig,  township,  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  1958. 

Schlettau,  shlSt'tow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Grunhain.     Pop.  2372. 

Schlettstadt,  shlSt'stit  {Ft.  SchSlegtadt,  shi^lfis'tid'), 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Alsace,  26  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Strasburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  linens,  chem- 
icals, oil,  beer,  spirits,  leather,  gloves,  <fcc.     Pop.  9088. 

Schleusingen,  shloi'sing-^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Schleuse. 
Pop.  3374.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  wooUeng 
hosiery,  white  lead,  and  paper. 


sen 


2413 


SCH 


SchleTf  •hll,  a  county  in  the  W-S-W.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  163  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Muckalee  Creek  and  other  affluents  of  Flint  River.  The 
Burfaoe  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
vith  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Ellaville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5129;  in  1880,  5302;  in  1890,  5443. 

Schlichter,  shlish't^r,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
32  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Schlieben,  shlee'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  1882. 

Schliengen,  shleen'gh^n,  or  Schling'eu,  a  market- 
town  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  MUlheim.  Pop.  1242. 
In  1796  the  French  were  defeated  here  by  Archduke  Charles. 

Schlierbach,  shleen'b&K,  or  Mariensaal,  m&-ree'- 
gn-s&r  (L.  Au'la  Bea'tse  Vir'ginia),  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
the  valley  of  Krems,  on  the  Danube,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Steyer,  with  a  Cistercian  monastery  founded  in  1371  as  a 
nunnery  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  914. 

Schlierbach,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  6  miles  "W.S.W. 
of  Goppingen.     Pop.  1410. 

Schlitz,  shlits,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province 
of  Ober-Hessen,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2423. 

Schlochan,  shlo'Kfiw,  or  Schlochow,  shlo'Kov,  a 
town  of  West  Prussia,  65  miles  W.  of  Marienwerder.  Pop. 
3083.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloth. 

Schloppe,  shlop'p^h,  or  Sczloppa*  shlop'pi,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Deutsch-Krone.     Pop.  1895. 

Schlossberg,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Deva. 

Schloss  Vippach,  shloss  vip'piK,  a  town  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Vippach. 

Schlosswyl,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Weil. 

Schlotheim,  shlot'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Notter,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Sondershausen.     Pop.  1937. 

Schlttchtern,  shlliK't^m,  a  town  of  Prussia,  31  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hanau.     Pop.  2274. 

Schlnckenan,  shlSSk'k^h-nSw^  Schlottenau, 
ihlot't^h-nSw*,  or  Slukenow,  sloo'k§h-nSw\  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  4349. 

Schluersbnrg,slu'9rs-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles 
eo.,  Mo.,  about  38  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Schliisselburg)  shliis's§l-b55RG\  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  21  miles  E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  an  island 
in  the  Neva,  where  it  emerges  from  Lake  Ladoga.  Pop. 
7892.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  but  has  a  strong  castle, 
a  palace,  and  an  important  trade. 

Schliisselburg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser,     Pop.  1174. 

Schmadribach,  shmi'dre-biK\  a  waterfall  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Bern,  in  the  Oberland,  7  miles  S.  of 
Lauterbrunnen. 

Schmalkalden,  shm&I'k&rd^n,  also  written  in  English 
Smalcald,  smSl'kawld,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  a  detached 
district  of  the  same  name,  belonging  to  Hesse- Nassau,  but 
between  Saxe-Gotha  and  Saxe-Meiningen,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Schmalkalde  and  the  Stille,  11  miles  N.  of  Meiningen. 
It  is  enclosed  by  double  walls,  and  has  2  castles,  churches,  a 
gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  white  lead,  and 
paper.  In  the  vicinity  are  iron-  and  steel-forges  and  salt- 
works.    Pop.  6185. 

Schmalkalden,  Klein,  kiln  (t.e.,  "  Little"),  a  village 
of  Prussia,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  1217. 

Schmallenberg,  shm^l'I^n-b^Re',  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1244. 

Schmelz,  shmSlts,  a  southern  suburb  of  Memel,  Prussia. 
Pop.  4371. 

Schmiedeberg,  shmee'd^h-biRO^  a  village  of  Bohe- 
mia, 23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saatz.     Pop.  3803. 

Schmiedeberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  3111. 

Schmiedeberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.  Pop.  3963.  It  has  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics, 
[ribbons,  cutlery,  and  tobacco. 

Schmiedefeld,  shmee'dQh-f£lt\  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erfurt,  in  the  Thuringian 
Forest.     Pop.  1678. 

Schmiegel,  shmee'gh^I,  written  also  Szmigel  and 
Szmygiel,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen. 
Pop.  3248.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloth. 

Schmieheim,  shmee'hime,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Upper  Rhine,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ettenheim.     Pop.  1167. 

Schmielung,  a  lake  of  Prussia.     See  Schwielocb. 

Schmolln,  shmoln,  or  Schmolla,  shmol'ljl,  a  town  of 
,  Germany,  in  Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Sprotta,  7  miles  S.W. 


of  Altenburg.    Pop.  5172.   It  has  manufactures  of  leather, 
woollen  cloth,  <fec. 

SchmdlnitZyshmoI'nits  {"Ryxn. Szomolnok,  so^mornok'), 
a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leut- 
schau.  Pop.  2633.  In  its  vicinity  are  mines  of  gold,  sil- 
ver, copper,  iron,  and  sulphur. 

Schmottseifen,  shmott'si'f^n,  or  Schmuckseifen, 
shmodk'siY^n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.W 
of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2320. 

Schnait,  shnit,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  10  miles  B. 
of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1644. 

Schnaitheim,  shnlt'hime,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Brenz.     Pop.  2585. 

Schuaittach,  shnit't^K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle 
Franconia,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1732. 

Schuecksville)  shnSks'vU,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a  mine 
of  iron  ore,  a  carriage-shop,  &a. 

Schneeberg,  shni'biEG  ("snow  mountain"),  a  moan- 
tain  in  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  between  Prussian  Silesia  and 
Bohemia,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glatz. 

Schneeberg,  a  mountain  of  Lower  Austria,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Vienna. 

Schneeberg,  a  mountain  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Fichtel- 
Berg,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth. 

Schneeberg,  shni'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  8074.  It  has 
manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  lace,  cotton  fabrics,  and 
chemical  apparatus,  and  near  it  are  mines  of  silver,  cobalt, 
iron,  Ac,  in  which  many  of  its  population  are  engaged. 

Schneekoppe,  shni'kop'p^h  ("  snow-top"),  or  Rie- 
senkoppe^  ree's^n-kop'p^h  ("  giant-top"),  a  mountain 
belonging  to  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  on  the  frontiers  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  12  miles  S.  of  Hirschberg.  It  is  the  culmi- 
nating point  of  the  chain,  and  the  highest  peak  of  th* 
region,  having  a  height  of  5394  feet. 

Schneidemiihl,  shnl'd^h-miir,  a  town  of  Prussia,  54 
miles  W.  of  Bromberg,  on  the  Kiiddow.  Pop.  9724.  It  has 
a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  lace,  hosiery, 
and  leather. 

Schneidlingen,  shnlt'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  government  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1640. 

Schnellewalde,  shuSll'^ilM^h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2479. 

Schuell'ville,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

SchneY)  shni,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Upper 
Franconia,  near  the  Main.     Pop.  1208. 

Schnierlachf  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Poutrote. 

Schoa,  a  state  of  Abyssinia.     See  Shoa. 

Schochoh,  shok'o,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Schock's  3IillS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  6  miles  above  Columbia.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Schodack,  sko-dak',  a  township  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.     Pop.  in  1890,  4388. 

Schodack  Centre^  a  post-hamlet  in  Schodack  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Schodack  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schodack  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 

Schodack  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Schodack  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
distillery,  2  wagon-shops,  <fcc. 

Schoenbach.  See  Schonbacb  ;  and  so  for  all  other 
German  names  with  the  prefix  Scboen. 

Schoenbrunn,  Austria.    See  Scbonbruhm. 

Schoeneck,shin'dk  or  sha'nik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  IS  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  coach-shop,  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Schofiner's  (shSfn^rz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brookville.  It  haa 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Schofield's  (sko'fceldz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wes- 
ton township,  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad,  at  Weston  Station,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wausau. 
It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Schoharie,  sko-h&r'ree,  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of 
New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  647  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Schoharie  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Charlotte  River  and  Catskill  and  Cobleskill  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  a  range 
of  highlands,  called  the  Helderbergs.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash, 
sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy -farming. 
Butter,    hay,  oats,   buckwheat,  cattle,  and    hops    are  the 


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2414 


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staple  products.  Helderberg  limestone  and  sandstone 
(Devonian)  crop  out  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  in 
the  northwestern  part  by  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal 
Railroad  and  one  of  its  branches,  and  includes  the  Middle- 
burg  &  Schoharie  Railroad.  Capital,  Schoharie,  situated 
on  Schoharie  Creek.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,340 ;  in  1876,  32,491  ; 
in  1880,  32,910 ;  in  1890,  29,164. 

Schoharie^  a  post-yillage,  capital  of  Schoharie  oc, 
N.Y.,  in  Schoharie  township,  is  in  a  deep  valley,  on  Scho- 
harie Creek,  30  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and  3  or  4  miles  S.  of 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  is  on  the  Middle- 
burg  &  Schoharie  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  road 
above  named.  It  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  na- 
tional bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  1200 ;  of  the  township,  3219. 

Schoharie  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  the  Catskill 
Mountains,  in  Greene  co.,  runs  northward  through  Scho- 
harie and  Montgomery  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Fonda.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Schokland,  sKok'l&nt,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Yssel.     Length,  4  miles.     Pop.  640. 

Scholi's  (shSllz)  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  Tualitin  River. 

Schoiiville,  shdl'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  oo.,  Ey.,  near 
Hedges  Station. 

Schomberg,  shom'biRO,  or  Schonberg,  shon'bdBO, 
a  town  of  Moravia,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     P.  7285. 

Schomberg,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  Schonberg. 

Schomberg,  sh6m'b§rg  (formerly  Brownsville),  a 
post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles  W.  of  Aurora. 
It  has  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  floor-mills,  woollen- 
mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Schon,  or  Schoen,  a  German  word  signifying  '^  hand- 
some" or  "beautiful,"  forming  the  prefix  of  numerous 
names  in  Central  Europe. 

Schdnaich,  sho'niK,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  4  miles 
B.E.  of  Boblingen.     Pop.  1924. 

Sch5nan,  sho'nSw,  a  town  of  Baden,  5  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2004. 

Schonau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.     Pop.  2284. 

Schonau,  or  Gross  Schonau,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  of  commune,  5877. 

Schonbach,  shbn'b^K,  or  Mittel-Schbnbach,  a 
Tillage  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  W.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  26401 

Schonberg,  shon'bfiRG,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Stre- 
litz,  on  the  Maurin,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  2899. 

Schonberg,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Schomberg. 

Schonberg,  or  Schomberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Roth-Wasser. 
Pop.  2156. 

Schonberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  1534. 

Schonberg,  shon'b^rg,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co., 
Iowa,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Indianola. 

Schonborn,  shon'born,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
contiguous  villages  of  Bohemia,  3  miles  from  Rumburg,  on 
the  Sterkelberg.     Pop.  2430. 

Schdnbrunn,orSchoenbrunn,shdn'br5dnorshon'- 
broonn  ("beautiful  fountain'"),  an  imperial  palace  in  Aus- 
tria, li  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna,  and  having  attached  to  it  a 
menagerie  and  the  finest  botanic  garden  in  Austria,  also 
artificial  fountains,  &o.  It  is  the  usual  summer  residence 
of  the  imperial  family.     Adjacent  to  it  is  a  village. 

Schonbrunn,  shon'brSdn,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about 
4  miles  from  Policzka.     Pop.  2077. 

Schonburg,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Schumburg. 

Schonebeck,  sho'n^h-bik^  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  railway  on  the  Elbe.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather, 
ehemicals,  salt,  paper,  soap,  &c.     Pop.  10,966. 

Schoneberg,  a  S.W.  suburb  of  Berlin,  Prussia.  P.  7467. 

Schoneberg,  sho'n^h-bSao^  a  village  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Dantzic,  near  the  Vistula.     Pop.  1477. 

Schoneck,  sho'nSk,  or  Skarzewo,  skaR-zd,'^o,  a 
town  of  West  Prussia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dantzic.    P.  2691. 

Schoneck,  a  town  of  Saxony,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Plauen. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  3139. 

SchOnecken,  sho'ndk^k^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
29  miles  N.N.W.  of  Treves.     Pop.  1230. 

Schonefeld,  sho'neh-ffilt\  or  Schonfeld,  shon'fSlt,  a 
village  of  Saxony,  near  Leipsic.      Pop.  of  commune,  7220. 

Schonenberg,  sho'n^n-bflRO',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1407. 

Schonewalde,  shb'n^h-Mrdeh,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  9  miles  E.N.^.  of  Schweidnitz.     Pop.  1191. 


SchOnflies,  shbn'fiees,  or  Schonfliess,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Rorike,  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Soldin.     Pop.  2995. 

Schongau,  shon'gSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech, 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1801. 

Schonhausen,  shon'h6w*z§n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1682. 

Schonhausen,  Hohen,  ho'^n,  and  Nieder,  nee'd^r, 
two  adjacent  villages  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  4  milea 
N.  of  Berlin.  United  pop.  2176.  Here  is  a  summer  resi- 
dence of  the  King  of  Prussia. 

Schonheide,  shon'hi-d^h,  a  village  of  Saxony,  12 
miles  W.  of  Schwarzenberg.  Pop.  6072,  who  manufacture 
iron-  and  tin-wares. 

Schonheide,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  govern- 
ment of  Breslau.     Pop.  1335. 

Schonhof,  shon'hof,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Teschen.     Pop.  1196. 

Schoningen,  sho'ning-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Brunswick.  Pop.  6116.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  brandy,  salt,  and  vitriol. 

SchOnlauke,  shon'I&nk^^h,  or  Trzianka,  tze-&n'k&, 
written  also  Trzcianka,  a  town  of  Prussia,  66  miles 
S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  4089. 

Schonlinde,  shon'lin-dQh,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.  Pop.  5262,  who  manufacture 
linen,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  yarn. 

SchOnsee,  shSn'si^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Bohe- 
mian frontier,  14  miles  N.E.  pf  Neuburg.     Pop.  1392. 

Schonwald,  shon'Mit,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  17  mJles 
N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1845. 

Schdnwalde,  shon'^ird^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment and  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2172. 

Schoodic  (skoo'dik)  Lakes,  of  Maine,  a  chain  of 
lakes  lying  chiefly  in  Washington  co.,  and  forming  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Maine  and  New  Brunswick.  They 
have  their  outlet  in  the  St.  Croix.    See  also  Grand  Lake. 

School,  skool,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  111.,  at  Centre- 
ville,  8  miles  N.  of  Carmi. 

Schoolcraft,  skool'kraft,  a  large  county  of  Michigan, 
is  the  central  part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  S.  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan, and  is  drained  by  the  Manistee,  White  Fish,  and 
other  rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  not  cultivated  to  much  extent.  Pig-iron  and  lumber 
are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Limestone  underlies  a 
large  part  of  the  soil.  On  the  northern  border  of  this 
county  is  a  remarkable  sandstone  bluff,  called  the  "  Pic- 
tured Rocks,"  which  forms  part  of  the  shore  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior. It  is  nearly  300  feet  in  perpendicular  height.  This 
county  has  an  area  of  about  1216  square  miles.  Capital, 
Manistique.     Pop.  in  1880,  1675 ;  in  1890,  5818. 

Schoolcraft,  a  post-village  in  Schoolcraft  township, 
Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  29 
miles  S.A7.  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a 
union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  grain-elevator.  Pop.  932 ;  of 
township,  2017. 

School  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  oo.,  Tex. 

Schooley's  (skool'iz)  Mountain,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  in  Washington  township,  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Morristown,  and  60  miles  W.  of  New 
York.  It  is  4  miles  from  Hackettstown  Station.  Here  is 
a  mountain  nearly  1200  feet  high,  also  a  chalybeate  me- 
dicinal spring  containing  carbonated  oxide  of  iron,  with 
several  salts  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia.  The  village  has 
2  large  hotels,  3  boarding-houses,  a  church,  and  a  seminary. 

Schooley's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chilli 
oothe. 

School  House  Run,  in  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  on 
the  Ohio,  2  miles  below  Ripley  Landing.  It  has  a  consid- 
erable lumber-trade. 

School  House  Station,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S. 
of  San  Francisco. 

Schoon'er,  a  post-office  of  Brown  oo.,  Ind. 

Schooner  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  40  miles  below  New  Albany. 

Schoonhoven,  SK5n'hoV§n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  Leek,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Vlist,  16  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2827. 

Schoorisse,  sk5'ris^s§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  21  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3000 


SCH 


2415 


SCH 


Schooten,  sKo't^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
4  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2294. 

Schooya,  or  Scniya)  shoo'yl,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  70  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the 
Teza.     Pop.  10,444. 

Schopnieini)  shopfbime,  a  town  of  Baden,  25  miles 
S.  of  Freiburg,  Pop.  2492.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  manufactures  of  paper,  chains,  wire,  leather,  and 
tobacco. 

Schopfloch,  shopfloK,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Middle  Franeonia.     Pop.  1616. 

Schoppeustedt)  or  Scheppenstedt,  shop'p^n- 
fit4tt\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Brunswick,  on  the  railway  to 
Magdeburg,  10  miles  E.  of  Wolfenbiittel.  Pop.  2833.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

SchoppingeU)  shop'ping-^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Miinster.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2207. 

Schomdorf,  shoRn'doRf,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Rems,  16  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3875.  It  has  a 
royal  castle,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  carpets. 

Scliosslitz,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Schesslitz. 

Schotland,  Schottland,  Schotte,  Schottisch) 
or  Schotsch.    See  Scotland. 

Schotten,  shot't^n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-Hessen, 
on  the  Nidda,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2012. 

Schouster^  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Shooster. 

Schouten  (shoo't^n)  Island,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Tas- 
mania, S.  of  Freycinet's  Peninsula.  Lat.  42°  21'  S. ;  Ion. 
148°  18'  E. 

Schoateua  shoo't^n,  Illyso're,  or  Mysory,  ml-so'- 
ree,  also  called  William  Schouten's  Island,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  ofif  the  Bay  of  Geelvink,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Papua,  about  lat.  1°  S.,  Ion.  136°  E.  Though 
represented  in  some  maps  as  one  island,  there  are  in  reality 
two,  or  perhaps  three,  islands, — Sowok  or  Sook,  the  western, 
Mysore,  the  northern,  and  Biak,  the  eastern. 

Schouwen,  skSw'^n  or  skSw'^^n,  often  called  Land- 
vanzierikzee,Iint-r&n-zee'rik-zi'  {i.e.,  "  Land  of  Zierik 
Zee"),  the  northernmost  island  of  the  province  of  Zealand, 
in  the  Netherlands,  between  the  East  Scheldt  and  the  S. 
arm  of  the  Mouse.  Length,  15  miles ;  average  breadth,  5 
miles.  It  is  protected  on  both  sides  by  dikes.  It  contains 
the  towns  of  Zierikzee  on  its  S.  and  Brouwershaven  on  its 
N.W.  coast. 

Schraalenbnrg,  skrawl'^n-burg  or  shral'^n-b^rg,  a 

Eost-village  of  Bergen  oo.,  N. J.,  on  the  Jersey  City  <fc  Al- 
any  Railroad,  at  Bergen  Fields  Station,  18  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.     Here  are  2  churches. 

Schramberg,  shrim'bfiRG,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rottweil.     Pop.  2462. 

Schraplau,  shri'plSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1501. 

Schratteuberg,  shrlt't§n-b4RG\  a  village  of  Lower 
Austria,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1493. 

Schreader,  shree't§r,  a  post-office  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hays 
City. 

Schreckhorn,  shrfik'hom  ("  peak  of  terror"),  one  of 
the  loftiest  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  in  the  Bernese  Oberland, 
between  the  Finster-Aarhorn  and  the  Wetterhorn.  Lat.  46° 
35'  26"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  21'  E.     Height,  13,492  feet. 

Schreibendorf,  shri'b^n-doRT  (Moravian,  Piaarzow, 
pe-zaR'zov),  a  village  of  Moravia,  7  miles  from  Eisenberg. 

Schreibershau,  shri'bQrs-h5w\  written  also  Schrei> 
berschau,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  36  miles  S.AY.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Zacken.     Pop.  of  commune,  3764. 

Schriesheim,  shrees'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  5  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2748. 

Schrimm,  shrimm  (Polish,  Szrem,  shrfim),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen,  on  an  island  formed  by 
the  Warta.     Pop.  5929.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 

Schrobenhaasen,  shro'b^n-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Upper 

Bavaria,  on  the  Paar,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ingolstadt.     Pop. 

2591.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  oil,  paper,  wool,  &o. 

•     Schroda,  or  Szroda,  shro'di,  a  town  of  Prussia,  20 

'miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3839. 

Schroeppel,  skroo'p^l,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  3987. 

Schroon,  skroon,  or  Schroon  Lake,  a  poet-village 

4n  Schroon  township,  Essex  co.,  N.T.,  about  30  miles  N.W. 

«f  Whitehall.     It  is  at  the  head  and  N.  end  of  Schroon 

Lake,  and  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery.    Here  are 

several  summer  boarding-houses  and  hotels.    The  name  of 

[the  post-office  is  Schroon  Lake.    The  township  contains 

I  'Several  peaks  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains.     Pop.  of  the 

'village,  300;  of  the  township,  1514. 


Schroon  Lake,  New  York,  an  expansion  of  Schroon 
River,  extends  across  the  boundary  between  Essex  and 
Warren  cos.,  and  is  about  15  miles  W.  of  Lake  George. 
It  is  9  or  10  miles  long  and  1^  miles  wide,  and  is  navigated 
by  steamboats. 

Schroon  Mountain,  New  Tork,  is  in  Essex  co.,  near 
Schroon  Lake.  It  has  an  altitude  of  about  3200  feet  above 
the  tide. 

Schroon  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Essex  co.,  near 
Dix's  Peak,  runs  southward,  expands  into  Schroon  Lake, 
and  issues  from  its  southern  end.  It  traverses  the  N.  part 
of  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  about  7  milea 
N.W.  of  Caldwell. 

Schroon  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Port 
Henry. 

Schtschigry,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shtshigrt. 

Schubin,  or  Szubin,  shoo'bin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  3536. 

Schi^ja,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Schoota. 

Schukotskoi,  Asia.    See  East  Cape. 

Schulenburg,  shoo'I^n-bilrg,  a  post-village  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banks,  about  40  business  houses,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture,  sash,  blinds,  &o.  A  large  quantity 
of  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  900. 

Schulpforte,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Pforte, 

Schultz,  sh55Its,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  848. 

Schultzville,  shddlts'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Schultzville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  oo.,  Pa., 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  chapel  and  a  large 
tannery.     Pop.  about  150. 

Schumburg,  shoom'bfiSRO,  or  Schdnburg,  shSn'- 
bdoRG,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  17  miles  from  Reichen- 
berg.     Pop.  1947. 

Schiimeg,  or  Stimeg,  Hungary.     See  SttHSGH. 

Schumla,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Shooula. 

Schuschi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shoosha. 

Schussen,  shSds's^n,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in 
Wiirtemberg,  and  flows  S.  into  Lake  Constance.  Length, 
40  miles. 

Schuster,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Shooster. 

Schhtt,  shiitt.  Great  (Hun.  Caallokoz,  ch&rio^kos'),  an 
island  formed  by  arms  of  the  Danube,  in  Hungary,  N.E. 
of  the  main  stream,  extending  from  Presburg  to  Comorn. 
Length,  53  miles;  breadth,  16  miles. 

Schiitt,  LiTTiiE,  an  island  formed  by  arms  of  the  Danube, 
extends  from  below  Presburg  to  Raab.  Length,  28  miles ; 
breadth,  7  miles.  Surface  marshy,  but  abounding  with 
villages  and  cultivated  tracts. 

Schuttenhofen,  shoot'^n-hoT^n  (Bohemian,  Sussiczef 
soo8-seet's&),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Wotawa,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  5150. 

Schutterwald,  shSSt't^r-^&lt^  a  village  of  Baden,  55 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2088. 

Schiittorf,  shiit'torf,  or  Schiittdorf,  shiit'doRf,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bentheim,  on 
theVechte.   Pop.  1692. 

Schutz  (shootz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  DI., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  30. 

Schuyler,  ski'l^r,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  intersected  by  La 
Moin  River  (Crooked  Creek),  which  enters  the  Illinois  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  oak,  hick- 
ory, sugar-maple,  ash,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  one  of  which  termi- 
nates at  Rushville,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,419;  in  1880,  16,249;  in  1890,  16,013. 

Schuyler,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  336  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chariton  River,  and  is  drained 
by  the  Middle  and  North  Fabius  Rivers  and  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
IS  intersected  by  the  Wabash  and  Keokuk  &  Western  Rail- 
roads, the  latter  of  which  connects  with  Lancaster,  the  cap- 
ital.   Pop.  in  1870,  8820 ;  in  1880,  10,470;  in  1890,  11,249. 


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Schuyler^  a  county  of  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about 
335  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  southern  part  of  Seneca 
Lake,  and  is  drained  by  Cayuta  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  and  picturesque 
scenery,  especially  at  Watkins  Glen,  which  is  at  the  head 
of  Seneca  Lake.  (See  Watkins.)  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats, 
Indian  corn,  butter,  hay,  cattle,  wool,  and  rye  are  the 
staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  crops  out  in  this 
county,  which  has  also  an  extensive  deposit  of  marl.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Central  Eailroad, 
the  Fall  Brook  Bailroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley Railroad.  Capital,  Watkins.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,989  j  in 
1880,  18,842;  in  1890,  16,711. 

Schuyler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  is 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Shell  Creek,  which  enters  the  Platte  about  1  mile  below. 
It  is  also  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Fre- 
mont, and  16  miles  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  newspaper 
ofBce,  a  high  school,  a  banking-house,  and  4  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1017;  in  1890,  2160. 

Schuyler,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.     P.  1500. 

Schuyler  Island,  a  small  island  near  the  W.  side  of 
Lake  Champlain,  nearly  opposite  Burlington,  and  belonging 
to  Essex  CO.,  N.Y. 

Schuyler  Lake,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Cooperstown,  and  is  nearly  5  miles  long.  Its  out- 
let is  the  Susquehanna  River,  which  rises  here. 

Schuyler's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schuyler's  Falls 
township,  Clinton  co,,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  about  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  50  houses.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Saranac  River,  and 
contains  Morrisonville.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1719. 

Schuyler's  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Exeter  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  outlet  of  Schuyler  Lake,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  hotel. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Schuylersville,8ki'l9rz-vfl,  a  post-village  in  Saratoga 
township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  and  on  the  Champlain  Canal,  about 
12  miles  E.  of  Saratoga  Springs,  and  34  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Albany.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  good  hotel,  a  large  cotton-factory 
(600  hands),  and  manufactures  of  paper,  lumber,  Ac.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  Hudson  River  here.    Pop.  in  1890, 1387. 

Schuylkill,  skool'kll,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part 
of  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  816  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Schuylkill,  Little  Schuylkill,  and  Swatara 
Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Catawissa  and  Mabanoy 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  Ac.  The  Kitta- 
tinny  Mountain  extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  the  county, 
which  is  also  traversed  by  sterile  rocky  ridges  called  Broad, 
Mabanoy,  and  Sharp  Mountains.  Among  its  minerals  are 
coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  The  chief  article  of  export 
Is  anthracite  coal,  the  beds  of  which  are  here  nearly  30  feet 
thick.  This  is  called  the  Southern  or  Schuylkill  Coal  Field. 
The  beds  of  coal  are  interstratified  with  sandstone,  shale, 
and  limestone.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  the  Schuylkill  A  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  by 
which  much  coal  is  exported,  as  also  by  the  canal  of  the 
Schuylkill  Navigation  Company.  Capital,  Pottsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  116,428;  in  1880,  129,974;  in  1890,  154,163. 

Schuylkill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schuylkill  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  1  mile  S.  of  Phoenixville.  It  has 
several  churches  and  grist-mills.  The  township  comprises 
part  of  Valley  Forge,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Schuylkill  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1593. 

Schuylkill,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  P.  621. 

Schuylkill  Haven,  a  post-borough  in  North  Man- 
heim  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River, 
and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Pottsville,  and  31  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Reading.  A  branch 
railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Minersville  and  Glen 
Carbon.  This  borough  contains  8  churches,  repair-shops 
of  the  railroad,  a  rolling-mill,  a  soap-factory,  and  3  boat- 
yards. Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  operations  in  coal, 
which  is  mined  near  this  place.  It  has  large  docks  and 
wharves  for  the  shipment  of  coal  by  canal.     P.  (1890)  3088. 

Schuylkill  River  (the  Manayunk  of  the  aborigines), 
rises  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and  runs  south- 
eastward to  Port  Clinton,  where  it  passes  through  the  Kit- 
tatinny  Mountain.  It  flows  next  nearly  southward  to  Read- 
ing, intersects  Berks  co.,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Chester  and  Montgomery.  It  forms 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  features  of  Fairmount  Park,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  River  at  the  southern  limit  of  Phila- 


delphia, which  is  built  on  both  sides  of  this  river.  The 
other  towns  on  its  banks  are  Pottsville,  Reading,  Phoenix- 
ville, and  Norristown.  It  is  about  130  miles  long.  Nearly 
all  the  water  used  in  Philadelphia  is  derived  from  this 
river,  which  traverses  a  beautiful  and  fertile  country.  The 
trains  of  the  Reading  Railroad  run  along  its  banks  from 
Pottsville  to  Philadelphia.  By  means  of  dams  and  locks, 
canal-boats  can  ascend  this  river  to  the  coal-mines  of 
Schuylkill  co. 

Schwaadorf,  shwi'doRf,  or  Schwandorf,  shwin'- 
doRf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1658. 

Schwaan,  shwin,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
on  the  Warnow,  11  miles  S.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  3430. 

Schwabach,  shwi'b&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  9  mile& 
S.S.W.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  7024.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pins,  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery,  gold  and  silver 
lace,  soap,  paper,  printing-types,  and  tobacco. 

Schwabenitz,  shwl'b^h-nits,  or  Szwabenicze^ 
shw^-b^h-neet'si,  a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Briinn.     Pop.  1340. 

Schwabenland,  the  German  name  of  Swabia. 

Schwabmiinchen,  shw&b'miinK-^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, 20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2726. 

Schw&chat,  or  Schwechat,  shw^K'&t,  a  town  of 
Lower  Austria,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  3678. 

Schwaigern,  shwi'gh§rn,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Brackenheim.     Pop.  1978. 

Schwaigheim,  shwlG'hlme,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Necker,  near  Waiblingen.     Pop.  1362. 

SchAvalbach,  Germany.    See  Langenschwaisach. 

Schwalm,  shwilm,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the 
N.E.  of  Hesse,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Eder  after  a 
course  of  about  60  miles. 

Schwanden,  shw&n'd^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  3  miles  S.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2560. 

Schwandorf,  a  village  of  Austria.  See  Scbwaadouf. 

Schwandorf,  shw&n'doRf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper 
Palatinate,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Amberg.     Pop.  3523. 

Schwanebeck,  shw&'n^h-bdk^  a  town  of  Prussiait 
Saxony,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Limbach. 
Pop.  2635.     It  has  manufactures  of  bricks  and  flour. 

Schwanenstadt,  or  Schwannenstadt,  shw&n'- 
n^n-st&tr,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Agger,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  "Lintz.     Pop.  1526. 

Schwarme,  shwaR'm^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, circle  of  Hoya.     Pop.,  with  Klein-Schwarme,  1880. 

Schwartau,  shwaR'tSw,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Olden- 
burg, 4  miles  N.  of  Lubeck,  on  the  Trave.     Pop.  1656. 

Schwartzbnrg,  shwarts'b&rg,  a  station  in  Milwaukee 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  k  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Schwartz  Elster,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Elster. 

Schwarza,  shwaRt's&,  or  Schwarze,  shwaRt's^h,  a 
river  of  Austria,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Pitten  to  form  the 
Leytha,  6  miles  S.  of  Neustadt. 

Schwarza,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  S.  extrem- 
ity of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Saale  3  miles  S.  of  Rudolstadt. 

Schwarza,  a  river  of  Moravia,  after  a  S.  course  of  80' 
miles,  joins  the  Thaya  10  miles  S.  of  Selowitz.  Its  affluents 
are  the  Iglawa  from  the  W.,  and  the  Zwittau  and  Littawa 
from  the  N.  and  E. 

Schwarza,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  34  miles  S.W. 
of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1240. 

Schwarzach,  shwaRt's&E,  a  village  of  Austria,  duchy 
of  Salzburg,  3  miles  from  Sanct  Johann.  Here  the  Prot- 
estant peasantry  subjected  to  the  sway  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Salza  met  and  bound  themselves  by  oath  never  to  desert 
their  principles.  They  were  ultimately,  in  1731,  to  the 
number  of  30,000,  driven  from  their  homes. 

Schwarzau,  shwarts'Sw,  or  Schwarzach,  shwarts'- 
iK,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Naab  5  miles  S.  of  Nabburg. 

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  shwarts'biirg-roo'dQl 
stat^  or  shwaRts'bS5RG-roo'dol-stitt\  a  principality  of  Ger- 
many, consists  of  several  isolated  portions,  situated  between 
the  territories  of  Prussian  Saxony,  the  Saxon  duchies,  and 
the  principalities  of  Reuss.  Area,  364  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  rugged,  and  the  soil  by  no  means  fertile,  although 
it  is  generally  cultivated  with  the  greatest  care.     A  large 

Eortion  of  the  land  is  devoted  to  pasture,  and  great  num- 
ers  of  cattle  are  reared.  The  minerals  include  lead,  iron, 
and  salt,  which  are  worked  to  a  considerable  extent.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  woollen  stuflFs,  iron-ware,  glass, 
and  porcelain.  The  chief  export,  in  addition  to  the  min- 
erals and  manufactures,  is  wood.    The  inhabitants  are 


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2417 


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almost  all  Protestanta.  The  government  is  a  monarcfay,  in 
which  the  power  of  the  sovereign  is  limited.  For  admin- 
istrative purposes  it  is  divided  into  the  upper  lordship 
of  Rudolstadt  and  the  lower  lordship  of  Frankenhausen, 
and  subdivided  into  10  bailiwicks.  Capital,  Rudolstadt. 
Pop.  in  1885,  83,836  ;  in  1890,  85,863. 

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  shwarts'biirg-  (or 
shwaRts'b55RG-)  son'd^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  principality  of  Ger- 
many, consists  of  several  distinct  portions,  situated  be- 
tween Prussian  Saxony  and  the  Saxon  duchies.  Area,  333 
square  miles.  It  is  more  fertile  than  Sohwarzburg-Rudol- 
stadt.  One  of  the  principal  sources  of  revenue  is  derived 
from  the  forests.  Flax  also  is  extensively  cultivated,  and 
great  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine  are  reared.  The 
minerals  include  iron,  alum  schist,  and  copperas.  The  first 
supplies  several  smelting-furnaces  and  forges,  and  from  the 
two  last  much  alum  and  vitriol  are  made.  After  these,  the 
leading  manufacture  of  importance  is  porcelain.  The  prin- 
cipal exports  are  corn,  wool,  wood,  iron-ware,  iron,  alum, 
vitriol,  lampblack,  rosin,  and  fat  cattle.  For  administra- 
tive purposes  it  is  divided  into  the  upper  lordship  of  Arn- 
stadt  and  the  lower  lordship  of  Sondershausen,  and  sub- 
divided into  7  bailiwicks.  Capital,  Sondershausen.  The 
inhabitants  are  almost  all  Lutherans.     P.  in  1890,  75,510. 

Schwarze,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  Sciiwarza. 

Schwarz  Elster^  Germany.    See  Elstek. 

Schwarzeubach,  shwaRt's^n-b&K^,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Saale,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Hof.  Pop.  3984.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics,  iron,  and  beer. 

Schwarzenbach  -  am  -Walde,  shwaRt's§n-biK^- 
im-^&l'd^h,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Naila.     Pop.  1758. 

Sch  warzenberg,  shwaRt's^n-biRO^  a  town  of  Saxony, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau,  with  a  castle,  iron-foundries,  nail- 
and  wire-factories,  and  iron-mines.     Pop.  3299. 

Schwarzenberg,  Switzerland.    See  Noirmont. 

Schwarzenfeld,  shwaRt's§n-ffilt\  a  village  of  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Naab,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amberg.    Pop.  1059. 

Schwarzkosteletz,  shwaRts-kos't^h-ldts',  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  6  miles  W.  of  Kaurzim.     Pop.  3032. 

Schwarzwald,  Germany.    See  Black  Forest. 

Schwarzwasser, shwaRts'*48^s§r  ("black  water"), a 
river  which  rises  on  the  frontiers  of  Bohemia,  flows  W.N.W., 
and  joins  the  Mulde.     Length,  36  miles. 

Schwarz  wasser,  or  Czarnawodda,  chaR-ni-^od'- 
di,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the  Vistula  on  the  left  at 
Schwetz.     Length,  80  miles. 

Schwarzwasser^a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  13  miles 
X.N.E.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  1733. 

Schwarzwasser,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle 
of  Troppau,  bailiwick  of  Friedberg.     Pop.  1161. 

Schwat)  or  Chouat)  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Shwat. 

Schwatz,  or  Schwaz,  shw&ts,  a  town  of  Tyrol,  on 
ihe  Inn,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Innspruck.  Pop.  4813.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  worsted,  tobacco,  and 
wire.    In  its  vicinity  are  silver-,  copper-,  and  iron-mines. 

Schwechat,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Schwachat. 

Schwedeldorf*  shw&'d^l-donf  \  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nik- 
DER,  nee'd^r,  two  contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Glatz.     United  pop.  1830. 

Schweden,  the  German  name  of  Sweden. 

Schwedt)  shwStt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Odor,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stettin.  Lat.  50°  51'  N.; 
Ion.  16°  27'  E.  Pop.  9592.  It  has  a  royal  palace,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  tobacco,  and  starch. 

SchAVedt,  shwett,  a  post-oflBce  of  Stanton  co..  Neb. 

Schwegenheim,  shw^'gh^n-hime^  a  village  of  Ba- 
varia, near  Germersheim.     Pop.  1463. 

Schweich,  shwiK,  or  Schweig«  shwio,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle. 

SchweidnitZ)  shwid'nita  or  shwit'nits,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  railway 
to  Freiberg,  at  the  foot  of  the  Riesen-Gebirge.  Pop.  22,200. 
It  is  well  built,  and  ornamented  with  spacious  squares.  It 
has  a  castle,  formerly  a  ducal  residence,  but  now  a  work- 
house, a  oollege,  house  of  correction,  large  barracks,  hos- 
pitals, many  distilleries,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  and 
linen  fabrics,  leather,  paper,  chemicals,  <tc.  Schweidnitz 
was  the  residence  of  the  first  Piarists,  was  walled  in  1295, 
and  repeatedly  besieged.  It  was  made  a  regular  fortress 
by  Frederick  II.  in  1747,  and  in  1810,  after  a  siege  of  36 
days,  it  was  taken  and  its  outer  works  dismantled. 

Schweighausen,  shwiG'hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Oer- 
many,  in  Alsace.     Pop.  1488. 

Schweinau,  shwi'ndw,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  2  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1776. 


Schweinfurt,  shwin'ffidRt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  tht 
Main,  and  on  the  railway  from  Bamberg  to  Nuremberg,  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  WUrzburg.  Pop.  11,233.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  founded  by  Gustavua 
Adolphus,  various  other  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  linen,  and  woollen  cloths. 

Schweinitz,  shwi'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
54  miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elster.     Pop.  1326. 

Schwelm,  shwdlm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Elberfeld  A  Dort- 
mund Railway.  Pop.  7163.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  manu- 
factures of  steel  wares,  leather,  hardware,  fabrics  of  cotton, 
linen,  silk,  and  wool,  breweries,  and  bleaohing-groundii. 

Schwenksville,  shwinks'vll,  or  Swank'ville,  a 
village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and 
on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norris- 
town.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  2  carriage-shops, 
and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.  Here  is  Swankville  Post- 
Office.     Pop.  350. 

Schwenningen,  shw6n'ning-§ni  a  town  of  Wlirtem- 
berg,  Black  Forest,  on  the  Neckar,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Tuttlingen.  Pop.  4498,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wooden  clocks. 

Schwerin,  shwi-reen',  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Lake  of 
Sehwerin,  and  on  the  railway  from  Hamburg  to  Wismar, 
35  miles  S.E.  of  Lubeck.  Lat.  53°  36'  N.;  Ion.  11°  30'  E. 
Pop.  27,989.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by  seven  gates, 
and  divided  isto  an  old  town,  a  new  town,  and  a  suburb. 
It  has  a  ducal  palace,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  lake,  a  cathe- 
dral, several  churches  and  asylums,  a  synagogue,  a  mint, 
government  offices,  a  gymnasium,  a  veterinary  school, 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  tobacco,  and  vinegar,  stone- 
works, foundries,  &o.  The  Lake  of  Sehwerin,  14  miles  in 
length,  flows  through  the  Steer  on  the  S.  to  the  Elde,  which 
enters  the  Elbe. 

Sehwerin,  shwi-reen',  or  Skwierzyna^sk^e-i-zhee'- 
n4,  a  town  of  Prussia,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Posen,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Obra  with  the  Warta.  Pop.  6580.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Schwersenz,  shw^R'sSnts,  or  Swerzendz,  sw^Rt'- 
sints,  a  town  of  Prussia,  6  miles  E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  2923. 
Schwerte,  shwSR't^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 22  miles  W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  5104, 
who  manufacture  woollen  cloth  and  linens. 

Schwetz,  shwfits,  or  Swiecia,  s^e-it'se-i,  a  town  of 
West  Prussia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Vis- 
tula. Pop.  5210.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  manufacture* 
of  woollen  cloth,  damasks,  hosiery,  and  earthenware. 

Schwetzingeu,  shwSt'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  Leimbach,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Heidelberg.  Pop.  4277. 
It  has  a  silk-mill,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  Jrn. 

Schwieberdingen,  shwee'b^ir-ding^Qn,  a  village  of 
Wurtemberg,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1481. 

Schwiebus,  shwee'bdds,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 41  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  Schwemme. 
It  has  a  castle,  a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths.     Pop.  8087. 

Schwieloch,  shwee'loK,  or  Schmielang,  shmee'- 
155ng,  a  lake  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Liibben.     Its  N.  part  is  traversed  by  the  Spree. 

SchAvihau,  shwee'h5w,  or  Swihow,  s^ee'hdw,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  6  miles  N.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1328. 

Schwytz,  or  Schwyz,  shwits,  written  also  Schwitz 
and  Schweitz,  one  of  the  four  forest-cantons  of  Switzer 
land,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  confederation,  to  which  it 
gave  name,  bordering  upon  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  which 
separates  it  from  Unterwalden.  Area,  350  square  miles. 
Pop.  51,235,  nearly  all  Roman  Catholics.  The  surface  is 
mountainous.  The  Rostock  rises  to  8081  feet  and  the 
Righi  Culm  to  5905  feet  in  height.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Sihl  and  Muotta.  The  Lake  of  Zurich  forms  a  part 
of  its  N.  and  that  of  Zug  a  portion  of  its  W.  boundary. 
Some  wine  and  fruits  are  raised,  but  cattle-rearing  is  the 
chief  branch  of  industry.  The  manufactures  are  nearly 
confined  to  cotton  twist  and  domestic  fabrics.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Schwytz,  Art,  Kussnacht,  and  Einsiedeln. 
Schwytz,  with  Uri  and  Unterwalden,  formed  in  1307  the 
nucleus  of  the  Swiss  Confederation. 

Schwytz,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above 
canton,  is  situated  in  the  Muotta  Valley,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Mythen  Mountains,  17  miles  E.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  6154. 
The  principal  edifices  are  a  modern  church,  the  council- 
house,  with  a  collection  of  historical  paintings,  the  arsenal, 
containing  national  trophies,  the  record  office,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  convent,  and  a  Dominican  nunnery. 

Schyl,  or  Syll,  sheel  or  shil,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises 


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near  the  S.  frontier  of  Transylvania,  flows  S.  by  B.,  and 
falls  into  the  Danube  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Widin,  opposite 
Rahova.     Total  course,  about  150  miles. 

Sciablese,  Savoy.    See  Chablais. 

Sciacca,  skik'ki  (anc.  Ther'mx  Selinun'tinm  f),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Sicily,  on  its  S.  coast,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gir- 
genti.  Pop.  17,736.  It  stands  on  a  steep  acclivity,  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  defended  by  bastions  towards  the  sea, 
and  by  the  castle  of  Luna  on  its  E.  side.  It  has  many 
large  churches,  convents,  and  magazines,  and  is  one  of  the 
principal  depots  in  the  island  for  corn,  which  is  laid  up  in 
subterranean  caricatori.  It  has  maniifactures  of  vases  of 
antique  shape,  and  an  export  trade  in  fruit,  anchovies,  sul- 
phur, and  barilla.  Immediately  adjacent,  on  the  E.,  are 
sulphur  and  saline  baths,  of  a  temperature  of  126°  and  60° 
Fahr.,  with  sudorific  grottos  cut  in  the  rock. 

Sciathus,  the  ancient  name  of  Skiatho. 

Scicli,  shik'loe,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Syracuse, 
on  the  Scicli,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Modica.     Pop.  10,414. 

Sci'ence  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Somerset. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Scieuce  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Sciglio,  sheel'yo  (anc.  Scyllm'um),  or  Scilla,  shil'li 
tanc.  Scyl'la),  a  celebrated  promontory  of  Italy,  on  the 
Strait  of  Messina.  Lat.  38°  14'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  15°  45'  B.  It 
is  a  bold,  rocky  headland,  about  200  feet  high,  with  its  base 
deeply  scooped  out  by  the  action  of  the  waves.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait,  and  opposite  to  the 
rooks  and  shoals  of  Charybdis,  where  strong  currents  meet 
and  make  wild  uproar.  The  ancients  fabled  that  in  a  cave 
at  the  base  of  this  promontory  dwelt  Scylla,  a  fearful  mon- 
ster, who  devoured  the  rash  or  unwary  mariners  who  ap- 
proached too  near ;  under  this  figure  indicating  the  perils 
which  they  supposed  to  attend  on  this  fatal  spot.  In  mod- 
ern times,  however,  gunpowder  has  been  employed  in  re- 
moving some  of  the  more  formidable  rocks,  and  the  action 
of  the  water  may  in  course  of  time  have  somewhat  widened 
the  channel.  Owing,  probably,  in  some  measure  to  these 
causes,  modern  navigators  find  it  comparatively  easy  to 
avoid  Scylla  without  falling  into  Charybdis. 

Scilla,  shil'li  or  sheel'li,  or  Sciglio,  sheel'yo  (ano. 
Scyllm'um),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria, 
at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Messina,  on  the  above 
promontory.  Lat.  38°  14'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  15°  45'  E.  Pop. 
5835,  mostly  seafaring  people.  It  has  a  strong  fort.  It 
Bufifered  greatly  in  the  earthquake  of  1783. 

Scilly,  sil'Iee,  a  fishing  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
00.  of  Cork,  forming  a  maritime  suburb  of  Kinsale. 

Scilly  (sil'Iee)  Cove,  a  village  in  the  district  of  Trinity, 
Newfoundland,  33  miles  from  Harbor  Grace.     Pop.  560. 

Scilly  (sil'Iee)  Islands  (Fr.  Sarlinguea,  soRHis"'),  off 
the  S.W.  coast  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  30  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Land's  End.  Lat.  of  light-house  on  St.  Agnes,  49° 
63'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  20'  W.  They  consist  of  about  140  isleU, 
besides  many  rocks,  the  principal  of  the  former  being  St. 
Mary's,  Tresco,  St.  Martin,  Brehar,  St.  Agnes,  and  Samp- 
son. Aggregate  area,  5770  acres.  Population  employed  in 
fishing,  agriculture,  and  manufacturing  kelp.  The  Scilly 
Islands  rise  abruptly  from  a  deep  sea,  and  form  a  compact 
group  about  30  miles  in  circumference.  They  consist  for 
the  most  part  of  granite.  The  climate  is  mild,  and  the  soil 
in  part  fertile,  producing  good  barley,  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes. 
Hughtown,  the  capital,  on  the  island  of  St.  Mary's,  is  the 
seat  of  a  court,  which  administers  the  civil  government  of 
the  islands,  and  it  has  a  pier,  fort,  and  custom-house,  but 
Tresco  is  the  residence  of  the  lord  proprietor.  They  have 
several  light-houses  and  secure  roadsteads,  but  numerous 
shipwrecks  have  occurred  on  them.  They  have  been  con- 
sidered the  Gaanteridea  or  tin-islands  of  the  ancients,  but 
they  have  no  mines  of  tin  or  any  other  metal.     Pop.  2090. 

Scilly  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat. 
16°  28'  S. ;  Ion.  156°  10'  W. 

Scinde,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Sinde. 

Scindia's  Dominion,  India.    See  Gwalior. 

Scio,  shee'o  or  sl'o,  written  also  Khio,  Khios,  and 
rikio  (modern  Gr.  Xto,  Ohio,  Hee'o ;  anc.  Chi'oa),  an  island 
belonging  to  Turkey,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  4 
miles  W.  of  Cape  Bianco,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Strait  of  Scio.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  32  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  IS  miles.  Area,  508  square  miles.  The  surface  is 
very  much  diversified,  and  it  is  one  of  the  richest  and  most 
beautiful  islands  of  the  Levant.  The  principal  products 
are  wine  of  superior  quality,  mastic,  silk,  wool,  cheese,  figs, 
lemons,  oranges,  and  other  fruits.  Previous  to  1822  this 
island  was  the  most  prosperous  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
and  had  thriving  silk-manufactories,  and  considerable  trade 


with  Constantinople,  Syria,  and  Egypt;  but  in  the  above 
year,  some  of  its  inhabitants  having  joined  the  Samians  in 
their  revolt,  nearly  all  the  population,  comprising  from 
120,000  to  130,000  persons,  were  massacred  or  sold  into 
slavery,  and  the  buildings  and  plantations  were  for  the 
most  part  destroyed.     Capital,   Scio.     Pop.  estimated   at 

50,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Chiot,  kee'ot,  or  Sciot,  shee'ot ; 

or  Chi' AN  when  the  ancient  island  is  referred  to. 

Scio,  or  Cas'tro,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above 
island,  near  the  middle  of  the  E.  coast.  It  consists  for  the 
most  part  of  houses  of  stone  or  brick,  is  defended  by  a 
castle,  has  manufactures  of  velvet  and  some  lighter  fabrics, 
and  at  its  harbor,  which  is  formed  by  two  moles  and  pro- 
vided with  two  light-houses,  carries  on  a  considerable  trade. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  Latin  bishop.     Pop   14,500. 

Scio,  si'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Scio  township,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and  44 
miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  The  village  of 
Dexter  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2127. 

Scio,  a  post-village  in  Scio  township,  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  4^ 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Belmont.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufao 
tures  of  staves,  heading,  and  tubs.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  th* 
township,  1641. 

Scio,  a  post-village  in  North  township,  Harrison  oo., 
0.,  at  New  Market  Station  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad, 
116  miles  B.  of  Columbus.  Here  is  a  Methodist  institution 
called  "  One  Study  University."  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Scio,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  near  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches  and  the  Scio  College. 

Sciola,  si-o'1%,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Nodaway  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Yillisca,  and  about  15 
miles  E.  of  Red  Oak.     It  has  a  church. 

Sciolze,  shold'zi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1208. 

Sciota,  si-o'ta,  a  post-village  in  Sciota  township, 
McDonough  co..  III.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  «k  Warsaw 
Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Bushnell,  and  about  26  miles 
S.B.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches.  A  large 
quantity  of  corn  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  of  township,  1501. 

Sciota,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.      P.  1312. 

Sciota,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  301. 

Sciota,  or  Scioto,  a  post-village  in  Chazy  township, 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &,  Canada  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  shingles,  cradles,  ka. 

Sciotavale,  si-o'ta-val,  post-office,  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Scioto,  si-o'to,  a  beautiful  river  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Hardin 
CO.,  and  runs  eastward  to  Berwick,  Marion  co.,  where  it 
turns  to  the  right.  Below  this  place  its  general  direction  is 
nearly  southward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Delaware, 
Franklin,  Pickaway,  Ross,  Pike,  and  Scioto,  and  enters 
the  Ohio  River  at  Portsmouth.  It  is  nearly  300  miles  long. 
The  largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  Columbus,  Circleville, 
Chillicothe,  and  Portsmouth.  The  Ohio  <k  Erie  Canal  ex- 
tends along  this  river  from  its  mouth  to  Columbns,  about 
100  miles. 

Scioto,  a  oounty  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  ot  about  613  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  here  runs  N.E., 
and  then  S.E.,  making  a  deep  angle  in  the  border  of  this 
county,  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto  River,  which  traverses 
it  from  N.  to  S.,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little  Scioto  and 
Brush  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass.  Iron  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Fire-clay  and  limestone  are  found  in  this 
oounty.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Canal,  the  Cincinnati, 
Portsmouth  &,  Virginia  Railroad,  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  South- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Portsmouth.  Pop.  in  1870, 
29,302;  in  1880,  33,511;  in  1890,35,377. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1542. 

Scioto,  a  station  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River  and  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Urbana.  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1505. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  2310. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  772. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1751. 

Scioto,  Scioto  CO.,  0.    See  Hakbisonville. 

Scioto,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamilton  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Pa.,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stroudsburg,  and  about  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Easton.     It  has  a  tannery. 


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Scioto  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Soioto  oo.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of  the  Marietta 
A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Sciotoville)  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  6  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  manufactories  of  fire- 
bricks and  retorts. 

Scipaii)  an  island  of  Dalmatia.    See  Giupana. 

ScipiOf  sip'e-o,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     P.  420. 

ScipiOy  a  hamlet  in  Springfield  township,  Franklin  oo., 
Ind.,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

ScipiO)  a  post- village  in  Geneva  township,  Jennings  co., 
Ind.,  on  Sand  Creek,  and  on  the  JefFersonville,  Madison  <fc 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2  flour-mills. 

ScipiO)  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  856. 

ScipiOy  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  <fc  Galveston  Railroad,  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church  and  a  convent. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1009. 

ScipiOy  a  post-village  in  Scipio  township,  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Owasco  Lake,  is 
traversed  by  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  a 
hamlet  named  Sherwood.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1920. 

Scipio,  a  station  in  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  Owasco  Lake,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  1761. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1635. 

Scipio,  a  post-office  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Scipio  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scipio  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ithaca,  Auburn  &  Western  Rail- 
road, about  12  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

Scipiovilie,  sip'e-o-vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scipio  town- 
ship, Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  tannery. 

Scircleville,  ser'k^l-vil,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Railroad, 
11^  miles  E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-implements. 

Scitico,  8kit'§-ko,  a  post-village  in  Enfield  township, 
Hartford  oo..  Conn.,  on  the  Soantio  River,  and  on  the  Con- 
necticut Central  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  a  powder-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Scituate,  sit'u-at,  or  Scituate  Harbor,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Scituate  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  nearly  1  mile  from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes.  It  has 
a  rocky  shore  formed  of  syenite  or  granite.  The  township 
contains  also  villages  named  North  Scituate  and  West 
Scituate,  and  a  pop.  of  2318. 

Scituate,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.     P.  4101. 

Scituate  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Scituate  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  26^  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Boston. 

Sclavonia,  a  province  of  Hungary.    See  Slayonia. 

Sclayn,  sklin,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Namur,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  1586. 

Scobeyville,  sko'be-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Red  Bank. 

Scodra,  the  ancient  name  of  Scutari. 

Scofield,  sko'feeld,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mioh., 
In  Exeter  township,  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks,  wagons,  staves,  and  heading.     Pop.  about  150. 

Scofield,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Pa. 

Scoglio  Grande,  skftl'yo  gr&n'di,  the  largest  of  the 
Brioni  Islands,  in  the  Adriatic,  ofif  the  W.  coast  of  Istria, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Pola.  On  its  E.  side  is  the  village  of 
Brioni. 

Scoglio  Grande,  one  of  the  Ponza  Islands,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Naples. 

Scombi,  skom'bee,  a  river  of  Albania,  rises  on  the 
border  of  Macedonia,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles, 
enters  the  Adriatic  15  miles  S.  of  Durazzo. 

Scone,  skoon,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  2^  miles  N. 
of  Perth.  Pop.  2300,  of  whom  1477  are  in  the  village  of 
New  Sconk,  which  is  substantially  built.  At  ancient  Scone, 
of  which  almost  the  only  remnant  is  a  market-cross,  the 
kings  of  Scotland  were  formerly  crowned,  on  a  famous  stone 
now  preserved  in  Westminster  Abbey.  Here  were  an  abbey 
and  a  royal  palace  of  the  Scottish  kings. 


Sconondoa,  sko-non-do'^  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Verona  township,  1  mile  E.  of  Oneida. 

Scooba,  skoo'ba,  a  post-village  of  Kemper  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mobile  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Me- 
ridian. It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  church.  Pop. 
estimated  at  500. 

Scopelo,  island,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Skopello. 

Scopia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.     See  Uskup. 

Scordia,  skoR-dee'i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Catania.     Pop.  6203.     It  is  noted  for  its  oranges. 

Scorff,  skoiif,  a  river  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  after  a 
S.  course  of  30  miles,  enters  the  harbor  of  Lorient.  It  u 
navigable  to  PontscorflF,  a  distance  of  7  miles. 

Scorrano,  skoa-R&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce, 
E.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     It  has  2  convents.     Pop.  1851. 

Scotch  Block,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  S.  of  Georgetown.  It  contains  2  saw-  and  2  fiour- 
ing-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Scotch  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  in  Florida  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  S.  of  Amsterdam.     P.  120. 

Scotch  Corner.     See  Richmond  Corner. 

Scotch  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Duntroon. 

Scotch  Fort,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  Hillsborough  River,  15  miles  from  Char- 
lottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Scotch  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scotch  Grove  town- 
ship, Jones  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Davenport  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  63  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  about  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  a  church.  The  township 
is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa  River,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  821. 

Scotch  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Tionesta,  and  about  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Scotch  Plains,  Union  co.,  N.J.     See  Fan  wood. 

Scotch  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Webster  township. 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Pemberville.    It  has  3  churches. 

Scotch  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Scotia,  sko'she-a,  a  post-village  of  Greeley  co..  Neb., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  bv 
W.  of  Grand  Island.     Pop.  in  1890,  418. 

Scotia,  a  post-village  in  Glenville  township,  Schenec- 
tady CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Albany,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Schenectady.  It  has  65  dwell- 
ings, 2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  rope-walk. 

Scotia  (Benore  P.  0.),  the  name  of  an  iron-mining 
village  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  the  property  of  Carnegie  Bros. 
A  Co.,  26  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  The  mines  yield 
an  output  of  from  350  to  450  tons  per  day.     Pop.  200. 

Scotland,  skot'land  (anc.  Caledo'nia ;  It.  <S'co2ia,  skod'- 
ze-i;  Sp.  ^scocta,  fis-ko'the-i;  Fr.  Ecoaae,  i^koss' ;  Ger. 
Schottland,  shott'l&nt ;  Dutch,  Schotland,  SKot'l&nt),  the  N. 
division  of  the  island  of  Great  Britain,  between  lat.  54'' 
38'  and  58°  40'  24"  N.  and  Ion.  1°  46'  and  6°  8'  30"  W. 
It  is  separated  from  England  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Tweed, 
S.W.  by  the  Solway  Firth,  and  S.  partly  by  the  Cheviot 
Hills,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  the  North  Sea,  and  N.  and  W. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  greatest  length,  from  N.N.E. 
to  S.S.W.,  between  Dunnet  Head  and  the  Mull  of  Galloway, 
is  287  miles.  The  breadth,  measured  from  N.E.  to  S.W., 
between  Kinnaird's  Head  and  the  Mull  of  Kintyre,  is  217 
miles ,'  and  on  the  parallels  of  56°,  57°,  and  58°  respect- 
ively, 120,  125,  and  43  miles.  Between  Alloa,  on  the  Forth, 
and  Dumbarton,  on  the  Clyde,  the  width  is  diminished  to  33 
miles ;  and  farther  N.,  between  Dornoch  Firth  on  the  E. 
and  Loch  Broom  on  the  W.,  it  does  not  exceed  24  miles. 
These  measurements  apply  only  to  the  mainland,  for  nu- 
merous islands  line  its  coasts  and  form  one  of  their  pecu- 
liar features.  On  the  E.  coast  these  islands  are  few  and 
small ;  but  on  the  N.  the  two  large  groups  of  the  Orkneys 
and  Shetlands  form  a  separate  county,  while  on  the  W.  a 
series  of  groups  (the  Hebrides  or  Western  Isles)  stretch 
almost  uninterruptedly  from  N.  to  S.,  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  coast,  and  form  no  insignificant  portion  of  the 
whole  area  of  the  country.  The  largest  of  them  are  Lewis, 
North  Uist,  South  Uist,  Skye,  Mull,  Jura,  and  Islay.  In  the 
S.W.  the  islands  of  Arran  and  Bute  form  a  separate  county 
under  the  name  of  the  latter.  On  the  W.,  arms  of  the  sea 
penetrate  inland,  forming  narrow  salt-water  estuaries,  the 
chief  of  which  are  Loch.  Long,  between  Argyleshire  and 
Dumbartonshire,  Loch  Fyne  and  Loch  Linnhe  in  Argyle- 
shire, and  Loch  Eil  in  Inverness-shire ;  in  Ross-shire,  Lochs 
Carron,  Torridon,  Gair,  Ewe,  Gruinard,  Broom,  and  Enard ; 
in  Sutherlandshire,  Lochs  Assynt  and  Laxford.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  there  are  innumerable  fresh-water  lochs.  On  the 
E.  the  indentations  are  called  firths,  comprising  the  Forth. 


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Tay,  Moray,  Dornoch,  and  Cromarty;  and  on  the  W.  coast 
is  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  which  is  of  great  commercial  impor- 
tance. The  Atlantic  and  North  Sea  are  connected  by  the 
Caledonian  Canal,  Loch  Fyne  and  the  Atlantic  by  the  Crinan 
Canal,  and  the  rivers  Forth  and  Clyde  by  the  Forth  & 
Clyde  Canal.  There  are  numerous  headlands  suad  promon- 
tories on  the  coast,  the  chief  of  which  are  St.  Abb  s  Head, 
Berwickshire;  Fifeness,  a  low,  sandy  headland,  the  ter- 
mination of  the  peninsula  of  Fife;  Buddonness,  in  Forfar- 
shire, with  a  light-house ;  Girdleness,  with  a  light-house,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Dee,  in  Kincardineshire;  Buchanness, 
with  a  light-house,  in  Aberdeenshire,  and  the  most  easterly 
land  in  Scotland ;  Kinnaird's  Head,  also  with  a  light- 
house, at  the  entrance  of  Moray  Firth ;  Tarbetness,  with  a 
light-house,  on  a  peninsula  between  the  Dornoch  and  Beauly 
Firths,  in  Ross-shire ;  Clytheness,  Noss  Head,  Holborn  Head, 
Duncansby  Head,  and  Dunnet  Head,  the  latter  with  a  light- 
house, in  Caithness;  Strathey  Point,  Whiten  Head,  Far- 
Out  Head,  Aasynt  Point,  and  Cape  Wrath,  with  a  light- 
house, in  Sutherlandshire ;  the  Mull  of  Canty  re,  with  a 
light-house,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Clyde,  besides  Toward 
and  Cloch  Points,  with  light-houses,  on  the  Clyde ;  Corse- 
wall  Point,  with  a  light-house,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
the  Rhinns  of  Galloway ;  Mull  Head  and  the  Mull  of  Gal- 
loway, the  last  with  a  light-house,  in  Wigtownshire ;  besides 
numerous  other  headlands.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Tweed, 
Forth,  Tay,  North  and  South  Esk,  Dee,  Don,  Deveron, 
Lossie,  Findhorn,  Spey,  Ness,  Conon,  Brora,  Helmsdale,  and 
Wick,  on  the  eastern  side ;  and  the  Annan,  Nith,  Dee,  Cree, 
Ayr,  Doon,  and  Clyde,  on  the  S.  and  W.  The  principal 
harbors  and  piers  on  the  E.  coast  are  Berwick,  Leith,  Gran- 
ton,  Burntisland,  Grangemouth,  and  the  roadsteads  of  Inch- 
keith  and  St.  Margaret's  Hope;  on  the  N.E.,  Dundee  and 
Aberdeen ;  and  on  the  W.,  Greenock,  Port  Glasgow,  Dum- 
barton, Stranraer,  Troon,  Ardrossan,  and  Glasgow.  Moun- 
tains are  numerous :  the  Grampian  range  (which  marks 
the  two  gifbat  divisions  of  the  country  into  a  N.  or  High- 
land and  a  S.  or  Lowland  region)  commences  with  Ben 
Nevis  (the  highest  summit  in  the  United  Kingdom,  4368 
feet),  in  the  S.W.  corner  of  Inverness-shire,  and  extends 
in  a  N.E.  direction,  intersecting  the  country  to  near  the 
E.  shores  of  Aberdeenshire,  with  branches  stretching  S. 
to  the  Tay  and  N.  and  N.W.  to  the  shores  of  the  Moray 
Firth.  The  Grampians,  with  their  offsets,  form  an  exten- 
sive mountain-chain,  with  elevations  varying  from  4400  to 
3000  and  2000  feet  above  the  sea.  The  valley  of  the  Cale- 
donian Canal  separates  this  region  from  the  mountainous 
district  of  Sutherlandshire,  which  terminates  at  Cape  Wrath. 
6.  of  the  Grampians  is  Strathmore,  or  the  great  valley  of 
Scotland.  On  the  S.,  bordering  on  England,  are  the  Cheviot 
Hills ;  in  the  S.E.,  the  Lammermuirs ;  and  to  the  N.  of 
Dumfriesshire,  the  Southern  Highlands.  The  geological 
formation  of  the  country  comprises  granite,  porphyry,  Si- 
lurian schists,  marble  and  quartz  rock,  with  occasionally 
metallic  veins ;  while  the  old  red  sandstone  formation  fills 
up  the  valleys  and  the  coast-line  on  each  side  N.  and  S.  of 
the  Grampian  Mountains,  extending,  with  the  exception  of 
the  E.  part  of  Aberdeenshire  and  the  N.W.  part  of  Suth- 
erland, along  the  whole  coasts  of  Scotland,  both  E.  and  W. 
sides,  from  the  Tay  and  Clyde  northward.  In  the  extreme 
N.W.  the  Laurentian  rocks  are  developed.  The  middle 
portion  of  Scotland,  from  St.  Andrews  to  St.  Abb's  Head, 
and  in  corresponding  lines  westward  to  Dumbarton,  com- 
prehends the  great  coal-field  of  the  country,  intersected  by 
the  greenstone  ranges  of  the  Oohil  Hills  on  the  N.,  and  the 
Lanarkshire  Hills,  Pentlands,  and  Fife  Lomonds  in  the 
centre.  Another  coal  district  extends  also  into  Berwick- 
shire and  part  of  Roxburgh;  while  the  whole  region  from 
the  Lammermuir  range  S.  and  W.  into  Peebles,  Dumfries- 
shire, and  Wigtownshire  is  composed  of  the  Lower  and 
Upper  Silurian  formations.  Limestone  and  ironstone  are 
found  in  the  coal  districts,  lead  ore  in  the  schistose  districts 
of  Leadhills,  silver  in  the  Ochil  Hills,  with  lead,  antimony, 
and  manganese  in  the  primary  range  of  the  Grampians. 
Traces  of  nearly  all  the  secondary  strata  are  found  in  the 
north  and  in  the  Western  Islands.  Temperature  in  the  W. 
and  S.  parts  mild,  but  humid ;  the  central  elevated  regions, 
chill  and  humid ;  the  eastern  plains  and  Lowlands,  more 
genial,  though  exposed  in  spring  to  chill  easterly  winds. 
In  the  Lowlands  the  summer  is  not  so  warm,  but  the  winter 
is,  on  the  whole,  milder  than  that  of  England,  and  the  cli- 
mate is  salubrious  and  favorable  to  longevity.  From  me- 
teorological observations  at  39  different  localities,  extending 
over  all  parts  of  the  mainland  and  islands,  for  the  five  years 
1857-61,  the  mean  temperature  for  January  was  38.03° 
Fahr.,  and  for  July,  57.6°.  Mean  annual  temperature  of 
mainland,  47.9°  Fahr.     In  general,  much  more  rain  falls 


on  the  W.  coast  than  on  the  E.  Prevailing  winds,  W.  and 
S.W. ;  in  spring,  N.  and  N.E.  The  central,  W.,  and  N.W. 
districts  are  chiefly  grazing  and  pastoral,  the  valleys  and 
plains  of  the  E.  and  S.E.  districts  agricultural.  The  allu- 
vial or  oarse  lands  of  Stirling,  Falkirk,  and  Gowrie,  the 
plains  of  the  Lothians  and  Clydesdale,  portions  of  Fifeshire, 
Berwickshire,  and  Roxburghshire,  in  the  S.,  and  Morayshire 
and  Ross-shire  in  the  N.,  are  highly  cultivated,  and  all  the 
usual  agricultural  products  are  raised.  Sheep-farming  is 
the  great  specialty  of  Scottish  husbandry.  Farms  are  held 
almost  universally  on  leases ;  the  majority  of  them  having 
an  area  of  from  100  to  500  acres.  Except  in  the  greater 
preponderance  of  Alpine  plants,  the  flora  of  Scotland  re- 
sembles very  much  that  of  England.  There  are  about  3230 
indigenous  plants.  Extensive  pine  forests  abound,  and 
fruit  trees  thrive  well.  Grouse  and  ptarmigan  abound  in 
the  moors.  Salmon  and  trout  abound  in  the  rivers,  and 
herrings,  cod,  haddocks,  and  other  fish  in  the  seas.  The 
leading  manufactures  are  of  cotton,  linen,  woollen,  glass, 
and  stoneware;  coal-  and  iron-working,  ship-building, 
coach-building,  and  whisky-distilling  are  pursued.  The 
country  is  everywhere  intersected  with  excellent  roads,  and 
railway  communication  to  all  the  leading  towns.  In  1892, 
3188  miles  of  railway  were  open,  and  several  connecting 
branch  lines  projected  and  in  course  of  formation.  The 
principal  can^s  are  the  Forth  A  Clyde,  Union,  Crinan,  and 
Caledonian.  Scotland  is  divided  into  33  counties,  the  areas 
and  populations  of  which  in  1891  were  as  follows : 


Oountlee. 


Area  in 
sq.  m. 


Aberdeen ~ ' 

Argyle  and  Isles 

Ayr 

Banff ~ 

Berwick >....... 

Bute ~ — 

Oaithuees ..~. ~...~ 

Clackmannan 

Dumbarton ' 

Dumfries ...~... 

Edinburgh ~ ' 

Elgin  or  Moray 

Fife - 

Forfar  (Angus) ~ 

Haddington -. 

Inverness  and  Isles ~ 

Kincardine ~ 

Kinross - 

Kirkcudbright  (Stewartry) 

Lanark ~ ■ 

Linlithgow 

Nairn ~ ~ 

Orkney » 

Shetland ■ 

Peebles ' 

Perth 

Renfrew 

Boss  and  Cromarty,  and  Islands. 

Boxburgb ~ 

Selkirk ~ — 

SlirUng 

Sutherland 

Wigtown 


Total 30,463 


1,970 

3,255 

1,149 

686 

464 

226 

712 

50 

270 

1,103 

367 

531 

613 

890 

280 

4266 

388 

78 

954 

889 

127 

216 

936 

356 

2,601 

264 

3,151 

670 

260 

467 

1,886 

612 


Pop.  in 
1891. 


281,331 
75,945 

224,222 
64,167 
32,398 
18,408 
37,161 
28,433 
94,511 
74,308 

444,055 
43,448 

187,320 

277,788 
37,491 
88,362 
36,647 
6,289 
39,979 
1,015,787 
52,789 
10,019 
30,438 
28,711 
14,760 

126,128 

290,790 
77,761 
63,726 
27,349 

126,604 
21,940 
36,048 


4,033,103 


In  each  of  the  counties  are  a  lord-lieutenant,  a  sheriff- 
depute  and  substitute,  and  local  justices.  The  courts  of 
session  and  justiciary  exercise  the  supreme  jurisdiction. 
The  papal  supremacy  was  abolished  in  the  national  church 
in  1560,  when  the  Presbyterian  form  of  worship  was  sub- 
stituted, with  local  presbyteries  and  synods,  and  a  Gen- 
eral Assembly  meeting  yearly  in  Edinburgh.  Since  1712, 
the  right  of  appointing  to  livings  is  vested  in  the  crown,  or 
with  private  parties.  A  secession  on  accovmt  of  patronage 
took  place  in  1741.  In  1834  the  Veto  Act  passed  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  modifying  the  right  of  patronage ;  but,  this 
Act  having  been  overthrown  by  Parliament,  a  disruption 
took  place  in  1843,  when  470  clergymen,  along  with  a  large 
number  of  adherents,  left  the  Establishment  and  formed 
the  Free  Church.  In  1871  there  were  494,860  scholars,  or 
14  72  per  cent,  of  the  population,  being  nearly  the  same 
proportion  as  in  England.  The  Roman  Catholic  Church 
in  the  seventeenth  century  was  dominant  in  the  western 
portion  of  the  country,  and  in  the  islands  of  Inverness-shire 
and  Ross-shire.  Its  chief  seat  now  is  in  the  Hebrides,  on 
the  west  coast  and  islands  of  Inverness-shire,  and  in  the 
cos.  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff,  In  the  island  of  Barra  fully 
one-half  of  the  population  are  Roman  Catholics.  Irish  im- 
migration has   greatly  increased  the   number  of    Roman 


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Oaiholioa  in  the  large  towns.  The  Gaelic  language  still 
prevails  in  the  Hebrides,  and  in  the  west  and  inland  parts 
of  Argyle-,  Inverness-,  Ross-,  Sutherland-,  and  Caithness- 
Bhires ;  but  it  is  rapidly  receding  from  the  Lowland  borders. 
The  old  Scottish  language  is  a  cognate  Teutonic  dialect,  now 
being  gradually  superseded  by  modern  English,  though  it 
will  live  in  literature.  Scotland,  previously  an  independent 
kingdom,  was  joined  to  England  in  1603,  on  the  accession 
of  James  VI.,  and  a  legislative  union  of  the  two  kingdoms 
took  place  in  1707.  By  this  treaty  16  peers,  elected  from 
the  whole  body  of  Scottish  peers,  represented  the  country 
in  the  House  of  Lords ;  and  the  counties  returned  30  and 
the  boroughs  15  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
1S32  the  borough  members  were  increased  to  23.  In  1875 
there  were  60  members, — 32  for  the  counties,  11  for  the  larger 
cities  and  towns,  15  for  districts  of  burghs,  and  two  for  the 
universities.  Capital,  Edinburgh.  Scotland  still  retains  its 
ancient  system  of  jurisprudence,  based  upon  the  Roman,  or 

civil,  law. Adj.  Scotch  or  Scot'tish  (Fr.  Ecossais,  i'kos^- 

si' ;  Ger.  Schottisch,  shott'ish,  or  Schottlandisch,  shott'- 
lind'ish  ;  Sp.  Escoces,  is-ko-this' ;  It.  Scoziano,  skod-ze- 
i'no ;  Dutch,  Schotsch,  sKotsh) ;  inhab.  Scotch'man  (the 
French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  are  the  same  as  the  adjective; 
Ger.  ScHOTTE,  shot't§h ;  Dutch,  Schots'man). 

Scot'Iaud,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dering ou  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Middle  Fabius,  North  Fabius,  and 
Wyaconda  Rivers,  which  run  southeastward.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
batter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  in 
an  B.  and  W.  direction  by  the  Keokuk  &  Western  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Memphis,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,670;  in  1880,  12,508;  in  1890,  12,674. 

Scotland,  a  post-ofQce  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark. 

Scotland,  a  station  in  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Con- 
necticut Western  Rail^ad,  9i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartford. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Scotland  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  7  miles  E.  of  Willimantic,  and  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  warp-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  643.  The  village  is  2  or  3  miles  N. 
of  Scotland  Station,  which  is  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  Eng- 
land Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Scotland,  a  township  of  McDonough  co.,  111.     P.  1162. 

Scotland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Bloomfield,  and  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Scotland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Bridgewater  township,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has 
a  church. 

Scotland,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Mo.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lead-mine.     Pop.  200. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Greene  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Chambersburg.  It  has  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cement,  lumber,  &c. 

Scotland,  a  city  of  Bon  Homme  oo.,  S.D.,  29  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Yankton.     Pop.  in  1890,  1083. 

I  Scotland,  a  post- village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Brantford.  It  contains  a  carding-mill,  grist-mill, 
tannery,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.  Pop.  400. 
Scotland  Neck,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C., 
18  miles  E.  of  Enfield,  and  about  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ra- 
leigh. It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy.  A  railroad  6 
miles  long  extends  hence  to  Edward's  Ferry.  P.  (1890)  778. 
Scots  burn.  Nova  Scotia.  See  Rogbb's  Hill. 
Scott,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an  area 
of  about  930  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Fourche  la 
Fave  and  Poteau  Rivers,  the  first  running  E.  and  the  second 
W.,  and  also  by  many  smaller  streams.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  Among  the 
forest  trees  are  the  hickory,  white  oak,  and  yellow  pine. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cattle,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Waldron.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7483;  in  1880,  9174;  in  1890,  12,636. 

I  Scott,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Illinois  River,  and  is  drained  by  Movestar  and  Sandy  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  and  good  carboniferous  lime- 
stone and  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy  Railroad,  the  Chicago  <!fc 
Alton  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  first  of  which 


connects    with  Winchester,    the  capital.      Pop.   in    1870, 
10,530;  in  1880,  10,741;  in  1890,  10,304. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  190  square  miles,  it  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and 
N.W.  by  Graham's  Fork.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  th«  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
road and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  k  St.  Louis 
Railroad.  Capital,  Scottsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  7873;  in 
1880,  8343  ;  in  1890,  7833. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the 
E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. Groves  of  the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  Ac,  grow 
on  the  margin  of  the  rivers.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  barley, 
oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  plenty  of 
limestone  (Upper  Silurian).  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Davenport.  Pop.  in 
1870,  38,599;  in  1880,  41,266;  in  1890,  43,164. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Ladder  Creek  and 
other  affluents  of  Smoky  Hill  River,  also  by  White  Woman 
Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  prairie.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroail  and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Scott.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1262. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area 
of  about  272  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  and 
South  Forks  of  Elkhorn  Creek  and  by  Eagle  River.  The 
surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of 
the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville 
Southern  Railroad,  the  Kentucky  Midland  Railroad,  and 
the  Queen  <fc  Crescent  Route.  Capital,  Georgetown.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,607;  in  1880,  14,965;  in  1890,  16,546. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  355  square  miles.  It  is  bonnded  on 
the  N.  ana  N.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  small  lakes  and  forests 
of  the  oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  It  has 
many  thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soiL 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A, 
St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Omaha 
Railroads,  both  of  which  connect  with  Shakopee,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,042;  in  1880,  13,516;  in  1890,  13,831. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Strong  and  Young  Warrior  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
?ine,  magnolia,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton, 
ndian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Vicksburg  k  Meridian  division 
of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route.  Capital,  Forest.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7847;  in  1880,  10,845;  in  1890,  11,740. 

Scott,  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  434  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
in  which  the  cypress,  ash,  hickory,  and  oak  are  found.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  and 
the  St.  Louis  A  Southwestern  Railroad  touches  its  N.W. 
border.  Capital,  Benton.  Pop.  in  1870,  7317;  in  1880, 
8687;  in  1890, 11,228. 

Scott,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Big  South  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
It  comprises  part  of  the  Cumberland  Table- Land,  or  Cum- 
berland Mountain.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati,  New 
Orleans  A  Texas  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Huntsville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4054;  in  1880,  6021;  in  1890,  9794. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  628  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Clinch  River  and  the  North  Fork  of  Holston 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Copper  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  by  ridges  called  Clinch  and  Powell's  Mountains, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak. 


SCO 


2422 


SCO 


chestnut,  sugar-maple,  wild  cherry,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  Near  Clinch  River  in  this 
county  is  a  remarkable  natural  tunnel,  which  extends 
through  a  rocky  ridge  and  is  about  400  feet  long.  The 
vertical  dimension  of  the  arch  is  nearly  75  feet.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  South  Atlantic  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital, 
Gate  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,036,-  in  1880,  17,233;  in 
1890,  21,694. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.    Pop.  829. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  996. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  700. 

Scott,  a  post-office  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pigeon 
River,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Goshen. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1111. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1024. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.     P.  1677. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  106. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  430. 

Scott,  a  post-township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  4  miles  W. 
of  Marble  Rook.     Pop.  357. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1232, 
exclusive  of  McPaul,  Bartlett,  and  Fremont  City. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  485. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1122. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  854. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1131. 
.  Scott,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1006. 
It  contains  Belle  Fountain,  on  the  Des  Moines  River. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  502. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  633. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  2334, 
exclusive  of  Fort  Scott. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1245.  It 
contains  Twin  Springs. 

Scott,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas. 

Scott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  8^  miles  S.  of 
Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Scott,  a  village  of  Harrison  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  64  miles 
E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Pass  Christian. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Here  are  forests  of 
magnolia,  oak,  pine,  &a. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Taney  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  554. 

Scott,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb.,  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Red  Cloud. 

Scott,  a  post- village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Scott 
township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Homer,  and  about  24  miles 
S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  250 ;  of  the  township,  1055. 

Scott,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Winchesteb. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.     Pop.  1070. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  495. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  1274. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1807. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  1475. 

Scott,  a  post-township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Scranton.     Pop.  1132. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  902. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  817. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1361. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1470. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.     Pop.  783. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  953. 

Scott,  or  Bata'via,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township, 
bheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac, 
and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1504. 

Scott  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Honesdale. 

Scott'dale,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
en  the  Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mount 
Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.  of  Connellsville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  blast-furnace,  a  rolling-mill,  2  hotels, 
and  manufactures  of  coke,  sash,  doors,  &o.    P.  (1890)  2693. 

Scott  Ha'ven,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
in  Sewickley  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River  and  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (Pittsburg  division),  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  colliery  and  a  distillery. 

Scott'land,  or  Scott  Land,  a  post-village  in  Prairie 
township,  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  & 
Springfield  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Scott  River,  California,  runs  nearly  northward  in  Sis- 


kiyou CO.,  and  enters  the  Klamath  River  about  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Yreka. 

Scott  River,  or  Scott's  Bar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sis- 
kiyou CO.,  Cal.,  on  Scott  River,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Yreka. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Scott  River. 

Scott's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalamazoo  oo.,  Mich.,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Battle  Creek. 

Scott's  Bay,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Bay  of  Pundy,  20  miles  from  Canning.     Pop.  350. 

Scott's  Blnff,  a  county  of  W.  Nebraska,  with  an  area 
of  756  square  miles.    Capital,  Gering.    Pop.  in  1890,  1888. 

Scottsborongh,  skSts'btir-riih,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Rail- 
road, 41  miles  E.  of  Huntsville,  and  about  5  miles  N.W. 
of  the  Tennessee  River.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  a  male  and  female  institute, 
a  tannery,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  959. 

Scotts'burg,  a  post-office  of  McDonough  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of 
Bushnell. 

Scottsbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  JeflFersonville,  Madison  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  618. 

Scottsburg,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  <fc  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Prince- 
ton. 

Scottsbnrg,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  N.Y.,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  7 
miles  N.  of  Dansville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  300. 

Scottsbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Umpqua  River,  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Eugene  City.  It  has  a 
tannery. 

Scottsbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  40  «iiles  E.N.E.  of  Dan- 
ville.    It  has  a  tobacco-factory  and  3  stores. 

Scott's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Elqinburg. 

Scott's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Hinsdale  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Hinsdale.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Scott's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C., 
has  a  mountainous  surface,  and  is  said  to  contain  mines  of 
copper.     Pop.  529. 

Scott's  Cross'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Auglaize  Rivr,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  at  Auglaize  Station,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Lima.     It  has  2  churches. 

Scott's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Scott's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg 
CO.,  Va. 

Scott's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Hun- 
tington, and  8  miles  S.  of  Winfield.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  500. 

Scott's  Hall,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  18  miles  N.  of 
Kingston.     Pop.  1371. 

Scott's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Pender  co.,  N.C. 

Scott's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Scott's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla. 

Scott's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dalton  township,  Cooi 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  starch- 
factory. 

Scott's  Monntain,  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  forms  part  of 
South  Mountain.  It  is  from  700  to  800  feet  above  tide- 
water.    It  abounds  with  iron  ore  of  several  varieties. 

Scott's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Scott's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Louisville  and  Shelbyville,  about  6 
miles  from  Shelbyville. 

Scott's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Jeff"erson  City. 

Scotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Selma.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
mills. 

Scottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  about  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church, 

Scottsville,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  in  Leech 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Albion.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Wabash  Post-Office. 

Scottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Scottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  ou 


SCO 


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SOU 


the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Beloit.     It  has  a  plough-factory. 

Scottsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Allen  oc,  Ky., 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  2  churches,  the  Allen  Academy,  the  Sootts- 
villo  Institute,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  575. 

Scottsville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  on 
Middle  Locust  Creek,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Browning  Station, 
about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillioothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Scottsvillef  a  post-village  in  Wheatland  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Rochester 
&  State  Line  Railroad,  1^  miles  from  Scottsville  Station  of 
the  Erie  Railroad,  and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It 
hfos  4  churches,  several  large  flouring-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  Pop.  about  900. 

Scottsville,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canandaigua,  Batavia  &  Tonawanda  Railroad,  22  miles  E. 
of  Batavia. 

Scottsville,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  Rirer,  3  miles  from  Mehoopany  Station. 

Scottsville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Marshall. 

Scottsville,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River  and  the  James  River  Canal,  about  75  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  388. 

Scottsville,  a  village,  capital  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  32 
miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house  and  3  stores. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Powhatan  Court-House. 

Scott  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Huntington,  W.  "Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Scott  Valley,  township,  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1259. 

Scott'ville,  a  post-village  in  Scottville  township,  Ma- 
coupin CO.,  111.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Jacksonville, 
and  34  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1440. 

Scottville,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    See  River  Vale. 

Scottville,  a  hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish,  La.,  about  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 

Scottville,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Scourie,  Scoury,  sk5w'ree,  or  Scow'ree,  a  seaport 
rtllage  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  on  its  W.  coast,  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cape  Wrath. 

Scozia,  a  country  of  Europe.     See  Scotland. 

Scradin,  a  town  of  Dalmatia.     See  Scardona. 

Scrau'ton,  or  Scranton  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Kendrick  township,  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  800. 

Scranton,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bur- 
lingame.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1572. 

Scranton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Mobile,  100  miles  from  New  Orleans,  and  about  i  mile  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
a  steam  grist-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  3  ship-yards. 
Much  pine  lumber  is  sawed  in  the  vicinity,  of  which  over 
30,000,000  feet  are  sometimes  shipped  from  here  per  annum. 
About  1  mile  distant  is  Pascagoula.     Pop.  in  1890,  1353. 

Scranton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley  or  plain  on  the  Lacka- 
wanna River,  149  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  York,  167  miles 
N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It 
is  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A.  Western  Railroad  and 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.  It  is  well  built,  with 
wide  streets,  and  many  costly  public  and  private  edifices. 
It  contains  33  churches,  an  opera-house,  several  academies, 
a  public  library,  12  banks,  and  a  hospital.  Three  daily 
and  15  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Scranton 
is  an  important  centre  of  the  trade  in  anthracite  coal,  and 
its  prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  operations  in  coal  and 
manufactures  of  iron,  machinery,  Ac.  It  has  large  rolling- 
mills,  steel-works,  furnaces,  car-shops,  planing-mills,  foun- 
dries, and  manufactures  of  locomotives,  steam-boilers,  edge- 
tools,  carriages,  leather,  mining-machinery,  railroad  iron, 
stoves,  silk  fabrics,  sash,  blinds,  &o.  It  is  also  a  consider- 
able distributing  point  for  wholesale  dealers  in  dry-goods, 
groceries,  and  crockery.  According  to  the  census  of  1890, 
the  aggregate  capital  of  industries  reported  for  Scranton 
was  $15,144,936,  and  the  total  value  of  products  $22,801,- 
028.  Scranton  was  founded  in  1 840,  and  is  the  fourth  city 
of  the  state  in  population.  Pop.  in  1880,  46,850  :  in  1890. 
75,215. 

Scranton,  a  post- village  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Florence.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 


Scranton,  a  post-offioe  of  Wood  ou.,  Wis.,  on  the  GreeB 
Bay  <t  Minnesota  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

Scranton  Station,  Greene  oo.,  Iowa.    See  Scrakton 

Scrape,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Peebles,  on  th« 
boundary  between  the  parishes  of  Drummelzier  and  Manor 
Height  above  the  sea,  2800  feet. 

Screv'en,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  borders 
on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  786  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Ogeechee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Brier  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  passes  through  the  S.W.  part 
of  this  county,  and  a  short  line  called  the  Sylvania  Rail- 
road connects  with  the  Central  at  Sylvania,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9175;  in  1880,  12,786;  in  1890,  14,424. 

Screven,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Gulf  Railroad,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Scri'ba,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Scriba 
township,  4  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  barrels.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  intersected  by  a  branch 
of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  3120. 

Scrib'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Omaha  &  Northwest  Railroad^ 
23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Scrivia,  skree've-i,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Genoa,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Po  on 
the  right,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Voghera.     Length,  50  miles. 

Scroggs'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Fox 
township,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Scrub  Grass,  a  village  and  station  of  Venango  ctt.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Scrub  Grass,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.    P.  997. 

Scrub  Island,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in  the  British 
West  Indies,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Tortola. 

Scud'der's  Falls,  a  station  of  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  on  the  Delaware  River,  6  miles  above 
Trenton,  N.J. 

Scuffletovvn,  skiif'f^l-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hender- 
son CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  15  miles  above  Evansville, 
Ind.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-faetory. 

Scuffletown,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  about 
76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Scugog,  sku'gog,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
7i  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Perry.     Pop.  200. 

Scugog  Lake,  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  is  almost  di- 
vided longitudinally  by  a  peninsula  from  the  S.  It  is  in- 
dented with  numerous  bays.  On  it  are  the  villages. of  Port 
Perry  and  Scugog. 

Scul'coats,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Hull,  England. 
See  Hull. 

Scull's  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Ogeeohee  at  the 
E.  end  of  Emanuel  co. 

Scull  Town,  a  village  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  at  Car- 
roll Station.     See  Carroll. 

Scultenna,  the  ancient  name  of  Panaro. 

Scupernong  (skiip'§r-n5ng)  Creek,  of  Wisconsin, 
enters  Bark  River  in  Jefferson  co. 

Scupi,  the  ancient  name  of  Uskup. 

Scup^pernong',  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
N.C,  22  miles  E.  of  Plymouth,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Albemarle  Sound,  and  traversed  by  the  Scuppernong  River. 
Pop.  1121. 

Scurcolla,  skooR-kol'li,  Scurcula,  skooR-koo'l&,  or 
Scurgola,  skooR-go'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aquila.  Near  this,  in  1268, 
Charles  of  Anjou  gained  the  battle  of  Tagliacozzo.  Pop. 
2812. 

Scure  of  £ig,  or  Scuir  of  Eigg,  skQr  gv  eeg,  a 
basaltic  mountain  of  the  island  of  Eig,  in  Inner  Hebrides, 
CO.  of  Inverness,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island,  rising  1340 
feet  above  the  sea.  In  its  side,  facing  the  sea,  is  the  "  bone 
cave,"  so  termed  from  400  inhabitants  having  been  smothered 
here  by  the  clansmen  of  Skye. 

Scur'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Colorado  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Deep  and  Neal's  Creeks.  Capital, 
Snyder.     Pop.  in  1890,  1416. 

Scutari,  skoo'ti-re  (called  It^koodar'  by  the  Turks; 
anc.  ChryBop'olis),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bospoms, 
opposite  Constantinople.  Pop.  estimated  at  60,000.  It 
is  built  on  several  hills,  and  nas  a  great  resemblance  to 


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2424 


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the  Turkish  capital.  It  has  numerous  mosques  and  imarets 
or  kitchens  for  the  poor,  a  palace  and  extensive  gardens 
belonging  to  the  sultan,  a  noted  college  of  howling  der- 
vishes, barracks,  cemeteries,  various  public  baths  and  ba- 
zaars, large  corn-warehouses,  and  manufactures  of  silks 
and  cotton  fabrics.  It  is  the  great  rendezvous  for  caravans 
from  Asia  trading  to  Constantinople,  and  1^  miles  south- 
ward is  the  plain  where  the  Turkish  forces  usually  assemble 
for  Asiatic  campaigns.  A  railway  extends  hence  56  miles 
to  Ismeed. 

Scutari,  or  Skatari  (called  by  the  Turks  hkande- 
reeyeh,  is-kin-d^h-ree'y^h ;  anc.  Scodra),  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  the  Boyana,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Lake  of  Scutari,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro  (Austrian 
Albania),  Lat.  42°  N. ;  Ion.  19°  38'  E.  Pop.  25,000,  about 
half  of  whom  are  Homan  Catholics.  Immediately  adjacent 
is  a  lofty  height  crowned  by  a  citadel,  and  containing  the 
residence  of  the  governor,  with  an  arsenal  and  barracks. 
Scutari  has  a  large  bazaar,  many  mosques,  churches,  sev- 
eral bridges,  some  yards  for  building  coasting-vessels,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  fire-arms.  Its  merchants 
are  reported  to  be  wealthy,  and  are  the  principal  traders  in 
West  Turkey  j  they  export  wool,  wax,  hides,  skins,  tobacco, 
and  dried  fish,  and  import  colonial  produce,  with  silk  fabrics 
and  other  manufactured  goods.  Sea-going  vessels  only  as- 
cend the  Boyana  some  miles  from  Scutari  to  Hobotti,  where 
are  warehouses  and  a  custom-house.  The  Lake  of  Scutari 
or  Zanta,  z&n'tS,  (anc.  Pa'lue  Lahea'tis),  is  20  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S. ;  average  breadth,  5  miles.  Besides  several 
other  rivers,  it  receives  the  Moratsha  at  its  N.  extremity. 
Scutari  is  on  the  S.  bank. 

ScyathuS)  the  ancient  name  of  Skiatho. 

Scyene,  si-een',  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  1 
mile  from  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Eailroad,  and  3  miles  from 
Mesquite  Station,  which  is  12  miles  E.  of  Dallas. 

Scylaceum,  the  ancient  name  of  Sqdillace. 

Scylla  and  Scyllseum.    See  ScioLio. 

Scyros  Island,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Sktros. 

Scytheville,  sith'viI,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  in  New  London  township,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of 
Concord.  It  has  manufactures  of  scythes  and  of  hosiery, 
and  a  tannery. 

Scythopolis,  Palestine.    See  Beisan. 

Sczloppa,  a  town  of  West  Prussia.    See  Schloppe. 

Sdili,  Grecian  Archipelago. '  See  Delos. 

Sea,  see,  a  post-ofBce  of  Houston  co.,  Tex. 

Seabeck,  see^bgk',  a  post-village  of  Kitsap  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  Uood's  Canal,  a  branch  of  Puget  Sound,  about 
60  miles  N.  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  large  lumber-mill,  and 
is  pai'tly  supported  by  ship-building.     Pop.  300. 

Sea'board,  a  post-village  in  Seaboard  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  68 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2576. 

Sea  Breeze,  a  steamboat-landing  and  bathing-place 
of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Delaware  Bay, 
70  miles  below  Philadelphia. 

Sea  Breeze,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Seabright,  see'brit,  a  post-village  in  Ocean  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch, 
and  26  miles  S.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Seabrook,  see'brook,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  & 
Potomac  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Seabrook,  a  post-village  in  Seabrook  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Portsmouth.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  ocean,  and  comprises  large  salt-marshes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1609. 

Seabrook,  a  station  in  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port 
Royal  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Beaufort. 

Sea  Cliff,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  B. 
of  Glen  Head  Station,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
Here  is  a  camp-meeting  ground. 

Seacombe,  see'kgmb,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  on  the  Mersey,  within  1  mile  of  Liverpool.  It  has 
a  great  number  of  elegant  residences,  a  handsome  church,  a 
chapel,  extensive  copper-  and  metal-mills,  smalt-works, 
and  a  foundry. 

Sea'croft,  a  village  and  township  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leeds. 

Sea'field,  a  post-office  and  station  of  White  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  railroad  between  Logansport  and  Watseka,  33  miles 
W.  of  Logansport. 

Sea'ford,  a  town  of  England,  in  Sussex,  on  the  sea,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Brighton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1357. 


Seaford,  see'fprd,  a  post-village  in  Seaford  hundred, 
Sussex  CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Nanticoke  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Dorchester  <t  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  84  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  33  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Cambridge,  Md.  Small  vessels  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  pli^pe.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  hotel,  and  a  newspaper  ofQce.  Pop.  in  1890, 1462 ; 
of  the  hundred,  3223. 

Seaford,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
southern  shore  of  Long  Island,  and  on  the  Southside  Rail- 
road, about  28  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     Pop.  in  1890,  503. 

Seaforth,  see'fprth,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Huron, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Goderich. 
It  has  a  branch  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, foundry,  woollen-mills,  several  hotels  and  churches, 
salt-wells,  and  extensive  exports  of  grain.     P.  (1891)2641. 

Sea  Girt,  a  station  and  summer  resort  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  adjacent  to 
Spring  Lake,  and  57  miles  by  rail  S.  of  New  York. 

Seago,  see'go,  a  station  in  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South 
western  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Macon. 

Seagrove,  New  Jersey.    See  Cape  May  Point. 

Seaham  Harbor,  England.    See  Dawdon. 

Seaborne,  Washington.     See  Sehome. 

Sea-Horse  Islands,  a  chain  of  islets  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  ofif  the  coast  of  Alaska.     Lat.  71°  N. ;  Ion.  159°  W. 

Seahorse  Key,  Florida.    See  Cedar  Keys. 

Sea-Horse  Point,  of  Canada,  is  the  E.  extremity  of 
Southampton  Island.     Lat.  63°  40'  N.;  Ion.  80°  10'  W. 

Seal,  seel,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  1451. 

Seal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eden  township,  Wyandot  co.,  0., 
5  miles  from  Nevada  Railroad  Station. 

Sealcote,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sealkote. 

Seal  Cove,  a  post- hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Tre- 
mont  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  and  on  the  S.W 
coast  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bucksport. 

Seal  Cove,  a  fishing-hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 9  miles  from  Old  Perlican.     Pop.  197. 

Seale,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  k  Girard  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  299. 

Seal'er's  Cove,  an  inlet  of  the  S.  coast  of  Australia, 
13  miles  E.  of  Wilson  Promontory. 

Seal  Island,  of  Canada,  is  in  the  Atlantic,  18  miles  W. 
of  Cape  Sable,  the  S.  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Seal  Island,  a  granitic  rock  off  the  S.  coast  of  Austra 
lia.     Lat.  34°  6'  S. ;  Ion.  120°  28'  E. 

Seal  Island,  of  Southwestern  Africa,  off  the  coast, 
about  midway  between  the  Orange  and  Koussie  Rivers. 

Seal  Islands,  a  small  cluster  at  the  entrance  of  Garia 
Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Seal  Islands,  or  Lobos  (lo'Boce)  Islands,  a  group 
of  three  small  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast 
of  Peru,  about  12  miles  distant  from  the  mainland.  The 
largest  and  northernmost  is  called  Lobos  de  Tierra  (lo'Boce 
di  te-jR'Ri),  about  5  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad.  The 
name  Lobos  (from  the  Spanish  loho,  or  lobo  marino,  a 
"  seal'),  was  given  on  account  of  the  number  of  seals  found 
on  the  shores.  Lat.  of  the  S.  point,  6°  29'  S. ;  Ion.  80°  53' 
W.     These  islands  contain  large  deposits  of  guano. 

Seal  Islands,  a  small  cluster  W.  by  S.  of  Grand 
Manan  Island.     Lat.  44°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  5'  30"  W. 

Sealkote,  or  Sealcote,  se-iPkot',  written  also  Sy- 
alkote  and  Shalkote,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Seal 
kote  district,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  25,337. 

Sealkote,  or  Sialkot,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
jab. Area,  1955  square  miles.  Capital,  Sealkote.  Pop 
1,005,004. 

Seal  River,  of  British  North  America,  enters  Hudsonj 
Bay  on  its  W.  side,  40  miles  N.W.  of  the  Churchill  River 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  200  miles. 

Sea  of  Cortes.     See  Gulp  of  California. 

Sea  of  Kamchatka,  Alaska.    See  BsHRiNa  Sea. 

Sea  of  Mindoro.    See  Sooloo  Sea. 

Sea  of  Sodom,  Palestine.    See  Dead  Sea. 

Sea  Plain,  a  post- village  of  Wall  township,  Monmout 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.  of  Long  Branch.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Seapo,  see'po,  a  post-village  in  Grant  township,  R< 
public  CO.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belleville, 
has  2  churches,  salt-springs,  and  a  manufactory  of  salt. 

Seard,  a  state  of  Brazil.     See  GearA. 

Sear'cy,  a  county  in   the  north   part  of  Arkans 
has  an  area  of  about  768  square  miles.    It  is  intersected  bj 
the  Buffalo  Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by 


SEA 


2425 


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branoh  of  Little  Red  River,  and  by  Richland,  Bear,  and 
Hoges  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  yellow 
pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Marshall.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5614;  in  1880,  7278;  in  1890,  9664. 

Searcy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  White  oo..  Ark.,  4 
miles  N.VV.  of  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  and  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
ofBces,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  in  1890,  1203. 
Searights,  see'rltes,  a  post-hamlet  in  Menallen  town- 
ship, Fayette  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  store. 

SearS}  seerz,  a  township  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  758. 
Sears,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Rock  Island  co..  III. 
Sears,  or  Orient,  o're-^nt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osceola 
eo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  12 
miles  £.  of  Hersey.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Searsborough,  seerz'biir-r&h,  a  post-village  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  Iowa,  20  miles  N.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches. 
Searsburg,  seerz'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  town- 
ship, Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ithaca. 
It  contains  a  church. 

Searsburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Searsburg  township,  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  about  15  miles  E. 
of  Bennington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  235. 

Searsmont,  seerz'mSnt,  a  post-village  in  Searsmont 
township,  Waldo  oo..  Me.,  on  St.  George  River,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Belfast,  and  32  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  several- saw -mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lime,  cheese,  leather,  furniture,  Ac  Pop.  of  township,  1418. 
Searsport,  seerz'port,  a  post- village  in  Searsport  town- 
ship, Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Belfast,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  pump-factory,  a 
spool-factory,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
ship-building  and  by  trade  in  ice,  whicn  is  shipped  here  in 
winter.     Pop.  about  1500 ;  of  the  township,  2282. 

Searstown,seerz't5wn,  a  village  in  South  Rock  Island 
township.  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Rock  Island  A  Mercer 
County  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Milan.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Searsville,  seerz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Mateo  co., 
Cal.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Searsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
B.  of  Thompson  Ridge,  and  17  miles  W.  of  Newburg. 

Sea  Side,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on 

the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  York. 

Sea  Side,  Accomack  co.,  Ya.    See  Mapsyille. 

Sea  Side  Park,  a  summer  resort  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J., 

on  Barnegat  Bay,  7  miles  E.  of  Toms  River,  on  a  narrow 

island  which  separates  the  bay  from  the  ocean. 

Seaton,  see't^n,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  English  Channel. 

Seaton- Carew^  see' tpn-ka^roo',  a  maritime  town  of 
England,  oo.  of  Durham,  2i  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Hartle- 
pool. It  has  several  good  inns,  lodging-houses,  baths,  and 
public  libraries,  and  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.  P.  804. 
Seattle,  se-at't^l,  a  city,  capital  of  King  co.,  Wash- 
ington, is  on  the  E.  shore  of  Puget  Sound,  about  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tacoma,  and  47  miles  N.E.  of  Olympia.  The  city 
is  finely  located,  and  its  harbor,  called  Elliott  Bay,  40  miles 
from  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca  and  130  miles  from  the 
open  Pacific,  affords  safe  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels. 
Lake  Washington,  about  20  miles  in  length  and  2  miles  in 
width,  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  city,  and  within 
its  limits  lies  Lake  Union.  The  transportation  facilities 
of  Seattle  include  the  service  of  4  railroads, — the  Great 
Northern,  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Columbia  A  Puget 
Sound,  and  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  A  Eastern.  The  city 
has  almost  100  miles  of  electric  and  cable  lines.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Washington  University  (organized  in  1872),  and 
has  also  a  custom-house.  United  States  court,  Ac,  3  colleges, 
1  academy,  1  seminary,  15  public  and  7  denominational 
schools,  about  60  churches,  20  banks,  4  daily  and  16  weekly 
newspapers,  a  number  of  monthly  periodicals,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  shingles,  machinery,  boilers,  beer, 
bricks,  tiles,  boots  and  shoes,  flour,  woollen  goods,  Ac. 
According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  capital  employed  in 
all  industries  reported  was  $4,284,707,  and  the  value  of  the 
annual  product  $9,207,195.  Leading  articles  of  export  are 
lumber,  coal,  hops,  and  fish  of  various  kinds.  Seattle  is 
the  base  of  supplies  for  the  coal-mines,  fisheries,  and  lum- 
ber-camps of  this  region.  Pop.  in  1880,  3533 ;  in  1890, 
42,837 ;  in  1892  (local  census),  57,542. 

Sea  View,  a  mountain  of  New  South  Wales.  It  is  6000 
feet  in  height. 

]i>8 


Seaview,  see'vn,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Sea  View,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  N.J.,  near  Delaware  Bay,  5i  miles  S.W.  of 
Fairton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Seaville,  see'vll,  a  post-oflSce  of  Washington  co.,  Ky. 

Seaville,  a  post- village  in  Dennis  township.  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  3  miles  from  Seavillfl 
Station  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  and  about  20  miles  S. 
of  May's  Landing.     It  has  a  church. 

Seba'go,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  oo..  Me.,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Sebago 
Lake.     Pop.  803. 

Sebago,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co..  Mo. 

Sebago  Lake,  Maine,  is  in  Cumberland  co.,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Cumberland  A  Oxford  Canal.  It  is  12  miles  long  and  8  miles 
wide.     Its  outlet  runs  southeastward  into  Casco  Bay. 

Sebago  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Standish  township, 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  at  the  S.  end  of  Sebago  Lake,  and  on 
the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Portland.  It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills  and  a  manufactory  of 
clothing. 

Sebando,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Chobaitdo. 

Sebaste.    See  Sebvas  and  Sebustieb. 

Sebastian,  se-bast'yan,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  which  is  navi- 
gable by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous, and  is  diversified  with  fertile  prairies,  and  forests 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sweet-gum,  yellow  pine,  and 
other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  pork,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  the  prominent  features  of  this 
county  is  the  Cortes  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Sugar  Loaf 
Range.  Bituminous  coal  is  abundant  here.  The  coal  of 
this  county  is  thicker  and  more  extensive  than  in  any  other 
part  of  the  state.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two  rail- 
roads. Capitals,  Fort  Smith  and  Greenwood.  Pop.  in 
1880,  19,560;  in  1890,  33,200. 

Sebastiansberg,  se-b&s'te-&ns-b£Ro\  or  Basberg, 
b&s'bdRG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Saatz. 

Sebas'ticook,  a  small  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  New- 
port Pond,  Penobscot  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters 
the  Kennebec  River  opposite  Waterville,  in  Kennebec  co. 
It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Sebastopol,  Russia.    See  Sevastopol. 

Sebastopol,  sgb-a6-to'p9l,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma 
CO.,  Cal.;  7  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Rosa,  and  about  50  miles 
N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Sebastopol,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co..  111.,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Highland  Station. 

Sebastopol,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Lake  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Sebastopol,  sSb-as-to'pgl,  a  suburb  of  Ballarat,  Vio- 
toria,  Australia.     Pop.  6496. 

Sebastopolis,  Asia  Minor.    See  Toorkhal. 

Se^bec',  a  post-village  in  Sebec  township,  Piscataquis 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  N.  of  Sebec 
Station,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  is  at  the 
outlet  or  E.  end  of  the  lake,  which  is  navigated  by  a  steam- 
boat. It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tub- 
factory,  and  2  lumber-mills.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Piscataquis  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  954. 

Sebec  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
in  Sebec  township,  on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Dover.     It  has  a  store. 

Sebee,  si'bee*,  or  ScAvee,  si'wee\  a  town  at  the  S. 
frontier  of  Afghanistan,  15  miles  E.  of  Dadur. 

Se  Bee'ro,  or  North  Po'ra  Island,  Indian  Ocean, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  of  the  N.  point,  0°  56' 
8.;  Ion.  98°  38'  E.     It  is  60  miles  in  length. 

Seben,  s&'b^n  (Hun.  Szeben,  s&'b^n^),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Saros,  on  the  Tarcza,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Epe- 
ries.     Pop.  2701.     It  hu  a  trade  in  wine,  spirits,  and  paper. 

Sebenico,  si-b&'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  42  miles 
S.E.  of  Zara,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Adriatic,  which  receives  the 
river  Kerka.  Pop.  5300.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  de- 
fended by  several  forts.  The  principal  edifice  is  a  lofty 
cathedral  of  curious  appearance,  but  magnificent  internally. 
The  town  has  various  buildings  of  Venetian  architecture, 
its  republic  having  voluntarily  annexed  itself  to  Venice  in 
991.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  rosoglio,  exports  of  wine, 
and  an  active  trade. 

Sebennytus,  the  ancient  name  of  Sehenood. 

Sebesh,  s&'bSsh  (Polish,  Siebiez,  8e-&'be-dzh),  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  95  miles  N.W.  of  Vitebsk,  be- 
tween Lakes  Sebesh  and  Woron.    Pop.  3211. 


SEE 


2426 


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Sebewa^  se'be-Tr%,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mioh., 
in  Danby  and  Sebewa  townships,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Portland, 
and  about  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  of  Sebewa  township,  1560. 

Sebewa  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  Grand  River  in 
Ionia  CO. 

Sebewaing)  se-be-wa'ing,  a  post-village  in  Sebewaing 
township,  Huron  oo.,  Mich.,  1  mile  from  the  E.  shore  of 
Saginaw  Bay,  and  28  or  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  Sour,  lumber,  and 
staves.     Pop.  in  1890,  719 ;  of  the  township,  1810. 

Sebha,  s&'b&,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  80  miles  N. 
of  Moorzook. 

SebnitZ)  sAb'nits,  a  village  of  PriHsian  Silesia,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1285. 

Sebnitz,  s&b'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  24  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Dresden.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  paper,  woollen 
cloth,  silk  stuffs,  Ac.     Pop.  6222. 

S6boncoart)  s4^b6N<>^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aisne,  arrondissement  of  Saint-Quentin.     Pop.  2372. 

Sebooy  Seboa,  or  Sebn,  s&^boo'  (anc.  Suburf),  or 
Mahmore,  m&-mo'r&?  a  river  of  Morocco,  descends  from 
a  ramification  of  the  Great  Atlas,  in  Fez,  flows  first  N.W,, 
then  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  160  miles,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  at  Mehediah.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Fez. 

Seboo'is  River,  or  East  Branch  of  the  Pen- 
ob'scot,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  runs 
S.,  and  enters  the  Penobscot  River  in  the  same  county. 

Se'bree,  or  Sebree  City,  a  post-village  of  Webster 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Sebree,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Fayette.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Se'bringville  (formerly  Black  Creek),  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
40i  miles  S.E.  of  Goderioh.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  stave-  and  carriage- factories,  3  hotels, 

4  stores,  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  500. 
Sebus,  or  Sebous,  Algeria.    See  Seibous. 
Sebustieh,  si^bus'tee-^h  (anc.  Sama'ria,  afterwards 

Sehaste),  a  village  of  Palestine,  on  a  hill,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Nabloos.  It  is  tolerably  built,  and  its  hill  is  covered 
with  fine  gardens  and  plantations,  interspersed  with  nu- 
merous remains  of  antiquity,  such  as  a  church  erected  over 
a  sepulchre  reputed  the  burial-place  of  John  the  Baptist ; 
some  columns  of  a  temple,  and  portions  of  a  long  colon- 
nade, probably  erected  by  Herod  the  Great.  Samaria  was 
founded  by  Omri,  B.C.  925,  and  from  that  time  until  the 
Captivity,  B.C.  720,  it  continued  to  be  the  capital  of  the  ten 
tribes  of  Israel.  It  afterwards  gave  name  to  the  province 
of  Samaria,  and  under  Herod  resumed  considerable  im- 
portance ;  but  it  appears  to  have  decayed  as  early  as  the 
fourth  century  of  our  era. 

Seca,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  La  Seca. 

Secaucas,  se-kaw'kus,  a  station  of  the  Erie  Railroad, 

5  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Secchia,  sSk'ke-i  (anc.  Se'cia,  or  Oabel'lus),  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  flows  N.N.E.  through  Mo- 
dena,  and  falls  into  the  Po  12  miles  S.E.  of  Mantua.  Total 
course,  70  miles. 

Sechlersville,  sek'I^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hixton 
township,  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Trempealeau  River,  1 
mile  from  Hixton  Station  of  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota 
Railroad,  about  42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sechore,  a  town  of  India.     See  Seehorb. 

Sechshaus,  sSks'bowss,  or  Sechsh^nsel,  siks'hoi^- 
z^l,  a  village  of  Austria,  near  Vienna,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Weir.     Pop.  10,987. 

Se-Chuen,  si^choo^fin',  written  also  Se-Tchueu  and 
Sse>Tchuan,  a  large  province  of  China,  mostly  between 
lat.  26°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  101°  and  110°  E.,  having  W. 
Thibet,  and  on  the  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Kan- 
Soo,  Shen-See,  Hoo-Pe,  Koei-Choo,  and  Yun-Nan.  Area, 
166,880  square  miles.  Pop.  21,435,678.  Its  W.  part  is  a 
maze  of  mountains.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Yang-tse-Kiang, 
to  which  all  its  other  rivers  are  tributary.  It  produces 
sugar,  silk,  and  oranges,  but  its  chief  products  are  rhubarb, 
drugs,  musk,  and  metals.     Its  chief  city  is  Ching-Too-Foo. 

Sechura,  si-choo'rS,,  a  town  of  North  Peru,  department 
of  Trujillo,  25  miles  S.S.W,  of  Piura,  on  the  river  Piura, 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Seckenheim,  sSk'k^n-hime^  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
the  Neckar,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3148. 

Seckingen,  a  town  of  Baden.     See  Sackinqen. 

Seclin,  s§h-kl3,N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Northern  Railway,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  4374.     It 


has  tanneries,  oil-mills,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  ooU 
ton  fabrics,  and  sugar. 

Seclusion,  se-klu'zhun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lavaca  oo., 
Tex.,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Se'co,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  60  miles  W,N,W.  of  Corinne. 

Seco  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Bandera  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Medina  co.,  and  enters  Rio  Hondo  about  T 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sec'ond  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co,,  W. 
Va.,  6  miles  from  Ronceverte  Station.  It  has  a  flour-milf 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Second  Falls,  or  Upper  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Charlotte  co..  New  Brunswick,  9  mUes  from  St.  George.  It 
has  several  saw-mills  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop,  500. 

Secondigliano,  si-kon-deel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  3  miles  N,  of  Naples.     Pop.  5469. 

Sec'ondine,  a  station  in  Wyandotte  co,,  Kansas,  ott 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Second  Lake,  Wisconsin.    See  Four  Lakes. 

Se'cor,  a  post- village  of  Woodford  co..  111.,  in  Palestine 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  El  Paso,  and  26  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  3  churchea 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  407, 

Se'cret  Springs,  a  post-oflBce  of  Clay  co,,  Tex. 

Secrole,  or  Sikrol,  se-krol',  a  town  of  British  India,, 
just  N.W.  of  Benares,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  Here  are 
cantonments,  a  palace  of  the  maharajah,  a  government 
college,  and  fine  public  buildings. 

Secunderabad,  se-kiin^d^r-a-b&d',  a  European  statioa 
in  India,  head-quarters  of  the  British  force  in  the  Nizam's 
dominions,  3  miles  N.of  Hyderabad,  and  358  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Madras.  Lat.  17°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  33'  E.  It  has  large 
cantonments,  excellent  bazaars,  shops  kept  by  Parsees  and 
others,  European  rooms  where  balls  are  held,  a  theatre,  a 
race-ground,  and  public  libraries  ;  and  close  to  it  is  a  lake 
about  15  miles  in  circumference,  the  banks  of  which  are  a 
favorite  morning  and  evening  resort  of  the  European  com- 
munity.    Pop.,  exclusive  of  garrison,  34,367. 

Secun^derabad',  or  Sikandarabad,  se-kunM«r- 
^bid',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Boolundshahur.     Pop.  18,349. 

SeVunderpoor',  or  Sikandarpnr,  se^kun-d^r- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district.     Pop.  5239. 

Secundra,  se-kun'dri,  a  town  of  British  India,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Agra,  and  having  the  mausoleum  of  the  Emperor 
Akbar,  with  extensive  ruins. 

Secun^drara'o,  or  Sikandra  Rao,se-kiln'dr&  r&'o, 
a  town  of  India,  Alighur  district.     Pop.  11,988. 

Secu'rity,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La.,  on 
Black  River,  28  miles  W.  of  Natchez,  Miss. 

Sedalia,se-da'le-a,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Col., 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Den- 
ver, and  5  miles  from  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Sedalia,  a  post-village  in  Owen  township,  Clinton  co,,^ 
Ind,,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  A,  Southwestern 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  warehouses  for  grain.  Pop> 
about  300. 

Sedalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
Mayfield. 

Sedalia,  a  city,  capital  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  is  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Missouri,^ 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Lexing- 
ton Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  189  miles  W. 
of  St.  Louis,  94  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City,  35  miles  S.W, 
of  Boonville,  and  111  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Scott,  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  an  opera-house,  a  high  school  with  a 
brick  building  which  cost  $40,000,  4  national  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  IS  churches,  and  a  $100,000  court-house. 
This  city  is  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  has  electric 
street-railways.  Holly  water-works  which  cost  $125,000,  3 
flouring-mills,  a  large  grain-elevator,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  farming-implements,  machinery,  wagons,, 
and  railroad-cars.  Here  are  located  the  machine-shops 
and  car-works  of  the  railroads  above  named.  Two  daily 
and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1870,. 
4560  5  in  1880,  9561;  in  1890,  14,068;  in  1894,  16,000. 

Sedalia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  S.C.,  12  mile? 
S.W.  of  Union  Court-House,  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Se'damsville,  a  former  village  of  Hamilton  co,,  0,, 
now  forming  the  21st  ward  of  Cincinnati.  The  name  is 
still  applied  to  its  railroad  station  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi 
Railroad  (3  miles  W.  of  the  initial  station),  also  to  one  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad. 

Sedan,  seh-dftjso',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on 
the  Mouse,  13  miles  by  rail  E,S,E,  of   M^ziSres.     Po» 


SED 


2427 


SEE 


16,862.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  school  of  design, 
and  in  its  principal  square  a  bronze  statue  of  Turenne,  born 
here  in  1611.  The  citadel,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
town,  contains  a  large  arsenal.  Sedan  is  the  centre  of  an 
extensive  manufacture  of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  leather, 
arms,  hardwares,  barrels,  beet  sugar,  and  linen  yarn;  it 
has  an  active  trade  in  agricultural  produce.  In  order  to 
facilitate  navigation,  a  canal  has  been  formed  along  the  left 
bank  of  the  Meuse.  Sedan  was  long  an  independent  prin- 
cipality, and  was  united  to  France  under  Louis  XIII.  It 
had  a  celebrated  Protestant  university  till  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes.  It  is  noted  for  the  great  German 
victory  over  the  French,  September  1-2,  1870. 

Se^dan',  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Sedan  (formerly  Lawrence),  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
land township,  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  B.  of  Kendallville. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wash- 
ing-machines.    Pop.  176. 

Sedan^  a  station  in  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Bur- 
lington <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Centre- 
ville,  and  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomfield. 

SedaU)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Sedan  township,  on  Caney  (or  Cana)  River,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Independence.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  970. 

Sedan,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Sedan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  about  18  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Sedan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Ya.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Winchester,  Va.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Sedashoogur,  si-di^shoo-gur',  or  Sodashava- 
ghur,  so-d4^8hi-v4-gur',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Bombay,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goa. 

Sedbergh,  sfld'b^rg,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  12 
miles  E.  of  Kendall.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  of  township,  1593. 

SedMon,  or  Bland  Conrt-House,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  20  miles  N.  of  Wytheville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  court-bouse,  a  cabinet-shop,  3  dry-goods 
stores,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  360. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bland  Court-House. 

Sedella,  Bk-T>iVjh,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1793. 

Sedge'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Durham.     Pop.  of  township,  2098. 

Sedge'moor,  a  wild  tract  of  England,  oo.  of  Somerset, 
extending  in  a  S.E.  direction  from  Bridgewater.  It  was  in 
1685  the  scene  of  the  defeat  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth's 
forces  by  the  troops  of  James  II. 

Sedger,  sfid'j^r,  Se^ars,  (?)  or  San  Jn'an  (Sp.  pron. 
sin  Hoo-in'),  a  river  of  Patagonia,  falls  into  Port  Famine, 
in  the  Strait  of  Magellan. 

Sedge's  (sgj'ia)  Gar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth 
CO.,  N.C.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winston. 

Sedgewick,  sSj'wik,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton. 

Sedgewickville,  Bollinger  co..  Mo.  See  Smithville. 

Sedgwick,  sgj'wik,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little 
Arkansas  and  Ninne  Scab  Rivers  and  Cowskin  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Ninety-nine  per  cent,  of  this  county  is  said  to 
be  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  several  other  railroads,  which  cen- 
tre at  Wichita,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  1095;  in  1876, 
8310;  in  1877,  13,414;  in  1880,  18,763;  in  1890,  43,626. 

Sedgwick,  or  Sedgwick  City,  a  post-village  of 
Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  is  near  the  Little  Arkansas  River, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <k  Santa  F6  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newton,  and  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Wichita.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  and 
a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  652. 

Sedgwick,  a  post-village  in  Sedgwick  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Belfast,  and  42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1113. 

Sedgwick,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Mo. 

Sedgwick  Mines,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  and  at  Sedgwick  Station  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad  (Pittsburg  division),  63  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

Sedilo,  si-dee'lo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Oristano.     Pon.  2640. 


Sedini,  s&-dee'nee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Sassari.     Pop.  1444. 

Sedlczany,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Seltschan. 

Sedlitz,  sdd'lits,  or  Sedletz,  written  also  Seidlitz, 
sid'lits,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Saatz.  It 
is  famous  for  mineral  springs  containing  sulphates  of  soda 
and  magnesia,  which  are  exported  in  large  quantities. 

Sedo,  s&'do,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Foota-Toro.  Lat.  15" 
29'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  42'  W.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Sedunam,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Sioir. 

Seea'nnh,  or  Siyana,  8ee-&'na,  a  town  of  India,  in 
Boolundshahur.    Lat.  28°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  9'  E.     P.  6744. 

Seeberg,  s&'bdRO,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1996. 

Seebgnnge,  seeb^gQnj',  or  Saifgaqj*  saPganj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Purneah  district.  Lat.  25°  32'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  37'  36"  E.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  blankets. 
Pop.,  with  contiguous  villages,  10,000. 

Seebsan'gor,  or  Sibsagar,  seeb-si'gar,  a  town  of 
Assam,  capital  of  Seebsaugor  district,  150  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Nowgong.     Pop.  6278. 

Seebsangor,  or  Sibsagar,  a  district  in  the  extreme 
N.E.  of  Assam,  British  India,  bounded  N.W.  by  the  Brah- 
mapootra. Area,  2413  square  miles.  Capital,  Seebsaugor. 
Pop.  296,589. 

Seebarg,  si'bSSRG,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Bischofsstein.     Pop.  2926. 

Seedas,  or  Sidas,  see^d&s'  (anc.  Saittm),  a  village  of 
Asia  Minor,  N.W.  of  Ala-Shehr  (Philadelphia).  In  the 
vicinity  are  the  remains  of  ancient  buildings. 

Seedlaw  Hills.    See  Sidlaw. 

Seedorf,  si'donr,  a  village  ofSwitzerland,  canton  and 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2649. 

See'iingan,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wioklow,  5i 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Blessington.     Height,  2364  feet. 

Seehausen,  si'hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Aland,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Perleberg.     Pop.  3966. 

Seehausen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  16  miles  W. 
of  Magdeburg,  with  3083  inhabitants,  and  the  ruins  of  an 
establishment  of  the  Knights  Templars. 

Seehore,  see^hor',  a  town  of  India  in  the  Kattywar 
peninsula,  12  miles  W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Cambay.     P.  10,028. 

See'horn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Adams  co.,  111., 
on  the  Quincy,  Alton  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Quincy. 

See-Kao-Shan,  or  Si-Kao-Chan,  see  k&'o  sh&n, 
a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  in  lat.  41° 
2'  N.,  Ion.  115°  56'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

See-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Hong-Kiang. 

See'konk,  a  post-office  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in  See- 
konk  township,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Providence,  R.I.  The 
township  contains  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1317. 

See'land  (Fr.  pron.  siMftud' ;  Ger.  pron.  si'lint),  Sea- 
land,  Zeeiand,  Zealand,  zee'l&nd,  or  Sieland  (Dan. 
Sjselland,  sySl'lind ;  L.  Seelan'dia),  the  largest  and  most 
important  of  the  islands  of  Denmark,  lying  between  the 
Cattegat  and  the  Baltic  Sea.  Lat.  64°  67'  35"  to  66°  7' 
40"  N.;  Ion.  10°  54'  to  12°  40'  E.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Cattegat ;  W.  by  the  Great  Belt,  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  island  of  Funen ;  S.  by  the  Great  Belt 
and  channels,  separating  it  from  the  islands  of  Laaland, 
Falster,  and  Moen;  S.E.  by  the  Baltic;  and  E.  by  the 
sound,  at  its  narrowest  only  3  miles  wide,  separating  it 
from  Sweden.  Its  shape  is  very  irregular,  and  its  shores 
are  much  indented,  especially  in  the  S.W.,  where  it  is 
washed  by  the  Baltic.  Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  81 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  66  miles;  area,  2840  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  for  the  most  part  flat,  and,  especially  on  the 
S.W.  and  the  middle  of  the  E.  const,  is  very  little  raised 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  highest  land  is  in  the  S., 
but  its  elevation  never  exceeds  200  feet.  The  soil  is  an 
alluvium  of  great  fertility,  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of 
barley  and  rye,  which  form  the  principal  crops.  Horses, 
sheep,  and  cattle  are  numerous.  Wood,  which  at  one  time 
stretched  in  extensive  forests,  has  been  much  diminished. 
The  supply  of  fuel  would  be  inadequate  were  it  not  com- 
pensated by  tracts  of  turf  or  peat.  The  climate  of  Soeland, 
owing  to  its  low  surface  and  insular  position,  is  much  milder 
than  its  latitude  indicates.  The  worst  feature  in  the  cli- 
mate is  its  humidity,  with  the  consequent  prevalence  of 
rains  and  mists.  The  Suus-Aa,  which  falls  into  the  Nest- 
ved-Fiord,  is  the  most  important  stream,  having  a  circu- 
itous course  of  about  50  miles.  Seeland  is  the  seat  of  the 
principal  manufactures  of  Denmark.     For  administrative 

Eurposes  the  island  is  divided  into  6  an^s,  which  compre- 
end  not  merely  Seeland  proper,  but  a  number  of  small 
islands  that  line  its  coasts.    Of  these  the  principal  are 


SEE 


2428 


SEG 


Moen,  Amager,  and  Saltholm.  Its  capital  is  Copenhagen, 
whioh  is  also  the  capital  of  the  whole  Danish  dominions. 
Pop.  637,711.  The  name  Sbeland  ("sea-land")  has  refer- 
ence to  its  being  surrounded  by  the  sea. 

See'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Neb.,  7  miles  N. 
of  Qrafton  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

See'Iey's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Eideau  Canal,  23  miles  from  Kingston.  It  contains 
5  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Seelow,  si'lSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 15  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3519. 

SeelOAVitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Sblowitz. 

See'ly,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  386. 

Seely  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Elmira  &  State  Line  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira. 

See'lyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind,,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Yandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Terre  Haute. 

Seelyville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  0.,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Belle  Valley  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Seelyville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Honesdale.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  machine-shop, 
a  saw-mill,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  &o. 

Seemleah,  seem'le-&,  a  town  of  Central  India,  do- 
minion and  S.W.  of  Indore. 

Seem'ly,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  30  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Danville.     Here  are  several  artesian  wells. 

Seena,  eee'nk,  a  river  of  India,  after  a  S.E.  course  of 
180  miles,  joins  the  Beemah  20  miles  S.  of  Solapoor.  X|ie 
towns  of  Ahmednuggur  and  Solapoor  are  on  its  banks, 
and  in  most  part  of  its  extent  it  flows  between  the  Bombay 
presidency  and  the  territory  of  the  Nizam. 

Seenee,  a  river  of  Ashantee.    See  Ancober. 

See- Ngan ,  or  Si- Ngan ,  see-ng&n',  written  also  Sian , 
ae-in',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shen-See,  capital  of  a 
department,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hoei-Ho.  Lat.  34°  12' 
N.;  Ion.  108°  40'  E.  It  is  large,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  the 
principal  military  depot  for  the  N.  provinces  of  China. 

Seengen,  s^n'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of  Hallwyl,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1463. 

See-Ning-Foo  (Si-Ning-Fon),  see-ning-foo',  a 
town  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  on  a  river  of  its  own 
name,  118  miles  N.W.  of  Lan-Choo. 

See'pra,  a  river  of  India,  having  its  rise  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Vindhya  mountain-range,  in  lat.  22°  37'  N., 
Ion.  76°  12'  E.  It  has  a  sinuous  N.W.  course  of  120  miles, 
receiving  on  its  left  side  the  small  river  Kaund,  40  miles 
from  its  source,  passes  the  towns  of  Oojein  and  Maheid- 
poor,  and  falls  into  the  Chumbul  on  the  right,  in  lat.  23° 
64'  N.,  Ion.  75°  29'  E. 

Seer,  or  Sir,  seer,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus  River,  in 
Sinde,  continuous  with  the  Pinyaree  Branch,  and  N.W.  of 
the  Koree  mouth. 

Seerb,  a  Turkish  name  of  Servia. 

Seer^poor',  or  Sheer^poor',  a  town  of  India,  Can- 
deish  district,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dhoolia.  Pop.  6570.  See 
also  Sheerpoor. 

Seesen,  si'z^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  Brunswick,  on  the 
Schildau,  12  miles  W.  of  Goslar.  Pop.  3378.  It  has  an 
old  castle,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  oil,  and  iron-wares. 

See- Shan,  or  Si- Chan,  see-shin',  a  mountain  of 
China,  in  Shan-See.     Lat.  39°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  112°  15'  E. 

Seetamow,  or  Seetamhow,  8ee'ti-m5w',  a  town  of 
India,  in  the  Gwalior  dominions,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ma- 
heidpoor. 

Seetamurhee,  or  Sitamarhi,  see^ti-miir'hee,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  in  Mozuflferpoor.  Lat.  26°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
32'  E.     Pop.  5496.     It  has  a  large  trade  and  many  temples. 

SeeUapoor',  or  Sitapur,  seeHa-poor',  also  called 
CheeUapoor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Seetapoor  dis- 
trict and  division,  60  miles  N.  of  Luoknow.     Pop.  5780. 

Seetapoor,  a  division  of  India,  in  Oude,  of  which  it 
forms  the  AY.  and  N.W.  portion.  Area,  7588  square  miles. 
Capital,  Seetapoor.  Pop.  2,603,619.  Seetapoor  District  is 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  division,  of  which  it  forms  the  most 
densely  peopled  share.  Area,  2250  square  miles.  Capital, 
Seetapoor.     Pop.  930,224. 

See  Vas',  or  Sivas,  seeVis'  (anc. Cafit'ro  and  Sebaa'te), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  the  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its 
own  name,  is  situated  in  an  extensive  plain,  near  the  Kizil- 
Irmak,  60  miles  S.  of  Tokat.  Lat.  39°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  about 
37°  E.  Pop.  about  6000  families.  Its  houses  are  inter- 
spersed with  gardens,  and  its  numerous  minarets  give  it  a 
oneerful  appearance.  It  has  many  old  mosques  and  khans, 
a  castle,  bazaars  well  supplied  with  goods,  manufactures  of 
coarse  woollens  and  other  fabrics,  and  a  considerable  transit 


and  import  trade.  Near  it,  Mithridates  was  defeated  by 
LucuUus,  and  Bajazet  by  Tamerlane. 

Seevas,  Sivas,  seeVis',  or  Room,  room,  a  vilayet  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  comprising  portions  of  Asia  Minor  and 
Turkish  Armenia,  between  lat.  38°  30'  and  41°  40'  N.  and 
Ion.  33°  30'  and  39°  40'  E.,  having  N.  the  Black  Sea.  It 
is  traversed  from  W.  to  E.  by  the  chain  of  Anti-Taurus. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Yeshil-Irmak,  in  its  centre, 
the  Euphrates,  on  its  E.,  and  the  Kizil-Irmak  (anc.  Ealya), 
on  its  W.  frontier.  The  products  consist  of  wheat,  maize, 
barley,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  silk,  tobacco,  cotton,  wine,  timber, 
wool,  fruit,  honey,  copper,  lead,  iron,  and  marble.  Largo 
herds  of  cattle  and  sheep  are  fed  on  the  plains.  Camels  and 
buffaloes  are  the  chief  beasts  of  burden. 

Seevergem,  s4'v§r-Ghfim\  a  village  of  Belgium,  on 
the  Scheldt,  4  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1254. 

Seewah,  Africa.    See  El  Seewah. 

Seez,  si,  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Alenfon,  on  the  Orne.  Pop.  3760.  It  has  a  cathedral  of 
the  twelfth  century,  an  episcopal  palace,  and  cotton-manu- 
factories wrought  by  steam. 

Sefakin,  si^fi-keen',  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  in  Ye- 
men, 65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sana. 

Sefan,  se-fin',  Sifan,  see^fin',  or  Soofan,  soo^fin', 
the  easternmost  portion  of  Thibet,  bordering  on  the  Chinese 
provinces  of  Se-Chuen  and  Kan-Soo,  and  extending  from 
lat.  28°  to  36°  N.,  bordering  N.  on  Lake  Koko-Nor.  Its 
chief  river  is  the  Yang-tse-Kiang, 

Sefeed  Rood,  or  Sefid  Rud,  s^f'eed'  rood  ("white 
river"),  written  also  Sufleid  Rud,  a  river  of  Persia, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Zenjan  and  some  other  rivers 
with  the  Kizil-Oozen,  near  Mianna,  flows  at  first  S.E.,  be- 
tween the  provinces  of  Irak-Ajemee  and  Azerbaijan,  and 
then  N.E.  through  Ghilan,  and  enters  the  Caspian  Sea  by 
several  mouths,  30  miles  E.  of  Reshd.  At  15  miles  from 
the  sea  it  divides  into  2  principal  branches,  forming  a  delta, 
in  which  is  the  town  of  Lahajan.  Its  lower  part  is  of  con- 
siderable breadth  and  depth,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded 
by  shifting  sands.  At  its  principal  mouth  is  a  large  stur- 
geon-fishery.    Chief  affluent,  the  Shah  Rood. 

Seffin,  serfeen',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Mesopo- 
tamia, N.  of  Eakka.  During  the  seventh  century,  in  the 
period  of  110  days,  90  conflicts  between  the  adherents  of 
Alee  and  of  Moaweeyah  took  place  in  its  vicinity,  in  which 
it  is  believed  that  70,000  Mohammedans  perished. 

Sefisia,  or  Seficifa.    See  Ain-Sefisifa. 

Sefoorieh,  or  Sefnrieh,  si-foo'ree-^h  (anc.  Seppho'- 
rxa  and  Diocaaarea),  a  village  of  Palestine,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Acre,  at  the  foot  of  a  height,  on  which  are  the  ruins  of  a 
large  castle. 

Sef'ton,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  111.    Pop.  1227. 

Segal,  8§h-gil',  a  small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
France,  department  of  Finist^re. 

Seg^amet',  or  Muar,  moo-ar',  a  state  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  about  lat.  2°  N.,  Ion.  103°  E.     Pop.  2400. 

Segars,  Patagonia.    See  Sedger. 

Segeberg,  si'gh^h-bSRoS  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  on  the  Trave,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hamburg.  It  haa 
manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  5044. 

Segedin,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Szegedik. 

Segelmesa,  sSg-Sl-mds'&,  or  Sigilmessa,  sigHI-mis'- 
s&,  written  also  Sugulmessa,  a  town  of  Morocco,  E.  of 
Mount  Atlas,  near  the  Ziz,  in  lat.  31°  10'  N.,  Ion.  2°  20'  W, 

Segelsem,  si'Gh^ls-Sm^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  14i  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1695. 

Segestica,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Hiniesta. 

Segesvar,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Schassbdrg. 

Segicler,  sfig-ik'l^r  or  sfig'ik^l?r,  a  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Ushak,  with  various  remains,  sup- 
posed to  be  those  of  the  ancient  Sebaste, 

Segna,  the  Italian  name  of  Zengg. 

Segnes  (sdg'nis)  Pass,  East  Switzerland,  between 
Qlarus  and  the  Grisons,  is  14  miles  N.W.  of  Chur,  and  7500 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  was  crossed  by  Suwarow  in  his  re- 
treat before  the  French,  October,  1799. 

Segni,  sfin'yee  or  sain'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Rome,  13  miles  E.  of  Velletri.  Pop.  5647.  It  has  a 
cathedral. 

Sego,  si'go,  or  Segozero,  si-go-zi'ro,  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, government  of  Olonets,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Onega. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  20  miles  each.  It  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  N.E.  into  Lake  Vigo. 

Se'go,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Bambarra,  on  the  Joliba.  Lat.  13°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  W.  Es- 
timated pop.  30,000,  a  mixture  of  negroes,  Moors,  and 
Foolahs.  It  consists  of  an  aggregation  of  fortified  quarters, 
in  one  of  which  is  a  royal  residence.    The  houses  are  of 


SEG 


2429 


SEl 


elay,  square,  and  flat-roofed.  It  has  numerous  mosques, 
and  is  the  seat  of  considerable  traffic. 

Se'go,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Hutchinson. 

Sego,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  13  or  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Zanesville,     Pop.  33. 

SegodDnuni)  the  ancient  name  of  Rodez. 

Segontium,  the  ancient  name  of  Carnarvon. 

S6gonzac,  si^giN-'zik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente, 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Cognac.     Pop.  of  commune,  2809. 

Segorbe^  s4-g0R'bA  (ano.  Segoh'riga),  a  city  of  Spain, 
province  and  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana, 
near  the  Palencia,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Murviedro.  Lat.  39° 
54'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  30'  "W.  Pop.  7232.  It  has  squares  orna- 
mented with  public  fountains,  a  cathedral,  and  manufac- 
tures of  earthenware,  paper,  starch,  and  brandy.    - 

Segovia,  se-go've-»  (Sp.  pron.  si-go've-i;  Fr.  SSgovie, 
si^goVee'),  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid.  Lat. 
41°  N. ;  Ion.  4°  17'  W.  It  is  encircled  by  walls,  with  round 
towers,  built  by  Alonzo  VI.,  and  has  an  alcazar,  the  great 
keep  of  which  is  studded  with  angular  turrets.  It  is  en- 
tered by  five  gates,  besides  several  smaller  entrances.  The 
streets  are  very  narrow,  tortuous,  and  ill  paved ;  and  the 
houses,  many  of  which  were  once  inhabited  by  noblemen, 
have  a  quaint,  old-fashioned  appearance.  Its  most  remark- 
able edifice  is  the  Roman  aqueduct,  which  begins  near  the 
monastery  of  St.  Gabriel  and  has  an  entire  length  of  2921 
feet.  The  number  of  arches  is  170,  some  of  which  rise  102 
feet  above  the  valley.  This  noble  work  is  constructed  of 
granite,  and  unites  simplicity,  solidity,  and  utility.  It  was 
broken  down  in  1071  by  the  Moors  of  Toledo,  who  sacked 
Segovia  and  destroyed  35  arches.  It  remained  in  ruins  till 
1483,  when  Juan  Escovedo,  a  monk,  reconstructed  it. 

On  the  river  Eresma  stands  the  mint,  where  all  the 
national  coinage  was  formerly  struck,  as  the  river  afforded 
water-power,  and  the  adjoining  alcazar  was  the  treasury. 
The  other  principal  buildings  are  the  cathedral,  one  of  the 
finest  in  Spain,  numerous  other  churches  and  convents,  an 
episcopal  palace,  a  school  of  artillery,  where  arms  and  pro- 
jectiles are  manufactured,  an  institute  for  the  higher 
branches  of  education,  with  a  library,  a  theological  school, 
an  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  a  picture-gallery,  a  foundling 
hospital,  and  numerous  other  charitable  institutions,  a 
theatre,  and  a  strong  prison.  The  former  prosperity  of 
Segovia  depended  on  its  wool  and  cloth  manufactures,  with 
which  it  supplied  the  principal  markets  in  Europe;  but 
every  branch  of  industry  is  reduced,  there  being  only  a 
limited  manufacture  of  paper,  silver-work,  <fco.  Near  it 
are  mines  of  lead  and  copper,  and  quarries  of  black  marble. 

During  the  Moorish  ascendency  it  was  a  seat  of  govern- 
ment, and  subsequently  some  of  the  monarchs  of  Castile 
resided  here.  On  June  7,  1808,  Segovia  was  entered  and 
sacked  by  the  French,  who  held  it  till  1814.  Pop.,  once 
above  30,000,  now  reduced  to  10,339. 

Segovia,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  Area, 
2714  square  miles.     Capital,  Segovia.     Pop.  150,812. 

Segowlie,  or  Sagaali,  s^-guw'lee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
in  Chumparun,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Moteeharee,  with  canton- 
ments.    Pop.  5643. 

Segozero,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Sego. 

Segre,  s^'gri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  rises  in 
the  Pyrenees,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles, 
joins  the  Ebro  at  Mequinenza. 

Segr6,  s^h-gri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
on  the  Oudon,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  2212. 

Segrie,  s§h-gree',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Mamers.     Pop.  1725. 

Segain,  se^gwin',  a  small  island  off  the  mouth  of  Ken- 
nebec River,  Me.  On  it  is  a  light-house  200  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  43°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  44'  W. 

Seguin,  s%-gheen',  a  post-town,  capital  of  Guadalupe 
u).,  Tex.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  about  60  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Austin,  and  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  is 
1  mile  from  Seguin  Station  of  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  A 
San  Antonio  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  fine 
court-house,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  high  schools,  8 
churches,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1716. 

Segnndo,  si-goon'do,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, rises  in  the  sierras  of  Cordova,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  the 
city  of  that  name,  flows  E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  130 
miles,  is  lost  in  a  marshy  lake,  90  miles  W.  of  Santa  F4. 

Segara,  s&-goo'r&,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Murcia  and  Va- 
lencia, after  an  E.  course  of  180  miles,  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean at  Guardamar.  The  principal  affluents  are  the 
Guadalentid  and  Quipar  from  tne  S.  and  the  Mundo  from 
the  N.     It  feeds  numerous  canals. 


Segnra,  a  sierra  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  stretching 
from  S.W.  to  N.E.  through  the  provinces  of  Albacete, 
Granada,  and  Jaen  for  about  150  miles,  joining  the  sierra 
of  Alcaraz. 

Segara  de  Leon,  8&-goo'r&  di,  l&-5n',  a  town  of 
Spain,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3098. 

Segnsianornm  Fornm,  France.    See  Feurs. 

Segnsinm,  the  ancient  name  of  SngA. 

Sehajpoor,  sA-hij-poor',  or  Sohagepoor,  so-h&j- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  30  miles  E.  of  Hoshungabad.  P.  7557. 

Seharnnpoor,  or  Saharanpui,  s^-har^un-poor',  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Seharunpoor  district,  88  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  in  1891,  63,194. 

Seharnnpoor,  a  district  of  India,  North-West  Prov- 
inces.  Area,  2217  square  miles.  Capital,  Seharunpoor. 
Pop.  884,017. 

Sehdine,  sdhMeen'(?),  a  town  of  Burmah,  20  miles  S 
by  W.  of  Shembeghewn,  on  the  road  to  Aracan. 

Se'home,  or  Seahome,  see'hSm,  a  post-village  of 
Whatcom  co.,  Washington,  on  Bellingham  Bay,  1  mile 
from  Whatcom  Court-House,  and  about  85  miles  N.  of 
Seattle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Sehon,  Asia  Minor.     See  Sthoon. 

Sehore,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Seehore. 

Sehwan,  se-win',  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Indus,  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hyderabad.  Pop. 
4294.     See  also  Aligunge. 

Seiad  (si'id)  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Seiberlingsville,  sl'b^r-lingz-vn,  or  Seiberling- 
ville,  si'b^r-ling-vll,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Allentown. 

Seibous,  Seibns,  or  Seybouse,  srboos'  (ano.  Su- 
bricatua),  a  river  of  Algeria,  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  Bona, 
near  the  town  of  Bona.     Length,  100  miles. 

Seidabad,  s&-d&-b&d',  several  villages  of  Persia,  prov 
inces  of  Azerbaijan,  Kerman,  and  Koordistan. 

Seidau,  si'dSw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  1  mile  W.  of  Baut- 
zen.    Pop.  2727. 

Seid  el  Ghazy,  sid  il  g&'zee,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eskee  Shehr,  with  remains  of  antiquity. 

Seidel's  (si'd^lz)  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tex.,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Brenham.  It  is  a  business  centre  or 
trading-place. 

Seidenberg,  si'd^n-biRS^  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.    Pop.  1519. 

Seidersville,  si'd^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northamp- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  about  4  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a 
cigar-factory. 

Seidi  Shehr,  s&'dee  shdh'r,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh.  It  comprises  from  400  to  500 
houses.     See  also  Beg-Sbeher  Lake. 

Seidlitz,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Sedutz. 

Seifenberg,  si'f§n-bSRo\  a  summit  of  the  Riesen-Ge- 
birge,  in  Prussian  Silesia,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hirschberg. 
Elevation,  4476  feet. 

Seiffen,  siff^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Freiburg.     Pop.  1453. 

Seifhennersdorf,  sif-hfin'n^rs-doRf,  a  village  of 
Saxony,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Zittau.  Pop.  6366,  engaged  in 
dyeing  and  the  manufacture  of  linen. 

Seigfried's  (sig'fridz)  Bridge,  a  post-village  of 
Northampton  co..  Pa.,  in  Allen  township,  on  the  Lehigh 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  about  7 
miles  above  Allentown.  It  has  manufactures  of  cement, 
flour,  and  feed.    Pop.  about  300. 

Seigworth's  Corners.    See  Lickinqtillk. 

Seihun,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Sthook. 

Seiks,  a  warlike  nation  of  India.    See  Sikhs. 

Sell,  seel,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  in  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  immediately  off  the  mainland.  Length,  4^ 
miles.  It  is  800  feet  in  height,  but  has  some  low  valleys 
and  fertile  soil.     Pop.  731. 

Seiland,  si'I&nd,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, in  Finmark,  immediately  S.W.  of  Hammerfest.  Lat. 
70°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  22°  30'  E.  Length  and  breadth,  about  20 
miles  each.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  one  of  its 
peaks  is  4000  feet  high. 

Seille,  s4l,  a  river  of  France,  in  Jura  and  Sadne-et- 
Loire,  joins  the  Safine  1 5  miles  N.  of  Ma,con,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  60  miles,  for  24  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Seille,  Grande,  gr&Nd  s&l,  a  river  forming  part  of  the 
boundary  between  France  and  the  German  district  of  Lor- 
raine, joins  the  Moselle  at  Mets,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  60 
miles.     Its  affluent  the  Petite  Seille  joins  it  at  Salzburg. 

Seilles,  s&I,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  1746. 

Seiloon,  Seilonn,  or  Seilnn,  s&^Ioon',  a  village  of 


J 


SEI 


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XAM/i^^^ 


SEL 


Palestine,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nabloos.  It  has  various  remains 
of  antiquity,  and  is  probably  the  Shiloh  of  Scripture. 

SeiiU;  sim,  or  Sem^  sfim,  a  river  of  Russia,  formed  in 
the  government  of  Koorsk,  30  miles  S.  of  Tim,  flows  mostly 
W.,  and  joins  the  Desna  in  the  government  of  Chernigov, 
5  miles  S.B.  of  Sosnitsa,  after  a  course  of  300  miles. 

Seimarrah,  sd-mar'ri,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Koor- 
distan,  in  a  fine  plain,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Khorramabad. 

Sein,  sin  (anc.  Sena),  an  islet  in  the  Atlantic,  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  France,  department  of  Finistfere,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Brest.     Length,  2  miles. 

Seine;  sin  or  sSn  (anc.  Seq'uana),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  Mount  Tasselot,  near  the  village  of  Chanceaux,  de- 
partment of  C6te-d'0r,  flows  N.N.W.  past  Chtltillon,  Bar- 
sur-Seine,  and  Mery,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  thence 
W.  and  N.W.  by  Paris  (where  it  is  from  300  to  500  feet 
broad),  and  enters  the  English  Channel  at  Havre  by  an 
estuary  7  miles  wide.  Length,  497  miles,  for  350  of  which 
it  is  navigable.  Its  banks  are  highly  picturesque  in  the 
lower  part  of  its  course.  The  chief  affluents  on  the  left  are 
the  Yonne,  Loing,  Essonne,  Eure,  and  Rille;  and,  on  the 
right,  the  Aube,  Marne,  and  Gise.  It  communicates  with 
the  Loire  by  the  canals  of  Loing,  Orleans,  and  Briare.  The 
Yonne  unites  it  with  the  Sadne  and  Rhine  by  the  canals 
of  Burgundy  and  those  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine.  The 
Oise  connects  it  with  the  Somme,  Scheldt,  and  Sambre  by 
the  canals  of  Crozat,  Saint-Quentin,  and  the  Sambre,  and  it 
communicates  with  the  Meuse  by  the  Aisne  and  the  canal 
of  Ardennes;  by  the  canal  from  the  Marne  to  the  Rhine  it 
communicates  with  the  Meuse,  Moselle,  and  Rhine. 

SeiuCj  the  smallest  but  most  wealthy  and  important  de- 
partment of  France,  is  in  the  N.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old 
province  of  Ile-de-France.  Area,  185  square  miles.  Pop. 
3,141,596.  The  surface  of  this  department,  forming  the 
environs  of  Paris,  is  covered  with  towns,  villages,  villas, 
and  manufactories.  It  contains  Mont-Val6rien,  Mont- 
martre,  and  some  other  hills,  is  watered  by  the  Seine  and 
Marne  and  traversed  by  the  canals  of  Saint-Denis  and  Saint- 
Martin  and  by  several  railways.  The  department  contains 
valuable  quarries  of  building-stones  and  gypsum.  It  fur- 
nishes Paris  with  immense  quantities  of  fruits  and  agricul- 
tural produce.  Its  industry  is  concentrated  in  Paris,  the 
capital.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Saint- 
Denis  and  Sceaux.     Capital,  Paris. 

Seine-et-Marne,  sin-i-maRn,  a  department  in  the 
N.E.  of  France,  forming  part  of  the  old  province  of  Ile-de- 
France.  Area,  2215  square  miles.  Pop.  356,709.  The  sur- 
face is  slightly  undulating;  it  is  traversed  by  the  rivers 
Seine  and  Marne,  Morin  and  Yeres,  and  by  the  canals  of 
Ourcq  and  Loing.  One-sixth  of  the  department  is  covered 
with  forests,  among  which  is  that  of  Fontainebleau.  Com 
is  raised  much  beyond  the  consumption,  and  it  has  excellent 

fastures,  in  which  numerous  cattle  are  reared.  It  furnishes 
aris  with  a  great  quantity  of  cheese,  under  the  name  of 
the  cheese  of  Brie.  The  wine  is  of  inferior  quality,  except 
the  Chasselas  of  the  environs  of  Fontainebleau,  which  is 
the  best  in  France.  The  roses  of  Provins  are  employed  in 
medicine  and  perfumery.  The  department  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Coulommiers,  Fontainebleau,  Meaux, 
Melun,  and  Provins.     Capital,  Melun. 

Seine>et-Oise;  sin-i-wiz,  a  department  in  the  N. 
of  France,  entirely  surrounding  the  department  of  Seine. 
Area,  2164  square  miles.  Pop.  628,590.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  It  is  watered  by  the  Seine,  Essonne,  Oise, 
Bi&vre,  and  Epte.  The  soil  is  infertile;  near  Paris,  how- 
ever, it  is  liberally  manured.  Oats  are  extensively  im- 
ported ;  but  other  grains  are  raised  in  sufficient  quantity 
for  home  demand.  The  rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep,  and 
the  cultivation  of  fruits  and  vegetables  for  the  Paris  mar- 
kets, are  important.  The  famous  SIvres  porcelain,  printed 
fabrics,  cotton  yarn  and  cloths,  hardwares,  leather,  and 
chemical  products  are  among  the  chief  goods  manufactured. 
Plaster  of  Paris  and  sand  are  among  the  mineral  prod- 
ucts. The  department  is  subdivided  into  the  six  arrondisse- 
ments of  Versailles,  Corbeil,  Etampes,  Mantes,  Pontoise, 
and  Rambouillet.     Capital,  Versailles. 

Seine -Iuf§rieure)  8in-S,iJ»^fiVe-trR',  a  department 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  France,  forming  part  of  Normandy, 
bounded  N.  by  the  English  Channel.  Area,  2330  square 
miles.  Pop.  839,876.  The  coast  has  numerous  small  har- 
bors ;  the  chief  ports  are  Havre  and  Dieppe,  on  the  English 
Channel,  and  Rouen,  on  the  Seine.  The  Seine  is  the  only 
river  of  importance.  The  surface  is  composed  of  fertile 
and  well-cultivated  plains ;  an  eighth  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  Corn,  hops,  hemp,  lint,  and  fruits  are  the 
chief  products;  cider  is  extensively  made.  The  pastures 
support  many  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep.     Rouen  is  noted 


for  its  cotton,  and  Elbeuf  for  its  woollen  fabrics.  The  de- 
partment is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Dieppe, 
Havre,  NeufchS,tel,  Rouen,  and  Yvetot.     Capital,  Rouen. 

Seinni,  sin'nee^  a  frontier  town  of  Burmah,  near  the 
river  Salwin,  165  miles  N.E.  of  Ava. 

Seiny,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Seyny. 

Seip's,  seeps,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Palmer  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  churoh 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Seiputsch,  si'pSdtsh,  or  Zywiec,  ziv'e-Sts  (?),  a  town 
of  Austrian  Galicia,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Wadowice,  on  the 
Soola.     Pop.  3311. 

Seir-Beni-Yass,  sir-bi'nee^-yiss,  an  island  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  off  the  Arabian  coast.  Lat.  24°  21'  N. ;  Ion. 
52°  46'  E. 

Seisholtzville^  sees'holtz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Allentown. 

Seistan,  sisHin',  a  former  province  of  Southwest  Af- 
ghanistan, now  chiefly  belonging  to  the  Persian  province 
of  Yezd,  between  lat.  30°  30'  and  32°  N.  and  Ion.  61°  and 
62°  30'  E.,  intersected  by  the  Helmund  River,  and  contain- 
ing the  Hamoon  morass.  Pop.  probably  50,000,  mostly 
Tadjiks.  It  is  a  mountain-basin,  surrounded  by  deserts, 
unhealthy,  and  fertile  only  on  the  immediate  banks  of  the 
rivers  ;  but  it  presents  many  traces  of  former  wealth  and 
civilization,  it  was  devastated  and  its  chief  town  destroyed 
by  Tamerlane  in  1383. 

Seitendorf)  si't^n-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Si- 
lesia, government  of  Breslau,  near  Waldenburg.    Pop,  2145. 

Seitendorf,  or  Seitgendorf,  sit'gh^n-doRr,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  2003. 

Seitenst3.dten,  sl't^n-stit^t^n,  a  town  of  Austria,  11 
miles  E.  of  Steyer.  Pop.  1939.  It  has  a  rich  Benedictine 
monastery,  containing  a  library,  a  cabinet  of  natural  his- 
tory, and  numerous  Roman  antiquities. 

Seitzlandj  sits'land,  a  station  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  York. 

Seix,  six  (?),  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari^ge,  on  the  Salat, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  1273. 

Sel,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands.     See  Sal. 

Sela,  or  Selah,  a  Scriptural  name  of  Petra. 

Se'lah,  a  post-office  of  Yakima  co.,  Washington. 

Selang,  sibling',  a  small  island  of  the  Molucca  group,  off 
the  S.E.  coast  of  Bachian.     Lat.  0°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  47'  E. 

Selangan,  siMin^gin',  a  town  contiguous  to  the  town 
of  Mindanao,  in  the  Philippines.     Pop.  10,000  (?). 

Selaniki,  Turkey.    See  Salonica. 

SelargiuS)  si-laR'je-oos,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division 
and  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2900. 

Selb,  sSlb,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Bger. 
Pop.  4236.     It  has  cotton-mills,  paper-mills,  potteries,  &c. 

Selbitz,  sfil'bits,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  7  miles  W.  of  Hof. 
Pop.  1620. 

Selbde,  sil'bS^^h,  an  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of  Norway, 
28  miles  S.  of  Bergen,  in  Selboe-Fiord. 

SelbOe^  a  parish  of  Norway,  stift  and  25  miles  S.  of 
Trondhjem,  around  the  Lake  of  Selboe,  which  is  20  miles 
in  length  by  3  miles  in  breadth.  It  receives  the  Nea,  and 
communicates  with  Trondhjem -Fiord. 

Sel'borne,  a  village  of  England,  co,  of  Hants,  4  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Alton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1313. 

Sel 'by,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ouse,  connected  by  canal  with  the 
Aire  and  Calder,  12^  miles  S.  of  York,  with  which  city,  and 
with  Hull  and  Leeds,  it  communicates  by  railways.  Pop. 
6193.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  fine  market-cross,  a  neat 
town  hall,  a  church  which  formed  part  of  an  abbey,  gram- 
mar- and  blue-coat  schools,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth, 
leather,  and  iron  goods,  and  slips  for  building  river-craft. 
The  Ouse  is  here  crossed  by  a  movable  bridge,  and  vessels 
of  considerable  burden  come  to  the  town  from  Hull. 

Sel'by,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.     Pop.  1497. 

Selby,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  5^  miles  W.  of  Warsaw,  Ind. 

Selby,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Selby,  a  post-village  iii  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Napanee.     It  contains  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Sel'bysport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cumber- 
land.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sel'byville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Breakwater  &  Frankford  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Berlin,  Md. 

Sel'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Riverhead.     It  has  a  church. 

Selden,  Fayette  co.,  0.     See  Jasper  Mills. 

Sele,  si'li,  or  Silaro,  se-li'ro  (anc.  Sila'rua),  a  rive 
of  Italy,  rises  12  miles  N.E.  of  Policastro,  flows  first  N.W 


SEL 


2431 


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I 


through  the  Val  di  Diano,  and  then  S.W.,  and  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Salerno  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salernp.  Length,  60  miles. 

Selefkeh)  si-lSfk^h  (anc.  Seleuce'ia  Trachi'a),  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Ohiuk-Soo  (ano.  Oalycad'nus),  8  miles 
from  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  65  miles  S.W.  of 
Tarsus.  It  is  but  a  poor  collection  of  huts,  but  in  its  vicinity 
are  scattered  numerous  remains  of  antiquity. 

Selendi)  s4-ldn'dee,  or  Selenti,  8&-lAn'tee,  a  small 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  an  af9uent  of  the  Sarabat  (ano. 
Her'mus),  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ala-Shehr. 

Selenga,  8&-ldng'g&,  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  rises  in 
the  Tangnoo  Mountains,  in  Mongolia,  flows  mostly  N.E., 
and,  after  a  course  of  500  miles,  enters  Lake  Baikal,  on  its 
E.  side,  30  miles  W.  of  Ilimsk. 

Selenghinsk,  s&Udng-ghinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Transbaikalia,  on  the  Selenga,  60  miles  N.  of 
Kiakhta.  Pop.  1054.  It  is  a  depot  for  goods  passing  to 
China.     Near  it  are  some  saline  baths. 

Selennak,  si-lSn-nik',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Yakootsk,  lat.  62°  N.,  flows  E.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Indighirka.     Length,  130  miles. 

Selenter-See,  si'l^n-t^r-si,  a  lake  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Holstein.  Area,  12  square  miles.  Depth  at  some  places, 
40  fathoms. 

Selenti,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Silinty. 

Selenceia  Trachia,  Asia  Minor.     See  Selefkeh. 

S«leucia,  siL-loo'she-a,  a  city  of  antiquity,  in  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tigris,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Bagdad,  and  opposite  the  remains  of  Ctesiphon. 

Seleucia,  a  city  of  antiquity,  in  Persia.,  Khoozistan,  on 
an  iilBuent  of  the  Jerahi,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Shooster. 

Seleucia,  the  ancient  name  of  Suediah. 

Seligenstadt,  s&'Iio-^n-st&tt^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  on  the  Main,  15  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  3189.  It  has  the  remains  of 
a  Benedictine  abbey,  containing  the  tombs  of  Eginhard, 
and  of  Emma,  daughter  of  Charlemagne.  There  are  cop- 
per- and  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity. 

Seligenthal,  si'lio-^n-tar,  a  village  of  Prussia,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Schmalkalden.     Pop.  1121. 

Seligher,  s4-le-gaiB',  a  lake  of  Russia,  governments 
of  Tver  and  Novgorod,  N.  of  Ostashkov.  Length,  30  miles. 
It  is  the  source  of  an  affluent  of  the  Volga. 

Se'ligman,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  E.  of 
Marshfield.  It  has  1  or  2  furnaces  for  smelting  lead,  which 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Selimey  or  Selimeh,  si-lee'm^h,  an  oasis  in  the  desert 
of  Nubia,  220  miles  S.W.  of  Derr,  and  W.  of  the  third 
oataract  of  the  Nile.     It  produces  an  abundance  of  salt. 

Selimno,  s^-lim'no,  or  Selimnia,  si-lim'ne-&,  written 
also  Islanije  and  Islam^jiyis-lim'je,  a  town  of  Eastern 
Roumelia,  at  the  S.  foot  of  the  Balkan  Mountains,  65  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Adrianople.  Pop.  20,000,  who  manufacture 
coarse  woollens,  gun-locks,  and  attar  of  roses. 

Se-liing,  si-ling',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang- 
See,  on  the  Tonquin  frontier,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Tai-Ping. 

SelinO)  si-lee'no,  a  villalge  of  Crete,  on  its  S.  coast,  35 
miles  W.  of  Sphakia.     It  has  a  fort  and  some  trade. 

Se'lin'8  Grove,  a  post-borough  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  6i  miles  below 
fiunbury,  and  48  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  is  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  which 
here  crosses  the  river  and  connects  with  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  It  has  a  Lutheran  seminary,  called  Mission- 
ary Institute,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  the  Snyder  County  Normal  School.     Pop.  1453. 

Selin's  Grove  Junction,  a  station  in  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railway,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Sunbury  <t  Lewistown  Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Sunbury,  and  li  miles  E.  of  Selin's  Grove. 

Selinti,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Silintt. 

Selish  Indians.    See  Flathead  Indians. 

Selish  Lake.     See  Flathead  Lake. 

Selitrenoi-Gorodok,    si-le-tri-noi' - go-ro-dok',    a 

)wn  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Astra- 

fkhan,  on  the  Volga,  the  old  capital  of  the  Tartar  khans  of 

"le  Golden  Horde,  remains  of  which  ancient  town  still  exist. 

Selitza,  sd,-lit's&,  a  village  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Monastir. 

Selitza,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  district  and 
b  miles  S.E.  of  Maina. 

Selivri,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Silivri. 

Sel'kirk,  or  Selkirkshire,  sdl'kjrk-shir,  formerly 
«alled  the  Ettrick  Forest,  a  small  inland  county  of 
Scotland,  in  the  Lowlands,  having  W.  the  co.  of  Peebles, 
E.  Roxburgh,  S.  Dumfries,  and  N.  Edinburghshire.  Area, 
260  square  miles.     Pop.  27,353.    Surface  mostly  mountain- 


ous. Principal  rivers,  the  Tweed,  with  its  tributaries  the 
Ettrick  and  Yarrow.  Its  industry  is  chiefly  pastoral,  but 
its  agriculture  has  been  considerably  improved.  Principal 
towns,  Selkirk  and  Galashiels. 

Selkirk,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  a  declivity  beside  the  Ettrick,  33  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  6397.  It  has  been  mostly  rebuilt  in 
a  modern  style,  and  has  a  spacious  market-place,  in  which 
are  the  town  hall,  a  public  well,  and  a  monument  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott.  The  other  principal  structures  are  the 
churches,  the  jail,  and  a  monument  to  the  traveller  Mango 
Park.  It  has  manufactures  of  tweeds,  blankets,  and  hosiery. 
On  the  Tweed,  about  4  miles  from  Selkirk,  is  Abbotsford, 
the  seat  of  the  late  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

Sel'kirk,  a  hamlet  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  On- 
tario, at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Pulaski. 
It  has  about  12  houses. 

Selkirk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  20  miles 
from  Marion  Court- House.     It  has  a  high  school. 

Selkirk,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cayuga.  It  contains  several  stores,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  carding-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Selkirk,  the  chief  settlement  or  colony  of  Manitoba- 
See  Manitoba. 

Selkirkshire,  Scotland.     See  Selkirk. 

Sella,  E£l'y&,  a  river  of  Spain,  after  a  course  of  about 
36  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  forming  the  bay  and 
port  of  Ribadesella. 

Sella,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province  and  19 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1694. 

Sel'lars,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen- 
sacola  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Sell6,  or  Cell6,  silMd,',  a  river  of  France,  department* 
of  Cantal  and  Lot,  joins  the  Lot  10  miles  E.  of  Cahors. 
Length,  54  miles. 

Sell6,  or  Cell6,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Aisne  and  Nord,  joins  the  Scheldt  (Exaut)  near  Bouchain. 

Sell'ers,  a  township  of  Hardin  co..  111.     Pop.  560. 

Sell'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Silver  Creek  township, 
Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  India- 
napolis Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  cement. 

Sellers'  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  oo.,  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  10  miles  below  Shawneetown. 

Sell'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Rock 
Hill  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  a  flour-mill,  2  hotels,  a  drug-store,  and  several  cigar- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1880,  490 :  in  1890,  794. 

Selles-snr-Cher,  sdl-siiR-shaiR,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loir-et-Cher,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Romorantin.     Pop.  3187. 

SelI'man,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at 
Barnesville  Station,  1  mile  from  Bamesville. 

Sell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  tne 
Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Hanover. 

Sellye,  sdll'y4,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  14  milas 
S.W.  of  Neutra,  near  the  Waag.     Pop.  1630. 

Sel'ma,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  right  or  N.  Dank  of  the  Alabama  River,  50 
miles  W.  of  Montgomery,  50  miles  E.  of  Demopolis,  and 
about  160  miles  by  the  road  N.N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  and 
the  E.  terminus  of  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Western  Railroad  and  the  Selma, 
Marion  &,  Memphis  Railroad.  It  is  also  on  the  Selma  <fc 
Gulf  Railroad  and  the  New  Orleans  &,  Selma  Railroad.  It 
is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  16  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
2  academies,  gas-works,  a  cotton-factory,  iron-works,  a 
steam  planing-mill,  manufactures  of  car-wheels,  oil,  ice, 
(fcc,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cotton  is  the  chief  article  of  export,  of  which 
about  80,000  bales  are  received  here  annually.     Pop,  7622. 

Selma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co..  Ark.,  12  miles  N. 
of  Collins  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Selma,  McLean  co..  111.     See  Pleasant  Hill. 

Selma,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Muncie  with  Win- 
chester, 6  miles  E.  of  Muncie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Selma,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  138. 

Selma,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  187. 

Selma,  a  post-village  in  Selma  township,  Jonnston 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Raleigh  with 
Goldsborough,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  4  churche* 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1167. 


SEL 


24^ 


SEN 


Selma,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Clark  co./ 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cqf- 
lumbus.     It  has  3  or  4  churches.  \ 

Sel'mah,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  an 
Cobequid  Bay,  2  miles  from  Maitland.     Pop.  225.  , 

Selmast,  sSI'mist,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan, 
miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Selmecz  Banya,  Hungary.    See  Scheunitz. 

Sel'iner,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Tennessee,  ca] 
tal  of  McNairy  co.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
miles  N.  of  Corinth,  Miss.     It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,l2 
cotton-gins,  several  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Poj 
about  500. 

Selowitz,  orSeelowitz,  s&'lo-'A'its',  a  town  of  Mol 
ravia,  11  miles  S.  of  Briinn,  on  the  Zwittawa.     Pop.  2355. 

Seisate,  sdl-s3,'t&,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3487. 

Selsea,  or  Selsey^  sel'see,  a  village  of  England,  co. 
of  Sussex,  occupying  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  county, 
half  a  mile  from  the  sea,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Chichester. 
Here,  in  the  seventh  century,  was  established  the  first  Ro- 
man Catholic  monastery  in  England.  Pop.  of  parish,  937. 
The  peninsula  of  Selsea  is  a  large  level  tract  between 
Chichester  Harbor  and  the  English  Channel,  its  S.  point 
being  called  Selsea-Bill. 

SelterSf  a  village  of  Germany.    See  Niedkb  Selters. 

Seltschan,  sSlt^sh&n',  or  Sedlczany,  sddl-ch&'nee,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Beraun.     Pop.  2457. 

SeltZ)  or  Selz,  silts,  a  town  of  Alsace,  on  the  Rhine, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Seltzbach,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stras- 
burg.     Pop.  1845. 

Selune^  s^h-lUn',  a  river  of  France,  department  of 
Manche,  enters  Cancale  Bay  (English  Channel)  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Avranches,  after  a  W.  course  of  35  miles. 

Selva^  s$l'v&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3854. 

Selva,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Majorca,  on  a  height,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1510. 

Selva,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Copiap6. 

Selva  de  Mar,  sSl'v&  di  man,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Gerona,  with  a  small  harbor  on  the  Mediterranean, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Rosas. 

Selve,  sil'vi,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
between  Ulbo  and  Premuda.     Length,  4  miles. 

Selviy  sM'vee,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Danube,  50  miles  S.  of  Nicopolis.     Pop.  2500. 

Sel'wyn,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Lakefield.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Selz,  silts,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Rhine  7  miles  W.  of  Mentz.    Length,  30  miles. 

Selz,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Seltz. 

Seni)  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Seih. 

SemaO)  si-m3,'o,  or  Simao,  se-m&'o,  a  small  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Timor, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait.  Length,  20 
miles.   It  exports  wax,  sandal-wood,  and  edible  birds'-nests. 

Semavat'Evi,  the  Turkish  name  of  Oltmpus. 

Semboy,  Spain.    See  SAM-BAnDiLL0-DE-LL0BRE6AT. 

Semd,  sSmt,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starken- 
burg,  near  Umstadt.     Pop.  1146. 

Semendrek,  the  Turkish  name  of  Samothraki. 

Semendria,  se-min'dre-i,  or  Smerderewo,  smdR- 
di-ri'vo,  a  town  of  Servia,  and  formerly  the  residence  of 
its  kings,  on  the  Danube,  at  the  influx  of  the  Jessava,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Belgrade.  Pop.  5107.  It  has  a  citadel  and 
gome  Roman  antiquities. 

Semenood,  sA-m^-nood',  or  Samannd)  s&-m&-nood' 
(anc.  Seben'nytua),  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  Dami- 
etta  branch  of  the  Nile,  4  miles  B.  of  Mehallet-el-Kebeer. 
It  has  some  remains  of  antiquity,  and  manufactures  of 
earthenwares. 

SemenoT)  or  Semenow,  si-mi-nov',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 
Pop.  2961,  employed  in  manufacturing  wooden-wares. 

semeroue.  United  States.    See  Cimarron. 

SemiahmoO)  sem-^-ah'moo,  a  post-hamlet  of  What- 
com CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  in  lat.  49° 
N.,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Port  Townsend.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  valuable  salmon-fishery. 

Semile,  si-mee'li,  SemilOT,  or  Semilow,  si-me- 
lov',  written  also  S  em  ill,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Isar, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2509. 

Seminara,  si-me-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Reggio  di 
Calabria,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Messina.     Pop.  3372. 

Sem'inary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washita  co.,  Ark.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Semiuary,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  111.     Pop.  920. 


Sem'inole  Indians,  a  once  powerful  tribe  dwelling 
in  Florida.  Most  of  them  have  been  removed  to  the  Indian 
Territory.    The  cajfital  of  their  reservation  is  We-wo-ka. 

Semipalatinsk,  s&-me-p9,-I&-tinBk',  written  also  Se> 
mipatalatinsk  and  Semipolatinsk  {i.e.,  "the  seven 
palaces"),  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  tha 
government  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Irtish,  250  miles 
S.W.  of  Barnaul.  It  has  Russian  government  establish- 
ments, is  the  seat  of  some  trade,  and  derives  its  name  from 
extensive  buildings  found  there  by  the  Russians  on  their 
conquest.     Pop.  10,140. 

Semipalatinsk,  or  Semipolatinsk,  a  government 
or  province  of  Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  S.E.  by  Chinese 
possessions,  and  S.  in  part  by  Balkash  Lake,  and  traversed 
by  the  Irtish.  Area,  188,291  square  miles.  It  includes  a 
part  of  the  steppes  of  the  Kirgheez  and  Calmucks.  Capi 
tal,  Semipalatinsk.     Pop.  510,163. 

Semiretchinsk,  si-me-ri-chinsk'  ("seven  rivers"),  a 
government  of  Asiatic  Russia,  having  Semipalatinsk  on  the 
N.  and  Chinese  Toorkistan  on  the  E.  Area,  155,290  square 
miles.  It  takes  its  name  from  its  7  principal  rivers,  mostly 
tributaries  of  Balkash  Lake.  Capital,  Vernoye.  Pop.  543,094. 

Semisopochnoi,  sim^e-so-poK'noi,  or  Isle  of  the 
Seven  Mountains,  belonging  to  the  Aleutian  Archipel- 
ago, and  to  the  group  known  by  the  name  of  Rat  Islands, 
about  lat.  51°  59'  N.  and  Ion.  179°  45'  57"  W. 

Semitch  (si-mitch')  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Aleutian 
Islands,  in  Alaska,  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Attoo. 

Semliansk,  sim-le-^nsk',  or  Samlensk,  s&m-lSnsk% 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Voro- 
nezh, on  the  Semlianka.     Pop.  6270. 

Semlin,  or  Zemlin,  slm-leen'  (Hun.  Zimony,  zee^- 
mofi'),  a  fortified  frontier  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Sla- 
vonia,  co.  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Peterwardein,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Danube,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Belgrade.  Pop. 
12,978,  comprising  Slavonians,  Germans,  Greeks,  Servians, 
Croats,  gypsies,  and  Jews.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop, and  has  many  good  houses  and  churches,  but  ita 
streets  are  mostly  unpaved.  It  has  numerous  schools,  a 
hospital,  a  theatre,  and  a  large  quarantine  establishment. 
It  is  an  entrepdt  of  the  trade  between  Austria  and  the 
Danubian  principalities.  Imports,  raw  cotton  and  twist, 
honey,  hare-  and  rabbit-skins,  <fcc. ;  exports,  woollen  stuSs, 
glass-wares,  and  other  manufactured  goods. 

Semmed,  sim^mdd',  a  town  and  fort  of  Arabia,  in 
Oman,  in  an  extensive  oasis,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Muscat. 

Semnan,  or  Semnoon,  Persia.    See  Simnan. 

Semo'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
from  Milton.     It  has  a  church. 

Semoy,  or  Semois,  s^h-mwi',  a  river  of  Belgium  and 
France,  after  a  W.  course  of  100  miles,  joins  the  Meuse  9 
miles  N.  of  M6zi6res. 

Sempach,  sdm'p&K,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Sempach 
Lake.  Pop.  1109.  In  its  vicinity  1400  Swiss  routed  4000 
Austrians,  on  the  9th  of  July,  1386,  and  the  action,  ren 
dered  memorable  by  the  heroic  death  of  Arnold  von  Win- 
kelried,  is  celebrated  by  an  annual  festival.  Lake  Sem- 
pach, 4  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  gives  origin 
to  the  river  Suren,  an  affluent  of  the  Aar. 

Sempro'nius,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Auburn.  The  hamlet  is 
7  miles  E.  of  Moravia.     Pop.  1123. 

Sempronius,  a  post-village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Chapel  Hill.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary, 
and  a  steam  mill. 

Sempst,  simpst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Senne,  10  miles  by  railway  N.N.E.  of  Brus- 
sels.    Pop.  7241. 

Semur-en-Auxois,  si^miiR'-6N»-oxVi',  a  town  of 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  capital  of'  an  arrondissement,  on  the 
Armanfon,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dijon.  Pop.  4022.  It  has 
a  ponderous  castle,  a  mediseval  church,  a  communal  college, 
manufactures  of  common  woollens  and  yarns,  tanneries,  and 
a  trade  in  cattle,  hemp,  and  wool. 

Semur-en- Brionnais,  8i^miiR'-6N°-bre^on^ni',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  14  miles  S.AV.  of  Cha- 
rolles. 

Semussyr,  Kooril  Islands.     See  Simooseer. 

Sena,  si'nS,,  or  Sen'na,  a  town  and  the  former  capi- 
tal of  the  Portuguese  dominions  in  East  Africa,  now  the 
capital  of  a  district,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Zambezi,  110 
miles  W.  of  Quilimane.  Lat.  17°  30'  S.;  Ion.  35°  38'  8" 
E.  It  is  a  mere  collection  of  huts  and  some  European 
houses,  interspersed  with  filthy  pools,  and  having  some 
churches  and  a  mud  redoubt.  The  district  is  bounded  by 
Sofala,  the  Zambezi  River,  and  the  Channel  of  Mozambique. 


SEN 


2433 


SEN 


Sena,  or  Sena  Julia,  the  ancient  name  of  Siena. 

Sena,  a  river  of  France.     See  Seine. 

Sena,  or  Sena  Gallica.    See  Sinioaglia. 

Sena,  the  ancient  name  of  Sbin. 

Senachwine,  Illinois.    See  Snachwine. 

Se-Nan,  sA'nin',  or  Sse-Nan-Foo,  sA^nin^foo',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Koei-Choo,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment, on  the  Oo-Kiang,  a  tributary  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang, 
in  lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  108°  25'  E. 

Senato'bia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tate  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of 
Memphis,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Sardis.  It  has  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  seminary.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  1200. 

Senday,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Xendat. 

Sendenhorst,  sSn'd^n-hoRst^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1887. 

Sendim,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Sindim. 

Sen6,  s^h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Mor- 
bihan.     Pop.  of  commune,  2849. 

Sen'eca,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  346  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Cayuga  Lake  and  Seneca  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  Seneca  Lake.  It  is  drained  in  the  N.E.  part  by  Clyde 
River  and  in  the  N.  central  part  by  the  outlet  of  Seneca 
Lake.     The  surface  is  undulating  and  elevated.     Many 

Eicturesque  ravines  occur  along  the  shores  of  the  deep  and 
eautiful  lakes  above  named.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  barley,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  gypsum,  corniferous  limestone,  and  other  Devo- 
nian rocks.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York 
Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  by  two  branches 
of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  Capitals,  Ovid  and  Water- 
loo.    Pop.  in  1870,  27,823;  in  1880,  29,278;  in  1890,28,227. 

Seneca,  a  northern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  544 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Sandusky  River,  which 
divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Green,  Honey,  Rock,  and  Wolf  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
partly  undulating  and  partly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  beech,  elm,  white 
ash,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wool,  butter, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Upper  Silurian 
limestones  (of  the  Niagara  and  Heldeberg  groups)  under- 
lie a  large  part  of  the  soil.  Corniferous  limestone  is  also 
abundant  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Columbus, 
Hooking  Valley  <fc  Toledo,  Lake  Erie  &  Western,  New  York, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central,  Pennsylvania, 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  and  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroads.  Capital,  Tiffin.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,827; 
in  1880,  36,947;  in  1890,  40,869. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  400. 

Seneca  (formerly  Crotty),  a  post- village  of  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  in  Manlius  township,  on  the  Illinois  River,  the 
Michigan  &,  Illinois  Canal,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<fc  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Ottawa,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Morris.  It  has  a  job  printing-office,  a  graded  school,  a 
banking-house,  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  manufactory 
of  windmills,  and  2  large  warehouses  for  grain.  Coal  is 
found  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  738;  in  1890,  1190. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  MoHenry  co..  111.     Pop.  1027. 

Seneca,  a  post-office  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa. 

Seneca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Richmond  township,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Nemaha 
River,  and  on  the  ^t.  Joseph  <fc  Denver  City  Railroad,  77 
miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  about  64  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Topeka.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  state  bank,  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  4  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.    P,  (1890)  2032. 

Seneca,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.     Here  is  a  church. 

Seneca,  a  post-township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  contains  the  village  of  Mo- 
renci,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Canada  Southern 
Railroad,     Pop.  2516. 

Seneca,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  in  Lost 
Creek  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  <k  San  Francisco  Rail- 
road, 88  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  about  16  miles 
B.E.  of  Baxter  Springs,  Kansas.     It  has  a  church.    P.  380. 

Seneca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Custer  co..  Neb.,  48  miles  N. 
of  Elm  Creek  Station. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Ontario  co,,  N.Y.     Pop.  2681. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1242. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.    Pop.  982. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1583. 

Seneca,  Venango  co..  Pa.     See  Salem  City. 

Seneca,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Oconee  co., 


S.C,  on  the  Atlanta  <fc  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad  where 
it  crossses  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad,  120  miles  N.E.  of  At- 
lanta, and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Walhalla.  It  has  a  church, 
several  stores,  a  large  hotel,  Ac.  Gold  is  said  to  be  found 
here.  Pop.  about  400.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Seneca 
City.    The  township  is  drained  by  Kiowee  River.    P.  4493. 

Seneca,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Crawford 
CO.,  Wis.,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Bosoobel,  and  about  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and 
2  hotels.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1391. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.     P.  458. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  132. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Wood  co..  Wis.    Pop.  349. 

Seneca,  Ontario.    See  Caledonia. 

Seneca  Castle,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  hamlet  of  Castleton,  on  the  Ontario  South- 
ern Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches. 

Seneca  City,  Oconee  co.,  S.C.    See  Seneca. 

Seneca  Creek,  Maryland,  runs southwestward  through 
Montgomery  co.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River  about  9 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Rockville. 

Seneca  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs  N.W., 
and  enters  Wills  Creek  in  Guernsey  co.  near  Cambridge. 

Seneca  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Seneca  Outlet  or  River, 
and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of 
Auburn,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Geneva,  and  about  3  miles 
W.  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It  contains  6  churches,  many  hand- 
some residences,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  several  flouring-mills,  and  a  large  manufactory 
of  steam  fire-engines.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  pumps,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  The  river  here  falls  50  feet 
and  aflfords  abundant  motive-power.  This  is  the  most  popu- 
lous village  in  the  county.     Pop.  6116 ;  of  township,  6961. 

Seneca  Hill,  a  hamlet  on  the  New  York  k  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  on  or  near  the  Oswego  River,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Oswego,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Seneca  Indians,  a  tribe  of  the  Iroquois  or  Six 
Nations,  inhabiting  certain  tracts  in  the  W.  part  of  New 
York,  where  they  number  3060.  A  smaller  band  of  this 
tribe  live  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

Seneca  Lake,  New  York,  a  long,  deep,  and  beautiful 
lake  which  extends  from  Watkins  northward  to  Geneva, 
forming  the  E.  boundary  of  Yates  co.  and  part  of  the  W. 
boundary  of  Seneca  co.  It  is  about  36  miles  long,  with  an 
average  width  of  about  2  miles,  and  is  530  feet  deep.  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  in  all  seasons  on  this  lake,  the  navigation 
of  which  is  never  closed  by  ice.  Its  outlet  issues  from  the 
N.  end  of  the  lake,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  Ca- 
yuga Lake.  Seneca  Lake  lies  in  a  valley  of  erosion  exca- 
vated in  rocks  of  the  Hamilton  group  and  Portage  group. 
The  celebrated  Watkins  Glen  is  at  the  head  of  this  lake. 

Seneca  Lane,  a  station  in  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Cambridge. 

Seneca  River,  New  York,  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Clyde  River  and  the  outlet  of  Cayuga  Lake.  These 
unite  about  6  miles  N.  of  Cayuga  Bridge.  It  is  the  chan- 
nel by  which  the  surplus  waters  of  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Can- 
andaigua,  and  other  lakes  are  discharged.  It  runs  nearly 
northeastward,  intersects  Cayuga  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Oneida  River  to  form  the  Oswego  River. 

Seneca  River,  South  Carolina.    See  Kiowee  River. 

Sen'ecaville,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  Seneca  Creek,  about  30  miles  E.  of 
Zanesville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  376. 

Sen'efer,  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  6  miles  E.  of  Tiran, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah. 

Seneff'e,  s^b-nifiT,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mens.  Pop.  6083.  Here  a  san- 
guinary battle  took  place  in  1674  between  Cond6  and  the 
Prince  of  Orange. 

Senegal,  s5n^e-gawl'  (Fr.  Sinigal,  si^n&^g&l'),  a  large 
river  of  West  Africa,  rises,  under  the  name  of  Ba-Fing,  in 
lat.  10°  30'  N.,  Ion.  10°  40'  W.,  near  Teemboo,  where  its 
sources  are  separated  from  those  of  the  Niger  by  the  high- 
lands of  the  Mandingo  country.  It  flows  successively  N.W. 
and  W.  through  Senegambia,  its  basin  lying  N.  of  that  of 
the  Gambia,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  16°  N., 
Ion.  16°  33'  W.  Total  coarse,  estimated  at  1000  miles. 
The  principal  affluents  are  the  Woolima  and  FalemS,  both 
of  which  join  it  in  the  upper  half  of  its  course.  At  Fel- 
lore,  from  400  to  450  miles  from  the  ocean,  it  forms  a  cata- 
ract, up  to  which  it  is  always  navigable  for  flat-bottomed 
boats.  In  its  lower  part  it  flows  through  a  level  and  densely- 
wooded  plain,  and  the  tide  is  perceptible  in  it  for  60  leagues 
inland.     At  35  miles  from  its  mouth  it  divides  into  two 


SEN 


2434 


SEN 


principal  arms,  the  easternmost  and  largest  of  which  is 
deep  enough  for  the  largest  ships,  but  the  mouth  of  the 
river  is  encumbered  by  a  bar,  which  has  seldom  more  than 
10  or  12  feet  of  water.  In  the  rainy  seasons  vessels  of 
from  130  to  160  tons  can  ascend  it  to  Galam,  and  at  the 
commencement  of  the  inundation,  in  July,  French  trading- 
vessels  sail  up  to  that  point. 

Senegal  (Fr.  S6n6galor Sinigambie),&'Fienoh  colonial 
dependency  of  West  Africa,  consisting  of  the  island  and 
town  of  St.  Louis,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal,  and  several 
forts  along  the  banks  of  that  river,  &o.,  on  the  Gambia, 
Gor6e,  and  other  settlements  S.  of  Cape  Verd.  Total  pop. 
in  ]  891, 1,100,000.  The  chief  exports  consist  of  gum,  hides, 
wax,  ivory,  cabinet-woods,  ground-nuts,  cofifee,  palm  oil, 
and  gold-dust ;  the  imports,  of  manufactured  goods,  wines, 
spirits,  and  provisions.  The  governor  resides  at  St.  Louis, 
which  is  the  seat  of  the  chief  judicial  court.  Gor6e  is  the 
residence  of  a  lieutenant-governor.  The  country  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  St.  Louis  and  Gor6e.  The 
French  first  settled  in  Senegal  in  1637.  Chief  towns,  St. 
Louis,  Richard  Toll,  Dagana,  Podor,  Bakel,  Gor6e,  Dakar, 
Rufisque,  and  Portudal. 

Senigallia,  a  town  of  Italy.  See  Sinioaglia. 
Senegambia,  sfin-e-gam'be-a  (Fr.  Sinigambie,  si^ni- 
g&M^bee' ;  Ger.  Senegambien,  s&-nd.-g&m'be-^n),an  extensive 
region  of  West  Africa,  comprising  the  countries  between  lat. 
8»  and  17°  N.  and  Ion.  4°  and  17°  30'  W.,  having  E.  Soo- 
dan  proper,  S.  Guinea,  W.  the  Atlantic,  and  K.  the  Sahara. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Senegal  and  Gambia  Rivers  (whence 
its  name),  with  the  Casamanza,  Rio  Grande,  and  Nunez. 
It  is  mountainous  in  the  £. ;  W.  parts  low  and  level.  In 
natural  products  this  region  is  very  rich  ;  but  the  heat  is 
intense,  and  climate  very  unhealthy  for  Europeans.  Wild 
animals  comprise  the  elephant,  hippopotamus,  monkeys, 
antelopes,  gazelles,  lion,  panther,  leopard,  hyenas,  jackal, 
crocodile,  &a.  Inhabitants  mostly  negroes,  intermixed  with 
Arabs  and  other  Mohammedan  tribes.  The  population  of 
this  vast  region  is  computed  at  12,000,000.  The  English 
possess  here  the  settlement  of  Gambia ;  the  French  have 
numerous  forts,  towns,  and  districts ;  and  the  Portuguese 
own  some  small  establishments  at  Cacheo  and  Bissao. 
Among  the  native  states  are  Foota-Toro,  Foota-Damga, 
Foota-Jallon,  Bondoo,  and  countless  minor  countries,  many 
of  them  partly  under  French  control.  This  country  has 
been  partly  occupied  by  Europeans  for  nearly  250  years, 
but  its  interior  is  not  yet  well  known.     See  Senegal. 

Seneghe,  6&-ni'g&,  or  Senegui  (?),  a  village  of  Sar- 
dinia, 9  miles  S.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2181. 

Se'nex,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co..  Ill,,  in  Padua  town- 
ship, 16  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a 
fthurch. 

Se'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux 
City.     It  has  an  elevator. 

Seney,  a  post-oflBce  of  Macon  co..  Mo. 
Senftenberg,  s5nf't?n-bfiEG\  or  Zamberg,  tslm'- 
bfiRG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Koniggratz, 
on  the  Adler.     Pop.  3353. 

Senftenberg)  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on 
the  Black  Elster,  15  miles  S.  of  Kalau.     Pop.  2103. 

Se-Ngan,  si^ngin',  or  Sse-Ngau-Foo,  sing^gin^- 
foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  45  miles 
N.N.W    of  Nan-Ning. 

Senghilej,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sinoilei. 
Senhorim^  s5n-yo-reeNo',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
12  miles  from  Viseu.     Pop.  2152. 
Senia^  the  ancient  name  of  Zengg. 
Seniavine  (or  Seuiavin,  s^-ne-&-veen')  Islands,  a 
group  of  the  Carolines,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  6°  43'  to  7°  6' 
N.,  Ion.  158°  to  158°  30'  E.     The  principal  island  is  Poi- 
unipet. 

Seniga,  ak'ne-gh,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Oglio. 

Senio,  si'ne-o,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  in  Tuscany  and 
Emilia,  joins  the  Po  di  Primaro  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ravenna, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  50  miles. 

Senise,  si-nee'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  29 
miles  E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  5038. 

Sen^en^  sSn'ySn,  one  of  the  largest  islands  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Norway,  its  centre  near  lat.  69°  20'  N.,  Ion.  17° 
10'  E.  Length,  45  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles.  The  shores 
are  greatly  indented,  and  its  mountains  rise  3000  feet. 

SenkOT)  Senkow,  sfin-kov',  or  Zenkov,  a  town  of 
Russia,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poltava.    Pop.  10,589. 

Senlis,  souo^leece'  or  soN<»Mee'  (anc.  Auguatom' agus  and 
Sylvanec'tes  f),  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Oise,  on  the  Nonette, 
32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris.     Lat.  49°  12'  N.;  Ion.  2°  35'  E. 


Pop.  6537.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  a  communal 
college,  remains  of  an  ancient  castle,  a  public  library  of 
11,000  volumes,  and  a  theatre. 

Senmanat,  s8n-mi-nitt',  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
amd  12  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1728. 

SenU)  sfin  (ano.  Gx'ne),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  25 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Mosul,  on  the  Tigris,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  the  Zab. 

Senna,  a  town  of  East  Africa.  See  Sena. 
Senna,  a  town  of  Persia.  See  Sinna. 
Sennaar,  or  Sennar,  sdn-n3,r',  a  district  of  Northeast 
Africa,  subject  to  Egypt,  and  forming  a  part  of  Nubia,  is  sit- 
uated on  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  (Blue  Nile),  between  the  paral- 
lels of  12°  and  15°  45'  N.  lat.  The  junction  of  the  two  great 
arms  of  the  Nile,  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  and  the  Bahr-el-Abiad, 
is  in  lat.  15°  37'  N.  The  tract  between  these  two  rivers, 
increasing  S.  to  a  width  of  2  or  3  days'  journey  (50  or  60 
miles),  is  called  by  the  Arabs  the  island  of  Sennaar.  The 
towns  or  villages  lie  chiefly  along  the  banks  of  the  Blue 
River,  or  Bahr-el-Azrek.  The  country  has  Abyssinia  on  the 
E.  and  Kordofan  on  the  W.,  from  which  latter  the  White 
Nile  divides  it.  It  is  mostly  an  elpvated  and  partly  forest- 
clad  plain.  Area,  60,000  square  miles.  Pop.  variously  est> 
mated  between  600,000  and  1,500,000. 

The  argillaceous  soil  is  retentive  of  water,  and  when  re- 
freshed by  rain  (for  these  rich  plains  are  nowhere  reached 
by  the  waters  of  the  Nile)  becomes  exceedingly  fertile.  But 
in  the  dry  season  it  has  an  aspect  of  the  most  dismal  ster- 
ility. This  naturally  prolific  plain  rarely  presents  to  view 
the  luxuriant  vegetation  whicn  might  be  expected  so  near 
the  equator.  As  soon  as  the  rain  falls,  the  arid  and  dreary 
waste  becomes  a  sea  of  mire,  and  on  this,  without  any  prepa- 
ration, is  sown  the  durra  {Sorghum  vulgare),  the  char- 
acteristic produce  of  Sennaar.  In  three  months  and  a  half, 
or  about  the  end  of  October,  the  whole  plain,  far  and  wide, 
waves  with  the  ripe  grain,  and  the  harvest  is  gathered. 
Near  Khartoom,  the  extensive  inundated  tracts  on  the  Bahr- 
el-Abiad  are  sown,  on  the  retirement  of  the  floods,  with  kid- 
ney-beans and  afterwards  with  durra.  In  the  latitude  of 
Sennaar  the  chick-pea  takes  the  place  of  the  kidney-bean. 
Immediately  before  and  at  times  during  the  rains,  the 
heat  is  insupportable,  the  thermometer  in  a  tent  rising  to 
119°  Fahrenneit.  Then  come  the  fevers  and  dysentery, 
which  are  most  fatal  on  the  plain.  In  winter  the  thermom- 
eter often  falls  to  60°,  and  the  atmosphere  is  so  frpe  from 
humidity  that  meat  will  dry  without  decomposing. 

The  population  of  Sennaar  is  of  a  very  mixed  character. 
The  better  classes  have  generally  handsome  features  and 
well-proportioned  figures.  The  houses  are  built  of  sun- 
dried  bricks,  and  roofed  with  halfa  (a  grass),  durra  straw, 
or  reeds,  the  material  used  varying  in  position  with  respect 
of  the  rains.  More  than  half  of  the  population  are  negro 
slaves.  The  upper  classes  spend  a  life  of  utter  indolence 
and  idle  dissipation.  All  classes  love  intoxication,  and 
drink  an  inebriating  beer  made  from  durra,  or  brandy  dis- 
tilled from  it.  The  property  of  land  is  here  absolute,  and 
not  resnmable  by  the  sovereign,  as  is  generally  the  case 
throughout  Africa.  The  people,  though  subdued  by  the 
Mohammedans,  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  been  converted 
by  them.  They  have  forgotten  Christianity,  but  while  pro- 
fessing the  faith  of  the  Koran  they  observe  few  of  its 
precepts.  They  rear  and  eat  pork,  they  neither  wash  nor 
pray,  and  most  of  their  villages  are  without  mosques. 

Besides  Sennaar,  the  capital,  numerous  villages  are  situ- 
ated on  the  Nile  below  it.  The  most  important  are  Dekin, 
the  ancient  capital;  Wad  Medina  (in  14°  25'  N.  lat.), 
now  nearly  as  large  as  Sennaar;  Misselemiah,  20  miles 
lower  down,  the  chief  place  of  trade  on  the  river;  and 
Kalamin,  where  some  manufactories  have  been  established. 
The  popular  traditions  of  Sennaar  represent  that  country 
as  the  original  seat  of  the  Macrobii,  whom  Herodotus  men- 
tions as  the  most  remote  of  the  Ethiopians  and  as  a  people 
whose  gold  provoked  the  cupidity  of  Cambyses.  As  Chris- 
tianity spread  up  the  Nile  it  was  soon  received  by  the  de- 
scendants of  the  Egyptians,  and  in  the  tenth  century  the 
most  flourishing  state  in  Ethiopia  was  the  Christian  king- 
dom of  Aiwa,  on  the  Blue  River,  with  Soba  for  its  capital. 
The  ruins  of  Soba  may  now  be  recognized  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  about  15  miles  above  Khartoom. 

Sennaar,  or  Sennar,  a  city  of  the  above  country,  ia  1 
situated  in  lat.  13°  34'  N.,  Ion.  33°  30'  E.,  in  the  midst  of 
a  vast  plain.     It  was  once  large  and  well  built,  but  now  j 
lies  for  the  most  part  in  ruins.     Its  population  has  fallen  i 
from  30,000  to  less  than  4000. 

Senne,  sSn'n§h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  falls  into  the  Demer  \ 
a  little  below  Mechlin. 

Sennecey-le-Grand,  sinn^si'-l^h-grftN",  a  town  of  j 


SEN 


2435 


SER 


France,  in  Sa6ne-et- Loire,  on  the  Paris  k  Lyons  Railway, 
22  miles  N.  of  Macon.     Pop.  1798. 

Senneef,  Sennif,  sdn'neef,  or  Snk-el-Jumahh, 
Book-61-joo*mlH'(?),  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  in  a  well- 
cultivated  valley,  100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mocha.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Sennernt)  sSn'n^r-oot^  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Greenland,  N.  of  Cape  Desolation.     Lat.  61°  28'  N. 

Sen'net,  a  post-village  in  Sennet  township,  Cayuga 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Auburn,  and  21  miles  W.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches.  Limestone  abounds  here. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1603. 

Seunfeld,  sdnn'fdlt,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine.     Pop.  1230. 

Sennheim,  sfinn'hime  (Fr.  Gernay,  85K^ni'),atown  of 
Germany,  in  Upper  Alsace,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Mul- 
hausen.     It  has  extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  3965. 

Seunif,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Senneef. 

Senno,  sdn'no,  or  Sienno,  se-in'no,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  72  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moheelev.     P.  2508. 

Sennori,  sen-no'ree,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2335. 

SennAvald,  sdnn'i^&lt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2856. 

Senoia,  se-noi'a,  a  post- village  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Savannah,  GriflSn  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad,  16  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Newnan.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  5 
churches. 

Senones,  an  ancient  name  of  Sens. 

Senones,  s^h-non',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Dig.  Pop.  2542.  It  has  cotton-mills, 
nail-works,  Ac. 

Senonois,  or  Senonais*  s^h-no^n^',  an  old  district 
of  France,  of  which  Sens  was  the  capital,  and  now  forming 
the  greater  part  of  the  departments  of  Yonne  and  Aube. 

Senoo-Deboo,  or  Senou-Debou,  sd,^noo'-d&'boo', 
a  village  of  Senegambia,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  Falemg.  Lat. 
14°  22'  N.;  Ion.  12°  20' W. 

Se-Ool,  Se-Oul,  or  Se-Ul,  si^ool',  the  capital  city 
of  Corea.    See  King-Ki-Tao. 

SenS)  sftiv"  (anc.  Agedin'cum,  afterwards  Sen' ones),  a 
city  of  France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yonne, 
and  on  the  railway  to  Paris  and  Lyons,  61  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Paris.  Lat.  48°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  17'  E.  Pop.  12,251.  Its 
walls,  and  various  other  buildings,  are  of  Roman  construc- 
tion. Its  cathedral  contains  the  tombs  of  historical  per- 
sonages. It  has  a  lycie  or  college,  a  museum  of  antiquities, 
a  public  library,  an  episcopal  seminary,  theatre,  a  suburb 
on  an  island  in  the  Yonne,  here  crossed  by  two  bridges,  a 
tribunal  of  commerce,  ohamber  of  manufactures,  distilleries, 
tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  serge,  razors,  buttons,  dials, 
and  nails.  Under  the  Romans  it  was  the  capital  of  the 
fourth  Lyonnaise,  and  an  episcopal  see,  founded  in  the 
third  century. 

Sensburg,  sSns'bSSRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  61  miles  S.W. 
<»f  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  3321. 

Sen'terfitt)  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Sen'tinel^  a  post-hamlet  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  about  38 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portage  City. 

Sentinelle,  La,  li  sfiNo^e-nfil',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  arrondissement  of  Valenciennes.  Here  are  iron- 
furnaces,  forges,  Ac.     Pop.  2646. 

Sen'tinel  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co., 
Mo.,  40  miles  W.  of  Lebanon. 

Seu'tinels,  North  and  South,  two  small  islets  in  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  W.  of  the  Great  and  Little  Andaman 
Islands.     Lat.  11°  N. ;  Ion.  93°  E. 

Sentipac,  sdn-te-p&k',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ja- 
lisco, near  the  Pacific,  25  miles  S.  of  Aeaponeta. 

Sentis,  sSn'tis,  or  Hoch-Sentis,  h5K-sdn'tis,  a  moun- 
tain of  Switzerland,  6  miles  S.  of  Appenzell.  Height  above 
the  sea,  8232  feet. 

Seny,  a  town  of  Croatia.     See  Zbngg. 

Seo  de  Urgel,  si'o  dk  oor-hSI',  a  city  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  67  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida,  in  a  plain  among  the 
Pyrenees.  It  has  an  ancient  cathedral,  a  court-house,  a 
nunnery,  and  a  bishop's  palace.  It  was  sacked  by  the  French 
in  1792.     Pop.  3089. 

Se^oga'nm,  or  SuUga'on,  a  native  state  of  India,  in 
Myhee  Caunta.     Pop.  10,104. 

Se^oha'ra,  or  Siohara,  se^o-h&'ri,  a  town  of  India, 
Bijnaur  district.    Lat.  29°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  39'  E.    P.  8340. 

Seo'la,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Toledo  & 
Ann  Arbor  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toledo,  0. 

Seou,  si' on,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
on  the  Aa,  6  miles  B.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1794. 


Seo'nee,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Seonee  district,  80 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  10,621, 

Seonee  J  a  district  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  traversed 
by  the  Satpoora  Mountains.  Area,  3123  square  miles. 
Capital,  Seonee.     Pop.  229,856. 

Seonee,  or  Sewonee,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Hoshungabad.     Pop.  7579. 

Separa'tion,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Sepes  Yarallya,  Hungary.    See  Kirchdorf. 

Sepino,  s&-pee'no,  or  Supino,  soo-pee'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Campobasso.  Pop. 
3736.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  paper.  Near 
it  are  the  supposed  remains  of  the  ancient  Sepinus, 

Sepita,  a  town  of  Bolivia.    See  Zepita. 

Sepolcro,  San.    See  Borgo  San  Sepolcro. 

Sepphoris,  an  ancient  name  of  Sepoorieh. 

Sepsi-Szent-Gyorgy,  shSp'shee^-sfint-dyoRdj,  a  vil- 
lage of  Transylvania,  in  Szekler-Land,  on  the  Aloota,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Kronstadt.     Pop.  4366. 

Septa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ceuta. 

Sept-Fr6res,  sit-fraiR  (i.e.,  "seven  brothers"),  a 
group  of  islets  off  the  N.  coast  of  Hayti,  opposite  Monta 
Christi. 

Septimanca,  the  ancient  name  of  Sihancas. 

Septimer,  sStHee-maiR'  or  sdp'te-m^r,  one  of  the  Swiss 
Alps,  canton  of  Grisons,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Chur.  There  is 
a  pass  across  it,  7611  feet  in  height,  leading  from  East 
Switzerland  into  Italy. 

Sept-Isles,  s£t-eel  (i.e.,  "seven  islands"),  a  gronp 
belonging  to  France,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Brittany,  in  Cdtes- 
du-Nord,  10  miles  N.  of  Lannion.  Lat.  48°  52'  48"  N.  ; 
Ion.  3°  29'  15"  W.  The  Ile  aux  Moines  is  the  largest 
and  only  inhabited  island. 

Septmoncel,  sdt^m^No^sdll',  a  frontier  village  of 
France,  in  Jura,  in  the  mountains,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Ge- 
neva. Pop.  1319,  who  manufacture  toys  and  artificial  gems. 

Sepul'ga,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Sepnlga  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Conecuh  co.,  and  enters  the  Conecuh 
River  in  the  E.  part  of  Escambia  co. 

Sepniveda,  sd,-pool-vd,'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Segovia.     Pop.  1920. 

Sepulveda,  si-pool-vi'd&,  a  station  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Sequana,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Seine. 

Sequarema,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Saquareua. 

Sequatchie,  se-kwatch'ee,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Sequatchie  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  beech,  hickory,  maple, 
oak,  Ac.  This  county  comprises  part  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountain  or  Table-Land  and  part  of  Walden's  Ridge.  In- 
dian corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone, iron,  and  coal  abound  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital, 
Dunlap.     Pop.  in  1870, 2335  ;  in  1880,  2565 ;  in  1890, 3027. 

Sequatchie,  or  Sequatchee,  a  river  of  Tennessee, 
rises  in  Bledsoe  co.,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through 
the  table-land  called  Cumberland  Mountain.  It  intersects 
the  COS.  of  Sequatchie  and  Marion,  and  enters  the  Ten- 
nessee River  near  Jasper.  The  valley  of  this  river  is  a 
straight,  narrow  trough,  60  miles  long  and  from  3  to  5  miles 
wide,  and  is  bordered  on  each  side  by  steep  and  high  bluffs. 

Sequatchie,  or  Sequatchee,  a  post-village  of 
Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles  by  rail  N.  by  B.  of  Jasper. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
sewing-machines. 

Sequillo,  si-keel'yo,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  between 
the  provinces  of  Palencia  and  Leon,  flows  first  S.W.,  past 
Medina  de  Rio  Seoo,  and,  after  a  course  of  80  miles,  joins 
the  Valderaduey. 

Ser  and  Mer,  Himalayas.    See  Mer  and  Ser. 

Serafshan,  Russia.    See  Zerafshan. 

Serai,  ak-rV,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Viia. 

Seraia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Eahbalia. 

Seraievo,  Sera^ievo,  or  Seraio.    See  Bosna  Serai. 

Serain,  or  Serein,  s^h-riN*',  a  river  of  France,  de- 
partments of  C6te-d'0r  and  Yonne,  after  a  N.W.  course  of 
75  miles,  past  Noyers  and  Chablis,  joins  the  Yonne  S  miles 
N.  of  Auxerre. 

Seraing,  SQh-r&No',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the  Meuse, 
5  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Liege.  Pop.  19,414.  Here  is 
the  former  residence  of  the  prince-bishops  of  Liege.  It  has 
coal-mines  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines,  locomotives, 
iron-wares,  and  machinery. 


SER 


2436 


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Serampore,  s5r^im-pSr',  or  Ser'ampoor',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hoogly,  opposite  Barrack- 
poor,  and  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  extensive  and  long-established  Baptist  missionary  estab- 
lishment, and  has  a  college  and  a  large  library.  It  was  for 
many  years  the  capital  of  the  Danish  India  settlements,  but 
was  purchased  by  the  East  India  Company  in  1845.  By  the 
Danes  it  was  called  Frederiksnagar.  It  has  manufactures 
of  paper  and  mats. 

Seran,  seh-rfiu"',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Ain, 
joins  the  Rhone  near  Rochfort,  after  a  S.  course  of  25  miles. 

Serangani  (se-r&n-g&'nee)  Isles,  a  cluster  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  between  lat.  5°  and  6°  N.,  off  the  S. 
extremity  of  Mindanao. 

Serang-Laut,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Ceram-Lattt. 

Seravezza,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Sehravezza. 

Serawatty  (sfir-a-wit'tee)  Islands,  written  also 
Serwatty,  a  group  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  E.  of  the 
island  of  Timor,  and  consisting  of  the  islands  of  Serawatty, 
Loean,  Letti,  Moa,  &c. 

Serawatty,  the  largest  of  the  Serawatty  Islands,  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  E.  end  of  Timor.  Lat.  8° 
25'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  E.     Length,  about  6  miles. 

Serayoe,  si-ri-yoo',  a  river  of  Java,  provinces  of 
Baglen  and  Banjoemaas.  It  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Indian  Ocean  E.  of  Tjilatjap. 

Serbia,  the  Slavonic  name  of  Servia. 

Ser'bin,  a  small  post-Tillage  of  Lee  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Austin. 

Serchio,  s4R'ke-o,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  enters  the 
Mediterranean  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pisa,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  55  miles. 

Sercq,  English  Channel.    See  Sark. 

Serdova,  or  Serdoba,  sdR-do'b&,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  government  of  Saratov,  flows  N.W.  past  the 
town  of  Serdovsk,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  70  miles, 
joins  the  Khoper. 

Serdovol,  Serdobol,  sfir-do-vol',  or  Sordoevala, 
Bor-do-vi'lS,  (Finnish,  Sardawala,  saR-di-w4'li),  a  town 
of  Finland,  lasn  and  90  miles  N.E.  of  Viborg,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Serdovsk,  or  Serdobsk,  sfiRMovsk',  a  town  and 
agricultural  district  of  Russia,  government  and  107  miles 
N.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the  Serdova.     Pop.  12,202. 

Sered,  sdr'dd  or  si'rdt,  a  river  of  Austrian  Oalicia,  in 
its  E.  part,  rises  10  miles  S.  of  Brody,  flows  through  a  suc- 
cession of  small  lakes  and  S.  past  Tarnopol,  and  joins  the 
Dniester  5  miles  S.E.  of  Zaiesczyky.     Length,  120  miles. 

Sereek,  or  Serik,  sa-reek',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Kerman,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Jask,  on  the  Straits  of  Ormus. 

Seregellyes,  siVi^ghfiU'yish^  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.     Pop.  3441. 

Seregno,  si-r5n'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  N.  of  Milan  by  railway.     Pop.  5644. 

Sereiihac,  s§h-ri^yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  of  commune,  2142. 

Serein,  a  river  of  France.     See  Serain. 

Sereja,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Serezha. 

Sere'na,  a  post- village  in  Serena  township.  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Fox  River  line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has 
manufactures  of  stoves  and  tin-ware.  The  township  is 
bounded  E.  by  Fox  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1076. 

Serena,  La,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Coquimbo. 

Serendib,  an  old  name  of  Cetlon. 

Serenhem,  si-rin-yfin»',  or  Formosa,  foB-mo'si,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  and  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pernambuco, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  Serenhem,  15  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1200. 

Sere 'no,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pine  township,  Columbia 
00.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.  by  S.  of  DanviUe.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Seres,  sfir'fis,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 47  miles  N.E.  of  Salonioa,  in  lat.  41°  4'  N.,  Ion.  23° 
36'  E.  Pop.  30,000.  It  is  well  built,  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  commanded  by  a  citadel.  The  houses  are  interspersed 
with  gardens,  numerous  mosques,  churches,  fountains,  Ac, 
and  the  town  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Sereth,  sSr^St'  or  si^rfit'  (anc.  Ararua),  a  river  of  Buko- 
wina  and  Roumania,  rises  43  miles  S.W.  of  Czernowitz, 
flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube  5  miles  W.  of  Galatz. 
Total  course,  nearly  270  miles.  The  principal  aflEluents  are 
the  Bistritz,  Suczawa,  Moldava,  and  Tatros  from  the  W., 
and  the  Berlat  from  the  E. 

Sereth,  s&-rdt',  or  Sireth,  se-r£t',  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Bukowina,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Czernowitz,  on  the  Sereth. 
Pop.  6486. 


Serezha,  or  Sereja,  si-ri'zhi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  government  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  flows  W.S.W., 
and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  the  Tesha  on  the 
frontiers  of  Vladimeer. 

Serfo,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Serpho. 

Sergatch,  Sergatsh,  or  Sergatsch,  sflR-gatch',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  85  miles  S.E.  of  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod.     Pop.  3629. 

Ser'geant,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.     Pop.  119. 

Sergeant  Bluffs,  a  post-village  in  Woodbury  town- 
ship, Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  &,  Pacifio 
Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Sioux  City,  and  about  2  miles  E. 
of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  brick-yard,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  2  potteries  for  stone-ware. 

Sergeantsville,  ser'j^nts-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  in  Delaware  township,  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Serghievsk,  or  Sergievsk,  sSr-ghe-Svsk',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Samara,  on  the 
Sok.  It  is  defended  by  forts.  Near  it  are  several  sulphur 
springs.     Pop.  31,413. 

Sergipe,  sfiR-zhee'p4,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
Serra  Tabanga,  state  of  Sergipe,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the 
Yazabarris  about  8  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sergipe,  or  Sergipe  del  Rey,  sSR-zhee'pi  ddl  tk, 
a  state  of  Brazil,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Alagoas,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  Sao  Francisco,  E.  by  the 
Atlantic,  S.  and  W.  by  Bahia.  Lat.  from  10°  30'  to  11'' 
32'  S.  Area,  7370  square  miles.  The  coast-line,  stretch- 
ing about  130  miles,  is  low  and  sandy.  At  a  considerable 
distance  inland  the  ground  rises  into  mountains.  The 
only  rivers  of  consequence,  besides  the  Sao  Francisco,  are  the 
Vazabarris,  the  Sergipe,  and  the  Cotindiba.  The  leading 
crops  are  cotton,  sugar-cane,  manioc,  tobacco,  millet,  rice, 
and  flax ;  and  many  mules,  horses,  and  cattle  are  reared. 
The  minerals  seem  confined  to  rock-crystals,  limestone, 
and  saltpetre.     Capital,  Aracajd.     Pop.  232,640. 

Sergipe,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Sao  Christovao. 

Seriate,  si-re-4'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
about  1  mile  E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  2461. 

Serido,  s4-ree'do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  state 
of  Parahiba,  proceeds  N.E.,  passes  the  town  of  Villa- 
novo  do  Principe,  and  30  miles  below  joins  the  Piranhas. 
Length,  120  miles. 

Sirignan,  s4Veen^yfiK»',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  B^ziers.    Pop.  2317.    Brandy  is  made  here. 

Serik,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Sbreek. 

SerUnagnr',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  British  Gurh- 
wal,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hurdwar,  in  lat.  30°  11'  N.,  Ion. 
78°  44'  E.     Pop.  1600. 

SerUnagnr',  now  generally  written  Srinagar,  also 
sometimes  Sirinagar,  and  often  called  Cashmere,  a 
town  of  India,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Cashmere,  in  the  Vale 
of  Cashmere,  and  on  both  sides  of  the  Jhylum,  173  miles  N. 
of  Lahore,  and  in  lat.  34°  5'  N.,  Ion.  74°  43'  E.  It  is  pic- 
turesque in  situation,  but  dilapidated,  and  is  widely  cele- 
brated for  its  shawls,  silks,  and  rose-attar,  and  for  the  float- 
ing gardens  in  a  lake  near  the  town.  Pop.  51,085.  It  is  the 
capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name.  Area,  2550  square 
miles.     Pop.  132,681. 

Seringapatam,  s§r-ing^ga-pa-tam'  (anc.  Sri-Eunga 
puttun,  "  city  of  Vishnu"),  a  town  of  Mysore,  India,  on  an 
island  in  the  Cavery,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mysore.  It  was  once 
strongly  fortified,  and  occupied  a  prominent  place  in  the 
history  of  British  India.     Pop.  10,594. 

Seringham,  s^r-ing'gfim  (native,  Strirungum),  a  town 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  2  miles 
N.  of  Trichinopoly,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  river  Cole- 
roon  and  its  branch  the  Cavery.  On  it  are  pagodas  of 
high  repute.     Pop.  11,271. 

Serino,  s4-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Avellino,  on  the 
Sabato,  6  miles  S.S.B.  of  Avellino.  Pop.  of  commune, 
6562.     Near  it  are  remains  of  the  ancient  Sebastia. 

Serio,  s4're-o,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  after  a 
S.  course  of  65  miles,  joins  the  Adda  7  miles  S.  of  Crema. 

Seijan,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Kerman. 

Serk,  one  of  the  Channel  Islands.     See  Sark. 

Serle  (s§rl)  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  a  coral  island  ot 
the  Low  Archipelago,  W.N.W.  of  Clermont-Tonnerre.  Lat. 
18°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  137°  2'  W.     Length,  7  miles. 

Sermaize,  s5R^m4z',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marne,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Vitry-le-Francois.  Pop.  2585.  It  has 
noted  medicinal  springs. 

Sermty,  S9r^m4j',  a  village  of  Persian  Koordistan,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Kerah,  S.  of  Behistun. 

Sermide,  s8R-mee'd4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Mantua,  on 
the  Po,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Revere.     Pop.  of  commune,  666^ 


SER 


2437 


SER 


Sermin,  sdR^meen',  a  town  of  Syria,  20  miles  6.W.  of 
Aleppo.     Its  inhabitants  are  Kurds  and  Arabs. 

Serraioue)  sfiR-me-o'n&,  or  Sirmiouey  slR-me-o'ni 
(anc.  Sirmio),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bresoia,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  S.  part  of  Lago  di  Oarda. 

Sernache  do  bom  Jardin,  s6R-n&'sh&  do  h&!st»  zhaR- 
deeN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  60  miles  from 
Crato.  .  Pop.  2603. 

Sernache  dos  Alhos*  s£R-n&'Bh&  dooe  il'yooe,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Douro,  4  miles  from  Coimbra.     Pop.  2309. 

Serohee,  Sirohi,  or  Sarowy,  sa-ro'wee,  a  native 
state  of  India,  having  Joodpoor  on  the  N.,  Oodeypoor  on 
the  E.,  and  Myhee  Caunta  on  the  S.  Area,  3200  square 
miles.  It  is  under  British  control.  Capital,  Serohee,  a 
town  62  miles  W.  of  Oodeypoor.     Total  pop.  65,000. 

Seron,  si-rOn',  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  N.  of  Almeria. 
Pop.  6538.     It  has  iron-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Seroor^  s&Voor',  a  military  station  of  British  India,  dis- 
trict and  44  miles  N.E.  of  Poonah.  Its  main  street  is  spa- 
cious, and  lined  with  the  bungalows  of  ofSoers,  to  which 
handsome  gardens  are  atta.ohed. 

Seros,  si'ros,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  16  miles 
S.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Segre.     Pop.  of  commune,  2827. 

Serowitz,  s4'ro-^its\  or  Zerowicz,  zA'ro-^its*,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2034. 

Serpa,  sfiR'pi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  near 
the  Guadiana,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Beja.     Pop.  6638. 

Serpeisk,  sdr-p^k',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kalooga.     Pop.  1936. 

Ser'pent,  a  river  of  Canada,  formed  by  a  chain  of  lakes, 
flows  W.S.W.  for  many  miles,  and  falls  into  the  N.  channel 
of  Lake  Huron  W.  of  Spanish  River. 

Serpentaria,  sdR-pdn-t&'re-&,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
an  islet  ofif  the  S.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Serpentin,  sdr^pdn-teen'(?),  or  Shat-el-Hie^  sh&t- 
el-he'i,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  branches  off  from  the 
Tigris  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  at  Koot-al-Hamarah, 
flows  S.  for  about  100  miles,  and  joins  the  Euphrates  on  the 
left  by  several  mouths,  near  Arja,  about  60  miles  above 
Korna. 

Ser'pent  Island,  or  Adasi,  a  small  island  of  Rou- 
mania,  in  the  Black  Sea,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Danube,  in  lat.  45°  15'  30"  N.,  Ion.  30°  14'  12"  E. 

Serpent  Island,  British  West  Indies,  one  of  the  Vir- 
gin Islands,  is  ofif  the  S.  extremity  of  Porto  Rico. 
V Serpents,  Isle  of.    See  Isle  of  Serpents. 
Berpez,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Sierpec. 
Serpho,  Serfo,  sflR'fo,  or  Serphan'to  (anc.  Seri'- 
phos,  or  Seri'phus),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
24  miles  W.  of  Syra.     Lat.  37°  10'  N.;  Ion.  24°  30'  E. 
Area,  20  square  miles.     Pop.  600.     From  it  much  fine  iron 
ore  is  shipped. 

Serpho,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Serpho  Poolo,  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  on  its  S.E.  side. 

Serpho  Poolo,  or  Serpho  Palo,  sSR'fo  poo'lo,  an 
islet  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Serpho. 

Serpookhov,  Serpoukhov,  or  Serpuchow,  sSr- 
poo-Kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  56  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Moscow,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Nera  and  Serpeika 
with  the  Oka.  Pop.  22,418.  It  consists  of  the  town 
proper,  the  kreml  or  citadel,  and  a  large  suburb,  and  has  a 
cathedral,  upwards  of  20  other  churches,  a  large  market- 
place, extensive  public  magazines,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Serra  Capriola,  sdR'R&  k&-pre-o'l&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Foggia,  13  miles  N.W.  of  San  Severe.  Pop. 
6147.     It  has  2  collegiate  churches  and  4  annual  fairs. 

Serra  da  Estrella,  sSr'r&  di  dE-trdl'l&,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  extending  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.  for  about  75  miles,  and  having  one  peak  which 
rises  to  8200  feet  in  height. 

Serra  da  Estrella,  s£r'r&  dS,  ds-trdl'l&,  a  mountain- 
chain  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Length,  from 
B.  to  W.,  about  18  miles ;  average  height,  3400  feet. 

Serra  de  Gerez,  sSr'r^  dA  zh&'rfiz,  a  mountain- 
chain  of  Portugal,  a  branch  of  the  mountains  of  Asturias, 
situated  between  the  basins  of  the  Douro  and  the  Minho,  to 
the  W.  of  Montalegre.  It  stretches  about  18  miles  from  N. 
to  S.,  and  is  generally  composed  of  a  succession  of  lofty 
granitic  peaks.  Its  culminating  point,  the  Murro  de  Bura- 
geiro,  has  a  height  of  4296  feet. 

Serra  de  Monchique,  sdR'R&  d&  mon-shee'ki,  a 
mountain-chain  of  Portugal,  bounding  N.  the  province  of 
Algarve.  La  Foya,  its  culminating  point,  is  4079  feet  in 
elevation. 

Serra  di  Falco,  sSr'r^  dee  f&l'ko,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  6948. 


Serradilla,  La,  1&  siR'R&-Deel'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  province  and  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1650. 

Serra  di  Santo  Stefano,  sAr'r^  dee  s&n'to  st£f'&-no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Squillace.  Pop.  3400.  It  has  a  castle,  and  was 
founded  by  the  Normans  in  the  eleventh  century. 

Serra  Itabaianna  (or  Itabayanna),  8Ir'r&  e-tJU 
bi-&n'n&,  a  mountain  of  Brazil,  the  loftiest  and  most  exten- 
sive in  the  state  of  Sergipe  del  Rey.  It  is  supposed  to 
contain  mines  of  gold. 

Serramanna,  sdR-R&-m&n'n&,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  18 
miles  N.N.W.of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2770. 

Serrana,  s^R-R&'ni,  and  Serranilla,  s^R-Ri-ned'yi, 
are  islets  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  between  lat.  14°  and  16° 
N.,  Ion.  80°  W. 

Serra  Pacaraima,  Brazil.    See  Mount  Pacaraiha. 

Serra  San  Bruno,  sSr'rI  sin  broo'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  20  miles  E.  of  Monteleone. 
Pop.  3630. 

Serrastretta,  sfiR-R4-str5t'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Catanzaro,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2823. 

Serravalle,  s^R-ni-vil'Ii,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Mantua,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Ostiglia,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Po.     Pop.  2119. 

Serravalle,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles  N. 
of  Treviso.  Pop.  5562.  It  has  a  cathedral,  manufactures 
of  wool  and  silk,  and  active  exports  of  corn,  wine,  and 
honey  into  Tyrol. 

Serravalle,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Pistoja.     Pop.  of  commune,  6574. 

Serravalle,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Genoa, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Po.     Pop.  2889. 

Serravalle  di  Sesia,  sdR-ni-vil'lidee  si'se-i,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia,  2^  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Borgo  Sesia.     Pop.  1102. 

Serravezza,  siR-r&-vdt's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  22  miles  W.  of  Lucca,  with  quarries  of  fine  marble. 
Pop.  of  commune,  8025. 

Serre,  s£r  or  saiR,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Ardennes  and  Aisne,  after  a  W.  course  of  60  miles  joins  the 
Oise  near  La  F6re. 

Serre,  Le,  li  s^r'rI,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, near  the  Calore.     Pop.  2779. 

Serrente,  s^R-Rin'ti,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2118. 

Serrito,  sdR-Ree'to,  or  Jaguarfto,  zh&-|w&-r5wii>',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  76  miles  S.W. 
of  the  town  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.     Pop.  3000. 

Serro  Frio,  s^R'ro  free'o,  or  Villa  do  Principe, 
veel'li  do  preen'se-pi,  a  town  -of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  4000. 

Sert,  s^Rt,  or  Iserd,  e-siRd'  (anc.  Tigranocer'ta),  a 
town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  90  miles  E.  of  Diarbekir,  near 
the  Ehaboor. 

Servance,  sSrVSnss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sadne,  on  the  Oignon,  near  the  Ballon  d'Alsace,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Lure. 

Servi,  sdR'vee,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  ofiT  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Morea,  6  miles  N.  of  Cerigo,  4  miles  long. 

Servia,  s^r've-^i  (Slavonic,  Serbia,  ai^'he-k;  Qer.  Ser- 
hien,  s4r'be-§n ;  Fr.  Servie,  sdRVee' ;  Turk.  Seerb  or  Syrp  / 
anc.  Moe'sia  Supe'rior,  with  a  part  of  Ulyr'icum),  a  king- 
dom of  Europe ;  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Save,  sep- 
arating it  from  Austria ;  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Dan- 
ube, separating  it  from  Hungary  and  from  Roumania ;  on 
the  B.  by  Bulgaria;  on  the  S.  by  Mounts  Argentaro  or 
Egrisoo,  and  Gliubotin,  forming  a  continuation  of  the 
Balkan,  and  separating  it  from  Macedonia ;  on  the  S.W.  by 
Albania ;  and  on  the  W.  by  Bosnia,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated towards  the  S.W.  by  the  Ibar  and  towards  the  N.W. 
by  the  Drin;  lat.  42°  to  45°  N.,  Ion.  19°  20'  to  22°  50'  E.; 
greatest  length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  240  miles ;  breadth,  in 
the  S.  about  96  miles,  and  in  the  N. about  160  miles;  area, 
18,787  square  miles.  The  surface  has  a  general  slope  to- 
wards the  N.,  but  is  on  the  whole  very  mountainous,  oeing 
traversed  by  ramifications  of  three  great  mountain-chains, 
— the  Carpathians  in  the  N.E.,  the  Balkans  in  the  S.E.  and 
S.,  and  the  Dinario  Alps  in  the  W.  The  summits  are  often 
below  2000  feet,  and  seldom  exceed  3000  feet,  except  on  the 
frontiers,  where  a  height  exceeding  4000  feet  is  attained. 
Many  narrow  and  several  wide  valleys  stretch  between  the 
mountain-ranges;  and  in  the  flatter  parts  of  the  princi- 
pality, particularly  near  the  centre,  along  the  banks  of  the 
Morava,  and  in  the  N.,  along  the  Save  and  Danube,  con- 
siderable plains  occur. 

The  climate  of  Servia  is  somewhat  rigorous  in  the  more 
mountainous  parts,  and  very  mild  in  the  valleys  and  plains. 


i_ 


SER 


2438 


SEV 


In  spring  the  trees  put  on  their  leaves  from  the  15th  to  the 
30th  of  April.  Vegetation  is  vigorous,  both  in  the  moun- 
tainous districts  and  in  the  lower  grounds,  the  former  being 
generally  covered  with  excellent  timber,  among  which, 
where  the  elevation  is  not  very  great,  the  walnut  is  oon- 
Bpicuous;  and  the  latter  being  generally  fertile,  well 
adapted  for  the  ordinary  and  several  of  the  finer  fruits,  for 
the  vine,  for  cotton  in  the  warmest  spots,  and  for  tobacco, 
rice,  maize,  hemp,  flax,  and  the  common  cereals  in  almost 
every  quarter.  Almost  every  branch  of  industry  is  in  a 
backward  state.  The  vine  is  widely  cultivated,  though  but 
indifferent  wine  is  made.  Timber  of  superior  quality  would 
be  a  chief  source  of  wealth  if  facilities  were  afforded  for 
its  export.  Millions  of  hogs,  fed  on  acorns  in  the  splendid 
oak  forests,  are  exported  annually,  and  many  cattle,  sheep, 
and  horses  are  reared.  Gtoat-skins  are  extensively  ex- 
ported. Leeches  and  valonia  are  important  articles  of 
trade.  Iron,  copper,  lead,  mercury,  and  coal  are  met  with, 
but  few,  if  any,  mines  are  wrought.  Manufactures  are  few  j 
the  principal  are  cotton  fabrics. 

Servia  acknowledged  the  supremacy  of  the  Porte  from  1459 
until  1877,  when  its  independence  was  declared.  Before  this 
time  it  had  been  for  fifty  years  under  a  native  Christian 
prince,  and  was  a  tributary  bat  autonomous  state,  several 
times  at  war  with  the  Turks.  The  prince  or  hospodar  in 
1878  assumed  the  title  of  king.  In  1885  the  Servians 
attacked  Bulgaria,  but  were  ignominiously  repulsed.  The 
inhabitants  consist  almost  entirely  of  Serbs,  who  are  of 
the  Slavic  race,  speak  what  is  considered  the  softest  of 
all  the  Slavic  dialects,  have  good  physical  forms,  are  less 
remarkable  for  intellect  than  for  firmness,  courage,  benev- 
olence, and  generosity,  and  are  in  general  ardently  at- 
tached to  the  Greek  church,  which  has  three  archbishoprics 
and  numerous  convents  within  the  kingdom.      Capital, 

Belgrade.      Pop.   in    1891,   2,157,477. Adj.   Servias, 

S9r've-§,n ;  inhab.  Servian  or  Serb. 

Servia^  sir've-i.,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 17  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Olympus,  on  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Thessaly.     It  has  a  large  annual  fair. 

Servian*  B^RVe-&N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6raalt,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Bgziers.     Pop.  2347. 

Service )  s^r'vis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  oo^  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Servians  Lacus*  Italy.    See  Lake  Iseo. 

Serwatty  Islands.    See  Serawatty  Islands. 

Seryah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Eambalia. 

Sesheke*  s4-sh&'ki,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  on  a  river 
of  its  own  name.     Lat.  17°  28'  S. ;  Ion.  26°  50'  E. 

Sesia*  si'se-1  (anc.  Sesai'tea),  a  river  of  North  Italy, 
rises  near  Monte  Rosa,  and,  after  a  S.  course  of  86  miles, 
joins  the  Po  5  miles  E.  of  Casale. 

Seskar,  sds-kaR',  or  Sezkijar,  sds-ke-yaR',  an  island 
of  Russia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  with  a  light-house,  in 
lat.  60°  2'  1"  N.,  Ion.  28°  23'  6"  E. 

Sesma,  sds'm^  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Navarre, 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1388. 

Sessa*  sfis'si  (anc.  Sues'aa  Arun'ca),  an  episcopal  city 
of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Capua. 
Pop.  5517.  It  has  numerous  ecclesiastical  edifices  and  be- 
nevolent institutions. 

SessiteS)  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sesia. 

Sess'or,  a  township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  179. 

Ses'sumsville,  a  post-office  of  Oktibbeha  co..  Miss. 

SestinO)  sfis-tee'no  (L.  Sesti'num),  a  village  of  Italy, 
51  miles  E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2385. 

Sesto,  sSs'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  by  railway 
N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  4583. 

Sesto,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Cremona. 
Pop.  of  commune,  4212. 

Ses'toS)  or  Ces'tos,  a  small  river  of  Liberia,  enters 
the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  5°  30'  N.,  Ion.  9°  35'  W.  Near  its 
mouth  are  the  villages  of  Grand  Sestos  and  Young  Sestos. 

Sesto  San  Giovanni,  sSs'to  sin  jo-vin'nee,  a  village 
of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  5  miles  by  railway  N.N.E.  of  Milan. 
Pop.  2829. 

Sestrabek,  s5s-trS.-bSk',  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  17  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Sestra  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  It  was  founded  by 
Peter  the  Great  in  1716,  and  has  a  manufactory  of  arms. 

Sestre  (or  Sisters),  Great  and  Little,  two  contiguous 
villages  of  Liberia,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Palmas. 

Sestri  a  lievante,  sfis'tree  3,  lA-van'ti,  a  maritime 
town  of  North  Italy,  province  and  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Genoa, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  2157. 

Sestri  a  Ponente,  ses'tree  3,  po-n5n'ti,  a  maritime 
town  of  North  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of  Genoa,  and  having 
many  country  residences  of  its  citizens.     Pop.  9488. 


SestU)  sds-too',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  6 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1566. 

Sestnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Saraceka. 

Se^tang',  a  river  of  Burmah,  after  a  S.  course  estimated 
at  260  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Martaban  by  an  estuary 
50  miles  in  width.     It  is  encumbered  by  shoals  and  islands. 

Setauket)  se-taw'k?t,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven 
township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  Long.  Island 
Sound,  and  on  the  Smithtown  &  Port  Jefferson  Railroad,  56 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  2i  miles  W.  of  Port  Jefferson. 
It  has  2  churches  and  several  ship-yards. 

Se-Tching,  si-ching',  or  See-Tching-Foo,  si- 
ohing-foo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See.  Lat. 
24°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  15'  E. 

Se-Tchoo,  or  Se-Tchoo-Foo,  si-choo-foo',  writ- 
ten also  Sse-Tcheou-Fou,  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Quang-See,  on  the  border  of  Hoo-Nan.  Near  it  are 
mines  of  quicksilver. 

Se>Tchuen,  China.    See  Se-Chuen. 

Sate  liagoasy  si'ti  li-go'is  ("seven  lakes"),  a  collec- 
tion of  lakes  in  Brazil,  so  called  from  their  number,  on 
the  Serra  da  Melgueira,  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  in  lat. 
13°  S.     They  are  the  sources  of  the  Paraguay. 

Setenil  de  las  Bodegas,  si-t&-neel'  d4  lis  bo-ni'- 
gis,  a  town  of  Spain,  72  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  2340. 

Setif,  si-teef  (anc.  Sitijisf),  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov- 
ince and  79  miles  W.S.W.  of  Constantino.     Pop.  4074. 

Setiam  Promontorium,  an  ancient  name  of  Cettb. 

Setledge,  or  Setlej,  India.    See  Sutlej. 

Setonda,  si-ton'd&.  an  islet  of  the  Malay  Arohipela|{0, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Sumbawa. 

Setta,  Bit'tk,  a  town  of  Dahomey,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  • 
Abomey.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  clay  wall.     Pop.  9000. 

Settala,  sSt-ti'li  (anc.  Septara  T),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1366. 

Settefrati,  s4t-tA-fr4'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2248. 

Settia,  a  town  of  Crete.    See  Sitia. 

Settimo,  s£t'te-mo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  7  miles  N.B. 
of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1505. 

Settimo  Torinese,  sfit'te-mo  to-re-n4'si,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2585. 

Settimo  Vittone,  s5t'te-mo  vit-to'ni,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  j 
Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1570. 

Settingiano,  sfit-tin-j4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provino 
and  4  miles  W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1585. 

Settle,  set't^l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  Wes 
Riding,  on  the  Ribble,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Leeds, 
stands  at  the  foot  of  a  height  termed  Castleberg  Cliff,  ani 
has  a  noted  grammar-school  and  a  museum.  Pop.  of  tov 
ship,  2163. 

Settle,  set't^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  l| 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Sett'ler,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  119. 

Settle's  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Platte  co.,  Mo., 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Platte  City. 

Settoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Satoor. 

Setubal,  s4-too'bil,  Setuval,  si-too'v41,  or  SainI 
Ubes,  iibz,  a  seaport  city  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  o^ 
the  N.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Setubal,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
Lisbon.     Lat.  38°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  53'  W.     Pop.  12,728. 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  defended  by  a  castle,  and  has  sever 
churches  and   hospitals,  2   Latin  schools,  a  justice  hall 
broad  quays,  a  convenient  harbor,  and  a  trade  in  muscadfl 
and  white  wines  of  the  vicinity,  cork  bark,  oranges,  lemon 
and  salt.     It  has  an  active  pilchard-fishery,  and  a  larg 
fair  in  July. 

Setzdorf,  sSts'donf,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  aboa 
25  miles  from  Zuckmantel.    Pop.  1810. 

Setzler's  Store,  Pa.    See  Lawrenceville. 

Seudre,  sud'r,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  S.W. 
Charente-Inferieure,  flows  N.N.W.,  nnd  falls  into  the  At 
lantic  opposite  the  Isle  of  016ron.     Length,  50  miles. 

Sengne,  sun,  a  river  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf^rieur 
joins  the  Charente  near  Saintes,  after  a  N.  course  of 
miles  past  Jonzac  and  Pons. 

Se-Ul  or  S6-Oal,  Corea.    See  King-Ki-Tao. 

Seurre,  sur,  a  town  of  France,  in  C8te-d'0r,  on  th 
Sa&ne,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of   Beaune.     Pop.  2514.     It  " 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  nails,  oil,  ropes,  Ac. 

Sevan,  Russian  Armenia.     See  Goktsche-Denghls. 

Sevastopol,  or.Sebastopol,  sflv^as-to'pol  (Gr.2«)Ja 
TOTToAis,  Sebaatop'oUs),  a  town  of  Russia,  once  the  principB 
naval  station  of  the  Russian  fleet  in  the  Black  Sea,  situate 
near  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Crimea,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  poini 


S  (/tr^^^^y't^    i  Ce0  " 


SEV 


2439 


SEV 


of  land  extending  W.  about  10  miles.  Lat.  44°  37'  N. ;  Ion. 
33°  29'  E.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  line  of  railway.  The  view 
of  the  town,  as  seen  from  the  land  side,  is  ver j  striking ; 
it  is  built  on  the  northern  and  eastern  slope  of  an  eminence 
on  the  S.  side  of  a  bay  which  extends  into  the  land  3  or  4 
miles,  with  a  breadth  of  from  800  to  1500  yards,  and  10  or 
12  fathoms  deep,  although  in  its  upper  part  it  haa  only  4  or 
5  fathoms.  This  bay  is  completely  protected  from  all  wind, 
and  has  no  shoals.  Immediately  within  the  entrance  it 
widens  considerably ;  it  is  divided  into  several  branches  or 
small  bays,  called  by  diflFerent  names,  as  Artillery  Bay,  Ac. 
On  the  W.  side  of  the  harbor  is  the  principal  part  of  the 
town.  Here  were  the  admiralty  and  some  ouier  public 
buildings,  while  the  hospitals,  arsenals,  dock-yards,  mag- 
azines, barracks,  &o.,  were  on  the  E.  side.  The  principal 
street  runs  along  the  inner  harbor,  and  is  lined  with  sub- 
stantial houses.  The  town  was  captured  after  a  long  siege 
in  1855  by  the  allied  English,  French,  Italian,  and  Turkish 
armies ;  and  by  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  Russia  was 
not  permitted  to  fortify  the  town  or  to  use  it  as  a  naval  sta- 
tion. Previous  to  this  time  it  was  strongly  fortified.  Pop.  at 
the  time  of  the  siege,  47,000,  chiefly  military  and  naval ;  in 
1886,  26,133.  Sevastopol,  or  a  town  occupying  its  site,  is 
said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Milesians  many  centuries 
before  the  Christian  era.  It  probably  received  the  name 
of  Sehaatopolis  in  the  time  of  the  Byzantine  emperors,  the 
appellation  Auguatxis  (in  Greek,  Se^atrrd?)  being  often  given 
as  an  honorary  title  to  the  Roman  and  Byzantine  emperors. 
In  modern  times  the  place  was  a  petty  Tartar  village,  called 
Akhtiar,  when  it  came  into  possession  of  the  Russians  in 
1783.  The  advantages  which  this  site  afforded  for  a  for- 
tress were  early  perceived  by  Catherine  II.,  and  in  1786 
she  commenced  the  fortifications. 

Sev^asto'pol  (incorrectly,  se-vas'to-pol),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logans- 
port.     It  has  a  church. 

Sevastopol,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Lansing.     Here  is  West  Windsor  Post-OflSce. 

Sevastopol,  a  village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskegon  River, 
about  8  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Muskegon. 

Sevastopol,  a  post-township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  W.  by 
Sturgeon  Bay.     Pop.  866. 

Sevellan,  s^Vel-l&n',  Savelan,  s&V^h-l^n',  or  Sa- 
valan,  siV4-lin',  the  principal  mountain-summit  in  the 
B.  part  of  Azerbaijan,  20  miles  W.  of  Ardabeel.  Estimated 
height,  13,000  feet.     It  is  apparently  an  extinct  volcano. 

Seven  Brothers,  Hayti.    See  SEPT-FBiBEs. 

Sev'en  Fount'ains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  from  Woodstock. 

Seven  Guns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Shawneetown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Seven  Hickory,  Coles  co..  111.    See  Hickoey. 

Seven  Hunters.    See  Flannen  Islands. 

Seven  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  off  the  coast 
of  Alaska.  Lat.  56°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  156°  20'  W.  The  prin- 
cipal islands  of  the  group  are  Agayak,  Foggy,  and  South. 

Seven  Islands,  a  cluster  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  Banca,  from  which  they  are  separated 
by  a  navigable  canal.     Lat.  1°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  105°  24'  E. 

Seven  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Celebes,  about  lat.  0°  33'  N.,  Ion.  119° 
40'  E. 

Seven  Islands,  France.    See  Sept-Isles. 

Seven  Islands,  in  Lapland,  on  the  N.  coast.  Lat. 
68°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  37°  20'  E. 

Seven  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
in  the  province  of  Quebec,  opposite  the  entrance  of  Seven 
Islands  Bay. 

Seven  Islands,  a  post-village  of  Butts  oo.,  Qa.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Forsyth.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Seven  Islands,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  71  miles  above  Richmond. 

Seven  Mile,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  7  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Seven  Mile,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  on  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rich- 
mond A  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has 
an  academy,  3  churches,  and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  229. 

Seven  Mile  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Preble  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  in  Butler  co.,  about 
2  miles  above  Hamilton. 

Seven  Mile  Creek,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis. 
Pop.  796. 


Seven  Mile  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  At> 
lantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Marion. 
It  has  2  stores. 

Seven  Mountains,  Pennsylvania,  a  series  of  eleva- 
tions or  mountains,  situated  on  the  S.W.  corner  of  MifBin 
CO.,  dividing  it  from  Centre  co. 

Sev^euoaks',  a  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  on  a  ridge 
of  hills,  at  a  railway  junction,  22  miles  S.E.  of  London.  It 
has  a  spacious  church,  and  a  grammar-school  founded  in 
the  fifteenth  century.     Pop.  (1891)  7514. 

Seven  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Hemphill  oo.,  Texas. 

Seven  Points,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Lower  Augusta  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  coach-factory.  Seven  roads  meet  here. 

Seven  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  New  Mexico. 

Seven  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.,  Texas. 

Seven  Stars,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
W.  of  Gettysburg. 

Sev'enty- Eight,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  S.  of  Iowa  City. 

Seventy-First,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C 
Pop.  3236. 

Seventy- Six,  township,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.     P.  849. 

Seventy- Six,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  914. 

Seventy- Six,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ky.,  6  mile« 
N.  of  Albany.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Seventy- Six,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  Rao- 
coon  Creek.    See  Independence. 

Seven  Valleys,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  Smyser's  Station,  10  miles  S. 
of  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

S^verak,  s4V§h-rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron, 
24  miles  E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1247. 

Sev'erance,  a  post-village  in  Wolf  Rivei*  township, 
Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph 
A  Denver  City  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Severance,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  258. 

Severek,  si-v§h-r6k',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Diarbekir,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Euphrates. 

Severin,  si-vi-reen',  or  Turnu  Severin,  toor-noo' 
si-vi-reen',  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the 
Danube,  nearly  opposite  Gladova.     Pop.  5000. 

Sev'ern  (anc.  Sabri'nd),  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
England  and  Wales,  rises  in  a  small  lake  in  Montgomery- 
shire, flows  N.E.  until  it  enters  England,  and  then  succes- 
sively S.E.  and  S.W.  to  its  expansion  into  the  Bristol  Chan- 
nel, 12  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.  Total  length,  210  miles. 
The  principal  affluents  are  the  Terne,  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Avon,  the  Leyden,  the  Chilt,  and  the  Frome  from  the  E., 
and  the  Terne,  the  Wye,  the  Usk,  and  the  Taff  from  the  W., 
many  of  which  flow  into  its  estuary.  It  traverses  a  very 
fertile  country,  and  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  Welshpool, 
180  miles.  From  Welshpool  to  Newtown  its  navigation  is 
continued  by  the  Montgomery  Canal,  and  other  canals  con- 
nect it  with  the  Thames,  the  Trent,  the  Mersey,  and  most 
rivers  of  Central  England.  The  tide,  here  termed  the  eagr« 
or  bore,  rushes  into  the  Severn  with  such  violence  that  the 
stream  sometimes  rises  suddenly  9  feet  in  height  at  Glouces- 
ter, and  extensive  embankments  have  accordingly  been 
formed  below  that  city.  The  tide  is  perceptible  in  the  Sev- 
ern 120  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sev'ern,  a  river  of  Ontario,  discharges  the  surplus 
waters  of  Lake  Simcoe  N.W.  into  Georgian  Bay  and  Lake 
Huron.     Length,  about  20  miles. 

Severn,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Canada,  flows 
through  Severn  Lake,  and  enters  Hudson  Bay  on  its  S.W. 
side,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  350  miles. 

Severn,  or  Dumaresque,  doo-ma-resk',  a  river  of 
Australia,  joins  the  Darling  in  lat.  28°  40'  S.,  Ion.  150°  E. 

Sev'ern,  a  short  river  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  about  3  miles 
below  Annapolis,  which  is  on  this  river. 

Severn,  a  station  in  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bal- 
timore. 

Severndroog,  sfiv^fm-droog',  a  small  rocky  island  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the  coast  of  India.  Lat.  17°  46'  N. ; 
Ion.  73°  15'  E. 

Severndroog,  a  hill-fort  of  India.    See  Savindbooo. 

Sevier,  sev-eer',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  547  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  Little  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Roll- 
ing Fork  and  the  Cossatot  (or  Cossitot)  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively 


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covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  osage  orange, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Cretaceous  limestone,  roofing-slate, 
and  lead  (galena)  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Lockes- 
burg.     Pop.  in  1870,  4492 ;  in  1880,  6192 ;  in  1890, 10,072. 

Sevier)  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  French  Broad  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Little  Pigeon  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  pine, 
chestnut,  walnut,  sugar-maple,  &e.  The  soil  of  the  valleys 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  here.  Capi- 
tal, Sevierville,  on  the  Little  Pigeon  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,028 ;  in  1880,  15,641 ;  in  1890,  18,761. 

Sevier^  a  S.  central  county  of  Utah,  has  an  area  of 
about  1872  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Sevier 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Ivie  and  Queat-Chup-Pa  Creeks, 
and  other  streams.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Tushar 
Mountains,  and  contains  extensive  table-lands,  or  arid 
plains,  covered  with  sage  (Artemisia).  The  soil  requires 
irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  The  Sevier  River  runs  in  a 
northeasterly  direction  through  a  long  narrow  valley,  in 
which  timber  is  scarce.  Capital,  Richfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19;  in  1880,  4457;  in  1890,  6199. 

Sevier  Lake,  a  lake  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  125  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Sevier 
River,  and  it  has  no  outlet.  Its  waters  are  very  salt,  and 
only  brine-shrimps  and  insect  larvse  can  inhabit  it.  It  is 
over  20  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  but  is  subject  to  consider- 
able variations  in  elevation  and  dimensions.  Area,  about 
150  square  miles.     Elevation,  1600  feet. 

Sevier  River^  Utah,  rises  in  Iron  co.,  and  runs  nearly 
northward  through  Pi  Ute  and  Sevier  cos.  It  turns  to  the 
left,  runs  westward,  and  finally  southwestward,  in  Millard 
CO.,  where  it  enters  Sevier  Lake.    It  is  200  miles  long. 

Sevierville,  sev-eer'vil,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Sevier 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Little  Pigeon  River,  about  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

S6vignaC)  s&Veen'y&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cdtes- 
du-Nord,  arrondissement  of  Dinan.  Pop.  of  commune, 
3067. 

Sevilan,  Mount,  Persia.    See  Sevellan. 

Seville,  sfiv'il  or  se-vill'  (Sp.  Sevilla,  si-veel'yi;  It. 
Seviglia,  si-veel'yi  ;  Fr.  Seville,  siVeel' ;  the  Hiepalis  of 
the  Romans),  a  city  of  Spain  (of  which  it  was  the  capital 
during  a  part  of  the  Gothic  dynasty),  the  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Guadal- 
quivir, here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats  communicating 
with  its  suburb  Triana,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cadiz. 
Lat.  (La  Giralda)  37°  22'  44"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  0'  59"  W.  Pop. 
118,888.  It  is  surrounded  by  Moorish  walls  about  5  miles  in 
circuit,  having  gates  and  towers,  and  the  ramparts  forming 
public  walks ;  its  interior  has  almost  wholly  an  Oriental 
appearance.  The  cathedral,  a  structure  of  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries,  occupies  the  site  of  a  mosque :  it 
is  400  feet  in  length  by  269  feet  in  breadth,  and  has  a  square 
tower,  337  feet  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  colossal  bronze 
statue  of  Faith.  The  interior  is  still  richly  adorned,  though 
many  of  its  treasures  were  removed  by  the  French,  and  it 
has  numerous  chapels,  pictures  by  Murillo  and  other  great 
artists,  organs,  and  the  tomb  in  which  the  remains  of  Co- 
lumbus were  first  deposited.  Around  this  edifice  are  the 
archbishop's  palace,  the  chapter-house,  the  alcazar,  and  the 
exchange,  in  which  are  the  archives  of  Spanish  America. 
The  alcazar,  a  royal  palace  and  gardens  constructed  in  imi- 
tation of  the  Alhambra  at  Granada,  contains  the  "  Court  of 
Lions,"  hall  of  ambassadors,  royal  apartments,  with  many 
fine  paintihgs,  and  dwellings  which  are  let  out  to  private  in- 
dividuals or  for  lodging-houses.  Before  the  French  revolu- 
tionary invasion  the  city  is  reported  to  have  contained  140 
parish  churches,  besides  numerous  convents,  most  of  which 
are  now  converted  to  other  purposes.  Other  principal  build- 
ings are  29  monasteries,  35  convents,  11  hospitals,  the  city 
hall,  barracks,  prisons,  theatres,  the  cannon-foundry,  ar- 
senal, and  in  the  centre  of  the  city  the  bull-ring,  capable 
of  containing  14,000  spectators.  The  Torre  d'Oro  is  an  oc- 
tagonal tower,  probably  of  Roman  construction  ;  a  Roman 
aqueduct  still  conveys  water  to  the  city  from  Alcald  ;  and 
here  are  other  remains  of  classical  antiquity.  On  one  side  is 
the  Quemadero,  or  "burning-place  of  the  Inquisition,"  near 
which  are  a  large  cemetery  and  the  English  burying-ground. 
The  suburb  Triana,  beyond  the  river,  is  inhabited  chiefly 
by  gypsies  and  smugglers,  and  near  it  is  a  Moorish  dam 
erected  to  prevent  the  effects  of  inundations,  to  which  the 
lower  parts  of  the  city  are  liable.  Seville  is  the  residence 
of  a  captain-general  and  the  seat  of  a  royal  audiencia  and 


of  a  university  establishment  in  what  was  formerly  a  Jesuit 
college,  and  in  which  and  in  the  city  museum  are  many 
paintings.  It  has  a  lyceum  and  other  public  schools,  vari- 
ous scientific  associations,  manufactures  of  silks,  woollen  and 
linen  cloths,  hats,  combs,  soap,  and  earthenwares,  leather- 
factories,  a  government  foundry  of  bronze  and  brass  ord- 
nance, muskets,  and  gunpowder,  an  active  fishery  in  the 
river,  a  coasting-trade,  and  exports  of  oranges,  olives,  and 
oil,  extensively  raised  in  the  vicinity.  The  royal  tobacoo- 
and  cigar-factory  employs  3000  hands,  chiefly  females.  The 
Guadalquivir  is  navigable  up  to  the  city  for  vessels  of  100 
tons'  burden;  ships  drawing  more  than  10  feet  of  water 
load  and  unload  8  miles  below  the  city.  The  chief  imports 
are  manufactured  goods  from  England,  hides,  hemp,  and 
flax  from  the  Baltic,  iron  from  Bilbao,  and  colonial  produce 
from  Cuba,  Ac.  The  Goths  removed  their  capital  from  Se- 
ville to  Toledo  in  the  sixth  century.  The  city  was  taken 
by  the  Moors  in  711,  and  by  Frederick  II.  in  1247,  after 
which,  until  the  time  of  Philip  V.,  it  was  the  chief  resi- 
dence of  the  Spanish  monarchs.  The  French  took  it  in 
1810,  and  again  in  1823.  A  few  miles  distant,  on  the  W., 
is  the  village  of  Santa  Ponce,  the  ancient  Italica,  the  birth- 
place of  the  emperors  Trajan,  Hadrian,  and  Theodosius 
the  Great,  and  where  are  the  remains  of  a  Roman  amphi- 
theatre and  other  vestiges  of  antiquity.    Santa  Ponce  and 

Triana  are  the  seats  of  large  annual  fairs. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Sevilian,  se-vil'yun  (Sp.  Sevillano,  84-veel- 
yi'no). 

Seville,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia.  Area,  5295 
square  miles.  It  consists  in  part  of  a  great  plain,  traversed 
by  the  Guadalquivir ;  but  in  the  N.  is  the  Sierra  Morena,^ 
and  in  the  S.  the  Sierra  Ronda.  Agriculture  and  manu- 
factures are  leading  industries,  and  the  mineral  wealth  is 
great.     Capital,  Seville.     Pop.  515,011. 

Seville,  se-vil'  or  see'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co., 
111.,  on  Spoon  River,  and  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw 
Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Seville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad,  8^  miles  W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  pine  forests.  Pop. 
of  township,  1216. 

Seville,  a  post-village  in  Guilford  township,  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  k  Wheeling 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Medina,  and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Mas- 
sillon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking- 
houses,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  597. 

Seville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rap- 
idan  River,  18  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Orange  Court-House.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sevinus  Lacus,  the  ancient  name  of  Lake  Ibeo. 

S^vre-Nantaise,  8Svr-n6N»Hiz',  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  Deux-Sdvres,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Loire 
opposite  Nantes.     Length,  70  miles. 

Sfevre-Niortaise,  s4vr-ne-0R^tAz',  a  river  of  Prance, 
rises  in  Deux-SSvres,  passes  Niort,  and  enters  the  Pertuis 
Br6ton  (Bay  of  Biscay).     Length,  66  miles. 

Sevres,  sSvr,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Versailles,  on  the  railway  to  Paris.  Pop.  6612. 
It  is  celebrated  for  the  great  national  manufacture  of  por- 
celain. It  has  also  a  ceramic  museum,  distilleries,  nur- 
series, print-works,  <kc. 

Sevres,  Deux,  France.    See  Decx-S^vres. 

Sevri  Hissar,  sflv'ree  his^sar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kutaieh. 

Sevri  Hissar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  near  the 
Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Smyrna. 

Sevri  Hissar,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  73  miles  S.W. 
of  Angora.  Near  it  are  remains  supposed  to  be  those  of 
the  ancient  Peaainua. 

Sevsk,  or  Sewsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sievsk. 

Sewa,  Celebes.     See  Boni. 

Sewalik  (se-w&'lik)  Mountains,  a  low  but  extensive 
range  of  mountains  in  India,  on  the  N.E.  plain  of  Sirhind 
and  that  of  the  Doab,  between  the  Jumna  and  the  Ganges. 
They  extend  from  Hurdwar  to  Ropur,  from  S.E.  to  N.W., 
160  miles  in  length.  Bones  of  large  fossil  mammalia  of 
the  tertiary  epoch  are  found  near  these  hills. 

Sewall'slPoint,  Virginia.    See  Sewell's  Point. 

Sewan,  a  town  of  India.    See  Aligunge. 

Sewan,  Russian  Armenia.     See  Goktsche-Denghis. 

Sewanee,  se-wah'nee,  a  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  Coal  A  Rail 
road  Company's  Railroad,  about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nash- 
ville. Its  site  is  an  elevated  plateau  or  table-land  nearly 
2000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  contains  2  Episcopal  churches 
and  the  University  of  th«  South  (Episcopalian),  which  wai 


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organizod  in  1868  and  hati  a  domain  of  10,000  acres  of 
land.  It  is  a  large  and  flourishing  institution.  Mineral 
springs  are  found  on  the  domain  of  the  university. 

Sew'ard,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cimarron  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.     Pop.  in  1890,  1603. 

Seward)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Big  Blue 
River  and  its  North,  Middle,  and  West  Forks.  The  North 
Fork  unites  with  the  Middle  Fork  near  the  centre  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile. 
>yheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Burlington  A  Missouri 
River  Railroad  and  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Val- 
ley Railroad.  Capital,  Seward.  Pop.  in  1870,  2963;  in 
1876,  6875;  in  1880,  11,147;  in  1890,  16,140. 

Seward,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Ga. 

Seward,  a  township  of  Kendall  co..  111.    Pop.  944. 

Seward,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  111.     Pop.  997. 

SeAVard,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     P.  1353. 

Seward,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Seward,  a  post- township  of  Nobles  oo.,  Minn.    P.  184. 

Seward,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on 
Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2108. 

Seward,  a  post- village  In  Seward  township,  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  railroad  between  Cobleskill  and  Cherry 
Valley,  5  miles  S.  of  Sharon  Springs,  and  54  miles  W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1772. 

Seward,  Mount,  New  York.    See  Mount  Seward. 

Sew'ardstone,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Essex. 

Sewee,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Sebee. 

Se'wee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
from  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sew'ell  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  56  miles  S.E.  of 
Charleston,     it  has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Sewell's  (or  Sewall's)  Point,  Virginia,  is  on  the 
S.  side  of  Hampton  Roads,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Fortress 
Monroe. 

Sew'ellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  28 
miles  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  84. 

Sewickley,  se-wik'le,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Sewickley  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Its  site  is  a  plain  90 
feet  above  low  water  and  bordered  by  beautiful  hills.  It 
contains  many  handsome  villas,  an  academy,  and  7  churches. 
It  has  gas-works  and  water-works.  Pop.  in  1890,  2776 ; 
of  Sewickley  township,  additional,  359. 

Sewickley,  township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.   P.  3457. 

Sewistan,  or  Sewestan,  se-wis-t4n',  a  province  of 
Afghanistan,  mostly  between  lat.  29°  30'  and  30°  30'  N., 
Ion.  67°  and  70°  E.,  having  S.  the  Beloochee  province  of 
Cutch  Gundava,  E.  the  Suleiman  Mountains,  separating  it 
from  British  India,  and  W.  the  Bolan  and  Pisheen  Valleys, 
from  which  it  is  also  separated  by  high  mountains.  It  is  a 
flat,  dry  plain  of  hardened  clay,  fertile  only  near  its  few 
rivers,  and  crossed  by  the  route  from  Dera  Ghazee  Khan  to 
Candahar. 

Sewonee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Seoneb. 

Sexi,  the  ancient  name  of  AluuSecar. 

Sex'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  about  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Windsor  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Sextiae  Aquae,  a  city  of  France.    See  Aix. 

Sex'ton,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  co.,  Texas. 

Sex'ton's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Sex'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Richland  Centre  and  Lone  Rock,  and 
on  Willow  Creek,  about  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Seybo,  si'bo,  a  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  a  river,  55 
miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Santo  Domingo.     Pop.  5000. 

Seychelles,  s&^shell',  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  between  lat.  3°  30'  and  6°  46'  S.  and  Ion.  65°  20' 
and  56°  20'  E.  They  consist  of  30  small  islands  in  4  groups: 

1.  Mah6,  with  Ste.  Anne,  Cerf,  and  several  smaller  islands ; 

2.  Silhouette ;  3.  Praslin,  Curieuse,  Ac. ;  4.  Denis,  Fri- 
gate, Ac.  Mah6,  the  largest  island,  is  16  miles  long  and  4 
miles  broad ;  it  is  mountainous,  but  fertile.  The  chief  town 
is  Port  Victoria,  on  the  E.  coast,  with  a  garrison.  The  Sey- 
chelles were  first  partially  explored  by  M.  Lazarus  Picault 
in  1743,  about  which  time  a  few  settlers  of  French  origin 
Mtablished  themselves  on  Mah6  ;  but  in  1794  the  British 

154 


took  possession  of  the  islands,  and  at  the  peace  of  1814  they 
became  a  dependency  of  Mauritius.     Pop.  11,082. 

Seyer  (si'^r)  Isles,  a  cluster  lying  ofi"  the  W.  coaat  of 
the  Malay  Peninsula,  lat.  8°  41'  N.,  Ion.  97*  36'  E.  The 
largest  is  5  miles  long. 

Seyer6e,  si'^h-ro^^h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Seeland.     Length,  7  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Seymour,  see'm^r,  a  post-village  in  Seymour  township. 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Naugatuck  River  and  the  Nauga- 
tuck  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bridgeport,  and  11  miles 
N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  coffins,  hardware, 
paper,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  3300. 

Seymour,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township,  Champaign 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Rail- 
road, 9i  miles  W.  of  Champaign.     It  has  several  stores. 

Seymour,  a  city  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  JefFersonville, 
Madison  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  87  miles  W.  of  Cincin- 
nati, 18  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  and  51  miles  N.  of  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  2  or  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  10  churches.  It  is  the  most  populous  place  in 
the  county.  It  has  also  a  public  school-house  which  cost 
$30,000,  a  woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  staves,  hubs,  spokes,  Ac.  The  machine-shops  of  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  are  located  here.     Pop.  5337. 

Seymour,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wal- 
nut township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  S.W.  of  Albia,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Centre- 
ville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  700. 

Seymour,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  about  5  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  plough-factory. 

Seymour,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.    See  North  Cuba. 

Seymour,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baylor  co.,  Tex., 
situated  between  the  Brazos  and  Wichita  Rivers,  140  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  was  laid  out  in  1879,  and  con- 
tains 2  church  organizations  and  3  stores. 

Seymour,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.    P.  515. 

Seymour,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  938. 

Seymour,  a  post-village  in  Seymour  township,  Outa- 
gamie CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad, 
17  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  several  churches,  and 
manufactures  ot  furniture,  flour,  hubs,  spokes,  and  staves. 
Pop.  in  1890,  733  ;  of  the  township,  977. 

Seymour  East,  Ontario.     See  Menie. 

Seymour  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brandon  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Seymonrsville,  see'm§rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  34  miles  S.  of  Keyser.    It  has  2  general  stores. 

Seyne,  sin,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpes,  on  the 
Blanche,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Digne. 

Seyne,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Toulon.  Pop.  8152,  chiefly  engaged  in  fishing,  ship-build- 
ing, and  navigation.  It  has  a  harbor  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  the  Gulf  of  Toulon,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Seyny,  si'nee,atown  of  Russian  Poland,  36  miles  N.W. 
of  Grodno,  with  a  Dominican  cloister.  It  is  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop's  see,  and  a  place  of  pilgrimage.     P.  4035. 

Seypan,  one  of  the  Ladrone  Islands.     See  Saypan. 

Seyra,  si'rS.,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  peninsula  of  Katty- 
war,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch. 

Seyssel,  sis^sSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  on  the 
Rhone,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1235. 

Seyyid  el  Ghazi,  si^yeed'  il  gh&'zee,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eskee  Shehr.     Pop.  3500. 

Suzanne,  si^z&nn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marne,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Epernay.  Pop.  4690.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  tanneries,  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  porcelain,  tiles,  eye-glasses,  Ac. 

Sezemecz,s&'z&-mdtsS  or  Czezemicz,8&'z&.-meets\ 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.  of  Chrudim,  on  the  Elbe. 
Pop.  1784. 

Sezkuar,  an  island  of  Russia.    See  Seskar. 

Sezza,  sfit'si,  or  Sezze,  sfit'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Velletri,  on  a  height  overlooking  the  Pontine 
Marshes.     Pop.  6669.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Sezza,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  10  miles  S.  of 
Alessandria,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  2455. 

Sfax,  sfix,  or  Sfakus,  sf&'kiis,  a  seaport  town  of  Tu- 
nis, on  the  Gulf  of  Cabes,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cabes.  Lat. 
34°  44'  N.;  Ion.  10°  40'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  high  wall, 
and  has  ship-building-yards  and  an  active  trade.  P.  10,000. 

'Sgraveland,  sgri'v^h-l&nt^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Naarden.  P.  1248. 

'Sgravenhaag,  Netherlands.    See  Hague. 

*Sgravezand,  Netherlands.    See  Gratezand. 


SHA 


2442 


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Shabats,  shi'bits,  a  town  of  Servia,  on  the  Save,  66 
miles  W.  of  Belgrade.  It  is  fortified,  and  is  the  seat  of  a 
Oreek  bishop.     Pop.  8028. 

Shab'bona,  a  post-village  in  Shabbona  township,  De 
Kalb  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quinoy  Kailroaid,  68 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  masonic  hall,  and 
a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1890,  502 ;  of  township,  1439. 

Shabbona  Grove^  a  post-village  in  Shabbona  town- 
ship, De  Kalb  co.,  III.,  30  miles  W.  of  Aurora,  and  about  3 
miles  from  Shabbona  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Shabbona  Junction,  a  station  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111., 
I  of  a  mile  from  Shabbona  Station,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Iowa  Railroad  with  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc 
.  Quincy  Railroad,  30^  miles  W.  of  Aurora. 

Shabeen-Karahissar,  shS,-been'-k9,^r9,-his-8ar',  a 
town  of  Turkey,  province  and  95  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seevas. 
Pop.  4000. 

Shabonier,  Fayette  co..  111.    See  Shobonier. 

Shackelford,  sh&k'^l-ford,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  cen- 
tral part  of  Texas.  Area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Clear  Fork  of  Brazos  River  and  Hubbard's  Creek. 
Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Albany.     P.  in  1870,  455 ;  in  1880,  2037 ;  in  1890,  2012. 

Shackleville,  a  post-ofSce  of  Butler  co.,  Ala. 

Shack's  Mill,  a  post-ofBce  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Shadadpoor,  shaM&d-poor',  a  town  of  Sinde,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Larkhana.     Pop.  2232. 

Shade,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Shade  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Athens  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  Meigs  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River. 

Shade  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  enters  Stony  Creek  from 
the  E.  in  the  N.  part  of  Somerset  co. 

Shade  Furnace,  Somerset  CO.,  Pa.  SeeHiLLSBOROUGB. 

Shade  Gap,  a  post-village  in  Dublin  township,  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Chambersburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2  tanneries. 

Shade  mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  ridge, 
partly  in  Snyder  co.,  from  which  it  extends  south  westward 
to  the  Juniata  River.  The  boundary  between  Juniata  and 
Mifflin  cos.  is  drawn  along  the  summit  of  this  ridge. 

Shade  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orbisonia.     It  has  a  church. 

Shadeville,  shad'vll,  a  post-village  in  Hamilton  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  River  and  the  Ohio 
Canal,  7  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  124. 

Shadeville,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

Shadriusk,  Schadrinsk,  or  Chadrinsk,  sh&- 
dreensk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Perm,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Iset,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dolmatov.     Pop.  7194. 

Shaduan,  sh&-doo-&n',  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  op- 

fosite  the  ancient  Egyptian  port  Myos-Hormos.  Lat.  27° 
0'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  E.     Length,  7  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Shad'ura,  a  town  of  India,  Meerut  district.     P.  7227. 

Shad'ura,  or  Shad'arah,  a  town  of  India,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Seharunpoor.     Pop.  7257. 

Shad'well,  a  parish  of  England,  and  suburb  of  the 
metropolis,  on  its  E.  side,  co.  of  Middlesex,  2^  miles  E.S.E. 
of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  8230. 

Shad'well,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville. 
Thomas  Jefferson  was  born  here,  April  13,  1743. 

Sha'dy,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Sha'dy  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  8i 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Monticello.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Fla.,  about 
44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tallahassee.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky., 
20  miles  N.  of  Princeton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  parish,  La. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  Miss. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Shady  Grove,  a  hamlet  in  Fulton  township,  Davie  oo., 
N.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antrim  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  11  miles  S.  of  Chambersburg.     Pop.  125. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  from  New  Market.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  40 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville.     Pop.  about  50. 

Shady  Hill,  a  post-Arillage  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  36 
miles  B.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Sliady  Lea,  a  hamlet  in  North  Kingstown  township. 


Washington  co.,  R.I.,  2i  miles  from  Bellville  Station,  and 
li  miles  from  Narragansett  Bay.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cotton  warps. 

Shady  Nook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Cynthiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Shady  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Apollo. 

Sha'dy  Run,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Placer 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  73  miles  N.E.  of 
Sacramento.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Sha'dyside,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
3  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Shady  Side,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co.,  Va. 

Shady  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Shady  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Shaeffers,  shaff^rz,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  en 
the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
26  miles  E.  of  Brookville. 

Shaefferstown,  shaf  f^n-tSwn,  a  post- village  in  Hei- 
delberg township,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Reading,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  636. 

Sha'fer,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  378. 

Shaffer,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Titusville. 

Shaff's  Bridge,  a  village  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  near 
Mineral  Point  Junction.    It  has  2  churches.    Here  is  Rock 
wood  Post-Office. 

Shaftesbury,  shafts'b^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dorchester.  Pop.  2472.  The 
borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Shaftesbury,  Ontario.     See  Little  Current. 

Shafton,  or  Shafton  Station,  a  village  of  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  in  North  Huntingdon  township,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  Irwin.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  300. 

Shaftsbury,  shafts'b^r-e,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shaftsbury 
township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Manchester,  and  about  8  miles 
N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  con- 
tains quarries  of  marble  and  a  village  named  South  Shafts- 
bury.    Fop.  of  the  township,  2027. 

Shag  Uay,  a  settlement  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  21 
miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  100. 

Shag  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  12  miles  from  Barrington. 

Shahabad,  sha,h^&-b&d',  a  town  of  India,  Umballa  dis- 
trict, 112  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  11,678. 

Shahabad,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  20  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Hurdoee.     Pop.  19,477. 

Shahabad,  a  district  of  Bengal,  Patna  division,  lat. 
24°  31'-25°  43'  N.,  Ion.  83°  23'-84°  55'  E.  Area,  4385 
square  miles.  The  Ganges  bounds  it  on  the  N.,  and  the 
Sone  on  the  S.E.  The  N.  part  is  a  fertile  plain,  the  S.  a 
hill-region.     Capital,  Arrah.     Pop.  1,723,974. 

Shahbad,  sh&^bld',  or  Shahabad,  sha,h^&-b&d',  a 
town  of  Cashmere,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  the  valley,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Islamabad,  and  5600  feet  above  the  sea. 

Shah^bazpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah,  lat. 
24°  2'  45"  N.,  Ion.  91°  12'  E.     Pop.  3444. 

Shahbazpoor  Island,  Bengal.    See  Deccak. 

Shah  Bnnder,  sh&h  bun'd^r,  written  also  Shah 
Ban'der,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Kerman, 
on  the  river  Meenab,  10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Per- 
sian Gulf,  opposite  Ormus.  The  river  is  navigable  to  it 
from  the  sea  for  vessels  of  20  tons,  and  it  has  a  custom- 
house and  some  trade. 

Shah  Bunder,  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  district  and 
80  miles  S.E.  of  Kurrachee,  in  the  Indus  delta.  Pop.  1203. 

Shahey,  shi-hi',  a  rocky  peninsula  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Tabreez,  and  extending 
into  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  to  which  it  sometimes  gives  name. 

Shah\jehanpoor',  a  district  of  India,  in  Rohilcund, 
lat.  27°  15'-28°  45'  N.,  Ion.  79°  23'-80°  30'  E.  Area,  2982 
square  miles.     Chief  town,  Shahjehanpoor.     Pop.  949,579. 

Shahjehanpoor,  the  capital  town  of  the  above  dis- 
trict, on  an  affluent  of  the  Ganges,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bareilly.  Lat.  27°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  48'  E.  It  has  a  citadel 
and  numerous  mosques.     Pop.  72,140. 

Shahjehanpoor,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Tira. 

Shahjehanpoor,  a  town  of  Central  India,  in  the 
Gwalior  dominions,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Oojein. 

Shahlimar,  shiHe-mar',  a  fine  summer  palace  and 
gardens  in  the  Punjab,  3  miles  E.  of  Lahore.  The  Shahli- 
mar gardens,  celebrated  by  Moore  in  "  Lalla  Rookh,"  are 
in  Cashmere,  bordering  on  a  lake  immediately  E.  of  th» 
city  of  Srinagar. 


SHA 


2443 


SHA 


Shah^noor',  or  Sav^anoor')  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  a  small  native  state  of  the  same  name,  41  miles  S.E.  of 
Oarwar.  Pop.  8689.  Area  of  state,  69  square  miles.  Pop. 
17,288. 

Shah^poor')  a  small  town  of  Belooohistan,  province 
of  Cutch  Gundava,  52  miles  If.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Shahpoor,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  India,  capital  of 
Shahpoor  district,  on  the  Jhylum.  Lat.  32"  14'  N. ;  Ion. 
72»  22'  E. 

Shahpoor,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  Rawil-Pinde  di- 
vision, between  the  Jhylum  and  the  Chenaub.  Area,  4699 
square  miles.     Capital,  Shahpoor.     Pop.  368,796. 

Shahpoo'ra,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana. 
Area,  400  square  miles.     Pop.  36,000. 

Shahriznl,  Turkish  Koordistan.     See  Shehrizoor. 

Shah  Rood)  or  Shah  Rod,  shi  rood,  a  river  of 
Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  joins  the  Kizil-Oozen  or 
Sefeed  Rood  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reshd,  in  the  latter  part 
of  its  course  forming  the  boundary  between  the  provinces 
of  Irak-Ajemee  and  Ghilan. 

Shah  Rood,  or  Shah  Rad,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Khorassan,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Astrabad.  It  is  about 
2  miles  in  circuit,  populous,  and  surrounded  by  well-culti- 
vated grounds. 

Shaikpoo'ra,  or  Shaikhpura,  sh3,k^poo'r&,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Mon- 
ghir.     Pop.  11,576. 

Shain'line's,  a  station  of  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad, 
li  miles  S.W.  of  Norristown,  Pa. 

Shairmad'avy,  or  Shermadevi,  shar-m&d'^-ve,  a 
town  of  India,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Tinnevelly.     Pop.  6064. 

Shai- Ya,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Chai-Ya. 

Sha'kerSf  a  post-office  in  Watervliet  township,  Albany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  S.  of  Niskayuna  Station.  Here  is  a  vil- 
lage of  Shakers,  who  produce  brooms,  seeds,  &o.  See  also 
Mount  Lebanost. 

Shaker  Station^  a  post-office  in  Enfield  township, 
Hartford  oo..  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  S.  of  Springfield,  Mass.  Here  is  a  village  of 
Shakers. 

Sha'kerstowU)  or  Watervliet,  wiH^r-vleet',  a  ham- 
let of  Van  Buren  township,  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Dayton. 

Shaker  Village,  a  hamlet  and  Shaker  community  in 
New  Gloucester  township,  Cumberland  oo..  Me.,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Portland. 

Shaker  Village,  a  hamlet  in  Alfred  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  2  miles  from  Alfred. 

Shaker  Village  (now  called  Fern'side),  a  decayed 
hamlet  and  former  Shaker  community  of  Tyringham  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  N.  of  Tyringham. 

Shaker  Village,  a  village  and  station  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church,  3  woollen-mills,  2  grist- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  brooms,  pails,  &o.  Here  is  West 
Pittsfield  Post-Office. 

Shaker  Village,  a  Shaker  community  in  Harvard 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Ayer. 

Shaker  Village,  a  Shaker  community  of  Shirley  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  S.  of  Shirley  Village. 

Shaker  Village,  a  village  and  Shaker  community  of 
Enfield  township,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  i  mile  from  Enfield. 

Shaker  Village,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canterbury  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  about  13  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  Shaker  church.  Hosiery,  corn  brooms,  and  washing- 
machines  are  made  here. 

Shaker  Village,  or  Canaan  Shakers,  a  hamlet 
and  community  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Canaan  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y. 

Shaker  Village,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.    See  Sonyea. 

Shaker  Village,  or  North  Union,  a  Shaker  com- 
munity of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Shaker  Village,  Hamilton  co.,  0.  See  Whitewater. 

Shakespeare,  shEk'speer,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  82  miles  W.  of  To- 
ronto.    It  contains  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Shakleford's,  Virginia.    See  Centretille. 

Shak'opee,  or  Shak'opee  City,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Scott  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  and 
Hastings  <fc  Dakota  Railroads,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul, 
and  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Chaska.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  a  machine-shop, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  brick-yard,  and  2  lime-kilns.     Pop.  2011. 

Sha'ler,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1473. 

Shaler's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Mount  Vernon. 


Sha'lersTille,  a  post-village  in  Shalersville  township, 
Portage  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  6  or  7 
miles  N.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  if 
drained  by  the  Cuyahoga  River.    Pop.  of  the  township,  977. 

Sha'lerville,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  near 
Temperanceville,  now  included  in  the  city  of  Pittsburg. 

Shallotte,  shal-lOt',  a  post-township  of  Brunswick  co., 
N.C.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Wilmington.  It  has  pine  forests  and  several  dlstilleriei 
of  turpentine.     Pop.  1630. 

Shal'low  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Shallow  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  B.C.,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Kiowee  and  Tugaloo  Rivers. 

Sham,  Asia.    See  Stria  and  Damascus. 

Shamaka,  sh&-m&'k&  (Schamachi,  or  Shamachl, 
sh4-mi'Kee),  New,  written  also  Chamaka  and  Sche- 
machi,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  government 
and  70  miles  W.  of  Bakoo. 

Shamaka,  Old,  or  Kooneshnr,  koo^n^-shtiR',  a 
village  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  15  miles  N.E.  of  the 
above.  It  was  ruined  in  1737  by  NMir  Shah,  but  is  now 
thriving,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  silks.     Pop.  24,502. 

Shambazar,  Bengal.    See  Staubazar. 

Sham'berger's,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Westminster. 

Sham'bling's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W. 
Va.,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Sham 'burg,  a  small  post-village  in  Oil  Creek  town- 
ship, Venango  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Titusville.  It  has 
several  oil-wells  and  a  church. 

Sham-el-Kebeer,  or  Sham-es-Shereef.     See 

DAJfASCUS. 

Shamiram,  the  Turkish  name  of  Van.     See  Van. 

Sham  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church. 

ShamMee',  a  town  of  India,  53  miles  N.  of  Delhi. 
Pop.  9177. 

Sham^mar'  Mountains  (Arab.  Jeb'el  Sham^mar'), 
sometimes  called  Ramleah  Mountains,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  principally  between  28°  and 
29°  N.  lat.     Height,  about  9000  feet. 

Shamo  ("sea  of  sand"),  Mongolia.     See  Gobi. 

Shamokin,  sha-mo'kin,  a  post-borough  of  Northum- 
berland CO.,  Pa.,  in  Coal  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia &  Reading  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Ashland,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury,  and  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Danville. 
It  is  connected  with  Sunbury  by  a  branch  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  10 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2'  newspaper  of- 
fices, several  hotels,  a  high  school,  and  2  machine-shops. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4320;  in  1880,  8184  j  in  1890,  14,403. 

Shamokin  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  westward 
through  Northumberland  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  at  Sunbury. 

Shamokin  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Sha^mong',  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Woodland  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Whiting,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shamong,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.  P.  114tf. 

Sham 'rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Mexico. 

Shamrock,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  East 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21J^  miles  N.E.  of  Reading. 

Shan,  or  Chan,  sh&n,  a  Chinese  word  signifying 
"  mountain,"  forming  a  part  of  numerous  names  in  East 
Asia,  as  Thian-Shan  (the  "  Celestial  Mountains"),  Ac. 

Shan^ando'ah,  or  Shen^audo'ah,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Blooming  Grove  township,  11  miles 
N.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Shanda'ken,  a  post-village  in  Shandaken  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the  Ulster  &  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a 
church,  2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  chair-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township  (which  contains  Phoenicia),  2718. 

Shandy,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Shendt. 

Shane,  shSn,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Sha'ner,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River  and  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio  Railroad 
(Pittsburg  division),  25  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
coal-mine.    Here  is  Yohoghany  Post-Office. 

Shane's  Crossing,  or  Shanesville,  shanz'vll,  a 
post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
on  the  Toledo,  Delphos  <fc  Burlington  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  of  Lima.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  993. 


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Shanesville,  shanz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas 
•o.,  0.,  in  Sugar  Creek  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Canal 
Dover,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches.     Pop.  360. 

Shanesvillej  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Earl 
township,  about  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Reading. 

Shang,  shing,  a  Chinese  word  signifying  "supreme," 
forming  a  part  of  numerous  Chinese  names,  as  Shang-Hai 
(i.e.,  "  supreme  port"  ?),  <fcc. 

Shang-Hai,  or  Chang-Hai)  shing-hl'e,  incorrectly 
written  Shanghae;  a  seaport  city  and  foreign  settlement 
of  China,  the  chief  emporium  now  open  for  European  com- 
merce, province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Woo-Sung  or  Wong- 
Poo  River,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nanking,  and  12  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Woo-Sung,  in  the  estuary  of  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang.  The  river,  though  |  of  a  mile  broad,  op- 
posite Shang-Hai,  is  little  better  than  a  mere  tidal  channel. 
Lat.  31°  12'  N.;  Ion.  121°  28'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  250,009. 
Shang-Hai  stands  on  a  level  and  highly  cultivated  plain, 
and  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  5  miles  in  circuit,  immediately 
outside  of  which  are  several  populous  suburbs.  Streete 
narrow  and  filthy  j  but  it  has  some  flourishing  manufactures 
of  flowered  silks  and  muslins  of  a  peculiar  kind,  and  of 
iron-wares,  glass,  paper,  artificial  flowers,  and  wares  in 
ivory,  bone,  gold,  and  silver.  It  is  an  important  entrep&t 
of  the  commerce  between  the  N.  and  S.  provinces  of  China, 
exporting  manufactured  goods  to  Tien-Tsin,  in  the  metro- 
politan province  of  Chi-Li,  and  importing  large  quantities 
of  pulse,  flour,  meats,  rhubarb,  and  skins  from  the  shores 
of  the  Yellow  Sea.  An  extensive  internal  communication 
by  water  facilitates  its  trade  with  all  the  N.  half  of  China, 
and  it  is  stated  to  have  a  direct  trade  with  the  countries 
of  Central  Asia.  Its  coasting-trade  is  also  very  extensive, 
and  3000  junks  are  often  crowded  together  in  its  river, 
many  being  from  Hainan,  Canton,  and  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. This  refers  to  the  native  city  only,  the  foreign 
settlement  being  entirely  distinct.  It  is  situated  outside  the 
walls  to  the  N.  and  E.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river,  3  miles 
long  by  1  mile  wide,  and  divided  into  the  British,  French, 
and  American  concessions.  Here  the  principal  mercantile 
houses  have  built  stately  edifices,  and  there  is  a  wide  quay 
on  the  river-bank  called  the  "  Bund."  On  the  opposite 
bank  is  the  Pootung  suburb,  where  are  large  manufactories 
of  machinery  and  ship-building  establishments.  The  river 
is  here  crowded  with  shipping  from  all  parts  of  the  world, 
the  anchorage  extending  for  5  miles  down,  where  from  250 
to  300  sailing-ships  and  steamers  may  be  seen  at  anchor. 
The  chief  custom-house  under  foreign  control  in  China  is 
at  this  port,  with  a  harbor-master  and  pilot  board.  There 
are  15  consuls,  the  principal  being  British,  French,  and 
American.  These  have  criminal  jurisdiction  over  the  sub- 
jects of  their  several  nations,  and  the  Chinese  are  amenable 
to  the  Taoutai,  or  chief  magistrate  of  the  city.  There  is 
also  a  foreign  municipality  for  the  construction  and  con- 
servation of  public  works,  with  power  to  tax  the  natives  ; 
but  beyond  these  there  is  no  regular  executive  or  legislative 
government.  Shang-Hai  has  steam  communication  with 
all  the  open  ports  in  China  and  Japan,  and  with  India,  the 
United  States,  and  Europe.  There  are  3  daily  newspapers,  2 
weekly,  and  2  fortnightly,  published  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, And  4  three  times  a  week  in  Chinese.  Principal  ex- 
ports to  foreign  countries  are  silk,  tea,  cotton,  cassia,  cam- 
phor, and  porcelain;  imports,  opium,  specie,  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  munitions  of  war,  hardware,  and  general 
merchandise.  About  2000  vessels  clear  the  port  annually, 
the  value  of  imports  and  exports  being  about  $75,000,000. 
Shang-Hai  was  taken  June  19,  1842,  by  the  British  troops, 
who  captured  in  the  city  171  pieces  of  cannon  and  a  large 
amount  of  military  stores,  and  again  taken  by  the  rebels, 
September  7,  1853.  In  1862  it  was  again  menaced  by  the 
Tae- Pings,  who  were  driven  back  for  a  circuit  of  30  miles  by 
an  allied  force  of  British,  French,  and  disciplined  Chinese, 
and  it  has  since  been  fortified  with  a  strong  garrison  of 
artillery  and  Anglo-Indian  troops.  Shang  is  the  prefix  of 
the  names  of  numerous  Chinese  cities  of  less  importance. 

Shanghai,  shang'hi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  E.  of  Lafayette. 

Shanghai,  a  village  of  Knox  township,  JeSerson  co., 
0.     Pop.  76. 

Shanghai,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Shang-I-Yuen,  shing^e-yoo^Sn',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  about  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ning- 
Po.     Pop.  100,000. 

Shang-Se-Choo,  orChang-Se-Tschou,  shing^- 
se-choo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  on  the 
Chinese  frontier,  in  lat.  22°  10'  12"  N.,  Ion.  107°  35'  E. 


Shang- Too,  or  Chang-Ton.    See  Peking. 

Shan'ick,  or  Bailey's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  34  miles  back  of  Belleville.     P.  150. 

Shank'lin,  a  town  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  on  its  S.E. 
coast,  2  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ventnor.  It  is  a  noted  summer 
resort.  Here  is  a  remarkable  chine,  or  ravine,  much  visited 
by  tourists.     Pop.  2035. 

Shank's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  near 
Manayunk  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  McVeytown. 

Shanks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Stony  Creek  township, 
Somerset  co..  Pa.,  22  miles  S.  of  Johnstown,  and  10  miles  E. 
of  Somerset.  It  has  3  churches,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Shan'nock  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  Stonington  <fc  Providence  Railroad,  about  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.  Shoddy  shirtings  are  manu- 
factured here.     Pop.  152. 

Shan'non,  the  principal  river  of  Ireland,  rises  near  the 
base  of  the  Cuilcagh  Mountain,  oo.  of  Cavan,  flows  at  first 
S.W.,  and  then  generally  S.,  through  Loughs  Allen,  BaflSn, 
Ree,  and  Derg,  to  near  Limerick,  where  it  turns  W.,  and 
joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  10  miles  in  width,  im- 
mediately N.  of  Tralee  Bay.  Total  course  estimated  at 
224  miles,  for  nearly  all  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Its  prin- 
cipal affluents  from  the  W.  are  the  Boyle,  Suck,  and  Fer- 
gus ;  from  the  E.  and  S.  the  Inny,  Brosna,  Mulkerna,  and 
Maig.  It  is  connected  all  across  Leinster  with  Dublin  by 
the  Grand  Canal  from  Shannon  Harbor,  near  Banagher, 
and  by  the  Royal  Canal,  which  joins  it  at  Tarmonbarry, 
near  Longford. 

Shan'non,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri.  Area, 
960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Current  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Jack's  Fork.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  yellow  pine, 
oak,  ke.  Maize,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Copper 
is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas  City, 
Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad.  Capital,  Eminence.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2339  ;  in  1880,  3441;  in  1890,  8898. 

Shannon,  a  post-village  in  Shannon  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Freeport,  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Carroll.  It  has 
a  bank,  4  or  5  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  636;  of  the  township,  1102. 

Shannon,  a  namlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Reeder 
township,  8  miles  W.  of  Garnett.     It  has  a  church. 

Shannon,  township,  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  1584. 

Shannon,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1076. 

Shannon,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Ky. 

Shannon,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mo- 
bile <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  S.  of  Corinth. 

Shannon,  a  hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Nashport.     Pop.  44. 

Shan'nondale,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Shannondale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salisbury  township, 
Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fe  Northern 
Railroad  (Glasgow  Branch),  lOi  miles  N.  of  Glasgow. 

Shannondale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Red  Bank  township, 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  an 
academy. 

Shannondale  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Shenandoah,  5  miles  E.  of  Charles- 
town.     It  has  valuable  saline  chalybeate  waters. 

Shannon  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  S.  of  Louisa  Court-House. 

Shan'nonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  about  5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norristown. 

Shan'nonville,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Hast- 
ings, on  the  Salmon  River,  li  miles  from  the  Bay  of 
Quinte,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  40i  miles  W. 
of  Kingston.  It  contains  a  large  saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill, 
2  tanneries,  and  3  churches.  Pop.  700.  Vessels  of  all  sizes 
come  to  this  port. 

Shanon'ehaw,  township,  Watauga  co.,  N.C.   P.  328. 

Shan-See,  Shan-Si,  or  Chan-Si,  shin-see'  {i.e., 
"  the  mountainous  west"),  a  province  of  China,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  35°  and  41°  N.  and  Ion.  110°  and  114°  30'  E., 
having  N.  Mongolia,  or  the  Desert  of  Shamo,  and  on  other 
sides  the  provinces  of  Shen-See,  Ho-Nan,  and  Pe-Chee-Lee. 
Estimated  area,  55,268  square  miles.  Pop.  14,004,210. 
The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  Hoang-Ho  forms  its  W. 
and  a  part  of  its  S.  frontier.  Wheat,  millet,  cotton,  to- 
bacco, wine,  dyeing-materials,  silk,  honey,  large  number* 
of  live-stock,  iron,  salt,  crystal,  coal,  and  building-stone 
are  among  its  chief  products.     The  principal  manufacturoi 


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are  silk  goods,  carpets,  and  metallic  goods.  It  is  divided 
into  9  departments.  The  chief  city  is  Tai-Tuan,  Shan- 
See  is  celebrated  for  its  wines.  This  department  is  also  re- 
markable for  containing  the  richest  iron-mines  in  all  China  ; 
these  appear  to  have  been  wrought  from  the  earliest  times. 
It  manufactures  iron  and  steel,  in  which  the  inhabitants 
have  acquired  extraordimary  skill. 

Shan-Toong,  Shan-Tung,  Schan-Tung,  or 
Chan  -  Tonng,  shinHoong'  {i.e.,  "  the  mountainous 
east"),  a  province  of  China,  mostly  between  lat.  35°  and 
3S°  N.  and  Ion,  115°  and  122°  40'  E.,  having  landward 
the  provinces  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  Ho-Nan,  and  Kiang-Soo, 
and  E.  the  Yellow  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee.  Esti- 
mated area,  65,104  square  miles.  Pop.  28,958,764.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  in  the  E.  Its  W.  part  is  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Canal.  The  harbors  are  numerous,  and  it 
comprises  many  islands  off  the  coast.  Wheat,  millet,  in- 
digo, drugs,  and  silk  are  the  principal  products.  Its  manu- 
factures of  felt,  caps,  carpets,  and  hempen  cloths  are  exten- 
sive.    The  chief  city  is  Tsee-Nan. 

Shao-Choo,  or  Chao-TchoU)  sh&^-choo',  called 
also  Shao-Choo-Foo  and  Chao-Tcheou-Foo, 
shi^-chfi-oo'foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
on  the  Pe-Kiang,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  115 
miles  ^.  of  Canton.  It  is  large,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
manufactures  of  nankeen  fabrics,  &o.  Pop.  estimated  at 
10,000  families. 

Shao-Hing,  or  Chao-Hing,  shi'o-hing',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  73  miles  W.  of  Ning-Po. 
Lat.  30°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  3'  E.  It  stands  in  a  fertile 
plain,  and  is  intersected  by  canals ;  it  is  well  paved,  clean, 
and  healthy.  Near  it  is  a  magnificent  temple,  erected  to 
Yu,  the  reputed  founder  of  the  Chinese  Empire. 

Shao-King,  or  Chao-Khing,  sh&^-king',  a  forti- 
fied city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  50  miles  W. 
of  Canton.  It  is  well  built,  and  is  the  residence  of  the 
governor  of  the  Quang  provinces. 

Shao-Nan,  or  Chao-Nan,  sh&^o-n&n',  a  seaport 
town  of  China,  in  Fo-Kien,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Amoy. 

Shao-Woo,  Schao-Wu,  Chao-Wou,  shi*o-woo', 
or  Cha-Ou-Fou,  shi-oo-foo',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Fo-Kien,  145  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo,  in  lat.  27°  21' 
N.,  Ion.  117°  37'  E. 

Shap)  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Kendal.  Near  it  are  the  remains 
of  a  Druidic  temple  and  of  an  abbey,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of 
the  village  is  the  mineral  spring  of  Shap  Wells. 

Shapeyan,  a  town  of  Cashmere.     See  Shupeton. 

Shap'inshay,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  4| 
miles  W.  of  Stronsay.  Length,  6  miles ;  breadth,  4J  miles. 
Pop.  949,  mostly  employed  in  the  cod-  and  herring-fishery. 
The  shores  are  low,  level,  and  fertile ;  the  interior  is  hilly, 
and  almost  barren.  On  the  S.  coast  stands  a  neat  village, 
on  the  fine  bay  of  Ellwick ;  in  the  island  are  many  Pictish 
and  Scandinavian  antiquities. 

Shapleigh)  shap'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Me., 
in  Shapleigh  township,  about  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Port- 
land. It  is  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springvale  Station.  It  has 
9  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1087. 

Shapoor,  Shapour,  or  Shapur,  shi-poor'  (written 
Chapotir  in  French  and  Schapur  in  German),  an  ancient 
city  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  in  about  lat.  29°  50'  N., 
Ion.  51°  40'  E.  It  is  said  to  have  existed  before  the  time 
of  Alexander  the  Great.  It  was  rebuilt  by  Sapor  (or  Sha- 
poor)  about  the  middle  of  the  third  century.  Its  ruins  are 
among  the  most  interesting  in  Persia,  and  show  it  to  have 
been  of  great  extent  and  magnificence.  Some  of  the 
sculptures  rank  among  the  finest  specimens  of  Oriental  art. 

Snard'loW)  a  village  and  township  of  England,  co. 
and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Derby.     Pop.  297. 

Shari,  or  Shary,  shi'ree\  a  river  of  Africa,  after  a  N. 
course  of  uncertain  length,  enters  Lake  Chad  on  its  S.  aide 
by  several  mouths.    See  also  Benttwx. 

Shar'key,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  425  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  drained  by  Deer  Creek. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product.  Capital, 
Rolling  Fork.  It  has  forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  gum,  oak, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  6306 ;  in  1890,  8382. 

Shark  River,  N.J.     See  Cobctrg  and  Hauilton. 

Shar'man,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark. 

Sharon,  shair'^n,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
in  Sharon  township,  2  miles  from  Sharon  Station,  N.Y.,  and 
about  44  miles  W.  oy  N.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  3  churches 
and  an  iron-furnace.  The  township  is  bounded  B.  by  the 
Housatonic  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2580. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Fla. 


Sharon,  a  post-village  of  Taliaferro  co.,  Ga.,  near  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  about  64  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  IlL    Pop.  1663. 
Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co..  111.,  about  28  milef 
W.S.W.  of  Sterling. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Muncie. 

Sharon,  a  station  in  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Centreville. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  662. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1199. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1196. 

Sharon,  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     See  Parview. 

Sharon,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  duck,  carriages,  trowels,  &c.  The  town- 
ship has  5  churches,  and  a  large  hotel  on  Massapoag  Lake. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1330. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.     P.  1026. 

Sharon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sharon  township,  Le  Sueur 
CO.,  Minn.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Sueur.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Sharon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  Miss.,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  school  called 
Madison  College  (non-sectarian),  organized  in  1851. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.     P.  182. 

Sharon,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Hightstown. 

Sharon,  or  Sharon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Sharon  township,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sharon 
Springs  Station,  and  about  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Here  is 
Sharon  Post-Office.  The  township  contains  a  summer  re- 
sort, named  Sharon  Springs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2587. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.  P.  2197. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1480. 

Sharon,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     See  Sharonville. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.     Pop.  1131. 

Sharon,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township.  Noble  co., 
0.,  3  miles  W.  of  Caldwell.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  250 ;  of  the  township,  1227. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Richland  co,,  0.     Pop.  2762. 

Sharon,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sharon,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Newtown  &  New  York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of 
Newtown. 

Sharon,  a  post-borough  in  Hickory  township,  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River  and  the  Erie  &■  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  at  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Mahoning  division 
of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.W. 
of  New  Castle,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Youngstown,  0.,  and  41 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the 
county,  and  contains  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2 
other  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  7  churches, 
2  rolling-mills,  and  2  foundries.  One  daily  newspaper  is 
published  here.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are  mined  near 
this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  5684  ;  in  1890,  7459. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  968. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  steam  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Sharon,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  White  River,  in  a  valley  at  the  base  of  high 
hills,  and  on  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  52  miles  S.  of 
Montpelier,  and  about  28  miles  E,N,E.  of  Rutland,  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1018. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co.,  Washington. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Portage  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1494. 

Sharon,  a  post- village  in  Sharon  township,  Walworth 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  71  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  4  ohurohea,  an  academy,  and  a 
large  cheese-factory.     Pop.  657 ;  of  the  township,  1956. 

Sharon,  Da'vidtown,  or  Hope,  a  post-village  in 
York  CO.,  Ontario,  4i  miles  from  Newmarket.  It  has  a 
foundry,  saw-mill,  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores.    P.  400. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Sharon  township. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sharon  township, 
Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cooperstown. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township, 
Medina  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Akron,  and  30  miles 


SHA 


2446 


oHA 


S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  money-order  post-oflace  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sharon  township, 
Potter  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Oswayo  Creek,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Clean,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Sharon  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Russellville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sharon  Hill,  New  York.    See  Sharon. 

Sharon  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent, 
and  a  manufactory  of  engines  and  other  machinery. 

Sharon  Junction,  Pennsylvania.   See  Clarkstille. 

Sharon  Springs,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Wallace 
CO.,  Kan.,  340  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Topeka.    Pop.  (1890)  178. 

Sharon  Springs,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer 
resort  in  Schoharie  co.,  N.T.,  59  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N. 
of  Albany.  The  village  is  situated  in  a  narrow  valley 
enclosed  by  high  hills,  and  contains  several  large  hotels,  3 
churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Its  springs,  which  con- 
tain sulphur,  magnesia,  &c.,  are  held  in  high  repute  and 
much  resorted  to  by  invalids.     Pop.  627. 

Sharon  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Bland  co.,  Va.,  18  miles  N.  of  Wytheville,  and  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Abingdon.  Here  are  alum  and  chalybeate 
springs. 

Sharon  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Amenia  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
88  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York,     It  has  10  dwellings. 

Sharon  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sharon  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  2  miles  from  Sharon  Station,  N.Y. 
It  has  manufactures  of  malleable  iron. 

Sharonville,  shair'9n-vll,  a  post-village  in  Sycamore 
township,  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  Here 
is  Sharon  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  713. 

Sharonville,  a  village  in  Jackson  township.  Pike  co., 
0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  Ohio  Canal,  and  Scioto  Valley  Rail- 
road, about  15  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sharp,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Spring  River  and  Strawberry  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad.  Capital,  Evening 
Shade.     Pop.  in  1870,  5400  ;  in  1880,  9047 ;  in  1890, 10,418. 

Sharpe,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  825. 

Sharpens  Bridge,  or  Cambridge,  a  post- village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  3  miles  from  Waterville.     P.  180. 

Sharpesburg,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.  P.  947. 

Shari^esville,  Alabama.     See  Sharpsville. 

Sharp  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  ridge  in  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  and  is  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Pottsville 
coal  basin.     Pottsville  is  at  the  N.W.  base  of  this  ridge. 

Sharp's,  Christian  co..  111.    See  Sharpsburg. 

Sharp's,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  B.C.,  on  the  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

Sharps'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Savannah,  Griffin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Newnan.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  oo.,  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
at  Sharp's  Station,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post- village  of  Bath  oo.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Mount 
Sterling.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  319. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Md., 
on  Antietam  Creek,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Hagers- 
town,  10  miles  N.  of  Harper's  Ferry,  and  3  miles  W.  of 
Keedysville  Station  of  the  Washington  County  Branch 
Railroad.  It  contains  6  churches  and  several  general  stores. 
Here  is  a  national  cemetery,  in  which  is  a  tower  overlooking 
the  Antietam  battle-field  and  an  extensive  and  beautiful 
expanse  of  country.     Pop.  about  1300. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nash  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Goldsbor- 
ough.     It  has  a  wagon-factory, 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg  by  street 
railway.     It  has  a  savings-bank,  7  churches,  2  rolling-mills, 


glass-works,  saw-  and  planing-mills,  oil-refineries,  <fec.  In 
streets  are  well  paved  and  lighted  with  gas.  Pop.  about 
5000.  Sharpsburg  Station  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, 4i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  is  on  the  Alleghany  River, 
nearly  opposite  Sharpsburg. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Patricio  co.,  Tex. 

Sharp's  Chap'el,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Sharp's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Mc- 
Pherson  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salina.     P.  364. 

Sharp's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Independence 
CO.,  Ark. 

Sharp's  Island,  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  ofi'  the  entrance 
to  Patuxent  River.     On  the  N.  end  is  a  light-house. 

Sharp's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Blue  River,  about  22  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 

Sharpstown,  New  Jersey.    See  Sharptown. 

Sharps'ville,  or  Sharpesville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles  S.  of  Montgomery.  It  has 
a  church. 

Sharpsville,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Tip- 
ton CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railrosid, 
46  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Sharpsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  3  churches. 

Sharpsville,  or  Sharp's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  La- 
peer CO.,  Mich.,  13  miles  N.  of  Imlay  City. 

Sharpsville,  a  post-borough  in  Hickory  township, 
Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River  and  the  Erie  <t 
Pittsburg  and  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroads,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Sharon,  and  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Greenville.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  brass-foundry,  9  blast- 
furnaces, and  7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2330. 

Sharp'tou,  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Sharp'town,  a  post- hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  from  Ashby's  Station. 

Sharptown,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md,,  on 
the  Nanticoke  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Laurel,  Del.,  and  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Seaford.  It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Sharptown,  or  Sharpstown,  a  post-village  in  Piles- 
grove  township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Salem  Creek,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  296. 

Shartlesville,  shar't^lz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berki 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cigar-factory. 

Shasgo,  Chasgo,  sh&s'go,  or  Shushgao,  shoosh- 
gi'o,  a  cluster  of  villages  and  a  fort  of  Afghanistan,  be- 
tween Ghuznee  and  Cabool,  10  miles  N.  of  Ghuznee. 

Shas'ta,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  has  an 
area  of  about  3960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Sacramento  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cottonwood  and 
Cow  Creeks.  The  Coast  Range  extends  along  the  W.  bor- 
der of  this  county,  which  also  comprises  part  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada.  In  the  S.E.  part  stands  Lassen's  Peak,  which 
has  an  altitude  of  10,577  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Extensive  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and  other  trees  grow  on  the 
mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces 
barley,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  &c.,  and  also  many  kinds  of  fruit. 
Gold  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Granite  and  limestone 
are  also  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  in  a  N.  and 
S.  direction  by  a  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Redding.  Pop.  in  1870,  4173  j  in  1880,  9492;  in 
1890,  12,133. 

Shasta,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  in  Shasta 
township,  is  7  miles  W.  of  Redding  Station,  about  2  miles 
W.  of  the  Sacramento  River,  and  150  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Sacramento.  It  is  in  a  mountainous  region,  near  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Sierra  Nevada  with  the  Coast  Range.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office  and  2  churches.  Gold  is  found  near  this 
place.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3108. 

Shat-el-Arab,  Shatt-el-Arab,  Chat-el-Arab, 
shit-Sl-i'rAb,  or  Schat-ul-Arab,  sh&t-dol-i'rib,  a  river 
of  Asia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Euphrates  and 
Tigris,  enters  the  Persian  Gulf  at  its  head,  in  lat.  30° 
N.,  Ion.  48°  30'  W.,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  120  miles.  It 
receives  the  Kerah  River,  is  connected  by  the  Hafi"ar  Canal 
with  the  Karoon  in  Khoozistan,  and  forms  a  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  Turkish  and  Persian  dominions. 

Shat-el-Hie,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Serpentin. 

Shatista,  or  Schatista,  shiHees'ti,  a  town  of  Turkey, 
in  Roumelia,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salonica.     Pop.  7500. 

Shatool  Pass,  Hindoo-Koosh  Mountains.  See  Shptal 
Pass. 


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Shatsk,  Schatsk,  Shatzk,  or  Chatsk,  sh&tsk,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Tambov,  38  miles  N.  of 
Morshansk.     Pop.  7261. 

Shatt-el-Arab.    See  Shat-ei.-Arab. 

Shat'tucksbnrg)  a  hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  0.,  near  Olentangy. 

Shat'tuckville,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
in  Colerain  township,  2  miles  from  Shelburne  Falls.  It  has 
a  cotton-factory. 

Shattackville^  or  Redan,  a  hamlet  of  Saginaw  oo., 
Mich.,  6  miles  W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Shauck's,  Morrow  co.,  0.    See  Johnsville. 

Shaumburg,  shawm'bilrg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shaum- 
burg  township.  Cook  oo.,  111.,  3i  miles  N.  of  Roselle,  and 
28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  931. 

Shaantie,  shawn'tee,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 
Beaver  oo.,  Utah.     Silver  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Sha'ver*s  Fork,  a  name  given  to  the  main  branch  of 
Oheat  River,  which  runs  through  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sha'vertown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andes  township,  Del- 
aware CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Andes,  and  about  16  miles  S. 
of  Delhi.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill  on  Popacton  River, 

Shaw,  a  post-of&ce  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Rock  River  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon. 

ShaAvan,  sha-wan',  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md..  abont  18  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Baltimore. 

Shawangunk,  shong'g&m,  a  small  river  which  rises 
in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  northeastward,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Sullivan  and  Orange  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Wallkill  River  in  Ulster  oo.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  New  Paltz. 

Shawangank,  a  post-village  in  Shawangunk  town- 
ship, Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Wallkill  River  and  the  Wall- 
kill  Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Goshen,  and  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  large  paper-mill.  Pop.  about  350.  The 
township  is  traversed  by  Shawangunk  River.     Pop.  3000. 

Shawangunk  Mountains,  a  portion  of  the  Appa- 
lachian system,  lying  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  and 
extending  through  Orange  and  Sullivan  cos.  into  Ulster. 

Shawano,  sha-waw'n5h,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  1152  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Oconto  and  Wolf  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Embarras  and  Red  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
Lumber,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  A  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Shawano.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3166 ;  in  1875, 6635 ;  in  1880, 10,371 ;  in  1890, 19,236. 

Shawano,  a  city,  capital  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  is  on  the 
Wolf  River,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Green 
Bay.  It  is  contiguous  to  Shawano  township.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  number  of  churches,  a  bank,  several 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  wash-stands, 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890, 1505. 

Shawano  Lake,  Wisconsin,  in  the  E.  part  of  Shawano 
00.,  is  about  6  miles  long  and  3  miles  wide.  Its  outlet 
enters  the  Wolf  River,  which  is  3  miles  W.  of  the  lake. 

Shawat,  or  Schawat,  sh&'w&t,  a  town  of  Toorkis- 
tan,  khanat  and  22  miles  N.  of  Khiva,  on  a  canal  of  its 
own  name  led  from  the  Amoo-Darya. 

Shaw'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Terrebonne  oo.,  Que- 
bec, 9  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Jerome.     Pop.  175. 

Shawenegan,  shi-wen-^-g&n',  or  Saint  Boni> 
face,  a  post-village  in  St.  Maurice  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the 
river  St.  Maurice,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  con- 
tains saw-  and  grist-mills.  The  Falls  of  the  Shawenegan, 
150  feet  high,  are  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  250. 

Shaw'han,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Paris.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  whisky-distilleries.     Pop.  about  250. 

Shawl,  shawl,  or  Quetta,  kwfit'ti,  a  town  of  Beloo- 
ohistan,  near  the  Afghan  frontier,  in  an  elevated  but  fertile 
valley,  20  miles  N.W.  of  the  Bolan  Pass,  6563  feet  above 
the  sea.     Lat.  30°  8'  N.;  Ion.  66°  66'  E.     Pop.  2000. 

Shaw^nee',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kansas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Wakarusa  River 
and  Soldier  and  Cross  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  praires  and  tracts  of 
timber,  which  is  distributed  along  the  streams.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pota- 
toes are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
are  bituminous  coal  and  good  limestone.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 


A  Pacific  Railroad,  centring  at  Topeka,  which  is  the  cap- 
ital of  this  county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,121 ; 
in  1875,  15,417;  in  1880,  29,093;  in  1890,  49,172. 

Shawnee,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Franoieo* 
Railroad,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Neosho,  Mo. 

Shawnee,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
875.     It  contains  Brownsville  and  Crestline. 

ShaAvnee,  a  post-village  in  Shawnee  township,  John- 
son CO.,  Kansas,  1  mile  from  Shawnee  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  9  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
about  400  ;  of  the  township,  2477. 

Shawnee,  a  township  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2350.     It  includes  Rosedale  and  part  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Shawnee,  township.  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.    P.  1676. 

Shawnee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  BuflFalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Shawnee,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.    Pop.  1169. 

Shawnee,  a  post-village  in  Salt  Lick  township.  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  43  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  and  2  iron-furnaces.     Pop.  in  1890,  3266. 

Shawnee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  2^  miles  above  the  Water  Gap  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Shawnee  Branch,  a  station  on  the  Reading  A  Co- 
lumbia Railroad,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia,  Pa. 

Shawnee  Mission,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas, 
4  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Shawnee. 

Shawnee  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Tippecanoe  CO.,  Ind., 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lafayette.  Here  is  a  mound  71 
feet  high. 

Shawnee  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo., 
about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sedalia.     Pop.  about  80. 

Shaw'neetown,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Gallatin  co., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  62  miles  below  Evansville, 
and  182  miles  by  railroad  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  is  the 
S.E.  terminus  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  banking-house,  a  large  hotel,  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
steam  grist-mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manu- 
factures of  wagons,  staves,  sash,  blinds,  Ao.  Coal  is  mined 
and  lead  is  found  in  this  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  1056. 

Shawneetown,  Indian  Territory.    See  EspABinA. 

Shawneetown,  a  post-village  in  Shawnee  township, 
Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  30  miles  N.  of  Allenville  Station. 
It  has  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Shaw's,  a  station  in  Lee  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A 
Rock  River  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Amboy. 

Shaw's  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgefield  oo,,  S.C. 
Pop.  1760. 

Shaw's  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  li 
miles  from  Sonora,  and  about  48  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  town  hall.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
the  production  of  fruit  and  wine. 

Shaw's  liand'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co,,  Pa., 
on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Franklin  Branch  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Meadville.     Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Shaw's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Shaw's  Ranch,  a  hamlet  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  140 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Shaw's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Shaws'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  Whitehall  Station. 

Shawsville,  a  hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  7  miles  E.  of  Clearfield, 
and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  several  saw-mills. 

Shawsville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Alleghany 
Station,  77  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Shaws'wick,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
8966.     It  contains  Bedford. 

Shaw'ver's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  oo.,  Va. 

Shaw'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Elyria. 

Shaylor's  (sha'lQrz)  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw 
CO.,  S.C. 

Shayook,  Shayuk,  shi^ook',  or  Shayock,  a  consid- 
erable river  of  Little  Thibet,  after  a  southward  course  joint 
the  Indus,  N.  of  the  Himalayas,  118  miles  N.W.  of  Leh. 

Shayuen  River,  South  Dakota.  See  Cheyenne  River. 

Sheak'leyville,  a  post-borough  in  Sandy  Creek  town- 
ship, Mercer  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  from  Hadley  Station,  and 


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about  15  miles  S.  of  Meadrille.  It  has  4  oharches,  a  foun- 
dry, a  bank,  a  cheese-factory,  a  machine-shop,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  273. 

Shear'er's  Cross  Roads,  or  Shear'ersbnrg,  a 
post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  24  miles  E.N.E,  of 
Pittsburg,  and  2  miles  from  Leechburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Shear'er's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  on 
Salmon  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Florence. 

Shearer  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky. 

Shea's  (shaz)  River,  or  Brook  Village,  a  post- 
village  in  Inverness  co..  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Mabou. 

Shebance,  she-banss',  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111. 
Pop.  2530. 

Shebeen,  or  Shebin,  Egypt.    See  Shetbeek. 

Sheboy'gan,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  515  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  drained  by  the  Sheboygan, 
Mullet,  and  Onion  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Fine  Silurian  (Niagara)  limestone  underlies  part 
of  the  surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Milwau- 
kee, Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Milwaukee  & 
Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Sheboygan.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,749 ;  in  1876, 
34,021;  in  1880,  34,206;  in  1890,  42,489. 

Sheboygan,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  capital  of  Sheboygan 
CO.,  is  on  Lake  Michigan,  52  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Milwaukee, 
and  43  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of 
the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad.  It  oontains  a 
court-house,  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  another  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  wagon-factory,  stoneware-works,  enamelling- 
works,  mineral-water-  and  bottling- works,  and  9  newspaper 
offices.  Its  leading  manufactures  are  chairs,  leather,  and 
furniture,  while  the  lumber,  agricultural,  and  manufac- 
turing trades  are  also  carried  on.     Pop.  in  1890,  16,359. 

Sheboygan  Falls,  a.  post-village  of  Sheboygan  oo., 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Sheboygan 
&  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and 
on  the  Sheboygan  River,  6  miles  from  Lake  Michigan. 
It  has  water-power,  a  bank,  2  flouring-mills,  2  woollen- 
mills,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  2  carriage-factories,  and  a 
sash-factory.  Cheese  is  exported  extensively  from  this  place. 
Pop.  1175;  of  the  township,  excluding  the  village,  1910. 

Sheboygan  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Fond  du  Lao 
CO.,  and  runs  northeastward  into  Manitowoc  co.,  from  which 
it  flows  southeastward  to  Sheboygan  Falls.  It  enters  Lake 
Michigan  at  the  city  of  Sheboygan.     See  also  CBSBOreAN. 

Shebshe,  a  town  of  Bosnia.    See  Jepee. 

Shechem,  shee'kem,  a  town  of  Palestine. 

Shedd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Ore- 
gon &  California  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  church. 

Shedden,  Victoria  co.,  Ontario.    See  Cobocone. 

Shediac,  8hSd^e-&k',  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  on 
an  island  near  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  coast  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  Westmoreland.  The 
town  has  a  tolerable  harbor  on  Northumberland  Strait. 
Shediac  Railway  Station  is  at  Pointe  du  Ch^ne,  which  is 
often  called  Shediac.  It  has  a  printing-office  issuing  a 
weekly  paper,  a  Catholic  college,  15  stores,  6  hotels,  several 
mills,  and  a  large  boot-  and  shoe-factory.  It  exports  oys- 
ters and  lumber.     Pop.  500. 

Shed's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  Shed's  Comers  Station  of  the  Cazenovia  &  De 
Ruyter  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2 
shurches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Sheelin,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Sheelik. 

Sheemoga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sihooa. 

Sheen'water,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Erie 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Grand  Island,  in  Niagara 
River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo. 

Sheep'head,  a  post-office  of  Roop  co.,  Nevada. 

Sheep-Head  Cape,  Ireland,  oo.  of  Cork,  terminates 
the  peninsula  between  Dunmanus  Bay  and  Bantry  Bay,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Bantry. 

Sheep  Islands  are  a  cluster  of  islands  in  Lake 
Ooroomeeyah,  North  Persia,  province  of  Azerbaijan. 

Sheep  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  39°  11'  35"  N.,  Ion.  106«>  6'  46"  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  12,250  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sheep  Ranch,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Andreas.  It  has  a  gold-mine  and  1  or  2 
quartz-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sheep'scott  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Castle 


township,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on  Sheepscott  River,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Wiscasset.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sheepscott  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Waldo  co.,  runs 
nearly  southward  through  Lincoln  co.,  and  enters  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bath.  It  is  navigable 
from  its  mouth  to  Wiscasset. 

Sheep's  Head  Bay,  or  The  Cove,  a  village  of 
Kings  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  ocean,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Coney  Island. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sheeraz,  Shiraz,  or  Chiraz,  she^r&z'  or  shee'r&z, 
sometimes  written  Schiras,  a  city  of  Persia,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Fars,  in  a  valley  famous  for  its  gardens 
and  fertility,  4500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  115  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bushire.  Lat.  29°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  44'  E.  Pop,  esti- 
mated at  20,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls  nearly 
4  miles  in  circumference,  and  entered  by  6  gates,  flanked 
with  towers.  It  formerly  had  an  imposing  appearance; 
but  many  of  its  best  edifices  were  ruined  by  an  earthquake 
in  1824.  The  houses  are  mostly  small  and  mean,  the 
streets  filthy.  The  principal  buildings  comprise  the  great 
bazaar,  the  citadel,  containing  a  royal  palace,  the  great 
mosque,  numerous  colleges,  baths,  and  Mohammedan 
tombs.  About  half  a  mile  outside  of  the  wall  are  the  tomb 
of  the  poet  Hafiz,  a  native  of  Sheeraz,  and  the  famed  gar- 
den of  Jehan  Namse,  to  which  the  inhabitants  repair  for 
recreation.  Sheeraz  has  manufactures  of  silk  and  woollen 
stuffs,  sword-blades,  sherbet,  soap,  earthenwares,  and  wine. 
Its  commerce  is  extensive.  Wine,  rose-water,  attar  of  roses, 
assafoetida,  dried  fruits,  silk,  goats'-hair,  wool,  saffron, 
drugs,  horses,  orpiment,  madder,  and  tobacco  are  sent 
to  Bushire,  in  return  for  Chinese,  Indian,  and  European 
manufactures,  spices,  metals,  and  other  goods.  Salt  from 
adjacent  lakes,  and  other  merchandise,  are  forwarded  oo 
mules  to  most  of  the  inland  cities  of  Persia. 

Sheer^ghur',  or  Shirgarh,  sheer^gQr',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muttra.   Pop.  5306. 

Sheergot'ta,  Sheergot'ty,  Shergot'ty,or  Sher- 
gati,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Qaya  district.  Lat.  24°  33'  24" 
N. ;  Ion.  84°  50'  £.  It  has  some  manufactures,  and  was 
formerly  a  place  of  great  importance.     Pop.  7033. 

Sheeripoor,  India.    See  Sherpoor  and  Seerpoor. 

Sheerkote,  or  Shirkot,  sheer'kot',  a  town  of  India, 
in  Bijnaur,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  12,586. 

Sheer^ness',  a  seaport  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  oa 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Sheppey,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Medway  with  the  Thames,  11  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Chatham.  Of  its  quarters.  Banks-town,  Blue-town, 
Marina,  and  Mile-town,  the  first  two  are  enclosed  within 
fortifications.  The  dock-yard,  occupying  60  acres,  contains 
a  wet-dock,  several  dry-docks,  extensive  storehouses,  hand- 
some official  residences,  &o.  Outside  the  yard  is  Garrison 
Point,  with  the  residence  of  the  port  admiral,  coast-guard 
station,  and  barracks.  The  town  has  a  long  wharf,  and 
several  hulks  ranged  off  the  shore  form  a  breakwater.  It 
has  also  a  pier,  a  bathing  establishment,  and  numerous 
schools.  Exports,  corn,  seeds,  and  oysters  to  London ;  but 
the  trade  lies  chiefly  in  the  supply  of  the  government  es- 
tablishments. It  communicates  by  steamers  and  rail  with 
London  and  Chatham.     Pop.  in  1891,  14,492. 

Sheeripoor',  Sherepoor,  sheeripoor',  or  Seer^- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  23  miles  W.  of  Gha- 
zeepoor.     Pop.  7960. 

sheerwan,  Russia.    See  Shirvan. 

Sheet  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  77  miles  E.  of  Halifax.  It 
has  several  saw-mills,  stores,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  375. 

Shee-Tsien,  Shi-Tsien,  Chi-Tsien,  she-tsee^- 
in',  or  Shee-Tsien-Foo,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Koei-Choo,  430  miles  N.W.  of  Canton. 

Shefeen,  or  Shefean,  sh&-feen',  an  island  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Delagoa  Bay.  It  is  about  6  miles 
long,  very  narrow,  low,  and  sandy. 

Sherfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  capital  of  the  district  of  Hallamshire,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Sheaf  and  Don  Rivers  (both  crossed  by  several 
bridges),  on  the  Sheffield  <fc  Don  Canal,  and  on  several  rail- 
ways, 141  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  The  town  is  for  the 
most  part  irregularly  built,  consisting,  particularly  in  its 
older  parts,  of  steep  and  narrow  streets,  and  brick  houses, 
often  of  an  antiquated  appearance.  In  the  more  modern 
parts  the  streets  are  both  wide  and  straight,  and  many  of 
the  shops  are  remarkable  for  their  elegance,  though  the 
clouds  of  smoke  cause  everything  to  assume  a  very  dingy 
hue.  Almost  all  the  streets  are  well  paved,  and  lighted 
with  gas. 

The  borough  has  numerous  churches,  among  which  ar« 
the  original  parish  church,  a  spacious  cruciform  structura 


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St.  Paul's,  a  handsome  Grecian  edifice,  St.  Qeorge's,  St. 
Philip's,  St.  Mary's,  a  Wesleyan  chapel,  a  very  imposing 
edifice,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  craciform  Duild- 
ing  with  a  tower  terminating  in  an  elegant  spire  200  feet 
high.  The  other  more  important  buildings  and  institutions 
are  the  town  hall,  a  substantial  stone  structure,  the  Cutlers' 
Hall,  a  handsome  Grecian  edifice,  the  music  hall,  the  corn 
exchange,  with  a  portico  of  16  massive  pillars,  market 
hall,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  barracks,  public  baths,  the 
railway  stations,  grammar-school,  Wesley  College,  occupy- 
ing a  very  handsome  structure,  the  collegiate  proprietary 
school,  the  People's  College,  the  national,  British,  charity, 
infant,  ragged,  and  various  other  schools,  the  school  of  de- 
sign, the  mechanics'  institution  and  lyceum,  for  which  com- 
plete and  even  elegant  accommodation  has  been  provided, 
the  athenaeum,  the  literary  and  philosophical  society,  pos- 
sessed of  a  good  museum,  the  medical  hall,  and  the  public 
and  mechanics'  libraries.  The  principal  benevolent  insti- 
tutions are  the  general  infirmary,  the  Shrewsbury  and  Hillis' 
Hospitals,  the  Licensed  Victuallers'  Asylum,  Deakin's 
Charity,  and  valuable  charities  under  the  management  of 
the  Cutlers'  Company.  To  the  other  objects  of  interest 
already  mentioned  may  be  added  the  parks,  the  botanic 
garden,  the  cemeteries,  Ac. 

The  suburbs  are  neatly  laid  out,  with  many  elegant  man- 
sions and  villas.  SheflSeld  is  the  great  seat  of  the  manu- 
facture of  cutlery  (for  which  it  has  been  celebrated  since 
the  time  of  Chaucer),  silver-plate  and  plated  goods,  with 
nearly  everything  that  can  be  made  of  iron  or  steel.  It 
has  brass-foundries,  manufactures  of  britannia-metal  and 
German-silver  goods,  buttons,  combs,  optical  instruments, 
brushes,  and  wood-turning.  Steam-power  is  used  in  forging 
and  grinding,  for  which  operations  vast  buildings  are  con- 
structed. Coal  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity.  The  Don  is 
navigable  up  to  the  town,  and  the  canal  basin  admits  ves- 
sels of  50  tons.  There  are  large  meroantile  houses  trading 
with  foreign  countries. .  Cheese,  corn,  and  fruit  are  staple 
articles  of  trade.  The  borough  is  divided  into  9  wards, 
and  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  It  is  the  seat  of 
quarter  sessions  and  a  county  court.     Pop.  (1891)  324,243. 

Sheffield,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  about  34 
miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township.  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Hock  Island  So  Pacific  Railroad, 
37i  miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  and  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Geneseo. 
It  has  valuable  coal-mines,  a  union  school,  a  banking- 
house,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  1000, 

Sheffield,  a  village  of  Greene  co.,  111.,  on  the  Rookford, 
Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  Sheffield  Station,  28 
miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Here  is  Rockbridge  Post-Office. 

Sheffield,  a  post-office  and  station  in  North  township. 
Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  3  railroads,  viz.,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  and  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern,  16  miles  S.S.B.  of  Chicago. 

Sheffield,  township,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1599. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  18  miles  S.  of 
Mason  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Sheffield  township,  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and  the  Housa- 
tonic  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  45  miles 
W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  several  mills.  The  township  is  noted  for  its  beautiful 
mountain-scenery  and  its  quarries  of  white  marble.  The 
columns  of  Girard  College,  Philadelphia,  are  formed  of 
Sheffield  marble.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2233. 

Sheffield,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.     Pop.  770. 

Sheffield,  a  post-township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  aoout  20 
miles  W.  of  Cleveland,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie, 
and  intersected  by  Black  River.     Pop.  973. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  Sheffield 
township,  on  Tionesta  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Erie  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corry.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill,  and  is  lighted  with  natural 
gas.     Pop.  of  the  township,  660. 

Sheffield,  a  post-office  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co..  Vt.,  in  Shef- 
field township,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  2  churches  and 
2  saw -mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  811. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  64  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  is 
the  seat  of  an  academy.     Pop.  150. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dundas.    It  bas  3  stores.     Pop.  150. 


Sheffield  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  head  of  the  Habitant  River,  7  miles  from 
Kentville.     Pop.  200. 

Shef'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Bedford.     Pop.  1111. 

Shef'ford,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Quebec, 
drained  by  the  Yamaska  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Stan- 
stead,  Shefford  A  Chambly  Railway.  Area,  655  square 
miles.     Capital,  Waterloo.     Pop.  19,077. 

Shef'ford  Mountain,  a  post-village  in  Sheflford  co., 
Quebec,  4i  miles  from  Granby.     Pop.  100. 

Shefkateel-Soo,  or  Shefkatil-Su,  shirki-teel'- 
soo,  a  small  river  which  enters  the  Black  Sea  on  its  E.  side. 

Shegaon,  she-gaw'9n,  or  Sheogawm,  she-p-gawm', 
a  town  and  cotton-mart  of  India,  on  the  Great  India  Rail- 
way, district  of  Akola.     Pop.  7450. 

Sheher-Babic  and  Sneher-e-Babec.    See  Ba- 

BABE6. 

Shehr,  shSH'r  or  sh&'h^r,  a  Persian  and  Turkish  word 
signifying  "  city"  or  "  town,"  forming  the  name  or  a  part 
of  the  name  of  a  number  of  towns  in  Western  Asia. 

Shehr,  a  popular  appellation  in  the  Mahrd  dialect  of  the 
lofty  range  of  mountains  extending  from  the  E.  limits  of 
Mahrah  to  Dhofar  and  Mirbat.  They  are  named  on  the 
maps  the  Mountains  op  Sbjek  or  Seger. 

Shehr,  shSn'r,  a  maritime  town  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.B. 
coast,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Makallah.  Lat.  14°  48'  N. ;  Ion. 
49°  40'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  6000.  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  cotton  cloths,  gunpowder,  arms,  Ac,  and  a  brisk 
general  trade. 

Shehr,  a  town  of  Arabia,  lat.  14°  38'  30'  N.,  Ion.  49° 
27'  35"  E.,  formerly  important,  but  now  a  village  occupied 
by  fishermen's  families. 

Shehr-e-Soobz,  Shehr-e-Sonbz,  or  Shehr-i- 
Snbz,  shSh'r-ee-soobs,  also  written  Schar-i-Sabs,  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Samarcand,  and 
occupying  the  site  of  Kesh.  It  comprises  within  its  walls 
two  towns,  Shehr  and  Kitab.    Pop.  35,000. 

Shehrizoor,  Shehrizonr,  Shehrizur,  shfihVe- 
zoor'  (written  also  Shehrzoor,sh5h'r^zoor',  and  Shehre> 
zur),  or  Shahrizul,  shiVe-zool',  a  town  of  Turkish 
Koordistan,  near  the  Persian  frontier,  160  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Bagdad. 

Sheik  (or  Shek)  Abadeh,  Egypt.    See  Ababdb. 

Sheikhan,  shi^kin',  a  village  of  Persian  Koordistan, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Zohab. 

Sheik  Shaib,  Persian  Gulf.    See  Busheab. 

Sheik's  (sh&'iks)  Islands,  of  Africa,  are  in  the  Bay 
of  Zeyla,  Sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  between  Zeyla  and  Ta- 
joorah. 

Sheilds,  Dodge  co..  Wis,    See  Shields. 

Sheipoo,  shi^poo',  a  maritime  town  of  China,  province 
of  Che-Kiang,  40  miles  S.  of  Ning-Po.  It  has  a  consider- 
able trade. 

Shekhoabad,  Shekoabad,  sh4k-ko^&-b&d',  or 
Shik^hoabad',  a  town  of  India,  in  Minpooree,  35  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Agra.     Pop.  10,070. 

Shek^hoopoor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund.  Pop. 
5226. 

Shekineh,  shAi-kee'n^h,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Yeshil-Irmak,  72  miles  N.N.E.  of  Amasia. 

Shekom'eko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Millerton. 

Shek-Pei-Wan,  shAk^p&^w&n',  a  maritime  village  on 
the  S.  coast  of  Hong-Kong. 

Sheksna,  Schecsna,  or  Cheksna,  sh£ks'n&,  a  river 
of  Russia,  issues  from  Lake  Bielo-Ozero,  in  the  N.  of  the 
government  of  Novgorod,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Volga 
on  the  left.     Length,  150  miles. 

Shelbi'na,  a  post- village  in  Salt  River  township,  Shel- 
by CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  47 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  23  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Macon.  It 
contains  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
tobacco.  It  is  the  largest  village  in  the  county,  and  is  an 
important  shipping-point.     Pop.  in  1890,  1691. 

Shel'bnrn,  a  post-village  in  Curry  township,  Sullivan 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evansville  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Shel'bnrne,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shelburne  township, 
Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Deerfield 
River,  and  contains  part  of  a  village  named  Shelburne 
Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1553. 

Shelbnrne,   a  post-office  and    station   in   Shelburne 


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township,  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River  and 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland, 
Me.  Mount  Baldoap  is  in  this  township.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 259.  ^.     ^^. 

Shelbume,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rutland  &  Burlington  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.  of  Burlington,  and  about  2  miles  E.  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  or  high  school,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1190. 

Shel'burne,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic.  Area,  945  square  miles. 
The  coasts  are  remarkable  for  their  numerous  deep  indenta- 
tions, forming  excellent  harbors,  into  which  flow  the  Clyde, 
Jordan,  and  other  considerable  rivers.  The  surface  is 
mountainous  along  the  shore ;  the  interior  is  mostly  level. 
Capital,  Shelburne.     Pop.  12,417. 

Shelburne )  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Shelburne,  on  the  N.E.  arm  of  a  capacious  har- 
bor, 160  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax.  This  harbor  is  regarded  as 
the  best  in  Nova  Scotia.  On  the  S.E.  point  of  McNutt's 
Island,  at  its  entrance,  stands  a  light-house,  exhibiting  2 
lights,  the  higher  of  which  is  120  feet  above  the  sea.  Shel- 
burne is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and  has  excellent 
facilities  for  the  repairing  and  furnishing  of  vessels.  It 
contains  iron-works,  several  hotels,  and  a  number  of  stores. 
Pop.  1000.    See  also  Middle  Ohio. 

Shelburne  Bay*  Northeast  Australia,  is  an  inlet  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  11°  50'  S.,  Ion.  143°  E. 

Shelburne  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  in  Shelburne  and  Buckland  townships,  on  the  Deer- 
field  River  and  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Railroad,  17 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and  69  miles  W.  of 
Fitchburg.  The  river  here  falls  about  150  feet.  This  vil- 
lage has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  large  manufac- 
tory of  cutlery  and  hardware,  a  public  library,  an  academy, 
4  churches,  and  a  silk-factory. 

Shel'by,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  772  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Coosa  River,  and  is  intersected  in  the  N.W. 
part  by  the  Cahawba  River.  The  surface  is  finely  diversi- 
fied with  hills  and  valleys.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of 
the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part 
of  its  area.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bitu- 
minous coal  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia,  the  first  two  of  which  connect  with  Columbiana, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,218;  in  1880,  17,236;  in 
1890,  20,886. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  776  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kaskaskia  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of 
the  Sangamon  and  the  Little  Wabash  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of 
the  white  oak,  ash,  hickory,  maple,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  It  has  many  thousand  acres  of  wood- 
land. Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
sorghum  molasses  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous 
coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  the 
Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Shelby ville.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,476 ;  in  1880,  30,270 ; 
in  1890,  31,191. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Blue  River  (or  the  East  Fork  of  White  River),  and  also 
drained  by  Flat  Rock  Creek  and  Sugar  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  black  walnut,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  hay, 
and  pork  are  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, and  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad. 
Capital,  Shelbyville.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,892 ;  in  1880,  25,257 : 
in  1890,  25,454. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West  Nishna- 
batona  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mosquito,  Silver,  and 
Indian  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the 
•taples.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock 


Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Harlan.  Pop.  in  1870,  2540 ;  in  1880,  12,696 ;  in 
1890,  17,611. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  405  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Beech 
and  Clear  Creeks  and  small  affluents  of  the  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  <fc 
Nashville  Railroad  and  the  Louisville  Southern  Railroad. 
Capitol,  Shelbyville.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,733;  in  1880, 16,813; 
in  1890,  16,521. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  514  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Salt  River  and  a  stream  called  North  Two 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  South  Fabius  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  stople  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals is  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  Capital,  Shelbyville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,119;  in  1880,  14,024;  in  1890,  15,642. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area, 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Miami 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Loramie's  Creek.  The  surface 
is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Nearly  one-third  of  its  area  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  <fcc.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Miami  Canal,  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Sidney.  Pop. 
in  1870,  20,748;  in  1880,  24,137;  in  1890,  24,707. 

Shelby,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Tennessee, 
borders  on  the  stote  of  Mississippi.  Area,  about  728  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  Loosahatchee  and  Wolf  Rivers  and 
Elk  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  elm,  gum,  maple, 
oak,  hickory,  tulip-tree,  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  pork,  and  lum- 
ber are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mem- 
phis &  Charleston  Railroad,  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad,  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  the  Newport  News  <fc  Mis- 
sissippi Valley  Railroad,  and  other  railroads,  which  centre 
at  Memphis,  the  capitol.  This  is  the  most  populous  county 
of  the  Btete.  Pop.  in  1870,  76,378 ;  in  1880,  78,430 ;  in 
1890,  112,740. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  At- 
toyac  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  stople 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  in  the  N.  part  by  the 
Houston,  East  &  Wost  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Center. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5732;  in  1880,  9523;  in  1890,  14,365. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co,,  Ala.,  about  5  miles 
S.  of  Columbiana,  the  capitol  of  the  county. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Edwards  co..  111.     Pop.  1469. 

Shelby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  about  18  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Crown  Point. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2365. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1453. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Council  Bluff's.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1653.     It  contains  Utica. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  in  Shelby  township,  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
31  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Muskegon,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pent- 
water,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Hart.  It  has  a  planing-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  2  hotels,  4  stores,  and  a  money-order  post-oflSce. 
Pop.  in  1890,  994;  of  the  township,  2470. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  728. 

Shelby,  or  Shelby  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Shelby 
township,  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Lockport, 
and  2  or  3  miles  S.  of  Medina  Station  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Shelby.  This  township  con- 
tains part  of  Medina  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3702, 


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Shelby^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C., 
in  Shelby  township,  on  or  near  the  First  Broad  River,  and 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  female  seminary,  4  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  sewing-ma- 
chines. About  5000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  a 
year.     Pop.  in  1890,  1394;  of  the  township,  3570. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Richland 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &  Newark  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Sandusky,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Mansfield,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Crestline.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  a  banking-house,  1  or  2  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of 
portable  engines,  carriages,  and  flour.  Pop.  (1890)  1977. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Shelby  Junction. 

Shelby,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about  100.  Here 
is  Sulphur  Well  Post-Offioe. 

Shelby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  oo.,  Tex.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Brenham. 

Shelby,  a  post-office  in  Shelby  township,  La  Crosse  co., 
Wis.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  La  Crosse.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  has  a 
pop.  of  837. 

Shelby  Basin,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  about  44  miles  W.  of  Rochester. 

Shelby  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Shelby  township,  Blue 
Earth  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles  from  Winnebago  City. 

Shelby  Centre,  New  York.    See  Shelby. 

Shelby  City,  a  post-village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  at  Dan- 
ville Junction,  on  the  Knoiville  Branch  of  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati 
Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Danville,  and  86  miles 
S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Shelby  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co., 
Ala.,  6  miles  S.  of  Columbiana,  and  about  36  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Birmingham.  It  has  a  church,  and  2  furnaces  which 
produce  pig-iron.     Pop.  about  700. 

Shelby  Junction,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Shelby  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Louisville. 

Shelby  Junction,  Richland  co.,  Ohio.    See  Shelby. 

Shelby  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Snelby  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  66  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Selma.     Here  is  a  sulphur  spring. 

Shel'byville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  on 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mattoon,  and  about  32  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Decatur.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  3  fiouring-mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a 
woollen-mill,  manufactures  of  carriages  and  ploughs,  and  a 
graded  school  with  a  fine  house.     Pop.  in  1890,  3162. 

Shelbyville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind., 
in  Addison  township,  on  the  Blue  River,  and  on  the  India- 
napolis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Columbus  &  Rushville  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Indianap- 
olis, 24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Rushville.  It  has  7  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national 
bank,  a  banking-house,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices, 
a  furniture-factory,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  (1890)  6451. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky., 
on  Clear  Creek,  31  miles  E.  of  Louisville,  and  20  miles  W. 
of  Frankfort.  It  is  connected  with  Louisville  by  the  Shel- 
byville Branch  of  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington 
Railroad,  and  contains  a  court-house,  about  10  churches,  2 
banks,  the  Shelbyville  Female  College,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1880,  2380  ;  in  1890,  2679. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Martin  and  Wayland  townships,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc 
Indiana  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Qrand  Rapids.  It  has  2 
steam  saw-mills. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village  in  Shelby  township.  Blue 
Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Blue  Earth  River,  6  miles  N.  of 
Winnebago  City,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  flour-mills. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co..  Mo., 
in  Black  Creek  township,  on  Black  Creek,  8  miles  N.  of 
Shelbina,  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hannibal,  and  25  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  school,  4  churches,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  700. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bedford  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Duck  River,  and  on  a  railroad  (8  miles  long) 
which  connects  at  Wartrace  with  the  Nashville  in  Chatta- 


nooga Railroad,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia,  and  6C 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house, 
which  cost  about  $90,000,  the  Shelbyville  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute, a  graded  school,  8  churches  (besides  4  colored  churches), 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
flour-mills,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.  It  is  one 
of  the  chief  grain-markets  of  the  state.     Pop.  about  2600. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  about 
95  miles  E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

ShePdahl',  a  post-village  in  Palestine  township,  Story 
CO.,  Iowa  (and  partly  in  Boone  and  Polk  cos.),  on  the  Dea 
Moines  &  Minneapolis  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  a  church,  an  elevator,  a  money-order  post-office,  a 
mill,  and  about  76  houses. 

Shel'den,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  t 
New  Orleans  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Houston. 

Shel'don,  a  post- village  in  Sheldon  township,  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Kankakee,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Watseka.  It 
has  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  bricks,  barrels,  brooms,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  910; 
of  the  township,  1770. 

Sheldon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Munoie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Sheldon,  a  post-village  in  Floyd  township,  O'Brien 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  58 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City,  and  36  miles  W.  of  Spencer. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  3  churches.     P.  730. 

Sheldon,  a  post-office  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  8  or  9 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Newton. 

Sheldon,  or  Sheldon's  Corners.    See  Canton. 

Sheldon,  a  post-village  in  Sheldon  township,  Houston 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Winona,  and  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Caledonia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flonring-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  899. 

Sheldon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sheldon  township,  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Warsaw,  and  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  The  township  contains  the  villages  of 
Strykersville  and  Varysburg.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2277. 

Sheldon,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  14 
miles  from  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Sheldon,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Sheldon  township, 
Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Beaufort.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6466. 

Sheldon,  or  Sheldon  Springs,  a  post-village  in 
Sheldon  township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  A 
Ogdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Central  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Missisquoi 
River.  It  has  3  churches,  several  hotels,  and  boarding- 
houses.  Here  are  mineral  springs  which  contain  soda, 
iron,  crenic  acid,  &c.,  and  attract  many  visitors.  Large 
quantities  of  the  water  are  bottled  for  exportation.  The 
township  contains  North  Sheldon,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1697. 

Sheldon,  a  station  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Sheldon 
Springs. 

Sheldon,  a  station  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Rail 
road,  2  miles  S.  of  Sheldon  Junction,  Vt. 

Sheldon,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.     Pop.  742. 

Sheldon,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Mono  Mills.     Pop.  125. 

Sheldon  Junction,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Portland  it  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Sheldon's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  oo.,  HI., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Sheldon  Springs,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.    See  Sheldon. 

Shel'donville,  a  post-village  in  Wrentbam  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church. 

SheI'drake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Shel- 
drake Point,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Ithaca.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill,  and  a  landing  for 
steamboats. 

Shelghur,  shSrgQr',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Uhuznee.  It  has  a  fort,  and  is  inhabited  by  a  tribe 
of  Afghans  called  Lohanis.     Pop.  3000. 

Shelikoff,  Sheligov,  Schelikow,  or  Cheligoff, 
shi'le-Kdf,  a  strait  or  channel  of  Alaska,  between  the  island 
of  Kadiak  and  the  mainland.     See  also  Iliahna  Lake. 

Shell  Creek,  Nebraska,  intersects  Platte  oo.,  rum 
southeastward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Platte  in  Col* 
fax  CO.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Schuyler.     Length,  SO  milfl" 


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Shell  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Colfax  oo.,  Neb. 

Shelliff,  shSriifir  or  shSPleer,  Chelif,  or  China 
Laph,  che-ni-l3,f' ,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  Algeria, 
rises  in  Mount  Atlas,  flows  through  Lake  Titteri,  and,  after 
a  N.  and  N.AY.  course  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Mediterranean 
N.E.  of  Mostaganem. 

Shell  Knob,  n5b,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Logan  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Shell  lidke,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Washburn 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Hudson. 

Shell  Mound,  a  station  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  22  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Shell  River,  an  afBuent  of  the  Saint  Croix,  in  Saint 
Croix  CO.,  Wis.  .  Its  Indian  name  is  Eatesikang. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-town  in  Shell  Rock  township, 
Butler  CO.,  Iowa,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  and  Iowa  &  Pacific 
Railroads,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  aboat  8 
miles  W.  of  Waverly.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce,  2  charohes, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  woollen  goods.  Pop.  in 
1890,  733 ;  of  the  township,  1482. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  oo.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Burlington. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shell  Rock  township, 
Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Albert  Lea,  and  about 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Austin.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1013. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex. 

Shell  Rock  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  near  the  N.  border 
of  the  state,  and  unites  with  Lime  Creek,  in  Floyd  co.,  to 
form  the  English  River. 

Shell  Rock  River  rises  in  Freeborn  oo.,  Minn.,  passes 
Into  Iowa,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  intersects  the  cos.  of 
Worth,  Floyd,  and  Butler,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in 
Black  Hawk  co.,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Shells'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township,  Ben- 
ton CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Vinton.  It  has  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Shel'ly,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Backs  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  cigar-factory. 

Shelly,  a  station  in  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Perkiomen 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Allentown. 

Sheloc'ta,  a  post-borough  in  Armstrong  township,  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  on  Crooked  Creek,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  2  charohes  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  113. 

Shel'ter  Cove,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Paoifio  Ocean,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Mendocino. 

Shelter  Island,  a  post-hamlet,  summer  resort,  and 
township  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  island  of  the  same 
name,  between  Gardiner's  Bay  and  Peconic  Bay,  1  mile  S. 
of  Greenport.  It  has  a  windmill,  a  church,  and  a  large 
hotel.  Pop.  of  the  township,  645.  Its  surface  is  hilly  and 
presents  beautiful  scenery.     The  island  is  6  miles  long. 

Shel'ton,  a  township  and  ohapelry  of  England,  oo.  of 
Stafford,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyne.  It  com- 
prises the  village  of  Etruria  and  part  of  Cobridge,  and  is 
on  the  line  of  the  Crewe  &  Derby  Railway  and  the  Grand 
Trunk  Canal. 

Shel'ton,  a  village  in  Huntington  township,  Fairfield 
30.,  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  opposite  Birmingham, 
and  i  mile  from  Birmingham  Station.  It  has  manufactures 
of  paper,  silver-plated  goods,  hosiery,  and  pins.     P.  1362. 

Shelton,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb.,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Kearney.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Shelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  on  Broad 
River,  45  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Shelton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 30  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Satsop,  and  16  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  648. 

Shel'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  3  miles  from  Suwanee  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Shemaka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shamaka. 

Shembeghewn,  shim^b^h-gun',  a  town  of  Burmah, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  68  miles  N.W.  of  Patanago.  Lat.  20° 
30'  N.;  Ion.  94°  30'  E. 

Shemoga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Simoga. 

Shen^ando'ah,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Cedar  Creek.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Valley 
of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Massanutten 


Mountain.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory, 
chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  limestone  and  slate.  This  county 
is  connected  with  Alexandria  by  a  branch  of  the  Richmond 
&  Danville  Railroad.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Harper's 
Ferry  <fc  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Woodstock,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,936;  in  1880,  18,204;  in  1890,  19,671. 

Shenandoah,  a  post-village  in  Grant  township.  Page 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nishnabatona  River  and  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri  River  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Hamburg,  and 
18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Red  Oak.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
2  banking-houses,  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  10  stores. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1387 ;  in  1890,  2440. 

Shenandoah,  Richland  co.,  0.    See  Sbanandoah. 

Shenandoah,  a  post-borough  in  Mahanoy  township, 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Philadelphia 
<fc  Reading  Railroads,  2i  miles  W.  of  Mahanoy  City,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Pottsville,  and  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ashland. 
It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  several , 
collieries.  Here,  at  times,  more  than  1,000,000  tons  of  coal 
areproduced annually.  Pop. in  1880, 10,147;  in  1890, 15,944. 

Shenandoah  Alnm  Springs,  a  post-office  and 
watering-place  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  W.  of 
Mount  Jackson.  It  has  chalybeate  springs,  and  others 
which  contain  sulphuric  acid. 

Shenandoah  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
church,  and  mines  of  iron  and  kaolin. 

Shenandoah  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  of  Page 
CO.,  Va.,  on  or  near  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah 
River,  23  miles  E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
iron-furnaces,  and  a  steam  forge. 

Shenandoah  River,  Virginia,  is  formed  by  the  North, 
Middle,  and  South  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Port  Republic  in 
the  Great  Valley.  It  runs  northeastward  through  the  cos. 
of  Rockingham,  Page,  Warren,  and  Clarke.  Finally  it  in- 
tersects Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  just  above  its  passage  through  the  Blue 
Ridge.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  A  small 
stream  called  the  North  Fork  runs  northeastward  through 
Shenandoah  co.,  and  enters  the  main  river  in  Warren  co., 
about  2  miles  from  Fi-ont  Royal.  The  river  above  the 
mouth  of  the  North  Fork  is  sometimes  called  the  South 
Fork.  The  Shenandoah  valley  is  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  is  noted  for  its  beauty  and  fertility. 

Shenango,  she-nang'go,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Pa.    Pop.  1748. 

Shenango,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  2618. 

Shenango,  a  hamlet  and  transfer-station  of  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  the  Erie  A  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, and  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Shenango  <fc  Alleghany  Railroad,  28^ 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville,  and  2  miles  S.  of  Greenville. 

Shenango  River,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Crawford 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  Mercer  oo.,  and  unites  with 
the  Mahoning  River  in  Lawrence  co.,  about  4  miles  S.W. 
of  New  Castle.  The  stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  the 
Beaver  River.     The  Shenango  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Shendy,  Schendi,  or  Chendi,  shSn'dee^  sometimes 
written  Chandi  or  Shandy,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khartoom.  Lat. 
16°  38'  N.;  Ion.  33°  15'  E.  It  was  destroyed  in  1821,  but 
is  again  a  place  of  great  commerce.  Markets  are  held 
here  twice  weekly,  at  which  live-stock  of  all  kinds,  fine 
wheat,  straw,  jars,  salt,  baskets,  and  cotton  cloths  are  sold. 
Near  it  the  finest  senna  is  abundant. 

Shenevns,  New  York.    See  Schenetus. 

Shenkoorsk,  Schenkoursk,  or  Schenknrsk, 
shfin^kooKsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  192  miles 
S.E.  of  Archangel.     Pop.  1074. 

Shen-See,  Shen-Si,  or  Chen-Si,  shin-see'  {i.e., 
the  "  western  frontier"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat. 
32°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  106°  and  111°  E.,  having  N.  Mon- 
golia, and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Kan-Soo,  Se- 
Chuen,  Hoo-Pe,  Ho-Nan,  and  Shan-See.  Pop.  10,207,256. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  less  fertile  than  the  more 
eastern  provinces.  The  Hoang-Ho  forms  most  of  its  E. 
boundary,  and  it  is  intersected  by  the  Hoei-Ho.  The  prod- 
ucts are  millet,  iron,  porphyry,  jasper,  copper,  gold,  musk, 
ginseng,  rhubarb,  and  timber.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  agricultural  and  military  implements,  and  felt  for  mili- 
tary clothing.  It  is  divided  into  7  departments.  Chief 
city,  See-Ngan. 

Sheogawn,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sheoaon 


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2453 


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She^ohur',  or  Sheohar,  she^o-hfir',  a  town  of  Bengal, 

16  railos  S.W.  of  Seetamurhee,  with  fine  temples.    P.  5051. 

Sheoo-Yang-Shan,    or    Cheou-Yang-Chan, 

Bhi^oo'y4ng^sh3,M',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan- 
Soo.  Lat.  34°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  104'»  17'  E.  it  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow. 

She^opoor',  or  Sheopoor  Khas^  she-o-poor  k&s,  a 

town  of  India,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Benares.     Pop.  9279. 

Sheopoor  Dear,  she-o-poor'  de-ar',  a  town  of  India, 

district  and  about  25  miles  E.  of  Ghazeepoor,  near  the 

Ganges.     Pop.  6382. 

She-Pa-Ky,  shi^pi^kee',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Fo-Kien. 

Shep'ardsville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo.,  Mich., 
in  Ovid  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  St.  John's. 

Shepang,  she-pawg',  a  station  of  the  Shepaug  Railroad, 
on  the  Housatonio  River,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Bethel,  Conn. 

Shepaag  River^  Connecticut,  a  small  stream,  rises  in 
Litchfield  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Housatonic 
River  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Danbury. 

Shepherd)  shep'^rd,  a  station  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, on  the  Alexandria  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Potomac  River,  opposite  Alexandria, 
Va.,  which  is  1  mile  distant  by  railway-ferry. 

Shepherd's  Station,  N.C.  See  Granite  Hill. 
Shepherdstown,  shep'^rdz-town,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Steubenville.  P.  44. 
Shepherdstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Upper  Allen  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  f  of  a  mile  from  Bowmansdale 
Station,  and  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  &c.     Pop.  about  200. 

Shepherdstown,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  12  miles  above  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill, 
and  a  quarry  of  cement.  It  is  the  seat  of  Shepherd's  Col- 
lege (a  state  normal  school).     Pop.  about  2000. 

Shepherdsville,  shep'^rdz-vil,  a  post- village,  capital 
of  Bullitt  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on 
the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of 
Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels,  4  stores,  a  grist-mill, 
and  an  academy.  Pop.  about  500.  Here  is  a  summer 
resort,  called  Paroquette  Springs. 

Shep'ody  Bay,  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  Albert,  is  the 
W.  arm  of  Chignecto  Bay,  and  receives  the  rivers  Petitco- 
diac  and  Memramcook.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Hopewell 
Cape  and  Dorchester. 

Shep'pardtown,  a  post-village  of  Leflore  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Yazoo  River,  36  miles  W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a 
church,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shep'perton,  a  village  of  England,  in  Middlesex,  on 
the  Thames,  and  on  a  railway,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Staines. 

Shep'pey,  an  island  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Thames,  between  the  estuaries  of  the  Med- 
way  and  Swale.  Length,  9  miles ;  breadth,  4i  miles.  On 
its  W.  side,  bordering  the  Medway,  are  Queenborough  and 
Sheerness,  and  S.  the  islets  of  Elmley  and  Harty. 

Shep'ton-Mal'let  (local  pron.  8hep'9n),  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  a  branch  of  the  Brue,  19  miles 
S.  of  Bristol.  Pop.  4363.  It  has  some  good  residences,  a 
handsome  church,  a  market-cross,  the  county  bridewell,  an 
almshouse,  a  free  school,  manufactures  of  crape,  beer,  and 
velvets,  and  interesting  Roman  antiquities. 

Sheran'do,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
W.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  7  miles  S.  of  Waynesborough 
Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  iron,  lumber,  and  woollen  goods. 

Sher'born,  a  post-village  in  Sherborn  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  railroad  from  Fitchburg  to  New 
Bedford,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  public  li- 
brary, an  academy,  a  state  prison  for  women,  and  2 
churches.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1381. 
•  Sherborne,  sh^r'bpm,  a  town  of  England,  in  Dorset, 
on  the  Ivel,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Yeovil.  Pop.  5545.  It  is 
finely  situated,  partly  on  a  height,  is  compactly  built,  has 
a  large  church,  formerly  part  of  an  abbey,  and  was  the  see 
of  a  bishop  from  the  eighth  till  the  eleventh  century.  It  has 
an  old  town  hall  and  market-house,  a  noted  grammar- 
school,  a  blue-coat  school,  almshouses  and  other  charities, 
and  manufactures  of  silks,  twist,  and  buttons. 

Sher'boro,  or  Sher'bro,  an  island  of  Africa,  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Sherboro  River,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sierra 
Leone,  in  lat.  7°  30'  N.,  Ion.  12O40' W.  Length,  30  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.  It  produces  rice  and  fruits,  which  the 
inhabitants  export  to  Sierra  Leone  in  return  for  manofac- 
kared  Koods.  'ed^  vdj  ou  ,,'i.n  ,A/a  iw 


Sherbro  River,  the  name  of  an  estuary  of  Sierra  Leone, 
West  Africa,  formed  by  the  Yong,  Boom,  Kittam,  and  Ba- 
groo  Rivers,  which  are  navigable  for  some  distance  inland. 

Sher'brooke,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Steele  co., 
N.D.,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  P.  (1890)  144. 
Sher'brooke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec. 
Area,  220  square  miles.  It  ia  trayersed  by  3  railways,  and 
watered  by  the  river  St.  Francis  and  other  streams.  Capi- 
tal,  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  8516. 

Sherbrooke,  a  town  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Sherbrooke,  on  the  river  Magog,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
and  Massawippi  Valley  Railways,  at  the  W,  terminus  of 
the  St.  Francis  &  Lake  Megantic  International  Railway, 
101  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  121  miles  S.S.W.  of  Quebec,  and 
196  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  bank,  a  branch 
bank,  6  churches,  offices  issuing  3  weekly  newspapers,  an 
academy,  about  30  stores,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  cotton  cloths,  flannels,  iron  castings,  machinery,  axes, 
pails,  Ac. ;  also  saw-mills,  breweries,  Ac.     Pop.  4432. 

Sherbrooke,  a  river-port  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Guys- 
borough,  on  the  estuary  of  the  river  St.  Marys,  12  miles 
from  the  Atlantic,  and  124  miles  E.N.E.  of  Halifax.  Ship- 
building is  engaged  in,  and  large  quantities  of  deals  are 
sent  hence  to  England.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  hotels,  5 
or  6  stores,  a  tannery,  and  a  chair-factory.  Pop.  500.  See 
also  New  Ross. 

Sherbrooke  Gold-Mines.    See  Goldenville. 

Sher'burn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  York,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  1542. 

Sher'burne,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Elk  River.  The  Rum  River  traverses  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
numerous  little  lakes  and  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern 
and  Northern  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Elk  River.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2050;  in  1880,  3855;  in  1890,  5908. 

Sherburne,  a  hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  about  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Maysville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  158. 
Here  is  Sherburne  Mills  Post-Office. 

Sherburne,  a  post- village  in  Manyaska  township,  Mar- 
tin CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Sherburne,  a  post-village  in  Sherburne  township,  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  Canal  and  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Norwich, 
and  43  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  contains  a  union  high 
school,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  pottery,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.  Pop.  about  1000.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Chenango  River.     Pop.  2945. 

Sherburne,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sherburne  township,  Rut- 
land CO.,  Vt.,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church, 
and  some  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
462.  Killington  Peak,  4221  feet  high,  is  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Sherburne. 

Sherburne  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  8  milea 
N.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  13  dwellings. 

Sherburne  Mills,  Kentucky.    See  Sherburne. 

Sher'burn ville<,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kankakee  co.,  III., 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kankakee  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Shereeah-el-Kebeer,  or  Sheriah-el-Kebir. 
See  Jordan. 

Sheribon,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Cheribon. 

Sher'idan,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks  of  the  Solomon  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  county  has  no  continuous 
belts  of  timber,  but  ash,  cherry,  elm,  Cottonwood,  hack- 
berry,  and  box-elder  are  found  along  its  larger  rivers  and 
streams.  Brick-clay  is  found  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Union  Pacific  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
roads.    Capital,  Hoxie.    Pop.  in  1880, 1667 ;  in  1890,  3733. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  co..  Ark., 
about  33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Little  Rook,  and  23  miles 
(direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  haa  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  184. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  16  miles 
oy  rail  S.E.  of  Marysville.    It  has  a  church. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  go.,  111.,  on  Fox 
River,  27  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a  church, 
a  newspaper,  a  graded -school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  425. 


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Sheridan,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  cc,  Ind. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  511. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  381. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  cc,  Iowa.  P.  679. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1211. 

Sheridan,  a  post-township  of  Sioax  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
338.  Sheridan  Station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad  is  7  miles  W.  of  Sheldon. 

Sheridan,  township,  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     P.  1341. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     P.  284. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1459.     It  contoins  Cherokee. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  873. 
It  contains  Prescott. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
461.     It  contains  Delphos. 

Sheridan,  a  post-office  of  Sheridan  co.,  Kansas. 

Sheridan,  a  station  of  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15i  miles  N.B.  of  Wallace. 

Sheridan,  a  village  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on  Thorn- 
apple  Lake  and  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  and  a  dry- 
goods  store.     Pop.  about  150.    Here  is  Morgan  Post-Office. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich.     P.  1687. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  212. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  196. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Mecosta  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  160. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  in  Evergreen  and  Sidney 
townships,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Stanton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  stave-factory,  and  several  lum- 
ber-mills and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  about  700. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     P.  653. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     P.  161. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  923. 

Sheridan,  Ray  oo.,  Mo.    See  Ratville. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  oo..  Neb.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Brownville. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Nevada,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Carson  City. 

Sheridan,  a  post- village  in  Sheridan  township,  Chau- 
tauqua 00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Dun- 
kirk. It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about 
250.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  1665. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Hill  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Yam  Hill  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  Methodist  college.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sheridan,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  in  Mill  Creek  township,  Leba- 
non CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  17^  miles 
W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  blast-furnaces  for  pig-iron,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  store. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  of  Pennington  oo.,  S.D.,  17 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Rapid  City.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Sheridan,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Waupaca  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  41  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Menasha. 

Sheridan,  a  post- village  in  Halton  oo.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
N.  of  Oakville.     Pop.  100. 

Sheridan  Centre,  post-office,  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Sheridan  Coal-Works,  a  post-village  in  Perry  town- 
ship, Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  3  >  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  Big  Sandy  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
coal-mine. 

Sheridan,  Mount,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  National 
Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Yellowstone 
Lake,  and  near  lat.  44°  IS'  N.  It  is  a  peak  of  the  main 
range  or  "divide"  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  rises 
10,420  feet,  giving  one  a  range  of  vision  over  an  immense 
area,  and  presenting  to  the  view  several  hundred  distinct 
mountain-summits,  at  distances  varying  from  30  to  200 
miles.  A  large  part  of  it  is  formed  of  porphyry  of  a  pur- 
plish-pink color. 

Sheridan's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Sherkin,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  iNNiSHERKiif. 

Sherk'ston,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Buffalo  &  Goderich  Branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 7  miles  E.  of  Port  Colborne.     Pop.  100. 

Sher'lock   a  nost-office  of  Palo  Alto  oo.,  Iowa. 


Sherlock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sequoyah  cc,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  near  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  66i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dodge  City. 

Sherm,  shinm,  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  a  "  harbor," 
the  name  of  several  inlets  or  ports  of  the  E.  coast  of  the 
Red  Sea,  as  Sherm-Bareikah,  Sheru-Rebeoh,  &c. 

Shermadevi,  India.    See  Shairhadavt. 

Sher'man,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
ders on  Colorado.  Area,  about  1080  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Beaver  Creek  and  other  small  streams,  and 
traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Goodland.     Pop.  in  1890,  5261. 

Sherman,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Middle  Loup  River.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  prairie, 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Loup  City.  Pop.  in 
1876,  491;  in  1880,  2061;  in  1890,  6399. 

Sherman,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 
bounded  N.  by  Indian  Territory,  and  traversed  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Canadian  River.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  about  54 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  of  Eagle  co..  Col. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Sherman  township,  about  13  miles  N.  of  Danbury.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  846. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kootenai  co.,  Idaho,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Rathdrum  and  about  2  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Coeur  d'Alene. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  on  t^« 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Sherman,  a  hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Vernon. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  410 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  997. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  325. 

Sherman,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  684. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township,  Powe- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  about  65  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  haa 
2  churches. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  261  - 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  9ll>. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
967.     It  contains  Drywood. 

Sherman,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  477. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1403.  It  contains  Stranger  and  Lenape. 

Sherman,  township,  Washington  co.,  Kansas.    P.  2045. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grant  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  CincinnaU  Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in 
Sherman  township,  about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Houlton.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  township  (which  contains 
a  village  named  Sherman  Mills),  701. 

Sherman,  a  hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Allegan, 
and  21  miles  S.  of  Holland.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.     Here  is  Bravo  Post-Office. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     P.  1094. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  84. 

Sherman,  township,  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  928. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  290. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.    P.  430. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  363. 

Sherman,  township,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1215. 

Sherman,  a  post- village,  formerly  the  capital  of  Wex- 
ford CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Manistee  River,  about  24  miles  S. 
of  Traverse  City,  and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Cobb  River,  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mankato. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     P.  104. 

Sherman,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoo  co..  Miss.,  at  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  the  county,  10  miles  N.E.  of  the  village 
of  Pontotoe,  and  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  New  Albany. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1116. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.     Pop.  987. 

Sherman,  St.  Louis  oo..  Mo.    See  Saint  Paul. 

Sherman,  a  post-village  of  Furnas  co..  Neb.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Wilsonville  Station,  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Beaver 
City,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Sherman,  a  post- village  in  Sherman  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chautauqua  Lake  Railroad,  9^ 


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miles  S.S.W.  of  Mayville,  and  19  miles  N.  of  Corry.  It 
oontains  5  churobes,  a  grist-mill,  a  union  school,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  785;  of  tbe  township,  1531. 

Sherman,  a  post-village  in  Norton  township,  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  at  Dennison  Station  on  tbe  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad. 

Sherman,  a  post- village  in  Scott  township,  Wayne  co., 
Pa.,  2  miles  from  Hale's  Eddy,  N.T.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sherman,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D.,  22 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Sioux  Falls. 

Sherman,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
tbe  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  N.  of  Dallas, 
148  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Denison.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  the 
capital  of  which  amounts  to  $450,000,  the  Austin  College, 
7  churches,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  2  mills,  &e.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1439;  in  1880,  6093  ;  in  1890,  7336. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  262. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.    Pop.  687. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  oo.,  Wis.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Wausau. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
1664.  Sherman  Station,  in  this  township,  is  at  the  village 
of  Adell. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Albany  co.,  Wy- 
oming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Chey- 
enne, and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laramie.  It  is  on  the  Lara- 
mie range  of  mountains,  8242  feet  above  tbe  sea-level. 

Sherman  City,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  an  affluent  of  the  Neosho  River,  about  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Parsons. 

Sherman  City,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chippewa  River,  about  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand 
Rapids.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sherman  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Sherman  township, 
Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Moluncus  River,  35  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Houlton.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  1  or  2  lumber-mills, 
a  tannery,  and  a  church. 

Sherman,  Mount,  a  peak  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  in 
Grant  co.,  Oregon,  is  said  to  have  an  altitude  of  about 
11,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sherman  Park,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Yandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  22  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  St,  Louis. 

Sherman's  Creek,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  or  near  Petersburg. 

Sherman's  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carroll  township. 
Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  Sherman's  Creek,  10  miles  N.  of  Car- 
lisle.    It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sherman's  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Jerusalem  town- 
ship, Yates  CO.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  from  Penn  Yan. 

Sherman's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Pittstown  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  from  Johnsonville. 

Sher'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky., 
about  54  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Shermansville,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Sadsbury  township,  3  miles  from  Linesville  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
broom-factory.  Pop.  about  100.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Tamarac. 

Sherm  Antar.     See  Astabel  Sherh  Aktar. 

Sherm-Bareikah,  shSRm-b&-ri'k&,  an  inlet  of  the 
Red  Sea,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Yembo. 

Sherm-Rebegh,  shdRm-ri-bftg',  a  town  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  110  miles  S.E.  of  Yembo,  and  the 
place  of  a  large  annual  fair. 

Sherm-Wejh,  shSRm-wfij',  a  town  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  Red  Sea,  130  miles  N.W.  of  Yembo. 

Sher'odsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township, 
Carroll  co.,  0.,  on  Conotten  Creek,  about  25  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Canton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sher^poor',  Sherpur,  sher-poor',  or  Sher^pore',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Mymunsingh  district.  Lat.  25°  58"  N. ; 
Ion.  90°  3'  E.  It  is  a  straggling  place,  ill  built,  and  deca- 
dent.    It  has  a  trade  in  jute.     Pop.  8016. 

Sherpoor,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Bograh  district.  Lat. 
24°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  29'  B.  It  is  well  built,  largely  of 
brick,  and  is  a  place  of  great  wealth.     Pop.  4229. 

Sher^rard',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Sher'rett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Reimerton.  It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  steam  grist- 
mill. 

Sher'rill,  a  post-township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  30  miles 
e.  of  Rolla. 


Sherrill's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C. 

Sherrill's  Mound  (or  Mount),  a  post-village  of 
Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sher'rington,  or  Saint  Patrick  de  Sherring- 
ton, a  post-village  in  Napierville  co.,  Quebec,  2i  miles 
from  Hughes',  30  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It  has  4  stores 
and  4  hotels,  and  a  good  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  400. 

Shershell,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Chbrchell. 

'sHertogenbosch,  Netherlands.    See  Bois-le-Duc. 

Sher'wood,  a  post-village  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Sherwood  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Cold  water. 
It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  &c.  Pop. 
about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1073. 

Sherwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scipio  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ridge  Road,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn. 

Sherwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  oo.,  0.,  in  Dela- 
ware township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  2  milea 
from  Delaware  Bend. 

Sherwood,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn. 

Sherwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Menasha, 
and  about  1  mile  E.  of  Lake  Winnebago.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Sherwood  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co., 
Cal.,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ukiah. 

Sheshequin,  she'she-kwin,  a  post-village  in  Shesbe- 
quin  township,  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y., 
and  9  miles  N.  of  Towanda.  Ulster  Station  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river.  She- 
shequin has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1596. 

Sheshkiyev,Sche8chkejew,  or  Scheschhjejew, 
shfis-k^h-yiv',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  73  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the  Kalma.     Pop.  5207. 

Shetek,  Lyon  co.,  Minn.    See  Lake  Shetek. 

Shetek,  she-tSk',  township,  Murray  co.,  Minn.    P.  166. 

Shetek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  in  Shetek 
(or  Chetac)  township,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls. 

Shet'land  (or  Zet'land)  Islands,  an  archipelago 
of  32  inhabited  and  over  70  uninhabited  islands,  in  the  At- 
lantic, belonging  to  Scotland,  of  which  country,  with  the 
Orkneys,  50  miles  S.S.W. ,  it  forms  a  county.  It  is  mostly 
between  lat.  59°  51'  and  60°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  0°  44'  and  1° 
44'  W.,  180  miles  S.E.  of  the  Faroe  group.  Area,  5388 
square  miles.  Pop.  31,608.  Mainland,  in  the  S.W.,  com- 
prises about  half  the  area,  and  more  than  half  the  entire 
population,  together  with  Lerwick  and  Scalloway,  the  only 
towns  in  the  group.  Other  islands  are  Yell,  Unst,  Fetlar, 
Whalsay,  Bressa,  East  and  West  Barra,  Papa-Stour,  Fowla, 
the  westernmost  (and  conjectured  to  be  the  Ultima  Thule 
of  the  ancients),  and  Fair  Isle,  intermediate  between  Shet- 
land and  Orkney.  The  coasts  are  generally  bold  and  pre- 
cipitous, presenting  cliflfs  broken  into  the  most  rugged  and 
fantastic  forms,  and  attaining  in  the  precipice  of  Fowla  the 
height  of  1200  feet  above  the  sea.  Their  deep  creeks  and 
sounds  form  a  succession  of  noble  natural  harbors.  The 
interior  is  not  very  elevated,  but  is  extremely  wild  and 
rugged,  with  an  almost  total  absence  of  wood.  Gneiss, 
mica-schist,  hornblende  and  other  slate,  serpentine,  and 
primitive  limestone  are  the  principal  rocks.  Some  copper, 
iron,  and  clay  are  met  with,  but  few  mines  or  quarries  are 
wrought.  Chromate  of  iron,  or  chrome-yellow,  is  an  im- 
portant article  of  export  from  Unst.  The  valleys  in  Main- 
land are  interspersed  with  many  small  lakes,  and  the  cli- 
mate is  very  damp  and  variable.  The  soil  is  light  and 
gravelly,  and,  agriculture  is  in  a  backward  condition. 
The  cod-,  ling-,  and  tusk-fisheries  are  highly  important. 
The  manufactures  are  almost  wholly  domestic,  chiefly  Shet- 
land hosiery  and  shawls,  woven  by  hand  from  fine  wool; 
other  exports  are-cattle,  fish,  &o.  Beremeal,  oatmeal,  fish^ 
and  potatoes  constitute  most  of  the  food.  The  people  are 
chiefly  of  Norwegian  descent,  and  their  ancestors  are  said 
not  to  have  embraced  Christianity  until  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury. The  islands  form  a  synod  of  the  Scottish  Church, 
and,  together  with  Orkney,  they  send  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Scandinavian  antiquities  are  numer- 
ous in  the  islands.    See  also  Sodth  Shetland. 

Shet'land,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  oo.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  from  Newbury.     Pop.  175. 

She'ton's,  a  township  of  Pickens  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  218. 

Shet'tlestone,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  with  foundries.    P.  of  parish,  7617. 

Shetuck'et  River,  Connecticut,  is  formed  by  the  Na- 


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ohaug  and  Willimantic  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Windham 
CO.  near  Willimantic.  It  runs  southeastward,  and  unites 
with  the  Yantio  at  Norwich  to  form  the  Thames  River. 

Shevagunga,  she-vi-gung'ga,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  25  miles  B.S.E.  of  Madura.     Pop.  7392. 

She  Vagur'ry,  or  Sivagiri,  she'v%-ghir'ree,  a  town  of 
India,  Tinnevelly  district,  87  miles  N.  of  Cape  Comorin. 
Pop.  14,025. 

Sheybeen,  shrheen',  Shi^been'  (written  also  Chi- 
bin  and  Chirbin),  or  Sheybeen-el-Koom,a  village 
of  Lower  Egypt,  at  the  junction  of  two  railways  and  sev- 
eral canals,  on  the  old  Sebennytic  branch  of  the  Nile. 

Sheyenne)  or  Shienne^shrenn',  written  also  Shay> 
ueii)  A  river  of  North  Dakota,  rises  by  two  branches  in 
the  N.  central  part  of  the  state,  flows  in  a  generally  S.E. 
direction,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the  North  in  Cass 
CO.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Moorhead.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  300  miles.    See  also  Chetenne  River. 

Shiashkotan,  she-ish-ko-tin',  an  island  of  the  Kooril 
group,  in  lat.  48°  52'  N.,  Ion.  154°  8'  E.  It  is  12  miles 
from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  and  lies  8  miles  W.  of  Karamako- 
tan. 

Shiawassee,  shr%-w&s'see,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  cen- 
tral part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  528  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Looking  Glass  and  Maple  Rivers,  which  rise 
in  it.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  beech,  sugar-maple,  &o.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Detroit,  Grand  Haven  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  the  Toledo, 
Ann  Arbor  A  North  Michigan  Railroad,  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Saginaw  Jk  Mackinaw 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Corunna.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20,858;  in  1880,  27,059;  in  1890,  30,962. 

Shiawassee y  a  village  and  township  of  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  2  miles  from  Vernon.  Here  are  paper-,  flour-, 
and  saw-mills,  and  barrel-shops.     Pop.  1336. 

Shiawassee  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Oakland  oo., 
drains  the  S.  part  of  Genesee  co.,  and  runs  northwestward 
to  Owosso,  where  it  turns  to  the  right.  It  next  flows  north- 
ward into  Saginaw  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Flint  River 
about  8  miles  S-W.  of  Saginaw  City.  The  stream  there 
formed  is  the  Saginaw  River.  The  Shiawassee  is  nearly 
100  miles  long. 

Shib'boleth,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Shib'ley's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  oo.,  Mo.,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Kirksville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Shick'shinny,  a  post-borough  in  Salem  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  1 
or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  1045. 

Shick'shock  Mountains,  a  range  of  highlands  on 
the  Gasp6  peninsula,  Quebec,  extending  65  miles  from  the 
E.  side  of  the  Ste.  Anne  des  Monts  to  the  Matane.  They 
stand  on  a  breadth  of  from  2  to  6  miles,  at  a  distance  of 
about  12  miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  rise  into  points 
between  3000  and  4000  feet  high. 

Shidler,  or  Shideler,  shi'dler,  a  post-office  of  Dela- 
ware CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Muncie. 

Shiel,  Loch,  I&e  sheel,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  between  the 
COS.  of  Inverness  and  Argyle,  separating  the  districts  of 
Moidart  and  Ardgowan,  16  miles  W.  of  Fort  William. 
Length,  15  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile.  It  discharges  its  sur- 
plus waters  on  the  W.,  by  the  river  Shiel,  into  the  sea  at 
Loch  Moidart. 

Shields,  North,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  within  the  parliamentary  borough  of 
Tynemouth  (which  town  lies  1  mile  to  the  N.E.),  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Tyne,  near  its  mouth,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  New- 
castle, on  the  Northeastern  and  Blyth  &  Tyne  Railways. 
Pop.  about  10,000.  North  Shields  has  risen  chiefly  within 
this  century,  and  is  a  well-built  seaport.  It  has  extensive 
water-works,  2  churches,  numerous  chapels,  literary  and 
philosophical  institute,  mechanics'  institute,  theatre,  town 
hall,  several  public  halls  for  lectures,  &c.,  2  cemeteries, 
people's  park,  public  baths  and  wash-houses,  a  sailors'  home, 
market-place,  custom-house,  and  2  light-houses.  There 
are  ship-  and  boat-building  yards,  establishments  for  the 
manufacture  of  anchors,  chain-cables,  windlasses,  blocks 
and  masts,  and  other  shipping  gear,  iron-foundries,  salt- 
pans, tanneries,  earthenware-works,  and  breweries.  Hats, 
gloves,  and  tobacco  are  manufactured  also.  North  Shields 
has  a  large  coal-trade. 

Shields,  South,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 


on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Tyne,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sunderland.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  a  town  hall  and  exchange,  in  a  large  square,  a 
theatre,  and  the  church  of  St.  Hilda.  Ship-building  and 
the  manufacture  of  rope,  glass,  soap,  soda,  and  beer  are  the 
principal  branches  of  industry.  Shields  has  a  thriving 
trade.  The  port,  by  an  expansion  of  the  river  into  a  wide 
bay,  is  capable  of  containing  2000  merchant-vessels.  The 
port  communicates  by  railway  with  all  parts  of  the  country. 
A  steam  ferry  plies  to  North  Shields.  It  sends  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  78,431. 

Shields,  sheeldz,  township.  Lake  co.,  111.     Pop.  1262. 

Shields,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Driftwood  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Missis- 
sippi Railroad,  at  Shields'  Mill  Station,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Brownstown.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Shields,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0. 

Shields,  or  Sheilds,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Witi 
Pop.  1065. 

Shields,  or  Sheild,  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis 
Pop.  650. 

Shieldsborough,  Mississippi.    See  Bat  St.  Louis. 

Shields  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
from  Martin's  Station. 

Shields  River,  a  small  stream  of  Montana,  rises  near 
the  S.  border  of  Meagher  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters 
the  Yellowstone  River  in  Gallatin  co. 

Shields  River,  a  post-office  and  trading-post  of  Gal- 
latin CO.,  Montana,  on  Shields  River,  33  miles  N.E.  of 
Bozeman. 

Shiel  dsville,  sheeldz' vil,  a  post- village  of  Rice  co., 
Minn.,  in  Shieldsville  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Faribault.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  110;  of  the  township,  631. 

Shield's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Shielville,  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.     See  Buena  Vista. 

Shienne  River.    See  Cheyenne,  and  Shtenne. 

Shiff'nal,  a  town  of  England,  in  Salop,  on  the  Bir- 
mingham &  Shrewsbury  Railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Wolver- 
hampton. Pop.  2190,  employed  in  coal-  and  iron-mines 
and  in  a  paper-manufactory. 

Shi g'a wake,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, 58  miles  S.W.  of  Perc6.     Pop.  225. 

Shikagua  River,  Iowa.    See  Skunk  Riykr. 

Shik^arpoor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Shikarpoor 
district,  Sinde,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sukkur.  It  is  the 
abode  of  many  wealthy  natives,  and  the  seat  of  a  large 
trade  and  an  extensive  cotton-manufacture.     Pop.  38,107. 

Shikarpoor,  a  district  of  India,  in  Sinde,  between  the 
Indus  and  the  Beloochee  frontier.  Area,  8813  square  miles. 
Capital,  Shikarpoor.     Pop.  776,227. 

Shikarpoor,  a  town  of  India,  disirict  and  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Boolundshahur.  It  is  compactly  built.  Pop.  11,150. 

Shikatze,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Teshoo-Loomboo. 

Shikim,  a  state  of  India.     See  Sikkiu. 

Shikoku,  she-ko'kuh,  less  correctly  written  Sikokf 
and  Sikoke,  the  smallest  of  the  four  main  islands  of 
Japan,  S.  of  Hondo,  and  E.  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Area,  7031 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  2,863,342. 

Shilka,  Schilka,  or  Chilka,  shil'ki,  a  river  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  in  Transbaikalia,  forming,  by  its  junction 
with  the  Argoon,  the  Amoor.  In  the  upper  part  of  its 
course  it  is  called  the  Onon. 

Shillooks,  Shillouks,  or  Shilluks,  shiriooks',  a 
people  dwelling  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Africa,  especially 
in  the  equatorial  provinces  of  Egypt,  to  which  a  part  are 
subject.  They  are  a  tall  negro  race,  and  extremely  savage, 
but  have  done  good  service  in  the  Egyptian  army. 

Shiloh,  shi'lo,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  about 
54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co..  Ark. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles  E.  of 
Hamilton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Edgar  oo.,  lU.     Pop.  1202. 

Shiloh,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  ^o..  111.,  about  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Belleville,  and  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  298. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N.  of 
Tipton. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  551. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  523. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky. 

Shiloh,  a  post- village  of  Union  parish,  La.,  40  milei 
N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  contains  the  Concord  Institute  (Bap- 
tist), 2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill.  &c. 


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2457 


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Shilohf  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  in  Orleans 
townahip,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern  Railroad 
(Stanton  Branch),  11  miles  N.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  union  school. 

Shiioh,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Butler  oo.,  Mo. 

Sbiloh)  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb. 

Shiloh)  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.J.,  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  and  2  stores. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shiloh  township,  Camden  CO., 
N.C.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Pasquotank  River,  about  48  miles 
S.  by  B.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1546. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1541. 

Shiloh,  a  post-village  in  Cass  township,  Richland  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  16  miles  N.  of 
Mansfield.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  760. 

Shiloh,  a  post-township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1618. 
Shiloh  Post- Office  is  about  55  miles  E.  of  Columbia. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Corbandale  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Tex. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  26  miles 
E.  of  Fredericksburg.     Pop.  25. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

Shiloh  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Champaign  co..  Ill,,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Champaign  City.     Here  is  a  church. 

Shiloh  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  4i 
miles  W.  of  Campbell  Hill  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Shilohville,  shi'lo-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co., 
Tenn.,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Corinth,  Miss.  It  has  a  church. 
Near  here  occurred  the  battle  of  Pittsburg  Landing. 

Shi'mer,  a  station  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high A  Lackawanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Shi'mers,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Phillipsburg.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron-furnace,  a 
saw-mill,  and  3  other  mills. 

ShimersTille,  shi'm§rz-vll,  or  Shi'merville,  a  post- 
village  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Allentown, 
And  i  mile  from  Zionsville. 

Shimo'da,  or  Simo'da,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of 
Hondo,  at  the  Si  end  of  the  peninsula  of  Idzu,  80  miles 
S.W.  of  Tokio.  In  1854  it  was  opened  to  American  com- 
merce, but  in  the  same  year  it  was  destroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake, and  its  harbor,  previously  good,  was  ruined,  since 
which  the  place  has  become  unimportant.     Pop.  4000. 

Shimoga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Simoga. 

Shimonos^ki,  shim^o-no-sSk'e,  or  Simonosaki, 
«im^o-no-s&k'e,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  S.W.  point  of 
Hondo,  commanding  the  Strait  of  Shimonos6ki.  It  was 
bombarded  in  1864  by  a  fleet  of  British,  French,  Dutch, 
and  American  ships.  Pop.  10,000.  The  Strait  op  Shim- 
onos£ki,  at  one  point  only  i  mile  across,  separates  Hondo 
from  Kioo-Sioo,  and  connects  the  Inland  Sea  with  the  Sea 
of  Japan.     It  is  a  very  important  channel  of  commerce. 

Shin'bone,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Shin  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
44  miles  W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Shin'dle,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Lew- 
istown  division),  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewistown,  Pa. 

Shinghit,  shin-gheet',  or  Shingeti,  shin-g&'te,  a  town 
of  the  Sahara,  in  the  Adr&r  oasis,  with  a  depot  for  rock  salt 
and  a  good  caravan-trade.     Pop.  3500. 

Shing-King,  China.    See  Leao-Tong. 

Shingle  (shing'g^l)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin 
eo.,  Minn. 

Shingle  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.T., 
in  Antwerp  and  Rossie  townships,  near  the  Rome,  Water- 
town  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad  (Keene's  Station),  41  miles 
S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 
It  is  partly  in  Jefferson  co. 

Shinglehouse,  a  post-office  of  Potter  oo..  Pa. 

Shingle  Springs,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Sacramento  &  Placerville  Railroad,  49  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  about  200. 

Shingletown,  shing'g^l-tSwn,  a  post- village  of  Shasta 
oo.,  Cal.,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Bluff.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds. 

Shin-Lin-Ling,  or  Chin-Lin-Ling,  sheen^leen^- 
ling',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Shan-See,  in  lat. 
^7°  36'  N.,  Ion.  112°  44'  E. 

Shin,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Shin. 

Shin'necock  Bay,  Suffolk  oo.,  N.T.,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Long  Island,  is  10  or  12  miles  long,  and  separated  from 
the  sea  by  a  navrow  sand-beach. 

155 


Shinn'ston,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Clarksburg,  and  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheel- 
ing. It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  2  grist-mills,  and 
a  pottery. 

Shinrone,  shin-r5n',  a  town  of  Ireland,  Kings  co.,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Roscrea.     Pop.  652. 

Shin-Yang,  a  town  of  Manchooria.  See  Mookden. 

Shiocton,  shi-dk'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Outagamie  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Bovina  township,  on  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Green 
Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  30i  miles  W.  by  8.  of  Green 
Bay.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Ship  Cove,  a  fishing-hamlet  on  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 4  miles  from  Brigus.     Pop.  439. 

Ship  Cove,  a  hkmlet  on  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland. 
3  miles  from  Trinity.     Pop.  360. 

Ship  Har'bor,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washing- 
ton. 

Ship  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax. 

Ship  Island,  in  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  ^  mile 
from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  142. 

Ship  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  30  miles  N.  of 
the  Chandeleur  Islands. 

Ship'ka,  a  Bulgarian  village  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  in 
a  gorge  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Balkan  range.  Pop.  4000. 
In  the  rear  of  the  village  is  Shipka  Pass. 

Shipka  Pass,  a  famous  pass,  near  the  centre  of  the 
Balkan  Mountains,  in  Bulgaria,  14  miles  S.  of  Gabrova. 
Elevation,  4324  feet.  Three  miles  S.  of  the  pass  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Shipka. 

Ship'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  at  a  railway 
junction,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bradford.  Pop.  11,757,  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  woollens  and  paper. 

Shipley,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
W.  of  Palmerston.     Pop.  100. 

Ship'man,  a  post-village  in  Shipman  township,  Ma- 
coupin CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  19  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Shippegan,  ship-p^h-gSn',  an  island  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, near  its  N.E.  coast,  at  the  S.E.  entrance  of  the  Bay 
of  Chaleurs.     It  is  about  20  miles  long. 

Shippegan,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  70  miles 
N.E.  of  Chatham,  and  70  miles  E.  of  Bathurst.  It  has  a 
fine  harbor,  with  good  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels, 
and  contains  several  stores.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  500. 

Ship'pen,  a  township  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1824. 
Shippen  Station  is  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadel 
phia  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

Shippen,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.     Pop.  270. 

Ship'penport,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  Lake 
H^atcong,  and  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad. 

Ship'pensbnrg,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  in  a  small  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Cumber- 
land Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Carlisle,  and  11^ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  contains  7  churches, 
the  Cumberland  Valley  State  Normal  School,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  iron-foundries 
with  machine-shops.  Pop.  m  1880,  2213;  in  1890,  2183; 
of  the  township,  excluding  the  borough,  744. 

Ship'pensport^  a  station  in  Venango  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Parker. 

Ship'pensville,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in 
Elk  township,  on  the  Emlenton  A  Shippensville  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Edenburg,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oil 
City.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Ship'pingport,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio,  2  miles  below  Louisville.  It  is  within  the  limits  of 
Louisville. 

Shippingport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  below  Pittsburg.  It  is 
partly  supported  by  the  coal-business,  and  has  a  steam 
grist-mill  and  about  20  houses. 

Shipp's  Landing,  post-office,  Humphrey  oo.,  Tenn. 

Ship'stou-on-Stour,  a  town  of  England,  in  a  part 
of  the  CO.  of  Worcester  enclosed  by  Warwickshire,  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Worcester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1800. 

Ship'ton,  a  township  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles 
N.N.W.  of  York,  on  the  York  A  Newcastle  Railway.  It 
has  a  grammar-school. 

Ship'ton,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Nicolet,  3  miles  from  Danville.  It  contains  saw- 
mills, grist-mills,  and  a  slate-quarry.     Pop.  250. 

Ship  Yard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.C,  on  th» 


SHI 


2458 


SHO 


Pasquotank  River,  4  miles  (by  land)  from  Elizabeth  City. 
It  has  a  store, 

Shiraz,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Shbbbaz. 

Shir6,  shee'ri,  or  Shi'ra,  a  river  of  Africa,  issues  from 
the  S.  end  of  Lake  Nyassa,  flows  S.  for  300  miles,  and  joins 
the  Zambezi  above  its  delta.  Its  lower  course  is  deep  and 
navigable,  but  swift;  and  above  the  head  of  navigation  it 
has  many  cataracts,  of  which  Murchison's  (or  Mamwira) 
Palls  are  the  most  noteworthy. 

Shiremanstown,  shTr'manz-t5wn,  a  post-village  of 
Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  in  Hampden  township,  on  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  coach-factories,  and  a  flour-mill.    P.  404. 

Shirinki,  or  Shirinky,  sheeMn'kee,  one  of  the  Eoo- 
ril  Islands,  S.W.  of  Paramoosheer,  in  lat.  60°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
154°  58'  B.     It  is  a  conspicuous  rock,  25  miles  in  circuit. 

Shir'Iand)  a  post-hamlet  in  Shirland  township,  Win- 
nebago CO.,  111.,  on  Pecatonica  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Union  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Beloit,  and  about  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  559. 

Shirland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Oakdale  Station.     It  has  a  store  and  3  dwellings. 

Shir'ley,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Shirley,  a  post- village  in  Dale  township,  McLean  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bloomington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  163. 

Shirley,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa. 

Shirley,  a  hamlet  in  Shirley  township.  Cloud  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Republican  River,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Concordia. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  912. 

Shirley,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.     It  exports  lumber.     Pop.  206. 

Shirley,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about 
8  miles  B.  of  Fitchburg,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nashua 
River,  and  intersected  by  the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  Pop. 
1352.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Shirley  and  a  larger 
place  called  Shirley  Village. 

Shirley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North  Col- 
lins township,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  Friends' 
meetings,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Shirley,  a  station  of  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  is 
at  Shirleysburg,  Pa. 

Shirley,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1633. 

Shirley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  13  miles 
N.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Shirley  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  oo.,  Me.,  in 
Shirley  township. 

Shirleysburg,  shir'liz-biirg,  a  post-borough  in  Shirley 
township,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  Aughwick  Creek,  and  on 
the  Bast  Broad  Top  Railroad,  6^  miles  S.  of  Mount  Union. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  329.     Iron  ore  is  found  near  this  place. 

Shirley  Village,  a  post-village  in  Shirley  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.S.B.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  sheetings,  paper,  and  leather  board. 

Shirtz'ville,  a  post-office  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va. 

Shirvan,  written  also  Shirwan,  Schirwan,  or 
Chirvan,  shirV&n'  or  sheerVin',  a  former  province  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  between  lat.  40°  and  41° 
N.  and  Ion.  48°  and  49°  30'  E.,  having  B.  the  Caspian  Sea 
and  the  province  of  Bakoo,  S.  the  river  Koor,  and  N.  the 
Caucasus.  A  range  of  high  mountains  traverses  the  region 
from  N.W.  to  S.B.,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Koor  and 
the  Terek. 

Shir'wa,  a  lake  of  Africa,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Nyassa,  with  no  outlet.  Elevation,  1400  feet.  It  is  60 
miles  long,  and  over  20  miles  wide,  with  brackish  water 
and  swampy  shores. 

Shisdra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Zhizdra. 

ShisheAvan,  shee^sh§h-w4n',  a  village  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Goroomeeyah.  In 
1838  an  uncle  of  the  Shah  resided  here,  in  a  palace  built 
in  the  European  style.  He  founded  an  experimental  farm, 
a  glass-foundry,  a  pottery,  a  wax-factory,  silk-,  cotton-, 
and  worsted-looms,  and  workshops  upon  European  models. 

Shi-Tsien,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shee-Tsien. 

Shiv'elton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  about  42 
miles  N.AV.  of  Kansas  City.     It  is  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Shiz.     See  Xiz. 

Shkiperi,  European  Turkey.     See  Albania. 

Shoa,  Schoa,  or  Xoa,  sho'i,  written  also  Shwa,  the 
most  S.  of  the  three  principal  states  of  Abyssinia,  lies  chiefly 
between  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  or  Blue  Nile,  and  the  river 
Hawash.     Lat.  8°  30'-10°  or  11°  N. :  Ion.  38°-40°  30'  B. 


The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  some  parts  from  8000 
to  9000  feet  above  the  -sea,  but  it  comprises  many  rich  val- 
leys and  undulating  plains,  and  the  tributary  Galla  terri- 
tories, on  the  frontiers,  are  exuberantly  fertile.  Cattle,  corn, 
coffee,  cotton,  dye-woods,  drugs,  wild  indigo,  sulphur,  nitre, 
alum,  coal,  and  several  metals  are  among  the  chief  prod- 
ucts. Some  of  these,  and  gold-dust,  ivory,  hides,  civet,  and 
other  merchandise  from  Central  Africa,  cotton  cloths,  blank- 
ets, baskets,  mats,  peltry,  leather,  and  parchment  manufac- 
tured in  Shoa,  and  slaves  from  the  interior,  are  sent  to 
Zeyla,  Berbera,  and  other  ports  on  the  Red  Sea  and  Gulf 
of  Aden  in  return  for  European  and  other  manufactured 
goods  and  foreign  produce.  The  principal  towns  are  An- 
kober  (the  capital),  Angolalla,  and  Tegulet. 

Shoal,  shol,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2475. 

Shoal  (shol)  Basin,  a  circular  bay  of  North  Australia, 
near  Shoal  Bay,  a  little  farther  up  Apsley  Strait. 

Shoal  Bay,  of  East  Australia,  lat.  29°  25'  S.,  Ion.  153° 
20'  B.,  is  about  midway  between  Moreton  Bay  and  Port 
Macquarie,  and  receives  Clarence  River  at  its  W.  extremity. 

Shoal  Bay,  of  North  Australia,  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Apsley  Strait,  between  Melville  and  Bathurst  Islands.  Lat, 
11°  48'  S.;  Ion.  130°  43'  B. 

Shoal  (shol)  Bay,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Ferryland,  Newfoundland,  15  miles  from  St.  John's.  Cop- 
per ore  is  found  here.     Pop.  103. 

Shoal  Bay,  a  settlement  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
62  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Shoal  Creek,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  its  East  and  West 
Forks,  which  rise  in  Montgomery  co.,  run  southward,  and 
unite  in  Bond  co.,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Greenville.  It 
flows  southward  through  Clinton  co.,  and  enters  the  Kas- 
kaskia  River. 

Shoal  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  eastward,  intersects  Cald- 
well CO.,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  Livingston  co.,  4  or  5 
miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.     It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Shoal  Creek  rises  in  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tennes- 
see River  about  10  miles  above  Florence. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ark. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.     P.  1686. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  township  of  Newton  co..  Mo.     P.  763, 

Shoal  Creek,  township,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.     P.  1332. 

Shoal  Creek  Station,  Illinois.    See  Breese. 

Shoal  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Athens. 

Shoalhaven,  shol-hi'v^n,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales, 
rises  about  lat.  36°  S.,  Ion.  149°  50'  E.,  flows  N.  and  E., 
separating  the  co.  of  St.  Vincent  from  the  cos.  of  Murray, 
Argyle,  and  Camden,  and  enters  the  Pacific  by  a  large 
mouth,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney,  An  active  trade  is  carried 
on  on  this  river. 

Shoal  Ness,  a  headland  of  Alaska,  lat.  69°  N.,  Ion. 
162°  W. 

Shoal  Point,  a  post-office  of  Galveston  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Galveston  Bay,  4  miles  from  Highland  Station. 

Shoal  River,  Florida,  runs  southwestward  through 
Walton  CO.,  and  enters  the  Yellow  River  about  16  miles 
above  Milton. 

Shoals,  sholz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Martin  co., 
Ind.,  in  Halbert  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  White 
River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles 
E.  of  Vincennes,  and  23  miles  W.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  flour-mill,  a  spoke-factory,  a  blast-furnace,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Shoals'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Shoal  Creek,  5  miles  S.  of  Joplin,  and  about  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Carthage.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shoals  of  Ogeechee,  o-ghee'chee,  a  hamlet  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Ogeechee  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Warrenton.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shoal 'water  Bay,  Washington,  is  in  Pacific  co.,  and 
is  about  30  miles  long  measured  on  a  line  drawn  N.  and  S- 
It  communicates  with  the  ocean  by  an  entrance  about  6 
miles  wide  between  Toke  Point  and  Leadbetter  Point. 
Many  oysters  are  procured  in  this  bay,  which  is  rather 
shallow,  but  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  harbors  between 
San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound. 

Shobonier,  shob^-neer',  or  Shabonier,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Fayette  co..  111.,  in  Kaskaskia  township,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Vandalia.     P.  143. 

Shoc'co,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1637. 

Shockey's  Prairie,  sh5k'iz  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  from  Blossom  Prairie.  It  has  2 
I  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 


SHO 


2459 


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Shockeysville,  shSk'iz-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fred- 
erick CO.,  Va.,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Martinsbnrg,  W.  Va. 

Shock'leV)  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Kansas. 

Shockoe  (shdk'o)  Church,  a  post-office  of  Pittsyl- 
vania CO.,  Va. 

Shock's,  a  station  in  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Shock's,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
^\  Ivania  Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Shoeburyness,  shoo'b^r-e-ness,  a  cape  of  England,  in 
Ks!^ex,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Thames  estuary,  opposite 
Sheerness,  3  miles  E.  of  Southend.  Here  is  a  village,  with 
barracks,  a  gunnery-school,  and  buildings  connected  with 
the  ranges  for  artillery  target-practice  and  for  testing  steel 
plates  designed  for  naval  and  military  uses. 

Shoe  (shoo)  Cove,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Tilt 
Cove.     Pop.  230. 

Shoe  Heel,  a  post-village  in  Shoe  Heel  township, 
Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  89 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  hotels,  a  foundry, 
and  2  turpentine-distilleries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1661. 

Shoemaker,  shoo'ma-k^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.. 
Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Shoemaker's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Andover. 

Shoemakersville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Reading.  Ppp. 
500. 

Shoemakertown,  now  Ogontz,  a  post-village  in 
Cheltenham  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Beth- 
lehem Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  10 
miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
an  academy,  a  church,  and  manufactories  of  carriages  and 
of  edge-tools.     Its  station  and  post-office  name  is  Ogontz. 

ShoenersTille,  sha'n^rz-vil  or  sh5n'§rz-vil,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in  Hanover  township,  2  miles 
from  Catasauqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Shogre,  or  Shogher,  sho'gh^r,  a  town  of  North  Syria, 
on  the  Orontes,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antioch. 

Shoho'la,  a  post-village  in  Shohola  township.  Pike 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3 
stores.  A  suspension-bridge  crosses  the  river  here,  and 
connects  Shohola  with  Barryville.     Pop.  of  township,  729. 

Sho'kan,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Ulster  oo., 
N.T.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  tfcc. 

Shoko'kon,  a  village  of  Honey  Creek  township,  Hen- 
derson CO.,  111.     Pop.  79. 

ShoMaghnr',  or  Sholagher,  sho-la-giir',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Dacca  district.  Lat.  23°  33'  20''  N. ;  Ion.  90°  20' 
E.     Pop.  6525. 

Sholapoor,  town  and  district  of  India.  See  Solapoor. 

Shomaspur,  sho^mis-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Ti- 
perah.     Lat.  23°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  4'  E.     Pop.  3010. 

Shomer,  a  province  of  Arabia.     See  Jebel. 

Shona,  sho'ni,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
coast,  CO.  of  Inverness.     Lat.  56°  49'  N. 

Sho'neytown,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co..  Mo. 

Shon^galoo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  parish.  La.,  50 
miles  S.  of  Hope,  Ark.     It  has  a  church. 

Shon'gelo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  oo..  Miss.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  flour-  and  rice-mills,  and  a  cotton- 
gin. 

Shongo,  shong'go,  a  post-hamlet  in  Willing  township, 
Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  about  56  miles 
W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church. 

Shoobootee,  or  Shoobata,  Miss.    See  Shubuta. 

Shoo  Fly,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Shoojuabad,  shoo^joo-a-bid',  or  Shujabad,  shoo^- 
ja-bid',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  4  miles  from  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Chenaub,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Mooltan.  It  stands  in  a 
fine  fertile  plain,  watered  by  canals,  and  is  enclosed  by  a 
brick  wall  30  feet  in  height.  It  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
tons and  turned  wares  of  superior  quality,  with  excellent 
gardens,  yielding  sugar-cane,  cotton,  grain,  and  indigo. 

Shookotskoi,  Behring's  Strait.     See  East  Cape. 

Shool'bred,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  oo.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Restigouche,  29  miles  from  Campbellton.  P.  176. 

Shoomla,  Schumla,  Shumla,  or  Chonmla, 
shoom'li,  sometimes  written  Shumna,  a  fortified  city  of 
Bulgaria,  58  miles  S.S.W.  of  Silistria.  Lat.  43°  15'  N.; 
Ion.  near  27°  E.     Pop    23,093.     It  stands  in  a  gorge  on 


the  N.  declivity  of  the  Balkan.  On  three  sides  it  is  enclosed 
by  mountains,  and  is  encircled  by  ramparts  and  a  doubts 
fosse,  strengthened  by  a  citadel  and  strong  redoubts  on  an 
adjacent  height.  It  is  intersected  by  a  rivulet,  and  divided 
into  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  the  former  containing 
numerous  mosques  and  barracks.  It  is  the  residence  of  a 
Greek  archbishop,  and  has  manufactures  of  tin-  and  copper- 
wares,  clothes,  silk  goods,  and  leather. 

Shoo'ree,  or  Shuri,  shoo'ree,  a  fortified  town,  capital 
of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Great  Loo- 
Choo,  and  near  the  port  called  Napa. 

Shoosha,  Shonsha,  or  Shusha,  shoo'shi,  written 
also  Shooshi  or  Schnschi,  shoo'shee,  and  Chonche, 
a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  government  and  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Yelisavetpol,  and  180  miles  S.E.  of  Tiflis.  It 
was  founded  under  the  name  of  Penah-abad  by  Nftdir 
Shah,  in  a  very  strong  position.     Pop.  30,000. 

Shooshooa,  or  Shushuah,  shoo'shoo-&,  an  island  of 
the  Red  Sea,  near  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  in 
Arabia,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Moilah. 

Shooster,  Shuster,  or  Schuster,  shoos't§r,  written 
also  Chousteror  Schouster,  a  city  of  Persia,  in  Khoo- 
zistan,  on  the  Karoon,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dezfool.  Lat. 
32°  N. ;  Ion.  49°  E.  Pop.  8000.  It  stands  on  a  small  hill 
crowned  by  a  citadel,  and  on  the  land  side  it  is  enclosed  by 
a  brick  wall,  outside  of  which  the  Ab-i-Gargar  Canal,  con- 
structed by  Shahpoor  I.,  separates  it  from  its  suburb.  Its 
houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  and  the  city  possesses  many 
elegant  buildings. 

Shoo'ter's  Hill,  England,  co.  of  Kent,  parish  of  Elt- 
ham,  li  miles  S.E.  of  Woolwich,  rises  to  446  feet  in  height, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  heights  near  London. 

Shoot'ing  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Clay  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  423. 

Shoot'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  a  church. 

Shooya,  Shuya,  Schuja,  or  Chouia,  shoo'yi,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Tesa,  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Viazniki.  Pop.  21,432.  It  has  linen-  and 
cotton-weaving  and  print-works,  soap-factories,  and  various 
other  factories. 

Shopiere,  sho^pe-air',  a  post-village  in  Turtle  town- 
ship, Rock  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Turtle  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago  k 
Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Beloit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
graded  school,  Ac. 

Shop  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  oo.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Shop'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
E.  of  Somerset.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Shore'ditch,  a  quarter  of  the  British  metropolis,  im- 
mediately N.  of  the  city  of  London,  and  included  in  the 
borough  of  Hackney.     Pop.  127,164. 

Shoreham,  shSr'am,  or  New  Shoreham,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  in  Sussex,  on  the  South  Coast  Railway,  6 
miles  W.  of  Brighton.  Pop.  3678.  The  town  is  irregularly 
built;  the  principal  buildings  are  the  market-house,  a  fine 
church,  and  a  suspension-bridge  over  the  Adur.  The  har- 
bor is  encumbered  by  a  bar  with  from  14  to  17  feet  of  water, 
but  Shoreham  still  continues  to  carry  on  an  important  trade, 
it  being  a  warehousing  port.  Shoreham  has  ship-building 
and  a  fishery,  and  extensive  works  for  cement.  The  bor- 
ough returns  two  members  to  Parliament. 

Shoreham,  shSr'am,  a  post-village  in  Shoreham  town- 
ship, Addison  co.,  Vt.,  3  miles  N.  of  the  Addison  Branch 
of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of 
Rutland,  and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Middlebury.  It  contains  an 
academy,  3  churches,  and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Chnmplain.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1240. 

Short  Beach,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Darling's  Lake. 

Short  Creek,  of  Ohio,  falls  into  the  Ohio  River  in 
JeflFerson  co. 

Short  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Kjr. 

Short  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Harrison  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  Pop.  1799. 
It  contains  Georgetown  and  Harrisville.  Short  Creek  Post- 
Office  is  at  Georgetown. 

Short  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Portland,  0. 

Shor'ter's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Ala., 
is  near  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad, 

23  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Short'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  about 

24  miles  S.  of  Eufaula.     It  has  2  churches. 

Short  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  in  Epsom  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H..  on  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  and  oi 


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Suncook  River,  9i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  10 
miles  E.  of  Concord. 

Short  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Orange. 

Short  liine,  a  post-offioe  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  Mar- 
tin's Station,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  York. 

Short  Monntain,  a  post- hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 

15  miles  N.  of  McMinnville.     Pop.  44. 
Shorts'ville,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township, 

Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Canandaigua  Outlet  and  the  Au- 
burn Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  16i  miles 
N.  W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  church,  2  paper- 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  grain-drills. 

Shortsville,  a  hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  in  Chatham 
township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Niles  Valley  Railroad  Station. 
Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Chatham  Valley  Post-OflBce. 

Short  Tract,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Dansville.  Here  is  a  street  about  2  miles 
long,  with  scattered  houses. 

Shoshone,  sho-sho-nee',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Idaho,  has  an  area  of  about  4400  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  Fork  of  Clearwater  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  same. 
These  forks  unite  on  the  W.  border  of  the  county.  It  is 
also  drained  by  the  St.  Joseph  River  and  Oro  Fino  Creek, 
and  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains, 
which  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  cedar,  and  other 
trees.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  branches  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Murray.  Pop.  in  1870, 
722;  in  1880,  469;  in  1890,  5382. 

Shoshone  (or  Shoshonee)  Falls,  a  grand  cataract 
of  the  Snake  River,  in  Idaho,  near  lat.  42"  35'  N.,  Ion. 
114°  5'  W.  Here  the  river  runs  in  a  long  deep  canon  be- 
tween vertical  volcanic  rooks,  and  is  said  to  be  about  250 
yards  wide.  The  height  of  the  cataract  is  nearly  200  feet. 
"  At  the  point  where  the  falls  are  located,"  says  J.  Ross 
Browne,  "  the  oafion  is  nearly  a  mile  wide.  Viewed  from 
below,  it  appears  circular,  like  a  vast  amphitheatre,  with  the 
falls  in  the  centre.  The  diflPerent  layers  of  lava  resemble 
seats  in  tiers  ranged  one  above  another  to  a  height  of  700 
feet  above  the  head  of  the  falls.  In  the  narrowest  part  the 
water  is  200  or  300  yards  wide.  About  400  yards  above 
the  main  falls  are  five  islands,  dividing  the  stream  into  six 
parts.  Below  the  islands  the  water  unites  and  passes  in  an 
unbroken  sheet  over  the  great  fall ;  the  descent  is  about 
200  feet.  The  semicircle  at  the  head  of  the  falls  is  appar- 
ently perfect,  and  the  leap  as  clear  as  that  of  Niagara." 
Below  the  cataract  the  river  runs  in  a  caSon  about  1000 
feet  deep,     Shoshone  is  the  Indian  name  of  this  river. 

Shoshone  Lake,  the  source  of  Shoshone  Creek,  one 
of  the  head-streams  of  the  Snake  River,  Montana,  in  a 
basin  full  of  geysers  and  other  thermal  and  sulphur  springs. 
Elevation,  7870  feet;  length,  12  miles;  breadth,  8  miles. 
The  outline  is  very  irregular,  and  the  water  clear. 

Shot'Iey- Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Durham, 
on  the  Derwent,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Shotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  about 

16  miles  E.  of  Fulton,  Miss.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 
Shot'well,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  about  64 

miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Shoun's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Shoup's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Shoosetown,  or  Shonstown,  shSwss'tSwn,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  1 6  miles  by  rail  below  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shousha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Shoosha. 

Shovel  (shuv'^l)  Mount,  post-office,  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

Showy,  sho'ee,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Shari,  23  miles 
S.E.  of  Lake  Chad.     Lat.  12°  45'  N.;  Ion.  15°  58'  E. 

Shreve,  shreev,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township, 
Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  908  ;  in  1890,  1012. 

Shreveport,  shreev'port,  a  city  of  Louisiana,  the  capi- 
tal of  Caddo  parish,  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  Red  River,  and 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  20  miles  below  the 
Great  Raft,  and  on  the  E.  shore  of  Soda  Lake,  about  44 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Jefferson,  Tex.  Steamboats  ply  regularly 
between  this  city  and  New  Orleans.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 11  churches,  3  banking-houses,  several  steam  mills, 
2  machine-shops,  gas-works,  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
eotton-seed  oil,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cattle  and  cotton  are  the  chief  arti- 
cles of  export.  About  40,000  bales  of  cotton  are  received 
here  annually.     Pop.  in  1880,  8009;  in  1890,  11,979. 


Shrewsbury,  shrSi'b^r-e  or  shrooz'b^r-e  (ano.  Vrioo'- 
m'um),  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Salop,  nearly 
enclosed  by  the  Severn,  at  the  junction  of  many  railways, 

38  miles  S.  of  Chester.  Pop.  26,478.  It  has  many  good 
residences,  fine  churches,  a  large  town  hall,  county  haU,  mar- 
ket-houses, county  jail,  military  depot,  infirmary,  theatre, 
grammar-school,  hospital  and  other  well-endowed  charities, 
music  hall,  literary  and  philosophical  society,  mechanics' 
institution,  public  library,  assembly-rooms,  manufactures 
of  linen  thread,  canvas,  iron-wares,  brawn,  and  cakes,  a 
salmon-fishery  in  the  river,  and  a  trade  in  coal  and  corn 
by  canal  and  by  the  Severn.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  In  the  time  of  Alfred,  Shrewsbury 
ranked  as  one  of  the  chief  cities  of  England.  In  1403  the 
famous  battle  which  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Hotspur  and 
the  Earl  of  Douglas,  his  ally,  by  Henry  IV.,  was  fought  in 
its  vicinity.     It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see. 

Shrewsbury,  shrooz'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Shrews- 
bury township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  6  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Worcester,  and  36  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  tin-ware, 
&e.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Quinsigamond 
Lake,  4  miles  long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1524. 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  and  Cen- 
tral Railroads,  about  30  miles  by  water  or  41  by  rail  S.  of 
New  York  City,  and  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It 
is  on  or  near  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  called  Shrewsbury  River. 
It  contains  2  churches,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  car- 
riage-factory, and  many  fine  residences.  Pop.  about  800. 
Besides  Shrewsbury,  the  township  contains  the  larger  vil- 
lage of  Red  Bank,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1880,  6526 ;  in  1890,  8357. 

Shrewsbury,  township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  442. 

Shrewsbury,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.     P.  209. 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  1  mile  E.  of  Shrewsbury  Station  of  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  which  station  is  18  miles  S.  of 
York.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  tannery, 
and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  600.  The  township  contains  also 
the  village  of  Glen  Rock.     Total  pop.  3559. 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  and  1 
mile  E.  of  the  Rutland  division  of  the  Vermont  Central 
Railroad.     It  has  2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1235. 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va.,  1 
mile  from  Coalburg  Railroad  Station. 

Shrewsbury  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Monmouth 
00.,  N.  J.,  is  the  continuation  of  Sandy  Hook  Bay,  separated 
from  Neversink  River  by  a  narrow  neck. 

Shrig'ley,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  23  milei 
from  Collingwood.     Pop.  180. 

Shropshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Salop. 

Shrub  Oak,  apost-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  0 
miles  from  Peekskill,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  New  York 
It  has  2  churches. 

Shrnle,  shrool,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb. 

Shtab,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Sistova. 

Shtshigry,  or  Schtschigry,  sh-chig'ree,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Eoorsk,  on  a 
river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  4946. 

Sha^benac'adie,  a  principal  river  of  Nova  Scotia, 
which  peninsula  it  nearly  divides  into  two  portions  ;  after 
a  N.  course  it  enters  a  bay  45  miles  N.  of  Halifax,  with 
which  city  and  its  harbor  it  is  connected  by  a  canal  30 
miles  in  length. 

Shubenacadie,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Shubenacadie  River,  20  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  38  miles  from  Halifax. 
It  has  brick-fields,  a  tannery,  pail-factory,  saw-mill,  2  hotels, 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Shubuta,  shoo-boo'ta,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Chickasawha  River  and  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad, 

39  miles  S.  of  Meridian,  and  96  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  4  churches.  About  7000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped 
here  annually.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Shuey's  (shoo'jz)  Mills,  or  Shueytown,  shoo'e- 
tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  6  miles  S.  of  Monroe. 

Shueyville,  shoo'e-vil,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson 
township,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Iowa  River.  It  has  a  church 
and  25  dwellings. 

Shuffield,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1270. 

Shu'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C, 
about  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Asheville. 

Shugshut,  shoog'shoot,  written  also  Shughut,  or 
Shngheud,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Sakareeyah.  80 
miles  S.E.  of  Izneek.     Pop.  7000. 


SIIU 


2461 


SIA 


Shuhri-Bababeg)  shoo'ree-bi-bl-bJg',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  and  95  miles  W.  of  Eerman. 

Shujabad,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Shoojuabad, 

Shnlls'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  Shullsburg  township, 
Lafayette  co.,  AVis.,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Madison,  and 
24  miles  E.  bj  N.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  oharches,  a  bank- 
ing-hoase,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  a  grist- 
mill, and  2  smelting-fumaces.  Lead  is  mined  in  this  town- 
ship.    Pop.  in  1890, 1393;  of  the  township,  2270. 

ShnlPs  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  oo.,  N.C. 

Shnlongh,  shoo'Io,  a  post-office  of  Walker  oo.,  Ala. 

Shumagin  (shoo'm&-gheen)  Islands,  a  group  of  Alas- 
ka, S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska.  They  are  much  visited 
by  fishermen. 

Shnmalari,  shiim^a-l&'ree,  written  also  Chamalari, 
Choumalarie,  and  Tchamoulari,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal peaks  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  between  Thibet  and 
Bootan.  Lat.  28*  4'  N.;  Ion.  90°  E.  Elevation,  27,200 
feet. 

Shu'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Penola  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Slinmla,  or  Shumna,  Bulgaria.    See  Sboohla. 

Slinin'la,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pom- 
fret  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Laona  Station. 

Shnm^shabad',  or  Shamsabad,  shiim^8&-b&d',  a 
town  of  India,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Furruckabad.     Pop.  8710. 

Shum'way,  a  post-village  in  Banner  township,  Effing- 
ham CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Altamont.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  150. 

Shu'na,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebrides  Islands,  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Craigneish. 

Shn'nem,  an  ancient  town  of  Palestine,  S.  of  Nain. 

Shunk,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fox  township,  Sullivan  co.. 
Pa.,  about  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shnn-King,  or  Chnn-Khing,  shtln-king',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Yang- 
tse-Kiang,  115  miles  E.  of  Ching-Too-Foo. 

Shnn-Ning,  or  Chun-Ning,  shiin-ning',  a  city  of 
China,  province  and  170  miles  W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Shnn'pike,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Newbnrg. 

Shun-Te,  or  Chun-Te,  shun-tA',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  220  miles  S.S.W.  of  Peking. 

Shup'eyon',  or  Shapeyan,  shiip-i-yin',  a  town  of 
Cashmere,  6550  feet  above  the  sea,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Se- 
rinagur.  Lat.  33°  42'  N.;  Ion.  74°  45'  E.  Pop.  2353. 
Shupeyon  district,  of  850  square  miles,  has  a  pop.  of  54,522. 

Shuqnalak,  shoo'kwa-lSk\  a  post-village  of  Noxubee 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Macon,  and  53  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Meridian.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  760. 

Shnrnkhs,  shooVooKs',  a  fort  and  Toorkoman  settle- 
ment of  Asia,  on  the  frontier  between  Persia  and  Khiva,  90 
miles  S.W.  of  Merv,  and  E.N.E.  of  Meshed.  Its  vicinity 
is  well  watered,  and  produces  fine  crops  of  wheat,  melons, 
and  other  fruits. 

Shus,  or  Shnshan,  Persia.     See  Soos. 

Shnsha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Shoosha. 

Shn'shan,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Salem  township,  on  Batten  Kill  River,  and  on  the  Rens- 
Belaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and 
7  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  <fco. 

Shnshgao,  Afghanistan.    See  Shasgo. 

Shnster,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Shooster. 

Shutal  (shooH&r,  Shntul,  shooHiir,  or  Shatool, 
sh&Hool')  Pass,  across  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  between  Cabool 
and  Khoondooz,  is  in  lat.  35°  33'  N.,  Ion.  69°  8'  E.  Eleva- 
tion, 15,500  feet. 

Shntesbnry,  shoots'b^r-e,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shutesbury 
township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  North 
Amherst  Station,  and  about  17  miles  N.E.  of  Northampton. 
The  township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  558. 

Shnt'ter's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of  Schoharie.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Shnya,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shoot  a. 

Shwa,  a  state  in  Abyssinia.     See  Shoa. 

ShAvat,  Schwat,  or  Chonat,  shw&t,  a  town  of  Asia, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Khiva,  inhabited  by  Oozbeks. 

Shway-  (or  Shwe-)  Donng,  shw&-d5wng',  a  town 
of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Irawaddy,  district  and  18  miles 
S.  of  Prome.     Pop.  12,411. 

Shway-gyeen,  or  Shwegyeen,shwa-g'yeen',  a  dis- 
trict of  British  Burmah,  in  Tenasserim.  Area,  5567  square 
miles.     Pop.  129,485. 


Shway-gyeen,  or  Shwegyeen,  a  town  of  British 
Burmah,  capital  of  Shway-gyeen  district,  on  the  Setang 
River,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rangoon.     Pop.  6957. 

Siah-Koh,  see'a-kS'  (the  "black  mountain"),  in  Af- 
ghanistan, bounds  the  plain  of  Jelalabad  on  the  N.  Lat. 
34°  25'  N.;  Ion.  70°  E. 

Siak,  or  Siakh,  se-&k',  a  state  of  Sumatra,  extending 
along  its  N.E.  coast,  opposite  Malacca  and  Singapore,  and 
with  a  town  of  the  same  name  on  the  river  Siak,  45  miles 
from  its  mouth,  in  lat.  0°  25'  N.,  Ion.  101°  65'  E.  Surface 
flat.  Exports,  gold,  camphor,  gambler,  rattans,  tobacco, 
wax,  sago,  ivory,  and  silk  stuff's ;  imports,  opium,  salt,  wool- 
lens, and  Madras  piece-goods. 

Siak  River,  Sumatra,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the  Strait 
of  Malacca  behind  some  islands  nearly  opposite  the  British 
settlement  of  Malacca. 

Sialkowice,  villages  of  Prussia.    See  Schialkowitz. 

Siam,  si-am'  or  se-am'  (native,  Thai,  t'hi;  Burmese, 
Too'dra),  a  kingdom  of  S.E.  Asia,  occupying  the  central 
portion  of  the  Indo-China  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
the  parallel  of  20°  22'  (as  fixed  by  the  Anglo-Siamese 
Boundary  Commission  of  1890-91),  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Siam 
and  the  kingdom  of  Cambodia,  W.  by  Burmah,  and  E. 
(since  1893)  by  the  Mekong  River,  which  separates  it  from 
French  Indo-China.  Length,  N.  to  S.,  1200  miles ;  breadth, 
400  miles.  Capital,  Bangkok.  Pop.  estimated  at  5,750,000. 
On  the  W.,  Siam  proper  is  separated  from  the  Tenasserim 
coast  by  mountain-chains,  and  on  the  other  sides  it  is  bor- 
dered by  the  Cambodian  provinces  of  Moung  Batabong  and 
Moung  Siamdrap.  Siam  comprises  a  part  of  the  old  king- 
dom of  Cambodia  and  a  part  of  the  isthmus  connecting  the 
Malay  peninsula  with  the  Asiatic  continent,  besides  the  N. 
and  middle  portion  of  the  peninsula  called  Lower  Siam, 
the  straits  of  which  are  tributary  to  Siam,  and  where  it  en- 
closes the  British  province  of  Wellesley.  The  Menam  River 
traverses  its  centre  from  N.  to  S.,  and  by  annual  inunda- 
tions renders  the  great  plain  extremely  fertile.  The  other 
principal  river  is  the  Meklong,  which  joins  the  Menam 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  The  Bien-Hoa  Lake  is 
on  the  S.E.  boundary.  The  climate  is  salubrious  in  the 
mountainous  districts,  but  the  plains  and  forests  are  the 
seat  of  malignant  fevers.  The  chief  products  are  rice, 
sugar,  pepper,  tobacco,  cocoa-nuts,  sago,  tropical  fruits, 
teak-,  sandal-,  sapan-,  rose-,  and  other  woods,  coff"ee,  cotton, 
gum  dammar  and  gum  lac,  and  rattans.  Copper  is  the 
chief  mineral  product;  but  there  are  gold-mines  at  Moung 
Kabin,  and  lead,  antimony,  zinc,  iron,  and  gems  are  also 
found.  The  elephant,  rhinoceros,  tiger,  buffalo,  leopard, 
bears,  serpents,  and  crocodiles  abound,  and  the  rivers  are 
rich  in  fish.  The  Siamese,  or  Thai,  are  of  the  Mongolian 
family,  and  of  a  mild  and  humane  disposition.  Booddhism 
is  the  state  religion.  The  French  Jesuits  founded  missions 
in  1658,  and  have  a  seminary  and  other  schools  in  the  capi- 
tal, where  also  American  Protestant  missionaries  print  and 
circulate  the  Bible  in  the  Siamese  and  Chinese  languages. 
Most  of  the  manufactures  and  handicrafts  in  the  towns  are 
carried  on  by  Chinese  or  Annamese  settlers.  The  trade  of 
Siam,  Laos,  and  Cambodia  is  mostly  in  the  hands  of  the 
Chinese,  and  almost  the  entire  foreign  trade  of  Siam  centres 
at  Bangkok.  In  the  mercantile  marine,  junks  have  been 
superseded  by  square-rigged  vessels,  of  which  in  1867 
more  than  100  bore  the  Siamese  flag.  Printing  from  types, 
unknown  till  1835,  is  now  carried  on,  and  troops  are  trained 
in  the  European  manner.  The  government  is  an  absolute 
monarchy.  The  Siamese  dominions  are  divided  into  41 
provinces,  bearing  the  name  of  their  chief  towns,  each 
presided  over  by  a  phraya,  or  governor.  There  is  no  stand- 
ing army,  but  every  male  is  liable  to  serve  for  a  portion  of 
the  year.  There  are  1 0  fully-equipped  war-steamers.  The 
first  connection  between  this  state  and  Britain  took  place 
in  1685,  when  the  Siamese  envoys  to  Louis  XIV.  of  France 
visited  London  and  concluded  a  treaty  with  Charles  II. ;  but 
little  intercourse  took  place  till  1859,  when  Sir  John  Bow- 
ring  effected  an  agreement  by  which  the  crown  of  Siam  con- 
sented to  the  appointment  of  a  British  consul  at  Bangkok 
and  granted  entire  liberty  of  trade  to  British  merchants  in 

all  the  maritime  districts  of  the  empire. Adj.  and  inhab 

Siamese,  sl^a-meez'.    See  also  Gulf  of  Siah. 
Siam,  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     See  Buchanak. 
Si'am,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  Ohio,  is  at  Detroit. 
Siamo,  se-i'mo,  Siao,  or  Sianw,  8e-&'o,  an  island 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Celebes  and  Sangir.     Circuit,  about  35  miles.     Lat.  2°  25' 
N. ;  Ion.  126°  27'  E.     Its  surface  is  elevated,  and  it  con- 
tains a  volcano.    The  island  is  fertile,  but  uncultivated  by 
its  indolent  inhabitants,  and  yields  only  cocoa-nuts  and 
oil.     Pen.  3000 


SIA 


2462 


SIC 


Siaa,  a  city  of  China.     See  See-Ngan. 

Siang-Yang,  se-ing'-y&ng',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  Han-Kiang.  Lat.  about  32°  N. ;  Ion. 
112°  E.  SiANG  is  the  name  of  several  Chinese  towns  of  in- 
ferior rank. 

Siano,  se-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3011. 

Sianti,  Africa.     See  Ashantee. 

Siard)  a  state  of  Brazil.     See  CEARiC. 

Sias,  se-4s',  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  St.  Pe- 
tersburg, enters  Lake  Ladoga  on  its  S.  side,  after  a  N.N.W. 
course  of  100  miles. 

Si^ascon'sett,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Nan- 
tucket CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island,  and 
7  miles  S.E.  of  the  village  of  Nantucket. 

SiauW)  Malay  Archipelago. .  See  Siamo. 

Siawsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sievsk. 

Sib,  seeb,  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and  22  miles  W. 
of  Mascat,  on  the  Arabian  Sea. 

Sibari,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Coscile. 

Siberia,  si-bee're-a,  called  also  Sibiri,  se-bee'ree  (Fr. 
Sibirie,  see^bi^ree' ;  Ger.  Sihirien,  se-bee're-^n),  a  country 
comprising  the  N.  part  of  Asia,  extending  from  the  Ural 
Mountains  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  Behring  Strait,  between 
lat.  42°  and  77°  N.  and  Ion.  50°  E.  and  171°  W.,  and  having 
S.  the  Chinese  Empire  and  Toorkistan,  and  N.  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  which  it  comprises  the  islands  of  New  Siberia  or 
Liaghof.  It  belongs  to  Russia,  and  includes  all  Asiatic 
Russia,  except  the  Toorkistan  or  the  Central  Asiatic  prov- 
inces, Transcaucasia,  and  the  Transcaspian  territory.  Area, 
4,826,287  square  miles ;  length,  5000  miles ;  breadth,  2620 
miles.  Pop.  (1883)  4,093,535.  Climate  excessive;-  cold 
of  winter  extreme,  and  summer  heat  very  high.  Mean 
temperature  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Yana,  4.39°  Fahr.; 
mercury  freezes  and  remains  solid  for  two  months  in  win- 
ter. Surface  in  the  S.  elevated  by  the  Altai  chain,  covered 
with  forests,  and  interspersed  with  many  fertile  valleys ; 
but  by  far  the  greater  portion  of  Siberia  is  flat  and  sterile. 
Of  Eastern  Siberia  little  was  known  till  recently.  Russian 
explorations  have  shown  that  the  supposed  elevated  chain 
of  the  Yablonoi  Mountains  has  little  claim  to  distinct  recog- 
nition, and  that  their  place  is  to  a  great  extent  occupied  by 
an  undulating  plateau.  There  are  many  gulfs  and  bays  on 
the  N.  shores ;  but,  as  they  are  frozen  for  nine  months  in  the 
year,  they  are  hardly  fit  for  navigation.  The  larger  rivers 
are  serviceable  in  steam  navigation,  and  the  country  is 
traversed  by  telegraphs.  In  the  W.  are  extensive  steppes, 
inhabited  by  Ccssaok  tribes  or  roving  Kirgheez,  and  all  the 
N.  portion  is  a  vast  desert,  peopled  by  Ostiaks,  Yakoots, 
Chookchees,  and  other  tribes  in  the  lowest  state  of  barbarism. 
The  Obi,  Yenisei,  and  Lena  Rivers,  with  their  large  and 
numerous  tributaries,  and  the  Olenek,  Indighirka,  and 
Kolyma,  traverse  the  country  in  a  N.  direction,  and  enter 
the  Arctic  Ocean ;  the  Ural  River  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  European  and  Asiatic  Russia ;  and  the  Jaxartes 
or  Syr-Darya,  flowing  W.  to  the  Sea  of  Aral,  separates  it 
from  Independent  Toorkistan.  The  principal  lakes  are 
those  of  Baikal,  Chany,  and  Soomy,  with  the  Balkash  or 
Lake  Tengheez,  which  forms  a  part  of  its  S.  boundary.  In 
the  more  populous  districts  grain  sufficient  for  the  popula- 
tion is  grown, — chiefly  barley,  oats,  and  buckwheat.  Cattle 
are  numerous  in  some  parts,  and  in  the  N.  abound  reindeer, 
sables,  foxes,  martens,  oeavers,  and  white  bears,  the  skins 
of  which  compose  important  articles  of  trade.  The  dog  is 
used  to  draw  the  sledge  ;  the  roebuck  and  the  elk  inhabit 
the  S.  Camels  are  used  by  the  Kalmucks ;  the  sheep  and 
horses  are  of  good  breeds.  Swans,  geese,  ducks,  and  par- 
tridges are  common  in  the  S.,  and  fish  abound  on  the 
coasts  and  in  the  lakes  and  rivers.  Siberia  is,  however, 
chiefly  valuable  to  Russia  on  account  of  its  minerals.  The 
government  has  a  monopoly  of  the  gold-washings.  Anti- 
mony, cobalt,  mercury,  and  zinc  are  also  met  with ;  iron 
and  copper  are  plentiful  on  the  S.  frontier,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk.  Manufactures  are  insignificant,  except  in 
Irkootsk,  Tobolsk,  and  some  of  the  provincial  capitals.  Si- 
beria consists  of  the  governments  of  Amoor,  Irkootsk,  Pri- 
morsk,  Tobolsk,  Tomsk,  Transbaikalia,  Yakootsk,  and  Yen- 
iseisk. The  country  is  colonized  to  a  large  extent  by  exiles, 
and  partly  by  voluntary  emigrants.  The  exiles,  who  com- 
prise criminals,  and  political  and  religious  ofi"enders,  are 
collected  at  Moscow  from  all  parts  of  the  empire,  and  sent 
oflf  in  weekly  convoys,  to  the  number  of  about  10,000  per 
annum,  one-fifth  of  whom  die  in  ten  years  from  fatigue  of 
the  journey  and  change  of  climate.  Arrived  in  Siberia,  they 
are  divided  into  three  classes  :  1st,  those  destined  to  forced 
labor  in  the  mines ;  2d,  public  laborers  (to  be  afterwards 
established  as  colonists) ;  3d.  those  destined  for  immediate 


colonization,  under  the  police.  They  observe  the  rites  of 
the  Greek  church.  Among  the  aboriginal  population  in  the 
W.  of  Siberia,  from  the  Northern  Ural  to  the  rivers  Irtish 
and  Tobol,  Shamanism,  more  or  less  mixed  with  impure 
Christianity,  prevails.  Between  the  Obi  and  the  Yenisei, 
in  the  governments  of  Tobolsk  and  Yeniseisk,  Shamanism 
prevails  in  the  N.,  among  the  Samoieds,  and  the  Chris- 
tianity of  the  Greek  church  in  the  S.,  among  the  Ostiaks. 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  Siberia,  from  the  Yenisei  to  Kam- 
chatka, and  from  the  Arctic  Ocean  to  the  Chinese  empire, 
Booddhism,  Paganism,  and  Christianity  prevail.  The  S.W. 
of  Siberia  falls  within  the  limits  of  the  great  Turkish 
branch  of  the  human  family,  and  the  prevalent  form  of 
religion  is  Mohammedanism.  Siberia  has  few  educational 
establishments.  Chief  cities,  Tobolsk  and  Irkootsk,  re 
spectively  the  W.  and   E.  capitals,  with   Omsk,   Tomsk, 

Krasnoyarsk,  Yakootsk,  and  Kiakhta.     See  Russia. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Siberian,  sT-bee're-an. 

Sibidullu,  se-be-doo-loo',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in 
the  Mandingo  country,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bammakoo. 

Sibilla,  Monte  della,  mon'ti  ddl'li  se-beel'li,  one  of 
the  chief  summits  of  the  Apennines,  in  Central  Italy,  neaj 
the  E.  boundary  of  Umbria,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Spoleto 
Height,  7409  feet. 

Sib'ley,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  588  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  little  lakes,  and  forests  of 
deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Henderson.  Pop.  in  1870,  6726;  in  1875, 
8884;  in  1880,  10,637;  in  1890,  15,199. 

Sibley,  a  post-office  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga. 

Sibley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osceola  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Sioux  City  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  74  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sioux  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking-houses,  2 
churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sibley,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  758.  It 
contains  Lake  Sibley,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Sibley,  a  station  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Gal- 
veston Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Lawrence,  Kansas. 

Sibley,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Peter.     Pop.  417. 

Sibl«y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  24  miles  by  land  E.N.E. 
of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Sib'leyville,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mendon 
township,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Sibnibas,  sib^ne-b&s'  (Hindoo,  Sivanivata),  a  town  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Bengal,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Calcutta,  with  ruins  of  a  palace  and  several  pagodas. 

Sibuyan,  see-boo-y8,n',  an  island  of  the  Philippines,  40 
miles  N.  of  Panny.  Lat.  12°  14'  N.;  Ion.  122*  45'  E. 
Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Sicasica,  se^k&-see'k&,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
and  57  miles  S.  of  La  Paz.     Elevation,  12,430  feet. 

Si- Chan,  a  mountain  of  China.     See  See-Shan. 

Sichem,  see^sh6N»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Bra« 
bant,  on  the  Demer,  3  miles  W.  of  Diest.     Pop.  2288. 

Sichem,  an  ancient  name  of  Nabloos. 

Sichevka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sitchevka. 

Sicignano,  se-cheen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Salerno,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  2.397. 

Sicilies,  The  Two.     See  Naples  and  Sicily. 

Sicily,  sis'il-e  (It.  Sicilia,  se-ohee'le-4 ;  Fr.  Sidle,  see^ 
seel' ;  Sp.  Sicilia,  se-thee'le-i ;  Ger.  Sieilien,  sit-see'le-§n ; 
Dutch,  SiciliS,  se-see'le-i;  anc.  Trina'oria,  Sica'nia,  and 
Sicil'ia),  the  largest  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  forming, 
with  many  neighboring  isles,  a  compartimento  of  the  king- 
dom of  Italy,  lat.  36°  38'  to  38°  18'  N.,  Ion.  12°  25'  to 
15°  40'  E.,  separated  on  the  N.E.  from  the  Italian  main- 
land by  the  Strait  of  Messina,  and  forming,  previous  to 
1860,  the  Dominii  al-di-ld  di  Faro,  or  the  territory  "  be- 
yond the  strait,"  of  the  former  kingdom  of  the  "  Two  Sici- 
lies." In  shape  it  is  triangular;  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  185 
miles;  breadth,  120  miles.  Pop.  2,584,099.  Its  old  di- 
visions (dating  from  Norman  times)  into  Val  Demone,  Val 
di  Noto,  and  Val  di  Mazzara  have  been  obsolete  since  1818, 
when  it  was  subdivided  into  provinces.  The  7  provinces  are 
those  of  Caltanisetta,  Catania,  Girgenti,  Messina,  Palermo, 
Syracuse,  and  Trapani.  The  Neptunian  and  Madonian 
Mountains,  now  known  as  the  Pelorio  chain,  stretching 
from  E.  to  W.  through  the  N.  part  of  the  island,  consist  of 
granite,  quartz,  and  mica,  flanked,  as  in  the  Apennines,  by 
limestone  and  other  calcareous  formations ;  they  rise  to 
several  thousand  feet  above  the  sea,  are  highest  on  th« 


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Borthern  and  eastern  shores,  and  cover  a  great  part  of  the 
surface  with  their  ramifications.  In  some  parts  are  moun- 
tains isolated  from  the  rest,  the  chief  of  which  is  the  vol- 
cano of  Mount  Etna,  near  the  E.  coast,  10,840  feet  above 
the  sea.  The  principal  plains  border  the  sea,  and  are  those 
of  Catania  and  Syracuse  in  the  E.,  Terranova  in  the  S., 
Palermo  (called  the  "golden  shell")  and  Castel-a-Mare  on 
the  northern  coast,  and  Alicata.  Rivers  all  small,  and  not 
navigable;  the  chief  are  the  Fiume  Grande,  on  the  N. ;  the 
Giaretta,  Cantara,  and  Anapo,  on  the  E. ;  the  Salso,  Pla- 
tani,  and  Belici,  flowing  to  the  S.  coast.  The  chief  lakes  are 
Biveri  or  Lentini,  near  the  E.  coast ;  the  pool  of  Enna,  in  the 
centre  of  the  island ;  and  the  Lago  dei  Palici,  in  the  S.E., 
of  volcanic  formation.  Soil  everywhere  of  high  fertility; 
in  some  places  it  consists  of  a  rich  loam  from  20  to  30  feet 
deep.  Climate  one  of  the  most  delightful  in  Europe,  gen- 
erally salubrious,  except  in  some  of  the  lowlands.  Sum- 
mer heats  are  oppressive  during  the  prevalence  of  the 
sirocco,  which  is  felt  most  at  Palermo.  Snow  is  never  seen, 
«xcept  on  Etna  and  the  highest  points  of  the  Madonian 
Mountains ;  and  the  cold  of  winter  is  never  so  severe  as  to 
affect  the  verdure  of  the  country ;  hail-storms  are  frequent, 
but  rain  is  deficient,  except  in  November.  The  most  prev- 
alent winds  are  from  the  N.  and  W.  The  papyrus,  sugar- 
cane, date-palm,  and  other  tropical  products  ripen  at  a 
height  of  600  feet ;  evergreens  flourish  at  2000  feet ;  oak 
and  chestnut  woods  cover  the  mountain-sides  to  the  height 
of  4000  feet,  wheat  thrives  at  4500  feet,  and  beech  woods 
prevail  to  6000  feet  in  elevation.  Under  the  Romans,  the 
islajid  of  Sicily  was  considered  the  granary  of  Italy,  and  it 
still  yields  grain  in  abundance;  but  there  are  few  countries 
in  which  agriculture  is  so  unscientifically  conducted,  and 
the  plough  is  a  ruder  instrument  now  than  that  of  Virgil's 
time.  There  are  no  proper  roads  in  the  island.  The  In- 
dian fig,  a  species  of  cactus,  grows  wild  in  profusion.  Lands 
chiefly  belong  to  the  nobility,  the  clergy,  or  the  crown. 
Wheat  and  barley  are  exported  in  small  quantities.  Other 
chief  crops  are  beans,  pulse,  maize,  rice,  olive  oil,  of  which 
the  annual  crop  is  estimated  at  15,000  tons,  wine,  oranges, 
lemons,  citrons,  almonds,  and  other  fruits,  potatoes,  to- 
bacco, flax,  hemp,  sumach,  liquorice,  manna,  carob,  hazel- 
nuts, and  mulberry.  About  80,000  acres  are  planted  with 
fruit  trees,  which  form  a  great  source  of  wealth  to  the 
island.  Silk  is  produced  chiefly  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
island,  and  woven  at  Catania.  Cotton  forms  an  important 
branch  of  agricultural  industry.  Pastoral  industry  re- 
ceives little  attention,  and,  except  a  few  merino  sheep  and 
good  mules,  all  kinds  of  live-stock  are  very  inferior.  The 
sulphur-beds  of  Sicily  are  of  great  value ;  they  extend  in 
the  centre  and  the  S.  over  an  area  of  2600  square  miles,  in 
which  about  150  mines  are  wrought,  which  yield  above 
150,000  tons  annually.  Alum,  nitre,  rock  salt,  which  con- 
stitutes the  wealth  of  Trapani,  petroleum,  alabaster,  agates, 
chalcedonies  and  jaspers,  amber,  bitumen,  gypsum,  and 
marble  are  valuable  mineral  products.  Ores  of  copper, 
lead,  iron,  silver,  antimony,  and  mercury  are  found  in  the 
mountains ;  but  few  mines  are  wrought  there,  and  nearly 
a.11  metallic  goods  are  imported.  Medicinal  and  sulphure- 
ous springs  are  very  numerous.  The  tunny-,  swordfish-, 
and  anchovy-fisheries  are  important.  The  coral-fishery  on 
the  African  coast  is  frequented  by  many  fishermen  from 
Trapani,  where  the  coral  procured  is  polished.  The  manu- 
facture of  silk  was  introduced  into  the  island  from  Greece 
in  1147.  Nearly  500,000  pounds  of  raw  silk  are  yearly 
produced.  At  Trapani  are  cotton-factories  wrought  by 
eteam ;  other  manufactures  are  unimportant.  The  harbors 
are  Palermo  on  the  N.,  Trapani  on  the  W.,  Messina, 
Agosta,  and  Syracuse  on  the  E.  Trade  is  chiefly  carried 
on  with  Britain,  France,  the  Baltic,  Belgium,  Germany, 
Italy,  and  America.  Chief  exports,  sulphur,  olive  oil, 
oranges  and  lemons,  saffron,  wine  and  spirits,  sumach, 
eilks,  corn,  barilla,  essences,  salted  fish,  linseed,  manna, 
rags,  and  skins ;  imports,  sugar  and  other  colonial  produce, 
cotton  and  other  manufactured  goods,  hides,  iron,  deals, 
and  wax.  Messina,  Palermo,  Trapani,  and  Catania  are  the 
chief  seats  of  commerce.  Each  town  had  its  judicial  court; 
superior  courts  were  held  in  Palermo,  Messina,  and  Ca- 
tania ;  and  a  supreme  court  sits  in  Palermo,  the  capital. 
Except  about  58,000  inhabitants  of  Greek  descent,  mostly 
near  Palermo,  and  several  thousand  Jews,  the  inhabit- 
ants are  all  Roman  Catholics,  and  many  of  the  Greeks 
are  also  Roman  Catholics  of  the  Greek  rite.  This  island 
was  in  ancient  times  the  seat  of  many  flourishing  Greek 
colonies,  of  which  Syracuse  and  Agrigentum  were  the  most 
famous,  and  boasts  of  some  of  the  most  magnificent  remains 
of  ancient  art  in  the  world.  It  fell  successively  under  the 
Carthaginians,  Romans,  Goths,  Greek  emperors,  Saracens, 


Normans,  French,  Swabians,  Austrians,  and  Spaniards.  It 
was  annexed  to  Naples  in  1736.  In  1847,  1848,  and  1849, 
unsuccessful  attempts  were  made  to  shake  ofiT  the  Neapoli- 
tan government.  Messina  was  bombarded  and  taken  by 
the  Neapolitan  troops,  September  7,  1848,  and  Catania, 
April  6,  1849.  The  Sicilians  again  rose  in  insurrection  in 
1860,  and,  with  Garibaldi  at  their  head,  defeated  the  Nea- 
politans at  Calatafimi,  Palermo,  and  Milazzo.  He  then,  at 
Naples,  annexed  the  two  Sicilies  fo  the  new  kingdom  of 

Italy  under  Victor  Emanuel.     See  Naples. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Sicilian,  se-sil'yun  (It.  Siciliano,  se-che-le-i'no). 

Sicily,  sis'il-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Beatrice.     It  has  a  church  and  a  broom -factory. 

Sicily,  a  post-ofilce  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  near  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Eastern  Railroad,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Sicily  Island,  a  post-ofQce  of  Catahoula  parish,  La., 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Natchez.  Here  is  an  island  which 
is  16  miles  long  and  is  enclosed  by  several  rivers,  Tensas, 
Ouachita,  Ac. 

Sicinos  Island,  the  ancient  name  of  Sikixo. 

Sick'ler  Mill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Thayer  co..  Neb. 

Sick'lerville,  a  post- village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Winslow  township,  on  the  Williamstown  Railroad,  3  miles 
from  Williamstown,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  glass-ware. 

Siculiana,  see-kool-yi'nl,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Girgenti.  Pop.  5665.  Near  it  are  extensive 
sulphur-mines. 

Sicyon,  sis'e-gn,  a  city  of  ancient  Greece,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  one  of  the  earliest-founded  kingdoms  in  Europe,  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Corinth. 

Sidas,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Seedas. 

Siddeburen,  sid'd^h-booV^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  13  miles  E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  1335. 

Side'ling  Hill,  Pennsylvania,  a  inountain-ridge,  ex- 
tending from  the  Maryland  line  across  Bedford  co.  into 
Huntingdon  co.,  as  far  as  the  Juniata  River,  nearly  parallel 
to  Cove  or  Tuscarora  Mountain. 

Sideling  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Hancock,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

Sideling  Hill  Creek  rises  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  and 
passes  through  Maryland  into  the  Potomac  River. 

Sid'ell's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  111. 

Sideusio,  see'd^n-s'yo^  a  town  of  Sweden,  40  miles  N. 
of  Hernosand. 

Siderno,  se-d5R'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
di  Calabria,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  3418. 

Siders,  see'dftRS  (Fr.  Sierre,  se-aiR'),  a  village  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Sion.     Pop.  1692. 

Side  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky., 
about  5  miles  W.  of  Mount  Sterling. 

Sidhpoor,  sid^poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Baroda,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Puttun.     Pop.  13,534. 

Sidi  Abdallah,  see'dee^  &b-d&l'I&,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mogadore. 

Sidi-Bel-Abb^s,  see'dee-bdl-ib^b&s',  a  town  of  Al- 
geria, province  and  50  miles  S.  of  Gran.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 15,000. 

Sidi  Boo-Soorme,  or  Sidi  Bu-Surme,  see'dee^ 
boo-sooR'm^,  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the  coast,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mogadore. 

Sidi  Feruch,  see'dee^  f§h-riish',  a  cape  and  bay  of 
Algeria,  and  where  the  French  army  disembarked,  June  14, 
1830.     Here  is  a  citadel. 

Sidi  Ibrahim,  see'dee^  ee^br&^heem',  a  town  of  Al- 
geria, province  and  120  miles  S.S.E.  of  Algiers. 

Sidi  Khaled,  see'dee^  K&M6d',  a  town  of  the  Algerian 
Sahara,  39  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Biskara. 

Sidi  Shehr,  see'dee^  shin'r,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  47 
miles  S.W.  of  Konieh. 

Sid'law,  Seed'law,  or  Sud'low  Hills,  a  moun- 
tain-range of  Scotland,  extending  from  Kinnoul  Hill,  near 
Perth,  N.E.  to  near  Forfar,  where  they  fork  into  two  lines, 
proceeding  to  the  sea,  eastward  to  Redhead,  and  northeast- 
ward to  Stonehaven.  The  most  remarkable  summit  is  the 
celebrated  Dunsinnan  or  Dunsinane. 

Sidmouth,  sid'milth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Sid,  at  its  mouth  in  the  British  Channel,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  of  parish,  3360.  It  is  pic- 
turesque and  greatly  resorted  to  by  visitors. 

Sia'ney,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Guntersville. 

Sidney,  a  station  in  Mobile  cot,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 

Sidney,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark. 


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Sidney^  a  post-village  in  Sidney  township,  Champaign 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Danville,  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Champaign  City.  It  has  a  high  school,  3 
churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  480;  of  township,  1560. 

Sidney^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Sidney  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Nebraska  City, 
and  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 4  chorohes,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  a 
graded  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  839 ;  of  the  township,  3051. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  West  Nishnabatona 
River. 

Sidney^  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Sidney^  a  post-township  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about  6 
miles  N.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Kennebec 
River.  Two  ferries  across  the  river  connect  Sidney  with 
Vassalborough  and  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches.  Pop.  1471.  Sidney,  a  post-hamlet  in 
this  township,  is  on  the  Kennebec  River,  9  or  10  miles 
above  Augusta. 

Sidney^  a  post-township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  about 
32  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  contains  part  of  Stan- 
ton, the  capital  of  the  county,  and  a  hamlet  named  Sidney. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Sidney^  a  hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  about  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Missouri,  Kan- 
sas &  Texas  Railroad.     It  is  3  miles  from  Hassard  Station. 

Sidney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cheyenne  co..  Neb., 
on  Lodge  Pole  Creek,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  102 
miles  B.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  and  219  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Kearney  Junction.  It  contains  a  large  hotel,  a  round- 
house and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Here  is  a  military  post.     Pop.  about  1 200. 

Sidney^ apost-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., N.J., about  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Trenton. 

Sidney^  a  post-hamlet  in  Sidney  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  N.T.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Unadilla, 
and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Delhi.  It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  <k  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Sidney 
Plains. 

Sidney,  Delaware  co.,  N.T.    See  Sidney  Plains. 

Sidney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.O.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Whiteville.     It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Sidney,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co., 
0.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  31  miles  S. 
of  Lima,  and  on  the  Dayton  &,  Michigan  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &,  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Piqua,  and  40  miles  N.  of 
Dayton.  Its  site  is  an  elevated  plateau  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river,  which  here  affords  water-power.  It  contains  an 
opera-house,  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  a  public  hall,  a  public  library,  a  union  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2  flouring-mills,  2  machine- 
shops,  a  tannery,  and  manufactories  of  carriages,  ploughs, 
reapers  and  mowers,  sash  and  doors,  and  hubs  and  spokes. 
It  has  also  gas-works,  water-works,  and  a  public  park. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3823  ;  in  1890,  4850. 

Sidney,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in 
Cranberry  township,  about  5  miles  from  Oil  City. 

Sidney,  Augusta  co.,  Va.    See  Mount  Sidnbt. 

Sidney,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Antiqonish. 

Sidney  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sidney  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &,  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.B.  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  a  high  iron  bridge  1400  feet  long. 

Sidney  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Sidney  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  <k  Oswego  Midland  Railroad  (Sidney  Station) 
where  it  crosses  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  39 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton,  103  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany, 
and  124  miles  N.W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  3  churches, 
several  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a 
paper-mill,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Sidon,  the  ancient  name  of  Saida. 

Si'don,  a  post- village  of  Leflore  co..  Miss.,  on  the  nav- 
igable Yazoo  River,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Sid'onsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  about  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Siebenbiirgen,  see'ben-bilRG^^n  (the  "seven  bor- 
oughs"), the  German  name  of  Transylvania. 

Siebengebirge,  see'b^n-gh^h-bSgno^^h  (the  "seven 
mountains"),  a  collection  of  heights  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Cologne,  and  N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  right 
>ank  of  the  Rhine,  and  of  which  the  Drachenfels  is  one. 
The  LBwenberg,  the  highest,  rises  1560  feet  above  the  sea. 


Siebenlehn,  see'b^n-lain^  a  town  of  Saxony,  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Nossen.    Pop.  1925. 

Siebiez,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sebesh. 

Siechanowice,  a  town  of  Poland.   See  Ciechanowiec. 

Siedlec,seed'15ts,  Sied'lets,  or  Siedlce,  se-Wl'tsi, 
a  town  of  Poland,  capital  of  a  province,  65  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  10,013.  It  has  a  palace,  and 
manufactures  of  sugar  and  farm-tools. 

Siedlec,  written  also  Siediets,  Ssjedletz,  and 
Siedlce  (formerly  Podlachia),  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia in  Poland,  having  the  river  Bug  on  the  E.  and  N.E. 
Area,  5536  square  miles.     Capital,  Siedlec.     Pop.  604,606. 

Sieg,  seeG  (anc.  Si'gns),  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and 
Westphalia,  rises  10  miles  N.E.  of  Siegen,  flows  W.,  and 
joins  the  Rhine  2  miles  N.  of  Bonn.     Length,  80  miles. 

Siegberg,  seeg'bSRO,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Sieg.     Pop.  6668. 

Siegen,  see'gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  38 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.  Pop.  12,901.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  leather,  iron  and  steel  wares,  woollens  and 
cottons. 

Siegfried,  seeg'freed,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
of  Easton.     Here  is  the  village  of  Seigfried's  Bridge. 

Sieghards,  or  Siegharts,  seeg'hants,  a  town  of 
Austria,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Krems.     Pop.  2490. 

Sieglahr,  seeg'lir,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Cologne,  near  the  Sieg.     Pop.  1340. 

Siegle's  (see'gh^lz)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co., 
N.C.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Sieland,  the  German  name  of  Seeland. 

Siena,  8e-&'n&,  or  Sienna,  8e-£n'n&  (anc.  Se'na,  or 
Se'na  Ju'lia),  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  1260  feet  abov» 
the  sea,  between  two  affluents  of  the  Ombrone,  31  miles  S.E. 
of  Florence.  Lat.  43°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  ll*  10'  E.  Pop.  22,966. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls  with  gates,  several  of  which  are  of 
striking  architecture.  Without  external  grandeur,  Siena 
has  a  thriving  appearance,  a  remarkable  cathedral  of  the 
twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  a  city  hall,  and  a  cele- 
brated academy  of  the  fine  arts ;  all  these  edifices  are  richly 
adorned  with  paintings.  Siena  has  also  a  university,  a 
school  of  medicine,  a  hospital,  public  libraries  and  literary 
associations,  manufactories  of  woollens,  silks,  straw  hats, 
paper,  and  leather,  and  an  active  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and 
paper.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  In  the  Middle  Ages  the 
city  was  the  capital  of  a  powerful  republic,  and  it  is  said 
to  have  had  100,000  inhabitants.  It  is  connected  by  rail- 
way with  Florence  and  Leghorn. Adj.  and  inhab.  Sien- 

NESB,  se^Qn-eez'  (It.  Sienbse,  se-&-n&'s&). 

Siena,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  mountainous  itt 
the  N.B.,  but  in  part  very  fertile,  though  a  portion  is  in 
the  Maremma.  Area,  1465  square  miles.  Grain,  wine,  oil, 
wood,  and  live-stock  are  leading  products.  Capital,  Siena. 
Pop.  206,446. 

Sieniawa,  se-&-ne-&'^9,,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  the  San.     It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  2363. 

Sienkullah,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Sain-Kaleh. 

Sienne,  se-£nn',  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Manohe, 
enters  the  English  Channel  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coutances, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  40  miles. 

Sienno,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Senno. 

Sieoo-Kio-Shan,  or  Sieon-Kio-Chan,  se-&-oo  - 
kee'o-sh&n,  a  very  high  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Se- 
Chuen.  Lat.  30»  23'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  44'  E.  It  is  covered 
with  perpetual  snow. 

Siep  Springs,  Texas.    See  Sipb  Spbings. 

Sieradz,  or  Sierads,  s'yi'rids,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov- 
ernment and  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Warta.  Pop. 
6589.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Sierning,  secR'ning,  a  town  of  Austria,  6  miles  W.  of 
Steyer.     Pop.  1731. 

Sieipec,  s'yfiR'pits,  or  Sserpez,  s'yiR'pfizh,  a  town 
of  Poland,  21  miles  N.  of  Plock,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  6629. 

Sierra,  se-4R'R&,  a  Spanish  word,  originally  signifying 
a  "  saw,"  applied  to  a  "  mountain-ridge,"  which,  from  its 
notched  appearance  when  viewed  from  a  distance,  not  un- 
frequently  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  a  saw. 

Sierra,  se-5r'rft,  a  northeastern  county  of  California, 
borders  on  Nevada.  Area,  about  900  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Middle  Fork  of  Yuba  River,  and 
is  drained  by  the  North  Yuba  River  and  by  Kanaka  and 
other  creeks.  It  comprises  a  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Mountains.  The  surface  is  also  diversified  by  isolated 
peaks,  called  Downieville  Buttes,  which  rise  to  the  height 
of  8800  feet,  and  by  narrow  canons  and  ravines  of  immense 
depth.  Forests  of  fir,  cedar,  yellow  or  pitch  pine  {Pinu» 
ponderoaa),  and  other  coniferous  trees,  cover  a  large  part 


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2465 


SIE 


of  its  surface.  Among  ite  minerals  are  gold,  copper,  silver, 
Auriferous  slate,  quartz,  basalt,  and  rooks  of  volcanic  origin. 
Gold  is  the  chief  article  of  export ;  and  this  county,  says 
Cronise,  may,  for  its  size,  justly  claim  to  be  the  leading 
county  in  California  both  as  regards  placer-  and  vein- 
mining.  Capita],  Downieville.  Pop.  in  1860,  11,387 ;  in 
1870,  5619;  in  1880,  6623;  in  1890,  5051. 

Sierra*  a  county  of  S.W.  New  Mexico,  with  an  area 
of  3116  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande 
del  Norte  and  by  a  line  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa 
F6  Railroad.     Capital,  Hillsborough.     Pop.  in  1890,  3630. 

Sierra  Acarai,  se-dR'R&  &-k&-ri',  a  mountain-range 
of  South  America,  between  the  equator  and  lat.  2°  N.  and 
Ion.  57°  and  59°  W.     Estimated  height,  3000  or  4000  feet. 

Sierra  Acha,  se-Sn'Ri  i'chi,  the  name  given  to  a  por- 
tion of  the  Sierra  Madre,  a  little  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Sierra  Blanca,  se-8R'R&  blin'ki,  Colorado,  a  range 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  connected  with  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  range,  is  near  the  E.  side  of  San  Luis  Park.  It  has 
t,  trend  nearly  east  and  west,  and,  says  Hayden,  "  is  the 

frandest  and  most  picturesque  range  in  Southern  Colorado, 
t  is  apparently  basaltic,  and  is,  as  I  suppose,  a  gigantic 
dike."  Blanca  Peak,  the  highest  summit  of  this  group  or 
range,  has  an  altitude  of  14,464  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sierra  City,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  is  near 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  100  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  masonic  hall,  and  is  supported  by  mining  gold. 

Sierra  Conocon,  se-iR'Ra  ko-no-k6n'  (or  Conn- 
con,  ko-noo-k6n'),  a  mountain-range  of  British  Guiana, 
extending  for  30  miles  in  a  N.E.  direction  from  parallel  3° 
N.  Through  it  the  Rupununy  River  has  forced  a  passage 
about  390  feet  wide.  Its  peaks  in  many  places  rise  to  an 
abrupt  height  of  from  2000  to  2500  feet. 

Sierra  de  Caballo,  8e-dR'R&  d4  ki-sil'yo,  a  moun- 
tain-range in  the  S.  interior  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about 
33°  10'  N.,  Ion.  106°  40'  W. 

Sierra  de  Engarceran,  se-8R'R4  di  fin-gaR-th4- 
rin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  17  miles  N.  of  Castellon 
de  la  Plana. 

Sierra  de  Fuentes,  sc-Sr'rI  d4  fwSn't^s,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  7  miles  E.  of  Ca- 
ceres.     Pop.  1118. 

Sierra  de  Gata,  se-dR'R&  d4  g&'t&,  a  mountain-range 
of  Spain  and  Portugal,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Tagus 
and  Douro  Rivers,  and  the  old  Spanish  provinces  of  Estre- 
madura and  Leon. 

Sierra  de  Gavilan,  8e-fiR'R&  di  gl-ve-l&n',  a  moun- 
tain-range of  Cuba,  near  the  centre  of  the  island,  forming 
a  part  of  the  great  chain  by  which  the  island  is  intersected 
in  its  whole  length. 

Sierra  de  Grados,  8e-dR'R&  d&  gr&'Dooe,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Spain,  separating  Old  Castile  from  Estremadura, 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Avila,  and  rising  to  10,552  feet. 

Sierra  de  Guadalupe,  se-dR'R&  d4  gw&-D&-loo'p&,  a 
mountain-range  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  S.  of  Toledo,  at- 
tains the  height  of  5110  feet. 

Sierra  de  Guadalupe  (ano.  Carpeta'ni  Mon'tesf),  a 
range  of  mountains  of  Spain,  part  of  the  mountains  of  To- 
ledo, near  the  limits  of  the  provinces  of  Caceres,  Toledo, 
Ciudad  Real,  and  Badajos. 

Sierra  de  Gnadarama,  se-dR'Ri,  d&  gw9,-D&-r&'mi, 
a  chain  of  mountains  of  Spain,  part  of  the  Serra  da  Estrella, 
on  the  borders  of  the  provinces  of  Avila,  Segovia,  and 
Madrid.  The  Guadarama,  an  affluent  of  the  Tagus,  and 
the  Manzanares,  have  their  sources  in  this  chain. 

Sierra  de  la  Lanterna,  se-dR'R&  d&  1&  l&n-tdR'n&,  a 
mountain-range  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Mexico.  Lat.  about 
S6°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  112°  15'  W. 

Sierra  de  la  Platte,  se-iR'R&  d&  1&  platt,  a  moun- 
tain-range extending  through  the  E.  part  of  Utah,  in  lat. 
about  38°  5'  N.  and  from  Ion.  107°  30'  to  109°  10'  W. 

Sierra  de  la  Vinda,  se-£R'R&  Ak  1&  veen'd&,  the  W. 
Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  in  Peru,  between  Lima  and  the 
table-land  of  Pasco.  It  is  crossed  by  two  passes,  upwards 
of  15,000  feet  above  the  ocean. 

Sierra  del  Carrizo,  se-dR'R&  ddl  k&r-ree'so,  a  de- 
tached range  of  mountains  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  36° 
N.,  Ion.  111°  W. 

Sierra  de  los  Jumanes,  se-dn'Ri  d&  loce  Hoo-m&'- 
nSs,  a  portion  of  the  Sierra  Madre  range,  in  the  S.B.  part 
of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  33°  50'  N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  W. 

Sierra  de  los  Mimbres,  8e-AR'R&  d&  loce  meem'br£s 
(or  mim'bris),  a  portion  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  in  New  Mexico, 
W.  of  the  Rio  Grande,  between  31°  and  35°  N.  lat. 

Sierra  de  los  Organos,  se-dR'R&  d&  loce  oR'g&-noce, 
a  range  of  mountains  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Mexico,  in 
lat.  about  32°  6'  N.,  Ion.  106°  26'  W. 


Sierra  de  Moa,  Cuba.    See  Moa. 

Sierra  de  San  Jnan,  se-dR'R&  d&  s&n  Hoo-&n',  a 

mountain-range  extending  through  the  N.  part  of  New 
Mexico  and  the  S.E.  part  of  Utah,  from  lat.  about  36°  30' 
to  38°  30'  N.  and  from  Ion.  106°  45'  to  107°  30'  W.  Ita 
length,  following  the  curves,  is  about  150  miles. 

Sierra  de  Yegnas,  se-JR'Ri  d&  y&'gw&s,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  about  36  miles  from 
Malaga.     Pop.  2257. 

Sierra  Estrella.    See  Serra  da  Estrella. 

Sierra  Leone,  se-Sr'r%  le-o'nee  (Sp.  pron.  se-iR'R& 
l4-o'ni),  a  British  colony  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  bounded 
N.  by  the  French  colony  of  RiviSres  du  Sud,  S.  by  the 
republic  of  Liberia,  W.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  having 
undefined  limits  E.  towards  the  interior.  It  stretches  along 
the  coast  for  about  180  miles,  and  has  an  area  estimated  at 
4000  square  miles.  The  coast-line  is  indented  by  the  broad 
estuary  of  the  Sherbro,  and  by  Tawry  Bay  and  the  estuary 
of  the  Sierra  Leone  River.  On  a  peninsula  of  the  latter  name 
is  situated  Free  Town  (the  capital),  forming  the  proper 
nucleus  of  the  colony,  and  connected  with  the  mainland  by 
an  isthmus  about  \\  miles  broad.  Besides  the  peninsula 
and  mainland,  the  colony  includes  a  great  number  of 
islands.  The  surface  near  the  shore,  though  in  some  places 
rocky,  is  generally  flat,  and  the  interior  is  covered  with 
rugged  hills.  The  principal  rivers  have  courses  varying 
in  length  from  200  miles  to  300  miles. 

The  soil,  of  which  only  a  small  portion  is  under  culti- 
vation, is  very  fertile,  growing  excellent  crops  of  rice,  In- 
dian corn,  yams,  plantains,  pumpkins,  and  cassava ;  and 
sugar,  coffee,  indigo,  ginger,  and  cotton  thrive  well.  The 
principal  fruits  are  the  cocoa,  banana,  pine-apple,  orange, 
lime,  guava,  papaw,  and  pomegranate.  The  forests  are 
extensive,  and  many  of  the  trees  in  them  are  so  large  thar 
when  converted  into  canoes  they  are  capable  of  containing 
100  men.  The  principal  live-stock  are  pigs  and  goats 
Poultry  also,  particularly  guinea-fowls,  are  very  abundant 
The  fisheries,  both  on  the  coast  and  in  the  rivers,  are  pro- 
ductive. The  chief  industrial  establishments  are  the  fac- 
tories in  which  the  cocoa-nut  oil  is  extracted.  Boat-building 
is  carried  on  to  some  extent,  and  leather  is  dressed  on  a 
small  scale. 

The  trade  is  carried  on  chiefly  with  Great  Britain,  the 
principal  articles  of  import  being  India  goods,  cottons, 
spirits,  hardware,  Ac. ;  of  export,  palm  oil,  pepper,  oil-seed, 
rubber,  copal,  ginger,  ground-nuts,  hides,  ivory,  timber, 
beeswax,  &c.  Sierra  Leone  appears  to  have  been  discov- 
ered by  the  Portuguese  in  1463,  but  it  first  became  a  British 
colony  in  1787,  when  a  company  was  formed  with  the  in- 
tention of  making  it  a  home  for  free  negroes  and  proving 
by  their  means  that  colonial  products  could  be  raised  with- 
out slave-labor.  Its  affairs  are  administered  by  a  governor, 
and  a  council  of  several  more  members,  appointed  by  the 
crown  on  his  recommendation.  One  great  obstacle  to  its 
prosperity  is  the  deadly  nature  of  its  climate.  But  its 
progress,  though  slow,  has  been  steady.  Its  population 
(74,835  in  1891)  consists  chiefly  of  native  Africans,  many 
of  them  descendants  of  those  liberated  from  slave-ships. 

Sierra  Iieone  River,  an  estuary  of  Sierra  Leone, 
about  20  miles  in  length  and  from  3  to  10  miles  in  breadth, 
joins  the  Atlantic  immediately  N.  of  the  peninsula  of  Sierra 
Leone.  Its  principal  branch,  the  Rokelle,  rises  about  200 
miles  inland,  and  is  navigable  for  60  miles. 

Sierra  Madre,  se-Sn'Ri  mi'Dri,  one  of  the  principal 
mountain-chains  of  Mexico.  It  is  usually  considered  to 
commence  a  little  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  near  Quere- 
taro,  and  to  extend  northward  into  New  Mexico.  Near 
Guanajuato  it  divides  into  3  branches,  of  which  the  princi- 
pal or  central  chain,  called  the  Cordillera  of  Anahuao,  ex- 
tends from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  passing  Zaoatecas  towards  Durango, 
and  thence  nearly  due  N.  into  New  Mexico  j  the  eastern 
branch  passes  through  Cohahuila  into  Texas;  while  the 
western  range  extends  N.W.  through  Guadalajara  to  the 
river  Gila,  uniting  with  some  spurs  of  the  California 
Mountains.  Between  26°  and  32*  N.  lat.  there  is  a  de- 
pression which  is  considered  by  some  to  mark  the  division 
between  the  Sierra  Madre  and  Rooky  Mountains ;  the  name, 
however,  is  continued  through  New  Mexico.  This  exten- 
sive range  in  different  parts  is  known  by  different  local 
names,  as  Sierra  Aoha,  Sierra  Verde,  and  Sierra  de  los 
Mimbres.  Near  Guanajuato  this  mountain-range  contains 
some  of  the  richest  deposits  of  silver  found  in  the  world. 
Much  looseness  appears  to  prevail  with  regard  to  the  ap- 
plication of  the  name  Sierra  Madre,  some  considering  it  to 
include  the  principal  mountain-chain  through  the  entire 
republic  of  Mexico,  thus  including  the  highest  mountain- 
summits  of  North  America,  Popocatepetl,  Orizaba,  Ac.  Tb« 


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name,  however,  is  more  generally  restricted  to  the  limits 
particularly  indicated  in  the  first  part  of  this  article. 

Sierra  Madre,  or  Sierra  San  Juan,  se-dR'R&  s&n 
Hoo-Jn',  a  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  Colorado,  be- 
tween the  Arkansas  River  and  the  Rio  Grande.  It  is 
farther  west  than  the  main  range,  but  is  joined  by  the  lat- 
ter at  the  Poncho  Pass.  The  term  Sierra  Madre  is  also 
applied  to  the  Saguache  Range  (which  see). 

Sierra  Morena,  se-iR'R&  mo-r4'n3.,  a  mountain-range 
of  Spain,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Guadiana  from  that 
of  the  Guadalquivir,  in  lat.  38°  30'  N.  and  between  Ion. 
3°  and  4°  W.  The  culminating  point,  Aracena,  is  5500 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  crossed  by  2  principal  passes, 
from  Granada  and  Jaen  to  Madrid,  and  from  Guadix  to 
Villahermosa  and  Cuenca.  The  surface  is  bare  and  rugged. 
It  is  the  scene  of  many  incidents  in  "  Don  Quixote." 

Sierra  Morina,  se-fir'rS,  mo-ree'ni,  or  Brown 
Mountains,  of  California,  commence  about  10  miles  S. 
of  San  Francisco,  and  run  through  San  Francisco  co.  into 
Santa  Clara  co.  The  most  elevated  peaks  are  stated  to  be 
between  2000  and  3000  feet  high. 

Sierra  Nevada,  se-dR'R&  nk-vk'Di.,  a  Spanish  name 
eignifying  the  "snow-clad  mountain-ridge,  applied  to 
various  elevated  mountain-chains. 

Sierra  Nevada,  the  highest  mountain-range  in  the 
Spanish  Peninsula,  in  the  S.,  extending  through  the  old 
kingdom  of  Granada,  and  forming  part  of  the  great  water- 
ehed  which  separates  the  waters  flowing  to  the  Mediter- 
ranean from  those  flowing  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Culmi- 
nating points,  Mulahacen  or  Mulhacen,  11,658  feet  high 
(being  not  only  the  highest  mountain-summit  in  Spain,  but, 
after  the  Alps,  the  most  elevated  in  Europe),  and  Veleta, 
11,387  feet  above  the  sea,  separated  by  an  enormous  chasm, 
the  Corral  de  Veleta.  The  S.  base  of  this  range  is  clothed 
with  olive-  and  orange-groves  and  chestnut  woods.  Per- 
petual snow  commences  at  the  height  of  9500  feet. 

Sierra  Nevada  is  the  name  of  a  long  mountain-chain 
of  California,  nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  It  is  about  500  miles  long,  and  forms  the  E. 
boundary  of  the  Great  Central  Valley  of  California.  In 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Tejon  Pass,  which  is  in  about  35° 
N.  lat.,  the  ridges  of  the  Sierra  and  the  Coast  Ranges 
meet  or  become  continuous.  Among  the  highest  peaks  of 
the  Sierra  are  Mount  Whitney  (14,898  feet  high).  Mount 
Tyndall,  Mount  King,  Mount  Goddard,  Mount  Lyoll, 
Mount  Dana,  Castle  Peak,  Lassens  Peak,  and  Mount 
Shasta.  Some  of  these  are  extinct  volcanoes.  The  sides 
of  these  mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fir,  and 
other  evergreen  trees,  which  attain  an  enormous  size.  The 
famous  Mammoth  Trees  (Sequoia  gigantea)  are  found  at  an 
elevation  of  5000  to  7000  feet. 

Mount  Whitney  is  the  most  southern  of  the  summits 
mentioned  above,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  highest  peak  of 
California.  Many  of  the  summit?  of  the  Sierra  are  formed 
of  granite  flanked  with  metamorphic  slate.  Volcanic  rocks 
are  abundant  in  some  parts  of  the  chain.  Mr.  Gardner 
thus  delineates  the  features  of  the  scene  which  he  surveyed 
from  the  summit  of  Mount  Brewer :  "  Canons  from  two  to 
five  thousand  feet  deep,  between  thin  ridges  topped  with 
pinnacles  sharp  as  needles  j  successions  of  great  crater-like 
amphitheatres,  with  crowning  precipices  over-sweeping 
snow-fields  and  frozen  lakes ;  everywhere  naked  and  shat- 
tered granite,  without  a  sign  of  vegetation,  except  where  a 
few  gnarled  and  storm-beaten  pines  cling  to  the  rocks  in 
the  deeper  canons."  "  These  canons  and  precipices,"  says 
Prof.  Whitney,  "  which  lie  between  the  two  principal  ridges, 
constitute  the  main  diflSculty  in  reaching  and  exploring  the 
eastern  summit  peaks."  "  Mount  Whitney  is  the  culmi- 
nating point  of  an  immense  pile  of  granite  which  is  cut 
almost  to  the  centre  by  numerous  steep  and  often  almost 
vertical  canons,  ending  in  high-walled  amphitheatres. 
Southward  of  the  main  peak  there  is  a  range  of  sharp 
needles,  four  of  which  are  over  14,000  feet  high.  The 
general  aspect  of  the  group  is  much  like  that  of  Mount 
Tyndall.  This  mountain  has  been  approached  on  all  sides 
except  the  E.,  and  found  to  be  utterly  inaccessible."  (Prof. 
Whitney's  Report.)  Large  quantities  of  gold  imbedded  in 
quartz  are  found  in  many  parts  of  this  chain,  mostly  on  the 
western  slope  and  several  thousand  feet  below  the  highest 
crest.  Rich  silver-mines  have  been  opened  on  the  eastern 
side  of  the  Sierra.  Near  lat.  38°  N.  is  a  depression  in  the 
Sierra,  called  Mono  Pass,  the  summit  of  which  is  10,765 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Seven  miles  N.W.  of  Castle 
Peak  is  the  Sonora  Pass,  by  which  wagons  can  cross  the 
Sierra,  and  which  has  two  summits,  the  eastern  forming  the 
watershed  and  being  9607  feet  above  the  sea,  the  western 
10,115  feet  high.     In  Nevada  co.,  afew  miles  N.W.  of  Lake 


Tahoe,  the  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  this  grand  barrier  at 
Summit  Station,  which  has  an  altitude  of  7042  feet.  The 
Tejon  Pass,  near  lat.  35°  N.,  is  stated  to  be  5285  feet  higher 
than  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sierra  Pacaraima,  se-5R'Ri  pi-ki-ri'mi,  a  low 
mountain-chain  of  South  America,  extending  for  about  200 
miles  from  W.  to  E.,  in  lat.  4°  N.  and  between  Ion.  60° 
and  63°  W.,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Carony  and  Mas- 
saroony  from  the  basin  of  the  Rio  Branco,  and  British  and 
Venezuelan  Guiana  from  Brazil. 

Sierra  Parima  or  Parime.    See  Parima,  Sierra. 

Sierra  San  Juan.     See  San  Juan  Mountains. 

Sierra  Soledad,  se-fiR'R4  so-li-Did',  a  range  of  moun- 
tains in  the  S.  part  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  32°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  106°  30'  W. 

Sierra  Tejada,  Be-SR'R&  t&-B&'i)&,  a  mountain  of 
Spain,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Malaga.     Height,  7677  feet. 

Sierra  (se-fir'r4)  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co., 
Cal.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Downieville. 

Sierre,  the  French  name  of  Siders. 

Siesta  Dara,  se-is'ti  d&'ri,  a  post-office  of  Medina 
CO.,  Tex. 

Siete  Aguas,  se-4'ti  &'gw2,s,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  W.  of  Valencia.  In  1808  the  French 
army,  under  Moncey,  here  defeated  the  Spaniards,  and  the 
Carlists  were  here  defeated  in  1836  by  Ovalle.     Pop.  1239. 

Sieti,  se-&'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  milei 
N.E.  of  Salerno. 

Sievernoi,  Siberia.     See  Cape  North. 

Sievsk,  or  Siewsk,  se-Svsk',  written  also  Sevsk  and 
Siawsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  73  miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sievsk.     Pop.  8698. 

Siewierz,  s'yi've-aiRzh\  a  town  of  Poland,  67  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Kielce.  Pop.  1300.   It  has  important  iron-works. 

Sifan,  a  portion  of  Thibet.     See  Sefan. 

Sigean,  a  town  of  France.    See  Sijean. 

Sigel,  see'gh^l,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Effingham.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  cigar-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general 
stores  and  business  bouses.     Pop.  in  1890,  258. 

Sigel,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Lawrence  Jb  Western  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lawrence. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  228. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  548. 

Sigel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Brownsville  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sigel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  in  Eldred 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.     Pop.  698. 

Sigel,  a  post-office  of  La  Crosse  oo..  Wis. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Wood  oo.,  AVis.     Pop.  433. 

Sighajik,  sig^%-jik'  or  see^ga-jeek',  a  small  maritime 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  in  Anatolia,  on  its  W.  coast,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Smyrna,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova. 
Lat.  38°  12'  N.;  Ion.  26°  48'  E. 

Sight  Point,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  15  miles  from  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Sigilmessa,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Seqeluesa. 

Siglerville,  see'gl^r-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Armagh  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Lewistown. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Milroy  Station. 

Sigmaringen,  sig'mi-ring^^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
HohenzoUern,  on  the  Danube,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Constance. 
Pop.  3729.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  has  a  castle. 

Sign,  sig'n  or  seen,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Spalato.  Pop.  200.  Its  fortress,  built  by  the  Turks, 
crowns  a  high  rock  above  the  town. 

Signa,  seen'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of  Flor- 
ence, on  the  Arno.     Pop.  1922. 

Signak,  sig^n&k',  also  written  Signach,  a  town  of 
Transcaucasian  Russia,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiflis.    P.  10,320. 

Sig'nal,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Mohave  co., 
Arizona,  about  160  miles  from  Maricopa  Station.  It  has 
silver-mines  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Signau,  sig'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2977. 

Signy  I'Abbaye,  seen^yee'  lib^bi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Ardennes,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  M6zidres.  Pop.  2274.  It 
has  extensive  iron-works. 

Signy-le-Petit,  seen^yee'-l?h-p?h-tee',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ardennes,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  M6zieres. 

Sigourney,sig'ur-ne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Keokuk 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Sigourney  township,  on  the  North  Skunk 
River,  and  on  the  Sigourney  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Washington,  and 


SIG 


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about  25  miles  E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  contains  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  cneese-factory,  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1523;  of  the  township,  1948. 

Sigrisweil)  aee'grlB-^r,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
Eerland,  canton  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  near  the  Lake  of 
Thun.     Pop.  3155.     Near  here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Siguenza,  se-gwSn'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
<J0  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Guadalajara.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  college,  a  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  nails, 
hats,  and  cloth.     Pop.  4126. 

Signs,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sieo. 

Sigva,  sig'vi,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  government  of  Tobolsk,  flows 
S.S.E.,  and  joins  theSosva  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles. 

Sihl,  seel,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  Schwytz, 
Zug,  and  Zurich,  joins  the  Limmat  at  Zurich,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  35  miles. 

Sihon,  or  Seihun*    See  Syhoon,  and  Jaxartes. 

Sihut,  see^hfit',  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  100 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Makallah.  Lat.  16°  12'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  51° 
19'  E.  The  population  varies  from  300  to  2000,  according 
to  the  trade  and  season.  Its  traders  own  about  30  vessels, 
employed  in  coasting-trade  and  shark-fishing. 

Sihutla,  se-oot'l&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Miohoacan,  25 
miles  W.  of  Zacatula. 

Sijean,  or  Sigean,  see^zhftn"',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Aude,  near  the  Lagoon  of  Sijean,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 12  miles  S.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  3510. 

Si-Kao-Chan,  China.    See  See-Kao-Shan. 

Sikeston,  siks'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church. 

SikhS)  or  Seiks,  seeks,  a  warlike  nation  in  Northwest 
India,  lately  the  ruling  power  in  that  part  of  the  world, 
first  appeared  as  a  sect  of  Hindoo  religionists  about  the 
middle  of  the  fifteenth  century,  but,  stung  by  persecution 
from  the  Mohammedans,  they  turned  their  attention  to  war- 
like pursuits,  and  afterwards  became  a  nation  of  formidable 
soldiers.  Steel,  from  being  an  especial  object  of  attention, 
was  finally  converted  into  one  of  their  gods.  Their  supreme 
divinity  was  denominated  by  them  "  All  Steel."  Owing, 
however,  to  their  continual  dissensions,  they  were  unable 
to  make  head  against  a  powerful  enemy  until  the  early 
part  of  the  present  century,  when  Runjeet  Singh,  having 
subdued  the  other  Sikh  chieftains,  established  an  independ- 
ent kingdom,  which  he  ruled  with  great  energy  and  wis- 
dom. He  maintained  an  army  of  80,000  men,  of  whom 
60,000  were  cavalry,  disciplined  according  to  the  European 
system.  But  after  his  death,  in  1839,  a  period  of  anarchy 
occurred;  and  in  1849  the  Sikhs  were  totally  defeated  by 
the  English,  and  their  territory  annexed  to  British  India. 
The  so-called  "  Sikh  States"  are  small  chieftainships  mostly 
in  the  N.  of  the  Punjab,  near  the  Sutlej,  and  are  under 
British  protection.     See  Punjab. 

Sikino,  see'ke-no  or  se-kee'no  (anc.  Sici'noa),  an  island 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Santorin. 
Area,  17  square  miles.  JPop.  300.  It  produces  wine,  figs, 
cotton,  and  the  best  wheat  in  the  Cyclades.  On  its  W.S.W. 
aide  is  a  village  of  its  own  name. 

Sik'kim^  or  Shikim,  shik'im,  a  state  of  India,  trib- 
utary to  the  British,  between  lat.  26°  40'  and  28°  N.,  Ion. 
88°  E.,  having  N.  the  Himalayas,  W.  Nepaul,  E.  Bootan, 
and  S.  the  Bengal  districts  of  Rungpoor  and  Purneah. 
Area,  2567  square  miles.  Estimated  pop.  50,000,  chiefly  or 
wholly  Booddhists,  and  employed  in  rural  industry.  Cattle 
and  iron  are  among  the  chief  exports.  The  culture  of  the 
tea-plant  has  been  introduced  here  by  the  British  with 
success.  Principal  town,  Sikkim,  135  miles  N.W.  of  Di- 
nagepoor. 

SikloS)  see^klosh',  a  town  of  West  Hungary,  co.  of  Ba- 
ranya,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen.  It  is  celebrated 
for  its  mineral  springs.     Pop.  4296. 

Sikokf,  Sikoke,  or  Sitkoke.    See  Shikoku. 
Sil,  seel,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of  Leon, 
flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Minho.     Length,  100  miles. 
Silah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sylah. 
Silan,  seM&n',  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid. 

Silao,  se-li'o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Guanajuato.     Pop.  4000 

Silarus,  or  Silaro,  Italy.     See  Sele. 
Si'las  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 
Silberberg,  sil'b^r-bdRQ^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
43  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1594. 

Silber-Bergstadt,  Bohemia.    See  Mies. 
Sil'cott  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 


Sile,  see'14  (anc.  Si'lis),  a  river  of  Italy,  enters  the  la- 
goon 6i  miles  N.  of  Venice,  after  a  S.  course  of  35  miles, 
past  Treviso. 

Sildal,  a  river  of  Sweden.     See  Skelleptea. 
Si'Ient  Rnn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ey.,  12 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madisonville. 

Sites,  see'lfis,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2030. 

Silesia,  sl-lee'she-a  (Fr.  SilSaie,  seeM&'zee';  Ger.  Schle- 
tten,  shli'ze-^n),  a  province  forming  the  S.E.  portion  of 
Prussia,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Austrian  Galicia  and  Russian 
Poland,  S.  by  Austrian  Silesia,  Moravia,  and  Bohemia,  W. 
by  Saxony  and  Brandenburg,  and  N.  by  Prussian  Poland. 
Area,  15,355  square  miles.  Pop.  4,224,458,  chiefly  Luther- 
ans and  Roman  Catholics,  with  about  50,000  Jews.  The 
surface  in  the  S.  and  S.W.  is  rugged  and  mountainous,  in 
other  parts  fiat  or  but  slightly  undulating.  The  Oder  trav- 
erses its  centre  throughout,  from  S.E.  to  N.W. ;  the  other 
principal  rivers  are  its  affluents  the  two  Neisses,  Bober, 
Malapane,  and  Bartsch.  The  forests  are  very  extensive. 
Corn,  flax,  and  hemp  are  produced  in  very  large  quantities, 
and  many  sheep  are  kept  in  the  province  and  produce  ex- 
cellent wool,  which  forms,  next  to  linen,  the  principal  arti- 
cle of  export.  Beet  sugar,  timber,  madder,  tobacco,  Ac, 
are  also  exported,  and  coal,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  and  copper  are 
wrought.  The  manufactures  comprise  cotton  fabrics,  linens, 
woollens,  leather,  metallic  wares,  and  porcelain.  It  is  sub- 
divided into  the  three  governments  of  Breslau,  Oppeln,  and 
Liegnitz.  Capital,  Breslau.  It  was  conquered  from  Aus- 
tria by  Frederick  the  Great  in  1742. Adj.  and  inhab. 

SiLESiAN,  sl-lee'she-an. 

Silesia,  or  Austrian   Silesia,  a  crown-land  and 
duchy  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  comprises  the 
S.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Silesia,  composing  the  circles 
of  Troppau  and  Teschen.    Area,  1981  square  miles.    Capi- 
tal, Troppau.    Pop.  (1890)  605,649,  of  whom  one-half  are  of 
German  race,  the  rest  mainly  of  Slavic  origin.     Mining 
and  pasturage  form  the  chief  resources. 
Silhet,  a  town  of  India.    See  Stlhet. 
Silian,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    See  Siljan. 
Silinty,  or  Selinti,  se-Iin'tee,  a  maritime  village  and 
headland  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean,  32  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cape  Anamoor,  around  which  are  remains  of 
the  ancient  Selinua. 

Silis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sile. 
Silistria,  se-lis'tre-a,  or  Silistri,  se-lis'tree  (Turk. 
Driatra,  dris'tri  ;  Fr.  Silistrie,  see^leesHree'),  a  city  of  Bul- 
garia, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  58  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Shoomla.  Lat.  about  44°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  10'  E.  Pop. 
20,000.  It  stands  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  is  of  semicircular 
form,  and  in  general  poorly  built,  consisting  of  narrow,  ill- 
paved  streets,  with  gloomy-looking  houses.  It  has  5  mosques, 
a  large  Greek  church  and  convent,  public  baths,  a  custom- 
house, extensive  magazines  for  flour  and  grain,  a  few  manu- 
factures, and  a  considerable  trade,  chiefly  in  wood  and  cat- 
tle. Silistria  has  figured  prominently  in  the  Russo-Turkish 
wars.     In  1879  its  forts  were  demolished. 

Silivri,  se-liv'ree,  or  Selivri,  a  maritime  town  of 
European  Turkey,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora, 
40  miles  W.  of  Constantinople.     Pop.  5000. 

Siljan,  sil'yan,  or  Silian,  sil'e-in,  a  lake  of  Sweden, 
Isen  and  26  miles  N.W.  of  Falun.  Length,  52  miles; 
breadth,  7  miles. 

Silla,  the  Slavic  name  of  Gail. 

Silla,  seel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  9  miles  S. 
of  Valencia,  on  the  Albufera  Lagoon.     Pop.  3679. 

Sil 'la,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in  Bambarra,  onthe  Joliba, 
80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sego.     Lat.  13°  17'  N.;  Ion.  5°  30'  W. 
Silla  de  Caracas,  scd'yi  dk  ki-r&'k&s,  a  mountain 
of  Venezuela,  near  Caracas.     Height,  8625  feet. 

Sillah  Mew,  sil'lih'  mQ,  or  Chalain  Mew,  shi^- 
lin'  ma,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy.  Lat.  20° 
50'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  30'  E.  It  was  formerly  surrounded  by  a 
brick  wall  50  feet  high  without  and  30  feet  within. 
Sillein,  a  town  of  Hungary.  See  Szolna. 
SiU6  le  Guillaume,  see'yi'  l^h  ghee*y5m'  or  seeP- 
yi'  I^h  gheeryom',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  19  miles 
N.W.  of  Le  Mans.  Pop.  2995.  It  has  manufactures  of 
fine  linens. 

Sillery,  seeri^h-ree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Marne,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Reims,  famous  for  its  fine  champagne  wine. 

Sil'lery  Cove,  or  Saint  Colomb,  s&n<>  ko'l6i(',  a 
post-village  and  parish  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Quebec,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  miles  above  Quebec.  The 
parish  contains  2  churches,  a  large  convent,  an  academy, 
several  schools,  17  timber-coves,  and  about  3500  inhabitants. 
Silk'ville,  or  Prairie  Home,  a  hamlet  of  FrankliP 


SIL 


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eo.,  Kansas,  in  Williamsburg  township,  3  miles  from  Wil- 
liamsburg Station.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  silk  and  one 
of  cheese.     Pop.  60. 

Silliards,  8il'y5.rds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yellow  Medicine 
CO.,  Minn.,  20  miles  N.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church. 

SiM'iman)  Mount,  California,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  on  or  near  the  northern  border  of  Tulare 
CO.,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Visalia.  It  rises  11,623  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sill'oth,  a  port  and  sea-bathing  place  of  England,  in 
Cumberland,  on  Sol  way  Firth,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Car- 
lisle. It  has  an  infirmary,  and  docks  for  shipping,  and  is 
the  seat  of  considerable  trade. 

Silly,  see^yee'  or  seePyee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Hainaut,  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mons.      Pop.  2491. 

Siloam,  sl-lo'^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ark., 
30  miles  W.  of  Corning.     It  has  a  church. 

Siloam,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Gkt.,  6  miles  from 
Union  Point. 

Siloam,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Siloam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Miss.,  6  miles  W. 
of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches. 

Siloam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Siloam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Yad- 
kin River,  about  46  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Silos,  see'loce,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Tene- 
riflFe,  at  the  S.  foot  of  the  MontSneta-de-Aregume,  about  1 
mile  from  the  sea. 

Sils,  sils,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  in 
an  angle  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Albula  with  the 
Hinter-Rhein,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chur.  Pop.  544.  Height 
above  the  sea,  5964  feet.  The  Lake  of  Sils,  whence  the  river 
Inn  rises,  is  immediately  S.W.,  and  is  4  miles  in  length  by 

1  mile  in  breadth. 

Sils'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Keighley.     Pop.  of  township,  2714. 

Sil'soe,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Bedford. 

Silt,  or  Sylt,  silt,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  the  North 
Sea,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sleswiok.  Greatest  length,  from 
N.  to  S.,  about  20  miles ;  breadth,  6  miles.     Pop,  2820. 

Silnria,  si-lu're-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  in 
the  Cahawba  Valley,  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  S.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lime  and  barrels,  and  3  churches. 

Silvanectes,  or  Silvanectse,  France.    See  Senlis. 

Silvano,  sil-vi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  district  of  Novi. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2148. 

Silvar'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Tus- 
carora  township,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has 

2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Sil'ver,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  174. 

Silver,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Silverado,  silV§r-ah'do,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  and  tin,  2  quartz-mills,  2  stores,  and  3  hotels. 
It  is  in  the  Santa  Rosa  mining-district. 

Sil'ver  Bow,  a  post-village  of  Silver  Bow  co.,  Montana, 
about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Helena. 

Silver  Brook,  a  mining-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
1  mile  from  Summit  Station.  It  has  a  coal-mine  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Silver  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Owyhee  co., 
Idaho,  on  Jordan  Creek,  about  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bois^ 
City.  It  has  a  daily  newspaper,  a  church,  a  bank,  a  foun- 
dry, a  planing-mill,  and  several  quartz-mills.  Silver  is 
mined  near  this  place  by  several  companies.  There  are  12 
quartz-mines  (of  silver)  at  Fairview,  2  miles  from  Silver 
City.     Pop.  599. 

Silver  City,  a  village  in  Carp  Lake  township,  On- 
tonagon CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  Iron 
River,  70  miles  W.  of  L'Anse.  It  is  the  outlet  or  shipping- 
point  of  several  mines  of  copper  and  silver,  and  has  2  or  3 
stamp-mills.    Here  is  Iron  River  Post-Office. 

Silver  City,  a  hamlet  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo 
River,  22  miles  N.  of  Yazoo  City.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Palmetto  Home  Post-Office. 

Silver  City,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana,  about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Helena. 

Silver  City,  a  post-town  of  Lyon  co.,  Nevada,  is  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Washoe  Mountain  range,  5  miles  S.  of 
Virginia  City,  and  3  miles  from  Gold  Hill  Station.  It  has 
several  quartz-mills,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  2  churches, 
and  a  bank.  Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here.  It  has 
placer-mines  and  quartz  lodes. 


Silver  City,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Bayard.  Lat.  32"  46'  15"  N.  It 
has  rich  silver-mines,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  church,  2 
banking-houses,  an  iron-foundry,  4  silver-mills,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Copper  and  lead  are  found  here.     Pop.  (1890)  2102. 

Silver  City,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Juab 
eo.,  Utah,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Santaquin.  Here  are  minea 
of  gold,  silver,  and  copper. 

Silver  Cliff,  a  mining  post-village,  the  capital  of  Cus- 
ter CO.,  Col.,  32  miles  S.W.  of  CaBon  City.  It  has  silver- 
mines  and  reduction-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  546. 

Silver  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  runs 
southward  through  St.  Clair  co.,  and  enters  the  Kaskaskia 
about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belleville.     Length,  70  miles. 

Silver  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southward  through  Clarke 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  1  or  2  miles  above  New 
Albany. 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  runs  nearly 
southward  through  Pottawattamie  co.,  and  enters  the  West 
Nishnabatona  River  in  Mills  co.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Silver  Creek,  Mississippi,  flows  into  Sunflower  River 
in  Washington  co. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Rome.     It  has  2  stores. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  111. 

Silver  Creek,  township,  Stephenson  co..  111.    P.  1309. 

Silver  Creek,  township,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1116. 

Silver  Creek,  post-township,  Ida  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  105. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
831,  exclusive  of  Hillsdale  and  Malvern. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  620. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Emporia.     It  has  a  church. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
867.     Post-office,  Moscow. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  near 
a  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Richmond  with  Stanford,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  ^ 
mile  from  Argenta  Station,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.    P.  1709. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn., 
about  20  miles  S.S.E,  of  St.  Cloud,  is  bounded  on  the  N.B. 
by  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  several  lakes,  and  plenty 
of  hard  timber.     Pop.  363. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Miss.,  8 
miles  N.E,  of  Monticello. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Mo. 

Silver  Creek,  township,  Randolph  co..  Mo.     P.  1831. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrick  co..  Neb.,  near 
the  Platte  River,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Columbus,  and  109  miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a 
church,  3  stores,  &c. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hanover  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Silver 
Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  9  miles  B.N.E.  of 
Dunkirk.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  large  tannery, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  "  smut-machines 
and  grain-separators."     Pop.  in  1890,  1678. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.    P.  1314. 

Silver  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Akron,  0, 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co,,  0.    Pop.  1701. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Kenton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
Blythe  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles 
E,N.E.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington, 
18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Napavine. 

Silver  Creek,  a  station  of  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 
Here  is  Tyner  Post-Office. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis. 

Silver  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Silver  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winfield.  Pop.  of 
Silver  Dale  township,  711. 

Silver  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C,  30  mile* 
W.  of  Morehead  City. 


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2469 


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Silver  Glen,  Merrick  co.,  Neb.,  the  former  name  of 
Silver  Creek.    See  Silver  Creek. 

Sil'verheel  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  main 
range  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  20'  N.,  Ion. 
106°  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,650  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  It  is  about  10  miles  N.  of  Fair  Play.  Gold  and  sil- 
ver  are  found  in  this  mountain. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark.,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Fulton. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Silver  Hill,  post-township,  Davidson  co.,  N.C.    P.  975. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Silverina,  Mississippi.     See  Sylvarena. 

Silver  Island,  China.    See  Kintang. 

Silver  King,  a  mining  post-village  of  Pinal  co.,  Ari- 
ssona,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Florence.  It  has  silver-mines. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Silver  Lake,  in  the  E.  part  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
connected  by  an  outlet  with  Genesee  River.  Length,  3 
miles. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township,  Kos- 
ciusko CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tile-factory,  grist-mills, 
■aw-mills,  and  general  stores.    Pop.  570. 

Silver  Lake,  township,  Dickinson  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  59. 

Silver  Lake,  township,  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  172. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Worth  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Sil- 
ver Lake  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mason  City. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  463. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Silver  Lake  township, 
Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Topeka.  Pop.  268;  of  township,  1184. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Kansas  River. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Qlencoe,  and  about  56  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Silver  Lake,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.    P.  224. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Fredericktown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Adams  oo.,  Neb. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Silver  Lake  township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Binghamton, 
N.Y.     Here  is  a  small  lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1079. 

Silver  Lake,  a  village  in  Johnson  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  Olneyville.  It  has  a  foundry. 
Pop.  278. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  6i  miles  W.  of  Mineola. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cowlits  co.,  Washington. 

Silver  Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norwalk  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  IJ  miles  from  Winnipauk  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  turning-shop,  and  a  tannery. 

Sil'ver  Mines,  minz,  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Paducah.     Lead  and  fluor-spar  are  mined  here. 

Silver  Mines,  a  station  of  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.W.  of  Newburyport,  Mass. 

Silver  Mountain,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  in  Alpine  co.,  has  an  altitude  of  10,934  feet  above 
the  sea-level.  It  is  made  up  of  volcanic  materials,  with  a 
great  variety  of  structure  and  composition,  and  its  summit 
commands  an  extensive  view  in  all  directions. 

Silver  Mountain,  a  post-village  and  silver-mining 
oamp  of  Alpine  co.,  Cal.,  is  near  the  N.  base  of  a  moun- 
tain of  the  same  name,  about  90  miles  in  a  direct  line  E. 
of  Sacramento,  and  7000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office. 

Silver  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada, 
about  125  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Austin. 

Silver  Plume,  a  post-village  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col., 
near  Sherman  Mountain,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Georgetown. 
It  has  silver-mines,  a  church,  and  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Silver  Point,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Silver  Reef,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah, 
about  25  miles  N.  of  St.  George.  It  has  mines  of  silver, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Silver  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  near 
the  Selma,  Rome  i>  Dalton  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Talladega. 

Silver  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  5  miles 
from  Littlestown,  Pa.,  and  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bal- 
timore.    It  has  a  oharoh. 
Silver  Spring,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on 


the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (Metropolitan  Branch),  7 
miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Silver  Spring,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2259.     It  contains  Hogestown  and  New  Kingston. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

Silver  Spring,  a  village  in  North  Kingstown  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.  It  has  manufactures  of  doeskin 
jeans.     Pop.  148. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  2\ 
miles  from  Beck  with  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Milwaukee 
CO.,  Wis. 

Silver  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Pla. 

Silver  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Alcorn  oo..  Miss.,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Ripley. 

Silver  Star,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Madi- 
son CO.,  Montana,  on  the  Jefferson  River,  about  80  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Helena.     It  has  a  church,  and  mills  for  gold. 

Silver  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Greenville  A  Columbia  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Columbia. 

Sil'verton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  San  Juan  co.,  Col., 
is  finely  situated  on  the  Animas  River,  at  an  elevation  of 
9400  feet  above  the  sea,  and  285  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pueblo. 
It  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains,  and  is  about  2  miles 
from  the  lofty  Sultan  Mountain.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  saw-mills,  and  smelting-works 
for  silver,  which  is  mined  near  it. 

Silverton,  a  hamlet  in  Dallas  township,  Huntington 
CO.,  Ind.,  2}  miles  from  Antiooh  Station. 

Silverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  near  the 
sea,  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Toms  River.  It  has  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Silverton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  Sil- 
ver Creek,  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  sash-factory,  ko.     Pop.  in  1890,  511. 

Silverton,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Briscoe  co., 
Texas,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Clarendon.  It  has  4  oharoh  organ- 
izations and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Silverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  35 
miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
several  stores. 

Sil'verville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Bedford.    It  has  a  oharoh. 

Silves,  sil'vfls  or  seei'vfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Al- 
garve,  19  miles  B.N.B.  of  Lagos.     Pop.  6047. 

Silves,  sil'v£s  or  seel'vSs,  or  Santa  Anna,  s&n't& 
in'ni,  a  village  and  parish  of  Brazil,  on  Lake  Saraca,  20 
miles  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Amazon. 

Sil'veyville,  a  village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  in  Silvey- 
ville  township,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento.  Pop.  279 ; 
of  the  township,  1583.  The  township  contains  the  village 
of  Dixon. 

Sim,  seem,  or  Sima,  see'm&,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Orenboorg,  flows  cirouitously  N.,  then 
S.E.,  and  joins  the  Inzer.     Total  course,  100  miles. 

Simabara,  se-m&-b&'r&,  a  gulf  of  Japan,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  stretching  far  inland,  and 
forming  the  basin  in  which  are  the  peninsula  of  Simabara 
and  the  islands  of  Amakoosa,  Kami-Togi,  Simo-Togi,  Oho- 
jano,  Nagasima,  and  a  number  of  other  islands  and  rocks. 
The  peninsula  of  Simabara  is  remarkable  for  the  volcano 
of  Wunzen,  or  Wunzendake. 

Simancas,  se-min'kis  (anc.  Septimanca),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid,  on  the 
Pisuerga.  Pop.  1167.  It  has  a  fortress,  in  which  the 
archives  of  Castile  are  kept. 

Simand,  see^mSnd',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  21 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  2592. 

Simao,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Seuao. 
Simaul,  see^mawl',  or  Simawnl,  see^maw'al,  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  75  miles  S.  of  Brusa.     Lake  Simaul,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  the  town,  gives  origin  to  the  Simawul-Soo,  an 
affluent  of  the  Soosighirlee-Soo  (anc.  Maeestut). 

Simbeersk,  or  Simbirsk,  sim-beersk',  a  government 
of  Russia,  between  lat.  52°  40'  and  55°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  45° 
10'  and  51°  20'  E.,  having  N.  the  governments  of  Kazan 
and  Orenboorg,  S.  Saratov,  and  W.  Penza  and  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod.  Area,  19,109  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1,205,881.  Surface  undulating  and  very  fertile.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Volga  and  Soora  and  their  affluents.  Rye,  wheat, 
oats,  buckwheat,  pease,  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  and  poppief 


SIM 


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are  extensively  raised.  Cattle-  and  horse-breeding  is  chiefly 
practised  by  the  Kalmucks.  Manufactures  of  coarse  and 
fine  woollen  cloth,  coarse  linen,  canvas,  coverlets,  salt, 
spirits,  glass,  soap,  and  leather  are  carried  on,  and  large 
quantities  of  corn,  hemp,  horses,  cattle,  hides,  fish,  fruit, 
and  millstones  are  exported.  The  government  is  sub- 
divided into  10  circles.  Principal  towns,  Simbeersk,  Syz- 
ran, Alateer,  and  Karsoon. 

Simbeersk)  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  on 
the  Volga,  105  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kazan.  Pop.  36,600.  Its 
position,  on  a  height  above  the  Volga,  is  highly  picturesque. 
The  houses  arre  partly  of  wood.  Principal  edifices,  2  cathe- 
drals, a  monastery,  nunnery,  college,  many  charitable  insti- 
tutions, governor's  palace,  town  hall,  barracks,  and  an  ex- 
change.    Jts  trade  is  flourishing;  it  exports  com  and  fish. 

Simcoe^  sim'ko,  a  lake  of  Ontario,  between  Lake  On- 
tario and  Georgian  Bay  (an  arm  of  Lake  Huron),  nearly 
30  miles  long,  and  about  18  miles  broad  at  its  widest  part, 
and  said  to  be  about  170  feet  above  Lake  Huron,  into  which 
it  discharges  itself  through  Lake  Couchiching,  the  Severn, 
and  Georgian  Bay.  This  lake  is  generally  frozen  completely 
over  in  the  winter,  so  as  to  be  passable  in  safety  for  sleighs. 
It  contains  numerous  islands,  some  of  large  size,  and  its 
banks  are  generally  clothed  with  wood  to  the  water's  edge. 

Simcoe,  a  county  of  Ontario,  chiefly  between  Lake 
Simcoe  and  Georgian  Bay.  Area,  1665  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Railway.  Capital,  Barrie. 
Pop.  57,389. 

Simcoe,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  oo.  of  Nor- 
folk, on  the  river  Lynn,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway 
(Canada  Air-Line),  8  miles  N.  of  Lake  Erie,  and  24  miles 
from  Brantford.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  5 
churches,  2  branch  banks,  a  grammar-  and  several  common 
schools,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  and  manufactories  of  iron  cast- 
ings, mill-machinery,  soap  and  candles,  potash,  leather, 
woollens,  Ac,  a  distillery,  brewery,  and  several  saw-  and 
flouring-mills.     Pop.  (1891)  2674. 

Simeto,  a  river  of  Sicily.     See  Giarretta. 

Simfero'pol,  or  Simphero'pol  (Turk.  Akmed»hid, 
the  "  white  mosque"),  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Taurida,  in  the  Crimea,  on  theSalghir,  37  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Sevastopol.  Lat.  about  45°  N. ;  Ion.  34°  4' 
E.  Pop.  30,000,  of  very  various  descent.  It  is  finely  situ- 
ated, enclosed  by  heights,  and  consists  of  the  old  Tartar 
town  of  Ak-Metchet,  and  a  quarter  constructed  by  the 
Russians,  which  is  regularly  built,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
churches,  barracks,  hospital,  and  government  offices.  Here 
are  several  mosques,  a  Tartar  school,  a  vast  bazaar,  an  ar- 
tesian well,  and  several  fountains.  It  was  founded  in  a.d. 
15D0,  and  became  the  capital  of  Tartar  sultans. 

Simla,  or  Simlah,  sim'l^  a  district  of  India,  division 
of  Umballah,  Punjab,  but  detached  and  lying  among  the 
Sutlej  hill-states,  and  traversed  by  ranges  of  the  Himalaya. 
Area,  18  square  miles.     Capital,  Simla.     Pop.  33,995. 

Simla,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Simla  district,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Belaspoor,  and  7300  feet  above  sea-level.  It 
is  an  important  sanitarium  for  Europeans.     Pop.  7037. 

Simmen,  sim'men,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Bern,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course  of  35  miles  joins  the  Kander 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Lake  of  Thun. 

Simmeuthal,  sim'm^n-tir  {i.e.,  the  "  valley  of  the 
Simmen"),  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  watered 
by  the  Simmen.     It  contains  several  villages. 

Simmering,  sim'm^h-ring,  or  Simoning,  se-mo'- 
ning,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  between  the  Simmering 
Canal  and  the  Danube,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna.   Pop.  11,759. 

Simmern,  sim'm^m,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  2461. 

Simmesport,  Avoyelles  parish.  La.     See  Simsport. 

Sim'mon  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Sim'mons'  Blnff,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Simmon's  Fork,  North  Carolina,  a  creek  which  rises 
in  Randolph  co.,  runs  southward  through  Montgomery  co., 
and  enters  the  Yadkin  River. 

Sim'monsville,  a  village  of  Johnston  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.  It  has  a  hall,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  yams. 

SimmonsTille,  a  ppst-village  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  17 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Castle.  ) 

Simnan,  sim^n&n',  Semnan,  sSm^n&n',  or  Sem- 
noon,  sSm^noon',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  115 
miles  E.  of  Teheran.  It  is  2\  miles  in  circumference,  and 
enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Simnitza,  sim-nit's^,  written  also  Zimnitza,  a  town 
of  Roumania,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite 
Sistova.     Pop.  4145. 

Simoda,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Sbimoda. 


Simoga,  se-mo'gi,  or  Sheemo'ga,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Mysore,  130  miles  N.W.  of  Seringapatam.    Pop.  11,034. 

Simoga,  a  district  of  India,  in  Mysore.  Area,  3797 
square  miles.     Capital,  Simoga.     Pop.  498,976. 

Simois,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Mender. 

Simon,  Ashtabula  co.,  0.    See  East  Williamsfield 

Simoning,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Simmering. 

Simonosaki,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Shimonoseki. 

Simonsthnrm,  see'mons-t56Rm\  or  Simontornya, 
a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  56  miles  S.S.W.  of  Buda. 
Pop.  2498. 

Si'mon's  Town,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  on  Simon's 
Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  iide  of  False  Bay,  23  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Town,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a  good  road 
It  is  neatly  built  at  the  foot  of  Cape  Mountain,  and  has  n 
naval  arsenal.  It  is  the  port  to  which  ships  resort  for  re- 
pairs, Ac.     Pop.  2447. 

Si'monsTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Chester  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rutland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Simooseer,  Simonsir,  or  Simnsir,  se-moo-seer', 
one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Ooroop.  Lat.  of  S.  point,  46°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  151° 
37'  E.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  90  miles ;  breadth,  6  miles. 

Simpang,  sim^p&ng',  a  village  of  Java,  near  Soerabaya, 
of  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  suburb. 

Simpang,  a  town  of  Borneo,  13  miles  from  the  S.W. 
coast,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Succadana,  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Matan  with  the  Simpang. 

Simpheropol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Simferopol. 

Sim'plon  (Fr.  pron.  siM^plftw'),  a  mountain  of  Swit 
zerland,  between  theValais  and  Piedmont,  and  across  which 
was  carried  the  famous  Boute  of  the  Simplon,  under  the 
orders  of  Napoleon.  This  road,  extending  from  Glys  (Va- 
lais)  to  Domo  d'OssoIa,  a  distance  of  nearly  38  miles,  i» 
6592  feet  above  the  sea,  and  from  25  to  30  feet  in  width. 
It  is  carried  through  several  extensive  tunnels,  passes  over 
611  bridges,  is  furnished  with  20  station-houses  for  trav- 
ellers, and  was  completed  between  1800  and  1806. 

Simp'son,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  West  Fork  of  Big  Barren  River  and 
several  creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
is  mostly  based  on  limestone.  Maize,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
a  branch  of  the  Louisville  &,  Nashville  Railroad,  which 
connects  with  Franklin,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9573; 
in  1880,  10,641;  in  1890,  10,878. 

Simpson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Pearl  River,  intersected  by  Strong  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Sanders  and  Big  Creeks,  and  other  small 
streams.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Westville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6718;  in  1880,  8008;  in  1890,  10,138. 

Simpson,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  111.     Pop.  916. 

Simpson,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  47 
miles  E.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Simp'son  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Mulgrave  Archi- 
pelago, in  lat.  0°  30'  N.,  Ion.  173°  64'  E. 

Simpson's,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of 
Columbia. 

Simpson's,  a  post-office   of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Simpson's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.. 
Me.,  in  Dixmont  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Etna  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Simpson's  Creek,  township,  Horry  co.,S.C.    P.  946. 

Simpson's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.W.  of 
Grafton.     It  has  a  church. 

Simpson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Simpson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn., 
7i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sparta.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Simpson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa. 

Simp'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Shelbyville  division  of  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A 
Lexington  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  239. 

Simpsonville,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Middle  Patuxent  River,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bal- 
timore. It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  1  or  2  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  about  200. 

Simpsonville,  a  township  of  Rockingham  oo..  NO 
Pop.  1500. 


SIM 


2471 


SIN 


Simpsonville)  a  post-village  of  Upshur  oo.,  Tex., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Gilmer.     It  has  several  churches. 

SimS)  simz,  a  township  of  Grant  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1185. 

Sims,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  oo.,  Tex.,  18  miles  from 
Ennis.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Simsbary,  slms'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Simsbury 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  Farmington  River,  and 
on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  New  Haven  <fc  Northampton  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of 
New  Haven.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  fuse-factory.  The 
township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  TariflFville.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2051. 

Sims  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo. 

Sims  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Simsport,  simz'port,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  on  Atchafalaya  Bayou,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Baton  Rouge.    It  has  2  churches.    Post-office,  Simmesport. 

Sims  Store,  a  post-offioe  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Ky. 

Sims'ville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

Simusir,  Kooril  Islands.     See  Simoosebr. 

Sin,  sin  or  seen,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shen-See, 
120  miles  S.E.  of  See-Ngan. 

Sin,  s4n»,  or  Sin-le-Noble,  s3,N»-l§h-nob'l,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Nord,  2  miles  E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  2269. 

Si'nse  (GnSIvoi),  the  ancient  name  of  apeople  inhabiting 
the  southeasternmost  part  of  Asia,  supposed  to  be  the  same 
as  the  Cochin-Chinese. 

Sinai,  si'ni  or  ei'ni-i,  a  peninsula  between  the  Gulfs 
of  Suez  and  Akabah,  the  scene  of  the  Israelite  wanderings 
in  the  desert,  is  about  140  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S., 
and  as  much  in  breadth  at  its  N.  end,  whence  it  gradually 
tapers  S.  to  its  extremity,  Ras-Mohammed,  in  the  Red 
Sea.  Lat.  27°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  18'  E.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally mountainous  and  rooky ;  in  different  localities  of  it 
are  hieroglyphic  and  other  ancient  inscriptions.  The  high- 
est points  are  Mount  St.  Catharine  (8526  feet),  Mount 
Shomer  (8449  feet),  and  Mount  Serbal  (6734  feet).  The 
peninsula  is  under  Egyptian  administration. 

Sinai,  si'n^,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Ey. 

Sinai  (sx'ni  or  si'ni-l).  Mount,  a  mountain  of  Arabia 
Petrsea,  famous  in  Scripture,  and  identified  with  the  Jebel- 
Moosa,  or  "  Mount  of  Moses,"  one  of  a  cluster  of  moun- 
tains, of  which  Mount  Horeb  forms  a  part  of  the  N.  end. 
Lat.  of  Sinai,  28°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  E.  On  its  N.E.  side  is 
the  fortified  convent  of  Sinai,  now  tenanted  by  about  20 
Greek  monks.  The  name  Horeb  sometimes  appears  to  be 
a  general  name  for  the  mountain-group,  and  at  other  times 
it  is  synonymous  with  Sinai.  The  latter  mountain  is  prop- 
erly the  peak  called  gufsafeh,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the 
mountain,  and  not  the  Jebel-Moosa  of  the  Arabs,  which  is 
the  S.E.  peak  of  the  same  mountains. 

Sinaloa,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Cinaloa. 

Sina  Longa,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Asinalunga. 

Sinaruco,  se-ni-roo'ko,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  joins  the 
Orinoco  after  an  E.  course  of  100  miles. 

Sinay,  see^ni',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4293. 

Sincapore,  India.    See  Singapore. 

Sin'clair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  4  Alton  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  cigars. 

Sinclair,  a  post-offioe  of  Stone  co.,  Mo. 

Sinclair,  a  post-offioe  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Sin'clairtown,  or  Saint  Clair'town,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  adjoining  Path-Head.     Pop.  2526. 

Sin'clairrille,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  township, 
Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Dunkirk.  It 
has  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  cheese-factory, 
2  carriage-shops,  a  graded  school,  a  manufactory  of  farm- 
ing-implements, and  a  printing-office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Sina,  Sinde,  slnd,  or  Sindh,  a  river  of  India,  be- 
tween the  Chumbul  and  Betwah  Rivers,  rises  near  Seronge, 
flows  N.E.  through  the  Gwalior  dominion,  and  between  it 
and  Bundelcund,  and  joins  the  Jumna  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Etawah.     Total  course,  220  miles. 

Sinde,  or  Scinde,  slnd,  called  also  Sindh  and  Sindy 
(from  Sindhoo  or  Sindktt,  a  "  collection  of  waters"),  a  prov- 
ince of  British  India,  now  annexed  to  the  presidency  of 
Bombay,  watered  by  the  Lower  Indus,  and  comprising  its 
delta,  extending  from  the  Indian  Ocean  N.  to  the  junction 
of  the  Chenaub  with  the  Indu9,  between  lat.  23°  37'  and 
28°  32'  N.,  Ion.  66°  43'  and  71°  3'  E.  Area,  46,599  square 
miles.  Pop.  2,871,774.  It  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Belooohee 
Mountains,  and  extends  B.  into  the  Desert  of  Thurr.  The 
delta  is  encumbered  with  jungle  and  tall  grass,  and  the 
lands  bordering  it  are  poor,  destitute  of  fresh  water,  and. 


after  the  inundation,  incrnsted  with  salt.  Upper  Sinda 
is  the  most  fertile  part  of  the  country,  being  irrigated  by 
canals,  and  yielding  rice,  wheat,  barley,  oil-seeds,  millet, 
opium,  indigo,  maize,  sugar-cane,  cotton,  pulse,  and  esculent 
vegetables,  with  dates,  mangoes,  plantains,  and  the  fruits 
common  to  Southern  Europe.  Much  of  the  country  has, 
however,  been  depopulated  and  laid  waste  for  hunting- 
grounds.  Mimosas,  banyans,  palms,  and  mangroves  are 
among  the  principal  trees.  Camels,  buffaloes,  sheep,  goats, 
horses,  and  asses  are  the  domestic  animals ;  wool  is  an  im- 
portant product,  and  is  manufactured  into  bags,  ropes,  and 
small  cloths.  Climate  extremely  sultry  and  dry,  and  epi- 
demic diseases  are  frequent  and  destructive.  Tigers,  hye- 
nas, wolves,  and  other  formidable  animals  are  numerous, 
and  crocodiles  swarm  in  the  pools  of  the  delta.  Coarse 
cloths,  felt,  mats,  arms,  leather,  horse-furniture,  earthen- 
wares, cotton,  silk,  and  embroidered  fabrics  are  made  in  the 
towns,  but  few  manufactured  goods  are  fit  for  exportation ; 
the  exports  consisting  chiefly  of  the  natural  produce,  rice 
and  other  grains,  ghee,  hides,  fish,  wool,  salt  and  nitre 
from  the  soil,  oil  and  oil-seeds,  bark,  alkalies,  firewood, 
opium,  tobacco,  camels,  and  horses.  Imports  are  chiefly 
manufactured  goods,  madder  and  other  dyes,  groceries, 
metals,  gems,  timber,  cordage,  bamboos,  and  dried  fruits. 
Kurrachee,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Indus,  is  the  chief  port  and 
seat  of  foreign  trade.  The  inhabitants  are  partly  Hindoos, 
partly  Beloochees  and  Mohammedans,  the  lower  classes  of 
the  latter  being  of  the  Swinee  and  the  upper  or  ameers  of 
the  Shiah  sect.  Until  lately  the  country  was  governed  by 
the  ameers,  who  exercised  an  aristocratic  military  despotism ; 
but,  after  open  hostilities  had  been  evinced  by  them  against 
the  British,  their  power  was  completely  broken  by  the  forces 
under  Sir  C.  Napier  in  1844,  and  Sinde  became  a  British 
dependency.  Chief  towns,  Hyderabad  (the  capital),  Shi- 
karpoor,  Khyerpoor,  Kurrachee,  Tatta,  Meerpoor,  Halla, 
Larkhana,  and  Roree.  The  country  is  traversed  by  2  lines 
of  railway,  and  has  important  facilities  for  navigation  af- 
forded by  the  Indus  and  its  arms. 

Sindelfingen,  sin'd^l-fing^^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  3718. 

Sindh,  or  Sindhn.     See  Indus,  Sind,  and  Since. 

Sindhoo,  or  Sindhu,  the  Sanscrit  name  of  the  Indus. 

Sindhoo,  or  Sindhu,  a  province  of  India.  See  Sindb. 

Sindia,  or  Sindhia.     See  Sinde. 

Sindim,  sin-decN"',  or  Sendim,  sfin-deeN»',  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1524. 

Sindorskoe,  sin-doR'sko-i,  a  lake  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Vologda,  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oost-Sysolsk.  Length, 
12  miles,  by  5  miles  in  breadth. 

Sindy,  a  province  of  India.     See  Sinde, 

Si'neath's,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Sinendrij,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Sinna. 

Sin^epux'ent  Bay,  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  a  long, 
narrow  bay,  situated  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  has  an  inlet  of 
its  own  name,  which  is  in  about  38°  10'  N.  lat. 

Sines,  see'nis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Alcacer  do  Sal.  Pop.  3148.  It  was  the  birthpliice 
of  Vasco  da  Gama. 

Sineu,  se-n8h'oo,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3257. 

Sin'ew,  a  river  of  British  America,  rises  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  lat.  56°  N.,  flows  N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Peace  River,  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Sineya,  Sineia,  or  Sineja,  se-n&'yi,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  S.W.  of  Sebesh,  government  of  Vitebsk,  flows  N 
through  the  government  of  Pskov,  and,  turning  E.,  join* 
the  Velikaia  15  miles  above  Ostrov.   Total  course,  100  miles. 

Singac,  sin'j&k,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Passaic  River,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a 
carpet-factory  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  on  the  Montclair  A 
Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark. 

Singalapetta,  India.     See  Chinolepct. 

Singali,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Sinjar. 

Si-.Vgan,  or  Singan,  China.     See  See-Noan. 

Singapore,  sing^ga-pore',  or  Singapoor,  sing'ga- 
poor'  (formerly  written  and  often  pronounced  by  Europeans 
Sinc'apore),  one  of  the  Straits  Settlements  belonging 
to  Great  Britain,  consisting  of  an  island  off  theS.  extremity 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
strait  in  one  part  only  i  mile  across,  and  having  on  its  S. 
side  a  town  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  1°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  60' 
47"  E.  Length  of  island,  27  miles;  breadth,  11  miles.  Area, 
224  square  miles.  Pop.  97,111.  Surface  generally  low, 
undulating,  and  densely  wooded.  Soil  mostly  clay,  resting 
on  sandstone  and  granite.  The  climate  is  healthy.  The 
island  is  infested  by  tigers,  whose  numbers  are  reputed  to 


SIN 


2472 


SIN 


be  reinforced  from  the  mainland,  from  which  they  can  easily 
«wim.  Showers  are  frequent ;  and  the  annual  fall  of  rain 
is  about  100  inches.  Chief  products,  tapioca,  cocoa-nut  oil, 
gambler,  and  fruits.  The  island  is  chiefly  valuable  as  a 
depot  for  the  British  and  Indian  trade  with  the  islands  of 
the  Eastern  seas.  Rice  is  imported  from  Java,  Bengal,  and 
Sumatra,  and  lire-stock  from  Malacca.  Some  manufactures 
of  pearl-sago,  agricultural  implements,  and  arms  are  car- 
ried on  by  the  Chinese,  who,  with  British  residents,  are  the 
principal  merchants.  Exports,  teak,  tin,  pepper,  gutta- 
percha, sago,  gambier,  rice,  coffee,  sugar,  caoutchouc,  hides, 
gums,  tapioca,  camphor,  nutmegs,  canes,  oils,  cntch,  <&o. 
Imports,  cottons,  woollens,  arms,  iron,  copper,  linens,  coal, 
hardware,  earthenware,  beer  and  ale,  glass,  apparel,  guano, 
&c.  Singapore  was  purchased  from  the  Sultan  of  Johore 
(Malay  Peninsula)  and  settled  by  the  English  in  1819. 
Since  then  it  has  rapidly  risen  into  importance. 

Singapore  (anc.  Stnghapura,  "city  of  the  lion"),  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  colony,  and  of  the  Straits 
Settlements,  is  on  the  S.E.  coast,  on  a  small  river,  in  an  open 
bay,  with  an  anchorage  2  miles  from  the  shore.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  well  built,  and  divided  into  Malay,  Chinese, 
and  European  quarters.  The  chief  residence  of  the  Euro- 
peans is  on  a  hill,  150  feet  above  the  sea,  about  1  mile  in- 
land. It  ha£  a  lunatic  a.sylum,  and  a  hospital  for  lepers. 
Pop.  56,000.  Chief  edifices,  town  hall,  court-house,  jail, 
custom-house,  cathedral,  and  college.  It  has  convenient 
quays,  and  goods  are  shipped  and  unshipped  by  lighters ; 
vessels  of  large  burden  lying  in  the  roads,  from  1  to  2  miles 
distant.     It  is  protected  by  a  vast  system  of  fortifications. 

Singboom,  sing^boom',  Singbhooni)  or  Sing- 
bhum,  sing^b'hoom'  (native,  <S'tnA&Aum,  sin^b'hoom'),  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal.  Lat.  21°  59'-22o  53'  N. ;  Ion.  85®-87°  E. 
Area,  4503  square  miles.  It  is  a  rocky  hill-region,  abound- 
ing in  serpents  and  wild  beasts.  Capital,  Chaibassa.  Pop. 
415,023.     . 

Sing-Ching,  a  city  of  China.     See  Canton. 

Singen,  sing'^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  W.N.W,  of 
Radolfszell.     Pop.  1674. 

Sing'er's  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  W.  of  Linville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
printing-ofiice  which  publishes  periodicals. 

Singhala  and  Singhalese.     See  Ceylon. 

Singhamp'ton,  or  Mad  River  MillS)  a  post-village 
in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles  S.  of  CoUingwood.  It  has 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Singhapura)  the  ancient  name  of  Singapore. 

Singiduunm,  the  ancient  name  of  Belgrade. 

Singilei,  or  Singhilei,  sin-ghe-l&'e,  written  also 
Singilijew,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  23  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Simbeersk,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  3501. 

Singkel,  sing^k4l',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  the  W.  coast, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Singkel,  in  lat.  2°  15'  N. 

Singletaryville,  slng'g?l-ta-re-vll,  a  post-office  of 
Williamsburg  co.,  S.C. 

Singleton,  sIng'gQl-t9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.. 
Miss.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Singoe,  sin'go^^h,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic, 
20  miles  W.  of  the  Aland  Islands. 

Singo-Sarie,  sing'go-si'ree,  a  village  of  Java,  prov- 
ince of  Passoeroean,  with  the  remains  of  one  of  the  finest 
temples  in  Java. 

Sing  Sing,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ossining  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  New 
York.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  long  acclivity,  the 
upper  part  of  which  is  about  200  feet  higher  than  the 
river  and  is  occupied  by  elegant  villas.  The  river,  here 
called  Tappan  Sea  or  Bay,  is  nearly  4  miles  wide  opposite 
Sing  Sing,  and  flows  through  very  picturesque  scenery. 
Sing  Sing  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  3  military  boarding-schools,  a  seminary  for  young 
ladies,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Here  is  also  one  of  the  New  York  state  prisons, 
which  is  located  immediately  on  the  bank  of  the  river. 
The  buildings  of  this  prison  are  constructed  of  limestone. 
The  main  edifice  is  484  feet  long,  44  feet  wide,  and  5  stories 
high.  Some  of  the  convicts  are  employed  in  mechanic  arts. 
The  number  of  convicts  usually  is  about  1500.  The  Croton 
Aqueduct  passes  through  this  village,  and  is  carried  over  a 
ravine  on  an  arch  of  masonry  of  88  feet  span,  which  crosses 
at  right  angles  a  bridge  for  a  roadway  over  the  Kil  Creek. 
The  state  prison  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  25  feet  high.  Sing 
Sing  has  a  large  stove-foundry,  a  water-pipe-foundry, 
manufactures  of  cotton-gins,  files,  lime,  and  shoes,  and  a 
book-bindery.     Pop.  in  1890,  9352. 


Sinigaglia,se-ne-gS.l'yfl,,  or  Senigallia  (anc.  Se'na, 
or  Se'na  Gal'lica),  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Misa,  at  its  mouth 
in  the  Adriatic,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ancona.  Pop.  4853. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  convents,  mint,  theatre,  a  small  harbor, 
and  a  celebrated  annual  fair  in  July  and  August. 

Si-lVing-Fou,  a  town  of  China.     See  See-Ning-Foo. 

Siniookha,  Sinioukha,  or  Siniukha,  se-ne-oo'K4, 
a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Kiev,  and  between  Kher- 
son and  Podolia,  after  a  S.E.  and  S.  course  of  nearly  150 
miles,  joins  the  Bug  at  Olviopol. 

Siniscola,  se-ni8'ko-l&,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 25  miles  N.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2604. 

Sin^ar',  or  Singali,  sin-g4'lee\  a  town  of  Asiatio 
Turkey,  70  miles  W.  of  Mosul. 

Silijar  Hills,  a  range  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  about  50 
miles  in  length  by  7  to  9  miles  in  breadth,  between  the 
Khaboor  and  Tigris.  They  are  covered  with  oak  forests 
and  fig-  and  vine-plantations,  interspersed  with  villages. 

Siivjawka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sinyavka. 

Siuk'ing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Sinking  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Sinking  Spring,  a  post-village  in  Brush  Creek  town- 
ship, Highland  co.,  0.,  on  Brush  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  200. 

Sinking  Spring,  a  post-village  in  Spring  township, 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  and  Reading  &,  Co- 
lumbia Railroads,  6  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  several 
stores  and  taverns. 

Sinking  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Sinking  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  about 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Sink's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va., 
6  miles  S.  of  Fort  Spring  Depot.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Sin-le-Noble,  a  town  of  France.    See  Sin. 

Sinn,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Senn. 

Sinn,  sinn,  a  river  of  Germany,  after  a  S.  course  of  40 
miles,  joins  the  Saale  near  its  influx  into  the  Main. 

Sinna,sin'n&,  Senna,  sSn'ni,  or  Sinendrij,  se-nSn^- 
drij',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  capital  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Ardelan,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hamadan.  It  is  of 
comparatively  modern  origin,  and  has  an  imposing  appear- 
ance.    In  its  vicinity  is  a  very  extensive  public  garden. 

Sinnai,  sin-ni',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2920. 

Sin^nemaho'ning,  or  Sin^namaho'ning,  a  post- 
village  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  Sinnemahoning  Creek,  and 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  52  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sinnemahoning  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  j 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  in  Clinton  co. 

Sin'nett's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sinnie,  a  river  of  Guinea.     See  Ancober. 

Sinnimari,  or  Sinnamary,  seen^n&^m&Vee',  a  river] 
of  French  Guiana,  enters  the  Atlantic  78  miles  N.W.  of 
Cayenne,  after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles.     At  its  mouth  is'l 
the  village  of  Sinnimari. 

Sinno,  sin'no  (anc.  Si'ris),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Basili-I 
cata,  flows  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  19  miles  S.W.  j 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Bradano.     Length,  60  miles. 

Sinnore,  sin^nSr',  a  town  of  India,  Baroda  dominions,  j 
on  the  Nerbudda,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baroach. 

Sinope,  sin'o-pe  (Turk.  Sinoob,  Sinoub,  or  Sinub,  see*- 
noob'),  a  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  75 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Samsoon,  in  lat.  42°  2'  12"  N.,  Ion.  35<» 
12'  30"  E.     Pop.  about  8000.     It  is  on  an  isthmus  oon-j 
neeting  a  high,  rocky  peninsula  with  the  mainland,  and 
has  on  its  S.W.  side  the  oest  port  on  the  N.  coast  of  Asiatic  | 
Turkey.     Its  walls,  composed  of  fragments  of  Byzantine  | 
architecture,   are    ivy -clad,   and    overhang   deep   wooded 
ravines  crossed  by  high  and  narrow  bridges.     Many  of  its  j 
buildings  are  surrounded  by  gardens.     Its  exports  consist  j 
of  timber,  salt,  cordage,  fish,  and  oil. 

Sinopoli,  sin-op'o-le,  a  town   of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  2212. 
Sinopoli  Inferiore,  sin-op'o-le  in-fi-re-o'ri,  is  a  village  I 
immediately  S.W.  of  the  above. 

Siuou,  se-noo',  a  little  river  of  Liberia,  falls  into  the  j 
Atlantic  near  5°  N.  lat.  and  9°  W.  Ion. 

Sins,  seens,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons^  ] 
on  a  hill,  in  the  Lower  Engadine  Valley.     Pop.  932.  I 

Sinsheim,  sins'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  14  miles  S.S.ELJ 
of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2740. 

Sinsin'awa  Monnd,  a  post-village  of  Grant  oo-i 
Wis.,  6  miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church  ana  J 


SIN 


2473 


SIR 


r 


«  Catholic  academy  for  girls.  Here  is  a  mound  which  is 
described  as  a  truncated  cone,  formed  partly  of  Niagara 
limestone,  several  hundred  feet  high. 

Sin'ta  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Alabama,  flows  into  the  Tom- 
bigbee  near  Coflfeeville. 

Sin^-Tchoo%  or  Sin-Tcheoa,  sin^che-oo'  or  sin^- 
chew',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See.  Lat.  23° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  110°  E. 

Sinn,  or  Zinu,  see-noo',  a  river  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  rises  in  Cauoa,  about  lat.  7°  N.,  flows  first 
N.E.,  then  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  200  miles, 
falls  into  the  Bay  of  Morrosquillo,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Sinub,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Sinope. 

Sinus  iHIaniticus.    See  Gulf  of  Akabab. 

Sinus  Ambracius.    See  Gulf  of  Arta. 

Sinus  CodanuSy  the  ancient  name  of  the  Baltic. 

Sinus  Doridis.     See  Gulf  of  Symi. 

Sinus  £mdanus  (or  DoUarius).    See  Dollart. 

Sinus  Issicus.     See  Bat  of  Iskanderook. 

Sinus  Pelasgicus.    See  Gulf  of  Volo. 

Sinus  Saronicus.     See  Gulf  op  iBaiNA. 

Sinus  Squilacius.     See  Gulf  of  Squillace. 

Sinyavka,  Siniavka,  or  Siiyawka,  sin-y&v'k&,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  the  Don  Cossack  country,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Novo-Cherkask,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mertvoi- 
Donets  in  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Sinzheim,  sints'hime,  a  village  of  Germany,  3  miles 
W.  of  Baden.     Pop.  3321. 

Sinzig,  sint'sia,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Coblentz,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  P.  2054. 

Siohara,  India.    See  Seohara. 

Si'ou,  or  Zi'on,  a  hill  or  mountain  of  Palestine,  on 
which  Jerusalem  was  partly  built. 

SioU)  see*6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-'Inf^rieure, 
12  miles  W.  of  Chiteaubriant.     Pop.  of  commune,  2819. 

Sion,  see^on',  a  town  and  fort  of  India,  at  the  N.  end 
of  the  island  of  Bombay,  with  a  causeway  communication 
with  the  island  of  Salsette. 

Sion,  see^6ii"'  (Ger.  Sitten,Bit't^n;  ano.  Sedu'num),  a. 
town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the  canton  of  Valais,  near 
the  Rhone,  50  miles  S.  of  Bern.  Pop.  4895.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  3  castles. 

Sioot,  Siout,  Siut,  or  Syoot,  se-oot',  written  also 
Osioot,  Assioot)  or  Es  Siout  (anc.  Lycop'oUa),  the 
principal  town  and  capital  of  Upper  Egypt,  near  the  Nile, 
in  lat.  27°  11'  14"  N.,  Ion.  31°  14'  E.,  228  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Cairo.  Pop.  27,470.  It  is  the  largest  and  best-built 
town  S.  of  Cairo,  and  has  well-supplied  bazaars,  handsome 
mosques,  a  palace,  public  baths,  a  government  school,  and 
a  cotton-factory.  It  was  until  lately  the  principal  seat  of 
the  slave-trade  in  Egypt,  and  is  the  resort  of  the  caravans 
coming  into  that  country  from  Darfoor.  It  is  also  an  im- 
portant military  station,  and  has  a  large  manufactory  of 
pipe-bowls.  Around  it  are  traces  of  the  ancient  city,  and 
in  the  adjacent  mountains,  W.  of  the  Nile,  are  tombs,  grot- 
toes, and  catacombs. 

Sioux,  soo,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  borders 
on  South  Dakota.  Area,  about  768  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sioux  River,  and  intersected  by 
Rock  River  and  Willow  Creek.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Omaha  Railroad,  the  Sioux  City  A  Northern  Railroad, 
and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Orange  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
576;  in  1875,  3220;  in  1880,  5426;  in  1890,  18,370. 

Sioux  Centre,  an  incorporated  town  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa, 
43  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  about  800. 

Sioux  City,  the  second  city  of  Iowa  in  population 
and  the  capital  of  Woodbury  co.,  is  situated  on  tne  Mia- 
aouri  River,  about  100  miles  above  Omaha,  and  215  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Des  Moines,  the  state  capital.  It  is  the  con- 
verging-point of  9  important  railway  lines  (which  have  a 
new  $300,000  union  depot),  and  has  45  churches,  17  banks 
(capital  $3,675,000),  4  superior  hotels,  a  handsome  Y.  M. 
C.  A.  building,  a  fine  high  school  edifice  erected  at  a  cost 
of  §130,000,  a  university,  a  public  library,  a  city  hall 
costing  $125,000,  an  opera-house  ($75,000),  and  in  course 
of  construction  a  United  States  government  building  to 
cost  $250,000.  Its  industrial  establishments  embrace  5  ex- 
tensive packing-houses,  and  manufactories  of  cigars,  sash, 
doors,  flour,  trunks,  clothing,  lumber,  brooms,  tents  and  awn- 
ings, carriages  and  wagons,  cornices,  soaps,  spices,  bricks 
and  tile,  refrigerators,  Ac,  in  which  are  employed  3000 
hands  and  a  capital  of  $6,000,000.  The  streets  are  lighted 
by  gas  and  electricity,  and  traversed  by  electric  and  cable 
railways.  Three  daily  and  12  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  7336;  in  1890,  37,806. 
156 


Sioux  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Minnehaha  oo., 
S.D.,  is  on  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Yankton.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  banking-houses,  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  United  States 
land-o£9oe,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  (1890) 
10,177.     The  river  here  falls  nearly  100  feet. 

Sioux  Falls  Junction,  a  station  in  Nobles  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Worthington,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sioux  Falls  Branch. 

Sioux  Kap'ids,  a  post-village  of  Buena  Vista  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Storm 
Lake,  and  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sioux  River,  South  Dakota.     See  Big  Sioux  Rivbb. 

Sioux  Valley,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  327. 

Sioux  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Sioux  River,  about  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Yankton. 

Sipan  Dagh,  se-p&n'  d&g,  a  mountain  of  Turkish  Ar- 
menia, 40  miles  N.W.  of  Van,  on  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Van. 
Supposed  elevation,  11,000  feet. 

Sipe's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford. 

Sipe  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Comanche  co.,  Texaa, 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Comanche.     Pop.  172. 

Sipesville,  sips'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  eo.,  Pa., 
7  miles  N.  of  Somerset,  and  about  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  a  store. 

Siphanto,  sifan-to  or  see'f&n-to  (ano.  Siph'nos),  an 
island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  government  and  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Syra.  Area,  34  square  miles.  Pop.  3856. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  The  chief  products  are  corn,  silk,  figs, 
wax,  and  honey.  In  ancient  times  the  island  had  mines 
of  gold  and  silver. 

Sipontum,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Manfresokia. 

Sipotuba,  se-po-too'bi,  an  auriferous  river  of  Brasil, 
rises  in  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  in  lat.  13°  50'  S.,  re- 
ceiving the  Taperapoan,  Juva,  and  Jaranbahiba,  and,  pro- 
ceeding S.  for  about  200  miles  in  a  course  nearly  parallel 
to  that  of  the  Paraguay,  joins  that  river  on  the  right,  about 
■30  miles  above  Villa  Maria. 

Sippican,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.     See  Marion. 

Sip'sey  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction, 
intersects  Winston  co.,  and  enters  the  Mulberry  River  in 
Walker  co.,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Jasper.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long. 

Sipsey  River,  Alabama,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Winston  co.,  and  runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Fay- 
ette and  Tuscaloosa.  It  enters  the  Tombigbee  River  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Eutaw.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

SiT*sey  Turnpike,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Sipsey  River,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Sir,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus.    See  Seer. 

Sirang,  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Cbrak. 

Sirault,  see^rS',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainault,  9 
miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2673. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy's  Islands.  See  Hardy's  Is- 
lands. 

Sircy,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sirsee. 

Sir-Daria.     See  Jaxartbs,  and  Syr-Darya. 

Sirdarud,  sirM&-rood',  a  village  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Tabreez. 

Sirdhuna,  or  Sardhana,  sfird-hun'&,  a  town  of  In- 
dia, 37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Delhi.    Pop.  12,469. 

Sir  Edward  Pellew  Islands.  See  Peluew  Islahm. 

Sireth,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Sereth. 

Sir  Ev'erard  Home's  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  extending  about  4  miles 
from  Cape  Grenville,  in  lat.  11°  57'  40"  S.,  Ion.  143°  11'  R 

Sir  Francis  Drake's  Bay,  in  California,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  San  Francisco,  lat.  38°  N.,  Ion.  122°  50'  W. 

Sir  George  Clark's  Isle,  an  island  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  lat.  69°  30'  N.,  Ion.  118°  40'  W. 

Sirgoojah,  sir-goo'j^  or  Sargi^a,  sfir-goo'ja,  a  na- 
tive state  of  Bengal,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  Lat.  22°  37.5'-24° 
6.5'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  32'-84°  7'  E.  Area,  6103  square  miles.  It 
is  a  pleasant  and  fertile  hill-country,  with  coal  and  valuable 
ores,  but  is  nearly  encloeed  by  mountain-ranges.  The 
people  are  of  various  hill-tribes.  Capital,  a  village  called 
Sirgoojah,  or  Bisrampoor.  The  chief  nas  the  title  of  Maha- 
rajah.    Pop.  182,831. 

Sirhinn,  sir-hind',  a  fortress  and  town  of  India,  in  the 
protected  Sikh  territory,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Umballah. 

Sirhind,  a  territorial  division  of  India,  comprising  the 
great  plain  between  the  Jumna  and  Sutlej.  Lat.  29°  8-31° 
24'  N.;  Ion.  73°  50'-77°  39'  E.  Area,  8199  square  miles, 
exclusive  of  British  districts.     Pop.  2,198,800. 


SIR 


2474 


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Siricusa,  the  Italian  name  of  Stracdse. 

Sir-i-Kol,  air^ee-kol'  or  seer^ee-kol',  a  lake  in  Asia,  on 
the  Pameer  Plateau,  forming  the  source  of  the  river  Amoo- 
Darya.  Elevation,  16,600  feet.  It  is  called  Victoria  by 
English  writers. 

Sirinagar,  a  city  of  Cashmere.    See  Serinaguh. 

Siri  Pool,  see'ree  pool,  a  town  of  Asia,  on  the  N.  slope 
of  the  Huzareh  Mountains,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Balkh,  in  lat. 
86°  21'  N,,  Ion.  66°  28'  E.  Pop.  15,000.  It  is  the  capital 
of  a  khanate  of  the  same  name,  one  of  the  Pour  Domains 
of  Afghan  Toorkistan. 

Siris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sinmo. 

Sir-i'Suugah,  sir-ee-siin'g&,  a  fort  of  Afghanistan, 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Cabool,  on  the  route  to  Ghuznee. 

Sir  James  Smith's  Islands,  part  of  the  Comber- 
land  group,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia.  The  principal 
island,  called  Linne  Peak,  is  in  lat.  20°  40'  30"  S.,  Ion. 
140°  9'  10"  E. 

Siijan,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Kbeman. 

Sir  John's  Island,  Ontario.    See  Howe  Island. 

Sir  John's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Potomac  River  and  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad, 
60  miles  E.  of  Cumberland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Sir  Joseph  Banks'  Islands.    See  Banks' Islands. 

Sirmio,  or  Sirmione.    See  Seruioke. 

Sirmore,  sir-mor',  or  Surmoor,  sur-moor',  one  of  the 

Srotected  Sikh  states  of  India,  between  the  Sutlej  and 
umna  Rivers,  on  the  route  between  Seharunpoor  and  Be- 
laspoor.  The  surface  is  hilly.  Area,  1096  square  miles. 
Pop.  90,000.  It  produces  wheat,  barley,  tobacco,  opium, 
cotton,  timber,  and  iron.  The  principal  town  is  Nahan,  30 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Umballah,  in  lat.  31°  N.,  Ion.  77°  E. 

Sirnach,  seeR'nd,K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  3141. 

Sirohi,  India.    See  Serohee. 

Sir  Rungaputtun,  India.    See  Serinoapatah. 

Sirsa,  sur'sa,  or  Sir'suh,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
Bhattiana,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hissar.  Pop.  11,000.  See 
also  Bhattiana. 

Sir'see,  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund.     Pop.  5147. 

Sirsee,  or  Sircy,  a  town  of  India,  in  North  Canara, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Honawar.     Pop.  5285. 

Siruela,  seer-w&'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinoe  and  92 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  4162. 

Sirwan,  sir-win',  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Eoordistan, 
65  miles  S.W.  of  Kermanshah.  Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  46° 
25'  E.  It  presents  the  most  perfect  remains  of  a  Sassanian 
city  to  be  found  in  Persia.  "The  buildings  are  composed  of 
massive  stone  walls,  and  some  of  the  dwellings  are  per- 
fectly preserved,  with  ancient  paintings  in  some  of  the 
vaults  appearing  quite  fresh.  It  is  considered  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  more  ancient  Celonm. 

Sis,  sis  or  sees,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Adana,  on  the  Jyhoon,  S.  of  Mount  Taurus,  and  the  see  of 
an  Armenian  patriarch. 

Sis,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Seevas,  on 
the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Sisal,  se-sil',  a  seaport  town  of  Yucatan,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Merida,  in  lat.  21°  10'  6"  N.,  Ion. 
90°  2'  45"  W.     Population  mostly  Indians. 

Sisante,  se-s&n'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  prorinoe  and  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3349. 

Sisapo,  or  Sisapon.    See  Aluaden  de  la  Plata. 

Sisarga,  se-saR'gS,,  a  group  of  islets  ofi"  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  province  and  23  miles  W.  of  Corunna. 

Siseboli,  or  Sizeboli,  se-sdb'o-le  (anc.  Apollonia, 
afterwards  Sozop'olia),  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  on  the 
Black  Sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Boorghas,  80 
miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople.  It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors 
on  the  Black  Sea,  and  is  mostly  inhabited  by  Greeks. 

Siskiyou,  sis'k^-yoo,  sometimes  pronounced  sis'e-kew, 
a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  borders  on  Oregon. 
It  is  about  100  miles  long  and  60  miles  wide,  and  has  an 
area  of  nearly  6680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Klamath  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Sacramento. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  rugged  mountains,  deep  canons, 
barren  table-lands,  and  "  lava-beds."  Extensive  forests  of 
pine,  cedar,  and  other  evergreen  trees  grow  on  the  high- 
lands. The  most  prominent  feature  of  the  county  is  Mount 
Shasta,  an  isolated  peak,  which  has  an  altitude  of  14,440 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  (See  Mount  Shasta.)  Vol- 
canic rocks  abound  in  this  county.  Among  its  minerals  are 
gold,  quartz,  granite,  and  basalt.  The  soil  of  the  valleys 
is  partiy  fertile^  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.  Cattle,  wheat,  hay,  barley,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Yreka.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6848;  in  1880,  8610;  in  1890,  12,163. 


Sislavich,  sis'l3,-riK\  or  Sislawitz,  sis'li-^^itsS  a 
village  of  Austria,  in  Croatia,  on  the  Kulpa,  9  miles  from 
Karlstadt.     Pop.  1480. 

Sissa,  sis'si,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Parma,  near  the  Taro.     Pop.  of  commune,  4848. 

Sissach,  sis's&K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1841. 

Sis'seton  Agency,  a  post-office  of  Roberts  co.,  S.D. 

Siss'on,  a  township  of  Howell  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1466. 

Sissonne,  sees^sonn',  a  market-town  of  France,  de< 
partment  of  Aisne,  12  miles  E.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1455. 

Siss'onville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.. 
on  or  near  the  Pocotaligo  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sis'ter  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  on  Green 
Bay,  with  a  harbor,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Menominee,  Mich. 

Sis'terdale,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex. 

Sister  Lakes,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Van 
Buren  co.,  Mich.,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Dowagiac. 

Sisteron,  sisH§h-r6M"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  on  the  Durance  and  Buech,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Digne.  Pop.  3768.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  com- 
manded by  a  citadel.     It  has  a  communal  college. 

Sis'ters,  two  islands  of  the  Pacific,  N.  of  Chatham 
Island,  near  New  Zealand. 

Sisters,  two  islands  in  Bass's  Strait,  off  the  N.  extrem- 
ity of  Furneaux  Island. 

Sisters,  two  islands,  Indian  Ocean,  between  Great  and 
Little  Andaman  Islands.     Lat.  11°  10'  N.;  Ion.  92°  46'  E. 

Sisters,  two  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  about  lat.  23°  22'  N.,  Ion.  117°  47'  E. 

Sisters,  two  low,  woody  islands  in  the  Philippines,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Luzon.     Lat.  15°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  49'  E. 

Sisters,  three  islands  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake 
Erie,  two  belonging  to  Canada  and  the  third  to  the  United 
States.     The  largest  contains  about  25  acres. 

Sisters  (Great  and  Little),  Liberia.    See  Sestre. 

Sisters,  The  Three,  three  islands  of  the  Seychelles 
group,  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  6°  9'  30"  S. 

Sister's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  falls 
into  Lake  Erie. 

Sis'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  46  miles  below  Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  tannery,  a  barrel-factory,  and  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  364. 

Sistova,  sis-to'v&,  or  Schistab,  shis-t&b',  called  also 
Shtab,  sht&b,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Danube,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nicopolis.  Lat.  43°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  20' 
E.     Pop.  12,000. 

Sis'trnnk,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ala. 

Sit,  sit,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of 
Tver,  flows  E.,  then  N.,  and  joins  the  Mologa  after  a  course 
of  about  80  miles. 

Sitchevka,  Sitchewka,  or  Sichevka,  sitch-dv'k&, 
written  also  Sitshevsk,  Sitschevsk,  and  Sitchevsk, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Smo- 
lensk, on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  4059. 

Sitges,  sit'Hds,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Lat.  41°  16'  N.;  Ion.  1°  54'  E.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
large  clock-tower,  built  by  the  Moors,  an  ancient  castle,  now 
used  as  a  prison,  several  schools,  a  college,  a  music-school, 
a  hospital,  and  2  churches,  one  of  them  on  a  rock  which 
serves  as  a  bastion  and  overhangs  the  sea.     Pop.  3663. 

Sitia,  se-tee'S,,  or  Settia,  sfit-tee'i  (ano.  Cythx'um  t),  a 
town  of  Crete,  on  its  N.  coast,  55  miles  E.  of  Candia.  Near 
it  is  Cape  Sitia,  and  Mount  Sitia  is  directly  S.  of  it,  inland. 

Sitka,  sit'k^,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alaska,  and  one 
of  the  principal  places  in  the  territory,  is  situated  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Barfinoff  Island,  near  lat.  57°  N.  and  Ion.  135"* 
18'  W.  It  is  a  U.  S.  naval  station,  and  has  a  custom-house, 
a  Greco-Russian  church,  a  hospital,  a  hotel,  and  a  school. 
A  steamboat  plies  between  this  place  and  Seattle,  Wash. 
The  principal  business  of  Sitka  is  the  catching  and  curing 
of  salmon.     Pop.  (1890)  1190.     See  also  Baranopf. 

Sitka,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  Ind. 

Sitka,  a  post-office  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich. 

Sitkhin,  sit^Kin',  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.  Lat. 
52°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  176°  2'  W.  It  is  about  25  miles  in  circuit, 
with  a  volcanic  mountain  in  its  centre,  5033  feet  high  and 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Sitkokf,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Shikoku. 

Sitkum,  a  post-office  of  Coos  oo.,  Oregon. 

Sitshevsk,  or  Sitschewka.    See  Sitchevka. 

Sittard,  sit'tart,  or  Sittert,  sit't§rt,  a  town  of  tbr  < 
Netherlands,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  4798. 

Sitten.  the  German  name  of  Sion. 


SIT 


2475 


SKA 


Sit'tingbourne,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.     Pop.  4301. 

Sitzendorf,  sit's^n-doRf  \  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Great  Schmieda,  5  miles  E.  bv  S.  of  Egenburg.  P.  1350. 

Sin-An-Hoa,  se-oo^&n-Ho'i,  a  fortified  city  of  China, 
province  of  Pee-Chee-Lee,  on  the  Yang-Ho,  near  the 
Great  Wall,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Peking,  Its  inhabitants 
manufacture  superior  felt  caps  and  other  woollen  goods. 

Siue-Foong-Shan,  or  Siue-Foang-Chan,see'- 
u-A*-foong-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  the  province  of 
Fo-Kien.     Lat.  26°  35'  N.;  Ion.  119°  5'  E. 

Sine -Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  see' u-&^ -shin'  {i.e., 
"snowy  mountain"),  the  name  of  many  lofty  mountains  in 
China,  whose  summits  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and 
of  which  the  following  are  the  principal : 

Sine-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
in  the  province  of  Shan-See.     Lat.  39°  N. ;  Ion,  111°  30'  E. 

Sine- Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan,     Lat,  25°  68'  N,;  Ion.  102°  52'  E. 

Sine-Shan,  Siue-Chan,YuIoong-Shan,  or  Yu- 
loung-Chan,  yooHoong-sh&n',  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  26°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  20'  B. 

Sine-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  25°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  22'  E. 

Sine-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Kan-Soo.     Lat.  36°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  41'  E. 

Siue-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  27°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  4'  E. 

Siue-Shan,  or  Sine-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen,     Lat,  32°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  52'  E. 

Sine-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen.     Lat,  32°  27'  N, ;   Ion,  103°  4'  E, 

Siuslaw,  si'us-law,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  rises  in 
Lane  co.,  and  runs  first  northwestward.  It  finally  runs 
westward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Douglas  and  Lane  until  it  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Siuslaw,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Lane  co,,  Oregon, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Eugene  City, 

Siut,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Sioot. 

Siva,  or  Siwa,  se-vft'  or  see'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  government  of  Perm,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Kama 
24  miles  N,  of  Sarapool,    Total  course,  100  miles, 

Sivagiri,  a  town  of  India.     See  Shevaqttrrt, 

Sivana,  se-v&'n&,  or  Samadura,  s&-m&-doo'r&,  an 
island  of  India,  formed  by  the  Cavery,  in  the  district  »f 
Coimbatoor,  Length,  9  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  was 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Hindoo  city  of  Ganga  Para,  and  has 
remains  of  several  temples.  The  Cavery  here  forms  two 
fine  cataracts. 

Sivanivasa,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Sibnibas. 

Sivapure,  a  river  of  Venezuela.    See  Suapxire. 

Sivas,  Turkey.    See  Sekvas. 

Sivash,  Sivache,  or  Siwasch,  seeV&sh',  Ghilo- 
more,  or  Pn'trid  Sea,  a  lagoon  on  the  N.  and  E.  sides 
of  the  Crimea,  Russia,  communicating  on  the  N.  with  the 
Sea  of  Azof  by  the  Strait  of  Genitchi,  only  a  furlong  in 
breadth,  and  elsewhere  separated  from  the  sea  by  the  Ara- 
bat,  a  narrow  sandy  tongue  of  land,  70  miles  in  length. 
The  shores  on  its  W.  side  are  extremely  irregular  ;  breadth, 
from  5  to  16  miles ;  it  receives  the  Salghir,  the  principal 
river  of  the  Crimea.  By  an  E.  wind  the  water  of  the  Sea 
of  Azof  is  forced  through  the  strait,  and  often  covers  the 
surface  of  the  lagoon ;  at  other  times  it  presents  only  a 
pestiferous  expanse  of  mud. 

Siv'ell's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 

Siverek,  se-v^h-rflk',  written  also  Sonerek,  a  town 
of  Turkish  Armenia,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Diarbekir. 

Siv'erly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vinton  co,,  0.,  11  miles 
N,N,W.  of  Dondas  Station,     It  has  a  church, 

Siv'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co,,  Tenn,,  1  mile 
from  Boyoe  Station,  and  6  miles  E,  of  Chattanooga.  It  has 
a  church. 

Sivry,  seeVree',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainant,  22 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Mens.     Pop.  3345. 

Sivry- sur-Mense,  seeVree'-siiR-muz,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Meuse,  near  Montfaucon.     Pop.  1013. 

Siwa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Siva. 

Siwah,  an  oasis  of  North  Africa.    See  El  Seewah. 

Siwasch,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Sivash. 

Six  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Coopersville. 

Six  Islands,  Ohagos  Archipelago.    See  Eouont. 

Six  Lakes,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
[Belvidere  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada 
'  Railroad.     It  has  a  saw -mill  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Six  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  aboat  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  2  ohurofaes. 


Six  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  IlL 

Six  Mile,  Jennings  co,,  Ind.    See  Hardenbdro, 

Six  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S,C. 

Six-Mile-Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Clare,  on 
the  Ougarneo,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Limerick.  Pop.  517.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  bridewell,  and  a  market-house. 

Six-Mile-Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  10 
miles  S,S,E,  of  Limerick. 

Six  Mile  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  S,  of  Harbor  Creek  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Six-Mire -Cross,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Tyrone, 
8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pomeroy. 

Six  Mile  Cross,  or  An'derson's  Corners,  a  post- 
village  in  Huntington  co.,  Quebec,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Caughnawaga.     It  has  a  store  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  180. 

Six  Mile  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
on  the  Kenduskeag  River,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
is  comprised  in  the  limits  of  Bangor,  and  has  a  carriage- 
factory,  2  stores,  Ac. 

Six  Mile  Ferry,  Pennsylvania.    See  Hope  Chorch. 

Six  Mile  House,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo. 

Six  Mile  Road,  or  Mills'borough,  a  post-village 
in  Cumberland  co,.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait, 
13  miles  from  Thomson,     Pop.  400. 

Six  Mile  Run,  Bedford  co,,  Pa,    See  Coaldale. 

Six  Nations.    See  Iroquois. 

Six  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn. 

Six  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Emlenton.     It  has  a  church  and  an  oil-well. 

Six  Port'ages,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Gatineau,  80  miles  N.  of  Ottawa,     Pop.  125. 

Six  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona. 

Six  Runs,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Sixteen  Mile  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co., 
0.,  in  Symmes  township,  2i  miles  from  Symmes,  and  16 
miles  N,  of  Cincinnati,     It  has  a  church. 

Sixty  Four,  a  station  in  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 

Sixty  Six,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  South  Carolina  Railroad, 

Sizeboli,  a  town  of  Roumelia,    See  Siseboli. 

Si'zerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  township,  Cam- 
eron CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Shippen  Station, 

Sizun,  see^ziiNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finistdre,  17 
miles  S,W.  of  Morlaix,     Pop,  701, 

Sjaelland,  the  Danish  name  of  Seeland. 

Skagen,  sk&'gh^n  (anc.  Scavenia  7),  a  village  of  Den- 
mark, in  North  Jutland,  on  the  tongue  of  land  which  forma 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  province  and  terminates  in  Cape 
Skaw  or  Skagen.  It  consists  of  3  groups  of  houses,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  carry  on  an  incessant  war  with  the 
sands  which  threaten  to  engulf  them.  The  church  is  already 
buried,  but  its  tower  remains  and  is  an  important  land- 
mark for  mariners.  A  little  to  the  N.  is  an  important  light- 
house, 67  feet  high,  built  of  stone  in  1564.     Pop.  1619. 

Skag'er-Rack,  or  Skag^errak'  (t.e.,  "Skagen- 
Rack,"  the  "  crooked  strait  of  Skagen"),  a  broad  arm  of  the 
North  Sea,  between  Norway  on  the  N.  and  Jutland  on  the 
S.,  communicating  with  the  Cattegat,  of  which  it  is  some- 
times considered  as  the  N,  portion.  Length,  from  W.S.W. 
to  E.N.E.,  about  150  miles ;  breadth,  about  80  miles.  N. 
of  the  Danish  coast  the  depth  varies  from  30  to  40  fathoms, 
near  the  centre  from  60  to  100  fathoms,  and  off  the  Norwe- 
gian coast  in  some  places  exceeds  200  fathoms.  The  stream, 
when  not  interrupted  by  storms,  sets  in  E.  along  the  coast 
of  Jutland  and  W.  along  that  of  Norway.  On  the  former 
coast  there  is  no  secure  anchorage,  but  along  those  of  Swe- 
den and  Norway  good  harbors  abound, 

Skaggs'  Hot  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Sonoma 
00,,  Cal.,  in  the  Coast  Range,  8  miles  W,  of  Geyserville, 
The  water  has  a  temperature  of  120°  Fahr,,  and  contains 
bicarbonate  of  sodium.  Here  is  Skaggs'  Springs  Post-Office. 

Skaggstown,  Tennessee.     See  Roseberrt. 

Skag'it,  a  county  of  Washington,  bordering  on  Paget 
Sound.  It  has  an  area  of  1919  square  miles,  and  is  trav- 
ersed by  two  railroads.  Capital,  Mt.  Vernon.  Pop.  in 
1890,  8747. 

Skagit  River,  rises  in  the  Cascade  range  of  British 
Columbia,  flows  S.  into  Washington,  and  enters  Paget  Sound 
after  traversing  the  main  Cascades  for  20  miles  through  a 
deep  caBon.    Total  length  200  miles,  partly  navigable. 

Skagt5l8-Tind,  sk&g'tSls-tindS  one  of  the  highest  of 
the  Scandinavian  Mountains  in  Norway.  Lat.  61°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  E.     Elevation,  8390  feet. 

Skal'holt,  a  town  of  Iceland,  35  miles  E.  of  Reikiavik. 

Skalitz,  sk&'lits,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  54  miles 


SKA 


2476 


^ir^^St/fU-/.-it<x_. 


SKI 


N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  March.  Pop.  5278.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linen  and  woollen  cloth.  Good  wine  is  raised  in 
its  vicinity. 

SkalkahO)  sk&k'a-ho,  a  post-office  of  Missoula  oo., 
Montana. 

Skamania,  sk^-mS'ne-a,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Washington,  borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  about  1636  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and 
is  drained  by  the  Cathlapootle,  Klikitat,  and  White  Salmon 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  very  mountainous,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  In  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  county  stands  Mount  St.  Helen's,  which  is  about 
12,000  feet  high.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  occupied 
by  mountains  of  the  Cascade  Range.  It  has  also  fertile 
valleys.  Capital,  Cascades.  Pop.  in  1870,  133 ;  in  1880, 
809  ;  in  1890,  774. 

Skamokawa,  ska-mok'a-w%,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Wahkiakum  co.,  Washington. 

Skanderborg)  sk&n'd^r-boRG^  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
Jutland,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Aarhuus.     Pop.  1707. 

Skan'dia,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  117. 

Skane,  a  former  province  of  Sweden.     See  Scania. 

Skaneateles,  skan-e-at'less,  or  Skeneat'eles,  a 
beautiful  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township 
of  its  own  name,  and  at  the  outlet  and  N.  end  of  Skaneat- 
eles  Lake,  7  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Auburn,  and  18  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Syracuse.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  numerous  elegant  residences,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  several  manufactories  of  carriages.  The  outlet  of 
the  lake  affords  abundant  motive-power,  which  is  utilized 
in  several  mills.  A  branch  railroad,  5  miles  long,  connects 
this  village  with  Skaneateles  Junction,  which  is  on  the 
Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1569,-  of  the  township,  4662. 

Skaneateles  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  oo., 
N.T.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Skaneateles.  It  has  2  churches,  2  paper-mills,  and  a  wool- 
len-mill. 

Skaneateles  Junction,  New  York.    See  Hart  Lot. 

Skaneateles  Lake,  New  York,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Cayuga  and  Onondaga  cos.  It  is  about 
15  miles  long,  1^  miles  wide,  and  320  feet  deep.  The 
head  of  the  lake  touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  Cortland  co., 
from  which  it  extends  northwestward  to  the  village  of 
Skaneateles.  Its  outlet  enters  Seneca  River  in  Cayuga  co., 
3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of  Weedsport. 

Skanee,  8k5,-nee',  a  post-village  in  Arvon  township, 
Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  18  miles  N.W.  of  L'Anse.  It  has  a 
church. 

Skapta  (or  Skap'tar)  JOknll,  sk&p'ti,  yo-kool'  (/d- 
kull  signifies  "ice-mountain"),  an  immense  glacier-clad 
mountain  or  group  of  mountains  in  the  S.E.  of  Iceland, 
noted  for  its  tremendous  volcanic  eruptions. 

Skara,  sk3,'r&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  27  miles  S.W. 
of  Mariestad.  Pop.  2916.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  college 
with  botanic  gardens,  and  a  veterinary  school.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Skaraborg,  a  Isen  of  Sweden.     See  Mariestad. 

Skaro,  ski'ro,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  a  promontory  of 
the  same  name,  projecting  from  the  W.  side  of  the  island 
of  Santorini.  The  houses,  mostly  ruined  by  volcanic  agency, 
fcrm  an  extraordinary  group  around  a  crag,  1000  feet  above 
the  gulf,  perched  one  over  another  in  crevices  in  the  sides 
of  the  precipices  and  in  the  most  frightful  positions. 

Skarzewo,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schoneck. 

Skaw,  The,  Denmark.    See  Cape  Skagbn. 

Skeel's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  oo.,  0. 

Skeen,  skin,  or  Skien,  skeen  (?),  a  town  of  Norway, 
capital  of  Bratsberg,  on  the  Skeenself,  7  miles  N.  of  Pors- 
grund.     Pop.  4024. 

Skeg^ness',  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  on 
the  E.  coast,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Spilsby.  It  is  much  re- 
sorted to  as  a  summer  residence. 

Skeinah,  ski'na,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Skellefte&,  sk5l-15f'te-o,  or  Sildal,  sil'dil,  a  river 
of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Westerbotten,  rises  in  the  Stor-Afvan 
Lake,  flows  S.B.,  and,  after  a  course  of  120  miles,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  70  miles  N.  of  Umeft. 

Skellefte&,  a  village  and  parish  of  Sweden,  laen  of 
i^esterbotten,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Umei,  on  the  river  Skel- 
lefte&,  near  its  mouth. 

Skel'ley's,  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Selma, 
Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Dalton. 

Skelley's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan- 
Handle  Railroad,  16J  miles  W.  of  Steubenville. 

Skel'ligs,  three  rocky  islets  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Kerry,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  9  miles  S.W.  of 


Brea  Head,  Valentia  Island.  The  Great  Skellig  rises  ab- 
ruptly to  710  feet  in  height,  and  has  two  light-houses  iipot 
it,  one  650  feet  and  the  other  371  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat. 
61°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  32'  W. 

Skel'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Logan  co..  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &,  Western  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.  of  Lincoln. 

Skeneateles,  New  York.    See  Skaneateles. 

Skenninge,  skSn'mng^gh^h,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen 
and  20  miles  W.  of  Linkoping.     Pop.  1551. 

Sker'ries,  an  islet  in  the  Irish  Sea,  off  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Anglesey,  with  a  light-house.  Lat.  63°  25'  3"  N. ;  Ion. 
4°  36'  5"  W.     Elevation,  117  feet. 

Sker'ries,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Dublin,  on  a  headland,  |  of  a  mile  E.  of  the  Dublin  & 
Drogheda  Railway.  Pop.  2236.  Opposite  the  town  are  4 
islets,  called  the  Skerries.  Skerries  is  a  general  name  in 
Scotland  for  isolated  sea-girt  rocks.  The  Out  Skerries 
are  3  islets  in  the  extreme  E.  of  Shetland,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Fetlar.     See  also  Pentland  Skerries. 

Sker'row,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Skerrow. 

Sker'ryvore  Light-House,  Hebrides,  Scotland,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Tiree  Island.  Lat.  66°  19'  22"  N. ;  Ion.  7° 
6'  32"  W.     Elevation,  150  feet.     It  has  a  revolving  light. 

Skiatho,  skee'i.-tho  (anc.  Seiathxu),  one  of  the  North 
Sporades,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  government  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Euboea,  in  the  ^gean  Sea,  near  the  entrance 
of  the  Channel  of  Trikeri.  Lat.  39°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  35' 
E.  Length  and  breadth,  4  miles  each.  On  its  N.  side  is 
the  village  of  Skiatho. 

Skib^bereen',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Cork,  on  the  Hen.  Pop.  3695.  It  has  a  good  church, 
several  schools,  a  bridewell,  workhouse,  barracks,  and  sev- 
eral large  flour-mills.  Its  port  is  at  Aldcourt,  2  miles  lower 
down  the  river,  where  vessels  of  200  tons  load  and  unload. 
The  principal  exports  are  corn,  flour,  meal,  and  provisions. 

Skid'daw,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 

4  miles  N.  of  Keswick.     Elevation,  3022  feet. 
Skid'dy,  a  village  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  on  Clark's 

Creek  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  (Neosho 
division),  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Camden  Post-Office. 

Skid'more,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Skielskor,  skeels'kor,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Seeland,  10  miles  S.  of  Slagelse.     Pop.  1533 

Skien,  a  town  of  Norway.     See  Skeen. 

Skierniwice,  sk'ydR-ne-<^eet'6&,  a  town  of  Poland, 
government  of  Warsaw,  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw  by 
railway.  Pop.  5038.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  linens. 

Skilesville,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.     See  Sktlesville. 

Skill'et  Fork,  a  river  of  Illinois,  rises  in  Clay  and 
Marion  cos.,  runs  southeastward  through  Wayne  co.,  and 
enters  the  Little  Wabash  River  in  White  co.,  about  5  miles 
above  Carmi.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Skill'man,  a  station  in  Somerset  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware &,  Bound  Brook  Bnilroad,  16^  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Trenton. 

Skin^bnrness',  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, on  Solway  Firth,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Silloth.  It  is  a 
watering-place. 

Skinersbnrg,  ski'n§rz-bQrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott 
CO.,  Ky.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  a  store. 

Skin'ner,  a  post-office  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  about  5  milM 
W.  of  Monroe. 

Skinner's  Eddy,  a  post- village  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Pennsylvania  &  New 
York  Railroad,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tunkhannock.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  lumber-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Skin'ner's  Pond,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  15  miles  from  Alberton.     Pop.  100. 

Skinner's  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Skin'nerville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamsburg  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  near  Williamsburg  Station.  It  was 
a  flourishing  village,  with  a  silk-factory,  but  in  1874  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  a  flood. 

Skinnerville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  St.  Regis  River,  li  miles  from  Stock- 
holm Station.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Skinnerville,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  868. 

Skino,  skee'no,  or  Skinosa,  ske-no's&  (anc.  Schinu'ta, 
or  Sohiniis'sa),  a  small  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 

5  miles  S.  of  Naxos. 

Skin  Quar'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Mattoax  Station.     It  has  2  stores. 
Skio,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Scio. 


SKI 


2477 


SLA 


Skip'anon)  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Astoria. 

Skip'packy  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Perkiomen  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Perkiomen  Railroad.  It  has  a 
ohuroh,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactureft  of  cigars  and 
washing-machines.     Pop.  about  450. 

Skippack  Creek,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  enters  Per- 
kiomen  Creek  about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Skip'per's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Erath  oo.,  Tex. 

Skip'perville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  S.  of  Clayton.     Pop.  about  100. 

Skip'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  a  railway,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bradford.  Pop.  6042.  It 
has  a  large  church,  a  grammar-school,  manufactures  of 
cotton  goods,  and  an  active  trade,  facilitated  by  the  Leeds 
&  Liverpool  Canal. 

Skip'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  about  26 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  i  of  a  mile  from  a  nav- 
igable inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Skive,  skee'v^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Viborg.     Pop.  2059. 

Skirra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Skvira. 

Skjold,  sk'yold,  a  post-office  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D. 

Skofde,  skof'd^h,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  21  miles 
S.W.  of  Mariestad.     Pop.  2731. 

Skoko'mish,  a  small  river  of  Washington,  is  formed 
by  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in  Mason  co. 
It  enters  Hood's  Canal  about  10  miles  from  the  junction  of 
its  forks.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

Skokomish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Washington, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Oakland. 

Skole,  sko'I^h,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Glalicia,  24  miles 
S.W.  of  Stry,  on  the  Opor.     Pop.  1953. 

Sko'mywong,  a  small  river  of  Marathon  co..  Wis., 
flowing  S.W.  into  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Skookumchuck,  Washington.     See  Cbntretille. 

Skopelo,  skop'i-lo,  or  Scopello,  skop'Sl-lo,  one  of 
the  Sporades  Islands,  in  Greece,  15  miles  N.  of  Euboea,  la 
the  ^gean  Sea.  Area,  32  square  miles.  Pop.  3760.  Prin- 
cipal product,  wine. 

Skopelo,  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  above  island, 
with  an  indififerent  harbor. 

Skopia,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Uskup. 

Skopin,  sko-pin'  or  sko-peen',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  52  miles  S.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Werda.  Pop. 
9447.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 

Skotschau,  skot'shSw,  written  also  Skotschaw,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Teschen,  on  the 
Vistula.     Pop.  2612. 

Skowhe'gan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somerset  co.. 
Me.,  in  Skowhegan  township,  on  both  sides  of  the  Kenne- 
bec River,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Augusta,  and  about  50 
miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  West  Branch 
of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  a  fine  court- 
house, 6  or  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  1 
or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  combined  academy  and  high  school, 
a  paper-mill,  2  flour-mills,  2  foundries,  2  manufactories  of 
oil-cloth,  2  axe-factories,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
B  saw-mill.  The  river  here  falls  28  feet  perpendicular. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  5068. 

Skrain'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  Mo.,  about 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Frederioktown. 

Skreen,  skreen,  or  Skryne,  skriu,  a  parish  and  vil- 
lage of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co.  of  Meath.     Pop.  638. 

Skrinice,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Weckersdorf. 

Skucz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Skutsch. 

Skulany,  or  Sculani,  skoo-l&'nee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Bessarabia,  on  the  Furth,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Yassy. 

Skill I'fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Skull  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.C.,  near 
Broad  River,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Union. 

Skunk  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Hamilton  oo.,  and  runs 
■outhward  through  Story  co.  Its  general  direction  is  south- 
eastward. It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Jasper,  Mahaska,  Keo- 
kuk, and  Henry,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  9 
miles  below  Burlington.  It  is  nearly  275  miles  long.  The 
upper  part  of  this  river  is  sometimes  called  South  Skunk. 
Tne  North  Skunk  rises  in  Marshall  oo.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  joins  the  main  river  in  Keokuk  oo.,  about  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Sigourney. 

Skutari,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Scutari. 

Skutsch,  or  Skucz,  skootch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  2980. 

Skvira,  SkAVira,  skvee'r&,  or  Skivra,  skiv'ri,  a  town 
of  Russia,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  10,061. 


Skwierzyna,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Schwerin. 

Skye,  ski,  the  largest  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  from  the  mainland  of  which  it 
is  separated  by  the  narrow  strait  of  Loch  Alsh.  Breadth 
very  irregular,  varying  from  4i  miles  to  23  miles,  it  being 
indented  by  Lochs  Snizort,  Follart,  and  Bracadale,  and  by 
smaller  inlets.  Estimated  area,  about  547  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  mountainous ;  many  heights  in  the  centre 
rise  to  between  2000  and  3000  feet  above  the  sea,  among 
which  the  Cuchullin  Hills  are  conspicuous.  Its  N.  part  and 
shores  are  bold  and  strikingly  picturesque.  It  is  composed 
chiefly  of  trap  rocks,  quartz,  limestone,  old  red  sandstone, 
and  lias.  Rivulets  and  small  lakes  are  numerous.  The 
climate  is  very  moist  and  variable ;  rain  falls  three  out  of 
every  four  days.  Most  part  of  the  island  is  useless  for  agri- 
culture. The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  in  a  very 
impoverished  state.  Cattle,  fish,  and  kelp  are  the  chief 
exports.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  of  Gaelic  descent. 
The  island  contains  many  Danish  antiquities.  Principal 
villages,  Portree,  Stein,  Kyle-Haken,  Broadford,  Oronsay, 
Armadale,  and  Uig.     Pop.  17,330. 

Skye,  ski,  a  post- village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  N.  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  100. 

Sky'berg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Kenyon  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Claremont.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  store. 

Skylesville,  or  Skilesville,  sklls'vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green  River,  12  miles  S.  of 
Beaver  Dam.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Skyros,  skee'ros  (anc.  Scy'roa),  an  island  of  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  in  the  ^gean  Sea,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Cape  Kili,  in  Euboea.  Length,  17  miles;  breadth,  from 
2  to  7  miles.  Area,  60  square  miles.  Pop.  3029.  It  is 
separated  into  two  parts  by  an  isthmus.  Its  S.  peninsula 
rises  to  2566  feet  above  the  sea ;  its  N.  part  is  more  level, 
and  productive  of  corn,  wine,  and  madder;  wheat  and 
barley  are  exported,  with  madder-roots,  wax,  honey,  and 
oranges.  Fir  and  oak  wood  are  plentiful.  Goats  are  of  a 
very  superior  breed.  The  only  town,  St.  George,  stands  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  island,  and  contains  most  of  the  popu- 
lation of  the  island.  Seven  miles  W.  is  Skyro-Podlo,  a 
rocky  islet,  617  feet  in  height. 

Skywam'ish  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  runs  westward,  and  unites  with  the  Snoqual- 
mie  to  form  the  Snohomish  River. 

SI  a,  a  seaport  town  of  Morocco.     See  Sale. 

Slab,  a  hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  near  the  Susquehanna 
River,  2  miles  from  Woodbine  Station  of  the  Peaoh  Bottom 
Railroad.     It  has  10  or  12  houses. 

Slab  City,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Slack,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Ky. 

Slack  Cation,  kan'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cul.,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Soledad. 

Slack'water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  on 
Conestoga  Creek,  5  miles  below  Lancaster.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill. 

Slade  River,  Labrador.    See  East  Main  River. 

Slade's,  slSdz,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
of  Mobile. 

Sladesburg,  slads'b&rg,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.. 
Wis.,  12  miles  N.  of  Boscobel. 

Slade's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenosha  co.,  Wis., 
in  Wheatland  township,  5  miles  from  Bassett's  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Sladesville,  sladz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Newbem.     It  has  3  churches. 

Slagelse,  sl&'gh^l-sfh,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of 
Seeland,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Corsoer.     Pop.  5468. 

Slagle,  sla'gh^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  on 
South  Skunk  River,  4  miles  from  Delta.   It  has  a  floar-mill. 

Slagle,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Mo. 

Slane,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Meath,  on  the  Boyne, 
8  miles  W.  of  Drogheda.     Pop.  473. 

Slanesville,  sl&ns'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  14  miles  S.E.  of  South  Branch  Depot.  It  has 
a  church. 

Slan'ey,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Wickloir, 
flows  mostly  S.  through  the  cos.  of  Carlow  and  Wexford, 
and  expands  into  Wexford  Harbor.  It  is  navigable  to 
Enniscorthy.     Length,  60  miles. 

Slano,  sl&'no,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  on  the  sea,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Ragusa. 

SI  any,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schlan. 

Slash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  in  Greei.  town- 
ship, 7  miles  S.  of  Mier  Station,  and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Lo- 
gansport.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 


SLA 


2478 


SLE 


Slate,  a  post-office  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Slate  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  on  Sal- 
mon River,  at  the  mouth  of  Slate  Creek. 

Slate  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 

Slate'ford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Edinburgh,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Edinburgh.    Pop.  647. 

Slateford,  8lat'f9rd,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  1  mile  below  the  Water  Gap, 
and  li  miles  above  Portland.  It  is  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  40 
dwellings,  2  manufactories  of  school-slates,  and  several 
slate-quarries.     Pop.  250. 

Slate  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wawa- 
yanda  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam 
mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Slate  Hill,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Delta  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Lan- 
caster. It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  slate,  and  a 
slate-quarry. 

Slate  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Slate  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahannoek  co.,  Ya., 
13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Culpeper  Court-House.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Slate  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Moun- 
tains, in  lat.  39°  N.,  Ion.  107°  6'  W.  Altitude,  12,891  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     It  is  partly  composed  of  slate. 

Sla'ter,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  on  a  railroad, 
12  miles  W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank, 
a  flour-mill,  <l;c.     Pop.  in  1890,  2400. 

Slate  River,  Virginia,  a  small  stream,  which  runs 
northeastward  through  Buckingham  co.,  and  enters  the 
James  River  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Soottsville. 

Slate  River  Mills,  post-office,  Buckingham  co.,  Ya. 

Sla'tersville,  a  post-office  of  Weber  co.,  Utah. 

Sla'terville,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ithaca,  on  the  N.  border  of  Caroline  town- 
ship.    It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  magnetic  spring. 

Slaterville,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Smithfield  township,  about  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  water-power  and  several  ootton-mills, 
also  a  bank  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Slate  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss.,  28 
miles  E.  of  Grenada.  It  contains  a  college,  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Slatesville,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.^  Ya. 

Slatina,  sl&-tee'n&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Aloota, 
100  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  5550. 

Sla'tington,  a  post-borough  in  Washington  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  and 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allentown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  and 
quarries  of  slate,  which  is  of  fine  quality.  Nearly  500  men 
are  employed  here  in  the  production  of  roofing-slates,  school- 
slates,  &c.     Pop.  in  1880,  1634  ;  in  1890,  2716. 

Slatousk,  or  Slatoustofsk.     See  Zlatoosk. 

Sla'ty  Point,  a  post-office  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Tenn. 

Slaughter,  slaw't^r,  a  post-office  of  Kent  oo.,  Del.,  on 
the  Maryland  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Wilmington. 

Slaughter,  a  post-office  of  King  oo.,  Washington. 

Slaughter's  Creek,  Texas,  enters  the  Colorado  in 
the  lower  part  of  Travis  co. 

Slaughtersville,  slaw't^rz-vll,  a  post- village  of  Web- 
ster CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  at 
Slaughter's  Station,  27  miles  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Slaughtersville,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Lampasas  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Lampasas. 

Slaupnicz,  sldwp'nitch,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  6  miles 
from  Leitomischl.     Pop.  3275. 

Slave  Coast  is  that  portion  of  the  Guinea  Coast  be- 
tween the  Lagos  and  Volta  Rivers,  which  separate  it  re- 
spectively from  Benin  on  the  E.  and  the  Gold  Coast  on 
the  W. 

Slavianoserbsk,  slA-ve-i-no-sfiRbsk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  180  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav, 
on  the  Donets.     Pop.  3156. 

Slavonia,  sli-vo'ne-a,  or  Sclavonia,  skli-vo'ne-a, 
sailed  by  the  natives  Slavonska,  sl&-von'sk&  (Ger.  Sla- 
vonien,  sli-vo'ne-^n ;  Fr.  Slavonie,  sliVo^nee' ;  Hung.  T6- 
torz&g),  a  titular  kingdom  of  Austro-Hungary,  in  Trans- 
leithania,  now  forming  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Croatia  and 
Slavonia,  bounded  N.  by  Hungary,  E.  by  the   Banat  of 


Hungary,  S.  by  Bosnia,  and  W.  by  Croatia.  Area,  S656 
square  miles.  It  is  of  a  very  irregular  form,  stretching 
from  W.  to  E.  for  190  miles,  while  its  average  breadth  does 
not  exceed  40  miles.  Its  natural  boundaries,  however,  are 
well  defined  by  great  rivers, — the  Drave  on  the  N.,  the  Save 
on  the  S.,  and  their  junction  with  the  Danube  on  the  E.  A 
branch  of  the  Carnic  Alps,  entering  Slavonia  from  Croatia 
on  the  W.,  traverses  it  throughout  its  whole  length,  form- 
ing the  watershed  between  the  Drave  and  the  Save,  sending 
down  numerous  small  streams  into  each,  and  terminating 
somewhat  abruptly  on  reaching  the  banks  of  the  Danube. 
Mount  Papuk,  the  culminating  point  of  the  chain,  is  not 
more  than  2700  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Danube.  On  either 
side  the  mountains  slope  rapidly,  and  give  place  to  a  suc- 
cession first  of  lower  hills  and  valleys,  presenting  a  beauti- 
fully undulating  surface,  clothed  with  verdure  or  covered 
with  orchards,  and  then  of  plains,  which  extend  without 
interruption  to  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  in  some  parts  inun- 
dated twice  and  thrice  a  year.  The  tracts  thus  exposed 
form  meadows  on  which  large  herds  of  horses,  cattle,  and 
swine  are  reared.  The  soil  is  almost  throughout  of  remark- 
able fertility.  Grain,  fruit,  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  liquorice, 
and  madder  are  extensively  raised.  The  minerals  include 
several  mines  of  copper  and  argentiferous  lead,  abundance 
of  iron,  and  exhaustless  supplies  of  beautiful  marble.  The 
inhabitants  are  generally  ignorant,  and  of  unsettled  habits. 
In  the  part  of  their  country  belonging  to  the  military  fron- 
tier, every  man  capable  of  bearing  arms  is  a  soldier.  There 
are  no  manufactures  deserving  the  name,  but  the  transit 
trade  along  the  navigable  rivers  within  which  the  country 
is  enclosed  is  considerable.    Capital,  Eszek.    Pop.  381,480. 

Slavonia  is  the  only  country  which  has  preserved  the 
name  of  the  great  Slavic  stock.  The  inhabitants  call  their 
country  Slavonska,  and  themselves  Slavonatz,  and  speak 
the  so-called  Illyrian  tongue,  which,  under  a  great  variety 
of  dialects,  prevails  in  many  counties  of  Hungary,  and  in 
parts  of  Croatia,  Dalmatia,  Servia,  Bosnia,  and  Herzego- 
vina. The  country  is  divided  into  civil  and  military  Sla- 
vonia.     (See  MiLiTART  Froktier.) Adj.  Slavonian, 

sla-vo'ne-an,  Slavon'ic;  inhab.  Slavonian.  (The  adj. 
Slavonian  is  often  applied  to  the  whole  Slavic  race,  in  which 
are  included  Russians,  Poles,  Wends,  and  many  others). 

Slawkow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Austerlitz. 

Slawkow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schlaggenwald. 

Slayden's  (sia'd^nz)  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Marshall  co..  Miss.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Holly  Springs.  It 
has  a  church. 

Sleaford  (slee'ffrd).  New,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
Lincoln,  on  the  Slea,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  Pop. 
3592.    It  has  a  church,  a  town  hall,  and  a  grammar-school. 

Sledge  Island,  Alaska.    See  Aziak  Island. 

Sleep'er,  a  station  in  Laclede  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis 
&  San  Francisco  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Sleeping  Bear,  a  headland  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Glen  Haven. 

Slee'py  Creek  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
W.  Ya.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  117  miles  W. 
of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sleepy  Eye,  a  post-village,  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Home  township,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  at  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Minnesota  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  W. 
of  New  Ulm,  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Here  is  Sleepy 
Eye  Lake  Station. 

Sleepy  Eye  Creek,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Redwood  co., 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  Cottonwood  River  in  Brown  co. 

Sleepy  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Mount  Pleasant  town 
ship,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.  The  Dutch  church  at  this 
place  was  erected  in  1699. 

Sleepy  Hollow,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C 
Pop.  1319. 

Sleightsburg,  slits'burg,  a  village  in  Esopus  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Rondout  Creek,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston.  It  is 
separated  from  Rondout  by  Rondout  Creek.  It  has  a  ship- 
yard, and.a  manufactory  of  velocipedes,  sleds,  &c.  Pop.  300. 

Slem'ons,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Sles'wick  (Ger.  Schleswig,  shlls'^ftio;  Dan.  Slesvig, 
slfis'vie),  a  former  duchy  of  the  kingdom  of  Denmark,  com- 
prising the  S.  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Jutland,  separated 
on  the  N.  by  the  Eonge  River  from  Jutland  proper,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Eider  and  the  Holstein  Canal  from  the  duchy 
of  Holstein,  having  E.  the  Baltic  and  the  Little  Belt,  in 
which  it  comprises  the  island  of  Alsen,  and  W.  the  North 
Sea,  in  which  are  the  islands  of  Romoe,  Silt,  Fohr,  Pel- 
worm,  Nordstrand,  Ac.  It  was  conquered  by  the  Austriana 
and  Prussians  in  1863-64,  and  in  1866  was  merged  in  the 


SLE 


2479 


SLO 


new  Prussian  province  of  Sleawiok-Holstein.  The  present 
government  of  Sleswick  is  identical  with  the  province  of 
Sleswick-Holstein. 

Sleswick,  Schleswig,  or  Slesvig,  a  seaport  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  Sley,  a  narrow 
inlet  of  the  Baltic,  21  miles  from  the  sea,  and  70  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Hamburg.  Lat.  54°  31'  11"  N.j  Ion.  9°  34' 
45"  E,  It  comprises  a  town  proper  and  suburbs,  is  neatly 
built  in  the  style  of  a  Dutch  town,  and  has  a  cathedral  and 
2  other  churches,  lunatic,  deaf  and  dumb,  and  other  asylums, 
manufactures  of  lace,  woollen  stuffs,  earthenwares,  leather, 
and  sugar,  and  9  annual  fairs.  Its  harbor,  though  improved, 
is  accessible  only  to  small  vessels.  The  town  is  the  oldest 
in  Sleswick,  and  was  long  its  capital.     Pop.  14,546. 

Sles'wick-Holsteinyhol'stlne,  aprovinceof  Prussia, 
formed  in  1866  by  the  union  of  the  duchies  of  Holstein  and 
Sleswick,  and  augmented  in  1876  by  the  addition  of  Lauen- 
burg,  all  three  formerly  under  the  kingdom  of  Denmark. 
Area,  7218  square  miles.  The  German  language  is  prevalent, 
but  in  the  N.  Danish  and  in  the  W.  Frisian  are  spoken. 
The  surface  is  low  and  flat ;  the  whole  of  the  W.  coast  is 
protected  by  large  dikes  against  irruptions  of  the  sea.  The 
soil  is  not  generally  fertile,  except  in  the  E.  Rye,  barley, 
and  other  grains  are  raised  more  than  suflScient  for  home 
consumption.  Timber  is  scarce,  but  turf  abundant.  The 
breeding  of  cattle  and  horses  is  important ;  live-stock,  but- 
ter, and  cheese  are  the  principal  exports.  The  fisheries  are 
active,  chiefly  in  the  North  Sea.  Manufactures  are  nearly 
confined  to  the  towns,  the  chief  of  which  are  Sleswick, 
Flensburg,  Husum,  Apenrade,  Hadersleben,  and  Christians- 
feld.     Capital,  Kiel.     Pop.  (1890)  1,217,437. 

Sley,  The,  or  Schlei,  shli,  or  Schleswiger  Fiord, 
shlSs'^e-gh^r  fe-oRd',  a  narrow  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Sleswick,  which  it  penetrates  in  a  S.W.  direction 
for  21  miles,  to  the  town  of  Sleswick.  It  is  very  shallow, 
having  only  from  6  to  9  feet  of  water  at  the  entrance. 

Sleydinge,  sli'ding^^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  7  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Ghent,  with  manufactures 
of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  candles,  vinegar,  and 
oil,  breweries,  flour-mills,  and  dye-works.     Pop.  4971. 

Slick'away,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  250. 

slick  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  60. 

Slide,  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.    See  Springville. 

Slidre,  slee'dr^h,  a  village  of  Norway,  95  miles  N.W.  of 
Christiania.     Pop.  3200. 

Sliedrecht,  slee'dr^Kt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
South  Holland,  on  the  Meuse,  4  miles  E.  of  Dort.    P.  7738. 

Slieve  (sleev)  Beg,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  2i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newcastle. 

Slieve  Car,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  be- 
tween Lough  Conn  and  Blacksod  Bay. 

Slieve  Don'ard,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
on  the  S.W.  side  of  Dundrum  Bay,  2  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
castle.   Height,  2796  feet. 

Sligo,  sli'go,  a  county  of  Ireland,  having  on  the  N.W. 
and  N.  the  bays  of  Killala,  Sligo,  and  Donegal.  Area,  722 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  greatly  diversified;  moun- 
tains and  bogs  are  interspersed  with  some  level  tracts  and 
fertile  land.  The  county  comprises  Loughs  Arrow,  Gill, 
and  a  part  of  Gara ;  principal  rivers,  the  Arrow  and  Moy, 
which  latter  forms  the  W.  boundary.  Principal  crops,  oats 
and  potatoes,  with  some  wheat.  Coarse  linens  and  woollens 
are  manufactured.  Capital,  Sligo.  The  county  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  98,013. 

Sligo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  at  the  head  of  Sligo  Bay,  69  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lon- 
donderry, and  131  miles  N.W.  of  Dublin.  Lat.  54°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  28'  W.  It  has  markets  and  large  stores.  It  is 
lighted  with  gas,  and  well  supplied  with  water.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  the  court-house,  prison,  infirmary,  hospi- 
tal, workhouse,  constabulary  barrack,  and  a  lunatic  asylum, 
and  it  has  Protestant  churches,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and 
a  friary  church.  The  manufactures  are  linen,  flour,  meal, 
soap,  candles,  ropes,  whisky,  and  beer.  The  harbor  has  been 
much  extended  and  improved.  Vessels  of  large  draught 
have  to  anchor  in  the  pool,  which  is  safe  and  secure,  but 
inconvenient  for  discharging  or  taking  cargoes.  The  ex- 
ports consist  chiefly  of  provisions,  grain,  flour,  linen  yarns, 
&o.;  and  the  imports,  of  colonial  produce,  timber,  coals, 
iron,  and  salt.     Pop.  in  1881,  10,808 ;  in  1891,  10,274. 

Sli'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and  i  mile  from  Silver  Spring 
Station.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  maonine- 
Pop.  100. 


Sligo,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  township,  Clinton  co.,  0.,  1 
mile  from  Ogden.     It  has  a  church. 

Sligo,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sligo,  a  post-borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Piney  town- 
ship, on  the  Sligo  Branch  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  about  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Clarion.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-furnace.  It  is  a 
shipping-point  for  oil.     Pop.  about  600. 

Sligo  JBay,  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Sligo,  about  6  miles  across 
at  its  opening,  penetrates  the  land  by  various  arms ;  at  the 
head  of  the  two  chief  ones  are  Sligo  and  Ballysadare,  both 
about  12  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  bay.  It  has  from 
3  to  20  fathoms  of  water,  and  a  sandy  shore. 

Sling'erlands,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church. 

Slip'pery  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  CaL« 
20  miles  E.  of  Placerville. 

Slippery  Rock,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Centreville. 

Slippery  Rock,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa. 
Pop. 1778. 

Slippery  Rock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  But- 
ler CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Lawrence  co.,  and 
enters  the  Beaver  River  about  12  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It 
is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Sli'ter's  Corners,  a  village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Sand  Lake  township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  » 
cotton-mill,  a  paper-mill,  &c. 

Sloan,  slon,  a  post-village  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Sloan  township,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Sloans,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2206. 

Sloan's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  0.,  in 
Knox  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  k 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  fire-bricks  and  terra-cotta.     Pop.  476. 

Sloan's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  1 
mile  from  Willow  Tree  Station.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Sloansville,  slonz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Esperance 
township,  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  near  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Central  Bridge  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sloats'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  Ramapo  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J.  It  has  a  church,  a 
woollen-factory,  Ac. 

Slobodisch  Ukraine,  Russia.    See  Ehareov. 

Slobodskoi,  or  Slobodskoj,  slob-ods-koi',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Viatka,  on  the 
Viatka.  Pop.  7198.  It  has  numerous  churches  and  a  mon- 
astery, and  a  trade  in  corn  and  linseed. 

Slobodzia,  slo-bod'ze-&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Jalomnitza,  60  miles  E.  of  Bucharest. 

Slo'cum,  a  post-township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  Pop.  317.  Slocum  Post-Offioe 
is  3  miles  from  Newport  Station. 

Slocum  Junction,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Detroit  River,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit. 

Slocnm's,  a  station  in  Scioto  co.,  0-,  on  the  Marietta  A 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Slocnm's  Grove,  a  post-officeof  Muskegon  co.,  Mioh., 
about  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Slo'cumville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I., 
in  North  Kingstown  township,  on  the  Stonington  <fc  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  at  Slooum's  Station,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  40. 

Sloe,  Netherlands.    See  Hbt  Sloe. 

Slokutchin,  slo-koot'chin,  a  village  of  Bulgaria,  S.W. 
of  Nicopolis. 

Slo'nim,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  72  miles 
S.E.  of  Grodno.  Pop.  11,596.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
synagogue,  a  school  for  nobles,  and  varioxis  factories. 

Slootch,  Sloutch,  or  Slutsch,  slootch,  a  river  of 
Russia,  Volhynia,  rises  near  Staro  Constantinov,  flows  N., 
and  joins  the  Gorin  in  a  marsh,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Slootch,  Sloutch,  or  Slutsch,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Minsk,  flows  S.  past  Slootsk,  and  joins  th« 
Pripets  60  miles  E.  of  Pinsk.     Length,  80  miles. 

Slootsk,  Sloutsk,  Slutsk,  or  Slutzk,  slootsk,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  63  miles  S.W.  of  Minsk, 
on  the  Slootch,  near  its  source.  Pop.  9922.  Except  its 
churches,  convents,  Ac.,  it  is  built  of  wood.  It  has  a  higk 
school. 


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2480 


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Sloten,  or  Slooten,  sl3't§n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  near  the  Zuyder  Zee  and  the  Lake  of 
"^loten,  12  miles  E.  of  Stavoren,     Pop.  of  commune,  3063. 

Sloagh,  slSw,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Bucks,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  2i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Windsor. 
It  has  an  astronomical  observatory,  where  was  erected  the 
great  telescope  of  Herschel,  and  an  orphan-house.    P.  4909. 

Slontch)  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Slootch. 

Slo'vaii)  a  post-oflSce  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis. 

Slnis,  or  Sluys,  slois  (Fr.  L'Ecluee,  li^klUz')>  a-town  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  on  the  Belgian  frontier,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Bruges,     Pop.  of  commune,  9750. 

SlukenoW)  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schhickenaij. 

Slush'er's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Slutch,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Slootch. 

Slntsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Slootsk. 

Smaalenene,  smaw-14-ni'ni,  a  province  or  amt  of 
Norway,  bounded  E.  by  Sweden,  and  S.W.  by  the  Christi- 
ania  Fiord.  Area,  1547  square  miles.  Capital,  Fredericks- 
hald.     Pop.  107,084. 

Sm&Iand,  smo'lind,  or  Smo'land,  a  former  province 
occupying  the  S.E.  part  of  Sweden,  now  divided  into  the 
districts  or  Isens  of  Kalmar,  Wexib,  and  JSnkbping. 

Small  Isles,  a  group  and  parish  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Argyle  and  Inverness,  comprising  the  islands  of  Eig,  Rum, 
Canna,  and  Muck.     Pop.  522. 

Small  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  co.,  Me.,  on 
Cape  Small  Point,  and  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  12  miles  S. 
of  Bath.     It  has  a  church. 

Small's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Chowan  co.,  N.C. 

Small'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
near  Vance's  Station  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham. 

Smallwood,  a  township  of  Jasper  oo..  111.     Pop.  993. 

Smallwood,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Smarr's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Macon. 

Smartt's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  McMinnville  &  Manchester  Railroad. 

Smart'ville,  a  post- village  of  Yuba  oo.,  Cal.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are  rich  gold- 
mines, called  gravel-mines. 

Smartville,  a  village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Boylston 
township,  5  miles  from  Sandy  Creek  Junction.  It  has  a 
church,  a  large  lumber-mill,  and  25  houses. 

Smeinogorsk,  or  Zmeinogorsk,  zmi-no-gorsk', 
written  also  Smieinjorsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Tomsk,     It  has  silver-mines  and  smelting-works. 

Smel'ser,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1330, 
It  contains  the  village  of  Georgetown. 

Smeth'port,  a  post- village,  capital  of  McKean  co.,  Pa,, 
in  Keating  township,  on  Potato  Creek,  and  on  the  McKean 
&  Buffalo  Railroad,  26^  miles  S.  of  Clean,  N.Y.,  and  about 
25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1150. 

Smichew,  smiK'Sv,  or  SmiKOW,  smee'kov,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  so  near  Prague  as  to  be  almost  its  suburb. 
Pop.  15,382. 

Smicks'barg,  a  post-village  in  West  Mahoning  town- 
ship, Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on  Little  Mahoning  Creek,  20  miles 
N,  of  Indiana.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  300. 

Smidar,  smee'dar,  or  Smidary,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
3  miles  N.  of  Neu-Bidschow,     Pop,  1835. 

Smieiiyorsk,  Siberia.    See  Smeinogorsk. 

Smiev,  sme-fiv',  written  also  Smijew,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Kharkov,  on  the 
Donets.     Pop.  4050. 

Smi'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in  Gibson 
township,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Carbondale. 

Smi'leytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  N,N.E.  of  Bardstown,     It  has  3  churches. 

Smiritz,  smee'rits,  or  Smiercicze,  sm'ySRt-see'chi, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  from  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1708. 

Smith,  an  island  in  the  Antarctic,  the  westernmost  of 
the  South  Shetlands,  in  lat.  63°  2'  S,,  Ion.  62°  47'  W. 

Smith,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Beaver,  Cedar,  and  Oak  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  it 
is  prairie,  which  produces  good  natural  pasture.  Indian 
corn  and  wheat  are  among  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
abounds  here.  Capital,  Smith  Centre,  Pop.  in  1870,  66 ; 
in  1880,  13,883 ;  in  1890,  15,613. 


Smith,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Leaf  River  and  Strong  River,  and  many  smaller  streams 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  walnut,  magnolia,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Raleigh.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7126;  in  1880,  8088;  in  1890,  10,635. 

Smith,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  368  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cumber- 
land River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Caney  Fork  of  that  river. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  black  walnut,  poplar  or  tulip-tree, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  under- 
lies a  large  part  of  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Nashville  <k  Knozville  Railroad.  Capital,  Carthage.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15,994;  in  1880,  17,799;  in  1890,  18,404. 

Smith,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  930  square  miles.  It  is  oounded  on  the  N.  by  the- 
Sabine  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Neches,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Angelina  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  hickory,  white  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  South- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Tyler.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,532; 
in  1880,  21,863 ;  in  1890,  28,324. 

Smith,  a  post-office  of  Dade  oo.,  Ga.,  at  Sulphur  Spring* 
Station  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  31  mile» 
S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  670. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Posey  co,,  Ind,     Pop,  988. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1232. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  504. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1146. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Worth  co..  Mo.     Pop.  889. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1777. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.     Pop.  1685. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2067. 

Smithborough,  smith'btir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jas- 
per CO.,  Ga.,  5  miles  from  Monticello.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithborough,  a  post-office  of  Bond  co..  III.,  at  Hen- 
derson Railroad  Station,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vandalia. 

Smithborough,  a  village  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Owego.  It  is  also  on  the  Southerm 
Central  Railroad.  It  haa  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  2" 
churches.     Pop.  304. 

Smith'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Freehold,  Manalapan,  and  Millstone  townships,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Freehold.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  24 
miles  N.  of  Jacksborough.     It  has  2  stores.    Pop.  40. 

Smith  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smith  co.,. 
Kansas,  65  miles  N.  of  Russell,  and  100  miles  N.W.  of  Sa- 
lina.    It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  3  churches.^ 

Smith  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 

Smith'dale,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  on  the- 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Streator. 

Smithdale,  a  village  of  Amite  co..  Miss.,  11  miles  W 
of  Summit.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithfield,  a  former  name  of  Alsey,  III. 

Smith'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  in  Ca8» 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  43 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1342. 

Smithfield,  a  village  in  Liberty  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  White  River,  1  mile  S.  of  Selma  Station,  which 
is  6  miles  E.  of  Muncie.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smithfield,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  760. 

Smithfield,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Smithfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Smithfield  township, 
Somerset  co..  Me.,  24^  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  a  rake-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  704. 

Smithfield,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  West- 
minster. 

Smithfield,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn.,  abou» 
28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winona. 


SMI 


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SMI 


Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Carthage. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Lead  is  found  near  it. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  N.T.  Pop. 
1227.     It  contains  Peterborough. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnston  co., 
N.C.,  in  Smithfield  township,  on  the  Neuse  River,  27  miles 
8.E.  of  Raleigh,  and  4  miles  from  Selma,  a  station  of  the 
railroad  between  Raleigh  and  Goldsborough.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     P.  415;  of  township,  2864. 

Smithfield,  a  post- village  in  Smithfield  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  0.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Steubenville,  and  12  miles 
E.  of  Cadiz.  It  has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  planing-mill,  and  5  dry- 
goods  stores.  Pop.  515 ;  of  the  township,  1761.  Wool  is 
its  staple  product. 

Smithfield,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan- 
Handle  Railroad,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  SteubenTille. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  1790. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Georges  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  9  miles  S. 
of  Uniontown,  and  about  64  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Smithfield,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Juniata  River,  opposite  Huntingdon.  It  has  about  15 
houses. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  1443. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.  It 
contains  Allenville,  Spragueville,  Greenville,  Georgiaville, 
Ac.  Smithfield  Station  is  on  the  Providence  <fc  Springfield 
Railroad,  12i  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 2857. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  from  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Utah  Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Logan.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery. 

Smithfield,  a  post- village  of  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va.,  on 
a  navigable  creek,  which  opens  into  the  estuary  of  James 
River,  about  24  miles  W.N. W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a  savings- 
bank,  .3  churches,  and  a  graded  school.  A  steamer  plies 
daily  between  this  place  and  Norfolk.     Pop.  in  1890,  891. 

Smithfield,  village,  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va.    Pop.  361. 

Smith'field,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brighton.     It  has  2  stores. 

Smithfield  Sum'mit,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.. 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Smid^h  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Winston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco- 
factory. 

Smith  Grove,  Snyder  co..  Pa.    See  Kreaher. 

Smith  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Minneap- 
olis, and  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Smith'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  Ark.,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Hope. 

Smithland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithland,  a  post-village  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Sioux  City. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Smithland,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  about 
50  miles  W.  of  Atchison. 

Smithland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Livingston  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  about  15  miles  above  Paducah.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  churches,  and  8  stores.     Pop.  690. 

Smithland,  a  post-office  of  Pointe  Couple  parish,  La. 

Smithland,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  oo..  Neb. 

Smith  Point,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Tex.,  on  a 
long  cape  on  the  E.  side  of  Galveston  Bay,  20  miles  N.  of 
Galveston. 

Smith'port,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Banks 
township,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Horton's  Post-Offioe. 

Smithport,  McKean  oo..  Pa.    See  SuETHroRT. 

Smith  River,  a  post-office  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal. 

Smith  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Medina. 

Smith's,  a  station  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  North- 
eastern Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield,  Mass. 

Smith's,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  662. 

Smith's,  a  township  of  Robeson  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1684. 

Smith's,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 


Smith's,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co..  New 
Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Shediac.     Pop.  150. 

Smith's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Champlain  Canal  and  the  Rensselaer  &■  Sara- 
toga Railroad,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Edward. 

Smithsborough,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.  See  Smithborouoh. 

Smith's  Bridge,  township,  Macon  oo.,  N.C.  Pop.  708. 

Smiths'burg,  or  Smith'bnrg,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Hagerstown,  and  i  mile  from  the  South  Mountain. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  pottery,  a  cigar-factory, 
and  80  dwellings.     Pop.  459. 

Smith's  City,  Pettis  co.,  Mo.    See  Smithtow. 

Smith's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich., 
5  miles  E.  of  Pentwater.     It  has  a  church. 

Smith's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Middleburg  Station. 

Smith's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Greenville  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  5i  miles  E.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory.    See  also  Poplar  Ridge. 

Smith's  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Annapolis  Basin,  15^  miles  from  Annapolis. 

Smith's  Creek,  of  Warren  co.,  N.C,  flows  into  the 
Roanoke  River  a  little  N.  of  the  line  between  North  Caro- 
lina and  Virginia. 

Smith's  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Kimball  township, 
St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  » 
saw-mill. 

Smith's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C. 

Smith's  Creek,  township,  Warren  co.,  N.C.    P.  1062. 

Smith's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Smith's  Cross'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
Wintersville  Post-Office. 

Smith's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalf* 
CO.,  Ky.,  20  miles  from  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Smith's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.,  Va.,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Boydton.  Near  it  are  3 
churches. 

Smith's  Falls,  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Lanark,  on 
the  Rideau  Canal,  and  on  the  Brockville  &  Ottawa  Railway, 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Brockville.  It  has  manufactories  of 
woollens,  farm-tools,  stoves,  ploughs,  axes,  machinery, 
leather,  wooden-ware,  Ac,  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  5 
churches,  a  chapel,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  1500. 

Smith's  Ferry,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Holyoke. 
It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Smith's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ohio  township, 
Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  con- 
tiguous to  Glasgow,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  39  miles  below  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches.      , 

Smith's  Ferry,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  7  miles  above 
Washington. 

Smith's  Flat,  a  post-office  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 

Smith's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  oo.,  N.C,  on 
Rocky  River. 

Smith's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C 

Smith's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  oo.,  Tenn. 

Smith's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Smith's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  4  churches. 

Smith's  Hill,  Ontario.    See  Carlow. 

Smith's  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Delaware  River, 
opposite  Philadelphia. 

Smith's  Island,  an  island  of  New  Hanover  oo.,  N.C, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Cape  Fear  River.  The  S.  extremity  is 
called  Cape  Fear.     It  has  a  light-house.     See  Cape  Fear. 

Smith's  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  off  the 
coast  of  Inverness  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  2  miles  from  Port  Hood. 

Smith's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  oo.,  N.J., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  1  mile  from  Pleasantville  Station, 
and  about  7  miles  W.  of  Atlantic  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smith's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  about  9  miles  below  Catskill.  It  is 
1  mile  from  Germantown  Station,  which  is  oi>the  other  side 
of  the  river. 

Smith's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  from  Felicity.  Tobacco  is 
shipped  here  in  steamers. 

Smith's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Winona  i  St   Peter  Railroad,  15  miles  E  of  Mankato 


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Smith's  Mill,  a  post-ofiEloe  of  Juneau  oo.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  at  Smith's  Station,  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Smith's  MillS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Q&.,  on 
the  Ocmulgee  River,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth.  It  has  a 
woollen -mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  station  in  Floyd  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
New  Albany. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Ey., 
about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  an  academy 
and  2  churches. 

Smith's  Mills,  Mass.    See  North  Dartmouth. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Grenada.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Pat- 
erson.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hanover  township, 
Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Brie  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Dunkirk.     It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  &o.    P.  128. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Gouverneur.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Smith's  Mills,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    See  Janesville. 

Smith's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Deuorestvillb. 

Smith'son's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Comal  co., 
Tex.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  New  Braunfels. 

Smith's  Point,  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  southernmost 
point  of  land  at  the  entrance  of  the  Potomac  River.  On  it 
IS  a  light-house  showing  a  fixed  light,  85  feet  high. 

Smith's  Ranch,  California.    See  Bodega  Corners. 

Smith's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  oo..  Conn., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Smith's  River,  a  village  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  Pacific,  14  miles  N.  of  Crescent  City.  It  has  a  salmon- 
fishery.     Chrome  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  township,  564. 

Smith's  Sound,  a  body  of  water  at  the  N.  extremity 
of  Baffin's  Bay.  It  was  surveyed  by  the  United  States  ex- 
pedition under  Dr.  Kane  in  1854,  and  found  to  terminate 
towards  the  N.E.  in  a  gulf  110  miles  in  length. 

Smith's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Smith's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  about  14  miles  E.  of 
Vicksburg. 

Smith's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hanover.  It 
has  a  church. 

Smith's  Turn-Out,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  at  Smith's 
Station,  75  miles  N.  of  Columbia.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Smith's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind. 

Smith's  Valley,  New  York.     See  Randallsville. 

Smith'ton,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga. 
'    Smithton,  St.  Clair  co..  111.    See  Georgetown. 

Smith'ton,  or  Smith's  City,  a  post-village  of  Pettis 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  181  miles  W.  of 
St.  Louis,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  and  wagons.  Pop.  309. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Smithton. 

Smithton,  a  post-village  in  South  Huntingdon  town- 
ship, Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River 
and  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  machine- 
shop,  coke-works,  a  grain-warehouse,  and  manufactures  of 
paper,  flour,  and  bricks. 

Smithton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Middle 
Island  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 
church. 

Smith'town,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
from  Mechaniosville.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithtown,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Broome  township,  13  miles  S.  of  Middleburg.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smithtown,  a  post-village  in  Smithtown  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Nissequaguo  River,  and  on  the 
Smithtown  &  Port  Jefferson  Railroad,  48  miles  B.N.E.  of 
Brooklyn.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-mill.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  has  7  churches.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 2387. 

Smithtown,  a  hamlet  of  Monongalia  oo.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  White  Day. 
Smith'town,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  New  Bruns- 


wick, 4  miles  from  Ossekeag.   It  contains  2  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, 2  woollen-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  150. 

Smithtown  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Smithtown 
townshh),  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Smithtown  &  Port  Jef- 
ferson Railroad,  50  miles  from  New  York  City.  It  lias  2 
churches  and  about  35  houses.     Pop.  near  300. 

Smith  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Havana. 

Smith'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is  on  a  large 
creek,  and  has  extensive  water-power. 

Smithville,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark.,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville.  It  contains  3  churches,  the 
Smithville  Institute,  a  woollen-mill,  and  zinc-works. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  6a.,  on  Muck- 
alee  Creek  and  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Americus,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  400. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  about  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  89  miles 
N.N.W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithville,  a  post-office  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ey. 

Smithville,  a  hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Upper  Marlborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores 
Here  is  Dunkirk  Post-Office. 

Smithville,  a  post- village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  20 
miles  E.  of  Easton,  and  6  miles  from  Federalsburg.  It  has 
a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Barre  township,  on  the  Ware  River,  about  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Worcester.     It  has  a  cotton-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  2i 
miles  E.  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Aberdeen.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithville,  a  hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Marquand  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 
Here  is  Sedgewickville  Post-Office. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Clay  oo.,  Mo.,  on  Smith's 
Fork  of  Platte  River,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Eansas  City. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  in  Westhampton  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  and  on  the  rail- 
road between  Mount  Holly  and  Pemberton,  2  miles  E.  of 
the  former.  It  haa  a  church,  a  public  hall,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Smithville,  township,  Chenango  oo.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1405. 

Smithville,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.    See  South  Alabama. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  W.  border  of  Adams  township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  furniture.     Pop.  about  250. 

Smithville,  a  township  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.,  is  on 
the  sea-coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cape  Fear  River.  It 
contains  Southport,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2295. 

Smithville,  Franklin  co.,  0.    See  Black  Lick. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Wooster,  and  li 
miles  N.  of  Smithville  Station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
A  Chicago  Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school,  4  churches,  and 
a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  60 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  miles  W.  of  New  Providence. 

Smithville,  Rhode  Island.    See  North  Scituate. 

Smithville,  a  township  of  Marlborough  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2630;  in  1890,  2744. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  near  the 
headwaters  of  Black  River,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Smithville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  DeEalbco.,  Tenn., 
about  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  8  general  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  a  tannery, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the 
San  Marcos  Branch,  124  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Smithville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Charlotte  co., 
Va.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Drake's  Branch  Station,  which  is  81 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  750. 

Smithville,  a  village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Hughes  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Harrisville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  in 
Wauwatosa  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 


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Smithville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  cc,  Ontario,  on 
the  Jordan  or  Twenty-Mile  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of  Grimsby. 
It  has  iron-foundries,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  number  of 
stores,  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  350. 

Smithville  Flats,  a  post-village  in  Smitbville  town- 
ship, Chenango  co.,  N.Y,,  on  Geneganset  River,  5  miles 
N.  of  Greene  Station,  and  on  the  Central  Valley  Railroad, 
about  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Binghamtob.  It  has  3  ohurohes, 
a  grist-mill,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  300. 

Smithville  Soath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  Ridgewood  Station. 

Smithville  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wayne  co.,  0., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5i  miles 
N.E.  of  Wooster.     Here  are  4  dwellings. 

Smith'wick  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Colorado  River,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Aus'tin.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill. 

Smit'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Hanson  co.,  Ey.,  22 
miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Smitten,  Indiana  oo..  Pa.    See  Trade  City. 

Smoke's  Creek,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  falls  into  Lake  Erie. 

Smoke's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Colleton  co., 
S.C,  12  miles  from  Branchville.     It  has  a  church. 

Smoke'town,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  East 
Lampeter  township,  1  mile  from  Bird  in  Hand. 

Smo'ky  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia, 
immediately  N.W.  of  Streaky  Bay,  in  Eyre  Land.  Lat. 
32°  30'  S.;  Ion.  135°  45'  E. 

Smo'ky  City,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin. 

Smoky  Dome,  North  Carolina,  a  mountain-peak  in 
the  W.  part  of  the  state,  in  or  near  Yancey  co.  Its  alti- 
tude is  computed  to  be  6660  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Smoky  Hill,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
11 38,  exclusive  of  Junction  City. 

Smoky  Hill,  a  post-office  and  Swedish  settlement  in 
Union  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  near  the  Smoky 
Hill  River,  26  miles  S.  of  Salina. 

Smoky  Hill,  a  township  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1686.     It  includes  Lindsborg. 

Smoky  Hill,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
912,  exclusive  of  Salina. 

Smoky  Hill  River,  or  Smoky  Hill  Fork  of  the 
Kansas,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Colorado,  and  soon  passes 
into  the  state  of  Kansas.  It  runs  eastward  with  little 
deviation  from  a  direct  course,  intersects  the  cos.  of 
Gove,  Trego,  Ellis,  Russell,  and  Ellsworth,  and  unites  with 
the  Solomon  River  about  10  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  400  miles.  It  traverses  extensive 
fertile  prairies. 

Smoky  Hollow,  New  York.    See  Hollowville. 

Smoky  Mountains,  also  called  Unaka,  or  Unicoi, 
a  range  of  the  Appalachian  system,  extends  along  the 
boundary  between  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee.  Among 
its  highest  peaks  are  Mount  Quyot  (6636  feet)  and  Cling- 
man's  Peak  (6660  feet). 

Smoky  Or'dinary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co., 
Va.,  about  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Smoky  Point,  a  headland  of  East  Australia,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Port  Maoquarie. 

Smoky  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Carter  oo.,  Ky. 

Smoland,  Sweden.    See  SmIland. 

Smolen,  smo'l§n,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Norway,  3 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Hitteren.  Lat.  63°  20'  N.  Length,  15 
miles ;  central  breadth,  10  miles. 

Smolensk,  smo-15nsk',  or  Smolensko,  smo-lSn'sko, 
a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  53°  20'  and 
66°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  30°  30'  and  35°  25'  E.,  enclosed  by  the 
governments  of  Moheelev,  Vitebsk,  Pskov,  Tver,  Moscow, 
Kalooga,  Orel,  and  Chernigov.  Area,  21,638  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1882,  1,1»1,172.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
in  some  parts  marshy.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dnie- 
per, Diina,  Gzhat,  Oka,  and  Ipoot.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
corn,  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  and  hops  are  raised.  Few  cattle 
are  reared,  but  hogs  and  bees  in  great  numbers.  The  for- 
ests are  very  extensive  and  valuable.  Iron,  copper,  and 
salt  are  found.  The  manufactures  comprise  leather,  glass, 
and  pitch.  The  raw  produce  of  the  government  is  exported 
in  large  quantities  to  Riga,  Vilna,  and  Moscow. 

Smolensk,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  gov- 
ernment, on  the  Dnieper,  250  miles  W.S.W.  of  Moscow. 
Pop.  36,820.  It  is  enclosed  by  massive  walls,  and  is  the 
see  of  a  Russian  archbishop.  The  principal  public  edifices 
are  handsome  cathedrals,  many  churches,  an  episcopal 
palace,  and  monasteries.  It  has  a  diocesan,  seminary,  a 
college,  a  military  school,  several   hospitals,  a  house  of 


correction,  assembly-rooms,  manufactures  of  linens,  soap, 
leather,  and  carpets,  and  a  considerable  export  of  grain  and 
flax. 

Smolin,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  609. 

Smyrna,  smir'na  (Turk.  Izmeer,  lamir,  or  Izmir,  iz- 
mecR';  Fr.  Smyme,  smeenn),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  the  chief  commercial  emporium  of  West  Asia, 
capital  of  the  vilayet  of  Aidin,  on  a  plain  at  the  head  of 
the  Gulf  of  Smyrna,  and  partly  upon  the  declivity  of  Mount 
Pagus,  which  is  crowned  by  a  citadel,  a  structure  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  Lat.  of  Daraghaz  point,  38°  26'  5"  N.; 
Ion.  27°  9'  7"  E.  Pop.  160,000,  of  whom  40,000  are  Turks, 
80,000  Greeks,  15,000  Jews,  6000  Armenians,  and  15,000 
Franks.  It  has  a  fine  appearance  from  the  sea,  but  is  in 
general  wretchedly  built ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  wood, 
and  only  one  story  in  height;  the  streets  are  narrow. 
Railways  connect  it  with  Aidin  and  Ala-Shehr.  The 
Frank  and  Greek  quarters  extend  for  about  2J  miles  along 
the  shore;  above  these  is  the  Armenian  quarter,  and  the 
Turks  occupy  all  the  upper  parts  of  the  city,  having  be- 
tween them  and  the  Armenians  two  close  quarters  in- 
habited by  the  Jews.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  bazaar 
and  market-place,  the  vizier-khan,  constructed  of  the 
marble  ruins  of  the  ancient  theatre,  the  palace  of  the  gov- 
ernor, barracks,  synagogues,  a  fine  Latin  cathedral,  Greek, 
Roman  Catholic,  Armenian,  and  Protestant  churches,  and 
about  20  mosques,  which  are  always  open  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  Christians  and  others.  Numerous  coffee-houses 
and  gardens  are  scattered  along  the  banks  of  the  river 
Meles,  which  enters  the  gulf  E.  of  the  city,  and  extensive 
cemeteries  occupy  portion  of  the  declivity  of  Mount  Pagus, 
on  which  are  various  remains  of  the  ancient  city.  Smyrna 
has  a  large  Armenian  academy,  and  it  is  the  residence  of 
consuls  of  most  of  the  principal  European  states.  It  is  the 
see  of  Greek,  Armenian,  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops. 

Smyrna  has  been  for  centuries  the  most  important  centre 
of  trade  in  the  Levant.  This  trade  has  been  carried  on 
both  by  shipping  and  the  caravans  of  Asia  Minor,  Syria, 
Bagdad,  and  Persia,  and  here,  as  well  as  in  Constantinople 
and  most  of  the  Turkish  towns,  the  Jews  have  become  the 
principal  agents  in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  commodities. 
The  chief  imports  are  cotton  manufactures,  petroleum,  wool- 
len cloths,  cofifee,  sugar,  iron,  steel,  lead,  tin,  hardware,  Ac. 
The  principal  exports  are  dried  fruits,  cotton,  silk,  goats'- 
hair,  sheep  and  camels'  wool,  rabbit-  and  hare-skins,  valo- 
nia,  madder,  opium,  yellow-berries,  rags,  grain,  sponges,  &c. 
It  has  suff'ered  repeated  vicissitudes,  especially  from  de- 
structive earthquakes  and  visitations  of  the  plague ;  but  its 
admirable  situation  for  commerce  has  caused  it,  after  each 

calamity,  rapidly  to  regain  its  wonted  importance. A^j. 

and  inhab.  Smtrniot,  smir'ne-pt.     See  Gulp  op  Smyrna. 

Smyrna,  smir'na,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on 
Duck  Creek,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilmington,  10 
miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Delaware  Railroad. 
The  Smyrna  Branch  of  that  road  connects  this  place  with 
Clayton.  Smyrna  contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  public  library,  2  hotels,  the  Smyrna 
Seminary,  and  has  manufactures  of  farming-implements, 
peach-baskets,  sash,  doors,  flour,  &c.  Large  quantities  of 
peaches  are  exported  from  this  place,  which  is  partly  sup- 
ported by  ship-building.     Pop.  in  1890,  2455. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  West- 
ern &  Atlantic  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  woollen-factory.    P.  259. 

Smyrna,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  38  miles 
N.  of  Madison. 

Smyrna,  a  township  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  I486. 

Smyrna,  a  hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  5  or  6 
miles  E.  of  Evansville. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Osceola.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smyrna,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo.,  Me.,  12 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  159. 

Smyrna,  a  post-village  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  in  Otisco 
township,  on  Flat  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ionia,  and  about 
23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
iron-foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Smyrna,  a  post-village  in  Smyrna  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  k  Oswego  Midland  Railroi^, 
Hi  miles  N.  of  Norwich,  and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  union  school,  &o.  The  products  of 
the  dairy  are  the  staples  of  this  township.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1665. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  in  Smyrna  township,  Carteret 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  coast,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Morehead  City. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  905. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  about  45 


Wj/' 


SMY 


2484 


SNO 


nules  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church,  manufactures 
cf  carriages,  brooms,  and  leather,  and  about  30  houses. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa,,  2^  miles 
from  Christiana,  and  about  48  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church. 

Smyrna^  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  20i  miles  S.E.  of 
Nashville. 

Smyrna^  a  post-oflSce  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Smyrna  Landing,  a  hamlet  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Kent  CO.,  Del.,  on  Duck  Creek,  1  mile  from  Smyrna. 
Vessels  are  built  here.     Pop.  158. 

Smyrna  Mills,  a  post-oflBce  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Houlton. 

Smyrne,  the  French  name  of  Smyrna. 

Smyser's,  York  co.,  Pa.    See  Seven  Valleys. 

Smyth,  smith,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks  of  the  Holston  River, 
which  run  nearly  southwestward.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  N.W. 
part  is  traversed  by  a  long  ridge  called  Walker's  Mountain. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  grass, 
and  cattle  are  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are 
limestone  and  gypsum.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
main  line  of  the  Norfolk  <fe  Western  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Marion,  the  county  seat.  Pop.  in  1870,  8898 ;  in 
1880,  12,160;  in  1890,  13,360. 

Smytheville,  smlth'vil,  a  post-village  of  Trego  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Saline  River,  6  miles  from  Collyer  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements. 

Snachwine,  snak'wine,  a  post-village  in  Snachwine 
township,  Putnam  co.,  111.,  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Putnam  Station, 
39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Peoria,  and  122  miles  from  Chicago. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  elevator,  and  a  flour-mill.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  E.  by  the  Illinois  River.     Pop.  801. 

Snaith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  Aire,  6i  miles  S.  of  Selby.     Pop.  991. 

Snake'bite,  a  township  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1336. 

Snake  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Max  Meadows.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Snake  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  Simcoe,  occupied  by 
the  Chippewa  Indians.     Pop.  128. 

Snake  Island,  West  Indies.    See  Anguilla. 

Snake  Prairie,  a  post-oflSce  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex. 

Snake  (or  Lewis)  River  (the  Shoshone  of  the  abo- 
rigines), the  largest  branch  or  affluent  of  the  Columbia 
River,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  W.  border 
of  Wyoming,  and,  entering  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  south- 
westward  nearly  200  miles,  turns  to  the  right,  and  flows 
westward  along  the  S.  border  of  Alturas  co.,  and,  passing 
into  a  long  deep  canon,  formed  of  basalt  or  volcanic  rocks, 
forms  a  grand  cataract  called  Shoshone  Falls  (which  see). 
It  subsequently  runs  northwestward  until  it  strikes  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Oregon,  near  the  mouth  of  Bois^  River, 
where  it  turns  to  the  right.  Below  this  point  it  forms  the 
boundary  between  Idaho  and  Oregon,  and  runs  northward 
to  Lewiston.  Turning  abruptly  to  the  left,  it  passes  into 
Washington,  in  which  it  flows  westward  and  enters  the 
Columbia  River  near  lat.  46°  12'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  W.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  1050  miles.  It  traverses  a  very 
mountainous  country,  in  which  gold  is  found  and  basalt  is 
abundant.  It  runs  in  several  ca&ons,  one  of  which  is  said 
to  be  1000  feet  deep.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  cata- 
racts and  rapids  at  several  places,  besides  the  Great  Sho- 
shone Falls.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Lewiston,  Idaho, 
—160  miles.  Its  largest  affluents  are  Henry's  Fork,  Bois6, 
Salmon,  Clearwater,  and  Palouse  Rivers,  coming  from  the 
right,  and  the  Owyhee  and  Malheur  Rivers,  from  the  left. 

Snake  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  or  near  Aitkin  co., 
and  runs  southward  through  Kanabec  co.  to  Brunswick, 
where  it  turns  to  the  left.  It  next  runs  eastward  through 
Pine  CO.,  and  enters  the  St.  Croix  River  about  10  miles  E. 
of  Pine  City.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Snake  River,  Nebraska,  rises  near  the  "  Bad  Lands," 
runs  northeastward  through  the  Sand  Hills,  and  enters  the 
Niobrara  River  in  Ion.  100°  45'  W.     Length,  100  miles. 

Snake  Root,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  Va. 

Snake  Rnn,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Island  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Snake  Spring,  township,  Bedford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  631. 

Snap'per  Island,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Trinity  Bay.     Lat.  16°  17'  35"  S. ;  Ion.  145°  37'  E. 

Snap'pmg  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ga., 
40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church,  a  flouring- 


mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  tannery,  and  an  academy.     Pop. 
about  200. 

Snares,  snairz  (?),  four  small  islands  belonging  to  th« 
Koorils.     Lat.  48°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  44'  E. 

Snares  Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of 
New  Zealand.  The  easternmost  is  in  lat.  48°  3'  S.,  Ion. 
166°  45'  E. 

'Sne,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Esneh. 

Snead's  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Snead's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  oo.,  N.C.,  oa 
New  River,  about  3  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Sned'ekerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  Snedeker's  (or  Snedi- 
ker's)  Station,  15^  miles  S.  of  Elmira.    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Sne'den's  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles  below  Piermont,  and  adjacent 
to  the  village  of  Palisades. 

Sneedsborough,  sneedz'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Anson  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Yadkin  River,  about  65  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Charlotte. 

Sneedville,  sneed'vll,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Clinch  River,  about  50  miles  in  a 
direct  line  N.E.  of  Knoxville.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sneehaetten,  SneehSlttan,  or  Sneehaettan, 
sni'hStHan  (i.e.,  *'  snow-cap"),  a  mountain  of  Norway,  be- 
longing to  the  Dovrefteld  group.  Lat.  62°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  9* 
20'  E.  It  rises  to  the  height  of  8115  feet,  and  is  perpetu- 
ally covered  with  snow  and  ice. 

Sneek,  snaik,  or  Snits,  suits,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leeuwarden.  It  is 
traversed  by  canals,  and  has  several  churches,  hospitals  and 
schools,  boat-building-yards,  rope-walks,  foundries,  Ac,  and 
a  trade  in  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  8929. 

Sneenwbergen,  sno'^'b^R^H^n,  a  range  of  mountains 
in  Cape  Colony,  being  the  E.  extension  of  the  Roggeveld 
and  Nieuveld  ranges. 

Snell'ing,  a  post- village  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Merced  River,  about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
church,  3  distilleries  of  wine  or  brandy,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

SnelPs  Station,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
Oshkosh. 

Snet'ters,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  771. 

Sni'abar,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2707. 

Sniatyn,  or  Snyatin,  sne-i'tin,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  24  miles  E.  of  Kolomea,  on  the  Pnith.  It  has  a 
castle,  united  Greek  and  Armenian  churches,  and  numer> 
ous  tanneries.     Pop.  10,305. 

Sni'bar,  or  Sni-a-Bar,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co., 
Mo.,  in  Snibar  (or  Sniabar)  township,  about  32  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Kansas  City.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1550.  Here  is 
Bates  City  Post-Office. 

Snibs'ton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

Snicarte,  sni-kar'te,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co..  111., 
about  26  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Snick'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  oo.,  Va.,  atl 
the  E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Round  Hill 
Station,  and  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Winchester.    It  has  a 
church  and  a  spoke- factory. 

Sni'dersville,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis. 

Sni  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Snipe's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  17 1 
miles  S.  of  Hillsborough. 

Snits,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Snkek. 

Snizort,  Loch,  Iok  sni'z9rt,  Scotland,  a  deep  inlet  of  ' 
the  sea,  in  Skye,  extending  inland  for  12  miles.  Breadth 
at  entrance,  6^  miles. 

Snod'dy's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.„j 
on  Coal  Creek,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  ai 
flouring-mill. 

Snoho'mish,  a  northwestern  county  of  Washington,! 
has  an  area  of  about  1720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  onJ 
the  W.  by  Admiralty  Inlet  (which  is  navigable  for  largoi 
ships),  and  is  drained  by  the  Snoqualmie  and  Steilaquamish  r 
Rivers.  The  E.  part  of  the  county  is  occupied  by  moun-. 
tains  of  the  Cascade  Range.  The  surface  is  extensively  I 
covered  with  forests  of  fir,  cedar,  spruce,  and  other  trees,  j 
Lumber  is  one  of  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter-^ 
sectcd  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Sno-| 
homish.     Pop.  in  1870,  599;  in  1880,  1387;  in  1890,  8514, 

Snohomish,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Snohomish  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Snohomish  River,  about  9  miles  fron 
its  entrance  into  Puget  Sound,  and  30  miles  N.N.E.  ofJ 
Seattle.    It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office.    Steamerf  J 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1993. 


SNO  '       2485  ^  SOB' 


Snohomish  River,  Washington,  is  formed  by  the  Sky- 
wsmish  and  Snoqualmie  RiTers,  which  unite  in  Snohomish 
«o.  It  runs  nearly  northwestward,  and  enters  Puget  Sound 
on  the  W.  border  of  the  same  county,  about  18  miles  from 
the  junction  of  the  branches.  Small  steamers  can  ascend 
this  river  (and  one  branch)  about  60  miles. 

Sno'komo,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  oo.,  Kansas. 

Snoqualmie,  sno-kw&l'mee,  a  post-office  of  King  oo., 
Washington,  on  the  Snoqualmie  River. 
f  Snoqualmie  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  King  oo.,  runs  northwestward,  and  unites  with 
the  Skywamish  to  form  the  Snohomish  River.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long.  About  35  miles  from  its  mouth  oc- 
curs a  cataract,  where  the  river  falls  270  feet  at  one  leap. 
At  or  near  its  source  is  the  Snoqualmie  Pass  through  the 
Cascade  Range.     This  is  an  important  thoroughfare. 

Snov,  or  Snow,  snof,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  government  of  Chernigov,  flows  S.S.W.,  and 
joins  the  Desna  10  miles  above  the  town  of  Chernigov. 
Total  course,  140  miles. 

Snow  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  oo.,  N.C., 
about  45  miles  W.  by  N;  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  the  Sylvan 
High  School. 

Snow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Snow  Creek,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.    P.  385. 

Snow  Creek,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.  P.  1781. 

Snow  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  28 
niles  E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Snow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va. 

Snow'den,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    P.  1258. 

Snow'don,  the  most  lofty  mountain  of  Wales  and  South 
Britain,  co.  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Carnarvon,  its  principal 
peak,  Y-Wyddva,  rising  to  3571  feet  above  the  sea.  Its 
W.  side  is  very  precipitous,  and  partly  formed  of  basalt. 
Its  summit  commands  magnificent  views. 

Snowdou,  or  Snowdoun,  a  post-office  of  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  Ala.,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Snow  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Paris 
township,  near  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  3  miles  from 
West  Paris  Station.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Snow  Flake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  chain  of  lakes,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Mancelona. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  k  Gulf  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Catoosa  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Ringgold. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  <fc  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  19  miles 
N.  of  Richmond. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Shenandoah.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  2  stores. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worcester  co., 
Md.,  on  the  navigable  Pocomoke  River,  about  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  5  miles  from  Chincoteague  Sound. 
It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Wicomico  <fc  Pocomoke 
Railroad,  and  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Steamboats  run  twice  a  week 
'rom  Baltimore  to  Snow  Hill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1483. 

Snow  Hill,  a  village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Centre 
township,  2  miles  S.  of  Haddonfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  N.C, 
in  Snow  Hill  township,  on  Contentnea  Creek,  about  70 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  320;  of  the  township,  2650. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  James  oo.,  Tenn. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Snow  Island,  South  Shetland,  in  the  South  Atlantic 
Ocean,  S.W.  of  Livingston's  Island,  is  25  miles  long. 

Snow  Mass  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Elk  Range,  in  lat.  39°  V  12"  N.,  Ion.  107°  3'  44"  W.  Its 
altitude  is  13,970  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  has  a  nucleus 
of  granite,  and  ia  very  rugged  and  precipitous.  It  was 
named  from  an  immense  field  of  snow  on  its  eastern  face. 

Snow  Shoe,  a  post-village  in  Snow  Shoe  township, 
Centre  co..  Pa.,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefonte,  and  about  28 
miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  is  on  the  Bellefonte  k  Snow 
Shoe  Railroad.  It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  bricks.  Five  hundred  tons  of 
coal  are  shipped  here  daily.     Pop.  400 ;  of  township,  2397. 

Snows'viUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex.,  65 
miles  W.  of  Waco. 

Snow  Village,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.    See  Thurlow. 

SnoAVville,  Choctaw  co.,  Miss.    See  Sprinqfibld. 


Snow'ville,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  oo.,  Utah,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Kelton.    It  has  a  chnrch. 

Snowville,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Central  Depot.  It  has  a  ohurch,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  wooUon-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Snowy  Range,  a  term  applied  to  the  main  range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Colorado.  Among  the  peaks  of 
this  range  are  Mount  Lincoln,  Long's  Peak,  and  Gray'i 
Peak.     They  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Snyatin,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia.    See  SMiATrir. 

Sny'der,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  325  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Penn's  and  Middle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  chestnut,  ash,  maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  which 
connects  with  Middleburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,606;  in  1880,  17,797;  in  1890,  17,651. 

Snyder,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co..  Ark. 

Snyder,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  near  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  21  miles  N.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Snyder,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Scurry  co.,  Tex.,  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Sweetwater.     Pop.  600. 

Sny'dersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Westminster.     It  has  a  church. 

Snyder's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jeff'erson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sny'dersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  21 
miles  N.  of  Easton. 

Sny'dertown,  a  village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
East  Amwell  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Ringoes.  It  has  a 
ohurch  and  a  tannery. 

Snydertow^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  on  Shamokin  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2 
churches. 

So'a,  or  So'ay,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Skye.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  3  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.     Pop.  120. 

Soa,  an  island  of  Scotland,  adjacent  to  the  above,  and  1 
mile  in  circuit. 

Soak  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Soane,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sone. 

Soap  Creek,  Iowa,  drains  part  of  Appanoose  co„  runs 
eastward  through  Davis  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines 
River  about  12  miles  below  Ottumwa. 

Soap  Creek,  a  township  of  Davis  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  991. 

Soap'stone  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo., 
N.C,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greensborough. 

Soar,  sor,  a  river  of  Leicestershire,  England,  flows 
generally  N.  through  the  centre  of  Leicestershire,  and  joins 
the  Trent  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Derby. 

Soave,  so-i'vi,  a  fortified  village  of  Italy,  12  miles  E. 
of  Verona.     Pop.  3445. 

So'ay,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands  of  the  Outer 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  W.  of  Harris. 

Soay,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  near 
the  entrance  of  Loch  Inver.     See  also  SoA. 

Sobernheim,so'bQrn-hIme\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 39  miles  S.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Nahe.     Pop.  2550. 

Sobieski,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    See  Moshannon. 

Sobieslau,  so-be-ds'lSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  3271. 

Soborg,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Soeborg. 

Sobotka,  so-bot'k&,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles  N.B 
of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  3135. 

Sobradillo,  8o-br&-Deel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
province  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop,  1337. 

Sobral,  so-bril',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
23  miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1089. 

Sobral,  so-br&l',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  130  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cear6. 

Sobran,  so-br&n',  or  Yillajuan,  veel-yi-Hoo-ln',  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles  from  Pontevedra,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Arosa,  where  it  has  a  harbor. 

Sobraon,  so-br&-on'  (?),  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Sut- 
lej,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Ferozepoor. 

Sobrarbe,  so-braR'b&,  a  district  of  Spain,  in  the  Arago- 
nian  Pyrenees,  extending  about  48  miles  in  length  and  40 
miles  in  breadth,  bounded  N.  by  France.  This  wa£  the 
cradle  of  the  Aragonese,  who  first  held  the  Saracen  invaden 
in  check  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  liberties  of  Spain. 
They  assembled  as  early  as  819,  in  the  fastnesses  of  So- 
brarbe, where  were  drawn  up  the  laws  called  Fueros  de 
Sobrarbe,  the  model  of  those  of  many  other  places. 


SOB 


2486 


SOD 


Sobreira  Formosa,  8o-br4'e-r4  foR-mo'sft,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castello  Branco,  ok  the 
Poracama.     Pop.  4184. 

Soby,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Aeroe.    See  Soebt. 

Socas'tee,  a  township  of  Horry  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  726. 

Soccatoo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Saccatoo. 

Sochaczew,  so-Ki'ch5v,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  28  miles  "W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  5297. 

Social  Circle,  so'shal  ser'k^l,  a  post- village  of  Walton 
CO.,  6a.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  51  miles  B.  by  S.  of  At- 
lanta. It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  11  stores,  a 
flour-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  737. 

Social  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark.,  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Malvern.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery, 
and  a  seminary.    Pop.  128. 

Socialville,  so'shal-vU,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo., 
0.,  in  Deerfield  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Soci'ety  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  about 
60  miles  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Society  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Darlington  oo.,  S.C, 
»n  the  Great  Pedee  River  and  the  Cheraw  <fc  Darlington 
Railroad,  is  1  mile  from  Dove's  Depot,  and  13  miles  S.  of 
Cheraw.     It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  about  500. 

Soci'ety  Islands  (Fr.  Archipel  de  Tahiti,  aK^shee*- 
p5l'  d§h  ti^eeHee',  or  Res  de  la  SociStS,  eel  d§h  Ik  so^se-i'- 
ti' ;  Ger.  Societ'dta  Inseln,  so'se-§h-tAt8^  in's§ln),  an  im- 
portant group  of  the  South  Pacific,  between  lat.  16°  11' 
and  17°  53'  S.  and  Ion.  148°  5'  and  151°  48'  W.,  and  be- 
tween the  Low  Islands,  which  almost  join  them  on  the  E., 
and  the  Friendly  Islands,  situated  at  a  greater  distance  on 
the  W.  The  group  consists  of  a  great  number  of  islands, 
arranged  mostly  in  two  groups :  namely,  the  Leeward,  or 
Society  Islands  proper,  of  which  the  principal  are  Huaheine, 
Raiatea,  Otaha,  and  Bolabola,  governed  by  native  chiefs ; 
and  the  Tahitian,  or  Windward  group,  under  a  French  pro- 
tectorate, and  comprising  the  islands  of  Tahiti,  Eimeo, 
Maitea,  and  other  less  important  islands.  The  French 
islands  are  nominally  under  a  line  of  native  queens,  with 
the  family  name  of  Pomare.  All  the  islands  are  elevated, 
and  more  or  less  mountainous. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  features  in  the  vegetation  of 
Tahiti  is  the  extent  of  ground  occupied  by  the  guava  shrub. 
It  was  introduced  from  Norfolk  Island,  and  it  now  forms 
miles  of  woodland,  bearing  a  profusion  of  large  and  de- 
licious fruit.  The  scenery  of  Eimeo  is,  if  possible,  still 
more  attractive  than  that  of  Tahiti;  and  almost  every 
island  of  the  group  has  been  described  by  navigators  in 
rapturous  terms.  Many  of  the  population  have  been  con- 
verted to  Christianity  by  missionaries,  who  have  also  in- 
troduced many  of  the  arts  of  civilized  life.  Papeiti,  the 
capital  of  Tahiti,  is  resorted  to  by  ships  for  commercial 
purposes.  Chief  exports,  cotton,  pearl-shell,  trepang,  cocoa- 
nuts,  sugar,  and  fruits. 

The  Society  Islands  appear  to  have  been  first  discovered 
in  1606,  by  the  Spanish  navigator  Pedro  Fernandez  de 
Quiros,  who  gave  to  Tahiti  the  name  of  La  Sagittaria.  It 
remained  unknown  to  the  rest  of  the  world  till  1767,  when 
Captain  Wallis  reached  Tahiti,  and,  believing  himself  the 
first  discoverer,  gave  it  the  name  of  King  George  Island. 
The  year  after,  it  was  touched  at  by  Bougainville ;  but  by 
far  the  most  important  visit  was  that  of  1769,  made  by 
Captain  Cook,  in  company  with  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  for  the 
purpose  of  observing  the  transit  of  Venus  across  the  sun's 
disk.  The  population  has,  like  many  of  the  other  groups 
of  the  Pacific,  remarkably  decreased.  Cook,  in  1774,  prob- 
ably very  much  overrated  it  at  200,000.  The  missionaries 
in  1797  made  it  only  16,050.  A  census  taken  about  1840 
reduced  it  to  10,000.  Pop.  in  1875  of  the  Tahitian  group, 
10,703  (of  whom  8091  were  of  the  native  race)  j  of  the  re- 
maining islands,  4000. 

Sockna,  sok'nJL,  written  also  Sokna  and  Snkna, 
Book'ni,  a  walled  town  of  Fezzan,  between  Tripoli  and 
Moorzook,  and  110  miles  S.  of  the  Tripoli  frontier.  Lat. 
29°  N.;  Ion.  16°  E.     Pop.  3000. 

Socobos,  so-ko'Boce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37 
miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1139. 

Soconnsco,  so-ko-noos'ko,  a  town  and  district  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa,  the  district  consisting  of  a  strip 
of  territory  on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Length,  120  miles; 
average  breadth,  40  miles.  The  town  is  situated  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chiapa. 

Socorro,  so-kor'ro,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
New  Mexico,  borders  on  Arizona.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Rio  Grande,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Rio  Gila.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  mountains  and  arid  table-lands,  in 
which  water  and  timber  are  scarce.    A  long  range,  called 


Sierra  de  los  Mimbres,  traverses  this  county  in  a  N.  and  S, 
direction.  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile. 
Wheat,  maize,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products  of  this 
county.  Estimated  area  15,476  square  miles.  Capital, 
Socorro.    Pop.  in  1870,  6603 ;  in  1880,  7875;  in  1890,  9595. 

Socorro,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Socorro  co..  New 
Mexico,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  80  miles 
S.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  flour- 
mills.     Silver  is  found  near  it.    Pop.  in  1890,  1601. 

Socorro,  a  village  of  El  Paso  co.,  Tex.    Pop.  627. 

Socorro,  an  island  of  Patagonia.    See  Htjamblin. 

Socorro,  an  island  of  Mexico.    See  Revilla-Gigedo. 

Socorro,  so-koR'RO,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Boyaofi,  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona. 
Pop.  12,000  (?). 

Socorro  Mines,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  So- 
corro CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Socorro.    Sil 
ver  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Socotra,  Sokotrah,  so-ko'tr&  or  sok'o-tr&,  Socoto- 
ra,  sok'o-to-r&,  or  Soktra,  sok'tri  (anc.  Dioscor'idis  In'- 
tula),  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  120  miles  E.  of  Cape 
Guardafui,  the  E.  extremity  of  Africa,  and  belonging  to 
Keshin,  a  petty  state  of  Arabia,  about  240  miles  distant. 
Tamarida,  its  capital,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island,  is  in 
lat.  12°  39'  N.,  Ion.  54°  V  2"  E.  Length,  from  E.  to  W., 
70  miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Area,  estimated  at 
1000  square  miles,  and  the  population  at  from  4000  to  5000, 
mostly  Arabs,  negroes,  and  descendants  of  Portuguese.  Its 
centre  is  a  chain  of  granite  and  limestone  mountains,  rising 
to  5000  feet  in  height,  around  which  a  belt  of  low  land, 
from  2  to  4  miles  across,  skirts  the  sea.  In  its  fertility  it 
presents  in  some  parts  a  favorable  contrast  to  the  adjacent 
mainlands.  The  climate  is  more  temperate  than  on  the 
adjacent  continent.  The  products  comprise  aloes  of  the 
finest  quality,  dragon's-blood  and  other  gums,  tamarinds, 
tobacco,  dates,  a  kind  of  millet,  and  ghee.  The  domestic 
animals  are  oxen,  sheep,  goats,  camels,  and  civet-cats.  The 
trade  is  mostly  with  Muscat,  whence  most  provisions  are 
imported.  The  British  government  subsidizes  the  governor 
of  the  island  and  the  Sultan  of  Keshin,  but  has  no  direct 

control  over  Socotra. Adj.  Soc'otran  and  Socotrink, 

sok'o-trin ;  inhab.  Soootran. 

Socaeilamos,  so-kwdl-yi'moce,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  province  of  Ciudad  Real,  102  miles  S.E.  of 
Madrid.     Pop.  2824. 

So'da  Creek,  a  post-town  of  British  Columbia,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Eraser  River,  268  miles  above  Yale.  The 
Fraser  is  navigable  by  steamer  from  here  to  Quesnel,  a  dis- 
tance of  60  miles  north. 

Sodah,  so'di,  an  island  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  in 
the  Curia-Muria  group,  3  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 
Highest  peak,  1310  feet. 

Soda  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  oo.,  N.C. 

Soda  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Caddo  parish,  about  1 
mile  W.  of  Red  River,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Shreveport.  It 
is  the  central  part  of  a  large  expanse  of  water,  the  W.  por- 
tion of  which  is  called  Caddo  Lake  and  the  S.  part  Cross 
Lake.  These  are  connected  by  narrow  channels  with  Soda 
Lake,  which  is  about  16  miles  long.  The  surplus  water 
enters  Red  River.     This  lake  is  navigable  by  steamboats. 

Soda  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Tahoe,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Soda  Spring! 
Railroad  Station.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Soda  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on 
the  Bear  River,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Malade  CSty. 
Here  are  some  remarkable  springs,  containing  carbonic 
acid  gas,  which  causes  the  water  to  appear  as  if  it  was 
boiling.  The  taste  of  the  water  is  agreeably  pungent,  and 
slightly  metallic  from  the  presence  of  iron. 

So'daville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  mineral  spring. 

Soda  Works,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sod'dy,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 
It  has  4  churches,  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and  a  ma- 
sonic institute.     Coal  and  iron  ore  abound  here.    Pop.  454. 

Sdderfors,  s6'd§r-foRs\  a  village  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
37  miles  N.W.  of  Upsal,  on  an  island  in  the  Dal-elf,  having 
a  large  anchor-foundry,  employing  500  workmen. 

Soderhamn,  s6'd§r-hJ,mn,  a  town  of  Sweden,  ten  and 
42  miles  N.  of  Gefle,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Pop.  6234.  It  has  a  royal  manufactory  of  arms,  and  an 
export  trade  in  iron  and  timber. 

Soderkdping,  so'd§r-ko^ping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  ten 
and  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Linkoping,  on  the  Gotha  Canal,  1* 
miles  from  the  Baltic  Sea.     Pop.  1691. 


SUD 


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SOI 


SOdermannland)  so'd^r-m&nn-l&ntS  or  Suderma- 
aia^  80o'd§r-m4n'e-4,  an  old  province  of  Sweden,  now  sub- 
divided among  the  lans  of  Nykbping  and  Stockholm. 

SdderO)  so'd^h-ro^  an  island  of  Sweden,  l»n  of  Stock- 
holm, in  the  Aland  Strait.     Length,  7  miles. 

Sodertelge,  so'd^r-tiPgh^h,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm,  on  a  river  between  Lake 
Mffilar  and  the  Baltic  Sea.     Pop.  3051. 

Sod'om,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  1  mile  N.  by  E.  of  Church  Hill.  It  has  a 
ehuroh.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

So'dor  (originally  SOdttreys,  the  Norse  for  "  southern 
islands"),  a  bishopric  which  originally  included  the  southern 
islands  of  Scotland ;  but,  having  been  merged  in  that  of 
Man,  the  episcopal  jurisdiction  over  the  Scottish  islands 
finally  ceased.  The  bishop  of  the  Isle  of  Man  is  still  called 
Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  and  the  islet  of  Holm  Peel, 
whereon  stands  the  cathedral,  is  officially  called  Sodor. 
See  Peel. 

SodoruS)  Champaign  co..  111.    See  Sadobus. 

So'dus,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sodus  township,  Berrien  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  6  miles  8.E.  of  Benton 
Harbor.  It  has  2  flour-mills  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  841. 

Sodas,  a  post- village  in  Sodus  township,  Wayne  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad  or  Rome,  Water- 
town  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oswego, 
and  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flour-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  516. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and 
contains  other  villages,  named  Sodus  Point,  Sodus  Centre, 
and  Alton.     Pop.  in  1890,  1028;  of  the  township,  5157. 

Sodus  Bay,  Now  York,  is  a  portion  of  Lake  Ontario, 
extending  southward  into  Wayne  co.,  and  is  about  5  miles 
long.     It  forms  a  good  harbor. 

Sodus  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sodus  township, 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ontario  Southern  Railroad,  H 
miles  S.  of  Sodus  Point.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  foundry, 
2  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  &c. 

Sodus  Point,  a  post-village  in  Sodus  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  entrance  of  Sodus  Bay, 
about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  15  miles  N.  of 
Lyons.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Sodus  Point  <fc  South- 
ern Railroad.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  2  churches,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  bank,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Soeborg,  or  Soborg,  sb'boRG,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
island  of  Seeland,  on  a  small  lake,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Elsi- 
nore.  _^^*'  For  notices  of  most  Scandinavian  towns  spelt 
with  S(E,  refer  to  So. 

Soeby,  or  Soby,  sS'be,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Aeroe,  on  its  N.  coast,  10  miles  S.  of  Faaborg. 

Soekadana,  a  town  of  Borneo.     See  Succadana. 

Soemadang,  a  village  of  Java.     See  Sumadang. 

Soemanap,  Madura  Island.     See  Suuanap. 

Soembawa,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Sumbawa. 

Soepa,  soo'p&,  or  So'ping,  a  native  state  in  the  island 
of  Celebes,  about  the  middle  of  the  W.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of 
Boni.     Pop.  18,000. 

Soerabaya,  soo^r&-bi'&,  or  Soorabaya,  s5-r3,-bi'fir,  a 
Dutch  residency  of  the  island  of  Java,  on  the  N.E.  coast. 
Pop.  1,596,856. 

Soerabaya,  Soorabaya,  Sourabaya,  or  Sura- 
baya, 800-r&-bi'&,  a  seaport  town  of  Java,  capital  of  one 
of  the  provinces  into  which  the  island  is  divided  by  the 
Dutch,  on  its  N.  coast,  opposite  the  island  of  Madura,  and 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kediri.  Lat,  of  Kalemaas  Fort,  7°  14' 
5"  S. ;  Ion.  112°  44'  7"  E.  It  has  a  handsome  government 
house,  a  mint,  and  large  storehouses.  Its  harbor  is  the 
best  in  Java,  and  is  defended  by  many  forts  and  batteries. 
Here  are  ship-building  docks,  a  naval  arsenal,  and  a  can- 
non-foundry. It  is  the  seat  of  a  civil  court  and  court- 
martial,  with  appeal  to  the  supreme  court  in  Batavia.  It 
has  a  great  trade  with  the  interior  by  a  navigable  river  of 
the  same  name.     European  pop.  (1891)  5913. 

Soerakarta,  Soorakarta,  Sourakarta,  Sura- 
karta,  soo-ri-kaR'ti,  written  also  Soorakerta  and 
Sourakerta,  a  Dutch  residency  on  the  island  of  Java, 
near  its  centre.     Pop.  883,002. 

Soerakarta,  or  Solo,  the  capital  of  the  above  resi- 
dency, on  the  navigable  Solo  River.  It  has  a  garrison  and 
fort,  and  is  connected  by  railway  with  Djokjokarta  and 
Samarang.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  Emperor  of  Java,  a 
nominal  sovereign,  supported  in  magnificence  by  the  Dutch. 

Soeroasso,  soo^ro-is'so,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Sumatra,  in  the  uplands,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Padang.  It  is  one 
•f  the  four  old  capitals  of  the  kingdom  of  Menancabow. 


SoerOe,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  SohBe. 

Soest,  or  Sost,  so8t,a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Amsberg,  on  the  Soesterbach,  an  affluent 
of  the  Lippe.  Pop.  13,099.  It  has  several  churches,  an 
orphan  asylum,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen,  woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  leather,  and  paper, 
with  oil-mills,  breweries,  and  a  trade  in  corn.  It  was  for- 
merly one  of  the  Hanseatio  towns. 

Soest,  or  Zoest,  zoost,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  3371. 

Sofahun,  Cashmere.     See  Shupeyun. 

Sofala,  so-f4'li,  a  river  of  East  Africa,  in  the  Portu- 
guese captaincy-general  of  Mozambique,  has  an  eastward 
course  of  about  200  miles.    It  is  navigable  for  small  craft. 

Sofala,  a  town  of  East  Africa,  capital  of  a  government 
of  the  Portuguese  possessions  in  East  Africa,  on  a  river  of 
its  own  name,  in  lat.  (of  fort)  20°  10'  7"  S.,  Ion.  34°  46°  E. 
It  consists  chiefly  of  huts,  with  a  fort,  the  residence  of  a 
governor  and  garrison.  It  has  an  export  trade  in  slaves, 
ivory,  and  gold-dust,  and  is  on  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  2000. 

Sofia,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.    See  Sophia. 

Soflingen,  sofling-fn,  a  village  of  Wttrtemberg,  2 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2336. 

Sofroo,  or  Sofru,  so'froo,  written  also  Safrou  and 
Soforo,  a  town  of  Morocco,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fez.  In 
its  vicinity  are  productive  salt-mines. 

Sogama,  or  Zogama,  eo-gk'mk,  a  city  of  Africa,  in 
Borneo,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Lake  Chad.     Pop.  20,000. 

Sogamoso,  so-gi-mo'so,  or  Sogamoza,  so-g&-mo's&, 
a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Boyaoi,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Tunja,  on  the  Sogamoso  River. 

Sogdiana,  an  ancient  name  of  Bokhara. 

Soghanlee-Soo,  or  Soghanli-Su,  so-g&n'lee-soo, 
a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  joins  the  Filiyas  90  miles  N.  of 
Angora. 

Soghd,  sogd,  the  valley  of  the  Zerafshan,  a  river  of 
Central  Asia,  is  one  of  the  "  four  paradises"  of  the  Persian 
poets,  and  in  antiquity  it  gave  name  to  the  region  known 
as  Sogdiana,  N.  of  the  Amoo-Darya. 

Soghnt,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Shuqshut. 

Soglah  (so'gli)  Lake,  in  Asia  Minor,  63  miles  W.  of 
Karaman,  is  11  miles  in  length;  breadth,  7  miles.  The 
village  of  Soglah  is  on  its  S.E.  side. 

Sogliano,  sol-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Forll, 
17  miles  W.  of  Rimini.     Pop.  of  commune,  6239. 

Sognefiord,  sog^ni-fe-ORd',  a  very  long  and  narrow 
creek  of  Norway,  stretching  E.  from  the  sea,  where  the 
Sulen  Islands  nearly  cross  its  mouth,  up  to  the  field  of  the 
Sognefield  Mountains,  a  distance  of  about  90  miles. 

Sohagepoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sehajpoor. 

So^hagpoor',  or  Sohagepoor,  so*h8j-poor',  a  town 
of  India,  Central  Provinces,  72  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mundlah. 
Pop.  7552. 

So'ham,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Cambridge,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Ely.     Pop.  of  parish,  4283. 

Sohar,  so^har',  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominion  and  120 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Muscat,  on  the  sea.     Lat.  24°  24'  N. 

Sohl,  sol  (Hung.  Zolyotn),  a  county  of  Hungary,  N.E. 
of  the  Danube.  Area,  1052  square  miles.  Pop.  97,897, 
mostly  Slovacks.     Capital,  Neusohl. 

So'ho,  a  suburb  of  Birmingham,  England.  It  has  ex- 
tensive iron-works. 

Sohrau,  so'r5w,  written  also  Zyory,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  57  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  4196.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Soignies,  sw&n^yee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Senne,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Mons.  Pop.  6873. 
It  has  extensive  breweries  and  distilleries,  trade  in  stone 
and  lime,  and  large  annual  fairs. 

Soignies,  Forest  of,  in  Belgium,  South  Brabant, 
S.E.  of  Brussels,  is  15  miles  in  length  and  6  miles  in 
breadth.  At  its  S.  extremity  are  the  hamlet  of  Mont- 
Saint-Jean  and  the  field  of  Waterloo. 

Soissons,  sw&^s6is»',  almost  swi^sftN^'  (anc.  Augvs'ta 
Sueeao'num  or  Suessionum,  and  Noviodu'num),  a  fortified 
town  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Laon,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Aisne. 
Lat.  49°  28'  N.;  Ion.  3°  20'  E.  Pop.  10,754.  It  has  an 
ancient  castle,  2  ruined  abbeys,  a  deaf-mute  sehool,  a  col- 
lege, prison,  theatre,  library  of  30,000  volumes,  cathedral, 
manufactures  of  fine  carpets,  stockings,  linen,  leather,  pot- 
tery, <jbc.,  and  a  great  local  trade.  Clovis  made  Soissons  his 
residence  at  the  commencement  of  his  reign ;  under  his  de- 
scendants it  was  the  capital  of  a  separate  kingdom.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.  The  Canal  of  Soissons,  16  miles  long,  con- 
nects the  Aisne  with  the  Ourcq  and  Marne.  In  1870  it 
was  bombarded  and  taken  by  the  Germans. 


SOI 


2488 


SOL 


Soixante,  swi^zftNt',  a  village  in  St.  Hyacinthe  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  28  miles  E.N.B.  of 
Montreal,  and  about  8  miles  W.  of  St.  Hyaointhe.  It  has 
a  telegraph  office.     Pop.  226. 

Soj,  or  SojC)  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sozh. 

Sok,  sok,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of 
Orenboorg,  75  miles  N.B.  of  Serghievsk,  flows  S.W.,  and 
joins  the  Volga  15  miles  N.  of  Samara.     Course,  130  miles. 

Sokal)  so'k&l,  a  town  of  Austrian  Qa.licia,  33  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Zolkiew,  on  the  Bug.  Pop.  4803.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silk. 

Sokhoum-Kal6,  Russia.    See  Sookboou-Kal£. 

Sokna,  a  town  of  Fezzan.    See  Socena. 

So'ko,  a  state  and  town  of  Guinea,  in  North  Ashantee. 

Sokolka,  so-kol'k&,  a  town  of  Russia,  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Bialystok.     Pop.  3443. 

Sokolow,  so-ko'lov,  a  town  of  Poland,  17  miles  N.  of 
Siedlec.     Pop.  4815. 

SokoloWy  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gkdioia,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Rzeszow.    Pop.  3625. 

Sokota,  so-ko'ti,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  about  100  miles  E. 
of  Gondar.     It  is  a  place  of  considerable  size,  but  scattered. 

So  koto,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Saccatoo. 

Sokotra,  or  Soktra,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Socotra. 

Sola,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Ptlstaart. 

Solana,  so-li'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  7177.  It  nas  manufactures 
of  linens  and  woollens. 

So'land,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Solan'der  Island,  an  islet  of  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
New  Zealand. 

Solano,  so-l&'no,  a  county  of  California,  has  an  area 
of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the  great  central 
valley  of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Sac- 
ramento River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Suisun  Bay  and  the  Strait 
of  Carquinez.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  undulating 
prairies,  tule  marshes,  rounded  hills,  and  beautiful  valleys. 
This  county  is  almost  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  cattle,  wool,  wine,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Marble  and  hydraulic  limestone 
are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fairfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,871 } 
in  1880,  18,475;  in  1890,  20,946. 

Solano  House,  Yolo  co.,  Cal.    See  Davtsvulb. 

SoMapoor',  or  Sho^apoor',  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Solapoor  district,  on  the  Bombay-Madras  Rail- 
way, 165  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah.     Pop.  (1891)  61,916. 

Solapoor,  or  Sholapoor  (Sholapnr),  a  district  of 
India,  in  the  Deccan,  and  in  several  detached  parts.  It 
has  the  Kistnah  on  the  S.,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Beemah. 
Area,  3925  square  miles.    Capital,  Solapoor.    Pop.  816,037. 

Solarolo-Rainerio,  so-l&-ro'lo-ri-n&'re-o,  a  village 
of  Italy,  in  Cremona,  9  miles  N.  of  Casal  Maggiore.  P.  1337. 

Sdlarnssa,  so-l&-roos'sd,,  a  village  on  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Busachi.     Pop.  1886. 

Soldau,  sol'd3w,  a  river  of  Prussia,  issues  from  a  lake 
near  a  town  of  the  same  name,  and  unites  with  the  Mlawka 
in  forming  the  Wkra.     Length,  60  miles. 

Soldau,  or  Dizialdowo,  dit-se-il-do'vo  (?),  a  town 
of  East  Prussia,  on  the  Soldau,  and  on  the  Polish  frontier, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Neidenburg.     Pop.  2809. 

Soldier,  s5l'j§r,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.   P.  101. 

Soldier,  a  post-township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Soldier  River.  Pop.  189.  Soldier  Post- 
Office  is  13  miles  N.W.  of  Dunlap. 

Soldier,  a  to?mship  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  339. 

Soldier,  a  township  of  Shawnee  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1183. 

Soldier,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  15 
miles  W.  of  Holton,  Kansas. 

Soldier  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  or  near  Nemaha  co., 
runs  southward  through  Jackson  oo.,  and  enters  the  Kan- 
sas River  about  3  miles  below  Topeka.  It  is  nearly  60 
miles  long. 

Soldier  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Kansas. 

Soldier  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Ida  co.,  runs  southwest- 
ward  through  Monona  and  Harrison  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Magnolia.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Soldiers'  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  township, 
Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Kickapoo  River,  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  3  stores. 

Soldier  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 

Soldin,  sol-deen',  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 25  miles  N.E.  of  KUstrin.  Pop.  6295.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens  and  linens. 


Soldov,  or  Soldow.     See  Solvitchegodsk. 

Solebury,  sol'b§r-e,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
is  bounded  N.E.  by  the  Delaware  River.  It  contains  Car- 
versville  and  Lumberville.     Pop.  2791. 

Sol^edad',  a  township  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.  P.  265. 

Soledad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  143  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

So'lent,  The,  is  that  part  of  the  sea  between  the  Isle 
of  Wight  and  the  mainland  of  England,  which  extends  W. 
from  Fort  Monekton  to  Hurst  Castle,  being  continuous  E. 
with  Spithead  and  N.  with  Southampton  Water.  Length, 
18  miles ;  average  breadth,  3  miles. 

Solero,  so-li'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  railway  from 
Turin  to  Genoa,  6  miles  W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3116. 

Solesino,  so-li-see'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Padua.     Pop.  2504. 

Solesmes,  soM&m',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Selle,  12  miles  E.  of  Cambrai.  Pop.  6723.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  calicoes,  woollen  goods,  and  flour. 

Solesmes,  a  commune  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  18  milea 
from  La  FlSche.  Here  is  a  beautiful  mediaeval  priory, 
with  a  church.  This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  monas- 
tic edifices  in  France. 

Soleto,  so-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Leoce,  15  miles  W. 
of  Otranto,  near  the  ruins  of  ancient  Salentia.   Pop.  2344. 

Soleure,  so-loor'  (Fr.  pron.  soMuh';  Ger.  Solothurn, 
Bo'lo-tooBn^),  a  oanton  of  Switzerland,  in  its  N.W.  part, 
enclosed  by  the  cantons  of  Bern,  Basel,  and  Aargau.  Area, 
255  square  miles.  In  the  N.  and  W.  it  is  covered  by  ram- 
ifications of  the  Jura  Mountains.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Aar,  Emmen,  and  Diinnern.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  ex- 
cellent live-stock  is  reared.  Iron  and  marble  are  important 
Eroducts ;  the  principal  manufactures  are  iron  goods,  calico, 
osiery,  and  paper.  The  canton  is  divided  into  9  districts 
or  bailiwicks.     Pop.  80,424,  mostly  Catholics. 

Soleure  (Ger.  Solothurn  ;  anc.  Salodu'rum),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  situated  on  the 
Aar,  at  the  foot  of  the  Jura,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern. 
Pop.  7054.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  a  museum  with 
a  collection  of  fossils,  a  government  house,  a  very  old  clock- 
tower,  arsenal,  barracks,  theatre,  a  college,  a  public  library, 
and  a  botanic  garden. 

Solfach,  sol'fiK,  or  Sol'va,  a  beautiful  village  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Pembroke,  on  St.  Bride's  Bay,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  St.  David's. 

Solfatara,  sol-f&-t&'r&  (anc.  A'qum  Al'hulsef),  a  small 
lake  of  Central  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of  Tivoli.  On  it  are  sev- 
eral floating  islets,  and  near  it  are  the  ruined  baths  of 
Agrippa.  A  canal  2  miles  in  length  carries  its  sulphurous 
waters  into  the  Teverone.  The  term  solfatara,  in  a  gen- 
eral sense,  designates  those  volcanoes  which  are  nearly  ex- 
tinct, but  still  exhale  hot  vapors.  Of  these  there  are  many 
in  Italy. 

Solferino,  sol-fi-ree'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Mantua.  Here  the  French  and 
Italians  defeated  the  Austrians,  June  24,  1859. 

Sol-Galiskaia,  sol-g3,-le-ski'&,  or  Sol-Galitzkoi, 
sol-gi-lit-skoi',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  100  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Kostroma,  on  the  Kostroma  River.     Pop.  3322. 

Solgohachia,  sol-go-hatch'e-a,  a  post-village  of  Con- 
way CO.,  Ark.,  9  miles  N.  of  Morrillton  Station.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Solihull',  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Birmingham.     Pop.  of  parish,  3741. 

Solikamsk,  so-le-kimsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  115  miles  N.  of  Perm.     Pop.  3733. 

Soliman  Mountains,  Afghanistan.    See  Suleikak. 

Solimoens,  so-le-mo-SN«',  a  name  of  the  Amazon 
River,  Brazil.  (See  Amazon.)  Solimoens  is  also  the  name 
of  the  large  river  of  the  province  of  Parfi. 

Soli'na,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Bowmanville.     Pop.  125. 

Soling^en,  so'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14 
miles  B.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  15,142,  who  manufacture 
swords,  bayonets,  and  cutlery.  The  celebrity  which  So- 
lingen  enjoys  in  its  particular  branch  of  trade  reaches  back 
to  the  twelfth  century. 

So-Ling-Shan,  or  So-Ling-Chan,  so^ling^shin', 
a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  in  lat.  32°  59' 
N.,  Ion.  104°  59'  E.,  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Solipaca,  8o-lS-p3,'kl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta,  near  the  Galore.  P.  4043. 

Sol'itary  Island,  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  14°  21' 
S.,  Ion.  176°  35'  W.,  was  discovered  by  MendaSa  in  1595. 

Solitary  Island,  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  49°  50'  S.,  Ion. 
68°  5'  E. 


^SOL 


2489 


SOL 


Solitary  Island*  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in  lat. 
80°  13'  S.,  Ion.  1530  13'  E. 

Sol'itade,  a  post-office  of  Posey  co.,  Ind. 

Solitude,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  00.,  N.T.,  on  the  Ul- 
ster &  Delaware  Railroad,  near  Dean's  Corners  Station. 

Solitnde*  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Soller,  sol-yaiR',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  on 
its  N.W.  coast,  14  miles  N.  of  Palma.  Pop.  4647.  It  has 
exports  of  oranges,  figs,  and  wine. 

Sollies-le-Ponty  soPlee'-l^h-pdN",  a  town  of  France, 
in  Var,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2239. 

Solmona,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Sulmona. 

SolmS)  solms,  an  old  principality  of  Germany,  situated 
on  the  Lahn,  now  subdivided  into  several  small  mediatized 
principalities  belonging  to  the  different  branches  of  the 
House  of  Solms,  the  chief  of  which  are  the  following : 

S0LM8  Baruth  Wildenfkls,  solms  bl'rSfit  ^il'd^n-fSls^ 
n  principality  of  Hesse  and  Prussia. 

Solms  Braunfels,  solms  brflwn'fSls,  a  principality,  with 
iiossessions  in  Prussia,  Wiirtemberg,  and  Hesse.  Capital, 
Braunfels. 

SoiiHS  Laubach,  solms  15w'b&K,  a  principality  of  Hesse. 

Solus  Laxibach  Baruth  R5delheih,  solms  Idw'b&K  b&'- 
r55t  ro'd^l-hime^  and  Assenheim,  is's^n-hime^  two  prin- 
oipalities  of  Prussia  and  Hesse. 

Solus  Lich,  solms  lis,  and  Hohbn  Solus,  ho'^n  solms. 
Capitals,  Lich  and  Hohen  Solms. 

Solnitz,  sol'nits,  or  Solnicze,  sol-neet'si,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  18  miles  E.  of  KSniggr'dtz.     Pop.  1533. 

Solo*  a  town  of  Java.     See  Soerakabta. 

So'lo,  a  hamlet  of  Davidson  00.,  N.C,  12  miles  S.  of 
Winston.     It  has  a  church. 

Solo,Bo'lo,Bengawan,  bin-g&-wfi,n',  or  Sambaya, 
s&m-bi'&,  the  largest  and  most  important  river  of  Java,  rises 
in  the  province  of  Soerakarta,  passes  the  town  of  that  name, 
Qows  E.N.E.  in  a  very  zigzag  course,  and  falls  into  the 
Java  Sea  opposite  the  W.  end  of  the  island  of  Madura. 
Total  course,  with  windings,  about  356  miles. 

Solofra,  so-lo'fr&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
!inc,  7  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Avellino.  Pop.  4553.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  jewelry. 

Sologne,  soMon',  an  old  district  of  France,  now  com- 
prised in  the  departments  of  Loir-et-Cher  and  Loiret. 

Solola,  80-lo-l&',a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and 
85  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  5000. 

Solom'bo,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands  in  the  Java 
Sea.     Lat.  of  Great  Solombo,  5°  33'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  24'  E. 

Sol'omon,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  541. 
It  contains  Brittsville  and  Glasco. 

Solomon,  a  township  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  249. 

Solomon,  a  township  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  266. 

Solomon,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  463. 

Solomon  City,  a  post-village  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Solomon  River,  about  1 
mile  from  its  junction  with  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Solomon  Station,  9  miles 
W.  of  Abilene,  and  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Salina.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  saline  springs,  from  which  salt  is  manufactured. 
The  Continental  Salt- Works,  nearly  2  miles  from  Solomon, 
manufacture  salt  by  solar  evaporation.     Pop,  about  1000. 

Sol'omon  Islands  (Fr.  Ilea  Salomon,  eel  s&Mo^- 
m6N»'),  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  5°  and  12° 
S.  and  Ion.  154°  and  163°  E.  The  principal  are  Bougain- 
ville, Choiseul,  San  Isabel,  Guadalcanar,  the  Arsacides,  Ma- 
layta,  New  Georgia,  Rennel,  and  San  Cristoval.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  fertile,  and  well  wooded ;  the  shores  pre- 
cipitous, with  fringing  reefs.  The  islands  are  of  volcanic 
origin,  and  have  an  active  volcano.  The  population  com- 
prises both  Malays  and  Papuan  negroes.  These  islands 
were  discovered  by  MendaSa  in  1567.  They  form  a  double 
row,  700  miles  long,  and  some  of  them  are  very  large. 

Solomon  (or  Salomon)  Islands,  a  group  of  11 
islets  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  N.  of  the  Chagos  Islands,  a 
dependency  of  the  Mauritius. 

Sol'omon  Rapids,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  00., 
Kansas,  on  the  Solomon  River,  about  56  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Salina.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  318. 

Solomon  River,  Kansas,  is  formed  by  its  North  and 
South  Forks,  which  rise  near  together  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state,  and  both  run  eastward.  They  unite  in  Mitchell 
CO.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Beloit.  It  runs  southeastward 
through  Ottawa  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Smoky  Hill  River 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  The  stream  formed  by  this 
junction  is  the  Kansas  River.  The  Solomon  River  is  about 
120  miles  long,  or,  including  one  of  its  forks,  nearly  300 
miles.  The  forks  are  nearly  equal  in  length. 
157 


Solomon's  Island,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
on  an  island  in  the  mouth  of  Patuxent  River,  3  miles  from 
Chesapeake  Bay,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  It 
has'  2  churches,  a  marine  railway,  a  steamboat-landing,  and 
67  houses.     It  is  partly  supported  by  the  oyster-trade. 

Solomon's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  00.,  Ala., 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Clayton.     It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills. 

Sol'omonsville,  a  post- village,  the  capital  of  Graham 
CO.,  Arizona,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Tucson. 

So'lon,  a  post-village  in  Big  Grove  township,  Johnson 
CO.,  Iowa,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  11 
miles  N.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage- 
factory,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  (1890)  353. 

Solon,  a  post-village  in  Solon  township,  Somerset  00., 
Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Augusta, 
and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  &o.  Pop.  of  th* 
township,  1176. 

Solon,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1310. 

Solon,  a  post-township  of  Leelanawoo.,  Mich.,  12  milec 
N.W.  of  Traverse  City.     Pop.  256. 

Solon,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  about  24  milei 
S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Solon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Solon  township,  Cortland  co., 
N.Y.,  about  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Syracuse.  The  township 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  834. 

Solon,  a  post- village  in  Solon  township,  Cuyahoga  co., 
0.,  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great 
Western  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Painesville,  Can- 
ton &  Bridgeport  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores.  Large  quantities  of  cheese 
are  shipped  here.  Pop.  of  the  township,  899.  It  has  5 
cheese-factories. 

Solon,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  about  60 
miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Solon  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  on 
the  Nippersink  River,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Elgin.  It  has 
a  church. 

Solor,  so^Ior',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off 
the  E.  extremity  of  Flores,  separated  from  it  by  the  Strait 
of  Flores,  and  by  another  strait  from  Adenara,  to  the  N. 
Lat.  of  the  S.  point,  8°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  8'  E.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  30  miles;  breadth,  15  miles. 

Solotchev,  or  Solotschew,  Russia.    See  Zolocbev. 

Solothurn,  Switzerland.     See  Soleure. 

Solotivina,  so-Io-te-vee'ni,  or  Solotwina,  so-lot- 
♦ee'ni,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Stanislawow.     Pop.  2755. 

Solotonosha,  Russia.     See  Zolotonosha. 

Solovetskoi,  so-lo-vfit-skoi',  or  Solovki,  so-lov'kee, 
an  island  of  Russia,  in  the  White  Sea,  100  miles  N.W.  of 
Onega,  in  lat.  65°  N.,  Ion.  36°  50'  E.  Length,  15  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.     Talc  is  a  principal  product. 

Solre-le-Cli&teau,8orr-l§h-shaHo',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2443. 

Solre-sur-Sambre,  sol'r-silR-sfiMb'r,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the  Sambre,  13  miles  E.  of  Mens. 

Solsberry,  8olz'b?r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  about  46  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.    It  has  2  churches. 

Solsona,  sol-so'n4  (anc.  Cehat),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  55  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida.  Pop.  2671.  It  has 
a  cathedral  and  manufactures  of  iron-wares. 

Solsville,  solz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Madison  township,  on  the  Utica  Branch  of  the  New  York 
A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Utica. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  24  houses. 

Solt,  solt  (Ger.  Solth,  solt),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
48  miles  S.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  5696. 

Solta,  8ol't&  (anc.  Olyn'tha  f),  an  island  of  Dalmatia, 
circle  of  Spalato,  in  the  Adriatic,  W.  of  Brazza.  Length, 
from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  10  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.  Pop.  1300. 
On  its  N.  shore  is  a  village  of  its  own  name. 

Soltan,  sol'tfiw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  about 
40  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  2201. 

So'lum,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.     P«,p.  292. 

Sol'va,  a  village  of  Wales.     See  Solpach. 

SOlvesberg,  sol'v^-b^RoS  or  Sdlvitsbnrg,  sSl'vits- 
bd5RG\  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  37  miles  W.  of  Carls- 
crona,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1534. 

Solvitchegodsk,  sol-ve-ch&-godsk',  SoldoT,  or 
Soldow,  sol-dov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  26K 
miles  N.E.  of  Vologda.     Pop.  1304. 

Sol 'way  Firth,  a  large  inlet,  stretching  from  the  Irish 
Sea  N.E.  between  England  and  Scotland,  having  S.  and  E. 
the  CO.  of  Cumberland,  and  N.  the  cos.  of  Kirkcudbright 
and  Dumfries.  Breadth  at  the  entrance,  24  miles ;  length, 
inland,  38  miles.     At  its  head  it  receives  the  Esk;  and  tb^ 


SOL 


2490 


SOM 


Annan,  Nith,  Dee,  and  Urr  join  it  from  the  Scotch  and  the 
Derwent  and  Ellen  from  the  English  side.  During  ebb- 
tide much  of  the  firth  is  a  naked  flat,  but  the  tidal  wave 
returns  very  suddenly  and  with  great  violence,  so  that  ac- 
eidents  to  shipping  have  repeatedly  happened.  Its  fisheries, 
chiefly  salmon,  are  extensive  and  valuable. 

Sol  way  MOSS)  a  drained  area  about  7  miles  in  circum- 
ference, in  the  co.  of  Cumberland,  adjoining  Solway  Firth. 

Soma^  so'm&,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  25  miles  E.  of 
Bergama. 

Soma,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Somma. 

Somaglia,  so-mil'yi,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  of  Milan,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Codogno.     Pop.  2393. 

Somain,  so^min»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
North  Railway,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Douai.  Pop.  4274.  It 
has  distilleries,  glass-works,  a  coal-mine,  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  linen,  sugar,  Ac. 

Somariva  del  Parno.    See  Sommariva  del  Parno. 

Somauli,  Africa.     See  Adel,  and  Eessah  SoMAri-EE. 

Sombor,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Zombor. 

Som'braj  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  21  miles  S.  of  Sarnia.  It  has  4  stores 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Sombreffe,  som'brfif-f§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  2413. 

Sombrerete,  som-bri-ri't4,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  85  miles  N.W.  of  Zacateoas.    Near  it  are  silver-mines. 

Sombrero,  som-bri'ro,  an  islet  of  the  British  West 
Indies,  about  midway  between  Anguilla  and  the  Virgin 
Islands.  Lat.  18°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  27'  W.  It  has  afforded 
guano  and  lime  phosphate. 

Sombrero,  a  village  of  Venezuela,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Caracas. 

Someisat,orSnmei8at,soo-m&-s&t' (anc.  <S'amo»a(a), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Bir. 

So'mer,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  111.    Pop.  1120. 

Somerein,  or  Sommerein,  som'm§h-rine\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Presburg,  on  the  island 
of  Great  Sehutt.     Pop.  2555. 

Someriield,  siim'^r-feeld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  64  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Somerford,  Ohio.    See  Summerford. 

Somerford,  siim'^r-ford,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0. 
Pop.  925. 

Somergem,  som'^r-ohim^  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6121. 

Somers,  sum'§rz,  a  post-village  in  Somers  township, 
Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Somersville,  and  has  2  churches  and  a  hat-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890, 1407. 

Somers,  a  post-village  in  Somers  township,  Westches- 
ter CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New  York 
&  Mahopac  Railroad,  about  48  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  national  bank.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Croton  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1636. 

Somers,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1862. 

Somers,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kenosha  co.,  AVis., 
in  Somers  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
27i  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan, which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  township.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1450. 

Somers  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somers  township, 
Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Mahopac  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Somerset,  or  Somersetshire,  sQm'^r-set-shir,  a 
county  of  England,  having  N.  the  Bristol  Channel,  and 
from  S.W.  round  to  N.E.  the  cos.  of  Devon,  Dorset,  Wilts, 
and  Gloucester.  Area,  1636  square  miles.  Coast-line  and 
surface  very  much  diversified  and  highly  picturesque.  It 
is  watered  by  the  Parret,  Brue,  Axe,  Avon,  Yeo,  and  Tone 
Rivers,  all  of  which  flow  to  the  Bristol  Channel.  Along 
the  rivers  are  many  marshes  and  tracts  of  high  fertility, 
but  in  other  parts  are  extensive  wastes,  as  Exmoor  at  the 
W.  extremity.  Dunkerry  Beacon,  also  in  the  W.,  rises  to 
1668  feet  in  height.  Cheddar  and  other  cheeses,  wool,  and 
cider  are  the  principal  products.  Coal,  stone,  calamine, 
and  fullers'-earth  are  obtained ;  woollen  goods,  silks,  gloves, 
linens,  stockings,  paper,  glass,  iron-wares,  wool-cards,  shoes, 
leather,  and  malt  are  manufactured.  The  county  contains 
the  cities  of  Bath,  Wells,  and  a  part  of  Bristol,  the  bor- 
oughs of  Bridgewater,  Taunton,  Prome,  Axbridge,  Chard, 
Slastonbury,  Langport,  Yeovil,  and  Somerton  (whence 
its  name),  and  numerous  market-towns.  It  returns  four 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Antiquities  of  almost 


every  period  of  British  history  are  met  with  in  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1891,  484,326. 

Somerset,  siim'^r-set,  a  northwestern  county  of  Maine, 
borders  on  Canada.  Area,  about  3664  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Kennebec,  Penobscot,  and  Sebastioook  Rivers, 
and  contains  a  number  of  small  lakes.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  sugar-maple,  beech,  birch,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  wool, 
cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
connected  with  Portland,  Bangor,  Augusta,  Lewiston,  and 
other  cities  of  the  state  by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Skowhegan,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
34.611 ;  in  1880,  32,333  :  in  1890,  32,627. 

Somerset,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maryland,  has 
an  area  of  about  365  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Wicomico  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Pocomoke 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  pine,  hickory,  cedar,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  partly  sandy.  Indian  com,  oats,  potatoes,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
New  York,  Philadelphia  A  Norfolk  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  Princess  Anne,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,190; 
in  1880,  21,668;  in  1890,  24,155. 

Somerset,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  New 
Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  303  square  miles.  It  is 
drainedby  the  Raritan,  Passaic,  and  Millstone  Rivers,  and 
the  North  and  South  Branches  of  the  Raritan,  which  unite 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  county.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Lamington  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  Bound 
Brook.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  or  mountainous,  and 
partly  undalating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  com, 
wheat,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  part  of  the  soil,  and  copper  is  said  to  be  found 
here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  A 
Reading  Railroad,  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Somerville.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,510 ; 
in  1880,  27,162;  in  1890,  28,311. 

Somerset,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  1106  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Castleman  River  and  by  Stony 
and  Shade  Creeks.  The  Youghiogheny  River  touches  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  county.  A  long  ridge,  called  Laurel  Hill, 
extends  along  its  W.  border.  The  surface  is  also  diversified 
by  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  chestnut,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  It  has  many  thousand  acres  of 
woodland.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Hay,  butter,  cattle,  oats,  rye,  and  maple  sugar  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
opened  in  this  county,  which  also  has  iron  ore  and  lime- 
stone. It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Somerset.  Pop.  in  1870, 
28,226;  in  1880,  33,110;  in  1890,  37,317. 

Somerset,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerset  township.  Saline 
CO.,  111.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Qoleonda,  and  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Harrisburg,  the  capital  of  the  county.  The  township 
contains  2  churches,  and  the  village  general  stores.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  800. 

Somerset,  a  hamlet  in  Laurel  township,  Franklin  co., 
Ind.,  2  miles  from  Laurel  Station.     Pop.  94. 

Somerset,  a  post- village  in  Waltz  township,  Wabash 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Peru.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     P.  371. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad, 
at  Somerset  Station,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Paola.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Somerset,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  the 
Cumberland  River,  and  79  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  masonic  college.     Pop.  in  1890,  2625. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  in  Somerset  township,  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Taunton  River,  and  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  6  miles 
N.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  a  graded  school,  7  churches,  iron- 
works, a  stove-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  stone-ware. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  2006  :  in  1890,  2106. 

Somerset,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerset  township,  Hills- 
dale CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  17i  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale,  and  about  16  mile* 
S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1366. 

Somerset,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn. 

Somerset,  a  township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  762. 


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Somerset,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1114. 

Somerset,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  about  1ft  miles 
N.E.  of  Princeton.  TJie  name  of  its  post-ofBce  is  Cleopatra. 

Somerset,  a  village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Clapper  Station,  which 
is  31  miles  W.  hy  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  nas  a  church  and  a 
pottery. 

Somerset,  a  post- village  in  Somerset  township,  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  from 
Somerset  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewiston.  It  contains  2  churches, 
about  30  houses,  and  a  union  school.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1918. 

Somerset,  a  Tillage  in  Somerset  township,  Belmont 
CO.,  0.     Pop.  197. 

Somerset,  Jefferson  co.,  0.    See  New  Somerset. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  in  Reading  township,  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newark,  and  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Coal  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1127. 

Somerset,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Somerset  co..  Pa., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  about  36  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  A 
branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  connects  this 
place  with  Rockwood.  Somerset  has  5  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  2  banking-houses.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1713;  of  the  township,  3462. 

Somerset,  township,  Washington  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1325. 

Somerset,  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 

Somerset,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  is  drained  by  the  Deer- 
field  River.     Pop.  80. 

Somerset,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerset  township,  St. 
Croix  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Apple  River,  6  miles  W.  of  New 
Richmond,  and  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  is 
bounded  W.  by  St.  Croix  River.     Pop.  of  township,  968. 

Somerset,  sum'§r-8et,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  2  miles  from  Berwick.     Pop.  180. 

Somerset,  a  post- village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  12  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  250. 

Somerset,  a  settlement  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
14  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  75. 

Somerset,  or  Ples'sisville,  a  village  in  Megantic 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  51  miles  S.W. 
of  Quebec.  It  contains  several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding- 
mills,  a  tannery,  an  iron-foundry,  a  church,  a  convent, 
hotels,  and  stores.     Pop.  1200. 

Somerset,  or  Somerset  East,  a  town  of  Cape 
Colony,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Graham's  Town,  at  the  base  of 
the  Boschberg.     Pop.  2231. 

Somerset  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Somerset  Fnrnace,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa., 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Somerset  Junction,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Iowa, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Indianola  and  Winterset  Branches 
of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15^  miles 
S.  of  Des  Moines. 

Somerset  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mercer  &  Somerset 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Somerset  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township, 
Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River  and  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has 
water-power,  a  grist-mill,  several  saw-mills,  and  a  church. 

Somerset  River,  Africa.     See  Swakop  River. 

Somersetshire,  England.    See  Somerset. 

Somerset  Station,  Iowa.    See  Summerset. 

Somers  Islands.    See  Bermuda  Islands. 

Somers  (sum'^rz)  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Tioga  River  and  the  Tioga  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.,  and  i  mile  from  Tioga  Junction. 

Somers  Point,  a  post-hamlet  and  port  of  entry  of 
Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on  Great  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railway,  7^  miles 
S.W.  of  Pleasantville,  and  about  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  At- 
lantic City. 

SomersTille,  8fim'?rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Contra 
Costa  CO.,  Cal.,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
has  a  church.  Coal-mining  is  the  principal  business  of  this 
place,  from  which  the  Black  Diamond  Railroad  extends  to 
Black  Diamond  (or  New  Tork  Landing),  a  post-village  on 
Suisun  Bay. 


Somersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  oo.,  Conn.,  in 
Somers  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Thompsonville.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Somersworth,  siim'ejrs-wprth,  a  township  of  Strafford 
CO.,  N.H.    Pop.  5586.   It  includes  the  village  of  Great  Falls. 

Somerton,  siim'^r-tpn,  a  town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  to  which  it  gave  name,  on  the  Carey,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilchester.     Pop.  2302. 

Somerton,  siim'9r-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co., 
0.,  in  Somerset  township,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bamesville, 
and  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  a  bank,  2  or 
3  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  197. 

Somerton,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office.  Somerton  is  a  sta- 
tion on  the  New  York  &  Philadelphia  New  Line,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cigar-factories. 

Somerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va.,  about 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Norfolk.    It  has  a  church. 

Somervell,  sfim'§r-vSl,  a  county  of  Texas.  Area,  200 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Biizos  River.  Capi- 
tal, Glen  Rose.     Pop.  in  1880,  2649;  in  1890,  3419. 

Somerville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
about  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntsville,  and  5  miles  S.  of  the 
Tennessee  River.  It  has  a  brick  church,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  steam  fioar-mill. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  about 
25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerville  township, 
Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  505. 

Somerville,  a  city  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  a  suburb 
of  the  city  of  Boston,  on  the  Lowell  Railroad,  2  miles  from 
the  initial  station  in  Boston.  It  contains  23  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  2  extensive  slaughtering 
establishments,  tanneries,  tube-works,  bleachery,  oil-re- 
finery, iron-foundries,  and  manufactures  of  funeral-wares, 
canned  goods,  bricks,  ladders,  cigars,  etc.  Many  of  the 
residences  are  elegant  and  costly.  Its  post-office  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  40,152. 

Somerville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somerset  co., 
N.J.,  in  Bridgewater  township,  on  the  Raritan  River,  and 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  36  miles  \?  .S.W.  of 
New  York,  and  about  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Brunswick. 
It  is  connected  with  Flemington  by  railroad,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
several  classical  schools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
weekly  newspapers.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  car- 
riages, sash  and  blinds,  soap,  shirts,  and  shoes.     Pop.  3861. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rossie  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatohie  River,  2  miles 
from  Keene  Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  113. 

Somerville,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  on  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Hamilton  with  Richmond,  Ind.,  14  miles  N.  of 
Hamilton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  389. 

Somerville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fayette  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Loosahatchee  River,  52  miles  by  rail  E.  by 
N.  of  Memphis.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Somerville 
Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  long,  which  connects  with  th« 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad  at  Moscow.  It  has  a 
court-housf,  a  jail,  6  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  hotels,  a  female  institute,  a  flour-mill,  and  9  dry- 
goods  stores,  and  is  surrounded  by  rich  cotton-plantations. 
Pop.  in  1880,  834  ;  in  1890,  893. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Somerville,  siim'^r-vil,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  lOJ  miles  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Somes  (somz)  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Somesville,  somz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me., 
on  Mount  Desert  Island,  at  the  head  of  Somes  Sound,  8 
miles  AV.  of  Bar  Harbor.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and 
several  lumber-mills.     Here  is  Mount  Desert  Post-Office. 

Somlyo,  som'le-o,  a  market-town  of  Transylvania,  oo. 
of  Szilagy,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Klausenbnrg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  2747. 

Somma,  som'm&,  or  Soma,  8o'm&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Milan,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  3172. 

Somma,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  E.  of  Naples,  at  the 
foot  of  Monte  Somma,  the  N.  flank  of  Mount  Vesuvius. 
Pop.  4206.  It  has  a  castle,  a  college,  several  churches,  a 
publio  hospital,  and  a  trade  in  wines  and  fruits. 

Somma  Campagna,  som'm&  k&m-p&n'y&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Verona.     Pop.  2793. 

Somma  Paz,  8om'm&  p&s,  a  mountain-range  of  Soutb 
America,  extending  E.  of  the  Magdalena  to  Lake  Mara- 
caybo  and  the  city  of  Valencia  in  Venezuela. 


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Sommariva  del  Bosco,  som-mi-ree'v4  dil  bos'ko,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Coni,  8  miles  S.B.  of  Carmagnola.    P.  4460. 

SommariTa  del  Pamo,  som-mi-ree'vi  d41  paR'no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  contiguous  to  the  above.     Pop.  2096. 

Sommey  somm  (anc.  Sam'ara),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
N.E.  of  Saint-Quentin,  in  the  department  of  Aisne,  flows 
past  Amiens,  and  enters  the  English  Channel  between  Le 
Crotoy  and  Saint- Valery-sur-Somme.  Its  chief  affluent  is 
the  Arve,  on  the  left.  Length,  117  miles.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Oise  and  Scheldt  by  the  Canal  of  the  Somme. 

Sommey  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France,  in  Pi- 
cardy,  having  W.  the  English  Channel.  Area,  2343  square 
miles.  Pop,  in  1891,  546,496.  The  surface  is  flat.  The 
Somme  is  tne  only  river  of  importance.  The  soil  is  fertile 
in  corn,  hemp,  lint,  and  hops.  It  has  numerous  manufac- 
tures, the  chief  being  velvets,  cottons,  woollens,  soap,  sugar, 
and  paper.  The  department  is  traversed  by  the  Northern 
Railway,  and  by  the  railway  from  Amiens  to  Boulogne. 
Capital,  Amiens. 

Sorn'mee^  a  town  of  India,  in  Palanpoor,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Radhunpoor.     Pop.  6486. 

Sommelsdyk,  or  Sommelsduk)  sorn'm^ls-dik^  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  island  of 
Overflakkee,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2384. 

Som'men,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Linkoping,  15  miles  E.  of  Lake  Wetter.  Length,  26 
miles ;  breadth,  8  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplos  waters 
N.  into  Lake  Roxen  and  the  Baltic  Sea. 

Sdmrnerda^  sSm-mdR'd&,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Unstrut.  Pop.  6946.  It 
has  manufactures  of  arms. 

Sommerein,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Bohbreik. 

Sommerfeld,  som'm^r-fdlt^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  on  the  Lupa,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Frankfort, 
on  the  Berlin  &  Glogau  Railway.  Pop.  10,236.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Sommersville,  s&m'm^rz-vll,  a  station  of  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  N.C. 

Sommi^res,  som^me-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  N!mes.  Pop.  3588.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  manufactures,  many  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of 
tricots,  blankets,  pottery,  Ac. 

Somnaath,  som^nawt',  or  Pnttan  Somnauth,  pilt^- 
tun'  som^nawt',  a  maritime  town  of  India,  in  Kattywar,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Diu  Head,  in  lat.  20°  63'  N.,  Ion.  70°  35'  E., 
and  famous  for  a  temple  which  was  long  a  principal  place 
of  Hindoo  pilgrimage  and  celebrated  for  its  vast  wealth, 
but  which  was  sacked  by  Mahmood  of  Ghuznee  in  1024 
and  its  gates  carried  to  Ghuznee.  They  were  removed  by 
the  British  in  1842  and  brought  back  into  India. 

SomnO)  Rio  do^  ree'o  do  som'no,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
rises  on  the  confines  of  the  state  of  Pemambuoo,  and,  pro- 
ceeding N.N.W.,  joins  the  Tocantins  on  the  right. 

Somno,  Rio  dO)  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  state 
of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  frontiers  of  the  state  of  Goyaz, 
flows  N.E.,  receiving  the  Almas  on  the  right,  and  joins  the 
Paragatu. 

Somog^y,  a  county  of  Hungary.    See  StfMEGH. 

Somonauk)  som'o-nawk,  a  post-village  in  Somonauk 
township,  De  Kalb  co,.  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  60i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  *nd  about 
24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  graded  school,  7 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
a  broom-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  468.  The  township  contains 
a  larger  village,  named  Sandwich,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3842. 

Somorrostro,  so-moR-Ros'tro,  a  village  or  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Somoserra,  so-mo-sSR'R&,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Guadalajara. 

Somu-Somu,  so'moo-so'moo,  a  town  in  the  Pacific,  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  Vuna  (or  Tabe-Ouni),  one  of  the  largest 
of  the  Feejee  group,  in  lat.  16°  46'  S.,  Ion.  179°  58'  W. 

Sonai,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sonye. 

Soncino,  son-chee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
20  milez  N.N.W.  of  Cremona,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  3782. 

Souderburg,  sou'd^r-bSdRo",  or  Souderborg,  son'- 
d§r-boKG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  island 
of  Alsen,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Flensburg.     Pop.  5863. 

Sondershauseu,  son'd^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, capital  of  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Wipper  and  Bebra,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Erfurt.  Pop.  5723.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  castle,  the 
residence  of  the  prince. 

Sdndre  Bergenhuus,  son'dri  bjR'gh^n-hooss^  a 
mountainous  amt  or  province  of  Norway,  bounded  W.  by 
the  sea.  Area,  5854  square  miles.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  the 
town  of  Bergen,  119,303. 


Sdndre  Trondlyem)  son'dri  trdnd'y£m,  an  amt  or 
province  of  Norway,  having  Sweden  on  the  E.  and  the  sea 
on  the  N.W.  Area,  7084  square  miles.  Capital,  Trondhjem. 
Pop.  116,804. 

SondriOy  son'dre-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Sondrio,  on  the  Mallero,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Adda,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  4339. 

SondriO)  a  province  of  Italy,  in  LombarSy,  having 
Switzerland  on  the  N.W.  and  N.  and  Tyrol  on  the  N.E. 
Area,  1259  square  miles.     Capital,  Sondrio.     Pop.  111,241. 

Sone^  or  Soane^  son,  a  river  of  India,  tributary  to  the 
Ganges,  which  it  joins  26  miles  W.  of  Patna,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  440  miles.  It  rises  in  Berar,  and  flows  through  the 
Gurrah-Mundlah  table-land  and  the  dominions  of  Rewah, 
its  course  lying  mostly  in  the  presidency  of  Bengal.  Its 
affluents  are  the  Behrun  and  Coyle,  from  the  S.  It  is  of 
little  use  for  navigation.  At  Baroon  the  Sone  is  3  miles 
wide,  its  nearly  dry  bed  being  a  desert  of  sand,  except  in 
time  of  flood.  The  banks  are  very  barren,  with  no  treep 
near.     The  Sone  is  the  Eranoboas  of  the  ancients. 

Sonc^a^  so-n&'H&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Castellon  de  la 
Plana,  27  miles  N.  of  Valencia,  on  the  Palancia.   Pop.  1972 

Sonepoor,  so^ne-poor',  a  town  of  British  India,  on  the 
Mahanuddy,  43  miles  S.  of  Sumbhulpoor. 

So^nepoor',  or  Sonpur,  son^poor',  a  native  state  of 
India,  with  its  centre  about  lat.  21°  45'  N.,  Ion.  84°  45'  E. 
Area,  906  square  miles.     Capital,  Sonepoor.     Pop.  130,713. 

Soneput)  or  Sonipal,  so^ne-piit',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.    Pop.  12,176. 

Sonestown,  s5nz't5wn,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co., 
Pa.,  on  Munoy  Creek,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Williams- 
port.     It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Songahatchee  Creek,  Ala.    See  Sawkehatchee. 

Songari,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  Soongaree. 

Song-Ca,  a  large  river  of  China.     See  Sano-Eoi. 

Song-Kiang,  8ong-ke-4ng',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kiang-Soo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Soo-Chow-Foo.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods. 

Sonho,  sOn'yo,  a  town  of  Congo,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Congo,  near  its  mouth,  175  miles  N.W.  of  Bamba. 

Sonhoven,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Zonboven. 

Sonico,  son'e-ko,  a  village  of  Kaly,  province  of  Ber- 
gamo, 3  miles  S.E.  of  Edolo,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1634. 

Son'man,  a  station  in  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Sonmeanee,  son^mi-i'nee,  or  Soomeanee  (Sou- 
meanee),  soo^mi-i'nee,  a  seaport  town  of  Beloochistan, 
province  of  Loos,  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Son- 
meanee,  near  the  frontier  of  Sinde.  Lat.  25°  22'  N. ;  Ion. 
66°  35'  E.     Pop.  2000.     It  consists  of  about  500  houses. 

Sonneberg)  son'n^h-b^Re^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Coburg.  Pop.  7322,  who 
manufacture  toys,  musical  instruments,  and  wooden-wares. 

Sonnenberg,  son'n^n-bdRG^  or  Sunyperk,  soo'ne- 

E5Rk\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  N.W.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Erz-Ge- 
irge.     Pop.  1758. 

Sonnenburg,  son'n^n-bdSRO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  6673, 
who  manufacture  woollen  cloths. 

Sonneuwalde,  son'n^n-^&Pd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Luckau.     Pop.  1152. 

Souo'ma)  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  California,  has 
an  area  of  about  1648  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Coast  Range, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  San  Pablo  Bay.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Russian  River,  and  also  drained  by  Petaluma,  Santa  Rosa, 
and  Sonoma  Creeks,  which  run  through  beautiful  and  fer- 
tile valleys  of  the  same  names.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  red- 
wood, yellow  pine  (Pinus  ponderosa),  sugar-pine,  and  fir, 
which  afford  excellent  timber.  This  county  has  a  mild  and 
equable  climate,  well  adapted  to  the  cultivation  of  grapes. 
Wheat,  wine,  butter,  hay,  cattle,  oats,  barley,  wool,  and 
lumber  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  cinnabar,  copper,  gypsum,  limestone,  sulphur, 
alum,  and  granite.  In  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county  are 
numerous  hot  springs,  called  "geysers."  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific,  Southern 
Pacific,  and  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroads.  Capital,  Santa 
Rosa.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,819;  in  1880,  25,926;  in  1890, 
32,721. 

Sonoma,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  is  on 
Sonoma  Creek,  about  45  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco,  and  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Petaluma.  It  is  situated  in  a  beautiful 
valley,  the  soil  and  climate  of  which  are  adapted  to  the 
production  of  grapes.  It  has  several  manufactories  of  wineu 
brandy,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  757. 


SON 


2493 


SOO 


Sonoma,  :■  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  liiittle  Creek. 

Sonoma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  oo.,  N.C. 

Sonoma  Creek)  California,  runs  southward  in  Sonoma 
CO.,  and  enters  San  Pablo  Bay. 

Sono'ra*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tuolumne  oo.,  Cal., 
about  90  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento,  and  60  miles  E.  of 
Stockton.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  jail,  6  churches,  a  graded 
Bobool,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  2  breweries,  2  grist-mills,  a 
foundry,  a  quartz-mill,  and  rich  gold-mines.     Pop.  1492. 

Sonora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Calhoun.     Pop.  45. 

Sonora,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  about  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  Much  grain  is  shipped  here  in 
steamboats.  Pop.  1485.  Sonora  Post-Office  is  on  the  river 
at  the  steamboat- landing. 

Sonora,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville <fc  Great  Southern  Railroad,  55  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  266. 

Sonora,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  5  miles  S.  of 
Houston. 

Sonora,  a  decayed  village  of  Atchison  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  li  miles  from  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph 
&  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  and  about  66  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Joseph.     Pop.  265. 

Sonora,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bath  township,  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Savona  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sonora,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  97. 

Sonora,  Preble  co.,  0.    See  West  Sonora. 

Sonora,  so-no'ri,  a  small  river  of  Mexico,  in  a  state 
of  its  own  name,  has  a  S.W.  and  W.  course,  and  enters  a 
lake,  in  lat.  29°  30'  N.,  Ion.  111°  W.     Length,  300  miles. 

Sonora,  a  state  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  Mexican  re- 
public, bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  United  States,  on  the  E. 
by  Chihuahua  and  Durango,  on  the  S.  by  Cinaloa,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  California.  Area,  78,997  square 
miles.  The  surface  in  the  W.  and  S.  is  generally  flat,  and 
contains  considerable  fruitful  land,  watered  by  the  rivers 
Mayo  and  Yaqui,  and  a  number  of  small  lakes  formed 
during  the  rainy  season  ;  towards  the  E.  the  oordillera  be- 
gins to  r^e,  and  ultimately  attains  a  great  height.  In  this 
mountainous  district  many  fertile  valleys  intervene,  and 
rich  deposits  of  silver  and  other  metals  are  found.  The 
climate  is  warm  throughout  the  year.  The  chief  rivers,  be- 
sides the  Mayo  and  Yaqui,  are  the  Rio  Grande  de  Bavispe, 
the  Oposura,  the  Sonora,  and  tributaries  Dolores,  Guay- 
mas,  and  San  Ignacio.  A  large  portion  of  the  state  is  oc- 
cupied by  Indian  tribes,  some  of  whom  have  been  converted 
to  Roman  Catholicism.  They  subsist  partly  by  agriculture; 
but  the  greater  portion  are  wild  and  nomadic,  and  generally 
hostile  to  the  whites.  The  trade  of  Sonora  is  chiefly  carried 
on  at  Guaymas  and  Pitic.  For  administrative  purposes 
it  is  divided  into  the  departments  of  Arispe  and  Hor- 
casitas.     Capital,  Hermosillo.     Pop.  in  1884,  143,924. 

Sonora,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  on  the  river 
Sonora,  35  miles  S.  of  Arispe.  Pop.  8000.  Near  it  are 
some  silver-mines. 

Sonora  Pass,  California,  is  a  pass  by  which  wagons 
cross  the  Sierra  Nevada,  at  an  elevation  of  about  10,000 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  7  miles  N.W.  of  Castle  Peak, 
and  is  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Alpine  co. 

Sonpnr,  a  state  of  India.    See  Sonepoor. 

Sonseca,  8on-s&'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  8  miles  S.  of  To- 
ledo.    Pop.  4499. 

Son-Servera,  son-s£R-v&'r&,  a  village  at  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Majorca,  near  the  sea.   Pop.  1373. 

Son-Son,  son-s5n',  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  province  and  75  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Antioquia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Cauca. 

Sonsonate,  son-so-n&'t&,  a  town  of  San  Salvador,  50 
miles  W.S.W.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  10,000. 
It  is  in  one  of  the  richest  districts  of  the  state,  and  has 
some  superb  churches.     Near  it  is  the  volcano  of  Izaloo. 
Son'tag,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 
Sontinum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zons. 
Sontius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Isonzo. 
Sonye,  or  Sonai,  so-ni',  a  town  of  India,  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ahmednuggur.     Pop.  6254. 

Son  Yea,  son  ya,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dansville  <fc  Mount  Morris  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Dansville.  Here  is  a  Shaker  village,  which  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  pail-faotory,  &o. 


Soobashi,  Soubachi,  or  Subaschi,  soo-b&'shee, 
written  also  Subascho,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Black 
Sea,  about  90  miles  S.E.  of  Anapa. 

Soobtsov,  ZoubtzoT,  Sabzow,  soobt-sov',  or 
Zoobtzov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Tver,  on 
the  Volga.     Pop.  3301. 

Soobunrekha,  or  Snbnnreeka,  soo-ban-ree'ki 
(the  "gold  line"),  a  river  of  British  India,  in  Orissa,  enters 
the  Bay  of  Bengal  after  a  S.E.  course  of  250  miles,  for  the 
last  20  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Twelve  miles  from  its 
mouth  is  the  seaport  of  Soobunrekha,  near  the  site  of  the 
former  English  town  of  Pipply,  which  no  longer  exists. 

Soo-Chow-Foo,  soo^chSw^foo',  or  Soo-Tchoo, 
soo'choo',  written  also  Su-Chew  and  Sou-Tcheon- 
Fon,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  a  lake 
in  the  line  of  the  Imperial  Canal,  and  in  the  most 
populous  district  of  China,  125  miles  S.E.  of  Nanking.  It 
consists  of  the  town  proper,  surrounded  by  walls  about  10 
miles  in  circuit,  and  of  4  suburbs  of  great  extent.  It  con- 
tains an  immense  floating  population.  It  is  intersected  by 
canals,  crossed  by  numerous  bridges,  several  of  which  are 
built  of  granite.  It  is  celebrated  throughout  China  for  the 
splendor  of  its  buildings,  the  beauty  of  its  terraces  and 
gardens,  and  the  excellence  of  its  manufactures,  including 
silk  goods,  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  glass,  lacquered  ware, 
paper,  and  numerous  articles  in  iron,  ivory,  wood,  horn,  Ac 
The  trade  in  these  articles  and  in  general  produce  is  verj 
extensive,  and  the  environs  are  covered  with  orchards,  gar- 
dens, mulberry  plantations,  and  highly-cultivated  fields  of 
cotton,  rice,  wheat,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1,000,000. 

Soodak,  Soudak,  or  Sndak,  sooM&k',  a  maritime 
town  of  the  Crimea,  in  Russia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Kaffa. 

Soodan,  Soudan,  or  Sudan,  more  correctly  Beled- 
es-Soodan,  be-ldd'-is-sooM&n',  the  "  land  of  the  blacks," 
called  also  Nigritia,  ne-grish'e-^  (Ger.  Nigritien,  ne- 
gree'te-^n;  Fr.  Nigritie,  nee^greeHee'),  a  vast  region  of 
Central  Africa,  the  limits  of  which  are  undefined,  but  it  is 
understood  to  be  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Kordofan,  on  the  S. 
by  the  parallel  of  lat.  6°  N.,  on  the  W.  by  Senegambia,  and 
on  the  N.  by  the  Desert  of  Sahara.  The  E.  portion  com- 
prises the  basin  of  Lake  Chad  and  Lake  Fittr4,  and  the 
N.  the  course  of  the  Upper  Niger.  From  the  meagre  ac- 
counts of  travellers,  the  greater  part  of  the  surface  appears 
to  be  flat,  except  in  the  S.,  where  it  is  said  to  be  hilly. 
What  is  called  Egyptian  Soudan  lies  E.  of  Soudan  proper, 
and  includes  Dongola,  Taka,  Sennaar,  Kordofan,  Darfoor, 
Fertit,  Ac. 

Sooden,so'd9n,  a  watering-place  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Hochst. 

Soodogda,  soo-dog'd&,  a  town  of  Russia,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Soodogda.     Pop.  2499. 

Soodost,  Soudost,  or  Sudost,  soo^dost',  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Orel,  flows  a  southerly 
course  of  about  100  miles  through  the  government  of  Cher- 
nigov, and  joins  the  Desna  on  the  right. 

Soohag,  soo-hig',  an  important  town  of  Egypt, "on  the 
Nile,  capital  of  the  province  of  Girgeh,  about  45  miles 
above  Sioot. 

Sooi-Ching>Bao,  soo'ee-ohing-b&'o,  Koor-Kara- 
Oosson,  or  Konr-Kara-Ousson,  koor-k&-r&-oos- 
son',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  190  miles  W.X.W.  of 
Ooroomtsee. 

Sooi-Ding'Ching,  soo'ee-ding-ching,  a  town  of 
China,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Kooldja. 

Sooi-Kow,  or  Sai>Kow,  soo'ee-kdw,  a  town  of  China, 
in  Fo-Kien,  on  the  Min,  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo.     Pop.  6000. 

Sooja,  Soudja,  soo'j&,  or  Sudsha,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  54  miles  S.  of  Koorsk.  It  is  surrounded 
by  orchards  and  kitchen-gardens.     Pop.  4582. 

Sook-el-Shooyookh,Sonk>el-Shon-Yonkh,or 
Suk-el-Shuyukh,  sobk-Al-shoo^yooK',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  66  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Bassorah.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  inland  commerce, 
and  has  an  export  trade  in  horses,  %iteemed  the  best  in  this 
part  of  the  Turkish  dominions. 

Sookhona,  Soukhona,  Snkhona,  or  Snchona, 
soo-Ko'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Vologda,  rises 
in  Lake  Koobinskoe,  flows  mostly  E.,  past  Totma  and  Oosti- 
oog  Velikee,  and  near  the  latter  town  joins  the  Yoog  to 
form  the  Dwina.  Total  course,  250  miles.  The  principal 
affluents  are  the  Vologda  and  Tolchma.  It  is  navigable, 
and  forms  a  main  route  between  Vologda  and  Archangel. 

Soo^khoom',  Sookhoom,  or  Sukhnm,  soo'Koom', 
written  also  Ssuchum,  a  military  district  of  Russia,  in 
Transcaucasia,  bordering  on  the  Black  Sea,  along  the  ij.W. 
slope  of  the  Caucasus,  and  including  Abkhasia.  Area,  3331 
square  miles.    Chief  town,  Sookhoom-Kal6.    Pop.  70,701. 


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Sookhoom-Kal^,  Soukgouin-Kal6,  soo^Koom'- 
k.k-W,  or  Sokhoum-Kal6)  a  town  and  fort  of  Russia, 
on  the  Black  Sea,  18  miles  S.B.  of  Anapa.     Pop.  1612. 

Sookh^poor',  or  Sukhpur^  sook^poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Boglipoor,  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Muliesi.     P.  3233. 

Soo-Koo-1-Baseer,  or  Suku-1-Basir,  soo^koo'- 
il-bi'seer',  a  town  of  Arabia,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Shehr,  on 
the  S.E,  coast.     Estimated  pop.  4500. 

Soola,  Soula,or  Sula,  soo'Ii,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernments of  Kharkov  and  Poltava,  joins  the  Dnieper  18 
milee  N.W.  of  Krilov,  after  a  S.  course  of  200  miles. 

Soolimana)  Soulimana,  or  Sulimana,  soo-Ie- 
mii'nk,  a  state  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  mostly  between 
lat.  9°  and  10°  N.  and  Ion.  9°  30'  and  11°  W.,  adjacent  to 
Foota-Jallon  on  the  N.W.  and  Koranko  on  the  S.  Capital, 
Falaba.  The  river  Rokelle  forms  a  part  of  the  W.  fron- 
tier. Several  fertile  pasturages  feed  many  herds,  camels, 
Ac.  The  Mandingoes  bring  cloths,  gunpowder,  and  glass- 
wares into  Soolimana  in  return  for  other  products. 

Soolina,  Soulina,  or  Sulina^  soo-lee'ni,  one  of  the 
principal  branches  by  which  the  Danube  discharges  its 
waters  into  the  Black  Sea,  within  the  Russian  government 
of  Bessarabia.  It  is  the  most  frequented  branch,  and  is 
used  for  transporting  immense  quantities  of  corn,  chiefly 
for  t»he  British  market.  Its  mouth  has  been  deepened  by 
the  construction  of  jetties. 

Sooliua,  Soulina,  or  Sulina,  a  town  or  village  of 
Roumania,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Soolina,  with  a  cus- 
tom-house. It  is  composed  of  a  double  row  of  houses  along 
the  river-side,  with  a  dreary  marsh  behind  them.  Most  of 
the  houses  are  built  upon  piles. 

Soo^loo'  (or  Sulnkj  Islands  (Sp.  Jol/i,  ho-1o'),  an 
archipelago  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  between  the  Mindoro  or 
Sooloo  Sea  on  the  N.,  the  Celebes  Sea  on  the  S.,  the  island 
of  Borneo  on  the  S.W.,  and  that  of  Mindanao  on  the  N.E., 
and  between  lat.  4°  W  and  6°  56'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  30'  and 
122°  30'  E.  Length,  from  S.W.to  N.E.,  about  200  miles.  It 
consists  of  nearly  150  islands,  most  of  them  very  small,  and 
divided  into  3  groups,  named  respectively  after  the  3  prin- 
cipal islands,  Baseelan  in  the  N.E.,  Sooloo  in  the  centre,  and 
Tawee-Tawee  in  the  S.W.  Baseelan,  situated  on  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  Mindanao,  is  of  an  oblong  form,  about  42  miles 
long  by  6  miles  broad.  Sooloo  stretches  35  miles  from  E. 
to  W.,  with, a  breadth  of  5  miles  to  10  miles,  and  Tawee- 
Tawee  is  situated  near  the  peninsula  of  Unsang,  forming 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  Borneo,  and  is  about  35  miles  long 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.  The  other  chief  islands  of  this  group  are 
Pata  on  the  S.,  and  a  small  group  called  the  Tapool  Isles  on 
the  S.S.W.  Among  the  timber-trees  are  teak  and  sandal- 
woods ;  and  among  the  fruits,  cocoa-  and  areoa-nuts,  bananas, 
mangoes,  and  oranges.  Wild  boars  and  deers  are  common, 
and  oxen,  swine,  goats,  and  poultry  are  abundant.  The 
islands  were  formerly  noted  for  piracy.  The  whole  of  the 
Sooloo  Archipelago  was  under  the  sway  of  a  despotic  sul- 
tan, who  claimed  sovereignty  over  a  large  part  of  Borneo ; 
but  in  1878  the  Spaniards  conquered  the  islands  and  an- 
nexed them  to  the  colony  of  the  Philippines.  Capital, 
Sooloo.     The  aggregate  pop.  is  estimated  at  75,000. 

Sooloo,  also  called  Soung,  the  principal  town  of  the 
Booloo  Archipelago,  situated  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  its  own  name,  has  a  good  roadstead,  and,  though  generally 
composed  of  huts,  has  some  houses  of  more  ambitious  ap- 
pearance. The  trade  of  the  whole  island  centres  here.  In 
1851  it  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  and  has  since  been 
continuously  occupied  by  them.  After  their  conquest  of 
the  islands  in  1878  the  Spaniards  made  it  once  more  the 
capital  of  the  group.     Pop.  of  the  town,  6000. 

Sooloo  Sea,  or  Sea  of  Mindo'ro,  extends  between 
lat.  5°  and  15°  N.,  Ion.  117°  and  123°  E. 

Soomeanee,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.  See  Sonhbanbe. 

Soomoto,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Avasi. 

Soomshoo,  Soumshoo,  or  Sumshu,  soom'shoo, 
one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cape 
Lopatka,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  of  Kamchatka. 
It  is  about  10  miles  lonj  from  N.  to  S. 

Soomy,  Soumy,  or  Sumy,  soo'mee,  a  lake  of  Siberia, 
in  the  government  of  Tonisk,  near  the  right  bank  of  the 
Irtish.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  55  miles ;  breadth, 
about  35  miles. 

Soomy,  Soumy,  or  Sumy,  soo'mee,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  83  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov,  on  the 
Psiol.     Pop.  14,126. 

Soonderdroog,  a  town  of  India.    See  Malwan. 

Sooneer,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jooneek. 

Soongaree,  Soungari,  or  Sungari,  soon-gi-ree'  or 
Boon-gi'ree,  written  also  Songari,  a  river  of  Manchooria, 
rises  near  the  frontier  of  Corea,  flows  N.  and  N.E.,  and 


joins  the  Amoor  or  Sagh^lin  River  135  miles  S.W.  of  the 
influx  of  the  Oosooree.  Total  course  estimated  at  800  miles. 
It  is  deep,  easily  navigated,  and  has  numerous  affluents. 

Soongaria,  or  Soungaria,  soong-g&'re-&,  written  also 
Dzoongaria  or  Dzoungaria  (Chinese,  TMan-Shan- 
Pelu),  a  country  of  Central  Asia,  forming  part  of  the  Chi- 
nese Empire,  bounded  N.W.  and  S.W.  by  Russian  Toorkis- 
tan,  which  indeed  includes  a  considerable  part  of  what  was 
formerly  called  Soongaria,  and  on  the  S.  by  several  ranges 
of  mountains,  of  which  little  is  known.  The  surface  con- 
sists chiefly  of  an  elevated  and  almost  desert  plateau,  sur- 
rounded and  partly  intersected  by  lofty  mountain-chains. 
Numerous  rivers  descend  from  the  mountains,  but  many  of 
them,  before  attaining  much  magnitude,  disappear  in  the 
sands  of  the  desert  or  empty  themselves  into  its  lakes. 
Large  tracts  are  nearly  or  altogether  unfit  for  human  habi- 
tation, but  some  of  the  plains,  and  many  of  the  valleys,  are 
covered  with  good  pasture,  on  which  numerous  nomade 
tribes  feed  their  herds.  In  all  the  three  divisions  consider- 
able tracts  are  under  cultivation,  and  produce  grain  of  dif 
ferent  kinds,  chiefly  millet  and  barley.  In  the  N.  extensive 
forests  occur ;  towards  the  E.  are  many  marshy  tracts  cov- 
ered with  reeds,  furnishing  shelter  to  numerous  wild  beasts. 
The  domestic  animals  are  principally  camels  and  buffaloes. 
Among  the  minerals  are  gold,  copper,  iron,  and  it  is  said 
also  coal.  Salt  is  obtained  in  abundance,  both  from  salt- 
lakes  and  from  mines.  Soongaria  was  originally  inhabited 
by  the  Oo-Sun,  who  appear  to  have  been  completely  distin- 
guished from  the  neighboring  nations  by  having  blue  eyes 
and  red  beards.  About  the  sixth  century  they  were  expelled 
by  the  Turks,  who,  after  remaining  masters  for  several  cen- 
turies, were  obliged  to  yield  to  the  victorious  arms  of  Jen- 
'  ghis  Khan  and  his  Mongols.  The  Mongols  became  divided 
into  two  great  classes, — Mongols  proper  and  Eleuthes  or 
Calmucks.  The  latter  were  long  held  in  subjection  by  the 
former,  but  at  last  the  Calmucks  threw  ofl'  the  yoke,  and 
one  of  these  tribes,  called  Soongars,  or  Soongarians,  having 
greatly  distinguished  themselves,  gave  their  name  to  the 
country.  The  Emperor  of  China,  after  a  long  and  bloody 
war,  conquered  Soongaria  in  1754,  and  since  that  period 
it  has  been  treated  as  a  Chinese  province,  much  of  the 
region  now  under  Russian  control  being  claimed  by  China. 

Soougnum,  soong^num',  a  populous  village  of  Thibet, 
on  the  Rushkolang,  a  tributary  of  the  Sutlej,  N.  of  the 
Himalayas.     Lat.  31°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  28'  E. 

Soonkaur,  soon'kawr'  (Hindoo,  Sancara),  a  town  of 
India,  in  Deccan,  Nizam's  dominions,  22  miles  ?.S.W.  of 
Aurungabad. 

Soonth,  soont'h,  a  town  and  fort  of  West  Hindostan, 
dominions  of  Odeypoor,  40  miles  S.  of  Doongurpoor. 

Soonwald,  son'*4lt,  an  elevated  plateau  of  Germany, 
terminating  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  near  Bacharach. 

So-Ooj-Bolak,  or  So-Uj-Bolak,  so-ooj-boMik',  a 
town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  20  miles  S.  of  Lake  Ooroomee- 
yah,  on  a  river  which  loses  itself  in  a  marshy  lake  12  miles 
N.  It  consists  of  about  1200  houses,  inhabited  by  Jews 
Nestorian  Christians,  and  Koords. 

Soopoi,  Soupoi,  or  Supoi,  soo'poi,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, traverses  Poltava,  and,  flowing  S.,  joins  the  Dnieper  on 
the  left.     Total  course,  110  miles. 

Soor,  Sour,  or  Snr,  soor,  a  seaport  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  dominions  and  90  miles  S.E.  of  Muscat,  on  a  deep 
lagoon,  in  lat.  22°  37'  N.,  Ion.  59°  36'  E. 

Soor,  Sour,  or  Tsour,  soor  (anc.  Ty'rus,  or  Tyre; 
Gr.  Tvpos),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Acre,  on  the  E.  part  of  a  peninsula,  about  1  mile  in  length, 
which  in  antiquity  was  the  insular  site  of  the  famous  mari- 
time city  of  Tyre.  In  1837  it  suffered  from  a  severe  earth- 
quake, by  which  its  walls  and  buildings  were  greatly  dilapi- 
dated. On  the  peninsula  are  the  ruins  of  a  large  cathedral, 
and  various  traces  of  ancient  structures,  with  some  cisterns, 
apparently  connected  with  extensive  water-works,  and  an 
aqueduct  at  Ras-el-Ain,  on  the  mainland,  about  2  miles 
distant.  Its  port  is  now  unfit  for  any  but  small  vessels, 
and  the  trade  of  this  ancient  emporium  of  the  East  has 
dwindled  to  small  exports  of  tobacco,  3otton,  and  fuel. 

Soora,  Soura,  or  Sura,  soo'r&,  a  river  of  Russia, 
chiefly  in  the  governments  of  Penza  and  Simbeersk,  after  a 
N.  course  of  400  miles,  joins  the  Volga  at  Vasil,  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 

Soorabaya,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Soebabata. 

Soorakarta,  or  Soorakerta.    See  Soebakabta. 

Soorazh,  or  Souraj,  soo-rizh',  written  also  Ssu- 
rash,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  113  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chernigov,     Pop.  3770. 

Soorazh,  Souraj,  Sur^,  or  Ssurash,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Vitebsk.    P.  1918 


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Sooree,  a  town  of  India.     See  Beerbhoom. 
Soorgfoot,  Soargout,  Surgut,  or  Surghut,  soor- 
[foof,  sometimes  called  Soorgootoior  Surgutoi,  atown 

'of  Asiatic  Kussia,  government  and  269  miles  N.E.  of  To- 
'bolsk,  ontheObi.     Pop.  1130. 

Soormah,  soor'mq,  a  river  of  British  India,  after  a  W. 
and  S.  course  of  200  miles,  joins  the  Megna,  an  afSuent  of 
the  Brahmapootra,  20  miles  S.  of  Azmerigunge. 

Soorboga,  Souroga,  or  Snruga,  aoo-roo'gi,  a 
populous  maritime  town  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Hondo, 
on  the  Bay  of  Totomina,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.  It  has 
an  imperial  palace,  and  manufactures  of  paper  and  mats. 

Soo^riughur'a,  or  Surajgarha,  soo^rfij-giir'a,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  diatrict  and 

16  miles  W.  of  Monghir.     Pop.  7936. 
Soo^riypoor',  a  town  of  India,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Delhi. 

Pop.  5216. 

Soory,  a  town  of  India.    See  Beerbhooh. 

SooSy  Sons*  or  Sua,  soos,  a  river  of  Morocco,  rises  in 
Mount  Atlas,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles,  enters 
the  Atlantic  5  miles  S.  of  Agadeer. 

SooS)  Sous,  or  Sus,  the  southernmost  province  of 
Morocco,  mostly  between  lat.  28°  30'  and  30°  30'  N.  and 
Ion.  10°  and  14°  W.,  having  N.  the  kingdom  of  Morocco, 
E.  Mount  Atlas,  S.  the  Desert,  and  "W.  the  Atlantic.  Esti- 
mated area,  28,686  square  miles.  Pop.  700,000.  It  is  di- 
vided by  the  river  Tesset  into  Soos-el-Adna,  which  is  wholly 
subordinate  to  Morocco,  and  Soos-el-Acsa,  consisting  of  only 
tributary  districts.  The  principal  towns  are  Terodant, 
Agadeer,  Messa,  and  Noon. 

Soos,  Sous,  Sus,  soos,  or  Susan,  soo^s&n'  (anc.  Su- 
4a),  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan  (anc.  Suaiana),  the 
remains  of  which,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Choaspes,  50  miles 
W.  of  Shooster,  comprise  numerous  mounds. 

Soosa,  Sousa,  or  Susa,  soo's&,  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Tunis,  40  miles  S.  of  Hammamet,  on  the  S.W. 
fihore  of  its  gulf.  Pop.  10,00/).  It  has  a  port  adapted  for 
large  vessels,  handsome  mosques,  good  bazaars,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloths,  shoes,  and  linens. 

Soosam-Adassi,  Asia  Minor.    See  Sahos. 

Soosighirlee-Soo,  or  Susighirli-Su,  soo'se-ghir^- 
lee'-soo  (anc.  Macea'tua),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  in  the 
Lake  of  Simaul,  and  joins  the  Rhyndacus  about  12  miles  S. 
of  its  mouth  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 

Sootchoo,  or  Sootchoo-Foo.     See  Soo-Chow-Foo. 

Sootooko,  or  Soutouko,  soo'too-ko\  a  village  of 
West  Africa,  in  Wooli.     Lat.  13°  29'  N.;  Ion.  13°  55'  W. 

Soozdal,  Souzdal,  or  Suzdal,  soozM3,r,  a  town  of 
Bussia,  government  and  22  miles  N.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the 
Kamenka.  Pop.  7047.  Its  fortress  has  the  residence  of  its 
former  archbishops,  and  a  church  of  the  tenth  century. 

Sop^chop'py,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tallahassee. 

Sopetran,  so-p4-tr&n',  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamaroa,  province  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Antioquia,  on  the  Cauca. 

Sophia,  Sofia,  so-fee'&,  or.Triaditza,  tre-&-dit'sd,, 
a  city,  capital  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  route  from  Constantinople 
to  Belgrade,  about  325  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  former.  Lat. 
42°  38'  N.;  Ion.  20°  26'  E.  It  is  meanly  built;  but  it  is 
reported  to  have  30  mosques  and  10  churches,  with  hot 
baths,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  silk  fabrics,  leather, 
and  tobacco.  It  is  the  see  of  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic 
archbishops.  It  was  founded  by  Justinian  on  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Sardica.     Pop.  in  1888,  30,428. 

Sophia,  80-fee'%,  or  Saint  Sophia,  a  town  of  Russia, 

17  miles  by  railway  S.  of  St.  Petersburg.     It  contains  a 
church  built  in  imitation  of  St.  Sophia  at  Constantinople. 

Sophon,  the  ancient  name  for  Sabanjah. 

Soping,  a  state  of  Celebes.     See  Soepa. 

So'pris  Peak,  Colorado,  a  granitic  mountain  of  the 
Elk  Range,  in  lat.  39°  15'  54"  N.,  Ion.  107°  9'  50"  W. 
Its  altitude  is  12,972  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sopronium  and  Soprony.     See  Oedenbcrg. 

Sopur,  so-poor',  a  town  of  Cashmere,  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Serinagur.     Pop.  3973. 

Soquel,  so-kSr,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of 
Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  in  Soquel  township,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  on  the  Santa  Cruz  &  Watsonville  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Santa  Cruz.  Here  is  attractive  scenery.  Soquel 
has  a  church,  2  tanneries,  2  hotels,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  500;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2982. 

Sora,  so'r&,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  on  the 
Garigliano,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Frosinone.  Pop.  5100.  It 
stands  at  the  foot  of  a  height  on  which  are  the  remains  of 
a  Gothic  castle  and  the  walls  of  ancient  Sora.  It  has  a 
cathedral  and  various  other  churches. 


Sora'doville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  in  De- 
catur township,  on  the  Sunbury  &  Lewistown  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Soragna,  so-r&n'y&  (L.  Soranea),  a  town  of  Italy,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Parma,  with  a  parish  church  and  a  large 
and  magnificent  palace.     Pop.  5492. 

Sorano,  so-r&'no,  a  walled  village  of  Italy,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Pitigliano.     Pop.  of  commune,  5589. 

Sorata,  so-r&'t&,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  in  the  Andes,  de- 
partment and  57  miles  N.W.  of  La  Paz,  province  of  Lare- 
caja,  8715  feet  above  sea-level.  Pop.  1200.  A  few  miles 
S.  are  the  two  peaks  of  Sorata,  the  one  21,043  feet  and  the 
other  21,286  feet  high. 

Sorau,  so'rSw,  or  Zorowe,  tso-ro'*i,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Brandenburg,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Frankfort,  on  the 
railway  from  Berlin  to  Silesia.  Pop.  13,183.  It  has  an 
orphan  asylum,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollens 
and  linens. 

Soraun,  a  town  of  India.     See  Soron. 

Soraya,  a  river  of  Portugal.    See  Zatas. 

Sorbas,  soR'b&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1992. 

Sor'bie,  or  Sor'by,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wig- 
town, near  the  sea.     Pop.  of  parish,  1677. 

Sorbiodunnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Old  Saruu. 

Sor'by,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Sordi,  soR'dee,  or  Petalidha,  p^-ti-Ieed'hi,  an  island 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Crete.     Lat.  35°  34'  N.;  Ion.  23°  27'  E. 

Sorel,  so-rfil',  or  William  Henry,  a  town  of  Quebec, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Richelieu,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
river  Richelieu,  at  its  mouth  in  Lake  St.  Peter,  45  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Montreal,  and  33  miles  from  St.  Hilaire.  It 
contains  manufactories  of  engines,  mill-machinery,  stoves, 
ploughs,  leather,  bricks,  &o.,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  offices 
issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  branch  banks,  several  ho- 
tels, 3  or  4  churches,  and  a  number  of  stores.  This  is  the 
winter  quarters  of  nearly  all  the  steamboats  and  craft 
plying  between  Montreal  and  Quebec.  Ship-building,  for 
which  there  are  excellent  facilities,  is  largely  engaged  in. 
Pop.  in  1881,  5791 ;  in  1891,  6669.     See  Richelieu. 

Sorell,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  on  Pitt  Water,  an  inlet  of 
North  Bay,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Hobart  Town. 

Sorelli  Rocks,  in  the  Mediterranean.    See  Galita. 

Soresiua,  so-ri-see'nl,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Cremona,  between  the  Oglio  and  Adda.     Pop.  6827. 

Sor^ze,  so^raiz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1390. 

Sor'ghotown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Sorgoson,  soR-go-son',  a  village  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  Luzon,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albay,  with  a  harbor. 

Sorgue,  soRG,  a  small  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  cel- 
ebrated fountain  of  Vaucluse,  in  the  department  of  Yau- 
oluse,  and  joins  the  Rhone  5  miles  N.  of  Avignon,  after  a 
W.  course  of  20  miles. 

Sorgues,  soro,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aveyron,  flows  W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Dourdon 
after  a  course  of  above  30  miles. 

Sorgues,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse, 
on  the  Sorgue,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Avignon.     P.  2357. 

Soria,  so're-S,,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile. 
Area,  5770  square  miles.  Agriculture  employs  the  greater 
part  of  the  population.     Pop.  158,992. 

Soria,  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on  the 
Douro,  51  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logrono.  Pop.  6320.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silks,  and  a  trade  in  wool.  Three  miles  N. 
are  ruins  conjectured  to  be  those  of  ancient  Numantia. 

Soria,  the  Italian  name  of  Syria  (which  see). 

Soriano,  so-re-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  E.  of 
Viterbo.     Pop.  4286. 

Soriano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Monteleone.     Pop,  2920. 

Sorisole,  so-re-so'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1760. 

Sorlien's  (sor'leenz)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Yellow 
Medicine  co.,  Minn. 

Sorlingues,  the  French  name  of  the  Scilly  Isles. 

Sorn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  3  miles  £.  of 
Mauchline.    The  castle  of  Sorn  is  W.  of  the  village. 

Sorocaba,  so-ro-k&'b&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  river  Sorocaba,  an 
affluent  of  the  Tiete.     Pop.  1800.     It  has  a  trade  in  cattle. 

Sor5e,  so'ro^  or  so'rb^^h,  almost  so'ruh^y^h,  a  town  of 
Denmark,  island  of  Seeland,  on  the  small  Lake  of  SorSe, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corsoer.     Pop.  1397. 

Sorde,  a  large  island  of  Norway,  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Finmark,  lat.  70°  40'  N..  Ion.  22°-24°  E. 


SOK 


2496 


SOU 


Soroka^  so-ro'k^,  a  village  of  Russia,  goTernment  and 
170  miles  W.  of  Archangel,  on  a  rocky  island  in  the  White 
Bea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vig. 

Soroka^  a  town  of  Russia,  province  of  Bessarabia,  on 
the  Dniester,  78  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  7161. 

Soroksar^  so^rok^san',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  18 
miles  from  Pesth.     Pop.  5074. 

SoVon',  or  So^raan',  a  town  of  India,  district  of 
Etah,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Budaon.     Pop.  11,182. 

Sorraya,  a  river  of  Portugal.    See  Zatas. 

Sor'rel  Hill)  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Blessington.     Height,  1915  feet. 

SorrentOf  soR-R^n'to  (anc.  Surren'tum),  a  maritime 
town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Castel-a-Mare,  on  the  prom- 
ontory which  bounds  the  Bay  of  Naples  on  the  S.  Pop. 
19,905.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  vicinity  and 
the  mildness  and  salubrity  of  its  climate.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, manufactures  of  silk,  and  various  Greek  and  Roman 
antiquities.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Sorron'tOf  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Sanford.     It  has  a  church. 

Sorrento,  Piano  di.    See  Piano  di  Sorrento. 

Sorrento,  Promontory  of,  between  the  Bays  of 
Naples  and  Salerno,  15  miles  in  length,  terminates  in  Cape 
Campanella,  opposite  Capri. 

Sorso,  sor'so,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  6  miles  N.  of  Sassari. 
Pop.  5533. 

Sortino,  soR-tee'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse,  on  a  hill,  whence  the  view  is  very 
fine.     It  is  noted  for  its  gold-  and  silver-works.     Pop.  8757. 

Sorvillan,  soR-veel-y&n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, about  40  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1367. 

Sos,  BOS  (anc.  Sotia'tum  Op'pidum),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3742. 

Soscol,  California.     See  Suscol. 

Sosna  Bystraia,  8os'n&  bi8-trl'&  (or  "the  rapid"),  a 
river  of  European  Russia,  affluent  of  the  Don,  government 
of  Orel,  after  an  E.  course  of  130  miles,  joins  the  Don  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Yelets, 

Sosna  Tikhaia,  sos'ni  te-Ki'&,  a  river  of  European 
Russia,  government  of  Voronezh,  after  an  E.  course  of  100 
miles,  joins  the  Don  16  miles  N.E.  of  Ostrogoisk. 

Sosnitsa,  sos-nit's&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
64  miles  E.  of  Chernigov.     It  has  a  cathedral.     Pop.  5657. 

Sospel,  s5s-pfil'  (It.  Sospello,  sos-p41'lo),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Nice.  It  has 
a  hospital  and  a  marble-quarry.     Pop.  3147. 

Sost,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia.     See  Soest. 

Sostegno,  sos-tSn'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Biella,     Pop.  1289. 

Sostomagus,  France.    See  Castelnaudart. 

Sosva,  or  Soswa,  sos'vi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Perm,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  and,  after  a 
S.E.  course  of  170  miles,  joins  the  Lovda  to  form  the  Tavda. 

Sosva,  or  Soswa,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of 
Tobolsk,  joins  the  Obi  at  Berezov.     Length,  350  miles. 

So'ther,  a  hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
Atchison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sotiatum  Oppidum,  Spain.    See  Sos, 

Sotillo  de  la  Abrada,  so-teel'yo  dk  l&  i-Brk'ok,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  S.  of  Avila.     Pop,  1473. 

Sotoanne,  so-to-4nn',  a  group  of  the  Carolines,  near 
lat.  5°  30'  N.,  Ion.  153°  30'  E.  It  consists  of  more  than 
60  islets. 

Soto  la  Marina,  so'to  1&  m&-ree'n&,  a  village  of  Mex- 
ico, state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  river  Santander,  26  miles 
W.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Sotteghem,  or  Sottegem,  sot't^h-ohSm^,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  East  Flanders,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.  P.  2379. 

Sotteville>les-Roaen,  sottVeel'-li-roo-6No',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Seine- Inf6rieure,  on  the  Paris  &  Havre 
Railway,  4  miles  S.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  11,278. 

Sotteville-sur-Mer,  sottVeel'-silR-maiR,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  near  the  English  Channel, 
arrondissement  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1456, 

Sotto  Marina,  sot'to  m&-ree'n&,  the  southernmost  of 
the  islands  in  the  Venetian  Lagoon,  in  Italy,  15  miles  S. 
of  Venice.     The  town  of  Chioggia  is  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Sotnta,  so-too'ti,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Yucatan, 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Merida, 

Souabe,  the  French  name  of  Swabia, 

Soubachi,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Soobashi, 

Soubtsov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Soobtsov. 

Sou'cook  River,  rises  in  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  and  falls 
into  the  Merrimac  River  in  Merrimack  co.,  about  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Concord. 


Sondak,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soodak. 

Soudan,  a  region  of  Africa.     See  Soodan. 

Soudan,  sooM6n<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inffi- 
rieure,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chateaubriant. 

Soude,  sood,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Minn. 

Soudersburg,  s6w'd§rz-bfirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  li  miles  from  Gordon ville  Station,  and  9 
miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-shop, 
and  a  cigar-factory. 

Souderton,  sSw'd^r-t^n,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa,,  in  Franconia  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  28  miles  N,  of  Philadelphia,  It  has  a  bank  and 
2  planing-mills. 

Sondja,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sooja. 

Soudogda,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soodosda. 

Soudost,  a  river  of  Russia,     See  Soodost. 

Souerek,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia.    See  Siterek. 

Souez,  or  Soneys.    See  Suez. 

Soufilenheim,  Alsace.    See  Sufflenhgik, 

Soufiri^re,  La,  1&  soo^fre-aiR',  two  volcanoes,  one  on 
the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  the  other  on  St,  Vincent. 

Soufri^re,  soo^fre-aiR',  a  seaport  near  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  St.  Lucia. 

Soug6,  soo^zhi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher, 
15  miles  W.  of  Venddme.     Pop.  1275. 

Song^,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe.  It  has  a  foundry. 
Pop.  of  commune,  1491. 

Souhe'gan  River,  New  Hampshire,  drains  the  S. 

Jiart  of  Hillsborough  co.,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  River 
rom  the  W.,  about  7  miles  above  Nashua. 

Souillac,  soo^y&k'  or  sool^y&k',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dordogne,  at  the  head  of  its 
navigation  by  heavy  barges,  30  miles  N.  of  Cahors,  Pop. 
2362.  It  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  and  trade  in  cattle, 
leather,  wine,  salt,  and  timber. 

So-Uj-Bolak.     See  So-Ooj-Bolak. 

Souk-el-Shon- Youkh.    See  Sook-el-Shooyookh. 

Soukgoum-Kal6,  Russia.    See  Sookhoou-Eale. 

Soukhona,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Sookboma. 

Soula,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soola. 

Soulanges,  soo^lftNzh',  a  county  at  the  W.  extremity 
of  Quebec,  bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area,  138  square  mile* 
Capital,  Coteau  Landing.     Pop.  10,808. 

Souleimanieh,  Koordistan.    See  Suleimaneetah. 

Souli,  a  fortress  of  Turkey.     See  Suli. 

Soulimana,  a  state  of  Africa.     See  Soolimana. 

Soulina,  a  branch  of  the  Danube.     See  Soolina. 

Soulsbyville,  solz'be-vil,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumn« 
CO.,  Cal.,  10  miles  E.  of  Sonora.     It  has  gold  quartz-mine*. 

Soultz,  or  Soultz-la-Yille.    See  Sclz. 

Soultzmatt,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Sdlzhatt. 

Soumagne,  soo^miii',  a  town  of  Belgium,  provinc« 
and  7  miles  E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2285. 

Soumeanee,  Beloochistan.    See  Sonueaneb. 

Soumshoo,  one  of  the  Eoorils.    See  Soomshoo. 

Soumy,  Russia.    See  Soomy. 

Sound,  The,  or  Oeresund,  o'rA-soond*,  a  narrow 
strait  between  Denmark  (island  of  Seeland)  and  Sweden, 
which  connects  the  Baltic  with  the  Cattegat  and  North  Sea. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles;  breadth  at  its  narrowest 
point,  between  Elsinore  (Helsingor)  and  Helsingborg,  3 
miles ;  depth,  from  4  to  20  fathoms, 

Sound  Neck,  a  hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N,C,,  60 
miles  from  Norfolk,  Va, 

Soung,  a  town  of  Sooloo,    See  Sooloo. 

Soungari,  a  river  of  East  Asia,    See  Soonoabes 

Soupoi,  a  river  of  Russia,     See  Soopoi. 

Sour,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Soor. 

Soura,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soora. 

Sourabaya.    See  Soerabaya. 

Sourty,  two  towns  of  Russia.     See  Soorazh. 

Sonrakarta,  or  Sourakerta.    See  Soerakarta. 

Sourdeval,  or  Sourdeval-Ia-Barre,  sooa'd^- 
v8,l'-14-baR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Mortain.     Pop.  2468. 

Soure,  sd'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  PombaL     Pop.  6831. 

Soure,  s5'r&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  40  milea 
W,  of  Itapicuru  de  Cima, 

Soure,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  16  miles  from  Cear&, 
on  the  Cear&. 

Sourgout,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Soorsoot. 

Souris,  soo'ris,  or  Col'ville  Bay,  a  seaport  town  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  co.  of  Kings,  on  the  river  Souris, 
near  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  und  at  the 
N.  terminus  of  a  branch  railway,  52  miles  from  Charlotte 


sou 


2497 


nSOD 


town.  Ship-bnilding  and  fishing  are  the  chief  occupations. 
Pop.  500.  The  name  Souris  is  also  sometimes  given  to  the 
Mouse  Riter  in  the  North- West  Territories. 

Sour  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  Hardin  co..  Tex.,  near  the 
JefFersonco.  line,  45  miles  E.  of  Houston.  Its  waters  are 
largely  shipped  for  medicinal  use,  and  in  the  vicinity  are 
petroleum  springs  and  a  deposit  of  bitumen. 

Soar  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  A  New  Orleans  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Beaumont, 
near  the  above  lake.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Sour  Lake  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place 
of  Hardin  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Sour  Lake  Station. 
Tt  has  a  church. 

Sonronga,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Sooroooa. 

Sour  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  6i 
miles  N.  of  Luling  Station.  Here  is  a  health-resort  called 
Texas  Sour  Springs,  with  a  large  hotel. 

Sour  Springs,  a  summer  resort  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Grand  Island,  2  miles  from  Tonawanda,  Here  are  several 
intensely  acid  mineral  springs. 

Sour  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Sons,  Morocco  and  Persia.     See  Sees. 

Sousa,  a  town  of  Tunis.     See  Soosa. 

Sou8am-Adassi,or'Soosam-Adassi.  SeeSAMOs. 

Soustons,  soosH6n»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dax.     Pop.  1287. 

Sou-Tcheou-Fou.     See  Soo-Chow-Foo. 

Sontchou,  or  Soutcheon.    See  Soo-Chow-Poo. 

Souterraine,  La,  1&  sooHJR^Rain',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Creuse,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gu6ret.  Pop.  2859.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  beer,  Ac. 

South,  a  township  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1374. 

South,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1081. 

South,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Leitchfield.     It  has  a  general  store. 

South,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  931. 

South  Abington,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.     See  Whit- 

KAN. 

South  Ab'ington  Station,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Whitman  township. 

South  Ac'ton,  a  post- village  in  Acton  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Marlborough  Branch,  5  miles  W,  of  Concord; 
It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  cider, 
vinegar,  shoddy,  and  piano-stools.  The  township  also  con- 
tains the  villages  of  North,  East,  and  West  Acton.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1897. 

South  Acton,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  York  co..  Me., 
in  Acton  township,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland.  It 
Has  a  church. 

South  Ac'worth,  a  post-village  in  Acworth  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  about  45  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

South  Adams,  Massachusetts.     See  Adaits. 

South  Ad'dison,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Machias. 

South  Addison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
4  miles  S.  of  Addison,  and  about  25  miles  W.  of  Elmira. 

South  Alabam'a,  or  Smith'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  barley-forks  and  carriages. 

South  Albany,  awl'ba-ne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo., 
Vt.,  in  Albany  township,  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mont- 
pelier.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

South  Albion,  4l'be-9n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Albion 
township,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Au- 
gusta.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  about  10  dwellings. 

South  Albion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Albion  township,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Oswego. 

Sonth'all,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  London. 

South'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  9  miles  E.  of 
Warwick.  Pop.  of  parish,  1785.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic 
church,  and  is  the  head  of  a  poor-law  union. 

South  Am'ana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Amana  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Iowa  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Marengo. 
It  ha,s  a  church,  and  is  one  of  the  villages  of  the  Amana 
communists. 

South  Amboy,  a  post- village  in  South  Amboy  town- 
ship, Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  on  Raritan  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Raritan  River,  27  miles  S.W.  of  New  York,  61  miles  N.E. 
of  Camden,  and  about  10  miles  E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It 
is  a  terminus  of  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  in  connec- 
tion with  which  steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  New 
York.  It  contains  the  Stevensdale  Institute,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  pottery. 


South  Ame'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Amenia  township,  2  miles  from  Wassaic  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  a  church. 

South  America.     See  America,  page  70. 

South  Amer'ica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  III.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Amesbury,  Mass.     See  Merrimacport. 

South  Amherst,  am'^rst,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Amherst  township,  about  18  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Springfield,  and  2  miles  from  Amherst  Station.  It  hai 
a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  children's  carriages. 

Southampton,  sliTB-hamp't^n,  a  seaport  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Hants,  on  a  peninsula  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Itchen,  near  the  head  of  Southampton  Water,  and  on  the 
Southwestern  Railway,  71  miles  S.W".  of  London.  Lat.  50° 
44'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  2^'  2"  W.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new 
town,  the  former  at  an  early  period  surrounded  by  walls 
flanked  with  round  towers  and  entered  by  several  gates,  of 
which  three  are  still  standing  and  bear  the  names  of  West- 
gate,  South-gate,  and  Bar-gate.  The  principal  street  is 
crossed  at  right  angles  by  several  others,  which  in  the  older 
quarters  are  very  irregular,  while  those  in  the  more  modem 
portion  present  many  fine  ranges  of  buildings.  The  en 
virons  are  studded  with  handsome  villas. 

The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include  5  parish  churches,  3 
chapels  of  ease,  and  various  other  chapels  and  places  of  wor- 
ship. The  chief  educational  establishments  are  the  free 
grammar-school,  founded  by»Edward  VI.,  the  Southampton 
College,  the  mechanics'  literary  and  polytechnic  institu- 
tions, and  the  botanic  garden.  The  charitable  endowments 
include  an  infirmary,  a  dispensary,  a  female  penitentiary, 
almshouses,  a  hospital  (occupying  an  antique  range  of 
buildings),  and  a  royal  humane  society.  Other  buildings 
and  objects  deserving  of  notice  are  the  guild  hall,  custom- 
house, audit-house,  jail,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  ordnance 
map  office,  royal  yacht  club-house,  baths,  and  public  parks. 
The  manufactures,  except  ship-building,  which  is  carried 
on  to  a  large  extent,  are  chiefly  confined  to  brewing,  coaches, 
castings,  silk  goods,  carpets,  and  the  refining  of  sugar. 
The  town  is  a  very  important  steam-packet  station,  and 
is  much  visited  by  ocean  steamers.  It  has  very  fine  docks, 
and  is  an  emigrant  station.  Chief  imports,  coal,  stone, 
wines,  brandies,  provisions,  and  timber.  One  of  its  greatest 
attractions  is  the  Southampton  Common,  a  beautiful  tract 
of  land,  richly  wooded,  365  acres  in  extent,  left  to  the  town 
for  public  purposes  many  centuries  ago.  On  it  is  situated 
the  town  cemetery. 

Southampton  stands  about  1  mile  S.W.  of  the  Roman 
Olausentum,  the  site  of  which  is  still  indicated  by  a  fosse 
and  vallum.  The  modern  town  is  attributed  to  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  and  was  first  called  Hantsone,  from  which  the  pres- 
ent name  is  obviously  derived.  In  the  tenth  century  it 
was  repeatedly  pillaged  by  the  Danes,  and  afterwards,  when 
their  sovereign  had  gained  the  throne,  became  the  occa- 
sional residence  of  Canute.  In  1339,  during  the  reign  of 
Edward  III.,  it  was  sacked  by  a  French,  Spanish,  and  Gen- 
oese fleet,  but  soon  recovered  and  acquired  new  importance. 
Since  the  time  of  Edward  I.  it  has  returned  two  member* 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  65,325.     See  also  Hakts. 

Southampton,  sfiTH-hamp't^n,  a  county  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area 
of  about  567  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Blackwater  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Meherrin,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Nottoway  River,  which  here  runs  in  a 
southeasterly  direction.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
almost  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  cypress, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  not  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Seaboard  A  Roanoke  Rail- 
road, the  Atlantic  A  Danville  Railroad,  and  the  Norfolk  A 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Courtland.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,285;  in  1880,  18,012;  in  1890,  20,078. 

Southampton,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town- 
ship, Hampshire  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Haven  A  North- 
ampton Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Northampton,  and 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  oharohes,  a 
high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  whips.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1017. 

Sontnampton,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer 
resort  on  the  S.  shore  of  Long  Island,  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
a  township  of  the  same  name,  90  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn, 
and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Sag  Harbor.  It  has  4  churches, 
several  hotels  and  summer  cottages,  water-works,  electric 
light  and  telephone  systems,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  numerous  stores,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  1430.  The  town- 
ship, which  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Peoonic  Bay,  contains 
other  villages,  namely,  Bridgehampton,  Sag  Harbor,  West 


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Hampton,  Good  Ground,  Speonk,  and  Quogue.     Pop.  in 
1890,  8200. 

SonthamptoU)  a  township  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1066. 

Southampton)  township,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1393. 

SonthamptoU)  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  New- 
town Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Newtown,  Pa. 

Southampton,  a  township  of  Cumherland  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2050. 

Southampton^  township,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.    P.  1963. 

Southampton,  township,  Somerset  oo.,  Pa.   Pop.  673. 

Southampton,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Maccan  River,  6  miles  from  Athol.  It 
contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  3  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  225.     See  also  Saugeen. 

Sonthamp'ton  Island,  British  North  America,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Hudson  Bay,  is  between  lat.  62°  and  66°  N., 
Ion.  80°  and  87°  W.  The  coasts  are  rugged  and  mountain- 
ous. Cape  Southampton  forms  its  S.  extremity.  It  is  con- 
jectured to  be  a  collection  of  islands,  but  its  interior  is  un- 
explored. 

Southampton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co., 
Pa.,  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  is  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Connellsville  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  South- 
ampton Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stone- 
quarry. 

Southamptonshire,  England.    See  Hants. 

Southamptonville,apost-hamletof  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Southampton  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  Jb  Newtown 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Southampton  Water,  a  fine  inlet  of  England, 
stretching  from  the  Solent  and  Spithead  N.W.  into  the  in- 
terior of  Hampshire  for  about  11  miles.  Greatest  breadth, 
about  2  miles.  It  bounds  the  New  Forest  hundreds  on  the 
E.,  and  receives  the  Anton,  Itchen,  and  Hamble  Rivers. 
Its  shores  are  picturesque,  and  it  is  usually  covered  with 
shipping.  Calshot  Castle  is  on  the  W.  side  of  its  entrance, 
and  the  ruined  Netley  Abbey  on  its  E.  shore. 

South  An'dover,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andover  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has 
3  churches. 

South  Ann,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Charlevoix 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  400. 

South  An'na,  a  station  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Riiili-oad,  22i  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  Va. 

South  Anna  River,  Virginia,  rises  near  the  E.  bor- 
der of  Albemarle  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Louisa 
CO.,  and  unites  with  the  North  Anna  about  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Hanover  Court-House  to  form  the  Pamunkey  River.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

South  Aun'ville,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1856. 

South  Apalach'in,  a  post-oflBce  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Ar'cot,  a  district  of  India,  Madras  presidency. 
Area,  4873  square  miles.  Pop.  1,973,731.  Capital,  Cud- 
dalore.     See  Aucot. 

South  Argyle,  ar-ghile',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Argyle  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Sara- 
toga Springs.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

South  Arlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo., 
0.,  in  Clay  township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  124. 

South  Arm,  a  post-township  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
on  an  inlet  of  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  737. 

South  Asbury,  az'b^r-e,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  at  Asbury  Station,  1  mile  from  Asbury  village. 

South  Ashburnham,  Mass.  See  Ashburnham  Depot. 

South  Ash'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
about  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wagons. 

South  Ath'ol,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Athol  township,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern 
Railroad,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactories  of  furniture  and  of  boxes  for  boots. 

South  At'kinson,  a  post-ofiice  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor. 

South  Attleborough,  at't^l-bur-riih,  a  post-village 
of  Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Attleborough  township,  about  36 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  dye-house, 
*,nd  a  manufactory  of  jewelry. 

South  Auburn,  aw'burn,  a  post-village  of  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  within  the  city  limits  of  Auburn,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  28  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

South  Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Auburn  township,  3i  miles  from  Skinner's  Eddy 
Station,  and  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  In  the 
vicinity  are  2  churches. 


South  Austra'lia,  a  British  colony  between  lat.  129' 
and  141°  E.,  with  the  Southern  Ocean  on  the  S.  Including 
North  Australia,  which  is  attached  to  this  colony  for  gov- 
ernment purposes,  it  extends  from  N.  to  S.  the  whole 
breadth  of  the  continent,  and  has  an  area  of  914,730  square 
miles,  with  a  length  of  2000  and  a  breadth  of  700  miles. 
The  S.  coast-line  extends  about  1500  miles  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.,  embracing  Spencer  and  St.  Vincent  Gulfs,  with  Yorke 
Peninsula  and  Kangaroo  Island.  The  surface  of  the  colony 
is  mostly  undulating  or  level.  The  chief  mountain-ranges 
are  the  Gawler  Range,  extending  from  Streaky  Bay  to  the 
head  of  Spencer  Gulf,  with  a  maximum  elevation  of  2000 
feet,  and  Flinders'  Range,  running  in  a  northerly  direction 
from  the  head  of  Spencer  Gulf,  attaining  an  elevation  in 
some  parts  of  more  than  3000  feet.  Mount  Bryant,  the 
most  elevated  summit  E.  of  St.  Vincent  Gulf,  rises  to  the 
height  of  3012  feet.  The  table-land  in  Eyre  Peninsula,  W. 
of  Spencer  Gulf,  averages  1300  feet  in  elevation.  The 
Murray,  which  has  its  rise  in  the  Australian  Alps,  pursues 
the  lower  part  of  its  course  in  this  colony,  and  is  the  only 
navigable  river.  Small  streams  are,  however,  numerous, 
and  the  country  is,  on  the  whole,  well  watered.  Principal 
lakes  (in  many  cases  salt),  Torrens,  Alexandrina,  G^irdner, 
Gregory,  Eyre,  and  Frome.  Ponds  and  creeks  are  numer- 
ous, and  a  series  of  lagoons  border  the  coast  along  Encounter 
Bay  in  the  S.E.  The  settled  portions  of  the  colony  are 
for  the  most  part  situated  on  the  E.  side  of  St.  Vincent 
Gulf,  between  that  inlet  and  the  Murray,  and  in  the  S.E. 
between  Lacepede  Bay,  eastward,  and  the  frontiers  of  Vic- 
toria, though  land  is  leased  as  far  as  Lake  Eyre.  Climate 
healthy,  and  similar  to  that  of  Victoria,  though  in  general 
much  warmer ;  on  the  Adelaide  plains  farmers  occasionally 
suffer  from  hot  winds  and  drought;  but  it  is,  on  the  whole, 
admirably  adapted  for  the  growth  of  cereals  and  all  kinds 
of  fruit.  In  the  interior  are  large  desert  tracts.  The  col- 
ony was  established  in  1836,  and  its  progress  has  been 
remarkable.  The  population  in  1847  was  31,153;  in  1857, 
109,917;  in  1871,  185,626;  in  1881,  279,865;  in  1891, 
320,431.  The  staple  products  of  the  colony  are  cereals, 
minerals,  and  wool.  It  is  rich  in  mineral  resources,  chiefly 
copper  and  lead,  gold  not  having  been  discovered  largely. 
During  the  ten  years  1859-69  the  mineral  produce  ex- 
ported amounted  to  over  £6,000,000,  and  in  1892  the  value 
of  all  minerals  produced  was  £204,418.  Coal  is  scarce.  The 
colony  in  1892  had  1810  miles  of  railway  and  5493  miles  of 
telegraph  lines,  connecting  Adelaide,  Port  Adelaide,  Gk)olw% 
Gawler,  Ac.  The  great  overland  line,  2100  miles  long,  con- 
structed in  1871-72,  at  the  expense  of  the  colony,  passes 
through  South  Australia  from  N.  to  S.  An  important 
trade  nas  sprung  up  on  the  river  Murray.  The  climate  and 
soil  of  South  Australia  are  admirably  suited  for  the  culti- 
vation of  the  vine,  and  wine  is  largely  exported.  Many  I 
fine  fruits  come  to  perfection,  as  also  tobacco,  hops,  and  in- 
digo. None  of  the  religious  denominations  are  paid  by  the] 
government.  The  colony,  while  increasing  in  population,] 
wealth,  and  intelligence,  is  decreasing  in  crime.  The  gov- 1 
ernment  is  vested  in  a  governor,  an  executive  council  of  the  J 
heads  of  departments,  having  ministerial  responsibility,  a 
legislative  council  consisting  of  24  members,  and  a  house 
of  assembly  of  54  members.  Both  chambers  are  elective, 
but  by  different  constituencies  and  with  difi"erent  tenures. 
The  constitution  embraces  triennial  parliaments  and  uni- 
versal suffrage.  The  chief  towns  of  the  colony  are  Adelaide 
(the  capital),  Port  Adelaide,  Gawler-town,  Port  Wakefield, 
Port  Angus,  Goolwa,  Port  Elliot,  Port  Lincoln,  Palmerston, 
Wallaroo,  Macclesfield,  Kapunda,  and  Kooringa. 

South  Av'enue,  a  post-oflSee  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Spring  Hill  Station. 

South  A'von,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Avon  township,  on  the  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.  of  Geneseo,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Avon. 

South  Balls'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
at  Branch  Station  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.  of  Ballston,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany. 

South  Ban'croft,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bancroft  town- 
ship, Aroostook  oo.,  Me.,  35  miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  has  a 
church. 

South  Barn'stead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belknap  co., 
N.H.,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord. 

South  Barns'ton,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  oo., 
Quebec,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Coaticook.     Pop.  140. 

South  Bar  of  Sydney  River,  a  seaport  town  of 
Cape  Breton  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  6  miles  from  Sydney.  It 
contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  shoe-factory,  a  marine  slip,  and 
several  stores  and  hotels.  Here  the  coals  from  the  Sydney 
mines  are  shipped.  Ship-building  and  a  considerable  bus' 
ness  are  carried  on.     Pop.  300. 


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South  Bar're,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  cc,  N.Y.,  about 
80  miles  W.  of  Rochester. 

South  Barre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barre  township,  Wash- 
ington 00.,  Vt.,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

South  Bar'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barton  township, 
Orleans  oo.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsio  Railroad,  25  miles  N. 
of  St.  Johnsbury. 

South  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Oneida  Lake,  6  miles  N.  of  Canastota.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  hotels. 

South  Bay^  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  8  miles  N.  of  Fort  Ann.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Bay,  New  Brunswick.    See  Lancaster. 

South  Bay,  a  post-office  in  Prince  Edward  oo.,  Ontario, 
15  miles  from  Piotou. 

South  Bay,  a  post- village  in  Victoria  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
48  miles  from  Baddeck.     Pop.  100. 

South  Bay,  Labrador.     See  Unqava. 

South  Beach,  a  station  of  the  Martha's  Vineyard 
Railroad,  on  the  Atlantic,  3i  miles  S.  of  Edgartown,  Mass. 

South  Beav'er,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.  P.  1206. 

South  Bed'dingtoa,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
Me.,  40  miles  E.  of  Bangor.     Here  is  a  church. 

South  Bel'Iiugham,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
on  Peter's  River,  and  on  the  Milford  &  Woonsooket  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  N.E.  of  Woonsocket,  R.I.  It  has  manufactures 
of  boats,  farming-tools,  and  soap. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

South  Bend,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  county-seat  of  St. 
Joseph  CO.,  is  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern,  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk, 
Michigan  Central,  and  Vandalia  Railroads,  15  miles  W. 
ot  Elkhart,  86  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago,  10  miles  S.  of 
Niles,  Mich.,  and  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of  La  Porte.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  savings-bank,  16  churches,  the  St. 
Joseph  Academy,  3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  carriages,  furni- 
ture, farming  implements,  wood-work  for  sewing-machines 
(employing  1200  men),  flour,  paper,  woollen-goods,  bricks, 
ploughs,  reapers,  and  ohairs.  The  University  of  Notre 
Dame  (Catholic)  is  IJ  miles  from  the  city.  Pop.  in  1860, 
3832;  in  1870,  7206;  in  1880,  13,280;  in  1890,  21,819;  in 
1894,  26,000. 

South  Bend,  a  post-village  in  South  Bend  township. 
Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  the  mouth  of  Blue  Earth 
River,  3i  miles  W.  of  Mankato,  and  90  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  301;  of  township,  504. 

South  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Lincoln. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafay- 
ette Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Cincinnati  Fertilizer  Manufacturing  Company. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in 
South  Bend  township,  on  Crooked  Creek,  12  miles  W.  of 
Indiana,  and  about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  The 
township  contains  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1127. 

South  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Toung  oo.,  Tex. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Willopa  River,  3  miles  from  Shoalwater  Bay,  and  18 
miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  large  lumber-mill.  Large 
sea-going  vessels  can  ascend  to  this  place. 

South  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Berlin  township,  on  the  Little  Hoosic  River  and  the 
Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.  of  Berlin,  and 
22  miles  E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Berlin,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbia. 

South  Berne,  b^rn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Berne  township, 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  50. 

South  Ber'wick,  a  post-village  in  South  Berwick 
township,  York  co..  Me.,  on  the  Salmon  Falls  River  and 
the  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  45  miles  S.W. 
of  Portland,  and  about  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dover,  N.H.  It 
contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  a 
savings-bank,  an  academy,  a  woollen-factory,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  ladies'  shoes,  with  about 
400  operatives.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Salmon  Falls  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  3434. 


South  Beth'any,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  8  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

South  Beth'el,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bethel  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  1  mile  from  Locke's  Mills  Station.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

South  Beth'lehem,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Athens  A  Schenectady  Branch  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  a  tannery. 

South  Bethlehem,  a  post-borongh  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  opposite 
Bethlehem,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, — the  main 
offices  of  whose  system  are  located  here, — at  the  terminus 
of  the  Bethlehem  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad,  57  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Lehigh  University  (Episcopal) — with  a  handsome  stone 
main  edifice,  a  magnificent  library  building,  a  gymnasium, 
chemical  and  physical  laboratories,  a  beautiful  chapel,  <fcc. 
— richly  endowed  by  the  Hon.  Asa  Packer,  to  whose  munif- 
icence the  borough  is  also  indebted  for  St.  Luke's  Hospital 
with  its  training-school  for  nurses.  The  borough  has  17 
churches,  a  children's  home,  a  national  bank,  a  trust  com- 
pany, 4  building  and  loan  associations,  and  industrial 
establishments  which  embrace  an  iron  company  with  a 
capital  of  $4,000,000,  a  foundry  and  machine  company 
(capital  $50,000),  zinc-works  (capital  $600,000),  and  manu- 
factures of  boilers,  <fcc.  A  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4925 ;  in  1890,  10,302. 

South  Billerica,  bil'^r-ik-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Biller- 
ica  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Billerica  & 
Bedford  Railroad.     It  has  a  machine-shop. 

South  Black  River.    See  Black  River. 

South  Blen'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

South  Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  town- 
ship, Pickaway  co.,  0.,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  2  miles  from 
Ashville  Station,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Scioto  River,  anrf 
18  miles  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  283. 

South  Bloomingville,  Hocking  co.,  0.    See  Bloom- 

INGVILLE. 

South  Board'man,  a  post-hamlet  in  Boardman  town- 
ship, Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  61  miles  N.  of  Reed  City.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Bol'ivar,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belmont. 

South  Bolton,  b51't9n,  a  post-village  in  Brome  oo., 
Quebec,  19i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waterloo.    It  has  a  sav-mill. 

South  Bom^bay',  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y., 
12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malone.     It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

Southborough,  south'biir-riih,  a  town  of  England,  oo. 
of  Kent,  2  miles  S.  of  Tunbridge  Wells.     Pod.  3468. 

Southborough,  south'biir-riih,  a  post- village  in  South- 
borough  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston, 
Clinton  &  Fitohburg  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Boston,  and 
16  miles  E.  of  Worcester.  It  contains  a  town  house,  3 
churches,  a  public  library,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  goods  and  boots  and  shoos.  The  Boston 
&  Albany  Railroad  crosses  the  S.  part  of  the  township.  It 
contains  also  Cordaville  and  Fayville.     Pop.  in  1890,  2114. 

South  Bosque,  bos'ki,  a  post-village  of  McLennan 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  South  Bosque  Creek,  12  miles  W.  of  Waco. 

South  Bos'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Ind.,  in  Franklin  township,  6i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches. 

South  Boston,  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.  South  Boston  is  a  part 
of  the  city  of  Boston,  occupying  a  peninsula  in  the  harbor 
with  South  Bay  on  the  W.  and  Dorchester  Bay  on  the  S.E. 

South  Boston,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  Dan  River  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  at 
Boston  Station,  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Danville,  and  109 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  about  10  general  stores. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  South  Boston  Depot. 

South  Brabant,  bri-bant',  a  province  of  Belgium, 
bounded  N.  by  Antwerp,  E.  by  Limbourg  and  Liege,  S.  by 
Namur  and  Hainaut,  and  W.  by  East  Flanders.  Area,  1268 
square  miles.     Capital,  Brussels.     Pop.  (1892)  1,136,827. 

South  Brad'ford,  a  hamlet  in  Bradford  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  3  miles  S.  of  Bradford  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

South  Bradford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Brain'tree,  a  post-village  in  Braintrec  town- 
ship, Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Plymouth  Branch  of  that  road,  11  miles 
S,  of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-bank  and  2  churches. 
Here  is  the  Thayer  School,  founded  by  Sylvanus  Thayer, 
who  gave  $250,000  to  build  and  endow  it. 


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South  Branch,  a  poat-township  of  Watonwan  eo., 
Minn.     Pop.  208. 

South  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Earitan  River,  about  24  miles 
N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a;  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

South  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Sullivan  &  Erie  Railroad,  at  Wilcox's  Station,  12  miles 
S.  of  Towanda. 

South  Branch,  a  station  of  the  Bachman  Valley  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  E.  of  Hanover,  Pa. 

South  Branch,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  river  Kennebac- 
casis,  6  miles  from  Penobsquis.     Pop.  200. 

South  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  eo..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  river  Stewiaoke,  6i 
miles  from  Upper  Stewiacke.     Pop.  250. 

South  Branch  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  at  French's,  on  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.E.  of  Cumberland. 

South  Branch  Oromocto.     See  Blissyille. 

South  Brews'ter,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brewster  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  about  86  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

South'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Southbridge  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  about  32 
miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York 
&  New  England  Railroad,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  about  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
prints,  delaines,  calicoes,  carriages,  shoe-knives,  boots,  Ac. 
The  township  contains  Globe  Village.     Pop.  in  1890,  7655. 

South  Bridgeton,  bri[j't9n,  a  post-village  in  Bridge- 
ton  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about  36  miles  N.W. 
of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  a  sash- 
and  door-factory. 

South  Bris'tol,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bristol  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  a  small 
islet,  about  16  miles  E.S.B.  of  Bath.  The  islet  is  connected 
with  the  mainland  by  a  bridge.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  menhaden  oil. 

South  Bristol,  a  post-township  of  Ontario  oo.,  N.Y., 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Canandaigua  Lake.  Its  surface 
is  diversified  by  high  and  steep  hills.  South  Bristol  Post- 
Office  is  at  a  hamlet  called  Cold  Spring,  or  Bristol  Springs, 
14  miles  from  Canandaigua.  It  has  a  town  house  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  1251. 

South  Britain,  a  term  sometimes  applied  to  England 
and  Wales,  as  distinguished  from  Scotland,  or  North  Britain. 

South  Britain,  brit't'n,  a  post-village  in  Southbury 
township.  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Pomerang  River, 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven. .  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  factories  and  mills. 

South'brook,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  139. 

South  Brook'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brookfield  town- 
ship, Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver  Creek,  about  24  miles 
S.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Brooks,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  oo..  Me.,  8  or  9 
"liles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 

South  Brooks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast. 

South  Bruns'wick,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co., 
N.J.     Pop.  3779. 

South  Buffalo,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
S.  part  of  the  city  of  Buffalo. 

South  Buffalo,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1633. 

South  Bur'lington,  a  township  of  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.     Pop.  791. 

Southbury,  sSwth'b^r-e,  a  post- village  in  Southbury 
township.  New  Haven  oo..  Conn.,  on  thCjPomeraug  River, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Waterbury,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  paper, 
woollen  goods,  and  ploughs.  The  township  is  bounded  S.W. 
by  the  Housatonic  River.     Pop.  of  township  about  1500. 

South  But'ler,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles 
E.  of  Georgiana  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  store. 

South  Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Quincy.     It  is  also  called  Whig  Corners. 

South  Butler,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  S.  border  of  Butler  township,  about  44  miles  E.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  a  basket-factory,  &c.     Pop.  about  350. 

South  Butte,  bute,  a  post-office  of  Sutter  oo.,  Cal. 

South  By'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
about  30  miles  N,  by  B.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  cheese- factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 


South  By'ron,  a  post-village  in  Byron  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  7i 
miles  N.E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  church  and  several  stores 
Pop.  about  250. 

South  Cab'ot,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

South  Cairo,  ka'ro,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cairo  township, 
Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Catskill  Creek,  about  11  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Hudson. 

South  Calder,  kawl'd^r,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  in 
Lanarkshire,  tributary  to  the  Clyde. 

South  Cal^edo'nia,  a  station  in  Boone  co..  111.,  on  the 
Kenosha  division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Rockford. 

South  Cambridge,  kam'brij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Railroad, 
about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Cam'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
foundry. 

South  Cam'eron,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Elmira. 

South  Canaan,  ka'n^n,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  co.. 
Conn.,  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford. 

South  Canaan,  a  post-village  in  South  Canaan  town- 
ship, Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Honesdale. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Com- 
pany's Railroad,  and  has  3  churches,  also  manufactures  of 
leather  and  lumber.     Pop.  1308. 

South  Canadian,  ka-na'de-an,  a  post-office  of  Choc- 
taw Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  Jk 
Texas  Railroad,  107  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Vinita. 

South  Canara,  k&n'&-r&,  a  district  of  India,  Madras 
presidency,  bounded  W.  by  the  sea  and  E.  by  Mysore  and 
Coorg.  Area,  3902  square  miles.  Capital,  Mangalore.  Pop. 
918,362. 

South  Candor,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.     See  Catatonk. 

South  Caniste'o,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Canterbury,  kan't^r-b^r-e,  a  post-office  of 
Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Norwich. 

South  Cape,  the  southernmost  point  of  Tasmania,  in 
lat.  43°  40'  S. 

South  Carolina,  k&r-o-li'na,  one  of  the  Southern 
Atlantic  States,  and  one  of  the  original  thirteen  members 
of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  North 
Carolina,  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  S.W.  by  Georgia,  lying 
between  lat.  32°  and  35°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  78°  25'  and  83° 
19'  W.  It  is  separated  from  Georgia  by  the  Savannah  and 
Chattooga  Rivers,  and  is  of  roughly  triangular  outline. 
Area,  30,670  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — OflF  the  coast,  mainly  to  the  S.W. 
of  Charleston,  lie  the  flat  and  low  sea-islands,  separated 
from  the  mainland  and  from  one  another  by  a  series  of  shal- 
low sounds  and  inlets.  For  about  100  miles  inland  from 
the  coast  the  country  is  level  and  sandy,  covered  mainly 
with  pine  forests,  with  occasional  rice-swamps.  The  next 
belt  is  the  sand-hill  country,  along  whose  upper  border  runs 
"the  ridge,"  above  which  the  country  is  beautifully  diver- 
sified, rising  gradually  to  the  Blue  Ridge  in  the  N.W.,  iu 
which  range  is  Table  Mountain,  4000  feet  high,  the  highest 
point  in  the  state. 

Geology. — The  upper  part  of  South  Carolina  is  mainly 
eozoic,  but  along  the  S.E.  border  of  the  eozoic  or  hilly 
region  there  are  several  detached  areas  of  considerable  size 
which  are  referable  to  the  Silurian,  and  upon  the  Silurian, 
in  Chesterfield  co.,  rests  a  very  small  field  of  the  triassic. 
The  level  pine  woods  and  coast-lands  are  tertiary  and 
quaternary,  with  occasional  exposures  of  the  cretaceous,  a? 
along  the  Great  and  Little  Pedee  Rivers  and  Lynch 's 
Creek.  Among  the  mineral  treasures  of  the  state  are  gold 
(found  in  7  or  8  of  the  N.W.  counties,  in  veins,  nuggets, 
and  gravel),  which  is  still  mined  to  some  extent;  ores  of 
iron,  manganese,  copper,  lead,  and  bismuth,  chiefly  north- 
westward ;  abundance  of  kaolin,  red  and  yellow  ochres, 
buhr-stone,  and  metamorphic  shales  suitable  for  flagging ; 
handsome  red,  white,  and  variegated  granites  and  syenites ; 
white  and  colored  marbles  and  limestones  j  fine  soapstones, 
Ac.  The  trias  afibrds  a  little  coal  and  some  graphite.  But 
at  present  the  mineral  of  greatest  economic  importance  is 
the  (post-pliocene)  phosphatic  lime-rock  of  the  lowland 
and  river-beds  near  Charleston,  and  also  on  the  Stono, 
Ashepoo,  and  Edisto  Rivers,  and  near  St.  Helena  Sound. 
This  is  largely  collected,  and  converted  into  a  cheap  and 
eS'ective  fertilizer.  The  mineral  is  probably  of  remote  an- 
imal origin,  and  exists  in  great  abundance. 


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Coait-Line  and  Bivers. — From  Little  River  Inlet  to  Sa- 
vannah River  the  ooast  extends  200  milea  ip  a  S.W.  course. 
Winyaw  Bay,  Bull's  Bay,  Charleston  harbor,  Stono  Inlet, 
Edisto  Inlet,  St.  Helena  Sound,  and  Port  Royal  entrance 
afford  harbor  facilities,  but  the  only  first-class  harbors  are 
those  of  Charleston  and  Port  Royal,  on  the  latter  of  which 
are  the  towns  of  Beaufort  and  Hilton  Head.  Charleston, 
Beaufort,  and  Georgetown  are  ports  of  entry.  The  Sa- 
vannah River  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
and  much  higher  by  small  boats.  The  rivers  Ashley  and 
Cooper  flow  into  Charleston  harbor.  The  Santee,  with 
its  constituent  streams  the  Congaree  and  Wateree,  affords 
steam-navigation  to  Columbia  and  Camden,  and  bateaux 
may  ascend  the  two  latter  streams  nearly  to  the  mountains. 
The  Great  Pedee  admits  of  steam-navigation  to  Cheraw, 
150  miles.  The  Combahee  and  Edisto  admit  of  some  navi- 
gation. Inside  the  sea-islands  the  sounds  afford  a  safe  and 
tranquil  passage  for  river-steamers.  The  Cooper  and  Santee 
Rivers  are  connected  by  the  Santee  Canal,  22  miles  long. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  TouriaU. — Table  Rook,  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  the  highest  point  of  land  in  the  state  (4000  feet), 
has  a  sheer  perpendicular  front  1100  feet  high ;  and  Caesar's 
Head,  in  the  same  vicinity,  is  a  remarkable  hemispherical 
sminence.  Glenn,  Limestone,  and  Cedar  Springs  have 
medicinal  waters.  Aiken  is  a  noted  sanitarium  for  con- 
sumptives and  paralytics,  its  climate  and  soil  being  dry 
and  the  temperature  mild  and  equable.  The  falls  of  the 
Saluda  are  in  a  mountain-tract  of  much  picturesque  beauty. 

Agriculture. — The  sea-islands  are  specially  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  long-staple  or  sea-island  cotton  and  of  rice ;  the 
tidal  swamps,  to  rice-culture;  the  inland  swamps,  when 
drained,  to  corn,  cotton,  rice,  and  pease ;  the  salt  marshes, 
to  long  cotton ;  the  oak-and-pine  and  the  oak-and-hickory 
lands,  to  corn  and  cotton;  the  pine  barrens  (6,000,000  acres) 
now  afford  principally  naval  stores,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pas- 
turage. The  northwestern  region  produces  corn,  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  tobacco,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruits,  apples, 
pears,  and  plums  doing  well  there.  The  fig  and  pomegranate 
thrive  in  the  lower  counties,  and  the  peach  and  grape 
flourish  everywhere.  The  production  of  early  vegetables, 
principally  green  peas,  potatoes,  and  tomatoes,  and  also  of 
strawberries  for  the  New  York  market,  is  already  an  im- 
portant occupation.  The  climate  is  well  adapted  for  wine- 
and  silk-culture,  and  probably  also  for  the  growth  of  the 
tea-plant.  Indigo  was  formerly  raised  here  on  a  large  and 
profitable  scale,  and  its  culture  might  be  restored  with  ad- 
vantage. Stock-raising  and  wool-growing  are  carried  on 
with  profit;  and  experiments  have  been  made  towards  the 
naturalization  of  the  Angora  or  mohair  goat.  The  Euro- 
pean walnut  and  chestnut  succeed  well  here.  Green  maize 
and  the  cow-pea  are  the  principal  forage-plants  grown,  and 
the  rice  of  South  Carolina  is  regarded  as  the  best  article 
of  its  kind  known  to  commerce. 

Natural  Production. — The  native  forest  trees  include 
several  oaks,  of  which  one  is  the  very  valuable  evergreen 
or  live  oak,  the  long-leaf  and  other  useful  pines,  several 
hickories,  and  many  other  important  timber-trees.  The 
palmetto  and  the  so-called  Spaniah  moss  are  oharacteristio 
plants  of  the  lowlands. 

The  Climate  of  the  pines  and  of  the  sand-hill  belt  is  very 
dry  and  equable,  and  is  believed  to  exercise  a  remarkably 
curative  influence  upon  those  afflicted  with  pulmonary  and 
other  chronic  diseases.  The  rice-swamps  emit  a  malarial 
influence  which  is  dangerous  to  the  unaoclimated,  and  the 
coast-region  has  been  visited  by  severe  epidemics  of  yellow 
fever.  The  mountain-region  has  a  delightful  summer  cli- 
mate, and  is  much  visited  by  tourists. 

Manufacturing. — The  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  is 
receiving  much  attention  of  late,  and  quite  a  number  of 
mills  are  profitably  run.  Lumber-sawing,  the  manufacture 
of  woollens,  cotton-seed,  oil  and  oil-cake,  turpentine  oil, 
rosin,  tar,  and  pitch,  phosphates  (from  the  rock  deposit  al- 
ready mentioned),  flouring,  rice-hulling,  and  the  tanning 
and  currying  of  leather  are  industries  of  considerable  im- 
portance. The  water-power  of  the  upper  and  middle  coun- 
ties is  ample ;  but  in  the  coast  region  steam  is  generally 
employed,  and  some  flour-mills  are  moved  by  horse-power. 

Commerce  is  principally  carried  on  from  the  three  ports 
of  entry, — Charleston,  Georgetown,  and  Beaufort,  the 
proper  tonnage  of  these  ports  being  about  12,000,  3500,  and 
2000  respectively.  Foreign  commerce  centres  mainly  at 
Charleston,  but  is  also  shared  by  Beaufort  to  some  extent. 
Rice,  cotton,  phosphate  and  phosphatio  rook,  lumber,  naval 
stores,  cotton-seed  and  its  oil,  oil-cake,  fish,  and  spring 
vegetables  are  the  principal  articles  shipped.  The  rivers  of 
South  Carolina  have  afforded  much  fresn  shad  for  Northern 
markets,  and  oysters  thrive  naturally  along  the  coast. 


Railroads.— IhQ  South  Carolina  Railroad,  built  1830-33, 
was  the  first  railroad  to  employ  an  American-built  locomo- 
tive, and  this  was  also  the  first  successful  locomotive  ever 
run  in  this  country.  In  1850  the  state  had  250  miles  of 
railroad;  in  1860,  973  milea;  in  1870, 1139  miles;  in  1880, 
1429  miles;  in  1890,  2297  miles.  The  railroad  taxes  paid 
to  the  state  in  1889  amounted  to  $221,793. 

The  counties  (formerly  districts)  are  35  in  number,  viz., 
Abbeville,  Aiken,  Anderson,  Barnwell,  Beaufort,  Berke- 
ley, Charleston,  Chester,  Chesterfield,  Clarendon,  Colleton, 
Darlington,  Edgefield,  Fairfield,  Florence,  Georgetown, 
Greenville,  Hampton,  Horry,  Kershaw,  Lancaster,  Lau- 
rens, Lexington,  Marion,  Marlborough,  Newberry,  Oconee, 
Orangeburg,  Pickens,  Richland,  Spartanburg,  Sumter, 
Union,  Williamsburg,  and  York.  The  principal  cities  are 
Charleston  (pop.  in  1890,  54,955)  and  Columbia,  the  capital 
(15,353) ;  and  other  places  of  importance  are  Aiken,  Ander- 
son, Beaufort,  Camden,  Cheraw,  Chester,  Clifton,  Cokes- 
bury,  Conwayborough,  Parlington,  Edgefield,  Florence, 
Georgetown,  Greenville,  Greenwood,  Kingstree,  Lancaster, 
Laurens,  Marion,  Newberry,  Orangeburg,  Pendleton,  Pick- 
ensville,  Piedmont,  Rock  Hill,  Spartanburg,  Summerville, 
Somter,  Walhalla,  Walterborough,  and  Winnsborough. 

Government,  &e. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  the  term  of 
two  years,  by  a  plurality  of  votes.  Voters  must  have  lived 
one  year  in  the  state  and  sixty  days  in  the  county  where 
the  ballot  is  cast.  The  general  assembly  consists  of  a  senate 
of  34  members  and  a  lower  house  of  124  representatives. 
Most  judicial  oflftcers  are  chosen  either  by  the  general  as- 
sembly or  by  popular  vote,  and  all  judges  have  fixed  terms 
of  service.  The  state  sends  7  representatives  to  the  lower 
house  of  Congress.  At  Columbia  are  situated  the  state 
penitentiary  and  reformatory  school,  the  lunatic  asylum, 
and  the  orphan  asylum ;  and  at  Cedar  Springs  is  the  state 
institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind. 

Education. — The  free  public  school  system  is  presided 
over  by  commissioners  for  the  state  and  for  each  county, 
and  there  are  boards  of  county  examiners  and  district 
trustees.  There  are  a  state  normal  school  and  a  female 
college  at  Columbia,  in  which  city  is  also  the  state  univer- 
sity, open  to  white  and  colored  students,  with  preparatory, 
legal,  medical,  special,  and  academical  courses  of  study. 
To  Claflin  University,  Orangeburg,  are  af&liated  the  state 
agricultural  college  and  mechanical  institute  and  a  Metho- 
dist theological  school.  Charleston  College,  at  Charleston, 
is  an  institution  of  high  character.  Furman  University, 
female  college,  and  divinity  school  (Baptist),  at  Greenville, 
Newberry  Allege  (Lutheran),  at  Walhalla,  Erskine  Col 
lege  (Associate  Reformed),  at  Due  West,  and  a  female  col- 
lege at  the  same  place,  Wofford  College  (Methodist),  at 
Spartanburg,  Mount  Zion  College,  at  Winnsborough,  the 
medical  college  at  Charleston,  and  the  Presbyterian  theo- 
logical seminary  at  Columbia  are  among  the  more  important 
educational  institutions  in  the  state. 

History. — Perman«nt  settlement  of  white  colonists  in 
South  Carolina  was  first  effected  at  Port  Royal  in  1670  by 
a  party  of  English,  who  afterwards  founded  Charleston 
(1680),  the  country  having  been  a  part  of  the  Carolina 
province  since  1663.  In  1729  the  two  Carolina  provinces 
were  divided,  and  the  crown-government  was  established 
in  place  of  John  Locke's  cui-ious  constitution,  which  had 
established  a  nobility  of  landgraves  and  caciques  under  the 
colonial  proprietors.  Many  French  Huguenots  came  over 
in  1685,  and  Scotch,  Irish,  Swiss,  and  German  immigra- 
tions followed.  During  the  Revolution  important  actions 
occurred  at  Charleston,  Fort  Moultrie,  Camden,  the  Cow- 
pens,  King's  Mountain,  Eutaw  Springs,  Monk's  Corner, 
the  Combahee,  dsc,  and  the  state  suffered  much  from  the 
toryism  of  her  own  people,  but  her  honor  was  nobly  sus- 
tained by  such  patriots  as  Laurens,  Hayne,  Jasper,  Horry, 
Marion,  and  Sumter.  In  1832-33  occurred  the  famous 
nullification  troubles  in  South  Carolina.  In  1860  the  state, 
which  had  always  taken  extreme  state-rights  ground,  passed 
the  ordinance  of  secession  in  a  convention  at  Charleston, 
and  in  this  action  she  was  speedily  followed  by  most  of  the 
other  slave-holding  states.  The  bombardment  of  Fort 
Sumter  in  the  following  April  precipitated  the  war  of 
1861-65,  during  the  course  of  which  South  Carolina  suf- 
fered severely.     She  was  restored  to  the  Union  in  1868. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  249,073 ;  in  1800,  345,591 ; 
in  1310,415,115;  in  1820,502,741;  in  1830,581,185;  in 
1840,  594,398;  in  1850,  668,507;  in  1860,  703,708;  in  1870, 
705,606,  of  whom  only  289,667  were  white;  in  1880,995,577, 
of  whom  391,105  were  white;  in  1890,  1,151,149. 

South  Car'rollton,  a  post- village  of  Muhlenberg  co., 
Ky.,  on  Green  River,  and  on  the  Owensborough  &  Na^hrille 
Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Owensborough,  and  10  miles  N.Ex 


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of  Greenville.  It  has  several  warehouses,  the  South  Car- 
rollton  Institute,  2  flouring-mills,  and  3  churches.    Pop.  493: 

Soath  Carthage,  kar'thij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

South  Car'ver,  a  post-village  in  Carver  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
iron-foundry  established  in  1757,  and  a  manufactory  of 
parlor-grates. 

Soath  Cas'co,  a  post-hamlet  in  Casco  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  Sebago  Lake,  about  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Portland.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

South  Cass,  also  called  Odes'sa  Centre,  a  post- 
village  in  Odessa  township,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  about  35  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  about  200. 

South  Cave,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  East  Riding,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Market-Weigh- 
ton.  John  "Washington,  the  grandfather  of  the  great 
American  patriot,  emigrated  from  this  parish  in  1657. 

South  Ce'dar,  a  post-ofi6ce  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas. 

South  Cham'pion,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Watertown. 

South  Charlestoii,charlz't9n,  a  post-village  in  Madi- 
son township,  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Springfield,  Jackson  & 
Pomeroy  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  coumeots  Co- 
lumbus with  Xenia,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  Ac.     Pop.  932. 

South  Charlestown,  charlz'town,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Charlestown  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connec- 
ticut River,  and  on  the  Sullivan  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bel- 
lows Falls.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  cigar-factory. 

South  Charlotte,  shar'l9t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  in  Charlotte  township,  17  miles  S.  of  Calais. 

South  Chatham,  chat'am,  a  post-village  in  Chatham 
township,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about 
62  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford. 

South  Chatham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Chatham  township, 
Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Fryeburg,  Me.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

South  Chelmsford,  oh5mz'f9rd,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Chelmsford  township,  on  the  Bos- 
ion,  Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Lowell. 

South  Ches'ter,  a  borough  of  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
forming  a  southern  suburb  of  Chester,  Pa.  It  is  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  and  has 
4  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  and  7  manufactories  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods.  Pop.  in  1890,  7076.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing on  the  Delaware.  The  post-office  and  station 
are  called  Thurlow. 

South  Ches'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Chesterville  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Augusta,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Farmington.     Pop.  about  50. 

South  Chicago,  she-kah'go,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co., 
III.,  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  post-office.  Numerous  rail- 
roads pass  through  this  section  of  the  city. 

South  Chi'na,  a  post-village  of  China  township, 
Kennebeo  co.,  Me.,  on  China  Lake,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  a  church  and  several  general  stores. 
Pop.  of  township,  about  1400. 

South  Cli'max,  a  post-office  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich., 
near  Climax  station,  63  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lansing. 

^outh  Codo'rus,  township,  York  co..  Pa.    P.  2002. 

South  Colton,  kol'tgn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Colton  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racket  River,  about 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  1  or  more  saw-mills. 

South  Columbia,  ko-lum'be-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  25  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Columbia,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Richfield  Springs. 

South  Cor'inth,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
15i  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

South  Corinth,  a  post-village  in  Corinth  township, 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
tannery,  3  stores,  and  nearly  30  houses. 

South  Cor'nish,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H. 

South  Cortland,  kort'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Cortland.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

South  Cot'tonwood,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co., 
Utah. 

South  Cov'entry,  a  post-village  in  Coventry  town- 
shin.  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  near  the  Willimantio  River,  1  mile 


from  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  and  24  miles  E. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  woollen- 
mills,  3  silk-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

South  Coventry,  township,  Chester  co..  Pa.  Pop.  649. 

South  Covington,  a  post- village  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati, 
0.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dixon  oo.,  Neb.,  about 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

South  Creek,  Beaufort  oo.,  N.C.    See  Oregon  Mills. 

South  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  South  Creek  township, 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at 
Gillett  Station,  12  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
church.  The  post-office  at  this  place  is  Gillett.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1070. 

South  Cum'minsTllIe,  a  station  in  Hamilton  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad,  5  miles  N. 
of  Cincinnati. 

South  Cuyler,  ki'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co., 
N.Y.,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Dako'ta,  a  northwestern  state  of  the  American 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  North  Dakota,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  seventh  standard  parallel,  or  the  parallel 
45°  50'  40"  N.  lat.,  E.  by  Minnesota,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  Lake  Traverse,  Big  Stone  Lake,  and  the  meridian 
96"  20'  W.  Ion.,  and  by  Iowa,  from  which  it  is  mainly  parted 
by  the  Big  Sioux  River,  S.  by  Nebraska,  with  the  line  of 
division  formed  by  the  Missouri  River  and  the  parallel  43® 
N.  lat.  On  the  W.  it  is  separated  from  Montana  and 
Wyoming  by  the  meridian  104°  W.  Ion.  Its  length  E. 
and  W.  is  about  360  miles,  and  its  breadth  N.  and  S.  about 
225  miles.     Area,  77,650  square  miles. 

Topography  and  Drainage. — The  surface  of  the  state  i* 
in  general  that  of  a  great  undulating  plain.  It  is  divided 
into  two  nearly  equal  sections  by  the  Missouri  River,  which 
enters  the  state  from  North  Dakota,  and,  after  crossing  it  in 
a  southeasterly  direction,  forms  a  part  of  the  southern 
boundary.  E.  of  the  Missouri,  level  and  rolling  prairie 
lands  predominate.  The  Plateau  du  Coteau  du  Missouri, 
which  follows  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river  in  its  passage 
across  North  Dakota,  extends  southward  into  this  state. 
Along  the  eastern  border-line  there  extends  N.  and  S.  for 
about  200  miles  a  long  narrow  plateau  known  as  the  Coteau 
des  Prairies.  Throughout  this  latter  elevated  region  there 
are  numerous  small  salt  lakes  without  outlets.  Between 
these  two  plateaus  is  the  narrow  valley  of  the  James  or 
Dakota  River.  W.  of  the  Missouri  the  plain  is  more 
uneven,  the  hills  and  buttes  are  more  numerous,  and  the 
elevated  region  finally  culminates  towards  the  S.W.  in  the 
Black  Hills.  This  is  a  rugged  region  of  upheaval,  covering 
an  area  of  3500  square  miles  or  more  within  this  state  and 
extending  into  Wyoming.  This  district  has  a  general 
elevation  of  4000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  Harney's  Peak,  the 
highest  point,  reaches  an  altitude  of  7700  feet.  S.E.  of  the 
Black  Hills,  covering  an  area  of  100  square  miles,  are  the 
Bad  Lands,  or  Mauvait  Terres  of  the  early  French  settlers. 
The  character  of  this  remarkable  region  is  indescribably 
unique.  Although  this  p6rtion  of  the  state  is  usually  de- 
scribed as  barren  and  useless  land,  its  caSons  and  some  of 
the  level  tracts  contain  a  rich  growth  of  vegetation  which 
has  to  some  extent  been  utilized  for  grazing.  The  central 
and  western  portions  of  the  state  are  drained  by  the  Mis- 
souri and  its  tributaries,  of  which  the  most  important  are 
the  Grande,  the  Moreau,  the  Big  Cheyenne,  the  Bad,  and 
the  White  Rivers.  The  eastern  part  lies  mainly  in  the  val- 
leys of  the  James,  or  Dakota,  and  the  Big  Sioux  Rivers, 
which  are  also  affluents  of  the  Missouri. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  greater  part  of  the  State  is 
of  cretaceous  formation,  covered  throughout  the  E.  and  in 
some  parts  of  the  western  Missouri  Valley  by  glacial  drift. 
In  the  S.  and  S.W.  is  a  large  area  of  Tertiary  deposits 
extending  southward  into  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  and  west- 
ward into  Wyoming.  In  the  Black  Hills  there  are  ex- 
posures of  nearly  every  geological  period.  The  various 
formations  are  disposed  in  conce»tric  bands,  elliptical  in 
form  around  Harney's  Peak  as  a  nucleus.  The  ores  of 
the  Black  Hills  are  of  great  variety  and  almost  inexhaust- 
ible in  quantity.  In  the  inner  rings  especially  are  veins 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  and  tin.  In  many  oaaes 
erosion  has  been  so  complete  as  to  form  rich  placer  deposits 
in  the  valleys  and  canons.  The  deposits  of  tin  are  the 
most  valuable  in  America,  and  promise  the  development 
of  a  most  valuable  industry.  Large  tracts  of  country  W. 
of  the  Missouri  are  underlaid  with  lignite,  and  coal  of  ex- 
cellent quality  has  been  discovered  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Black  Hills  and  elsewhere,  but  it  has  not  yet  been  exten- 
sively worked.     Natural  gas   has   been   found  in  Sully, 


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Hughes,  nnd  McCook  Counties,  and  in  some  other  localities. 
Mica  has  been  mined  on  a  large  scale  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Clays,  lime,  cement,  chalk,  and  building-stones  are  abun- 
dant. The  quartzite  or  jasper  granite  of  the  Big  Sioux  Val- 
ley is  already  famous.  It  occurs  in  various  pleasing  shades, 
is  suflBciently  hard  to  cut  glass,  and  is  susceptible  of  a  high 
polish.  The  grotesquely -shaped  cretaceous  rocks  of  the  Bad 
Lands  abound  in  interesting  fossils,  of  which  scarcely  a 
single  specimen  is  familiar  to  the  anatomist  of  to-day. 

Climate.— South  Dakota  enjoys  a  dry,  bracing  climate, 
with  comparatively  mild  winters,  in  which  even  extreme 
cold  is  much  less  noticeable,  on  account  of  the  dryness  of 
the  atmosphere,  than  it  is  in  Now  York  or  New  England, 
which  lie  in  the  same  latitude.  The  rainfall  is  commonly 
suflBcient  for  the  development  of  the  crops,  but  on  account 
of  occasional  droughts,  a  system  of  artificial  irrigation  is 
under  contemplation.  The  water  supply  is  in  many  cases 
obtained  from  artesian  wells,  which  are  remarkable  for  their 
great  pressure  and  the  volume  of  water  supplied.  The 
subterranean  pressure  is  often  suflScient  to  insure  complete 
fire  protection,  and  to  furnish  power  for  manufacturing. 

Resources, — The  natural  productions  are  numerous  and 
varied.  The  mineral  wealth  has  already  been  noticed.  In 
most  sections  of  the  state  the  soil  is  remarkably  fertile,  and 
agriculture  is  the  leading  industry.  Wheat  is  the  staple 
crop,  and  its  quality  has  a  world-wide  reputation.  In  the  S. 
corn  is  the  important  crop.  Flax,  oats,  barley,  hay,  and 
sorghum  are  also  among  the  valuable  products.  Garden 
vegetables  and  fruits  of  various  kinds  are  extensively 
cultivated.  Stock-raising  is  profitable  in  all  parts  of  the 
state.  The  ease  with  which  corn  is  raised  makes  the  rear- 
ing of  hogs  a  remunerative  industry.  The  number  of  fine 
horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  is  constantly  increasing. 

Railroads. — A  great  factor  in  the  growth  of  theDakotas 
has  been  the  facility  for  transportation  aflforded  by  the 
railroads.  Many  of  the  roads  were  constructed  in  advance 
of  settlement.  There  is  now  direct  and  ample  communica- 
tion with  such  markets  as  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Duluth, 
Chicago,  Sioux  City,  and  Omaha.  The  great  lines  which 
before  the  opening  of  the  Sioux  Reservation  terminated 
at  the  Missouri  will  soon  be  extended  to  the  Black  Hills, 
and  probably  to  the  Pacific  coast.  South  Dakota  had  in 
1890  2610  miles  of  railroad. 

Finances.— The  state  debt  in  1890  was  $1,020,200,  all  of 
which  was  incurred  in  the  construction  of  public  buildings. 
The  annual  interest  and  sinking-fund  charge  amounted  to 
$54,000.  The  power  of  the  legislature  to  increase  the  debt 
is  limited  to  the  extent  of  $100,000. 

Education. — There  is  an  excellent  system  of  free  common 
schools,  and  in  the  leading  towns  and  cities  graded  and  high 
schools  of  a  high  standard  are  maintained.  More  than 
2,000,000  acres  of  land  are  set  aside  for  the  support  of  the 
schools.  The  sale  of  this  land  will  ultimately  insure  an 
enormous  school  fund.  Among  the  public  institutions  of 
higher  education  are  the  state  university  at  Vermilion,  the 
agricultural  college  at  Brookings,  the  normal  schools  at 
Spoarfish  and  Madison,  the  school  of  mines  at  Rapid  City, 
and  a  school  for  deaf  mutes  at  Sioux  Falls.  There  are 
also  six  colleges  and  several  academies  and  institutions  of 
higher  learning  under  denominational  control.  The  state 
supports  a  hospital  for  the  insane  at  Yankton  and  a  soldier's 
home  at  Hot  Springs.  The  state  penitentiary  is  located  at 
Sioux  Falls,  and  there  is  a  reform  school  at  Plankington. 

Counties  and  Toxcns. — South  Dakota  has  78  counties,  viz., 
Aurora,  Beadle,  Bonhomme,  Boreman,  Brookings,  Brown, 
Brul6,  Buffalo,  Butte,  Campbell,  Charles  Mix,  Choteau, 
Clark,  Clay,  Codington,  Custer,  Davidson,  Day,  Delano, 
Deuel,  Dewey,  Douglas,  Edmunds,  Ewing,  Fall  River, 
Faulk,  Grant,  Gregory,  Hamlin,  Hand,  Hanson,  Harding, 
Hughes,  Hutchinson,  Hyde,  Jackson,  Jerauld,  Kingsbury, 
Lake,  Lawrence,  Lincoln,  Lugenbeel,  Lyman,  McCook, 
McPherson,  Marshall,  Martin,  Meade,  Meyer,  Miner,  Min- 
nehaha, Moody,  Nowlin,  Pennington,  Potter,  Pratt,  Presho, 
Pyatt,  Rinehart,  Roberts,  Sanborn,  Sohnasse,  Scobey,  Shan- 
non, Spink,  Stanley,  Sterling,  Sully,  Todd,  Tripp,  Turner, 
Union,  Wagner,  Walworth,  Washabaugh,  Washington, 
Yankton,  and  Ziebach.  The  principal  towns  are  Sioux 
Falls  (pop.  in  1890,  10,177),  Yankton  (3670),  Pierre,  the 
capital  (.3235),  Aberdeen  (3182),  Huron  (3038),  Watertown 
(2672),  Lead  City  (2581),  Deadwood  (2366),  Mitchell  (2217), 
and  Rapid  City  (2128).  The  population  of  the  state  in  1890 
was  328,808,  an  increase  of  234.60  per  cent,  over  the  pop- 
ulation in  1880  for  the  corresponding  part  of  the  territory 
of  Dakota. 

History. — Dakota  Territory  was  a  part  of  the  Louisiana 
purchase  of  1803.  It  was  made  a  part  of  Minnesota  Terri- 
tory in  1849,  and  after  1854  a  portion  was  included  in 


Nebraska  until  1864.  When,  in  1861,  Dakota  Territory 
was  organized,  including  the  greater  part  of  what  now 
constitutes  the  states  of  Montana  and  Wyoming,  the  entire 
population  was  less  than  3000.  Notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  its  area  was  much  reduced  daring  the  next  decade, 
and  that  immigration  was  retarded  by  Indian  wars,  the 
population  increased  to  12,887  in  1870.  The  discovery  of 
gold  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  opening  of  the  farming 
lands  produced  such  a  growth  that  the  census  of  1880 
showed  a  population  of  135,180,  a  figure  greatly  surpassed 
by  either  of  the  states  of  North  Dakota  or  South  Dakota 
in  1890.  On  April  19,  1888,  a  bill  passed  the  Senate  for 
the  admission  of  South  Dakota  as  a  state,  and  the  organi- 
zation of  the  territory  of  North  Dakota.  A  modification 
of  this  bill  resulted  in  the  act  of  February  22,  1889,  au- 
thorizing the  admission  of  both  North  and  South  Dakota. 
South  Dakota  became  a  state  November  3,  1889.  In  1890, 
11,000,000  acres  of  the  Sioux  Reservation,  and  in  1891, 
1,000,000  acres  of  the  Lake  Traverse  or  Sisseton  Reserva- 
tion were  opened  for  general  settlement. 

South  Danbury,  dan'b^r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  a  church. 

South  Dan'by,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira. 

South  Dansville,  New  York.     See  Rogersville. 

South  Danvers,  Massachusetts.    See  Peabody. 

South  Dau'ville«  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
in  Danville  township,  6  or  7  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

South  Dart'mouth,  or  Pa^dana'ram,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Dartmouth  township,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  Buz- 
zard's Bay,  4  miles  S.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  2  churches,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

South  Dayton,  New  York.     See  Pine  Valley. 

South  Dedham,  Massachusetts.    See  Norwood. 

South  Deer'field,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 
28  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  nearly  2  miles  W.  of  the 
Connecticut  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  pocket-books. 

South  Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Deerfield  township,  3i  miles  N.  of  Candia  Station, 
and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Concord. 

South  Deer  Isle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  Penobscot  Bay,  and  on  the  coast  of  an  island  named 
Deer  Isle,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Belfast.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

South  Del'phi,  a  village  in  Deer  Creek  township,  Car- 
roll CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  160.     It  is  now  the  4th  ward  of  Delphi. 

South  Den'nis,  a  post-village  in  Dennis  township, 
Barnstable  cc,  Mass.,  on  an  inlet,  about  2  miles  from  the 
ocean,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  81  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  2  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  maritime 
pursuits. 

South  Dennis,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Dennis  township,  3  miles  from  Seaville  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  3  churches  and  several  stores. 

South  Dix'on,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  111.    Pop.  905. 

South  Dor'set,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dorset  township, 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  at  the  base  of  Mount  uHolus,  5  miles 
from  East  Dorset  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Rutland.  It  has  a  quarry  of  white  marble  which  is  largely 
exported  for  building-purposes. 

South  Douro,  doo'ro,  a  post-village  in  Peterborouga 
CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  from  Peterborough.     Pop.  100. 

South  Do'ver,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township,  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  Me.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Dover. 

South  Dover,  a  post-village  in  Dover  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tne  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.     It  has  3  churches. 

South'down,  a  station  in  Terre  Bonne  parish,  La.,  on 
Morgan's  Louisiana  &,  Texas  Railroad  (Houma  Branch),  1^ 
miles  N.  of  Houuia. 

South  Durham,  diir'§,m,  a  post-hamlet  in  Durham 
township,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lewis- 
ton.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

South  Durham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Catskill  Mountains,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany. 

South  Durham,  Quebec.    See  New  Ddrhah. 

South  Dux'bury,a  post-village  in  Duxbury  township, 
Plymouth  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  on 
an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 

South  East,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.     P.  1566. 

South-east',  township,  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  2976. 

South  East  Bight,  a  settlement  on  the  W.  side  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  opposite  Long  Island. 


i_ 


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SOU 


South-Hast  Island)  an  island  of  the  Louisiade  Arch- 
ipelago, lat.  (S.E.  point)  11°  38'  S.,  Ion.  153°  45'  E.,  41 
miles  long,  and  lOi  miles  broad  at  its  greatest  width. 

South  East  Island,  in  the  Paoifio.    See  Ramqatira.. 

South  East'on,  a  post-village  in  Easton  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  i  mile 
from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  It  has  manufaotores  of 
machinery,  boots,  and  shoes. 

South  EastoU)  a  borough  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  at  its  mouth  in  the 
Delaware,  opposite  Easton,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Canal  and 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  and  active 
manufactures,  among  which  those  of  wire  and  of  cotton 
goods  are  prominent.     Pop.  in  1880,  4534;  in  1890,  5616. 

South  JSaston,  New  York.    See  Bbadle  Hill. 

South  Eaton,  ee't^n,  a  post-oflBce  of  Wyoming  co.. 
Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

South  E'den,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fond  du  Lao  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Fond  du  Lac. 

South  Ed'meston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Edmeston  town- 
ship, Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

South  Ed'wards,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  eo., 
N.Y.,  on  Oswegatchie  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Canton. 

South  Effingham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Effingham  town- 
ship, Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  5  or  6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ossipee. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Eg'remont,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
in  Egremont  township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  45  miles 
W.  of  Springfield,  and  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  Mount  Everett.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  axles. 

South  Elk'horn,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky., 
on  South  Elkhorn  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Providence,  and 
about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  distillery. 

South  El'liot,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Piscataqua  River,  near  the  Eastern  Railroad,  4i  miles  N. 
of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  and  3  miles  from  Elliot  Station.  It 
has  2  stores  and  a  church. 

South  Elmsley,  Ontario.    See  Lohbardt. 

South  E'ly,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  125. 

Southend',  a  hamlet  and  watering-place  of  England, 
00.  of  Essex,  on  the  Thames  estuary,  and  on  a  railway,  3 
miles  N.  of  Shoeburyness.     Pop.  2808. 

South  End,  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office. 

South  End  Long  Bridge,  a  station  of  the  Alexan- 
dria <fc  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  on  the  Potomac  River,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

South  Englewood,  fing'gh^l-wood,  a  post-village  of 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  in  Calumet  and  Lake  townships,  and  on  or 
near  several  railroads,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

South  English,  ing'glish,  a  post-village  in  English 
River  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Iowa  City.    It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank. 

South  E'rin,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  oo.,  N.Y.,  10 
or  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elmira. 

Southern,  sfiTH'^rn,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ala., 
17  miles  S.  of  Huntsville. 

Southern  Bay,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  W.  side  of 
Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Salvage. 

Southern  Dwina,  Russia.    See  DitNA. 

Southern  Pennsylvania  Junction,  a  station  in 
Franklin  co..  Pa.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cumberland  Val- 
ley and  Southern  Pennsylvania  Railroads,  59  miles  S.W. 
of  Harrisburg. 

South  Et'na,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bangor. 

South  Ev'anston,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  i,  Northwestern  Rail- 
road (Milwaukee  line),  1  mile  S.  of  Evanston,  and  11  miles 
N.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  marble-yards,  machine- 
works,  a  brush-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  2000. 

South  Ev'ansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

South  Ex'eter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
in  Exeter  township,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  church. 

South  Fabius,  Missouri.    See  Fabius. 

South  Fair'field,  a  post-office  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
about  64  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit. 

South  Fair'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad, 
about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 


South  Falls'burg,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  liTew  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Middletown. 

South  Farm'ington,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

South  Fayette,  ik-jit',  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  oo., 
Me.,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

South  Fayette,  township,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.   P.  1927. 

Sonth'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  manufactories  of  whips. 

Southfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southfield  township,  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  12  miles  S.  of  Pontiac,  and  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
township  contains  2  flour-mills,  3  saw-mills,  and  5  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1451. 

Southfield,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Goshen. 

Southfield,  a  township  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
5082.     It  includes  the  village  of  Richmond. 

South  Fin'castle,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  52  miles  E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

South  Finch,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Wales.  It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

South  Flint,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington. 

South  Flor'ence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  opposite  Florence,  and  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Florence  with  Tusoumbia.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  storehouses. 

South'ford,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
in  Southbury  township,  on  the  line  of  the  New  York  & 
New  England  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Waterbury.  It 
has  a  ohurch  and  a  paper-mill. 

South  Foreland.    See  Point  Pele,  and  Foreland. 

South  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  Ark.,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Walnut  Ridge  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.  P.  273. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Rio  Grande  co.,  Col. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.    P.  1279. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop., 
exclusive  of  Hopkinton,  1113. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop., 
exclusive  of  Maquoketa,  925. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.    P.  810 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Owsley  co.,  Ky. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Howell  co..  Mo. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.     P.  1463. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  New  Mexico. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.    P.  1398. 

South  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Conemaugh  River  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  about  50  dwellings.     Much  coal  is  mined  here. 

South  Fork,  a  station  in  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Amer- 
ican Fork  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork. 

South  Fork  of  the  Platte,  or  South  Platte 
River,  rises  at  Mount  Lincoln,  in  Colorado,  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Main  Range,  and  traverses  the  South  Park. 
It  runs  northeastward  to  Denver,  and  thence  nearly  north- 
ward to  Evans,  where  it  turns  towards  the  E.  It  intersects 
Weld  CO.,  from  which  it  passes  into  the  state  of  Nebraska, 
finally  running  eastward  until  it  unites  with  the  North  Fork 
in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.  Length,  estimated  at  550  miles.  It 
is  not  navigable. 

South  Foster,  Rhode  Island.    See  Hopkins  Mills. 

South  Fra'mingham,apost-village  in  Framingham 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  and  at  the  junction  of  several  divisions  of  the 
Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitehburg  Railroad,  21  miles  W,  by  S. 
of  Boston,  23  miles  E.  of  Worcester,  and  28  miles  S.  of 
Lowell.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  3  manufactories  of  straw  goods. 

South  Frank'fort,  a  post-village  in  Gilmore  town- 
ship, Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and 
a  furnace  or  foundry. 

South  Frank'lin,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  at  Frank- 
lin Station  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Madison. 

South  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Boston.     It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  &o. 


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South  Frauklin,  Vermont.    See  East  Franklin. 

South  Free'port,  a  post-village  in  Freeport  town- 
chip,  Cumberland  oo.,  Me.,  on  Casoo  Bay,  3  miles  from 
Yarmouth  Station,  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church,  a  ship-yard,  and  a  canning-factory. 

South  Ga'briel,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

South  Galway^  gawl'wa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Galway 
township,  Saratoga  oo.,  N.T.,  7  miles  W.  of  Ballston. 

South  Gar'diner^  a  post-hamlet  in  Gardiner  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

South  Gar^'ner^  a  post-village  in  Gardner  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts 
Railroad  and  the  Boston,  Barre  A  Gardner  Railroad,  about 
25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  chairs,  pails,  and  toys. 

South  Gas'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Halifax 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Roanoke  River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston 
Railroad,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  warehouse. 

South 'gatC)  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
^0  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

South  Gates,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  N.Y. 

South  Genesee,  jfin^^-see',  a  hamlet  of  Genesee 
township,  AVaukesha  co..  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Genesee  Depot. 

South  George'town,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  B.  of 
Boston. 

South  Georgia,  j3r'je-%,  a  large  barren  and  unin- 
habited island  of  the  Atlantic,  550  miles  E.S.E.  of  the 
Falkland  Islands.  Area,  1570  square  miles.  It  is  claimed 
by  Great  Britain.     Lat.  54®  30'  S.;  Ion.  38°  16'  W. 

South  Ger'mantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
<50.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  3  churches. 

South  Gib'son,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  oo.. 
Pa.,  in  Gibson  township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hop  Bottom 
Station,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church. 

South  Gilboa,  ghirbo'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
<!0.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  and 
about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Glastenbury,  glass'^n-b^r-e,  a  post-village  in 
■Glastenbury  township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  9  miles  below  Hartford, 
And  1  mile  from  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad.  It  has 
3  churches,  2  cotton-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

South  Glens  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Moreau  town- 
ship, Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite 
Olens  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  union 
school,  a  large  saw-mill,  manufactures  of  lime,  &c.  It  is  i 
mile  from  Glens  Falls  Station.     Pop.  1047. 

South  Glover,  gliiv'§r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt.,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

South  Goulds'borougn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goulds- 
borough  township,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Ban- 
gor. 

South  Gow'er,  or  Pelton's  Corners,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Kemptville. 

South  Gran'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Syracuse. 

South  Grand  Blanc,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  6  miles  N. 
of  Holly. 

South  Granger,  grSn'j^r,  post-office,  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 

South  Gran'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granville  town- 
ehip,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Granville  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Grape  Creek,  post-office,  Kendall  co.,  Tex. 

South  Gray,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in  Gray 
township,  3  miles  from  Gray  Station.  It  has  a  manufac- 
tory of  sleighs. 

South  Greece,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greece  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  6  or  7  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.  It  is  i  mile  from  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road.    It  has  2  stores  and  2  wire-weaving-shops. 

South  Green'field, apost-hamlet  of  Greenfield  town- 
ship, Hillsborough  oo.,  N.H.,  1  mile  from  Russell's  Cross- 
ing, on  the  Wilton  Extension  Railroad,  about  5  miles  S.E. 
of  Greenfield. 

South  Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sara- 
toga Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Grove,  a  post-office  in  South  Grove  township, 
De  Kalb  co..  111.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford.  The 
township  is  li  miles  S.  of  Kirkland  Station  on  the  Chicago 
A  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  795. 

South  Grove'Iand,a  post-village  in  Groveland  town- 
158 


ship,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  I 
mile  S.  of  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  2  churches  and  S 
woollen-mills. 

South  Gut  of  St.  Anns,  a  post-settlement  in  Vic- 
toria CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  from  Baddeck.     Pop.  160. 

South  Had'ley,  a  post- village  in  South  Hadley  town- 
ship, Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  2  miles  E.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  11  or  12  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It 
contains  5  churches,  1  or  2  high  schools,  and  the  Mount 
Holyoke  Female  Seminary,  which  has  about  275  students 
and  a  library  of  14,000  volumes.  This  seminary  has  a  high 
reputation  as  an  institution  for  the  education  of  young 
ladies.  The  township  contains  a  village  named  South 
Hadley  Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4261. 

South  Hadley  Falls,  a  post-village  in  South  Hadley 
township,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
opposite  Holyoke,  and  8^  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  manufactory  of  ginghams, 
and  2  paper-mills.  Here  is  a  great  dam  across  the  Con- 
necticut, which  near  this  place  descends  about  50  feet  over 
a  series  of  rapids  and  afi'ords  immense  motive-power,  which 
is  utilized  in  the  extensive  manufactories  of  this  village 
and  of  the  city  of  Holyoke.     Pop.  about  3000. 

South  Halifax,  hal'^-fax,  a  post-office  of  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  9  miles  N.  of  Sherburne  Falls,  Mass. 

Southham,  Wolfe  co.,  Quebec.     See  Ham. 

South  Ham'ilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Hamp'ton,  post-office,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H. 

South  Hampton,  New  York.    See  Southampton. 

South  Han 'cock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hancock  township, 
Hancock  co.,  Me.,  in  Frenchman's  Bay,  37  miles  S.E.  of 
Bangor. 

South  Han'nibal,  a  post-village  in  Hannibal  town- 
ship, Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Oswego.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  stores. 

South  Handover,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Hanover  township,  on  the  Hanover  Branch  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  shoe-nails  and  tacks. 

South  Hanover,  a  township  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop. 1196. 

South  Han'son,  a  post-village  in  Hanson  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Har'bor,  a  village  in  Victoria  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  71  miles  from  Baddeck. 

South  Harford,  New  York.    See  Harford  Mills. 

South  Har'petii,  post-office,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

South  Harps'AVell,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  and  on  a  peninsula, 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland.     Here  are  several  hotels. 

South  Hart'ford,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township, 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  woollen-mill,  and  2  grist-mills. 

South  Hart'AVick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  S.  of  Hartwick,  and  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Utica.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  some  15  houses. 

South  Har'wich,  a  post-village  in  Harwich  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  48  miles 
E.  of  New  Bedford.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  .SJ  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Haven. 

South  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  in  South  Haven  town- 
ship, Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles  S.  of  Wichita.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1627. 

South  Haven,  a  post-village  in  South  Haven  town- 
ship. Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  25 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Allegan,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kalama- 
zoo, and  80  miles  by  water  E.N.E.  of  Chicago.  A  branch 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  connects  this  place  with 
Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  school,  4  churches,  several  lumber-mills,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  nursery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1924;  of  township,  2924. 

South  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  4  miles  from  the  ocean. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Hen'derson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  oo.. 
111.,  3^  miles  from  Sagetown.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Her'mitage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  is  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Waynesburg. 

South  He'ro,  a  post-hamlet  in  South  Hero  township, 
Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on  an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  about 
14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  586. 

South  Hill,  a  post-offioe  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala. 


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South  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
46  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

South  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

South  Hill,  a  bold  and  picturesque  promontory  at  the 
S.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  St.  John's,  New- 
foundland.    It  is  700  feet  high. 

South  Hinchinbrook,  Quebec.    See  Helena. 

South  Hingham,  hing'am,  a  post-village  in  Hingham 
township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  shoes,  wooden-ware, 
and  hatchets. 

South  Hodgdon,  hSj'dQU,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hodgdon 
township,  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  7i  miles  S.  of  Honlton.  Pop. 
about  100. 

South  Hol'iand,  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  bor- 
dering on  the  North  Sea,  and  partly  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Hollands-Diep.  Area,  1155  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Leek  and  Maas  Rivers.  The  surface  is  flat,  and  liable 
to  be  inundated  by  high  tides,  but  it  is  protected  by  arti- 
ficial dikes.  This  province  is  traversed  by  several  canals 
and  railroads.  Cattle,  butter,  and  cheese  are  the  staples. 
The  chief  towns  are  the  Hague,  Rotterdam,  Leyden,  and 
Dort.     Pop.  in  1877,  780,656  ;  in  1889,  949,641. 

South  Hol'iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  in 
Thornton  township,  li  miles  from  Dolton's  Railroad  Station. 

South  Hol'li8,a  post-hamlet  in  Hollis  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  2  miles  from  Hollis  Centre.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  shooks,  Ac. 

South  Ho'mer,  a  township  of  Champaign  oo..  III. 
Pop.  1510. 

South  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hope  township,  Knox 
CO.,  Me.,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  carriages,  sash,  Ac. 

South  Horicon,  New  York.    See  Horicon. 

South  How'ard,  a  post-hamlet  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Howard  township,  about  62  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

South'ington,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Southington  township,  on  the  Quinepiac  River,  and  on  the 
New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  New 
Haven,  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cutlery,  hardware,  and  carriage  hardware. 
The  township  contains  also  Plantsville  and  Milldale,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  5500. 

Southington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southington  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and 
2  miles  W.  of  Southington  Station,  which  is  on  the  Paines- 
ville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Warren. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  of  township,  799. 

South  Island,  Alaska.    See  Seven  Islands. 

South  Island,  a  village  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C,  near 
the  sea,  about  52  miles  from  Kingstree.  It  is  a  planters' 
summer  resort. 

South  Islands  of  Arran,  Ireland.  See  Arran  Isles. 

South  Jack'son,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich., 
7  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

South  Jefferson,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Me., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta. 

South  Jefferson,  a  post-office  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany. 

South  Keene,  keen,  a  hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Keene.  It  has 
a  chair-factory. 

South  Kent,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kent  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  near  the  Housatonic '  Railroad,  aJsout  20 
miles  N.  of  Danbury. 

South  Kil'lingly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  6  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Kings'ton,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  R.I. 
Pop.  6114. 

South  Kirt'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kirtland  township. 
Lake  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

South  Kort'right,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

South  JLa  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Bangor. 

South  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Gananoque.     Pop.  100. 

South  Lake  \Veir,  weer,  post-office,  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

South  Lanc'aster,  a  post-village  in  Lancaster  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Nashua  River  and  the 
Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Clinton.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

South  Lancaster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  oo.,  N.H., 
on  the  Connecticut  River  and  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Mon- 


treal Railroad,  4^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a 
large  steam  saw-mill. 

South  Lansing,  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.    See  Midway, 

and  LiBERTYVILLE. 

South  Lawn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cook  oo..  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  3  or  4  houses. 

South  Law'rence,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad  and  the  Boston 
&  Maine  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Boston.  South  Law- 
rence is  that  part  of  the  city  of  Lawrence  which  lies  S.  of 
the  Merrimac  River. 

South  Leb'anon,  a  hamlet  in  Lumberland  tcwnship, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Pond  Eddy  Station. 

South  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Hamilton  town- 
ship, Warren  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River  and  the 
Little  Miami  Railroad,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 

South  Lebanon,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1783. 

South  Lee,  a  post-village  in  Lee  township,  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonio  River  and  the  Housatunio 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church  and  f> 
paper-mill. 

South  Lee,  a  post-office  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

South  Leeds,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me., 
12i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lewiston. 

South  Levant,  l^-vant',  a  post-hamlet  in  Levant 
township,  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor 
Lumber  is  sawed  here. 

South  Lew'iston,  a  post-village  in  Lewiston  town- 
ship, Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  division 
of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Lib'erty,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Iowa  City.  Here  is  Bon  Accord  Post- 
Office. 

South  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  22 
miles  E.  of  Augusta. 

South  Li'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
at  Hamilton  Station  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Rochester  di- 
vision), 28  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

South  Lim'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me., 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

South  Lincoln,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.    See  Lincoln. 

South  Litch'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Litchfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens,  and  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  El 
mira,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Liv'«rmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin 
CO.,  Me.,  2i  miles  from  Strickland's  Ferry,  and  about  22 
miles  N.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Livonia,  le-vo'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Livonia 
township,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  near  Conesus  Lake,  and  on 
the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of 
Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Londonderry,  lunMpn-dSr'ree,  a  post- village 
in  Londonderry  township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  West 
River,  about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  chair-factory. 

South  Lowell,  lo'^l,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co., 
Ala.,  on  a  small  river,  about 44  miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  several  stores,  a  saw-mill,  &e. 
Coal  is  found  near  it. 

South  Lowell,  a  hamlet  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Pine  Level.     It  has  a  cotton-  and  woollen-factory. 

South  Lowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Hillsborough.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

South  Lu'nenburg,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Vt. 

South  Lyme,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
and  a  station  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 
Railroad,  or  Shore  Line,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  London. 

South  Lyndeborough,  llnd'bur-ruh,  a  post-village 
in  Lyndeborough  township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about 
18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Manchester,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell 
&  Nashua  Railroad,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashua. 

South  Lynne,  lin,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S. 
of  Chic«,go. 

South  Ly'on,  a  post-village  in  Lyon  township,  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
foundry,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

South  Ma'con,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  [11.     P.  161 1. 


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SOU 


South  Ittaho'ning,  a  township  of  Indiana  cc,  Pa. 
Pop.  1131. 

South  Maiden,  Massachusetts.    See  Everett. 

South  Mau'chester,  a  post-village  in  Manchester 
township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Hart- 
ford, and  2i  miles  S.  of  the  Manchester  Station  of  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad.  It  is  connected  with  that 
station  by  a  branch  railroad.  It  has  a  silk-factory,  2  or  3 
paper-mills,  and  3  churches. 

South  Manheim,  man'hime,  a  township  of  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  929. 

South  ManitoUy  man'e-too,  an  island  of  Manitou  co., 
Mich.,  is  in  Lake  Michigan,  220  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  a  good  harbor. 

South  March,  a  post-village  in  Garleton  co.,  Ontario, 
14  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

South  Mar'tin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Vincennes. 

South  Meriden,  mSr'I-d^n,  a  post-village  in  Meriden 
township.  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  li  miles  from  Yalesville 
Station,  and  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  cutlery. 

South  Merrimac,  mgr'r^-mEk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hills- 
borough CO.,  N.H.,  in  Merrimac  township,  on  the  Wilton 
Branch  Railroad,  5^  miles  N.W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Middleborough,  mld'd^l-bilr-riih,  a  post- 
hamlet  in  Middleborough  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Capo  Cod  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  42 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Mid'dleton,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa,     Pop.  3226. 

South  Milan,  Ripley  co.,  Ind.    See  Milan. 

South  Mil'ford,  a  village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  Mispillion  Creek,  opposite  Milford,  with  which 
it  ie  incorporated.  It  is  on  the  Junction  A  Breakwater  Rail- 
road. It  has  2  churches.  Here  are  manufactures  of  lumber, 
machinery,  brooms,  phosphate,  Ac.     Pop.  1500. 

South  Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township, 
La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
has  a  drug-store  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Milford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  on  the 
Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad. 

South  Milford,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

South  Mill  Creek,  a  post-ofSoe  of  Pendleton  co., 
W.  Va. 

South  Mills,  a  post-village  in  South  Mills  township, 
Camden  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Pasomotank  River  and  the  Dismal 
Swamp  Canal,  30  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150  ;  of  township,  2056. 

South  Mil'ton,  a  hamlet  in  Milton  township,  Strafford 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  Conway  division 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  shoe-factory. 

South  Molton,  mCl't^n,  a  borough  and  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Mole,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barn- 
staple. It  has  a  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollens  and  lace.     Pop.  3978. 

South  Molun'cus,  a  post-hamlet  or  plantation  of 
Aroostook  co..  Me.,  about  45  miles  S.8.W.  of  Houlton. 

South  Monaghan,  Bloomfield,or  Centreville, 
a  post- village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  E.  of 
Miilbrook.     Pop.  100. 

South  Monmouth,  mSn'muth,  a  post-ofQce  of  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me.,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston. 

South  Monson,  miln'89n,  a  station  in  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  S. 
of  Palmer. 

South  Montague,  mdn't%-gu,  a  station  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Amherst. 

South  Montrose,  montVSz',  a  post-village  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Montrose  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Montrose.  It  has  a  steam  mill  and  a  manufactory  of  farm- 
tools. 

South  Mont'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Montville  town- 
ship, Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Mound,  apost-oflce  of  Neosho  oo.,  Kansas,  on 
the  railroad  between  Fort  Scott  and  Parsons,  7  miles  N.  of 
Parsons. 

South  Mountain,  a  mining-oamp  of  Owyhee  oo., 
Idaho,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Silver  City.  Here  are  mines 
of  silver  ^argentiferous  galena). 


South  Mountain,  a  post- village  in  Dnndas  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Petite  Nation  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Iroquois, 
It  has  good  water-power,  and  several  mills  and  stores. 

South  Mountain  Junction,  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
is  at  the  junction  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  and  South 
Mountain  Railroads,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

South  Mount  For'est,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  111. 

South  Mud'dy,  township,  Jasper  co.,  111.     Pop.  584. 

South  Mur'derkill,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 
Pop.  4382. 

South  Na'tick,  a  post- village  in  Natick  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  museum  of 
natural  history,  Ac,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 

South  New  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  in  New  Berlin 
township,  Chenango  co,,  N,Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River  and 
the  New  Berlin  Branch  of  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cheese,  lumber,  Ac, 

South  New'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co,.  Me., 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  cheese-factory 
and  2  stores. 

South  Newbury,  new'b?r-e,  a  post-hamlet  in  New- 
bury township,  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Concord,  and  3  miles  from  Bradford  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  settees. 

South  Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township, 
Geauga  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland. 

South  Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township, 
Orange  co.,  Vt.,  near  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Wells  River  Station.  It 
has  a  chair-factory  and  a  grist-mill. 

South  New  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.. 
Me.,  on  Sheepsoott  River,  and  on  the  Knox  A  Lincoln  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  E.  of  Wiscasset. 

South  New  Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 

South  New  Lyme,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co., 
0.,  4  miles  E.  of  New  Lyme  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

South  New  Mar'ket,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H,,  in  South  New  Market  township,  on  the  Exeter 
River  and  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.E 
of  Exeter,  and  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  foun- 
dry and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  808. 

South  New  Market  Junction,  a  post-office  and 
important  station  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston 
A  Maine  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Concord  A  Ports- 
mouth Railroad,  56  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Portsmouth.     Here  are  3  stores  and  a  hotel. 

South  New'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mcintosh  oo.,  Ga., 
19  miles  S.  of  Mcintosh  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

South  New'stead,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Norfolk,  ndr'fSk,  a  post-hamlet  in  Norfolk 
township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford. 

South  Norridgewock,  n5r'rij-w6k,  a  post-village  of 
Somerset  co..  Me.,  on  the  Somerset  Railroad,  and  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  opposite  Norridgewock.  It 
has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  2  churches. 

South  North'field,  a  post-office  of  Cook  oo.,  III.,  17) 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

South  Northfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
Vt.,  in  Northfield  township,  2  miles  from  Northfield  Station. 
It  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  chairs,  sash,  Ac. 

South  Norwalk,  nfir'wSk,  a  city  of  Fairfield  co., 
Conn.,  near  Long  Island  Sound,  on  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  New  York, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  about  2  miles  S.  of 
Norwalk.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
the  South  Norwalk  Military  Institute,  4  ohuronee,  a  plan- 
ing-mill,  a  ship-yard,  the  Norwalk  Iron-Works,  and  exten- 
sive manufactories  of  felt  hats,  looks,  shoes,  paper  boxes, 
Ac.  The  trains  of  the  railroad  here  cross  the  Norwalk 
River  on  a  bridge.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and 
New  York.     Pop.  about  4000. 

South  Oak,  Hickman  co.,  Ky.    See  Clinton  Station. 

South  Oil  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  oo,.  Pa., 
is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  opposite  Oil  City,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  several  bridges,  and  of  which  it  forms 
the  4th,  5th,  and  Sth  wards.  It  is  ooonpied  mainly  by 
residences. 

South'old,  a  post- village  in  Southold  township,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  90  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
New  York,  6  miles  W.  by  8.  of  Qreenport,  and  about  1  mile 
from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy, 
an  insurance  company,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  fish  oil.     Pop.  1221.     The 


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township  is  a  narrow  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Bound,  and  on  the  S.  by  Peconic  and  Gardiner's  Bays.  It 
contains  villages  named  Greenport,  Cutchogue,  and  Orient. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  7267;  in  1890,  7705. 

South  Ol'ive,  a  post-hamlet  in  Olive  township,  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad, 
29  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church,  oil-wells,  and  a 
manufactory  of  salt. 

South  Onondaga,  on-on-daw'ga,  a  post-village  of 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Onondaga  township,  about  10  miles 
S.  by  AV.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  242. 

South  Orange,  or'inj,  a  post-village  in  South  Orange 
township,  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad, 
5  miles  W.  of  Newark,  15  miles  W.  of  New  York,  and  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Orange.  It  contains,  besides  many  fine  resi- 
dences, the  Seton  Hall  College  (Catholic),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1856  and  has  a  library  of  8000  volumes;  also  4 
churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  manufac- 
tories of  hats  and  gelatin.     Pop.  in  1890,  3106. 

South  Orkney.     See  Powell's  Qrodp. 

South  Orleans,  or'le-anz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  on  or  near  the  ocean,  2  miles  from  Orleans 
Station,  and  about  56  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford. 

South  Or'rington,  a  post-village  in  Orrington  town- 
ship, Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Penobscot 
River,  and  on  the  Bangor  <k  Bucksport  Railroad,  8  miles 
below  Bangor.   It  has  a  church,  a  ship-yard,  and  saw -mills. 

South  Osborn,  oz'bprn,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Outagamie 
CO.,  Wis. 

South  Ot'selic,  a  post-village  in  Otselic  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Otselic  Creek,  about  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  fish- 
lines,  (fee. 

South  Ottawa,  ot't%-wa,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co., 
111.     Pop.  in  1890,  1729. 

Sontn  Ottawa,  a  station  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
A  Quincy  Railroad,  on  the  Illinois  River,  i  mile  S.  of  Ot- 
tawa, 111. 

South  Ottawa,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  44. 

South  Owe'go,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Binghamton. 

South  Ox'ford,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Chenango  River,  at  Coventry  Station  (which  see). 

South  Oys'ter  Bay,  a  station  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  30 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     Here  are  2  hotels. 

South  Ozark,  Franklin  co..  Ark.    See  Webb  Citt. 

South  Par'is,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township,  Oxford 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Little  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  47  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  2^  miles  S. 
of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, a  foundry,  1  or  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  the 
Oxford  Normal  Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  1164. 

South  Park,  Colorado,  is  near  the  middle  of  the  state, 
and  is  immediately  S.  of  the  Middle  Park.  It  is  a  fertile 
valley-basin  or  table-land  surrounded  by  high  mountains. 
It  is  irrigated  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  and 
by  Tarryall  Creek.  It  is  about  45  miles  long.  Area,  about 
1200  square  miles.  It  has  a  serene  and  delightful  climate, 
and  is  diversified  with  grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  Gold 
and  silver  are  found  in  it ;  also  triassic  sandstone.  There 
is  not  much  timber  in  this  Park,  but  good  timber  abounds 
on  the  mountains  that  surround  it. 

South  Park,  a  post-office  of  Park  co..  Col. 

South  Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me., 
about  38  miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Pass,  Wyoming.    See  Rocky  Mountains. 

South  Pass  City,  a  post-village  of  Sweetwater  co., 
Wyoming,  near  the  Sweetwater  River  and  the  E.  base  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  7857  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Gold-mines  have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  460. 

South  Peabody,  pee'b9d-e,  a  post- village  in  Peabody 
township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  i  mile  from  Newhall's  Crossing, 
which  is  4  miles  W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  shoe-factory,  and  a  granite-quarry.     P.  895. 

South  Peacham,  peech'^m,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peacham 
township,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Montpelier.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  starch-factory. 

South  Pen'dleton,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,' 
is  a  branch  of  the  Cincinnati  post-office,  at  or  near  Pen- 
dleton Station,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

South  Penob'scot,  a  post-office ,of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  an  inlet  which  opens  into  Penobscot  Bay,  about  17  miles 
E.  of  Belfast.     Here  is  a  church. 

South  Per'ry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township.  Hock- 
tug  CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     Pop.  136. 


South  Pitts'burg,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  oppo- 
site Pittsburg  proper,  to  which,  in  common  with  several 
other  boroughs,  it  was  annexed  in  1872,  and  now  forms  an 
important  section.  Bridges  across  the  Monongahela  con- 
nect the  two  parts  of  the  city.  Here  are  large  manufac- 
tories of  iron,  glass,  &o. 

South  Pittsburg,  called  also  Battle  Creek  Mines, 
a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River 
and  the  Sequatchie  Branch  Railroad,  about  30  miles  W. 
of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  &o.  Iron  ore,  coal,  and  fire-clay 
are  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1479. 

South  Plain'field,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  6^  miles  E.  of  Bound  Brook. 

South  Platte,  plat,  a  station  of  the  Denver,  South 
Park  &  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  South  Platte  River,  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Denver,  Col. 

South  Platte  River*  See  Sotjth  Fork  of  the 
Platte. 

South  Platts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  New  York  <fc  Canada 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  starch. 

South  Plymouth,  plim'iith,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  sea-coast,  6  or  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Plymouth.     It  has  a  church  and  2  summer  hotels. 

South  Plymouth,  or  Frink'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Nor- 
wich.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

South  Plymouth,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.,  about 
44  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

South  Point,  a  post-yillage  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  52 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 

South  Point,  a  post-township  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  is 
traversed  by  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad. 
Pop.  3638.     It  has  stations  named  Gastonia  and  Garibaldi. 

South  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  9  miles  from  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  and  about 
12  miles  above  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

South  Po'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poland  township, 
Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Lewiston  Junction. 
It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  hotels. 

South  Pom'iret,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
3  miles  N.  of  Woodstock,  and  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South'port,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Ribble  in  the  Irish  Sea,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Preston.  It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  a  pier  a 
mile  long,  and  many  fine  buildings.     Pop.  (1891)  41,406. 

South'port,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  6i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Bridgeport,  and  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  South  Norwalk.  It 
contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a 
graded  school,  the  Seaside  Seminary,  and  a  manufactory  of 
paper-ware. 

Sonthport,  a  hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  III.,  1^  miles  from 
Oak  Hill  Station. 

Southport,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Marion 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jefifersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Southport,  a  small  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  i  mil* 
S.  of  Spencer. 

Southport,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southport  township,  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  island,  and  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
12  miles  S.  of  Wiscasset,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Batb. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  684. 

Southport,  a  post-township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Chemung  River,  which  separates  it 
from  Elmira.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Railroad  and 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  woollen- 
factory,  several  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  3619. 
Southport  Station  on  the  Erie  Railroad  is  1  mile  S.  of 
Elmira.    Southport  Post-Office  is  2  or  3  miles  from  Elmira. 

Southport,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Brunswick 
CO.,  N.C.,  is  situated  on  the  sea-coast  in  Smithville  town- 
ship, at  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River,  30  miles  S.  of 
Wilmington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
several  stores,  &o.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Southport,  a  seaport  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  on 
Hillsborough  Bay,  immediately  opposite  Charlottetown. 

South  Ports'mouth,  a  post- village  of  Newport  co., 
R.I.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Newport.     It  has  2  churches. 


sou 


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SOU 


South  Prairie,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex. 

South  Presque  Isle,  prfisk^eel',  a  post-office  of 
Aroostook  co.,  Me. 

South  Pueblo,  pwjb'lo,  a  post-village  and  station  of 
Pueblo  00.,  Col.,  on  flie  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Pueblo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  soap,  sash,  and  blinds. 

South  Pultney,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    See  Bluffport. 

South  Quay,  kg,  a  post-office  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

South  Que^bec',  a  post-town  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Levis, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  from  Quebec. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  important  stations  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  possesses  a  fine  harbor,  has  an  extensive  lumber- 
and  shipping-trade,  and  is  the  port  of  arrival  and  depart- 
ure of  the  ocean  steamers.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  town  of 
Levis.     It  has  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  3000. 

South  Raub,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.     See  Raub's. 

South  Reading,  Massachusetts.    See  Wakefield. 

South  Reading,  red'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor 
CO.,  A''t.,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Reel'foot,  a  post-office  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn. 

South  Richland,  New  York.    See  Holmesville. 

South  Ridge,  rij,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

South  Ri'Iey,  a  post-office  of  McHenry  co.,  III.,  about 
56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

South  Riley,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

South  Riv'er,  Iowa,  drains  part  of  Madison  co.,  runs 
northeastward  through  Warren  co.,  and  enters  Des  Moines 
River  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines  City. 

South  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direc- 
tion, and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Cumber- 
land and  Bladen  on  the  right  and  Sampson  and  New  Han- 
over on  the  left.  It  enters  the  Cape  Fear  River  about  10 
miles  above  Wilmington. 

South  River,  Virginia,  a  small  branch  of  the  Shen- 
andoah River,  rises  in  Augusta  co.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  di- 
rection, and  unites  with  the  other  branch  at  Port  Republic. 

South  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

South  River,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  Mo.    Pop.  728. 

South  River,  or  Washington,  a  post-village  of 
Middlesex  co.,  N. J.,  in  East  Brunswick  township,  on  South 
River,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  4  churches 
and  several  brick-yards. 

South  River,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  South  Yadkin  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a 
tobacco-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  River,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va. 

South  River  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  an  altitude 
of  13,160  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

South  River  Side,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co., 
Tex.,  22  miles  from  Cuero.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Rob'binston,  a  post-village  in  Robbinston 
township,  Washington  co..  Me.,  on  Passamaquoddy  Bay, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Calais,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Andrews  (New  Brunswick). 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Rock'wood,  a  post-village  in  Berlintownship, 
Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  Huron  River,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Monroe,  and  i  mile  from  Rockwood.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  stave-factory. 

South  Rome,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  suburb  of  Rome,  at 
Rome  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Rondout,  rSn'dSwt,  a  village  of  Esopus  town- 
ship, Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Rondout.  It  has  a  brew- 
ery and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  405. 

South  Roy'alston,  a  post-village  in  Royalston  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River  and  the  Ver- 
mont &  Massachusetts  Railroad  (Royalston  Station),  27  miles 
W.  of  Fitchburg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory,  Ao. 

South  Roy'alton,  a  hamlet  in  Royalton  township, 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Gasport.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Royalton,  a  post-village  in  Royalton  township, 
Windsor  oo.,  Vt.,  on  White  River  and  the  Vermont  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  44  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.   It  has  2  churches. 

South  Rush'ford,  a  hamlet  in  Rushford  township, 
Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on  Root  River,  opposite  Rushford.  It 
has  2  flouring-mills. 

South  Rutland,  Jefferson  oo., N.Y.   See  Ttlerville. 

South  Rye  gate,  ri'gate,  a  post- village  in  Ryegate 
township,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  Wells  River  and  the  Mont- 
pelier &  Wells  River  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mont- 
pelier. It  has  2  churches,  and  shops  for  working  granite, 
which  is  quarried  near  the  village. 

South  Sag'inaw,  a  former  post-village  of  Saginaw 
CO..  Mich.,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Cass  and  Flint  Rivers, 


but  forming  since  1890  part  of  the  city  of  Saginaw.  South 
Saginaw  Post-Office  is  a  branch  and  station  of  the  general 
post-office  of  Saginaw  West  Side. 

South  Saint  George,  a  village  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.     Pop.  111. 

South  Saint  George,  a  post-village  in  St.  Georgo 
township,  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rockland.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Saint  Paul,  a  city  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  finely 
situated  on  the  bluffs  overlooking  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
a  railway  junction  about  5  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  4 
church  societies,  a  bank,  extensive  stock-yards,  a  distillery, 
3  meat-packing  houses  (employing  about  1000  hands), 
railroad  shops,  and  2  daily  industrial  papers.  Pop.  about 
5000. 

South  Sa'lem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Salem,  a  post-village  in  Buckskin  township, 
Ross  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  contains  the  Salem  Academy  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

South  Salem,  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  is  1  mile  from 
Salem,  and  is  a  suburb  of  that  town. 

South  San'disfield,  a  post-office  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

South  Sand  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Troy. 

South  Sand'wich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  about  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New 
Bedford.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  a  fine  lake  having  an 
area  of  700  acres. 

South  San'ford,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me.,  about 
33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland. 

South  Schodack,8ho-dak',  a  post-hamlet  in  Schodack 
township,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 

South  Schroon,  skroon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Schroon  Lake,  about  30  miles 
N.AV.  of  Whitehall.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Scituate,  sit'u-&t,  a  post- village  in  South  Scit- 
uate  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  about  24  miles  S.E. 
of  Boston,  it  has  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1818. 

South  Scituate,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scituate  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Providence. 

South  Scri'ba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Oswego  City.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

South  Sea'brook,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  2  miles  from  Seabrook.     Pop.  700. 

South  Seaville,  see'vll,  a  post-village  in  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  Seaville  Station  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Millville.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Se^bec',  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
in  Sebec  township,  2  miles  N.  of  Sebec  Station  of  the  Ban- 
gor A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  and  46  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ban- 
gor.    It  has  a  church. 

South  See'konk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Providence. 

South  Shaftsbury,  shafts'b§r-e,  a  post-village  in 
Shaftsbury  township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Harlem 
Extension  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bennington.  It  ha» 
some  manufactures. 

South  Shenango,  she-nS,ng'go,  a  township  of  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1042. 

South  Shet'land,  or  New  South  Shetland,  an 
archipelago  situated  in  the  South  Atlantic,  600  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Horn,  between  lat.  60°  32'  and  67°  15'  S.  and  Ion. 
44°  53'  and  68°  15'  W.  As  far  as  is  known,  these  islands 
are  wholly  destitute  of  vegetation,  except  a  species  of  moss 
found  upon  the  rocks  near  the  shore.  The  remote  moun- 
tainous regions  are  covered  with  perpetual  ice  and  snow. 
Principal  islands,  Adelaide,  Bridgeman,  Smith  Island  (so 
called  from  its  first  discoverer).  Saddle  Island,  Coronation 
or  Mainland  (the  largest  of  the  group),  Deception  Island, 
Livingston,  King  George's,  and  Elephant  Islands.  The 
South  Shetlands  were  first  discovered  by  Captain  William 
Smith,  in  1819,  and  have  been  frequented  by  whalers. 

South  Shrewsbury,  shrooz'b^r-e,  a  hamlet  in  Shrews- 
bury township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass. 

South  Side,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas. 
South  Side,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.     P.  166 
South  Side,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 
South  Side,  a  station  in  York  co.,  la.,  on  the   Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  29  miles  S.E.  of  York 

South  Smith'field,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,Me., 
20  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

South    So'dus,   a  post-hamlet    in    Sodus  townsfaip; 


sou 


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Waj'ne  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Alton  Station,  and  about  33 
miles  E.  of  Rochester.     It  hjis  a  church. 

South  So'lon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Solon  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  Me.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  North  Anson  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Sonth  Solon,  a  post- village  in  Stokes  township,  Madi- 
son CO.,  0.,  on  the  Springfield,  Jackson  A  Pomeroy  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  Ac. 

South  Somerset,  stim'^r-set,  a  post-office  of  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffalo, 

South  Somerville,  sfim'§r-vil,  a  station  in  Somerset 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Bound  Brook. 

South  Spaf  ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  SpafFord  township,  5  miles  N,W.  of  Preble.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Starks'borough,  a  post-office  of  Addison  co., 
Vt.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Vergennes. 

South  Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
toy-factory,  &c. 

South  Stet'son,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

South  Still 'water,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  on  St.  Croix  Lake,  2i  miles  S.  of  Stillwater.  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  1804. 

South  Stock'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Tees,  opposite  Stockton-on-Tees,  to 
which  a  bridge  extends.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  6764. 

South  Stock'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stockton  town- 
ship, Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jamestown. 

South  Stod'dard,  a  post-office  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Keene. 

South  Stowe,  8t5,  a  hamlet  in  Stowe  township,  La- 
moille 00.,  Vt.,  18  miles  N.E.  by  N.  of  Montpelier. 

South  Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  post-township  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg,  It  is 
traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1602  ;  in  1890,  3079. 

South  Strafford,  a  post-village  in  Strafford  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  6  miles  N.N.E,  of  Sharon  Station,  and 
35  miles  E,N,E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

South  Stukelf,  stak'le,  or  Stukely,  a  post-village 
in  Shefi"ord  oo.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  Waterloo.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.  Rich 
copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  150. 

South  Sud'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sudbury  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Framingham  &  Lowell  Rail- 
road, 22  miles  S.  of  Lowell.  It  has  a  public  library  and  an 
academy. 

South  Sul'phnr,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  oo.,  Tex. 

South  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Bachman's  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hanover. 

South  Sun'apee,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.H., 
jn  Sunapee  Lake,  about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord. 

South  Sur'ry,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Union  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Ellsworth. 

South  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Tam'worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  inlet  of  Ossipee  Lake,  about  27  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Laconia.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Tar  River,  township,  Yancey  oo.,  N.C.    P.  344. 

South  Thomaston,  tSm'as-t9n,  a  post-village  in 
South  Thomaston  township,  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast, 
4  miles  S.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  church  and  quarries  of 
granite.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Penobscot 
Bay.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1771:  in  1890,  1534. 

South  Thompson,  t6mp's9n,  a  post-hiamlet  of  G-eauga 
CO.,  0.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Painesville. 

South  Toe,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

South  Toledo,  Lucas  co.,  0.     See  Matjmee  City. 

South- Town,  a  town  and  suburb  of  Great  Yarmouth, 
England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  Yare,  at  the  S.W.  side  of 
the  town.     Pop.  2251. 

South  Tren'ton,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, on  the  Delaware  River,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Trenton,  N.J. 

South  Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  cheese, 
and  butter-tubs.     Pop.  206. 

South    Tronpsburg,  troops'bQrg,  a  post-hamlet  of 


Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corning.  It 
has  2  stores  and  a  wagon -shop. 

South  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Zumbro  Falls. 

South  Tru'ro,  a  post-hamlet  in  Truro  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  about  32  miles  by 
water  E.  of  Plymouth,  and  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  109 
miles  S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

Sonth  Tunbridge,  tiin'brij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  2J  miles  from  South  Royalton  Station,  and  about 
32  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Tun'nel,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenr., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  33  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sonth  Tur'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Turner  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  Granite 
is  quarried  here. 

South  Tyringham,  Massachusetts.    See  Monterey. 

South  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  Here  is  a  society  of  Shakers,  wh» 
have  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  263. 

Sonth  Union,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Knox 
CO.,  Me.,  7  miles  N.  of  Warren  Station.  It  has  an  organ- 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

South  Union,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.    P.  1177. 

Sonth'vale,  post-office,  Lewis  and  Clarke  co.,  Montana. 

South  Vallejo,  California,  is  a  part  of  Vallejo. 

South  Val'ley,  a  hamlet  in  Sonth  Valley  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.  of  Steamburg.  It  ha«  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  872. 

South  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roseboom  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has 
2  churches. 

South  Vassalborough,  vas'sal-bur-rGh,  a  post-office 
of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 

Sonth  Yernon,  New  Jersey.    See  McAfee's  Valley. 

South  Ver'non,  a  village,  partly  in  Vernon  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  and  partly  in  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  10  miles  below  Brattleborough,  and 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Greenfield.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with 
the  Vermont  Central  Railroad  and  the  Ashuelot  Railroad. 
Post-office,  West  Northfield,  Mass. 

South  Versailles,  v^r-salz',  a  township  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2194. 

South'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonic  River,  30  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
has  a  church. 

Southville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  about 
34  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Louisville. 

Southville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  South- 
borough  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  16 
miles  E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes.     P.  360. 

Southville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  6  miles  E.  of  Potsdam.     It  has  about  12  houses. 

South  Vine'land,  a  post-village  in  Landis  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.  of  Vineland.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  ot 
carriages,  ropes,  Ac. 

South  Walden,  wfil'd^n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walden 
township,  Caledonia  oo.,  Vt.,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

Sontn  Waldoborough,  w61'do-bur-riih,  a  post-office 
of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  is  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean  called  Me- 
domak  River,  about  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rockland.  Here 
are  2  churches. 

South  Wales,  walz,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  BuflFalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at 
Wales  Station,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Wailingford,  wfil'ling-fjrd,  a  post-village  in 
Wallingford  township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  and 
on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  marble-quarries. 

South  Walpole,  wfil'pol,  a  post-village  in  Walpole 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston, 
Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  church,  2  cotton-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  Cardigan  jackets. 

South  Wards'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Wareham,  wair'am,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston. 

Sonth^vark,   silTH'^rk.    a  parliamentary  borough    o< 


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England,  oo.  of  Surrey,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Thames,  im- 
mediately opposite  the  city  of  London,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  several  bridges.  Pop.  208,725.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
commercial  quarters  of  the  metropolis.  The  principal  edi- 
fices are  the  churches  of  St.  Saviour  and  St.  George-in-the 
Fields,  Guy's  and  St.  Thomas's  Hospitals,  the  Magdalen 
Asylum,  Queen's  Bench  Prison,  Surrey  Theatre,  and  Barclay 
<k  Co.'s  immense  brewery.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Soathwark,  85wth'w%rk,  a  former  district  of  Phila- 
delphia CO.,  bounded  by  the  Delaware  River  on  the  E.  and 
the  district  of  Moyamensing  on  the  W.,  and  lying  imme- 
diately S.  of  the  old  city  proper.  It  is  now  included  within 
the  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

Sonth  War'ren,  a  post-oflSce  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Knox  <fc  Lincoln  Railroad,  IJ  miles  W.  of  Thomaston. 

South  Warren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Warren  township,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  War'saw,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  from  W.arsaw. 

South  Warsaw,  a  post-offioe  of  Allen  oo.,  0. 

South  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  of  Pender  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Northeast  Branch  of  the  Cape  Fear  River, 
and  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of 
Wilmington. 

South  Waterborongh,  wi't^r-bfir-rtth,  a  station  in 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Alfred. 

South  Waterford,  wl't^r-fgrd,  a  post-village  of  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  in  Waterford  township,  about  46  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  oard- 
ing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sonth  Weare,  ware,  a  post-hamlet  in  Weare  town- 
ship, Hillsborough  oo.,  N.H.,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord. 

Sonth'well,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Nottingham.  It  has  remains  of  a  palace,  a  noble  cathe- 
dral, bridewell,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and  manufactures 
of  silks,  stockings,  and  lace.  Pop.  2400.  In  1879  it  became 
a  bishop's  see. 

South  Well 'fleet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wellfleet  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Cape 
Cod  division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  103  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Boston.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1291. 

Sonth  West,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  111.     P.  325. 

South  West,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Goshen. 

Southwest,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.     Pop.  677. 

South  West  Bend,  Maine.    See  Durham. 

Sonth  West  Branch,  Ohio,  an  affluent  of  the  Miami 
River,  rises  in  Darke  co,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  inter- 
Beots  Miami  co.,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  nearly  2  miles 
above  Dayton.  It  is  about  100  miles  long,  including  one 
branch.  It  is  formed  by  Greenville  and  Stillwater  Creeks, 
which  unite  at  Covington. 

Sonth  West  City,  a  post-village  of  McDonald  oo.. 
Mo.,  26  miles  S.  of  Seneca  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
ehuroh,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  dry-goods  stores.    P.  about  250. 

South  West'erlo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westerlo  town- 
ihip,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  147. 

Sonth  West  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  about  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  situated  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  has  2  churches,  10  hotels  and  boarding-houses, 
a  lobster-canning  factory,  and  a  savings-bank.  Steamboats 
ply  between  this  place  and  Portland. 

South- West  Keys.    See  Albuquerque  Islands. 

South  Westmeath,  Ontario.    See  Beachburg. 

South  West'minster,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a 
chair-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

South  West'on,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township, 
Aroostook  co..  Me.,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Grand  Lake,  and  33 
miles  S.  of  Houlton. 

South  West  Oswe'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sonth  West  Pass,  a  village  of  Plaquemines  parish, 
La.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River,  112  miles  below 
New  Orleans.     It  is  the  residence  of  the  Balize  pilots. 

South  West'port,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westport  town- 
Bhip,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Westport  River,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  New  Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Wethersfield,  wSra'^rz-feeld,  a  post-office  of 
Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  6  miles  S. 
•f  Hartford. 


Sonth  Weymouth,  wa'mflth,  a  post-village  in  Wey- 
mouth township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad  (Plymouth  Branch),  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and 
several  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes. 

South  Whee'lock,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

South  White'hall,  a  post-township  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  and  is  contiguou* 
to  AUentown.     Pop.  2748.     It  contains  Cedarville. 

Sonth  Whit'ley,  a  post-village  in  Cleveland  township, 
Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel  River  and  the  Eel  River  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  400. 

South'wick,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  a 
suburb  of  Sunderland.  The  popnlation  are  employed  in 
manufactures  of  glass-ware  and  earthenware,  and  in  ship- 
building.    Pop.  5937. 

South'wick,  a  post-village  in  Southwick  township, 
Hampden  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
Railroad,  21^  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Northampton,  and  about 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
powder-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1114. 

South  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts.    See  Hampden. 

South  Wilkesbarre,  wilks'bir-re,  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Wilkesbarre,  and  is  on  the  Susque- 
hanna River  and  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  locomotives,  stationary  en- 
gines, and  mining  machinery.  South  Wilkesbarre  Station 
of  the  Lackawanna  <fc  Bloomsburg  Railroad  is  4  miles  S.W 
of  Kingston. 

Sonth  Williamstown,wiryamz-t5wn,  a  post-village 
in  Williamstown  township,  Berskshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  the  Greylock 
Institute. 

South  Wil'lington,  a  station  in  Tolland  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Willimantic. 

South  Wil'son,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y , 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Buffalo. 

South  Wil'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilton  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad, 
at  Kent  Station,  6  miles  N.  of  South  Norwalk.  It  has  a 
church. 

South  Windham,  wind'am,  a  post-village  in  Wind- 
ham township,  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Shetueket 
River,  and  on  the  New  York  <k  New  England  and  New 
London  Northern  Railroads,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich, 
and  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Willimantic. 

South  Windham,  a  post-village  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  Presumpscot  River,  and  on 
the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  powder-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  pulp-board. 

Sonth  Windham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Bennington.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  post-village  in  South 
Windsor  township,  Hartford  oo..  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut 
Central  Railroad  and  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
5  miles  above  Hartford.  It  has  a  paper-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1880,  1902;  in  1890,  1736. 

South  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windsor  township, 
Kennebec  co..  Me.,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

Sonth  Winn,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  European  4 
North  American  Railroad,  50i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 

Sonth  Woburn,  Massachusetts.    See  Winchester. 

Sonth'wold,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on 
the  North  Sea,  between  the  river  Blythe  and  Buss  Creek. 
The  principal  buildings  are  the  guild  hall,  new  jail,  a  hand- 
some church,  and  some  batteries.  The  town  has  an  import 
trade  in  coal,  and  a  herring-fishery.     Pop.  2155. 

South  Wolfborongh,  w551f  bfir-rfih,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Winnepesaukee 
Lake,  2  miles  S.  of  Wolf  borough,  and  16  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Laoonia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  blanket-factory. 

Sonth'wood,  a  station  of  the  Delaware  Western  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  is  on  the  line 
between  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania. 

South  Woodbury,  wood'bfr-e,  a  hamlet  of  Morrow 
CO.,  0.,  in  Peru  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Ashley  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

South  Woodbury,  township,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  P.  1429. 

Sonth  Woodbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodbury  town- 
ship, Washington  oo.,  Vt.,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mont- 
pelier.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
sash-  and  blind-factory. 


sou 


2512 


SPA 


Sonth  Wood'stock,  a  post- village  in  Woodstock  town- 
thip,  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford, 
and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Putnam.  It  has  water-power,  a  ehurch, 
a  twine-factory,  several  mills,  and  an  agricultural  hall. 

South  Woodstock,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Oxford  co,.  Me,, 
about  26  miles  N,W,  of  Lewiston, 

South  Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodstock  town- 
ship, Windsor  co,,  Vt.,  5  miles  S,  of  Woodstock,  It  con- 
tains the  Perkins  Green  Mountain  Institute  and  a  church. 

South  Worcester,  wSos't^r,  a  post-village  in  Worces- 
ter township,  Otsego  co,,  N.Y,,  on  the  Charlotte  River,  16 
miles  S,S,E,  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Worthington,  wiir'THing-tpn,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hampshire  co,,  Mass.,  25  miles  N.W,  of  Springfield, 

South  Wright,  rite,  a  hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich,, 

9  miles  N.W.  of  Fayette,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 
Sonth  Yad'kin  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  east- 
ward through  Iredell  co.,  and  enters  the  Tadkin  River  about 

10  miles  N.  of  Salisbury. 

Sonth  Yarmouth,  yar'miith,  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth township,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  small  inlet  of 
the  sea,  and  on  the  Cape  Cod  division  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  79  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-bank, 
a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  calcined 
ma.gne8ia  and  carbonate  of  magnesia. 

South  Vuba  River,  California.     See  Deer  Creek. 

South  Zanesville,  zanz'vil,  or  Natch'ez,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Zanesville,  and  is  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Licking  River.  It  forms  the  7th  ward 
of  the  city.  It  contains  a  high  school,  2  flouring-mills, 
and  some  machine-shops  of  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio  Railroad. 

South  Zor'ra,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  1 50. 

Sontouko,  a  village  of  Africa.     See  Sootooko. 

Souvarov  Isles,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Taqai  Islss. 

Souvigny,  sooVeen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1581. 

Souvret,  sooVri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  21 
miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1510. 

Souza,  soo'zS,  or  s8'z8,,  a  river  of  Portugal,  in  Minho, 
Joins  the  Douro  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oporto,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  20  miles. 

Souza,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Aveiro.     Pop.  3710. 

Souzdal,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Soozdal. 

Souzel,  soo-zfil'  or  sft-zSl',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Estremoz.     Pop.  2000. 

So'va,  a  post-oflBce  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich. 

Sovel,  soVfil',  an  island  about  10  miles  off  the  E.  coast 
of  Anam.     Lat.  18°  8'  N.  ;  Ion.  106°  24'  E. 

Sovicille,  so-ve-cheel'li  or  Snicille,  soo-e-cheel'li, 
a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  from  Siena,  on  a  slope  above 
the  Spino.     Pop.  of  commune,  7115. 

Sowaijba,  a  group  of  islands.     See  Eight  Brothers. 

Sowell,  so'§l,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Sowell's  (so'^lz)  Mill,  post-office,  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Sow'erby,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  about  2 
miles  S.  of  Thirsk.     Pop.  6079. 

So  werby  Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  4  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  7041. 

Sowhatch'ee  Creek,  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into 
the  Chattahoochee  River. 

Soy'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax,  with  cotton  and  woollen  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  3264. 

Sozh,  Soj,  or  Soje,  sozh,  written  also  Soz  and 
Ssosh,  a  navigable  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Smolensk,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Dnieper  on 
the  left,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chernigov.    Length,  240  miles. 

Spa,  spaw  (Fr.  and  Flem.  pron.  spi),  a  town  and  water- 
ing-place of  Belgium,  near  the  frontier  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
province  and  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liege.  It  is  greatly 
frequented,  and  is  noted  for  its  wooden-wares  and  trinkets. 
Pop.  5881.  Over  its  principal  spring,  the  Pouhon,  Peter 
the  Great  built  the  pump-room.  Many  other  springs  exist 
in  the  vicinity,  which  were  formerly  so  much  frequented 
that  Spa  became  a  common  name  for  mineral  baths, 

Spaccaforno,  sp&k-ki-foR'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11 
miles  S,W,  of  Noto,  near  the  S,  coast.  Pop.  8006.  It  has 
many  churches  and  convents,  but  has  little  trade. 

Spade's  (spadz)  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad, 
47i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Spadra,  spad'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co..  Ark,, 
on  the  N,  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little 
Rook  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  106  miles  W.N.W,  of  Little 
Rook,  and  4  miles  W,  of  Clarksville. 


Spadra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cai..  on  a 
branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of 
Los  Angeles.     It  has  a  church. 

Spaffbrd,  spaf'fprd,  a  post-hamlet  in  Spaflfbrd  township, 
Onondaga  co., N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.by  W.of  Sjracuse,  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S,W.  by 
Skaneateles  Lake,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1488. 

Spafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  about 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Spahawn,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Ispahan. 

Spaichingen,  spi'King-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  22 
miles  W.  of  Sigmaringen.     Pop.  1917. 

Spain  (Sp.  EapafLa,  Ss-pin'yS,;  L.  Hispan'ia  and  Ibe- 
ria; Gr.  'Icnrai'ta  or  'iprjpia ;  Fr.  Espagne,  Ss'pin' ;  It.  /»- 
pagna,  e-sp&n'yi,  or  Spagna,  spin'yi ;  Port,  Hespanha, 
h5s-p4n'yi;  Ger.  Spanien,  spS,n'e-§n :  Dutch,  Spanjen, 
spin'y^n),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.W.  of  Europe,  forming  the 
far  greater  part  of  the  Spanish  Peninsula,  and  including 
the  Balearic  and  the  Canary  Islands.  Exclusive  of  these 
islands,  it  lies  between  lat.  36°  and  43°  48'  N.,  Ion.  9°  16' 
W.  and  3*  20'  E. ;  connected  with  the  continent  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  chain  of  the  Pyrenees,  separating  it  from  France, 
and  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  W.  by 
Portugal  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  N.W.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay.  Capital,  Madrid.  Measured  due  N.  and  S.  and 
due  E.  and  W.,  the  greatest  length  is  on  the  meridian 
of  5°  45'  W.,  from  Cape  Peiias  to  Tarifa,  540  miles ;  and 
the  greatest  breadth  on  the  parallel  of  42°  20',  from  Cape 
Creux  to  Cape  Hombre,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Vigo  Bay,  620 
miles.  The  surface  of  the  peninsula  is  more  diversified 
than  that  of  any  other  country  of  equal  extent  in  Europe; 
its  interior  forms  a  vast  elevated  table-land,  which  in  the 
plateau  of  Castile  has  a  mean  elevation  of  2300  feet.  Thia 
plateau  occupies  almost  one-half  of  the  superficies,  and  ia 
nearly  surrounded  by  mountains.  The  country  is  traversed 
from  E.  to  W.  by  five  principal  chains  of  mountains,  called 
in  Spanish  Sierras.  These  are  (from  N.  to  S.) — I.  The 
Pyrenees,  extending  from  Cape  Creux  on  the  E.  to  the  Bay 
of  Biscay  on  the  W.,  culminating  point  Pic  Nethou,  11,168 
feet ;  and  their  W.  continuation,  the  Asturian  and  Canta- 
brian  Mountains,  some  of  which  rise  to  10,000  feet.  II. 
The  chain  which  separates  the  basins  of  the  Douro  and  Tagus, 
the  Sierras  Guadarama,  de  Grades,  and  de  Gata.  Highest 
point  in  the  Sierra  de  Grades,  10,500  feet.  III.  The  moun- 
tains of  Toledo,  Sierra  de  Guadalupe,  and  Sierra  Mames,  be- 
tween the  Tagus  and  Guadiana.  IV.  The  Sierra  Morena, 
separating  the  basins  of  the  Guadiana  and  Guadalquivir, 
and  connected  westward  with  the  Serra  Monchique  in  Por- 
tugal. V.  The  Sierra  Nevada,  extending  from  Cartagena  to 
Cadiz,  contains  Mulahacen,  the  highest  point  of  the  penin- 
sula, 11,658  feet,  and  the  Pic  de  Veleta,  11,387  feet. 

Spain  is  rich  in  minerals,  especially  iron,  copper,  and 
lead.  The  gold-  and  silver-mines  of  the  time  of  the  Ro- 
mans have  been  abandoned,  but  mercury  is  abundant  in  the 
mines  of  Almaden.  Leads  forms  an  important  branch  of 
mining  industry.  Coal  is  found  chiefly  in  the  Asturias,  the 
richest  coal-field  occurring  on  the  E.  of  the  mountains 
overlying  the  Devonian  strata ;  copper,  tin,  zinc,  antimony, 
arsenic,  and  cobalt  are  common,  and  rock  salt  is  abundant 
in  the  hills  of  Cardona.  The  principal  rivers  of  Spain  are, 
from  N.  to  S.,  the  Ter,  Llobregat,  Ebro,  Guadalaviar, 
Jucar,  and  Segura,  flowing  E.  to  the  Mediterranean,  and  the 
Minho,  Douro,  Tagus,  Guadiana,  and  Guadalquivir,  flowing 
mostly  through  Portugal  W.  and  S.  to  the  Atlantic.  The 
N.  slope  has  only  the  Nalon,  the  Bidassoa,  and  some  moun- 
tain-streams. The  chief  tributaries  are  the  Esla  and  the 
Pisuerga,  which  join  the  Douro ;  the  Manzanares,  which 
passes  Madrid  and  joins  the  Jarama,  an  affluent  of  the 
Tagus ;  the  Aragon,  Gallego,  and  Segre,  affluents  of  the 
Ebro ;  and  the  Genii,  an  affluent  of  the  Guadalquivir.  Few 
of  these  are  navigable,  and  those  only  for  small  boats  near 
their  mouths.  The  only  lakes  or  lagoons  of  Spain  are  the 
Albufera,  in  Valencia,  and  the  Marmenor,  in  Murcia.  The 
coast-line  of  Spain,  which  has  an  extent  of  1400  miles,  is 
in  general  little  indented,  except  in  the  N.W.,  where  it  is 
bold  and  rocky.  The  chief  capes  are  Finisterre  on  the  N.W. 
and  Trafalgar  on  the  S.W.,  in  the  Atlantic ;  Gibraltar,  Gata, 
Palos,  and  Creux,  in  the  Mediterranean ;  Peiias  and  Orte- 
gal,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  The  climate  of  Spain  varies 
exceedingly  with  elevation  and  position  ;  it  is  warm  on  the 
coasts ;  the  table-lands  are  exposed  to  great  heat  in  sum- 
mer and  extreme  cold  in  winter.  Many  of  the  mountains 
rise  above  the  snow-line,  the  limit  of  which,  in  the  Pyre- 
nees, is  8952  feet;  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  11,190  feet.  Mean 
annual  temperature  at  Madrid,  58.2°  Fahr.  The  annual 
rainfall  on  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  on  the  N.  and  W.  «nasts 


SPA 


2613 


SPA 


IS  25  to  35  inches ;  while  on  the  table-land  of  Castile  it  is 
only  10  inches,  and  the  capital  is  often  exposed  to  severe 
drought.  Winter  is  the  rainy  season.  The  most  noxious 
winds  are  the  tolano  (the  sirocco  of  Italy),  a  hot  wind  from 
the  S.,  and  the  gallego,  a  cold  N.W.  wind  from  the  mountains 
of  Galicia,  Frost  is  often  severe  during  the  night  in  winter. 
Earthquakes  are  sometimes  felt  in  the  S.  The  soil  is  gen- 
erally fertile,  except  in  the  elevated  and  arid  districts  of 
the  central  provinces.     Agriculture  has  made  considerable 

Erogress.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  maize,  barley,  rice, 
emp,  and  flax.  The  wines  of  Spain  are  highly  valued ; 
the  principal  growths  are  those  of  Xeres  (sherry).  Rota, 
Malaga,  Alicante,  Malvasia,  and  Val  de  Penas ;  the  other 
products  are  soda  (from  marine  plants),  honey,  wax,  and 
silk,  the  latter  very  abundant  in  the  S.E.  provinces.  In  the 
S.  provinces  the  sugar-cane  and  cotton  have  been  acclima- 
tized, and  there  the  orange,  citron,  almond,  fig,  date,  and 
banana  grow  in  great  abundance.  The  best  building  tim- 
ber grows  on  the  N.  coast ;  the  cork  tree,  the  kermes  oak, 
and  the  sumach  tree  yield  valuable  products.  The  horses 
of  Andalusia  are  celebrated ;  the  mules  and  asses  are  re- 
markable for  beauty  and  size.  Cattle  are  of  good  breeds. 
The  race  of  sheep  called  the  merino  yields  a  great  quan- 
tity of  excellent  wool;  their  exportation  has  always  been 
prohibited,  and  their  pasturage  is  regulated  by  ancient 
laws.  Goats  are  very  abundant  in  the  table-lands;  the 
chamois  is  found  in  the  Pyrenees;  and  the  bear,  wolf, 
wild  cat,  marten,  fox,  and  lynx  in  the  different  moun- 
tains. Fish  are  not  plentiful  in  the  rivers,  but  abound  on 
the  Atlantic  coasts.  Its  manufacturing  industry,  formerly 
flourishing,  has  greatly  declined ;  the  government  has  still 
manufactures  of  saltpetre,  gunpowder,  cannon,  and  fire- 
arms, tobacco,  porcelain,  and  glass,  but  they  are  mostly  in 
decay  ;  and  the  celebrated  sword-manufacture  at  Toledo  is 
nearly  extinguished.  The  other  manufactures  are  of  silks, 
cottons,  woollens,  and  leather.  Cutlery,  iron,  and  copper 
goods  are  made  chiefly  in  Biscay.  There  are  no  good 
public  roads  in  Spain,  except  those  around  Madrid ;  wheel- 
carriages  are  little  used,  and  much  of  the  transport  is  ef- 
fected by  means  of  mules.  There  are  several  canals,  many 
of  them  on  a  magnificent  scale,  but  mostly  unfinished  and 
unfit  for  navigation ;  the  chief  of  these  are  the  Imperial 
Canal,  commenced  by  Charles  V.,  extending  along  the  right 
bank  of  the  Ebro,  and  the  canals  of  Castile,  Manzanares, 
Murcia,  Albacete,  and  Guadarama.  About  4000  miles  of 
railway  and  9000  miles  of  telegraph  lines  are  in  operation, 
traversing  the  country  in  all  directions.  From  the  extent 
of  its  coast-line,  its  numerous  ports,  its  geographical  posi- 
tion, and  natural  products,  Spain  possesses  greater  commer- 
cial advantages  than  any  other  country  in  Europe*  The 
principal  exports  are  wool,  wine,  brandy,  oil,  fruits,  iron, 
lead,  mercury,  and  salt,  with  a  small  amount  of  silk  and 
manufactured  goods,  having  an  annual  value  of  about 
$80,000,000.  The  imports  consist  of  colonial  goods,  dried 
fish,  salted  provisions,  butter,  cheese,  rice,  cotton  and  wool- 
len goods,  cutlery,  glass,  and  building  timber ;  value,  about 
$75,000,000.  The  vessels  entering  the  ports  of  Spain 
annually  number  about  10,000,  having  a  tonnage  of  about 
1,500,000  tons. 

The  present  inhabitants  of  Spain  are  descendants  of  the 
ancient  Iberians,  or  of  other  races  who  colonized  it  at  dif- 
ferent periods.  Four  primitive  families  are  discernible : 
I.  The  Spaniards,  descendants  of  the  original  races,  and  of 
Greeks,  Romans,  Vandals,  Goths,  and  Alans,  comprising 
nineteen-twentieths  of  the  population.  II.  The  Basques, 
in  the  N.,  one-twenty-fourth.  III.  The  Moors,  in  the  S., 
descendants  of  the  conquerors  who  ruled  for  seven  centu- 
ries in  the  S.  of  the  peninsula,  one  two-hundredth.  IV. 
The  Qitanos,  or  gypsies,  one  two-hundred-and-fiftieth.  The 
Jewish  race  has  disappeared  from  Spain  since  the  expul- 
sion of  the  Jews  in  1492.  The  Spaniards  are  well  formed, 
handsome,  and  vigorous,  with  black  eyes,  dark  and  clear 
complexions,  passionate,  and  addicted  to  music  and  games. 
The  nobility  comprises  about  80  dukes,  700  marquises,  550 
counts,  75  viscounts,  and  70  barons. 

The  government  is  a  constitutional  representative  mon- 
archy, with  a  council  of  state;  the  national  religion  is  the 
Roman  Catholic,  but  all  sects  are  tolerated.  The  king  sanc- 
tions and  promulgates  the  laws  made  by  the  Cortes.  The 
Cortes  consists  of  two  oo-legislative  bodies,  the  senate  and 
congress.  The  congress  is  renewed  every  three  years,  and  the 
senate  every  twelve  years.  The  senators  are  elected  by  the 
province*).  The  Cortes  meets  every  year,  and  for  at  least 
four  months  in  each  year.  The  minor  divisions  of  Spain  are 
governed  by  their  own  municipal  laws.  Every  province  has 
its  own  parliament.  The  municipal  and  provincial  bodies 
act  independently  in  all  matters  whioh  do  not  concern  the 


national  interests.  By  decree  of  the  Cortes,  1836,  all  con- 
vents were  suppressed  and  their  property  confiscated  to  the 
nation.  Formerly  public  education  was  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  the  priests ;  but  since  1838  government  grants 
and  superintendence  have  greatly  advanced  the  cause  of 
education,  especially  since  1857,  when  teachers  were  sub- 
jected to  examination  and  school-rooms  were  built.  There 
are  in  the  kingdom  about  1,000,000  pupils  in  public  and 
private  schools,  there  being  about  60  public  colleges  for 
middle-class  education,  with  800  professors  and  15,000 
pupils ;  for  high-class  education  thel-e  are  faculties  of  lit- 
erature and  philosophy,  science,  medicine,  and  theology. 
The  standing  army  consists  of  100,000  men,  viz.,  70,000 
infantry,  16,000  cavalry,  10,000  artillery,  and  4000  engi- 
neers ;  but  the  nominal  strength  of  the  army,  including 
those  serving  in  Cuba,  was  in  1878  180,000  ;  the  navy  con- 
sists of  123  vessels,  carrying  654  guns.  The  public  revenue  it 
stated  at  $122,200,000,  and  the  expenditure  at  $120,000,000  ; 
debt,  $2,048,000,000. 

The  following  table  shows  the  area  and  population  of  the 
new  divisions  into  which  the  old  provinces  were  formed : 


Old  Provinces. 


New  Provinces. 


New  OkatUe. 
La  Mancha. 

Old  Oastile. 

Leon. 
AstnriM. 

Galicia. 


Estrema- 
dora. 


Andalusia. 


Mnrcia.         -I 
Valencia.      -< 

Aragon.        -^ 

Catalonia. 
Navarre. 


Basque 
Provinces. 


Islands. 


Madrid 

Toledo , 

Guadalajara... 
Cnenca 


Cludad  Beal.. 


Burgos 

LogroBo.  .. 
Santander.. 

Soria 

Segovia 

Avila 

Palencia.... 
Valladolid . 


Leon 

Zamora 

Salamanca.. 


Oviedo. 


Comnna. 

Lugo 

Ore  use 

Pontevedra. 


Badajos. 
Caceres.. 


Seville 

Cadiz* 

Hnelva ^ 

Ck>rdovsi. 

Jaen. 

Granadaf ,. 

Almeria }.. 

Malaga 


Moroia... 
Albacete.. 


Valencia 

AUcante 

Castellon  de  la  Plana«. 


Saragossa.c 
Huesca.... 
Teruel 


Barcelona... 
Tarragona. 

Lerida 

Geroua 


Navarre. 


Biscay , 

Qulpuzcoa. 
Alava 


Total.. 


Balearic .. 
Canaries.. 


Complete  total 202,370 


Sq.  miles.    Pop.  (1884). 


2,997 
5,586 
4,869 
7,990 

7,543 

7,082 
2,378 
2.113 
5,770 
2,714 
2,982 
3,128 
3,043 

7,176 
4,136 
4,888 

4,216 

3,065 
3,484 
2,588 
1,739 

8,687 
7,018 

5,295 
2,816 
4,118 
6,068 
6,184 
4,918 
3,309 
3,062 

4,478 
5,972 

4,352 
2,868 
3,049 

6,607 
5,872 
5,494 

2,974 
2,461 
4,775 
2,413 

4,069 

845 

728 

1,292 


197,190 
2,200 


697,698 
365,514 
205,495 
244,916 

280,076 

348,152 
178,301 
245,786 
160,684 
168,235 
189,926 
189,306 
259,835 

370,388 
269,808 
306,240 

691,007 

616,043 
423,723 
396,066 
461,087 

457,366 
323,474 

620,103 
431,531 
221,062 
400,110 
434,824 
488,558 
357,698 
616,203 

469,a54 
222,028 

708,477 
427,818 
301,052 

410,988 
261,003 
253,929 

861,184 
343,847 
291,624 
309,008 

818,766 

200,817 

178,878 

97,912 


16,654,895 

306,847 
304,326 


17,266,068 


*  Including  Oeuta,  9694  inhabitants. 

t  Not  including  certain  possessions  in  North  Africa,  with  2622 
inhabitants. 

The  peninsula  now  forming  the  kingdoms  of  Spain  and 
Portugal  was  first  visited  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  after- 
wards by  the  Carthaginians,  who  here  formed  several  ex- 


SPA 


2514 


SPA 


tablishments.  It  was  conquered  by  the  Romans  after  a 
resistance  of  two  centuries ;  they  divided  it  into  three 
great  provinces,  viz,,  Tar  aeon  enaia  in  the  E.,  N.,  and 
centre,  Bmtica  in  the  S.,  and  Ltuitania  in  the  W.  The 
Visigoths  overran  the  country  in  the  fifth  century,  and 
were  driven  from  most  of  it  by  the  Arabs,  a.d.  711,  The 
kingdom  of  Portugal  was  founded  in  1095,  During  eight 
centuries  the  Christian  princes  were  engaged  in  continual 
warfare  with  the  Mohammedans,  From  this  state  the 
country  was  delivered  under  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  by 
the  conquest  of  Granada,  a,d,  1492.  This  was  followed  by 
the  pillage  and  expulsion  of  the  Jews,  who  had  possession 
of  most  of  the  wealth  of  the  country.  In  the  same  year 
Columbus  discovered  the  New  World,  and  Spain  became 
mistress  of  the  greater  part  of  America  as  then  known, 
Spain  renounced  the  republics  of  Central  America  in 
March,  1866.  Of  these  vast  coloT»ial  possessions,  Spain 
has  now  only  the  follomng  :  • 


C!olonie8. 

Sq.  m. 

Pop. 

America — 

Cuba,  with  Isle  of  Pines,  Ac » 

Porto  Bico 

43,919 
3,696 

1,621,684 
754,313 

47^16 

2,276,997 

Oceania- 
Philippine  Islands 

116,628 
917 
417 

6,636,232 

Caroline  and  Pelew  Islands 

36,000 

Ladrone  Islands 

8,666 

116,862 

6,680,897 

West  AfWca— 
Fernando  Po  and  Annobon,  fto 

489 

68,654 

Total 

164,866 

8,026,648 

From  the  sixteenth  century,  Spain  was  divided  in^o  large 
provinces,  having  mostly  the  title  of  kingdom  ;  but  by  a 
royal  decree  of  April,  1833,  it  was  partitioned  into  48 
smaller  provinces,  each  bearing  the  name  of  its  capital, 
except  Navarre  and  the  three  Basque  provinces,  which  re- 
main unchanged  and  possess  peculiar  privileges.  Napoleon 
I.  attempted  to  place  his  brother  on  the  throne  of  Spain, 
but  he  was  driven  out  of  the  peninsula  chiefly  by  the 
British  army  under  Wellington.     Since  then  there  have 

been  repeated  civil  wars  and  insurrections. Adj.  Span'- 

I8H  (Sp.  EspaSol,  Ss-pin-ysr ;  Fr.  Espagnol,  fis'pin^yol' ; 
Ger,  Spanisch,  spi'nish ;  It,  Spagnuolo,  spin-yoo-o'lo ; 
Port,  HisPAXo,  ees-pi'no) ;  inhab,  Spaniard,  span'yard 
(Ger,  Spanier,  spi'ne-^r ;  Port.  Hespanhol,  8s-pin-yol' ; 
in  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian,  the  adjective  is  also  used 
for  the  inhabitant), 

Spain,  a  post-oflSce  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Spaitla,  spit'ia,  Sfaitla,  sfit'ia,  or  Sbeitla,  sbit'14 
(anc.  Suffet'ula  or  Sufet'ula),  a  decayed  town,  dominions 
and  142  miles  S.W,  of  Tunis,  with  splendid  ruins, 

Spalato,  spi-li'to,  or  Spalatro,  sp4-li'tro,  a  seaport 
city  of  Dalmatia,  on  a  small  promontory  opposite  the  islands 
of  Brazza,  Bua,  <fcc,  Lat,  43°  20'  4"  N. ;  Ion,  16°  26'  7" 
E.  Pop.  11,000.  The  B.  half  of  the  city  is  crowded  into 
the  area  of  the  vast  palace  of  the  Roman  emperor  Diocle- 
tian, in  which  the  ancient  temple  of  Jupiter,  with  a  lofty 
octagonal  tower,  is  still  perfect.  The  streets  of  the  city 
are  all  narrow  lanes,  but  it  has  several  open  spaces,  numer- 
ous churches  and  convents,  a  lazaretto,  schools,  government 
museum  of  antiquities,  barracks,  and  an  inner  and  outer 
harbor,  the  latter  adapted  for  vessels  of  any  burden.  It 
is  the  most  important  seat  of  commerce  in  Dalmatia,  It  is 
especially  interesting  for  the  ruins  of  the  palace  to  which 
the  emperor  Diocletian  retired  after  abdicating  the  throne 
(a,d,  305),  This  palace  was  constructed  of  a  beautiful  free- 
stone, and  is  said  to  have  covered  9  acres.  A  large  portion 
of  Spalato  has  been  built  out  of  its  ruins. 

Spalding,  spawl'ding,  a  market-town  of  England,  oo. 
of  Lincoln,  at  a  railway  junction,  in  a  fenny  district, 
on  the  navigable  river  Welland,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  consists  chiefly  of  four  streets  and  a  market- 
place, in  which  are  the  town  hall  and  house  of  correction, 
and  it  ha«  a  good  church,  a  grammar-school,  many  chari- 
ties, a  theatre,  a  public  library,  warehouses,  and  an  active 
trade  in  com,  wool,  flax,  and  hemp. 

Spalding,  spawl'ding,  a  county  in  the  N,W.  central 
part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  189  square  miles.  It 
is  partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Flint  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  hilly.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton  and  In- 


dian corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and  the  Georgia, 
Midland  &,  Gulf  Railroad,  Capital,  Griffin,  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,205;  in  1880,  12,585;  in  1890,  13,117. 

Spalding,  a  station  in  Kane  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Spalding,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  22  miles  S,S,W.  of 
Escanaba.     It  has  1  or  more  lumber-mills. 

Spalmadore  (sp&l-mi-do'r^)  Islands  (anc.  (Enut»« 
or  ^Emisaesf),  a  group  of  islets  belonging  to  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, between  the  island  of  Scio  and  the  mainland  of  Asia 
Minor.  Lat.  38°  32'  N, ;  Ion,  26°  12'  E,  Length  of  the 
largest,  5  miles, 

Spanberg,  Kooril  Isles,     See  Chikotan. 

Spandau,  spin'dSw,  or  Spandow,  spSLn'do^,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Spree 
and  Havel,  9  miles  W.  of  Berlin  by  railway.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  citadel  on  an  island  in  the  Havel,  used 
as  a  state  prison.  The  streets  are  clean,  airy,  and  spacious. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  a  Ro- 
man Catholic  church,  and  the  former  residence  of  the 
Electors  of  Brandenburg,  now  a  penitentiary.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  tobacco-pipes, 
powder,  and  fire-arms.  It  was  taken  by  the  Swedes  in  1631, 
and  by  the  French  in  1806.     Pop,  26,888, 

Spangenberg,  sp&ng'^n-b^RG^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1650. 

Spangle,  spang'g^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stevens  oo., 
Washington,  near  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 

Spang'ville,  a  post-village  in  Oley  township,  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  8  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Spaniard's  (span'yardz)  Bay,  a  large  fishing  settle- 
ment in  the  district  of  Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  on  a 
bay  of  the  same  name,  6  miles  from  Harbor  Grace.    Span 
iard's  Bay  is  almost  surrounded  by  high  hills,  from  which 
fine  views  are  to  be  had.     Pop.  1184. 

Span'ish  Bar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Col. 

Span'ishburg,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Span'ish  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex,, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  East  Bernard.     It  has  a  church. 

Spanish  Dry  Dig'gings,  a  hamlet  of  EI  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Auburn. 

Spanish  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  58 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  1  mile  from  Spanish 
Fork  Station  of  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  in  1880,  2304;  in  1890,  2214. 

Spanish  Fort,  a  post-office  of  Montague  co.,  Tex. 

Spanish  HoI'low,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  oo.,  Oregon. 

Spanish  Lake,  of  Louisiana,  is  connected  with  the 
right  bank  of  Red  River,  a  few  miles  above  Natchitoches 
Length,  about  12  miles, 

Spanish  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Appomattox  co,,  Va. 

Spanish  Peak,  a  mountain-peak  of  Plumas  co,,  Cal,, 
about  14  miles  W.  of  Quincy, 

Spanish  Peaks,  two  isolated  mountains  in  the  S, 
part  of  Colorado,  near  lat,  37°  24'  N.  and  Ion.  105°  W.  The 
highest  of  them  has  an  altitude  of  13,623  feet  above  the 
sea-level.  It  is  partly  composed  of  volcanic  rocks.  The 
other  peak  is  12,720  feet  hign. 

Spanish  Peaks,  a  village  of  Huerfano  co.,  Col.,  about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Trinidad. 

Spanish  Ranch,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Quincy.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  store. 

Span'ish  Riv'er,  of  Canada,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls 
into  Lake  Huron  opposite  the  Great  Manitoulin  Island. 

Spanish  River,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Al- 
goma,  Ontario,  on  Georgian  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Spanish 
River,  150  miles  from  CoUingwood.     Pop.  100. 

Spanish  Room,  a  fishing  settlement  and  harbor  on 
the  W.  side  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from 
Burin.     Pop.  116. 

Span'ish  Town,  a  village  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  25  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Span'ish  Town,  or  Santiago  de  la  Vega,  sin- 
te-i'go  di  1&  vi'gi,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  river  Cobre,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingston.  Pop. 
6000.  It  has  a  cooly  depot,  an  institution  called  Queen's 
College,  water-works,  Ac,  and  was  long  the  capital  of  the 
colony.     See  also  Port-of-Spain,  and  Virgin  Gorda. 

Spanjen,  Europe.     See  Spain. 

Sparanisi,  spi-ri-nee'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  2796. 

Spar'kill,  a  post-village  in  Orangetown  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jer- 


SPA 


2515 


SPA 


where  it  orosaea  the  Piennont  Branch  of  the  Brie  Rail- 

lad,  5  miles  S.  of  Nyack,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
has  2  churches. 

Spark'Iing  Cataw'ba  Springs,  a  post-village  and 
watering-place  of  Catawba  oo.,  N.C.,  6  miles  S.  of  Hickory 
Station,  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  hotel, 
several  cottages,  and  sulphur  springs. 

Spark'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from  Spencer. 

SparkS)  a  post-oflSce  of  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Spark's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  oo.,  HI.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Shawneetown.     It  has  a  church. 

Sparks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Brownstown.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  an  elevator. 

Spar'land,  a  post-village  in  Steuben  township,  Mar- 
shall CO.,  111.,  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rook 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  2  miles  W.  of  Lacon,  and 
26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a 
graded  school,  2  churches,  a  distillery,  and  a  mill.     P.  568. 

Sparone,  spi-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Ivrea.     Pop.  2336. 

Spar'rowbnsh,  a  post-village  in  Deerpark  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  2  miles  above 
Port  Jervis,  and  about  25  miles  W.  of  Goshen.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  public  hall,  a  tanner}',  3  hotels,  and  5  stores. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Sparta,  spar'ti,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
the  remains  of  which,  on  a  hill,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Mistra,  con- 
sist chiefly  of  a  theatre  and  a  temple. 

Spar'ta,  a  post-village  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  94  miles  E.N.B.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  <t  Augusta  Railroad,  53  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macon. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSee,  a  bank,  and  several 
schools.     Pop.  in  1880,  848}  in  1890,  1540. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Knox  oo..  111.  Pop.  1950.  It 
contains  Wataga.  * 

Sparta,  a  post-town  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  ho- 
tels, a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  2  woollen-fac- 
tories, 3  flour-mills,  2  plough-factories,  and  6  churches. 
Pop.  about  2000.    Coal  abounds  here. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sparta  township,  Dearborn 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  i,  Mississippi  Railroad,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Aurora.  The  township  contains  a  village  named 
Moore's  Hill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1939. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1381. 

Sparta,  a  post-office  of  MoPherson  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Newton, 

Sparta,  a  village  near  the  line  of  Owen  and  Gallatin 
COS.,  Ky.,  on  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Cincin- 
nati &  Lexington  Railroad,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  a  fiour-mill  and  about  15  houses.  Sparta  Post-Office 
is  in  Gallatin  oo. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bienville  parish,  La., 
is  situated  on  a  level  sandy  plain  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Shreveport.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Sparta,  or  Sparta  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sparta 
township,  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo 
&  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  town- 
ship, 2103. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Chippewa  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  648. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co..  Miss.,  26  miles 
W.N.W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  oo..  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Sparta,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  township,  Sussex  oo., 
N.J.,  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Wallkill  Valley,  8  miles  E.  of 
Newton,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Sparta  Station.  It  contains  2 
churches,  a  public  school,  2  hotels,  and  2  flour-mills.  Pop. 
about  500.  The  township  has  valuable  mines  of  zinc  and 
iron  ores.  Pop.  2274.  Sparta  Station,  in  this  county,  is 
on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  near  Monroe,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Newton. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.    P.  1182. 

Sparta,  a  village  of  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
son River,  1  mile  below  Sing  Sing.     Poj).  about  260. 

Sparta,  Alleghany  co.,  N.C.    See  Gap  Civil. 

Sparta,  a  post- village  in  Sparta  township,  Edgecombe 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  Tar  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Tarborough,  about 
64  miles  E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 


a  distillery.  Cotton  and  com  are  shipped  here  on  the  river, 
which  is  navigable.     Pop.  of  township,  1622. 

Sparta,  a  post-village  in  South  Bloomfield  townships 
Morrow  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It 
has  2  churches  and  some  minor  manufactures.     Pop.  250. 

Sparta,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Union  co., 
Oregon,  1  mile  from  Bald  Mountain,  and  about  28  mile? 
S.E.  of  La  Grande. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1131. 

Sparta,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  about  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  White  co.,  Tenn., 
about  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville,  and  3  miles  from  the 
Cumberland  Mountain.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  seminary.  Coal-mines  have  been 
opened  5  miles  from  Sparta.     Pop.  aboat  1000. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co,,  Va.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Milford  Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Sparta  township,  on  the  La  Crosse  River,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  La 
Crosse,  and  108  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  an  iron-foundry,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, 2  grist-mills,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  large  hotel. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2387;  in  1890,  2795.  Here  is  a  mineral 
spring  containing  iron. 

Spar'ta,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  St.  Thomas  West.  It  contains  a  foundry,  a  saw- 
and  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Sparta  Centre,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Sparta. 

Spar'tanburg,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South 
Carolina,  borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  949 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Broad 
River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ennoree,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Pacolet  and  Tiger  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  wheat, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
an  abundance  of  iron  ore  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed 
by  a  division  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  and  by 
several  branches  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
which  centre  at  Spartanburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,784;  in  1880,  40,409;  in  1890,  55,385. 

Spartanburg,  a  post-village  in  Green's  Fork  town- 
ship, Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  17  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  a  hotel,  aad  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  230. 

Spartanburg,  a  city,  capital  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  is 
in  Spartanburg  township,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air- 
Line  Railroad,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  and 
about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  is  connected  with 
Columbia  by  the  Spartanburg  <k  Union  Railroad.  Here  is 
Woffiird  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1853,  has  7  instructors,  about  75  students,  and  a 
library  of  15,000  volumes.  Spartanburg  has  7  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school  for  boys, 
a  high  school  for  girls,  2  carriage-factories,  and  2  brick- 
kilns.    Pop.  in  1880,  3253;  in  1890,  5544. 

Spar'tansbnrg,  a  post-borough  in  Sparta  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany  River 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Corry,  and  18  miles  N.  of 
Titusville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  brooms,  and  woollen  goods.  The 
business  houses  of  Spartansburg  were  destroyed  by  fire 
March  7,  1878.     Pop.  457. 

Sparta  Station,  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.    See  Sparta. 

Spartivento,  a  cape  of  Italy.  See  Cape  Spartivbnto. 

Spask,  sp&sk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Oka.     Pop.  3662. 

Spask,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  108  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tambov.   Pop.  5018.   It  has  numerous  factories 

Spask,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  64  miles  S. 
of  Kazan,  on  the  Bezdna,  near  its  junction  with  the  Volga. 
Pop.  2820.     Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Bulgar. 

Spa  Springs,  a  post-villnge  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  3  miles  from  Wilmot.     Pop.  100. 

Spata,  sp&'t&,  a  small  village  of  Greece,  between  the 
N.W.  side  of  Mount  Hymettus  and  the  sea.  Near  this 
\illage,  in  subterranean  chambers,  were  discovered  in  1877 
numerous  interesting  antiquities  of  gold,  silver,  bronze, 
crystal,  and  clay,  bearing  a  great  resemblance  to  the  recent 
discoveries  at  Mycenae. 

Spaulding,  spawl'ding,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  i  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Elgin,  HI. 


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Spanlding,  a  station  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  North 
McGregor. 

Spaulding,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  231. 

Spanlding)  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2117. 

Spanlding,  a  post-village  in  Albion  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

SpavinaW)  8pav'§-naw\  a  post-oflSce  of  Benton  oo., 
Ark.,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Neosho,  Mo. 

Speak'er^  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Speaker  township,  which  is  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Port 
Huron.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1213. 

Spear'fish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D.,  among 
the  Black  Hills.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spears  y  speerz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ey.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Nicholasville.     It  has  a  church. 

Spearsville,  speerz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co., 
Ind.,  10  miles  N.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Spearsville,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish.  La.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 

Spearville,  speer'vil,  a  post- village  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  FI  Railroad,  16i  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Dodge  City.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office. 

Specchia  dei  Preti,  sp£k'ke-&  dk'e  pri'tee,  a  town 
ot  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  E.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     P.  2471. 

Specht's  (spekts)  Ferry,  a  station  of  Dubuque  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Dubuque  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  12  miles  above  Dubuque. 

Specia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  La  Spezia. 

Speckled  (spek'^ld)  Monntain,  in  Oxford  oo..  Me., 
near  the  line  of  New  Hampshire,  is  about  4000  feet  high. 

Speedie,  speed'e,  or  Leith  Corners,  a  post-village 
m  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Owen  Sound.  It 
contains  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Speed's,  a  station  of  the  JefiTersonville,  Madison  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  9^  miles  N.  of  JeflFersonviile,  Ind. 

Speeds'ville,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Caroline  township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw -mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  153. 

Speed'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Harris  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Speedwell,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.    Pop.  606. 

Speedwell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Knoxville.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Speedwell,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  about  44 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Abingdon. 

Speegleville,  spee'gh^l-vll,  a  post-office  of  McLennan 
CO.,  Tex. 

Speen'hamland,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Berks, 
immediately  W.  of  the  town  of  Newbury,  of  which  it  forms 
a  suburb.     Pop.  1101. 

Speer's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Clinch  River. 

Speers'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  about  80 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Speicher,  spi's^r,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Appenzell,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vbgelinseck.     Pop.  3147. 

Speight's  (spits)  Bridge,  a  post-township  of  Greene 
CO.,  N.C.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Goldsborough.     P.  1820. 

Speights  Town,  spits'tfiwn,  a  small  town  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Barbadoes,  10  miles  N.  of  Bridgetown.  It  has  a 
handsome  church  and  several  forts. 

Speitche's  (spit'chiz)  Cove,  or  Bar'ton,  a  seaport 
of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Digby,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  10  miles 
from  Digby.     It  has  excellent  facilities  for  ship-building. 

Spello,  spSl'lo  (anc  Hispel'lum),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Perugia,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Foligno.  Its  cathedral  has 
fine  paintings.     Pop.  2355. 

Spence,  a  post-office  in  the  district  of  Muskoka,  On- 
tario, 60  miles  N.  of  Orillia.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores, 
2  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Spen'cer,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  and  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Lit- 
tle Pigeon  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of 
the  Louisville,  Bvansville  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  one  of 
which  connects  with  Rockport,  the  capital,  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  county.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,998; 
in  1880,  22,122;  in  1890,  22,060. 

Spencer,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  200  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the 


East  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  also  drained  by  Clear  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  is 
abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  also  liberally  supplied 
with  timber.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Taylorsville,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5956;  in  1880,  7040;  in  1890,  6760. 

Spencer,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  45  miles  N. 
of  Tuscaloosa. 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co..  111.,  on  the  Joliet 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Joliet. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1310. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1927. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White  River, 
and  on  the  Indianapolis  A  Yinoennes  Railroad,  53  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  lime,  wool,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  1868. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Spencer  township,  on  Little  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  49  miles  W.  of  Algona, 
and  36  miles  E.  of  Sheldon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  824;  in  1890,  1813. 

Spencer,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  7i 
miles  E.  of  Topeka,  Kansas. 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mount  Sterling  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Mount  Sterling.  It 
has  a  church. 

Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Spencer  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  li  miles  N.  of  Spencer  Station  of  the  Boston  A 
Albany  Railroad,  and  about  12  miles  W.  of  Worcester. 
Spencer  Station  is  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  AVorcester.  Spencer 
contains  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  woollen-factories,  a  fine  hotel, 
and  4  or  5  manufactories  of  boots.    Pop.  of  township,  8747. 

Spenoer,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1196. 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Logan  Station. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Pike  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1654. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2119. 

Spencer,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co..  Neb. 

Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Spencer  township,  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Utioa,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
Ithaca,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  a  union 
school,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1884. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  1163.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Spencerville  (which  see). 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  1359. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.     Pop.  2543. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Lucas  oo.,  0.     Pop.  653. 

Spencer,  a  station  in  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo. 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  in  Spencer  township,  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Wellington,  and  about  38  miles 
S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  township,  929. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Tenn.,  about  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  contains  a 
church,  and  a  school  called  Burritt  College. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Roane  oo.,  W.  Va., 
about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  431. 

Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Brighton  township,  Mara- 
thon CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  106  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Menasha.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Spencer  Brook,  a  post- village  in  Spencer  Brook 
township,  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  great  pinery,  on  Rum 
River,  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  461. 

Spen'cerburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Spencer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich, 
about  22  miles  B.N.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Spencer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Spencer  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Polk  township,  4  miles  W.  of  Walker. 

Spencer  Gulf,  a  large  bay  of  South  Australia,  between 
lat.  32°  30'  and  35°  S.  and  Ion.  136°  and  138°  E.  Length 
inland,  200  miles.  Breadth,  80  miles.  In  it  are  Hardwicke 
Bay  and  Port  Lincoln. 


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Spen'cerport,  sipost-village  in  Ogden  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Brie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper of5ce,  and  2  barrel-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  695. 

Spencer's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Spencer's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Spencer  Springs,  a  summer  resort  in  Spencer  town- 
ship, Tioga  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Spencer  Station.  Here 
are  chalybeate  and  sulphur  springs,  and  a  hotel. 

Spencer's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co., 
0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cambridge. 

Spencer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Va. 

Spen'certown,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y., 
is  in  a  beautiful  valley  in  Austerlitz  township,  on  Punsit 
Creek,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  contains  2  churches 
and  an  academy  or  union  school. 

Spencerrille,  Illinois.    See  Annapolis. 

Spen'cerville,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  De 
Kalb  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River  (of  the  Maumee), 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Spencerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Spencerville,  or  Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Spencer 
township,  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  Canal,  and  on  the 
Toledo,  Delphos  &  Burlington  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Del- 
phos.  It  htis  several  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  woollen  goods,  sash  and  doors,  &c.    P.  532. 

Spen'cerville,  a  post-village  in  Qrenville  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Ottawa  Railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Pres- 
cott.     It  contains  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  250. 

Spence's,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salinas.  P.  75. 

Spence's  Bridge,  a  post-town  of  British  Columbia, 
80  miles  N.  of  Yale,  and  on  Thompson  River,  23  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Eraser  River,  at  Lytton. 

Speuceville,  spenss'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grass  Valley.     It  has  a  church. 

Spe'onk,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Sag 
Harbor  Branch  Railroad,  73  miles  E.  of  New  York,  and 
about  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  1  or  2  churches 
and  a  summer  boarding-house.     Pop.  174. 

Sperchins,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Hellada. 

Sperlonga,  spSR-lon'gi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  on  the  coast,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gaeta.   Pop.  1683. 

Sper'ry,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1119. 

Sperry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.  of  Burlington. 

Sperry's  Mills,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  16  miles  from  Smithton. 

Sper'ryville,  a  post- village  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Winchester.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
tannery. 

Spesshardt,  sp£ss'haRt,  Spessart,  spis'saRt,  or 
Spessart-Wald,  spfis'saRt-^ilt^  a  mountain-range  of 
Germany,  commences  in  the  N.W.  of  Bavaria,  and  extends 
N.N.E.  till  it  joins  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Rhongebirge. 

Spey,  spi,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Inverness,  Banff, 
and  Moray,  rises  between  Badenooh  and  Lochaber,  expands 
into  Loch  Spey  about  6  miles  N.  of  Loch  Laggan,  flows 
N.E.,  and  enters  Moray  Firth  4  miles  W.  of  Port  Gordon. 
Length,  110  miles. 

Speyer,  or  Speier,  spi'^r  or  spire,  often  written 
Spire  and  Spires  (ano.  A'owom'a^'tw,  afterwards  Neme'- 
tes),  a  city,  capital  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Rhine,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Speyerbach,  16^  miles  N.E.  of  Landau, 
on  a  branch  railway  to  Mannheim.  Lat.  49°  18'  55"  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  26'  37"  E.  Pop.  14,100,  of  whom  about  one-third 
are  Roman  Catholics.  It  occupies  a  large  space,  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  containing  the  tombs  of  many 
German  emperors,  the  remains  of  an  old  palace,  a  city 
hall,  gymnasium,  orphan  asylum,  house  of  correction,  for- 
est school,  botanic  garden,  museum  of  antiquities,  manu- 
factures of  vinegar  and  tobacco,  sugar-refineries,  and  an 
extensive  commerce  and  transit  tra4e  on  the  river.  It  is  a 
Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  At  the  Diet  of  Spires,  held 
in  1529,  the  protest  was  made  which  originated  the  desig- 
nation of  Protestants.  Noviomagus,  once  an  important 
Roman  station,  was  in  the  Middle  Ages  the  residence  of 
many  German  emperors. 

Speyerbach,  spi'9r-biK\  or  Spire,  ariver  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  flows  E.,  and  jotss  the  Rhine  at  Speyer.  Length, 
40  miles. 


Speyside,  spa'sido,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Speyside  Creek,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Acton  West.  It 
has  a  store,  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Spezia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  La  Spezia. 

Spezzano  -  Albanese,  spfit-si'no-il-bi-ni'sA,  or 
Spezzaueilo,  spSt-si-nfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria. 

10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  4348. 
Spezzano  Grande,  spit-s&'no  gr&n'd&,  a  village  of 

Italy,  province  and  E.N.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2042. 

Spezzia,  spSt'se-i,  an  island  of  Greece,  government  if 
Argolis,  off  its  S.  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Nauplia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hydra.  Area,  26  square 
miles.  Pop.  8443.  Its  inhabitants  devote  themselves  to 
commerce  and  navigation.  Spezzia  is  remarkable  for  the 
salubrity  of  its  climate  and  the  beauty  of  its  women.  The 
town  of  Spezzia  is  on  its  N.E.  shore.  Pop.  3000.  Pulo 
Spezzia  ("  Little  Spezzia")  is  an  islet  off  the  S.E.  side  of 
the  above  island. 

Sphaeria,  an  ancient  name  of  Poros. 

Sphagia,  sfi-ghee'4  (anc.  Sphacteriei),  an  island  of 
Greece,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  in  front  of  the 
harbor  of  Navarino.  Length,  3  miles;  breadth,  half  a 
mile.  It  is  separated  into  three  or  four  sections  by  narrow 
channels  passable  by  boats. 

Sphakia,  sfi-kee'i,  a  town  of  Crete,  on  its  8.  ooast,  43 
miles  from  its  W.  extremity.     Pop.  1000. 

Spice  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Moluccas. 

Spiceland,  splss'land,  a  post-village  in  Spiceland 
township,  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Richmond, 
8  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Castle,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Dunreith 
Station.  It  contains  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  pumps  and 
washing-machines.     Pop.  in  1880,  527;  in  1890,  637. 

Spi'cerville,  a  hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hamlin 
township,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  haa  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Spice  Valley,  township,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    P.  1939. 

Spick'ardsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township, 
Grundy  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad  (Spickards  Station),  Hi  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spielberg,  a  city  of  Moravia.    See  BRttsw. 

Spieroe,  spee'^h-ro^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Christiania,  in  lat.  59°  4'  N. 

Spiers,  speerz,  or  Station  Eleven,  a  village  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  10^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.     Pop.  200. 

Spietz,  speets,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  2a 
miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  near  the  Lake  of  Thun.     Pop.  2077. 

Spig'got  (or  Spick'et)  River,  a  small  stream,  rises 
in  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  and  falls  into  the  Merrimac 
River  at  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Spigno,  speen'yo,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont 

11  miles  S.W.  of  Acqui,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  3335. 
Spike  Island,  an  island  on  the  W.  side  of  Cork  Har- 
bor, Ireland,  i  mile  S.  of  Queenstown.   Strong  fortifications 
have  been  erected  here  for  the  protection  of  the  harbor. 

Spikeroog,  spee'k§r-5g,  or  Spiker-Oge,  spee'k^r- 
o'gh^h,  an  island  of  Germany,  in  the  North  Sea,  4  miles 
W.  of  Wangeroog,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Weser. 

Spilimbergo,  spe-Hm-bfiR'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Udine,  on  the  Tagliamento.     Pop.  2330. 

Spilimberto,  spe-lim-b8R'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Modena,  on  the  Panaro. 

Spill'ville,  a  post-village  in  Calmar  township,  Winne- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Turkey  River,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Decorah.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  2  breweries, 
and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Spils'by,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  market-cross,  a 
handsome  church,  a  subscription  library,  and  a  free  school. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1623. 

Spinazzola,  spe-n&t'so-l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  7  miles  S.  of  Minervino.     Pop.  9900. 

Spinges,  sping'^s  or  sping'gh^s,  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Tyrol,  12  miles  from  Brixep. 

Spink,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  1505  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Dakota  or  James  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
Capital,  Redfield.     Pop.  in  1880,  477;  in  1890,  10,581. 

Spin'nerstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  AUentown.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Spin'neyville,  a  post-village  and  watoring-place  of 
Scott  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  below 
Davenport.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Spinoso,  spe-no'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata.  IS 


SPI 


2518 


SPO 


miles  N.E.  of  Lagonegro,  Near  it  is  a  magnificent  Roman 
bridge.     Pop.  2648. 

Spirano,  spe-ri'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  S.  of  Bergamo,     Pop.  1983. 

Spirding,  speeR'ding,  a  lake  of  East  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Gumbinnen,  S.E.  of  Nikolaiken,  11  miles  in  length. 

Spire,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria.     See  Speyeebach. 

Spire,  or  Spires.    See  Speter. 

Spir'it  Creek,  of  Richmond  oo.,  Ga.,  flows  E.  into  the 
Savannah  River. 

Spirit  Ijake,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa,  is  said  to  be  the 
largest  lake  in  the  state.     It  is  about  10  miles  long. 

Spirit  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dickinson  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  W.  shore  of  East  Okoboji  Lake,  in  Centre 
Grove  township,  1  mile  S.  of  Spirit  Lake,  and  about  56 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Algona,  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  1  or 
2  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.    P.  (1890J  782. 

Spirit  Lake,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.     P.  278. 

Spirito  Sancto.    See  Espiritu  Santo. 

Spirit  River,  a  small  stream  of  Marathon  co..  Wis., 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Spital,  spit'A.1,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia,  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Villach,  on  the  Drave.     Pop.  1496. 

Spit'alfields,  a  quarter  of  the  British  metropolis,  co. 
of  Middlesex,  immediately  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  city  of 
London.  It  is  a  principal  seat  of  the  silk-manufacture  in 
England.     Pop.  20,783. 

Spit'head,  a  roadstead  oflT  the  S.  coast  of  England,  oo. 
of  Hants,  between  Portsea  Island  and  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
It  communicates  W.  with  the  Solent  and  Southampton 
Water.  It  is  very  secure,  and  is  a  rendezvous  of  the  British 
navy.     Portsmouth  and  Ryde  are  on  its  opposite  sides. 

Spiti,  spit'tee  or  spee'tee,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  In- 
dia, near  where  the  Sutlej  breaks  through  the  Himalayas, 
between  lat.  32°  and  33°  N.,  Ion.  78°  E.,  surrounded  by 
Ladakh,  Bussaher,  the  Chinese  territory,  Ac.  Its  villages 
are  from  12,000  to  12,500  feet  above  the  sea.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  of  the  Tartar  race,  and  Booddhists. 

Spiti  River,  the  W.  branch  of  the  Sutlej,  above  the 
Himalayas,  joins  the  main  stream  in  lat.  31°  48'  N.,  Ion. 
78°  38'  E. 

Spitz ,  spits,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  8  miles 
S.AV.  of  Stein.  Pop.  2067.  It  has  iron-factories  and  a 
trade  in  timber  and  vinegar. 

Spitzbergen,  spits-b^rg'^n,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  midway  between  Greenland  and  Nova  Zem- 
bla.  Lat.  80°  N. ;  Ion.  20°  30'  E.  This  archipelago  is 
usually  classed  among  European  islands,  and  is  claimed  by 
Russia  as  a  dependency  of  its  empire.  The  archipelago  is 
composed  of  3  large  and  numerous  small  islands.  Near  its 
N.  extremity  is  the  group  of  7  islands,  or  Seven  Sisters. 
The  large  islands  are  Spitzbergen  proper.  Northeast  Land 
and  Southeast  Land,  or  New  Friesland,  Prince  Charles 
Poreland,  Stans  Foreland,  and  Wyehe  Island.  Very  little 
is  known  of  the  interior  of  these  islands,  but  the  coasts  pre- 
sent immense  glaciers  and  mountain-chains  bristling  with 
granite  peaks,  many  of  which  exceed  4000  feet  in  height. 
Between  the  mountains  and  the  shore  a  narrow  belt  of  low 
land  often  intervenes,  but  frequently  the  ridges  reach  down 
to  the  coast  and  form  precipitous  cliflfs,  which  seem  to  over- 
hang the  ocean.  The  climate  is  intensely  cold,  and  vege- 
tation is  confined  to  a  few  plants  of  rapid  growth,  which  do 
not  rise  above  3  or  4  inches,  and  for  the  most  part  spring 
up,  flower,  and  seed,  in  a  month  or  six  weeks.  During  winter, 
which  sets  in  at  the  end  of  September,  the  sun  remains  for 
four  months  below  the  horizon,  but  at  so  short  a  distance 
from  it  that  in  every  24  hours  the  darkness  is  relieved  for 
about  6  hours  by  a  faint  twilight.  A  similar  effect  is  pro- 
duced by  the  unusual  brightness  of  the  moon  and  stars,  and 
still  more  by  the  remarkable  brilliancy  of  the  aurora  borea- 
lis.  The  larger  forms  of  animal  life  are  foxes,  bears,  and 
reindeer;  in  pursuit  of  which,  as  well  as  morses  and  seals, 
the  islands  are  visited  by  the  Norwegians  and  Russians. 
Sea-fowl  are  numerous.  The  minerals  are  known  to  include 
marble  and  coal.  The  group  appears  to  have  been  first  dis- 
covered (in  1553)  by  Willoughby,  the  celebrated  English 
navigator.  They  were  again  discovered,  in  1596,  by  the 
Dutch  navigator  Barentz,  in  endeavoring  to  effect  a  N.E, 
passage  to  India. 

Split  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Rockaway 
township,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hibernia.  It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Split  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  13 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Huntersville. 

Spliigen,  splii'gh§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Qri- 
sons,  cfl  the  Rhine,  4  miles  N.  of  the  summit  of  the  Spliigen 
Pass. 

Sp/^gen  (splu'gh^n;  Ger.  pron.  splii'gh^n)  Pass,  a 


route  across  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  between  the  Grisons  (Swit- 
zerland) and  Lombardy ;  its  summit,  6939  feet  above  the 
sea,  is  23  miles  N.  of  the  head  of  the  Lago  di  Como.  The 
route  is  carried  through  three  covered  galleries,  which  are 
the  longest  in  the  Alps.  A  French  army  crossed  the 
Splugen  in  1800. 

Spokane,  spo'kan,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wash- 
ington, borders  on  Idaho.  Area,  1680  square  miles.  It  is 
traversed  by  several  railroads.  Capital,  Cheney.  Pop.  in 
1880,  4262;  in  1890,  37,487. 

Spokane,  or  Spokane  Falls,  a  city  of  Spokane  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Spokane  River,  and  on  4  railroads, — 
the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Great  Northern,  the  Spokane 
Falls  &  Northern,  and  the  Union  Pacific, — 382  miles  N.W. 
of  Helena,  Montana,  and  481  miles  N.E.  of  Portland, 
Oregon.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  large  lumber  trade,  has  great 
water-power,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour, 
bricks,  lime,  cement,  Ac.  Here  are  foundries,  machine- 
shops,  and  factories  of  various  sorts.  The  city  has  4  daily 
and  9  weekly  newspapers.     P.  in  1880, 350 ;  in  1890,  19,922. 

Spokane  River  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Idaho,  and  is 
the  outlet  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Lake.  It  passes  into  Washing- 
ton, runs  in  a  W.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Columbia 
River  near  lat.  47°  52'  N.     It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Spoleto,spo-li'to  (anc.  Spole'tium  or  Spole'tum),&  city 
of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  strongly  placed  on  an  isolated  hill,  24 
miles  N.  of  Rieti.  It  is  connected  across  a  deep  ravine 
with  an  adjacent  height  by  a  noble  bridge  and  aqueduct  615 
feet  in  height.  It  has  a  massive  citadel,  a  cathedral,  a 
Roman  arch,  remains  of  a  theatre,  and  other  antiquities. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see  of  very  early  date,  and  has  man- 
ufactures of  woollens  and  hats.     Pop.  7033. 

Spoltore,  spol-to'rd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Te 
ramo,  10  miles  E.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  4274. 

Spoon  Hill  (or  Spoon'bill)  Creek  rises  near  the 
E.  boundary  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  southward,  and 
enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  in  Nebraska. 

Spoon  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Bureau  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Stark  co.  into  Peoria.  It  next  flows 
southwestward  through  Knox  co.,  changes  its  course  to  the 
south,  and  intersects  Fulton  co.,  then  flows  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Illinois  River  opposite  Havana.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Sporades,  spor'a-diz  (Gr.  Siropojct,  i.e.,  the  "scat- 
tered" islands),  a  subdivision  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
consisting  of  the  islands  surrounding  the  central  group,  or 
Cyclades,  and  belonging  partly  to  Turkey  and  partly  to 
Greece.  The  Turkish  Sporades  comprise  Crete,  Scarpanto, 
Rhodes,  Cos,  Kalimno,  Patmos,  Nicaria,  Samos,  Scio, 
Mitylene,  Stalimni,  Imbros,  Samothraki,  Thaso,  and  other 
islands  along  the  coasts  of  Asiatic  and  European  Turkey 
The  Greek  Sporades  consist  of  Skiatho,  Skopelo,  Kilidromi, 
Skyros,  ^gina,  Salamis,  Hydra,  Spezzia,  Ac,  besides  a  num- 
ber of  others,  which  are  politically  attached  to  the  nome  of 
the  Cyclades. 

Sport'ing  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Shiremanstown. 

Sporting  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  near 
the  Reading  A  Columbia  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Lancaster. 

Spots'wood,  a  post-village  in  East  Brunswick  towu 
ship,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  South  River,  and  on  the  Cam- 
den A  Amboy  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Hightstown.     It 
has  2  churches,  2  taverns,  and  2  manufactories  of  tobacco. 

Spot'ted  Horse,  a  post-office  of  Fergus  co.,  Montana. 

Spot'tiswood,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Bakersfield. 

Spotts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  od 
Green  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.  About 
900,000  bushels  of  coal  are  mined  here  in  a  year.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Spottsville,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Spottsylvania,  spot-sil-va'ne-a,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Rappahannock,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  North  Anna 
River.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Mattapony  River.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  freestone. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg 
A  Potomac  and  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Spottsylvania  Court-House,  situated  in  the 
central  part  of  the  county,  near  the  Ny  River.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,728;  in  1880,  14,828;  in  1890,  14,233. 

Spottsylvania  Court-House,  a  small  post-village^ 


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capital  of  Spottaylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Po  River,  about  55 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond,  and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Fred- 
erioksburg.  Here  ooourred  an  indecisive  battle  between 
General  Qrant  and  General  Lee,  May,  1864. 

Spont  Spring,  a  station  in  Ross  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Spring- 
field, Jackson  &  Pomeroy  Railroad,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Waverly. 

Spoat  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  an 
academy,  2  churches,  and  3  stores. 

Spout  Springs,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Harnett 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Western  Railroad,  between  Fayetteville 
and  Sanford. 

Spragg's,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles 
S.  of  Waynesburg. 

Sprague,  spraig,  a  township  of  New  London  co..  Conn. 
Pop.  3463.     It  contains  Baltic. 

Spragne,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Frt.acisco  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cuba. 

Sprague,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Washington,  40  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Spokane.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1689. 

Sprague  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  the  S. 
part  of  Oregon,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Klamath 
River  about  3  miles  E.  of  Klamath  Lake. 

Sprague's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co..  Me., 
in  Easton  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Fort  Fairfield.  It  has 
a  starch-factory  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sprague's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  near  the  head  of  Belle  Isle  Bay,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Kingston.     Pop.  250. 

Spragueville,  spraig'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  a  grist-mill. 

Spragueville,  a  hamlet  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  in 
Presque  Isle  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Fairfield. 

Spragueville,  a  village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Stroudsburg.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Analomink 
Post-Office. 

Spragueville,  a  hamlet  of  Smithfield  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Woonasquatucket  River,  IJ  miles 
from  Georgiaville.  It  has  manufactures  of  print-cloths 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  88. 

Spra'ker's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
N.  Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
at  Spraker's  Station,  52  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sprang,  spring,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1633. 

Sprankle's  (sprink'^lz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Pa.,  9  miles  E.  of  Mayville,  and  about  54  miles 
N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill, 
2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spray,  sprS,,  a  station  of  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  SJ  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Spray'town,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind. 

Spread  £agle,  sprSd  ee'g'l,  a  post-village  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Eagle  Station,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Spree,  spri  (ano.  Spre'a),  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in 
the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  flows  N.  and  N.W.  through  the 
Prussian  province  of  Brandenburg,  past  Spremberg,  Cott- 
bus,  LUbben,  and  Berlin,  which  city  it  divides  into  two 
portions,  and  joins  the  Havel  on  the  left  at  Spandau.  Total 
course,  220  miles.  The  Frederick  William  Canal  connects 
it  with  the  Oder. 

Spremberg,  sprfim'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  an  island  in  the  Spree,  15  miles  S.  of  Cottbus. 
Pop.  10,295.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
fabrics,  pottery,  &c. 

Spremburg  (Obbr,  o'b^r,  Nieder,  nee'd^r,  and  Neu, 
noi),  a  village  of  Saxony,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Dresden. 

Sprendlingen,  sprSnt'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
Starkenburg,  circle  of  Offenbach.     Pop.  2793. 

Sprigg,  a  township  forming  the  W.  extremity  of  Adams 
CO.,  0.     Pop.  2086.     It  contains  Bentonville. 

'sPrineenhage,  sprin's^n-h&^Gh^h,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands.     See  Princenhage. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  111.     Pop.  1068. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  96. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  490. 
Post-office,  Cave  Spring. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  2253. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1608. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1522. 
It  contains  Springborough. 


Spring,  a  township  of  Perry  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1492. 

Spring,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of 
Houston. 

Spring  Ar'bor,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Arbor  town- 
ship, Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.     P.  of  the  township,  1123. 

Spring  Arbour,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tilsonburg.  It  contains  2  stores  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Spring  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Dixon  co..  Neb. 

Spring'bank,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.  of  Strathroy.     Pop.  150. 

Spring  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  oo..  111.,  in 
Spring  Bay  township,  2^  miles  from  Mossville  Station,  and 
on  the  Illinois  River,  here  called  Peoria  Lake,  about  10 
miles  above  Peoria.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  brewery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  235 ;  of  the  township,  476. 

Springborough,  spring'biSr-riih,  a  post-village  in 
Clear  Creek  township,  Warren  co.,  0.,  about  16  miles  S.  of 
Dayton,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office,  6  churches,  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
the  Miami  Valley  College,  and  a  carriage-factory.    Pop.  553. 

Springborough,  a  post-borough  in  Spring  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Conneaut  Creek,  near  Spring  Station 
of  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie, 
and  IS  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  hotel, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  carriage- 
factory,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  323. 

Spring  Bluflf,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  has  mineral  springs,  a  large  cheese 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  carpets. 

Spring  BlufT,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Spring  Bluflf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  37 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Portage. 

Spring  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Comal  oo.,  Tex. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  a  church. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Gratiot  oo.,  Mich. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Elma  township,  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and 
a  lumber-mill  on  Cazenovia  Creek. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lackawanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Spring  Brook  township,  on  the  Lehigh  &  Sus- 
quehanna Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Scranton.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  426. 

Spring  Brook,  township,  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1176. 

Spring^brook',  or  MacKen'zie's  Corner,  a  post- 
village  in  Rawdon  township,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  hotelt, 
3  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.  There  are  6  churches  and  6 
cheese- factories  in  the  township.     Pop.  200. 

Springbrook,  Wellington  co.,  Ontario.   See  Wyandot. 

Spring  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa., 
5  miles  from  Apollo,  and  about  14  miles  S.  of  Kittanning. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  City,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nov.,  57 
miles  N.  of  Winnemucca.  It  has  about  75  houses.  Silver 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  900. 

Spring  City,  or  Spring'ville,  a  post-borough  in 
East  Vincent  township,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill 
River,  opposite  Royer's  Ford,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A 
Reading  Railroad  (at  Royer's  Ford  Station),  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  stove- foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  manufactory  of  wood 
paper,  a  tile-factory,  Ac.  The  name  of  its  post-offioe  ia 
Spring  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  1113  ;  in  1890,  1797. 

Spring  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Rhea  Springs. 
It  has  a  church. 

Spring  City,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  near 
the  W.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  about  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Manti.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  2  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  989  ;  in  1890, 1044. 

Spring  Cot'tage,  a  post-offioe  of  Marion  co..  Miss. 

Spring  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southward  through  Early 
and  Miller  cos.,  and  enters  the  Flint  River  in  Decatur  co., 
about  4  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Spring  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Ford  co.,  runs  north- 
eastward in  Iroquois  co.,  and  enters  the  Iroquois  River 
about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Watseka. 

Spring  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Putnam  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Chariton  River  in  Adair  oo 


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Spring  Creek,  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  runs  northward,  and 
enters  Bald  Eagle  Creek.     Bellefonte  is  on  Spring  Creek. 

Spring  Creek)  Texas,  runs  nearly  eastward,  forms  the 
N.  boundary  of  Harris  co.,  and  enters  the  San  Jacinto 
River  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Spring  Creek,  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  enters  the  Colorado 
River  from  the  W.,  opposite  Austin  City. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo.,  Ark.,  about  25 
mil-es  W.N.W.  of  Helena.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  schools. 

Spring  Creek,  Iroquois  co.,  111.    See  Del  Ret. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  111.     P.  1009. 

Spring  Creek,  township.  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.  P.  680. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa, 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marshalltown.     Pop.  713. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
35  miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Coflfey  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  376. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     P.  218. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  220.     Post-office,  Collins. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Saline  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
227,  exclusive  of  Brookville. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Red  Wing. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Dent  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1281. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  386. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Howell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  448. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Maries  oo..  Mo.    P.  244. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Phelps  co..  Mo., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  is  drained  by  a 
creek  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1119. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana,  on  the  Missouri  River. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb., 
about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Spring  Creek,  post-township,  Madison  co.,  N.C.  P.  944. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.    P.  1606. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  357. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Creek  town- 
ship, AVarren  co..  Pa.,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on 
the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Corry, 
and  22  miles  W.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  tannery.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1116. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn., 
I3i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Throckmorton  co.,  Tex. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
7  miles  W.  of  Mount  Crawford.  It  has  a  tannery  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Wis. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.   P.  1049. 

Spring'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
10  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  an  institution  called  Springdale  College  (Baptist). 

Springdale,  a  mining-camp  of  Boulder  oo..  Col.,  12 
miles  from  Boulder.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  saw-mill,  a  smelting- 
furnace,  and  a  mineral  spring.     Tellurium  is  found  here. 

Springdale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stamford  township, 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Stamford.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Springdale,  a  pos(-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles 
from  Pierceville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Springdale,  a  post-village  in  Springdale  township. 
Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Iowa  City,  and  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  carriage-factory.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1481. 

Springdale,  Kansas.     See  Alexandria. 

Springdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  6  miles  above  Maysville. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Wexford  oo.,  Mich. 

Springdale,  township.  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  ISO. 

Spring  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Oxford.     It  contains  an  academy  and  a  church. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co..  Neb. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Springdale,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  Glendale  Station,  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  wagon- 
shops.     Pop.  382. 

Springdale,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River  and  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 


Spring  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Springdale,  a  post-township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  aboul 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.  Pop.  1018.  It  contains  a 
village  named  Mount  Vernon. 

Springe,  spring'^h,  a  town  of  Hanover,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Hanover.     Pop.  2392. 

Spring'erton,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  <k  Mississippi  Railroad,  at 
Springer  Station,  14  miles  S.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Spring'field,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries, 
on  the  Sark,  9  miles  E.  of  Annan,  and  adjoining  Gretna 
Green. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Conway  co.,  Ark.,  about 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  medicinal  spring 

Springfield,  a  mining-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
about  52  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a  church. 
Gold  is  found  here. 

Springfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baoa  co..  Col, 
64  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  La  Junta,  and  48  miles  S.  of 
Lamar.  It  has  a  drug- store,  a  lumber-mill,  and  several 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Springfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Effingham  co., 
Ga.,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  a  court-house, 
2  churches,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  32. 

Springfield,  a  city,  capital  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  and 
seat  of  justice  of  Sangamon  co.,  is  situated  4  miles  S.  of 
the  Sangamon  River,  96  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  80 
miles  S.  of  Peoria,  and  185  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  Lat. 
39°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  33'  W.  It  is  regularly  planned,  with 
wide,  straight  streets,  having  a  public  square,  in  the  centre 
of  which  stands  the  court-house,  surrounded  on  four  sides 
by  massive  blocks  of  business  houses.  The  city  contains 
the  State-house,  one  of  the  finest  public  buildings  in  the 
Union,  costing  $5,000,000,  a  state  arsenal,  a  handsome  and 
substantial  post-office  and  court-house,  which  cost  $300,000, 
a  fine  city  hall,  several  first-class  hotels,  40  churches,  2  col- 
leges, 2  academies,  3  convents,  2  insurance  companies,  and 
7  banks.  Five  daily  and  8  weekly  newspapers  and  2  month- 
lies are  published  here.  Springfield  became  the  seat  of  the 
state  government  in  1837,  and  in  1840  was  made  a  city.  It 
is  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  at  its  intersection  with 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Springfield 
division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  A  branch  of 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad  nlso  passes 
through  it,  and  it  is  entered  by  the  Jacksonville  South- 
eastern Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Here  are  5 
iron-foundries,  3  steam  flouring-mills,  2  manufactories  of 
woollen  goods,  1  of  watches  (employing  500  hands),  3 
planing-mills,  a  paper-mill,  and  large  iron-works  (employ- 
ing about  600  men),  boiler-works,  furniture-factory,  and 
immense  shale  paving-brick  plants,  besides  a  large  number 
of  other  manumcturing  establishments. 

Springfield  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies,  overlying 
large  quantities  of  bituminous  coal,  and  12  coal-shafts 
are  operated  on  its  outskirts.  The  machine-shops  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad  are  located  here,  and  here  are  the  fine 
commodious  buildings  of  the  Illinois  State  Fair,  surrounded 
by  ample  grounds.  The  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and 
a  board  of  14  aldermen,  which  acts  in  the  capacity  of  a 
city  council.  It  has  gas  and  electric-light  works,  a  paid 
fire  department,  20  miles  of  electric  street-railway,  25  miles 
of  paved  streets,  several  parks,  and  an  ample  supply  of 
good  water  from  the  Sangamon  River.  It  is  the  head- 
quarters of  no  less  than  10  national  live-stock  associations, 
and  is  credited  with  being  the  greatest  live-stock  centre  in 
the  United  States. 

Springfield  is  memorable  as  having  been  the  residence 
of  Abraham  Lincoln,  sixteenth  president  of  the  United 
States ;  and  in  the  beautiful  Oak  Ridge  Cemetery  rest  his 
remains  within  the  crypt  of  the  national  monument  erected 
to  his  memory  at  a  cost  of  $264,000.  Pop.  in  1850,  4533  ; 
in  1860,  9320;  in  1870,  17,364;  in  1880,  19,743;  in  1890, 
24,963 ;  present  pop.  about  32,000. 

Springfield,  a  post-township  in  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  1224. 

Springfield,  a  hamlet  in  Springfield  township,  La 
Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Big  Turkey  River,  10  miles  E.  of 
La  Grange.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.  Here  is 
Brushy  Prairie  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  928. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa. 

Springfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Ky.,  about  52  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington,  and  60  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Louisville.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  » 
national  bank,  and  a  Catholic  female  seminary.     Pop.  750. 


SPR 


2521 


SPR 


Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  parish,  La., 
•n  a  navigable  river,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Or- 
leans, and  9  miles  N.  of  Lake  Maurepas.  It  has  2  oharches 
and  several  mills.     It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  live-oak. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in 
Springfield  township,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches. 

Springfield,  a  poat-ofSce  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad,  27i  miles  S.W.  of 
Baltimore. 

Springfield,  a  city  and  seat  of  justice  of  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  at  the  intersection  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
Hartford,  New  York  <fc  New  England,  and  Connecticut 
River  Railroads  with  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  98 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston,  58  miles  S.  of  Brattleborough, 
Vt.,  102  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany,  and  138  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  York.  Lat.  42°  6'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  72°  35'  45"  W. 
This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  flourishing  inland 
towns  in  the  state.  The  various  railways  centring  here 
bring  to  it  an  immense  amount  of  travel;  its  natural 
advantages  also  render  it  one  of  the  most  important  com- 
mercial depots  on  the  Connecticut.  The  city  is  pleasantly 
situated  in  the  midst  of  varied  and  delightful  scenery.  The 
Bite  comprises  the  level  along  the  river-bank,  and  the  W. 
portion  of  an  elevated  plain  extending  several  miles  E. 
Main  street,  the  principal  thoroughfare  and  seat  of  business, 
is  a  broad,  handsome  avenue,  over  3  miles  in  length.  This 
and  other  streets,  parallel  or  nearly  parallel  to  it  and  to  the 
river,  are  intersected  by  those  extending  from  the  Connec- 
ticut to  the  plain  above  mentioned.  In  the  centre  is  a 
beautiful  enclosure,  adorned  with  walks  and  shade-trees. 
The  buildings  are  generally  constructed  of  brick.  Among 
the  public  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  city  hall,  a 
court-house  of  granite,  city  library,  high-school  house,  and 
the  churches,  of  which  there  are  36  of  the  various  denomi- 
nations. The  city  contains  15  banks,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $3,600,000,  4  savings-banks,  and  4  insurance 
companies.  There  are  a  large  number  of  hotels  in  Spring- 
field, affording  excellent  accommodation  to  the  traveller. 
The  means  of  education  are  liberally  provided,  and  tne 
public  schools  generally  are  in  a  very  flourishing  condition. 
Four  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  and  2  monthly  maga- 
zines are  published  here.  The  United  States  Armory, 
established  at  Springfield  in  1795,  is  the  most  extensive  in 
the  Union,  and  is  chiefly  situated  on  an  eminence  called 
Armory  Hill,  about  i  mile  E.  of  Main  street.  The  build- 
ings are  of  brick,  and  are  arranged  around  a  fine  square 
of  over  30  acres.  The  arsenal  tower  commands  a  beautiful 
view  of  the  city  and  surrounding  country.  The  machine- 
Bhops  occupy  a  site  on  Mill  River,  about  a  mile  S.  of  the 
armory  proper.  During  the  civil  war  the  armory  furnished 
employment  to  about  2800  hands,  making  nearly  1000 
muskets  per  day,  but  generally  about  450  men  are  employed 
in  it.  About  276,000  stand  of  arms  are  constantly  stored 
in  the  arsenal.  The  water-power  of  Mill  River  is  also 
employed  for  various  mills  and  mechanical  works.  Spring- 
field has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  rail- 
road-cars, engines,  machinery,  buttons,  pistols,  spectacles, 
carriages,  paper,  furniture,  trunks,  cards,  picture- frames, 
bricks,  locks,  and  jewelry.  The  capital  of  its  industries, 
as  given  in  the  census  of  1890,  was  $10,524,457,  and  the 
product  $16,191,456.  The  city  is  lighted  with  gas  and 
electricity,  and  supplied  with  pure  water  from  Ludlow,  10 
miles  distant,  by  works  costing  $1,646,000.  The  capacity 
of  the  main  storage  reservoir  is  2,132,817,000  gallons. 
Four  bridges,  one  for  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  the 
others  for  ordinary  travel,  here  cross  the  Connecticut  and 
connect  the  city  with  West  Springfield  and  Agawam.  Three 
of  these  bridges,  including  the  double-tracked  railroad 
bridge,  are  of  iron ;  the  other  is  the  old  wooden  bridge, 
1324  feet  long.  The  electric  street-railway  has  9  branches 
and  about  25  miles  of  tracks.  Forest  Park,  with  over  350 
acres,  part  wooded  and  part  highly  cultivated,  was  recently 
given  to  the  city,  and  is  being  improved  yearly.  This  place 
was  settled  in  1635,  under  its  Indian  name,  Agatoam.  In 
1640  it  received  the  name  of  Springfield.  It  was  incor- 
porated as  a  city  in  1852.  Pop.  in  1840,  10,958;  in  1850, 
11,766;  in  1860,  16,199;  in  1870,  26,703;  in  1880,  33,340; 
in  1890,  44,179. 

Springfield,  Brown  co.,  Minn.    See  Burns. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

Springfield,  a  city  of  Missouri,  the  capital  of  Greene 
CO.,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Francisco  Railroad,  242  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Carthage.  It  is  the  most  important 
and  populous  town  of  Southwestern  Missouri.  It  contains 
169 


a  court-house,  12  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  daily  and  8  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  the  seat  of  Drury  College  (Congregational), 
which  was  organized  in  1873  and  has  13  instructors  and 
over  300  students.  Springfield  has  a  manufactory  of  ma- 
chinery, engines,  and  boilers,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  cotton- 
mill  which  cost  $100,000.     P.  in  1880,  6522;  in  1890,  21,850. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.     P.  1896. 

Springfield,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Springfield  township,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  781. 

Springfield,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     P.  1761. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township. 
Union  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Milburn  Station,  about  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Newark. 
It  is  on  the  Rahway  River,  near  the  Morris  &  Essex  Rail- 
road. It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  pasteboard,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  959. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.     The  town- 
ship has  a  larger  village,  named  Springfield  Centre,  and 
comprises  the  northern  part  of  Otsego  Lake.     Hops  consti 
tute  one  of  its  staple  products.     Pop.  of  township,  1945. 

Springfield,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Springfield  Store. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2111. 

Springfield,  a' beautiful  city  of  Ohio,  the  capital  of 
Clark  CO.,  is  situated  on  Mad  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Lagonda 
Creek,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  45  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Columbus.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  rich  and  highly  cultivated  country,  is  the 
terminus  of  13  macadamized  free  turnpikes,  and  is  an 
important  railroad  centre.  It  is  connected  with  the  chief 
towns  of  Ohio  by  the  following  railroads :  the  Cleveland, 
Columbus,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  (main  line),  two  divisioas 
of  which,  the  Peoria  and  Sandusky,  end  here;  the  Erie, 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis,  and  the  Ohio  Southern. 
Springfield  is  the  seat  of  Wittenberg  College  (Lutheran), 
founded  in  1846  and  having  16  instructors,  about  300  stu- 
dents, and  a  library  of  8000  volumes ;  and  also  the  seat  of 
the  Springfield  Seminary  for  young  women.  The  city 
contains  a  court-house,  35  churches,  including  the  only 
"  institutional"  church  in  a  city  of  its  size,  the  Lagonda 
Avenue  Congregational,  ten  public-school  buildings,  in- 
cluding a  high  school,  a  public  library,  a  savings-bank,  5 
building  and  loan  associations,  6  national  banks  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $1,500,000,  several  publishing  concerns, 
and  printing-offices  issuing  3  daily  and  several  weekly 
newspapers  and  three  monthly  magazines.  It  has  also 
extensive  manufactures  of  reapers,  mowers,  and  other  farm- 
ing implements,  machinery,  flour,  iron-castings,  carriages, 
Ac,  the  value  of  the  products  reaching  over  $2,000,000 
annually.  It  has  water-works,  electric  lights,  natural  and 
illuminating  gas,  and  an  electric  street-oar  system.  The 
State  Homes  of  the  Masonic,  Odd  Fellows,  and  Pythian 
Orders,  all  having  fine  buildings  and  beautiful  grounds,  are 
located  in  this  city.  Pop.  in  1860,  7002;  in  1870,  12,652; 
in  1880,  20,730;  in  1890,  31,895;  in  1894,  34,000. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop. 
7975.     It  contains  Springdale,  Greendale,  and  Hartwell. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  Pop.  2085. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.     P.  1981. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  at  the 
junction  of  two  forks  of  the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the 
Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Eugene  City. 
It  has  abundant  water-power,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township, 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.,  and  2 
miles  E.  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  The  township 
has  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1455. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2551. 

Springfield,  a  village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  West 
Nantmeal  township,  on  the  Wilmington  A  Reading  Rail- 
road, 20J  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  3  stores.    Here  is  Blue  Rock  Post-Office. 

Springfield,  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.    See  Big  Spring. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1772.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  A  West  Ches- 
cer  Railroad. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1742. 
See  North  Springfield  and  West  Springfield. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     P.  1629. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  P.  738. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D., 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Tyndall.  It  has  a  bank, 
lumber-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  in  an  agricult- 
ural region.     Pop.  in  1890.  302. 


SPR 


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SPK 


Springfield)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Robertson  co,, 
Tenn.,  on  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nash- 
ville. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  3  churches, 
distilleries,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  whisky.     Pop.  1500. 

Springfield,  a  village,  capital  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Navasota  River,  and  near  the  Houston  <fc  Texas 
Central  Railroad,  about  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Palestine,  and 
48  miles  N.  of  Hearne. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  about  37  miles  S.E.  of 
Rutland,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Claremont,  N.H.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  hotel,  a  cotton-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  machinery,  toys,  ploughs,  churns,  Ac. 
The  Black  River  flows  through  picturesque  scenery  near 
this  place,  and  falls  about  50  feet  at  one  vertical  cataract. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1512;  of  the  township,  2881.  Springfield 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River. 

Springfield,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Alexandria, 

Springfield,  a  hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  on  the  South 
Fork  of  Shenandoah  River,  3  miles  from  Luray.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  store.     Here  is  Hope  Mills  Post-Office. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Dane  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  1392. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.     P.  1032. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Marquette  oo..  Wis.  P.  309. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.    P.  680. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township,  Wal- 
worth CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Elkhorn.     It  has  a  church. 

Springfield,  or  Belleisle  (bfil-ile')  Corner,  a  post- 
village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  Belle 
Isle  Bay,  10  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  300. 

Springfield,  or  Clu'nas,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Thomas  West.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Springfield,  Peel  co.,  Ontario,     See  Credit. 

Springfield  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Springfield 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  E.  of  Richfield  Springs, 
and  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  is  near 
the  N,  end  of  Otsego  Lake.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Springfield  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  oo., 
Wis.,  about  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Springfield  Furnace,  Blair  co..  Pa.     See  Mines. 

Springfield  Junction,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Williamsburg  Branch  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Springfield  Branch,  12  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg. 

Springfield  Store,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jamaica  town- 
ship. Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Soathside  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Rockaway  Railroad,  and  at  Springfield 
Station,  15  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Ingersoll.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Spring  Forge,  or  Spring  Grove,  a  post-village  in 
Jackson  township,  York  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  paper-mill.    Pop.  250.    Its  post-office  is  Spring  Forge. 

Spring  Garden,  Alabama.    See  Ambersonville. 

Spring  Gar'den,  a  post-office  of  Garland  co.,  Ark.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Hot  Springs. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Garden 
township,  Jeff'erson  co..  111.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Duquoin.  It'  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  and  2  other 
stores.     Pop.  205. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
at  Springville  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Columbia,  and  1  mile  W.  by  N.  of  Mount  Joy. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  Garden,  a  former  district  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  city  proper,  and  extend- 
ing from  Sixth  street  westward  to  the  Schuylkill  River, 
and  from  Vine  street  northward  to  a  line  running  between 
Girard  Avenue  and  Poplar  street. 

Spring  Garden,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.     P.  3040. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Spring  Green,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Spring  Green,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Green  town- 
ship,  Sauk    CO.,   Wis.,  on  the   Chicago,   Milwaukee  &  St. 


Paul  Railroad,  36i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison,  and  about 
1  mile  N.  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  which  is  the  southern 
boundary  of  the  township.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  422 ;  of  the  township,  1049. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Or.ange  co.,  Fla. 

Spring  Grove,  a  ^post-hamlet  in  Spring  Grove  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Monmouth.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1425. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-townsbip  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Marion.     Pop.  927. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ky. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn., 
in  Spring  Grove  township,  about  34  miles  S.  of  Winona,  anij 
27  miles  S.AV.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1306. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  oo..  Mo.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Marshfield. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harlan  co..  Neb.,  48 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  line  of  Rowan  co.,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Spring  Grove,  or  Winton  Place,  a  village  of 
Hamilton  co.,  0.,  7  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad  and  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <&  Dayton  Railroad. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  East  Earl  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Spring  Grove,  York  co.,  Pa.     See  Spring  Forge. 

Spring  Grove,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  2477. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C, 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Spring  Grove,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     P.  1 238, 

Spring  Harbor,  Michigan.    See  Boyne. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  <t  Spring  Hill  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Mobile.  It 
is  the  seat  of  St.  Joseph's  College  (Catholic).  Here  are  the 
water-works  for  Mobile. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hempstead  oo.,  Ark.,^ 
about  50  miles  W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo.,  Fla.,  about  35 
miles  E.  of  Tampa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Portland  township, 
Whitesides  co.,  HI.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sterling,  and 
1  mile  S.  of  Rock  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Fugit  township,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a 
church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  station  in  Vigo  co,,  Ind.,  on  the  Evans- 
ville  &  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Terre 
Haute  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Winterset  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  21^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  college  or  seminary. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Hill  township, 
Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A 
Gulf  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Olathe,  and  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  about  450;  of  the  township,  1187. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  township, 
Barnstable  eo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  64  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  i  mile  from  Cape  Cod  Bay.  It 
has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  417. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.W,  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  2  stores. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana, 
at  the  base  of  Ross'  Peak.     It  has  grist-  and  lumber-mills. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  636. 

Spring  Hill,  Fulton  co.,  0.    See  Tbdrow. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tuscarora  township, 
Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Soranton.  It  has 
a  church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    Here  is  South  Avenue  Post-Office. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     P.  1644. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     P.  1484. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.    P.  1142. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  6 
miles  S.  of  Alston.     It  has  a  church. 


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Spring  Hill)  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.  See  Estill  Springs. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Maury  oc,  Tenn.,  on 

the  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with  Columbia,  30 

miles  S.  of  Nashville.     It  contains  several  churches  and  a 

female  academy.     Pop.  about  600. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Navarro  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
Richland  Creek,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Spring  Hill,  a  village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  W. 
of  Fort  Defiance.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Long  Glade 
Post-Office. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Chase  City. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-oflBce  of  Eanawba  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Ihe  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5^  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post- village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  John,  5  miles  above  Frederic- 
ton.     It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.  Pop.  250. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  121  miles  from  Hali- 
fax.    Pop.  120. 

Springhill,  York  co.,  Ontario.    See  King. 

Spring  Hill  Academy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo., 
Tenn.,  8  miles  W.  of  Paris.  Here  are  an  academy  and  a 
church. 

Spring  Hill  Coal-Mines,  a  post-village  in  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Spring  Hill.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  5  stores,  a  hotel,  and  7  saw-mills.  A  com- 
pany is  engaged  in  raising  coal.     Pop.  200. 

Spring  Hill  Depot.    See  Turner's  Statiok. 

Spring  Hills,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  De  Graff,  and  1.3  miles 
N.N.  W.  of  Urbana.     It  has  several  churches.     Pop.  172. 

Spring  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Nash  oo.,  N.C. 

Spring  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
St.  Clair  township. 

Spring  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Spring  House,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Lake  township, 
Ottawa  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  13 
miles  S.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  5  churches,  4  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills, 
and  a  mineral  spring.  It  exports  apples  and  peaches.  Pop. 
1156 ;  of  the  township,  2345.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan. 

Spring  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Minn.,  in  Spring 
Lake  township,  2  miles  from  Prior's  Lake  Station,  and  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Shakopee.  It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 
Here  is  Maple  Glen  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  township,  619. 

Spring  Lake,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  See  Spring  Lakb 
Beach. 

Spring  Lake,  or  Pineville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Con- 
quest township,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Port 
Byron.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
pumps,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Spring  Lake,  a  station  in  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rhinebeok  <fc  Connecticut  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Rhine- 
cliff. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  about 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Bryan. 

Spring  Lake,  a  village  in  Coventry  township,  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  1  mile  from  Washington  Station  of  the  Hartford  4 
Providence  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery  and 
woollen  yarns.     Pop.  68. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Utah  co.,  Utah. 

Spring  Lake,  a  township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.    P.  730. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  in 
Marion  township,  on  a  lake,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Berlin. 

Spring  Lake  Beach,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  Sea  Girt  Station,  11 
miles  S.  of  Long  Branch.  It  has  a  large  hotel  and  about 
25  cottages.  Here  is  a  small  lake,  from  which  the  place 
takes  its  name.  Spring  Lake  Station  on  the  Central  Rail- 
road is  5  miles  S.  of  Ocean  Grove. 

Spring  Lake  Track,  a  station  in  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  St.  Peter. 

Spring  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Spring  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paduoah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  87  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  a  ohurch  and  a  plough-factory. 

Spring  Meadow,  mSd'S,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Bedford,  and  about  27  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Altoona.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Spring  Mill,  a  village  in  White  Marsh  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Read- 


ing Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches,  1  or  2  blast-furnaces,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  William  Penn.    Pop.  in  1890,  959. 

Spring  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Western  Maryland 
Railroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Westminster,  Md. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Gloucester  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Woodbnry.  It  has 
agricultural  works,  an  iron-foundry,  Ac. 

Spring  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  2i 
miles  from  Mil  ford  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y., 
13  miles  S.  of  Andover  Station,  It  has  2  churches  and  ■ 
cheese-factory. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  &  Lake  Michigan,  Baltimore  Ss 
Ohio,  and  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroads, 
5^  miles  N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  ohnrch  and  a  grist- 
miU. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Penn's  Creek,  and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek 
Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lewisburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
about  50  dwellings. 

Spring  Mills,  White  co.,  Tenn.    See  Yankee  Town. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Concord  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Spring  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Camborne. 

Spring  Monnt'ain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  in  the 
W.  part  of  Carbon  co. 

Spring  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  oo., 
0.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Coshocton,  and  about  25  miles  E.  of 
Mount  Vernon.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Place,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Murray  co., 
Ga.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dalton,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  moun- 
tain-scenery, and  has  numerous  springs.  It  contains  3 
churches  and  a  masonic  high  school,  and  has  manufactures 
of  oil  and  of  roofing  for  houses.     Pop.  248. 

Spring  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  Tenn.,  4 
miles  from  Petersburg.    It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Point,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  HI.     P.  833. 

Spring'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Muncie.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Springport,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River. 

Springport,  a  post-village  in  Springport  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lansing  division  of  the  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lansing,  and 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-raill, 
and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  about  400 ;  of  township,  1258. 

Springport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Sardis. 

Springport,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2175.     It  contains  Union  Springs. 

Spring  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Spring 
Prairie  township,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  about  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elkhorn.  It  has  1 
or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1180. 

Spring  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Neb.,  9 
miles  from  Fairfield  Railroad  Station. 

Spring  Ridge,  a  post- village  of  Caddo  parish.  La.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  River  rises  in  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  and  runs 
westward  through  Jasper  co.  into  Kansas.  It  flows  south- 
westward  through  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  and  enters  the 
Neosho  River  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Indian  Territory, 
where  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  Neosho 
River.     It  is  nearly  160  miles  long. 

Spring  River  rises  by  several  branches  in  Howell  and 
Oregon  cos.,  Mo.,  and  passes  into  Fulton  o»..  Ark.  It  runs 
southeastward  through  Sharp  co.,  and  enters  the  Black 
River  about  6  miles  above  Powhatan. 

Spring  River,  township,  Lawrence  oo.,  Mo.    P.  1098. 

Spring  Rock,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
804,  exclusive  of  Wheatland. 

Spring  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fannet  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Springs,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  East 
Hampton  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  8  miles  B.  of  Sag 
Harbor.     It  has  about  60  houses. 

Spring  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 16  miles  S.E.  of  Waterville,     It  has  a  church. 

Springs  Station,  a  post-office  of  Brown  oo.,  111.,  on 


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2524 


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the  Wabash  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Qainoj.  Station  name, 
Perry  Springs. 

Spring  Station^  a  post-village  in  Grass  township, 
Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Bockport  A  South- 
western Railroad,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Eyansrille.  It  has 
2  churches  and  4  stores. 

Spring  Station,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lexington  division  of  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  A,  Lexington  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Lexington. 

Spring'towU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  50 
miles  S.  of  Neosho,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen- 
mill. 

SpringtowU)  a  village  in  Greenwich  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  ISr.J.,  1  mile  from  Greenwich. 

Springtown,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  18 
miles  W.  of  Morristown, 

Springtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  4^  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Phillipsburg.     It  has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Springtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.T.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  (Wallkill  Valley  Branch),  11  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church. 

Springtown,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  8.E.  of  Allentown.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Springtown,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn. 

Springtown,  a  post-village  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  3  dry-goods  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spring'town,  a  post-village  in  Queens  oo..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  14  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  230. 

Springvale,  Union  co.,  111.    See  Springville. 

Spring  Vale,  a  township  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
272,  exclusive  of  Humboldt. 

Spriug'vale,  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

Springvale,  a  post-village  in  Sanford  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Mousam  River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Roches- 
ter Railroad,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  is  finely 
situated  in  a  valley,  and  has  ample  water-power.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  lumber,  and  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4201. 

Springvale,  Norfolk  co.,  Ma^s.    See  Islington. 

Spring  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  oo.,  Mich. 

Spriugvale,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Rum  River.     Pop.  256. 

Springvale,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Springvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamblen  oo.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Russellville  Station. 

Springvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hcrndon. 

Springvale,  a  township  of  Columbia  oo.,  Wis.  P.  770. 

Springvale,  township,  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.     P.  1222. 

Spring'vale,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  oo.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  W.  of  Hagersville.     Pop.  120. 

Spring  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Tuscumbia.     Here  is  a  church. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo..  Ark. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Calaveras  oo.,  Cal.,  17 
miles  N.  of  Milton.    It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Colusa  oo.,  Cal.   P.  860. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  oo..  111.,  29 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Walnut,  and  19  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Ottawa.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lumber-mill,  and  an 
elevator.     It  is  in  a  coal-producing  district.     Pop.  3837. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamilton  township, 
Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on  a  branch  of  the  Weldon  River,  about 
38  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa.  P.  300. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  905,  exclusive  of  Baxter  Springs. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  MoPherson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 18  miles  N.W.  of  Newton.     Pop.  of  township,  237. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post- village  in  Spring  Valley  town- 
ship, Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, 80  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  about  30  miles 
E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house, 
a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
a  pump-factory.     Pop.  about  1200;  of  the  township,  1870. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co..  Miss. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.  P.  251. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co..  Neb. 

Spring  Valley,  Bergen  co.,  N.J.    See  New  Milford. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Ramapo  township, 
Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  <fc  New  York  Rail- 
•■oad  and  the  Piermont  &  Su£fem  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 


road, 31  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery,  a  woollen 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1028. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
New  Caatle  township,  3  miles  from  Sing  Sing.  It  has  a 
church. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Valley  town- 
ship, Greene  co.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the 
Little  Miami  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Xenia,  and  57 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fco.  Pop.  290 ;  of  the  township,  1555. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  in  Buckingham  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  from  Doylestown.  It  bus  a  grist- 
mill, a  store,  and  about  15  houses. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  26 
miles  S.  of  Wytheville.     Near  it  are  3  churches. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  in  Bloom  township,  Richland 
CO.,  Wis.,  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  about  20  houses.  Here 
is  West  Branch  Post-Offiee. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  oo..  Wis., 
about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.    It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  View,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Keya 
Paha  CO.,  Neb.,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ainsworth. 

Spring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  Sc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham.     It  has  3  churches. 

Springville,  a  village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  2  miles 
from  Rohnerville.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Here  is  Slide  Post-Office. 

Springville,  a  post-office  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  Ind.,  about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Linn 
00.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Marion,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 
It  has  several  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Springville,  a  village  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Portsmouth,  0.  It  has  a  church,  a 
distillery,  and  a  tannery. 

Springville,  a  village  of  Red  River  parish.  La.,  1 
mile  E.  of  Coushatta  Chute.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Win- 
chendon  township,  2  miles  from  Winchendon  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  cotton-factory. 

Springville,  a  post- village  in  Cambridge  township, 
Lenawee  oo.,  Mich.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Adrian.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Springville,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.  P.  107. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  oo..  Mo.,  6  miles  from 
Des  Arc. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Montana,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Helena. 

Springville,  New  Jersey.    See  Montana. 

Springville,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Con- 
oord  township,  on  the  Springville  &  Sardinia  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bufiialo.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  2 
grist-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tan- 
nery.    It  has  extensive  water-power.     Pop.  in  1890,  1883 

Springville,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Concord. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  26  miles 
E.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Springville,  Chester  co..  Pa.    See  Spring  City. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  |  of  a 
mile  from  Boiling  Spring,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Springville,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.    See  Spring  Garden. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Springville  township, 
Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Montrose  &  Tunkhannock 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Montrose.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  2  carriage-shops.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1424. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Paris. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Springville,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Utah  Southern  Railroad,  near  the  E.  shore  of  Utah  Lake,  53 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Prove.  J 
It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  2849. 

Springville,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Springville,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  371. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Jeff'erson  township,  Ver- 


SPR 


2525 


SSI 


DOD  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bad  Axe  River,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of 
La  Crosse,  and  about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Viroqua.  It  has  2 
ohurohes.     Pop.  about  150. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  oo.,  On- 
tario, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Peterborough.     Pop.  150. 

Springville^  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  East  River,  10  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  360. 

Spring  Warrior,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Taylor  co.,  Fla. 

Spring'water,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa, 
6  miles  N.  of  Decorah. 

Springwater,  a  township  of  Rook  co.,  Minn.     P.  110. 

Springwater,  a  post-village  in  Springwater  township, 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Springwater  Station  of 
the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  which  is  44 
miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Dansville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2085. 

Springwater,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Springwater,  a  post-township  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis., 
about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.     Pop.  471. 

Spring'wells,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit  River,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  machinery,  and 
tobacco.  Pop,  in  1890,  7790.  Springwells  Post-Offioe  has 
been  changed  to  West  End. 

Spring'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Thomas  oo.,  Ga.,  10^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Thomasville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Sprinkle's  (sprink'^lz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia 
00.,  0.,  in  Walnut  township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Gal- 
lipolis.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sprockhdvel,  sprok^hoV^l,  Nieder,  nee'd^r,  and 
Ober,  o'b^r,  two  villages  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  respectively  1952  and  1542. 

Sprogoe,  spro'go^^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Great  Belt,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nyborg.  It  has  a  light- 
house.    Lat.  65°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  57'  E. 

Sprottau,  sprot'tSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober,  here  joined  by  the 
Sprotta,  and  on  the  railway  to  Glogau.  Pop.  6916.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Sprout  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Cherry  Valley,  and  about  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Spruce,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  about 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Appleton  City.     Pop.  1506. 

Spruce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  oo..  Pa.,  16  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Spruce  Cor'ner,  a  hamlet  in  Ashfield  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Shelburne  Falls.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

Spruce  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Morris  township, 
Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Little  Juniata  River,  and  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Spruce'dale,  a  hamlet  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  4  miles 
from  Putnam. 

Spruce  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Oxford.  It 
has  2  grist-mills. 

Spruce  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Minn.,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Melrose.     Pop.  126. 

Spruce  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  in  Spruce 
Hill  township,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Port  Royal,  and  about  25 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  an  academy.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  889. 

Spruce  Mount,  a  post-office  and  mitaing-camp  of  Elko 
fM>.,  Nov.,  38  miles  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad. 

Spruce  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  33 
miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia. 

Spruce  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Spruce  Vale,  a  hamlet  in  St.  Clair  township,  Colum- 
biana CO.,  0.,  7i  miles  N.  of  East  Liverpool. 

Spruce'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Kelly's 
Corners  Station. 

Spry  Bay,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  oo.  of  Halifax,  on 
the  Atlantic  coast,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Spui,  or  Het  Spui,  hit  spoi,  a  stream  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland.  It  is  a  branch  of  the 
Old  Maas,  separates  the  islands  of  Beyerland  and  Voorn, 
and  falls  into  the  Haringvliet. 

Spurgeon,  sp&r'jan,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  town- 
ship, Pike  CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Boone ville.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches  and  a  mill.     Pop.  200.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Spurgersville,  spQr'gh^rz-vIl,  a  hamlet  of  Tyler  co., 
Tex.  50  miles  from  Beaumont  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


Spur'lockville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Spurn  Head,  a  promontory  on  the  E.  coast  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  East  Riding,  at  the  N.E.  entrance  to  the 
Humber,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Hull,  with  two  light-houses. 

Spurr  Mine,  a  station  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton  <fc 
Ontonagon  Railroad,  38i  miles  W.  of  Marquette,  Mich. 

Spurr  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich. 

Spurr's  Cove,  a  village  adjoining  Fairville,  St.  John 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  3  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contains  S 
steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Spuyten  Duyvil,  spi't'n  di'vil,  a  post-village  of  New 
York  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  the  city  hall  in  New  York. 
It  has  several  iron-foundries.  Spuyten  Duyvil  Post-Office 
is  a  branch  of  the  New  York  post-office. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  a  tidal  channel  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  forming  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Manhattan  Island.  It  extends  from  Hudson  River 
on  the  W.  to  Harlem  River  on  the  E. 

Spy,  spi,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1347. 

Squak,  skwawk,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Squam  (skwdm,  or  An'nisquam)  Bay,  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  between  Cape  Ann  and  Castle  Neck,  extends  inland 
about  4  miles. 

Squam  Lake,  New  Hampshire,  is  about  7  miles  E.  of 
Plymouth,  and  is  partly  in  Grafton  co.,  from  which  it  ex- 
tends into  Carroll  co.  It  is  nearly  8  miles  long  and  4  miles 
wide.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  The  surplus 
water  passes  through  a  short  outlet  into  the  Merrimac  River. 

Squammagonic,  New  Hampshire.    See  Gonic. 

Squamscot  River,  N.H.     See  Exeter  River. 

Sqnan,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.     See  Manasquan. 

Squankum,  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.    See  Williahstown. 

Squaukum,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  See  Lower  Squankuu. 

Squan'nacook,  a  small  river  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Nashua  River  about  10 
miles  E.  of  Fitchburg. 

Square  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn., 
about  5  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Stafford  Springs. 

Squaw,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  764. 

Squaw  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho. 

Squaw  Grove,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.    P.  886. 

Squaw  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  lat.  39°  40'  36"  N., 
Ion.  105°  29'  30"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  11,733  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Squill  ace,  8kwil-l&'oh&  (anc.  Seylace'vm  or  Scyla'- 
cium),  an  episcopal  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  10  milea 
S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     P.  2759.    See  also  Gulf  op  Squillacb. 

Squince,  an  island  of  Ireland.    See  Quince. 

Squinzano,  skwin-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  7  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Lecce.     Pop.  3507. 

Squiresville,  skwirz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Squir'rel  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  El  Paso  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Pueblo  co., 
about  12  miles  below  Pueblo.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Squirrel  Island,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  a  small  island  near 
the  mainland,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bath. 

Squir'rel  River,  of  Marathon  oo..  Wis.,  flows  into  th« 
Little  Wisconsin  River  from  the  right. 

Squog  River,  N.H.    See  Piscataquoo  River. 

Sravana  Belgula,  6r&-v&'n&  b£l-goo'I&,  a  well-built 
village  in  Mysore,  India,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Seringa- 
patam.  There  is  here  a  colossal  statue,  73  feet  high,  of 
Gomuta  Raya,  cut  out  of  the  solid  rock. 

Srebemik,  sri^bfiR-nik'  or  srA^bfiR-neek',  written  also 
Srebernicza,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Zvomik.  Pop.  1500.  Srebemik  is  also  the  name  of  a 
village  23  miles  S.  of  Zvomik.  Both  have  silver-mines  in 
their  vicinity. 

Sredne  Kolymsk,  srdd'ni  ko-limsk',  a  town  of  East 
Siberia,  province  of  Yakootsk,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Koly- 
ma, 150  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.    P.  590. 

Srigundi,  sre-giln'de,  or  Srigonda,  sre-gon'df,  a 
town  of  India,  Ahmednuggur  district.     Pop.  6175. 

Srimenanti,  sre-m&-nin'tee,  a  petty  state  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  103°  E.,  N.  of  Johore  and  Rum- 
bowe.  Estimated  pop.  8000,  who  send  tin,  sapan-wood, 
wax,  rattans,  and  rice  to  the  British  settlement  of  Malacca. 

Sri  Muttra,  sree  milt'tr^,  a  town  of  India,  48  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Gwalior. 

Srinagar,  India.    See  Serinagur. 

Sse-Nan-Fou,  China.     See  Se-Nan. 

Sse-Tching-Foo,  a  town  of  China.    See  Se-Tchiks. 

Sse-Tchouan,  or  Sse-Tchuan.    See  Se-Chuek. 

Ssimperk,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Schilbberg. 


SSJ 


2526 


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Si^edletz,  Russia.    See  Sibdlgc. 

Ssosh,  a  rirer  of  Russia.     See  Sozh. 

Ssurash)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soorazh. 

St.  John.  See  Saint  John.  St.  Louis.  See  Saint 
Louis;  and  so  for  all  other  names  having  the  prefix  St. 
or  Saint. 

Staab,  or  Staat,  Bohemia.    See  Stab. 

Staatsboygden,  st&ts'boig-d^n,  a  village  of  Norway, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Trondhjem,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  fiord. 

Staatsburg,  stits'burg,  a  post-village  in  Hyde  Park 
township,  Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on 
the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  84  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Staby  or  Staaby  st3.b  (Bohemian,  Stoda,  sto'd&),  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  11  miles  S'W,  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1834. 

Stabio,  st3,'be-o,  or  Stabbio,  st&b'be-o  (ano.  Stahu- 
lum  ?),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Tioino,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lugano.     Pop.  1813. 

Sta'blersTille,  a  post-bamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Stabroek,  or  Stabroeck,  st&'brook,  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, province  and  8  miles  N.N.  W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2336. 

Staoroek,  a  town  of  Guiana.     See  Geoegetown. 

Staceyville,  a  plantation  of  Penobscot  oo,,  Me.  P.  138. 

Stachelberg,  stiK'§l-bARG\  a  mountain  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Glarus,  at  the  foot  of  which,  in  the  Linth 
Valley,  is  a  bathing-establishment,  which  has  recently  risen 
into  repute. 

Stachir^  the  ancient  name  of  the  Gambia. 

Sta'cy,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chisago  oo.,  Minn., 
on  the  Lake  Superior  <&  Mississippi  Railroad,  34  miles  N. 
of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church. 

Sta'cyville,  a  post-village  in  Stacyville  township, 
Mitchell  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Little  Cedar  River,  about  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Osage.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Stad-aan-t'Haringvliet,  st&t-|nt-h3,'ring-fleet\  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  in  the  island 
of  Overflakkee,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Briel,  on  the  Haringvliet. 

Stadacona,  sti-dik'o-ni,  a  village  in  Quebec  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  St.  Charles,  3  miles  from  Quebec.  It  con- 
tains 3  ship-yards  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop.  500.  An 
Indian  village  named  Stadacona  occupied  the  site  of  Quebec. 

Stade,  sti'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
Schwinge,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Elbe,  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Hamburg,  Pop.  8758.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  normal 
school,  and  manufactures  of  various  kinds. 

Stadt-am-Hof,  st8,tt-lm-h5f  (anc.  Riparia  ?),  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palatinate,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
Danube,  here  joined  by  the  Regen,  and  opposite  Ratisbon, 
with  which  it  is  united  by  a  long  stone  bridge.     Pop.  2906. 

StadtbergCf  Prussia.    See  Marsberg. 

Stadtel  £nzersdorf,  Austria.    See  Enzersdorf. 

St^ldterdorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania.   See  Resinab. 

Stadthagen,  st&tt'bi-ghQn,  a  walled  town  of  Germany, 
in  Schaumburg-Lippe,  9  miles  N.E.  of  BUckeburg,  on  the 
Hanover  A  Minden  Railway.  Pop.  3203.  It  has  a  castle 
and  a  ducal  mausoleum. 

Stadt-Ilm,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Ilm. 

Stadtlohn,  st9,tt'l5n,  or  Stadtloen,  st&tt'Ion,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Miinster.  Pop. 
2051.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  &o. 

Stadtoldendorf,  stitt^l'd^n-doRr,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Brunswick,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Holzminden.  Pop. 
2313.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 

Stadt-Sulza,  stitt-sQ31t'sl,  a  town  of  Saxe- Weimar, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  1921. 

Staeden,  sti'den,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders, 
18  miles  S.S.W.'of  Bruges.     Pop.  4434. 

Stafa,  or  Staefa,  sti'fi,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  N.  shore  of  its  lake. 
Pop.  3841. 

Staffa,  staffa,  a  small  island,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebri- 
des, in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  from  6  to  8  miles  W.  of 
Mull.  It  is  of  an  irregular  oval  shape,  about  IJ  miles  in 
circumference.  It  is  composed  of  a  ledge  of  rocks  of  con- 
glomerated trap  or  tufa,  to  which  succeeds  a  columnar  ba- 
salt, which  is  covered  by  a  mass  of  shapeless  basalt  with 
small  columns  interspersed  through  it.  The  whole  facade  of 
the  island,  and  the  arches  and  floorings  of  the  caves,  strongly 
resemble  architectural  designs.  The  coast  is  indented  with 
osverns,  of  which  the  most  remarkable  is  Fingal's  Cave,  the 
opening  into  which  is  a  magnificent  archway  66  feet  high 
at  mean  tide,  supporting  a  massive  entablature  of  30  feet 
additional,  and  receding  227  feet  inwards,  the  entire  front, 
as  well  as  the  great  cavernous  sides,  being  composed  of 
countless  complicated  ranges  of  gigantic  columns,  beauti- 


fully jointed  and  of  most  symmetrical  though  varied  forms. 
A  deeply-channelled  fissure,  parallel  to  the  sides,  extends 
along  the  whole  length  of  the  ceiling,  which  is  ornamented 
by  pendent  clusters  of  columns,  whitened  with  calcareous 
stalagmite.  The  water  at  the  entrance  is  18  feet  deep,  at 
the  inner  extremity  about  9  feet.  There  are  several  other 
caves  along  the  coast  of  the  island,  of  which  the  most  note- 
worthy is  called  Clam-Shell  Cave,  30  feet  in  height,  from  16 
to  18  feet  broad,  and  130  feet  long. 

Staf  fa,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  2i  miles 
from  Carronbrook.  It  contains  3  stores  and  a  flouring- 
mill. 

Stafielstein,  stlf  f^l-stine^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Lauter,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bamberg,  on  the  Nuremberg  & 
Hof  Railway.     Pop.  1665. 

StaPford,  or  Staffordshire,  staffgrd-shir,  an  inland 
county  of  England,  having  E.  Derbyshire,  N.  Cheshire,  W. 
Shropshire,  and  S.  the  oos.  of  Warwick  and  Worcester, 
Area,  1145  square  miles.  Pop.  (1891)  1,083,408.  Its  N.E. 
corner  is  chiefly  moorland,  rising  in  some  places  to  1200  and 
1600  feet  above  the  sea,  and  continues  N.  with  the  high- 
lands separating  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire.  The  centre 
of  the  county  is  level  or  undulating ;  in  the  S,  it  is  again 
hilly.  The  Trent  rises  in  this  county,  intersects  its  centre, 
and  then  with  the  Dove  forms  all  the  E.  boundary.  Mining 
and  manufactures  are  more  important  than  agriculture,  and 
this  county  ranks  among  the  first  in  England  for  manufac- 
turing industry.  Very  productive  coal-fields  exist  in  both 
the  N.  and  S.,  where  are  the  extensive  iron-manufactures 
of  Wolverhampton,  Wednesbury,  Walsall,  Tipton,  Bilston, 
and  Dudley ;  and  around  Stoke-upon-Trent  and  Burslem 
is  the  district  of  the  potteries.  The  iron  goods  made  com- 
prise all  articles,  from  nails  to  steam  machinery.  Copper, 
lead,  limestone,  sandstone,  marble,  alabaster,  and  pottery- 
clay  are  important  mineral  products ;  and  around  Cheadle 
there  are  extensive  copper-  and  brass-works.  In  addition 
to  all  kinds  of  earthenwares,  silks,  cotton,  ale,  glass,  car- 
pets, hats,  boots,  shoes,  and  chemical  products  are  made. 
Nearly  all  parts  of  Staffordshire  are  intersected  by  canals  and 
railways.  It  contains  the  city  of  Lichfield,  and  the  borougha 
of  Stafford,  Walsall,  Tamwortb,  Wolverhampton,  Newcastle- 
under-Lyme,  Stoke-upon-Trent,  and  Dudlej',  besides  nearly 
20  market-towns  and  upwards  of  1000  villages  and  ham- 
lets. Exclusive  of  boroughs,  it  sends  four  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Stafford,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Sow,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Birmingham.  Pop.  20,270.  It  is  irregularly  but  neatly 
built.  In  the  centre  of  its  main  street  is  the  market- 
square,  with  the  county  hall,  and  near  this  are  the  2  parish 
churches.  The  other  chief  edifices  are  the  castle,  the  county 
jail,  lunatic  asylum,  general  infirmary,  and  grammar- 
school.  Shoes  and  leather  are  largely  made.  The  town 
sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Stafford,  staf  f9rd,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  792  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  two  railroad  lines.  Capital,  St.  John.  Pop.  in  1890, 
8520. 

Stafford,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  345  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rappa- 
hannock, and  is  pajrtly  drained  by  Acquia  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  not  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  A  Potomac  Railroad. 
Capital,  Stafford  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  6420;  in 
1880,  7211 ;  in  1890,  7362. 

Stafford,  a  post-town  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  watered  by 
the  head-streams  of  the  Willimantic  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Willimantic,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It 
contains  several  manufacturing  villages,  the  most  impor- 
tant of  which  are  Stafford  (or  Stafford  Furnace),  Stafford 
Springs,  Staffordville,  and  West  Stafford.  The  village  of 
Stafford,  or  Stafford  Furnace,  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  several 
stores,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop.  of  the  town  in  1880 
4455 ;  in  1890,  4535. 

Stafford,  a  post-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Kansas,  39  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S,  of  Hutchinson,  and  8  miles  E.  of  St.  John. 
It  has  a  bank,  2  newspapers,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
It  is  in  a  grain-  and  stock-raising  district-     Pop.  640. 

Stafford,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Staf- 
ford township,  on  Black  Creek,  and  on  2  railroads  5i  miles 
E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
which  contains  Roanoke  and  Morganville,  1818. 

Stafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  3 


ai'A 


2527 


STA 


ehurohes,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
town  hall,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Stafford,  a  post-village  of  Fort  Bend  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Houston. 

Stafford,  a.  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  47 
miles  from  Sand  Point.     Pop.  100. 

Stafford  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Stafford  oo.,  Va.,  2i  miles  from  Brooke's  Station,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  73  miles  N.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church. 

Stafford  Point,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La, 

Staffordshire,  England.    See  Stafford. 

Stafford  Springs,  a  post-borough  in  Stafford  town- 
ehip,  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  at  the  junction  of  the  head-streams 
of  the  Willimantio  River,  and  on  the  New  London  North- 
ern Railroad,  .37  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norwich,  and  about  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  national 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  large  hotel  especially  designed 
for  summer  boarders,  a  newspaper  office,  2  cotton-mills,  and 
4  woollen-mills.  Here  are  mineral  springs  which  have  for 
many  years  been  resorted  to  on  account  of  the  medicinal 
quality  of  the  waters.    Pop.  in  1880,  2081 ;  in  1890,  2363. 

Stafford  Store,  a  post-office  of  Stafford  co.,  Va. 

Staffordsville,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Dublin.  It  haa  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Staf  fordville,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Staflbrd  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Stafford  Springs.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  iron-foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  woollen- 
mills  which  produce  cassimeres,  &o. 

Stafford ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Tuckerton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tuokerton.  It  has 
a  church. 

Stage  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla. 

Stageton,  staj't^n,  a  station  in  Pickaway  oo.,  0.,  on 
the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Stagg's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  861. 

Stagira,  the  ancient  name  of  Stayros. 

Stag  Island,  or  He  anx  Cerfs,  eel  o  sdRf,  a  small 
island  in  the  river  St.  Clair,  5  miles  below  Port  Sarnia. 

Staglieno,  st&l-y^'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  E.  of 
Genoa,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Bisagno. 

Stagno  Grande,  st&n'yo  grd,n'di,  or  Stol,  stol,  a 
town  of  Dalmatia,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Ragusa,  on  the  penin- 
sula of  Sabioncello.     It  has  extensive  salt-works. 

Stagnone,  st&n-yo'n&,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily,  from  which  they  are 
.  separated  by  a  narrow  channel,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trapani. 
The  largest  is  about  2  miles  long. 

Stagno  Piccolo,  stin'yo  pik'ko-lo,  a  village  of  Dal- 
matia, N.N.E.  of  Stagno  Grande,  with  a  good  harbor  on 
the  Channel  of  Narenta. 

Stag'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,  10  miles 
N.E,  of  Durham  Station. 

Stahlstown,  stawlz'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Staines,  st&nz,  a  town  of  England,  in  Middlesex,  at  its 
S.W,  extremity,  on  the  Thames,  at  the  influx  of  the  Colne, 
19  miles  W.S.W.  of  St,  Paul's,  London,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion.    Pop,  3464, 

Staked  Plain,  Texas.    See  Llano  Estacado. 

Stal'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  in  Dorset,  on  abranch 
of  the  Stour,  6i  miles  E.N,E.  of  Sherborne.     Pop.  2096. 

Stanley's  Station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington 
&  Western  Railroad  is  .3i  miles  W.  of  Champaign,  111. 

Stalimni,  st&-lim'n6e,  orLimni,  lim'nee,  written  also 
Stalimene  (anc,  Lemnoa  ;  Gr.  A^juvor,  Lemnoa),  an  island 
belonging  to  Turkey,  in  the  ^gean  Sea,  40  miles  E.S,E, 
of  Mount  Athos.  Area,  160  square  miles.  Pop.  8000.  It 
consists  of  two  peninsulas,  separated  by  the  harbors  of 
Paradise  and  San  Antonio.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
with  extinct  craters.  The  soil  is  fertile  in  corn,  oil,  wine, 
fruits,  Ac,  The  capital,  Lemnos,  on  the  W,  coast,  has  1000 
inhabitants,  a  citadel,  a  harbor,  and  ship-building  docks. 

Stalla,  stirii,  or  Bivio,  bee've-o,  a  village  of  Swit- 
lerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Chiavenna,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Col  du  Julier,  5774  feet  above  the  sea. 

Stallati,  stil-li'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  S.S.E,  of  Catanzaro,     Pop,  2206, 

Stallupohnen,  st&l'loo-po^n^n,  a  town  of  East  Prua- 
«ia,  16  miles  E.N.E,  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  3760, 

Sta'l  ybridge,  or  Sta'ley  Bridge,  a  town  of  England, 
cos,  of  Lancaster  and  Chester,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Stockport,  Pop,  21,092,  mostly 
engaged  in  cotton-manufaotures. 


Stambool,  or  Stamboul.    See  Constantinople. 

Stambruges,  stftM'briizh',  or  Estambrnges,  Ss^- 
tftM^briizh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  11  miles 
W.N.W,  of  Mons. 

Stam'ford,  a  borough  of  England,  cos.  of  Lincoln  and 
Northampton,  on  the  Welland  River,  at  a  railway  junction, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peterborough.  Pop.  7846.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  6  parish  churches,  the  town  hall,  thea- 
tre, and  assembly-rooms.  The  Welland  is  navigable  hence 
to  the  sea*.  The  malting  and  retail  trade  is  considerable. 
Stamford  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Immediately  S.  of  the  town  is  Burleigh,  the  seat  of  the 
Marquis  of  Exeter. 

Stamford,  stam'fprd,  a  handsome  post-town  in  Stam- 
ford township,  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridge- 
port. It  has  a  good  harbor  for  vessels  drawing  8  feet  of 
water,  and  has  daily  communication  with  New  York  by 
steamboat.  It  contains  a  fine  town  hall  of  stone  and  brick 
which  cost  $140,000,  many  elegant  residences,  10  or  12 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  the  Stamford  Military  Institute. 
The  hills  in  the  vicinity  of  Stamford  have  been  embellished 
with  villas  and  parks  by  citizens  of  New  York  who  pass 
the  summer  here.  Stamford  has  a  woollen-factory  and 
other  factories,  and  here  are  the  works  of  the  Yale  Lock 
Manufacturing  Company.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  16,700. 

Stamford,  a  post-village  in  Stamford  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Kingston,  and  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Cooperstown. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods  and  water-wheels.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  and  contains 
Utsayantha  Mountain,  said  to  be  3365  feet  high.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1880,  1 638 ;  in  1890,  1940. 

Stamford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Stamford  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  North  Adams,  Mass., 
and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
lumber-mills,  a  stave-factory,  and  chemical  works.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  633. 

Stam'ford,  a  post-village  in  Welland  oo.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara.     Pop.  300. 

Stampse,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Etaupes. 

Stampalia,  st&m-p&-Iee'&,  or  Istampalia,  is-t&m- 
pi-lee'i,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Amorgos.  Area,  50  square  miles.  Pop.  1500.  The 
chief  villages  are  Sant'  Andrea  and  Livorno. 

Stamp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga. 

Stamp'er's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co., 
Ind.  It  contains  2  churches.  Pop,  827,  Stamper's  Creek 
Post-Office  is  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Stampfen,  stimp'f^n,  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  3182. 

Stamphane  Islands.    See  Strivali  Islands. 

Stamp'ing  Ground,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Ky., 
21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stamps  Land'ing,  Wilkinson  co..  Miss.,  is  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  19  miles  W,  of  Woodville,  Here  is  a 
large  island,  bounded  on  several  sides  by  the  Homochitto 
River  and  Buffalo  Bayou, 

Standard  Rock,  or  Stan'nard's  Rock,  a  reef  and 
shoal  of  Lake  Superior,  25  miles  S,E.  of  Keweenaw  Point. 
Here  a  light-house  is  in  construction. 

Stan'ard's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Wellsville,     It  has  a  church. 

Stan'ardsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Va.,  about  5  miles  E.  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  20  miles  N.  of 
Charlottesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stan'berry,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  oo..  Mo.,  43  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Gallatin.     Pop.  in  1890,  2035. 

Stan'bridge  East,  a  post-village  in  Missisqnoi  oo., 
Quebec,  on  Pike  River,  7  miles  from  Stanbridge  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  <&o.     Pop.  500. 

Stanbridge  Station,  a  post-village  in  Missisqao! 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railway,  43  miles 
S.E.  of  Montreal.     It  has  3  hotels  and  2  stores. 

Stan'bury,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  6 
miles  from  West  Farnham.     Pop.  175. 

Stanch'field,  a  post-townsnip  of  Isanti  oo.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  W,  of  Rush  City.     Pop.  408. 

Stanchio,  or  Stancho,  an  island.    See  Cos, 

Stand'ard,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co,,  Mo, 

Standard,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co,.  Pa,,  on  the  Al- 
leghany Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E,  of  Pittsburg. 

Stand'art  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co..  Wis. 

Stand'fold,  or  Stan'fold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barron 


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CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  about  56  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Stand'ing  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Boreman  co.,  Da- 
kota, on  the  Missouri,  60  miles  below  Bismarck.     Pop.  446. 

Standing  Stone »  a  post-hamlet  in  Standing  Stone 
township,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  <fc  New  York 
Railroad,  8  miles  below  Towanda.  It  has  2  charohes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  905. 

Standing  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Stand'ing  Stone  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters 
the  Juniata  in  Huntingdon  co. 

Stan'dish,  a  post-village  in  Standish  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  It  has 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  coopers'  ware,  sugar-boxes, 
and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1841. 

Standish,  a  post-village  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  West  Branch,  6  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of 
Omer,  and  about  37  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
shingles,  telegraph-poles,  hoops,  and  lumber.     Pop.  611- 

Stand'Iey,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
Chicago  division,  8i  miles  E.  of  Defiance,  0. 

Stan'don,  or  Saint  Le'on,  a  post-village  in  Dor- 
chester CO.,  Quebec,  38  miles  from  Quebec.     Pop.  250. 

Stan'field  Mills,  a  village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  20  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  120. 

Stanfold,  Wisconsin.     See  Standfold. 

Stan'fold,  or  Princeville,  a  village  in  Arthabaska 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  55  miles  from 
Quebec.  It  contains  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  carding-mill, 
a  church,  a  college,  and  15  stores.     Pop.  2500. 

Stan'ford,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  111.     Pop.  1349. 

Stanford,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  McLean 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Jacksonville  Branch  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton 
Railroad,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  haa  3 
churches.     Pop.  274. 

Stanford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bloomington,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Terre 
Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stanford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown.  It  contains  a  Friends' 
seminary  and  2  churches. 

Stanford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas,  26 
miles  S.  of  Hutchinson. 

Stanford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  104  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  about  38  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  the  Stanford  Female  College,  2  national  banks,  6 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.   Pop.  1200. 

Stanford,  a  township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  313. 

Stanford,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Houston. 

Stanford,  a  township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.     P.  2139. 

Stanford,  a  township  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  642. 

Stan'fordville,  a  post-village  in  Stanford  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
biblical  institute,  a  grist-mill,  a  paper-mill,  Ac.     P.  340. 

Stan'hope,  a  post-village  in  Byram  township,  Sussex 
CO.,  N.  J.,  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mus- 
conetcong  River  and  the  Morris  Canal,  10  miles  W.  of 
Dover,  and  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has 
iron-works  and  3  churches. 

Stanhope,  a  post-office  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.,  about  30 
miles  E.  of  Raleigh. 

Stanhope,  a  small  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  near 
Tannersville. 

Stanhope,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Pine 
Grove. 

Stan'hope,  a  seaport  on  the  N.  coast  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  CO.  of  Queens,  with  a  harbor  for  small  craft. 

Stanhope,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
near  the  Vermont  boundary,  1  mile  from  Norton  Mills,  Vt. 
It  has  2  stores,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Stanislaus,  st&n-is-lQw',  a  county  of  California,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  1486  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin  River,  is 
partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Stanislaus,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Tuolumne  River.  The  surface  is  mostly 
level,  but  the  S.W.  part  is  occupied  by  hills  or  low  moun- 
tains of  the  Coast  Range.  This  county  is  nearly  destitute 
of  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  wool, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Gold  is  found  here. 


but  the  inhabitants  are  mostly  employed  in  agriculture. 
It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Modesto,  the  capitaL 
Pop.  in  1870,  6499;  in  1880,  8751;  in  1890,  10,040. 

Stanislaus  River,  California,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  Al- 
pine CO.  and  unite  about  10  miles  N.  of  Sonora.  It  runs 
nearly  southwestward,  forms  the  S.E.  boundary  of  Cala- 
veras CO.,  intersects  Stanislaus  co.,  and  enters  the  San 
Joaquin  River  about  22  miles  S.  of  Stockton.  It  is  nearly 
200  miles  long,  including  one  fork.  The  North  Fork  runs 
southwestward,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Tuolumne  and  Calaveras  cos.  The  South  Fork  runs  nearly 
westward  in  Tuolumne  co. 

Stanislawow,  st4n-is-li'*ov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
licia,  betweeen  two  arms  of  the  Bistritz,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lemberg.    Pop.  14,479.    It  ha^  a  gymnasium,  hospital,  Ac. 

Stanitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,     See  Stkinitz. 

Stan'ley,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wakefield,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Calder.  The  Aire  A  Calder  Canal  here  crosses  the  river  by 
a  magnificent  aqueduct.    Pop.  10,305. 

Stanley,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  6^  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Perth.     Pop.  932. 

Stan'ley,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  1155  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bad 
River.     Pop.  in  1880,  793 ;  in  1890,  1028. 

Stanley,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas. 

Stanley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb.,  on  Wood 
River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Kearney. 

Stanley,  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  Chatham. 

Stanley,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  township,  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Sodus  Point  A  Southern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E. 
of  Canandaigua,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Geneva,  and  34  mile» 
S.  of  Sodus  Point.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stanley,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

Stanley,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  8  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

Stanley,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
on  Nashwaak  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Fredericton.    Pop.  150. 

Stanley,  or  Port  Stanley,  a  seaport  town,  capital 
of  the  Falkland  Islands,  and  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop, 
on  Port  William  Inlet,  and  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  East  Falk- 
land. It  has  a  government  house  and  2  churches.  Chief 
exports,  junk,  wool,  hides,  horns,  and  seal  fur.  It  has  a 
good  harbor,  but  stands  in  a  bleak  position.     Pop.  350. 

Stanley,  Port,  Ontario.    See  Port  Stanley. 

Stanley's  Bridge,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co.,  Prinoa 
Edward  Island,  23  miles  from  Charlottetown. 

Stanley's  Creek,  Gaston  co.,  N.C.    See  Brevard. 

Stanley's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  0ntario> 
6i  miles  from  Malton.     Pop.  200. 

Stan'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  at  Stanley 
Station,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta. 

Stanly,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Rocky  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  said  to 
be  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of 
the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Albemarle,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8315;  in  1880, 
10,505  ;  in  1890,  12,136. 

Stan'nard,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Yt.,  in  Stan- 
nard  township,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  228. 

Stannard's  Rock.    See  Stanard  Rock. 

StanoToi,  sti^no-voi',  Stannovoi,  stin^no-voi',  or 
Yablonoi(Jablonoi,y&-blo-noi')  Mountains,  a  long 
mountain-chain  of  East  Asia,  extending  between  lat.  60" 
and  67°  N.  and  from  Ion.  110°  E.,  chiefly  in  Transbai- 
kalia and  Russian  Manchooria,  and  afterwards  prolonged 
through  the  province  of  Okhotsk  and  the  Chookchee 
country  to  Behring  Strait.  Total  length,  estimated  at  3000 
miles.  It  is  usually  called  Yablonoi  in  the  W.  part,  and 
Stanovoi  towards  the  E.  extremity.  This  chain  separates 
the  basins  of  Lake  Baikal  and  the  Lena  on  the  N.  from  the 
basin  of  the  Amoor  on  the  S.E.  The  principal  ramifications 
are  those  which  cover  the  government  of  Irkootsk,  and  the 
mountains  of  Kamchatka.  As  far  N.  as  lat.  56°  their 
lower  portions  are  clothed  with  dense  forests;  N.  of  lat. 
65°  they  are  covered  with  snow,  and  separate  the  baeinr 
of  the  Anadeer  and  Indighirka. 


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Stan'stead,  a.  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
408  square  miles.  It  contains  Lake  Massawippi  and  a  part 
of  Lake  Memphremagog.    Capital,  Stanstead.    Pop.  13,138. 

Stanstead,  a  town  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Montreal  &  Vermont  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Newport,  Vt.,  and  76  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry,  and  has  a  large  and  increasing  business,  a 
branch  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  1000. 

Stanton,  stin'tgn,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas, 
bordering  on  Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  672  square 
miles.     The  surface  is  nearly  level.     Pop.  in  1890,  1031. 

Stanton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Elk- 
horn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Maple  and  Taylor 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  monotonously  beau- 
tiful. The  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie. 
Wheat,  maize,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Timber  and  fuel  are  scarce  in  this  county.  The  surface- 
rook  is  a  soft  sandstone  of  the  cretaceous  formation.  The 
Fremont,  Elkhorn  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroad  passes 
through  Stanton,  the  county  seat.  Pop.  in  1870,  636 ;  in 
1880,  1813  J  in  1890,4619. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  near 
Christiana  Creek  and  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc  Bal- 
timore Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  woollen-mills,  and  fertilizer- works. 

Stanton,  of  Illinois  and  Indiana.     See  Staunton. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  111.  Pop.  1088. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Red 
Oak.     Pop.  in  1880,  247 ;  in  1890,  399. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  275. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  620. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  in  Stanton  township,  Miami 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  about  12  miles  W.  of 
Paola,  and  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lawrence.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  in  1880,  904 ;  in  1890,  887. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Red  River,  about  42  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Stanton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
in  Day,  Evergreen,  and  Sidney  townships,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  62  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school, 
a  lumber-mill,  3  churches,  4  shingle-mills,  3  planing-mills, 
and  2  flouring-miUs.     Pop.  in  1880,  1760 ;  in  1890,  1352. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Goodhue  co., 
Minn.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  512. 

Stanton,  or  Stanton  Copper-Mines,  a  post-village 
of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  Maramec  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis 
ASan  Francisco  Railroad,  at  Stanton  Station,  5  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  copper-mine. 

Stanton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stanton  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Elkhorn,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  122 
miles  (90  miles  direct)  W.N.W.  of  Omaha,  and  40  miles  N. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  flour-mill. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Readington  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Easton  &  Amboy  Railroad,  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Phillipsburg,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo..  Pa.,  in  Rose 
township,  5  miles  S.  of  Brookville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Stanton,  or  Stanton  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Hay- 
wood CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad, 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  or  4  churches  and 
a  lumber-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stanton  Depot. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  503. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  482. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  32  miles 
W.  of  Gilford.     Pop.  100. 

Stanton  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

Stanton  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Detroit,  Lansing 
&  Northern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Stanton  Branch, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Ionia,  Mich. 

Stan'tonsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
Moccasin  Creek,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church  and  an  academy. 

Stanton's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jenner  township, 
Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  14  miles  S.  from  Johnstown.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Stan'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  oo.,  S.O.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Belton. 

Stantonville,  a  post-office  of  McNairy  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Stan'wich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Norwalk.     It  has  2  churches. 


Stan'wix,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rome  township,  Oneida  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River  and  the  Erie  Cfanal,  2  milea 
from  Rome,  and  about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Utica. 

Stan'wood,  a  post-village  in  Fremont  township,  Cedar 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Stanwood  <k  Tipton  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Tipton,  and  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  257. 

Stanwood,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas, 
about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Stanwood,  a  post-village  in  Meoosta  township,  Me- 
costa CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad, 
near  the  Muskegon  River,  47  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rapids.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Stanwood  (formerly  CentreTille),  a  post-hamlet  of 
Snohomish  eo.,  Washington,  near  Paget  Sound. 

Stanz,  or  Stantz,  st&nts,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Unterwalden,  capital  of  its  lower  division,  7  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  2070.  Its  town  hall  contains  a 
series  of  historioportraits ;  in  its  market-place  is  the  statue 
of  Arnold  von  Winkelried,  a  native  of  Stanz ;  and  near  the 
town  is  a  monument  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  mas> 
sacred  by  the  French  in  1798. 

Stap'horst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel« 
11  miles  N.E.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  4763. 

Sta'plehnrst,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co..  Neb. 

Staple's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex. 

Stapleton,  sta'p9l-t9n,  a  post-office  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Ga. 

Stapleton,  a  post-township  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1139.  Stapleton  Post-Office  is  on  Crane  Creek,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Waverly. 

Stapleton,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  N.T.,  on 
New  York  Bay,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Staten  Island,  and  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York. 
It  has  9  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Seaman's  Re- 
treat, an  observatory,  a  savings-bank,  gas-works,  6  brew- 
eries, several  factories,  &c.     Here  are  many  fine  residences. 

Stapleton,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Stapleton  Island,  an  island  of  the  middle  cluster  of 
the  Bonin  Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 

Stapleton  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Stappen,  Norway.    See  Mother  and  Daughters. 

Star,  a  hamlet  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark.,  15  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Camden. 

Star,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  at  Ging's  Station, 

Star,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa. 

Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas,  38  miles  N. 
of  Wa  Keeney. 

Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in  Stark  town- 
ship, on  the  Kickapoo  River,  about  37  miles  S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Staraia-Roossa,  or  Staraia-Russa,  sti-ri'i 
roos'si,  written  also  Russa-Staroi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  36  miles  S.  of  Novgorod,  on  a  river  which 
flows  into  Lake  Ilmen.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and 
has  an  imperial  palace,  salt-works,  and  a  large  trade  in 
flax,  linseed,  timber,  and  flour.     Pop.  14,756. 

Starasol,  stiVi-sol',  or  Starosol,  stiVo-sol',  a  town 
of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sambor.   P.  4046. 

Star'buck  (or  Star'bruck)  Island,  in  the  Pacifie 
(lat.  5"  37'  S.,  Ion.  155°  56'  W.),  was  discovered  in  1823. 
It  affords  guano,  which  is  carried  to  the  wharf  by  rail-car« 
propelled  by  wind  and  sails.     It  has  no  fixed  inhabitants. 

Star  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark., 
is  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Toronto  Railroad  Station.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  Lyell  College. 

Star  City,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Pulaski  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louu 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  elevator,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Star  City,  a  post-office  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 

Stare  Miasto,  stl'ri  me-is'to  (or  m'yis'to),  or  Alte 
Sambor,  &rt&  s&m'bor,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  12 
miles  from  Sambor.     Pop.  3355. 

Stare  Miesto,  sti'ri  me-4s'to  (or  m'ySs'to),  or  All- 
stadt,  &ll'st&tt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Schneeberg. 

Stargard,  staR'gant,  a  town  of  Pnusia,  in  Pomerania, 
on  the  navigable  Ihna,  21  miles  by  railway  E.S.E.  of  Stet- 
tin. Pop.  20,173.  It  hii«  a  gymnasium,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  hosiery,  tobacco,  brandy,  hats, 
soap,  and  leather. 

Stargard,  a  walled  town  of  West  Prussia,  27  mile* 
S.W.  of  Dantzic,  on  the  Ferse.  Pop.  6022.  It  has  Romas 
Catholic  and  Lutheran  churches. 

Stargard,  a  town  of  Mecklenbnrg-Strelitz,  14  milcc 
N.E.  of  Neu-Strelitz.    Pop.  2013. 


STA 


2530 


STA 


Star  Hill,  a  post-offioe  of  Barbour  oo.,  Ala. 

Staria,  st&'ree'i,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Al- 
bania, 40  miles  S.  of  Ochrida. 

Stari  Krym,  Russia.     See  Star  KbUm. 

Stari  Maidan,  sti'ree  miMin',  a  village  of  Bosnia,  on 
the  Sanna,  32  miles  W.  of  Banialooka. 

Staritza,  sti-rit's4,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tver,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  5600. 

Stari  Zadar,  an  Illyrian  name  of  Zara-Vecchia. 

Stark)  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Spoon 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Peoria  <fc 
Bock  Island  Railroad  and  by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  k  Quincy  Railroad.  Capital,  Toulon.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,751;  in  1880,  11,207;  in  1890,  9982. 

Stark,  a  county  of  southwestern  North  Dakota,  with  an 
area  of  1310  square  miles.  It  is  crossed  by  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad.    Capital,  Dickinson.    Pop.  in  1890,  2304. 

Stark,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tus- 
oarawas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Nimishillen,  Sandy, 
and  Sugar  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly 
one-fifth  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak, 
ash,  sugar-maple,  beech,  and  elm  are  found.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,- hay,  oats,  cattle, 
wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  mines  of 
bituminous  coal.  Limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  by 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Cleveland  &  Pitts- 
burg (a  branch  of  which  runs  to  Canton),  and  Valley  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Canton.  Pop.  in  1870,  52,508;  in  1880, 
64,031 ;  in  1890,  84,170. 

Stark)  a  post-offioe  of  Butts  oo.,  3a.,  23  miles  E.  of 
Griffin. 

Stark,  a  station  in  Stark  co.,  III.,  on  the  Peoria  <fc  Rock 
Island  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Peoria. 

Stark,  or  Starks,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stark  township, 
Somerset  oo.,  Me.,  about  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  2  churches  and  1  or  more  saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1083. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  476. 

Stark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1130. 

Stark,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stark  township,  Coos  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Ammonoosuc  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  church 
and  1  or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  464. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1398. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.     Pop.  899. 

Starke,  stark,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Kankakee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Yellow  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies,  woodlands,  and  small  lakes.  Hay,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  Ac,  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Pittsburg,  Fori  Wayne  &,  Chicago  and  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  Knox.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3888;  in  1880,  5105;  in  1890,  7339. 

Starke,  a  post- village  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  45  miles  S.W.  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  about  800. 

Starke  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Starkenbach,  staR'k§n-bd,K\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25 
miles  N.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  2946. 

Starkenburg,  staR'ken-bSoRs\  a  province  of  Hesse, 
Germany,  E.  of  the  Rhine.  Area,  1164  square  miles.  Pop. 
370,170. 

Starkesville,  starks'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex., 
about  80  miles  E.  of  Sherman. 

Starke's  Wharf,  a  shipping-point  of  Baldwin  co., 
Ala.,  on  Mobile  Bay,  10  miles  E.  of  Mobile. 

Stark'ey,  a  post-village  in  Starkey  township,  Yates 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  N. 
of  Watkins,  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  3 
churches  and  the  Starkey  Seminary.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  contains  a  larger 
village,  named  Dundee.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2729. 

Star  Krtiin,  or  Stari  Krym,  sti're  kriim  (Tartar, 
Eskee-Kroom  or  Egkee-Kriim),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Taurida, 
10  miles  W.  of  Kaffa.     Pop.  1143. 

Starks,  a  station  in  Kane  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Elgin. 


Starks,  Somerset  co..  Me.    See  Stark. 

Starksborough,  starks'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  of 
Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in  Starksborough  township,  about  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Burlington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1361. 

Stark's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
on  Gray's  Bay,  a  part  of  the  Columbia  River. 

Stark'ville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Las  Animas  oo., 
Col.,  in  Raton  Pass,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Trinidad.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Starkville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  oo.,  Ga.,  near  Muck 
alee  Creek,  3  miles  from  Leesburg,  which  is  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Starkville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oktibbeha  co.. 
Miss.,  22  miles.  W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  on  the  Starksville 
Branch  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  and  a  female 
seminary.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Starkville,  a  post-village  in  Stark  township,  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica,  and  9  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory, 
Ac.     Pop.  174. 

Stark  Water,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stark  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Stark.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Star  liime-Works,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co,,  Ky.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paduoah 
Here  are  2  lime-kilns. 

Star  Mines,  a  village  in  Van  Buren  township.  Clay 
CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  199. 

Staro  Con stantinov,  Russia.    See  Constantinov. 

Starodoob,Starodonb,orStarodub,st&-ro-doob', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  100  miles  N.E.  of  Cher- 
nigov. Pop.  12,333.  It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts, 
and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  monastery. 

Star  of  the  West,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Little  Missouri  River,  50  miles  W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Staroi  Bykhof,  sti-roi'  be-Kof,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  26  miles  S.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  5172.     It  has  churches  and  convents. 

Staroi  Oskol,  stft-roi'  &s-kol',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Koorsk.     Pop.  7191. 

Starosol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia.     See  Starasol. 

Star  Place,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Miss. 

Star  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-village  in  Star  Prairie 
township,  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Apple  River,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Stillwater,  Minn.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, &o.  New  Richmond  Station  on  the  North  Wisconsin 
Railroad  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  township,  944. 

Starr,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Mexico.  Area,  about  2570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Bio  Grande.  The  surface  is  n«arly  level. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  a  plain  or  prairie,  in  which  timber 
and  running  water  are  scarce.  The  soil  produces  pasture 
for  cattle  and  shoep.  The  capital.  Bio  Grande  City,  is 
situated  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  San  Miguel,  Mexico.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4164;  in  1880,  8304;  in  1890,  10,749. 

StarT)  a  township  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas.    Pop.  666. 

Starr,  a  township  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  265. 

Starr,  a  post-office  in  Starr  township,  Hocking  co.,  0. 
Starr  township  is  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster,  and  la 
drained  by  the  Hocking  River.  Coal  abounds  in  it.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1551. 

Starr,  post-office.  Forest  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  from  Tionestft. 

Starr's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ga.,  4  milet 
from  Brooks'  Station.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  grist-mill. 

Starrncca,  Pennsylvania.     See  Starucca. 

Starr'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Tyler.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Star'ry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Starsovir,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Dittersbach. 

Start,  a  point  and  light-house  of  Scotland,  in  the  Ork- 
neys, the  easternmost  extremity  of  the  island  of  Sanday. 
Lat.  59°  16'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  22'  W. 

Star  Tan'nery,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Start  Point,  a  headland  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
CO.  of  Devon,  England,  9^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dartmouth, 
with  a  light-house  and  revolving  light  204  feet  above  the 
sea.     Lat.  60°  13'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  38'  W. 

Starucca,  or  Starrucca,  sta-ruk'ka,  a  post-borough 
of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  Starucca  Creek,  and  on  the  Jefferson 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Carbondale. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  large  tannery,  Ac. 

Starucca  Creek  rises  in  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  and  enter* 
the  Susquehanna  River. 


STA 


2531 


STA 


Starucca  Yi'adncty  a  noble  structure  near  Lanes- 
borough,  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa.  Here  the  Erie  Railroad 
crosses  Starucca  Creek  by  a  bridge  of  stone  1200  feet  long 
and  110  feet  high,  with  18  arches. 

Star  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 

Stary  Sambor,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Sambor. 

Stassfurt,  stiss'fSSnt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  at 
a  railway  junction,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.  It  has 
mines  of  rook  salt  and  of  potash  salts.     Pop.  11,263. 

Staszow,  stl'shov,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Radom,  30 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Sandomier,  on  the  Czarna.     Pop,  6078. 

State  B  ridge )  a  post-office  and  station  ifa  Verona 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  13  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Rome,  and  4  miles 
N.  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  church  and  a  glass-factory.  See 
also  Messcngeryille. 

Stateburg,  stat'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co., 
B.C.,  in  Stateburg  township,  2i  miles  from  Claremont  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches. 

State  Centre,  a  post-village  in  State  Centre  township, 
Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown,  and  about  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  banking-house,  a  graded  school,  &o.  Pop.  in  1880,* 
880;  in  1890,  864. 

State  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

State  College,  kSl'lij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.. 
Pa.,  in  College  township,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bellefonte, 
and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Lewistown.  Here  is  an  agri- 
cultural college,  called  the  Pennsylvania  State  College, 
which  was  founded  by  the  state  in  1859,  has  11  professors, 
and  an  endowment  of  $500,000.  It  is  open  to  students 
of  both  sexes. 

State  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  southern  line  of  the  state,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hope. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  New  London  Northern 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Stafford  Springs,  Conn.  It  is  on  the 
S.  boundary  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Connecticut  Western  Rail- 
road, 41i  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rhinecliff.  It  is  on  the  line 
between  Connecticut  and  New  York. 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  W. 
boundary  of  the  state,  about  68  miles  S.W,  of  Atlanta. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  <&  Northwestern 
Railroad  (Milwaukee  division),  on  Lake  Michigan,  45  miles 
N.  of  Chicago,  111. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw 
Railroad,  on  the  eastern  boundary  of  Illinois,  11  miles  E. 
of  Watseka. 

State  Line,  Lake  co.,  Ind.     See  Hammond. 

State  Line,  Steuben  co.,  Ind.    See  Rat. 

State  Line,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
western  boundary  of  the  state,  and  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Joplin  Railroad,  17^  miles 
8.E.  of  Girard,  Kansas. 

State  Line,  Maryland.    See  Ellerslie. 

State  Line,  a  post- village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  bound- 
ary between  Massachusetts  and  New  York,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Pittsfield,  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  West  Stockbridge 
Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  West  Stockbridge. 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Nunda  township,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Albert  Lea. 

State  Line,  Mississippi.     See  State  Line  Station. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bedford,  Iowa.  It  is  on 
the  N.  boundary  of  Missouri. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad, 

1  mile  W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 

2  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

State  Line,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Cheshire  oo., 
N.H.,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Keene. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  pails  and  wooden  spoons. 

State  Line,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.    See  Messer's. 

State  Line,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Connecticut  line,  where  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad 
joins  the  Poughkeepsie,  Hartford  &  Boston  Railroad,  1^ 
miles  E.  of  Millerton,  N.Y. 

State  Line,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Poult- 
ney  River,  and  on  the  railr«ad  from  Rutland  to  Whitehall, 
2  miles  W.  of  Fair  Haven,  Vt.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Elmira  State  Line  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 


State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A 
Western  Railroad,  Hi  miles  S.E.  of  Bingbamton,  N.Y.  It 
is  on  the  line  between  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

State  Line,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Youngstown  and  Sharon,  li  miles  S.W.  of 
Sharon,  Pa. 

State  Line,  Bradford  co..  Pa.     See  Fassett. 

State  Line,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.    See  Mason  and  Dixon. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(Bedford  division),  6  miles  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  line. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad,  on  the  Delaware  River,  7  miles  S.  of  the 
Water  Gap. 

State  Line,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Northvillb. 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.O. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Dalton  &  Cleveland 
Branch  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  and  on 
the  line  between  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 

State  Line,  Giles  co.,  Tennessee.    See  Veto. 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Tenn. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Harlem  Extension  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.W.  of  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  on  the  line  be- 
tween New  York  and  Vermont. 

State  Line  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Clean,  N.Y.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

State  Line  Station,  a  post- village  of  Greene  c<>.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  63  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Mobile.  It  is  in  a  dense  pine  forest,  1  mile  from  the 
state  boundary.  It  has  2  churches,  the  State  Line  Acad- 
emy, and  manufactures  of  yellow-pine  lumber,  rosin,  and 
turpentine.     Pop.  about  800. 

Staten  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Itooroop. 

Staten  (stat'^n  or  stah't^n)  Island,  an  island  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  South  America,  separated 
by  Le  Maire  Strait  from  King  Charles'  South  Land.  Length, 
45  miles.  Surface  steep,  and  shores  very  much  indented. 
At  its  E.  extremity  is  Cape  St.  John,  in  lat.  54°  46'  S. 

Stat'en  Island,  the  most  southern  part  of  New  York 
state,  constitutes  the  co.  of  Richmond  (which  see).  It  is  13 
or  14  miles  long,  and  is  5  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  It  is  separated  from  Long  Island  by  the  Narrows, 
and  from  New  Jersey  by  two  narrow  channels  called  Staten 
Island  Sound  and^Kill  van  Kull,  the  latter  of  which  con- 
nects New  York  Bay  with  ifewark  Bay.  The  surface  is 
moderately  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery 
and  adorned  with  many  fine  mansions  and  villas.  Tha 
largest  village  on  the  island  is  New  Brighton,  which  is  on 
the  northern  shore.  Fort  Richmond  and  Fort  Wadsworth, 
situated  on  or  near  the  Narrows,  defend  the  entranoe  to 
New  York  City. 

Staten  Island  Sound,  a  narrow  channel  which  sep- 
arates Staten  Island  from  Middlesex  and  Union  cos.  of 
New  Jersey,  and  extends  from  Raritan  Bay  northward  to 
Newark  Bay.  It  is  less  than  1  mile  wide  in  most  places. 
Steamboats  plying  between  New  York  and  South  Amboy 
pass  through  this  sound. 

Stat'enville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Echols  cu., 
Ga.,  near  the  Appalachee  River,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Valdosta,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Statenville  Station,  or  Huckle- 
berry. (See  Huckleberry.)  It  has  a  church.  Sugar  is 
made  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  614. 

State  Road,  a  station  of  the  Rochester  &  State  Line 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester,  N.Y. 

State  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  45 
miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

State  Road,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  5^  miles  N.W.  of 
Warren. 

State  Road  Crossing,  Michigan.    See  Maxwell. 

Statesborough,  stats'biir-riih,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Bulloch  CO.,  Ga.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  a  court-house  and  a  jail.     Pop.  500. 

Statesburg,  South  Carolina.     See  Stateburo. 

Statesville,  st&ts'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Autauga  oo., 
Ala.,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  mill. 

Statesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C., 
in  Statesville  tpwnship,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North 
Carolina,  at  its  junction  with  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Salisbury,  and  47 
miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  bank,  a  male  college,  and  a  female  college,  and  haa 
manufactures  of  leather,  tobacco,  &o.  Pop.  in  1880,  1062; 
in  1890,  2318. 

Statesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  E.S.E.  of  NashTille. 


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Sta'tion  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Estill  co.,  Ky. 

Station  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Miss. 

Station  Eleven,  Georgia.     See  Spiers. 

Station  Fifteen,  a  post-bamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0., 
in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad. 

Stat'ler's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Stanbbach,  stSwb'biK  ("dust-stream"),  a  waterfall  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  in  the  Oberland,  1  mile  S.  of 
Lauterbrunnen.  It  streams  over  the  top  of  a  rock,  and, 
after  falling  for  800  or  900  feet,  is  dispersed  by  the  wind 
before  reaching  the  bottom  of  the  valley,  and  so  resembles  a 
vast  horse-tail,  whence  the  name. 

Stanfen,  stdw'f^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Freiburg.  Pop.  1893.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  old 
castle  of  Staufen. 

Stanffer,  stSw'fjr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  li  miles  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant.    It  has  coke- works. 

Staunton,  stawn'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Staunton  town- 
ship, Macoupin  co.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Litchfield,  and  36  miles  N.B.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  banking-house,  5 
churches,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2209. 

Staunton,  a  post-village  in  Posey  township,  Clay  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Brazil,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It 
has  valuable  mines  of  block-coal.  It  contains  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.   Pop.  589. 

Staunton,  Missouri.    See  Stanton. 

Staunton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Concord  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  4i  miles  S.  of  Washington,  and 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillioothe.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  union  school. 

Staunton,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.     Pop.  1317. 

Staunton,  a  town,  capital  of  Augusta  co.,  \  a.,  is  situ- 
ated in  the  fertile  and  beautiful  valley  which  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  136  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond,  39  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Charlottesville,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Lynch- 
burg. It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school,  the  Augusta  Female 
Seminary,  the  Staunton  Female  Seminary,  the  Virginia 
Female  Institute,  a  Methodist  female  institute,  the  Western 
Lunatic  Asylum,  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and 
blind  which  was  founded  by  the  state  and  educates  about 
700  pupils,  the  Staunton  Iron-Works,  and  several  flouring- 
mills  and  planing-mills.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Staunton  is  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  126  milea  S.  of 
Harper's  Perry.     Pop.  in  1880,  6664 ;  in  1890,  6975. 

Staunton  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Montgomery  co., 
and  runs  eastward  through  Roanoke  co.  to  the  Blue  Ridge, 
which  it  intersects.  It  is  said  to  descend  nearly  1000  feet 
in  a  distance  of  20  miles.  It  subsequently  flows  southeast- 
ward, forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Franklin, 
Pittsylvania,  and  Halifax  on  the  right,  and  Bedford,  Camp- 
bell and  Charlotte  on  the  left,  and  unites  with  the  Dan 
River  to  form  the  Roanoke.  It  is  about  200  miles  long. 
The  name  of  Roanoke  is  sometimes  given  to  part  or  all  of 
this  river  which  is  above  the  mouth  of  the  Dan. 

Staunton  River,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  on  Staunton  River,  50 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Staunton  River  Depot,  a  village  of  Pittsylvania 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Staunton  River,  and  on  the  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Hurt's  Store  Post-Office. 

Staunton's  Mill,  Pennsylvania.    See  Stanton's  Mill. 

Stavanger,  sti-ving'gh^r,  a  seaport  town  of  -Norway, 
stift  of  Christiansand,  capital  of  an  amt,  on  the  Bukke-Fiord, 
an  inlet  of  the  North  Sea,  100  miles  S.  of  Bergen.  Lat.  58° 
58'  N.;  Ion.  5°  56'  E.     Pop.  (1891)  23,899. 

Stavanger,  an  amt  in  the  S.W.  of  Norway,  having  the 
sea  on  the  S.  and  W.  Area,  3421  square  miles.  Capital, 
Stavanger.     Pop.  110,965. 

Stav'anger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yellow  Medicine  co., 
Minn.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Marshall. 

Stavele,  sti'vi-l§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1174. 

Stavelot,  8ti'v?h-lot\  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  3787. 

Stavenhagen,  sti'ven-hi^gh^n,  or  Stavehagen, 
Bti'v§h-hJ,*gh§n,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  29  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Gustrow.     Pop.  2866. 

Stavenisse,  st4'v§h-nis^s§h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Zealand,  on  the  N.W.  point  of  the  island  of  Tho- 
len  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam. 


Stavoren,  sti'vo-r^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  13  miles  N.  of  Enkhuysen. 

Stavropol,  or  Stawropol,  stiv-ro'pol,  a  town  of 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Stavropol,  on  the 
Atchla,  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alexandrov.  Lat.  44°  43'  N. ; 
Ion.  41°  38'  E.  Pop.  35,468,  It  is  well  built  and  strongly 
fortified,  and  has  manufactures  of  soap  and  leather. 

Stavropol,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Ciscaucasia, 
generally  level,  and  in  part  swampy  or  unproductive.  Area, 
27,020  square  miles.     Capital,  Stavropol.     Pop.  437,118. 

Stavros,  stiv^ros'  (ano.  Stagi'ra),  a  village  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Contessa,  38  miles  E. 
of  Salonica. 

Sta'well,  a  borongh  of  Victoria,  Australia,  18  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Ararat.     It  has  gold-mines.     Pop.  5166. 

Stawp'ley's,  a  station  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &,  Co- 
lumbus Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Natchez. 

Stayner,  sta'n^r,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Northern  Railroad,  85  miles  from  Toronto.  It  haa 
5  churches,  20  stores,  2  woollen-mills,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  1000. 

Stayton,  sta't^n,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  9  miles  E.  of 
Marion  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  large  saw-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  chairs,  furniture,  sash,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Steady  (sted'e)  Run,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  948.     It  contains  Martinsburg. 

Steam'boat  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Washoe  co., 
Nevada,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county,  and  flows  north- 
ward into  Truckee  River. 

Steamboat  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township, 
Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River  (which  here  affords 
extensive  water-power)  and  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
4  miles  N.  of  Eldora.  It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Steamboat  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Routt  00.,  Col.,  on  the  Yampah  River,  120  miles  N.W. 
of  Georgetown.  It  has  hot  and  cold  mineral  springs  and  a 
hotel. 

Steamboat  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Washoe  oo., 
Nevada,  on  the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Railroad,  at  Steamboat 
Station,  11  miles  S.  of  Reno.  Here  are  many  hot  sulphur 
springs  and  a  hotel. 

Steam'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  Cold  Spring  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.i.,  on  the  Atlantic  <k  Great  Western 
Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  hubs  and  spokes. 

Steamburg,  a  hamlet  in  Hector  township,  Schuyler  cCf 
N.Y.,  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ithaca. 

Steamburg,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
4  miles  N.  of  Leon  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Steamburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church  and  • 
steam  saw-mill. 

Steam  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.^ 
about  34  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Steam  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Morrow  co.,  0. 

Steam  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bainbridge. 

Steam  Mill  Village,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Cacard  River,  2  miles  from  Kentville. 

Steam  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

Stearnesville,  st^rnz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co., 
Ga.,  7  miles  from  Griffin.     It  has  a  church. 

Stearns,  st^mz,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  1334  square  miles.  It  if 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Sauk  River  and  partly  drained  by  the  North  Fork 
of  Crow  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversi- 
fied with  numerous  small  lakes  and  extensive  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  elm,  sugar-maple,  <kc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Large 
prairies  occur  in  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  branches  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  and  the 
Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  &  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Railroad  passes 
along  its  southern  border.  Capital,  St.  Cloud.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,206;  in  1880,  21,956;  in  1890,  34,844. 

Stearnsville,  st?mz'vil,  a  village  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Pittsfield  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsfield.  It 
has  3  woollen-factories. 

Steb'binsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Porter  township,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Steck'born,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau, 
on  the  Unter-See  (Lake  of  Constance),  8  miles  W.  of  Con 
stance.     Pop>  1654. 


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Stecoah)  stSk'o-a,  a  post-township  of  Graham  co., 
N.C.,  about  60  miles  S'.S.E.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Sted'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jamestown. 

Steed'man'8)  a  post-oflBoe  of  Lexington  co.,  B.C. 

Steele,  sti'l^h,  or  Steyle,  sti'l^h,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  a  railwaj,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop. 
5920.     Coal  is  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

Steele,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Straight 
River,  which  runs  northward  through  the  middle  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. It  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber,  and  has  extensive 
prairies.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
«ounty  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
road and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  both 
of  which  connect  with  Owatonna,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8271;  in  1875,  10,739;  in  1880,  12,460  ;  in  1890,  13,232. 

Steele,  a  county  of  eastern  North  Dakota.  Area,  720 
square  miles.     Capital,  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  in  1890,  3777. 

Steele,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.    See  Steel's  Depot. 

Steele  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn. 

Steele  City,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oo..  Neb.,  on 
Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Fairbnry.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Steel  Creek,  a  post-office  in  Steel  Creek  township, 
Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1951. 

Steele's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Rushville  and  Connersville,  8  or  9  miles  from 
fach  place. 

Steele's,  a  township  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.C.  Pop.  1656. 

Steele's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo.,  Va.,  on  the  Ches- 
apeake <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Covington. 

Steele's  Alills,  Steel'ville,  or  Georgetown,  a 
post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash,  Chester 
&  Eastern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  several  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.    Post-office,  Steele's  Mills.  P.  490. 

Steele's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  W.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Steele's  Tav'ern,  or  Mid'way,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Augusta  CO.,  Va.,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and  1  or  2  foundries. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Steele's  Tavern. 

Steel'mantown,  a  hamlet  of  Cape  May  oo.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Woodbine  Station. 

Steel'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Egg  Harbor  town- 
•hip,  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pleasantville. 

Steel  Run,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  0. 

Steel's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Ala., 
47  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Steel'ton,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  11  churches,  a  bank,  a 
flour-mill,  a  shirt-factory,  a  planing-mill,  steam  brick- 
works, manufactures  of  steel  of  every  description,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  2447 ;  in  1890,  9260. 

Steelville,  Illinois.    See  Steele's  Mills. 

SteeI'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  oo., 
Mo.,  in  Meramec  township,  on  the  Maramec  River,  and  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  100  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  2  newspaper  offices  and  2  churches. 

Steelville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Ootorara 
Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  Atglen.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Steenbergen,  stain'bdRO-^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  20  miles  W.  of  Breda.     P.  1941. 

Steenhnlfel,  stain'huf^f^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1665. 

Steenhnyze  Wynhuyze,  stain'hoi^z^h  wln'hoi^z^h, 
a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bast  Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1683. 

Steenkerke,  stain^kSRk'^h,  or  Steenkerqne,  stain- 
kaiBk',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Mons.  The  Allies,  commanded  by  William  III.  of  Eng- 
land, were  here  defeated  by  the  French,  July  24,  1692. 

Steenockerzeel  Humelghem,  stA'nok-k^r-zail^ 
hii'm^l-ghftm',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1649. 

Steen's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Rankin  oo.,  Miss. 

Steen'sPrairie,pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Maries  CO.,  Mo. 

Steenvoorde,  or  Steenwoorde,  stainVSRd',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Ilazebrouck. 
Pop.  2261. 

Steenwerck,  stain'^drk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hazebrouok.     Pop.  of  commune,  4309. 


Steenwyk,  or  Steenwijk,  stain'^^Ik,  a  town  cf  the 
Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Blokzyl.  It  haa 
a  harbor  and  a  trade  in  grain,  &e.     Pop.  4094. 

Steep  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Taunton  River,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Fall  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Steep  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  7  miles  from  Port  Mulgrave. 

Steep  Falls,  a  post- village  in  Standish  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  saw-mills. 

Steep-Holmes  Island,  a  rooky  island  in  the  Bristol 
Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cardiff.     Circumference,  about  1^  miles. 

Steer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Steer'pen,  a  township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  B.C.   P.  545 

Stef'fenville,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  9  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lewistown  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Stefiisburg,  st5f'fis-b55RG\  a  town  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  and  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3462. 

Steg^all's',  a  station  in  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  West- 
em  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Stegalls,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Stege,  sti'gh^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of  M5en, 
on  its  W.  coast,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Praestoe.     Pop,  1960. 

Stegen,  sti'gh§n,  an  island  and  village  of  Norway, 
province  of  Nordland.     Lat.  68°  N. ;  Ion.  14°  30'  E. 

Steiermark,  or  Steyermark.    See  Stykia. 

Steilacoom  (stil'a-kS5m)  City,  a  post-village  of 
Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Puget  Sound, 
44  miles  from  Lakeview  Station  of  the  Northern  Pacifio 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olympia,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
tannery,  Ac,  with  abundant  water-power  and  timber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  270. 

Stein,  stin,  or  Kamnig,  k&m'nie,  a  town  of  Austria, 
14  miles  N.  of  Laybach,  on  the  Feistritz. 

Stein,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  oppo- 
site Mautern,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  3870. 

Stein,  stine,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  S.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1705. 

Stein,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schaff- 
hausen,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine.    Pop.  1361. 

Steinach,  sti'n&K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig 
River,  and  on  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Freiburg,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Biberaoh.     Pop.  1337. 

Steinach,  a  village  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the  Stei- 
nach, an  affluent  of  the  Rodaoh,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sonne- 
berg.    Pop.  3914. 

Stein-am-Anger,  stine-&m-&ng'9r  (Hun.  Szomba- 
thely,  som^b5hH4l'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg, 
on  the  Giins,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  GUns.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  an  episcopal  palace  and  a  cathedral.  It 
occupies  a  part  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Sabaria,  which, 
under  Claudius,  was  named  Claudia  Augusta.     Pop.  7561. 

Steinan,  sti'nSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  34  miles 
N.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  3299. 

Steinan,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Oppeln.     Pop.  1981. 

Steinan,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  27  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hanau,  on  the  Kinzig.     Pop.  2179. 

Steinanr,  sti'nSwr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  oo.,  Neb., 
8  miles  W.  of  Table  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Steinbach,  stine'b&K,  a  town  of  Bnden,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Buhl,  on  the  Mannheim  &  Basel  Railway.     Pop.  2016. 

Steinbach,  or  Steinbach-Hallenberg,  h&ri^n- 
b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sohmalkalden. 
Pop.  3000,  mostly  employed  in  iron-forges  and  wire-works. 

Steinen,  sti'n^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Sohwytz.     Pop.  1359. 

Steinersville,  sti'nfrz-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  oo., 
0.,  on  Captina  Creek,  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bellaire.    P.  73. 

Steinfeld,  stine'filt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Lower  Franconia,  near  Rothenfels.     Pop.  1140. 

Steinfnrt,  stIne'fdfiRt,  or  Burgsteinfnrt,  bSSRs- 
8tine'fS5Rt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Miinster,  on  the  Aa.     Pop.  3584. 

Steinhatchee,  steen'hatch-ee,  a  post-offioe  of  Lafa- 
yette CO.,  Fla. 

Steinheim,  stlne'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2322. 

Steinheim,  or  Gross  Steinheim,  grSce  stlne'- 
hime, a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  on  the 
Main,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1661. 

Steinheim,  or  Steinheim-am-Aalbnck«  stIne'- 


STB 


2534 


STB 


hime-im-5.1'book,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Heidenheim.     Pop.  1730. 

Steinheim,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Marbach.     Pop.  1092. 

Steinhnde  (stine'hoo-d^b)  Lake  (6er.  Steinhuder- 
Meer,  stine'hoo^d^r-maiB),  a  lake  of  North  Germany,  be- 
tween Sohaumburg-Lippe  and  tbe  Pmssian  province  of 
Hanover,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Hanover.  Length,  6  miles.  In 
it  is  an  island,  with  the  fortress  of  Wilhelmstein,  belonging 
to  Schaumburg-Lippe,  and  also  the  village  of  Steinhude. 
Pop.  1264. 

Steinitz,  sti'nits,  written  also  Stanitz  and  Zdo- 
nice*  a  town  of  Moravia,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Briinn. 

Steinmaaern,  stine'mSw^^m,  a  village  of  Baden,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Murg  and  the  Rhine,  4  miles  N.  of 
Rastadt.     Pop.  1617. 

Steinsbnrg,  stinz'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bnoks  oo., 
Pa.,  in  Milford  township,  2i  miles  from  Shelly  Station,  and 
12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  grist-mill. 

Stein  Schonauy  stine  shS'ndw,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  3100. 

Steinseifersdorf,  stine'srf^rs-doRr,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  government  and  S.  W.  of  Breslau.    P.  1609. 

Steinsville,  stinz'vil,  or  Stine8'ville,a  post-village 
of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  26^ 
miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  carriage-fa«tory  and  2 
stores. 

Steinthal)  Alsaoe.    See  Bam-de-la-Boohb. 

Steinthal,  stine't&l,  a  poat-oflSoe  of  Manitowoc  oo.,  Wis. 

Steinweiler,  stlne'^iM^r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  near  Kandel.     Pop.  1631. 

SteinwieseU)  stine'^ee^z^n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in 
Upper  Franconia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rodaoh.  P.  1722. 

Steisslingen,  stice'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  Lake 
circle,  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1227. 

Stekene,  st^'ki-n^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6231. 

StelapoIiS)  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.    See  Chester. 

Stella,  stSl'li,  a  river  of  North  Italy,  enters  the  Adri- 
atic near  its  head,  after  a  S.  course  of  35  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gable from  Palazzolo  to  the  sea. 

Stel'la,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  on  Am- 
herst Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  15  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 

Stel'laland)  the  name  of  a  republic  in  South  Africa, 
formed  by  the  Boers  in  1 882,  but  incorporated  by  the  British 
in  1885  in  the  new  colony  of  Bechuanaland. 

Stellarton,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Albion  Mines. 

Stel'lavilie,  a  post-oflSce  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Ga, 

Stellenbosch,  8t41'l§n-bo8k\  a  division  of  Cape  Col- 
ony, South  Africa,  having  N.  the  division  of  Paarl,  E.  the 
division  of  Caledon,  S.  the  ocean,  and  W.  the  Cape  division. 
Area,  467  square  miles.     Pop.  10,541. 

Stellenbosch,  the  capital  town  of  a  division  of  its 
own  name,  of  Cape  Colony,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cape 
Town,  has  a  neat  church,  several  schools,  and  a  savings- 
bank.     Pop. 3173. 

Stel'ton,  a  post- hamlet  in  Raritan  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  between  Elizabeth  &  New  Bruns- 
wick, 2  miles  E.  of  New  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

Stervid'eo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Stelvio  (st5l've-o).  Pass  of  (Ger.  Stil/aerjoch,  stilf  s^r- 
yoK^),  Tyrol,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  Valtellina,  leads  from 
Bormio  to  Glurns.  It  is  the  loftiest  carriage-route  in 
Europe,  its  summit  being  9100  feet  above  the  sea. 

Stem'bersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  oo..  Pa.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Mauch  Chunk.     It  has  a  slate-factory. 

Stem'mer's  Run,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington &  Baltimore  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Stem'ton,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  6  miles  above  Allen- 
town,  and  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at 
Laubach  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
railroad-cars,  flour,  and  wagons. 

Stenay,  st§h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meuse,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Montmedy,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  2376. 

Sten'cil  House,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Stendal,  stSn'da,!,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Uchte,  40  miles  N.N.E,  of  Magdeburg  by  railway.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs,  gloves,  tobacco, 
and  leather,  with  a  brisk  trade  in  linens.     Pop.  12,851. 

Sten'dal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  38  miles 
N  E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Sten'ness,  an  isle  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  mainland  of 
Shetland. 


Stephens,  ste'v^nz,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Clear  Fork  of  Brazos  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  and  produces 
pasture  for  many  cattle.  The  Texas  Pacific  Railway  crosses 
the  S.E.  corner  of  the  county.  Capital,  Breckenridge.  Pop. 
in  1870,  330;  in  1880,  4725;  in  1890,-4926. 

Stephens,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.    See  Ahtioch. 

Stephens,  a  post- village  in  Mayfield  township,  Lapeer 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fish  Lake  Branch  of  the  Detroit  &  Bay 
City  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  large  saw- 
mills and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about  250.  Station  name, 
Fish  Lake. 

Stephen's,  a  station  of  the  Columbia  Branch  Railroad, 
6i  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia,  Mo. 

Ste'phensburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  1 
mile  from  Stephensburg  Station  of  the  Paducah  <fc  Elizabeth- 
town  Railroad,  and  51  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has 
a  church. 

Stephensburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Morristown.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Stephensburg,  Va.    See  Newtown  Stephensburg. 

Stephen's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn 

Stephen's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
Fremont  Centre,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Hornellsville. 

Stephenson,  ste'v^n-spn,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Illinois,  bordering  on  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  660 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Peoatonica  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Yellow  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of 
the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  min- 
erals of  this  county  is  a  variety  of  Lower  Silurian  lime- 
stone, called  Galena  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Illinois  Central,  Western  Union,  Chicago  <fe  Northwestern, 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fc  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Capital,  Freeport.  Pop.  in  1870, 
30,608;  in  1880,  31,963;  in  1890,  31,338. 

Stephenson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of 
Menominee.    It  has  manufactures  of  charcoal  and  shingles. 

Stephenson,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn. 

Stephenson's  bepot,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Win- 
chester. 

Ste'phensport,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  24  miles  above  Cannelton,  Ind., 
and  54  miles  by  land  W.S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  6  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Stephens'  Pottery,  a  post-office  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ga. 

Stephens'  Store,  a  post- village  in  Bourbon  township, 
Callaway  co..  Mo.,  11  miles  E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Stephens  ville,  8te'v§nz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson 
CO.,  Ga. 

Stephensville,  Michigan  and  New  York.    See  Stb- 

VENSVILLE. 

Stephensville,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coey- 
mans  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Schodack.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stephensville,  a  village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  2^  miles 
from  Dodd  City  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  drug-store. 

Stephensville,  a  post-village  in  Ellington  township, 
Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  1  mile  E.  of  Wolf  River,  6  miles  S. 
of  Shiocton  Station,  and  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Appleton. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wagons. 

Stephentown,  ste'v§n-t6wn,  a  post- village  in  Stephen- 
town  township,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Exten- 
sion Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Lebanon  Springs^  and  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  It  has  2  churches,  4 
stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  30  dwellings.  The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Latham,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2048. 

Stephentown  Centre,  New  York.     See  Latham. 

Stephentown  Flats,  a  village  in  Stephentown  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-fac- 
tory, and  40  dwellings. 

Stephenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Erath  oo., 
Tex.,  near  Bosque  River,  about  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  1200. 

Step'ney,  a  parish  and  E.  suburb  of  the  British  me- 
tropolis, CO.  of  Middlesex,  included  in  the  borough  of  Tower 
Hamlets,  2i  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.     Pop.  120,383. 

Step'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 


( 


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2535 


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Monroe  township,  12  milea  N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  2 
miles  from  Stepney  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stepney  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  Housatonie  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
has  2  churches,  the  Beach  Hill  Boarding-Sohool,  and  a 
manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Stepnitz,  stip'nits,  or  Stepenitz,  stSp'^-nits  (Gross, 
gr5ce,  and  Klein,  kline),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2159. 

Stepstone*  Kentucky.    See  Motikr. 

Steptoe,  stSp'to,  a  post-ofiice  of  Whitman  co..  Wash. 

Ster'lingf  a  county  of  western  Texas,  crossed  by  the 
Concho  River.     Capital,  Sterling  City. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Coosa  River.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chicot  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Mississippi  Riyer,  75  miles  above  Vioksburg.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Sterling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  Col. 

Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sterling  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  29  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Providence,  R.I.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  acids  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township 
has  granite-quarries  and  a  pop.  of  1022. 

Sterling,  Georgia.    See  Stbruno  Station. 

Sterling,  a  city  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  is  finely  situ- 
ated on  the  N.  bank  of  Rock  River,  in  Sterling  township, 
109  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  29  miles  E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and 
62  miles  E.N.B.  of  Rock  Island.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Chicago  &  Rook  River  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis, 
Rook  Island  <fc  Chicago  Railroad.  It  contains  14  churches, 
2  opera-houses,  a  high  school,  a  free  library,  a  national 
bank,  2  banking-houses,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  fine  hotel,  a 
public-school  house  which  cost  $80,000,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  flour,  school  furniture,  car- 
riages, burial-cases,  pumps,  sash,  doors,  &<s.  Here  are  4 
largo  flouring-mills,  the  Sterling  Iron- Works,  a  large  dis- 
tillery, and  foundries  and  machine-shops.  The  river  here 
affords  abundant  water-power  and  flows  through  beautiful 
scenery.     Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880,  5087;  in  1890,  5824. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1327. 

Sterling,  apost-village  in  Iowa  township,  JacKson  co., 
Iowa,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sabula,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Clinton.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Sterling,  a  post- village  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  Sterling 
township,  on  the  Arkansas  River  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
<fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  18i  miles  N.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  2  flour-mills,  several 
churches,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1641. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  &  Worcester  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Worcester,  and  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fitchburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  pottery. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1670. 

Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Deep 
River  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  34  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1711. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.  P.  654. 

Sterling,  apost-village  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  about 
90  miles  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  a  church,  2  quartz-mills, 
and  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Nemaha  River  and  the  Atchison  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad, 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sterling,  or  Stirling,  a  post-village  in  Passaic  town- 
ship, Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Oswego,  H  miles  N.  of  Sterling  Station,  and  2 
miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  237. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road, and  contains  a  village  named  Fairhaven.     Pop.  3046. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.     Pop.  1662. 

Sterling,  Cameron  co.,  Pa.    See  Sterling  Run. 

Sterling,  a  village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
division  (Moshannon  Branch)  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, about  1  mile  from  Houtzdale. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Pa.,  21  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Scranton.  It  has  several 
churches.  The  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad 
touches  the  S.\V .  part  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1454. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Polk  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  244. 


Sterling,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1280. 

Sterling  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  in  Diana  township, 
Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Indian  River,  about  24  miles  E.N.B. 
of  Watertown. 

Sterling  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township, 
Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  near  Lake  Lura,  about  22  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Mankato.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  &o. 

Sterling  City,  apost-village,  the  capital  of  Sterling 
CO.,  Tex.,  38  miles  N.W.  of  San  Angelo. 

Sterling  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  oo..  Conn., 
2  miles  from  Sterling  Station,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Sterling  Junction,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Fitchburg  &  Worcester  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Wor- 
cester. 

Sterling  Junction,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sterling  Moun- 
tain Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  car-foundry,  and  a  mill  for  cotton  twine. 

Sterling  Run,  a  post- village  in  Lumber  township, 
Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sinnemahoning  River  and  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  at  Sterling  Station,  9  milea 
S.  by  E.  of  Emporium.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sterling's  Mill,  a  post-township  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C., 
about  12  miles  from  Lumberton.     Pop.  1088. 

Sterling  Station,  a  post- village  of  Glynn  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Bruns- 
wick,    It  has  4  churches. 

Sterling  Station,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Oswego,  and  29  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

Sterling  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  IJ  miles  from  Sterling  Valley  Station  of 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  which  is  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  172. 

Ster'lingville,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Philadelphia  township,  on  Black  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Carthage.    It  has  a  blast-furnace  and  2  churches.    Pop.  250. 

Sterlitamak,  stdR-le-t&-m&k',  or  Sterlitamask, 
st^R-le-ti-misk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oofa,  at 
the  confluence  of  two  affluents  of  the  Belaia,  72  miles  S. 
of  Oofa.     Pop.  6037. 

Sternazia,  st£r-n&d'ze-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  S.S.E.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  1481. 

Sternberg,  stfiRn'bfiRS,  a  town  of  Moravia,  9  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  13,479,  who  manufacture  woollen 
and  linen  fabrics  and  hosiery. 

Sternberg,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  29  miles 
S.W.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  2465. 

Stern'erton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Independence. 

Ster'rett,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala. 

Sterrettauia,  ster-r^t-ta'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie 
CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Fairview  Station,  and  about  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac 

Sterrett's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo..  Pa.,  7  miles 
N.  by  B.  of  Carlisle. 

Sterzing,  st^Rt'sing,  or  Stdrzing,  stoRt'sing,  a  town 
of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Eisach,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Brixen. 

Stet'son,  a  post-village  in  Stetson  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  937. 

Stet'sonville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clark  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  62i  miles  N.W. 
of  Stevens  Point.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Stetten-am-Kalten-Markt,  st^t-t^n-lm-kil't^n- 
maRkt,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Sigmaringen. 

Stetten-im-Remsthale,  stdt't^n-im-rims't&M^h,  a 
town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  an  afBuent  of  the  Rems,  7  miles 
E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1941.     It  has  a  royal  residence. 

Stetten  -  unterm  -  Heuchelberg,  stfit't^n-SSn'- 
t9rm-hoi'K§l-bflRQ\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Brackenheim.     Pop.  1062. 

Stettin,  stSt-teen',  a  town,  next  to  Dantzic  the  chief 

?ort  of  the  Prussian  dominions,  capital  of  the  province  of 
omerania,  on  the  Oder,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Stettiner-Haff, 
79  miles  N.N.E.  of  Berlin,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
railway.  Lat.  53°  26'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  14°  34'  E.  It  has  a 
fortress,  government  house,  mint,  exchange,  arsenal,  the- 
atre, large  warehouses,  a  gymnasium,  observatory,  school 
of  navigation,  numerous  other  schools  and  literary  associ- 
ations, ship-building  docks,  sugar-refineries,  distilleries, 
breweries,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  hosi- 
ery, sail-cloth,  tobacco,  soap,  and  paper.     Vessels  drawinj; 


STB 


2536 


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less  than  8  feet  of  water  come  up  to  its  quays;  others  load 
and  unload  at  Swinemiinde.  The  principal  articles  of  im- 
port are  iron  and  copper,  dye-woods,  herrings,  salt,  coal, 
train  and  other  oils,  sugar,  coffee,  and  other  colonial  prod- 
ace.  Principal  exports,  grain,  wool,  oil-cake,  zinc,  and 
brandy.  A  large  annual  fair  for  wool  is  held  here  in  June. 
Stettin  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity.  In  1121,  Boleslas, 
Duke  of  Poland,  gainedpossession,  and  introduced  Christi- 
anity. The  peace  of  Westphalia  gave  it  to  the  Swedes. 
From  them  it  passed  to  the  Prussians,  with  whom,  with 
some  interruptions,  it  has  since  remained.  Pop.  in  1816, 
26,091  J  in  1861,68,487;  in  1886,99,550;  in  1890,  116,228. 

Stettin^  stSt-teen'  or  stSt'een,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mara- 
thon CO.,  Wis.,  in  Stettin  township,  about  44  miles  N.  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Wausau.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  909. 

Stettiner-UafT,  stfit-tee'n^r-h&fT,  Germany,  an  en- 
largement of  the  Oder,  consisting  of  the  Great  and  Little 
Haff,  immediately  N.  of  Stettin,  having  an  area  of  nearly 
200  square  miles;  depth,  from  12  to  18  feet.  It  receives 
the  river  Ucker  at  Uokermiinde,  and  communicates  with  the 
Baltic  Sea  by  three  outlets,  the  Peene,  Swine,  and  Dievenow. 

Stettin,  Nen,  Prussia.    See  Nkustettin. 

Steuben,  stu'b^n  or  stu-ben',  the  most  northeastern 
county  of  Indiana,  borders  on  Michigan.  Area,  about  320 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Pigeon  River  and  Fish 
Greek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  ash,  and 
other  trees.  It  contains  a  number  of  small  lakes.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wool,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Fort  Wayne  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad.  Capital,  Angola.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,864;  in 
1880,  14,646 ;  in  1890,  14,478. 

Stenben,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1490  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Canisteo,  Conhooton,  and  Tioga 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county  and 
form  the  Chemung  River.  Keuka  Lake  forms  part  of  its 
northeastern  boundary.  The  surface  is  an  undulating 
table-land,  diversified  with  broad  irregular  hills  and  deep 
valleys.  Forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  pine,  sugar-maple,  beech, 
elm,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  entire 
area.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  But- 
ter, hay,  oats,  wheat,  wool,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  buckwheat, 
and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  produced 
in  1870  more  oats  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  The 
quantity  was  1,638,117  bushels.  Devonian  sandstones  crop 
out  in  this  county.  Some  of  these  are  good  materials  for 
building.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
&  Western  Railroad  and  by  the  main  line  and  the  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  Another  railroad  extends 
from  Coming  to  the  coal-mines  of  Pennsylvania.  Capital, 
Bath.  Pop.  in  1870,  67,717;  in  1880,  77,686;  in  1890, 
81,473. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  HI.     Pop.  1478. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1253. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1068. 

Steuben,  a  station  in  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomfield. 

Steuben,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holmwood  township,  Jewell 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  96  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  is 
on  White  Rock  Creek,  or  Big  Timber  Creek. 

Steuben,  a  post-village  in  Steuben  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  48  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bangor.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
barrels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1062. 

Steuben,  a  post-hamlet  in  Steuben  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Utica.  The  Utica  &  Black 
River  Railroad  crosses  the  N.E.  part  of  the  township.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1221. 

Steuben,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Huron 
River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Sandusky  City.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Steuben,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.    See  Hboktowk. 

Steuben  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  from  Madisonville.     It  has  sulphur  springs. 

Steubenville,  stu'b^n-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo., 
Ky.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Somerset.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stenbenville,  a  city  of  Ohio,  and  the  capital  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  22  miles  above 
Wheeling,  and  68  miles  below  Pittsburg.  By  railroad  it  is 
43  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  150  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus, 
and  26  miles  N.  of  Bellaire.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Wheel- 
ing &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  the  last-named  of  which  here  crosses  the  river  on 


a  bridge.  The  site  of  the  town  is  an  elevated  plain.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  18  churches,  a  high  school,  the 
Steubenville  Female  Seminary,  2  national  banks,  3  other 
banks,  a  paper-mill,  the  largest  lamp-chimney  works  in 
the  world,  three  other  glabs-factories,  a  pottery,  2  rolling- 
mills,  several  machine-shops,  3  blast  furnaces  for  pig-iron, 
2  breweries,  an  artificial  ice  plant,  &e.,  and  printing-office* 
which  issue  3  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers.  The  Acme 
Glass-Works  employs  about  700  hands.  Rich  mines  of 
bituminous  coal  are  operated  at  and  near  this  place,  and 
the  city  is  also  supplied  with  natural  gas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8107 ;  in  1880,  12,093 ;  in  1890,  13,394. 

Steurowitz,  stoi'ro-^its^,  Gross,  groce,  and  Eleih, 
kline,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Austria,  in  Mora- 
via, near  Eisgrub.     Pop.  1700. 

Ste'vens,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cimarron  River.  Area,  about  672  square 
miles.     Capital,  Hugoton.     Pop.  in  1890,  1418. 

Stevens,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pom  me 
de  Terre  River,  which  runs  southward.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
grass,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  and  by  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Morris.  Pop.  in  1870, 
174;  in  1876,  786;  in  1880,  3911;  in  1890,  6261. 

Stevens,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  cen.  part  of  North  Da- 
kota, is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River. 

Stevens,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Washington, 
borders  on  British  Columbia.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and 
S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Cascade 
Range  of  mountains.  It  is  intersected  by  the  OkanagoQ 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Spokane.  It  contains 
extensive  prairies.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Spokane  Falls  &  North- 
ern Railroad.  Capital,  Colville.  Area,  6194  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1870,  734;  in  1880,  1246;  in  1890,  4341. 

Stevens,  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Cam- 
den &  Amboy  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Stevens,  Pa.     See  Reamstowm  Station. 

Ste'vensburg,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich. 

Steven sburg^,  a  post- village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  £.  of  Culpeper  Court-House,  and  about  76  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  steam- 
mill  for  grinding,  sawing,  Ac.     Pop.  160. 

Stevens  Creek,  South  Carolina,  runs  nearly  south- 
ward through  Edgefield  co.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River 
about  10  miles  above  Augusta,  Ga. 

Stevens  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  • 
few  miles  N.E.  of  Searcy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stevens  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Stevens'  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Huron,  3  miles  from  Amadore  Station. 

Ste'venson,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  at  the  eastern  terminus 
of  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Chattanooga,  59  miles  E.N.E.  of  Huntsville,  and  3  miles 
W.  of  the  Tennessee  River.     It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  750. 

Stevenson,  a  station  in  Buffalo  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Stevenson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa., 
about  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Honesdale. 

Stevenson  Station,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Green  Spring  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Stevens'  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Deering  township,  ^ 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  a  semi- 
nary, and  manufactures  of  leather  and  britannia-ware. 

Stevens  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Portage  co^ 
Wis.,  in  Stevens  Point  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wi 
consin  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Menasha,  85  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay,  an 
71  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.     It  contains  6  churches, 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  Catholic  acad  ^ 
emy,  and  several  mills.     It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  branch  I 
railroad  which  extends  to   Portage  City.     Lumber  is  its  j 
chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  7896. 

Ste'vensport,  a  hamlet  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Lane' 
township,  14  miles  N.  of  Booneville. 

Stevens's,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1918 

Ste'venston,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Saltcoats,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  3110. 

StevenstOAvn,  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.     See  Opolis. 

Ste'venstown,  a  post- village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  ob 
the  Black  River,  about  18  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 


STE 


2537 


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Ste'vensTille  (Kent  Island  Post-Offioe),  a  hamlet  of 
<iueen  Anne  oo.,  Md.,  on  Kent  Island,  whioh  is  in  Chesa- 
{)eake  Bay,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  3 
oburches.     Oysters  abound  here. 

Stevensville*  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Ber- 
rien CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
i»  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  nearly  1  mile  from  Lake 
Michigan.     It  has  a  ohuroh,  2  lumber-mills,  &o, 

Stevensville^  a  post-village  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana, 
«n  the  Bitter  Root  or  St.  Mary's  River,  about  34  miles  S. 
of  Missoula.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Stevensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  from  Liberty  Falls  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of 
Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill, 
^^ee  also  Stephensville. 

Stevensville,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  Wyalusing  Creek,  about  18  milea  E.  of 
Towanda.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Stevensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and  Queen  oo., 
Va.,  about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Ste'vensville,  a  post-village  in  "Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Black  Creek,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  17 
miles  from  Welland.     Pop,  100. 

Stevensweert,  sti'v§ns--<^aiRt%  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Limburg,  on  the  Mouse,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Roer- 
mond.     Pop.  1086. 

Steward,  Lee  co.,  111.    See  Heaton. 

Stew'ard's  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Steward's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex., 
7  miles  N.  of  Fairfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Stew'ardson,  or  Stew'artson,  a  post- village  in 
Prairie  township,  Shelby  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Padu- 
cah  Railroad,  at  Stewardson  Station,  12  miles  S.  of  Wind- 
sor. It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  10  stores,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  about  750. 

Stew'art,  a  western  county  of  Georgia,  borders  on 
Alabama.  Area,  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Hannahatchee  and  Pataula  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  oak,  &e.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Savannah,  Americus  &  Montgomery  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Lumpkin.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,204 ;  in  1880,  13,998 ;  in 
1890,  15,682. 

Stewart,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and 
is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  oak,  wild  cherry, 
walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  cot- 
ton, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  <fc  Mem- 
phis Railroad,  which  skirts  the  S.  boundary  and  crosses  the 
6.E.  corner.  It  has  several  iron-furnaces.  Capital,  Dover. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,019 ;  in  1880,  12,690 ;  in  1890,  12,193. 

Stewart,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  4  miles  N.E,  of  Americus. 

Stewart,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  4 
Alton  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Stewart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
B.W.  of  Ilarrodsburg.     It  baa  a  church. 

Stewart,  a  post-office  of  McLeod  oo.,  Minn. 

Stewart,  a  post-office  of  Pemiscot  co.,  Mo. 

Stewart,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on 
ibe  Hocking,  and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
13^  miles  E.  of  Athens.     It  has  several  mills  and  a  church. 

Stewart,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1266. 

Stewart,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo 
Hailroad,  15  milee  E.N.E.  of  Oil  City,  Pa. 

Stewart,  a  post- hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
jouisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
31arksville.     It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lime 

id  staves. 

Stewart,  Green  co..  Wis.    See  Postvillb. 

Stewart  Island,  an  island  of  New  Zealand,  S.  of 
'fiouth  Island.     See  New  Zealand. 

Stewart  Islands.    See  Solomon  Islands. 

Stew'arton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the 

mock,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Kilmarnock.  Pop.  3299. 
It  is  regularly  built,  and   has  manufactures  of   tartans, 

snnets,  caps,  carpets,  worsted,  spindles,  and  clocks. 

Stew'arton,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Connellsville  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  69  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Stewart's  Creek,  township,  Harnett  co,,  N.C.  P.  997. 
inn 


Stewart's  Creek,  township,  Surry  co.,  N.C.     P.  796. 

Stewart's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  11  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Stewart's  Fork,  Texas,  rises  in  Cook  co.,  and  enters 
the  West  Fork  of  Trinity  River  in  Tarrant  co, 

Stewartson,  Shelby  co,.  111.    See  Stewardson. 

Stewart's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Tionesta,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Titua- 
ville.     It  has  oil-wells. 

Stewart's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Eutaw. 

Stew'artstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Tyrone,  ? 
miles  N.N.E,  of  Dungannon.     Pop.  931. 

Stew'artstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stewartstown  town- 
ship, Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lancaster. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  starch.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  909. 

Stewartstown,  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  now  called  Etna. 

Stewartstown,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  Md.  It  has 
a  classical  institute,  3  churches,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  212. 

Stewartstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co,,  W. 
Va,,  on  or  near  the  Cheat  River,  about  54  miles  E,S.E.  of 
Wheeling,     Near  it  are  2  or  3  churches. 

Stew'artsviile,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co,,  Ala, 

Stewartsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  about 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school, 

Stewartsville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky. 

Stewartsville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Hannibal  &  St,  Joseph  Railroad,  21  miles  E,  of  St. 
Joseph,  It  has  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-office,  the 
Stewartsville  Seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop,  about  700. 

Stewartsville,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township, 
Warren  co,,  N,J.,  in  a  valley,  on  the  Morris  Canal  and  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  5^  miles  E. 
by  N,  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Stewartsville,  township,  Richmond  oo,,  N.C.   P.  3552, 

Stewartsville,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co,,  0,,  at 
Franklin  Station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7 
miles  W,  of  Bellaire,     Coal  is  mined  here, 

Stewartsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Larimer's 
Station,  and  about  15  miles  E.S.E,  of  Pittsburg,  It  has  2 
or  3  churches.     Coal  is  mined  near  it, 

Stewartsville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  E,  slope  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Liberty, 
It  has  a  church,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  2  stores. 

SteAvart  Town,  Ontario.     See  Esquesing. 

Stew'artville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn,, 
on  Root  River,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill, 

Stew'artville,  or  Bal'mer's  Island,  a  post-village 
in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Madawaska  River,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Arnprior.     Pop.  150. 

Steyer,  or  Steyr,  sti'^r,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Enns  and  Steyer,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Lintz.  Pop.  13,392.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls.  It  has  large 
and  important  manufactures  of  muskets  and  other  arms, 
cotton  and  cotton  velvets,  and  steel-  and  iron-wares. 

Steyeregg,  or  Steiereek,  sti'^r-fiK^  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Danube,  opposite  the  influx  of  the  Traun 
Pop.  1705,     It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls, 

Steyermark,  Austria.    See  Styria. 

Steyle,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Steele. 

Steyning,  sti'ning,  a  town  of  England,  in  Sussex,  t> 
miles  from  the  English  Channel,  and  12i  miles  S.  of  Hors- 
ham,    Pop,  of  parish,  1655. 

Stezzano,  stdt-s&'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  3 
miles  S.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2254. 

Stia,  stee'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  23  miles  £. 
of  Florence,  on  the  Upper  Arno.     Pop,  3280. 

Stice's  Shoal,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Stick'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo,,  on 
the  Muscle  River,  16  miles  E.  of  Milan.  It  baa  a  plough- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Stick'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  oo.,  Va.,  about  50 
miles  W.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Stiege,  stee'gb^h,  a  village  of  Brunswick,  on  the  Hassel, 
about  2  miles^E.  of  Ilasselfelde.     Pop,  1279, 

Stierne  Oerne,  steeR'n^h  o'dr-n^h,  an  island  grouB 
of  Norway,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bukke-Fiord,  N.W.  of 
Stavanger. 

StiernOe,  steeR'no^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  stift  of 


STI 


2538 


STI 


Christiansand,  in  the  North  Sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Skager-Kack,  5  miles  S.B.  of  Mandal. 

Stiernoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  proyince  of  Finmark, 
between  Altengaard  and  Hammerfest. 

Stitrier,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Altoona  and 
HoUidaysburg,  5i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Altoona,  Pa. 

Stiflesville,  sti'f^lz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo., 
111.,  about  42  miles  S.B.  of  Mattoon. 

Stigliano,  steel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata, 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Matera.     Pop.  5606. 

Stigliano,  a  village  of  Italy,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Rome, 
with  warm  springs,  the  ancient  Aqvse  Apolh'narea. 

Stikeen,  or  Stikine,  stik-een',  a  river  of  British  Co- 
lumbia and  Alaska,  has  several  forks  or  principal  head- 
streams,  flows  W.  for  275  miles,  and  reaches  Stikeen  Strait 
and  Frederick  Sound,  Alaska,  by  two  mouths,  the  larger 
in  lat.  56°  41'  N.,  Ion.  132°  22'  W.  The  river  is  noted  for 
its  grand  scenery  and  for  the  gold-mines  on  its  banks,  and 
is  navigated  in  its  lower  course  by  steamers. 

Stiles,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     See  Clark8VII,i,e. 

Stiles,  stilz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stiles,  a  post-village  in  Stiles  township,  Oconto  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Oconto  River,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Green  Bay, 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Oconto.  It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  453. 

Stilesborough,  stilz'bar-riih,  a  post-village  of  Bartow 
CO.,  Qa.,  on  the  Etowah  River  and  the  Cherokee  Railroad, 
about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
steam  mill,  &c. 

Stiles  (stilz)  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Syracuse. 

Stilesville,  stilz'vll,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  town- 
ship, Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  Mill  Creek,  about  13  miles  E. 
of  Greencastle.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Stilfserjoch,  the  German  name  of  the  Sthlvio. 

Stilles-Meer,  a  German  name  of  the  Pacific  Ocban. 

Still'man  Val'ley,  a  post-village  in  Marion  town- 
ship, Ogle  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  54 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stirior'gan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  6  miles  S.B. 
of  Dublin.     Pop.  512. 

Still  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  about  34 
miles  E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  furniture. 

Still  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Nashua  River  and  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.B.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  brick -yard. 

Still'water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles 
from  the  California  &  Oregon  Railroad. 

Stillwater,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Charles  City. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky.,  40  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Mount  Sterling. 

Stillwater,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  in  Stillwater  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  St. 
Croix  River  (here  expanded  into  a  narrow  lake),  19i  miles 
E.N.B.  of  St.  Paul,  and  about  7  miles  N.  of  Hudson.  It 
is  on  the  St.  Paul,  Stillwater  A  Taylor  Palls  Railroad. 
Steamboats  navigate  the  river  or  lake  above  and  below  this 
town.  It  contains  a  penitentiary,  a  fine  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  9  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  and  several  handsome  public  buildings.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  pine  lumber,  many  large  lumber-mills, 
a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  flour.  Stillwater  is  a  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  of  the  St.  Paul  *  Duluth  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5750 ;  in  1880,  9056 ;  in  1890,  11,260. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Yellowstone  co.,  Montana. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Churchill  oo., 
Nevada,  about  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Virginia  City. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village  in  Stillwater  township,  Sus- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Paulinskill,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newton. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township 
contains  several  lakes,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1632. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village  in  Stillwater  township,  Sar- 
atoga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  and 
on  the  Champlain  Canal,  23  miles  above  Albany,  and  about 
14  miles  S.B.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  5  churches,  2 
knitting-mills,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  lumber,  wool, 
Ac.  Pop.  737  ;  of  the  township  (which  comprises  part  of 
Mechaniosville),  3439.  At  this  place  General  Burgoyne 
attacked  General  Gates,  September  19,  1777,  and  was  re- 
pulsed, with  a  loss  of  about  500  men.  This  was  called  the 
hattle  of  Stillwater.     This  township  was  also  the  scene  of 


another  important  battle,  which  occurred  October  7,  1777, 
and  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  General  Burgoyne. 

StillAVater,  a  hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Still- 
water Creek,  about  35  milee  S.  of  Canton. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Payne  co., 
Okla..  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oklahoma.     Pop.  in  1890,  450. 

Stillwater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  on 
Fishing  Creek,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bloomsburg.     Pop.  99. 

Stillwater,  a  village  of  Smithfield  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Woonasquatuoket  River,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  graded  school,  and 
grist-  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  75. 

Stillwater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Tyler  Station. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  4  miles  from  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  130. 

Stillwater,  a  village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  th« 
Western  Counties  Railway,  33  miles  from  Halifax.  Pop.  100. 

Stillwater  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Darke  co.,  runs 
nearly  southeastward,  and  unites  with  Greenville  Creek  at 
Covington,  Miami  co.  , 

Stillwater  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Belmont  co.,  runs  in 
a  N.N.W.  direction,  intersects  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  the 
Tuscarawas  River  about  7  miles  below  New  Philadelphia. 
It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Stillwater  Junction,  a  station  on  the  St.  Paul,  Still- 
water &  Taylor  Falls  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Stillwater  Branch,  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Still'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  a  church. 

Stillwell,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  7  miles  S.B.  of  La  Porte, 
and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Stilo,  stee'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  dl 
Calabria,  20  miles  N.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  2200. 

Stil'son,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Stilson  Hollow,  New  York.    See  West  Windsor. 

Stil'ton's,  a  station  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.  of  Orangeburg  Court-House,  S.C. 

Stine's  (stinz)  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa. 

Stinesville,  stinz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Bean  Blossom 
township,  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  near  White  River,  and  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Gosport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- mill,  and  a  stone- 
quarry.     Pop.  140. 

StinesTille,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.    See  Steinsville. 

Stinking  Water,  Montana.    See  Passamari  Creek. 

Stin'son,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  oo..  Wis. 

Stip's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about 
38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has '2  churches. 

Stiria,  Austria-Hungary.     See  Stvria. 

Stir'Iing,  or  Stirlingshire^  stir'ling-shir,  a  county 
of  Scotland,  extending  almost  across  the  isthmus  between 
the  Firths  of  Clyde  and  Forth.  Area,  467  square  miles. 
Pop.  98,218.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  especially 
towards  the  W.  and  N.W.,  where  it  includes  Ben-Lomond; 
elsewhere  are  some  rich  vales.  Moors  and  bogs  prevail  in 
some  parts.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Forth,  Carron,  Endrick, 
Bannockburn,  and  Avon.  Coal,  ironstone,  and  freestone 
are  raised ;  ■  and  there  are  manufactures  of  carpets,  tartans, 
shalloons,  blankets  and  serges,  chemical  products,  and  paper  5 
here  also  are  some  large  cotton-mills,  foundries,  dye-works, 
and  distilleries.  The  chief  towns  are  Stirling,  Falkirk,  and 
Kilsyth.  The  county  is  divided  into  25  parishes,  and  send^ 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Stir'ling  (formerly  Stryvelyne  or  Estrivelin),  a 
burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  W. 
or  right  bank  of  the  Forth,  at  the  junction  of  several  rail- 
ways, 31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh,  and  26  miles  S.W. 
of  Perth.  Pop.  16,781.  In  the  beauty  of  its  site  it  rivals 
the  Scottish  metropolis.  It  stands  on  the  S.B.  declivity  of 
an  abrupt  hill,  up  which  a  spacious  main  street  leads  to  the 
ancient  castle,  whence  a  view  is  obtained  unequalled  for 
beauty  in  Britain.  Its  streets  generally  present  the  appear- 
ance of  modernized  antiquity,  being  interspersed  with  many 
residences  of  the  old  Scottish  nobles.  The  castle  was  a 
favorite  residence  of  James  V.,  and  contains  the  palace  and 
the  parliament  house  built  by  him,  but  now  used  as  bar- 
racks. The  church  in  which  James  VI.  was  crowned,  the  ] 
West  church,  and  numerous  other  places  of  worship,  the  re- 
mains of  several  ancient  ecclesiastical  edifices,  Cowan's  and  J 
other  hospitals,  the  town  hall,  athenaeum,  corn  exchange, 
jail,  Bank  of  Scotland,  and  the  old  walls  and  bridfres,  arwl 


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among  the  most  conspicuous  structures.  It  has  a  grammar- 
school  and  other  endowed  schools,  large  endowments  for 
the  poor,  public  libraries  and  reading-rooms,  a  mechanics' 
institute,  and  several  branch  banks.  Vessels  of  150  tons 
can  reach  its  quays ;  and  it  has  an  extensiye  coasting  and 
export  trade  in  wool,  and  in  the  products  of  its  manufac- 
tures, which  comprise  tartans,  shawls,  oils,  cotton  stuffs, 
ropes,  malt,  leather,  and  soap.  The  dyeing  of  yarns,  woollen 
cloths,  silks,  and  other  fabrics  is  extensive.  The  imports 
consist  chiefly  of  timber,  coals,  bricks,  tiles,  lime,  and  large 
quantities  cf  oom.  The  burgh  unites  with  Dunfermline, 
Culross,  Inverkeithing,  and  South  Queensferry  in  sending 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Near  Stirling  are 
the  remains  of  Cambuskenneth  Abbey ;  and  not  far  from 
the  town,  June  24,  1314,  was  fought  the  famous  battle  of 
Bannockburn. 

Stir'Iing,  a  post-ofSce  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga.,  about  88 
miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  yel- 
low pine. 

Stirling,  of  Illinois  and  New  Jersey.    See  Sterling. 

Stir'ling  (formerly  Raw'don),  a  village  in  Hastings 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Rawdon  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Trent,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  a  large  flour-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  15  stores,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1300. 

Stir'rup  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Macoupin  co.,  111., 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield. 

Stir'ton,  a  post-village  in  "Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Conestogo  River,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elora.    Pop.  150. 

Stis'sing,  a  post-ofBce  and  station  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie. 

Stith'ton,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  29  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Louisville. 

Stitts,  a  station  in  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road (Paterson  A  Newark  Branch),  4  miles  N.  of  Newark. 

Stitts'ville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Canada  Central  Railway,  14i  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  carding-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Stitt'ville,  a  post- village  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  10  miles  N. 
of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  243. 

Stitz'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  22  miles  by 
railway  S.  of  Woodman.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stobi,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Istip. 

Stobnica,  stob-neet's4,  a  town  of  Poland,  32  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kielce.     Pop.  2715. 

Stock,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     Pop.  771. 

Stock,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1650. 

Stockach,  stok'k3,K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Stookaoh, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.  Pop.  2038.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollens.  In  1799  the  Austrians  here  defeated  the 
French. 

Stock'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Hants,  on  the 
river  Test,  and  on  the  Andover  Canal,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Winchester.     Pop.  853. 

Stock'bridge,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta.     Here  is  a  church. 

Stockbridge,  a  beautiful  post- village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Berkshire  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Stockbridge  township,  on 
the  Housatonic  River  and  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Great  Bar- 
rington.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  public  library,  a 
high  school,  2  schools  for  young  ladies,  a  large  summer 
hotel,  and  3  churches.  A  monument  has  been  erected  here 
to  Jonathan  Edwards,  who  resided  in  Stockbridge.  The 
township  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  presents 
admirable  scenery.  It  contains  Curtisville  and  Glendale. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  2357  j  in  1890,  2132 

Stockbridge,  a  post-village  in  Stockbridge  township, 
Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  69  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  about  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  872. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica,  is  intersected  by  Oneida 
Creek,  and  by  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad. 
It  contains  villages  named  Knoxville  and  Munnsville. 
Stockbridge  Post-Office  and  Station  are  at  Knoxville,  which 
is  often  called  Stockbridge.    Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1845. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stockbridge  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  White  River, 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church.  The 
township  contains  Gaysville.     Pop.  of  township,  1269. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-village  in  Stockbridge  township, 
Calamet  co..  Wis.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago, 


about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lao,  and  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Neenah.  It  has  a  high  school,  8  churches,  a  brick-yard, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2092. 

Stock'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Eel  River,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Peru. 

Stockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  on  Big 
Blue  River,  and  on  the  Manhattan  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Manhattan. 

Stockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
33  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  3  stores. 

Stock'dale,  formerly  Pow'ell's  Mills,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  2  carding-mills,  a  saw-  and  flouring-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Stockeran,  stok'k^h-rSw^,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Danube,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Korneuburg, 
and  connected  with  Vienna  by  railway.  Pop.  5232,  who 
manufacture  military  uniforms,  linen  fabrics,  and  liqueurs. 

Stock'ertown,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
about  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton. 

Stock'ham,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Stockheim,  stock'hime,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Limbourg,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Maaseyck.     Pop.  1000. 

Stokhod,  sto-Kod',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W. 
of  Volhynia,  flows  N.N.E.  into  Minsk,  and  joins  the  right 
bank  of  the  Pripets  near  the  confines  of  the  government 
of  Grodno.     Total  course,  110  miles. 

Stockholm,  stok'holm  (L.  Hol'mia;  Sp.  Estocolmo, 
5s-to-kol'mo  ;  It.  Stocolma,  sto-kol'mi),  a  city  and  capital 
of  Sweden,  beautifully  situated  between  Lake  Maelar  and 
the  Baltic,  330  miles  N.E.  of  Copenhagen,  and  440  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Lat.  59°  20'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  18° 
3'  45"  E.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  42.2°;  winter, 
26° ;  summer,  60°  F.  It  stands  partly  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides 
of  the  strait,  between  the  lake  and  the  sea,  and  partly  on 
several  islands,  connected  with  the  mainland  and  with  one 
another  by  bridges.  When  approached  from  the  Baltic,  the 
appearance  presented  by  the  city  is  very  grand  and  im- 
posing ;  but  a  still  better  view  is  obtained  from  the  Mose- 
backe,  a  rugged  hill  on  the  S.  side  of  the  mainland.  The 
panorama  in  many  respects  resembles  that  of  Venice,  but 
far  surpasses  it  in  natural  beauty.  The  whole  site  covers 
an  area  of  nearly  5  square  miles,  and  has  a  circuit  of  about 
9  miles.  A  strong  citadel  has  been  erected  on  the  small 
island  of  Kastellholm,  while  the  works  of  Waxholm  have 
been  so  strengthened  as  to  command  the  only  channel  by 
which  a  hostile  approach  by  sea  could  be  attempted.  The 
principal  part  of  the  city  proper  is  situated  on  the  three 
islands  of  Gustavsholm,  Riddarsholm,  and  Helgeandsholm. 
It  consists  for  the  most  part  of  narrow  and  crooked  streets 
and  lanes,  though  many  of  the  most  interesting  objects 
which  the  town  possesses  are  situated  within  it.  Norrmalm, 
on  the  N.,  separated  from  the  city  proper  by  the  Norrstrom, 
and  SSdermalm,  on  the  S.,  separated  from  it  by  the  Soder- 
strom,  though  considered  only  as  its  suburbs,  far  surpass  it 
both  in  extent  and  in  regularity  of  structure.  The  nouses 
in  the  city  are  generally  of  stone,  but  in  the  suburbs  more 
frequently  of  brick,  stuccoed. 

By  far  the  finest  of  the  public  buildings  is  the  palace, 
which,  situated  on  the  highest  part  of  Gustavsholm,  is  seen 
towering  with  its  vast  and  massive  walls  above  the  neigh- 
boring houses.  It  was  commenced  in  1697  and  was  com 
pleted  in  1753.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  quadrangle,  with  2 
wings,  and  encloses  a  large  court.  Besides  the  apartmenti 
of  the  royal  family,  and  the  chapel,  it  contains  a  royal 
library  with  some  curious  manuscripts,  and  a  museum  pos- 
sessing many  valuable  Northern,  Tuscan,  and  Egyptian  an- 
tiquities, a  cabinet  of  coins  and  medals,  one  of  the  finest 
collections  of  the  kind,  and  a  picture-gallery,  with  speci- 
mens of  almost  all  the  great  masters. 

The  churches  are  about  20  in  number,  but  few  of  them 
possess  much  architectural  merit.  The  oldest  is  St.  Nic- 
olas, in  which  the  sovereigns  are  crowned.  The  Rid- 
darsholm Kyrka  possesses  considerable  historical  interest 
from  containing  the  ashes  of  a  long  line  of  Swedish  mon- 
archs.  The  church  of  Adolphus  Frederick,  in  the  Norr- 
malm, is  rendered  conspicuous  by  its  elegant  tower  crowned 
by  a  copper  dome.  The  other  public  edifices  deserving  of 
notice  are  the  beautiful  national  museum,  governor's  house, 
facing  the  quay,  on  which  a  granite  obelisk  in  honor  of 
Gustavus  III.  has  been  erected,  the  Riddarhuus,  where  the 
states  and  the  academy  of  sciences  hold  their  meetings,  the 
exchange,  the  mint,  with  a  good  collection  of  minerals,  the 
town  house,  the  post-office,  bank,  merchant-house,  royal 
theatre,  opera-house,  arsenal,  and  barracks. 

Among  the  educational  establishments  are  a  medical  col- 
lege, a  technological  institute,  a  navigation  school,  and  m 


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school  of  design.  The  principal  benevolent  institutions  are 
a  blind  and  deaf-and-dumb  asylum,  a  lunatic  asylum,  the 
Seraphim  Infirmary,  occupying  a  handsome  edifice,  with 
lofty  and  spacious  apartments  and  300  beds,  Danvik's 
Hospital,  the  Burgher  Widows'  Hospital,  and  the  Garrison 
Infirmary.  The  associations,  literary,  scientific,  artistic,  &o., 
are  very  numerous,  and  include,  among  others,  the  academy 
of  sciences,  possessing  a  fine  zoological  museum,  the  Swedish 
Academy,  the  academy  of  history  and  antiquities,  the 
musical  academy,  and  medical,  agricultural,  and  horticul- 
tural societies.  Stockholm  has  also  a  botanic  garden,  and 
several  clubs  and  reading-rooms. 

The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  woollen,  linen,  cotton, 
and  silk  goods,  porcelain  and  stoneware,  glass,  refined  sugar, 
tobacco,  and  ironware,  including  castings  and  machinery. 
The  harbor,  though  somewhat  difScult  of  access,  is  capa- 
cious, and  has  depth  of  water  sufficient  for  the  largest  ves- 
sels at  its  quays.  The  principal  exports  are  iron,  copper, 
tar,  and  timber ;  the  imports,  colonial  produce,  wine,  fruit, 
salt,  &c.  The  inland  trade  is  also  of  considerable  extent, 
and  is  facilitated  by  canals  and  railways,  which  traverse  a 
large  portion  of  the  country. 

Stockholm  was  founded  about  1260,  by  Birger  Jarl.  It 
was  fortified  at  an  early  period,  and  stood  several  sieges. 
One  of  the  most  memorable  of  these  was  in  1501,  when  it 
was  defended  against  the  Swedes,  for  the  crown  of  Den- 
mark, by  the  Danish  Queen  Christina ;  another,  still  more 
memorable,  was  in  1520,  when  Christina  Gyllenstierna, 
widow  of  Sten  Sture,  held  it  for  the  Swedes  against  the 
perfidious  Christian  II.  The  capitulation  made  was  shame- 
fully violated  by  the  king,  and  was  followed  by  the  war  of 
liberation,  which,  conducted  by  Gustavus  Vasa,  at  length 
terminated  by  the  expulsion  of  the  Danes  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  Sweden  as  an  independent  kingdom.  Pop.  in 
1863,  124,691;  in  1883,  194,469;  in  1892,  252,674. 

Stockholm )  a  Isen  or  province  of  Sweden.  Area,  2995 
square  miles.     Capital,  Stockholm.     Pop.  (1892)  154,269. 

Stock'holm,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  334. 

Stockholm,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.     P.  917. 

Stockholm,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  near 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Pater- 
gon.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Stockholm,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  St.  Regis  River,  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Potsdam. 
It  is  drained  by  the  St.  Regis  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Ogdensburg&  Lake  Champlain  Railroad.  It  contains  East 
Stockholm  (Stockholm  Post-OSice),  West  Stockholm,  North 
Stockholm,  Southville,  and  Stockholm  Depot.     Pop.  3650. 

Stockholm,  a  post-village  in  Stockholm  township, 
Pepin  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Pepin,  3  miles  from  Lake  City 
Station,  about  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  606. 

Stockholm  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  hotel 
and  a  store. 

Stockholm  Depot,  New  York.    See  Brasher  Falls. 

Stock'ing  Harbor,  a  hamlet  on  the  N.  side  of  Green 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from  Tilt  Cove.     Pop.  100. 

Stock'ington,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles 
from  Alloway  Station. 

Stock'land,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co..  111.  Pop.  687. 

Stockland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miontgomery  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  from  Montgomery  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stock'ley,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Breakwater  &  Frankford  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Georgetown. 

Stockorn,  or  Stockhorn,  stock'hoRn,  a  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  18  miles  S.  of  Bern.  It  has  2 
conical  peaks,  one  of  which  rises  7211  feet  above  the  sea. 

Stock'port,  a  borough  of  England,  cos.  of  Chester  and 
Lancaster,  on  the  Mersey,  at  the  influx  of  the  Tame,  at  a 
railway  junction,  6i  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  The  Mer- 
sey is  joined  here  by  the  Tame  and  crossed  by  several 
bridges.  The  town  occupies  an  elevated,  uneven  site,  on 
which  the  houses  rise  in  irregular  tiers,  giving  it  at  all 
times  a  picturesque  and  striking  appearance.  The  streets, 
though  steep  and  narrow,  are  well  pared,  and  lighted  with 
gas,  and  the  supply  of  water  is  abundant.  Besides  the  town 
proper  there  are  several  extensive  suburbs,  as  Heaton-Nor- 
ris,  Edgeley,  Portwood,  &c.  The  principal  buildings  and 
establishments  are  the  parish  church  of  St.  Mary,  a  hand- 
some modern  structure  with  an  ancient  chancel,  St.  Thomas' 
church,  an  elegant  edifice  in  the  Grecian  style,  St.  Peter's 
church,  Christ  church  in  Heaton-Norris,  with  a  fine  spire, 
St.  Paul's  church  in  Portwood,  in  the  Gothic  style,  barracks, 
court-house,  and  union  house,  grammar-school,  British, 
national,  and  other  schools,  the  mechanics'  institute,  the  in- 
firmary, occupying  a  handsome  stone  building,  the  cemetery. 


covering  a  large  plot  of  ground,  and  the  railway  viaduct,  a 
magnificent  structure,  which  spans  the  Mersey  and  a  great 
portion  of  the  town. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  manufacture  of  the  town;  and,  in 
addition  to  numerous  large  factories,  there  are  print-, 
bleach-,  and  dye-works.  The  winding  and  throwing  of  silk 
has  declined,  as  well  as  the  manufacture  of  silk  goods, 
thread,  brushes,  Ac.  There  are  also  several  engine-  and 
machine-shops,  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  breweries,  and 
brick -works.  Stockport,  being  situated  at  the  junction  of 
several  Roman  roads,  is  supposed  to  have  been  an  important 
Roman  station.  During  the  last  civil  war,  Stockport  was 
garrisoned  by  the  Parliamentarians,  and  became  the  scene 
of  some  severe  struggles  between  them  and  the  royalists. 
Pop.  in  1881,  69,553;  in  1891,  70,253. 

Stock'port,  a  post-village  in  Stockport  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of 
Claverack  Creek,  26  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  5^  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  is  nearly  li  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson 
River,  which  is  the  W.  boundary  of  the  township.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  corn- 
huskers.  The  township  contains  Columbiaville  and  Stott- 
Tille,  also  3  paper-mills,  3  woollen-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1648. 

Stockport,  a  post- village  in  Windsor  township,  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  about  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  6  stores,  and  a 
large  warehouse.     Pop.  289. 

Stockport,  a  hamlet  in  Buckingham  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Stockport  Station 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Honesdale.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stockport  Station  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad 
is  4  miles  N.  of  Hudson,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y. 

Stockport  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  the  Erie  Railroad,  15i 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York. 

Stocks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.. 
15  miles  N.  of  Asheville.     It  has  3  churches  and  3  stores. 

Stock'ton,  a  post-village  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  th6 
E.  bank  of  the  Tensas  River,  36  miles  above  Mobile.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  rosin,  and  turpen- 
tine.   The  Tensas  River  is  navigable. 

Stockton,  a  city  of  California,  and  the  capital  of  San 
Joaquin  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  in 
an  extensive  fertile  plain  (a  part  of  the  great  central  val- 
ley of  California),  48  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sacramento,  and  92 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  about  3  miles  E. 
of  the  San  Joaquin  River,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a 
navigable  channel.  Lat.  37°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  14'  W.  Two 
lines  of  steamboats  ply  daily  between  Stockton  and  San 
Francisco.  Stockton  contains  a  fine  granite  court-house 
costing  (1891)  $350,000,  13  churches,  a  Jewish  synagogue, 
2  theatres,  a  national  gold  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  branch  of  the  banking-house  of  Wells,  Fargo  A 
Co.,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  4  flour-mills  with  a  daily 
capacity  each  of  about  1500  barrels  of  flour,  2  tanneries, 
2  foundries,  3  planing-mills,  extensive  manufactures  of 
farming-implements,  wheels,  street-cars,  pottery  (with  a 
specialty  of  colored  ware  in  fine  goods  and  sanitary  crocks), 
carriages,  chairs,  soap,  &c.  The  city  has  also  a  high  school, 
7  grammar-schools,  a  state  asylum  for  the  insane  with  about 
1400  patients,  a  convent,  2  public  libraries,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  is 
partly  supplied  with  water  by  artesian  wells  (one  of  which 
is  1000  feet  deep),  and  has  16  natural  gas-wells,  each  yield- 
ing from  26,000  to  100,000  feet  daily.  The  insane  asylum 
has  2  wells  giving  76,000  feet  daily,  which  light  and  heat 
all  the  buildings.  Stockton  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Stockton  &  Merced  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Cop- 
peropolis  Railroad.  Large  quantities  of  wheat  are  shipped 
here.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,066;  in  1880,  10,282;  in  1890, 
14,424;  in  1893  (city  census),  17,759. 

Stockton,  a  post-village  of  Clinch  co.,  Ga.,  9  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Valdosta.     It  has  3  churches. 

Stockton,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  about 
22  miles  W.  of  Freeport.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  a 
village  named  Plum  River.     Pop.  1352. 

Stockton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of 
Hays  City.     It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Stockton,  a  post-village  in  Stockton  township,  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Penob- 
scot River,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belfast,  and  about  25  miles 
S.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  fine 
hotel  for  summer  boarders  on  Cape  Jellison.  It  is  partly 
supported  by  ship-building.     Pop.  of  township,  2089. 


STO 


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STO 


Stockton^  a  post-village  of  Worcester  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill.  It  has  3 
churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Stockton^  a  post-village  in  Hillsdale  township,  Winona 
DC,  Minn.,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.  of  Winona.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  flouring-mills. 

Stockton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  co,,  Mo., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Sao 
River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  700. 
Copper,  lead,  and  zinc  are  found  in  Cedar  co. 

Stockton,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Neb. 

Stockton,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3532. 
It  contains  Cramer's  Hill,  Pavonia,  and  Wrightsville.    See 

also  CEITTREVIIiLE. 

Stockton,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Delaware  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Lambertville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and 
quarries  of  freestone.  It  is  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad. 

Stockton,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Dun- 
kirk, Warren  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  contains  a  village 
named  Cassadaga.  It  has  several  cheese-factories.  Pop. 
1835.     Stockton  Post-Office  is  at  Delakti  (which  see). 

Stockton,  a  mining  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
in  Hazle  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Hazleton,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Stockton  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  and  about  250  dwellings.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Stockton,  a  post-office  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn. 

Stockton,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Tooele 
CO.,  Utah,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  7  miles  S. 
Dy  W.  of  Tooele  Railroad  Station.  It  has  mines  of  silver 
and  lead,  and  2  smelting-furnaoes. 

Stockton,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Va. 

Stockton,  a  post-township  of  Portage  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
1267.  Stockton  Post-Office  is  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minne- 
sota Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Plover. 

Stockton-on-Tees,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tees,  opposite  South 
Stockton,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Darlington,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  several  railways.  It  is  one  of  the  best-built  towns 
in  the  N.  of  England,  and  has  a  town  hall,  custom-house, 
theatre,  mechanics*  institute,  and  a  subscription  library. 
It  has  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  rope,  linens,  and  worsted, 
ship-building  yards,  iron-  and  brass-works,  breweries,  and 
corn-mills.  The  harbor  has  been  improved  so  as  to  admit 
vessels  of  300  tons,  and  the  town,  having  been  made  a 
bonding-port  for  certain  goods,  has  become  the  centre  of  a 
considerable  trade,  both  coastwise  and  foreign.  The  prin- 
cipal foreign  exports  are  lead  and  coal ;  the  imports,  timber 
for  ship-building  and  ordinary  purposes,  tallow,  &e.  Pop. 
in  1881,  41,015;  in  1891,  49,708.    See  South  Stockton. 

Stockton  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Mattoon. 
It  contains  a  church  and  an  academy.  Here  is  Loxa  Post- 
Office. 

Stock'ville)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Frontier  co.,  Neb., 
on  Little  Medicine  Creek,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Plum 
Creek  Station.    Pop.  in  1890,  227. 

Stock'well,  a  post- village  in  Lauramie  township,  Tip- 
pecanoe CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafa- 
yette Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  contains 
a  church,  and  theStockwell  Collegiate  Institute.     Pop.  403. 

Stock  Yards,  a  cattle-market  and  post-office  (branch 
of  the  Chicago  post-office)  in  Cook  co..  111.  Here  are  2 
lurches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  weekly  newspaper  office. 

Stock  Yards,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Sto'co,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Stoco,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Stocolma,  the  Italian  name  of  Stockholu. 

Stod'dard,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  840  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Castor  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  St.  Francis  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  occu- 
pied by  swamps  or  shallow  lakes  and  forests  of  cypress  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  was 
injured  by  the  earthquake  of  1811.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
A  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Bloomfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3535 ;  in  1880,  13,431 ;  in  1890,  17,327. 

Stoddard,  a  post-village  in  Stoddard  township,  Che- 
shire CO.,  N.H.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Eeene,  and  33 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Concord.    Pop.  of  the  township,  667. 


Stoddard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  oo.,  Wis.,  10  miles 

S.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stod'dartsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  a  church. 

Stoke  Fer'ry,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Norfolk,  on 
the  Wissey,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich. 

Stoke  Po'ges,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Windsor.  It  has  almshouses  founded  by 
the  Penn  family,  whose  seat  is  in  this  parish.  The  poet 
Gray  is  buried  in  the  church-yard,  which  is  the  supposed 
scene  of  his  immortal  elegy. 

Stoke  Pri'or,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester, 
on  the  Worcester  &  Birmingham  Canal  and  the  Birmingham 
&  Gloucester  Railway,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Droitwich.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1893. 

Stokes,  stoks,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Dan  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  largely  covered  by  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  hickory,  &o,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  found  here. 
The  Cape  Fear  4  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad  traverses  the 
southern  part  of  the  county.  Capital,  Danbury.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,208;  in  1880,  16,353;  in  1890,  17,199. 

Stokes,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  IlL    Pop.  1673. 

Stokes,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  1652. 

Stokes,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.    Pop.  1324. 

Stokes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lee  tows- 
ship,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Rome. 

Stokes*  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darlington  oo., 
S.C,  on  Lynch's  Creek,  21  miles  W.  of  Darlington  Court- 
House. 

Stokesdale,  stoks'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  2J 
miles  N.  of  Wellsborough.     It  has  a  tannery.     Pop.  300. 

Stokesley,  stoks'le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton-on-Tees.    P.  1877. 

Stokes'  (stoks'iz)  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.. 
Mo.,  about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Stokes  Station,  a  post-office  of  White  oo..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Carmi. 

Stoketon,  stok't9n,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  oo., 
Quebec,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  100. 

Stoke-npon- Trent,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Stafford,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways.  The  parliamentary  borough,  which  is  of  great 
extent,  includes  the  populous  district  of  the  Potteries,  em- 
bracing several  towns,  among  which  are  Burslem,  Lane 
End,  Longton,  Hanley,  and  other  seats  of  the  pottery- 
manufacture.  The  town,  situated  on  the  Trent,  has  under- 
gone great  improvements,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  amply 
supplied  with  water ;  it  has  a  handsome  parish  church,  a 
national  school,  an  elegant  town  hall,  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  china  and  earthenware,  and,  connected  with  these, 
numerous  wharves,  warehouses,  mills,  and  other  buildings. 
The  borough  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop.  of 
town,  in  1881,  19,261  ;  in  1891,  24,027. 

Stolatz,  sto'lS,ts,  a  town  of  Herzegovina,  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Mostar.     Pop.  3500. 

Stolberg,  stol'bfiHO,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  7  miles 
E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Inde  and  Vicht.  Pop.  10,252. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  needles,  and  cutlery. 
Adjoining  the  town  is  Stolbergburg  Castle. 

Stolberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony,  49 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg,  in  the  Harz.  Pop.  2274.  It 
has  a  fine  castle,  and  paper-,  oil-,  and  gunpowder-mills. 

Stolberg,  or  Stollberg,  stoll'b^RG,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
circle  of  Zwickau,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  6326, 
engaged  in  manufactures  of  woven  fabrics  and  in  mining. 

Stol  bovoi,  stol-bo-voi',  an  island  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Lena  and  New 
Siberia. 

Stolnatz,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Erotzka. 

Stoipe,  stol'p^h,  or  Stolp,  stolp,  a  river  issuing  front 
a  lake  on  the  frontiers  of  West  Prussia,  falls  into  the  Bal- 
tic after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Stoipe,  or  Stolp,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on 
the  navigable  Stoipe,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  its  mouth.  Pop. 
18,328.  It  has  a  castle,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
fabrics,  a  salmon-fishery,  and  a  trade  in  amber. 

Stolpemtinde,  storp^h-mlinM^h,  or  Stolpmtinde, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  the  Baltic,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Stoipe,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stoipe.     Pop.  1880. 

Stolwyk,  stol'^ik,  Stolwyck,  or  Stolwijk,  stol'- 
^ik,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1794. 


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Stolz,  stolts,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government 
nd  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1262. 

Stolzenan,  stolts'§h-n5w\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, on  the  Weser,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Minden.     P.  1424. 

Stol'zenbach,  a  post-oflBce  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas, 
about  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Stolzenhahn,  stolts'§n-h|n^,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  20 
miles  from  Carlsbad.     Pop.  1175. 

Stommelen,  stom'm^h-l^n,  or  Stommeln,  stom'- 
m§ln,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
logne.    Pop.  1900. 

Stone,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Stafford,  on  the  Trent  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal,  at  a 
railway  junction.  The  town  is  well  built,  has  a  workhouse, 
and  manufactures  of  beer,  shoes,  and  leather.     Pop.  3732. 

Stone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  White  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating, and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  cotton,  grass,  <fcc.,  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  an  area  of  619  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Mountain  View.     Pop.  in  1880,  5089 ;  in  1890,  7043. 

Stone,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  516  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  James 
River,  which  enters  White  River  in  the  S.  part  of  this 
county.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
eral resources  are  iron  and  lead.  Capital,  Galena.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3263;  in  1880,  4404;  in  1890,  7090. 

Stone,  Pickens  co.,  Ala.    See  Paibfibld. 

Stone,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    See  Clarke. 

Stone,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Stone,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Stone  Ara'bia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Palatine  township,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Amster- 
dam.    It  has  2  churches. 

Stone  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  oo..  Wis.,  on 
Kauchee  Lake,  3  miles  from  Nashotah,  and  about  28  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Stone  Bluffs,  a  post-office  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indiana  North  &  South  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Attica. 

Stoneborough,  ston'biir-ruh,  a  post-borough  of  Mer- 
cer CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Jamestown  &  Franklin  Railroad,  21 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Franklin,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Mercer.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  extensive  coal-mines.    P.  (1890)  1398. 

Stone  Bridge,  a  station  of  the  Warwick  Valley  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  N.E.  of  Warwick,  N.Y. 

Stone  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

Stone  Bridge,  a  village  in  Tiverton  township,  New- 
port CO.,  R.I.,  near  Tiverton  Depot.  It  has  Baptist  and 
Unitarian  churches,  and  a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  225. 

Stonebridge,  Ontario.     See  Humberstone. 

Stone  Church,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  111. 

Stone  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Stone  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.    See  Centreville. 

Stone  City,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Ana- 
mosa.     Here  are  large  stone-quarries. 

Stone  Cor'ral,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  from  Peace. 

Stone  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.,  on 
or  near  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  about 
«  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dover. 

Stone  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

Stone'field,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Ottawa,  59  miles  from  Montreal.  It  has  a 
saw-mill,  tannery,  potash-factory,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Stone  Fort,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  111.,  in  Stone 
Fort  township,  on  the  Cairo  <fc  Vinoennes  Railroad,  55  miles 
N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  798. 

Stoneham,  ston'am,  township,  Oxford  co..  Me.     P.  425. 

Stoneham,  a  post- village  in  Stoneham  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  <fc 
Nashua  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  is  li  miles  from 
the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  (Stoneham  Station),  and  is 
connected  with  Boston  by  horse- railroad.  It  has  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  6  churches,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  Pop.  of  the  township,  6155. 

Stoneham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  '^  S.E.  of  Warren. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 


Stoneham,  st5n'am,  a  post-village  and  township  in 
Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  22  miles  N.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  4 
saw-mills  and  a  store.     Pop.  450. 

Stonehaven,  ston-h^'ven  (sometimes  called  Stane- 
hive),  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  oo.  of 
Kincardine,  on  the  E.  coast,  14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aber- 
deen. Lat.  56°  58'  N.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town, 
connected  by  a  bridge  across  the  Carron.  The  town  has 
many  handsome  residences,  several  banks,  a  free  school, 
thriving  haddock-  and  herring-fisheries,  manufactures  of 
cottons  and  linens,  a  distillery,  and  a  brewery.  Pop.  3396. 
Adjacent  is  the  fishing-village  of  Cowie. 

Stonehenge,  ston'hSnj,  the  remains  of  a  great  pre- 
historic structure  in  England,  oo.  of  Wilts,  on  Salisbury 
Plain,  8i  milee  N.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  consists  of  2  cir- 
cles of  vast  stones,  partly  remaining  upright  and  partly 
lying  prostrate,  and  which  average  14  feet  in  elevation,  7 
feet  in  breadth,  and  3  feet  in  thickness,  generally  estimated 
to  weigh  from  10  to  12  tons,  though  some  must  exceed  30 
tons  in  weight,  and  the  two  largest  70  tons  each.  The  outer 
circle,  of  which  17  out  of  30  stones  remain  upright,  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  trench,  and  separated  by  an  interval,  8  feet 
across,  from  an  inner  circle  of  smaller  upright  stones,  within 
which  are  two  groups,  having  between  them  a  large  flat 
stone,  termed  the  altar.  Near  this  monument  is  a  raised 
terrace,  with  an  artificial  flat  surface  termed  a  c«r«w«. 

Stone  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oxford  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
copper-mine,  and  a  smelting-furnace. 

Stone  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Stone'house,  or  East  Stonehouse,  a  parish  of 
England  and  suburb  of  Plymouth,  co.  of  Devon,  on  its  W. 
side,  between  it  and  Devonport.  Pop.  14,585.  It  is  well 
built,  mostly  of  stone,  and  has  several  batteries,  extensive 
barracks,  the  victualling-office,  and  naval  hospital. 

Stonehouse,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hamilton,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  2623. 

Stone  House  Mountain,  a  hamlet  of  Culpeper  co., 
Va.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Culpeper  Court-House. 

Stoneleigh,ston'lee,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  War- 
wick, on  the  London  &  Birmingham  Railway,  and  on  the 
Sowe,  a  little  above  its  junction  with  the  Avon,  4  miles  S. 
of  Coventry.     Pop.  1201. 

Stone  liick,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Stone 
Lick  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1880.     It  contains  Owensville. 

Stonelick  (ston'lik^)  Creek,  of  Ohio,  enters  the  East 
Fork  of  Little  Miami  River  in  Clermont  co. 

Stone  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  a  cheese- factory.     Pop.  about  140. 

Stone  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas, 

Stone  Aloontain,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  several  hotels  and  5  churches.  Here  is  an  isolated 
dome-shaped  granite  rock,  which  has  an  altitude  of  about 
2200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  attracts  many 
visitors.  A  tower  180  feet  high  has  been  erected  on  iU 
summit.     Granite  is  quarried  here.     Pop.  1000. 

Stone  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Stone  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Marbletown  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  Rondout  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Kingston.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Stone  River,  Tennessee,  runs  northwestward  through 
Rutherford  co.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  5  or  6 
miles  above  Nashville.  An  indecisive  battle  was  fought 
on  this  river  near  Murfreesborough  in  the  civil  war.  This 
was  called  the  battle  of  Stone  River. 

Sto'ner's  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Clark  co.,  runs 
in  a  N.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Licking  River  in  Bourbon  co.,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Paris, 
which  is  on  this  creek. 

Stoner's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  7  or  8  miles  S.W.  of  Madison. 

Stonersville,  ston'erz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo., 
Md.,  2  miles  from  Westminster. 

Stonersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  Birdsborough,  and  about  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Reading. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Stonersville  (Stoner's  Post-Office),  a  village  in  East 
Huntington  township,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10^  miles  N.  of  Connellsville. 
It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here  and  converted  into 
coke.     Pop.  about  250. 

Stone's,  a  station  of  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama, 
8  miles  W.S.W.of  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Stone's  CroNs'ing,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.   Ind. 


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Stone's  Prairie^  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  111.,  6 
miles  from  Seehorn  Railroad  Station,  and  about  16  miles 
6.E.  of  Qaincy.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Stone  Station,  post-office,  Deer  Lodge  oo.,  Montana. 

StoneviIIe,ston'vil,apo8t-office  of  Marquette  CO.,  Mich. 

Stoueville,  a  post- village  of  Washington  oo..  Miss.,  on 
Deer  Creek,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Greenville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  about  7  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Stoneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.C., 
18  miles  W.N.W,  of  Reidsville.  It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 
Pop.  100. 

Stonewall)  stSn'wall,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central 
part  of  Texas,  traversed  by  the  Salt  Fork  of  Brazos  River. 
Area,  900  square  miles.  Capital,  Rayner.  Pop.  in  1880, 
104;  in  1890,  1024. 

Stonewall »  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  Ga. 

Stonewall;  a  post-hamlet  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col.,  36 
miles  from  Trinidad.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Stonewall,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  parish,  La.,  19 
miles  S.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stonewall,  North  Carolina.    See  Bay  River. 

Stonewall,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Biloxi  River,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Mississippi  City.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Pamlico  oo.,  N.C. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Stonewall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,ya.,  3^  miles 
irom  Mount  Sidney.     It  has  a  mill. 

Stonington,  ston'ing-tgn,  a  post-borough  and  port  of 
«ntry  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  in  Stonington  township, 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  12  miles  E.  of  New  London,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Providence,  and  62  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It 
is  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad,  and  communi- 
cates with  New  York  daily  by  a  line  of  large  and  elegant 
steamboats.  Its  harbor  is  capacious,  and  is  partly  protected 
by  a  breakwater.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  silk-machinery  and  silk  velvets.  Stoning- 
ton township  contains  the  villages  of  Old  Mystic,  Mystic, 
and  Pawcatuck.  In  August,  1814,  this  place  was  bom- 
barded by  several  British  vessels,  but  was  successfully  de- 
fended.    Pop.  of  borough,  2000 ;  of  township  (1890),  7184. 

Stonington,  a  post-village  in  Stonington  township, 
Christian  co.,  111.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Sangamon  River, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur,  and  9  or  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tay- 
lorsville.  It  is  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  &c.     Pop.  of  township,  738. 

Stonington,  a  station  in  Fulton  co..  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  49  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria. 

Sto'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.,  about  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Iron  Mountain. 

Stono  Inlet,  an  inlet  of  Charleston  oo.,  S.C,  among 
the  sea-islands.  Its  entrance  is  about  15  miles  S.  of  that 
of  Charleston  Harbor. 

Stony  (ston'9)  Battery,  a  township  of  Newberry  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  1901. 

Stony  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

Stony  Brook,  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Hunterdon  co., 
crosses  Mercer  co.  near  Princeton,  and  enters  the  Millstone. 

Stony  Brook,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  is 
near  the  Charles  River,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  machine-shop. 

Stony  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound  and  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  a 
good  harbor  and  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Stony  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Clinton  co.,  runs  west- 
ward, and  enters  Maple  River  about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Stony  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  Michigan,  runs  southeast- 
<rard,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe. 

Stony  Creek,  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  falls  into  Clinton 
River. 

Stony  Creek,  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  enters  the  Susque- 
hanna River  at  the  borough  of  Dauphin. 

Stony  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Somerset  co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Conemaugh  River  at  Johns- 
town, Cambria  co.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Stony  Creek,  Virginia,  runs  southeastward  through 

I  Dinwiddle  co.,  and  enters  the  Nottoway  River  in  Sussex  co. 
Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.     P.  686. 
Stony  Creek,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
Branford  towoahip.  New  Haven  00.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island 


Sound  and  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  New 
Haven.  It  has  2  fine  hotels  and  several  boarding-houses. 
The  interesting  group  of  Thimble  Islands  is  near  this  place. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.     P.  934. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  00.,  Ind.    P.  1082. 

Stony  Creek,atownshipof  Randolph  CO.,  Ind.  P.  1212. 

Stony  Creek,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe. 

Stony  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  Avon  township,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  creek  of  its  own  name,  1^  miles  from  Rochester 
Station,  which  is  30  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Augusta  township, 
Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Stony  Creek,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.T.,  on  the 
Hudson  River  and  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  30  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.     P.  1127. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C.  P.  1368. 

Stony  Creek,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pottaville. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Altoona.  Pop.  1526.  Stony  Creek 
Post-Office  is  at  Roxbury,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Berlin  Station. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carter's  Depot.    It  has  2  churches. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  This  place  was  the  scene  of 
a  battle  between  the  British  and  American  troops  in  1812, 
in  which  the  latter  were  beaten.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  hotels,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Stony  Creek  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
in  Alsace  township,  4  miles  from  Reading.  It  has  a  woollen- 
mill. 

Stony  Creek  Warehouse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Ya.,  on  the  Petersburg  &,  Weldon  Railroad,  at  Stony 
Creek  Station,  21  miles  S.  of  Petersburg. 

Stony  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Stony  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C,  65 
miles  N.W.  of  Statesville.     Pop.  366. 

Stony  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  00.,  Pa.,  in  Del- 
mar  township,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It 
has  a  church. 

Stony  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Berger  Station. 

Stony  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Stony  HoI'low,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Rondout. 

Stony  Island,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
an  island  of  this  name  in  the  E.  part  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Stony  Man,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Va. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Petaluma  township, 
Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles  from  the  San  Francisco  &  North 
Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  00.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Madison. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Amite  River,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Baton 
Rouge. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  16  miles  S. 
of  Jackson.     Here  is  a  large  quarry  of  good  sandstone. 

Stony  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  about  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
steam  saw-mill. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-village  in  Stony  Point  township, 
Rockland  00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  and  the  New 
Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  New  York. 
Here  is  a  high  rooky  peninsula,  the  site  of  an  old  fort  which 
Gen.  Wayne  took  by  storm  on  the  night  of  July  16,  1779. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  exploits  performed  in 
that  war.  Stony  Point  has  several  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  bricks,  lime,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  4614. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  at  Evansburg  Sta- 
tion, 2i  miles  N.  of  Evansburg,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Meadville. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Rogersville.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Maxwell 
Institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  00.,  Ya..  abou^ 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Charlottesvill<«. 


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Stony  Point*  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  84  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
contains  4  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Stony  Point  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Appomattox  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond. 

Stony  Ridge )  a  post-oflSce  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Stony  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  11  miles  S. 
of  Toledo.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Stony  Road,  a  station  of  the  Montolair  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Stony  Run,  a  station  in  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Baltimore. 

Stony  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holly  township,  Oakland 
CO.,  Mich.,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Blanc.    It  has  a  church. 

Stony  Run,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co., 
Minn.,  25  miles  N.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church.     P.  522. 

Stony  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  Albany 
township,  2  miles  from  Kempton  Station,  which  is  24  miles 
N.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  120. 

Stony  Stratford,  England.    See  Stkatpoed. 

Stooka,  or  Stuka,  stoo'ki,,  a  town  of  Morocco,  prov- 
ince of  Soos,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Terodant. 

Stor,  a  Danish  and  Swedish  word  signifying  "great," 
prefixed  to  a  number  of  names,  as  StorsiSn,  "  great  lake." 
See  StorsiSn. 

Stor,  stoR,  a  river  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  amt  of  Ring- 
kibbing,  enters  Nissum-Piord,  after  a  W.  course  past  Hol- 
stebroe. 

Stor,  a  river  of  Prussia,  Holstein,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Elbe  2^  miles  N.  of  Gliickstadt.     Length,  50  miles. 

Stor-Afvan,  stoR-irvin,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  laen  of 
Westerbotten,  receives  from  the  N.W.  the  waters  of  the 
Horn-Afvan,  and  on  the  S.E.  discharges  its  own  by  the 
river  SkellefteA  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Stora-Kopparberg,  sto'ri-kop'par-b4Ra\  a  name  of 
the  iaen  of  Falun,  Sweden.     See  Falun. 

Stora  liUle^  Wattnen,  sto'rfl,  loo'li-o  witt'nfin, 
Sweden,  is  a  long  expansion  of  the  river  Luleft,  between 
lat.  67°  and  68°  N.  and  Ion.  17°  and  20°  E.  Length,  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  90  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  5  miles. 

Storchnest,  stoRK'ndst,  or  Osieczno,  o-se-6toh'no, 
a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen. 

Stor'den,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

Storeheddinge,  sto'r^h-hM'ding-^h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Seeland,  26  miles  S.  of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1291. 

Storeville,  stor'vil,  a  post- village  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C, 
12  miles  S.  of  Anderson  Court-House. 

Storey,  st5r'e,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada,  has 
an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Carson  River. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  the  soil  is  sterile.  In  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  county  Mount  Davidson,  a  peak  of  the 
Washoe  Range,  rises  to  the  height  of  7820  feet.  Here  are 
rich  mines  of  gold  and  silver,  which  are  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  The  reported  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  mined 
in  this  county  sometimes  amounts  to  over  $7,000,000  per 
annum.  These  metals  are  obtained  from  quartz  rock. 
Among  the  mines  of  this  county  is  the  famous  Comstock 
Lode.  The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  the  N. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  the  most  populous  in  the 
state.  The  capital,  Virginia  City,  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,359;  in 
1880,  16,115;  in  1890,  8806. 

Storkow,  stoR'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Storkow  Canal,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankfort-on- 
the-Oder.     Pop.  2162. 

Storm  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Tasmania,  S.  of  lat. 
43°  S.  and  about  Ion.  147°  40'  E. 

Storm  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buena  Vista  co., 
Iowa,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Dubuque  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  53  miles  W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  banks,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves  and  mittens. 
Pop.  in  1870,  256;  in  1880,  1034;  in  1890,  1682. 

Stor'mont,  a  county  of  Ontario,  has  an  area  of  290 
square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  several  small  streams  flow- 
ing into  the  St.  Lawrence,  which  forms  its  S.E.  boundary, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital, 
Cornwall.     Pop.  11,873. 

Stormont,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Isaac's  Harbor. 

Stormstown,  Centre  co.,  Pa.     See  Half  Moon. 

Storm'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  above  Arkansas  City.  It 
has  a  church. 


Stormville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  ott 
the  Boston,  Hartford  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  2i  miles  fronv 
Adriance  Station,  and  about  16  miles  E.by  N.  of  Newburg.. 

Stormville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  4  mile* 
S.W.  of  Stroudsburg. 

Stormville,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  Tex. 

Stor'noway,  or  Stor'naway,  a  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Lewis, 
on  a  fine  bay,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  nearest  point  of  the 
mainland.  Pop.  2498.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the  Heb- 
rides, and  has  substantial  slated  houses  and  good  shops,  with 
a  church,  a  female  seminary  and  other  schools,  a  town  house, 
news-room,  public  library,  custom-house,  and  a  branch  bank. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  a  pier ;  the  bay,  which  is  deep  and 
safe,  is  sheltered  by  two  headlands.  Stornoway  has  some- 
wool-carding-,  corn-,  and  malt-mills,  an  extensive  distillery, 
and  rope-walks,  but  its  chief  trade  is  in  fish  and  kelp. 

Stor'noway,  a  post- village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Robinson.     Pop.  150. 

Storoe,  sto'ro^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  stift  and  30 
miles  S.  of  Bergen.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  15  miles- 
breadth,  7  miles. 

Storrington,  Ontario.     See  Inverary. 

Storsidn,  or  Storsjon,  stor'se-on  or  stors'yon  {i.e.^ 
"great  lake"),  a  lake  of  Sweden,  near  lat.  63°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
14°  30'  E.  Length,  from  20  to  30  miles.  The  town  of  Os- 
tersund  is  situated  on  its  E.  shore.  Another  lake  of  th«»- 
same  name  lies  W.S.W.  of  Gefle.     Length,  15  miles. 

Stor>Uman,  stor-oo'min,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Isen  of 
AVesterbotten,  in  lat.  65°  N.,  Ion.  from  16°  30'  to  17°  E., 
25  miles  in  length  by  6  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  and  trav- 
ersed from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the  river  TlmeS. 

Sto'ry,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an- 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Skunk  River,  and  also  drained  by  Indian  and  Montgomery 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  witiy 
prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive 
than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  a  part  of  the  ooal-field  of  Iowa.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad  and  by  the  Iowa 
Central  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Des  Moines  City  by 
the  Des  Moines  &  Minneapolis  Railroad.  Capital,  Nevada. 
An  agricultural  college  has  been  established  in  this  county 
by  the  sUte.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,651;  in  1880,  16,906;  in 
1890,  18,127. 

Story,  a  station  in  Story  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moine» 
&  Minneapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Ames. 

Story  City,  a  post- village  in  Lafayette  township.  Story 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  South  Skunk  River,  48  miles  by  rail  N 
of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church. 

Storzing,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol.    See  Sterzing. 

Stot'ler's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co., 
W.  Va. 

Stots'ville,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania A  Delaware  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Pomeroy. 

Stotterits,  stot't^h-rits^  a  village  of  Saxony,  2  mile» 
S.E.  Jf  Leipsic.     Pop.  4699. 

Stott'ville,  a  post-village  in  Stockport  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson,  and  about  25^ 
miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  woollen- 
factory,  a  cotton-mill,  Ac. 

Stott'ville,  a  post-village  in  St.  Johns  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  39i  miles  S.E.  of  MontreaL 
Pop.  250. 

Stouchsburg,  stSwKs'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,. 
Pa.,  in  Marion  township,  2^  miles  from  Sheridan  Station, 
and  20  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  coach-factory,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  397. 

StoufTville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Toronto  &  Nipissing  Railway,  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Toronto. 
It  contains  2  churches,  3  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  tannery, 
flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  800. 

Stoughstown,  stSwss'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  3i  miles  S.  of  Newville,  and  14  miles  S.W 
of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church. 

Stonghton,  sto'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Stoughton  town- 
ship, Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Stoughton  Branch  of  the  Boston  &. 
Providence  Railroad,  18i  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boots,  shoes,  Cardigan  jackets,  woollen  yarn,  Ac. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  East  Stoughton. 
Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  4876  ;  in  1890,  4852. 

Stoughton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington, 
on  Lewis  River,  30  miles  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon. 

Stoughton,  a  post-village  in  Dunkirk  township,  Dan« 


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00.,  Wis.,  on  Catfish  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwankee 
k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  7  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  wagons.     Pop.  (1890)  2470. 

Stoar^  stoor,  a  river  of  England,  between  Essex  and 
Suffolk,  passes  Haverhill,  and  joins  the  Orwell,  to  enter  the 
North  Sea  at  Harwich. 

Stour,  a  river  of  England,  in  Kent,  rises  by  two  heads 
which  unite  at  Ashford,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  and  below  Can- 
terbury divides  into  two  arms,  which  enter  the  sea  re- 
Jpectively  at  Reoulver  and  Pegweli  Bay,  insulating  Tbanet. 
t  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  Canterbury. 

Stonr,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Stafford  and  Worces- 
ter, passes  Stourbridge  and  Kidderminster,  and  joins  the 
Severn  at  Stourport. 

Stour,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Wilts,  Dorset,  and 
Hants,  flows  S.B.,  and  joins  the  Avon  at  Christchurch. 

Stonrb ridge,  stiir'brij,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Worcester,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Stour,  at 
a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  theatre,  a  grammar-school, 
iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  glass,  earthenwares,  and 
fire-brick.     Pop.  9376. 

Stourport,  a  town  of  England.    See  Mitton. 

Stout,  stowt,  a  post-ofiice  of  Union  oo.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Stout'land,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  71  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield, 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  church,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Stout's,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Rome. 

Stout's,  Fairfield  co.,  0.    See  Stodtsvillb. 

Stout's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  S.  of  Easton. 

Stouts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  k  Bound  Brook  Railroad  and  the  Mercer  & 
Somerset  Raikoad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Hopewell,  and  15  miles 
N.  of  Trenton. 

Stout's  Lianding,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.    See  Carr's. 

Stout's  3Iill8,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  co,,  W.  Va.,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Stouts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  Salt 
River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  34 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal. 

Stoutsville,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  and  Hunterdon 
COS.,  N.J.,  i  mile  from  Stoutsburg. 

Stoutsville,  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Muskingum  Valley 
Railroad  (at  Stout's  Station),  6^  miles  E.  of  Circleville.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Sto'ver,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ark. 

Stover,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo. 

Sto'ver's  Shops,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Staunton. 

Stow,  sto,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  about 
40  miles  AV.  of  Lewiston.     Pop.  427. 

Stow,  a  post-village  in  Stow  township,  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Assabet  River,  about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Boston.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
a  branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  has  a  woollen-mill 
and  a  pop.  of  1022. 

Stow,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.     Pop.  925. 

Stow,  or  Stowe,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
Stow  township,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Waterbury  River, 
about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Montpelier,  and  28  miles  E.  of 
Burlington.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  valley.  It  con- 
tains 3  or  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  hotel  capable  of 
accommodating  about  350  guests,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  carriages,  gloves,  starch,  Ac.  Stow  township  com- 
prises part  of  Mount  Mansfield.  Visitors  can  ride  in  car- 
riages to  its  summit,  on  which  is  the  Tip  Top  House.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  1886. 

Stow  (or  Stoe)  Creek,  New  Jersey,  forms  a  consider- 
able part  of  the  boundary  between  Cumberland  and  Salem 
COS.,  and  falls  into  Delaware  Bay  4  miles  N.W.  from  the 
mouth  of  Cohansey  River. 

Stow  (or  Stoe)  Creek,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.J.     Pop.  1122. 

Stowe,  a  post-office  of  Frontier  co..  Neb. 

Stowe,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  739. 

Stowe,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles 
♦rom  Mitchell.     Pop.  100. 

Stowell's  (stS'^Iz)  Comers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  6  or  7  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown. 

Stowey,  Nether,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Somerset,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bridgewater.     Pop.  866. 

Stowmarket,  sto'mark-^t,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Suffolk,  at  the  confluence  of  three  rivulets  forming  the 


Gipping  (Orwell),  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Bury,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  manufactures 
of  iron,  leather,  and  twine,  and  an  active  trade  in  malt,  coal, 
corn,  and  timber.  Pop.  4097.  The  Gipping  or  Stow- 
market Canal  is  navigable  hence  to  Ipswich. 

Stow-on-the-Wold,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  15  miles  E.  of  Cheltenham.     Pop.  1373. 

Stoyestown,  stoiz't5wn,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Quemahoning  township,  on  Stony  Creek,  about 
18  miles  S.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  normal 
school.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  288. 

Stra,  8tr&,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  15  miles  W.  of 
Venice,  on  the  Brenta.     Pop.  2058. 

Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone, 
on  the  Mourne,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Finn  and 
Foyle,  immediately  opposite  Lifford.  Its  trade  is  facili- 
tated by  a  canal  extending  from  it  to  where  the  Foyle  be- 
comes navigable  for  barges.  Adjoining  the  town  is  a 
salmon-fishery.     Pop.  4309. 

Strabane,  str^-han',  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Neuse  River,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Goldsborough. 

Strabane,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1547. 

Strabane,  strq,-ban',  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co., 
Ontario,  Hi  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  150. 

Straczow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Drosau. 

Stradbal'ly,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  on  the 
Strad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maryborough.     Pop.  1229. 

Strad'broke  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  is 
one  of  two  principal  islands  sheltering  Moreton  Bay. 

Stradella,  str&-ddri&,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Voghera,  near  the  Po.  It  has  silk-  and  cotton-manufac- 
tures.    Pop.  5955. 

Stra'der's,  a  station  of  the  Indiana  North  &,  South 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Attica,  Ind. 

Stradone,  str%-d5n',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  CaVan. 

Straelen,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Stralen. 

Straengnaes,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Strengnas. 

Straet- van- Aa,  Belgium.    See  Aa. 

Strafford,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  Hampshire, 
bordering  on  Maine,  has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Salmon  and  Piscataqua 
Rivers,  and  is  drained  by  the  Cocheco  and  Lamprey  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  Hay,  potatoes,  butter,  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  This  county  is  liberally 
supplied  with  water-power,  and  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  and  other 
articles.  It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Bos- 
ton k  Maine  Railroad,  and  by  the  Portland  k  Rochester 
Railroad.  Capital,  Dover.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,243  j  in  1880, 
35,558;  in  1890,  38,442. 

Strafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  on  the  At- 
lantic k  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Strafford,  a  post-township  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Concord.  The  township  has  4  churches, 
a  number  of  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  wagons,  a  printing-establishment,  and  general 
business  houses  and  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1304. 

Strafford,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Straf- 
ford township,  8  miles  N.  of  Sharon  Station,  and  about  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grain-  and 
grist-mill,  several  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  copperas, 
carriages,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  932. 

Strafford  Blue  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  oo., 
N.H.,  about  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church. 

Strafford  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Dover. 

Straf 'fordville,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Little  Otter  River,  22  miles  E.  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  400. 

Straghn,  or  Straughn,  a  decayed  village  in  Wash- 
ington township.  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Middleport. 

Strahmburg,  or  Stramburg,  strim'burg,  a  village 
of  Cedar  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Yank- 
ton, S.D.,  and  1  mile  from  Yankton  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  150.  Here  is 
Green  Island  Post-Office. 

Straight  Creek,  Kentucky,  runs  southwestward  la 
Bell  CO.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  at  Pineville. 

Straight  Creek,  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  flows  into  the  Ohio 
River  near  Ripley. 

Straight  Creek,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Kan.    P.  359. 

Straight  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Straightstone,  strat'stSn,  a  post-village  of  Pittsyl- 
vania CO.,  Va.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton  River  Depot.  It 
has  2  churches. 


STR 


2546 


STR 


Strait  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Highland  oo.,  Va. 

Strait  of  Belle  Isle  is  the  most  northern  of  the  two 
channels  which  connect  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  with  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  It  separates  Labrador  from  Newfound- 
land, and  is  about  12  miles  wide.  The  navigation  of  this 
Etrait  is  reputed  to  be  unsafe. 

Strait  of  Bonifacio,  bo-ne-fi'cho,  between  Corsica 
/and  Sardinia,  is  7  miles  across  in  its  narrowest  part. 

>L'  strait  of  Constantinople.  See  Bosporus. 
\  Strait  of  Corea,  a  narrow  sea  connecting  the  Sea  of 
^  Japan  with  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  having  Corea  on  the  N.W. 
V.  and  the  Japanese  island  of  Kioo-Sioo  on  the  S.E. 
\  Strait  of  Dover  (Fr.  Paa-de- Calais,  p&-dQh-k&4&', 
r  i.e.,  the  "passage  of  Calais;"  L.  Fre'tum  ual'licum),  the 
C  etrait  which  separates  England  and  France  and  connects 
^  the  English  Channel  with  the  Korth  Sea.  It  extends  from 
V  Dungeness  and  Cape  Gris-Nez  N.E.  to  the  South  Foreland 
(*]  and  Calais.  Length,  22  miles ;  breadth  (where  narrowest), 
"  21  miles.    See  English  Channel. 

Strait  of  Gibraltar,  je-brawl't^r,  a  channel  between 
the  S.  of  Spain  and  the  N.  of  Africa,  forming  the  entrance 
^  to  the  Mediterranean  from  the  Atlantic.     Its  width  at  the 
^  narrowest  part   is   about   15  miles;    greatest  depths  960 
^  fathoms.     Through  this  strait  a  powerful  central  current, 
running  at  the  rate  of  from  3  to  6  miles  an  hour,  sets  con- 
••s.   etantly  from  the  Atlantic  into  the  Mediterranean.     There 
^    are  also  two  lateral  currents,  one  on  the  European  and  one 
N     on  the  African  side,  each  of  them  about  2^  miles  broad, 
^     flowing  at  about  the  same  rate  as  the  central  current,  and 
y        ebbing  and  flowing  with  the  tide,  setting  alternately  into 
)        the  Mediterranean  and  into  the  Atlantic.     An  excess  of 
V       water  is  constantly  flowing  into  the  former  from  the  latter, 
{        to  supply  the  loss  sustained  by  evaporation. 
Strait  of  Macassar.    See  Macassar. 
^  Strait  of  Mackinac,  mak'e-naw  (or  Mack'inaw), 

connects  Lake  Michigan  with  Lake  Huron,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  lower  peninsula  of  Michigan.  It  is  nearly 
4  miles  wide,  and  is  a  channel  through  which  an  extensive 
commerce  is  carried  on. 

Strait  of  Madura.  See  Madura. 
Strait  of  Malacca,  ma-lak'ka,  a  channel  between 
the  Malay  Peninsula  and  the  island  of  Sumatra,  connecting 
the  China  Sea  with  the  Indian  Ocean.  Length,  520  miles ; 
breadth,  from  25  miles,  opposite  Naning  to  200  miles,  at  its 
N.  entrance.  The  navigation  of  the  strait  appears  intricate 
and  dangerous,  but  with  ordinary  prudence  it  may  be  safely 
passed.  The  current,  where  tides  do  not  prevail,  sets  often 
to  the  N. 

Strait  of  Messina,  mfe-see'ni  (It.  Faro  di  Messina, 
fi'ro  dee  mfis-see'ni;  Fr.  Ditroit  de  Meatine,  d4Hrwi'  dfh 
mSs^seen' ;  anc.  Fre'tum  Sic'ulum),  a  strait  which  separates 
Sicily  from  Italy  and  communicates  between  the  Tyrrhene 
and  the  Ionian  Sea.  Length,  about  20  miles;  width,  11 
miles,  but  where  it  is  narrowest  does  not  exceed  2  miles. 
From  the  Faro  Tower  to  the  Kock  of  Scylla,  on  the  oppo- 
site coast  of  Italy,  the  exact  distance  is  6047  yards.  The 
depth  is  so  great  that  in  the  centre  no  bottom  has  been 
found  with  a  line  of  100  fathoms,  and  a  strong  current  con- 
tinually running  with  the  tide  makes  the  navigation  some- 
what difiicult,  but  by  no  means  so  formidable  as  was  fabled 
by  the  ancients,  to  whom  the  Bock  of  Scylla,  already  men- 
tioned, and  that  of  Charybdis,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
strait,  but  some  distance  to  the  S.,  seemed  very  dangerous. 
Strait  of  Morlacca.  See  Morlacca. 
Strait  of  Otranto,  o-tr4n'to,  connects  the  Adriatic 
with  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  Length,  about  80  miles. 
Strait  of  San  Juan  de  Fuca.  See  Fuca. 
Strait  of  Sunda,  sun'da,  a  passage  between  the 
islands  of  Sumatra  and  Java,  from  the  Indian  Ocean  into 
the  Sea  of  Java.     Breadth,  from  70  to  90  miles. 

Strait's,  a  township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  991. 
Strait's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Owcgo. 

Straits  of  Ormus,  Persian  Gulf.  See  Ormus. 
Straits  Settlements,  a  British  colonial  establish- 
ment, comprising  the  colonies  of  Malacca,  Penang,  Prov- 
ince Wellesley,  and  Singapore,  each  separately  noticed. 
Capital,  Singapore.  Area.  1445  square  miles..  Pop.  423,384. 
To  the  above  the  native'  states  of  Queda,  Rumbowe,  Sun- 
gie-Ujong,  Perak,  Johore,  and  Salangore  are  bound  by 
treaties  and  are  subject  in  some  degree  to  English  super- 
vision. 

Straitsville,  Ohio.     See  New  Straitsville. 
Strakonitz,  8tr4'ko-nits\  or  Strakowitz,  stri'ko- 
<^its\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Wotawa,  here  joined  by 
the  Wolinka,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  7029.     It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 


Strale,  an  island  of  Prussia.     See  Danholk. 

Strftlen,  or  Straelen,  stri'l§n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  6647,  with  manufac- 
tures of  cotton. 

Stralsnnd,  strll'sSSnt,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  the  strait  which  separates  the 
island  of  KUgen  from  the  mainland,  and  so  completely  sor- 
rounded  by  water  as  to  be  approached  only  by  bridges,  120 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Berlin.  The  principal  buildings  are  the 
Nicolai  church,  founded  in  1311, 4  other  churches,  the  gov- 
ernment house,  the  town  house,  the  gymnasium,  with  a 
library  and  cabinet  of  coins,  the  mint,  arsenal,  poor-house, 
workhouse,  orphan  hospital,  and  infirmary.  The  manu- 
factures consist  of  woollen  and  linen  cloth,  sugar,  syrup, 
starch,  soap,  candles,  tobacco,  leather,  mirrors,  and  playing- 
cards;  and  there  are  numerous  distilleries,  oil- works,  and 
building-docks.  Stralsund  is  the  seat  of  a  superior  court  of 
law  and  of  several  public  offices.  It  was  founded  in  1209 
by  Prince  Jaromar  I.  of  Biigen,  and  afterwards  became  a 
free  imperial  and  Hanse  town  and  rose  to  great  commercial 
importance.  It  was  unsuccessfully  besieged  by  Wallenstein 
in  1628 ;  but  in  1678  Frederick  William,  Elector  of  Bran- 
denburg, took  it,  after  a  bombardment.  It  was  also  cap- 
tured in  1713  and  1807.  Since  1816  its  defensive  works 
have  been  greatly  enlarged,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  strong- 
est towns  belonging  to  Prussia.     Pop.  27,765. 

Stralsund,  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  Pome- 
rania, bounded  on  the  N.W.,  N.,  and  N.E.  by  the  Baltic. 
Area,  1792  square  miles.  It  consists  partly  of  the  group 
of  islands  of  which  RUgen  is  the  largest.     Pop.  208,725. 

Stramberg,  str&m'bdna,  a  town  of  Moravia,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Freyburg.     Pop.  2331. 

Strambino,  str&m-bee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 6  miles  S.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  2384. 

Stramburg,  Cedar  co..  Neb.     See  Strabmburo. 

Strange  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Stranger,  stran'j^r,  a  station  in  Leavenworth  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Kansas  City.  Pop.  of  Stranger  township  (which  contains 
Summit),  1106. 

Strangers  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  oo., 
Ark.,  5  miles  from  Alicia. 

Strang'ford,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  the  entrance  to  Lough  Strangford,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Downpatrick.  It  ha*  many  vessels  en- 
gaged in  the  fisheries.     See  also  Lough  Strangford. 

Str^Lngn^s,  or  Straengnses.     See  Strengnas. 

Stranor'lar,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Finn,  i  mile  N.E.  of  Ballybofey.  Pop.  468. 

Stranraer,  stran-rar',  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Wigtown,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Loch  Ryan,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Port  Patrick.  Pop.  6939.  The  principal  edifices  are  an 
old  castle,  the  town  hall,  jail,  and  several  churches  and 
chapels.  It  has  a  mechanics'  institute,  subscription  libra- 
ries, a  public  reading-room,  some  hand-loom  weaving,  tan- 
neries, and  nail-factories.  The  harbor  is  sheltered  by  a 
pier,  and  has  been  much  improved.  The  town  is  an  im- 
portant railway  terminus,  and  steamers  ply  weekly  to  Glas- 
gow, Belfast,  and  Whitehaven.  The  exports  are  cheese, 
corn,  cattle,  leather,  and  shoes.  The  borough  unites  with 
Wigtown,  Whithorn,  and  New  Galloway  in  sending  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Strany,  stri'nee,  a  village  of  Moravia,  20  miles  from 
Hradisch.     Pop.  2090. 

Strasburg,  stras'bQrg  (Fr.  Strasbourg,  stris^booR'; 
Ger.  Strassburg,  str&ss'bdoRG ;  anc.  Argentora' turn),  a  city 
of  Germany,  capital  of  Alsace-Lorraine  and  of  Lower  Al- 
sace! on  the  W.  bank  of  the  111,  near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  to  which  its  glacis  extends,  and  across  which  it  com- 
municates with  Kehl  (in  Baden)  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  72 
miles  N.  of  Basel.  Lat.  48°  34'  66"  N. ;  Ion.  1"  W  61" 
B.  Population  in  1871,  85,529;  in  1890,  123,600.  The 
fortified  city  is  of  triangular  form,  enclosed  by  ramparts, 
strengthened  by  outworks,  and  entered  by  7  gates.  At  its 
E.  extremity  is  a  strong  pentagonal  citadel  by  Vauban. 
It  is  generally  well  built,  and  has  lofty  houses,  spacious 
squares,  and  streets  intersected  by  branches  of  the  111,  which 
are  crossed  by  numerous  wooden  bridges.  Outside  of  the 
walls  are  a  hippodrome  or  race-course,  numerous  gardens, 
and  places  of  public  resort.  The  vast  cathedral,  founded 
A.D.  504  and  the  choir  built  by  Charlemagne,  is  chiefly  a 
modern  edifice,  begun  in  the  tenth  but  not  finished  till  the 
fifteenth  century,  with  a  spire  466  feet  in  height,  being 
higher  even  than  that  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome.  The  build- 
ing is  in  every  part  richly  decorated  with  sculpture ;  it  has 
a  remarkable  astronomical  clock,  and  fine  stained-glass 
windows.     It  was  much   damaged  by  the  bombardment  »>* 


STR 


2547 


C5TR 


1870,  but  has  been  repaired.  The  other  important  edifices 
are  the  Temple  Neuf  (a  Protestant  church),  the  church  of 
St.  Thomas,  the  synagogue,  theatre,  former  episcopal  palace, 
court-house,  public  library,  with  nearly  400,000  volumes, 
the  university,  reorganized  in  1872,  academy,  college,  corn- 
hall,  public  granaries,  custom-house,  arsenal,  barracks,  and 
other  military  establishments.  Here  are  several  hospitals 
and  asylums,  an  exchange,  com-,  fish-,  and  other  markets, 
and  a  botanic  garden.  Strasburg  is  a  bishop's  see,  the  seat 
of  societies  of  agriculture  and  arts,  faculties  of  law,  medi- 
cine, pharmacy,  arts,  letters,  &o.,  a  mint,  and  a  foundry.  It 
has  a  very  extensive  transit  trade,  by  its  connections  with 
Germany,  Switzerland,  Italy,  and  all  the  W.  of  Continental 
Europe.  Its  manufactures  are  in  great  variety ;  among  the 
principal  are  beer  and  leather,  for  which  it  is  especially 
famed,  cotton,  woollen,  and  silk  fabrics,  canvas,  jewelry, 
buttons,  cutlery,  clocks,  musical,  mathematical,  and  other 
instruments,  and  chemical  products ;  it  has  also  copper-  and 
iron-forges,  distilleries,  soap-factories,  and  a  large  book- 
selling trade.  Its  pdtSs  de  foiea  graa  have  high  celebrity. 
The  railways  and  the  canals  connecting  it  with  all  the  great 
rivers  of  France  and  with  the  Danube  are  important  aids 
to  its  commerce.  Steamers  ply  between  Strasburg,  Basel, 
and  Rotterdam. 

Strasburg  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Bo- 
mans,  who  erected  it  as  a  barrier  against  the  incursions  of 
the  Germans,  who,  however,  ultimately  made  themselves 
masters  of  it  and  retained  possession  till  the  reign  of  Clovis, 
who  again  drove  them  back  beyond  the  Rhine.  In  the  sixth 
century  it  changed  its  ancient  name  of  Argentoratum  for 
that  of  Strasburg,  and  in  the  beginning  of  the  tenth  cen- 
tury became  subject  to  the  Emperors  of  Germany.  It  after- 
wards acquired  great  privileges,  became  a  free  town,  and 
was  governed  as  a  republic.  In  1681  it  became  united  to 
France,  and  was  capital  of  the  department  of  Bas-Rhin. 
In  1870  it  surrendered  to  the  Germans  after  a  month's  bom- 
bardment. 

Strasbnrg,  or  Strassburg^  str&ss'b55RG,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Templin. 
Pop.  5089.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Strasburg,  or  Brodincz,  bro'dintch,  a  town  of  West 
Prussia,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Drewenz, 
and  on  the  Polish  frontier.  Pop.  5454.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  and  beer. 

Strasburg,  strawz'biirg  or  stras'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Chilton  CO.,  Ala.  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad, 
«  miles  N.W.  of  Clanton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Strasburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Sullivan.  It 
has  a  church. 

Strasburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Monroe. 

Strasburg,  a  post- village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  in  Polk  town- 
ship, on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Strasburg,  a  station  in  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Alliance. 
Here  is  Maximo  Post-OflSce. 

Strasburg,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Tus- 
carawas Valley  <fc  Wheeling  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Mas- 
sillon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  brewery.     Pop.  142. 

Strasburg,  a  post-borough  in  Strasburg  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster,  and  56  miles 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farming-implements.  A  branch  railroad  5  miles 
long  connects  this  Dorough  with  Leaman  Place,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.     Pop.  1008  ;  of  township,  1864. 

Strasburg,  a  post- village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
base  of  Massanutten  Mountain,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the 
Shenandoah  River,  and  on  the  Valley- Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more Jfc  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester,  and 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  5  churches,  and  man- 
ufactories of  stone-ware  and  earthenware.  It  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad. 
Pop.  580.  The  battle  of  Fisher's  Hill  was  fought  2  miles 
from  Strasburg,  September,  1864. 

Straschitz,  Neu,  noi  str&'shits,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3169. 

Strasnitz,  or  Strasniz,str&s'nits,  written  also  StraZ" 
nitz  and  Strassnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
3f  UraJisch,  on  the  March.     Pop.  4957.     It  has  a  castle. 

Strass,  striss,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  at  the  S.  foot 
of  the  Mannhartsberg.     Pop.  1203. 

Strassburg.  Gormany.    See  Strasburg. 


Strasswalchen,  str&ss'^&rxf  n,  a  town  of  Upper  Aaa< 
tria,  on  the  MUhlbach,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Salzburg. 

Strasz,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia.    See  Platz. 

Strata,  stra'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  and  Cren- 
shaw COS.,  Ala.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Montgomery.  Here  ii 
a  church,  alao  a  steam-mill. 

Stra'ta-Flor'ida,  a  chapelry  of  South  Wales,  co.  of 
Cardigan,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Tregaron.  Pop.  779.  Here  ar« 
the  ruins  of  the  celebrated  abbey  of  Strata-Florida,  in  a 
beautiful  valley  surrounded  by  mountains.  It  was  founded 
in  1164  by  a  prince  of  South  Wales. 

Strafford,  or  Sto'ny  Stratford,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Bucks,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newport-Pagnell,  on  the 
Ouse,  and  on  the  Roman  Watling  Street.  Pop.  1976,  mostly 
agricultural.  It  is  built  of  freestone,  and  has  a  neat  town 
hall  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Strafford,  a  post-village  in  Stratford  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Housatonic  River, 
about  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  &  Hartford  and  Naugatuck  Railroads,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Bridgeport,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  and  a  classical 
boarding-school  for  boys.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  Long  Island  Sound.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  2608. 

Stratford,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Indianapolis. 

Stratford,  or  Stratford  Hollow,  a  post-village  in 
Stratford  township,  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut 
River  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  at  Stratford  Hollow 
Station,  126  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  Me.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  lumber-mills.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Stratford.     Pop.  of  the  township,  about  1200. 

Stratford,  or  NicholsTille,nIk'ulz-vII,apost-hamIot 
in  Stratford  township,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  East  Canada 
Creek,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stratford. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1031. 

Stratford,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Olen- 
tangy  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Delaware.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  paper-mills. 

Strafford,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Perth,  on  the  Avon  River,  at  the  junction  of 
the  main  line  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  with  the  Buffalo 
Branch,  88  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  good  water-p(  wer,  and 
contains  the  county  buildings,  3  branch  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  number  of  stores  and  hotels,  a  dis- 
tillery and  brewery,  flouring-mills,  manufactories  of  iron 
castings,  machinery,  agricultural  implements,  woollens, 
steam-engines,  leather,  boots  and  shoes,  <fec.  The  railway 
station  here  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  province,  and  the 
workshops  in  connection  with  the  road  give  employment  to 
a  large  number  of  men.    Pop.  in  1881, 8239 ;  in  1891, 9501. 

Stratford,  Quebec.    See  Lake  Atlher. 

Strafford- upon- A'tou,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Warwick,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Avon,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Warwick.  Pop.  7183.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  contains  the 
house  in  which  Shakspeare  was  born,  a  church  (a  spacious 
and  handsome  edifice  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  contain- 
ing a  bust  of  Shakspeare  and  the  tombs  of  himself,  his 
wife,  and  daughters),  a  town  hall,  an  ancient  chapel  of  the 
holy  cross,  market-house,  almshouses,  theatre,  grammar- 
school,  national  and  Lancasterian  schools,  and  various  other 
charities.     The  trade  is  chiefly  in  corn  and  malt. 

Strafford,  Fen'ny,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Bucks, 
on  the  Bedford  Branch  of  the  London  <fc  Northwestern  Rail 
way,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford.     Pop.  1590.     It  has  two 
principal  streets,  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Stratford,  Lang'thorne,  a  town  of  England,  co  of 
Essex,  is  a  suburb  of  London,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Lea, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  London.  It  has  a  handsome  church, 
many  dissenting  chapels  and  schools,  flour-mills,  chemical 
works,  print-works,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  23,286. 

Stratford-Ie-Bow,  also  called  Bow,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, separated  from  the  foregoing  by  the  Lea.  It  has  a 
church  of  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  a  free  school,  ai^d  another 
school  with  an'annual  income  of  £500.     Pop.  26,055. 

Strath,  a  Celtic  word,  signifying  "  valley,"  forming  the 
prefix  to  a  number  of  Scottish  names,  as  STRATiiAVEif, 
"  the  valley  of  the  Avon,"  &c. 

Strathal'len,  or  Ali'naville,  a  post-village  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Thames,  8  mile* 
N.  by  AV.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  160. 

Stratham,  strSt'am,  a  post-}iamIet  in  Stratham  town- 
ship, Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  2i  miles  S.  of  Stratham  Sta- 
tion of  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railrond,  and  about  9 
miles  w  S.W  of  Portsmouth.    The  Boston  A  Maine  ««i»- 


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road  is  on  the  W.  border  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  769. 

Stratha'ven  (local  pron.  strath-Swn'),  a  narrow  high- 
land valley  of  Scotland,  in  the  S.W.  of  the  oo.  of  BanflF. 

Stratha'ven,  commonly  called  strA'v?n,  a  burgh  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  14  miles  by  rail  S.B.  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  3645. 

Strathbogie,  strath-bo'ghee,  a  district  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Aberdeen.  Area,  120  square  miles.  It  is  commensurate 
with  the  original  estate  conferred  by  Robert  Bruce  on  the 
noble  family  of  Gordon. 

Strath'bnrn,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Thames,  4^  miles  S.  of  Glencoe.  It  contains  a 
church  and  several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Strath^earn',  the  vale  of  the  Earn,  in  Scotland,  co.  of 
Perth,  extending  from  W.  to  E.  35  miles,  from  Loch  Earn 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Earn  in  the  Tay. 

Strathmig'lO)  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cupar,  on  the  Miglo.     Pop.  1509. 

Strath^more'  (the  "great  valley"),  an  extensive  low- 
land tract  in  Scotland,  extending  from  the  co.  of  Dumbarton 
to  the  sea,  in  the  co.  of  Kincardine,  and  embracing  part  of 
Stirlingshire  and  of  the  cos.  of  Perth  and  Forfar,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Grampians,  and  S.  by  the  Lennox,  Ochil,  and 
Sidlaw  Hills.     It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  Lyon  family. 

Strathpef  fer,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  3 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dingwall.     It  has  noted  mineral  springs. 

Strath^roy',  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  river  Sydenham,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  20 
miles  W.  of  London.  It  has  5  churches,  3  newspaper  of- 
fices, a  grammar-school,  2  branch  banks,  a  brewery,  several 
mills,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  steam-engines, 
machinery,  agricultural  implements,  woollens,  leather,  &e. 
Pop.  3232. 

Strath  Spey*  spa,  an  extensive  valley  of  Scotland, 
drained  by  the  river  Spey,  cos.  of  Inverness,  Elgin,  and 
Banff.     Length,  nearly  70  miles.     It  is  well  wooded. 

Strati)  str3,'tee,  an  island  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Stalimni.  Lat.  39°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  25^  B.  It 
is  about  25  miles  long. 

Stratia,  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Hagiostrati. 

Stratonicaea,  Asia  Minor.    See  Eskeb  Hissar. 

Stratton,  strSt'tpn,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on 
the  Bude,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Launceston.     Pop.  1839. 

Strat'ton,  a  township  of  Edgar  co.,  111.     Pop.  1621. 

Stratton,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y. 

Stratton,  a  post-township  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  is  drained  by  the  Deer- 
field  River.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  294. 

Stratton  Brook,  a  station  on  the  Connecticut  Western 
Railroad,  17i  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

Stratton-on-the-Foss,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Somerset,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Shepton-Mallet,  on  the  ancient 
Roman  Possway. 

Strat'ton's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Ulster 
&  Delaware  Railroad,  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston. 

Strat'tonville,  a  post-borough  in  Clarion  township. 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  about  27  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  5  miles 
E.  of  Clarion.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  farming-utensils.     Pop.  356. 

Stra'tus,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  government  of  Aoar- 
aania.  Its  remains  are  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Aspropotamo, 
9  miles  N.  of  Vrachori,  in  ^tolia. 

Straubing,  strSw'bing  (anc.  Castra  Augmtanaf),  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  beside  the  Danube,  which  here  forms  a 
large  island  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Ratisbon.  Pop.  11,590.  It  has  a  castle,  numerous  churches, 
a  gymnasium,  the  remains  of  several  convents,  and  a  brisk 
trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Straughn,  Van  Wert  co.,  Ohio.     See  Straghn. 

Straughn's  (pronounced  and  sometimes  written 
Strawn's)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Richmond  and  Indianapolis,  22  miles 
W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  tile-factory. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Strausberg,  strSws'bdRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  Lake  Strauss,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Berlin.  Pop. 
5579.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Strausstown,  strowss'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.. 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Straw,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Phillipsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Straw'berry,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark. 

Strawberry,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Kan- 
■as.     Pop.  (1890)  736. 


StraAVberry,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  on  tb« 
Northeastern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Strawberry  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Fulton  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Sharp  and  Lawrence  cos.,  and 
enters  Black  River  about  20  miles  N.  of  Jacksonport.  It 
is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Strawberry  Hill,  a  village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  ad- 
joining Anamosa  on  the  E.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry 
and  machine-shop,  and  a  round-house  and  depot  of  the 
Midland  Railroad.     Pop.  about  300. 

Strawberry  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  railroad  bridge  over 
the  river.     Pop.  about  150. 

Strawberry  Point,  a  post-village  in  Cass  township, 
Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  at  Enfield  Station  on  the  Davenport  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Fayette,  and  about  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a  banking-house,  a 
graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Strawberry  Valley,  California.    See  Bekryvale. 

Strawberry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal., 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marysville.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Straw  Hollow,  a  hamlet  in  Boylston  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  3  miles  W.  of  Northborough. 

Strawn,  a  post-village  in  Fayette  township,  Livingston 
CO.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad,  20i  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  a  church. 

Strawn,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  township,  Coffey  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  about  J 
mile  S.W.  of  the  Neosho  River,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  iron 
bridge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Strawn's,  Indiana.     See  Straughn's  Station. 

Straw'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  White  River  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  on  White  River,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cicero, 
and  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.    It  has  a  church. 

Stray'horn,  a  post-office  of  Tate  co..  Miss. 

Straz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Platz. 

Straznitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Strasnitz. 

Streaky  (stree'ke)  Bay,  South  Australia,  has  at  its 
entrance  Cape  Bauer  on  the  S.E.  side  and  Point  Brown 
on  the  N.W.  It  penetrates  inland  12  miles,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  134th  meridian  E.  Ion. 

Streator,  stree'tor,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  township, 
La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  on  the  Chicago, 
Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Paducah  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Western  division 
of  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  96  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago, 
16i  miles  S.  of  Ottawa,  and  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lacon. 
It  contains  2  national  banks,  8  churches,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1880,  5167;  in  1890,  11,414. 

Streator  Junction,  a  station  in  Woodford  co.,  HI., 
on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  37 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Streator. 

Stre6,  strk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Monsol,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1255. 

Streefkerk,  straifkdRk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Gorkum,  on  the  Leek. 

Street  Road,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of 
West  Chester. 

Streetsborongh,  streets'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Streetsborongh  township,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese, 
Ac.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  706. 

Streets'ville,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Peel,  on  the 
river  Credit,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Credit.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  town  hall,  several  schools,  2  woollen-mills, 
flouring-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  617. 

Strehla,  str&'l&,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Meissen.     Pop.  2083. 

Strehlen,  stri'l^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  28  mile» 
S.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Ohlau,  Pop.  6289.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  woollen  cloth,  and  leather. 

Strelitz,  Alt,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Altstreutj 

Strelitz,  Gross,  groce  stri'lits,  a  town  of  Prussi 
Silesia,  government  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  3911 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  hosiery. 

Strelitz,  Neu,  a  town  of  Germany.   See  Neu-Streli' 

Strengnas,  written  also  Straengnaes,  a  town 
Sweden,  lasn  and  40  miles  N.  of  Nykoping,  on  the  S   shore 
of  Lake  Maelar.     Pop.  1607.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 


I 


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2549 


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Strepy^  Btr&'pee,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Haine,  9  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1826. 

Stret'ton  Church,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  oo. 
of  Salop,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  Pop,  of  parish, 
1756.     It  has  a  woollen-manufactory,  and  a  trade  in  malt. 

Strib'ling  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  oo.,  Ya. 

Strick'ersville,  a  post-namlet  in  London  Britain  town- 
ship, Chester  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Thompson  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

StrickMand,  a  post-offioe  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich. 

Strick'land's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad  (Androscoggin  division),  20  miles  N.  of 
Lewiston. 

Strick'Ier,  a  post-office  of  y^ashington  co.,  Ark. 

Strick'ling,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

Striegan,  stree'gSw,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  10,502.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen. 

Strielna,  stre-fil'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of 
Vologda,  rises  in  the  circle  of  Nikolsk,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Sookhona.     Length,  60  miles. 

Strigno,  streen'yo,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the 
Brenta,  6  miles  from  Borgo.     Pop.  1418. 

Strigonia,  a  city  of  Hungary.     See  Gran. 

►  Strijen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Strten. 
Strikersville,  New  York.    See  Strykersville. 
Striiuilow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Tremles. 

Strinestow^n,  strinz'tSwn,  a  post-offioe  of  York  co., 
Pa.,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  about  10  miles  N.  of  York. 

String'town,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Olney. 

Stringtown,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  58 
miles  N.  of  Denison,  Tex.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Striugtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Stringtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  about 
35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  71. 

Stringtown,  a  post-office  of  Hays  co.,  Tex.,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Strivali,  stre-vi'lee  (or  Strofadia,  stro-fi-dee'i, 
written  also  Stam'phane),  Islands  (ano.  Stroph'adea), 
a  group  of  four  small  Ionian  islets,  28  miles  S.  of  Zante. 
Hnrpy  and  Convent  Islands  are  the  largest. 

Stro'derville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad, 
at  Whitewater  Station,  145  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Strode's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Anderson's  Station,  and  about  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Levvistown.     It  has  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

'Strogonov  (stro^go-nov')  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Japan,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Yesso,  lat.  43°  30'  N.,  Ion.  141°  E. 

Strokestown,  stroks'tSwn,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Roscommon,  6i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elphin.     Pop.  974. 

Stro'ma,  or  Stro'may,  an  island  oflF  the  N.  extremity 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  in  Pentland  Firth,  between 
the  mainland  and  the  Orkneys,  parish  and  2  miles  N.  of 
Canisbay.  Length,  2i  miles;  breadth,  IJ  miles.  Shores 
rocky  and  precipitous.  It  has  the  remains  of  an  old  castle 
and  an  ancient  chapel.     Pop.  330. 

Stromay,  a  small  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  off  the 
N.  extremity  of  North  Uist. 

Stromboli,  strom'bo-le  (anc.  Stron'gyle),  the  north- 
easternmost  of  the  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Shape  nearly  round;  circuit 
about  12  miles.  Pop.  1200,  who  raise  good  wine,  wheat, 
barley,  cotton,  raisins,  currants,  and  figs.  It  is  wholly  of 
volcanic  formation,  consisting  of  a  conical  bifurcated  rock, 
rising  to  2500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  at  its  W.  extremity 
is  a  volcano  in  constant  eruption,  the  crater  being  on  the 
N.W.  side  of  the  mountain,  about  one-third  from  its  sum- 
mit and  170  yards  across.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  island  are 
a  small  town  and  a  battery,  and  vestiges  of  ancient  build- 
ings are  scattered  over  the  surface. 

Strombolino,  strom-bo-lee'no,  or  Stromboluzzo, 
Btrom-bo-loot'so,  an  islet  just  N.E.  of  Stromboli. 

Strom^ness'  (formerly  Cair'ston),  a  seaport  town 
of  Scotland,  co.  and  on  the  mainland  of  Orkney,  beside  a 
beautiful  bay,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kirkwall.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2403.  The  bay  or  harbor  is  excellent,  and  admits 
vessels  of  all  burdens. 

Strom^ness',  a  post- village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Welland  Canal  Feeder,  3  miles  from  Dunnville. 

Stromoe,  Faroe  Islands.     See  Faroe. 

Stroms'burg,  a  post-villago  of  Polk  co..  Neb.,  on  the 


North  Fork  of  Big  Blue  River,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Cen- 
tral City,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Osceola.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  brooms,  <&c. 

Stro  m  8  6e ,  strdm'sb^^h,  one  of  the  small  towns  of  Norway 
comprised  under  the  name  of  Drammen. 

Stromstad,  strSm'st&d,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the  Ska* 
ger-Rack,  near  the  frontier  of  Norway.     Pop.  2104. 

Stronach,  strS'nah,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co., 
Mich.,  in  Stronach  township,  on  Little  Manistee  River,  & 
miles  S.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  3  shingle- 
mills.     Pop.  of  township,  710. 

Strong,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  in  Strong 
township,  on  Sandy  River,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Au- 
gusta, and  10  miles  N.  of  Farmington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  starch-factory,  4o.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 634. 

Strongoli,  stron'go-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  2859. 

Strong  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Scott  oo.,  runs 
southwestward  through  Smith  and  Simpson  cos.,  and  enters 
Pearl  River. 

Strong's  Ca&on,  a  station  in  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  6J  miles  S.W.  of  Truckee. 

Strong's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Oualan. 

Strong's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  and  town- 
ship of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage 
City.  The  township  contains  Arkdale,  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  934. 

Strongs'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pine  township,  Indi- 
ana CO.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Strongs'ville,  a  post-village  in  Strongsville  township, 
Cuyahoga  oo.,  0.,  on  Rocky  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Berea,  and 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  mills.  The  township  has  3  cheese-factories  and  a 
pop.  of  896. 

Strongyle,  the  ancient  name  of  Stromboli. 

Strongylo,  strong'e-lo,  an  islet  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Pares, 

Stron'sa,  or  Stron'say,  one  of  the  most  easterly  of 
the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  about  7i  miles  in  length  by 
6i  miles  in  breadth.  Pop.  1267.  Shores  deeply  indented 
by  bays,  and  surface  mostly  in  pasturage.  On  its  N.E.  side 
is  the  island  of  Papa-Stronsa. 

Stron'tian  (called  stron-tee'an  by  the  people  of  the 
vicinity),  a  hamlet  and  quoad  sacra  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Argyle,  on  an  arm  of  the  sea  called  Loch  Sunart,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  William,  noted  for  its  mines  of  lead  and 
strontian,  which  metal  is  named  from  the  parish. 

Strontian  (stron'she-an)  Island,  or  Green  Island, 
one  of  the  Wine  Islands  of  Lake  Erie,  in  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  IJ 
miles  W.  of  Put-in-Bay.  Area,  9  acres.  It  belongs  to  the 
United  States  government,  and  contains  large  deposits  of 
strontia  sulphate.     Here  is  the  Green  Island  light-house. 

Strophades,  Ionian  islets.     See  Strivali. 

Stroppiana,  strop-pe-i'nl,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Veroelli.     Pop.  2645. 

Strother,  stroTH'^r,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fair- 
field CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  37 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  store. 

Stroud,  strSwd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  a  branch  railway.  Pop.  7082, 
The  town,  on  an  eminence  at  the  confluence  of  the  Frome 
and  Slade  Rivers,  is  well  built,  and  has  many  woollen-  and 
fulling-mills  and  dyeing-establishments.  It  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Stroud,  or  Strood,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Medway,  continuous  across  a  bridge 
with  Rochester.     Pop.  4186. 

Stroud,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2160. 

Stroud  City,  Kentucky.  See  Owensborough  Junction. 

Stroud's,  a  village  and  station  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of 
Owensborough. 

Stroudsburg,  strSwdz'burg,  a  post-borough,  capita 
of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  in  Stroud  township,  on  Brodhead'* 
Creek  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 
53  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Easton, 
and  4  miles  N.W.  of  the  Delaware  Water  Gap.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  attractive  scenery,  and  contains  a  court-house,  3 
or  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.   Pop.  2419. 

StrondAvater,  strSwd'wi-tfr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  in  Deering  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Port- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Strout,  strSwt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  III.,  on  thf 
Chicago  &,  Alton  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Struga,  stroo'gi,  written  also  Strouga,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  6  miles  W.  of  Ochrida. 


STR 


2550 


STU 


Strnma,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  Kara-Soo. 

Struppa^  stroop'pi,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Genoa,  on  the  Bisagno,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3137. 

Strnther's  (struTH'^rz)  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Poland  township,  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula  & 
Pittsburg  Eailroad,  and  on  the  Mahoning  River,  4^  miles 
S.E.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  blast-furnace 
for  iron.     Pop.  about  300. 

Stry,  stree,  a  river  of  Austrian  Galicia,  rises  in  the 
Carpathians,  flows  N.  and  I^T.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  110 
miles,  joins  the  Dniester  4  miles  N.E.  of  Zydaczow. 

Stry,  a  fortified  town  of  Galioia,  on  the  Stry,  42  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lemborg.     Pop.  9880. 

Stryen,  or  Strijen,  stri'^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  8  miles  S.  of  Dort.    Pop.  3261. 

Stry'ker,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  on  Bean  Creek,  and  on  the  Air-Line  division 
of  the  Lake  Shore  k  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  47  miles 
"W.  by  S.  of  Toledo,  and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bryan.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  671. 

Strykersville,  or  Strikersvillejstri'k^rs-vil,  a  post- 
village  in  Sheldon  township,  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Strymon,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Strymonicus  Sinus.    See  Gulp  of  Orphano. 

Strynoe  and  Strynoe-Kalp,  strii'no^fh-k&lp,  two 
islets  of  Denmark,  between  the  islands  of  Langeland,  Taa- 
singe,  and  Mvoe. 

Strypen,  stri'p^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 13  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1210. 

Stryvelyne,  a  burgh  of  Scotland.    See  Stirling. 

Strzelno,  strzhfil'no,  or  Strschelno*  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Posen,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Inowrazlaw.     Pop.  3493. 

StrzyzoW)  strzhee'zov,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galioia, 
near  Jaslo,  on  the  Wisloka.     Pop.  1273. 

Stn'art,  an  island  in  Behring's  Sea,  in  lat.  63°  33'  N., 
ion.  162°  19'  W.,  about  20  miles  in  circuit. 

Stnart)  a  post-village,  partly  in  Stuart  township,  Adair 
CO.,  and  partly  in  Penn  township,  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
5  churches,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  2052. 

Stuart)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Danville  &  Western  Railroad,  about  25  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Martinsville.     Pop.  in  1890,  332. 

Stubbekiobing,  stoob'b^h-k'yo^bing,  a  maritime  town 
of  Denmark,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Falster,  16 
miles  S.  of  Praestoe.     Pop.  1247. 

Stubblefieldy  stub'b^l-feeld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bond 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Yandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad^ 
47  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Stubblefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
from  Wingo's  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Stndenecz,  stoo'd^h-nStch^  or  Stndanka,  stoo-d&n'- 
k4,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Bidschow,  on  the  road 
to  Starkenbach.     Pop.  2133. 

Stud'Iand,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  in  the 
island  of  Purbeck,  3  miles  N.  of  Swanage,  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Poole  Harbor.  Studland  Bay,  on  its  E.  side,  is  a 
fair  anchorage,  and  near  it  is  Brownsea  Island,  with  a 
castle,  defending  the  entrance  of  Poole  Harbor. 

StuhlAveissenburg,  stool-^i's^n-bSSRG*  (or  -burg),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  in  a  marshy  tract, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Balatony.  Pop.  22,683.  It  has 
some  handsome  buildings,  including  the  bishop's  palace 
and  offices,  county  hall,  the  Marienkirche,  in  which  14 
kings  of  Hungary  were  buried,  a  gymnasium,  other  Roman 
Catholic  schools,  a  military  academy,  a  Magyar  theatre, 
manufactures  of  flannels  and  leather,  a  trade  in  wine,  and 
large  cattle-markets. 

Stuhlweissenbnrg,  or  Weissenburg  (Hung. 
Sz6kea-Feh6r,  si'kfish-feh-har'),  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of 
Hungary,  bounded  E.  by  the  Danube.  Area,  1606  square 
miles.  It  is  level  in  the  S.,  but  broken  in  the  N.  Wine 
and  tobacco  are  leading  products.     Pop.  196,234. 

Stuhm,  stoom,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Marienwerder,  between  two  lakes.  Pop.  2146.  It  has 
an  old  castle.  Here  Gustavus  Adolphus  defeated  the  Poles 
in  1630. 

Stuka,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Stooka. 

Stukely^  Quebec.     See  South  Stukblt. 

Stumke'8  (st&m'kiz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Franklin  township,  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles  from  Milan. 
It  has  a  church . 


Stump'ey  Point,  a  post-office  of  Dare  co.,  N.C. 

Stump  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Stump  Sound,  a  post-township  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington.  Here 
are  forests  of  pine.     Pop.  1515. 

Stnra,  stoo'ri  (anc.  Stu'ra),  a  river  of  North  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  36  miles,  joins  the  Po  3 
miles  N.  of  Turin. 

Stura,  a  river  of  North  Italy,  flows  for  70  miles  N.E., 
and  joins  the  Tanaro  on  the  left,  near  Cherasco. 

Stur'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  and  li  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Stnr'bridge,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  about  30  miles  E.  of 
Springfield,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3 
churches.  The  township  contains  Fiskedale,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  print  cloth,  bits,  augers,  carriages,  and 
women's  shoes,  and  a  pop.  of  221 3.  Graphite  is  mined  here. 

Stnr'devant,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Tallapoosa 
CO.,  Ala.,  near  Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Savannah  & 
Memphis  Railroad,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Opelika.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Sturge,  stiirj,  an  island  of  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  the 
easternmost  of  the  five  which  compose  the  Balleny  group, 
in  lat.  66°  44'  S.,  Ion.  163°  11'  W.  It  is  very  elevated,  the 
highest  peak  being  about  6000  feet. 

Sturgeon,  8tiir'J9n,  a  lake  of  Canada,  27  miles  long  by 

6  miles  broad,  connected  with  Pine  Island  Lake  by  the 
river  Saskatchewan,  in  lat.  54°  N.,  Ion.  102°  W.  It  re- 
ceives Sturgeon  River,  a  rapid  stream,  30  miles  long. 

Sturgeon,  stur'jgn,  a  station  in  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  L'Anse. 

Sturgeon,  a  post- village  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Moberly,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  (1890)  713. 

Sturgeon,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  4  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Sturgeon  Bay,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Door  oo., 
Wis.,  in  Sturgeon  Bay  township,  on  a  narrow  inlet  of 
Green  Bay,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Oconto,  and  3  miles  W.  of 
Lake  Michigan,  which  is  the  E.  boundary  of  the  township. 
It  contains  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches, 
4  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  A  short  canal  connects 
the  inlet  (called  Sturgeon  Bay)  with  Lake  Michigan.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2196. 

Sturgeon  Lake,  a  station  of  the  Lake  Superior  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  62  miles  S.W.  of  Dnluth,  Minn. 

Sturgeon  River,  Houghton  co.,  Mioh.,  enters  Portage 
Lake  about  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Houghton. 

Stnrgeonville,  a  post-village  of  Brunswick  oo.,  Va., 
10  miles  N.  of  Lawrenceville. 

Sturgis,  stur'jis,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Morganfield. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Sturgis,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Sturgis  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  31  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elkhart,  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Coldwater,  and  36  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kalamazoo.    It  has 

7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union 
school,  a  machine-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2489. 

Stur'minster  New'ton  Castle,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  on  the  Stour,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Shaftesbury 
Pop.  of  parish,  1965.     It  has  some  manufactures  of  baize. 

Sturt,  a  mountain  of  New  South  Wales,  in  the  Darling 
Downs. 

Sturt  Moun'tain,  in  South  Australia,  is  the  most  con- 
spicuous summit  of  the  Gawler  range,  W.  of  Spencer  Gdlf. 
Lat.  32°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  30'  E. 

Sturt  Riv'er,  South  Australia,  enters  the  Gulf  of  ist. 
Vincent  near  Glenelg,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Adelaide. 

Stuts'man,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  North 
Dakota,  is  drained  by  the  Dakota  River.  Area,  2304  square 
miles.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.    Capital,  Jamestown.    P.  (1890)  5266. 

Stutt'gart,  or  Stut'gard  (Ger.  pron.  stoSt'gaRt),  the 
capital  city  of  Wiirtemberg,  Germany,  on  the  Nesenbach, 
a  small  affluent  of  the  Neckar,  li  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
that  river,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  Lat.  of  the 
cathedral,  48°  46'  36"  N.;  Ion.  9°  10'  62"  E.  The  city  is 
surrounded  by  gardens  and  vineyards,  and  is  entered  by  an 
avenue  of  poplars.  It  is  mostly  well  built,  and  has  some 
broad  and  handsome  streets  and  fine  squares,  in  one  of 
which  is  the  royal  palace,  a  freestone  edifice,  opening  on 


STU 


2551 


sue 


uDO  Bide  into  a  fine  park.  This  palace  contains  many  good 
Flemish  paintings,  and  sculptures  by  Dannecker  and  Canova, 
The  old  palace,  and  the  theatre  in  the  same  square,  a  Gothic 
ohuroh,  with  tombs  of  the  dukes  of  Wurtemberg,  the  pal- 
ace of  the  princes,  parliament  house,  city  hall,  chancery 
court,  barracks,  post-oflSce,  gymnasium,  city  schools,  large 
hospital,  workhouse,  royal  stud-house,  stables,  and  riding- 
school,  are  the  other  principal  edifices ;  and  here  are  a  public 
library  containing  450,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  natural 
history,  with  a  remarkable  series  of  fossils,  royal  cabinets 
of  coins,  medals,  antiquities,  and  maps,  the  royal  library, 
and  many  private  libraries.  Stuttgard  is  the  terminus  of 
numerous  railways.  Printing  and  book-binding  form  the 
chief  branches  of  its  industry.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  goods,  jewelry,  mathematical  and  mu- 
sical instruments,  perfumery,  corsets,  gloves,  and  carpets, 
with  breweries  and  vinegar-works.  In  its  vicinity  wine  is 
made ;  and  near  it  is  Cannstadt,  a  favorite  watering-place. 
Stuttgart  is  of  ancient  date,  and  owes  its  name  to  a  castle 
which  existed  before  1080.  In  1119  it  obtained  corporate 
rights  from  Kudolf,  Margrave  of  Baden,  and  in  1320  became 
the  residence  of  the  counts  of  Wiirtemberg.  It  was  much 
extended  and  improved  about  1449,  and  has  since,  with  only 
a  short  interval,  been  the  capital.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  Cann- 
stadt, in  1885,  125,906;  in  1890,  139,817. 

Stnyvesant)  stl'v§s-ant,  a  post-village  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Stuyvesant  township,  on  the  Hudson  River, 
and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Hudson, 
and  18  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing,  3 
churches,  and  a  foundry.  The  township  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Stuyvesant  Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2393. 

Stuyvesant  Falls,  a  post- village  in  Stuyvesant  town- 
ship, Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  24  miles  S. 
of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods.  The  creek  affords  water-power.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Styles  Station,  New  York.    See  Stiles  Station, 

Styr,  steer,  a  river  of  Austria  and  Russia,  in  Galicia, 
Volhynia,  and  Minsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles,  joins 
the  Pripets  22  miles  E.  of  Pinsk. 

Styria,  or  Stiria,  stir'e-a  (Ger.  Steyermark,  sti'^r- 
mank^ ;  Fr.  Styrie,  steeVee' ;  anciently  a  part  of  Nor'icum), 
a  duchy  and  crown-land  in  Cisleithania,  Austria-Hun- 
gary, between  lat.  45°  54'  and  47°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  13°  30' 
BJid  16°  25'  E.,  having  on  the  E.  Hungary,  S.  Illyria  and 
Croatia,  and  N.  and  W.  Upper  Austria.  Area,  8671  square 
miles.  Pop.  1,282,708,  partly  of  Slavic  and  partly  of 'Ger- 
man descent.  It  chiefly  consists  of  the  valley  or  basin  of 
the  Mur,  with  portions  of  those  of  the  Drave  and  Save  in 
the  S.,  and  the  Enns  in  the  N.W.,  which  valley  is  separated 
from  that  of  the  Mur  by  the  Noric  Alps.  The  highest 
point  of  these,  the  Hochschwab,  is  upwards  of  7600  feet  in 
elevation.  The  Styrian  Alps,  S.  of  the  Mur,  rise  in  the 
Eisenhut  to  7656  feet  in  height,  and  a  branch  of  the  Carnic 
Alps  separates  the  Drave  and  Save.  The  surface  is  almost 
wholly  mountainous,  except  in  the  S.E.,  where  are  some 
plains  on  which  corn,  fruit,  tobacco,  Ac,  are  raised;  else- 
where pastoral  and  mining  industry  chiefly  occupy  the  pop- 
ulation. The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  maize,  pulse,  fruits, 
hemp,  and  flax.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  extensively  reared. 
Mining  is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Leading  mineral 
products  are  iron,  copper,  salt,  alum,  and  coal,  with  small 
quantities  of  lead,  silver,  gold,  and  zinc;  marble  and 
building-stones  are  abundant,  and  the  country  contains 
many  medicinal  springs.  Styria  lies  in  the  high  route 
between  Austria  and  the  Adriatic,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
railway  from  Vienna  to  Triest.  It  is  divided  into  the  circles 
of  Griitz  (the  capital),  and  Marburg,  Cilly,  Judenburg,  and 
Bruek,  its  other  chief  towns.  Nearly  all  its  inhabitants  are 
Roman  Catholics.  Styria  was  erected  into  a  margraviate 
by  Charlemagne.  It  has  belonged  to  Austria  since  1192. 
[^ Adj.  and  inhab.  Stykian,  stlr'e-an. 

Snabia,  Germany.     See  Swabia. 

Suadiah,  or  Snadeiah.    See  Sweideetab. 

Suakim,  Suakem,  soo-i'k^m,  Suakin,  or  Sna- 
JLCn,  swi'k§n,  a  seaport  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Red  Sea, 
on  an  island  oflF  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  19°  7'  N.,  Ion.  37° 
20'  E.  Pop.  4078.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  and  is  a 
station  for  pilgrims  and  for  trade  to  and  from  Arabia. 

Suamico,  swom'^ko,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises 
in  Shawano  co.,  runs  eastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  en- 
ters Green  Bay  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay. 

Snamico,  a  post-village  in  Suamico  township,  Brown 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Green 
Bay.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  township 
is  bounded  E.  by  Green  Bay.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1074. 


Suapure,  8w&-poo'r&,  or  Sivapnre,  se-v&-poo'ri,  a 
river  of  Venezuela,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Parima,  near  lat.  6° 
S.,  flows  W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Orinoco  on  the  right,  after 
a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Snarez,  United  States  of  Colombia.     See  Sarabita. 

Suata,  sw&'ti,  or  Snapa,  8w&'p&,  a  town  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  province  of  Socorro,  about  80  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     It  consists  of  about  1000  houses. 

Snbaschi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobashi. 

Subathoo,  or  Subhatoo,  8oo^b&-too',  a  town  of 
Northwest  India,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Jumna,  28  milet 
S.E.  of  Belaspoor.     It  is  a  sanitarium  for  British  troops. 

Subbermntty,  a  river  of  India.    See  SABERinrTTEE. 

Snbbiano,  soob-be-&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the 
Arno,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Florence.     P.  of  commune,  3725. 

Snbiaco,  soo-be-i'ko  (anc.  Subla'queum),  a  town  of 
Central  Italy,  31  miles  E.  of  Rome,  on  the  Teverone.  Pop. 
6990.  It  is  picturesquely  situated,  and  has  a  castle,  long  a 
summer  residence  of  the  popes,  a  monastery  founded  in  the 
fifth  century,  and  remains  of  a  villa  of  Nero. 

Sub'lett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Northern  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church. 

Snb'lette,  a  post-village  in  Sublette  township,  Lee  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Mendota,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1300. 

Sub'lett's  Ferry,  apost-oflBce  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  5  miles  from  Bellefonte. 

Sublett's  Tavern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Powhatan  co., 
Va.,  near  the  James  River,  about  24  miles  W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church. 

Subligna,  sub'lig-na,  a  post-village  of  Chattooga  co., 
Ga.,  is  at  the  junction  of  several  valleys,  25  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery, 
and  2  stores. 

Sublime,  siib-lim',  a  post-oflSce  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  S.  of  Weimar. 

Sublim'ity,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  Ih 
miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  is  situated  on  an  eminence  com- 
manding a  sublime  view  of  mountains.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches.     Pop.  75. 

Sub  Rosa,  sub  ro'za,  a  post-oflSce  of  Franklin  co..  Ark., 
10  miles  S.  of  Ozark. 

Subtiava,  soob-te-8.'va,  a  town  of  Nicaragua,  on  a 
lake,  near  the  Pacific,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leon.     Pop.  5000. 

Subunreeka,  a  river  of  India.     See  Soobpnrekha. 

Subz,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shehr-e-Soobz. 

Subzawar,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Sabzawar. 

Subzawur,  sub-za-wiir',  a  town  and  fort  of  West  Af- 
ghanistan, on  a  river,  110  miles  S.  of  Herat.  Lat.  33°  20' 
N.:  Ion.  62°  10'  E. 

Subzow,  Russia.    See  Soobtsov. 

Sucarnoochee,  s&k-ar-noo'chee,  or  Snck^emo'- 
chee,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kemper  co..  Miss.,  on 
Sucarnoochee  Creek,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Meridian. 

Sucarnoochee  Creek  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  and  runs  southeastward  into  Alabama. 
It  intersects  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tombigbee 
River  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Livingston.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long,  and  is  navigable. 

Succadana,  siik-k&-d&'n8,,  written  also  Soekadana, 
a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Simpang  River,  lat.  1°  20'  S.  The  exports  comprise 
opium,  camphor,  salt,  diamonds,  gold-dust,  and  tin. 

Snc^casun'na,  or  Snck^asun'ny,  a  post-village  of 
Morris  co.,  N. J.,  in  Roxbury  township,  on  the  Morris  Canal 
and  the  Chester  Branch  Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Dover, 
and  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  pottery  for  stone-ware. 

Suc'cess',  a  post-ofiice  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  on  Sa- 
line River,  8i  miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill. 

Success,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Traverse  City.     Near  it  are  several  lakes. 

Success,  township,  Coos  co.,  N.H.    Area,  30,000  acres. 

Success,  Sufiblk  CO.,  N.Y.    See  Northville. 

Suc6,s{i^s&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf^rieure,  on 
the  Erdre,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2119. 

Su-Chew,  China.     See  Soo-Chow-Foo. 

Suchiltepec,  soo-cheel-ti-p5k',  a  town  of  Guatemala, 
capital  of  a  department,  75  miles  W.  of  New  Guatemala, 
on  the  river  Suchiltepec,  which  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  near  a  volcano  of  the  same  name.  Indigo  and  cochi- 
neal are  cultivated  in  its  vicinity. 

Suchin,  soo'chin,  a  small  native  state  of  India,  i> 
Guzerat.     Pop.  17.103. 


sue 


2552 


SUF 


Suchona)  a  river  of  Kussia.    See  Sookhona. 

Stichteln,  silK'tSln,  a  village  of  Ehenish  Prussia,  19 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  a  canal.     Pop.  1840. 

Sucidavay  the  ancient  name  of  Suczawa. 

Suck)  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  flows  mostly  S., 
and  joins  the  Shannon  at  Shannon  Bridge. 

Suckasunuy)  New  Jersey.    See  Succasunna. 

Suck'er  Flat,  a  mining-camp  of  Yuba  co.^  Cal.,  ^ 
mile  from  Yuba  Kiver,  and  about  15  miles  E.  of  Marysville. 
Here  are  placer  gold-mines  which  were  once  rich. 

Sucker  Lake,  a  post-ofQce  of  Polk  oo.,  Wis. 

Suckernochee  Creek.    See  Sitcarnoochee. 

Sucre,  a  city  of  Bolivia.    See  Chuquisaca. 

Sucro,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Jucar. 

Sucro,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cullera. 

Sucuriu,  soo-koo-re-oo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
Serra  de  Itaqueira,  in  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins  the  Parand 
«n  the  right,  8  miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Tiete. 

Suczawa,  soo-chi'^&,  or  Sutschawa,  soo-ch&'M,  a 
river  of  Austria,  rises  in  Bukowina,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  Galicia  and  Roumania,  and  joins  the  Sereth 
after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Suczawa,  Suczava,  soo-ch9,'v&,  or  Satschawa 
(anc.  Sucidava),  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina,  near  the 
Buczawa,  on  the  frontier  of  Roumania,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Kimpolung.  Pop.  7436.  It  has  several  Greek  and  Arme- 
nian churches,  a  synagogue,  and  a  high  school. 

Suda,  soo'd&,  or  Swid,  swid,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  and,  flowing  S.E., 
joins  the  Sheksna  below  Cherepovetz.  Total  course,  about 
140  miles. 

Sudak,  a  town  of  the  Crimea.     See  Soobak. 

Sudan,  a  region  of  Africa.    See  Soodan. 

Sudbury,  sud'b^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Suf- 
folk and  Essex,  on  the  Stour,  19  miles  W.  of  Ipswich.  Pop. 
6908.  The  town,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river,  is  neat,  clean, 
well  built,  and  has  3  parish  churches,  a  handsome  town 
ball,  a  grammar-school,  an  important  manufacture  of  silks 
and  buntings,  an  export  trade  in  agricultural  produce,  and 
imports  of  coal. 

Sudbury,  sud'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Sudbury  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &,  Fitch- 
burg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lowell,  and  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 
The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Sudbury  River,  and  con- 
tains South  Sudbury.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1177. 

Sudbury,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  in  Sudbury 
township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Rut- 
land. It  has  a  church.  Good  marble  is  found  in  this 
township.     Pop-  of  the  township,  601. 

Sudbury  Uiver,  Massachusetts,  drains  part  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  runs  northward,  and  unites  with  the  Assabet 
about  1  mile  N.AV.  of  Concord.  The  union  of  these  rivers 
forms  the  Concord  River. 

Sudermania,  Sweden.     See  Sodeumannlanb. 

Suderoe,  soo'der-o  or  soo'd§r-b^§h,  almost  soo'd§r-iih^- 
y§h,  one  of  the  Faroe  Islands.     It  has  beds  of  lignite. 

Suder  Ogg,  Prussia.     See  Nohdeu  Ogg. 

Sudeten- Gebirge,  soo'd§h-t§n-gh§h-beeB'gh§h,  or 
Sudet'ic  Mountains  (anc.  Sude'ti  Mon'tes),  a  moun- 
tain-range of  Germany,  comprising  the  Fiehtel-Berg,  Erz- 
Gebirge,and  Riesen-Gebirge.  They  encircle  Bohemia,  being 
connected  on  the  E.  with  the  Carpathians  and  on  the  W. 
with  the  mountains  of  Franconia. 

Sudharam,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Noakhally. 

Sud'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Queen  Anne's  &  Kent  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Centreville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  cannery.     Pop.  200. 

Sud'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  near 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Annapolis. 

Sud'ley  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  8  miles  N.  of  Manassas.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Sudost,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soodost. 

Sudsha,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sooja. 

Sudnd,  sooMiLd'  (probably  the  Zadud  of  Scripture),  a 
large  village  of  Syria,  E.  of  the  route  from  Damascus  to 
Horns  (Emesa). 

Suduk,  or  Sadak,  sud^&k',  a  river  of  Beloochistan, 
rises  near  lat.  26°  N.,  Ion.  63°  22'  B.,  and,  after  a  S.  course 
of  140  miles,  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  125  miles  E.  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Doostee. 

Sudzice,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  Zauditz. 

Sue,  soo'i,  an  island  of  Torres  Strait,  one  of  "  The  Sis- 
ters," N.N.E.  of  Cape  York.  Lat.  10°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  142° 
^2'  E.     At  the  W.  end  of  the  island  is  a  native  village. 

Sueca,  sw&'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Va- 


lencia, on  the  Jucar,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  11,340. 

Suecia,  Sueco,  Su^de,  and  Suedia.  See  Sweden, 

Sue  (su)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  4  stores,  a  grist- 
mill, &o. 

Suediah,  swi'de-4  (anc.  Seleu'cia),  a  port  of  Asiatio 
Turkey,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Antioch. 

Sue],  su'§l,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Suessa  Arrunca,  the  ancient  name  of  Sessa. 

Suessonum,  or  Suessiouum.    See  Soissons. 

Suez,  soo'fiz,  written  also  Souez  and  Soueys  (Arab, 
pron.  soo-fiz'  or  soo-aiz';  anc.  Cleopa'tris  or  Arain'oe),  a  fron- 
tier seaport  town  of  Egypt,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of 
Suez  (an  arm  of  the  Red  Sea),  76  miles  E.  of  Cairo.  Lat. 
29°  58'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  32°  34'  2"  E.  It  is  a  station  for  nu- 
merous  caravans  and  travellers.  It  is  connected  by  railway 
with  Cairo  and  Alexandria,  and  since  the  construction  of 
the  Suez  Canal,  which  crosses  the  Isthmus  of  Suez  from 
Port  Said  to  this  town,  it  has  greatly  improved.  The  old 
town  is  built  of  sun-dried  bricks,  having  about  a  dozen 
mosques,  a  Greek  church,  a  custom-house,  government 
house,  &o.  There  are  also  fine  hotels,  hospitals,  store- 
houses, and  a  chalet  of  the  khedive.  The  country  around 
it  is  a  perfect  desert,  and  all  provisions  and  water  are 
brought  to  it  from  great  distances.  From  its  position  on 
the  high-road  between  Egypt  and  the  East,  Suez  has  always 
been  a  place  of  extensive  transit  trade ;  and  since  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  overland  route  to  India  it  has  become 
the  residence  of  many  merchants  and  agents.  Its  water- 
supply  comes  from  the  Nile.  Two  miles  S.  of  the  town  is 
a  spacious  new  artificial  port,  with  a  dry-dock,  besides 
which  there  is  a  canal  port,  with  extensive  buildings  and  a 
quay.  Pop.  12,500.  See  Gulp  op  Suez,  and  Isthmus  of 
Suez. 

Su^ez',  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co.,  111.,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Galesburg.  It  contains  the  village  of  Nor- 
wood, a  hamlet  named  Suez,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1176. 

Suffeed  Koh,  or  Sufeid  Koh,  suf-feed'  ko  (the 
"white  mountain"),  in  Afghanistan,  100  miles  S.  of  the 
Hindoo-Koosh,  bounds  the  valley  of  Cabool  on  the  S., 
extending  from  W.  to  E.,  near  35°  50'  S.  lat.  and  between 
Ion.  69°  36'  and  71°  16'  E.  It  has  three  parallel  ranges, 
the  two  lower  covered  with  pine  woods,  the  loftiest  steep 
and  rocky,  rising  in  one  part  to  14,200  feet  in  height  and 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Suffeid  Rud,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Sepeed  Rood. 

Suf'fern,a  post-village  in  Ramapo  township,  Rockland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pier- 
mont  Branch  with  the  main  line,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  New 
York,  and  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goshen.  It  contains  a  school 
called  the  Mountain  Institute,  and  3  churches. 

SuPfield,  a  post-village  in  Suffield  township,  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A 
Hartford  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Hartford,  and  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Connecticut.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2 
paper-mills,  and  several  cigar-factories.  Here  is  the  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institute  (Baptist).   P.  of  township,  3277. 

Suffield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Suffield  township,  Portage 
CO.,  0.,  9  miles  S.  of  Kent,  and  about  10  miles  JE.S.E.  of 
Akron.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1444. 

Sufllenheim,  soof'fl§n-him^  (Fr.  Soufflenheim,  soof- 
flfin^Sm'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bischweiler. 
Pop. 3014. 

Suffolk,  siif'fgk,  a  county  of  England,  having  E.  the 
North  Sea,  N.  Norfolk,  W.  Cambridgeshire,  and  S.  Essex. 
Area,  1485  square  miles.  Pop.  371,236.  The  Ouse  and 
Waveney  Rivers  form  the  N.  boundary;  the  S.  limit  is 
formed  by  the  Stour,  which,  with  the  Orwell,  expands  into 
an  estuary  near  the  sea.  Most  of  it  is  level  and  very  pro- 
ductive. Wheat,  barley,  beans,  oats,  turnips,  and  hemp  are 
the  principal  ci'ops  ;  hops  and  wool  are  raised ;  dairy  hus- 
bandry is  important,  and  butter  is  a  chief  product.  Agri- 
culture is  the  leading  industrial  pursuit.  The  rivers  are 
mostly  navigable,  and  the  county  is  intersected  by  the  Stow- 
market  Canal,  the  Lowestoft  <fc  Norwich  Navigation,  and 
various  lines  of  railway.  Assizes  are  held  at  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's and  Ipswich ;  besides  which  boroughs  it  contains 
Eye  and  Sudbury,  and  the  market-towns  of  Woodbridge, 
Framlingham,  Mildenhall,  Brandon,  Lavenham,  Stowmar- 
ket,  Saxmundham,  Ac,  with  Orford,  Aldborough,  South- 
wold,  and  Lowestoft.  It  sends  nine  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons,  of  which  four  are  for  the  county. 

Suffolk,  siif'f9k,  a  small  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, bordering  on  Massachusetts  Bay.  It  comprises 
the  cities  of  Boston  and  Chelsea,  the  townships  of  Revere 
and  Winthrop,  and  several  small  islands  in  Boston  Harbot 


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«nd  the  adjacent  bay.  It  is  the  most  wealthy  county  of  the 
ftate,  and  the  most  populous  except  Middlesex  oo.  Cap- 
ital, Boston.  Pop.  in  1870,  270,802 ;  in  1876,  384,889  (ite 
area  having  been  somewhat  increased);  in  1880,  387,927; 
in  1890,  484,790. 

Suffolk,  the  most  sontheastern  county  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  comprises  the 
middle  and  eastern  parts  of  Long  Island,  and  is  bonnded 
on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  The  coasts  are  deeply  indented  by  inlets 
and  bays,  which  afford  good  harbors.  Great  Peconic  Bay 
at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  island  is  the  largest  inlet. 
The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Hay, 
butter,  Indian  com,  potatoes,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  u  intersected  by  the  Long  Island  and 
£outh  Side  Bailroads.  Capital,  Riverhead.  Pop.  in  1870, 
46,924:  in  1875,  62,088 ;  in  1880,  53,888 :  in  1890,  62,491. 

Snfiolk,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col. 

Suffolk,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nansemond  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  Nansemond  River,  and  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  and  58  miles  B.S.E. 
•of  Petersburg.  It  is  1  mile  from  the  Dismal  Swamp.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  banks,  the  Suffolk 
Female  Institute,  the  Collegiate  Institute,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  cypress  shingles.     Pop.  (1890)  3354. 

Suffolk,  or  Pleasant  Grove,  a  village  in  viueens 
CO.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
Railway,  10  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Sugar  (shdSg'ar)  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Switzerland 
CO.,  Ind. 

Sugar  Creek  rises  in  Benton  co..  Ark.,  runs  north- 
westward, and  enters  the  Elk  River  in  McDonald  oo.,  Mo. 

Sugar  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Dodge  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Little  Oomulgee  River  in  Tel- 
fair 00. 

Sugar  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  McLean  co.,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Logan  co.,  and  enters  Salt  Creek  4  or  6 
tniles  S.E.  of  Mason  City.     It  is  about  65  miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  or  Rock  River,  Indiana,  rises  in 
Clinton  co.,  runs  southwestward  through  Montgomery  and 
Parke  cos.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Rockville.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs  nearly 
southward  through  the  cos.  of  Hancock  and  Shelby,  and 
enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  1  or  2  miles  below 
Edinburg.     It  is  about  85  miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Anderson  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  in  Linn  co.,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Mound  City. 

Sugar  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Catawba  River,  rises 
near  Charlotte,  N.C.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  that  river 
on  the  E.  border  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Sugar  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Wayne  oo.,  mns  sonth- 
eastward,  intersects  Stark  oo.,  and  enters  the  Tuscarawas 
River  at  Canal  Dover,  in  Tuscarawas  co.  It  is  about  50 
miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the  W.  part  of 
Bradford  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  River  2  or  3  miles  above  Towanda. 

Sugar  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Lawrence  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  Elk  River  in  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Ark. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Poinsett  co..  Ark.,  30  miles 
N.  of  Forrest  City.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Boone  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  3138. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.    P.  964. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1897.     It  contains  the  village  of  New  Palestine. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1176. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     P.  878. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1028. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     P.  617. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  station  in  Lee  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keo- 
kuk <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1070. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  716. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Glencoe. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Paducah  &  Elizabeth- 
town  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Nortonville,  Ky. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Barry  oo..  Mo.     P.  2112. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1559. 
161 


Sugar  Creek,  township,  Harrison  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1133. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Randolph  co..  Mo.     P.  7031. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Allen  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1016. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.     P.  1482. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     P.  1037. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1779. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1482. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.    Pop.  2006. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.    P.  1023. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sugar  Creek  township, 
Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of  Sugar 
Creek,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Franklin.  It  is  a  station  on  the 
Franklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  <t  Great  Western  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1656. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
978.     It  includes  Millard  and  a  part  of  Elkhom. 

Sugar  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa, 
28  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Davenport.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Sugar  Fork,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  356. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in  Sugar 
Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  Aurora.  Here  is  a  normal  and  industrial  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  787. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lafayette. 
It  contains  2  churches  and  the  Sugar  Grove  Institute. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.    P.  680. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Ludington.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Berne  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  near  the  Hocking  River, 
and  on  the  Columbus  <fc  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
pottery.     Pop.  254. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     P.  611. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  station  in  Mercer  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Greenville. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Sugar  Grove  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  Pa.,  about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corry,  and 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Jamestown,  N.Y.  It  has  a  newspapei 
office,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  <ko.  Pop.  about 
500 ;  of  the  township,  1729. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co,,  W.  Va.. 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Staunton,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Sugar  Grove  Station,  Pennsylvania.  SeeKsNNARD. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  about  66 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Lisbon  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  starch-factory. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Watkins,  and  about  15  miles  N.  of  Corn- 
ing.    It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  about  24 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Marshall. 

Sugar  Island,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  332.  It  is  a  large  island  in  St.  Mary's  Strait,  just 
below  Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

Sugar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Sugar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Wayne  township,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a 
church'.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Sugar  Land,  a  post-office  of  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  oo.,  Ark.,  22 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Smith.  Near  it  are  2  churches. 
Here  is  a  remarkable  mountain  called  Sugar  Loaf. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co.,  Col. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Ford  oo.,  Dl. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-village  in  Chester  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C 
Pop.  707. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.    P.  759 


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Sugar  Loaf)  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     P.  1240. 

Sngar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Sugar  Notch,  a  post-borough  in  Hanover  township, 
^azeme  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Nanticoke  Branch  of  the  Lehigh  <fc  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  is  in  the  Valley  of 
Wyoming,  and  has  mines  of  coal,  5  churches,  and  a  car- 
ghop.     Pop.  in  1880,  1582;  in  1890,  2586. 

Sugar  Pine,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  40 
miles  E.  of  Milton.   It  has  2  quartz-mills  and  4  saw-mills. 

Sugar  Ridge,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1140. 

Sugar  River,  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  runs  nearly  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  about  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Ascutney  Mountain,  Vermont. 

Sugar  River  rises  in  Dane  co..  Wis.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  intersects  Green  co.,  and  enters  the  Pecatonica 
River  in  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  about  8  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Sugar  Run,  a  post-village  in  Wilmot  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  18  miles  below 
Towanda,  and  1  mile  from  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Sugartown,  shd5g'ar-t5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu 
parish.  La.,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Sugartown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Malvern  Station,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    It  has  a  carriage-shop. 

Sugar  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0. 

Sugar  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  oo.,  Tenn. 

Sugar  Tree  Bottom,  a  township  of  Carroll  oo..  Mo. 
Pop.  2186. 

Sugar  Tree  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co., 
0.,  10  miles  S.  of  Hillsborough.     Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Sugar  Tree  Spring,  Taylor  co.,  Ky.  See  Woodvillb. 

Sugar  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Dalton. 

Sugar  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  oo.,  Kansas, 
9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Garnett. 

Sugar  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Dixon  township,  Preble 
00.,  0.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Eaton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Valley,  Clinton  co..  Pa.    See  Logansvillb. 

Suggs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ala.,  about  80 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  has  3  churches,  2  academies, 
and  25  families. 

Sughona,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sookhona. 

Sughra,  soog'r&,  a  seaport  town  of  Southeast  Arabia, 
with  a  fort,  in  lat.  13°  21'  30"  N.,  Ion.  45°  46'  E. 

Sugulmessa,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Segelhesa. 

Suharan,  or  Sudharamnagar.    See  Noakh ally. 

Suharunpore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sehardnpoor. 

Suhawar,  Sahawar,  8\ih^h§,-war',  or  Sehawar, 
s£h^ha-war',  a  town  of  India,  division  and  65  miles  N.E. 
of  Agra.     Pop.  5156. 

Suhespoor,  or  Sahaspoor,  siih^has-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Bijnaur.     Pop.  6309. 

Soheswan,  or  Sahaswan,  silh^h§,s-w&n',  a  town  of 
India,  near  the  Ganges,  district  and  25  miles  W.  of  Bu- 
daon.     Pop.  17,063. 

Suhl,  sool,  or  Suhia,  soo'ld,,  a  town  in  a  detached  district 
of  Prussian  Saxony,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  10,512, 
engaged  chiefly  in  iron-  and  steel-works  and  in  manufac- 
tures of  woven  fabrics  and  chemical  products. 

Suhr,  sooR,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1425. 

Suicille,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Soyicille. 

Sui^os,  A  Terra  dos.    See  Switzerlakd. 

Suigaon,  a  state  of  India.    See  Seogaxtu. 

Sui-Kow,  a  town  of  China.    See  Sooi-Kow. 

Suindinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Lb  Mans. 

Sninus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  river  Saliko. 

Suippes,  sweep,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Marne,  on  the  Suippes,  an  affluent  of  the  Aisne,  14  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Chaions.     Pop.  2240. 

Snir,  or  Sure,  shure,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the 
Devil's  Bit  Mountains,  flows  S.  through  the  co.  of  Tippe- 
rary,  and  in  conjunction  with  the  Barrow  expands  into  the 
estuary  of  Waterford  Harbor,  on  the  S.  coast.  Total  course, 
about  100  miles. 

Suira,  or  Suirah,  Morocco.    See  Mogadore. 

Sniscio,  swee'sho,  or  Suisio,  swee'se-o,  a  village  of 
Italy,  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ponte  San  Pietro,  on  the  Adda. 

Suisse,  the  French  name  of  Switzerland. 

Snisun  (soo'e-soon')  Bay,  California,  is  a  portion  of 
navigable  water  connected  with  San  Pablo  Bay  by  the  Strait 
of  Carquinez,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Contra 
Costa  and  Solano  cos.     Length,  12  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 


All  the  water  drained  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  by  the  Sacra- 
ipento  and  San  Joaquin  Rivers  passes  through  this  bay. 

Snisun  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.- 
is  on  a  navigable  slough,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  San 
Francisco,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento,  and  9  miles  N.  of 
Suisun  Bay.  It  is  on  low,  level  ground  only  a  few  fee* 
above  the  tide-water.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.  Vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water 
can  ascend  from  the  bay  to  this  place.     Pop.  about  600. 

Su'itland,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Suiza,  Suizo.    See  Switzerland. 

Sujah  Kat,  a  town  of  India.    See  Shoojuabad. 

Siy  ar,  soo-HaR',  or  Ziuar,  thoo-HaR',  a  river  of  Spain, 
in  Estremadura,  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Guadiana 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Don  Benito.     Length,  100  miles. 

Suk^eet',  Sukheet,  or  Sakit,  siik-eet',  a  town  t.f 
India,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Minpooree.     Pop.  6415.  , 

Suk-el- Jumahh,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Sennebf. 

Suk-el-Shuyukh.    See  Sook-el-Shooyookh. 

Suket,  or  Sukeit,  soo-kat',  one  of  the  Sutlej  hill- 
states  of  India,  attached  to  the  Punjab.  Area,  420  squar© 
miles.     Pop.  45,358. 

Sukhona,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sookhona. 

Suk'kertop^pen,  a  noted  headland  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Greenland,  in  lat.  65°  22'  N„  Ion.  53°  5'  W.  It  givea 
name  to  the  district  which  it  overlooks. 

Suk^kur',  or  Sakkhar,  suk^kiir',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  opposite  Roree.     Pop.  13,318. 

Sukna,  a  town  of  Fezzan.    See  Sockna. 

Suk'tee,  or  Sakti,  suk'tee,  a  native  state  of  India, 
with  its  centre  near  lat.  21°  52'  N.,  Ion.  82°  52'  E.  Area,. 
115  square  miles.     Pop.  8394. 

Suku-NBasir.    See  Soo-Koo-l-Baseer. 

Sukum-Kaleh,  Russia.    See  Sookhoom-Kalb. 

Sukyt,  soo^kit',  a  small  town  of  the  Punjab,  Jullinder 
Doab,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Beas  Rivers,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Belaspoor.  Lat.  31°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  52'  E.  It  ha» 
numerous  forts  and  strongholds,  and  is  the  capital  of  Sukyt, 
one  of  the  native  Sutlej  states,  having  a  pop.  of  44,180. 

Sula,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soola. 

Sul'acoe  (or  Pine  Log)  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flowi 
into  the  Coosawattee  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Suledal,  soo'ld-d4r,  a  parish,  river,  and  lake  of  Nor- 
way, stift  of  Christiansand,  and  a  village,  48  miles  N.E. 
of  Stavanger,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  lake. 

Suleimaneeyah,  or  Suleimaniyah,  s99-l&-m&- 
nee'yi  or  sul-i-mi-nee'yi,  sometimes  written  Soulei* 
manieh,  a  town  of  Turkish  Eoordistan,  73  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Xerkook.  It  comprises  1000  houses,  with  several  khans 
and  a  well-supplied  bazaar.  Its  vicinity  is  famed  from  its 
excellent  breed  of  horses. 

Suleiman  (s99-ld,-min')  Mountains,  a  range  in  East 
Afghanistan,  separating  Damaun  from  the  province  of  Se- 
wistan,  <fcc.,  and  extending  from  lat.  29°  to  33°  40'  N., 
Ion.  70°  E.  Culminating  point,  the  Tukhti-Suleiman 
("  throne  of  Solomon").  It  has  an  elevation  of  11,000  feet. 
The  sides  of  this  range  are  clothed  with  dense  forests,  and 
it  nowhere  reaches  the  snow-line. 

Suleu  (soo'l^n)  Islands,  a  group  oS"  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway,  stift  and  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bergen. 

Snlgen,  sool'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  on  the  Thur,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Bischofszell. 

Suli,  Souli,  soo'lee,  or  SuUi,  a  strong  fortress  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Epirus,  on  the  river  Suli,  sanjak  and 
31  miles  S.W.  of  Yanina. 

Sulia,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Zulla. 

Sulimana,  Africa.    See  Soolimana. 

Sulina,  Russia.    See  Soolina. 

Sulkea,  sul'ke-a,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogiy 
River,  opposite  Calcutta.  It  is  a  populous  northern  suburb 
of  Howrah,  and  has  brick-works  and  a  large  trade. 

Sul'livan,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  border- 
ing on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  Busseron  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
com,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  extensive  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  and  by  the 
Indiana  &  Illinois  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Sullivan. 
Pop.  in  1870,  18,453 ;  in  1880,  20,336  j  in  1890,  21,877. 

Sullivan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  656  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Muscle 
River,  Yellow  Creek,  the  Middle  and  West  Forks  of  Locust 
Creek,  and  the  East  Fork  of  Medicine  Creek,  all  of  which 
run  southward.    The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 


SUL 


2555 


SUL 


covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  wool,  pork,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  trarersed  07  the  Burlington  <fc 
Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Qainoy,  Omaha  &  Kan- 
sas City  Railroad.  Capital,  Milan.  Pop.  in  1880,  16,569 ; 
in  1890,  19,000. 

Snllivan,  a  county  of  New  Hampshire,  bordering  on 
Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is  drained 
by  the  Ashuelot  and  Sugar  Rivers.  Lake  Snnapee  touches 
its  eastern  border.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  ridges 
or  hills,  and  forests  of  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn, 
potatoes,  maple  sugar,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Connecticut  River  Railroad  passes  along  the  W.  border 
of  this  county,  and  the  Boston  it  Maine  Railroad  cuts 
Newport,  the  county  seat.  Pop.  in  1880,  18,161;  in  1890, 
17,304. 

SalliTan,  a  county  in  the  S.B.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  911  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Mongaup,  Neversink,  Beaver 
Kill,  and  Shawangunk  Rivers  and  Rondout  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  beech,  birch,  chestnut,  oak,  pine,  and  sugar-maple. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay, 
butter,  cattle,  oats,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Red  sandstone  of  the  Catskill  group  underlies  a  large  part 
of  the  surface.  The  Erie  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.W. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  New 
York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Ontario 
&  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal. 
A  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  connects  Monticello  with 
Port  Jervis.  Capital,  Monticello.  Pop.  in  1880,  32,491; 
in  1890,  31,031. 

Sullivan,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  446  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Loyalsock  and  Muncy  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
BQgar-mapIe,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  This  county  com- 
prises part  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Hay,  butter, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Good  coal  is 
found  here.  It  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Sullivan  & 
Erie  Railroad,  and  also  by  the  Williamsport  &  North 
Branch  Railroad.  Capital,  Laporte.  Pop.  in  1880,  8073 ; 
in  1890,  11,620. 

Snllivan,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Holston 
River,  which  unite  in  the  W.  part  of  the  county.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  mountainous,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  sugar-maple,  oak,  hickory, 
chestnut,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  and  iron  ore  are  abundant  here.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Qeorgia 
Railroad,  and  partly  traversed  by  the  Bristol  Belt  Line 
running  to  the  county  seat.  Capital,  Blountsville.  Pop. 
in  1880,  18,321;  in  1890,  20,879. 

Snllivan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moultrie  co.,  HI., 
in  Sullivan  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Decatur,  Mattoon  A  Southern  Railroad 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Mattoon. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  graded  school.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1305;  in  1890,  1468. 

Snllivan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind., 
in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Evansville  A  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  32  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Vincennes.  It  ha«  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  in  1880,  2121;  in  1890,  2222. 

Snllivan,  a  post- village  in  Sullivan  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,'  on  Frenchman's  Bay,  13  miles  E.  of  Ellsworth, 
and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  Here  are  granite- 
quarries  and  a  silver-mine.     Bop.  of  the  township,  1023. 

Snllivan,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad,  70i  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Louis,  and  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Maramec  River.  It 
has  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  300. 

Snllivan,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  7 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Keene.     Pop.  347. 

Snllivan,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  4921. 
It  contains  Chittenango  and  Canaseraga. 

Snllivan,  a  post- township  of  Ashland  00.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Wooster,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Oberlin.  The 
township  has  3  churches.     Pop.  825. 


Snllivan,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  aboat  25 

miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.     Pop.  1637. 

Snllivan,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2132. 

Sullivan,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  on 
both  sides  of  Bark  River,  about  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mil- 
waukee.    Pop.  1483.     It  contains  the  village  of  Rome. 

Sul'livan,  or  Williamsford,  a  post-village  in  Grey 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Owen  Sound.  It  contains  2  saw-mills,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  170. 

Snllivan  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Sullivan  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  111.,  18  miles  E.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  a  church. 

Snllivan  Cove  is  a  bay  of  the  Derwent  River,  Tas- 
mania, on  which  Hobart  Town  is  situated. 

Sullivan's  Island,  South  Carolina,  is  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Charleston.  It  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  channel.  Fort  Moultrie, 
erected  on  this  island,  commands  the  entrance  of  Charleston 
harbor. 

Sul'Iivant,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111.     Pop.  141. 

Snl'livanville,  a  post-village  in  Veteran  township^ 
Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  157. 

Sully,  sUriee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the 
Loire,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1980. 

Snl'ly,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Dakota, 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River.  Area,  1050 
sq.  m.     Capital,  Onida.     Pop.  in  1880,  296 ;  in  1890,  2412. 

Sulmirschntz,  s5Sl'meer-sh1its\  written  also  Snl> 
mierszyce,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Posen,  11 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ostrowo.     Pop.  2849. 

Sulmona,  sool-mo'n&,  or  Solmona  (ano.  Sul'mo),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  in  a  fertile  plain  be- 
tween two  head-streams  of  the  Aterno,  34  miles  S.E.  of 
Aquila.  Pop.  12,583.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufac- 
tures of  paper,  shell-goods,  confectionery,  and  leather. 

Sulphur,  Henry  co.,  Ky.     See  Sulphur  Fork. 

Sulphur  Bank,  California.     See  Eastlake. 

Sulphur  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,Tez.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Sulphur  Springs,  and  about  75  miles  N.W. 
of  Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sulphur  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

Sulphur  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co..  Ark.,  on 
Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Texarkana. 

Sulphur  Fork,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  Sulphur  Station, 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  10  stores. 

Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Texas,  drains  parts  of  Fannin,  Delta,  and  Lamar  cos., 
runs  eastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Titus,  Morris, 
and  Cass  cos.  on  the  right  and  Red  River  and  Bowie  cos.  on 
the  left,  and  enters  the  Red  River  in  Miller  co.,  Ark.  It 
is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Sulphur  Glen,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 

Sulphur  Hill,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    See  Geneva. 

Sulphur  Island,  East  Sea,  N.  of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands. 
Lat.  27°  56'  N.;  Ion.  128°  30'  E. 

Snlphur  Island,  North  Pacific,  Volcano  group,  S.  of 
the  Bonin  Islands.     Lat.  24°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  141°  20'  E. 

Sulphur  Island,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  Van  Diemen's 
Strait,  off  the  coast  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Lat.  30°  43'  N. ;  Ion 
130°  17'  E. 

Sulphur  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Sulphur  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Batesville.  It  has  an 
academy. 

Sulphur  Spring,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Poto 
mac  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Sulphur  Spring,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  Annapolis. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Munford.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a 
sulphur  spring.     Here  is  Bruner  Post-Offlce. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Benton  00.,  Ark. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  00.,  Cal. 

Sulphur  Springs,  Ga.  See  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  in  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chat- 
tanooga.    Here  is  Smith  Post-Office. 

Sniphnr  Springs,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  III. 
Pop. 1197. 

Sulphur  Springs,  township,  Morgan  co..  111.   P.  627. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  00., 
111.,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carbondale.     It  has  a  church. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Jefferson  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Chicago  Air- 


k 


SUL 


2556 


SUM     . 


Line  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  246. 

Sulphur  Springs^  a  post-hamlet  of  Baena  Vista  co., 
Iowa,  in  Providence  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Bail- 
road.     It  has  a  church. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Sulphur  Springs,  Kentucky.    See  Esculapia. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Kj.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Hartford. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.. 
Miss.,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sulphur  Springs.    See  Sitlphitr  Springs  Landing. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  township  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1222. 

Sulphur  Springs,  post-ofiSce,  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  township  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  967. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-bamlet  of  Douglas  oo., 
Oregon,  on  the  TJmpqua  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Drain 
Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  (Bedford  division),  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford,  Pa. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
from  Sterrett's  Gap. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn.,on 
the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston  Railroad,  4 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Morristown. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hopkins 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  East  Line  A  Red  River  Railroad,  93  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Jefiferson,  and  about  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking-houses, 
2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  sash, 
doors,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1854;  in  1890,  3038. 

Sulphur  Springs  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  at  Sulphur  Springs 
Station,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  mineral  spring. 

Sulphur  Station,  or  Moore's  Landing,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Bowie  CO.,  Tex.,  on  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River, 
and  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Jefferson.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Sulphur  Well,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  is  at 
Shelby  Depot,  on  the  Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Sulphur  Wells,  a  post-office  and  sanitarium  of  Los 
Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  2J  miles  N.  of  Norwalk  Station,  and  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.    Here  are  medicinal  springs. 

Snlsique,  sUrseek',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1020. 

Snltanabad,  sfil-ti^ni-bid',  atown  of  Persia,  in  Khoo- 
aistan,  near  the  Jerahi,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Doorak. 

Sultaneeyah,  Sultaniyah,  or  Sultanieh,  sool-t&- 
nee'a,  a  city  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  115  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hamadan,  once  the  capital  of  that  country  under 
the  sovereigns  of  the  race  of  Jenghis  Khan.  It  is  now 
almost  deserted ;  but  its  magnificent  ruins  attest  its  former 
glory.    Lat.  about  36°  30'  N.  j  Ion.  48°  30'  E. 

Sultaneeyah  (Sultaniyah,  or  Snltanieh)  His- 
sar,  sool-UL-nee'a  his^sar',  an  old  castle  of  Asia,  in  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Hellespont. 

Sultangunge,  or  Sultangam,  sool-t&n-giinj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  district  and 
14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Boglipoor,  with  a  conspicuous  mosque 
and  a  great  Hindoo  temple.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 
Pop.  4247.     It  has  a  large  trade. 

Sultan -Hissar,  soortin-his^sar'  (anc.  Ny'aat  or 
Tral'lea  f),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the  Mender,  48 
miles  E.  of  Ayasoolook.  It  has  the  remains  of  a  temple 
and  of  a  theatre. 

Sultani§.    See  Chanak-Kalessi. 

Sultaniyah,  or  Snltanieh.    See  Sultankbtah. 

Sultan-Meidan,  sJirtin'-miMin',  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Khorassan,  is  45  miles  N.W.  of  Nishapoor. 

Sultan  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan  Moun- 
tains, in  San  Juan  co..  Col.,  2  or  3  miles  from  Silverton. 
Its  altitude  is  13,366  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat. 
37°  47'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  107°  42'  W.  It  is  composed  of  vol- 
canic rooks.     Silver  is  found  near  it. 

SnlUanpoor',  a  district  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
India,  in  Oude,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Roy  Bareilly  division. 
Area,  1701  square  miles.     Pop.  1,000,336. 

Sultanpoor,  a  town  of  British  India,  dominions  and 
34  miles  S.  of  Oude. 


Suluk  Islands,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Sooloo  Islands. 

Sulz,  s5olts  (Fr.  Soultz,  sooltz),  a  town  of  Alsace,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar.     P^.  4987. 

Sulz,  sSSlts,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  Black  Forest,  on 
the  Neckar,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Oberndorf.  Pop.  1917.  Near 
it  are  springs  from  which  various  chemicals  are  prepared. 

Snlza,  Saxe- Weimar.     See  Stadt-Sulza. 

Sulzbach,  sSSlts'biK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Upper 
Palatinate,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Amberg,  on  the  Vils.  Pop. 
4372.     It  has  a  castle  and  a  Latin  school. 

Suize,  sSSlt's^h,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schw erin,  21 
miles  E.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  2529. 

Sulzmatt,  soolts'mit  (Fr.  Soultzmatt,  soolts^mlt'),  a 
town  of  Alsace,  3  miles  W.  of  Rufach.     Pop.  2303. 

Sn'mac,  or  Sn'mach,  a  post-office  of  Murray  oo.,  Q«k 

Sumadang,  or  Soemadang,  8oo'm&-d&ng',  a  large 
village  in  the  island  of  Java,  province  of  Preanger,  87 
miles  S.E.  of  Batavia. 

Sumanap,  or  Soemanap,  soo^m&^n&p',  the  eastern- 
most division  of  the  island  of  Madura,  reigned  over  by  its 
own  sultan,  but  subject  to  the  Dutch. 

Snmanap,  capital  of  the  above  division,  lies  on  the 
S.E.  coast,  at  the  month  of  the  Maringan,  in  a  large  bay. 
and  near  it  is  a  Dutch  fort,  built  in  1783. 

Sn'manville,  a  post-office  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Suman  Station,  44  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Sumanytown,  Pennsylvania.     See  Suunettown. 

Sumatra,  soo-m&'tr^  the  most  westerly  of  the  Sunda 
Islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  and,  next  to  Borneo  and  New 
Guinea,  the  largest  in  the  Eastern  seas,  between  lat.  5°  40'  N. 
and  6°  S.  and  Ion.  95°  20'  and  106°  E.,  separated  N.E.  from 
the  Malay  Peninsula  by  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  having  E. 
the  Java  Sea  and  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  separating  it  from 
the  island  of  Java,  and  on  other  sides  the  Indian  Ocean. 
Length,  N.W.  to  S.E.,  1025  miles;  breadth,  60  to  240  miles. 
Area,  estimated  at  177,000  square  miles;  pop.  vaguely  at 
from  2,000,000  to  3,000,000,  most  Malays,  but  partly  of  the 
Papuan  negro  race,  with  Moors  in  the  N.W.,  and  Dutch 
and  other  foreigners.  The  population  of  the  W.  coast,  un- 
der the  Dutch,  was  in  1891  1,275,900.  A  mountain-chain 
of  primitive  formation  extends  from  Point  Acheen  to  Sunda 
Strait,  keeping  near  to  the  W.  coast,  rising,  in  Mount  Ophir, 
at  the  equator,  to  13,800  feet ;  Bonko,  5400  feet ;  Mount 
Abong-Aoong,  7300  feet.  The  range  contains  3  volca- 
noes, and  in  them  are  found  granite,  marble,  syenite,  por- 
phyry, petroleum,  gold,  copper,  iron,  lignite,  saltpetre,  and 
tin.  Sulphur  is  abundant  in  some  localities.  The  E.  half 
of  the  island  is  mostly  level  or  undulating,  and  along  the 
coasts  there  are  many  sandy  and  marshy  plains,  traversed 
by  the  Siak,  Indrageri,  Jambi,  Palembang,  and  other  rivers 
of  large  size.  Climate  in  the  plains  not  oppressive ;  at 
mid-day  the  thermometer  usually  ranges  between  82°  and 
85°,  sometimes  rising  to  88°,  but  at  sunrise  not  more  than 
70°  Fahr.  Thick  fogs,  thunderstorms,  and  waterspouts  oflF 
the  coast  are  frequent.  Much  of  the  island  is  occupied  by 
dense  forosts.  Products  consist  of  rice,  sago,  millet,  cocoa- 
nuts,  betel,  sugar-cane,  an  abundance  of  tropical  fruits, 
turmeric,  ginger,  coffee,  rattans,  scented  wood,  teak  and  other 
timber,  and  the  European  colonists  successfully  cultivate  the 
vine;  but  the  principal  articles  of  export  are  pepper  to  about 
3,000,000  pounds  yearly,  gold-dust,  copper  ore,  sulphur, 
and  camphor,  in  the  N. ;  nutmegs,  cloves,  and  mace,  in  the 
Dutch  territory  of  Bencoolen ;  and  coral,  gutta-percha,  ben- 
zoin, and  tin,  in  Palembang  and  Menancabow,  many  of  which 
articles  are  brought  by  natives  from  the  interior  and  bar- 
tered at  the  ports  for  Indian  and  European  manufactured 
goods.  Iron,  coal  of  inferior  quality,  and  naphtha  are 
among  the  mineral  products.  Buffaloes  are  the  most  im- 
portant live-stock ;  tne  breed  of  horses  is  small,  but  hardy ; 
swine  and  goats  are  both  domestic  and  wild  ;  the  elephant, 
rhinoceros,  tiger,  bear,  deer,  orang-outang,  Ac,  roam  in  the 
forests,  and  the  hippopotamus  and  crocodile  are  met  vrith  in 
the  rivers.  The  inhabitants  build  their  houses  on  posts, 
and  adopt  other  usages  of  ultra-Gkingetic  nations ;  they 
manufacture  gold  and  silver  filigree-work  with  great  skill, 
also  silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  earthenwares,  arms,  and  do- 
mestic goods  generally ;  from  Palembang,  lacquered  basins, 
cane  boxes,  and  rattan  mats  of  the  best  quality  are  ex- 
ported to  Singapore ;  and  it  is  said  that  cannon  were  for- 
merly cast  at  Acheen,  in  the  N.W.,  which  territory  is,  how- 
ever, peopled  by  a  race  of  Moorish  descent.  Exports,  rice, 
caoutchouc,  cassia  lignea,  Ac.  Imports,  besides  manufac- 
tured goods  already  mentioned,  are  opium  and  salt,  from 
India,  coarse  porcelain,  iron-wares,  and  gold  thread,  from 
China,  striped  cottons,  spices,  krises,  and  other  weapons, 
from  Java,  Celebes,  and  other  islands  of  the  archipelago 


SUM 


2557 


SUM 


The  island  is  divided  among  a  number  of  native  states,  the 
chief  being  Aeheen  and  Menancabow,  in  the  central  moun- 
tain-region ;  Batta,  Siak,  Jambi,  Palembang,  and  Lampong, 
along  the  E.  from  N.  to  S.,  mostly  under  the  supremacy  of 
the  Dutch,  who  possess  Bencoolen  and  Padang,  on  the  W. 
coast. Adj.  and  inhab.  Sumatuan,  soo-mi'tran. 

Sumba,  a  name  of  Sandalwood  Island. 

SambawS)  soom-baw'wa,  or  Soembaway  soom-b&'- 
♦4,  one  of  the  Sunda  Islands',  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
lat.  8°  and  9°  S.  and  Ion.  116°  50'  and  119°  10'  E.,  separated 
W.  from  Lombok  by  the  Strait  of  Allass,  and  E.  from  Comodo 
by  Sapy  Strait.  Length,  160  miles;  breadth,  20  to  60 
miles.  Area,  5362  square  miles.  It  is  nearly  divided  into 
two  portions  by  a  deep  bay  ofif  its  N.  coast,  having  at  the 
E.  side  of  entrance  the  volcano  of  Tomboro,  9000  feet  high, 
the  eruptions  of  which  have  been  most  violent  and  de- 
structive. Soil  of  great  fertility.  Products  comprise  rice, 
which  is  exported  in  large  quantities,  tobacco,  sapan,  teak, 
and  other  timber,  wax,  edible  birds'-nests,  nitre,  gold-dust, 
pearls,  sulphur,  and  excellent  ponies.  Imports,  opium,  In- 
dian piece-goods,  and  European  manufactures,  chiefly 
brought  to  it  by  the  Dutch,  who  have  a  small  establishment 
at  Bima,  on  a  noble  bay  of  the  N.  coast. 

Sumbawa)  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  above  island, 
100  miles  W.  of  Bima,  in  lat.  8°  30'  S.,  Ion.  117°  30'  E. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  the  residence  of  a  chief,  sub- 
ject to  the  Sultan  of  Bima. 

Sam^bhul',  or  Sanbhall,  sQn^bai',  a  town  of  India, 
in  Rohilcund,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  46,974. 

Sumbhulpoor,  Sumbulpoor,  or  Sambalpur, 
Bfim-bul-poor',  a  district  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  di- 
vided by  the  Mahanuddy.  Lat.  21°-22°  N. ;  Ion.  83°-85°  E. 
It  aflFords  rice,  wheat,  sugar,  teak,  and  diamonds.  Area, 
4407  square  miles.     Capital,  Sumbhulpoor.    Pop.  623,034. 

Sumbhulpoor^  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  district, 
on  the  Mahanuddy,  143  miles  W.  of  Cuttaek.    Pop.  11,020. 

Snmbnrgh  (sum'bur-ruh)  Head,  a  promontory  of  the 
Orkney  Islands,  the  S.  point  of  Pomona. 

Siimegh,  shoo'mfig',  Samogy,  sSh'mSg'?,  or  Som- 
Ogy»  sSm^Sg'e,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of  Hungary,  bounded 
S.W.  by  the  river  Drave,  and  N.W.  by  Balatony  Lake. 
Area,  2512  square  miles.   Capital,  Kaposvar.    Pop.  287,555. 

Siiinegh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad,  17  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Keszthely.     Pop.  4491. 

Sumeisat,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Someisat. 

Samene,  sii^main',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  5  miles 
E.  of  Le  Vigan.     Pop.  1972. 

Snmerset,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.    See  Somerset. 

SamidoarO)  soo-me-dd'ro  ("  abyss"),  a  river  of  Brazil, 
Irises  in  the  state  of  Matto-Qrosso,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
ithe  Arinos  about  200  miles  above  the  confluence  of  the 
latter  with  the  Tapajos.  It  plunges  at  one  part  of  its  course 
into  a  deep  pool,  pursues  its  course  under  ground,  and  after- 
wards reappears. 

Sumiswald,  soo'mis-^&lt\  or  Sammiswald,  s55m'- 
mis-^ilt\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  5650. 

Snin'mer  Dale,  a  post-bamlet  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Chautauqua  Lake  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Dunkirk.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Sam'merdean,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Elizabeth  Furnace  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Sum'merfield,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  8^ 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Selma.  It  contains  the  Centenary  Female 
College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  a  church,  3  stores,  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  500. 

Summerfield,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  3  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-oflSce,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  770. 

Sumnierfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish,  La., 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Siimmerfield,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.     P.  134. 

Snminerfield,  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.     P.  1648. 

Snminerfield,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Snmmerfield)  a  post-village  in  Marion  township. 
Noble  CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  churches.     Pop.  470. 

Suinmerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Crockett  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Snm'merfordy  or  Somerford,  sQm'^r-fQrd,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  0.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
4i  miles  N.  of  London,  and  about  28  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches      Pop.  of  the  township,  935. 


Sam'mer  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Atlas  township.  Pike 
CO.,  III.,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Snmmer  Hill,  a  post-ofSce  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb. 

Summer  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Summer  Hill  town- 
ship, Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Auburn. 
The  township  has  5  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1002. 

Snmmer  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Croyle  township,  Cam- 
bria CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W. 
of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  steam 
saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Sum'merhill,  township,  Crawford  co..  Pa.     P.  1232. 

Summer  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Gagetown.     Pop.  100. 

Summer  Islands,  a  group  of  30  islands  at  the  en- 
trance of  Loch  Broom,  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  co. 
of  Ross  and  Cromarty.  Only  the  largest,  Tanera-More,  about 
2  miles  in  length  and  1  mile  in  brf^th,  is  inhabited. 

Summer  liSke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon, 
on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  about  42°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
120°  40'  W.     The  lake  is  15  miles  long  and  6  miles  wide. 

Sum'mers,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
is  intersected  by  the  Greenbrier  B^ver  and  the  New  or 
Kanawha  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous  or  hilly. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Area,  400  square  miles. 
Capital,  Hinton.     Pop.  in  1880,  9033 ;  in  1890,  13,117. 

Summers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  oo.,  Va.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Sum'merset,  a  township  of  Saline  co..  111.     Pop.  800. 

Summerset,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1080. 

Summerset,  or  Somerset,  sum'§r-set,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  Middle  River,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacifio 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Summer  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky. 

Sum'merside,  a  seaport  town  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
capital  of  Prince  co.,  on  Bedeque  Bay,  and  on  the  Prince 
Edward  Island  Railway,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Charlottetown, 
and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Shediac.  It  has  an  excellent  har- 
bor, with  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels,  7  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  hall,  market,  convent 
and  schools,  a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a 
cabinet-factory,  12  hotels,  and  28  stores.  Ship-building  is 
carried  on,  and  eggs,  potatoes,  oysters,  sheep,  horses,  and  oata 
are  extensively  exported.  Summerside  has  daily  commu- 
nication in  summer,  by  steamer,  with  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick.  In  Bedeque  Bay,  opposite  the  town,  is  a 
beautiful  island,  on  which  has  been  erected  a  fine  hotel 
capable  of  accommodating  600  guests.  A  steam  ferry  runs 
between  the  island  and  the  town.     Pop.  in  1891,  2883. 

Sum'merson,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Driftwood. 

Summers's,  township,  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1353. 

Sum'merstown,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lan- 
caster.    Pop.  100. 

Sum'mersville,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Ky. 

Summersville,  a  namlet  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Shuqualak.    It  has  2  churches. 

Summersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  about 
60  miles  S.  of  Rolla.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summersville,  W.  Va.    See  Nicholas  Coubt-Housb. 

Snm'merton,  a  hamlet  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in  Pin* 
River  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sum'mertown,  a  post-village  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga.,  5 
miles  from  Midville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  turpentine. 

SummertOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn., 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia. 

Snm'merville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  oo..  Ark.,  7 
milea  W.  of  Hampton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summerville,  a  mining-oamp  of  Tuolumne  oo.,  CaL, 
10  miles  E.  of  Sonora.     It  has  a  cnurch  and  a  gold-mine. 

Summerville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chattooga  co., 
Ga.,  is  in  a  fertile  valley,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rome,  and 
45  miles  S.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  750 

Summerville,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Ga.,  2i  miles  by  street-railway  W.  of  Augusta. 
It  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  United  States 
arsenal. 

Summerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  HI.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church. 

Summerville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pokagon  township, 


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Cass  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Dowagiac  River,  and  on  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Niles.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  184. 

Summerville  (Gholson  Post-Offioe),  a  village  of  Nox- 
ubee CO.,  Miss.,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Summerville,  a  village  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  22  miles 
E.  of  Jonesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summerville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  in  York 
township,  5  miles  N.  of  Broadway  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  is  Boke's  Creek  Post-Office. 

Summerville,  a  post- village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  Grande  Bonde  River,  about  16  miles  N.  of  La 
Grande.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Summerville,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.    See  Troy. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  and  health-resort  of 
Charleston  CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Charleston,  It  has  3  churches,  a  hotel,  and 
several  boarding-houses.  It  has  a  mild  winter  climate, 
and  is  a  winter  resort  for  invalids. 

Summerville,  a  village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Austin,  and  1  mile  from  Duval  Station. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  27  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Minas  Basin,  12  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  150. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  4i 
miles  N.W.  of  Mimico.     Pop.  100. 

Summiswald,  Switzerland.    See  Suhiswald. 

Sum'mit,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Col- 
orado, comprises  part  of  the  Middle  Park.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Blue  and  Williams  Rivers  and  other  affluents  of  the 
Grand  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  of  this  county  are  Gray's  Peak,  Torrey's  Peak,  and 
Mount  Holy  Cross.  Gold  and  silver,  granite,  limestone, 
and  other  minerals  are  found  in  it.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  county,  pass- 
ing through  Breckenridge,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880, 
6469;  in  1890,  1906. 

Summit,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  391  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cuyahoga  River,  which  runs  northward,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Tuscarawas  River,  which  rune  southward.  The 
former  river  runs  in  a  narrow  valley  or  gorge  more  than 
300  feet  deep.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
is  diversified  with  numerous  little  lakes,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com, 
oats,  hay,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  quarries  of  sandstone  (a  good  material  for  build- 
ing), and  an  abundance  of  bituminous  coal  and  fire-clay. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Canal  and  by  4  railroads, — the 
Atla'ntic  &  Great  Western,  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg,  the 
Cleveland,  Mt.  Vernon  &  Columbus,  and  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio.  Capital,  Akron.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,674;  in  1880, 
43,788;  in  1890,  54,089. 

Summit,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  has  an  area 
of  about  3062  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Bear  and 
Weber  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees,  and  presents 
grand  scenery,  especially  at  Echo  Cation.     This  county  is 

Eartly  occupied  by  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  which  are 
ere  about  12,000  feet  high,  and  the  chief  eminences  of 
which  are  Reed's  Peak  and  Snowy  Peak.  Wheat,  oats, 
barley,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  tertiary  coal  and  limestone.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Coal- 
ville.    Pop.  in  1880,  4921 ;  in  1890,  7733. 

Summit,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  <fc 
Montgomery  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Montgomery. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Summit,  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  a  station  on  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Raih-oad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lake  Tahoe  Railroad, 
105  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  is  on  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, about  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Summit,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  near  Beck- 
worth's  Pass,  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  70  miles  N.E.  of 
Nevada  City. 

Summiit,  a  station  in  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Colorado 
Central  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Denver. 

Summit,  a  post-oflBce  of  Rio  Grande  co..  Col. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Nau- 
Katuck  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport. 


Summit,  a  station  in  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Con- 
necticut Western  Railroad,  about  45  miles  W.  of  Hartford. 

Summit,  a  post- village  in  Lyons  township.  Cook  co., 
111.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  railroad  machinery  and  lime. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Eflingham  co.,  111.    Pop.  1432. 

Summit,  a  station  of  Knox  co..  111.    See  Douglas. 

Summit,  a  station  of  the  Jefferson ville,  Madison  & 
Indianapolis.  Railroad,  5^  miles  S.  of  Scottsburg,  Ind. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Waterloo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brick-yard. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  o*" 
Indianapolis. 

Summit,  Henry  co.,  Ind.    See  Mount  Summit. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  648. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  Iowa,  on  or  near 
the  Little  Sioux  River,  5  miles  W.  of  Spencer.  Pop.  of 
Summit  township,  278. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1616. 

Summit,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.    See  Summit  Ridge. 

Summit,  a  township  of  O'Brien  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  74. 
It  contains  Pringhar. 

Summit,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.    See  Mount  Zion. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  500. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  oo.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Leavenworth  Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.B.  of  Lawrence. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  264. 

Summit,  a  post-oflice  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Pa 
ducah  &  Elizabeth  town  Railroad,  65i  miles  S.S.W.  o' 
Louisville. 

Summit,  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.    See  Summit  City. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  907. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  271. 

Summit,  a  hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  De- 
troit, Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  at  Salem  Station, 
29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Detroit. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  406. 

Summit,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  Jackson  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  108  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  75  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Peabody  Free  School,  a 
money-order  post-office,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
wagons,  ploughs,  &o.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co..  Mo. 

Summit,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  about 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Virginia  City. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Summit,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Summit 
township.  Union  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  1 2 
miles  W.  of  Newark,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown.  It 
is  on  a  ridge  called  the  Second  Mountain,  contains  a  good 
hotel,  the  Summit  Institute  (for  both  sexes),  4  churches,  2 
or  3  large  summer  boarding-houses,  and  a  carriage-factor}', 
Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  1910 ;  in  1890,  3502. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ene 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Deposit. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Norwich. 

Summit,  a  station  of  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad, 
41  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout,  N.Y. 

Summit,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township,  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  high  ridge  2200  feet  above  tide,  about  45 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany,  and  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coopers- 
town.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  carriage-factories. 
Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1467. 

Summit,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.    See  Fly  Summit. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleign 
<fc  Gaston  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Weldon. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     Pop.  970. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co.,  0. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  th« 
Coast  Range,  32  miles  W.  of  Albany. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Portland. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1304. 

Summit,  or  Sum'mitville,  a  post-village  of  Cam- 
bria CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  summit  of  the  Alleghany  Mountain,  1 
mile  from  Cresson  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  several  boarding-houses.    P.  177. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  & 
Clearfield  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Tyrone. 


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Sammit)  a  station  in  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of 
Brookville. 

Sammit)  a  station  in  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  A 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  3i  miles  S.  of  Conneautville. 

Summit^  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1034. 
Summit,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1047. 
Summit,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre. 
Summit,  a  township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  145. 
Summit,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1493. 
Summit,  a  station  in  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tioga  <fc 
Elmira  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Franklin 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Franklin. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Provi- 
dence.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill.   P.  68. 
Summit,  a  station  of  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Au- 
gusta Railroad,  is  at  Summit  Point,  S.C. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Galves- 
ton, Houston  A  Henderson  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Houston. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  co.,  Utah,  about  56 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  George. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Rutland  co.,  Yt.,  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad  (Rutland  division),  18  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rutland. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
■Clover  Hill  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Clover  Hill. 

Summit,  a  station  in  New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond, York  River  A  Chesapeake  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of 
Richmond. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond,  Fredericksburg  A  Potomac  Railroad,  53  miles 
N.  of  Richmond. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co.,  Washington. 
Summit,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  970. 
Summit,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.     P.  1159. 
Summit,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Summit  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Delaware  Canal,  about  IS  miles 
S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Summit  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis., 
in  Summit  township,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
3  miles  S.  of  Oconomowoc  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Summit  City,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Summit  City,  a  village  of  MoKean  co.,  Pa.,  in  Otto 
township,  on  the  Kendall  &  Eldred  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  machine-shop,  and  is  supported  by  operations 
in  oil,  which  is  found  here. 

Summit  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  19i  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has 
a  church. 

Summit  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0. 
Summit  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
high  hill,  and  on  the  Switch  Back  or  Summit  Hill  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  7  churches,  and  several  hotels.  Many  of  its 
inhabitants  work  in  coal-mines.  Here  is  a  vein  or  bed  of 
coal,  which  is  50  feet  thick. 

Summit  Home,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark. 
Summit  Lake,  township.  Nobles  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  62. 
Summit  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in 
Summit  township,  near  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Balti- 
more Railroad,  3  miles  from  Meyersdale. 

Summit  Park,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  oo..  Col. 
Summit  Park,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  New 
York. 

Summit  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountiiins,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  an  altitude 
of  13,323  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Summit  Point,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  at  Summit 
Station,  26  miles  W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  an  academy,  s 
■shurch,  and  several  stores. 

Summit  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson  oo.,  W.  Va., 


on  the  Harper's  Ferry  A  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winchester. 

Summit  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Summit 
Station,  5i  miles  N.  of  Muscatine. 

Summit  Siding,  a  station  in  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Omaha. 

Summit  Siding,  a  station  of  the  Dillsburg  Branch  of 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  12^  miles  from  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 

Summit  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse,  Bingnamton  A  New  York  Railroad, 
20  miles  S.  of  Syracuse. 

Summit  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  oo.,  0., 
on  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Newark,  14  miles  E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Summit  Station,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    See  Haumon. 
Summit  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  A  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  about  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Summit  Switch,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  63 
miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Snm'mitTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Wabaen  <fc  Michigan  Railroad,  18  miles  N. 
of  Anderson.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  stave-factory. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  6  or  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Summitville,  a  hamlet  of  Lake  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  40  miles  E.  of  Luding- 
ton.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill.  Here  is  Russell's  Mills 
Post-Office. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mamakating  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  with  the  Ellenville  Branch  of 
the  same,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  24^  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Alliance.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summitville,  Cambria  co..  Pa.    See  Summit. 
Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coflfee  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  McMinnville  A  Manchester  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Manchester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sum'mum,  a  post-village  in  Woodland  township,  Ful- 
ton CO.,  111.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hav£^na.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Sum'ner,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  1188  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Arkansas 
River,  which  here  runs  southward  and  crosses  the  eastern 
border  of  the  county  several  times.  It  is  also  drained  by 
the  Good  River  and  by  Cowskin  and  Slate  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
This  county  contains  extensive  prairies,  which  produce 
natural  pasture.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  converge  at  Wellington,  the  cap- 
ital. Pop.  in  1870,  22;  in  1880,  20,812;  in  1890,  30,271. 
Sumner,  a  county  in  Mississippi.  See  Webster. 
Sumner,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  536  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  partly 
drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  Big  Barren  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  chestnut,  oak,  hickory,  maple,  walnut,  and  pop- 
lar or  tulip-tree.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  oats, 
tobacco,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Blue  limestone 
(Silurian)  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad  and  the  Chesapeake 
A  Nashville  Railway.  These  lines  converge  at  GhiUatin, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,711 ;  in  1880, 
23,625;  in  1890,  23,668. 

Sumner,  a  post-village  of  Kern  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  about  2  miles  from  Bakersfield,  and 
302  miles  from  San  Francisco.    It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Sumner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Florida 
Central  &  Peninsular  Railway,  5  miles  from  Cedar-Key. 

Sumner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  <fe  Albany  Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  Albaty.  It 
has  2  churches.    Yellow-pine  timber  abounds  here. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co..  111.  Pop.  1081. 
Sumner,  a  post-village  in  Christy  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of 
Olney,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  fine  school-house.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  111.     Pop.  998. 


SUM 


2560 


SUN 


Samnery  Warren  co.,  Ind.     See  Johnsonvillb. 
Snmner,  a  post- village  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sumner 
township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.     It  has  a  bank, 
a  church,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  704. 
Sumner,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     P.  562. 
Sumner^  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  785. 
Sumner,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  730. 
Sumner,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  949. 
Sumner,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.    P.  711. 

Sumner,  a  post-township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  about 
28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wichita.     Pop.  162. 

Sumner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Sumner 
township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1170. 

Sumner,  a  post-village  in  Sumner  township,  Gratiot 
00.,  Mich.,  on  Pine  River,  13  miles  W.  of  Ithaca.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber.  It  is  locally  known  as  Estella. 
Pop.  of  township,  942. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.     P.  1027. 

Sumner,  a  station  in  Houston  co^  Minn.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  and  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota 
Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Brownsville. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1120. 

Sumner,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  about  10 
miles  S.B.  of  Empire  City,  and  4  miles  from  Coos  Bay.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  2  stores,  and  several  coal-mines. 

Sumner,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 5i  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa. 

Sumner,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  about 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Tacoma. 

Sumner,  a  post-township  of  Barron  co,.  Wis.     P.  396. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis.     Pop.  503. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.    P.  878. 

Sumnerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Solomon  River,  about  27  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Salina. 

Sum'neytown,  or  Sum'anytown,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  1  mile  from 
Green  Lane  Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Sumoduttee,  soo^mo-dut'tee,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  8180. 

Sump'ter,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Sumpter,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  111.  Pop.  1751. 

Sumpter,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1161. 

Sumpter,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  773. 

Sump'tion  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind. 

Sum'ter,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  border- 
ing on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  or  about  970  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  in- 
tersected by  the  Noxubee  River  and  Sucamooohee  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad  and  the  Alabama  <fc  Chat- 
tanooga Railroad.  Capital,  Livingston.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,109;  in  1880,  28,728;  in  1890,  29,574. 

Sumter,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
peninsula.  Area,  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Withlacoochee  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  forests  and  several 
lakes.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  maize,  sugar-cane, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Lees- 
burg.     Pop. in  1870,  2952;  in  1880,  4686;  in  1890,  5363. 

Sumter,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  515  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Flint  River,  and  intersected  by  Maokalee  and  Ein- 
ehafoona  Creeks.  The  surface  is  level  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
oorn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Amer- 
icus.    Pop.  in  1870, 16,559 ;  in  1880, 18,239 ;  in  1890,  22,107. 

Sumter,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  Lynch's  Creek  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Wa- 
teree  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Black  River.  The 
Borface  is  undulating  or  level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  tar,  and  turpentine  are  the  staples. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A 
Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Sumter  Court-House.  Pop. 
in  1870,  25,268 ;  in  1880,  37,037 ;  in  1890,  43,605. 

Sumter  (Belle  Sumter  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  about 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham. 

Sumter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Qa.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Americus.  It  has  several 
stores,  and  other  business  concerns. 


Sumter,  a  township  of  McLeod  co,,  Minn.,  6  miles  W 
of  Glencoe. 

Sumter,  or  Sumter  Court-House,  a  post-village,, 
capital  of  Sumter  co,,  S.C,  in  Sumter  township,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  at  Sumter 
Station,  44  miles  E.  by  S,  of  Columbia.  It  contains  5 
churches,  an  academy,  a  female  institute,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  music-hall.  Pop.  in  1880^ 
2011 ;  in  1890,  3865. 

Sumter,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
1679.     See  also  Sumpter. 

Sum'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  about 
32  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Demopolis.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sumterville,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla.,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Leesburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills, 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  orange-groves. 

Sumterville,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Americus. 

Sumvix,  sJim'vix,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Dissentis  Mustar.     Pop.  1181. 

Sumy,  Russia.    See  Soomt. 

Sun,  a  post-office  of  St.  Tammany  parish.  La. 

Suna,  soo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Pal- 
lanza,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  1212. 

Sun'apee,  a  post- village  in  Sunapee  township,  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Sunapee  Lake,  40  miles  W.N.  W. 
of  Concord,  and  about  2  miles  N.  of  Sunapee  Station  of  the 
Concord  <fc  Claremont  Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  nc 
hotel,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  names,  threshing-machines, 
Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  808.  Sunapee  Station  is  3  milesr 
E.  of  Newport. 

Sunapee  Ijake,  New  Hampshire,  is  about  10  miles  W. 
of  Kearsarge  Mountain,  and  is  intersected  by  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Merrimack  and  Sullivan.  It  is  nearly 
9  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  3  miles  wide.  Its  outlet  is  a 
short  creek  which  enters  Sugar  River. 

Sunart,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Sunart. 

Snn'beam,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  Grove  township,  Mer- 
cer CO.,  111.,  6i  miles  S.  of  Aledo,  and  about  24  miles  N.W.. 
of  Galesburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sun'burg,  a  post-office  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn. 

Sun'bury,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  HI.    Pop.  891.. 

Sunbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gates  co.,  N.C,  about  34 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  has  an  academy,  a  grist- 
mill, and  2  churches. 

Sunbury,  a  post-village  in  Berkshire  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  0.,  on  Walnut  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount 
Vernon  <fc  Columbus  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Colum. 
bus.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  chair 
factory,  and  a  flax-mill.     Pop.  340. 

Sunbury,  or  West  Sunbury,  a  post-village  in  Clay 
township,  Butler  co..  Pa.,  about  27  miles  E.  of  New  Caatle. 
It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 
Pop.  216.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Coultersville. 

Sunbury,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Augusta  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  1  mile  below  the  junction  of  its 
branches,  54  miles  N.  of  Harrisbnrg,  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Williamsport,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Danville.  It  is  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Danville,  Hazleton  A  Wilkesbarre  Railroad.  It  con 
tains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  nationa. 
bank,  2  foundries,  2  planing-mills,  2  machine-shops,  a 
brewery,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers.  A  bridge  across  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  connects  Sunbury  with  Northumberland. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4077 ;  in  1890,  5930. 

Sun'bury,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, is  intersected  by  the  European  A  North  American 
and  Fredericton  Railways  and  by  the  river  St.  John.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  heavily 
wooded.  Area,  1200  square  miles.  Capital,  Oromocto. 
Pop.  6824. 

Sun  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barber  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Medicine  Lodge  Creek,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.  Pop. 
of  township,  129. 

Sun  Cliff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  12  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a  church,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

Sun'cook,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Suncook,  and  on  the  Concord  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  about  9  miles  below 
Concord.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  about  4000. 


SUN 


2561 


SUN 


Snncook  River,  rises  in  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  flows 
8.W.,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  6  miles  below  Concord. 

Snn  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  flows  S.E.  through  Coving- 
ton CO.  into  Bowie  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Leaf  River. 

Sunda  (sun'da)  Isles,  Malay  Archipelago,  comprise 
Sumatra,  Java,  Bali,  Lombok,  Flores,  and  the  other  islands 
of  the  same  chain  as  far  E.  as  Timor,  and  separate  the 
seas  of  Java  and  Flores,  with  the  rest  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, from  the  Indian  Ocean.     See  Strait  op  Sunda. 

Sundal,  855n'dil,  a  river  of  Norway,  issues  from  a  lake 
at  the  foot  of  Sneehaetten,  flows  B.,  then  N.,  then  W.,  and 
falls  into  the  Tingvold-Fiord.  The  town  of  Sundal,  at  its 
mouth,  is  40  miles  S.E.  of  Christiansund.  Total  course, 
about  70  miles. 

Snn'dance,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Crook  co^ 
Wyo.,  about  35  miles  W.  of  Deadwood,  S.D. 

Snn'day,  or  RaonI,  r&-ool',  an  island  of  the  South 
Pacific.  Lat.  (N.W.  point)  29°12'S.;  Ion.  178°  16' W. 
It  is  about  12  miles  in  circuit,  lofty  and  rugged. 

Sunday  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Perry  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Hocking  River  in  Athens  oo.,  about 
6  miles  above  Athens. 

Sunday  Lake,  a  small  lake  on  Salmon  Riyer,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia. 

Snn'day  River,  of  South  Africa,  in  Cape  Colony, 
rises  in  the  Sneeuwbergen,  flows  S.B.,  and  enters  Algoa 
Bay  18  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Elizabeth,  after  a  course  of  200 
miles.  It  receives  numerous  small  afQuents.  It  has  a 
rapid  current;  the  tide  rises  in  it  to  15  miles  from  the  sea, 
but  a  bar  at  its  mouth  impedes  navigation. 

Sandeela,  Snndila,or  Sandila,  siinMee'la,  a  town 
of  India,  35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lucknow.   Pop.  15,511. 

San^deep',  or  Sandwip,  sundVeep',  an  island  of 
British  India,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Megna,  N.W.  of  Chittagong.  Length,  about  16  miles; 
average  breadth,  6  miles.  About  the  beginning  of  the 
seventeenth  century  it  was  taken  possession  of  by  Portu- 
guese adventurers  who  had  been  expelled  from  Aracan  and 
who  converted  it  into  an  independent  piratical  principality. 
It  afterwards  fell  into  the  possession  of  Mughs,  who  were 
finally  subdued  in  1666  by  Shaista  Khan,  the  Mogul  gov- 
ernor of  Bengal.  The  population,  which  in  1872  amounted 
to  87,016,  was  much  diminished  by  the  cyclone  and  inun- 
dation of  1876. 

Snnderbnnds,  or  Snndarbans,  soon'dar-bUns,  a 
name  applied  to  the  southernmost  islands  of  the  delta  sys- 
tem of  the  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra,  comprising  a  vast 
tract  of  swamp  and  forest,  cut  by  innumerable  water- 
channels,  some  of  them  navigable.  Length,  from  B.  to  W., 
165  miles ;  breadth,  80  miles.  Area,  7532  square  miles. 
The  population  is  meagre.  Firewood,  timber,  and  rice  aro 
the  only  products.  Serpents,  crocodiles,  tigers,  and  other 
wild  beasts  abound. 

Sun'derland,  a  borough  and  seaport  town  of  England, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Wear  in  the  North  Sea,  co.  and  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Durham,  with  which  city  and  with  Shields, 
Gateshead,  Hartlepool,  and  other  places  in  the  county  it  is 
connected  by  a  network  of  railways.  Lat.  54°  54'  N.  Pop. 
in  1891,  131,015.  The  town  proper  of  Sunderland  occu- 
pies a  peninsula  between  the  expansion  of  the  Wear  and 
the  sea>;  it  has  a  fine  market-place,  but  consists  mostly  of 
narrow  lanes.  Bishop-Wearmouth,  on  its  W.  side,  is  a 
handsome  and  increasing  quarter;  it  communicates  with 
Monk-Wearmouth  by  a  cast-iron  bridge  of  one  arch,  236 
feet  in  span,  and  100  feet  above  the  Wear  at  low  water. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  parish  churches,  numerous 
chapels,  the  exchange,  athenaeum,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
barracks,  custom-house,  excise-office,  infirmary,  and  various 
almshouses.  It  has  a  mechanics'  institution,  horticultural 
and  polytechnic  societies,  and  several  masonic  lodges.  The 
borough  is  well  paved,  lighted,  and  supplied  with  water. 
The  harbor  is  defended  by  batteries,  and  connected  with  it 
are  large  docks.  This  is  one  of  the  principal  ports  of  Eng- 
land for  the  shipment  of  coal ;  it  has,  besides,  a  large  export 
of  lime,  glass,  earthenwares,  rope,  and  chemical  products, 
made  in  the  town  and  vicinity,  in  and  around  which  also  are 
flax-  and  saw-mills  and  grindstone-quarries.  Mercantile 
ihip-building  is  extensively  carried  on.  The  imports  are 
timber,  iron,  flax,  tallow,  butter,  cheese,  wine,  spirits,  flour, 
grain,  and  various  other  articles.  The  fishery  of  Sunder- 
land is  important.  The  borough  is  governed  by  a  mayor, 
14  aldermen,  and  42  oounoillors,  and  sends  two  members  to 
Parliament. 

Sun'derland,  a  post-villajre  in  Sunderland  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass..  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  about  26  miles  N.  of  SpringfieU,  and  10  miles  S.  of 
Greenfield.     It  has  a  graded  school.     A  bridge  crosses  the 


river  here.  The  township  comprises  Mount  Toby,  contain* 
2  ohurchcF,  and  has  a  pop.  of  860. 

Sunderland,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Sunderland 
township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Batten  Kill  River, 
and  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Rutland,  and  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bennington.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  553. 

Sun'derland,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Toronto  &  Northern  Railroad,  53  miles  N.N.E.  of  To- 
ronto.    Pop.  100. 

Sun'derlandville,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
about  44  miles  S,  of  Baltimore. 

Snn'derlinville,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,'  Pa.,  about 
55  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport. 

Sundi,  soon'dee,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Congo,  229 
miles  N.E.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Sundoor,  or  Sandnr,  siin-door',  a  small  native  state  of 
India,  enclosed  within  Bellary  district.  Area,  140  square 
miles.  Pop.  14,996.  It  is  surrounded  by  steep  hills,  and 
is  inaccessible  except  at  three  points. 

Sun'down,  township.  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  130. 

Sun  Down,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Denning 
township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Shokan  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sundraboni,  siinMra-bo'nee,  a  small  stateof  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  lying  within  the  bounds  of  Macassar,  on  the 
island  of  Celebes,  with  a  town  on  a  small  island  in  the  river 
Sundraboni. 

Snndsvall,  soonds'v&ll,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  laen 
and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Hernosand,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Pop.  7830. 

Sun'field,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Eaton  co., 
Mich.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Lansing,     Pop.  1595. 

Sun'fish,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  628. 

Sunfish  Creek,  Monroe  co.,  0.,  runs  eastyard,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Clarington. 

Sun'floAver,  a  northwestern  county  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Sun- 
flower River,  which  runs  southward.  The  surface  is  level 
and  low,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  com  are  the  staple  products. 
In  1870  this  county  contained  a  population  of  5015,  but  it 
was  subsequently  divided,  and  the  county  of  Leflore  formed 
of  the  eastern  part.  Capital,  Indianola.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4661;  in  1890,  9384. 

Sunflower,  a  station  in  Washington  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Alabama  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Sunflower,  a  post-hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  near 
the  Greenbrier  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh. 

Sunflower  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co^ 
Miss. 

Sunflower  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Coahoma  co., 
runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Sunflower  and  Wash- 
ington, and  enters  the  Yazoo  River  about  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Vicksburg.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Sungari,  a  river  of  Manchooria.     See  Soongarbk. 

Sungie- Ujong,  soon'ghee-oo-jong',  or  Sungie- 
Udong,  a  state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  between  lat.  3° 
and  4°  N.  and  Ion.  102°  and  103°  E.  It  contains  some  oi 
the  principal  tin-mines  of  the  peninsula,  and  its  chief  ex- 
port is  tin.  It  was  subjugated  by  the  British  in  1875-76 
and  made  subsidiary  to  the  Straits  Settlements.  008*00  and 
cotton  of  excellent  quality  are  produced.  The  climate  i- 
very  fine,  and  the  country  beautiful  and  fertile.  P.  12,000. 

Sung'Lo,  sting-lo',  or  Sung-Lo-Shan,  sung-lo- 
shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang.  Lat. 
29°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  15'  E.  It  rises  about  3000  feet  above 
the  plains,  and  is  famous  as  the  spot  where  the  green-tea 
shrub  was  first  discovered. 

Snngnam,  sQng'nim',  a  town  of  West  Thibet,  on  the 
Ruskalan,  a  tributary  of  the  Sutlej,  9000  feet  above  the 
sea-level,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Simla. 

Sungora,  sQn-go'rA,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on  an  inlet 
of  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Ligor.  Lat.  7°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  101°  10'  E. 

Sun^grampoor',  or  Sangrampnr,  sUn^gr&m-poor', 
a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Chumparun,  on  the  river  Gunduck. 
Pop.  6181. 

Sun^gumnaer',  Sangamnair,  or  Sangamner, 
sfin^giim-nd,r',  also  called  Sun^gumeer',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Ahmednuggur.     Pop.  9978. 

Sun  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Central  Railroad. 

Sun  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va.,  50 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Quinnimont.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunium  Promontorinm,  Greece.  See  Cape  Colonna. 

Snnk^ernac'ovil,  or  Shnnk^ernac'cvil,  also  writ~ 


SUN 


2562 


SUP 


ten  Sankarnainarkovil,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
80  miles  N.W.  of  Tinnevelly.     Pop.  11,632. 

Sunkheira  Mehwass,  sfin-ki'r&^nifih-w&ss',  a  native 
Btate  of  India,  in  Rewaltanta.  Area,  431  square  miles.  Pop. 
46,961. 

Sunk  Island,  formerly  an  islet  in  the  estuary  of  the 
Humber,  in  England,  on  its  E.  side,  S.W.  of  Patrington, 
but  now  forming  part  of  the  mainland.  It  belongs  to  the 
crown,  and  has  an  area  of  6914  acres. 

Sunk  liand,  a  post-office  of  Craighead  co..  Ark. 

Sun'man,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Ripley 
00.,  Ind,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Kail- 
road,  20i  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg.  It  has  steam 
brick-works. 

Sun'nidale,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Northern  Railway,  2  miles  from  New  Lowell.     P.  100. 

Sun'ny  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Sun'nydale,  a  post-village  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  from  Winston's  Station  of  the  Alabama  Great  South- 
em  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Sun'ny  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Sunny  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Sunny  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  14  miles  S. 
of  Thomasville,  Ga.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  9 
residences. 

Sunny  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  111. 

Sunny  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Tangipahoa  parish.  La. 

Sunny  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Morgantown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunny  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 

Sunny  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Davidson  oo.,  Tenn.,  3 
miles  from  Edgefield  Junction,  which  is  10  miles  N.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Chicot  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  about  50  miles  below  Arkansas  City. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.  D. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-village  of  Spalding  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Griffin.  It  has  an 
academy. 

Sunnyside,  Marion  co.,  Ind.     SeeSABiNB. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  13  miles  N.  of  Vinton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Kansas. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clinton  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  5  miles  N.  of  Flemington,  and  1  mile  from 
Stanton  Station.     It  has  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  oo.,  N.C.,  3 
miles  from  Littleton.  Near  it  is  Panacea  Spring,  a  summer 
resort,  with  a  mineral  spring. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tenn. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Waller  oo.,  Tex.,  7  miles 
from  Pattison. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va. 

Sunny  Slope,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Sunny  Slope,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 

Su^nolglen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Sun  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Sun  Prairie 
township,  Dane  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad  (Madison  Line),  12  miles  N.E.  of  Madison, 
and  25  miles  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  589 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  972. 

Sun'rise,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  235. 

Sunrise,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Sunrise,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Sunrise  City,  a  post-village  in  Sunrise  township,  Chi- 
sago CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sunrise  River,  about  1  mile  from 
Its  entrance  into  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  36  miles  N.  of 
Stillwater.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sun  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana,  on  the  Sun  or  Medicine  River,  about  80  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Helena.    See  also  Medicine  Riteb. 

Suns'bnry,  a  hamlet  in  German  township,  Montgomery 
CO.,  0.,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dayton. 

Sun'set,  apost-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Washington.    It  has  a  church. 

Sun'shine,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Boulder 
CO.,  Col.,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boulder  Station.  It  has 
several  gold-mines.     Pop.  about  900. 

Sunth,  a  state  of  India.    See  Sauntb. 

Sun'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plum  township,  Venango 
«o..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Franklin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunyperk}  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Sonnenberg. 


Supaiwasi  (?),  soo-pi-wi'see,  or  Huayna  Potosi 

(hwi'ni  po-to-see')  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Bolivian  Andes. 
Lat.  16°  17'  S.;  Ion.  68°  10'  W.     Height,  20,260  feet. 

Superior,  a  city  and  railway  junction  of  Nuckolls  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Nelson. 
Pop.  2000. 

Superior,  a  flourishing  city  of  Wisconsin,  the  capital 
of  Douglas  CO.,  is  situated  at  the  head  (west  end)  of  Lake 
Superior,  at  the  mouths  of  the  St.  Louis  and  Nemadji 
Rivers,  adjacent  to  the  city  of  Duluth,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  St.  Louis  Bay  (the  embouchure  of  St.  Louis 
River),  about  110  miles  (179  by  rail)  N.  by  E.  of  Minne- 
apolis and  about  400  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  Superior 
was  chartered  as  a  village  in  1887,  and  as  a  city  in  1889. 
It  has  35  church  organizations,  the  most  of  which  own 
their  places  of  worship,  2  commodious  hospitals,  8  fine  pub- 
lic school  buildings  erected  at  a  cost  of  $266,830  and  now 
valued  with  grounds  at  $341,848,  a  city  hall,  a  public 
library,  a  fire  department  with  electric  alarm  appliances, 
40  miles  of  paved  streets,  an  excellent  sewer  system,  Ac. 
Its  industrial  appliances  embrace  several  extensive  grain- 
elevators  and  flouring-mills,  dry-docks,  and  manufactories 
of  steel  ships,  iron  and  steel  rails  and  plate,  chairs,  wagons, 
stoves,  windmills,  brewery  products,  shirts,  bricks,  sash  and 
doors,  mineral  paint,  mattresses,  adamant,  lime,  barrels, 
lumber,  shingles,  Ac.  It  has  12  banks,  and  newspapers  in 
the  English,  German,  Swedish,  and  other  languages.  Four 
railways  connected  by  belt  lines  and  terminal  systems  con- 
verge here.  Pop.  of  village  in  1887,  3363;  of  the  city  in 
1890,  11,983;  in  1891,  21,215;  present  pop.  about  35,000. 

Superior,  Lake,  the  largest  body  of  fresh  water  on 
the  globe,  and  the  most  elevated  of  the  five  great  lakes 
which  are  formed  in  the  depressions  of  the  basin  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  River.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Can- 
ada, on  the  S.  by  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  and  on  the  N.W. 
by  Minnesota.  It  is  about  400  miles  long,  measured  on  a 
right  line  drawn  from  Duluth  to  the  outlet  or  E.  extremity. 
The  greatest  width  is  about  160  miles,  and  the  area  is  com- 
puted to  be  32,000  square  miles.  The  mean  depth  is  said 
to  be  900  feet,  and  the  greatest  depth  about  200  fathoms. 
Its  surface  is  about  635  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the 
sea.  It  has  an  irregular  form,  is  widest  at  the  middle, 
and  is  narrowed  towards  each  end,  especially  the  W.  The 
surplus  water  is  discharged  into  Lake  Huron  through  a 
strait  called  St.  Mary's  River,  which  issues  from  the  E.  or 
S.E.  extremity  of  the  lake.  The  water  of  Lake  Superior 
is  remarkable  for  its  purity  and  transparency,  and  is  well 
supplied  with  fish,  among  which  are  trout  and  white-fish. 
This  lake  receives  no  large  rivers.  Its  principal  tributary 
is  the  St.  Louis,  which  enters  at  the  W.  end  of  the  lak« 
and  is  the  remotest  source  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  "  The 
great  lakes  which  form  its  upper  course,"  says  Professor 
Guyot,  "  being  simple  depressions  on  the  top  of  the  swell, 
the  watershed  which  surrounds  them  is  hardly  more  than  a 
few  miles  from  their  shores,  leaving  but  a  limited  zone  of 
drainage."  The  largest  island  enclosed  by  this  lake  is  Isle 
Royale,  which  is  about  45  miles  long,  and  belongs  to  the 
United  States.  The  rocks  found  along  the  shores  are  mostly 
azoic,  Huronian,  or  primordial.  "  Along  Lakes  Superior 
and  Huron,"  says  Dana,  "  the  fragmental  Huronian  beds, 
in  the  closing  part  of  the  azoic  age,  accumulated  to  a 
thickness  of  10,000  feet.  On  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron 
in  the  copper  region  there  is  a  great  thickness  of  the  pri- 
mordial strata  in  connection  with  eruptions  of  trap.  The  j 
rocks  rise  in  some  places  to  a  height  of  3000  or  4000  feet,  ] 
and  consist  of  these  igneous  rocks  mingled  with  the  sand- 
stone and  a  scoria  conglomerate."  On  the  S.  side  of  Lake 
Superior,  in  Michigan,  are  rich  copper-mines,  the  product 
of  which  is  about  15,000  tons  per  annum.  On  the  border 
of  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  occur  vertical  cliffs  which  rise 
from  the  water  to  a  height  of  200  feet  and  are  called  "  Pic- 
tured Rocks."  "  The  Potsdam  Epoch,"  says  Dana,  "  is 
represented  by  the  famous  *  Pictured  Rocks,'  which  form 
bluffs  of  50  to  200  feet  on  the  S.  shores,  and  are  variegated 
in  color  with  vertical  bands  and  blotches."  The  chief  ports 
on  this  lake  are  Duluth,  Houghton,  and  Marquette.  A  ship- 
canal  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie  enables  large  steamboats  to  pass 
from  Lake  Superior  to  Lake  Huron. 

Supihora,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Geiersberg. 

Supino,  soo-pee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3109.     See  also  Sepino. 

Su^plee',  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  A  Reading  Railroad,  at  Waynesburg  Junction, 
2  miles  from  Waynesburg,  and  27  miles  S.  of  Reading. 

Sup^ply',  apost-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 


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Snpoi,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Soopoi. 

Sar,  a  seaport  of  Arabia.     See  Soor. 
'■   Sura,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soora. 

Surabaya,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Soerabata. 

Surafend,  soo^r&-f4nd'  (ano.  Sarepta;  Scriptural,  Zor«- 
^  ath),  a  large  village  of  Palestine,  on  a  hill-slope,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Sidon.  Principal 
edifice,  a  mosque  erected  over  the  reputed  spot  where  Elijah 
raised  the  widow's  son  from  the  dead.  Sarepta  was  an- 
eiently  famous  for  its  wine.  Under  the  Crusaders  it  was 
erected  into  a  bishop's  see.  In  the  adjacent  hills  are  many 
excavated  tombs. 

Suraj,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soorazh. 

Surajigur,  8ooV&-je-gfir',  or  Surajgur'rah,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  district  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Monghir.     Pop.  7935. 

Surakarta,  or  Surakerta,  Java.    See  Soerakarta. 

Surat,  soo^rit'  (Fr.  Surate,  sliVit'),  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Surat  district,  on  the  Taptee,  150  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Bombay.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity  and  fame,  and 
in  1796  had  an  estimated  population  of  600,000.  Pop.  in 
1881,  113,417;  in  1891,  109,229.  Within  the  town  there 
is  an  establishment  under  the  French  flag. 

Surat,  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Guzerat,  bounded 
W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Cambay  and  the  Arabian  Sea.  Area, 
1578  square  miles.     Capital,  Surat.     Pop.  607,087. 

Snrdar,  surMar',  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee,  near  Menjeel,  on  the  Sefeed  Rood,  at  the  frontier 
of  Ohilan.     Near  it  are  alum-mines. 

Sure,  siiR  or  sii'r§h,  or  Saner,  s3w'§r,  a  river  of  Bel- 
gium and  Dutch  Luxemburg,  after  an  E.  course  of  90  miles, 
joins  the  Moselle  7  miles  S.W.  of  Treves. 

Sure,  a  river  of  Ireland.     See  Suir. 

Surendal,  soo'r^n-dil*,  a  village  of  Norway,  73  miles 
6.W.  of  Trondhjem. 

Suresnes,  siiVain',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  W. 
of  Paris,  at  the  foot  of  Mont-Valgrien.     Pop.  5907. 

Surgeon's  (sur'jonz)  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany 
«o..  Pa.,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Surg^res,  silR^zhaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente- 
Inf^rieure,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Rochefort.  It  has  large  dis- 
tilleries.    Pop.  3246. 

Snrgoinsrille,  sur-goinz'vil,  a  post-oflSce  of  Haw- 
kins CO.,  Tenn. 

Surgut,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Soorgoot. 

Snriapet,  soo^re-i-pet',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Dec- 
can,  in  Nizam's  dominions,  on  the  Mutty,  76  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Hyderabad. 

Surigao,  soo-re-gi'o,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
in  the  Philippines,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Mindanao.  Lat. 
9°  61'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  25'  E.  The  Surigao  Islands  are  on 
the  N.E.,  and  the  Surigao  Passage  is  on  the  N.W. 

Surinam,  soo-rin-im',  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  trav- 
erses the  centre  of  that  colony,  which  is  sometimes  called 
by  its  name,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  300  miles,  enters  the 
Atlantic  near  Paramaribo.  It  receives  several  affluents,  and 
its  banks  are  in  general  densely  wooded ;  below  Paramaribo 
they  are  laid  out  in  thriving  plantations.  Its  entrance  is 
defended  by  the  forts  of  New  Amsterdam  and  Zelandia. 

Surmoor,  a  state  of  India.     See  Sirmore. 

Sur^prise'  VaI'ley,  a  township  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  649. 

Sur'rency,  a  post-village  of  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Surrentum,  the  ancient  name  of  Sorrento. 

Sur'rey,  or  Sur'ry  (Saxon,  Suth'rice,  the  "  south  king- 
dom"), a  county  of  England,  having  N.  the  Thames,  sepa- 
rating it  from  Middlesex  and  Bucks,  S.  Sussex,  E.  Kent, 
and  W.  Hants  and  Berks.  Area,  755  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,436,899.  The  North  Downs  intersect  the  county  from  W. 
to  E.,  dividing  it  into  two  parts,  the  N.  having  a  fertile 
and  diversified  slope  to  the  Thames,  the  S.  hilly  and  broken. 
An  expanse  of  heath-land  covers  the  W.  of  the  county,  and 
in  the  S.W.  hill-chain  is  Leith  Hill,  which  rises  to  nearly 
1000  feet  above  the  sea.  A  large  portion  of  the  soil  is 
ander  tillage.  In  the  N.  a  great  deal  of  land  is  in  gardens 
for  the  supply  of  vegetables  to  the  London  markets.  The 
only  river  of  consequence  is  the  Wey,  forming  a  part  of  the 
Wey  &  Arundel  Canal  to  Guildford.  The  Basingstoke 
Canal  is  in  the  N.W.,  and  various  railways  traverse  the 
county.  Lent  assizes  are  held  at  Kingston,  and  summer 
assizes  at  Croydon  and  Guildford.  It  returns  eleven  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons,  of  whom  six  are  for  the 
county.  Besides  Guildford,  the  capital,  it  contains  the  par- 
liamentary boroughs  of  Southwark,  Lambeth,  and  Reigate, 
and  the  towns  of  Kingston-on-Thames,  Wandsworth,  Croy- 
dvT.,  Epsom,  Ewell.  Dorking,  Godalming,  and  Chertsey. 


Sur'rey,  a  township  of  Clare  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1159. 

Surrey,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Sur^round'ed  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Prairie 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Memphis  a  Little  Rook  Railroad,  52  miles 
E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Sur'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Ararat 
River.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  mostly  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous. In  the  S.E.  part  is  Pilot  Mountain,  remarkable 
for  its  cylindrical  form.  Forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chest- 
nut, ash,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  half  of  the  surface. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple 
products.  A  branch  of  the  Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley 
Railway  has  its  terminus  at  Mt.  Airy,  in  this  county. 
Capital,  Dobson.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,302;  in  1890,  19,281. 

Surry,  a  county  in  the  8.B.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  nearly  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  James  River,  here  2  or  3  miles  wide,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Blackwater  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  sandy  and  rather  poor.  Indian  com,  pease,  beans, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Two  railway  lines  trav- 
erse this  county,  terminating  at  the  James  River.  Capital, 
Surry  Court-House.     Pop.  in  1880,  7391 ;  in  1890,  8266. 

Surry,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Surry  town- 
ship, on  the  W.  bank  of  Union  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Ells- 
worth, and  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1242. 

Surry,  a  post-office  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in  Surrj' 
township,  on  the  Ashuelot  River,  about  8  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Keene.     Pop.  of  the  township,  318. 

Surry  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Surry 
CO.,  Va.,  about  34  miles  E.  by  S.  of  PetersJ3urg,  and  5  miles 
S.  of  the  James  River. 

Sur'ryville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Williamsburg. 

Sursee,  sooR'si^  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  Suren,  an  affluent  of  the 
Aar.     Pop.  1896. 

Surubia,  soo-roo'be-i,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parfi, 
joins  the  Amazon  opposite  Santarem. 

Suruga,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Soorooga. 

Suruhi,  soo-roo-hee',  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Mag§,  with  a  harbor 
in  the  river  Suruhi,  which  enters  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Sury-le-Comtal,  sUVee'-l^h-kiNoHil',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Loire,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  1933. 

Surzur,  sUrV^Ur',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  of  commune,  2147. 

Sus,  Morocco  and  Persia.     See  Soos. 

Susa,  soo'sS,  (anc.  Segusium),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 37  miles  by  railway  W.  of  Turin.  It  is  situated  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Dora  Ripaira,  at  the  junction  of  the 
two  routes  across  the  Alps  by  Monts  Cenis  and  GenSvre. 
Pop.  3254.  Numerous  antiquities  are  here  interspersed 
among  modern  edifices,  and  it  has  a  remarkable  arch  and 
a  Gothic  cathedral.  Above  the  town  are  extensive  ruins 
of  the  fortress  of  La  Brunetta,  and  a  steep  height,  11,000 
feet  above  the  sea,  crowned  by  a  chapel.  Near  it  are  iron- 
mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Su'sa,  or  Shoosh,  ananni^^t.  nit.y  ^f  Pnrsia.  of  which     ^ 
only  a  few  ruins  now  remain.     See  Shooster. 

Susa,  or  Susan,  a  town  of  Tunis.    See  Soosa. 

Susam,  an  island  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Samos. 

Susan'nah  Island,  British  India,  in  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  lat.  10°  30'  N.,  Ion.  98°  E.,  between  Dome  and 
St.  Matthew  Islands.    Length,  12  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Susan  (soo'zan)  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  Honey  Lake  in 
Lassen  co. 

Susanville,  soo'zan-vil,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Las- 
sen CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Susan  River,  at  the  upper  end  of  Honey 
Lake  Valley,  about  110  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  is  8 
miles  N.E.  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  at  an  altitude  of  4180 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
churches,  and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  in  1S90,  882. 

Sus^col',  or  Sos^col',  a  post- village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Napa  Branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.  of  Vallejo. 

Susiana,  soo-se-&'n&,  a  province  of  ancient  Persia, 
answering  to  the  modern  Khoozistan. 

Susighirli-Su,  Asia.    See  Soosighirlee-Soo. 

Suspen'sion,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Union  Spring* 


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Suspension  Bridge  is  the  name  of  a  post-ofiBce  and 
port  of  entry  now  within  the  city  of  Niagara  Falls,  Niagara 
00.,  N.Y.,  the  locality  to  which  the  name  is  applied  being 
that  part  of  the  city  adjacent  to  the  famous  suspension 
bridge  over  the  Niagara  River,  erected  here  in  1852-55, 
about  2  miles  below  the  cataract.  Besides  the  bridge  from 
which  the  locality  takes  its  name,  there  is  here  an  equally 
famous  cantilever  bridge  over  the  river,  also  a  monument 
to  engineering  skill.  These  bridges,  which  are  about  800 
feet  long  and  250  feet  above  the  water,  are  traversed  by 
several  railway  lines.  A  large  volume  of  business  between 
the  United  States  and  Canada  passes  through  the  custom- 
house of  this  port.  In  this  locality  are  10  churches, 
numerous  hotels,  and  a  newspaper  ofBce,  and  here  is  De 
Veaux  College  (Protestant  Episcopal).    Pop.  about  10,000. 

Sns^qnehan'na,  a  county  in  the  N.B.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  850 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  which 
twice  crosses  the  northern  border  of  the  county,  and  by 
Tunkhannock  and  Wyalusing  Creeks.  The  Lackawanna 
River  rises  in  the  eastern  part.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  beech,  chestnut,  oak,  pine,  ash,  sugar-maple,  &c. 
The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  wool  are 
the  staple  products.  Leather  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of 
export.  Devonian  sandstone  and  slate  crop  out  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  The 
main  line  of  the  Erie  Railroad  crosses  the  N.  paurt  of  the 
county.  The  Montrose  Railway  also  connects  the  capital 
of  the  county  (Montrose)  with  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  37,523;  in  1880,  40,354;  in  1890,  40,093. 

Snsqaehanna,  township,  Cambria  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  1106. 

Snsquehanna,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  river  of  the  same  name.  The 
S.W.  part  of  it  is  contiguous  to  Harrisburg.     Pop.  2264. 

Susquehanna,  township,  Juniata  co..  Pa.     Pop.  890. 

Susquehanna,  township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  346. 

Susquehanna,  a  village  and  station  of  Lycoming  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Williams- 
port.     Here  is  Nisbet  Post-Office. 

Susquehanna,  a  post-borough  in  Oakland  township, 
Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Binghamton,  and  38 
miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Jef- 
ferson Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has  a  hotel,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  5 
churches.  Here  are  large  railroad  shops,  in  which  loco- 
motives and  cars  are  made  and  repaired.     P.  (1890)  3872. 

Susquehanna  River  is  formed  by  its  North  and  West 
Branches,  which  unite  at  Northumberland,  Pa.  It  runs 
southward  to  Harrisburg,  and  before  it  reaches  that  city 
forms  the  boundary  between  Dauphin  and  Perry  cos.  Below 
Harrisburg  it  flows  nearly  southeastward,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Lancaster  and  York.  Pass- 
ing next  into  Maryland,  it  separates  Cecil  co.  from  Harford 
CO.,  and  enters  the  N.  end  of  Chesapeake  Bay  at  Havre  de 
Grace.  The  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Railroad  crosses  it 
at  its  mouth  by  a  bridge  about  1  mile  long.  This  river  is 
about  150  miles  long,  or,  if  we  include  its  North  Branch, 
500  miles.  It  traverses  a  hilly,  fertile,  and  picturesque 
country,  but  its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rocky  rapids. 
The  chief  towns  on  this  river  and  branches  are  Bingham- 
ton, Owego,  Wilkesbarre,  Williamsport,  Danville,  Harris- 
burg, and  Columbia.  Its  largest  affluent  is  the  Juniata. 
The  North  or  East  Branch  rises  in  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  and  is 
the  outlet  of  Otsego  and  Schuyler  Lakes.  The  part  of  this 
stream  which  is  included  in  New  York  is  usually  called 
the  Susquehanna.  It  runs  southwestward  to  Great  Bend, 
in  Pennsylvania,  from  which  it  returns  into  New  York 
and  intersects  the  cos.  of  Broome  and  Tioga.  Turning  next 
to  the  left,  it  enters  Bradford  co.  of  Pennsylvania,  and  runs 
southeastward  to  the  rich  coal-mines  of  the  Wyoming  Val- 
ley. Below  Pittston  it  runs  southwestward  through  Luzerne 
and  Columbia  cos,  to  Northumberland.  The  West  Branch 
rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and 
drains  Clearfield  co.  and  intersects  Clinton  and  Lycoming 
cos.  Its  general  direction  is  eastward.  It  is  nearly  250 
miles  long,  and  is  inferior  to  the  other  branch. 

Sus'sex  (anc.  Suth-Seaxe,  the  "South  Saxons"),  acounty 
of  England,  bordering  the  English  Channel  from  Selsea  to 
Rye,  having  W.  Hampshire,  and  N.  Surrey  and  Kent. 
Area,  1466  square  miles.  Pop.  490,505.  The  South  Downs, 
a  range  of  chalk  hills  covered  by  fine  turf,  continuous  with 
the  downs  of  Hants  near  Peter sfield.  traverse  the  county 


E.  to  Beachy  Head,  where  they  terminate  in  a  lofty  cliff 
N.  of  this  chain,  extending  to  the  hills  of  Surrey,  is  a  fer- 
tile and  richly-timbered  tract,  termed  the  Weald.  Between 
the  Downs  and  the  sea  is  a  good  deal  of  fertile  soil,  as  also 
in  the  marsh  lands  E.  of  Beachy  Head.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Arun,  Rother,  Ouse,  and  Adur,  all  small  and 
flowing  S.  to  the  Channel.  The  climate  is  mild,  and  the 
harvests  early.  Wheat,  oats,  barley,  and  turnips  are  the 
principal  crops.  In  the  E.  many  hops  are  raised.  The 
Southdown  sheep  and  the  Sussex  cattle  are  breeds  in  high 
repute.  Limestone,  charcoal,  salt,  gunpowder,  potash, 
bricks,  and  earthenwares  are  the  other  principal  products. 
The  Guildford,  Arundel  &  Chichester  Canal  intersects 
the  W.  and  S.  of  the  county,  which  is  also  traversed  by 
many  lines  of  railway.  Sussex  composes  the  diocese  of 
Chichester ;  besides  which  city,  its  capital,  it  contains  the 
boroughs  of  Brighton,  Lewes,  New  Shoreham,  Hastings, 
Horsham,  Arundel,  and  Rye,  with  the  towns  of  East  Grin- 
stead,  Winchelsea,  Petworth,  Cuckfield,  Battle,  Worthing, 
&c.  Most  of  the  towns  on  its  coast  are  resorted  to  as  water- 
ing-places in  summer.  With  its  boroughs  it  sends  fifteen 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  four  of  whom  are  re- 
turned for  the  county.  Sussex  composed,  with  a  great  part 
of  Surrey,  the  second  kingdom  erected  by  the  Saxons  in 
England. 

Sus'sex,  the  southernmost  county  of  Delaware,  border- 
ing on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Delaware  Bay  and  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Nanticoke  and  Indian  Rivers 
and  by  Mispillion  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  cattle,  pork,  lum- 
ber, and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Delaware,  Maryland  &  Virginia  Railroad 
and  the  Junction  A  Breakwater  Railroad,  both  of  which 
are  branches  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore 
Bailroad.  Capital,  Georgetown.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,696 ;  in 
1880,  36,018  ;  in  1890,  38,647. 

Sussex,  the  northernmost  county  of  New  Jersey,  bor- 
ders on  New  York.  Area,  about  525  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  S. 
by  the  Musconetcong.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Wallkill  and 
Faulinskill  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Pequest  Creek. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and  is  diversified  by  several 
high  ridges,  one  of  which,  called  the  Blue  Mountain,  ex- 
tends in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction  and  is  only  a  few  miles 
from  the  Delaware  River.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  oats,  rye,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore,  zinc, 
slate,  and  limestone.  It  has  a  large  deposit  of  franklinite, 
a  rare  and  valuable  mineral,  a  compound  of  zinc,  iron,  and 
manganese.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Sussex  Railroad  (a 
branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad) 
and  by  the  New  Jersey  Midland  (now  known  as  the  New 
York,  Susquehanna  &  Western)  Railroad.  Capital,  Newton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2.3,168;  in  1880,  23,539;  in  1890,  22,259. 

Sussex,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Notto- 
way River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Blackwater 
River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  a  little 
Indian  com,  oats,  and  grass.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Peters- 
burg Railroad  and  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  (now 
the  Norfolk  A  Western)  Railroad,  which  converge  at  Em- 
poria, in  Greensville  county.  Capital,  Sussex  Court-House. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7885;  in  1880,  10,062;  in  1890,  11,100. 

Sussex,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a 
church. 

Sussex  Conrt-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Sussex  CO.,  Va.,  near  the  Nottoway  River,  about  26  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Sussex  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Sussex  Vale.     Pop.  200. 

Sussex  Lake,  British  North  America,  N.  of  Lake 
Aylmer,  is  the  source  of  Back  or  Great  Fish  River. 

Sussex  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J. 

Sussex  Portage,  port'ij,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Annagance.     Pop.  150. 

Sussex  Station,  a  village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  44  miles  from  St.  John- 

Sussex  Vale,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 2  miles  from  Sussex  Station.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
cheese-factory,  salt-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Snssicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  ScHurrKMHOFEH, 

Sussuhi«  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Sacui. 


sus 


2565 


SUW 


t 


Snsui,  soo-soo'ee,  one  of  the  smaller  of  the  Feejee 
Wands,  about  lat.  IT"  21'  S.,  Ion.  178°  58'  W. 

Susz,  the  Polish  for  Rosenberg,  in  Prussia. 

Sutal'Iee,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  da.,  about  34 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta. 

Sntchana,  soo-oh&'n^,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Gnzerat 
Peninsula,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch. 

SutchoU)  a  city  of  China.    See  Soo-Chow-Foo. 

Sutera,  soo-ti'r4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  miles  N.  of  Cal- 
tanisetta.     Pop.  3897. 

Sn'tersville,  or  Su'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River  and  the  Pitts- 
burg, Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  Suter  Station, 
29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  in  1890,  812. 

Sutherland,  suxn'^r-land,  a  highland  county  of  Scot- 
land, near  its  N.  extremity,  extending  from  the  sea,  be- 
tween the  COS.  of  Ross  and  Caithness,  having  N.  and  W. 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  E.  Caithness  and  Moray  Firth,  and  S. 
the  Firth  of  Dornoch  and  the  cos.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty. 
Area,  1886  square  miles.  Pop.  23,370.  The  surface,  ex- 
cepting along  the  B.  shore,  is  rugged  and  mountainous,  and 
interspersed  with  morasses  and  large  deer-forests.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Oikel,  Fleet,  Brola,  and  Helmsdale. 
The  principal  lakes  are  Lochs  Shin,  Hope,  Assynt,  More, 
and  Naver.  The  chief  employments  are  sheep-  and  cattle- 
breeding,  especially  the  former.  Ptarmigan,  grouse,  black- 
cock, Alpine  hares,  Ao.,  are  abundant.  Lime  and  freestone 
are  obtained.  The  trade  of  the  county  consists  chiefly  in 
the  exchange  of  sheep,  wool,  cattle,  and  fish  for  woven 
fabrics  and  other  manufactured  goods  and  colonial  produce. 
The  herring-fishery  is  successfully  carried  on,  both  on  the 
E.  and  W.  coasts.  The  principal  town  is  Dornoch.  The 
county  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Sutherland,  suTH'^r-land,  a  station  in  Daviess  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  of  Owensborough. 

Sutherland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  10  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Sutherland  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  town- 
ship, Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  quarry 
of  statuary  marble,  and  a  fine  waterfall. 

Sutherland's,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Sutherland  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co., 
Texas,  on  the  Cibolo,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio. 
It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  mineral 
spring. 

Sutherland's  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Pictou  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Sntherlin,  silTH'^r-lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Milton  A  Sntherlin  Railroad,  10^  miles  E.  of 
Danville.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  plough-factory,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  saw-mill. 

Suthrice,  the  Saxon  name  of  Surrey,  England. 

Suth>Seaxe,  the  ancient  name  of  Sussex,  England. 

Sntkee'ra,  or  Satkhira,  sSt-kee'ra,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, 56  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Calcutta,  with  many  temples,  a 
dispensary,  and  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  sugar  by  its  navi- 
gable canal.     Pop.  8979. 

Sutlej,  or  Sutledge,  silt'lij,  written  also  Setledge, 
Sntl^j,  and  Sntlege  (Sutoodra,  "the  hundred-chan- 
nelled ;"  anc.  Hesudrtu  T),  the  easternmost  and  largest  of 
the  "five  rivers"  of  the  Punjab,  of  which  it  forms  all  the 
8.E.  boundary,  rises  in  Thibet,  about  lat.  31°  5'  N.,  Ion. 
81°  6'  E.,  near  the  sources  of  the  San-Poo  (Brahmapootra), 
Goggra,  Ganges,  and  Indus,  and  at  least  20,000  feet  above 
the  sea,  flows  at  first  N.W.,  and,  having  joined  the  river 
Spiti,  8494  feet  above  the  sea,  breaks  through  the  Hima- 
layas, taking  thenceforth  mostly  a  S.W.  course  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Chenanb,  33  miles  W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  Total 
length,  nearly  1000  miles.  Principal  afiSuent,  the  Beas, 
with  which  river  it  encloses  the  JuUinder  Doab,  and  after 
the  influx  of  which  it  is  often  termed  the  Ghara.  In  the 
npper  part  of  its  oourse  it  is  a  raging  torrent ;  at  Rampoor 
it  18  about  100  yards  across ;  at  Ropur,  S.  of  the  Hima- 
layas, 30  feet  deep,  and  more  than  5U0  yards  across  at  its 
greatest  fulness ;  at  Filer,  near  Loodianah,  700  yards  wide, 
depth  from  12  to  18  feet,  and  up  to  this  point  it  is  navi- 
gable at  all  seasons  from  the  Indus  for  vessels  of  from  10 
to  12  tons'  burden. 

Snt'phen's  Mill,  post-office,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Sutri,  soo'tree  (ano.  Su'trium),  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles 
B.S.B.  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  2368. 

Sntschawa,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Suczawa. 

Su'tro,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Nevada,  in  the  Car- 


son Valley,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sutro  tunnel,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  460.  The  tunnel  is  nearly  4  miles  long,  and  extends 
into  the  Comstock  lode,  rich  in  silver.  Its  cost  is  stated  at 
about  $5,000,000. 

Softer,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Feather  River,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by 
the  Sacramento  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  by  undulating  prairies.  In  the  N.W.  part  are 
three  hills,  called  Sutter  Buttes.  This  county  is  destitute 
of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  wine, 
wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Oranges,  olives, 
and  figs  ripen  hero  in  the  open  air.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Oregon  division  of  t>he  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, and  the  San  Francisco,  Willows  A  Redding  line  also 
runs  along  its  eastern  border.  Capital,  Tuba  City.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6030 ;  in  1880,  5159 ;  in  1890,  5469. 

Sutter,  a  township  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1966. 

Sutter,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1078. 

Sutter,  a  township  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1075. 

Sutter,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  about  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Warsaw. 

Sutter  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  is 
on  Sutter  Creek,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  2  iron-foundries,  and  productive  gold- 
mines, one  of  which,  it  is  said,  has  been  worked  to  a  depth 
of  2250  feet.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Sut'terville,  a  hamlet  of  Sacramento  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  3  miles  below  the  city  of  Sacramento. 

Sut'ton,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Prov- 
idence A  Worcester  Railroad,  at  Wilkinsonville,  about  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Sutton  village. 

Sutton,  a  post- village  in  Sutton  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Worcester,  and  3  miles  S.  of 
the  Providence  A  Worcester  Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school 
and  3  or  4  churches.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Black- 
stone  River,  and  has  cotton-manufactures  at  Wilkinsonville 
and  Manchaug.     Pop.  in  1880,  3106 ;  in  1890,  3180. 

Sutton,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missoari 
Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sutton,  a  cPty  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad  at  the  crossing  of  the  St.  Joseph 
A  Grand  Island  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lincoln, 
and  13  miles  B.  of  Harvard.  It  has  7  church  organiza- 
tions, 3  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  butter.     Pop.  in  1890,  1641. 

Sutton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sutton  township,  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a 
ohnroh  and  a  manufactory  of  clothes-pins.  The  township 
contains  other  hamlets,  named  North  Sutton  and  South 
Sutton.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1 1 55. 

Sutton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  5^  miles  S.  of  Hearne. 

Sutton,  a  post- village  in  Sutton  township,  Caledonia 
CO.,  Vt.,  18  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  and  3  miles  from 
West  Burke  Station  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  25  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  920. 

Sutton,  West  Virginia.     See  Braxton  Court-Housk. 

Sutton,  York  co.,  Ontario.    See  Georgina. 

Sut'ton-Cold'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  War- 
wick, 7  miles  N.B.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  of  parish,  5936. 
The  town  is  neat,  and  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  a 
public  hall,  a  workhouse,  a  jail,  a  handsome  church,  a  Roman 
Catholic  college,  almshouses,  a  wooded  park,  Ac,  and  some 
manufactures  of  hardware,  tools,  and  gun-barrels. 

Sutton  Flats,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  N.  branch  of  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  South- 
eastern Railway,  67  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains 
3  churches,  2  hotels,  7  or  8  stores,  and  grist-  and  saw-mills. 
Iron,  copper,  soapstone,  and  other  minerals  are  found  in 
the  vicinity.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  360. 

Sutton's,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  P.  466. 

Sutton's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bingham  township, 
Leelenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse 
Bay,  16  or  18  miles  N.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  saw-mills. 

Sutton's  Mills,  Mass.     See  North  Andover  Depot. 

Suvalki,  soo-v&l'kee,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Po- 
land, bordering  on  Prussia,  and  having  the  Niemen  on  the 
E.  and  N.  Area,  4846  square  miles.  Capital,  Suvalki. 
Pop.  624,489. 

Suvalki,  a  town  of  Poland,  capital  of  the  government 
of  the  same  name,  19  miles  N.  of  Augustovo.    Pop.  15,586. 

Suwanee,  or  Suwannee,  su-waw'nee,  a  county  in 
the  N.  part  of  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  650  squar* 


suw 


2566 


SWA 


miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Suwanee 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy.  Indian 
corn,  sugar-oane,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Western  Division  of  the  Florida 
Central  <k  Peninsular  Railroad  and  by  a  division  of  the 
Savannah,  Florida  <fc  Western  Railway.  Capital,  Live 
Oak.     Pop.  in  1870,  3556;  in  1880,  7161;  in  1890,  10,524. 

Suwanee )  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Suwanee  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  near  the  Suwanee 
River,  8  miles  N.  of  Live  Oak.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
sulphur  spring,  which  is  visited  by  many  invalids. 

Suwanee^  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air- Line  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-gin,  4  stores,  and 
an  academy. 

Suwanee  Shoals,  a  post-offioe  of  Columbia  oo.,  Fla., 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lake  City. 

Suwanee  River   (Indian  name,  Suwannee  Hatckee) 

rises  in  the  Okefinokee  Swamp,  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia, 

and  soon  prisses  into  Florida.     It  runs  nearly  southward, 

forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Suwanee  and  Alachua  cos.,  and 

'        enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  the  S.  end  of  Lafayette  co. 

Snwanoo'chee  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Clinch  co., 
runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River. 

Suwar'row  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
lat.  13°  20'  S.,  Ion.  163°  30'  W. 

Suweik,  sooVaik',  a  maritime  village  of  Arabia,  do- 
minions and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Muscat. 

Suzdal,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Soozdal. 

Suze,  La,  li  sUz,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Le  Mans,  on  the  Sarthe.   P.  1764. 

Suzzara,  soot-s&'dL,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3544. 

Svanike,  svi'ne-k^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Bornholm,  in  the  Baltic  Sea.   P.  1112. 

Svapa,  or  Swapa,  svi'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  flows 
S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Seim  in  the  government  of  Koorsk. 
Total  course,  80  miles. 

SvartsioDlandet,  svaEt's'y(J-l&nM§t,  or  Svartsu^- 

lande,  svaRt's'yo-lin^^h,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  Lake 

^    (      M83lar,  laen  and  10  miles  W.  of  Stockholm. 

^^        Sveaborg,  or   Sweaborg,  svi'4-boRg\  a  fortified 

^'C    town  of  Russian  Finland,  on  7  islands  in  the  Gulf  of  Fin- 

>"        land,  immediately  S.E.  of  Helsingfors.     Its  quarters  are 

connected  by  pontoons.     It  has  numerous  military  works 

and  batteries,  a  military  arsenal,  and  an  excellent  harbor. 

Svedese.     See  Sweden. 

Sveer,  Svir,  or  Swir,  sveer,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Olonets,  leaves  Lake  Onega  near  its  S.W.  ex- 
tremity, and,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles,  enters  Lake 
Ladoga  on  its  E.  side,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ladeinoe-Pole. 
The  Canal  of  Sveer  runs  parallel  to  Lake  Ladoga  on  the  S. 

Svendborg,  svfind'boRO,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Funen,  opposite  the  island  of  Taa- 
singe.  Pop.  2421.  It  has  docks,  distilleries,  a  good  har- 
bor, and  an  active  export  trade. 

Svenigorod,  svi-ne-go-rod',  written  also  Swenigo- 
rod,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  W.  of 
Moscow,  on  the  Moskva.     Pop.  1769. 

Svenigorodka,  svi-ne-go-rod'ki,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Kiev,  19  miles  S.  of  Bogooslav.  Pop.  11,375. 

Sventsiany,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Svieciant. 

Sverige,  Sverig,  andSvezia.    See  Sweden. 

Sviaga,  or  Swiaga,  sve-i'gi,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Simbeersk,  flows  N.  into  the  government  of 
Kazan,  and  joins  the  Volga  on  the  right,  near  Sviazhsk. 
Length,  200  miles. 

Sviatoi-Nos,  sve-&'toi-nos,  a  headland  of  Russia,  in 
Archangel,  at  the  W.  entrance  of  the  White  Sea. 

Sviazhsk,  Sviaschsk,  or  Sviajsk,  sve-izhsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ka- 
zan, on  the  Sviaga  (or  Sviaja),  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Volga.     It  has  7  churches  and  a  monastery.     Pop.  2623. 

Svieciany,  or  Swieciany,  sve-fit-se-i'nee,  written 
also  Sventsiany,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  46 
miles  N.E.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  5854. 

Svir,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Sveeb. 

Svislotch  (Svislotsh,  or  Swislotsch),  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Grodno,  a  little  N.W.  of 
the  town  of  Minsk,  flows  S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
100  miles,  joins  the  Beresina. 

Svizzera,  Svizzero.    See  Switzerland. 

Swabia,  or  Suabia,  sw&'be-a  (Ger.  Schwahen,  shwl'- 
b^n  ;  Fr.  Souabe,  soo-ib'  or  sw8,b),  one  of  the  old  circles  of 
South  Germany,  enclosed  by  Prance,  Switzerland,  and  the 
oirclos  of  Upper  Rhine,  Franconia,  and  Bavaria.   It  is  now 


subdivided  among  the  dominions  of  Wiirtemberg,  Baden, 
Bavaria,  and  Prussia  (Hohenzollern).  The  Bavarian  circle 
of  Swabia  is  watered  by  the  Mindel,  Lech,  and  Iller.   Area, 

3858  square  miles.   Pop.  601,910. Adj.  and  inhab.  SwA- 

BiAN,  swi'be-an. 

Swabian  Alps,  mountains  of  Wiirtemberg.   See  Alb. 

Swaburg,  swaw'burg,  a  post-oflSce  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb. 

Swad'lingcote,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Burton-on-Trent. 

SwaflT'ham,  a  town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  14  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lynn-Regis.  Pop.  of  parish,  3700.  The  town, 
on  a  height,  is  one  of  the  best  built  in  the  county,  and  has 
an  elegant  church,  a  market-cross,  a  town  hall,  an  assem- 
bly-room, theatre,  free  school,  and  county  jail. 

Swain,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little  Tennes- 
see River,  and  traversed  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Rail- 
road. The  surface  is  mountainous.  Area,  425  square  miles. 
Capital,  Bryson  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  3784;  in  1890,  6577. 

Swain,  a  station  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  May  Court-House. 

Swain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber,  barrels,  and  handles. 

Swaine's  Island,  on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Green's  Pond.  It  is  inhabited 
by  fishermen,  and  has  a  fine  harbor.     Pop.  265. 

Swains'borough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Emanuel 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  76  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  186. 

SAVain's  Hill«  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Swakop,  swi'kop*  (or  Somerset)  River,  in  South- 
west Africa,  enters  Walvisch  Bay,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in 
lat.  22°  46'  S. 

Swale,  swail,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  rises  near  the  border  of  AV'estmoreland,  flows  E.  and 
S.E.  past  Richmond,  and  joins  the  Ure  near  Boroughbridge. 
Total  course,  70  miles. 

Swale,  East  and  West,  in  England,  two  branches  or 
rather  two  mouths  of  the  Medway  River,  in  Kent,  bounding 
the  island  of  Sheppey.  East  Swale  enters  the  Thames  at 
Whitstable  Bay,  and  is  noted  for  its  oyster-beds. 

Swale,  swail,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

Swal'low  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  about  48  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Jackson. 

Swail y,  swftl'lee,  a  maritime  village  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Bombay,  district  and  forming  the  outport  of 
Surat  (from  which  it  is  20  miles  W.),  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Taptee. 

SAvamp  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 

Swamp  Run,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Swamp'scott,  a  post-village  and  fashionable  water- 
ing-place in  Swampscott  township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Massachusetts  Bay,  and  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Lynn.  Here  are  good 
beaches,  4  hotels,  and  many  cottages  and  boarding-houses. 
The  village  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public 
library,  and  a  town  hall.    Pop.  of  township,  in  1890,  3198. 

Swan,  swin,  a  river  of  the  Punjab,  rises  in  a  range  of 
the  Himalayas,  in  lat.  33°  55'  N.,  Ion.  73°  10'  E.,  flows 
S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  120  miles,  joins  the  Indus 
on  the  left,  10  miles  below  Mukkud. 

Swan,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  III.     Pop.  1007. 

Swan,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swan  township.  Noble  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1630. 

Swan,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  883. 

Swan,  Hocking  co.,  0.    See  New  Mount  Pleasant. 

Swan,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1062. 

Swau'age,  or  Swan'wick,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Dorset,  on  the  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Purbeck,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Corfe  Castle.  Pop.  of  parish,  2151.  It  has  a  bay 
for  vessels  of  300  tons,  a  herring-fishery,  and  stone-quarries. 
It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing. 

Swan  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  26 
miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Swan  City,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  Turkey 
Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Swan  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  St.  Joseph's  River 
near  the  W.  line  of  Branch  co. 

Swan  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Lake 
Erie. 

Swan  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  southward  through  Chris- 
tian CO.,  and  enters  White  River  at  Forsyth,  in  Taney  co. 

Swan  Creek,  Ohio,  intersects  Lucas  co.,  and  enter* 
the  Maumee  River  at  Toledo. 


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Swan  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Swan  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  III.,  on  the  Rookford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  S.  of  Monmouth.  It  has  a  church,  an  ele- 
irator,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  5  stores.  Large 
quantities  of  corn  and  pork  are  here  shipped.  Coal  is  found 
near  this  place.     Pop.  about  250 ;  of  township,  542. 

Swan  Creek)  a  post-oflSce  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  from  Allegan. 

Swan  Creek,  a  hamlet  and  station  in  Swan  Creek 
township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  2  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  542. 

Swan  Creek,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.    See  Fair  Haven. 

Swan  Creek,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1100. 

Swan  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  below  Gallipolis. 

Swan'der,  a  station  in  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mans- 
field, Coldwater  &  Tiffin  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiffin. 

Swan'der's  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co., 
0.,  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Sidney. 

Swan'go,  a  hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  on  the  Paris  <fc 
Danville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Paris. 

Swan  Island,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 

Swan  Islands,  a  group  in  Banks'  Strait,  3^  miles  N.E. 
of  Tasmania. 

Swan  Islands,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Santanilla. 

Swankville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Schwenksville. 

Swan  Lake,  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  is  about  12  miles  W. 
of  St.  Peter.     It  is  nearly  9  miles  long. 

Swan  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Columbia  co.,  about  1 
mile  N.E.  of  Portage  City.  It  is  about  4  miles  long,  and 
Is  an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  which  issues  from  its  W.  end. 
The  water  is  deep  and  pure. 

Swan  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  about  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pine  Bluff. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Swan  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  on  a 
fimall  lake,  surrounded  by  a  rolling  prairie,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Yankton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  260. 

Swan  Lake,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.    P.  47. 

Swan  Lake,  township,  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  36. 

Swan  Lake,  township.  Meeker  o«  .  Minn.     Pop.  772. 

Swan  Lake  City,  a  post-office  oiTlmmett  co.,  Iowa. 

Swann,  a  township  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1787. 

Swan'nano'a,  a  post-township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C., 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Asheville.     Pop.  1526. 

Swann's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood  town- 
ship, Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North 
Carolina.     It  haa  3  churches  and  3  turpentine-distilleries. 

Swan  Qnar'ter,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hyde  co., 
N.C.,  in  Swan  Quarter  township,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Pam- 
lico Sound,  about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newborn.  It  has  2 
churches.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1115. 

Swan  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Swan  Lake,  Itasca 
00.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  near 
lat.  47°  N.     The  lake  is  about  7  miles  in  extent. 

Swan  River,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Morrison 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
Swan  River,  about  30  miles  N.  of  St.  Cloud.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 330. 

Swan  River,  the  principal  river  of  West  Australia, 
rises,  under  the  name  of  Avon,  near  lat.  32°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
117°  E.,  flows  successively  N.  and  W.  through  the  cos.  of 
Grantham,  York,  and  Perth,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean 
at  a  bay  called  Melville  Water,  in  lat.  32°  S.  and  Ion.  115° 
42'  E.  The  affluents  are  numerous,  and  on  its  banks  are 
many  tracts  of  fertile  land,  and  the  settlements  of  Free- 
mantle,  Perth,  Guildford,  Toodyoy,  Northam,  York,  and 
Beverley.  It  is  liable  to  sudden  and  violent  floods,  which 
inundate  the  surrounding  country.  It  gave  name  to  the 
first  colonial  settlement  in  Western  Australia,  founded  in 
1829.     See  Western  Australia. 

SwansboTongh,  swinz'bar-rfih,  a  post-village  in 
Swansborough  township,  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  sea,  about  34  miles  W.  of  Beaufort.  It  has  a  church, 
2  turpentine-distilleries,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  141 ;  of  the 
township,  1475.     Fish  and  oysters  abound  here. 

Swansea,  swCn'see  (Welsh,  Aber-  Tawy,  ah'b^r  tSw'ee), 
a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Tawe,  at  its  mouth  in  Swansea  Bay,  Bristol  Chan- 
nel, 28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil.  Lat.  of  the  light- 
I house,  51°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  56'  W.  It  is  well  built,  and  has 
a  good  market-house,  court-house,  infirmary,  assembly- 
rooms,  a  theatre,  reading-  and  news-rooms,  royal  and  me- 
chanics' institutions,  various  chapels,  a  synagogue,  many 
I 


schools  and  public  endowments,  many  banks,  handsome 
residences  near  the  sea,  a  county  house  of  correction,  the 
remains  of  an  old  castle,  now  used  for  barracks,  a  prison, 
and  stores.  The  harbor,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  nearly 
enclosed  by  two  handsome  piers,  on  the  W.  side  of  which  is 
a  light-house.  Floating  docks  have  been  constructed  here, 
and  Swansea  communicates  with  London  by  the  South 
Wales  Railroad,  and  with  Neath  and  the  coal  and  iron  dis- 
tricts by  various  local  lines  of  which  it  is  the  terminus. 

The  vicinity  of  extensive  mines  of  coal  of  a  quality  pe- 
culiarly adapted  for  smelting-purposes,  and  the  easy  access 
to  the  town  ooth  by  sea  and  inland  navigation,  have  made 
it  the  principal  seat  of  the  copper-trade,  almost  all  the  cop- 
per ore  obtained  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  more 
from  foreign  mines,  being  smelted  at  the  furnaces,  of  which 
there  are  many  within  and  close  to  the  town.  Next  to  cop- 
per-smelting furnaces,  the  most  important  industrial  estab- 
lishments are  iron-works  (including  foundries),  zinc-works, 
tinplate-works,  breweries,  roperies,  potteries,  and  yards  for 
the  building  and  repairing  of  ships.  Owing  to  the  height 
to  which  the  tide  rises  in  the  Bristol  Channel,  vessels  of 
large  burden  easily  get  to  the  town,  but  at  ebb  the  harbor 
is  left  almost  dry.  A  very  large  proportion  both  of  its  ves- 
sels and  tonnage  is  employed  in  the  coasting-trade.  The 
chief  imports  are  copper  ore,  grain,  and  provisions  from 
Ireland,  timber  from  America  and  the  Baltic,  hemp,  tallow, 
and  flour;  the  chief  exports,  copper,  iron,  ooal,  culm,  lime, 
and  earthenware.  The  oorough  unites  with  Neath,  Castel- 
Llychwr,  Aberavon,  Kenfig,  Loughor,  Ac,  in  sending  tw» 
members  (until  1885,  only  one)  to  Parliament.  Pop.  in 
1871,  51,702;  in  1881,  65,597;  in  1891,  90,349. 

Swansea,  swSn'ze,  or  Swan'zey,  a  post-village  of 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  4  or  & 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Fall  River.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  Mount  Hope  Bay,  and  is  traversed  by  a  division 
of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  system.  It  contains  5  churches 
and  3  grist-mills.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  1456. 

Swansea,  a  post-office  of  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Swansey,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.     See  Swanzey. 

Swan's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Castine.  It  is  on  Swan's  Island, 
which  is  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  about  5  miles  long 
and  2^  miles  wide.  It  has  a  safe  and  capacious  harbor, 
which  is  seldom  obstructed  by  ice.  The  inhabitants  are 
supported  chiefly  by  the  fishing-business.  Pop.  of  the  island, 
765.    See  also  Perkins. 

Swan'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Swan'ton,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

SAVanton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Piedmont. 
Elevation,  2500  feet.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

S wanton,,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  Swan- 
Creek  and  Fulton  townships,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  staves,  and 
heading.     Much  grain,  lumber,  Ac,  is  shipped  here. 

Swanton,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  447. 

Swanton,  or  Swanton  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Swan- 
ton  township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Missisquoi  River 
and  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  St.  Alban?, 
and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  contains  1  or  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Here  is  Swanton  Post- 
Offlce.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  Here  are  quarries  of  white  and  variegated  marble. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  1200;  of  the  township  (1890),  3231. 

Swanton  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Vt., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington. 

Swanton  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swanton  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Western  division  with  the  Northern 
division,  6  miles  N.  of  St.  Albans. 

Swanville,  sw5n'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
Ind.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington. 

Swanville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swanville  township,  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  6  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  770. 

Swanville,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  about  38  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  2  churohes. 

Swanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Erie.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

SwanAVick,  a  town  of  England.    See  Swanage. 

Swanwick,  swSn'wik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  IlL, 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Buquoin.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


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Swanwick,  swSn'wik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo., 
«n  the  St.  Joseph  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Swanzey,  swSn'ze,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swanzey  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  near  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  4  miles  S. 
of  Eeene.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
pails,  and  wooden-ware.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Ashuelot  River,  and  contains  a  village  named  West  Swan- 
aey,  in  which  is  Swanzey  Station  of  the  Ashuelot  Railroad. 

Swaps,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Svapa. 

Swarth'more,  a  post-borough  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa. 
(incorporated  in  1893),  on  the  Central  (West  Chester  A 
Philadelphia)  Division  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Swarthmore  College  (of  the  Society  of  Friends), 
which  was  organized  in  1869,  is  open  to  both  sexes,  and  has 
some  25  instructors  and  200  students. 

Swarts'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Stillwater  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  2 
ehurches.     Here  is  a  fine  lake,  2i  miles  long. 

Swart'wood,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Chemung  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Van  Etten  township,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  El- 
Biira  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop.  It  is  15  miles  by  air- 
line from  Elmira. 

S  wart'wont,  a  hamlet  of  San  Jacinto  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  about  100  miles  N.  of  Galveston. 

SAV^artz  Creek)  a  post-hamlet  in  Clayton  and  Graines 
townships,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  at  Hamilton  Station,  about 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  3  stores. 

Swartz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of^Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Swatara,  swa-tah'ra,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2015. 

Swatara,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in  Reilly 
township,  on  the  Tremont  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Pottsville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  colliery. 

Swatara  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Lebanon  and  Dauphin  cos., 
and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  Middletown.  It  is 
about  65  miles  long. 

Swatara  Gap,  a  station  in  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  &  Tremont  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  13i 
miles  N.  of  Lebanon. 

Swatara  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa., 
in  Derry  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  1 2 
miles  E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Swatch  of  No-Ground,  a  depression  or  basin  in 
the  sea-bottom,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  oflF  the  mouths  of  the 
Ganges.  Lat.  21°-21<'  22'  N.  It  is  nearly  circular,  and 
has  never  been  sounded,  though  all  around  it  the  water  is 
comparatively  shoal. 

Swatow^,  8w4*t5w',  a  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of 
•Quang-Tong,  on  the  estuary  of  the  river  Hang-Kiang,  6 
miles  from  the  open  sea,  and  225  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canton. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  foreign  commerce,  and  has  man- 
ufactures of  sugar,  paper,  porcelain,  and  fans.  The  town  is 
mostly  built  of  concrete,  and  the  people  are  noted  for  their 
«nterprise.     Pop.  30,000. 

Swea,  swe'a,  a  post-office  of  Eossath  co.,  Iowa,  25 
miles  N.  of  Algona. 

Sweaborg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Svkaboro. 

Sweaburg,  swe'a-b&rg,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  S.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  a  grist-mill, 
3  saw-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Swea-rika.     See  Sweden. 

Sw^edeburg,  sweed'burg,  post-office,  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

SAvede  (sweed)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  9  miles  from  Waterville. 

Swede  Grove,  a  village  in  Acton  township.  Meeker 
CO.,  Minn.,  7  miles  W.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  on  the  St.  Paul  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Grove  City  Post-Office. 

Swede  Grove,  township,  Meeker  co.,  Minn.     P.  618. 

Swedeland,  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     See  White  City. 

Sw^edeland,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.     See  Swedesburg. 

Swe'den  (Sw.  Sverige,  svi're-gh^h,  or  Swea-rika,  8-$rk'k- 
ree'ki ;  Dan.  Sverig,  svi'rig ;  Ger.  Schweden,  shwi'd^n ; 
Dutch,  Zweden,  swi'd^n;  Fr.  Suide,  swaid  or  swSd:  Sp. 
Suecia,  swi'the-i ;  It.  Svezia,  avi'ze-h;  L.  Sue'dia),  a 
country  of  North  Europe,  forming  the  E.  and  larger  portion 
of  the  Scandinavian  peninsula,  and  one  of  the  kingdoms 
composing  the  monarchy  of  Sweden  and  Norway,  situate 
between  lat.  55°  20'  and  69°  N.  and  Ion.  11°  15'  and  24° 
E.,  bounded  E.  by  the  Baltic,  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  Rus- 


sia, S.  by  the  Baltic,  W.  by  Norway,  the  Cattegat,  and  the 
Sound.     Capital,  Stockholm.     Area  and  pop.  as  follows : 


L«Bn  or  Province. 


UalmohuB 

Chrlstian8tad.„ 

Carlscrona , 

Kronoberg... »., 

JdnkOping , 

Kalmar , 

Linkoping , 

Halmstad 

Marieetad 

El&borg 

Gothenburg  and  Bohus.. 
Gottland  Island 


Total,  Gothland.. 


Stockholm — City. 

Stockholm 

Upsal , 

Kykoping 

WestmaDland 

drebro , 

Carlstad 

Falun ^ 


Squai-e 
miles. 


1,781 
2,607 
1,164 
3,841 
4,292 
4,258 
4,226 
1,893 
3,307 
4,948 
1,891 
1,227 


35,335 


Total,  Sweden  proper.. 


Gefle 

HemiSsand 

Jemtland 

Westerbotten . 
Norrbotteu 


Total,  Norrland  and  Lapland... 


Total,  Sweden  entire 167,477       4,784,981 


13 

2,995 
2,053 
2,516 
2,623 
3,502 
7,346 
11,421 


32,469 


7,661 

9,493 

20,886 

21,942 

39,791 


99,673 


Pop.  Dec. 
31, 1890. 


368,817 
221,691 
142,602 
160,836 
193,704 
232,847 
266,610 
136,106 
247,074 
276,780 
297,824 
61,337 


2,695,236 


246,464 
152,715 
121,091 
154,991 
137,453 
182,557 
253,326 
197,449 


1,446,036 


206,924 
208,763 
100,456 

122,784 
104,783 


743,709 


Sweden  is  divided  into  24  Isens  or  provinces,  subdivided 
into  117  fb'gder,  excepting  the  capital,  which  forms  a  gov- 
ernment by  itself.  These  administrative  divisions  are 
grouped  in  three  regions,  Norrland,  Sweden  proper  or 
Svealand,  and  Gothland.  Swedish  towns  are  thinly  inhab- 
ited, being  left  almost  entirely  to  manufacturers  and  mer- 
chants, while  there  are  no  beggars ;  and  all  landed  proprie- 
tors, and  even  nobles,  engage  in  agricultural  operations. 
The  Scandinavian  Alps  traverse  the  country  in  the  W.,  and 
separate  it  from  Norway ;  many  of  their  summits  are  con- 
stantly snow-clad.  From  this  mountain-region  the  country 
slopes  E.  to  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  forming  in  its  descent  two 
elevated  table-lands;  the  first  or  westernmost  is  2000  feet 
and  the  easternmost  360  to  800  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
tract  of  country  bordering  the  Baltic  is  under  300  feet  in 
elevation.  The  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  flat,  and  the 
S.  portion  constitutes  the  plain  of  Scania.  A  line  is  sup- 
posed to  traverse  the  country  in  lat.  66°  3'  N.,  on  which 
the  land  is  turning  as  on  a  pivot;  towards  the  N.  elevation 
is  proceeding  at  rates  varying  up  to  about  4  feet  in  a  cen- 
tury, while  S.  of  it  there  is  a  slow  and  gradual  subsidence. 
The  country  is  watered  by  numerous  streams,  none  of  which 
are  large;  the  principal  are,  from  N.  to  S.,  the  Torne4, 
Lulei,  PiteA,  Umeft,  Angermann,  Ljusne,  and  Dal,  which 
flow  S.E.  to  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  the  Motala,  which  traverses 
Lake  Wetter  to  the  Baltic,  and  the  Gotha,  which  drains 
Lake  Wener  to  the  Cattegat.  Nearly  one-eighth  of  the 
superficies  is  covered  by  lakes,  some  of  which  are  very  ex- 
tensive. The  largest  are  Wener,  Wetter,  Maslar,  and  Hjel- 
mar,  all  in  the  S.  provinces ;  they  aff"ord  great  advantages 
for  navigation.  These  lakes  are  connected  by  canals,  the 
chief  of  which  are  those  of  Sodertelge,  Hjelmar  or  Arboga, 
Stromsholm,  and  Trolhatta,  which,  with  two  other  canals, 
unite  the  Atlantic  Ocean  with  the  Baltic  Sea  and  are  called 
conjointly  the  Gotha  Canal.  There  are  extensive  marshy 
tracts  along  the  shores.  The  coast,  which  has  a  develop- 
ment of  1400  miles,  is  deeply  indented,  forming  vast  bays 
and  fiords,  and  studded  with  a  multitude  of  low  sandy 
islands,  the  chief  of  which  are  Gottland  and  Oland  in  the 
Baltic.  The  latter  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
Kalmar  Sound,  and  has  good  pasture-ground.  The  cli- 
mate of  Sweden  is  mild  for  its  northern  position,  the  mean 
temperature  of  the  year  at  Stockholm  being  42.2°  Fahr. 
The  W.  coasts  are  more  mild  and  moist  than  the  E.  coast*. 
The  summers  are  very  hot,  and  the  winters  extremely  cold. 
Spring  is  almost  unknown.  In  the  N.  the  rivers  are  frozen 
and  snow  covers  the  ground  for  five  or  six  months  in  th« 


SWE 


2569 


SWE 


year ;  in  the  central  regions  winter  lasts  for  three  or  four 
months.  N.  of  lat.  61°  mercury  often  freezes.  In  Swedish 
Lapland  the  summer  lasts  56  days,  from  June  23  till  Au- 
gust 18,  when  the  ground  is  again  covered  with  snow  and 
ice.  The  amount  of  rain  is  much  less  than  in  Norway. 
The  air  is  generally  pure,  and  there  are  no  contagious  dis- 
eases. The  prevailing  winds  are  S.W.  and  W.  The  soil  is 
not  generally  fertile;  but  the  produce  is  adequate  to  the 
consumption.  The  part  of  Sweden  comprised  between  the 
Sound  and  the  river  Dal  has  made  great  progress  in  agri- 
culture within  the  last  20  or  30  years.  Barley  is  cultivated 
as  far  N.  as  lat.  69°,  but  the  crops  frequently  fail.  Rye, 
hemp,  and  potatoes  are  grown  to  66°  N.  Oats  ripen  to  lat. 
63°  30' ;  wheat  and  hops  cease  to  be  cultivated  with  ad- 
vantage beyond  lat.  62°  N.  Fruit  trees  are  limited  to  the 
S.  of  lat.  62°,  but  N.  of  this  latitude  two  species  of  brier  are 
cultivated  for  their  delicious  berries,  which  are  very  much 
used  in  a  variety  of  forms.  The  reindeer-moss  furnishes 
food  for  these  animals  and  for  cattle.  One-fourth  of  the 
surface  is  covered  with  forests,  but  the  produce  of  timber  is 
small ;  much  of  it  is  used  for  fuel  and  made  into  charcoal 
for  use  in  the  mines.  The  principal  trees  are  the  pine,  fir, 
and  birch,  which  extend  to  the  extreme  N.  of  the  country, 
the  lime,  elm,  ash,  willow,  and  alder,  between  lat.  61°  and 
63°  N.,  the  oak,  to  lat.  61°,  and  beech,  to  lat.  57°.  Tar  and 
pitch  are  extracted  from  the  roots  of  the  pine.  Rearing  of 
live-stock  is  an  important  branch  of  industry,  but  the  pas- 
tures are  poor,  horses  and  cattle  small,  and  the  sheep  yield 
an  inferior  wool.  Great  encouragements,  however,  are  given 
to  improvements  in  the  breed ;  and  the  introduction  of  the 
merino  and  Saxony  sheep  promises  complete  success.  Of 
the  total  land  area  of  Sweden,  about  ten  per  cent,  is  under 
cultivation,  four  per  cent,  under  natural  meadows,  and 
forty-five  per  cent,  under  forests  the  products  of  which 
form  a  staple  export.  The  pasture-lands  abound  in  horses, 
cattle,  sheep,  &o. ;  but  N.  of  lat.  64°  the  reindeer  is  the  only 
domestic  animal.  Among  wild  animals  are  the  bear,  which, 
however,  is  scarce,  the  wolf,  lynx,  fox,  marten,  lemming, 
hare,  and  squirrel.  Fish  are  abundant  on  the  coasts  and  in 
the  lakes  and  rivers.  The  mining  districts  of  Sweden,  mostly 
in  the  central  provinces,  extend  over  16,000  square  miles ; 
the  mines  are  open  like  stone-quarries ;  the  chief  product 
is  iron,  which  is  distributed  over  nearly  all  the  country,  but 
the  best  is  found  in  the  province  of  Upsal  j  the  annual  prod- 
uce of  all  the  mines  is  about  70,000  tons  of  bar  iron.  The 
richest  copper-mines  are  at  Falun ;  the  annual  produce  in 
all  is  about  1000  tons.  Gold  is  procured  only  to  a  small  ex- 
tent. The  other  mineral  products  are  silver,  alum,  man- 
ganese, zinc,  sulphate  of  iron,  cobalt,  and  coal  of  inferior 
quality.  Industry,  notwithstanding  recent  progress,  is  still 
little  developed.  The  exports,  per  annum,  of  timber,  grains, 
iron,  steel,  and  tar  amount  to  the  value  of  $60,000,000; 
the  imports,  of  cotton,  iron,  coals,  wool,  hides,  machinery, 
hardwares,  coffee,  apparel,  oils,  indigo,  copper,  logwood, 
soda,  sugar,  Ac,  to  $72,000,000.  The  manufactures  are 
woollens,  sugar,  tobacco,  paper,  linens,  cotton  (in  small 
quantity),  gloves,  and  mathematical  and  other  instruments; 
and  tanning  is  an  important  branch  of  industry.  Ship- 
building is  carried  on  to  some  extent.  Distilling  and  brew- 
ing are  extensively  prosecuted.  The  internal  commerce  of 
Sweden  is  considerable,  and  Swedish  vessels  visit  most  of 
the  Atlantic  ports  of  South  America,  and  the  Mediterranean, 
England,  and  Russia.  In  January,  1892,  there  were  5174 
miles  of  railway  in  operation,  chiefly  connecting  Stockholm 
with  the  ports  on  the  S.W.  coast.  Government  is  a  limited 
constitutional  monarchy ;  its  administration  is  entirely  dis- 
tinct from  that  of  Norway,  and  the  king  shares  the  legis- 
lative power  with  the  assembly  of  the  states,  which  is  com- 
posed of  two  chambers.  The  established  religion  is  Lutheran ; 
there  are  a  few  Roman  Catholics,  Jews,  Baptists,  Methodists, 
Ac. ;  but  all  sects  are  tolerated.  An  archbishop,  chosen  by 
the  king,  resides  at  Upsal,  and  the  people  nominate  their 
own  pastors.  Education  is  widely  diffused,  and  well  con- 
•ducted  in  gymnasia  and  high  and  burgher  schools.  It  has 
been  stated  that  there  is  not  one  person  in  1000  who  cannot 
read  and  write.  The  simple  and  almost  patriarchal  hospi- 
tality of  the  Swedes  is  very  marked,  especially  in  the  more 
isolated  provinces.  There  are  universities  at  Upsal  and 
Lund.  According  to  the  ofloial  budget,  the  total  revenue 
for  the  year  1893  was  $24,255,750,  and  the  expenditures 
were  carefully  kept  within  this  amount.  On  January  1, 
1893,  the  aggregate  public  debt,  incurred  in  railway  con- 
struction, and  bearing  interest  at  from  3^  to  5  per  cent., 
was  about  $68,476,440.  The  army,  according  to  the  re- 
organization of  1892,  consisted  of  1963  ofiSoers,  1781  non- 
commissioned officers,  1635  musicians,  634  civilians,  and 
82,842  men.  The  naval  force,  maintained  wholly  for  coast 
162 


defence,  consisted  at  the  same  time  of  a  total  of  53  craft. 
Among  these  were  two  turret  armor-clads,  respectively  of 
3070  and  2900  tons  displacement,  and  one  provided  with 
a  ram,  having  a  displacement  of  3135  tons. 

In  1394  the  crown  of  Sweden  was  united  to  those  of 
Denmark  and  Norway  by  Margaret  of  Denmark,  who  had 
defeated  Albert,  King  of  Sweden,  and  who  formed  the 
famous  union  of  Kalmar.  The  Swedes  recovered  their 
independence  under  Gustavus  Vasa  in  1521.  The  House  of 
Vasa  ascended  the  throne  in  1623,  and  gave  to  Sweden  the 
celebrated  Gustavus  Adolphus.  It  was  succeeded  by  the 
House  of  Deux-Ponts,  which  furnished  the  famous  Charles 
XII. ;  to  this  succeeded  the  Houses  of  Hessen-Cassel  and 
Holstein-Gottorp.  In  1810  Marshal  Bernadotte  of  France 
was  chosen  crown-prince,  and  ascended  the  throne  as 
Charles   John  XIV.  in   1818.     Norway  was   annexed   to 

Sweden  in  1814. Adj.  Swe'dish  (Sw.  Svensk,  svSnsk; 

Fr.  SuEDOis,  swi^dwi';  Ger.  Schwedisch,  shwi'dish;  Sp. 
SuEco,  swi'ko;  It,  Svedese,  svi-di'si);  inhab.  Swede  (in 
Swedish,  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  the  inhab.  is  the 
same  as  the  adj.;  Ger.  Schwede,  shwA'd^h). 

Swe'den,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  about  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Fryeburg 
Station.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sweden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sweden  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal 
and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  Brock- 
port,  with  a  state  normal  school.     Pop.  of  township,  5734. 

Sweden,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Emporium.     Pop.  357. 

Sweden  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Brockport.     It  has  2  churches. 

SAVede  Point,  a  post-village  in  Douglas  township, 
Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Swedesborough,  sweedz'bur-rfih,  a  post-village  Is 
Woolwich  township,  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  head  of 
sloop  navigation  on  Raccoon  Creek,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Wood- 
bury, and  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  connected 
with  these  places  by  a  branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a 
foundry,  Ac. 

Swedesburg,  sweedz'btirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  N.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 

Swedesburg,  a  village  in  Upper  Merion  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  at  Swedeland  Station,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

SAvedes  (sweedz)  For'est,  a  township  of  Redwood 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  185. 

Swedetown,  sweed'tSwn,  a  station  of  the  Mineral 
Range  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hancock,  Mich. 

Swedona,  swe-do'na,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  111., 
in  Richland  Grove  township,  3  miles  from  Cable  Station, 
and  about  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carpets, 
wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  369. 

Swedona,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Sweed'lin  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sweerali,  or  Suira,  Morocco.    See  Mooadore. 

SAveet  Air,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about 
20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Baltimore. 

SAveet  Chalybeate,  ka-lib'e-at,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va,,  9  miles  S.  of  Alleghany 
Station.  Here  are  mineral  springs  and  accommodations 
for  400  guests. 

Sweet  Grass,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana. 

Sweet  Hall,  a  post-office  and  station  of  King  William 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  York  River  A  Chesapeake  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

SAveet  Home,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

SAveet  Home,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo..  Mo.    P.  1600. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Maryville,  and  about  46  miles  N.  of  St,  Joseph. 
It  has '2  churches. 

5§Aveet  Home,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

SAVeet  Home,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  22 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Halsey.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

SAVeet  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Flatonia.     It  has  2  stores, 

Sweet'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Nevada  City.  Here  are  rich  gold-mines  and 
2  hotels.     Pop.  about  200. 


SWE 


2570 


SWI 


Sweetland,  township,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1415. 

Sweetland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  co., 
Iowa,  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Muscatine. 

Sweet  Lips,  a  post-office  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Henderson  Station.     Here  is  a  church. 

Sweet  O'wen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  about 
60  miles  B.N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Sweet's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Manistee  oo.,  Mich. 

Sweets'burgh,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Southeastern  Railway,  57  miles  S.E.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  tannery,  and  sev- 
eral stores  and  hotels. 

Sweet's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Williamstown  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Williams- 
town.     Here  are  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sweetser's,  sweet'z^rz,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Marion  and  Logansport,  6 
miles  W.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sweet  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  near  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  White 
Sulphur  Springs.  It  is  11  miles  S.  of  Alleghany  Station 
of  the  Chesapeake  <fe  Ohio  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Sweet's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Muskegon.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Sweet  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ross  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Sweet'water,  a  large  county  of  Wyoming.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Big  Horn,  Green,  Wind,  Big  Sandy,  and 
Sweetwater  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  moun- 
tains and  plains,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
evergreen  trees.  It  is  partly  occupied  by  the  Wind  River 
Mountains.  Among  its  remarkable  features  are  Fremont's 
Peak,  and  the  South  Pass,  which  was  once  a  great  thor- 
oughfare between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific.  It  is  7857  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  several  miles  wide.  The 
road  which  crosses  the  Rocky  Mountains  through  this  pass 
attains  the  summit  by  a  gradual  and  easy  ascent.  This 
pass  is  in  lat.  42°  24'  N.,  Ion.  109°  26'  W.  Gold  and 
granite  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Thick  beds  of  good  tertiary  coal 
have  been  opened,  and  iron  ore  is  abundant.  Capital,  Green 
River.     Pop.  in  1870,  1916 ;  in  1880,  2561 ;  in  1890,  4941. 

Sweet  Water,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

SweetAvater,  a  post-office  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  about 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Sweetwater,  a  post-village  of  Menard  co..  111.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Springfield.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  230. 

Sweetwater,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb. 

Sweetwater,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  oo.,  Nov., 
about  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Virginia  City. 

Sweet  Water,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  42  miles 
S.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  is  near  the  Hiwassee  College  (Meth- 
odist Episcopal  South),  which  was  organized  in  1849.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Sweet  Water,  a  post-town  of  Texas,  capital  of  Nolan 
00.,  on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railway,  60  miles  W.  of  Calla- 
han. It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  flour  and  grist  mills,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  850. 

Sweetwater  River,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  southern 
end  of  the  Wind  River  Mountains.  It  crosses  the  Rocky 
Mountains  at  the  South  Pass,  at  an  elevation  of  about  7500 
feet,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte 
near  lat.  42°  30'  N.,  Ion.  107°  W.  It  is  about  175  miles 
long.  Gold  is  found  near  this  river,  and  near  South  Pass 
City,  which  is  7857  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  flows  along 
a  deep  canon.  Its  valley  is  described  by  Hayden  "  as  one 
of  erosion  on  a  most  remarkably  grand  scale." 

Sweet  Wine,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  at 
Wineburg,  a  hamlet  on  the  Ohio  River,  12  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

Sweideeyah,  or  Sweidiyah,  swi-dee'yi,  written 
also  Snadiah  or  Suadeiah,  a  large  village  of  Syria,  in 
a  valley,  14  miles  W.  of  Antioch. 

Swellendam,  Africa.    See  Zwellendam. 

Swena'da,  or  Sweno'da,  a  post-township  of  Swift 
CO.,  Minn.     Pop.  242. 

Swengel,  swfing'g^l,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lewis  township. 
Union  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Swenigorod,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Svenigorod. 

Swep'sonville,  a  hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Haw  River,  6  miles  from  Haw  River  Station.  It  has  a 
ootton-factory. 


Swerige,  or  Sverige.    See  Sweden. 

Sweringolowsk,  Siberia.    See  Zvkringolovsk. 

Swerzendz,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schwersenz. 

Sweveghem,  swi'v§h-Ghfim\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  27  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4370. 

Swevezeele,  swi'v§h-ziM§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  10  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4763. 

Swiaga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sviaga. 

Swid,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Suda. 

Swiecia,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schwetz. 

Swieciany,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Svieciany. 

Swienemiinde,  Prussia.     See  SwinemUnde. 

Swienta  Sierka,  Baden.    See  Heiligenbero. 

Swift,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  053  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chip- 
pewa, Minnesota,  and  Pomme  de  Terre  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  mostly  destitute  of  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  the  production  of 
grain  and  grass.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  &,  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Benson.  Pop.  in  1875,  2269;  in  1880, 
7473;  in  1890,  10,161. 

Swift  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  southeastward 
through  Franklin  and  Nash  cos.,  and  enters  Tar  River  about 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Tarborough.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Swift  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Pitt  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Neuse  River  in  Craven  co. 

Swift  Creek,  South  Carolina,  flows  into  the  Wateree 
River  near  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Sumter  co. 

Swift  Creek,  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  flows  into  the  Ten- 
nessee River. 

Swift  Creek,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  flows 
through  Chesterfield  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Appomattox 
River  a  few  miles  below  Petersburg. 

Swift  Creek,  township,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C.   P.  2383. 

Swift  Creek,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1800. 

Swift  Creek,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.    P.  1446. 

Swift  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C. 

Swift  Creek  Bridge,  N.C.    See  Derganton. 

Swift  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Chippewa  River,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Benson.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Swift  Island,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Swif  ton,  a  post-namlet  of  Jackson  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Cairo  &,  Fulton  Railroad,  101  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  a  church. 

Swift  River,  Massachusetts,  is  formed  by  branches 
which  rise  in  Franklin  and  Worcester  cos.  It  runs  south- 
ward through  Hampshire  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Chicopee 
River  at  Three  Rivers,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Swift  River,  New  Hampshire,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Saco  River  near  Conway,  in  Carroll  co. 

SAvift  River,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cummington  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Westfield  River,  about  22 
miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  handles  for  tools,  brushes,  brooms,  <tc. 

Swifts'ville  (Leo  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co., 
0.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Swihow,  Bohemia.     See  Schwibac. 

Swil'ly,  LouGH,  16h,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  in  the  N. 
part  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  Donegal,  extends  inland 
25  miles  S.,  where  it  receives  the  river  Swilly. 

Swiin'ming  Pens,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C. 
Pop. 1634. 

Swin'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bath.  It  is  built  on  an 
eminence,  and  has  a  free  school  and  several  charities.  In 
the  part  called  New  Swindon  are  large  railway -shops  and 
warehouses.  Pop.  of  New  Swindon,  4092 ;  of  Old  Swindon, 
7628. 

Swine'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Mayo,  15^  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  1366. 

Swinemtinde,  or  Swienemiinde,  swee^n^h-miin'- 
d§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Stettin,  in  the  island  of  Usedom,  on  the  Swine,  an  outlet 
of  the  Stettiner-Haff  in  the  Baltic.  Its  harbor  has  been  im- 
proved by  the  erection  of  piers,  on  one  of  which  is  a  light- 
house. It  has  a  pilot-board,  and  here  large  vessels  unload 
cargoes  for  Stettin,  of  which  it  is  the  outport.     Pop.  7977. 

Swineshead,  swinz'hfid,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
Lincoln,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  Pop.  of  parish,  1918. 
The  sea  formerly  reached  this  town. 

Swinesund,  swee'n§h-soond\  an  inlet  of  the  Skager- 
Rack,  between  Norway  and  Sweden. 

Swiu'ford-Regis,  or  King's  Swin'ford,  a  village 
of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Staffordshire  &  Wor- 
cestershire Canal,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stourbridge.  The  vil 


SWI 


2571 


SWI 


Utge  has  a  massive  ohuroh,  ooal-,  iron-,  glass-,  briok-,  and 
tile-works,  and  numerous  potteries. 

Swin'soii's  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Wil- 
mington. 

SAVin'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
parish  of  Wath  on  Dearne,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rotherham, 
on  the  Midland  Railway.     Pop.  6150. 

Swir,  a  rirer  of  Russia.    See  Sveer. 

Swish'er,  a  county  of  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas,  trav- 
ersed by  Red  River.     Area,  900  sq.  m.     Capital,  Tulia. 

Swislotsch,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Svislotch. 

Swiss,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo. 

Swiss  Alp,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Swiss'vale,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8 
,  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  car-factory,  many  resi- 
dences of  business  men  of  Pittsburg,  and  a  church.  Coal 
i«  mined  near  it. 

Switz  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  6  or  7 
miles  W.  of  Bloomfield.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vin- 
oennes  Railroad,  38i  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  2 
churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Switzerland  (Ger.  Schweiz  or  Schweitz,  shwits;  It. 
Svizzera,  svit'si-rA;  Fr.  ,S'iti««e,  sweess ;  Sip.  Suiza,  swee'- 
thi;  Port.  A  Terra  dos  <Suifo«,  k  tSa'Ri  doce  swee'soce, 
"the  land  of  the  Swiss;"  L.  Helve' tia),  a  federal  republic 
of  Central  Europe,  situated  between  lat.  45°  50'  and  47°*50' 
N.  and  Ion.  6°  and  10°  25'  E.,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Baden, 
from  which  it  is  separated  for  the  most  part  by  the  Rhine, 
N.E.  by  Wiirtemberg  and  Bavaria,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  the  Lake  of  Constance,  E.  by  the  principality  of 
Liechtenstein  and  the  Tyrol,  S.  by  Italy,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  Alps  and  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  and  W.  and 
N.W.  by  France,  from  which  it  is  separated  in  part  by  the 
Jura  Mountains  and  the  river  Doubs.  The  greatest  length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  near  the  parallel  of  46°  35'  N.,  is  216  miles ; 
the  greatest  breadth,  about  140  miles.  The  following  table 
gives  the  areas  of  the  cantons  into  which  the  country  is 
divided,  with  the  official  census  of  the  population  in 
1888: 


Cantons. 


Zurich 

Bern 

Lucerne 

Uri 

8chwytz.„ 

Unterwalden  (Upper). 
Unterwalden  (Lower) 

Glarus 

Zug 

Freyburg 

Soleiire 

Basel  Town 

Basel  Land 

Schaffhausen 

Appenzell 

Saiut  Gall 

Orisons 

Aargau , 

Thurgau 

Ticino , 

Vaud 

Valais 

Neufchatel 

Geneva 

Total ^ 


2,917,754 


Switzerland  belongs  to  the  region  of  the  Central  Alps, 
extending  between  Mont  Blanc,  in  Savoy,  and  the  Gross 
Glockner,  in  Tyrol.  The  immense  mass  of  Mount  Saint 
Qothard  forms  the  centre  or  nucleus  of  a  system  of  moun- 
tains, covered  with  perennial  snow  and  glaciers,  the  peaks 
of  which  are  from  9000  to  12,500  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  Alps,  the  highest  point  of  which  is  Monte 
Rosa,  16,208  feet  above  the  sea,  cover  all  the  central,  S., 
and  S.E.  portion  of  the  country,  and  occupy  more  than 
one-half  of  its  superficies.  The  Jura  Mountains  extend 
along  the  N.W.  borders ;  of  these  the  culminating  points 
are  the  Ddle  and  Mont  Tendre,  and  between  these  is  an 
Dndalating  plain  or  table-land,  136  miles  in  length,  with 
va  extreme  breadth  of  60  miles,  extending  from  the  Lake 
of  Geneva,  in  the  S.W.,  to  the  Lake  of  Constance,  in  the 
'N.E.  Next  the  Alps  it  is  2000  feet  above  the  sea,  sloping 
towards  the  Jura,  where  it  is  1350  feet.  It  has  numerous 
▼alleys,  some  of  which  are  of  considerable  extent.  Among 
its  mountains  and  hills  are  the  Jorat,  in  Valais;   the 


Albis,  between  Zug  and  Zurich ;  the  Allman,  in  the  E.  of 
Zurich ;  and  the  Uauenstein,  between  Basel  and  Soleure. 
The  high  Alps  form  vast  reservoirs  whence  issue  thousand* 
of  fertilizing  torrents.  The  chief  rivers  flow  by  the  Rhine 
to  the  North  Sea,  by  the  Rhone  to  the  Mediterranean,  by 
the  Ticino  to  the  Po  and  the  Adriatic,  and  by  the  Inn  to 
the  Danube  and  Black  Sea.  The  other  principal  rivers 
are  the  Thur  and  the  Aar,  affluents  of  the  Rhine ;  and  the 
Emmen  and  Limmat,  affluents  of  the  Aar.  No  country  in 
Europe,  except  Scandinavia,  has,  in  proportion  to  its  size, 
so  many  lakes  as  Switzerland.  Those  of  the  Alpine  regions 
occupy  the  lower  parts  of  the  valleys.  They  vary  in  depth 
from  500  to  1900  feet,  and  are  situated  at  an  elevation  of 
from  1200  to  1800  feet  above  the  sea;  the  chief  of  these 
are  the  lakes  of  Geneva,  Brienz,  Thun,  Lucerne,  Zug,  Wal- 
lenstadt,  Zurich,  Constance,  and  on  the  S.  of  the  Alps  Lago 
di  Lugano  and  Lago  Maggiore.  Most  of  these  are  traversed 
by  steamboats.  The  table-land  contains  the  lakes  of  Morat, 
Sempach,  Baldegg,  Hallwyl,  Greiffensee,  and  Pf  affikon.  In 
the  Jura  are  the  lakes  of  Neufcha,tel  and  Bienne.  The 
climate  of  Switzerland,  owing  to  its  elevation  and  to  other 
causes,  is  much  more  severe  than  is  due  to  its  position 
nearly  in  mid-distance  between  the  equator  and  the  north 
pole.  It  presents  the  greatest  extremes  and  the  most 
violent  contrasts.  In  Geneva,  at  an  elevation  of  1230  feet, 
the  mean  pressure  of  the  barometer  is  27  inches,  the  ther- 
mometer ranges  from  34°  to  66°  Fahr.,  and  the  average 
annual  rainfall  is  29  inches ;  on  Mount  St.  Bernard,  ba- 
rometer 21  inches,  thermometer  18°  to  43°  Fahr.,  and  an- 
nual rainfall  65  inches.  The  elevation  of  the  lower  limit 
of  snow  in  the  mountains  is  8900  feet.  On  the  table-land 
and  in  the  lower  mountains  snow  falls  in  greater  abundance 
than  in  other  countries  of  the  same  latitude  in  Europe.  On 
St.  Gothard  snow  falls  at  least  once  a  month  in  summer. 
The  large  lakes  are  seldom  frozen.  In  the  upper  valleys 
of  the  Jura  winter  lasts  six  months ;  it  is  longer  in  those 
of  the  Alps.  S.W.  winds,  which  are  frequent,  usually 
bring  rain ;  the  N.E.  wind,  which  blows  on  the  table-land 
in  spring,  is  cold  and  dry.  The  warm  S.  wind  greatly  fa- 
vors the  climate  of  the  canton  of  Ticino ;  under  the  name 
of  Fohn,  the  sirocco  of  the  Alps,  it  blows  with  extreme 
violence,  and  causes  great  damage  on  the  lakes.  At  an 
elevation  of  from  1000  to  1600  feet  the  climate  is  pure 
and  salubrious ;  but  it  is  unhealthy  in  many  of  the  deep 
and  narrow  valleys.  Vegetation  corresponds  with  the  ex- 
tremes of  climate.  In  Valais  the  fig  and  the  grape  ripen 
at  the  foot  of  ice-clad  mountains,  while  near  their  summits 
the  rhododendron  and  the  lichen  grow  at  the  limit  of  the 
snow-line.  The  grain  raised  in  Switzerland  is  not  nearly 
sufficient  for  the  supply  of  its  population.  The  most  pro- 
ductive cantons  are  those  of  the  N.  and  W.  Here  the  vine 
ripens  at  an  elevation  of  1900  and  in  some  places  at  2100 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  cultivated  on  the  slopes  of  the 
Jura,  and  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rhine,  Rhone,  Reuss,  Lim- 
mat, and  Thur;  and  wine  is  exported.  Buckwheat  ripens 
at  an  elevation  of  2200  feet,  and  with  a  S.  exposure  at  3000 
feet ;  wheat,  at  3600  feet ;  oats,  at  4300  feet ;  barley,  at  5100 
feet.  Flax  and  hemp  are  extensively  grown ;  irrigation  is 
judiciously  managed ;  and,  in  general,  agriculture  is  making 
considerable  progress.  The  slopes  of  the  Jura  and  of  the 
Alps,  and  the  high  regions  of  the  table-land,  are  covered 
with  valuable  timber  trees, — the  oak,  beech,  larch,  and  birch. 
The  pine  and  larch  grow  to  an  elevation  of  6500  feet, 
shrubs  to  7400  feet.  The  principal  wealth  of  Switzerland 
consists  in  its  rich  and  excellent  pastures,  which  in  summer 
support  vast  numbers  of  cattle ;  the  finest  breeds  are  those 
of  the  Simmenthal,  Gessenay,  Gruydre,  Zug,  and  Schwytz. 
The  silk-worm  is  reared  in  the  valleys  S.  of  the  Alps,  and 
of  late  also  in  the  N.  The  forests  abound  in  game ;  the 
lammergeyer  inhabits  the  highest  mountains,  and  the  cha- 
mois is  hunted  in  Valais  and  in  the  Oberland.  Fish  of 
excellent  quality  abound  in  the  lakes  and  rivers.  Iron 
is  found  in  the  mountains  generally,  but  chiefly  in  the 
Jura ;  there  are  mines  of  lead  and  zino  in  the  Grisons. 
Turf  is  abundant  in  the  marshy  districts,  and  coal  is  found 
in  the  table-land.  The  principal  salt  springs  are  at  Bex, 
in  the  valley  of  the  Rhone.  Switzerland  contains  upwards 
of  300  mineral  springs,  18  bath  establishments  of  the  first, 
and  186  of  the  second  class.  Cheese  is  a  valuable  product; 
it  is  made  chiefly  in  Gessenay,  the  Simmenthal,  and  the 
Emmenthal ;  that  called  Gruyere  is  highly  valued  and  ex- 
tensively exported.  Kirschwasser,  cider,  and  perry  are 
made.  The  country  has  made  rapid  progress  in  manufac- 
turing industry.  Cotton  goods  are  made  chiefly  in  Appen- 
zell and  St.  Gall.  Silks  are  woven  in  Zurich  and  Basel, 
and  linens  at  Bern.  Neufohitel  has  superior  printing  es- 
tablishments.    Watches,  jewelry,  and   musical-boxes  ara 


SWI 


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the  principal  manufactures  of  the  W.  cantons ;  here  230,000 
watches  are  made  every  year.  In  1884  there  were  1925 
miles  of  railway  in  operation,  and  the  length  of  tele- 
graph line  at  work  was  4349  miles.  In  winter  the  popula- 
tion of  the  Alps  inhabit  villages  scattered  over  the  lower 
valleys.  In  May  the  cattle  are  led  to  the  lower  pastures ; 
in  July  they  ascend  to  regions  6000  feet  above  the  sea ;  and 
about  August  1 0  they  pasture  on  the  highest  mountains, 
whence  they  descend  to  the  valleys  about  October  10. 

The  principal  races  inhabiting  the  country  are  the  Teu- 
tonic and  the  Celtic.  The  German  language  is  spoken  in  a 
variety  of  patois  by  the  population  in  the  N.  and  E. 
French  is  spoken  in  the  Jura,  and  on  the  table-land  W.  of 
the  Lakes  of  Bienne  and  Morat  and  of  the  river  Sarine,  in 
part  of  Valais,  and  the  Alps  in  its  vicinity.  S.  of  the  Alps 
the  Italian  language  is  used ;  the  Romanche  is  spoken  in 
the  Engadine  and  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rhine.  The  in- 
habitants of  the  Alps  are  mostly  Roman  Catholics.  In  the 
Jura  and  on  the  table-land,  Protestants  are  most  numerous. 
In  1888  the  proportions  were:  Protestants,  1,716,548;  Ro- 
man Catholics,  1,183,828;  Jews,  8069;  other  sects  12,000. 
All  Christian  sects  are  tolerated,  but  the  Jesuits  are  ex- 
cluded. Switzerland  has  universities  at  Basel,  Bern,  and 
Zurich ;  and  there  are  superior  gymnasia  in  all  the  chief 
towns.  Public  instruction  is  widely  disseminated,  and  in 
the  Protestant  cantons  Sunday-  and  infant-schools  are  on 
the  increase.  School  attendance  is  compulsory  from  the  age 
of  five  to  eight.  In  the  Protestant  cantons  the  proportion 
of  children  at  school  is  as  1  to  5  of  the  population,  in  the 
mixed  cantons  1  to  7,  and  in  the  Catholic  cantons  1  to  9. 
In  1863  the  state  had  435  journals  :  185  political,  22  liter- 
ary and  scientific,  20  religious — 15  Protestant  and  5  Roman 
Catholic;  231  are  printed  in  German,  105  in  French,  8  in 
Italian,  and  3  in  patois.  The  Swiss  Confederation  is  com- 
posed of  22  cantons,  forming  25  independent  states,  united 
in  a  perpetual  league.  The  central  and  W,  part  was  called 
Helvetia  by  the  Romans,  and  the  E.  part,  or  the  Grisons, 
Rhsetia.  The  Confederation  was  founded  January  1,  1308, 
by  the  three  cantons  Uri,  Schwytz,  and  Unterwalden.  In 
1353  it  numbered  eight  cantons,  and  in  1513  it  was  com- 
posed of  thirteen  cantons.  This  old  confederation  of  thir- 
teen cantons  was  increased  by  the  adherence  of  several 
subject  territories,  and  existed  till  1798,  when  it  was  re- 

f  laced  by  the  Helvetic  Republic,  which  lasted  four  years, 
n  1803,  Napoleon  I.  organized  a  new  confederation,  com- 
posed of  nineteen  cantons,  by  the  addition  of  St.  Gall,  the 
Grisons,  Aargau,  Thurgau,  Ticino,  and  Vaud.  This  con- 
federation was  modified  in  1815 ;  the  number  of  cantons 
was  increased  to  twenty-two  by  the  admission  of  Valais, 
Neufch^tel,  and  Geneva.  The  federal  government  was  com- 
posed of  a  diet  and  of  a  Vorort  or  federal  directory.  By 
the  new  constitution  of  1848  the  federal  assembly  is  com- 
posed of  two  divisions,  a  national  council  and  a  senate,  and 
Bern  was  chosen  as  the  federal  city.  Every  parish  supports 
its  own  poor.  In  1S86  the  citizens  liable  to  military  duty 
numbered  201,225,  of  whom  117,179  were  in  the  regular 
army  and  84,046  in  the  landtoehr.  Total  revenue  in  1886, 
67,639,000  francs;  expenditure,  67,688,500  francs. 

Swifzerlandy  a  county  in  the  extreme  S.E.  part  of 
Indiana,  borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  240  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  except  the  level  river-bottom, 
which  is  nearly  3  miles  wide.  Forests  cover  nearly  one- 
third  of  the  area.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone 
crops  out  in  this  county.  No  railway  traverses  this 
county,  but  a  line  leading  from  Indianapolis  terminates  at 
Madison,  in  Jefiferson  oo.  Capital,  Vevay.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,134;  in  1880,  13,336;  in  1890,  12,514. 

Swit'zerrille,  a  post- village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  250. 

Swoope's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

Swords,  sords,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dublin,  on  the  Swords  River,  5  miles  from  the 
Irish  Sea,     Pop.  1296. 

Swords  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Swosowice,  or  Swoszowice,  sho-sho-veet'si,  writ- 
ten also  Swosgowice,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  near 
Wadowice,  with  noted  sulphur-mines. 

Swratauch,  svri'tSwK,  or  Zwratauch,  zvri'tSwK, 
a  village  of  Bohemia,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Chrudim.     P.  1782. 

Swynaerde,  swi'naRM§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  3  miles  S.  of  Ghent. 

Syalkote,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sealkotb. 

Syambazar,  srim-bi-zar',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Bnrd- 
wan.     Lat.  23°  35'  10"  N.;  Ion.  87°  32'  E.     Pop.  19,635. 


Syang,  sring',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  is 
the  Gilolo  Passage,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Waigeoo.  Lat.  0°  20 
N.;  Ion.  129°  54'  E. 

Syanuh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Seeanuh. 

Sybaris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Coscile. 

Sy'bertsville,  a  post-village  in  Sugar  Loaf  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  the  Conyngham  Valley,  20  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  25  houses. 

Syc'amore,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  "Co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River,  60  miles  above  Sacra- 
mento. It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  machine-shop,  a  large 
warehouse  for  grain,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Much  produce  is 
shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Sycamore,  a  station  in  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad  (Visalia  division),  10  miles  N.N.W.  o' 
Fresno  City. 

Sycamore,  a  post-oflBce  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga. 

Sycamore,  a  post-town,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co.,  HI.,  in 
Sycamore  township,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  60  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Aurora.  A 
short  railroad  connects  this  place  with  Cortland  Station  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  contains  a  high 
school,  6  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks, 
9  churches,  and  2  cheese-factories.  It  has  manufactures  of 
harvesters,  ploughs,  wagons,  and  other  farming-implements. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1967;  in  1880,  3028;  in  1890,  2987. 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
119.     It  contains  Sycamore  Springs. 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas 
Pop.  810.     It  contains  Radical  City. 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.     Pop.  5460. 

Sycamore,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sycamore  township,  Wy- 
andot co^  0.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Upper  Sandusky,  and  11 
miles  S.  of  Tiffin.   It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  township,  850. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     P.  1359. 

Sycamore,  a  post-village  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Sycamore  Creek,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church,  a  powder-mill,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sycamore  Creek,  California,  rises  near  Mount  Rip- 
ley, runs  eastward  through  Colusa  co.,  and  enters  the  Sac 
ramento  River  about  20  miles  W.  of  Marysville. 

Sycamore  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Ingham  cu., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Red  Cedar  River  at  the  city 
of  Lansing. 

Sycamore  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward 
through  Cheatham  co.,  and  enters  Cumberland  River  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  Harpeth  River. 

Sycamore  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co., 
W.  Va.,  4  miles  from  Mount  Clare.     It  has  a  church. 

Sycamore  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo., 
Kansas,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia. 

Sycamore  Station,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of 
Danville.  It  has  a  church  and  5  stores.  Much  lumber  is 
shipped  here. 

Sycamore  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  0. 

Sychar,  or  Sychem.    See  Nabloos. 

Sydenham,  sid'§n-am,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  with  a  station  on  the  London  &  Croydon  Railway,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  London  Bridge. 

Sydenham,  Ontario.  See  Cathcart,  Loughborough, 
Owen  Sound,  and  Dixie. 

Sydenham  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Nanooti. 

Sydenham  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Big  Head  River,  13  miles  from  Meaford. 
It  contains  a  church  and  lumber-mills. 

Sydenham  Place,  a  post- village  in  Drummond  co., 
Quebec,  15  miles  from  Richmond.     Pop.  200. 

Syd 'nor s vine,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Sydney,  sid'nee,  the  capital  city  of  the  British  colonj 
of  New  South  Wales,  is  built  on  the  southern  shores  of  Port 
Jackson,  5  miles  from  the  entrance  of  the  harbor.  Lat 
33°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  151°  11'  42"  E.  It  is  the  oldest  city  in 
Australia,  and  was  founded  in  1788  by  Captain  Arthur 
Phillip,  who  had  been  despatched  by  the  imperial  govern- 
ment to  establish  a  penal  settlement  in  this  remote  region, 
and  who,  after  first  landing  at  Botany  Bay  and  remaining 
a  short  time  at  that  inconvenient  locality,  soon  after  dis- 
covered and  removed  to  the  fine  harbor  of  Port  Jackson. 
The  harbor  is  quite  landlocked,  with  deep  water  to  the 
edge  of  its  rocky  shores.  The  old  part  of  the  town  is  fast 
disappearing,  and  giving  place  to  a  handsome  city,  with 
numerous  public  and  private  buildings,  built  of  fine  sand- 


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SYM 


stone.  The  city  has  a  mayor  and  municipal  corporation ; 
and  there  also  the  governor  resides  and  the  colonial  par- 
liament of  two  houses  holds  its  session.  There  are  3  col- 
leges, a  grammar-school,  and  a  university,  which  has,  with 
regard  to  its  degrees,  the  status  of  the  English  universities. 
Sydney  has  2  large  dry-docks,  an  observatory,  several 
parks,  and  a  museum.  Mean  temperature,  62.4°  Fahr., 
which  is  almost  equal  to  that  of  Lisbon.  The  variation  in 
the  annual  temperature  is  only  4.5°,  or  from  59.8°  to  64.3°. 
Mean  temperature  of  January,  70.9°  ;  of  July,  51.7°.  The 
gold  discoveries  in  1851  have  augmented  the  commerce  of 
Sydney,  and  a  branch  mint  was  granted  by  the  imperial 
government,  which  came  into  work  in  May,  1865.  By 
royal  proclamation  of  the  same  year,  the  gold  coinage  of 
Sydney  is  made  legal  tender  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The 
place  is  defended  by  several  fortifications,  including  Pinch- 
gut  Island,  a  small  rock  artificially  cut  to  nearly  a  level 
with  the  water.  There  is  communication  from  Sydney  by 
rail  W.  to  the  Weatherboard,  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains, a  distance  of  72  miles  ;  S.  to  Sutton  Forest,  86  miles. 
Shortest  sea-route  to  London,  12,040  miles ;  time,  86  days. 
[n  June,  1866,  a  regular  line  of  steam-packets  was  estab- 
lished between  Sydney,  Wellington  (New  Zealand),  and 
Panama.  The  port  of  Sydney  is  the  depot  of  the  Peninsu- 
lar &  Oriental  and  Panama  &  New  Zealand  mail-packets. 
Pop.  in  1871,  134,747;  in  1891,  with  suburbs,  383,386. 

Sydney,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Antigonish. 

Sydney,  or  South  Sydney,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova 
Sojtia,  formerly  capital  of  Cape  Breton,  situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  finest  harbors  in  the  world,  having  a  safe  and  secure 
entrance,  285  miles  N.B.  of  Halifax.  Lat.  of  light-house, 
46°  18'  N.;  Ion.  60°  9'  W.  Three  miles  above  the  light- 
house are  the  Sydney  Coal-Mines,  and  at  the  distance 
of  15  miles  are  the  Bridgeport  Mines,  where  the  coal  is  9 
feet  in  thickness.  A  railway  connects  the  latter  mines 
with  Sydney,  and  another  extends  to  Louisburg.  Sydney 
is  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Cape  Breton.  It  has  6 
churches,  3  branch  banks,  a  court-house,  a  masonic  hall,  2 
newspaper  oflices,  3  good  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  steam- 
tannery,  boot-factory,  ship-yards,  and  a  number  of  stores. 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  with  Newfoundland  and  the 
islands  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon.     Pop.  3000. 

Sydney  Mines,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
Cape  Breton,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Sydney  Harbor,  20  miles 
from  Sydney.  Here  are  the  Sydney  Coal-Mines.  The  coal 
is  transported  3  miles  by  railway  to  a  wharf  in  Sydney 
llarbor,  where  it  is  taken  on  board  of  vessels.     Pop.  2500. 

Sy^edpoor',  or  Sayyidpur,  si^ed-poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Fureedpoor  district,  on  a  navigable  river,  Lat. 
23°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  44'  E.  It  has  a  large  trade,  and  is  by 
no  means  compactly  built. 

Syene,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Asswan. 

Syene,  si'een.  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Madison. 
It  has  8  dwellings. 

Syhoon,' si-hoon',  or  Seihun,  si-hoon'  (anc.  Sa'rus), 
a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises  among  the  mountains  of 
Taurus,  flows  S.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean.  Total 
course,  about  130  miles. 

Sykes  (siks)  Mills,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 
Here  is  a  grr*t-mill. 

Sykesville,  siks'vil,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  4  churches. 

Sykesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Wrightstown  Station,  which  is  33  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Sykharitza,  se-K3,-rit'si,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Arta,  5908  feet  in  height. 

Sylacanga,  sil-a-kaw'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Syl'ah,  or  Sil'ah,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  the 
Baroda  dominions,  on  the  Guzerat  peninsula,  65  miles  S.W. 
of  Ahmedabad. 

Sy'Iamore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stone  co.,  Ark.,  on  White 
River,  6  miles  below  Mount  Olive.     It  has  a  church. 

Sylarsville,  si'larz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ark., 
about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Helena. 

SyPhet',  or  Sirhet',  a  district  of  India,  attached  to 
Assam,  but  separated  from  it  on  the  N.  by  the  Cossyah  and 
Jynteah  Hills,  and  bounded  W.  by  Bengal.  Area,  5383 
square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  and  populous  pastoral  country. 
Capital,  Sylhet.     Pop.  1,719,639. 

sylhet,  or  Silhet,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Sylhet, 
»n  the  Soormah,  160  miles  N.E.  of  Dacca.     Pop.  16,846. 


Syll,  or  Syl,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Schtl. 

Syllimau,  sil'le-man,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.W'.  of  Pottsville. 

Sylt,  or  Syltoe,  an  island  of  Prussia.     See  Silt. 

Sylva,  sil'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Perm.  Lat.  67°  30'  N.  It  flows  circuitously  N.N.W., 
and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles,  joins  the  Tchoos- 
sova  24  miles  N.E.  of  Perm. 

Sylva  Hercynia,  Germany.    See  Harz. 

Sylvan,  sil'van,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
masonic  lodge. 

Sylvan,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  124. 

Sylvan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in  Syl- 
van township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Chelsea,  and  18  miles  W.  of 
Ann  Arbor.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  the 
village  of  Chelsea,  which  is  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1886. 

Sylvan,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  N.B.  of  Hancock,  Md.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Sylvan,  a  post- township  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  about 
45  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     Pop.  1010. 

Sylvan,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Silver  Creek,  3  miles  from  Widder.     Pop.  100. 

Sylvan  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas. 

Sylvan  Dell,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky. 

Sylvanectes,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Senlis. 

Sylvan  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wilson  Railroad  Station. 

Sylva'nia,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Scriven  co., 
Ga.,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  seminary. 

Sylvania,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  about  35 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Terre  Haute.    It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Sylvania,  a  post-office  of  Dade  oo..  Mo.,  about  30  miles 
N.B.  of  Carthage. 

Sylvania,  a  village  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  at  Sylvania  Station, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  CharlesJ;on.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  stave-factory.     Here  is  St.  Cloud  Post-Office. 

Sylvania,  a  post-village  in  Sylvania  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  and  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Adrian, 
Mich.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  barrels,  staves,  and  wood-pulp.     Pop.  about  750. 

Sylvania,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Troy  Station,  and  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Sylvania,  a  township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  267. 

Sylvania,  Racine  co.,  Wis.     See  Windsor. 

Syl'van  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Orlando,  and  2  miles  from  the  St.  John's  River. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sylvan  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  small  lake,  and  on  the  Clove  Branch  of  the  Dutchess  & 
Columbia  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg.  Iron  is 
mined  near  this  place. 

Sylvant,  Richland  co..  Wis.    See  Sylvan. 

Sylvare'na,  a  hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  28  miles  S. 
of  Forest.  Here  are  2  churches,  and  a  school  called  the 
Sylvarena  Institute. 

Sylves'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Hinton  township,  about  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  shingles. 

Sylvester,  a  post-township  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  about  28 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  876. 

Symfcthus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  (Jiarketta. 

Symbalou,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Balaklava. 

Sym'co,  a  post-office  of  AVaupaca  co.,  Wis.,  about  34 
miles  N.W.  of  Appleton. 

Symi,  see'mee  (anc.  Sy'me),  an  island  ofi"  the  W.  ooast 
of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Symi,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Rhodes.  Lat.  36°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  54'  E. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  6  miles  each.  Pop.  e8timate<] 
at  7000.  The  outline  is  very  irregular,  and  the  island  is  a 
rocky  mass  of  limestone  rising  to  1000  feet  above  the  sea. 
The  soil  is  mostly  barren,  but  every  available  patch  of 
ground  is  assiduously  cultivated,  and  the  inhabitants  are 
distinguished  for  industry  and  commercial  enterprise.  Symi 
exports  large  quantities  of  sponge  and  wood  from  the  shores 
of  its  gulf.  It  has  3  harbors,  a  town  of  the  same  name,  and 
some  remains  of  antiquity.  Symi,  the  capital  and  the  only 
town  on  the  island,  is  a  thriving  place  at  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Symi,  on  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  island.  Prp.  about 
1000.    See  also  Gulf  of  Smi. 


SYM 


2574 


S\Jl 


SymmeS)  simz,  a  township  of  Edgar  cc,  111.    P.  1185. 

SymmeS)  a  post-village  in  Symmes  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River  and  the  Marietta 
&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  fine  sus- 
pension-bridge.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1377. 

SymmeS)  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  995. 

Symmes'  (simz)  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  4  miles  S.  of  Hamilton. 

Symmes'  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Jackson  co.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  about  5  miles  above  Burlington. 

Symmes'  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Symond's  Harbor,  New  Zealand.    See  Manakoo. 

Sympheropol,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Simpeuopol. 

Symplegades,  sim-plfig'a-diz,  a  group  of  rocky  islets 
in  the  Black  Sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bosporus. 

Symsonia,  sim-so'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co., 
Ky.,  7  miles  S.  of  Florence  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Synghem,  or  Syngem,  sin'ohSm,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, East  Flanders,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     P.  2293. 

Syntekhno,  sin-t5K'no,  a  river  of  Greece,  an  affluent 
of  the  Aspropotamo.  Syntekhno  is  also  the  name  of  a 
mountain  of  Greece,  contiguous  to  the  above. 

Syoot,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Sioox. 

Syosset,  sl-os'set,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oyster  Bay  town- 
ship. Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island 
Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

Sy'pher's  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Grand  Lake,  64  miles  from  St.  John.  P.  100. 

Syra,  seo'ri  (anc.  Sy'ros),  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  among  the  Cyclades,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Paros. 
Area,  about  55  square  miles.  Pop.  about  30,000.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  and  near  its  N.  extremity  is  a  peak 
rising  to  4000  feet  above  the  sea.  Many  parts  of  the  island 
are  fertile,  producing  corn,  wine,  silk,  figs,  and  cotton.  It 
forms,  with  the  islands  of  Zea,  Myconus,  Thermia,  Serpho, 
Siphanto,  Argentiera,  Milo,  and  Sikino,  a  government  of 
Greece. 

Syra,  or  Hermop'olis,  the  capital  of  the  above 
island,  is  a  maritime  town  on  the  E.  shore.  Pop.  20,996. 
It  is  built  around  its  harbor,  at  the  foot  of  a  conical-shaped 
hill,  which  formed  the  site  of  the  older  town.  Since  the 
Greek  revolution  Syra  has  attained  a  rank  for  commercial 
importance  in  Greece  next  to  Athens.  It  is  the  residence 
of  consuls  of  most  European  states,  and  is  a  principal  sta- 
tion of  the  Mediterranean  steamers  going  to  and  from  Con- 
stantinople. It  has  5  churches,  2  branch  banks,  5  steam 
flour-mills,  6  tanneries,  manufactures  of  ropes,  glass,  pot- 
tery, iron-wares,  castings,  handkerchiefs,  sashes,  yarn,  Ac, 
also  ship-yards,  a  gymnasium,  2  orphanages,  a  normal 
school,  and  5  newspaper  offices.  Outside  the  town  proper 
there  is,  on  a  hill  near  by,  a  suburb  called  Upper  Syra,  with 
8000  inhabitants. 

Syracuse,  slr'a-kuz  (It.  Siracuaa,  se-ra-koo'sl;  anc. 
Syracu'sa ;  Gr.  Svpa/cova-a),  a  city  of  Sicily,  capital  of 
a  province,  on  its  E.  coast,  in  modern  times  occupying 
only  the  site  of  the  original  and  smallest  quarter  of  the 
famous  city  of  antiquity,  viz.,  the  island  of  Ortygia,  be- 
tween the  sea  and  the  harbor,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Catania. 
Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  15°  17'  E.  Pop.,  which  in  ancient  times 
amounted  to  200,000,  was  in  1871  only  20,035.  The  ca- 
thedral, formerly  the  temple  of  Minerva,  is  of  Doric  arch- 
itecture, and  has  been  a  place  of  worship  continuously  for 
2500  years.  The  church  of  St.  Marcian  claims  to  have 
been  the  earliest  in  Europe  for  Christian  worship.  The 
catacombs  and   the  latomix,  or  ancient  prisons,   are  the 

Juarries  from  which  the  materials  of  Syracuse  were  taken, 
n  connection  with  the  latomm  of  Neapolis  may  be  men- 
tioned the  famous  cavern  known  by  the  name  of  the  "  Ear 
of  Dionysius,"  along  which  the  slightest  whisper  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  audibly  conveyed.  Besides  the  above, 
the  famous  fountain  of  Arethusa,  now  used  for  a  washing- 
trough,  the  remains  of  the  strong  fortress  Hexapylon,  of  a 
temple  of  Apollo,  another  of  Diana,  of  a  Roman  amphi- 
theatre, some  baths,  walls,  gates,  and  the  Palace  of  Sixty 
Beds,  constructed  by  Agathoeles,  are  the  chief  vestiges  of 
antiquity.  The  mediaeval  citadel,  barracks,  a  college,  royal 
academy,  museum  of  antiquities,  and  public  library,  with 
numerous  churches,  may  be  noticed  as  belonging  to  the 
modern  city.  The  noble  harbor  is  admirably  adapted  for 
a  commercial  emporium,  but  its  trade  is  now  nearly  con- 
fined to  a  few  exports  of  salt,  wine,  oil,  and  fish.  Syracuse 
was  founded  B.C.  736  by  a  colony  from  Corinth,  governed 
alternately  as  a  republic  or  under  kings.  It  was  unsuccess- 
fully besieged  by  the  Athenians  b.c.  414,  and  taken  by  the 
Romans  b.  c.  212,  and,  after  a  long  siege,  in  878  a.d.,  by 


the  Saracens,  who  partially  destroyed  it;  but  it  was  chiefly 
ruined  by  the  earthquake  of  1693.  It  was  the  residence, 
at  diflferent  periods,  of  Plato,  Simonides,  Zeno,  and  Cicero, 
and  the  birthplace  of  the  poets  Theocritus  and  Moschus, 
and  of  the  philosopher  Archimedes,  who  lost  his  life  at  the 

capture  of  the   city  by  the  Romans. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Syracusan,  slr-a-ku'zan. 

Syracuse,  slr'a-kuz,  a  post-village  in  Turkey  Creek 
township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  on  Turkey  Lake,  at  its  outlet,  17i  miles  W. 
of  Albion,  and  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Goshen.  It  has 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  wagons 
and  cabinet-ware.     Pop.  about  600. 

Syracuse,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Granada,  Col. 

Syracuse,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  high  school.  Lead  and  coal  abound  in  its 
vicinity.     Pop.  about  200. 

Syracuse,  a  post- village  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Little 
Nemaha  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  728. 

Syracuse,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  New  York,  the 
capital  of  Onondaga  co.,  is  situated  on  the  main  line  of  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Erie  and  Oswego 
Canals,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  latter,  148  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Albany,  and  150  miles  E.  of  Bufl"alo.  The  railroad 
facilities  of  Syracuse  extend  in  every  direction,  embracing 
several  main  lines  with  their  branches,  and  affording  con- 
venient communication  with  all  the  principal  cities  of  the 
state.  Syracuse  is  a  manufacturing  city,  its  chief  industry 
having  formerly  been,  for  more  than  a  century,  the  manu- 
facture of  salt  from  deposits  which  were  discovered  aa 
early  as  1654  on  the  shores  of  Onondaga  Lake  by  Jesuit 
missionaries  from  France,  and  which  have  been  largely 
worked  until  the  present  by  the  state,  to  which  they  for- 
merly yielded  immense  revenues.  From  these  revenues 
the  original  cost  of  the  Erie  Canal  (1817-25)  was  paid,  but 
owing  to  the  successful  development  of  the  salt  industry 
in  other  localities  the  state  salt-works  at  Syracuse  have 
ceased  to  be  remunerative.  An  allied  industry,  the  manu- 
facture of  soda  ash  and  kindred  products  by  the  Solvay 
Process  Company,  has  been  established  at  Geddes,  a  suburb 
of  Syracuse,  where  3000  hands  are  employed  and  $3,000,000 
capital  invested.  Other  principal  manufactures  carried  on 
here  are  clothing,  wagons,  mowers  and  reapers,  ploughs, 
furniture,  steam-heating  apparatus,  boots  and  shoes,  and 
novelties  of  many  kinds.  The  capital  invested  in  all  in- 
dustries reported  in  the  census  of  1890  was  $17,207,955, 
and  value  of  product  $25,540,304.  There  are  14  national, 
state,  and  private  banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  a  trust  and 
safe  deposit  company.  The  city  has  a  high  school  and  32 
graded  public  schools,  and  there  are  numerous  private  and 
denominational  schools.  The  higher  education  is  provided 
for  by  Syracuse  University,  beautifully  situated  in  a  cam- 
pus of  50  acres  and  embracing  3  colleges,  known  respeC" 
tively  as  "  The  College  of  Liberal  Arts,"  which  has  its 
home  in  The  Hall  of  Languages,  a  stone  structure  180  by 
96  feet,  four  stories  in  height;  "The  College  of  Fine 
Arts,"  which  occupies  the  imposing  Crouse  Memorial  Col- 
lege Edifice,  of  red  sandstone,  162  by  190  feet  and  four 
stories  high;  and  "The  College  of  Medicine,"  which  occu- 
pies suitable  buildings  in  another  part  of  the  city.  There 
are  also  handsome  library  and  gymnasium  buildings,  and 
a  finely-equipped  observatory.  The  colleges  have  together 
about  60  professors  and  nearly  900  students  and  a  library 
of  45,000  volumes.  Five  daily  and  26  weekly  newspapers 
and  numerous  other  periodicals  are  published  here.  There 
are  48  churches.  The  principal  library  is  the  Central 
Library,  a  public  institution,  under  the  control  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  The  city  government  is  vested  in  a 
mayor,  a  board  of  19  aldermen,  and  various  boards  of 
commissioners  governing  difi"erent  departments.  Syracuse 
has  efficient  police  and  fire  departments,  an  adequate 
supply  of  good  water,  obtained  from  Skaneateles  Lake,  18 
miles  distant,  at  a  bonded  expense  of  $3,500,000,  gas  and 
electric  lights,  and  street-railways.  In  1789,  Asa  Dan- 
forth  established  salt-works  here,  and  a  village  grew  up, 
called  Bogardus  Corners ;  it  changed  its  name  several  times, 
until  in  1825  the  village  was  incorporated  under  the  name 
of  Syracuse.  In  1847  the  adjoining  village  of  Salina  was 
merged  in  Syracuse,  and  the  city  was  incorporated.  Parts 
of  Geddes  and  Onondaga  have  been  annexed  since  1880. 
Pop.  in  1860,  28,119;  in  1870,  43,051;  in  1880,  51,'792;  in 
1890,  88,143;  in  1892  (state  census),  91,648. 


SIR 


2575 


SZA 


Syracuse,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  above  Pomeroy,  and  60 
miles  below  Parkersburg.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  the 
manufacture  of  salt  and  the  ooal-business.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  college.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Syr-Darya,  or  Sir-Daria,  sir-  (or  seer-)  dar'yi,  a 
government  or  province  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Toorkistan, 
including  most  of  the  valley  of  the  Jaxartes  after  it  leaves 
Ferghana.  Area,  165,996  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Tash- 
kend.     Pop.  848,489.    See  also  Jaxartes. 

Syria,  slr'e-a,  or  Suria,  soo're-a  (Turk.  Sham  Vilayeti, 
sh&m  ve-li-i'tee;  Arab.  Es-Sham,  js-shim  ;  It.  Soria,  so- 
ree'4 ;  Pr.  Si/rie,  seeVee' ;  Ger,  Syrien,  see're-§n),  a  large 
division  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  which,  including  Palestine,  lies 
mostly  between  lat.  31°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  34°  30'  and 
40°  E.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Amanian  Mountains,  E.  by  the 
Euphrates  and  the  Arabian  desert,  S.  by  Arabia  Petraea, 
and  W.  by  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  Estimated  area,  146,070 
square  miles.  Pop.  about  2,750,000,  mostly  Mohammedans, 
but  including  about  350,000  Greek  Christians;  260,000  Mar- 
onites  and  Roman  Catholics,  175,000  Jews,  48,000  Druses, 
and  17,000  Metualis  and  Yezidis.  The  W.  or  coast  portion 
is  mountainous  ;  the  E.  is  chiefly  an  elevated  plain.  The 
mountain-ranges  proceed  mostly  N.  to  S., — the  Alma-Dagh 
and  Mount  Lebanon,  in  which  Jebel-Makmel,  10,000  feet, 
is  the  highest  point  in  Syria.  These  terminate  on  the  coast 
in  bold  headlands,  as  do  several  spurs  of  Anti-Libanus, 
which  range  in  Palestine,  enclosing  the  fertile  valley  Coele- 
Syria.  The  mountains  are  rugged,  consisting  of  limestone, 
overlying  slate,  and  other  Silurian  rocks,  which  appear  in 
the  summits  of  Libanus ;  but  at  their  bases  are  manv  fer- 
tile tracts,  in  the  basins  of  small  rivers,  and  here  are  sev- 
eral plains  of  high  fertility,  as  those  of  Haooran  in  the  E., 
Antioch  and  Aleppo  in  the  N.,  Esdraelon  and  Sharon  in 
the  S.  In  the  S.  and  E.,  granite,  gneiss,  and  dolomite 
mountains  skirt  the  volcanic  region  of  the  Dead  Sea,  which 
is  entered  by  the  river  Jordan ;  besides  which,  the  chief 
rivers  are  the  Orontes  or  El  Aasy,  the  Litany,  and  the 
Nahr-el-Kebeer,  entering  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  Bar- 
rada,  which  waters  Damascus.  The  principal  lakes  are  the 
Dead  Sea,  Tiberias,  and  Bahr-el-Hooleh,  in  the  valley  of 
the  Jordan ;  with  some  smaller  lakes  or  marshes  near  Da- 
mascus and  Antioch.  The  surface  being  very  uneven,  the 
climate  and  products  vary  greatly  within  short  distances. 
Along  the  coasts,  and  in  the  valley  of  the  Jordan,  the  heat 
is  great,  and  the  orange,  banana,  and  date  flourish,  while 
the  summits  of  the  mountains  are  seen  covered  with  snow. 
In  the  N.,  and  on  the  elevated  plain  E.  of  the  mountains, 
the  climate  is  colder ;  but  at  Aleppo  frosts  are  seldom  severe, 
and  snow  rarely  lies  on  the  ground  for  more  than  a  day  at 
a  time.  The  corn  is  ripe  early  in  May,  and  from  June  to 
September  summer  heats  previvil,  unbroken  by  any  rain, 
though  tempered  in  the  W.  by  sea-breezes.  The  tamiel,  a 
wind  like  the  simoom  of  the  desert,  sometimes  occurs  at 
this  season,  and  shocks  of  earthquake  are  frequent.  There 
arfr  heavy  rains  in  spring  and  autumn,  and  the  trees  fre- 
quently retain  their  foliage  till  the  beginning  of  December. 
Wheat,  barley,  maize,  millet,  lentils,  and  sesamum  are 
raised  in  the  plains,  principally  in  the  Haooran,  which  has 
always  been  considered  the  granary  of  Syria.  Cotton  and 
the  mulberry  flourish  on  the  coast,  and  silk  is  extensively 
produced  on  the  slopes  of  Lebanon.  Other  chief  products 
are  sheep's  wool,  olive  oil,  sugar,  indigo,  scammony  and 
other  gums,  safflower,  dates,  timber,  hides,  and  skins.  The 
wild  animals  include  the  buffalo,  hyena,  and  jackal;  the 
camel  and  mule  are  employed  as  beasts  of  burden  ;  horses 
are  small,  but  strong  and  active.  Sheep  and  live-stock 
form,  as  in  ancient  times,  a  chief  part  of  the  wealth 
of  the  inhabitants ;  and,  all  merchandise  being  con- 
veyed on  the  backs  of  animals,  it  is  estimated  that  the 
transit  trade  employs  80,000  beasts  and  about  30,000  drivers. 
About  10,000  pounds  of  sponge,  fished  on  the  coast,  are 
sent  annually  to  the  ports  of  the  Mediterranean.  Damascus 
had,  till  1860,  many  looms  employed  in  the  manufacture 
of  silks,  and  the  same  manufacture  is  carried  on  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  in  Aleppo  and  Beyroot.  Cotton  and  some 
woollen  fabrics,  shawls,  and  gold  and  silver  thread  stuffs 
are  also  woven  there  and  elsewhere.  Glass,  earthenwares, 
leather,  and  soap  are  made  in  the  above  and  other  towns, 
and  in  Palestine  ecclesiastical  ornaments  are  manufactured 
for  sale.  Commerce  is  greatly  impeded  by  the  want  of 
roads,  those  that  exist  being  mere  mule-  or  camel-tracks. 
The  only  carriage-road  is  that  from  Beyroot  to  Damascus, 
opened  in  1863  ;  a  second  is  being  made  between  Beyroot 
and  Saida.  But  as  Syria  is  on  the  high  route  from  Bagdad, 
Mosul,  and  Erzroom  to  Mecca,  caravans  annually  traverse 
it,  bringing  galls,  indigo,  Mocha  coffee,  skins,  Cashmere 


shawls,  and  other  Indian  manufactures,  also  the  produott 
of  Asia  Minor,  Mesopotamia,  and  Persia,  which  are  ex- 
changed here  for  European  manufactures  and  cochineal. 
Exports,  grain,  seeds,  cotton,  galls,  wool,  madder-root,  gum, 
(fee.  Imports,  cottons,  copper,  iron,  tin,  woollens,  coals,  indigo, 
pepper,  coffee,  apparel,  Ac.  Latakeea,  Tripoli,  Beyroot, 
Caesarea,  and  Jaffa  are  the  principal  seaport  towns.  The 
trade  of  Syria  is  chiefly  conducted  by  Christians,  Jews,  or 
Armenians.  The  Mohammedans  are  most  numerous  in  the 
secondary  towns  and  in  the  rural  districts.  The  Druses,  a 
peculiar  tribe,  are  chiefly  agricultural,  but  partly  occupied 
in  domestic  weaving  and  other  manufactures ;  they  inhabit 
a  part  of  Mount  Lebanon,  where  they  live  under  an  emir 
or  prince  of  their  own  race.  The  Maronites  are  also  a  pe- 
culiar people,  and  have  a  patriarch,  12  bishops,  and  nu- 
merous convents.  The  Metualis  are  Mohammedans  of  the 
Persian  or  Shiah  sect;  and  the  Yezidis  and  some  other 
tribes  are  adherents  of  idolatrous  or  heretical  creeds.  Syria 
proper  is  divided  into  the  vilayets  of  Syria  and  Aleppo  and 
the  districts  of  Beyroot,  Lebanon,  and  Jerusalem;  the  chief 
cities  are  Aleppo,  Damascus,  Beyroot,  Antioch,  Hamah, 
Horns,  Jerusalem,  Nabloos,  Saida,  and  Gaza.  The  great 
majority  of  the  Christian  population  of  Syria  belong  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  church,  or  some  of  its  Eastern  forms,  as 
Maronites,  Greek  Catholics,  Ac.  In  consequence  of  an  out- 
break among  the  Druse  population,  caused  by  religious 
fanaticism  and  political  jealousy  and  ending  in  the  mas- 
sacre of  the  Christians,  a  French  army  occupied  the  country 
from  August  17,  1860,  to  June,  1861.  The  massacre  left 
10,000  orphans  to  be  provided  for.  The  government  is 
conducted  in  the  same  corrupt  and  extortionate  manner  as 
in  the  other  provinces  of  Turkey.  Public  revenue,  derived 
from  taxation  of  every  kind,  is  estimated  at  $2,000,000. 
See  Palestine. 

Syriam,slr're-3,m',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu, 
15  miles  E.  of  Rangoon,  on  a  branch  of  the  Irrawaddy,  in 
its  delta. 

Syrmia,  sir'me-S.,  or  Syrmien,  sfSR'mo-^n,  the  east- 
ernmost county  of  Slavonia,  Austria-Hungary,  between 
the  Danube  and  Drave.  It  gives  title  to  a  bishop.  Capi- 
tal, Vukovar.     Pop.  122,592. 

Syrtis  Minor.     See  Gulp  op  Cases. 

Syrtis  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Gulp  op  Sidra. 

Sysola,  sis-so'li,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.E.  of 
the  government  of  Viatka,  flows  cireuitously  N.N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Vitchegdaafter  a  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Sysseele,  sis'siM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  40  miles  E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1808. 

SytchcAVsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sitchevka. 

Syzran,  siz-rin',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70 
miles  S.  of  Simbeersk,  on  the  Syzran,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Volga.  Pop.  19,443.  It  has  various  factories, 
numerous  churches,  and  public  schools. 

Szabadszallas,  s5h^bod^sS,ri3,sh',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, in  Cuinania,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Kecskemet.    Pop.  6071. 

Szabadka,  Hungary.    See  Theresienstadt. 

Szabolcs,  s5h*boltch',  a  county  of  Hungary,  the  capi- 
tal of  which  is  Nagy  Kallo.  Area,  1890  square  miles. 
Pop.  220,708. 

Szalad,  s3hM6d',  or  Zala,  a  county  of  Hungary,  N.W. 
of  Balatony  Lake,  and  named  from  the  river  Szala,  a  tribu- 
tary to  the  lake.  Capital  town,  Szala-Egorszeg.  (See  Eobrs- 
ZEG.)     Area,  1969  square  miles.     Pop.  333,237. 

Szalt,  silt  or  s'silt  (anc.  Amathua  f),  a  town  of  Syria, 
at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount  Gilead,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Jerusalem. 
It  stands  on  the  declivity  of  a  height  crowned  by  a  fortress, 
and  exports  raisins,  sumach,  and  woven  fabrics.  It  has 
about  500  houses. 

Szamos,  soh^mosh',  a  river  of  Transylvania  and  Han- 
gary,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Great  and  Little  Szamos, 
1 0  miles  N.  of  Szamos-Uj  var,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Theiss 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Kraszna.     Total  course,  200  miles. 

SzamoS'Ujvar,  sSh^mosh'-oo^e-v&n',  or  Armenier- 
stadt,  an-mi'ne-§r-stitt,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Inner  Szolnok,  on  the  Szamos,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Klausen- 
burg.  It  has  a  castle,  and  salt  springs  and  mines  in  its 
vicinity. 

Szamotuly,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Sakter. 

Szanto,  sSn'to,  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Aba  Uj  Var, 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  4142. 

Szany,  s6n,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Oedenburg,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Raab.     Pop.  2374. 

Szarvas,  s5R'v5sh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  B4k^, 
on  the  Koros,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Csongrad.     Pop.  22,446. 

Szas-Regen,  s&s-ri,^ghdn',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co. 
of  Thorad,  on  the  Maros,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Maros-Y^sdr- 
hely.     Pop.  4771. 


SZA 


2576 


TAB 


Szasz-SebeS)  Transylvfinia.     See  MUhlbach. 

SzaszvaroSjSisVi'rosh^  (Ger.  Broos,  bros),  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  in  Saxonland,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Maros,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Karlsburg. 

Szathmar,  s5t*m8,R',  or  Szathmar-Varmegye, 
B8t^m&K'-vaR*m5d'yi\  a  county  in  the  E.  and  S.E.  of  Hun- 
gary." Area,  2258  square  miles.     Pop.  308,883. 

Szathmar-Nemeth,  sSt^miu'-ni^mfit',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  capital  of  the  eo.  of  Szathmar,  on  the  Szamos,  60 
miles  N.B.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  18,353.  It  consists  of  Ne- 
methi  on  the  right  or  N.  bank  and  Szathmar  on  an  island 
in  the  river,  the  latter  fortified.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  col- 
lege, and  a  trade  in  wine  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Szava,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Save. 

Szczuzin,  or  Schtschntschin,  sh'choo'chin\  a  town 
of  Poland,  in  Lomza,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Augustovo.    P.  4457. 

Szeben,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Seben. 

Sze-Chuen,  a  province  of  China.    See  Se-Chuen. 

Szecseny,  si^chfiii',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neo- 
grad,  on  the  Ipoly,  near  Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  3582. 

Szegedin,  slg'M-in^  or  sfig^fid^een',  or  Zegedin,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Csongrad,  on  the 
Theiss,  at  the  influx  of  the  Maros,  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arad. 
Lat.  46°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  10'  E.  Pop.  70,179.  It  is  divided 
into  the  Palanka,  or  central  town,  in  which  the  residences 
of  the  merchants  are  grouped  around  an  old  square  Turkish 
fortress,  the  upper  and  lower  towns,  and  New  Szegedin,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Theiss,  reached  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  It 
has  a  vast  market-place,  numerous  churches,  convents,  high 
schools,  hospitals,  and  a  theatre.  Szegedin  has  many  soap- 
factories,  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  tobacco, 
boat-building  yards,  a  large  export  trade  in  corn,  rape-seed, 
and  tallow,  and  imports  of  Tokay  wines,  timber,  and  manu- 
factured goods  from  Vienna,  Bohemia,  &c.  In  1879  it  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  a  great  flood. 

Szeghaloni)  sfig^6hUom',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
B6kes,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  6410. 

Szegvar,  sigVis',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Cson- 
grad, 80  miles  S.E.'of  Pesth.     Pop.  5611. 

Szekely,  Transylvania.     SeeUnvABHELY. 

Szekely-Keresztur,  si^kii'-ki^rSsHoon',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  on  the  Great  Kokel,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Schass- 
burg.     Pop.  7212. 

Szekler-Land)  a  subdivision  of  Transylvania,  named 
from  the  Szeklers,  a  race  near  kindred  to  the  Magyars. 

Sz^kszard,  or  Szegszard,  s^K^sSRd',  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 00.  of  Tolna,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen,  noted  for 
its  good  wine.     Pop.  9786. 

Szemptz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Wartbero. 

Szenicz,  si^nits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  2710. 

Szenta,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Zenta. 

Szentes,  sfinHSsh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Csongrad, 
near  the  Theiss,  30  miles  N.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  27,015. 

Szent  Gyorgy,  s4nt  d'yoRdj,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Presburg,  at  the  foot  of  a  castle- 
crowned  height.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Prot- 
estant church,  a  college,  and  sulphur  baths. 

Szent  Gyorgy,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Jazygia,  on 
the  Zagy va,  an  affluent  of  the  Theiss,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Jasz- 
Bereny.     Pop.  2740. 

Szent  Janos,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Saint  John. 

Szent  Martony,  Hungary._   See  Martonheqy. 

Szent  Mihaly,  sdnt  mee^hil',  a  village  of  Hungary,  12 
miles  from  Tokay,  with  a  trade  in  agricultural  produce. 
Pop.  4785. 


Szent  Mihaly,  O,  o  sfint  mee^hll',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Temes,  on  the  Bega  Canal,  E.N.E.  of  Temesvar. 
Pop.  2130. 

Szent  Miklos.    See  Gtergyo-Szent-Miklos. 

Szent  Miklos,  s5nt  mee'klosh^,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Stuhlweissenburg,  12  miles  from  Foldvar. 

Szent  Miklos,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  Liptau, 
on  the  Waag,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Neusohl.  Pop.  2179.  It* 
has  a  church,  a  synagogue,  breweries,  and  salt-refineries. 

Szent  Miklos  Bar,  sdnt  mee'klosh^  baR,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  Hither  Danube,  co.  and  32  miles  N.  of  Presburg, 
on  the  Miava.     Pop.  2388. 

Szent  Miklos  Kun.    See  Kun-Szent-Miklos. 

Szent  Miklos,  Nagy,  nodj  sfint  mee'klosh^  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  in  Thither  Danube,  co.  of  Torontal,  35 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Arad,  on  the  Maros.  It  contains  a  Roman 
Catholic  and  a  Greek  non-united  parish  church  and  & 
practico-economical  industrial  school.     Pop.  9750. 

Szent  Miklos  Sziget,  sSnt  mee'klosh^  sig'dt\  a  vil- 
lage of  Hungary,  4  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  an  island  formed 
by  the  left  arm  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  2187. 

Szent  Miklos  Torok,  sSnt  mee'klosh^  tbVok',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Heves,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Debreczin.  Pop. 
10,437. 

Szent  Peter,  s8nt  pi'tSr,  a  market-town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Borsod,  on  the  Sajo,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Miskoloz. 
Pop.  2730. 

Szeny,  a  town  of  Croatia.     See  Zengq. 

Szepsi,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Moldau. 

Szered,  si*r5d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Presburg, 
on  the  Waag,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Presburg  by  railway.  It 
has  a  castle  of  Prince  Esterhazy.     Pop.  3434. 

Szesznppe,  sh^-shoop'pi,  a  river  of  Poland  and  Prus- 
sia, joins  the  Niemen  6  miles  E.  of  Ragnit,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  140  miles.     Principal  affluent,  the  Schirwind. 

Szigeth,  see'ghit^  (sometimes  written  Ziget),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Marmaros,  on  the  Theiss, 
90  miles  N.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop.  8833.  Near  it  are  salt- 
mines. 

Szigetvar,  see^ghStVS.R',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
SUmegh,  21  miles  W.  of  Fiinfkirchen.     Pop.  4703. 

Szivacz,  see'vit8\  united  villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  6900. 

Szmygiel,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Schmiegel. 

Szoboszlo,  so*bos'slo\  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Haiduck  district,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Debreczin.     P.  13,800. 

Szolna,  sol'nSh^  or  Zsolna  (Ger.  Sillein,  sil'line),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Trentschin,  on 
the  Waag.     Pop.  2870. 

Szolnok,  soPnok',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  on  the  Theiss,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pesth.     P.  15,847. 

Szolnok,  Inner  and  Middle,  two  counties  of  Tran- 
sylvania, watered  by  the  Szamos  and  its  affluents. 

Szombathely,  Hungary.     See  Stein-am-Anger. 

Szomolnok,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Schmolnitz. 

Szrem,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schrimm. 

Szroda,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schroda. 

Sztanicsics,  sti^nee^chitoh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Bacs,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  5731. 

Sztapar,  stoh^pA.R'  (?),  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Bacs,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  3100. 

Szubin,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schubin. 

Szurul,  soo^rool',  the  highest  mountain  of  the  Lower 
Carpathians,  between  Transylvania  and  Wallachia,  near 
the  Rothenthurm  Pass.     Height,  7547  feet. 

Szwabenicze,  Moravia.    See  Schwabenitz. 


T. 


Taas,  Taes,  or  Taez,  t&z  or  t|s,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
in  Yemen,  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Moclia.  It  has  numerous 
mosques. 

Taasinge,  to'sing^gh^h,  written  also  Thorsenge, 
an  island  of  Denmark,  immediately  S.  of  Funen.  Area,  27 
square  miles.  Pop.  4360.  Surface  undulating  and  highly 
fertile.     On  its  W.  side  is  the  village  of  Trbense. 

Tab,  tib,  called  also  Zohreh  and  Zoreth  (anc.  Oroa'- 
tu  f  or  Aro'tia  f),  a  river  of  Persia,  separates  the  provinces 


of  Fars  and  Khoozistan,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  160 
miles,  enters  the  Persian  Gulf  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Tabarca,  ti-baR'ki,  Nueva  Tabarca,  nwi'vi  ti- 
ban'ki,  or  Isia  Plana,  ees'li  pli'ni,  a  small  island  in 
the  Mediterranean  Sea,  coast  of  Spain,  5  miles  S.  of  Ali- 
cante, lat.  38°  9'  N.,  Ion.  0°  30'  W.,  about  li  miles  in 
length,  and  5  furlongs  in  breadth.     Pop.  500. 

Tabareeyeh,  or  Tabariyeh,  tib'i-ree'ya,  written 
also  Tabaria  (anc.   Tibe'riae),  a  town  ol    Palestine,  27 


TAB 


2577 


TAB 


miles  E.S.E.  of  Acre,  on  the  W,  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Tibe- 
rias. It  is  seated  on  a  narrow  strip  of  unduhvting  land, 
between  the  lake  and  a  mountain-knot  connected  with 
Tabor,  and  it  is  enclosed  landward  by  a  strong  wall  flanked 
with  towers.  The  principal  edifice  is  a  castle  at  its  N.W. 
extremity.  Near  it  are  some  hot  baths,  adjacent  to  which 
is  a  palace  erected  in  1833  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  during  the 
Egyptian  occupation  of  Syria.    See  Lake  op  Tabaueeyeh. 

Tabas,  ti'bis^  or  Tnbbus,  tub^btis'  (anc.  Tabse),  a> 
town  of  Persia,  province  and  155  miles  N.E.  of  Yezd.  Its 
interior  is  a  mass  of  ruinous  huts,  inhabited  by  100  families. 

Tabasco,  ti-sis'ko,  or  Gr^jota,  gre-Ho'ti,  a  river 
cf  Mexico,  states  of  Chiapa  and  Tabasco,  after  a  N.  course 
of  250  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  lat.  18°  35'  N., 
Ion.  92°  37'  W.  Affluents,  thoUsumasinta,  Chilapa,  Chila- 
pilla,  and  Tabasquillo.  At  San  Juan  Bautista  its  arm  the 
Chiltepec  proceeds  direct  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  it  is 
navigable  for  70  or  80  leagues  above  that  town. 

Tabasco,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  E.  by  Campeachy,  S.  by  Chiapa,  S.W. 
by  Oajaca,  and  N.W.  by  Vera  Cruz.  It  extends  from  lat. 
17°  to  18°  40'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  91°  20'  to  94°  40'  W. 
Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  measured  on  the  parallel  of  18°  N., 
about  200  miles;  mean  breadth,  about  60  miles.  Area, 
11,846  square  miles.  It  has  a  long  extent  of  coast-line,  con- 
taining among  other  remarkable  indentations  that  of  the 
large  Laguna  de  Terminos  on  the  N.E.,  with  its  beautiful 
islands  of  Laguna,  Carmen,  and  Puerto- Real,  The  surface 
consists  almost  entirely  of  a  great  flat,  sloping  gradually  to 
the  sea,  but  in  many  parts  so  low  as  to  be  subject  to  inun- 
dations, which  often  isolate  its  villages  and  leave  no  means 
of  communication  except  by  canoes.  The  streams,  though 
numerous,  are  short  and  shallow,  and  generally  obstructed  at 
their  mouths  by  bars  and  flats.  The  more  important  are  the 
Usumasinta  and  Tabasco,  which  converge  and  have  a  com- 
mon outlet;  the  Chiltepec,  the  Santa  Ana,  remarkable  for 
the  size  of  its  estuary,  the  Tonala,  the  Uspanapan,  and  the 
Quachapa  or  Paso,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Tab.asco  and  Vera  Cruz.  The  climate  is  excessively  hot,  and 
very  unhealthy.  A  large  portion  of  the  state  is  still  cov- 
ered with  primeval  forests  of  oak,  cedar,  mahogany,  and 
ironwood,  with  occasional  spaces  in  which  indigo  and  vanilla 
are  found.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  products  com- 
prise maize,  excellent  sugar-cane  and  cacao,  timber,  and 
dyewoods  of  superior  quality ;  coffee  and  cotton  thrive. 
The  principal  exports  are  logwood  and  cacao.  The  streams 
abound  with  fish,  and  the  bees  of  the  forests  yield  large 
supplies  of  honey  and  wax.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
Indians.  Principal  towns,  San  Juan  Bautista  and  Frontera. 
Pop.  (1882)  104,747. 

Tabasquillo,  ti-Bis-keel'yo  (the  "Little  Tabasco"), 
a  river  of  Mexico,  joins  the  Tabasco  from  the  W.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Frontera.     Its  banks  are  lined  with  fine  timber. 

Tabatinga,  ti-bi-tin'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Pe- 
ruvian frontier,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Amazon,  near  lat. 
4°  35'  S.,  Ion.  70°  20'  W.,  with  a  fort,  government  build- 
ings, and  barracks. 

Taberg,  ti'bSRg,  a  mountain  of  Sweden,  10  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jonkoping.     Height,  1129  feet. 

Ta'berg,  a  post-village  in  Annsville  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Fish  Creek,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utica,  2  miles 
N.  of  Taberg  Station,  which  is  at  Blossville,  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  furnace,  a  cotton-mill,  and  other  mills. 

Tabernacle,  tab'^r-na-k^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Shamong  township,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Camden,  and  10  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Shamong  Station  of 
the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Tabernacle,  township,  Randolph  oo.,  N.C.    P.  1296. 

Tabernacle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Tabernacle,  township,  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C.  Pop.  355. 

Tabernacle,  a  hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  about  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tabernas,  tl-sSR'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.  It  has  coal-,  lead-,  and  iron- 
mines  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  4549. 

Tabernas  de  Yalldigna,  ti-BaB'nis  di  val-deeg'- 

n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  5771. 

j-     Ta'bertown,  a  township  of  Cass  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  447. 

I     Ta'berville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 

Osage  River,  about  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  a 

grist-mill.     Pop.  160. 

Tablas,  ti'BlAs  (?),  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Mindoro.  Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  3 
miles.     Lat.  12°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  18'  E. 

Tablat,  td,'bl&t  or  t&'bl&',  called  also  Sanct  Fiden, 


s&nkt  fee'd^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  cantos 
and  within  1  mile  of  St.  Gall. 

Table  (ta'b'l)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  Green  Point  being  in 
lat.  33°  53'  12"  S.,  Ion.  18°  24'  30"  E.  Breadth  of  en- 
trance, about  6  miles.  Cape  Town  is  on  its  S.  shore,  at  the 
back  of  which  is  the  conspicuous  Table  Mountain.  The 
bay  is  capable  of  sheltering  the  largest  fleet,  and,  except 
from  June  to  August,  always  affords  secure  anchorage.  It 
is  defended  by  several  forts,  and  has  a  light-house  near  ita 
W.  extremity. 

Table  Blnfi*,  a  post-township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal 
Pop.  408. 

Table  Cape,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  Table. 

Table  Grove,  Fulton  co..  111.    See  Laurel  Hill. 

Table  Mound,  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1137. 

Table  Mountain,  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  between 
the  rivers  Avoca  and  Slaney.     Height,  2312  feet. 

Table  Mountain,  a  remarkable  mountain  of  South 
Africa,  Cape  Colony  and  district,  immediately  S.  of  Cape 
Town  and  Table  Bay.  Height,  3816  feet.  It  is  of  primitive 
formation,  owes  its  name  to  its  peculiar  shape  and  flattened 
summit,  and  is  often  seen  covered  with  a  white  cloud, 
named  the  "  Table-cloth." 

Table  Mountain,  Marin  co.,  California,  called  also 
Tamel  Pais  or  Tamal  Pais,  is  a  few  miles  N.W.  of  the 
Golden  Gate.     Its  altitude  is  about  2600  feet. 

Table  Mountain,  Tuolumne  co.,  California,  is  a  flat- 
topped  mountain  of  basalt  or  lava.  It  is  about  30  miles 
long  and  2000  feet  high,  and  has  perpendicular  sides. 

Table  Mountain,  South  Carolina,  is  a  natural  curi- 
osity and  place  of  resort  in  Pickens  co.  It  is  said  to  be 
4000  feet  high,  and  has  on  one  side  a  perpendicular  face 
nearly  llOO  feet  high. 

Table  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C, 
near  a  mountain  of  th'e  same  name,  10  miles  W.  of  Easley 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Table  Rock,  Sierra  co.,  Cal.    See  Howland  Flat. 

Table  Rock,  a  township  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.  P.  327. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-oflfice  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Big  Nemaha  River  and  the  Atchison  <&  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 63  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln,  and  6  or  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Pawnee  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  money-order 
post-office. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  N.C,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Morganton. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  6  milno 
N.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-ofSce  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Table  Rock,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
70  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Tabo,  tah'bo,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo., 
about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lexington. 

Taboa,  ti-bo'i,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the 
Mondego,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  2571. 

Taboa^o,  ti-bo-i'so,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  15 
miles  E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1282. 

Taboga,  ti-bo'gi,  an  islet  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  10  miles  S.  of  Panama. 

Taboguilla,  ti-Bo-gheel'yS.,  an  island  of  the  Bay  of 
Panama,  1^  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Taboga. 

Tabon,  ti-b5n',  an  island  of  Chili,  off"  the  N.E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Chiloe,  about  lat.  42°  S.,  Ion.  73°  10'  W. 

Taboose,  ta-boos',  a  post-oflfice  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

Tabor,  ti'bor  (Bohemian,  Chomow,  Ko'mov),  a  walled 
town  of  Bohemia,  capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  Luschnitz,  an 
affluent  of  the  Moldau,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Prague.  Pop. 
6717.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens  and  paper- 
hangings.  It  was  founded  by  the  Hussites,  a  sect  of  whom 
derive  from  the  name  of  this  town  the  appellation  of  Ta- 
borists. 

Ta'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Munoie. 

Tabor,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township,  Fremont  co., 
Iowa,  9  miles  by  rail  S,  of  Malvern,  and  about  32  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Omaha,  Neb,  Here  is  Tabor  College  (Congrega- 
tional), organized  in  1866  and  open  to  both  sexes.  Tabor 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflice,  Ao.    Pop.  about  600. 

Tabor,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  Morristown,  and  near  Denville. 

Tabor,  a  station  of  the  New  York  division  of  the 
Reading  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  the  terminal  station  in 
Philadelphia. 

Tabor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  co.,  Wis,,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Tabor,  Mount,  Palestine.    See  Mount  Tabob 


r.y}^ 


TAB 


2578 


TAP 


f^' 


x-'Tabreez,  or  Tabriz,  ti^breez',  Tuitten  also  Tanris 
**and  Tebriz  (anc.  Gaz'aca),  a  city  o'  North  Persia,  oapi- 
^ ,- :,''  tal  of  the  province  of  Azerbaijan,  in  a  plain,  on  a  river  flow- 
ip  ing  into  the  Lake  of  Ooroomeeyah.  L»t.  38°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  46° 
v*  ,„  ^2'  E.  Estimated  pop.  175,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
,.iUnong  forests,  and  is  about  3i  miles  in  circumference,  en- 
,  ^  ^  closed  by  a  brick  wall,  and  entered  by  7  gates,  outside  of 
\  \  which  are  large  suburbs  and  fine  gardens,  said  to  occupy  30 
^Y  miles  in  circuit.  The  town  is  miserably  built,  and,  except 
_^  its  citadel  and  the  fine  remains  of  a  mosque,  it  has  no  edi- 
fice worthy  of  notice ;  but  its  bazaars  and  caravansaries  are 
extensive,  and  it  is  an  important  entrep6t  of  the  trade  be- 
tween Persia,  India,  Russia,  Constantinople,. and  the  Black 
Sea.     It  is  also  the  seat  of  some  manufactures  of  silk  stuffs. 

Tabria,  ti-bree'i,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  in  Nyff'g,  80 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Katunga.     Pop.  about  18,000. 

Tabusintac,  tab^u-sin'tak,  a  post-village  and  settle- 
ment in  Northumberland  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tabusintac  River,  35 
miles  from  Chatham.     Pop.  400. 

Tacaleeche,  tah^ka-lee'che,  a  post-ofiice  of  Benton 
CO.,  Miss. 

Tacaloa,  tk-kk-Wk,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Magdalena,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cauca 
and  Magdalena,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mompox. 

Tacames,  a  seaport  of  Ecuador.     See  Atacames. 

Tacanova,  Feejee  Archipelago.     See  Pago. 

Tacape,  or  Tacapa.    See  Oabes. 

Tacarigua,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  of  Valencia. 

Tacaronte,  ti-ki-ron'ti,  a  village  of  the  Canaries, 
in  Teneriffe,  3  miles  from  San  Cristoval  de  la  Laguna. 

Tacazze,  or  Takazze,  ti-kit'si,  written  also  Ta- 
katse,  Takatsy,  and  Tecazze,  a  river  of  Abyssinia, 
state  of  Tigre,  rises  near  lat.  12°  N.,  lorf.  39°  30'  E.,  flows 
N.W.,  and  near  lat.  14°  40'  N.,  Ion.  36°  E.,  receives  the 
Atbara,  which  name  it  afterwards  assumes  to  its  junction 
with  the  Nile  at  Ed-Damer. 

Tachau,  ti'Kow,  written  also  Taschow  or  Ta- 
chow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  W.  of  Pilsen.  Pop. 
4111.  It  has  iron-forges,  and  the  oldest  glass-works  in 
Bohemia. 

Taclagur,  t3,kM4-gur',  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Nepaul, 
among  the  Himalaj'as,  about  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  Garoo. 
Lat.  30°  24' N. ;  Ion.  81°  6' E.  It  is  a  mart  for  wax,  borax, 
wool,  cloth,  gold,  tea,  Ac. 

Tacloban,  ti-klo-bin',  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on 
the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Leyte,  at  the  S.E.  entrance 
of  the  Straits  of  San  Juanioo. 

Tacna,  tkk'nk,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Tacna,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  1700  feet  above 
the  ocean,  40  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Arica,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  river  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  18°  0'  S. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  W. 
Pop.  12,650.     The  province  of  Tacna  has  a  pop.  of  29,531. 

Taco,  ti'ko,  or  Tah'co,  a  river  of  British  America, 
reaches  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  on  the  coast  of  Alaska, 
opposite  Admiralty  Island.  Lat.  57°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  133°  37' 
W.     It  rises  in  a  large  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Tacoma,  ta-ko'mah,  a  city  and  seaport  of  the  state  of 
Washington,  and  the  capital  of  Pierce  co.,  is  situated  at 
the  head  of  navigation  on  Puget  Sound,  about  100  miles 
from  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  the  western  terminus  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  also  the  port  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Steamship  Company,  making  direct  connections  with 
China  and  Japan.  Tacoma  has  67  churches,  17  public 
schools,  a  boys'  college,  a  ladies'  seminary,  20  banks,  2 
theatres,  fine  hotels,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Methodist  univer- 
sity. Three  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Its  manufacturing  appliances  consist  of  saw-mills, 
shingle-mills,  woollen-mills,  flour-mills,  a  dry  dock,  a 
smelter,  and  car-shops  whicb  cost  $1,250,000, — the  capital 
invested  in  these  enterprises  in  1893  aggregating  $9,215,- 
600,  and  the  output  $10,426,500.  The  jobbing  trade  in 
1893  was  $15,164,000.  Tacoma  has  superior  facilities  for 
transacting  and  handling  shipping  business.  The  docks 
and  wharves  in  front  of  the  city  are  nearly  2i  miles  in  ex- 
tent, and  ships  load  here  With  wheat,  lumber,  and  coal  for 
all  parts  of  the  world.  Pop.  in  1880,  1098 ;  in  1890,  36,006 ; 
estimated  population  in  1894,  50,000. 

Ta^con'ic,  or  Ta^ghan'ic,  a  mountain-ridge  in  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  and  Bennington  co.,  Vt.  Some  writers 
treat  it  as  a  branch  or  continuation  of  the  Green  Moun- 
tains. It  extends  in  a  nearly  N.  and  S.  direction,  and  is 
formed  partly  of  slate  and  limestone.  Its  highest  peaks  are 
Equinox  Mountain,  in  Vermont  (3872  feet),  and  Greylock, 
in  Massachusetts,  3505  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Tacony,  t%-ko'ne,  a  post-oflBce  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Philtulelphia  post-office.     It  is  on  the 


Delaware  River,  at  Tacony  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  (New  York  division),  12^  miles  from  Broad 
Street  Station  in  Philadelphia. 

Tacony  Creek,  or  Frank'ford  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania,  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  runs  southward  through 
Philadelphia  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  about  1 
mile  below  Frankford. 

Tacora,  ik-ko'rk,  a  mountain  of  Bolivia,  department 
of  La  Paz,  in  the  West  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  near  lat. 
17°  10'  S.,  Ion.  70°  W.,  and  rising  18,890  feet  above  the 
ocean.  The  village  of  Tacora,  13,690  feet  in  elevation,  it 
at  the  S.W.  base  of  Mount  Chipicani. 

Tacoronte,  a  village  of  Teneriffe.    See  Tacaronte. 

Tacnba,  ti-koo'si,  a  town  of  Mexico,  about  5  mile? 
N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.     Pop.  2500. 

Tacubaya,  ti-koo-Bi'4,  a  small  town  of  Mexico, 
about  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Tacunga,  ti-koong'g&,  or  La  Tacunga,  li  tJL- 
koong'gi,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  between  the  cordilleras  of 
the  Andes,  55  miles  S.  of  Quito.      Pop.  15,000. 

Tacu'sah,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.     P.  1182. 

Tacutu,  ti-koo-too',  a  river  in  South  America,  rises  in 
the  N.E.  of  Brazilian  Guiana,  flows  first  N.,  then  S.W.,  and 
joins  the  Rio  Branco  at  Fort  Sao  Joachim.  Length,  150 
miles. 

Tad'caster  (anc.  Calaria  T),  a  town  of  England,  co. 
and  ainsty  of  York,  on  the  Wharfe,  and  on  a  railway,  9 
miles  S.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  several  chapels,  a 
grammar-school,  and  an  almshouse.     Pop.  2443. 

Tadjiks,  a  people  of  Asia.     See  Taujiks. 

Tadjurah,  a  seaport  of  Africa.     See  Tajoorah. 

Tadmor,  a  ruined  city  of  Syria.     See  Palmyra. 

Tad'mor,  or  Tad'mer,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River  and  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2 
warehouses  for  grain. 

Tadousac,  ti-doo-sSk',  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Saguenay,  situated  at 
the  E.  entrance  of  the  Saguenay  River,  5  miles  above  its 
confluence  with  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  miles  from  RiviSre 
du  Loup,  and  130  miles  from  Quebec.  It  has  a  good  hotel 
and  a  number  of  handsome  villas,  and  is  much  frequented 
by  tourists  and  health-seekers  during  the  summer  months. 
It  was  at  an  early  period  the  capital  of  the  French  settle- 
ments, and  for  a  long  time  was  one  of  the  chief  fur-trading- 
posts.  Tadousac  contains  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and 
has  a  large  lumber-trade.  Salmon  and  other  fish  are  plen- 
tiful in  the  waters  here.     Pop.  765. 

Tadvan,  tid-v&n',  a  village  of  Turkish  Armenia,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Lake  Van,  an  inlet  of  which  is  called  the 
Bay  of  Tadvan. 

Tae-Chow-Foo,  China.    See  Tai-Chow-Foo. 

Tae-Shan,  or  Tai-Chan,  China.    See  Tai-Shan. 

Taez,  or  Taes,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Taas. 

Taf,  or  Taff,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  rises 
in  the  mountains  of  Brecon  by  two  branches  which  unite 
near  Merthyr-Tydvil,  and  flows  S.E.  to  the  estuary  of  the 
Severn,  which  it  enters  a  little  S.W.  of  Cardiff.  Length, 
40  miles.  The  Taffvale  Railway  accompanies  it  through- 
out the  CO.  of  Glamorgan. 

Tafalla,  ti-fil'yj,  (anc.  TuhaUaf),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Navarre,  22  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.  It  has  a  ruined 
palace  of  the  kings  of  Navarre.     Pop.  5213. 

Tafelneh,  ti-fSl'n^h,  written  also  Tafelane  and  Te- 
felneh,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of  Morocco,  30  miles  S. 
of  Mogadore.     Pop.  3000. 

Taff,  a  river  of  Wales.     See  Tap. 

Tatfoeri,  ta.f-foo'ree  (?),  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, between  Celebes  and  Gilolo.  Lat.  1°  N.;  Ion.  126° 
10'  E. 

Tafilet,  ti-fe-lSt',  or  Tafilelt,  ti-fe-lSlt',  written  also 
Tafillelt,  t3.-fe-151t',  one  of  the  great  subdivisions  of 
the  empire  of  Morocco,  E.  of  Mount  Atlas.  Soil  very  fer- 
tile. It  is  used  as  a  place  of  banishment  for  political 
offenders.  The  town  of  Tafilet  is  near  lat.  31°  45'  N.,  Ion. 
4°  3'  W.,  and  near  here  is  the  village  of  Ressant,  where 
the  governor  of  the  province  resides. 

Taft,  tift,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  and  55  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Yezd.  Pop.  6000,  who  manufacture  carpets 
which  have  a  high  repute. 

Tafton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  S.  of 
Hawley,  and  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scranton. 

Tafts'ville,  a  post-village  in  Woodstock  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Quechee  River  and  the  Woodstock 
Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Woodstock,  and  about  28  miles  E.  ol 
Rutland.     It  has  manufactures  of  axes,  scythes,  Ac. 

Taft'viiie,  a  post-village  in  Norwich  township.  New 


TAF 


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I 


London  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Shetucket  River,  4  miles  N.N.E, 
of  Norwich, 

Tafyl6,  t&-fe-Ii',  a  village  of  Arabia  Petrsea,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

Tagai,  ti-ghi'  (or  Souvarov,  soo-vi-rov')  Isles  are 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  11°  5'  N.,  Ion.  169°  46'  E. 

Tagal,  ti-Hir,  or  Tegal,  t§h-H4l',  a  Dutch  residency 
of  the  island  of  Java.  Pop.  891,509.  It  has  iron-forges, 
and  1900  of  its  population  are  employed  in  fishing. 

Tagal,  a  small  town  and  seaport  of  the  island  of  Java, 
capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  168  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Batavia.     Lat.  6°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  109°  12'  E.     Pop.  7000. 

Taganrog)  ti-g4n-rog',  or  Taganroch,  ti-gin- 
r5H',  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Yekaterino- 
elav,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Azof,  65  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Novo-Cherkask,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Don.  Lat. 
47°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  .38°  57'  E.  Pop.  48,186.  Its  port,  founded 
by  Peter  the  Great,  is  shallow ;  but  the  town  is  the  termi- 
nus of  two  lines  of  railway  and  has  an  active  commerce. 

Tag'gart's,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fair- 
land,  Franklin  &  Martinsville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Mar- 
tinsville. 

Taggia,  tid'ji,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Porto 
.Maurizio,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Remo.  It  is  an  ancient 
[)lace.  Taggia  suffered  much  by  an  earthquake  in  1831. 
Pop.  3674. 

TaghaniCj  Massachusetts.    See  Taconic. 

Taghanuck  Falls,  N.Y.    See  Taughannock  Falls. 

Taghkanick,  or  Taghanic,  t5k'h6n-ik,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its  own 
name,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1401.  ^1^ 

Taghmon,  tih'm9n,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  7i 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wexford.     Pop.  251. 

Tagil,  ti-ghil',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  on  the  E.  slope 
of  the  Ural  Mountains,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yekaterin- 
boorg,  flows  first  N.,  then  E.N.E.,  and,  after  a  very  wind- 
ing course  of  nearly  200  miles,  joins  the  Toora  on  the  right. 

Tagkhannuck  Mountains.    See  Taconic. 

Tagliacozzo,  til-yi-kot'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Aquila,  on  the  Ismele,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aquila.  Pop. 
3127.  Near  it,  in  1268,  Charles  of  Anj,ou  defeated  Conra- 
din  and  put  an  end  to  the  rule  of  the  HohenstauflFen 
dynasty  in  Italy. 

Tagliamento,  til-yi-mSn'to  (anc.  Tilavemp'tus),  a 
river  of  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps,  and,  after  an  E.  and  S. 
course  of  100  miles  past  Latisana,  where  it  becomes  navi- 
gable, enters  the  Adriatic  Sea  at  Porto  Tagliamento,  near 
its  N.  extremity. 

Tagodast,  ti-go-dist',  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the  W. 
of  Mount  Atlas,  98  miles  N.E.  of  Morocco.     Pop.  7000. 

Tagolanda,  ti-go-lin'di,  a  small  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  about  50  miles  from  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Celebes.     Lat.  2°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  36'  E. 

Tagomago,  ti-go-mi'go,  an  islet  of  the  Balearic 
group,  in  the  Mediterranean,  E.  of  the  island  of  Ivija. 

Ta'gus,  called  also  Tayo,  ti'o  or  ti'yo  (Sp.  Tajo,  th'- 
Ho ;  Port.  Tejo,  ti'zho ;  anc.  Ta'gus),  a  principal  river  of 
the  Iberian  peninsula,  through  the  centre  of  which  it  flows 
from  E.  to  W.,  between  the  basins  of  the  Ebro  and  Douro 
on  the  N.  and  the  Guadiana  on  the  S.  It  rises  on  the 
borders  of  Aragon  and  New  Castile,  in  lat.  40°  38'  N.,  Ion. 
1°  35'  W.,  and  flows  W.S.W.  in  Spain,  through  New  Castile 
and  Estremadura,  and  in  Portugal  between  the  province 
of  Beira  and  Alemtejo,  and  through  Estremadura,  to  the  At- 
lantic, which  it  enters  at  Belem,  2  miles  below  Lisbon.  Total 
estimated  length,  540  miles.  Chief*  affluents,  the  Jarama, 
Alberche,  Alagon,  and  Zezere,  from  the  N.,  and  the  Rio  del 
Monte  and  Salor,  from  the  S.  It  has  steep  banks,  an  im- 
petuous current,  and  flows  mostly  through  an  arid  country. 
Its  uses  for  commerce  are  at  present  much  restricted,  it 
being  navigable  only  to  Abrantes,  though  attempts  have 
been  made  to  extend  the  navigation  to  Toledo. 

Tahal,  ti-S,!',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1129. 

Tahate,  td.-h&'ti,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  and  in 
a  beautiful  valley,  9  miles  from  Zebeed. 

Tahawus,  ta-haw'us,  a  post-ofiice  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Sanford,  about  33  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Port  Henry.  Here  are  some  iron-works.  See  also  Mount 
Marcy. 

Tahco,  British  America.     See  Taco. 

Tahiti,  ti-hee'tee,  formerly  written  Otaheite,  a  beau- 
tiful island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  being  the  principal  of  the 
Society  Islands.  Lat.  17°  29'  S. ;  Ion.  149^  29'  W.  It  is 
about  32  miles  long  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  is  an  elongated 
range  of  highland,  which,  being  interrupted  in  one  part, 


forms  an  isthmus  about  3  miles  broad,  connecting  the  two 
peninsulas, — the  larger,  Tahiti  proper,  and  the  smaller 
named  Tairaboo.  The  land  rises  to  a  very  considerable 
height  on  both  extremities  of  the  island,  the  highest  sum- 
mit being  8500  feet  above  sea-level.  The  fertile  portion  of 
Tahiti  lies  in  the  valleys.  These  produce  tropical  plants  in 
great  abundance  and  luxuriance,  such  as  the  bread-fruit, 
vi-apple,  orange,  and  cocoa-nut  trees.  The  cottages  of  the 
inhabitants  are  of  an  oval  form,  usually  about  50  or  60  feet 
long  and  20  feet  broad,  the  walls  formed  of  bamboos,  the 
floor  of  natural  earth.  The  natives  are  a  good-humored, 
gay,  and  cheerful  people,  and  are  honest  and  obliging. 
They  have  been  converted  to  Christianity  by  the  labors  of 
missionaries,  and  there  are  now  few  of  them  who  cannot 
both  read  and  write.  The  island  forms  part  of  a  native 
sovereignty  under  French  control.  Capital,  Pap6iti.  Chief 
exports,  cotton,  sugar,  cocoa-nut  oil,  and  arrowroot.  Tahiti 
was  discovered  in  1606  by  the  Spaniard  Quiros,  and  after- 
wards visited  by  Wallis,  Bougainville,  and  Cook.  Pop.  9070. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Tahitian,  ti-hee'te-an. 

Tahlequah,  tah-le-kwah',  or  TaPequah',  a  post- 
town,  the  capital  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory, 
is  near  the  Illinois  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Fort  Gibson  Sta- 
tion, and  about  80  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  con- 
tains the  national  treasury,  5  churches,  male  and  female 
colleges,  2  missionary  schools,  public  schools  for  the  chil- 
dren of  the  Cherokee  and  the  colored  citizens  (supported 
by  the  Cherokee  nation),  and  4  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
about  1200. 

Tahoe,  ti-ho',  a  lake  of  California,  at  the  E.  base  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  10  miles  S.  of  the  Pacific  Railroad. 
It  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  and 
I)ouglas  and  Ormsby  cos.  of  Nevada,  and  is  about  20  miles 
long  and  12  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  said  to  be  6250 
feet  higher  than  the  sea.  This  lake  is  environed  by  scenery 
of  exquisite  beauty.     Its  outlet  is  the  Truckee  "R^ver.  Ifiir^ 

Tahoe,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Placer  co., 
Cal.,  on  Lake  Tahoe,  15  miles  S.  of  Truckee.  It  has  2  fine 
hotels.     Five  steamboats  navigate  the  lake. 

Tahoora,  or  Tahura,  ti-hoo'ri,  written  also  Kau> 
la,  one  of  the  Hawaii  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.W. 
of  Nihau.     Lat.  21°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  160°  35'  E. 

Tabou-Rawe,  Hawaii  Islands.     See  Kahoolawe. 

Tahquamenaw,  Michigan.    See  Tequamenon. 

Tahta,  or  Tahtah,  t&'ti,  a  town  of  Central  Egypt, 
province  and  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sioot,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Nile.  It  has  several  mosques,  a  government  primary 
school,  and  many  large  mounds,  supposed  to  indicate  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Hesopis. 

Tahuacano  (tah-wa-kah'no)  Creek,  of  Freestone 
CO.,  Tex.,  flows  into  the  Trinity  River  from  the  W. 

Tahuata,  t^-w&'td.,  or  Santa  Chri^stina,  s&n't^ 
kris-tee'ni,  one  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  S.  of  Dominica.  Pop.  301.  Coast  abrupt,  and  soil 
verj'  fertile. 

"Tahura,  Hawaii  Islands.    See  Tahoora. 

Tahuroa,  Hawaii  Islands.     See  Kahoolawe. 

Tai,  tl,  the  name  of  several  towns  of  China. 

Taiabana,  ti-S.-bS,'n3,,  a  village  and  parish  of  Brazil, 
state  and  50  miles  W.  of  Parahiba,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Parahiba.     Pop.  1400. 

Tai-Choo,  or  Tai-Tchou,  trchoo',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Tai-Chow-Foo,  or  Tae-Chow-Foo,  trchSw*- 
foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name.     Lat.  28°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  26'  E. 

Tails  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Taimour  or  Taimur,  Cape.  See  Cape  Taiuook. 
The  peninsula  of  which  this  cape  is  the  terminus  has  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Taimyr. 

Tain,  tin,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Tail)  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Firth  of  Dornoch,  30 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Inverness.  Pop.  2287.  It  has  an 
old  church,  an  ancient  tower,  a  court-house,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  public  reading-room,  various  mills,  an  iron-foun- 
dry, a  brewery,  and  a  considerable  retail  trade.  It  con- 
tributes in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Tain,  t4N»,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lr&me,  on  the  Rhone, 
opposite  Tournon,  and  on  the  railway  from  Lyons  to  Avi- 
gnon. Pop.  2381.  Near  it  excellent  Hermitage  wine  is  pro- 
duced. 

Taint'er,  a  township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  663. 

Taintignes,  t&NoHeen',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  3  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2172. 

Tai-Ouan,  an  island  of  China.     See  Formosa. 

Tai-Pe-Shan,  or  Tai-Pe-Chan,  trpi^shln',  the 
name  of  several  mountains  of  China,  in  tiie  N.  prorince* 


TAI 


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Tai-Ping,  trping',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan- 
Hoei,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Nanliing. 

Tai-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See. 
Lat.  22°  25'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  107°  E.  There  are  other  cities 
of  the  same  name  in  the  provinces  of  Se-Chuen  and  Shan- 
See. 

Tai-Ping-Shan.    See  Typinsan. 

Tairo,  or  Taiara.    See  King's  Island. 

Tai-Shan,  Tae-Shan,or  Tai-Chan,  trshin',  an 
Wand  of  China,  in  the  Chusan  Archipelago.  The  centre  is 
a  densely-peopled  plain,  with  many  villages. 

Tai-Ting,  trting',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment, in  Koei-Choo,  80  miles  W.N.W,  of  Koei-Yang. 

Tai-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.     See  Tai-Choo. 

Fai-Tong,  tlHong',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan- 
Bee,  capital  of  the  department,  near  the  Great  Wall,  175 
miles  W.  of  Peking. 

Taits'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Tai-Wan,  an  island  of  China.     See  Formosa. 

Tai-Wan-  (or  Tai-Ouau-)  Foo,  trwin^foo',  a 
weaty-port,  the  capital  town  of  Formosa,  in  the  China  Sea, 
on  its  W.  coast,  capital  of  a  department,  province  of  Fo- 
Kien.  Lat.  23°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  22'  E.  It  has  2  famous 
temples,  and  was  formerly  the  seat  of  a  Dutch  factory,  but 
its  harbor  is  now  choked  with  sand  and  only  fit  for  vessels 
of  light  draught.  It  has  a  considerable  export  trade.  Pop. 
i0,000.     See  Ampinq. 

Tai-Yuan,  tryoo-in',  written  also  Tai-Yuen  or 
Tay-Yuen,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-See,  on 
the  Fuen-Ho,  an  affluent  of  the  Hoang-Ho,  250  miles  S.AV. 
of  Peking.  It  is  fortified  and  populous,  and  has  a  de- 
cayed palace  which  was  inhabited  by  the  sovereigns  of  the 
last  dynasty;  also  manufactures  of  fine  porcelain,  iron- 
wares, and  carpets.  On  a  neighboring  height  is  a  cemetery 
of  its  princes. 

Tajamulco,  or  Taxamuico,  ti-nl-mool'ko,  a  town 
of  Guatemala,  160  miles  N.W.  of  Quezaltenango,  at  the 
foot  of  the  volcano  of  Tajamulco.     Pop.  2000. 

Tajardi^  tl-jau'dee,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  on  a  river,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lagos. 

Tajo,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Tagus. 

Tajoorah,  or  Tajurrah,  tS.-joo'rS,,  written  also  Tad- 
jurahf  a  seaport  town  of  Northeast  Africa  (see  Adal),  on 
the  Gulf  of  Aden,  N.W.  of  Zeyla.  Lat.  11°  56'  35"  N. ; 
Ion.  43°  0'  20"  E.  Pop.  from  1200  to  1500.  It  consists  of 
about  300  wooden  huts,  with  2  mosques,  and  it  has  an  an- 
chorage adapted  for  large  ships,  but  insecure. 

Taju&a,  ti-HOon'yi,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the 
province  of  Guadalajara,  flows  about  94  miles,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  into  the  Jarama  about  7  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Aranjuez. 

Tak,  or  Tuk,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.  Lat.  32°  14'  N.;  Ion.  70° 
60'  E.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  is  famous  for  its  fruits. 

Tak,  t&k,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  140  miles  S.E. 
of  Khoten. 

Taka,  Wk&,  two  towns  of  Japan,  island  of  Shikoku. 

Takatz,  Takatze,  or  Takazze.    See  Tacazze. 

Takhoma,  Washington.     See  Mount  Rainier. 

Takhtapool,  tik-tl-pool',  a  fortified  town  of  Afghan- 
istan, capital  of  the  province  of  Balkh,  8  miles  E.  of  the 
city  of  Balkh. 

Takhti  Jemshid.    See  Persepolis. 

Takhti  Suleiman.    See  Tukhti  Suleiman. 

Takhwara,  tik-wJL'rS,,  a  town  of  India,  district  of 
Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  6800. 

Ta-Kiang,  ti^ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  in  the  island 
of  Hai-Nan,  enters  the  sea  on  its  N.  coast. 

Ta-Kiang,  a  river-  of  Southern  China.  See  Honq- 
KiANG,  and  Canton  River. 

Ta-Kiang,  China.    See  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Ta-Kien-Leon,  ti^ke-Sn'-lA^on',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen,  on  the  Toong-Po-Ho,  150  miles 
W.S.W.of  Ching-Too-Foo. 

Takinos  (ti^ke-nos')  Lake  (anc.  Cercine?),  a  lake  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  5  miles  S.  of  Seres,  and 
N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Orphano,  Length,  16  miles.  It  receives 
the  river  Anghissa,  and  is  traversed  throughout  by  the 
Kara-Soo.     On  its  W.  side  is  the  village  of  Takinos. 

TakoAV,  ti-kSw',  a  treaty-port  of  China,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Formosa.     Lat.  22°  37'  N. 

Takutu,  ti-koo-too',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near  lat. 
1°  30'  N.,  flows  N.,  then  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Rio  Branco  at 
Fort  Sao  Joachim,  in  lat.  3°  1'  46"  N.  Length,  170  miles. 
The  chief  afliuents  are  the  Mahu  and  Zuruma. 

Tal.  til,  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Afghanistan,  rises  in 


lat.  36°  14'  N.,  Ion.  73°  6'  E.,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a  ooana 
of  120  miles,  joins  the  Lundye. 

Talaban,  t&-l&-BS,n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremti* 
dura,  province  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1684. 

Talacre,  taPd'k^r,  a  small  port  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
on  the  Dee  estuary,  within  IJ  miles  of  Point  of  Ayr.  A 
harbor  and  quay  have  been  erected  here  for  the  export  of 
coal  and  sandstone. 

Talak,  ti^lik',  a  village  of  British  India,  province  and 
68  miles  S.E.  of  Aracan.     Lat.  20°  N. ;  Ion.  93°  33'  E. 

Talaman  (ti-14-min')  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Asia  Minor,  N.W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Makree.  It  re- 
ceives the  Talaman  River  (anc.  Indus  ?),  and  on  its  shores 
are  extensive  mediaeval  remains. 

Talamona,  ti-li-mo'nS.,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Sondrio,  2  miles  E.  of  Morbegno,  on  the  Adda.   P.  2246. 

Talanda,  ti-lin'd&,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia, 
4  miles  N.  of  Lake  Topolias.  Height,  3547  feet.  It  is  also 
called  Mount  Khlomo. 

Talanda,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  7  miles  N. 
of  Mount  Talanda.     Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Opus. 

Talanda  (or  Talauti),  Channel  of.   SeeEuRiPus. 

Talanda,  Gulf  of,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
above  channel,  11  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It  con- 
tains the  island  of  Talanda. 

Talarrubias,  or  Tallarrubias,  ti-laR-Roo'Be-&8, 
a  town  of  Spain,  85  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2817. 

Talavera  de  la  Reyna,  ti-l&-vi'r&  d&  \i  ri-ee'n&,  a 
city  of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  on 
the  Tagus.  Pop.  9285.  Its  buildings  are  interspersed  with 
many  Moorish  towers.  It  has  numerous  churches,  convents, 
hospitals,  schools  of  Latin  and  philosophy,  manufactures 
of  silks,  earthenwares,  leather,  and  soap,  and  2  large  annnal 
fairs.  Here,  on  the  27th  and  28th  of  July,  1809,  the  Eng- 
lish and  Spanish  troops,  under  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
totally  defeated  the  French. 

Talavera  la  Real,  ti-l8,-vi'rS,  1&  ri-il',  a  town  of 
Spain,  9  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana.  Pop.  2720, 
who  manufacture  silks  and  leather. 

Talavera  la  Vieja,  ti-li-vi'ri,  13,  ve-i'Hi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  72  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Toledo,  on  the  Tagus. 

Tai'bert's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  1117. 

Talbot,  tawl'b9t,  an  island  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  off  the 
N.E.  coast,  between  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John's  and  Nassau 
Sound,  which  separates  it  from  Amelia  Island.  It  is  about 
9  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad,  and  produces  cotton. 

Talbot,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Flint  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Upatoi  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  in  its  south- 
ern section  by  a  division  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia. 
Capital,  Talbotton.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,913 ;  in  1880, 14,115 ; 
in  1890,  13,258. 

Tall>ot,  a  county  of  Maryland,  is  a  part  of  the  section 
called  the  Eastern  Shore.  Area,  about  285  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Tuckahoe  Creek  and  Choptank 
River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Choptank,  and  on  the  W.  by  Chesa- 
peake Bay.  The  coast  is  deeply  indented  by  several  navi- 
gable inlets.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  pork,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Delaware  &  Chesapeake  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia, 
Wilmington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Easton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,137;  in  1880,  19,065;  in  1890,  19,736. 

Talbot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Grant 
township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Blooulington  Rail- 
road, 31i  miles  W,  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Talbot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  33  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Talbott,  a  station  in  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Fayette. 

Talbotton,  tawl'b9t-ton\  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Talbot  CO.,  Ga.,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  the  Collinsworth  Institute  for  boys, 
a  female  college,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  steam 
grist-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Talbott's,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va. 

Talbotville  (tawl'bgt-vil)  Royal,  a  post- village  in 
Elgin  CO.,  Ontario,  16  miles  from  St.  Thomas.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Taica,  ta,l'k8,,  a  province  of  Chili,  reaching  from  the 
Andes  to  the  sea,  and  having  Curic6  on  the  N.  and  MauU 
on  the  S.  Area,  3664  square  miles.  Capital,  Talca.  Pop 
110.3SS. 


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2581 


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Talca,a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province  of  Taica, 
on  the  river  Maule,  40  miles  N.  of  Chilian.  It  has  a  priests' 
seminary.     Pop.  17,479. 

Talcagnana,  til-ka,-gw4'n8,,  or  Talcahuana,  til- 
ki-wi'ni,  also  written  Talcahuano,  til-ki-wi'no,  and 
Talcaguano,  til-ki-gw4'no,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the 
sea,  province  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  Of  Concepcion.  It 
has  a  good  anchorage.     Pop.  2495. 

TalcaU)  tAl-k&n',  an  island  of  South  America,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  and  between  it  and  the  island  of 
Chiloe.     Lat.  42°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  72°  58'  W.     Length,  9  miles. 

Talcher,  tirkair',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Orissa. 
Lat.  20°  52.5'-21<'  18'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  57'-85°  17'  45"  E. 
Area,  399  square  miles.  It  has  beds  of  coal,  and  some  gold- 
washings.  Capital,  Talcher  (a  town  in  lat.  20°  57'  20"  N., 
Ion.  85°  16'  E. ;  pop.  2800).  The  country  pays  a  tribute 
to  the  British.     Pop.  38,021. 

Talcott,  tawrk9t,  a  post-oflBce  of  Howell  co.,  Mo. 

Talcott,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.     See  Roanoke. 

Taicott,  Summers  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Rollinsburo. 

Talcottville,  tawl'kpt-vJl,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon 
township,  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence 
&  Fishkill  Railroad,  Hi  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has 
a  church  aind  a  manufactory  of  satinet. 

Talcottville,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.    See  Letden. 

Ta-Lee,  or  Ta-Li,  tiMee',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  bank  of  a 
lake,  80  miles  E.  of  the  Burmese  frontier.  It  is  large  and 
populous. 

Talent,  tS,-l5nt',  a  town  of  Morocco,  in  Soos-el-Acsa 
(see  Soos),  capital  of  a  partially  independent  district,  on 
the  river  Tesset,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Messa. 

Talequah,  Indian  Territory.     See  Tahlequah. 

Taliabo,or  Talyabo,  ti-le-8,'bo,  one  of  the  Xulla 
Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  E.  of  Celebes,  lat.  1° 
60'  S.,  Ion.  125°  E.,  separated  by  a  strait  on  the  E.  from  the 
island  of  Mangola.     Length,  100  miles;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Taliaferro  (pronounced  tol'e-v^r),  a  county  in  the 
N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  170 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  which 
rises  in  it,  and  by  Little  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
hilly.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite, 
gneiss,  magnetic  ores,  <fcc.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
divisions  of  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  unite  at  Barnett. 
Capital,  Crawfordville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4796 ;  in  1880,  7034 ; 
in  1890,  7291. 

Talicota,  ti-Ie-ko'ti,  Talikote,  ti-le-kot',  or  Tali- 
cot,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Ku- 
ladgee.     Pop.  7459. 

'Talicut,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tallakad. 

Talking  (tawk'ing)  Rock,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pickens 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome. 

Talking  Rock  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Coosa- 
wattee  from  the  left,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Gordon  co. 

Talla,  til'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence, 
on  a  hill,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arezzo.  Pop.  2508.  Guido 
d'Arezzo,  inventor  of  musical  notation,  was  born  here. 

Tallabouela,  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss.     See  Tkoy. 

Tallac,  taiHak',  a  post-oflSce  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 

Talladega,  tai-l%-dee'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Coosa  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Choccolocco  Creek.    The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
pine,  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.     Marble  is 
said  to  be  abundant  here.     This  county  is  intersected  by 
_-.      the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  division  of  the  East  Tennessee, 
\m    Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad.     Capital,  Talladega.     Pop. 
W"  in  1870,  18,064;  in  1880,  23,360;  in  1890,  29,346. 
I        '    Talladega,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala., 
I        is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton 
'        Railroad,  109  miles  N.N.E.  of  Selma,  and  about  85  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Montgomery.     It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  6  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Talladega  College, 
which  was  organized  in  1869,  a  female  institute,  and  an  in- 
stitute ^or  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  founded  by  the  state. 

Wt        TalUagang',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  division 
"     and  70  miles  S.W.  of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  5647. 

TalUaha'la  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Jasper  co., 
runs  southward  to  Jones  co.,  and  enters  the  Leaf  River 
about  1  mile  above  Augusta. 

TalHahas'see,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Florida,  and  of 
Leon  CO.,  is  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Rail- 
road, 165  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville,  about  230  miles  E.  of 


Mobile,  and  26  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lat.  30« 
28'  N. ;  Ion.  about  84°  24'  W.  It  is  laid  out  in  rectangular 
blocks,  and  has  several  public  squares.  It  contains  a  state- 
house,  a  court-house,  and  9  churches  (4  colored).  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  This  town  has  also 
a  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  and  several  academies  and  semi- 
naries.    Pop.  in  1880,  2494;  in  1890,  2934. 

Tallahatchee,  t&ri^-hatch'e,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  635  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Tallahatchee  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Tompkins  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  oak,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  stapJe  products.  The  Yazoo  <k  Mississippi  Valley 
Railroad  crosses  the  S.W.  section.  Capital,  Charleston. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7852;  in  1880,  10,926;  in  1890,  14,361. 

Tallahatchee  (or  Tallahatchie)  River,  Mis- 
sissippi, drains  part  of  Union  co.,  and  runs  westward  to 
Panola  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  next  flows  southward 
through  Tallahatchee  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Yalabusha 
River  at  Greenwood,  in  Leflore  co.  The  river  formed  by 
this  confluence  is  the  Yazoo.  The  Tallahatchee  is  about 
240  miles  long.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  100  miles. 

Tallahatta  (talMa-hat'ta)  Springs,  a  post-office  of 
Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

TalMaho'ma,  a  small  river  of  Mississippi,  enters  Leaf 
River  from  the  N.,  near  the  centre  of  Perry  co. 

Tallahoma,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  abont  10  miles  W. 
of  Chariton. 

Tallahoma,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Miss. 

TalMakad,  Thalakad,  t&l'a-k&d,  or  Talicut,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Malabar,  35  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Cali- 
cut.    Pop.  6203. 

TalMapoo'sa,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  705  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  also  drained  by  Hillabee  and 
Sandy  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Savannah  & 
Memphis  Railroad.  Capital,  Dadeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,963 ;  in  1880,  23,401 ;  in  1890,  25,460. 

Tallapoosa,  a  city  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Talla- 
poosa River,  64  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  9 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  glass-works,  iron- 
works, bottling-works,  and  manufactures  of  ice,  wagons, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Tallapoosa  River,  a  branch  of  the  Alabama,  rises 
in  Georgia,  near  the  W.  border  of  Paulding  co.  It  runs 
southwestward  into  the  state  of  Alabama,  in  which  it  in- 
tersects the  cos.  of  Cleburne,  Randolph,  and  Tallapoosa. 
Its  general  direction  is  nearly  S.S.W.  It  unites  with  the 
Coosa  River  on  the  S.  border  of  Elmore  co.,  about  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  is  nearly  250  miles  long. 

Tallarrubias,  Spain.    See  Talakrubias. 

TalMasahatch'ee  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  nearly 
westward,  and  enters  the  Coosa  River  in  Calhoun  co. 

TaPlassee',  a  village  of  Elmore  and  Tallapoosa  cos., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  6  miles  from  Cowles  Station, 
and  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  large  cot- 
ton-factory, for  which  the  river  affords  motive-power. 
About  500  operatives  are  employed  in  this  factory.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1182;  in  1890,   1413. 

Tallassee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  enters  the  Coosa  River 
in  Talladega  co. 

Tal'ley  Ca'vey,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Talleyrand,  tal'le-rand,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co., 
Iowa,  in  Clear  Creek  township,  about  15  miles  W.of  Wash- 
ington.    It  has  a  graded  school  and  3  churches. 

Talleyrand,  township,  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  448. 

Tal'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  from  Tunstall's  Station.     It  has  a  store. 

Talline,  an  ancient  name  of  Revel,  a  town  of  Russia. 

Tallmadge,  t9,l'mij,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co., 
Mich.  Pop.  1475.  It  contains  the  village  of  Lament. 
Tallmadge  Post-Office  is  on  Grand  River,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  Grand  Rapids. 

Tallmaage,  a  post-village  in  Tallmadge  township, 
Summit  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &,  Great  Western  Railroad, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kent.  It 
contains  the  Tallmadge  Central  Union  School,  a  pottery  for 
stone-ware,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1445. 

TalI'man,  a  post-village  of  Ramapo  township,  Koak- 
land  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Piermont  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 16i  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J.    It  has  2  ohurohe» 


TAL 


2582 


TAM 


Tall'mansville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tall'manville,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa. 

TallocuS)  or  Tallokas,  tall-o'kus,  a  post-office  of 
Brooks  CO.,  Ga.,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Tai'low,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Waterford,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Youghal.  Pop.  1332.  It  has  a  handsome  mod- 
ern church  and  a  large  chapel. 

Tallow  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  i  mile  N.N.E. 
of  Tallow. 

Tallula,  tal-loo'lah,  a  post-village  of  Menard  co.,  111., 
in  Tallula  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg,  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  3  churches, 
a  mineral  spring,  a  valuable  coal-mine,  and  manufactures 
of  pumps  and  windmills. 

Tallu'lah,  a  post-office  of  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  11  miles 
from  Toccoa  City,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Athens.  It  is 
near  the  celebrated  Tallulah  Falls,  which  are  visited  by 
many  tourists,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Tallulah,  a  post-village  of  Madison  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  55  miles  E. 
of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church  and  6  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Tallulah,  or  Tallula,  a  post-village  of  Issaquena 
00.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  70  miles  N.W. 
of  Jackson. 

Tallulah  Creek,  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  rises  very  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  state.  It  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Chattooga  or  Savannah  River.  The  Tallu- 
lah Falls,  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth,  are  much  admired. 

Tallya,  t3,l'ySh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Zemplin.  Pop.  3997.  It  has  an  ancient  castle,  and 
Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  churches. 

Tal'ly  Ho,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tally  Ho  township,  Gran- 
ville CO.,  N.C.,  about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2138. 

Talmadge  (tal'mij)  Planta'tion,  a  township  of^ 
Washington  co..  Me.     Pop.  80. 

Talmage,  tal'mij,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Carthage. 

Talmas,  tiPmi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  8  miles 
B.  of  Doullens.     Pop.  1676. 

Talmis,  the  ancient  name  of  Kalabsheh. 

Talmont,  t3.rm6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Sables.     Pop.  980. 

Tal'rig,  a  small  seaport  of  Norway,  in  Finmark,  on  a 
bay  in  the  fiord  of  Alten,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tromsde. 

Tarsar',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah,  lat.  24°  1'  N., 
Ion.  91°  4'  E.     Pop.  3010. 

Talyabo,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Taliabo. 

Tama,  ta'ma  or  tah'ma,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part 
of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Iowa  River  and  Wolf  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Deer 
and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified 
with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Timber 
is  rather  scarce  here.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  cat- 
tle, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral 
resources  is  carboniferous  limestone.  Marble  is  said  to  be 
found  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  (Iowa  division)  and  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  and  Northern  Railroad.  The  Iowa  Falls 
division  of  the  latter  also  traverses  it.  Capital,  Toledo. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,131;  in  1880,  21,585;  in  1890,  21,651. 

Tama,  or  Tama  City,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  Toledo  &  North- 
western Railroads,  50  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  graded  school,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  a  pump- 
factory,  and  a  plough-factory.  The  Tama  Hydraulic  Works, 
connected  with  the  Iowa  River,  afi"ord  abundant  motive- 
power.     Pop.  in  1880,  1289;  in  1890,  1741. . 

Tamalameque,ta,-ma,-ia,-m4'kS,,  a  town  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  in  Magdalena,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Mompox. 

Tamalpais,  t3.-mdl'pls,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Tamames,  t3,-mi'm5s,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Salamanca.  In  1809  the  Spaniards 
here  defeated  the  French.     Pop.  1111. 

Taman,  tA-min',  written  also  Tmutarakan  (anc. 
Phanagoria?),  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  on  an  island  in 
Taman  Bay,  between  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Sea  of  Azof,  13 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Yenikale.  It  has  few  inhabitants  inde- 
pendent of  its  garrison,  but  an  export  trade  in  salt,  wax, 
honey,  furs,  &o.,  and  some  import  trade. 

Tamandar6,  ti-min-di-ri',  a  bay  of  Brazil,  on  the 
coast  of  Pernambuco,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cape  St.  Augus- 
tine, in  lat.  8°  43'  S..  Ion.  35°  5'  W. 


Tamandua,  ta,-m3,n'doo-a,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  100  miles  W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  8000. 

Tarn 'an  end,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Rush  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Catawissa  &  Williamsport 
Branch  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.W.  of  Tamaqua.  It  is  the 
W.  terminus  of  the  Nesquehoning  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Tamaqua,  tam-aw'kwa,  a  thriving  post-borough  of 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tamaqua  or  Little  Schuylkill 
River,  17i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pottsville,  40  miles  N.  of  Read- 
ing, and  98  miles  N.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  connected 
with  these  and  other  cities  by  three  branches  of  the  Phila- 
delphia &,  Reading  Railroad.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  in 
a  hilly  region  which  contains  an  abundance  of  excellent 
anthracite  coal.  Tamaqua  contains  12  churches,  a  high 
school,  2  banks,  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily  and  a 
weekly  newspaper,  a  rolling-mill,  2  or  3  foundries  with  ma- 
chine-shops, and  a  manufactory  of  shoes.    Pop.  (1890)  6054. 

Ta'mar  (anc.  Tamarus),  a  river  of  England,  flows  be- 
tween the  cos.  of  Cornwall  and  Devon,  forms  the  estuary  of 
Hamoaze  at  Devonport,  and  enters  Plymouth  Sound  2  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Plymouth.  Principal  affluents,  the  Tavy  from 
the  E.,  and  the  Lynher  from  the  W.     Length,  60  miles. 

Tamar,  a  principal  river  of  Tasmania,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  North  and  South  Esk  at  Launceston,  flows  30 
miles  N.,  and  enters  Bass's  Strait  at  Port  Dalrymple,  4 
miles  from  Georgetown. 

Tamara,  t3,-m&'r&,  the  largest  of  the  Isles  de  Los,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Sierra  Leone,  in 
lat.  9°  28'  N.,  Ion.  3°  48'  W. 

Tamara,  or  Tamaris,  Spain.    See  Tambre. 

Tam'arac,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Minn. 

Tamarac,  Crawford  co..  Pa.    See  Shermansvillb. 

Tamarac,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis. 

Tam'arak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co.,  111.,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Joliet.     It  has  a  church. 

Tamarida,  ti-m&-ree'd&,  the  capital  town  of  the  island 
of  Socotra,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  a  bay  off  its  N.  coast. 

Tamarite,  or  Tamarite  de  Litera,  t&-m&-ree't& 
di  Ie-t4'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  47  miles  S.E.  of 
Huesca.     Pop.  3728. 

Tamaro,  ti-mi'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Calore  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Benevento,  after  a  S.  course  of  45  miles. 

Tamaroa,  tam-a-ro'a,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Iron  Mountain,  Chester  &  Eastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Duquoin,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belleville,  and  41  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
large  public  school,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  is 
mined  here,  and  exported  in  large  quantities.     Pop.  937. 

Tamarus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tamar. 

Tamatam,  tA-m&-t&m',  a  group  of  three  coral  islands 
in  the  North  Pacific.     Lat.  7°  32'  N.;  Ion.  149°  30'  E. 

Tamatav,  t3.^mS,H4v',  or  Tamative,  ti^mlHeev',  a 
seaport  town  of  Madagascar,  on  a  bay  of  its  E.  coast,  in 
lat.  18°  10'  S.,  Ion.  49°  28'  5"  E.   It  has  a  fort.   Pop.  3000. 

Tamaulipas,  ti-m5w-lee'pis,  formerly  New  San> 
tan'der,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Texas, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Rio  Grande,  N.W.  by 
Cohahuila,  W.  by  Nuevo  Leon  and  San  Luis  Potosi,  S.  by 
San  Luis  Potosi  and  Vera  Cruz,  and  E.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Length,  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  400  miles;  me- 
dium breadth,  about  130  miles ;  area,  30,225  square  miles. 
The  coast  is  low  and  fringed  with  lagoons,  and  separated 
from  the  sea  by  belts  of  sand ;  and  the  mouths  of  almost 
all  the  rivers  are  so  encumbered  with  bars  as  to  make  their 
navigation  difficult.  In  the  N.  part  of  the  state  the  flat- 
ness c\f  the  coast  is  continued  inland,  and  then  rises  into 
elevated  plains.  To  the  S.  the  surface  is  finely  diversified. 
The  most  important  streams  are  the  Rio  Grande,  the  Fer- 
nando or  Tigre,  which,  besides  reaching  the  coast,  also 
communicates  by  a  branch  with  the  Laguna  del  Madre; 
the  Santander,  and  the  Tampico,  which  forms  the  chief 
boundary  between  the  state  and  San  Luis  Potosi.  The  cli- 
mate of  the  interior  is  temperate  and  healthy,  but  on  the 
coast,  in  the  hot  season,  is  unhealthy.  The  soil  is  gener- 
ally fertile.  The  vegetable  products  include  most  of  the 
grains,  fruits,  and  woods  of  the  temperate  and  torrid  zones. 
Cattle,  horses,  mules,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared ;  and  a 
considerable  trade,  both  in  them  and  in  other  articles,  is 
carried  on.  The  foreign  trade  is  carried  on  principally  at 
the  ports  of  Tampico  and  Matamoras.  Iron  and  silver, 
with  salt,  are  the  chief  mineral  products.  Capital,  Nuevo 
Santander.     Pop.  (1882)  140,137. 

Tamaulipas  Pueblo  Viejo,ti-mow-lee'pi8pwib'lo 
ve-4'Ho  (or  the  "  Old  Town  of  Tamaulipas"),  also  called 
Old  Tampico,  a  decayed  tiwn  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 


TAM 


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TAM 


Cruz,  oa  the  river  Tampico,  from  which  town  it  is  distant 
18  miles  S.     Pop.  1500.    See  Tampico  Pueblo  Ncevo. 

Tamaya,  t4-ml'4,  a  town  of  Chili,  in  Coquimbo,  42 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Tongoy.     It  has  rich  copper-mines. 

Tamazula,  t&-m&-soo'l&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Cinaloa,  on  the  river  Tamazula  or  Culiacan,  110  miles  E. 
of  Culiacan.     Pop.  1000. 

Tambach,  tam'b&K,  a  town  of  Saze-Coburg,  12  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  1831. 

Tambelan  (t&m-b^-l&n')  Islands,  in  the  China  Sea, 
between  Borneo  and  Singapore.  Great  Tambelan,  the 
largest  of  the  group,  is  in  lat.  1°  N.,  Ion.  107°  35'  E. 

Tambo,  tim'bo,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Cuzco,  on  the  Vilcabamba. 

Tambo,  a  village  of  Peru,  department  of  Arequipa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Tambo  River,  which,  after  a  W.  course 
of  90  miles,  enters  the  Pacific  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilo. 

Tambobamba,  tim-bo-b4m'bi,  a  town  of  Peru,  de- 
partment and  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Cuzco,  on  the  Apurimac. 

Tambov,  Tambow,  tim-bov',  or  Tambof,  tim- 
bof,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  51°  20'  and  55° 
N.  and  Ion.  38°  30'  and  43°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  govern- 
ments of  Riazan,  Vladimeer,  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Penza, 
Saratov,  and  Voronezh.  Area,  25,683  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1882,  2,490,313.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Zna  and  Moksha,  tributaries  to 
the  Oka,  and  the  Vorona  and  Voronezh,  affluents  of  the 
Don.  The  soil  in  the  N.  is  sandy  and  marshy,  in  the  E. 
and  elsewhere  fertile.  More  than  one-sixth  part  of  the 
Burface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  chief  crops  are  rye, 
oats,  and  buckwheat.  The  forests  supply  large  quantities 
of  timber  for  ship-  and  boat-building.  Cattle,  sheep,  and 
Bwine  are  extensively  bred.  Horses  of  a  good  breed  are 
reared,  but  the  stock  is  mostly  very  inferior.  Here  are 
many  forges,  distilleries,  tallow-factories,  mills,  &c.  The 
chief  towns  are  Tambov,  Borissoglebsk,  Koslov,  Lipetsk, 
Morshansk,  Shatsk,  and  Oosman. 

Tambov,  Tambow,  or  Tambof,  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  the  above  government,  on  the  Zna,  125  miles 
N.E.  of  Voronezh.  Pop.  34,000.  It  was  founded  and 
strongly  fortified  in  1636,  as  a  defence  against  the  Nogai 
Tartars.  The  houses  are  mostly  of  wood.  It  has  a  college, 
a  military  school  for  nobles,  a  high  school  for  ladies,  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth,  alum,  and  vitriol,  and  an  active 
general  trade. 

Tambre,  tim'bri  (anc.  Tam'ara,  or  Tarn' arts),  a  river 
of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  enters  the  Bay  of 
Noya,  on  the  Atlantic,  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Tambro,  a  lake  of  Thibet.     See  Palte. 

Tame,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Stafford  and  AVar- 
wick,  rises  near  Walsall,  flows  E.  and  N.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  38  miles,  joins  the  Trent  7  miles  N.  of  Tamworth. 

Tame,  a  small  river  of  England,  rises  in  Yorkshire, 
flows  S.W.,  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Lan- 
cashire and  Cheshire,  and  joins  the  Mersey  at  Stockport. 
Course,  18  miles.     See  Thame. 

Tamega,  t4-mi'gi,  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal, 
rises  near  Monterey,  in  Galicia,  flows  S.S.W.  through  the 
provinces  of  Tras-os-Montes  and  Minho,  and  joins  the 
>ouro  30  miles  E.  of  Oporto.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Tamerfors,  or  Tamersfort.    See  Tammerfors. 

Tamesis,  the  Latin  name  of  the  Thames. 

Tamiagua,  t4-me-i'gwi,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico, 
state  and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Tampico,  in  an  unhealthy  situ- 
ation, between  the  Lake  of  Tamiagua  and  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico.    Lat.  21°  16'  N.;  Ion.  97°  17'  E.    See  Lake  op  Ta- 

UXAOUA. 

Tamiathis,  the  ancient  name  of  Damiktta. 

Tamieh,  t4-mee'y§h  (?),  a  town  of  Egypt,  province 
of  Fayoom,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Medinet-el-Fayoom,  on  a 
canal,  20  miles  W.  of  the  Nile. 

Tamil,  t4-meer,  Tamul,  t4-mUl',  or  Tamiiians, 
t4-meel'e-anz,  a  race  of  people  in  Southern  India,  num- 
bering 14,500,000,  and  speaking  the  Tamil  language,  which 
is  wonderful  for  its  precision  and  copiousness,  and  is  the 
most  cultivated  of  the  Dravidian  tongues. 

Tamise,  ti^meez'  (Flemish,  Temsche,  tSm'sk^h ;  anc. 
Temsica  t),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent,  with  a 
pretty  church,  chapel,  communal  house,  hospital,  a  fine 
chateau,  several  schools,  and  a  musical  society ;  manufac- 
tures of  sail-cloth,  cotton  goods,  hats,  pottery,  tobacco, 
leather,  chiocory,  oil,  Ac.     Pop.  10,000. 

Tamise,  the  French  name  of  the  river  Thames. 

Tamlaght,  t4m'l4Ht,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Tyrone,  3J  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moneymore.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2268,  who  manufacture  linens 


Tamlingtar,  t4mMing-tar',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  115  milM 
N.W.  of  Purneah.     Lat.  27°  17'  N.;  Ion.  86°  52'  E. 

Tamluk,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Tumlook. 

Tammerfors,  t4m'm§r-foRs\  written  also  Tam'er- 
fors  and  Tam'ersfort,  a  town  of  Finland,  laen  and  85 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Abo,  between  two  lakes.     Pop.  8443. 

Tamook,  t4-mook',  one  of  the  smaller  Sooloo  Islands. 
Lat.  6°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  56'  E. 

Tampa,  t4m'pah,  a  city  of  Florida,  capital  of  Hillsbor- 
ough CO.,  is  situated  at  the  head  or  N.E.  end  of  Tampa  Bay, 
212  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  30  miles  from  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  about  100  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cedar 
Keys.  It  has  4  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  several 
churches,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and 
cigars.  The  bay  is  navigable  for  steamboats.  Tampa  is  at 
the  mouth  of  Hillsborough  River,  which  here  enters  the 
eastern  branch  or  arm  of  the  bay,  and  is  also  an  important 
station  on  three  railway  lines.  Pop.  in  1880,  720;  in 
1890,  5532;  present  pop.  about  12,000. 

Tampa  Bay,  Florida,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  penin- 
sula, and  extends  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  into  Hillsborough 
CO.   It  is  nearly  40  miles  long,  and  forms  a  good  harbor. 

Tampico,  t4m-pee'ko,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 
Cruz,  after  an  E.  course  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  near 
Tampico,  its  bar  being  in  lat.  22°  15'  N.,  Ion.  97°  46'  W. 
Total  length,  200  miles. 

Tampico,  tam-pee'ko  or  tam'pe-ko,  a  post-village  in 
Tampico  township,  Whiteside  co..  III.,  on  the  Mendota  <fc 
Clinton  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Mendota,  and  about  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Sterling.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  news- 
paper ofiice.  Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  township,  634.  In 
June,  1875,  Tampico  was  demolished  by  a  tornado. 

Tampico,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Anderson  and  Kokomo,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Kokomo.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Centre  Post-Office. 

Tampico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  40  miles 
N.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Tampico,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co  ,  Ky. 

Tampico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  about  35 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tampico,  a  hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  67. 

Tampico,  a  post-village  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Holston  River,  27  miles  by  land  N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tampico  el  Alto,  t4m-pee'ko  51  4rto  ("High  Tam- 
pico"), a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  a  height, 
S.E.  of  Tamaulipas  Pueblo  Viejo. 

Tampico  Pueblo  Nuevo,  pwJb'lo  nw4'vo  ("new 
town"),  or  Santa  Ana  de  Tamaulipas,  s4n't4  4'n4 
d4  t4-mow-lee'p4s,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ta- 
maulipas, 215  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Tampico.  Pop.  7000.  It  has  some  good 
dwellings  in  the  Spanish  style,  military  and  naval  hospitals, 
public  monuments,  and  an  important  trade  with  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain.  The  principal  exports  are  specie, 
hides,  tallow,  bones,  and  jerked  beef.  See  Lake  of  Tam- 
pico, and  Tamaulipas  Pueblo  Viejo. 

Tam-Quoon-Tow,  China.    See  Lema  Islands. 

Tamsui,  t4m-soo'ee,  a  treaty-port  of  China  (opened  to 
trade  in  1883),  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Formosa.    P.  100,000. 

Tam'worth,  a  borough  of  England,  in  the  cos.  of  Staf 
ford  and  Warwick,  on  the  Tame  and  Anker,  at  their  junc- 
tion, and  on  the  London  &  Northwestern  and  Midland  Rail- 
ways, 6i  miles  S.W.  of  Lichfield.  Pop.  4589.  The  town, 
in  a  tract  of  rich  meadow-land,  has  a  large  and  handsome 
parish  church  containing  some  fine  monuments,  various 
dissenting  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  2  free  schools,  alms- 
houses, a  town  hall,  market-house,  assembly-  and  reading- 
rooms,  cotton-spinning,  calico-printing,  and  wool-stapling 
houses,  tanneries,  breweries,  a  carpet-factory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lace.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Tamworth  stands  on  the  ancient  Watling  Street, 
and  was  a  principal  residence  of  the  kings  of  Mercia.  Im- 
mediately S.  of  tne  town  is  a  castle  reputed  to  have  been 
founded  by  a  daughter  of  King  Alfred. 

Tam'worth,  a  post-village  in  Tamworth  township, 
Carroll  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the  inlet  of  Ossipee  Lake,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Ossipee,  and  4  miles  W.  of  West  Ossipee  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  spools,  and 
bedsteads.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1344. 

Tam'worth,  a  town  of  New  South  Wales,  oa  the  Peel 
and  Cockburn  Rivers,  251  miles  N.  of  Sydney.    Pop.  4000. 

Tam'worth,  a  post-village  in  Addington  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  Salmon  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Napanee.  It  contains  an 
iron-foundry,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  tannery,  9 
churches,  and  12  stores.     Pop.  500. 


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2584 


TAJS 


Tam worth  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  of  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Tamworth  township,  about  30  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Laconia. 

Tana-Boogis,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Celebes. 

Tana-EIfj  ti'ni-ftlf,  the  northernmost  river  in  Europe, 
forms  in  most  part  of  its  course  the  boundary  between  Nor- 
way (Finmark)  and  Russian  Lapland,  and  enters  the  Tana- 
Fiord,  Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  70°  30'  N.,  Ion.  28°  E.,  after  a 
northward  course  of  180  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  the  hamlet 
of  Tana. 

Tanaga,  ti-ni'gi,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the 
North  Pacific  Ocean,  Andreanov  group,  W.  of  Kanaga. 
Lat.  51°  59'  N.;  Ion.  178°  10'  W.  Surface  mountainous, 
and  it  contains  an  active  volcano. 

Tanager,  an  ancient  name  of  Galore. 

Tan'agra,  a  ruined  town  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  15 
miles  E.  of  Thebes.  Here  are  interesting  remains  of  an- 
tiquity. 

Tanah,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt.     See  Tantah. 

Tanah-Mangkesser.    See  Celebes. 

Tanah-Pileh,  ti'ni-pee'ldh,  a  town  in  the  island  of 
Sumatra,  state  and  30  miles  from  Jambi.     Pop.  4000. 

Tanais,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Don. 

Tanais,  the  ancient  name  of  Azof. 

Tanakeke  (ti-ni-ki'ki)  or  Tanekake  Islands,  a 
group  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Celebes,  the  largest  island  being  10  miles  in  circuit.  Lat. 
5°  28'  S.:  Ion.  119°  17'  E. 

Tanal'quot,  a  post-oflBce  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington. 

Tananah,  tin-4-nah',  a  large  river  of  Alaska,  which 
joins  the  Yukon  from  the  left,  in  lat.  64°  7'  N.,  Ion.  150° 
8'  W.  It  has  a  rapid  course  of  about  250  miles,  but  not 
much  is  known  regarding  it. 

Tananarivoo,  or  'rananarivon,  t4-ni-ni^re-voo', 
sometimes  written  Tananarivo,  Tarnanaruvo,  and 
Antananarivo,  the  capital  town  of  Madagascar,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island,  190  miles  W.  of  Tamatav.  It  is 
reported  to  have  manufactures  of  exquisite  gold  and  silver 
chains,  silk  stuflFs,  Ac,     Pop.  75,000. 

Tanaro,  ti-ni'ro  (anc.  Tan'artu),  a  river  of  North 
Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps  near  the  Col  de  Tenda,  and  flows  N. 
and  N.E.  past  Garessio,  Ceva,  Alba,  Asti,  and  Alessandria, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  which  city  it  joins  the  Po,  after  a  total 
course  of  125  miles.  Principal  aflSuents,  the  Stura,  Pesio, 
Ellero,  and  Corsaglia,  from  the  W.,  and  the  Belbo  and  Bor- 
mida,  from  the  S.E.  Under  the  French  it  gave  name  to  a 
department,  of  which  Asti  was  the  capital. 

Tanasserim,  Burmah.    See  Tenasserim. 

Tancitaro,  tin-se-t&'ro,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Michoacan,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Morelia. 

Tan'cook  Islands,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands 
of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Mahone  Bay,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Tancook  Islands,  a  post-settlement  on  the  above 
islands,  9  miles  from  Chester.     Pop.  390. 

Tandah,  Tanda,  t&n'dS,,  or  Tandeh,  t&n'ddh,  also 
called  Taun'da,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  district  of 
Fyzabad,  on  the  Goggra,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fyzabad.  Pop. 
13,543. 

Tanderagee,  tanM^r-a-ghee',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Armagh,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Gilford.  Pop.  1240.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  several  schools,  flour-  and  flax-mills,  and 
a  brisk  trade  in  flax,  linens,  and  agricultural  produce. 

Tandjeh,  or  Tandsha,  Morocco.    See  Tangier. 

Tanega-Sima,  ti-ni'gi-see'mi,  an  island  of  Japan, 
S.  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  25  miles ;  average 
breadth,  12  miles. 

Tanekake  Islands.    See  Tanakeke  Islands. 

Taney,  taw'ne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri, 
bordering  on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  660  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Beaver  and  Bull  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  oak,  yel- 
low pine,  &o.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
f)roducts.  Copper  and  lead  are  found  here.  No  railway 
ines  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Forsyth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4407 ;  in  1880,  5599 ;  in  1890,  7973. 

Taneytown,  taw'ne-tSwn,  a  post-borough  of  Carroll 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Frederick  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 22i  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick,  and  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  750. 

Tanganyika,  tin-gin-yee'ka,  a  great  lake  of  Central 
Africa,  extending  in  a  N.W.  and  S.E.  direction  about  480 
miles,  with  a  breadth  of  from  10  to  60  miles.  It  is  S.S.W. 
of  the  Victoria  Nyanza  and  N.W.  of  Nyassa,  between  lat. 
3°  18'  and  9°  S.  and  Ion.  29°  20'  and  32°  10'  E.  Elevation, 
2711  feet.     Its  waters  are  fresh,  and  are  probably  dis- 


charged, especially  in  times  of  flood,  through  the  Lualaba 
into  the  Congo.  It  was  discovered  in  1858  by  Speke  and 
Burton,  visited  by  Dr.  Livingstone  in  1867,  and  re-visited 
and  explored  by  Stanley  in  1874-77. 

Tangent,  tSn'jent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon, 
on  or  near  the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  Cali- 
fornia Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church. 
Much  wheat  is  shipped  here. 

Tangermiinde,  ting'§r-miinM§h,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Tanger.  Pop.  4627.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  linen  stufi"s,  spirits,  and  beer. 

Tangier,  tin-jeer',  called  Taiyeh  or  Tandjeh, 
tin'j^h,  by  the  Moors,  sometimes  written  I'andsha  (anc. 
Tin'gia  or  Ju'lia  Trajec'ta),  a  seaport  town  of  Morocco,  of 
which  it  is  the  diplomatic  capital,  near  the  W,  entrance  of 
the  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  S.E.  of  Cape  Spartel.  Lat.  (con- 
sul's house),  35°  47'  12"  N.;  Ion.  5°  48'  30"  W.  It  stands 
on  a  height  near  a  spacious  bay,  and,  rising  in  the  form  of 
an  amphitheatre,  presents  a  very  striking  appearance  when 
approached  from  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and 
defended  by  a  castle  and  several  forts.  With  the  exception 
of  the  main  street,  which  traverses  it  from  E.  to  W.,  it 
consists  of  wretched  houses,  huddled  together  in  narrow, 
dirty  lanes.  The  only  exceptions  to  the  general  wretched- 
ness of  the  buildings  are  furnished  by  the  residences  of  the 
European  consuls  and  ministers  and  those  of  a  few  wealthy 
mercnants.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  castle,  or  alcaa- 
taba,  occupying  a  commanding  height,  but  in  a  very  dilapi- 
dated state,  several  mosques  and  Jewish  synagogues,  and 
a  Roman  Catholic  church  and  convent.  The  harbor,  which 
was  once  capacious  and  protected  by  a  mole,  was  formerly 
very  much  frequented  by  vessels  from  almost  all  maritime 
countries,  but  is  now  neglected.  The  trade,  confined  chiefly 
to  Gibraltar  and  the  Spanish  coast,  is  very  limited ;  the  in- 
ternal traffic  is  chiefly  with  Tetooan  and  Fez.  The  trade  is 
chiefly  in  hides,  wax,  wool,  grain,  leeches,  fruit,  cattle, 
poultry,  <feo. ;  woollens,  brass  trays,  and  matting  are  manu- 
factured. Tangier  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Car- 
thaginians, from  whom  it  passed  to  the  Romans  and  after- 
wards successively  to  the  Goths  and  Arabs.  It  was  taken 
by  the  Portuguese  in  1471,  and  ceded  by  them  in  1662  to 
the  British,  as  a  part  of  the  dowry  of  tjie  Princess  Cath- 
ermeTrhe  British  erected  a  mole  which  gave  protection  to 
vessels,  and  kept  possession  of  it  for  22  years.  It  declined 
rapidly  on  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Moors.  Outside  of 
the  town  is  a  Roman  bridge ;  3  miles  S.E.  are  the  remains 
of  ancient  Tingis.     Pop.  14,200. 

Tangier  (tan-jeer').  New,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Halifax,  at  the  head  of  a  flne  harbor  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  75  miles  from  Halifax.  This 
place  was  a  mere  fishing  village  until  1860,  when  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  attracted  a  large  number  of  gold-seekers. 
Twelve  quartz  lodes  have  been  opened.     Pop.  600. 

Tangier,  Old,  or  Moose'land,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  about  11  miles  from  Pope's  Head, 
a  harbor  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  50  miles  from  Halifax.  Gold 
in  quartz  was  discovered  here  in  1858.     Pop.  300. 

'Tangier  (tan-jeer')  Island,  of  Virginia,  in  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac 
River.  N.  of  this  island  extends  a  range  of  islands,  mostly 
in  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  dividing  Tangier  Sound  from  the  rest 
of  the  bay.     This  sound  is  noted  for  its  oysters. 

Tangipahoa^  tan^je-pa-ho'  (common,  tanch-p§-ho'),  a 
parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about 
780  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Pont- 
chartrain,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Lake  Maurepas,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Tangipahoa  River,  which  runs  southward. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  magnolia,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This 
parish  is  intersected  by  the  Mississippi  &>  Louisiana  divi- 
sion of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  traverses  its  en- 
tire length  N.  and  S.  Capital,  Amite  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  j 
7928;  in  1880,  9638;  in  1890,  12,655. 

Tangipahoa,  a  post-village  of  Tangipahoa  parish,! 
La.,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  New  Or- 1 
leans,  Jackson  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  78  miles  N.  by ! 
W.  of  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  church  and  3  or  4  stores. 
Pop.  236. 

Tangipahoa  (or  Tangipaha)  River  rises  in  Amite 
CO.,  Mississippi,  runs  southward  through  Tangipahoa  parish, 
La.,  and  enters  Lake  Pontchartrain.     Length,  90  miles. 

'Tauglewood,  tang'g§l-wood,  a  post-office  of  Ripley 
CO.,  Ind. 

Tang^noo'  or  Tangnon  (ting^noo')  Mountains. 


TAN 


2585 


TAP 


in  tha  Chinese  Empire,  Ehalkas  country,  in  lat.  50°  N.,  Ion. 
from  90°  to  100°  B.,  are  oonnected  westward  with  the  Little 
Altai,  and  separate  the  basins  of  the  Tobol  and  Tenisei 
Birers,  and  tnese  again  from  the  basins  of  several  rivers 
frhioh  enter  the  lakes  of  Central  Asia. 

Taninge,  Tanninge,  or  Tanninges,  t&n^n&Nzh',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  3  miles  N.  of  Cluses.     Pop.  3020. 

Tanis,  the  ancient  name  of  San. 

Taiyeh)  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Tangier. 

Tanjore^  tan^jar',  a  maritime  district  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  India,  hav- 
ing E.  the  ocean,  and  landward  the  districts  of  Msidura, 
Triohinopoly,  and  South  Aroot.  Lat.  9°  60'  to  11°  25'  N.; 
Ion.  78°  45'  to  79°  55'  E.  Area,  3654  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,973,731.  It  comprises  the  delta  of  the  Cavery  River,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  British  India.  The 
population  is  chiefly  Hindoos,  whose  customs  are  here  per- 
petuated in  great  purity.  The  principal  towns  are  Tanjore, 
Combaconum,  and  Negapatam. 

Tanjore^  a  city  of  British  India,  capital  of  the  above 
district,  presidency  and  170  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Cavery.  Lat.  10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  79°  15'  E.  Pop. 
62,175.  It  is  nearly  6  miles  in  circumference,  and  regularly 
built.  It  consists  of  two  portions,  separately  fortified,  one 
comprising  the  rajah's  palace,  in  which  is  a  sculptured 
group  by  Flaxman,  and  the  other  containing  a  remarkable 
Hindoo  temple,  with  a  tower  nearly  200  feet  in  height,  and 
a  black  granite  bull,  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  Hindoo 
sculpture,  and  close  to  which  is  an  English  church.  The 
British  residency  is  to  the  S.,  outside  of  the  walls.  Tan- 
jore was  taken  by  the  British  in  1749,  and  again  from  the 
French  in  1773.  It  is  connected  by  the  Oreat  India  Rail- 
way with  Negapatam. 

Tanjore,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Tjanjor. 

Tanktown,  Delaware  oo.,  0.    See  Berlin. 

Taun,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Thann. 

Tanna,  t&n'nah,  a  maritime  district  of  India,  Bombay 
presidency,  about  lat.  17°  56'-20°  20'  N.,  Ion.  72°  42'-73° 
48'  E.  Area,  4062  square  miles.  Capital,  Tanna.  Pop. 
874,424. 

'Tanna,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  Tanna  dis- 
trict, 20  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bombay,  on  the  island  of 
6alsette,  having  many  Christian  inhabitants  and  some 
Portuguese  churches.     Pop.  14,299. 

Tanna,  tS.n'nah,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  New 
Hebrides,  near  lat.  19°  30'  S.,  Ion.  169°  28'  E.  Length,  18 
miles,  by  8  miles  in  breadth.     Pop.  10,000. 

Tan'nahill,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
■W.  of  Fort  AVorth. 

Tannay,  t&n^n&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ni^vre,  7  miles 
fi.E.  of  Clamecy.     Pop.  1422. 

Tannehill,  tan'ne-hil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham. 

Tannehill,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Tan'ner's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmore  oo.,  W.  Va.,  22 
miles  S.  of  Harrisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Tanner's  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southeastward  through 
Dearborn  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  near  Lawrenceburg. 

Tanner's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on 
Dyberry  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Honesdale,   It  has  a  tannery. 

Tan'nersTille,  or  East  Hunt'er,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Hunter  township,  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  among  the  Catskill 
Mountains,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
eeveral  hotels  and  boarding-houses  for  summer  boarders. 

Tannersville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Pocono  township,  5  miles  from  Henryville  Station,  and 
about  27  miles  N.  of  Easton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
a  wagon-shop,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Tannersville,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  oo.,  Va. 

Tan'nery,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  "West- 
ern Maryland  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Westminster. 

Tannery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  W. 
of  Indiana. 

Tannery,  Carbon  oo..  Pa.    See  Lehigh  Tannery. 

Tannery,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tannery  West,  or  Saint  Henri  (formerly  Tan- 
neries des  Rollands),  a  post-village  in  Hochelaga  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  3  miles  from  Mon- 
treal, of  which  it  may  be  considered  a  suburb.  It  contains 
2  churches,  several  stores,  brick-fields,  &o.     Pop.  4000. 

Tanninge,  or  Tanninges,  Savoy.    See  Taninoe. 

Tanore,  ti-n5r',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  20  miles  S.  of  Calicut. 

Taus,  tins,  a  dreary  waste  of  South  Africa,  in  the 
Daiiiara  country,  between  lat.  23°  and  24°  S.,  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  mountains  of  Tans,  which  rise  to  4000  feet. 

163 


Tansborough,  tanz'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cam- 
den CO.,  N.J.,  in  Winslow  township,  on  the  Williamstown 
Railroad,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Williamstown,  and  about  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  glass. 

Tantah,  tin'tft,  a  town  of  Egypt,  in  the  Delta,  capital 
of  the  Gharbeeyeh  province.  It  is  54  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cairo,  and  is  on  the  Alexandria-Cairo  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  four  branch  lines.  It  is  noted  for  its  great  Mo- 
hammedan festivals.     Pop.  (1882)  33,725. 

Tantalem,  t&nH&-ldm',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
25  miles  E.  of  Ligor,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
narrow  strait.  Lat.  8°  N. ;  Ion.  101°  E.  Length,  65  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  20  miles.     The  soil  is  highly  fertile. 

Tantal'on,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  94  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Tanuirath  Doora  (or  Dura),  ti-nwe-rith'  doo'r&  (?) 
(the  Adora'im  of  Scripture  and  Ado'ra  of  Josephus),  a 
large  village  of  Palestine,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Heoron,  on 
the  E.  slope  of  a  hill,  enclosed  by  olive-grounds.  It  is  the 
residence  of  a  sheikh. 

Tan-Yang,  tln^ying',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Imperial  Canal,  60  miles  E.  of  Nanking. 

Tao,  ti'o,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Nan,  near 
lat.  25°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  112°  E. 

Tao-Hing-Teng-Shan  (or  -Chan),  t&'o-hing^- 
t£ng-sh&n',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Eoei-Choo. 
Lat.  28°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  27'  E.  It  is  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Taoneroa,  New  Zealand.    See  Turanga. 

Taook,  Taouk,  ti^ok',  or  Toak,  to^ik',  a  town  of 
Turkish  Koordistan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Tigris,  30  miles 
S.  of  Eerkook. 

Taopi,  ta-o'pe,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co.,  Dakota. 

Taopi,  a  post-village  in  Lodi  township.  Mower  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  18^ 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taormina,  t&-0R-mee'n&  (ano.  Taurome'nium),  a  town 
of  Sicily,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Messina,  near  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island.  Lat.  37°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  18'  E.  Pop.  2458.  It 
has  many  large  churches  and  convents,  a  hospital,  and 
splendid  remains  of  antiquity,  comprising  a  theatre  capa- 
ble of  accommodating  40,000  spectators,  and  one  of  the 
finest  ancient  structures  extant,  commanding  a  magnificent 
prospect.  It  has  also  remains  of  the  aqueduct  and  reser- 
voir which  supplied  the  ancient  city,  sepulchres,  cenotaphs, 
tessellated  pavements,  and  ruined  edifices. 

Taos,  tft'oce,  almost  tSwss,  the  most  northwestern  county 
of  New  Mexico,  borders  on  Colorado.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Rio  Grande,  the  Rio  de  Chaco,  and  other  rivers.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  high  mountains  and  table-lands  or 
plains.  This  county  comprises  the  southern  part  of  the 
vast  and  fertile  San  Luis  Park.  Between  the  Kio  Grande 
and  Rio  de  Chaco  is  a  mountain-range  called  Sierra  San 
Juan.  The  soil  is  fertile  if  irrigated.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products,  and  gold  is  one  of  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  The  area  of  this  county  is  estimated 
at  2300  square  miles.  Capital,  Fernandez  de  Taos.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,079 ;  in  1880,  11,029 ;  in  1890,  9868. 

Taos,  a  post-office  of  Cole  oo.,  Mo.,  7  or  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Jefi"erson  City. 

Taos,  New  Mexico.    See  Fernandez  de  Taos. 

Tao-Thseu-Shan,  or  Tao-Thseu-Chan,  t4'o- 
t'sfi-oo^-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee- 
Lee.  Lat.  39°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  114°  46'  E.  It  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow, 

Taoudiny,  or  Taoadyny,  Africa.    See  Taddeny. 

Taouk,  a  town  of  Koordistan.    See  Taook. 

Taouka,  ti-oo'k4,  one  of  the  Society  Islands. 

Tapagipe,  t&-p&-zhee'p4,  or  Itapagipe,  ee-ti-p&- 
zhee'pi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  10  miles  N.  of  Bahia,  on  a 

Seninsula  in  All  Saints'  Bay.  It  has  extensive  bnilding- 
ooks  and  a  summer  residence  of  the  archbishop. 
TapfOos,  t&-p&-zhoce',  or  Topayos,  to-p&-yooe',  a 
river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parfi,  after  a  N.  coarse  of  1200 
miles  joins  the  Amazon  near  Santarem,  its  basin  lying  be- 
tween those  of  the  Madeira  and  Xingu.  Among  its  prin- 
cipal affluents  are  the  Arinos  and  the  Juruena,  and  it  is 
navigable  from  the  Amazon  along  the  former  to  within  20 
miles  of  the  head  of  navigation  of  the  Cuyab&,  an  affluent 
of  the  Paraguay. 

Ta-Pa-Ling,ti'piMing',  a  mountain  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Shen-See.  Lat.  32°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  8'  E.  It  ii 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Tapanhuaeanga,  t&-p&n-yoo-&-k&ng'g&,  a  village  of 
Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Minas-Novas. 


TAP 


2586 


TAR 


Tapeantana,  t&-p&-&ii-t&'nS,,  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands, 
S.  of  Baseelan.     Lat.  6°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  8'  E. 

Tapera,  ti-pi'r4,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minas-Geraes,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Serro  Frio. 

Taphros,  or  Taphrae,  Russia.    See  Perekop. 

Tapian,  t3,'pe-5w\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  22  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Pregel.     Pop.  2679. 

Tapicooma  (t&-pe-koo'm&)  Lake,  in  British  Guiana, 
eo.  of  Essequibo,  is  an  artificial  reservoir  for  the  water- 
Bupply  of  certain  estates. 

Tapisi,  ti-pe-see',  or  Tapiche,  t4-pee'chi,  a  river 
of  South  America,  rises  in  the  N.E.  of  Peru,  flows  N.N.W., 
expanding  into  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  enters  Ecuador,  and, 
after  a  course  of  above  200  miles^  joins  the  Ucayale,  a 
branch  of  the  Amazon. 

Tap'Iey,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas,  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Victoria. 

Tap'leytown,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo.,  On- 
tario, 4  miles  from  Stony  Creek.     Pop.  100. 

Tap'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Danvers  township,  about  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has 
a  church,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of  carpets,  shirts,  and 
shoes. 

Tapool  (tA'pool')  Isles,  a  group  of  the  Sooloo  Archi- 

Salago,  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Sooloo.  Lat.  6°  40' 
■.;  Ion.  120°  50'  E. 

Tap^pahan'nock,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  is  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of 
the  Rappahannock  River,  about  48  miles  N.E.  of  Rich- 
mond. It  contains  a  custom-house,  3  churches,  and  a 
sumach-mill.  Steamboats  ply  regulariy  between  this  place 
and  Baltimore. 

Tappan,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Franklin. 

Tap'pan^  (or  Tap'paan')  Bay,  or  Tap'pan^  Sea, 
an  expansion  of  the  Hudson  River  between  Rockland  and 
Westchester  cos.,  N.Y.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  and  3i 
miles  wide. 

Tappanooly,  tip-p&-noo'lee,  a  district  of  Sumatra,  on 
a  fine  bay  on  the  W.  coast.     Lat.  1°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  45'  E. 

Tap'pantown,  a  post- village  in  Orangetown  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Tappan  Station  on  the  Northern 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Jersey  City  <k  Albany 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  about  li  miles 
W.  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  2  churches.  Major  Andrfi 
was  here  tried  and  executed  as  a  spy  in  October,  1780. 

Tap'pnl,  or  Tapal,  tap'pill,  also  called  Tup'pul,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Alighur,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Coel.   P.  6031. 

Taprobane,  the  ancient  name  of  Cetlon. 

Tap'tee%  Tnp'tee,  or  Tap'ty,  a  river  of  India, 
rises  in  the  centre  of  the  peninsula,  near  Baitool,  flows  W. 
through  the  S.  part  of  the  Gwalior  dominions  and  the  dis- 
tricts of  Candeish  and  Surat,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
bay  20  miles  W.  of  Surat.  The  principal  affluent  is  the 
Poornah,  from  the  S.  It  is  navigable  only  a  short  distance 
above  Surat. 

Taqoari,  t&-kw&-ree',  written  also  Tacoary,  a  river 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  N.W.  and  S.W., 
and  joins  the  Paraguay  near  lat.  20°  20'  S.,  Ion.  58°  W. 
Total  course,  400  miles. 

Taquari,  t&-kw&-ree',  or  Tebicnari,  t&-be-kw&-ree', 
a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  in  lat.  18°  S.,  flows  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  140 
miles,  loins  the  Jaouhy.  It  is  navigated  by  small  craft  for 
about  oO  miles. 

Tara,  tah'ra,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co.  of 
Meath,  2  miles  W.  of  Skreen.  The  hill  of  Tara  was  in 
antiquity  a  chief  seat  of  the  Irish  monarohs,  and  from  it 
was  originally  brought  the  famous  stone  long  used  in  the 
coronation  of  the  Scottish  kings  at  Scone.  It  is  now  in  the 
chair  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  at  Westminster. 

Tara,  ti'ri,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Irtish  25  miles 
S.E.  of  the  town  of  Tara,  after  a  W.  course  of  200  miles. 

Tara,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Tobolsk,  on 
the  Irtish,  135  miles  N.  of  Omsk.  Pop.  6469.  It  consists 
of  a  fortified  quarter  on  a  height,  and  a  suburb  on  the 
river-bank,  inhabited  by  Tartars,  who  carry  on  trade  with 
Toorkistan.  It  has  manafaotares  of  leather,  hats,  and 
vitriol. 

Ta'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ta'ra,  a  post- village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river 
Au  Sauble,  16i  miles  S.W.  of  Owen  Sound.  It  contains  2 
churches,  5  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  woollen-mill, 
a  tannery,  4  sash-  and  door-factories,  a  fanning-mill-fac- 
tory,  a  pump-factory,  cabinet-works,  lime-kilns,  a  carriage- 
factory,  agricultural  implement  works,  &c.     Pop.  450. 


Tarabesoon,  or  Tarabozan.    See  Trebizond. 

Tarabloos,  Tarablous,  or  Tarablus.  See  Tripoli. 

Tarachtcha,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Tarashcha. 

Tarakai.     See  Tarrakai,  Bay  of. 

Tarakai,  an  island  of  Asia.     See  Saqbalin. 

Tarakli,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Terekli. 

Taranaki,  New  Zealand.     See  New  Pltmodth. 

Tarancon,  t4-rin-kon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
38  miles  W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3393. 

Taraneh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Terraneh. 

Taransay,  an  island  of  Scotland.    See  Tarrinsay. 

Taranto,  ti'r4n-to(Gr.  Topos,  Tapai/Tos;  L.  Taren'tuvi)- 
a  fortified  city  and  seaport  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  on 
an  island  formerly  a  peninsula,  separating  the  Mare  Pic- 
colo (mi'ri  pik'ko-lo,  "  Little  Sea"),  its  inner  harbor,  from 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  or  Mare  Grande  (mi'ri  gr&n'ddi, 
"  Great  Sea"),  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brindisi.  Lat.  40°  27' 
N. ;  Ion.  17°  15'  E.  Pop.  25,246.  The  city,  on  the  site  of 
the  ancient  citadel,  is  of  an  oval  shape,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
several  other  churches  and  convents,  a  diocesan  school, 
orphan  asylum,  hospitals,  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton 
fabrics  and  velvets,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  olive  oil, 
fruits,  cotton,  and  shell-fish,  which  last  abound  here  in  great 
variety.  The  inner  harbor  is  excellent  as  respects  both 
depth  and  security,  but  the  entrance  has  become  so  choked 
that  it  is  accessible  only  by  boats.  The  outer  harbor,  or 
Mare  Grande,  is  safe,  extensive,  and  defended  by  the  islands 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul.  The  channel  between  them  is 
crossed  by  a  bridge  160  yards  in  length,  over  which  is  an 
aqueduct  conveying  water  to  the  city  from  Mutina,  12  miles 
distant ;  and  here  are  the  remains  of  an  amphitheatre  and 
a  few  other  antiquities.  Tarentum,  reputed  to  have  been 
founded  by  colonists  from  Sparta  about  B.C.  700,  was  long 
a  wealthy  seat  of  commerce,  literature,  and  science.  See 
Gulf  of  Taranto. 

TarapacA,  t&-r&-p&-k&',  a  town  of  Chili,  on  a  river,  10 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  145  miles 
S.E.  of  Ho. 

Tarapacd,  a  former  department  in  the  extreme  S.  of 
Peru,  noted  for  its  wealth  in  saliter  and  borax.  It  now 
belongs  to  Chili.     It  is  an  arid  region.     Pop.  42,000. 

Tarapia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Therapia. 

Tarapoto,  a  town  of  Peru,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moyo- 
bamba.     It  has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  5350. 

Tarare,  ti'raR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  27  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Lyons.  Pop.  13,563.  It  has  a  chamber  of 
commerce,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  plain  and  figured 
muslins,  plush,  velvet,  and  other  silk  stuff's,  mostly  con- 
ducted in  the  homes  of  the  weavers,  whose  condition  is 
among  the  best  of  any  in  France. 

Tarascon,  ti^ris*k6H»'  (anc.  Taruacon  or  Tara»con\,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-RhQne,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Rhone,  opposite  Beaucaire,  with  which  it  communicates 
by  a  suspension-bridge,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Avignon.  Lat. 
43°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  40'  E.  Pop.  7777.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  a  church  of  the  eleventh  century,  theatre,  town 
hall,  court-house,  barracks,  hospitals,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  brandy,  and  leather,  some  boat- 
building, and  an  active  general  trade.  Near  it  are  large 
nursery-grounds.  Teasels,  madder,  and  almonds  are  raised 
extensively  in  the  vicinity. 

Tarascon-sur-Ari6ge,  t4'ri8*k6N»'-siiR-iVe-aizh', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  8  miles  S.  of  Foix,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Ari6ge.  Pop.  1513.  It  has  iron-forges 
and  tanneries. 

Tarashcha,  Tarachtcha,  or  Taraschtscha,  t4- 
rish'chi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.  of 
Kiev.     Pop.  11,420. 

Tarasp,  ti^risp',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  in  the  Engadine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Inn,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Cernetz,  4265  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  a 
mineral  spring,  with  hotels  and  lodging-houses. 

Taraway,  t4^r4-wi',  written  also  Knoy,  an  island  in 
the  North  Pacific,  in  the  Gilbert  Archipelago.  Lat.  1°  29' 
N. ;  Ion.  173°  6'  E.     It  is  20  miles  long. 

Tarazona,  t4-ri-tho'ni  (anc.  Turia'ao  or  Turiaa'to), 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sara- 
gossa,  on  the  Queiles.  Lat,  41°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  43'  W. 
Pop.  8261.  It  has  a  cathedral,  4  parish  churches,  a  bish- 
op's palace,  hospital,  and  poor-house,  with  manufactures  of 
coarse  woollens,  caps,  and  leather. 

Tarazona  de  la  Mancha,  ti-ri-tho'nS,  di  li  min'- 
ch3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  N.  of  Albacete, 
with  4199  inhabitants,  and  manufactures  of  printed  cottons 
and  handkerchiefs. 

Tarbagatai,  taR-bi-ga-tl',  or  Tarbagtai,  tan-big- 
ti'  (Chinese,  Soui-Taing-Ching,  soo'ee-tsing-ching),  a  sraal' 


TAR 


2587 


TAB 


territory  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  between  Kooldja  and  the 
Siberian  province  of  Semipalatinsk.  Its  chief  town,  Tchoo- 
goochak,  was  once  important. 

Tarbagatai)  tau-bi-gi-ti',  a  mountain-chain  of  Asia, 
chiefly  in  the  Russian  province  of  Semipalatinsk,  but  form- 
ing part  of  its  boundary,  and  dividing  it  from  Chinese  ter- 
ritories, between  Lakes  Zaisan  and  Balkash. 

Tarbeua,  taK-Bi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
province  and  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1973. 

Tar'bert,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co. 
of  Kerry,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Shannon,  near  its  mouth,  4 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Qlin.     Pop.  1024. 

Tarbert,  Loch,  Scotland.  See  East  Loch  Tarbert 
and  West  Loch  Tarbert. 

Tarbes,  taRb  (anc.  Tur'ha  or  Tarbel'licm),  a  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Haute8-Pyr6n4es,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Adour,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pau.  Pop. 
11,080.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  plain,  and  separated  into 
three  nearly  equal  parts  by  two  large  open  spaces.  Tarbes 
has  a  public  library,  a  cathedral,  a  li/cSe  or  college,  a  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  a  forest  board,  schools  of  design  and 
architecture,  manufactures  of  copper-wares,  cutlery,  and 
paper,  a  national  stud,  an  active  trade  in  horses,  and  ex- 
tensive markets  every  fortnight. 

Tarbet,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Bast  Loch  Tarbet. 

Tar'bet  Island,  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  of  Galway, 
is  off  the  W.  coast,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Achris  Head. 

Tarbet  Ness,  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ross 
and  Cromarty,  separating  Dornoch  and  Moray  Firths. 

Tar'bolton,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the 
Faile,  8  miles  S.  of  Kilmarnock.  Pop.  829.  It  has  a 
church,  a  subscription  library,  and  manufactures  of  cotton, 
woollen,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Tarborough,  tar'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden 
CO.,  Ga.,  15  miles  from  Waynesville.  It  has  a  church,  and 
a  manufactory  of  naval  stores, 

Tarborough,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Edgecombe  co., 
N.C.,  in  Tarborough  township,  on  the  Tar  River,  about  70 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  2  academies,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  8  churches.  Small  vessels 
can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place,  and  a  short  branch  ccn- 
neots  it  with  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1600 ;  in  1890,  1924. 

Tardenois,  taRM§h-nwi',  an  old  district  of  France, 
now  included  in  the  department  of  Aisne.  Its  capital  was 
F6re-en-Tardenois. 

Tardes,  taRd,  a  river  of  France,  in  Creuse,  flows  cir- 
ouitously  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Cher  on  the  left.  Total 
course,  40  miles. 

Tardoire,  taR^waR',  or  Tardou^re,  taRMoo-aiR',  a 
river  of  France,  departments  of  Haute-Vienne  and  Charente, 
after  a  W.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Bandiat  3  miles 
N.  W.  of  La  Rochefoucault.  It  turns  many  mills,  and  along 
its  banks  are  numerous  curious  caverns. 

Tarem,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Tarom. 

Tarentum,  the  Latin  name  of  Taranto. 

Taren'tum,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  di- 
vision of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  5 
churches. 

Targee  Pass.    See  TrGHiys  Pass. 

Targu-Vestea,  Roumania.    See  Tergovist. 

Tar  Hill,  or  Tar  Heel,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.O. 

Tarifa,  ti-ree'f&  (anc.  Ju'lia  Jo'aa?),  a  seaport  town 
of  Spain,  at  its  southern  extremity,  on  the  Strait  of  Gib- 
raltar, province  of  Seville,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gibraltar, 
with  a  light-house  and  modern  fort  on  a  rocky  island,  con- 
nected with  the  mainland  by  a  causeway,  in  lat.  36°  N., 
Ion.  5°  36'  W.     Pop.  5949.     The  town  has  a  Moorish  ap- 

Searance;  it  is  defended  by  an  old  castle  built  by  the 
[oors,  and  has  large  barracks  and  storehouses,  tanneries 
and  potteries,  and  one  of  the  most  active  tunny-  and  an- 
chovy-fisheries in  Spain.  Its  harbor  is  unfit  for  large  ves- 
sels, but  is  frequented  by  numerous  coasters.  Tarifa  was 
long  a  military  post  of  importance  to  the  Moors,  as  it  now 
is  to  the  Spaniards. 

Tarifa,  t&-ree'f&,  a  village  of  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuante- 
pec,  Mexico,  on  the  river  Tarifa,  an  affluent  of  the  Coat- 
zacoalcos. 

Tariffville,  tSr'if-vIl,  a  post-village  in  Simsbury  town- 
ship, Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  on  the 
Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  and  near  the  New  Haven 
&  Northampton  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  a  high  school,  and  has  ample 
water-power.  The  river  here  breaks  through  the  Talcott 
Mountains  and  presents  attractive  scenery. 


Tarjja*  or  Tarixa,  ti-ree'ni,  a  department  of  Bolivia, 
between  lat.  21°  and  22°  S.,  Ion.  62°  and  67°  W.,  having 
S.  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  N.  the  river  Pilcomayo, 
separating  it  from  the  departments  of  Chuquisaca  and  Santa 
Cruz.  Estimated  area,  12,000  square  miles.  It  containi 
many  fertile  valleys,  producing  wheat,  maize,  yerha  matt, 
cacao,  and  flax. 

Tarija,  or  Tarixa,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  capital  of  tha 
above  department,  on  the  river  Tarija,  an  affluent  of  the 
Vermejo,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Cinti.     Pop.  5680. 

Tarim,  t&-reem',  a  river  of  Eastern  Toorkistan,  is  sup- 
posed to  receive  the  waters  of  the  Yurung-Kash,  Zerafsban, 
Kashgar,  Aksoo,  Yarkand,  and  other  important  streams. 
It  flows  E.  and  S.E.  to  the  Lop  Nor. 

Tar'keo,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  6  milea  S. 
of  Greensburg. 

Tarkiln,  tar'kil,  a  station  in  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Providence  <fc  Springfield  Railroad,  17  miles  X.W.  of 
Providence. 

Tarkiln  Creek,  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.J.,  falls  into  Delaware  Bay. 

Tark'ington's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of 
Liberty  co.,  Tex. 

Tarkio,  tar'ke-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Tarkio  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Clarinda.     Pop.  of  the  township,  688. 

Tarkio,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1120. 

Tarkio  River  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  and 
runs  southward  into  the  state  of  Missouri.  It  intersects 
the  cos.  of  Atchison  and  Holt,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Oregon.     It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Tar  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  52 
miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  turpen- 
tine-distillery. 

Tarl'ton,  a  post-village  in  Salt  Creek  township,  Pick- 
away CO.,  0.,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster,  and  11 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  CircleviUe.     It  has  6  churches.     P.  407. 

Tarma,  taR'mi,,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  25 
miles  S.  of  Junin,  in  a  healthy  valley  of  the  Andes.  It 
has  mines  of  silver  and  mercury.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Tarn,  tann  (anc.  Tar'nis),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
Mount  LozSre,  flows  W.  through  the  departments  of  Avey- 
ron.  Tarn,  and  Tarn-et-Garonne,  and  joins  the  Garonne  on 
the  right,  3  miles  W.  of  Moissac.  Length,  220  miles.  Afflu- 
ents, on  the  left,  the  Agout ;  on  the  right,  the  Aveyron. 

Tarn,  a  department  in  the  S.W.  of  France,  formed  of 

Eart  of  the  old  province  of  Upper  Languedoc,  surrounded 
y  the  departments  of  H6rault,  Aude,  Haute-Garonne, 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  and  Aveyron.  Area,  2185  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  346,739.  It  is  traversed  by  ramifications  of 
the  Cgvennes  Mountains  in  the  S.E.;  the  rest  has  undu- 
lating hills  and  fine  plains.  Chief  rivers,  the  Tarn,  Agout, 
and  Aveyron.  One-seventh  of  the  surface  is  covered  by 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile  in  grain  and  fruits ;  wine  is 
made  of  good  quality;  cattle  and  sheep  are  extensively 
reared;  the  horses  are  celebrated.  It  has  mines  of  coal, 
copper,  iron,  and  lead.  Chief  manufactures,  woollens, 
leather,  and  paper.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Albi,  Castres,  Gaillao,  and  L&vaur. 
Capital,  Albi. 

Tarnanaruvo,  Madagascar.    See  Tanakarivoo. 

Tarn-et-Garonne,  taRn-i-g4*ronn',  a  department 
in  the  S.W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province 
of  Guieune,  and  surrounded  by  the  departments  of  Avey- 
ron, Tarn,  Garonne,  Gers,  Lot-et-Garonne,  and  Lot.  Area, 
1405  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  206,596.  Surface  undu- 
lating, and  watered  by  the  Garonne,  Tarn,  and  Aveyron. 
Soil  fertile  in  the  plains.  The  staple  products  are  cereal 
grains,  hemp,  flax,  and  fruits.  The  vine  succeeds  well. 
Horses  and  mules  are  extensively  reared.  The  department 
is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Montauban,  Caus- 
sade,  Castel-Sarrasin,  and  Moissac.     Capital,  Montauban. 

Tarnopol,  taR-no'pol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on 
the  Sered,  80  miles  E.^E.  of  Lemberg.  Pop.  17,210.  It 
has  a  gymnasium,  and  Roman  Catholio  and  Greek  united 
churches. 

Tarnow,  taR'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the 
Biala,  135  miles  W.  of  Lemberg.  Pop.  8459.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  leather. 

Tarnowitz,  taR'no-^its\  or  Tarnowsky-Guraf 
taR-nov'skee-goo'r&,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  45  milea 
S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  7249.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Near  it  are  various  mines. 

Taro,  ti'ro  (anc.  Ta'rua),  a  river  of  North  Italy,  joint 
the  Po  7  miles  W.  of  Casal-Maggiore,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  55  miles.     Affluents,  the  Zeno  and  Stirone. 

Tarodunum,  Wiirtemberg.    See  Dornstettkh. 


TAR 


2588 


Tarom,  tiVom',  written  also  Tanrem,  Tarem,  and 

Taroun,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  96  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  Pop.  3000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall, 
surrounded  by  a  fosse,  and  entered  by  a  single  gate.  It  has 
several  mosques. 

Taroodant,  or  Tarondant.    See  Terodant. 

Tarpau'lin  Cove,  a  harbor  of  Dukes  oo.,  Mass.,  on 
Ifie  E.  side  of  Naushon,  the  largest  of  the  Elizabeth  Islands. 
It  has  a  fixed  light,  80  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat. 
41°  26'  10"  N.;  Ion.  70°  46'  5"  "W. 

Tar'pon,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  oo.,  Va. 

Tar'porley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chester.  Pop.  124.3.  The  town  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  a  national  school,  endowed  almshouses, 
and  other  charities. 

Tarput'try,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Punnair,  district 
and  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  8312. 

Tarr,  or  Tarr's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Tarr's 
Station,  12i  miles  S.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  coal-mine 
and  coke-works. 

Tarragona,  taR-Ri-go'ni  (anc.  Tar'raco),  a  seaport 
city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a  lofty  rock  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Francoli  in  the  Mediterranean,  52  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  18,023.  It  occupies  only  a 
small  portion  of  its  ancient  site ;  has  an  upper  and  a  lower 
town,  on  a  hill  sloping  to  the  sea ;  is  enclosed  by  walls  and 
ramparts,  entered  by  6  gates,  and  defended  by  2  castles.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  very  richly  adorned  internally,  an  arch- 
bishop's palace,  hospital,  seminary,  academies  of  design 
and  naval  architecture,  barracks,  theatre,  and  manufac- 
tures of  coarse  cloth,  hats,  barrels,  soap,  and  spirits,  with  a 
large  export  trade  in  Barcelona  nuts,  almonds,  wine,  brandy, 
and  cork.  It  has  a  great  mole,  finished  in  1874.  Remains 
of  an  amphitheatre,  a  circus,  an  aqueduct,  Ac,  attest  the 
importance  of  Tarraco  in  the  time  of  the  Romans. 

'Tarragona,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  bounded 
S.  by  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  along  which  it  stretches  about 
90  miles.     Area,  2451  square  miles.     Pop.  350,395. 

Tarrakai  (or  Tarakai),  tan'Ri-kl',  Bay  of,  a  name 
sometimes  given  to  the  Gulf  of  Tartary.     S«e  Saghalin. 

Tar'rant,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
West  Fork  of  the  Trinity  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Clear  Fork  and  the  Denton  Fork,  which  touches  the  N.B. 
part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  ash,  pecan,  walnut,  oak, 
&o.  The  soil  is  fertile.^  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork, 
and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  several  important  railways,  which  converge  at 
Fort  Worth,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  5788;  in  1880, 
24,671 ;  in  1890,  41,142. 

Tarrasa,  taR-R&'sfl,  (anc.  Egara  f),  a  town  of  Spain, 

?rovince  and  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  8721. 
t  has  manufactures  of  kerseymeres,  broadcloths,  and 
flannels. 

Tarrega,  taR-R^'g&,  a  town  of  Spain,  proyinoe  and  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  3719. 

Tarr  Farm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Cornplanter  township,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  <fc 
Alleghany  River  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.  of  Oil  City.  Petro- 
leum is  obtained  here. 

Tar'rinsay,  or  Tar'ansay,  an  island  of  the  Outer 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  off  the  entrance  of 
West  Loch  Tarbert,  Harris.  Length,  4i  miles.  Surface 
mountainous  and  sterile. 

Tar  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Granville  oo., 
runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Franklin,  Nash, 
Edgecombe,  and  Pitt,  and  enters  Pamlico  Sound  through  a 
wide  estuary.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  220  miles.  The 
lower  part  of  it  is  called  the  Pamlico  River. 

Tarr's,  apost-office  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.  See  Tarr. 

Tarryall  (tar're-all)  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  near  the 
base  of  Mount  Hamilton,  flows  southeastward  in  the  South 
Park,  and  enters  the  South  Platte  River.  It  is  48  miles 
Icng,  and  falls  4200  feet. 

Tar'ry's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Tarrytown,  t3,r're-t6wn,  a  post-village  in  Greenburg 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  here 
called  Tappan  Sea,  26  miles  above  New  York,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  is  beauti- 
fully situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  and  contains  9  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  fine  hotel,  several  large 
summer  boarding-houses,  many  fine  villas,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  Cottage  Hill  Seminary,  and  has 
manufactures  of  shoes,  pumps,  tinners'  tools,  &c.     Major 


Andrd  was  captured  near  this  place  in  1780.  The  scene  of 
Irving's  story  of  Rip  Van  Winkle  is  laid  in  this  vicinity. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3025  ;  in  1890,  3562. 

Tarsia,  taii'se-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castrovillari.  Severino,  a  celebrated 
anatomist,  was  born  here.     Pop.  1964. 

Tar'sus  (Turk.  Tarsooa  or  Tarsous,  tar^soos'),  a  city 
of  Asia  Minor,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adana,  on  the  river 
Cydnus,  12  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Lat.  36°  56'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  34°  58'  45"  E.  Permanent  pop. 
7000 ;  but  in  winter  it  is  reported  to  have  30,000  inhabitants. 
The  modern  town,  partly  surrounded  by  a  wall,  covers  only 
a  portion  of  the  ancient  site.  The  houses  are  low,  mostly 
of  stone,  terrace-roofed,  and  built  of  the  materials  of  ancient 
structures.  Principal  edifices,  a  castle  built  by  Bayazeed, 
several  mosques,  caravansaries,  public  baths,  and  an  an- 
cient church.  Various  remains  of  antiquity  exist  in  and 
around  the  city.  The  Cydnus  is  navigable  only  for  small 
boats,  and  large  vessels  anchor  in  the  roadstead  of  Mersina, 
8  miles  W.  Its  vicinity  is  highly  productive  in  corn  and 
cotton,  which  articles,  with  wool,  copper,  gall-nuts,  wax, 
goats'  hair,  skins,  hides,  and  hair  sacks,  form  the  chief  ex- 
ports of  Tarsus;  the  principal  imports  being  rice,  sugar, 
coffee,  and  hardwares,  from  Arabia  and  the  Mediterranean. 
According  to  some  ancient  authors,  this  city  was  founded 
by  the  Assyrian  king  Sardanapalus.  It  was  taken  by  both 
Cyrus  and  Alexander,  and  was  the  birthplace  of  St.  Paul, 
the  stoic  Antipater,  and  the  philosopher  Athenodorus. 

Tartaro,  tan-ti'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  flpws  S.,  and  then 
E.,  and  unites  with  the  Castagnaro  in  forming  the  Blanco 
Canal.     Total  course,  60  miles. 

Tar'tary,  a  vast  region  of  Asia  and  Europe,  in  its 
widest  acceptation  extending  from  the  Sea  of  Japan  to  the 
river  Dnieper,  and  thus  comprising  Manchooria,  Mongolia, 
Soongaria,  and  Thian-Shan,  in  the  Chinese  Empire,  the 
states  of  Ferghana,  Ehoondooz,  Bokhara,  and  Khiva,  the 
Kirgheez  Territory,  a  large  part  of  South  Siberia,  and  the 
Russian  governments  N.  of  the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas.  It 
also  comprises  part  of  the  ancient  Sarmatia.  See  the  sev- 
eral articles  relating  to  those  territories;  also  Toorkistan. 

Tartary,  Crim,  Russia.    See  Crimea. 

Tartary,  Gulf  of.    See  Saghalin. 

Tartas,  taR^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  on  the 
Midouze,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  1884. 
It  has  large  saffron-grounds  in  its  vicinity,  and  an  activ* 
trade. 

Tartoma,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dorpat. 

Tarudant,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Terodant. 

Taruman,  a  town  of  Sumatra.     See  Troohon. 

Tarus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Taro. 

Taruscon,  a  town  of  France.     See  Tarascoh. 

Tarut,  Gulf  of  Bahrein.     See  Tirhoot. 

Tar'versvilie,  a  post-office  of  Twiggs  co.,  Ga. 

Tarvis,  taR'vis,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Villach.  Pop.  1099.  Near  it  are  iron-works, 
mines  of  lead  and  zinc,  and  the  Tarvis  Pass  across  the  Car- 
nio  Alps.  Here  the  French,  under  Massena,  defeated  tho 
Austrians  on  the  25th  of  March,  1797. 

Tarvisinm,  the  ancient  name  of  Treviso. 

Tarzo,  taR'zo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Treviso 
district  of  Vittoria.     Pop.  3731. 

Taschow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Tachau. 

Tasco,  td,s'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70  miles 
S.W.  of  Mexico.    It  has  mines  of  silver. 

Tasco,  tis'ko,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of  Colom- 
bia, state  of  Boyaca,  province  of  Tunja. 

"Tash  (or  Tasch)  Ajak,  tish  i^jik',  a  town  of  Central 
Asia,  so  close  to  Khiva  as  to  be  almost  its  suburb.  It  is 
an  old  place,  and  was  once  of  considerable  importance,  but 
a  large  part  of  it  has  been  buried  by  sands. 

Tashbalik,  tish^bi-leek',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkis- 
tan, 25  miles  S.W.  of  Kashgar. 

Tasheka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Koltvan. 

Tash  (or  Tasch)  Haus,  tish  hSws,  a  town  of  Central 
Asia,  khanat  and  42  miles  N.W.  of  Khiva,  on  a  canal  led 
from  the  Amoo-Darya.  It  lies  high,  and  has  about  300 
earthen  huts,  a  castle  of  the  khan,  and  a  fortress. 
W"  Tashkend,  t8,sh^kfind',  written  also  Tashkent  and 
■'^aschkend,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Syr-Darya,  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Khokan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Jaxartes.  It 
is  reported  to  be  enclosed  by  a  high  brick  wall,  entered  by 
12  gates,  and  intersected  by  canals.  It  has  a  garrison, 
many  mosques,  and  other  public  buildings.     Pop.  86,233. 

Tash-Kupree,  tJLsh-koo'pree^  (the  "stone  bridge"), 
written  also  Tash-Kupri  and  Tash-Kopri,  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  52  miles  S.W.  of  Sinope.  It  is  reported  to 
have  1500  houses,  several  baths  and  khans,  manufactures  of 


TAS 


2589 


TAT 


leather  and  iron-wares,  and  some  remains  of  the  ancient 

Pompeiop'olia. 
Tashkurgan,  Asia.    See  Khooloou. 
Tashiidje,  t&sh'le-j&,  written  also  Toshlidscha,  a 

town  of  Bosnia,  66  miles  S.E.  of  Bosna-Serai,  and  N.W.  of 
Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  4000.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 

Tashun,  tA^shoon'  (?),  a  ruined  town  of  Persia,  in 
Khoozistan,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Behbehan.  It  waa  onoe 
important. 

Ta-Sine-Shan,  or  Ta-Siue-Chan,  ti^see-w4^- 
sh&n'  (t.e.,  "  great  snow  mountain"),  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen,  Lat.  30°  13'  N.;  Ion.  102°  24'  E. 
It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Tasmania^  taz-ma'ne-a  (formerly  Van  Diemeu's 
(dee'm^nz)  Land),  a  British  colony  of  the  South  Pacific, 
forming  a  large  heart-shaped  island,  off  the  southernmost 
point  of  Australia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Bass's 
Strait,  129  miles  wide.  It  is  comprised  between  lat.  40"  38' 
and  43°  40'  S.  and  Ion.  144°  40'  and  148°  20'  E.,  with  an 
extent  of  200  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  a  length  of  200  miles 
from  E.  to  W.  Area,  26,216  sq.  m.  Pop.  in  1881, 115,705  ; 
in  1 891,  146,667.  The  central  part  of  the  island  is  a  table- 
land, averaging  3000  feet  above  the  sea,  on  which  are  seven 
lakes,  varying  in  size  from  2600  to  50,000  acres.  The 
scenery  is  diversified  with  lofty  mountains  and  immense 
forests,  particularly  over  the  western  parts,  which  are  still 
all  but  uninhabited.  In  many  cases  the  trees  reach  the 
height  of  350  feet  and  are  of  vast  girth.  Of  the  eastern 
mountain-range,  Ben -Lomond  is  5000  feet  in  elevation. 
Mount  Barrow  4644  feet,  and  Mount  Wellington,  a  mag- 
nificent pile,  rising  close  to  the  sea-level  behind  Hobart 
Town,  4166  feet.  The  western  range  has  Cradle  Mountain, 
5069  feet;  Frenchman's  Cap,  4756  feet;  Dry's  Bluff,  4257 
feet ;  and  Valentine's  Peak,  which  is  seen  60  miles  off,  4000 
feet.  The  chief  rivers  are,  in  the  S.,  the  Derwent  and  its 
branches  and  the  Huon,  and,  in  the  N.,  the  Tamar,  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  North  and  South  Esk.  The  chief 
harbors  are  Storm  Bay,  leading  to  Hobart  Town,  and  Mao- 
quarie  Harbor,  on  the  W.  coast.  The  soil  is  good ;  but, 
owing  to  the  prevalence  of  the  forest,  the  labor  of  clearing 
has  been  very  great,  and  the  total  area  of  land  in  cultivation 
is  about  350,000  acres,  yielding  of  wheat  about  1,250,000 
bushels  and  of  oats  about  1,000,000  bushels  per  annum. 
•The  principal  minerals  are  gold,  load,  copper,  iron,  tin, 
coal,  and  precious  stones.  Coal  exists  in  nearly  every  part 
of  Tasmania.  The  mines  chiefly  wrought  hitherto  are  situ- 
ated in  Tasman's  Peninsula,  but  it  is  believed  that  coal- 
beds  of  far  greater  value  exist  in  other  parts  of  the  island. 
Anthracite  is  abundant  on  the  southern  side  of  the  island. 
The  small  quantity  of  gold  hitherto  found  was  obtained 
near  Fingal,  though  it  is  probable  that  the  whole  country 
is  more  or  less  auriferous.  Iron  ore  of  excellent  quality 
abounds  all  over  the  colony,  while  galena  and  ores  of  tin, 
bismuth,  and  copper  are  found  in  different  places.  The 
forests  yield  inexhaustible  supplies  of  valuable  timber 
adapted  for  house-  and  ship-Duilding.  The  climate  is 
salubrious  and  delightful.  At  Port  Arthur,  in  Tasman's 
Peninsula,  lat.  43°  10'  S.,  the  mean  temperature  of  the 
year  is  58°  Fahr.,  of  the  coldest  month,  53°,  of  the  warm- 
est, 62°;  mean  temperature  of  the  whole  island,  about 
53°.  The  average  annual  rainfall  in  the  island  is  about  21 
inches.  The  staple  products  are  wool,  grain,  fruit,  and 
timber.  The  live-stock  number  as  follows :  sheep,  1,500,000 ; 
cattle,  125,000;  horses,  26,000.  Exports  per  annum,  about 
£1,800,000.  Chief  items,  wool,  bars,  timber,  flour,  fruit, 
vegetables,  wheat,  oats,  hides,  skins  and  leather,  and  sperm 
oil.  Imports,  £1,500,000.  About  1400  vessels,  of  700,000 
tons,  enter  and  clear  the  port  annually.  The  whaling- 
trade  is  a  branch  of  industry  which  yields  to  the  colony 
about  £60,000  a  year.  Gross  revenue,  about  £700,000 ;  ex- 
penditure, £600,000.  The  public  debt  of  the  colony  in  1891 
was  £7,110,290.  Including  Flinders  and  Barren  Isles,  it 
is  divided  into  19  counties.  The  chief  towns  are  Hobart 
Town  (the  capital),  in  the  S.,  Launoeston,  in  the  N.,  at  the 
head  of  the  Tamar  navigation,  Richmond,  on  Coal  River, 
Longford,  Perth, Westbury,  Oatlands,  New  Norfolk,  Ac.  The 
island  has  an  extensive  system  of  electric  telegraph,  and 
in  August,  1859,  a  cable  was  laid  across  Bass's  Strait.  In 
1891  it  had  426  miles  of  railway  and  2082  miles  of  telegraph 
line  open.  In  common  with  the  ac^aoent  colonies,  Tas- 
mania enjoys  self-government.  The  governor  is  appointed 
by  the  queen,  and  there  are  two  houses  of  legislature,  both 
being  elective,  but  upon  different  qualifications.  The  island 
was  discovered  by  Tasman  in  1642,  and  named  Van  Die- 
men's  Land,  in  honor  of  the  Dutch  governor  of  the  East 
Indies.  It  was  afterwards  partly  explored  by  Cook  in  1769. 
The  first  penal  settlement  formed  there  was  in  1803,  but 


in  1862,  penal  transportation  having  been  abolished,  the 
name  of  the  colony  was  changed  to  Tasmania. 

Tasman's  (t&z'm^nz)  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  N.  coast 
of  South  Island,  New  Zealand. 

Tasman's  Peninsula,  in  Tasmania,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, is  connected  N.  with  Forester's  Peninsula.  Length, 
24  miles ;  breadth,  18  miles.  On  its  N.  and  W.  sides  are 
Norfolk  and  Storm  Bays.  Capes  Raoul  and  Pillar  form  iM 
S.W.  and  S.E.  extremities. 

Tasnad,  tdsh^n&d',  or  Trestenbnrg,  tris't9n-b55Ro\ 
a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  of  Szolnok,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Nagy  Karoly.     Pop.  7069. 

'Tassin,  tis'sin  or  tis^seen',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  on 
a  deep  and  rapid  river,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Free  Town.  It  is 
a  large  place,  fenced  with  mud  walls  pierced  for  musketry. 

Tassinong,  tass'9-n5ng,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  in  Morgan  township,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  L» 
Porte.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Tassisudon,  tis^see-soo-don',  a  capital  town  of  Bootan, 
in  a  valley  of  the  Himalayas,  near  the  Thibet  frontier.  Lat. 
27°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  40'  E.  It  has  a  fortified  palace  of  the 
Deb-rajah. 

Tasswitz,  tiss'^its,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Znaym.     Pop.  1160. 

Tatacoto,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Nahcisstjs. 

Tatamagonche,  ti-tS.-m&-goosh',  a  town  of  Colches- 
ter CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  fine  harbor  on  Northumberland 
Strait,  30  miles  N.  of  Truro,  and  18  miles  from  Wentworth. 
It  has  12  stores,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  freestone-quarries 
and  copper-mines.    Ship-building  is  engaged  in.    Pop.  500. 

Tatar  Bazardjik,  ti^tar'  bi^zar-jeek',  a  town  of 
Eastern  Roumelia,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philippopolis,  on 
the  Maritza,  between  Belgrade  and  Constantinople. 

Tatay,  tS.-ti',  a  seaport  town  of  the  Philippines,  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Calamianes,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the 
island  of  Palawan. 

Tate,  tait,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  is 
intersected  by  the  Coldwater  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Memphis  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Senatobia.  Pop.  in 
1880,  18,721  ;  in  1890,  19,253. 

Tate  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tate  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Morristown.  Here  i« 
a  mineral  spring. 

Tatesville,  taits'vll,  or  Tateville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Pulaski  CO.,  Ky.,  on  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Cincin- 
nati Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Somerset.  It  has  a 
church. 

Tatesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bed- 
ford borough. 

Tatesville,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn. 

Ta-Thsing-Shan,  or  Ta-Thsing-Chan,  i,l>- 
tsing^shin'  {i.e.,  "great  blue  mountain"),  a  mountain  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-See,  lat.  41°  50'  N.,  Ion.  109°  37' 
E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Tatihon,  tiHee^ftN"',  an  island  of  France,  off  the  coast 
of  Manche,  strongly  fortified,  and  forming  one  of  the  de- 
fences of  the  roadstead  of  Hague. 

'Tat'lock,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Almonte.    Pop.  100. 

Tatnall,  tat'ng,!,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  1123  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Cannouchee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Altamaha  River.  It  is  also  intersected  by  the  Great  Ohoo- 
pee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
sandy.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Georgia.  Capital,  Reidsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4860 ;  in 
1880,  6988  ;  in  1890,  10,253. 

Taton'ka,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Ta'ton's,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  87». 

Tatrang,  t4'tr&ng\   or  Tirlunschien,  tg5K'156n- 

sheen\  a  town  of  Transylvania,  S.E.  of  Kronstadt.   P.  2813. 

Tatra  Range,  Hungary.    See  Carpathians. 

Tat-Seen-IiOO,  or  Ta-Tsien-Ln,  t&t^seenMoo',  • 

fortified  town  of  China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  125  miles 

W.S.W.  of  Ching-Too-Foo.    Lat.  30°  8'  N.;  Ion.  102°  B. 

It  has  an  extensive  trade  with  Thibet.  Pop.  about  600,000. 

Tatta,  or  Tattah,  tit'ti,  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde, 

in  the  delta  of  the  Indus,  W.  of  its  main  stream,  and  48 

miles  S.S.W.  of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  24°  46'  N.;  Ion.  68°  E. 

Pop.  7961.     It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Pattala  of  Alexander's 

historians ;  its  antiquity  is  unquestioned,  ruins  surround- 


TAT 


2590 


TAU 


ing  it  on  all  sides.  Its  outward  appearance  is  imposing. 
The  principal  edifice  is  the  brick  mosque  of  Shah-Jehan. 
It  has  some  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton. 

Tatta,  t&t't3,,  a  town  and  caravan -station  of  Morocco, 
on  the  Drah,  and  on  the  borders  of  the  desert,  200  miles  S, 
of  Morocco. 

Tattarau,  t&t^ti-r&n',  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands,  be- 
tween the  Baseelan  and  Belaun  Islands.  Lat.  6°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  122°  E. 

Tat'tershall,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lincoln,  8J 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Hornoastle,  on  the  Great  North  Lincoln 
Railway.  It  has  a  beautiful  cruciform  church,  and  in  the 
vicinity  are  the  ruins  of  Tattershall  Castle. 

Tauai,  Hawaii  Islands.    See  Atauai. 

Tanbate,  tSw-b&'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  80 
miles  N.  of  SSo  Paulo.     Pop.  of  the  district,  10,000. 

Tauber,  tSw'b^r,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  WUrtemberg,  and 
Baden,  rises  near  Rothenburg,  flows  N.W.  past  Mergen- 
theim  and  Bischofsheim-am-Taaber,  and  joins  the  Main  at 
Wertheim.     Course,  70  miles. 

Tauber-Bischofsheim.  See  Bischofshbih-au- 
Tacber. 

Taucha,  tSw'Ki,  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  E.N.B.  of 
Leipsic,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Elster.     Pop.  2698. 

Taudeny,  Toudeny,  or  Taoudyny,  t3w'de-nee\  a 
town  of  Africa,  on  the  Great  Desert,  noted  for  its  salt-mines. 
Lat.  about  22°  N. ;  Ion.  4°  W. 

Taughannock,  taw-gan'nSk,  a  station  in  Tompkins 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Cayuga  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of 
Ithaca. 

Taughannock  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  <fc  Sayre  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Cayuga  Lake,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca.  Here  is  a  fine 
cascade  190  feet  high,  formed  by  a  small  creek,  the  water 
of  which  is  precipitated  into  a  deep  chasm,  with  clifis  on 
either  side  300  feet  in  height.  This  fall  forms  one  of  the 
most  romantic  and  picturesque  scenes  in  the  whole  of 
Western  New  York. 

Taugon-la-Ronde,  t5*g6ij«'-l&-r6Nd,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  arrondissement  of  La  Ro- 
chelle.     Pop.  1361. 

Tai^jgaon,  a  town  of  India.    See  Tazgaon. 

Tatyiks,  taw^jeeks',  Tadjiks,  or  Ti^iks,  tl^jeeks', 
a  people  of  Persia  and  Afghanistan.  They  constitute  the 
principal  part  of  the  present  population  of  Persia.  They 
are  distinct  from  the  Parsees  or  Guebres.  They  call  them- 
selves Parsivan,  or  "  Persians,"  and  are  of  Indo-European 
race. 

Taul6,  t5M4',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Finistdre,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  647. 

Taulignan,  toMeen^yftN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drfime, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mont^limar,  with  manufactures  of  wool- 
lens, silks,  leather,  wine,  Ac.     Pop.  1248. 

Taun,  a  district  of  West  Africa,  in  Upper  Guinea. 

Tannda,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tandah. 

Taungu,  a  town  of  British  Burmah.     See  Toungoo. 

Taanton,  tin'tpn,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, on  the  river  Tone,  with  a  station  on  the  Bristol  <fe 
Exeter  Railway,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bridgewater.  Pop. 
15,466.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Mary 
Magdalen,  St.  James's  church,  the  church  of  St.  John,  a 
Roman  Catholic  and  other  chapels,  the  market-house,  with 
the  town  hall  and  assembly-rooms,  the  Taunton  and  Somer- 
set Institution,  with  news-rooms  and  a  valuable  library,  the 
theatre,  the  West-of- England  College  for  Dissenters,  and  a 
castle  built  in  the  time  of  Henry  I.  Here  are  grammar- 
and  other  schools,  almshouses  and  other  charities,  the  Taun- 
ton and  Somerset  Hospital,  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  an  eye 
infirmary.  Manufactures  of  silks  and  woollens  have  de- 
clined, but  are  still  carried  on  to  some  extent. 

Taunton  ia  of  great  antiquity,  and  appears  to  have  been 
a  Roman  station.  About  a.d.  700,  Ina,  King  of  the  West 
Saxons,  built  a  castle  here,  and  near  its  site  another  castle 
was  built  by  William  the  Conqueror.  It  figures  in  English 
history,  and  during  the  civil  war,  when  held  by  the  Parlia- 
mentarians, made  a  celebrated  defence  against  the  Royalists. 
The  Duke  of  Monmouth  was  proclaimed  king  here  in  1685, 
and  the  inhabitants,  in  consequence,  suffered  much  from 
the  cruelties  of  the  notorious  Jefireys  during  his  "  bloody 
assize."     Taunton  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 

Taunton,  tawn't9n,  a  village  in  Belmont  township, 
Warren  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianola.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  machine-shop. 

Taunton,  a  manufacturing  city,  the  capital  of  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Taun- 
ton River,  34  miles  S.  of  Boston,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Providence,  and  16  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Fall  River.     Lat.  41** 


54'  11"  N. }  Ion.  71*  5'  55"  W.  It  is'on  the  Old  Colony 
division  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad 
system.  It  is  handsomely  built,  is  lighted  with  gas  and 
electricity,  and  has  a  central  park  called  "  Taunton  Green," 
which  name  is  often  given  to  the  central  nucleus  of  the 
city  itself,  there  being  several  villages,  such  as  Weir, 
Walker,  Oakland,  Whittenton,  and  Bast  Taunton,  within 
the  limits  of  the  city.  Many  of  the  residences  are  beauti- 
ful, and  are  surrounded  with  highly-ornamental  grounds. 
Taunton  contains  a  court-house  erected  at  a  cost  of 
$310,000,  a  city  hall,  17  churches,  a  public  library  of  18,000 
volumes,  several  elegant  school  buildings,  a  public  high 
school,  the  Bristol  Academy  (incorporated  in  1792),  3 
national  banks,  5  savings-institutions,  a  first-class  hotel, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  weekly  and  3  daily  news- 
papers. It  lias  also  a  handsome  new  opera-house,  and  a 
new  (1894)  Odd  Fellows'  hall.  Among  the  churches,  the 
Congregational,  the  Baptist,  the  Catholic,  the  Episcopal, 
and  the  Unitarian  are  considered  fine  specimens  of  archi- 
tecture. Here  is  also  a  state  lunatic  asylum.  The  manu- 
fkotures  of  Taunton  are  extensive,  comprising  cotton  and 
other  machinery,  shoes,  steam-engines,  nails,  tacks,  screws, 
britannia-ware,  jewelry,  copper-ware,  Ac.  It  has  9  large 
ootton-mills,  15  foundries,  several  brick-yards  with  an 
annual  output  of  about  20,000,000  bricks,  and  locomotive 
works  which  employ  about  1200  men.  The  buildings  of 
the  Taunton  Copper  Company  cover  nearly  15  acres. 
Taunton  was  founded  and  first  settled  in  1639.  It  was 
incorporated  as  a  township  in  1639,  and  as  a  city  in  1864. 
Pop.  in  1850,  10,431 ;  in  1860,  15,376 ;  in  1870,  18,629 ;  in 
1880,  21,213;  in  1890,  26,448;  present  pop.  about  28,000. 

1  aunton  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Plymouth 
CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Bristol  co.,  and  enters 
Mount  Hope  Bay  at  the  city  of  Fall  River.  It  affords  ex- 
tensive water-power.     It  is  navigable  to  Taunton. 

Tannus,  t5w'n5S8,  or  Hohe,  ho'^h,  a  mountain-range 
of  West  Germany,  extends  for  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
the  Rhine,  and  is  continuous  on  the  N.E.  with  the  Vogel- 
berg,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Main  on  the  S.  from  that 
of  the  Lahn  on  the  N. 

Tau'po  Lake,  New  Zealand,  is  in  the  centre  of  North 
Island.     Length,  30  miles;  average  breadth,  15  miles. 

Tanran'ga,  a  harbor  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  S.W. 
side  of  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  in  North  Island.  Lat.  37°  37' 
S.;  Ion.  176°  11'  E. 

Taurano,  t5w-r4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  E.S.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  1282. 

Taurasi,  tSw-ri'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  N.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  1988. 

Taurasia,  an  ancient  name  of  Turin. 

Taurem,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Tarom. 

Tanrica  Chersonesus,  Russia.     See  Crimea. 

Taurida,  tSw're-da  (from  the  Gr.  Tavpis),  or  Krim , 
krim,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  44°  25'  and  47° 
40'  N.  and  Ion.  31°  30'  and  36°  30'  E.,  comprising,  with 
the  peninsula  of  the  Crimea,  a  territory  on  the  mainland, 
mostly  separated  from  the  governments  of  Kherson  and 
Yekaterinoslav  by  the  Dnieper  and  its  affluent  the  Konska. 
Area,  24,538  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  964,329,  mostly 
Nogai  Tartars  on  the  mainland,  and  Russians,  Jews,  and 
Greeks  in  the  Crimea.  In  the  Crimea  the  climate  resem- 
bles that  of  Italy.  N.  of  the  mountains  are  extensive 
plains,  destitute  of  trees,  and  interspersed  with  salt  lakes ; 
and  on  the  mainland  the  country  is  mostly  a  desert  steppe, 
on  which,  however,  the  Tartars  rear  vast  herds  of  sheep  and 
horses.  The  Tartars  live  chiefly  on  millet  and  the  produce 
of  their  herds.     Capital,  Simferopol.     See  Crimea. 

Tanris,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Tabreez. 

Tanrisano,  tSw-re-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Lecce,  S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1300. 

Tauromenium,  the  ancient  name  of  Taormina. 

Taurus,  taw'rfis,  a  mountain-chain  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
usually  considered  as  commencing  in  the  E.,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, at  the  Nushara  Cataract,  whence  it  stretches  W., 
nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  for  about 
400  miles,  terminating  to  the  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Adalia.  In 
the  E.  it  takes  the  name  of  Jebel-Kurim ;  in  the  W.  that 
of  Ramadan  Ogloo  Balakav.  It  sends  ofi"  several  branches, 
of  which  the  most  remarkable  are  Alma-Dagh,  which  pro« 
ceeds  S.  into  Syria  and  becomes  linked  with  the  chain  of 
Lebanon  and  the  Anti-Taurus,  which  extends  N.E.,  send- 
ing out  ramifications  which  become  linked  with  Ararat, 
Elbrooz,  and  Caucasus. 

Tauss,  t5wss,  or  Fasta,  foos'ti  (Bohemian,  Domax- 
licze,  do-m4z-lee'chi,  or  Braatow,  dris'tov),  a  town  of  Bo 
hemia,  17  miles  W.  of  Klattau.  Pop.  6969.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  tape. 


TAIT 


2591 


TAY 


TanstC)  tSwa'ti,  a  tovrn  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
liles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.    Pop.  4264.    It  has  manufaotares 
lof  coarse  woollens,  nitre,  and  soap. 

Taaves,  tor,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dftme,  28 
jiles  S.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Tauxignyt  tSx^een^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre- 
'•t-Loire,  arrondissement  of  Loches,     Pop.  1311. 

Tavai)  or  Tavay,  India.    See  Tavot. 

Tavai-Poenamoo.    See  New  Zealand. 

TavanneS)  t&V&n',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Born,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bienne,  and  close  to  the  pass  of 
Pierre- Pertuis  in  the  Jura  Mountains. 

Tavastehnus,  t4-vis't4-hoos,  written  also  Tawast- 
huuS)  a  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  a  Isen,  on  a  railwaj, 
^8  miles  N.E.  of  Abo.  Pop.  3506.  It  has  a  government 
house  and  an  ancient  castle,  with  an  arsenal  and  imperial 
magazines. 

TavastehanS)  a  government  of  Finland,  in  the  S.W. 
Area,  8333  square  miles.  Capital,  Tavastehuus.  Pop. 
197,140. 

Tavda)  tiv'di,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Tobol  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  200  miles. 

Tav'ern,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.     Pop.  796. 

Taverna,  ti-vSB'na,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  N.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2093. 

Tav'ern  Creek,  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.,  flows  N.  into  the 
Osage  River. 

Taviano,  ti-ve-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Qallipoli,  and  not  far  from  the  Gulf 
of  Taranto.     Pop.  2469. 

TarignanOy  ti-veen-y&'no  (anc.  Sa'crum  Flu'tnen), 
the  principal  river  of  Corsica,  enters  the  sea  on  its  E.  coast, 
after  a  course  of  46  miles. 
^  Tavira,  t4-vee'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  21 
t  miles  E.N.B.  of  Faro,  on  the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Beca.  Pop.  10,343.  It  has  a  handsome  governor's  palace, 
A  brisk  river-traffic  with  the  interior,  and  an  active  fishery. 

Tav'istock,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on 
the  Tavy,  13  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  Pop.  7725.  The  town 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  church,  dissenting  chapels,  a  guild 
hall,  market-house,  almshouses,  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  a 
dispensary.  Some  serges  and  coarse  linens  are  made ; 
mining  and  iron-works  employ  a  few  hands;  but  the  popu- 
lation is  chiefly  agricultural.  The  borough  returns  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Tav'istock,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Bufi"alo  <fc  Goderich  Branch),  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Stratford.  It  contains  a  woollen-mill,  a  flax- 
mill,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Tavolara,  t&-vo-l&'r&,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
off"  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Tavoos,  or  Tavous,  tiVoos',  written  also  Ungi 
(anc.  Calbia  f),  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises  in  Mount 
Baba-Dagh,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean 
N.E.  of  the  island  of  Rhodes.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Tavoy,  tiVoi',  Tavai,  or  Tavay,  t4-vi',  a  river  of 
India,  rises  about  lat.  14°  50'  N.,  Ion.  98°  30'  E.,  flows  S. 
100  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Tavoy,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Tenasserim 
coast,  capital  of  a  district,  on  the  Tavoy  River,  90  miles  S. 
of  Ye,  and  25  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  a  bazaar  and 
barracks.     Pop.  14,469. 

Tavoy,  a  district  of  British  Burmah,  in  Tenasserim, 
having  Amherst  district  on  the  N.,  Siam  on  the  E.,  Mergui 
on  the  S.,  and  the  sea  on  the  W.  Area,  7200  square  miles. 
Capital,  Tavoy.     Pop.  71,827. 

Tavrov,  Tawrow,  tivVov',  Tavrovskaia,  or 
Tawrowskaja,  tlv-rov-ski'l,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  13  miles  S.  of  Voronezh,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Don  and  the  Voronezh.  It  was  strongly  fortified 
by  Peter  the  Great,  who  established  large  arsenals,  cloth- 
factories,  Ac,  and  had  vessels  of  war  built  here;  but  in 
1744  it  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire. 

Ta'vy,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in  Dart- 
moor, flows  S.S.W,  past  Tavistock,  and  enters  the  Tamar  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Saltash.     Total  course,  26  miles. 

Taw,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in  Dart- 
moor, and,  after  being  joined  by  the  Torridge  from  the  S., 
enters  Bideford  Bay.     Length,  50  miles. 

Tawally,  tJL-wM'lee,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, 25  miles  S.W.  of  Gilolo.   Lat.  0°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  2*  E. 

Taw'as  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iosco  co., 
Mich.,  in  Tawas  township,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Saginaw 
Bay,  about  54  miles  N.N.B.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  3  steam  saw-mills, 
and  a  planing-mill.  Here  is  the  best  natural  harbor  of 
refuge  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Huron.    Pop.  in  1890, 1644. 


Tawasthuns,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  T!a.vjlbtkbwb. 

Tawat,  an  oasis  of  Africa.     See  Tooat. 

TavvaAva,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  New  Palestine. 

Tawee-Tawee,  t4'wee^-t4'wee\  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  ofFUhe  N.E.  extremity  of  Borneo,  and 
belonging  to  the  Sooloo  Island  chain.  Lat.  of  W.  point, 
6°  18'  N.;  Ion.  119°  26'  E.  Length,  40  miles;  breadth, 
15  miles. 

Tawrow,  or  Tawrowskiya.    See  Tavbov. 

Tax'ada,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  opposite 
Jervis  Inlet,  British  Columbia.  It  is  18  miles  in  length 
by  5  or  6  miles  in  breadth,  and  contains  valuable  deposits 
of  hematite  iron. 

Taxahau,  tax'a-haw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co., 
S.C,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Monroe,  N.C. 

Taxamulco,  a  town  of  Guatemala.    See  Tajahulco. 

Tay ,  t4,  a  principal  river  and  estuary  of  Scotland,  drain- 
ing nearly  the  whole  of  the  co.  of  Perth,  with  a  part  of  the 
CO.  of  Forfarshire,  rises  by  two  main  heads,  which  unite  a 
few  miles  N.  of  Loch  Tay,  flows  E.  and  S.  past  Aberfeldie, 
Dunkeld,  and  Perth,  after  which  it  expands  into  a  noble 
estuary  from  1  to  3  miles  in  width,  and  joins  the  Firth  of 
Forth,  in  the  North  Sea,  between  Ferryport-on-Craig  on  the 
S.  and  Buttonness  on  the  N.  Length,  from  120  to  160  miles. 
It  winds  through  a  country  of  great  picturesque  beauty. 
Dundee  and  Errol  are  on  the  N.  side  and  Newburgh  on 
the  S.  side  of  its  estuary,  and  it  is  navigable  from  the  sea 
to  Newburgh,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Taya,  ti'4,  an  islet  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  S.E.  of 
Lingen,  in  lat.  0°  45'  N.,  Ion.  104°  55'  E. 

Taya,  ti'3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and 
about  7  miles  from  Barcelona. 

Tayabas,  ti-i'B&s,  a  tcwn  of  the  Philippines,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  capital  of  a  province  of  the 
same  name,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Manila. 

Taycheeda,  t|l-chee'dah,  a  post-village  in  Taycheeda 
township.  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  Winnebago,  and 
on  the  Sheboygan  A  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1500. 

Tayf,  tif,  or  Tayef,  tl'fif,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  El 
Hejaz,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mecca.  It  is  defended  by  sev- 
eral forts,  and  has  a  celebrated  mosque. 

Taygetus,  Greece.     See  Mount  St.  Elias. 

Tay,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Tay. 

Tayloe's  (ta'loze)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Perry 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of 
Selma. 

Taylor,  ta'l^r,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  has 
an  area  of  about  1079  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Aucilla 
River.  It  is  also  drained  by  New  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  a  little  cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  com.  No 
railroad  lines  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Perry.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1453;  in  1880,  2279;  in  1890,  2122. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  356  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Flint  River,  and  also  drained  by  Whitewater  Cruek. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  through  its  central  region  by  the  Southwestern 
Railroad.  Capital,  Butler.  Pop.  in  1870,7143;  in  1880, 
8597;  in  1890,8666. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  borders  on 
Missouri.  Area,  640  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  river  One  Hundred  and  Two,  and  drained  by  Honey 
Creek  and  Platte  River,  which  traverse  the  S.E.  part  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  a  railroad  which  connects  Creston,  Iowa,  with 
Hopkins,  Mo.  Capital,  Bedford.  Pop.  in  1870,  6989 ;  in 
1880,  15,636;  in  1890,  16,384. 

Taylor,  a  small  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, is  drained  by  Green  River  and  Robinson's  Creek. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  tobacco,  oats,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  A  branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville Railroad  traverses  this  county.  Capital,  Campbells- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  8226;  in  1880,  9259;  in  1890,  9353. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Clear  Fork  of  Brasos  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railway.  Capital,  Abilene.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1736;  in  1890,  6946. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  arfia  of  about  177  square  miles.    It  is  intersected  by 


TAY 


2592 


TAY 


Tyjfart'g  Valley  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  lumber,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  Grafton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9367;  in  1880,  11,465;  in 
1890,12,147. 

TaylOF)  a  post-hamlet  of  Apaohe  oo.,  Arizona,  on  a 
head- stream  of  the  Colorado,  4S  miles  W.  of  St.  John's. 

Taylor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor  township,  Ogle  co., 
ni.,  about  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dixon.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Rock  River.     Pop.  of  townehip,  402. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1677. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1259. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  757. 

Taylor,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  932. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  968. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  967, 
flxclusive  of  Vinton. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1833. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  668. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  487. 

Taylor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  plough-factory. 

Taylor,  a  station  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Mar- 
quette, Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
L'Anse. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1067. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Greene  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  998. 

Taylor,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Quincy, 
Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Quincy,  111. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.     Pop.  920. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     I^p.  628. 

Taylor,  or  Taylorville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor 
township,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Bing- 
hamton.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Taylor  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1025. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1141. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1368. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1670. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  512. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  868. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     Pop.  736. 

Taylor,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co,,  S.C. 

Taylor,  a  post-village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  church,  several  stores,  Ac. 

Taylor,  Williamson  co.,  Texas.    See  Taylortillb. 

Taylor  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
a  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 

Taylor  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Cortland  co.,  N.T., 
about  13  miles  E.  of  Cortland  Village. 

Taylor  Creek,  Nebraska,  drains  part  of  Madison  oo., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Elknorn  River  in  Stan- 
ton CO.,  2  or  3  miles  below  the  village  of  Stanton. 

Taylor  Creek,  a  township  of  Hardin  oo.,  0.    P.  891. 

Taylor  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  about 
30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Duquoin. 

Taylorholme,  ta'lQr-hSm,  a  post-village  in  Russell 
«o.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Taylor  Mine,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Pa- 
ducati  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  108  miles  S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville. 

Taylor  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Rook  Island  co.,  111., 
on  the  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Rock  Island. 

Taylor's,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  555. 

Taylor's,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Taylor's  Bayou,  bi'oo,  post-office,  Jefferson  co.,  Tex. 

Taylor's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  4  miles  from  Townsend. 

Taylor's  Bridge,  a  post-township  of  Sampson  co., 
N.C,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  is 
drained  by  Black  River.     Pop.  1521. 

Taylorsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Newport  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taylor's  Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  N.  of  Somerville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  2  stores. 

Taylor's  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Liberty  co.,  runs  E., 
and  enters  the  Cannouchee  River  in  Bryan  co.,  near  Eden. 

Taylor's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francis  oo.. 
Ark.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Forrest  City. 

Taylor's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga., 
an  Taylor's  Creek,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  grist-mill.    '* 


Taylor's  Creek,  a  post-vi41age  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
in  Colerain  township,  6  miles  from  Cheviot  Station.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Taylor's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  A  New  Orleans  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Taylor's  Falls,  an  incorporated  town  of  Chisago  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  30  miles  above  Still- 
water, and  on  a  branch  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Railroad, 
50  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  lum- 
ber, and  contains  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  graded 
schools,  and  several  mills.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  567 ;  present  pop.  about  1000. 

Taylor's  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  on  an  island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taylor's  Mountain,  New  York,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.  Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  450O 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Taylor's  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa., 
2i  miles  from  Riceville  Station,  and  about  13  miles  N.N. W. 
of  Titusville. 

Taylor's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Pottawattamie  co., 
Iowa,  18  miles  E.  of  Council  Bluffs. 

Taylor's  Station,  a  post-offioe  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  railroad  between  Louisville  and  Shelbyville,  17  mile* 
E.  of  Louisville. 

Taylor's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0., 
on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 8i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taylor's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Taylor  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of 
Winona,  Minn. 

Taylorstown,  ta'lgrz-tfiwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  in  Buffalo  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Balti- 
more k  Ohio  Railroad,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  25  houses.     Pop.  98. 

Taylorstown,  a post-hamletof  Loudoun  o«.,  Va.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Taylor8ville,ta'l9rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plumas  co., 
Cal.,  in  Indian  Valley,  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Quincy.. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Cherokee  Railroad,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Taylorsville,  or  Taylorville,  a  post-town,  capital 
of  Christian  co.,  111.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Sangamon 
River,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio 
<fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  26^  miles  S.E.  of  Springfielci,  and 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  three  banking-houses,  2  good  public  school-houses,  a 
plough-factory,  Ac. "   Pop.  in  1880,  2237 ;  in  1890,  2829. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-village  in  German  township,  Bar- 
tholomew CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  6^  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  350. 

Taylorsville,  a  hamlet  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  8J  miles 
W.  of  Dale  Station.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Polk  Patch 
Post-Office. 

Taylorsville,  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Fair- 
field township,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Independence,  and 
2  miles  E.  of  the  Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Spencer  co., 
Ky.,  in  a  beautiful  valley  on  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River, 
about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  2  mills.  It  is  on  the  Cumberland  A 
Ohio  Railroad.     Pop.  750. 

Taylorsville,  a  hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
South  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church. 

Taylorsville,  a  hamlet  in  Granby  township,  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-town  of  North  Carolina,  capital 
of  Alexander  co.,  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  fine  mountain 
scenery  at  the  terminus  of  a  railroad  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Statesville.  It  has  5  churches,  a  Baptist  institute,  and 
manufactures  of  tobacco  and  furniture.     Pop.  about  800. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0., 
on  the  Miami  River  and  the  Miami  Canal,  about  8  miles  • 
N.  of  Dayton. 

Taylorsville,  (Philo  Post-Office),  a  village  in  Harrison 
township,  Muskingum  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River, 
opposite  Duncan's  Falls,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zanesville.     It 


TAY 


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TUB 


I 


has  4  obarches,  2  woollen-mills,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  631. 

Taylorsville^  a  post-village  in  Upper  Makefield  town- 
ship, Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  lU  miles  above 
Trenton.     It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  and  a  church. 

TaylorsTille^  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Qreen 
township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  brewery.     Here  is  Utah  Post-OfiSce. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Lockbart,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Taylorsvilley  a  post- village  of  Salt  Lake  oo.,  Utah,  5 
miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Taylorsvillef  a  post-village  of  Hanover  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  South  Anna  River  and  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg 
A  Potomac  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Taylorsville,  Virginia.     See  Patrick  Court-Housb. 

Taylortown,  New  Brunswick.  See  Upper  Sheffield. 

Taylor  Village^  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Memramcook.     Pop.  100. 

Taylorville,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Taylorville,  Christian  co.,  III.     See  Tatlorsvillb. 

Taylorville,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.    See  Tatlor. 

Taylorville,  a  village  and  station  of  Lackawanna  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  coal-breaker. 

Taylorville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  at  Taylor 
Station,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  oflBoe,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  500. 

Taylorwick,  ta'lgr-wik,  a  station  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Tay  Mills,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 18  miles  N.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  100. 

Taymouth,  ta'miith,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taymouth  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Flint  River,  about  12  miles  S. 
of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop,  of  township,  1154. 

Tayo,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Tagus. 

Tay  Settlement,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  22  miles  N.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  150, 

Tay  wan,  China  Sea.    See  Formosa. 

Tay- Yuen,  a  city  of  China.    See  Tai-Yuan. 

Taz,  tiz,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  on  the  frontiers  of  the 
government  of  Tobolsk  and  Yenisei,  flows  N.N.E.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of 
Tazovsk,  which  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Obi. 

Tazeen,  t&^zeen',  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  at  the  E, 
foot  of  the  pass  of  the  Huft-Kotul,  26  miles  from  Cabool, 
Lat.  34°  21'  N, ;  Ion.  69°  28'  E, 

Tazewell,  taz'w§l,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Mackinaw  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  oak,  ash, 
maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian com,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railroads  originally 
named  the  Pekin,  Lincoln  &  Decatur,  the  Chicago  &  Alton, 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western,  the  Toledo,  Pe- 
oria <fc  Warsaw,  the  Peoria,  Pekin  <fc  Jacksonville,  Ac,  some 
of  which  are  now  included  in  other  systems.  Capital,  Pekin. 
Pop.  in  1870,  27,903;  in  1880,  29,666;  in  1890,  29,556. 

Tazewell,  a  southwestern  county  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  536  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clinch 
and  Bluestone  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  the  Laurel 
Fork  of  the  Holston.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several 
mountain-ridges,  one  of  which  is  called  Clinch  Mountain. 
Forests  of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  chestnut,  hickory,  and 
other  trees  cover  nearly  half  of  its  area.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  and  lime- 
stone. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  A  Western 
Railroad,  Capital,  Jefferson ville,  now  usually  called  Taze- 
well.   Pop.  in  1870, 10,791 ;  in  1880, 12,861 ;  in  1890, 19,890. 

Tazewell,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Ga,,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Butler.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tazewell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Claiborne  co., 
Tenn.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  It  is  situated 
in  a  hilly  region,  which  is  said  to  be  rich  in  minerals.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  4  churches.  Coal 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  345. 

Tazewell  Court-House,  Va.  See  Jeppersonvillb. 

Tazgaon,  tiz'gi-on',  or  Taiygaon,  tawzh*gi-on',  a 
fortified  town  of  India,  dominions  and  58  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Sattarah,  with  a  remarkable  temple  of  Ganesa, 


T.  B.,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  1) 
miles  W.  of  Brandy  wine  Station.   It  has  2  stores.    Pop.  7b. 

'TBildt,  Netherlands.     See  Bili>t. 

Tchad,  a  lake  of  Africa.     See  Chad, 

Tchamoulari,  Himalayas.     See  Shukalari. 

Tchang-Kiaug,  China.    See  Ching-Kiang-Foo. 

Tchao-Cheou-Fou,  China.    See  Chao-Tchoo. 

Tchao-Naiman-Snme.    See  Cbao-Naiuan-Soohb. 

Tchaoussy,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Chaoosst. 

Tchefuncta,  che-fiink't%,  a  post-office  of  St.  Tam- 
many parish,  La. 

Tchernigov,  Russia,    See  Chernigov. 

^^^  In  the  present  work,  names  of  most  places  begin- 
ning with  Tch  are  given  under  Ch,  as  in  the  above  ex- 
ample. 

'Tcheshmeh,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Chbsmk. 

Tchikiri,  a  river  of  Manchooria,     See  Chikiri. 

Tching-'Ting,  a  city  of  China.    See  Chikg-Ting 

Tchi-Tcheoufou.     See  Chee-Choo, 

Tchoodskoe,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Lakb  Peipus. 

Tchoogoochak,  ohoo-goo-shik',  a  commercial  town 
of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  in  the  territory  of  Tarbagatai,  S.  of 
the  Tarbagatai  Mountains,  and  180  miles  N.E.  of  Kooldja. 
It  was  formerly  the  chief  town  of  the  territory,  but  was 
destroyed  by  the  Mohammedan  insurgents  in  1865. 

Tchoossova,  Tchoussova,  choos-so'v&,  or  Tchys- 
ovaia,  chis-o-vi'i,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm, 
rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course 
of  250  miles,  joins  the  Kama  11  miles  N.N.E,  of  Perm. 

Tchorum,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Chooroou 

Tchoui,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Chooi. 

Tchonlim,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Chooliu. 

Tchou-Yung,  a  city  of  China.    See  Choo-Yung. 

Tchow,or  Tschou,  chSw,  a  populous  walled  town  of 
West  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Katunga.  Lat. 
9°  15'  N.;  Ion.  6°  50' E. 

Tehtchelinskoe,  or  Chtchelinskoe,  chi-leen' 
sko-&,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Riazan,  near  the 
Oka,  to  which  its  waters  flow  by  two  small  rivers. 

Tchula,  choo'l^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Yazoo  River,  about  65  miles  N.  of  Jackson. 

TchuIinP,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Choolim. 

Tchusan,  an  island  of  China.     See  Chusan, 

Te,  ti,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the 
Imperial  Canal,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

"Teachey's,  teech'iz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Duplin 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad,  38  miles 
N,  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  rosin  and  tur- 
pentine. 

Tea  Garden,  Marshall  co.,  Ind.    See  Teegardek. 

Te- An,  t4^&n',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe, 
capital  of  a  department,  50  miles  N,W,  of  Han-Yang. 

Teana,  t&-&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  18  miles 
W,S,W.  of  Tursi.     Pop,  1600, 

Teaneck,  tee'nek,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  the  Jersey 
City  A  Albany  Railroad^  14  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Teano,  t4-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
13  miles  N.W,  of  Capua.  Pop,  5119,  It  has  a  cathedra) 
and  two  collegiate  churches,  a  diocesan  seminary,  and  a 
trade  in  corn  and  oil. 

Teapy  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Easter  Island,. 

Teate,  the  ancient  name  of  Chieti, 

Tebaleh,  td-bi'lfih,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  about 
170  miles  S.E.  of  Mecca. 

Tebar,  ti-ban',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  42  miles  S.  of  Cuenca,     Pop,  1432, 

Tebas-y-Tenarubia,  t4'B&s-ee-t&-n&-roo'Be-&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop,  3316. 

Tebbs'dale,  a  post-office  of  Iron  co.,  Utah. 

Tebeauville,  te-b5'vil,  a  post-village  of  Ware  oo., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Way 
Cross,  and  on  the  Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad,  97  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  60  miles  W.  of  Brunswick,  It 
has  an  academy  and  a  hotel. 

Tebessa,  t&-bds's&  (anc.  Thevesta  /),  a  town  of  Algeria, 
75  miles  S.E.  of  Constantine,  with  extensive  Roman  re- 
mains. It  is  entered  by  two  gates,  one  of  them  of  Roman 
construction,  in  the  form  of  a  triumphal  aroh.     Pop.  2214. 

Tebicnari,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Taqcari. 

Tebiqnary,  or  Tebicnari,  tA-Be-kw4-ree',  written 
also  Tibiquari,  a  river  in  the  S.  of  Paraguay,  falls  into 
the  Paraguay  above  Neembuou. 

Te'bo,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  Mo,     Pop.  3308. 

Tebo  Creek,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Henry  co.,  run? 
southeastward  into  Benton  co.,  and  enters  the  Granfl  Rive* 
about  8  miles  N.W,  of  Warsaw. 

Tebriz,  a  city  of  Persia,    See  Tabrebs. 


TEC 


2594 


TEH 


Tecali,  t&-k&-lee',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Puebla, 

Tecazze,  a  river  of  Abyssinia.    See  Taoazzb. 
Tech,  t5sh,  a  river  of  France,  descends  from  the  N. 
slope  of  the  Pyrenees,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orientale8,  flows  E.N.B., 
and  near  C6ret  falls  into  the  Mediterranean.     Total  course, 
45  miles. 

Techa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Tesha. 

Teche^  Bayou,  bl'oo  tSsh,  Louisiana,  originates  in 
St.  Landry  parish,  runs  nearly  southeastward  through  the 
parishes  of  St.  Martin's,  Iberia,  and  St.  Mary's,  and  enters 
Atchafalaya  Bayou  at  the  lower  end  of  Chetimaches  Lake, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Morgan  City.  It  is  about  180  miles  long, 
and  is  navigable  by  steamboats. 

Tecino,  Switzerland.     See  Ticino. 

Teckendorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Teeb. 

Tecolote,  ti-ko-lo'ti  (incorrectly,  Tecolete),  a  post- 
rillage  of  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Meidco,  12  miles  S.  of  Las 
Vegas.     It  has  a  church. 

Tecoma,  te-ko'ma,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Elko 
00.,  Nevada,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  132  miles  W. 
of  Corinne,  Utah. 

Teco'pa,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

Tecum'seh,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  1 
mile  from  Tecumseh  Station,  which  is  on  the  Selma,  Rome 
&  Dalton  Railroad,  25^  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron.     Pop.  242, 

Tecumseh,  a  post-village  in  Tecumseh  township, 
Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Topeka, 
and  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lawrence.  A  bridge  over  the 
river  connects  it  with  the  Kansas  Pacific  BXilroad.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200 ;   of  the  township,  1011. 

Tecumseh,  a  post-village  in  Tecumseh  township, 
Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Raisin  River  and  the  Jackson 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Adrian,  and  33  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  2  foundries 
with  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  paper, 
and  barrels.  It  has  an  excellent  water-power,  which  is 
utilized  in  3  flour-mills.     Pop.  2039 ;  of  township,  2543. 

Tecumseh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  JohnSon  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Big  Nemaha  River  and  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska 
Railroad,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln,  and  about  32  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  4  churches,  '2  newspaper 
offices,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  a  bank,  <fco.     P.  in  1890, 1054. 

Tecumseh,  Ontario.    See  Ryegate. 

Tecum'seth,or  Clarks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Sim- 
coe  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Bradford.  It  contains  a 
telegraph  office,  2  hotels,  2  stores,  and  3  saw-mills.  P.  200. 

Tecum seth,  Ontario.    See  Thamestille. 

Ted'ish,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co..  New 
Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Shediac.     Pop.  200. 

Tedia,  tfid'14,  or  Tefsa,tfifsi,  a  province  of  Morocco, 
immediately  W.  of  Mount  Atlas,  and  watered  by  affluents 
of  the  river  Tensift.     Chief  town,  Tefsa. 

Tednest,  tM^ndst',  a  town  in  the  dominions  and  73 
miles  W.  of  Morocco,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Tensift.  Esti- 
mated pop.  4000,  of  whom  1800  are  Jews. 

Tedrow,  ted'ro,  or  Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in 
Dover  township,  Fulton  co.,  0.,  6i  miles  N.  of  Wauseon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery.  Here 
la  Tedrow  Post-Office. 

Tedsi,  tfid'see,  a  town  of  Morocco,  province  of  Soos,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Terodant.     Pop.  14,000. 

Tedzen,  tfid-zfin',  or  Tejend,  ti^jfind'  (anc.  O'chvaf), 
a  river  rising  in  the  Persian  province  of  Khorassan,  N.E. 
of  Meshed,  flows  through  the  N.E.  corner  of  the  province, 
and  is  lost  in  the  sands  of  the  desert.     Length,  250  miles. 

Teed's  Grove,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clinton  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  A  Dakota  Railroad,  11  miles 
8.W.  of  Sabula. 

Tee'garden,  or  Tea  Garden,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Polk  township,  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  77  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  about  10  miles 
N.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Teegarden,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0. 

Teem'boo%  or  Timbo,  teem'bo',  a  town  of  Africa, 
in  Senegambia,  capital  of  Foota-Jallon,  in  lat.  10°  30'  N., 
Ion.  10°  30'  W.     It  has  a  mosque  and  several  forts. 

Teen-Tsin,  or  Tin-Tsin,  teent'seen',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  on  the  Pei-Ho,  at  the 
commencement  of  the  Grand  Canal,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Pe- 
king. It  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  trade,  and  a  great 
depdt  for  salt. 

Teera,  tee'r&,  a  town  and  fort  of  India,  in  Cutoh,  52 
miles  W.  of  Bhooj. 


Teeree,  tee'ree\  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of 
Sarawan,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kelat,  on  the  route  to  Shawl. 
Tees,  teez,  a  river  of  England,  between  the  cos.  of 
Durham  and  York,  after  an  E.  course  of  90  miles,  joins  the 
North  Sea  by  an  estuary  nearly  3  miles  across,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Stockton.  At  its  mouth  is  a  bar  with  from  10 
to  12  feet  of  water  at  low  and  from  26  to  28  feet  at  high 
tide ;  the  river  is  tidal  to  Yarm,  and  navigable  to  Stockton 
for  vessels  of  60  tons'  burden.     In  it  is  a  salmon-fishery. 

Teesta,  a  river  of  India.    See  Attri. 

Tees'water,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Tees,  and  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Rail- 
way, 120  miles  from  Toronto,  and  16  miles  from  Walker- 
ton.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  an  agricultural  imple- 
ment factory,  woollen-,  saw-,  and  flouring-miUs,  a  tannery, 
a  hotel,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  450. 

Tee'ters,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Tee'terville,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Big  Creek,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Simcoe.  It  contains  saw-, 
grist-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Teez,  or  Tiz,  teez,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province 
of  Mekran,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Charbar,  130  miles 
S.W.  of  Kedje. 

Tefelneh,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Tafelneh. 

Teffe,  tfif'fi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  N.E.  course  of 
500  miles,  joins  the  Amazon  in  lat.  3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  64°  45'  W. 

Teflis,  a  city  of  Georgia.     See  Tiflis. 

Tefsa,  tfifsi,  or  Tefza,  tfif zi,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Tedla.  Lat.  32°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  5' 
45'  W.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  the  small  town 
of  Efza.  United  pop.  about  10,500,  partly  employed  in 
manufactures  of  woollen  mantles.     See  also  Tedla. 

Tegal,  island  of  Java.     See  Tagal. 

Tegal-Sari,  t&^g&I'-s&'ree,  a  town  of  Java,  province  of 
Madion,  with  a  large  school  for  ecclesiastics. 

Tegerhy,  tfig'§r-hee\  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  120 
miles  S.E.  of  Moorzook.     It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Teglio,  tAl'yo,  or  Tellio,  tSl'le-o,  written  also  To- 
glio,  t61'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  E.  of  Sondrio, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Adda.     Pop.  2845. 

Tegucigalpa,  t&-goo-se-gil'p&,  the  capital  of  the  re- 
public of  Honduras,  is  situated  on  a  table-land,  at  an  altitude 
of  3000  feet,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Comayagua.  It  is  the  largest 
city  in  the  republic,  and  one  of  the  healthiest  and  cleanest 
in  the  Central  American  states,  and  has  an  excellent  water 
supply  from  neighboring  mountain-streams.  In  its  vicinity 
are  gold-,  silver-,  and  copper-mines.  It  has  a  United  Statet 
consulate.     Pop.  about  12,500. 

Tegneste,  t&-gh£s't&,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  the 
N.W.  of  the  island  of  Tenerifie. 

Teguise,  ti,-ghee'E&,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  capital  of 
the  island  of  Lanzarote,  near  its  centre. 

Tegulet,  t4g-99-lfit',  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  in  Shoa,  of 
which  it  was  formerly  the  capital,  18  miles  W.  of  Ankober. 

Tehachapi,  California.    See  Tehichipi. 

Tehama,  ti-h4'm&  (t.e.,  "  low  land"),  a  plain  of 
Arabia,  extending  along  its  W.  coast  from  Ras  Mohammed 
to  Jiddah,  a  distance  of  550  miles. 

Tehama,  or  Batna,  b4t'n&,  a  plain  of  Arabia,  in  the 
Muscat  dominions,  bordering  on  the  Red  Sea,  and  extend- 
ing to  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  It  is  from  20  to  40 
miles  in  width. 

Tehama,  te-ha'mah,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  about  2988  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Antelope,  Beaver,  Cottonwood,  Deer,  Reed,  and  Rock 
Creeks.  The  Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the 
W.  border,  and  the  eastern  part  of  the  county  is  occupied 
by  mountains  connected  with  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Between 
these  lies  an  extensive  and  fertile  valley  or  plain,  which  is 
destitute  of  forests.  Wheat,  wool,  barley,  cattle,  wine,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Pine  and  other  good  timber 
are  abundant  in  the  eastern  highlands.  Copper  is  said  to 
be  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Oregon 
division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company's  lines 
Capital,  Red  Bluff.  Pop.  in  1870,  3587;  in  1880,  9301 ;  in 
1890,  9916. 

Tehama,  a  post- village  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River  and  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Red  Bluff.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  2  churches.  Pop.  about  500.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  agriculture. 

Tehama,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas 

Teheran,  tfih'her-in',  or  Tehran,  tfih-rin',  written 
also  Tehran n,  the  capital  city  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  70  miles  S.  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  210  mile« 
N.  of  Ispahan.     Lat.  35°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  51°  20'  60"  E.  Sta- 


TEH 


2595 


TEL 


tionary  population  is  estimated  at  from  140,000  upwards, 
but  is  much  increased  during  the  residence  of  the  court.  It 
is  about  5  miles  in  circuit,  and  enclosed  by  an  earthen  wall 
flanked  with  towers,  a  glacis,  and  a  dry  trench.  The  ex- 
ternal appearance  is  picturesque ;  its  mosques,  colleges,  and 
caravansaries  are  in  good  repair,  and  it  has  well-furnished 
shops  and  bazaars,  with  some  large  palaces  of  the  nobility ; 
but  its  dwellings  are  mostly  built  of  earth,  the  streets  are 
mean  and  wretchedly  paved,  and  in  summer  it  is  so  un- 
healthy that  the  shah  and  the  upper  classes  leave  it  to  en- 
camp on  the  plains  of  Sultaneeyah,  about  150  miles  N.W. 
The  royal  citadel  is  extensive,  and  comprises,  besides  the 
royal  harem  and  apartments,  a  magnificent  saloon,  the  pub- 
lic offices,  quarters  for  the  royal  guards,  numerous  baths, 
and  gardens.  On  a  height  near  the  city  is  another  royal 
palace,  with  fine  grounds.  Teheran  has  manufactures  of 
carpets  and  iron  goods ;  its  vicinity  is  fertile,  and  covered 
with  villages.  It  became  the  Persian  capital  towards  the 
end  of  the  last  century.  On  its  S.  side,  and  about  25  miles 
E.,  are  extensive  ruins,  and  one  of  these  localities  marks 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Rha'gse. 

Teheran,  te-he'ran,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  III., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Hailroad,  b^ 
miles  W.  of  Mason  City. 

Teheroot,  or  Tehrnt,  tSh-h'root',  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  and  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eerman.  Its  vicinity  is 
productive  of  com,  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  and  fruits. 

Tehichipa,  te-hich'^-pd,,  a  post- village  and  summer 
resort  of  Kern  oo.,  Cal.,  3  miles  from  Tehichipa  Summit, 
which  is  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  350  miles  S.E. 
of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
lime-kiln.     Gold  and  marble  are  found  near  it. 

Tehri,  a  state  of  India.    See  Gurhwal. 

Tehuacan,  t&-w&-k&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
65  miles  S.E.  of  Puebla.     Pop.  12,000. 

Tehuacana,  t&-wah'kd.-n3.,  a  post-village  of  Lime- 
stone CO.,  Tex.,  near  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
5  miles  from  Mexia  Station,  which  is  83  miles  S.  of  Dallas, 
and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Palestine.  It  is  the  seat  of  Trinity 
University  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  which  was  founded 
in  1870  and  has  about  350  students.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  cotton-presses.     Pop.  about  500. 

Tehaantepec,  ti-win-ta-pfik',  a  river-port  town  of 
Mexico,  on  the  river  Tehuantepec,  150  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Oajaca.  Pop.  15,000  (mostly  descendants  of  Indians),  who 
export  indigo  and  salt  and  have  some  fisheries  and  a  coast- 
ing-trade.   See  also  Isthmus  and  Gdlf  op  Tehuantepec. 

Teify,  or  Tivy  (both  pronounced  ti'vee),  a  river  of 
North  Wales,  rises  in  Cardiganshire,  flows  S.W.  and  W., 
past  Lampeter,  Newcastle-in-Emlyn,  and  Cardigan,  sepa- 
rating that  county  on  the  N.  from  Carmarthenshire  and 
Pembrokeshire,  and  enters  Cardigan  Bay.  Length,  about 
70  miles. 

Teign,  tain,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon,  rises  in 
Dartmoor,  flows  E.,  S.,  and  again  E.,  between  the  Dart  and 
the  Exe,  and  enters  the  English  Channel  at  Teignmouth. 
|Xength,  45  miles. 

Teignmouth,  t&n'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
)evon,  on  both  sides  of  the  Teign,  at  its  mouth  in  the 
Snglish  Channel,  12^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Exeter,  on  the  South 
ievon  Railway.  The  town  is  a  place  of  resort  for  sea- 
bathing. It  has  an  octagonal  church,  other  places  of  wor- 
liip,  a  bathing-establishment,  library,  spacious  assembly- 
Doms,  a  small  theatre,  a  dock-yard,  and  a  quay,  from  which 
franite  and  pipe-clay  are  exported.  The  chief  imports  are 
Dal  and  culm.  Pop.  of  East  Teignmouth,  2443 ;  of  West 
Teignmouth,  4308. 

Teil,  Le,  a  village  of  France.     See  Le  Teil. 

Teilleul,  Le,  l^h  ti'yul'  or  taiPyoI',  a  town  of  France, 
I  Manche,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  781. 

Teinitz,  ti'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Jeraun,  on  the  railway  from  Prague  to  Olmutz.  Pop.  2581. 
See  also  Bischop-Teinitz. 

Teissholz,  tiss'holts,  or  Tiszoicz,  tees^solts',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Gomiir  Sajo.     Pop.  3294. 

Teith,  teeth,  a  river  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Perth,  rises 
near  Callender,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Forth  River  2^ 
miles  N.W.  of  Stirling. 

Teja,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Teza. 

Tejeda,  or  Texeda,  ti-ai'Di,  a  sierra  of  Spain,  in 
I  Andalusia,  separating  the  province  of  Granada  from  the 
province  of  Malaga.     It  abounds  with  mines. 

Tejeda,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  Gran  Canaria. 

Tejend,  Khorassan.     See  Tedzen. 

Tejiras,  ti-Hee'rS,s,  a  village  of  Bernalillo  co.,  New 
[exico,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  a  church, 
tcid  is  said  to  be  found  here. 


Tejo,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Taous. 

Tejon,  t&-Hon',  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal. 

Tejuco,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Diahamtima. 

Tejutla,  or  Texutla,  ti-Hoot'I&,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  and  165  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala. 

Tekama,  te-ka'mah,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Burt 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  47  milei 
N.  by  W.  of  Omaha,  and  about  4  miles  W.  of  the  Miaeoori. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  bank,  ko.    P.  1244. 

Tekax,  t^-kan'  (?),  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  be- 
tween Valladolid  and  Merida.     It  is  well  built. 

Teke,  ti'ki,  or  Teckendorf,  tik'^n-dosr,  a  market 
town  of  Transylvania,  co.  and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Klausen- 
burg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sajo  ("  Salt")  River,  with  a 
salt  lake,  from  which  much  salt  is  made.     Pop.  1749. 

Teke  Dere,  ti'ki.  d&'ri,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
joins  the  Erkene  on  the  right,.32  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 
Total  course,  about  70  miles. 

Tekeer-  (or  Tekir-)  Dagh,  t§-keer'  dig,  a  moun- 
tain-range of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  extending 
from  the  Maritza  to  the  Sea  of  Marmora  at  Rodosto,  tu 
which  town  it  gives  its  own  name  among  the  Turks. 

Tek-Naaf,  a  navigable  river  of  Aracan.    See  Naaf. 

Tekonsha,  te-k5n'sha,  a  post- village  in  Tekonsha 
township,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and 
on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Mar- 
shall. It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  manufactures  of 
carriages,  staves,  kc,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  500 ;  of  township,  1547. 

Tekonsha,  te-koo'sha,  a  post-office  of  Nance  co..  Neb 

Tekrit,  ti-krit'  (anc.  Birtha),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 97  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tigris.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  outside  of  which  are 
numerous  remains  of  the  ancient  city. 

Tekrova,  ti-kro'v&,  or  Fionda,  fee-on'dS,  (anc.  Pka- 
selis),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf 
of  Adalia,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Adalia. 

Telav,  or  Telaw,  ti-liv',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Trans- 
caucasia, 35  miles  N.E.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  6209. 

Tel  Basta,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Bubastis. 

Telcha,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.     See  Telsh. 

Telde,  tdl'di,  a  city  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Gran 
Canaria,  E.  of  Las  Palmas,  in  a  beautiful  plain  called  Vega 
Mayor,  about  2  miles  from  the  sea.  The  streets  are  broad 
and  straight.  There  are  3  squares,  in  one  of  which  are  the 
town  house  and  prisons,  the  parish  church,  an  elegant  struc- 
ture, and  the  Alameda.  It  has  some  manufactures  of  plain 
linens,  flour-mills,  and  a  hospital.  On  the  sea-shore,  to  the 
E.  of  the  town,  there  is  a  mineral  spring,  resorted  to  from 
all  parts  of  the  island.  Grain,  cochineal,  and  blue  paving- 
flags  are  exported. 

Tel'egraph  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calaveras  co., 
Cal.,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  ii;  on  the 
Stockton  &  Copperopolis  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Stockton. 

Telegraph  Road,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Ya.,  on 
the  Alexandria  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  ISJ  miles  S.W 
of  Alexandria. 

Tel  el  Ashtereh,  Syria.    See  Ashtaroth. 

Telembi,  ti-ldm-bee',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  rises  in  the 
W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Patia  a  little 
above  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific,  after  a  course  of  80  miles. 

Tel'escope  Peak,  a  mountain  of  California,  near  the 
W.  border  of  the  Death  Valley,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Owen's 
Lake.     Altitude,  10,938  feet. 

Telese,  ti-I&'si  (anc.  Tele'aia),  a  decayed  episcopal 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta,  on 
the  Galore. 

Teletskoi,  a  lake  of  Siberia.    See  Altin. 

Tel'fair,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  491  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Oomulgee  River,  and  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Little  Ocmulgee,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Sugar 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
The  cypress,  gum,  ash,  and  oak  are  found  here.  Maize, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Macon  k  Brunswick  division  of  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  k  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  McRae.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3245;  in  1880,  4S2S  ;  in  1890,  5477. 

Telfair  Creek,  Georgia.    See  Hitrricame  Crbek. 

Tel'fer,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Komoka.     Pop.  150. 

Telford,  tSI'fprd,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  in  Franconia  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  several 
stores,  flour-mills,  wagon-shops,  ke. 


TEL 


2596 


TEM 


Telford,  Washington  co.,  Tenn.     See  Millwood. 

Telfs,  tSlfs,  a  village  of  Tyrol,  circle  of  Imst,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Inn.     Pop.  2197. 

Telgte,  tila't^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  2360. 

Teligool,  Teligonl,  or  Telignl,  ti-le-gool',  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  falls  into  a  bay  of  its 
own  name  25  miles  N.E.  of  Odessa. 

Teliorman,  tiMe-or-m4n',  a  river  of  Roumania,  rises 
in  a  mountain-slope,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Bucharest,  flows  cir- 
ouitously  S.S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  the 
Yode  20  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Danube. 

Teliscof,  tSris-kof,  or  Telkif,  tSl-kif,  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mosul,  in  a  large  and 
fertile  plain  celebrated  for  the  passage  of  Xenophon  over 
it,  and  for  the  battle  of  Arbela,  gained  by  Alexander  the 
Great.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Telki-Banya,  tfil'kee^-bin'ySh*,  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Aba  Uj  V^r,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kaschau,  with 
gold-mines  and  chalybeate  baths.     Pop.  1326. 

Tell  City,  a  post-village  of  Perry  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  4  miles  below  Cannel- 
ton.  It  is  partly  supported  by  operations  in  coal,  which  is 
mined  here.  Two  weekly  newspapers  (1  in  German)  are 
published  here.  Tell  City  has  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  2  manufac- 
tories of  chairs  and  3  of  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  2094. 

Tellicherry,  tSl-le-chir'ree,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  of  Malabar, 
43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calicut.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  an 
active  export  trade  in  spices,  sandal-wood,  &c.     P.  20,504. 

Tel'Lico,  a  small  river  which  rises  in  Cherokee  co., 
N.C.,  and  passes  into  East  Tennessee.  It  runs  northward 
through  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  the  Little  Tennessee  River 
about  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Tellico  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tellico  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Tellio,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Teglio. 

Tellurium,  tel-lu're-um,  post-office,  Hinsdale  co.,  Col. 

Telmessus,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Makree. 

Teloga  (te-lo'gah)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga 
00.,  6a.,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Rome. 

Telo-Martius,  the  ancient  name  of  Toulon. 

TePoogoos',  or  Telugn,  teroo-goo',  a  people  of 
Southern  India,  of  Dravidian  stock.  Their  language,  which 
has  been  cultivated  for  many  centuries,  is  distinguished  for 
sweetness  and  fluency,  and  is  called  the  Italian  of  India. 
This  people  numbers  some  15,500,000,  and  is  found  in  the 
Madras  presidency,  along  the  E.  coast.  Many  have  be- 
come Christians. 

Telsh,  teish,  Telcha,  til'shi,  Telschi,  or  Tel- 
tschi,  tSl'shee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kovno, 
150  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  6481. 

Teltow,  til'tov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  9 
miles  E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  3397. 

Teltsch,  tfiltch,  a  town  of  Moravia,  17  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Iglau.  Pop.  4021.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  tobacco. 

Temacin,  Temachin,  t&^m&-cheen',  or  £I-Gne- 
cer,  61-gi^sair',  a  town  of  Algeria,  capital  of  an  oasis  of 
the  same  name,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tooggoort.  Lat.  33°  20' 
N. ;  Ion.  0°  50'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  loop-holed  wall 
and  a  ditch,  dry  in  summer. 

Temascaltepec,  ti-m&s-k&I-ti-pdk',  a  town  of  Mex- 
ico, state  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  Mexico,  in  a  deep  valley. 
It  formerly  owed  its  prosperity  to  the  rich  mines  of  silver 
worked  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5000. 

Tembleque,  tSm-bli'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  4198. 

Tembuctoo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Tiubuctoo. 

Temby,  tfim'bee,  the  southernmost  of  three  rivers  which 
enter  English  River  in  Delagoa  Bay,  East  Africa,  and 
whence  it  has  been  navigated  upwards  for  46  miles. 

Teme,  tSm,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  rises  5  miles  S.E. 
of  Newtown,  in  Montgomery  oo.,  flows  E.  between  the  cos. 
of  Radnor  and  Salop,  and  joins  the  Severn  3  miles  S.  of 
Worcester.     Total  course,  60  miles. 

Temecula,  te-mek'u-la,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co., 

Cal.,  60  miles  N.  of  San  Diego.     Here  is  a  sulphur  spring. 

Temeer-Khan-Shoora,  or  Temir-Chan-Shu- 

ra,  td-meer'-Kin-shoo'ri,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan, 

25  miles  S.W.  of  Petrovsk.     Pop.  5094. 

Temerin,  ti'mi^rin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  34 
miles  E.  of  Bacs.     Pop.  7295. 

Temes,  tfim^Jsh',  written  also  Temesch,  a  river  of 
Southeast  Hungary,  in  the  Banat,  rises  in  the  Carpathian 
Mountains,  flows  N.W.  and  S.,  and  joins  the   Danube  6 


miles  E.  of  Belgrade.  Total  course,  180  miles.  The  prin- 
cipal affluents  are  the  Bisztra,  Bogonicz,  and  Berzava.  It 
gives  name  to  a  county  of  which  Temesvar  is  the  capital. 

Tem'escal,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Los  Angeles.   Tin  is  found  here. 

Temesvar,  or  Temeswar,  tfim^fish-vlR',  written 
also  Temeschwar,  a  fortified  city  of  Hungary,  capital 
of  a  county  of  its  own  name,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the 
Alt-Bega  and  the  Bega  Canal,  72  miles  N.N.E.  of  Belgrade. 
Lat.  46°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  20'  E.  Pop.  32,223,  comprising 
Hungarians,  Germans,  Greeks,  Wallaohs,  and  Jews.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  entered  by  3  gates,  beyond  each  of 
which  there  is  a  suburb.  The  houses  are  of  solid  con- 
struction, the  streets  spacious,  and  there  are  a  number  of 
regularly  formed  and  handsome  squares.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  cathedral,  which  is  a  handsome  Gothic 
structure ;  the  Greek  cathedral,  a  grand  synagogue,  palace 
of  the  government,  town  house,  theatre,  convents,  college, 
gymnasium,  high  school,  normal  school,  arsenal,  and  civil 
and  military  hospitals.  The  manufactures  consist  of  wool- 
lens, oil,  paper,  tobacco,  and  wine.  There  are  also  silk- 
mills.  The  transit  trade,  consisting  chiefly  of  corn,  is  of 
great  importance,  and  is  much  facilitated  by  the  Bega 
Canal,  which  communicates  with  the  Danube.  Temesvar 
is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  bishop,  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
and  of  a  high  court,  with  jurisdiction  over  the  Banat. 
According  to  D'Anville,  Temesvar  is  the  ancient  Thyhit- 
cus  to  which  the  poet  Ovid  was  banished.  In  1582  it  was 
taken  and  sacked  by  the  Turks,  in  whose  possession  it  re- 
mained till  1718,  when  it  was  taken  from  them  by  Prince 
Eugene,  almost  entirely  rebuilt,  and  fortified.  In  1849  it 
stood  a  siege  of  107  days  by  the  insurgents,  and  was  re- 
lieved by  Haynaa,  but  not  before  nearly  every  house  had 
been  damaged  by  the  bombardment. 

Temiscamingne,  te-mis'ka-ming,  a  lake  of  Canada. 
Lat.  47°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  W.  Length,  30  miles ;  breadth, 
15  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus  waters  into  tlie  Ottawa 
River  at  Temiscamingue  House. 

Temiscamingue  (te-mi8'k9,-ming)  House,  or 
Oba^iowang,  o-bad-je-o-wang',  an  Indian  village  and 
post  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake 
Temiscamingue,  Pontiao  oo.,  Quebec,  90  miles  from  Mat- 
tawa.     Pop.  300. 

Temiscouata,  tflmMs-koo-i'ti  or  t5mMs-kwi't&,  » 
beautiful  lake  of  Canada,  province  and  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Quebec,  22  miles  long  and  from  1  to  2i  miles  in  breadth 
and  sufficiently  deep  for  vessels  of  considerable  burden. 

Temiscouata,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.,  and  on  New  Bruns- 
wick and  the  state  of  Maine  on  the  S.  Area,  1770  square 
miles.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way and  by  the  Fredericton  A  RiviSre  du  Loup  Railway 
Capital,  Isle  Verte.     Pop.  22,491. 

Temkanmardi,  tem-kin-mar'dee,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Belgaum.     Pop.  5296. 

Temnikov,  or  Temnikow,  tfim-ne-kov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  150  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tambov,  on 
the  Moksha.     Pop.  6592. 

Temonrtou-Nor,  Toorkistan.    See  Tooz-Gool. 

Tempe,  tSm'pi,  a  valley  of  Europe,  in  the  N.E.  of 
Thessaly,  between  the  mountains  of  Olympus  on  the  N.  and 
Ossa  on  the  S.  The  beauties  of  its  scenery  are  much  cele- 
brated by  ancient  writers. 

Tem'pe,  a  post-village  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arizona,  29 
miles  from  Maricopa  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Tempelbnrg,  tSm'p?l-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  44  miles  S.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  4381. 

Tem'perance,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  near 
the  Ocmulgee  River. 

Temperance  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co., 
Tenn.,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac. 

Temperance  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Miss 

Temperance  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Tem'peranceville,a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0., 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  120. 

Temperanceville,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  me  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  li  miles  below  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  salt-works,  a  rolling-mill, 
2  breweries,  and  a  planing-mill.  It  was  incorporated  with 
Pittsburg  in  1873. 

Temperanceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co., 
Va.,  16  miles  S.  of  Newtown,  Md.  It  has  2  churches  and  s 
saw-mill. 

Temperanceville,  Ontario.    See  Orwell. 

Tempesca,  tfim-pSs'ki,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  th# 
N.  slope  of  Mount  Argentaro.  in  the  S.E.  of  Servia.  flow 


TEM 


2597 


TEN 


drouitously  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  60  miles,  joins 
the  Morava  on  the  right,  6  miles  below  Perekop. 

Tempe  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  2  miles  W.  of 
Portsmouth.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  10  houses. 

Tempio,  t8m'pe-o,  or  Tempio  Pausania,  tim'pe-o 
pdw-s&'ne-&,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  a  moun- 
tain, 31  mile3  E.N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  5003. 

Tempisque,  tfim-pees'ki,  a  river  of  the  W.  part  of 
Costa  Rica,  after  a  S.  course,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Niooya  8 
miles  N.  of  Nicoya. 

Tem  Pinte,  pi-yate',  a  post-office  and  silver-mining 
camp  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev.,  180  miles  S.  of  Eureka. 

Temple,  tem'p^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  in  Temple  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville 
Station,  and  about  25  miles  W.S.  W.  of  Manchester.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  421. 

Temple,  a  post-village  in  Muhlenberg  township,  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Reading.     It  has  iron-furnaces  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Temple  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Glasgow,     it  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Templeman's  (tem'p^l-manz)  Cross  Roads,  a 
post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va,,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Fredericksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Temple  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in 
Temple  township,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Tem^plemore',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
on  the  Great  Southern  «fc  Western  Railway,  8  miles  N.  of 
Thurles.  It  chiefly  consists  of  one  street,  and  has  a  hand- 
some church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  endowed  school, 
hospital,  dispensary,  bridewell,  and  large  barracks. 

Temples,  tem'p^lz,  a  hamlet  of  Jefiferson  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  from  Brookville. 

Temple's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  oo.,  Fla., 
<tt  or  near  Temple  Station. 

Templeton,  tem'p§l-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Benton  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  a  branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Templeton,  a  post-village  in  Templeton  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  i  mile  from  Templeton  Station  of 
the  Ware  River  Railroad,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Winchendon. 
It  has  a  savings-bank,  a  hotel,  6  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  chairs,  furniture,  tin-ware,  woollen  goods,  and 
boots  and  shoes.  Pop.  2764.  The  township  also  contains 
East  Templeton,  Baldwinsville,  and  Otter  River. 

Templeton,  a  station  of  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts 
Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

Templeton,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.     P.  974. 

Templeton,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  3  churches. 

Templeton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va., 
about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  a  plough- 
factory  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Templeton,  formerly  Gatinean  (giHee'no')Point, 
a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  rivers  Gatineau  and  Ottawa,  2  miles  from  Ottawa.  It 
contains  6  stores  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Templeuve,  tflji^pluv',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  on  the  French  frontier,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Toumay,  on 
the  railway  to  Brussels.     Pop.  3415. 

Templeuve,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Lille.     Pop.  912. 

Templeville,  tem'p§l-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen 
Anne  co.,  Md.,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Templin,  tSm'plin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  Lake  Dolgen,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Neu-Strelitz.   Pop.  4012. 

Tem'plin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  from  Council  Grove.     It  has  a  church. 

Tem'po,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Fermanagh,  on 
the  Tempo,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Enniskillen.     Pop.  422. 

Tem'po,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  W.  of  Glanworth.     Pop.  160. 

Temrook,  Temrouk,  or  Temrnk,  tim-rook',  a 
fortified  town  of  Russia,  on  a  peninsula  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Sea  of  Azof,  about  30  miles  B.  of  the  Strait  of  Yeni- 
kale.     Lat.  45°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  37°  10'  E.     Pop.  7426. 

Temsche,  or  Temsica.    See  Tamise. 

Tenafly,  ten'if-lee,  a  post-hamlet  in  Palisade  township, 
Bergen  co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
16  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  and  nearly  1  mile  W.  of  the 
Hudson  River.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
rubber  goods  and  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  in  about  1500. 

Ten'allytown,  a  post-village  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. 6  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  capitol. 


Tenancingo,  t&-nS,n-sing'go,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico, 

Tenangon,  a  river  of  Michigan.     See  Ontonagon. 

T'en'ant's  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  St.  George 
township,  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  ocean, 
about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rockland,  It  has  a  fine  harbor, 
a  church,  a  hi?h  school,  and  a  hotel, 

Tenasserim,  tdn-as's^h-rim,  or  Tanas'serem,  a 
river  of  Tenasserim,  rises  in  lat,  14°  30'  N.,  flows  S. 
through  a  narrow  valley,  but  near  the  town  of  Tenasserim 
turns  sharply  W,,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  in  lat.  12° 
N,,  by  3  principal  mouths,  enclosing  two  islands,  on  the  N. 
of  which  stands  the  town  of  Mergui,    Total  course,  220  miles. 

Tenasserim,  a  town  in  the  southernmost  part  of  Ten- 
asserim, taken  from  the  Burmese  in  1826,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  river  Tenasserim,  50  miles  E.S.E,  of  Mergui.  Lat. 
11°  49'  N.;  Ion.  99°  10'  E,  -^ 

Tenasserim,  a  division  or  commissionership  of  British 
Burmah,  comprising  the  districts  of  Toungoo,  Shway-gyeen, 
Salwin,  Amherst,  Tavoy,  and  Mergui.  Area,  43,047  square 
miles.  Capital,  Maulmain.  Pop.  596,525,  chiefly  Karens, 
Burmese,  Shans,  and  Peguans.  It  is  mostly  a  long,  narrow 
strip,  having  Siam  on  the  E.  and  the  sea  on  the  W. ;  but 
its  N,  extension  lies  between  Pegu  on  the  W.  and  the  Shan 
country  and  Laos  on  the  N.  and  E.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous,  and  covered  with  fine  forests ;  but  there  are 
some  alluvial  plains  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  cotton, 
indigo,  and  tobacco,  which,  with  rice,  sugar-cane,  numerous 
fruits,  excellent  teak  and  sapan-wood,  in  the  N.,  bamboos, 
rattans,  various  drugs  and  gums,  betel,  cocoa-nuts,  bala- 
chong,  tortoise-shell,  horns,  and  coal  at  Mergui,  are  the 
chief  products.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Salwin,  the  At- 
taram,  the  Ye,  the  Tavoy,  and  the  Tenasserim.  Along  the 
shore  islands  of  various  magnitude  occur,  the  principal  of 
which  is  the  island  of  Balu,  opposite  Maulmain,  which  ha« 
a  greater  number  of"  intabitants,  in  proportion,  than  any 
other  part  of  these  provinces.  The  climate  is  healthy,  the 
thermometer  ranging  from  75°  to  98°.  The  annual  fall  of 
rain  is  108_inches.  The  rainy  season  continues  from  May 
to  Octobier,  aTter  a  dry  season  of  six  months.  Iron  and  tin 
are  plentiful  in  the  provinces  of  Tavoy  and  Mergui,  out 
few  mines  are  wrought.  Elephants,  rhinoceroses,  tigers,  the 
wild  hog,  and  great  numbers  of  deer  abound  in  the  forests. 
The  population  are  mostly  Booddhists,  except  the  Karens ; 
they  manufacture  cotton  and  some  silk  fabrics.  The  ports 
are  free,  and  many  vessels  are  built  on  the  coast.  The 
.aountrY  passed  into  the  hands^of  the  British  by  the  pe8iS.e^ 
of  Yandabo,  which-"£erminated  the  Burmese  wai',"in  1826. 

Tenay,  t^h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  30  miles 
from  Bourg-en-Bresse.  It  has  silk-  and  woollen-mills. 
Pop.  2459. 

"Ten'brook,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn, 

Tenbury,  tfin'ber-e,  a  town  of  England,  co,  and  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Worcester,  on  the  S,  bank  of  the  Teme. 
Pop.  1210,  It  has  various  schools,  a  trade  in  hops  and  cider, 
tanning,  and  glove-making,  and  a  popular  mineral  spring. 

Ten'by  (Welsh,  Denhych-y-Pyagod,  den'biK  e  pis'god), 
a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  9  miles  E.  of  Pembroke,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Carmarthen  Bay,  Pop,  3810,  The  town,  par- 
tially enclosed  by  the  remains  of  strong  walls,  consists  chiefly 
of  a  long  and  spacious  street,  and  has  a  church  and  various 
chapels,  national  and  other  schools  and  charities,  a  town 
hall,  market-house,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  remains  of  a 
castle,  several  ecclesiastical  and  collegiate  edifices,  good 
hotels,  and  spacious  bathing-houses, — Tenby  being  resorted 
to  as  a  watering-place.  The  harbor  is  commodious  and 
well  sheltered.  Opposite  it  are  Caldy  and  St.  Margaret 
Islands.  The  exports  comprise  oysters,  butter,  corn,  and 
coal.    It  contributes  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament, 

Ten'by,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  co.  of  Pembroke,  49  miles 
E.  of  Hobart  Town. 

Tencha  Bayon,  ten'chi  bi'oo,  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  runs 
nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Sabine  River. 

Tenda,  tSn'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  S.  of  the  Col 
de  Tenda,  a  pass  of  the  Maritime  Alps,  to  which  it  gives 
name.     Pop.  1734. 

Tenda,  Col  de,  Alps.    See  Col  de  Tenda. 

Tenda-Maie,  t£n'd&-ml'&,  a  district  of  Senegambia, 
intersected  by  the  parallel  of  11'  50'  N.  and  by  the  merid- 
ian of  13°  W.  Iron  of  fine  quality,  and  salt,  are  obtained 
in  some  localities. 

Tendra,  t£n'dr&,  or  Ten'ter,  a  long  and  narrow 
island  in  the  Black  Sea,  40  miles  B.  of  Odessa.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  33  miles.  Lat.  of  light-house,  46°  22'  N. ; 
Ion.  31°  29'  E, 

Tendre,  Mont,  Jura  Mountains,    See  Mont-Tendre. 

Ten'edos  (Gr.  t<v««o«),  an  island  oflF  the  W.  coast  of 


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Asia  Minor,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria  Troas.  Length,  5 
miles.  Surface  mostly  rugged.  It  produces  superior  wine, 
corn,  cotton,  and  fruits.     On  its  N.B.  side  is  a  town. 

Tenember  Islands.    See  Tenimbbr  Islands. 

Tenerife,  tk-nk-ree'tk,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cauca,  province  of  Santa  Marta,  on  the 
Magdalena,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Mompox. 

Teneriffe,  t6n'?r-iflr  (Sp.  Tenerife,  ti^ni-ree'fi ;  Fr. 
T€niriffe,  ti^ni^reef),  the  largest  of  the  7  principal  Canary 
Islands,  between  Gran  Canaria  on  the  E.  and  Gomera  on 
the  W.,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Bojador,  on  the  African 
coast.  Lat.  from  28°  to  28°  35'  20"  N.,  Ion.  from  16°  5' 
to  16°  55'  W.  It  is  60  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.W., 
and  varies  in  breadth  from  35  miles  in  the  S.W.,  where 
widest,  to  20  miles  near  the  centre,  and  about  6  miles 
in  the  N.E.  Area,  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  wholly 
of  volcanic  formation,  and  is  composed  principally  of 
enormous  masses  of  trachyte,  lava,  and  basalt,  which  in 
their  culminating  point  (the  Peak  of  Teyde)  attain  the 
height  of  12,182  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  coast, 
which  is  very  irregular,  presents  an  almost  uninterrupted 
succession  of  lofty  cliflfe,  pierced  by  narrow,  precipitous 
fissures  or  ravines,  with  very  few  openings  in  which  a 
vessel  can  find  shelter.  The  Bay  of  Orotava,  on  the  N.W., 
once  the  best  anchorage  of  the  island,  was  almost  filled  up 
by  torrents  of  lava  from  an  eruption  in  1706;  and  the  only 
good  harbor  now  existing  is  that  of  Santa  Cruz,  on  the 
N.E,  The  view  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Teyde  is  one 
of  the  most  magnificent  in  the  world.  It  extends  over  the 
whole  of  the  archipelago,  while,  from  the  transparency  of 
the  atmosphere,  even  minute  objects  are  perceptible  at  a 
great  distance. 

Teneriffe  bears  some  resemblance  to  Mount  Etna.  Towns 
and  villages,  with  their  fields,  gardens,  and  vineyards, 
stretch  along  its  base  and  for  some  way  up  its  sides ;  next 
succeeds  a  woody  region,  and  beyond,  and  still  higher,  is  a 
Tride,  barren  plain,  covered  with  pumice-stone  and  blocks 
of  lava.  Where  the  surface  in  many  parts  is  more  hilly 
than  mountainous,  both  the  valleys  and  adjacent  hills  are 
generally  cultivated,  and  the  finest  fruits  of  the  island  are 
produced.  The  principal  products  of  Teneriffe  are  maize, 
wheat,  potatoes,  pulse,  almonds,  oranges,  apples,  guavas, 
honey,  wax,  silk,  cochineal,  and  wine.  The  manufactures 
are  very  insignificant,  but  include,  in  addition  to  some 
coarse  linen,  woollen,  and  silk  goods,  some  excellent  speci- 
mens of  furniture  and  cabinet-work.  The  Guanches,  the 
original  inhabitants  of  the  islands,  almost  all  perished  in 
vain  endeavors  to  defend  their  freedom  against  the  attacks 
of  the  Spaniards.  The  present  inhabitants  consist  of  a 
mixed  race,  in  which  Spanish  features  predominate.  Pop. 
93,709.     Capital,  Santa  Cruz  de  Teneriffe. 

T6n6s,  Tenez,  ti'nez,  or  Tennis,  tin'nis,  a  mari- 
time town  of  Algeria,  120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oran.  Pop. 
7935.     Near  it  is  Cape  TSnes,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

Te-Ngan,  ti\vgS,n',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo- 
Pe,  capital  of  a  department,  on  an  afliuent  of  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang.     Lat.  31°  18'  N.j  Ion.  113°  30'  E. 

Tengapatnam,  ting-ga-pat-n3,m',  a  maritime  town 
.)f  South  India,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Comorin. 

Teng-Fung,  tfing'fiing'  or  tfing^foong',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Ho-Nan,  capital  of  a  district.  Lat.  34° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  E.     It  has  a  very  ancient  observatory. 

Tengheez,  or  Tenghiz,  Asia.    See  Balkash. 

Tenghistoon,  or  Teughistoun,  tSn^ghis-toon',  a 
town  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  about  2  miles  from  the 
Persian  Gulf,  on  the  road  from  Bushire  to  Ferozabad.  Pop. 
abaut  2500. 

Tengri-Nor,  tSn'gree^-nor,  a  large  lake  of  Thibet, 
about  120  miles  N.W.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  about  31°  30'  N.  ; 
Ion.  90°  E.     Length,  80  miles ;  breadth,  40  miles. 

Teng-Tchoo,  or  Teug-Tchon,  ting^choo',  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  coast,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  opposite  the  peninsula 
of  Regent's  Sword. 

Teng-Tchoo,  or  Teng-Tchou,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Fo-Kien,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Amoy. 

Teng- Ye,  tSng^yi',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Yun- 
Nan,  near  the  Burmese  frontier,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Tsanta. 

Tenhassen,  ten-has's^n,  a  small  post-village  of  Mar- 
tin CO.,  Minn.,  in  Tenhasseu  township,  on  a  lake,  about  56 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  of  the  township,  200. 

Tenian,  one  of  the  Ladrone  Islands.     See  Tinian. 

Tenim'ber  (written  also  'Tenem'ber)  Islands,  a 
group  of  isles  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  of  which  the  chief 
is  Timor  Laut.  They  extend  from  lat.  6°  40'  to  8°  25'  S., 
:on.  from  130°  40'  to  132°  E.,  and  are  mostly  coral  islands 
surrounded  by  coral  reefs.    The  natives  are  distinguished 


from  those  of  the  surrounding  islands  by  their  language, 
and  also  by  their  form. 

Te'nino,  a  post-village  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Olympia  Railroad,  39  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Tacoma.     It  has  a  coal-bank. 

Tenkan'shee,  or  Teukasi,  ten-ki'see,  a  town  of 
India,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Tinnevelly.     Pop.  10,605. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co..  Col. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 

Ten  Mile,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    See  La  Porte. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on 
Ten  Mile  Creek,  about  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ten  Mile  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa., 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  coal-mine. 

Ten'mile  Creek,  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  flows  into  the 
Monongahela  River. 

Ten  Mile  Creek,  or  Tynemonth,  a  post-village 
in  St.  John  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  27 
miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Ten  Mile  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39°  32' 
11"  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  12"  W,     Altitude,  about  11,800  feet. 

Ten  Mile  River,  a  township  of  Mendocino  co.,  CaL 
Pop.  1889.     The  township  includes  Fort  Bragg  village. 

Ten  Mile  Run,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Rocky  Hill  Station. 

Ten  Mile  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn., 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sweet  Water. 

Ten'nant,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  o% 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Qilroy,  and  73 
miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tennant's  Cove,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John,  29  miles  from  the  city  of  St. 
John.     Pop.  200. 

Ten'nessee',  a  S.E.  central  state  of  the  Americatt 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  Kentucky  and  Virginia,  E.  by 
North  Carolina,  S.  by  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Mississippi, 
W.  by  Arkansas  and  Missouri.  Its  W.  limit  is  the  Missis- 
sippi River ;  and  from  North  Carolina  it  is  separated  by  the 
Iron,  Unaka,  Bald,  Stone,  or  Great  Smoky  ridge  of  the  Ap- 
palachian Mountains,  whose  general  altitude  is  5000  feet 
and  whose  broad  top  is  generally  treeless.  The  state  has  a 
rhomboidal  outline,  and  an  area  of  42,050  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Tennessee  is  popularly  spoken  of 
as  consisting  of  three  sections.  East,  Middle,  and  West  Ten- 
nessee. The  first  consists  (1)  of  the  eastern  mountain-border 
(area,  2000  square  miles),  (2)  Of  the  beautiful  East  Tennes- 
see Valley  (area,  9200  square  miles),  which  has  an  average 
elevation  at  the  N.  of  1350  feet  and  at  the  S.  of  800  feet,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  populous  tracts  in  the  state. 
This  valley  is  closely  furrowed  with  minor  ridges,  long  val- 
leys, and  enclosed  "  coves,"  nearly  all  with  a  N.E.  and  S.W. 
trend,  and  the  whole  is  55  miles  wide  at  the  N.  and  34 
miles  at  the  S.  extremity.  (3)  Of  the  great  Cumberland 
Mountain  plateau  (elevation  above  the  valley,  900  to  2800 
feet;  area,  5100  square  miles),  which  on  its  southeastern 
border  breaks  down  at  once  in  perpendicular  or  overhanging 
sandstone  cliflfs,  often  100  and  sometimes  even  200  feet  high; 
but  its  western  edge  is  notched  and  jagged  with  deep  coves 
and  projecting  spurs.  In  the  N.  it  is  71  miles  wide;  at  the 
S.  extremity  but  50  miles.  Its  top  is  generally  level ;  but 
at  some  points  there  are  superincumbent  mountains ;  and 
the  deep  Sequatchie  Valley  (3  to  5  miles  wide  and  60  miles 
long),  with  its  steep  mountain-walls,  reaches  into  the  pla- 
teau in  a  northward  course.  The  plateau  has  a  delightful 
climate,  abounds  in  deep  caves,  and  conceals  great  mineral 
treasures.  Middle  Tennessee  extends  W.  to  the  Tennessee 
River.  It  is  a  region  of  fertile  terraces,  covering  9300 
square  miles,  traversed  by  many  ravines  and  streams,  and 
declining  northwestward  towards  "  the  garden  of  Tennes- 
see," a  basin-like  area  of  5460  square  miles.  To  the  west- 
ward the  proper  valley  of  the  Tennessee  measures  some 
1200  square  miles.  West  Tennessee  lies  W.  of  the  Tennes- 
see River  and  E.  of  the  Mississippi.  Its  eastern  slope  is 
considerably  broken ;  the  western  descent  (area,  8850  square 
miles)  is  a  rolling  plain,  which  ultimately  terminates  in 
steep  bluffs  overlooking  the  Mississippi  bottom-lands. 
These  are  densely  timbered,  abound  in  lakes  and  swamps, 
and  have  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 

Geology,  Mineral  Wealth. — The  eastern  mountain-border 
consists  mainly  of  Silurian  rocks,  and  in  part  is  probably 
of  azoic  age.  It  affords  asbestos,  kaolin,  and  beautiful  red, 
greon,  and  other  granites,  especially  in  Carter  co.     Valuable 


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copper-mines  are  wrought  in  Carter  co. ;  and  the  foot-hills 
abound  in  iron  ore,  including  rich  pyrites,  limonite,  hem- 
atite, magnetite,  and  valuable  iron-manganese  ores.  The 
East  Tennessee  Valley,  which  is  geographically  and  geo- 
logically a  continuation  of  the  Kittatinny  Valley  of  New 
Jersey,  the  Cumberland  Valley  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
Shenandoah  Valley  of  Virginia,  is  floored  with  the  Trenton 
limestone  and  Hudson  River  shales.  The  valley  contains 
dyestone  (a  valuable  fossiliferous  brown  hematite),  hydraulic 
cement  rock,  good  lithographic  shale,  heavy-spar,  millstone, 
slate,  and  abundance  of  potter's  clay,  limestone,  fire-proof 
stone,  native  blue  vitriol,  marble,  and  ores  of  lead  and 
sine.  The  coal-measures  occupy  5100  square  miles,  mainly 
occupying  the  Cumberland  Mountain  plateau.  The  prod- 
uct in  1890  was  1,925,689  tons,  mainly  an  admirable  semi- 
bituminous  coal,  produced  to  a  great  extent  from  the  lowest 
carboniferous  strata,  which  were  long  regarded  as  unpro- 
ductive. The  Tennessee  coals  are  very  abundant  and  ac- 
cessible, and  are  admirably  adapted  for  iron-smelting.  The 
ooal  is  very  generally  associated  with  limestone,  clay  iron- 
stone, and  fire-clays.  Middle  Tennessee  contains  a  large 
Lower  Silurian  area  in  the  floor  of  its  great  basin,  whose 
converging  slopes  and  terraces  are  generally  of  Devonian 
and  subcarboniferous  age.  Petroleum,  alum,  gypsum, 
grindstones,  glass-sand,  marbles,  bat-guano  (from  caves), 
copperas,  fictile  clay,  and  iron  are  among  the  useful  prod- 
ucts of  Middle  Tennessee.  Along  the  Tennessee  River 
extends  the  western  iron-belt  of  5400  square  miles,  with 
huge  banks  or  quarries  of  brown  hematite  of  a  good  quality. 
The  greater  part  of  West  Tennessee  is  of  cretaceous  and 
tertiary  age,  but  the  Mississippi  bottoms  are  of  quaternary 
and  late  formation.  The  cretaceous  and  tertiary  contain 
lignite  in  abundance,  and  there  are  beds  of  valuable  green- 
sand  marl.  Among  the  minerals  of  Tennessee  we  must  also 
enumerate  borax,  Epsom  salts  (from  caves  and  spring- 
waters),  and  salt  from  natural  brines.  There  are  more  than 
200  kinds  and  shades  of  marble,  including  purely  white, 
perfectly  black,  red,  green,  variegated,  gray,  breccia,  and 
natural  scagliola.  Mineral  springs  are  exceedingly  numer- 
ous, and  prove  useful  in  a  very  wide  range  of  diseases. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — There  are  many  caves, 
some  of  them  of  great  depth  and  extent.  On  Duck  River, 
in  CofiFee  co.,  is  a  great  stone  fort  of  very  remote  prehis- 
toric origin.  Lookout  Mountain  is  a  popular  place  of 
summer  resort. 

Climate. — The  generally  considerable  elevation  of  Ten- 
nessee secures  it  from  the  oppressive  summer  heat  of  the 
Gulf  states ;  and  the  highland  and  mountain  counties  have 
a  long  and  altogether  delightful  summer,  while  the  winters 
are  nowhere  severe.  The  only  sickly  region  is  the  swampy 
part  of  West  Tennessee.  Vesical  calculus  is  a  somewhat 
prevalent  disease  in  some  sections. 

Natural  Productions. — The  extensive  forests  of  the  state 
afford  a  very  great  variety  of  timber-trees.  In  the  E.  grow 
the  white  and  other  pines ;  in  the  W.  the  larch,  cypress, 
and  Cottonwood;  and  almost  everywhere  the  tulip-tree, 
hickories,  the  magnolias,  sweet  and  black  gum,  black  and 
white  walnut,  cherry,  pecan,  ash,  maple,  persimmon,  sorrel 
tree,  locust,  chicot,  beech,  several  kinds  of  oak,  Ac.  Mid- 
dle Tennessee  has  great  forests  of  red  cedar.  The  lumber 
interest  is  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  state.  In  the 
W.  are  extensive  cane-brakes.  The  wild  lands  of  East  and 
Middle  Tennessee  are  one  of  the  chief  sources  of  the  com- 
mercial supply  of  medicinal  herbs  and  roots.  Among  the 
native  fruits  are  the  wild  plum,  the  grape,  persimmon, 
crab-apple,  pawpaw,  and  many  sorts  of  nuts  and  berries. 
Deer,  black  bears,  and  many  species  of  furred  and  feath- 
ered game  abound.  Among  the  reptiles  the  rattlesnake 
and  cottonmouth  are  venomous. 

Agriculture. — West  Tennessee  is  exceedingly  fertile,  with 
n.  deep  black  mellow  soil,  and  Indian  corn  and  cotton  are 
her  great  staples.  Middle  Tennessee  is  mostly  very  pro- 
ductive, though  some  few  of  her  counties  have  a  rocky  and 
untoward  soil,  underlaid  with  cold  and  stubborn  clays.  This 
region  is  for  the  most  part  excellent  grain  and  tobacco  land, 
and  grows  much  cotton,  especially  S.  of  Nashville.  The 
valley-lands  of  East  Tennessee  are  productive  of  corn  and 
tobacco ;  and  the  winter  wheat  of  this  section  is  the  earliest 
in  the  market  and  is  of  unsurpassed  excellence.  Potatoes 
(true  and  sweet),  oats,  hay,  hemp,  and  peanuts  are  im- 
portant products  of  the  state.  The  mountain-country 
affords  excellent  and  extensive  natural  sheep-walks  ;  and 
the  abundant  mast  of  the  forests  fattens  many  swine. 
Horses,  neat  cattle,  swine,  and  mules  are  bred  for  export. 
In  some  years  the  corn  crop  has  exceeded  50,000,000 
bushels  and  the  tobacco  crop  has  been  more  than  40,000,000 
pounds  ;  but  of  late  years  the  tendency  has  been  more  to 


mixed  farming,  or  the  raising  of  diversified  crops.  Mnoh 
honey,  wild  and  other,  is  obtained  in  Tennessee,  and  for 
grape-culture  and  wine-production  the  state  has  every  ad- 
vantage. Apples  do  well  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  state, 
and  the  exportation  of  dried  fruit  is  becoming  important. 
The  game  or  gama  grass  of  West  Tennessee  makes  abun- 
dant and  serviceable  natural  hay  for  winter  pasturage. 
The  so-called  barrens  of  Middle  Tennessee  embrace  much 
land  which  might  easily  be  made  productive. 

Rivers,  dec. — The  Mississippi,  Tennessee,  and  Cumber- 
land afford  extensive  commercial  facilities.  The  Tennessee 
crosses  the  state  twice.  Its  upper  portion  was  formerly 
called  the  Holston.  The  principal  tributaries  of  the  Ten- 
nessee are  the  Clinch,  Elk,  Duck,  Flint,  Paint  Rock,  Se- 
quatchie, Watauga,  French  Broad,  Little  Tennessee,  Hia- 
wassee,  and  Big  Sandy.  Among  the  tributaries  of  the 
Mississippi,  direct'  and  indirect,  are  the  Big  Hatchie,  Wolf, 
Forked  Deer,  Obion,  and  Reelfoot.  Reelfoot  Lake,  in  the 
N.W.,  is  the  largest  in  the  state.  It  is  a  shallow  expanse, 
formed  during  the  earthquake  of  1811.  The  Forked  Deer 
has  been  navigated  150  miles  at  high  water,  the  Big  Hat- 
chie 100  miles,  and  the  Obion  60  miles.  The  principal 
aflSuents  of  the  Tennessee  have  been  fitted  for  high-water 
navigation  to  some  extent.  The  principal  tributaries  of 
the  Cumberland  are  the  Harpeth,  Stone,  and  Obie's  Rivers, 
and  the  Caney  Fork ;  the  two  latter  are  navigable,  and 
small  steamboats  have  ascended  the  Caney  Fork  50  miles. 
Both  the  Tennessee  and  the  Cumberland  are  badly  encum- 
bered by  shoals  at  low  water.  The  minor  streams  of  the 
state  afford  very  great  water-power,  though  in  the  moun- 
tainous parts  their  very  rapid  fall  and  their  large  and  fre- 
quent fluctuations  in  volume  render  them  unreliable  for 
practical  purposes. 

Manufactures. — The  mining  and  smelting  of  iron  are  as- 
suming large  proportions.  The  product  of  pig-iron  in  1890 
was  290,747  tons,  and  that  of  wrought  iron  and  steel  was 
considerable.  Machine-puddling  is  carried  on  with  some 
success  at  Chattanooga.  Tennessee  also  exports  much  iron 
ore  to  the  Ohio  River  iron-working  towns.  Ducktown  is  the 
seat  of  profitable  copper-smelting  operations.  Zinc  and  zino 
paints  are  produced  in  East  Tennessee.  The  cotton  and 
woollen  manufactures  in  the  state  employ  about  $1,600,000 
capital.  There  is  a  large  lumber-sawing  industry  of  many 
years'  standing;  and  the  forest  products  (tar,  turpentine, 
charcoal,  tanners'  bark,  sumach  leaves,  Ac.)  are  of  con- 
siderable importance.  Cars,  carriages,  flour,  furniture, 
jeans  and  other  home-made  fabrics,  spirits,  oil  (cotton, 
peanut,  castor),  harness,  leather,  metallic  wares,  wines,  and 
woollens  are  leading  articles  of  manufacture.  Wool-carding 
and  boat-building  are  industries  of  some  consequence. 

The  Railroads  in  1861  extended  112  miles;  in  1855,  466 
miles;  in  1860,  1253  miles;  in  1865,  1296  miles;  in  1870, 
1492  miles;  in  1876,  1630  miles;  in  1880,  1824  miles;  in 
1885,  2151  miles,  and  in  1890,  2798  miles.  The  profits  of 
the  roads  in  this  state  have  been  on  the  whole  greater  than 
those  of  most  Southern  states ;  but  the  state  treasury  has 
had  to  bear  a  heavy  part  of  the  burdens  which  naturally 
would  have  fallen  upon  the  railroads. 

The  counties  are  96,  namely,  Anderson,  Bedford,  Ben* 
ton,  Bledsoe,  Blount,  Bradley,  Campbell,  Cannon,  Carroll, 
Carter,  Cheatham,  Chester,  Claiborne,  Clay,  Cocke,  Coffee, 
Crockett,  Cumberland,  Davidson,  Decatur,  De  Ealb,  Dick- 
son, Dyer,  Fayette,  Fentress,  Franklin,  Gibson,  Giles, 
Grainger,  Greene,  Grundy,  Hamblen,  Hamilton,  Hancoefc, 
Hardeman,  Hardin,  Hawkins,  Haywood,  Henderson,  Hen- 
ry, Hickman,  Houston,  Humphreys,  Jackson,  James,  Jef- 
ferson, Johnson,  Knox,  Lake,  Lauderdale,  Lawrence,  Lewis, 
Lincoln,  Loudon,  McMinn,  McNairy,  Macon,  Madison, 
Marion,  Marshall,  Maury,  Meigs,  Monroe,  Montgomery, 
Moore,  Morgan,  Obion,  Overton,  Perry,  Pickett,  Polk,  Put- 
nam, Rhea,  Roane,  Robertson,  Rutherford,  Scott,  Sequatchie, 
Sevier,  Shelby,  Smith,  Stewart,  Sullivan,  Sumner,  Tipton, 
Trousdale,  Unicoi,  Union,  Van  Buren,  Warren,  Washington, 
Wayne,  Weakley,  White,  Williamson,  and  Wilson. 

The  Principal  Cities  are  Memphis,  on  the  Mississippi,  a 
great  cotton  mart  (pop.  in  1890,  64,495) ;  Nashville,  the 
state  capital,  on  the  Cumberland  (76,168) ;  Knoxville,  on  the 
Upper  Tennessee,  the  eastern  metropolis  (22,535) ;  Chatta- 
nooga, in  the  coal  and  iron  district  (29,100) ;  Jackson,  a  great 
trade-centre  (10,039);  Clarksville(7924);  Columbia (5370); 
and  Bristol,  Brownsville,  Cleveland,  Fayetteville,  Franklin, 
Gallatin,  Greeneville,  Lebanon,  McMinnville,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Pulaski,  Shelbyville,  Trenton,  and  Tracy  City  are 
all  important  towns.  Rookwood,  Ducktown,  and  Tracy  City 
are  examples  of  a  class  of  young  and  thriving  mining-towns. 

Oovemment,  &c. — The  governor  is  chosen  by  the  people 
every  even-numbered  year.    The  general  assembly  consists 


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of  25  senators  and  a  lower  house  of  75  representatives,  sit- 
ting biennially.  Judges  are  chosen  by  the  people  for 
limited  terms  of  service,  and  are  removable  by  a  two-thirds 
vote  of  the  general  assembly.  Every  voter  must  have 
resided  one  year  in  the  state  and  6  months  in  the  county, 
and  must  pay  at  least  a  poll-tax.  The  state  has  10  repre- 
sentatives in  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 

Public  Institutiotu, — At  Nashville  are  the  state  school  for 
the  blind,  the  insane  hospital,  and  the  state  prison;  but 
gangs  of  convicts  are  also  employed  as  navvies,  miners,  Ac, 
in  various  parts  of  the  state.  At  Enoxville  stands  the  Ten- 
nessee School  for  Deaf-Mutes. 

Education. — Ineffective  school-laws  have  been  from  time 
to  time  enacted,  and  in  1873,  many  of  the  counties  having 
no  public  schools  at  all,  the  whole  legislation  of  the  state 
upon  this  matter  was  subjected  to  a  thorough  revision. 
Since  that  time  the  course  of  public  instruction  would  ap- 
pear to  hare  prospered.  There  is  a  large  permanent  school 
fund,  whose  income,  with  the  proceeds  of  general  and  local 
school  taxes,  maintains  the  free  schools.  Separate  schools 
are  established  for  colored  pupils.  There  are  normal  schools 
at  Morristown  and  Nashville,  and  normal  instruction  is 
given  at  some  of  the  colleges  and  higher  institutions.  Col- 
leges and  universities  exist  at  Athens,  Beech  Grove,  Bris- 
tol (2),  Chattanooga,  Clarksville,  Qreeneville,  Hiawassee, 
Jackson  (2),  Enoxville,  Lebanon  (2),  MoKenzie,  Mary- 
ville,  Memphis,  Mossy  Creek,  Mulligan,  Nashville  (6), 
Sewanee,  Sweetwater,  Tasoulum,  <fcc.  To  the  University 
of  Nashville  is  affiliated  the  state  normal  university,  and 
the  East  Tennessee  University,  Knoxville,  embraces  the 
state  college  of  agriculture.  Among  the  best-endowed  in- 
stitutions of  learning  are  the  Cumberland  University,  at 
Lebanon  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  the  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity, Nashville  (Methodist),  the  University  of  the  South, 
Sewanee  (Episcopalian),  and  the  Fisk  University,  at  Nash- 
ville, for  colored  students  of  either  sex.  There  are  several 
schools  of  law,  medicine,  and  divinity,  and  a  large  number 
of  private  and  denominational  academies  and  seminaries. 

Finances. — The  state  contracted  a  large  indebtedness  in 
aiding  railroad  enterprises,  but  this  was  subsequently  re- 
duced by  the  foreclosure  of  mortgages  and  the  sales  of  the 
roads  themselves.  In  1890  the  debt  was  $14,110,900,  be- 
sides an  unfunded  balance  of  the  old  debt  amounting  to 
$2,339,000,  making  a  total  indebtedness  of  $16,349,900. 
The  total  valuation  of  property  in  1890  was  $347,508,105. 

History. — Tennessee  was  permanently  colonized  in  1754, 
from  North  Carolina,  of  which  province  this  region  was  a 
part.  It  was  officially  named  the  District  of  Washington, 
in  1776;  but  the  people  (1785-88)  organized  and  main- 
tained a  separate  government  under  the  name  of  "  the 
State  of  Franklin."  In  1789  the  whole  was  merged  into 
"  the  United  States  Territory  south  of  the  Ohio."  In  1794 
Tennessee  became  a  separate  territory,  and  in  1796  a  state. 
In  June,  1861,  a  majority  of  the  people  voted  for  secession  ; 
but  East  Tennessee  had  a  large  majority  of  active  Union- 
ists throughout  the  war  of  1861-65.  This  state  was  the 
scene  of  several  active  campaigns,  and  severe  battles  took 
place  at  Fort  Pillow,  Stone  River,  Island  No.  10,  near 
Memphis  (naval),  Nashville,  Chickamauga,  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, Missionary  Ridge,  Knoxville,  Franklin,  and  many 
other  places.  Since  the  war  there  have  been  many  difficult 
financial  and  social  problems,  and  the  labor-system  has 
been  disorganized,  but  the  state  has  made  much  progress, 
especially  in  her  manufacturing  interests. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  35,691 ;  in  1800, 105,602  ;  in 
1810,  261,727;  in  1820,  422,771 ;  in  1830,  681,904;  in  1840, 
829,210;  in  1850,  1,002.717;  in  1860,  1,109,801;  in  1870, 
1^58,520;  in  1880,  1,542,359;  in  1890,  1,767,518. 

Tennessee^  a  post-village  in  Tennessee  township, 
MoDonough  co.,  Dl.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macomb,  and  61  miles  N.E. 
of  Quincy.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  valuable  coal-mines. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  Colchester.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2126. 

Tennessee  Colony,  post-office,  Anderson  oc,  Tex. 

Tennessee  Pass,  Colorado,  a  pass  over  the  main 
range  of  the  Rooky  Mountains,  has  an  elevation  of  10,418 
feet.  Lat.  39°  21'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  106«  18'  W.  It  is  the 
easiest  pass  over  this  range  in  Colorado. 

Tennessee  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hous- 
ton CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  33 
miles  W.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  store. 

Tennessee  River  is  formed  by  the  Clinch  and  Hol- 
Bton  Rivers,  which  rise  in  Virginia  and  unite  at  Kingston, 
Roane  co.,  Tenn.  It  flows  southwestward  to  Chattanooga, 
where  it  turns  abruptly  to  the  right,  and  soon  strikes  a 
mountain-ridge  whioh  compels  it  to  run  southwestward  to 


Guntersville,  Ala.  Below  this  point  it  pursues  a  W.N.'W, 
direction  until  it  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  state  of 
Mississippi.  It  next  bends  to  the  right,  returns  into 
the  state  of  Tennessee,  runs  northward,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Perry,  Humphreys,  Houston, 
and  Stewart  on  the  right,  and  Decatur,  Benton,  and  Henry 
on  the  left.  It  finally  runs  nearly  northwestward  through 
Kentucky,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Paducah.  It  is 
the  largest  affluent  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  about  800 
miles  long,  excluding  the  branches.  Large  steamboats  can 
ascend  it  to  Florence,  about  270  miles  from  its  month. 
Near  Florence  the  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rocky  rapids, 
called  Muscle  Shoals,  above  which  the  river  is  navigable 
for  steamboats  to  Kingston.  The  chief  towns  on  this  river 
and  branches  are  Knoxville,  Chattanooga,  Florence,  and 
Paducah.  It  has  an  affluent  called  Little  Tennessee 
(which  see).  About  $700,000  has  been  expended  in  an 
unsuccessful  effort  to  improve  the  navigation  by  a  canal  at 
the  Muscle  Shoals.  Seven  steamboats  are  employed  on  this 
river  above  the  Muscle  Shoals.  Since  the  civil  war  the 
government  has  appropriated  large  sums  for  the  improve- 
ment of  the  navigation  of  this  river. 

Tennessee  River,  Tennessee.    See  Danville. 

Tennessee  Rolling- Works,  a  post-village  of  Lyon 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  E.  or  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River, 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
rolling-mill  which  makes  good  boiler-iron.     Pop.  700. 

Tennille,  ten'nil,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia, 
at  the  junction  of  a  railroad  to  Sandersville,  55  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Macon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Tennis,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Tenes. 

Tennstedt,  tdnn'stStt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  2762. 

Tenochtitlan,  ti-notoh-tit-l&n',  the  ancient  name  of 
the  city  of  Mexico,  and  of  the  table-land  on  which  it  stands, 
elevation  averaging  7500  feet. 

Tenos,  the  ancient  name  of  Ting. 

Ten  Pound  Island,  Massachusetts,  |  of  a  mile  S.  of 
Gloucester.     Lat.  42°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  W. 

Tenriu,  t4n*re-oo',  a  river  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of 
Hondo,  which  it  traverses  N.  to  S.,  and  falls  into  the  Pa- 
cific a  little  W.  of  the  Bay  of  Totomina.  Total  course, 
about  100  miles. 

Ten'sas,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tensas 
River  and  Macon  Bayou.  The  surface  is  level,  and  but 
little  higher  than  the  river.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests 
of  cypress,  ash,  oak,  hickory,  honey-locust,  and  other  trees 
cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products,  and  of  the  former  over  25,000  bales 
are  sometimes  produced  in  a  year.  Capital,  St.  Joseph, 
situated  on  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,419; 
in  1880,  17,815;  in  1890,  16,647. 

Ten'sas  (or  Tensaw),  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tensas  River  and  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile.  Here  is  Tensas  Station. 
Here  much  timber  is  taken  from  the  rafts  of  the  Tensas 
and  sent  by  rail  to  Pensacola. 

Tensas  (or  Ten'saw)  River,  Louisiana,  rises  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  runs  nearly  southward.  It 
forms  the  boundary  between  Franklin  and  Catahoula  par- 
ishes on  the  right  and  Madison  and  Tensas  on  the  left,  and 
enters  the  Ouachita  River  at  Trinity.  It  is  nearly  240 
miles  long.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  about  150  miles. 

Tensas  (or  Tensaw)  River,  in  Baldwin  co.,  Ala., 
flows  S.  to  Mobile  Bay,  in  a  course  generally  parallel  to 
that  of  the  Mobile  River,  of  whioh  it  may  be  regarded  as 
a  bayou  or  side-channel. 

Tensift,  t^n^sift'  or  tSn^seeft',  a  principal  river  of  Mo- 
rocco, which  kingdom  it  divides  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts,  after  a  W.  course  of  190  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mogadore. 

Tenter,  an  island  of  Russia.    See  Tensra. 

Ten'terden,  a  town  and  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Maidstone.  Pop.  of  the  borough, 
3669,  chiefly  agricultural. 

Tenth  Legion,  le'jun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.  of  Newmarket,  and  3  miles  from  Broad- 
way Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Tentugal,t4n-too-gfi,l',  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Douro,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Coimbra,  near  th« 
right  bank  of  the  Mondego.     Pop.  2065. 

Tentyra,  the  ancient  name  of  Denderah. 

Teny  (ten'e)  Cape,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  headland  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  sara* 


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2601 


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rnme  in  Cobequid  Bay,  23^  miles  from  Newport.  Manga- 
nese is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  250. 

Tenysville,  ten'iz-vll,  post-oflBce,  Baker  oo.,  Oregon. 

Teocalli  (te-o-kal'lee)  Ittountain,  Colorado,  a  peak 
of  the  Elk  Range,  in  lat.  38»  57'  40"  N.,  Ion.  IO60  63'  "W. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  13,113  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The 
strata  composing  this  mountain  are  nearly  horizontal, 
and  so  broken  as  to  form  a  series  of  steps  from  the  base  to 
the  summit.     It  resembles  the  teooallis  of  the  Aztecs. 

Teoge,  tk-o'gk,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  an  afSuent 
from  the  N.  of  Lake  Ngami. 

Teohante,  Quebec.    See  Melocbetille. 

Teonista  Creek,  Pa.    See  Tionesta  Creek. 

Teopixca,  ti-o-pix'ki,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Chiapa,  18  miles  from  Ciudad  Real. 

Teora,  ti-o'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
^  miles  S.S.B.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  4319. 

Teotihuacan,  t&-o-te-w&-k&n',  a  plateau  of  Mexico, 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tezcoco,  surrounded  on  all  sides, 
«xcept  the  E.,  by  ridges  and  mountain-spurs,  and  celebrated 
for  two  remarkable  pyramids  which  stand  near  its  centre. 
The  one  measures  682  feet  at  its  base  and  terminates  in  a 
level  platform  121  feet  high.     The  other  is  smaller. 

Tepeaca,  ti-p^-&'k&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Puebla.  It  has  a  Franciscan  convent,  manu- 
factures of  woollen  stuflFs,  and  trade  in  corn. 

Tepeje,  or  Tepexe,  ti-pi'Hi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  50  miles  S.  of  Puebla. 

Tepel,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Tepl. 

Tepeleni,  ti-pi-li'nee,  written  also  "Tep^aleen'and 
Tep^alen',  a  town  of  Albania,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avlona, 
on  the  Voyussa.  It  is  almost  wholly  in  ruins.  The  prin- 
cipal edifice  is  the  palace  of  Ali  Pasha  of  Yanina,  born 
liere  about  a.d.  1750. 

Tepetitan,  ti-pi-te-t&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tabasco,  on  the  river  Tepetitan,  an  affluent  of  the  Chila- 
pilla,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  1000.  It  is 
irregularly  built  of  mud  and  sun-dried  bricks. 

Tepic,  tfip-ik'  or  ti-peek',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Jalisco^  on  a  height,  25  miles  E.  of  San  Bias.  Pop.  10,000. 
It  is  the  principal  town  in  the  state  after  Guadalajara,  and 
is  the  residence  during  the  rainy  season  of  most  of  the 
wealthy  inhabitants  of  San  Bias. 

Tepl,  Tepel,  tfip'l,  or  Tepla,  tip'li,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 29  miles  N.W.  of  Pilsen.  Pop.  2421.  Near  it  is 
the  abbey  of  Tepl  or  Topi. 

Teplik,  tfip'lik,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  32  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Olgopol.     Pop.  1500. 

Teplitz,  Toeplitz,  tSp'lits,  or  Top'litz  (Hung. 
Kia-Teplicx,  kish-tfip'lits),  several  market-towns  of  Hun- 
gary, the  principal  in  the  co.  of  Liptau,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Kesmark.     Pop.  1220. 

Teplitz,  or  Toeplitz,  Bohemia.     See  Toplitz. 

Teposcolnla,  or  Tepozcolula,  ti-pos-ko-loo'li,  a 
town  of  Mexico,  state  and  45  miles  N.W.  of  Oajaca. 

Teqaam'enon,  or  Tahquam'enaw,  a  bay  at  the 
E.  extremity  of  Lake  Superior,  and  contiguous  to  Chippewa 
CO.,  Mich. 

'Tequendama  Falls,  South  America.    See  Bogota. 

Tequia,  ti-kee'i,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
«tate  of  Boyaca,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona. 

Ter,  tSr,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  rises  in  the  Py- 
renees, flows  S.  and  E.  past  Gerona,  and  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean by  several  mouths  S.  of  the  Gulf  of  Rosas.  Total 
course,  90  miles.  It  is  almost  everywhere  fordable,  and  its 
waters  near  the  sea  are  mostly  diverted  for  irrigation. 

Ter,  a  district  of  Russia.     See  Terek. 

Tera-Kako,  tSr'i-ki'ko,  a  peninsula  on  the  E.  coast 
of  New  Zealand,  North  Island,  bounding  the  entrance  to 
Hawke's  Bay  on  the  N.E. 

Teramo,  tSr'i-mo  (anc.  Interam'nia),  a  city  of  Italy, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Teramo,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Aquila. 
Lat.  42°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  48'  E.  Pop.  8829.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  several  convents,  a  college,  clerical  seminary, 
botanic  garden,  orphan  school,  foundling  and  other  asylum's. 
Its  neighborhood  is  very  fertile  in  corn,  wine,  and  oil. 

Teramo,  formerly  Abruzzo  Ultra  I.,  i-broot'soool'- 
tri  pree'mo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Abruzzi.  Area, 
1284  square  miles.     Pop.  246,004. 

Teraneh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Terraneh. 

Tera-Wera  (t4'ri-wi'ri)  Lake,  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island,  40  miles  in  length,  discharges  its  waters  N.E. 
into  the  Bay  of  Plenty  by  Tera-Wera  River. 

Terceira,  tiR-s4'e-r&,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands,  in 

the  Atlantic  Ocean,  central  group,  N.E.  of  Fayal  and  Sao 

Jorge,  lat.  38°  30'  N.,  Ion  27°  10'  W.,  about  70  miles  N.W. 

of  St.  Michael  (Sao  Miguel).     Greatest  length,  20  miles ; 

164 


average  breadth,  13  miles.  The  coast  almost  everywhere  pre- 
sents bold  and  inaccessible  cliffs.  The  interior  rises  by  gentle 
slopes  towards  the  centre,  where  it  becomes  mountainous, 
and  then  descends  abruptly  towards  the  N.W.  The  whole 
surface  bears  the  impress  of  volcanic  agency.  The  soil, 
composed  of  decomposed  lava  and  other  volcanic  matters, 
possesses  the  greatest  natural  fertility.  Heavy  crops  of 
yams,  grain,  and  pulse  of  all  sorts  are  raised.  Fruit  also 
of  exquisite  flavor  is  very  abundant,  and  oranges  and 
lemons  are  now  raised  to  a  great  extent.  Pumice  is  the 
only  mineral  which  seems  capable  of  being  turned  to  any 
account,  and  there  are  no  manufactures  worthy  of  the  name. 
The  capital  of  the  island  is  Angra,  which  gives  its  name 
to  a  department  including  the  three  islands  of  Terceira, 
Sao  Jorge,  and  Graciosa.  Pop.  40,000.  Terceira  signifies 
"  third"  island,  it  being  the  third  in  length  of  the  group. 

Tercero,  tfiR-si'ro,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
states  of  Cordova  and  Santa  P6,  after  an  E.  course  joins 
the  Parang  at  the  influx  of  the  Rio  Salado,  whence  it  is 
navigable  to  a  point  100  miles  S.E.  of  Cordova. 

Terchova,  tSn^Ko'vfih',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Trentschin,  12  miles  from  Szolna.     Pop.  3450. 

Terdoppio,  tSn-dop'pe-o,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  a  little 
S.  of  Lago  Maggiore,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Po. 
Length,  53  miles. 

Tereblestie,  ti-ri-bl4s'tee,  a  village  of  Austria,  proT- 
ince  of  Bukowina.     Pop.  3190. 

Terek,  ti-r4k',  a  river  of  Russia,  after  an  E.  course  of 
350  miles,  enters  the  Caspian  Sea  by  several  mouths,  near 
lat.  44°  N.,  Ion.  46°  to  48°  E.  It  is  rapid,  and  has  numer- 
ous affluents. 

Terek,  or  Ter,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Ciscaucasia, 
extending  from  the  crest  of  the  Caucasus  N.E.  to  the  Cas- 
pian Sea.  Area,  23,267  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Terek.  Its  N.  portion  is  composed  of  steppes  and 
marshes.     Chief  town,  Vladikavkas.     Pop.  485,237. 

Terekli,  tdr'e-klee^  written  also  Tarakli,  a  small 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ismeed. 

Terence  Bay,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Turn's  Bat. 

Tereshka,  t&-r4sh'k&,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  on  the 
N .  frontiers  of  the  government  of  Saratov,  and  flows  nearly 
parallel  to  the  Volga,  which  it  joins  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  the 
city  of  Saratov.     Length,  180  miles. 

Terette,  ti-rfit'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Caserta,  S.E.  of 
Sora,  on  the  top  of  an  almost  inaccessible  height.     P.  1830. 

Terga,  tfin'gi,  a  town  of  Morocco,  kingdom  and  70 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fez,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3000. 

Tergeste,  Tyrol.     See  Triest. 

Tergestinus  Sinus,  Tyrol.    See  Gulf  of  Teiest. 

Terglou,  tSr'gloo,  a  mountain  of  the  Carnic  Alps. 
Height,  9380  feet. 

Tergnier,  t5rn^ye-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
19  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Laon.  Here  are  machine-shops 
of  the  railroad.     Pop.  3079. 

Ter- Goes,  Netherlands.    See  Goes. 

Tergouw,  Netherlands.     See  Gouda. 

Tergovist,  Tirgovist,  t§r-go-veest',  or  Targu- 
Vestea,  tar'goo-vfis-ti'i,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Jalomnitza,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  8190. 

Terk,  tfiRk,  a  pretty  little  tovrn  of  North  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Azerbaijan,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Tabreez. 

Terlizzi,  tSR-lit'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Bari,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Barletta,  and  7  miles  from  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
18,175.     It  has  a  cathedral  and  a  church,  and  3  convents. 

Termeh,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Therueh. 

Termini,  tdR'me-ne  (anc  Ther'mte),  a  seaport  town  of 
Sicily,  on  the  N.  coast,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ter- 
mini, 20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palermo.  Lat.  37°  57'  N.  j  Ion. 
13°  42'  E.  Pop.  19,560.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  de- 
fended by  a  castle  on  a  lofty  rook.  It  has  warm  mineral 
baths,  whence  its  name,  a  caricatore  or  depot  for  grain,  and 
an  active  anchovy-fishery.  Six  miles  E.  are  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Himera. 

Termiuos,  Laguna  de.    See  Laouna  de  Terminos. 

Ter'miuus,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Pinal 
CO.,  Arizona. 

Terminus,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  at  Oneida 
Station. 

Termoli,  tfln'mo-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  3189. 

Termonde,  Belgium.    See  Benseruonde. 

Termonfeck'an,  or  Torfeck'an,  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Louth,  on  the  E.  coast,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clogher. 
It  is  a  place  of  resort  for  sea-bathing. 

Ternate,  ter'nit'  or  ter-ni'ti,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo,  E.  of  Celebes,  and 


TER 


2602 


TER 


N.  of  Ceram.  Lat.  0<»  48'  N. ;  Ion.  127"  18'  E.  On  it  is  a 
remarkable  volcano,  over  5000  feet  in  height,  at  the  base  of 
which,  on  the  S.,  is  the  town  of  Ternate,  the  residence  of  the 
sultan  and  of  the  Dutch  regent  of  the  island.  The  island 
is  nearly  circular,  about  10  miles  in  diameter,  and  thickly 
wooded.  Cocoa-nuts,  sago,  and  other  tropical  products  are 
plentiful,  and  tobacco  and  cotton  are  grown.  Sulphur,  salt- 
petre, pumice-stone,  and  lime  are  the  chief  minerals. 

Ternate,  a  residency  of  the  Dutch  possessions  in  the 
East,  including  Ternate  Island,  part  of  Celebes,  the  N. 
coast  of  Papua,  and  the  adjoining  islands  of  Waigeoo,  Sala- 
watty,  Mysol,  <fcc.     Capital,  Ternate.     Pop.  99,821. 

Ternate,  a  town  situated  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Ternate.  It  is  neatly  built,  has  broad,  paved  streets,  a 
large  market-place,  a  mosque,  and  a  Protestant  church,  and 
hard  by  the  Dutch  fort  and  the  sultan's  palace.  The  town 
is  picturesquely  situated,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  Northern 
Moluccas.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  tortoise-shell,  trepang, 
wax,  birds  of  paradise,  and  massay  bark.     Pop.  9000. 

Ternava,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Tyrnau. 

Ternense,  tfiR^nuz',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Axel.     Pop.  3093. 

Temi,  tflR'nee  (anc.  Interam'na),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Perugia,  picturesquely  seated  near  the  Nera, 
49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rome.  About  4  miles  to  the  E.,  on  the 
Velino,  a  stream  which  flows  into  the  Nera,  is  a  celebrated 
cascade,  called  the  Cascata  del  Marmore  (kis-ki'tfl,  dfil 
maR'mo-ri).  The  water  falls,  by  three  leaps,  about  750 
feet,  producing  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  romantic 
cataracts  in  the  world.  The  town  is  enclosed  by  turreted 
walls,  and  has  a  noble  cathedral  with  some  fine  paintings, 
a  theatre,  a  bathing-establishment,  and  active  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics.  Among  its  remains  of  an- 
tiqruity  are  the  vaults  of  an  amphitheatre.     Pop.  9115. 

Ternova,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Tirnova. 

Terodant,  t^-ro-d&nt',  written  also  Taroodant, 
Tarondant,  and  Tarudant,  a  town  of  Morocco,  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Soos,  on  the  river  Soos,  125  miles 
S.W.  of  Morocco.  Pop.  15,000.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain, 
and  its  thick  and  lofty  walls  enclose  a  large  area.  Its  in- 
habitants excel  in  the  art  of  dyeing. 

Teror,  t^-roR',  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Gran 
Canaria,  with  a  large  and  handsome  church,  an  episcopal 
palace,  a  primary  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
linen  cloth. 

Ter'race,  a  post-oflSce  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  100  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

Terracina,  tfiR-Ri-chee'nS.  (anc.  Anx'itr,  afterwards 
Terraci'na),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Pontine  marshes,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Terracina  in 
the  Mediterranean,  58  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  6224. 
On  the  height  above  it  are  the  cathedral,  and  ruins  of  the 
ancient  Anzur,  and  above  these,  on  a  bold  height,  the  re- 
mains of  the  palace  of  Galba.  The  harbor  is  accessible 
only  to  small  coasting-vessels,  and  there  is  little  trade. 
The  celebrated  Appian  Way,  between  Rome  and  Terracina, 
is  still  traceable. 

Ter'ra  Cot'ta,  a  post-oflBce  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Ter'ra  del  Fue'gO  (Sp.  Tierra  del  Fuego,  te-4R'Ri 
dil  fwi'go,  the  "  land  of  fire ;"  Port.  Terra  do  Fogo,  tSR'R& 
do  fo'go ;  Fr.  Terre  de  Feu,  taiR  d§h  fuh ;  Ger.  Feuerland, 
foi'§r-lint^),  a  large  group  of  islands  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  South  America,  between  lat.  52°  40'  and  66°  S.  and  Ion. 
63°  40'  and  75°  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
the  Strait  of  Magellan,  and  its  other  sides  are  washed  by 
the  Atlantic  on  the  E.,  the  Pacific  on  the  W.,  and  the  Ant- 
arctic on  the  S.  Besides  numberless  small  islands,  it  con- 
sists of  one  very  large  island.  East  Terra  del  Fuego,  or  King 
Charles'  South  Land,  measuring  from  E.  to  W.,  near  its  S. 
shore,  385  miles,  with  an  extreme  breadth,  from  N.  to  S., 
of  above  200  miles,  and  of  four  very  considerable  smaller 
islands, — Navarino  and  Hoste  on  the  S.,  separated  from 
East  Terra  del  Fuego  by  Beagle  Channel,  and  Clarence  and 
Land  of  Desolation  on  the  W.  All  of  the  islands  are  deeply 
penetrated  by  arms  of  the  sea,  and  composed  of  mountains 
which  are  either  covered  with  perpetual  ice  and  snow  or 
are  clothed  with  stunted  forests,  chiefly  of  evergreen  beech. 
The  term  Land  of  Desolation,  which  Cook  applied  to  the 
large  western  island,  is  strictly  applicable  to  the  whole 
group.  The  climate  is  one  of  the  most  wretched  which 
it  is  possible  to  imagine:  mist,  rain,  and  snow,  with  con- 
tinued storms,  follow  one  another  in  constant  succession. 
The  zoology  of  the  group  is  very  scanty.  Besides  cetaeea, 
the  only  mammalia  are  a  bat,  rats,  seals,  mice,  the  fox,  sea- 
otter,  guanaco,  and  deer.  Birds,  however,  particularly 
sea-fowl,  are  numerous. 


The  natives  of  the  N.E.  part  of  Terra  del  Fuego  resem- 
ble the  Patagonians  in  color  and  stature ;  those  of  the  S.E. 
portion  are  low  in  stature,  ill-looking,  and  badly  propor- 
tioned. Terra  del  Fuego  was  discovered  by  Magellan  in 
1520,  and  named  "  Land  of  Fire,"  from  the  fires  he  saw  on 
its  coast  during  the  night.  Those  fires  are  supposed  to 
have  been  volcanic. Inhab.  Fuegian,  fu-ee'jan. 

Terra  del  Sole,  tfin'Ri  dSl  so'li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  46  miles  N.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Montone. 
Pop.  4216. 

Terra  di  Lavoro,  Italy.    See  Caserta. 

Terra  di  Otranto,  Italy.    See  Leccb. 

Terralba,  tiR-R&l'bi,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar 
dinia,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  4283. 

Terran,  European  Turkey.     See  Tirana. 

Terraneh,  tir-ri'n^h,  Teraneh,  or  Taraneh,  t^ 
ri'n§h,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  Rosetta  arm  of  the 
Nile,  7  miles  W.  of  Menoof. 

Terranova,  tJR-Ri-no'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili 
cata,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  1996. 

Terranova,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  8 
miles  S.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  2658. 

Terranova,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di 
Calabria,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palmi.  It  was  founded  at  a 
very  early  period,  and  had  risen  to  be  one  of  the  finest 

E laces  in  the  province,  when  it  was  in  great  part  destroyed 
y  the  earthquake  of  1783. 

Terranova  (anc.  Ob'bia),  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, on  a  bay  of  the  N.E.  coast,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Longo- 
Sardo.     Pop.  1976. 

Terranova,  a  seaport  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sicily, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Terranova,  18  miles  E.  of  Alicata. 
Pop.  14,686.  It  has  a  castle,  several  churches  and  con- 
vents, a  hospital,  and  a  handsome  palace.  Coarse  cloth  is 
manufactured  here,  and  finds  a  good  market  at  the  annual 
fair  in  August.  The  town  has  also  a  caricatore  or  corn- 
magasine,  and  an  export  trade  in  oorn,  wine,  sulphur,  and 
soda. 

Terra  Nova.    See  Nb-wfoundland. 

Terranuova,  tAR'R4-noo-o'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
inoe  of  Florence,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Figline.     Pop.  6669. 

Ter'rapin  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  about  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Denver,  runs  northward  through  Arapahoe  co.,  and 
enters  the  South  Platte  River  in  Weld  co.,  about  10  miles 
E.  of  Evans.     It  is  nearly  76  miles  long. 

Terrapin  Hill,  a  post-ofBce  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Terra  Santa,  the  Italian  name  of  Palestine. 

Terrasson,  t4R^Ri8^s6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  2586. 

Terrazzo,  tSr-r&t'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Verona.     Pop.  2853. 

Terre  Bonne,  t^rr^bonn',  a  bayou  of  Louisiana,  runs 
nearly  southward  in  the  parish  of  its  own  name,  and  enters 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  name  is  French,  and  signifies 
"  good  land." 

Terre  Bonne,  a  southeastern  parish  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  1800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tbe 
S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Atohafalaya  Bayou.  It  is  drained  by  Caillou,  Chene, 
Black,  and  Terre  Bonne  Bayous.  The  surface  is  level  and 
partly  subject  to  inundation,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  and  shallow  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar,  mo- 
lasses, and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
the  forest-trees  are  the  cypress  and  live-oak.  The  main 
line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company  passes  along 
the  N.  border  of  this  parish,  and  a  branch  of  the  same 
extends  to  Houma,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,461 ;  in 
1880,  17,957;  in  1890,  20,167. 

Terre  Bonne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Terre  Bonne  parish. 
La.,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway 
Company,  at  the  junction  of  the  Houma  Branch,  55  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans. 

Terrebonne,  tSrr^bon',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Quebec,  has  an  area  of  546  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  North  River,  which  flows  into  the  Ottawa,  and  other 
small  streams.     Capital,  St.  JerSme.     Pop.  19,591. 

Terrebonne,  a  town  of  Quebec,  in  the  co.  of  Terre- 
bonne, on  the  river  Jesus  (a  branch  of  the  Ottawa),  16  miles 
N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  with  17 
professors  and  an  average  attendance  of  200  pupils,  2 
churches,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  manufactories 
of  cloth,  leather,  iron  castings,  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments. It  possesses  unsurpassed  water-power;  there  are 
extensive  limestone-quarries  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  1050. 

Terre  Coupee,  tfir're  ko'pe  (Fr.  pron.  taia  koo^pi'),  a 
post-hamlet  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Terr« 
Coupee  Station  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 


TER 


2603 


TES 


[ 


Railroad.  It  has  a  church.  Terre  Coupee  Station  is  12 
miles  W.  of  South  Bend. 

Terre  de  Feu.    See  Terra  del  Fitkgo. 

Terre  -  de  -  Haut,   taiR-d^h-hS',   and  Terre-de- 

Bas,  taiR-d^h-bi',  two  islets  of  the  French  West  Indies, 
together  forming  the  group  of  Petite-Terre,  26  miles  E.  of 
Guadeloupe.  Two  other  islets  with  these  names  are  in  the 
group  called  Les  Saintes. 

Terre  Haute^  tSr'r^h  hot,  a  post-village  in  Terre 
Haute  township,  Henderson  co.,  111.,  about  13  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  139;  of  the  township,  1132. 

Terre  Haute «  usually  pronounced  tfir'r^h  hot,  a  flour- 
ishing city,  the  capital  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  is  situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie 
Canal,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis,  69  miles  N.  of 
Vincennes,  166  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and  186  miles 
S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  built  on  ground  which  is  elevated 
about  60  feet  above  the  river,  and  it  has  a  beautiful  situa- 
tion. The  plan  of  the  city  is  rectangular ;  the  streets  are 
wide,  and  bordered  with  numerous  shade-trees  and  gardens. 
About  half  of  the  houses  are  built  of  brick,  and  the  others 
of  wood.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  a  court-house, 
a  fine  opera-house,  7  large  public  school-houses,  the  Indiana 
State  Normal  School,  the  Providence  Hospital,  18  churches, 
some  of  which  are  spacious  and  ornamental  edifices,  7 
banks,  and  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  Three  daily  and  5 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  opposite  banks 
of  the  river  are  connected  by  a  fine  bridge,  over  which  the 
National  Eoad  passes.  Large  quantities  of  grain,  flour, 
and  pork  are  exported  from  this  place,  which  is  the  centre 
of  an  active  trade  and  is  fast  becoming  a  manufacturing 
town  in  consequence  of  its  proximity  to  the  great  block- 
coal-mines  of  Clay  CO.,  12  miles  distant.  It  has  2  blast- 
furnaces, a  large  nail-factory  with  a  rolling-mill,  and  a 
separate  rolling-mill.  Terre  Haute  is  a  terminus  of  the 
following  important  railroads,  viz.,  the  Terre  Haute  &  In- 
dianapolis, the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute,  the  Illinois  Mid- 
land (which  extends  to  Peoria),  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc 
Terre  Haute,  the  Logansport  A  Terre  Haute,  the  Terre 
Haute  <fc  Cincinnati,  and  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  & 
Chicago.  The  Indianapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad  also  passes 
through  this  place.  Pop.  in  1860,  8594 ;  in  1870,  16,103  ; 
in  1880,  26,042;  in  1890,  30,217. 

Terre  Ilaute^  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Crooked  Pork  of  Grand  River,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Leon. 

Terre  Haute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co..  Mo., 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Unionville,  and  about  52  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  65. 

Terre  Haute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  0., 
in  Mad  River  township,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Terre  Hill,  or  Fair'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  1 6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

TerVell',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Ich- 
awaynochaway  and  Kinchafoona  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  the  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  county.  Cotton, 
maize,  and  lumber  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Dawson. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,606,199.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9053;  in  1880,  10,461;  in  1890,  14,503. 

Terrell,  a  post-town  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  con- 
tains several  churches,  the  Terrell  Institute,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  grain-elevators,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac; 
and  here  are  several  flowing  wells  of  good  water.  Many 
eattle  are  shipped  here,  the  value  of  which  sometimes 
amounts  to  nearly  $500,000  per  annum.     P.  (1890)  2988. 

Terrene,  tfir-reen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  oo..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  White 
River.     Steamboats  procure  fuel  here. 

Terre-Neuve.    See  Newfoundland. 

Terrenoire,  or  Terre-Noire,  tfin^nwaR',  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Loire,  2  miles  from  Saint- Etienne. 
It  has  mines  of  coal,  3  blast-furnaces,  iron-forges,  and  a 
manufactory  of  Bessemer  steel.     Pop.  2856. 

Terre  Noire  (tSr  noir;  Fr.  pron.  tflR  nwaR,  i.e., 
*' black  land")  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southeastward  in 
Clark  CO.,  and  enters  the  Little  Missouri  River  about  3 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Terre  Rouge  (t5r  roozh)  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in 
Hempstead  CO.,  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the 
Little  Missouri  River  in  Nevada  co. 

Terressa,  t^R-rSa'sS,,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  8°  20'  N.,  Ion.  93"  15'  E. 


Terricciola,  t4R-Rit-cho'l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 

ince  and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa,     Pop.  3428. 

Ter'rill'8  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Waushara  co., 
Wis.,  in  Leon  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.  It  haa 
a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Ter'ry,  a  county  of  Texas,  on  the  Staked  Plain.  Area, 
900  square  miles. 

Terry,  a  post  village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  8  stores,  and  a  hotel.  Many 
peaches,  pears,  grapes,  and  plums  are  shipped  here.  P.  200. 

Terry,  a  post-oflSce  of  Orange  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A 
New  Orleans  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Orange.  It  is  on  or 
near  the  Sabine  River. 

Terry  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 

Ter'rysville,  or  Ter'ryville,  a  post-village  in  Ply- 
mouth township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  1  mile  from  the  New 
York  A  New  England  Railroad,  and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  manufactures  of  locks,  knives,  Ac. 

Ter'rytown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Terry  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  from 
Wyalusing  Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ter'ryville,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Cuero.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Terschelling,  t§r-sK4l'ling,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  the  North  Sea,  province  of  Friesland,  between 
Vlieland  and  Ameland.     Length,  16  miles.     Pop.  2775. 

Tertenia,  tdR-ti'ne-&,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lanusei.     Pop.  1519. 

Teruel,  t4-roo-il',  a  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, on  a  hill,  near  the  Guadalaviar,  72  miles  N.W.  of 
Valencia.  Pop.  10,432.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  haa 
a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  and  a  handsome  seminary. 

Teruel,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  Area,  5494 
square  miles.     Pop.  252,201. 

Tervueren,  teR-vil'r^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  7  miles  E.  of  Brussels,  with  a  royal  residence. 

Teschen,  t^sh'^n,  a  walled  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  Olsa,  a  tributary  of  the  Oder,  38  miles  E.S.B.  of 
Troppau.  It  has  2  ducal  castles,  a  gymnasium  with  a  li- 
brary, and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cassimeres,  linen, 
leather,  liqueurs,  and  fire-arms.  Pop.  9779.  A  treaty  be- 
tween Austria  and  Prussia  was  concluded  here  in  1779. 

Tesegdelt,  ti^sfig-dfilt',  a  town  of  Morocco,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Mogadore.     It  has  a  handsome  mosque. 

Tesha,  Techa,  tdsh'&,  or  Tiasha,  te-&'sh&,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod,  flows  N.,  then  W.  to  the  frontiers  of  Vladimeer, 
and  joins  the  Oka  above  Moorom.     Length,  110  miles. 

Teshoo-Loomboo,  tisVoo'-loom^boo',  frequently 
written  Chashe-Lo-Um-Boo,  a  town  of  Thibet,  160 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  29°  4'  N.;  Ion.  89°  7' E. 
It  is  properly  a  large  monastery,  consisting  of  300  to  400 
houses,  the  habitations  of  the  Booddhist  monks,  besides 
temples,  mausoleums,  and  the  palace  of  the  Teshoo-Lama. 
Above  4000  friars  and  nuns  perform  daily  their  devotions 
here.  Here  is  a  large  manufactory  of  idols,  at  which  the 
most  skilful  workmen  are  employed. 

Tesino,  Switzerland.     See  Ticino. 

Tesora,  a  town  of  Celebes.    See  Wajo. 

Tesouras,  ti-sd'rils,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  among  tna 
mountains  of  Tesouras,  receives  the  Peixa,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  200  miles,  joins  the  Araguay. 

Tesouras,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  80  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Goyaz.  It  owes  its  existence  to  the  great  quan- 
tities of  gold  which  were  furnished  for  a  time  by  the  small 
stream  of  the  same  name;  but  since  the  washings  ceased  to 
be  productive  many  of  the  inhabitants  have  emigrated. 

Tess  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis., 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Waukesha,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Milwaukee.     It  has  a  church. 

Tesse,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Tbza. 

Tessei,  North  Sea.    See  Texel. 

Tessenderloo,  tds-sdn'd9r-l5\  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Limbourg,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  3640. 

Tessierville,  tes^seer'vil,  or  Saint  Ul'ric,  a  post- 
village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
24  miles  below  Metis.     Pop.  150. 

Tessin,  t4s-seen',  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  GUstrow,  on  the  Recknitz.  Pop.  2736.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Tessin,  Switzerland.    See  Ticino. 

Testaccio,  tds-t&t'cQo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  a  beauti- 
ful valley  in  the  S.  part  of  the  isle  of  Ischia. 


TES 


2604 


TEX 


Teste-de-Bach,  La.    See  La  Testb-de-Buch. 

Testigos,  tSs-tee'gooe,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Mar- 
garita, in  lat.  11°  23'  N.,  Ion.  63°  12'  W. 

Tes'ton,  a  post-village  in  York  cc,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  125. 

Tet,  tSt  or  t4,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Pyr6- 
nSes-Orientales,  after  an  E.N.E.  course,  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean 7  miles  E.  of  Perpignan.     Length,  55  miles. 

Tet,  or  Tett,  t6t,  a  decayed  town  of  Morocco,  near 
Blanco,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Mazagan.     Pop.  1000. 

Tet'bury,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  17  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gloucester.  Pop.  3349.  It  is  near  the  source  of 
the  Avon,  and  has  2  market-houses,  a  handsome  church,  and 
various  chapels.  Some  manufactures  of  woollen  are  carried 
on,  and  it  has  a  trade  in  yarn,  cheese,  and  butter. 

Tete,  tk'tk,  or  Tette,  tfit'ti,  a  town  of  East  Africa, 
capital  of  a  government  of  the  Portuguese  territory,  on  the 
Zambezi,  100  miles  N.  of  Sena.  It  is  large,  well  built, 
and  healthy"  from  occupying  an  elevated  site. 

Tete-^-Gouche,  tait^i^goosh',  a  settlement  in  Glou- 
cester CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  T6te-JL-ftouche  River,  3 
miles  from  Bathurst.  Pop.  300.  The  T«te-a,-Gouche  River 
is  one  of  the  best  salmon-streams  in  the  province. 

T€te  des  Morts,  tait  d&  mont,  a  township  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  979. 

T6te-Noire,  tSt-nwaB  or  tit-nwan'  ("black-head"), 
a  pass  of  the  Alps,  between  Switzerland  and  Savoy,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Martigny.     See  MoRCLES,  Dent  db. 

Teterev,  or  Teterew,  ti-t4-rflv',  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Volhynia  and  Kiev,  joins  the  Dnieper  36 
miles  N.  of  Kiev,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  150  miles. 

TeteroWjti't^h-rov^atownof  Meoklenburg-Schwerin, 
duchy  and  16  miles  E.  of  Giistrow.  Pop.  5247.  It  has 
tobacco-  and  woollen-cloth-factories,  and  bleaching-estab- 
lishments. 

Te'tersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  40  miles 
N.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tetiooshi,  Tetioushi,  or  Tetiushi,  ti-te-oo'shee, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kazan,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  3297. 

Tetir,  ti-teeu',  or  Vega  de  Tetir,  vk'gk  di  ti-teea', 
a  town  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Fuerteventura. 

Teton  (ta-ton')  Basin,  a  fertile  plain  in  Oneida  oo., 
Idaho,  partly  surrounded  by  mountains.  "This  basin," 
says  N.  P.  Langford,  "is  more  than  800  square  miles  in 
extent,  is  covered  with  perennial  grasses,  and  well  watered 
by  large  streams  fringed  with  an  abundant  growth  of  Cot- 
tonwood. There  is  not  a  finer  stock-raising  region  on  the 
continent." 

Teton,  Grand,  Wyoming.    See  Mount  Hatden. 

Teton  Range,  Idaho,  a  branch  of  the  Rooky  Moun- 
tains, near  Snake  River,  is  mostly  formed  of  granite  and 
gneiss.  The  highest  peak  of  it  is  Mount  Hayden,  which 
rises  13,858  feet  above  the  sea.  The  timber-line  on  this 
range  is  about  9000  feet  high.  Below  this  line  the  moun- 
tains are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine,  which  are 
said  to  furnish  "the  finest  timber  in  the  world."  "The 
scenery  of  the  Teton  range,"  says  Prof.  Hayden,  "is  truly 
Alpine  in  its  character,  approaching  that  type  more  nearly 
than  any  other  known  in  the  West."  Mount  Hayden  and 
two  other  peaks  are  called  "  the  Three  Tetons,"  and  are 
prominent  landmarks  to  travellers  on  Snake  River. 

Teton  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
in  Deer  Lodge  co.,  runs  eastward  in  Choteau  co.,  and  enters 
the  Missouri  (or  Maria's)  River  about  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Benton.  Length,  nearly  160  miles.  Its  average 
width  is  said  to  be  25  or  30  yards.  Its  mouth  appears  to 
oe  about  1  mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  Maria's. 

Tetooan,  Tetouan,  Tetuau,  tfit^oo-S.n',  or  Tet^- 
wan'  (ano.  jagatht),  a  walled  seaport  town  of  Morocco, 
in  the  province  of  El  Garb,  18  miles  S.  of  Ceuta,  35  miles 
S.  of  Gibraltar,  and  6  miles  from  the  Mediterranean.  Lat. 
35°  50'  N.;  Ion.  6°  20'  W.  Pop.  18,000,  of  whom  6000  are 
Jews,  a  few  Christians,  and  the  remainder  Mussulmans. 
The  climate  is  healthy  and  delightful.  The  environs  are 
planted  with  vineyards  and  gardens,  and  superior  fruit 
abounds,  especially  oranges,  which  are  reckoned  by  some 
as  superior  to  any  in  the  world.  The  town  contains  many 
mosques,  some  of  them  spacious  and  of  handsome  Moorish 
architecture,  18  small  synagogues,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
church  built  by  Spain  in  1862.  It  contains  several  palaces, 
in  architecture  similar  in  miniature  to  the  Alcazar  of  Seville 
and  the  Alhambra  of  Granada.  The  town  is  built  on  an 
elevation,  and  commands  a  magnificent  view  of  the  luxuriant 
scenery  all  around  and  of  the  sea  in  the  distance.  The 
harbor  is  protected  by  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 


Commerce  is  limited  to  the  supply  of  a  small  province  and 
the  exportation  of  fruit.  The  principal  manufactures  are 
of  wool,  silk,  leather,  and  small-arms.  Tetooan  was  founded 
in  1492  by  the  refugees  from  Granada,  and  many  of  the 
families  still  retain  the  title-deeds  of  their  former  estates  in 
Spain.  It  was  taken  by  Spain  in  1859,  and  in  1861  ran- 
somed by  the  Sultan  of  Morocco  for  the  sum  of  $20,000,000. 

Tetschen,t4t'8h§n,  atown  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Leitmeritz,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe.  Pop.  3580.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  and  an  ancient  castle. 

Tette,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Tete. 

Teuchern,  toiK'^m,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  17 
miles  S.  of  Merseburg.     It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  3907. 

Teufien,  or  Teufen,  toif'fgn,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  4  miles  N.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  of  parish,  4953. 

Teuk-Cham,  t&'ook-sh&m',  a  city  of  Formosa,  capi- 
tal  of  its  northern  provinces,  45  miles  S.W.  of  the  treaty- 
port  of  Tamsui.  Exports,  sugar,  and  large  amounts  of 
excellent  peanut  oil.     Pop.  50,000. 

Teulada,  tfi'oo-li'oi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Alicante, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  9  miles  S.  of  Denia.     Pop.  2384. 

Teulada,  Cape,  Sardinia.    See  Cape  Teulada. 

Teutoburger-Wald,  toi'to-b65R^gh§r-Mlt  (anc.  Teu- 
tohurgen' sin  Sai'tus),  a  mountain-range  of  little  elevation  in 
North  Germany,  extending  from  the  Erz-Gebirge,  in  West- 
phalia, N.W.  to  near  Osnaburg  in  Hanover,  a  distance  of 
about  100  miles. 

Teutopolis,  tew-top'o-lis,  a  post-village  in  Teutopolis 
township,  Effingham  co..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  & 
Terre  Haute  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  EfiBngham,  and 
about  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mattoon.  It  contains  St.  Joseph's 
Ecclesiastical  College  (Catholic),  a  Catholic  chapel,  and  a 
Franciscan  monastery. 

Tevere,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Tiber. 

Teverone,  ti-v&-ro'n&,  or  Anieue,  &-ne-4'n&  (anc. 
A'nio),  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  flows  N.W.  and  W.  past 
Subiaco  and  Tivoli,  and  joins  the  Tiber  4  miles  N.  of  Rome. 
Total  course,  55  miles.  In  ancient  times  it  supplied  water 
to  Rome  by  two  aqueducts,  one  43  miles  long. 

Teviot,  tiv'e-ot,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh, 
joins  the  Tweed  at  Kelso,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  34  miles. 
Hawick  is  the  only  town  on  its  banks. 

Teviotdale,  a  name  applied  to  the  co.  of  Roxburgh, 
Scotland. 

Teviotdale,  tiv'e-ot-dale,  a  post-village  in  Wellington 
CO.,  Ontario,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elora.  It  contains  saw-, 
grist-,  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Tewkesbury,  or  Tewksbury,  tuks'b§r-e,  a  borough 
of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  the 
Avon,  at  its  junction  with  the  Severn,  and  connected  with  the 
Birmingham  &  Gloucestershire  Railway  by  a  branch  2  miles 
in  length.  Pop.  5409.  It  has  a  magnificent  abbey  church, 
town  hall,  market-house,  jail,  penitentiary,  various  chapels, 
a  literary  and  scientific  institution,  mechanics'  institute, 
dispensary  and  lying-in  charity,  a  blue-coat  school,  free 
grammar-school  and  other  schools,  and  almshouses  and  other 
charities.  It  has  manufactures  of  stockings,  bobbinet  lace, 
nails,  and  leather.  It  returns  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  The  battle  of  Tewkesbury  was  fought  in  the 
"  Bloody  Meadow,"  immediately  S.  of  the  town. 

Tewkesbury,  a  village  in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  20  miles 
from  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Tewksbury,  taks'b?r-e,  a  post-village  in  Tewks- 
bury township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Lowell  &  An- 
dover  and  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroads,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Lowell,  and  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains 
a  church,  and  near  it  is  the  state  almshouse.  At  Tewks- 
bury Junction,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lowell,  several  divisions 
of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railway  system  converge.  The 
township  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  and  W.  by 
the  Concord  River.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  2515. 

Texarkana,  tex-ar-kan'ah,  a  city  and  important  rail- 
road centre,  partly  in  Miller  co.,  Ark.  (of  which  it  is  the 
county  seat),  and  partly  in  Bowie  co.,  Tex.  It  is  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railway,  the  St. 
Louis  Southwestern  Railway,  and  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railway,  145  miles  S.W,  of  Little  Rock,  58  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Jefi"er8on,  Tex.,  and  222  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dallas,  Tex. 
It  is  also  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Texarkana  &  Fort 
Smith  Railway.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  seminary, 
a  business  college,  and  other  schools,  a  Federal  building 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $125,000,  a  union  depot  ($75,000),  oil- 
mill,  car-works,  furniture-factory,  railroad  shops,  electric 
lights,  street-cars,  Ac.  Two  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Its  general  post-office  is  Texarkana,  Ark.  Pop.  in  1890,  of 
Texarkana,  Ark.,  3528 ;  of  Texarkana,  Tex.,  2852 ;  com- 
bined pop.  in  1894,  12,438. 


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Texarkana  Junction,  a  station  in  Bowie  oc,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Trans-Continental  with  the  Jefferson  division,  5  miles  W. 
of  Texarkana. 

Texas,  tfix'as  (Sp.  pron.tA'nis,  said  to  signify  "  friends" 
in  the  Caddo  language,  and  derived  immediately  from  the 
Tachies,  a  tribe  of  Indians  whose  descendants,  called 
lonies  or  Inies,  now  live  in  the  Indian  Territory),  the  south- 
westernmost  of  the  Gulf  states  of  the  American  Union,  is 
bounded  N.  by  New  Mexico,  Oklahoma,  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory, and  Arkansas,  E.  by  Oklahoma,  the  Indian  Territory, 
Arkansas,  and  Louisiana,  S.E.  by  the  Galf  of  Mexico,  6.W. 
by  Mexico,  and  W.  by  Mexico  and  New  Mexico.  From  New 
Mexico  it  is  divided  by  the  line  of  32°  N.  lat.  eastward 
from  the  Rio  Grande  to  Ion.  103°  W.,  and  thence  north- 
ward by  that  meridian.  Its  northernmost  limit  is  36°  30' 
N.  lat.  A  tract  of  land  constituting  Greer  co.,  and  at 
present  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Oklahoma, 
has  been  for  a  long  time  claimed  hy  Texas.  The  United 
States  disputes  the  claim,  but  the  title  has  not  yet  been 
determined.  From  Ion.  100°  W.  eastward  the  Red  River 
is  the  northern  limit.  The  eastern  line  of  the  state  follows 
the  meridian  of  94°  W.  Ion.  southward  until  the  river 
Sabine  is  reached,  from  which  point  to  the  Gulf  it  follows 
that  stream.  The  Rio  Grande  divides  it  from  Mexico. 
Area,  265,780  square  miles.  This  area  very  far  exceeds 
that  of  any  other  state,  being  about  six  times  that  of 
Pennsylvania.  It  extends  farther  S.  than  any  state  except 
Florida. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Between  the  Sabine  and  Trinity 
Rivers  there  are  extensive  level  and  sandy  pine  forests, 
northward  of  which  the  country  is  rolling,  well  timbered, 
and  fertile.  Central  Texas,  as  far  W.  as  the  Colorado,  is 
very  generally  prairie,  with  timber  belt  along  the  streams  ; 
but  in  the  N.  there  is  an  extensive  forest  called  the  "  Cross- 
Timbers,"  consisting  mainly  of  post-oak  and  black-jack  ; 
and  northwestward  is  a  great  region  called  the  "  mezquite 
timber,"  from  the  abundance  of  its  mezquite  trees.  Between 
the  Upper  Colorado  and  the  Brazos  extend  the  Comanche 
and  Leon  River  mountain-ranges,  and  still  farther  to  the 
N.W.  are  the  Church  and  the  Double  Mountains,  and  the 
country  is  generally  broken  until  we  reach  the  Llano  Esta- 
oado,  or  Staked  Plain  (named  from  the  abundant  stake-like 
stems  of  the  yucca),  an  elevated  plateau  where  water  and 
grass  are  almost  wanting,  and  where  the  best  fuel  is  afforded 
by  the  great  woody  roots  of  the  dwarfed  and  scanty  shrub- 
bery. Western  Texas  is  generally  a  dry,  healthful,  pas- 
toral region,  with  pure  and  invigorating  climate,  varied 
scenery,  and  a  generally  ample  supply  of  clear  water  in 
its  streams,  wells,  and  springs;  but  northward  there  are 
tracts  where  the  water  is  salt  or  in  other  cases  is  so  charged 
with  lime-salts  as  not  to  be  potable.  Along  the  Rio 
Grande  the  country  is  frequently  barren,  and  its  growth  of 
mezquite  and  post-oak  is  so  small  as  to  constitute  no  longer 
a  forest,  but  a  thicket  or  chaparral.  South  of  New  Mexico 
the  country  is  mountainous.  Here  are  the  Organ  Moun- 
tains, the  Sierras  del  Alamo,  del  Diablo,  Blanca,  Aquila, 
Monina,  Guadalupe,  Apache,  Pancut,  Charrote,  Ac,  extend- 
ing for  the  most  part  indefinitely  and  irregularly  eastward, 
interspersed  with  salt  plains  and  table-lands,  where  slender 
arroyoa  and  infrequent  water-holes  alone  prevent  the 
country  from  being  impassable.  The  coast-lands  of  Texas 
are  everywhere  low,  and  frequently  sandy  or  marshy. 

Geology. — Azoic  or  primitive  rocks  appear  in  the  moun- 
tain-ridges on  the  Upper  Rio  Grande,  and  also  in  the  valley 
of  the  river  Llano ;  and  these  rocks  appear  to  be  flanked 
eastwardly  by  Silurian  deposits.  The  upper  valleys  of  the 
Red  River  and  the  Brazos  appear  to  be  of  triassic  age; 
but  the  great  formations  of  Texas  are  the  cretaceous  and 
the  tertiary.  A  line  running  from  the  N.E.  angle  of  the 
state,  on  the  Arkansas  line,  southwestward  to  Austin,  and 
thence  to  San  Antonio,  and  extending  in  the  same  general 
course  to  the  Rio  Grande,  would  roughly  divide  the  tertiary 
on  the  left  hand  from  the  cretaceous  on  the  right;  but  on 
the  sea-coast  the  tertiary  gives  place  to  quaternary  and 
recent  formations.  The  cretaceous  covers  a  large  part  of 
the  remainder  of  Texas,  probably  including  the  Staked 
Plain ;  but  from  Cooke  co.  westward  nearly  to  that  plain 
there  is  a  large  expanse  of  the  carboniferous,  reappearing 
(perhaps  in  a  detached  field)  in  the  upper  valley  of  the 
Colorado.  The  main  coal-field  underlies  25  counties,  and 
embraces  an  area  of  12,000  square  miles.  The  only  im- 
portant mining  operations  are  conducted  in  Erath  co. 
Brown  and  black  lignites  of  the  tertiary  are  also  abundant. 
Iron  ore  has  been  wrought  to  a  limited  extent  in  the  ter- 
tiary. Lead,  copper,  silver,  bismuth,  and  other  metals  are 
known  to  exist  in  the  interior,  and  the  ores  of  all  are  re- 


ported to  be  abundant  and  rich.  The  Spaniards  of  Mexico 
once  wrought  silver-mines  in  this  state.  Salt  springs  and 
lakes  are  numerous  in  the  northwest,  and  along  the  gulf 
shore,  especially  southwestward,  there  are  extensive  and 
productive  salt  lagoons.  Useful  mineral  springs  abound. 
Gypsum,  limestone,  and  sandstone  afford  serviceable  build- 
ing-materials. 

Rivera. — The  rivers  Sabine  and  Neches  reach  the  sea 
through  the  Sabine  Lake  and  its  Pass,  and  both  afford  som? 
navigation,  chiefly  for  timber-schooners.  The  Angelina, 
an  affluent  of  the  Neches,  is  also  navigated  in  high  water. 
Into  Galveston  Bay  flow  the  Trinity  River  and  Buffalo 
Bayou,  both  navigable  for  steamboats.  The  Brazos  has 
been  navigated  by  steam  for  300  miles,  but  at  low  water  ita 
channels  are  encumbered  by  shifting  shoals.  Matagorda 
Bay  receives  the  Colorado,  which  has  been  rendered  navi- 
gable to  Austin.  The  Guadalupe,  San  Antonio,  and  Nueces 
afford  but  few  commercial  facilities.  The  Rio  Grande  in 
its  lower  course  is  deep,  crooked,  and  swift,  with  a  bad  bar 
at  its  mouth,  but  steam  navigation  is  practicable  for  some 
distance  upon  it.  Its  principal  tributary  is  the  Pecos,  a 
long  but  slender  stream.  East  of  the  100th  meridian  Texas 
is  for  the'  most  part  well  watered,  with  numerous  streams. 
The  Red  River  receives  from  Texas  the  Canadian,  Pease, 
Big  Wichita,  and  Little  Wichita  Rivers,  and  the  Sulphur 
Fork,  besides  several  upper  forks  and  head-streams.  The' 
great  affluents  of  the  Brazos  are  the  Leon,  Clear  Fork,  and 
Navasota.  Into  the  Colorado  flow  the  Llano,  Concho,  San 
Saba,  and  Salt  Fork ;  the  San  Marcos  into  the  Guadalupe, 
the  Medina  into  the  San  Antonio,  and  the  Rio  Frio  into 
the  Nueces.  The  Red  River  and  Big  Cypress  Bayou  afford 
valuable  steamboat  navigation  for  the  N.E. 

The  Coast-Line  is  400  miles  in  extent.  The  low  penin- 
sulas of  Bolivar  and  Matagorda,  and  the  sand  islands  of 
Galveston,  San  Luis,  Matagorda,  St.  Joseph,  Mustang, 
Padre,  and  Brazos,  fence  four-fifths  of  the  main  coast-line 
from  the  waves  of  the  gulf,  being  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  a  series  of  bays  and  lagoons,  of  which  the  prin- 
cipal are  East,  Galveston,  West,  San  Luis,  Matagorda, 
Tres  Palacios,  Lavaca,  Espiritu  Santo,  St.  Charles,  and  Cor- 
pus Christi  Bays,  and  the  Laguna  del  Madre.  Galveston, 
Indianola,  Corpus  Christi,  Brazos  Santiago  (with  Browns- 
ville), and  El  Paso  on  the  Upper  Rio  Grande  are  ports  of 
entry ;  and,  Sabine  City,  Velasco,  Matagorda,  and  Port 
Lavaca  have  also  some  commerce  by  sea.  Galveston  is  the 
seat  of  most  of  the  maritime  trade.  Texas  ships  immense 
quantities  of  cotton,  with  hides,  horns,  and  other  cattle- 
products,  deer-skins,  wool,  beeves,  wax,  pecan-nuts,  osage- 
orange  seed,  &e.,  and  by  rail  and  on  the  hoof  she  sends 
northward  great  numbers  of  beef-cattle  every  season.  She 
imports  sawn  lumber  from  the  more  eastern  Gulf  states,  and 
manufactured  goods  of  every  kind  from  the  North,  and 
there  is  a  brisk  trade  with  Mexico. 

Climate. — The  gulf  coast  has  a  long  and  hot  summer, 
tempered  by  sea-breezes,  and  qualified  by  occasional 
"  northers"  (as  the  cold  storm-winds  are  called),  which 
sometimes  last  four  or  five  days.  The  high  inland  prairies 
have  a  delightful  climate  throughout  the  year.  W.  of  100® 
W.  Ion.  the  summers  are  too  dry  for  agriculture,  except 
where  irrigation  is  practicable.  As  a  whole,  Texas  is  re- 
markably healthful,  except  that  in  the  low  grounds  and 
moist  prairies  malarial  fevers  prevail.  The  coast-towns  are 
exposed  to  occasional  visitations  of  yellow  fever;  and 
along  the  Rio  Grande  the  singular  break-bone  fever,  or 
dengue,  is  endemic. 

Native  Produclione. — Among  the  native  wild  animals  are 
bears  and  deer  (abundant  in  the  eastern  pine  forests),  the 
peccary,  civet,  armadillo,  raccoon,  coyote,  opossum,  ko.  The 
tarantula,  scorpion,  gallinipper,  sand-fly,  centipede,  wood- 
tick,  locust,  chigoe,  and  mosquito  are  troublesome  insect 
pests  in  some^parts.  Here  are  found  the  interesting  agri- 
cultural ants,  which  sow,  harvest,  and  store  away  their 
hoards  of  grain ;  and  elsewhere  the  sugar-ants,  whose 
neuters  secrete  sacs  of  honey-like  food  for  the  young  brood. 
Many  birds  visit  this  state  which  are  never  seen  elsewhere 
in  the  United  States.  The  buffalo  and  mezquite  grasses  sus- 
tain immense  flocks  and  herds  in  the  W.  and  N.W. ;  and 
there  are  in  the  remote  districts  many  wild  horses  of  the 
kind  known  as  the  mustang  or  broncho.  Among  the  trees 
are  long-  and  short-leaved  pine,  cypress,  live-  and  post-oak, 
blackjack,  pecan,  hickory,  mulberry,  plane,  buckeye  (one 
or  more  peculiar  species),  walnut,  bois  d'arc,  and  locust. 
The  mezquite  affords  excellent  fuel,  besides  gum,  tanners' 
bark,  ana  edible  pods  and  seeds.  The  mustang  grape  and 
post-oak  grape  are  among  the  excellent  native  fruits,  and 
the  former  is  thought  to  be  of  a  species  peculiar  to  Texas. 
Palm  trees  grow  in  the  S.W.   In  tne  W.  grow  native  speoica 


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of  ebony  and  lignum-vitae,  and  there  are  many  large  and 
gmall  speciea  of  cactus,  some  of  which,  when  deprived  of 
their  8pine8,^are  fed  to  cattle  by  the  Mexicans  of  the  W. 
A  characteristic  plant  of  the  W.  is  the  yucca,  which  stands 
erect  like  a  post,  its  top  crowned  with  sharp  bayonet-like 
leaves,  and  in  the  proper  season  it  bears  huge  corymbs  of 
delicate  white  flowers. 

Agriculture. — On  the  coast  sea-island  cotton  is  grown. 
The  deep,  stifF  alluvion  of  the  river-bottoms  near  the  gulf 
is  adapted  to  sugar-culture,  and  is  unsurpassed  for  cotton. 
The  prairies  (both  black  and  chocolate)  are  fine  corn-  and 
ootton-lands.  In  the  S.E.  rice  does  well ;  and  as  a  rule  all 
the  eastern  and  central  sections  are  adapted  to  cotton  and 
corn  and  to  the  raising  of  stock  and  fruits.  Swine  thrive 
upon  the  abundant  mast  of  the  timbered  lands.  Wheat  of 
special  excellence  is  grown  in  the  N.,  centre,  and  W. ;  but 
the  general  occupation  westward  is  cattle-raising  and  wool- 
growing.  The  broken  and  hilly  country  presents  facilities 
for  irrigation,  which  is  destined  greatly  to  extend  the  area 
of  cultivable  land.  Besides  the  staple  crops  mentioned 
above,  the  leading  products  are  oats,  barley,  pulse,  sweet 
and  true  potatoes,  hay,  and  tobacco.  Those  of  Mexican 
stock  cultivate  a  small  bean  or  frijol,  besides  the  chick- 
pea, onion,  and  the  chile  Colorado  or  red  pepper,  their 
favorite  articles  of  food.  Wine  is  produced  to  a  consider- 
able extent.  The  European  wine-grape  does  well  in  the 
N.W.,  and  El  Paso  formerly  was  noted  for  her  pleasant 
"  Pass"  wines  and  brandies.  Figs  and  oranges  thrive  in 
the  southward  parts  of  Texas. 

Mami/acturea  are  not  yet  extensively  established;  but 
carriages,  wagons,  bricks,  flour,  condensed  milk,  meat  ex- 
tracts, furniture,  castings,  lumber,  beer,  cotton-seed  oil, 
saddlery,  harnesses,  lime,  salt,  woollens,  home-made  cloths, 
and  some  other  indispensable  branches  of  manufacture 
flourish.  The  abundance  of  raw  materials,  the  water-power 
of  the  W.  central  region,  and  the  high  price  of  manufac- 
tured goods,  promise  good  returns  to  the  capitalist  who  in- 
vests in  this  branch  of  industry.  Some  beginning  has  al- 
ready been  made  in  the  cotton-manufacture. 

Railroads. — In  1854  there  were  54  miles  of  railroad;  in 
1860,  307  miles;  in  1865,  465  miles;  in  1870,  711  miles;  in 
1875, 1685  miles;  in  1880,  3244  miles;  in  1886,  6370  miles, 
and  in  1890,  8710  miles.  Texas  has  given  large  grants  of 
land  in  aid  of  all  the  more  important  roads,  for  the  public 
lands  of  Texas  belong  to  the  state  and  not  to  the  general 
government. 

Finances.— In  1890  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $4,237,730, 
of  which  the  permanent  school  fund  held  $2,048,800,  the 
permanent  university  fund  held  $649,300,  the  Agricultural 
and  Mechanical  College  held  $209,000,  the  Blind  Asylum 
fund  held  $80,400,  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum  fund  held 
$44,500,  and  the  Lunatic  Asylum  fund  held  $86,100.  In 
the  fiscal  year  ending  August  31, 1890,  the  revenue  receipts 
were  $2,685,171.61. 

Counties. — These  in  1890  numbered  244,  as  follows  :  An- 
derson, Andrews,  Angelina,  Aransas,  Archer,  Armstrong, 
Atascosa,  Austin,  Bailey,  Bandera,  Bastrop,  Baylor,  Bee, 
Bell,  Bexar,  Blanco,  Borden,  Bosque,  Bowie,  Brazoria, 
Brazos,  Brewster,  Briscoe,  Brown,  Buchel,  Burleson,  Bur- 
net, Caldwell,  Calhoun,  Callahan,  Cameron,  Camp,  Carson, 
Cass,  Castro,  Chambers,  Cherokee,  Childress,  Clay,  Cochran, 
Coke,  Coleman,  Collin,  Collingsworth,  Colorado,  Comal, 
Comanche,  Concho,  Cooke,  Coryell,  Cottle,  Crane,  Crockett, 
Crosby,  Dallam,  Dallas,  Dawson,  Deaf  Smith,  Delta,  Den- 
ton, De  Witt,  Dickens,  Dimmit,  Donley,  Duval,  Eastland, 
Ector,  Edwards,  Ellis,  El  Paso,  Encinal,  Erath,  Falls,  Fan- 
nin, Fayette,  Fisher,  Floyd,  Foley,  Fort  Bend,  Franklin, 
Freestone,  Frio,  Qaines,  Galveston,  Garza,  Gillespie,  Glass- 
cock, Goliad,  Gonzales,  Gray,  Grayson,  Gregg,  Grimes, 
Guadalupe,  Hale,  Hall,  Hamilton,  Hansford,  Hardeman, 
Hardin,  Harris,  Harrison,  Hartley,  Haskell,  Hays,  Hemp- 
hill, Henderson,  Hidalgo,  Hill,  Hockley,  Hood,  Hopkins, 
Houston,  Howard,  Hunt,  Hutchinson,  Irion,  Jack,  Jack- 
son, Jasper,  JefiF  Davis,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Jones,  Karnes, 
Kaufman,  Kendall,  Kent,  Kerr,  Kimble,  King,  Kinney, 
Knox,  Lamar,  Lamb,  Lampasas,  La  Salle,  Lavaca,  Lee, 
Leon,  Liberty,  Limestone,  Lipscomb,  Live  Oak,  Llano, 
Loving,  Lubbock,  Lynn,  McCulloch,  McLennan,  McMul- 
len,  Madison,  Marion,  Martin,  Mason,  Matagorda,  Mave- 
rick, Medina,  Menard,  Midland,  Milam,  Mills,  Mitchell, 
Montague,  Montgomery,  Moore,  Morris,  Motley,  Nacog- 
doches, Navarro,  Newton,  Nolan,  Nueces,  Ochiltree,  Old- 
ham, Orange,  Palo  Pinto,  Panola,  Parker,  Parmer,  Pecos, 
Polk,  Potter,  Presidio,  Rains,  Randall,  Red  River,  Reeves, 
Refugio,  Roberts,  Robertson,  Rockwall,  Runnels,  Rusk, 
Sabine,  San  Augustine,  San  Jacinto,  San  Patricio,  San 
Saba.  Schleicher,  Scurry,  Shackelford,   Shelby,  Sherman, 


Smith,  Somervell,  Starr,  Stephens,  Stonewall,  Sutton, 
Swisher,  Tarrant,  Taylor,  Terry,  Throckmorton,  Titus,  Tom 
Green,  Travis,  Trinity,  Tyler,  Upshur,  Upton,  Uvalde,  Val- 
verde.  Van  Zandt,  Victoria,  Walker,  Waller,  Ward,  Wash- 
ington, Webb,  Wharton,  Wheeler,  Wichita,  Wilbarger,  Wil- 
liamson, Wilson,  Winkler,  Wise,  Wood,  Yoakum,  Young, 
Zapata,  and  Zavala. 

The  chief  cities  and  towns,  according  to  the  census  of 
1890,  were  Dallas,  an  important  railroad  centre  (pop. 
38,067) ;  San  Antonio,  the  western  metropolis  (37,673) ; 
Galveston,  a  seaport,  with  the  best  harbor  in  the  state 
(29,084) ;  Houston,  a  railroad  and  manufacturing  city  and 
cotton  centre,  on  the  navigable  Buff'alo  Bayou  (27,557) ; 
Fort  Worth,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Dallas,  with  great  rail- 
road and  shipping  facilities  (23,076) ;  Austin,  the  capital 
(14,575);  Laredo  (11,319),  Denison  (10,968),  El  Paso 
(10,388),  Paris  (8254),  Sherman  (7336),  Marshall  (7207), 
Tyler  (6908),  Gainesville  (6694),  Corsicana  (6286),  and 
Brownsville  (6134).  The  increase  of  population  of  late 
years  has  been  immense ;  and  we  may  further  enumerate 
among  the  important  towns  Palestine,  Brenham,  Corpus 
Christi,  Greenville,  Temple,  Weatherford,  Bonham,  Beau- 
mont, Cleburne,  Abilene,  Orange,  Waxahachie,  Jefierson, 
Victoria,  Sulphur  Springs,  and  Belton. 

Oovernment,  &c. — The  constitution  of  1876  fixes  the  term 
of  the  governor  and  of  most  of  the  executive  officers  at 
two  years.  The  legislature  sits  biennially,  and  consists  of  a 
senate  of  31  and  a  house  of  representatives  of  93  members. 
Judicial  officers  are  elective,  and  serve  for  limited  terms. 
Voters  must  have  resided  one  year  in  the  state  and  six 
months  in  the  district  where  the  vote  is  cast;  and  if  finan- 
cial measures  are  voted  upon,  tax-payers  alone  are  allowed 
to  vote.  Texas  sends  13  representatives  to  the  lower  house 
of  Congress.  Among  the  public  institutions  are  the  state 
penitentiary  at  Huntsville,  and  the  state  asylums  for  deaf- 
mutes,  for  lunatics,  and  for  the  blind,  at  Austin.  Private 
and  incorporated  hospitals  and  orphanages  exist  in  the 
large  towns.  At  the  penitentiary  the  convicts  are  mostly 
employed  upon  contract  labor  and  public  works,  such  as 
road-building,  timber-felling,  &c. 

Education. — Public  schools  are  provided  for  by  statute. 
There  is  a  state  board  of  education  in  each  fully-organized 
county,  a  board  of  school  directors,  and  in  each  school  dis- 
trict a  board  of  trustees.  Separate  schools  are  required  by 
law  for  colored  youth.  There  is  a  permanent  school  fund 
amounting  to  more  than  $6,000,000,  besides  which  the  state 
controls  40,000,000  acres  of  school  land,  valued  at  $3  per 
acre,  and  each  county  has  17,712  acres  at  the  same  valua- 
tion. This  will  ultimately  produce  an  enormous  school 
fund  of  more  than  $150,000,000.  There  is  a  normal  school 
for  white  pupils  at  Huntsville,  and  one  for  colored  pupils 
at  Prairie  View.  The  richly  endowed  state  university  is 
located  at  Austin.  Near  Bryan  stands  the  state  agricul- 
tural and  mechanical  college.  There  are  universities,  some 
of  them  as  yet  in  embryo,  at  Galveston,  Georgetown,  Chapel 
Hill,  Fort  Worth,  Independence,  Waco,  Tehuacana,  and 
Marshall ;  colleges  at  Brownsville,  Henderson,  Huntsville, 
Italy,  Salado,  Sherman,  Waxahatchie,  Goliad,  and  Gon- 
zales ;  female  colleges  at  Huntsville,  Independence,  Paris, 
Chapel  Hill,  Waco,  and  Dallas ;  and  a  large  number  of  pri- 
vate and  incorporated  seminaries,  academies,  and  parochial 
and  conventual  schools.  There  are  schools  of  theology,  law, 
and  medicine.  Texas  Military  Institute,  at  Austin,  follows 
•the  university  plan  of  instruction,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
important  educational  institutions  in  the  state. 

History. — Early  in  the  eighteenth  century  the  Spaniards 
planted  settlements  here,  and  established  the  province  of 
the  New  Philippines.  Their  occupation  of  the  country  was 
the  occasion  of  many  political  intrigues  between  the  Spanish 
authorities  and  the  French  of  Louisiana,  between  which 
province  and  Texas  the  boundary  was  never  settled.  Texas 
soon  became  a  portion  of  the  Spanish  province  of  Mexico. 
After  the  United  States  came  into  possession  of  Louisiana 
these  intrigues  became  a  series  of  revolutionary  attempts, 
and  Texas  was  for  years  the  resort  of  outlaws  and  adven- 
turers from  every  part  of  the  United  States.  In  1819  the 
Sabine  was  agreed  upon  as  the  eastern  limit,  and  in  1822 
the  country  became  a  part  of  the  now  independent  Mexico. 
In  1836  the  ill  feeling  between  the  English-speaking  in- 
habitants and  the  Mexicans  (bred  by  the  turbulence  and 
lawlessness  of  the  one  and  by  the  cruelty  and  treachery  of 
the  other  party)  broke  out  in  open  and  bloody  war,  during 
which  occurred  the  massacres  of  the  Alamo  and  of  Goliad ; 
but  Houston's  victory  on  the  San  Jacinto  and  the  capture 
of  President  Santa  Anna  ended  the  contest,  and  made  Texas 
an  independent  republic;  and  it  so  remained  until  1846, 
when  it  was  annexed  to  the  United  States.     The  Mexican 


TEX 


2607 


THA 


war  speedily  followed,  and  settled  (among  other  disputed 
points)  the  Rio  Grande  as  the  southwestern  boundary. 
In  1850  Texas  sold  to  the  United  States  for  $10,000,000 
her  claims  to  lands  outside  her  present  limits.  In  1861  the 
state  convention  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession,  and  after 
the  war  the  state  was  not  readmitted  to  representation  in 
Congress  until  1870. 

Population. — In  1850  there  were  212,592  inhabitants; 
in  1860,  604,216  J  in  1870,  818,579;  in  1880,  1,591,749;  in 
1890,  2,235,523.  The  majority  of  the  white  inhabitants 
are  English-speaking  people,  immigrants  from  the  di£ferent 
Southern  states,  or  the  descendants  of  such  immigrants; 
but  there  are  many  Spanish-Americans  also,  especially 
Bouthwestward.  Large  numbers  of  Germans  and  many 
English  and  French  have  settled  in  the  S.W.  central  region. 

Texas,  a  county  m  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area 
of  about  1145  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Current 
Kiver,  the  Piney  Fork  of  the  Gasconade,  ajad  Roubidoux 
Creek.  All  of  these  streams  rise  in  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  yellow 
pine,  oak,  ash,  hickory,  maple,  hemlock,  &o.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  lumber,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  lead  and 
limestone.  Capital  Houston.  Pop.  in  1870,  9618 ;  in  1880, 
12,206;  in  1890,  19,406. 

TexaS)  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  about  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Fayette  Court- 
House.     It  has  a  general  store.     Pop.  about  50. 

TexaS)  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  La  Grange. 

Texas,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co..  111.     Pop.  1064. 

TexaS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ey.,  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Texas,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.     See  Bllengowan. 

Texas,  a  post- township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  is  intersected  by  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  1079. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  870. 

Texas;^  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from 
Spotswood. 

Texas,  a  post-village  in  Mexico  township,  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Texas,  Champaign  co.,  0.     See  Mutual. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  566. 

Texas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  C,  on  tne  Maumee 
River  and  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  4449. 

Texas,  Pennsylvania.     See  New  Texas. 

Texas,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton. 

Texas,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.     Pop.  278. 

Texas  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  <fc  Vinoennes  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Texas  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fremont  co..  Col.,  32 
luiles  W.  of  Cation  City.  It  has  2  schools  and  a  saw-mill. 
It  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains. 

Texas  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  township, 
Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Marathon. 

Texeda,  a  sierra  of  Spain.     See  Tejeda. 

Texel,  tix'Sl,  or  Tes'sel,  an  island  in  the  North  Sea, 
oelonging  to  the  Netherlands,  and  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  Mars-Diep,  2i  miles  across.  Length,  13  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  6  miles.  Pop.  6145,  engaged  in  agricul- 
ture, fishing,  boat-building,  and  as  pilots.  Surface  low, 
and  chiefly  in  pasturage,  on  which  fine  breeds  of  cattle  and 
sheep  are  reared.  Its  N.  part  is  termed  Eyerland  ("  Egg- 
land"),  from  the  great  abundance  of  eggs  deposited  there 
by  wild  fowl.     It  contains  a  town  and  several  villages. 

Texutia,  a  town  of  Central  America.     See  Tejutla. 

Teyde,  Peak  of.     See  Teneriffb. 

Teynga,  tain'gi,  the  northernmost  of  the  Sooloo  Islands, 
lat.  6°  52'  N.,  Ion.  121°  43'  E. 

Teza,  ti'zi,  or  Tesse,  tis'si,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Kostroma,  flows  oircuitously 
S.  into  the  government  of  Vladimeer,  and  joins  the  Kliasma, 
after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Teza,  ti'zi,  written  also  Teja,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
kingdom  and  66  miles  E.  of  Fez,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Seboo.  Pop.  11,000.  It  has  a  fine  mosque  and  well-sup- 
plied markets. 

Tezco'co,or  Tezcuco,tfis-koo'ko,  a  lake  of  Mexico, 
4tate  and  about  2i  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  with 


which  it  Is  connected  by  a  canal.  It  is  the  largest  and 
lowest  of  the  five  lakes  in  the  same  vicinity;  greatest 
length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  15  miles;  greatest  breadth,  9 
miles.  Its  waters  are  so  strongly  impregnated  with  salt  as 
to  leave  a  white  deposit  on  its  banks  and  supply  a  num- 
ber of  salt-works  which  have  been  erected.  The  lake  was 
once  much  more  extensive  than  at  present,  and  contained 
islands,  on  which  the  Mexico  of  the  Incas  was  built. 

Tezcoco,  or  Tezcnco,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  on  the  E. 
shore  of  the  lake  of  its  own  name.  In  ancient  times  it  was 
the  second  city  in  the  kingdom,  and,  though  still  a  place  of 
some  importance,  now  derives  its  chief  interest  from  his- 
torical associations  and  remains  of  antiquity.  In  the  N.W. 
quarter  is  a  shapeless  mass  of  pottery,  bricks,  and  some 
large  neatly-squared  slabs  of  basalt,  thickly  overgrown  with 
aloes,  said  to  be  one  of  the  palaces  of  Montezuma ;  and  in 
the  S.  quarter  are  the  massive  remains  of  three  vast  pyra- 
mids, each  measuring  400  feet  along  the  base  of  their  fronts. 
They  appear  to  have  been  temples  devoted  to  human  sacri- 
fices and  other  impious  rites.  The  modern  town  contains 
many  handsome  edifices,  both  public  and  private,  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  and  carries  on 
an  active  trade  with  Mexico.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Tez^poor',  or  Tez^pore',  a  town  of  India,  province 
of  Assam,  capital  of  the  district  of  Durrung,  on  the  Brahma- 
pootra River,  75  miles  above  Gowhatty.     Pop.  3032. 

Thackeray,  thak'^r-?,  or  Thack'ery,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.  of  Carmi.     It  has  a  church. 

Thai,  ti,  the  prefixed  name  of  several  cities  of  China 
See  Tai. 

T'hai,  the  native  name  of  Siah. 

Thai-Pe-Shan  (or  -Chan),  ti^pi'shin',  a  moun- 
tain of  China,  in  Kan-Soo.    Lat.  32°  46'  N.;  Ion.  105°  3'  E. 

Thai-Pe-Shan  (or  -Chan),  a  mountain  of  China, 
in  Shan-See.     Lat.  39°  20'  N.;  Ion.  111°  59'  E. 

Thai-Pe-Shan  (or  -Chan),  a  mountain  of  China,  in 
Shen-See.     Lat.  38°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  42'  E. 

Thai,  t41,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  E.N.E.  of  St.  Gall.  Near  it  is  a  mineral  spring,  over 
which  a  bath  has  been  erected.     Pop.  2665. 

Thala,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ferianeh. 

Thale,  t3,'l§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony, 
S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  near  the  Harz  Mountains.    Pop.  3311. 

Thaleain,  British  Burmab.     See  Salwin. 

Thalweil,  til'^ile,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  6  miles  S.  of  Zurich,  on  a  height,  above  the  W.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Zurich.  It  consists  chiefly  of  a  number  of 
houses  clustering  around  the  church.     Pop.  2535. 

Thame,  or  Tame,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Bucks 
and  Oxford,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  40  miles,  at  Dorchester 
joins  the  Isis,  to  which  it  afterwards  gives  the  name  of 
Thames.    See  Tame. 

Thame,  or  Tame,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Oxford,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Thames, 
which  here  becomes  navigable.  Pop.  2823.  It  has  a  large 
and  handsome  church,  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  preoendal 
house,  a  workhouse,  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Thames,  tJmz  (anc.  Tam'esia ;  Fr.  Tamiae,  ti^meez'), 
the  principal,  though  not  the  longest,  river  of  England, 
through  the  S.  part  of  which  it  flows,  mostly  in  an  E.  direc- 
tion. It  rises,  under  the  name  of  the  Isis,  about  2  miles 
S.  of  Cirencester,  flows  at  first  S.  to  near  Cricklade,  then 
E.N.E.  to  near  Oxford,  and  S.E.  past  Oxford,  Abingdon, 
and  Wallingford  to  Reading,  after  whiob,its  course  is  mostly 
E.  to  Gravesend.  A  few  miles  beyond  this  it  expands  into 
an  estuary,  which,  at  its  junction  with  the  North  Sea,  at 
the  Nore,  between  the  Isle  of  Sheppey  and  Foulness  Point, 
is  15  miles  across,  and  has  on  its  opposite  banks  the  towns 
of  Shoeburyness  and  Sheerness.  Total  course,  estimated  at 
215  miles.  At  Dorchester  it  receives  the  Thame  from  the 
N.,  and  thenceforth  assumes  its  proper  name.  The  Med- 
way  joins  its  estuary  at  Sheerness.  Thames-head  Bridge 
is  376  feet  above  sea-level.  At  London  Bridge  the  width 
of  the  river  is  290  yards;  at  Woolwich,  490  yards;  at 
Gravesend,  800  yards;  and  3  miles  below,  1290  yards. 
The  basin  of  the  Thames  has  an  area  of  6160  square  miles, 
occupies  nearly  one-eighth  of  the  area  of  England,  and 
comprehends  some  of  the  richest  agricultural  districts  of 
the  kingdom.  The  depth  of  the  river,  in  the  fair-way 
above  Greenwich  to  London  Bridge,  is  12  to  13  feet, 
while  its  tides  have  a  mean  range  of  17  feet  and  an  ex- 
treme rise  of  22  feet.  Up  to  the  Tower  it  is  navigable  by 
vessels  of  800  tons,  and  to  Blackwall  by  vessels  of  1400 
tons.  At  London,  and  below,  the  accommodation  provided 
for  shipping  is  of  the  most  extensive  and  magnificent  de- 


THA 


2608 


THE 


•oription,  and  by  means  of  numerous  oanals  immediate 
access  is  given  from  its  basin  to  those  of  all  the  great  rivers 
of  the  kingdom. 

Under  the  Romans  the  Thames  formed  the  N.  boundary 
of  the  province  of  Britannia  Prima.  During  the  Saxon 
heptarchy  it  divided  the  kingdoms  of  Wessex,  Sussex,  and 
Kent  from  those  of  Mercia  and  Essex ;  it  now  separates  the 
cos.  of  Oxford,  Bucks,  Middlesex,  and  Essex  on  the  N.  from 
those  of  Berks,  Surrey,  and  Kent  on  the  S. 

Thames  (commonly  pronounced  thamz),  a  river  of  Con- 
necticut, is  formed  by  the  Quinebaug,  Shetucket,  and  Yan- 
tic  Rivers,  the  second  and  third  of  which  unite  at  Norwich. 
It  runs  southward  about  15  miles,  and  enters  Long  Island 
Sound  3  miles  below  New  London,  which  is  on  this  river. 
Steamboats  ascend  it  to  Norwich.  The  mouth  of  this  river 
forms  an  excellent  harbor  for  the  port  of  New  London. 

ThameS;  tfimz,  a  river  of  Ontario,  flows  through  a  fer- 
tile country  in  the  peninsula  between  Lakes  Huron  and 
Erie,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  160  miles,  enters  Lake 
St.  Clair.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  from  its  mouth  to 
Chatham,  besides  which  town,  London  and  Oxford  are  on 
its  banks. 

Thames^  tSmz,  or  Wai-Ho^  wlho,  a  river  of  New 
Zealand,  North  Island,  after  a  northward  course,  joins  the 
sea  by  an  estuary  30  miles  in  breadth,  termed  the  Firth  of 
the  Thames.  The  town  of  Thames,  on  the  firth,  about  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Auckland,  has  a  pop.  of  6000. 

Thamesford,  t£mz'f9rd,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  5  miles  W.  of  IngersoU.  It 
contains  3  churches,  4  or  5  stores,  a  potash-factory,  and 
saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Thamesville^  thamz'vil,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  the 
New  London  Northern  Railroad,  on  the  Thames  River,  1 
mile  S.  of  Norwich,  Conn. 

Thamesville,  tfimz'vil,  (formerly  Tecum'seth),  a 
post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Bothwell,  on  the  river  Thames, 
and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  49  miles  S.W.  of  London. 
It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  a  cabinet-fac- 
tory, 5  hotels,  and  about  12  stores.  Three  miles  from  this 
place  is  the  Indian  village  of  Moravian  Town,  the  site  of 
the  battle  of  the  Thames,  in  which  fell  the  Indian  warrior 
Tecumseh.     Pop.  500. 

Thana^  Wnk  or  t'h&'n&,  a  small  town  of  the  North 
Punjab,  on  the  route  from  Lahore  to  Cashmere.  Lat.  33° 
26'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  16'  E.  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are  shawl- 
weavers. 

Thanasur,  t'h&^n&-siir',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
a  rajahship,  94  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  on  the  route  to  Um- 
ballah. 

Tha'nety  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  48 
miles  back  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Thanet,  Isle  of*  England.     See  Isle  of  Thanet. 

Than  -  Hee  -  Shan,  or  Than-Hi-Chan,  t'h&n'- 
hee^shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Yun-Nan. 
Lat.  23°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  22'  E.  It  is  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Than-lyeng,  or  Thanlweng.    See  Salwin. 

Thann,  t&nn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the 
Thur,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar,  with  which  place  it  is 
connected  by  railway.  Pop.  7544.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic 
church  with  a  spire  325  feet  in  height,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  silk  fabrics,  wine,  leather,  and  chemicals. 

Thannhansen,  t&n'hdw^z^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  on  the  Mindel,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1580. 

Tharandt,  or  Tharand,  t&'r&nt,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden,  N.  of  the  forest  of  its  own  name. 
It  has  a  renowned  agricultural  school.     Pop.  2554. 

Tharthar,  tarHar'  or  t'harH'har',  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  after  a  S.  course  parallel  to  the  Tigris,  is  lost  in  a 
salt  lake  70  miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad. 

Thaso,  th&'so,  or  Tha'sos,  an  island  in  the  ^gean 
Sea,  belonging  to  European  Turkey,  but  under  Egyptian 
administration,  ofT  the  S.  coast  of  Roumelia,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mount  Athos.  The  shape  is  nearly  circular. 
Area,  138  square  miles.  Pop.  5213.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally fertile  and  well  wooded ;  the  products  comprise  corn, 
fruits,  oil,  wine,  honey,  marble,  and  timber.  In  its  interior 
is  the  small  town  of  Volgaro,  and  on  its  N.B.  side  the  vil- 
lage of  Thaso. 

Thaso  Pulo,  or  ThasoPoulo,th4'sopoo'lo  ("Little 
Thaso"),  a  small  island  about  3  miles  N.  of  Thaso. 

Thatch'er's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  James  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Thau,  Etang  de,  France.    See  Etang  de  Thau. 

Thau'maco  (modem  Greek  pron.  th5w'm8,-ko),  a 
small  town  of  Thessaly,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Larissa,  on  a 


castellated  height,  on  which  are  remains  of  the  ancient 
Thaumaci. 

Thaw'ville,  a  post-village  in  Onarga  township,  Iro- 
quois CO.,  111.,  on  the  Gilman,  Clinton  <k  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.W.  of  Gilman.     It  has  a  church. 

Thax'ted)  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chelmsford.  Pop.  2188.  The  town^ 
on  the  Chelmer,  near  its  source,  is  of  great  antiquity.  It 
has  a  fine  old  church  and  a  guild  hall. 

Thax'ton's,  a  small  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  30  miles  W. 
of  Lynchburg.     It  has  3  stores. 

Thaya,  ti'i,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria  and  Moravia,^ 
after  an  E.  course  of  130  miles,  joins  the  March  39  milea 
N.E.  of  Vienna.  It  receives  the  Iglawa,  with  the  Zwit- 
tau,  from  the  N.,  by  which  it  drains  all  the  S.W.  half  of 
Moravia. 

Thayer,  thair,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska, 
bordering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Little  Blue  River  and  Big  Sandy  Creek 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay  or  grass,  and 
live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Hebron.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1876,  2410;  in  1880,  6113;  in  1890,  12,738. 

Thayer,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  in  Jones 
township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Afton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  114. 

Thayer,  a  flourishing  post-village  in  Chetopa  township, 
Neosho  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Gal- 
veston Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Humboldt,  and  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Parsons.  It  is  also  on  the  Memphis,  Car- 
thage A  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  a  church,  and  a  graded  school.  Coal  is  mined  near 
this  place.     Pop.  about  750. 

Thayer,  a  poet-office  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Middle 
Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Thayer,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  35 
miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Thayer's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y. 

Thayetmayo,  thi^yet-mi'o,  a  district  of  British  Bur- 
mah,  Pegu  division.  Area,  2397  square  miles.  Capital, 
Thayetmayo.     Pop.  156,816. 

Thayetmayo,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of 
Thayetmayo  district,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy, 
about  25  miles  above  Prome.     Pop.  8379. 

Theaki,  or  Thiaki.    See  Ithaca. 

The  Arabah,  a  valley  in  Arabia.    See  Arabah. 

The  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

The  Bend,  Defiance  co.,  0.     See  Delaware  Bend. 

Thebes,  theebz  (anc.  Dios'polis  Mag'na ;  Gr.  Attf<nroAi« 
ti.tyaXT\,  i.e.,  "  the  great  city  of  Jove ;"  the  No  or  No-Ammon 
of  Scripture),  a  famous  city  in  antiquity,  long  the  capital 
of  Egypt,  the  stupendous  remains  of  which,  in  Upper 
Egypt,  extend  for  7  miles  along  both  banks  of  the  Nile, 
about  lat.  25°  41'  N.,  and  present  in  every  respect  the 
finest  collection  of  ancient  monuments  existing  in  the  world. 
Its  foundation  is  lost  in  antiquity ;  but  it  had  long  been 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  cities  of  Egypt,  and  attained 
to  almost  unexampled  prosperity,  at  a  period  considered 
coeval  with  the  reigns  of  David  and  Solomon  in  Judea, 
when  it  began  to  suflFer  by  the  rise  of  Memphis,  and  lost 
much  of  its  importance  by  the  transfer  of  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment to  the  latter.  It  sustained  a  still  severer  blow 
during  the  invasion  by  the  Persians  under  Cambyses,  who 
captured  and  pillaged  it.  Its  destruction  was  completed,  it 
is  said,  by  Ptolemy  Lathyrus,  who  in  the  second  century 
B.C.,  after  a  three  years'  siege,  left  it  a  heap  of  ruins.  These 
ruins,  however,  bear  ample  testimony  to  its  original  gran- 
deur, and  some  of  them  are  still  in  wondrous  preservation. 
The  most  ancient  and  splendid  is  the  temple  of  Karnak, 
which  covered  an  area  of  about  li  miles  in  circuit  and  re- 
ceived its  embellishments  from  a  succession  of  monarcha 
who  vied  with  one  another  in  the  lavishness  of  their  ex- 
penditure upon  it.  It  faces  the  river,  and  is  approached 
by  an  avenue  of  crio-sphinxes,  which  terminated  at  two 
colossal  statues  of  granite.  Numerous  historical  sculp- 
tures are  carved  on  various  parts  of  the  temple,  especially 
on  the  interior  of  its  great  hall,  and  furnish  vivid  repre- 
sentations of  the  events  to  which  they  refer.  Next  in  im- 
portance to  the  ruins  of  Karnak  are  those  of  the  palace  of 
Luxor,  rather  more  than  1  mile  above  the  temple,  but  con- 
nected with  it  by  a  dromoj,  or  street,  commencing  at  two 
obelisks  of  red  granite  covered  with  a  profusion  of  hiero- 
glyphics admirably  executed.  The  dimensions  of  the  pal- 
ace are  less  ^than  those  of  the  temple,  but  the  stylo  of 
architecture  is  considered  superior,  and  the  state  of  preser- 


THE 


2609 


THE 


vation  is  more  complete.  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile, 
whioh  bore  the  name  of  the  Libyan  suburb,  was  situated 
the  quarter  called  Memnonia,  also  a  very  extensive  necrop- 
olis, still  containing  many  magnificent  monumental  struc- 
tures. The  Memnonia  is  so  called  from  its  containing  the 
palace-temple  of  Memuonium  or  Rameseum  (?),  which  for 
symmetry  and  elegance  is  not  surpassed  by  any  monument 
of  Egyptian  art.  A  remarkable  colossus,  once  the  wonder 
of  the  ancients,  still  exists,  in  a  dilapidated  state.  It  is 
called  the  Vocal  Memnon,  from  a  sound  which  it  emitted 
at  sunrise.  The  statue  possesses  great  interest  both  from 
the  skill  displayed  in  its  formation  and  from  the  number  of 
the  hieroglyphics  engraved  on  it.  The  necropolis,  on  the 
same  side  of  the  river,  is  rich  in  antiquities,  and  contains 
numerous  catacombs,  from  one  of  which  the  famous  tomb 
of  Belzoni  was  excavated. Adj.  and  inhab.  The'ban. 

Thebes  (Gr.  e^/Sou,  Thebai,  pronounced  thee'vi  by  the 
modern  Greeks;  Turkish,  Teeva),  a  town  of  Greece,  in 
Boeotia,  on  a  height  anciently  occupied  by  the  Cadmeian 
citedel,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Livadia.  Pop.  3050.  Thebes, 
founded  by  Cadmus  about  b.c.  1549  (?),  the  birthplace  of 
Hesiod,  Pindar,  Pelopidas,  and  Epaminondas,  was  anciently 

a  city  of  great  wealth  and  importance. Adj.  and  inhab. 

The'ban. 

Thebes,  theebz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  oo..  111., 
in  Thebes  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  26 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  of  the  township,  473. 

Thebo,  thi'bo,  a  town  of  Burmah,  105  miles  E.  of  Ava. 

The  ButteS)  huts,  a  remarkable  group  of  porphyritio 
mountains  in  Sutter  co.,  Cal.,  11  miles  W.  of  Marysville. 
There  are  three  prominent  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is 
about  1500  feet  in  elevation.  The  group  is  about  30  miles 
in  circuit.  The  Buttes  are  covered  with  a  growth  of  wild 
oats. 

The  Cape,  a  post-oflSce  of  Dare  co.,  N.C. 

The  Caves,  a  post-oflSce  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

The  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Mount  Pleasant  Station  on  the  Ulster  &  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  and  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  wood  pulp  factory. 

The  Cove,  New  York.    See  Sheep's  Head  Bat. 

The  Dalles,  Oregon.    See  Dalles. 

Thedford,  Ontario.     See  Widder  SxAxioif. 

The  Fisher's  Islands,  China  Sea.   See  PHSNa-Hoo. 

The  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Kennebec  River,  about  50 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Skowhegan. 

The  Forks,  a  post-office  of  Wheeler  co..  Neb. 

The  Forts,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  75  miles  below  New  Orleans.  It 
is  near  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip. 

The  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River  and  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs. 

The  Gold  Mines,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  932. 

The  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co..  111.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

The  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
g.W.  of  AVaco.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

The  Gums,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Sardis. 

The  Havannah,  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

The  Hoi'low,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

The  Hook,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Ar- 
gyle  township,  8  miles  from  Fort  Edward. 

Theills,  or  Thiells,  tllz,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  4  miles 
W.  of  Haverstraw.     It  has  a  church,  a  basket-factory,  Ac. 

Theilman,  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.    See  Thielmanton. 

Theiss,  tice  (Hun.  Titza,  tee'sSh^-  anc.  7V6iVcu»),  a 
river  of  Hungary,  all  the  B.  part  of  which,  and  most  of 
Transylvania,  is  drained  by  it  and  its  tributaries,  rises  in 
the  Carpathian  Mountains,  on  the  borders  of  Galicia,  and  is 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Black  and  White  Theiss,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Szigeth.  Its  course  is  then  W.  to  Tokay, 
whence  it  has  a  S.  course  to  the  Danube,  whioh  it  joins  on 
the  left  between  the  Banat  and  Slavonia,  22  miles  E.  of 
Peterwardein.  Total  length,  500  miles,  for  the  greater  part 
of  which  it  is  navigable.  Chief  affluents,  the  Szamos,  the 
Eraszna,  the  Koros,  the  Maros,  and  the  Bega. 

Themar,  t&'mar,  a  walled  town  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on 
the  Werra,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  1665.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  paper. 

The  Mede,  Isle  of  Wight.    See  Medina. 

Themsche,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Tamise. 

Thense,  the  Latin  name  of  Tirlbmont. 


Thenezay,  t^h-n^h-zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
Sdvres,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parthenay.     Pop.  889. 

Thenon,  t9h-n6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  P^rigueux.     Pop.  1898. 

The  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co..  Miss. 

Theodosia,  the  ancient  name  of  Kafpa. 

Theodosiopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Erzroov. 

Th6odale  (ti^o'diir)  Pass,  Alps,  is  between  Pied- 
mont and  the  Swiss  canton  of  Valais.     Height,  10,000  feet. 

Theoduria,  the-o-doo're-&,  a  small  town  of  Europeaa 
Turkey,  in  Epirus,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yanina. 

Theological  (the^o-16j'e-kal)  Seminary,  a  post- 
village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  Here  is  a  theological  seminary  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  denomination. 

The  Paarl,  Cape  Colony.    See  Paarl. 

The  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  at 
Plains  Station  on  the  Manassas  division  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad,  48  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Thera,  th^'ri,  or  Phera,  f&'r&,  a  town  of  Greece, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Santorini  (or  Thera),  on  its  W. 
coast.     Pop.  5143.    See  also  Santorini. 

Therain,  t§h-r4N»',  a  river  of  France,  rises  near  the 
E.  frontiers  of  Seine- Infdrieure,  enters  the  department  of 
Oise,  flows  S.E.  past  Beauvais,  and  joins  the  Oise  near  Creil. 
Length,  50  miles. 

Therapia,  t5r-a-pee'a,  written  also  Tarapia,  a  vil- 
lage of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  the  Bosporus,  7i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Constantinople,  with 
numerous  country-houses  and  residences  of  the  French  and 
English  ambassadors. 

Thera'sia,  an  island  of  Greece,  W.  of  Thera. 

Theraud,  t'hSr^awd',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Guzerat,  150  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Odeypoor. 

Theresa,  te-ree'sa,  a  post-village  in  Theresa  township, 
Jefferson  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  Indian  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Water- 
town,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  printing-office,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  machinery,  lumber,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  The 
township  comprises  several  beautiful  lakes.  Pop.  of  village, 
798 ;  of  township,  2361. 

Theresa,  a  post-village  in  Theresa  township,  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Fond  du 
Lao,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Horicon.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  brewery.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2098. 

Theresa  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Utica  A  Black 
River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches,  2i  miles 
S.  of  Theresa,  N.Y. 

Theresienstadt,  tdr-4'ze-^n-st&tt^,  also  called  Ma- 
ria Theresienopel,  m4-ree'i  tir-J^ze-^n-o'p^l,  a  town 
of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Leitmeritz,  on  the 
Eger,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Elbe.  Pop.  2334.  Ita 
fortress  was  built  by  Joseph  II.  in  1780. 

Theresienstadt,  or  Theresienopel,  tflr-i*ze-9n-o'- 
p^l  (Hun.  Szabadka,  s6h^b5d'k5h^),  a  town  in  Southeast 
Hungary,  co.  of  B5cs,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Szegedin.  Pop. 
53,400.  It  has  several  churches,  a  college,  large  barracks, 
a  town  hall,  manufactures  of  linen,  leather,  and  tobacco, 
and  a  trade  in  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  raw  hides,  and  wool. 

Theresiopolis,  tflr-i^ze-op'o-lis,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  18  miles  E.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4652. 

The  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Therma,  an  ancient  name  of  Salonica. 

Thermte.    See  Termini. 

Thermae,  the  ancient  name  of  Tiermas. 

Thermae  Helveticae.     See  Baden. 

Thermaicus  Sinus.    See  Gulf  of  Salonica. 

Thermeh,  or  Termeh,  tfiR'mSh,  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  rises  N.N.W.  of  Kara-Hissar,  flows  W.,  and  then 
N.  into  the  Black  Sea.     Total  course,  about  100  miles. 

Thermeh,  or  Termeh  (anc.  Ther'modoit),  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  130  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Trebizond,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Thermeh. 

Thermia,  thfir-mee'4  (anc.  Oyth'not ;  Qr.  KvOvoi  or 
KvOvioc),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  in  the  Cy- 
clades,  government  and  22  miles  W.  of  Syra,  midway  be- 
tween Zea  and  Serpho.  Area,  48  square  miles.  Pop.  6000. 
It  produces  wheat,  barley,  wine,  figs,  honey,  and  some  silk, 
and  derives  its  name  from  the  hot  springs  on  its  E.  side, 
near  the  principal  village  of  Thermia,  with  a  pop.  of  1484. 

Therm opylai,  th^r-mop'e-Ie  (Gr.  %epii.owvXat,  i.e.,  "the 
hot  gates"),  or  Pylee,  pi'lee  (Gr.  IIvAat,  i.e.,  "the  gates"), 
a  famous  pass  of  Greece,  between  Mount  (Eta  and  the  Gulf 
of  Lamia,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lamia.  The  pass,  about  5 
miles  long,  is  hemmed  in  on  one  side  by  precipitous  rooks 


THE 


2610 


THI 


from  400  to  600  feet  in  height,  and  on  the  other  side  by 
the  sea  and  an  impassable  morass.  It  was  here  that  Leoni- 
das  and  his  300  Spartans  died  in  defending  Greece  against 
the  invasion  of  Xerxes,  B.C.  480.  The  Polyandrium,  an 
ancient  tumulus,  with  the  remains  of  a  square  pedestal, 
built  of  blocks  of  red  marble  breccia,  marks  the  spot.  Near 
here  are  remarkable  hot  springs,  to  whioh  the  pass  owes  its 
name. 

The  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upson  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Upson  County  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

The  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Thesa,  the's&,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Morocco,  on  the 
Seboo.     Lat.  34°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  55'  W.     Pop.  about  6000. 

The  Square,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Scipio 
township,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  church. 

Thessalonica,  European  Turkey.     See  Salonica. 

Thess'aly,  or  Thessa'lia  (modern  Greek  pron.  this- 
si-lee'a  ;  Fr.  Theasalie,  tfis^si^ee' ;  Ger.  Theaaalien,  ti-si'- 
le-§n),  or  Trikhala,  tree'ki-18.  (anc.  Theesa'lia),  a  former 
province  of  Turkey,  acquired  by  Greece  in  1881,  between 
lat.  39"  and  40°  30'  N.,  Ion.  21°  30'  and  23°  26'  E.,  hav- 
ing W.  the  chain  of  Pindus,  separating  it  from  Epiras 
and  Albania,  N.  Macedonia,  and  E.  the  Gulfs  of  Salonica 
and  Volo,  between  which  it  sends  a  long  peninsula  into 
the  -ffilgean  Sea.  It  is  traversed  by  the  ramifications  of 
Mount  Pindus,  and  contains  many  fertile  valleys,  watered 
by  the  Salembria  (anc.  Pene'xu).  Near  the  coast  are  Mounts 
Kissovo  and  Zagor£  (anc.  Osea  and  Pelion),  and  on  the  N. 
frontier  is  the  famed  Mount  Olympus  of  antiquity.  Prin- 
cipal products,  cotton,  olives,  and  silk.  Chief  towns,  La- 
rissa,  Trikhala,  Volo,  and  Ambelakia. 

Thet'ford,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Norfolk  and 
Sufiblk,  on  the  navigable  Little  Ouse,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Thet,  28i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich,  on  the  Eaatem  Coun- 
ties Railway.  Pop.  4166.  The  town  is  irregularly  but  well 
built.  The  principal  structures  are  St.  Peter's,  or  the 
"  black  church,"  built  mostly  of  flint,  the  guild  hall,  market- 
house,  jail,  bridewell,  theatre,  a  cast-iron  bridge  across  the 
Ouse,  a  grammar-school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities. 
Thetford  was  for  a  brief  period  the  capital  of  the  kingdom 
of  East  Anglia,  and  in  the  seventh  century  the  see  of  the 
bishop.  So  late  as  the  time  of  Edward  III.  it  was  stated 
to  have  20  churches  and  8  monasteries. 

Thet'ford,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.     P.  1184. 

Thetford,  a  station  of  the  Passumpsio  Railroad,  is  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  at  East  Thetford,  14  miles  N.N.E. 
of  White  River  Junction,  Vt. 

Thetford,  a  post-village  in  Thetford  township.  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  2  miles  W.  of  Thetford  Station  of  the  Passumpsio 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River  Junction,  and 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Con- 
necticut River.  It  contains  North  Thetford  and  Union 
Village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1613. 

Thetford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
in  Thetford  township,  about  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  church. 

The  Twelve  Apostles,  Wis.   See  Apostles  Islands. 

Theusing,toi'zing,  written  also  TheysingandDeu- 
sing,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Elbogen. 
Pop.  2204. 

Theux,  tub,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  railway  to  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  3598. 

Thew-ee-Choh.     See  Gbbat  Fish  River. 

Theys,  ti,  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  16  miles  N.E. 
«f  Grenoble.     Pop.  883. 

Thiaki,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands.    See  Ithaca. 

Thian-Men-Shan  (or  -Chan),  tee^in'mSn'shin',  a 
mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo.  Lat.  33°  32'  N. ; 
Ion.  104°  32'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Thian-Shan,  tee^in'shin  (or  "celestial  mountains"), 
a  lofty  mountain-chain  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  forming  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  great  table-land  of  Central  Asia,  and 
extending  from  lat.  42°  to  43°  N.  and  Ion.  80°  to  90°  E. 
It  separates  Toorkistan  proper  on  the  S.  from  Soongaria  on 
the  N.  In  many  parts  it  abounds  with  volcanic  products 
and  rises  far  above  the  limits  of  perpetual  snow. 

Thian-Shan-Felu,  Asia.    See  Soongaria. 

Thian-Thsang-Shan  (or  -Chan),  tee  in'tsing^- 
Btiin',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Yun-Nan.  Lat.  25°  45'  N.  ; 
Ion.  100°  15'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Thiancourt,  tee^o^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  inMeurthe- 
et-Moselle,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pont-a,-Mousson.     Pop.  1610. 

Thibet,  or  Tibet,  tib'et  or  tib-4t'  (native,  Pueko- 
achin,  poo-i-ko-i-cheen'  (?),  "  snowy  region  of  the  north ;" 
Chinese,  Taang  ;  Hindoo,  Bhol,  b'hot ;  the  name  Tibet  or 


Tubet  being  of  Mohammedan  origin),  an  extensive  region 
of  Central  Asia,  included  in  the  Chinese  Empire,  stretch- 
ing from  Ion.  79°  to  103°  E.,  and  from  the  great  chain  of  the 
Himalaya  to  about  lat.  36°  N.,  having  N.  Chinese  Toorkis- 
tan, the  desert  Gobi,  and  the  Koko-Nor  territory ;  W.  La- 
dakh,  and  the  other  countries  of  "  Little  Thibet,"  formerly 
belonging  to  the  Sikhs ;  E.  China  proper ;  and  S.  the  terri- 
tories of  Burmah,  British  India,  Bootan,  Sikkim,  Nepaul, 
and  the  Punjab.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  1400  miles  ; 
breadth,  600  miles.  Pop.  6,000,000.  The  W.  part,  which 
alone  has  been  explored  by  Europeans,  is  a  lofty  table-land, 
with  a  very  dry  climate,  cold,  but  not  severe ;  and  the  lower 
limit  of  the  snow-line  is  higher  on  the  N.  than  on  the  S. 
slope  of  the  Himalaya.  It  is  the  most  elevated  country  on 
the  surface  of  the  globe,  the  highest  plains  being  more  than 
15,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Many  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
Southern  Asia,  the  Indus,  Sutlej,  and  Brahmapootra,  rise 
in  Thibet,  and  numerous  afSuents  of  the  Ganges  break 
through  the  Himalaya  also,  from  West  Thibet.  From  East 
Thibet,  which  seems  to  be  a  maze  of  mountains,  flow  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang  and  many  large  tributaries  of  the  Brah- 
mapootra. Thibet  contains  many  lakes,  some  of  which  are 
of  great  size,  such  as  the  Tengri-Nor,  Palte,  and  Manasaro- 
war,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Sutlej. 

The  land  in  West  Thibet,  so  far  as  has  been  discovered,  is 
very  bare  of  trees  or  large  vegetable  products,  yet  it  abounds 
with  game  and  other  wild  animals,  and  numerous  flocks  of 
sheep  and  goats,  the  hairy  wool  of  which  is  used  for  the 
manufacture  of  shawls  and  other  fine  fabrics  in  Cashmere. 
The  yak  {Po^hagus  grunniena)  and  several  other  kinds  of 
cattle  are  reared;  horses,  mules,  and  sheep  are  used  as 
beasts  of  burden.  A  fine  race  of  dogs,  and  the  musk-deer, 
a  small  species,  are  natives  of  Thibet.  Barley,  pease,  and 
wheat  are  the  chief  crops  raised;  garden  vegetables  and 
fruits  are  in  little  variety,  and  the  inhabitants  live  more  by 
pastoral  than  by  agricultural  pursuits.  Clay -slate,  granite, 
quartz,  and  limestone  are  constituents  of  the  mountain- 
ranges;  borax  in  great  quantity,  nitre,  rock  salt,  lead, 
silver,  copper,  gold,  turquoise,  and  lapis-lazuli  are  among  the 
mineral  products;  but  the  great  scarcity  of  fuel  forms  a 
serious  obstacle  to  mining  and  the  reduction  of  metals. 
Near  Garoo  there  are  extensive  gold-fields.  Manufactures 
of  woollens,  sacking,  and  other  woven  fabrics  are  pretty 
general,  and  much  cloth  is  sent  from  Lassa  into  China. 
The  traffic  through  Thibet  is  extensive,  and  mostly  monop- 
olized by  the  government  and  officers  of  state.  The  trade 
with  China  is  conducted  at  Lassa  and  Sin-Ning,  a  town  of 
the  Chinese  province  Kan-Soo,  where  the  Thibetan  caravans 
exchange  the  native  produce  and  Indian  goods  for  tea, 
silver,  bullion,  brocades,  fruits,  tobacco,  quicksilver,  cinna- 
bar, furs,  porcelain,  musical  instruments,  pearls,  and  corals. 
Nepaul  and  Bootan  derive  all  their  Chinese  goods  through 
Thibet;  and  from  the  former  and  Bengal,  English  and  In- 
dian piece-goods,  sugar,  tobacco,  indigo,  paper,  rice,  spices, 
sandal-wood,  and  gums  are  received ;  from  Assam,  silk,  iron, 
and  stick  lac ;  from  Chinese  Toorkistan,  horses  and  camels ; 
from  Ladakh,  dried  fruits,  shawls,  gamboge,  saffron,  cop- 
per, tobacco,  and  timber.  The  roads  and  bridges  are  far 
inferior  to  those  of  China.  Thibet,  which  became  subordi- 
nate to  China  in  1648,  is  politically  divided  into  East,  or 
Hither,  and  West,  or  Ulterior  Thibet,  each  ruled  by  a  minis- 
ter from  Peking,  in  conjunction  with  the  ecclesiastical  heads 
of  the  country, — the  Dalai-Lama,  at  Lassa,  the  eastern  capi- 
tal, and  the  Teshoo-Lama,  at  Teshoo-Loomboo,  the  western 
capital.  Thibet  is  the  head-quarters  of  Booddhism,  which  is 
here  exhibited  in  its  greatest  purity.  The  country  abounds 
with  temples,  and  it  is  stated  that  80,000  lamas,  or  priests, 
are  supported  at  the  expense  of  the  government.  Among 
the  inhabitants  there  are  believed  to  be  about  8000  Roman 
Catholics.  The  Chinese  armed  force  consists  of  60,000  men, 
of  whom  50,000  are  infantry.  The  population,  like  the 
other  inhabitants  of  the  table-land  of  Central  Asia,  are  of 
the  Mongolian  race.  Besides  Lassa,  the  chief  towns  are 
Teshoo-Loomboo,  Jiga-Gounggar,  <&c. 

No  conqueror  from  the  S.  ever  yet  possessed  himself  of 
Thibet  proper.  Shah  Jehan-Geer,  in  1640,  attempted  the 
conquest  of  Hoo-Tsang ;  but  the  advance  to  L6h  was  dis- 
astrous, and  his  troops  retraced  their  steps.  Jenghis  Khan 
brought  Thibet  under  his  rule,  but  he  afterwards  established 
the  Dalai-Lama  in  the  sovereignty.  Tamerlane  also  con- 
quered the  country,  but  he  interfered  little  in  its  internal 
regulations.  The  Thibetans  remained,  with  few  intermis- 
sions, subject  to  their  own  sovereigns  till  the  time  of  the 
Chinese  emperor  Kang-He,  whose  supremacy  they  finally 
acknowledged  in  1727.  Kien-Loong,  about  1790,  after 
successfully  repelling  an  invasion  of  the  Goorkhas,  who 
had  plundered  Teshoo-Loomboo,  further  extended  the  im- 


I 


THI 


2611 


THO 


I 


irial  rule  in  Thibet,  whioh  the  Chinese  sorereigns  have 
ever  since  with  much  solicitude  preserved,  since  their  wield- 
ing the  religious  influence  exercised  by  the  Dalai-Lama  over 
the  Tartar  and  Mongolian  tribes  is  of  vital  importance  to 
them. Adj.  and  inhab.  Thibetan,  tib'e-tan. 

ThibodeauX)  tib^o-dS',  a  post-village,  capital  of  La- 
fourche parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  3  miles  N.  of 
Terre  Bonne  Station,  which  is  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  & 
Texas  Railroad,  55  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has 
a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  convent,  7  churches  (3 
colored),  2  colleges  or  seminaries,  and  a  foundry.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  the  bayou  to  this  place.     P.  (1890)  2078. 

Thick'ety  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  through 
Union  co.  into  Broad  River,  a  few  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  Pacolett  River. 

Thiel)  or  Tiel,  teel,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Gelderland,  on  the  Waal,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Arnhem.  Pop.  8142.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather 
and  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Thiele,  tee'l^h,  Tiel,  teel,  or  Zihl,  tseel,  a  river  of 
Switzerland,  cantons  of  Yaud  and  Bern,  joins  the  Aar  5 
miles  E.  of  Bienne,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  miles,  in 
which  it  traverses  the  lakes  of  Neufchlltel  and  Bienne.  The 
village  of  Thiele  is  situated  between  the  lakes. 

Thiells,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  Tubills. 

Thielmau,  teel'man,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co., 
Dakota. 

Thielmanton,  teel'man-t^n,  or  Theilman,  teel'- 
man, a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  or  near 
Zumbro  River,  and  on  the  Wabasha  division  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  Theilman  Station, 
19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wabasha. 

Thielrode,  teel'ro-d^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  18  miles  E.  of  Ghent.   Pop.  1835. 

Thielt  (anc.  Tiletumt),  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges,  in  lat.  51°  N., 
Ion.  3°  20'  E.  It  has  a  town  house,  surmounted  by  a  Gothic 
tower,  a  college,  a  school  of  design,  a  musical  society,  sev- 
eral boarding-schools  and  benevolent  institutions,  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  linen  goods,  hats,  leather,  lace,  cards, 
tobacco,  glue,  oil,  soap,  and  Prussian  blue,  a  distillery,  brew- 
eries, roperies,  brick-works,  dye-works,  and  bleach-fields, 
and  an  important  trade  in  grain  and  linen.     Pop.  10,910. 

Thienen,  a  Flemish  name  of  Tirlemont. 

Thiensville)  thi'^nz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Ozaukee  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Mequon  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River  and 
the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Mequon  River. 

Thierache,  tee^^h-r&sh',  an  old  subdivision  of  France, 
in  Picardy.  Guise  was  its  capital.  It  is  now  comprised  in 
the  department  of  Aisne. 

ThieracherU)  tee'r&K-^rn,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
eanton  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  826. 

Thiers,  te-aiR'  (anc.  Cas'trum  Thiger'numf),  a  manu- 
facturing town  of  France,  department  of  Puy-de-Ddme,  on 
the  Durolle,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand,  in  lat. 
45°  51'  N.,  Ion.  3°  33'  E.  Pop.  11,182.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  arts  and  manufactures^  a  communal  college,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  cutlery,  paper,  and  candles. 

Thieulain,  tee^uhM&N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1051. 

Thiensies,  tee^uh^see',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut, 6  miles  N.E.  of  Mons,  with  manufactures  of  chiccory, 
a  brewery,  and  a  distillery. 

Thi^zac,  te-i^z&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Oantal,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1980. 

Thimister,  tee*meesHaiR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2502. 

Thionville,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Diedenhofen. 

Third,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1816. 

Third  Creek,  a  village  and  township  of  Gasconade 
CO.,  Mo.     Pop.  of  village,  200 ;  of  township,  1228. 

Third  Lake,  Wisconsin.     See  Four  Lakes. 

Third  Mountain,  Pa.  See  Sharp  MotrNTAiN. 
Thirl'mere,  Thir'lamere,  or  Leath'es-Water, 
a  lake  of  Cumberland,  in  England,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Keswick. 
Thirsk,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding, 
on  the  York  &  Newcastle  Railway,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  North- 
allerton. Pop.  3040.  It  has  a  fine  old  church,  various 
chapels,  and  manufactures  of  coarse  linens  and  sacking. 
Thirsk  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Thirty-Nine  Mile  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  com- 
puted to  be  11,000  feet  high.  Lat.  38°  49'  40"  N.;  Ion. 
105°  34'  35"  W.     It  is  39  miles  N.N.W.  of  CaBon  City. 

Thiry  Daenis,tlr'e  d&mz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee 
CO..  Wis.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 


Thisnes,  teen,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  13  milea 
N.W.  of  Huy,  with  2  breweries  and  a  sandstone-quarry. 

Thisselt,  tis's^lt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
14  miles  S.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1658. 

Thisted,  or  Tisted,  tis'tid,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  on  an  arm  of  the  Lym-Fiord,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Nykjbbing.     Pop.  3552. 

This'tle  Island,  South  Australia,  at  the  entrance  of 
Spencer  Gulf,  in  lat.  35°  6'  S.,  Ion.  136°  11'  E.  Length, 
12  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Thistletown,  this'$l-t5wn,  or  Saint  An'drews,  a 
post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Weston.  It 
contains  a  store  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Thiva,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Thebes. 

Thiv'ener,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Thiverval,  teeV^RVil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
et-Oise,  canton  of  Poissy.  Here  are  the  chd,teau  and  park 
of  Grignon,  with  an  agricultural  institute,  and  a  quarry 
containing  an  immense  variety  of  fossil  shells. 

Thiviers,  teeVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  P6rigueux.     Pop.  2114. 

Thizy,  tee^zee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rhdne,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons.  It  has  cotton-factories. 
Pop.  3179. 

'Thlono'to  Creek,  of  Dooly  co.,  Qta,.,  flows  W.  into 
Flint  River. 

Thogji-Chnmo,  thog'jee-ohoo'mo,  a  salt  lake  of 
Ladakh,  among  the  West  Himalayas,  15,500  feet  above  the 
sea-level,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Leh.  It  is  about  3  miles  long, 
and  is  covered  with  saline  plants.  It  appears  to  have  cov- 
ered once  a  much  larger  space  than  at  present,  and  to  have 
been  then  fresh,  as  the  surrounding  plain  consists  of  clay 
beds  containing  prodigious  numbers  of  fresh-water  shells. 

Thoiry,  twi^ree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy  proper, 
6  miles  E.N.E.  of  ChambSry.     Pop.  of  commune,  1363. 

Thoissey,  tw&s^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Sadne,  9  miles  S.  of  Micon.     Pop.  1748. 

Thok-Jalung,  tSk-y&-loong',  a  gold-field  in  Thibet, 
84  miles  N.E.  of  Garoo.    Altitude,  16,330  feet. 

Tholen,  or  Tolen,  to'l^n,  a  fortified  town  of  tha 
Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  Tholen, 
between  the  Scheldt  and  the  Meuse,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Ber- 
gen-op-Zoom.     Pop.  2000. 

ThoUenbeek,  tol'l^n-baik',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Brabant,  on  the  Marcq,  about  1 9  miles  S.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  2307. 

Thollon,  tor Iftjs"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy, 
29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Geneva,  near  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake 
of  Geneva. 

Thomar,  to-maR',  a  town  of  Portugal,  provimie  of 
Estremadura,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Abrantes.     Pop.  4112. 

Thomas,  tom'as,  a  southern  county  of  Georgia,  borders 
on  Florida.  Area,  about  784  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Ocklockonnee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Ocilla 
and  Uchee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  sugar-cane,  sweet  potatoes,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad.  Capital,  Thomasville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,523 ;  in  1880,  20,597 ;  in  1890,  26,154. 

Thomas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  1080  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  and 
South  Forks  of  Sappa  Creek,  and  is  traversed  by  several 
railroads.   Capital,  Colby.    Pop.  in  1880, 161  ;  in  1890, 5538. 

Thomas,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jordan 
township,  on  the  Havana,  Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  W.  of  Williamsport. 

Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of  Detroit  l\ 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Thomas,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Mo.     Pop.  654. 

Thomas,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Washington  co 
Pa.,  in  Nottingham  township.     It  has  2  churches. 

"Thomas,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    P.  165t 

Thomasborough,  tom'as-bilr-riih,  a  post-village  oi 
Champaign  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Champaign  City. 

Thomasburg,  tom'as-biirg,  a  post-village  in  Hastings 
CO.,  Ontario,  19  miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  tannery, 
carriage-shop,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  200. 

Thomas  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church  and  grist-mill. 

Thomas  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  parish.  La. 

Thomas  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  4i 
miles  N.  of  Cave  Spring.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-milL 

Thomas'  Point,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  ti< 


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?outh  River,  Chesapeake  Bay,  contains  a  fixed  light  in  a 
tower  30  feet  high,  and  aids  vessels  bound  to  Annapolis. 

Thomas'  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  oo.,  Md.,  5 
or  6  miles  N.E.  of  Belair.     It  has  a  church. 

Thomas  Station^  or  Thomasville^  a  post-hamlet 
of  Bullock  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  <fc  Girard  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Union  Springs.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Thomaston,  tom'as-t^n,  a  post- village  of  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Thomaston  township,  on  the  Naugatuck  River 
and  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  9^  miles  N.  of  Waterbury, 
and  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  contains  the 
Thomaston  Academy,  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  brass- 
rolling-mill,  and  manufactures  of  clocks,  cutlery,  and 
scissors  and  shears.     Fop.  in  1890,  985. 

Thomaston^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Upson  oo.,  Ga., 
on  the  Upson  County  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia,  76  miles  S.  of  Atlanta,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Barnesville.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
furniture.  The  branch  railroad  connects  at  Barnesville 
with  the  main  line.     Pop.  in  1880,  570;  in  1890,  1181. 

Thomaston)  a  post-village  in  Thomaston  township, 
Knox  CO.,  Me.,  on  St.  Georges  River  (a  deep  narrow  inlet 
of  the  sea),  and  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Railroad,  4  miles 
W.S.AV.  of  Rockland,  and  12  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  2  national  banks,  and  a  high  school.  It 
is  partly  supported  by  ship-bnilding  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  lime.  Here  is  the  Maine  State  Prison,  in  which 
convicts  are  employed  in  manufacturing  carriages  and 
boots  and  shoes.  The  plan  of  the  building  and  system  of 
discipline  are  similar  to  those  of  the  Auburn  prison.  The 
township  has  quarries  of  limestone  and  granite.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  3092. 

Thomaston,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mine  Hill  &  Schuylkill  Haven  Railroad,  3^  miles  W.  of 
Minersville.     Pop.  of  village,  321. 

Thomaston,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River  and  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Cuero. 

Thomastown,tom'as-t5wn,orBalMymacan'don, 
a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8|  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kilkenny,  on 
the  Nore.  Pop.  1202.  It  has  beautiful  remains  of  an 
abbey,  a  large  chapel,  a  branch  bank,  and  flour-mills. 

Thomastown,  tom'as-tdwn,  a  township  of  Saginaw 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  618. 

Thomastown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leake  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Yockanockany  Creek,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  college. 

Thomastown,  a  post- village  of  Summit  oo.,  0.,  3i 
miles-S.E.  of  Akron.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Thomasville,  Bullock  co.,  Ala.    See  Thomas  Statioit. 

Thomasville,  tom'as-vil,  a  post-office  of  Prairie  oo., 
Ark.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Beebe  Station. 

Thomasville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Thomas  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  H  Gulf  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Albany  division  with  the  main  line,  200  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Savannah,  36  miles  E.  of  Bainbridge,  and  58  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Albany.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  banking-house,  3  churches,  a  female  college,  the 
Fletcher  Institute  for  Boys,  and  an  iron-foundry  and  ma- 
chine-shop.    Pop.  in  1880,  2555;  in  1890,  5514. 

Thomasville,  a  post-yillage  of  Oregon  co..  Mo.,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Poplar  Bluflf,  and  76  miles  S.W.  of  Ironton. 
It  has  a  high  scnool,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
ploughs  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  150. 

Thomasville,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb. 

Thomasville,  a  post-village  in  Thomasville  township, 
Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  lOj 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Salisbury. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  female  seminary,  and  a  chair-factory. 
Pop.  450  ;  of  the  township,  3057. 

Thomasville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  York,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Graybill  Station  of  the 
Hanover  A  York  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Thomasville,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn., 
about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville. 

Thomery,  to^m^h-ree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Marne,  on  the  Seine,  3^  miles  by  rail  from  Fontainebleau. 

Thompson,  tomp'sQn,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  co., 
Ala.,  33  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Thompson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Ark.,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Thompson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Thompson,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Thompson  township,  on  the  New  York  &  New 
England  Railroaul,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Putnam,  and  38  miles 


N.  by  E.  of  Norwich.  It  contains  several  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  and  a  hotel.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Quinebaug  River  aad  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Rail- 
road. It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  woollen 
goods,  and  contains  villages  named  Grosvenor  Dale,  North 
Grosvenor  Dale,  East  Thompson,  New  Boston,  and  Wilson- 
ville. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Newark. 

Thompson,  Georgia  and  Illinois.    See  Thomson. 

Thompson,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.     Pop.  800. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     P.  756. 

Thompson,  a  station  of  the  Dorchester  <&  Delaware 
Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Cambridge,  Md. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  56. 

Thompson,  Carlton  co.,  Minn.    See  Thomson. 

Thompson,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Audrain  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  5^ 
miles  W.  of  Mexico. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.  Pop 
3514.     It  contains  Monticello  and  Thompsonville. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     P.  866. 

Thompson,  a  post-village  in  Thompson  township, 
Geauga  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  town  hall,  and  a  fine  hotel.  The  town 
ship  has  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1095. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  2070. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  oo.,  Oregon. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  649. 

Thompson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thompson  township, 
Susquehanna  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  701. 

Thompson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Wis., 
about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Thompson  Creek,  Col.    See  Bio  Thoupson  Creek. 

Thompson  Creek,  in  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  is  a 
tributary  of  the  Smoky  Hill  River. 

Thompson  Lake,  South  Dakota,  in  Kingsbury  oo., 
is  about  10  miles  long.  Its  outlet  runs  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  Dakota  River  in  Hanson  oo. 

Thompson  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y..on  the  Middletown  A  Crawford  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Thompson's,  township,  Alamance  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  776. 

Thompson's,  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1708. 

Thompson's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  it 
Buffalo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Tidioute,  Pa. 

Thompson's,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  18i  miles  N.W.  of 
Houston. 

Thompson's  Creek,  Louisiana,  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  parishes  of  East  Feliciana  and  West  Feliciana, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  2  miles  above  Port  Hudson. 

Thompson's  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  Leaf  River  in  Perry  co. 

Thompson's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Louisa 
CO.,  Va. 

Thompson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  from  Bealeton.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Thompson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 

Thompson's  Point,  a  post-office  and  landing  of 
Benton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  9  miles  S.  of 
Camden. 

Thompson's  River  falls  into  the  Missouri  River  in 
about  Ion.  108°  20'  W. 

Thompson's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Missoula  co., 
Montana,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Clarke's  River. 

Thompson's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Williamson 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with 
Columbia,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Thompson's  Valley,  post-office,  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Thompsontown,  tomp'spn-tSwn,  a  post-borough  in 
Delaware  township,  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River 
and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Har 
risburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  280. 

Thompsonville,  tomp'spn-vil,  a  post-village  in  En- 
field township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven,  Hartford  <fc 
Springfield  Railroad,  8^  miles  S.  of  Springfield,  and  17 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  extensive  carpet-factories,  which  employ  about 
500  operatives  and  turn  out  annually  about  2,000,000  yardf 
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Thompsonville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  HI.,  in 
Cave  township,  on  the  Belleville  &  £1  Dorado  Railroad,  at 
Thompson  Station,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Benton.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  2  warehouses.     Pop.  about  300. 

Thompsouville,  a  post-offioe  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas, 
2i  miles  from  Medina. 

Thompsonville^  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Thompsonville)  a  hamlet  in  Leon  township,  Catta- 
raugus CO.,  N.y.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown. 

Thompsonville^  a  post-hamlet  in  Thompson  township, 
Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Neversink  River,  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cheese-boxes. 

Thompsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Pittsburg.    It  has  a  church. 

Thompsonville;  a  post-village  of  Racine  co.,  Wis., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  and  2  miles  from  Franks 
Station  of  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Thompsonville,  tSm'sgn-vIl,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe 
CO.,  Ontario,  17  miles  W.  of  Bradford.  It  has  a  saw-  and 
grist-mill,  and  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Thomson^  t5m's9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McDuffie 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  2  steam 
flour -mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  700. 

Thomson,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  111.,  in  York 
township,  li  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  oy  E.  of  Fulton,  and 
10  miles  from  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  windmills. 

Thomson,  a  post-office  of  Clark  oo.,  Ey.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Big  Sandy  Railroad. 

Thomson,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Thomson  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  River  and  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Duluth.  It 
is  also  on  the  St.  Paul  <!b  Duluth  Railroad.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  195. 

Thomson,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  Hi  miles  S.E.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Thomson,  tSm'spn,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  42  miles  from 
Truro,  and  12  miles  from  Pugwash.  It  contains  3  stores,  a 
hotel,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Thom's  Ran,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo..  Pa. 

Thones,  ton,  or  Thonex,  to^ni',  a  town  of  Savoy,  on 
the  Fier,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  1059. 

Thonk'wa,  a  district  of  British  Burmah.  Area,  5440 
•quare  miles. 

Thonon,  to^ndu*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Geneva.     Pop.  3953.     It  has  a  communal  college. 

Thor,  Le,  l^h  toR,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  8  miles  B.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  1667. 

Thorda,  toR'di,  or  Thorenburg,  to'r^n-bSSRO^  (Hun. 
Tarda  or  Thorda,  tOR'dSh),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  capi- 
tal of  a  county,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop.  8803. 
Near  it  are_extensive  salt-mines  and  the  ruins  of  the  Ro- 
man fortress  Salinee. 

Thorens,  to^r6N»',  a  town  of  Savoy,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Annecy.     Pop.  of  commune,  2574. 

Thorigny,  a  town  of  France.    See  Toriony. 

Thorn,  tonn,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  52  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Marienwerder,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Vistula,  in  lat. 
53°  N.,  Ion.  3°  33'  E.  Pop.  18,631.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
strength,  surrounded  by  walls  and  bastions,  and  defended 
by  forts.  It  is  entered  by  4  gates,  and  consists  of  an  old 
and  a  new  town.  It  has  a  court  of  law,  and  several  public 
offices,  5  churches,  one  of  them  containing  a  statue  of  Co- 
pernicus, who  was  bom  here  in  1473,  a  gymnasium,  a 
nunnery,  several  schools,  4  hospitals,  a  workhouse,  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen  cloth,  hats,  and  soap,  some 
•hipping,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  wood,  linen,  hides,  bark,  Ac. 

Thorn,  tORn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  1361. 

Thorn'apple,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.   P.  2005. 

Thornapple  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Baton  oo.,  and 
runs  westward  to  Barry  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  finally 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Grand  River  in  Kent  co., 
about  10  miles  B.S.B.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long. 

Thornapple  River,  a  small  stream  of  Chippewa  co.. 
Wis.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Cnippewa. 

rhorn'burg,  a  post-office  of  Knox  oo.,  Tenn. 

Thornbarg,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
»bout  50  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 


Thorn'bnry,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  in 
Berkeley  Vale,  3i  miles  E.  of  the  estuary  of  the  Severn,  and 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Bristol.  Pop.  1630.  It  has  an  elegant 
church,  dissenting  chapels,  endowed  schools,  almshouses, 
and  the  remains  of  a  magnificent  palatial  castle. 

Thorn'bnry,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  Railroad.     Pop.  235. 

Thorn'bnry,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop.  990. 

Thorn'bnry,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Grey,  at 
the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  in  Nottawasaga  Bay,  Lake 
Huron,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Colling- 
wood.  It  has  good  water-power,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  5  or  6  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Thorn'combe,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Axminster.     Pop.  of  parish,  1198. 

Thorn  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Nez  Perces  co.,  Idaho. 

Thorn  Creek,  township,  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    P.  1343. 

Thorn'dale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Williamson 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad. 

Thorndale,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  10  miles  N.  of  London.  ^* 
contains  a  saw-mill  and  3  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Thorndale  Iron- Works,  a  post- village  in  Cain 
township,  Chesterco.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at 
Thorndale  Station,  35  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
rolling-mill  for  boiler-iron  and  plate-iron.     Pop.  about  200. 

Thom'dike,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thomdike  township, 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  about  1  mile  from  Thomdike  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  (Belfast  division), 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  730. 

Thorndike,  a  post-village  in  Palmer  township,  Hamp 
den  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Ware  River,  near  its  month,  and  on  the 
Ware  River  Railroad,  18  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Springfield,  and 
3  miles  N.  of  Palmer.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Thomdike,  or  Thorndyke,  a  post-office  and  station 
of  Cabell  co,,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
17  miles  E.  of  Huntington. 

Thorndike  Station,  a  post-offioe  of  Waldo  co..  Me., 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 

Thome,  thorn,  a  town  of  England,  co.,  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  border  of  Lincolnshire,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Goole.  Pop.  2618.  It  has  a  church,  several  chapels  and 
schools,  and  an  active  trade. 

Thome,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  729. 

Thome  Centre,  a  post- village  in  Pontiacco.,  Quebec, 
20  miles  N.  of  Bristol.     Pop.  100. 

Thorne  Town,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Washademoak  River,  26  miles  from 
Gagetown.     Pop.  150. 

Thorney,  an  island  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  6i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chichester,  between  Hayling  Island  and  the 
mainland.     It  forms  the  parish  of  West  Thorney.     P.  181. 

Thor'ney,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cambridge,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  March.     Pop.  of  parish,  2099. 

Thom'field,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co..  Mo. 

Thorn  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Thorn'hill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wakefield,  on  the  Calder.  Pop. 
5285.     Here  are  4  woollen-mills. 

Thornhill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Dumfries,  near  the  Nith,  on  the  railroad  from 
Glasgow  to  Dumfries.  Pop.  1349.  It  has  a  neat  parish 
church,  a  handsome  market-cross,  and  a  fine  museum,  with 
manufactures  of  leather,  &c. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  station  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Youngstown  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  2^  miles  N.  of 
Youngstown. 

Thornhill,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Thorn'hill,  a  post- village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Northern  Railway,  14  miles  N.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  4 
churches,  saw-  and  flonring-mills,  6  or  7  stores,  and  3  hotels. 
Pop. 600. 

Thornleigh,  thom'le,  a  post-office  of  Pettis  co..  Mo. 

Thomliebank,  thomMe-bank',  a  village  of  Scotland, 
00.  of  Renfrew,  li  miles  S.  of  Pollockshaws.     Pop.  2123. 

Thom'port,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road  (Straitsville  division).  Hi  miles  S.  of  Newark,  0. 


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Thornton^  thorn'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Thornton  town- 
ship, Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Calumet  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago  <fc  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of 
Chicago.  It  contains  a  graded  school  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  401 ;  of  the  township,  3337.  The  township  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  the 
villages  of  Dalton,  Homewood,  and  Lansing. 

Thornton,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Port 
Huron. 

Thornton,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Neb. 

Thornton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thornton  township,  Graf- 
ton CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Pemigewasset  River,  10  miles  N.  of 
Plymouth.  It  is  surrounded  by  fine  mountain-scenery  which 
attracts  many  tourists  and  artists.     Pop.  of  township,  840. 

Thornton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thornbury  township, 
Delaware  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Cheyney  Station,  and  about 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chester.     It  has  a  church. 

Thornton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Limestone  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad,  41  miles 
N.  of  Hearne. 

Thornton,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Wash- 
ington &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria. 

Thornton,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grafton. 

Thornton,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Allendale.  It  contains  a  hotel  and  3  stores. 

Thornton's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Merrimao  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River 
and  the  Concord  Railroad,  at  Thornton's  Station,  11  miles 
S.  of  Manchester,  and  6  miles  above  Nashua.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  furniture. 

Thorn'ton's  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
rises  from  the  Blue  Ridge,  near  the  W.  border  of  Rappa- 
hannock CO.,  and,  flowing  S.E.  through  Culpeper  oo.,  unites 
with  Hedgman's  River,  forming  the  North  Fork  of  the 
Rappahannock. 

Thorn'town,  township,  Blackford  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  152. 

Thorntown,  a  post-village  in  Sugar  Creek  township, 
Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar  Creek  or  Rock  River  and  the  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E. 
of  Lafayette,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  an  academy, 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  1526. 

Thorn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  South  Branch  of  Flint  River,  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Lapeer.     It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 

Thornville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Thome 
township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  1  mile  from 
Thornport  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour- 
iiill,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  about  200. 

Thoroe,  to'ro^^h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  ofiF  the  island 
of  Funen,  about  3  miles  long.  Pop.  455.  Many  vessels 
are  built  here.  On  the  coast,  in  Thoroe  Strait,  is  a  winter 
haven  for  vessels. 

Thor'old,  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Welland,  on  the 
Welland  Canal,  and  the  Welland  Railway,  4  miles  S.  of 
St.  Catharines.  It  has  extensive  flouring-mills,  saw-  and 
planing-mills,  manufactories  of  cotton,  paper,  leather,  iron 
castings,  and  agricultural  implements,  4  churches,  a  print- 
ing-office, 2  branch  banks,  and  many  stores.     Pop.  1635. 

Thorold  Station,  Ontario.     See  Merritton. 

Thoroughfare,  thur'o-fair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince 
William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Manassas  Branch  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad,  at  Thoroughfare  Gap,  in  a  ridge  called 
Bull  Run  Mountain,  40  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

Thorpe-next-Norwich,  thorp-next-nSr'ritch,  or 
Thorpe  Saint  An'drew,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  2i  miles  E.  of  Norwich,  and  within  the  city  limits. 
Pop.  2714.  Here  are  many  handsome  villas  and  the  county 
lunatic  asylum. 

Thorp's  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hood  oo.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Thorsenge,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Taasinge. 

ThorshSilla,  or  Torshsella,  toR-shfil'li,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  lasn  of  Nykoping,  on  the  river  Eskilstuna,  near 
its  mouth  in  Lake  Maelar,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Eskilstuna.  Its 
church  steeple  is  306  feet  in  height. 

Thorshavn,  tors-h5wn',  the  capital  town  of  the  Faroe 
islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Strombe,  consists 
of  about  100  wooden  huts,  with  a  hospital,  a  Latin  school, 
and  a  fortified  hai-bor. 

Thoten,  tho't§n,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Thoten,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 

ThoHarc6,  too^aR-si',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Maine-et-Loire,  14  miles  S.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1706. 


Thonar§,  too^i^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
f6rieure,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1023. 

Thouars,  too^aR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-S^vres, 
on  the  Thou6,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Parthenay.  Pop.  3468. 
It  has  a  castle  on  a  rock,  and  trade  in  grain  and  cattle. 

Thouarsais,  or  Touar8ois,too^aR^swi',  a  village  of 
France,  Vendee,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte. 

Thou6,  or  Thonet,  too'i',  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ments of  Deux-SSvres  and  Maine-et- Loire,  after  a  N.  course 
of  70  miles,  joins  the  Loire  near  Saumur.  Chief  affluent 
the  Dive,  from  the  S. 

Thoulouse,  a  city  of  France.    See  Toulouse. 

Thourout,  too'roo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges,  on  the  railway  to  Courtrai. 
Pop.  8008.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  starch,  mustard, 
and  wooden  shoes. 

Thou'sand  Island  Park,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  of  Jeflferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  island  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 12  miles  N.E.  of  Clayton.     Here  are  several  hotels. 

Thousand  Islands,  or  Thousand  Isles,  the 
most  numerous  collection  of  river-islands  in  the  world,  be- 
tween the  state  of  New  York  and  the  province  of  Ontario, 
Canada,  consist  of  about  1500  rocky  islets,  in  an  expansion 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  its  emergence  from  Lake  Ontario, 
hence  called  the  Lake  of  the  Thousand  Isles. 

Thousand  (or  Ten  Thousand)  Islands,  in  Dade 
and  Monroe  cos.,  Fla.,  a  group  of  small  well-wooded  islands 
in  Ponce  de  Leon  (or  Chatham)  Bay. 

Thrace,  or  Thracia,  a  name  which  appears  in  very 
ancient  times  to  have  been  applied  generally  to  the  almost 
unexplored  countries  in  the  S.E.  of  Europe,  was  afterwards 
employed  more  definitely  to  designate  that  portion  of  Turkey 
in  Europe  bounded  N.  by  the  Danube,  E.  by  the  Euxine  or 
Black  Sea,  S.  by  the  Propontis  or  Sea  of  Marmora  and  the 
JSgean  Sea  or  Archipelago,  and  W.  by  the  mountains  sep- 
arating it  from  Macedonia  and  Thessaly.  At  a  later  period 
it  was  used  in  a  still  more  restricted  sense,  as  nearly  iden- 
tical with  Eastern  Roumelia  and  Roumelia  proper. 

Thracica  Chersonesus,  Roumelia.   See  Gaxlipoli. 

Thraps'ton,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and 
18i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northampton,  on  the  railway  to  Peter 
borough,  and  on  the  Nen.     Pop.  1233. 

Thrasher's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Hilda. 

Thrasymenus  Lacus.    See  Lake  of  Perugia. 

Three  Bridges,  brij'iz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Raritan  River  and  the 
Easton  &  Amboy  Railroad  and  the  South  Branch  Railroad, 
4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church. 

Three  Broth'ers,  a  group  of  mountains  of  East  Aus- 
tralia, 22  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Macquarie. 

Three  Creeks,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  Ark. 

Three  Forks,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Three  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  oo.,  Tenn.,  1* 
miles  from  Lebanon. 

Three  Groves,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Plattsmouth. 

Three  Hummocks.     See  Hunter  Islands. 

Three  Kings,  or  Manawa-Tawi,  m&-n&'w&-taw' 
ee,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of 
the  North  Island  of  New  Zealand.     Lat.  34°  13'  S.;  Ion. 
172°  10'  E.     They  are  elevated,  but  have  a  barren  aspect. 

Three  Lo'custs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tully  township, 
Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  between  Galion  and  Marion. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Three  Mile,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1087. 

Three  Mile  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Lyme  township, 
Jeflferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  bay  or  inlet  of  Lake  Ontario,  and 
on  the  Rome,  Watertown  <k  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Watertown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Three  Mile  House,  a  village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  3  miles  from  Pictou.  It  contains  a  tannery  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  250. 

Three  Mile  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Hants  cu.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railway,  42  miles 
from  Halifax.    Pop.  300. 

Three  Mile  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Wasn- 
ington  CO.,  111. 

Three  Miles,  a  station  in  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Riverton. 

Three  Notch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  near 
the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  about  60  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Montgomery. 

Three  Oaks,  a  post- village  in  Three  Oaks  township, 
Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  73 
miles  E.  of  Chicago,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Niles.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  handle-fao- 
tories.     Pop.  499  ;  of  the  township,  1316. 


THR 


2615 


THU 


Three  Rivers,  a  post-village  in  Palmer  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  at  the  mouths 
of  the  Swift  and  Ware  Rivers,  and  on  the  Springfield, 
Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Springfield.  It 
contains  2  churches,  7  stores,  and  the  Palmer  Mills,  which 
make  dress-goods.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Three  Rivers,  a  post-village  in  Lockport  township, 
St.  Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  near  the 
mouths  of  the  Portage  River  and  Stony  Creek,  25  miles  S. 
of  Kalamazoo,  8  miles  N.  of  Constantine,  and  34  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Niles.  It  is  on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Air- Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national  banks,  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines,  paper,  pumps, 
ploughs,  sash,  blinds,  <t:c.  Here  are  valuable  magnetic 
springs.     Pop.  in  1880,  2525;  in  1890,  3131. 

Three  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo..  Miss. 

Three  Rivers,  or  Trois  Rivieres,  trw4  reVe-aiB', 
b  city  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  St.  Maurice,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  rivers  St.  Maurice  and  St.  Lawrence,  and 
on  the  North  Shore  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the  Three 
Rivers  Branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  90  miles  from 
Quebec,  and  90  miles  from  Montreal.  It  is  one  of  the  old- 
est towns  in  the  province,  having  been  founded  in  1618, 
and  of  late  has  become  a  prosperous  place,  principally 
owing  to  the  extensive  trade  in  lumber  which  is  carried  on 
on  the  St.  Maurice  and  its  tributaries,  and  also  by  an  in- 
crease in  the  manufacture  of  iron-wares,  for  which  the  St. 
Maurice  forges,  about  3  miles  distant  from  the  town,  are 
celebrated.  Three  Rivers  is  the  residence  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop,  and  contains  a  cathedral,  a  parish  church, 
a  church  of  England,  a  Scotch  kirk,  a  Wesleyan  chapel,  an 
Ursuline  convent,  a  college,  an  English  academy  and  sev- 
eral other  schools,  2  branch  banks,  2  printing-offices  issuing 
weekly  newspapers,  and  a  namber  of  stores.  The  chief 
trade  of  the  town  is  in  lumber,  which  is  exported  in  large 
quantities.  The  streets  of  Three  Rivers  are  lighted  with 
gas.     Pop.  of  city  (1891),  8670. 

Three  Runs,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa. 

Three  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  about 
90  miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Three  Springs,  a  post-borough  in  Clay  township, 
Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  17 ' 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mount  Union.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  189. 

Three  Square,  a  hamlet  of  Goochland  oo.,  Va.,  li 
miles  from  the  James  River  &  Kanawha  Canal. 

Three  Tuns,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  about 
T2  miles  S.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Three  Tuns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
2i  miles  from  Ambler  Station,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  has  a  store  and  a  hotel. 

Throck'morton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Brazos  River,  which  runs  through  the  N.E.  part,  and 
the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos,  which  fork  intersects  the  S. 

fart  of  the  county.  Capital,  Throckmorton.  Pop.  in  1880, 
11  ,•  in  1890,  902. 

Throckmorton,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Throck- 
morton CO.,  Tex.,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Albany.     POp.  260. 

Throg»s  Neck,  or  Throg's  Point,  a  cape  extend- 
ing into  Long  Island  Sound,  in  the  county  and  township  of 
Westchester,  N.Y.,  17  miles  N.E.  of  New  York.  Here  is 
Fort  Schuyler ;  also  a  light-house. 

I'hrondheim,  trSnd'hime,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail 
CO.,  Minn. 

Throop,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.T.     Pop.  1302. 

Throop,  a  station  in  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern 
Central  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

Throops'viile,  or  Throop'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Throop  township,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Owasoo  Outlet, 
about  1  mile  from  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  and  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Thrus'ton,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  oo.,  Va. 

Thsieoo-Shan,  or  Thsieou-Chanjthsee'oo'shin', 
Ik  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Shen-See,  lat.  32°  12'  N., 
Ion.  109°  32'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Thsoongling,  Thsonngling,  or  Thsuugling, 
tsoongMing',  mountains  of  Chinese  Tartary. 

Thua-Thien,  a  city  of  Annam.    See  Hui. 

Thueyts,  tii^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Arddche,  arron- 
lissement  of  Largenti^re. 

Thnillies,  tweePyee'  or  tii-eePyee',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Hainaut,  on  the  Biemele,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mons. 

Thuin,  tU^^N"',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 


Sambre,  9  miles   S.W.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  4059.     It  hitf 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Thnir,  tweeR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr4n6e8-Orieii- 
tales,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan.     Pop.  2303. 

Thnm,  toom,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  2949.     It  has  manufactures  of  lace. 

Thuu,  toon,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  16  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Aar,  1  mile  W.N.W.  of  the  Lake  of 
Thun.  Pop.  4623.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  and  has  a  vener- 
able church,  a  feudal  castle  700  years  old,  a  town  hall,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  stuffs.  Being  the  principal  starting- 
place  for  travellers  in  the  Oberland,  it  is  thronged  in  sum- 
mer with  visitors.     See  Lake  of  Thun. 

Thun'der  Bay,  Michigan,  extends  from  Lake  Huron 
into  Alpena  co.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide. 

Thunder  Bay  River  drains  part  of  Montmorency 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Alpena  co.,  and  enters  Thunder 
Bay  at  the  village  of  Alpena. 

Thun'derbolt*  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Chat- 
ham CO.,  Ga.,  on  Thunderbolt  River,  3  miles  by  horse-rail- 
way from  Savannah. 

Thun'der  Butte,  bute,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Front  Range,  in  lat.  39°  10'  30"  N.,  Ion.  105°  11'  58"  W. 
Altitude,  about  9500  feet. 

Thun'nesar,  or  Than'eswar,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  40  miles  S.  of  Umballah.     Pop.  7929. 

Thur,  tooR,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  St.  Gall, 
Thurgau,  and  Zurich,  after  a  N.  and  W.  course  of  70  miles, 
joins  the  Rhine  7i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Schaflfhausen.  Affluents, 
the  Sitter  and  the  Murg. 

Thur,  India,     See  Thurb. 

Thuret,  tii^ri',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Puy- 
de-D6me,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Riom.     Pop.  2154. 

Thurgau,  tooR'g5w  (Fr.  Thurgovie,  tiiR^goVee'),  called 
also  Thurgo'via,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  in  its  N.E. 
part,  having  N.  the  Lake  of  Constance,  the  Unter-See,  and 
the  Rhine,  separating  it  from  Baden,  and  on  the  other  sides 
the  cantons  of  St.  Gall,  Zurich,  and  Schaffhausen.  Area, 
270  square  miles.  Pop.  95,074,  of  whom  four-fifths  are 
Protestants.  The  sui. ice  is  undulating  and  fertile.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Thur,  the  Sitter,  and  the  Murg.  Agricul- 
ture and  spinning  and  weaving  are  the  chief  occupations  of 
the  inhabitants.  Principal  towns,  Frauenfeld,  the  capital, 
Bischofszell,  Arbon,  and  Steckborn. 

Thuria,  thu're-a,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  in  the  Mo- 
rea,  the  remains  of  which,  now  called  Palasocastro,  govern- 
ment of  Messenia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamata,  comprise 
considerable  traces  of  cyolopean  architecture. 

Thuringia,  thu-rin'je-a  (Ger.  ThUringen,  tii'ring-§n), 
the  name  of  an  extensive  tract  in  the  central  part  of  Ger- 
many, watered  by  the  rivers  Saale  and  Werra,  and  including 
the  Thuringian  Forest.  Its  limits  have  varied  at  different 
times,  and  the  name  is  now  but  little  used,  the  original 
Thuringia  having  become  incorporated  with  the  territorial 

of  different  states.     Its  capital  was  Erfurt. ^Ac^.  Tho- 

RIKGIAN,  thoo-rin'je-an. 

Thnrin'gian  Forest  (Ger.  ThUringerxoald,  tii'ring- 
fr-'^ilt^),  a  mountain-range  of  Central  Germany,  in  the 
Saxon  duchies,  extends  from  the  Frankenwald  N.W.  along 
the  right  bank  of  the  Werra,  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
Horsel,  near  Eisenach,  a  distance  of  about  60  miles.  Its 
culminating  points,  situated  to  the  W.  of  Ilmenau,  are  the 
Beerberg  and  the  Schneekopf,  which  have  each  a  height 
of  about  3286  feet.  The  mountains  are  composed  chiefly 
of  porphyry,  granite,  and  clay -slate,  and  are  clothed  chiefly 
with  pine.  The  minerals  include  iron,  copper,  lead,  cobalt, 
&c.  The  drainage  is  shared  by  tributaries  of  the  Elbe,  the 
Main,  and  the  Weser. 

Thiiringische  Saale,  Bavaria.    See  Saale. 

Thurles,  thurlz,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir,  and  on  the  Great  Southern 
&  Western  Railway.  Pop.  6008.  It  has  a  chapel,  the  ruins 
of  ecclesiastical  and  castellated  edifices,  an  episcopal  palace, 
college,  and  school,  2  nunneries,  a  court-house,  bridewell, 
barracks,  2  banks,  and  an  extensive  retail  trade. 

Thurlow,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.     See  Sottth  Chester. 

Thurlow,  thfir'lo  (formerly  Snow  Village),  a  post- 
village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles  N.  of  Belleville. 
Pop.  120. 

Thur'man,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Thurman,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Thurman,  a  mining  post- village  of  Newton  co..  Mo., 
on  a  railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Neosho.  It  has  lead-minet 
and  2  stores. 

Thurman,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thurman  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  36  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     The  township  is 


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bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1084. 

Thurman,  Gallia  oo.,  Ohio.    See  Centbbvillb. 

Thurman's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  flour-mill  of  Ada 
00.,  Idaho. 

Thurnan,  tooR'nSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
oonia,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1249. 

Thurr,  t'hQr  or  tfir,  or  In'dian  Des'ert,  a  region 
occupying  the  W.  part  of  India,  between  lat.  24°  30'  and 
80°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  and  76°  E.,  extending  from  the  Runn 
of  Cutch  to  Punjab  and  the  Sutlej.  It  is  a  succession  of 
sand-hills,  interspersed  with  valleys  from  2  to  3  miles  in 
breadth,  and  on  which  scanty  crops  of  grain  are  raised.  It 
comprises  the  dominions  of  Jessulmeer,  Joodpoor,  Bicka- 
neer,  &o.,  and  is  permanently  inhabited  by  Rajpoots  and 
Bheels,  besides  a  number  of  wandering  tribes. 

Thurr  and  Farkur,  a  district  of  India,  in  Sinde, 
bounded  S.  by  the  Runn  of  Cutch.  Area,  12,729  square 
miles.     Chief  town,  Amerkote.     Pop.  180,761. 

Thur'so,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness, 
on  Thurso  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Thurso  Water,  21  miles 
N.W.  of  Wick.  Pop.  3622.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a 
new  town,  and  has  3  churches,  3  chapels,  3  branch  banks, 
a  masonic  lodge,  public  ball-room,  banks,  manufactures  of 
linen  and  woollen  goods,  straw  plait,  leather,  and  netting, 
thriving  fisheries,  and  exports  of  corn. 

Thur'sO)  a  river-port  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Ottawa,  on  the 
Ottawa  River,  29  miles  below  Ottawa.  It  contains  4  or  5 
stores,  and  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  700. 

Thurs'toil)  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  768  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Paget  Sound,  which  is  navigable  for  large  ships, 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Nesqually  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Chehalis  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  noble  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  wool,  potatoes,  lumber,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  The  pine  and  fir  trees  here  grow  to  a 
great  size.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Northerp  Pacific  Rail- 
road and  the  Port  Townsend  Southern  Railroad.  Capital, 
Olympia,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2246;  in  1880,  3270  ;  in  1890,  9675. 

Thurzofalva,  tooR'zo'f5rv5h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  borders  of  Galicia,  with  mineral 
springs.     Pop.  6933. 

Thusis,  tU'sis,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Gri- 
•ons,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chur.     Pop.  986. 

Thyatira,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ak-Hissar. 

Thyrsus )  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  TiRSi. 

Tiahuanuco,  te-&-w&-noo'ko,  or  Tiaguanuco,  te- 
&-gw&-noo'ko,  a  village  of  Bolivia,  department  and  38  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Paz,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca.  It 
is  now  nearly  deserted,  but  is  remarkable  for  the  ruins  and 
gigantic  monuments  that  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Tia  Juana,  te'k  wk'nk,  post-office,  San  Diego  oo.,  CaU 

Tiasha,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Tesba. 

Tiashoke,  ti'a-shok,  a  post-office  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  20^  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Troy. 

Tibagi,  te-bS,-zhee',  a  river  of  Braiil,  state  of  SIo 
Paulo,  joins  the  Paranapaneme  after  a  N.W.  course  of  200 
miles,  for  the  most  part  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Tib'bee  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  on 
Oktibbeha  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5i 
miles  S.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church  and  a  school. 

Tib^boo'  (or  Tibbon,  tib^boo')  Country,  a  region 
of  Central  Africa,  comprising  a  great  part  of  the  Sahara 
S.E.  of  Fezzan  and  between  that  country  and  Lake  Chad. 
It  is  named  from  its  people,  called  Tibboos,  or  Tebu. 

Tiber,  ti'b^r  (anc.  Ti'heria,  Ti'bris,  or  Ty'hria ;  It. 
Tevere,  ti'vi-ri),  a  celebrated  river  of  Central  Italy,  rises 
in  the  Tuscan  Apennines,  5  miles  N.  of  Pieve  Santo-Ste- 
fano,  and  flows  S.S.E.  within  20  miles  of  Rome,  where 
it  turns  S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  185  miles,  enters 
the  Mediterranean,  17  miles  below  Rome,  by  two  mouths, 
which  enclose  a  small  delta,  the  ancient  In'eula  Sa'cra 
(now  laola  Sacra,  ee'so-li  sl'krS,).  It  is  navigable  at 
certain  seasons  as  far  as  the  confluence  of  the  Nera,  30 
miles  N.  of  Rome.  Principal  tributaries,  the  Topino,  the 
Nera  (anc.  Nar),  and  the  Teverone  (anc.  Anio),  from  the 
E.;  and  the  Nestore,  the  Chiana,  and  the  Nepi,  from  the 
W.  Its  banks  are  not  picturesque ;  and  the  stream,  usually 
sluggish,  is  rapid  in  spring,  and  brings  down  with  it  a  col- 
3red,  muddy  deposit,  which  caused  it  anciently  to  be  termed 
the  "  yellow  Tiber."     At  Rome  it  is  about  300  feet  across. 

Tiberias,  Palestine.     See  Tabareeyeh. 

Tiberinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Citta  de  Castello. 

Tibesa,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  TiPSA. 


Tibesti,  or  Tibesty,  tee^bfisHee',  a  subdivision  of  the 
Tibboo  country,  in  Africa. 

Tibet,  Asia.    See  Thibet. 

•Tibet,  Little,  Central  Asia.    See  Ladakh. 

Tibi,  te-Bce',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  river  Ibi.     Pop.  1533. 

Tibiquari,  a  river  of  Paraguay.     See  Tebiquart 

Tibiscns,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Theiss. 

Tiblow,  tib'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kan- 
sas Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Tibore,  te-bor'  (?),  a  native  state  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Pangansane,  once 
a  famed  robber-nest. 

Tibur,  the  ancient  name  of  Tivoli. 

Tibnron,  te-BOO-ron'  ("Shark"  Island),  an  island  lii 
the  Gulf  of  California.  Lat.  29°  N.;  Ion.  112°  26'  W. 
Length,  30  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Near  its  N. 
shore  is  a  pearl-bank. 

Tibnron,  te-soo-rSn',  a  maritime  town  of  Hayti,  at  ito 
S.W.  extremity,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aux  Cayes. 

Tibnron,  Cape,  in  Hayti.    See  Cape  Tiburon. 

Tica,  a  village  of  Peru.     See  Pabellon  de  Pica. 

Ticao,  te-k4'o,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  oflf  the 
S.E.  point  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  between  it  and  the  island 
of  Masbate,  lat.  (N.  point)  12°  41'  N.,  Ion.  123°  39'  E., 
about  28  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad. 

Ticcary,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Tikaree. 

Tichau,  tiK'dw,  or  Tychnw,  tis'ddv,  a  village  of 
Prussia,  province  of  Silesia,  government  and  60  miles  S.E. 
of  Oppeln.     Pop.  3387. 

Tich'enor's,  a  station  in  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Owensborough  A  Nashville  Railroad,  IS  miles  S.  of  Owens- 
borough. 

Tich'field-  (or  Titch'field)  with-Crof  ton,  a 
town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  2i  miles  W.  of 
Fareham,  on  a  small  stream  flowing  into  Southampton 
Water,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a  navigable  canal, 
at  the  mouth  of  which  is  a  small  roadstead.  Pop.  4369. 
The  town  has  a  spacious  church,  formerly  a  part  of  an 
abbey  in  which  Henry  VI.  espoused  Margaret  of  Anjou. 
Close  to  the  town  are  the  ruins  of  Tiohfield  House,  in  which 
Charles  I.  was  concealed  after  his  escape  from  Hampton 
Court  in  1647. 

Tichvin,  or  Tichwin,  Russia.    See  Tikhvin. 

Tichwinka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Tikhvinka. 

Ticinetto,te-che-nfit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Casale.     Pop.  1519. 

Ticino,te-ohee'no  (Fr.  7'es«t«,  tfis'eis"' ;  anc.  Tici'nua), 
a  river  of  Switzerland  and  Piedmont,  rises  on  the  S.  de- 
clivity of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  flows  S.E.,  and,  having  trav- 
ersed Lago  Maggiore,  and  subsequently  formed  the  bound- 
ary between  Lombardy  and  Piedmont,  joins  the  Po  on  the 
left,  3i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pavia.  Total  course,  125  miles. 
It  is  navigable  from  Lago  Maggiore.  In  its  lower  part  it 
forms  many  islands  and  supplies  the  Canal  of  Naviglio 
Grande. 

Ticino  (Fr.  Tesaiu),  improperly  written  Tesino  or 
Tecino,  the  southernmost  canton  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Italian  side  of  the  Alps,  which  separate  it  from  the  cantons 
of  Uri  and  Grisons,  having  S.  and  E.  Italy,  Grisons,  and 
the  Val  di  Misocco,  and  S.  and  W.  Piedmont.  Area,  1037 
square  miles.  Pop.  121,768,  all  Roman  Catholics,  and 
mostly  speaking  Italian.  It  is  wholly  drained  by  the 
Ticino  and  its  tributaries.  Its  S.  part  comprises  the  larger 
portion  of  the  Lago  di  Lugano,  with  the  N.  extremity  of 
Lago  Maggiore.  The  climate  and  products  are  similar  to 
those  of  North  Italy.  The  principal  crops  are  wheat,  maize, 
rye,  chestnuts,  wine,  and  silk;  cheese,  calves,  sheep,  and 
hogs  are  exported.  Timber  is  plentiful,  but  of  little  com- 
mercial value.  The  manufactures  are  insignificant;  the 
transit  trade  between  Italy  and  Switzerland  is  considerable. 
This  canton  has  3  capitals, — namely,  Lugano,  Bellinzona, 
and  Locarno. 

Ticinum,  an  ancient  name  of  Pavia. 

Tick'faw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tangipahoa  parish.  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  about 
66  miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  church. 

Tick'faw  River,  of  Louisiana,  rises  near  the  N. 
border  of  St.  Helena  parish,  and  flows  S.  through  Livings- 
ton parish  into  Lake  Maurepas. 

Tick'hill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Rid- 
ing,  7  miles  S.  of  Doncaster.     Pop.  of  parish,  1920. 

"Tick^inacre'van,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co 
of  Antrim,  comprising  the  town  of  Glenarm. 

Tick  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ticonderoga,  ti'kon-d^r-o'ga,  a  post-village  in  Ti 


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oondflroga  township,  Essex  oo.,  N.T.,  on  tud  New  York  & 
Canada  Railroad,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  out- 
let of  Lake  George,  24  miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  and  100 
miles  N.  of  Albany.  Many  tourists  come  by  railroad  to 
this  place,  where  they  take  passage  on  the  fine  steamboats 
whion  navigate  the  lake.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4 
ehurches,  manufactures  of  lumber,  leather,  cotton,  woollea 
goods,  &o.  The  outlet  of  Lake  George  here  falls  30  feet  and 
affords  good  water-power.  This  village  is  2  or  3  miles  from 
the  old  Fort  Ticonderoga.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3401. 

TiconiCy  ti-kSn'Ik,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Ticonic,  a  former  name  of  Watbrville,  Me. 

Ticoo  (tee^koo')  Islands,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
are  3  in  number,  in  about  lat.  0°  23'  S.,  Ion.  99°  60'  E. 

Ticopia,  South  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Tucovia. 

Ticul,  te-kool',  a  town  of  Yucatan,  44  miles  S.  of  Me- 
rida.  It  is  large,  and  interspersed  with  gardens.  It  has 
a  fine  square,  in  which  is  a  domed  church,  a  convent,  and 
manufactures  of  earthenwares,  and  of  hats  for  exportation. 
Most  of  its  inhabitants  are  mestizos.  Near  it  are  the  ruins 
and  extensive  mounds  and  sepulchral  caverns  of  lohmul. 

Ti'dal  Wave,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Tid&n,  tid'on,  a  river  of  Sweden,  issues  from  the  N. 
extremity  of  a  lake  on  the  frontier  of  the  Isen  of  Jonko- 

Sing,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  the  town  of  that  name,  flows 
r.,  then  W.,  expanding  into  Lake  Osten,  and,  after  a  wind- 
ing course  of  nearly  80  miles,  falls  into  the  E.  side  of  Lake 
Wener  near  Mariestad. 

Tideswell,  tidz'wel,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  29 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Derby.  Pop.  1905.  It  has  a  handsome 
ehurch,  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  and  other  schools. 

Tide'water,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon. 

Tidioute,  tid-e-oot',  a  post-borough  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the 
Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of 
Oil  City,  and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Warren.  It  has  6  churches, 
2  savings-banks,  and  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  daily 
and  a  weekly  newspaper ;  also  lumber-mills  and  oil-wells. 
A  fine  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.     Pop.  1638. 

Tid'nish,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, on  Bale  Yerte,  21  miles  from  Amherst.     Pop.  300. 

Tidnish  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Shediac.     Pop.  160. 

Tidor,  or  Tidore,  te-dSr',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  Dutch,  W.  of  the  island  of 
Gilolo,  and  S.  of  Ternate,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a 
channel  affording  good  anchorage.  Lat.  0°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
127°  25'  E.  Circumference,  18  miles.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  with  a  volcano;  it  is  densely  wooded,  and 

f  reductive  in  spices.  The  inhabitants  are  Mohammedans, 
t  was  discovered  by  Magellan,  and  successively  belonged 
to  the  Spaniards,  the  Portuguese,  and  finally  the  Dutch,  who 
share  its  government  with  a  native  sultan. 

Tiedra-Vieja,  te-i'Dri-ve-i'ai,  a  town  of  Spain, 
pjovince  of  Valladolid,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Toro.     Pop.  2660. 

Tiefenort,  tee'f^n-oKO,  a  village  of  Saxe-Weimar,  S.W. 
of  Eisenach,  on  the  Werra.     Pop.  1302. 

Tiegenliof,  tee'gh^n-hSf  \  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Dantzio,  on  the  Tiege.     Pop.  2441. 

Tiel,  Netherlands.     See  Thiel. 

Tiel,  Switzerland.    See  Thiele. 

Tien,  te-Sn',  a  prefixed  name  of  many  towns  of  China, 
mostly  in  the  southern  provinces. 

Tiene,  tee'n^h,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Vicenza.  Pop.  4859.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  hats,  and  linens. 

Tienen,  a  Flemish  name  of  Tirlehont. 

Tien-Pe,  te-£n^p&',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  on  the  coast  of  the  China  Sea,  74  miles  N.E. 
of  Looee-Choo,  lat.  21°  29'  N.  Its  harbor  is  defended  by 
several  forts. 

Tien^Tsin,  te-5nHseen',  a  city  and  treaty-port  of 
China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  and  the  port  of  Peking, 
from  which  capital  it  is  nearly  70  miles  S.E.,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Yuen-Ling  and  the  Peking  River.  It  is  a 
great  entrepdt  for  salt ;  it  also  imports  grain,  woollen  stuffs, 
and  furs  in  large  quantities. 

Tiermas,  te-GR'mis  (anc.  Ther'mse),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  65  miles  N.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Aragon,  with 
numerous  hot  springs,  whence  its  name. 

Tierra  Amanita,  te-iR'R&  &-m&-reel'y&,  a  post- 
office  and  settlement  of  Rio  Arriba  oo.,  New  Mexico,  110 
miles  N.W.  of  Santa  F6,  7800  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Tierra  Austral  del  Espiritu  Santo,  te-dR'R& 
5ws-tr8,l'  dAl  4s-pee're-too  sin'to,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  the  largest  and  westernmost  of  the  New  Hebrides. 
See  New  Hebrides. 
165 


Tierra-Bomba,  te-iR'R&-bom'b&,  an  island  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  protects  the  harbor  of  Carthagena,  from  which 
city  it  is  10  miles  W. 

Tierra  del  Fuego.    See  Terra  del  FuEeo. 

Tierra  Santa,  the  Spanish  name  of  Palebtutb. 

Tiesi,  te-&'see,  or  Tiezi,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  3201. 

Tie  Siding,  ti  sid'ing,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Al- 
bany' CO.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Sherman. 

Tietar,  te-i-taR',  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  New  Cas- 
tile, province  of  Avila,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Tagus 
in  Estremadura.     Total  coarse,  90  miles. 

Tiete,  te-&'t&,  Anhemby,  or  Anhembi,  &n-yim'- 
bee,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo,  after  a  W. 
course  of  600  miles,  joins  the  Parani  near  lat.  20°  46'  S., 
Ion.  52°  W.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Pipira,  Pira- 
cicaba,  and  Jundiahi.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by 
numerous  cataracts. 

Tietz,  teets,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Deutsch-Krone.     Pop.  1000. 

Tietzville,  tits'vll,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Falmouth.  It  has  2 
tobacco-warehouses. 

Tieville,  ti'vil,  a  post-office  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa. 

Tiezi,  a  town  of  Sardinia.    See  Tiesi. 

Tifech,  or  Tifesh,  tee^fdsh',  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov- 
ince and  70  miles  E.  of  Constantino. 

Tiferno,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Biferko. 

Tiffany,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.    Pop.  245. 

Tiffany,  Rock  co..  Wis.    See  Shopiere. 

Tiffauges,  tirfSzh',  a  commune  and  town  of  France, 
in  Vendee,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mortagne. 

Tiff  City,  a  post-office  of  McDonald  co..  Mo. 

Tiffin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Iowa  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tiffin,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo. 

Tiffin,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1858. 

Tiffin,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.     Pop.  1080. 

Tiffin,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Seneca  oo.,  0.,  is  situated 
on  the  Sandusky  River,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  'Toledo,  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Sandusky,  and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It 
is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  also 
on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road. It  is  built  on  level  ground,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and 
contains  13  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  an 
Ursuline  convent,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Tiffin  is  the  seat  of  Heidelberg  College  (Reformed), 
which  was  organized  in  1850  and  has  a  library  of  600U 
volumes.  It  contains  manufactures  of  carriages,  agricul- 
tural implements,  churns,  stoves,  woollen  goods,  shoes,  and 
sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1880,  7879  ;  in  1890,  10,801. 

Tiffin  River,  Michigan.    See  Bean  Creek. 

Tiflis,  tif'lis^  or  Tef  lis  (native  pron.  tif-leess'  or 
tef-leess'),  the  capital  city  of  Georgia,  of  the  government 
of  Tiflis,  and  of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  on  the  Koor.  Lat. 
40°  41'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  44°  50'  30"  E.  Pop.  1 04,024.  It  stands 
in  a  narrow  valley,  and  is  defended  oy  walls  tuid  several 
forts.  The  old  quarter,  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  com- 
prises numerous  Armenian  churches  and  large  caravan- 
saries; it  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  an  Armenian  population, 
and  is  the  principal  seat  of  trade.  The  upper  town,  or 
Russian  quarter,  has  broad  streets  and  open  squares,  the 
government  offices,  military  quarters,  <fcc.,  and  presents  to 
the  other  quarter  all  the  contrasts  of  a  European  town. 
The  Armenian  cathedral  is  a  striking  edifice.  Tiflis  has  also 
several  mosques,  a  Protestant  chapel,  French  and  German 
hotels,  elegant  shops,  and  a  hot-bath  establishment.  The 
Russians  have  established  various  schools  in  the  city. 

Tiflis,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia, 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  crest  of  the  Caucasus,  and  occupying 
the  central  part  of  the  former  kingdom  of  Georgia.  Area, 
15,613  square  miles.     Capital,  Tiflis.     Pop.  606,584. 

Tif  ton,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Tigaria,  te-g&'re-&,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Orissa. 
Lat.  of  Tigaria,  its  capital,  20°  28'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  84°  33'  E. 
Total  area,  46  square  miles.  It  is  well  cultivated  and  fer> 
tile.     Pop.  16,420. 

Tiger,  ti'gh^r,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga. 

Tiger  Island,  an  islet  in  the  Canton  River,  China, 
N.  of  Tycocktow  Island,  in  the  Boca  Tigris.  It  is  situated 
on  a  lofty  rock,  on  which  is  a  formidable  battery. 


TIG 


2618 


TIL 


Tiger  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Austin.    Here  is  a  steam  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Tiger  RiTer,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Greenville  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Spartanburg  co.,  and  enters 
Broad  River  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Union  co.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Tiger's  Fork,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo..  Mo.    P.  855. 

Tigerton,  ti'gh9r-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railway, 
35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  New  London. 

Ti'gerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Terre  Bonne  parish.  La., 
on  Black  Bayou,  and  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  E.  of  Morgan  City.     It  ha«  3  churches. 

Tigil,  te-ghil',  or  Tighilsk,  te-ghilsk',  a  fortified 
town  of  Kamchatka,  near  its  W.  coast,  on  the  Tigil,  near 
the  Gulf  of  Penjinsk.     Lat.  58°  N. ;  Ion.  158°  15'  E. 

Tigliole,  teel-yo'li,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2652. 

Tiguale,  teen-y4'li,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  heights  which  flank  the 
W.  side  of  the  Lago  di  Garda.     Pop.  1153. 

Tignes,  teen,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  about  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Maurice,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Is^re. 

Tig'nish,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  at  the  northern  ter- 
minus of  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  12  miles  from 
Alberton.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  fishing-sta- 
tions on  the  island.  It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  and 
several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Tigranocerta,  Armenia.    See  Sert. 

Tigr6,tee^gr&',  one  of  the  three  principal  states  of  Abys- 
sinia, between  lat.  11°  and  17°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  37°  and  41" 
E.,  having  N.E.  the  Dankali  country,  S.W.  Amhara,  and 
on  other  sides  various  Galla  territories.  The  surface  is 
mostly  mountainous,  and  here  are  the  sources  of  the  Taoazze 
and  Mareb  Rivers.  The  principal  towns  are  Antalo,  Axoom, 
Adowa,  and  Dix-An.  The  chief  outlet  for  its  produce  is 
Arkeeko,  on  the  Red  Sea.     See  Abyssinia. 

Tigre,  tee'gri,  or  Peque&a,  pa-k&n'y&,  a  river  of 
Ecuador,  joins  the  Amazon  40  miles  W.  of  the  influx  of  the 
Uoayale,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  350  miles. 

Ti'gris,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises  near  Arghana- 
Maden,  flows  S.E.,  and  at  Korna  joins  the  Euphrates  to 
form  the  Shat-el-Arab.  Total  course,  estimated  at  1150 
miles.  At  Bagdad  the  Tigris  and  the  Euphrates  approach 
within  30  miles  of  each  other,  and  hold  a  parallel  course  for 
^  about  80  miles,  when  they  diverge,  being  distant  from  80  to 
100  miles  fh)m  each  other,  till  they  unite  at  Korna.  The 
region  between  the  Tigris  and  the  Euphrates  is  the  ancient 
Mesopotamia.  The  principal  afSuents  of  the  Tigris  are 
the  Zab  and  Zab  Asfal,  Khaboor,  and  Diala,  all  from  the 
N.E.  Below  Diarbekir  it  contains  several  islands.  Its 
banks,  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  are  thinly  peopled ; 
but  the  pasture-grounds  are  rich  and  well  suited  for  the 
nomadic  tribes  which  occasionally  visit  them.  For  about 
24  miles  below  Mosul  the  country  is  highly  cultivated ;  but 
between  that  and  Tekrit  all  cultivation  nearly  ceases.  A 
considerable  increase  of  the  river  takes  place  during  the 
rains  of  November;  subsequently  it  decreases,  and  swells 
irregularly  at  intervals.  It  attains  its  greatest  height  be- 
tween the  middle  and  the  end  of  May,  and  after  this  time 
it  falls  till  the  middle  of  June.  It  brings  down  vast  quan- 
tities of  deposit,  and  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course  is  very 
rapid.  The  Tigris  is  navigable  for  rafts  at  certain  seasons 
from  Diarbekir  to  Mosul,  a  distance  of  about  296  miles. 
Below  the  latter  place  it  is  more  or  less  so  throughout  the 
year,  and  the  descent  to  Bagdad  is  performed  with  great 
ease  and  speed.  Large  rafts,  supported  by  200  or  even  300 
inflated  skins,  are  much  in  use  for  the  transport  of  goods. 
Steamboat  navigation  has  been  successfully  established. 
The  ruins  of  Nineveh,  Seleucia,  Gtesiphon,  Opie,  &c.,  are  on 
Its  banks. 

Tigurium,  the  Latin  name  of  Zurich. 

Tihoa,  a  city  of  China.      See  Ooroomtsee. 

Tijara,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Alvar  state.     P.  7382. 

Tijarafe,  te-H&-r&'f4,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Palma.      Pop.  2216. 

Tiiiola,  or  Tixola,  te-Ho'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  27  miles  N.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1624. 

Tijnaca,  te-zhoo-i'k4,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  flowing 
t>ut  of  the  Japura,  and  forming  in  its  course  Lake  Amana. 

Tikan-Teppeh,  tee^kin'-tdp'pSh,  a  village  of  Persia, 
province  of  Azerbaijan,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman, 
and  the  usual  halting-place  for  caravans  between  Tabreez 
and  Hamadan. 

Tik'aree,  Tic'cary,  or  Tikari,  tik'4-re,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Gaya.     Pop.  8178. 


Tikhvesh,  tiKVfish',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Vardar,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Salonica. 

Tikhvin,  or  Tichwin,  tisVin',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Novgorod,  on  the  Tikhvinka,  108  miles  N.E. 
of  Novgorod.  Pop.  5969.  The  Canal  of  Tikhvin,  105 
miles  in  length,  unites  the  Tikhvinka  and  Sias  with  the 
Mologa  and  Volga,  and  thus  connects  Lake  Ladoga  and  the 
Baltic  with  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Tikhvinka,  or  Tichwinka,  tiK-vink'4,  a  river  of 
Russia,  issues  from  Lake  Ozerskoie,  in  the  government  of 
Novgorod,  and  joins  the  Sias  15  miles  below  the  town  of 
Tikhvin.     Total  course,  80  miles. 

Tiksa,  tik's&,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Arch- 
angel. Lat.  66°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  31°  30'  E.  Greatest  length, 
from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  16  miles.  It  contains  several  small 
islands,  and  discharges  itself  by  the  Chadra  into  Lake  Pija. 

Tiku,  te-koo',  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Off 
it  are  the  Tiku  Islands. 

Til  A'far,  til  4-faR',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  35 
miles  W.  of  Mosul,  between  the  Tigris  and  Khaboor  Rivers. 
It  consists  of  four  divisions,  situated  on  as  many  hills,  in- 
tersected by  a  large  rivulet.  It  comprises  about  1000  stone 
houses.  Pop.  mostly  Arab  and  Koord  Mohammedans,  en- 
gaged in 'rural  industry  and  in  the  manufacture  of  coarse 
cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Tilanavi.    See  Lisca-Nera. 

Tilapa,  te-l&'p&,  a  small  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  Pa- 
cific coast.     Lat.  16°  N. ;  Ion.  97°  10'  W. 

Tilavemptns,  Italy.    See  Taoliauento. 

Tilbnrg,  til'biiRa,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Breda.  Lat.  51°  33'  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  4'  E.  Pop.  31,424.  It  has  a  royal  palace,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods,  print-works,  and  breweries. 

Til'bury  East,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Chatham.  It  contains  a  steam  fiouring-mill 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Til'bury  Fort,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  op- 
posite Gravesend,  England,  is  a  large  brick  fortification, 
enclosed  by  a  moat  in  a  marshy  tract,  which  may  be  wholly 
laid  under  water.  It  was  originally  erected  by  Henry  VIII. 

Til'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Minter.     It  nas  2  churches  and  4  stores. 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Cairo  Short  Line  Railroad,  27^  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Belleville. 

Tilden,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  183. 

Tilden,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  313. 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles  W. 
of  Sebree. 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Maria- 
ville  township,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  tannery. 

Tilden,  a  township  of  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.   Pop.  494. 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  McMuUin  co.,  Tex.,  120  miles 
from  Kingsbury.     It  is  on  the  Rio  Frio, 

Tileton,  til'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Sidney. 

Tiletum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tbielt. 

Tilff,  tilf,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Liege,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ourthe.     Pop.  1494. 

Til'fordsville,  a  hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  6  mile* 
from  Caneyville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Tilghman's,  til'manz,  a  station  in  Queen  Anne  oo., 
Md.,  on  the  Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad,  10  miles  N.B. 
of  Centreville. 

Til'hur,  or  Tilhar,  til'hiir,  a  town  of  India,  in  Ro- 
hilcund,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Shahjehanpoor.  Pop.  5317. 

Till,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  rises 
S.  of  the  Cheviot  Hills,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Tweed  4i 
miles  N.E.  of  Coldstream.  Course,  30  miles.  Affluents, 
the  Beamish  and  Beaumont,  from  the  W. 

Tillamook,  til'la-mook,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Oregon,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the  E.  border  of 
this  county,  which  is  long  and  narrow.  The  surface  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  <fco.  But- 
ter, potatoes,  wool,  grass,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Tillamook.  Area,  about  1525  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1870,  408 ;  in  1880,  970 ;  in  1890,  2932. 

Tillamook,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tillamook  co., 
Oregon,  on  Tillamook  Bay,  about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Portland,  and  9  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Tillanchong,  til-14n-chong',  one  of  the  Nicobar 
Islands.  Lat.  8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  35'  E.  It  is  a  high, 
oblong,  rugged  mountain,  inhabited  only  by  such  person! 
as  have  been  banished  from  the  other  islands. 

TilUato'ba,  a  post-office  of  Yalabusha  oo.,  Miss.,  and 


TIL 


2619 


TIM 


%  itation  on  the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  of  Grenada. 

TillO)  teel,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Safine  on  the 
right,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Jean-de-Losne,  after  a  coarse 
of  about  50  miles. 

Til'ler*8  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  oo.,  B.C.,  on 
Lynoh's  Creek,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden. 

Tillicoultry,  til-e-koo'tree,  a  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Clackmannan,  on  the  Devon,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Alloa.  It  has 
a  neat  church,  branch  banks,  and  manufactures  of  shawls 
and  plaidings.     Pop.  3745. 

Till'man's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Natchez. 

Tilly-sur-Seulle8,tee*yee'-  (or  teePyee'-)  sur-suI,  a 
Tillage  of  France,  in  Calvados,  12  miles  W.  of  Caen. 

TiUoi',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  55  miles  S.B.  of 
Lnoknow.    Pop.  10,000. 

Tilsit,  til'sit,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Niemen,  here  joined  by  the  Tilse,  60  miles  N.E.  of 
ZSnigsberg.  Lat.  55°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  56'  E.  Pop.  20,251. 
It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
hosiery,  arms,  leather,  and  hardware.  It  exports  corn, 
timber,  hemp,  and  flax.  A  treaty  between  France,  Russia, 
and  Prussia  was  signed  here  on  a  raft  in  the  river,  on  the 
7th  of  July,  1807. 

Til'sonbnr§:,  or  Dereham,  a  post- village  of  Ontarito, 
00.  of  Oxford,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern 
and  Qreat  Western  Railways,  25  miles  E.  of  St.  Thomas 
West,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Port  Burwell.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  5  hotels,  45  stores,  2  saw- 
mills, 3  grist-mills,  2  iron-foundries,  2  sash-  and  door- fac- 
tories, and  2  carriage-factories,  Ac.  Lumbering  is  the 
principal  business.     Pop.  1700. 

Til'8on*8  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bland  oo.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rural  Retreat.     It  has  an  academy. 

Tilt  Cove,  a  village  on  West  Bay,  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  230  miles  from  St. 
John's  (by  steamer).  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  noted 
for  its  mines,  said  to  be  the  richest  and  most  productive 
oopper-mines  in  the  world.  Operations  have  been  carried 
on  at  the  mines  since  1865.  A  vein  of  nickel  is  also  worked 
here.     Pop.  770. 

Til'ton,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Oostenaula  River  and  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Dalton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Tilton,  a  station  of  Illinois.    See  Tilton  Jttnctiow. 

Tilton,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Tilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ey.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Maysville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tilton  (formerly  San'bornton  Bridge),  a  post- 
village  in  Tilton  township,  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Win- 
nepesaukee  River  and  the  Boston,  Concord  <k  Montreal 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Concord,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  La- 
oonia.  It  contains  the  New  Hampshire  Conference  Semi- 
nary and  Female  College  (Methodist),  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  woollen-factory,  and  several  other 
factories  and  mills.  The  township  presents  interesting 
scenery.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880, 1282 ;  in  1890, 1621. 

Tilton  Harbor,  a  settlement  on  the  E.  side  of  Fogo 
Island,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Fogo.     Pop.  390. 

Tilton  Junction,  a  station  in  Vermilion  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  2 
or  3  miles  S.  of  Danville.  The  station  of  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road is  called  Tilton. 

Tilton's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston. 

Til'tonsTille,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  co.,  0.,  on  or 
near  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  about  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Stenbenville. 

Tim,  teem,  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Yeniseisk 
and  Tomsk,  joins  the  Obi  near  Timsk,  90  miles  N.W.  of 
Narym,  after  a  westward  course  of  250  miles. 

Tim,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  38  miles  E.  of 
Koorsk,  on  the  Oskol.     Pop.  3860. 

Timachus,  the  ancient  name  of  Tiuok. 

Timana,  te-m&-n&'  (?),  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, department  of  Cundinamarca,  82  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Neyva,  on  the  Upper  Magdalena. 

Timan  Mountains.    See  Ural  Mountains. 

Timarn,  te-m&'roo,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Zealand,  on 
the  S.E.  coast  of  South  Island,  at  a  railway  junction,  about 
90  miles  S.W.  of  Christohurch.  It  has  a  public  hospital. 
Pop.  5000. 

Timbali«r  (tim-b^leer')  Bay,  of  Louisiana,  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  Bayou  La  Fourche,  is  partially  separated 


from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  long  and  narrow  islands.  Near 
the  E.  end  of  Timbalier  Island  stands  a  light-house  of  iron, 
111  feet  high. 

Tim'ber,  a  township  of  Peoria  co..  111.    Pop.  1707. 

Timber  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 
Timber  is  shipped  here. 

Timber  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Gloucester  co., 
N.J.,  falls  into  the  Delaware  below  Gloucester. 

Timber  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  S.  boundary  of  Timber  Creek  township,  8  miles  8.  of 
Marshalltown.     Pop.  of  the  township,  725. 

Timber  Grove,  a  station  in  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  16i  miles  N.W.  of  the 
Union  Depot,  Baltimore. 

Timber  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  co..  Col. 

Timber  Hill,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  968.     It  contains  Mapleton. 

Timber  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Osage  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Parsons. 

Timber  Riage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Knoxville.  It  haa  2  churches 
near  it. 

Timber  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Tim'berville,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  oo..  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Fremont. 

Timberville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Miami  <fc  Erie  Canal,  15  miles  N.  of  Delphos.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Timberville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  about  150. 

Timbo,  Timboo,  or  Timbon.    See  Tbemboo. 

Tim^buc'too,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  is  near 
the  Yuba  River,  IS  miles  B.  of  Marysville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Timbuc'too,  Tombuc'too,  or  Tombooc'to, 
written  also  Tombuktu  and  Ten  Boctoo,  a  town  of 
Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  near  the  border  of  the  Desert  of 
Sahara,  8  miles  N.  of  the  Joliba  (Niger).  Lat.  18°  4'  N. ; 
Ion.  1°  45'  W.  Permanent  pop.  about  12,000,  principally 
negroes,  with  some  Moors.  It  is  a  very  poor  town,  in  a 
wretched  country,  situated  amid  burning  and  moving  sands, 
on  the  verge  of  a  morass.  The  walled  enclosure,  about  3 
miles  in  circumference,  contains  some  brick  houses,  but 
mostjof  the  dwellings  are  mere  circular  huts  or  wigwams  of 
straw  and  earth.  Among  its  mosques  are  two  with  towers 
and  walls  about  15  feet  in  height.  Provisions  have  to  be 
brought  from  Jenne,  on  the  Niger,  about  300  miles  S.W. : 
and  the  sole  importance  of  Timbuotoo  is  due  to  its  being  an 
entrepQt  for  the  trade  between  Guinea,  Senegambia,  and 
North  Africa.  Caravans  from  Morocco  and  the  other  Bar- 
bary  States  here  exchange  dates,  European  manufactures, 
fire-arms,  gunpowder,  coral,  tobacco,  and  paper  for  slaves, 
gold-dust,  salt,  ostrich  feathers,  gums,  and  palm  oil.  It  is 
governed  by  a  native  chieftain. 

Time,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hardin  township.  Pike  co.,  111., 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Quiney. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.   P.  about  180. 

Timimoon,  or  Timimonn,  tee^me-moon',  a  town 
of  North  Africa,  in  Sahara,  oasis  of  Tooat.  Lat.  27°  50' 
N. ;  Ion.  1°  40'  E.  It  occupies  a  large  space,  consisting  of 
about  4000  houses,  surrounded  by  loop-holed  walls,  and  de- 
fended by  a  fortress.  It  is  one  of  the  great  centres  of  the 
traffic  of  the  Sahara.  It  nominally  belongs  to  the  Emperor 
of  Morocco,  but  has  declared  itself  independent. 

Tim'monsville,  a  post- village  of  Darlington  oo.,  S.C., 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  69  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
and  2  carriage-shops. 

Timok,  tee^mok'  (ano.  Tim'achiu),  a  river  of  Europe, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Balgaria  and  Servia, 
and  joins  the  Danube  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Widin,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  100  miles. 

Timoleagne,  tim-o-14g',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Cork^  on  Courtmacsherry  Bay,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bandon. 

Timoninm,  ti-mo'ne-Qm,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of 
Baltimore. 

Timor,  te-m6r',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
separated  on  the  W.  from  the  island  of  Ombay  by  Ombay 
Strait ;  washed  N.  by  the  Banda  Sea,  and  S.  by  the  Indian 
Ocean.  Lat.  (S.  point)  10°  24' S.;  Ion.  123°  32' B.  Length, 
about  300  miles ;  breadth,  60  miles.    The  N.E.  and  S.W. 


TIM 


2620 


TIN 


extremities  end  in  promontories.  In  the  N.  is  a  loftj 
mountain,  and  high  mountain-chains  traverse  the  whole 
island.  These  hills  are  generally  bare  and  rocky  and  des- 
titute of  timber.  Iron,  gold,  and  copper  are  found.  Every- 
where are  traces  of  volcanic  origin,  and  the  whole  island 
has  frequently  suffered  from  earthquakes.  The  country  is 
covered  with  dwellings  and  plantations,  and  various  kinds 
of  bamboos,  maize,  toddy-palms,  cotton,  tobacco,  sweet  pota- 
toes, indigo,  bread-fruits,  pine-apples,  melons,  cocoa-nuts, 
sago,  mango,  lemons,  papaw,  sandal- wood,  &o.,  are  among  the 
vegetable  products.  The  domestic  animals  are  buffaloes, 
oxen,  horses,  sheep,  pigs,  and  fowls;  and  in  the  woods  are 
deer  and  a  great  many  apes.  Among  birds  may  be  men- 
tioned the  rhinoceros-bird,  lories,  and  cockatoos.  Near  the 
river-mouths  crocodiles  abound,  on  the  shores  turtles  are 
found,  and  dangerous  serpents  and  scorpions  are  numerous. 
Pearl-oysters  are  obtained  on  the  coasts ;  on  the  reefs  tre- 
pang  is  caught,  and  they  yield  a  kind  of  coral  called  isis, 
mu^h  prized  by  the  Japanese.  The  Timorese  eat  young 
bees  and  honey,  but  export  the  wax.  Agriculture  is  little 
attended  to,  but  some  wheat,  maize,  potatoes,  and  coffee  are 
exported.  The  females  weave  what  cloth  is  required ;  the 
men  engage  in  no  sort  of  handicraft  except  the  constructing 
of  proas,  the  hammering  of  gold  plates,  and  the  casting  of 
rings  and  bells  for  decorating  their  horses.  The  principal 
exports  are  sandal-wood,  beeswax,  cattle,  horses,  maize, 
and  sago,  in  return  for  muskets,  gunpowder,  hardwares,  cal- 
icoes, and  other  manufactures,  which  constitute  the  chief 
imports,  besides  rice,  arrack,  and  other  native  produce  from 
Java  and  Macassar.  The  natives  are  divided  into  the  Ti- 
morese, inhabiting  the  W.  part  of  the  island,  originally 
from  Coram,  and  subject  to  the  Dutch;  the  Belonese,  in- 
habiting the  E.  coast,  originally  from  Gilolo,  and  subject  to 
the  Portuguese ;  and  the  independent  tribes  of  the  interior. 
Only  princes  are  permitted  to  have  more  than  one  wife,  for 
whom  a  price  in  gold  or  buffaloes  is  paid  to  the  father.  The 
Dutch  possess  the  settlement  of  Coepang,  in  the  S.W.,  which 
is  a  free  port.  Dilli,  on  the  N.W.  coast,  is  a  settlement  be- 
longing to  the  Portuguese,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  very  fer- 
tile territory,  but  unhealthy  for  Europeans.  In  these  set- 
tlements the  natives  are  Christians;  in  the  interior  the 

great  majority  are  idolaters.     Pop.  100,000. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Timorese,  tee^mo-reez'. 

Timor  liaut,  te-mor'  15wt  (i.e.,  "seaward  Timor"), 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  lat.  7°  10' 
and  8°  30'  S.,  Ion.  ISl"  and  131°  40'  E.,  260  miles  B.  of 
Timor.  Length,  100  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  40  miles. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  wooded. 

Tim'pas  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  Las  Animas  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  the 
W^art  of  Bent  oo. 

'Timp'son'Sya  station  of  the  New  York  &  New  Haven 
Railroad  (Harlem  River  Branch),  12  miles  N.E.  of  New 
York. 

TinacO)  te-n&'ko,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Cojedes, 
20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  San  Carlos.     Pop.  6257. 

Tinacoro,  te-n&-ko'ro,  or  Yolca'no  Island,  an  un- 
inhabited island  of  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  10°  23'  S. ;  Ion. 
165°  49'  E.  It  consists  of  a  cone  about  2000  feet  high. 
Smoke  and  flame  have  been  seen  issuing  from  its  summit, 
and  on  its  S.W.  side  lava  has  been  observed  flowing  down. 

Tincyo,  or  Tinaxo,  te-n&'HO,  a  town  of  the  Canaries, 
island  of  Lanzarote,  consisting  chiefly  of  scattered  houses, 
with  a  church  and  a  primary  school. 

Tin^cap',  a  village  in  Leeds  oo.,  Ontario,  4  miles  from 
Brockville.     Pop.  200. 

Tinchebrai,  t^Nsh^bri'  or  t&N*^sh9h-br&',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Ome,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dom- 
front.  Pop.  2565.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and 
manufactures  of  paper,  edge-tools,  hardware,  serge,  Ac. 

Tin'daleward,  the  largest  of  the  six  wards  of  the  co. 
of  Northumberland,  in  England,  in  the  W.  of  the  county, 
bordering  Durham  and  Cumberland,  and  separated  N.  from 
Scotland  by  the  Cheviot  Hills.    Area,  514,660  acres. 

Tindall,  tin'd^l,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Book'  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Trenton. 

Tindare,  tin'd&-r&,  or  Tindaro,  tin'd&-ro,  a  prom- 
ontory on  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Patti.  A 
little  S.E.  of  it  is  a  church,  standing  among  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Tyn'daria,  the  walls  of  which,  as  well  as  the 
theatre,  can  still  be  traced. 

Tindfield,  or  TindQeld,  tind'fydld,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Norway,  lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  8°  E.,  4871  feet  high. 

Tind-Sde,  tind'so^^h,  a  narrow  lake  of  Norway,  at 
the  S.E.  foot  of  the  above  mountain-range,  18  miles  in 
lenpth.     At  its  N.  end  is  the  village  of  Tind. 


Tinehely,  tin-hee'lee,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Wiok- 
low,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Aghrim. 

Ting-Choo,  or  Ting-Tchou,  ting'choo',  a  city  of 
China,  in  Shan-Toong,  on  the  Yellow  Sea,  with  a  commo- 
dious harbor.     Lat.  37°  48'  N. 

Ting'Choo,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien, 
140  miles  N.W.  of  Amoy. 

Ting-Hai,  ting-hi'e,  or  Ting-Ha'e,  the  capital 
city  of  the  island  of  Chusan,  off  the  E.  coast  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  island,  70 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ning-Po.  Lat.  30°  0'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  122°  6' 
E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall,  entered  by  four  double 
gates,  surrounded  by  a  ditch,  and  connected  by  a  canal  and 
narrow  causeway  with  its  harbor,  J  of  a  mile  distant.  The 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  flagged,  clean,  and  well 
drained ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  one  story ;  the  shops  are 
well  supplied,  and  the  silversmiths  and  tailors  of  the  town 
enjoy  some  repute.  The  chief  edifice  is  a  fine  temple,  and 
outside  of  the  walls  are  barracks.  The  harbor  is  sheltered 
by  many  islets,  and  has  deep  water,  but  is  difficult  of  ap- 
proach. Neighboring  rice-grounds  and  swamps  render  the 
city  very  unhealthy.     It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1840 

Tingis,  an  ancient  name  of  Tangier. 

Ting'ley,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  203. 

Tingley,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa,  10  mileft 
S.S.E.  of  Afton. 

Ting-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Ting-Choo. 

Tingwick,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Patrick's  Hill. 

Tinian,  tee-ne-&n',  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the 
Ladrone  Islands.  Lat.  15°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  143°  47'  E.  It  ii 
noted  for  its  old  ruined  buildings. 

Tinicnm,  tin'e-kilm,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2401. 

Tinicum,  a  township  of  Delaware  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  147. 
TiNicuH  Island,  in  the  Delaware  River,  belongs  to  this 
township. 

Tinicum,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Chester  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Chester. 

Tinker  Run,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.    See  Circleville. 

Tink'er's  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Cuyahoga 
River  about  12  miles  from  Cleveland. 

Tinker's  Knob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  oo.,  Va., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Fincastle.     It  has  a  church. 

Tinline's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Everslby. 

Tinmouth,  tin'miith,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rutland.  The  town- 
ship has  5  cheese-factories.     Marble  is  found  here.   P.  589. 

Tinnevelly,  tin-ne-vSl'lee,  a  maritime  district  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Indian  Peninsula,  having  N.  and  N.W.  the  district 
of  Madura,  W.  Travancore,  and  elsewhere  the  Gulf  of  Ma- 
naar,  separating  it  from  Ceylon.  Area,  5176  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,693,959.  Principal  towns,  Palamootta,  Tinnevelly, 
and  Tuticorin. 

Tinnevelly,  a  town  in  the  above  district,  immediately 
N.W.  of  Palamootta,  and  88  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madura.  It 
is  unhealthy,  from  surrounding  rice-grounds.   Pop.  21,044. 

Tin'ney's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo., 
about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chillioothe.    It  has  a  church. 

Tino,  tee'no,  or  Tinos,  tee'nos  (ano.  Te'noa),  an  island 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  one  of  the  Cyclades,  imme- 
diately S.E.  of  Andro,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a 
narrow  channel  called  Bocca  Piccola.  Greatest  length, 
about  18  miles ;  mean  breadth,  5  miles.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  agreeable  and  fertile  of  the  Cyclades,  has  an  excellent 
climate,  and  produces  much  barley,  silk,  wine,  figs,  oranges, 
and  honey.  The  mountains  furnish  fine  marble  of  various 
colors,  and  silver-mines  were  once  worked  to  some  extent. 
The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  silk  stockings  and 
gloves,  and  the  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and  brandy  is  extensive. 
The  inhabitants  are  very  industrious,  but  superstitious. 
They  have  a  Greek  archbishop,  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
and  a  cathedral  to  which  pilgrimages  are  made.  Chief 
towns,  San  Nicolo,  Panormos,  and  Oxomeria.    Pop.  11,022. 

Tinsley,  tinz'le,  a  post-office  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn. 

Tinta,  teen'tl,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Cuzoo,  on  the  Upper  Urubamba. 

Tin'tah,  a  station  in  Traverse  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breokenridge. 

Tint^niac,  teenHi^ne-ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille- 
et-Vilaine,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  767. 

Tin'tern  Ab'bey,  a  celebrated  ruin  in  England,  co. 
of  Monmouth,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wye,  4i  miles  N.  of 
Chepstow.     The  abbey  was  founded  in  1131. 

'Tin'to  (the  "hill  of  fire"),  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
in  Lanark,  at  the  head  of  Clydesdale,  2316  feet  high. 


TIN 


2621 


TIP 


Tin'ton  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Neversink  River,  2  miles  from  Eaton- 
town  Station,  and  aboat  7  miles  W.  of  Long  Branch.  It 
has  a  ohurob,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tin-Tsin,  a  town  of  China.    See  Tbks-Tsin. 

Tioern,  or  TjOrn,  te-5Rn'  or  t'ySRn,  an  island  of  Swe- 
den, 20  miles  N.W.  of  Gothenburg,  in  the  Cattegat.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  10  miles  each.  Its  shores  are  greatly 
indented,  and  its  fishery  is  important.  The  surface  is 
mostly  in  pasturage,  and  on  it  are  3  villages. 

Tio'ga,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  York,  borders 
on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  498  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Susquehanna  River,  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Cayuta  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Owego  Creek.  The 
surface  is  finely  diversified  with  broad  verdant  hills  and 
valleys,  some  of  which  are  deep.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly 
one-third  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  cattle, 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  of 
the  Chemung  group  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Southern 
Central  Railroad,  and  the  Utioa,  Ithaoa  <fc  Elmira  Railroad. 
Capital,  Owego.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,572;  in  1875,  81,744; 
in  1880,  32,673;  in  1890,  29,935. 

Tioga,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1120  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tioga  River,  which  rises  in  or 
near  it,  and  by  Cowanesque,  Pine,  and  Lycoming  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  oak,  ash,  hickory,  beech,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Butter,  hay,  oats,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  the  chief  article 
of  export.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wellsborough 
&,  Antrim  Branch  of  the  Fall  Brook  Railway  system  and 
by  the  Tioga  division  of  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  <fc 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Wellsborough,  Pop.  in  1870, 
35,097;  in  1880,  45,814;  in  1890,  52,313. 

Tioga,  a  post- village  in  Walker  township,  Hancock  co., 
m.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Quinoy.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Tioga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  in  Northwestern  Railway,  about  12  miles  in  a  direct 
line  E.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Tioga,  a  township  of  Neosho  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1442. 
It  contains  Chanute. 

Tioga,  a  township  of  Tioga  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Erie  Railroad.  Its  eastern  border  is  contiguous  to  Owego. 
It  contains  Smithborough  and  Tioga  Centre.     Pop.  3162. 

Tioga,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  &  Norristown 
Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  from  the  initial 
station  in  Philadelphia. 

Tioga,  a  post-borough  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Corning, 
Cowanesque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Corning, 
N.Y.,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Blossburg.  It  is  also  on  the  Tioga 
Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a 
banking-house,  5  churches,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  440;  of 
the  township,  1074. 

Tioga  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  Tioga  Station  on 
the  Erie  Railroad  and  Southern  Central  Railroad,  5i  miles 
S.W.  of  Owego.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  tan- 
nery, 2  steam  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  304. 

Tioga  Junction,  a  station  in  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Tioga  &  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Tioga. 

Tioga  River  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  near  the  W.  border 
of  Bradford  co.,  runs  northward  in  Tioga  co.,  and  passes 
into  New  York.  It  unites  with  the  Conhooton  River  in 
Steuben  co.,  about  2  miles  N.W.  of  Corning.  The  stream 
formed  by  this  confluence  is  the  Chemung. 

Tioga  Village,  Pennsylvania.     See  Tioga. 

Tioghnioga,  te-8H-ne-aw'ga  (or  Tioughnioga) 
River,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison  oo.,  and  runs  south- 
westward  to  the  village  of  Cortland.  Below  this  place  it 
flows  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  intersects  Broome  co.,  and  enters 
the  Chenango  River  at  Chenango  Forks.  It  is  about  75 
miles  long. 

Tiona,  ti'o-n%,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in 
Mead  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Warren.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Tionesta,  ti^on-es't%,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Forest 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Tionesta  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  Tionesta  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Titusville  &  Buffialo  Railroad,  20  miles  above  Oil  City,  and 


15  miles  S.  of  Tidioute.  It  has  2  newspaper  offioea,  8 
churches,  a  banking-house,  and  manufactures  of  bricka, 
lumber,  and  staves.  Pop.  320 ;  of  the  township,  460.  Pe- 
troleum is  obtained  in  this  township. 

Tionesta  (or  Teonista)  Creek,  Pennsylvania, 
drains  part  of  Warren  co.,  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  and 
enters  the  Alleghany  River  in  Forest  co.,  at  Tionesta. 

Tio'uus,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  about  50  milea 
N.  of  Selma. 

Tioomen,  Tioamen,  or  Tinmen,  te-oo^m£n',  a 
town  of  Siberia,  government  and  120  miles  S.W.  of  Tobolsk, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Toora.  Pop.  15,512.  It  has  numerous 
churches,  a  public  school,  and  factories  of  Russia  leather, 
woollen  fabrics,  and  soap ;  and  around  it  much  coarse  car- 
peting, carriages,  mats,  and  woollen  articles  are  made. 
Standing  at  the  junction  of  several  great  routes,  it  has  an 
active  export  trade  in  tallow  and  bristles  into  Russia,  and 
of  Russian  and  other  goods  to  the  Kirgheez  territory  and 
Bokhara.  It  is  also  a  depot  for  the  commerce  between 
Russia  and  China.  Tioomen  was  founded  in  1586,  and  is 
the  oldest  town  in  Siberia. 

Tioron'da,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Newburg. 

Tiosa,  ti-o'sa,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  &,  Chicago  Railroad,  5^  miles  N.  of 
Rochester. 

Tiotoe,  te-o'to^Sh,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  . 
Nordland,  Norway,  lat.  65°  50'  N.     It  is  inhabited. 

Tioughnioga  River.    See  TioGHNioeA  Riter. 

Tiparenus.    See  Spezzia. 

Tip'erah,  or  Tip'perah  (native,  TripHra),  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal.  Lat.  23°-24°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  36'-91°  39' 
E.  Area,  2624  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  partly  by 
Assam,  and  E.  by  Hill  Tiperah.  It  is  mostly  an  alluvial 
plain,  traversed  by  many  water-courses,  communicating  on 
the  W.  with  the  river  Megna.  Capital,  Comillah.  Pop.  in 
1875,  1,522,228. 

Tipitapa,  te-pe-t4'pi,  a  river  of  Nicaragua,  by  which 
the  Lake  of  Leon  discharges  its  surplus  waters  into  Lake 
Nicaragua.  Length,  from  16  to  20  miles,  for  the  latter  12 
of  which  it  is  from  3  to  18  feet  deep,  and  navigable ;  but  in 
the  early  part  of  its  course  its  navigation  is  impeded  by 
falls,  one  of  which  is  near  the  village  of  Tipitapa. 

Tip'Iersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippah  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Ripley  Railroad,  about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Corinth. 

Tip'pah,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Hatchie  River,  the  Tallahatchee  River, 
which  rises  in  it,  and  Tippah  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  moderately  diversified,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  beech,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  magnolia, 
black  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com, 
cattle,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Gulf  &  Chicago  Railroad,  which  connects 
Middleton  with  New  Albany.  Capital,  Ripley.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20,727;  in  1880,  12,867;  in  1890,  12,951. 

Tippah  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Tippah  co.,  roni 
southwestward  through  Benton  co.,  and  enters  the  Talla- 
hatchee River  about  18  miles  S.  of  Holly  Springs. 

Tippecanoe,  tip^pe-k^-noo',  a  county  in  the  W.N.W. 
part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Wild  Cat  and  the  Tippecanoe  River,  which  enters  the 
Wabash  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  \» 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairiea 
and  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  hay, 
cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal  and  by  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Lafay- 
ette.   Pop.  in  1870,  33,516 ;  in  1880, 35,966 ;  in  1890,  70,156. 

Tippecanoe,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.    P.  1109. 

Tippecanoe,  township,  Kosciusko  oo.,  Ind.     P.  1236. 

Tippecanoe,  township,  Marshall  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1165. 

Tippecanoe,  township,  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  833. 

Tippecanoe,  township,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  P.  2274. 

Tippecanoe,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1407,  exclusive  of  Rome. 

Tippecanoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on 
Stillwater  Creek,  10  miles  S.  of  Dennison,  and  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tippecanoe,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo..  Pa.,  about  4 
miles  E.  of  Brownsville. 

Tippecanoe  City,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Miami  River,  and  on 


TIP 


2622 


TIR 


the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Dayton, 
and  14  miles  S.  of  Piqua.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high 
Bchool,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  an  oil-mill,  a 
distillery,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  Ac.     P.  (1890)  1465. 

Tippecanoe  River,  Indiana,  rises  near  the  W.  bor- 
der of  Noble  CO.,  and  runs  first  in  a  W.S.W.  direction.  It 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Kosciusko,  Fulton,  and  Pulaski. 
Finally  it  flows  southward  through  White  co.,  and  enters 
the  Wabash  River  about  10  miles  above  Lafayette.  It  is 
nearly  200  miles  long. 

Tippecanoetown,  tip^pe-ka-noo't5wn,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Marshall  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  5  miles 
S.  of  Bourbon,  and  about  35  miles  S.  of  South  Bend.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tipperah,  a  district  of  Bengal.     See  Tiperah. 

Tipperary,  tip-§r-i'ree,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
ster,  extending  along  the  W.  boundary  of  Leinster,  and 
King's,  Queen's,  and  Kilkenny  cos.,  having  N.  and  N.W. 
the  Shannon  and  Lough  Derg,  separating  it  from  Con- 
naught,  the  00.  of  Galway,  and  the  oo.  of  Clare;  and  on 
other  sides  the  cos.  of  Limerick,  Cork,  and  Waterford. 
Area,  165«  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  199,612;  in  1891, 
173,188.  It  is  watered  by  the  river  Suir,  and  contains  a 
part  of  the  great  Bog  of  Allen ;  elsewhere  the  soil  is  fertile, 
yielding  large  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes.  The 
farms  are  generally  small,  and  the  population  is  much  de- 

{>ressed  and  rapidly  decreasing.  Grazing  is  important ; 
arge  quantities  of  butter  and  other  dairy  produce,  with 
cattle,  are  exported.  Coal,  copper,  and  lead  are  met  with, 
and  slates  near  Killaloe.  The  principal  exports  are  the 
rural  products.  Principal  towns,  Tipperary,  Clonmel,  Ne- 
nagh,  Cashel,  Templemore,  Thurles,  Clogheen,  and  Carrick- 
on-Suir.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Southern  &  Western 
Railway  and  several  branches.  It  sends  two  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Tipperary,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Suir,  and  on  the  Waterford 
Railway,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Limerick.  Pop.  5638.  It  has  a 
large  and  handsome  church,  a  spacious  Roman  Catholic 
ohapel,  sessions-house,  bridewell,  workhouse,  hospital,  bar- 
racks, savings-bank,  a  large  endowed  school,  and  an  active 
retail  trade. 

Tippinville,  Kansas.    See  North  Cbdar. 

Tipp's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb. 

Tipra,  a  district  of  India.     See  Tiperah. 

Tipsa,  tip'8&,  or  Tibesa,  tib'9-s&,  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  115  miles  E.S.E.  of  Constantino. 

Tip'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Stafford,  on  the 
Birmingham  &  Liverpool  Canal,  which  has  here  many 
branches,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  29,445, 
engaged  in  coal-  and  iron-mines,  iron-forges,  rolling-  and 
slitting-mills,  and  engine-,  soap-,  and  red-lead-faotories.  It 
has  a  handsome  church  and  numerous  chapels  and  schools, 
and  at  Tipton  Green  are  extensive  wharves. 

Tip'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Wild  Cat  River  and  Cicero  Creek,  both  of  which  rise  in 
it.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  cattle,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  3  railroads, — the  Lafayette, 
Muncie  &  Bloomington,  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago 
(both  now  divisions  of  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western),  and  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis.  Capital,  Tip- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870, 11,953 ;  in  1880, 14,407 ;  in  1890, 18,157. 

Tipton,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  bordering  on  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Hatchie  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  nearly  one-third 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  gum,  hickory, 
poplar-  or  tulip-tree,  and  oypress.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Louisville  i  Memphis  Railroad  passes  through  the 
S.E.  part  of  this  county,  which  is  also  traversed  by  the 
Memphis  <fc  Paduoah  division  of  the  Newport  News  &  Mis- 
sissippi Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Covington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,884;  in  1880,  21,033;  in  1890,  24,271. 

Tipton,  a  post-offioe  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  177  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stock- 
ton. 

Tipton,  a  township  of  Cass  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1808. 

Tipton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cicero  township,  on  Cicero  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis, 
Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lafayette, 
Muncie  A  Bloomington  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Muncie, 
39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Ko- 
komo.     It  contains  a  court-house,-  2  banks,  2  newspaper 


offices,  4  churches,  and  a  seminary,  and  has  manufactures 
of  sash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1250  ;  in  1890,  2697. 

Tipton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Stanwood  A  Tipton  Railroad,  about 
27  miles  N.  of  Muscatine,  and  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Iowa 
City.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  bank- 
ing-houses, a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1599. 

Tipton,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  464. 

Tipton,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  6  miles  W.  of  Teoumseh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tipton,  a  post-village  in  Willow  Fork  township,  Mon- 
iteau CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Boonville  Branch,  162  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis,  27  miles  E.  of  Sedalia,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Boonville. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4  churches.  Coal  is 
found  near  it.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Tipton,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Antis  town- 
ship, on  the  Little  Juniata  River  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  lOi  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  churches 
and  2  flour-mills. 

Tipton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pa- 
dacah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Tipton,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  59 
miles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Tipton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  abou» 
30  miles  N.W,  of  Marshalltown. 

Tiptonville,  or  Tippinville.     See  North  Cedar. 

Tiptonville,  a  post-office  of  Mora  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Tiptonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn,, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  76  miles.  S.W.  of  Paducah, 
and  70  miles  below  Cairo,  111.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Tip  Top,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hardin  co,,  Ky., 
on  the  Paducah  A  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W- 
of  Louisville. 

Tip  Top  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Tip'town,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Waterloo. 

Tipnani,  te-poo-&-nee',  a  village  of  Bolivia,  near  La 
Paz,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.  It  consists  of  houses 
formed  of  the  trunks  of  palm-trees,  and  is  a  dirty  place.  It 
rose  in  consequence  of  important  mines,  now  exhausted. 

Tipntini,  te-poo-te-nee',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  which 
rises  about  lat.  1°  30'  S.,  Ion.  76°  30'  W.,  flows  E.,  and 
joins  the  Napo.     Length,  SO  miles. 

Tira,  tee'ri,  or  Shalyehanpoor,  shih-je-hin^poor', 
a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Beas,  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Loo- 
dianah. 

Tirajana,  or  Tiraxana,  te-r&.-H&'n&,  a  town  of  the 
Canaries,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Gran  Canaria. 

Tiran,  tee^r&n',  a  small  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah.  Lat.  27°  55'  2"  N. ;  Ion. 
34°  34'  E. 

Tirana,  tee-r&'n&,  or  Terran,  t£r^r&n',  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kroya. 
Pop.  10,000.  Outside  of  the  walls  is  a  fort,  the  residence 
of  a  pasha.  The  vicinity  produces  large  quantities  of  corn, 
wine,  and  olives. 

Tirano,  te-r&'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
and  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Sondrio,  in  the  Valtellina,  on  the 
Adda.  It  is  a  handsome  place,  with  a  number  of  elegant 
mansions  and  superior  courts  of  justice,  and  a  sanctuary 
of  the  Virgin,  which  attracts  numerous  pilgrims.     P.  2672. 

Tiraspol,  te-r4s'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kherson,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Dniester,  53  miles  N.W. 
of  Odessa.  Pop.  22,747.  About  half  a  mile  distant  is  a 
fort  commanding  the  passage  of  the  river. 

Tiraxana,  a  town  of  the  Canaries.    See  Tirajana. 

Tireboli,  or  Tirehboli,  te-rfib'o-le  (anc.  Trip'olit), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  50  miles  W.  of  Trebizond,  on  the 
Black  Sea,  about  3  miles  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Tireboli- 
Soo.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  several  mosques,  a  bath,  and  a 
Greek  church. 

Tireboli-Soo,  or  Tireboli-Su,  te-rSb'o-le-soo,  a 
deep  and  rapid  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  passes  W.N.W.  of 
Goomish-Khaneb.  It  has  at  its  mouth  some  silver-  and 
copper-mines,  which  were  once  highly  productive. 

Tiree,tir-ee',  or  Tir^ree',  also  written  Tirrey,  Tiry, 
and  Tyree,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  of  which  it  is  the  westernmost  portion,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  lona.  Length,  12  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  6 
miles.  Lat.  66°  30'  N.;  Ion.  7°  W.  Pop.  2834.  It  is  quite 
destitute  of  wood,  and  contains  numerous  small  lakes  and 
some  rich  paature-land.  Barley,  oats,  and  potatoes  are 
raised,  but  cattle-rearing,  fishing,  and  the  export  of  poultry 
and  eggs  are  the  chief  resources  of  the  population. 


TIR 


2623 


TIT 


Tireh,  Asia  Minor.    See  Tywa. 

Tirehboli,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Tireboli. 

Tirgoschyl,  Tirgochil,  or  Tirgoschil,  tS6r'go- 
iheer,  also  written  Targa-Jiul,  a  town  of  Koumania,  on 
the  Schyl,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Krajova.     Pop.  3285. 

Tirgu-Formoss,  tggr^goo'-for'mos,  or  TArgu-Fo- 
rumossu,  tar'goo-fo^roo-mos-soo',  a  town  of  Roamania, 
30  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Yassy.     Pop.  4215. 

Tirhala,  Turkey.    See  Tbikhala. 

Tirhee»  dr^hee',  or  Oor'cha,  a  rajahship  of  India,  in 
Bundelcund,  under  British  protection.  Area,  2160  square 
miles.     Pop.  192,000. 

Tirhoot,  tir^hoot',  or  Tarut,  ti-root',an  island  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  opposite  El  Eatif. 

Tirhoot,  or  Tirhnt,  tir^hoot',  a  region  of  Bengal,  in 
Bahar,  formerly  a  district,  but  now  divided  into  the  dis- 
tricts of  Mozufferpoor  and  Durbungah.  Area,  6343  square 
miles.     Pop.  4,384,706. 

Tiriolo,  te-re-o'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  N.W. 
of  Catanzaro,  between  the  Coraci  and  the  Lamato.    P.  3581. 

Tirlemont)  teeBrmiu*'  (Flemish,  Thienen  or  Tienen, 
tee'n^n ;  L.  The'nae),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on 
the  Grande-Geete  and  the  railway  from  Louvain  to  Liege, 
25  miles  E.  of  Brussels.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  is  en- 
tered by  six  gates,  and  has  generally  well  laid-out  streets, 
several  squares,  including  the  market-square,  near  the  cen- 
tre of  the  town,  in  which  are  the  town  house  and  the  Gothic 
church  of  Notre  Dame.  On  the  top  of  a  little  hill  stands 
the  parish  church  of  St.  Germain.  There  are  also  a  hos- 
pital and  asylum  for  the  aged,  and  excellent  cavalry  bar- 
racks. Tirlemont  possesses  a  college,  an  academy  of  de- 
sign, communal  and  private  schools,  an  orphan  society,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  blankets,  flannel  and 
hosiery,  salt,  beet-root  sugar,  soap,  and  leather ;  also  malt-, 
oil-,  and  flour-mills,  gin-distilleries,  and  breweries,  and  a 
trade  in  corn,  wool,  horned  cattle,  and  swine,  for  which  7 
annual  fairs  are  held.  Pop.  12,354.  It  was  taken  by  the 
French  in  1635,  in  1792,  and  in  1794,  and  its  fortifications 
were  dismantled  in  1804. 

Tirlnnschien,  Transylvania.    See  Tatrang. 

Tirmez,  tjr^mfiz',  or  Tnrmaz,  tiir^miiz',  a  town  of 
Asia,  in  Bokhara,  on  the  Amoo-Darya,  30  miles  N.  of  Balkh. 

Tirnova,  tgSr'no-vi,  written  also  Ternova  or  Tir- 
nava,  tggr'n4-vi,  a  town,  formerly  the  capital  of  Bulgaria, 
on  the  Jantra,  a  tributary  of  the  Danube,  35  miles  S.E.  of 
Sistova.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  and  trench,  has  numerous 
mosques,  churches,  and  synagogues,  and  is  the  see  of  a 
Greek  bishop.     Pop.  15,000. 

Ti'ro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in  Auburn 
township,  on  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Railroad,  at  De  Kalb 
Station,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches  and 
about  20  houses. 

Tirol,  a  crown-land  of  Anstria-Hungary.     See  TtboIi. 

Tirree,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides.    See  Tibeb. 

Tirschenreuth,  tlR'sh^n-roit^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Naab,  15  miles  S.  of  Eger.  Pop.  2559.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths. 

Tirsi,  tlR'see  or  tecR'see,  or  Oristano,  o-ris-t&'no 
(anc.  Thyr'atuf),  the  largest  river  in  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
rises  in  the  division  of  Sassari,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  80  miles,  falls  into  the  gulf  about  3  miles 
below  the  town  of  Oristano.  In  winter  it  is  subject  to  in- 
undations, from  which  large  tracts  are  protected  by  means 
of  expensive  embankments. 

Tiry,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides.    See  Tiree. 

Ti'ryns,  or  Tiryn'thus,  a  mined  city  of  Greece,  in 
the  Morea  ,■  its  remains,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Argos,  comprise 
fine  specimens  of  cyclopean  architecture. 

Tir'zah,  a  post-office  of  York  oo.,  S.C,  6  miles  E.  of 
Yorkville. 

Tisbury,  tiz'b$r-e,  a  township  of  Dukes  oo.,  Mass.,  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  contains  Vineyard  Haven.     Pop.  1625. 

Tisch  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Tischnowitz,  tish'no-vits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  BrUnn,  on  the  Schwarza.     Pop.  3037. 

Tisdale,  tiz'dale,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Cow- 
ley CO.,  Kansas,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Tisheet,  tee^sheet',  written  also  Tyschyt,  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Sahara,  about  lat.  18«  16'  N.,  Ion.  8°  40'  W. 
Near  it  are  mines  of  salt ;  and  it  is  an  important  caravan- 
station  between  North  Africa  and  Soodan. 

Tishemingo,  tish-^-ming'go,  or  Tishomingo, 
tish^o-ming'go,  the  northeasternmost  county  of  Mississippi, 
borders  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  435  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Bear  Creek  and  one  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River.    The  surface  is  diversified  by  low  hills  or 


ridges,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests of  oak,  hickory,  beech,  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  ar« 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Memphis  i.  Charleston  division  of  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia k  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  luka.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7350;  in  1880,  8774;  in  1890,  9302. 

Tishomingo,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  the  Chicka- 
saw Nation,  Ind.  Ter.,  on  the  Washita  River,  about  36  miles 
S.W.  of  Atoka.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.    P.  200. 

Tiskilwa,  tis'kil-wah,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  oo., 
III.,  on  Bureau  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  k 
Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  and  about  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
and  4  churches.    Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  (1890)  801. 

Tismana,  tis-m&'n&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tirgoschyl. 

Tisted,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Thisted. 

Ti  Street,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  2^  miles  from 
Addison  Junction. 

Tisza,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Theiss. 

Tisza-Ftired,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Ft}RED 

Tiszolcz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Teissholz. 

Titchfield.     See  Tichfield-with-Crofton. 

Titery,  a  lake  of  Algeria.    See  Tittkri. 

Titicaca  (te-te-ki'ki).  Lake,  the  most  elevated  and 
one  of  the  largest  of  the  lakes  of  South  America,  forming  a 
part  of  the  boundary  between  South  Peru  and  Bolivia,  in 
the  centre  of  an  alpine  valley,  between  two  great  oordilleraa 
of  the  Andes.  Lat.  15°  15'  to  16°  35'  S.;  Ion.  68°  40'  to 
70°  W. ;  greatest  length,  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  170  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  about  70  miles.  Area,  estimated  at  about 
4000  square  miles.  Height  above  sea-level,  12,900  feet. 
It  is  of  very  irregular  shape,  having  numerous  large  bays, 
enclosed  by  projecting  peninsulas.  Two  of  these,  towards 
the  S.,  stretch  so  far  across  the  lake,  from  opposite  direc- 
tions, as  to  leave  only  a  very  narrow  channel  and  thus 
divide  it  into  two  unequal  portions,  of  which  the  N.  is  by 
far  the  larger.  Lake  Titicaca  contains  several  islands,  of 
which  the  largest  bears  its  own  name  and  lies  near  the 
S.W.  shore.  It  contains  many  ruins,  and  is  celebrated  in 
Peruvian  history  as  the  spot  where  Manco  Capac,  the  first 
Inca  of  the  last  Peruvian  dynasty,  miraculously  appeared. 
The  chief  feeders  of  the  lake  are  the  Asangaro  and  Lagu- 
nillas,  both  of  which  enter  it  on  its  N.  shore.  Its  only  out- 
let is  the  Desaguadero,  which  issues  from  its  S.  extremity, 
and  continues  its  course  S.W.  through  the  great  alpine 
valley  between  the  cordilleras  to  Lake  Aullagas.  On  its  W. 
shore  are  the  towns  of  Puno  and  Chucuito. 

Titicnt,  Massachusetts.     See  North  MiSDLBBOROueH. 

Titiribi,  te-te-re-Bee',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, department  of  Cundinamarca,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antio- 
quia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Magdalena,  nearly  4000  feet 
above  sea-level. 

Titius,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kerka. 

Tit'lis,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  Bern, 
Unterwalden,  and  Uri,  10,627  feet  high.  It  is  often  as- 
cended by  tourists,  and  the  view  from  its  top  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  Europe. 

Titschein,  Neu,  Moravia.    See  Nedtitschein. 

TitHabawas'see,  a  village  in  Tittabawassee  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Tittabawassee  River.  It 
is  at  Freeland  Station  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  3  stores.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Freeland.     Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township  (1890),  1581. 

Tittabawassee  Junction.    See  Paimbsvillk. 

Tittabawassee  (or  Tittibawassee)  River, 
Michigan,  is  formed  by  the  Chippewa,  Pine,  and  Tobacco 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  Midland  co.  It  runs  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Saginaw  River  about  3  miles  above 
Saginaw  City.     The  main  stream  is  nearly  30  miles  long. 

Tittel,  tit^til',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Theiss  with  the  Danube,  18  miles  E. 
of  Peterwardein.  Pop.  2700.  It  is  a  steamboat-station, 
and  has  ship-building  docks,  magazines,  and  arsenals. 

Titteri,  or  Titery,  tit'^h-ree',  a  marshy  lake  of  Al- 
geria, 80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Algiers,  and  traversed  by  the 
river  Shelliff. 

Tittiis,  one  of  the  Swiss  Alps.     See  Titlis. 

Ti'tus,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Big  Cypress 
Bayou,  and  is  drained  by  White  Oak  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  cypress,  ash,  pecan,  and  other  trees- 
The  soil  is  fertile.    Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 


TIT 


2624 


TMO 


are  the  staple  products.  This  oounty  is  traversed  by  a 
division  of  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  system. 
Capital,  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,339;  in  1880, 
5959;  in  1890,  8190. 

Ti'taSTille;  a  post-hamlet  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  In- 
dian Eiver,  150  miles  S.  of  St.  Augustine.  It  has  a  church. 
[t  is  on  the  Titusvillo  &  Salt  Lake  Railroad. 

Titusville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Titusville)  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township,  Mer- 
cer CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere 
Delaware  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Titusville*  a  village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory. 

Titusville^  a  hamlet  in  Malone  township,  Franklin 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Malone.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Titusville^  a  city  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  is  situated  on 
Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany  River  Rail- 
road, at  the  terminus  of  the  Dunkirk  &  Alleghany  Valley 
and  Union  &,  Titusville  Railroads,  90  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk, 
18  miles  N.  of  Oil  City,  27  miles  S.  of  Corry,  and  about  25 
miles  E.  of  Meadville.  It  was  in  1870  the  most  populous 
town  in  the  county.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  or  3  other  banks,  an  opera-house,  a  high  school,  a 
good  hotel,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
several  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  several  oil-wells,  oil- 
refineries,  steam  saw-mills,  large  iron-works  which  pro- 
duce engines,  boilers,  tubes,  <fcc.,  and  manufactures  of  bar- 
rels, wagons,  and  tools  for  oil-wells.  Titusville  is  lighted 
with  gas,  and  supplied  with  pure  water  by  the  Holly  sys- 
tem. It  is  one  of  the  principal  towns  of  the  oil  regions. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9046 ;  in  1890,  8073. 

Ti'tusville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 7  miles  from  Hampton.     Pop.  100. 

Tityrus  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Spada. 

Tiumen,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Tioomen. 

Tiverno,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Bifeeno. 

Tiv'erton,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Exe  and  Loman,  at  their  confluence,  and 
on  the  Bristol  k  Exeter  Railway,  13^  miles  N.N.E.  of  Exeter. 
Pop.  7552.  The  town  has  a  fine  church,  with  a  tower  116 
feet  in  height,  the  remains  of  a  castle,  a  magnificent 
chapel,  a  grammar-school,  other  endowed  schools,  various 
almshouses  and  other  charities,  a  town  hall,  market-house, 
corn-market,  theatre,  and  assembly-  and  reading-room.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lace,  which  employ  many  hands,  and 
there  is  a  small  manufacture  of  woollens.  Tiverton  is  con- 
nected with  the  Tone,  Taunton,  <&c.,  by  a  canal.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Tiv'erton,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.     Pop.  804. 

Tiverton,  a  post-village  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  in  Tiv- 
erton township,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Narragansett  Bay,  near 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newport,  and 
6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fall  River.  It  contains  4  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  2606;  in  1890,  2837. 

Tiverton,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Petite  Passage. 

Tiv'erton,  a  post- village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Saugeen.  It  contains  a  carding-mill,  woollen- 
mill,  flouring-mill,  saw-mill,  2  hotels,  3  churches,  and  3 
•tores.     Pop.  250. 

Tiverton  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.,  in 
Tiverton  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Gann  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Yankee  Ridge  Post-Office. 

Tiverton  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tiverton 
township,  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  New- 
port. It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
fish  oil.     It  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery.     P.  125. 

Tivisa,  te-vee'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26 
miles  W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2354. 

Tivoli,  tiv'o-le  or  tee'vo-le  (anc.  Ti'bur)^  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Teverone,  which  here  forms  a  fine  cascade  of  80  feet.  Pop. 
7730.  The  town  is  on  the  slope  of  Monte  Ripoli,  in  a 
beautiful  situation,  but  it  is  dirty,  ill  built,  and  unhealthy. 
It  has  a  cathedral  and  convents,  and  in  the  court-yard  of 
an  inn,  on  a  rock  overhanging  the  river,  are  the  celebrated 
remains  of  a  circular  temple  of  the  Tibertine  Sibyl,  or  of 
Vesta.  Around  Tivoli  are  the  remains  of  several  aque- 
ducts, and  of  numerous  Roman  villas,  among  which  is  that 
of  Cassius ;  and  adjacent  to  the  town  are  the  vestiges  of  a 
vast  palace  built  by  Hadrian,  which  has  contributed  numer- 
ous antiquities  to  the  Vatican. 

Tivoli,  tiv'o-le  or  ti-vo'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque 
•0.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Dubuque. 


Tivoli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Mankato  township,  on  the  Le  Sueur  River,  2i  miles  from 
Eagle  Lake  Station. 

Tivoli,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Red 
Hook  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  14  miles  below  the  city  of  Hudson,  and  99 
miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  contains  5  churches.  A  steam 
ferry  connects  it  with  Saugerties,  which  is  nearly  opposite 
Tivoli.  Madalin,  a  post-village,  1  mile  from  the  river,  baa 
been  inoorporated  with  Tivoli.     Pop.  in  1890,  1350. 

Tivoli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  Munoy 
Creek,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill. 

Tivy,  a  river  of  North  Wales.    See  Teify. 

Tiwap'itty,  a  township  of  Scott  co..  Mo.     Pop.  680. 

Tixcoco,  tix-ko'ko,  an  Indian  town  of  Yucatan,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Merida. 

Tixola,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Tijola. 

Tixtla,  teex'tl&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  Guerrero, 
about  70  miles  N.E.  of  Acapulco.     Pop.  aoout  6000. 

Tiz,  a  village  of  Beloochistan.     See  Teez. 

Tizio,  a  river  of  Dalmatia.     See  Kerka. 

Tizzana,  tit-s&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Flor- 
ence, on  a  hill  forming  the  N.  base  of  Mount  Albano,  about 
7  miles  from  Pistoja.  It  haa  a  trade  in  corn,  silk,  and  espe- 
cially wine.     Pop.  8471. 

Tiz'zard's  Harbor,  a  fishing  port  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  6  miles  from  Twil- 
lingate.     Pop.  250. 

Tjaivjor,  t'yin^yor',  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Preanger,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia. 

Tjaya,  t'yi'i,  a  town  of  Thibet,  370  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Lassa.     Lat.  31°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  45'  E. 

Tjidani,  De,  dA  t'ye-di'nee,  a  river  of  Java,  province 
of  Buitenzorg,  rises  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Pangerango,  and 
falls  into  the  Java  Sea. 

Tjilatjap,  t'yee-I&t-y&p',  a  town  of  Java,  province  of 
Bangoemaas,  on  the  S.  coast,  111  miles  S.W.  of  Samarang, 
on  Tjilatjap  Bay,  which  is  formed  by  the  island  of  Kem- 
bangan,  on  which  two  forts  are  erected. 

Tjimanok,  t'yee*m4-nok',  a  river  of  Java,  province  of 
Preanger,  flows  N.,  and  near  Cape  Indramayo  joins  the 
Java  Sea  by  two  arms.  It  is  of  great  advantage  to  the 
inland  navigation  of  the  province. 

Tjiringin,  t'yeeVin-ghin',  a  village  of  Java,  province 
and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bantam,  on  the  Strait  of  Sunda. 

Tjdrn,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Tiobrn. 

TIacotalpan,  tli-ko-til-pin',  a  village  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Vera  Cruz,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

'Tlaliscoyan,  tli-lis-ko-yin',  a  village  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Vera  Cruz,  50  miles  S.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Tlalpan,  tl&l-p&n',  or  San  Augustin  de  las 
Cuevas,  sin  5w-goos-teen'  d&  l&s  kwA'v&s,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  about  12  miles  from  the  city  of  Mexico. 
It  contains  beautiful  villas,  to  which  many  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  capital  retire  during  the  warm  season. 

TIalpujahua,  or  Tlalpuxahua,  tlil-poo-H4'wl,  a 
mining  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Michoacan,  60  miles  E.  of 
Morelia. 

Tlapa,  tli'pi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Puebla,  on  the 
Yopez,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific.  The 
population  are  mostly  engaged  in  raising  cotton  and  sugar. 

Tlascala,  tl4s-k4'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Puebla.  When  the  Spaniards  took  possession 
of  the  country  it  was  a  place  of  great  size  and  importance. 
Pop.  4000. 

Tlemcen,  tlSm-sSn',  or  Tlemecen,  tlfim\h-sfin', 
written  also  Tlamsen,  TIemsan,  and  Tremecen 
(anc.  Tremia  t  or  Tremici  Colonia  ?),  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  Oran.  It  is  a  place  of  an- 
tiquity, and  is  enclosed  by  walls.  It  has  narrow  streets, 
refreshed  by  numerous  fountains,  with  houses  generally  of 
one  story,  built  of  brick,  stone,  or  clay.  It  contains  sev- 
eral mosques,  with  an  extensive  citadel,  and  has  manufac- 
tures of  iron,  morocco  leather,  carpets,  and  various  fabrics 
in  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen.  It  is  the  seat  of  consider- 
able trade,  being,  from  its  vicinity  to  Morocco  and  the 
desert,  the  entrepSt  of  the  caravans  from  Fez,  furnishing 
ostrich  feathers,  wool,  and  ivory  in  exchange  for  groceries 
and  manufactured  articles.     Pop.  (1891)  29,544. 

Tlemcen,  Gulf  of,  Algeria.     See  Gulp  of  Tlemoe.n. 

Tlos,  tlos,  a  ruined  city  in  the  S.  part  of  Asia  Minor. 
Its  remains  are  15  miles  S.E.  of  Makree. 

TIumatschau,tloo'mit-sh5w\  written  also  Tluma- 
90W,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  near  the  left  bank  of 
the  March,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Kremsir.     Pop.  1120. 

Tmo'Ius   (Turk.  Kiziljah  Maaa  Tagh,  kiz41-ji'  ml'sft 


TMU 


2625 


TOO 


I 


tig),  a  mountain-range  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Smyrna,  extending  E.  for  about  70  miles,  separating  the 
basins  of  the  rivers  Sarabet  (ans.  Her'mut)  and  Cayster. 
It  is  crossed  by  several  routes,  and  has  on  its  summit  a 
plain  of  fine  pasturage,  interspersed  with  large  trees. 

Tmutarakan,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Tamax. 

Tnilaia,  tne-li'i,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W.  of 
the  government  of  Don  Cossacks,  flows  very  cirouitously 
E.S.E.  about  120  miles,  and  joins  the  Donets. 

Toa,  Alta,  il'ti  to'4  ("  Upper  Toa"),  and  Baxa  Toa, 
b9,'H&  to'i  ("Lower  Toa"),  two  villages  of  Cuba,  near 
Bayamo,  with  3000  and  2000  inhabitants  respectively. 

Toad's  CovC)  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  Ferryland, 
Newfoundland,  26  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  325. 

Toad  Vine,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Toak,  a  town  of  Turkish  Koordistan.     See  Taook. 

ToanO)  to-an'o,  a  post-office  of  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  92  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elko. 

Tobac'co  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  32  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Clarksville.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <fcc. 

Tobacco  River,  Michigan,  drains  parts  of  Clare  and 
Gladwin  cos.,  runs  southward  and  southeastward,  and 
unites  with  the  Chippewa  or  Pine  River  in  Midland  co. 

Tobacco  River,  Montana,  runs  northward  in  Mis- 
soula CO.,  and  enters  the  Eootenay  River  about  7  miles 
from  the  N.  boundary  of  Montana. 

Tobacco  Stick,  a  post- village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Annapolis. 

Tobac'coville,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  oo.,  N.C. 

Tobago,  to-b&'go,  an  island  of  the  British  West  Indies, 
Windward  group.  Lat.  (N.  point)  11"  25'  N. ;  Ion.  60"  32' 
W.  It  is  24  miles  N.B.  of  Trinidad ;  32  miles  long  by  12 
miles  broad.  Area,  97  square  miles.  It  is  one  entire  mass 
of  rooks,  rising  with  a  steep  ascent  on  the  N.E.,  and  de- 
scending gradually  towards  the  S.W.,  with  some  small  but 
picturesque  valleys  intervening.  The  N.W.  part  is  the 
least  mountainous;  on  the  S.  it  terminates  in  broken 
plains  and  lowlands.  It  is  well  watered  by  rivulets  and 
streams,  and  has  several  good  harbors,  principally  along 
the  N.  coast.  Tobago  is  beyond  the  range  of  hurricanes, 
but  is  extremely  unhealthy.  The  produce  of  the  island 
consists  of  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.  Value  of  exports  and 
imports,  about  £50,000  per  annum ;  of  revenue,  £10,000. 
It  has  a  local  legislature,  consisting  of  a  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, a  legislative  council,  and  a  house  of  assembly  of 
elected  members.  The  principal  religious  denominations 
are  Church  of  England  (8  churches),  Wesleyans  (7  chapels), 
and  Moravians  (3  churches).  The  island  was  discovered 
by  Columbus  in  1496,  and  was  ceded  to  Qreat  Britain  by 
France  in  1763.   Principal  town,  Scarborough.    Pop.  17,054. 

Tobarra,  to-BaR'Bft,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Albacete,  with  remains  of  fortifications,  and 
a  trade  in  fruit.     Pop.  4376,  „^ 

Tobas'co,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Batavia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Tob'ber,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  2i 
miles  S.W.  of  Clonmel,  near  the  Suir. 

Tob^berahee'na,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tip- 
perary, on  the  Suir,  2^  miles  S.W.  of  Clonmel. 

Tob^bercur'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co. 
of  Sligo,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  884. 

Tob'bermore^  a  small  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lon- 
donderry, 5  miles  N.W.  of  Magherafelt.     Pop.  528. 

To'bermo'ry,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ar- 
gyle,  on  the  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Mull,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Sound  of  Mull.  It  has  a  custom-house,  a  landlocked 
harbor,  and  some  boat-building  and  general  trade.   P.  1344. 

Tobesofka  Creek.  Georgia.    See  Chupee  Creek. 

To'bin,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2346. 

Tobiniam,  the  ancient  name  of  Zofinoen. 

To'binsport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  12  miles  above  Cannelton. 

Tobol,  to-bol',  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  To- 
bolsk, rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Ural  Mountain  chain,  and, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  500  miles,  joins  the  Irtish  near  To- 
bolsk. AfJuents,  the  Ooi,  Miias,  Toora,  and  Tavda,  all  from 
the  W.;  and  from  the  influx  of  the  Ooi  downwards  it  is 
navigable  throughout  three-fourths  of  its  course. 

Tobolsk,  to-bolsk',  the  westernmost  government  of 
Siberia,  embracing  all  its  width  from  the  Central  Asiatic 
Provinces  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  lat.  55°  and  73° 
N.  and  Ion.  60°  and  80°  E.,  having  W.  the  Ural  Mountains 
and  the  governments  of  Perm  and  Orenboorg,  and  E.  the 
governments  of  Tomsk  and  Yeniseisk.  Area,  531,959 
iquare  miles.   Pop.  1,086,848.    The  surface  is  mountainous 


in  the  S.  and  W. ;  elsewhere  mostly  level.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Obi  and  its  large  tributaries,  the  Irtish,  Ishim,  To 
bol,  <fec.  N.  of  lat.  65°  or  66°  the  whole  country  is  a 
sterile  moor,  frozen  during  nine  months  of  the  year.  A 
wide  forest-region  of  firs  and  birch  extends  between  lat 
65°  and  58°  N.,  S.  of  which  is  the  most  productive  ftnd 
populous  portion  of  the  government ;  this  being  succeeded 
S.  by  a  desert  steppe.  Rye,  barley,  wheat,  oats,  and  buck- 
wheat are  produced,  and,  with  other  necessaries,  are  con- 
veyed down  the  Obi  and  other  rivers  to  the  N.,  in  return 
for  large  quantities  of  furs  and  skins,  which  are  sent  to  the 
fair  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  and  to  the  Kirgheez  country 
and  Eiakhta  in  return  for  Bokhara  and  Chinese  products. 
Iron,  copper,  gold,  silver,  and  platinum  are  raised  in  the 
Ural  chain ;  and  at  Tioomen  and  some  other  places  are 
thriving  leather-,  soap-,  woollen-,  and  other  factories. 
Transit  and  general  commerce  is,  however,  much  more 
important  than  manufacturing  industry.  Population  most 
thickly  collected  between  Omsk  and  Tobolsk,  in  which  tract 
is  a  succession  of  Tartar,  Kirgheez,  and  Russian  villages. 
The  principal  towns  are  Tioomen,  Yalootrovosk,  Tobolsk, 
Koorgan,  Tara,  Toorinsk,  Demiansk,  and  Berezov. 

Tobolsk,  the  capital  city  of  West  Siberia,  and  of  the 
above  government,  at  the  junction  of  the  Irtish  and  Tobol 
Rivers,  in  lat.  58°  12'  39"  N.,  Ion.  68°  16'  39"  E.  Pop. 
20,132.  The  city  proper  stands  on  the  flat  summit  of  a 
hill,  is  enclosed  by  a  strong  brick  wall,  and  has  exter- 
nally a  fine  appearance.  The  streets  are  regular,  and 
mostly  paved  with  wood.  Principal  buildings,  a  cathe- 
dral with  5  cupolas,  20  other  churches,  the  archbishop's 
and  governor's  palaces,  prison,  public  offices,  and  a  monu- 
ment to  Yermak,  the  founder  of  Russian  influence  in  Si- 
beria. The  climate  is  so  severe  in  winter  that  mercury  is 
sometimes  frozen.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with  provisions 
and  means  of  entertainment  and  education,  and  its  society 
is  of  a  superior  order.  Tobolsk  was  founded  in  1587  ,*  it  is 
the  seat  of  the  military  governor  and  of  the  Archbishop  of 
West  Siberia,  and  of  a  civil  governor. 

Toboso,  to-Bo'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Toledo,  celebrated  in  "  Don  Quixote."  P.  2036. 

Toboso,  to-bo'so,  or  Tobos'co,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  railroad 
which  connects  Newark  with  Zanesville,  8  miles  E.  of 
Newark.     It  has  a  church. 

Toboyne,  to-boin',  township.  Perry  co..  Pa.   Pop.  914. 

To'by,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1140. 

To^byhan'na  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Monroe 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Lehigh  River. 

Tobyhanna  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa., 
in  Coolbaugh  township,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  sev- 
eral saw-mills. 

Toby's  River,  Pennsylvania.    See  Clarion  River. 

Tocaloma,  to-k&-Io'm&,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  33i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Tocantins,  to-k&n-teens',  a  large  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Goyaz,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Almas  and 
MaranhSo,  nearly  in  lat.  14°  S.  It  flows  almost  due  N., 
receiving  the  Paranan,  the  Manoel-Alves,  the  Rio  do 
Somno,  and  the  Manoel-Alves-Septentrional.  On  reaching 
the  N.  confines  of  Gtoyaz  it  makes  a  bend  to  the  W.,  till  it 
reaches  the  town  of  SSo  JoSo  das  dnas  Barras,  in  lat.  6° 
S.  Here  it  is  joined  and  doubled  in  volume  by  the  Ara- 
guay,  after  which  it  flows  almost  due  N.  across  the  state 
of  Par&,  receiving  in  succession  the  Sand6  on  the  left  and 
the  Moju  on  the  right,  and  falls  into  the  Par&  about  70 
miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Belem  or  Parti.  Its  course 
under  its  own  proper  name  is  about  1500  miles,  and  at  the 
town  of  Cameta,  where  the  embouchure  commences,  its 
channel  is  about  8  miles  wide.  The  tide  ascends  to  Fort 
Alcobaja,  300  miles  from  the  sea. 

Tocantins,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  210  milea 
N.E.  of  Goyaz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  BacalhSo. 

Tocat,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Tokat. 

Tocayma,  or  Tocaima,  to-ki  m&,  a  town  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Toccia,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Toce. 

Tocco,  tok'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  1300. 

Tocco,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Chieti,  near  the  Pescara.     Pop.  3902. 

Toccoa,  tSk'ko-^,  Toc'oa,  or  Toc'coa  City,  a 
post-village  of  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  k  Rich- 
mond Air-Line  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Elbertoc 
Air-Line,  93  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  as 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  700. 


TOO 


2626 


TOK 


Toccopola,  t5k^ko-po'l%,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoo 
eo.,  Miss.,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford,  and  about  42  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Toce,  to'chi,  Toccia,tot'oh4,or  Tosa,  to's4,  a  river 
of  Italy,  Piedmont,  rises  in  the  Alps  near  the  Simplon,  and, 
after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles,  enters  Lago  Maggiore  on  its  W. 
side,  3  miles  E.  of  Qravellona,  where  it  receives  the  surplus 
waters  of  the  Lake  of  Orta.  Chief  affluent,  the  Anzasoa. 
The  bay  of  the  lake  which  it  enters  is  called  the  Gulf  of 
Toce.  Near  Formazza  it  presents  one  of  the  finest  series  of 
cascades  in  the  Alps,  having  a  total  descent  of  1000  feet. 

Tochocuno,  Georgia.    See  Echaconneb. 

Tocina,  to-thee'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  about  20  miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1490. 

Tockenburg)  Switzerland.     See  ToaaKNBURO. 

Tocoa  River,  Tennessee.    See  Ocoeb  River. 

Tocoi)to-koy',  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  John's  oo.,  Fla.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  Eiver,  about  48  miles  S.  of 
Jacksonville.  The  St.  John's  Railroad  extends  from  this 
place  to  St.  Augustine.  The  river  is  here  4  miles  wide,  and 
18  bordered  with  orange-groves. 

Tocuyo,  to-koo'yo,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  rises  E.  of 
Trujillo,  flows  N.  and  N.E.,  and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea 
N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Triste.  Total  course,  200  miles,  for  half 
of  which  it  is  navigable.     Principal  affluent,  the  Carora. 

TocuyO)  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Barquesimeto, 
on  the  Tocuyo,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trujillo.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, convents,  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  13,537. 

Todd,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Pond  River,  and  drained  by  Elk  Creek  and  small 
affluents  of  Green  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  limestone.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Louisville 
i,  Nashville  Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Elkton, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,612;  in  1880,  16,994;  in 
1890,  16,814. 

Todd,  a  county  of  Minnesota,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  972  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Long 
Prairie,  Swan,  and  Crow  Wing  Rivers,  the  last  of  which 
touches  the  N.E.  part.  Sauk  River  also  rises  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  numerous  little  lakes. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees 
cover  a  large  part  of  the  surf^e.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  former  of 
which  connects  with  Long  Prairie,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2036;  in  1880,  6133;  in  1890,  12,930. 

Todd,  a  southern  county  of  South  Dakota,  borders  on 
Nebraska.  Area,  45  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River.  It  contains  part  of  a 
military  reservation.  Capital,  Fort  Randall.  Pop.  in  1870, 
337;  in  1880,  203;  in  1890,  188. 

Todd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Colfax, 

Todd,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  634. 

Todd,  a  post-township  of  Huntingdon  co,.  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona.     Pop.  781. 

Tod'dington,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Bedford,  5 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Dunstable.  Pop.  of  parish,  2464,  em- 
ployed in  the  straw-plait  manufacture. . 

Todd's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  C,  in  Marion 
township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Cutler. 

Todd's  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Clinton  co.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Little  Miami  River  in  Warren 
CO.,  at  Morrow. 

Todd's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  about 
22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches. 

Todd's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky. 

Todd's  Valley,  a  mining  post-village  of  Placer  oo,, 
Cal.,  56  miles  N,E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
gold-mine. 

Todds'ville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hartwick  township,  about  2  miles  W.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Todd'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township,  Linn 
00,,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N,N,W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Todi,  to'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  24  miles  S.  of  Perugia. 
Pop.  4747,  It  13  of  high  antiquity,  and  has  Etruscan 
walls,  and  a  cathedral.  Here,  in  552,  Narses  defeated  and 
killed  the  Gothic  king  Totila. 


Todiberg,  a  summit  of  the  Alps.    See  DSdiberg. 

Tod'morden,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
parish  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rochdale,  on  the  Rochdale 
Canal,  and  on  the  Manchester  &  Leeds  Railway.  Pop. 
11,988,  chiefly  employed  in  cotton-manufactures.  The 
town  is  in  the  picturesque  valley  of  the  Calder.  Coal  is 
abundant  in  its  vicinity. 

Todmorden,  Ontario.    See  Doncaster. 

Todos  OS  Santos,  Bay  of.    See  All-Saints'  Bat. 

Todtes-Meer,  Palestine.    See  Dead  Sea, 

Toeban,  too^bin',  a  village  of  Java,  province  and  55 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rembang.  It  is  large  and  busy,  lies  on 
an  excellent  bay,  and  has  some  boat-building.     P.  21,326. 

Toekoekemou,  too-koo^ki-moo',  a  small  island  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  Carimata  Passage.  Lat.  2°  31'  S. ; 
Ion,  108°  36'  30"  E, 

Toenningen,  a  town  of  Prvissia.    See  Toitnins. 

Toeplitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,    See  Toplitz, 

Toeplitz,  Hungary.     See  Teplitz. 

Toe  River,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.      P.  619. 

Toggenburg,  tog'gh§n-b55RG\  the  upper  valley  of  th« 
river  Thur,  in  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall.  Length, 
30  miles.  It  embraces  almost  all  the  various  features  of 
Alpine  scenery, 

Togia  (to'ghe-&)  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
are  an  extensive  group  of  islets  in  the  Bay  of  Goonong 
Telia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes. 

Toglio,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy.     See  Teglio. 

Togus  Springs.     See  National  Military  Home. 

Tohickon,  to-hik'iin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
on  Tohickon  Creek,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  flour-mill, 

Tohickon  Creek,  Bucks  co..  Pa,,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  River, 

Toirano,  to-e-r4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N,  of 
Alben^a,  with  a  remarkable  stalaotitic  grotto.     Pop.  1171. 

Toiros,  to'e-roce,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name, 
15  miles  N.  of  Natal.  It  contains  a  church  and  a  primary 
school,  and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  salt,  leather, 
hides,  salt  pork,  and,  above  all,  cotton  of  excellent  quality. 

Toisnot,  tSs'not,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Wilmington  <k  Weldon  Railroad,  32  miles  N,  of  Golds- 
borough.    It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  Ao. 

Toiyabe,  toi-yi'be,  a  post-ofiice  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Toiyabe  Mountains,  Nevada,  a  long  range  which 
traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  Lander  co.  and  the  If.  part  of 
Esmeralda  co.  The  direction  of  this  range  is  nearly  N.  and 
S.  The  noted  Reese  River  silver-mines  are  among  these 
mountains,  near  Austin,  in  Lander  co. 

Tok,  tok,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  about  50  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Orenboorg,  flows  circuitously  W.,  and  joins  the  right  bank 
of  the  Samara  a  little  above  Boozoolook.  Length,  120  miles, 

Toka,  to'ki,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's  domin- 
ions, 25  miles  S,W.  of  Aurungabad.  It  is  a  good  deal  re- 
sorted to  by  Hindoo  pilgrims. 

Tokat,  or  Tocat,  to^kit',  a  city  of  Asia  Minor,  58 
miles  N.W.  of  Seevas,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak.  Pop.  about 
60,000.  It  is  surrounded  on  3  sides  by  hills,  and  has  ex- 
ternally a  handsome  appearance,  being  interspersed  with 
trees  and  orchards,  but  it  is  meanly  built.  Its  commercial 
importance  has  declined ;  still  it  is  a  considerable  depot  for 
agricultural  produce,  and  has  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics 
and  calico,  dyeing-works,  and  a  large  government  estab- 
lishment at  which  is  refined  all  the  copper  produced  by  the 
mines  of  Arghana-Maden,  near  Diarbekir. 

Tokay,  to-ki'  (Hun.pron.  to-koi'),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Zemplin,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Theiss,  at  the  in- 
flux of  the  Bodrogh,  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Debreczin.  Lat. 
48°  7'  N.;  Ion.  21°  24'  E.  Pop.  5012.  It  has  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  Lutheran,  Reformed,  and  Greek  United 
churches,  and  Piarist  and  Capuchin  convents.  It  is  the 
entrepSt  for  the  famous  Tokay  wine,  produced  in  the  hilly 
tract  called  the  Hegyalja,  between  the  Bodrogh  and  Her- 
nad  Rivers.     See  Heotalja. 

To'ken-Bes'seys,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago.     Lat.  6°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  56'  E. 

To'ken  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis,,  about 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison. 

Tokerville,  Kane  co.,  Utah.    See  Toquerville. 

Tokio,  to'ke-o,  or  Tokei,  to'ka-e,  prior  to  1868  called 
Yed'o,  Yed'do,  Jeddo,  or  ledo,  yed'do,  a  city,  port, 
and  the  capital  of  the  Japanese  Empire  (see  Japan),  is 
situated  in  the  E.  part  of  Hondo,  the  main  island,  on  the 
Bay  of  Yedo,  and  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Todagawa  or 
Ogava  River.  Lat.  35°  40'  N, ;  Ion,  139°  40'  E.  In  area 
Tokio  exceeds  any  European  or  American   capital,  com- 


TOK 


2627 


TOL 


prising  60  square  miles ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  this  is 
taken  up  in  gardens,  temples,  sacred  groves,  &o.  The  built- 
up  portions  cover  about  28  square  miles  in  all,  of  which 
about  one-eighth  is  ocoupied  by  moats  and  canals.  The 
buildings  are  gathered  in  numerous  compact  groups,  with 
extended  intervals.  The  city  is  distinctively  divided  into 
3  districts, — 1,  Siro,  the  imperial  citadel,  surrounded  by 
stonewalls  and  a  moat;  2,  Soto-Siro,  "outside the  citadel," 
also  surrounded  by  a  system  of  walls,  moat,  <&c. ;  and  3, 
Midzi,  "  outer  parts ;"  and  beyond  this  is  another  system 
of  defences.  The  Midzi  were  formerly  taken  up  largely 
with  the  residences  of  the  daimios,  but  now  these  have 
given  place  to  government  buildings,  colleges,  barracks, 
foundries,  steam  mills  and  factories,  <!ko.  Outside  of  these 
districts  there  are  miles  of  brick  and  stone  buildings, 
mostly  in  European  styles  of  architecture,  the  growth  of 
the  few  years  since  Tokio  became  the  seat  of  government 
and  the  place  of  sojourn  of  the  ministers  of  foreign  coun- 
tries, and  consequently  an  important  centre  of  foreign 
trade.  The  streets  of  the  modern  Tokio  are  regular,  wide, 
and  remarkably  clean,  and  there  are  many  evidences  of 
an  intelligent  appreciation  of  European  civilization.  The 
supply  of  water,  obtained  from  the  Tonegawa,  9  miles 
away,  is  abundant,  and  the  water  is  excellent.  The  city  is 
under  good  police  regulations,  being  divided  for  this  pur- 
pose into  9  districts  and  96  sub-districts,  with  stations 
at  convenient  points,  connected  with  one  another  and  with 
the  central  station  by  telegraph,  and  the  police  force  con- 
sists of  3500  men,  neatly  uniformed,  under  a  good  corps  of 
oflScers.  The  city  is  connected  by  railway  and  telegraph 
with  Yokohama  and  other  principal  commercial  cities.  Be- 
sides the  palace  and  other  government  buildings,  there  are 
the  following  edifices  worthy  of  mention :  the  imperial  uni- 
versity, a  large,  couunodious  building,  with  a  faculty  em- 
bracing nearly  100  foreign  instructors ;  a  steadily  growing 
number  of  schools,  already  attended  by  nearly  100,000 
jupils  from  all  parts  of  the  empire;  4  Christian  churches, 
many  large  stores,  banks,  and  other  business  establish- 
ments, after  the  style  of  European  and  American  cities. 
There  are  more  than  a  dozen  newspapers  printed  here.  The 
foreign  trade  of  Tokio  is  very  limited,  on  account  of  the 
shallowness  of  the  water  in  the  bay  and  river,  which  pre- 
vents large  vessels  from  approaching  within  about  5  miles ; 
but  there  is  a  rapidly  growing  interest  in  manufactures,  and 
there  are  many  considerable  establishments  employing 
steam  and  modem  machinery  of  the  most  approved  kinds. 
Pop.,  some  years  before  the  city  was  opened  to  foreigners, 
was  stated  to  be  about  1,500,000 ;  but  many  of  the  natives 
left  the  city  in  1869  and  the  three  or  four  succeeding  years, 
■0  that  in  1872  a  careful  enumeration  showed  but  779,361. 
Pop.  by  the  census  of  1884,  902,837  ;  in  1891,  1,155,290. 

Tokinahy  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Tola,  an  island  of  Zanguebar.     See  Toola. 

To'land's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Wis.,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Tolapaica,  to-li-pil'ki,  a  mountain-pass  of  South 
America.     Lat.  18°  S.     Height,  13,570  feet. 

To'larsville,  a  post-oflRce  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Toibiacum,  Prussia.     See  ZtJLPicH. 

Tol'chester  Beach,  a  summer  bathing-place  of  Kent 
eo.,  Md.,  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  23  miles 
E.  of  Baltimore. 

Tolcsva  (Nagt),  Hungary.     See  Nagy  Tolcsva. 

Toledo,  to-le'do  (Sp.  pron.  to-li'no;  anc.  Tole'twn),  a 
eity  of  Spain,  and  its  capital  under  the  Goths  and  Moors, 
now  capital  of  the  province  of  Toledo,  on  the  Tagus,  41 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Madrid,  with  which  and  with  Ciudad  Ro- 
drigo  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Lat.  39°  52'  24"  N. ;  Ion. 
4*>  49'  W.  Pop.  (said  to  have  amounted  formerly  to  200,000) 
17,633.  It  is  situated  on  a  rocky  height,  is  very  cold  in 
winter  and  hot  in  summer,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  Moorish 
wall,  flanked  by  numerous  towers,  and  has  many  steeples. 
The  streets  and  squares  are  narrow,  irregular,  ill  paved, 
and  dull.  The  cathedral  of  Toledo,  the  metropolitan  church 
of  Spain,  founded  in  587,  is  404  feet  in  length,  204  feet  in 
width,  with  a  lofty  tower  and  spire.  Many  of  its  paintings 
have  been  transferred  to  the  national  gallery  at  Madrid, 
and  much  of  the  wealth  of  the  cathedral,  in  gold,  silver, 
and  jewels,  has  been  applied  to  secular  uses.  Toledo  has  a 
university,  4  colleges,  numerous  hospitals  and  asylums,  in- 
cluding 2  for  foundlings  and  lunatics,  a  town  hall,  and  a 
mint.  Toledo  has  long  been  famous  for  its  manufacture  of 
Bword-blades,  and  great  skill  is  still  shown  in  tempering 
them.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens,  paper, 
guitar-strings,  coarse  glass,  and  leather.  An  amphitheatre 
and  some  walls  of  the  ancient  Toletum  still  attest  its  im- 
portance under  the  Romans.     It  was  taken  by  the  Goths  in 


467,  and  by  the  Moors  in  714,  and  retained  by  the  last  tlU 
1085,  when  it  was  permanently  annexed  to  the  crown  of 
Castile. Inhab.  Toledan,  to-lee'd^n. 

Toledo,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  bounded 
N.  by  the  provinces  of  Madrid  and  Avila,  E.  by  Cuenca,  S. 
by  Ciudad  Real,  and  W.  by  Caoeres.  Area,  5586  squar* 
miles.     Pop.  342,272. 

Toledo,  to-lee'do,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Georgia  Pacific  Railway  (Alta  Station),  21  miles  E. 
of  Fayette  Court-House. 

Toledo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cleveland  oc,  Ark., 
about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Toledo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cumberland  oo..  111., 
is  in  a  farming,  lumbering,  and  stock-raising  section,  on 
the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railway,  17  miles  S.B.  of 
Mattoon.  It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
numerous  business  concerns.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Toledo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Toledo  township,  on  the  Toledo  <k  Northwestern  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  N. 
of  the  Iowa  River,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Marshall- 
town,  and  50  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  banking-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  several  stores.   Pop.in  1880, 1026;  in  1890, 1836. 

Toledo,  a  post-village  in  Toledo  township.  Chase  oo., 
Kansas,  near  Cottonwood  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  To- 
peka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Emporia. 
The  township  contains  3  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  674. 

Toledo,  a  city,  the  port  of  entry  of  the  Miami  district, 
and  the  capital  of  Lucas  oo.,  0.,  is  situated  on  Maumee 
River,  5  miles  from  the  bay,  and  8  miles  from  Lake  Erie, 
92  miles  W.  of  Cleveland,  115  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus, 
and  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit,  in  lat.  41°  39'  N.,  Ion.  83* 
32'  W.  Toledo  has  a  fine  harbor,  the  water  of  the  river 
being  of  sufficient  depth  to  accommodate  the  largest  ves- 
sels since  the  completion  of  the  "Straight  Channel" 
through  Maumee  Bay  to  the  lake.  It  has  also  direct  eom- 
munication  with  Cincinnati  by  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal, 
and  is  the  centre  of  no  less  than  16  railroads,  which  have 
free  communication  with  one  another  and  with  the  dooks 
by  the  Belt  line.  In  1887  natural  gas  was  piped  to  the  city 
by  two  lines  from  wells  in  the  famous  Findlay  field,  32  miles 
distant,  and  is  still  (1894)  largely  used  as  fuel  in  private 
houses.  Toledo  has  11  elevators,  with  storage  for  7,207,000 
bushels  of  grain.  Like  its  Western  neighbor,  its  chief  im- 
ports and  exports  are  grain  and  flour,  and  in  these  its  trade 
is  very  large  and  steadily  growing,  as  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  in  1868  the  total  deliveries  of  grain  were  16,141,990 
bushels ;  in  1893,  42,000,000  bushels.  Toledo  has  also  an 
important  trade  in  live-stock,  lumber,  hides,  wool,  iron, 
cotton,  tobacco,  whiskey,  &o.  The  manufactures  of  the 
city  are  extensive,  and  show  a  most  encouraging  growth ; 
in  the  two  branches  of  lumber  and  flour  alone  it  has 
reached  in  a  single  year  (1886)  301,531,000  feet  of  lumber, 
82,164,000  laths,  98,000,000  shingles,  and  699,245  barrels  of 
flour.  The  manufacturing  establishments  include  the  sec- 
ond largest  wagon-works  in  America,  15  planing-mills,  7 
sash-  and  blind-factories,  3  pump-factories,  13  foundries,  4 
boiler-works,  5  establishments  for  building  steam-engines, 
together  with  a  number  for  casting  ploughs,  making  sewing- 
machines,  malleable-iron  articles,  car-wheels,  building  boats 
and  bridges,  carriages,  manufacturing  furniture  and  cabi- 
net-ware, &o.  There  are  50  churches,  25  public  and  12 
denominational  and  private  schools,  a  university,  a  free 
public  library,  6  daily  and  14  weekly  papers,  3  hospitals,  3 
orphan  asylums,  several  other  asylums  and  various  chari- 
ties, 7  national  and  6  other  banks,  and  20  hotels.  The 
city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  a  common  council  of  two 
boards.  It  has  an  efficient  police  force,  an  excellent  paid 
fire  department,  and  an  abundant  supply  of  good  water. 
Toledo  was  incorporated  in  1836,  the  two  villages  of  Fort 
Lawrence  and  Vistula,  with  a  total  population  of  less  than 
1000,  being  united  to  form  a  new  city.  Pop.  in  1 850, 3829 ; 
in  1860,  13,768;  in  1870,  81,684;  in  1880,  60,137;  in  1890, 
81,434. 

Toledo,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Yaquina  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salem,  and  8 
miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Toledo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  2  or  3 
miles  from  Washington.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Toledo,  to-lee' Jo  (formerly  Kit'ley),  a  post-village  in 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  Irish  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Irish  Creek. 
It  has  excellent  water-power,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  » 
carding-mill,  2  hotels,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Toledo  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  on  th« 
Sabine  River,  90  miles  N.  of  Orange.     It  has  a  church- 


TOL 


2628 


TOM 


Toledo,  Mountains  of.    See  Spain. 

Tolen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Tholen. 

TolentinO)  to-lfln-tee'no  (ano.  Tolenti'num),&  town  of 
Italy,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Macerata,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Chienti.  Pop.  4289.  It  has  a  cathedral,  with  memorials 
of  its  builders,  the  Visconti.  Tolentino  has  acquired  some 
aelebrity  from  the  treaty  which  was  dictated  to  Pope  Pius 
VI.  in  1797  by  Bonaparte.  In  1815  a  battle  fought  in  the 
neighborhood  sealed  the  fate  of  Murat,  who  was  defeated 
by  the  Austrians. 

Tolersville,  to'l^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  56  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  2  churches,  and  an  iron-foundry. 

Tolesborongh,  tolz'biir-rah,  a  post-village  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Ky.,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Toleston,  or  Tollestone,  tSl'^s-t^n,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  at  Tollestone  Station,  and  on  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  26^  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  church. 

Toletum,  the  ancient  name  of  Tolbdo. 

Tolfa,  tol'fi,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Civita 
Vecohia.    It  has  important  alum-works.    Pop.  3226. 

Tolima,  to-lee'mi,  a  volcano  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, in  the  department  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  4°  46'  N. ; 
Ion.  75°  37'  W.     Height,  18,270  feet. 

Tolima,  a  large  department  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, lying  between  the  two  main  Andean  ranges,  and 
traversed  by  the  Upper  Magdalena.     Pop.  230,891. 

ToMing')  a  town  of  Thibet,  near  the  Upper  Sutlej,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Chaprung.     It  has  a  magnificent  temple. 

Tolkemit,  tol'k^h-mit*,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  37 
miles  E.  of  Dantzic,  on  the  Frische-Haff.     Pop.  2751. 

Tol'land,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Connecticut, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Willimantic,  Hop,  and  Hookanum  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  in  the  E.,  and  nearly  level  in  the  W.  Butter, 
Indian  corn,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  New  London  Northern  and  the 
New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroads.  Capital,  Tolland. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,000;  in  1880,  24,112;  in  1890,  25,081. 

Tolland)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tolland  oo.,  Conn., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hart- 
ford, and  3i  miles  W.  of  Tolland  Station  of  the  New  Lon- 
don Northern  Railroad.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  an 
elevated  plain.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  and 
a  national  bank.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1169 ;  in 
1890, 1037.  Tolland  Station  is  31  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norwich. 

Tolland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tolland  township,  Hamp- 
den CO.,  Mass.,  27  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  ohuroD. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  452. 

Tollen,  tol'l^n,  a  lake  and  river  of  Mecklenburg-Stre- 
litz ;  the  lake  6  miles  in  length,  and  the  river  leaving  it  at 
Neu-Brandenburg,  and  joining  the  Peene  at  Demmin,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  45  miles. 

Tol'Iendale,  a  village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  1  mile 
from  Allendale.  It  contains  2  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills, 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Tollestone,  Lake  co.,  Ind.    See  Toleston. 

Toll  (tole)  Gate,  a  post-ofi5ce  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala. 

Tollgate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  1  mile 
from  Spray  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Toll  Gate,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Toll  House,  a  post-ofiice  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

Tollo,  tol'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  2754. 

Toll's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Yuba  co.,  towards  the 
N.  part  of  California,  flows  into  Indiana  Creek  about  1  mile 
from  its  mouth.     Gold  is  found  on  this  stream. 

Tolmezzo,  tol-mit'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Udine,  in  the  Alps,  on  the  Tagliamento,  1000 
feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  4321. 

Tolna,  tol'n6h\  or  Tolnau,  tol'nSw,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Danube,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Kalocsa.  Pop.  7309,  mostly  Germans.  It  has  royal  to- 
bacco-warehouses and  potash-works. 

Tolna,  a  county  of  Hungary,  in  the  S.  part.  Area, 
1400  square  miles.     Pop.  220,740. 

Toloar  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Tulour. 

Toloj,  or  Tolox,  to-lon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  W.  of  Malaga,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  de 
Toloj.    Pop.  2973. 

Tolometa,  to-lo-mi't4  (anc.  Ptolema'is),  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Barca,  on  the  Mediterranean,  65  miles  N.E.  of 
Benijazi,  with  extensive  remains  of  antiquity. 


Tolona,  to-lo'na,  a  post-oflSce  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  oa 
the  Middle  Fork  of  Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy,  Mis- 
souri &  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quincy. 

Tolon-Noor.    See  Chao-Naiman-Soome. 

Tolono,  to-lo'no,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co., 
111.,  in  Tolono  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  9 
miles  S.  of  Champaign,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Decatur,  and  13 
miles  N.  of  Tuscola.     It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce, 

1  or  2  banking-houses,  and  manafactures  of  carriages  and 
furniture.    Pop.  in  1880,  905;  in  1890,  902. 

Tolosa,  to-lo'si  (anc.  IturUaf),  a  town  of  Spain,  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  Guipnzcoa,  on  the  Oria  and  the 
Arages,  16  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.  Pop.  5206.  It 
stands  in  a  narrow  defile,  enclosed  by  a  wall,  entered  by 
several  gates,  and  has  2  squares  (one  used  for  a  bull-ring), 

2  parish  churches,  a  town  hall,  hospital,  prison,  several 
fountains,  and  2  bridges.  It  has  manufactures  of  copper 
and  earthenwares,  woollen  cloth,  paper,  hats,  and  leather, 
and  a  large  factory  of  arms. 

Tolosa,  a  town  of  France.    See  Todlocse. 

Tolox,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Toloj. 

Tolten,  tol-tin',  a  river  of  Chili,  in  Araucania,  flows 
from  the  Lake  of  Villarica  W.  for  100  miles,  and  enters  the 
Pacific  Ocean  50  miles  N.  of  Valdivia. 

Toln,  or  Santiago  de  Tolu,  s&n-te-i'go  d&  to-Ioo', 
a  seaport  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  of 
Magdalena,  65  miles  S.  of  Cartagena,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mor- 
rosquillo.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  its  vicinity  produces 
much  corn,  with  dye-woods  and  the  balsam  of  Tolu. 

Toluca,  to-loo'kS,,  a  town  of  Mexico,  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Mexico,  near  a  volcanic  mountain.  Lat.  19°  16'  N. ;  Ion. 
99°  21'  W.     Pop.  12,000. 

Tolve,  tol'vl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  4368. 

TOlz,  tolz,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Isar,  26  miles  S. 
of  Munich.     Pop.  2950. 

Tom,  tom,  a  river  of  Siberia,  after  a  N.W.  course  of 
400  miles,  joins  the  Obi  40  miles  N.W.  of  Tomsk; 

Tom,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  799. 

To'mah,  a  post-village  in  Tomah  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
at  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  62 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Portage  City,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  La 
Crosse,  and  47  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  1245;  in 
1890,  2199  ;  of  the  township,  2897. 

Tomaha,  t5m-%-haw',  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  River  co., 
Texas,  4  miles  S.  of  Red  River,  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Blossom  Prairie  Station. 

Tom'ahawk,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co.,  Ark. 

Tomahawk,  Virginia.    See  Hallsborocob. 

Tomahawk  Spring,  post-office,  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tomales,  to-m&'lds,  a  post-village  of  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
is  on  Tomales  Bay,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad, 
and  near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  15  miles  W.  of  Petaluma,  and 
55  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  warehouses  for 
grain  (which  is  shipped  here),  2  churches,  and  a  bank. 

Tomales  Bay,  California,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  southeastward  into  Marin 
CO.     It  is  about  14  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide. 

Tomantonl,  to-man-tool',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  BanflF,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Grantown. 

Tomaszow,  to-mi'shov,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  66  miles  S.E.  of  Lublin.     Pop.  4861. 

Tomaszow,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of  Petri- 
kau,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Pilica,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rawa. 
Pop.  7015.  It  was  founded  in  1822.  It  has  iron-foundries, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton. 

Tomatola,  to-m5t'9-la,  post-office,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Tom'berlins,  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark. 

Tombig'bee  (or  Tombeck'bee)  River,  some- 
times called  the  Bigbee,  rises  in  Prentiss  co.,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Mississippi,  and  runs  southward  to  Columbus,  a  few 
miles  below  which  it  enters  Pickens  co.,  Ala.  It  next  flows 
nearly  southeastward  to  Demopolis,  and  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  the  cos.  of  Sumter,  Choctaw,  and  Washington 
on  the  right  and  Marengo  and  Clarke  on  the  left.  Ita 
general  direction  is  nearly  southward.  It  unites  with  the 
Alabama  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Clarke  co.  to  form  th« 
Mobile  River.  The  length  of  the  Tombigbee  is  estimated 
at  500  miles.  The  country  which  it  traverses  is  fertile  and 
nearly  level.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Columbus,  about 
400  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Tombooctoo,  or  Tombuctoo.    See  Tihbuctoo 

Tombs  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa 


TOM 


2629 


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I 


Tombstone*  toom'stCn,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of 
Coohise  00.,  Arizona,  and  a  prominent  mining  centre,  aboat 
«5  miles  S.E,  of  Tucson.     Pop.  in  1 880, 973 ;  in  1 890, 1 876. 

Tombuktu,  Central  Africa.    See  TiMBCoroo. 

Tome*  to'mi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  and  20  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Concepoion,  of  which  it  is  a  seaport.     Pop.  3529. 

To'mC)  a  village  of  Valencia  oo.,  New  Mexico,  180 
miles  S.W.  of  Otero.     It  has  a  church. 

Tomelloso,  to-mfil-yo'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  7423. 

Tom  Green,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Texas,  is 
drained  by  the  Concho  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
or  hilly.     Capital,  San  Angelo.     Pop.  in  1890,  5152. 

Tom^han'nock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittstown  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  about  40  houses. 

Tom^hick'en,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Dan- 
ville, Hazleton  &  Wilkesbarre  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.  of 
Hazleton,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Danville. 

Toni'IIo,  tom^ho',  a  river  of  China,  descends  from  the 
mountains  near  the  S.  frontiers  of  the  province  of  Shen- 
6ee,  enters  the  province  of  Se-Chuen,  flows  S.S.W.,  and 
joins  an  affluent  of  the  Yang-tse-Eiang  a  little  below  Pao- 
Ning,  after  a  coarse  of  about  100  miles. 

Tomina,  to-mee'n&,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  and 
fiO  miles  E.  of  Chuquisaca,  on  the  Guapai. 

Tominie  Bay,  Celebes.    See  Goonono-Tblla. 

Tom'kins  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Stony  Point  town- 
ship, Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Peekskill.  It  has  2  churches,  extensive  lime- 
kilns, and  about  100  dwellings. 

Tom'linson,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ark. 

Tomlinson  Station,  a  post-office  of  Champaign  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Havana,  Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad. 

Tomot'ley,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  oo.,  S.C.,  with 
a  station  on  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Beaufort. 

Tomp'kins,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  New 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  494  square  miles.  It  comprises 
the  southern  part  of  Cayuga  Lake,  the  head  of  which  is 
neux  the  middle  of  the  county.  It  is  drained  by  Fall,  Sal- 
mon, and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  verdant  hills  and  beautiful  scenery, 
especially  on  the  shores  of  Cayuga  Lake.  About  9  miles 
N.  W.  of  Ithaoa  is  a  oataraot  called  Taughannock  Falls,  which 
has  a  perpendicular  height  of  190  feet.  This,  says  Prof. 
James  Hall,  is  the  highest  fall  in  the  state.  Forests  of 
pine,  oak,  ash,  elm,  beech,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  a  largo 
part  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats, 
wheat,  barley,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  prod- 
acts.  Among  its  minerals  are  Tully  limestone,  Devonian 
•late,  and  sandstone.  Good  flagstones  are  obtained  from 
quarries  of  the  last.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
roads,— the  Southern  Central,  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Athens 
(both  now  controlled  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad),  and 
the  Elmira,  Cortland  &  Northern.  The  Cayuga  Lake  Rail- 
road terminates  at  Ithaoa,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  33,178 ;  in  1880,  34,445 ;  in  1890,  32,923, 

Tompkins,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  HI.    P.  2245. 

Tompkins,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  1262. 

Tompkins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Tompkins  township,  on  Grand  River,  about  26  miles  S.  of 
Lansing,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1164. 

Tompkins,  township,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  4046. 

Tomp'kins  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Putnam  Valley  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Maho- 
pac.     It  has  a  church. 

Tomp'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  oo.,  Ala., 
on  Tombigbee  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  York.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Tompkinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  oo., 
£y.,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a 
•oourt-house  and  2  churches.     Pop.  218. 

Tompkinsville,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md. 

Tompkinsville,  a  post-village  in  Castleton  toMrnship, 
Biohmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  New  York  Bay  and  the  N.E.  ooast 
of  Staten  Island,  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York.  It  has  4 
4sharches,  several  factories,  and  numerous  suburban  resi- 
dences.   It  is  on  the  Staten  Island  Railroad. 

Tompkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
about  7  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Carbondale.     It  has  a  church. 

Tomp'son's  Station,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Au- 
drain CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad. 


Tom's  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  stavea 
and  heading. 

Tom's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sorry  oo.,  N.C.,  about 
56  miles  N.  of  Salisbury. 

Tom's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Tenn. 

Tom's  Fork,  a  station  in  Doddridge  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Tomsk,  tomsk,  a  government  of  West  Siberia,  between 
lat.  49°  and  61°  N.  and  Ion.  76°  and  90°  E.,  having  S. 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  and  on  other  sides  the  governments  of 
Tobolsk,  Yeniseisk,  and  Semipalatinsk.  Area,  329,024 
square  miles.  Pop.  838,756.  Principal  rivers,  the  Obi  and 
the  Ishim.  In  the  S.  it  includes  the  larger  part  of  Lake 
Balkash,  and  on  the  S.E.  it  extends  to  the  Little  Altai, 
in  which  part,  and  in  the  district  of  Barnaul,  are  some  im- 
portant mining  establishments. 

Tomsk,  a  city,  capital  uf  the  above  government,  on 
the  Tom,  a  tributary  of  the  Obi.  Lat.  56°  29'  26"  N. , 
Ion.  84°  57'  57"  E.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  but  hat 
substantial  public  buildings,  comprising  a  cathedral,  tribu- 
nals, treasury,  fur-magazines,  barracks,  hospitals,  and  an 
orphan  asylum.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  of  a  civil 
governor,  and  of  the  superintendent  of  the  Altai  mines,  and 
carries  on  a  brisk  trade  in  cattle  and  furs.     Pop.  31,382. 

Toms  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  Barnegat  Bay  about  6  miles  E. 
of  the  village  of  Toms  River. 

Toms  River,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort,  capi- 
tal of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Dover  township,  on  a  small  river 
of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  Toms  River  Branch  of  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  5  miles  from  Barne- 
gat Bay,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  fine  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
manufactory  of  winter-green  oil.  Sloops  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place.  Cranberries  are  extensively  cultivated 
here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Tonara,  to-n&'r&,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  12  miles  E.  of 
Busachi.     Pop.  2073. 

Tonawanda,  t5n^a-w8n'd^  a  post-village  of  Erie 
and  Niagara  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Tonawanda  Creek,  11  miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Niagara  Falls.  It  is  mostly  in  Tonawanda 
township,  Erie  co.,  is  at  the  junction  of  several  branches  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Erie  Canal. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  and  several  mills.  Pop. 
in  1880,3864;  in  1890,  7145. 

Tonawanda  Creek,  New  York,  rises  near  the  north 
ern  border  of  Wyoming  co.,  and  runs  northward  to  Ba- 
tavia.     Below  this  town  it  flows  nearly  westward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Erie  and  Niagara  cos.,  and  enters  Ni- 
agara River  10  miles  N.  of  Buffalo.     Length,  75  miles. 

Tonbridge,  or  Tonbridge  Wells.  See  Tunbridqb. 

Tondella,  ton-dSl'li,  or  Bestieros,  bds-te-&'roce,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Viseu. 

Tondern,  ton'd§rn,  or  Tondere,  ton'd^r-^h,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Flensburg. 
Pop.  3440.  It  has  manufactures  of  fringe,  lace,  and  wool- 
len and  linen  fabrics. 

Tondi,  ton'dee,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
64  miles  E.  of  Madura,  on  Palk's  Strait. 

Tondiman,  India.    See  Poodoocottah. 

Tondja,  a  river  of  Roumelia.    See  Toonja. 

Tondo,  ton'do,  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  in 
Luzon,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Pasig, 
nearly  opposite  Manila.  It  has  a  governor's  house,  a  hand- 
some church,  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton  goods,  a  valu- 
able fishery,  and  a  considerable  trade,  ohiefly  in  the  hands 
of  Metis  and  Chinese. 

TonMon',  a  town  of  Manchooria,  on  the  Amoor,  at  tho 
mouth  of  a  small  river  of  its  own  name.  Lat.  49°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  136°  E. 

Tone,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  rises  S.  of 
Brendon  Hill,  flows  S.E.  and  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Parret 
about  midway  between  Langport  and  Bridgewater.  Course, 
30  miles,  for  the  last  10  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Taunton 
is  on  its  S.  bank. 

Tonedagana,  a  county  of  Michigan.    See  Emuett. 

Tone's  Bayou,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish.  La. 

Tonewanto,  a  creek  of  New  York.  See  Tonavahda. 

To'ney  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  oo.,  B.C.,  (J 
miles  E.  of  Belton. 

To'ney  River,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  oo.  of  Piotou, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  in  Northumber< 
land  Strait,  11  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 


TON 


2630 


TOO 


To'neytank,  a  hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  2  miles 
from  Salisbury.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tonga  (tong'ga)  Islands^  a  group  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  composing  a  section  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  lat. 
20°  S.,  Ion.  175°  W.,  and  comprising  at  least  150  islands, 
the  principal  of  which  are  Tongataboo,  Boscawen,  and  Kep- 
pel  Islands,  Vavao,  Hapai,  and  Eoa.  Pop.  (including  the 
outlying  islands  of  Ono,  Michaeloff,  Simonoff,  and  Pyl- 
staart),  25,000.  The  people  are  Christians.  See  Friendly 
Islands. 

Tongaloo,  Mississippi.    See  Tocoaloo. 

Tonganoxie^  t5n-g%-n5x'e,  a  post-village  of  Leaven- 
worth CO.,  Kansas,  in  Tonganoxie  township,  on  the  Leaven- 
worth Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Lawrence,  and  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1758. 

Tongataboo,  or  Tongatabn,  tong^a-ti'boo,  written 
also  Tonga,  or  Amsterdam  Island,  one  of  the  south- 
ernmost of  the  Tonga  Islands,  and  the  residence  of  their 
sovereign,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  21°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  175° 
28'  W.  Circuit,  upwards  of  50  miles.  Surface  low;  soil 
very  fei'tile;  products  comprise  yams,  plantains,  bananas, 
sugar-cane,  fine  timber,  coir,  and  abundant  supplies  of  hogs 
and  other  provisions  adapted  for  shipping.  The  inhab- 
itants have  been  converted  to  Christianity.  Principal  towns, 
Moa  and  Nakualo.  This  island  was  discovered  by  Tasman 
in  1643. 

Tong- Chang,  tong^ching',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Shan-Toong,  on  a  river  flowing  into  the  Gulf  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Tong-Chow,  tong^ch5w',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  on  the  Pei-Ho,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peking. 

Tongerloo,  tong^^r-ls'  or  tong^H?r-lo',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  province  and  23  miles  E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the 
Wimpe  and  Steenloop.  Pop.  1919.  Near  it  is  the  abbey 
of  Tongerloo. 

Tong-Gin,  tong^ghin'  or  tong^gheen',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  27°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  65'  E. 

Tongho,  British  Burmah.     See  Toungoo. 

Tong^koo'  Bay,  or  Urm'ston  Harbor,  an  anchor- 
age in  the  estuary  of  the  Canton  River,  China,  on  its  E. 
side,  6  miles  N.  of  the  island  of  Lantao,  and  between  the 
island  of  Tongkoo  and  the  mainland. 

Tongoos  Tartars,  Siberia.    See  Toonqooses. 

Tongoy,  or  Tongoi,  ton-go'e,  sometimes  written 
Tongay,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  Tongoy  Bay,  province  and 
30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coquimbo.  It  is  connected  by  rail  with 
Tamaya  and  Ovalle.  It  has  smelting-works,  and  exports 
copper.     Pop.  1533. 

Tongres,  toNgr  (Flemish,  Tongern,  tong'^rn  or  tong'- 
u^rn ;  anc.  Tungri),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  on 
the  Jaar,  13  miles  S.SiE.  of  Hasselt.  Pop.  7147.  It  has 
breweries,  tanneries,  manufactures  of  hats  and  ohiocory,  and 
an  active  trade  in  hogs  and  corn. 

Tongsan,  tong^s&n',  or  Tnng-Shan,  tilng^sh&n', 
an  excellent  harbor  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  China,  province  of 
Fo-Kien.     Lat.  23°  40'  N.;  Ion.  117°  30'  E. 

Tong-Tchoo,  or  Tong-Tchon,  tong^ohoo',  a  town 
of  China,  in  Shen-See,  60  miles  N.E.  of  See-Ngan. 

Tong-Tchuen,  tongVhoo-Sn',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Se-Chuen,  near  its  S.  boundary  and  near  the  Yang- 
tse-Kiang.     It  is  important  as  a  military  post. 

Tong-Ting-Hoo,  or  Tong-Ting-Hon,  tong^- 
ting^hoo',  a  large  lake  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe, 
near  the  limit  of  Hoo-Nan.  It  receives  several  large 
rivers,  and  communicates  at  its  N.  extremity  with  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Tongue  (tang)  River  rises  in  the  Big  Horn  Moun- 
tains, in  the  N.  part  of  Wyoming,  passes  into  Montana, 
runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone 
River  near  lat.  46°  20'  N.,  Ion.  106°  W.,  about  35  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Powder  River.     It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Tonica,  ton'^-ka,  a  post-village  in  Eden  township, 
La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.  of  La  Salle,  and  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Streator.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  oflSoes,  3  oharohes, 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Tonk,  a  native  state  of  India,  the  only  Mohammedan 
principality  in  Rajpootana.  Area,  2730  square  miles.  It 
is  composed  of  6  detached  districts,  part  of  which  are  in 
Central  India.     Capital,  Tonk.     Pop.  320,000. 

Tonk,  tonk,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  48 
miles  S.  of  Jeypoor.  It  stands  in  a  hollow,  and  is  protected 
by  a  stone  wall. 

Tonkin,  French  Indo-China.     See  Tonquis. 
Tonnay-Charente,    ton^ni'-shi'rfiNt',  a   town  of 


France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Charente,  3  milei 
E.  of  Rochefort.  Pop.  2203.  It  has  a  port  on  the  river 
for  vessels  of  600  tons. 

Tonneins,  ton^niN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Garonne,  and  on  the 
railway  from  Bordeaux  to  Cette,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Mar- 
mande.  Pop.  5803.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco  and 
cordage,  and  a  trade  in  prunes,  wine,  brandy,  hemp,  Ac. 

Tonnerre,  ton'naiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  or. 
the  left  bank  of  the  Arman^on,  and  on  the  railway  fron? 
Paris  to  Lyons,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Auxerre.  Pop.  4991. 
It  has  a  communal  college,  a  fine  hospital,  with  a  monu- 
ment to  Margaret  of  Burgundy,  tanneries,  foundries,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  chocolate,  nails,  and  re- 
nowned wine. 

TonneAvanda,  New  York.    See  Tonawanda. 

Tonning,  ton'ning,  Tdnningen,  or  Toenningen, 
ton'ning-f n,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  29  miles  W.S.W.  ot 
Sleswick,  on  the  Eider,  11  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
North  Sea.     Pop.  3130. 

Tonqnin,  or  Tonkin,  ton^keen',  a  French  possession 
in  Southeast  Asia,  formerly  the  northernmost  prqvince  of 
the  kingdom  of  Annam,  from  which  it  was  separated  in 
1884.  It  lies  between  lat.  19°  and  23°  N.  and  Ion.  102° 
and  108°  30'  E.,  having  N.  the  Chinese  provinces  Quang- 
Tong,  Quang-See,  and  Yun-Nan,  W.  the  Laos  country,  S. 
the  kingdom  of  Annam,  and  E.  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin.  Area, 
34,740  square  miles.  The  surface  near  the  sea  is  a  rich 
alluvial  plain,  and  the  country  is  watered  by  numerous 
rivers.  Rice  is  the  chief  grain  raised ;  other  products  are 
sugar,  cotton,  spices,  tea,  indigo,  saffron,  silk,  gums,  var- 
nishes, the  precious  metals,  &o.  Elephants  are  numerous, 
and  other  wild  animals  are  in  great  variety.  The  inhabi- 
tants are  mostly  Booddhists.  Eetcho,  the  capital,  and 
Hean,  on  the  Sang-Koi  River,  are  the  principal  towns 
known  to  Europeans.  Tonquin  was  conquered  by  the 
Chinese  in  1406,  and  by  the  Annamese  in  1790.  It  became 
a  French  possession  in  1884.  Pop.  9,000,000.  See  also 
Sang-Koi  and  Gdlf  of  Tonquin. 

Tonsberg,  tSns'bAno,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  stift 
of  Aggershuus,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Christiania  Fiord,  47 
miles  S.W.  of  Christiania.  Pop.  4541.  It  has  tobacco- 
factories,  distilleries,  and  a  good  harbor;  it  exports  timber 
and  fish.  The  Gulf  of  Tonsberg  is  an  inlet  of  the  Skager- 
Rack,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Christiania  Fiord. 

Tonti,  ton'te,  a  station  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
(Chicago  division),  13  miles  N.E.  of  Centralia,  111. 

Tontogany,  tonHog'a-ne,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co., 
0.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-ofiBce.  A  short  railroad  connects 
it  with  Bowling  Green. 

Tontoli,  ton-to'lee,  a  town  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Cele- 
bes, on  a  bay,  capital  of  a  state  of  its  own  name.  Near  it 
are  gold-mines. 

To'ny,  a  post-oflBce  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn.,  42  miles  S.W. 
of  Columbia. 

Tonyn  (to'nin)  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  Strait  of  Macassar,  W.  of  Celebes.  Lat.  5* 
33' S.;  Ion.  118°  34'  E. 

Tooareeks,  Tnariks,  Touariks,  or  Touaryks^ 
too-i-reeks'  or  too-4-riks',  a  people  of  Africa,  in  Sahara. 

Tooat,  Touat,  Tnat,  too'it',  or  Tawat,  ti-wAt', 
an  oasis  of  Africa,  in  Sahara,  nearly  equidistant  from  Mo- 
rocco, Algeria,  Tunis,  and  Fezzan.     Chief  town,  Agably. 

Toobaung,  a  lake  of  Canada.     See  Doobaunt. 

Toobonai,  too^bo-nl',  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
lat.  23°  23'  S.,  Ion.  149°  24'  W.,  one  of  the  Society  Islands, 
6  miles  in  circuit.     It  was  discovered  by  Cook  in  1777. 

Toobooai,  Toubouai,  or  Tubuai,  too-boo-i',  or 
Aus'tral,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.  of  the  Society  Islands  and  Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  21° 
50'  to  23°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  11'  to  155°  W.  The  principal 
islands  of  the  group  are  Vavitao,  the  largest;  Toobooai 
proper,  which  is  not  more  than  5  miles  in  extent ;  and  Ohe- 
teroa,  which  is  1300  feet  high,  and  has  a  numerous  and 
inoffensive  population. 

Tooele,  too-el'e,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Utah,  borders  on  Nevada.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
Great  Salt  Lake,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Oquirrh  Mountains. 
It  comprises  part  of  the  Great  Basin,  or  Salt  Lake  Desert, 
in  which  timber  and  fresh  water  are  very  scarce.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  an  arid  treeless  table-land.  The  soil  re- 
quires irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Wheat,  wool,  oats, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  A  branch  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  enters  this  county.  Capital,  Tooele. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2177;  in  1880,  4497;  in  1890,  3700. 


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2631 


TOO 


1  ooelC)  a  post-Tillage,  capital  of  Tooele  oo.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Weste.-n  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Salt  Lake 
Cit).  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Tooggoort,  Toaggourt)0r  Tuggurt,  toog^goort', 
a  town  of  North  Africa.     Lat.  32°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  40'  E. 

Toola,  Toula,  or  Tula,  too'14,  a  river  of  the  Chi- 
nese Empire,  in  Khalkas  Country,  joins  the  Orkhon  110 
miles  S.S,W.  of  Kiakhta,  after  a  S.W.  and  N.W.  course  of 
200  miles. 

Toola^  too'l&,  or  Tola*  to'l&,  an  island  on  the  coast 
of  Zanguebar,  lat.  1°  0'  S.,  Ion.  42°  3'  30"  E.,  belonging 
to  the  Juba  group,  is  long  and  narrow,  and  has  on  its  shores 
ruins  of  chapels,  castellated  buildings,  and  factorial  resi- 
dences connected  with  the  early  Portuguese  settlements. 
The  Soallese,  who  inhabit  it,  feed  their  cattle  and  sheep  on 
its  low  bushes  and  stunted  grass. 

Toola,  or  Tola,  a  river  on  the  above  island,  is  shallow 
at  the  entrance,  but  deep  within. 

Toola,  Toula,  or  Tula,  too'li,  a  government  of 
European  Kussia,  nearly  in  its  centre,  mostly  between  lat. 
53°  and  55°  N.,  Ion.  36°  and  38°  40'  E.,  having  E.  Riazan, 
S.  Orel,  W.  Kalooga,  and  N.  the  government  of  Mos- 
cow. Area,  11,956  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  1,340,866. 
It  is  densely  peopled.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
Oka  forn)s  all  the  N.E.  and  N.  boundary,  and  the  Don  and 
Oopa  rise  in  this  government.  The  chief  crops  are  corn, 
beans,  mustard,  turnips,  hemp,  tobacco,  and  potatoes. 
Sheep,  cattle,  and  horses  are  extensively  reared.  Some 
inferior  coal  is  met  with,  and  iron-mines  extend  over  an 
area  of  10  square  miles  near  the  capital,  but  iron  is  a  chief 
import  for  the  manufactures  of  Toola.  Toola  has  exten- 
sive breweries  and  distilleries,  manufactories  of  leather  and 
beet  sugar,  and  exports  corn,  hemp,  flax,  cutlery,  fire-arms, 
hardware,  and  jewelry.  The  chief  towns  are  Toola,  Venev, 
Odoiev,  and  Novosil. 

Toola,  Toula,  or  Tala,  capital  of  the  above  gov- 
ernment, is  an  important  manufacturing  town  on  the  Oopa, 
105  miles  S.  of  Moscow.  Pop.  in  1882,  63,510.  It  is  the 
"  Sheffield  and  Birmingham"  of  Russia,  and  has  a  fine  ap- 
pearance. It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  oonvehts,  about 
30  churches  (one  of  which  is  a  very  handsome  structure, 
adorned  with  marble  columns),  a  free  school  and  gym- 
nasium, trades,  foundling,  and  other  hospitals,  a  house 
of  correction,  prison,  arsenal,  theatre,  museum,  and  a  vast 
manufactory  of  arms,  which  owes  its  origin  to  Peter  the 
Great.  The  articles  produced  are  of  good  quality,  and  the 
workpeople  enjoy  peculiar  privileges  and  immunities. 
Toola  has  also  manufactures  of  mathematical  and  scientific 
instruments,  jewelry,  platina-wares,  silks,  hats,  and  leather. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  military  governor,  a  bishop's  see, 
and  the  seat  of  a  chamber  of  manufactures.  In  its  vicinity 
are  many  gardens,  orchards,  and  nursery-grounds. 

Toolcha,  Toultcha,or  Tultcha,  tool'cha,,  written 
also  Tuldja,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Dobrudja,  on  the 
Danube,  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Tooley's,  too'liz,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish.  La. 

Tooley's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Cartwbight. 

Tooios,  Toulos,  or  Tulos,  too'los,  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, in  the  N.W.  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  about  24 
miles  long  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  6  miles  broad.  Its  banks 
are  steep,  and  it  contains  several  islands.  It  has  no  visible 
outlet,  though  several  lakes  send  their  waters  into  it. 

Toolsborough,  toolz'bilr-riih,  a  post-village  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  Louisa  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  about 
2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  22  miles  S.  of  Muscatine. 
Pop.  160. 

Toomat,  Toumat,  or  Tumat,  too^mit',  written 
also  Maleg,  a  river  of  Central  Africa,  in  South  Nubia, 
joins  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  near  lat.  11°  20'  N.,  Ion.  34°  45'  E. 

Too^mavar'ra,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co. 
of  Tipperary,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nenagh.     Pop.  885. 

Toembsboroagh,  toomz'bQr-riih,  or  Tooms'bor- 
ough,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Qa.,  on  the  Oconee 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  36  miles 
E.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  grist-  and  saw- 
mills. 

Toombaddra,  toom-biid'dr^,  or  Toongabuddra, 
toon-g^-biid'dr^  a  river  of  India,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Toonga  and  Buddra  in  Mysore,  flows  N.  and  E.,  and 
joins  the  Eistnah  15  miles  N.E.  of  Kumool.  In  parts  of 
its  course  it  separates  the  presidency  of  Madras  from  the 
Bombay  presidency  and  territory  of  the  Nizam.  Length, 
213  miles ;  or  to  remotest  source,  about  390  miles. 

Toomcoor,  toom^koor',  or  Toom^koor',  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  Toomcoor  district,  46  miles  N.W.  of 
Bangalore.    Pop.  11,170. 


Toomcoor,  Toomkoor,  or  Tnmkur,  toom^koor', 
a  district  of  India,  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Mysore.  Area, 
3603  square  miles.     Capital,  Toomcoor.     Pop.  632,239. 

Toomen,  Toumen,  or  Tumen,  too-mSn',  a  river 
of  Corea,  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  it  and 
Manchooria,  and  enters  the  Sea  of  Japan  near  lat.  42°  30' 
N.,  after  a  N.E.  and  S.E.  course  of  200  miles. 

Toomes's  Grant,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  CaL 
Pop.  40. 

Toomsal,  or  Tumsai,  toom's^l,  written  also 
Toomsur  and  Tumsar,  toom'sfir,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bhundara.     Pop.  7367. 

Toomsuba,  toom-soo'ba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Meridian.     It  has  3  churches. 

Toon,  toon,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Yezd,  45 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Tabas. 

Toone's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad, 
20  miles  S.  of  Jackson,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Bolivar.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Toongabuddra,  a  river  of  India.    See  Tooubuddra. 

Toong-Hai.    See  China  Sea. 

Toong-  (Toung>  or  Tung-)  Kiang,  toong'ke-4ng' 
("east  river"),  a  river  of  China,  rises  in  a  mountainous 
district  near  the  S.  frontiers  of  the  province  of  Kiang-See, 
enters  the  province  of  Quang-Tong,  flows  S.W.  to  Hoei- 
Choo,  then  nearly  W.,  and,  dividing  into  several  branches, 
falls  into  the  bay  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  town  of  Canton, 
after  a  course  of  about  250  miles. 

Toongooses,  Toungouses,  or  Tnnguses,  toong- 
goo's^z,  or  Toongoos  Tartars,  a  wandering  people  of 
Siberia,  chiefly  in  the  government  of  Yeniseisk. 

Toongooska,  Toungouska,  or  Tnnguska, 
toong-goos'ki,  three  rivers  of  Siberia,  tributary  to  the 
Yenisei,  and  all  flowing  to  it  from  the  E. 

Toong- Tao,  a  Chinese  name  of  Figasi-Sima. 

Tooi^a,  Toundja,  or  Tundja,  toon'j&,  a  river  of 
Roumelia,  in  Adrianople,  rises  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Bal- 
kans, flows  first  E.,  then  S.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Maritza 
near  Adrianople.     Length,  150  miles. 

Too^noor',  a  city  of  India,  in  Mysore,  10  miles  N.W 
of  Seringapatam.     It  has  a  large  reservoir  of  water. 

Too-Ping-Ling,  or  Tou-Ping-Ling,  too^ping*- 
ling',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo.  Lat.  35* 
23'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  55'  E.    It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Toora,  Toura,  or  Tura,  too'ri,  a  river  of  West  Si- 
beria, governments  of  Perm  and  Tobolsk,  joins  the  Tobol 
70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  S.  course  of  300  miles. 

Tooravanoor,  tooV4-v4-noor',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Mysore,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  5072. 

Toorboot,  Tourbout,  or  Tnrbut,  toor^boot',  a 
town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  60  miles  S.  of  Meshed. 

Toorcomans,  Asia.    See  Toorkohans. 

Too'rek,  or  Turek,  too'rgk,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  7110. 

Toorfan,  Tourfan,  or  Turfan,  toor^f4n',  an  active 
volcano  in  a  mountain-chain  N.  of  the  town  of  Toorfan. 

Toorfan,  Tourfan,  or  Turfan,  a  town  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  180  miles  W.  of  Khamil. 

Toorgai,  or  Turgai,  tooK-ghi',  a  province  of  Asiatio 
Russia,  extending  N.  and  N.E.  from  the  Aral  Sea.  Area, 
202,183  square  miles.     Capital,  Toorgai.     Pop.  289,930. 

Toorgai,  a  town  of  Asiatio  Russia,  capital  of  the  pro7 
ince  of  Toorgai,  280  miles  W.  by  S.  of  AkmoUinsk. 

Toorinsk,  Tourinsk,  or  Turinsk,  too-rinsk',  a 
town  of  Siberia,  government  and  140  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tobolsk,  on  the  Toora,  an  affluent  of  the  Obi.     Pop.  3646. 

Toorinsk,  Tourinsk,  or  Turinsk,  too-rinsk', 
Ntzhnee,  nizh'nee,  and  Vbrkhnee,  vSrK'nee,  two  con- 
tiguous towns  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  im- 
mediately E.  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Verkhotoorie,  with  valuable  iron-mines. 

Toorkhal,  Tourkbal,  Turkhal,  or  Turkhall, 
toor^k4l'  (anc.  Sebastop'olU),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  about 
35  miles  S.E.  of  Amasia,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak,  at  the  foot 
of  an  almost  perpendicular  rook,  surmounted  by  an  old 
castle.  It  consists  of  800  or  900  houses,  and  its  environs, 
as  in  the  time  of  Strabo,  are  covered  by  fine  vineyards, 
cultivated  by  Armenians  and  Greeks.  Lat.  89°  58'  N.; 
Ion.  36°  48'  E. 

Toorkistan,  or  Turkistan,  tooB^kis-t&n',  a  wide 
region  of  Central  Asia,  partly  included  in  the  Chinese  Em- 
pire, and  partly  subdivided  among  several  independent 
states  and  hordes,  its  two  portions  being  separated  chiefly 
by  the  table-land  of  Pameer,  the  Bolor-Tagh,  and  the  Mooz- 
Tagh.    In  maps  it  is  sometimes  called  Bucharia, — Great 


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2632 


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Bdcharia  being  a  name  applied  to  West  Toorkistan,  and 
Little  Bucharia  to  Chinese  or  Bast  Toorkistan.  West 
Toorkistan  is  principally  included  in  the  Russian  provinces 
of  Central  Asia, — the  nominally  independent  states,  like 
Bokhara,  being  really  under  Russian  control,  except  in  the 
S.,  where  there  are  several  extensive  districts  which  ac- 
knowledge the  authority  of  the  Ameer  of  Cabool,  for  which 
reason  this  territory  is  sometimes  called  Afghan  Toorkistan, 

Chinese  Toorkistan  (Chinese,  Thian-Shan-Nan-Loo ; 
i.e.,  the  "  country  S.  of  the  Thian-Shan")  is  between  lat. 
35°  and  43°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  and  96°  E. ;  bounded  N.  by  the 
Thian-Shan  Mountains,  which  separate  it  from  Soongaria, 
W.  by  the  table-land  of  Pameer,  S.  by  the  Kuen-Lun  Moun- 
tains, dividing  it  from  West  Thibet,  S.E.  and  S.  by  the 
Desert  of  Gobi,  of  which  it  includes  a  portion.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  about  1250  miles;  breadth,  estimated  at 
from  300  to  550  miles.  Area,  500,000  square  miles.  It  is 
enclosed  on  three  sides  by  lofty  mountain-ranges,  and  on 
the  E.  by  a  plateau.  The  centre  of  the  country  forms  the 
basin  of  the  Lop  Nor,  a  lake  70  miles  in  length,  fed  from 
the  W.  by  the  Tarim  and  its  five  great  tributaries,  the  Zer- 
afshan,  Kashgar,  Yarkand,  Yurung-Eash,  and  Aksoo  Rivers. 
Its  basin  is  almost  wholly  a  sandy  waste,  and  it  is  estimated 
that  three-fourths  of  Chinese  Toorkistan  are  covered  with 
deserts ;  but  around  the  declivities  and  bases  of  the  moun- 
tains in  the  N.W.  and  8.  the  lands  are  in  some  districts 
very  fertile.  The  heat  in  summer  is  great ;  in  winter,  frost 
and  snow,  though  common  in  the  W.,  are  rare  in  the  E. 
Abundant  rains  occur  at  this  season  in  the  mountains,  but 
seldom  in  the  lower  country,  where  water  for  irrigation  is 
carefully  preserved  in  reservoirs.  On  the  declivities  and 
borders  of  the  mountains,  rice,  wheat,  millet,  pulses,  and 
grains  common  in  Europe,  with  sesamum  and  other  oil- 
seeds, cotton,  <fco.,  are  raised  in  considerable  quantities, 
besides  hemp,  flax,  and  dye-plants.  Grapes,  melons,  pome- 
granates, and  other  fruits  of  southern  climates  come  to 
great  perfection ;  mulberry  plantations  are  numerous,  and 
much  silk  is  produced.  The  rearing  of  live-stock  is  the 
chief  branch  of  rural  industry.  Most  of  the  surface,  where 
it  is  rendered  verdant  by  sufi&oient  irrigation,  is  employed 
in  pasturing  horses,  yak,  and  other  cattle,  camels,  and 
sheep;  the  horses  of  this  region  are  in  high  repute,  and  are 
Bent  in  large  numbers  to  China,  Thibet,  and  adjacent  coun- 
tries. Wild  horses,  camels,  and  asses  abound  in  herds  on 
the  Lop  desert.  The  argali  or  wild  sheep,  some  antelopes, 
the  tiger,  wolf,  jackal,  lynx,  and  fox,  are  among  the  other 
wild  animals;  the  ranges  of  the  Thian-Shan  are  the  native 
country  of  the  two-humped  or  Bactrian  camel.  Gold  is 
found  in  the  Thian-Shan,  and  in  the  affluents  of  the  Yurung- 
Eash ;  copper,  iron,  nitre,  asbestos,  and  agate  are  also  met 
with ;  sal-ammoniac  and  sulphur  in  great  quantities  in  the 
Tolcanic  districts  of  Bogdo  Oola  and  around  Toorfan.  The 
most  remarkable  mineral  product  is  jasper,  which  is  raised 
from  the  bed  of  the  Yurung-Kash  and  Karakash,  in  the 
Yarkand  province;  and  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Yarkand  is 
a  rock  stated  to  be  wholly  composed  of  this  stone.  At  all 
these  localities  Chinese  soldiers  are  stationed  to  supervise 
the  operations  for  procuring  the  jasper,  the  whole  of  the 
produce  being  officially  sent  to  Peking. 

Chinese  Toorkistan  has  an  extensive  trade,  chiefly  with 
Cashmere,  the  Russian  Empire,  China,  and  Thibet.  The 
caravans  from  Peking  to  Yarkand  employ  from  three  to 
six  months  on  their  route,  and  bring  tea,  silver,  porcelain, 
and  numerous  other  manufactured  goods,  taking  oack  silk, 
horses,  cattle,  and  dyes.  From  Cashmere,  by  way  of  Yar- 
kand, are  brought  shawls,  kinoobs,  and  white  cloth,  in  re- 
turn for  Russian  goods,  tanned  leather,  gold  and  silver, 
embroidery,  rice,  China  wares,  and  Thibet  shawl- wool; 
from  Budukhshan,  slaves  and  gems,  in  return  for  silver 
and  tea.  From  Andad-Ehan,  in  Ferghana,  woollens  and 
other  manufactured  goods  are  brought  on  horses,  mules, 
and  camels  to  Eashgar,  where  they  are  exchanged  for 
Chinese  produce ;  the  routes  from  the  two  latter  countries 
respectively  traverse  the  two  main  passes  across  the  lofty 
table-land  of  Pameer.  Many  merchants  of  Chinese  Toor- 
kistan go  to  Tobolsk  with  cotton  stuffs,  tea,  rhubarb,  and 
sal-ammoniac,  and  return  with  broadcloth,  brocades,  bul- 
lion, gold  coin,  copper,  iron,  steel,  and  furs ;  and  the  same 
kinds  of  merchandise  come,  by  way  of  Eooldja,  to  Aksoo, 
the  exports  from  which  town  are  chiefly  cotton,  silk,  cotton 
fabrics,  leather,  pottery,  and  fruit.  Yarkand  is  the  chief 
emporium  of  trade,  and  is  a  large  mart  for  Chinese  goods. 
The  other  principal  cities  and  towns  are  Ehamil,  Pijan, 
Toorfan,  Earachar,  Eutche,  Aksoo,  and  Useh,  along  the  N. 
route,  below  the  Thian-Shan ;  Eashgar,  the  city  second  in 
Importance,  towards  the  W.  frontier;  and  Earakash,  Eho- 
^n  Eiria,  and  Peim,  in  the  S. 


The  great  bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  of  the  Turkish  race, 
or  Oozbeks ;  they  are  superior  in  civilization  to  the  Oozbeki 
of  Bokhara,  and  speak  the  purest  of  Turkish  dialects 
Taujiks  or  Persians,  Eleuths,  Cashmerians,  Tungani,  <jbc., 
all  Mohammedans,  are  among  the  population.  In  the 
N.W.  are  some  Eirgheez  settlers ;  at  Ehamil,  many  Eleuth 
Calmucks;  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Lop  Nor  are  a  few 
people  who,  although  they  speak  Turkish,  are  not  Moham- 
medans ;  they  are  oconpied  in  fishing,  trading  in  furs  and 
swans'  down,  and  weaving  flax  and  wild  hemp.  Chinese 
merchants  in  the  towns,  a  few  Hindoos,  Jews,  and  Chris- 
tians, Mongols  in  the  E.,  and  Manchoos  in  the  Chinese 
army,  make  up  nearly  the  rest  of  the  inhabitants.  The 
Chinese  troops  which  garrison  the  principal  cities  amount 
in  all  to  between  20,000  and  30,000  men,  under  Manchoo 
officers.  At  all  the  custom-house  stations  the  officials  are 
half  Manchoos  and  half  Oosbeks.  Europeans  are  inter- 
dicted from  entering  the  country. 

This  region  formed  anciently  a  part  of  the  territory  of 
the  Uiong-Nu;  it  was  subjec^d  by  the  Chinese  in  the  first 
century  a.d.,  and  from  the  fifth  to  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury it  was  successively  under  the  dominion  of  Thibet,  Tan- 
goot,  Jenghis  Ehan,  Tamerlane,  the  Eleuths,  and  the  Soon- 
garians.  It  was  conquered  by  the  Chinese  emperor  Eien- 
Loong  in  1756-68.  In  1826-27  a  great  insurrection  took 
place  under  Jeh&n-Geer,  one  of  its  khodjas  or  princes,  who, 
with  aid  from  Ehokan,  defeated  an  army  of  60,000  Chinese 
in  three  battles ;  but  the  latter  finally  prevailed,  and  the 
chief  authorities  of  the  province  were  transferred  from 
Eashgar  to  Yarkand.  An  insurrection  which  broke  out  in 
1862  led  to  the  independence  of  East  Toorkistan,  undei 
Yakoob  Ooshbegi,  a  merciless  tyrant,  who  ruled  at  Eashgar, 
but  upon  his  death  the  Chinese  easily  reconquered  the 
country,  putting  to  death  thousands  of  the  natives :  in  the 
N.W.,  however,  a  considerable  region  had  already  passed 
under  Russian  control. 

Toorkistan^  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of 
Syr-Darya.  150  miles  N.W.  of  Tashkend.     Pop.  5490. 

Toorkomans,  or  Turcomans,  toor^ko-m&nz',  a  na- 
tion of  Tartars,  originally  inhabiting  the  E.  shores  of  the 
Caspian  Sea,  but  who  are  now  spread  not  only  over  Toorkis- 
tan, but  over  Persia,  Afghanistan,  and  a  considerable  portion 
of  Asiatic  Turkey.  They  lead  a  wandering  life,  and  live  in 
tents.  They  are  said  to  be  excellent  horsemen,  and  to  make 

hardy  and  brave  soldiers. Ad^.  TooRK  or  TOORO,  and 

Toor^koman'. 

TooroD)  Tonron,  or  Turon,  too^ron',  a  town  of 
Annam,  in  Indo-China,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a  river, 
near  its  mouth  in  a  fine  bay.  Lat.  16°  7'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  108° 
13'  E.  Its  harbor  is  defended  by  two  forts  of  European 
construction,  and  it  formerly  exported  cotton  to  China. 

Toorookhansk,  Touroukhansk,  or  Turn- 
khansk,  too-roo-K&nsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Yeniseisk,  on  the  Yenisei,  near  the  influx  of  the  Too- 
rookha  River.     Lat.  61°  N. ;  Ion.  90°  30'  E.     Pop.  216. 

Toorsheez,  Tourchiz,  or  Turshiz,  toor'sheez',  a 
town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ehorassan,  76  miles  S.8.W.  of 
Meshed,  on  the  route  from  Herat  to  Astrabad. 

Toowoomba,  too-woom'bS,,  a  town  of  Queensland, 
on  Darling  Downs,  1940  feet  above  sea-level,  and  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  102  miles  W.  of  Brisbane.     Pop.  4695. 

Too-YaU)  or  Tou-Yan,  too^yin',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Eoei-Choo,  lat.  26°  10'  N.,  Ion.  107°  22'  E. 

Tooz-Golee,  or  Taz-Goli,  tooz-go'lee\  written  also 
Tuz-Ghieul  (anc.  Pa'lut  Tatm'tul),  a  large  salt  lake  of 
Asia  Minor,  its  centre  in  lat.  38°  40'  N.,  Ion.  33°  30'  E. 
Length,  45  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles.  Height  above 
the  sea,  2500  feet.  It  receives  some  small  rivers,  but  dur- 
ing a  part  of  the  year  its  bed  is  wholly  dry. 

Tooz«6ool,  Tonz-Goul,  Tuz-Gul,  tooz-gool' 
(i.e.,  "salt  lake"),  or  Temourtou-Nor,  t4-moor-too' 
nor,  a  lake  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  lat.  42°  30'  N.,  and 
between  Ion,  77°  and  79°  E.,  100  miles  S.  of  Lake  Balkash. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  90  miles;  breadth,  30  miles. 

Toozkoormaty,  Touzkourmaty)  or  Tuzkur- 
maty,  tooz-koor-m&'tee,  a  large  village  of  Turkish  Eoor- 
distan,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Samarrah. 

Toozia,  or  Tazla»  tooz'l&,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
descends  from  the  S.W.  slope  of  Mount  Ida,  and  falls  into 
the  Archipelago  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Baba.  Length, 
50  miles. 

Toozla,  or  Tnzla,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  joins 
the  Moorad-Chai,  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.  Length,  50 
miles. 

Topayos,  a  river  of  BraziL     See  Tapajos. 

Topdals,  top'dils,  a  river  of  Norway,  falls  into  the 
Topdals-Fiord  E.  of  Christiansand.    Total  course,  80  miles. 


TOP 


2633 


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Tope'ka,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  in  Quiver 
township,  on  the  Quiver  River,  and  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  A 
Jacksonville  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Pekin.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Topeka^  a  city,  the  capital  of  Kansas,  and  of  Shawnee 
CO.,  is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Kansas  River,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Leavenworth,  29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lawrence, 
and  67  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Lat.  39°  3'  N. ;  Ion. 
95°  40'  W.  It  is  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
is  also  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  wide  straight  streets  which  cross 
one  another  at  right  angles.  It  contains  a  handsome  state- 
house,  45  churches,  3  national  banks,  several  other  banks, 
a  court-house,  a  high  school,  Washburn  College  (Congrega- 
tional), the  college  of  the  Sisters  of  Bethany  (Episcopal), 
and  a  Catholic  seminary.  Four  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Topeka  has  5  flouring-mills,  a 
rolling-mill,  2  iron-foundries,  a  pottery,  2  brick-kilns,  a 
carriage-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  a  cracker-factory,  Ac.  The 
greater  portion  of  the  city  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  river, 
which  is  here  crossed  by  an  iron  bridge.  The  machine- 
shops  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad  are 
located  here.  The  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  is  situated 
about  2  miles  W.  of  the  state-house.  Bituminous  coal  is 
found  in  the  vicinity.  Topeka  was  incorporated  as  a  city 
in  1867,  and  became  the  capital  of  the  state  in  1861.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5790  ;  in  1880, 15,452;  in  1890,  31,007  ;  including 
Topeka  township,  36,781. 

Tophan^,  to'fi-ni^  ("an  arsenal"),  a  suburb  of  Con- 
stantinople, at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  N.  of  the 
Golden  Horn,  and  immediately  N.E.  of  Gralata.  It  com- 
prises an  arsenal  and  cannon-foundry  (whence  its  name), 
extensive  artillery  barracks,  yards  for  building  caiques,  a 
fine  public  fountain,  and  a  quay,  which  is  the  usual  place 
of  embarkation  for  Scutari. 

Topino,  to-pee'no,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  joins  the 
Tiber  from  the  E.,  7  miles  S.  of  Perugia.     Course,  30  miles. 

To'pin's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Topi,  or  Topla,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Topoly. 

Toplicza,  or  Toplitza,  to-plit'si,  a  river  of  Servia, 
joins  the  East  Morava  10  miles  N.E.  of  the  village  of  To- 
plicza, and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orkub. 

Toplitz,  Toeplitz,  top'lits,  or  Teplitz,  tip'lits,  a 
town  and  watering-place  of  Bohemia,  on  its  N.W.  frontier, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  in  a  valley  of  the  Erz-Qebirge, 
Stationary  pop.  10,115.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  consists 
mostly  of  inns,  lodging-houses,  and  bathing-establishments. 
The  chief  buildings  are  the  town  house,  and  the  mansion 
of  Prince  Clary,  to  whom  the  territory  belongs.  The  prin- 
cipal bathing-establishments  are  the  Stadtbad,  Fiirstenbad, 
FUrstlich,  Frauenzimmerbad,  and  Herrnhaus,  all  in  the 
Baade-Platz,  or  Great  Square.  Toplitz  is  a  place  of  resort 
for  the  highest  personages  in  Germany.  There  are  in  all 
about  90  public  oathing-houses,  and  in  the  suburb  of  Scho- 
nau  are  baths  with  buildings  equal  in  elegance  to  the  town 
baths.  The  waters  are  saline ;  temperature  in  Toplitz  from 
113°  to  119°,  in  Schbnau  from  101°  to  104°  Fahr.  Here 
are  military  hospitals,  a  civil  hospital,  and  one  supported 
by  Prince  Clary,  the  grounds  of  whose  chS,teaa  are  open  to 
the  public.  Here  are  also  a  theatre,  and  other  appliances 
of  a  highly  fashionable  watering-place. 

TOplitz,  Hungary.     See  Teplitz. 

Toplitza,  a  river  of  Servia.    See  Toplicza. 

Top  of  Alleghany,  post-office,  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Topolias,  to-po-lee'is  ?  (anc.  Copais),  a  lake  of  Greece, 
in  the  centre  of  Boeotia,  5  miles  E.  of  Livadia.  Length,  16 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  8  miles.  At  Orchomenus  (Skripu), 
on  its  W.  side,  it  receives  the  river  Gavrios  (anc.  Cephissua), 
It  contains  many  islands,  and  is  famous  for  its  eels,  large 
quantities  of  which  are  salted  and  exported. 

Topoly,  to'pol',  written  also  Tttpl  and  Topla,  a  river 
of  North  Hungary,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  65  miles,  joins 
the  Ondava  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kaschau. 

Topolya,  to^pSl'ySh,  a  post-village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  8  miles  N.  of  Hegyes.     Pop.  8086. 

Toporow,  to-po-rov',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia. 
Pop.  2604. 

Topozero,  to-po-z&'ro,  a  large  lake  of  Russian  Lap- 
land, W.  of  the  White  Sea.  Length,  50  miles ;  breadth,  8 
miles.     It  contains  several  islands. 

Top'ping,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles 
from  Stratford.     Pop.  280. 

Toprak-Kulah,  to^pr&k'-koo'l&,  or  Kaleh,  k&'l^h,  a 
town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erzroom. 
Pop.  200  Turkish  and  100  Armenian  families. 

Top'sail,  a  picturesque  bathing-place  on  Concepcion 
166 


Bay,  district  of  Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  12  milei 
S.W.  of  St.  John's.  It  is  much  resorted  to  during  the  sum- 
mer months.     Pop.  230. 

Top'sail  Sound,  a  post-office  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
near  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Tops'field,  a  post-village  in  Topsfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Calais.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  463. 

Topsfield,  a  post-village  in  Topsfield  township,  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  near  the  Ipswich  River,  and  on  the  Boston  A 
Maine  Railroad  (Newburyport  Branch),  25  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Boston,  and  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1221. 

Tops'ham,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Exe,  at  the  head  of  its  estuary  and 
the  confluence  of  the  Clist,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Exeter,  and 
N.W.  of  Exmouth.  Pop.  2514.  It  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  has  spacious  wharves,  quays,  and  bonding  warehouses. 

Topsham,  tops' am,  a  post-village  in  Topsham  town- 
ship, Sagadahoc  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Androscog- 
gin River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  opposite  Brunswick, 
and  9  miles  W.  of  Bath.  It  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  has  3  or  4  churchea. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1498. 

"ropsham,  a  post- village  in  Topsham  township.  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  bobbins,  wooden  bowls,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1418. 

'Fop'ton,  a  post-village  in  Long  Swamp  township, 
Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Kutztown  Branch,  18i  miles  N.E.  of  Read- 
ing. It  has  a  church,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Iron  ore  is  mined  near  Topton.     Pop.  about  500. 

Toquerville,  to-kair'vil,  or  'To'kerville,  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  in  the  valley  of  the  Rio 
Virgen,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  George.  It  has  a  church. 
The  village  is  surrounded  by  grand  mountain-scenery. 
Silver  is  found  here. 

Tor,  a  petty  town  of  Arabia  Petrsea,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
the  Gulf  of  Suez,  lat.  28°  19'  N.,  Ion.  33°  38'  E.,  near  the 
Tor  Mountains.  Iti  is  a  station  where  caravans  supply 
themselves  with  water,  and  has  an  old  fort,  and  a  harbor 
sheltered  by  a  coral-bank,  on  which  is  a  light-house. 

To'rah,  or  Rich'mond,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  about  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
Cloud.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Torah  Post-Office. 

Toral  de  la  Vega,  to-r&l'  di  I&  vi'gi,  or  Toral  de 
las  Guzmanes,  to-ril'  di  l&s  gooth-m&'nis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  22  miles  S.  Af  Leon,  on  the  Esla. 

To^rat'  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  on  the  W.  coast  of 
South  Island.     Lat.  43°  37'  S. ;  Ion.  169°  30'  B. 

Torbay',  a  fine  and  highly  picturesque  bay  of  Eng- 
land, an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
the  CO.  of  Devon,  between  the  headlands  Bob's-Nose  and 
Berry  Head,  the  latter  in  lat.  50°  24'  N.,  Ion.  3°  28'  W. 
It  forms  a  semicircular  sweep,  bounded  by  limestone  and 
syenite  cliSs,  abounding  in  fine  marble-quarries,  and  con- 
taining some  very  curious  caves.  It  is  a  general  rendezvous 
for  vessels  during  W.  winds,  and  has  important  fisheries. 
On  its  N.  shore  is  Torquay,  and  on  its  W.  side  is  Brixham. 
Here  William  III.  landed  in  England,  November  6,  1688. 

Torbay,  a  bay  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  13  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Cape  Canso. 

Torbay',  a  large  fishing  town  on  Tor  Bay,  on  the  B. 
coast  of  Newfoundland,  7  miles  N.  of  St.  John's.     P.  1270. 

Torbiscon,  toR-bees-k5n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 43  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1562. 

Tor'brook,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Tor  Brook,  5  miles  from  BridgetoTjn.  It  is  in  a 
fine  agricultural  settlement  on  the  South  Mountain,  and 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Torcello,  toR-chil'lo,  an  island  and  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  lagoon  6  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.  It  was  a  town,  with 
cathedral  and  bishops,  in  the  seventh  century,  but  it  de- 
cayed as  Venice  rose.  It  has  an  old  Byzantine  church, 
and  a  cathedral  of  the  eleventh  century.  The  climate  is 
very  unhealthy. 

Torch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Troy  town- 
ship, on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Torch  Lake,  Michigan,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Antrim 
CO.,  is  about  18  miles  long  and  2  or  3  miles  wide.  It  is 
separated  from  Grand  Traverse  Bay  by  a  long  and  narrow 
tract  of  land. 

Torch  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Torch  Lake  township, 


TOR 


2634 


TOR 


Antrim  co.,  Mioh.,  on  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  and  on  a  lake 
of  its  own  name,  15  miles  N.  of  Elk  Rapids.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  164. 

Torch  Lake,  Houghton  oo.,  Mich.    See  Lack  Linden. 
Torda,  a  Hungarian  name  of  Thorda. 
TordensKJold,  tor'denz-kold,  a  post-hamlet  and  town- 
ship in  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Herman 
Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  536. 

Tordera^  toR-d&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  3295. 

Tordesillas,   toR-di-seel'y&s,   a  town  of  Spain,   24 
miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid,  on  the  Douro.     Pop.  3786. 
Tordil'la^  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 
Torean,   Bayou,   bl'oo   to'ro',  Louisiana,   rises    in 
Sabine  parish,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Sabine  River. 

Torella,  to-rdl'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Avellino,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  2617. 

Torfeckan,  a  village  of  Ireland.  See  Termonfeckan. 
Torgau,  toR'gow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe,  70  miles  S.S.W,  of  Berlin.  Pop.  10,727.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
hosiery,  and  leather.  Frederick  the  Great  took  it  after 
defeating  the  Austrians  on  the  23d  of  November,  1760. 

Torgelow,  toR'gh^h-lov^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  N.W.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Ucker.     Pop.  1888. 

Torget,  toR'gh^t,  a  small  island  of  Norway,  ofif  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Nordland,  about  lat.  65°  30'  N.  Its  most  remark- 
able feature  is  the  mountain  of  Torghattan,  which  seems  to 
rise  almost  perpendicularly  from  the  water  to  a  height  esti- 
mated at  more  than  2000  feet,  terminates  in  a  deep  cleft, 
forming  the  basin  of  a  small  lake,  and  is  perforated  near 
the  centre  by  a  cavern  6000  feet  long  and  600  feet  high. 

Torigny,  or  Thorigny,  to^reen'yee'  (anc.  Torig- 
neium),  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Saint- 
Ld.     Pop.  1967. 

Torino,  to-ree'no,  or  Torino,  too-ree'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Chieti,  10  miles  N.W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  3573. 
Torino,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Turin. 
Toriore,  tor'e-or,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Triehinopoly.     Pop.  6710. 

Toritto,  to-rit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Bari,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Altamura.     Pop.  5523. 

Torjok,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Torzhok. 
Tormes,  toR'mSs,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  sierras 
which  divide  Estremadura  from  Old  Castile,  flows  N.,  past 
Alba  de  Tormes  and  Salamanca,  and  joins  the  Douro  on  the 
left.  Length,  150  miles.  Many  battles  were  fought  on  its 
banks  between  the  French  and  Spaniards,  from  1808  to  1814. 
Torna,  toR'n5h\  written  also  Turnya,  a  county  in 
Hungary,  bounded  N.  by  Zips.  Area,  229  square  miles. 
Pop.  23,176. 

Torna,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  above  county, 
18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  1306. 
Torna'do,  a  post-office  of  Door  co.,  Wis. 
Tornavacas,  toR-nS.-vi'kis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura, province  and  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres. 

Torned,  tor'ne-o,  sometimes  written  Torneo,a  river 
of  Lapland,  separates  the  Swedish  and  Russian  dominions, 
and  enters  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  at  Torne&,  after 
a  S.S.E.  course  of  230  miles.  It  is  rapid,  and  in  it  is  the 
fine  cataract  of  Julhae.  It  gives  name  to  the  N.  part  of 
Swedish  Lappmark. 

Torne4,  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Torneft,  at  its 
mouth  in  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  65°  50'  8" 
N. ;  Ion.  24°  14'  B.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  stockfish, 
reindeer  skins,  furs,  iron,  planks,  tar,  butter,  hemp,  quills, 
and  pickled  salmon.  Here,  in  1736,  the  French  Academi- 
cians made  measurements  to  ascertain  the  figure  of  the 
earth.  Torne&  was  ceded  with  Finland  to  Russia  in  1810. 
Pop.  892. 

Torne&,  Ofver,  bfvfir  ton'ne-o  (i.e., "  Upper TorneA"), 
a  place  on  the  Swedish  side  of  the  Torne&  River,  about  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Torneft. 

To'ro,  a  small  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Sardinia. 

To  Vo',  a  river  of  Mongolia,  joins  the  Nonni,  an  affluent 
of  the  Soongaree,  after  an  E.  course  of  250  miles. 

To'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2352. 

Toro,  to'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Zamora,  on 
the  Douro,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salamanca.  Pop.  8430.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  an  old  palace  or  alcazar, 
and  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  and  linen  cloths,  brandy, 
and  leather. 

Toro,  Boca  del,  bo'ki  dfil  to'ro  (i.e.,  "bull's  mouth"), 
In  Central  America,  one  of  the  straits  by  which  the  lagoon 
of  Chiriqui  communicates  with  the  Caribbean  Sea. 


Torok  Becse,  to^rok'  bi'chi^,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Torontal,  on  the  Theiss,  47  miles  S.  of  Szegedin.   P.  7193. 

T&rok  Kanisa,  to^rok'  koh^nee'sh5h\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Torontal,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Theiss,  15 
miles  S.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  2229. 

Tdr5k,  Szent  Miklos.    See  Szent  Miklos  Torok. 

Toronaicus  Sinus.    See  Cassandra. 

Torontal,  to^ron'til',  a  county  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Banat,  bounded  E.  by  Temesvar.  Area,  3650  square  miles. 
Pop.  545,503.     Chief  town,  Pancsova. 

Toron'to  (formerly  York),  capital  of  Ontario,  and  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  cities  in  the  Dominion,  is  situated 
on  a  circular  bay,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  in 
York  CO.,  333  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal,  161  miles  from 
Kingston,  and  39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hamilton.  Lat.  43° 
49'  4"  N.;  Ion.  79°  71'  5"  AV.  Mean  temperature  of  the 
year,  44.4° ;  winter,  26.4° ;  summer,  63.8°  Fahr.  The  site 
of  the  town  rises  gently  from  the  water,  the  streets  gener- 
ally crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.  The  city  generally 
is  built  of  a  light-colored  brick,  and  the  public  buildings  are 
substantial  in  workmanship,  and  some  of  them  beautiful  in 
architectural  design.  Toronto  is  the  seat  of  law  and  pro- 
vincial government,  and  the  head-quarters  of  the  educational 
department  of  Ontario.  The  principal  buildings  in  con- 
nection with  these  are  Osgoode  Hall,  a  fine  structure,  con- 
taining all  the  superior  law  courts  of  the  province ;  the 
parliament  buildings,  a  magnificent  edifice  situated  in 
Queen's  Park,  with  handsome  legislative  chamber  and 
well-equipped  offices;  the  lieutenant-governor's  residence, 
a  princely  mansion ;  the  normal-school  buildings,  contain- 
ing offices  of  the  education  department ;  2  model  schools, 
a  provincial  model  school  and  educational  museum,  and 
several  public  schools  and  collegiate  institutes.  Here  also 
is  the  University  of  Toronto,  with  a  fine  building,  reckoned 
second  to  none  in  the  Dominion  as  a  seat  of  learning.  It 
is  situated  at  the  W.  side  of  the  Queen's  Park,  a  noble 
public  ground,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  fine  bronze 
statue  of  Queen  Victoria,  also  a  monument  erected  in  honor 
of  those  volunteers  who  sacrificed  their  lives  during  the 
first  attempted  invasion  of  Canada  by  the  Fenians.  Other 
educational  institutions  are  Trinity  College  (Episcopal), 
Knox  College  (Presbyterian),  and  the  Upper  Canada  Col- 
lege, a  new  range  of  beautiful  buildings  at  the  N.  side  of  the 
city,  occupied  by  a  grammar-school  for  boys.  There  are  2 
schools  of  medicine  in  Toronto;  also  an  ably-conducted 
veterinary  college.  Among  the  public  institutions  there 
may  be  enumerated  the  lunatic  asylum,  the  Exposition 
Buildings,  for  holding  the  provincial  agricultural  exhibi- 
tions, the  Boys'  Home,  the  Girls'  Home,  the  House  of 
Providence,  the  Protestant  Orphans'  Home,  the  custom- 
house, the  government  school  of  technology,  and  the  post- 
office.  Toronto  also  has  several  extensive  iron-foundries 
and  engineering  establishments,  railway- car-building  shops, 
rolling-mills,  several  breweries  and  a  mammoth  distillery, 
carriage-factories,  tanneries,  soap-works,  spice-mills,  cabi- 
net-factories, car-wheel  works,  machine-shops  of  all  kinds, 
pork-packing  establishments,  sewing-machine-,  sash-  and 
door-,  and  boot-  and  shoe-factories  on  an  extensive  scale, 
besides  many  other  varieties  of  manufacture.  There  are 
13  banks  represented  in  the  city,  6  of  which  have  their 
head  offices  here.  Toronto  contains  a  synagogue,  about 
172  churches  (of  which  42  are  Church  of  England,  13 
Church  of  Rome,  41  Wesleyan  Methodist,  30  Presbyte- 
rian, Ac),  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Music  Halls,  a  public 
library  containing  85,000  volumes,  also  law,  educational, 
and  legislative  libraries.  One  hundred  and  twenty-two 
newspapers  and  periodicals  are  published  in  Toronto,  viz., 
7  daily,  48  weekly,  10  semi-monthly,  50  monthly,  3  quar- 
terly, and  4  annually.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with 
water,  is  lighted  with  electricity  and  gas,  and  has  an  effi- 
cient fire-brigade.  Lines  of  steamers  run  daily  during  the 
season  of  navigation  to  all  the  lake  ports  and  ports  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence;  and  2  lines  of  railways  run  through 
the  city, — the  Grand  Trunk  (with  which  are  amalgamated 
the  Great  Western,  Northern,  Toronto  <fc  Nipissing)  and 
the  Canadian  Pacific  (with  which  is  incorporated  the 
Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce).  There  is  also  a  well-equipped 
electric  street-railway  on  the  trolley  system.  Toronto  was 
founded  by  Governor  Simcoe  in  1794.  Parliament  build- 
ings were  erected,  and  the  legislature  assembled  there  for 
the  first  time  in  1797.  In  1813  it  was  captured  by  the 
Americans  under  General  Pike,  who  was  killed  in  storming 
the  fort,  but  it  was  held  only  a  few  days.  In  1834  it 
was  incorporated  a  city,  and  its  name  changed  from  York 
to  Toronto.  Pop.  in  1817,  1200;  in  1830,  1677;  in  1842, 
15,336;  in  1852,  50,763;  in  1861,  44,821;  in  1871,  56,092; 
in  1881,  96,196;  in  1891,  181,220. 


\  «>v  li  K^iovV 


TOR 


2635 


TOR 


Toronto )  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Clinton 
eo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinioon  River  and  the  Davenport  & 
8t.  Paul  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  public  hall,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 

Toronto,  a  post-village  in  Toronto  township,  Woodson 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  30  miles  W.  of  Hum- 
boldt, and  about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  553. 

Toronto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co..  Mo.,  14  miles 
N,  of  Richland  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Toropa,  to-ro'p&,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  small 
lake  among  the  Valdai  Hills,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Pskov,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Diina  on  the 
frontier  of  Vitebsk.     Total  course,  70  miles. 

Toropetz,  to'ro-pdts\  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
P.^kov,  on  the  Toropa,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kholm.     P,  4989. 

Torpatum,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Dorpat. 

Torphichen,  tor-fis'^n,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and 
4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Linlithgo-v,  was  formerly  a  place  of  im- 
portance.    Pop.  406. 

Torquay,  tor-kee',  a  town,  chapelry,  and  favorite  water- 
ing-place of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  picturesquely  seated  on 
the  shore  of  a  cove  of  Torbay,  on  its  N.  side,  with  a  station 
on  the  South  Devon  Railway,  18i  miles  S.  of  Exeter.  It 
consists  chiefly  of  handsome  villas  and  terraces,  interspersed 
with  lodging-houses,  occupying  successive  ranges  on  a  steep 
slope  down  to  its  quay,  and  has  excellent  hotels,  a  news- 
room, library,  and  other  appliances  of  a  watering-place, 
with  some  very  superior  schools,  a  mechanics'  institute,  bank, 
Ac.  Being  well  sheltered,  it  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  deli- 
cate invalids.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  some  timber-trade,  a 
share  in  the  Newfoundland  fishery,  regular  steam  communi- 
cation with  Portsmouth  and  Plymouth,  and  well-supplied 
markets.     Pop.  in  1881,  24,767;  in  1891,  25,534. 

Torquemada,  toR-ki-mi'D4,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Palencia,  on  the  Pisuerga,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  26  arches.  Pop.  2840.  It  has 
distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  wine-skins.  Torquemada, 
the  Inquisitor,  was  born  here  in  1420.  Torquemada  ap- 
pears to  be  a  corruption  of  Torrequemada  (which  see). 

Torralba  de  Calatrava,  toR-R&l'BS,  d^  k&-ld,-tri'v3,, 
a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real,  with  manu- 
factures of  Dlonde  and  thread-lace.     Pop.  3977. 

Tor'rance,  a  post-village  of  Grenada  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  «fc  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 

Torrflo,  toR-RowN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo, 
26  miles  N.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  2088. 

Torre,  toR'R&,  an  Italian,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese 
word,  signifying  "  tower"  (from  the  Latin  Tur'ria),  and 
forming  a  part  of  many  names  in  Southern  Europe. 

Torre,  toR'Ri,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins 
the  Isonzo  5  miles  N.E.  of  Aquileja,  Austria. 

Torre,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  S.S.W. 
of  the  city  of  Catanzaro.  It  suff'ered  greatly  by  the  earth- 
quake of  1783.     Pop.  2036. 

Torreblanca,  toR^Ri-blin'ki  ("  white  tower"),  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de 
la  Plana.     Pop.  2299. 

Torre  Cainpo,  toR'R&  k&m'po,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2757. 

Torrecilla  de  Alcaikiz,  toR-Ri-theel'ya  dk  il-kin- 
yeeth',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Teruel,  70  miles  from 
Saragossa. 

Torrecilla  de  Cameros,  toR-R&-theeI'y&  dk  kk-mi.'- 
roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lo- 
grofto.     Pop.  2000. 

Torrecilla  de  la  Orden,  toR-Ri-theel'y4  di.  l&  or'- 
dSn,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1809. 

Torrecuso,  tOR-R4-koo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
cf  Benevento,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2019. 

Torre  de  Don  Miguel,  toR'Ri  di  don  me-ghfil',  a 
village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  37  miles  from  Caceres. 

Torre  de  Embarra.    See  Torredembarra. 

Torre  de  Estaban  Ambran,  toR'Ri  d4  6s-t4-Bin' 
im-br4n',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  80  miles  N.W.  of 
Toledo,  with  a  church,  court-house,  and  palace.    Pop.  1638. 

Torre  dei  Passeri,  toR'Ri  di  p4s-si'ree,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  on  the  Pescara,  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Chieti.     Pop.  3236. 

Torre  de  Juan  Abad,  ton'nL  dk  Hoo-&n'  4-b4d',  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  45  miles  S.E. 
of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1372. 

Torre  del  Campo,  toR'Ri  d4l  kim'po,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  4  miles  W.  of  Jaen.  It  has  broad 
paved  streets,  a  square,  in  which  stands  a  strong  old  castle, 


the  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  several  old  watch-towers,  and 
abundant  quarries  of  gypsum.     Pop.  4364. 

Torre  del  Greco,  ior'rA  dil  gri'ko,  a  town  of  Italy, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Naples, 
at  the  S.W.  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Naples  to  Nocera.  Pop.  18,950.  It  is  well  built  of  the 
lava  which  buried  most  part  of  the  previous  town  in  an 
eruption  of  Vesuvius  on  the  15th  of  June,  1794.  It  has 
many  handsome  villas  with  gardens,  a  collegiate  church, 
convents,  and  an  extensive  hospital.  Its  vicinity  is  famous 
for  wine  and  fruits. 

Torre  dell*  Annnnziata,  toR'ni  ddl  I&n-noon-ze- 
4't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Naples, 
at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Nocera  to  Naples.  Pop.  15,321.  It  is  fortified,  and  has 
barracks,  manufactures  of  arms,  paper,  and  woollen  fabrics, 
a  fishery,  and  an  active  coasting-trade. 

Torre  delle  Nocelle,  toR'Ri  dfil'li  no-chSl'l4,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mon- 
tefusco.     Pop.  1713. 

Torredembarra,  toR^R4-d5m-baR'Ri,  a  small  sea- 
port of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  10  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Tarragona,  on  the  Mediterranean,  in  Ion.  1°  34'  E.  It 
has  an  ancient  castle  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1817. 

Torre  de  Moncorvo,  toR'Ri  d4  mon-koR'vo,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  11  miles  E.  of  Anciaens. 

Torre  di  Annibale,  toR'Ri  dee  4n-ne-b&'l4  ("tower 
of  Hannibal"),  a  small  port  of  Italy,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Cosenza.  Here  Hannibal  embarked  on  finally  quitting  Italy. 

Torre  di  Luserna,  toR'Ri  dee  loo-siR'n&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8  miles  S.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  3330. 

Torre  di  Mare,  toR'Ri  dee  mk'rk,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Basilicata,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Matera,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Basiento  in  the  Gulf  of  Taranto.  It  is  supposed  to  be 
near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Metopontus, 

Torre  Don  Jimeno  (or  Ximeno),  toR'R4  don  ne- 
m4'no,  or  Torre  Don  Gimeno  Tosiria,  toR'Ri  don 
He-mi'no  to-see're-4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.  It  has  paved 
and  generally  broad  streets,  several  squares,  an  ancient 
dilapidated  castle,  7  flour-  and  20  oil-mills,  productive  salt- 
works, 5  manufactories  of  soft  soap,  and  more  than  500 
hand-looms  for  fine  linens,  worked  by  women.     Pop.  6777. 

Torrejoncillo,  toR^Ri-Hon-theel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  21  miles  from  Caceres.  It  has  a  square  with 
arcades,  in  which  stands  the  prison  and  town  bouse,  and 
manufactures  of  brown  cloths,  hats,  Ac.     Pop.  4734. 

Torrejoncillo  del  Rey,  toR^Ri-Hon-theel'yo  dfil  rA, 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Giguela.  It  has  a  prison  and 
town  house  in  one  handsome  edifice.     Pop.  1851. 

Torre  Laguna,  toR'Ri  li-goo'ni,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2551. 

Torrella,  ton-Rfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2617. 

Torre  Maggiore,  toR'Ri  mid-jo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Eoggia,  5  miles  W.  of  San  Severo.     Pop.  7238. 

Torremanzanas,  toR'R4-m4n-th4'n4s,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Alicante,  near  Jijona.     Pop.  860. 

Torremilano,  toR^R4-me-l4'no,  now  called  Dos 
Torres,  doce  toR'Rfia  ("  two  towers"),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3008. 

Torre  Mocha,  Ior'rA  mo'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1789. 

Tor'rens,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Tor'rens,  Lake,  a  large  salt  lake  of  South  Australia, 
between  lat.  28°  and  82'  S.  and  Ion.  136"  30'  and  140°  30' 
E.  It  is  from  15  to  20  miles  across,  and  shallow;  its  E.  and 
W.  sides  are  bounded  by  highlands. 

Torrente,  toR-RSn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Valencia,  on  a  small  eminence  beside  a 
mountain-torrent.  The  houses  are  large,  and  the  town  is 
laid  out  into  broad  and  comfortable  streets  and  regular 
squares,  in  one  of  which  stands  a  large  tower,  apparently 
of  Saracenic  construction.  In  the  vicinity  are  some  quar- 
ries of  yellow  marble  which  a  moderate  heat  changes  int(* 
red  adorned  with  beautiful  clouds.  It  has  2  flour-mills/ 
and  70  oil-mills.  The  natives  of  Torrente  are  remarkably 
thrifty  and  laborious,  and  supply  Valencia  with  bread  and 
other  articles.     Pop.  6092. 

Torrenueva,  toR^RA-nwA'vi  (».«.,  "new  tower"),  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  32  miles  S.E. 
of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2030. 

Torre  Pallavicina,  toR'Ri  pil-ll-ve-ohee'n4,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ro- 
mano, near  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1491. 


TOR 


2636 


TOR 


Torrequemada,  toR^Rd.-k&-in&'Di,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  12  miles  from  Caceres. 

Torres^  toB'Rfls,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2529. 

Torre  Santa  Susanna,  toR'R^  s&n'ti  soo-sin'n&,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Brin- 
disi,  with  a  convent,  hospital,  and  almshouse.     Pop.  2774. 

Tor'resdale,  a  post-village  in  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware  Elver,  with  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia 
Ai  Trenton  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  West  Philadelphia. 
Here  are  several  fine  residences,  a  seminary,  and  a  convent. 
Torresdale  Post-Offioe  is  a  branch  of  Philadelphia  Po8t-Ofi5ce. 

Torres  Novas,  toR'Bfia  no'vis  {i.e.,  "new  towers"),  a 
walled  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  6820.     It  is  defended  by  a  castle. 

Tor'res  Strait,  in  the  East  Seas,  between  Papua  and 
Cape  York,  the  N.  extremity  of  Australia,  lat.  9°  20'  to  10° 
40'  N.  and  Ion.  142°  30'  E.,  is  about  80  miles  across,  and 
one  maze  of  shoals,  reefs,  and  islands,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Prince  of  Wales,  Mulgrave,  and  Banks'  Islands. 
Torres  discovered  it  in  1606. 

Torres  Vedras,  toB'Rfis  vi'dris,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Estremadura,  on  the  Sizandro,  27  miles  N.W. 
of  Lisbon.  Pop.  4135.  It  was  celebrated  in  the  Penin- 
sular war  for  the  lines  of  defence  established  by  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  in  1810  to  resist  the  approach  of  the  French. 

Torretta,  toR-R^t'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  prov- 
ince of  Palermo.     Pop.  3284. 

Torrevieja,  toR^Ri-ve-i'Hi  {i.e.,  "old  tower"),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province  and  23  miles 
S  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean,  W.  of  Cape 
Cebera.  Lat.  37°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  40'  W.  The  anchorage  is 
good,  but  much  exposed.  There  is  an  extensive  and  very 
productive  salt  lake  in  the  neighborhood,  the  produce  of 
which  constitutes  the  chief  export.     Pop.  6653. 

Tor'rey,  a  township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1281. 

Torrey's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  about  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,336  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  39°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  49'  W.  It 
is  only  3900  feet  distant  from  Gray's  Peak. 

Torri,  toR'Ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  18  milee 
N.W.  of  Verona,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lago  di  Garda. 

Torrice,  toR'Re-chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Prosinone. 

Torricella,  toR-Re-chfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Chieti,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chieti,     Pop,  3157. 

Torricella  del  Pizzo,  toR-Re-ch8l'li  dfil  pit'so,  a 
village  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  S.E.  of  Cremona, 
near  the  Po.     Pop.  1570. 

Tor'ridge,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  flows 
past  Torrington,  and  joins  the  Bristol  Channel  by  an  es- 
tuary common  to  it  and  the  Taw.     Length,  40  miles. 

Torridon,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Torridon. 

Torriglia,  toR-Reel'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Genoa,  in  the  centre  of  an  amphi- 
theatre of  hills  among  the  Apennines.  It  has  a  handsome 
ehuroh  with  a  lofty  spire,  a  small  convent,  and  an  ancient 
tower,  forming  the  only  remains  of  a  very  strong  castle 
which  it  once  possessed.     Pop.  4146. 

Torryos,  toK-Ree'noce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  province  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  in  a 
damp  valley,  between  the  Tagus  and  a  small  range  of  hills. 
This  much  decayed  place  was  once  a  walled  town,  and  is 
Btill  entered  by  2  ancient  gates.  It  has  an  ancient  palace, 
a  small  hospital  for  the  sick  poor,  a  nunnery,  and  several 
oil-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  2599. 

Torringford,tor-ring-f9rd,  a  post-hamlet  in  Torring- 
ton township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  24  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Hartford. 

Torrington,  tor'ring-tgn,  or  Great  Torrington, 
a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  a  declivity  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Torridge,  5i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bideford,  and 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  3529.  It  has  2  churches, 
several  chapels,  a  blue-ooat  school,  almshouses,  Ac. 

Tor'rington,  a  post-borough  in  the  town  of  Torring- 
ton, Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Naugatuck  River,  about 
28  miles  W,  by  N.  of  Hartford,  and  li  miles  W.  of  Torring- 
ton Station  of  the  Naugatuck  Railroad.  Torrington  has  7 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  daily  newspaper,  water- 
works, sewers,  electric  lights,  curbed  streets,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  goods,  hardware,  plated  goods,  machinery, 
needles,  Ac.  Pop.  of  borough,  6800;  of  town  in  1890, 
6048;  in  1894,  7500. 

Torrita,  tOR-Ree't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Flor- 
ence, 4  miles  N.N.W,  of  Montepulciano.     Pop.  4366. 

Torroella  de  Montgri,  toR-Ro-Sl'yi  di  mont-gree', 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gerona, 


on  the  Ter,  4  miles  from  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  foot  of 
a  hill  crowned  by  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  3330. 

Torrox,  or  Torroj,  toR-ROH'  (anc.  Cavil'cumt),  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles  E.  of  Malaga,  on  the 
Torrox,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  5423. 

Torrubia  del  Campo,  toR-Roo'se-i  ddl  k&m'po,  a 
village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  of  Cuenca,  and  50' 
miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1354. 

Tor'ry,  a  fishing  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Kincardine,  on  the  Dee,  opposite  Aberdeen.     Pop.  686. 

Tor'ryburn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the 
Firth  of  Forth,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Dunfermline.     Pop.  338. 

Torry  Island,  Ireland.    See  Tory  Island. 

Tor'sa,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  E.  of  the  islands  of  Sell  and  Luing. 

Torshaella,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Thorshalla. 

Torshok,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Torzhok. 

Tortoise  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Galapagos. 

Tortola,  tor-to'la,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  West 
Indies,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  lat.  18°  24'  N.  and 
Ion.  64°  32'  W.,  between  Virgin  Gorda  and  St.  John. 
Length,  12  miles;  breadth,  4  miles.  Pop.  6050.  It  con- 
sists mostly  of  a  range  of  hills  rising  to  1600  feet  in  eleva- 
tion, and  in  its  N.  part  encircling  a  harbor,  on  the  W.  side 
of  which  is  the  town  of  Tortola.  The  island  is  very  un- 
healthy. It  exports  sugar,  molasses,  rum,  galls,  and  cop- 
per ore.  Tortola  has  its  governor,  council,  and  legislative 
assembly.     It  became  a  British  possession  in  1666. 

Tortoli,  toR'to-le,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lanusei,  near  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,, 
on  the  E.  coast.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  con- 
vent, and  a  trade  in  wine  and  cheese.     Pop.  1694. 

Tortona,  toR-to'ni  (anc.  Derto'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  In 
Piedmont,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Scrivia,  at 
the  foot  of  a  height  crowned  by  a  ruined  fortress.  Pop. 
6786.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  silk  and 
other  fabrics,  and  an  active  trade  in  corn,  wine,  Ao. 

Tortoreto,  toR-to-r4'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Teramo,  near  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  3243. 

Tortorici,  toR-to're-che,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Patti.     Pop.  2296. 

Tortosa,  toR-to'si  (anc.  Derto'aa),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  43  miles  S.W,  of  Tarragona,  on  the  Ebro,  22 
miles  from  its  mouth,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  It 
is  strongly  fortified  by  walls  and  several  outworks,  is  en- 
tered by  7  gates,  and  has  a  large  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace, 
town  hall,  hospital,  public  granary,  a  college,  and  a  palace. 
Its  manufactures  comprise  oil,  flour,  soap,  fine  delft,  cottons, 
leather,  brandy,  common  earthenware,  cordage,  linens,  wax- 
chandlery,  glass,  starch,  and  baskets,  ropes,  Ac,  of  palm 
and  esparto.  It  has  an  important  trade  in  wheat,  timber, 
wine,  oil,  wool,  alum,  silk,  barilla,  soda,  charcoal,  liquorice, 
tares,  pitch,  tar,  firewood,  jasper,  fruits,  Ac,  the  river  being 
navigable  by  vessels  of  100  tons.  This  city  was  wrested  from 
the  Moors  by  Louis  le  Debonnaire  in  811,  but  was  soon  re- 
covered by  them,  and  became  a  nest  of  pirates.  Eugenius 
III.  therefore  proclaimed  a  crusade  against  it,  and  it  was 
taken  in  1148.  In  1149  the  Moors  made  a  desperate  effort 
to  regain  possession  of  the  city,  but  were  defeated,  partly 
through  the  bravery  of  the  women.  Tortosa  was  taken  in 
1798  by  the  French.  Near  the  town  are  jasper-quarries. 
Pop.  24,702. 

"Torto'sa  (anc.  Ortho»iat),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  30 
miles  N.  of  Tripoli.  In  the  Middle  Ages  it  was  a  fortress 
of  importance,  but  its  walls  are  now  in  ruins. 

Tortsvar,  toRts^'&R',  or  Torzburg,  toRts'bfioRG,  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  with  a  castle  near  the  Torzburg 
Pass  into  Wallachia,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Kronstadt,     P.  8932. 

Tortnga,  tor-too'ga,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  in 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  55  miles  W.  of  Margarita,  and  belonging 
to  Venezuela.  Length,  from  E.  to  AV.,  15  miles;  breadth, 
8  miles.     It  produces  salt. 

Tortuga,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Hayti.  Lat. 
20°  N.;  Ion,  72°  36'  W,  Length,  E.  to  W,,  22  miles; 
breadth,  6  miles, 

Tortuga,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  86  miles 
S,  of  the  island  of  Tiburon. 

Tortugas,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  off  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Cuba,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow 
channel  called  El  Savirral.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  26 
miles;  breadth,  about  6  miles.  It  forms  the  entrance  to 
the  harbor  of  Nuevitas. 

Tortugas,  Florida.     See  Dry  Tortugas. 

Tortura,  toR-too'ri  (the  Neph'ath  of  Scripture),  a 
maritime  village  of  Palestine,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Acre,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  at  the  W.  foot  of  Mount  Carmel. 

Torviscon,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Torbisoon. 


TOR 


2637 


TOU 


To'ry  Creek)  a  post-oflBce  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

To'ry  (or  Tor'ry)  Island,  an  island  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Innis- 
bofiin,  with  a  light-house  in  lat.  55°  5'  N. 

Torzburg)  a  village  of  Transylvania.     See  T(5rtsvar. 

Torzhok,  Torshok,  or  Toigok,  toR-zhok'^  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tver,  on 
the  Tvertsa.  Lat.  57°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  3'  E.  Pop.  12,910. 
The  public  edifices  comprise  a  cathedral  and  many  other 
churches,  2  convents,  a  government  house,  normal  school, 
and  orphan  asylum.  It  is  famous  for  a  holy  spring,  visited 
by  pilgrims.  Its  position  on  a  navigable  river,  and  on  the 
road  from  Moscow  to  St.  Petersburg,  renders  it  of  consider- 
able commercial  importance;  and  it  has  3  large  annual 
fairs,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  leather,  from  which 
shoes,  gloves,  &o.,  are  made :  these,  being  embroidered  with 
gold  and  silver,  are  exported  in  large  quantities. 

Tosa,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Toce. 

Tosa,  a  province  and  populous  town  of  Japan,  in  the 
S.  part  of  the  island  of  Shikoku. 

Toscaua,  a  country  of  Italy.     See  Tuscany. 

Toscanella,  tos-ki-n51'li  (anc.  Tuacania),  a  town  of 
Italy,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Civita  Vecchia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Marta.  Pop.  3485.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  is  sur- 
rounded by  fortifications,  and  has  a  cathedral  of  the  eighth 
century.  It  was  anciently  a  city  of  Etraria ;  in  and  around 
it  are  numerous  Etruscan  antiquities. 

Toscolano,  tos-ko-l&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago  di  Garda.  It  has 
paper-  and  oil-mills.     Pop.  2620, 

Toshlidscha,  a  town  of  Bosnia.     See  Tashlidje. 

Tosia,  to'see*4  (anc.  Doceaf),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Angora.  It  is  stated  to  comprise  3000 
Turkish  and  60  Greek  dwellings,  with  some  fine  minarets 
and  old  Christian  edifices,  and  has  a  trade  in  morocco 
leather. 

Tosna,  tos'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  government  of  Novgorod,  enters  the  government  of 
Petersburg,  flows  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  60 
miles,  joins  the  Neva.  It  is  much  used  for  floating  timber 
to  the  capital. 

Toss,  toss,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  It  contains  the  remains  of  a 
celebrated  convent,  now  used  as  a  corn-  and  salt-magazine. 
The  Zurichers  were  defeated  here  in  1292  by  Duke  Al- 
brecht  of  Austria.     Pop.  2416. 

Tossa,  tos'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
S.  of  Gerona,  near  a  cape  of  the  same  name  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, at  the  foot  of  steep,  lofty,  and  almost  inaccessi- 
ble heights.     Pop.  2006. 

Tost,  tost,  or  Toszek,  tos^sSk',  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  15  miles  W.  of  Tarnowitz.     Pop.  1775. 

Tostakh,  tos-t3,K',  a  river  of  Siberia,  province  of  Ya- 
kootsk,  joins  the  Yana,  after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  200  miles. 

Totalan,  to-tk-l&n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1158. 

Totana,  to-t4'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Lorca.  Pop.  6875.  It  has  a  handsome  public  foun- 
tain, and  manufactures  of  linen,  wax  candles,  earthenware, 
brandy,  and  saltpetre. 

Tot'hill  Fields,  a  district  of  England,  within  the 
city  of  Westminster,  and  containing  a  large  county  prison. 

Totis,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Dotis. 

Totma,  tot'mi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110 
miles  N.E.  of  Vologda,  on  the  Sookhona.  Pop.  3315.  It 
has  a  monastery  which  attracts  many  pilgrims,  and  near 
it  are  extensive  salt-works. 

Tot'ness,  or  Tot'nes,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dart,  10  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  and  across  which  it  com- 
municates by  a  bridge  with  its  suburb  Bridgetown,  and  on 
the  South  Devon  Railway,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Exeter.  Pop. 
4073.  It  consists  chiefly  of  a  long  street,  extending  up  a 
hill  to  its  ruined  castle.  It  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  towns 
in  England,  and  many  houses  are  ornamented  with  colon- 
nades. Bridgetown  is  more  modern.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-coat  school,  a 
guild  hall,  council-house,  assembly-rooms,  a  theatre,  and 
an  important  trade  in  coal. 

Tot'ness,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
from  Stratford.     Pop.  200. 

To'to,  a  post-office  of  Starke  co.,  Ind. 

Totoia,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.     See  Totoda. 

Totomina,  to-to-me'ni,  a  bay  of  Japan,  island  of 
Hondo,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.  Lat.  34°  40'  N.;  Ion.  138° 
40'  E.     The  town  of  Soorooga  is  on  this  bay. 

Totonicapan,  to-to-ne-ki-p&n',  a  town  of  Guatemala, 


100  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.  Pop.  12,000, 
It  covers  a  large  space,  and  has  mineral  springs  and  mana« 
factures  of  woollen  stuffs,  wooden  articles,  and  hardware. 

Totorkan,  Bulgaria.     See  Turtukai. 

Totoua,  to-too'l,  or  Totoia,  to-toi'&,  one  of  the  Fee- 
jee Islands,  South  Pacific.     Lat.  18°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  180°  W, 

Tot'owa,  Passaic  co,,  N.J,,  is  a  part  of  the  2d  ward  of 
Paterson. 

Tot'ten,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co,,  Ark.,  12  miles 
from  Mabelvale.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tot'tenham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  5) 
miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  intersected  by  the 
Eastern  Counties  Railway.  It  is  almost  continuous  with 
suburbs  of  the  metropolis,  and  has  an  old  and  ornamented 
church,  various  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-ooat 
school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities.     Pop.  22,869. 

Tot'tenham,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bradford.  It  contains  a  grist-mill  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Tot'tenville,  a  post- village  on  Staten  Island,  in  West- 
field  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Raritan  Bay,  at  the 
S.  end  of  Staten  Island  Sound,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  New 
York,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Perth  Amboy.  It  is  a  terminus  of 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Perth 
Amboy  by  a  steam  ferry.  It  baa  2  churches  and  several 
ship-yards. 

Tot'ty's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn, 

Tonariks,  or  Touaryks.     See  Tooakeeks. 

Touarsois,  a  village  of  France,     See  Thouarsais. 

Touat,  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa.     See  Tooat. 

Toubouai.    See  Toobooai. 

Touchet,  too'shet',  a  village  of  Walla  Walla  eo.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Walla  Walla  &  Columbia  River  Railroad,  15 
miles  W.  of  Walla  Walla. 

Toncques,  took,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Orne  and  Calvados,  rises  near  Le  Merlerault,  and,  after  a  N. 
course  of  55  miles,  enters  the  English  Channel  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Honfleur.     Chief  affluents,  the  Orbec  and  Calonne. 

Toucy,  too^see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  13  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1706. 

Toudeny,  a  town  of  Africa,     See  Taudent. 

Tongaloo,  Tugaloo,  too^ga-loo',  or  Tongaloo,  a 
post-office  and  station  of  Hinds  co,.  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Jackson.  Here  is  a  colored  school  called  the  Tougaloo 
University,  which  was  organized  in  1869  and  has  13  in- 
structors. The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Tongaloo,  and 
that  of  the  station  Tugaloo. 

Toaggourt,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Tooggoort. 

Toughkenamon,  tuf-ken'a-m9n,  a  post-village  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  New  Garden  township,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  39^  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  spoke-factory. 

Toul,  tool  (anc.  Tul'lum),  a  fortified  town  of  France, 
department  of  Meurthe,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Moselle,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris 
to  Strasburg,  14  miles  W.  of  Nancy.  Lat.  48°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  5'  E.  Pop.  9566.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral,  a  com- 
munal college,  cavalry  and  infantry  barracks,  an  arsenal, 
and  manufactures  of  lace,  crockery,  and  hardware.  Near 
it  is  a  chalybeate  spring. 

Toula,  a  town  and  government  of  Russia,     See  Toola. 

Toulinguet,  Newfoundland,     See  Twillingate. 

Toulme,  tool'mee,  a  station  in  Hancock  co,.  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans  <fc  Mobile  Railroad,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of 
New  Orleans. 

Toulon,  too^lAso',  or  Tonlon-sur-Mer,  tooM6N"'- 
silR-maiR  (anc.  Te'lo-Mar'tiut),  a  seaport  city  and  naval 
station  of  France,  in  the  department  of  Var,  admirably 
situated  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  double  bay  formed  by  the 
Mediterranean,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Marseilles.  Lat.  of  the 
observatory,  43°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  56'  E.  Mean  temperature 
of  the  year,  62.2° ;  winter,  48.5° ;  summer,  75.2°  Fahr. 
Pop.  in  1891,  77,747.  It  is  built  on  an  acclivity  which 
rises  gradually  from  the  sea  and  terminates  towards  the  N. 
in  a  range  of  lofty  hills.  In  front  of  the  bay  is  a  projecting 
tongue  of  land,  which  nearly  closes  its  entrance ;  along  it, 
as  well  as  the  adjacent  points,  numerous  forts  have  been 
erected.  In  like  manner,  on  the  land  side  the  fortifications 
are  of  the  most  complete  description.  In  the  town  itself 
the  arsenal  and  other  marine  establishments  are  on  a  scale 
of  almost  unrivalled  magnificence.  The  houses  are  gen- 
erally well  built,  but  the  space  occupied  by  them  is  small, 
and  they  are  closely  crowded  together,  without  regularity, 
in  narrow  streets,  or  on  small,  insignificant  squares.  The 
only  edifices  not  connected  with  the  marine  deserving  of 
notice  are  the  cathedral,  the  church  of  Notre-Dame.  the 


TOU 


2638 


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church  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  h&tel-de-ville.  The  port  is 
separated  from  the  roadstead  by  moles  which  are  hollow 
aad  bomb-proof,  and  lined  by  batteries  d-Jleur-d'eau.  It 
consists  of  two  divisions, — the  Port- March  and,  or  Darse- 
Vieille,  on  the  E.,  appropriated  to  merchant-vessels,  lined 
with  a  fine  quay  and  handsome  edifices,  and  the  Port-Mi  li- 
taire,  or  Darse-Neuve,  on  the  W.,  where  are  immense  mag- 
azines apd  arsenals,  ship-building  docks,  rope-  and  sail- 
works,  and  the  convict  prison.  The  trade,  which  is  chiefly 
in  corn,  flour,  salt  provisions,  wine,  brandy,  oil,  capers,  and 
fruit,  has  increased  considerably  since  the  occupation  of 
Algiers.  Toulon  is  the  seat  of  a  maritime  prefecture  and 
of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  and  possesses  a 
Beoond-class  school  of  hydrography,  a  medical  naval  school, 
academy,  communal  college,  botanic  garden,  museum  of 
natural  history,  marine  museum,  and  public  library.  Toulon 
was  originally  a  Roman  colony ;  it  was  taken  by  the  Con- 
stable of  Bourbon  in  1524,  and  by  Charles  V.  in  1536.  The 
most  memorable  and  disastrous  event  connected  with  it  took 
place  in  1793,  when  the  British,  to  whom  the  Royalists  had 
surrendered  it,  having  been  forced  to  retire  after  a  siege  in 
which  Bonaparte  gave  the  first  decided  proofs  of  his  mili- 
tary genius,  the  Republicans  gave  up  the  town  to  pillage 
and  massacre.  At  Toulon  Bonaparte  embarked  in  1798, 
previous  to  his  memorable  campaign  in  Egypt. 

Toulon,  too'lon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stark  co., 
111.,  in  Toulon  township,  on  the  Peoria  <fc  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Peoria,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Galva.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1880,  967  5  in  1890, 
945  ;  of  the  township,  2579. 

Toulon-8ur-Arroux,tooM6ii»'-siiR-aR^Roo',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  on  the  Arroux,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge  of  13  arches,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charolles.  It 
has  a  trade  in  corn,  cattle,  and  wood.     Pop.  1890. 

Toulousain,  tooMoo'zS.N»',  an  ancient  district  of 
France,  belonged  to  the  province  of  Languedoc,  and  is  now 
included  in  the  departments  of  Haute-Garonne  and  Tarn- 
et-Garonne.     Toulouse  was  its  capital. 

Toulouse,  or  Thoulouse,  tooMooz'  (anc.  Tolo'aa),  a 
city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Haute-Garonne, 
on  the  Garonne,  the  Canal  du  Midi,  and  a  railway,  130 
miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux,  and  200  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Lat.  of  observatory,  43°  36'  47"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  27' 
55"  E.  Pop.  in  1846,  71,895;  in  1891,  149,791.  It  is  situated 
chiefly  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  but  partly  also  on 
an  island  in  its  channel ;  a  handsome  bridge  across  the  river 
communicates  with  the  large  suburb  of  Saint-Cyprien.  Its 
old  walls  have  almost  entirely  disappeared.  The  town  is 
mostly  composed  of  clumsy  antiquated  houses  of  red  brick, 
badly  cemented  with  clay,  and  of  a  very  gloomy  aspect; 
the  streets  are  narrow,  winding,  ill  paved,  and  dirty.  Sev- 
eral parts  of  the  city  have,  however,  a  modern  and  hand- 
some appearance.  Among  others  may  be  mentioned  the 
Place  du  Capitole,  a  large  and  well-built  square,  adorned 
with  four  fountains,  one  at  each  angle,  and  the  chief  place 
of  bustle  and  traffic;  and  the  Place  La  Fayette,  a  circus 
lined  with  regular  mansions,  and  opening  on  the  E.  into  a 
fine  promenade,  composed  of  three  parallel  alleys.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  h6tel-de-ville,  near  the  centre  of 
the  town,  in  the  square  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  a  large 
structure,  adorned  in  front  with  eight  columns  of  red  mar- 
ble, and  including,  in  addition  to  the  municipal  buildings, 
a  theatre  in  the  left  wing ;  a  mediaeval  cathedral ;  the  church 
of  St.  Sernin,  the  oldest  and  most  perfect  of  the  ecclesias- 
tical edifices ;  the  church  of  St.  Taur,  with  a  remarkable 
belfry ;  the  church  of  the  Jacobins ;  the  picture-gallery ; 
the  museum,  with  a  good  collection  of  Gallic,  Roman,  and 
Gothic  antiquities;  the  convent  de  I'lnquisition,  an  ob- 
scure edifice,  remarkable  only  for  the  atrocities  perpetrated 
within  its  precincts ;  and  the  palais  dejtutice,  in  which  the 
parliament  of  Toulouse  used  to  hold  its  sittings,  and  said 
to  have  been  founded  in  the  time  of  Galba.  Toulouse  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  an  appeal  court  and 
of  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  and  possesses  a 
chamber  of  commerce  and  exchange,  a  mint,  a  Protestant 
divinity  hall,  a  diocesan  seminary,  faculties  of  law,  science, 
and  literature,  a  secondary  school  of  medicine,  a  veteri- 
nary school,  a  school  of  artillery,  an  academy  of  "  fioral 
games,"  the  most  ancient  in  Europe,  a  national  college, 
seminary,  and  normal  school,  a  public  library  of  60,000 
volumes,  an  observatory,  an  excellent  botanic  garden,  an 
antiquarian  society,  and  a  national  academy  of  sciences, 
inscriptions,  and  belles-lettres.  A  new  university  has  been 
established  here,  but  is  not  yet  organized,  in  1879. 
.  The  manufactures  consist  of  woollen  cloth  and  woollen 


covers,  silk  goods,  vermicelli,  starch,  flannel,  paper,  scythes, 
machinery,  hardware,  chemicals,  oil,  coaches,  wax  candles, 
cutlery,  stoneware,  and  porcelain.  There  are  also  numer- 
ous tanneries,  both  for  common  and  morocco  leather,  a 
cannon-foundry,  gunpowder-  and  tobacco-factories,  dye- 
works,  distilleries,  and  cotton-mills.  Toulouse  is  the  en- 
trepfit  for  the  commerce  between  the  interior  of  France  and 
Spain.  Its  trade  is  greatly  favored  by  the  situation  of  the 
city,  and  facilitated  both  by  water  and  by  railway  communi- 
cation. The  chief  articles  are  corn  and  flour,  wine,  brandy, 
colonial  produce,  iron  and  iron-wares,  oil,  soap,  and  feathers. 
Toulouse  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  rose  to  eminence 
under  the  Romans,  who  embellished  it  with  a  capitol,  am- 
phitheatre, and  other  edifices,  of  which  vestiges  still  remain. 
In  the  beginning  of  the  fifth  century  the  Visigoths  became 
its  masters,  and  made  it  the  capital  of  their  kingdom,  which 
it  continued  to  be  till  508,  when  Clovis  gained  possession 
of  it.  In  732  it  was  taken  by  the  Saracens.  Under  Charle- 
magne it  became  the  capital  of  Aquitaine.  It  was  after- 
wards governed  by  independent  counts,  and  in  the  eleventh 
century  the  Inquisition  here  consigned  multitudes  of  Al 
bigenses  and  Vaudois  to  the  flames.  The  battle  of  Tou- 
louse, in  which  Wellington  defeated  the  French  under 
Soult,  was  fought  on  the  10th  of  April,  1814. 

Toultcha,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Toolcha. 

Toumat,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Toomat. 

Toumen,  a  river  of  Corea.     See  Toomen. 

Touiueu,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Tioombm. 

Touudja,  a  river  of  Roumelia.     See  Toonja. 

Toung-Hai.    See  China  Sea. 

Toung-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Toong-Kiano. 

Toungoo,  or  Taungu,  t5wn-goo',  written  also  Ton- 
gho,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  Toungoo  dis- 
trict, 85  miles  E.  of  Prome.     Pop.  10,732. 

Toungoo,  a  district  of  British  Burmah,  in  the  N.  part 
of  Tenasserim.  Area,  6354  square  miles.  Capital,  Toun- 
goo.    Pop.  86,166. 

Toungouses,  a  people  of  Siberia.    See  Toongoosbs. 

Toungouska,  three  rivers  of  Siberia.  See  Toongooska- 

Toung-Tao,,an  island  of  Japan.     See  Fiqasi-Sima. 

Tou-Ping-Iiiug,  China.     See  Too-Ping-Ling. 

Toura,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Toora. 

Touraine,  tooVin',  an  old  province  of  France,  watered 
by  the  Loire,  Cher,  and  Vienne  Rivers,  and  now  forminj; 
the  greater  part  of  the  department  of  Indre-et- Loire. 

Tourbout,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Toorboot. 

Tourchiz,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Toorsheez. 

Tourcoing,  tooR^kwiuo',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  on  the  railway  from  Mouscron  to  Lille,  7i 
miles  N.E.  of  Lille.  Pop.  33,013.  It  has  a  town  hall,  re- 
mains of  an  old  chateau,  a  communal  college,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  worsted  goods,  camlets,  plushes, 
muslins,  silk  and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery,  machinery,  soap, 
carpets,  ticking,  <kc.,  with  many  dye-works. 

Tour-d'Aigues,  La.    See  La  Todr  d'Aisuks. 

Tour-d'Auvergne,  La.    See  La  Tour  d'Auvergwb. 

Tour-de- France,  La.    See  La  Tour  db  France. 

Tour-de-Peil,  La.    See  La  Tour  de  Peil. 

Tourfan,  Chinese  Toorkistan.     See  Toorpan. 

Tourinnes-Ia-Grosse,  too^reen'-li-gross,  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  on  the  NSthe,  21  miles  E.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1192. 

Tourinnes-les-Ourdons-Saint-Lambert-Li- 
bersart,  too^reen'  liz  oorM6n»'  siN<»  l6M^baiR'  lee^bfiR^- 
saR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  South  Brabant,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1498. 

Tourinsk,  Siberia.    See  Toorinsk. 

Tourkhal,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Toorkhai,. 

Tourlaville,  tooRMiVeel',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Manche,  arrondissement  of  Cherbourg.  Pop. 
1852.     It  has  stone-quarries  and  glass-works. 

Tournaisis,  tooR^ni^zee',  an  ancient  district  of  Bel- 
gium, having  Tournay  for  its  capital.  With  the  exception 
of  a  part  belonging  to  West  Flanders,  it  is  now  included  in 
theprovince  of  Hainaut. 

'Tournay,  tooR^ni'  (Flem.  Doornik,  d5r'nik;  anc. 
Giv'itaa  Nervio'rum),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Scheldt,  here  crossed  by  several  flying  bridges,  and  which 
divides  it  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.  The  extensive  and  cele- 
brated fortifications  have  been  demolished  and  their  place 
turned  into  promenades.  It  consists  in  general  of  spacious 
streets  and  squares,  lined  by  well-built  houses.  It  has 
superb  quays,  finely  planted  so  as  to  form  excellent  prom- 
enades. The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  a  very 
ancient  structure,  of  Romanesque  and  ogival  architecture, 
with  five  pointed  towers,  a  majestic  interior,  of  which  th« 


TOU 


2639 


TOW 


ehoir  is  particularly  admired,  many  interesting  remains  of 
antiquity,  and  some  good  paintings,  among  which  is  one 
of  the  Souls  in  Purgatory,  by  Rubens ;  7  other  churches,  of 
which  that  of  St.  Briee,  with  the  tomb  of  King  Childerio 
adjoining,  is  the  most  deserving  of  notice  j  the  ancient  con* 
vent  of  St.  Martin  and  its  Gothic  church,  now  used  partly 
as  a  town  house  and  partly  as  a  museum,  with  a  park  and 
botanic  garden  adjoining;  the  belfry,  a  lofty  tower  in  the 
market-place,  supposed  to  have  formed,  in  the  beginning 
of  the  thirteenth  century,  the  donjon  of  a  castle ;  a  large 
and  imposing  building  in  the  Renaissance  style,  originally 
a  oloth-hall,  and  now  converted  into  the  principal  guard- 
house ;  and  a  concert-room,  with  a  columnar  facade  support- 
ing a  dome.  Tournay  possesses  courts  of  first  resort  and 
commerce,  superior,  primary,  and  other  schools,  a  school  of 
arts,  an  academy  of  design,  painting,  sculpture,  and  archi- 
tecture, an  episcopal  seminary,  a  picture-gallery,  a  public 
library,  an  athenaeum,  a  theatre,  a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum, 
literary  and  musical  societies,  and  several  hospitals  and 
similar  benevolent  institutions.  The  manufactures,  which 
are  extensive,  consist  of  hosiery,  carpets,  porcelain,  linen 
and  cotton  tissues,  leather,  liqueurs,  <fcc.  The  trade,  favored 
both  by  the  railway  and  by  the  navigation  of  the  Scheldt, 
includes,  in  addition  to  the  manufactures,  a  large  export 
of  lime  from  quarries  in  the  vicinity.    Pop.  (1891)  34,444. 

Tourneppe,  tooRMiipp',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Senne,  7  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 
It  has  paper-mills.     Pop.  ;^071. 

TournoU)  tooR*n6s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche, 
on  the  Rhone,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  suspension-bridge,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Valence.  Pop.  4947.  It  has  a  good  quay 
on  the  Rhone,  an  old  castle  on  a  neighboring  height,  a 
lyc6e  or  college,  silk-mills,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  Hermitage 
wines,  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  and  timber. 

TournuS)  tooR^niice',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sa6ne,  17  miles  N.  of  M3,con, 
on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons.  Pop.  4412.  It  has  a 
chamber  of  commerce,  a  communal  college,  and  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  steam-engines,  silks,  and  beet  sugar. 

Touron,  a  town  of  Anam,     See  Tooron. 

T ouroukhansk,  Siberia.    See  Toorookhansk. 

Tours^tooR  (anc.  Csesarodu'num,  afterwards  Tu'ronea), 
m  city  of  France,  department  of  Indre-ct- Loire,  between  the 
left  bank  of  the  Loire  and  the  right  bank  of  the  Cher,  and  at 
the  termini  of  railways  from  Paris,  Bordeaux,  and  Nantes, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Orleans.  Lat.  47°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  42'  E. 
Pop.  69,585.  Tours  is  situated  at  the  extremity  of  a  fine 
plain.  The  principal  entrance  is  by  a  magnificent  bridge 
Tone  of  the  finest  in  Europe)  across  the  Loire.  It  is  1423 
leet  long,  and  consists  of  15  arches.  The  bridge  is  con- 
tinued by  a  fine  street,  which  traverses  the  town  through- 
out its  whole  length  and  constitutes  its  principal  thorough- 
fare. The  banks  of  the  river  are  enclosed  by  a  quay,  lined 
with  handsome  houses  and  finely-planted  promenades.  A 
great  part  of  the  town  is  new,  and  many  of  the  streets  are 
spacious  and  elegant;  but  the  older  quarters  are  very  in- 
differently built,  and  generally  consist  of  narrow,  irregular 
streets.  The  principal  edifice  is  the  cathedral.  Its  W. 
front  consists  of  three  lofty  portals  covered  with  florid  or- 
naments, surmounted  by  a  window  of  astonishing  dimen- 
sions, and  flanked  by  two  domed  towers  205  feet  high. 
The  interior,  which  is  of  the  purest  Gothic,  and  lighted  by 
beautifully  stained  glass,  is  256  feet  in  length  and  86  feet 
in  height.  The  other  buildings  deserving  of  notice  are  two 
towers,  the  one  called  the  tower  of  St.  Martin,  or  Horloge, 
from  containing  the  principal  clock,  the  other  the  tower 
of  Charlemagne,  because  his  queen  Luitgarde  was  buried 
below  it,  and  both  remarkable  as  the  only  relics  which  the 
revolution  of  1793  has  left  of  the  vast  cathedral  of  St. 
Martin  of  Tours,  after  it  had  flourished  for  twelve  cen- 
turies; the  church  of  St.  Julian,  a  pointed  edifice  of  the 
thirteenth  century ;  2  circular  and  machicolated  towers,  en- 
closed within  the  cavalry  barracks,  forming  part  of  the 
castle  built  by  Henry  II.  of  England;  the  church  of  St. 
Clement,  a  chaste  and  beautiful  structure,  with  a  fine  por- 
tal, but  now  used  as  a  corn-market ;  the  archiepiscopal  pal- 
ace, regarded  as  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  kingdom; 
the  prefecture,  with  a  public  library  and  several  remark- 
able manuscripts;  a  pioture-gallery  and  museum  of  natural 
history ;  the  town  house,  court-house,  general  hospital,  and 
an  elegant  fountain  of  white  marble. 

The  manufactures  consist  of  silk  stufiis,  ribbons,  broad- 
cloth, serge,  carpets,  pottery,  starch,  and  wax  candles ;  the 
trade  is  in  corn,  wine,  brandy,  dried  fruits,  wax,  hemp, 
wool,  <tc.  Tours  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  a 
court  of  first  resort  and  of  commerce,  and  possesses  a  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  a  society  of  agriculture,  science,  art,  and 


belles-lettres,  a  diocesan  seminary,  and  a  lycte  or  college. 
It  early  acquired  considerable  importance,  and  under  the 
Romans  became  the  capital  of  Lugdunensis  III.  In  more 
modern  times  it  had  become  famous  for  its  silk-manufao- 
tures,  and  had  a  population  of  80,000,  when  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes  inflicted  a  blow  on  its  prosperity 
from  which  it  has  never  recovered.  Tours  has  become  a 
favorite  residence  of  the  English,  whose  numbers  within  it 
have  been  estimated  at  3000.  In  the  neighborhood,  about 
a  mile  W.  of  the  town,  is  the  castellated  den  of  Plessis-les 
Tours,  of  which  an  admirable  description  is  given  by  Scott 
in  his  "  Quentin  Durward."  Louis  XI.  died  hero  in  1483. 
The  national  powder-mills  are  in  the  vicinity. 

Tourves,  tooRv,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  19  milea  N. 
of  Toulon.     Pop.  1977. 

Tousley,  tSwz'le,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Wis.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Jefferson. 

Toussaint  (too's^nt)  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  through 
Ottawa  CO.  into  Lake  Erie. 

Toutle,  too't^l,  or  Tootle,  a  river  of  Washington, 
rises  near  the  N.E.  corner  of  Clarke  CO.,  flows  westward, 
and  enters  the  Cowlitz  River  in  Cowlitz  co. 

Tou-Yan,  a  city  of  China.     See  Too-Yan. 

Touz-Goul,  a  lake,  Chinese  Empire.     See Tooz-QooL. 

Touzkourmaty,  Koordistan.    See  Toozkoormaty. 

Tovarnik,  to-vaR-neek',  a  town  of  Slavonia,  co.  of 
Syrmia,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vukovar.     Pop.  2272. 

Towaliga,  t5w-a-li'ga,  a  post-office  of  Butts  co., 
Ga.,  about  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Towaliga  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee 
River  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth. 

Tow^amen'sing,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1209. 

Towanda,  to-w4n'da,  a  post-village  in  Towanda  town- 
ship, McLean  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  graded  school  and 
3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1235. 

Towanda,  a  post- village  in  Towanda  township,  Butler 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Whitewater  Creek,  about  22  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Wichita,  and  9  miles  W.  of  El  Dorado.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  414. 

Towanda,  a  handsome  post-borough,  capital  of  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  in  Towanda  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  ui 
the  N.  terminus  of  the  State  Line  A  Sullivan  Railroad.  By 
railroad  it  is  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton,  and  37  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  court-house,  7  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Susquehanna  Collegiate 
Institute,  and  3  or  4  newspaper  offices.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  furniture,  mowing-machines,  fanning-mills,  Ac. 
The  Barclay  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  the  coal- 
mines at  Barclay.  Pop.  in  1880,  3814;  in  1890,  4169;  of 
Towanda  township,  1091  additional. 

Towanda  Creek,  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  runs  nearly 
northeastward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River  about  2  miles  below  Towanda. 

Towash,  to-wash',  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  about  115  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin. 

Towcester,  tows't^r  (anc.  Lactodn'mm),  a  town  of* 
England,  co.  and  8  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Northampton,  on  the 
ancient  AVatling  Street.  Pop.  2465.  It  has  a  mediaeval 
church,  and  manufactures  of  silks  and  bobbin-lace. 

Tow'er,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Tow'er  City,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  North  Dakota, 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Fargo. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.(1890).'509. 

Tower  City,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  A  Tremont  Railroad,  11  milea 
W.S.W,  of  Tremont.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  358. 

Tow'er  Ham'lets,  a  parliamentary  borough  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Middlesex,  comprising  all  that  part  of  the  me- 
tropolis E.  of  the  city  of  London  and  Finsbury,  extending 
S.  to  the  Thames,  and  consisting  of  the  parishes  of  Shore- 
ditch,  Spitalfields,  Bethnal  Green,  Limehouse,  Poplar,  Ac. 
The  borough  contains  the  London  and  St.  Katharine's 
docks,  the  mint,  Trinity  House,  the  London  Hospital  and 
numerous  other  charitable  institutions,  and  the  terminus  of 
the  East  and  Northeast  Counties  Railways.  The  Tower  of 
London,  whence  its  name,  is  at  the  S.W.  extremity.  This 
borough  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
(See  London.)     Pop.  391,790. 

Tower  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Tower  Hill  township, 
Shelby  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroaa, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of  Pana,  and  9  miles  W. 
of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post- 


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oflSce,  and  a  graded  school.  Here  is  a  hill  which  com- 
mands an  extensive  view.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1176. 

Tower  Mill;  a  post-oflBce  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  about 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Anamosa. 

Tower  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  N.  of  Appomattox  Depot.     Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Tower  Spring)  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Tow'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Viroqua.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Tow  Law,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  W.  of 
Durham.     Pop.  4968. 

Towlesville,  tSwlz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kanona.     It  has  2  churches. 

Town  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Neches  Kiver,  about  100  miles  direct  N.E.  of  Houston. 

Town  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  northward  through 
Lawrence  co.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  Kiver. 

Town  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Tus- 
cumbia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  school-house. 

Town  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Town  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Brunswick  co., 
N.C.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  forests  of 
cypress  and  pine.     Pop.  2392. 

Town'er  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Polk  City, 

Towner's,  a  post-village  in  Patterson  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  59 
miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York,  and  1  mile  from  Croton  Lake. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  &c.  About  250  cans  of 
milk  are  daily  shipped  here. 

Townesville,  tSwnz'vIl,  or  Towns'ville,  a  post- 
village  in  Townsville  township,  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  about 
52  miles  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2187. 

Town  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  flour-mill,  <fec. 

Town  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches. 

Town  House  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  West  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Town  liine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
W.  line  of  Alden  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.  of  Bufialo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Town  Ijine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Town  Point,  a  village  and  landing  of  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
on  Elk  River,  about  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has 
several  stores  and  boarding-houses.  The  Baltimore  steam- 
boats touch  here  daily.     Pop.  about  200. 

Towns,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  ot  Georgia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  180  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Hiawassee  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  and  live-stock  are  the 
staple  products.  No  railways  traverse  this  county.  Capi- 
tal, Hiawassee.  Pop.  in  1870,  2780;  in  1880,  3261;  in 
1890,  4064. 

*  Towns,  a  post-yillage  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
A  Brunswick  Railroad,  86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon.  It  has 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  turpentine-works,  Ac. 

Townsbury,  tSwnz'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Hope 
township,  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  Pequest  Creek,  5  miles  N^E. 
of  Oxford.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
distillery. 

Towns'end,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilmington. 

Townsend,  or  Townsend  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Townsend  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Squan- 
nacook  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Lowell,  and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  has  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  several  fac- 
tories. The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Townsend.  Pop.  of 
the  township  (which  contains  Townsend  Harbor  and  West 
Townsend)  in  1880,  1967;  in  1890,  1760. 

Townsend,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb. 

Townsend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dix  township,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watkins,  and  about  20 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  vine- 
gar-factory. 

Townsend,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  1300. 

Townsend,  a  post-township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  about 
10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Fremont.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Sandusky  Bay,  and  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky 
&  Cleveland  Railroad.     Pop.  1697.     See  York. 


Townsend  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.; 
Ontario,  2i  miles  from  Waterford.     Pop.  100. 

Towns'end  Har'bor,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Townsend  township,  on  the  Squannacook 
River,  and  on  the  Peterborough  <fc  Shirley  Branch  Rail- 
road, 43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  several  mills. 

Townsend  Inlet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co., 
N.J.,  on  or  near  the  sea-coast,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  At- 
lantic City.     Pop.  309. 

Townsend  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Towns'endville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

Town'sen  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Townshend,  tSwnz'end,  a  post-village  in  Townshend 
township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  West  River,  about  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bellows  Falls,  and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Benning- 
ton.    It  contains  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  bobbin 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1171. 

Town  Site,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 

Towns'ville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Townsville,  North  Carolina.    See  Townesville. 

Townsville,  township,  Granville  co.,  N.C.     P.  2187. 

Townsville,  or  Town'ville,  a  post-borough  in  Steu- 
ben township,  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Titus- 
ville.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages^ 
oars,  wooden  bowls,  and  lumber.     Pop.  280. 

Towns'ville,  a  seaport  town  of  Queensland,  on  Cleve- 
land Bay,  N.E.  coast,  about  lat.  19°  16'  S.     Pop.  2174. 

Town'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Seneca. 

Town-Yeth'olm,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Box- 
burgh,  on  the  left  bank  of  Beaumont  Water,  across  which 
it  communicates  with  Kirk-Yetholm.     See  Yetholm. 

Towson,  tdw'sgn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Maryland  Central  Railroad,  about  8  miles 
N.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  3  newspaper  offices,  3  churches,  a  court- 
house, and  a  high  school. 

Tow'ton,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  2i  miles  S.  of  Tadcaster.  Here  a  great  battle  was 
fought  between  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster  in  1461. 

To'wy,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Car- 
digan, flows  mostly  S.W.  through  Carmarthenshire,  and 
joins  Carmarthen  Bay  8  miles  S.  of  Carmarthen.  Total 
course,  60  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  Carmar- 
then for  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden. 

To'wyn,  or  Ty'wyn,  a  parish  and  village  of  North 
Wales,  on  its  W.  coast,  co.  of  Merioneth,  near  Cardigan 
Bay,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Barmouth.  Pop.  3307,  engaged 
in  woollen-mills,  slate-quarries,  and  lead-  and  copper- 
mines. 

Tox'away,  a  river  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  is  a  smaU 
branch  of  the  Kiowee. 

Toxaway,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  11  miles  S. 
of  Walhalla. 

Tox'teth  Park,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
the  N.E.  quarter  of  the  town  of  Liverpool.  Pop.  91,912, 
mostly  within  the  limits  of  Liverpool. 

To'zer,  a  town  of  Tunis,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Al 
Sibkah  (Lowdeah).     It  has  a  large  trade  in  dates. 
.  Traben,  tr^'b^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  39  miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz,  at  the  fioot  of  the 
Trabenberg,  on  the  Moselle,  opposite  Trarbach. 

Trabezh,  or  Trabej,  tri-bfizh',  written  also  Tra- 
besch,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.W.  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Chernigov,  enters  the  government  of  Poltava,  flows 
first  S.S.W.  to  Pereslavl,  then  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Dnieper 
on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Trabia,  tri-bee'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  province 
of  Palermo,  on  the  sea,  20  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Palermo. 
Pop.  4431. 

Tra'bing  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, 200  miles  from  Medicine  Bow. 

Tracadie,  trak'a-dee\  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Antigonish,  at  the  head  of  Pomquet  Harbor,  formed 
by  St.  George's  Bay,  164  miles  N.E.of  Halifax.  The  har- 
bor is  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  any  size,  and  timber 
and  gypsum  are  exported.  The  Trappists  have  a  monas- 
tery here,  and  there  is  also  a  convent.     Pop.  1700. 

Tracadie,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  50  miles  from  Chatham. 
It  has  a  hospital  for  lepers.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
engaged  in  the  fishery.     Pop.  1200. 

Trace  Creek,  a  post-office  df  Madison  co..  Mo. 

Trace  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Magoffin  co.,  Ky. 

Trace  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 


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Tra'ceV)  a  station  in  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mid- 
laml  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Wabasha. 

Tracey'S)  a  station  of  the  Freehold  k  Jamesburg  Rail- 
road, 6i  miles  N.W.  of  Freehold,  N.J. 

Tracey  Station^  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  North  Branch  of  Oromocto  River,  and 
on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  3i  miles  from 
Blissville.     It  has  stores  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Trachenberg,  triK'^n-bSRO^  or  Straburek,  stri'- 
boo-rSk^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Breslau,  capital  of  a  principality,  on  the  Bartsch.  P.  3073. 

Trach8elwald,triK's9l-Mlt\a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1671. 

Track  Rock^  a  post-oflBce  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Tracy,  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.     See  Ellis. 

Tra'cy,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wa- 
bash River,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Tracy,  a  post-oflBce  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Albia  and  Knoxville,  19  miles  N.W.of  Albia. 

Tracy,  a  post-office  of  Barren  co.,  Ky. 

Tracy,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Wi- 
nona &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  91  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter,  It  has 
a  money-order  post-office  and  2  churches.     P.  in  1880,  322. 

Tracy,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 

Tracy  City,  a  mining  post-village  of  Grundy  co., 
Tenn.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chattanooga,  which  is  80 
miles  distant  by  railroad.  It  is  on  a  railroad  which  is  23 
miles  long  and  connects  at  Cowan  with  the  Nashville  & 
Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  has  valuable  coal-mines,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  churches,  and  a  foundry.  Here  are  numer- 
ous coke-ovens,  and  the  machine-shops  and  car-shops  of  the 
Tennessee  Coal  &,  Railroad  Co.,  who  employ  about  500  men. 

Tracy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vestal  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Binghamton. 

Tracy's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Tracy  Station,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  La 
Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago 
division),  62  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  12  miles  S.  of  La 
Porte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tradate,  tri-di'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  2579. 

Trade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn.,  40  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Abingdon,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Trade  City,  a  post-village  in  North  Mahoning  town- 
ship, Indiana  co..  Pa.,  22  miles  N.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Trade  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnett  co.,  Wis.,  on 
an  expansion  of  Trade  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Rush  City, 
Minn.     Pop.  of  township,  434. 

Trader  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Fayette  co..  Pa. 

Trade  River,  a  post-office  of  Burnett  co..  Wis. 

Traders  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Charlton  co., 
6a.,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Bruns- 
wick.    It  has  2  churches. 

Trader's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  from  New  Augusta  Station,  and  about  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Trader's  Point,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  City,  St. 
Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  on  the  Missouri  River, 
6i  miles  S.  of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

Tra'dersvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  about 
28  miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Tradesville,  tradz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Edgecombe  co., 
N.C.,  8  miles  from  Tarborough. 

TradetOAVn,  a  maritime  settlement  of  Liberia,  in  West 
Africa,  near  the  central  point  of  the  coast-line. 

Tradewater,  Kentucky.     See  DAWSO>f. 

Tradewater  (trad'w4H§r)  River,  Kentucky,  drains 
parts  of  Caldwell  and  Hopkins  cos.,  runs  northwestward, 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Crittenden  and  Union 
cos.  until  it  enters  the  Ohio  River. 

Trading  Post,  Kansas.    See  Blooming  Grove. 

Tradok,  a  village,  island  of  Borneo.   See  Montradok. 

Traer,  trair,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Tama 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  AV.  of  Vinton.  It 
has  2  banking-offices,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  1200. 

Traetto,  Italy.    See  Trajetto. 

Trafalgar,  Spain.    See  Cape  Trafalgar. 

Trafalgar,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    See  Liberty. 

Trafalgar',  or  Post'ville,  a  post-village  in  Halton 
30.,  Ontario,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Oakville.     Pop.  100. 

Traghan,  tr&^g&n',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  40 
miles  E.  of  Moorzook. 


Tragurium,  the  ancient  name  of  Trau. 

Trahiras,  tr&-ee'r&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Ooyaz, 
on  the  river  Trahiras,  15  miles  from  its  confluence  with  tfa« 
Maranhao. 

Traignera,  tri-g4'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Castellon  de 
la  Plana,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Benicarlo.     Pop.  2154. 

Traill,  trale,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Da- 
kota, is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
It  is  nearly  all  prairie.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Great  Northern  Railway.  Capital,  Caledonia.  Pop.  in 
1880,  4123;  in  1890,  10,217. 

Trail  Ridge,  a  station  in  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Fernandina  and  Gainesville,  34  miles  S.W. 
of  Jacksonville. 

Trail  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  29  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Barnesville.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Traiskirchen,  tris'kggRK^^n,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1506. 

Trai'tor's  (orVerrader's,  fer-ri'd^rs)  Island,  one 
of  the  Navigators'  group,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  15°  57'  8. ; 
Ion.  173°  58'  W.  It  has  an  elevated  surface  and  a  fertile 
soil,  and  appears  to  bo  densely  peopled. 

Trajan,  tri'yin',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Osma,  23 
miles  S.  of  Loftscha. 

Trajanopolis,  European  Turkey.     See  Orikhota. 

Trajanus  Portus.    See  Civita  Vecchia. 

Trfuectum  ad  Mosam.    See  Maestricht. 

Trajectum  ad  Rhenum.    See  Utrecht. 

Trajectum  Francoram.    See  Frankfort. 

Triyetto,  tri-yfit'to,  or  Traetto,  tri^fit'to,  a  town  of 
Italy,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta,  with  6  churches.     Pop.  4093. 

Tralee,  tri-lee',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Kerry,  on  the  Lee,  about  1  mile  above  the  head 
of  Tralee  Bay,  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cork.  Pop.  9506.  It 
is  regularly  and  well  built,  lighted  and  cleaned,  and  is  a 
rapidly-increasing  and  thriving  town.  The  principal  pub- 
lic edifices  are  a  handsome  church,  2  large  chapels,  a  nun- 
nery with  a  female  school,  several  other  schools,  a  county 
court-house,  a  hospital,  lunatic  asylum,  infirmary,  jail,  bar- 
racks, workhouse,  club-house,  news-room,  custom-house, 
and  market-house.  The  port  is  the  seat  of  a  brisk  trade 
in  grain  and  flour.  Vessels  of  300  tons  can  discharge  at 
the  town  by  means  of  a  ship-canal ;  large  vessels  anchor  at 
Blennerville,  1  mile  below,  and  at  Samphire  Islands,  6 
miles  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  county  assizes  and  quarter 
sessions,  and  the  head  of  a  poor-law  union.  The  borough 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In  the 
vicinity  is  also  a  spa,  a  good  deal  resorted  to  by  invalids. 

Tralee  Bay,  in  Ireland,  immediately  S.  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Shannon,  15  miles  in  length,  and  7  miles  in  breadth, 

Tramaye,  tr&^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et- 
Loire,  11  miles  W.  of  Ma.con.     Pop.  1028. 

Tramelan,  tr3,'m§h-lin\  or  Tremlingen,  trSm'- 
ling-§n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  near  the  source  of  the  Birse.  It  con- 
sists of  Upper  and  Lower  Tramelan,  and  has  manufactures 
of  clocks,  and  particularly  of  a  kind  of  horse-hair  plait, 
much  used  by  the  female  peasantry  of  the  canton  in  their 
head-dress.     Pop.  3289. 

Tram'mel  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Tram'mel's  Creek  rises  by  several  branches  in  Sum- 
ner CO.,  Tenn.,  runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Big  Barren 
River  in  Kentucky,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Tramonti,  tri-mon'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
7  miles  W.  of  Salerno.  It  consists  of  several  scattered 
hamlets,  and  contains  14  churches,  a  monastery  and  nun- 
nery, and  several  charitable  establishments.  Much  char- 
coal is  prepared  here  for  the  supply  of  Naples.     Pop,  4823. 

Traniore',  a  town  and  bathing-place  of  Ireland,  co, 
and  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  A7aterford,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Tr»- 
more  Bay.     Pop.  2011. 

Tramutola,  trfl,-moo'to-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  is  Basil! 
cata,  23  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3804. 

Tran,  trin,  Tranhac,  trin"hS,k',  and  Tranhang, 
tr&n'hing',  towns  of  Anam,  in  Tonquin,  near  the  Chinese 
frontier. 

Trancoso,  trin-ko'so,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  2551. 

Trancoso,  tr&n-ko'so,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Porto  Segaro. 

Tran'ent',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.'of  Haddington,  on 
the  North  British  Railway,  9i  miles  E.  of  Edinburgh,  and 
near  the  Firth  of  Forth,     Pop.  2306. 

Trani,  tr&'nee  (ano.  Ture'num  or  Tranium  f),  a  seaport 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic,  25  milefl 
W.N.W.  of  Bari.    Lat.  41«  17'  N.;  Ion,  16»  26'  B.    Pop. 


TRA 


2642 


TRA 


24,026.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fosse  and  a  wall,  and  is  en- 
tered by  3  gates.  The  houses  are  tolerably  well  built,  but 
the  streets,  with  some  exceptions,  are  narrow,  winding, 
and  badly  paved.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral 
and  the  castle.  There  are,  besides,  20  parish  churches,  a 
diocesan  seminary,  a  theatre,  and  a  female  orphan  asylum. 
The  harbor,  which  is  almost  encircled  by  the  town,  once 
contained  great  depth  of  water,  but  has  so  much  silted  up 
that  small  vessels  only  can  enter.  It  has  considerable  trade 
in  oil,  silk,  wine,  fruit,  Ac.  Trani  sufi'ers  much  from  ex- 
cessive summer  heats.  Cotton  is  grown  in  the  district,  and 
partly  manufactured  into  coarse  goods.  The  town  is  an 
archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a  superior  civil  court. 

Tran'mere,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  form- 
ing a  S.  suburb  of  Birkenhead.     Pop.  16,143. 

Tranque^  tr&n'ki,,  an  island  of  South  America,  forming 
the  entrance  to  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Chiloe. 
A  range  of  hills,  nowhere  exceeding  300  feet  in  height,  runs 
through  it  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  The  inhabitants  appear  to 
be  few  in  number. 

Tranquebar,  tran-kwe-bar',  a  seaport  town  of  India, 
on  the  Coromandel  coast,  in  the  delta  of  the  Cavery,  140 
miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  11°  N.;  Ion.  81°  54'  E.  It 
stands  between  two  arms  of  the  river  Cavery,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  ramparts  facea  with  masonry,  and  having  at 
the  S.E.  angle  the  castle  of  Dansborg,  with  a  light-house 
and  the  government  offices.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  the 
houses  being  of  European  architecture.  There  are  Prot- 
estant churches,  a  Portuguese  chapel,  and  Danish,  English, 
and  Portuguese  schools.  The  temperature  commonly  ranges 
between  70°  and  100°  Fahr.,  but  the  heat  is  moderated  by 
sea-breezes.  Some  manufactures  of  coarse  cottons  and 
handkerchiefs,  oil,  soap,  leather,  and  salt  are  carried  on. 
Tranquebar  belonged  to  Denmark  till  1846,  when  it  was 
ceded  by  purchase  to  England.    Pop,  about  10,000. 

Tran^quil'la,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  about  22 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Macon. 

Tranquillity,  a  post-office  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Numa. 

Tranquillity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Greene  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Andover.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  saw-mill. 

Tranquillity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Transbaikalia,  trans^bi-ki'le-a  (Russ.  Zahaikals- 
kaiya,  zi-bi-kS,ls-ki'y&),  a  government  of  Russia,  in  East- 
ern Siberia,  having  Lake  Baikal  on  the  N.W.  and  Chinese 
Mongolia  on  the  S.  Area,  240,770  square  miles.  It  is  rich 
in  mineral  and  pastoral  resources.  Chief  town,  Troitzkos- 
savsk.     Pop.  430,780. 

Trauscas'pian  Territories,  a  district  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  bounded  W.  by  the  Caspian,  S.  by  Persia,  and  E.  by 
Khiva.  Its  E.  angle  reaches  the  Aral  Sea.  It  is  mostly  a 
desert  steppe,  inhabited  by  Toorkomans.  Area,  125,795 
square  miles.     Pop.  275,000. 

Transcaucasia,  trans-kaw-ka'she-^,  properly  that 
part  of  the  Russian  lieutenancy  of  the  Caucasus  which  lies 
on  the  S.  or  Asiatic  side  of  the  main  range  of  Caucasus. 
It  includes  the  districts  and  governments  of  Chernomorsk, 
Sookhoom,  Kootais,  Tiflis,  Sakatal,  Erivan,  Yelisavetpol, 
Bakoo,  and  Daghestan,  though  Daghestan  and  a  part  of 
Bakoo  are  on  the  Ciscaucasian  side  of  the  range,  and  to  the 
above  may  be  added  the  district  of  Kars,  conquered  from 
Turkey  in  1877.  Area,  91,384  square  miles.  Capital, 
Tiflis.     Pop.  3,995,414. 

Trans'ier,  a  station  in  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Keokuk  &,  Des  Moines  Railroad  and  the  Central  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Transfer,  a  station  in  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of 
Council  BluflFs. 

Transfer,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pymatuning  township, 
Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad  and  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sharon,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Greenville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Tran'sit,  post- township,  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  442. 

Transit,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  12  miles  N. 
of  Cincinnati. 

Transit  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Belvidere,  and  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Tran'sitville,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Tippecanoe   oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash   Railroad,   8   miles 
E.N  B.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  205. 
1  ransleithania,  trans-li-t&'ne-a  (so  named  because 


the  river  Leytha  forms  a  part  of  its  W.  boundary),  a  name 
applied  to  that  part  of  Austro-Hungary  which  is  under 
regal  and  not  imperial  government.  It  comprises  the 
kingdom  of  Hungary  (with  Transylvania),  the  united 
kingdom  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  and  the  military  frontier. 

Transoxiana,  Central  Asia.     See  Bokhaua. 

Trans'padane  Republic,  a  state  formed  in  Italy  by 
Napoleon  in  1796  of  part  of  Lombardy  and  Venetia.  In 
1797  it  was  incorporated  with  the  Cisalpine  Republic. 

Transvaal,  trans-v&l',  a  country  of  South  Africa, 
formed  an  independent  republic  from  1840  to  1877,  when 
it  was  annexed  to  the  Cape  Colony.  In  1880  the  Boers 
took  up  arms,  and  in  1881  the  British  government  conceded 
complete  autonomy  to  the  settlers.  The  name  was  subse- 
quently changed  to  the  South  African  Reoublio.  Area, 
113,642  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  region,  bounded  S.  by 
the  Vaal  River,  N.  by  the  Limpopo,  and  E.  by  Zululand, 
from  which  it  is  in  part  separated  by  the  Drakenberg 
Mountains.  It  is  peopled  mainly  by  native  Africans  and 
by  the  Boers,  a  people  of  Dutch  descent  and  language. 
The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the  country  is  rich  in  min- 
erals. Capital,  Pretoria.  Pop.,  according  to  the  imperfect 
census  of  1890,  119,128  whites  and  about  650,000  natives. 

Transylvania,  tran-sil-va'ne-a  (Ger.  Siebenbilrgen, 
see'b^n-bilRG^f n,  the  "  seven  towns" ;  Hun.  ErdSly  Or- 
8zdg,  dR^dail'  OR^s&g' ;  Fr.  Transylvanie,  tr5No'slrv8,^nee'), 
a  grand  principality  and  formerly  a  separate  crown-land 
and  grand  duchy  attached  to  the  Hungarian  crown,  into 
which  it  was  fully  merged  in  1878,  and  now  forms  the 
S.E.  portion  of  the  empire  of  Austria-Hungary,  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  Hungary  proper,  S.  and  E,  by  Roumania, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Carpathian  Mountains, 
and  N.E.  by  the  Bukowina,  Lat,  45°  12'  to  47°  43'  N.  ; 
Ion.  22°  15'  to  26°  20'  E.  Greatest  length,  from  E.  to  W., 
194  miles;  greatest  breadth,  165  miles.  Area,  21,159 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  very  much  diversified,  but 
generally  mountainous;  the  Carpathian  chain  not  only 
covers  its  S.  and  E.  frontier,  but  sends  out  numerous  rami- 
fications, the  most  important  of  which,  proceeding  from  E. 
to  W.,  give  more  or  less  of  that  direction  to  its  principal 
streams.  The  culminating  points  of  the  mountains  are 
situated  near  the  S.  frontier.  The  whole  surface  belongs  to 
the  basin  of  the  Danube,  which  receives  a  great  part  of  its 
waters,  but  a  little  to  the  N.  of  the  centre  a  branch  of  the 
Carpathians  stretches  across  it  from  E.  to  W.,  and  forms  a 
secondary  water-shed.  All  the  country  S.  of  it  is  drained 
by  rivers  which  have  a  S.W.  or  W.S.W.  direction  and  thus 
reach  the  Danube  without  many  windings."  The  chief  of 
these  are  the  Aloota  and  the  Maros,  with  its  tributaries 
the  Great  and  Little  Kokel.  But  to  the  N.  of  the  above 
water-shed  the  rivers,  being  barred  by  it,  take  first  a  W. 
and  then  a  N.  direction  towards  the  Theiss,  and  hence  the 
waters  of  the  N.  part  of  Transylvania  do  not  reach  the 
Danube  before  they  have  made  the  circuit  of  a  great  part 
of  Hungary.  The  principal  rivers  by  which  the  drainage 
is  thus  efi"ected  are  the  Szamos,  by  far  the  largest,  the 
Kraszna,  and  the  Korot. 

The  climate  is  very  much  modified  by  the  diversity  of 
surface,  the  higher  districts  having  a  severe  winter,  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  summer  heat  of  the  lower  grounds 
is  at  times  extreme.  But,  on  the  whole,  the  air  is  healthy, 
the  sky  clear,  and  the  temperature  well  adapted  to  bring 
all  the  more  valuable  plants  of  Central  Europe  to  maturity. 

In  some  of  the  loftier  districts  which  almost  border  on 
the  limits  of  perpetual  snow,  vegetation  is  confined  within 
very  narrow  limits ;  but  the  lower  altitudes  are  clothed  with 
forests  which  furnish  valuable  timber.  In  all  quarters 
apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  apricots,  and  peaches  are  to 
be  had  in  abundance,  and  the  culture  of  the  vine  is  gen- 
eral. Notwithstanding  the  general  ruggedness  of  the  sur- 
face, there  are  many  wide  valleys  and  extensive  plains 
admirably  adapted  to  agriculture,  and  on  these,  in  conse- 
quence of  their  natural  fertility,  rich  harvests  are  reaped. 
The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  buckwheat, 
maize,  pulse,  potatoes,  fruits,  tobacco,  flax,  hemp,  safi"ron, 
and  wine.  The  rearing  of  horses,  sheep,  and  other  live 
stock  is  important.  In  the  Szekler  country  is  a  breed  of 
hardy  ponies,  and  the  horses  elsewhere  have  been  much 
improved.  Bufi"aloes  are  used  for  field-labor;  the  bear, 
wolf,  and  an  abundance  of  game  roam  in  the  forests,  in 
which  also  great  numbers  of  hogs  are  fed.  The  rivers  are 
remarkably  well  supplied  with  fish.  Bees  are  very  numerous 
in  a  wild  state,  yielding  large  quantities  of  honey  and  wax. 
The  most  remarkable  mineral  product  is  rock  salt,  a  bed 
of  which  extends  from  Wallachia  through  Transylvania  to 
Galicia,  covering  a  space  of  570  miles  in  length  and  from 
60  to  80  miles  in  breadth.     There  are,  besides,  many  salt 


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gprings.  Gold,  silver,  iron,  lead,  copper,  antimony,  arsenic, 
mercury,  alum,  sulphur,  nitre,  and  marble  are  among  the 
chief  mineral  products.  Crystals  and  fine  pebbles,  in- 
cluding garnets,  chrysolites,  amethysts,  chalcedonies,  agates, 
carnelians,  and  jaspers,  are  found.  The  manufactures, 
chiefly  in  the  hands  of  the  German  inhabitants,  consist 
principally  of  woollen  cloth,  flannel,  and  linen.  Other 
manufactures,  besides  those  connected  with  the  working  of 
the  various  metals  and  minerals,  are  paper,  gunpowder, 
leather,  porcelain-  and  earthen-ware,  glass-,  iron-,  and  cop- 
per-ware, furniture,  and  a  great  variety  of  articles  in  wood. 

The  trade  is  in  a  great  measure  confined  to  the  natural 
produce  of  the  country.  The  most  important  exports  are 
salt,  corn,  cattle,  horses,  wax,  honey,  tobacco,  wood,  wool, 
swine,  hides,  skins,  iron,  and  antimony.  The  imports,  in- 
troduced chiefly  by  native  merchants,  consist  of  all  kinds 
of  manufactures,  tissues,  millinery,  colonial  produce,  hats, 
glass,  &c.  The  transit  and  commission  trade  is  carried  on 
by  Armenians  and  Greeks.  The  Maros  and  Szamos  Rivers 
serve  as  the  chief  routes  for  the  conveyance  of  goods.  The 
principal  towns  are  connected  by  railways. 

No  country  in  the  world  has  within  so  small  a  compass 
BO  great  a  variety  of  inhabitants.  These  comprise  14  dis- 
tinct races,  of  which  the  principal  are  Hungarians,  Szeklers, 
and  Saxons;  others  are  Wallachians,  German  colonists, 
Bulgarians,  Armenians,  Greeks,  Russians,  Poles,  Jews, 
Gypsies,  and  Moravians.  Arranged  according  to  the  forms 
of  religion  which  they  profess,  there  are  Non-united  Greeks, 
United  Greeks,  Calvinists,  Lutherans,  and  Unitarians.  The 
peasantry  generally,  especially  those  of  the  Greek  church, 
are  more  depressed  and  ignorant  than  those  of  Hungary, 
except  in  the  Saxonland  in  the  S,  The  old  constitution 
of  Transylvania,  aiming  at  the  preservation  of  the  ancient 
customs  and  rights  of  the  principal  races  of  the  people,  had 
a  peculiarly  complicated  character.  The  chief  old  terri- 
torial division  was  into  the  land  of  the  Hungarians,  the 
land  of  the  Szeklers,  and  the  land  of  the  Saxons ;  but  since 
1876  the  whole  country  has  been  divided  into  counties  on 
the  Hungarian  model. 

Transylvania  was  known  to  the  Romans  under  the  name 
of  Dacia  Conaularis  Mediterranea,  and  was  conquered  by 
Trajan,  who  established  a  colony  in  it.  Its  name  of  Tran- 
sylvania is  from  the  Latin  words  trant  »ylva«,  and  was 
probably  given  it  by  the  people  who  lived  beyond  its  W. 
frontiers,  and  to  whom  it  was  rendered  almost  inaccessible 
by  dense  forests.  Its  German  name  of  Siebenblirgen,  or 
Seven  Towns,  is  derived  from  its  seven  walled  towns,  which 
are  supposed  to  have  been  originally  built,  and  are  still 
chiefly  occupied,  by  Saxons.  The  Hungarian  name  Erdely 
is  a  derivative  of  and  is  equivalent  to  Woodland.  After 
the  fall  of  the  Roman  Empire  the  country  was  occupied 
successively  by  Goths,  Huns,  Alans,  Slaves,  Avars,  and 
Hungarians.  The  last  long  retained  possession  of  it  and 
governed  it.  It  has  formed  part  of  the  Austrian  dominions 
since  1699,  and,  from  its  proximity  to  Turkey  and  internal 
dissensions,  its  tranquillity  has  been  repeatedly  disturbed, 
but  it  has  made  considerable  advances  in  population,  civil- 
ization, and  general  prosperity.  The  country  in  1848  and 
1849  was  the  seat  of  protracted  warfare.     Pop.  in  1870, 

2,101,727;  in  1880,  2,084,048;  in  1890,  2,247,049. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Tbansvlvanian,  tran-sil-vi'ne-an.     See  Hun- 

«ART. 

Transylvania,  tran-sil-va'ne-a,  a  county  in  the  W. 
part  of  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  335  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  French  Broad  River.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  southern 
part  of  this  county  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  Maize, 
grass,  pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Brevard.    Pop.  in  1870,  3536 ;  in  1880,  5340 ;  in  1890,  5881. 

Transylvania,  a  landing  of  East  Carroll  parish,  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  40  miles  above  Vicksburg. 

Tran'ter's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  nearly  south- 
ward in  Pitt  CO.,  and  enters  the  Tar  River  about  3  miles 
above  Washington. 

Trapani,  tr&'p&-ne  (anc.  Drep'anum  ;  Gr.  Apewoi-oi'),  a 
fortified  seaport  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island, 
46  miles  W.  of  Palermo.  Lat.  38°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  31'  E. 
It  has  a  castle,  senatorial  palace,  cathedral,  and  several 
convents,  2  hospitals,  a  college,  and  2  seminaries.  The 
harbor  is  good,  and  defended  by  2  forts,  one  on  the  main- 
land and  another  on  the  island  of  Columbara,  on  which  also 
a  light-house  has  been  erected.  The  trade  is  considerable. 
The  exports  comprise  salt,  coral,  soda,  alabaster  vases, 
statues,  and  gems.  The  principal  manufactures  are  shell- 
work,  and  articles  in  coral,  ivory,  and  alabaster.  The  tunny- 
flshery  is  actively  carried  on.     Trapani,  being  the  capi- 


tal of  the  province,  is  the  residence  of  its  chief  authorities, 
and  the  seat  of  a  high  criminal  and  civil  court.  A  short 
distance  E.N.E.  of  the  town  is  Monte  San  Giuliano,  the 
ancient  Eryx,  one  of  the  loftiest  in  Sicily.  Pop.  32,020. 
The  ancient  town  was  early  occupied  by  the  Carthaginians, 
and  was  the  scene  of  a  celebrated  sea-fight  (b.c.  237)  be- 
tween the  Roman  and  Carthaginian  fleets.  The  name  Dre 
panum  signifies  a  "  sickle,"  and  was  given  in  allusion  to  the 
shape  of  the  tongue  of  land  on  which  the  town  is  built. 

Trapano,  Roumelia.     See  Cape  Drepano. 

Trapezus,  or  Trapeznnt.    See  Trebizoxd. 

Trap  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  in  Tr*,» 
Hill  township,  50  miles  N.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2000. 

Trap  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  24  miles 
W.  of  Quinnimont.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Coal  River 
Marshes  Post-Ofiice. 

Trapp,  a  post-ofiice  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

Trapp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  co..  Wis., 9  miles  N. 
of  AVausau.     It  has  a  large  saw-mill. 

Trappe,  trap,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  8  or  9 
miles  S.  of  Easton,  and  about  8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  272. 

Trappe,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Providence  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norristown,  and 
about  2  miles  from  Collegeville  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  collegiate  institute,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Trap'per's  Grove,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Dawson  co..  Neb. 

Trarbach,  traR'biK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  38 
miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1794. 

Trasen,  tri'z^n,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria,  descends 
from  the  N.  slope  of  the  Trasenberg,  near  the  frontiers  of 
Styria,  and  joins  the  Danube  after  a  very  circuitous  course 
of  nearly  55  miles. 

Trasenhofen,  Austria.    See  Drasenhofen. 

Trasimenus  Lacus,  or  Trasimeno  Lago.  See 
Lake  op  Perdgia. 

Trask,  a  post-oflBce  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Missis- 
sinewa  River. 

Trask'ville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  the 
city  of  Fitchburg. 

Trask'wood,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tras  -  OS  -  Montes,  tr4s-oce-mon't&  ("beyond  the 
mountains"),  a  province  of  Portugal,  in  the  N.,  having  N 
and  E.  Spain,  S.  the  province  of  Beira,  and  W.  Minho< 
Area,  4289  square  miles.  Pop.  374,837.  The  Douro  forms 
all  its  S.  and  most  of  its  E.  border;  the  other  principal 
rivers  are  its  affluents  the  Tamega  and  Sabor.  Surface 
mostly  mountainous,  but  it  contains  many  fertile  valleys, 
and  the  banks  of  the  Douro  are  famous  for  the  production 
of  port  wines.  Cattle-rearing  is  important.  Silk  and  wool- 
len fabrics,  and  linen  thread,  are  the  chief  manufactured 
products.  Principal  towns,  Bragan^a,  Villareal,  Torre  de 
Moncorvo,  and  Miranda-do-Douro. 

Trassilico,  tris-see'lo-ko  (L.  Trans  Silicum),  a  town 
of  Italy,  near  Massa,  in  Massa  e  Carrara.     Pop.  2292. 

Trau,  tr6w  (anc.  Tragu'rium),  a  seaport  town  of  Dal- 
matia,  10  miles  W.  of  Spalato,  on  an  islet  in  the  Adriatic, 
between  the  island  of  Bua  and  the  mainland,  and  con- 
nected with  both  by  bridges.  Pop.  4650,  who  cultivate  the 
vine,  olives,  and  figs. 

Traun,  trSwn,  a  river  of  Upper  Austria,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  100  miles,  joins  the  Danube  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lintz. 
It  flows  through  the  small  lakes  of  Hallstadt  and  Trann. 
It  is  celebrated  for  its  trout.  The  lake  of  Traun,  or  GMtJN- 
DEN  See,  g'miind'^n  &k,  an  expansion  of  the  river  Traun, 
is  8  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad. 

Traunstein,  trdwn'stine,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  19 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  3972. 

Traunsteiuberg,  trfiwn-stin'bfiRG^  a  mountain  in 
Austria,  on  the  fi.  side  of  Lake  Traun,  is  5470  feet  high. 

Trautenau,  trow't§h-n6w\  written  also  Trutnow, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Roniggritz,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Aupa.  Pop.  8297.  It  is  the  centre  of 
the  linen-manufacture  of  the  Riesen-Gebirge. 

Travagliato,  tr&-v&l-y&'to,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  W.S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3002. 

Travancore,  trav^an-k5r',  a  state  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  India,  tributary  to  the  British,  having  W.  and  S.  the 
Indian  Ocean,  and  landward  the  Madras  districts,  Malabar, 
Coimbatoor,  Madura,  and  Tinnevelly.  Area,  6730  square 
miles.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  E. ;  elsewhere  varied 
with  hill  and  dale,  and  well  watered.  The  products  corn- 
price  rice,  almonds,  cardamoms,  pepper,  and  other  spices, 
betel-  and  cocoa-nuts,  tobacco,  ivory,  and  beeswax      Prop- 


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,rty  of  all  kinds,  as  in  Canara,  descends  in  the  female  line. 
The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Hindoos,  but  there  are  estimated 
to  be  100,000  Syrian  Christians,  and  in  some  communes 
Christian  churches  are  much  more  numerous  than  pagodas 
and  mosques.  Principal  towns,  Trivandrum  (the  capital), 
Anjenga,  and  Quilon.     Pop.  2,311,379. 

Travancore,  a  town  of  the  above  state,  50  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cape  Comorin,  but  now  in  decay. 

Trave,  tri'v§h  (anc.  Chalusits  ?),  a  river  of  North  Grer- 
many,  in  Prussia  and  Lubeck,  flows  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Lubeck  (Baltic)  at  Travemiinde,  fonning  the  lagoon  Bin- 
nen-See.    Total  course,  50  miles. 

Trav'eller's  Re^pose',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Greenbrier  River. 

Traveller's  Rest,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Montgomery. 

Traveller's  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owsley  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Boonville. 

Traveller's  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co., 
S.C,  10  miles  N.  of  Greenville  Court-House. 

Travemiinde,  tri'v^h-miinM^h  (i.e.,  "  Travemouth"), 
a  fortified  town  of  North  Germany,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Trave  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Lubeck.    Pop.  1719. 

Travers,  triVaiu',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Neufchatel.  Pop.  1881.  The  Val-Travers,  in 
which  it  stands,  is  highly  picturesque. 

Traverse,  trav'^rss,  a  county  in  the  "W.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, bordering  on  the  Dakotas.  Area,  about  552  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Traverse  and  the 
river  Bois  de  Sioux,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Mustinka 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Timber  is  scarce  here.  The  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad 
touches  the  N.E.  corner  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  13 ; 
in  1880,  1507;  in  1890,  4516. 

Traverse,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  oo.,  Mioh. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2679;  in  1890,  4833. 

Traverse,  a  township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  670. 

Traverse  Bay.    See  Grand  Tuaversb  Bay. 

Traverse  City,  a  summer  resort  and  the  capital  of 
Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  is  situated  in  Traverse  township, 
at  the  S.  end  and  head  of  the  W.  arm  of  Grand  Traverse 
Bay,  144  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  45  miles 
N.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Rail- 
road. It  contains  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  5 
churches,  a  foundry,  2  large  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
a  planing-mill.  Lumber  is  its  chief  article  of  export. 
Steamboats  ply  between  this  port  and  the  ports  on  Lake 
Michigan.     Pop.  in  1880,  1897;  in  1890,  4353. 

Traverse  Isles,  several  small  islets  in  the  river  Ot- 
tawa, between  Black  Bay  and  Plantagenet. 

Traverse,  Lake,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
South  Dakota  and  Minnesota.  It  washes  the  W.  border  of 
Traverse  co.,  Minn.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long  and  3  miles 
wide.  Its  outlet  is  the  Sioux  Wood  (or  Bois  de  Sioux) 
River,  which  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  The  sur- 
face of  this  lake  is  about  960  feet  higher  than  the  sea. 

Traverse,  Lake,  Minnesota,  an  expansion  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  12  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lake  Cass.  Its  surface  is  1456  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     It  is  also  called  Pemidji  Lake. 

Traverse  Road,  a  station  in  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Trav'is,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1040  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Colorado  River,  which  runs  southeastward,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Union  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  partly  intersected 
by  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  and  is 
ionnected  with  Houston  by  the  Western  division  of  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Austin,  which 
is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,153 ;  in 
1880,  27,028;  in  1890,  37,019. 

Travis,  a  hamlet  in  Harrison  township,  Wells  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Travis,  Michigan,  is  a  station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A 
Indiana  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Travis  (post-office,  Kenney),  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin 
00.,  Tex.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Brenbam.    It  has  4  churches. 

Travis  Peak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Leander. 

Trav'isville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickett  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
Wolf  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Byrdstown. 


Travuik,  triv^nik'  or  triv^neek',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  oa 
an  affluent  of  the  Bosna  River,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Bosna- 
Serai.  Pop.  12,000,  all  Mohammedans,  except  a  few  Jews. 
The  town  is  ill  built.  Chief  edifice,  an  old  citadel.  It  has 
a  manufacture  of  sword-blades. 

Traylorsville,  tra'lorz-vil,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of 
Henry  co.,  Va.,  40  miles  W.  of  Danville. 

Trazegnies,  tri^zfin^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Hainaut,  19i  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Mons.  The  castle 
of  Trazegnies,  in  the  vicinity,  is  a  noble  structure  of  the 
ninth  century.     Pop.  2010. 

Treadha'ven  Creek,  in  the  E.  part  of  Maryland, 
flows  through  Talbot  co.,  and  communicates  with  the  mouth 
or  estuary  of  the  Choptank  River.  It  is  navigable  at  high 
tide  to  Easton,  about  12  miles. 

Tread  well,  tred'w^l,  a  post- village  in  Prescott  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  15  miles  W.  of  L'Orignal. 

Treasure  (trfizh'iir)  City,  a  mining  village  of  White 
Pine  CO.,  Nev..  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  and  near 
the  summit  of  Treasure  Hill,  at  an  elevation  of  about  9000 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     Here  is  a  rich  silver-mine. 

Treasury  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Elk  Range,  in  lat.  39°  1'  N.,  Ion.  107°  6'  W.  Its  altitude 
is  13,200  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Treaty,  treet'^,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Wabash.  It  has  a  store,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  warehouse. 

Treaty  (or  Petty's)  Island,  an  island  in  the  Dela- 
ware River,  opposite  Philadelphia,  belonging  to  New  Jer- 
sey.    Length,  about  2  miles. 

Trebbin,  trfib-been',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Berlin  A  Leipsio 
Railway.     Pop.  2175. 

Trebein's,  tre-binz',  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  0. 

Tribes,  trfib  or  trib,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  4 
miles  E.  of  Carcassonne,  on  the  river  Aude.     Pop.  1400. 

Trebia,  tri'be-A,  or  Trebbia,  tr4b'b4-i,  a  river  of 
North  Italy,  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Apennines,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Genoa,  flows  N.N.E.  past  Bobbio,  and,  after  a  rapid 
course  of  55  miles,  joins  the  Po  on  the  right  bank,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Piacenza.  On  the  adjacent  plain,  Hannibal  de- 
feated the  Romans  B.c.  218,  and  on  June  19,  1799,  the 
French,  under  Macdonald,  were  defeated  by  the  Austro- 
Russian  army  under  Suwarow. 

Trebigne,  tri,-been'y4,  or  Trebiiye,  trA-bin'yi,  a 
fortified  town  of  Herzegovina,  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mostar. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  stated  to  have 
10,000  inhabitants. 

Trebitsch,  tri'bitch,  written  also  Trzebiczke,  a 
walled  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Iglau,  on  the 
Iglawa.  Pop.  6084.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of 
woollens. 

Trebitsch,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 4  miles  S.W.  of  l3riesen. 

Trebizond,  trdb'e-zond\  written  also  Tarabozan 
(called  by  the  Turks  T'arafcesoon,  ta-rJ.'be-soon' ;  anc.  Trap'e- 
zua ;  Fr.  Trebizonde,  tri^bee^ziNd' ;  Ger.  Trapezunt,  tri- 
pSt-s65nt'),  an  important  fortified  seaport  city  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its  own  name,  on  the  S.E.  coast 
of  the  Black  Sea,  120  miles  N.W.  of  Erzroom.  Lat.  41°  1' 
N. ;  Ion.  39°  46'  E.  It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill  facing 
the  sea,  and  defended  by  a  citadel  on  an  adjacent  height. 
Outside  of  the  walls  are  several  suburbs,  in  which  are  most 
of  the  Christian  dwellings,  with  the  principal  bazaars  and 
khans.  The  houses  are  mostly  of  one  story,  built  of  stone 
and  lime  and  roofed  with  red  tiles.  The  city  has  18  mosques 
and  about  20  Greek  churches,  and  a  fort  on  either  side  of  a 
peninsula  projecting  into  the  Black  Sea;  but  it  possesses 
neither  inns  nor  lodging-houses.  Nearly  all  its  mosques 
have  been  formerly  Christian  places  of  worship. 

The  principal  articles  of  trade  in  the  bazaars  are  alum 
and  copper,  brought  from  the  mines  in  the  interior,  the  cop- 
per being  here  manufactured  into  articles  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. From  its  position,  Trebizond  is  the  natural  entrepOt 
of  the  trade  of  Armenia  and  North  Persia  with  Europe ; 
and,  owing  to  the  establishment  of  steam  navigation  be- 
tween Trebizond  and  Constantinople,  its  trade  has  received 
a  remarkable  extension.  Its  exports  consist  chiefly  of  silk, 
wool,  tobacco,  wax,  galls,  oil,  opium,  and  other  drugs ; 
honey,  butter,  timber  for  ship-building,  the  produce  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  silk  fabrics ;  Cashmere  shawls,  carpets,  saffron, 
cotton,  camel-skins,  and  specie.  The  imports  comprise  cot- 
ton goods,  colonial  produce,  spices,  and  iron  from  Great 
Britain,  hardwares  and  glass  from  Germany,  wines  from 
France,  corn  from  Russia,  fire-arms,  tin,  and  salt,  three- 
fourths  of  all  which  are  destined  for  Persia.    At  this  citv 


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2645 


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I 


Xenophon  and  the  Ten  Thousand  Greeks  reached  the  sea 
In  their  memorable  retreat.  From  1203  until  the  sub- 
version of  the  Eastern  Empire,  Trebizond  was  the  capital 
of  an  independent  dominion,  extending  from  the  Phasis  to 
the  Halys.  Pop.  estimated  at  40,000,  of  whom  about  30,000 
are  Mohammedans  inhabiting  the  walled  city. 

Trebizond,  or  Trebisond,  a  vilayet  of  Turkish 
Armenia,  extending  along  the  coast  of  the  Black  Sea,  be- 
tween lat.  40°  30'  and  41<»  30'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  42°  E. 
The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  and  the  coast-line, 
clothed  with  dense  forests,  rises  to  from  4000  to  5000  feet 
above  the  sea.  Many  tracts  are  highly  fertile  and  well  cul- 
tivated ;  and  it  produces  large  quantities  of  wheat,  barley, 
and  maize,  with  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  wool,  honey,  wax, 
fruits,  charcoal,  and  timber,  which,  with  some  linen  cloths, 
carpets,  leather,  soap,  salted  fish,  wine,  tar,  and  leeches, 
form  the  chief  exports.  Its  E.  part,  called  Lazistan,  is 
destitute  of  towns,  being  inhabited  by  Lazes,  a  rude  people, 
numbering  about  50,000 ;  but  the  greater  part  of  Lazistan 
is  now  included  in  the  Russian  government  of  Kars.  The 
principal  towns  are  Trebizond,  Keresoon,  Tireboli,  and 
Keezah,  all  on  its  coast. 

Trebnitz,  trfib'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  4744.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths  and  linens,  breweries,  and  a  trade  in  fruits. 

TreboAva,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  TKtJBAu. 

Trebtuena,  or  Trebuxena,  tri-boo-Hi'ni,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  26  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cadiz.     Pop.  3078. 

Trebur,  tr4-booR'  (?),  or  Tribnr,  tree-booR'  (?)  (ano. 
Triburium),  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  on 
the  Rhine,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1774. 

Tre-Castagne,  tri-kis-tin'yi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Etna. 
Pop.  2957. 

Trecate,  tri-kl'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Novara,  near  the  Ticino.    It  has  silk-factories.    Pop.  5190. 

Trecchina,  trdk-kee'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata, 
7  miles  S.  of  Lagonegro. 

Trecenta,  tri-chen'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Rovigo,  and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  4710. 

Tred'egar,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Newport ;  it  is  the  capital  of  a  populous  dis- 
trict, famous  for  extensive  coal-mines  and  iron-works.  It 
has  risen  recently  from  an  insignificant  hamlet  to  a  town 
with  a  population  of  17,341.  It  has  a  church,  Independent, 
Baptist,  and  Methodist  chapels  and  schools,  and  its  district 
is  traversed  by  many  branches  of  railway,  by  which,  and  by 
the  Monmouthshire  Canal,  its  iron  and  coal  are  exported. 

Tredyf  frin,  a  township  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  1897. 

Treene,  tri'n^h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  Sleswiok, 
3  miles  S.  of  Flensburg,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Eider 
at  Friedrichstadt.     Total  course,  about  40  miles. 

Trees  Point,  a  post-ofl&ce  of  Charles  City  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Charles  City  Court- House. 

Treffnrt,  trfiffSSRt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  36 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  1865. 

Tref-y-CIawdd,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Knighton. 

Trega'ron,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Cardigan,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Lampeter.     Pop.  1788. 

Tre'go,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Saline  and  Smoky  Hill  Rivers  and  Big  Creek,  all  of  which 
run  eastward.  'The  Saline  River  touches  the  N.W.  and 
N.E.  corners  of  the  county,  and  between  these  points  is 
only  2  or  3  miles  from  the  N.  boundary.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  under- 
laid by  chalk  and  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Wa  Keeney.  Pop. 
in  1870,  166;  in  1880,  2636;  in  1890,  2536. 

Trego,  a  station  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  A7.N.W.  of  Hays  City. 

Treg'oney,  or  Treg'ony,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  on  the  Fal,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Falmouth.  Pop.  745. 

Tr6guier,  tri'ghe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cates-du- 
Nord,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jaudy  and  Guindy,  37  miles 
N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc,  and  5  miles  from  the  English  Chan- 
nel. Pop.  3611.  The  port  is  well  sheltered  and  deep.  It 
has  tanneries  and  oil-mills. 

Treichler,  trik'l^r,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susque- 
hanna Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Treichlersville,  trik'l^rz-vll,  a  village  in  Hereford 
township,  Berks  CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Palm  Station.  It 
has  2  flour-mills  and  2  saw-mills. 

Treider-Aa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Aa. 

Treignac,  trin^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrSze,  on 
the  V6zSre,  18  miles  N.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1772. 


Treis,  trice,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  miles  S.W. 
of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle,  here  joined  by  the  Deim. 

Treisa,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Tretsa. 

Treisam,  tri'sim,  a  river  of  Baden,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Eltz  3  miles  S.  of  Kenzingen. 

Treishnish  (treesh'nish)  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small 
islets  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  between 
the  island  of  Mull  and  the  island  of  Coll. 

Treja,  tri'yi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  8  milea  W.  of 
Macerata.     Pop.  2227  ;  of  commune,  9286. 

Trelawny,  England.    See  Looe. 

Tr61on,  tr4M6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2718. 

Tremad'oc,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  near 
the  N.  extremity  of  Cardigan  Bay,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Crickeith,  and  about  1  mile  from  Portmadoc. 

Tremaine's  (trS-manz')  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
JeS'erson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rodman  township,  7  miles  froo* 
Adams  Centre. 

Tremainsville,  tre-manz'vH,  a  station  in  Lucas  co., 
0.,  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N,  of  Toledo. 

Tremblade,  La,  IS,  tr5M^bl4d',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Charente-Inf^rieure,  5  miles  from  the  sea,  and 
4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Marennes.  It  exports  oysters  to  Bor- 
deaux.    Pop.  2568. 

Trembowla,  trSm-bov'li,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  6506. 

Tremecen,  a  town  of  Algiers.    See  Tlemcen. 

Tr6mentines,  tri^mftNoHeen',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Evre,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Beaupr^au. 

Tremessen,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Trschemesno. 

Tremiti  (trfim'e-te  or  tri'me-te)  Isles  (anc.  Diome'- 
dem  In'aula),  a  group  of  five  islands  in  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
off  the  coast  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia.  Lat.  42°  8'  N. ; 
Ion.  15°  30'  E.  The  largest,  San  Domino,  is  4  miles  in 
circumference.  San  Nicolo,  3  miles  in  circumference,  has 
a  town  with  a  monastery.  The  best  port  is  in  the  island 
of  Caprara. 

Tremles,  trem'lds,  written  also  Tremlitz  and  Stri> 
milow,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  29  miles  S.E.  of 
Tabor.     Pop.  2630. 

Tremley,  trem'le,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  (New  York  <k  Long  Branch  division),  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Elizabethport,  N.J. 

Tremlingen,  a  village  of  Switzerland.  SeeTsAHELAN. 

Treraonia,  a  Latin  name  of  Dortmund. 

Tre^mont',  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Treinont,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  in  Tre- 
mont  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pekin,  and  about  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Peoria.   It  has  5  churches.    Pop.  437 ;  of  township,  1366. 

Tremont,  a  post-village  in  Tremont  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  S.  coast  of 
Mount  Desert  Island,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Castine. 
Tremont  Post-OflBce  is  at  Bass  Harbor.  The  township  pre- 
sents picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1822. 

Tremont,  a  village  in  Wareham  township,  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  and  a  station  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Fairhaven  Branch,  16  miles  N.E.  of  New 
Bedford.  It  has  a  nail-factory.  Here  is  West  Wareham 
Post-Office. 

Tremont,  a  post-ofSce  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss.,  12  milet 
E.  of  Fulton. 

Tremont,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  1106 

Tremont,  a  post-village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
the  City  Hall  at  New  York,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Fordham.  If 
contains  numerous  fine  residences.  Pop.  2025.  Tremont 
Post-OflBce  is  a  branch  of  New  York  Post-OflSce. 

Tremont,  a  post-village  in  Gorman  township,  Clark 
CO.,  0.,  1  mile  W.  of  Tremont  Station,  and  7  miles  N,  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  218.     Here  is  Tremont  City  Post-OflSce. 

Tremont,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  A 
Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  0. 

Tremont,  a  post-borough  in  Tremont  township,  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  A  Tremont  Branch  of  the 
Reading  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mount  Eagle  Branch  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  N.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Pottsville.  It  is  situated  in  a  hilly  region,  which  con- 
tains abundance  of  anthracite  coal.  It  has  a  newspapei 
office,  a  national  bank,  6  churches,  and  some  iron-work» 
Pop.  in  1880,  1785;  in  1890,  2064. 

Tremont,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Tremont,  Jackson  co.,  Wis.    See  Hatfield. 
Tremont,  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Canaan  Road 


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2646 


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Tremont  Valley,  a  post-offioe  of  Calaveras  oo.,  Cal., 
t  miles  from  Milton. 

Tremp,  trfimp,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 

frovinoe  and  38  miles  N.W.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Noguera- 
•allaresa.  Pop.  2189. 
Trempealeau,  tr5m'pa-l5,  a  small  river  of  ■Wiscon- 
sin, rises  in  Jackson  co.,  and  runs  westward  through  Trem- 
pealeau CO.  It  next  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi River  about  5  miles  below  Winona.  It  is  here  bordered 
by  picturesque  scenery  and  bluffs  about  550  feet  high. 

Trempealeau,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  732  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Black  River,  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Mississippi,  and  is  drained  by  the  Trempealeau  River 
and  Buffalo  and  Beaver  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Green  Bay,  Wi- 
nona <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  La  Crosse,  Trempealeau 
&  Prescott  Railroad,  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Whitehall.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,732;  in  1880,  17,189;  in  1890,  18,920. 

Trempealeau,  a  post-village  of  Trempealeau  oo.. 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  on  the  Minnesota  division  of  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Winona,  about  20  miles  above 
La  Crosse,  and  38  miles  W.  of  Sparta.  It  is  the  principal 
market  for  the  products  of  the  county,  which  are  shipped 
here  in  steamboats.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  a  lumber-mill,  a  plough-factory,  a  public  park, 
a  brewery,  Ac.  P.  of  township  in  1880, 1567 ;  in  1890, 1584. 
Trenchara  (trSn-chi'rS,,  or  Trinchera,  trin-chi'ri) 
Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the 
S.  part  of  Colorado,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Garland, 
and  near  lat.  37°  18'  N.     Altitude,  13,546  feet. 

Trenchara  (or  Trinchera)  River,  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  runs  nearly  southwestward 
through  Costilla  co.,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  in  San  Luis 
Park.     It  is  perhaps  75  miles  long. 

Trenholm,  tren'hom,  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  5  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  P.  150. 
Trent,  a  river  of  England,  through  the  centre  of  which 
it  flows,  ranking  in  importance  immediately  after  the 
Thames  and  Severn.  It  rises  in  the  moorlands  of  Stafford- 
shire, near  Burslem,  flows  through  the  cos.  of  Stafford, 
Derby,  Nottingham,  and  Lincoln,  and  joins  the  Ouse  to 
form  the  Humber  about  15  miles  W.  of  Hull.  Length, 
140  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  the  Humber  to  Gains- 
borough for  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden,  and  for  barges  as 
high  as  Burton.  It  is  connected  with  all  the  rivers  of  Cen- 
tral England  by  canals,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Trent 
<fc  Mersey  Canal.  The  Trent  is  of  high  importance  as  a 
means  of  exporting  the  products  of  the  manufacturing  dis- 
tricts, coal  from  Derbyshire,  and  agricultural  produce. 

Trent  (It.  Tren'to;  Ger.  Trient,  tre-flnt' ;  Fr,  Trente, 
triNt;  anc.  Triden' turn),  a  city  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Adige,  13  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Roveredo.  Lat.  46"  8'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  30'  E.  Pop.  17,073. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  leather,  glass,  and  tobacco,  a 
traffic  in  corn,  wine,  iron,  and  other  produce,  and  a  large 
transit  trade.  It  is  surrounded  by  embattled  walls,  which, 
with  its  church-towers,  palaces,  and  ruined  castle,  give  it, 
when  seen  from  a  distance,  a  very  imposing  appearance. 
The  houses  are  all  in  the  Italian  style,  and  the  streets  are 
for  the  most  part  wide  and  commodious.  It  is  traversed 
by  canals,  and  contains  a  handsome  square  with  a  beauti- 
ful marble  fountain,  an  old  Gothic  castle  of  vast  extent  and 
picturesque  appearance,  but  almost  in  ruins,  a  marble 
cathedral  in  the  Byzantine  style,  3  other  churches,  one  of 
which,  Santa  Maria  Maggiore,  a  modernized  building  of 
red  marble,  is  interesting  as  the  place  where  the  Council  of 
Trent  held  its  sittings  (1545-1563),  2  episcopal  palaces,  a 
court-house,  a  town  house,  a  theatre,  elegant  private  pal- 
aces, 3  convents  and  a  nunnery,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary, 
a  high  school  and  a  school  of  design,  a  gymnasium,  an  or- 
phan and  a  foundling  hospital,  an  ordinary  hospital  richly 
endowed,  a  poor-house,  and  a  house  of  correction.  Trent 
is  the  see  of  a  bishop  and  the  seat  of  a  civil,  criminal,  and 
mercantile  court.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  is 
said  by  Pliny  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Rha3tians  of 
Etruria.  It  afterwards  became  a  Roman  colony.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  its  bishops  made  themselves  independent,  and 
sat  in  the  Germanic  diet  as  princes  of  the  empire. 

Trent,  a  small  river  of  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Lenoir 
CO.,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Neuse  at  Newbern. 


Trent,  a  river  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Northumberland,  risM 
in  Trent  Lake,  in  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  78°  W.,  and,  after  a  tor- 
tuous  S.  and  E.  course,  enters  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  Lake  On- 
tario, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Newcastle.    Total  length,  100  miles. 

Trent,  a  post-office  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa,  at  Oralabor  Sta- 
tion on  the  Des  Moines  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
of  Des  Moines. 

Trent,  a  post-hamlet  in  Casenovia  township,  Muskegon 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Crockery  Creek,  4  miles  W.  of  Trent  Station, 
and  20  miles  E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  3  stores. 

Trent,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.     See  Montgomery. 

Trent,  a  township  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  761. 

Trentola,  trAn-to'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Caserta,  proT- 
ince  and  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  2049. 

Tren'ton,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  Paint 
Rock  River,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Huntsville. 

Trenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark.,  3  miles 
from  Poplar  Grove  Station,  and  about  17  miles  W.  of 
Helena.     It  has  3  churches. 

Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chattanooga.  It  is  on  Lookout  Creek,  at  the  E.  ba,se  of 
Lookout  Mountain,  and  has  2  ehurches  and  2  furnaces  for 
pig-iron.     Pop.  about  500. 

Trenton,  a  village  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  W.  of  La  Salle. 

Trenton,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
A  Mississippi  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
17  miles  W.  of  Carlyle.     It  has  6  churches,  a  money-order 

Eost-office,  a  public  school,  and  1  or  2  mills.  Coal  is  mined 
ere.     Pop.  in  1880,  1188;  in  1890,  1384. 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  80. 

Trenton  (Priam  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Blackford 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a 
church. 

Trenton,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    See  Hontsville. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  18 
miles  S.  of  Washington.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Skunk  River.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1457. 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas.    P.  561. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Hopkins- 
ville.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  221. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Ouachita  parish.  La.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  2  or  3  miles  above 
Monroe.  It  has  several  warehouses,  a  steam  flour-mill, 
and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  429. 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.     Pop.  678. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about  25 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Monguagon  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &>  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  and  the  Canada 
Southern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  public  hall,  a  flouring-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  a 
ship-yard,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  handles,  sash, 
blinds,  &o.  Pop.  about  1200.  Trenton  Station  of  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad  is  21  miles  from  Detroit. 

Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo,,  in 
Trenton  township,  on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River, 
and  on  the  Southwestern  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  102  miles  N.E.  of  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  and  about  24  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  large  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  5 
churches,  3  flour-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3312;  in  1890,  5039. 

Trenton,  a  city  of  New  Jersey,  the  capital  of  the  state 
and  of  Mercer  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
head  of  tidewater  and  of  navigation,  about  28  miles  direct, 
41  miles  by  river  (ship-channel),  and  34  miles  by  rail  from 
Philadelphia,  and  57  miles  from  New  York.  Lat.  40°  14' 
N.,  Ion.  74°  46'  30"  W.  Trenton  is  regularly  laid  out,  with 
straight,  broad  streets,  well  paved  with  bricks,  asphalt,  and 
Belgian  blocks,  is  well  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and 
has  over  18  miles  of  sewers.  Portions  of  the  city  are  delight- 
fully shaded.  Twenty-seven  miles  of  street-railways  trav- 
erse the  main  thoroughfares  of  the  city,  mostly  operated  by 
trolley.  The  water  supply  is  of  exceptional  purity  and  the 
death-rate  the  lowest  of  any  city  in  the  state.  The  city  has 
many  handsome  residences,  and  is  an  important  centre  of 
manufactures,  having  a  number  of  establishments  for  work- 
ing iron  and  steel  in  many  different  ways,  the  value  of  the 
annual  production  approximating  $10,000,000.     There  ar« 


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also  woollen-mills,  fire-briok-  and  terra-cotta-works,  rub- 
ber-works, zinc-works,  Ac.  The  leading  industry  is,  how- 
ever, the  manufacture  of  pottery,  of  which  there  is  said  to  be 
more  made  here  than  in  all  the  rest  of  America.  The  total 
number  of  manufacturing  establishments  reported  to  the 
oensus  bureau  in  1890  was  885,  with  an  aggregate  capital 
of  $19,278,041 ;  employing  an  average  number  of  14,984 
hands,  to  whom  were  paid  in  wages  $7,968,894,  Trenton 
already  employs  water-power  from  the  Delaware  to  the 
amount  of  2000  horse-power,  and  the  amount  can  readily 
be  quintupled.  Ample  facilities  for  shipping  the  product 
of  Trenton  industries  to  home  and  foreign  markets  are 
afforded  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  its  branches 
and  connections,  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad 
(Bound  Brook  Branch),  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  West- 
ern Railroad  and  its  branches,  the  Delaware  &  Raritan 
Canal,  and  various  steamboats  to  Philadelphia.  There  are 
two  fine  bridges  across  the  Delaware.  Among  the  public 
buildings  of  Trenton  are  the  state-house,  a  handsome,  com- 
modious building,  the  county  court-house,  the  city  hall, 
state  lunatic  asylum,  penitentiary,  state  arsenal,  state 
normal  school,  United  States  post-office,  Ac,  49  churches, 
a  high  school,  11  or  more  graded  schools,  and  a  number 
of  denominational  and  private  schools,  Ac.  There  are 
charitable  institutions,  asylums,  Ac,  and  several  excel- 
lent libraries.  Four  daily  and  six  weekly  newspapers  and 
one  German  semi-weekly  are  published  here.  The  city  is 
governed  by  a  mayor,  common  council,  and  board  of  public 
works.  It  has  an  efficient  fire  department  and  ample 
water  supply.  Pop.  in  1840,  40.35;  in  1860,  17,228;  in 
1870,  22,874;  in  1880,  29,910;  in  1890,  67,458. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Cincinnati  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica  A  Black 
River  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  294. 

Trenton,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
10  miles  N.  of  Utica,  is  intersected  by  the  Utica  A  Black 
River  Railroad.  The  Trenton  limestone  (Lower  Silurian) 
is  developed  here.  Pop.  31.34.  This  township  contains 
villages  named  Holland  Patent,  Prospect,  Stittville,  Tren- 
ton, and  Trenton  Falls. 

Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Trenton  township,  on  the  Trent  River,  about  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Newborn.  It  is  situated  in  a  level,  sandy 
region,  which  has  extensive  forests  of  pine.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  814. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  and  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  340. 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  907. 
Trenton  (Tuscarawas  Post-Offlce),  a  village  of  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  in  Warwick  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas 
River,  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  the  Pittsburg  A  Columbus  Rail- 
road, 53  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  292. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  59  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Columbia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  River,  and  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson, 
and  59  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  Ky.  It  has  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  2 
foundries,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  1909. 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  1762. 
Trenton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Trenton  township,  Pierce 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  2  miles  N.  of 
Red  Wing,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Presoott.      Pop.  of  the 
township,  about  1000. 

Trenton,  township,  Washington  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1912. 
Trenton,  a  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Hastings, 
on  the  Trent,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  101 
miles  E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  grammar- 
school,  town  hall,  branch  bank,  printing-office,  2  steam 
saw-mills,  4  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  tin-factory,  paper- 
mill,  carding-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  number  of  stores. 
It  also  has  excellent  facilities  for  ship-building,  and  a  trade 
in  exporting  square  and  sawed  timber.     Pop.  2000. 

Trenton  Falls,  a  post-village  and  popular  place  of 
resort  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  West 
Canada  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  17 
miles  N.  of  Utica.  Here  are  5  cascades,  with  a  total  descent 
of  about  400  feet  in  a  course  of  2  miles.  The  creek  flows 
through  a  deep,  narrow  ravine  between  perpendicular 
walls  of  fine  Trenton  limestone,  which  in  some  places  are 


nearly  200  feet  high.  The  volume  of  water  is  not  larger 
but  the  place  is  remarkable  for  the  beauty  and  wildness  of 
its  scenery.     Pop.  about  250. 

Trenton  Junction,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  A  Bound  Brook 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.  A  bridge  over  the  river 
connects  this  place  with  Yardleyville. 

Trenton  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va. 

Trentschin,  trdnt-sheen',  written  also  Trentsen 
and  Trentsin  (Hun.  Trencain,  trSn^oheen'),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  a  castle-crowned  height, 
on  the  Waag,  40  miles  N.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  3449. 

Trentschin,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.W.  of  Hungary. 
Area,  1784  square  miles.  Capital,  Trentschin.  Pop.  248,626, 
mostly  Slovaks. 

Trepassey,  tre-pas'se,  a  port  of  entry  of  Newfound- 
land, 81  miles  S.W.  of  St.  John's.  It  has  a  fine  harbor, 
and  a  large  trade  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  514. 

Treport,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lk  Treport. 

Treptow,  Neu,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Neu-Treptow. 

Trepuzzi,  trd,-poot'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
N.AV.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  3278. 

Tres  Alamos,  tr3s  i'li-moce,  a  post-office  and  settle- 
ment of  Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  in  San  Pedro  Valley,  50  miles 
E.  of  Tucson. 

Tres  Barras,  or  Rio  de  Tres  Barras,  ree'o  d4 
trSs  baR'R^s  {i.e.,  the  "  river  with  three  bars"),  a  river  of 
Brazil,  falls  into  the  Tapajos  near  lat.  8°  S.,  Ion.  57°  W. 

Tresckow,  tres'ko,  a  mining  post- village  in  Banks 
township.  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 
and  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  about  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  large  colliery.     P.  about  800. 

Tres'co,  or  Tres'caw,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  in 
the  English  Channel,  W.  of  Annet  Island.  Pop.  226.  It 
has  about  800  acres  of  fertile  land,  a  village  named  Dol- 
phin, and  some  decayed  batteries. 

Tres'cott,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  23 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Machias.     Pop.  603. 

Tres  Hermanos,  islands.    See  Hermanos. 

Treskowitz,  tr5s'ko-'frits\  or  Troskotowice,  tros- 
ko-to-^eet'sd,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  circle 
of  Briinn,  near  Diirnholz.     Pop.  1160. 

Tres-Montes,  trSs-mon'tfis  ("three  mountains"),  a 
peninsula  of  South  America,  W.  of  Patagonia,  between 
the  Chonos  Archipelago  and  the  Gulf  of  Penas. 

Tres-Nuraghes,  tr5s-noo-rS,'gh8s,  a  village  of  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari,     Pop.  1324. 

Tres  Falacios  (trds  p&-U'se-oce]  River,  a  hamlet 
of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles  from  Columbia.  It  has  a 
church. 

Tres  Pinos,  trfis  pee'noce,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Benito 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  100  miles  S.S.E. 
of  San  Francisco,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Hollister. 

Tres-Pontes,  trSs-pon'tSs  ("three  bridges"),  a  town 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Qeraes,  between  the  Rio 
Grande  and  the  Rio  das  Mortes,  25  miles  E.  of  Lavras-de- 
Funil. 

Tres  Tabernse,  the  ancient  name  of  Zabern. 

Trestenburg,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Tasnad. 

Trets,  tri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-RhSne,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2694.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Treuchtlingen,  troiKt'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Altmiihl,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eichstadt.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  ribbons,  pottery,  Ac     Pop.  1928. 

Treuen,  troi'^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Plauen.  Pop.  5409,  mostly  employed  in  weaving  and 
spinning. 

Treuenbrietzen,  troi'^n-breet^s^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, province  of  Brandenburg,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Potsdam. 
Pop.  5466.  It  has  numerous  manufactures  of  linen,  woollen, 
and  cotton  fabrics,  and  leather. 

Trevandrum,  India.    See  Trivandrcm. 

Trevanion,  tre-vi'ne-on,  or  Guerta,  ghSr'ti,  an 
island  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  10°  40'  S.j  Ion.  165°  45' 
30"  E.     It  is  nearly  10  miles  in  circuit. 

Trevelez,  tri-vi'15th,  or  Entrevelez,  8n-tri-vi'lfith, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  about  35  miles 
from  Granada.     Pop.  1399. 

Trevennen,  Marquesas  Islands.  See  Roapoa. 
Treves,  treevz  (ano.  Augua'ta  Treviro'rum;  Fr.  Treves, 
traiv  or  trflv ;  Ger.  Trier,  treer),  a  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Moselle,  here  crossed  by  an  ancient  Roman  bridge  690 
feet  long,  57  miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz.  Lat.  49°  47'  N. ;  Ion. 
6°  38'  E.  It  is  considered  the  oldest  city  in  Germany,  and 
is  by  far  the  richest  of  its  cities  in  Roman  remains,  thougb 


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2648 


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these  are  more  remarkable  for  vastness  than  for  beauty. 
Modern  Treves  consists  of  the  town  proper  and  of  9  suburbs. 
It  is  surrounded  by  walls  with  8  gates.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  cathedral,  an  irregular  structure  in  the 
earliest  Komanesque  style,  remarkable  for  its  altars  and 
marble  gallery,  the  church  of  St.  Simeon,  the  palace  of 
the  electors  and  bishops,  now  converted  into  a  barrack,  the 
ancient  remains  of  the  Roman  baths,  in  a  very  shattered 
state,  the  Roman ,  amphitheatre  scooped  out  of  the  hill  of 
the  Marsberg,  the  town  library,  which  belonged  to  its 
university,  suppressed  in  1794,  the  museum,  gymnasium, 
theatre,  provincial,  industrial,  and  numerous  other  schools, 
the  school  of  design,  savings-banks,  burgher  hospital,  poor- 
house,  house  of  correction,  Ac.  Its  manufactures  consist  of 
woollen  and  linen  cloth,  worsted,  carpets,  hats,  porcelain, 
soap,  glue,  leather,  tobacco,  and  refined  wax,  Treves  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a  provincial  council  and  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce.  When  Julius  Caesar  led  his  armies  into 
the  district  it  was  the  capital  of  a  powerful  people,  whom  he 
calls  the  Treviri.  Under  Augustus  it  was  made  a  Roman 
colony,  called  Augusta  Trevirorum ;  it  subsequently  became 
the  capital  of  Gallia  Belgica.  It  was  the  residence  of  Con- 
stantine  the  Great  and  other  Roman  emperors,  and  became 
the  second  metropolis  of  the  empire.  During  the  invasion 
of  the  Goths,  Huns,  and  Vandals  it  was  almost  annihilated, 
but  revived,  and  rose  to  great  splendor  under  the  arch- 
bishop-electors, who  possessed  extensive  domains,  often 
maintained  large  armies,  and  exercised  great  political  in- 
fluence. St.  Ambrose,  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  church,  was 
born  here,  and  St.  Jerome,  another  of  its  fathers,  studied 
here.  In  the  Middle  Ages  it  suffered  repeatedly  from  wars, 
and  in  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  five  times  taken  by 
the  French,     Pop.  in  1885,  26,119  ;  in  1891,  36,166. 

Trevico,  tri-vee'ko  (anc.  Trivi'cum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Avellino,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ariano,  with  a 
cathedral,  convents,  and  hospital.     Pop.  3490. 

Treviglio,  tri-veel'yo,  or  Triviglio,  tre-veel'yo,  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  18i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Milan,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway. 
Pop.  8575.  It  stands  in  a  rich  plain  between  the  Adda  and 
the  Serio,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  raw  silk. 

Trevigno,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Rovigno. 

Trevilian's  (tr9-vil'y§.nz)  Depot,  a  small  post-vil- 
lage of  Louisa  CO.,  Ya.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Treviso,  trSv-ee'zo  or  tri-vee'so  (Fr.  Trivise,  triVeez' ; 
anc.  Tarvi'sium),  a  city  of  Italy,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Venice,  capital  of  a  province,  on  the  Sile.  It  has  spacious 
streets  and  large  squares,  and  a  great  number  of  handsome 
houses,  generally  lined  by  arcades,  and  often  possessed  of 
small  but  well-planted  gardens,  which  give  the  town  a  very 
pleasing  appearance.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  cathe- 
dral, the  church  of  San  Nicolo,  a  large  Gothic  edifice,  the 
court-house  and  prison,  town  house,  register- office,  hospital, 
library,  a  monte-de-pietd,  2  theatres,  and  the  civil  hospital. 
The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  silk  and  cotton  goods, 
paper,  and  cutlery;  the  trade  is  in  corn,  cattle,  and  fruit, 
and  there  is  an  important  annual  fair.  Treviso  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  the  seat  of  provincial  and  city  courts  and  offices, 
and  possesses  a  botanic  garden,  agricultural  society,  dio- 
cesan seminary,  and  athenaeum  of  science  and  literature. 
It  was  formerly  the  seat  of  the  celebrated  university  after- 
wards transferred  to  Padua.  It  is  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  municipal  free 
town  under  the  Romans.  On  the  decline  of  the  empire  it 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Huns,  then  by  the  Ostro- 
goths, and  afterwards  by  the  Lombards.  During  the  feuds 
between  the  Guelphs  and  Ghibellines  it  formed  part  of  the 
Lombardio  league  and  became  independent.  In  1344  it 
voluntarily  placed  itself  under  the  government  of  Venice. 
Totila,  King  of  the  Goths,  and  Pope  Benedict  XI.,  were 
born  in  Treviso.     Pop.  16,824. 

Treviso,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  bordering  on 
the  Gulf  of  Venice.  Area,  939  square  miles.  Capital, 
Treviso.     Pop.  352,538. 

Trevi-Thebana,  tri'vee-ti-bi'ni,  a  market-town  of 
Italy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  1591. 

Trevi-Trebia,  tri'vee-tri'be-S,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Umbria,  10  miles  N.  of  Spoleto,  picturesquely  situated  on 
the  Flaminian  Way.     Pop.  5082. 

Trevoes,  tri-vo'5Ns,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1142. 

Trev'orton,  a  post-village  in  Zerbe  township,  North- 
umberland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Shamokin.  It  has  4  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place,  which  is  13i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trev- 
'>rton  Junction.     Pop.  about  1400. 


Trevorton,  or  Trevorton  Junction,  Pennsyl 
vania.     See  Heendon. 

Trevose,  tre-vos',  a  station  of  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Tr6voux,  triVoo'  (anc.  Trivimf),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Ain,  on  the  S^one,  12  miles  N.  of  Lyons. 
Pop.  2127.  It  has  a  palace,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures 
of  edge-tools  and  jewelry, 

Trex'Ier,  a  post-village  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks 
&  Lehigh  Railroad,  24i  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a 
tannery. 

Trex'lertown,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Macungie 
township,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Catasauqua  A  Fogelsville 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Breinigsville  Branch,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua,  and  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Allen- 
town.    It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  2  or  3  stores,  &o.    P.  500. 

Treysa,  or  Treisa,  tri'si,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Cassel,  province  of  Ober-Hessen,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Marburg.     Pop.  2228. 

Trezevant,  trgz-vant',  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Obion  River,  and  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Memphis  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  institute,  and  a  foundry.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Trezzano,  trflt-s&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1106. 

Trezzo,  trdt'so,  a  market-town  of  Lombardy,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  Adda,  with  manufactures  of  silks. 
It  was  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  3381. 

Triadel'phia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patuxent  River,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Triadelphia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  34. 

Triadelphia,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Wheeling  A  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches  and 
2  cigar-factories.     Pop.  about  750. 

Triaditza,  Bulgaria.    See  Sophia. 

Tri'al  Bay,  a  commodious  harbor  of  New  South  Wales, 
about  40  miles  N.  of  Port  Macquarie. 

Triana,  tri-&n'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hunts- 
ville.     It  has  a  church. 

Triangle,  tri'ang-gh^l,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Triangle  township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Bingham- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  273;  of  the  township,  2122. 
The  township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Whitney's 
Point.     It  is  drained  by  the  Tioghnioga  and  Otselic  Rivers. 

Triangle,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 

Triangles,  The,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, in  the  Strait  of  Macassar,  immediately  between 
Celebes  and  Borneo. 

Triangles,  The,  a  group  of  islets  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Yucatan,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Tribau,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  TRtfBAU. 

Tribe's  (tribz)  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  th« 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany, 
and  5  miles  E.  of  Fonda.  It  is  mostly  in  Mohawk  town- 
ship. It  has  3  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  quarries  of 
limestone.     Pop.  365. 

Tribsees,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Triebsees. 

Tribula'tion,  a  post-office  of  McDonald  oo..  Mo. 

Tribur,  or  Triburinm,  Germany.    See  Trebuk. 

Tricala,  a  town  of  Thessaly.    See  Trikhala. 

Tricarico,  tre-k4're-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
17  miles  E.  of  Potenza,  between  the  Basiento  and  the  Bra- 
dano.  Pop.  6710.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a 
cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  woollen  cloths,  caps, 
leather,  and  tobacco. 

Tricase,  tre-ki'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 
23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  2527. 

Tricassae.    See  Troyes. 

Tricca,  Turkey.     See  Trikhala. 

Trich'angode,  or  Tir^uchango'du,  a  town  ot 
India,  district  and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.     Pop.  6153. 

TrichUndoor',  or  Tritchindur,  tricVin-door', 
written  also  Tiruchendur,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  sea, 
district  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Tinnevelly.     Pop.  7051. 

Trichinopoly,  or  Trichinopoli,  trich-in-op'o-Ie,  a 
district  of  British  India,  near  its  S.  extremity,  presidency 
of  Madras.  Area,  3515  square  miles.  Pop.  1,200,408. 
The  river  Cavery  traverses  it  from  W.  to  E. 

Trichinopoly,  or  Trichinopoli,  a  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  capital  of  the  above  distriotj 
on  the  Cavery,  30  miles  W.  of  Tanjore.  Pop.  84,449 
Though  one  of  the  hottest  stations  in  the  Carnatic,  it  is  th« 


:ri 


2649 


TRI 


head-quarters  of  the  S.  division  of  the  Madras  army,  which 
has  here  good  cantonments.  The  markets  are  well  sup- 
plied. The  fortifications  are  in  decay;  but  a  citadel  is 
seated  oc.  a  lofty  rock  in  its  centre,  on  which  are  also  a 
large  pagoda,  a  powder-magazine,  and  in  one  of  its  angles 
a  cave-temple.  The  arsenal  contains  many  thousand  stand 
of  arms.  The  population  manufacture  jewelry,  cotton 
cloths,  and  horse-equipments,  for  which,  and  for  other  goods, 
Trichinopoly  is  a  flourishing  emporium. 

Trichoor,  tre-choor',  a  town  of  India,  state  and  40 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cochin.  It  contains  a  citadel  and  pal- 
ace, a  college  for  Brahmins,  many  pagodas,  good  barracks, 
a  hospitiil,  magazine,  and  storehouses.  It  is  celebrated  for 
its  sanctity,  is  the  place  of  a  large  annual  festival,  and  is 
the  most  iuiportant  trading-emporium  in  Cochin. 

Trickham,  trik'am,  a  post-village  of  Coleman  co., 
Tex.,  125  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  a  church. 

Trick'um,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  25  miles 
from  Chattanooga,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Tric'olum,  or  Trik'kolam,  a  town  of  India,  in 
Malabar,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Calicut.     Pop.  8317. 

Tricot,  tree^ko',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Oiso,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Clermont.  Pop.  1045,  who  weave 
fabrics  which  have  hence  derived  their  name. 

Tridentum,  the  ancient  name  of  Trent. 

Triebsees,  treeb'sis,  or  Tribsees,  trib'sis,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  government  and  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Stralsund.     Pop.  3082. 

Triel,  tre-fil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Havre  Railway,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Poissy.     Pop.  1734. 

Trie-le-  Chateau,  tree-l§h-sha,Ho',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Gise,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Beauvais. 

Triengen,  treen'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1632. 

Trient,  the  German  name  of  Trent. 

Trier,  the  German  name  of  Treves. 

Triesch,  treesh,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Iglau.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
fabrics.     Pop.  4500. 

Triiest,  tre-fist'  (Fr.  Trieste,  tre-ist' ;  It.  Trieste,  tre- 
Ss't4;  anc.  Terges'te),  the  principal  seaport  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  capital  of  Kiistenland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Triest,  at 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  73  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Venice.  Lat.  45°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  46'  E.  Mean  tempera- 
ture of  the  year,  55.3°;  winter,  39.4°;  summer,  71.4° 
Fahr.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  railway  system.  The  city 
consists  of  an  old  town,  built  on  the  declivity  of  a  steep 
hill,  and  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  the  new  town,  or  There- 
sienstadt,  Josephstadt,  and  the  Franzenvorstadt,  bordering 
the  sea  on  a  plain  at  its  foot.  It  has  altogether  a  thriving 
appearance,  and  its  streets  are  crowded  with  men  of  all 
ifuropean  nations.  The  new  town  especially  is  well  built. 
A  broad  canal,  deep  enough  to  float  vessels  of  large  burden, 
runs  up  from  the  harbor  through  this  part  of  the  town,  and 
enables  the  merchants  to  receive  or  deliver  cargoes  at  their 
doors.  Between  the  old  and  new  town  winds  the  Corso,  a 
spacious  thoroughfare,  opening  successively  into  several 
handsome  squares,  in  the  principal  of  which  are  a  fine  public 
fountain,  the  chief  hotel,  and  the  column  and  statue  of  the 
Emperor  Charles  VI.  (to  whom  Triest  owes  its  modern  im- 
portance) ;  the  exchange,  the  finest  edifice  in  Triest ;  the 
Dom,  or  cathedral,  of  great  antiquity,  resembling  St. 
Mark's  at  Venice,  and  surmounted  by  a  tower  which  is  said 
to  stand  on  a  temple  of  Jupiter ;  the  church  of  St.  Peter, 
the  Jesuit  church,  the  Protestant  church,  synagogue,  cus- 
tom-house, post-office,  and  theatres.  Outside  the  town,  on 
the  sea-shore,  is  the  new  lazaretto,  one  of  the  best-arranged 
in  Europe.  The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300  tons  to  its 
quays,  and  vessels  of  any  size  anchor  safely  at  a  short  dis- 
tance. It  is  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  one  side  of  which  is 
formed  by  the  mole,  which  projects  N.W.  into  the  sea  and 
terminates  in  a  broad  platform,  occupied  partly  by  a  fort, 
and  partly  by  an  intermittent  light  106  feet  above  the  sea. 
On  its  N.  side  is  a  quarantine  dock,  surrounded  with  hotels 
and  every  other  convenience.  Close  to  the  harbor  are  ex- 
tensive building-docks. 

Triest  is  the  great  emporium  for  the  trade  of  the  empire 
by  the  Adriatic.  It  is  a  depot  for  warehousing  goods  from 
the  Black  Sea,  Turkey,  and  Egypt,  and  of  late  the  route 
through  it  has  been  successfully  employed  for  the  transit 
of  the  overland  mails  between  England  and  India.  The 
trade  began  rapidly  to  increase  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
'jentury,  when  the  Empress  Maria  Theresa  made  great  im- 
provements on  the  haroor,  constructed  the  canal,  and  de- 
clared it  a  free  port.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  rice, 
wine,  oil,  wax,  flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  silk,  wood,  hides,  mar- 
167 


ble,  iron,  lead,  quicksilver,  copper,  alum,  vitriol,  silk  stnfiTs, 
printed  cottons,  coarse  and  fine  linens,  soap,  leather,  glass, 
and  liqueurs.  The  principal  imports  are  colonial  produce, 
raw  and  spun  cotton,  cotton  goods,  dried  fruits,  hides,  salt 
fish,  camels'  hair,  &c.  Triest  possesses  a  large  mercantile 
navy,  and  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  Austrian  Lloyd's,  which 
occupies  a  large  building  called  the  Tergestenm.  The  value 
of  its  imports  amounts  to  about  $70,000,000  and  its  exporta 
to  $50,000,000  per  annum. 

Triest  is  a  bishop's  see,  the  seat  of  an  imperial  academy, 
a  school  of  navigation,  and  many  other  schools  and  learned 
associations.  It  haa  many  banking  establishments,  insu- 
rance offices,  newspapers,  Ac,  and  is  the  residence  of  consuls 
of  most  commercial  nations.  Its  manufactures  are  numer- 
ous, and  in  some  branches  extensive.  The  principal  articles 
are  white  lead,  wax  candles,  soap,  rosoglio,  spirits,  earthen- 
ware, and  morocco  leather.  A  great  number  of  vessels  also 
are  built,  and  an  active  shipping  is  carried  on  in  the  bay. 
Triest  existed  under  the  Romans,  but  never  rose  to  much 
importance  till  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  when 
the  Empress  Maria  Theresa  laid  the  foundation  of  a  pros- 
perity which  has  ever  since  continued  to  advance,  and  con- 
verted a  comparatively  insignificant  town  into  the  first  port 
of  the  empire.     Pop.  in  1870,  109,324;  in  1890,  158,344. 

Triest,  a  district  of  Austria,  forming  part  of  Kiisten- 
land, on  the  Adriatic,  bounded  landward  by  Istria  and 
Goritz.  Principal  town,  Triest.  Area,  26  square  miles. 
Pop.  123,098.    See  also  Gulf  of  Triest. 

Trigg,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  425  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Cumberland 
River,  both  of  which  here  run  nearly  northward  and  are 
navigable  by  steamers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  good  timber  cover  one-third 
or  more  of  the  surface.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron 
ore  and  limestone.  The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad 
runs  through  the  N.E.  corner  of  this  county.  Capital,  Cadiz. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,686;  in  1880,  14,489;  in  1890,  13,902. 

Trigg  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  17 
miles  S.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  an  iron- 
furnace  which  employs  about  400  men. 

Triggiano,  trid-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bari,  and  3  miles  from  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  6921. 

Trigno,  treen'yo  (anc.  Trin'itis),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises 
in  the  Apennines,  about  9  miles  W.  of  Campobasso,  flows 
N.W.  and  N.E.  past  Trivento  and  Celenza,  and  enters  the 
Adriatic  5  miles  S.E.  of  II  Vasto.     Length,  50  miles. 

Trigo,  tree'go,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Stockton  k  Visalia  Railroad,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stock- 
ton. 

Trigo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
from  Lenoir's  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  &c. 

Trigueros,  tre-gwi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  4105. 

Trikeri,  tree'k&-ree,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Thessaly 
(Greece),  at  the  extremity  of  a  peninsula  forming  the  E. 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lamia. 
It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  this  part  of  the  archi- 

?elago,  and  building-yards  at  which  vessels  are  fitted  out. 
op.  about  5000.  The  Channel  of  Trikeri,  leading  ofi"  from 
the  archipelago,  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Volo  on  the 
N.  and  the  Channel  of  Talanda  on  the  S.W. 

Trikhala,  ot  Tricala,  tree'k4-li,  a  river  of  Greece, 
in  Thessaly,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Salem  bria,  immediately 
N.W.  of  Trikhala. 

Trikhala,  or  Tricala,  written  also  Tirhala  (anc. 
Tric'ca  or  Trik'ka),  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Thessaly  (Greece), 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Larissa.  Lat.  39°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  21® 
48'  E.  Pop.  from  10,000  to  12,000,  chiefly  Turks.  It 
covers  a  large  space,  and  has  several  Greek  churches  and 
synagogues,  manufactures  of  blankets  and  coarse  woollen 
and  cotton  stufis,  and  an  active  transit  trade.  Trikhala 
is  also  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Thessalt. 

Trikkolam,  India.    See  Tricolum. 

Trillfingen,  trill'fing-^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Ho- 
henzollern,  on  a  very  bleak  and  elevated  site.     Pop.  1100. 

Trilport,  treePpon',  a  village  of  France,  on  the  Paris 
&  Strasburg  Railway,  28  miles  from  Paris.     Pop.  1012. 

Trim,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Meath,  on 
the  Boyne,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  2195.  It  contains 
the  ruins  of  Trim  Castle,  founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  1 1., 
the  remains  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  a  handsome  parish  church, 
a  chapel,  several  schools,  various  charitable  institutions,  a 
county  court-house,  jail,  barracks,  workhouse,  and  a  pillai 
to  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 


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2650 


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Trim  Belle,  a  post-hamlet  in  Trim  Belle  township, 
Pierce  cc,  Wis.,  on  a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  15 
miles  E.  of  Hastings,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Prescott,  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Red  AVing,  Minn.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  973. 

Trim  Belle  River,  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  12  miles  below 
Prescott. 

Trimble,  trim'b^l,  a  small  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Kentucky.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River, 
which  separates  it  from  Indiana.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Area,  155  square  miles.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Bedford. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5577;  in  1880,  7171 ;  in  1890,  7140. 

Trimble,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  4^  miles  N.  of  Robinson.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Trimble,  a  post-hamlet  in  Trimble  township,  Athens 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sunday  Creek,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  It 
has  a  church.    Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  township,  1379. 

Trimble,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pa- 
ducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  78  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paducah. 
It  has  a  church. 

Trimble's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Duplin  oo.,N.C.,  9  miles 
from  Duplin  Road.     It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Trimello,  trim'Sl-lo,  a  post-ofl&ce  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cherokee. 

Trimmis,  trim'mis,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Grisons,  3  miles  from  Chur.     Pop.  1105. 

Trimuu'galum,  or  Tirumangalam,  tir-u-mQn'- 
ga-lum,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Madura.     Pop.  5772. 

Trinacria,  an  ancient  name  of  Sicilt. 

Trinchara,  Colorado.     See  Trenchara. 

Trincomalee,  tring*ko-ma-lee',  a  seaport  town  of 
Ceylon,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  in  lat."  8°  33'  7"  N.,  Ion.  81°  14' 
7"  B.  The  town  is  at  the  foot  of  a  rock  at  the  entrance  of 
a  bay  termed  by  Nelson  "  the  finest  harbor  in  the  world." 
It  has  forts,  barracks,  and  a  naval  yard.  Mean  temperature 
of  the  year,  80.7°  ;  winter,  77.3°  ;  summer,  83.8°.  P.  9807. 

Trindle  (trin'del)  Spring,  a  station  in  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Dillsburg  Branch  Railroad,  9i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Harrisburg. 

Tring,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Herts,  on  the  London 
&  Northwestern  Railway,  32  miles  N.W.  of  London.  The 
town  is  neat,  and  has  a  market-house,  a  Lanca^sterian  free 
school,  and  various  small  charities.     Pop.  4045. 

Tringany,  trin-g3,'nee,  called  also  Tringano,  tring- 
gi'no,  a  maritime  state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extending 
along  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  between  lat.  5°  and  6°  N.  and  Ion. 
102°  and  103°  E.,  having  N.  Kalantan.  Pop.  about  30,000. 
The  products  are  ivory,  pepper,  camphor,  gambier,  gold, 
and  about  7000  piculs  of  tin  annually. 

Tringany,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  in  the  above 
state,  on  the  sea-coast.  Lat.  5°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  E.  Pop. 
from  15,000  to  20,000  (?),  including  many  Chinese. 

Trinidad,  trin^e-dad'  (Sp.  pron.  tre-ne-Dio' ;  Fr.  La 
TrinitS,  li  tree^neeHi'),  the  largest  of  the  British  West  India 
Islands,  excepting  Jamaica.  It  is  the  southernmost  of  the 
Windward  group,  but  does  not  belong  to  the  colony  of  the 
Windward  Islands.  It  lies  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Venezuela, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  opposite  the  N.  mouths 
of  the  Orinoco.  It  is  of  an  oblong  form,  with  considerable 
projections  at  all  its  angles  except  the  S.E.  Point  Galera, 
the  N.E.  extremity,  is  in  lat.  10°  50'  N.,  Ion.  60°  54'  W. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  50  miles ;  average  breadth,  about  30 
miles,  exclusive  of  its  projections.  Area,  1754  square  miles. 
Approached  from  the  N.,  Trinidad  appears  like  an  immense 
ridge  of  rocks;  its  E.  and  S.  shores  are  also  rocky  and  high  ; 
but  on  the  S.  side,  or  the  side  next  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  it 
presents  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  magnificent  pano- 
ramas imaginable, — hills,  valleys,  and  plains  being  covered 
with  a  verdure  that  knows  no  decay.  The  mountain-chains 
run  from  W.  to  E,  In  the  N.,  near  the  sea,  they  attain  an 
elevation  of  about  3000  feet,  and  are  broken  and  rugged. 
In  the  centre  of  the  island  is  a  less  elevated  group  of  moun- 
tains, and  in  the  S.  a  series  of  beautiful  hills,  among  which 
occur  numerous  delightful  valleys.  In  the  intervals  be- 
tween the  ranges  of  mountains  above  described  are  several 
extensive  plains,  stretching  nearly  across  the  entire  island 
from  E.  to  W. :  they  contain  some  natural  meadows,  and 
are  watered  by  numerous  streams,  but  generally  terminate 
towards  the  Gulf  of  Paria  in  swamps.  Some  of  them,  also, 
still  continue  in  their  natural  state,  covered  with  trees. 
The  principal  rivars  are  the  Caroni  and  the  Oropuche. 


Near  Point  Icaque,  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the 
island,  are  several  mud-volcanoes.  The  largest,  about  150 
feet  in  diameter,  has  boiling  mud  constantly  bubbling,  but 
never  overflowing.  Some  of  these  volcanoes  throw  out  salt 
water  heavily  loaded  with  argillaceous  earth.  Submarine 
volcanoes  also  occur  on  both  sides  of  the  island  ;  one  on  the 
W.  coast,  near  Cape  Brea,  occasionally  boils  up  and  dis- 
charges a  quantity  of  petroleum ;  the  other,  on  the  W 
coast,  near  Cape  Mayero,  gives,  in  March  and  June,  several 
detonations  resembling  thunder,  succeeded  by  flames  and 
smoke,  afterwards  ejecting  pieces  of  bitumen  as  black  and 
brilliant  as  jet.  The  most  remarkable  phenomenon  of  this 
kind  is  the  Asphaltum  or  Pitch  Lake,  situated  on  the  lee- 
ward side  of  the  island,  on  a  small  peninsula  jutting  into 
the  sea  a  little  N.E.  of  Guapo  Bay.  It  is  about  li  miles 
in  circumference,  and  elevated  80  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  pitch  at  the  sides  of  the  lake  is  perfectly 
hard  and  cold,  but  towards  the  middle  the  heat  gradually 
increases,  and  the  pitch  becomes  softer  and  softer,  until  at 
last  it  is  seen  boiling  up  in  a  liquid  state.  Several  attempts 
have  been  made  to  ascertain  the  depth  of  the  lake,  but  no 
bottom  has  ever  been  found.  The  island  also  affords  petro- 
leum. Pitch  is  extensively  exported,  chiefly  from  a  port 
called  La  Brea;  but  cotton,  sugar, coflee,  molasses,  and  rum 
are  also  produced,  with  cocoa-nuts,  cacao,  and  fine  timber. 
The  total  vafcie  of  the  exports  is  about  £1,450,000 ;  of  im- 
ports, £1,350,000.  Revenue  and  expenditure  about  £380,000 
each ;  debt,  £150,000. 

The  climate  of  Trinidad  is  less  unhealthy  than  that  of 
many  of  the  other  West  India  Islands,  and  is  not  subject 
to  droughts.  The  beneficial  and  abundant  dews,  arising 
from  the  numerous  rivers  of  the  island  and  surrounding 
ocean,  cool  and  invigorate  the  atmosphere  and  give  an  un- 
usual luxuriance  to  vegetation.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the 
elevated  parts  of  the  surface  are  mostly  covered  with  dense 
forests,  which  contain  the  finest  wood  for  ship-building  and 
for  ornamental  purposes.  The  principal  animals  inhabiting 
the  island  are  a  species  of  small  deer,  the  mangrove  stag, 
the  paca,  opossums,  armadillos,  porcupines,  lizards,  ant- 
bears,  sloths,  tiger-cats,  peccaries,  water-dogs,  monkeys, 
land-tortoises,  Ac.  The  birds  are  partridges,  water-hens, 
flamingoes,  woodcocks,  wild  ducks,  pelicans,  vultures,  par- 
rots, paroquets,  and  humming-birds.  The  settled  portion* 
are  chiefly  confined  to  the  N.W.  and  S.W.  of  the  island. 

Trinidad  is  a  crown  colony,  the  public  aSairs  being  ad- 
ministered by  a  governor,  assisted  by  an  executive  and  legis- 
lative councils.  The  laws  are  a  mixture  of  Spanish  and 
English.  The  island  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  July, 
1498.  It  successively  belonged  to  the  Spaniards  and  the 
French,  and  capitulated  to  the  British  in  1797.  Port-of- 
Spain,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island,  is  the  capital,  and 
one  of  the  finest  towns  in  the  West  Indies.  Trinidad  has 
good  harbors  on  its  W.  and  S.  coasts,  particularly  on  the 
former.     Pop.  in  1884,  171,914;  in  1891,  200,028. 

Trinidad,  Brazil.    See  Trinidade. 

Trinidad,  tre-ne-Din',  a  river  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  Isthmus  of  Panama,  which  joins  the  Chagres 
about  25  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.  It  is 
navigable  for  canoes  from  the  sea  to  Capua,  S.W.  of  Chor- 
rera.     Its  harbor  is  fitted  only  for  small  craft. 

Trinidad',  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Eureka.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  large  saw-mills.  Much  redwood  lumber  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  160 ;  of  township,  374. 

Trinidad,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Las  Animas  co., 
Col.,  is  on  the  Purgatory  River,  near  the  Raton  Mountains, 
and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  90  miles 
S.  of  Pueblo,  and  4  miles  S.  of  El  Moro,  which  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  2  banking-houses,  a  money-order  post-ofiBce, 
the  Rice  Institute,  an  academy,  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a 
planing-mill,  a  brewery,  and  2  hotels.  Good  coal  is  found 
near  this  place.  Wool  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2226;  in  1890,  5523. 

Trinidade,  tre-ne-di'di,  an  island  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  10  degrees  E.  of  Brazil,  to  which  it  belongs.  Lat. 
of  the  S.  point,  20°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  29°  19'  W. 

Trinidade,  tre-ne-di'di,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  4000. 

Trinitk,  tre-ne-ti',  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2051. 

Trinitapoli,  Italy.    See  Casale  della  Trinita. 

Trinit6,  La,  li  tree^neeHi',  a  town  of  Martinique,  on 
its  E.  coast,  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Pierre.     Pop.  6161. 

Trinit6,  La,  British  West  Indies.    See  Trinidad. 

Trinity,  trin'§-te,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  nearly  3000   square  miles.     It  il 


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2651 


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drained  by  the  Trinity  River  and  Mad  River.  The  Coast 
Range  extends  along  the  eastern  border  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous.  The  soil  is  not  culti- 
vated to  much  extent,  and  no  railroad  traverses  this  county. 
Gold,  which  is  mostly  found  in  placers,  is  the  chief  article 
of  export.  Capital,  Weaverville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3213 ;  in 
1880,  4999;  in  1890,  3719. 

Trinity,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  abdut  710  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Neches  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Trinity  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Big  Piney  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad  and  by 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railway.  Capital,  Qroveton. 
Pop,  in  1870,  4141;  in  1880,  4915;  in  1890,  7648. 

Trinity,  or  Trinity  Station,  a  post-village  of  Mor- 
gan CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  30 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Huntsville,  and  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  De- 
catur. It  contains  a  church,  the  Mountain  Spring  High 
School,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  masonic  lodge. 

Trinity,  a  post-village  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tensas 
River,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Natchez,  Miss,  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  steam-mill.  Pop.  about  400.  The  river 
below  Trinity  is  called  Black  River. 

Trinity,  a  township  of  Randolph  co,,  N.C.     Pop.  1471. 

Trijttity,  or  Trinity  College,  a  post-village  of  Ran- 
dolph JO.,  N.C,  about  80  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Trinity  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was 
organized  in  1853.     Here  is  Trinity  College  Post-Office. 

Trinity,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  county,  Texas,  near 
Trinity  River,  and  on  the  International  <is  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  86  miles  N.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
money-order  post-oflBce. 

Trinity,  a  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  capital  of 
the  district  of  the  same  name,  63  miles  N.W.  of  St.  John's. 
It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  island,  with  anchorage 
for  large  vessels.     The  circuit  court  sits  here.     Pop.  1434. 

Trinity  Bay,  a  large  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  New- 
foundland.    Chief  ports,  Trinity  and  Heart's  Content. 

Trinity  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Trinity  River,  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shasta.  It 
has  a  saw-mill.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  160, 

Trinity  College,  North  Carolina.     See  Trinity. 

Trinity  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Dallas,  It  has  a  church,  2  steam  flour- 
mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Trinity  River,  California,  rises  in  or  near  the  Coast 
Range,  and  intersects  Trinity  co.  It  runs  southwestward 
to  Weaverville,  below  which  it  flows  northwestward,  and 
enters  the  Klamath  River  in  Humboldt  co.,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Orleans.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  130  miles. 

Trinity  River,  Texas,  is  formed  by  branches  called 
the  Elm  or  East  Fork  and  West  Fork,  which  unite  in  Dal- 
las CO.,  about  4  miles  above  Dallas.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Ellis, 
Navarro,  Freestone,  Leon,  Madison,  and  San  Jacinto  on 
the  right,  and  Kaufman,  Henderson,  Anderson,  Houston, 
Trinity,  and  Polk  on  the  left,  and  enters  Galveston  Bay 
about  34  miles  N,  of  Galveston,  It  is  about  500  miles  long. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  nearly  350  miles,  except  when  the 
water  is  at  a  low  stage.  It  traverses  a  very  fertile  region. 
The  East  Fork  rises  near  Red  River,  in  the  N.  part  of 
Texas,  and  runs  southward  through  Denton  co.  It  is 
nearly  130  miles  long.  The  West  Fork  runs  southeast- 
ward through  the  cos.  of  Jack,  Wise,  and  Tarrant.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Trinity  River,  a  station  of  the  Houston,  East  <k  West 
Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Livingston,  Tex.  It  is 
on  or  near  Trinity  River. 

Trinity  Springs,  or  Har'risonville,  a  post-village 
of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Huron,  and  about  45 
miles  E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill  on 
Indian  Creek,  and  3  sulphur  springs. 

Trinity  Station,  Alabama.    See  Trinity, 

Trin'ityville,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  oo,,  Tex,,  li  miles 
from  Scott's  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  grist-mills. 

Trinius.    See  Teiono. 

Trinkseifen,  trink'srfgn,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  14 
miles  from  Carlsbad.     Pop.  1569, 

Trino,  tree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Vercelli,  near  the  Po.  Pop.  7541.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  cattle. 

Trin^omallee',  a  town  of  India,  in  South  Aroot,  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Madras,     Pop,  9312, 


Trins,  or  Hohen  Trins,  ho'^n  treens,  a  village  and 

Karish  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  4  miles  W.  of 
eichenau,  near  the  Vorder-Rhein,  It  has  the  ruins  of  2 
old  castles.  The  Trinser-See  ("  Lake  of  Trins")  is  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  909. 

Tri'on,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jefi^erson  co.,  Tenn, 

Tri'one,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.,  14  miles  S. 
of  California,     It  has  a  church. 

Trion  Factory,  a  post-village  of  Chattooga  co.,  (Ja,, 
on  the  Chattooga  River,  25  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Rome,  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton 
cloth  and  rope.     Pop.  about  600. 

Triora,  tre-o'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  San  Remo.  It  was  anciently  surrounded  by  walls  and 
defended  by  2  castles,  of  which  portions  still  remain. 

Trip^atoor',  a  town  of  India,  Salem  district.  Lat. 
12°  29'  N.;  Ion.  78°  36'  E.     Pop.  12,837. 

Trip'etty,  or  Trip'aty,  a  town  of  India,  in  North 
Arcot,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  10,423. 

Trip'lett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Brunswick  <fc  Chillicothe  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bruns- 
wick.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Triplett's  Creek,  Rowan  co.,  Ky.,  runs  southwest- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Licking  River, 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le,  called  by  the  natives  Tarabloos 
or  Tarablus,  ta-ri'bloos  (anc.  Tripolis),  a  country  in 
the  N.  of  Africa,  forming  one  of  the  Barbary  States,  and 
constituting  a  vilayet  or  province  of  the  Turkish  Empire. 
In  an  enlarged  sense  it  includes  both  Barca  and  Fezzan 
(which  see);  but  Tripoli  proper  lies  between  lat.  28°  and 
33°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  and  20°  E.,  is  bounded  N.  by  the 
Mediterranean,  W.  by  Tunis,  S.  by  Fezzan  and  the  Libyan 
Desert,  and  E.  by  the  Libyan  Desert  and  Barca.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  about  700  miles ;  breadth  varies  from  100 
miles,  near  the  centre,  to  200  miles,  near  the  extremities. 
Area,  with  dependencies,  about  400,000  square  miles.  The 
coast-line  stretches  in  an  irregular  but  almost  unbroken 
course  for  about  800  miles,  and  presents  so  few  bays  and 
protecting  headlands  as  not  to  furnish  more  than  one  good 
harbor, — that  on  which  the  capital  is  situated ;  the  E.  half 
forms  the  very  remarkable  indentation  known  as  the 
Greater  Syrtis,  or  Gulf  of  Sidra.  The  W,  half,  extending 
from  the  Gulf  of  Cabes,  or  Lesser  Syrtis,  E,  to  Mesurata 
Point,  is  low  and  sandy ;  the  other  half  interrupts  the 
monotony  of  its  sandy  beaches  by  numerous  rocky  points. 
The  interior  of  the  country  is  very  imperfectly  known. 
The  E.  part,  being  mostly  a  continuation  of  the  desert,  con- 
tains large  tracts  of  almost  barren  sands.  In  the  S.,  how- 
ever, it  is  traversed  by  the  Black  Mountains.  Farther  W. 
the  surface  becomes  still  more  diversified.  Two  mountain- 
ranges  stretch  from  W,  to  E,,  in  directions  nearly  parallel 
to  the  coast, — the  one  in  the  S.  called  the  Suara  and  the 
other  in  the  N.  called  the  Gharian  Mountains.  The  latter 
range  has  a  width  of  from  12  to  15  miles,  and  attains  a 
height  of  about  4000  feet;  it  is  not  more  than  20  miles 
from  the  coast,  and  is  composed  for  the  most  part  of  volcanic 
rocks  and  isolated  conical  peaks.  The  soil  upon  them,  pro- 
duced by  the  decomposition  of  lava  and  basalt,  is  very  fer- 
tile, and,  where  cultivated,  produces  heavy  crops  of  grain, 
more  especially  when  irrigated. 

Abundant  rains  fall  from  November  to  March,  and  are 
collected  in  numerous  tanks  and  cisterns,  to  provide  against 
the  droughts  which  prevail  from  May  to  September. 

On  the  sides  of  steep  hills,  vines,  olives,  almonds,  figs, 
and  other  fruits  are  often  seen,  and  in  these  hilly  tracts 
much  of  the  surface  is  left  in  pastures,  which  rear  cattle  in 
such  numbers  as  to  become  an  important  article  of  export. 
But  by  far  the  richest  tract  of  Tripoli  is  that  of  the  Mesheea, 
which  stretches  about  15  miles  along  the  coast,  with  a  width 
not  exceeding  5  miles,  and  has  the  capital  nearly  in  its  centre. 
The  whole  of  this  district  is  occupied  with  fertile  fields,  on 
which  wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  Indian  corn  are  grown ; 
plantations  of  productive  palm  trees,  olive-yards,  vineyards, 
orchards,  and  gardens,  yielding  in  abundance  oranges, 
pomegranates,  lemons,  figs,  jujubes,  apricots,  plums,  and 
watermelons.  The  other  principal  products  of  the  coast  are 
cotton,  silk,  tobacco,  saffron,  madder,  and  castor  oil ;  in  the 
interior,  senna,  dates,  and  galls;  and  the  carob  and  lotus 
are  indigenous. 

The  surplus  produce  of  the  date-  and  olive-plantations, 
also  esparto  grass,  barley,  and  other  grains,  straw  mats, 
earthen  jars,  and  other  domestic  manufactures,  are  exported 
by  sea.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  poultry  are  sent  to  Malta.  Rock 
salt  is  an  important  article  of  export.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  carpets,  thick  cloaks,  and  other  articles  of 
clothing,  camlets,  articles  of  goats'  hair,  sacking,  prepared 
skins,  morocoo  leather,  earthenwares,   and  potash.     TlM 


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foreign  commerce  is  mostly  with  Malta,  Tunis,  and  the  Le- 
vant ;  the  chief  trade  is  in  the  barter  of  European  goods 
for  those  of  Central  Africa,  whence  caravans  arrive  with 
gold-dust,  ivory,  senna,  natron,  ostrich  feathers,  Ac,  for 
shipment. 

The  rural  population  consists  chiefly  of  Arabs,  and  the 
town  population  of  Moors,  with  a  considerable  intermixture 
of  Jews.  Neither  Turks  (Mamelukes)  nor  Christians  are 
numerous.  The  state  religion  is  Mohammedan.  The  gov- 
ernment is  an  unmitigated  and  barbarous  despotism.  The 
bey,  dey,  or  pasha,  generally  chosen  from  among  the  Turk- 
ish oflScers  resident  in  the  capital,  and  confirmed  by  the 
sultan,  sets  an  example  of  tyranny  and  extortion  which  is 
naturally  and  eagerly  imitated  by  his  subordinates.  The 
more  regular  and  legitimate  sources  of  income  are  direct 
tribute  from  the  Arabs  and  district  governors,  a  land-tax,  a 
tax  on  Jews  and  merchants,  and  export  and  import  duties. 
Estimated  pop.  of  Tripoli  proper,  600,000 ;  with  depend- 
encies, about  1,300,000. Adj.  and  inhab.   Tripoline, 

trip-o-leen',  and  Tripolitan,  tre-pol'e-tan. 

Tripoli  (anc.  OS'a),  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Africa,  capital  of  the  above  state,  300  miles  S.  of  the  coast 
of  Sicily,  and  600  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers.  Lat.  32°  53'  64" 
N. ;  Ion.  13°  11'  E.  It  stands  on  a  rocky  promontory 
washed  by  the  sea  on  the  N.  and  E.  and  connected  with 
the  mainland  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  a  sandy  plafn,  partly 
under  cultivation ;  it  is  enclosed  on  the  land-side  by  a  lofty 
wall  flanked  with  bastions,  and  on  the  sea-front  defended 
by  a  formidable  line  of  batteries,  terminating  at  the  S.E. 
angle  in  a  strong  castle,  in  which  the  pasha  resides.  The 
town,  enclosing  an  area  about  1300  yards  long  by  1000 
yards  broad,  is  entered  by  two  gates ;  it  consists  of  a  great 
number  of  narrow  and  uneven  lanes,  lined  for  the  most  part 
with  mean  houses  huddled  together  without  any  order,  and, 
from  the  absence  of  front  windows,  looking  more  like  dead 
walls  than  inhabited  dwellings.  The  pasha's  castle  consists 
of  an  ancient  pile  of  vast  extent,  built  so  irregularly  that 
all  appearance  of  symmetry  is  lost.  The  great  mosque  is  a 
handsome  and  majestic  structure,  in  which  the  roof,  formed 
by  a  number  of  small  cupolas,  is  supported  by  16  Doric 
marble  columns,  said  to  have  once  belonged  to  a  Christian 
church.  The  other  buildings  most  deserving  of  notice  are 
6  principal  and  many  smaller  mosques,  2  or  more  Christian 
churches,  a  convent,  3  synagogues,  a  number  of  public 
baths,  bazaars,  and  caravansaries.  There  are  ancient  re- 
mains, among  which  the  most  remarkable  is  a  magnificent 
triumphal  arch,  erected  in  164  to  the  Roman  emperors 
Aurelius  Antoninus  and  Lucius  Verus,  consisting  of  huge 
blocks  of  marble,  beautifully  sculptured  on  the  sides  and 
ceiling,  and  now  used  as  a  store-house.  The  only  manu- 
factures of  any  consequence  are  carpets,  which  have  long 
been  celebrated,  mantles  and  other  woollen  stuflfs,  ordinary 
and  morocco  leather,  and  potash.  The  trade  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  only  good  harbor  for  several  hundred  miles 
along  the  coast.  It  is  formed  by  the  E.  side  of  the  promon- 
tory on  which  the  town  stands,  and  two  long  lines  of  reefs 
on  the  E.  and  N.E.,  furnishing  tolerable  shelter.  Where 
deepest,  it  has  not  more  than  5  or  6  fathoms,  but  has  capa- 
city sufficient  to  admit  whole  fleets  of  merchant-vessels  in 
the  outer  roads,  which  have  good  holding-ground  in  from 
16  to  18  fathoms.  A  great  part  of  the  trade  of  the  state, 
and  even  of  the  more  distant  interior  as  far  as  Timbuctoo 
and  Borneo,  has  its  emporium  at  Tripoli,  to  which  the 
goods  are  conveyed  across  the  desert  in  caravans.  About 
1000  vessels,  of  a  tonnage  of  125,000,  enter  and  clear  the 
port  annually.  Pop.  estimated  at  20,000.  Tripoli  Vec- 
CHiA,  trip'o-le  vfik'ke-i,  or  Old  Tripoli,  is  a  small  mari- 
time town,  45  miles  W.  of  Tripoli. 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le,  Tarabloos,  Tarablons,  or 
Tarablus,  ti-ri'bloos  (anc.  Trip'olis),  a  seaport  town  of 
Syria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  foot  of  a  spur  of  Mount 
Lebanon,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kadisha,  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Beyroot.  Lat.  34°  26'  4"  N.;  Ion.  35°  49'  E.  Pop. 
25,000.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  surrounded  by  fine  gardens, 
but  the  marshy  character  of  its  vicinity  renders  it  un- 
healthy. The  houses  are  chiefly  of  stone,  and  the  town  has 
many  remains  of  mediaeval  architecture;  in  and  around  it 
are  numerous  granite  columns  and  traces  of  antiquity,  and 
an  old  castle  stands  on  an  adjacent  height.  It  has  a  custom- 
house, and  foreign  consulates,  and  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see. 
In  May,  1864,  the  government  powder-magazine  exploded, 
destroying  a  large  part  of  the  town  and  300  to  400  lives. 
Tripoli  doubtless  owes  its  name  to  its  consisting  of  3  dis- 
tinct towns,  while  the  Marina,  or  El  Mina,  the  principal 
Beat  of  trade,  is  a  separate  quarter  S.W.,  on  a  projecting 
point  of  land  bordering  the  port.  The  harbor  is  small, 
•hallow,  and  frequently  unsafe,  but  the  town  retains  some 


export  trade  in  silk,  wool,  cotton,  tobacco,  galls,  cochineal, 
and  soap.  It  was  taken  by  the  Crusaders  in  1108,  at 
which  time  a  large  and  valuable  library  was  burned. 

Tripoli,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the  Mender, 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Ak-Shehr.     See  also  Tireboli. 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa, 
near  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Wa- 
verly.     It  has  several  stores. 

Tripoli,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.     See  New  Tripoli. 

Tripolitza,  or  Tripolizza,  tre-po-lit'si,  a  town  of 
Greece,  in  the  Morea,  in  a  plain  3000  feet  above  the  sea,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Argos.  Previous  to  the  revolution  it  wii.< 
the  residence  of  the  Turkish  pasha  of  the  Morea,  and  had 
20,000  inhabitants ;  but  it  was  stormed  and  taken  by  the 
Greek  insurgents  in  1821,  and  again  in  1828  by  the  troops 
of  Ibrahim  Pasha,  who  razed  it  to  the  ground.  It  has  been 
since  rebuilt.  It  owes  its  name  to  being  the  modern  repre- 
sentative of  the  three  cities  of  Mautinea,  Tegea,  and  Pallnu- 
tium,  traces  of  all  of  which  exist  in  its  vicinity.    Pop.  7020. 

Tripp,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Dakota,  border- 
ing on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  about  1800  square  miles 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Keya  Paha  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 

Trippe,  trip,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co..  Ark. 

Tripp'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  AVis.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Elroy.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Tripstadt,  tripp'stitt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Deux-Ponts.     Pop.  1663. 

Triptis,  trip'tis,  a  town  of  Saxe- Weimar,  5  miles  E.  of 
Neustadt,  on  the  Orla.     Pop.  1874. 

Tristan  d'Acunha,  tris-tin'  dl-koon'yi,  the  princi- 
pal of  a  group  of  islets  in  the  South  Atlantic.  Lat.  37°  6'  S. ; 
Ion.  12°  2'  W.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  one  peak 
rises  to  8236  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  other  islands  are 
nawed  Nightingale  Island  and  Inaccessible  Island.  They 
are  claimed  by  Great  Britain,  and  a  British  garrison  waa 
mai.itained  there  during  the  residence  of  Napoleon  at  St. 
Helena.     Pop.  53. 

Triste,  tris'tA,  an  island  of  Mexico,  in  the  Laguna  de 
Terminos,  off  the  coast  of  Campeachy. 

Tris'te,  or  Poolo  Mcgo,  poo'lo  mi'go,  an  islet  oflf 
the  S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra.     Lat.  4°  S. ;  Ion.  101°  10'  E. 

Triste,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulp  of  Triste. 

Tristledermot,  Ireland.    See  Castle-Dermot. 

Tri'ton  Island,  the  southernmost  of  the  Paracels,  ii> 
the  China  Sea. 

Tri'umph,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  5  mile* 
S.  of  Meriden  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Triumph,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Triumph  City,  a  village  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  in  Deer- 
field  township,  li  miles  from  Tidioute.  It  has  a  church. 
Oil  is  found  near  this  place. 

Triumpho,  tre-oom'fo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  30  miles  W,  of  Porto  Alegre.     Pop.  3462. 

Triumpho  de  la  Cruz,  tre-oom'fo  di  li  kroos,  a  bay 
and  group  of  islets  on  the  N.  coast  of  Honduras,  district 
of  Comayagua. 

Triune,  tri'yun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  Co., 
Tenn.,  12  miles  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Triv'ady,  or  Tiruvadi,t9-riiv'a-de,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Tanjore,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pondicherry.     Pop.  6896. 

Triv^aloor',  or  Tiruv^aloor',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  34  miles  E.  of  Tanjore.     Pop.  8560. 

Trivandrum,  tre-vin'driim,  written  also  Trivan- 
derum  or  Trevandrum,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
Travancore,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Cape 
Comorin,  with  a  fine  palace  and  an  extensive  garrison. 

Trivento,  tre-v4n'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  on  the  Trigno,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso. 
Pop.  4624.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  coarse 
woollen  cloths. 

Trivero,  tre-vi'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1922. 

Trivicum,  the  ancient  name  of  Trevico. 

Triviglio,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Treviglio. 

Trivigno,  tre-veen'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  ano 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2516. 

Trivoli,  tri'vo-le,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in 
Trivoli  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1234. 

Trivoli,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Ellsworth. 

Troad,  the  plain  around  ancient  Troy.    See  Trot. 

Trobriand,  tro^bre-ind',  a  group  of  islands  N.  of  the 
D'Entrecasteaux  group,  in  the  South  Pacific,  extends  from 
lat.  6°  47'  to  8°  52'  S.,  Ion.  147°  24'  to  151°  10'  E.     The 


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2653 


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blsnds  are  generally  low  and  of  considerable  extent,  pro- 
ducing abundance  of  the  finest  yams,  and  maintaining  a 
dense  population. 

Trocntelfingen,  troK't^l-fing^^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
tn  Hohenzollern,  15  miles  N.  of  Sigmaringen.     Pop.  1271. 

TrdensCt  trS'fin-s^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  the 
island  of  Taasinge,  on  the  Thoroesund. 

TroezeU)  an  ancient  town  of  Greece.     See  Damala. 

Trogen,  tro'oh^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Appenzell,  capital  of  Outer  Rhodes.  Pop. 
2933.     It  has  an  arsenal,  and  a  trade  in  muslin  and  linens. 

Troia,  or  Troja*  tro'yi  (anc.  Verna'ria),  an  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  coast  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Piombino. 

Troia,  or  Troja,  tro'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Foggia.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral,  and 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths.     Pop.  5971. 

Trois  Riviferes,  a  city  of  Quebec.   See  Three  Rivers. 

Trois  Rivieres,  trwS,  reeVe-air',  a  town  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Basse- 
Terre.     Pop.  3940. 

Trois  Pistoles,  trwl  peosHol',  a  post-village  in  Temis- 
couata  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  148  miles  below  Quebec. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  flouring-,  carding-,  and 
saw-mills,  and  15  stores.     Pop.  650. 

Trois  SaumonS)  trw4  so^m6No',  a  post-village  in 
L'Islet  CO.,  Quebec,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  66  miles  below  Quebec.    P.  200. 

Troitsk,  troitsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  87 
miles  N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the  Moksha.     Pop.  5351. 

Troitsk,  or  Zemninki,  zdm-nin'kee,  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  on  the  Ooi,  an 
affluent  of  the  Tobol,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cheliabinsk.  Pop. 
8298.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, custom-house,  barracks,  and  an  active  traffic  with 
Bokhara.  Two  thousand  Kirgheez  are  said  to  visit  it  an- 
nually with  their  goods. 

Troitzkoi,  troit'skoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Moscow.  On  a  height  immedi- 
ately above  it  is  a  vast  ecclesiastical  establishment,  founded 
in  1337,  and  the  richest  in  the  empire,  after  that  of  Kiev. 
Within  its  fortified  enclosures  are  numerous  churches,  im- 
perial and  episcopal  palaces,  and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary, 
with  a  library  and  a  bell  of  70  tons'  weight. 

Troitzkossavsk,  troits-kSs-s8,vsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  the  largest  town  of  Transbaikalia,  just  N.  of 
Kiakhta.     Pop.  4765. 

Troja,  a  town  and  island  of  Italy.     See  TroiA. 

Troja  and  Trojan,  Asia  Minor.     See  Troy. 

Troki,  tro'kee,  or  Novo-Troki,  no'vo  tro'kee,  a  town 
of  Russia,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Vilna,  on  Lake  Troki.    P.  2191. 

Trombetas,  trom-bi'tis,  or  Oriximina,  o-re-she- 
mee'nS,,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near  the  frontiers  of  British 
Guiana,  flows  S.,  passes  the  town  of  Obidos,  and  falls  into 
the  Amazon. 

Tromoe,  tro'mo^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  close  to  the 
S.  coast,  opposite  Arendal.     Length,  8  miles. 

Tromsoe,  trom'so'^h,  a  town  of  Norway,  in  Finmark, 
on  the  island  of  Tromsoe,  opposite  the  island  of  Ilvaloe. 
Pop.  4073.  It  has  a  wooden  quay  and  a  custom-house, 
and  is  an  outport  of  Hammerfest. 

Tronchieunes,  triuo^she-finn',  or  Drongen,  drong'- 
H§n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  2  miles  W.  of 
Ghent,  on  the  Lys.     Pop.  4485. 

Trondhjem,  trond'yfim  (anc.  Nidaros  ;  L.  Nidroeia  ; 
Ger.  Drontheim,  dront'hime),  a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 
capital  of  Sondre  Trondhjem,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nid  in 
the  S.  side  of  the  Trondhjem-Fiord.  Lat.  (cathedral)  63° 
25'  N,;  Ion.  10"  23'  E.  It  possesses  strong  fortifications, 
both  on  the  mainland  and  on  the  island  of  Munkholm.  It 
has  spacious,  clean  streets,  with  water- cisterns  at  their  in- 
tersections. The  most  remarkable  edifices  and  establish- 
ments are  the  cathedral,  much  dilapidated  by  the  ravages 
of  early  barbarians  and  defaced  by  modern  renovations, 
but  still  venerable,  and  the  most  remarkable  ecclesiastical 
structure  in  the  kingdom ;  the  palace  of  the  old  Norwegian 
kings,  now  converted  into  a  military  and  naval  arsenal ;  a 
museum,  including  a  picture-gallery  and  a  library  with 
some  rare  manuscripts ;  a  workhouse,  asylums  for  the  aged 
and  deaf-mutes,  grammar-  and  other  schools,  exchange, 
bank,  a  court-house,  custom-house,  handsome  theatre,  &o. 
The  manufactures  include  excellent  capes,  hat-covers,  &o., 
of  goat-skin,  trinkets,  rifles,  and  beer.  The  building-yards 
fit  out  vessels  which  bear  a  high  name  for  their  sailing 
properties.  The  harbor  is  indifi'erent,  ifot  admitting  vessels 
which  draw  more  than  10  or  12  feet.     The  trade  consists 


chiefly  in  exports  of  timber,  dried  and  salted  fish,  tar,  and 
copper.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1891)  25,065. 

'1  rondluem,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  407. 

TrondtOem-Fiord,  Norway,  extends  from  the  At- 
lantic inland  for  80  miles,  and  at  its  N.  extremity  com- 
municates with  Beitstad-Fiord.  It  receives  the  Orkel,  Gual, 
Nid,  and  Stordal  Rivers. 

Tronto,  tron'to  (anc.  Truen'tua),  a  river  of  Central 
Italy,  rises  N.E.  of  Monte  Reale,  flows  N.  and  W.,  and 
enters  the  Adriatic  17  miles  E.  of  Ascoli.     Course,  64  miles. 

Trouzano,  tron-z&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
13  miles  W.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  2045. 

Troobchevsk,Troubtchev8k,orTrubtschev8k, 
troob-chSvsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  88  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Orel,  on  the  Desna.  Pop.  5451.  It  has  large 
salt-magazines,  a  manufactory  of  verdigris,  and  a  trade 
in  corn  and  flax. 

Troo^mon',  or  Taruman,  ti-roo^min',  a  town  of 
Sumatra,  on  its  W.  coast.     Lat.  2°  50'  N.;  Ion.  107"  20'  E. 

Troon,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  a 
small  bay  in  the  Irish  Channel,  7i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Kilmarnock.  Pop.  2790.  It  is  well  built,  and  much  fre- 
quented for  sea-bathing.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with  a 
pier,  ship-building  and  wet-docks,  and  a  light-house. 

Tropea,  tro-pi'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Monteleone,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of 
Santa  Eufemia.  Pop.  4646.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  a  fine  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  counterpanes  and 
blankets,  with  an  active  tunny-  and  anchovy-fishery. 

Troppau,  trop'p5w,  a  fortified  town,  capital  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  on  the  Oppa,  a  tributary  of  the  Oder,  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  16,608.  It  has  a  cathedral,  castle, 
town  hall,  theatre,  a  gymnasium  with  a  museum,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  soap,  leather, 
arms,  and  liqueurs. 

Trosachs,  tros'aks,  a  picturesque  valley  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Perth,  between  Lochs  Achray  and  Katrine.  It  is 
the  scene  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Lady  of  the  Lake." 

Trosberg,  tros'bfiRG,  or  Trostberg,  trost'bfiRo,  a 
town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  with  a  fortress,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Wasserburg.     Pop.  1252. 

Troskotowice,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Treskowitz. 

Trossingen,  tros'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Tuttlingen.     Pop.  2573. 

Trost'ville,  called  also  Frank'entrost,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles  E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It 
is  inhabited  by  Germans. 

Trot'ter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Trot'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Madison  township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Western  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is  also 
on  the  Dayton  &  Union  Railroad. 

Troublesome,  trtib'^l-som,  post-office,  Grand  co..  Col. 

Troublesome,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Troublesome  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
40°  18'  7"  N.,  Ion.  106°  14'  W.,  in  the  Middle  Park.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  11,500  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Troubtchevsk,  Russia.     See  Troobchevsk. 

Trough  (troff)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  oo., 
Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

'Troup,  troop,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Yellow  Jacket  and  other  creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is  abundant 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlanta  &  West 
Point  Railroad  and  the  Georgia  Southern  A  Florida  Rail- 
road. Capital,  La  Grange.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,632  j  in  1880, 
20,565  ;  in  1890,  20,723. 

Troup,  or  Troupe,  a  post-village  of  Smith  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Red  River  division  with  the  Northern  di- 
vision, 46  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Long- 
view,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Tyler.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.     Pop.  about  500. 

Troup  Factory,  a  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Qa., 
about  34  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  is  on  the  North  & 
South  Railroad  of  Georgia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton- 
factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Troupsburg,  troops'bilrg,  or  Troupsburg  Centre^ 
a  post-hamlet  in  Troupsburg  township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
100.  Here  is  Troupsburg  Post-Office.  The  township  haa 
7  cheese-factories.  Butter,  cheese,  and  lumber  are  iti 
staple  products.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2316. 


TRO 


2654 


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Trousdale,  trSws'dal,  the  smallest  county  of  Tennes- 
see. Area,  about  166  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Cumberland  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
tobacco,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Hartsville.  This  county  was  formed  in  1870  out  of  parts 
of  Sumner,  Wilson,  Macon,  and  Smith  cos.  Blue  limestone 
(Silurian)  is  abundant.    Pop.  in  1880,  6646 ;  in  1890,  5850. 

Trousdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from  Morrison.     Pop.  30. 

Trout  Brooic,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn. 

Trout  Brook,  a  post-bamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hancock  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Trout  Brook  Station.  It 
has  a  church.  Trout  Brook  Station  is  on  the  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Trout  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Burnett  co..  Wis. 

Trout  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Centreville. 

Trout  (trSwt)  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  a  branch 
of  Sinnemahoning  Creek,  in  Elk  co. 

Trout  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Trout  Creek,  a  mining-camp  of  Meagher  co.,  Mon- 
tana, near  the  Missouri  River,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Helena.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Trout  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Tompkins  township,  about  34  miles  E.  of  Binghamton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Trout'dale,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Trout  Hill,  W.  Va.    See  Wayne  Court-Hodse. 

Troutman's,  trowt'manz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  wagon-shop. 

Trout  (trSwt)  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Constable  township,  on  the  Canada  frontier,  12 
miles  N.  of  Malone.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Trout  River,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec, 
on  Trout  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Huntingdon.     Pop.  200. 

Trout  Run,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lewis  township,  on  Lycoming  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a 
church,  several  lumber-mills,  <fec. 

Trouts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Bonsacks.     It  has  a  church. 

Trout  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Troutville,  trSwt'vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brady  town- 
ship, Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Reynoldsville,  and 
about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churches. 

Trouty,  a  fishing-settlement  on  the  N.  side  of  Trinity 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Trinity.     Pop.  180. 

Trouville,  trooVeel',  or  Trouville-sur-Mer,  troo^- 
veel'-silR-maiR,  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Pont-rEvfique.  Pop.  5161.  It  has  sea- 
baths  which  are  much  frequented;  also  fine  villas. 

Trowbridge,  tro'brij,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Wilts,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chippenham,  connected  by  a 
branch  with  the  Great  Western  Railway.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  number  of  elementary  schools,  almshouses,  and 
other  charities,  and  manufactures  of  cassimeres,  kerseys, 
and  tweeds.     Pop.  11,508. 

Trowbridge,  tr5'brij,  a  township  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.     Pop.  1256. 

Trowbridge,  tro'brij,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  W.  of  Listowell.     Pop.  150. 

Trox'elville,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Adams  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Beavertown  Station,  and 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lewisburg.  It  has  3  churches  and 
2  planing-mills. 

Troy  (anc.  Tro'ja,  Tro'ia,  or  Il'ium ;  Gr.  Tpot'a),  a 
ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  rendered  famous  by  the  Iliad 
of  Homer.  Its  site  is  supposed  to  have  been  on  a  height 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Plain  of  Troy,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of 
the  entrance  of  the  Hellespont  from  the  ^gean  Sea,  close 
to  the  modern  village  of  Boonarbashee.  On  that  height  are 
still  some  vestiges  of  ancient  walls  and  cisterns,  and  around 
it  are  numerous  artificial  mounds.  Schliemann,  in  1871-75, 
made  extensive  explorations  at  Hissarlik,  near  Boonarbashee, 
and  found  many  remarkable  relics  of  a  prehistoric  town  ; 
but  antiquarians  do  not  altogether  accept  his  identification 

of  this  town  with  the  Homeric  Troy. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Tro'jan.  The  Plain  op  Troy,  between  the  above  site  and 
the  Hellespont,  is  about  10  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
greatest  width.  It  is  watered  by  three  rivers,  two  of  "which 
are  the  Simois  and  Scamander  of  antiquity. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  IJnion  Springs, 
and  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It. has  2  news- 
paper offices,  6  churches,  a  female  college,  2  high  schools, 
and  manufactures  of  farming-tools,  &o.     Pop.  (1890)  34491 


Troy,  a  post-office  of  Drew  co.,  Ark. 

Troy,  a  village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  about  27  miles  N. 
of  Atlanta. 

Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  on  Spoon  River, 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Galesburg.     It  has  1  or  2  mills. 

Troy,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  (1890)  826. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.     Pop.  918. 

Troy,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  600. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  3156. 

Troy,  a  post-village  in  Troy  township,  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  7  miles  below  Cannelton.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  pottery,  and  a  planing-mill.  Cannel  coal  is 
mined  near  it.  Pop.  480.  Troy  township  contains  larger 
villages,  named  Cannelton  and  Tell  City.     Pop.  6086. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  894. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  626. 

Troy,  a  post- village  in  Union  township,  Davis  co.,  Iowa, 
near  Chequest  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  cabinet-shop. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  939. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1057,  ex- 
clusive of  Albia. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  406. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Centre  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  <t  Denver  City  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  14 
miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  17  miles  N.  of  Atchison. 
It  has  2  churches,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  (1890)  730. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Reno  oo.,  Kansas.    Pop.  336. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  21  miles  S. 
of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  mill. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Troy  town- 
ship, 6  miles  from  Unity  Station,  and  28  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Bangor.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Troy,  a  station  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  k 
West  Michigan  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  is  near  New  Troy. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  township,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Detroit,  and  9  or  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1550. 

Troy,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Saratoga 
township,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Charles  Station,  and  about  28 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a 
machine-shop. 

Troy,  a  post-office  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Pontotoc. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Bedford  township,  near  the  Copper  River,  about  54  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  news- 
paper office,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  6 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  2 
carriage-shops.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  20  mile&  N  of 
Lincoln. 

Troy,  a  mining-camp  of  Nye  co.,  Nev.,  90  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Eureka. 

Troy,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Keene,  and  32  miles  N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  pottery,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  pails  and  tubs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  767. 

Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Morristown. 

Troy,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Poestenkill  Creek,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  naviga- 
tion, 6  miles  above  Albany,  and  151  miles  N.  of  New  York 
City.  Lat.  42°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  41'  W.  The  site  of  the 
city  is  mainly  an  alluvial  plain  which  extends  along  the 
river  about  3  miles  and  is  from  one-half  to  three-fourths 
of  a  mile  wide,  terminated  on  the  E.  side  by  a  range  of 
hills,  which  are  being  gradually  intersected  by  streets  and 
covered  with  buildings.  Mount  Ida,  rising  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  this  range,  commands  a  beautiful  and  exten- 
sive view  of  the  city  proper,  the  Hudson  River,  and 
the  neighboring  towns.  The  city  is  laid  out  with  much 
regularity,  and  is  handsomely  built.  Most  of  the  streeti 
are  60  feet  wide.  The  principal  business  streets  are  River 
street,  whose  general  direction  is  N.  and  S.,  following  tht 
curve  of  the  river,  and  Congress,  Hoosick,  Broadway,  Ful- 
ton, and  King  streets.  A  number  of  those  streets  which 
extend  parallel  with  the  general  direction  of  the  river  termi 


/ 


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2655 


TRS 


nate  at  their  N.  extremity  in  River  street, — a  circamstanoe 
which  imparts  variety  to  the  perspective,  and  increases  the 
facility  of  intercourse  between  that  street  and  other  parts 
of  the  city.  The  streets  are  generally  well  paved,  lighted 
with  gas  and  electricity,  and  bordered  witn  shaide-trees. 
The  iinest  residences  are  situated  on  First,  Second,  and 
Fifth  streets,  and  around  Seminary  and  Washington  Parks. 
Among  the  public  buildings  worthy  of  notice  are  the  Troy 
savings-bank  building,  including  a  fine  music-hall,  and 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $500,000,  the  Episcopal  churches  of  the 
Holy  Cross  and  St.  Paul,  both  of  blue  limestone,  St.  John's, 
of  brown  sandstone,  and  the  Troy  Times  building,  of  iron 
and  glass.  Troy  contains  50  churches,  a  fine  masonic  tem- 
ple, a  high  school,  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute, 
the  Emma  Willard  Female  Seminary  (to  which  Hon.  Rus- 
sell Sage  has  recently  presented  a  $100,000  building  and 
the  late  Mr.  G.  V.  S.  Quackenbush  a  $50,000  structure), 
several  academies,  8  national  banks,  a  new  city  hall,  a 
Catholic  theological  seminary,  the  Marshall  Infirmary,  the 
Troy  Hospital,  2  orphan  asylums,  and  a  public  library. 
Four  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Two  bridges  cross  the  river  here  and  connect  Troy  with 
West  Troy,  where  the  Watervliet  Arsenal  is  located. 

This  city  has  important  manufactures  of  iron,  Bessemer 
steel,  cotton  goods,  railroad-cars,  stoves,  machinery,  boilers, 
bells,  stone-ware,  nails,  axles,  steam-engines,  Ac.  It  has 
blast-furnaces,  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  horseshoe-  and 
nail-factories,  rolling-mills,  paper-mills,  breweries,  distil- 
leries, flour-mills,  carriage-factories,  about  40  shirt-  and 
collar-factories,  employing  nearly  6000  hands,  and  a  supe- 
rior establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  mathematical  in- 
struments. Troy  is  favorably  situated  for  commerce,  being 
near  a  terminus  of  the  Champlain  and  Erie  Canals.  It 
is  traversed  by  electric  railways,  and  connected  by  simi- 
lar railroads  with  Lansingburg,  Waterford,  and  Cohoes. 
Steamboats  ply  daily  between  Troy  and  New  York  and 
Troy  and  Albany,  except  in  winter.  Its  trade  is  also  facili- 
tated by  several  important  steam  railroads.  A  portion  of 
the  5th  ward  of  this  city  is  sometimes  called  Albia,  where 
is  a  manufactory  of  hosiery.  Troy  was  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1816.  Pop.  in  1850,  28,785;  in  1860,  39,235;  in 
1870,  46,421;  in  1880,  56,747;  in  1890,  60,956. 

Troy,  a  post-town  of  North  Carolina,  capital  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charlotte.  It  has 
a  church,  several  stores,  and  an  academy.  Pop.  in  1880, 
855;  in  1890,  1389. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  757. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1830. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  800. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.     Pop.  832. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miami  co,,  0.,  in  Con- 
cord township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  River, 
and  on  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan  Railroad  and  the  Miami 
Canal,  8  miles  S.  of  Piqua,  20  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  and  68 
miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  fine 
city  hall,  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2 
newspaper  ofiices,  a  high  school,  many  flour-mills,  a  foun- 
dry, a  machine-shop,  and  large  spring-wagon-  and  wheel- 
works.  The  Miami  River  is  a  rapid  stream,  which  here 
affords  extensive  hydraulic  power  and  flows  through  a  beau- 
tiful and  fertile  valley.  The  village  has  a  large  trade  in 
grain,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880.  3803;  in  1890",  4494. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  696. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  830. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1057. 

Troy,  a  post-borough  in  Troy  township,  Bradford  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.,  and  about  18  miles  W.  of 
Towanda.  It  contains  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  hotel,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  flour-mills,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  and 
manufactories  of  ploughs,  stoves,  and  farming-implements. 
Large  quantities  of  excellent  butter  are  exported  from  Troy. 
Pop.  in  1880.  1241;  in  1890,  1307. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  938.  It 
contains  Troy  Centre. 

Troy,  a  village  in  Clover  township,  Jeff'erson  co..  Pa., 
on  Rod  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
about  600.     The  name  of  its  post-ofiice  is  Summerville. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson,  and  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Troy 
Station  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  3i  miles  W. 
of  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 4  churches,  the  Obion  College,  a  newspaper  oflBce, 
»nd  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  500.  , 

Troy,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.    See  Elm  Crebk. 


Troy,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  ir  Troy  town- 
ship, on  the  Missisquoi  River,  about  12  miles  W.  of  New- 
port, and  38  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Albans.  The  township 
has  4  charohes,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  leather,  starch, 
and  iron.  It  contains  a  village  named  North  Troy.  Th« 
Missisquoi  River  forms  in  Troy  two  cataracts,  each  abont 
70  feet  high.    Pop.  of  township  in  1880, 1522;  in  1890, 1673. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  oo.,  W.  Va.,  aboat  86 
miles  S.W.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Troy,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  916. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1052. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  township,  Walworth  ec. 
Wis.,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1011. 

Troy,  Kent  co,,  Ontario.    See  Fairfield. 

Troy,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  7  milet 
N.E.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  100. 

Troy'burg,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Troy  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 

Troy  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co,,  Pa., 
about  16  miles  E.  of  Meadville,     It  has  a  church, 

Troy  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  township,  Wal- 
worth CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Elkhorn. 

Troyes,  trw4  (anc.  Augvstoho'na,  afterwards  Tricat'- 
sm),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aabe, 
100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
railway,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine.  Lat,  48°  18'  N, ; 
Ion.  4°  5'  E.  Pop.  46,972.  Troyes  was  the  capital  of  the 
old  province  of  Champagne.  It  is  partly  surrounded  by 
the  Seine,  which,  being  drawn  off  by  numerous  channels, 
both  supplies  it  with  water-power  and  contributes  to  its 
cleanliness.  Many  of  the  streets  are  narrow  and  irregular 
and  lined  with  antiquated  houses,  but  these  are  giving  way 
to  others  of  modern  construction,  and  some  quarters  have 
a  handsome  appearance.  The  old  ramparts  have  been 
thrown  down,  and  their  site  is  now  occupied  by  fine  prom- 
enades. The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  founded 
about  1208,  a  splendid  specimen  of  florid  Gothic,  374  feet 
long  and  96  feet  high,  with  a  nave  composed  of  5  aisles, 
and  beautiful  patterns  of  the  richest  stained  glass;  the 
church  of  St.  Urbain,  regarded  as  a  model  of  light,  airy 
Gothic ;  the  church  of  St.  John,  where  the  marriage  of 
Henry  V.  of  England  was  celebrated ;  the  church  of  Ste. 
Madeleine,  with  a  stone  rood-loft  of  great  beauty;  the  hfitel- 
de-ville ;  the  prefecture,  occupying  part  of  the  buildings 
of  an  ancient  abbey ;  the  hospital,  museum,  palais  de  justice, 
and  a  public  library  of  110,000  volumes.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  of  commerce, 
and  possesses  a  chamber  of  commerce,  diocesan  seminary, 
ecclesiastical  school,  communal  college,  and  a  society  of 
agriculture.  Troyes  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton 
hosiery,  cotton  cloths,  bombazines,  moleskin,  calico,  ticks, 
woollen  cloth,  woollen  covers,  gloves,  lace,  soap,  starch, 
Ac.  There  are  also  numerous  worsted-  and  cotton-mills, 
oil-works,  breweries,  tanneries,  nurseries,  bleach-fields,  and 
fulling-  and  paper-mills.  It  carries  on  an  important  trade, 
chiefly  in  grain,  wine,  brandy,  colonial  produce,  sausages, 
hemp,  wax,  wool,  wood,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  Ac.  In  889,  Troyes 
was  burned  by  the  Normans;  and  in  1415  it  was  seized  by 
the  Duke  of  Burgundy.  In  1814,  during  the  last  strag- 
gles of  Napoleon  previous  to  his  abdication,  it  was  his  head- 
quarters, and  suffered  severely,  having  been  twice  taken  by 
the  allies  and  once  by  the  French. 

Troy  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Obion  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Dyersburg. 

Troy  (Jrove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  Grove  township. 
La  Salle  co..  111.,  6  or  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mendota,  and 
nearly  2  miles  E.  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  The 
township  has  a  pop.  of  1501. 

Troy  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Spring 
Grove  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  22  miles 
N.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
stone-quarry. 

Troy  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Kirksville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Troy's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Troy  Station,  a  village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  tfie 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Padacah 
A  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Union  City,  and  60 
miles  N.  of  Jackson. 

Troy'ville,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La. 

Troyville,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C, 

Trschemesno,  tr'sh&-mish'no,  writteiv  also  Trze* 


TRS 


2656 


TRU 


meszno,  tzhi-mSzh'no,  and  Tremessen,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  between  two  lakes,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Posen.  Pop. 
4300. 

Trsztenna)  trshtSn'ni,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Arva  River,  co,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Arva.     Pop.  2033. 

Tru'ax,  a  post-oflBce  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis. 

Trub)  tr65b,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  20 
miles  E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  of  parish,  2700. 

Triibaa,  trii'bSw,  or  Bohmisch-Tribau,  bo'mish- 
tree'bSw,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Leitomisohl.  Pop.  5141.  See  also  Mah- 
iiisch-TrUbau. 

Trubtschevsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Troobchevsk. 

Truccazzano,  troo-kit-s3,'no,  a  village  of  Northern 
[taly,  10  miles  from  Milan.     Pop.  1913. 

Truckee,  truk-ee',  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
on  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  119 
miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento  City,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Reno, 
Nev.  It  is  near  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  is  surrounded  by 
grand  scenery.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  nu- 
merous saw-mills,  a  banking-house,  and  some  repair-shops 
of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  1147  ;  in  1890,  1350. 

Truckee  River  rises  in  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  and  is  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Tahoe,  which  is  at  an  altitude  of  about  6000 
feet.  It  runs  nearly  northward,  passes  into  the  state  of 
Nevada,  and  intersects  Washoe  co.  Its  general  direction  is 
N.N.E.  It  enters  Pyramid  Lake  in  Roop  CO.  It  is  nearly 
125  miles  long,  is  pure  water,  and  abounds  in  trout. 

Trucks'ville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  4 
miles  from  Kingston,  and  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Trud'der,  a  hamlet  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Nooksachk  River,  i  mile  from  a  steamboat-landing,  and 
about  4  miles  from  Bellingham  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Tru'dell,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 

Truentus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tuonto. 

Truesdell)  truz'd^l,  a  post-office  of  Kenosha  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  32  miles 
S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Truesville,  truz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Owen  oo.,  Ky. 

Trueyre,  a  river  of  France.    See  TruySre. 

Tru'fant,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  8^  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Howard  City.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Tru'itt's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  <fc  North  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cloverdale. 

Tru'ittsburg,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co..  Pa. 

TrujillOy  or  Truxillo,  troo-Heel'yo  (anc.  Tur'ria 
Ju'lia),  a  city  of  Spain,  province  of  Caceres,  130  miles 
S.W.  of  Madrid.  It  is  a  dull,  miserable  place,  yet  some  of 
the  dilapidated  houses  mark  the  former  opulence  of  those 
adventurers  who  returned  here  laden  with  the  spoil  of 
Peru.  The  upper  and  more  ancient  portion  of  the  city, 
where  the  streets  are  cut  out  of  granite,  and  once  the  seat 
of  the  aristocracy  and  the  garrison,  is  now  abandoned,  and 
used  as  a  burying-place,  the  people  of  Trujillo  preferring 
the  lower  and  more  convenient  site  of  the  under  town,  or 
Ciudad.  At  the  N.  end  stands  a  fortress,  originally  Roman, 
with  flanking  towers  of  granite ;  this  castle  has  been  much 
added  to  in  modern  times.  Trujillo  possesses  a  town  house, 
archives,  granary,  hospital,  a  theatre,  a  bull-ring,  and  sev- 
eral schools  and  churches.  It  has  potteries,  chocolate- 
works,  flour-mills,  and  noted  fairs.  Trujillo  was  wrested 
in  1233  from  the  Saracens.     Pop.  4977. 

Triyillo,  or  Trujcillo,  a  seaport  town  of  Honduras, 
yn  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Lat.  (of  port)  15°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
59'  W.  Pop.,  with  adjacent  hamlets,  4000.  Its  harbor,  on 
the  Bay  of  Trujillo,  is  defended  by  several  forts.  Principal 
export,  mahogany. 

Tnvjillo,  or  Truxillo,  troo-Heel'yo,  a  town  of  North 
Peru,  capital  of  the  department  of  Libertad,  in  the  midst 
of  the  valley  of  Chimu,  about  li  miles  E.  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Lat.  8°  7'  30"  S.:  Ion.  79°  9'  W.  It  occupies  the 
S.W.  side  of  a  granite  mountain,  is  surrounded  by  a  kind 
of  mud  wall,  flanked  with  bastions,  consists  of  regular 
streets,  containing  a  number  of  good  houses,  built  of  brick, 
but  generally  low,  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral and  several  other  large  churches,  a  college,  hospital, 
and  theatre.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Salaverry.  At 
Huanchaco,  which,  though  8  or  9  miles  N.W.,  is  the  port, 
a  considerable  export  takes  place,  chiefly  of  rice  and  spice. 
In  the  vicinity  of  the  town  a  vast  space  is  covered  by 
tumuli  and  other  ancient  Peruvian  remains.  Trujillo  was 
founded  in  1535  by  Pizarro,  who  gave  it  the  name  of  his 
native  town  in  Spain.     Pop.  about  8000. 


Triyillo,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Trujillo,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Barquesimeto.     Pop.  2698. 

Triuillo,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  bounded  W.  in  part  by 
Lake  Maracaybo.  Area,  4328  square  miles.  It  is  in  part 
mountainous,  with  a  good  climate  and  a  fruitful  soil. 
Capital,  Trujillo.     Pop.  108,672. 

Triillikon,  trii'le-kon\  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  N.N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1413. 

Tru'man,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas. 

Tru'mansburg,  a  post-village  in  Ulysses  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Rail- 
road,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Cayuga 
Lake.  It  contains  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  fine  hotels,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  mowers,  steam 
ploughs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1376  ;  in  1890,  1211. 

Tru'mansburg  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  3  miles  from  Trumansburg.  It  has 
2  warehouses. 

Trum'banrs villa,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Norristown.  It  has  an 
academy  and  several  cigar-factories. 

Trum'bull,  a  northeastern  county  of  Ohio,  bordering 
on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  625  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Mahoning  and  Grand  Rivers,  and  by  Pyma- 
tuning.  Meander,  and  Mosquito  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating.  The  soil  is  uniformly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pas- 
turage and  dairy-farming.  Butter,  cheese,  hay,  oats,  flax, 
wool,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products,  the 
county  producing,  according  to  the  census,  more  cheese  and 
more  flax  than  any  other  county  of  Ohio.  Forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  elm,  sugar-maple,  beech,  Ac,  cover  nearly  one- 
fourth  of  the  surface.  Among  its  minerals  are  bituminous 
coal,  petroleum,  and  iron  ore.  It  has  also  quarries  of 
Berea  grit,  good  for  grindstones.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  the  Ashtabula,  Youngs- 
town  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  the  Mahoning  division  of 
the  first-named  railroad.  Capital,  Warren.  Pop.  in  1870, 
38,659,-  in  1880,  4-1,880;  in  1890.  42,37."}. 

Trumbull,  a  post-township  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
contains  6  churches  aud  3  paper-mills.     Pop.  1335. 

Trumbull,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  oo.,  III.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad  (now  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville), 4  miles  W.  of  Carmi. 

Trumbull,  a  post-hamlet  in  Trumbull  township,  Ash- 
tabula CO.,  0.,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1084. 

Trumbull  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newfield  town- 
ship,  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Trumello,  troo-mfil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Pavia,  on  the  Terdoppio,  with  an  oratory,  a  monte-de-pietd, 
and  a  small  hospital.     Pop.  2896. 

Trump  Island,  in  the  district  of  Twillingato  and 
Fogo,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Twillingate.  It  contains 
copper-mines. 

'Trundle's  (triin'd^lz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of 
Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Trunk'eyville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Forest  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  A  Bufiialo  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  9i  miles  N.  of  Tionesta. 

Tru'ro,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Falmouth,  on  the  rivers  Allen  and  Kenwyn, 
which  unite  to  form  the  river  Truro,  that  opens  into  Fal- 
mouth harbor.  Pop.  11,049.  The  town  is  the  largest  in 
the  county,  its  prosperity  partly  owing  to  its  being  the 
centre  of  an  important  manufacturing  district  and  a  prin- 
cipal stannary  town.  Chief  edifices,  St.  Mary's  church, 
various  chapels,  a  town  hall,  coinage-hall,  custom-house, 
county  infirmary,  lying-in  institution,  barracks,  theatre, 
workhouse,  museum,  grammar-school,  mining  college,  and 
a  royal  institution  for  science  and  literature.  Vessels  of 
100  tons  come  up  to  its  quays.  Imports,  chiefly  coal,  tim- 
ber, and  articles  required  in  mining  operations.  Exports, 
tin,  copper,  paper,  carpeting,  pottery-ware,  and  pilchard 
oil.  The  borough  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    In  1877  it  became  a  bishop's  see. 

Tru'ro,  a  post-township  of  Knox  co..  111.,  about  16 
miles  E.  of  Galesburg.     Pop.  899. 

Truro,  a  post-village  in  Truro  township,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  1  mile  E.  of  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road. It  is  about  60  miles  by  water,  or  110  miles  by  rail- 
road, E.S.E.  of  Boston.  The  township  is  a  part  of  the 
narrow  peninsula  called  Cape  Cod,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  navigation  and  the  fisheries.     Pop.  in  1890,  919. 


TRU 


2657 


TSO 


Truro,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  0,     Pop.  1866. 

Tru'ro,  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  Colchester 
00.,  2  miles  above  the  head  of  Cobequid  Bay,  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  61  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Halifax,  and  215 
miles  E.  of  St.  John.  It  is  one  of  the  prettiest  towns  in 
the  province,  and  contains  the  county  buildings,  several 
churches  and  hotels,  a  branch  bank,  the  Provincial  normal 
and  model  schools,  and  manufactories  of  engines,  iron 
castings,  axles,  machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  lasts  and  pegs, 
hats,  leather,  wooden-ware,  woollens,  Ac.     Pop.  2500. 

Truss'ville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  14^  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  woollen- 
factory,  Ac.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Trutnow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Trautenau. 

Truxillo,  Spain  and  Spanish  America.    See  Trujillo. 

Trnx'tou,  a  post-office  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  about  24 
miles  S.  of  Sterling. 

Truxton,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Pendleton  Station,  and  about  64  miles  W.N.W.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Trnxton,  a  post-village  in  Truxton  township,  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Tioghnioga  River, 
and  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Syracuse,  and  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  cheese- 
fantory,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.  Butter  and  cheese 
are  its  staple  products.     Pop.  314 ;  of  the  township,  1468. 

Truy^re,  or  Trueyre,  trii^yaiR',  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  the  C^vennes,  department  of  LozSre,  and  joins  the 
Lot  at  Entraigues.     Total  course,  81  miles. 

Try'an,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala. 

Try^gil'io,  a  post-office  of  Oldham  co.,  Tex. 

Try'on,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  640. 

Try'on,aseaportof  Prince  Edward  Island,  co.  of  Queens, 
on  the  S.  coast,  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay,  in  lat.  46°  17' 
N.,  Ion.  63°  38'  W. 

Tryon  City,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C,  in  Tryon 
township,  on  the  Spartanburg  <fc  Asheville  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  Tryon  Mountain,  in  the  vicinity, 
rises  about  4800  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Tryon  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Prince  oo..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  24  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Tryon  Factory,  Georgia.    See  Trion  Factory. 

Try'on ville,  a  post-village  in  Steuben  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville 
<fc  Buffalo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
wagons,  and  wooden  bowls. 

Try'sil,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  N.  D. 

Trzcianka,  or  Trzianka.    See  Schonlanke. 

Trzebiczke,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Trebitsch. 

Trzebochowice,  Bohemia.    See  Hohbnbruck. 

Trzemeszno,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Trschemesno. 

Tsad,  a  lake  of  Central  Africa.     See  Chad. 

Tsadda,  a  river  of  Central  Africa.     See  Bendwe. 

Tsainpaynago,  tsim-pi-ni'go,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on 
the  Irrawaddy,  76  miles  N.  of  Ava. 

Tsana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.     See  Dembea. 

Tsang,  the  Chinese  name  for  Thibet. 

Tsanta,  tsinHi',  a  fortified  city  of  China,  in  Yun-Nan, 
near  the  Burmese  frontier,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Bhamo. 

Tsao-Tchoo,  or  Tsao-Tchou,  tsi^o-choo',  a  town 
of  Chinaj  in  Shan-Toong,  140  miles  S.W.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Tsarevokokshaisk,  or  Tzarevokokshaisk,  ts&- 
ri-vo-kok-shisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  72 
miles  N.W.  of  Kazan.     Pop.  1124. 

Tsarevosantchoorsk,  or  Tzarevosantchursk, 
tsi-ri-vo-sint-choorsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Viatka,  33  miles  S.AV.  of  Yaransk.     Pop.  992. 

Tsaritsin,  Tzaritziu,  or  Zaritzyn,  tsi-rit-sin',  a 
fortified  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Saratov,  on  the 
Volga,  110  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kamishin.  It  was  formerly  an 
important  station  of  defence,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  min- 
eral waters.     Pop.  31,216. 

Tsarskoe-Selo,  or  Tzarskoe-Selo,  tsans'ko-i- 
sA,'lo,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  17  miles  S.  of  St. 
Petersburg  by  railway,  capital  of  a  circle.  Pop.  14,465.  It 
hiis  a  college,  a  military  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
pets, but  is  chiefly  noted  for  a  summer  residence  of  the  em- 
peror, built  and  furnished  in  a  style  of  great  magnificence. 
Tsatsak,  a  town  of  Servia.  See  Csatsak. 
Tsa-Ynen,  tsi-yoo-4n',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Che-Kiang,  S.W.  of  Hang-Chow-Foo.  It  is  a  large  and 
important  place,  and  has  opposite  to  it  a  curiously-shaped 
hill,  composed  chiefly  of  granite  of  a  beautiful  green  color, 
which  is  much  prized  b;  the  Chinese. 


Tschartorisk,  or  Czartorysk,  chaR-to-risk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Styr,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Lootsk.     Pop.  2800. 

Tscheben,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Czebe. 

Tscheboksary,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Cheboksari. 

Tscheljabinsk,  Russia.    See  Cheliabinsk. 

Tschemkend,  or  Chemkend,  ch£m-kind',  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Syr-Darya,  75  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Tashkend.     Pop.  5422. 

Tschenkowitz,  tskdn'ko-^its,  a  village  of  Bohemia. 
E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  1570. 

Tscherikov,  or  Tschirikow.    See  Cherikov. 

Tscherkassy,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherkasee. 

Tschernembel,  tsh^R'ndm-bil,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Carniola,  16  miles  S,  of  Neustadtl.  Pop.  1300.  (For  other 
names  sometimes  spelt  with  Tsch,  refer  to  Ch,  Tch,  or  Cz.) 

Tschernigofl,  or  Tschernigow.    See  Cherniooy 

Tschernowitz,  Austria.     See  Czernowitz. 

Tschou,  a  town  of  West  Africa.     See  Tchow. 

Tschulim,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Choolim. 

Tsee-Nan,  or  Tsi-Nan,  tsee^nin',  a  city  of  China, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ta-Tsin  River,  100  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee. 
It  is  large,  populous,  and  venerated  as  the  residence  of  a 
former  dynasty.  It  has  manufactures  of  gray  silks  and 
glass-wares.    Pop.  400,000. 

Tse-Kee,  or  Tse-Ki,  tsi^kee',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Tsepel,  a  river-island  of  Hungary.     See  Csepel. 

Tse-Tchoo,  or  Tse-Tchou,  tsi'choo',  a  city  of 
China,  in  Shan-See,  40  miles  N.  of  the  Hoang-Ho. 

Tsiekhanovets,  Russia.     See  Ciechanowiec. 

Tsien-Kiang,  tse-6n'ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Se-Chuen,  tributary  to  the  Kia-Ling. 

Tsien-Tang-Kiang,  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
Che-Kiang,  joins  the  sea  by  a  wide  estuary  E.  of  the  city 
of  Hang-Chovv-Foo. 

Tsikugo-GaAva,  tse-koo'go-gaw'wi  (?),  a  river  of 
Japan,  the  largest  in  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  rises  in 
the  mountains  on  the  AV.  side  of  Bungo,  flows  through  the 
province  of  Tsikugo,  and,  after  receiving  many  rivulets, 
forms  two  mouths  as  it  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Simabara,  near 
the  town  of  Saga,  in  lat.  33°  10'  N. 

Tsiknzen,  tse-koo-zSn'  (?),  a  province  of  Japan,  occu- 
pying the  N.E.  portion  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  and 
comprising  about  66  islands  and  islets. 

Tsiua,  an  ancient  name  of  China.  See  Chinese  Empire. 

Tsing-Hai,  Chinese  Empire.     See  Koko-Nor. 

Tsin-Tchoo,  or  Tsin-Tchou,  tsin^choo',  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  65  miles  W.  of  Oo- 
Tchoo,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Hong-Kiang. 

Tsin-Tchoo,  or  Tsin-Tchou,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Shan-Toong,  80  miles  E.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Tsitsikar,  tsit-se-kar',  a  town  of  Manchooria,  near  the 
border  of  Mongolia,  on  the  Nonni  (or  Non)  River,  240  miles 
S.W.  of  Saghalin-Oola. 

Tsiuen-Tchoo  (or  -Tchou).    See  Chinchew. 

Tsivilsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Tzivilsk. 

Tso-Mapham,  Thibet.     See  Manasarowar. 

Tsong- Gan -Hieu,  tsong*gin^he-4n',  a  town  ot 
China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Min. 
Lat.  27°  47'  38"  N.;  Ion.  118°  15'  E.  Its  staple  trade  is 
black  tea.  Throughout  the  town  are  large  tea-hongs, 
where  the  teas  are  sorted  and  packed  for  foreign  markets, 
and  many  tea-merchants  from  Canton  and  all  parts  of  China 
come  here  to  make  purchases.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Tsong-Ming,  an  island  of  China.     See  Tsung-Mixq. 

Tsoogar,  a  strait  of  Japan.    See  Sanoar. 

Tsookasaki,  or  Tsnkasaki,  tsoo^ki-s&'kee,  a  small 
town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  near  Uresino,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  three  high  mountains  called  Sansaka.  It 
is  much  frequented  by  invalids  on  account  of  its  hot  bath» 
of  the  temperature  of  121°  Fahr. 

Tsoorooga,  or  Tsuruga,  tsoo-roo'gi,  a  town  of 
Japan,  on  the  Bay  of  Tsoorooga,  and  on  the  W.  side  of 
Hondo,  200  miles  W.  of  Tokio.  It  has  a  good  port,  and 
exports  lime,  granite,  and  the  manufactured  goods  and 
agricultural  products  of  a  large  district.     Pop.  20,000. 

Tsoosima,  or  Tsusima,  tsoo-Bee'm&,  an  island  of 
Japan,  in  the  Strait  of  Corea.  Lat.  (of  N.  extremity)  34° 
40'  N.;  Ion.  129°  29'  E.  Length,  45  miles;  breadth,  12 
miles.     Surface  mountainous  and  rugged. 

Tsootsi-Yamina,  or  Tsutsi-Yamma,  tsoot^see- 
yim'mi,  and  Tsoova  (Tsuva),  tsoo'vi,  two  small  islands 
of  Japan. 

Tsoo-Yung,  or  Tsu-Yung,  tsoo'yiing',  a  city  of 
China,  province  and  70  miles  W.  of  Yun-Nan. 


TSO 


2658 


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Tsonnonthonan,  tsoo-non-thoo-an',  or  Great 
Mountain,  a  mountain  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  river 
Jaoques-Cartier,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Quebec.  It  forms 
the  southern  angle  of  the  Laurentian  Range  of  mountains, 
which  extend  from  Labrador  to  Hudson's  Bay,  Its  eleva- 
tion is  about  2000  feet. 

Tsour,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Soor. 

Tsugar,  a  strait  of  Japan.     See  Sangar. 

Tsukasaki,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Tsookasaki. 

Tsung-Liing,  Asia,    See  Karakorum  Mountains. 

Tsung-Ming,  tsung^ming',  an  island  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Kiang-Soo,  off  the  E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang.  Its  E.  extremity  is  in  lat.  31°  28'  N,, 
Ion,  121°  61'  E.  Length,  36  miles;  breadth,  10  miles.  On 
its  S,  coast  is  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Tsun-Hoa,  tsun^ho-i',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Peking. 

Tsun- Y,  tsun^ee',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Koei- 
Choo,  70  miles  N.  of  Koei-Yang. 

Tsu-Yung,  a  city  of  China.     See  Tsoo-Ydng. 

Tsyosien,  the  Chinese  name  of  Corea. 

Tsypa,  or  Tzipa,  tsip'i,  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Irkootsk,  joins  the  Vitim  after  a  N.E.  course  of 
230  miles. 

Tua^  too'i,  a  river  of  Portugal,  province  of  Tras-os- 
Montes,  joins  the  Douro  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Tualatin,  or  Tualitin,  twal'^-tin,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Washington  co.,  Oregon,  near  the  Tualatin  River. 

Tualatin  River,  Oregon,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Washington  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Willamette 
in  Clackamas  co,,  near  Oregon  City,     Length,  75  miles, 

Tu'am,  an  episcopal  town  of  Ireland,  oo,  and  19  miles 
N,N.E.  of  Galway,  on  the  Clare,  Lat,  53°  30'  N, ;  Ion,  8° 
60'  W.  Pop.  of  town,  4223.  It  consists  of  5  principal 
Streets  and  a  market-place,  and  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  cathedrals,  an  episcopal  palace  (Anglican),  an 
arohiepiscopal  palace  (Roman  Catholic),  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic college,  diocesan  schools,  a  court-house,  bridewell,  work- 
house, barracks,  market-house,  reading-  and  assembly- 
rooms,  ruins  of  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  linen  and 
canvas. 

Tu'am,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Nottawasaga  River,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bradford.  It  con- 
tains a  distillery,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  180. 

Tuariks,  a  people  of  Africa.     See  Tooareeks. 

Tuat,  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa.     See  Tooat. 

Tua-Tien,  a  town  of  Anam.    See  Hu£. 

Tubac,  too-bak',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona, 
60  miles  S.  of  Tucson.  It  has  a  church.  It  is  a  very  old 
Jesuit  mission. 

Tubai,  too-bi',  and  Tnbnai-Mann,  too-boo-i'-m&- 
noo',  two  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Tubal,  too-B&l',  a  river  of  Chili,  which  has  its  mouth 
in  the  Pacific,  close  to  the  Bay  of  Arauco.  Lat.  37°  14'  25" 
S.  It  was  once  navigable  for  nearly  a  mile,  but  an  earth- 
quake in  1835  so  raised  the  bar  that  it  is  now  accessible 
only  to  small  boats. 

Tubariyeh,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Tabareeyeh. 

Tubberan,toob-b4-rin',  atownof  Persia,  province  and 
100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kerman. 

Tnbbus,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Tabas. 

Tubet,  a  region  of  Asia.     See  Thibet. 

rtibingen,  tU'bing-§n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  Black 
Forest,  on  the  Neokar,  at  the  influx  of  the  Ammer,  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Lat.  48°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  4'  E.  Its 
celebrated  university,  which  had  among  its  earliest  pro- 
fessors the  Reformers  Melanchthon  and  Reuchlin,  is  seated 
in  the  ancient  castle  of  the  counts-palatine,  and  has  an 
observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history, 
and  a  library  of  200,000  volumes.  The  town  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth  and  gunpowder.    Pop.  (1890)  13,273. 

Tubize,  tii^beez',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant, 
on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2803. 

Tucacas,  too-ki'kis,  a  seaport  of  Venezuela,  on  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  state  of  Falcon,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Puerto 
Cal»ello.    A  railway  extends  hence  70  miles  S.W.  to  Aroa. 

Tucauo,  too-k^'no,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia, 
8  miles  from  the  river  Itapicuru.     Pop.  1200. 

Tucapel,  a  river  of  Chili.     See  Laxa. 

Tnchel,  tSS'K^l,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  15  miles  S.B. 
»f  Konitz.     Pop.  2780. 

Tuck,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tak. 

Tnckahoe,  tuk^a-ho',  a  post-village  in  Upper  town- 
ship. Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  on  both  sides  of  Tuckahoe  Creek, 
about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Atlantic  City,  and  11  miles  S.  of 
May's  Landing.     It  has  2  churches. 


Tuckahoe,  a  post- village  in  East  Chester  township, 
Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y. 
Marble  is  quarried  here.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  rubber  goods. 

Tuckahoe,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  N.C. 

Tuckahoe  Creek,  Maryland,  rises  in  Queen  Anne 
CO.,  runs  southward,  forms  the  AV.  boundary  of  Carroll  co., 
and  enters  the  Choptank  River  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Denton. 

Tuckahoe  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  southward  and 
eastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Atlantic  and  Cape 
May  COS.,  and  enters  Great  Egg  Harbor  Bay. 

Tuckalee'chee  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.. 
Tenn.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Knoxville. 

Tuckasegee,  tuk-a-see'ghee,  a  station  of  the  Caro- 
lina Central  Railroad.     See  Woodlawn. 

Tuck'er,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Cheat  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges 
of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  thie  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar-maple,  Ac. 
The  valleys  produce  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pasture.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  West  Virginia  Central  &  Pitts- 
burg Railway.  Capital,  St.  George.  Pop.  in  1870,  1907; 
in  1880,  3151;  in  1890,  6459. 

Tucker,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kankakee  oo..  III., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Kankakee. 

Tuck'erman,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newport. 

Tucker's  Beach,  N.J.    See  Tucker's  Island. 

Tuck'ersburg,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  East  Alabama  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  10  miles 
N.  of  Opelika. 

Tuck'er's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson 
CO.,  Tenn. 

Tucker's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Tucker's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Tucker's  Island,  a  low  coral  island,  covered  with 
cocoa-nut  trees,  in  the  North  Pacific.  Lat.  7°  22'  N. ;  Ion. 
146°  48'  E.     Pop.  350. 

Tucker's  Island,  or  Tucker's  Beach,  is  on  the 
inlet  to  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  N.J. 

Tucker's  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Tuck'erton,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  on  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  at  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  Tuokerton  Railroad,  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Atlantic  City.  It  has  3  churches,  3  or  4  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  fish  oil  and  guano.  The  shipping  of  the  dis- 
trict amounts  to  about  8000  tons.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Tuckerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River  and  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad. 
5  miles  N.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  church. 

Tuck'erville,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Tucovia,  too-ko've-4,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  12°  16'  S.;  Ion.  168°  42'  E. 

Tucson,  too-son'  or  tuk-s5n',  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  Rio  Santa  Cruz,  and  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  250  miles  E.  of  Yuma. 
Founded  in  1560  by  Jesuits.  It  contains  a  church,  the 
Institute  of  St.  Joseph,  2  free  schools,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  court-house,  a  United  States  depository,  many 
stores,  and  2  flour-mills.  Gold-dust,  hides,  and  wool  are 
its  chief  exports.  It  was  the  capital  of  Arizona  ffom  1867 
to  1877.     Pop.  in  1880,  7007  ;  in  1890,  6150. 

Tucuman,  too-koo-min',  a  province  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  between  lat.  26°  and  27°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  62°  and 
66°  W.,  having  E.  the  Gran  Chaco,  and  on  other  sides  the 
departments  of  SalUi,  Catamarca,  and  Santiago.  Area, 
12,226  square  miles.  The  surfncc  in  the  AV.  is  mountainous 
and  covered  with  forests  of  lofty  trees  and  fine  pastures. 
Its  centre  is  one  of  the  richest  ))arts  of  the  republic,  yield- 
ing fine  crops  of  wheat,  maize,  rice,  tobacco,  and  sugar. 
Many  mules  are  exported,  and  the  cattle  are  of  good  breeds. 
The  province  contains  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  and 
lead ;  the  other  products  are  cacao,  cotton,  indigo,  honey, 
wax,  dye-woods,  salt  from  mines  and  lakes,  and  a  little 
wine.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  cotton  and  woollen 
fabrics,  and  cheese.     Chief  town,  Tucuman.    Pop.  108,953. 

Tucuman,  or  San  Miguel  de  Tucuman,  sin  me- 
ghfil'  d4  too-koo-min',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  the  above  province,  on  a  head-stream  of  tne  Rio 
Dulce,  94  miles  N.W.  of  Santiago.  It  has  a  cathedral,  sev- 
eral convents,  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  trade  in  oxen  and 
mules  sent  into  Bolivia.  Pop.  26,300.  Here  independence 
was  first  promulgated,  and  the  first  Congress  of  the  re- 
publie  was  held  in  1816. 


TUC 


2659 


TUL 


Tnczno,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  TOtz. 

Tudae,  or  Tudae  ad  Fines,  ancient  names  of  Toy. 

Tad  ela,too-Di'18,(anc.7'««e7a),  a  city  of  Spain,  province 
of  Navarre,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ebro,  here  crossed  by  a 
Btone  bridge  of  17  arches,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.  Pop. 
8925.  It  is  neat,  but  dull.  It  has  remains  of  ancient  fortifica- 
tions. Its  cathedral  contains  the  tomb  of  Blanche  of  Castile, 
and  it  has  many  other  churches,  convents,  and  hospitals,  a 
workhouse,  prison,  schools,  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens, 
hair  fabrics,  soap,  tiles,  bricks,  and  earthenwares.  Ben- 
jamin of  Tudela  was  born  here.  On  November  23,  1808, 
the  French  here  gained  a  victory  over  the  Spaniards. 

Tudela  de  Duero,  too-ni'li  di  dwi'ro,  a  town  of 
Bpain,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  2377. 

Tueda,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tweed. 

Tuejar,  or  Tuexar,  too-i-HaR',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  43  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia,  on  a  slope  above 
the  Chelva.     Pop.  1857. 

Tufara,  too-fi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  about 

15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2285. 

Tutr6,  tiirfi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Sarthe, 

16  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1044. 

Tufino,  too-fee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta,  N.E.  of  Nola,  with  a  church  and  2  chapels.    P.  2690. 

Tnftonborough,  tiif't9n-bur-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Tuftonborough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Ossipee,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Laconia.  Bobbins 
and  hoops  are  made  here.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  contains  Melvin  Vil- 
lage.    It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  949. 

Tugalo,  tu-gah-lo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Habersham  co., 
6a.,  1  mile  from  Tugalo  Station  of  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond 
Air-Line  Railroad. 

Tn^galoo',  a  river,  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Savan- 
nah, rises  near  the  S.  frontier  of  North  Carolina,  and,  flow- 
ing first  S.W.  and  then  S.E.  along  the  boundary  between 
South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  unites  with  the  Kiowee  near 
Anderson  ville.  The  name  of  Chattooga  is  applied  to  the 
upper  part  of  this  river. 

Tugaloo,  Mississippi.     See  Tougaloo. 

Tiigaloo,  a  township  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1436. 

Tugaloo  Creek,  Ala.    See  Sucarnoochee  Creek. 

Tuge'la,  a  large  river  of  Africa,  flows  S.E.  to  the  sea, 
terming  the  boundary  between  Natal  and  Zululand. 

Tug  Fork,  West  Virginia.     See  Sandy  River, 

Tuggle's  (tiig'gelz)  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick 
00.,  Va.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Tnggurt,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Tooggoort. 

Tug  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va,, 
45  miles  N,  of  Saltville,  Va, 

Tuineje,  twe-ni'zhi,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  in  Fuer- 
teventura,  on  a  mountain-slope. 

Tnitium,  the  ancient  name  of  Deutz. 

Tuk,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tak. 

Tukau'non,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Washington. 

Tukhti  Suleiman,  tiiK'te  s99-li-min',  or  Takhti 
Suleiman,  tiK'tee  s99-ld-m3,n',  written  also  Takhti 
Souliman  {i.e.,  "  throne  of  Solomon"),  a  remarkable  hill 
and  collection  of  ruins  in  North  Persia,  province  of  Azer- 
baijan, 115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tabreez,  identified  by  Major 
Rawlinson  with  the  ancient  Atropatenian  Ecbatana,  the 
Phrnutn,  Gaza,  and  Canzaca  of  classic  authors,  and  the 
Xiz  of  the  Arabians.     Lat.  36°  30'  N. ;  Ion,  47°  10'  E. 

Tukhti  Suleiman,  a  mountain  of  the  Suleiman 
Range,  E.  of  Afghanistan,  lat.  31°  35'  N.,  Ion.  about  70° 
E.,  and  11,000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  the  name  of  several 
other  mountfvins  in  Central  and  West  Asia. 

Tukhti  Suleiman,  or  Usch,  Toorkistan.    See  Oosh. 

Tuk^kee',  or  Taki,  tiik'ee',  a  town  of  Bengal,  40 
miles  E.  of  Calcutta,    It  has  a  good  trade  in  rice,    P,  5261. 

Tukrie,  tiik^ree',  or  Tikri,  tik-ree',  a  town  of  India, 
Meerut  division.     Pop.  5698. 

Tukum,  too'k6(5in  or  too-koom',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Courland,  near  the  Gulf  of  Riga,  38  miles  W.  of  Riga.  It 
has  a  ruined  castle  and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  3751. 

Tula,  Russia  and  China,     See  Toola. 

Tula,  too'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  the  ancient  capital  of 
the  Toltecs,  state  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mexico.  It  is 
upwards  of  6000  feet  above  the  sea,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Tula  or  Montezuma,  a  river  which,  after  a  N.E.  course  of 
200  miles,  past  Valles  and  Panuco,  joins  the  Tampico  River 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Tnla'lip,  a  post-ofiBce  and  Indian  reservation  of  Sno- 
homish CO.,  Washington,  60  miles  N.  of  Tacoma.  Here  are 
a  Catholic  church  and  male  and  female  (Catholic)  schools. 

Tulang-Bavang,too-l&ng'-b&-v&ng',  a  river  and  town 
of  Sumatra.     The  river  enters  the  Java  Sea,  after  an  E. 


course  of  100  miles;  the  town  is  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Palem- 
bang. 

Tulare,  tn-lair'  (Sp.  pron.  too-l&'r&),  a  county  in  the 
S.  central  part  of  California,  has  an  area  of  about  5592 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  King's,  Kaweah,  and  Tule 
Rivers  and  several  creeks,  all  affluents  of  Tulare  Lake, 
which  lies  in  the  W.  part  of  the  county  and  is  about  33 
miles  long  and  22  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
high  mountains,  deep  canons,  and  wide  river-bottoms.  On 
the  N.E.  border  of  the  county  stand  several  of  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Among  these  are  Mount 
Whitney,  14,898  feet  high,  and  Kaweah  Peak,  about  14,000 
feet  high.  The  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  are  covered 
with  forests  of  coniferous  trees.  The  western  part  of  the 
county  is  adjacent  to  the  Coast  Range.  The  soil  of  the 
plains  and  river-bottoms  is  fertile.  Cattle,  wool,  wheat, 
barley,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Scattered  groves 
of  oak  trees  occur  in  the  lowlands.  Among  the  other  forest 
trees  is  the  Sequoia  gigantea,  which  here  attains  the  height 
of  275  feet  or  more.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railway,  several  branches  of  which  trav- 
erse it.  Capital,  Visalia.  Pop,  in  1870,  4533;  in  1880, 
11,281  ;  in  1890,  24,574. 

Tulare,  a  city  and  important  shipping-point  of  Tulare 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway,  in  the  San 
Joaquin  Valley,  10  miles  S,  of  Visalia,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  branch  line.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks, 
manufactures  of  flour,  iron  products,  wagons,  and  cigars, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop,  in  1880,  447 ;  in  1890,  2697 ; 
in  1894  (school  census),  3980. 

Tulare  Lake,  California,  is  in  the  W.  part  of  Tulare 
CO.,  and  touches  the  N.  border  of  Kern  co.  It  has  a  round- 
ish form,  and  is  about  33  miles  long  and  22  miles  wide.  It 
is  supplied  by  several  streams, — namely,  Kern,  King's, 
Kaweah,  and  Tule  Rivers.     It  has  no  visible  outlet. 

Tularosa,  too-li-ro'si,  a  post-village  of  Dona  Ana  co.. 
New  Mexico.     It  has  a  church. 

Tul'bagh,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  in  South  Africa, 
37  miles  N.N,W,  of  Worcester,     Pop,  548. 

Tul^a,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Toolcha. 

Tulija,  or  Tulixa,  too-lee'Hi,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state 
of  Tobasco,  tributary  to  the  Usumasinta. 

Tu'Iin,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co,,  N.C. 

Tu'lip,  a  post- village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ark.,  about  55  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Tu'lip  Creek,  Arkansas,  enters  the  Ouachita  River  a 
few  miles  above  Camden. 

Tulla,  tiil'14,  a  town  of  Arabia,  district  of  Yemen,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Sana. 

TulMaho'ma,  a  post-town  and  health  resort  of  Cofi"ee 
CO,,  Tenn,,  at  a  railway  junction  69  miles  by  rail  S.S.E  of 
Nashville,  82  miles  by  rail,  or  about  50  miles  direct,  N.W. 
of  Chattanooga,  and  34  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  McMinnville. 
Tullahoma  is  situated  on  the  table-lands  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountains,  1200  feet  above  sea-level.  It  has  9  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  several  distilleries,  a  college, 
flour-  and  lumber-mills,  and  sulphur  springs.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1083;  in  1890,  2439. 

Tullamore,  taria-mor',  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of 
King's  CO.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Clodagh,  and  on  the  Grand 
Canal,  in  the  Bog  of  Allen,  50  miles  W,S,W.  of  Dublin.  It 
has  risen  since  1790  from  a  small  village.  It  is  the  prin- 
cipal shipping-station  on  the  Grand  Canal,     Pop.  5179. 

Tul'lamore,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dillon  township,  Taie> 
well  CO,,  111,,  5  miles  W.  of  Ilopedale,  and  14  miles  S.E.  of 
Pekin. 

Tullamore,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W,  of  Malton.     Pop,  250. 

Tulle,  tun,  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Corrdze,  on  the  Corrdze,  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Soulane,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Limoges.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a 
communal  college,  normal  school,  public  library,  prison, 
barracks,  and  hospital,  with  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen 
cloths,  hats,  paper,  wax  candles,  and  leather,  and  an  ex- 
tensive national  factory  of  fire-arms.  Pop.  11,038.  Three 
miles  N.  are  the  ruins  of  Tintignac. 

Tullins,  tiiriiN*',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Isdre, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  3398.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  edge-tools,  ribbons,  steel,  and  machinery. 

Tulln,  t551n,  a  walled  town  of  Lifwer  Austria,  17  miles 
N.W,  of  Vienna,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  2286. 

Tulloh,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Thllah. 

Tul'low,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  the 
Slaney,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge,  8  miles  E.S,E.  of 
Carlow,     Pop.  21 48.     It  has  a  castle  of  the  twelfth  century. 

Tullum,  the  ancient  name  of  Toul. 


TUL 


2660 


TUN 


Tnllvania^  tul-va'ne-a,  a  post-office  of  Maoon  oo., 
Mo.,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Macon  City. 

Tul'Iy,  a  post-village  in  Tully  township,  Onondaga 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  A  New  York  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.  of  Syracuse,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Homer. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  wagon-factory,  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  434;  in  1890,  498;  of  township,  1380. 

Tnlly,  a  township  of  Marion  cc,  0.     Pop.  770. 

Tully,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  1064. 

Tul'Iytown,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Bucks 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Trenton  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trenton.  It'  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  150. 

Tul'Iy  Val'iey,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Onondaga 
<!0.,  N.Y.,  in  Tully  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Syracuse. 

Tulmaro,  or  Tulmero,  Venezuela.    See  Tuumero. 

Tuloia,  too-lo'l&,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  near  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Ladoga,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Laskila,  which 
here  forms  a  fine  cascade.  It  is  about  6  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  contains  fine  granite-quarries. 

Tuloma,  too-lo'mi,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  the  govern- 
•aent  of  Archangel,  flows  N.E.  into  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

Tulour,  too-loor',  or  Toloar,  to-lo'aR,  the  largest  of 
the  Salibabo  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Gilolo  and  Mindanao.  Lat.  4°  28'  N.;  Ion.  126°  55'  E. 
Circuit,  about  80  miles.  Surface  very  varied.  It  is  popu- 
lous, and  pretty  well  cultivated. 

TuPpehock'en,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.     Pop.  2013. 

Tulpehocken,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Jefierson  township,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Reading. 

Tulpehocken  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Leb- 
anon CO.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill 
River  in  Berks  co.,  about  2  miles  above  Reading. 

Tul'sa,  a  post-office  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Ind.  Terr. 

Tultcha,  or  Tuldja,  Roumania.     See  Toolcha. 

Tulum'ba,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  near  the  Ravee,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Mooltan. 

Tumaco,  too-mi'ko,  or  Gorgonilla,  goR-go-neel'y4, 
an  island  ofiF  the  W.  coast  of  Ecuador,  88  miles  N.E.  of 
Esmeraldas. 

Tumat,  Central  Africa.     See  Toomat. 

Tumbala,  toom-bi'l^,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Chiapas,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real. 

Tum^belan'  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, between  Borneo  and  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat. 
of  Great  Island,  1°  N.,  Ion.  107°  34'  E.  Principal  island, 
Tumbelan,  5  miles  in  length. 

Tnmbez,  toom'bfis  or  toom'bfith,  a  town  of  Peru,  on 
the  Tumbez  River,  near  the  Pacific,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Loja. 
Here  the  Spaniards  first  disembarked  in  1526. 

Tumble,  tum'b'l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Tum'bling  Creek,  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Tennes- 
see, flows  S.W.,  and  enters  Duck  River  on  its  right  bank, 
in  Humphreys  co. 

Tumbling  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co., 
8.C.,  on  Reedy  River,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hooea  Path.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tumbudra,  India.    See  Toombuddra. 

Tumen,  a  river  of  Corea.    See  Toomen. 

TumMook',  or  Tamluk,  tumMook',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Calcutta.  It  was  anciently  a  place 
of  great  note,  and  stood  upon  the  sea-shore  as  late  as  635 
A.D.,  but  is  now  60  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  a  place  of 
pilgrimage  and  has  some  remarkable  temples.     Pop.  5849. 

Tum'mel,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  is  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Tay.     Length,  58  miles. 

Tu'muli,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  267. 

Tumwater,  t\im'w&-t§r,  a  post- village  of  Thurston  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Des  Chutes  River,  at  the  S.  end  of 
Puget  Sound,  2  miles  S.  of  Olympia.  It  has  great  water- 
power,  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  2 
sash-  and  blind-factories,  a  chair-factory,  &c.     Pop.  500. 

Tu'na,  Tu^namaguont',  or  Tu^negawant',  a 
creek  which  rises  near  the  centre  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  flows 
N.  past  Bradford  into  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  and  joins  the 
Alleghany  River  near  Carrollton. 

Tuna  Creek,  a,  post-office  of  McEean  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bradford. 

Tunama,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Itunama. 

Tun'bridge,  or  Ton'bridge,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Kent,  on  the  Medway,  at  a  railway  junction,  27  miles 
8.E.  of  London.  Pop.  10,117.  It  is  a  quiet  old  town,  with 
■tone  bridges  over  five  arms  of  the  Medway,  one  of  which 
ftrms  is  called  the  Tun.     Principal  edifices,  the  grammar- 


school,  the  town  hall,  union  workhouse,  market-house, 
church,  chapels,  <tc.,  and  fine  remains  of  a  Norman  castle. 
Tunbridge  has  long  been  noted  for  a  manufactory  of  toys 
and  turned  wares,  and  it  has  some  exports  of  timber. 

Tunbridge,  tun'brij,  a  post-village  in  Tunbridge 
township.  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White 
River,  5  miles  N.  of  South  Royalton  Station,  and  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  North  Tunbridge,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  ploughs,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1405. 

Tunbridge  Wells,  a  town  and  watering-place  of 
England,  cos.  of  Kent  and  Surrey,  5  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Tunbridge.  The  springs  are  chalybeate.  The  pump- 
room  and  baths,  public  parade,  ball-rooms,  libraries,  theatre, 
and  market-house  are  in  a  small  valley  enclosed  by  hills, 
on  which  are  excellent  hotels  and  many  elegant  villas.  It 
has  a  church  and  elegant  chapel,  numerous  dissenting 
chapels,  an  infirmary,  a  dispensary,  many  schools,  and  lit- 
erary institutions.     Pop.  in  1891,  27,895. 

Tuncha,  tiln^chi',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Ngan- 
Hoei,  about  20  miles  from  Hoei-Choo-Foo,  to  which  it  forms 
a  kind  of  port.  Lat.  29°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  30'  E.  It  is  a 
large,  busy,  and  thriving  place,  and  carries  on  a  very  ex- 
tensive trade,  especially  in  green  tea,  the  greater  part  of 
which  is  sent  down  the  river,  and  thence  onward  to  Shang- 
hai, being  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  150,000. 

Tundja,  a  river  of  Roumelia.    See  Toonja. 

Tunetum,  or  Tunes.    See  Tunis. 

Tung,  several  cities  of  China.     See  Tung-Chang. 

Tun^gatoor',  a  town  of  India,  Nellore  district,  15 
miles  S.  of  Ongole.     Pop.  7055. 

Tung- Chang,  toong'ching'  or  tfing^ching',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  river  Ta-Tein,  near 
the  Grand  Canal,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Tsee-Nan.  It  is  large, 
populous,  and  has  a  flourishing  trade.  Among  its  public 
edifices  is  an  octagonal  tower  of  8  stories,  faced  with  porce- 
lain.— Tuno-Ching,  Tung-Chaw,  Tung-Yang,  Ac,  are  the 
names  of  Chinese  cities  and  towns  of  minor  importance. 

Tung-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Toong-Kiano. 

Tungow-Ching,  a  town  of  China.    See  Wanchow. 

Tungri,  the  ancient  name  of  Tonqres. 

Tung-Shan,  China.    See  Tongsan. 

Tung-Ting-IIoo,  China.    Sec  Tong-Ting-Hoo. 

Tunguragua,  toong-goo-r&'gw4  or  toon-goo-r&'w&,  a 
name  of  the  river  Amazon  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course 
in  North  Peru.     See  Amazon. 

Tunguragua,  a  volcano  of  Ecuador.  Lat.  1°  29'  b. ; 
Ion.  79°  20'  W.     Height,  16,579  feet. 

Tunguses,  Siberia.     See  Toongooses. 

Tungnska,  three  rivers  of  Siberia.     See  Toongooska. 

Tu'nica,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.W.  part  of  Mis- 
sissippi, borders  on  Arkansas.  Area,  about  450  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  and  W.  by  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Coldwater  River.  The 
Tallahatchee  River  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  level  and  partly  subject  to  inundation.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  cypress, 
hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Yazoo  A  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital, 
Austin.    Pop.  in  1870,  5358 ;  in  1880,  8461 ;  in  1890, 12,158. 

Tunis,  tu'niss  or  too'niss,  one  of  the  Barbary  States  of 
North  Africa,  long  nominally  dependent  on  Turkey,  is  sit- 
uated between  lat.  31°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  8°  and  11°  E. 
It  is  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Mediterranean,  S.E.  by 
Tripoli,  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Great  Desert  or  Sahara,  and  W. 
by  Algeria  ;  greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  440  miles ; 
mean  breadth,  measured  on  the  parallel  of  35°,  160  miles ; 
area,  estimated  at  70,000  square  miles.  In  the  coast  are 
three  remarkable  indentations,  forming  the  Bay  of  Tunis 
on  the  N.,  and  the  Gulfs  of  Hammamet  and  Cabes,  or  the 
Lesser  Syrtis,  on  the  E.  Cape  Blanco,  on  the  N.W.,  is  the 
most  N.  point  of  the  African  continent.  The  interior  is 
imperfectly  known.  The  N.W.  portion,  lying  between  the 
frontiers  of  Algeria  on  the  W.  and  the  valley  of  Mejerda 
on  the  S.  and  E.,  is  traversed  by  a  range  of  mountains 
which,  entering  from  the  W.,  spread  over  the  whole  dis- 
trict. These  mountains  are  estimated  to  have  an  elevation 
of  from  4000  feet  to  5000  feet,  and  are  covered  with  timber. 
Between  the  mountains  and  the  Gulf  of  Hammamet  on  the 
E.  stretches  the  plateau  of  Kairwan,  about  100  miles  long, 
by  30  wide,  nearly  destitute  of  trees,  and,  except  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  town  of  Kairwan,  uncultivated.  The  only 
river  of  any  consequence  is  the  Mejerda  (anc.  Bagradas) 
The  only  other  remarkable  expanse  of  water  is  the  great 
lake  of  Al  Sibkah,  situated  far  to  the  S.,  on  the  borders  of 
the  Sahara.     It  is  about  70  miles  long,  by  25  broad,  but. 


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TUN 


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TUN 


I 


with  the  exception  of  its  S.  part,  becomes  dry  in  summer, 
when  a  layer  of  salt  is  found  deposited  on  its  bed.  The 
oiimate  is  excellent,  the  atmosphere  being  generally  pure 
and  wholesome  and  the  excessive  summer  heats  moderated 
by  sea-breezes.  Rains  fall  at  intervals  from  November  to 
April,  but  almost  uninterrupted  droughts  prevail  during 
the  rest  of  the  year.  In  ancient  times  it  was  one  of  the 
granaries  of  Rome,  but,  owing  to  the  extortions  of  the  gov- 
ernment, large  tracts  capable  of  yielding  productive  returns 
remain  in  a  state  of  nature.  The  principal  crops  are 
wheat,  barley,  and  maize ;  olives  also  are  extensively  raised, 
and  date-plantations  furnish  the  principal  subsistence  of 
the  inhabitants.  Tobacco  is  largely  cultivated,  and  cotton, 
indigo,  safiFron,  and  opium  are  grown.  Copper,  lead,  silver, 
and  salt,  from  Sibkah,  are  among  the  mineral  products,  and 
near  Porto-Farina  is  a  quicksilver-mine;  but  mining,  like 
agriculture,  is  very  backward.  The  principal  domestic 
animals  are  mules,  oxen,  and  camels ;  on  several  parts  of 
the  coast  the  fisheries,  including  that  of  coral,  are  valuable. 
Esparto  grass  is  one  of  the  principal  exports. 

The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  woollen  fabrics,  more 
especially  the  beretti  or  red  caps,  known  all  over  the  Medi- 
terranean, soap,  both  soft  and  hard,  made  on  an  extensive 
scale,  dyed  skins,  and  ordinary  and  morocco  leather.  Car- 
avans come  annually  from  Central  Africa,  bringing  slaves, 
senna,  ostrich  feathers,  gold-dust,  gum,  and  ivory,  which 
are  exchanged  for  manufactured  goods,  spices,  and  gun- 
powder. Others,  from  Constantinople,  bring  wax,  dried 
skins,  cattle,  and  sheep,  in  return  for  muslins  and  other 
woven  fabrics,  Tunis  mantles,  colonial  produce,  essences, 
Ac.  The  principal  imports  by  sea  are  cochineal,  raw  silk, 
coffee,  sugar,  woollen  cloths,  wines,  and  coin.  The  inhabit- 
ants, amounting  to  about  1,500,000,  consist  of  a  mixture 
of  Moors,  Arabs,  Turks,  negroes,  Kabyles,  and  Jews,  with 
a  few  Christians.  The  state  religion  is  Mohammedanism. 
The  government  is  exercised  by  an  hereditary  bey,  or  king, 
nominally  subject  to  the  Turkish  Sultan.  Since  the  war 
of  1881-82  the  country  has  been  under  French  protection, 
and  is  governed  jointly  by  French  and  Tunisian  officers. 
There  are  several  lines  of  railway.  Besides  Tunis,  the 
capital,  the  chief  towns  are  Soosa,  Hammamet,  Bizerta, 
Bfax,  Cabes,  Monastir,  Gafsa,  Kairwan,  and  Beja. 

Tunis  (ano.  Tune' turn,  or  Tu'net ;  Gr.  Touns  or  Touxes), 
a  seaport  town,  capital  of  the  above  state,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Mejerda,  on  the  W.  side  of  an  oval  lagoon,  connected 
by  a  narrow  strait  with  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  and  on  a 
large  and  beautiful  plain  bounded  in  the  distance  by  lofty 
mountains,  400  miles  E.  by  N.of  Algiers.  Lat.  36°  48'  N.; 
Ion.  10°  24'  B.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  defended  by 
a  strong  castle  completely  commanding  the  Goletta,  or  nar- 
row strait  already  mentioned,  and  by  several  detached  forts 
in  other  directions.  The  streets  are  narrow,  uneven,  un- 
paved,  and  filthy  in  the  extreme ;  the  houses  are  of  stone 
or  brick,  generally  of  very  mean  appearance,  consisting 
only  of  a  single  story  without  exterior  windows.  The  in- 
terior, however,  in  the  form  of  a  court,  with  the  apart- 
ments ranged  round  it,  is  often  fitted  up  with  Oriental 
magnificence.  Water  is  abundantly  supplied,  partly  from 
cisterns  placed  on  the  flat  roof  of  each  to  collect  the  rain, 
and  partly  by  an  aqueduct.  The  public  buildings  include  a 
great  number  of  mosques,  several  of  them  handsome;  the 
bey's  palace;  several  large  and  well-arranged  barracks,  one 
of  which  is  fitted  to  accommodate  4000  men;  a  Moorish 
college  for  theology  and  jurisprudence,  many  other  schools, 
several  synagogues,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  a  Greek  church, 
a  Roman  Catholic  convent,  a  theatre,  several  elegant  public 
baths,  and  extensive  and  well-furnished  bazaars.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  linen  and  woollen  cloths,  red 
woollen  caps,  pottery,  mantles,  embroidery,  ordinary  and 
morocco  leather,  and  various  essences  of  musk,  rose,  and 
jasmine.  Principal  exports,  oil,  beretti  or  Tunis  caps,  soap, 
grain  and  pulse,  wool,  hides,  bones,  rags,  cattle,  tunny-fish, 
sponges,  senna,  wax,  gold-dust,  elephants'  teeth,  &c. ;  prin- 
cipal imports,  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  goods,  tin,  lead, 
and  iron,  raw  and  manufactured,  cofi"ee,  sugar,  spices,  <kc. 
The  city  is  the  terminus  of  2  or  3  short  lines  of  railway. 

Tunis  is  situated  about  3  miles  to  the  S.W.  of  the  ruins 
of  ancient  Carthage,  and  it  is  itself  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity and  has  been  the  scene  of  many  important  histori- 
cal events.  During  the  Punic  wars  it  was  repeatedly  taken 
and  retaken.  In  439  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Vandals, 
but  having  been  wrested  from  them  about  a  century  there- 
after by  Belisarius,  it  continued  to  be  subject  to  the  Greek 
Empire  till  the  end  of  the  seventh  century,  when  Northern 
Africa  became  a  dependency  of  the  caliphs  of  Bagdad.  In 
1206,  Tunis  became  an  absolute  sovereignty,  under  Aboo- 
Ferez.   About  this  time  it  became  notorious  for  its  piracies, 


and  in  1270  Louis  IX.  of  France,  in  a  chivalrous  attempt 
to  suppress  them,  lost  both  his  army  and  his  life.  The  last 
of  the  Tunisian  kings,  Muley-Hassan,  having  been  de- 
prived of  his  throne  by  the  pirate  Barbarossa  II.  in  1531, 
had  recourse  to  the  Emperor  Charles  V.,  who  restored  him 
but  made  his  kingdom  tributary  to  Spain.  It  so  continued 
till  1574,  when  it  was  subjugated  by  the  Turks,  who  were 
ultimately  obliged  ,to  allow  the  Moors  to  elect  their  own 
bey,  only  reserving  to  themselves  the  power  of  confirming 
the  election  and  exacting  a  tribute,  which  ceased  in  1871. 
The  piracies  of  the  Tunisians  subjected  them  to  severe 
chastisements,  first  from  the  British  under  Admiral  Blake, 
and  afterwards  from  France  and  Holland.  In  1816  they 
engaged  forever  to  renounce  piracy  and  Christian  slavery. 
Pop.  125,000,  of  whom  about  25,000  are  Jews  and  5000 
Christians,  the  remainder  being  chiefly  Moors,  Arabs,  and 

negroes. Adj.  and  inhab.  Tunisian,  too-nee'she-an,  and 

TuNisiNE,  too-n§-8een'.  These  terms,  perhaps  more  prop 
erly  applied  to  the  city  of  Tunis,  may  also  be  extended  to 
the  state.    See  also  Gulp  and  Lagoon  op  Tunis. 

Tu'nis,  a  post-village  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
from  Caldwell,  and  16  miles  from  Bryan.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  and  a  steam  mill. 

Tunis*  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  a 
navigable  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  5  miles  from  Easton. 
It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  machine-shop,  &a. 
Pop.  230. 

Tnnja,  toong'ni,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, capital  of  the  state  of  Boyaca,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bogota.  Pop.  7000.  It  has  mineral  springs,  several  con- 
vents, a  college,  a  military  hospital,  manufactures  of  wovei. 
fabrics,  and  a  large  trade  in  tobacco. 

Tunkhannock,  tiink-hawn'niik,  a  post-borough,  capi- 
tal of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  in  Tunkhannock  township,  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Tunkhannock  Creek,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wilkesbarre,  28 
miles  S.  of  Montrose,  and  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scran- 
ton.  It  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Montrose  Railroad.  It  has  a  neat  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 

5  hotels,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  2  planing-mills,  and  agricul- 
tural works.     Pop.  in  1880,  1116;  in  1890,  1253. 

Tunkhan'nock,  township,  Monroe  co..  Pa.    Pop.  263. 

Tunkhannock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Sus- 
quehanna CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River  at  Tunkhannock. 

Tunkhannock  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  occupies 
the  N.E.  part  of  Wyoming  co. 

Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany 

6  Susquehanna  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton. 
Tunnel,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Washington  co.,  0., 

on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  6  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Marietta. 

Tunnel,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  5  miles  N.W.  of  White  Haven. 

Tunnel  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  in 
Greenfield  township,  at  Greenfield  Station  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Tomah,  and 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sparta.     It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon 
shop,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  co.,  6a.,  on 
the  Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Dalton. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.  The  railroad  here 
passes  through  a  tunnel  1474  feet  long. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  a  church. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Elizabeth- 
town. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  station  in  Lauderdale  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  <fc  Meridian  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Me- 
ridian. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Dresden. 

Tunnel  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Tun'nelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Missis- 
sippi Railroad,  73  miles  E.  of  Vincennes.     It  has  a  church. 

'Tunnelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Conemaugh  Creek,  at  Kolley's  Station  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Blairsville.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  fire-brick  and  salt. 

Tunnelton,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  £.  of  Grafton.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  a  foundry  with  a  machine-shop.  The 
railroad  here  passes  through  a  tunnel. 


TUN 


2662 


TUR 


Tuus'burg,  township,  Chippewa  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  420. 

Tun'stall)  a  market-town  and  chapelry  of  England,  co. 
of  Stafford,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme.  Pop. 
in  1891,  15,730.  The  church  is  a  handsome  edifice,  and 
here  is  a  neat  court-house.  In  the  vicinity  are  numerous 
collieries,  extensive  potteries,  large  chemical  works,  and 
productive  veins  of  clay  and  iron  ore. 

TunstalPs,  tiin'stalz,  a  post-village  of  New  Kent  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  York  River  <k  Chesapeake  Railroad, 
20  miles  E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church,  4  stores,  Ac. 

Tunuyan,  too-noo-yin',  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, province  of  Mendoza,  after  an  E.  course  of  200  miles 
is  lost  in  a  lake  of  the  Llanos.   Lat.  34°  S. ;  Ion.  66°  30'  W. 

Tuolumne^  twol'um-ne,  a  county  of  California,  is  near 
the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  estimated  at  2048  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Stanislaus  River, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Tuolumne  River  and  the  Middle  Fork 
of  the  Stanislaus.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  ex- 
cept the  western  part,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  fir,  pine,  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The  Sierra 
Nevada  extends  along  the  eastern  border  of  this  county. 
Near  the  Stanislaus  River  is  Table  Mountain,  whioh  is 
composed  of  basaltic  lava,  is  about  30  miles  long  and  2000 
feet  high,  and  has  a  flat  top  and  perpendicular  sides.  Gold, 
wine,  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Fine 
marble  of  various  colors  is  found  here.  This  county  pro- 
duces an  abundance  of  grapes  and  other  fruits,  and  wine- 
making  is  among  its  prosperous  industries.  Capital,  Sonora. 
Pop. in  1870,  8150;  in  1880,  7848;  in  1890,  6082. 

Tuolumne  River,  California,  rises  at  the  base  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  in  the  E.  part  of  Tuolumne  co.,  which  it 
intersects.  It  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the 
San  Joaquin  River  in  Stanislaus  co.,  about  25  miles  S.  of 
Stockton,  after  a  course  of  about  175  miles.  Gold  is  found 
near  this  river. 

Tuparro,  too-paR'no,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  joins  the  Orinoco  after  an  E.  course 
of  200  miles. 

Tu'pelo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  on 
Old  Town  Creek  and  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles 
S.  by  "W.  of  Corinth,  and  about  50  miles  E.  of  Oxford.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  6  churches.     P.  1 008. 

Tupisa,  or  Tupiza,  too-pee's&,  a  town  of  Bolivia, 
department  and  140  miles  S.  of  Chuquisaca  (Sucre).  Pop. 
6000.     Near  it  are  silver-mines. 

Tupiza,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Pilata. 

Tup'per's  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Pomeroy. 

Tup'perville,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Annapolis  River,  5  miles  from  Bridgetown. 

Tuppul,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tappul. 

Tupp'ville,  township,  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  250. 

Tuptee,  a  river  of  India.     See  Taptee. 

Tupungato,  too-poong-gi'to,  one  of  the  Chilian 
Andes,  45  miles  E.  of  Santiago  de  Chili.  Lat.  33°  10'  S. 
Height,  15,000  feet. 

Tuque,  tuk,  a  post-office  of  "Warren  co..  Mo. 

Tura,  a  river  of  West  Siberia.     See  Toora. 

Tur^aboo',  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Estimated  pop.  2000. 

Turan,  too-rin'  (Pers.  "land  of  light"),  a  name  ap- 
plied vaguely  by  Orientalists  and  geographers  to  a  region 
m  the  S.W.  of  Toorkistan  (including  Khiva,  Bokhara,  and 
the  adjacent  countries),  as  distinguished  from  Iran,  or 
Northeastern  and  Eastern  Persia.  The  name  Turanian  is 
applied  by  many  ethnologists  to  a  great  stock  of  languages 
and  races  of  men,  of  which  the  following  branches  are 
recognized  :  1,  Magyar-Finnic ;  2,  Samoyedio ;  3,  Turkish, 
or  Tartar;  4,  (true)  Mongolian;  5,  Tungoosic;  and  some 

tdace  the  Dravidian  and  monosyllabic,  and  even  the  Ma- 
ayo-Polynesian  and  American  races,  in  the  same  great 
class.  The  very  ancient  Accad  language  of  Babylonia  is 
regarded  as  Turanian. 

Turan'ga,  or  Pov'erty  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E. 
coast  of  New  Zealand,  North  Island.  Lat.  38°  47'  S. ;  Ion. 
178°  7'  E.     Breadth  at  entrance,  8  miles. 

Turate,  too-rS.'ti,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
of  Como,  6  miles  S.  of  Appiano.     Pop.  2332. 

Turavacara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Turivicary. 

Turba,  an  ancient  name  of  Tarbes. 

Tnrbaco,  tooR-Bd.'ko,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, department  of  Magdalena,  province  and  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Cartagena. 

Turbenthal,  tooR'b§n-t5.1\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Toce.  Pop.  2128.  Near 
it  is  the  castle  of  Landenberg. 

Tur'bett,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  714. 


Tur'beville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  oo.,  Va.,  3  milea 
from  News  Ferry  Railroad  Station. 

Tur'bot,  township,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.    P.  1803. 

Tur'botviUe,  a  post-borough  in  Lewis  township, 
Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 
It  has  a  coach-factory  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  417. 

Turbut,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Toorboot. 

Turchia,  Turc,  or  Turco.     See  Turkey. 

Turcoing,  a  town  of  France.     See  Tourcoino. 

Turcomans,  Asia.    See  Toorkomans. 

Tureaud,  tu-ro',  a  post-office  of  St.  James  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  75  miles  above  New  Orleans. 

Turegano,  too-ri-gi'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, province  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Segovia.    Pop.  1342. 

'Turek,  Russia.     See  Toorek. 

Turenne,  tU^rSnn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corr^ze,  9 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Brives-la-Qaillarde.  It  has  ruins  of  the 
ancient  castle  of  the  family  of  Turenne.     Pop.  1768. 

Turenum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Trani. 

Tnrfan,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan.     See  Toorpan. 

Turi,  too'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  5920. 

Turi,  too-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Maranhao,  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Guimaraens. 

Turia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Gcadalatiar. 

Turiassn,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Turtassu. 

Turicum,  the  ancient  name  of  Zurich. 

Turija,  too-ree'yi  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the 
S.W.  of  Volhynia,  flows  N.N.E.  through  extensive  morasses, 
and  joins  the  Pripets  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Turikaray,  tiir'j-ki-r4',  or  Tarikere,  tur'i-ker-i', 
1  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Seringapatam, 
Pop.  5302. 

Turin,  tu'rin  (Fr.pron.  tU^riN"';  It.  Torino,  to-ree'no; 
anc.  Taura'eia,  afterwards  Augus'ta  Taurine' rum),  >\  city 
of  Italy,  capital  of  Piedmont  and  of  the  province  of  Tu- 
rin, beautifully  situated  in  a  fertile  plain,  surrounded  by 
the  Alps,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Dora  Ripaira  with  the 
Po,  79  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milan.  Each  river  is  here  crossed 
by  a  magnificent  bridge.  The  general  appearance  of  the 
city  and  its  environs  is  scarcely  surpassed  by  any  city  in 
Europe.  It  was  at  one  time  surrounded  by  walls,  and  its 
large  and  imposing  citadel  still  remains,  but  all  the  other 
fortifications  have  been  removed,  and  the  site  occupied  by 
them  covered  partly  with  finely-planted  walks  and  partly 
with  magnificent  houses.  The  older  quarters  are  closely 
built,  and  the  streets  are  somewhat  narrow  and  irregular ; 
but  all  the  modern  portions  have  been  built  on  a  uniform 
plan,  in  wide  streets  which  intersect  one  another  at  right 
angles  and  thus  form  a  series  of  square  blocks  and  piles  of 
building,  of  which  the  monotony  is  relieved  by  the  loftiness 
of  the  houses,  their  endless  variety  of  sculptured  fronts  and 
rich  decorations,  and  the  fine  scenery.  Some  of  the  princi- 
pal streets  are  lined  with  arcades.  There  are  several  fine 
squares,  among  which  are  the  Piazza  del  Castello,  sur- 
rounded by  splendid  palaces,  the  Piazzi  di  San  Carlo,  al- 
most entirely  surrounded  by  arcades,  the  Piazza  di  San 
Giovanni,  and  the  Piazza  dell'  Erbe. 

The  ecclesiastical  edifices  most  deserving  of  notice  are 
the  cathedral,  having  an  interior  richly  and  elaborately 
decorated,  and  containing  some  good  paintings,  the  churches 
of  San  Maurizio,  San  Filippo  Neri,  Santa  Christina,  Cor- 
pus Christi,  remarkable  for  the  richness  of  its  decorations, 
La  Consolata,  formed  of  a  combination  of  3  contiguous 
churches,  Sant'  Andrea,  with  numerous  frescos,  sculptures, 
and  wood-carvings,  San  Rocco,  in  the  form  of  an  octagon, 
with  a  concave  fajade  and  a  dome,  and  La  Gran  Madre 
di  Dio,  on  which  vast  sums  have  been  expended,  erected  in 
commemoration  of  the  restoration  of  the  royal  family.  In 
addition  to  these  is  a  remarkably  handsome  church  for  the 
Waldenses,  forming  one  of  the  chief  ornaments  of  Turin. 
The  cathedral  was  formerly  very  wealthy  in  plate  and 
jewels,  which  Napoleon  sold  and  applied  the  proceeds  to 
bridge  the  Po. 

Of  the  edifices  not  ecclesiastical,  the  most  conspicuous  are 
the  royal  palace ;  the  royal  armory,  considered  one  of  the 
principal  sights  in  Turin ;  the  old  palace  of  the  Dukes  of 
Savoy,  recently  converted  into  government  offices ;  the  cus- 
tom-house; the  town  house,  with  a  lofty  but  unfinished 
tower  ;  the  court-houses ;  the  university,  a  large  and  mag- 
nificent building ;  the  library,  originally  formed  by  the  an- 
cient Dukes  of  Savoy,  now  attached  to  the  university,  con- 
taining 200,000  volumes ;  the  picture-gallery,  with  an  ox- 
tensive  and  valuable  collection ;  the  Palazzo  dell'  Acade- 
mia  Reale,  under  the  roof  of  which  are  several  museums,— 
an  Egyptian,  with  many  curious  antiquities,  a  museurn  of 
natural  history,  particularly  rich  in  minerals,  and  a  cabinet 


TUB 


2663 


TUR 


of  ooins  and  medals;  and  several  theatres,  one  of  them 
among  the  largest  and  mos^  splendid  in  Italy. 

Among  the  educational  establishments,  in  addition  to  the 
university,  are  the  academy  of  line  arts,  the  astronomical 
observatory,  the  seminary,  occupying  an  elegant  structure, 
the  royal  military  academy,  2  colleges,  and  various  superior 
and  inferior  schools.  Turin  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and 
has  numerous  societies, — economical,  literary,  scientific,  and 
artisti<s.  The  charitable  establishments  include  numerous 
rich  endowments,  of  which  the  most  interesting  and  im- 
portant are  the  Iletiro  delle  Rosine,  a  kind  of  religious 
community,  in  which  400  girls  are  maintained,  chiefly  by 
their  own  labor ;  the  general  hospital  or  infirmary ;  the 
Ospizio  di  CaritS.,  which  receives  about  1500  inmates;  the 
Eeale  Albergo  di  Virtd,  a  liind  of  industrial  school ;  the 
lunatic  asylum  ;  the  Spedale  di  San  Luigi,  a  large  and 
well-managed  establishment,  supported  chiefly  by  voluntary 
contribution,  and  giving  relief  npt  only  to  numerous  in- 
mates, but  also  to  an  annual  average  of  120,000  out-patients; 
and  the  Compagnia  di  San  Paolo,  embracing  a  great  num- 
ber of  objects, — education,  marriage-portions,  and  relief  to 
the  poverivergogno8i,  or  poor  suflFering  in  secret. 

The  manufactures  of  Turin  consist  chiefly  of  woollen, 
cotton,  linen,  and  silk  goods,  wax-cloth,  stained  paper,  iron- 
mongery, leather,  glass,  carriages,  printing-types,  and  philo- 
sophical and  musical  instruments;  there  are  also  numerous 
dye-works,  silk-mills  and  other  mills,  distilleries,  and  a  royal 
gunpowder-manufactory.  The  staple  trade  is  in  silk,  which 
has  here  its  chief  entrep6t,  employs  a  vast  number  of 
hands,  and  forms  the  principal  source  of  wealth.  Other 
articles  of  trade,  in  addition  to  the  above  articles  of  manu- 
facture, are  corn,  wine,  fruit,  and  liqueurs. 

The  foundation  of  Turin  is  generally  attributed  to  a 
colony  of  Transalpine  origin,  called  Taurini  or  Taurisci. 
Shortly  after  Hannibal's  expulsion  from  Italy  the  Romans 
resumed  possession,  and  converted  Turin  into  a  Roman 
colony,  which  took  the  name  of  Colonia  Julia,  afterwards 
Augusta  Taurinorum.  It  was  taken  and  sacked  by  the 
Goths  under  Alaric.  Charlemagne  bestowed  it  as  a  feudal 
tenure  on  its  bishops.  It  was  afterwards  governed  by  the 
Marquises  of  Susa,  with  whom  it  remained  till  conveyed  by 
marriage  to  the  Counts  of  Savoy.  In  1418  it  was  declared 
by  Amadeo  V.  the  capital  of  the  states  of  Savoy,  and  rose 
to  be  the  capital  of  Sardinia,  and  from  1860  to  1865  it  was 
the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy.  Under  the  French, 
Turin  was  the  capital  of  the  department  of  the  Po.     Pop. 

in  1881,  230,183;  of  commune,  252,832. Adj.  and  inhab. 

(It.  ToRiNKSE,  to-re-ni'si;  Fr.  Tuiunois,  tiih-ee^nwi'). 

Turin,  a  province  in  the  N.W.  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  France,  and  its  northern  por- 
tion is  traversed  by  lofty  spurs  of  the  Alps.  Area,  3965 
square  miles.  Pop.  972,986.  The  capital  of  the  province 
18  Turin,  and  Aosta  and  Ivrea  are  towns  of  importance. 

Tu'rin,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  16  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Gifford  Station. 

Turin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Savan- 
nah, Griffin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Newnan.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Turin,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Turin  town- 
ship, on  the  IJtica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  about  45  miles 
N.  by.W.  of  Dtioa,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Lowville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
and  spring  beds.  Pop.  552 ;  of  the  township,  1396.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Black  River. 

Turino,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Torino. 

Turinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Toorinsk. 

Turis,  too-reece',  or  Turris,  tooR-Reece',  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  and  20  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop. 
3962.  Marble  and  jasper  are  procured  in  its  vicinity. 
Here  is  a  very  beautiful  church. 

Tu^rivica'ry,  or  Tu^ravaca'ra,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Mysore,  62  miles  N.  of  Scringapatam. 

Turka,  tooR'ki,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  28  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Sambor,  with  a  trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  2908. 

Turkestan,  Central  Asia.     See  Toorkistan. 

Turkevi,  tooR-kiVee',  Turkeva,  toor-ki-vi',  or 
Turkeve,  toor-ki-vi',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Great  Cu- 
mania,  on  the  Berettyo,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Kardzac.  Pop. 
10,969.  ^ 

Tur'key  (Turk.  Oimanli  Vilaieti,  os-mln'Iee^  ve-li- 
ySt'ee;  L.  Tur'cicum  Impe'rium;  Fr.  Turquie,  tiin^kee'; 
Ger.  TUrkei,  fuR'ki ;  Dutch,  Turkife,  tilR-ki'^h ;  It.  Tur- 
ehia,  tooR-kee'4;  Sp.  and  Port.  Turquia,  tooR-kee'l),  or 
The  Ot'toman  £m'pire,  comprehending  all  the  coun- 
tries in  which  Turkish  supremacy  is  directly  or  indirectly 
recognized,  includes  some  of  the  fairest  portions  of  the 
"^orld,  and  several  of  its  earliest  and  most  celebrated  seats 


of  civilization.  It  is  not  so  much  a  continuous  dominion, 
as  a  mere  aggregate  of  governments,  often  widely  sepa- 
rated both  by  position  and  by  interest,  and  only  accidentally 
united  by  having  been  the  subjects  of  a  common  conquest. 
It  occupies  the  S.E.  part  of  Europe  and  the  W.  of  Asia, 
and  comprises,  at  least  nominally,  £1  Hejaz  and  Yemen, 
in  Arabia,  and  Egypt,  Nubia,  and  the  beylics  of  Tripoli, 
Tunis,  and  Fezzan,  in  Africa.  Its  capital  is  Constanti- 
nople. The  area  and  population  of  Turkey  are  known  only 
by  estimates,  and  not  as  the  result  of  exact  measurements 
and  of  a  general  census.  Previous  to  the  Russian  war  of 
1877-78,  the  total  area  of  the  empire  was  officially  estimated 
at  1,742,874  English  square  miles,  on  which  lived  28,165,000 
inhabitants.  By  the  results  of  the  war,  however,  were 
created  the  semi-independent  states  of  Bulgaria  and  of 
Eastern  Roumelia,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  were  placed 
under  the  domination  of  Austria- Hungary,  a  large  area  in 
Asia  was  given  to  Russia  and  a  small  one  to  Persia,  and 
additions  of  territory  (with  independence)  to  Roumania, 
Servia,  and  Montenegro,  reducing,  as  estimated,  the  area  of 
the  empire  to  1 ,1 95,000  English  square  miles,  and  the  popu- 
lation to  21,600,000.  The  island  of  Cyprus  also  passed 
under  British  administration  by  treaty  with  Turkey  in  1878, 
and  in  1882  Tunis  became  a  French  protectorate. 

Turkey  in  Europe,  as  now  constituted,  is  divided  into 
four  vilayets,  besides  the  district  of  Constantinople,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Servia,  Bulgaria,  and  Eastern  Rou- 
melia ;  on  the  E.  by  the  Black  Sea  arid  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora ;  on  the  S.  bj  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  the  ^gean  Sea,  and 
Greece ;  and  on  Vae  W.  by  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian  Seas. 
It  includes  also  all  the  islands  of  the  ^gean  Sea  belonging 
to  Turkey,  with  some  small  portions  of  the  mainland  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  the  island  of  Crete  or  Candia.  Its  surface  is 
an  undulating  region  of  hills  and  valleys,  mountains  and 
table-lands,  of  little  elevation;  the  principal  mountains 
being  the  Despoto  Dagh,  in  the  central  part,  and  Pindus, 
in  the  S.W.  Turkey  is  watered  by  numerous  rivers,  the 
chief  of  which  are  the  Maritza,  Kara-Soo,  and  Vardar,  in  the 
basin  of  the  Archipelago,  in  the  S.,  and  the  Voyussa  and 
Drin,  in  the  basin  of  the  Adriatic,  in  the  W.  The  largest 
lakes  are  those  of  Ochrida  and  Scutari,  in  the  W.  The 
climate  is  more  severe  than  might  be  supposed  from  the 
geographical  position  of  the  country ;  but  a  great  portion 
of  Albania,  being  protected  by  elevated  mountains  from  the 
N.E.  winds,  enjoys  a  delicious  climate,  though  it  is  liable 
to  be  visited  by  destructive  earthquakes.  In  the  rocky 
districts  of  the  interior,  and  in  the  maritime  valleys  of 
Albania,  the  summer  is  insupportably  hot.  Destructive 
storms  are  frequent  in  the  S.  A  great  portion  of  Turkey 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  olive  thrives  in  the  maritime 
plains  of  Albania,  where  also  the  orange  and  the  citron 
are  cultivated.  Maize  is  cultivated  in  the  S.,  and  rice, 
cotton,  rye,  and  barley  in  Central  Turkey.  Agricultural 
operations  are  conducted  in  the  rudest  manner,  and  only  a 
small  portion  of  the  country  is  cultivated.  The  principal 
wild  animals  are  the  brown  bear,  the  wolf,  the  wild  boar, 
the  chamois,  and  the  stag.  Domestic  animals  comprise  the 
dog,  cat,  swine,  sheep,  goats,  cattle,  and  buffalo.  Trout, 
&c.,  are  plentiful  in  the  rivers;  and  leeches,  which  abound 
in  the  marshes,  are  important  articles  of  export.  Turkey 
has  mines  of  iron,  lead,  salt,  and  marble,  but  none  of  them 
are  worked  to  advantage.  Manufactures  are  almost  en- 
tirely domestic ;  the  chief  comprise  saddles,  copper  and  tin 
utensils,  fire-arms,  swords,  coarse  woollen  cloths,  linen, 
and  cotton-spinning.  Silks  are  manufactured  chiefly  at 
Salonica,  Seres,  and  Larissa.  Shawls  are  made  only  in 
the  Asiatic  provinces,  especially  at  Beyroot.  There  are 
cotton-printing-works  in  different  localities ;  and  dyeing, 
especially  of  bright  red  colors.  Tanneries  are  numerous ; 
embroidery  is  carried  on  by  the  females.  Distilleries 
of  brandy  from  prunes  are  common  throughout  all  the 
country.  Printing  is  carried  on  at  Constantinople;  filigree- 
work  is  made  in  the  large  towns,  and  there  are  gunpowder- 
mills  near  Constantinople.  Commerce  is  almost  entirely  in 
the  hands  of  Greeks,  Armenians,  and  Jews.  The  enormous 
increase  of  trade  in  late  years  shows  the  advance  of  Christian 
energy  and  the  declension  of  Mohammedanism. 

The  principal  railways  in  European  Turkey  are  linos 
from  Constantinople  to  Adrianople,  Adrianople  to  Sarembey, 
Salonica  to  Uskub,  Ac.  The  total  length  open  in  1892  was 
904  miles ;  the  total  number  of  miles  in  the  empire  was  1893. 

Turkey  in  Asia  is  between  lat.  30°  and  42®  N.  and  Ion. 
26°  and  48*  E.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  Persia,  S.  by  the  Persian 
Gulf  and  Arabia,  W.  by  the  Mediterranean,  N.  by  the  Sea  of 
Marmora  and  the  Black  Sea,  and  N.E.  by  Russia.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  Van,  Beg-Sheher,  Egerdir,  Tooz-Golee,  and 
the  Dead  Sea ;  the  chief  rivers  are  the  Euphrates,  Tigris,  and 


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their  affluents,  which  flow  S.  to  the  Persian  Gulfj  the  Kizil- 
Irmak  and  Yeshil-Irmak,  which  flow  N,  to  the  Black  Sea; 
the  Sarabat  and  Mender,  to  the  Archipelago ;  the  Jyhoon 
and  Syhoon,  to  the  Mediterranean ;  and  the  Jordan,  to  the 
Dead  Sea.  The  chief  mountains  are  the  ranges  of  Taurus, 
Anti-Taurus,  and  Lebanon.  The  soil  and  climate  present 
many  varieties :  in  the  S.  are  vast  arid  plains,  but  on  the 
river-banks  and  in  the  valleys  of  Lebanon  the  soil  is  ex- 
tremely fertile.  The  summits  of  Taurus  are  clad  with 
snow,  and  the  flanks  are  covered  with  the  vegetation  of 
cold  and  temperate  countries ;  while  the  valleys  have  a  tem- 
perature almost  tropical,  and  produce  the  fruits  of  Southern 
Asia.  The  climate  of  Anatolia  is  temperate,  and  the  soil 
is  capable  of  producing  all  kinds  of  grain  and  fruit.  The 
mountains  contain  all  the  useful  metals.  The  chief  prod- 
ucts are  oil,  dye-stuflfs,  medicinal  plants,  gums,  wax,  dried 
fruits,  gall-nuts,  cotton,  silk,  wool,  goats'  hair,  leeches,  and 
sponges.  Exports,  valonia,  madder,  opium,  raisins,  grains, 
figs,  wool,  sponge,  goats'  hair,  olive  oil,  liquorice,  gum, 
yellow-berries,  Ac.  Imports,  cottons,  cofiFee,  iron,  woollens, 
coals,  sugar,  copper,  tin,  indigo,  linens,  apparel,  <fcc.  The 
first  railway  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  from  Smyrna  to  Aidin,  82 
miles,  was  completed  in  1864;  since  then  another  has  been 
opened,  from  Smyrna  to  Casaba,  60  miles.  The  total  length 
open  in  1885  was  347  miles. 

Turkey  in  Asia  was  divided  into  14  vilayets  previous  to 
the  war  of  1877-78,  but  two  of  these  were  ceded  to  Russia, 
viz.,  the  Turkish  possessions  comprising  "  the  territories  of 
Ardahan,  Kars,  and  Batoom,  with  the  port  of  Batoom,  as 
well  as  all  the  territories  comprised  between  the  former 
Russo-Turkish  frontier  and  a  line  beginniag  at  the  Black 
Sea  and  extending  to  a  point  to  the  N.W.  of  Khorda  and 
to  the  S.  of  Artveen."  The  territories  thus  ceded  to  Russia 
are  estimated  to  embrace  an  area  of  5670  square  miles,  with 
a  population  of  600,644,  including  417,602  Mohammedans. 

The  total  area  and  population  of  the  Turkish  Empire, 
and  the  number  of  Mohammedans  in  each  of  the  three 
geographical  divisions  have  been  estimated  as  follows  by 
lately  published  authorities : 

DiTisions.  go  ^Im        Total  pop.   Mohammedans. 

Turkey  in  Europe 65,000         4,500,000         2,500,000 

Turkey  In  Asia 730,000        16,000,000        13,000,000 

Turkey  in  Africa 400,000         1,000,000         1,260,000 

Total 1,195,000        21,500,000        16,750,000 

The  finances  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  are  in  a  state  of 
utter  disorganization.  Before  the  Russian  invasion  of 
1877  the  empire  was  bankrupt,  and  its  difllculties  were 
aggravated  by  the  enormous  expenses  of  the  war  and  the 
diminution  of  revenue  caused  by  the  loss  of  several  prov- 
inces. No  official  statements  of  the  actual  receipts  and  ex- 
penditures have  been  recently  published.  In  the  budget 
estimates  for  the  financial  year  1888-89,  the  total  revenue 
was  computed  at  $92,500,000  j  current  expenses,  $107,000,- 
000 ;  deficit,  $14,500,000. 

The  consolidated  public  debt  at  the  end  of  1881  amounted 
to  about  $525,000,000,  besides  which  there  was  a  floating 
debt  of  about  $100,000,000.  The  actual  strength  of  the 
Turkish  army  is  not  known.  Before  the  war  of  1877-78 
the  number  of  men,  including  irregular  troops  and  auxil- 
iaries, was  about  700,000. 

The  Turks,  originally  from  Toorkistan,  founded  at  differ- 
ent times  several  empires  in  Asia.  At  the  end  of  the  thir- 
teenth century,  Osman  or  Othman,  one  of  their  emirs  or 
princes,  established  the  present  empire  in  Asia  Minor.  The 
Turks  invaded  Europe  at  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
and  conquered  successively  their  present  provinces ;  they 
took  Constaniinople  in  1453.  In  the  sixteenth  century 
their  dominion  extended  in  Europe  over  the  whole  of 
Greece,  part  of  Hungary,  the  Crimea,  and  the  shores  of  the 
Black  Sea;  and  the  whole  of  the  countries  now  forming 
Turkey  in  Asia,  El  Hejaz,  Egypt,  and  the  regencies  of 
Tripoli,  Tunis,  and  Algiers,  were  subjugated  by  them.  But 
since  the  seventeenth  century  their  power  has  greatly  de- 
clined. Austria  expelled  them  from  Hungary  ;  Russia  de- 
prived them  of  the  provinces  between  the  mouths  of  the 
Danube  and  the  Caucasus  in  Europe,  and  those  forming 
Western  Transcaucasia  in  Asia;  the  Greeks  formed  an 
independent  state;  Algiers  (now  Algeria)  was  wrested 
from  them  by  the  French;  the  power  of  the  Porte  has 
nearly  vanished  from  many  of  the  provinces  of  Asia  Minor, 
Arabia,  and  Egypt;  and  finally  the  Russo-Turkish  war 
of  1877-78  has  deprived  the  Porte  of  much  of  the  fairest 

portion  of  its  territory  in  Europe. Adj.  Turk'ish  (Fr. 

TORC,  tilRk ;  feminine,  Thrque,  tiiRk ;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port. 


TuRco,  tooR'ko;  Ger.  TtJRKiscH,  tiiRk'ish) ;  inhab.  Turk 
(the  same  as  the  adjective  in  French,  Italian,  Spanish,  *ad 
Portuguese;  Ger.  TOrke,  tilRk'^h), 

Tur'key,  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  525. 

Turkey,  or  Blue  Ball,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Howell  Station,  and  about  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Red  Bank.     It  has  I  or  2  churches. 

Turkey,  a  township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1167. 

Turkey,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     P.  981. 

Turkey  City,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township, 
Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Emlenton  A  Shippenville  and 
Foxburg,  St.  Petersburg  &  Clarion  Railroads,  7i  miles  E. 
of  Emlenton,  and  2  miles  from  Clarion  River.  It  has  a 
church,  a  banking-house,  and  oil-wells.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Turkey  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Turkey  Creek,  Indiana,  the  outlet  of  Turkey  Lake, 
rises  in  Kosciusko  co.,  runs  northward  in  Elkhart  co.,  and 
enters  Elkhart  River  about  4  miles  S.  of  Goshen. 

Turkey  Creek,  Louisiana,  runs  nearly  southward 
through  Franklin  parish,  and  enters  Boeuf  Bayou  about  S 
miles  from  its  month. 

Turkey  Creek  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through 
Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  Nemaha 
River  in  Kansas,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Seneca. 

Turkey  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Fillmore  co.,  and 
runs  eastward  to  Saline  co.,  which  it  intersects.  Its  gen- 
eral course  is  nearly  southeastward.  It  enters  the  Big 
Blue  River  in  Gage  co.,  about  10  miles  above  Beatrice,  after 
a  course  of  nearly  75  miles. 

Turkey  (or  Turkey  Foot)  Creek,  Henry  co.,  0., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Maumee  River  about  8 
miles  below  Napoleon. 

Turkey  Creek,  South  Carolina,  flows  through  Chester 
CO.  into  Broad  River. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co.,  Ark. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga. 

Turkey  Creek,  township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.   P.  1336. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind., 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Turkey  Creek,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.    See  Turkey. 

Turkey  Creek,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kan.     P.  505. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co,.  Neb. 

Turkey  Creek,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.    P.  959. 

Turkey  Foot,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Turkey  Foot,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Turkey  Grove,  township,  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1166. 

Turkey  Mill,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Columbia  &,  Port  Deposit 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Turkey  Isles,  in  the  Java  Sea.    See  Kalkoon. 

Turkey  Lake,  Indiana,  is  in  Kosciusko  co.,  about  IS 
miles  N.E.  jf  Warsaw,     It  is  about  8  miles  long, 

Turkey  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co,,  N,J.,  in 
Downe  township,  4  miles  from  Newport. 

Turkey  River,  Iowa,  is  formed  by  two  branches, 
which  rise  in  Howard  co.  and  unite  in  the  N,  part  of 
Fayette  co.  It  runs  southeastward  through  Clayton  co., 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  10  miles  below  Gut- 
tenberg.  It  is  nearly  90  miles  long,  or,  including  one 
branch,  160  miles.  Galena  limestone  abounds  near  its 
banks.     One  of  its  branches  is  called  Crane  Creek, 

Turkey  River,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi,  near  the  mouth  of  Turkey  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Turkey  River  Branch  Railroad,  28  miles  W,N,W. 
of  Dubuque. 

Turkey  Run,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.  ■ 

Turkey  Tail,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Tur'keytoAvn  Creek,  Alabama,  enters  the  Coosa 
River  from  the  right,  in  Cherokee  co. 

Turkhall,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Toorkhal. 

Tiirkheim,  or  Tiirckheim,  tURk'hime  (Fr.  pron. 
tiifik^fim'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  3  miles  W.  of  Colmar.  Pop. 
2547.     It  has  a  trade  in  wine  of  superior  quality. 

Tnrkheim,  toSRk'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Wertach,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augsburg.  It  has  a  castle  and 
a  Capuchin  convent.     Pop.  1460, 

Turkheim,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  SSn't§r,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  WUrtemberg,  3  miles  E,  of  Stuttgart,  on 
the  Neckar,     Pop,  4055. 

Turkije.    See  Turkey. 

Turkistan,  Central  Asia.    See  Toorkistan. 

Turkomans,  Asia.    See  Toorkomans. 

Turk's  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  among  the 
Bahamas,  the  largest  (called  Grand  Turk  or  Turk's  Island), 


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2665 


TUR 


•bout  110  miles  N.  of  Hayti.  Pop.  1878.  Lat.  21°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  71°  W.  They  are  famous  for  the  manufacture  of  salt. 
Politically  they  are  British,  subject,  with  the  Caicos,  to 
the  government  of  Jamaica.  Chief  ports,  Grand  Turk  and 
Salt  Cay. 

Turk'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas. 

Tur'Iey's  Mill,  a  post-office  and  grist-mill  of  Qrainger 
<jo.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  from  Morrietown. 

Tur'leytown,  a  hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  Ya.,  3 
miles  from  Broadway  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Tur'lock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Visalia  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  S. 
of  Stockton.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  several  stores. 

Tor'lough,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  3J  miles 
N.E.  of  Castlebar. 

Tnr'man  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Vigo  co.,  runs 
flouthwestward  through  Sullivan  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash. 

Turmero,  toor-mi'ro,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Aragua,  15  miles  W.  of  Victoria.     Pop.  6040. 

Turmuz,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Tirmez. 

Tnrna,  tooR'ni,  or  Turnu  Magurete,  tooR'noo  mi- 
goo-ri'ti,  a  town  of  Roumania,  near  the  Danube,  nearly 
opposite  Nicopolis.     Pop.  4958. 

Turn'again,  an  island  of  Alaska,  at  the  head  of  the 
more  extensive  part  of  Cook's  Inlet.  Lat.  61°  8'  N. ;  Ion. 
150°  30'.  W.  It  is  about  -Si  miles  long,  and  scarcely  half 
that  in  width.  The  branch  in  which  the  island  lies  di- 
verges in  a  N.E.  direction  from  the  main  inlet,  and  is  called 
Turnagain  Arm. 

Turnau,  t53R'n5w,  Turnow,  t55R'nov,  or  Tur- 
nawa,  tooR-n&'^S,,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Iser,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  4512. 

Tarn'back,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  eo.,  Mo.,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dorchester  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  church. 

Turnback,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  967. 

Tnrn'bridge,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.   P.  1105. 

Turn'bull,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Evergreen.     It  has  a  church. 

Turnbull,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  447. 

Tnrnbull,  a  hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.W. 
•of  Warrenton. 

Tur^neff",  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  near 
the  coast  of  Balize.     Lat.  17°  36'  N. ;  Ion,  87°  46'  W. 

Tnr'ner,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  abont  615  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  nearly  all  prairie.  Cap- 
ital, Parker.     Pop.  in  1880,  5320 ;  in  1890,  10,266. 

Turner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Helena. 

Turner,  or  Turner  Junction,  a  post-village  in 
Winfield  township,  Du  Page  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  divisions  of 
ihe  same,  30  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  rolling-mill,  railroad* 
shops,  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  wagons,  &o.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1506. 

Turner,  Clay  co.,  Ind.    See  Newbubg. 

Turner,  a  post-office  of  Mills  oo.,  Iowa,  8  miles  S.B. 
of  Hastings  Station. 

Turner,  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

Turner,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  oo.,  Ky. 

Turner,  a  post-village  in  Turner  township,  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  on  Twenty  Mile  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Lewis- 
ton.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  tannery.  The  township  is  bounded  E. 
by  the  Androscoggin  River,  It  contains  North  Turner, 
Turner  Centre,  and  Keen's  Mills.    Pop.  of  township,  2380, 

Turner,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  furniture- 
factory,  and  25  families. 

Turner,  Crawford  co..  Pa.    See  Tdrnersvillb. 

Turner  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  oo.. 
Me.,  in  Turner  township,  11  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has 
a  church. 

Turner  Junction,  Illinois,    See  Turner, 

Turner  Park,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  11  miles  W,  of  Chicago,  III. 

Turners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

Turner's,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  near  the 
Highlands,  in  Monroe  township.  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Newburg  Branch 
of  that  road,  48  miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  York,  and  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school, 

Tu  r'n  ersburg,  a  post- village  in  Turnersburg  township, 
IffS 


Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stetesville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  796. 

Tur'ner's  Falls, a  post- village  in  Montague  township, 
Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts 
Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Greenfield,  and  about  38 
miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  lumber-mills 
and  machine-shops,  manufactories  of  cutlery  employing  450 
men  and  a  capital  of  $500,000,  and  several  factories  pro- 
ducing cotton  cloth,  writing-paper,  and  turbine  water- 
wheels.  The  river  here  falls  36  feet,  and  affords  ample 
water-power.  The  village  was  laid  out  in  1866.  Pop. 
about  2000. 

Turner's  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Surry  oo.,  N.C., 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Winston. 

Turner's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Kaufman  oo.,  Tex. 

Turner's  Station  (formerly  Spring  Hill  Depot), 
a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cin- 
oinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Turner's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Johnstown. 

Turner's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Tnr'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J., 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Woodbury.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Tumersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  at  Turner 
Station,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Jamestown.     It  has  a  tannery. 

TurnersTille,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn  , 
about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville. 

Turnersville,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Tur'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Boston  &  New  York  Air-Line  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Willimantic.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  fringes,  silk, 
machine  twist,  organzine,  Ac. 

Turnerville,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Jasper  co.. 
Miss.,  on  Tallahoma  Creek,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Meridian.  It 
contains  the  Turnerville  Academy  and  3  churches. 

Turney  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Turn'ham  Green,  formerly  a  hamlet  8  miles  W.S.W, 
of  London,  Eng.,  is  now  one  of  its  populous  suburbs, 

Turnhout,  tiiRn'hSwt',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
and  25  miles  E,  of  Antwerp,  in  a  wide  heath.  Pop.  15,743. 
It  has  manufactures  of  sacking,  carpets,  linen  cloths,  cut- 
lery, lace,  paper,  and  oil,  with  bleaching-,  dyeing-,  brick-, 
and  tile-works. 

Turn'out,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Turnow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Turn  ait. 

Turn'pike,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Qa, 

Turnpike,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  abont 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Asheville.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  distil- 
lery, and  a  saw-mill. 

Turnpike,  a  post-office  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  York. 

Turnpike  Creek,  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  unites  with  Sugar 
Creek  near  its  mouth. 

Turn's  Bay,  or  Ter'ence  Bay,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  19  miles 
from  Halifax.     Pop.  240. 

Turnu  Magurete,  Roumania.    See  Turna. 

Turnu  Severin,  Roumania.    See  SEVBRiir, 

Turn'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Morsston  Depot.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  store. 

Turnya,  the  smallest  county  of  Hungary.     See  Torna. 

Turon,  too-r5n'  (anc.  Turob'riga),  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  54  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2379. 

Turon,  a  town  of  Annam.    See  Tooron. 

Turones,  an  ancient  name  of  Tours. 

Turquia,  Turquie,  and  Turqne.    See  Turkey. 

Turquino,  tooR-kee'no,  called  also  Pico  Turquino, 
pee'ko  tooR-kee'no,  the  highest  mountain-summit  of  Cuba, 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  island,  50  miles  W.  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba.     Elevatlbn,  about  8000  feet. 

Turre,  tooR'R&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  37  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1635. 

Tur'riff,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Aberdeen,  11  miles 
by  railway  S.S.E.  of  Banff.  Pop.  2277.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  linens  and  thread,  a  bleach-field,  and  a  large  cattle- 
market. 

Turris,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Turis. 

Turris  Julia,  the  ancient  name  of  Trujulo. 


TUR 


2666 


TUS 


Tnrritano,  tooR-Re-t&'no,  a  river  of  the  island  of  Sar* 
dinia,  after  a  general  N.N.W.  course  of  about  35  miles, 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Sassari  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sassari. 

Tnrshiz,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Toorsheez. 

Tursi)  tooR'see,  an  episcopal  city  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
89  miles  E.N.B.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  3261. 

Turtle,  tiir't^l,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.     P.  592. 

Turtle  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Bengaela, 
N.  of  Little  Fish  Bay. 

TnrtljB  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  oo., 
Tex.,  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Houston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Turtle  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Monongahela  River  in  Alleghany  oo., 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Turtle  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Walworth  oo.,  runs 
southwestward  in  Rock  co.,  and  enters  Rock  River  atBeloit. 

Turtle  Creek,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.     P.  1230. 

Turtle  Creek,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.    P.  6560. 

Turtle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in 
Patton  township,  on  a  creek  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  a  school  for  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Turtle  Hill  River.    See  Keya  Paha. 

Turtle  Island,  one  of  the  Fe^jee  group,  in  the  Pacific. 

Turtle  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  West  Africa, 
W.  of  the  island  of  Sherboro. 

Turtle  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Banda  Sea. 

Turtle  Lake,  a  post-oflace  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 

Turtle  Point,  a  headland  of  North  Australia,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Port  Essington. 

Turtle  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  McEean  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  <fc 
Philadelphia  Railroad,  29^  miles  N.  of  Emporium.  It  has 
a  steam  saw-mill  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Turtle  River,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D. 

Turtle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Christiansburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Tur'tletown,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Turtletown,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn. 

Turtleville,  turt^l-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Lewisburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Turtukai,  toorHoo-ki',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Silistria,  on  the  Danube. 

Tnruinthus,Turunthus,  ancient  names  of  the  DuNA. 

Turukhansk,  or  Tnrukha  River.  See  Toorook- 
hInse. 

Turyassn,  too-re-&s-8oo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  separates 
the  states  of  Maranhao  and  Par&,  and  enters  the  At- 
lantic at  the  Bay  of  Turyassu,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  350 
miles.  Its  banks  are  richly  wooded.  On  the  bay  are  the 
towns  of  Tury  and  Arcos. 

Tusa,  too's^,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  its  N.  coast,  0  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Mistretta.     Pop.  4372. 

Tusapan,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Tuspax. 

Tuscaho'ma,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Tuscalame'ta  Creek,  Mississippi,  enters  Pearl  River 
from  the  E.,  in  Scott  co. 

Tuscaloo'sa,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  1346  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Black  Warrior  and  Sipsey  Rivers,  and  also 
drained  by  North  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  tim- 
ber. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron 
ore  and  carboniferous  limestone.  This  county  comprises  a 
part  of  the  coal-field  of  Alabama.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  division  of  the  Queen  &  Croaoent 
Railway  system.  Capital,  Tuscaloosa.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,081 ;  in  1880,  24,957  ;  in  1890,  30,352. 

Tuscaloosa,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Tuscaloosa  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Black  Warrior  River,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation,  and  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Rail- 
road, 55  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham,  420  miles  from  Mobile, 
and  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Selma.  It  was  formerly  the  capi- 
tal of  Alabama.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  state  lunatic 
asylum,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Alabama 
Central  Female  College,  and  the  Tuscaloosa  Female  College, 
and  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Alabama  (non-secta- 
rian), which  was  organized  in  1831  and  has  10  instructors. 
Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1860,  3989 ;  in  1870, 
1689;  in  1880,  2418  ;  in  1890,  4215 

Tuscaloosa  River.    See  Black  Warrior  Riybr. 

Tuscania,  the  ancient  name  of  Toscanella. 

Tus'can  Springs,  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  among  the  foot- 
hills of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  7  miles  E.  of  Red  BluflF.     Here 


are  medicinal  springs,  which  contain  sulphur  and  carbon* 
ates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda. 

Tus'cany  (It.  Totcana,  tos-ki'ni;  Fr.  Toscane,  tos^- 
kin' ;  anc.  Etru'ria,  or  Tus'eia),  a  former  grand  duchy  of 
Italy,  now  forming  a  compartimento  of  that  kingdom,  lat. 
42°  13'  to  44°  30'  N.,  Ion.  9°  12'  to  12°  20'  E.,  bounded 
N.  and  N.E.  by  Emilia,  E.  by  the  Marches  and  Umbria, 
S.  by  the  compartimento  of  Rome,  and  W.  by  that  part  of 
the  Mediterranean  which  takes  the  name  of  the  Tyrrhene 
or  Tyrrhenian  Sea.  Area,  9287  square  miles.  Capital, 
Florence.  Pop.  2,142,525.  It  possesses  several  islands,  of 
which  the  most  important  is  Elba.  It  is  a  region  of  Varied 
character  and  aspect,  but  as  a  whole  is  one  of  the  mof*; 
fertile  and  best-cultivated  parts  of  Italy. 

Tuscarawas,  tils-k%-raw'wuss,  a  county  in  the  E. 
pari  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  539  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Conotten,  Sandy,  Stillwater,  and  Sugar  Creeks,  which 
enter  that  river  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  mostly  un 
dulating,  and  in  some  parts  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  wool,  hay,  cattle,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  nearly  100,000 
acres  of  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  &o.,  are  found.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal 
and  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Ohio  Canal.  Among  its  railroads  are  the 
Qieveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  <k  Wheeling  (now  called  the 
Cleveland,  Lorain  <fc  Wheeling),  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &,  St.  Louis,  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland 
(now  the  Cleveland  &  Marietta),  and  the  Tuscarawas  Branch 
of  the  Cleveland  &,  Pittsburg.  Capital,  New  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  in  1870j  33,840 ;  in  1880,  40,198 ;  in  1890,  46,618. 

Tuscarawas,  township,  Coshocton  oo.,  0.     Pop.  4082. 

Tuscarawas,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  2412. 

Tuscarawas,  a  station  of  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas 
Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Phila- 
delphia, 0. 

Tuscarawas,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.    See  Trenton. 

Tuscarawas  River,  Ohio,  drains  part  of  Summit  co., 
and  runs  southward  through  Stark  and  Tuscarawas  cos. 
It  finally  flows  westward,  and  unites  with  the  Mohican 
River  at  Coshocton  to  form  the  Muskingum.  It  is  about 
125  miles  long.     The  chief  town  on  this  river  is  Massillon. 

Tuscarora,  tus^ka-ro'ra,  a  post-village  of  Elko  co., 
Nevada,  about  50  miles"  N.W!  of  Elko.     Pop.  in  1890,  1156. 

Tuscarora,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Morris  township, 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Dansville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill.- 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    P.  1528. 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.    P.  1224. 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.      P.  1492. 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  899. 

Tuscarora,  a  post-village  in  Schuylkill  township, 
Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  4 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tamaqua.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  the  coal-business. 

Tuscarora,  Ontario.     See  Middleport. 

Tuscarora  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Hunting- 
don CO.,  runs  northeastward  in  Juniata  co.,  and  enters  the 
Juniata  River  about  4  miles  below  Mifilintown. 

Tuscarora  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  ridge 
which  extends  from  the  Juniata  River  to  Maryland.  Its 
direction  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W.  It  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Perry  and  Franklin  on  the  S.E.,  and 
Juniata,  Huntingdon,  and  Fulton  on  the  other  side. 

Tuscarora  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.. 
Pa.,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  planing- 
mill. 

Tuschkau,  tSSsh'kSw,  or  Tansskow,  tSwss'kov,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pilsen,  on  the  Mies 
or  Missa.     Pop.  1268. 

Tuscia,  an  ancient  name  of  Tuscany. 

Tuscola,  tiis-ko'la  or  tiis'ko-la,  a  county  in  the  E. 
part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  830  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Saginaw  Bay,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  Cass  River,  which  runs  southwestward  and 
divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  It  is  also  drained  by 
Sucker  and  White  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak, 
beech,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Bay  City  division 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  and  by  the  Saginaw, 
Tuscola  A  Huron  Railroad.  Capital,  Caro.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,714;  in  1880,  25,738;  in  1890,  32,508. 

Tuscola,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Douglas  co.,  111.,  in 


TUS 


2667 


TWE 


Tusoola  township,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indiana  <fc  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  22  milos  S.  of  Champaign,  36  miles  E.  of 
Decatur,  and  150  miles  S.  hy  W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains 
a  brick  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper ofl5ces,  a  graded  school,  and  2  carriage-factories. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1427;  in  1890,  1897;  of  the  township,  3201. 

Tuscola)  a  post-village  in  Tuscola  township,  Tuscola 
CO.,  Mioh.,  on  Cass  River,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Vassar,  and  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
hotels,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber, 
and  wool.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1291. 

Tnscninm,  the  ancient  name  of  Fbascati. 

Tns'culum,  a  post-ofBce  of  Effingham  co.,  Qa. 

Tusculurai,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  430. 

Tusculum,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Toscnmbia,  tQ8-kiim'be-%,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley  near  the 
Tennessee  River,  on  the  Memphis  <fc  Charleston  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Florence  Branch  Railroad,  3  or  4 
miles  S.  of  Florence,  and  67  miles  W.  of  Huntsville.  It 
has  a  female  college,  a  male  college,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
6  churches.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1369  ;  in  1890,  2491. 

Tuscnmbia)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miller  co..  Mo., 
in  Equality  township,  on  the  Osage  River,  about  35  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  county  buildings,  2 
churches,  a  large  flouring-mill,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
several  business  concerns.     Pop.  about  250. 

Tuskar,  toos^kaR',  or  Knra,  koo'ri,  a  river  of  Kussia, 
joins  the  Seim  a  little  below  Koorsk.     Length,  90  miles. 

Tnskawilla,  tiis^k^-wil'la,  post-office.  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Tuskee'ga,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa. 

Tuskee'gee,  or  Tnskegee,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Macon  co.,  Ala.,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  about  45  miles 
E.  of  Montgomery,  and  48  miles  W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.  It 
has  a  short  narrow-gauge  railroad,  which  connects  at  Che- 
haw  with  the  Western  Railroad.  Tuskeegee  contains  3 
churches  (also  2  for  colored  people),  a  newspaper  office,  the 
Park  High  School  (for  boys),  the  Orphans'  Home  of  the 
Synod  of  Alabama,  and  the  Alabama  Conference  Female 
College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  occupies  one  of  the 
handsomest  buildings  in  the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  1803. 

Tus'ket,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  9  miles  from  Yarmouth.  It 
contains  a  number  of  stores,  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  450. 

Tuspan,  Tuxpan,  toos-p8,n',  Tuxpam,  toos-pim', 
or  Tasapan,  too-si-p3.n',  a  maritime  town  of  Mexico, 
state  and  145  miles  N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  a  river,  5  miles 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  a  large  trade,  and  exports 
much  cedar,  vanilla,  honey,  fustic,  and  coffee.     Pop.  6000. 

Tusqnitee,  tiis-kwit'e,  or  Tusquit'tee,  a  post- 
township  of  Clay  CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  341. 

Tus'sey's  Monntain,  Pennsylvania,  a  ridge  of  the 
Appalachian  chain,  traverses  Bedford  co.  in  its  whole  length 
from  S.W.  to  N.E.,  forms  the  greater  part  of  the  boundary 
between  Blair  and  Huntingdon  cos.,  and  may  be  traced 
through  Centre  co. 

Tus'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Potter  township,  9  miles  from  Spring  Mills.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  store. 

Tus'ten,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1028. 

Tus'ten,  or  Tus'tin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Poygan  Lake,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill.  A  steamer  plies  daily  between  Osh- 
kosh and  Tusten. 

Tusteren,  toos't^r-^n,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway,  E.  of  Christiansund.  Length,  12  miles;  breadth, 
6  miles. 

Tus'tin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osceola  co.,  Mioh.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  86  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Tnstin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
9  miles  S.  of  Anaheim. 

Tnt'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the 
Dove,  and  on  a  railway,  4i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burton-on- 
Trent.  It  has  a  cotton-factory  and  glass-works,  and  large 
fairs.     Pop.  of  parish,  2149, 

Tntela,  the  ancient  name  of  Tttdbla. 

Tnt'hill,  a  village  in  Gardiner  township,  Ulster  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Wallkill  River,  and  1  mile  from  Gardiner 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  20i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-faotory, 
a  saw-mill,  and  2  hotels. 

TutHcor'in,  a  maritime  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin,  with  a 
pearl-fishery  in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar.     Pop.  10,565. 


Tntpya,  too-to'y&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  160 
miles  from  Maranbio,  on  the  Tutoya,  which  forms  the 
westernmost  branch  of  the  Pamahiba. 

Tntschkow,  tootch-kor',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  BessAra- 
bia,  on  the  Danube,  3  miles  E.  of  Ismail. 

Tut'tle  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa, 
about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson. 

Tut'tle's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about 
12  mil^  N.  of  Newton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Tattle's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Tut'tlingen,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of  Black 
Forest,  on  the  Danube,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sigmaringen. 
Pop.  7231.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and 
silken  fabrics,  and  paper. 

Tiitz,  tUtz,  or  Tnczno,  tCSts'no,  a  town,  of  Pruwia, 
in  West  Prussia,  on  three  lakes,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Drain* 
burg.     Pop.  1895. 

Tntzis,  the  ancient  name  of  Ghtrcbe. 

Tux'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Nottingham.     It  has  a  free  grammar-school.     P.  1016. 

Tuxpan,  or  Tuxpam.     See  Tuspan. 

Tuxtla,  tooxt'14,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa, 
near  the  Tabasco,  37  miles  W.  of  Ciudad  Real,  with  a  trade 
in  tobacco  and  cacao.     Pop.  5000. 

Tuy,  twee  (ano.  Tu'da,  or  Tu'dx  ad  Fi'nea),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pontevedra,  on  the 
Minho,  opposite  the  Portuguese  town  of  Valenja  do 
Minho.  Pop.  2781.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures 
of  table-linens,  hats,  leather,  and  liqueurs. 

Tuy,  twee,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  flows  B.,  and  enters 
the  Caribbean  Sea  60  miles  E.  of  Caracas.  Length,  90 
miles. 

Tnz-Ghienl  (-Go!  or  -Gholi).    See  Tooz-Goleb. 

Tuz-Gul,  Toorkistan.    See  Tooz-Gool. 

Tuzkurmaty,  Toorkistan.    See  Toozeoorhatt. 

Tuzia,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Toozla. 

Tver,  or  Twer,  tvfiB  or  tvaiR,  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, between  lat.  56°  and  59°  N.,  Ion.  32°  and  38°  20'  E., 
having  E.  Yaroslav,  S.  Smolensk,  Moscow,  and  Vladimeer, 
W.  Pskov,  and  N.  the  government  of  Novgorod.  Area, 
25,223  square  miles.  Pop.  1,528,881.  Surface  more  ele- 
vated than  in  most  parts  of  Russia,  and  here  the  Volga  and 
its  affluents,  the  Tvertsa,  Mologa,  and  Medvieditza,  rise. 
The  N.  of  the  government  is  hilly ;  elsewhere  the  surface 
is  chiefly  level,  abounding  in  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  poor ; 
but  corn,  hemp,  flax,  and  beans  are  raised.  Forests  are 
extensive,  particularly  in  the  N.  The  manufsustures  com- 
prise bricks,  glass-ware,  woollen  cloths,  leather,  spirits,  lo. 
Commerce  active.  Principal  towns,  Tver  (the  capital), 
Rzhev,  Torzhok,  Ostashkov,  and  Vishnee  VolotohoK. 

Tver,  or  Twer,  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above 
government,  is  on  the  Volga,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  550 
feet  in  length,  and  joined  by  the  Tvertsa,  90  miles  N.W.  of 
Moscow.  Pop.  38,248.  It  comprises  the  town  proper,  sev- 
eral suburbs,  a  citadel,  an  imperial  palace,  a  cathedral  and 
numerous  other  churches,  and  a  seminary.  Here  are  albo 
government  offices,  barracks,  inns,  a  theatre,  a  college,  and 
various  schools.  The  trade  is  considerable,  and  facilitated 
by  canals,  which  establish  a  water  communication  between 
the  Baltic  and  Caspian  Seas.  Tver,  being  on  the  high- 
road between  Moscow  and  St.  Petersburg,  is  an  entrepGt 
for  corn  from  the  S.  destined  for  the  capital,  and  for  goods 
conveyed  overland  to  and  from  Riga.  It  was  founded  in 
1182,  and  was  the  capital  of  a  principality  from  1240  to 
1490.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Tvertsa,  Tvertza,  or  Twertza,  tvist'si,  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Tver,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  110 
miles,  joins  the  Volga  on  the  left  at  Tver.  A  canal  joins 
the  Tvertsa  to  the  Msta,  an  affluent  of  Lake  Ilmen,  and 
thus  forms  a  communication  between  the  Caspian  Sea  and 
the  Baltic. 

Twane,  twain,  a  post-office  of  Dent  oo.,  Mo. 

Twardagora,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Fbstenbkr6. 

Twatatai,  a  suburb  of  Banka  (which  see). 

Tweed  (ano.  Tue'da),A  river  of  Sootland  and  England, 
rises  in  Tweedsbaws,  in  Peebles-shire,  flows  N.E.  and  £. 
through  the  cos.  of  Peebles,  Selkirk,  and  Roxburgh,  and 
then  between  Berwickshire  on  the  N.  and  the  English  ooe. 
of  Northumberland  and  Durham  on  the  S.,  and  finally 
enters  the  North  Sea  at  Berwick.  Length,  95  miles.  Prin- 
cipal affluents,  the  Yarrow,  Ettrick,  Teviot,  and  Till  from 
the  S.,  and  the  Biggar,  Gala,  Lauder,  and  Adder  from  the  N. 

Tweed,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  oo.  of  Rous,  enters 
the  Pacific  near  lat.  28°  10'  S.,  Ion.  153°  30'  E. 

Tweed  (formerly  Iluugerford  Mills),  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Hastings  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Moiraj  25  miles 
N.  of  Belleville.     It  has  good  water-power,  2  saw-millfi. 


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flour-mill,  steam  tannery,  woollen-factory,  iron-foundry,  12 
stores,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Tweeddale,  the  popular  name  of  Peebles. 
Tweed'moutht  a  town  of  England,  in  Northumber- 
land, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tweed,  opposite  Berwick,  of 
which  it  forms  a  handsome  suburb,  connected  with  it  by  a 
stone  bridge,  and  on  the  Newcastle  &  Berwick  Railway.  It 
iias  a  neat  Gothic  church,  a  large  iron-foundry,  and  a  thriving 
salmon-fishery.     Pop.  2809. 

TAveed'side,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  S.  of  Winona.     Pop.  100. 

Twee'lo,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland, 
3  miles  W.  of  Deventer.     Pop.  1120. 

Twelve  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co..  Col. 

Twelve  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  3 
stores. 

Twelve  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Smith  oo.,  Kansas,  60 
miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Twelve  Mile,  post-township,  Madison  co..  Mo.  P.  869. 

Twelve  Mile  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  into 
Saluda  River  in  Lexington  co.,  12  miles  above  Columbia. 

Twelve  Mile  Creek,  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  flows  into 
the  Kiowee  River  12  miles  S.  of  the  court-house. 

Twelve  Mile  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa. 

Twelve  Pole,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Twelve  Pole  Creek,  West  Virginia,  runs  nearly 
northward  through  Wayne  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
at  Ceredo. 

Twenty-Four  Pergun'nahs,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
having  S.  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  The  surface  is  a  dead  level, 
intersected  by  arms  of  the  Ganges,  and  it  comprises  a  part 
of  the  tract  termed  the  Sunderbunds.  Area,  2788  square 
miles.     Capital,  Calcutta.     Pop.  2,557,648. 

Twenty  Mile  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo., 
0.,  2  miles  from  the  Little  Miami  Railroad. 

Twenty-Six  Mile  Creek,  of  Anderson  oo.,  B.C., 
flows  S.W.  into  Kiowee  River. 

Twenty- Six  Mile  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanis- 
laus CO.,  Cal.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Farmington.    It  has  a  church. 

Twer,  Russia.    See  Tver. 

Twertza,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Tvertsa. 

Twick'enham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Thames,  immediately  opposite  Rich- 
mond, with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  handsome  stone 
bridge,  and  on  the  railway  between  London  and  Staines, 
Hi  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.     Pop.  10,533. 

Twiggs,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  376  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Big 
Sandy  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  more 
than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  is  limestone.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  division  of  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Savannah  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia. 
Capital,  JeflFersonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8545;  in  1880,  8918: 
in  1890,  8195. 

Twiggs,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Twiggs'ville,  a  post-office  of  Twiggs  oo.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Buzzard's  Roost  Station. 

TAvil'lingate,  or  Toulinguet,  too-lin'gwet',  a  sea- 
port town  and  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  capital  of 
the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  190  miles  from  St. 
John's.  It  is  situated  on  two  islands  connected  together 
by  a  bridge.  Its  harbor  is  not  very  good,  being  exposed 
to  N.E.  winds.  Copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity, 
and  the  place  was  once  noted  for  its  fine  Newfoundland 
dogs.     Pop.  2790. 

Twin,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.    Pop.  1998. 

Twin,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1799. 

Tw^in,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  about  10  miles  W.  of 
Ghillicothe.  Pop.  2263.  It  contains  Bourneville,  and  is 
drained  by  Paint  Creek. 

Twin  Bluffs,  a  station  in  Richland  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Pine  River  Valley  &  Stevens  Point  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Richland  Centre. 

Twin  Bridges,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  Mon- 
tana, on  the  Beaver  Head  or  Jefferson  River,  about  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Virginia  City.    It  has  a  church,  a  store,  a  hotel,  Ac. 

Twin  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Darke  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Preble  oo.,  intersects  Montgomery  co.,  and 
enters  the  Miami  River  about  3  miles  below  Franklin.  It 
is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Tw^in  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill. 


Twine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Twin  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Fall  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Eureka. 

Twin  Grove,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co.,  111. 

Twin  Grove,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  543. 

Twin  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  7  or  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Twin  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dalton  township,  Mus- 
kegon CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Twin  Lakes,  a  station  in  Salisbury  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winsted.  Here  are  two  small  lakes^ 
named  Washinee  and  Washining. 

Twin  Lakes,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa. 

Twin  Lakes,  township,  Carlton  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  166. 

Twin  Lakes,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co..  Wis. 

Twin  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ky. 

Twin  Mound,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township, 
Douglas  CO.,  Kansas,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lawrence. 
Named  from  two  ancient  mounds. 

Twin  Mountain,  a  post-office  and  summer  report 
of  Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  in  Carroll  township,  among  the  White 
Mountains,  and  on  the  White  Mountain  Railroad,  129  milei 
N.  of  Concord.  Here  is  a  well-known  hotel,  called  the  Twin 
Mountain  House,  which  is  5  or  6  miles  W.  of  the  Fabyan 
House,  and  several  miles  N.  of  the  Twin  Mountain  Peaks. 

Twin  Mountains,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.  Here  are  two  peaks,  the 
North  Twin  and  South  Twin,  which  are  about  1  mile  apart. 
Their  altitude  is  nearly  5000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Twin  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  near  the 
Iowa  River,  about  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Muscatine. 

Twin  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  4  or  5 
miles  from  Hickory  Grove.     It  has  2  churches. 

Twin  River,  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 

Twin  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  Kittson  co.,  Minn. 

Twin  Rivers,  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  are  two  small 
streams  which  rise  in  the  E.  part  of  the  state  and  enter 
Lake  Michigan  at  the  same  point. 

Twins 'burg,  a  post- village  in  Twinsburg  township, 
Summit  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  5 
miles  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3  churches  and  the  Twinsburg 
Institute  or  High  School.  Pop.  about  300.  Butter  and 
cheese  are  the  staple  products  of  this  township,  which  has 
8  cheese-factories  and  a  pop.  of  729. 

Twin  Sis'ters,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Twin  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Linn  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
13  miles  S.  of  Paola. 

Twin'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  oo.,  Tenn.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Twist'ville,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Two  Creeks,  township,  Manitowoc  oo..  Wis.  Pop.  656. 

Two  Creeks,  Wisconsin,  is  the  same  place  as  Nero. 

Twofold  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia, 
30  miles  N.  of  Cape  Howe.  Lat.  of  Point  Brierly,  near 
the  head  of  the  bay,  37<»  6'  2"  S. ;  Ion.  149°  68'  2"  B.  It 
receives  the  Towamba  River.  On  the  N.  side  is  the  village 
of  Eden,  and  on  the  S.  shore  Boydtown. 

Two  Islands,  a  hamlet  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  6  miles  from  Parrsborough.     Pop.  100. 

Two  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Indiana  Branch  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  about  15  houses. 

Two  Lick  Creek,  of  Indiana  oo..  Pa.,  flows  into 
Yellow  Creek. 

Two  Locks,  a  village  of  Washington  oo.,  Md.,  on  the 
Potomac  River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  3^  miles 
from  North  Mountain  Station.  It  has  large  flouring-mills 
and  a  wagon-factory. 

Two  Mile  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Two  Moi^ntains  (Deux  Montagues),  a  county  of 
Quebec,  having  the  Ottawa  River  for  its  S.  boundary.  Area. 
258  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  Riviere  du  Nord 
and  Riviere  du  ChSne,  which  flow  into  the  Ottawa.  Its 
chief  towns  are  Sainte  Scholastique  (the  capital),  Saint 
Columbin,  and  Saint  Augustin  de  Montreal.     Pop.  16,615. 

Two  Rivers,  a  post-township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  24  miles 
above  St.  Cloud.     It  has  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  1056. 

Two  Rivers,  or  Twin  Rivers,  a  post-village  of 
Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  West- 
ern Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Manitowoc.  Two  small  rivers 
(called  Bast  Two  and  West  Two)  here  enter  the  lake.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and 


TWO 


2669 


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manufactures  of  chairs,  furniture,  leather,  sash,  blinds,  <kc. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2052;  in  1890,  2870. 

Two  Rnn,  a  post-office  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga. 

Two  Sicilies,  Kinqdoh  op.    See  Naples. 

Two  Taverns,  a  post-bamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Mount  Joy  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  2 
or  3  ohurobes  near  it. 

Twyman's  (twi'mans)  mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Orange  Court-House. 

Twyman's  Store,  post-office,  Spottsylvania  oo.,  Va. 

Tyana,  the  ancient  name  of  Kiz-Hissar. 

Tyaskin,  ti'Ss-kin,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Nantiooke,  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Salisbury.     P.  1690. 

Tybee  (ti-bee')  Island,  in  Tybee  Bay,  the  S.  side  of 
the  entrance  to  the  Savannah  Kiver,  Ga.  At  its  N.  end  is 
a  fixed  light,  80  feet  high.     Lat.  32°  N. ;  Ion.  80°  52'  W. 

Tybein,  or  Tybain,  te-bin'  (It.  Dvino,  doo-ee'no),  a 
seaport  town  of  Austria,  2  miles  from  Triest,  with  a  small 
harbor.     It  was  once  walled  and  otherwise  fortified. 

Ty'bo,  a  post-office  and  mining-oamp  of  Nye  co.,  Nov., 
98  miles  from  Eureka  Station.  It  has  a  quartz-mill,  and  a 
smelting-furnace  for  silver  or  gold. 

Tybris,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Tibbr. 

Tychuw,  a  village  of  Prussia.     See  TiCHAiT. 

Tycocktow  (ti-kak-t6w')  Island,  in  the  Canton 
River,  China,  8  miles  long  and  6  miles  broad,  bounds  the 
"  inner"  and  "  outer  waters"  at  the  entrance  of  the  Boca 
Tigris.     It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1841. 

Tye  (ti)  River,  a  small  stream  in  the  S.E.  central  part 
of  Virginia,  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  flows  S.E. 
through  Nelson  co.,  and  enters  James  River.  It  furnishes 
motive-power  for  mills. 

Tye  River  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  oo.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Lynchburg.     It  has  1  or  2  flouring-mills  on  Tye  River. 

Ty'gart's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky. 

Ty'gart*s  Val'ley  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in 
Randolph  oo.,  runs  northward  through  Barbour  and  Taylor 
COS.,  and  unites  with  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela 
River  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Fairmont.     Length,  140  miles. 

Tygert's  Creek,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Carter  co., 
runs  northward  through  Greenup  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  2  or  3  miles  from  Portsmouth,  0. 

Ty'ghee(Tar'gee,  or  Tah'gee)  Pass,  a  depression 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  range,  about  4  miles  E.  of  Henry 
Lake,  Idaho,  and  near  lat.  44°  41'  N.  It  is  7063  feet  in 
elevation,  and  forms  one  of  the  gatewavs  to  the  Madison 
Valley. 

Tygh  (ti)  Valley,  a  post-office  and  fertile  valley  of 
Wasco  CO.,  Oregon,  31  miles  from  The  Dalles. 

Ty-Ho,  China.     See  Lantao. 

Ty'ler,  a  county  in  the  E.  part, of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  930  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Neohes  River,  and  is  drained  by  Beech,  Turkey,  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Wood- 
Tille.     Pop.  in  1870,  6010;  in  1880,  5825  ;  in  1890, 10,877. 

Tyler,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  state 
of  Ohio,  and  is  intersected  by  Middle  Island  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  butter,  pork, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are 
limestone  and  bituminous  coal.  The  Ohio  River  Railroad 
traverses  this  county.  Capital,  Middlebourne.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7832;  in  1880,  11,073;  in  1890,  11,962. 

Tyler,  a  post-office  of  Prairie  oo..  Ark. 

Tyler,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Minn. 

Tyler,  a  township  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1286. 

Tyler,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Brookville. 

Tyler,  a  station  in  Susqaehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Tyler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smith  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Northern  division  of  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Troupe,  and  25  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Mineola.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  public  library,  a  bank- 
ing-house, the  Charnwood  Institute,  printing-offices  whioh 
issue  2  daily  newspapers,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2423;  in  1890,  6908. 

Tyler  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township.  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  <fc  Derby  Railroad, 
about  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven. 


Tyler  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Damascus  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Cochecton,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Tyler  Park,  a  station  of  the  Northern  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  3  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Tyler's,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Ty'lersburg,  a  post-village  in  Farmington  township. 
Clarion  oo.,  Pa.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Tionesta,  and  about  22 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  lumber- 
mills,  a  drug-store,  and  2  general  stores. 

Tyler's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va., 
13  miles  S.  of  Milton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ty'lersport,  apost- village  in  Upper  Salford  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Telford  Station,  and 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  coach -factory, 
2  cigar-factories,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Ty'lersville,  a  post-village  in  Logan  township,  Clinton 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Tylersville,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Tyler  Town,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Miss. 

Ty'lertown,  a  hamlet  of  Ashland  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Fork,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Lake  Fork  Post-Office. 

Ty'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  oo..  Conn.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  15  miles  below  Mid- 
dletown. 

Tylerville,  a  hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  creamery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  South 
Rutland  Post-Office. 

Tylos,  an  ancient  name  of  Bahrein  Island. 

Tymochtee,  ti-mSk'te,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tymoohtee 
township,  Wyandot  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  about 
16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  is  near  Tymochtee  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Upper  Sandusky.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1631. 

Tymochtee  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Marion  oo.,  runs 
northward  in  Wyandot  co.,  and  enters  the  Sandusky  River 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Upper  Sandusky. 

Tymphrestus,  the  ancient  name  of  Vblttchi. 

Tyndall,  Mount,  California.     See  Mount  Ttndall. 

Tyndaris.    See  Tindare. 

Tyne,  tin,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  North  and  South  Tyne. 
near  Hexham,  from  which  town  it  has  mostly  an  E.  course 
to  the  North  Sea,  separating  the  boroughs  of  North  and 
South  Shields.  Total  course  from  Hexham,  35  miles,  for 
the  last  18  miles  of  which  it  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  counties  of  Northumberland  and  Durham.  Principal 
affluent,  the  Derwent,  from  the  S.  Its  banks  are  steep, 
and  it  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  Newcastle  for  vessels  of 
300  to  400  tons'  burden.  It  is  of  great  commercial  im- 
portance. The  North  Tvne  rises  on  the  border  of  Scot- 
land, and  runs  S.E.  and  S.,  past  Bellingham  and  Cheller- 
ford,  receiving  the  Reed  from  the  N.  The  South  Ttne  rises 
in  Cumberland,  flows  N.  and  E.,  past  Aldstone  and  Halt- 
whistle,  and  with  the  Tyne  is  accompanied  in  its  whole 
course  l3y  the  Newcastle  A  Carlisle  Railway. 

Tyne,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  parish  of 
Borthwick,  flows  mostly  N.E.  through  Haddingtonshire, 
and  enters  the  North  Sea  at  Tynninghame,  2}  milee  N.W. 
of  Dunbar,  after  a  course  of  28  miles. 

Tyne'month,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Northumber- 
land, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tyne,  at  its  mouth  in  the 
North  Sea,  adjacent  to  North  Shields,  and  on  a  railway,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Newcastle.  Pop.  46,688.  Tynemouth,  at 
the  E.  angle  of  the  borough,  facing  the  sea,  has  many  inns 
and  lodging-houses  for  visitors,  who  resort  to  it  for  bathing, 
a  castle  of  the  eleventh  century,  on  a  lofty  rock,  now  used 
for  barracks  and  military  magazines,  and  a  light-house  in 
lat.  66°  1'  3"  N.,  Ion.  1°  26'  W. 

Tynemouth,  New  Brunswick.    See  Ten  Mile  Greek. 

Ty'ner,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co..  Ark. 

Tyner,  a  post-bamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  in  Elkhart 
township,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  16  miles  S. 
of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

Tyner,  Guernsey  co.,  0.    See  Miller's. 

Tyner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tyner,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Tyner,  Ashland  oo..  Wis.    See  Silver  Creek. 

Tyner  City,  a  post-village  in  Polk  township,  Marshall 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  at 
Tyner  Station,  23  miles  S.E.  of  La  Porte,  and  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Plymouth.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  i  stores. 
Pop.  about  200. 


TYN 


2670 


TYR 


Ty'ner's,  a,  station  in  Fayette  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, llamiiton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of 
Connersville. 
Ty'nerville,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 
Tyngsborough,  tingz'biir-raii,  a  post-village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Tyngsborough  township,  on  the  Mer- 
rimac  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad, 
6i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lowell,  and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brushes  and  shoddy. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  665. 

Ty'nish,  an  islet  ofif  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
ttalway,  2  miles  W.  of  Lettermore. 

Typinsan,  ti-pin-sin',  the  easternmost  and  largest  of 
the  Madjicosima  Islands,  in  the  China  Sea.  Lat.  24°  43' 
N. ;  Ion.  125°  29'  E.  Length,  20  miles  ;  greatest  breadth, 
10  miles,  at  its  W.  end.  A  dangerous  reef  is  on  the  N.  side. 
Ty'ra,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co,,  N.C.,  20  miles  from 
Carthage. 

Tyrana,  te-ri'ni,  a  city  of  European  Turkey,  in  Al- 
bania, 15  miles  N.  by  E,  of  El-Bassan.     It  is  noted  for  its 
beautiful  mosques  and  spacious  market-plaoea. 
Tyras,  the  ancient  name  of  Akerhan. 
Tyras,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Dniester. 
Tyrcon'nel,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Wallacetown.     It  contains  several  stores  and 
mills.     Pop.  160. 

Tyrconnel  (tlr-kon'n§l)  MineS)  a  post-office  and 
mining-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  at  Tyrconnel  Station 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Clarks- 
burg.    Coal  is  mined  here. 

Tyre,  a  maritime  city  of  antiquity.    See  Soor. 
Tyre,  tire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  oo.,  Mich.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Cass  River,  about  54  miles  B.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Tyre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tyre  township,  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  N.  of  Seneca  Falls,  and  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Au- 
burn. It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Seneca  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1218. 
Tyree,  or  Tyry.    See  Tirek. 

Tyr'ell's  Bay,  an  inlet  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  St.  Vincent,  in  the  British  West  Indies.  On  it  is 
the  village  of  Calliaqua,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston. 

Tyria,  tlr'e-i,  or  'Tireh,  tee'rSh,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  near  the  Little  Mender  River  (anc.  Cai/s'ter),  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Smyrna,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Tmolus.  It 
has  numerous  mosques. 

Tyri-Fiord,  tii're-fe-oRd',  a  lake  of  Norway,  16  miles 
W.  of  Christiania.  Length,  16  miles;  breadth,  7  miles.  On 
the  N.  it  receives  the  Beina-Elf,  and  on  the  S.  it  gives 
efflux  to  the  Drammen  River. 

Tyringham,  tS6r'ing-ham,  a  post-township  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  517. 

Tyrnau,  te§R'n6w,  or  Ternava,  t^R-ni'vi  (Hun. 
If^agy  Szombath,  nSdj  som^bot'),  a  town  of  West  Hungary, 
CO.  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Presburg,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  railway.  Pop.  9737.  It  has  numerous  churches, 
a  Roman  Catholic  college,  military  and  other  schools,  a 
public  library,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics, 
a  considerable  trade,  and  important  annual  fairs. 

Ty'ro,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  18  miles  from 
Varner  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Tyro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tate  co.,  Miss.,  16  miles  W.  of 
Senatobia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Tyro,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Yadkin  River,  6  miles  from  Linwood  Station.  Pop.  985. 
Tyrol,  dr'rol  (Ger.  pron.  te-r51'),  and  Yorarlberg, 
f5r-aRl'bdRO  (anc.  Rhmtia  and  a  part  of  Noricum),  a  crown- 
land  of  Austria- Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  enclosed  by  Ca- 
rinthia,  Salzburg,  Bavaria,  Switzerland,  Liechtenstein,  and 
Italy,  lat.  45°  40'  to  47°  41'  N.,  Ion.  9°  30'  to  12°  30'  E., 
the  W.  portion,  to  the  sources  of  the  Stanz,  forming  Vorarl- 
berg,  and  the  E.  portion  Tyrol  proper.  Area,  11,324  square 
miles.  Pop.  928,769.  It  is  mountainous  throughout,  and  in 
regard  to  scenery  is  second  only  to  Switzerland,  of  which  it 
may  be  regarded  as  a  continuation.  The  Alps,  entering  it 
from  Switzerland,  stretch  across  it  from  W.  to  E.  in  three 
chains.  The  loftiest  of  these  is  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  which, 
occupying  the  centre,  divide  the  country  into  a  N.  and  S. 
portion.  In  this  chain  are  situated  Mount  Ortler,  12,852 
feet,  and  the  Gross-Glockner,  13,100  feet  high.  The  second 
parallel  chain,  situated  in  the  N.,  not  far  from  the  frontier, 
forms  the  Tyrolese  or  German  Alps  ;  and  the  third  chain, 
to  which  the  name  of  the  Trent  Alps  is  given,  bends  round 
from  the  Lago  di  Garda,  and  continues  E.  till  it  becomes 
linked  with  the  Carnic  Alps.   All  these  chains  descend  very 


abruptly  on  the  S.  side,  and  form  short  Lateral  valleys,  but 
on  their  N.  sides  generally  slope  gradually  by  terraces,  the 
spaces  between  which  are  occupied  by  longitudinal  valleys. 
Many  of  the  summits  are  capped  with  perpetual  snow ;  and 
glaciers,  covering  in  all  a  space  of  about  170  square  miles, 
descend  into  the  valleys  to  the  level  of  about  4000  feet. 
Notwithstanding  the  height  of  the  chains,  the  Tyrol  has 
several  of  the  lowest  passes  in  the  Alps.  The  celebrated 
Brenner  Pass  is  little  more  than  4000  feet  above  sea-level 
The  other  principal  passes  are  the  Malserheide,  Timbljoch, 
Arlberg,  Schlossberg,  Achen  Pass,  and  the  pass  of  San 
Pellegrino.  Th6  loftiest  of  all  the  passes  is  the  Stelvio  or 
Stilfserjoch,  the  height  of  which  is  9100  feet. 

The  drainage  is  divided  between  the  basins  of  the  Rhine, 
the  Danube,  and  the  Po.  The  first,  forming  part  of  the 
N.W,  boundary,  receives  the  waters  of  the  Vorarlberg.  A 
much  larger  share  of  drainage  is  received  by  the  Danube, 
whose  important  tributary  the  Inn  receives  from  both  the 
Rhaetian  and  the  Tyrolese  Alps  numerous  streams  fed  by 
perpetual  snow  and  glaciers.  Another  large  supply  sent 
to  the  Danube  proceeids  from  the  S.  side  of  the  Rhaetian 
Alps,  where  the  waters  go  to  augment  its  affluent  the 
Drave.  The  Adriatic  receives  its  share  chiefly  through 
the  Adige.  None  of  the  rivers  are  of  much  navigable  im- 
portance ;  but  their  effect  on  the  scenery  may  be  estimated 
from  the  fact  that  they  form  above  150  large  waterfalls. 
The  largest  lakes,  the  Garda  and  Constance,  though  situ- 
ated on  the  frontiers,  belong  less  to  Tyrol  than  to  other 
countries.  The  others,  though  very  numerous  and  pictu- 
resque, are  small. 

The  climate  in  the  N.  is  severe,  but  not  so  much  so  as  in 
the  W.,  where  the  greatest  degree  of  cold  is  felt ;  in  the  S. 
it  becomes  much  milder,  and  almost  Italian.  The  annual 
fall  of  rain  is  very  nearly  equal  in  both  the  N.  and  the  S., 
and  averages  about  26  inches. 

About  one-third  of  the  whole  surface  is  occupied  by  per- 
petual snows,  glaciers,  and  inaccessible  barren  rocks.  Rather 
more  than  another  third  is  covered  with  forests.  The  re- 
maining portion  includes  large  tracts  of  commons,  meadows, 
gardens,  vineyards,  and  arable  lands.  The  commons  and 
meadows  are  employed  in  rearing  cattle,  which  in  all  the 
higher  districts  forms  the  principal  occupation.  The  most 
numerous  stock  are  sheep  and  goats.  Vast  quantities  of 
fruits  are  grown,  and  the  vine  succeeds  well  and  produces 
wines  of  excellent  quality.  Other  objects  of  subsidiary 
culture  are  olives  and  mulberries.  The  farms  are  generally 
small,  and  the  operations  of  husbandry  are  conducted  with 
little  skill ;  but  the  spirit  of  industry  is  untiring,  and  a 
large  amount  of  produce  is  obtained.  The  principal  cropi 
are  maize,  rye,  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  potatoes.  Hemp, 
flax,  tobacco,  and  sumach  are  also  largely  grown.  The 
rearing  of  canary-birds  is  pursued  on  a  large  scale,  and 
most  parts  of  Europe  are  supplied  with  singing-birds  from 
Tyrol.  Wolves,  bears,  wild  ooars,  marmots,  chamois,  &q., 
inhabit  the  mountain-districts.  The  minerals,  which  once 
formed  the  chief  source  of  wealth,  are  less  productive 
than  formerly,  but  are  still  worked.  The  most  important 
are  iron  and  salt;  but  both  gold  and  silver  are  obtained, 
also  copper  and  lead.  Of  the  manufactures  of  Tyrol  the  , 
first  place  belongs  to  the  spinning  and  weaving  of  silk, 
which  has  its  principal  localities  in  Roveredo,  Botzen,  and 
Trent.  The  next  in  order  is  metal-ware,  including  articles 
in  copper,  iron,  and  brass,  shovels,  wire,  nails,  and  scythes. 
Another  manufacture  in  which  the  Tyrolese  display  in- 
genuity is  that  of  articles  in  wood.  Lace  and  embroidery 
and  glove-making  employ  a  great  many  persons. 

There  are  few  countries  in  which  the  devotional  feeling 
is  so  strong  ;  and  it  has  doubtless  contributed  to  the  forma- 
tion of  that  simple,  pure,  manly,  and  independent  character 
for  which  the  Tyrolese  are  distinguished.  Nearly  all  are 
Roman  Catholics.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  emigrate  as 
laborers  into  the  neighboring  countries.  Tyrol  has  its 
own  national  diet,  composed  of  the  nobility,  clergy,  and 
deputies  of  the  towns  and  of  the  rural  districts,  who  meet 
in  one  chamber.     Capital,  Innspruck. 

Tyrol  formed  part  of  ancient  Rhmtia,  and,  after  a  long 
and  noble  struggle  to  maintain  its  independence,  was  con- 
verted into  a  Roman  province.  It  suffered  much  from  the 
inroads  of  the  Northern  barbarians,  and  at  a  later  period 
was  governed  by  counts,  who  continued  in  possession  till 
1264,  when,  the  line  becoming  extinct,  the  Count  of  Goritz 
succeeded.  His  heirs  governed  till  1363,  when  the  succes- 
sion opened  to  a  female,  who  ceded  it  to  the  Archduke  of 
Austria.  It  has  since  remained  in  the  possession  of  that 
family,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  period  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  century,  when  Napoleon  gave  it  to  the 
Bavarians. Adj.  and  inhab,  Tyrolese,  tlr^o-leoz' 


TYR 


2671 


UBE 


I 


Tyrone,  ti-r5n',  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  having 
N.  the  00.  of  Londonderry,  E.  Armagh,  S.  Monaghan,  and 
W.  Donegal,  Area,  1260  scniare  miles.  Surface  hilly, 
rising  into  mountains  in  the  N.  and  S.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Blackwater  and  Foyle,  with  their  tributaries.  Lough 
Neagh  forms  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  Soil  in  the  lower 
districts  fertile,  but  agriculture  generally  very  backward. 
Principal  crops,  potatoes  and  oats,  with  a  little  barley,  flax, 
and  clover.  A  considerable  quantity  of  good  coal  is  raised. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  linens,  woollens, 
blankets,  whisky,  beer,  flour,  meal,  and  earthenwares. 
Principal  towns,  Strabane,  Dungannon,  Cookstown,  and 
Omagh.  Tyrone  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. The  O'Neils  were  kings  in  Ireland  antecedent  to 
Christianity,  and  were  chiefs  of  Tyrone  when  the  rebellion 
of  1597  broke  out  under  their  auspices.     Pop.  171,401. 

Tyrone,  ti-r5n',  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  at  Tyrone  Mills  Station, 
74  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Tyrone,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &,  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albia. 

Tyrone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Westminster. 

Tyrone,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich,  Pop.  866.  See 
Kent  Citt. 

Tyrone,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1166.    Tyrone  Post-Office  is  6  miles  S.  of  Fentonville. 

Tyrone,  a  township  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  940. 

Tyrone,  a  post-village  in  Tyrone  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  W.  of  Watkins,  and  about  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  4  stores, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  250.  The  township 
contains  other  villages,  named  Wayne  and  Weston.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1964. 

Tyrone,  a  post-office  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0. 

Tyrone,  a  township  of  Adams  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1009. 

Tyrone,  a  post-borough  in  Snyder  township,  Blair  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Little  Juniata  River  and  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona,  and  56  miles  S.W. 
of  Lock  Haven.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Railroad  and  of  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch 
Railroad.  It  has  6  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  3  banks, 
large  iron-works,  2  planing-mills,  a  tannery,  a  furniture- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1004 ;  in  1890,  1239. 

Tyrone,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2276. 

Tyrone,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1287. 

Tyrone,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
N.  of  Bowmanville.  It  contains  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Tyron'za,  a  post-office  of  Cross  co..  Ark.,  i  mile  from 
the  St.  Francis  River,  and  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Madison. 

Tyros,  an  ancient  name  of  Bahrein  Island. 

Tyrrel,  tlr'r^l,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  on  the  E.  by  Alligator 
River,  which  is  several  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  pine,  red 
cedar,  <&c.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  in  some  parts  swampy. 
Maize,  pork,  and  cotton  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Columbia. 
No  railroad  traverses  this  county,  the  nearest  station  being 
Creswell.    Pop.  in  1870,  4173 ;  in  1880,  4645  ;  in  1890, 4225. 

Tyr'reli,  or  Hope'ville,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk 
■CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Simcoe.     Pop.  100. 


Tyrrell  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Youngstown  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  milei 
N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  itave-factory, 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Tyr'rePs  Pass,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Westmeath, 
8^  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mullingar.  Pop.  476.  It  waa  the  scena 
of  bloody  contests  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth. 

Tyrrhene,  tlr'reen  or  tlr-reen',  or  Tyrrhe'nian 
Sea  (anc.  Tyrrhe'num  Ma're),  is  a  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients and  by  many  modem  geographers  to  that  part  of  the 
Mediterranean  which  extends  between  the  coast  of  Italy 
and  the  islands  of  Corsica,  Sardinia,  and  Sicily. 

Tyrsild,  a  river  of  Norway.    See  Klar. 

Tyrus,  an  ancient  name  of  Soon. 

Tyry,  one  of  the  Hebrides  Islands.    See  Tirib. 

Tyschyt,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Tishxkt. 

Tysdrus,  the  ancient  name  of  El-Jemv. 

Tysmienica,  tis-m'ydn-eet'si,  a  town  of  Austrian  Qa- 
licia,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stanislawow.  Pop.  7158.  It  haa 
Catholic,  Greek  United,  and  Armenian  churches,  and  a 
trade  in  wax,  leather,  and  cattle. 

TysndsOe,  tiis^n5-s<>'£h,  an  island  of  Norway,  25  miles 
S.  of  Bergen,  at  the  entrance  of  Hardanger-Fiord.  Length, 
11  miles ;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Ty'son,  a  township  of  Stanley  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  880. 

Tyson  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  oo.,  Vt., 
in  Plymouth  township,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tyson's,  a  station  of  the  Vicksburg  t  Brunswick  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Eufaula,  Ala. 

Tyson's  Mills,  a  village  of  Webster  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dee  Moinea 
City.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Ty'sor's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  5i 
miles  from  Egypt  Depot.  Here  are  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw 
miU. 

Ty  Ty,  a  post-office  of  Worth  oo.,  Ot&.,  on  the  Bruna- 
wick  &  Albany  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Tywap'pity,  township,  Mississippi  co.,  Mo.    P.  1778. 

Tzaglaik,  tsig-llk'  (?),atown  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  64  miles  E.  of  Seres,  on  the  Kara-Soo,  near  the 
iEgean  Sea. 

Tzana,  or  Zana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.    See  Deubsa. 

Tzarevokokshaisk.    See  Tsaretokokshaisk. 

Tzarevosantchnrsk.    See  Tsarevosantchoorsk. 

Tzaritzin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Tsaritsin. 

Tzarskoe>Selo,  Russia.    See  Tsarskoe-Sblo. 

Tzatalze,  a  town  of  Thessaly.    See  Sataloe. 

Tzerina,  a  town  of  Cyprus.    See  Cerina. 

Tzernogora,  the  native  name  of  Montenegro. 

Tzimnitza,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Siitnitsa. 

Tzimova,  tse-mo'vi,  a  large  village  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Koron,  20  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Cape  Matapan. 

Tzintzoutzan,  tsint-soo-ts&n',  a  town  of  Mexioo, 
state  of  Michoacan,  on  a  small  lake,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Val- 
ladolid,  with  some  remains  of  ancient  architecture.  It  waa 
originally  the  capital  of  the  Indian  kingdom  of  Miohoaoan. 
Pop.  about  6000. 

Tzipa,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Tstpa. 

Tzivilsk,  or  Tsivilsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  62  miles  W.  of  Kazan. 

Tzna,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Zna. 


u. 


Uahuga,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Washington. 

Ualan,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Oualan. 

Uanapn,  oo-&-n&-poo',  or  Anapa,  &-n&-poo',  a  river 
•of  Brazil,  state  of  Parfi,  joins  the  Pari  S.  of  the  island  of 
Marajo,  after  a  N.  course  of  400  miles. 

Uapoa,  Marquesas  Islands.    See  Roapoa. 

Untnma,  oo-4-too'm4,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Par&, 
joins  the  Amazon  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Silves,  after  a  S.S.E. 
course  estimated  at  350  miles. 

Uaupes,  w5w'pSs,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Rio  Negro 
•on  the  right,  near  the  equator.     Lon.  67°  40'  W. 

Uba,  oo'bi,  a  village  and  parish  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Slinas-Geraes,  near  an  affluent  o'  the  Parahiba  do  SoL 


Uba,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Ooba. 

Ubach,  oo'b&K,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  IS  mllet 
N.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  1268. 

Ubahi,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Itahi. 

Ubahy,  a  lake  and  river  of  Bolivia.     See  Maqdalena. 

Ubatnba,  oo-b4-too'b4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Sio  Paolo, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Romtos.     Pop.,  with  district,  fiOOO. 

Ubaye,  li-bi',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Basses 
Alpes,  after  a  W.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Durance. 

Ubeda,  oo-bA'd4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaon.  Pop.  18,378.  It  has  remains  of  an. 
cient  walls,  a  cathedral,  formerly  a  mosque,  manufactures 
of  woollens  and  earthenwares,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  fruits. 


UBE 


2672 


UGI 


oil,   wine,   and   horses.      It  was  taken   from   the  Moors 
in  1212. 

Uberava,  oo-b4^ri'v3,.  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  about  200  miles  W.  of  Ouro  Pi-eto. 

UberlingeU)  a  town  of  Baden.     See  Ukberliksbit. 

Ubersdorf^  Switzerland.     See  Uebersdoup. 

UbeS)  Saint)  a  city  of  Portugal.     See  Setttbal. 

U  Bet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ubiy  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Obt. 

UbriquC)  oo-Bree'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  46 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cadiz.  Pop.  4876.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollens. 

Ubsa  Nor,  a  lake  of  China.    See  Oobsa  Nor. 

Ubstadt,  56p'stitt,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle 
Rhine,  3  miles  N.E.  jof  Bruchsal.     Pop.  1112. 

Ucayale,  oo-ki-&'l&,  Ucayali,  oo-kl-&'lee,  or  Paro, 
pi'ro,  a  large  river  of  Peru,  E.  of  the  Andes,  and  one  of 
the  principal  head-streams  of  the  Amazon.  It  unites  with 
the  Tunguragua,  after  a  N.  course  of  900  miles,  near  lat.  4° 
25'  S.,  Ion.  72°  30'  E.,  to  form  the  Amazon.  It  receives 
numerous  and  considerable  afSuents,  the  chief  being  the 
Apurimac.  It  is  navigable  from  the  Amazon  for  large  ves- 
sels to  Sarayacu,  lat.  7°  S. 

Uccle,  iik'I,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  2 
miles  S.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  6939. 

Uceda,  oo-th&'D&,  a  decayed  city  of  Spain,  province  and 
25  miles  W.  of  Soria.  Pop.  937.  In  its  castle  Ximenes 
was  once  confined.  Near  it  a  small  Christian  population 
lived  undisturbed  throughout  the  Moorish  dominion. 

Uchee)  yu'chee,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Opelika. 

Uchee  Anna,  Florida.    See  Eucheb  Anna. 

Uchee  Creek,  Alabama.    See  Euoheb  Creek. 

Uchee  Creek,  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the 
Savannah  River. 

Uchi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Oochee. 

Uchizy,  ii^shee^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa&ne-et- 
Loire,  arrondissement  of  M&con.     Pop.  1482. 

Uch-Keleeseh,  Armenia.    See  Utch-Kilissa. 

TJchte,  SSK't^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Nienburg.     Pop.  1232. 

Uchte,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony,  government  of 
Magdeburg,  tributary  to  the  Elbe. 

Ucker,  5ok'k§r,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  flows 
intft  the  Little  Hafi"  (see  Stettiner-Haff)  at  Uckermiinde. 

Uckermiinde,  iik'k^r-miinMeh,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  82  miles  N.W.  of  Stettin,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Ucker.     Pop.  4621. 

Ucles,  oo-klds'  (anc.  Urcetat),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  W.  of  Cuenca,  at  the  foot  of  a  height 
crowned  by  a  famous  monastery  founded  in  the  twelfth 
century  on  the  site  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  1053. 

Udai,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Oodai. 

Udaipur,  a  state  of  India.    See  Oodetpoob. 

U^dall',  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Udayaghiri,  the  ancient  name  of  Oudghir. 

Uddevalla,  ood'd§h-virii,  a  town  of  South  Sweden, 
Isen  and  45  miles  N.  of  Gothenburg,  on  a  deep  inlet  of  the 
Cattegat.  Pop.  6315.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
linen  fabrics,  snuflF,  sugar,  and  leather. 

Ud'dingston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  on 
the  Clyde,  and  on  the  Caledonian  Railway,  7  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Glasgow.     It  has  manufactures  of  farm-tools.     P.  1310. 

U^dell',  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  914. 

Udem,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.     See  Uedem. 

Uden,  U'd§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  North  Bra- 
bant, 14  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.   Pop.  of  commune,  5338. 

Udenhout,  U'd^n-h5wt\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
North  Brabant,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2016. 

Udepoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Oodeepoob. 

Udhanala,  a  town  of  India.    See  Oudanulla. 

Udiajnpernr,  India.    See  Diamper. 

TJdina,  yoo-di'na,  a  post-hamlet  in  Elgin  township, 
Kane  co.,  111.,  4  or  5  miles  W.  of  Elgin.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Udine,  oo'de-ni,  or  Udige  (anc.  Vedi'numi  L.  Uti'- 
nu»i),  a  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  a  province,  and  formerly 
capital  of  Friuli,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Venice,  in  an  extensive 
plain  on  the  Canal  of  La  Roja,  near  the  Torre  River.  It 
forms  a  kind  of  double  town, — an  outer,  surrounded  by 
walls,  and  an  inner,  also  surrounded  by  walls  and  ditches. 
It  is  entered  by  6  gates,  and  consists  for  the  most  part 
of  narrow  and  crooked  streets  lined  with  arcades.  Its 
principal  square  is  spacious,  and  adorned  with  a  fine 
pillar  intended  to  commemorate  the  peace  of  Campo-For- 


mio,  a  village  in  the  neighborhood.  Immediately  below 
the  castle  is  a  fine  promenade  laid  out  in  planted  alleys ;: 
and  in  the  vicinity,  approached  by  an  avenue  of  plane 
trees,  is  the  Campo  Santo,  which  ranks  as  one  of  the  finest 
cemeteries  in  Europe.  The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include 
twelve  parish  churches  and  numerous  chapels,  but  the  only 
one  particularly  deserving  of  notice  is  the  cathedral,  dis- 
tinguished by  its  marble  pillars,  carvings,  and  pictures. 
The  other  public  buildings  and  establishments  are  the 
episcopal  palace,  theatre,  court-house,  guard-house,  gym- 
nasium, lyoeum,  and  several  elementary  schools.  The 
manufactures  consist  of  linen,  silk,  and  woollen  goods,  cop- 
per- and  earthen-wares,  hats,  paper,  liqueurs,  and  flour. 
Udine  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  seat  of  a  court 
of  justice  and  several  important  public  offices.     P.  22,004. 

Udine,  a  province  of  the  N.E.  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  and 
in  the  district  called  Friuli,  bordering  on  Austria  and  on 
the  sea.  Area,  2483  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  moun- 
tainous and  in  part  marshy,  but  is  elsewhere  level  and 
productive.     Capital,  Udine.     Pop.  481,586. 

Udinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Oodinsk. 

Udol'pho,  a  post-office  in  Udolpho  township,  Mowei 
CO.,  Minn.,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee- 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Austin.     P.  502. 

Udo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Miss. 

Udo'ra,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on  Black 
River,  14^  miles  N.  of  Uxbridge.  It  contains  a  saw-mill,, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  store.     Pop.  250. 

Udskoi,  a  village  of  Siberia.    See  Oodskoi. 

Udvarhely,  oodViR'h4l\  or  Szekely,  si^kfil'  (Ger. 
Oberhellyen,  o'b^r-hSl'y^n),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  Szek- 
lerland,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Great  Kokel,  90  mile» 
E.S.E.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop.  4376.  It  has  Reformed  and' 
Roman  Catholic  churches  and  colleges,  and  a  monastery. 
The  CO.  of  Udvarhely  has  an  area  of  1314  square  miles, 
and  a  population  of  105,349. 

Uea,  the  native  name  of  Wallis  Islanh. 

Ueberlingen,  or  Uberlingen,  u'b^r-ling-^n,  a  town- 
of  Baden,  on  an  arm  of  the  Lake  of  Constance,  called  th» 
Ueberlingen-See,  8  miles  N.  of  Constance.  Pop.  3864.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen,  hosiery,  and  tobacco. 

Uebersdorf,  ii'b^rs-doar,  or  Ueberstorff,  u'b^rs- 
toRf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Freyburg.     Pop.  1244. 

Ueckermtinde,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  UcKEBMtJNDE. 

Uedem,  or  Udem,  ii'dim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
39  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1730. 

Uelzen,  or  Ulzen,  Ult's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  va, 
Hanover,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  railway  to 
Celle.     Pop.  6366. 

Uerdingen,  iiR'ding-^n,  or  Oerdingen,  oR'ding-^n^ 
a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf^ 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  Pop.  3216.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silks  and  cottons. 

Uetersen,  or  Utersen,  U't^r-sgn,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Holstein,  on  the  Pinnau,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg. 
Pop.  4358.  It  has  an  asylum  for  noble  ladies,  sugar-re- 
fineries, starch-factories,  and  potteries. 

Uetikon,  ii'te-kon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and' 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1153. 

Uetliberg,  iit'le-b5RG\  a  summit  of  Mount  Albis,  in 
Switzerland,  W.  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  2864  feet  in  height. 

Ufa,  European  Russia.     See  Oof  a. 

Uffenheim,  65rf?n-hime\  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Gollach,  23  miles  N.W. 
of  Anspach.  Pop.  1981.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Uffhoven,  oof-ho'v^n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  1 
mile  W.  of  Langensalza.     Pop-  1119. 

Uffington,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  6  mile» 
W.N.W.  of  Wantage.  Pop.  of  parish,  1089.  Here  is  the 
Vale  of  the  White  Horse,  so  called  from  a  figure  cut  on  the 
face  of  the  chalk  down. 

Uffington,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va.,  3i 
miles  S.W.  of  Morgantown. 

Ufoi'kee,  a  creek  of  Alabama,  flows  through  Macon 
00.  into  Tallapoosa  River,  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Tuskeegee. 

Ufzulgurh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Afzul-Gubh. 

Uganda,  yu-gin'da,  a  country  of  Africa,  N.  and  W. 
of  Lake  Victoria  Nyanza.  It  is  rich  in  metals,  fertile, 
and  picturesque,  but  sickly  for  Europeans.  It  is  governed 
by  an  absolute  sovereign.  Capital,  Ulagalla.  Pop.  of 
Uganda  proper,  about  500,000,  or,  with  subject  and  tribu- 
tary states,  2,000,000. 

Ugein,  a  city  of  Central  India.     See  Oojein. 

Ugie,  oo'ghee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  rise* 


UQl 


2673 


ULC 


At  the  village  cf  Aberdoar,  2|  miles  from  the  N.  coast,  flows 
S.E.,  and  enters  the  North  Sea  2  miles  N.W.  of  Peterhead. 
Length,  21  miles. 

Ugijar*  Uxixar,  or  UJ4Jar)  oo-He-aaR',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  Ugi- 
jar.  It  has  a  town  house,  a  prison,  a  college,  a  school,  an 
academy,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  2513. 

Ugine^  ii^zheen'  (Ital.  Ugine,  oO'je-ni),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  on  the  Arly,  18  miles  S.E.  of  An- 
necy.  It  has  several  interesting  antiquities,  and  the  remains 
of  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  of  commune,  2690. 

Ugliano,  ool-y&'no,  or  Uglian,  ool-y&n',  an  island  of 
Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic,  opposite  the  city  of  Zara,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  a  channel  3  miles  across.  Length, 
14  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Uglitch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ooglitch. 

UgocS}  oo*gotch',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Hungary, 
bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  co.  of  Beregh,  S.W.  and  S. 
by  Szathmar,  and  E.  and  N.E.  by  Marmaros.  Area,  460 
square  miles.     Pop.  67,498.     Nagy-Szolos  is  the  capital. 

Ugra^  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Oogka. 

Uharee,  Vharie  (yu-h&r'ree),  or  Uwharie  River, 
North  Carolina,  runs  southward  through  Randolph  co., 
and  enters  the  Yadkin  River  in  Montgomery  co.,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Troy. 

Uharrie,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.     P.  480. 

Uhlerstown,  yu'I§rz-t5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks 
00.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Frenchtown, 
N.J.,  about  19  miles  ^elow  Easton.  It  has  a  lime-kiln 
and  a  boat-yard. 

Uhlersville,  yu'lQr«-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northamp- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  6  miles  below 
Easton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Uhrichsville,  yu'riks-vil,  a  post- village  in  Mill  town- 
ship, Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Stillwater  Creek,  at  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling 
Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus 
with  Pittsburg,  50  miles  W.  of  Steubenville,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  New  Philadelphia,  and  about  32  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It 
contains  2  banks,  a  newspaner  office,  and  3  churches.  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place.    P.  in  1880,  2790  ;  in  1890,  3842. 

Ui,  a  river  of  West  Siberia.     See  Ooi. 

Uintah,  yu-in'tah,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyo- 
ming, borders  on  Idaho  and  Montana.  It  is  drained  by 
Green,  Yellowstone,  and  Wind  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and 
by  the  head-streams  of  the  Snake  River  or  Lewis  Fork  of 
the  Columbia.  The  Wind  River  Range  extends  across  this 
county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  by  grand  mountain- 
scenery.  The  highest  point  in  it  is  Fremont  Peak,  which 
rises  13,576  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  southern 
part  of  the  county  is  occupied  by  the  Uintah  Mountains. 
This  county  comprises  the  greater  part  of  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park.  The  mountains  are  covered  with  forests 
of  fir  and  pine,  which  supply  good  timber.  Among  its 
minerals  are  granite,  basalt,  and  coal  or  lignite.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Evanston. 
Pop.  in  1870,  856j  in  1880,  2879;  in  1890,  7881. 

Uintah,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  on  or  near 
the  Weber  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Uintah  (or  Uinta)  Mountains,  a  lofty  range  which 
occupies  the  N.  part  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  and  extends 
into  Wyoming,  apparently  joining  the  Wahsatch  range. 
The  direction  of  the  range  is  nearly  E.  and  W.  "  In  an 
artistic  sense,"  says  Hayden,  "  no  range  that  I  have  ever 
Been  on  this  continent  can  compare  with  it  in  beauty.  .  .  . 
Cones,  pyramids,  domes,  and  cathedrals,  sometimes  as 
sharply  out  as  if  they  had  been  wrought  by  art,  occur  at 
the  sources  of  all  the  streams  that  (ise  in  the  anticlinal  fis- 
sure." Among  the  highest  peaks  are  Dawes  Peak,  which 
rises  13,300  feet  above  tide-water.  Cox's  Peak,  and  Logan's 
Peak.  The  tops  of  these  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow, 
and  their  sides  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  The  rocks  that 
form  this  range  are  quartzites,  sandstones,  carboniferous 
limestones,  <fcc. 

Uintah  River,  Utah,  rises  in  the  Uintah  Mountains, 
m  the  northern  part  of  Wasatch  co.,  runs  nearly  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  Green  River  in  the  same  county. 

Uist  (wist  or  Ust),  North,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Heb- 
rides, Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  2J  miles  N.  of  the  island 
of  Benbecula,  and  separated  on  the  N.E.  from  Harris  by 
the  Sound  of  Harris,  8  miles  across.  Shape  very  irregular. 
Length,  17  miles;  breadth,  from  3  to  12  miles.  Pop.  3222. 
Its  E.  part  is  a  dreary,  marshy  moorland,  indented  by  the 
ramifications  of  Loohs  Maddy  and  Eport,  and  containing 
several  inland  lakes.  Its  W.  part  is  hilly  or  mountainous. 
It  has  several  bold  headlands,  with  remarkable  oaves. 


Uist,  South,  the  largest  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  separated  from  Benbecula  on 
the  N.  by  a  rocky  strait  1  mile  across.  Length,  22  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  8  miles.  Area,  110  sqtiare  miles.  Pop. 
3669.  Like  North  Uist,  its  E.  coast  is  indented  by  loehs, 
and  it  contains  several  lakes;  a  band  of  fertile  country 
borders  its  W.  coast;  elsewhere  it  is  an  alluvial  plain  of 
peat,  interspersed  with  mountains,  among  which  Mount 
Hecla  rises  to  2500  or  3000  feet  above  the  sea.  With  the 
islands  of  Benbecula,  Eriskay,  and  Rona,  it  forms  a  parish, 
pop.  5749,  of  whom  about  five-sevenths  are  Roman  Catho- 
lics. The  population  of  both  North  and  South  Uist  are  in 
general  poor,  and  chiefly  engaged  in  fishing  and  rural  labor. 

Uitenhage,oiH9n-h&'ah9h,  a  division  of  Cape  Colony, 
South  Africa,  between  lat.  33°  and  34"  S.  and  Ion.  23°  30' 
and  26°  30'  E.,  having  S.  the  ocean.  Area,  8960  square 
miles.  Pop.  18,148.  It  is  watered  by  the  Camtoos  and 
Sunday  Rivers.  Coal,  iron,  argentiferons  lead,  and  copper 
are  procurable,  and  near  the  coast  are  valuable  salt-pans. 
Capital,  Uitenhage. 

Uitenhage,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  the  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  the  Zwartkops  River,  18  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Port  Elizabeth,  with  which,  and  with  Graham's 
Town,  it  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  (1891)  6297. 

Uitgeest,  oit-Baist',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  S.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1843. 

Uithnizen,  oit-hoi'z^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3110. 

Uj,  oo'e,  a  Hungarian  word  signifying  "new,"  prefixed 
to  many  places  in  Hungary,  as  Uj  Var  (i.e.,  "  new  fort"), 
<fcc.     For  those  not  undermentioned,  see  additional  name. 

Uj,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  OozB. 

Uj-Banya,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  KoNiesBERO. 

Uj6  Mabani,  Hungary.    See  Mabani. 

Uj-Futtak,  Hungary.     See  Futtak. 

Ujhely-SatoraUa,  oo'e-hSi^-84HoV6ry3h%  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Zemplin,  on  th" 
Rougyva.     Pop.  6811. 

Ujijar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  UeuAR. 

Ujiji,  oo-jee'jee,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  small 
country  of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lak«  Tan- 
ganyika, about  lat.  4°  54'  3"  S.,  Ion.  30°  4'  30"  E.  The 
town  is  divided  into  two  parts,  called  Ugoy  and  Eawel6, 
occupied  respectively  by  Arabs  and  natives.  Estimated 
pop.  of  the  town,  3000 ;  of  the  country,  36,000. 

Uj  KarloAvitz,  Hungary.     See  Carlowitz. 

Ujlak,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Illok. 

Uj'IiUblo,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Lublo. 

Ujvid6k,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Necsatz. 

Ukara,  oo-k&-r&',  an  island  of  Africa,  in  Lake  Victoria 
Nyanza,  N.  of  Ukerewe.     It  is  18  miles  long. 

Ukerewe,  oo-ke-rew',  an  island  in  the  S.  part  of  Lake 
Victoria  Nyanza,  Central  Africa.  It  is  40  miles  long,  with 
high  shores. 

Ukesima,  an  island  of  Annam.    See  Ookesima. 

Ukiah,  yu-ki'ah,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mendocino 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Russian  River,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Clover- 
dale,  and  about  110  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
contains  a  brick  court-house,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1880,  933;  in  1890,  1627. 

Ukraine,  European  Russia.     See  Kharkov. 

Ukraine,  u'krane  or  oo-krane'  (Polish,  Ukraina,  oo 
kr&-ee'n&,  "  a  frontier"),  an  old  subdivision  of  Russia  and 
S.E.  Poland,  now  subdivided  among  the  governments  of 
Kiev,  Poltava,  and  Kharkov,  and  traversed  by  the  rivers 
Dnieper  and  Donets,  with  their  affluents.  Its  capital  citj 
was  -Kiev. 

Ula,  yn-lS,  a  post-village  of  Custer  oo.,  Col.,  32  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Ca5on  City,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Rosita.  Its  alti- 
tude is  7750  feet.  It  has  a  hotel  and  2  stores.  Gold,  silver, 
copper,  and  zinc  are  found  near  it. 

Ulagalla,  ooM&-gal']a,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Uganda,  on  Murchison  Gulf,  an  inlet  of  Lake  Victoria  Ny- 
anza. It  has  a  fortified  palace,  and  its  houses  are  sur- 
rounded by  gardens  and  disposed  in  fine  radiating  avenues. 

Utah,  yu'lah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cambridge. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  warehouses.     Grain  is  shipped  here. 

Ulai,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Karoox. 

Ul'am's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Columbiana  oo.,  0.,  in  Mid- 
dleton  township.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Ulan-Khoton,  Mongolia.     See  Oolaic-Khoton. 

Ulash,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Oolasr. 

Ulbo,  ool'bo,  asmall  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic 
Sea.     Lat.  44°  22'  54"  N.     It  has  a  harbor. 

UPcofauhatch'ee,  or  APcofnuhatch'ee,  a  small 
river  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Gwinnett 


ULE 


2674 


ULY 


CO.,  flows  southward,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee  River  on  the 
boundary  between  Butts  and  Jasper  cos.  It  is  sometimes 
called  the  Alcovy. 

Ulea,  oo-Wk,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Murcia,  near  the  Segura.     Pop.  1181. 

\J\e&f  oo'le-o,  or  Uleo,  a  river  of  Hussia,  in  Finland, 
issues  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Ule4-Trask,  flows 
N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  80  miles,  falls  into  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia  near  Uleftborg.  Near  its  mouth  it  divides 
into  four  branches  and  forms  several  cataracts. 

UIe4borg,  oo'le-5-boRg\  a  seaport  town  of  Finland, 
capital  of  a  government,  at  the  mouth  of  the  nie&  River 
in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  72  miles  S.S.B.  of  Tornei.  Pop. 
8679.  Mean  temperature  of  year,  31,8°;  winter,  8.4°; 
summer,  65.4°  Fahr.  It  is,  after  Abo,  the  principal  com- 
mercial town  of  Finland.  Chief  exports,  pitch,  tar,  fish, 
and  salted  provisions.  It  was  founded  in  1610,  and  be- 
longed to  Sweden  till  1809.  On  an  adjacent  island  is  the 
castle  of  Uleaborg,  built  in  1590. 

Ule&borg,  the  northernmost  government  of  Finland, 
bordering  on  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Russia  proper,  and 
including  a  large  part  of  Lapland.  Area,  63,954  square 
miles.     Capital,  Uleiborg.     Pop.  189,044. 

Ule&-Trasky  oo'le-S-trSsk,  a  lake  of  Finland,  govern- 
ment and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Uleiborg,  of  very  irregular 
shape,  35  miles  in  length  by  10  miles  in  average  breadth. 
It  receives  several  rivers  from  the  E.,  and  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  by  the  river  Ule&. 

Uleo,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  UleI. 

Uliarus,  an  ancient  name  of  Ol^hon. 

Uliassutai,  a  town  of  Mongolia.     See  Ooliassootai. 

Ulie  (oo'lee)  Islands,  a  group  of  13  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  forming  a  portion  of  the  Carolines. 

Ulitea,  or  Ulieta,  Society  Islands.    See  Raiatba. 

IJlla,  ooI'yS,,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  enters  the  Bay 
of  Arosa,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles. 

Ul'lao,  or  Ul'ao,  a  station  of  the  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

UPlapool',  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Cromarty 
and  Ross,  on  the  W.  coast,  N.  of  Loch  Broom,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Dingwall.     Pop.  752,  mostly  employed  in  fishing. 

Ulldecona,  ool-d&-ko'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Tarragona,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  5864. 

Ullersdorf,  Gross,  groce  SSl'l^rs-doBf^  a  village  of 
Austria,  Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz,  with  a  castle,  paper- 
mills,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2200. 

UUersdorf,  Nec  (noi),  or  Losina-Nowa,  lo-see'- 
n&-no'^&,  a  village  of  Austria,  Moravia,  near  Goldenstein. 

Ullersdorf,  Nibder.    See  Nieder  Ulleksdobp. 

Ul'lin,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  111.,  on  the  Cache 
River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of 
Cairo.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and 
lumber. 

Ulloa,  ool-yo'i,  or  Ulna,  oo-loo'i,  a  river  of  Honduras, 
flows  first  N.W.,  then  N.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  160 
miles,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Honduras. 

Ullswater,  or  Uileswater,  filz'wi-t^r,  the  largest 
of  the  English  lakes,  next  to  Windermere,  from  which  it  is 
8  miles  N.,  between  the  cos.  of  Cumberland  and  Westmore- 
land, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Penrith.     Length,  9  miles. 

Uils'water,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Bracebridge.     Pop.  100. 

Ulm,  iilm  (Ger.  pron.  dSlm),  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube, 
where  it  begins  to  be  navigable,  and  on  the  Augsburg  & 
Ulm  Railway,  56i  miles  from  Augsburg.  It  is  antiquated 
and  dull,  but  has  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral,  a  town  hall,  gov- 
ernment and  custom  house,  corn-hall,  arsenal,  gymnasium, 
hospitals,  theatre,  manufactures  of  tobacco,  pipe-bowls, 
playing-cards,  leather,  vinegar,  and  linen  fabrics,  building- 
docks,  and  an  active  transit  trade.  Ulm  was  long  an  im- 
perial free  town,  strongly  fortified,  and  a  military  post  of 
much  importance  in  the  German  wars.  Here,  on  October 
17, 1805,  General  Mack,  with  nearly  30,000  Austrian  troops, 
capitulated  to  Napoleon.     Pop.  36,191.    See  Neu-Ulm. 

Ulm,  ulm,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  &  Minneapolis  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Ul 'man's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co..  Mo. 

Ulna,  San  Juan  de.    See  San  Jdan  db  Ulua. 

Uln-Irghiz,  Toorkistan.     See  Irgheez. 

Ulricehamn,  ool-ree'si-h&m  (formerly  Begesnnd, 
oi'ghSh-soond^),  a  town  of  South  Sweden,  laen  of  Elfsborg, 
54  miles  S.E.  of  Wenersborg,  on  Lake  Asunda.     Pop.  1126. 

Ul'ster,  the  most  N.  province  of  Ireland,  between  lat. 
53°  46'  and  55°  26'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  24'  and  8°  45'  W., 
having  S.  Leinster,  S.W.  Connaught,  W.  and  N.  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  E.  the  Irish  Sea  and  the  North  Channel,  in 


one  part  separated  only  by  13  miles  from  the  Mull  of  Kin  - 
tyre,  Scotland.  Area,  8528  sq.  m.  Pop.  in  1881, 1,730,542 ; 
in  1891,  1,617,877,  mostly  Protestants.  Shores  bold  and 
rocky,  and  on  the  N.  and  E.  are  remarkable  basaltic  clifiis, 
including  the  Giant's  Causeway.  Principal  headlands, 
Malin,  Teelin,  and  Fair  Heads,  respectively  the  N.W.  and 
N.E.  extremities ;  and  here  are  the  large  inlets  of  Donegal 
Bay  on  the  W.,  Loughs  Swilly  and  Foyle  on  the  N.,  and 
Belfast  Lough  and  Dundrum  Bay  in  the  E.  Surface  very 
much  diversified;  mountainous  in  the  W.,  where  several 
summits  rise  to  upwards  of  2000  feet;  the  province  is  more 
free  from  bogs  and  plains  than  the  other  parts  of  Ireland. 
It  contains  the  large  lakes  called  Loughs  Neagh,  Strangford, 
and  Erne.  Principal  rivers,  the  Bann,  Foyle,  Erne,  and 
some  tributaries  of  the  Shannon.  This  province  is  the 
head-quarters  of  the  Irish  linen-manufacture,  and  of  other 
branches  of  manufacturing  industry,  which  have  their 
chief  seat  at  Belfast.  It  is  divided  into  the  counties  of 
Donegal,  Londonderry,  Antrim,  Down,  Armagh,  Monaghan, 
Cavan,  Fermanagh,  and  Tyrone. 

Ulster,  SSl'st^r,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  Rhon 
Mountains,  Bavaria,  flows  N.  for  30  miles  past  Thann,  and 
joins  the  Werra  10  miles  W.  of  Salzungen.  It  partly  forms 
the  frontier  between  Saxe- Weimar  and  Hesse-Nassau. 

Ulster,  iil'st^r,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  1150  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Wallkill 
and  Rondout  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Neversink 
and  Shawangunk  Rivers  and  Esopus  Creek.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  elm,  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  southern  part  of  it  is  occupied  by  the 
Shawangunk  Mountains,  and  the  N.W.  part  by  the  Cats- 
kill  Mountains.  Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Lake 
Mohonk,  a  summer  resort.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  especi- 
ally in  the  valleys.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  Indian  corn,  pota- 
toes, and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sand- 
stone and  shale  crop  out  in  this  county,  which  has  also 
extensive  quarries  of  water-limestone.  The  cement  obtained 
from  these  quarries  is  of  superior  quality,  and  is  exported 
to  distant  parts  of  the  Union,  the  value  of  the  cement  ex- 
ported sometimes  exceeding  $1,000,000  per  annum.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  the 
Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  all 
of  which  converge  at  Kingston,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1880,  85.838 ;  in  1890,  87,062. 

Ulster,  a  hamlet  in  Ulster  township,  Floyd  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Charles  City.     Pop.  of  township,  727 

Ul  ster,  a  post- village  in  Ulster  township,  Bradford  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
A  New  York  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Towanda,  and 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1174. 

Ulster,  Xew.    See  New  Zealand. 

Ulster  Park  (formerly  Amesville),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Ron- 
dout.    It  has  a  church. 

Ul'sterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newburg.  It  is  2  miles  from  Ben 
nett's  Comers. 

Ultima  Thule,  ul'te-ma  thai,  a  post-office  of  Sevier 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  90  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Ultratrcyectum,  an  ancient  name  of  Utrecht. 

Ulua,  a  river  of  Central  America.     See  Ulloa. 

Ulubad,  oo-l99-bid',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the 
W.  end  of  Lake  Aboolonia,  32  miles  W.  of  Brusa,  with  a 
large  ruined  Byzantine  fortress. 

Ul'va,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co. 
of  Argyle,  W.  of  Mull,,  and  E.  of  Gometra.  Length,  5 
miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Ul'verstone,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Lancaster,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Morecambe  Bay. 
Pop.  10,015.  It  has  various  churches,  chapels,  schools, 
libraries,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and  savings-bank,  and 
6  perpetual  curacies.  A  canal  1^  miles  in  length  connects 
the  town  with  Morecambe  Bay.  It  has  iron-mines,  and 
manufactures  of  coarse  cottons  and  linens,  rope,  hats,  and 
woollen  yarn,  with  some  ship-building,  and  a  coasting-trade 
in  iron  ore,  pig-  and  bar-iron,  limestone,  slates,  and  corn. 

Ul'verton,  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co.,  Quebec,  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory, 
3  saw-mills  and  grist-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Ulysses,  yu-lis'sfez,  post-office,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Ulysses,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  14  miles  N.  by  W,  of 
Seward,  and  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln-  It  has  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  graded  school.    P.  (1890)  621. 


ULl 


2675 


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Ulysses,  a  township  of  Tompkins  oo.,  N.Y.    P.  3271. 

Ulysses,  a,  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  about  35 
miles  N.B.  of  Emporium.  It  contains  the  village  of  Lewis- 
Tille.    Pop.  789.    The  Ulysses  post-office  is  at  Lewisyille. 

Ulzen,  a  town  of  Hanover.    See  Uelzbm. 

Uman,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oohan. 

Umarpoor,  Bengal.    See  Oomabpoob. 

Umatilla,  yu-ma-til'lah,  a  northeastern  county  of 
Oregon,  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Columbia  River, 
and  drained  by  the  Umatilla  River.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified by  the  long  range  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  which  pro- 
duce extensive  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Wool,  butter,  wheat,  hay,  lumber,  and  cattle  are 
the  staple  products.  Gold  is  said  to  be  found  in  this 
county,  which  has  an  abundance  of  granite.  Area,  2885 
square  miles.  Capital,  Pendleton.  Pop.  in  1870,  2916; 
in  1875,  4426;  in  1880,  9607;  in  1S90,  13,381. 

Umatilla,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  Uma- 
tilla Lake,  and  on  the  Lake  George  <fc  Lake  Eustis  Rail- 
road, about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Enterprise. 

Umatilla,  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Umatilla  River, 
104  miles  above  The  Dalles.  It  has  2  hotels  and  a  flour- 
ing-mill.     Much  wool  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Umatilla  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains, runs  westward  or  northwestward  in  Umatilla  co., 
and  enters  the  Columbia  River  at  Umatilla,  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Oregon  and  Washington.  It  is  nearly  150 
miles  long. 

Um'bagog  Lake  is  partly  in  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  from 
which  it  extends  into  Oxford  oo..  Me.  It  is  about  12  miles 
long,  and  varies  in  width  from  1  mile  to  4  miles.  Its  outlet 
(a  short  creek)  unites  with  the  Margallaway  River  to  form 
the  Androscoggin  River. 

Umbal'lah,  a  walled  town  of  India,  and  an  important 
station  of  British  troops,  capital  of  a  district  and  division, 
120  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Delhi,  on  the  route  to  Lahore. 
Pop.  in  1881,  67,463 ;  in  1891,  79,294. 

Umballah,  a  district  in  the  E.  of  the  Punjab,  India, 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  Himalayas,  N.W.  by  the  Sutlej,  and 
S.W.  by  the  Jumna.  Area,  2628  square  miles.  Capital, 
Umballah.  Pop.  1,035,488.  With  the  districts  of  Loo- 
dianah  and  Simla,  it  forms  the  Umballah  division,  which 
has  an  area  of  4014  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of  1,652,728. 

Umbieta,  a  town  of  Tyrol.    See  Ihst. 

Umbre,  or  Umbreh,  oom'bri  or  oom'br^h,  a  river  of 
Africa,  an  affluent  of  the  Congo. 

Umbrete,  oom-br&'ti,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Seville.  Here  is  a  beautiful 
palace  of  the  Archbishop  of  Seville.    Pop.  1769. 

Um'bria  (Fr.  Ombrie,  0N<>^bree'),  a  compartimento  of 
the  kingdom  of  Italy,  embracing  the  single  province  of 
Perugia. 

Umbro,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Okbbone. 

Ume&,  oo'me-o,  a  river  of  Sweden,  rises  on  the  E.  slope 
of  the  mountains  which  separate  Norway  from  Sweden,  in 
lat.  66°  N.,  flows  S.E.,  forming  several  lakes  by  its  expan- 
sion, and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  by  a  wide  em- 
bouchure a  little  below  the  town  of  Umed,  after  a  course  of 
above  250  miles. 

Ume&,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  Isen  of 
Westerbotten,  is  situated  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ume& 
River  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Hernosaud. 
Lat.  63°  49'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  20°  18'  E.     Pop.  2638. 

Um^eerghur',  or  Ameerghur,  iim'eer-gur',  a  town 
of  India,  128  miles  S.£.  of  Joodpoor,  with  several  temples 
and  a  manufactory  of  chintz.    Near  it  is  a  strong  fort. 

Ummerapoora,  Burmah.    See  Ahabapoora. 

Uinpqua,  iimp'kwaw,  a  station  of  the  Oregon  &  Cali- 
fornia Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Roseburg,  Oregon. 

Umpqua  City,  a  village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua  River,  about 
70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Eugene  City. 

Umpqua  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Umpqua  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Calapooya,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Oakland.     It  has  a  store. 

Umpqua  River,  Oregon,  is  formed  by  its  North  and 
South  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Cascade  Range  and  unite 
about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Roseburg.  It  runs  northwestward 
in  a  fertile  valley,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  Douglas 
00.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Empire  City.  Vessels  drawing  16 
feet  of  water  can  enter  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua,  and 
steamers  ascend  it  to  Roseburg.  The  main  stream  and  its 
South  Fork  are  each  about  100  miles  long.  The  North 
Fork  runs  westward. 

Uqireyllee,  India.    See  Ambeeli. 

Umritsir,  a  city  of  the  Punjab.    See  Auritsib. 


Umrohah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Akrooab. 

Umstadt,  fifim'st&tt,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  in  the  Odenwald,  13  miles  E.  of  Darmstadt. 
Pop.  2792. 

XJmzimkuIu,  oom^zim-koo-loo',  Om^zimkolo',  oi 
Umzimkulwana,  oom^zim-kool-w&'n&,  a  river  of  South< 
east  Africa,  forming  the  S.W.  frontier  of  Natal. 

Umzinyati,  iim-zin-y&'tee,  or  Buffalo  River,  a 
river  of  Southeast  Africa,  in  the  colony  of  Natal,  rises  in 
the  Quathlamba  Mountains,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Tugela  50  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Una,  oo-n&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  flows 
E.  for  60  miles,  and  falls  into  the  sea  by  a  large  mouth  40 
miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Iguape. 

Una,  a  river  of  Brazil,  forming  the  boundary  between 
the  states  of  Alagoas  and  Pernambuco,  enters  the  ocean 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Recife,  after  a  course  of  150  miles. 

Una,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  flows  E.,  passing 
the  town  of  Olivenza,  and  about  4  miles  below  falls  into 
the  ocean. 

Una,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
falls  into  the  sea  N.  of  Cape  Frio. 

Unadilla,  yu-n^-dil'lah,  or  Mi'lan,  a  post-village  in 
Unadilla  township,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Portage 
River,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Lansing,  and  24  miles  N.E. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  2  flour-mills,  a  bank,  and  3  churches. 
The  township  contains  6  churches.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the 
township,  1066.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Unadilla. 

Unadilla,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 

Unadilla,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Little 
Nemaha  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  28  miles  W. 
of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  car. 
riage-shop. 

Unadilla,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Una- 
dilla township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Albany 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton, 
and  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich.  It  contain  4  churches, 
the  Unadilla  Academy,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a 
machine-shop.  Pop.  875 ;  of  the  township,  2547.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Unadilla  River 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Susquehanna. 

Unadilla  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Unadilla  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich.  It 
has  a  church. 

Unadilla  Forks,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Plainfield  township,  at  the  confluence  of  the  branches 
of  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  Utica  division  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Utica.   It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  machine-shop,  Ac. 

Unadilla  River,  New  York,  drains  part  of  Herkimer 
CO.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Madison  and  Chenango  cos.  on  the  right  and  Otsego 
CO.  on  the  left.  It  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  4 
miles  E.  of  Bainbridge. 

U'naka,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Greeneville.  It  is  at  the  base  of  the  Unaka  Moun- 
tains.    It  has  a  church,  and  a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Unaka  Mountains,  a  ridge  which  stands  between 
Cherokee  co.,  N.C.,  and  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.  It  appears  to 
be  a  continuation  of  the  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountains.  Se« 
Smoky  Mountains. 

Unalaschka,  Alaska.    See  Oonalaska. 

Unare,  oo-n&'r&,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  enters  tho 
Caribbean  Sea  40  miles  W.  of  Barcelona,  after  a  N.  course 
of  120  miles.     Near  its  source  is  the  village  of  Unare. 

Un'casville,  a  post- village  in  Montville  township.  New 
London  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Thames  River  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Montville  Station,  and  6 
miles  N.  of  New  London.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-fac- 
tory which  produces  ticks,  cheviots,  &o.,  and  a  factory  in 
which  dyewoods  are  prepared. 

Uncle  (iink'fl)  Sam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Cal., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cloverdale,  and  50  miles  N.  of  Peta- 
luma.  It  is  near  a  mountain  of  its  own  name,  which  it 
on  the  W.  side  of  Clear  Lake.  Borax  and  quicksilver  art 
obtained  near  this  place.     Pop.  about  250. 

Uncompahgre,  iin-k9m-pa'gre,  a  post-office  of  San 
Juan  CO.,  Col. 

Uncompahgre  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  laU 
38°  4'  21"  N.,  Ion.  107°  27'  32"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
14,235  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  of  volcanic  formation, 
and  is  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  San  Juan. 

Uncompahgre  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  San 
Juan  or  Uncompahgre  Mountains,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direo- 
tion,  and  enters  the  Gunnison  River. 

Un'dercliffe,  a  maritime  tract  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 


UND 


2676 


UNI 


extending  along  its  S.  coast  from  Niton  5  miles  eastward  to 
Bonoharch.  It  has  been  formed  by  a  land-slip  from  a  range 
of  chalk  cliffs  forming  an  abrupt  wall  from  90  to  120  feet 
in  height. 

Un'dercliffe,  a  post-ofBoe  of  Pueblo  oo.,  Col. 

Un'derhill)  a  post-village  in  Underbill  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Burlington  &  Lamoille  Railroad, 
about  16  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy  called  the  Belle  Institute,  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory. The  B.  border  of  the  township  is  contiguous  to 
Mount  Mansfield,  and  presents  admirable  scenery.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1655. 

Underhill  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Underbill  town- 
ship, Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  about  18  miles  B.  of  Burlington, 
and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches, 
the  Green  Mountain  Academy,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  butter-tubs. 

Un^deroot%  or  Auderot,  Indian  Ocean,  the  largest 
of  the  Laccadive  Islands  (which  see). 

Underwalden,  Switzerland.    See  Unterwalden. 

Un'derwood,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Scott  co.,  Ind. 

Underwood,  a  station  in  Hopkins  oo.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Elizabethtown  <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Norton- 
ville  Junction. 

Underwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.,  N.J., 
on  the  Bridgeton  <fc  Port  Norris  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Bridgeton. 

Un'derwood,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  W.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  100. 

Undine,  un'deen\  or  Salmon  River,  a  post-settle- 
ment in  Victoria  co.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  tributary  of  the 
St.  John,  9  miles  from  Grand  Falls.     Pop.  150. 

Unelli,  a  district  of  France.     See  Cotentin. 

Ungarn,  Ungheria,  or  Ungria.    See  HrNOART. 

Ungava,  ung-gah'va  (or  South)  Bay,  a  bay  in  the 
N.  part  of  Labrador,  extending  southward  from  Hudson's 
Strait.     It  receives  the  Caniapuscaw  River. 

Unger'8  (ung'gh^rz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan 
00.,  W.  Va.,  1 8  miles  S.  of  Sir  John's  Run  Station.  It  has 
a  church. 

Unghvar,  or  Ungvar,  oongViR',  a  market-town  of 
N.E.  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Ungh,  80  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  5000.  It  has  Roman  Catholic 
and  Greek  United  churches,  and  a  trade  in  wines. 

Uugi,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Tavoos. 

Ungool,  a  state  of  India.     See  Anoooi.. 

Unicoi,  yu'n^-koi,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
North  Carolina.  Area,  196  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Nolaohuoky  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Charleston,  Cincinnati  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road.    Capital,  Erwin.     Pop.  in  1880,  3646 ;  in  1890, 4619. 

Unie,  oon'yi,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Istria.     Length,  6  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.     Pop.  300. 

Unieh,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     SeeUnTEB. 

Unika  Mountains.    See  Unaka  Mountains. 

Union,  yun'yun,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas, 
bordering  on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1138  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.B.  and  B.  by  the  Ouachita 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Cypress  Bayou  and  Corm  and  Cor- 
neille  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  beech, 
maple,  pine,  cypress,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  pork,  cattle,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  El  Dorado.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,671 ;  in 
1880,  13,419 ;  in  1890,  14,977. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  326  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Notley  and  Tocoa  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
chestnut,  oak,  poplar,  maple,  beech,  and  other  trees.  The 
Blue  Ridge  occupies  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  Among  its 
remarkable  features  is  Pilot  Mountain.  Indian  oom,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and  marble  are  said 
to  be  found  here.  Capital,  Blairsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  5267 ; 
in  1880,  6431 ;  in  1890,  7749. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Missouri.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Clear  Creek  and  the  Big  Muddy  River,  which  enters  the 
Mississippi  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  maple,  tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone  and 
bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the 
Grand  Tower  &  Carbondale  Railroad,  the  second  railroad 


mentioned  connecting  with  Jonesborough,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,518 ;  in  1880,  18,102 ;  in  1890,  21,549. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  170  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Bast  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  River,  which  runs 
southward.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This 
county  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is  intersected 
in  an  E.  and  W.  direction  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  it 
Dayton  Railroad.  Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870,  6341; 
in  1880,  7673;  in  1890,  7006. 

Union,  a  southern  county  of  Iowa.  Area,  432  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River,  and  drained  by 
the  Platte  River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  hay  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago, 
St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Afton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5986;  in  1880, 14,980;  in  1890,  16,900. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Tradewater  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  and  in  some  parts  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  com,  tobacco,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  plenty  of  timber,  and  mines  of 
bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Valley 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Morganfield,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,640;  in  1880,  17,809;  in  1890,  18,229. 

Union,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisiana,  borders 
on  Union  co..  Ark.  Area,  about  905  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ouachita  River  (which  is  navi- 
gable, and  is  intersected  by  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Farmerville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,685;  in  1880,  13,526;  in  1890,  17,304. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an 
area  of  about  424  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tal- 
lahatchee  River  and  Oldtown  Creek.  The  surface  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  hickory,  mag- 
nolia, oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Gulf  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Kansas 
City,  Memphis  it;  Birmingham  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  New  Albany,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880, 
13,030 ;  in  1890,  15,606. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Jersey,  has 
an  area  of  about  102  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Newark  Bay  and  Staten  Island  Sound,  and  on  tho 
N.W.  by  the  Passaic  River.  It  is  drained  by  the  Rah  way 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  except  in  the  N.W. 
part.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Elizabeth.  Pop.  in  1870, 
41,859 ;  in  1880,  65,671 ;  in  1890,  72,467. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  640  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rooky  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Lane's  and  Waxhaw  (or  Waxsaw)  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  about  one-half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  slate.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad  and  the  Georgia,  Carolina 
&  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,217;  in  1880,  18,056;  in  1890,  21,259. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  427  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Boke's, 
Darby,  Mill,  and  Rush  Creeks,  all  affluents  of  the  Scioto 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  elm,  hickory,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool, 
cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  quarries  of  limestone,  a  good  material  for  build- 
ing purposes.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  A  St,  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Marysville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  18,730;  in  1880,  22,375;  in  1890,  22,860. 

Union,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Oregon,  bor- 
ders on  Idaho.     Area,   about  3036  8qu8«»  miles.     ^*   '- 


It  is 


UXI 


2677 


UNI 


bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Snake  or  Lewis  Rirer,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Powder  and  Grande  Ronde  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous.  Among  its  prominent  phys- 
ical features  are  the  Blue  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  is  gold.  Volcanic  rooks  are 
found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in  1870,2552; 
in  1875,  3408;  in  1880,  6660;  in  1890,  12,044. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Area,  315  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  is  intersected  by 
Peon's  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Buffalo  and  White 
Deer  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges 
of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  surface. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading 
Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia  <&  Erie  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Capital,  Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,565;  in  1880,  16,905  ;  in  1890,  17,820. 

UnioU)  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Broad  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ennoree  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Pacolett  and  Tiger  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
and  iron  ore  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  the  Georgia,  Caro- 
lina &  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,248;  in  1880,  24,080;  in  1890,  25,363. 

Union,  the  most  S.E.  county  of  South  Dakota,  borders 
on  Iowa.  Area,  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mis- 
souri River.  The  former  enters  the  latter  river  at  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
level  river-bottoms,  undulating  prairies,  and  woodlands. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  and  butter  are 
the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
8t.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Elk  Point.  Pop.  in  1870,  3507 ;  in  1880, 
6813;  in  1890,  9130. 

Union,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  220  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Clinch 
River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N,  by  Powell's  River.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  diversified  by  ridges  and  valleys, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut, 
sugar-maple,  &o.  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Maynardville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7605;  in  1880,  10,260;  in  1890,  11,459. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Ala.,  33  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Eutaw.  It  has 
general  stores  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Union,  a  hamlet  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  is  10  miles  from 
Plainsburg  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in  Union 
township,  about  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a 
steam  saw -mill  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  627. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Oa.,  28  miles  from 
Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Union,  a  station  in  Clark  co..  111.,  on  the  Paris  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  at  West  Union,  12  miles  S.  of  Marshall. 

Union,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo..  111.     Pop.  1836. 

Union,  a  township  of  EflSngham  co..  111.     Pop.  637. 

Union,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.     Pop.  1914. 

Union,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.     Pop.  711. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  MoHenry  co.,  111.,  in  Coral 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Free- 
port  line),  20  miles  N.W.  of  Elgin.     It  has  3  churches. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co..  111.     Pop.  781. 

Union,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  865. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind.     P.  1008. 

Union,  a  township  of  Benton  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  340. 

Union,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1057. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1022. 

Union,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1082. 

Union,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  4111.  It 
contains  Auburn  and  Waterloo. 

Union,  a  township  of  Delaware  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1244. 

Union,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1221. 

Union,  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1200. 

Union,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1326. 

Union,  a  township  of  Howard  oo.,  Ind,     Pop.  1745, 

Union,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1016, 

Union,  a  township  of  Jasper  co,,  Ind.     Pop   196. 


Union,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1460. 

Union,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind      Pup.  585. 

Union,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  851,  It 
contains  Chesterfield. 

Union,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1335. 

Union,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  982. 

Union,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4746, 
exclusive  of  Crawfordsville. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ohio  co,,  Ind.     Pop.  669. 

Union,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1256. 

Union,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1365. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Clay  town- 
ship, about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Vincennes. 

Union,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1057. 

Union,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    See  Union  City. 

Union,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1206. 

Union,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1801. 

Union,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1200. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1289. 

Union,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1040. 

Union,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1263. 

Union,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1832.  It 
contains  Monticello. 

Union,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1294.  It 
contains  Coesse. 

Union,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  290. 

Union,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  360. 

Union,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  619. 

Union,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  829. 

Union,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.     P.  431. 

Union,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  445. 

Union,  a  township  of  Carroll  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  331. 

Union,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  284. 

Union,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  443. 

Union,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.  Pop,  1180, 
exclusive  of  Dexter. 

Union,  a  township  of  Davis  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1158.  It 
contains  Troj. 

Union,  a  township  of  Delaware  co,,  Iowa,    Pop,  684. 

Union,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1456. 

Union,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1258. 

Union,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  286. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Iowa,  9  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Eldora,  and  18  miles  N,N.W, 
of  Marshalltown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
514;  of  the  township,  1690. 

Union,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  371, 

Union,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  206, 
exclusive  of  Sabula. 

Union,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  713. 

Union,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  581. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  726. 

Union,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1098, 

Union,  a  township  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1186. 

Union,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  700. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  578. 

Union,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1084. 

Union,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  145. 

Union,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  785. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  209. 

Union,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  390. 

Union,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1119. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  617,  ez« 
elusive  of  Afton. 

Union,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  892, 
exclusive  of  Birmingham.  > 

Union,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  695, 

Union,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1101. 

Union,  a  township  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  444, 

Union,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  386. 

Union,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  292. 

Union,  a  township  of  Dickinson  oo.,  Kansas.     P.  506. 

Union,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Kansas.    Pop.  772, 

Union,  township,  MoPherson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  779. 

Union,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  555. 

Union,  a  township  of  Rice  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop.  906. 

Union,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  694. 

Union,  township,  Washington  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  279. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  about  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Covington.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, on  a  small  lake,  14  mil^  N.W.  of  Rockland.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches  and  the  Union  High  School.  The  town- 
ship has  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  organs 
mowing-machines,  stoves,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  township,  1701. 


DNI 


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Union,  a  township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  2250. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about  120 
miles  E.  of  Chicago. 

Union,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  970. 

Union,  a  post-township  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
456.  Union  Post-OflSce  is  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  La 
Crosse,  Wis.,  and  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Caledonia. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Miss.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Meridian.     It  has  2  churches. 

Union,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.     Pop,  152. 

Union,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1185. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1436. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1155. 

Union,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  from  Ca- 
hoka.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Enterprise  Post-Office. 

Union,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1015. 

Union,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1515. 

Union,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  797. 

Union,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  in 
Union  township,  on  or  near  Bourbeuse  Creek,  about  52 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  6  miles  S.  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
brewery,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  2855. 

Union,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1193. 

Union,  a  township  of  Holt  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1118. 

Union,  a  township  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  743. 

Union,  a  township  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1850. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1361. 

Union,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1471. 

Union,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1566. 

Union,  a  township  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1308. 

Union,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.    Pop.  958. 

Union,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2053.  It 
contains  Unionville. 

Union,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1136. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.    Pop.  866. 

Union,  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.    P.  1577. 

Union,  a  township  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1404. 

Union,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1222. 

Union,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1187. 

Union,  a  township  of  Webster  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1593. 

Union,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1199. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Nebraska,  12  miles 
N.  of  Nebraska  City. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Wakefield  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  outlet  of  several  lakes,  and  on  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  felt-mill. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2057. 

Union,  a  town  and  township  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  opposite  New  York,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Hobo- 
ken.     Pop.  of  town  in  1880,  5849;  in  1890  10,643. 

Union,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1051. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1923. 

Union,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2314. 
It  contains  part  of  Roselle  village.  Union  Post-Office  is  at 
Connecticut  Farms. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  N.  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  banking-house,  and  3  churches.  Pop.  about 
700 ;  of  the  township,  2638.  The  township  is  bounded  S. 
by  Susquehanna  River,  and  drained  by  Nanticoke  Creek. 

Union,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  New  York. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Winton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  steam 
cotton-gin,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1331. 

Union,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1639. 

Union,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.    P.  1381. 

Union,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  597. 

Union,  a  manufacturing  village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
S  miles  from  Ashborough.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  368. 

Union,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  492. 

Union,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  894. 

Union,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  1462. 

Union,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  1684.  It 
contains  Morristown. 

Union,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  5399.  It 
contains  Levanna  and  Ripley. 

Union,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  2013.  It 
contains  Westchester. 

Union,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  609. 

Union,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     Pop.  1600. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  Pop.  1920.  It 
nontains  Mount  Carmel  and  Withamsville. 


Union,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  4227.  It 
contains  Wilmington. 

Union,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  4471.  It 
contains  Washington. 

Union,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1546. 

Union,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1455. 

Union,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  1017.  It 
contains  Danville  and  Millwood. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop,  1940. 

Union,  a  township  of  Licking  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1855.  It 
contains  Hebron  and  Luray. 

Union,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  763. 

Union,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  3109.  It 
contains  London. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  1475.  It 
contains  Mendon. 

Union,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  3291.  It 
contains  Milton. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  0.,  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Miami 
River,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
pottery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Union,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1583.  It 
contains  Morganville,  Rosseau,  and  Ringgold. 

Union,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  164.1 
It  contains  New  Concord  and  Norwich. 

Union,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  651. 

Union,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1031.  It 
contains  Kalida. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ross  oo.,  0.    Pop.  2790. 

Union,  a  township  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.    Pop.  552. 

Union,  a  town.ship  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.    Pop.  742. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.  Pop.  1336.  It 
contains  Milford  Centre. 

Union,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  624. 

Union,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop.  1089.  Ik 
contains  Deerfield. 

Union,  Warren  co.,  0.    See  Union  Village. 

Union,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  862. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Grande  Ronde  River,  at  the  S.  end  of  the  Grande  Ronde 
Valley,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  La  Grande.  Gold  is  found 
near  this  place.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Union,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1105. 

Union,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  Ohio  River,  a  few  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg,  to  which  it 
was  united  in  1872. 

Union,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River.     Pop.  1986. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1791 

Union,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2165. 

Union,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  847. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  400. 

Union,  or  Union  City,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Union  township,  on  a  branch  of  French  Creek,  and 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  and  Atlantic  <fc  Great  West- 
ern Railroads,  11  miles  W.  of  Corry,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Erie, 
and  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Titusville.  It  is  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Union  &  Titusville  Railroad.  It  contains  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches, 
a  chair-factory,  and  the  Union  City  Iron-Works.  Pop.  i^ 
1890,  2261.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Union  City. 

Union,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1334. 

Union,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  424. 

Union,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  789. 

Union,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  595. 

Union,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Colerain 
township,  48  miles  W,  of  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  from 
White  Rock  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  14  dwellings. 
Here  is  Colerain  Post-Office. 

Union,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.    See  Union  Station. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1434. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1614. 

Union,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1637. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1469. 

Union,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  lllO. 

Union,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1091. 

Union,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1098. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co..  Pa.     Pop.  840. 

Union,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1418. 

Union,  York  co.,  Pa.    See  Brogheville. 

Union,  or  Unionville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union 
CO.,  S.C,  in  Union  township,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union 
Railroad,  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  hilly  country,  in  which  granite  is  found.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  5 


UNI 


2679 


UNI 


ofaurches.  The  name  of  its  post-offioe  is  Union.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1267;  in  1890,  1609. 

Unioii)  Obion  co.,  Tenn.    See  Union  City. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  12  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

ifnioUf  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
W.  Va.,  aboat  85  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston,  and  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  contains  a  high 
school,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  ofSoes,  a  bank,  a  female 
seminary,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  419. 

Union,  a  township  of  Door  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  530. 

Union,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  617. 

Union,  a  township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.     Pop.  579. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Madison.  It  has  achnrch. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  and  contains  Evansville.   Pop.  of  township,  2026. 

Union,  a  township  of  Vornon  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  623. 

Union,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.     Pop.  389. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on  Beaver 
Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  contains  saw-,  grist-, 
and  woollen-mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Union,  a  village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway  (Pictou  Branch),  70  miles  from  Hal- 
ifax.    Pop.  100. 

Union  Binff,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me. 

Union  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Monocacy  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Westminster.  It  has  a 
church,  a  high  school,  an  ice-cream  factory,  and  a  machine- 
shop.     Pop.  about  1000. 

UniouDurg,  yun'yun-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison 
00.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Union  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.,  111., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa,  6 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Maquoketa.     It  has  a  church. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Elk  River,  about  44  miles  B.N.E.  of  Winfield,  and  25  miles 
S.  of  Eureka.     Pop.  of  township,  1296. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Union  township,  on  Nanticoke  Creek,  about  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  planing- 
mills,  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Union  Centre,  or  Og'densbnrg,  a  post-village  of 
Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Union  township,  on  a  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.     P.  about  350. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Wonewoo  township, 
Juneau  co..  Wis.,  on  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has 
a  church. 

Union  Chnrch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Miss., 
about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Natchez.  It  has  an  academy, 
3  churches,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  120. 

Union  Chnrcn,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.    See  Unionville. 

Union  Chnrch,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Union  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
pottery  for  stone-ware. 

Union  Church,  a  post-office  of  Knox  oo.,  Tenn. 

Union  Church,  a  post-office  of  Racine  co..  Wis. 

Union  City,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  near  the  Naugatuck  River,  4 
miles  S.  of  Waterbury,  and  1  mile  from  Naugatuck.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  machinery,  thimbles,  Ac.  P.  1500. 

Union  City,  or  Union,  a  post-village  in  Wayne 
township,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles  E.  of  Winchester,  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Piqua,  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton,  0. 
It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Dayton  A  Union  Railroad, 
which  connects  here  with  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  In- 
dianapolis Railroad  and  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana 
Central  Railroad.  It  is  on  the  E.  boundary  of  the  state, 
and  is  partly  in  Darke  co.,  0.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  steam 
grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  2478;  in  1890,  2681. 

Union  City,  township,  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa.   Pop.  405. 

Union  City,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Afton. 

Union  City,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Union  City,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Branch 
•0.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  month  of  the 


Coldwater  River,  and  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Mieh- 
igan  Central  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and 
about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Coldwater.  It  contains  a  national 
bank,  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
flour-mills,  3  carriage-shops,  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements,  a  foundry,  a  stave-factory,  and  sash-  and  door- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1880,  1280;  in  1890,  1156. 

Union  City,  a  village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Union  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Greenville.   P.  1127.   It  is  contiguous  to  Union  City,  Ind. 

Union  City,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    See  UrrioN. 

Union  City,  a  post-village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Nashville, 
Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  156  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Nashville,  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  Ky.,  and  33 
miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  2  steam  flour-mills,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  workshops  of 
one  of  the  railroads.     Pop.  in  1880,  1879;  in  1890,  3441. 

Union  City,  a  hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Washington,  on 
or  near  Hood's  Canal,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Olympia. 

Union  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Union  Corners,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.  See  Elizaville. 

Union  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Union  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Union  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Herrick  township,  Sus- 
quehanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Union  Deposit,  de-poz'it,  a  post-village  in  South 
Hanover  township,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  Swatara  Creek, 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Harrisbnrg,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Leb- 
anon Valley  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
an  iron-furnace.     Pop.  about  450. 

Union  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Bristol.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  female  institute,  and  a  cotton -factory. 

Union  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Saranao  River,  about  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Union  Forge,  a  post- hamlet  in  Union  township,  Leb- 
anon CO.,  Pa.,  on  Swatara  Creek,  and  on  the  Lebanon  A 
Tremont  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
a  church,  an  iron-forge,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Union  Fnr'nace,  a  post-hamlet  in  Starr  township, 
Hocking  co.,  0.,  2i  miles  from  Haydenville  Station,  and 
about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  an  iron-furnace 
and  a  church. 

Union  Furnace,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  See  Mobrell. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  Grove  town- 
ship, Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Sterling,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Clin- 
ton, Iowa.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1070. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Hamburg. 

Union  Grove,  township.  Meeker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  411. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  near 
Grand  River,  about  64  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andes  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  haa  a 
church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Union  Grove,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.  P.  1029. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn. 

Union  Grove,  a  village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  12  milee 
W.  of  Kaufman.     It  has  3  churches. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Yorkville  township, 
Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Racine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  about  400. 

Union  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Estill  co.,  Ky. 

Union  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Union  Hill,  a  mining-camp  of  Nevada  oo.,  Cal.,  2i 
miles  from  Grass  Valley.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Kankakee  City. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  oo.,  Iowa. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-offioe  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  thfl 
Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of 
Charlotte.     It  has  a  pump-factory. 

Union  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  8 
miles  N.  of  St.  John.     It  has  a  pump-faotory. 


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L^nion  House,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  oo.,  Cal. 

Union  Junction,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Wilkesbarre. 

Union  Lakes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
16  miles  N.  of  Faribault.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are 
two  small  lakes. 

Union  IJev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Union  Meet'ing-House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Noble  township,  La 
Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  South  Bend,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Valparaiso.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ao.     Pop.  300. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  North  Skunk  River,  about  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  on 
Pipe  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Westminster.  It  has  a  tannery, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  about  125. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-offiee  of  Tippah  oo..  Miss. 

Union  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  Weep- 
ing Water  Creek,  12i  miles  N.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  a 
flhnrch  and  a  flour-mill. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  contains  a  church,  2 
paper-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  peg-factory. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rivanna  River,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It 
has  a  cotton-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  church. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  oo..  Wis.,  about  13 
•niles  N.  of  Mineral  Point. 

Union  Pass,  Montana,  is  a  depression  in  the  Gallatin 
Range  of  mountains,  in  Gallatin  co.,  near  Liberty  Peak. 
The  pass  is  said  to  be  7283  feet  above  the  sea. 

Union  Pier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  New  BuS'alo,  and  50  miles  by  water 
E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Union  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Union  Point,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Athens  Branch, 
76  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches, 
1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  5  stores. 

Union  Point,  or  Preston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
©D.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  9  miles  below 
Grand  Tower. 

Unionport,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind. 

Union  Port,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Columbus  Railroad,  20 
miles  W,  of  Steubenville.     Pop.  about  200. 

Union  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Allamakee 
CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  854. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa,  is  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Butler  and  Franklin  cos.,  about  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Charles  City. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mc,  15 
miles  S.  of  Unionville. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Gosper  oo..  Neb. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Milton  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Union  River,  Hancock  oo..  Me.,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  at  Mount  Desert  Island.  It  is 
navigable  to  Ellsworth. 

Union  Soci'ety ,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
S3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany. 

Unionsport,  yun'yuns-port,  a  village  of  Randolph  oo., 
Ind.,  in  White  River  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Wincnester. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Union  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bullock  oo., 
.\^la.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Montgomery  A  Eufaula  Railroad,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery, and  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.  It  con- 
tains 7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  court-house,  a  bank- 
ing-house, the  Union  Springs  Institute,  a  cotton-factory, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  1862 ;  in  1890,  2049. 

Union  Springs,  a  post- village  in  Springport  town- 
ship, Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  E. 
■here  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  on  the  Cayuga  Southern  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  a  large  Orthodox 
Friends'  boarding-school  named  Oakwood  Seminary,  quar- 


ries of  gypsum  and  limestone,  and  manufactures  of  bricks 
drain-tiles,  flour,  ground  plaster,  and  threshing-machines 
About  35,000  tons  of  plaster  are  annually  shipped  here. 
Here  are  some  remarkable  springs,  which  supply  motive- 

fower  for  several  mills,  and  in  the  vicinity  is  Frontenac 
sle,  the  only  island  in  this  chain  of  lakes.  Steamboats  ply- 
ing between  Ithaca  and  Cayuga  stop  here     P.  (1890)  1066. 

Union  Square,  a  station  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  2 
miles  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Union  Square,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mexico  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Union  Square,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  18  miles  from  Kentville.     Pop.  100. 

Union  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  oo.,  Ey.,  4 
miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  59  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  104. 

Union  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Ealb  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Joseph. 

Union  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with  Newark,  6 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Newark. 

Union  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa., 
in  East  Cocalico  township,  on  the  Reading  A  Columbia 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  a  limestone-quarry,  3  stores,  2  hotels,  Ac. 

Union  Station,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.  See  Union  Depot. 

Uniontown,  yiin'yun-t5wn,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of 
Selma,  and  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Demopolis.  It  contains  6 
churches,  2  or  3  seminaries,  and  2  steam  grist-mills.  Cotton 
is  its  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Uniontown,  a  village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  American  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Shingle 
Springs.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  wine  and 
brandy. 

Uniontown,  a  village  of  Washington,  D.C.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  Anaoostia  Creek,  and  on  the  Alexandria  Branch  of 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  1^  miles  S.E.  of  the  Capi- 
tol. It  has  2  churches,  2  drug-stores,  and  a  hotel.  An  iron 
bridge  connects  this  place  with  Washington  City.  Pop. 
about  1000.     Here  is  Anaoostia  Post-Office. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Galesburg. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  Iowa,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Delhi. 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Bour- 
bon CO.,  Kansas,  16  miles  W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  3  stores, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below  Evansville,  Ind.,  and  23 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  is  the  largest  village  of 
the  county,  the  products  of  which  are  shipped  here.  It  has 
a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  1016;  in  1890,  1037. 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  2i  miles  N.  of  Linwood  Station 
of  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  319. 

Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Mo.,  about  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Perryville. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  4^  miles 
from  Downing  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
railroad  between  New  York  and  New  Brunswick,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Rahway.     Here  is  Iselin  Post-Office. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles 
from  Phillipsburg.     It  has  about  10  houses. 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  in  Wheeling  township,  Bel- 
mont CO.,  0.,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  166. 

Uniontown,  a  village  in  Newton  township,  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  5  churches.  Pop.  287.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Fultonham. 

Uniontown,  a  village  in  Lake  township.  Stark  co.,  0., 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Akron,  and  about  13  miles  N.  of  Canton. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  tannery.     Here  is  Lake  Post-Office. 

Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Uniontown,  a  borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Mifflin 
township,  on  Mahan tango  Creek,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Sun- 
bury.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.    Pop.  333.    Here  is  Pillow  Post-Offioflb 


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Uniontown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Fayette  oo., 
Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  National  Road,  and  on 
the  Fayette  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  B^il- 
road,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Connellsville,  and  70  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
2  national  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  news- 
paper offictis,  a  soldiers'  orphan  school,  the  Madison  College, 
2  iron-foundries,  &c.     Pop.  in  1880,  3265  ;  in  1890,  6359. 

Uniontown,  Union  co..  Pa.    See  Cairo. 

Uniontown,  post-oflBce,  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

UniontOAVii,  a  post-office  >f  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Union  Vale,  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1446. 

Union  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co,,  Kansas. 

Union  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo. 

Union  Valley,  a  village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Paterson. 

Union  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
about  36  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Union  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Union  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  about  21  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Union  Village,  New  York.    See  Greenwich. 

Union  Village,  a  Shaker  village  in  Turtle  Creek 
township,  Warren  oo.,  0.,  4  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
manufactures  of  brooms  and  botanic  medicines,  and  a 
church.     Pop.  232. 

Union  Village,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  S.  border  of  Thetford  township,  3  miles  from  Pompa- 
noosuc  Station,  and  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  marble 
monuments. 

Unionville,  yfln'yun-vll,  a  post- village  in  Farmington 
township,  Hartford  co.,'  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River, 
and  on  the  Collinsville  Branch  of  the  New  Haven  <fc  North- 
ampton Railroad,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Hartford,  and  34 
miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  paper,  furniture,  light  hardware,  <kc. 

Unionville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Macon. 

Unionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Ohio  oo.,  Ind.,  on  Laughery 
Creek,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  in  Udell  township,  Appa- 
noose CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Centre- 
ville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  fur- 
niture, and  lumber.     Pop.  183.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Unionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Frederick  City,  and  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Balti- 
more.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.   Pop.  120. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Akron,  Columbia,  and  Geneva  townships,  21  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Bay  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  capital 
of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Southwestern 
Railroad,  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomfield,  Iowa,  and  about 
60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  bank,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  189U,  1118. 

Unionville,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana. 

Unionville,  a  post- village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  is  at 
the  eastern  base  of  the  Humboldt  Mountain  range,  20  miles 
S.  of  Mill  City,  and  about  108  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Vir- 
ginia City.  It  has  a  church,  2  quartz-mills,  and  a  silver- 
mine.     Pop.  470. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Clayton  township,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  20  miles  S. 
of  Camden.     It  nas  a  church. 

Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
from  Ringoes  Station. 

^  Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from 
German  Valley  Station.     Pop.  about  50. 

Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany.     The  post-office  is  Union  Church. 

Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  4^  miles 
from  Adams  Centre.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Unionville,  a  village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Gunter's 
Station  on  the  Brooklyn,  Bath  <fc  Coney  Island  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

Unionville,  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.    See  North  Parma. 

Unionville,    a    post-village    in    Minisink    township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  chair-factory. 
169 


Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Saagertiea 
township,  6  miles  from  Tivoli  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  quarry  of  bluestone. 

Unionville  (Neperan  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  of  Lakeco.,  0.,  in  Madison 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Painesville,  and  4  miles  from 
Lake  Erie.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  drug-store. 

Unionville  (Meigsville  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Mor- 
gan CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  92. 

Unionville,  a  village  in  Union  township,  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  1  mile  from  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  and 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  iron- 
furnace,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  high  school.  The  name  of  it* 
post-office  is  Brower. 

Unionville,  a  borough  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in  Union 
township,  on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  6  miles 
W.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  4 
churches.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Fleming.     P.  320. 

Unionville,  a  post- village  in  East  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Chester  oo..  Pa.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester,  34 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Wil- 
mington A  Reading  Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  the 
Unionville  Institute,  a  tannery,  a  public  hall,  and  a  public 
library.     Pop.  about  300. 

Unionville,  a  village  in  North  Whitehall  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  coach-factory.  Pop.  about  150.  Here  is 
Ners  Post-Office. 

Unionville,  South  Carolina.     See  Union. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Shelbyville,  and  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Nashville.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  or  3  churches,  a  steam 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Unionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  of  Orange  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Rouge,  20  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  6  stores,  and  3  hotels.    P.  250. 

Unionville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0., 
on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Colum- 
bus with  Urbana  (Unionville  Station),  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Uniop'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lima.     Pop.  120. 

Unique,  yu-neek',  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Unison,  yu'n^-zon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Purcellville. 

Unitaria,  yu-n§-ta're-a,  a  hamlet  in  Colesville  town- 
ship, Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  from  Nineveh  Junction. 

United  States  of  America,  The  (Fr.  Etau-Unu, 
iHiz'-U^nee' ;  Port,  and  Sp.  Estadoi  Unidos,  is-t4'dos  oo- 
nee'dos  or  4s-t4'Doce  oo-nee'Doce ;  It.  Stati  Uniti,  sti'tee 
oo-nee'tee ;  Ger.  Vereinigte  Staaten  von  Nord-Amerioa,  fpr- 
i'niG-t§h  sti't^n  fon  noRt-&-mdr'e-k&,  less  correctly  Ver- 
einigte Staaten  simply ;  Dutch,  Vereenigde  Staaten,  fjr-A'- 
nio-d^h  sti't^n),  a  federal  republic  of  North  America, 
comprising,  exclusive  of  Alaska,  which  lies  entirely  N.  and 
W.  of  the  strict  boundaries,  a  vast  tract  extending  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  and  the  Re- 
public of  Mexico.  At  the  N.E.,  more  than  half  of  Maine 
extends  in  cone-form  into  Canada,  with  New  Brunswick  on 
the  N.E.  and  Quebec  on  the  N.W.;  thence  the  N.  line  runs 
along  the  45th  parallel  to  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  thence  a 
line  intersecting  that  river  and  Lakes  Ontario,  Erie,  Huron, 
and  Superior  forms  the  boundary  to  the  N.E.  point  of  Min- 
nesota, lat.  48°  25'  N.,  Ion.  89°  38'  W.,  whence  the  line  curves 
slightly  northward  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  lat.  49°  24' 
N.,  Ion.  94°  W.,  and  from  this  lake  W.  the  49th  parallel 
forms  the  N.  boundary  to  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  and  Fuca 
Strait.  At  the  S.E.,  the  peninsula  of  Florida  projects  out 
nearly  400  miles  towards  Cuba,  washed  by  the  Atlantic  on 
the  E.,  and  enclosing  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  W.  and 
S.W.,  with  the  connecting  Gulf  of  Florida  flowing  past  its 
S.  extremity ;  a  small  part  of  Alabama,  passing  the  W.  end 
of  the  mainland  strip  of  Florida,  reaches  the  Gulf;  a  simi- 
lar portion  of  Mississippi,  passing  Louisiana,  along  Pearl 
River,  also  reaches  the  Gulf;  while  Louisiana  has  about 
380  miles  of  coast  to  Sabine  Lake ;  and  the  vast  state  of 
Texas,  extending  along  the  N.W.  and  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf 


UNI 


2682 


UNI 


for  upwards  of  375  miles  to  a  point  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Qrande,  lat.  25°  45'  N.,  has  that  great  river  for  its  S.W, 
boundary,  separating  it  from  Mexico,  to  lat.  31°  50'  N., 
where  the  line  leaves  the  river  and  runs  W.  100  miles,  due 
S.  30  miles,  W.  160  miles,  W.N.W.  about  225  miles  to  the 
Colorado  of  the  West,  and  from  Fort  Yuma  W.  to  the  Paoific. 
The  main  British-American  boundary  is  ofScially  3540 
miles  in  length  (exclusive  of  that  of  Alaska,  which  has  not 
yet  been  definitely  established),  and  the  Mexican  1550  miles; 
the  maximum  width,  from  the  N.  extremity  of  Minnesota 


to  the  S.  extremity  of  Texas,  is  about  1600  miles ;  and  the 
length  near  the  42d  parallel  is  about  2700  miles.  The  centre 
of  population  was  long  about  midway  of  the  Atlantic  sea- 
board, but  within  a  generation  the  West  has  grown  up 
with  such  marvellous  rapidity  that  its  great  states  are 
coming  to  the  front  as  the  rivals  in  population  of  the  older 
states,  Illinois,  a^  returned  in  the  census  of  1890,  holding 
third  rank,  Ohio  fourth,  Missouri  fifth,  and  Texas  seventh. 
The  relative  growth  of  the  several  states  is  shown  in  the 
following  table : 


ijl        Civil  Divisions. 


Population  in  SucceBsive  Decades,  according  to  the  Census  of  the  Years  named. 


1890. 


1870. 


1860. 


1860. 


1840. 


1830. 


1820. 


1810. 


1800. 


1790. 


ORIGINAL  STATUS. 


New  Hampshire., 

Massachusetts 

Khode  Island 

OoDnecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey , 

Fennsylvania 

Delaware 

Mary  land 

"Virginia 

North  Carolina... 
South  Carolina... 
Georgia 


STATES  ADMITTED. 

Kentucky 

Vermont. , 

Ten  nessee 

Maine 

Texas 

West  Virginia 

PUBLIO   LAND   STATES 
AND   TERBITOBIES. 

States. 

Ohio 

Louisiana 

Indiana ..' 

Mississippi , 

Illinois c 

Alabama 

Missouri 

Arkansas 

Michigan 

Florida 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kansas 

Nevadaf 

Nebraska 

Colorado^ 

North  Dakota? 

South  Dakota| 

Waahingtonll 

Montana^ 

Wyoming** 

Idahott 


Teirritories. 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

ArizonaJt 

OklahomaJJ... 

Alaska 

Indian  Territory 

District  of  Columbia.. 


Total. 


376,630 
2,238,943 

345,606 

746,258 
5,<)97,853 
1,444,933 
6,258,014 

168,493 
1,042,390 
1,665,980 
1,617,947 
1,161,149 
1,837,353 


1,868,636 
332,422 

1,767,518 
661,086 

2,236,623 
762,794 


3,672,316 

1,118,587 

2,192,404 

1,289,600 

3,826,351 

1,613,017 

2,679,184 

1,128,179 

2,093,889 

391,422 

1,911,896 

1,686,880 

1,208,130 

1,301,826 

313,767 

1,427,096 

45,761 

1,068,910 

412,198 

182,719 

328,808 

349,390 

132,169 

60,705 

84,385 


153,693 

207,905 

59,620 

61,834 

31,795 

186,490 

230,392 


62,840,535 


346,991 

1,783,085 

276,631 

622,700 

6,082,871 

1,131,116 

4,282,891 

146,608 

934,943 

1,512,565 

1,.399,760 

996,577 

1,642,180 


1,648,690 
332,286 

l,542,:i59 
648,936 

1,591,749 
618,457 


3,198,062 

939,946 

1,978,301 

1,131,697 

3,077,871 

1,262,505 

2,168,380 

802,525 

1,636,937 

269,493 

1,624,616 

1,315,497 

864,694 

780,773 

174,768 

996,096 

62,266 

452,402 

194,327 

I  136,177 

76,116 
.39,159 
20,789 
32,610 


119,566 

143,963 

40,440 

33,426 

No  census 

177,624 


50,189,209 


318,300 
1,457,361 

217,363 

637,454 
4,382,759 

906,096 
3,621,951 

126,016 

780,891 
1,225,163 
1,071,361 

705,606 
1,184,109 


1,321,011 
330,551 

1,258,620 
626,915 
818,679 
442,014 


2,665,260 

726,916 
1,680,637 

827,922 
2,539,891 

996,992 
1,721,296 

484,471 
1,184,069 

188,248 
1,194,020 
1,054,670 

582,031 

439,706 
90,923 

364,399 
42,491 

122,993 
47,164 

14,181 
23,965 
20,595 
9,118 
14,999 


91,879 

86,786 

9,658 

No  census 

No  census 

131,700 


38,587,960 


326,073 

1,231,066 
174,620 
460,147 

3,880,736 
672,036 

2,906,215 
112,216 
687,049 

1,596,318 
992,622 
703,708 

1,057,286 


1,155,684 
315,098 

1,109,801 
628,279 
604,216 


2,.339,511 

708,002 

1,360,428 

791,305 

1,711,951 

964,201 

1,182,012 

435,450 

749,113 

140,424 

674,913 

776,881 

379,994 

172,023 

62,465 

107,206 

6,857 

28,841 

34,277 

4,837 

11,694 


93,616 
40,273 


75,080 


317,976 
994,614 
147,545 
370,792 

3,097,394 
489,665 

2,311,786 

91,532 

683,034 

1,421,661 
869,039 
668,607 
906,185 


982,406 
.314,120 
1,002,717 
683,169 
212,592 


1,980,329 
517,762 
988,416 
605,948 
861,470 
771,623 
082,044 
209,897 
397,654 

87,446 
192,214 
306,391 

92,697 
6,077 

13,294 


284,674 
737,699 
108,830 
309,978 

2,428,921 
373,306 

1,724,033 
78,086 
470,019 

1,239,797 
763,419 
694,398 
691,392 


779,828 
291,948 
829,210 
501,793 


1,519,467 

362,411 

686,866 

376,661 

476,183 

590,766 

383,702 

97,674 

212,267 

64,477 

43,112 

30,945 


269,328 

610,408 

97,199 

297,676 

1,918,608 
320,823 

1,348,233 

76,748 

447,040 

1,211,405 
737,987 
681,186 
616,283 


687,917 
280,652 
681,904 
399,465 


937,903 

215,739 

343,031 

136,621 

167,446 

309,527 

140,146 

30,388 

31,639 

34,730 


244,161* 

623,287* 

83,059* 

275,248* 

1,372,812* 
277,575* 

1,049,458* 

72,749 

407,360 

1,065,366* 
638,829 
602,741 
340,986 


664,317* 
235,981* 
422,813* 
298,335* 


681, 
153, 
147, 
75, 
65, 
127, 


434* 

407* 

178 

448 

211* 

901 

,686* 

255* 

896* 


214,360 
472,040 

76,931 
201,942 
959,049 
246,562 
810,091 

72,674 
380,646 
974,600 
665,. 500 
415,115 
252,433 


406,611 
217,896 
261,727 
228,706 


230,760 
76,666 
24,520 
40,362 
12,282 

20,845 

4,762 


183,762 
422,846 

69,122 
251,002 
589,051 
211,149 
602,365 

64,273 
.341,548 
880,200 
478,103 
345,691 
162,686 


220,965 
164,465 
106,602 
151,719 


45,366 

5,641 
8,850 


141,899 
378,787 

68,826 
237,946 
340,120 
184,139 
434,373 

69,096 
319,728 
747,610 
393,761 
249,073 

82,648 


73,677 
86,425 
35,691  - 
96,640 


31,443,221 


61,547 
11,380 


51,687        43,712 


39,834 


23,191,298  17,063,353 


12,869,862 


33,039 


9,638,421 


24,023 


14,093 


7,239,781 


6,308,387  3,929,228 


*  In  the  census  of  1820  a  special  enumeration  was  made  of  inmates  of  almshouses,  asylums,  prisons,  &c._,  who  were  classed  as  "all 
other  persons,  except  Indians  not  taxed,"  in  the  several  states,  and  our  figures  (marked  with  an  asterisk)  include  them:  the  total  of 
sueh  in  the  country  that  year  was  4031.  In  1830  and  1840  citizens  in  the  naval  and  marine  service  were  enumerated,  amounting  in 
1830  to  6100,  and  in  1840  to  5318.  In  1840  there  was  an  error  in  the  enumeration  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  and  a  second  count  added 
787,  which  must  be  added  to  the  population  of  Maryland  as  given  in  the  table,  and  to  the  total,  making  it  17,064,140. 

t  Nevada  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  2, 1861,  out  of  a  part  of  New  Mexico  and  a  strip  from  California.  Nevada  was  admitted  as 
a  state  in  1864.  j.    ■    -,  oto 

t  Colorado  was  organized  as  a  territory  bv  Act  of  February  28, 1861,  out  of  parts  of  New  Mexico  and  Utah ;  admitted  as  a  state  in  1»7«. 

I  Dakota  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  2, 1861,  out  of  a  part  of  Nebraska;  divided  Into  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota,  which 
were  admitted  as  states  in  1889. 

II  Washington  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  2, 1853,  out  of  a  part  of  Oregon  ;  admitted  as  a  state  In  1889. 

%  By  Act  of  May  26, 1864,  the  territory  of  Montana  was  created  out  of  a  part  of  Idaho ;  admitted  as  a  state  in  188* 

**  Wyoming  was  organized  by  Act  of  July  25,  1868,  out  of  parts  of  Utah,  Dakota,  and  Idaho ;  admitted  as  a  state  in  1890. 

+t  Idaho  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  3,  \86i,  out  of  a  part  of  Washington ;  admitted  as  a  state  in  1890. 

it  Arizona  was  organized  by  Act  of  February  24,  1863,  out  of  a  part  of  Western  New  Mexico. 

g|  Oklahoma  was  organized  by  Act  of  May  2,  1890,  out  of  a  part  of  Indian  Territory  and  the  Public  Land  Strip. 


The  constitution  provides  for  the  decennial  enumeration 
of  the  residents  of  the  states,  exclusive  of  Indians,  except 
those  who  have  in  recent  years  become  citizens  of  the 
country.  In  the  census  of  1880  the  superintendent  made 
•stimates  of  the  number  of  Indians  in  each  state  and  terri- 


tory. In  the  census  of  1890  the  enumeration  of  all  persons 
in  Indian  Territory  is  practically  complete,  making  the 
population  186,490.  By  adding  this  and  the  number  of 
Indians  not  counted  in  the  other  civil  divisions,  130,546, 
the  total  population  for  1890  is  62,971,081.     The  greater 


tJNI 


2683 


UNI 


proportion  by  far  of  the  original  European  settlers  of  the 
United  States  came  from  the  British  Isles ;  and  the  English 
is  almost  everywhere  the  prevailing  language.  The  Dutch 
and  German  elements  of  colonial  New  York  were  slow  in 
adopting  the  English  language,  and  some  of  the  de- 
scendants of  the  Dutch  settlers,  especially  in  rural  districts, 
made  use  of  a  Dutch  patois  up  to  a  very  recent  date.  In 
Pennsylvania  large  numbers  of  the  people  still  use  a 
Qvman  dialect,  closely  kindred  to  that  of  the  Upper 
Rhine  districts  of  the  fatherland.  The  recent  extensive 
immigration  of  German -speaking  people  has  greatly  in- 
creased the  use  of  their  tongue  in  almost  all  parts  of  the 
country ;  but  the  Germans  of  the  later  immigration  are 
rapidly  Americanized,  especially  in  the  towns,  where  all 
learn  to  use  the  English  language.  The  French  language 
prevails  in  a  large  part  of  Louisiana ;  and  ever  since  the 
colonial  period  there  has  been  a  small  French-speaking 
oommunity  in  the  northeast  of  Maine.  There  has  been 
of  late  a  great  influx  of  hardy  and  industrious  French 
Canadians  into  the  country,  of  whom  complaint  has  been 
made  that  they  do  not  assimilate  themselves  to  American 
ways,  a  considerable  proportion  returning  after  a  time  to 
their  native  country.  The  Spanish  language  is  spoken  in 
Southern  Florida,  and  by  many  natives  of  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  and  the  adjacent  regions.  The  later  European 
immigration  has  been  very  largely  of  Irish,  Germans, 
English,  Scandinavians,  Italians,  and  Poles.  The  Scan- 
dinavian element  is  particularly  strong  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Newspapers  are  issued 
in  German,  French,  Scandinavian,  Spanish,  Czech,  Dutch, 
Welsh,  Finnish,  Italian,  Portuguese,  Hungarian,  Basque, 
Irish,  and  Chinese,  and  in  one  or  two  of  the  native  Indian 
languages.  Other  peoples  having  a  small  recent  represen- 
tation among  immigrants  are  Icelanders,  Lapps,  Serbs, 
Roumanians,  Greeks,  Armenians,  Malays,  and  Polynesians. 
The  African  race  is  very  liberally  represented ;  there  were  in 
1880  more  than  6,500,000  persons  of  pure  or  mixed  African 
descent.  These  are  all  descendants  of  slaves.  The  African 
seat  of  the  slave-trade  was  principally  the  intertropical 
part  of  the  West  Coast ;  but  many  slaves  were  at  one 
time  brought  from  Eastern  Africa,  and  even  from  Mada- 
gascar, where  the  native  population  is  of  Malayan  rather 
than  African  stock.  As  a  consequence  the  American  negro 
race  is  of  a  highly  complex  origin,  nearly  every  African 
coast  tribe  having  contributed  to  the  original  stock.  The 
present  status  of  the  American  negro  is  one  of  transition. 
Marked  off  by  the  hand  of  nature  from  the  rest  of  the 
people,  and  still  more  positively  assigned  by  popular 
prejudice  to  the  position  of  an  inferior  caste,  the  negro 
race  in  America  is  heavily  handicapped  in  the  contest  for 
life  and  progress.  From  the  nature  of  things,  the  assimi- 
lation of  this  race  to  the  whites  takes  place  chiefly  among 
the  lowest  of  both  colors.  The  unhappy  position  of  the 
American  negro  is  everywhere  acknowledged,  and  generous 
humanitarian  efforts  are  being  made  for  his  relief  and 
elevation  in  intelligence  and  manhood. 

The  aggregate  area  of  the  states  and  territories,  exclu- 
sive of  Alaska,  is  3,024,880  square  miles,  to  which  should 
be  added  720  square  miles  for  coast-waters  not  included 
within  any  state  boundary,  making  the  total  area  of  the 
United  States  proper  3,025,600  square  miles.  The  area 
of  Alaska  is  estimated  in  the  eleventh  census  at  570,000 
square  miles.  The  states  of  the  Union  have  been  variously 
grouped  for  different  purposes,  as  the  New  England  States, 
the  Middle  States,  the  Gulf  States,  Ac,  the  Northern 
States,  the  Southern  States,  Ac,  the  Atlantic  States,  the 
Pacific  States,  Ac,  and  otherwise,  but  for  the  purpose  of 
exhibiting  the  details  of  area  the  civil  divisions  have 
been  arranged  as  above, — the  Thirteen  Original  States,  the 
States  Admitted  (t.e.,  those  that  were  not  organized  ter- 
ritories previous  to  their  organization  as  states),  and  the 
Public  Land  States,  or  those  that  have  been  formed  out  of 
the  public  lands  of  the  United  States,  first  being  organized 
under  territorial  governments,  and  later  into  states.  It 
must  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  in  making  any  comparison 
of  the  areas,  Ac,  especially  of  "  the  Thirteen  Originals," 
that  some  of  the  younger  members  of  the  Union  were 
formed  out  of  portions  of  the  older  states,  as  Kentucky 
out  of  Virginia,  Maine  out  of  Massachusetts,  Vermont  out 
of  territory  claimed  by  both  New  York  and  New  Hamp- 
shire, and,  more  recently,  West  Virginia  out  of  Virginia,  of 
which  it  was  an  integral  part  until  the  last  day  of  1862. 
In  the  following  table  we  give  the  states  and  territories; 
in  the  second  column,  opposite  the  Land  States,  are  the 
dates  of  the  passage  of  the  respective  acts  organizing  them 
under  territorial  government;  in  the  third  column,  opposite 
the  Thirteen  Original  States,  the  year  in  which  each  rati- 


fied the  national  constitution,  and  opposite  the  rest  th« 
date  of  the  admission  of  each  as  a  state  of  the  Union ;  in 
the  fourth  and  fifth  columns,  the  area  of  each  state  and 
territory  in  square  miles,  the  fifth  column  showing  the  full 
area,  inolading  both  land  and  water  surfaces. 


Civil  Dividons. 


OBIOIIf  AL  BTATKB. 

New  Hampshire... 

Massachusetts 

Rhode  Island....... 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania.... 

Delaware... 

Maryland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina. 
South  Carolina. 
Georgia 


Act  organiz- 
ing Terri- 
tory. 


STATES   ADMITTED, 

Kentucky^ 

Vermont 

Tennessee 

Maine 

Texas 

West  Virginia...... 


PUBLIC  LAND 

STATES      AND 
TERBITOBIES. 

State*. 

Ohio 

Louisiana 

Indiana 

Mississippi 

Illinois 

Alabama 

Missouri 

Arkansas.... 

Michigan 

Florida 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kansas 

Nevada 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

North  Dakota...  ( 
South  Dakota....  \ 

Washington 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 


Territorie*. 

New  Mexico.. 

Utah 

Arizona 

Oklahoma. 

Alaska 

Indian  Territory.. 

District  of   Co-/ 

lumbia ( 


Total. 


Act  admit- 
ting State. 


July  13, 1787 
Mar.  3,1805 
May  7,1800 
Apr.  7,1798 
Feb.  3,1809 
Mar.  3,1817 
June  4,1812 
Mar.  2,1819 
Jan.  11, 1805 
Mar.  30, 1822 
June  12, 1838 
Apr.  20, 1836 


Mar.  3,1849 
Aug.  14, 1848 
May  30, 1854 
Mar.  2,1861 
May  30, 1854 
Feb.  28, 1861 
Mar.  2,1861 
Mar.  2,1861 
Mar.  2,1853 
May  26, 1864 
Mar.  3,1863 
July  25, 1868 


Sept.  9,1860 
Sept.  9,1850 
Feb.  24, 1863 
May  2,1890 
July  27, 1868 


July  16, 1790 
Mar.  3,1791 


June  21, 1788 
Feb.  6,1788 
May  29, 1790 
Jan.  9,1788 
July  26, 1788 
Dec.  18,1787 
Dec.  12, 1787 
Dec.  7,1787 
Apr.  28, 1788 
June  26, 1788 
Nov.  21,1789 
May  23, 1788 
Jan.    2,1788 


Feb.  4,1791 
Feb.  18,1791 
June  1,1796 
Mar.  3,1820 
Dec.  29, 1845 
Dec.  31, 1862 


Apr.  30, 1802 
Apr.  8,1812 
Dec.  11, 1816 
Dec.  10, 1817 
Dec.  3,1818 
Dec.  14, 1819 
Mar.  2,1821 
June  15, 1836 
Jan.  26, 1837 
Mar.  3,1845 
Mar.  3,1845 
Mar.  3,1847 
Sept.  9,1850 
Feb.  26, 1857 
Feb.  14, 1859 
Jan.  29, 1861 
Mar.  21, 1864 
Feb.  9,1867 
Mar.  3,1875 
Feb.  22, 1889 
Feb.  22, 1889 
Feb.  22, 1889 
Feb.  22, 1889 
July  2,1890 
July  11, 1890 


Area  in  sq.  miles. 


Land    Total 
area.    area. 


9,006 

8,040 

1,085 

4,845 

47,620 

7,465 

44,986 

1,960 

9,860 

40,125 

48,580 

30,170 

68,980 


40,000 

9,136 

41,760 

29,896 

262,290 

24,645 


40,760 
46,420 
36,910 
46,340 
56,000 
61,540 
68,736 
63,046 
67,430 
64,240 
65,476 
64,460 

165,980 
79,205 
94,660 
81,700 

109,740 
76,840 

103,645 
70,195 
76,860 
66,880 

145,310 
84,290 
97,675 


122,460 
82,190 

112,920 
38,830 


31,000 
60 


9,806 

8,315 

1,250 

4,990 

49,170 

7,816 

46,216 

2,060 

12,210 

42,450 

62,260 

30,670 

69,476 


40,400 
9,665 
42,060 
33,040 
266,780 
24,780 


41,060 
48,720 
36,360 
46,810 
56,650 
62,250 
69,416 
63,860 
68,916 
68,680 
66,025 
56,040 

158,360 
83,365 
96,030 
82,080 

110,700 
77,610 

103,925 
70,796 
77,650 
69,180 

146,080 
84,800 
97,890 


122,580 
84,970 

113,020 
39,030 

670,000 
31,400 

70 


2,970,0001  3,694,880 


Physical  Characteristics. — Extending  from  25"  N.  of  the 
equator  to  49°,  and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  the 
United  States  possesses,  of  course,  great  diversity  and  va- 
riety in  the  physical  aspects,  soil,  and  climate,  and  conse- 
quently in  the  relative  salubrity,  the  mineral  resources,  the 
indigenous  flora  and  fauna,  and  the  agricultural  possibili- 
ties and  products,  of  its  several  parts  or  sections.  The 
country  may  be  considered  as  naturally  divided  into  three 
parts  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  by  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
of  which  the  former  rises  in  Minnesota,  not  far  S.  of  the 
N.  boundary,  and  flows  southward  to  the  Galf  of  Mexioo, 
and  the  latter  extend  across  the  entire  territory  from  Mex- 
ico into  and  across  British  America  (Canada)  to  the  Arctic 
Ocean.  The  Valley  of  the  Mississippi  in  its  N.  portion,  on 
both  sides  of  the  river,  is  mostly  prairie,  in  some  parts  quite 
level,  generally  rolling ;  but  S.  of  the  Missouri  on  the  W. 
and  of  the  Ohio  on  the  E.  the  surface  is  more  varied. 
There  are  numerous  hilly  tracts,  while  the  level  tracts  are 


UNI 


2684 


UNI 


ofUn  swampy  near  the  large  rivers.  The  district  is  in 
general  liberally  timbered.  North  of  the  £.  division 
Ue  the  great  lakes,  Lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Erie,  and 
Ontario  forming  in  part  the  boundary,  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan being  entirely  within  the  area  of  the  United  States. 
E.  of  the  lakes  there  are  many  hills  and  mountains,  but 
the  highest  of  these  (Mount  Washington)  is  only  8288  feet 
above  ocean-level.  This  is  one  of  the  White  Mountains, 
which  form  a  part  of  the  first  or  N.  section  of  the  Appala- 
chian system,  which  continues  soutbwestward  through  Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland, 
Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  and 
Alabama,  with  numerous  spurs  and  chains,  not  of  the  main 
range,  but  regarded  as  part  of  the  system.  The  spurs  and 
chains  are  designated  by  distinctive  names,  while  the  main 
range  is  known  as  the  Alleghany  Mountains  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  North  Caro- 
lina. A  remarkable  parallelism  is  observable  in  the  general 
course  of  many  of  the  ranges  of  this  system.  The  high- 
est peak  of  the  Appalachians  is  in  North  Carolina,  and 
reacnes  an  altitude  of  6688  feet.  This  is  the  highest 
point  E.  of  the  Mississippi.  Southward  of  Staten  Island 
the  Atlantic  coast  is  mostly  low  and  flat,  and  the  coast- 
line is  somewhat  irregular,  having  many  more  or  less  ex- 
tended inlets  and  some  remarkable  peninsular  formations. 
The  Eastern  and  Southern  coasts  together  form  the  most 
extensive  range  of  low  and  sandy  sea-line  anywhere  known. 
The  Gulf  coast  is  somewhat  irregular,  with  a  large  number 
of  bays,  some  quite  small,  but  others  large  and  important ; 
most  of  them  are  merely  coast-lagoons  shut  in  by  sand- 
spits.  Good  harbors  abound  on  the  Atlantic  side;  while 
there  are  many  reefs  and  keys  off  the  Gulf  coast.  The 
Pacific  coast  is  generally  high  and  rocky,  with  but  few  safe 
harbors.  The  extensive  inlet  of  Puget  Sound  in  the  N.W. 
and  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  are  the  principal  indenta- 
tions of  the  Pacific  coast-line.  Along  the  New  England 
coast  there  are  a  number  of  coast-islands,  of  which  the 
largest  is  Mt.  Desert  Island  in  Maine.  Long  Island  and 
Staten  Island  belong  to  New  York.  The  "  sea  islands," 
noted  for  their  fine  cotton,  belong  to  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  and  the  Florida  Keys  and  the  Dry  Tortugas  to 
f  lorida.  Most  of  the  other  Atlantic  and  Gulf  islands  are 
wave-formed  spits  of  sand,  of  which  Galveston,  Matagorda, 
Brazos,  and  Padre  Islands,  in  Texas,  are  among  the  most 
remarkable.  Off  the  Louisiana  coast  there  are  many  islets, 
of  which  we  may  mention  the  Cbandeleur  group,  named 
from  the  dense  growth  of  candleberry  myrtles  {Myrica 
eerifera).  On  the  Pacific  side  are  the  Santa  Barbara  and 
San  Juan  Islands,  besides  the  numerous  Alaskan  groups. 
Among  these  are  the  Alexander  Archipelago,  Eadiak,  the 
Aleutian  chain,  and  the  Pribylov  and  Shumagin  Islands. 

Outside  the  proper  limits  of  the  United  States,  yet  to 
some  extent  under  the  American  flag,  are  certain  guano- 
islands  of  the  Central  Pacific.  Some  of  these  lie  N.  and 
some  S.  of  the  equator.  They  lie  chiefly  in  the  Central 
Polynesian,  Phoenix,  and  Manihiki  Archipelagoes,  which 
have  by  some  German  geographers  been  classed  together 
as  "  American  Polynesia."  Those  islands  in  this  region 
which  are  considered  to  be  under  the  American  flag  are 
all  small,  dry,  and  destitute  of  permanent  inhabitants,  a 
highly  phosphatic  guano  being  their  only  production  of 
Importance.  Navassa  and  one  or  two  other  guano-islets 
in  the  West  Indies  are  also  temporarily  under  the  Ameri- 
can flag. 

The  first  or  eastern  division  of  the  country  (that  E.  of 
the  Mississippi)  is  by  far  the  most  populous  and  wealthy, 
including  most  of  the  great  manufacturing  centres,  and  all 
the  chief  seaports,  except  San  Francisco, — all  the  consider- 
able ports,  indeed,  except  San  Francisco,  Galveston,  Puget 
Sound,  and  San  Diego.  This  division  is  watered  and 
drained  by  the  great  lakes  on  the  N.  and  by  many  rivers, 
among  which  the  more  important  are  the  St.  Lawrence, 
bounding  it  for  some  distance  N.E.  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  the 
Mississippi  on  the  W. ;  the  Penobscot,  Kennebec,  Connec- 
ticut, Hudson,  Delaware,  Susquehanna,  Ohio  (with  its 
originals  the  Alleghany  and  the  Monongahela,  and  its 
chief  affluents,  the  Kanawha,  Scioto,  Miami,  Kentucky, 
Wabash,  Cumberland,  and  Tennessee),  Potomac,  James, 
Roanoke,  Pedee,  Santee,  Savannah,  Altamaha,  St.  John's, 
Chattahoochee,  Alabama,  Mobile,  and  Pearl. 

The  second  or  middle  division  comprises  one  of  the  best 
farming-regions  of  the  world,  while  a  considerable  part  of 
what  is  not  capable  of  yielding  large  returns  to  the  hus- 
bandman offers  the  miner  rich  stores  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
zinc,  and  other  valuable  minerals ;  and  a  fair  quality  of 
ooal  is  abundant  in  some  localities.  The  other  advantages 
of  this  division  are  materially  enhanced  by  a  generally 


delightful  and  salubrious  climate :  even  the  colder  regiona 
of  Dakota  and  Montana,  and  the  warmer  of  New  Mexico 
and  Texas,  are  rendered  always  healthful  and  tolerable,  if 
not  actually  genial  at  some  seasons,  by  the  dryness  of  the 
atmosphere  and  the  infrequency  of  excessively  severe  or 

Erolonged  inclement  weather.  Though  still  sparsely  in- 
abited,  this  section  is  rapidly  growing  in  population,  the 
incomers  being,  as  a  rule,  of  the  hardy,  energetic,  and 
thrifty  classes  of  settlers  from  the  older  states,  with  a  la^ge 
admixture  of  the  more  industrious  and  otherwise  desirable 
of  the  immigrants  from  foreign  climes.  From  the  Missis- 
sippi Valley  westward  indications  are  soon  observed  of  the 
Eroximity  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  system,  though  Ne- 
raska  and  Kansas,  and  even  Dakota  and  Texas  in  great 
part,  are  rather  level,  with  such  slight  elevations  and  de- 
pressions as  characterize  a  prairie  country,  the  occasional 
occurrence  of  hilly  or  mountainous  tracts  and  extensive 
forests  varying  the  vast  prairie  and  pasture  areas.  But 
the  W.  part  of  Texas,  all  of  New  Mexico  and  Colorado, 
nearly  all  of  Wyoming,  and  the  W.  part  of  Montana,  are 
occupied  by  the  main  ranges  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  with 
the  great  valleys  and  canons  and  the  numerous  spurs 
and  chains  of  that  vast  system.  This  division  is  watered 
and  drained  by  a  great  number  of  rivers,  among  which  the 
most  notable  are  the  Mississippi,  forming  its  E.  boundary, 
and  the  Rio  Grande,  its  S.W.  boundary ;  the  Missouri  (with 
its  dozen  important  tributaries,  the  Maria's,  Milk,  Yellow 
stone.  White  Earth,  Little  Missouri,  Cheyenne,  Dakota, 
Niobrara,  Sioux,  Platte,  Kansas,  and  Osage),  the  Arkansas, 
and  the  Red,  the  three  great  western  affluents  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi ;  the  Sabine  (and  its  affluent  the  Neches),  the 
Trinity,  the  Brazos,  and  the  Colorado  of  Texas,  flowing 
into  the  Gulf;  and  the  Pecos,  flowing  into  the  Rio  Grande. 
The  third  or  western  division  includes  the  states  and  ter- 
ritories of  the  Pacific  slope.  With  the  exception  of  Kamasg 
Prairie  in  Idaho  and  a  number  of  less  extended  prairie- 
tracts,  the  surface  is  more  or  less  mountainous  through- 
out, with  numerous  elevated  plateaus,  some  of  them  of 
considerable  area,  very  many  marvellous  canons,  and  a 
variety  of  soil  and  climate  as  great  as  can  be  found  in 
the  same  extent  of  territory  in  any  other  part  of  the 
world ;  but  with  all  the  variety  there  is  no  more  healthful 
or  otherwise  more  desirable  region  upon  the  globe.  In 
the  possession  of  natural  wealth  in  mountains  and  streams, 
in  the  exhaustless  stores  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  borax, 
sulphur,  soda,  potash-salts,  rock-salt,  arsenic,  marble,  gran- 
ite, alabaster,  slate,  lignite,  &o,,  the  Pacific  slope  is  un- 
rivalled by  any  locality,  while  in  many  districts  the  agri- 
cultural products  have  been  profuse  beyond  what  a  like 
outlay  of  money  and  labor  secures  elsewhere.  Besides  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  the  spurs  and  chains  belonging  to 
their  system,  there  are  many  separate,  some  quite  isolated, 
mountains,  and  an  extensive  mountain-system  near  the 
coast,  including  two  great  ranges,  the  Sierra  Nevada  and 
the  Cascade  Range,  from  80  to  150  miles  inland,  and  the 
Coast  Ranges.  The  Salmon  River  Mountains,  stretching 
west-northwestward  from  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the 
boundary  of  Idaho  and  Oregon,  nearly  connect  with  the 
Blue  Mountains,  which  branch  off  northeastward  from  the 
Cascade  Mountains,  thus  almost  uniting  the  two  systems ; 
but  below,  in  Nevada  and  Utah,  the  two  Humboldt  Ranges, 
the  Wahsatch  Range,  and  many  minor  lines  of  mountains 
trend  N.  and  S.,  not  generally  connecting  directly  with 
either  of  the  great  systems.  The  Cascade  has  been  con- 
sidered a  continuation  northward  of  the  Coast  Range; 
although  a  chain  extends  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  the 
California  branch  of  the  Cascade  Mountains.  In  reality 
the  Coast  and  Cascade  Ranges  are  pretty  thoroughly  marked 
off  as  two  ranges  throughout  nearly  their  whole  course. 
Far  to  the  N.  the  Cascade  Range  seems  to  become  the  main 
chain  of  the  whole  Western  mountain  system.  The  Sierra 
Nevada  and  the  Cascade  Ranges  are  continuous  topographi- 
cally, but  geologically  and  structurally  they  differ.  The 
Sierras  consist  of  granite  and  metamorphic  rock,  while  the 
Cascade  Range  is  volcanic.  The  Coast  Ranges  are  of  more 
recent  formation.  Among  the  great  rivers  of  this  division 
the  chief  are  the  Colorado  of  the  West  (with  its  originals 
the  Grand  and  Green,  and  its  tributaries,  the  Rio  de  San 
Juan,  Virgen,  and  Gila),  Sacramento,  Klamath,  and  Co- 
lumbia (with  its  affluents,  Clarke's  Fork,  Okanagon,  Snake, 
and  Willamette).  The  Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  is  the 
largest  body  of  water  in  this  division  ;  there  are  a  number 
of  smaller  lakes,  of  which  Tulare  is  about  650  square 
miles  and  Mono  about  100  square  miles  in  extent.  At  the 
N.W.  corner,  Puget  Sound,  a  large  lake,  with  Admiralty 
Inlet,  a  deep  open  channel  connecting  it  with  the  Strait  of 
Juan  de  Fuca  and  by  this  with  the  Pacific,  is  an  exceed- 


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2685 


mi 


ingly  important  body  of  water,  affording  Washington  com- 
mercial facilities  which  will  in  time  make  it  a  great  trade 
centre.  N.W.  of  Washington,  and  separated  from  it  by 
British  Columbia,  lies  Alaska,  belonging  to,  though  not 
geographically  a  part  of,  the  United  States.  The  nearest 
point  is  more  than  450  miles,  while  the  nearest  point  of  the 
mainland  (exclusive  of  a  narrow  coastal  strip  in  the  south- 
east) is  twice  that  distance,  from  the  United  States  proper. 
For  the  characteristics  of  Alaska,  see  Alaska. 

Geology,  Flora,  and  Fauna. — In  its  geological  character 
the  entire  territory  of  the  United  States  is  naturally  divided 
into  two  unequal  parts  by  the  main  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  system,  the  one  comprising  the  range  and  ex- 
tending westward  to  the  Pacific,  and  the  other  including 
the  remainder,  from  the  eastern  base  of  the  range  to  the 
Atlantic,  though  there  is  a  perceptible  change  in  the  gen- 
eral character  of  the  latter  along  the  line  of  the  Appalachian 
system,  so  that  the  main  range  and  the  region  eastward  of 
it  might  to  some  extent  be  regarded  as  a  third  division. 
The  valley  of  the  Mississippi  presents  some  features  in  the 
presence  of  certain  formations  and  in  the  distribution  of  its 
several  strata  which  are  somewhat  different  and  distinctive 
from  the  Appalachian  and  Eastern  Coast  region,  though  they 
are  not  so  pronounced  as  to  forbid  the  usual  division  by 
geologists  as  given  above.  The  Rocky  Mountains  are  in- 
cluded in  the  Pacific  Coast  division,  not  arbitrarily,  but 
because  the  more  characteristic  peculiarities  of  the  geology 
of  the  mountain-system  are  found  to  be  influential  in  that 
division  much  more  than  in  the  other.  The  geology  of 
the  United  States  affords  too  extensive  a  subject  for  detailed 
notice,  and  we  enter  into  it  at  suflScient  length  in  articles 
oa  the  several  states  and  territories,  with  but  a  few  general 
notes  here.  The  base  of  the  two  divisions  consists  of  crystal- 
line rocks  of  the  eozoic,  overlaid  in  great  part  by  palaeozoic 
strata,  and  in  both  divisions  these  hold  much  the  same  or- 
ganic forms,  although  very  different  lithologically.  Those  of 
the  W.  are  largely  limestone,  with  an  important  proportion 
of  formations  of  the  Carboniferous  age ;  the  region  abounds 
in  more  recent  rocks  of  the  newer  secondary  and  tertiary 
periods,  with  extensive  deposits  of  coal  and  a  large  variety 
of  remains  of  vertebrates :  there  are  also  indications  of 
volcanic  action,  the  strata  being  faulted,  eroded,  and  broken 
up  to  an  extent  entirely  unknown  E.  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. The  chief  volciinic  indications  are  N.  of  the  39th 
parallel  to  about  the  48th,  and  within  a  narrow  strip  between 
the  121st  and  123d  meridians,  spreading  at  lat.  45i°-48°  N. 
eastward  to  a  little  E.  of  Ion.  117°  W.,  then  following  the 
Blue  Mountains  southward,  in  a  wider  strip,  to  about  lat. 
42°  N.,  with  an  arm  reaching  eastward  to  a  point  at  Ion. 
112°  W.  Besides  this  extended  volcanic  area,  there  are 
some  isolated  localities  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  where 
there  are  similar  disturbances  of  the  strata.  East  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  system  there  are  fewer  signs  of  volcanic 
action,  but  the  tract  is  mostly  occupied  by  a  vast  basin  of 
palaeozoic  rocks,  in  which  are  represented  all  its  great 
classes, — the  Cambrian,  Silurian,  Devonian,  and  Carbon- 
iferous,— locally  distinguished  by  distinctive  organic  re- 
mains, and  accordingly  designated  by  various  sub-names. 
The  palsBozoic  formations  vary  greatly  in  thickness,  from 
about  4000  feet  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  to  an  estimated 
depth  of  40,000  to  both  the  N.  and  the  E.;  in  the  thinner 
parts  many  of  the  important  formations  are  entirely  want- 
ing, and  others  are  sparsely  found.  East  of  the  Alleghanies 
the  strata  are  much  disturbed  by  folds,  with  frequent  ero- 
sions, and  just  beyond  this,  eastward,  is  a  belt  of  crystal- 
line rocks  forming  the  eastern  rim  of  the  basin.  In  the 
northern  parts  of  this  eastern  slope  is  found  a  considerable 
amount  of  the  so-called  Drift  formation  overlying  the 
regular  strata.  The  floor  of  the  Appalachian  Valley  con- 
sists largely  of  folded  palaeozoic  rocks,  and  portions  of  it  are 
found  elsewhere;  but  the  strata  of  the  greater  part  of  the 
basin  ar«  regular  and  almost  uniformly  horizontal.  But 
see  the  articles  on  the  states  and  territories,  the  mountains, 
Ac,  for  the  distinctive  geological  characteristics  of  the 
various  sections  of  the  United  States.  This  portion  of 
North  America  would  appear  to  have  had  in  prehistoric 
times  a  singularly  rich  development  of  mammalian  life. 
The  Edentate  animals,  now  chiefly  found  in  South  America, 
Africa,  and  the  warmer  parts  of  Asia,  have  left  abundant 
relics  of  their  former  life  in  this  country,  which  would 
indeed  appear  to  have  been  once  their  principal  habitat. 
The  interesting  group  of  the  enormous  Amblypod  mammals, 
long  since  extinct,  have  left  in  the  eocene  deposits  rich 
and  instructive  relics  of  their  former  extensive  prevalence. 
The  abundance  of  the  remains  of  fossil  horses  of  various 
ipeci«8,  and  of  other  allied  forms,  has  led  geologists  to 
tae  opinion  that  the  New  World  was  indeed  the  original 


habitat  of  the  horse  family,  although  no  animal  of  that 
family  was  living  on  this  continent  at  the  time  of  ita 
discovery  by  Columbus.  Animals  of  the  camel,  rhinoceros, 
elephant,  and  other  Old-World  families  have  also  left  their 
fossil  remains  in  singular  abundance  in  various  parts  of 
the  country.  Mention  should  be  made  of  the  wonderful 
remains  of  toothed  birds  found  in  the  region  of  the  Great 
Plains,  and  of  the  abundance  of  the  relics  of  tortoises, 
snakes,  and  other  reptilians  in  the  same  regions.  In  some 
places  the  deposits  of  fossilized  relics  of  animal  life, 
chiefly  of  the  bones  and  other  relics  of  extinct  vertebrate 
species,  are  so  abundant  that  their  systematic  conversion 
into  commercial  fertilizers  has  been  seriously  proposed. 
Here  occur  the  bones  of  the  huge  Titanotherium,  a  kind  of 
hornless  rhinoceros;  of  various  swine-like  ruminants;  of 
the  formidable  Hysenodon ;  and  of  the  Drepanodon,  or 
sabre-toothed  tiger.  In  the  rocks  beneath  the  beds  of 
the  tertiary  coals  of  this  region  are  found  countless  im- 
pressions of  the  leaves  of  poplars,  lindens,  and  plane-trees 
of  species  long  since  extinct,  and  of  other  trees  and 
plants  belonging  to  genera  not  now  found  native  to  this 
continent. 

An  interesting  feature  in  the  physical  geography  and 
geology  of  the  western  half  of  the  United  States  is  the 
presence  of  large  tracts  of  what  are  called  Bad  Lands 
by  settlers,  the  Mauvaises  Terres  of  the  French-speaking 
voyageurs,  and  the  mal  pais  of  the  Mexican  frontier. 
These  names  are  applied  locally  to  desert  tracts  of  various 
character,  but  chiefly  to  regions  where  the  surface  if 
covered  with  broken  rock-masses  of  wonderful  variety  of 
form  and  arrangement.  These  regions  are  often  singularly 
rich  in  fossil  remains,  and  in  some  parts  beds  of  good 
tertiary  coal  or  lignite  are  extensively  exposed.  In  others 
the  lignites,  having  been  fired  apparently  as  a  result  of 
spontaneous  combustion,  have  fused  or  otherwise  meta- 
morphosed the  superincumbent  strata.  Mention  should  here 
be  made  of  the  National  Park  in  the  upper  valley  of  the 
Yellowstone  River,  with  its  wonderful  geysers  or  spout- 
ing hot  mineral  springs,  the  most  remarkable  of  their 
class  to  be  found  anywhere ;  of  the  sublime  scenery  of  the 
Yosemite  Valley  of  California ;  and  of  the  Colorado  River 
of  the  West,  with  its  marvellous  canons.  The  lava-fields, 
elsewhere  noticed  in  this  article,  attain  their  widest  and 
most  characteristic  development  in  Southern  and  Eastern 
Oregon,  where  they  form  a  vast  plateau,  rocky  and  terribly 
sterile,  having  few  lakes  and  streams.  The  scanty  vegeta- 
tion serves  to  feed  great  numbers  of  deer,  the  pursuit  of 
which  is  almost  the  only  attraction  the  region  offers  to  man. 

The  irregularity  of  isothermal  lines  in  the  United  States, 
to  be  noticed  below,  not  only  affects  the  health-lines  for 
human  life,  and  in  connection  with  the  various  soils 
makes  it  impossible  to  designate  localities  adapted  to  the 
various  branches  of  agriculture  by  parallels  and  meridians, 
but  also  occasions  a  certain  irregularity  in  the  distribution 
of  indigenous  flora  and  fauna ;  although,  considering  the 
great  area  of  the  country  E.  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the 
comparative  uniformity  of  its  native  fauna  and  flora  la 
remarkable.  Many  of  the  plant-species  of  the  Atlantic 
region  are  remarkable  for  an  extensive  North-and-South 
range,  notwithstanding  diversities  of  climate.  The  Pacific 
slope  has  a  distinctly  characteristic  flora.  That  of  the  E. 
has  many  Eastern  Asiatic  and  some  Western  European 
analogies.  In  general  terms  it  may  be  stated  that  the  flora 
of  the  United  States  comprises  nearly  all  the  orders  and 
species  of  North  America;  and  the  plant- life  of  the  country 
has  been  considerably  enriched  by  the  naturalization  of 
adventitious  species.  Probably  no  other  country  of  the 
temperate  zones  has  a  native  flora  more  rich  and  varied, 
unless  we  except  Eastern  Asia,  where  there  are  many 
errant  species  of  tropical  type.  This  admixture  of  South- 
ern plant-forms  has  been  checked  in  North  America  by 
the  highlands  of  Mexico  and  by  the  great  Southern 
Gulf,  which  have  hindered  the  northward  migration  of 
Southern  types.  It  is  estimated  that,  exclusive  of  the 
lower  cryptogams,  we  have  scarcely  less  than  5000  species. 
California  alone  has  2500,  while  several  single  states 
have  upwards  of  1500.  There  are  more  than  800  species 
of  woody  plants,  of  which  about  one-half  are  recognized 
trees,  and  120  are  of  more  or  less  commercial  importance 
for  manufactures,  <fcc. ;  of  these  about  50  are  coniferas. 
About  a  dozen  of  our  trees  are  remarkable  for  attaining 
huge  proportions,  notable  among  which  are  the  giant 
sequoias,  or  red-woods,  of  California,  which  tower  to  an 
altitude  of  from  300  to  450  feet,  with  a  girth  of  trunk  fully 
in  proportion.  The  flora  of  the  Pacific  slope  includes  trees 
and  plants  of  the  greatest  variety,  from  those  of  tropical  or 
semi-tropical  character  and  habit  to  those  of  the  oold-tem' 


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perate  latitude,  and  among  them  are  a  number  of  species 
and  some  entire  genera  peculiar  to  this  part  of  the  globe : 
its  birches,  buckeje,  buttonwood,  cherry,  chestnut,  maples, 
oaks,  willOwS)  &o.,  are  quite  distinct  species,  and  its  conif- 
erous trees  are  noted  for  a  size  which  makes  them  distin- 
guishable from  those  of  other  regions,  while  the  California 
sequoias,  the  California  laurel,  the  strawberry-tree  (the  ma- 
droflo),  and  the  superb  Menzies  arbutus,  cannot  be  classed 
in  the  genera  met  with  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 
Among  the  smaller  plants  there  are  doubtless  some  species 
that  have  not  yet  been  investigated  and  classified  or 
described  by  botanists,  besides  a  great  variety  which 
have  interested  investigators,  and  not  a  few  which  have 
been  made  to  enrich  the  greenhouses  and  gardens  of  the 
Atlantic  States.  The  flora  of  the  South  Atlantic  region 
includes  species  of  many  Northern  trees,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  distinct  trees,  of  which  the  more  remarkable 
are  the  Osage  orange,  Georgia  bark,  devilwood,  catalpa, 
sorrel,  wild  China,  and  cabbage  palmetto ;  of  the  Southern 
species  one  of  the  most  valuable  is  the  well-known 
live-oak,  prized  for  ship-timber,  and  there  are  numerous 
important  pines  and  some  rarely  beautiful  magnolias.  The 
North  Atlantic  region,  from  Virginia  and  Kentucky  north- 
ward, and  east  of  the  Mississippi,  has  a  great  number  of 
trees  not  uncommon  in  Europe;  but  many  of  its  ashes, 
birches,  elms,  maples,  oaks,  pines,  and  others,  though  of 
the  same  genera  as  trees  of  these  designations  in  Europe, 
are  of  distinct  species,  while  there  are  a  goodly  number  of 
trees  not  found  in  Europe,  as  the  buckeye,  hickories,  lo- 
custs, magnolias,  sassafras,  tulip,  tupelo,  &o.  Among  the 
smaller  flora,  the  bufi°aIo  berry,  laurel  (shrub),  leatherwood, 
pawpaw,  spice-bush,  witch-hazel,  and  some  others  are  dis- 
tinctively American,  and  there  are  many  of  the  more  de- 
sirable plants  of  Europe,  the  azaleas,  blackberries,  dog- 
woods, rhododendrons,  sumachs,  whortleberries,  Ac.  The 
flora  of  Southern  Florida  is  essentially  identical  with  that 
of  the  West  Indies  and  the  northern  portion  of  the  southern 
peninsula ;  but  the  area  of  this  sub-tropical  flora  is  small, 
and  its  productions  are  unimportant,  although  it  is  rather 
rich  in  species.  The  intrusion  of  these  Southern  forms  is 
undoubtedly  recent.  There  are  considerable  tracts  within 
the  Rocky  Mountain  system  where  the  alkaline  nature  of 
the  soil  forbids  the  growth  of  vegetation,  and  here  only  the 
"  sage-bush,"  the  "  greasewood,"  a  few  other  chenopods,  and 
a  few  sedges  and  grasses,  are  found.  But  in  the  vast 
prairies,  where  trees  are  unknown,  except  along  the  mar- 
gins of  the  streams,  the  soil  is  exceedingly  rich  and 
productive  and  the  natural  growth  of  grass  is  luxuriant. 
The  varying  features  of  the  flora  of  the  country  are  believed 
to  be  almost  entirely  due  to  varying  climatic  conditions; 
but  several  species  represent  groups  which  are  elsewhere 
represented  only  by  extinct  and  fossil  species. 

The  forest-regions  of  the  country  comprise  a  northern 
belt  of  pines,  in  which  the  white  pine  {Pinus  Strobns),  one 
of  the  noblest  and  most  valuable  of  American  trees,  has 
naturally  a  very  prominent  place,  as  well  as  the  spruce, 
hemlock,  yellow  cedar,  hackmatack  or  larch,  linden  or 
basswood,  black  and  white  ash,  sugar  and  other  maples, 
besides  birch  and  elm  in  several  species.  Farther  south 
range  the  hickories  and  oaks,  also  the  chestnut,  tulip-tree, 
sassafras,  cherry,  magnolias,  walnut,  red   cedar,  tupelo, 

Eersimmon,  plane,  beech,  catalpa,  and  other  valuable  tim- 
er-trees, some  of  them  found  as  far  south  as  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Characteristic  trees  of  the  Southern  coast-regions 
are  the  long-leaved  pine,  other  species  of  hard  or  pitch 
pine,  live-oak,  palmetto,  and  various  deciduous  trees, 
among  which  may  be  classed  the  valuable  deciduous  cy- 
press (Taxodium).  The  Alleghany  Mountains  are  gener- 
ally covered  with  rich  and  beautiful  forests,  Northern  and 
Southern  types  here  mingling  in  great  profusion.  The 
lower  Mississippi  region  and  the  vicinity  of  the  Red  River 
of  Texas  in  its  lower  course  are  singularly  rich  in  forest- 
species.  The  prairies  east  of  the  Mississippi  are  being 
steadily  encroached  upon  by  a  forest-growth.  The  two  pen- 
insulas of  Michigan  are  grandly  stocked  with  timber,  as 
are  also  the  state  of  Wisconsin  and  the  northeastern  half  of 
Minnesota.  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Arkansas 
are  well  timbered.  But  the  great  plains  east  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  have  naturally  only  a  few  cottonwood- poplars, 
willows,  elms,  box-elders,  and  hackberries,  chiefly  along 
the  streams ;  but  the  planting  of  forests  in  parts  of  this 
region  has  succeeded  greatly  beyond  expectation.  Far  to 
the  south  occur  the  Cross-Timbers,  extensive  ranges  of  low 
oak  forest.  The  tough  and  gnarled  mesquite  is  a  charac- 
teristic tree  throughout  a  large  district  in  Texas.  West 
of  the  Rio  Grande  occur  several  strictly  local  arborescent 
•pcoies.     The  Pacific  forei  t  region  may  be  regarded  as  ex- 


tending eastward  throughout  the  whole  Cordilleran  moun- 
tain-system. Here  the  rainfall,  except  in  a  limited  part 
of  the  ooast-oountry,  is  so  deficient  that  vegetation  of  all 
kinds  has  been  singularly  modified  both  in  the  character 
of  its  growth  and  in  the  species  of  which  it  is  composed. 
Throughout  this  whole  region  the  extreme  scarcity  of 
hard-wood  timber  has  been  and  is  still  seriously  felt  by 
settlers.  From  Puget  Sound  southward  for  many  miles 
along  the  coast  an  abundant  rainfall  has  caused  the  growth 
of  a  marvellously  dense  and  very  lofty  forest,  where,  as  al- 
most everywhere  else  in  this  region,  the  prevailing  growth 
is  made  up  of  coniferous  trees.  The  tallest  masts  and 
finest  spars  known  to  modern  commerce  are  shipped  from 
this  coast.  The  same  forest,  extending  northward  through 
British  Columbia,  is  found  on  the  islands  and  mainland 
of  Southeastern  Alaska,  where  there  is  a  large  amount  of 
timber  of  good  quality.  The  Pacific  coast  afibrds  to  com- 
merce the  highly  valuable  yellow  cedar  and  red-wood,  as 
well  as  great  quantities  of  pine  and  fir  spars  and  lumber. 
The  commercial  supply  of  white  pine  once  came  chiefly  from 
Pennsylvania  and  the  states  to  the  northeastward,  but 
latterly  it  has  been  drawn  from  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and 
Minnesota  also.  Yellow  and  other  hard  pines  are  cut  to  a 
great  extent  in  the  Southern  Atlantic  States,  in  which 
region  they  afford  vast  amounts  of  tar,  turpentine-oil,  rosin, 
and  other  similar  products,  known  collectively  as  "  naval 
stores."  Oak,  hickory,  ash,  elm,  black  walnut,  cherry,  and 
other  valuable  bard  woods  are  cut  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  eastern  half  of  the  country.  Spruce  and  hemlock,  birch, 
beech,  and  maple  are  shipped  chiefly  from  the  northeastern 
section,  but  hemlock  and  beech  abound  in  parts  of  the 
Appalachian  region  far  to  the  southward.  In  many  rural 
districts  the  forests  supply  the  principal  fuel  used.  Peat 
is  also  locally  employed ;  and  in  some  of  the  treeless 
districts  hay,  straw,  and  flax  are  burned  for  domestio 
heating,  several  ingenious  inventions  having  rendered 
such  unpromising  materials  very  useful  for  this  purpose. 
The  stripping  of  the  country  of  its  noble  forests  has  un- 
doubtedly had  an  unfavorable  efi'ect  upon  the  water-supply 
in  some  regions.  Opinions  differ  as  to  the  question  whether 
the  aggregate  rainfall  in  any  one  year  is  influenced  by  ex- 
tensive deforestation,  the  weight  of  scientific  opinion  being 
on  the  negative  side ;  but  there  is  no  reasonable  doubt  that 
a  dense  forest-growth  prolongs  the  storage  of  water  in  the 
earth,  and  thus  tends  to  prevent  river-floods  and  droughts. 

The  fauna  of  the  United  States  is  also  very  comprehen- 
sive, including  many  species  found  in  other  lands,  some 
distinctively  American  species  of  genera  found  elsewhere, 
and  a  few  essentially  American  genera.  Among  the  native 
animals  are  the  bison,  or  buffalo,  now  nearly  extinct,  the 
Rocky  Mountain  sheep,  the  so-called  Rocky  Mountain  goat 
(a  goat-like  antelope),  the  prong-horn  antelope  (the  only 
known  antelope  with  deciduous  and  forked  horns),  the 
moose  or  true  elk,  the  caribou  or  reindeer,  several  other 
species  of  deer,  three  or  four  kinds  of  bear,  the  catamount 
or  puma,  the  ocelot  (in  the  S.W.),  lynxes,  wolves,  and  foxes 
of  several  species,  weasels,  martens,  skunks,  a  true  polecat 
(very  rare),  otters  of  two  distinct  genera,  the  mink,  the 
beaver,  the  muskrat,  the  woodchuck,  the  prairie-dog,  the 
sewellel,  various  species  of  hare,  a  porcupine,  numerous 
squirrels  and  gophers,  the  raccoon,  an  opossum,  an  arma- 
dillo, and  a  large  number  of  destructive  animals  of  the 
rat  and  mouse  family.  Among  birds  are  the  wild  turkey, 
grouse  of  several  kinds,  a  number  of  species  of  the  pigeon 
family,  the  mocking-bird,  the  humming-bird,  a  parrot, 
many  song-thrushes,  and  other  small  birds  in  great  variety, 
besides  many  kinds  of  falcon  and  owl,  also  buzzard- 
vultures,  flamingoes,  geese,  ducks,  swans,  and  other  game- 
birds  and  water-fowl  of  many  species. 

Some  notice  of  a  few  of  the  fishes  of  economic  value 
is  elsewhere  given  in  the  present  article.  Of  shell-fish 
(mollusks)  the  oyster  takes  the  first  rank.  It  is  found 
more  abundantly,  and  taken  more  extensively,  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  Clams  of 
several  genera  and  a  few  other  mollusks  are  also  employed 
as  food.  Among  crustaceans,  the  lobster  easily  occupies 
the  first  place  :  it  is  of  a  species  quite  distinct  from  the  Euro- 
pean kinds.  Crabs  of  various  species,  and  locally  prawns 
and  shrimps,  are  also  taken  as  food-material.  American 
zoology  has  been  investigated  only  to  a  limited  extent,  a 
great  number  of  species,  chiefly  those  of  insects,  crus- 
taceans, and  other  forms  of  invertebrate  animal  life,  being 
almost  unknown,  and  many  more  not  well  known :  hence, 
although  the  task  of  investigation  is  being  rapidly  pushed 
forward,  no  work  has  been  published  as  yet  which  treats 
the  subject  sufficiently  in  detail  to  be  considered  exhaust- 
ive, and  certainly  none  that  is  an  ultimate  authority  in 


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determining  the  aggregate  number  of  genera,  the  totals  of 
the  species  of  the  various  genera,  or  even  the  exact  classi- 
fication of  some  of  the  species ;  but  the  following  have  been 
given  as  the  totals  of  the  several  orders:  mammals,  310; 
birds,  757 ;  reptiles,  257 ;  batrachians,  100 ;  fishes,  817 ; 
dermopterans,  8;  leptocardians,  1, — in  all,  2250  verte- 
brates ;  nearly  1500  moUusks,  of  which  about  400  are  air- 
breathers ;  and  more  than  50,000  species  of  insects. 

Climate,  Bain/all,  dhc,  and  Vital  Statistic*. — In  conse- 
quence  of  the  great  extent  of  its  territory  from  S.  to  N., 
comprising  about  twenty-five  degrees  of  latitude,  the  United 
States  has  a  large  variety  of  climate;  but  a  remarkable 
irregularity  in  the  trend  of  the  isothermal  lines  makes  it 
impossible  to  give  a  general  and  yet  definitive  description 
of  the  climate,  rainfall,  velocity  of  the  winds,  or  health- 
lines  of  the  several  sections  of  the  country  viewed  as  a 
whole.     This  irregularity  is  due  to  various  natural  causes, 
the  direct  influence  of  each  of  which  can  be  understood 
with  some  exactness:  among  the  chief  of  these  are  (1)  the 
two  great  mountain-systems  crossing  the  country  from  S.  to 
N.,  not  in  a  direct  line,  but  diverging  considerably  in  the 
centre  of  their  influence,  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  N.W., 
the  Appalachians  to  the  N.E.,  and  with  numerous  spurs 
and  branching  chains,  especially  in  the  former  system ;  (2) 
only  secondary  to  the  great  mountains  in  their  influence 
upon  the  climate,  rainfall,  winds,  &o.,  are  the  great  lakes, 
with  the  extended  expanse  of  almost  level  country  north- 
ward to  the  Arctic  regions,  affording  ready  passage  to  the 
icy  blasts,  which  are,  however,  frequently  retarded  in  the 
directness  of  their  course  by  the  immense  bodies  of  water 
breaking  the  land  into  islands  and  peninsulas  of  most  un- 
even and  indirect  lines,  while  at  the  S.  is  a  more  direct, 
though  not  so  wide,  entrance  for  southern  winds,  and  in  the 
channel  from  the  lakes  of  the  N.  and  the  gulf  of  the  S. 
extends  the  broad  JVIississippi  Valley,  intersected  by  the 
valleys  of  the  Arkansas  and  Missouri  from  the  W.  and  the 
Ohio  from  the  E.,  spreading  out  on  both  sides  into  vast 
prairies.     The  diflFerence  likewise  in  the  temperature  of  the 
two  oceans — the  mean  temperature  of  the  Pacific,  at  a  depth 
of  30  fathoms,  within  100  miles  of  the  shore,  in  lat.  45°  N., 
being  several  degrees  above  that  of  the  Atlantic  at  the 
same  relative  point — has  unquestionably  an  effect  upon  the 
temperature  of  the  coasts.     With  due  caution  in  under- 
standing the  definition  as  generally  not  exactly  accurate,  it 
may  be  noted  that  the  100th  meridian  is  a  sort  of  dividing 
line  between  two  of  the  climates  of  the  United  States,  or 
between  two  climates  of  the  Atlantic  slope.     East  of  this 
meridian,  the  39th  parallel  has  remained  ever  since  the 
year  1790  the  approximate  centre  of  population,  as  it  is  the 
centre  of  temperature,  which  gets  perceptibly  cooler  to  the 
N.  and  warmer  to  the  S.  from  this  line.     Between  the  100th 
meridian  and  the  mountains  the  mean  temperature  of  44° 
Fahr.  runs  much  farther  N.,  reaching  the  region  of  the 
Upper  Missouri,  while  E.  of  that  meridian  it  lies  at  about 
lat.  39°  or  40°  N.     Indeed,  the  isothermal  of  44°  Fahr.,  in 
crossing  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  inter- 
seots  every  parallel  from  33°  to  45°,  while  W.  of  the  moun- 
tains it  sweeps  northward  so  as  to  include  almost  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  Washington.     It  is,  moreover,  worthy  of  remark 
that  on  the  Pacific  slope  the  changes  of  temperature  are 
much  more  regular  than  E.  of  the  mountains,  and  there  is 
none  of  the  fickleness  or  tendency  to  sudden  rise  or  fall 
which  characterizes  many  localities  on   the  Atlantic,  es- 
pecially in  the  middle  belt  between  the  38th  and  42d  par- 
allels.    In  the  S.  of  California,  and  in  Arizona,  the  ther- 
mometer often  indicates  a  temperature  of  upwards  of  100°, 
but  the  mean  is  only  76°,  while  the  equable  or  nearly  con- 
stant temperature,  with  gradual  rise  and  fall,  makes  the 
heat  tolerable  and  the  climate  healthful.     From  the  mean 
of  76°  at  the  S.,  the  temperature  of  the  Pacific  slope  varies 
to  that  of  44°  at  the  N.     In  the  eastern  or  Atlantic  slope 
the  mean  in  Florida  is  also  about  76°  or  77°,  but  in  the  N. 
it  is  much  lower,  reaching  36°  or  33°.     In  the  South  Atlantic 
States  the  heated  spells  of  summer  are  somewhat  longer 
continued  than  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  but  the  theruiometer 
seldom  rises  above  96°,  while  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  States 
it  often  runs  suddenly  up  to  100°  or  even  above,  and,  stay- 
ing at  that  point  for  comparatively  but  a  few  hours,  at  most 
two  or  three  days,  falls  as  suddenly  to  a  temperate  summer 
heat.     So,  too,  in  the  North  Atlantic  States  the  thermom- 
eter in  winter  occasionally  falls  below  zero,  in  Minnesota  and 
Dakota  actually  down  to  — 40° ;  but  such  extremes  are  not 
frequent,  and  are  usually  reached  so  gradually  as  not  to  be 
felt  so  severely  as  more  moderate  temperatures  in  the  mid- 
dle section,  where  the  mercury  very  rarely  goes  below  zero. 
The  rainfall  is  generally  abundant,  but  not  excessive,  and  is 
as  a  rule  equally  distributed  through  the  year  on  the  At- 


lantic slope ;  on  the  Pacific,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  period- 
ical, with  dry  seasons  and  wet  seasons,  while  within  and 
near  the  Rocky  Mountain  system  irrigation  is  very  gener- 
ally requisite  to  make  agriculture  remunerative. 

Of  the  climate  it  may  be  said  that  extreme  and  sudden 
changes  of  temperature  are  frequent  in  nearly  all  parts  of 
the  country, — less  so,  however,  jn  the  extreme  south  than 
elsewhere  in  general,  while  the  greater  part  of  the  Pacifio 
coast  has  a  singularly  mild  and  equable  climate.  The 
general  government  maintains  a  very  extensive  system  of 
weather-signals  by  telegraph ;  and  its  bulletins,  by  an- 
nouncing probable  changes  of  weather,  have  proved  of 
great  service  to  agriculturists  and  to  commercial  men. 

In  some  localities  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  else- 
where, the  proximity  of  swamps  and  malarial  influences 
promote  certain  classes  of  fevers,  as  the  enteric,  inter- 
mittent, and  remittent,  &o.,  and  disorders  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels ;  in  some  others  the  frequency  of  sudden  changes 
in  temperature  greatly  increases  the  liability  to  pulmonary 
complaints,  consumption,  pneumonia,  and  the  like ;  and  in 
some  localities  the  midsummer  heat  has  too  often  been 
accompanied  by  terrible  visitations  of  yellow  fever  and 
kindred  scourges ;  but,  on  the  whole,  the  vital  statistics  of  the 
United  States  compare  favorably  with  those  of  the  most 
favored  lands,  and  indicate  that  persons  who  can  choose  their 
homes  with  regard  to  the  climate  best  adapted  to  their  tem- 
perament or  constitutional  predilection  have  no  occasion  to 
go  beyond  the  limits  of  this  country.  Census  statistics 
of  births  and  deaths  are  of  little  value  for  purposes  of 
comparison  between  localities  or  between  periods,  because, 
while  some  states  have  and  enforce  strict  registry  laws, 
others  make  no  attempt  in  this  direction,  so  that  the  re- 
turns from  the  former  are  full  and  accurate  and  those 
from  the  latter  meagre  and  unreliable. 

Oovemment. — The  government  of  the  United  States  ia 
democratic,  under  a  constitution  first  adopted  by  the  origi- 
nal thirteen  states  in  the  years  1787-90  (see  table  above), 
and  subsequently  amended  from  time  to  time,  the  last  three 
amendments  (the  13th,  14th,  and  15th)  being  the  outcome 
of  the  late  war,  and  ratified  in  1865, 1866,  and  1870.  Under 
this  constitution  the  people  vest  the  government  in  three 
great  departments, — the  executive,  the  judicial,  and  the 
legislative. 

The  executive  department  comprises  a  president  and  vice- 
president,  elected  every  fourth  year,  beginning  in  1788. 
The  vice-president  has  no  executive  function  or  authority 
except  in  the  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  removal 
by  impeachment  of  the  president,  whom  he  succeeds  for 
the  unexpired  portion  of  the  four  years'  term  in  the  event 
of  a  vacancy  (or  if  the  vacancy  be  temporary  the  vice- 
president  acts  during  its  continuance).  There  have  been 
several  such  instances:  in  1841,  President  Harrison  died, 
and  in  1850,  President  Taylor;  in  1865  President  Lincoln 
was  assassinated ;  and  in  1881  President  Garfield  died  from 
the  effects  of  a  wound  received  at  the  hands  of  a  fanatic. 
In  each  of  these  instances  the  vice-president  succeeded 
to  the  office.  Provision  is  made  for  filling  the  presidential 
chair  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  removal  of 
a  vice-president  who  has  become  president,  or  where  from 
any  cause  there  is  no  vice-president  to  succeed.  During 
the  continuance  of  the  president  in  the  chair  the  vice- 
president  is  merely  the  president  of  the  United  States 
senate.  The  president  is  empowered  by  laws  enacted  by  the 
congress  to  appoint,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  senate,  a 
cabinet  of  acmsers,  who  are  also,  under  the  president, 
heads  of  the  several  executive  departments  created  by  the 
congress  from  time  to  time.  The  cabinet  now  consists  of  a 
secretary  of  state,  a  secretary  of  the  treasury,  a  secretary 
of  war,  a  secretary  of  the  navy,  an  attorney -general,  a  post- 
master-general, a  secretary  of  the  interior,  and  a  secretary 
of  agriculture.  The  president  has  also  the  authority  to 
appoint,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  senate,  such 
subordinate  officials  as  may  be  provided  for  by  law  to  assist 
in  the  administration  of  United  States  laws,  under  the 
several  heads  of  the  departments,  either  at  the  capital  or 
in  the  states  and  territpries.  The  president  has  also  the 
authority  to  approve  or  veto  all  acts  of  the  United  States 
congress ;  and  should  he  veto  an  act  it  requires  a  vote  of 
two-thirds  in  favor  of  it  in  each  house  to  make  it  a  law. 

The  judiciary  of  the  United  States  includes  a  supreme 
court,  a  specific  number  of  circuit  courts,  a  specific  number 
of  district  courts,  and  a  court  of  claims.  The  supreme  court 
consists  of  a  chief  justice  and  eight  associate  justices.  Th« 
supreme  court  convenes  annually  in  the  capital  city.  There 
are  at  present  nine  United  States  judicial  circuits,  consti- 
tuted as  follows :  1.  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
and  Rhode  Island;  2.  Vermont,  Connecticut,  and  New 


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York;  3.  New  Jerseyj  Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware;  4. 
Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and 
South  Carolina ;  5.  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi, 
Louisiana,  and  Texas;  6.  Ohio,  Michigan,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee;  7.  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Wisconsin;  8.  Min- 
nesota, Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Arkansas,  Nebraska,  Colo- 
rado, New  Mexico,  Oklahoma,  Utah,  North  Dakota,  South 
Dakota,  and  Wyoming;  9.  California,  Oregon,  Nevada, 
Alaska,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana,  and  Washington.  The 
chief  justice  and  associate  justices  of  the  supreme  court 
hold  the  circuit  courts,  each  being  assigned  a  circuit ;  there 
is  also  a  circuit  judge  in  each  circuit,  who  sits  with  the 
justice,  or  in  the  absence  of  the  justice  he  may  hold  the 
eoart,  assisted  by  the  district  judge  of  the  district  wherein 
the  court  may  sit.  The  United  States  is  also  divided  into 
67  districts,  each  with  a  district  judge.  The  court  of  claims 
consists  of  a  chief  justice  and  four  associate  justices ;  it  sits 
in  Washington.  All  the  justices  and  judges  of  the  United 
Btates  courts  are  appointed  by  the  president  and  confirmed 
by  the  senate,  and  serve  for  life,  unless  they  resign  or  are 
lawfully  removed.  The  jurisdiction  of  each  of  the  courts 
is  definitely  prescribed  by  the  constitution  and  laws. 

The  legislative  department  of  the  government  embraces 
the  congress  of  the  United  States,  which  consists  of  two 
houses,  eo-ordinate  except  so  far  as  presently  noted.  The 
senate  of  the  United  States  is  composed  of  two  representa- 
tives from  each  state,  elected  by  the  legislature  of  the  same 
for  a  term  of  six  years,  with  the  proviso  that  the  terms 
shall  be  so  arranged  that  one-third  of  the  entire  number 
shall  expire  every  two  years.  Besides  its  ordinary  legisla- 
tive functions,  the  senate  is  constituted  a  sort  of  advisory 
council  to  the  president,  with  authority  to  confirm  or  reject 
any  of  his  lawful  appointees,  and  to  approve  or  annul 
all  treaties  or  any  clause  of  any  treaty  concluded  by  the 
executive  department  with  any  foreign  power ;  the  senate 
is  prohibited  to  originate  any  financial  or  revenue  law  or 
part  of  such  a  law.  The  house  of  representatives  is  com- 
posed of  representatives  directly  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  the  number  being  variable  according  to  such  pro- 
portion of  the  aggregate  population  as  the  congress  may 
determine  after  each  decennial  census  in  accordance  with 
the  constitution.  By  the  apportionment  consequent  upon 
the  census  of  1890  the  number  of  representatives  is  356, 
the  ratio  of  representation  being  1  to  each  174,895  inhabi- 
tants, provided  that  each  state  has  at  least  one  representa- 
tive, and  that  any  new  state  shall  be  given  representation 
in  addition  to  the  366  specified.  The  members  of  the  house 
are  elected  biennially  by  the  people  of  the  districts  respec- 
tively. The  house  has  exclusive  authority  to  originate  all 
financial,  revenue,  and  appropriation  measures,  and  in  all 
eases  of  the  impeachment  of  officers  of  the  United  States 
the  house  is  the  impeaching  body  and  the  senate  sits  as  the 
court  to  try  the  accused :  in  the  case  of  the  president  or 
vice-president,  the  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  pre- 
sides, in  all  other  cases  the  vice-president  or  the  president 
pro  tempore  of  the  senate  presides. 

The  United  States  maintiUns  but  a  small  army  and  navy 
during  times  of  peace,  of  which,  both  in  peace  and  in  war, 
the  president  is  the  constitutional  commander-in-chief. 
The  United  States  military  and  naval  academies  are  among 
the  most  celebrated  schools  of  iheir  respective  classes.  Sev- 
eral of  the  states  have  institutions  where  military  instruction 
is  given  by  regular  army  officers  detailed  for  that  purpose. 
In  case  of  need  the  president  has  power  to  call  out  the 
militia  of  the  several  states,  or  such  a  proportion  of  the 
same  as  he  may  deem  requisite  for  the  exigency.  When 
not  in  active  service,  the  militia  is  sustained  and  controlled 
by  the  states.  The  navy  of  the  United  States,  as  compared 
with  those  of  most  other  influential  nations,  seems  small 
and  by  no  means  formidable ;  but  as  at  present  constituted 
it  might  easily  be  made  the  nucleus  of  a  very  effective 
force.  Large  sums  have  been  expended  in  the  construction 
of  works  for  sea-coast  defence. 

No  general  statistics  of  the  United  States  better  indi- 
cate its  marvellous  growth,  not  only  in  extent  of  territory 
and  population,  but  also  in  business  generally,  and  to  some 
extent  in  intelligence,  than  those  of  the  post-office  depart- 
ment. The  report  of  the  Postmaster-General  shows  that 
there  were  on  June  30,  1891,  64,329  post-offices,  while  the 
revenue  for  the  year  was  $65,931,785.72,  and  the  expendi- 
ture $73,069,519.49.  In  1840  the  total  revenue  was  $4,543,- 
621.92,  and  the  expenditures  were  $4,718,235.64.  The 
returns  of  the  railroad  system  of  the  United  States  are  of 
the  same  interest  and  no  less  remarkable :  the  total  number 
of  miles  of  railroad  in  operation  in  1830  was  22;  in  1840, 
2818;  in  1860,  9021;  in  1860,  30,635;  in  1870,  52,914;  in 
1880,  93,296;  and  in  1890,  166,817  miles. 


Religion,  Education,  dec. — The  statistics  of  the  educa- 
tional, religious,  and  general  moral  progress  of  the  United 
States  are  given  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the  articles 
upon  the  states  and  territories  and  the  counties  and  town- 
ships; but  a  brief  general  statement  is  requisite  here. 

The  church  statistics  in  the  census  of  1890  are  especially 
full,  giving  items  of  interest  concerning  140  denominations, 
besides  many  independent  congregations.  The  experiment 
of  granting  perfect  freedom  of  religious  thought  and  prac- 
tice was  first  tried  in  this  country.  It  was  during  the  early 
colonial  period  that  religious  freedom  was  first  proclaimed ; 
but  it  was  never  formally  established  except  in  a  few  of 
the  colonies.  Even  after  the  Federal  Constitution  was 
adopted  there  were  a  few  states  that  either  retained  a 
slight  connection  between  the  government  and  some  ec- 
clesiastical establishment  (like  Massachusetts),  or,  as  in 
New  Hampshire  and  North  Carolina,  there  was  for  a  time 
a  restriction  as  to  the  rights  of  certain  religious  sects,  or 
rather  a  certain  amount  of  political  disability  placed  upon 
their  members.  At  present  all  law-abiding  citizens,  of 
whatever  religion,  have  everywhere  absolute  equality  be- 
fore the  law. 

One  of  the  most  striking  evidences  of  the  advancement 
of  the  United  States  is  afforded  by  the  largely  increased 
attention  bestowed  upon  the  higher  education  of  women  in 
nearly  all  the  states :  the  right  of  women  to  aspire  to  the 
learned  professions,  and  to  acquire  the  highest  education, 
is  now  almost  universally  conceded,  and  in  several  of  the 
states  there  are  flourishing  classical,  technical,  and  pro- 
fessional institutions  devoted  especially  to  them,  while  in 
some  instances  the  older  colleges  have  thrown  open  their 
doors  to  women. 

The  general  government  has  never  attempted  to  inter- 
fere with  popular  education.  Except  in  the  cases  of  the 
military  and  naval  academies  and  .certain  Indian  and 
territorial  schools,  the  public  schools  are  all  operated  under 
state  laws ;  but  the  United  States  government  has  liber- 
ally assisted  a  class  of  state  technical  colleges  by  large 
grants  of  public  land,  and  great  tracts  of  what  are  called 
school  lands  have  been  granted  to  a  number  of  the  states 
for  educational  purposes.  Owing  to  the  varied  provisions 
of  the  school-laws  in  different  states,  there  is  a  wide  differ- 
ence in  the  efficiency  of  the  public  schools  of  the  various 
sections.  Previous  to  the  war  of  1861-65  the  Southern 
States  for  the  most  part  depended  largely  on  private  and 
proprietary  schools;  but  of  late  there  has  been  certainly 
no  less  enthusiasm  in  those  states  in  the  work  of  extend- 
ing popular  education  than  in  the  other  parts  of  the 
country.  In  only  a  few  states  is  education  really  com- 
pulsory. In  all  the  aim  has  been  to  give  to  the  schools 
of  the  lower  grades  a  high  degree  of  thoroughness.  Pro- 
fessional and  technical  education  is  provided  for,  to  some 
extent,  in  nearly  every  state.  In  n.jst  large  towns  and  in 
thickly-settled  districts  there  are  graded  schools ;  but  in 
thinly-peopled  communities  the  public-school  service  is 
too  generally  exceedingly  inefficient.  In  nearly  every 
state  and  territory  a  number  of  normal-schools  are  main- 
tained, some  of  them  of  high  excellence.  What  are  known 
as  state  universities  have  been  established  in  more  than 
half  the  states,  although  in  only  a  few  are  such  schools  in 
reality  public  institutions.  In  several  instances  the  state 
university  is  in  fact  the  highest  in  grade  of  the  public 
schools.  Many  of  the  states  provide  free  books  and  sta- 
tionery for  all  pupils.  Most  of  the  colleges  and  so-called 
universities  of  the  country  are  quite  unconnected  with 
the  public-school  system ;  and  the  same  thing  is  true  of 
most  of  the  professional  schools  and  many  of  the  institu- 
tions for  secondary  instruction.  The  American  colleges 
generally  provide  excellent  "  humanistic"  training,  and 
they  are,  as  a  rule,  important  as  centres  of  literary  culture, 
but  their  aims  and  results  are,  in  general,  widely  different 
from  those  of  the  great  universities  of  Europe. 

Agriculture,  Manufactures  and  Mining,  Commerce,  dec. — 
A  large  part  of  the  United  States  is  naturally  unrivalled 
for  farming  and  gardening,  and  from  the  earliest  settlement 
of  the  country  agriculture  has  been  the  pursuit  of  a  large 
proportion  of  the  people.  Though  in  some  of  the  older 
states  the  area  occupied  by  agriculture  has  decreased,  the 
products  have  actually  greatly  increased,  partly  in  con- 
sequence of  the  great  increase  in  the  area  brought  under 
cultivation,  but  still  more  because  of  improved  methods 
and  improved  machinery  having  been  devised  and  em- 
ployed. The  marvellous  crops  of  the  Pacific  slope,  from 
California  to  Northern  Washington,  the  plentiful  grain- 
harvests  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley,  and  the  great 
specialties  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  and  of  the  Gulf 
region,  have  made  agriculture  in  itself  an  important  branch 


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of  our  industries ;  but  its  importance  is  greatly  enhanced 
when  it  is  yiewod  as  the  great  feeder  of  our  commerce, 
foreign  no  less  than  domestic.  A  very  large  proportion 
of  the  shipments  from  port  to  port  and  station  to  station 
Trithin  our  own  country,  and  of  the  exports  to  other  lands, 
consists  of  the  products  of  the  farms  and  plantations.  For 
information  as  to  the  products  of  the  several  states  and 
territories,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  articles  under  their 
respective  names. 

The  great  staples  of  American  agriculture  are  the  cereal 
grains,  cotton,  tobacco,  hay,  potatoes,  and  sugar.  Among 
the  cereals,  maize  (corn)  occupies  the  first  place.  Except- 
ing Alaska,  some  districts  along  the  Canadian  frontier, 
and  the  arid  tracts  along  the  Rocky  Mountains,  nearly  all 
the  vast  area  of  the  country  is  admirably  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  maize,  although  throughout  a  considerable  dis- 
trict on  the  Pacific  slope  its  culture  is  not  profitable. 
Wheat-culture  prevails  very  generally  throughout  a  large 
part  of  the  northern  two-thirds  of  the  country,  and  is  an 
industry  of  special  importance  in  the  northern  half  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  and  on  the  Pacific  slope.  The  varieties 
known  collectively  as  spring  wheat  are  the  ones  chiefly 
grown  in  the  more  northerly  parts  of  the  wheat-belt,  the 
winter  wheats  being  more  generally  sown  in  other  sections. 
Rye,  oats,  barley,  and  buckwheat  are  the  other  leading 
cereals,  except  in  some  of  the  Southern  States,  where  rice 
is  produced  extensively.  Third  in  rank,  by  comparison 
with  Indian  corn  and  wheat,  and  taking  the  estimated 
annual  value  of  the  crops  as  the  measure  of  its  importance, 
comes  cotton,  with  its  fibre  and  seed,  of  which  the  latter 
yields  a  valuable  oil,  and  also  a  meal  valued  alike  as  a 
fertilizer  and  as  a  food  for  cattle.  The  hay-crop,  however, 
often  considerably  exceeds  in  value  that  of  cotton,  and  its 
relative  importance  is  steadily  increasing.  In  many  of 
the  States  the  hay-crop  takes  the  first  place;  and  in  the 
South,  which  formerly  purchased  great  quantities  of  hay 
from  the  North,  hay-  and  forage-crops  are  now  very  largely 
produced.  Potatoes  and  most  other  root-crops  are  culti- 
vated more  in  the  Northern  than  in  the  Southern  States, 
but  yams  and  sweet  potatoes  are  chiefly  produced  in  the 
South.  Tobacco  is  grown  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in 
most  of  the  states.  Sugar  from  the  true  sugar-cane  is  pro- 
duced only  in  limited  areas  of  the  Gulf  States ;  maple 
sugar  is  manufactured  chiefly  in  the  North.  Sorghum, 
chiefly  used  in  the  manufacture  of  molasses  or  syrup,  is 
very  extensively  grown,  mostly  in  the  Mississippi  Valley. 
Fruit-culture  is  a  very  important  interest.  The  produc- 
tion of  tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruits  is  confined  to 
the  warmest  parts  of  the  country.  Dairy- products  are 
very  largely  marketed,  and  are  chiefly  the  product  of  the 
more  densely  peopled  parts  of  the  Northern  States.  Cattle- 
breeding  is  carried  on  extensively,  and  especially  in  the 
thinly-settled  areas,  where  wool-growing  is  almost  the  only 
rival  employment.  In  almost  every  part  of  the  country 
attention  is  given  to  sheep-raising.  The  hog-products  of 
the  country  come  largely  from  the  Mississippi  Valley, 
Horses  and  mules  are  bred  in  great  numbers  in  Kentucky. 
Missouri,  and  the  adjoining  states.  Bee-culture  receives 
special  attention  on  the  Pacific  slope ;  elsewhere  it  is  not 
a  prominent  interest,  though  in  all  sections  its  aggregate 
value  is  considerable.  Hops,  broom-corn,  pulse,  market- 
garden  products,  poultry  and  eggs,  flax,  flaxseed,  and 
hemp  are  among,  the  other  important  agricultural  produc- 
tions. Market-gardening  has  of  late  made  great  progress 
in  the  Southern  Atlantic  States. 

There  are  still  large  bodies  of  fine  agricultural  lands 
awaiting  settlement,  though  the  greater  part  of  the  public 
lands  now  open  for  occupation  are  either  inarable  or 
better  adapted  for  grazing  than  for  tillage.  Large 
tracts  of  the  best  undeveloped  lands  are  either  held  by 
lailway-corporations,  which  obtained  them  chiefly  by 
grants  from  the  general  government,  or  are  in  the  hands 
of  private  capitalists  and  speculators  who  have  acquired 
them  by  purchase.  Considerable  areas  of  these  lands  are 
held  by  non-resident  aliens.  Great  tracts  of  low  and 
marshy  land,  chiefly  along  the  courses  of  the  Mississippi 
and  its  larger  tributaries,  and  in  certain  regions  near  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  are  capable  of  easy  drainage. 
Extensive  works  for  the  drainage  of  a  part  of  the  low- 
lands of  Florida  have  been  undertaken  by  private  enter- 
prise. Along  the  course  of  the  lower  Mississippi  a  system 
of  levees  limits  the  overflow  of  the  rich  agricultural  lands 
of  that  section.  These  works  are  maintained  at  public 
cost. 

The  mining  intere»t»  of  the  country  are  large  and  varied. 
Coal  is  wrought  extensively  in  the  Appalachian  region, 
the  principal  fields  lying  upon  the  western  slope  of  the 


range.  To  the  northeastward  the  coal  is  anthracite,  else- 
where it  is  chiefly  bituminous.  Most  of  the  states  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  afford  more  or  less  coal.  The  coals  of 
the  Rooky  Mountain  region  and  of  the  Pacific  slope  are 
classed  as  lignites ;  but  many  of  them  are  of  a  high  grade 
in  point  of  economic  value.  Petroleum  is  obtained  chiefly 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  more  or  less  largely  in  New  York, 
Ohio,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky,  California,  and  elsewhere. 
The  petroleum  of  Pennsylvania  in  quantity  and  quality  is 
of  the  first  importance.  Salt-wells  exist  throughout  the 
petroleum-regions,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 
Those  of  New  York,  Michigan,  Ohio,  West  Virginia,  Vir- 
ginia, and  Kentucky  are  highly  productive.  Rock-salt 
is  mined  in  Louisiana,  and  exists  in  vast  bodies  in  New 
York  and  especially  in  Nevada.  Natural  gas,  valued 
chiefly  as  a  fuel,  is  a  highly  important  factor  in  some  of  the 
largest  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country.  Iron-ore 
is  found  and  wrought  in  nearly  all  the  states.  The  iron 
deposits  of  Northern  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
Missouri,  Tennessee,  and  Alabama  are  of  great  extent  and 
value.  Gold  and  silver  are  obtained  at  various  points 
along  the  Appalachians,  but  chiefly  in  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region  and  on  the  Pacific  slope.  For  many  years  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  world's  supply  of  the  precious 
metals  has  come  from  the  United  States.  It  is  also  the 
largest  producer  of  copper  in  the  world,  the  supply  coming 
mainly  from  Montana  and  Michigan.  Lead  comes  chiefly 
from  Colorado,  but  also  from  Missouri,  Idaho,  Utah,  and 
Montana.  The  supply  of  zinc  is  furnished  by  Missouri, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Kansas,  Wisconsin,  Virginia, 
and  Tennessee.  California  afi"ords  much  mercury.  Build- 
ing-stones of  many  grades  and  kinds,  also  limestone,  slate, 
and  marble  are  wrought  in  many  parts  of  the  country. 
Phosphatic  rock,  highly  valued  as  a  material  for  the  manu- 
facture of  fertilizers,  is  found  in  the  sea-board  region  of 
the  Carolinas  and  in  Florida. 

The  manufacturing  interests  of  the  United  States  are 
of  extremely  varied  character,  and  are  carried  on  upon  an 
exceedingly  large  scale.  The  cotton-manufactures  take 
a  high  rank  in  extent  and  importance.  They  have  long 
been  a  leading  interest  in  the  northeastern  section  of 
the  country,  and  in  recent  years  they  have  also  been  car- 
ried on  extensively  in  the  cotton-growing  states,  where 
the  low  cost  of  freights,  the  cheapness  of  living,  the  low 
rates  of  wages,  and  the  abundance  and  permanency  of  the 
water-power  have  largely  extended  this  branch  of  industry. 
The  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel,  and  of  articles  made 
therefrom,  is  also  a  great  and  growing  interest.  Prior  to 
the  war  of  1861-65  there  was  very  little  industry  of  this 
kind  in  the  Southern  States,  in  which  agriculture  was 
almost  the  only  profitable  employment;  but  the  opening 
of  mines  of  coal  and  iron  and  the  erection  of  iron-works 
have  latterly  been  undertaken  there  upon  a  very  large 
scale.  The  upper  or  northern  part  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley  is  another  region  where  iron-mining  and  smelting 
are  now  largely  carried  on.  Woollen- manufactures  also 
constitute  an  industry  of  very  great  commercial  impor- 
tance. Though  established  very  early  in  the  colonial  times 
as  a  domestic  occupation,  it  was  only  within  the  present 
century  that  woollen-manufactures  came  to  occupy  a  com- 
manding position  as  a  branch  of  manufacturing  industry. 
Of  late  years  the  number  of  woollen-factories  of  various 
descriptions  has  not  only  increased  very  much,  but  there 
has  been  a  remarkable  increase  in  the  size  and  output  of 
very  many  single  establishments  of  this  class,  some  of 
which  now  rank  among  the  largest  in  the  world.  The 
gfeat  forests  of  the  country  supply  vast  amounts  of  timber 
and  other  forest-products,  and  the  business  of  sawing 
lumber  and  manufacturing  wooden-wares  is  in  many  places 
an  important  source  of  wealth.  The  tanning  and  finish- 
ing of  leather  and  the  manufacture  of  shoes,  saddlery, 
harnesses,  and  leather  goods,  are  extensively  carried  on. 
The  silk-manufacture  is  also  extensive  and  important;  but 
the  raw  material  is  chiefly  imported,  for  the  rearing  of  the 
silk-worm  has  thus  far  been  4lmost  an  unremuneratire 
occupation,  owing  chiefly  to  the  relatively  high  rates  of 
wages.  Glass-wares  are  very  extensively  manufactured, 
and  pottery,  much  of  it  of  high  excellence,  is  of  late 
turned  out  in  large  amounts.  The  wide-spread  preva- 
lence of  beds  of  fictile  and  fire  clays,  of  many  grades  and 
qualities,  promises  much  for  the  future  of  the  ceramic 
industries.  Chemical-works  are  profitably  conducted  on  a 
large  scale  in  many  sections ;  but  the  low  wages  and  high 
skill  of  German,  British,  and  French  manufacturers  have 
made  it  more  profitable  to  import  chemicals  of  certain 
classes,  even  with  the  present  high  tariff  rates,  than  to 
manufacture  them  here.      The  manufacture  of  flour  and 


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the  oollateral  mill-products  is  an  important  pursuit.  This 
industry  formerly  had  its  principal  seat  in  the  Atlantic 
States,  Wilmington,  Del.,  Rochester,  N.Y.,  and  Richmond, 
Ya.,  long  having  a  special  pre-eminence  in  this  line.  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  afterwards  acquired  a  high  fame  for  its  ex- 
cellent flour.  Latterly  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  has  come  to 
the  front  as  a  place  for  flour-manufactures.  Of  late  various 
new  processes  for  the  reduction  of  wheat  to  flour  have 
very  generally  superseded  the  old  methods,  one  of  the  good 
results  of  which  has  been  to  give  a  relatively  high  value 
to  certain  grades  of  grain  formerly  considered  inferior. 
The  tobacco  manufacture  is  principally  located  in  the 
eastern  half  of  a  central  zone  or  belt  of  the  country  pass- 
ing from  east  to  west.  Fire-arms  and  ammunition  are 
manufactured  in  this  country  upon  a  large  scale,  and  the 
out-turn  is  generally  of  excellent  quality.  Sewing- 
machines,  originally  invented  in  the  United  States,  are 
still  produced  here  more  largely  and  of  better  quality 
than  elsewhere.  American  locomotives  and  railway-cars 
«.ro  largely  exported,  and  are  highly  esteemed  in  those 
countries  to  which  they  are  shipped.  Clocks  have  long 
been  a  specialty  with  American  manufacturers;  and  in 
later  years  watches  are  also  manufactured  upon  a  large 
scale,  and,  considering  the  ordinary  prices  of  American 
timekeepers,  their  excellence  is  surprising.  Agricultural 
implements  are  here  turned  out  on  a  very  large  scale ;  and 
their  superiority  in  point  of  style,  lightness,  durability, 
and  finish  is  unquestioned.  An  interesting  feature  in 
American  manufactures  is  the  very  considerable  extent  of 
the  use  of  water-power  as  a  motive  agent.  The  rivers  of 
the  Atlantic  slope  of  the  Appalachian  region,  above  their 
navigable  sections,  for  the  most  part  abound  in  falls  and 
rapids  at  which  water-power  is  obtainable  at  moderate  cost. 
In  no  part  of  the  world  is  water-power  so  available  and 
abundant  as  in  the  Eastern  United  States.  The  compara- 
tively equal  distribution  of  the  rainfall  throughout  the 
year  favors  the  utilization  of  water-power;  and  in  many 
sections  there  have  been  established  costly  and  extensive 
storage-systems  by  which  a  part  of  the  surplus  waters  of 
freshets  is  impounded  and  stored  against  seasons  of  drought. 
This  system,  originally  introduced  in  the  lake-districts  of 
the  New  England  States,  has  latterly  been  applied  with 
great  advantage  to  the  head-streams  of  the  Mississippi,  in 
which  case  not  only  is  the  great  water-power  of  the  Falls 
of  St.  Anthony  much  improved,  but  the  navigation  of  the 
river  below  that  point  is  facilitated  during  low  stages  of 
water.  In  1880  nearly  36  per  cent,  of  the  total  power 
used  for  manufacturing  purposes  was  water-power.  As  yet, 
however,  only  a  very  small  fraction  of  the  available  power 
from  this  source  is  utilized.  In  most  large  establishments 
using  water-power  steam  affords  a  subsidiary  power.  The 
largest  cities  of  the  country,  like  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
and  Brooklyn,  have  latterly  taken  on  the  character  of  great 
manufacturing  centres.  In  some  of  the  sections  which  have 
a  reliable  supply  of  natural  gas  available  for  fuel  purposes, 
manufacturing  interests  have  latterly  received  a  strong  de- 
velopment ;  but  the  question  of  the  probable  permanency  of 
the  gas-supply  is  still  debated.  Ship-building,  formerly 
an  interest  of  the  first  importance,  has  declined  with  the 
decline  of  foreign  commerce.  The  New  England  States 
still  construct  many  wooden  vessels,  chiefly  adapted  for 
the  coastwise  trade,  and  at  several  places  on  the  Delaware 
(Chester,  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  Camden)  iron  ships 
are  built.  The  transatlantic  trade  of  the  country  is  now 
principally  carried  on  under  foreign  flags,  though  quite  a 
large  number  of  the  ships  employed  are  owned  wholly  or 
partly  in  the  United  States.  By  far  the  most  important 
article  of  export  from  the  country  is  cotton.  Meat  and 
provisions,  wheat,  petroleum,  flour,  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
timber,  iron  and  steel,  cattle,  sugar,  leather  and  leather 
goods,  oil-cake,  copper,  crude  oils,  chemicals,  fish,  naval 
stores,  machinery,  and  coal  are  the  other  leading  articles 
of  export.  The  imports  are  in  most  years  considerably 
lower  in  aggregate  value  than  the  exports.  The  princi- 
pal articles  imported  are  sugar  and  molasses,  wool  and 
woollen  goods,  chemicals,  coffee,  iron  and  steel,  flax, 
hemp  and  jute,  raw  and  manufactured,  cotton  goods 
of  certain  grades,  hides,  skins,  furs,  silk,  raw  and  manu- 
factured, fruits,  tea,  wood  and  timber,  leather,  tobacco, 
india-rubber,  paper  and  books,  jewelry,  precious  stones, 
live-stock,  wines,  pottery  and  glass-wares.  There  is  a 
large  duty,  partly  for  revenue  and  partly  for  protection, 
levied  upon  imported  goods  of  nearly  every  class ; 
and  these  customs  duties,  with  the  taxes  on  tobacco  and 
spirits,  yield  the  principal  revenue  of  the  general  govern- 
ment. State  and  local  revenues  are  mainly  derived  from 
taxation,  the  internal  trade  of  the  country  being  entirely 


free  from  any  restriction  of  the  kind.  State  and  local 
taxation  is  principally  levied  on  real  and  personal  estate 
and  on  polls.  Personal  income  taxes  were  never  popular  in 
the  country,  although  they  were  for  c  time  levied. 

The  statistics  of  the  various  manufacturing  industries 
in  the  reports  of  the  eleventh  census  are  at  this  writing 
very  incomplete,  and  it  is  impossible  to  give  any  satis- 
factory figures  concerning  the  recent  industrial  develop- 
ments. It  is  safe,  however,  to  say  that  in  every  section  of 
the  country  manufacturing  industries  have  been  steadily 
growing.  In  fact,  they  are  acquiring  relatively  greater 
importance  as  compared  with  the  agricultural  interests. 
Some  industries,  while  increasing  in  the  aggregate,  have 
diminished  in  certain  localities.  There  has  been,  for  ex- 
ample, a  remarkable  growth  in  the  manufacture  of  iron 
and  steel,  but  the  product  comes  mainly  from  such  sections 
as  Pennsylvania  and  Alabama,  where  both  the  iron  ore  and 
the  coal  are  readily  accessible,  whereas,  in  New  England 
this  industry  has  been  practically  abandoned.  For  a  simi- 
lar reason  an  increase  of  cotton-mills  is  observable  in  the 
South.  A  tendency  towards  the  concentration  of  manufac- 
tories in  the  vicinity  of  great  centres  is  also  noticeable. 

During  the  late  war  the  American  merchant  marine, 
especially  in  the  foreign  trade,  was  almost  obliterated,  and 
for  some  years  afterwards  scarcely  any  effort  was  made 
towards  repairing  the  great  damage,  either  in  the  purchase 
or  in  the  building  of  vessels;  but  a  marked  change  has 
begun,  and  the  later  statistics  of  the  principal  ports  show 
that  the  number  of  vessels  carrying  the  American  flag 
abroad  has  considerably  increased. 

The  rivers  of  the  United  States  afford  a  great  aggregate 
of  navigable  inland  waters.  Although  this  was  the  first 
country  in  the  world  to  adopt  internal  steam-navigation, 
of  late  the  relative  importance  of  this  means  of  transpor- 
tation hoM  swiftly  declined,  owing  to  the  vast  extension  of 
the  railway-system.  In  railway-mileage  the  United  States 
easily  takes  the  first  rank  among  the  nations.  Transpor- 
tation by  canals,  which  forms  such  an  important  feature 
in  the  inland  commerce  of  some  other  countries,  has  never 
assumed  great  importance  in  the  United  States,  and  in 
fact  many  of  the  canals  which  have  been  constructed  have 
latterly  been  abandoned.  The  principal  one  at  present 
operated  is  the  Erie  Canal,  extending  from  Buffalo  on 
Lake  Erie  to  the  Hudson  River  at  Albany.  This  canal  has 
been  an  important  factor  in  establishing  the  commercial 
supremacy  of  New  York.  Almost  every  place  of  any  size 
in  the  country  is  reached  by  telegraph-lines  ;  and  the  tele- 
phone-system is  more  extensively  developed  than  in  any 
other  country  in  the  world. 

The^«/terte«  of  the  United  States  are  largely  carried  en 
upon  the  Newfoundland  and  Labrador  coasts,  and  near  the 
shores  of  the  eastern  provinces  of  Canada.  There  is  also  a 
large  and  growing  fishery  on  the  Alaskan  shores,  and  the 
waters  of  that  region  are  thought  to  be  more  rich  in  fish 
than  those  of  any  other  part  of  the  world.  Local  fisheries 
are  carried  on  upon  all  the  sea-coasts.  The  fisheries  of  the 
great  lakes  are  also  highly  important.  Salmon  is  exten- 
sively taken  in  many  of  the  streams  of  the  Pacific  slope ; 
the  shad  and  alewife  are  important  anadromous  fishes  of 
the  rivers  of  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  menhaden-fisheries 
afford  much  oil  and  fish-guano.  The  whale-fishery,  in 
which  American  enterprise  formerly  took  the  first  place, 
is  now  comparatively  unimportant.  The  fur-seal  and  sea- 
otter  are  largely  captured  for  their  valuable  furs,  chiefly 
in  the  waters  of  Alaska.  Belkofsky,  in  Alaska,  is  the 
chief  seat  of  the  sea-otter  fishery,  and  the  Pribylov  Islands, 
in  Behring's  Sea,  of  the  fur-seal  business.  Seal  furs  of 
excellent  quality,  but  of  another  species,  are  also  collected, 
principally  by  American  seamen,  in  the  remote  and  for- 
bidding regions  of  the  Antarctic  Ocean. 

Finances,  Public  Debt,  Wealth,  &c. — The  public  debt  was 
largely  built  up  in  meeting  the  expenses  of  the  late  war, 
but  since  its  close  the  government  has  sought  steadily  to 
reduce  it  as  rapidly  as  was  consistent  with  the  welfare  of 
the  country,  and  its  success  has  been  almost  marvellous. 

Prior  to  1862  the  paper  money  used  in  this  country  con- 
sisted of  notes  issued  by  state  banks  throughout  the  land  ; 
these  notes  differed  very  greatly  in  value  as  a  purchasing 
and  circulating  medium,  their  value  depending  upon  the 
nature  of  the  banking  and  bank-note  laws  of  the  various 
states  wherein  the  banks  were,  the  standing  and  general  re- 
pute of  the  individual  banks,  and  numerous  other  con- 
ditions or  circumstances.  On  June  30, 1860,  the  entire  vol- 
ume oi  paper  money  in  the  United  States  was  $207,102,477, 
the  actual  value  of  which  no  one  could  possibly  compute. 
In  1862  the  United  States  congress  authorized  the  issut 
of  demand  notes  and  legal-tender  notes,  and  $53,040,000  of 


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the  one  and  $96,620,000  of  the  other  olass  were  then  issued. 
In  1863  the  impolicy  of  keeping  in  circulation  demand  notes 
having  become  evident,  they  were  recalled,  and  an  increased 
number  of  legal-tenders  was  issued,  so  that  on  the  30th  of 
June  there  were  $3,351,019  in  demand  and  $297,767,114 
in  legal-tender  notes  in  circulation,  besides  $238,677,218 
in  state-bank  notes.  It  was  now  deemed  expedient  to 
create  a  system  of  national  banks,  and  to  strengthen  them 
laws  were  enacted  imposing  a  tax  upon  state-bank  circu- 
lation which  was  so  heavy  as  to  be  practically  prohibitory. 
On  June  30,  1864,  the  aggregate  value  of  the  paper  cur- 
rency was  $833,718,984,  made  up  of  $179,157,717  state 
and  $31,235,270  nat'ional-bank  notes,  $780,999  demand 
and  $431,178,670  legal-tender  notes,  $22,894,877  United 
States  fractional  currency,  and  the  rest,  $168,471,450,  con- 
sisted of  certain  experimental  issues  called  "  one-  and  two- 
year  notes"  and  "  compound-interest  notes."  This  was  the 
dark  year  of  the  war,  when  the  purchasing  power  of  the 
government  paper  fell  to  a  little  more  than  one-third  of 
its  face  value.  The  number  of  state-bank  notes  grew  less 
very  rapidly,  and  the  number  of  national-bank  notes  in- 
creased still  more  rapidly.  The  close  of  the  war  gave  the 
government  and  national-bank  notes  an  upward  tendency 
iu  value,  and  the  ability  and  willingness  of  the  United 
States  to  pay  its  obligations  by  the  resumption  of  specie 
payments  brought  the  paper  up  to  par  on  the  1st  of 
January,  1879.  The  Resumption  Act  which  went  into 
operation  at  that  date  was  not,  however,  the  effective 
cause  of  the  resumption.  Several  months  before  that  date 
the  paper  currency  of  the  country  was  practically  ex- 
changeable, dollar  for  dollar,  with  gold  coin.  Thus  the 
resumption  of  specie  payments  was  largely  a  result  of 
commercial  causes.  In  1873  the  congress  of  the  United 
States,  following  the  example  of  most  of  the  leading  com- 
mercial countries  of  Europe,  passed  a  law  for  the  demoneti- 
zation of  silver.  The  Silver  Bill  of  1878,  however,  per- 
mitted the  coinage  of  silver  at  the  rate  of  $2,000,000  per 
month  on  government  account.  Since  the  United  States 
have  for  many  years  furnished  annually  more  than  half 
the  silver  mined  in  the  world,  the  capitalists  interested  in 
the  mining  of  silver  have  naturally  desired  to  make  a 
better  home  market  for  their  product;  and  their  positicn. 
has  been  strengthened  by  the  prevalent  belief  that  the 
world's  production  of  gold,  taking  one  year  with  another, 
is  so  uncertain  and  variable  that  gold,  as  a  single  com- 
mercial standard,  must  of  necessity  be  subject  to  great 
actual  changes  of  value,  which  must  tend  to  unsettle 
prices.  The  great  excess  of  receipts  over  expenses  has 
led  to  a  large  accumulation  of  specie  in  the  United  States 
Treasury.  The  great  practical  convenience  of  a  paper 
currency  has  induced  the  issue  of  gold  and  silver  treasury- 
notes,  convertible  at  any  time  into  specie,  consequent  upon 
which  there  has  been  a  small  reduction  in  the  volume  of  the 
so-called  "  green-back"  currency  and  a  large  retirement  of 
the  notes  issued  by  the  national  banks.  The  vastly-in- 
creased use  of  bank-checks  in  business  has  in  some  measure 
served  as  a  practical  expansion  of  the  circulating  medium. 

Hittory. — The  earliest  settled  portion  of  the  present  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States  was  Florida,  about  the  year 
1565 ;  but  as  this  state  was  not  acquired  until  1819,  and 
was,  moreover,  not  an  English  settlement,  it  is  usual  to 
date  the  commencement  of  the  settlement  of  the  colonies 
which  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  present  confederation  from 
the  settlement  of  Jamestown,  in  Virginia,  in  1607.  The 
order  of  the  settlement  of  the  other  original  states  {i.e., 
states  of  the  Revolution)  was  New  York,  by  the  Dutch, 
at  Fort  Orange  (now  Albany),  in  1614 ;  Massachusetts,  at 
Plymouth,  in  1620  ;  New  Hampshire  and  Maine,  in  1623  ; 
New  Jersey,  about  1624;  Delaware,  about  1627  ;  Connecti- 
cut, in  1633;  Maryland,  in  1634^-35;  Rhode  Island,  in 
1636;  North  Carolina  (permanently),  between  1640  and 
1650;  South  Carolina,  about  1670;  Pennsylvania,  in  1682; 
and  Georgia,  in  1733.  These  were  all  English  settlements 
(with  admixtures  from  Germany,  Ireland,  and  Scotland), 
except  New  Jersey  and  Delaware;  the  former  having 
been  settled  by  Dutch,  Swedes,  and  English,  and  the  latter 
by  Swedes. 

The  first  contest  in  which  the  colonies  unitedly  and  gen- 
erally took  part  was  the  Old  French  and  Indian  War,  con- 
cluded by  the  Peace  of  Paris  in  1763;  the  interval  between 
which  and  the  skirmish  at  Lexington,  April  19,  1775  (the 
actual  commencement  of  the  Revolution),  was  little  else 
than  a  contest  with  the  mother  country  concerning  disputed 
rights.  The  battle  of  Lexington  taught  the  British  that 
it  was  no  mere  sedition  they  had  attempted  to  put  down, 
but  that  they  had  to  contend  with  men  animated  by  a 
firm  purpose;   and  in  July,  1776,  the  great  event  took 


plaoe  which  changed  the  entire  character  of  the  war  by 
placing  the  colonies  before  the  world  as  a  self-declared 
nation, — the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  adopted  by 
the  congress  in  session  in  Philadelphia,  and  warmly  en- 
dorsed and  sustained  by  the  people.  From  this  time  on 
the  war  was  waged  with  renewed  earnestness,  and  with 
a  fixed  determination  on  the  part  of  the  Americans  to 
achieve  the  independence  that  had  been  declared.  After 
many  reverses  and  long  periods  of  adversity,  the  British 
government  acknowledged  the  independence  of  the  Amer- 
ican Republic,  the  treaty  being  concluded  in  1783. 

The  government  that  carried  the  nation  through  the  try- 
ing scenes  of  the  Revolution  was  a  simple  confederation  of 
states,  represented  by  members  elected  by  the  legislature 
of  each  of  the  13  separate  sovereignties.  This  depended 
for  its  effectiveness  on  the  willing  obedience  of  the  great 
mass  of  the  population.  This  government  endured  from 
1777  to  1787,  when  a  convention  of  delegates,  representing 
all  the  states,  framed  the  present  constitution,  which  went 
into  operation  March  4,  1789,  by  the  inauguration  of 
Washington  as  president.  An  experience  of  more  than 
ninety  years  under  this  constitution  has  more  than  justified 
the  favorable  predictions  of  its  most  zealous  supporters. 

The  disturbed  state  of  Europe,  consequent  upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  French  Revolution,  acted  favorably  for 
the  development  of  the  resources  of  the  United  States, 
exhausted  oy  a  long  war,  as  it  created  a  market  for  her 
agricultural  products  and  gave  her  a  large  portion  of  the 
carrying-trade  of  the  world. 

The  nation  steadily  prospered,  growing  in  area  by  the 
peaceful  acquisition,  by  purchase  from  France  in  1803,  of 
the  territory  of  Louisiana,  embracing  the  extended  dis- 
trict of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  and  a  broad  strip  west 
of  the  river,  and  sixteen  years  later  of  Florida,  by  cession 
of  Spain,  but  growing  more  remarkably  in  population,  in 
consequence  of  a  large  and  constant  stream  of  immigra- 
tion augmenting  very  greatly  the  natural  increase  among 
a  vigorous,  healthy,  and  prosperous  people.  The  growth  in 
material  wealth  was  no  less  rapid,  as  agriculture,  manu- 
factures, and  mining  were  energetically  and  intelligently 
prosecuted  and  developed  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Meanwhile  new  states  wwe  admitted  (see  dates,  kc.,  in 
table  of  areas  above),  some  the  outgrowth  of  the  older  ones, 
others  the  result  of  the  rapid  settlement  of  the  western 
wilds. 

In  1812-14  occurred  the  second  war  with  Gr^at  Britun, 
which  ended  in  a  peace  ratified  February,  1815.  With 
this  exception,  and  the  exception  of  the  repeated  Indian 
wars  that  have  from  its  earliest  days  been  necessarily 
fought  by  the  United  States,  this  country  had  a  peaceful 
career  until  1846,  when  the  war  with  Mexico  broke  out,  in 
consequence  of  the  admission  of  Texas  (which  see)  to  the 
Union.  This  war  ended  in  1848,  Mexico  ceding  to  the  United 
States  a  considerable  tract  of  her  domains  (see  California 
and  Nkw  Mexico).  The  discovery  of  gold  in  this  new  ter- 
ritory led  to  an  immense  influx  of  immigrants,  not  only 
from  the  older  states  but  from  all  parts  of  the  civilized 
world,  and  California  rapidly  grew  into  an  important  state. 
Peace  again  prevailed  until  1861,  when  the  civil  war  broke 
out,  which  continued  for  four  years,  from  the  12th  of 
April,  1861,  when  the  first  gun  was  fired,  in  the  bombard- 
ment of  Fort  Sumter,  until  the  9th  of  April,  1865,  when 
the  war  was  practically  ended  by  the  surrender  of  General 
Lee  at  Appomattox  Court-House.  Five  days  later  the  re- 
joicHng  of  the  nation  was  turned  to  mourning  by  the  assas- 
sination of  President  Lincoln,  whose  virtues  had  endeared 
him  to  nearly  all  classes  and  compelled  the  respect  of  those 
who,  for  the  time  being,  were  foes  to  his  cause.  Andrew 
Johnson,  the  vice-president,  succeeded  under  the  constitu- 
tion, and,  notwithstanding  the  disturbed  condition  of  the 
country,  the  orderly  administration  of  the  government  was 
not  interrupted,  thus  vindicating  in  the  most  emphatic 
manner  the  perfection  of  the  national  constitution  and 
demonstrating  the  patriotism  of  the  American  people. 

The  war  was  no  sooner  ended  than  measures  were  de- 
vised and  put  in  course  of  operation  for  the  return  of  the 
lately  seceded  states  to  their  proper  status  in  the  Union. 
These  measures  have  so  signally  succeeded  that  the  Union 
^s  to-day  stronger  than  ever,  and  a  stranger  visiting  the 
American  Republic  would  scarcely  realize  that  so  great  an 
internecine  war  had  raged  within  so  recent  a  time.  The 
system  of  slavery  which  prevailed  in  a  part  of  the  country 
before  tho  war  has  ceased,  and  with  it  has  ended  much  of 
the  sectional  feeling  which  had  before  embittered  the  poli> 
tics  of  the  country. 

United  States  of  Colombia.     See  Coloubia  (La 

REFt^BLICA  SB  CoLOHBIA). 


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1*^111118)  yu-nish'e-^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudon  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Holston  or  Tennessee  River,  about  22  miles  below 
Enoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Unity^  yu'n^-te,  a  township  and  station  of  Alexander 
eo.,  III.,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  570. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Piatt  co..  111.     Pop.  934. 

Unity,  a  hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  near  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Jlapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Codar  Rapids. 

Unity,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  oo.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles 
W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Unity,  a  plantation  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.     Pop.  68. 

Unity,  a  post-village  in  Unity  township,  Waldo  oo., 
Me.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.W.  of  Belfast,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch, 
ploughs,  <ko.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Unity,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  about  28 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  several 
stores,  and  other  business  concerns. 

Unity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.,  7  or  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Memphis. 

Unity,  a  post-hamlet  in  Unity  township,  Sullivan  co., 
N.H.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Claremont,  and  40  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  844. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  893. 

Unity,  a  village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Oliver  township, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Winchester.     Post-office,  Wheat  Ridge. 

Unity,  a  post-hamlet  in  Unity  township,  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  and  is  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  New 
Castle,  Pa.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  the 
village  of  New  Waterford,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  3860. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.     Pop.  3624. 
It  contains  Beatty,  Pleasant  Unity,  and  Youngstown. 
>;  Unity,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.     Pop.  239. 
"  Unity,  a  post-village  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.,   on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stevens 
Point. 

Unityville,  yu'n^-te-vll,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2 
churches. 

University  at  Lewisbnrg.    See  Lewisboro. 

University  of  Alabama.    See  Tuscaloosa. 

University  of  California.     See  Berkeley. 

University  of  Chicago.     See  Chicago. 

University  of  Cincinnati.    See  Cincinnati. 

University  of  Des  Moines.    See  Des  Moines. 

University  of  Georgia.    See  Athens. 

University  of  Michigan.    See  Ann  Arbor. 

University  of  Minnesota.    See  Minneapolis. 

University  of  Mississippi.    See  Oxford. 

University  of  Missouri.    See  Columbia. 

University  of  Nebraska.    See  Lincoln. 

University  of  New  York,    See  New  York  Citt. 

University  of  North  Carolina.  See  Chapel  Hill. 

University  of  Notre  Dame.     See  Notre  Daue. 

University  of  Oregon.     See  Eugene  Citt. 

University  of  Pennsylvania.    See  Philadelphia. 

University  of  Rochester.     See  Rochester. 

University  of  Saint  Mary.     See  Galveston. 

University  of  South  Carolina.     See  Columbia. 

University  of  the  Pacific.     See  Santa  Clara. 

University  of  the  South.    See  Sewanee. 

University  of  Vermont.     See  Burlington. 

University  of  Virginia,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle 
CO.,  Ya.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Charlottesville.  Here  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, which  was  founded  in  1825,  and  which  has  20  in- 
structors and  an  attendance  of  about  400  students. 

University  of  Wisconsin.    See  Madison. 

University  of  Wooster,  Ohio.    See  Wooster. 

University  Station,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N.AY.  of 
llaleigh. 

Unkiar-Skelessi,  6Sn'ke-aR  ski-les'see,  (i.e.,  "land- 
ing-pla<:e  of  the  emperor"),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Bosporus,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Constantinople.     It  has  a  large 

Eaper-faetory,  but  is  chiefly  known  for  the  treaty  signed 
ere  in  1833  between  Russia  and  Turkey. 
Unna,  55n'n&,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  IS 
miles  N.W.  of  Arnsberg.     It  has  manufactures  of  cottons, 
and  extensive  salt-works,  and  was  one  of  the  Hanse  towns. 
Pop.  7323. 

Unna,  S3n'ni,  a  river  of  Bosnia,  after  a  tortuous  N. 
Murse  of  110  miles,  joins  the  Save  65  miles  S.E.  of  Agram. 


Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Unnatz,  on  which  is  the  village  of 
Unnatz. 

Unruhstadt,  oSn'roo-stitt^  (Polish,  Karge,  kaR'gh^h), 
a  town  of  Prussia,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  2843. 

Unsha,  a  town  and  river  of  Russia.    See  Oonzha. 

Unsingis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Hunse. 

Unst,  ilnst,  one  of  the  most  N.  of  the  Shetland  Islands, 
Scotland,  separated  from  Yell  on  the  S.W.  by  Blomol 
Sound,  1  mile  across.  Length,  11  miles;  breadth,  3^  miles. 
Area,  36  square  miles.  Pop.  2780.  Unst  has  a  village  on 
Uyea  Sound,  at  its  S.  side.  It  contains  some  country  man- 
sions, and  is  skirted  all  round  by  Scandinavian  towers. 

Unstrnt,  66n'str66t,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony,  after 
an  E.  course  of  110  miles,  joins  the  Saxon  Saale  near  Nanm- 
burg.     Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Wipper  and  Helme. 

Unter,  oSn't^r,  a  German  word,  signifying  "lower," 
prefixed  to  numerous  names  in  Central  Europe.  For  those 
not  undermentioned,  see  additional  name. 

Unter  Branna,  Bohemia.    Sec  Hennersdorf. 

Unter  Diirnten,  Switzerland.     See  DtJRNTEM. 

Unter-Habrowa,  Bohemia.     See  Habrowa. 

Untermetzenseifen.     See  Als6-Metzenzbf. 

Untermiinsterthal,  SSn't^r-miin'st^r-t&r,  a  village 
of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1771. 

Unter>See,  66n't§r-8i\  the  W.  and  detached  portion 
of  the  Lake  of  Constance,  between  Baden  and  Switzerland. 
Length,  10  miles. 

Unterseen,  Sdn't^r-s&'^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  in  the  Interlachen  Valley, 
between  Lakes  Thun  and  Brienz.     Pop.  1880. 

UntertiirkheimjSSnH^r-tiiRk'hime,  a  village  of  Wilr- 
temberg,  S.E.  of  Cannstadt,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
railway,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  2949. 

Un'terwaPden  (Ger.  pron.  ddnH^r-Ml'd^n),  Upper 
and  Lower,  two  contiguous  cantons  of  Switzerland,  in  its 
centre,  having  N.  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  United  area,  263 
square  miles.  Pop.  of  Upper  Unterwalden,  15,009;  of 
Lower  Unterwalden,  11,993.  It  consists  of  4  valleys,  in 
which  pasturage  and  dairy  husbandry  are  the  chief  em- 
ployments. Com  is  imported  from  Lucerne;  cheese,  tim- 
ber, and  fuel  are  the  principal  exports.  It  formed,  with 
Uri  and  Schwytz,  early  in  the  thirteenth  century,  the 
nucleus  of  the  Swiss  Confederation.  After  Sarnen,  the 
principal  villages  are  Engelberg  and  Stanz. 

Unverre,  iiN»VaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bure-et- 
Loir,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Chateaudun.     P.  of  commune,  2294. 

Unyeh,  Unieh,  or  Eunieh,  yoo'ne-§h  or  yoo-nee'?h, 
a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Black  Sea,  50  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Samsoon.     Near  it  are  iron-mines. 

Upa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oopa. 

Up^adrang',  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Khatmandoo. 

Up'arah,  a  fishing  village  of  India,  on  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Vizagapatam. 

Upatoi,  or  Upatoie,  yu-pa-toy',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Upatoi  (or  Upatoy)  Creek,  Georgia,  forms  the 
S.E.  boundary  of  Muscogee  co.,  and  enters  the  Chattahoo- 
chee River  about  8  miles  below  Columbus. 

Up'degraflPs,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  co.,  0. 

Upernavik,  oo'p§r-ni*vik,  the  northernmost  Danish 
settlement  in  Greenland.     Lat.  72°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  W. 

Upha,  a  town  and  river  of  Russia.     See  OoPA. 

Upham,  iip'am,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co..  Wis. 

Upham,  up'am,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 15  miles  from  Hampton,  and  25  miles  from  St.  John. 
It  contains  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  200. 

Upham  Vale,  New  Brunswick.     See  Hammond  Valb. 

Up'hill,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on  Head 
River,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coboconk.  It  contains  a  church, 
a  store,  a  hotel,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Up'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road  which  connects  Logansport  with  Union  City,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Upland,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa. 

Upland,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Upland,  a  post-borough  in  Chester  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.,  near  Chester  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Chester,  and 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  3  cotton- 
factories,  2  churches,  and  the  Crozer  Theological  Seminary 
(Baptist).     Pop.  in  1880,  2028 ;  in  1890,  2276. 

ifpland,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Upoln,  oo'po-loo',  or  O^ahtooak',  one  of  the  Samoan 
Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  14°  2'  S.;  Ion.  171°  2J'  W. 


UPP 


2693 


DPP 


Area,  60  square  miles.  Pop.  16,568.  The  population  are 
Christians.  It  aflFords  a  plentiful  supply  of  fruits  and 
vegetables. 

Up'per,  a  township  of  Cape  May  oo.,  N.J.     Pop.  1483. 

Upper,  a  township  of  Chowan  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1176. 

Upper,  a  township  of  Lawrence  oo.,  0.     Pop.  2146. 

Upper  Al'len,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1341. 

Upper  Al'Ioway's  Creek,  a  township  of  Salem  oo., 
N.J.     Pop.  3062. 

Upper  Alps,  France.    See  Hautbs-Alpes. 

Upper  Alton,  all'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  li  miles  N.B.  of 
Alton.  It  is  the  seat  of  ShurtleflF  College  (Baptist),  organ- 
ized in  1832,  and  haa  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  drain- 
tile,  roofing-tile,  and  salamander-ware.  Upper  Alton  is 
connected  with  St.  Louis  by  the  Jacksonville,  Terre  Haute 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Rockford,  Rook  Island  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Upper  Am^monoo'suc,  a  small  river  of  Coos  oo., 
N.H.,  enters  the  Connecticut  River  at  Northumberland. 

Upper  Aquebogue,  ak'kwe-b5g,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Riverhead  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Long  Island 
Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Riverhead,  and  1  mile  from  Peconic 
Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Upper  Asto'ria,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon. 

Upper  Augus'ta,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  1246. 

Upper  Aus'tria,  a  crown-land  of  Austria-Hungary, 
forming  with  Lower  Austria  the  so-called  archduchy  of 
Austria.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Bohemia,  E.  by  Lower 
Austria,  S.E.  by  Styria,  S.W.  by  Salzburg,  and  W.  and  N.W. 
by  Bavaria.     Area,  4633  sq.  m.     Pop.  (1890)  785,831. 

Upper  Avon,  England.    See  Avou. 

Upper  Bann,  Ireland.     See  Bann. 

Upper  Bart'lett,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  72  miles  N.W.  of  Port- 
land, Me. 

Upper  Bed'ford,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co., 
Quebec,  on  Pike  River,  2i  miles  from  Stanbridge.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  8  stores,  3  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  scythe-factory,  a  sewing-machine-fac- 
tory, a  tannery,  2  sash-  and  blind-factories,  a  carriage-shop, 
3  harness-shops,  and  an  organ-factory.     Pop.  1000, 

Upper  Bern,  a  post-oflBce  in  Upper  Bern  township, 
Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading.  The 
township  is  bounded  E.  by  Schuylkill  River.     Pop.  2008. 

Upper  Black  £d'dy,  a  post-village  in  Nockamixon 
township,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  i  mile 
from  Milford,  N.J.,  and  about  13  miles  below  Easton. 

Upper  (or  New)  Califor'nia  (Sp.  Aha  California, 
il'ti  ki-le-foR'ne-4,  or  Nueva  (nwi'vi)  California),  the 
name  formerly  applied  to  the  Spanish  province  or  territory 
lying  immediately  N.  of  Lower  or  Old  California.  From  it 
have  been  formed  Nevada  and  the  whole  of  the  present  state 
of  California.  It  also  included  portions  of  the  present  ter- 
ritories of  Utah  and  Arizona.     See  California. 

Upper  Ca^nard',  a  village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Canard  River,  4  miles  from  Kentville.  It  contains  2 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Upper  Caraquette,  k&Vi^kfit',  a  post-office  in  Glou- 
cester CO.,  New  Brunswick,  42^  miles  from  Bathurst.  See 
Caraquette. 

Upper  Cheat,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Upper  Chich'ester,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1437. 

tipper  Clear  Lake,  Lake  co.,  CaL    See  Upper  Lake. 

Upper  Clinch,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 

Upperco,  up^per-koo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Westminster. 

Upper  Creek,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.  P.  1736. 

Upper  Creek,  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Railroad.     Here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Upper  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co., 
Md.,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

Upper  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co..  Me. 

Upper  Dar'by,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
Is  contiguous  to  West  Philadelphia,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad.  Its  surface  is 
pleasantly  diversified.  It  contains  Kellysville,  Garrettford, 
and  Clifton.     Pop.  in  1880,  4699  ;  in  1890,  4773. 

Upper  Hub'lin,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  Jar- 
rettown  and  Three  Tuns,  and  Ambler  Station  of  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.     Pop.  1588. 

Upper  Dyke  Vill'age,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo., 
Nova  Sootia,  5i  miles  from  Kentville.    Pop.  140. 


Upper  Econ'omy,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Cobequid  Bay,  21i  miles  from  Londonderry. 
It  contains  3  stores,  and  mills  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  425. 

Upper  Fair'field,  a  township  of  Lycoming  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  770. 

tipper  Fair'mount,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  oo.,  Md. 

Upper  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
near  Gunpowder  River,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Upper  Falls,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.    See  Alexandria. 

Upper  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Black  River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cavendish,  and  36  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Upper  Falls  of  Coal,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Coal  River,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Upper  Fish'ing  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe 
CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  2064. 

Upper  Fork,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.     P.  594. 

Upper  Free'hold,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  3640. 

Upper  French'ville,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me. 

Upper  Frome,  England.    See  Froue. 

Upper  Gage'town,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  8  miles  above  Gagetown. 
It  contains  2  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  saw-mills.     P.  200 

Upper  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Upper  Glogau,  Prussia.     See  Little  Glogait. 

Upper  Gloucester,  glSs't^r,  a  post-hamlet  in  New 
Gloucester  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  26  miles  N.  of 
Portland,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It 
has  2  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill. 

Upper  Grand  Valley  Butte,  bate,  Colorado,  a 
mountain  in  lat.  40°  21'  23"  N.,  Ion.  105°  65'  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  12,513  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Upper  Green  River,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.T., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Chatham  Village.     It  has  2  churches. 

Upper  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Mason  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Upper  Hack'ensack,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey 
&  New  York  Railroad,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  15  miles  from 
New  York,  on  the  river  Hackensack. 

Upper  Hamburg,  New  Jersey.  See  Habdtstontille. 

Upper  Hamp'stead,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  40 
miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  160. 

Upper  Han'over,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2197. 

Upper  Hili'ville,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  75 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Upper  Hollow,  or  Normansville,  a  hamlet  of 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  W.  of  Albany.   It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Upper  Hom'iny,  a  township  of  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1323. 

Upper  I'owa  River  rises  in  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  and 
flows  along  the  N.  boundary  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.  It  next 
runs  southeastward  to  Decorah,  below  which  its  direction 
is  nearly  northeastward.  It  intersects  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  N.E.  corner  of 
Iowa,  after  a  course  of  nearly  150  miles.  It  flows  in  a 
narrow,  winding,  picturesque  valley  bordered  by  limestone 
bluffs,  which  in  some  places  are  nearly  400  feet  high. 

Upper  Jay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  township,  Essex  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  haa  a 
church. 

Upper  Keechi  Creek,  Texas.    See  Keec9i. 

Upper  Keswick,  kez'wik,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  28  miles 
from  Fredericton.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  150. 

tipper  La  Have,  l&^h&v',  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  9  miles  from  Lu- 
nenburg.    It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  3  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Upper  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  at  the 
N.  end  of  Clear  Lake,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Petaluma.  It 
is  surrounded  by  fertile  valleys  and  beautiful  mountains. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Upper  Lea'cock,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1961. 

tipper  Le'high,  a  post-village  in  Foster  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  is 
on  the  Nescopeo  Branch  of  the  Lehigh  <t  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  which  connects  it  with  Whitehaven.  It  has  4 
churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Upper  Lisle,  Ul,  a  post-village  in  Triangle  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Otselio  River,  about  24  miles  a. 
of  Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  247. 


UPP 


2694 


DPS 


Upper  Little  River,  a  township  of  Hamett  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1221, 

Upper  Loire,  France.    See  Haute-Loibe. 

Upper  Loutre,  loo'tf  r,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co., 
Mo.     Pop,  2458. 

Upper  Maco'pin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaio  oo.,  N.J., 

2  miles  from  Charlotteburg. 

Upper  Macnn'gie,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  3061.     It  contains  Fogelsville. 

Upper  Mad^awas'lca,  a  post-ofl5oe  of  Aroostook  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  river  St.  John,  8  miles  above  Madawaska. 

Upper  Ma^hanoy',  a  township  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  878. 

Upper  Ma^han'tango,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  761. 

Upper  Make'field,  township,  Bucks  co..  Pa.   P.  1505. 

Uppermark,  oop'p^r-mark*,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  government  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Dinkel.  P.  1100. 

Upper  Marl'borough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Prince 
George's  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Potomac  Railroad,  3  miles  from  steamboat  naviga- 
tion, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis,  and  17  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Washington,  D.C.    It  has  2  newspaper  oflSces,  an  academy, 

3  churches,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  492. 

Upper  MatUole',  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 

Upper  Mau'gerville,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  oo.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  8  miles  below 
Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Upper  Mer'ion,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  3870.     It  contains  Port  Kennedy  and  Swedesburg. 

UpperMicl'dletowii,apo3t-hamletof  Fayette  CO.,  Pa., 
on  Redstone  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Brownsville. 

Upper  Mii'ford,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2015.     It  contains  Shimersville,  Zionsville,  and  Vera  Cruz. 

Upper  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  Croix,  7  miles  from  St.  Stephen. 
It  contains  2  stores  and  several  large  saw-mills.  Pop.  200. 
See  Second  Falls. 

Upper  Mimbres,  meem'brfis  (or  Membris,  mfim'- 
breess),  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  25  miles 
from  Silver  City.  Here  are  reduction-works  for  silver  and 
copper  ores,  which  are  brought  from  Georgetown  and  Santa 
Rita  districts. 

Upper  Mont^clair',  a  post- village  and  station  of  Essex 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  5i 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark.  It  is  on  the  E.  slope  of  Orange 
Mountain,  is  a  part  of  Montclair,  and  contains  many  fine 
residences. 

Upper  Mount  Beth'el,  a  township  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  3764.     It  contains  Portland  and  Slateford. 

Upper  Naz'areth,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  740. 

Upper  Neguac,  neg^oo^ak',  a  post- village  in  Northum- 
berland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  branch  of  the  Neguac, 
28  miles  from  Chatham.    Pop.  200. 

Upper  New  Hor'ton,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  2J  miles  from 
Uarvey,  and  46  miles  from  Salisbury.     Pop.  100. 

Upper  Ocho'co,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Upper  Ox'ford,  township,  Chester  co..  Pa.     P.  1079. 

Upper  Palatinate,  Bavaria.    See  Oberpfalz. 

Upper  Pax'ton,  township,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.     P.  1371- 

Upper  Penn's  Neck,  a  township  of  Salem  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  3178.     It  contains  Penn's  Grove. 

Upper  Pigeon,  pij'iin,  a  township  of  Haywood  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  1066. 

Upper  Pitts'grove,  a  township  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J. 
Pop.  2087. 

Upper  Prov'idence,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  Its  S.  bor- 
der is  contiguous  to  Media.  Pop.  758.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad. 

Upper  Queens'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  31^  miles  from  Fredericton.  It  contains  2 
stores  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Upper  Raw'don,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  17  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  300. 

Upper  Red  Hook,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Red  Hook  township,  li  miles  from  Spring  Lake 
Station,  and  about  16  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  206. 

Upper  Sack'ville,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  4  miles  from  Sackville.     Pop.  250. 

Upper  Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  in  Upper  St.  Clair 
township,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.  The  township  contains  Bridgeville,  and  is  in- 
.ersected  by  the  Chartiers  Railroad.     Pop.  810. 


Upper  Sal'ford,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop. 1705. 

Upper  Sandns'ky,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wyandot 
CO.,  0.,  in  Crane  township,  on  Sandusky  River,  and  on  the 
I'ittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Columbus  <k  Toledo  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Bucyrus, 
43  miles  E.  of  Lima,  and  60  miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  con- 
tains 8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  nnion  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  3 
carriage-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1870,  2564;  in  1890,  3752. 

Upper  Sar'anac  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  in  the  Adirondack  Wilderness,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
An  Sable  Station.     Here  is  a  hotel  on  a  fine  lake. 

Upper  Sau'con,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
3487.     It  contains  Friedensville  and  Lanark. 

Upper  Sheffield,  or  Taylortown,  a  post- village 
in  Sunbury  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  22 
miles  above  Gagetown.     Pop.  150. 

Upper  Small  Point,  a  village  on  the  N.  shore  of 
Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10^  miles  from  Carbonear. 

Upper  Stewiacke,  a  post-office  in  Colchester  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Truro.     Pop.  250. 

Upper  Still'water,  a  post-village  in  Oldtown  town- 
ship, Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  or  near  the  Penobscot  River, 
10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor,  and  2i  miles  N.W.  of  Orono. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  barrels. 

Upper  Stras'burg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Letterkeny  township,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cham- 
bersburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Upper  Swata'ra,  a  township  of  Dauphin  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1991. 

tipper  Tar'ryall  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
39°  18'  45"  N.,  Ion.  105°  36'  27"  W.,  and  11,650  feet  high. 

Upper  Three  Creek,  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  flows 
S.W.  into  the  Savannah  River. 

Upper  Towamen'aing,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  913. 

Upper  Town  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  1092. 

Upper  Tract,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  12  miles  N.  of 
Franklin. 

Upper  Trappe,  trap,  a  hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md., 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Salisbury,  and  2i  miles  W.  of  Eden 
Station  of  the  Eastern  Shore  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  2 
stores,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Upper  Tule  Lake,  California.     See  Kern  Lake. 

Upper  TuPpehock'en,  a  township  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1196. 

Upper  Tur'keyfoot,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa 
Pop.  1011. 

tipper  Ty'gart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Tygart  Creek,  20  miles  W.  of  Grayson.     It  has  a  church. 

Upper  Uwchlan,  yook'l^n,  a  township  of  Chester  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  781. 

Up'perville,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Smyrna  township,  3  miles  from  Smyrna. 

Upperville,  a  post- village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  130  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  422. 

Upper  ^FVind'sor,  township,  York  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2024. 

Upper  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  2J  miles  from 
Woodstock.  It  contains  several  stores  and  extensive  iron- 
works.    Pop.  400. 

Up'pingham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Rutland,  12 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Stamford.  Pop.  2464.  It  has  a  noted 
grammar-school. 

Upsal,  up'sal,  or  Upsala,  up-si'll,  alsen  or  province 
of  Sweden,  having  N.E.  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  S.  the 
Lake  of  MsBlar.  Area,  2053  square  miles.  Pop.  107,121. 
It  extends  from  Lake  Mselar,  in  the  S.,  to  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia,  and  its  centre  is  traversed  by  the  river  Sala.  It 
contains  the  iron-mines  of  Dannemora,  and  important 
smelting-works.     Principal  towns,  Upsal  and  Enkjoping. 

Upsal,  a  city  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a  Isen,  on  the  Sala, 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  20,202.  It  is  one  of 
the  finest  old-fashioned  cities  in  Europe.  Principal  edi- 
fices, governor's  palace,  buildings  of  the  university,  and  a 
venerable  cathedral,  in  which  the  Swedish  kings  used  to  be 
crowned,  and  in  which  are  many  tombs,  including  those 
of  Gustavus  Vasa  and  Linnaeus.  The  university,  founded 
in  1478,  has  a  library  of  150,000  volumes  and  numerous 
ancient  manuscripts,  a  botanic  garden,  observatory,  and 
good  museums.  Upsal  has  also  an  ecclesiastical  cchool, 
cosmographic  and  other  learned  societies,  manufactures  of 


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tilk  and  tobacco,  and  a  small  trade  by  the  river,  on  which 
it  has  steam  communication  with  Stockholm.  It  is  the  see 
of  an  archbishop,  the  primate  of  Sweden. 

Upsala,  Gamla,  g&m'l&  iip-8&'l&,  or  Old  Upsala* 
a  town  of  Sweden,  about  3  miles  N.  of  the  present  Upsal. 
It  was  in  ancient  times  a  residence  of  the  Swedish  kings, 
but  is  now  a  small  village.  The  church  was  built  out  of 
the  ruins  of  old  heathen  temples,  and  its  tower  formed 
part  of  the  temple  of  Odin. 

Up'salquitch)  a  post-settlement  in  Gloucester  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Upsalquitch  River,  13 
miles  from  Campbellton.     Pop.  100. 

Upshire^  up'ahir,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
parish  of  WaUham,'l2  miles  N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  800. 

Up'shnr^  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  Big  Cypress  Bayou,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Sabine  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber,  pine,  oak,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a  division 
of  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  system ;  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad  also  touches  its  southern  border.  Area, 
520  square  miles.  Capital,  Gilmer.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,039; 
in  1880,  10,266;  in  1890,  12,695. 

Upshnr^  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Buckhannon  River  and  the  head-streams  of  the  Mo- 
nongahela  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Buckhannon. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8023;  in  1880,  10,249;  in  1890,  12,714. 

Upshur,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  is  at  New  Hope 
Station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad. 

Up'son,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  pnrt  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Upson  County 
Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Thom- 
aston.  Pop.  in  1870,  9430;  in  1880,  12,400;  in  1890, 
12,188. 

Upson,  a  station  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  A  San 
Antonio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Upson,  a  post-office  of  Maverick  co.,  Tex. 

Up'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Great  Bend,  and  about  9  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Montrose.     It  has  a  church. 

Up^tergrove',  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  2i 
miles  from  Atherley.     It  contains  4  stores.     Pop.  185. 

Up'ton,  a  station  in  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A 
Southeastern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Upton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Branch  of  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  A 
Southwestern  Railroad,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bloom- 
field.     It  has  a  church. 

Upton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Upton  township,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  about  48  miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  and  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Umbagog  Lake.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  starch.     Pop.  of  the  township,  187. 

Upton,  or  Upton  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Upton 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of 
Worcester,  and  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  straw  goods.  The  town- 
ship contains  also  West  Upton,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2125. 

Upton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  near  the 
Muskegon  River,  22  miles  N.  of  Farwell. 

Upton,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  642. 

Upton,  a  station  in  Delaware  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Upton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  in  Peters 
township,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Upton,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Ephreh  d'Upton. 

Up'ton-upon-Sev'ern,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and 
9  miles  S.  of  Worcester,  on  the  Severn.     P.  of  parish,  2664. 

Up'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  at  Upton  Station,  59  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ur,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala. 

Ur  of  the  Chaldees.    See  Oorfa. 

Urach,  oo'ris,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the  Erms, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3380.  It  has  a  castle 
and  a  theological  seminary,  is  a  depot  for  linen  goods,  and 
has  bleaching-  and  dyeing-establishments  and  gunpowder- 
and  paper-mills. 


Urak,  a  river  of  Bulgaria.     See  ViD. 

Ural,  yoo'ral,  Oural,  oo-ril',  Yaik,  or  Jaik,  ylk 

(ano.  Rhymnus  f),  a  large  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  Ural 
Mountains,  in  the  N.  of  the  government  of  Orenboorg,  near 
lat.  55°  N.,  flows  S.  past  Verkhnee-Ooralsk  to  Orsk,  then 
W.  through  an  opening  in  the  Ural  chain  to  Orenboorg, 
where  it  turns  S.W.,  and  then  S.,  retaining  the  latter  direc- 
tion till  it  reaches  the  N.  shore  of  the  Caspian,  which  it 
enters  by  several  mouths,  the  largest  passing  close  to  Goo- 
riev.  Its  whole  length  is  estimated  at  1000  miles.  Its 
principal  affluents  are,  on  the  right,  the  Kizil,  Tanalik, 
and  Sakmara,  and,  on  the  left,  the  Sunduk,  Or,  Ilek,  and 
Gratchi.  In  the  upper  part  of  its  course  it  flows  along  a 
channel  bristling  with  steep  and  lofty  rocks;  its  lower 
portion  is  through  extensive  steppes  and  saline  marshes. 
It  abounds  with  fish,  particularly  towards  its  mouth, 
where  the  Ural  Cossacks  have  extensive  fisheries.  Its 
delta,  already  extensive,  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  several 
of  its  branches,  once  navigable,  are  now  nearly  dry. 

Ural  (or  Oural)  Mountains,  a  great  mountain-sys- 
tem of  the  Russian  Empire,  forming  a  vast  undulating 
region,  consisting  of  various  round-backed,  plateau-shaped 
masses  of  land,  mostly  of  small  elevation.  Its  central  ridge 
is  considered  as  separating  Europe  from  Asia,  about  Ion. 
60°  E. ;  it  divides  the  governments  of  Vologda  and  Arch- 
angel from  Tobolsk,  covering  with  its  ramifications  portions 
of  the  governments  of  Perm  and  Orenboorg,  and  separating 
the  basins  of  the  Volga  and  Obi  in  the  middle  and  S.  The 
Urals  extend,  in  a  limited  sense,  from  the  Arctic  Ocean 
in  the  N.  to  Orenboorg  in  the  S.,  through  18  degrees  of 
latitude,  but,  considered  a«  traversing  the  islands  of  Nova 
Zembla  and  terminating  in  the  high  grounds  between  the 
Aral  and  Caspian  Seas,  they  cover  an  extent  of  30  degrees 
of  latitude.  The  Obdorsk  Mountains  leave  the  middle 
chain  in  lat.  62°  N.,  and  trend  N.N.W.  500  miles  to  the 
promontory  of  Kamen  Nos.  The  chief  part  of  this  chain 
is  called  the  Timan  Mountains.  The  highest  points  are 
Konjakofski-Kamen,  lat.  59°  45'  N.,  Ion.  59°  20'  E.,  5397 
feet :  Obdorsk  Mountain,  lat.  67°  N.,  5286  feet ;  Taganai, 
lat.  55°  20'  N.,  3592  feet;  and  Iremel,  lat.  54°  30'  N.,  5075 
feet.  In  lat.  65°  N.,  a  contrefort  stretches  N.N.E.  and  joins 
the  Obdorsk  Mountains  and  the  promontory  which  sepa- 
rates the  Gulfs  of  Obi  and  Kara.     Highest  point,  5286  feet. 

The  W.  flank  of  the  Ural  chain  is  approached  across  a 
low  undulating  region.  The  crest  of  the  chain  consists 
chiefly  of  chloritic,  quartzose,  and  metamorphic  rocks,  suc- 
ceeded towards  the  E.  by  rooks  of  igneous  origin.  In  these 
igneous  rocks,  and  the  metamorphic  strata  in  contact  with 
them,  occur  mines  of  gold,  platinum,  copper,  and  magnetic 
iron,  for  which  the  chain  is  renowned.  The  characteristic 
tree  of  the  chain  is  the  Pinua  cemhra,  accompanied  in  the 
North  Ural  by  firs  and  birch  only,  but  in  the  S.  by  numer- 
ous trees  of  warmer  latitudes.  In  the  S.  also  are  many 
broad  valleys  of  remarkable  fertility,  with  occasional  belts 
of  deep  black  loam.  The  Petohora,  Kama,  Oofa,  Ural,  and 
numerous  other  rivers  rise  in  the  chain. 

Uralsk,  a  government  of  Russia.     See  Ookalsk. 

Uralsk  Yerkhnii,  Russia.     See  Verkhnee  Ooralsk 

Urania,  yu-ra'ne-a,  a  post-office  of  Waahtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Toledo  A  Ann  Arbor  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles 
S.  of  Ann  Arbor. 

Uras,  oo'r&s,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  at  the 
base  of  Monte  Arci,  16  miles  E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  2241. 

Uratepe,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Ooratepe. 

Ur'ban,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Sunbury. 

Urbana,  ur-ban'ah,  a  post-town,  Capital  of  Champaign 
CO.,  111.,  in  Urbana  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  A  Western  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Danville,  2 
miles  E.  of  Champaign  City,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bloom- 
'  ington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  banking- 
houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  bricks,  and 
tile.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Illinois  Industrial  University, 
which  has  16  resident  professors  and  about  700  students. 
Pop. in  1880,  2942;  in  1890,  3511. 

Urbana,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Wabash.     It  has  2  churches. 

Urbana,  or  Urbanna,  a  post-village  of  Benton  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Polk  township,  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vinton, 
and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Cedar  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Urbana,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  817. 

Urbana,  a  post-village  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.  of  Humboldt. 


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2696 


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Urbana,  or  Urbanna,  a  post-bamlet  of  Frederick  oo., 
Md.,  aboat  44  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Ijamsville,  which  is  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad. 

Urbana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Urbana,  a  township  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2119. 
It  contains  Hammondsport. 

Urbana^  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Champaign  oo., 
0.,  in  Urbana  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  A  Cleveland 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  18  miles  S.  of 
Bellefontaine,  and  47  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  high  school,  .3  national 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop,  2  carriage-fac- 
tories, a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  glue, 
soap,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Urbana  Uni- 
versity (Swedenborgian),  which  was  organized  in  1851.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4276;  in  1880,  6252;  in  1890,  6510. 

Urbana,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  about  60 
miles  E.  by  X.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church,  a  maeonio 
hall,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Oysters  abound  here. 

Urbania,  ooR-b&'n^-&,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Urbino,  on  the  Metanro.     P.  2004. 

Urbanna,  Iowa  and  Maryland.     See  Urbana. 

Urbeis,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Orbet. 

Urbenthal,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  WOrbentdal. 

Urberach,  ooR'b^r-ftK^  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  near  Offenbach.     Pop.  1537. 

llrbigenum,  Switzerland.     See  Orbe. 

Ifrbino,  ooR-bee'no  (anc.  Urbi'num  Horten'ie),  a  city 
of  Central  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Pesaro  and  Urbino,  formerly  capital  of  a  duchy,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Pesaro.  Pop.  5162.  it  has  an  old  ducal  palace, 
a  cathedral,  adorned  with  fine  works  of  art,  a  college,  a 
diocesan  seminary,  a  large  manufactory  of  pins,  4  annual 
fairs,  and  the  house  of  Raphael,  who  was  bom  here  in  1483. 

Urbs  Vetus,  an  ancient  name  of  Orvikto. 

Urchilla,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Orchilla. 

UrcoS)  ooR'koce,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Cuzco. 

Urda,  ooR'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinoe  and  32  miles 
S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2870. 

Ure,  a  river  of  England.     See  Yore. 

Uregh,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Ireqh. 

Ures,  oo'rSs,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Sonora,  on  the  river  Sonora,  1030  miles  N.N. W.  of  Mexico. 
Lat.  29°  11'  N.     Pop.  about  7500. 

Uresino,  oo-r&-see'no,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo- 
Sioo,  celebrated  for  its  thermal  medicinal  springs,  the 
waters  of  which  are  used  both  internally  and  as  baths. 

Urfa,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Oorfa. 

Urfahr,  ooR'fiR,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, opposite  Lintz,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 
Pop.  6275.     It  has  manufactures  of  machinery,  Ac. 

IJrga,  a  city  of  Mongolia.     See  Oorga. 

Urgel,  Seo  de,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  Seo  de  Uroel. 

Urgeiy ,  Urghen^e,  or  Urghenz.    See  Oorohenj. 

Urghundaub,  iir^gun-dawb',  written  also  Irghen- 
dab  and  Urghundab,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  joins  the 
Helmund  80  miles  W.  of  Candahar,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
about  230  miles.  The  village  of  Urghundaub,  on  the  above 
river,  is  66  miles  N.E.  of  Candahar. 

Urgnano,  ooRn-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  3092. 

Uri,  yu'ree  (Ger.  pron.  oo'ree),  a  canton  in  the  E.  of 
Switzerland,  consisting  of  the  valley  of  the  Reuss  and  its 
affluents,  and  having  on  its  S.  frontier  Mount  St.  Gothard, 
and  westward  the  Galenstock  and  Sustenhorn,  principal 
heights  of  the  main  chain  of  the  Alps.  Area,  422  square 
miles.  Pop.  23,694,  all  Roman  Catholics.  Cattle-rearing 
is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Chief  town,  Altorf.  Uri 
united  with  Unterwalden  and  Schwytz  early  in  the  four- 
teenth century  to  form  the  Swiss  Confederation. 

Uria,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Oria. 

Urias  Sinus.     See  Gulp  of  Manpredonia. 

Urica,  oo-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  about  55  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Cumand.     Lat.  9°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  18'  W. 

Urichf  yu'rik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo..  Mo.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Holden. 

Uri ,  Lake  of,  Switzerland.     See  Lake  op  Uri. 
Uritana,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Oria. 
Uriupinskaia,  Russia.     See  Oorioopinskaia. 

TJijum,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oorzhoom. 
TJrk,  iiRk,  a  small  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the 
Kiiyiier  Zee,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Enkhuysen. 


Uri  and,  oor'I&nd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Medford. 

Ur'iingford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  15  miles 
W.N.W,  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  1007. 

Urlofien,  ooR-lorf^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  a  railwar 
7  miles  N.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  2122. 

Uriujah,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Oorloojah. 

Urma,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Oorma. 

Urmeyville,  iir'me-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ind.,  about  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  is  on 
the  Cincinnati  A  Martinsville  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  3f 
Franklin. 

Urmiah,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Oorooheetah. 

Urmston  Harbor,  China.     See  Tongkoo  Bat. 

Urnftsch,  oor-nish',  or  Urnftschen,  ooR-n&'sh^n,  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ap 
ponzell.     Pop.  2585. 

Urnen,  ooR'n^n,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nieder,  nee'd^r, 
two  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  6  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Glarus.  The  former  possesses  much-frequented  baths 
United  pop.  2609. 

Urne's  (fir'ngz)  Corners,  post-oflSce,  Buffalo  co..  Wis. 

Ur'ness,  post-township,  Douglas  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  296. 

Urnieta,  ooR-ne-i't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinoe  of 
Gnipuzcoa,  9  miles  S.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1209. 

Urr,  a  lake,  river,  village,  and  parish  of  Scotland;  the 
lake  between  the  counties  of  Dumfries  and  Kirkcudbright, 
and  2  miles  in  circuit.  The  river,  or  Urr- Water,  issues  from 
it,  and,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  26  miles,  joins  Solway  Firth 
10  miles  E.  of  Kirkcudbright.  On  its  E.  bank,  4^  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Castle-Douglas,  is  the  village  of  Urr. 

Urrea  de  Gaen,  oor-r&'&  di  gl-£n',  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  of  Teruel,  on  the  San  Martin,  60  miles  S. 
of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1298. 

Ur'sa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ursa  township,  Adams  co.,  111., 
on  the  Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Quinoy.  It  is  about  3 
miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  which  forms  the  W. 
boundary  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1411. 

Ursel,  Ober,  o'b^r  dfiR's^l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  th« 
Ursel,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     P.  3702. 

Urseren-  (or  Ursern-,  ooR's^rn)  Thai,  ooR's^-r^n- 
t&l,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  composing  the  S.  part  of  the 
canton  of  Uri. 

Urshnm,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oorzhoom. 

Ursina,  fir-si'na,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
in  Lower  Turkeyfoot  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Wash- 
ington A  Baltimore  Railroad,  86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  brick-yard,  a  stave-factory,  and  the 
works  of  a  coke-  and  iron-company.     Pop.  about  500. 

Urna,  oo-roo'i,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  extending  from 
the  Congo  on  the  E.N.E.  to  about  9°  S.  lat.,  and  bounded  W. 
by  the  great  river  Lomami,  a  tributary  of  the  Congo.  Its 
capital,  Kilemba,  is  a  great  trading-station,  much  visited 
by  merchants  from  the  E.  and  W.  coasts  of  Africa.  Urua 
is  one  of  the  largest  states  of  Central  Africa,  and  its  ruler 
is  absolute,  governing  chiefly  by  a  rude  and  imperfect  feu- 
dality over  many  minor  states. 

Urubamba,  oo-roo-bim'bi,  a  town  of  Peru,  depart- 
ment and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cuzco,  on  the  river  Urubamba. 
Pop.  4000. 

Urnbn,  oo-roo-boo',  or  Urnbn  de  Cima,  oo-roo- 
boo'  d^  see'mi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Bahia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Sao  Francisco,  120  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  de  Contas. 

Urnbu,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parfi,  joins  the  Ama- 
zon nearly  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Madei~a. 

Urnbncnara,  or  Urnbnquara,  oo-roo-boo-kwi'r&,  a 
river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pard,  rises  in  the  Serra  Velha, 
flows  S.  and  expands  into  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  and  20 
miles  below  joins  the  Amazon. 

Urubu  de  Baixa,  Brazil.    See  Propiha. 

Urucahi,  oo-roo-k4-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Piauhy,  rises  in  the  Serra  Gurguea,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Parnahiba  nearly  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Balpas. 

Urucaia,  oo-roo-ki'a,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Sao 
Francisco  16  miles  N.  of  Sao  Romao.     Length,  200  miles. 

Urucanga,  oo-roo-king'gS.,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  state  of  Santa  Catbarina,  flows  E.,  and  enters  the 
ocean.  It  has  a  depth  of  from  3  to  4  fathoms,  but  its 
mouth  is  almost  blocked  up  with  a  sand-bank. 

Uruguay,  oo-roo-gwi',  a  river  of  South  America,  rises 
in  Brazil,  on  the  W.  slope  of  a  cordillera,  in  the  N.  of  the 
state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  lat.  28°  S.,  and  flows  N.W. 
for  about  100  miles,  entering  the  plains  of  Vicaria,  where 
it  is  joined  on  the  right  by  the  Pelotas  and  on  the  left  by 
the  Pepiri-Guaju ;  here,  turning  W.,  it  receives  on  the  left 
the  Uruguay-Pita.     It  now  proceeds  S.S.W.,  and  is  aug- 


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laented  by  numerous  streams,  particularly  by  the  Ibicui. 
the  Arapey,  and  the  Cuarein,  which  separates  Brazil 
from  Uruguay.  In  its  remaining  course,  almost  due  S. 
for  about  400  miles,  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Uru- 
guay and  Entre  Kios,  receiving  on  the  right,  from  the 
latter  state,  the  Mirinai  and  Gualeguaiohti,  and  on  the  left, 
from  the  former  state,  the  Baiman,  and  last  of  all,  the  most 
important  of  its  tributaries,  the  Negro.  About  50  miles 
below,  in  lat.  34°  S.  and  Ion.  61°  40'  W.,  it  unites  with  the 
Parand  in  forming  the  Rio  de  la  Plata.  The  whole  course 
of  the  Uruguay  is  about  950  miles.  It  is  navigated  by 
sailing-barks  up  to  a  great  fall  40  miles  below  the  Ibicui ; 
after  the  fall  is  passed,  large  canoes  ascend  as  far  as  the 
oonfluence  of  the  Pelotas.  The  banks  of  the  Uruguay  are 
fertile  but  ill  cultivated.  The  principal  products  are  cotton 
and  mat6.  The  articles  exported  are  chiefly  hides,  tallow, 
and  honey. 

Uruguay,  or  Banda  Oriental  del  Uruguay, 
bin'di  o-re-fin-t41'  dil  oo-roo-gwi',  a  republic  of  South 
America,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  Brazil,  E.  by  the  At- 
lantic, S.  by  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  and  W.  by  the  Uruguay, 
separating  it  from  the  Argentine  Republic.  Lat.  30°  to 
35°  S. ;  Ion.  53°  to  58°  W.  Greatest  length,  350  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  from S.W.  to  N.E.,  320  miles;  area,  71,740 
square  miles.  Capital,  Montevideo.  Viewed  as  a  whole, 
it  may  be  regarded  as  a  vast  undulating  plain,  generally 
flat  towards  the  Uruguay,  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  and  the  sea- 
coast,  but  broken  in  the  interior  by  several  ridges  of  mod- 
erate elevation,  which  are  composed  for  the  most  part  of 
clay-slate,  gneiss,  and  granite,  and  form  the  water-sheds  of 
the  more  important  rivers ;  these  are  the  Rio  Negro,  by  far 
the  largest,  which,  rising  on  the  N.E.  frontier,  in  the  Sierra 
Tecla,  flows  S.W.  to  its  junction  with  the  Uruguay,  and 
divides  the  state  into  two  nearly  equal  portions  ;  the  Guaray, 
on  the  N.  frontier,  the  Arapey,  Daiman,  and  Queguaj',  also 
tributaries  of  the  Uruguay ;  the  San  Lucia  and  San  Jos6, 
which  unite  their  streams  and  fall  into  the  Riode  la  Plata; 
the  Sebollati,  or  Cebollati,  and  its  affluents,  and  theYagua- 
ron,the  two  most  important  feeders  of  the  large  Lake  Mirim, 
which  is  situated  in  the  N.E.,  partly  in  Brazil,  and,  after 
the  rivers,  forms  the  most  important  hydrographical  feature 
of  the  country.  The  climate  is  generally  humid,  but  tem- 
perate and  healthy ;  in  the  winter  heavy  rains  and  cold 
winds  are  prevalent,  but  in  the  lowlands  frost  is  said  to  be 
unknown.  Natural  pastures  are  very  extensive  and  luxu- 
riant. The  extensive  plains,  covered  with  rich  turf,  and 
almost  destitute  of  trees,  seem  admirably  adapted  to  agri- 
culture, but  remain  for  the  most  part  in  a  state  of  nature, 
and  are  roamed  over  by  immense  herds  of  horses  and  cattle. 
These  form  the  chief  sources  of  wealth  to  the  inhabitants, 
supplying  large  exports  of  hides,  skins,  hair,  horns,  jerked 
beef,  and  tallow.  Wheat,  maize,  beans,  and  melons  are 
produced,  and  the  country  is  adapted  to  the  culture  of  most 
of  the  fruits  of  temperate  climates.  Agricultural  processes 
are  of  the  rudest  kind,  and  at  present  no  more  produce  is 
raised  than  is  required  for  home  consumption.  Monte- 
video, on  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  is  the  centre  of  the  foreign 
trade,  which  amounts  per  annum  to  about  $15,000,000  ex- 
ports and  $15,500,000  imports.  About  300  miles  of  rail- 
roads are  in  operation,  the  principal  lines  being  the  Central 
Uruguayan  and  its  branches,  and  the  Northwestern. 

The  constitution  of  Uruguay  gives  great  facilities  for 
naturalization,  and  encourages  foreign  emigration.  The 
chief  towns  are  Montevideo,  Fray  Bentos,  PaysandtS,  Mal- 
donado,  Colonia,  Salto,  Melo,  San  Jos6,  and  Canelones. 

After  years  of  struggle  between  Buenos  Ayres  and  Brazil, 
a  treaty  was  concluded  under  the  mediation  of  England,  in 
1825,  by  which  the  debatable  territory  was  erected  into  an 
independent  republic,  termed  Cisplatina,  on  account  of  its 
lying  this  side  of  the  La  Plata  (with  respect  to  Europe). 
The  Spaniards  called  the  country  Banda  Oriental  {i.e., "  east 
frontier"),  because  it  separated  them  to  the  eastward  from 
Brazil.  Pop.  in  1 884  (ofiBcially  estimated),  593,248,  of  whom 
about  80  per  cent,  were  natives. 

Urumiyah,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ooroomeeyah. 

Urumptsi,  a  city  of  China.     See  OonooMTSEE. 

Urup,  Kooril  Islands.     See  Ooroop. 

Ururahi,  oo-roo-ri-hee',  or  Santa  Rita,  sln'ti  ree'- 
ti,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  the  river 
or  channel  of  the  same  name,  Ifi  miles  from  Campos. 

Urviilgy,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Heurengrund. 

Usa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oosa. 

Usagre,  oo-si'gri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
province  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  mines  of 
quicksilver.     Pop.  2179. 

Usbecks,  a  perple  of  Tartary.     See  Oozbeks. 

Usbekistan,  o-  Oozbekistan.    See  Bokhara. 
170 


Uscat,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Yoozcat. 

Usch,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  OosH. 

Uschitza,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ooshitsa. 

Uscio,  oo'sho,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Genoa,  near  Reooo^ 

Uscup,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Uskup. 

Usedom,  oo'z^h-dom^  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  Pome* 
rania,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  Baltic,  between  the  Swine 
and  Peene  outlets  of  the  Great  and  Little  Hafif  (portions  of 
the  Stettiner-Haff),  9  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  RUgen. 
Length,  30  miles;  greatest  breadth,  14  miles.  The  inhab- 
itants are  chiefly  occupied  in  cattle-rearing  and  fishing. 

Usedom,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  the  above  island, 
on  the  Little  HafiF.     Pop.  1717. 

Useras,  oo-si'ris,  a  village  of  Spain,  Valencia,  proT- 
ince  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.    P.  1969. 

Ush,  or  Usch,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oozh. 

Ushak,  99-sh&k',  or  Hnshak,  h99-8hik',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  138  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Smyrna,  and  64 
miles  S.W.  of  Kutaieh.  It  is  built  of  sun-dried  bricks,  and 
is  noted  as  the  place  where  the  largest  and  finest  Turkey 
carpets  are  made,  the  weaving,  dyeing,  Ac,  of  which  o«- 
cupy  the  most  of  the  inhabitants. 

Ushant,  Qsh'ant  (Fr.  Ouessant,  wfis^sdu"';  anc.  Uxan'- 
tia),  the  most  W.  of  the  islands  off  the  coast  of  Brittany, 
France,  department  of  Finistdre,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brest. 
Length,  4^  miles.  Lat.  of  light-house,  48°  28'  5"  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  3'  2"  W.     Pop.  2327. 

Us  haw,  a  college  of  England.    See  Esh. 

Ushitza,  or  Usicza,  oo-sheet's&,  a  to»rn  of  Servia,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Morava,  87  miles  S.W.  of  Belgrade.  Pop. 
4081.  Principal  edifices,  a  rock  fortress,  several  mosques, 
and  a  Greek  cnurch. 

Ushnei,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ooshnei. 

Ushruff,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ashruff. 

Ushugat  Island,  Alaska.    See  Barren  Islands. 

Usingen,  oo'zing-^n,  a  town  of  Nassau,  on  the  Usbach, 
17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  1798. 

Usk,  a  river  of  Wales  and  England,  enters  the  estuary 
of  the  Severn  3i  miles  S.  of  Newport.     Course,  60  miles. 

Usk,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  on  the 
Usk,  11  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Monmouth.     Pop.  1645. 

Uskup,  oos'kiip,  or  Uskiup,  oos^ke-oop',  written  also 
Uskub  and  Uscup,  called  also  Skopia,  sko'pl-a  (ano. 
Scupi),  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  on  the  Uskup  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Vardar,  100  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sa- 
lonica.  Estimated  pop.  20,000.  It  has  many  handsome 
mosques,  Greek  churches,  a  citadel  with  a  Turkish  garrison, 
and  important  manufactures  of  pistols,  guns,  and  leather. 

Usiar,  o5s'lar,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Gottingen,  on  the  Aale.     Pop.  2280. 

Usman,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oosmak. 

Usmate,  oos-m4'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  and  18 
miles  from  Milan.     Pop.  1174. 

Usop,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Pakla. 

Uspanapan,  oos-p&-n&-p&n',  a  river  of  Mexioo,  state 
of  Tabasco,  tributary  to  the  Coatzacoalcos. 

Usquepang,  iis'kwe-pawg,  or  Usquebaugh,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in  Richmond  township, 
about  17  miles  AV.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cotton-factory.     Pop.  122. 

Ussel,  iis^sdl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corrftze,  on  the  Sar- 
sonne,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  2822. 

Usson,  us^s6n»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  16  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  949;  of  commune,  3341. 

Usson,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vienne,  22  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Poitiers.     Pop.  827 ;  of  commune,  2340. 

Usson,  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D&me,  5  miles 
W.  of  Issoire,  with  a  mined  castle,  once  the  residence  of 
Margaret,  the  first  queen  of  Henry  IV.  of  France. 

Usso'ra,  a  river  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  joins  the  Bosna 
a  little  above  Doboi,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Ustarits,  iis'ti*reets',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  7  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.  Pop.  1777,  who  mann- 
facture  woollen  cloths  and  leather. 

Uster,  oos't^r,  a  parish  and  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  5808. 

Ustiano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ostiano. 

Ustica,  oos'te-ki  (anc.  Euonimo  and  Osteo'des),  an  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Italy,  off  the  N.  coast 
of  Sicily,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palermo.  Length,  3  miles ; 
breadth,  2  miles.  Soil  volcanic  and  highly  fertile.  The 
town  of  Santa  Maria,  on  its  S.W.  side,  has  1800  inhabit- 
ants, and  a  harbor  defended  by  strong  batteries.     P.  3877. 

Ustiug  Veliki,  Russia.    See  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Ustiuschna,  Russia.    See  Oostioozhna. 

Us^a,  oost'yi,  a  small  river  of  Russia,  in  Vologda  and 
Archangel,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Vaga. 


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Ust'Sysolsk,  Russia.    See  Oost-Sysolsk. 

Ust-Yilinisk,  a  town  of  Siberia.   See  Viliooisk,  Oost. 

Usumasinta,  oo-soo-mi-sin'ti  or  oo-soo-mi-seen'tl, 
a  considerable  river,  rises  in  Guatemala,  flows  N.W.  through 
the  states  of  Chiapa  and  Tabasco,  Mexico,  and,  after  a 
course  of  400  miles,  joins  the  Tabasco  near  its  mouth.  It 
is  also  connected  by  a  navigable  channel  with  the  Laguna 
de  Terminos. 

TJsnnchobi)  Roumelia.    See  Uzundja-Ova. 

Usuri,  a  river  of  Manchooria.     See  Oosooreb. 

Utah)  yoo'tJ.,  a  territory  of  the  United  States,  bounded 
N.  by  Idaho  and  Wyoming,  E.  by  Wyoming  and  Colorado, 
S.  by  Arizona,  and  W.  by  Nevada.  The  northern  line  fol- 
lows the  parallels  of  41°  and  42°  N.  lat.,  the  eastern  the 
meridians  of  110°  and  109°  W.  Ion.,  the  southern  the  par- 
allel of  37°  N.  lat.,  and  the  western  the  meridian  of  114° 
W.  Its  original  area  (220,196  square  miles)  has  been  from 
time  to  time  reduced,  and  in  1 S68  it  received  its  present 
limits,  leaving  to  the  territory  84,970  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  great  Wahsatch  Range  of 
mountains  divides  Utah  into  two  somewhat  unequal  parts, 
the  western  (which  belongs  to  the  Great  Basin)  being  the 
smaller  but  more  important  division.  These  mountains 
are  exceedingly  wild  and  picturesque,  pierced  by  many 
canons,  and  sending  up  many  peaks  which  rise  above  the 
snow-line.  W.  of  these  mountains  the  country  is  traversed 
by  many  N.  and  S.  ranges  of  broken  mountains,  interspersed 
with  arid  plains,  valleys,  and  basins,  generally  having  a 
dreary  desert  aspect  and  a  somewhat  scanty  vegetation.  In 
some  of  these  basins  lakes  are  found.  Among  the  moun- 
tain-ridges referred  to  are  the  Oquirrh,  Beaver,  Parowan, 
Pah  Vant,  Iron,  Lake,  Onaqui,  Stansbury,  Thomas,  House, 
Pahoton  or  Cedar,  Goshoot,  &c.  This  great  region  has  no 
streams  whose  waters  flow  to  the  ocean,  but  E.  of  the  Wah- 
satch the  country  has  a  different  character.  Here  the 
principal  mountains  (Uintah,  Roan,  Sierra  Abajo,  Pah- 
Utah,  &c.)  have  a  somewhat  east-and-west  direction,  it 
being,  in  fact,  a  region  of  plateaus  rather  than  of  ridges, 
the  rivers  flowing  very  generally  in  deep  caSons.  Most  of 
this  region  is  utterly  sterile ;  but  along  the  principal 
streams  (Uintah,  Green,  Grand,  San  Juan,  and  Colorado) 
there  are  some  meadow-lands,  and  where  irrigation  oan  be 
effected  there  is  no  trouble  in  producing  good  crops. 

Lakes  and  Rivers. — The  principal  rivers  E.  of  the  Wah- 
satch have  been  already  named.  In  the  Great  Basin  we 
find  the  Great  Salt  Lake  (which  see),  a  shallow  expanse  of 
strong  brine,  covering  2000  square  miles,  and  receiving  the 
waters  of  the  Bear,  Weber,  and  Jordan  Rivers,  with  some 
smaller  streams.  The  Jordan  discharges  the  waters  of 
Utah  Lake,  which  contains  fresh  water,  abounding  in  trout. 
The  Sevier  River  flows  into  Sevier  Lake  (190  square  miles). 
The  Little  Salt,  Beaver,  Panguitch,  Spring,  Fish,  and  Preuss 
Lakes  are  the  principal  remaining  lakes.  None  of  the 
streams  of  the  Great  Basin  are  large,  and  many  of  them 
sink  into  the  earth  or  are  dispersed  in  vapor  before  they 
reach  any  proper  lake-basin.  There  are  in  Utah  no  navi- 
gable waters  (except  the  Great  Salt  Lake) ;  but  a  few  ad- 
venturous explorers  have  descended  the  Colorado  and  its 
main  tributaries  in  boats,  encountering  unheard-of  perils, 
and  finding  their  chief  reward  in  the  sight  of  some  of  the 
grandest  and  most  unique  scenery  in  the  world. 

Geology  and  Mineral  Wealth. — Archasan  and  metamor- 
phio  rocks  seem  to  form  the  cores  of  many  of  the  Basin 
ranges,  some  constituting  antiolinals,  others  monoclinals, 
and  still  others  not  obviously  of  either  class.  The  Silurian 
strata  exposed  in  the  mountains  and  canons  are  often  richly 
metalliferous.  The  carboniferous  rocks  are  abundant  and 
cover  large  areas ;  but  they  are,  probably,  in  no  case  coal- 
bearing.  The  Trias  and  the  Jura  both  are  well  represented. 
The  cretaceous  covers  immense  areas,  particularly  in  the 
eastern  or  plateau  region,  and  at  several  points  it  affords  beds 
of  coal  of  economic  value.  There  are  also  extensive  ter- 
tiary regions,  which  are  in  many  cases  not  clearly  distin- 
guishable from  the  cretaceous ;  and  some  of  the  rocks  re- 
garded as  clearly  tertiary  are  also  coal-bearing.  The  plains 
and  valleys  of  the  Great  Basin  are  largely  floored  with  a 
deep  quaternary  detritus,  believed  to  have  been  deposited 
to  a  great  extent  under  the  brackish  waters  of  a  great 
former  lake.  There  are  many  ancient  and  comparatively 
recent  lava-beds.  More  than  20  localities  are  known  to 
have  thermal  springs.  The  great  river-canons  of  the  pla- 
teau-region cut  through  and  expose  every  one  of  the  geo- 
logical strata  above  named.  The  principal  wealth  of  Utah 
must  ever  consist  in  her  ores  of  the  precious  metals.  The 
Silurian,  carboniferous,  and  Jurassic  limestones  of  many 
of  the  mountains  and  canons  have  rich  ores  of  silver  (which 
often  contains  gold),  and  in  some  cases  the  mineral  is  an 


easily-smelted  ore  of  silver  and  lead.  In  1890  Utah  pro- 
duced $7,105,754  in  precious  metals,  besides  considerable 
lead,  iron,  copper,  and  coal.     The  lead  is  among  the  by- 

froduots  of  the  mining  and  smelting  operations.  Near 
ron  City  there  are  immense  buttes  or  mountains  of  mag- 
netic and  other  excellent  iron  ores,  with  abundant  lime- 
stone. Beds  of  kaolin,  rock  salt,  sulphur,  gypsum,  Ac,  are 
known  to  exist.  The  Great  and  Little  Salt  Lakes  afford 
much  nearly-pure  salt.  Excellent  building  granite  is  very 
abundant,  and  in  some  cases  the  freezing  of  water  in  rifU 
of  the  canon-walls  has  extensively  quarried  it  and  thrown 
it  out  into  available  natural  blocks. 

Climate. — A  marked  character  of  the  climate  throughout 
the  territory  is  the  scanty  rainfall ;  but  for  some  cause 
there  has  been  an  increase  of  the  rain  for  some  years  past, 
and  a  consequent  rise  in  the  lake-levels.  The  mountain- 
ranges  receive  much  snow  in  winter,  and  destructive  ava- 
lanches sometimes  occur  in  the  mining  canons;  but  these 
mountain-snows,  which  last  far  into  the  summer  and  in 
some  places  are  perpetual,  alone  render  agriculture  possi- 
ble, by  supplying  water  in  the  rills  and  gulches.  For  the 
most  part  the  climate  is  very  healthful,  agreeably  warm  in 
summer  and  not  severe  in  winter.  Malarial  fevers  are  not 
unknown  near  some  of  the  sinks  and  marshy  tracts. 

Agriculture. — It  has  been  frequently  asserted  that  nine- 
teen-twentieths  of  the  territory  is  hopelessly  sterile;  but 
a  large  Mormon  population  has  for  a  long  term  of  years 
supported  itself  entirely  by  agriculture.  Irrigation  ii 
almost  everywhere  necessary  for  successful  farm-opera- 
tions, and  it  is  unquestionable  that  the  present  systems  of 
irrigation  are  by  no  means  complete  or  perfect.  It  is  re- 
garded as  certain  that  artesian  wells  might  be  sunk  in 
many  regions  so  as  to  reach  permanently  flowing  water. 
Wherever  irrigation  can  be  applied,  the  soils  (almost  every- 
where rich  in  all  the  elements  of  fertility)  amply  repay  the 
expense.  At  present,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
potatoes,  wool,  dried  and  other  fruit,  and  dairy  products  are 
leading  staples.  Cattle-raising  is  practicable  on  many  of 
the  plains  where  agriculture  could  not  succeed,  and  it  is 
very  profitably  carried  on. 

Manufactures. — The  Mormon  population  have  long  car- 
ried on  some  manufacturing  for  the  supply  of  home  wants, 
but  as  a  rule  only  goods  of  the  most  indispensable  kinds 
have  been  thus  made.  Leather  and  leathern  goods,  char- 
coal, salt,  lime,  lumber,  furniture,  flour,  paper,  wagons, 
woollen  goods,  Ac,  are  the  leading  products  of  this  kind. 
Stone- quarries  are  operated  at  Granite  City  and  elsewhere. 
Houses  are  to  some  extent  constructed  of  adobe  or  sun-dried 
bricks.  But  of  late  there  are  important  enterprises  con- 
nected with  the  mining  and  reduction  of  ores.  The  coals 
of  the  territory  are  believed  to  be  abundant  and  accessible, 
and  well  suited  for  steam  purposes  and  for  use  in  the  Sie- 
mens and  other  gas-furnaces,  though  hardly  adapted  to 
the  ordinary  smelting  operations,  most  of  which  are  at 
present  effected  by  means  of  charcoal  and  wood,  of  which 
the  supply  is  nowhere  large.  In  some  of  the  canons  there 
is  good  water-power. 

Railroads. — The  principal  railroads  are  the  Union  Pa- 
cific, the  Denver,  Rio  Grande  &  Western,  the  Central 
Pacific,  the  San  Pete  Valley,  the  Salt  Lake  A  Fort  Doug- 
las, and  the  Salt  Lake  A  Eastern.  The  railroads  in  1890 
aggregated  1265  miles. 

The  Cotmtiea  in  Utah  number  25,  as  follows :  Beaver, 
Box  Elder,  Cache,  Davis,  Emery,  Garfield,  Grand,  Iron, 
Juab,  Kane,  Millard,  Morgan,  Pi  Ute,  Rich,  Salt  Lake, 
San  Juan,  San  Pete,  Sevier,  Summit,  Tooele,  Uintah,  Utah, 
Wasatch,  Washington,  and  Weber.  The  principal  cities 
and  towns  are  Salt  Lake  City,  the  capital,  and  the  head- 
quarters of  the  sect  known  as  Mormons,  or  Latter-Day 
Saints  (pop.  in  1890,  44,843);  Ogden,  a  principal  railroad 
centre  (14,889) ;  Prove,  a  manufacturing  place  and  the  seat 
of  the  Utah  Insane  Asylum  (5169),  Logan  (4565),  Park 
City  (2850),  Springville  (2849),  Mount  Pleasant  (2254), 
Spanish  Fork  (2214),  Brigham  City  (2139),  Payson  (2135), 
Nephi  (2034),  besides  many  other  growing  but  less  popu- 
lous settlements. 

Oovernment. — The  territorial  government  is  organized  on 
the  plan  of  the  other  territories,  the  principal  officers  being 
of  federal  appointment ;  but  practically  the  rulers  of  the 
Mormon  church  have  exercised  nearly  all  the  governmental 
authority  until  within  a  short  period.  The  influx  of  a  large 
mining  and  "  Gentile"  population  has  of  late  weakened  the 
ecclesiastical  influence  and  given  more  substantial  power 
to  the  federal  authorities.  By  statute  women  have  enjoyed 
in  this  territory  the  right  of  suffrage,  and  polygamy  is  one 
of  the  peculiar  institutions  of  Mormonism.  In  1890  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  decided  the  Edmund's 


0TA 


2699 


tf99 


Act  of  Congress,  dissolving  the  Mormon  church  corporation 
and  declaring  its  property  forfeited,  to  be  constitutional. 
Mormon  influence  is  no  longer  supreme. 

Education. — The  new  school  law  of  1890  makes  the 
schools  of  the  territory  free.  There  is  now  no  charge  for 
tuition,  as  under  the  law  of  1880.  In  the  cities  and  larger 
towns  an  organization  of  the  schools  under  a  central  author- 
ity supersedes  the  former  method  of  maintaining  separate 
districts.  The  law  provides  for  compulsory  education,  but 
this  requirement  is  not  effective.  The  University  of  Deseret 
is  situated  at  Salt  Lake  City,  and  the  territorial  agricul- 
tural college  at  Logan  City  was  opened  in  1890. 

Hiatory. — Utah  is  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Upper  Cali- 
fornia, acquired  by  the  United  States  from  Mexico  by 
treaty  in  1848,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war  with  that 
country.  A  year  prior  to  the  date  of  the  treaty,  however, 
the  Mormons,  after  their  expulsion  from  Nauvoo,  111., 
came  to  this  then  almost  utterly  unknown  region,  which 
they  named  Deseret.  In  that  year  Salt  Lake  City  was 
founded,  under  the  superintendence  of  their  high-priest 
Brigham  Young;  and,  as  the  result  of  their  incredible  in- 
dustry and  obedience  and  their  strong  faith,  "  the  desert" 
(for  such  it  was)  soon  began  to  "  blossom  as  the  rose."  In 
1850  a  territorial  government  was  formed.  Young  was  ap- 

fointed  governor,  and  the  territory  of  Utah  was  organized, 
n  1857,  Young  having  openly  set  at  defiance  the  federal 
authority,  President  Buchanan  sent  a  small  force  of  troops 
to  enforce  obedience,  and  in  1858  a  compromise  was  ef- 
fected ;  but  the  substantial  power  was  retained  by  Young 
and  his  followers,  who  have  until  recently  exercised  a  con- 
trolling influence  in  the  affairs  of  the  territory. 

The  Population  in  1850  was  11,380;  in  1860,  40,273;  in 
1870,  86,786,  exclusive  of  the  tribal  Indians,  who  mostly 
belong  to  various  Ute  and  Pi-Ute  bands ;  in  1880,  143,963, 
of  whom  74,509  were  males  and  69,454  were  females.  The 
population  in  1890  was  207,905,  exclusive  of  1854  Indians. 
Of  the  Mormons,  a  large  percentage  are  of  foreign  birth, 
England,  Wales,  and  Denmark  having  furnished  many 
immigrants  to  this  land  of  promise. 

Utah)  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Utah,  has  an 
area  of  1986  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Wahsatoh  Range  of  mountains,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Oquirrh  Mountains.  It  is  partly  irrigated  by  Provo  and 
Jordan  Rivers.  Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Utah 
Lake  (of  fresh  water),  nearly  30  miles  long.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  or  table-lands  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
wool,  oats,  barley,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
Forests  of  pine  and  other  trees  grow  on  the  mountains. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  by  two  branches  of  the  Rio  Grande 
Western  Railroad.  Both  these  railroads  connect  with  Provo 
City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,203;  in  1880,  17,973; 
in  1890,  23,768. 

Utah)  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  111.,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Qalesburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Utah,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Taylorsville. 

Utah)  Youta  (yoo'ti  or  yoo'taw),  or  Ute  Indians, 
a  numerous  tribe  dwelling  in  Utah  and  Colorado. 

Utah  Lake,  Utah,  is  in  the  county  of  the  same  name, 
about  10  miles  E,  of  the  Oquirrh  Mountains.  It  measures 
nearly  24  miles  long  on  a  line  drawn  N.  and  S.,  and  is 
about  14  miles  wide,  with  an  estimated  area  of  130  square 
miles.  It  is  said  to  be  a  beautiful  sheet  of  pure  fresh 
water,  well  stocked  with  fish.  Its  outlet  Is  the  river  Jordan, 
which  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  The  surface  is 
about  4300  feet  higher  than  the  sea. 

Utahville,  yoo'tah-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Ut'ceter,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Utch-Kilissa,  56tch-ke-lis'sa  (the  "  three  churches"), 
a  famous  convent  in  Turkish  Armenia,  110  miles  S.E.  of 
Erzroom,  on  the  Moorad-Chai,  or  eastern  arm  of  the  Upper 
Euphrates.  Here  is  a  remarkable  church,  said  to  have 
stood  nearly  1550  years,  and  greatly  noted  in  Armenian 
church  history.     See  also  Echmiedzin. 

Ute,  yQt,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Ute  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co,,  New  Mexico,  in 
a  valley,  13  miles  W.  of  Cimarron. 

Ute  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Williams  Range, 
has  an  altitude  of  11,968  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  39° 
47'  10"  N, ;  Ion,  106°  4'  4"  W,  It  is  about  33  miles  W. 
of  Central  City. 

Ute  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Colorado, 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Parrott.     Altitude,  9884  feet, 

Utersen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Uetersen. 

Utica,  yu'te-ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yankton  oo.,  Dakota, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Yankton. 


Utica,  a  village  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  in  Banner  town- 
ship, 1  mile  W.  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  3  miles  S.E,  of 
Breed's  Station,  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  floar-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Banner  Post-Office. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Utica  township.  La  Salle  co., 
111.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W,  of 
Ottawa,  and  5  miles  E.  of  La  Salle,  It  has  a  church,  ■ 
bank,  and  several  tiactories  or  mills.  Pop.  of  the  township 
in  1890, 1568. 

Utica,  a  post- village  in  Utica  township,  Clarke  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  7  miles  above  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cement 
and  lime.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1580, 

Utica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 

Utica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Owens- 
borough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Owensborougb. 

Utica,  a  post- village  in  Shelby  township,  Macomb  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Clinton  River  and  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City 
Railroad,  24  miles  N,  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  graded  school, 
2  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese,  and 
paper-pulp.     Pop,  about  900. 

Utica,  a  post- village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn,,  on  the  W, 
border  of  Utica  township,  and  on  the  Winona  A  St,  Peter 
Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Winona,  and  28  miles  E,  of 
Rochester.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  of  township,  1209. 

Utica,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  about  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  150. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Livingston 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  Grand  River,  near  the  mouth 
of  its  Crooked  Fork,  and  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop,  1000, 

Utica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Ne- 
braska Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Utica,  a  handsome  city  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mo- 
hawk River,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  Central  Railroad,  95 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Albany,  52  miles  E.  of  Syracuse,  and  383 
miles  from  Washington.  Lat.  43°  6'  49"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  13' 
W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mo- 
hawk. The  site  is  nearly  level,  with  a  gentle  declivity 
towards  the  N.  The  streets  are  wide,  and  the  houses  mostly 
well  built  of  brick  or  stone.  Most  of  the  public  buildings 
and  mercantile  houses  are  on  Genesee  street.  The  city  ex- 
tends nearly  4  miles  E.  and  W.  The  Erie  Canal,  here  70 
feet  wide,  passes  through  it,  and  the  Chenango  Canal  con- 
nects it  with  Binghamton.  The  state  lunatic  asylum, 
located  1  mile  W.  of  the  centre  of  the  city,  consists  of 
several  large  and  expensive  buildings  of  stone  and  brick, 
capable  of  accommodating  several  hundred  patients.  Utica 
contains  a  city  hall,  more  than  30  churches,  a  public  library, 
a  court-house,  an  opera-house,  several  academies,  3  hos- 
pitals, 2  orphan  asylums,  7  banks,  and  a  handsome  Govern- 
ment building  for  the  post-office  and  United  States  courts, 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $479,000.  Three  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers  and  several  other  periodicals  are  published 
here.  It  has  gas-works,  water-works  which  supply  400,- 
000,000  gallons  in  a  year,  a  cot  ton -factory,  2  woollen-mills, 
4  extensive  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes,  2  organ- 
factories,  a  knitting-mill,  2  stove-foundries,  and  manu- 
factures  of  steam-engines,  wagons,  millstones,  machinery, 
farming-implements,  fire-bricks,  varnish,  pumps,  Ac.  Ac- 
cording to  the  census  of  1890,  the  capital  employed  in  all 
industries  reported  from  Utica  was  $12,257,855,  and  the 
value  of  products  $13,205,572.  Around  this  city  lies  an 
extensive  dairying  region,  with  many  cheese-factories,  of 
which  Utica  is  the  centre  of  trade.  The  city  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Utica  line  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  A 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
Ontario  A  Western  Railroad,  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, the  West  Shore  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  and  other  lines, 
Utica  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1830.  Pop.  in  1830, 
8323;  in  1850,  17,565;  in  1860,  22,529}  in  1870,  28,804; 
in  1880,  33,914;  in  1890,  44,007. 

Utica,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Washington 
township,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  and  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Mount  Vernon. 
It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  8  graded  school,  2  drug-storea, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  763, 

Utica.,  a  hamlet  in  Clear  Creek  township,  Warren  co,, 
0.,  18  miles  S.  of  Dayton.     Here  is  Dunlevy  Post-Office, 

Utica,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  and  on  the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  A  Great 


UTI 


2700 


uzu 


Western  Railroad,  8  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Franklin,  and  12 
miles  W.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  850. 

Utica,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wig.     Pop.  1470. 

Utica^  a  post-hamlet  in  Christiana  township,  Dane  oo., 
Wis.,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Utica,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1078. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
from  Uxbridge.     Pop.  200. 

Utica  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Utiel,  oo-to-dl',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Cuenca, 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Requena.  Pop.  5578,  who  manufacture 
hempen,  linen,  and  silken  fabrics,  leather,  and  soap. 

Utilla,  oo-teel'y&,  or  Utille,  one  of  the  Bay  Islands, 
in  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  Caribbean  Sea,  lat.  16°  5'  N.,  Ion. 
86°  50'  W.,  about  7  miles  long,  with  a  port  of  the  same 
name.  It  ships  many  bananas  and  cocoa-nuts  to  the  United 
States.     Pop.  600. 

Utis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Montonb. 

UtOe,  u'to^i,  or  A'oo-to'^h,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Baltic,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Stockholm.     Lat.  58°  55'  N. 

UtOe,  an  island  of  Finland,  in  the  Baltic,  with  a  light- 
house, in  lat.  59°  46'  5"  N.,  Ion.  21°  22'  E. 

Utopia,  yu-to'pe-a,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  oo.,  C,  on 
the  Ohio  River.     Pop.  80. 

Utopia,  yu-to'pe-a,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  oo.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Northern  Railroad,  23  miles  from  Collingwood. 
It  contains  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store. 

Utrecht,  yu'trikt  (Dutch,  pron.  U'trflKt;  anc.  Ultra- 
trajectutn,  or  Trajectum  ad  Rhenum),  a  city  of  the  Nether- 
lands, capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Amsterdam,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  It 
is  situated  in  a  pleasant  district  on  the  Old  Rhine,  where 
the  Vecht  branches  off  from  it.  It  is  traversed  by  two 
canals,  across  which  are  28  stone  bridges.  The  old  walls 
have  been  levelled  and  planted,  aad  now  form  pleasant 
walks  ;  besides  which,  outside  the  walls,  is  the  Maliebaan,  a 
promenade  planted  with  8  rows  of  lime-trees,  bordered  with 
fine  gardens,  and  having  4  foot-ways  and  3  carriage-ways. 
IJtreoht  is  the  seat  of  the  provincial  government,  and  of 
superior  courts,  civil  and  military,  and  possesses  a  govern- 
ment house,  court-house,  prison  and  house  of  correction,  a 
mint,  a  town  hall,  a  fine  building,  with  a  small  library,  a 
gallery  of  paintings  chiefly  by  native  artists,  and  a  rich 
oollection  of  drawings  of  old  Utrecht  houses;  the  buildings 
of  the  Society  of  Art  and  Science,  several  barracks,  an  ar- 
senal, and  numerous  remains  of  antiquity.  Besides  the 
cathedral,  which  has  a  tower  388  feet  high,  Utrecht  has  11 
Protestant  churches  and  8  Catholic  churches,  of  which 
3  belong  to  the  Jansenists,  a  synagogue,  a  town  hospital, 
several  orphan  hospitals,  and  numerous  other  benevo- 
lent institutions,  besides  many  benevolent,  religious,  and 
literary  and  scientific  societies,  a  university,  with  a  botani- 
cal garden,  anatomical  hall,  laboratory,  observatory,  library, 
and  a  museum  of  natural  history  attached ;  a  veterinary 
school,  schools  for  drawing  and  architecture,  and  numerous 
other  educational  establishments.  Utrecht  is  the  see  of 
Catholic  and  Jansenist  archbishops.  It  is  well  situated  for 
trade,  which  is  chiefly  in  grain  and  cattle ;  a  considerable 
amount  of  shipping  business  is  done.  The  manufactures  of 
the  town  include  cotton-  and  woollen-spinning,  cloth-dye- 
ing, silk  twisting  and  weaving,  and  the  kind  of  plush 
called  Utrecht  velvet,  carpets,  floor-cloth,  metal  and  bone 
buttons,  metal  castings,  snuff  and  cigars,  soap,  leather, 
ropes,  salt,  brandy,  fluid-coffee,  boat-building,  &c.  In  the 
audience-hall  of  the  university,  in  1579,  was  signed  the  act 
of  confederation,  declaring  the  seven  United  Provinces  in- 
dependent of  Spain ;  and  in  the  British  minister's  house 
the  treaty  of  Utrecht  was  signed  in  1713,  which  ended  the 
war  of  the  Spanish  succession.     Pop.  in  1891,  87,911. 

Utrecht,  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Area,  532  sq.  miles.  Pop.  (1891) 
226,847.  The  Leek  or  Rhine  forms  its  S.  boundary;  its 
other  rivers  are  the  Vecht  and  Eem.  The  surface  is  less 
flat  and  marshy  than  that  of  the  adjacent  provinces.  Chief 
towns,  Utrecht,  Amersfoort,  and  Montfoort. 

Utrera,  oo-tri'ri  (anc.  IliUirge?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Seville.  Pop.  12,441,  mostly 
agriculturists.  It  stands  around  a  fortified  enclosure,  has 
a  Moorish  castle,  and  is  important  as  a  military  post.  Its 
streets  are  wide,  and  kept  clean  by  running  streams ;  and 
here  are  some  remarkable  churches,  various  convents  and 
hospitals,  town  hall,  prison,  barracks,  and  manufactures  of 
soap,  starch,  and  leather,  and  near  it  are  salt-springs. 

Utsaladdy,  or  Utsalady,  ut-sg,-lah'dee,  a  post-vil- 
•Age  of  Island  co.,  Washington,  on  Puget  Sound,  90  miles 


N.  of  Tacoma.     It  has  a  public  ball,  a  hotel,  and  a  large 
lumber-mill. 

UtUarpa'ra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  adjoin- 
ing Bali  on  the  N.     Pop.  3048. 

Uttenweiler,  SS't^n-^^i'l^r,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Danube,  near  Riedlingen.     Pop.  1208. 

Ut'ter  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Isthmus  Transit  Railroad.  It  has  a  brewery  and  a  public 
school.     Coal  is  found  about  5  miles  from  this  place. 

Ut'terson,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  N.  of  Braccbridge.     Pop.  350. 

Uttoxeter,  iix'e-t§r,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Stafford,  at  a  railway  junction,  and  beside 
the  Dove,  across  which  it  communicates  with  the  co.  of 
Derby  by  a  bridge  of  six  arches.     Pop.  3604. 

Uttoxeter,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  oo.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Watford.     Pop.  100. 

Utus,  a  river  of  Bulgaria.    See  Yin. 

Utweil,  oot'^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Thurgso, 
on  the  Lake  of  Constance,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Constance. 

Uvalde,  yu-vil'de,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Rio  Frio,  the  Rio  Leona,  and  Sabinal  Creek.  It  con- 
tains a  large  portion  of  prairie.  The  soil  produces  pasture 
for  many  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway. 
CapiUl,  Uvalde.     Pop.  in  1880,  2541 ;  in  1890,  3804. 

Uvalde,  a  city  of  Texas,  the  capital  of  Uvalde  oo.,  on 
the  Rio  Frio,  and  on  a  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railway,  94  miles  W.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  banks,  a  court-house,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in 
1880,  794;  in  1890,  1265. 

Uvelka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oovelka. 

Uwchlan,  yook'lq,n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
in  Upper  Uwchlan  township,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  i  mile  from  the  Pickering  Valley  Railroad. 

U  wharie,  a  river  of  North  Carolina.     See  Uhares. 

Uwharie,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C. 

Uxantis,  the  ancient  name  of  Usbant. 

Ux'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  17 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  Pop.  7497.  It  has 
numerous  flour-mills,  malt-works,  and  a  brick-field. 

Ux'bridge,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Uxbridge  township,  on  the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the 
Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wor- 
cester, and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  The  township  has  several  woollen- 
mills  and  a  cotton-mill,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Eastern 
division  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad.  It 
contains  North  Uxbridge,  and  has  a  pop.  of(1890)  of  3408. 

Ux'bridge,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Black  River,  and  on  the  Toronto  &  Northern 
Railway,  43  miles  from  Toronto.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
branch  bank,  printing-office,  6  hotels,  about  20  stores,  sev- 
eral saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manufactories  of  iron  cast- 
ings, mill-machinery,  engines,  axes,  ploughs,  leather,  fan 
ning-mills,  woollens,  &c.     Pop.  1500. 

Uxixar,  or  Ujijar,  Spain.    See  Ugijar. 

Uxmal,  oox-mir,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan, 
45  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Merida.  It  presents  some  very  remark- 
able architectural  remains,  comprising  several  large  edi- 
fices, the  largest  building  occupying  a  space  640  feet  in 
length  by  410  feet  in  width,  all  being  adorned  with  elaborate 
sculptures. 

Uyea,  oo-yi',  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  im- 
mediately S.  of  Unst.  It  is  a  chief  rendezvous  of  shipping 
for  the  deep-sea  fishing. 

Uyea,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  4i  miles 
from  the  N.  extremity  of  Mainland. 

Uzbeckistau,  Asia.    See  Bokhara. 

Uzbecks,  a  people  of  Tartary.     See  Oozbecks. 

Uzel,  ii'zSr,  a  town  of  France,  in  C8tes-du-Nord,  on  the 
Oust,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Loud6ac. 

Uzen,  two  rivers  of  European  Russia.    See  Oozen. 

Uzerche,  U^zaiRsh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corrdze,  la 
miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  2146. 

Uzes,  ii^zice',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  Auzon, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nlmes.  Pop.  4865.  It  has  a  commu- 
nal college,  an  old  episcopal  palace,  and  a  turreted  castle 
of  its  former  dukes,  with  manufactures  of  silk  hosiery, 
common  woollen  cloths,  and  fine  pasteboard. 

Uznach,  oots'niK,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
34  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1750. 

Uzundja-Ova,  oo-zun'ji-o'v4,  written  also  Usun- 
chobi,  a  town  of  Roum^lia,  near  the  Marltza,  56  milo» 
W.N.W.  of  Adrianople. 


VAA 


2701 


ITAL 


V. 


?aag,  a  »irer  of  Hungary.    See  Waao. 

Vaageiid  vi'gh^n,  East  and  West,  two  of  the  Loffo- 
den  Islands^  Norway,  W.  of  Hindoen,  each  about  30  miles 
in  length  by  15  miles  across ;  the  former  having  1600  and 
the  latter  2400  inhabitants. 

Vaagde*  one  of  the  Faroe  Islands.     See  FarSe. 

Vaal,  vil,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  after  a  W.  course 
from  the  Quathlamba  Mountains,  joins  the  Orange  River 
about  lat.  29°  5'  S.,  Ion.  25°  20'  E.  It  forms  the  S.  bound- 
ary of  Transvaal. 

Vaaler,  vi'l§r,  a  post-office  of  Lac  Qui  Parle  co.,  Minn. 

Vaals,  or  Yaels,  vils,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, in 
Limburg,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  3867. 

VaaS)  v&s,  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the  Cher,  18 
miles  E.  of  La  Fl^che.     Pop.  1873. 

Vabre,  vib'r,  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  10  miles  E. 
of  Castres.     Pop.  1336. 

Vacas'sar,  a  small  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  Levy 
CO.,  Fla.,  about  lat.  29°  15'  N. 

Vaca  (vk'k&)  Station,  a  village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on 
a  railroad  near  Vacaville.     Pop.  120. 

YacaviJIe,  vi'ki-vil,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal., 
in  a  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  on  the  California  Pacific 
Rail-oad  and  the  Vaca  Valley  &  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento.  Here  is  the  California  College 
(Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1870  and  is  open  to  both 
sexes.  Vacaville  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  brandy  and  wine.  Pop.  in  1890,  725  j  of  Vaca- 
ville township,  2712. 

Vacctieluce,  v&k-k4-loo'ch&,  or  Basiluzzo,  b&-se- 
loot'so,  one  of  the  smaller  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 4  miles  E.  of  Panaria. 

Vaclie  (vish)  Island,  in  the  West  Indies,  is  oflF  the  S. 
coast  of  Hayti,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Aux  Cayes.  It  is  10  miles 
in  length  by  3  miles  across.     It  has  some  good  anchorages. 

Vaciiell,  v^-shell',  or  £gypt,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  13  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bell  Ewart.     Pop.  175. 

Vacherie,  vash'^-re,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  & 
Texas  Railroad,  43i  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  La. 

Vachka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vashka. 

Vacz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Waitzen. 

Vadarica,  the  ancient  name  of  Buddruck. 

Yadavate,  vi-d3,-vi't4,  a  river  of  South  India,  rises 
in  the  West  Ghauts,  flows  N.N.B.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
about  200  miles,  joins  the  Toombuddra. 

Vadkert,  vSd^kaiRt',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Pesth,  about  16  miles  from  Kalocsa.     Pop.  3700. 

Vado,  v4'do,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Savona.     Pop.  1465. 

Yadstena,  vid-sti'ni,  a  town  of  Sweden,  lean  and  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Linkoping,  on  Lake  Wetter.    Pop.  2469. 

Yaduz,  or  Yadutz,  v&'ddSts,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
principality  of  Liechtenstein,  in  the  valley  of  the  Rhine, 
on  the  frontiers  of  the  Swiss  canton  of  Grisons,  21  miles 
S.S.E.  of  St.  Gall.  It  contains  an  old  castle  seated  on  a 
height  which  overhangs  the  town.     Pop.  921. 

Yaels,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Vaals. 

Yaeua,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Baena. 

Yserdal,  viR'dil,  a  parish  and  village  of  Norway,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Trondhjem,  at  the  head  of  its  fiord.  P.  1900. 

Yag,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Waag. 

Yaga,  or  Waga,  vk'gk,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments 
of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  joins  the  Dwina  after  a  N.  course 
of  250  miles.  Principal  affluents,  the  Ustja  and  Kokshenga, 
from  the  E. 

Yagai,  or  Wagai,  vi'ghi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the 
Irtish  34  miles  S.E.  of  Tobolsk. 

Yagh-Besztercze,  vag-b4sH4Rt'84\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag. 
Vagh  Ujhely.     See  Neustadtl-an-der-Waao. 
Yaglia,  vil'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence. 
Pop.  3273. 

Yaglio,  vil'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  7  miles 
E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  4066. 

Yagos,  vi'goce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  4023. 

Yahalis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Waal. 

Yaiden,  va'd^n,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  on 

the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Big  Black 

River,  and  34  miles  S.  of  Grenada.     It  has  4  churches  and 

a  seminary.  Cotton  is  shipped  here  largely.  Pop.  about  600. 


Yaigats,  Yaigatz,  or  Waigatz,  vi-gits',  or  Vai- 
gatch,  vi^g&toh',  an  island  of  Russia,  Arctic  Ocean,  be- 
tween the  N.E.  coast  of  the  government  of  Archangel,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  Straits  of  Vaigats,  and  the 
island  of  Nova  Zembla,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Strait  of  Kara.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  60 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  The  interior  is  moun- 
tainous, and  the  S.  and  S.E.  shores  present  rocky  cliffs. 
AH  the  streams  of  the  island  have  bars  across  their  mouths, 
formed  by  banks  of  stones,  which  sometimes  choke  up  the 
streams  and  convert  them  for  a  time  into  lakes.  The  in- 
habitants are  chiefly  Samoieds,  by  whom  the  island  is  called 
Khayodeya.  Part  of  them,  who  own  reindeer,  remain 
throughout  the  year;  but  others,  as  well  as  Russians,  go 
over  from  the  mainland  in  summer  to  fish  and  hunt. 

Yaihingen,  vi'hing-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Enz,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  paper-mills,  a 
tannery,  and  oil-works.     Pop.  3146. 

Yail,  val,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Denison, 
and  45  miles  W.  of  Jeflferson.  It  has  a  steam  flour-mill,  2 
grain-elevators,  a  brewery,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Yail,  a  station  of  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Tyrone  <fc 
Clearfield  Branch  of  the  same,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone,  Pa. 

Yai'Ia,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  in  Vaila 
Sound,  on  the  W.  side  of  Mainland. 

Yailate,  vi-li'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  from  Lodi, 
with  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  2445. 

Yailsburg,  valz'biirg,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  N.J. 

Yail's  Gate,  or  Mor'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Newburg  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Newburg  A  New  York  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  a  church.  It  com- 
mands a  good  view  of  the  highlands  of  the  Hudson. 

Yail's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Fonda's  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam.  It  has  a  tannery, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  about  20  houses. 

Yaimuga,  vi-moo'gi,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of 
Archangel,  after  a  course  of  about  70  miles,  joins  the  North 
Dwina.  Its  banks  are  covered  with  fine  timber,  large 
quantities  of  which  are  cut  and  transported  to  Archangel. 

Yairano,  vi-r4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Teano.     Pop.  2369. 

Yaise,  viz  or  viz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  form- 
ing a  N.W.  suburb  of  Lyons,  on  the  Saflne.     See  Lyons. 

Yaison,  v4*zdN»'  (anc.  Va'aio),  a  village  of  Prance,  in 
Vaucluse,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Orange,  on  the  OuvSze.  Pop. 
2277.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  a  fine  quay,  circus,  and 
aqneduct,  belonging  to  Vasio,  an  important  Roman  colony. 

Yaitnrani,  a  river  of  India.     See  Btturney. 

Yajca,  or  Yajka,  Russia.     See  Vashka. 

Yfyda-Hnnyad,  vi'dSh*-hoon*y6d',  a  town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, on  the  Czerna,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Karlsburg.  Pop. 
2597.     In  its  environs  are  large  iron-mines. 

Yakh,  vik,  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Yenisei 
and  Tobolsk,  joins  the  Obi  100  miles  E.  of  Soorgoot.  Course 
westward,  estimated  at  350  miles. 

Yal,  an  Italian  word  signifying  "valley"  and  forming 
the  prefix  to  many  names  in  Italy,  Sicily,  Ac,  Val  is  also 
a  prefix  to  the  names  of  old  divisions  of  Sicily,  as  Val  Db- 
MONE  (vil  di-mo'ni),  comprising  the  N.E.  quarter,  with 
Mount  Etna;  Val  di  Mazzara  (vil  dee  m&t-s&'ri),  in  the 
W.,  and  Val  di  Noto  (vil  dee  no'to),  the  S.  parts  of  the 
island. 

Yalais,  viMi'  (Ger.  Wallie,  -ttiVlis),  a  canton  of  Switzer- 
land, in  its  S.W.  part,  consisting  of  the  upper  valley  of  the 
Rhone,  shut  off  N.  and  S.  by  two  primary  Alpine  chains 
from  the  canton  of  Bern  and  from  Savoy.  Area,  2026 
square  miles.  Pop.  100,490,  all  Roman  Catholics,  two- 
thirds  of  whom  speak  French.  It  has  been  described  as  an 
immense  trough,  70  miles  in  length,  1^  miles  in  depth,  and 
2  miles  wide  at  the  bottom ;  the  mountains  on  each  side 
are  among  the  highest  in  Europe,  and  it  is  exposed  to 
furious  torrents  and  destructive  avalanches.  Cattle-rearing 
is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Its  transit  trade  is  pretty 
active.  Chief  towns,  Sion  (the  capital),  and  Martigny  la 
Ville.  It  holds  the  twentieth  place  in  the  Swiss  Confed- 
eration. Under  the  French  it  formed  the  department  of 
Simplon. Adj.  and  inhab.  Valaisan,  viMi-zin'. 

Yalaszka,  vShMdss'kdh',  or  Bela,  bi'ldh',  a  villaga 


VAL 


2702 


VAL 


of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neutra,  12  miles  from  Baimocz.  It  has 
several  saw-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  2799. 

Yalatie)  val'^-tee\  often  pronounced  v51'9,-che  or  val'- 
I^che,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Kinderhook 
township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Albany,  and  2  miles  from  the  Boston  Sc  Albany  Rail- 
road. It  has  4  churches,  several  cotton-factories,  a  money- 
order  post-oflSce,  and  a  paper-mill.  The  outlet  of  Kinder- 
hook Lake  here  enters  the  above-named  creek.      P.  1776. 

Yalbenoite,  v&Pb^h-nw&t',  a  village  of  France,  Loire, 
I  mile  W.  of  Saint-Etienne,  of  which  it  forms  a  suburb. 

Yalborn,  vil-bom',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Minho.     Pop.  3356. 

Val  Bregaglia,  vil  bri-gil'yl,  a  valley  of  Switzer- 
land, Grisons,  on  the  Italian  side  of  the  Alps,  immediately 
S.  and  W.  of  Mount  Septimer,  and  traversed  by  one  of  the 
main  roads  from  Italy  into  Switzerland. 

Valcares,  Etang  de,  iHAN«>'  d?h  vil^kaB',  a  salt  lagoon 
of  France,  in  the  island  of  Camargue,  delta  of  the  Rhone. 

Val  Chiusa,  the  Italian  name  of  Vaucluse. 

Valcour,  val-koor',  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.T., 
OQ  Lake  Champlain,  6  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  is  on  the 
railroad  between  Plattsburg  and  Whitehall. 

Valcour  Island,  New  York,  is  situated  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg. 

ValdagnOy  vil-din'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Vicenza,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Castello,  on 
the  Agno.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  4247. 

Valdai,  or  Waldai,  vil'di,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  80  miles  S.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  Lake  Valdai. 
Pop.  3734. 

Valdai  Hills,  in  the  government  of  Novgorod,  consist 
of  plateaus  which  extend  between  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Peipus 
and  the  river  Diina,  with  an  average  height  of  about  1000 
feet,  forming  the  water-shed  between  rivers  flowing  to  the 
Baltic  and  Caspian  Seas. 

Val-d'Ajol,  Le  Val-d»Ajol,  l^h  vil-dl  zhol',  or 
Laitre,  li,t'r,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  15  miles 
from  Remiremont.     Pop.  1715. 

Val  d'Anzasca,  vil  d&n-z&s'k&,  a  valley  of  Piedmont, 
province  of  Novara.  It  is  picturesque,  and  remarkable 
for  its  vegetation,  its  magnificent  cascades,  and  its  views  of 
Monte  Rosa.  Qold-mines  have  been  worked  in  it  since 
the  time  of  the  Romans. 

Valdaracete,  v&l-d&-r&-th&'t&,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Madrid,  21  miles  from  Ocaiia.     Pop.  1351. 

Val  d'Arno,  vil  daa'no  ("  vale  of  the  Arno"),  a  valley 
of  Tuscany,  renowned  for  its  rural  beauty.     See  Armo. 

Val  d'Aure,  a  valley  of  France.     See  Adre. 

Valdealgorfa,  v4l-d4-il-goR'fi,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Teruel,  9  miles  from  AlcaSiz,  near  the  Gua- 
dalupe.    Pop.  1657. 

Valdefuentes,  vil-d4-fw4n't4s,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1433. 

Valdeganga,  vil-d4-gin'g4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  from  Albacete,  on  a  lofty  height  above  the 
Jucar.     Pop.  1358. 

Val-delP-OImo,  a  town  of  Sicily.   See  Valledulmo. 

Val  Demone,  v4l  d4-mo'n4,  an  ancient  division  in 
the  E.  of  Sicily.     Its  capital  was  Messina.     See  Val. 

Valdemorillo,  v4l-d4-mo-reel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1667. 

Valdemoro,  v41-d4-mo'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2310. 

Valdeugo,  v4l-d4n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin, 
province  of  Novara.     Pop.  1011. 

Val  de  Oliva,  v4l  di  o-lee'v4,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  24  miles  N.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1371. 

Valdepena8,v4l-d4-pain'y4s  {i.e.,  "  valley  of  rocks"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad 
Real,  on  the  Jabalon.  Pop.  10,768.  The  town  is  cele- 
brated for  its  excellent  wines. 

Val  de  Fenas,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  4027. 

Valderaduey,  v4l-d4-r4-Dw4',  a  river  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Leon,  enters  the  Douro  2  miles  E.  of  Zamora. 
Length,  about  100  miles. 

Valderas,  v4l-d4'r4s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leon.  It  has  four  squares  and  several 
schools,  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  3412. 

Valderrobres,  v4l-d4R-Ro'BrSs,  a  village  of  Spain, 
Aragon,  province  and  62  miles  N.E.  of  Teruel.    Pop.  2026. 

Valdes,  v4rd5s,  an  island  on  the  coast  of  British  Co- 
lumbia, in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  lat.  50°  N.,  Ion,  125°  2'  W. 
It  is  the  largest  of  all  the  islands  in  the  vicinity,  and,  along 
with  Vancouver,  forms  the  continuation  of  the  gulf,  which 
is  also  called  Discovery  Passage. 


Valdes,  v41'dis,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  22,109. 

Val  de  Santo  Domingo,  v4l  d4s4n'to  do-ming'go, 
a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  clean 
streets,  a  town  house,  a  prison,  and  several  oil-  and  flour- 
mills,  also  dye-works,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  1869. 

Val  di  Chiana,  v4l  dee  ke-4'n4,  formerly  a  swampy 
tract  in  the  E.  part  of  Tuscany,  in  the  province  of  Arezzo, 
but  now  reclaimed  and  converted  into  one  of  the  most  pro- 
ductive parts  of  Italy. 

Val  di  Cogne,  v41  dee  k&n'y4,  or  Val  de  Cogne, 
v4l  d§h  kofi,  a  beautiful  and  romantic  valley  in  Savoy, 
opening  out  of  the  Val  d'Aosta.  It  is  remarkable  for  con- 
taining a  Roman  tunnel  or  gallery,  cut  in  the  rock  during 
the  reign  of  Augustus. 

Valdieri,  v4l-de-4'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  on  the  railway  from  Turin  to  Genoa,  17  miles  from 
the  latter.     Pop.  of  commune,  2498. 

Val  di  Mazzara,  and  Val  di  Noto.    See  Val. 

Valdivia,  v4l-dee've-4,  a  river  of  Chili,  in  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  flows  from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
which  it  enters  after  a  westward  course  of  120  miles. 

Valdivia,  a  province  in  the  S.  of  Chili,  extending  from 
the  Andes  to  the  sea.  Area,  7514  square  miles.  Capital, 
Valdivia.     Pop.  30,525. 

Valdivia,  a  seaport  town  of  Chili,  on  the  Valdivia  or 
Callacalla  River,  16  miles  from  its  mouth.     Pop.  3872. 

Valdivia  Port,  or  Corral,  kor-r4r,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Valdivia,  Chili,  lat.  39°  49'  S.,  Ion.  73°  19'  35" 
W.     It  is  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  Pacific.    Pop.  625. 

Valdobbiadene,  v4l-dob-be-4-d4'n4,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Treviso.     P.  4967. 

Valdos'ta,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lowndes  co., 
Qa.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad,  157  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Savannah,  and  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Quitman.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  5  schools,  a  bank,  and  8  churches.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1199;  in  1880,  1516;  in  1890,  2854. 

Valeene,  va-Ieen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Valeggio,  v4-lM'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.  of 
Peschiera,  on  the  Mincio,  where  it  leaves  the  Lago  di 
Garda.  Pop.  2018.  It  has  a  fortified  bridge  or  causeway, 
upwards  of  600  yards  long,  defended  by  several  lofty  towers. 

Vale  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  78  miles 
S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a  flour-mill. 

Valenca,  v4-ldn's4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  90 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Valenca,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  capital  of 
a  comarca,  10  miles  N.  of  Cayru,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Una,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1200. 

Valenca,  or  Catiiigninha,  k4-teen-gheen'y4,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy,  on  the  Catinguinha,  56  miles 
N.E.  of  Oeiras.     Pop.  3000. 

Valenca-dO'Douro,  v4-lftn's4-do-da'ro,  a  town  and 
parish  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  9  miles  S.E.  of  La- 
mego.     Pop.  635. 

Valen^>do>Minho,  v4-1{n'84-do-meen'yo,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Minho,  immediately  opposite  Tuy,  Spain.     Pop.  2509. 

Valen<;ay,  v4M6n»^s4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  on 
the  Nahon,  25  miles  N.  of  Chateauroux.  It  is  chiefly  re- 
markable for  a  fine  palace,  with  gardens,  where  Napoleon 
retained  Ferdinand  VII.  during  his  own  usurpation  in 
Spain.     Pop.  1842. 

Valence,  v4M6ns8'  (ano.  Valen'tia),  a  town  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Dr&me,  on  the  Rhone,  and  on 
the  railway  from  Lyons  to  Avignon,  57  miles  S.  of  Lyons. 
Lat.  44°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  53'  E.  Pop.  20,476.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  orchards,  vineyards,  and  woods.  Principal 
edifices,  the  cathedral,  with  the  tomb  of  Pope  Pius  VI., 
barracks,  citadel,  court-house,  prison,  and  theatre.  It  has 
a  communal  college,  a  public  library  of  20,000  volumes,  a 
school  of  artillery,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  a  school  of 
design,  docks  for  building  river-craft,  cotton  printing  and 
dyeing  establishments,  and  manufactures  of  silk  goods.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see. 

Valence,  the  French  name  of  Valencia. 

Valence  d'Agen,  v4M6ns8'  di'zhftu"',  a  town  ot 
France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  13  miles  W.  of  Moissao.  It 
has  noted  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  pens, 
and  ropes.     Pop.  3699. 

Valencia,  v4-lfin'8he-^  (Sp.  pron.  v4-l5n'the-4),  a 
captain-generalcy  and  former  kingdom  of  Spain,  on  the  E. 
ccast,  now  forming  the  provinces  of  Valencia,  Alicante,  and 
Castellon  de  la  Plana.  United  area,  10,269  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,401,833.  The  N.W.  part  of  the  region  is  covered 
with  arid  mountains ;  but  the  centre  presents  a  fertile  and 


VAL 


2703 


VAL 


well-watered  plain,  and  around  Lake  Albufera  are  exten- 
eire  rice-grounds.  The  soil  is  well  cultivated.  The  chief 
products  comprise  wine,  figs,  almonds,  olives,  and  excellent 
oranges.  The  sugar-cane,  hemp,  lint,  and  silk  yield  valu- 
able returns.  The  principal  mineral  riches  are  salt,  marble, 
and  potter's  clay.  It  was  first  colonized  by  the  Phoenicians 
or  Carthaginians,  who  had  established  many  flourishing 
settlements  in  it,  when  it  was  wrested  from  them  by  the 
Romans.  Under  the  latter  it  made  great  progress  in  civili- 
sation, and  was  one  of  the  most  tranquil  provinces  of  the 
empire,  when  it  fell  a  prey  to  the  Goths.  About  the  begin- 
ning of  the  eighth  century  the  Saracens  became  its  masters. 
In  the  eleventh  century  it  was  erected  into  a  separate 
Moorish  kingdom,  and  retained  its  independence  till  1238, 
when  Don  Jaime  I.,  availing  himself  of  its  civil  dissen- 
sions, completely  subdued  it,  and  incorporated  it  with  his 
kingdom  of  Aragon.     It  afterwards  passed  to  the  crown  of 

Castile,  and  has  since  followed  its  fortunes. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Valencian,  vi-lSn'she-an  (Sp.  Valenciano,  v4-16n- 
the-4'no).     The  Valencian  language  resembles  the  Catalan. 

Valencia,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Teruel  and  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  E.  by  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  S.  by  Alicante,  and  W.  by  Albacete  and  Cuenca. 
Area,  4352  square  miles.  Pop.  665,141.  Capital,  Valencia. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  in  the  W.,  but  level  and  fertile 
towards  the  Mediterranean.  It  is  watered  by  the  Jucar, 
Requena,  and  Guadalaviar,  and  their  affluents. 

Valencia  (anc.  Valentia  Edetanortim ;  Fr.  Valence, 
vI^IAnss';  It.  Valema,  vi-lfin'zi),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital 
of  the  ancient  kingdom  and  modern  province  of  the  same 
name,  in  a  fine  plain  on  the  Guadalaviar,  here  crossed  by 
5  wide  bridges,  about  2  miles  from  the  sea,  and  190  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  SQ"  28'  N.;  Ion.  0°  24'  W.  It  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  residence  of  a  captain-general, 
and  has  a  supreme  court  of  justice.  The  city  is  enclosed 
by  walls.  There  are  8  gates,  some  of  which,  with  their 
towers  and  machicolations,  are  very  picturesque.  The 
houses  are  lofty  and  gloomy-looking,  and,  with  few  ex- 
ceptions, the  streets  are  tortuous  and  narrow.  Of  the  pub- 
lic buildings  and  institutions  the  following  may  be  men- 
tioned :  a  theatre ;  various  hospitals ;  the  poor-house,  a  fine 
edifice ;  the  foundling  hospital,  &c. ;  a  university,  founded 
in  1500,  with  chairs  of  jurisprudence,  medicine,  and  phi- 
losophy, the  library  of  which  numbers  40,000  volumes;  a 
museum  of  natural  history,  chemistry,  and  physics ;  a  bo- 
tanic garden ;  the  teminario-conciliar,  where  theology, 
Greek,  and  Latin  are  taught ;  the  College  of  Corpus  Christi, 
founded  in  1586,  which  contains  many  fine  paintings  by 
Ribalta;  and  a  national  museum  in  one  of  the  suppressed 
convents,  containing  six  or  seven  hundred  pictures. 

The  cathedral,  built  on  the  site  of  a  temple  of  Diana 
and  a  Moorish  mosque,  was  raised  to  metropolitan  rank  in 
1492,  and  is  rich  in  paintings.  There  are,  besides  14  par- 
ish churches,  numerous  suppressed  convents,  the  most  re- 
markable of  which  was  St.  Dominic's,  nunneries,  a  mag- 
dalen  asylum,  hermitages,  a  handsome  custom-house,  a 
college  for  orphans,  a  normal  school,  an  academy  of  fine 
arts,  a  school  of  commerce,  a  chair  of  agriculture,  a  college 
of  advocates,  a  medical  institute,  with  various  other  educa- 
tional establishments,  an  episcopal  palace,  containing  a 
library  of  11,000  volumes,  the  silk  hall  or  chamber  of  com- 
merce (a  beautiful  Gothic  building),  a  noble  Doric  court- 
house, a  bull-ring,  a  casino,  a  hippodrome,  fine  paeeos  and 
gardens,  good  baths,  prisons,  and  penitentiaries.  The  cit- 
adel was  built  by  Charles  V.  to  defend  Valencia  against 
Barbarossa.  The  Glorieta,  with  its  fountains  and  statues, 
is  a  beautiful  promenade,  frequented  by  the  fashion  and 
beauty  of  the  place.  The  climate,  though  hot,  is  salubrious, 
and  the  city  is  resorted  to  by  invalids. 

Valencia  is  celebrated  for  its  manufactures,  the  most  im- 
portant of  which  is  spinning  and  weaving  silk,  in  which 
great  numbers  are  employed;  the  rest  comprise  sackcloth 
(the  exportation  of  rice  alone  requiring  about  50,000  sacks 
annually),  cordage,  hats  of  wool,  hair,  silk,  and  straw,  gloves, 
fans,  glass,  painted  tiles,  which  are  very  celebrated,  ordi- 
nary and  fine  woollens,  soap,  combs,  and  leather.  There 
are  also  foundries,  a  nail-works,  and  a  tobacco-factory  which 
gives  employment  to  more  than  3000  women.  The  harbor 
of  Valencia  is  imperfect,  and  its  foreign  commerce  has  de- 
clined. The  principal  articles  of  import  are  linens,  iron- 
mongery, drugs,  bar  iron,  planks,  and  colonial  produce; 
and  the  chief  articles  exported  comprise  corn,  rice,  silk, 
saffron,  almonds,  raisins,  and  oranges. 

For  its  opposition  to  the  French  in  the  war  of  succession, 
it  was  despoiled  of  its  liberties  and  wealth  by  Philip  V.  It 
was  taken  in  1812  by  the  French  under  Suchet,  who  held 
it  till  June,  1813.     Pop.  143.861. 


Valencia,  v&-Iin'she-%,  a  large  county  of  New  Mexico^ 
borders  on  Arizona.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande, 
and  is  also  irrigated  by  the  Rio  San  Jo84  and  the  Rio 
Puerco.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  a  range  of  moun- 
tains, which  some  call  the  Sierra  Madre,  and  is  ezten- 
sively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile, 
if  irrigated.  Indian  com,  wool,  and  wheat  are  the  ataple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  F^  Railroad.  Capital,  Los  Lunas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9093;  in  1880,  13,095;  in  1890,  13,876. 

Valencia,  a  post-village  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Dover  township,  near  Kansas  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Topekn. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Valencia,  v&-l£n'she-a  (Sp.  pron.  vi-Iin'the-&),  a  city 
of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Carabobo.  Lat.  10" 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  55'  W.  It  is  finely  situated,  covers  a  large 
surface,  and  has  an  active  commerce  with  Caracas  and  Puerto 
Cabello.  Pop.  36,145.  It  has  a  fine  market-hall,  a  steam 
sugar-refinery,  and  a  noble  old  church.  Not  far  to  the  E. 
is  the  extensive  Lake  of  Valencia  (which  see). 

Valencia,  Ireland.    See  Valentia. 

Valencia  de  Alcantara,  v&-ldn'the-&  d&  &I-k&n'ti- 
ri,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  on  a  height,  near  the  frontier 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Caceres,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Alcan- 
tara. Pop.  4751.  It  has  a  citadel,  barracks,  and  manu- 
factures of  hats,  linens,  and  leather,  and  is  supposed  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Contrasta. 

Valencia  de  Don  Juan,  v&-l£n'the-&  di  don  boo- 
4n'  (anc.  Coiaca  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Leon,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Esla.  Pop.  1748. 
Near  it  are  copper-mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Valencia  del  Ventoso,  vi-15n'the-i  dil  v4n-to'so, 
or  Valencia  del  Barrial,v&-lin'the-&  dil  baR-Re-&r,a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  43  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos. 
Pop.  3680.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  sacking, 
and  some  Roman  antiquities. 

Valencia,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  of  Valencia. 

Valenciana,  vi-l5n-se-3,'ni,  a  former  silver-mining 
town  of  Mexico,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Guanajuato.  From  1771 
to  1804  the  mine  yielded  an  annual  produce  of  $3,000,000. 

Valenciennes,  vi-liw^se-finn'  (anc.  Valentiana),  a 
fortified  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  on  the 
Scheldt  (Escaut),  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Mons, 
31  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.  Lat.  50°  21'  N.;  Ion.  3°  31'  E. 
Pop.  22,686.  It  has  a  citadel  on  an  island  in  the  Scheldt, 
a  fine  town  hall  and  belfry,  several  churches,  a  communal 
college,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  asylums,  barracks,  an 
arsenal,  a  public  library,  a  museum,  and  a  theatre.  Its  in- 
dustry is  very  various,  comprising  manufactures  of  batiste, 
linen,  lawn,  printed  muslins,  beet  sugar,  gold  and  silver 
tissues,  toys,  and  leather.  It  has  coal-mines,  blast-furnaces, 
forges,  rolling-mills,  distilleries,  dye-works,  and  glass- 
works, with  a  brisk  trade  in  timber,  coal,  and  agricultural 
produce.  Valenciennes  was  taken  in  1793  by  the  English 
and  Austrians  after  a  siege  of  six  weeks.  The  historian 
Froissart  was  born  here  in  1337. 

Valeni,  a  town  of  Wallachia.    See  Waleni. 

Valensole,  viMAN>»*sol'  (anc.  Va'lena  Sola'riumf),  » 
town  of  France,  in  Basses- Alpes,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Digne. 
Vermicelli  is  made  here.     Pop.  2182. 

Valentia,  France.     See  Valence. 

Valentia,  Valencia,  v&-lin'6he-%,  or  Kenmore% 
an  island  ofif  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Cahirciveen,  and  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
a  strait  1^  miles  in  breadth,  and  which  forms  the  most  W. 
harbor  in  the  British  Islands.  Lat.  51°  65'  8"  N. ;  Ion. 
10°  19'  W.     Length  of  island,  7  miles.     Pop.  2189. 

Valentia,  or  Valencia, a  town  at  theB.E.  extremity 
of  the  island  of  Valentia,  Ireland,  is  beautifully  enclosed 
among  brown  mountain-slopes.  The  harbor  is  deep,  capa- 
cious, and  completely  landlocked,  and  is  the  most  W.  port 
of  Europe.     Here  several  American  telegraph  cables  lani. 

Valentia,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea.     See  Dissex. 

Valentia  Edetanorum.    See  Valencia. 

Valentiana.    See  Valenciennes. 

Val'entine,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Grand  llapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Lu 
Grange.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Valentine,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Frederick. 

Valenza,  the  Italian  name  of  Valencia. 

Valenza,  vi-lfin'zi  (anc.  Ful'vii  Fo'rvtn,  VaUnW- 
num  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  miles  N.  of  Ales- 
sandria, on  the  Po.  Pop.  6587.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
entered  by  4  gates,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
soap,  and  leather. 


VAL 


2704 


VAL 


Yalenzano,  vl-lSn-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  S.  of  Bari.     Pop,  3940, 

Valenzuela^  v&-ldn-thwi'l&,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  from  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1169. 

Valenzuela^  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2086. 

Vale's  MillS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  in  Vin- 
ton township,  9  miles  from  Vinton  Station.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  saw -mill. 

Valespir,  v&^lfls^peen',  an  ancient  district  of  France, 
w\  icb  belonged  to  the  former  province  of  Roussillon,  and 
is  now  included  in  the  department  of  Pyr6n6es-Orieniale8. 

Valeswa,  India.     See  Balasore. 

Valetta,vi-15t'ti,Variet'ta,orLa  Valetta,  liv4- 
14t't&,  a  seaport  city,  capital  of  the  island  of  Malta,  on  the  N.E. 
coast.  Lat.  35°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  31'  E.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  a  long  neck  of  land  called  Mount  Xiberras,  which, 
with  the  mainland  on  either  side  of  it,  forms  two  large  and 
commodious  harbors,  one  on  the  E.,  called  the  Great  Har- 
bor, and  the  other  on  the  W.,  called  the  Quarantine  Harbor. 
The  unevenness  of  the  site  makes  it  necessary  to  keep  up 
the  communication  between  the  di£ferent  streets  by  flights 
of  steps,  forming  one  of  the  peculiar  features  of  the  place. 
All  the  principal  streets  are  wide,  and  well  paved  with  lava. 
There  are  also  spacious  and  handsome  squares  in  difiTerent 
parts  of  the  town ;  and  in  the  lower  part,  or  Marina,  are 
splendid  quays,  lined  with  elegant  edifices.  Besides  the 
town  proper,  Valetta  comprises  a  number  of  suburbs,  of 
which  the  most  important  are  Floriana,  Sanglea,  Burmola, 
and  Vittoriosa. 

The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include  20  churches,  of  which 
the  cathedral,  built  in  1580,  is  by  far  the  most  interesting. 
Along  its  mosaic  pavement  are  numerous  tombs  of  the 
knights  of  Malta,  represented  in  white  marble  and  in  full 
costume;  other  more  gorgeous  monuments  stand  around  in 
marble  and  bronze,  and,  among  other  pictures,  the  "  Be- 
heading of  St.  John,"  one  of  the  finest  works  of  Caravag- 
gio ;  in  a  chapel  are  deposited  the  keys  of  Jerusalem,  Acre, 
and  Rhodes.  The  other  remarkable  establishments  are  the 
Palace  of  the  Grand  Master,  now  the  governor's  residence, 
with  a  corridor  hung  with  portraits  of  the  knights,  and  an 
armory  rich  in  ancient  armor ;  the  library  and  museum, 
the  university,  the  English  collegiate  church  of  St.  Paul, 
founded  by  Queen  Adelaide  at  a  cost  of  £15,000,  the  ex- 
change, theatre,  the  military  hospital,  occupying  a  noble 
edifice  erected  by  the  knights,  the  naval  hospital,  2  civil 
hospitals,  several  auberges,  or  separate  knights'  palaces, 
some  of  them  remarkable  for  their  magnificence  and  the 
beauty  of  their  architecture,  the  dock-yard,  capable  of 
admitting  the  largest  man-of-war,  the  house  of  industry, 
the  extensive  barracks,  the  burial-grounds,  formed  out  of 
the  bastions  of  the  fortifications  around  Valetta,  the  great 
aqueduct,  extending  from  Citta-Vecohia,  and  the  botanic 
garden  in  the  suburb  Floriana. 

The  only  manufactures  of  any  consequence  are  carried 
on  at  the  creek  of  Sanglea,  where  merchant-vessels  are 
built  and  fitted  out  at  private  building-yards;  the  trade  is 
always  important  in  time  of  war,  when  the  strong  and  cen- 
tral position  of  Malta  makes  it  a  great  emporium  for  the 
trafiSc  of  the  Mediterranean.  Having  scarcely  any  re- 
sources within  itself,  Valetta  depends  on  other  countries 
for  the  chief  necessaries  of  life,  importing  corn,  oil,  and 
wine  from  Italy  and  Sicily,  and  cattle  and  horses  chiefly 
from  Barbary  and  partly  also  from  Greece  and  Albania. 
The  mail-steamers  for  Alexandria,  Constantinople,  &c.,  call 
here  regularly.  It  was  founded  by  the  Grand  Master  La 
Valette  in  1566,  occupied  by  the  French  in  1798,  and  taken 
by  the  English  in  1801.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
bishop.     Pop.  53,000. 

Valette,  La,  France.    See  La  Vallette. 

Valgrana,  vil-gri'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W. 
of  Coni,  near  the  Grana.     Pop.  2274. 

Talguarnera,  vil-gwaR-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Noto.     Pop.  9524. 

Valhalla,  val-hal'lg,,  a  post-oflSce  of  Westchester  co., 
N  Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  at  Kensico 
Station,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York. 

Val^hermo'so  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering- 
place  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Hunts- 
ville,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  the  Tennessee  River.  It  is  a 
winter  resort  for  invalids,  and  has  medicinal  springs.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  numerous  cottages,  and 
IS  surrounded  by  varied  and  attractive  scenery. 

Valiacuta,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Pulicat. 

Valk,  or  Walk,  vilk,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  90 
toiles  N.E.  of  Riga.     Pop.  2923. 

Valkenburg,  vil'k^n-bSSRQ^  (Fr.  Fauquemont,  fo'k^h- 


m6N»'),  a  town  of  Dutch  Limburg,  on  the  Geule,  and  on  the 
railway  to  Aix-la-Chapelle,  7  miles  E.  of  Maestricht. 

Valki,  or  Waiki,  vil'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern 
ment  and  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kharkov,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Donets.     Pop.  7630. 

Vail,  v511,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Stuhlweissenburg, 
about  16  miles  from  Martonvasar.     Pop.  1063. 

Vallada,  v&l-y&'D&,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Valencia,  on  the  Canolas.     Pop.  2433. 

Valladolid,  viria-do-lid'  (Sp.  pron.  vil-yi-Do-leen'; 
(anc.  Pin'tia),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Pisuerga,  at  the  influx  of  the  Esgueva,  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Palencia.  Lat.  41°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  42'  W. 
It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  entered  by  6  gates,  and  has 
many  large  and  decayed  dwellings.  Principal  edifices,  an 
unfinished  cathedral,  the  palace  of  Philip  III.,  hospitals, 
asylums,  barracks,  and  a  museum  containing  paintings, 
sculptures,  and  a  library  of  14,000  volumes.  The  uni- 
versity, one  of  the  best  in  Spain,  is  chiefly  celebrated  for 
jurisprudence.  Valladolid  has  manufactures  of  silk,  cotton, 
and  woollen  stufis,  jewelry,  hats,  linen  and  cotton  yarn, 
paper,  perfumery,  earthenwares,  and  leather,  and  a  trade 
in  white  wines,  madder,  silk,  and  olives,  raised  in  its 
vicinity.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  captain-general,  a  mili- 
tary intendant,  and  other  authorities,  and  is  a  see  suffragan 
to  that  of  Toledo.  Belad-Waleed  (or  Belad-Walid),  as  it 
was  called  by  the  Moors,  was  wrested  from  them  by  OrdoSo 
II.  in  920.  At  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century, 
when  it  became  the  residence  of  Juan  II.,  it  was  con- 
sidered the  finest  town  in  Castile;  under  Charles  V.  it 
was  adorned  with  splendid  edifices,  and  his  son  Philip  II., 
who  was  born  here,  gave  it  the  title  of  city  in  1596,  having 
induced  Clement  VIII.  to  elevate  it  to  a  bishopric  in  the 
preceding  year.  On  the  removal  of  the  court  to  Madrid 
it  began  to  decline.  Columbus  died  here  in  1506.  Pop. 
52,206. 

Valladolid,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  Area, 
3043  square  miles.     Pop.  242,384. 

Valladolid,  a  city  of  Mexico.    See  Morelia. 

ValMadolid',  a  city  of  Yucatan,  90  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Merida.  Its  appearance  from  a  distance  is  very  pretty,  each 
house  having  a  little  garden  in  front,  filled  with  trees  and 
flowers.  It  has  some  good  public  buildings,  a  fine  square,  a 
handsome  stone  church,  a  town  house,  an  elegant  aqueduct 
which  supplies  the  town  with  water,  and  a  cotton-factory 
built  of  stone.  Valladolid  is  noted  for  the  salubrity  of  iti 
climate,  and  is  much  resorted  to  by  invalids.     Pop.  4000. 

Valladolid  de  Comayagna.    See  Cohataoda. 

Vallata,  vil-l&'t&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  district  and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3742. 

Vallanris,  viPlS^eess'  (anc.  Val'Us  Au'reaf),  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  department  of  Var,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Grasse. 
Near  it  is  a  mine  of  manganese.     Pop.  3016. 

Val'lay,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  Outer  Hebrides,  co. 
of  Inverness,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  North  Uist,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  sound.     Length,  2  miles. 

Vail  de  Ujo,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Valle  de  TJjo. 

Valle,  a  township  of  .Tefi"erson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2816. 

Valle  Camonica,  Italy.    See  Camonica. 

Vallecito,  vil-li-see'to,  or  Vallicita,  vil-le-see'ti, 
a  mining  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  55  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  church.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Vallecorsa,  vil-li-koR'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Rome,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3903. 

Vai'le-Cru'cis,  a  ruined  abbey  of  wales,  co.  of  Den- 
bigh, parish  of  Llangollen.  It  was  founded  by  a  prince  of 
Powys  for  Cistercian  monks. 

Val'le  Cru'cis,  a  village  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.,  2  miles 
from  Columbia.     Here  is  an  Ursuline  convent. 

Valle  de  Abdalajis,  vil'yi  di  ib-di-li-neess',  a  town 
of  Spain,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malaga.    Pop.  3629. 

Valine  d'Auge,  France.     See  Auge. 

Valle  de  Hermigua,  vil'yi  di  fiR-mee'gwi,  a  vil- 
lage of  the  Canaries,  in  the  island  of  Gomera,  beautifully 
situated  among  lofty  hills.     Pop.  1827. 

Valle  de  Huajucar.    See  Calvillo. 

Valle  de  Santa  Anna,  vSl'yd  di  akn'tk  &n'n&,  a 
village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  about  40 
miles  from  Badajos.     Pop.  1780. 

Valle  de  TJjo  (or  Uxo),  vil'yi  di  oo'ho,  or  Vail  de 
Ujo,  vil  di  oo'ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.  It  has  potteries  and  dis- 
tilleries.    Pop.  7206. 

Valle  di  Fianona.    See  Fianona. 

Valledulmo,  vil-li-dool'mo,  or  Val-delP-Olmo, 
vil-d4l-ol'mo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  40  miles  S.B- 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  6996. 


VAL 


2705 


VAL 


r 


VallegiO)  vil-li'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Verona,  near  the  Mincio.  It  has  an  old 
castle,  and  a  remarkable  bridge  or  causeway,  battlemented 
and  defended  by  several  lofty  towers.     Pop.  2018. 

Valle  Hermoso,  vil'yi  fin-mo'so,  a  town  of  the  Ca- 
naries, N.  end  of  the  island  of  Qoinera.  It  consists  of  500 
bouses,  including  several  hamlets.     Pop.  4174. 

Vall^o,  vil-ya'HO  or  val-la'ho,  a  post-town  of  Solano 
CO.,  Cal.,  is  situated  on  the  northeastern  shore  of  San  Pablo 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Napa  Creek,  and  near  the  W.  end  of 
the  Strait  of  Carquinez,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  California  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  connects  it  with  Sacramento,  60  miles  distant. 
It  has  a  large  and  safe  harbor,  and  is  accessible  to  the 
largest  sea-going  ships.  It  is  built  on  the  slopes  of  hills 
which  rise  gently  to  the  height  of  100  feet  or  more  above 
the  level  of  the  bay.  It  contains  1  or  2  banks,  7  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  convent,  an 
orphans'  home,  a  grain-elevator,  and  printing-oflBces  which 
issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  a  post-office 
of  the  first  class,  several  flouring-mills,  shipyards,  shoe- 
factories,  (fee.  Large  quantities  of  grain  are  shipped  here. 
Here  is  a  United  States  navy-yard,  on  Mare  Island.  Yallejo 
has  manufactures  of  steam-engines,  boilers,  sash,  doors, 
blinds,  and  castings.     Pop.  in  1880,  6987;  in  1S90,  6343. 

Vallelunga,  vil-li-loon'gi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  5147. 

Tallendar,  vS,l-l§n-daR\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
S  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  3509. 

Val'lentyne,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  W.  of  Sunderland.     Pop.  100. 

Yalleraugue,  vfl,ri§h-rog',  a  town  of  Trance,  in  Qard, 
on  the  H6rault,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  3376. 

Valles,  v41'y5s,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  135  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  on  the  Tula.     Pop.  3500. 

Valle's  MineS;  a  post-office  of  St.  Frangois  co..  Mo. 

Yallet,  virii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1161. 

Valletort,  virton',  or  Saint  S^bastien  d'Ayl- 
mer,  s^n"  si^bisHe-ix»'dirmSr',  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lambton.  It  contains  several 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  175. 

Val  Levantine,  Switzerland.    See  Levantine. 

Vai'ley,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Loup  and  Middle  Loup  Rivers,  and  by  the  Union  Pacific 
and  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroads.  The  surface 
is  an  undulating  prairie.  Capital,  Ord.  Pop.  in  1880,  2324 : 
in  1890,  7092. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Stark  co..  111.     Pop.  1061. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  578. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836'. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  884. 

Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Skunk  River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.     P.  826. 

Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  about 
60  miles  W.  of  Humboldt. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  280. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  476. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  931. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  737. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,     Pop.  1001. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,    top.  487. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  521. 

Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky. 

Valley,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  at  Laclede  Station. 

Valley,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  near  the 
Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  1 2  miles 
S.E.  of  Fremont.  It  has  a  church,  2  grain-warehouses,  and 
a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Valley,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Phillipsburg,  N.J. 

Valley,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road (Newburg  &  New  York  Branch),  19i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Newburg. 

Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  Butler 
township,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Canton.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  834. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  724. 

Valley,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween Gettysburg  and  Hanover,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Hanover. 

Valley,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 


Valley,a  township  of  Armstrong  CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1821. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1165. 

Valley,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1061. 

Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex.,  about  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Valley,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 
-  Valley  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va., 
48  miles  S.  of  Webster  Station. 

Valley  Brook,  a  post-township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas, 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Lawrence.     Pop.  962. 

Valley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Valley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad. 
11  miles  N.  of  Wichita. 

Valley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va. 

Valley  City,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  111. 

Valley  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  Co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Ohio  River,  30  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Valley  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D,, 
on  the  Sheyenne  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 60  miles  W.  of  Moorhead.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Valley  Creek,  township,  Osage  co.,  Kansas.     P.  907. 

Valley  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Newport,     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Valley  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Bonham.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Valley  Cru'cis,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Valley  Falls  (formerly  called  Grasshopper  Falls), 
a  post-town  of  JeS"erson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Topeka.  It  con- 
tains 2  banks,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.  The 
river  here  affords  water-power.     Pop.  in  1890,  1180. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hoosic  River,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troy.  It  is  mostly  in  Pittstown  town- 
ship, and  is  sometimes  called  Pittstown  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  twine  and  mosquito-netting.     Pop.  782. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  and  Lin- 
coln townships.  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Blackstone 
River,  and  on  the  Providence  <fc  Worcester  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches,  2  cotton-fao- 
tories  (for  print  cloths),  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  5 
or  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Spartanburg. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Tygart's  Valley  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail 
road,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
several  saw-mills. 

Val'leyfield,  a  post- village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Beau 
harnois,  near  the  head  of  Beauhamois  Canal,  6  miles  S.S.E 
of  Coteau  L.anding,  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  large 
paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
3  hotels,  and  about  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  2000. 

Valleyfield,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  20 
miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Valley  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  in  m 
beautiful  valley,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  61J 
miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco,     It  has  2  churches. 
Valley  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 
Valley  Forge,  Illinois.    See  Villa  Ridoe. 
Valley  Forge,  a  post-village  in  Schuylkill  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River  and  the  Philadel 
phia  &  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Phoenixville,    It 
has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  soap-factory, 
and  a  chair-factory.      In  December,  1777,  the  army  of 
General  Washington  (about  11,000  men)  went  into  winter 
quarters  at  this  place,  where  they  suffered  severe  privations. 
Valley  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co,.  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River.     Pop,  119. 

Valley  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co,,  W.  Va, 

Valley  Fur'nace,   a    post-hamlet   of   Barbour  co., 

W.  Va.,  13  miles  S.  of  Thornton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Valley  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb. 

Valley  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 

the  Wheeling  A  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 

Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Valley  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W  »f 
Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 


VAL 


2706 


VAL 


Valley  Head,  a  post-oflSce  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Valley  Home,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Morristown. 

Valley  Home,  Virginia.    See  Back  Creek  Valley. 

Valley  House,  a  station  in  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Hamilton  and  Eaton,  .3  miles  S.  of  Eaton. 

Valley  Junction,  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  is  on  the  Des  Moines 
&  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Valley  Junction,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Miami  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Whitewater,  and 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &.  Lafayette  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Whitewater  Valley  Branch  of  that 
road,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Valley  Junction,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Hanover  Junction,  Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Bachman's  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  E. 
of  Hanover. 

Valley  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Valley  Lee,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Decatur  township, 
Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &>  Vincennes  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  i 
mile  from  Cook's  Corners  Station  on  the  Midland  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Valley  Mills,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Xenia. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Bosque  River,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  several  stores. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Valley  Mines,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  i 
mile  from  Wills  Creek,  and  3i  miles  from  Fort  Payne. 
Here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Valley  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Valley  of  Jehos'haphat,  Palestine,  is  a  mountain- 
gorge  immediately  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Jerusalem,  its  lower 
part  forming  the  bed  of  the  brook  Kedron,  It  is  covered 
with  sepulchres,  some  groups  of  which  have  been  named 
the  "  tombs  of  the  Kings"  and  "  tombs  of  the  Judges."  In 
the  valley  are  also  the  reputed  site  of  the  garden  of  Geth- 
semane,  the  village  of  Siloam,  and  the  fountain  of  the  Vir- 
gin, supposed  to  be  the  ancient  pool  of  Bethesda. 

Valley  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
in  Shirley  township,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Valley  Point,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Valley  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  7 
miles  from  Maiden.     It  has  a  church. 

Valley  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Valley  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ark.,  100 
miles  S.  of  Springfield,  Mo.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  wool- 
len-factory. 

Valley  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

Valley  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  19 
miles  S.  of  Marion. 

Valley  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co., 
S.D.,  on  the  Sioux  Falls  Branch  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of 
Sioux  Falls.    It  has  2  elevators,  a  public  hall,  and  4  stores. 

Valley  Station,  a  post-office  of  JefiFerson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.  of  Louisville. 

Valley  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Valley  Store,  Chester  co..  Pa.   See  Warren  Tavern. 

Valley  Stream,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  at  the  junction  of 
two  branches  of  the  same,  16  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has 
ft  church. 

Valley  Town,  a  post-township  of  Cherokee  oo.,  N.C., 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Murphy.     Pop.  1030. 

Valley  View,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 

Valley  View,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Good  Spring  Station. 

Valley  View^,  a  post-village  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Sherman.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Valley  View,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Marion. 

Valley  Works,  a  station  on  the  Southwest  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Connellsville,  Pa. 

Vallicita,  California.     See  Vallecito. 

Vallievo,  or  Valljevo,  vS,l-le-i'vo,  a  town  of  Servia, 
55  miles  S.W.  of  Belgrade      Pop.  3993. 


Vallo,  or  II  Vallo,  eel  vil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prOT- 
ince  and  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2486. 

Vallon,  v4ri6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardfeche,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Largentiere.  Pop.  1607.  Near  it  is  a 
cataract  of  the  Arddche  above  a  natural  bridge. 

Vallongo,  a  village  of  Portugal.     See  Valongo. 

Vallonia,  val-lo'ne-%,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Ind.,  near  the  Driftwood  or  East  Fork  of  the  White  River, 
and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Seymour.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Vallonia,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Vallonia,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  a  rail 
road,  at  Irwin's  Station,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire. 

Vallonia,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
French  Creek,  opposite  Meadville,  about  ^  mile  from  Mead« 
ville  Station. 

Vallonia  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
4  miles  S.  of  Afton  Station,  and  about  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Binghamton.     Here  are  medicinal  springs  and  a  hotel. 

Vallorbe,  v&lMoRb',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Vaud, 
near  the  French  frontier,  8  miles  W.  of  Orbe. 

Vallouise,v&rioo-eez',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute*- 
Alpes,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brianyon.     Pop.  1177. 

Vails,  v&Is,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles  N 
of  Tarragona,  in  a  plain  watered  by  the  Francoli.  Pop. 
12,655,  who  spin  cotton  and  woollen  yarn,  distil  brandy, 
and  manufacture  leather  and  soap.  The  French  under  St. 
Cyr  defeated  the  Spaniards  here  in  1809,  but  were  in  their 
turn  defeated  in  1811. 

Vally,  v&riee'  (anc.  Ad  ValUtf),a,  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  near  Thonon. 

Valmadrera,  v&I-m&-dr&'r&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  about  15  miles  from  Como.     Pop.  1987. 

Val  Melsolsina,  the  Italian  name  of  Misocco. 

VaPmont',  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  on  tho 
Boulder  Valley  Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  44 
miles  by  rail,  or  25  miles  by  wagon-road,  N.N.  W.  of  Denver. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  500.  Here 
is  a  remarkable  dike  of  basalt  or  dolerite,  1  mile  long  and 
about  300  feet  high. 

Valmontone,  vil-mon-to'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  3637. 

Valmozzola,  v&I-mot'so-l&,  or  Pieve  di  Valmoz- 
zola,  pe-i'v4  dee  vil-mot'so-lt,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Mozzola.     V.  2147. 

Valmy,  viPmee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Marne,  6  miles 
from  Sainte-Menehould.  Here,  in  1792,  the  Prussians  were 
defeated  by  Kellermann. 

Valognes,  virion',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  on 
the  Merderet,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Cherbourg.  Pop.  4910.  It 
has  a  college,  a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  clocks, 
blonde,  and  lace. 

Valois,  viMwi',  an  old  district  of  France,  now  com- 
prised in  the  departments  of  Gise  and  Aisne. 

Val ona,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Avlona. 

Valongo,  v4-long'go,  or  Vallongo,  a  village  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Minho,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  4002. 

Valooiki,  Valouiki,  or  Waluiki,  v&-loo-ee'kee,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  116  miles  S. S.W.  of  Voro- 
nezh, on  the  Oskol,  here  joined  by  the  Valooi.     Pop.  6070. 

Valor,  v4-1or',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  about  65  miles  from  Granada,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada.     Pop.  1240. 

Valparaiso,  v4I-pi-ri'so,  a  fortified  city,  the  capital 
of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  and  the  principal  port  of 
Chili,  is  situated  on  a  large  bay  in  the  Pacific,  90  miles  (or 
120  by  rail)  W.N.W.  of  Santiago.  Lat.  33°  1'  56"  S. ;  Ion. 
71°  41'  45"  W.  The  Bay  of  Valparaiso  is  of  a  semicircular 
form,  and  capable  of  accommodatiojHi,  very  large  fleet.  It 
is  well  sheltered  on  the  E.,  S.,  aniWL)but  is  entirely  open 
towards  the  N.  j  and  during  the  pl'BTttlence  of  winds  from 
this  quarter  in  the  winter  season,  accompanied  by  a  heavy 
rolling  sea,  the  shipping  is  much  exposed.  The  town  has 
a  very  picturesque  situation.  The  part  properly  called  the 
Port  is  built  on  the  lower  slopes  of  a  range  of  lofty  heights 
which  encircle  the  bay,  and  on  a  narrow  beach,  widened 
here  and  there  by  deep  cuttings  into  these  steep  acclivities. 
The  Almendral,  formerly  a  rural  suburb,  is  the  most  popu- 
lous and  active  part  of  the  town.  Here  the  base  of  the 
hills  is  farther  removed  from  the  sea  than  it  is  in  the  W. 
part  or  Port,  and  the  intervening  space,  being  quite  level, 
forms  excellent  building-ground.  The  environs  have  many 
fine  gardens  and  villas.  Of  the  public  buildings,  the  cus- 
tom-house (or  palace),  market-houses,  masonic  temple,  the 
police  barracks,  the  jail,  the  government  house,  the  public 
warehouses,  post-office,  city  hall,  exchange,  theatres,  the 
fine  churches,  convents,  and  hospitals  are  worthy  of  notic*. 


VAL 


2707 


VAN 


There  are  numerous  schools  for  both  sexes,  in  most  of  which 
the  English  language  is  freely  taught,  this  being  considered 
an  essential  branch  of  education.  Hotels  and  cafia  are 
numerous,  and  are  chiefly  kept  by  Frenchmen.  The  for- 
eigners in  Valparaiso  constitute  no  slight  proportion  of  the 
population.  The  English  are  the  most  numerous,  Xben  the 
Germans,  French,  and  Americans.  The  town  isf  Hy  with 
gas,  is  well  paved,  and  has  steamfire-engines  anJstreet- 
railways,  and  a  public  library^  Maiiy^rTEe  artisans  are 
European,  so  are  the  principal  houses  of  business,  together 
with  their  numerous  retinues  of  clerks,  and  this  gives  to 
the  foreign  body  a  standing  and  influence  it  possesses  in 
no  other  part  of  the  country  or  the  coast.  The  city  is  the 
greatest  commercial  port  of  the  Pacific  coast  of  South 
America,  it  having  an  import  trade  of  about  $35,000,000 
per  annum,  exports  about  $15,000,000.  During  the  Span- 
ish domination  Valparaiso  was  a  place  of  very  little  note, 
and  was  scarcely  known  to  the  world.  In  1819  the  popu- 
lation barely  amounted  to  5000  souls.  In  1866  it  was  bom- 
barded by  a  Spanish  fleet.     Pop.  97,737.      \WXoxa  V-  1?*^ 

Valparaiso,  a  province  of  Chili,  bounded  E.  and  S. 
oy  Santiago.  Its  W.  border  is  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area, 
1584  square  miles.     Pop.  178,523. 

Valparaiso,  val-p9,-ri'so  (local  pron.  varp^i-ra'zo),  a 
city,  the  capital  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Chicago  k  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  k  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
44  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago,  22  miles  S.AV.  of  La  Porte,  and  45 
miles  W.S.W.  of  South  Bend.  It  contains  a  court-house,  9 
oh  arches,  2  national  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
4  printing-o£5oes  which  publish  3  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers, a  high  school,  2  ward  schools,  the  Northern  Indiana 
Normal  School  (average  attendance  2000),  and  St.  Paul's 
Academy  (Catholic).  It  has  a  novelty-works  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements  and  other  articles.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2765;  in  1880, 4461 ;  in  1890,  5090 ;  last  directory, 
6660,  exclusive  of  2000  students  at  college. 

Valperga,  vil-p4R'g4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  3091. 

Vajpo,  vil'po,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Slavonia,  near  the 
Drave,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eszek.     Pop.  2800. 

Valreas,  viPri^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Orange.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  and 
oil.     Pop.  3186. 

Vals,  vil,  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Privas.  Pop.  1785.  Close  to  it  are  several  cha- 
lybeate springs,  much  frequented  by  visitors. 

Valstagna,  v&l-st&n'y&,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Vicenza,  on  the  Brenta.  Pop.  3676.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  Tyrolese  hats,  and  a  trade  in  charcoal. 

Valtanas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Baltanas. 

Valtellina,  v4l-tSl-lee'n4,  or  Valtelline,  vil-til- 
leen',  a  former  circle  of  the  Austrian  dominions,  consisting 
of  the  upper  valley  of  the  Adda,  S.E.  of  the  Grisons,  and 
now  forming  the  Italian  province  of  Sondrio.  Chief  towns, 
Sondrio,  Tirano,  Chiavenna,  and  Bormio. 

Valtierra,  vil-te-fiR'R&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  on  the  Ebro,  42  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     P.  1457. 

Valton,  vS,l't9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  in 
Woodland  township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Wonewoc.  It  has  a 
church. 

Valtournanche,  vartooB'niNsh',  a  village  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  1371. 

Valverde,  vil-vfin'di,  or  Valverde  de  Leganes, 
vil-vfia'di  di  li-gi'nfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2080. 

Valverde,  the  capital  town  of  the  island  of  Ferro, 
Canaries.     Pop.  4642. 

Valverde  de  Jucar,  vil-vfiR'di  d&  Hoo'kar,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  S.  of  Cuenoa,  near  the 
Jucar.     Pop.  1455. 

Valverde  de  la  Vera,  vil-vfiR'dA  di  1&  vi'ri,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Caceres,  12  miles  from  Jarandilla. 

Valverde  del  Camino,  v&l-vdR'di  ddl  k&-mee'no,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Huelva,  38  miles  W.  of  Seville.    P.  5460. 

Valverde  del  Fresno,  vil-vfia'di  dfil  frjs'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  55  miles  from  Caceres,  in  a  valley.  P.  1521. 

Valverde  de  Llerena,  vil-v^R'dA  di  !i-ri'ni,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Badajos,  10  miles  from  Llerena.    P.  1628. 

Val  Verdi,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.  P.  335. 

Van,  vin,  or  Wan,  win  (anc.  Arttmiiaf),  a  fortified 
city  of  Turkish  Armenia,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Van,  145  miles  S.E.  of 
Erzroom.  Lat.  38°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  40'  E.  Pop.  variously 
estimated  at  12,000  and  40,000.  It  stands  enclosed  by 
a  double  line  of  ramparts,  at  the  S.  face  of  an  isolated 
rook,  crowned  by  its  citadel.    It  is  ill  built,  but  has  several 


large  Armenian  churches,  mosques,  baths,  caravansaries, 
ka.,  bazaars  abundantly  supplied  with  produce  raised  in 
the  vicinity,  and  some  massive  and  remarkable  antiquities, 
which  have  been  attributed  to  Semiramis.  About  5U0  looms 
here  are  said  to  be  employed  in  manufacturing  fabrics  of 
cotton  imported  from  Persia,  and  these  goods,  with  rural 
produce,  constitute  its  chief  exports.     See  also  Lake  Van. 

Vana,  vi'ni.  Van,  or  the  Breck'nock  Bea'con, 
the  loftiest  mountain  of  South  Wales,  co.  and  5  miles  S.W 
of  Brecon.     Height  above  the  sea,  2862  feet. 

Van  A'ken,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  k  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  10^  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bound  Brook. 

Van  A'ken's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Saugerties  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Tivoli.  It  has  a  ohoroh 
and  a  stone-quarry. 

Van  Aistyne,  all'stin,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  k  Texas  Central  Railroad,  15^  miles 
S.  of  Sherman.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  about 
10  stores.     Pop.  in  1880,  213. 

Vanatta,  van-at'ta,  a  station  in  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  k  Essex  Railroad  (Chester  Branch),  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Chester. 

Vanatta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles 
N.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church  and  a  foundry. 

Van  Bachran,  vin  biK'ran,  a  town  of  India,  Bunnoo 
district.     Pop.  6178. 

Van  Brunt  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kings  co.,  N.T., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  post-office. 

Van  Buren,  bu'r^n,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  998  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Little  Red  River  and  two  of  its  branches,  named 
the  Owl  Fork  and  the  South  Fork.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
pine,  hickory,  chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. A  rock  called  millstone  grit  underlies  part  of  the 
soil.  The  Little  Rock  k  Fort  Smith  Railway  traverses  the 
adjoining  counties  on  the  S.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5107;  in  1880,  9565;  in  1890,  8567. 

Van  Buren,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  bor- 
dering on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Moines  River,  which  runs 
southeastward  and  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  It 
is  also  drained  by  Fox  River  and  Cedar  and  Chequest 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  of  the  white  oak,  elm,  hickory,  ash, 
sugar-maple,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  plenty  of  timber;  also  carbon- 
iferous limestone,  good  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Des  Moines  Valley  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  k  Pacific  Railway,  a  branch  of  which  runs  to  Keo- 
sauqua,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,672; 
in  1880,  17,043;  in  1890,  16,253. 

Van  Buren,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  6.S0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  drained  by  the  Paw  Paw 
River  and  the  South  Branch  of  Black  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  beech,  elm,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part 
of  the  surface.  Wheat,  maize,  hay,  oats,  butter,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  and  by  the 
Chicago  k  West  Michigan  Railroad.  The  Toledo  k  South 
Haven  Railroad  also  passes  through  this  county.  Capital, 
Paw  Paw.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,829;  in  1880,  30,807;  in  1890, 
30,541. 

Van  Buren,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Ten- 
nessee, has  an  area  of  322  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Rook  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  yel- 
low poplar,  wild  cherry,  <fco.  Indian  corn,  grass,  fruit, 
honey,  ginseng,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  A 
branch  of  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  k  St.  Louis  Railway 
runs  near  its  N.  border.  Capital,  Spencer.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2725:  in  1880,  2933;  in  1890,  2863. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the 
Little  Rock  k  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Smith.  It  has  6  churches  (2  colored),  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  steam  fiouring-mills,  a  planing-mill, 
a  broom-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2291. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.     P.  2048. 


VAN 


2708 


VAN 


Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Clay  cc,  Ind,     Pop.  5161. 

Van  BureUf  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     P.  1172. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.     P.  2123. 

Van  Buren^  a  post-hamlet  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Grant  co.,  Ind.,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1880,  1651;  in  1890,  1921. 

Van  Buren,  township,  Kosciusko  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1467. 

Van  Buren,  township,  La  Grange  oo.,  Ind.     P.. 1347. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.     P.  874. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     P.  972. 

V^an  Buren,  a  township  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ind.     P.  972. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     P.  1194. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clinton,  and  2 
miles  N.  of  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  Preston,  is  drained  by 
the  Maquoketa  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1325. 

Van  Buren,  township,  Keokuk  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  1036. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  902. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1431,  exclusive  of  Keosauqua. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in 
Van  Buren  township,  on  the  St.  John  River,  12  miles  from 
the  Grand  Falls,  and  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houlton.  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  922. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  P.  1879. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carter  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Current  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ironton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.     P.  2036. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.     P.  1288. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Stiles  Station.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by  Seneca  River, 
contains  part  of  Baldwinsville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3183. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1212. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  0.,  on  the  Portage  River,  about  8  miles  N.  of 
Findlay.  It  has  4  churches,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  tile-fao- 
tory.     Pop.  157. 

Van  Uuren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Van  Buren  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  8  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Van  Bu'rensburg,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  111., 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  plough-factory.     Here  is  Hurricane  Post-Office. 

Van  Bus'kirk,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Kill  van  Kull,  in  Bayonne  City,  1  mile  from  Centreville 
Station.  It  has  a  church,  chemical  works,  zinc-works,  and 
manufactures  of  sulphur,  paints,  oil,  Ac. 

Vance,  a  county  in  the  north  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  Virginia,  is  bounded  E.  by  Warren 
CO.,  S.  by  Franklin  co.,  and  W.  by  Granville  co.  It  has  an 
area  of  342  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  two  divisions 
of  the  Seaboard  Air-Line  Railway,  which  converge  at  Hen- 
derson, the  capital.     Pop.  in  1890,  17,581. 

Vance,  a  post-village  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  <k  Chattanooga  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Tuscaloosa. 
It  contains  Lee  Institute. 

Vance,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Santee  River,  about  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Vanceborough,  vanss'bur-riih,  a  post-village  and 
port  of  entry  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  in  Vanceborough 
township,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  at  the  southeastern  end 
of  Schoodic  or  Grand  Lake,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Calais.  It  is  on  the  European  <fc  North  American  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  hotel,  a  custom-house,  and  manufactures 
of  sole-leather  and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  329. 

Vanceburg,  vanss'burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Lewis  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  80  miles  above 
Maysville,  and  20  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  several  cooper-shops,  and  a 
manufactory  of  hubs  and  spokes.     Pop.  in  1890,  1110. 

Vancebnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  on  Hay 
River,  25  miles  N,  of  Menomonee.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Vanceville,  vanss'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  3  miles  from 
Brookfield.     Turpentine  and  rosin  are  made  here. 

Vanceville,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  26 
miles  W.  of  Old  Fort  Station. 

Vanceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Vanclevesville,  van-kleevz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Martinsburg. 


Vancouver,  van-koo'v^r,  a  city  of  Washington,  the 
county  seat  of  Clarke  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Columbia  River, 
6  miles  direct  or  18  miles  by  water  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad  and  by  several  lines 
of  steamers.  It  has  18  churches,  embracing  the  various 
Protestant  denominations  and  including  a  fine  Catholic 
cathedral,  2  banks,  a  city  electric-ligbt  plant,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  sash  and  doors,  bricks,  artificial  stone, 
ice,  and  pork-packing  and  brewery  products.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  College  of  the  Holy  Angels.  The  largest  sea- 
going vessels  can  reach  its  wharves.  Pop.  in  1880,  1722; 
in  1890,  3545 ;  in  1894,  about  6000. 

Vancouver,  or  Quadra  and  Vancouver,  kw&d'r^ 
and  van-koo'vfr,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Canada,  prov- 
ince of  British  Columbia.  Lat.  48°  19'  to  50°  53'  N. ;  Ion. 
123°  17'  to  128°  28'  W.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  278 
miles ;  breadth  varying  from  50  to  65  miles.  Total  area, 
15,937  square  miles  (about  half  the  size  of  Ireland).  On 
the  E.  and  N.E.  it  is  separated  from  the  mainland  of  British 
Columbia  by  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  and  Queen  Charlotte's 
Sound,  and  on  the  S.  from  that  of  the  United  States  by 
the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca ;  on  the  N.  and  W.  it  lies 
open  to  the  Pacific.  This  island  was  discovered  by  Juan 
de  Fuca,  a  Greek,  in  1592.  Captain  Cook  coasted  along 
the  western  shore  in  1778,  and  supposed  it  to  form  part  of 
the  mainland.  The  first  British  settlement  was  made  at 
Nootka  Sound  in  1778  by  some  London  merchants.  In 
1792  the  island  was  visited  by  Vancouver,  a  lieutenant  in 
the  British  navy,  who  surveyed  the  coast.  Up  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  Oregon  boundary  question  it  attracted  little 
attention,  when,  by  the  treaty  of  1846,  it  was  vested  in 
Great  Britain.  In  1849  it  was  granted  to  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company  for  the  purposes  of  colonization,  but  their 
control  ceased  in  1859,  when  it  became  a  British  colony.  In 
1866  the  island  and  the  mainland  were  united,  under  the 
name  of  British  Columbia,  and  so  continued  until  the  20th 
of  July,  1871,  at  which  date  that  colony  became  one  of  the 
provinces  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  Vancouver  Island 
is  noted  for  its  rich  coal-mines,  its  magnificent  harbors,  its 
valuable  freestone-quarries,  its  delightful  climate,  and  its 
forests  of  fine  timber.  Victoria,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  island,  is  the  capital  of  British  Columbia. 

Vancouver,  a  city  of  British  Columbia,  the  W.  term!- 
nus  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  is  situated  on  Bur- 
rard  Inlet,  an  arm  of  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  opposite  the 
town  of  Nanaimo  on  Vancouver  Island.  Its  site  was  % 
dense  forest  till  1885,  but  the  town  now  possesses  miles  of 
well-made  streets  lit  by  gas  and  electricity,  electric  trams, 
a  handsome  opera-house,  a  hospital,  3  parks,  many  good 
buildings  of  brick  and  granite,  extensive  wharves  and 
warehouses,  smelting-works,  Ac,  and  has  a  regular  steam- 
ship service  to  China,  Japan,  San  Francisco,  and  Alaska. 
Pop.  in  1891,  13,685. 

Vandalia,  van-da'le-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fay- 
ette CO.,  111.,  in  Vandalia  township,  on  the  Kaskaskia,  30 
miles  N.  of  Centralia,  62  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decatur,  and 
68  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia 
A  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  state.  The  seat  of  government  was  removed  in  1836. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  wool- 
len-mill, a  manufactory  of  farming-implements,  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory.    Pop. in  1880,  2056;   in  1890,  2144. 

Vandalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Spencer,  and  about  35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Terro 
Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Vandalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  about  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Vandalia,  a  post- village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis.  It  has  a  bank,  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  handle-factory.     Pop.  about  60(1. 

Vandalia,  a  post-village  in  Cuivre  township,  Audrain 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Mexico.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2 
churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Vandalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has 
several  saw-mills. 

Vandalia,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Butler  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Tadmor  Station  of  the  Dayton  A  Michigan 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  hubs,  and  spokes.     Pop.  313. 

Vandalusia,  Spain.    See  Andalusia. 


VAN 


2709 


VAN 


Yandemere,  r&n'de-meer,  a  post-village  of  Pamlico 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Pamlico  Sound,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newbern. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Steamboats  plying 
between  Newbern  and  Norfolk  touch  here. 

Vanderbilt,  Iowa.    See  Fairfax. 

Van'derbiltf  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Mackinaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
55  miles  S.  of  Mackinaw.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  500. 

Vanderbilt  Landing^^  a  sution  of  the  Staten  Island 
Kailroad,  on  the  coast  of  Staten  Island,  at  Edgewater,  10 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York. 

Van'derburg,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana, 
bordering  on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  230  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Pigeon  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  ex- 
cept the  level  tract  which  is  adjacent  to  the  Ohio  River. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is 
bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Evans- 
ville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  the  Louisville,  Evansville  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  divi- 
sion of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Evans- 
ville.   Pop.  in  1870, 33,146 ;  in  1880  42,193 ;  in  1890,  59,809. 

Vanderburgh  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  about 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 

Van'derpool,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Millborough  Depot. 

Van  Deusenville,  van  du'zQn-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  and  on  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  State  Line 
Branch,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  iron. 

Vandeusenville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  S.  of  Fort  Plain. 

Van  Diemen's  (vandee'm^nz)  Gulf,  Northwest  Aus- 
tralia, is  between  Coburg  Peninsula  and  Cape  Hotham,  and 
Melville  Island.  It  is  about  100  miles  in  length  from  £.  to 
W.,  and  50  miles  in  breadth. 

Van  Diemen's  Land,  the  former  name  of  Tasmania. 

Vandola,  or  La  Vandola,  \k  v&n-do'I&,  the  most  E. 
of  the  Admiralty  Islands,  lat.  2°  14'  S.,  Ion.  148°  10'  16" 
E.,  under  3  miles  in  circuit,  and  densely  peopled. 

Van  Dorn,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  49  miles  W.  of  Selma. 

Van-Dyke,  van-dik'  (Jost),  an  island  of  the  British 
West  Indies,  Virgin  Islands,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Tortola,  of 
which  it  is  a  dependency,  is  3  miles  in  length  by  li  miles 
in  breadth. 

Van-Dyke  (Little),  an  island  of  the  British  West 
Indies,  Virgin  Islands,  near  Tortola,  of  which  it  is  a  de- 
pendency. 

Vandyke,  van-dik',  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  oo., 
Del.,  on  the  Townsend  Branch  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Townsend. 

Vandyke,  a  station  in  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Van  Dyne,  van-din',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     Pop.  about  150. 

Van  £t'ten,  a  township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Utica, 
Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad.     Pop.  1735. 

Vaneswara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhobaneser. 

Van  Et'tenville,  a  post-village  in  Van  Etten  town- 
ship, Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayuta  Creek,  and  on  the 
Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  14  miles  by  air-line  or  25 
miles  by  railway  E.N.E.  of  Elmira,  and  20  miles  S.  of 
Ithaca.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.  Here  is  Van 
Etten  Station.      Pop.  about  750. 

Van'hill,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Rogersville. 

Van  Uiseville,  hiz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co., 
N.J.,  in  Jackson  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Bricksburg.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Van  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  N. 
•)f  Carrollton. 

Van  HornesTille,  homz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Stark  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of 
Little  Falls.  It  has  a  ohoroh,  a  grist-mill,  a  ootton-mill,  2 
hotels,  Ac.     Pop.  169. 

Vanikoro,  v4-ne-ko'ro,  Vanicolo,  vi-ne-ko'lo, 
Dfannicolo,  m&n-ne-ko'lo,  or  Pitt's  Island,  an  island 
of  the  Pacific,  in  the  Santa  Cruz  group.  Lat.  11°  36'  30"  S.; 
Ion.  166°  53'  24"  E.  It  is  30  miles  in  circuit,  lofty,  and 
covered  with  trees  to  the  water's  edge.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Van^kleek'  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  oo.,  On- 


tario, 29  miles  N.N.W.  of  RiviJre  Raisin,  and  18  miles  W.  of 
Pointe  Fortune.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
12  stores,  manufactories  of  pot-  and  pearl-ashes,  iron  cast- 
ings, cloth,  <fcc.,  and  steam  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  700. 

Vanlue,  van-loo',  a  post-village  in  Amanda  township, 
Hancock  co.,  0.,  on  the  Findlay  Branch  Railroad,  9i  miles 
S.E.  of  Findlay.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  about  400. 

Van  Me'ter,  a  post-village  in  Van  Meter  township 
Dallas  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  19  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines,  and  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Adel.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a*  floar-mill.  Pop. 
about  500  ;  of  the  township  (1890),  1772. 

Van^nat'ta,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  cotton-gin,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Vann'dale,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cross  co..  Ark., 
18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  several  stores,  a 
steam  cotton-gin,  and  other  business  concerns. 

Vannes,  v&nn  (formerly  Vennes,  vinn;  anc.  Dari- 
or'igum,  afterwards  Ven'eti),  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Morbihan,  near  the  Lagoon  of 
Morbihan,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Brittany,  61  miles  N.W.  of 
Nantes.  Lat.  47°  39'  26"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  45'  W.  Pop.  15,716. 
It  has  a  massive  cathedral,  an  ancient  castle,  now  the 
prefecture,  a  theatre,  several  other  public  edifices,  for- 
merly monastic  institutions,  3  hospitals  and  other  chari- 
ties, a  school  of  navigation,  a  communal  college,  a  public 
library,  manufactures  of  linens,  cottons,  lace,  and  leather, 
some  ship-building,  and  a  brisk  coasting-trade,  though  its 
port  is  adapted  only  for  vessels  of  small  burden.  In  the 
vicinity  are  traces  of  the  ancient  Dariorigum. 

Van'noy's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co,,  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Louisiana. 

Vannoy*s  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  oo.,  W.Va. 

Vann's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Yalabusha  co..  Miss. 

Van  O'rin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  township.  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  at  Williams  Station,  13  miles  W.  of  Mendota.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Vanosc,  vi^nosk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Arddche,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Tournon. 

Van  Port,  a  village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River  and  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  pottery  for 
stone- ware. 

Vans,  Les,  14  v5n»,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ard^che,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Largentifire.     Pop.  2513. 

Vanscoy'oc,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
A  Clearfield  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.  of  Tyrone. 

Vansickle's,  van-sik'^lz,  post-office,  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Vansit'tart  Bay,  Northwest  Australia,  is  E.  of  Ad- 
miralty Gulf.     Lat.  14°  S. ;  Ion.  126°  20'  E. 

Vansittart  Hills,  East  Australia,  are  N.  of  Liver- 
pool Plains,  near  lat.  31°  15'  S.,  Ion.  149°  50'  E. 

Vansittart  Island,  British  North  America,  is  be- 
tween Southampton  Island  and  Melville  Peninsula.  Lat. 
65°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  W. 

Van's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Rome. 

Van's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  24 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vans'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sempro- 
nius  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  r 
church.     Here  is  Sempronius  Post-Office. 

Vansyckle's,  van-slk'^lz,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati  A 
Martinsville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Martinsville,  Ind. 

Vanua-Valavo,  vi-noo'i-vi-li'vo,  Vanua-Levn, 
v4-noA'4-l4'voo,or  Sir  Charles  Middleton's  Island, 
an  island  in  the  Pacific,  belonging  to  the  Feejee  group. 
Lat.  (N.W.  point)  17°  10'  S.;  Ion.  179°  2'  50"  W.  It  has 
on  its  W.  side  a  spacious  harbor,  with  a  village  at  its  head, 
and  a  large  stream  of  water.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Vanves,  v5nv,  or  Vanvres,  vd.vv'r,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine,  1  mile  S.  of  Paris,  with  a  detached  fort 
for  the  defence  of  Paris,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.     Pop.  8812. 

Van'ville,  or  Bloom'er,  a  post-village  in  Bloomer 
township,  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  on  Duncan  Creek,  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill.    Here  is  Bloomer  Post-Office. 

VanVlack',  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Stayner.     Pop.  175. 

Van  Wag'ner,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Poughkeepsie  A  Eastern  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Poughkeepsie. 

Van  Wert,  a  western  county  of  Ohio,  bordering  on  In- 
diana. Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Little  Auglaise  River  and  several  creeks.     The  Su 


VAN 


2710 


VAl. 


Mary'a  River  runs  through  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
dense  forests  of  the  white  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white 
oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
uct*. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  <fc  Mackinaw  Railway.  The 
Miami  Canal  touches  its  eastern  border.  Capital,  Van  Wert. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,823;  in  1880,  23,028;  in  1890,  29,671. 

Van  Wert,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0., 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Port  Wayne  &  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lima,  and  32  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  sandy 
ridge'  which  is  raised  about  20  feet  above  the  adjacent 
plain.  It  contains  about  8  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a 
new  court-house  which  cost  $120,000.  It  has  2  planing- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  wool,  staves,  wagons,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2625 ;  in  1880,  4079;  in  1890,  6512. 

Van  Wert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  oo.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Van  VFinkle,  wink'^l,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of 
Cariboo,  British  Columbia,  12  miles  from  Barkerville,  and 
440  miles  from  S^ew  Westminster.  Rich  gold-mines  are 
worked  here. 

Van  Winkle's,  wink'^lz,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J., 

on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 

Van  Winkle's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  on 

White  River,  60  miles  from  Verona,  Mo.     It  has  a  floar- 

mill,  a  saw -mill,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Vanzaghello,  vin-zi-ghil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1131. 

Vanzago,  vin-z3,'go,  or  Venzago,  v4n-zi'go,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the 
Olona.     Pop.  of  commune,  1303. 

Van  Zandt,  zant,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  840  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Neches 
River,  which  rises  in  it.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.     The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  maize,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     It 
is  traversed  through  its  northern  section  by  the  Texas  & 
Pacific  Railroad.     Capital,  Canton.     Pop.  in  1870,  6494; 
in  1880,  12,619;  in  1890,  16,225. 
Van  Zant's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 
Vapincum,  the  ancient  name  of  Gap. 
Vaprio,  vi'pre-o,  a  town  of   Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Novara.     It  has  paper-mills.     Pop.  1051. 
Vaprio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  E.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  2246. 

Var,  var  (It.  Faro,  vl'ro;  anc.  Va'ru$),  a  frontier  river 
of  France  and  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps,  flows  S.,  then  E.  and 
S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  60  miles,  enters  the  Mediterranean 
at  Saint-Laurent,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Antibes.  For  the  last  15 
miles  it  forms  the  boundary  between  the  French  depart- 
ments of  Var  and  Alpee-Maritimes. 

Var,  the  most  S.E.  department  of  France,  bordering 
on  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  2773  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  288,338.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Var,  Argens,  and  Verdon.  Olive  oil,  oranges,  lemons, 
dried  fruits,  cork,  and  silk  are  among  its  principal  exports. 
The  grain  raised  is  greatly  below  the  quantity  required  for 
home  consumption.  The  principal  manufactures  are  of 
perfumery,  soap,  paper,  leather,  coarse  woollens,  earthen- 
ware, and  marble  goods.  Var  is  divided  into  the  three 
arrondissements  of  Draguignan,  Toulon,  and  Brignoles. 
Capital,  Draguignan.  ' 

Varades,  vl^rS.d',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6ri- 
eure,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  and  on  the  railway  to 
Tours,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  771. 

Varadin,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Peterwardein. 
Varaggio,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Varazzk. 
Varahanagar,  India.    See  Barxagorb. 
Varaita,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Vraita. 
Varallo,  vi-ril'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,   30 
miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     Pop.  2268.     It  has 
manufactures  of  iron-  and  copper-wares,  and  adjoining  it 
is  a  remarkable  hill,  the  Sacro  Monte,  on  which  are  a  hand- 
some church  and  about  50  oratories. 

Varanashi,  an  ancient  name  of  Benares. 
Varanger-Fiord,  v4^ring'gh§r-fe-0Rd',  a  deep  inlet 
of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  Russian  Lapland  and  Norway 
(Finmark).     Lat.  70°  N. ;  Ion.  28°  40'  to  31°  E.     It  re- 
ceives the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Enara. 

Varano,  v&-r&'no  (anc.  La'cus  Uria'muf),  a  lagoon  of  J 
Italy,  on  the  Adriatic  shore,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Peninsula 


of  Gargano.     Length,  5  miles;  breadth,  4  miles.    On  it* 
E.  side  is  the  village  of  Varano. 

Varano  de  Melegari,  vi-r&'no  dk  m&-l&-g&'ree,  a 
village  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Parma. 

Varapodio,  vi-ri-po'de-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Gioja.     Pop.  2410. 

Varaque,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Bcrkha. 

Varasdin,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Warasdin. 

Varazze,  v4-r4t'si,  or  Varaggio,  vi-rid'jo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Genoa,  with  a  harbor  on  the 
Gulf  of  Genoa,  and  some  ship-building.     Pop.  4394. 

Varberg,  vaR'b^RG,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Halmstad,  on  the  Cattegat.     P.  2664. 

Varco,  var'ko,  a  post-office  of  Mower  co.,  Minn. 

Vardaman,  the  ancient  name  of  Burdwan. 

Vardar,  varMar'  (anc.  Ax'ius),  a  river  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  after  a  S.  course  of  170  miles,  enter? 
the  Gulf  of  Salonica  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salonica. 

Varde,  or  Warde,  vaR'd§h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
Jutland,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ribe,  on  the  Varde.  Pop. 
2103.     It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco. 

Vardoe,  or  Wardoe,  vaR'do^^h,  an  island  of  Norway, 
in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  oflf  Finmark,  with  VAUDtEHUTrs,  the 
most  N.  fort  in  Europe,  lat.  70°  20'  36"  N.,  Ion.  31°  10'  E. 

Varedo,  vi-ri'do,  or  Varfe,  vi-r4',  a  village  of  Italy, 
about  8  miles  N.  of  Milan,  on  the  Seveso.     Pop.  1879. 

Varel,  fi'r§l,  a  town  of  Oldenburg,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Jahde  in  the  German  Ocean,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Breiien, 
Pop.  4377.  It  has  a  harbor  defended  by  the  fort  Chri»- 
tiansburg,  a  castle,  and  a  fishery. 

Varela,  v&-rA'l&,  an  islet  in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  60 
miles  E.  of  Delli,  Sumatra. 

Varenna,  vi-rfin'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Como,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lago  di  Como.     Pop.  1062. 

Varennes,  va-rennz',  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2216. 

Varennes,  viVfinn',  a  post-village  in  VerchSres  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  miles  below 
Montreal.  Its  beautiful  situation  and  mineral  springs 
make  it  a  summer  resort.  It  contains  a  church,  convent, 
college,  flour-  and  saw-mills,  and  6  or  7  stores.     Pop.  561. 

Varennes-en-Argonne,  v&Vinn'-zAn-aR^gonn',  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Meuse,  on  the  Aire,  19 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Verdun.     Pop.  1515. 

Varennes- Saint- Sauveur,  vi*rfinn'-8&N»-35VoR', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Sabne-et-Loine,  on  the  Sevron,  ar- 
rondissement  of  Louhans.     Pop.  278. 

Varennes-sous-Dun,  vi'r4nn'-soo-duK»,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et-Loire,  near  Charolles.     Pop.  1090. 

Varennes-sous-Montsoreau,  vVrSnn'-soo-m6N"'- 
soVo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Tours 
<fc  Nantes  Railway,  arrondissement  of  Saumur.     Pop.  2209. 

Varennes-sur-Allier,  viVinn'-silR-irie-i',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Allier,  18  miles  S.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1182. 

Varese,  vi-ri'si,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  13  miles  W.  of  Como,  E.  of  the  Lake  of  Varese. 
Pop.  5207.     It  has  thriving  silk-manufactures. 

Varese,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Chiavari,  near  the  Apennines.  Pop.  2552 1 
of  commune,  7546.     See  also  Lake  op  Varese. 

Vargas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bargas. 

Vargula,  vaR'goo-11,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline, 
two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Saxony,  circle 
of  Langensalza.     Pop.  1311. 

Varhely,  vaR^hSr  (Wallack,  Qradiatje,  gri-dist'yi),  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of  Hunyad,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Vajda-Hunyad,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  capital  of  Dacia, 
afterwards  occupied  by  the  Romans  and  named  Ulpia  Tra- 
jana,  of  which  some  vestiges  exist.     See  Udvarhelt. 

Varia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.  See  Veria. 
Va'rick,  a  post-township  of  Seneca  co.,  N.T.,  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Cayuga  Lake,  and  on  the  W.  by  Seneca  Lake, 
and  intersected  by  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad. 
Pop.  1731.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  East  Varick.  Va- 
rick  Post-Office  is  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester, 

Vari'ety,  a  station  in  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  15i  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 
Variety  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 
Variety  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Arrington,  and  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  distillery. 

Variety  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Augusta  co., 
Va.,  15  miles  W.  of  Staunton,  and  1  mile  from  Elizabeth 
Station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Varilles,  or  Varilhes,  vi'reel',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  5  miles  N.  of  Foix,  on  the  Ari^ge.     Pop.  2006. 
Vari'na,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 


VAR 


2711 


VAT 


Varinas,  a  town  of  Venezuela.    See  Barimas. 

Variou-B6*  Madagascar.     See  Nossi-B£. 

Varkhan,  vaR^K&n',  a  large  village  of  Turkish  Ar- 
menia, 22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bitlis. 

Varna,  or  Wama,  van'ni  (anc.  Odea'tua  f),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  the  Black 
Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pravadi,  47  miles  B.  of  Shoomla. 
Lat.  of  the  tower,  43°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  66'  E.  It  occupies 
a  gentle  height  on  the  N.W.  side  of  a  semicircular  bay 
formed  by  two  rocky  promontories,  and  is  surrounded  by  a 
stone  wall  10  feet  high,  which  is  loop-holed,  and  defended 
by  several  batteries  and  other  outworks.  It  is  wretchedly 
built,  and  the  whole  place  has  an  appearance  of  decay ;  the 
only  public  buildings  of  any  note  are  a  few  mosques  with 
tall  minarets.  There  is  no  proper  harbor,  but  the  bay, 
though  open  to  the  E.  and  S.E.,  affords  good  anchorage,  it 
being  sheltered  on  the  N.  and  N.E.,  from  which  blow  the 
most  dangerous  winds  of  the  Black  Sea.  Immediately  W. 
of  the  town  is  Lake  Denna,  formed  by  the  Pravadi  and 
other  streams  from  the  neighboring  hills.  It  has  been  pro- 
posed to  make  a  navigable  cut  connecting  this  lake  with 
the  bay.  Were  this  effected,  Varna  would  have  one  of  the 
best  harbors  in  the  Black  Sea.  Even  at  present  it  has  a 
considerable  trade.  In  1873  its  exports,  chiefly  of  grain, 
poultry,  and  eggs,  amounted  to  about  $2,700,000,  The 
Hungarian  army  of  Ladislaus  and  John  Huniades  was 
totally  defeated  at  Varna  by  the  Turks  under  Amurath  II., 
November  10,  1444.  The  town  was  taken  by  the  Russians 
in  1828.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Shoomla  and  Roost- 
chook.     It  is  a  Oreek  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1888)  25,256. 

Var'na,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  111.,  in  Roberts 
township,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago'  <fc 
Alton  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Lacon,  and  19  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Metamora.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  pump-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Varna,  a  post-ofiice  of  Saline  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Friend. 

Varna,  a  post-village  in  Dryden  township,  Tompkins 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fc  El- 
mira  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  mills. 

Var'na,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  near  Bay- 
field River,  12i  miles  W.  of  Seaforth.     Pop.  200. 

Varnavin,  or  Warnabin,  van-ni-veen',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  165  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kostroma. 

Var'nell's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  railroad  between  Dal'ton  and  Cleveland,  6  miles 
N.  of  Dalton.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Var'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  <fc  New  Orleans  Railroad,  26  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.  Cot- 
ton is  shipped  here. 

Var'ney,  or  Enniskil'len,  a  post- village  in  Grey 
CO.,  Ontario,  13  miles  N.  of  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  100. 

Varn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 

Varn'viHe,or  Varnesville,  vamz'vil,  a  post-village 
of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  at 
Varnesville  Station,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Royal.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  naval 
stores. 

Varo,  a  river  of  France.     See  Vak. 

Varoqua,  Vernon  co..  Wis.    See  Viroqua. 

Vars,  van,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Charente, 
8  miles  N.  of  Angoulfime,  on  the  Charente.     Pop.  1903. 

Varsand,  v6R'sh3nd'  O-Fazekas,  o-fi'zi^kosh',  and 
Uj-Fazbkas,  oo'e-fi^zi^kCsh',  two  contiguous  villages  ofj 
Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  3  miles  from  Simand.     Pop.  3800. 

Varsovie,  or  Varsovia.    See  Warsaw. 

Varta,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Warta. 

Varus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Var. 

Va'rysburg,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Sheldon  township,  on  Tonawanda  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of 
Attica,  and  about  9  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.  It  contains  2 
churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  cheese  and  carriages. 

Varzi,  vand'zee,  or  Varsi,  vaR'see,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pavia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Po,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Bobbio.     Pop.  2378. 

Varzo,  vard'zo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara. 
Pop.  2143. 

Varzy,  vaR^zee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nidvre,  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1932. 

Vasa,  or  Wasa,  v&'8&,  a  government  of  Finland, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  16,078  square 
miles.   Capital,  Nikolaistad.    Pop.  314,994.   See  also  Niko- 

lAISTAD. 

Vasa,  va'sg,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Vasa  township,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  13 


miles  W.S.W.  of  Red  Wing.    The  township  has  3  chorohes, 
and  a  pop.  of  1240. 

Vasa-Barris,  vi'si-baR-rees',  or  Irapirang,  ee-r&- 
pe-r&ng',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  province  of  Bahia, 
flows  E.,  and  unites  with  the  Sergipe.  The  united  stream 
runs  8  miles  farther,  and  enters  the  Atlantic. 

Vasdrhely,  or  Hold-Mezo  Vds&rhely,  hold-mi'- 
zo^  vi'shin^hfil*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Csongrad,  on 
Lake  Hodos,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Szegedin.  Pop.  49,153,  em- 
ployed in  raising  wine  and  tobacco.  It  has  several  well- 
frequented  fairs. 

Vdsdrhely,  or  Somlyo  Vdsdrhely,  shom'Io*  t4'- 
sh&B*hfiI\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  25  miles  W,  of  Ves«- 
prim,  on  the  Torna,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Somlyo  Moun- 
tain.    Pop.  1800,  who  raise  wine  and  tobacco. 

VAsdrnely,  Transylvania.  See  KEzni-VAsiRHBLT, 
and  Maros-Vasarhely. 

Vasatse,  an  ancient  name  of  Bazas. 

Vascongadas,  Spain.    See  Basque  Protikces. 

Vasconia,  the  Latin  name  of  Gascony. 

Vashka,  Vachka,  Vaschka,  or  Bashka,  v&sh'ki, 
written  also  V^yca  or  Vajka,  vizh'ki,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  government  of  Vologda,  lat.  62°  20'  N.,  flows 
N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Mezen.     Length,  200  miles. 

Vash'tel,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  oo.,  Tex. 

Vash'ti,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Vasilee,  Greece.     See  Euhotas. 

Vasilishki,  or  Vasilichki,  v&-se-lish'kee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Grodno,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lida.     Pop.  1497. 

Vasilkov,  or  Wasilkow,  vi-sil-kov',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kiev.  Pop.  16,597, 
among  whom  are  many  Jews. 

Vasio,  the  ancient  name  of  Vaison. 

Vasioogan,  or  Vasiougan,  vi^se-oo-g4n',  written 
also  Wasiugan  and  Wassiongan,  a  jiver  of  Asiatio 
Russia,  rises  in  the  E.  of  the  government  of  Tobolsk,  flowB 
E.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Obi  on  the  left,  about  30  miles  below 
Narym.     Length,  170  miles. 

Vaskut,  vish'koot^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bict, 
4  miles  from  Baja.     Pop.  4831. 

Vas'qnez  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39*>  60' 
N.,  Ion.  105°  56'  13"  W.     Height,  12,700  feet. 

Vassal  borough,  vas'sal-biir-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Vassalborough  township,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Kennebec  River,  about  12  miles  above  Augusta,  and 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  the  Oak  Grove 
Seminary,  2  churches,  and  several  factories.  The  township 
contains  North  Vassalborough,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  woollen  goods,  Ac.    Pop.  of  township  (1890),  2062. 

Vas'sar,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Vassar  township,  on  Cass  River  and  the  Detroit  <k  Bay  City 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  27  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Lapeer.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
baskets,  and  woollens.     Pop.  in  1880,  670  j  in  1890,  1682. 

Vassonras,  v&s-sd'r&s,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro.     Pop.  of  the  district,  4000. 

Vassy,  vis^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  on 
the  Blaise,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chaumont.  Pop.  2799.  It 
is  celebrated  for  the  massacre  of  its  Protestant  inhabitants 
by  order  of  Guise  in  1562. 

Vassy,  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  10  miles  E.  of 
Vire.     Pop.  722. 

Vastan,  v&sH3,n',  a  village  of  Turkish  Armenia,  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Lake  Van,  on  which  it  has  a  small  port. 

Vasto,  or  II  Vasto,  eel  v&s'to  (ano.  Itto'nium  f),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  31  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti,  and  IJ 
miles  from  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  10,093.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  a  spacious  market-square,  2  churches  (one 
erected  on  the  ruins  of  a  temple  of  Ceres),  8  convents,  hos- 
pitals, asylums,  a  handsome  palace,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  silks,  and  coarse  earthenware,  with  an  active 
fishery  and  a  large  annual  fair. 

Vasto-Gerardo,  vis'to-ji-ran'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Campobasso,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Isernia,  on  th« 
Trigno.     Pop.  2390. 

Vasvar,  or  Vas-Varmegye.    See  Eise^buro. 

Vatan,  vflHftN<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Issoudun.     Pop.  2045. 

Vate,  New  Hebrides.    See  Epatb. 

Vatersa,  v&t'^r-s^,  or  VTatersa,  w&'t^r-s^,  an  island 
of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  S.  of 
Barra,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  sound. 

Vathi,  or  Bathi,  v&'thee,  the  capital  town  of  th« 
Ionian  island  of  Ithaca,  on  the  S.  side  of  its  gulf  or  harbor. 

Vathi,  a  town  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  island  of  Samos, 
of  which  it  is  the  capital.     Pop.  4091. 


VAT 


2712 


VEE 


VatrenuS)  the  anoient  name  of  Santerno. 

Yatu-Lele,  vi'too-14'li,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  S. 
of  Viti-Levu.    Lat.  (N.  point)  18°  31'  S,  j  Ion.  177°  35'  W. 

VatZ)  Oder,  o'b^r  v&ts,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  the  Khine,  11  miles  S.  of  Chur. 
Pop.  813. 

Vatz,  Umter,  Sdn't^r  y&ts,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  5 
miles  N.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1101. 

Yaucliil)  a  town  of  Martinique.     See  Le  Vauclin. 

Vancluse,  v5^klUz'  (L.  Val'lis  Clau'aa;  It.  Val  Ghi- 
uaa,  vkl  ke-oo'8&),  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France, 
having  S.  and  W.  the  Durance  and  Rhone  Rivers.  Area, 
1328  .square  miles.  Pop,  in  1891,  235,411.  Surface  hilly 
in  the  E.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  ranges  of  the  Alps,  high- 
est point,  Mont  Ventoux;  and  the  soil  is  not  generally 
fertile.  Principal  products,  wine,  silk,  almonds  and  other 
fruits,  madder,  saffron,  and  aromatic  seeds.  Chief  manufac- 
tures are  of  silk  stuffs,  at  Avignon  and  Orange,  woollen 
fabrics,  perfumery,  confectionery,  printing-types,  and  glass- 
wares.    Capital,  Avignon. 

Vancluse^  vo^klooz',  a  post- village  of  Aiken  oo.,  B.C., 
3  miles  by  railroad  N.  of  Graniteville. 

Vaucluse^a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Vaucluse^  Fontaine  de,  f6i)<>H4n'  d^h  v5^kluz',  a 
village  and  remarkable  fountain  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  15  miles  E.  of  Avignon.  Its  scenery  is  pic- 
turesque, but  it  derives  its  chief  celebrity  from  having  been 
the  residence  of  Petrarch.  The  fountain  is  the  source  of 
the  little  river  Sorgues,  issuing  from  an  immense  cavern 
overhung  and  surrounded  by  rocks  and  mountains. 

Yaucouleurs,  vo^koo^luR',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Mouse,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Commercy.  It  has  forges, 
tanneries,  and  cotton-mills.     Pop,  2475. 

Vaud)  vo,  or  Pays-de-Vaud,  pi'e-deh-v5'  (Qer. 
Waadt,  Mt),  a  canton  of  West  Switzerland,  having  S.  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  W.  France,  and  on  the  other  sides  Savoy 
and  the  cantons  of  Valais,  Bern,  Freyburg,  Neufchatel, 
and  Geneva.  Area,  1244  square  miles.  Pop.  242,439, 
nearly  all  Protestants.  The  surface  in  the  S.E.  is  covered 
by  ramparts  of  the  Alps,  and  in  the  N.W.  by  those  of  the 
Jura;  elsewhere  undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Upper 
Rhone,  Orbe,  and  Broye;  it  comprises  Lake  Joux  and 
part  of  Lakes  Neufchitel  and  Morat.  The  raising  of 
3orn  and  wine,  and  the  rearing  of  live-stock,  are  the  chief 
branches  of  industry ;  and  the  best  vineyards  of  Switzer- 
land are  in  this  canton.  Salt  from  the  springs  of  Bex, 
marble,  coal,  sulphur,  and  a  few  metals  are  produced. 
Manufactures  unimportant;  transit  trade  into  France  and 
Germany  active.  The  French  language  is  spoken.  Chief 
towns,  Lausanne  (the  capital),  Vevay,  Merges,  Nyon,  and 
Avenches.  Vaud  holds  the  19th  place  in  the  Swiss  Con- 
federation. Previous  to  1798  it  was  subordinate  to  Bern, 
under  the  name  of  the  Pays-de-Vaud. 

Vaudreuil,  vo-drool'  (Fr.  pron.  voMruI'),  a  county  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  St. 
Lawrence  River,  and  on  the  N.  by  the  Lake  of  Two  Moun- 
tains. It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area, 
182  square  miles.     Pop.  11,003. 

Vaudreuil,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  24i  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a 
church,  convent,  saw-mill,  4  hotels,  and  6  stores.     P.  1000. 

Yaughan,  vawn,  a  post-village  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Big  Black  River  and  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.  of  Canton. 

Yaughan,  a  post-office  of  Gosper  co..  Neb. 

Yaughan's,  vawnz,  or  Waterville,  a  village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Windsor.     Pop.  150. 

Yaughan's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trinity  co.,  Tex., 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Trinity  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Yaughan's  Store,  apost-ofiBce  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Yaughanville,  vawn'vil,  post-office,  Geneva  co.,  Ala. 

Yaughn,  vawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  25 
miles  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Yaughn's,  a  station  of  the  Savannah,  Griffin  &  North 
Alabama  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Griffin,  Ga. 

Yaughn's,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta 
<t  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Yaughn's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Estill  co.,  Ky. 

Yaughnsville,  vawnz'vil,  a  mining-village  of  Ke- 
weenaw CO.,  Mich.,  in  Houghton  township,  about  15  miles 
from  Calumet  Station.     Copper  is  mined  here. 

Yaughnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  about 
11  miles  N.  of  Lima. 

Yaughnsville,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C. 

Yaugirard,  vo^zhee^raR',  a  commune  of   France,  in 


Seine,  forming  a  suburb  of  Paris  on  the  S.W.,  within  its 
fortifications. 

Yanlion,  Dent  de,  d&M"  d^h  v5Ue-ftN»',  a  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  Jura  chain,  in  Vaud,  4898  feet  above  the  sea. 

Yaunks,  Central  America.    See  Cape  Riyeb. 

Yausim,  India.    See  Bassiu. 

Yauvert,  voVaiB',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  N!mes.  Pop.  3936.  It  has  manufactures  of  brandy 
and  hats. 

Yaux,  vo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Rh6ne.     Pop.  370. 

Yaux^hall',  a  suburb  of  the  British  metropolis,  in 
Surrey,  W.  of  Kensington,  2i  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's, 
London,  comprised  in  the  borough  of  Lambeth,  and  con- 
nected with  Westminster  by  a  bridge  across  the  Thames 
950  feet  in  length.  Here  are  Yauxhall  Gardens,  numerous 
distilleries,  factories,  and  gas-works,  chiefly  along  the  river. 

Yauxhall,  a  suburb  and  gardens  of  Birmingham,  Eng- 
land, at  its  N.E.  extremity. 

Yaux- sous- Ch^vremonty  v5-8oo-sh&vVm6N«',  a 
village  of  Belgium,  province  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Liege,  on 
the  Vesdre.     Pop.  2630. 

Yavao,  vi-va'o,  or  Yavau,  vi-v6w',  an  island  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  18°  39'  2"  S. ;  Ion. 
174°  1'  W.  Length,  10  miles.  It  is  of  coral  rook,  well 
wooded,  fertile,  and  has  a  good  harbor. 

Yavitao,  v&-ve-t&'o,  an  island  of  the  Toobooai  group 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  23°  42'  S.,  Ion.  147°  50'  W.,  discovered 
in  1791.     Surface  elevated. 

Yavrzenczyci,  Russia.    See  Wawrzbmcztce. 

Yazabarris,  v&-z&-baR-Reece',  a  river  of  Brazil,  enters 
the  Atlantic  near  lat.  11°  S.     Length,  about  300  miles. 

YazeeVabad',  Yazirabad,  v&-zee'r&-b&d',  or  Wa- 
zeeVabad',  a  town  of  tha  Punjab,  near  the  Chenaub,  64 
miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Yeale,  veel,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  893. 

Yeai's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high 
school. 

Yeazie,  vee  z^,  a  post-village  in  Veazie  township,  Pe- 
nobscot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
5  miles  above  Bangor,  and  on  the  European  &  North  Amer- 
ican Railroad.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  810. 

Yecchiano,  vdk-ke-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  oi 
Pisa,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  6480. 

Yechingen,  vdK'ing-^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Bern,  on  the  Worblen.     Pop.  2558. 

Yecht,  v^Kt,  or  Wecht,  ^^Kt,  an  arm  of  the  Rhine, 
in  the  Netherlands,  branches  from  the  Old  Rhine  at  Utrecht, 
and,  after  a  northward  navigable  course  of  18  miles,  enters 
the  Zuyder  Zee  at  Muiden. 

Yechta,  vfiK'ti,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  and  28 
miles  S.  of  Oldenburg.  Pop.  2072.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linens. 

Yechte,  vfia't?,  or  Wechta,  ♦fiK'tl,  a  river  of  Prus- 
sian Westphalia,  Hanover,  and  the  Netherlands,  enters  the 
Zuyder  Zee  at  Genemuiden,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  90  miles. 

Yeckenst£Ldt,   f5k'k?n-st5tt\   a  village   of    Prussia, 

Srovince  of  Saxony,  government  of  Magdeburg,  S.S.E.  of 
sterwick,  on  the  Ilse.     Pop.  1260. 

Yectis,  or  Yecta,  the  ancient  name  of  Isle  of  Wight. 

Yedano,  vi-d&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  12  miles 
N.  of  Milan.     Pop,  1323. 

Yede,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Vode. 

Yedelago,  v4-dfiri-go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Treviso,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  6053. 

Yedeny,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Weiden. 

Yedinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Udixe. 

Yedrin,  viMrin"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
N.  of  Namur,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  1650. 

Yee'dersburg,  a  post- village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indiana  North  &  South  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.  of  Attica,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flourin^- 
mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  planing-milL     Pop.  (1890)  930. 

Yeendam,  vin'd&m,  a  village  of  tue  JNetnerlands,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  of  commune,  9858. 

Yeenendaal,  vi'nen-d|r,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Am- 
sterdam &  Arnhem  Railway.     Pop.  3018. 

Yeer,  vain,  formerly  Kampveer,  kimp'vaiK,  a  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zeeland,  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Walcheren.     Pop.  912. 

Yeeran-Shehr,  or  Yiran-Shehr,  ve-r3,n'sh5h'r,  a 
ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  58  miles  E.  of  Kaisareeyeh.  It 
has  some  remains,  and  excavations  in  the  adjacent  rocks. 


\r. 


VEE 


2713 


VEL 


Vee'rumganm',  or  Yiramgaon,  ve-rQm-gaw'^n,  a 
town  of  India,  district  and  40  miles  W.  of  Ahmedabad. 
Pop.  19,661. 

Vefsen,  vfifs^n,  a  river  rising  in  Sweden,  and  trav- 
ersing Norway,  enters  the  Atlantic.     Length,  90  miles. 

Vega,  ve'gg,,  a  station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Gilroy,  Cal.,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Castroville. 

Vega,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 

Vega,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  0.,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Jackson.     Pop.  65. 

Vega,  La,  13,  vk'gi,,  a  town  of  Hayti,  78  miles  N.W.  of 
St.  Dopiingo,  in  an  elevated  region,  on  the  site  of  a  city  of 
the  same  name,  ruined  by  an  earthquake  in  1564. 

Vega  de  San  Mateo,  Canaries.    See  San  Mateo. 

Vega  de  Santa  Brigida,  vi'gi  di  s3,n't&  bre- 
Hee'oS.,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  Gran  Canaria,  in  the 
centre  of  the  island. 

Vega  de  Tetir,  Canaries.    See  Tetir. 

Vegen,  vi'gh^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  province  of 
Tromsoe,  15  miles  off  the  coast,  lat.  65°  44'  N,,  about  30 
miles  in  circumference. 

Vegesack,  vi'gh§h-sik\  a  town  of  Germany,  territory 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  3593. 
It  has  ship-building  docks  and  an  active  trade. 

Veglia,  vkVyh  or  vSl'yi,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic,  com- 
prised in  the  Austrian  province  of  Kiistenland,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Quarnero,  E.  of  Istria,  separated  from  the  Hungarian 
Littorale  and  Croatia  by  the  Channel  of  Morlacca,  and 
having  S.W.  the  island  of  Cherso,  3  miles  distant.  Length, 
23  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  12  miles.  Pop.  16,755.  Sur- 
face mountainous,  sterile  in  the  N.  and  E.,  fertile  elsewhere. 
It  produces  timber,  wine,  silk,  fruits,  marble,  salt,  and  much 
live-stock.  Grain  is  imported  from  Croatia.  The  fisheries 
are  important.  Veglia,  the  capital  town  of  the  island,  on 
its  S.W.  side,  has  a  small  harbor.     Pop.  1559. 

Veglie,  vil'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Brindisi,     Pop.  1965. 

Veile,  or  Weile,  vi'l^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  Jutland, 
on  the  Veile,  at  the  head  of  the  Veilefiord,  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Fredericia.     Pop.  6092. 

Veilefiord,  vi'l§h-fe-oRd',  is  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Jutland,  15  miles  in  length,  and  4  miles  in  breadth  at  its 
entrance. 

Veitsburg,  veets'burg,  post-office,  Neosho  co.,  Kansas. 

Veitshochcim,  vit'sho-Kime',  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
in  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1422. 

Vejer  (or  Bejer,  bi-Haiu')  de  la  Frontera,  vi- 
HaiR'  dk  li  fron-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  Barbate.  Pop.  7662.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  sacking. 

Vela,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela.    See  La  Vela. 

Velaine,  v§h-lin',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
1  mile  S.  of  Namur,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  1882. 

Velaines,  v§h-lin',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tournai.     Pop.  2214. 

Velasco,  ve-lis'ko  (Sp.  pron.  vi-lS.s'ko),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Brazos  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston. 

Velate,  vk-Wtk,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1254. 

Velanr,  ve-lawr',  a  river  of  India,  presidency  of  Mad- 
ras, rises  in  lat.  10°  28'  N.,  Ion.  78°  21'  E.,  flows  E.  through 
Madura  and  Tanjore,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal  in 
lat.  10°  6'  N.,  Ion.  79°  17'  E. 

Velaur,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  the  East  Ghauts,  in 
South  Arcot,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal 
near  Porto  Novo,  in  lat.  11°  29'  N.,  Ion.  79°  60'  E. 

Velay,  v^h-li',  an  old  province  of  France,  now  com- 
prised in  Haute-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Le  Puy. 

Velazgherd,  vi-lS,z-gh§rd',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Kerman,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Gombroon. 

Velbert,  v5I-bfiRt',  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  of 
Dusseldorf,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Barmen.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  hardware  and  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  7282. 

Vele,  a  river  of  Prance.    See  Vesle. 

Veleia,  Italy.    See  Velleia. 

Vel  estina,  vi-lfls-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Thessaly, 
10  miles  W,  of  Volo. 

Velez,  vi'lSs  or  vi'lSth,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  60  miles  N.  of  Tunja,  lat.  6°  10'  N.,  Ion.  73°  60' 
W.,  on  the  Sarabita.     Pop.  8000. 

Velez  Blanco,  vi'lSth  blin'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  3061.     R  has 
oil-mills,  tile-works,  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  hats, 
and  soap,  and  a  trade  in  excellent  wool. 
171 


Velez  de  Benandalla,  v&'lith  dk  b&-n8w-D&I'yi,  % 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Granada. 
It  has  oil-mills.     Pop.  3243. 

Velez  de  Gomera,  v&'lith  dk  go-m&'r&,  or  BadiSf 
bi-deece'  (anc.  Parietinaf),  a  town  of  Morocco,  province 
of  Fez,  with  a  fort  on  the  Mediterranean,  65  miles  S.E.  of 
Ceuta.  It  is  situated  between  two  high  mountains,  and 
contains  about  700  houses. 

Velez  Malaga,  v&'lSth  mk'\k-gk  (anc.  Menola),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga,  on  the 
river  Velez,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean.  Pop. 
12,523.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  at  the  foot  of  steep 
mountains,  and  its  spires  and  convents  are  clustered  around 
a  Moorish  castle,  now  in  ruins.  Its  trade  has  greatly  de- 
clined, and  its  roadstead,  defended  by  a  castle,  is  indifferent. 

Velez  Rubio,  vi'lSth  roo'be-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.  Pop.  6148,  who 
manufacture  woollen  fabrics.  It  is  clustered  around  a  cas- 
tle, and  near  it  are  chalybeate  springs. 

Veiha,  v£l'y&,  a  lofty  and  extensive  serra  in  BraEilian 
Guiana,  between  the  ParA  and  the  Amazon. 

Velhas,  Rio  sas,  ree'o.dis  vil'y&s,  or  Gnaicahiy 
gwi-koo-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  rises 
in  the  N.  slope  of  the  Serra  Paraupeba,  flows  E.,  and  joint 
the  Sao  Francisco  on  the  left. 

Vely ,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Velizh. 

Velikaia,  vi-le-ki'i,  a  river  of  Russia,  chiefly  in  the 
government  of  Pskov,  flows  N.  past  Opotchka,  Ostrov,  and 
Pskov,  and  enters  the  Lake  of  Pskov  at  its  S.E.  extremity, 
after  a  course  of  160  miles.     It  is  large  and  rapid. 

Velikee-Looki,  or  Veliki-Iionki,  vi'lee'kee-loo'- 
kee  (the  "  large  meadow"),  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  132  miles  S.E.  of  Pskov,  on  the  Lovat.  Pop.  5714.  It 
has  many  factories,  chiefly  for  leather. 

Veliki  Novgorod,  Russia.    See  Novgorod. 

Veliki  listing,  Russia.    See  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Velilla  de  Ebro,  v^-leel'yd,  dk  k'bro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1316. 

Velille,  vd,-leel'yi,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  70 
miles  S.  of  Cuzco. 

Velino,  vi-lee'no  (anc.  Veli'nus),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rising  on  the  N.  declivity  of  Monte  Velino,  flows  N.N.W. 
past  Rieti  to  join  the  river  Nera,  in  Umbria,  4  miles  E.  of 
Terni.  Length,  about  54  miles,  in  which  it  has  some  rapid 
descents.  The  falls  of  the  Velino,  called  the  Cascata  del 
Marmore  (kis-ki'tS,  dSl  maR'mo-ri),  near  its  junction 
with  the  Nera,  are  celebrated  as  among  the  finest  cascades 
in  the  world,  and  curious  as  being  artificial  for  drainage. 
They  consist  of  three  separate  leaps.     Height,  850  feet. 

Velino,  Monte,  mon'ti  vi-lee'no,  a  mountain  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  N.W.  of  Lake  Fuoine,  is 
8174  feet  high,  and  one  of  the  principal  summits  of  the 
Apennines. 

Velizh,  Velish,  or  Velij,  v4-lizh'  or  v4-leezh'  (Pol. 
Wieliz,  ♦e-i'lish),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  47 
miles  N.E.  of  Vitebsk,  on  the  Diina.  Pop.  7858.  It  has 
a  citadel,  and  considerable  exports  of  corn,  hemp,  and  lin- 
seed to  Riga. 

Vellano,  vfil-li'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Val  di 
Nievole,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pescia.     Pop.  2939. 

Vellannodunum,  France.    See  Beaune. 

Vellaur,  vfil-lawr',  a  river  of  British  India,  presidenoj 
of  Madras,  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  30  miles  S.  of  Pondi- 
cherry,  after  an  eastward  course  of  100  miles. 

Vellebitz,  or  Vellebith,  Austria.    See  Morlacca. 

Velleia,  v5l-li'yl,  or  Veleia,  vi-l4'yi,  a  buried  city 
of  antiquity,  "  the  Pompeii  of  Northern  Italy,"  province  of 
Parma,  on  the  Nura,  18  miles  S.  of  Piacenza.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  submerged  by  the  crumbling  of  an  ad- 
jacent mountain  about  the  end  of  the  third  century,  and 
it  remained  concealed  till  the  year  1760,  when,  and  subse- 
quently, an  amphitheatre,  temples,  a  forum,  and  many 
dwellings  were  discovered. 

Velletri,  v5l-14'tree  (anc.  Velttrse),  a  town  of  Italy,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  13,584,  mostly  agricultural.  It 
stands  on  a  height,  commanding  fine  views  of  the  Campagna 
and  Pontine  Marshes,  and  has  a  town  hall,  constructed  by 
Bramante.  The  Borgian  Museum,  now  in  Naples,  waa 
originally  formed  in  the  Borgian  Palace  here.  Velitrss 
vras  an  important  city  of  the  Volsci,  and  the  original  resi- 
dence of  the  Octavian  family.  Augustus  is  believed  to 
have  been  born  here,  B.C.  63. 

Vellore,  vfiPlSr',  a  town  and  fort  of  British  India, 

f)residency  of  Madras,  15  miles  W.  of  Arcot.  The  fort  la 
arge,  and  contains  spacious  barracks,  handsome  quarters 
and  a  curious  pagoda.  The  town,  immediately  ^utbward, 
and  connected  to  the  fort  by  outworks,  is  als«  large  and 


VEL 


2714 


VEN 


populous.  Vellore  was  the  residenoe  of  Tippoo  Saib's  fam- 
ily from  1799  to  1806.     Pop.  38,022. 

Vellore,  vel-l5r',  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3J 
miles  from  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Velonia,  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     See  Vallonia. 

Velp,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Wis. 

Velsique-Ruddershoven,  vSrse-k^h-rood'd^rs-ho^- 
v^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  lOi  miles  S. 
of  Ghent.     Pop.  2393. 

Yelsk,  vfilsk,  or  Yiatlsk,  ve-itlsk',  a  town  of  Eussia, 
government  and  130  miles  N.E.  of  Vologda,  on  the  Vaga, 
here  joined  by  the  Vel.     Pop.  1362. 

Veltchistern,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Vusitrin. 

Velthem-Beyssem,  vSlt'h^m-bais's^m,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Brabant,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  1138. 

Veltspurg,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Feldsberg. 

Yeluchi,  v4-loo'Kee  (anc.  Tymphres'tua),  the  principal 
summit  of  Mount  (Eta,  North  Greece,  N.E.  of  the  village 
of  Karpenisi,  and  7601  feet  in  elevation. 

Veluwe,  vi-loo'vi,  a  district  of  the  Netherlands,  form- 
ing the  N.W.  part  of  Gelderland,  and  comprised  between 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  the  Yssel,  and  the  Rhine. 

Velzen,  vSlt'sSn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  North  Holland,  on  the  Y,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2461. 

Vem'entry,  one  of  the  small  Shetland  Islands,  Scot- 
land, 5i  miles  E.  of  Papa-Stour,  on  the  S.  side  of  St.  Mag- 
nus Bay.     It  has  good  pasture-land. 

Venachoir  (or  Vennachar),  Loch ,  Iok  v5n-nl-Kar', 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Teith,  2J 
miles  S.W.  of  Callander,  3i  miles  long. 

Yenado,  vi-ni'no,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  45 
miles  N.  of  San  Luis  Potosi.     Pop.  8000. 

Yenado  (ven-i'do)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  12,800  feet. 

Yenafro,  vi-ni'fro  (anc.  Vena'/rum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Capua.  It  has  a 
cathedral.     Pop.  4461. 

Yenaissin,  v§h-nis^siN»',  an  old  county  of  France,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Rhone,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Pope, 
and  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Vaucluse. 

Yenango,  ve-nang'go,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  655  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Alleghany  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
French  (or  Venango)  Creek  and  Oil  and  Sugar  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  uplands,  hills,  and  narrow  valleys 
worn  by  the  river  and  creeks.  Forests  of  the  hickory, 
beech,  elm,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part 
of  its  area.  Tbe  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Hay,  butter,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Petroleum  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is 
obtained  by  boring  deep  wells  through  strata  of  sandstone 
near  Oil  Creek.  Bituminous  coal  and  limestone  are  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Franklin  Branch  of  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad  at  Oil  City,  in  this 
county.    The  Oil  City  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 

fan  Southern  Railroad  terminates  at  Oil  City.  Capital, 
ranklin.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,925  j  in  1880,  43,670 ;  in  1890, 
46,640. 

Yenango,  a  post-village  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  near 
the  Smoky  Hill  River,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Salina. 

Yenango,  a  post-village  of  Perkins  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
Grant. 

Yenango,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.    Pop.  902. 

Yenango,  a  post-borough  in  Venango  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great 
Western  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Meadville.  It  contains 
an  academy,  4  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  318  ;  of  the  township,  623. 

Yenango,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1370. 

Venango  City,  a  borough  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  opposite  Oil  City.  Pop. 
1550.     The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  South  Oil  City. 

Yenango  Creek,  Pennsylvania.   See  French  Creek. 

Yenaria  (or  Yeneria,  vi-ni're-1)  Reale,  vi-n8,'re-i 
r&-&'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Turin.     It  has  a  royal  palace  and  a  silk-factory.     P.  4304. 

Yenasca,  vi-nis'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Saluzzo,  on  the  Vraita.     Pop.  2691. 

Yenasqne,  vi-nis'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
54  miles  N.E.  of  Huesca,  near  the  French  frontier.  It  has 
a  fort,  a  custom-house,  and  medicinal  springs. 

Yencatigherry,  v6n-kS,-te-gh5r'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Madras,  district  and  43  miles  S.W.  of  Nellore.    P.  7524. 


Yence,  vftNss  (anc.  Vin'eium  f),  a  town  of  France,  Ib 
Alpes-Maritimes,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Qrasse.  Pop.  2401.  It 
is  noted  for  figs,  and  has  manufactures  of  leather,  paper, 
perfumery,  oil,  and  soap. 

Yence,  a  river  of  France.    See  Ardennes. 

Yenda  Grande,  vdn'dS,  gr&n'di,  a  village  on  th* 
coast  of  Brazil,  state  and  8  miles  from  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Yendfee,  or  La  Vendue,  1&  v6N»Mi',  a  river  of  France, 
giving  name  to  a  department,  the  S.E.  part  of  which  it  trav- 
erses, rises  in  the  Forest  of  Chantemerle,  department  of 
Deux-SSvres,  flows  S.W.  past  Fontenay-le-Comte,  and  joinf 
the  S5vre-Niortaise  3  miles  above  Marans,  after  a  course 
of  46  miles. 

Yend6e,  or  La  Vendue,  a  maritime  departnient  in 
the  W.  of  France,  having  N.  the  Atlantic.  Area,  2595 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  442,355.  The  surface  is  level 
in  the  N.  and  W.  portions,  and  marshy  towards  the  coast, 
elsewhere  undulating  and  wooded.  More  grain  and  wine 
are  raised  than  are  required  for  home  consumption ;  other 
products  are  hemp,  flax,  wool,  fatted  cattle  for  the  Parii 
markets,  coal,  and  a  few  metals.  The  manufactures  are 
paper,  woven  fabrics,  leather,  and  beet  sugar,  but  are  unim- 
portant. The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondisse- 
ments  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon,  Fontenay,  and  Les   Sablea 

d'Olonne.    Capital,  La  Roche-sur-Yon. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Vendean,  vfin-dee'an. 

Yenden,  or  Wenden,  vSn'd§n  (Russ.  ITess,  kSss),  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Lironia,  on  the  Aa,  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Riga.  Pop.  3522.  It  was  founded  in  1205,  and  once  con- 
tained the  residence  of  the  Grand  Masters  of  the  Teutonio 
order,  now  a  ruin. 

Yendeuvre,  v6N»Muv'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Anbe, 
13  miles  W.  of  Bar-sur-Aube.     Pop.  1961. 

Yenddme,  v&NoMSm',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Loir,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Blois,  and 
110  miles  by  rail  S.S.W  .  of  Paris.  Pop.  7806.  It  has  a 
ruined  but  once  strongly  fortified  castle  of  the  Dukes  of 
Venddme,  a  l7/c(e  or  college,  a  public  library,  a  hospital, 
cavalry  barracks,  theatre,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  gloves,  cotton  fabrics,  hosiery,  and  paper.  It  wa« 
formerly  capital  of  a  district  called  the  VendSmoia,  now 
comprised  in  the  departments  of  Loir-et-Cher  and  Sarthe. 

Yendotena,  vin-do-td.'n&  (anc.  Pandata'ria),  an  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Italy,  23  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Ischia.  It  is  8  miles  in  circumference,  fertile,  and  well 
cultivated,  and  has  a  small  town  and  fishing-port. 

Yendrell,  vfin-drfil'  (anc.  Palfuriana  ?),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  17  miles  N.E.  of  Tarragona,  near  the 
Mediterranean,  on  which  it  has  a  small  port.     Pop.  4118. 

Venecia,  or  Yenedig.    See  Venice. 

Yenedocia,  ven-e-do'she-§,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Wert 
CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Lima.     It  has  a  church. 

Ven'edy,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  4  Southeastern  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Kaskaskia  River.   Pop.  408. 

Yeneria  Reale,  Italy.    See  Venaria  Reale. 

Veneris  Portus,  Italy.    See  Porto  Venere. 

Yeneti,  an  ancient  name  of  Vannes. 

Yene'tia,  a  compartimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy, 
embracing  8  provinces  in  the  extreme  N.E.  Area,  9060 
square  miles.  It  is  in  great  part  enclosed  by  Austria  and 
the  Adriatic.     Capital,  Venice.     Pop.  2,642,807. 

Yenev,  or  VFenew,  vi-n5v',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toola,  on  the  Venevka. 
Pop.  4459.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  woollen  and  linen  man- 
ufactures. 

Venezia,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Venice. 

Venezuela,  vSn'fiz-wee'la  (Sp.  pron.  vi-n6th-wi'l4  or 
vfin-Ss-wi'li),  a  republic  occupying  the  N.E.  portion  of 
South  America,  between  lat.  1°  8'  and  12°  16'  N.  and  Ion. 
60°  15'  and  73°  17'  W.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Caribbean  Sea  and  Atlantic  Ocean,  E.  by  British  Guiana, 
S.  by  Brazil,  and  W.  by  the  republic  of  Colombia.  The 
E.  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  extends  through  its  N.  part 
from  W.  to  E.,  terminating  in  the  peninsula  of  Paria.  It 
rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  15,300  feet.  South  of  this  is 
a  wide  plain-country  traversed  by  the  Orinoco,  the  whole 
course  of  which  river  is  in  this  region.  Other  principal 
rivers  are  the  Guaviare,  Meta,  Apure,  Caura,  and  Carony, 
tributary  to  the  Orinoco;  the  Cassiquiare,  connecting  it 
with  the  Amazon,  and  the  Tocuyo,  Zulia,  and  Cuyuni,  in 
the  N.  and  E.  The  lakes  Maracaybo  and  Valencia,  and 
the  islands  Margarita  and  Tortuga,  belong  to  this  republic. 
Venezuela  possesses  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  coal  (the 
latter  not  worked),  and  all  the  finest  tropical  products  grow 
luxuriantly.  The  principal  sources  of  wealth  are  cacao, 
cofi'ee,  sugar,  tobacco,   indigo,   cotton,   sarsaparilla,   dye- 


VEN 


2715 


VEN 


woods,  timber,  and  especially  cattle  and  the  articles  of 
trade  which  they  yield.  The  exports  amount  to  about 
$16,000,000  per  annum,  the  imports  (manufactures  of  cot- 
tons, linens,  woollens,  hardwares,  earthenwares,  silk,  ap- 
parel, rice,  machinery,  beer,  ale,  palm  oil,  Ac.)  to  about 
$9,000,000,  besides  much  that  enters  the  country  as  contra- 
band. Venezuela  has  a  gold  and  silver  currency,  and  the 
moneys  of  all  nations  are  in  circulation.  Its  revenue 
amounts  to  about  $5,500,000  per  annum,  expenditure  to 
$5,200,000,  and  public  debt  about  $46,000,000.  The  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  senate  and  a  house  of  representatives 
elected  by  the  people,  the  executive  being  a  president  and 
vice-president  chosen  by  these  bodies  from  their  own  num- 
bers. Venezuela  had  been  in  almost  constant  disturbances 
by  warring  factions  from  1848  till  October,  1863,  when  Puerto 
Cabello,  the  last  refuge  of  the  insurgents,  surrendered  to  the 
government.  On  December  10  of  the  sameyear  a  provisional 
constitution  was  formed,  guaranteeing  to  the  people  entire 
personal  freedom,  the  freedom  of  the  press,  and  many  im- 

f)ortant  privileges.  Slavery,  capital  punishment,  and  ban- 
shment  were  also  thereby  abolished.  Until  1881  Veneia- 
ela  was  divided  into  21  states  and  3  territories,  but  in  that 

Sear  a  re-division  was  made  into  9  large  states,  the  Federal 
istrict,  2  national  settlements,  and  7  territories.  The 
chief  cities  are  Caracas  (the  capital),  Valencia,  Maracaybo, 
Barquesimeto,  Cumand,  and  Barcelona.  According  to  the 
census  of  1891,  the  area  and  population  are  as  follows : 


States,  kc. 


Federal  District 

Miranda 

Carabobo 

Bennudez 

Zamora 

Lara. 

Ii08  Andes 

Falcon 

Bolivar. 

Zulia. 

Territoriet: 
Qoajin, 

A— "{ilTaz^or.!!; 

Colon 

Turuari 

Cauraf 

Armisticiof 

Delta. 

S«lUement»: 

Independencia 

Bolivar 

Total 


694,361 


Area  in 

Population 

sq.  m. 

In  1891. 

46 

89,133 

33,909 

484,509 

2,985 

198,021 

32,252 

300,597 

25,219 

246,676 

0,299 

246,760 

14,724 

336,146 

36,222 

139,110 

88,724 

56,289 

« 

85,456 

3,609 

65,990 

119,811 

21,396 

90,962 

23,558 

166 

129 

81,144 

22,392 

22,571 

« 

7,153 

« 

26,354 

7,222 

214 

• 

8 

» 

2,323,527 


*  Where  the  population  or  area  is  not  given  it  is  included  in 
acUoining  divigions. 
f  Kow  included  in  new  or  a4JoiniDg  divisions. 

Venicarlo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Brnicarlo. 

Venice,  vSn'iss  (It.  Venezia,  vi-nM'ze-4 ;  Fr.  Venise, 
v§h-neez' ;  Ger.  Venedig,  vk-nk'diQ  ;  Sp.  Venecia,  vi-ni'- 
the-4;  anc.  Vene'tia),  a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of 
the  province  of  its  own  name,  situated  in  the  lagoons  of 
Venice,  a  sort  of  vast  lake  separated  from  the  Adriatic  by  a 
long  belt  of  low  land  which  is  divided  into  islands  by  six 
channels  between  the  mouths  of  the  Pieve  and  Adige,  37 
miles  E.  of  Padua,  on  the  Turin,  Milan  &  Venice  Railway. 
One  of  the  islands  thus  formed  by  the  channels  is  named 
the  Lido ;  N.  of  it  is  the  Porto  di  Lido,  the  channel  through 
which  the  fleets  of  Venice  passed  in  former  times,  but 
which  is  now  the  entrance  for  small  craft  only.  Immedi- 
ately W.  of  the  Lido  are  the  islands  on  which  Venice  is 
built,  and  immediately  S.  of  it  is  the  Porto  di  Malamocco, 
now  the  deepest  entrance  to  the  lagoon,  and  the  sea-way 
for  vessels  of  the  greatest  draught.  Lat.  of  observatory, 
45°  25'  49.6"  N. ;  Ion.  12°  21'  8"  E.  Pop.  (1892)  149,500. 
Mean  temperature,  January,  35.5°;  July,  75.1°  Fahr. 
Venice,  for  many  years  the  capital  of  a  celebrated  republic, 
the  first  maritime  and  commercial  power  of  the  world,  and 
one  of  the  finest  cities  in  Europe,  is  unique,  both  as  regards 
its  position  and  construction,  its  antique  architectural  mon- 
uments, its  artistic  treasures,  its  historic  fame,  and  the  gay 
temperament  of  its  inhabitants.  The  islands  upon  which 
the  city  is  built  are  80  in  number,  are  intersected  by  147 
canals,  communicate  with  one  another  by  hundreds  of 
bridges,  and  are  divided  into  two  great  groups  by  the  Grand 
Canal,  which  winds  in  serpentine  fashion  through  the  city. 
Tkis  renowned  soa-thoroughfare  is  about  2  miles  long  and 


from  160  to  230  feet  broad.  Two  islands,  separated  from 
Venice  proper  by  the  wide  channel  of  the  Giudecoa  Canal, 
rise  up  on  the  S.,  and  might  be  termed  the  southern  suburbs 
of  the  city.  The  buildings  that  crowd  the  islands,  and 
seem  to  rise — a  baseless  fabric — from  the  surface  of  the 
water,  rest  on  foundations  of  piles  and  stone.  Their  facades 
front  the  canals.  Very  often  no  door  is  to  be  seen,  and  the 
only  access  to  the  building  is  offered  by  an  entrance  at  the 
back  from  the  interior  of  the  island,  which  is  covered  with 
narrow  streets  and  lanes.  The  superb  bridge  of  the  Rialto 
spans  the  Grand  Canal  at  its  narrowest  part.  It  consists 
of  one  arch  (span  91  feet),  is  72  feet  wide,  or  nearly  as 
broad  as  it  is  long,  and  is  divided  in  the  direction  of  its 
length  into  five  strips  or  sections :  two  of  these  are  rows  of 
shops  and  three  of  them  are  footways.  Magnificent  pal- 
aces, built  by  eminent  Italian  architects,  and  the  interiors 
of  which  are  enriched  by  the  works  of  Italy's  most  re- 
nowned painters,  rise  along  the  borders  of  the  Grand  Canal, 
and  make  it  the  finest  "  street"  in  the  world.  The  whole 
of  the  land  on  the  left  side  of  the  canal,  passing  up  from 
S.E.  to  N.W.,  was  at  one  time  called  Rialto,  and  Venice  as 
a  city  first  existed  on  this  quarter,  and  near  that  part  of  it 
connected  by  the  bridge  of  the  Rialto  with  the  quarter  on 
the  other  side  of  the  canal.  Two  other  (iron)  bridges  cross 
this  canal.  A  fine  viaduct,  2^  miles  long  and  30  feet  wide, 
carries  the  Paduan  Railroad  across  the  lagoon  and  connects 
Venice  with  the  continent.  The  streets  or  lanes  (calli)  are 
for  the  most  part  so  narrow  and  intricate  as  to  render  the 
city  a  vast  labyrinth,  and  in  place  of  wheel-carriages  small 
barges  called  gondolas  traverse  the  principal  canals,  pre- 
senting one  of  the  chief  characteristics  of  the  city.  The 
principal  promenades  are  the  square  of  St.  Mark  and  the 
public  gardens,  which  are  nearly  surrounded  by  the  sea. 
Venice  contains  a  vast  number  of  magnificent  churches  and 
palaces,  adorned  with  the  paintings  of  Titian  and  the  fres- 
cos of  Tintoretto  and  Paul  Veronese.  The  chief  edifices 
are  the  palace  of  the  Procuratie  Vecchie,  standing  upon  50 
arches,  and  the  Procuratie  Nuove,  which  occupy  the  greater 
part  of  the  square  of  St.  Mark,  around  which  extends  a 
vast  gallery,  containing  elegant  shops  and  cafes.  The  old 
library  of  St.  Mark  occupies  a  magnificent  hall,  and  in  the 
same  building  is  the  Zecca,  or  mint,  whore,  in  1284,  the 
celebrated  ducat  of  Venice,  the  most  ancient  coin  in  Europe, 
was  struck.  From  this  establishment  the  zecchino  or  se- 
quin, the  ancient  gold  coin  of  the  republic,  derived  its 
name.  The  former  palace  of  the  Doge,  or  ducal  palace,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Piazzetta,  begun  under  Marino  Faliero 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  is  remarkable  for  its  architec- 
tecture  and  its  imposing  mass ;  its  interior  is  decorated  with 
many  of  the  finest  works  of  the  great  masters.  The  Bridge 
of  Sighs  connects  this  palace  with  the  former  prisons  and 
dungeons  of  the  Inquisition.  Among  the  ecclesiastical 
edifices  the  most  magnificent  is  the  church  of  St.  Mark, 
founded  in  977,  and  made  a  cathedral  in  1807,  with  its 
golden  ceilings,  its  pavement  of  jasper  and  porphyry,  and 
its  500  columns  of  black,  white,  and  veined  marble,  bronze, 
alabaster,  porphyry,  verd-antique,  and  serpentine.  It  con- 
tains the  celebrated  Palla  d'Ora,  a  species  of  mosaic,  in 
gold,  silver,  and  enamel,  made  at  Constantinople  in  the 
tenth  century,  and  a  vast  reliquary,  with  many  antiquities 
and  objects  of  art.  Over  the  portals  of  this  magnificent 
temple  the  four  celebrated  bronze  horses  which  were  founded 
at  Corinth,  and  successively  adorned  Athens,  Rome,  Con- 
stantinople, Venice,  and  Paris,  were  replaced  in  1815.  In 
front  of  St.  Mark  are  three  bronze  pedestals,  from  which 
once  floated  the  three  gonfalons  of  silk  and  gold,  emblematic 
of  the  three  dominions  of  the  republic,  Venice,  Cyprus,  and 
the  Morea;  and  near  it  are  the  campanile,  or  bell-tower, 
the  Torre  dell'  Orlogio,  or  clock  tower,  which,  when  it 
strikes  two  o'clock,  assembles  every  day  a  vast  number  of 
pigeons,  which  are  fed  at  the  expense  of  the  government, 
and  two  red  granite  columns,  one  surmounted  by  the  bronze 
lion  of  St.  Mark  and  the  other  by  the  statue  of  St.  Theo- 
dore, also  the  square  pillars  of  St.  John  of  Acre.  The  other 
churches  are  La  Madonna  dell'  Orto,  formerly  the  richest 
church  in  Venice,  the  church  of  SS.  Giovanni  e  Paolo,  filled 
with  numerous  monuments  of  the  Doges,  San  Giorgio  Mag- 
giore,  the  church  of  the  Salute,  the  churches  of  the  Jesuits, 
magnificently  decorated,  the  Scalzi,  and  those  of  Mira- 
coli  and  of  St.  Peter,  formerly  the  patriarchal  see,  the  cathe- 
dral of  Venice  till  1807,  and  the  church  of  the  Frari, 
with  fine  monuments  by  Canova.  The  armory  contains 
many  interesting  objects.  Most  of  these,  with  the  dogana 
or  custom-house,  the  Palazzo  Balbi  Grimani  (now  the  post- 
office),  and  other  splendid  palaces,  the  municipal  museum, 
&o.,  are  situated  on  the  Grand  Canal.  Venice  has  several 
theatres,  an  opera-house,  and  palaces  of  the  Prince  of  Wiic- 


TEN 


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temberg  and  of  the  Archduke  Ludwig  Victor.  The  arsenal, 
containing  four  basins,  situated  on  an  island,  surrounded  by 
high  walls  nearly  two  miles  in  circuit,  was  long  the  first  in 
Europe.  During  the  past  few  years  extensive  alterations 
and  improvements  have  been  carried  out  in  the  city.  A 
great  deal  has  been  lately  done  in  widening  the  thorough- 
fares and  deepening  the  canals.  Large  graving-,  ware- 
housing-, and  dry-docks,  and  a  patent  slip,  have  been 
recently  completed.  Near  the  principal  gateway  stand 
the  two  colossal  marble  lions  brought  from  Athens  in  1687. 
The  chief  scientific  and  literary  institutions  are  the  lyceum, 
with  a  rich  cabinet  of  natural  history  and  a  botanic  gar- 
den ;  2  royal  gymnasia,  and  the  seminary  of  the  Salute, 
occupying  the  former  convent  of  that  name,  with  valuable 
scientific  collections  and  a  rich  library ;  the  new  art  mu- 
seum; normal  high  school,  marine  college,  academy  and 
school  of  the  fine  arts,  with  an  extensive  Pinacoteca,  con- 
taining paintings  by  Titian,  Tintoretto,  and  other  celebrated 
artists  of  the  Venetian  school,  the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  ex- 
istence; and  the  Palazzo  dei  Poll,  where  Marco  Polo  lived, 
and  died  in  1323.  The  library  of  St.  Mark,  comprising  about 
120,000  volumes  and  10,000  MSS.,  with  a  fine  cabinet  of 
antiquities  and  medals,  is  one  of  the  richest  in  Italy,  and 
among  the  largest  in  Europe.  One  of  the  moat  remarkable 
institutions  in  Venice  is  that  of  the  Archivio  Generale,  at- 
tached to  the  church  of  the  Frari,  which  contains  an  immense 
mass  of  documents  relative  to  the  history  of  Venice,  said 
to  fill  295  rooms.  The  Venetian  dialect  has  great  softness 
and  pleasantness  of  sound,  and  was  formerly  so  much  cher- 
ished as  a  token  of  nationality  that  the  speakers  in  the 
senate  were  compelled  to  employ  it  in  preference  to  the 
Tuscan,  or  volgare.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed 
in  fishing  and  in  navigating  vessels  belonging  to  the  port, 
of  which  there  are  about  30,000.  In  1869,  5920  foreign 
vessels  (exclusive  of  coasters),  of  825,245  tons,  entered 
and  cleared  the  port,  conveying  imports  valued  at  about 
$30,000,000,  and  exports  of  $21,000,000.  In  1876  the 
number  of  vessels  that  entered  was  2751 ;  tonnage,  531,010. 
Value  of  imports,  $24,000,000;  of  exports,  $12,500,000. 
The  trade  of  Venice,  which  had  suffered  from  the  increasing 
prosperity  of  Triest,  is  now  gradually  increasing.  It  was 
a  free  port  until  1873,  and  within  a  few  years  extensive 
moles  have  been  formed  with  great  success.  In  the  Middle 
Ages,  Venice  had  a  monopoly  of  the  manufacture  of  glass, 
but  this  has  greatly  declined,  and  its  manufactures  are 
now  confined  to  mirrors,  jewelry,  artificial  pearls,  colored 
beads,  silks,  laces,  velvets,  soap,  sugar-refineries,  &c. 
Printing  is  largely  carried  on,  and  its  book-trade  is  still 
extensive.  Cotton-spinning,  the  manufacture  of  candles 
(wax  and  composite),  bronze  casting,  the  making  of  the 
old  brocades  and  more  costly  laces,  the  manufacture  of 
imitations  of  antique  furniture,  and  the  preparation  of 
hides  and  leather,  are  among  the  recently-established  in- 
dustries in  the  city  and  province  of  Venice.  One  of  the 
glass-factories  has  been  in  continuous  work  for  upwards 
of  twelve  centuries.  In  1874  the  value  of  the  glass  ex- 
ported was  $1,500,000.  General  imports  comprise  sugar, 
coffee,  and  other  colonial  produce,  cotton  and  woollen 
fabrics,  cotton  yarn  and  raw  cotton,  hardware,  dye-stuffs, 
salted  fish,  and  grain.  Exports,  silk  and  silk  goods,  glass- 
wares, and  books.  Outside  of  the  city,  on  an  island,  is 
Ban  Lazaro,  the  Armenian  convent,  a  centre  of  Armenian 
literature,  where  Byron  studied  the  language.  Venice  is 
not  well  supplied  with  water,  although  several  artesian 
wells  have  been  sunk.  It  is  mainly  dependent  on  its  cis- 
terns, and  on  supplies  brought  from  the  mainland  in  barges; 
but  an  aqueduct  is  now  being  constructed  to  bring  drinking- 
water  from  the  Canal  della  Seriola  Veneta.  The  origin  of 
Venice  dates  from  the  period  of  the  invasion  of  Attila, 
A.s.  452,  when  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Venetia  and 
other  parts  of  Italy,  taking  refuge  in  the  islands  of  the 
Adriatic,  formed  a  confederation  to  oppose  the  barbarians. 
In  697  they  elected,  as  the  head  of  their  government,  a  doge 
or  duke  (diiac).  The  Venetian  States  formed  themselves 
into  a  republic  in  809.  In  997  they  took  possession  of  the 
town  of  Narenta,  a  nest  of  pirates,  and  thus  commenced 
their  maritime  power ;  they  afterwards  subjugated  all  the 
towns  of  Dalmatia.  The  Crusades  were  a  source  of  aggran- 
dizement for  Venice.  At  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century 
the  Venetians  yiade  themselves  masters  of  part  of  the 
Morea,  Corfu,  Cephalonia,  and  Crete.  During  two  cen- 
turies they  monopolized  the  commerce  of  India  by  the 
route  of  Egypt ;  but  they  lost  this  on  the  discovery  of  the 
passage  by  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  state  attained 
the  height  of  its  prosperity  in  the  fifteenth  century.  It 
began  to  decline  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  its  overthrow  was  completed  by  the  French  in  1797. 


By  the  treaty  of  Presburg,  in  1805,  it  was  made  over, 
with  the  provinces  of  the  continent,  to  the  kingdom  of 
Italy,  and  was  held  by  the  French  till  1814,  when  it  re- 
verted to  Austria.  In  1848  the  Venetians  revolted  against 
the  Austrians,  and  held  the  city  for  several  months.  The 
city,  with  the  province,  was  re-annexed  to  Italy  by  the 
treaty  of  peace  of  Vienna,  October  3,  1866,  and  the 
King  of  Italy  entered  Venice  in  triumph,  November  7  of 

the  same  year. ^Adj.  and  inhab.  Venetian,  ven-ee'shun 

(It.  Veneziano,  vi-nM'ze-i-no ;  Fr.  V^nitikn,  v&-nee'te 
aN<>' ;  Ger.  adj.  Vbnedisch,  vi-na'dish,  inhab.  Venetianer, 
vi-nSt-se-i'n^r). 

Venice,  a  province  of  Italy,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Adriatic,  and  comprises  the  several  islands  and  lagoons 
of  the  capital.  Area,  850  square  miles.  Capital,  Venice. 
Pop.  in  1881,  356,708. 

Venice,  ven'iss,  a  township  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.    P.  490. 

Venice,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  near  the 
Mississippi  River,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  and  the 
Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  1000. 

Venice,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  oo.,  Mich.     P.  1424. 

Venice,  a  post-hamlet  in  Venice  township,  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Freeville,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1757. 

Venice,  Butler  co.,  0.    See  Ross. 

Venice,  a  post- village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  Sandusky  Bay 
and  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  3  miles 
W.  of  Sandusky.     It  has  2  flouring-mills  and  a  church. 

Venice,  ft  township  of  Seneca  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1781. 

Venice,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Venice,  ven'iss,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  oo.,  Qun 
bee,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Rividres.     Pop.  120. 

Venice  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Venice  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ithaca,  Auburn  &  Western  Rail- 
road, about  15  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Venice,  Gulf  of.    See  Adriatic. 

Venice  Switch,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Sandusky. 

Venise,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Venice. 

Venitia  (ve-nish'e-^)  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Howard 
CO.,  Ark. 

Venloo,  v4n-l5',  or  VenMo',  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, Limburg,  on  the  Mouse,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Roermond.  Lat.  51°  22'  N. ; 
Ion.  6°  10'  E.  Pop.  7907,  employed  in  brewing,  tanning, 
and  in  tin-,  lead-,  tobacco-,  and  vinegar-factories. 

Venloon,  Netherlands.    See  Loon-op-Zand. 

Vennachar,  Loch.    See  Venachoir,  Loch. 

Vennes,  a  town  of  France.     See  Vannes. 

Venosa,  vi-no'si  (anc.  Venu'tia),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potenza.  Pop.  7222.  It 
has  a  noble  cathedral,  5  parish  churches,  a  market-hall,  and 
Roman  remains.     It  is  the  birthplace  of  Horace. 

Venray,  or  Venraij,  vfin-ri',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  22  miles  N.  of  Roermond.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 5093. 

Venta  Belgarum,  the  ancient  name  of  Winchester. 

Yenta  del  Moro,  vin'ti  ddl  mo'ro,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  province  and  about  60  miles  from  Cuenoa, 
on  the  Cabriel.     Pop.  2165. 

Venta  Icenorum.    See  Caistor  and  Norwich. 

Ventana,  Sierra,  se-SR'R&  v£n-t&'n&,  a  mountain  ot 
the  Argentine  Republic,  province  and  320  miles  S.W.  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  in  lat.  38°  6'  S.  It  is  of  quartz  formation, 
bare  and  jagged,  and  attains  a  height  of  3500  feet. 

Ventas  con  Pena  Agnilera,  vSn'tis  kon  pin'yi 
i-ghe-li'ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1592. 

Ventimiglia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Vintimiglia. 

Ventipoor,  v5n-te-poor',  a  village  of  Cashmere,  neai 
the  Jhylum,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Serinagur. 

Vent'nor,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ryde.  It  stands  sheltered  by  high 
land  on  the  N.  and  E.,  and  it  has  risen  since  1830  from  a 
mere  hamlet  into  a  fashionable  watering-place.  It  has 
chapels  and  schools,  handsome  terraces,  and  many  detached 
villas,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Royal  National  Hospital  for 
Consumptives. 

Vent'nor,  or  Adam's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Gren- 
ville  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Petite  Nation  River,  4  miles  from 
Spenoerville.     It  contains  4  saw-  and  2  grist-mills.  P.  160. 
Ventonx.  Mont,  France.    See  Mont  Ventotjx. 


YEN 


2717 


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Fen'try,  a  maritime  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
with  a  harbor  which  affords  excellent  anchorage. 

Ventara,  ven-too'r4,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is 
partly  irrigated  by  the  Santa  Clara  River.  The  surface  ia 
diversified  with  mountains  and  fertile  valleys.  Area,  1682 
sq.  m.    Capital,  Ventura.    Pop.  (1880)  5073 ;  (1890)  10,071. 

Ventura,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holland  township,  Ottawa 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Yenns  Bay,  Australia.    See  Anderson's  Inlet. 

Venusia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Venosa. 

Ve'nus  Point,  the  most  N.  point  of  the  island  of  Ta- 
hiti ;  lat.  17°  29'  S.,  Ion.  149°  29'  W. 

Venzago,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Vanzago. 

Vera,  vi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  39  miles 
N.E.  of  Almeria,  near  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  6017.  It 
has  a  small  harbor,  manufactures  of  nitre,  an  active  fishery, 
and  some  export  and  import  trade.  Near  it  are  traces  of 
ancient  Ur'ci. 

Vera,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Navarre,  on  the 
Bidassoa,  40  miles  N.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1918. 

Ve'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Vandalia.    It  has  a  church. 

V6ra  Cruz,  vi'ri  krooss,  a  state  of  Mexico,  consisting 
of  a  belt  of  territory  stretching  along  the  S.W.  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  states  of 
San  Luis  Potosi  and  Queretaro,  W.  by  Mexico  and  Puebla, 
S.  by  Oajaca,  and  E.  by  Tabasco.  It  extends  from  lat.  17° 
30'  to  22°  15'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  94°  30'  to  99°  W.  Length, 
from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  nearly  500  miles;  breadth,  about 
80  miles.  Area,  26,225  square  miles.  The  coasts  are  gener- 
ally low,  level,  and  sandy,  and  the  streams  which  fall  into 
the  Gulf  are  either  obstructed  by  bars  at  their  mouths,  or 
navigable  for  only  a  short  distance.  The  most  important 
of  these  are  the  Tampico,  the  AlvArado,  and  the  Coat- 
zaooalcos.  A  characteristic  feature  of  the  coast  is  the  num- 
ber of  its  lagoons.  One  of  these,  the  Tamiagua,  in  the  N., 
is  about  55  miles  long  by  20  miles  broad,  and  communicates 
with  the  Gulf  by  two  mouths  which  form  the  island  of 
Tuspan.  The  lagoon  next  in  size,  and  still  farther  N.,  is 
Tampico,  12  miles  long  by  9  miles  broad;  the  largest  in  the 
S.  is  that  of  Alvarado,  subdivided  into  8  smaller  lagoons. 
The  interior,  after  the  low  belt  of  sea-shore  is  passed,  rises 
gradually,  and  becomes  clothed  with  magnificent  forests,  or 
with  pasture  and  cultivated  fields.  Its  most  mountainous 
region  is  near  the  centre,  to  the  W.  of  the  capital,  where 
the  volcanic  peak  of  Orizaba  rises  to  the  height  of  17,380 
feet.  The  climate  is  pestilential  on  the  coast,  where  from 
May  to  November  yellow  fever  always  prevails,  but  be- 
comes healthy  in  the  higher  districts.  The  products  em- 
brace maize,  barley,  wheat,  tobacco,  coffee,  sugar,  cotton, 
sarsaparilla,  vanilla,  pine-apples,  oranges,  bananas,  and 
similar  fruits,  dye-woods,  and  many  valuable  species  of 
timber.  Horned  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep  are  numerous. 
The  railway  to  Mexico  from  the  Atlantic  lies  through  this 
state.  Capital,  Vera  Cruz.  Pop.  582,441,  composed  of 
mixed  races,  chiefly  Creoles  and  Indians,  with  some  Hav- 
anese,  foreigners,  negroes,  and  on  the  coasts  a  considerable 
number  of  zambos. 

Vera  Cruz,  or  Villa  Rica  de  la  Vera  Cruz,  veel'- 
yi  ree'ki  di  \k  v4'ri  krooss  (the  "  rich  city  of  the  true 
cross"),  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  above  state, 
in  a  sandy,  marshy,  and  unhealthy  plain  on  the  S.W.  shore 
of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  185  miles  E.  of  Mexico.  Lat.  19° 
11'  54"  N.;  Ion.  96°  8'  36"  W.  It  is  connected  by  railways 
with  Mexico,  Jalapa,  and  Medellin.  It  presents  an  im- 
posing appearance  from  the  sea,  is  defended  by  the  strong 
castle  of  San  Juan  deUlua,  built  upon  an  island  about  half 
a  mile  from  the  shore,  and  consists  of  several  squares  and 
regular  streets,  with  houses  of  coral  limestone,  sometimes  3 
stories  high,  flat-roofed,  and  generally  provided  with  wooden 
balconies.  The  principal  buildings  are  16  churches  (of 
which,  however,  only  one  is  in  use,  though  the  cupolas  of 
all  still  remain,  and  form  very  conspicuous  objects),  the 
government  house,  which  is  tolerably  handsome,  and  some 
dilapidated  monasteries.  The  town  has  a  good  water-sup- 
ply, but  is  very  sickly,  yellow  fever  being  endemic.  The 
harbor,  a  mere  roadstead  between  the  town  and  the  castle, 
ia  very  insecure,  having  neither  good  anchorage  nor  suf- 
ficient protection  from  N.  winds.  It  is  provided,  however, 
with  a  good  stone  mole,  and  on  the  island  of  San  Juan  de 
Ulua  there  is  a  light-house  showing  a  brilliant  revolving 
light,  89  feet  above  the  sea.  The  tide  ebbs  and  flows  here 
only  once  in  24  hours ;  the  highest  rise  observed  is  24  feet. 
The  trade  of  Vera  Cruz  is  equal  to  that  of  all  other  Mexican 
ports  combined.   The  exports  consist  principally  of  bullion. 


cochineal,  sugar,  flour,  indigo,  provisions,  drngs,  vanilla, 
logwood,  and  pimento ;  the  imports,  of  woven  fabrics,  cacao, 
coffee,  paper,  brandy,  wines,  machinery,  and  metals.  Vera 
Cruz  was  founded  in  the  latter  part  of  the  sixteenth  oentnry, 
and  obtained  the  rank  of  a  city  in  1615.  Ita  castle,  which 
completely  commands  it,  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1829. 
Vera  Cruz  was  bombarded  and  taken  by  the  army  of  the 
United  States,  under  General  Scott,  in  1847.     Pop.  24,000. 

Vera  Cruz,  Old,  a  village  of  Mexico,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Vera  Cruz.     Here  Cortez  disembarked  in  1518. 

Vera  Cruz,  ver'a  krooz,  a  post-village  of  Wells  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Bluffton,  and 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  3  churches. 

Vera  Cruz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township.  Brown 
CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 

Vera  Cruz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
S.  of  AUentown,  and  1  mile  from  Vera  Cruz  Station  of  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coach-factory. 

Veragua,  ve-rah'gwa  (Sp.  pron.  vi-ri'gwi),  or  San> 
tiago  de  Veragna,  sin-te-a'go  di  vi-r&'gw&,  a  town 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  and  125  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Panama,  near  the  coast.  It  is  well  built,  and  has 
some  trade  in  gold-dust,  copper,  cotton,  and  dyes.  Pop. 
5000. 

Vera  Paz,  Alta,  41'ti  vi'ri  plz,  a  province  of  Guate- 
mala, bordering  on  the  Mexican  states  of  Campeaohy  and 
Tabasco.     Capital,  Cohan. 

Verapoli,  vi-rip'o-le,  a  town  of  India,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Cochin.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop. 

Verawow,  vSr*§,-w6w',  or  Vir^awah',  a  town  of  In- 
dia, in  Sinde,  on  a  fresh-water  lake  3  miles  in  circuit. 
Lat.  24°  33'  N.;  Ion.  70°  46'  E.     Pop.  1141. 

Ver'bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Union  Vale  township,  J  mile  from  Verbank  Station  of  the 
Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  New- 
burg.     It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Verbanus  Lacus,  Italy.    See  Lago  Magqioke. 

Verbas,  vSr^bis',  or  Verbitza,  vfia-bit'si,  a  river  of 
Bosnia,  joins  the  Save  13  miles  E.  of  Gradiska,  after  a  N. 
course  of  100  miles. 

Ver'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  from  Bunker  Hill. 

Verbe'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Verbenico,  vSR-bi'ne-ko,  a  village  and  seaport  of 
Austria,  on  the  island  of  Veglia,     Pop.  1348. 

Verbicaro,  vfiR-be-k4'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  28  miles  N.  of  Paola,  and  5  miles  from  the  Medi- 
terranean.    Pop.  5159. 

Verbicz,  veR^ bits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau, 
on  the  Waag,  1  mile  S.S.E.  of  Szent  Miklos.     Pop.  2000. 

Verbitza,  a  river  of  Bosnia.    See  Verbas. 

Verbowez,  v6R-bo-vits',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolsk, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Moheelev.     Pop.  2121. 

Vercelli,  v8R-chSl'lee  (anc.  Vercel'la),  a  city  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  province  of  Novara,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Sesia,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  14  miles  N.  of 
Casale.  Pop.  20,140.  It  is  enclosed  by  boulevards,  re- 
placing its  old  fortifications,  is  well  built,  and  has  an  ap- 
pearance of  prosperity.  Its  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  in 
Piedmont,  contains  the  tomb  of  St.  Amadeus  of  Savoy,  and 
a  valuable  library  of  old  manuscripts,  including  a  copy  of 
the  laws  of  the  Lombards,  and  a  manuscript  of  the  gospels 
written  by  St.  Eusebius,  the  founder  of  the  see,  in  the  fourth 
century.  It  has  a  large  hospital,  a  royal  palace,  a  clerical 
seminary,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  and  a 
large  trade  in  rice  raised  in  its  vicinity.  A  canal  connects 
it  with  Ivrea. 

Vercelli-Borgo,  vfiR-chftl'lee-boR'go,  a  town  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Vercelli,  near  the  Sesia.  It  has  a  palace 
occupying  the  site  of  an  old  castle. 

Verch^res,  vfiR'shaiR',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Quebec,  bounded  by  the  St.  Lawrence  on  the  W.  and  the 
Richelieu  on  the  E.  Area,  78  square  miles.  Capital,  Ver- 
chSres.     Pop.  12,717. 

Verchires,  a  post-village,  capital  of  the  oo.  of  Ver- 
chSres,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  24 
miles  below  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  a  college,  a  con- 
vent, 7  or  8  stores,  a  foundry,  2  tanneries,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  900. 

Verdachellum,  vdr-dJL-chil'lilm,  a  town  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  96  miles  S.  of  Arcot.     Pop.  5439. 

Verde,  vda'di,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  oo.,  Arizona. 

Verde,  Rio,  ree'o  v^R'di,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Bahia,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  SSo  Francisco  nearly  opposite 
the  town  of  PilSo  Arcado. 


VER 


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VerdO)  Rio,  a  river  of  Brasil,  state  of  Qoyaz,  rises  in 
the  N.  slope  of  the  Berra  dog  Pirenneos,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  MaranhSo. 

YerdOy  Rio,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto-Grosso. 
It  takes  a  northerly  direction,  and,  after  a  course  nearly 
parallel  with  that  of  the  Guapore,  joins  that  river  about 
100  miles  from  the  town  of  Matto-Grosso. 

Verde,  Rio,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes, 
rises  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Ajuruoca,  flows  circuitously  first 
N.  and  then  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  150  miles, 
joins  the  Sapuoahi. 

Verde,  Rio,  an  auriferous  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  rises  in  the  marshes  to  the  W.  of  Serra  GrSo 
Mogor,  flows  N.,  then  N.W.,  and  then  W.,  and  joins  the 
S2o  Francisoo  on  the  right,  nearly  opposite  the  mouths  of 
the  Japor6  and  Carinhenha. 

Verde  Islands,  West  Africa.   See  Cape  Verd  IsLA^fD8. 

Ver'den  (Ger.  pron.  ffiR'd^n),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, on  the  AUer,  and  on  the  railway  to  Hanover,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Bremen.  Pop.  7669.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  an  ancient  cathedral,  manufactures  of  tobacco,  brew- 
eries, distilleries,  and  an  export  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Verdi,  v^r'de,  a  post-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Reno.  It 
has  2  stores,  a  hotel,  a  planing-mill,  2  saw-mills,  2  shingle- 
mills,  and  40  houses. 

Verdiere  (v^r-deer')  Point,  a  post-offioe  of  Putnam 
CO.,  Fla. 

Verdierville,  v^r-deer'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.  of  Orange  Court-House. 

Verdigris,  v^r'de-gress,  a  township  of  Wilson  co., 
Kansas.     Pop.  1183. 

Verdigris  Falls,  post-office.  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 

Verdigris  River  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Chase 
CO.,  Kansas,  intersects  Greenwood  co.,  runs  southward 
through  Wilson  and  Montgomery  cos.,  and  passes  into  the 
Indian  Territory.  Its  general  direction  is  nearly  south- 
ward. It  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  1  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  3  miles  from  Fort  Gibson. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  270  miles. 

Verdigris  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Neb. 

Verdon,  v5rM6n»',  a  river  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpes, 
rises  near  Colmar,  flows  S.  to  near  Castellane,  and  thence 
W.  between  the  departments  of  Basses-Alpes  and  Var,  and 
joins  the  Durance,  after  a  course  of  100  miles. 

Ver'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Verdu,  v4R-doo',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  prov- 
ince and  21  miles  E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2007. 

Verdnn,  vflR^duu"'  (anc.  Verodu'mtm),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Mouse,  28  miles  N.  of  Bar-le-Duc,  on  the  Mouse,  which 
here  becomes  navigable.  Lat.  49°  9'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  22' 
E.  Pop.  15,433.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  Protestant  chapel,  military  and  civil  hospitals,  a 
bishop's  palace,  a  clerical  seminary,  a  communal  college, 
a  public  library  of  22,000  volumes,  distilleries,  tanneries, 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  wooden-wares,  woven  fab- 
rics, liqueurs,  and  confectionery.  In  1792  it  was  bom- 
barded and  taken  by  the  Prussians,  but  was  restored  to 
the  French  after  the  battle  of  Valmy. 

Verdunois,  vfiBMii^nwS,',  an  old  district  or  division 
of  France,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Tarn-et- 
Garonne  and  Haute-Garonne.     Its  capital  was  Verdun. 

Verdnn-sur- Garonne,  vfiR'dQN»'-siiR-g4'ronn',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Garonne,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.  Pop. 
1500,  who  manufacture  leather. 

Verdun- sur-Sa6ne,  vdRMiiN"'-siiR-son,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Sadne-et-Loire,  on  the  Sadne,  at  the  influx  of 
the  Doubs,  11  miles  N.E.  of  ChMon-sur-Sa&ne.     P.  1864. 

Vere,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Veer. 

Vereinigte  Staaten.     See  United  States. 

Vereya,  Vereia,  or  Vereja,  vi-r4'yi,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Moscow,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Protva.  Pop.  5502.  It  is  enclosed  by 
ramparts,  and  has  a  cathedral. 

Verfeil,  viR^fil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toulouse.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2171. 

Vergara,  vdR-g&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Quipuzooa,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Tolosa.  Pop.  3237.  A  con- 
vention here  in  1839  put  an  end  to  the  war  in  Biscay. 

Vergennes,  v^r-jdnz',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo., 
111.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Duquoin. 

Vergennes,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1129. 

Vergennes,  a  city  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  is  beautifully 


situated  on  Otter  Creek,  7  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Lake 
Champlain,  and  on  the  Rutland  division  of  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  Otter  Creek 
is  here  about  500  feet  wide,  and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of 
300  tons  to  this  place,  where  it  falls  about  37  feet  and 
aff'ords  ample  water-power.  It  contains  a  United  States 
arsenal,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  national  bank,  and  has  manufactures  of  flour,  furni- 
ture, machinery,  pumps,  sash,  blinds,  doors,  and  leather. 
Vergennes  commands  good  views  of  grand  mountain- 
scenery.     Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1783.     P.  (1890)  1773. 

Verghereto,  v5R-gi-ri'to,  a  village  of  Florence,  on  a 
spur  of  the  Apennines,  5  miles  from  Bagno.     Pop.  2475. 

Vergilia,  the  ancient  name  of  Murcia. 

Vergininm  Mare.     See  Saint  George's  Channel. 

Veria,  v?-ree'i,  or  Kara  Veria,  ki'ri  v9-ree'&  (anc. 
Beroe'a  /  Gr.  Be'poia,  Beroia),  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
35  miles  W.  of  Salonica.  Pop.  8000,  mostly  Greeks,  en- 
gaged  in  cotton-weaving,  dyeing,  and  raising  fruit. 

Verkhnee,  vSrK'nee,  or  Verkhnii,  vfiRK'nee  ("up- 
per"), a  prefix  to  the  names  of  many  towns  of  Russia. 

Verkhnee  Dnieprovsk,  vdRK'nee  dne-i-provsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yeka- 
terinoslav,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  4127 

Verkhnee  Lomov,  Russia.     See  Lamov. 

Verkhnee  Oo^dinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  in  Trans- 
baikalia, 35  miles  N.E.  of  Selenghinsk.     Pop.  3473. 

Verkhnee  Ooralsk,  or  Verkhnii  Uralsk,  vSrk'. 
Bee  ooVilsk',  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  in  Orenboorg,  125 
miles  S.E.  of  Oofa.     Pop.  6166. 

Verkhnee  Vilioosk,  ve-le-oosk',  a  town  of  Siberia, 
in  Yakootsk,  on  the  Viliooi,  175  miles  N.  of  Olekminsk. 

Verkhnee  Yansk,  or  Verkhnii  Jansk,  vSrk'Hco 
y&nsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  province  of  Yakootsk,  on  th« 
Yana.     Lat.  66"  45'  N.;  Ion.  133°  10'  E. 

Verkhotoorie,  or  Verkhoturie,  vdR-Ko-too're-&,  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  on  the  Toora, 
85  miles  N.  of  Alapacvsk.     Pop.  3485. 

Verkhovashkoi,  via-Ko-vish-koi',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Vologda,  on  the  Vaga,  and  on  the  road  from  Vologda 
to  Archangel,  18  miles  S.  of  Velsk.     Pop.  574. 

Verlaine,  v^RMain',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Yerne.     Pop.  1394. 

Vermandois,  vdR*m6N<»*dw4'  (anc.  Veroman'dui),  an 
old  subdivision  of  France,  in  Picardy.  Capital,  St.-Quentin. 

Vermejo,  v^R-mi'ao,  called  also  Rio  Grande,  ree'o 
gr&n'di,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  rises  on  the 
Bolivian  frontier,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Paraguay  14 
miles  S.W.  of  5feembucu.  Total  course  estimated  at  750 
miles.     Affluents,  the  Jujuy  and  Tarija. 

Vermejo,  v^r-mi'ho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colfax  co..  New 
Mexico,  on  the  Vermejo  River,  50  miles  S.  of  Trinidad, 
Col.     Altitude,  about  6500  feet. 

Verm^o  Creek,  New  Mexico,  rises  in  Colfax  oo., 
runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Canadian  River. 

Vermelho,  viR-m£l'yo,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
mountains  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Goyaz,  and,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  about  240  miles,  joins  the  Araguay. 

Vermenton,  viR^m&N<>H6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  depart 
ment  of  Yonne,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1863. 

Vermilion,  v^r-mil'yiin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Illinois,  bordering  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  926 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Vermilion  River  and 
its  three  branches,  the  North,  Middle,  and  Salt  Forks. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fer- 
tile ;  the  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  horses,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  <k  Eastern  Illi- 
nois Railroad,  by  several  divisions  of  the  Wabash  and 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  systems,  which  chiefly 
converge  at  the  capital,  and  also,  in  its  northern  part,  by  a 
branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  by  the  Lake 
Erie  A  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Danville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  30,388;  in  1880,  41,588;  in  1890,  49,906. 

Vermilion,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
dering on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  275  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
ash,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  minerals  is  bituminous  coal.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Evansville  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
now  a  division  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad 
Line.  Capital,  Newport.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,840 ;  in  1880, 
12,025;  in  1890,  13,154. 


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Vermilion,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisinna,  bor- 
dering on  the  Qulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  123U 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Vermilion  Bay, 
and  is  intersected  by  Vermilion  River.  This  parish  con- 
tains White  Lake.  The  surface  is  level  and  low.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Sugar-cane,  cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Abbeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4528;  in  1880,  8728;  in  1890,  14,234. 

Yermilion,  a  post-villnge  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  on  the 
line  between  Elbridge  and  Stratton  townships,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Paris.  It  has  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons,  tiles,  <*bc.     Pop.  325. 

Vermilion^  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.     Pop.  550. 

Yermilion)  a  township  of  Vermilion  oo.,  Ind.  P.  2176. 

Yermiiion,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Noble  township,  on  East  Vermilion  Creek,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of 
Atchison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  general  stores. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1751. 

Yermilion,  a  post-oflSce  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in  Ver- 
milion township,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  780. 

Yermilion,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
13  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Yermilion,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1846.     It  contains  Hayesville  village. 

Yermilion,  a  post-village  and  shipping-port  of  Erie 
CO.,  0.,  in  Vermilion  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth 
of  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Sandusky,  and  40  miles 
W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a 
brick-yard,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, a  planing-mill,  a  lime-kiln,  a  carriage-shop,  a  ship- 
yard, and  a  quarry  of  sandstone,  which  is  exported  in  large 
quantities.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1S90,  2016. 

Yermilion,  a  city,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ver- 
milion River,  and  on  the  Dakota  Southern  Railroad,  26 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Yankton.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
bank,  a  graded  school,  and  5  churches,  also  a  United  States 
land-office.  Here  is  located  the  State  University.  Pop.  in 
1890,1496. 

Yermilion,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  7  miles 
from  Cumberland. 

Yermilion  Bay,  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  com- 
municates through  Cflte  Blanche  Bay  with  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.     Length,  about  20  miles. 

Yermilion  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co., 
III.,  on  the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  an  academy,  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Yermilion  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  St.  Louis  co.,  near 
lat.  48°  N.  It  is  about  20  miles  in  length,  and  the  width 
is  nearly  equal  to  the  length.  Its  outlet  is  Vermilion  River, 
which  runs  northward  and  enters  Rainy  Lake. 

Yermilion  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  or  near  Ford  co., 
runs  northwestward  through  Livingston  co.,  and  enters  the 
Illinois  River  at  La  Salle. 

Yermilion  River,  Louisiana,  rises  near  the  S.  border 
of  St.  Landry  parish,  runs  southward  through  the  parishes 
of  Lafayette  and  Vermilion,  and  enters  Vermilion  Bay.  It 
is  said  to  be  navigable  by  small  steamboats. 

Yermilion  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Wabash,  is  formed 
by  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Illi- 
nois and  unite  near  Danville,  in  that  state.  It  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Indiana,  about 
7  miles  N.  of  Newport.  The  main  stream  is  about  28  miles 
long.  The  South  Fork,  which  rises  in  Champaign  co.  and 
runs  eastward,  is  nearly  76  miles  long.  The  Little  Ver- 
milion River  enters  the  Wabash  4  or  5  miles  below. 

Yermilion  River,  Ohio,  runs  northward  through 
Huron  and  Erie  cos.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Vermilion. 

Yermilion  River,  South  Dakota,  drains  part  of  Miner 
CO.,  runs  nearly  southward  through  McCook,  Turner,  and 
Clay  COS.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  Vermilion.  It 
is  about  170  miles  long. 

Yermilion  River,  a  small  stream  of  Barron  eo..  Wis., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Red  Cedar  River. 

Yermilionville,  vfr-mil'yun-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
Salle  CO..  III.,  in  Deer  Park  township,  on  the  Vermilion 
River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  Coal  is  found  here.  This 
place  has  a  manufactory  of  tiles. 

Yermland,  Sweden.    See  CARistAD. 


Yermont'  (named  from  the  French  MotiU  VerU  of 
Verts  Monti,  i.e.,  "  Green  Mountains,"  the  principal  moun- 
tain-range in  the  state),  the  northwesternmost  of  the  New 
England  states  of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  tha 
Canadian  province  of  Quebec,  E.  by  New  Hampshire,  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River  being  the  boundary- 
line,  S.  by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  New  York,  Lake 
Champlain  and  Poultney  River  dividing  it  from  New  York 
in  part.  In  Lake  Champlain  there  lie  within  the  limits 
of  this  state  the  islands  of  North  and  South  Hero,  Isle  La 
Motte,  Hog,  Wood,  Butler's,  Potter's,  Providence,  Straw, 
Gull,  Fishbladder,  Savage,  and  other  islands,  the  most  im- 
portant of  which,  with  a  peninsula  which  extends  into  the 
lake  from  Canada,  constitute  the  county  of  Grand  Isle. 
The  state  is  160  miles  long,  from  35  to  85  miles  wide,  and 
has  an  area  of  9566  square  miles  (land  area,  9136  square 
cailes),  or  5,846,400  acres. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  Green  Mountains,  which  are 
members  of  the  Appalachian  system,  traverse  this  state 
from  N.  to  S.,  mainly  in  two  ridges,  of  which  the  eastern 
is  the  more  continuous  and  the  western  the  higher  and 
steeper.  The  principal  peaks  are  Mount  Mansfield,  4430 
feet;  Camel's  Hump,  4088  feet;  Shrewsbury  Peak,  4086 
feet;  Killington  Peak,  4221  feet;  Ascutney,  3320  feet; 
Mount  Willoughby,  or  Annanauoe,  3800  feet;  Equinox, 
3872  feet;  Sterling,  3500  feet;  .^Eolus,  Anthony,  Ac.  The 
mountains  are  generally  more  rounded  in  outline  than  is 
usual  among  the  Appalachians,  and  they  are  generally  clad 
with  dense  forests,  but  afford  rich  and  abundant  pasturage. 
Western  Vermont  and  a  large  part  of  the  eastern  section 
are  beautiful  pastoral  regions,  while  Central  Vermont  is 
largely  a  wild  and  picturesque  mountain-country. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Central  Vermont,  from  N.  to  S., 
is  of  azoic  or  Laurentian  formation,  and  strata  of  unques- 
tionable Laurentian  age  reappear  in  the  Upper  Connecticut 
Valley.  Western  Vermont  is  overlaid  with  Silurian  and 
Devonian  rocks,  affording  valuable  marble  and  other  min- 
eral wealth ;  and  there  are  limited  deposits  of  the  tertiary. 
The  rocks  of  Eastern  Vermont  are  mainly  referred  to 
Silurian  time;  but  with  regard  to  the  geologic  age  of 
some  of  the  more  highly  metamorphic  strata  there  is  a 
difference  of  opinion.  The  mineral  wealth  of  Vermont  is 
important.  Marbles  of  many  grades  (pure  white,  black,  pale 
red,  mottled,  Ac),  iron,  copper,  slate,  manganese,  ochres, 
kaolin,  Ac,  are  among  the  products  of  the  state.  Gold  has 
been  obtained  in  small  quantities  at  various  points.  Rut- 
land affords  a  superior  white  marble ;  Proctorsville,  an 
excellent  serpentine ;  Brandon,  a  highly-valued  brown 
hematite,  besides  manganese,  kaolin,  ochre  (used  for  paint), 
marble,  lime,  and  a  brown  lignite  which  is  employed  to 
some  extent  as  fuel;  Fair  Haven,  quarries  of  slate  and 
marble ;  Middlebury,  fine  marble ;  Castleton,  marble,  slate, 
and  steatite;  Guilford  and  Putney,  building-slate;  Ver- 
shire  and  Corinth,  useful  copper  ores ;  Swanton  and  Isle  La 
Motte,  black,  white,  and  variegated  marble  ;  Grafton,  soap- 
stone  ;  Strafford,  rich  pyrites,  affording  copperas  and  sul- 
phuric acid ;  New  Haven,  Shelburne,  Dorset,  and  Man- 
chester, marble ;  Roxbury,  verd-antique ;  Bennington  and 
Rutland,  potter's  clay ;  and  the  mineral  waters  (chalybeate, 
sulphurous,  or  saline)  of  Clarendon,  Alburg,  Sheldon,  High- 
gate,  Orwell,  Middletown,  Sadawga,  Guilford,  Elgin,  New- 
bury, Plainfield,  Stowe,  Chelsea,  Ac,  have  local  and  in 
some  instances  national  repute  in  the  treatment  of  disease. 

Rivers  and  Lakes. — Lake  Champlain  affords  important 
steam  navigation,  and  is  much  visited  for  its  beauty  and 
historic  associations.  The  Connecticut  River  was  formerly 
navigated  as  far  as  Bellows  Falls  by  means  of  locks  and 
a  short  canal.  Otter  Creek  (navigable  8  miles  to  Ver- 
gennes),  the  Poultney,  Pawlet,  Onion  or  Winooski,  La- 
moille, and  Missisquoi  Rivers  are  the  chief  tributaries  of 
Lake  Champlain.  Into  the  Connecticut  flow  the  Nulhegan, 
Passumpsic,  Wells,  Wait's,  White,  Quechee,  Black,  Wil- 
liams, Saxton's,  West,  Green,  North,  and  Deerfield,  and  into 
the  Hudson  the  Hoosao  and  Walloomsac  and  the  Batten 
Kill.  Barton  River  is  the  principal  affluent  of  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog,  a  noble  expanse  of  water,  lying  partly  in  Can- 
ada. There  are  a  great  number  of  small  lakes,  especially 
towards  the  N.E.  The  streams  of  Vermont  are  generally 
small,  but  afford  much  water-power,  which  is  extensively 
utilized  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — This  state  has  many  pic- 
turesque cataracts,  of  which  may  be  enumerated  Bellowt 
Falls,  on  the  Connecticut,  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Lamoille, 
at  Milton,  Winooski  Falls,  Passumpsic  Falls,  at  Lyndon, 
the  Falls  of  the  Missisquoi,  in  Troy,  Ac.  Lakes  Champlain, 
Memphremagog,  and  Willoughby,  the  towns  of  Burlington, 
Bennington,  Windsor,  Woodstock,  and  Brattleborough,  and 


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the  various  mountains  and  mineral  springs,  are  places  of 
summer  resort. 

Agriculture. — In  spite  of  her  mountainous  aspect  and 
her  long  and  severe  winters,  Vermont  takes  a  leading  place 
as  an  agricultural  state;  and,  considering  her  area,  popu- 
lation, and  the  large  amount  of  forest-land  she  has,  it  may 
be  questioned  if  any  state  affords  larger  returns  to  the 
farmer.  Much  land  which  is  inarable  is  very  profitably 
pastured,  sheep,  horses,  and  neat  cattle  are  bred  for  market, 
and  her  wool  and  dairy -products  have  high  reputation  for 
excellence  and  abundance.  Hay,  potatoes,  hops,  oats,  rye, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  grass  and  clover-seed,  apples,  and  all 
the  ordinary  staples  of  agriculture  are  abundantly  pro- 
duced. For  maple  sugar  no  state  excels  her.  There  are 
some  tracts,  however,  with  a  cold  and  churlish  soil,  par- 
ticularly in  the  N.E.  and  in  the  more  mountainous  town- 
ships. As  a  rule,  the  western  slope  of  the  mountains  and 
the  intervale  lands  on  the  Connecticut  and  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain  bare  the  best  soils.  There  were  in  1890  at  least  1000 
abandoned  farms  in  the  state,  aggregating  118,000  acres. 
Some  of  this  land  has  been  purchased  by  the  state  for  the 
establishment  of  settlements  of  Swedish  immigrants.  The 
efforts  to  repopulate  the  deserted  districts  have  so  far  been 
attended  with  success. 

Forests  are  quite  extensive,  especially  in  the  less  fertile 
and  arable  districts.  Spruce,  hemlock,  pine,  cedar,  and 
fir  among  coniferous  timber  trees,  and  beech,  oak,  rock- 
maple,  several  species  of  birch,  basswood,  and  other  useful 
deciduous  trees,  abound.  Large  amounts  of  lumber,  fire- 
wood, tanners'  bark,  maple  sugar,  and  charcoal  are  pro- 
duced from  the  forests. 

Manufactures  occupy  a  prominent  place  among  the  in- 
dustrial interests  of  the  state.  Prominent  manufacturing 
towns  are  Bennington  (stoneware,  fire-brick,  knitted  goods, 
leather,  &c.),  Brattleborough  (musical  instruments,  car- 
riages, and  a  great  variety  of  goods),  St.  Johnsbury  (weigh- 
ing-scales, <&o.),  Brandon  (paints,  iron,  castings,  <tc.),  Rut- 
land (marble-works,  Ac),  Burlington  (lumber,  Ac),  Fair 
Haven,  Castleton,  &c.  (marble-  and  slate-work),  St.  Albans 
(machinery,  railroad-works,  Ac),  Mclndoe's  Falls  (lum- 
ber-sawing), Hartford  (miscellaneous  goods),  and  Bellows 
Falls  (paper,  wood-pulp,  Ac).  Agricultural  implements, 
paper,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  bricks, 
carriages,  cooperage,  flour,  furniture,  chairs,  hosiery, 
leather,  lime,  lumber,  machinery,  cut  stone  and  slates, 
starch,  metallic  and  wooden  wares,  and  a  great  variety  of 
other  goods  are  extensively  produced. 

Railroads. — In  1850,  Vermont  had  290  miles  of  railroad; 
in  1855,  527  miles;  in  1860,  554  miles;  in  1865,  589  miles; 
in  1870,  614  miles;  in  1875,  810  miles;  in  1880,  912  miles; 
in  1885,  948  miles;  in  1890,  988  miles. 

Financial  Affairs. — The  bonded  debt  of  the  state  in  1890 
amounted  to  $135,500  (Agricultural  College  Fund),  bearing 
six  per  cent,  interest.  The  assessed  valuation  of  property 
was  $161,551,328. 

Commerce. — The  through  or  transit  shipments  by  rail 
between  the  West  and  Canada  on  the  one  hand,  and  the 
ports  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Portland,  Me.,  on  the  other,  are 
very  great.  Burlington  has  an  immense  lumber-trade  with 
Canada,  and  is  the  great  centre  of  distribution  of  Canadian 
lumber  in  New  England.  There  are  custom-houses  at  Bur- 
lington and  Island  Pond.  Important  articles  of  export 
from  Vermont  are  butter,  cheese,  and  potatoes.  St.  Albans 
is  one  of  the  principal  butter-markets  in  New  England. 
Much  of  the  trade  of  Lake  Champlain  passes  by  canal  to 
Albany  and  the  Hudson  River. 

The  Counties  number  14,  as  follows:  Addison,  Benning- 
ton, Caledonia,  Chittenden,  Essex,  Franklin,  Grand  Isle, 
Lamoille,  Orleans,  Orange,  Rutland,  Washington,  Wind- 
ham, and  Windsor.  The  principal  cities  and  towns  (census 
of  1890)  are  Burlington,  on  Lake  Champlain  (pop.  14,590) ; 
Montpelier,  the  capital  (4160) ;  Rutland  (11,760),  Brattle- 
borough (6862),  Barre  (6812),  Bennington  (6391),  Col- 
chester (5143),  St.  Albans  (7771),  St.  Johnsbury  (6567), 
Rockingham  (4579),  and  Vergennes  (1773).  The  only  in- 
corporated cities  are  Burlington  and  Vergennes. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  maintained  by  means 
of  state  and  local  taxes  and  the  income  of  a  permanent 
whool-fund.  There  are  state  and  town  superintendents, 
and  in  the  larger  towns  graded  and  high  schools  are  sus- 
tained. There  are  normal  schools  at  Castleton,  Randolph, 
and  Johnson,  There  are  also  many  private  and  denomi- 
national schools  and  academies.  The  University  of  Ver- 
mont, at  Burlington,  embraces  the  state  agricultural  col- 
lege and  a  school  of  medicine.  Norwich  University,  at 
Northfield,  makes  a  specialty  of  mathematics,  engineering, 
•ad  military  science.     Middlebury  is  the  seat  of  Middle- 


bury  College,  Montpelier  of  a  college  for  women,  and  Fair* 
fax  of  a  Baptist  theological  institute. 

Government,  &c. — The  governor,  the  principal  executive 
oflBcers,  and  the  legislature  are  chosen  by  the  people  bien- 
nially. All  judges  are  elected  for  fixed  terms  of  service, 
those  of  the  supreme  court  being  chosen  by  the  legislature, 
and  others  by  the  people.  Citizens  of  the  United  States 
resident  for  one  year  in  Vermont,  and  of  quiet  and  peace- 
able behavior,  are  entitled  to  vote.  Vermont  sends  two 
members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and  is  entitled  to 
four  electoral  votes.  Among  the  public  institutions  are  the 
state  prison  at  Windsor,  the  state  reform  school  at  Ver- 
gennes, and  the  asylum  for  the  insane  at  Brattleborough. 

History, — Vermont,  which  is  said  to  have  had  but  very 
few  permanent  Indian  inhabitants,  was  first  settled  by 
people  from  Massachusetts,  who  built  Fort  Dummer,  near 
Brattleborough,  in  1724.  Many  of  the  early  settlers  came 
from  Connecticut.  Some  of  the  southern  towns  were  char- 
tered by  Massachusetts.  New  York  and  New  Hampshire 
both  laid  claim  to  the  country,  and  the  King  of  Great 
Britain  decided  in  favor  of  New  York.  Acts  of  hostility 
towards  the  New  York  authorities  followed,  and  in  1777 
the  people  declared  themselves  independent  and  drew  ap  a 
state  constitution.  In  the  actions  at  Tioonderoga  and 
Crown  Point,  and  at  the  battles  of  Bennington,  Stillwater, 
and  Hubbardton,  the  "  Green  Mountain  Boys"  vindicated 
their  patriotism  and  courage.  In  1791,  after  much  opposi- 
tion on  the  part  of  New  York,  Vermont  was  admitted  to 
the  Union,  the  first  state  received  in  addition  to  the  origi- 
nal thirteen.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  the  troops  of 
Vermont  well  sustained  the  ancient  reputation  of  the 
"  Green  Mountain  Boys,"  and  in  the  battle-mortality  roll 
she  ranked  as  the  second  among  the  loyal  states,  Kansas 
taking  the  lead. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  85,425;  in  1800,  154,465; 
in  1810,217,895;  in  1820,235,981;  in  1830,  280,652;  in 
1840,  291,948;  in  1850,  314,120;  in  1860,315,098;  in  1870, 
330,651 ;  in  1880,  332,286;  in  1890,  332,442. 

Vermont,  a  post-village  in  Vermont  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
A  Quincy  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Beardstown,  and  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
banking-house,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
carriages,  spokes,  and  tiles.  Pop.  in  1890,  1158;  of  the 
township,  2111.     Here  is  an  artesian  well  900  feet  deep. 

Vermont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  17i 
miles  S.  of  Boonville.     It  has  an  elevator  and  a  store. 

Vermont,  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y.     See  Geury. 

Vermont,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1118. 

Vermont'ville,  a  post-village  in  Vermontville  town- 
ship, Eaton  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Thornapple  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  544;  of  the  township,  1718. 

Vermontville,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Malone.  It 
has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Vern,  vaiRn,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  697. 

y  er'nal,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Miss.,  about  40  milea 
N.W.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Vernaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Troia. 

Vernasca,  vfin-nis'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Piacenza.     Pop.  4487. 

Vernazza,  vSR-nit'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  on  the  side  of  a  rock  jutting  into  the  sea.  It  has 
the  ruins  of  an  old  castle.     Pop.  2213. 

Vern'dale,  a  post-village  of  Wadena  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Brainerd. 

Verner,  Alleghanyco.,  Pa.    See  Verona. 

Verneuil,  vfiR^nni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the 
Avre,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evreux.  Pop.  3267.  It  was  for- 
merly fortified,  and  has  a  church  with  a  lofty  tower,  a  cop  • 
per-foundry,  10  flour-mills,  and  a  ribbon-manufactory. 

Verneuil,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  on 
the  Vienne,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Limoges.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2220. 

Vernon,  v5R^n6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Seine,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge,  and  on 
the  Paris  A  Havre  Railway,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Mantes- 
sur-Seine.  Pop.  6384.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  has 
an  antique  church,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  cloth  and 
leather.     Near  it  is  the  forest  of  Vernon. 


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Ver'non,  a  parish  in  the  W.  part  of  Louisiana,  border- 
ing on  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1540  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sabine  Kiver,  and  drained  by 
the  Calcasieu  River,  the  Bayou  Lanacooo,  the  Bogue  Chitto, 
and  many  smaller  streams.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  presents  extensive  savannas,  or  plains 
nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Capital,  Leesville,  situated  near  the  centre  of  the 
county.     Pop.  in  1880,  6160 ;  in  1890,  5903. 

Vernon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas.  Area,  850  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Osage  River,  is  intersected  by 
the  Little  Osage,  and  also  drained  by  the  Mariniton  River 
and  Dry  Wood  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  elm,  blue 
ash,  white  ash,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staples.  Among  its  minerals  are  coal  and  carbo- 
niferous limestone.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  both  of  which  connect  with  Nevada,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,247;  in  1880,  19,369;  in  1890,  31,505. 

Vernon,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
ders on  Iowa  and  Minnesota.  Area,  800  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  intersected 
by  the  Kickapoo,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Bad  Axe  and 
Raccoon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  much  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Northern  Railroad.  Silurian  limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Viroqua.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,645;  in  1880,  23,235;  in  1890,  25,111. 

Vernon,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama 
Central  Railroad,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Selma. 

Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Yellow  Creek,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  Miss. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  sorghum.     Pop.  about  300. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  799. 

Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in  Vernon 
township,  1  mile  N.  of  Vernon  Depot  of  the  New  York  & 
New  England  Railroad,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and  several  churches. 
The  township  contains  the  villages  of  Rockville,  Talcottville, 
and  Vernon  Depot.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  8808. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about  24  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Dover. 

Vernon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Fla., 
on  Holmes  Creek,  about  100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tallahassee. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River,  about  12  miles  W.  of  La  Grange. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Lake  co..  111.     Pop.  1259. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Vandalia. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1963. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1508. 

Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Vernon  township,  on  the  Vernon  Fork  of  the  Muscatatuck 
River,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbus.  It  is  on  the  Madison  division  of  the  JefiFerson- 
ville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  2  miles  S.  of 
North  Vernon,  which  is  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  «fcc.     P.  673 ;  of  township,  2385. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.    P.  1101. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Dubuque  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  1265. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  341. 

Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
S,  bank  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  near  Bentonsport  Station, 
about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Keokuk,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Keosauqua.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a 
church.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  Vernon  township,  822. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  237. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wichita.     Pop.  755. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Kinsley. 

Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  parish,  La., 
about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
a  school  for  girls. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  575. 

Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  8J^  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Owosso,  and  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flint.   It 


has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  stave-factory,  <&o.  Pop.  about  700.  The  township 
is  drained  by  Shiawassee  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1785. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.     P.  675. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township.  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1014. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  near  the 
Big  Black  River,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  schools. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  902. 

Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Vernon 
township,  3  miles  N.  of  McAfee's  Valley  Station,  and  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  mills,  Ac.  The 
township  contains  also  Glenwood  village,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Wallkill  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1979. 

Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Skanandoa  Creek,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Utica.  It 
contains  3  or  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a 
large  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  391 ;  of  the  township, 
3013.  Here  is  a  remnant  of  the  Oneida  tribe  of  Indians. 
The  township  contains  the  village  of  Vernon  Centre. 

Vernon,  a  hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  6  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Crestline.    Here  is  Vernon  Junction  Post-Office. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township,  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pymatuning  River,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Warren,  and  12  miles  N  by  W.  of  Sharon,  Pa. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Vernon,  a  city  of  Texas,  the  capital  of  Wilbarger  oo., 
is  situated  in  a  fine  wheat-growing  section  on  the  Peace 
River,  and  on  the  Fort  Worth  A  Denver  City  Railway,  163 
miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Worth.  Vernon  has  8  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  cotton-gin,  5  steam  grain- 
elevators,  a  graded  school  edifice  of  brick  erected  at  a  cost 
of  $28,000,  3  newspaper  offices,  street-railways,  electric 
lights  and  water-works,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  ice,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1881,  35;  in  1890,  2857;  in  1894,  4000. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Lehi  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Brattleborough.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  764. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Fox  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1180. 

Vernon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Blue  Earth  River,  about  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church. 

Vernon  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Vernon  township,  about  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rome.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Vernon  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Tolland  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  A  branch  railroad 
extends  from  this  place  northward  to  Rockville.     P.  356. 

Vernon  Fork,  Indiana,  runs  southwestward  through 
Jennings  CO.,  and  enters  the  Muscatatuck  River  in  Jackson 
CO.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Brownstown. 

Vernon  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  an  iron-furnace,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  church. 

Vernon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  ff  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  N.  of  News  Ferry  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Verno'nia,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon. 

Vernon  Isles,  three  islands  lying  in  the  centre  of  the 
W.  entrance  of  Clarence  Straits,  N.W.  of  Australia.  Lat. 
12°  5'  S.;  Ion.  131°  E. 

Vernon  Junction,  Richland  co.,  0.    See  Vernoh. 

Vernon  Mil  Is,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  oo.,  Va.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Salem  Station. 

Vernon  Uiver,  or  Owl  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Mor- 
row CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Knox  co.,  and  enters  the 
Mohican  River  in  the  W.  part  of  Coshocton  co. 

Vernon  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  14^  miles  from 
Charlottetown.     Pop.  125. 

Vernon  River  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  oo., 
Prince  Edward  Isle,  on  Vernon  River,  14  miles  from  Char- 
lottetown.  It  has  a  ship-yard  and  several  stores.  Pop.  150. 

Vernon  Springs,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa. 
I  Pop.  752,  exclusive  of  Cresco. 


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Ver'nonville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  cc,  S.C.,  is 
at  Duncan's  Station  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line 
Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Spartanburg. 

Ver'nonYille,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  oo., 
Ontario,  14  miles  N.  of  Grafton.     Pop.  100. 

Vernoux,  vSR^noo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
ArdSche,  11  miles  N.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1519. 
~),^^.--^  Vernoye»  or  Wernoje,  vSr-no'y§h,  a  town  of  Russia 
yj}/^  in  Asia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Semiretchinsk,  about 
*  r  250  miles  W.  of  Kooldja.     Pop.  11,584. 

Verocz,  vi^rots',  Verocze,  vi'rol's^h,  or  Verovi- 
tica  (Ger.  Werowitz,  vi'ro-^its^),  a  town  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary, in  Slavonia,  65  miles  W.N.W,  of  Eszek.     Pop.  5501. 

Verodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Verd0X. 

Verola  Nuova,  vi-ro'l4  nwo'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  4206. 

Verola  Yecchia,  v4-ro'li  vdk'ke-i,  a  town  of  Italy, 
I  mile  "W.  of  Verola  Nuova.     Pop.  2240. 

Verolengo,  vi-ro-l6n'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  of  commune,  5853. 

Veroliy  vi'r6-lee  (anc.  Ver'ulie),  a  town  and  bishop's 
see  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Frosinone. 
Pop.  3419.     Here  are  several  suppressed  convents. 

Veromandui)  the  ancient  name  of  Vermandois. 

Verona,  vi-ro'ni  (Fr.  VSrone,  vAVon' ;  ano.  Vero'na), 
a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Verona, 
on  the  Adige,  here  crossed  by  4  bridges,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Milan  to  Venice,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mantua.  Lat. 
45*  26'  N.;  Ion.  11°  1'  E.  Pop.  66,086.  Situated  near 
the  gorges  of  Tyrol,  and  surrounded  by  the  fortresses  of 
Peschiera,  Mantua,  and  Legnano,  Verona  has  always  been 
an  important  position  for  the  defence  of  North  Italy.  It 
is  enclosed  by  a  series  of  turreted  walls  and  fortifications 
which  are  among  the  most  remarkable  works  of  military 
engineering  in  Europe.  Its  garrison  is  capable  of  accom- 
modating 20,000  men.  From  its  fine  situation,  rich  histor- 
ical remains,  and  literary  institutions,  it  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  cities  in  Italy.  The  principal  public  edifices  are 
the  church  of  St.  Zeno,  supposed  to  date  from  the  seventh 
century;  the  cathedral,  built  in  the  ninth  century;  the 
ohurch  of  St.  Anastasia,  remarkable  for  its  size  and  its 
monuments ;  the  church  of  St.  George,  noted  for  its  fine 
paintings ;  45  other  churches ;  two  magnificent  gates ;  the 
palace  of  the  Grand  Chtardiay  the  palace  of  consiglio  ;  and 
the  custom-house.  It  has  many  noble  private  palaces.  Its 
antiquities  comprise  the  celebrated  Roman  amphitheatre,  a 
building  of  imposing  grandeur,  still  used  for  public  specta- 
cles, and  traces  of  a  Roman  theatre.  The  literary  institu- 
tions of  Verona  comprise  a  lyceum  with  fine  scientific  col- 
lections, episcopal  seminary,  3  gymnasia,  a  school  of  paint- 
ing and  design,  academy  of  agriculture,  commerce,  and 
arts,  a  botanic  garden,  a  philharmonic  academy,  2  valuable 
public  libraries,  and  a  museum  with  remarkable  Etruscan 
inscriptions.  Verona  is  renowned  for  its  dye-works.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  cottons,  numerous  silk- 
mills  moved  by  water-power,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  silk 
and  rural  produce.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the  seat 
of  several  superior  courts  and  public  offices.  It  is  supposed 
to  have  been  founded  in  the  fourth  and  to  have  been  sub- 
jected to  the  Romans  in  the  second  century  before  the 
Christian  era.  It  rose  to  great  importance,  and  was  adorned 
with  numerous  magnificent  structures.  On  the  decline  of 
the  Roman  Empire  it  was  taken  by  the  Goths  and  made 
by  Theodoric  the  capital  of  his  empire.  In  774  it  was 
taken  by  Charlemagne,  and,  so  long  as  the  power  of  the 
emperors  in  Italy  lasted,  took  a  lead  among  the  Italian 
cities.  It  afterwards  became  an  independent  republic,  lost 
its  liberty,  passed  through  the  hands  of  various  masters, 
and  at  length,  weary  of  the  vicissitudes  to  which  it  had 
been  subjected,  voluntarily  ceded  itself  to  Venice,  under 
which  it  remained  till  1797.  During  the  French  domina- 
tion it  wa«  annexed  to  their  kingdom;  and  in  1866  it  was 
incorporated  with  the  present  kingdom.  It  was  the  birth- 
place of  Cornelius  Nepos,  Catullus,  the  elder  Pliny,  Paul 
Veronese,  and  many  other  distinguished  men.     Verona  is 

celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  environs. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  Veronese,  v5r^o-neez'  (It.  Veronese,  vi-ro-n4'si). 

Verona,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  partly  enclosed 
by  Tyrol  and  the  Lago  di  Garda.  Area,  1102  square  miles. 
Capita],  Verona.     Pop.  367,437. 

Verona,  v§-ro'na,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  111., 
in  Vienna  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  <fc  Southwestern 
Railroad,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  19  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Streator.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Verona,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Verona,  a  post-yillage  of  Boone  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 


ville, Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Verona,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.    Pop.  352. 

Verona,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  366. 

Verona,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.     P.  607. 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobilfl 
<fc  Ohio  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.  of  Tupelo.  It  has  2  semi- 
naries, 2  churches,  and  14  stores.     Pop.  about  750. 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  in  Spring 
River  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  hswi  a  graded  school,  3  churches, 
a  machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  479. 

Verona,  a  post-village  in  Caldwell  township,  Essex  co., 
N.J.,  7  or  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church,  a 
brush-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  The  Newark  Reform  School 
is  located  here. 

Verona,  a  post- village  in  Verona  township,  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  1  mile  E.  of  Verona  Station  of  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oneida,  and  8^  miles  S.W. 
of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery, 
Ac.  Pop.  229.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Oneida  Lake  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Oneida  Creek,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Central  Railroad.  It 
contains  Durhamville  and  New  London.     Pop.  5487. 

Verona,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  a  paper-mill,  a  saw-mill,  the  Verona  Tool- 
Works,  a  round-house,  &c.  Pop.  about  1600.  Hulton  is  the 
name  of  its  post-office  and  station.  Verona  Station  on  the 
same  railroad  is  10  miles  from  Pittsburg. 

Verona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  about  20  houses  and  a 
stave-factory. 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  South  Berlin.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  grist-mill  on 
Rock  Creek. 

Verona,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Verona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Val- 
ley Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A,  Ohio  Railroad,  5^  miles  N.E. 
of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- mill. 

Verona,  a  post-hamlet  in  Verona  township,  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  township,  1039. 

Verona  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Huron  co.,  Mich. 

V6rone,  the  French  name  of  Verona. 

Veroqna,  Wisconsin.     See  Viroqua. 

Verovitica,  Austria-Hungary.     See  Verocz. 

Ver'planck,  or  Verplanck's  Point,  a  post-village 
of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cortlandt  township,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  3  miles  below  Peekskill,  40  miles  N.  of  New 
York,  and  2  miles  from  Montrose  Station  of  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  several  manufactories 
of  bricks,  a  fine  public  schooi-house,  and  a  depot  of  the 
Knickerbocker  Ice  Company.  It  exports  great  quantities 
of  bricks  and  lime.     Pop.  1500. 

Verrader's  Island,  Pacific.     See  Traitor's  Island. 

VerVee's'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co.. 
Pa.  (a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office),  is  at  Ver- 
reeville,  a  village  li  miles  W.  of  Bustleton  Station.  The 
village  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
edge-tools. 

Verres,  vSr'rSs,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  19  miles 
E.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  1206. 

Yer'ret  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Assumption  parish, 
about  2  miles  E.  of  Grand  River,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  a  short  outlet.     It  is  nearly  12  miles  long. 

Verri^res,  v5R^Re-aiR',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Neufch&tel,  on  the  French  frontier,  6  miles  B.  of 
Pontorlier.     Pop.  1900, 

Verro,  or  Werro,  vSr'ro,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livo- 
nia, on  the  Verro,  and  on  Lake  Tammula,  44  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Dorpat.  Pop.  2010.  The  Canal  of  Verro  unites  the 
Gulfs  of  Finland  and  Livonia. 

Verruchio,  v^R-Roo'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Forli,  3  miles  N.W.  of  San  Marino. 

Versailles,  v^r-silz'  (Fr.  pron.  v4r^s&I' or  viR^si'y^h), 
a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Seine-et- 
Oise,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  communicates 
by  lines  of  railway.  Lat.  48°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  8'  E.  Pop.  in 
1891,  51,679.  It  is  divided  into  the  quarters  of  St.  Louis 
and  Notre  Dame,  to  which  Montreuil  is  attached,  and  is 
remarkable  for  the  elegance  and  regularity  of  its  construc- 
tion. Versailles  is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  handsomest 
towns  in  Europe.  The  Place  Hoche  has  a  statue  of  General 
Hoche,  and  from  the  Plaoe  da  Chftteau  diverge  the  3  grand 


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avenues  of  Paris,  St.  Cloud,  and  Sceaux,  finely  planted  with 
trees.  The  chief  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Louis,  the 
prefeoture,  the  chancery,  and  the  magnificent  Palace  of 
Versailles,  now  used  as  an  historical  museum,  with  its  im- 
mense galleries  freshly  decorated  and  containing  a  series  of 
paintings  and  statues  arranged  in  chronological  order  from 
Clovis  downwards.  Connect^  with  the  palace  are  a  superbly 
decorated  chapel  and  theatre,  an  orangery,  spacious  flower- 
gardens,  and  a  park,  in  which  are  numerous  statues  and 
splendid  fountains,  supplied  with  water  by  the  machine  of 
Marly,  and  at  the  extremity  of  the  park  the  two  palaces 
called  the  Great  and  Little  Trianon.  Versailles  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  national  college,  a  normal  school,  many 
scientific  and  literary  societies,  a  public  library  of  60,000 
volumes,  and  a  chamber  of  commerce.  The  Palace  of  Ver- 
sailles, built  by  Louis  XIV.,  was  from  1672  to  1790  the 
residence  of  the  Kings  of  France.  Many  treaties  have  been 
signed  here,  at  one  of  which,  in  1783,  England  recognized 
the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America ;  and  here, 
on  the  20th  of  June,  1789,  the  representatives  of  the  com- 
munes of  France  constituted  the  national  assembly  and 
took  the  famous  oath  of  the  Jeu-de-Paume.  From  1790  to 
1837  Versailles  was  nearly  deserted,  but  since  the  opening 
of  the  museum  in  the  latter  year  it  has  regained  its  former 
importance.  In  1870  it  became  the  head-quarters  of  the 
German  invaders,  and  here  the  German  Empire  was  pro- 
claimed. In  1875  it  was  declared  the  legal  capital  of 
France,  which  it  continued  to  be  until  1879. 

Versailles,  v§r-sailz',  a  post-village  in  Sprague  town- 
ship. New  London  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Shetucket  River  and 
the  New  York  <k  New  England  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E, 
of  Willlmantic,  and  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  cassimeres. 

Yersailles,  a  post-village  in  Versailles  township.  Brown 
00.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Quincy, 
and  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Illinois  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1718;  of  the  village,  517. 

Versailles,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind., 
in  Johnson  township,  on  Laughery  Creek,  about  27  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Madison,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  495. 

Versailles,  a  beautiful  post-town,  capital  of  Woodford 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  about  14  miles  W.  of  Lexington,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Frankfort,  and  5  miles  E.  of  the  Kentucky  Rirer.  It 
contains  a  brick  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an 
academy,  the  Cleveland  Orphan  Institute,  and  several  dis- 
tilleries. It  is  supplied  with  pure  water  issuing  from  a 
cave  or  natural  conduit  which  extends  under  the  founda- 
tions of  the  houses.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Versailles,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo., 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Sedalia,  and  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Jefferson  City.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
4  churches,  a  bank,  and  10  furnaces  for  smelting  lead. 
Large  quantities  of  lead  (galena)  are  mined  in  Morgan  co. 
Pop.  in  1880,  578;  in  1890,  1211. 

V  ersailles,  a  post-village  in  Perrysburg  township,  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Cattaraugus  Creek,  about  30  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  water-power,  a  church,  and  2 
flour-mills.     Pop.  about  300. 

Versailles,  a  post-village  in  AVayne  township,  Darke 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  between  Sidney  and  Union  City,  17 
miles  E.  of  Union  City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  Ac.      P.  (1890)  1386. 

Versailles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  several 
churches  in  its  vicinity. 

Versailles,  v^r-sailz',  or  Soixante,  swi-zdNt',  a  post- 
village  in  Iberville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford 
<k  Chambly  Railroad,  7  miles   E.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Verschoyle,  vfir-shoil',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co., 
Ontario,  6i  miles  S.  of  Ingersoll.     Pop.  175. 

Versecz,  Versetz,  Wer8chetz,v4R'sh5t8\  or  Ver- 
schitz,  vSn'shits^  a  fortified  town  of  the  Hungarian  Banat, 
rjo.  and  41  miles  S.  of  Temesvar.  Pop.  19,643.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  Greek  bishop,  and  has  a  college  and  cavalry  bar- 
racks. In  its  vicinity  large  quantities  of  wine,  silk,  and 
rice  are  raised. 

Vershire,  v^r'sheer,  a  post-village  in  Vershire  town- 
ship. Orange  co.,  Vt.,  6  or  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chelsea,  and  about 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  has  mines  of  copper,  which  employ  about  300 
men.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1140. 

Versmold,  ffins'molt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
24  miles  E.N.E.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  1486. 


Versovah,  v£r-so'v&,  a  town  of  India,  14  miles  N.  of 
Bombay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Salsette. 

Vertaison,  vfiRHi-zAn"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Donje,  9  miles  E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2005. 

Vertou,  vfiB^too',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf^ri- 
ure,  near  the  S&rre-Nantaise,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Nantes.  P.  737. 

Vertus,  Les,  li  vfiaHii',  a  town  of  Frarce,  department 
of  Marne,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chaions-sur-Mame.  P.  2371. 

Verulse,  the  ancient  name  of  Veroli. 

Vervick,  or  Werwicq,  vfiR'vik,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ypres.  It 
has  tobacco-manufactures  and  linen-weaving.     Pop.  6797. 

Verviers,  v4RVe-i',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
14  miles  E.  of  Liege,  on  the  railway  to  Cologne,  and  on  the 
Vesdre.  Pop.  32,381.  It  has  celebrated  manufactories  of 
woollen  cloth  and  yarn,  for  which  various  steam  and  water 
mills  are  employed;  it  has  also  dyeing-  and  soap-works, 
breweries,  Ac. 

Vervil'la,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles 
from  Morrison  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Vervins,  vftRViu*'  (ano.  Vervi'num,  or  Verbi'nnm),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Laon.  Pop.  2889.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  col- 
lege, and  manufactures  of  tricots  and  cotton  fabrics.  In 
1598  a  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  here  between  Henry 
IV.  and  Philip  II.  of  Spain. 

Verznolo,  vSr-zwo'Io,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  3981. 

Vescovana,  vfis-ko-vi'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Padua, 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Este.     Pop.  3783. 

Vescovato,  v5s-ko-va'to,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  2242. 

Vesdre,  vfisd'r,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and  the 
Belgian  province  of  Liege,  joins  the  Ourthe  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Liege,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles,  past  Limbourg  and 
Verviers.     Its  valley  is  highly  picturesque. 

Vesegonsk,  vi-si-g6nsk',  written  also  Wessje- 
gonsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  134  miles  N.B. 
of  Tver.     Pop.  3586. 

Vesle,  orVele,  vail  or  v5l,  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ments of  Marne  and  Aisne,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  miles, 
past  Reims,  joins  the  Aisne  6  miles  E.  of  Soissons. 

Vesontio,  the  ancient  name  of  BESANgoN. 

Vesoul,  v§h-zool',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Haute-8a6ne,  at  the  foot  of  a  vine-clad  height, 
the  Motte-de- Vesoul,  near  the  Durgeon,  an  affluent  of 
the  Sa&ne,  27  miles  N.  of  Besanjon.  Lat.  47°  38'  N. ;  Ion. 
6°  10'  E.  Pop.  9097.  It  has  a  lycSe  or  college,  a  normal 
school,  a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  calicoes,  caps, 
and  leather. 

Ves'per,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Kansas. 

Vesper,  a  post-hamlet  in  TuUy  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vesper,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon. 

Vesper,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township.  Wood  oo., 
Wis.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Centralia.  It  has  a  large  lumber 
mill. 

Vesprim,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Veszprih. 

Vest,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Mo. 

Ves'ta,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Teoumseh,  and  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Nebraska  City. 

Ves'tabnrg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Montcalm  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad,  II 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Ves'tal,  a  post-village  of  Broome  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Vestal 
township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  9  miles  W.  of 
Binghamton,  and  i  mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  40  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2026. 

Vestal  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vestal  townships 
Broome  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Cnoconut  Creek,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ves'tel,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  oo.,  Montana. 

Vestervik,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden.    See  Westervik. 

Vest's,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.,  13  miles  W. 
of  Murphy. 

Vesunna,  an  ancient  name  of  PiRiexTEux. 

Vesuvius,  ve-su'vl-us  (It.  Veauvio,  vi-soo've-o),  a 
celebrated  mountain  of  Sosth  Italy,  and  the  only  active 
volcano  of  any  consequence  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Naples.  Lat.  of  crater,  40°  49'  N. ; 
Ion.  14°  26'  E.  It  rises  out  of  a  fertile  and  luxuriant  plain 
to  the  height  of  3948  feet  above  the  sea,  the  diameter  of 
the  circular  area  occupied  by  it  and  Monte  Somma  being 
about  8  miles.  Its  lower  part  is  a  sloping  plain,  covered 
with  stones  and  scoriae,  3  miles  in  length,  and  rising  to 
2000  feet,  above  which  a  cone  of  black  stones  extends  to 


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8500  feet.  It  is  flanked  on  the  land-side  by  Monte  Somma, 
an  abrupt  circular  precipice.  The  summit  of  its  cone  la 
2000  feet  in  diameter,  and,  after  the  eruption  of  1839,  had 
In  its  centre  a  crater  1500  feet  in  diameter  and  500  fqet 
deep.  Somma  and  Vesuvius  are  very  diflferent  in  their 
geological  formation:  the  former  consists  of  leucite,  por- 
phyry, tufa,  and  rocks  containing  shells ;  Vesuvius  is  almost 
wholly  composed  of  lava  and  scoria^.""  Around  it  large  num- 
bers of  simple  minerals  have  been  discovered,  and  the  vege- 
table products  on  its  flanks  comprise  many  plants  not  found 
elsewhere  in  Italy.  The  famous  wine  Lacrima  Christi  is 
raised  on  its  sides.  The  earliest  eruptions  of  Vesuvius  are 
lost  in  remote  antiquity,  and  no  symptoms  of  its  activity 
had  been  evinced  within  the  memory  of  man  till  a.d.  63, 
when  an  earthquake  damaged  many  of  the  surrounding 
cities.  In  79  it  again  began  to  show  symptoms  of  activity, 
and  immediately  thereafter  sent  forth  the  terrible  eruption 
which  buried  the  cities  of  Herculaneum,  Pompeii,  and 
StabisB.  A  succession  of  eruptions  followed,  more  especi- 
ally in  203,  472,  512,  and  993,  but  were  not  attended  with 
any  flow  of  lava.  The  firstrecorded  discharge  of  liquid 
Java  took  place  in  103B!  ^nce  then  various  ernptions, 
some  of  them  extremely  violent,  have  occurred.  Among 
others  may  be  specified  those  of  1779,  1794,  1834,  1838, 
1847,  1850,  1855,  1858,  1861,  1867-68,  1872,  and  1876.  A 
so-called   railway  (rather  cable  tram)   from   its   base  to 

near  the  summit  was  opened  in  1880. Adj.  Vesdviak, 

ve-su've-an. 

TesuviuS)  ve-su'vl-us,  a  station  in  Lawrence  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Iron  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

Veszprim,  Yesprim,  vfis'prim^  or  Wesprim,  ^4s'- 
prim\  a  town  of  West  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the 
Sed,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Buda.  Pop.  12,002.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  an 
episcopal  palace,  Piarist  and  Roman  Catholic  colleges,  and 
a  brisk  trade  in  salt,  corn,  wine,  potash,  and  glass. 

Yeszpriin,  or  Wesprini)  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Hungary.  It  is  occupied  in  the  S.  by  part  of  Lake  Bala- 
tony.     Pop.  201,431. 

Vet'eran,  a  township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.     P.  2373. 

Vetlooga,  Vetiouga,  or  Yetluga,  vdt-loo'g^  writ- 
ten also  Betluga  and  Wetiugaj  a  river  of  Russia,  chiefly 
in  the  governments  of  Kostroma  and  Nizhnee-Novgorod, 
flows  S.,  past  Vetlooga,  and  joins  the  Volga,  after  a  course 
of  300  miles. 

Vetlooga,  Vetlouga,  Vetlnga,  or  Betluga,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kostroma,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Vetlooga,  75  miles  E.  of  Makariev.     Pop.  3939. 

Ye 'to,  a  post-oflSce  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

Veto,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marietta. 

Veto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  line 
between  Alabama  and  Tennessee,  and  on  the  Nashville  & 
Decatur  Railroad,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Columbia. 

Yetralla,  vi-tril'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Viterbo.     Pop.  3741. 

Vetschan,  ffit'shSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 44  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2278. 

Veuies,  vul,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inflrieure,  on 
the  English  Channel,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dieppe. 

Yeurne,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Furnes. 

Yevay,  ve-vi'  or  v§h-vi'  (Ger.  Vivit,  vee'vis),  a  town 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne.  Pop.  7887.  The  church  of  St. 
Martin  contains  the  tomb  of  the  regicide  Ludlow,  who 
died  here  in  exile.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  wool- 
lens, and  jewelry,  and  a  trade  in  wine. 

Yevay,  ve-va',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Switzerland 
30.,  Ind.,  in  Jeff'erson  township,  is  finely  situated  on  the 
Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Madison.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  cigars,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods.  It  was  settled 
in  1813  by  a  company  of  Swiss  emigrants.  Hay  and  onions 
are  the  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  1663. 

Yevay,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  2597. 

Vexio,  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Wexio. 

Veyle,  vil,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Ain,  flows  first  N.,  and  then  W.,  and  joins  the  Sa6ne  a 
little  below  Micon,  after  a  course  of  about  65  miles. 

Vezeer-  (or  Vezir-)  Kopri,  v4-zeer'-ko'pree,  or 
Kedikalah,  k4'dee-ki'l&,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Samsoon.  Pop.  5000.  It  is  divided  into 
quarters  by  intersecting  walls,  and  has  a  tolerable  bazaar. 

Vezelay,  v?h-z§h-li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  8 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Avallon.  It  was  the  birthplace  of  Theo- 
dore de  Beza  and  Vauban.  St.  Bernard  preached  the  crusade 
to  the  parliament  of  Vezelay  in  1145. 


V6zfere,  vi'zaiR',  a  river  of  France,  in  CorrSze  and 
Dordogne,  joins  the  Dordogne  20  miles  E.  of  Bergerae, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  100  miles. 

Y6z6re,  Haute,  hot  vi'zaiR',  a  river  of  France,  de- 
partments of  Corr^ze  and  Dordogne,  joins  the  Isle  6  miles 
E.  of  P6rigueux,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Yezon,  v§h-z6ii°',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  24 
miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1781. 

Vezonze,  v^h-zooz',  a  river  of  France,  in  Meurthe, 
rises  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the 
Meurthe  at  Lun^ville.     Total  course,  45  miles. 

Yezza,  vit'sk,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  66  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Val-Grande.     Pop.  1850. 

Yiacula,  India.     See  Beacull. 

Viadana,  ve-&-d&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Mantua,  on  the  Po,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  5453. 
It  has  linen-factories. 

Viadeiros,  ve-&-di'e-roce,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Goyaz. 

Viagrande,  ve-&-gr&n'd&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Catania,  on  the  slope  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  2289. 

Via  Mala,  ve'4  mi'li  ("bad  or  difficult  way"),  a  deep 
defile  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  along  the  Upper 
Rhine,  between  Chur  and  the  Spliigen,  about  4  miles  in 
length,  and  walled  in  by  precipices  in  some  places  1600 
feet  in  height. 

Yiamfto,  ve-&-m5wN<>',  a  lake  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul.  It  stretches  from  N.  to  S.  over  a  large 
space  between  the  mouth  of  the  Jacuhy  and  the  Lake  of 
Patos,  and  receives,  besides  the  Jacuhy,  other  streams. 

Yiamfto,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  above  lake,  about  12  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Porto-Alegre. 

Viana,  ve-&'n&,  or  Viana  do  Castello,  a  seaport 
town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Lima,  40  miles  N.  of  Oporto.  Pop.  8871.  It  is  enclosed 
by  turreted  walls,  and  has  a  harbor  defended  by  batteries, 
an  active  coasting-trade,  a  fishery,  and  a  large  annual  fair. 

Viana,  ve-&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  near  the 
Ebro,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2979.  It  has 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollens  and  hats. 

Vianen,  ve-^'n^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Leek,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utrecht.     P.  3259. 

Vianna,  ve-in'n&,  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Alemtejo,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evora,  near  the  Jarama. 
Pop.  3984. 

Vianos,  ve-&'nooe,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
province  and  about  45  miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1631. 

Viar,  ve-aR',  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  near  Montemolin, 
province  of  Badajos,  flows  about  50  miles  S.E.,  and  joins 
the  Guadalquivir  at  Cantillana,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Seville. 

Viareggio,  ve-i-rWjo,  a  seaport  town  of  Central  Italy, 
13  miles  W.  of  Lucca,  on  the  Mediterranean,  with  9371  in- 
habitants, a  harbor  defended  by  a  fort,  and  export  trade  in 
statuary  marble.     It  is  a  favorite  watering-place. 

Viasma,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Viazma. 

Viatka,  or  Wjatka,  ve-it'ki,  a  river  of  Russia,  trav- 
ersing all  the  centre  of  the  government  to  which  it  gives 
name,  rises  17  miles  N.  of  Glazov,  flows  N.W.  and  S.,  and 
joins  the  Kama  in  the  government  of  Kazan,  after  a  course 
of  500  miles. 

Viatka,  or  Wjatka,  a  large  government  of  European 
Russia,  in  its  E.  part,  between  lat.  55°  30'  and  60°  N.  and 
Ion.  46°  and  54°  E.,  having  N.  Vologda,  E.  Perm,  W.  Kos- 
troma, and  S.  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Kazan,  and  Orenboorg, 
from  which  last  it  is  separated  by  the  Kama.  Area,  59,114 
square  miles.  Pop.  2,740,953,  comprising  many  Tartar 
tribes  and  about  50,000  Mohammedans.  Its  E.  part  is 
covered  with  the  extreme  ramifications  of  the  Ural  Moun- 
tains ;  surface  elsewhere  undulating  or  level.  A  surplus  of 
corn  over  home  consumption  is  raised.  Principal  crops,  rye, 
barley,  and  oats,  with  some  wheat,  and  pease,  lentils,  flax, 
and  hemp.  The  climate  is  too  severe  for  fruits  to  ripen,  and 
potatoes  are  grown  only  in  gardens.  Forests  of  fir,  oak, 
elm,  and  birch  are  very  extensive.  Cattle-rearing  is  of  less 
importance  than  agriculture.  Furs,  tar,  iron,  and  copper 
are  the  chief  products.  Manufactures  are  increasing; 
there  lately  were  about  60  woollen,  linen,  and  other  fac- 
tories for  woven  goods  in  the  government.  Paper,  soap, 
potash,  leather,  and  copper- wares  are  made;  fire-arms  are 
manufactured  at  Sarapool,  and  at  Viatka  anchors,  gun- 
carriages,  and  iron  machinery  on  a  large  scale.  The  ex- 
ports are  corn,  timber,  and  manufactured  goods.  The  im- 
ports comprise  salt,  tea,  and  other  Asiatic  produce. 

Viatka,  or  Wjatka,  a  city  of  Russia,  the  capital  oi 
the  above  government,  on  the  Viatka,  near  the  influx  of 
the  Tcheptsa.     Lat.  58°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  E.     Pop.  24.004. 


VIA 


2725 


VIC 


It  has  2  convents,  diocesan  and  high  schools,  gymnasium, 
extensive  distilleries  and  iron-works,  and  is  the  great  centre 
of  the  commerce  of  the  government. 

Yiatlsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Velsk. 

Yiaur,  ve-5R',  a  river  of  Prance,  rises  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aveyron,  flows  circuitously  S.W.,  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  the  departments  of  Tarn  and  Avey- 
ron, and  joins  the  Aveyron.     Length,  60  miles. 

Yiazma,  or  Viasma)  ve-iz'mi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  100  miles  B.N.E.  of  Smolensk,  on  the 
Viazma,  an  aflSuent  of  the  Dnieper.  Pop.  11,637.  It  has 
22  churches  and  convents,  several  schools,  and  a  trade  in 
linen,  hemp,  linseed,  and  hempseed.  The  French  were 
defeated  here  by  the  Russians,  October  22,  1812. 

Yiazniki)  or  Wiasniki,  ve-ls-nee'kee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  78  miles  E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Kliasma.  Pop. 
4411.     It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather. 

Yib'bard,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern 
Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington. 

Yibinuni)  the  ancient  name  of  BoviKO. 

Yibo,  an  ancient  name  of  Bivona. 

Yibo,  an  ancient  name  of  Monteleone. 

Viboidoue,  ve-bol-do'ni,  or  Yicoboldone,  ve-ko- 
bol-do'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  from 
Milan,  between  the  Lambro  and  the  Olona. 

Yiborg,  or  Wiborg,  vee'boRO,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  small  lake  of  Viborg,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Aarhuus. 
Pop.  6422.  It  has  a  cathedral,  manufactures  of  woollen 
fabrics,  cards,  leather,  and  tobacco,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Yiborg,  Wiborg,  Wyborg,  vee'boRg,  or  Yibonrg, 
vee'booRg,  written  also  Wiburg  and  Yyborg  (Finnish, 
Wilpuri,  *ii-poo'ree),  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  capital 
of  a  government,  on  a  deep  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland, 
74  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  12,009.  It  consists 
of  the  town  proper  and  the  St.  Petersburg  and  Viborg 
suburbs.  The  citadel  is  built  on  the  site  of  the  original 
town,  founded  by  the  Swedes  in  1293.  Viborg  has  a  college 
and  a  female  school,  and  an  active  export  trade.  In  its 
vicinity  is  the  park  of  Monrepos,  a  favorite  holiday  resort 
of  the  inhabitants. 

Yiborg,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Finland.    Area,  16,623  square  miles.    Pop.  278,754. 

Yibraye,  vee^bri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  25 
miles  E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1531. 

Yicalvaro,  ve-kil-vi'ro,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  province  and  about  4  miles  from  Madrid,  with 
fine  alabaster-quarries.     Pop.  2412. 

Yicarello,  ve-ki-r8l'lo  (anc.  Vi'cus  Aure'liif),  a  vil- 
lage of  Central  Italy,  near  the  N.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Brac- 
ciano,  with  ruins  of  an  imperial  villa  of  the  time  of  Trajan, 
and  mineral  waters  (the  ancient  Ther'mte  Aure'limf). 

Yicari,  ve-ki'ree,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  49 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4328. 

Yic'ar's  Switch,  a  post-oflSce  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Christiansburg. 

Yic  en  Bigorre,  veek  flu"  bee^goR',  a  town  of  France, 
In  Hautes-Py ranges,  11  miles  N.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  3472. 

Yicenza,  ve-sin'za  or  ve-chfin'z4  (anc.  Vicen'tia),  a 
city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Vioenza,  on  the 
Bacchiglione,  40  miles  W.  of  Venice,  with  which  it  commu- 
nicates by  railway.  Lat.  45°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  33'  E.  Pop. 
27,694.  It  is  enclosed  by  dry  moats  and  decaying  walls, 
but  it  has  many  handsome  edifices,  built  by  Palladio,  a 
native  of  the  city.  Its  public  buildings  comprise  a  cathe- 
dral and  several  other  churches,  episcopal  and  numerous 
other  palaces,  a  city  hall,  a  theatre,  a  triumphal  arch  lead- 
ing to  the  Campo  Marzo,  lyceum,  clerical  seminary,  orphan 
asylum,  and  several  hospitals.  It  has  a  public  library,  2 
gymnasia,  a  society  of  agriculture,  and  manufactures  of 
silk,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics,  hosiery,  hats,  paper,  porce- 
lain and  earthenware,  leather,  gold  and  silver  articles, 
&c.,  with  a  brisk  trade  in  its  manufactures,  in  timber,  corn, 
and  other  agricultural  produce.  Vicentia,  after  being  pil- 
laged successively  by  Alaric,  Attila,  the  Lombards,  and  the 
emperor  Frederick  II.,  came  early  in  the  fifteenth  century 
into  the  possession  of  the  Venetians,  who  held  it  till  the 

downfall  of  their  republic  in    1796. Adj.  and  inhab. 

ViCENTiNE,  ve-s8n-teen'  (It.  Vicentino,  ve-chSn-tee'no). 

Yicenza,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  bordering  on 
Tyrol.     Area,  1041  square  miles.     Pop.  (1885)  419,403. 

Yic  Fezensac,  veek  fi^z6N»^z4k',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Gers,  on  the  Losse,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Auch.  Pop.  3000. 
It  has  manufactures  of  chemicals,  leather,  and  wine. 

Yich,  vik,  or  Vique,  veek  (anc.  Auaona,  afterwards 
Vieut  ?),  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  N.N.E.  of 


Barcelona.  Pop.  13,712.  It  has  a  cathedral  with  som« 
curious  architecture  and  which  in  the  tenth  century  wa« 
the  metropolitan  see  of  Catalonia,  and  manufactures  of 
linen,  hempen,  printed  cotton,  and  coarse  woollen  fabrics. 
It  is  famous  for  its  sausages. 

Yichada,  ve-chi'ni,  a  river  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  flows  E.  through  the  great  N.  plain  of  South 
America,  and  joins  the  Orinoco,  after  a  course  of  260  miles. 
Yichera,  a  river  of  Russia.  See  Vishera. 
Yichy,  vee^shee',  or  Moutiers-Ies-Bains,  mooHe- 
4'-li-biH»  (anc.  A'qua  Cal'idse),  a  town  of  France,  in  AUier, 
1  mile  W.  of  Cusset,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  AUier.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  well-frequented  baths,  hotels,  and 
lodging-houses,  2  hospitals,  and  a  fine  park.  The  hatha 
were  known  to  the  Romans.     Pop.  6154. 

Yick'ery'8  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  sonthwestward 
through  Milton  co.,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  River 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Atlanta. 

Yickery*s  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  Qa., 
on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Yick'eryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Yick'ner  Bayon,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  of  Ascension 
parish.  La. 

Yicks'burg,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.   P.  392 

Yicksburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Allen  township,  Jewell 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Jewell  Centre. 

Yicksburg,  a  post-village  in  Brady  and  Schoolcraft 
townships,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  small  lake,  near  Por- 
tage River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &,  Lake  Huron  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Schoolcraft,  and  13  miles  S.  by  E.of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  flour-mills,  2  planing-mills,  ko.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Yicksburg,  a  post-office  of  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Yicksburg,  the  largest  city  of  Mississippi,  and  the 
capital  of  Warren  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
about  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo,  and  400  miles 
above  New  Orleans.  It  is  45  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Yicksburg  <fc  Meridian  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport 
A  Texas  Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  cross  the  river  by  a 
ferry-boat.  Its  site  is  elevated  and  uneven.  Vicksburg  is 
a  port  of  entry,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  About  90,000 
bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  a  year.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  4  churches  for  freedmen,  6  other  churches,  2 
banks,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers,  5  grammar-schools,  a  manufactory  of  railroad- 
cars,  gas-works,  and  several  iron-foundries.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  &  Ship  Island  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1880,  11,814;  in  1890,  13,373.  During  the  civil 
war  Vicksburg  was  strongly  fortified  by  the  Confederates, 
who  repulsed  several  times  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the 
Union ;  but,  after  a  long  siege,  General  Pemberton  surren« 
dered  the  place  to  General  Grant,  July  4,  1863. 

Yicksburg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Union  co..  Pa, 
on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Yicks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Yic-le-Comte,  veek-l§h-k6Nt,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  2134. 

Vico,  vee'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  on 
Monte  Gargano,  14  miles  W.  of  Viesti.  Pop.  7682.  It  haa 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  wax  candles,  and  a  trade  in 
wine,  olives,  and  saffron. 

Yico,  ve'ko,  a  town  of  Corsica,  17  miles  N.  of  Ajacoio. 
Pop.  1406. 

Yicoboldone,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Viboldone. 

Yico  Equense,  vee'ko  4-kw6n'si  (anc.  E'quaf),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  on  a 
headland  in  the  Bay  of  Naples.     Pop.  of  commune,  11,208. 

Yicomarino,  vee^ko-mi-ree'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  of  commune,  5154. 

Yiconago,  ve-ko-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  27  miles  from  Como.  It  has  mines  of  argentiferous 
lead,  copper,  and  antimony. 

Yi<josa,  ve-so'si,  or  Cometa,  ko-m4't&,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  140  miles  W.  of  Cearfi,  in  the  Serra 
Ibiapaba.     The  most  of  the  inhabitants  are  Indians. 

Yicovaro,  ve-ko-v&'ro  (anc.  Va'ria),  a  town  of  Italy, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Tivoli. 

Yic'tor,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  and  Poweshiek  cos., 
Iowa,  in  Hartford  and  Warren  townships,  on  Bear  Creek, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  12^ 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Marengo.    It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 


Yie 


2726 


VIC 


money-order  post-office,  a  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  aboat  750. 

Victor,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Victor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victor  township,  Clinton  oc, 
Mich.,  on  Looking  Glass  River,  and  on  the  Saginaw  di- 
vision of  the  Michigan  Central  Kailroad,  about  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  the  township,  968. 

Victor,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co,,  Minn.,  about  40 
miles  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  contains  4  churches.  Pop. 
1076,  Howard  Lake  Station  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad  is  in  the  N.  part  of  this  township. 

Victor,  a  post-village  in  Victor  township,  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Can- 
andaigua.  It  has  5  churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  and  a  distillery.   Pop.  506 ;  of  the  township,  2648. 

Victor  Centre,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Aurora. 

Victoria,  vik-to're-a  (formerly  called  the  Port  Phil- 
lip District,  or  Southern  District  of  New  South 
Wales,  from  which  colony  it  was  separated  July  1,  1851),  a 
British  colonial  territory  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Australia,  com- 
prised within  lat.  34°  and  39°  S.  and  Ion.  141°  and  150°  E.; 
bounded  W.  by  the  141st  meridian,  beyond  which  is  South 
Australia,  S.  by  Bass's  Strait  to  Cape  Howe,  N.  by  New 
South  Wales,  separated  from  it  by  the  Murray  River  east- 
ward to  its  source,  and  thence  by  a  straight  line  to  Cape 
Howe.  The  country  has  a  triangular  shape,  with  the  apex 
at  Cape  Howe,  and  the  W.  boundary,  as  a  line  of  base,  ex- 
tending 275  miles.  The  length  from  Cape  Howe  to  this 
boundary  is  490  miles,  and  the  average  breadth  150  to  200 
miles.  Area,  88,198  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1851,  77,345; 
in  1861,  548,944  ;  in  1881,  862,346  ;  in  1891, 1,140,405.  This 
increase  of  population  is  unprecedented  in  the  annals  of 
British  colonies,  the  gold  discoveries  and  general  success  of 
the  colony  having  attracted  a  continuous  stream  of  emigrants 
for  several  years.  The  colony  has  a  coast-line  600  miles  in 
length,  but  there  are  few  harbors  except  Port  Phillip.  It  is 
very  generally  covered  with  grass,  and  either  open  or  over- 
spread with  open  forests.  Towards  the  E.  is  a  considerable 
alpine  region,  whence  issue  the  source  and  chief  tributaries 
of  the  Murray.  The  highest  of  these  ranges,  the  Austra- 
lian Alps  (called  farther  W.  the  Australian  Pyrenees), 
rises  in  Mount  Kosciusko  to  7285  feet,  the  highest  land  in 
Australia;  N.  of  this  is  a  lofty  group,  containing  Mount 
Hotham,  6414  feet  above  the  sea.  In  the  Qrampians,  to 
the  westward.  Mount  William  rises  to  4500  feet.  There  are 
many  volcanic  hills  throughout  the  western  districts.  The 
chief  river  is  the  Murray,  whose  main  stream  flows  from 
the  Australian  Alps.  From  the  S.  flow  into  the  Murray 
those  rivers  that  drain  the  Victoria  territory, — Mitta  Mitta, 
Ovens,  Goulburn,  Campaspe,  Loddon,  Avoca,  and  Wimmera, 
which  last,  after  passing  Lakes  Hindmarsh  and  Albacutya, 
loses  itself  in  the  sand  and  scrub,  except  when  its  upper 
waters  are  swollen  with  heavy  rains.  The  other  rivers  are 
the  Snowy  River  and  several  streams  of  Gippsland,  flowing 
into  its  lake-system ;  the  Yarra  Yarra,  passing  Melbourne; 
the  Barwon,  passing  Geelong ;  and  the  Glenelg,  at  the  W. 
boundary.  Gippsland  is  a  maritime  region  extending  180 
miles  W.  from  Cape  Howe,  and  comprising  several  lagoons 
known  as  the  Gippsland  Lakes.  The  climate  is  reckoned 
the  finest  in  the  entire  Southern  hemisphere, -tfnd  is  fully 
equal  to  that  of  Lisbon.  Mean  annual  temperature  of  Mel- 
bourne, 57°  F ;  spring,  57° ;  summer,  66°  ;  autumn,  68° ; 
winter,  49°.  The  coldest  period  of  the  year  is  from  July  20 
to  24,  when  the  thermometer  stands  at  44°,  while  the  lowest 
temperature  ever  experienced  is  32°.  Occasionally  during 
the  hot  winds  of  January  the  temperature  rises  to  111° 
in  the  shade.  Cattle-raising  is  extensively  carried  on,  and 
the  colony  has  been  very  successful  in  introducing  foreign 
animals :  camels,  alpacas,  llamas.  Cashmere  goats,  and  Brit- 
ish birds  are  now  abundant,  and  salmon  are  bred  in  the 
rivers.  The  imports  in  1842  amounted  to  £277,427;  in 
1885  they  amounted  to  £18,044,604.  The  quantity  of  wool 
exported  in  1861  was  23,923,195  pounds,  and  in  1885, 
83,200,613  pounds.  The  total  exports  in  1885  were 
£16,551,758,  and  the  tonnage  of  vessels  entering  and  clear- 
ing ports  of  the  colony  was  respectively  1,631,266  and 
1,628,892  tons.  The  approximate  revenue  for  1885-86  was 
£6,416,405,  and  the  expenditures  £6,605,901.  At  the  end 
of  June,  1886,  the  public  debt  amounted  to  £30,127,882. 

The  minerals  comprise  gold,  silver,  iron,  tin,  antimony, 
and  coal ;  but  the  extraordinary  richness  of  the  gold-fields 
has  prevented  much  attention  being  paid  to  the  other  min- 
eral products.  The  coal-fields  occupy  an  area  of  about  3000 
square  miles,  chiefly  in  Gippsland  and  Portland  Bay  dis- 
trict and  in  the  vicinity  of  Geelong.     Iron  ore  is  plentiful. 


especially  at  Sandhurst;  tin  in  the  Ovens  district.  The 
auriferous  districts  of  Victoria  extend  Over  about  16,000 
square  miles,  but  of  this  wide  area  only  a  small  part  is 
worked.  The  total  value  of  the  gold  raised  in  Victoria  from 
1861  to  1 885  is  estimated  at  £214,912,000.  In  religious  affairs 
there  are  no  national  establishments ;  but  formerly  the  sum 
of  £50,000  was  annually  distributed  out  of  the  general 
revenue  for  the  advancement  of  the  Christian  religion  in 
Victoria  to  all  the  Christian  sects,  proportioned  to  popu- 
lation. This  custom  was  abolished  in  1875.  There  is  a 
university  at  Melbourne,  with  its  two  affiliated  colleges 
(Churoh  of  England  and  Presbyterian),  on  a  costly  scale, 
a  national  museum,  and  a  very  large  public  library.  The 
colony  is  divided  into  24  counties  and  3  districts,  the  latter 
being  the  interior  parts  as  yet  unreduced  into  counties. 
The  chief  towns  are  Melbourne  and  Geelong,  and  the 
smaller  but  incorporated  towns  of  Ballarat,  Sandhurst, 
Castlemaine,  Beechworth,  Portland,  Kyneton,  &c.  Roads 
and  railroads  are  being  extensively  constructed.  In  the  year 
1861  121  miles  of  railway  had  been  opened,  and  in  1891 
the  number  of  miles  opened  was  2764 ;  length  of  telegraph 
lines,  7100  miles.  In  1855  Victoria  was  granted  self-gov- 
ernment. The  ballot  system  and  manhood  suffrage  have 
been  enacted.  The  governor  is  of  imperial  nomination,  and 
is  assisted  by  the  colonial  parliament,  which  consists  of  a 
council  and  assembly,  the  first  elected  by  a  property  quali- 
fication as  to  voter  and  member,  the  second  witnout  either . 

Victoria,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Mascara. 

Victoria,  vik-to'r^-^,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texaa, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  \>j 
the  Guadalupe  River.  Lavaca  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  grass,  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  in 
various  directions  by  the  lines  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company.  Capital,  Victoria.  Pop.  in  1870,  4860 ;  in 
1880,6289;  in  1890,  8737. 

Victoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala.,  21  miles  S. 
of  Troy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  III.,  in  Victoria 
and  Copley  townships,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria,  and 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  3  ohurches.  Pop. 
about  300  ;  of  Victoria  township,  1190. 

Victoria,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  385. 

Victoria,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Hays  City.  Here 
is  the  English  Victoria  Colony,  and  a  large  estate  owned  by 
the  late  George  Grant,  a  Scotch  gentleman. 

Victoria,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  900. 

Victoria,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  3  miles  from 
Winstonvillc  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Victoria,  Missouri.    See  Victoria  Station. 

Victoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles  S.  of 
South  Bend. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  about  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Jasper.     Pop.  648. 

Victoria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  the  Gulf, 
Western  Texas  «fc  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Indian- 
ola,  and  about  100  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  8  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  con- 
vent, several  hotels,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Its 
prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from  trade  and  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  river.  Many  cattle  are  exported  from  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3046. 

Victoria,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  province,  bordering  on  Maine  and  on  Quebec.  Area, 
3490  square  miles.  The  surface  is  rolling  and  varied,  but 
remarkably  fertile,  even  to  the  tops  of  the  hills.  The 
county  is  drained  by  the  St.  John,  St.  Francis,  Madawaska, 
and  Tobique  Rivers,  besides  numerous  other  streams.  The 
route  of  the  Fredericton  &  Riviere  du  Loup  Railway  trav- 
erses it.     Capital,  Grand  Falls.     Pop.  11,641. 

Victoria,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  island  of 
Cape  Breton,  between  the  cos.  of  Cape  Breton  and  Inver- 
ness. Area,  1200  square  miles.  The  N.W.  part  is  moun- 
tainous, and  scantily  settled ;  the  S.W.  is  better  adapted 
for  agriculture,  and  the  soil  is  good  in  many  parts.  The 
county  abounds  in  minerals,  coal,  iron,  salt,  and  building- 
stone.     Capital,  Baddeck.     Pop.  11,346. 

Victoria,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ontario, 
Dominion  of  Canada,  having  Ontario  co.  on  the  W.,  Peter 
borough  00.  on  the  E.,  and  Durham  co.  on  the  S.  Area, 
1305  square  miles.  It  contains  several  small  lakes,  and 
is  intersected  by  two  railroads.  Capital,  Lindsay.  Pop. 
30,200. 


VIC 


2727 


yu 


Victoria,  a  city  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  the  capi- 
tal of  British  Columbia,  is  charmingly  situated  on  Fuca 
Strait  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Vancouver  Island,  about 
100  miles  N.W.  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  and  3000  miles  nearly 
due  W.  from  Montreal.  Lat.  48°  25'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  123° 
22'  34"  W.  The  surroundings  of  Victoria  are  singularly 
beautiful.  Three  miles  distant  is  the  harbor  of  Esquimalt, 
one  of  the  finest  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  fortified  naval 
station  of  Great  Britain  for  the  Northern  Pacific.  Victoria 
has  good  streets,  with  fine  drives,  over  excellent  roads,  in 
every  direction,  and  adjoining  the  town,  bordering  on  the 
strait,  is  a  large  extent  of  ground,  locally  known  as  Beacon 
Hill,  which  has  been  reserved  for  a  public  park.  On  the 
outskirts  of  the  city  are  many  attractive  residences,  and 
every  cottage  displays  its  pretty  garden.  There  are  many 
neat  and  substantial  buildings,  among  which  are  the  pro- 
vincial offices,  the  churches,  a  synagogue,  the  Angela  Col- 
lege for  young  ladies,  the  St.  Anne's  Convent  and  Orphan 
School,  the  masonic  building,  the  mechanics'  institute,  the 
Bank  of  British  Columbia,  a  public  hospital,  and  a  theatre. 
Various  public  buildings  are  to  be  erected  by  the  Dominion 
government.  Two  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished in  Victoria.  The  city  has  gas-  and  water-works,  an 
electric-light  plant,  and  an  electric  street-railway.  Its  com- 
merce in  naval  supplies,  coal,  fish,  etc.,  is  extensive.  Pop. 
in  1881,  5925;  in  1891,  16,841;  present  pop.  25,000. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  74  miles  from  Woodstock. 

Victoria,  Lambton  co.,  Ontario.     See  Florence. 

Victoria,  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario.     See  Innisfil. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  mouth  of  Crapaud  River,  23  miles  from 
Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Victoria,  a  town  of  the  British  colony  of  Hong-Kong, 
stretching  for  4  miles  along  its  N.  coast,  and  having  chapels, 
Chinese  schools,  and  numerous  storehouses  and  European 
dwellings.    See  Hong-Kong. 

Victoria,  the  capital  and  chief  settlement  of  the  British 
island  of  Labuan,  Malay  Archipelago,  at  the  S.E.  end  of 
the  island.  It  contains  the  government  buildings,  and  has 
a  fair  harbor. 

Victoria,  the  modern  appellation  of  Mah6,  the  capital 
town  of  the  Seychelles  Islands,  Indian  Ocean. 

Victoria,  North  Australia.     See  Port  Essinston. 

Victoria,  a  river  of  Northeast  Australia,  discovered  in 
1 846  by  Sir  T.  Mitchell,  and  found  flowing  westward  in  lat. 
24°  14'  S.,  Ion.  144°  34'  E. 

Victoria,  Mexico.    See  Nuevo  Santander. 

Victoria,  veek-to're-i,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, in  Entre  Rios,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Uruguay.  It 
has  some  trade  and  a  population  of  4526. 

Victoria,  or  Conquista,  kon-kees'ti,  a  town  of  Bra- 
zil, in  Bahia,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Uruba. 

Victoria,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Espirito  Santo,  270  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 
Pop.  5000.  It  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  an  island  in  the 
Bay  of  Espirito  Santo,  is  neatly  built  in  the  old  Portuguese 
style,  and  has  a  governor's  residence  and  a  harbor  defended 
by  several  forts.  Its  vicinity  produces  rice,  manioc,  sugar, 
and  bananas,  in  which  goods  it  has  an  active  coasting- 
trade.     Frigates  can  sail  up  to  the  town. 

Victoria,  or  La  Victoria,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
province  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas. 

Victoria  Bridge,  a  hamlet  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Bear  River  in  Annapolis  Basin, 
13^  miles  from  Annapolis. 

Victoria  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  15  miles  from  Berwick. 

Victoria  (or  Alexandri'na)  Lake,' in  South  Aus- 
tralia, is  between  lat.  35°  6'  and  35°  35'  S.  and  Ion.  139° 
and  139°  45'  E.,  and  opens  southwestward  by  a  short 
passage  into  Encounter  Bay.  Length  and  breadth,  about 
30  miles  each.  On  its  N.W.  side  it  receives  the  Murray 
River,  of  which  it  is  an  expansion;  it  also  receives  the 
Bremer  and  Finnis  Rivers,  is  connected  southeastward  with 
Lake  Albert  by  a  strait  5  miles  long,  and  contains  Hind- 
marsh  Island.  Its  navigation  is  safe,  but  access  from  the 
sea  is  impeded  by  a  sand-bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  strait. 

Victoria  Lake,  Central  Asia.     See  Sir-i-Kol. 

Victoria  Land,  the  name  given  to  the  supposed  Ant- 
arctic continent  discovered  by  Sir  James  Ross  in  1841.  Its 
shores  were  seen  and  partly  explored  from  lat.  70°  to  79°  S. 
Near  its  N.  extremity,  in  Ion.  168°  12'  E.,  are  Mount  Erebus, 
an  active  volcano,  elevation  12,400  feet,  and  Mount  Terror, 
10,900  feet.  The  position  of  the  S.  magnetic  pole  was  also 
ascertained  by  Ross  to  be  in  lat.  75°  5'  S.,  Ion.  154°  8'  E. 

Victoria  Land,  an  insular  tract  of  British  North 


America,  N.  of  lat.  68°  N.,  and  extending  from  about  Ion. 
103°  to  110°  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  North  American 
continent  on  the  S.  by  Dease  Strait,  and  from  Boothia 
Felix  on  the  E.  by  Victoria  Strait.  It  was  discovered  and 
named  by  Simpson,  and  explored  by  Dr.  Rae  in  1851. 

Victoria  Mines.    See  Low  Point  Shork. 

Victoria  Nyan'za,  a  lake  of  East  Africa,  between  lat. 
2°  25'  S.  and  0°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  31°  35'  and  34°  40'  E., 
3800  feet  above  the  sea.  This  lake,  discovered  by  Captain 
Spefce  in  1858,  is  the  principal  feeder  of  the  White  Nile, 
which  issues  from  its  N.  side  by  Napoleon  Channel  and 
Ripon  Falls.  Circumference,  890  miles.  It  was  circum- 
navigated by  Stanley  in  1875. 

Victoria  River,  of  North  Australia,  joins  the  Indian 
Ocean  by  the  wide  estuary  Queen's  Channel,  East  Cam- 
bridge Gulf,  lat.  14°  46'  S.,  Ion.  129°  21'  E.,  the  estuary 
between  Turtle  and  Pearce  Points  being  26  miles  in  width. 
Opposite  its  mouth  are  several  islands ;  its  banks  are  bold 
and  often  steep,  and  it  is  said  to  be  navigable  for  vessels 
of  large  burden  for  at  least  60  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Victoria  Road,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Grass  River,  and  on  the  Toronto  &  Northern  Railway, 
79  miles  N.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a  church,  3  stores,  2 
hotels,  a  saw-mill,  &c.   There  are  6  saw-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Victoria  Square,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond  Hill.   It  has  3  stores.   Pop.  200. 

Victoria  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Victoria  Strait,  a  broad  arm  of  the  sea,  in  the  Arctic 
regions,  separating  Victoria  Land  and  Prince  of  Wales  Land 
on  the  AV.  from  Boothia  Felix  and  North  Somerset  on  the 
E.  It  communicates  N.  by  Ommaney  Inlet  with  Barrow's 
Strait  W.  of  the  entrance  to  Wellington  Channel. 

Victoria  Village,  on  the  N.  side  of  Conception  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  is  6  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  200. 

Victoriaville,  Quebec.    See  Arthabaska  Statiow. 

Vic'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  40. 

Victory,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  587. 

Victory,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victory  township,  Mason  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Little  Sable  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Luding- 
ton,  and  about  6  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  township,  421. 

Victory,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Victory 
township,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Auburn,  and  3  miles 
W.  of  the  Southern  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  170  ;  of  the  township,  1946. 

Victory,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Victory,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.     Pop.  263. 

Victory,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co,,  Wis.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has 
a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Victory  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.T.,  in 
Saratoga  township,  on  Fish  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.  of 
Albany.  It  contains  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  large 
cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1120  ;  in  1890,  822. 

Vicus  Aquensis.    See  BAON^Rss-DE-BiaoRRB. 

Vicus  Spacorum,  Spain.    See  Vigo. 

Vid,  veed,  or  Urak,  oo-rik'  (?)  (anc.  Vtug,  or  AttuT), 
a  river  of  Bulgaria,  rises  in  the  Balkan,  near  the  sources  of 
the  Isker  and  Maritza,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube 
8  miles  W.  of  Nicopolis.     Total  course,  130  miles. 

Vidalia,  vi-da'le-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Concordia 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  Natchez,  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Vidalia  &  Western  Railroad.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  and  3  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  821. 

Vidasoa,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Bidassoa. 

Vidauban,  veeM5*b6N»'  (anc.  Fo'rum  Vocon'tiit),  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Var,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Draguignan.     Pop.  2415. 

Vidette,  vi-dett',  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Ark. 

Vidigueira,  ve-de-gi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Beja.     Pop.  2976. 

Vidigulfo,  ve-de-gool'fo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  7  miles  N.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1553. 

Vidin,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Widin. 

Vidogara,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ayr. 

Vidoinbak,  vee'dom'b5k\  or  Weidenbach,  ^I'd^n- 
b&K\  a  village  of  Transylvania,  4  miles  from  Kronstadt,  on 
a  stream  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1204. 

Vidourle,  veeMooRl',  a  river  of  France,  departments 
of  Gard  and  H6rault,  enters  the  lagoon  de  Repansset  11 
miles  E.  of  Montpellier,  after  a  S.  and  W.  course  of  40  miles. 

Vie,  vee,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Vendue,  rises 


VIE 


2728 


VIE 


8.  of  Belleville,  and  flows  N.  into  the  Atlantic,  which  it 
enters  at  Saint-Gilles-sur-Vie,  after  a  course  of  30  miles. 

Vie»  a  river  of  France,  in  Orne  and  Calvados,  flows  30 
miles  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Dives  13  miles  E.  of  Caen. 

Viechtach,  feen'tiK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1278. 

Vieille-Vigne,  ve-il'-veeii,  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Loire-Inf^rieure,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nantes, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ognon.     Pop.  of  commune,  3526. 

Tieil-Salm,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Alt-Salm. 

Vieja  California.     See  California,  Lower  or  Old. 

ViejaSy  ve-i'nis,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Viele,  vee'l^h,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Keokuk  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  near  the  Burling- 
ton k  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Fort  Madison. 

Vienna,  ve-en'na  (Ger.  Wien,  ■*^een ;  Fr.  Yienne,  ve- 
4nn' ;  Sp.  Viena,  ve-i'nS, ;  Dutch,  Weenen,  ^i'n^n  ;  L.  and 
It.  Vienna,  ve-Sn'n4 ;  anc.  Vindoho'na),  a  celebrated  city 
of  Europe,  capital  of  Austro- Hungary,  situated  about  2 
miles  from  the  main  stream  of  the  Danube,  but  traversed 
partly  by  an  arm  or  branch,  which  bears  the  name  of  the 
Viennese  Danube  (serving  the  purpose  of  a  canal),  and 
partly  by  an  insignificant  stream,  called  the  Wien,  or 
Vienna,  which  empties  itself  into  this  arm  of  the  river,  390 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Milan,  137  miles  N. W.  of  Pesth,  340  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Berlin,  380  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main,  and  650  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Paris.  The  site  is  480 
feet  above  sea-level.  Lat.  48°  12'  32"  N. ;  Ion.  16°  23'  E. 
Pop.  in  1891, 1,364,548.  The  situation  of  the  city  is  toler- 
ably healthy,  but  the  climate  is  very  variable ;  fogs  are  fre- 
quent, and  the  islands  and  lower  parts  of  the  city  are  ex- 
posed to  inundations.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  the 
residence  of  the  Protestant  superintendent  for  the  W.  prov- 
inces of  the  empire.  Prior  to  1863  it  was  divided  into  the 
inner  city  and  34  suburbs,  but  it  now  consists  of  the  city 
proper  and  8  suburbs,  viz.,  Leopoldstadt,  Landstrasse, 
Wieden,  Margarethen,  Mariahilf,  Neubau,  Josephstadt,  and 
Alsergrund.  In  addition  to  these  there  are  18  suburbs 
beyond  the  lines  immediately  connected  with  the  city  and 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Vienna  police.  In  1827  it 
contained  only  1229  houses,  while  its  34  suburbs  contained 
7415.  The  greatest  increase  of  population  took  place  from 
1857  to  1875,  during  which  time  the  inhabitants  increased 
in  number  from  476,222  to  1,001,999.  The  city  proper, 
bounded  by  the  Ring-Strasse  and  the  Franz-Joseph  Quai, 
is  not  only  the  centre  of  business,  but  contains  most  of  the 
principal  attractions  to  visitors.  Among  the  many  public 
edifices,  the  chief  are  the  Burg,  or  imperial  palace,  resi- 
dence of  the  emperor,  with  a  library,  and  an  imperial 
chapel  and  theatre,  the  mint,  university,  academy  of  the 
fine  arts,  imperial  and  city  arsenal,  custom-house,  the  cathe- 
dral of  St.  Stephen,  a  Gothic  edifice,  with  a  spire  470  feet 
high,  and  the  church  of  St.  Peter,  built  on  the  model  of 
the  basilica  of  St.  Peter  at  Rome.  There  are  numerous  pri- 
vate palaces,  containing  valuable  libraries,  paintings,  and 
other  objects  of  art.  The  educational,  literary,  and  scien- 
tific establishments  comprise  the  university,  which  is  cele- 
brated for  its  school  of  medicine,  with  a  library  of  120,000 
volumes,  and  a  theatre  of  anatomy,  the  school  of  Oriental- 
ists for  training  interpreters,  the  Theresiimum,  founded  by 
Maria  Theresa,  the  Josephine,  academy  of  medicine  and 
surgery  for  the  army,  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  with  18 
professors,  polytechnic  institute,  normal  school,  academy 
of  engineers,  with  18  professors,  a  veterinary  institute,  a 
conservatory  of  music,  a  new  opera-house,  5  gymnasia  or 
colleges,  and  an  observatory,  with  a  school  of  astronomy. 
The  imperial  library  contains  386,000  volumes,  many  thou- 
sand MSS.,  an  immense  collection  of  engravings,  and  the 
famous  Tabula  Peutingeriana,  a  map  of  the  Roman  empire 
in  the  fourth  century.  The  other  collections  comprise 
paintings  in  the  Belvedere,  the  lower  part  of  which  con- 
tains the  Ambras  collection  of  ancient  armor  and  jewels, 
the  most  interesting  in  Europe,  and  the  imperial  cabinets 
of  antiquities,  medals,  and  natural  history.  The  imperial 
arsenal  contains  15,000  stand  of  arms.  The  principal  the- 
atres are  the  Hof,  or  palace  theatre,  the  Karntherthor,  and 
the  comic  theatre.  The  city  has  a  deaf-mute  asylum,  and  nu- 
merous well-conducted  charitable  establishments.  Vienna 
is  the  chief  manufacturing  city  of  the  empire ;  its  manu- 
factures comprise  silk  velvets,  shawls,  woollens,  ribbons, 
carpets,  cottons,  paper,  gold  and  silver  lace,  porcelain,  and 
musical  instruments.  Coach-building  and  book-  and  map- 
printing  form  important  branches  of  industry.  It  has  an 
imperial  cannon-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  small-arms. 
Its  commerce  is  extensive,  and  was  greatly  increased  by 
ihe  navigation  of  the  Danube  and  the  opening  of  railways. 
In  the  suburbs  are  the  cavalry  barracks,  the  Belvedere  pal- 


ace, the  church  of  St.  Charles,  the  theatre  on  the  Wien  (the 
largest  in  Austria),  the  great  public  hospital,  containing 
2000  beds  and  receiving  annually  15,000  to  18,000  patients, 
the  vast  building  for  the  imperial  manufacture  of  porcelain, 
and  numerous  private  palaces  with  magnificent  gardens. 
The  capital  of  Austria  is  ornamented  by  many  superb 
promenades,  the  chief  of  which  is  the  Prater,  a  natural 
forest  in  an  island  of  the  Danube,  laid  out  in  long  alleys, 
and  containing  deer-parks,  numerous  coffee-houses,  a  pano- 
rama, and  circus ;  on  f€te-days  it  is  crowded  with  pedes- 
trians and  the  most  splendid  equipages.  The  others  are 
the  Augarten,  a  public  park  on  the  same  island,  and  the 
Volksgarten,  a  beautiful  public  garden.  The  environs  are 
very  picturesque,  surrounded  by  vineyards,  and  having 
the  Kahlenberg  Mountains  on  the  W.,  the  islands  of  the 
Danube  on  the  N.,  and  on  the  S.  the  Schneeberg  Moun- 
tain, part  of  the  Noric  Alps;  they  are  adorned  by  many 
villas  and  summer  palaces,  among  which  are  the  imperial 
palace  of  Schonbrunn,  with  a  botanic  garden  and  a  me- 
nagerie, the  village  of  Maria  Hitzing,  with  a  theatre  and  a 
bath-establishment,  and  Laxenburg,  with  an  imperial  sum- 
mer palace  and  a  spacious  park.  Few  cities  are  surrounded 
by  so  many  fine  gardens,  many  of  which  contain  the  richest 
and  rarest  plants.  Vindobona  was  a  station  of  the  Roman 
legions  in  Upper  Pannonia ;  it  was  afterwards  capital  of 
the  E.  provinces  of  the  empire  of  Charlemagne.  The  King 
of  Hungary  established  his  court  here  in  1484,  and  it  soon 
became  the  fixed  residence  of  the  House  of  Austria.  Vienna 
was  besieged  by  the  Turks  in  1529,  and  again  in  1683 ;  on 
the  latter  occasion  it  was  relieved  by  the  Poles  under  John 
Sobieski.  The  French  took  it  in  1806  and  in  1809.  The 
Congress  of  Vienna,  which  fixed  for  a  time  the  limits  of 
the  countries  of  Europe,  was  held  here  from  November, 
1814,  to  June,  1815.  The  city  was  held  by  the  revolution- 
ary party  for  a  short  time  in  1848 ;  the  barricades  were 
raised  on  October  6,  but  it  surrendered  to  the  imperial 
troops  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month,  having  suffered 
severely  from  a  bombardment.     A  treaty  of  peace  between 

Austria  and   Italy  was  concluded  here  in  1866. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Viennese,  vee^fin-neez'  (Fr.  Viknnais,  ve- 
5n^n4' ;  It.  Viennese,  ve-4n-ni'si ;  Ger.  adj.  Wienerisch, 
♦ee'n^r-ish  ;  inhab.  Wiener,  ^ee'n^r). 

Vienna,  France.    See  Vienne. 

Vien'na,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tombigbee  River,  15  miles  above  Gainesville.  It  has  a 
church  and  4  general  stores.  Cotton  is  shipped  here  in 
steamboats. 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  about 
30  miles  E.  of  Americus.  It  is  situated  in  a  level  country 
partly  covered  with  pine  forests.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Vienna,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  HI.     Pop.  90C 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  co..  111.,  in 
Vienna  township,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  34^ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  550 ;  of  the  township,  1496. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  in  Vienna 
township,  QD  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  2^  miles  S. 
of  Scottsburg.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  166;  of  the  township,  1510, 

Vienna,  a  former  name  of  Newville,  Ind. 

Vienna,  a  post-township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
744.    Vienna  Post-Office  is  10  miles  N.E.  of  Marshalltown. 

Vienna,  a  post-township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Red  Vermilion  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Topeka. 
Pop.  324. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  parish,  La.,  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Vienna,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vienna  township,  Kennebec 
CO.,  Me.,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  ha*  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  740. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Nanticoke  River  (navigable  for  large  schooners),  about  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  4  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Vienna,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1718. 
See  Pine  Run. 

Vienna,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Monroe,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  14i  miles 
N.  of  Toledo,  0. 

Vienna,  a  hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  3  miles  from  At- 
lanta.    It  has  14  houses. 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Maries  co..  Mo.,  neai 
the  Gasconade  River,  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  RoUa,  and  17 


VIE 


2729 


VIG 


miles  N.N.E.  of  Dixon  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofQce 
and  2  churches. 

Vienna)  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Be- 
quest Creek,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Hackettstown,  and  about  24 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foun- 
dry, a  hotel,  a  chair-factory,  and  3  stores. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  in  Vienna  township,  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Eome,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  which  intersects  the  township. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  156. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.  by  Oneida  Lake,  and  contains 
a  village  named  North  Bay.     Pop.  of  township,  3073. 

Vienna,  a  post-township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  836. 
Vienna  Post-Office  is  10  miles  N.W.  of  Winston. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  in  Harmony 
township,  2  miles  from  Plattsburg  Station,  and  11  miles  E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  239.  The  name 
of  its  post-oflBce  is  Vienna  Cross  Roads. 

Vienna,  Clinton  co.,  0.    See  New  Vienna. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  in  Vienna  township,  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Vienna  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Warren,  and  about  10  miles 
N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  banking-house. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     P.  of  township  (1890),  1298. 

Vienna,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

Vienna,  a  post-office  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles  S. 
of  Weimar. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Vienna,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1176. 

Vienna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  Sugar 
Creek,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  flour- 
ing-mill. 

Vienna,  a  village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on  Big  Otter 
Creek,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  has  4  churehes, 
a  grammar-school,  several  hotels  and  stores,  and  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  wooden-ware,  leather,  sawn  lum- 
ber, woollens,  Ac.     Pop.  593. 

Vienna,  Monck  co.,  Ontario.    See  Rosedene. 

Vienna  Cross  Roads,  Ohio.    See  Vienna. 

Vienne,  ve-5nn'  (ane.  Yigen'nat),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the  department  of  CorrSze,  passes 
Saint-Lgonard,  Limoges,  Confolens,  Ch^tellerault  (where  it 
becomes  navigable),  and  Chinon,  and  joins  the  Loire  on  the 
left  at  Candes,  after  a  N.  and  N.W.  course  of  220  miles. 

Vienne,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Poitou,  surrounded  by  the 
departments  of  Indre,  Haute-Vienne,  Charente,  Deux- 
SSvres,  Maine-et-Loire,  and  Loire.  Area,  2574  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  344,355.  The  surface  is  generally 
flat;  it  is  watered  by  the  Vienne  and  its  affluent  the  Clain, 
the  Charente  in  the  S.,  the  Gartempe  and  Creuse  in  the 
N.E.,  and  the  Dive  in  the  N.W.  Soil  very  unequal  in  fer- 
tility; chief  crops,  all  kinds  of  cereals,  chestnuts,  lint, 
hemp,  and  maize  of  inferior  quality.  Fine  horses,  mules, 
and  sheep  are  reared.  The  chief  mineral  products  are 
iron  and  lithographic  stones,  and  the  principal  manufac- 
ture is  that  of  arms  and  cutlery,  at  Cha,tellerault.  The  de- 
partment is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Poitiers, 
Chiltellerault,  Civray,  Loudun,  and  Montmorillon.  Capi- 
tal, Poitiers. 

Yienne  (ano.  Vien'na),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of 
an  arrondissement  in  the  department  of  Is^re,  54  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Grenoble,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  and 
on  the  railway  from  Lyons  to  Avignon.  Lat.  45"  33'  N.; 
Ion.  4°  54'  E.  Pop.  22,950.  The  town  is  situated  between 
the  Rhone  and  the  mountains,  and  is  traversed  by  the  river 
GSre.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral  and  numerous  ancient  re- 
mains, a  communal  college,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linens,  silk,  paper,  ma- 
chinery, and  leather.  In  its  vicinity  are  lead-  and  silver- 
mines  ;  and  near  it,  at  Ampuis,  the  celebrated  wine  called 
C6te-R6tie  is  made.  Vienna  was  the  capital  of  the  AUo- 
broges;  it  became  afterwards  the  metropolis  of  Viennois. 
A  council  was  held  here  in  1311  which  abolished  the  order 
of  the  Templars. 

Viennois,  ve-5n^nwi',  an  ancient  district  of  France, 
which  belonged  to  the  former  province  of  Dauphin6  and 
had  Vienne  for  its  capital.  It  is  now  included  in  the  de- 
partments of  Drdme  and  IsSre. 

Vieque,  ve-i'ki,  Bieque,be-i'ki,or  Crab  Island, 
a  Spanish  West  India  island,  9  miles  E.  of  Porto  Rico,  and 

5.  of  Culebra.  Lat.  of  E.  point,  18°  7'  N.;  Ion.  65°  34'  W. 
Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  18  miles;  breadth,  4  miles.     On  its 

6.  side  are  several  small  harbors. 

172 


Vierlande,  feeR^inM^h,  a  small  territory  of  North 
Germany,  between  the  Elbe  and  the  Bille,  S.E.  of  Hamburg, 
to  which  city  it  belongs.  It  comprises  the  four  villages  of 
Alten-Gamm,  Curslack,  Eirchwarder,  and  Neuen-Gamm. 
United  pop.  about  10,000. 

Viernheim,  feenn'hime^,  a  village  of  Hesse,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Heppenheim.     Pop.  4409. 

Viersen,  fecR's^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  miles 
W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Niers.  Pop.  19,705.  It  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  damasks,  linens,  hats,  colors, 
chemicals,  &c. 

Vierwaldst£ltter-See.    See  Lake  of  Lucerkb. 

Vierzon,  ve-4R^z6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Cher,  on  the  Ydvre,  near  its  junction  with  the  Cher,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bourges.  Pop.  8995.  It  has  steel- 
refineries,  and  manufactures  of  porcelain,  earthenware,  glass, 
leather,  and  parchment. 

Viesly,  ve-fisUee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  3083. 

Viesti,  ve-Ss'tee  (anc.  Apenestaf),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Foggia,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the  E.  foot  of  Mount 
Gargano,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Manfredonia.  Pop.  6563.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  convents, 
and  bishop's  palace. 

Vietri,  ve-i'tree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3675. 

Vietri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  1^  miles  W.  of 
Salerno.     Pop.  2656. 

Vietz,  feets,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  26 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3281. 

Vieux-Cond6,  ve-uh'-k6N»Mi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  9  miles  N.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  3617. 

Vieux-Genappe,or  Vieux-Genappyve-uh'-zh^h- 
nipp'  ("  Old  Genappe"),  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  17  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 

View,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0. 

Vif,  veef,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  8  miles  S.  of 
Grenoble.     Pop.  1427. 

Vig,  veeg,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
government  of  Olonets,  expands  into  a  lake  of  the  same 
name,  flows  about  170  miles,  and  falls  into  the  White  Sea 
Its  current  is  broken  by  several  cataracts. 

Vigan,  a  town  of  France.     See  Le  Vigan. 

Vigan,  ve-g&n',  a  seaport  town  of  the  Philippines,  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  at  the  mouth  of  an 
arm  of  the  Abra,  with  an  important  trade  chiefly  in  the 
hands  of  the  Chinese. 

Vigeois,  vee^zhwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrSze,  near 
the  V6zere,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     P.  of  commune,  2546. 

Viger,  ve^zhaiR',  or  Saint  £piphanie,s&Nt&^pe^f&^- 
nee',  a  post- village  in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  10  miles  E. 
of  Cacouna.     Pop.  150. 

Vigevano,  ve-ji'vi-no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pavia,  on 
the  Mora,  near  the  Ticino,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  and  manufactures  of  silk 
stuff's,  hats,  soap,  and  macaroni.     Pop.  14,096. 

Viggianelio,  vid-j4-nftl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  5030. 

Viggiano,  vid-j&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  24 
miles  S.  of  Potenza.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens, 
soap,  and  wax  candles.     Pop.  5242. 

Vigia,  ve-zhee'&,  or  Sfto  Jorge  dos  Alamos,  sSwii* 
zhoR'zh4  doce  &'l&-moce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  50 
miles  N.  of  Pard,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Par&  River.  It  has 
an  export  trade  in  fine  coff'ee,  grown  in  its  vicinity. 

Vigipara,  Cashmere.    See  Bijbahar. 

Vignacourt,  veen^y&^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somme,  11  miles  from  Amiens.     Pop.  3302. 

Vignanello,  veen-yi-ndl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  3501. 

Vignemaie,  a  mountain  of  France.    See  Ptrenees. 

Vignola,  veen-yo'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Po- 
tenza, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5389. 

Vignone,  veen-yo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Siena,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Pienza.  It  has  chalybeate  and  sul- 
phurous baths. 

Vigo,  vee'go  (ano.  Vi'ciu  Spaco'ntm),  a  seaport  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pontevedra. 
Pop.  8214.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  a  trench,  and  has 
an  excellent  harbor,  with  deep  water  close  in-shore.  It 
has  a  lazaretto,  a  fortress,  an  export  trade  in  wine,  bacon, 
and  maize,  and  an  active  pilchard-fishery. 

Vigo,  vee'go  or  vi'go,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  410 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  River, 
which  forms  part  of  its  W.  boundary,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Honey  and  Otter  Creeks.    The  surface  is  undulating 


VIO 


2730 


VIL 


or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests 
of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Evansville  Ai 
Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Terre  Haute.  Pop.  in  1870, 
33,549;  in  1880,  45,658;  in  1890,  50,195. 

Vigo,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2426. 

Vigo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  near  the  Wabash 
River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Vigo,  Ross  CO.,  0.    See  London  Station. 

Vigo,  vee'go,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Stayner.     Pop.  200. 

Vigo,  Bay  of,  Spain.     See  Bay  op  Vigo. 

Vigo  (vee'go)  Lake,  Russia,  government  of  Olonets, 
45  miles  N.  of  Lake  Onega.  Length,  from  S.  to  N.,  45 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  It  is  traversed  through- 
out by  the  river  Vig,  which  carries  its  surplus  waters  north- 
ward into  the  White  Sea. 

Vigone,  ve-go'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
\t  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  3917. 

Vigten,  vig't^n,  Ind,  ind,  Mel,  mdl,  and  Yt,  iit,  three 

Sarallel  islands,  lying  close  to  one  another  in  a  S.W.  and 
f.E.  direction,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Norway.  Lat.  (W.  ex- 
tremity) 64°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  10«  24'  E. 

Vignera,  ve-g4'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
province  and  13  miles  S.  of  LogroSo.     Pop.  1316. 

Viguzzolo,  ve-goot'so-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Tortona.     Pop.  2246. 

Vihar,  a  province  of  Bengal.     See  Bahar. 

Vijapara,  a  town  of  Cashmere.     See  Bijbahar. 

Vijayanagara,  a  city  of  India.    See  Bijanaqur. 

Vijayapoor,  ve-ji-i-poor',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  132  miles 
S.E.  of  Khatmandoo,  India. 

Vijayapura,  India.    See  Bejapoor. 

Vikkur,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Bhndkr  Vikkcr. 

Vilafames,  ve-li-f&'mSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1384. 

Vilagos,  veeMSh^gosh',  a  town  of  S.E.  Hungary,  county 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  4648. 

Vilaine,  vee^lain'  (ano.  Heritia,  Vicinoviaf),  a  river 
of  France,  rises  in  the  department  of  Mayenne,  flows  W. 
past  Vitr6  to  Rennes,  where  it  receives  the  Ille  from  the  N., 
and  thence  has  a  S.S.W.  course,  past  Redon  and  La  Roche- 
Bernard,  to  the  Atlantic  at  P^nestin,  department  of  Mor- 
bihan.  Total  course,  130  miles,  for  the  last  80  of  which  it 
is  navigable.  The  tide  rises  in  it  as  high  as  Redon,  where 
it  receives  the  Oust.  Principal  affluents,  the  Ille  and  Oust 
from  the  N.  and  W.,  and  the  Cher,  Don,  and  Isao  from  the 
E.     With  the  Ille  it  gives  name  to  a  department. 

Vilallonga,  ve-lil-yon'gi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, province  and  about  7  miles  from  Tarragona.    P.  1333. 

Viloel,  fil'b?!,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province 
of  Ober-Hessen,  on  the  Nidda,  5  miles  by  railway  N.E. 
of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  3379. 

Vilcabamba,  veel-ki-bim'bi, -^ucay,  yoo-ki',  or 
Quiiabamba,  ke-li-bim'bi,  a  river  of  Peru,  flows  N.E., 
and  joins  the  Apurimao  to  form  the  Ucayale. 

Vilcauota,  veel-k&n-yo't&,  a  river  of  Peru,  tributary 
to  the  Ucayale. 

Vilcaftota,  a  great  mountain-knot  of  the  Andes,  near 
lat.  14°  30'  S.,  on  which  perpetual  snow  lies  at  the  elevation 
of  15,800  feet. 

Vilches,  veel'chSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  31 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  2668.  There  are  mines  and 
quarries  in  its  vicinity. 

Vileika,  ve-li'k3,,  or  Vileiki,  ve-li'kee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Vilia.     P.  2953. 

Villa,  or  Wilia,  vee'le-i,  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ments of  Minsk  and  Vilna,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Niemen 
at  Kovno.     Total  course,  250  miles. 

Viliooi,  Vilioui,  or  Viliui,  viPe-oo'e,  written  also 
Biliui,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  Yakootsk,  flows 
easterly,  and  falls  into  the  Lena  at  Cost  Viliooisk.  Length, 
about  700  miles. 

Viliooisk,  Oost,  or  Oust  Vilionisk,  oost  ve-le-oo'- 
isk,  a  town  of  East  Siberia,  government  and  180  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Yakootsk,  at  the  junction  of  the  Viliooi  with 
the  Lena.     Lat.  63°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  35'  E.     Pop.  387. 

Vilkoineer,  Vilkomir,  vi^ko-meer',  or  Wilko- 
mierz,  ^il-kom'e-aiRzh,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  Kovno,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the  Svitsa.  Pop. 
11,118.     It  has  several  churches  and  schools. 

Vil'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Big  Lick  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
»nd  a  store. 


Villa  Bartolomea,  vil'll  baR-to-lo-mi'l,  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Adige,  3i  miles  S.K.  of 
Legnago.     Pop.  2093,  chiefly  engaged  in  rice-culture. 

Villa  Bella,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Matto-Grosso. 

Villa  Bella  da  Princeza,  veel'li  bSl'li  di  preen- 
si'zi  (or  Princessa,  preen-sSs'si),  a  town  of  Brazil,  on 
the  N.  part  of  the  island  of  Sao  Sebastiao,  state  and  85 
miles  E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  with  a  commodious  and  secure  har- 
bor.    Pop.  3000. 

Villa  Boa,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Goyaz. 

Villa-Ca&as,  veel'yi-k&n'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  proT- 
ince  and  43  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  5147. 

Villa- Carillo,  veel'yi-ki-reel'yo,  a  town  of  Spaia, 
province  and  42  miles  N.E.  of  Jaen,  between  the  riven 
Guadalquivir  and  Guadalimar.     Pop.  6044. 

Villa- Castin,  veery4-kis-teen',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Segovia.     Pop.  1499. 

Villach,  vil'IiK*  (Illyrian,  Belak,  b4'lik),  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Carinthia,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Laybaoh,  on  the 
Drave,  near  the  influx  of  the  Gail.  Pop.  4528.  It  is  de 
fended  by  a  strong  castle,  is  the  principal  entrep&t  for  the 
products  of  the  Carinthian  mines,  and  has  many  forges, 
marble-quarries,  copper-  and  lead-mines,  and  a  brisk  trade. 

Villa-Cidro,  vil'li-chee'dro,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  di- 
vision and  26  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  4749. 

Villa  Clara,  veel'yi  kl(l'r&,  or  Santa  Clara,  s&n'ti 
kl&'r&,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  45  miles  N.W.  of 
Trinidad.     Pop.  10,511. 

Vil'la  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  CaL, 
in  Moro  township. 

Villa  d'Adda,  viri&  d&d'd&,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Adda.     Pop.  2294. 

Villa  das  Velhas,  veel'I&  dis  vil'y&s,  the  principal 
town  of  the  island  of  Sao  Jorge  (Azores),  on  the  N.  coast. 

Villa  del  Fuerte,  veel'yi  d4l  fwdre'ti,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  75  miles  N.  of  Cinaloa,  on  the  Rio  del 
Fuerte.  Pop.  5000.  Though  badly  situated,  it  is  a  com- 
mercial  depot  for  goods  passing  to  and  from  Guaymas. 

Villa  del  Principe,  veel'yi  dfil  preen'se-pi,  or 
Santa  Maria  del  Principe,  s&n't&  md,-ree'&  dAl 
preen'se-p&,  a  considerable  town  of  Cuba,  140  miles  N.W. 
of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

Villa  del  Rio,  veel'yi  ddl  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3935. 

Villa  de  Ojinaga,  Mexico.    See  Ojinaqa. 

Villa  di  Tirano,  vil'li  dee  te-r&'no,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Sondrio,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Poschiavino  with  the  Adda.     Pop.  2159. 

Villa  do  Conde,  veel'l&  do  kon'di,  a  maritime  town 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  on  the  Atlantic,  15  miles 
N.  of  Oporto.  Pop.  4292.  Many  vessels  are  built  here, 
and  it  has  a  Ashing-  and  coasting-trade. 

Villa  do  Ecuador,  Brazil.     See  Chaves.  • 

Villa  do  Forte,  a  city  of  Brazil.     See  Fortalsza. 

Villa  do  Forte  das  Alagoas,  Brazil.  See  Alagoas. 

Villa  do  Principe,  veel'li  do  preen'se-p&,  now  called 
Serro  Frio,  sSr'ro  free'o,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Villa  do  Principe,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao 
Paulo,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Curitiba. 

Villa  do  Rio  Pardo,  veel'li  do  ree'o  paR'Jo,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Jacuhy,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Pardo,  80  miles  W.  of  Porto  Alegre. 

Villaescusa  de  Haro,  veel-y&-£s-koo's&  d&  h&'ro, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  35  miles  from  Cuenca. 

Villa  Faletto,  vil'ia  f4-14t'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 10  miles  N.  of  Coni,  on  the  Maria.     Pop.  2802. 

Villafaraes,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Vilafames. 

Villa  Feliche,  veel'yi  fi-lee'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,        _ 
province  of  Saragossa,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Calatayud.  ■ 

Villa-Flor,  veel'li-flSR,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province       ^ 
of  Tras-08-Montes,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Torre  de  Moncorvo. 

Villa-Flor,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do 
Norte,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Natal.     Pop.  2500. 

Villafranca,  a  town  of  France.     See  Villefranchk. 

Villafranca,  vil-li-fring'k4,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Verona,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tartaro.  It  has  a 
fine  castle.     Pop.  3898. 

Villafranca,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Qir- 
genti.     Pop.  2484. 

Villafranca,  veel-yi-fring'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  36 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     Pop.  2976. 

Villafranca,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1115. 

Villa  Franca,  veel'li  fring'ki,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  Azores,  14  miles  E.  of  Ponia 
Delgada.     Pop.  3800. 


VIL 


2731 


VIL 


Villa  Franca,  veel'li  fring'kl,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Pard,  near  the  Amazon,  20  miles  S.W.  of  San- 
tarem.     Pop.  4000. 

Yilla'Franca,  veel'yi-fring'ki,  a  town  of  Paraguay, 
on  the  Paraguay  River,  30  miles  below  Assumption. 

Vil'la  Fran'ca,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Villafranca  de  la  Marisma,  veel-y&-fr&.ng'k&  d4 
Ik  m&-rees'm&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  S. 
of  Seville.     Pop.  4268. 

Villafranca  de  las  Abiyas,  veel-yi-fring'k4  di 
lis  i-Boo'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2914. 

Villafranca  de  los  Barros,  veel-yi-fr&ng'kS,  dk 
loce  baR'Roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Badajos,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Merida.     Pop.  7575. 

Villafranca  de  los  Caballeros,  veel-yi-fring'k4 
di  loce  ki-Bil-yi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Toledo, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Alcazar.     Pop.  3108. 

Villafranca  del  Vierzo,  veel-yi-fring'ki  dfil  ve- 
fiR'tho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Leon,  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Ponferrada,  on  the  Burbia.     Pop.  3247. 

Villafranca  de  Panades,  veel-yi-fring'ki  di  pi- 
ni'D^s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  N.E.  of 
Tarragona,  and  W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  6223. 

Villafranca  de  Xira,  veel-Ii-frang'ki  di  shee'ri,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.  Pop.  4700. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  military  governor,  and  has  salt- 
works and  an  active  trade.  It  was  founded  and  named 
Cornualla  (or  Cornwall)  by  the  English  settlers  in  1160. 

Villafranca  di  Piemonte,  vil-li-fring'ki  dee  pe- 
i-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.    P.  4327. 

Villa-Franca-do-Imperador.    See  Franca. 

Villa  Frati,  vil'li  fri'tee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  16  miles 
S.S.B.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3005. 

Villafrechos,  veel-yi-fri'choce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Leon,  province  and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid.     P.  1552. 

Villagarcia,  veel-yi-gaR-thee'i,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Badajos,  3  miles  N.  of  Llerena.     Pop.  1989. 

Villagarcia,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  oi  Cuenca,  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Tarazona.     Pop.  1203. 

Villagarcia,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Pontevedra, 
20  miles  N.  of  Vigo,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Arosa, 
on  which  it  has  a  small  harbor.     Pop.  1883. 

Vil'lage,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1444. 

Village  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
on  a  small  creek,  4  or  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
flour-mills  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Village  Creek,  a  station  in  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Village  des  Aulnaies,  veelMizh'diz  oPni',  a  post- 
village  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Roch  des 
Aulnaies.     Pop.  200. 

Village  Green,  a  post-hamlet  in  Aston  township, 
Delaware  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Chester,  and  1  mile 
from  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Village  Richelieu,  veelMizh'  reeshMe-uh',  or  Notre 
Dame  de  Richelieu,  not'r  dim  d^h  reeshMe-uh',  a  post- 
village  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  and 
on  the  Montreal,  Chambly  &  Sorel  Railway,  2  miles  from 
Chambly  Basin,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  grist- 
and  carding-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Village  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Villagonzalo,  veel-yi-gon-thi'Io,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  about  36  miles  from  Badajos,  near  the  Guadi- 
ana.     Pop.  1509. 

Villa  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

Villahermosa,  veel-yi-jR-mo'si,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  3159. 

Villa  Hermosa,  Mexico.    See  San  Jdan  BAtrrisxA. 

Villaine-la-Juhel,  vee^yin'-lA-zhii*4l',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1632. 

Viilajoyosa,  veel-yi-no-yo'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
on  which  it  has  a  harbor  and  docks.     Pop.  7966. 

Villajuan,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Sobran. 

Villalba,  vil-lil'bi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  not  far  from  Cal- 
tanisetta.     Pop.  3569. 

Villalba,  veel-yil'bi,  numerous  market-towns  of  Spain, 
the  principal  being  in  the  province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of 
Badajos.     Pop.  2295. 

Villalba,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and 
45  miles  from  Tarragona.     Pop.  1626. 

Villalon,  veel-yi-lon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid.  Pop.  4948,  partly  engaged 
in  makine;  cheeses,  highly  esteemed  at  Madrid. 


Villalonga,  veel-yi-long'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  40  miles  N.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Alcoy.     P.  2071. 

Villalpando,  veel-yil-pin'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  2206. 

Villalpandos,  veel-yll-pAn'doce,  a  rich  mine  of  Mex- 
ico, adjacent  to  Guanajuato. 

Villaluenga  de  la  Sagra,  veel-y&-lw2n'gi  di  1& 
si'gri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  about 
14  miles  E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1482. 

Villaluenga  del  Rosario,  veel-yi-lwdn'g&  dSl  ro- 
si're-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  60  miles  from  Cadiz. 

Villalva  del  Acor,  veel-yil'vi  dfil  i-koR',  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Huelva.     It  has  a  Gothic  church.     Pop.  1224. 

Villalva  del  Rey,  veel-yil'vi  dfil  ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  26  miles  from  Cuenca.     Pop.  1094. 

Villa  Magna,  vil'li  min'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2291. 

Villamalea,  veel-yi-mi-li'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Mur- 
cia,  28  miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1342. 

Villamanan,  veel-yi-min-yin',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  16  miles  S.  of  Leon,  near  the  Esla.     P.  1757. 

Villamanrique,  veel-yi-min-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  2228. 

Villamanrique,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ciudad  Real,  13 
miles  S.  of  Villanueva  de  los  Infantes.     Pop.  1178. 

Villamar,  Sardinia.     See  Mara-Arbarei. 

Villa  Maria,  veel'li  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
pf  Matto-Grosso,  on  the  Paraguay,  100  miles  W.S.W,  of 
Cuyab£.     Pop.  1000. 

Villa-Martin,  veel'yi-maR-teen',  a  town  of  Spain,  43 
miles  S.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalete.     Pop.  4117. 

Villamayor  de  Calatrava,  veel-yi-mi-oR'  di  k4- 
li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1531. 

Villamayor  de  Campos,  veel-yi-mi-oR'  di  kim'- 
poce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  about  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Valladolid,  near  the  Valderaduey.     Pop.  2067. 

Villamayor  de  Santiago,  veel-yi-mi-oR'  di  sin-te- 
i'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  46  miles  W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3398. 

Villamediana,  veel-yi-mi-ne-i'ni,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Leon,  province  and  9  miles  S.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1008. 

Villamiel,  veel-yi-me-Sl',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  55  miles  from  Caceres.     Pop.  1371. 

Villamor  de  los  Escuderos,  veel-yi-moR'  di  looe 
&-koo-Di'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Zamora.     Pop.  1265. 

Villanova,  vil-li-no'vi,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division 
and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  3943. 

Villa-Nova,  veel'li  no'vi,  or  Villa-Vistosa-da- 
Madre-de-Dios,  veel'li  vees-to'si  di  mi'dri  di  dee'- 
oce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  200  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pard. 

Villanova,  veel-li-no'vi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  Macacu.  The 
inhabitants  are  partly  braneos  ("whites")  and  partly 
Indians.     Pop.  2000. 

Villanova,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  La  Laguna  (a  lagoop  nearly  20  miles 
long),  60  miles  S.  of  Desterro.  It  has  a  harbor,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen. 

Villa  Nova,  the  Latin  name  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot. 

VilMano'va,  or  VilMeno'va,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  3  miles 
from  Pine  Valley  Station,  and  about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Dunkirk.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1438. 

Villanova,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 
Here  is  the  Villanova  College  (Catholic). 

Villa  Nova,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  ft 
miles  from  Waterford.     Pop.  100. 

Villanova  da  Cerveira,  veel-li-no'vi  di  s^R-vi'e- 
ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Valenf  a  do  Minho.     Pop.  1432. 

Villanova  da  Rainha,  veel-li-no'vi  di  ri-een'yi,  » 
town  of  Brazil,  in  Bahia,  120  miles  N.  of  Jaoobina.    P.  2000. 

Villanova  da  Rainha,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Pari,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Canoma  with  the  Amazon. 

Villanova  da  Rainha,  Brazil.     SeeCAHETE. 

Villa  Nova  de  Fameli^jfto,  veel'li  no'vi  di  fi-mi- 
le-sdwN"',  a  market-town  of  Portugal,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Bar^ 
cellos.     Pop.  1502. 

Villa  Nova  de  Foscoa,  veel'li  no'vi  di  fos-ko'A, 
a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  near  the 
Coa,  where  it  joins  the  Douro,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Torre  de 
Moncorvo.     Pop.  3867. 

Villanova  de  Milfontes,  veel-li-no'vi  di  meel-fon'- 


VIL 


2732 


VIL 


tfls,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  on  the  Odemira,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic,  32  miles  W.  of  Ouriaue.   P,  1868. 

YillanoTa  de  Portimfto,  veel-li-no'vi  d4  poR-te- 
m5wN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Algarve,  with 
a  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the  Silves,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Lagos.     Pop.  5499. 

Yillanova  de  Forto,  Teel-I&-no'v&  d&  poR'to,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  on  the  Douro,  opposite 
Oporto,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  active  ship-building. 

Yillanova  de  San  Antonio,  veel-l&-no'v&  d&  s&n 
in-to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sergipe,  on  the  Sao 
Francisco,  20  miles  N.  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  4000. 

Yillanova  de  S&o  Luis,  Brazil.     See  Guaratuba. 

Yillanova  de  Souza,  veel-l4-no'vi  di  s6'z3,,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  280  miles  W.  of  Parahiba.     Pop.  5000. 

Yillanova  do  Principe,  veel-li  no'va  do  preen'se- 
pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Rio  de  Contas.     Pop.  2000. 

Yillanova  do  Principe,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  the  Serido,  150  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Natal.     Pop.  3000. 

Yillanow,  viria-n5w,  a  post-oflSce  of  Walker  co.,  Ga., 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Dalton,  and  about  33  miles  N.  of  Rome. 
Here  is  an  academy. 

Yillanterio,  vil-l&n-t&'re-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  2414. 

Yillanueva  de  Aicolea,  veel-y&-nwi'v4  di  &l-ko- 
Ik'k,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province  and  17  miles 
from  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1484. 

Yillanueva  de  Cordova,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk  koR'- 
do-v&  (or  de  la  Jara,  dk  1&  H&'r&),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the  S.  slope 
of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  6535. 

Yillanueva  de  la  Fuente,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk  1& 
fwdn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  56  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2087. 

Yillanueva  del  Ariscal,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  ddl  &-ree8- 
k&l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  7  miles 
from  Seville.     Pop.  1661. 

Yillanueva  del  Arzobispo,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dfil  aR- 
tho-bees'po,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Jaen,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  3822. 

Yillanueva  de  la  Serena,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  d&  1&  sk- 
rk'nk,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  the  Guadiana,  province  and  68 
miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  9630. 

Yillanueva  de  la  Sierra,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk  Ik  se- 
iR'R&,  a  town  of  Spain,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Caceres.     P.  1103. 

Yillanueva  de  la  Yera,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk  11  vk'rk, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Caoeres,  42  miles  E.  of  Pla- 
senoia.     Pop.  2257. 

Yillanueva  del  Campo,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  d£l  k&m'po, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8  miles  W.  of  Leon,  with  a 
large  annual  fair.     Pop.  2676. 

Yillanueva  del  Fresno,  vert-yi-nw4'vi  d4l  fr&'no, 
a  town  of  Spain,  near  the  frontier  of  Portugal,  province 
and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2792. 

Yillanueva  de  los  Castillejos,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk 
loce  kis-teel-yi'Hoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  3442. 

Yillanueva  de  los  Infantes,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk 
loce  in-fd.n'tds,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  61  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real,  near  the  Jabalon.  Pop.  6130.  It 
has  several  fountains  and  a  hospital ;  and  in  the  neighbor- 
hood are  several  springs  and  copper-mines. 

Yillanueva  del  Rosario,  veel-y&-nw&'v&ddl  ro-s&'- 
re-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  about  20 
miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2018. 

Yillanueva  de  San  Juan,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  dk  s&n 
Hoo-4n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  55 
miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1913. 

Yillanueva  y  la  Geltru,  veel-y&-nw&'v&  e  \k  hSI- 
troo',  a  town  and  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  hats,  lace,  paper,  soap,  and  brandy. 

Yillanuova,  vil-l&-noo-o'v&,  a  village  of  Italy,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Arda.     Pop.  2905. 

Yillanuova,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria, 
3  miles  N.  of  Gasale.     Pop.  3042. 

Yilla  Poncade  Aguiar,  veel'I&pon'ki  dk  S.-ghe-aR', 
a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  province  of  Tras-os-Montes, 
33  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Braga.     Pop.  1736. 

Yilla  Puzzu,  veel'li  poot-soo',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2531. 

Yillar  Bobbio,  vil-laR'  bob'be-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Turin,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  2236. 

Yillard,  vee^yaR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy, 
8  miles  W.  ot  Beaufort.     Pop.  990. 


Yillard  de  Lans,  vee^yaR'  d^h  1&n<>,  a  town  of  France^ 
Is^re,  near  the  Bourne,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Grenoble.  P.  78». 

Yillar  de  Canas,  veel-yaR'  dk  kk'nka,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  24  miles  from  Cuenca, 
near  the  Zancara.     Pop.  1326. 

Yillar  de  Ciervos,  veel-yaR'  dk  the-SR'voce,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  N.W.  of  Zamora.    P.  1306. 

Yillar  del  Arzobispo,  veel-yan'  dil  aR-tho-bees'po, 
or  Yillar  de  Benaduf,  veel-yaR'  dk  hk-nk-dooV,  a  village 
of  Spain,  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  2807. 

Yillar  del  Rey,  veel-yaR'  dil  rk,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  21  miles  N.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2387. 

Yillar  de  San  Antonio,  veel-laR'  d&  s&n  &n-to'ne-o, 
or  Yilla  Real  (veel'li  ri-il')  de  San  Antonio,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Tavira,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Guadiana.     It  is  fortified.     Pop.  2993. 

Yillareal,  veel'l&-r&-&l',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras- 
os-Montes,  on  the  Corgo,  14  miles  N.  of  Lamego.    P.  4760. 

Yilla  Real,  veel'yi  ri-41'  (i.e.,  "royal  town"),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la 
Plana,  on  the  Mijares,  4  miles  from  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  8666.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  entered  by  4 
gates,  and  has  manufactories  of  woollens  and  of  brandy. 

Yilla  Real  de  Concepcion,  veel'yi  rk-kV  dk  kon- 
thdp-th«-on',  a  town  of  Paraguay,  on  the  river  Paraguay, 
130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Assumption.     Pop.  4000. 

Yillarejo  de  Fuentes,  veel-y&-r&'Ho  dk  fwdn'tis,  » 
town  of  Spain,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2147. 

Yillarejo  de  Salvanes,  veel-y4-r4'Ho  dk  s&I-v&'nis, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Madrid, 
between  the  Tagus  and  Tajuna.     Pop.  2991. 

Yillares,  Los,  loce  veel-y&'r&s,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  5  miles  S.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  2441 
Near  it  are  quarries  of  limestone  and  gypsum. 

Yillargordo,  veel-yaR-goR'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaen,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  1753. 

Yillargordo  de  Jucar,  veel-yaR-goR'do  dk  Hoo-kaR', 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  of  Cuenca,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Jucar,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarazona.     Pop.  1384. 

Yil'la  Rica,  rik'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ga., 
in  a  beautiful  valley,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Atlanta.  It 
contains  an  academy  and  2  churches,  and  near  it  are  rich 
gold-mines. 

Yilla  Rica,  or  Yilla  Real,  Brazil.  SeeOuRO  Pretu. 

Yilla  Rica  de  la  Yera  Cruz.    See  Vera  Cruz. 

Yil'la  Ridge,  a  station  in  Cobk  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Yilla  Ridge,  or  Yalley  Forge,  a  post-village  of 
Pulaski  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  several  fine  villas,  and 
a  nursery.  Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  shipped  here. 
Pop.  about  500.     Here  is  Villa  Ridge  Post-OfBce. 

Villarino,  veel-y&-ree'no,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salamanca,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Tormes  and  Douro. 

Yilla  Rosa,  vil'li  ro's&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  6263. 

Yillaroya  de  la  Sierra,  veel-y&-ro'y&  dk  1&  se- 
£r'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  63  miles  W.  of  Saragossa.  P.  1846. 

Yillaroya  de  los  JPinares,  veel-yi-ro'yi  dk  loce  pe- 
nk'tia,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Teruel.     P.  1130. 

Yillarrobleda,  veel-yaR-Ro-bl&'s&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  6569.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  coarse  woollens  and  earthenwares. 

Yillarrubia  de  los  Ojos  de  Guadiana,  veel-yaR- 
Roo'Be-&  di  loce  o'Hoce  di  gwi-De-4'ni,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  6641. 
It  has  a  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Ixar,  and  a  trade  in  wines. 

Yillarrubia  de  Ocana,  veel-yaR-Roo'Be-4dio-kin'- 
yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toledo.     P.  2623. 

Yillasandino,  veel-yi-sin-dee'no  (anc.  Desobriga  t), 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  W.  of  Burgos. 

Yilla  San  Giovanni,  vil-li  siq  jo-vin'nee,  a  village 
of  Italy,  8  miles  N.  of  Reggio,  on  the  Strait  of  Messina. 
It  has  manufactures  of  fine  silks.     Pop.  2133. 

Yilla  Santa  Maria,  vil'li  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lanciano,  on 
the  Sangro.     Pop.  2676. 

Yillaearracino,  veel-yi-saR-Ri-thee'no,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  province  and  30  miles  from  Palencia. 

Yillaseca  de  la  Sagra,  veel-yi-s4'ki  di  \k  si'gri,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Toledo.     Pop.  1369. 

Yillasor,  vil-li-soR',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2326. 

Yillastellone,  vil-li-stSl-lo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Turin,  not  far  from  Carmagnola.    Pop.  1982. 


VIL 


2733 


vni 


Villatobas,  veel-yS.-to'B4s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
»Dd  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2867. 

Villa  Veiha  d'Espirito  Sauto,  a  town  of  Brazil. 
Bee  EspiRiTO  Santo. 

Villaverde,  veel-li-v4R'di,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Bahia,  on  the  Buranhen,  20  miles  W.  of  Porto  Seguro.  It 
exports  timber  and  cotton. 

yillaverde)  veel-y&-vdR'd&,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Ferro,  one  of  the  Canaries,  on  its  N.E.  coast. 

Villaviciosa,  veel-yi-ve-the-o'si,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2411. 

Villaviciosa,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Linares,  with  a  custom-house. 

Villaviciosade  Odon,  veel-y4-ve-the-o'si  di  o-D5n', 
A  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Guadalajara,  53  miles  N.E. 
of  Madrid.  Here  was  fought,  in  1710,  the  battle  which 
terminated  the  "  War  of  the  Succession"  and  seated  Philip 
V.  on  the  Spanish  throne. 

Villa  Vi<;osa,  veel'lS,  ve-so'si,  a  town  of  Portugal, 

frovince  of  Alemtejo,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Elvas.  Pop.  3436. 
t  has  a  brisk  trade  in  oil  and  wine.  In  the  neighborhood 
is  a  royal  hunting-palace,  with  a  large  park. 

Villa  Vifosa,  veel-li  ve-so'si,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  150  miles  W.  of  Cear£,  among  groves  of  cocoa  palms. 
Pop.  5000. 

Villavieja,  veel-yi-ve-i'Hl,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Va- 
lencia, province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana. 
It  is  remarkable  for  its  thermal  springs.     Pop.  2027. 

Villavieja,  voel-yi-ve-i'ni,  a  town  of  Costa  Rica,  7 
miles  W.  of  San  Jos6. 

Villa-Vistosa-da-madre-de-Dio8,  in  Pari, 
Brazil.     See  Villa-Nova. 

Vill6,  vee^yi',  or  Weiler,  viMaiR'  (Ger.  pron.  M'l^r"), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  2351, 

Villedieu-les-Foeles,  veerde-uh'-U-po^ail',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Manehe,  on  the  Sienne,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Avranches.  Pop.  3434.  It  has  iron-,  copper-,  and  bell- 
foundries,  and  manufactures  of  hardwares,  buttons,  buckles, 
parchment,  lace,  and  clocks. 

Villefranche,  veePfrftjish'  (It.  Villa/ranca,  vil'li- 
fring'ki),  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  on 
the  sea,  2  miles  E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1933. 

Villefranche  de  Lauragais,  veerfriNsh'  d§h  15^- 
ri'gi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  20  miles  S.E. 
Df  Toulouse.     Pop.  2134. 

Villefranche  de  Rouergue,  veel^friNsh'  d^h  roo^- 
aiRg',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  35  miles  W.  of  Rodez, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aveyron.  Lat.  44°  23'  N. ;  Ion. 
2°  2'  E.  Pop.  7819.  It  has  a  communal  college,  public 
library,  town  hall,  museum,  paper-mills,  copper-,  iron-,  and 
brass-works,  and  tanneries. 

Villefranche  -  sur-  Sadne,  veerfr6Nsh'-siiR-s5n,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Rh&ne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saflne, 
and  on  the  railway  to  Paris,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons.  Pop. 
11,994.  It  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  college,  normal 
school,  manufactures  of  leather,  blankets,  calico,  and  other 
cotton  fabrics,  and  a  large  trade  in  wine,  silk,  <fcc. 

Villejuif,  veerzhweef  (i.e.,  "Jew-town"),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine,  4  miles  S.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1931. 

VillemUT)  veermiiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  on  the  Tarn,  19  miles  N.  of  Toulouse.   Pop.  2367. 

Villena,  veel-yi'nS,  (anc.  Turbula  ?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  32  miles  N.AV.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  8350.  It 
stands  near  the  foot  of  Mount  San  Cristoval,  which  is 
crowned  with  a  castle  now  in  ruins.  It  has  an  extensive 
modern  suburb,  town  hall,  palace,  hospital,  barracks,  soap- 
factory,  and  brandy-distilleries. 

Villenanxe,  veernox'  or  veelM^h-nSx',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aube,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nogent-sur-Seine. 
It  has  a  tannery,  porcelain-factory,  tile-works,  and  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  2227. 

Villenave,  veel^niv',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1421. 

Villeneuve,  veePnuv'  or  veePl^h-nuv',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aveyron,  6  miles  N.  of  Villefranche.  Pop.  of 
commune,  3277. 

Villeneuve,  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  10  miles  E. 
of  Mont-de-Marsan,  on  the  Midou.     Pop.  1155. 

Villeneave,  veel^nuv'  (Ger.  Nemtadt,  noi'stitt,  signi- 
fying, as  well  as  the  French  name  Villeneuve,  "  new  town"), 
a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  at  the  E.  extremity 
of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne. 

Villeneuve  de  Berg,  veernuv'  d^h  baiR,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Arddche,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Privas.     P.  1861. 

Villeneuve  I'Archev^que,  veernuv'  laR'sh^h-vaik', 
ft  town  of  France,  department  of  Yonne,  12  miles  E.  of 
Sens,  on  the  Vannes.     Pop.  1857. 


Villeneuve  -  les  -Avignon,  veernuv'- Uz-lVeen'- 
y6s»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Gard,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rhone,  opposite  Avignon,  with  manufactures 
of  woollens  and  silks.     Pop.  2652. 

Villeneuve- Saint- Georges,  veernTJv'-s4N»-zhoRzh, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine,  9  miles 
above  Paris.     Pop.  2228. 

Villeneuve  -  sur- Lot,  veernuv'-sUn-lo,  or  Ville" 
neuve  d'Agen,  veePnuv'  di^zhftu"'  (L.  Vil'la  No'va),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  18  miles  N.  of  Agen, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Lot.  Parts  of  its  old  fortifications  still 
remain.  It  has  courts  of  first  resort  and  of  commeroe, 
tanneries,  manufactures  of  combs,  buttons,  shoes,  Sm.,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  prunes.     Pop.  9681. 

Villeneuve-sur- Yonne,  veernuv'-siiR-yon,  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Yonne,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Joigny, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yonne.     Pop.  3606. 

Villenova,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     See  Villanova. 

Ville  Platte,  veel  plat,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry 
parish.  La.,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Opelousas.     Pop.  135. 

Villers,  veePy4'  or  vee^yi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabant,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brussels,  with  magnifi- 
cent ruins  of  a  Cistercian  abbey  founded  in  1147. 

Villers-Bretonneux,  vee^i'-br^h-ton^nch',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Somme,  10  miles  E.  of  Amiens.  It  has  saw- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  woollens,  flannels,  hosiery, 
bricks,  <fcc.     Pop.  5356. 

Villers-Cotterets,  veeV^'-kotH§h-rS,',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Soissons.  Pop.  3116. 
It  has  a  castle  built  by  Francis  I.,  now  a  depot  of  men- 
dicity for  the  department  of  Seine. 

Villers- Guilain,  vee^yi'-gheeMiu"',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2063. 

Villers-Outreau,  vee^yi'-ooHro',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  3021. 

Villette,  La,  IJ,  veePlitt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
arrondissementof  Saint-Denis,  included  within  the  fortifica- 
tions of  Paris  on  the  N.E.  It  contains  the  great  terminal 
basins  of  the  Canals  de  I'Ourcq,  Saint-Denis,  and  Saint- 
Martin.  It  has  potteries,  vinegar- works,  soap-boiling 
houses,  sugar-refineries,  and  numerous  warehouses. 

Villette,  veePlfitt',  a  post-settlement  in  Compton  co.. 
Quebec,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Coaticook.  It  has  2  churches  ana 
a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Villeurbanne,  veeriur^bin',  a  village  of  France,  in 
IsSre,  4  miles  from  Lyons.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemi- 
cals, soap,  and  silk.     Pop.  5850. 

Villeveyrac,  veelViVik',  a  village  of  France,  in 
H6rault,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  2379. 

Villiers-le-Bel,  ve3Vi'-l?h-b5l,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine-et-Oise,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Ecouen. 

Villierstown,  vil'y§rs-t5wn,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  AVaterford,  9i  miles  N.  of  Youghal.     Pop.  300. 

Villimpenta,  vil-lim-pfin'ti,  or  Villimpinta,  vn- 
lim-pin'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Mantua. 

Villingen,  fil'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  in  the  Black 
Forest,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.  Pop.  5578.  It  has 
many  mills,  and  manufactures  of  chemicals,  watches,  and 
woollen  cloth. 

Villisca,  vil-lis'ka,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nodaway  River,  and 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  18  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Red  Oak,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Clarinda.  A  branch 
of  this  railroad  extends  from  Villisca  to  Clarinda.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  a  graded  school,  4 
churches,  and  steam  marble-works.     Pop.  1744. 

Villmar,  fil'maR,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassao, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Weilburg.     Pop.  2099. 

Villmergen,  vill'mfiR^gh^n  (formerly  Villinarin* 
gen,  viirmi-ring-§n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aargau.     Pop.  1693. 

Villoslada,  veel-yo-sl&'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  S.  of  Logroiio.     Pop.  1149. 

Villot'ta,  a  post-office  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas. 

Villu'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  about  28 
miles  N.  of  Eufaula,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  Seale  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  school. 

Vilmanstrand,  or  Wilmanstrand,  vil'm&n-stHlnd^ 
(Finlandish,  Lapperanda,  l&p-p&-r&n'd&),  a  town  of  Fin- 
land, 30  miles  N.W.  of  Viborg,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake 
Saima.     Pop.  1131. 

Vilna,  or  Wilna,  vil'n&,  a  government  of  Russia, 
mostly  between  lat.  63"  40'  and  56°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  21» 
10'  and  27°  E.,  having  on  the  S.  the  government  of 
Grodno,  E.  Minsk  and  a  part  of  Vitebsk,  N.  Kovno,  and 
on  the  W.  Suvalki,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river 
Niemen.    Area,  16,412  square  miles.    Estimated  population 


VIL 


2734 


VIN 


in  1883,  1,223,262.  The  surface  is  a  wide  plain,  inter- 
spersed with  a  few  sand-hills  and  numerous  marshes  and 
lakes.  Principal  rivers,  the  Vilia,  and  other  afBuents 
of  the  Niemen  in  the  S.,  and  the  Disna  in  the  N.  Rather 
more  grain  (chiefly  rye)  is  raised  than  is  required  for 
home  consumption.  Large  quantities  of  hemp  and  flax  are 
produced;  hops  and  pulse  to  a  less  extent.  The  forests 
are  very  extensive,  and  tar,  potash,  deals,  Ac,  are  impor- 
tant products,  also  honey,  and  skins  of  elks,  bears,  wolves, 
foxes,  martens,  and  squirrels.  The  urus,  or  wild  bull,  is 
hero  met  with.  Manufactures  have  increased  of  late,  but 
they  are  not  yet  of  much  consequence.  The  raw  produce 
is  exported  down  the  Duna  to  Riga,  or  overland  to  the 
Baltic  by  way  of  Prussia.  The  trade  is  mostly  in  the  hands 
of  Jews.  This  government  retains  many  of  its  old  privi- 
leges. It  is  divided  into  11  circles.  Principal  towns,  Vilna 
(the  capital),  Lida,  Troki,  and  Drooya. 

Vilna^  or  Wilna^  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  same  name,  and  formerly  capital  of  Lithua- 
nia, is  situated  on  the  Vilia,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Grodno.  Es- 
timated population  (1883),  93,763.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall, 
and  is  built  chiefly  of  timber.  It  has  a  cathedral  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  containing  good  paintings,  and  the  marble 
chapel  and  tomb  of  St.  Casimir,  numerous  other  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  Greek,  Lutheran,  and  Calvinist  churches, 
2  synagogues,  a  mosque,  a  fine  town  hall,  an  arsenal,  ex- 
change, theatre,  several  hospitals,  barracks,  magazines,  a 
governor's  palace,  some  noble  residences,  which  are  hand- 
some buildings,  and  remains  of  the  royal  castle  'f  the 
Jagellons,  kings  of  Poland.  Vilna  is  the  residence  of  civil 
and  military  governors,  the  see  of  a  Grseoo-Russian  arch- 
bishop and  a  Roman  Catholic  bi.shop,  and  the  seat  of  a 
medico-chirurgical  school,  with  a  botanic  garden,  an  eccle- 
siastical seminary,  several  gymnasia  and  other  high  schools, 
and  an  academy,  replacing  its  university,  which  was  sup- 
pressed in  1832.  It  has  a  few  manufactures  and  a  con- 
siderable trade. 

Vilo'nia,  a  post-oflSce  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark. 

VilS)  fils,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  circles  of  Upper  and  Lower 
Bavaria,  joins  the  Danube  at  Vilshofen,  after  an  E.N.E. 
course  of  70  miles. 

VilS)  a  river  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  flows  S.  and 
•joins  the  Naab  21  miles  S.  of  Amberg.     Length,  50  miles. 

Vilsbiburg,  fil8'be-bS5RG\  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria, 
on  the  Vils,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Landshut.  Pop.  2094.  It  has 
nitre-factories  and  breweries. 

Vilshofen,  fils'hoT^n,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the 
Danube,  here  joined  by  the  Vils,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pas- 
sau.     Pop.  2906. 

Vilvestre,  veel-vfls'tri,  several  market-towns  of  Spain, 
the  principal  46  miles  W.N.W.  q# Salamanca,  near  the  Por- 
tuguese frontier. 

Vilvoorden,  vil-v5R'd§n  (Fr.  Vilvorde,  veelVoRd'),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brus- 
sels, on  the  railway  to  Antwerp.  Pop.  6844.  Its  large  old 
castle  now  serves  for  a  penitentiary.  Here  Tindale,  the 
English  reformer,  suflfered  martyrdom  in  1536. 

Vimeira,  ve-mi'e-rS,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  near  the  coast,  7  miles  N.  of  Torres- Vedras,  famous 
for  the  defeat  of  the  French  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
August  21,  1808. 

Yimercate)  ve-mjR-ki'ti  (anc.  Vi'cut  Mar'tiiu .'),  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  3694. 

Vimieiro,  ve-me-i'e-ro,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Alemtejo,  20  miles  N.  of  Evora.     Pop.  1584. 

YimiosO)  ve-me-o'so,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os- 
Montes,  near  the  Spanish  frontier,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bra- 
ganza.     Pop.  1280. 

Yimoutier,  vee^mooHe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne, 
on  the  Vire,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Argentan.  Pop.  2775. 
Linen  fabrics  are  extensively  made  here  and  in  the  vicinity. 

Yi'na,  a  post-village  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad  (Oregon  division),  19  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Chico,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Sacramento  River. 

Vi'nalha'ven,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  com- 
prising South  Island  and  several  smaller  islands  in  Penob- 
scot Bay,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta.  The  island  is  partly 
covered  with  granite.     Ppp.  in  1890,  2617. 

Yinalmont,  vee'nirm6N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1203. 

Yinaroz,  ve-n4-roth',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
46  miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  near  the  mouths  of 
the  Ebro,  and  close  to  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  9795.  It 
is  partly  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  fine 
parish  church,  hospital,  ship-building  yard,  a  coasting-trade, 
«nd  active  fisheries. 


Yinay,  vee^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Isfere,  15  miles  W. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1692. 

Yin^a,  vS,N»^sa',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr^nges-Orien- 
tales,  near  the  Tet,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Perpignan.  Pop. 
2093.     In  its  vicinity  are  medicinal  springs. 

Yincennes,  vin-s4nz'  (Fr.  pron.  viN»^s5nn'),  a  town 
and  castle  of  France,  in  Seine,  4  miles  E.  of  the  BarriSre 
du  Tr&ne,  Paris.  Pop.  18,243.  The  castle,  erected  in 
1339,  in  the  midst  of  a  forest,  was  used  as  a  royal  resi- 
dence till  the  time  of  Louis  XV.  It  was  afterwards  made 
a  state  prison,  and  has  a  square-turreted  keep,  is  enclosed 
by  dry  ditches,  and  entered  by  2  drawbridges.  The  great 
Cond6,  Diderot,  Mirabeau,  and  many  other  distinguished 
persons  have  been  confined  in  this  fortress.  It  contains  a 
fine  armory  and  depot  of  artillery.  The  wood  of  Vincennes 
is  a  favorite  holiday  resort  of  the  Parisians. 

Yincennes,  vin-senz',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  co., 
Ind.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  or  left  bank  of  the  Wabash  River, 
51  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  58  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute,  and 
148  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Lat.  38°  43'  N.j  Ion.  87° 
32'  W.  It  is  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  and  ia 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Cairo  A  Vincennes  Railroad, 
which  here  connects  with  the  Indianapolis  A  Vincennes 
Railroad.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  Catholic  cathedral,  9  Protestant 
churches,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  several  steam  flouring-mills.  Vin- 
cennes is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  and  possesses  much 
historical  interest.  It  was  settled  about  1735  by  French 
emigrants  from  Canada,  who  for  several  generations  lived 
on  friendly  terms  with  the  savages  of  the  surrounding 
foresu.  It  was  the  capital  of  Indiana  Territory  from  1800 
to  1813.  Pop.  in  1870,  5440  ;  in  1880,  7680 ;  in  1890,  8853 ; 
of  Vincennes  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1851. 

Yincennes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  is  in  a  val- 
ley near  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  A  Dea 
Moines  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.  Pop.  about 
200.     The  station  at  this  place  is  called  Sand  Prairie. 

Yincennes,  or  Saint  Iiuc,  skv  liik,  a  post-village 
in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Three  Rivers. 
Pop. 100. 

Vin'centy  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Yincent,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.     Here  is  a  church. 

Yincent)  a  post-village  in  Barlow  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  162. 

Vincent)  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Phoenixville. 

Vincent's,  a  station  in  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Grayson. 

Vincent,  Saint,  an  island.    See  Saint  Vincent. 

Yin'centown,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town- 
ship, Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Ran- 
cooas  Creek,  and  on  the  Vincentown  A  Ewansville  Branch 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  mill,  and  about  150  houses. 

Yinchiaturo,  vin-ke-i-too'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3529. 

Vindau,  Windaa,  vin'dSw,  or  Vindava,  vin-di'v4, 
a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Vilna,  flows 
N.N.W.  past  Goldingen,  and  enters  the  Baltic  at  Vindau. 
Length,  160  miles. 

Vindau,  Windau,  or  Vindava,  a  seaport  town  ot 
Russia,  in  Courland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vindau  in  the 
Baltic,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Mitau.  Pop.  4108.  It  has  a 
considerable  export  trade  in  corn,  timber,  linseed,  flax,  and 
salted  provisions. 

Vindavana,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bindbaban. 

Vindhya  (vlnd'yS,,  or  Vindhyan,  vlnd'y&n)  Moan> 
tains,  a  mountain-range  extending  from  E.  to  W.  across 
the  peninsula  of  India,  from  the  basin  of  the  Ganges  to 
Guzerat.  It  forms  the  N.  boundary  of  the  valley  of  the 
Nerbudda,  unites  the  N.  extremities  of  the  East  and  West 
Ghauts,  and  extends  from  lat.  22°  to  25°  N.  It  is  of  gra- 
nitic formation,  overlaid  with  sandstone.  All  S.  of  this 
range  was  called  the  Deccan  under  the  Moguls,  while  all  N. 
of  it  was  named  Hitidostan. 

Vindicari,  vin-de-k4'ree  (anc.  Na\utathmu«f),  a  small 
island  and  port  near  Sicily,  7  miles  S.S.B.  of  Noto. 

Vindobona,  Austria.     See  Vienna. 

Vindonissa,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Bruos. 

Vindonissa,  the  ancient  name  of  Windisch. 

Vine,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  7  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  176. 


VIN 


2735 


VIO 


Vin'egar  Hill,  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  immediately 
B.  of  Ennisoorthj,  was  in  1798  the  head-quarters  and  scene 
of  many  of  the  atrocities  of  the  insurgent  forces. 

Yin'egar  Hill,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.   Pop.  693. 

Vine  Grove,  a  post>hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  A,  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vineland,  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.    See  Vinland. 

Vineland,  vin'lq,nd,  a  post-office  of  Yellow  Medicine 
00.,  Minn. 

Yineland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  47  miles 
S.  by  W,  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  barytes-mill. 

Vineland,  a  post-town  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Vineland  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia,  6  miles  N.  of  Mill- 
ville,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bridgeton.  It  was  founded 
in  1861,  and  is  situated  in  a  level  sandy  and  loamy  tract. 
Vineland  contains  10  churches,  4  public  halls,  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  a  safe-deposit  company,  a  large  hotel,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers and  1  monthly  periodical.  It  has  several  machine- 
shops,  steam  flour-mills,  and  manufactories  of  shoes,  car- 
riages, fruit-crates,  buttons,  gloves,  paper  boxes,  sash, 
blinds,  <fcc.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  production  of 
grapes  and  other  fruits  for  the  markets  of  Philadelphia  and 
New  York.  The  principal  avenues  are  from  60  to  100  feet 
wide.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Vine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0. 

Vine's  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  <&  Mississippi  Railroad,  50 
miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Vine  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Canandaigua  Lake,  10  miles  S.  of  Canandaigua.  It  has 
several  warehouses.     Grapes  and  peaches  abound  here. 

Vineville,  vin'vil,  a  village  and  station  of  Bibb  co., 
Ga.     It  has  a  church  .and  a  Catholic  college. 

Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co..  Ark. 

Vineyard,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Vineyard,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.     P.  1419. 

Vineyard,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Tex. 

Vineyard  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  Tisbury  township, 
Dukes  CO.,  Mass.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  called  Holmes 
Hole  or  Vineyard  Haven,  5  miles  from  Wood's  HoU  Station, 
and  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Edgartown.  It  has  a  capacious 
harbor,  and  facilities  for  bathing,  also  2  churches.  It  is  a 
harbor  of  refuge,  and  has  a  marine  hospital. 

Vineyard  Hill,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Wrightsville. 

Vineyard  Sound,  Massachusetts,  separates  Martha's 
Vineyard  from  the  Elizabeth  Islands,  Length,  about  20 
miles;  average  breadth,  from  4  to  5  miles. 

Vi'ney  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Ark., 
12  miles  W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church. 

Vingor'la,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay,  on  the  W.  coast,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Goa.  Lat. 
15°  50'  N.;  Ion.  69°  35'  E.  Pop.  14,996.  It  has  a  fort, 
and  about  25  miles  distant  are  the  Vingorla  Islands,  in  the 
Indian  Ocean. 

Vinhftes,  veen-yi'fi.vs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Tras-os-Montes,  14  miles  W.  of  Braganza.  It  is  walled,  is 
entered  by  two  gates,  and  has  an  old  fort.     Pop.  1936. 

Vi'ning  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  J  of  a  mile  from  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  and  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  church.    The  river  here  affords  great  water-power. 

Vinita,  vin'e-ti,  a  post-village  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
Railroad,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  122  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  Mo.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  2  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Vinkeveen,  vin*k§h-vain',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2174. 

Vinkovcze,vin-kovt's9h,  or  Vinko'witz,  a  market- 
town  of  Military  Slavonia,  on  the  Boszut  (bo'soot*),  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Eszek.  Pop.  3500.  It  has  a  college,  a  high 
school,  and  a  German  normal  school. 

Vin'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  <k  Galveston  Railroad,  9i 
miles  S.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

Vinland,  a  post-township  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Winnebago,  and  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  is  about  4  miles 
N.  of  Oshkosh.     Pop.  1141. 

Vinnitsa,  Winnitza,  or  Winnica,  vin-nit'si  or 
rtn-neet's&,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Bug,  80 
Biles  N.E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  18,780.     It  is  enclosed  by 


a  deep  ditch,  and  has  a  citadel,  several  churches,  a  college^ 
and  a  synagogue. 

Vi'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Richland 
township,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Vinovo,  ve-no'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  S.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2467. 

Vin'son,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Vintimiglia,  vin-te-meel'yi,  or  Ventimiglia,  vin- 
te-meel'yi  (anc.  Al'bium  Intime'lium),  a  town  of  Italy,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nice,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  month 
of  the  Roya.  Pop.  3518.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  bishop's 
palace,  2  convents,  a  hospital,  and  a  castle. 

Vin'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Raccoon  and 
Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  buck- 
eye, and  sugar-maple  are  found.  Indian  corn,  hay,  butter, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and 
iron  ore  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Columbus, 
Hocking  Valley  <fc  Toledo  Railway.  Capital,  McArthur. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,027;  in  1880,  17,223;  in  1890,  16,045. 

Vinton,  a  city,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Taylor 
township,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Cedar  Rapids,  and  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  loan 
and  trust  company,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  and  the  state 
institution  for  the  blind,  which  was  founded  in  1853.  Vin- 
ton has  manufactures  of  carriages,  chairs,  flour,  and  furni- 
ture, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  newspapers  and  2 
monthly  periodicals.     Pop.  in  1880,  2906  ;  in  1890,  2865. 

Vinton,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles  N.  of 
Junction  City. 

Vinton,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River,  13  miles  above  Columbus,  and  8  miles  E.  of 
West  Point.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  steam 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  450. 

Vinton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles  B.  of 
La  Cygne,  Kansas.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Vinton,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co.,  Neb.,  75  miles  N. 
of  Kearney  Junction. 

Vinton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  C,  on  Raccoon 
Creek,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gallipolis.     Pop.  137. 

Vinton,  a  village  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles  from 
Kanawha  Falls.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Vinton  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  in 
Madison  township,  2  miles  from  Vinton  Furnace  Station, 
and  5  miles  S.E.  of  McArthur.  Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
here.     Here  is  a  furnace  of  6000  tons'  capacity. 

Vinton  Furnace  Station  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincin- 
nati Railroad  is  8  miles  N.E.  of  Hamden,  and  3  miles  E. 
of  McArthur,  0. 

Vinton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Vinton  co ,  0.,  at 
Vinton  Furnace  Station. 

Viola,  vi-o'1%,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Viola,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Viola,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  639. 

Viola,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Mercer  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  Branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Aledo,  and 
21  miles  S.  of  Rock  Island.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  407. 

Viola,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  218. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Brown  town- 
ship, on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad,  7  milM 
W.S.W.  of  Anamosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Viola,  a  post-office  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  from 
Manton. 

Viola,  a  post-township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  about  10 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rochester.     Pop.  798. 

Viola,  a  post-village  in  Viola  township,  Olmsted  oo., 
Minn.,  on  the  Eyota  <t  Plainviow  Railroad,  at  Viola  Sta- 
tion, 10  miles  S.  of  Plainview.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
Viola  Centre  Post-Office. 

Viola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  12  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oregon  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  McMinnville.     It  has  3  stores  and  3  churches. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  from 
Hoxie  Station  (Texas  Pacific  Railroad),  which  is  6  miles  S. 
of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Viola,  a  post- village  in  Forest  township,  Richland  co.. 
Wis-.,  on  the  Kickapoo  River,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.     It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 


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'Viola  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Viola  township,  Au- 
dubon CO.,  Iowa,  12  miles  N.  of  Exira. 

Viola  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Vi'olet,  a  hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Solomon  River,  and  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Beloit.  The  name 
of  ita  post-oflSce  and  station  is  Downs. 

Violet,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.     Pop.  2087. 

Vi'olet,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Big  Creek,  17  miles  W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  200. 

Violet  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  church. 

Viona,  vi-o'na,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa,  25 
miles  S.  of  Algona. 

Vione,  ve-o'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  68 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1298. 

Viotia,  a  district  of  Greece.    See  Bceotia. 

Vip'ond,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana. 

Vique,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  VicH. 

Virabhumi,  a  district  of  Bengal.    See  Beerbhoou. 

Viramgaon,  India.    See  Veerdmgadn. 

Viranchipoora,  Viranchipura,  ve-rin-che-poo'ri, 
or  Brinjeveram,  brin-je-ve-rim',  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presidency  of  Madras,  district  of  North  Arcot,  near 
Vellore. 

Viran-Shehr,  Asia  Minor.    See  Veeban-Shehr. 

Virapelly,  ve-ri-p61'Iee,  a  town  of  British  India,  ter- 
ritory and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Cochin. 

Virawah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Verawow. 

Vir'den,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Springfield, 
and  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  machine-shop,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  coal-mine.  It  is  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Jackson- 
ville, Northwestern  A  Southeastern  Railroad.     Pop.  1800. 

Virdiere,  v^r-deer',  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3176. 

Vire,  veeR  (anc.  Vira  ?),  a  river  of  France,  in  Manohe 
and  Calvados,  after  a  N.  course  of  70  miles,  enters  the  Eng- 
lish Channel  15  miles  N.  of  Saint-Ld. 

Vire  (ano.  Viria  f),  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Calvados,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Vire,  36  miles  S.W.  of 
Caen.  Lat.  48°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  55'  W.  Pop.  6718.  It 
has  a  handsome  church,  a  communal  college,  a  public  li- 
brary, a  chamber  of  manufactures,  a  tribunal  of  commerce, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  steel  goods, 
cotton  goods,  glass,  and  leather,  and  in  its  vicinity  are  iron- 
mines  and  forges. 

Virgil,  vir'jil,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
from  Jefferson.  • 

Virgil,  a  township  of  Kane  co..  111.     Pojp.  1273. 

Virgil,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Verdigris  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Burlington. 

Virgil,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  979. 

Virgil,  a  post-village-  in  Virgil  township,  Cortland  co., 
N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca,  and  9  miles  S.  of 
Homer.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1859. 

Vir'gil,  or  Cross  Roads  (formerly  Lawrence- 
ville),  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  St.  Catharines.     Pop.  100. 

Virgil  City,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Virgin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Virgin  River,  about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  George.  It 
has  a  church. 

Vir'gin  Gor'da,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  British 
West  Indies,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  group,  lat.  18°  30'  N., 
Ion.  64°  14'  W.  Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  9  miles  j  great- 
est breadth,  4  miles.  It  has  many  inlets  affording  anchor- 
age. Its  capital,  Spanish  Town,  is  situated  near  the  W.  end 
of  the  island.     Pop.  768. 

Virginia,  v^r-jin'e-a,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Cavan.     Pop.  786. 

Virginia,  v^r-jin'e-a  (Fr.  Virginie,  veeR^zhee^nee'),  an 
Atlantic  state  of  the  American  Union,  one  of  the  original 
thirteen  states,  is  bounded  N.E.  by  Maryland,  E.  by  Mary- 
land and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee, 
and  N.W.  by  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia.  From  Mary- 
land it  is  divided,  for  the  most  part,  by  the  river  Potomac, 
from  Kentucky  by  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and  from 
West  Virginia  by  a  devious  line  which  follows,  in  part,  the 
crests  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  other  ridges  of  the  Appala- 
chian system  of  mountains.  Area,  42,450  square  miles. 
The  boundary-line  with  Maryland  is  not  settled,  each 
claiming  jurisdiction  over  all  the  waters  of  the  Potomac 


along  their  respective  water-fronts  and  over  certain  island* 
and  fishing-places  in  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Face  of  the  Country. — No  state  in  the  Union  presents  a 
greater  variety  of  surface  than  Virginia,  from  the  moun- 
tain-region of  the  W.,  the  hilly  "  Piedmont  Country"  on  its 
eastern  flank,  declining  eastward  to  the  "  Middle  District" 
and  southeastward  to  the  "  South-Side ;"  the  beautiful  "  Val- 
ley of  Virginia,"  in  its  central  portion;  the  picturesque 
"  Little  Tennessee"  country,  in  the  S.W. ;  the  "  Tidewater 
district,"  E.  and  S.E.  of  the  Piedmont  region,  and  includ- 
ing the  historic  "  Northern  Neck"  and  the  other  "  Penin- 
sulas ;"  and  lastly  the  detached  "  Eastern  Shore,"  which  lies 
on  the  eastern  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay.  These  all  have 
local  peculiarities  of  aspect, — the  western  portion  having 
much  sublime  and  inspiring  scenery,  the  eastern  slope  great 
beauty  and  diversity  of  surface,  and  the  tide-water  counties 
a  generally  level  and  naturally  fertile  soil,  and  a  more  genial 
though  somewhat  less  healthful  climate,  owing  to  the  ex- 
istence of  such  tracts  of  land  as  the  Great  Dismal,  Rattle- 
snake, Chickahominy,  and  White  Oak  Swamps. 

Geology  and  Mineral  Wealth. — A  line  running  south- 
ward from  Alexandria  to  Fredericksburg,  Richmond,  and 
Petersburg  and  the  North  Carolina  line  marks  very  nearly 
the  limit  of  tide-water,  and  the  boundary  between  the  azoio 
rocks  of  the  Piedmont  and  the  tertiary  and  alluvial  of  the 
tide-water  counties.  The  azoic  region  is  limited  northwest- 
ward by  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  but  upon  it  rest  several 
remarkable  short  N.  and  S.  belts  of  the  triassic,  and  at  sev- 
eral points  the  triassic  strata  are  coal-bearing,  as  in  the 
counties  of  Chesterfield,  Prince  Edward,  Henrico,  Powhatan, 
and  Goochland,  and  again  in  the  vicinity  of  Danville.  These 
triassic  coals  are  generally  bituminous  and  of  good  quality, 
but  some  are  native  cokes  of  the  highest  excellence.  They 
were  once  extensively  wrought  near  Richmond,  and  in 
1873  that  field  afforded  some  60,000  tons.  The  mountain 
and  valley  regions  beyond  the  Blue  Ridge  display  somewhat 
complicated  successions  of  Silurian  and  Devonian  lime- 
stones, sandstones,  and  shales.  In  the  southwestern  coun- 
ties of  Buchanan,  Lee,  Wise,  Tazewell,  Russell,  Pulaski, 
Montgomery,  and  Wythe,  there  are  beds  of  coal  of  true 
carboniferous  age,  including  anthracite,  semi-bituminous, 
and  bituminous  coals  ;  but  they  are  not  much  wrought.  Vir- 
ginia has  gold,  copper,  lead,  iron  (in  abundance),  graphite, 
zinc,  sulphur,  salt,  fire-clay,  kaolin,  gypsum  in  vast  beds, 
fine  granite,  slate,  marble,  limestone,  sandstone,  flagstone, 
pyritous  earth,  marls,  steatite,  water-lime,  and  other  useful 
but  thus  far  not  extensively  utilized  minerals.  Salt  is  an 
important  product  of  Southwestern  Virginia.  The  state 
abounds  in  medicinal  springs  of  high  and  wide  repute, 
chiefly  in  the  mountain  and  Piedmont  districts.  Among 
them  are  the  White  Sulphur  Springs,  of  Fauquier  co. ; 
Rawley's,  in  Rockingham  ;  the  Augusta,  in  Augusta ;  Bath 
Alum,  Warm,  Healing,  and  Hot,  in  Bath  ;  Alum,  in  Rock- 
bridge ;  Dibbrell's,  Dogger's,  and  Blue  Ridge  Spring,  in  Bo- 
tetourt ;  White  Sulphur  Spring,  in  Grayson ;  Glade  Spring, 
in  Washington ;  Blue  Spring,  in  Smyth ;  Yellow  Sulphur, 
in  Montgomery ;  Buff'alo  Lithia,  in  Mecklenburg  j  and  hun- 
dreds of  others,  of  general  or  local  fame  and  having  widely 
various  characters. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Under  this  head  we  may 
enumerate,  besides  the  mineral  springs  of  the  state  (which 
are  generally  situated  in  most  picturesque  mountain-re- 
gions), Weyer's  Cave,  in  Augusta  co.,  and  other  interesting 
caverns ;  the  Natural  Bridge,  in  Rockbridge  co. ;  the  Peaks 
of  Otter,  in  Bedford  and  Botetourt  cos.,  4260  feet  high  j  Bal- 
sam Mountain  (5700  feet),  the  highest  land  in  the  state; 
the  Natural  Tunnel,  in  Scott  co.,  Ac.  The  mountains  of 
Virginia  have  a  delightful  summer  climate  and  inspiring 
scenery,  and  are  well  known  as  the  summer  resort  of 
thousands  seeking  rest,  recreation,  or  the  restoration  of 
health.  Old  Point  Comfort,  on  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Hamp- 
ton Roads,  is  a  well-known  seaside  resort. 

Climate. — The  mountain  counties  have  a  short  but  some- 
what severe  winter,  with  long  and  delightfully  cool  summers. 
The  tide-water  country  has  many  swampy  tracts,  which 
render  it  unhealthy  for  strangers  during  summer  and 
autumn,  except  on  salt-water  channels  and  high  grounds. 
But  this  region  has  a  very  mild  winter  climate. 

Bays,  Rivers,  dec. — Chesapeake  Bay,  Hampton  Roads, 
and  the  noble  estuaries  of  the  Potomac,  Rappahannock, 
York,  James,  Nansemond,vand  Elizabeth,  afibrd  excellent 
shipping  facilities  in  Eastern  Virginia.  The  principal 
affluents  of  the  Potomac  are  the  Shenandoah  and  its  forss; 
of  the  Rappahannock,  the  Rapidan ;  of  the  York,  the  Pa- 
munkey  and  the  Mattapony ;  of  the  James,  the  Appomattox 
and  the  Chickahominy.  The  Nottoway,  Blackwater,  and 
Meherrin  flow  into  the  Chowan   in  North  Carolina,  th« 


VIR 


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\ 


Dan  and  the  Staunton  form  the  Roanoke,  and  in  the  S.W. 
there  are  important  affluents  of  the  Tennessee  and  Great 
Kana^rha  Rivers.  Several  of  the  eastern  tributary  rivers 
receive  the  tides,  and  afford  some  navigation,  but  not  by 
any  means  so  extensively  bs  in  colonial  times,  for  the  effect 
of  agriculture  has  been  to  silt  up  many  minor  channels 
where  the  flow  of  water  is  not  strong.  The  navigation  of 
the  James  River  has  been  supplemented  by  the  construction 
of  a  canal  along  its  upper  course,  from  Richmond  to  Buch- 
anan, 196  miles.  In  the  S.E.  the  Albemarle  &  Chesa- 
peake, Jericho,  and  Dismal  Swamp  Canals  afford  commer- 
cial intercourse  with  the  sounds  of  North  Csyolina. 

Forests. — Virginia  affords  much  white  oak,  yellow  pine, 
cedar,  juniper,  and  cypress  timber,  and  has  extensive  for- 
ests of  long-leaved,  oldfield,  and  other  pines,  besides  much 
hickory,  ash,  persimmon,  walnut,  tulip,  locust,  chestnut, 
gum,  linden,  Ac.  Dismal  Swamp  has  afforded  a  great  deal 
of  timber,  and  the  lumber  interest  of  the  state  is  still  one 
of  much  importance.  Tanners'  bark,  sumach-leaves,  fire- 
wood, charcoal,  <fcc.,  are  important  forest  products.  The 
forests  in  many  parts  still  abound  in  deer  and  other  game. 

Agricultural  Resources. — The  exhaustless  fertility  of  the 
limestone  lands  of  the  charming  Valley  of  Virginia  and  of 
"Little  Tennessee,"  and  the  marly  soils  of  some  of  the 
river  alluvions,  will  probably  save  them  from  the  fate  of 
some  of  the  eastern  and  central  counties,  where  an  ill- 
judged  system  of  tobacco-culture  has  worn  out  many  once 
productive  plantations  and  caused  them  to  be  abandoned 
to  forest-growth.  There  is  no  question,  however,  that  the 
greater  part  of  the  old  field-lands  are  by  no  means  worn 
out ;  and,  after  their  long  rest,  many  old  plantations  have 
been  found  admirably  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  peach, 
strawberry,  and  other  fruits,  and  the  raising  of  early  vege- 
tables for  Northern  markets  has  become  an  important  in- 
dustry in  the  eastern  section.  Moreover,  some  of  the  best 
soils  in  the  state  are  swamps  which  have  not  yet  been 
drained,  although  they  might  be  so  treated  without  large 
outlay.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  do  well  in  every  part  of 
Virginia,  and  are  of  excellent  quality.  For  stock-raising, 
wool-growing,  and  dairy-farming  the  state  offers  great 
facilities.  No  state  in  the  Union,  except  Kentucky,  equals 
her  in  the  amount  and  value  of  her  ancient  staple,  tobacco ; 
but  the  spread  of  the  system  of  mixed  agriculture  has 
diminished  its  importance.  The  recent  settlement  of  many 
English  and  other  agriculturists  in  Virginia  promises 
well  for  her  future  farming  interests.  For  the  easy  res- 
toration of  her  lands  she  has  excellent  marls  and  gypsum 
in  abundance. 

Manufactures. — Many  of  the  rivers  (like  the  James  at 
Richmond  and  the  Rappahannock  at  Fredericksburg)  offer 
great  water-power  of  unusually  constant  character.  The 
manufacturing  interests  of  the  state  have  been  of  slow  de- 
velopment ;  but  the  tobacco-works  of  Lynchburg  and  Dan- 
ville, the  flour-manufactures  of  Alexandria,  and  the  iron- 
establishments  of  Richmond  have  been  successfully  estab- 
lished for  many  years.  Leather,  lumber,  carriage-work, 
woollens,  paper,  bricks,  shoes,  furniture,  cooperage,  salt, 
(tc.,  are  now  manufactured  to  some  extent.  In  1890  the 
state  produced  302,447  tons  of  pig-iron,  but  very  little  steel 
is  manufactured  at  present.  Building-stone,  slate,  gold, 
lead,  zinc,  and  copper  are  also  produced  to  some  extent. 

Fisheries. — The  tidal  waters  of  the  state  afford  profitable 
fisheries  of  shad,  bass,  and  other  food-fishes,  and  the  oyster- 
catch  is  of  great  pecuniary  importance.  The  state  has  en- 
couraged and  protected  these  industries  by  appropriate 
legislation.  Many  oysters  are  shipped  hence  for  planting  in 
Northern  waters. 

Commerce. — No  state  in  the  country  has  natural  advan- 
tages for  commerce  equal  to  those  of  Virginia;  but  it  is 
only  of  late  that  her  ports  have  begun  to  take  a  prominent 
share  in  foreign  trade.  Norfolk  has  recently  become  a  lead- 
ing cotton-port,  and,  with  Alexandria,  she  has  important 
foreign  and  coast-wise  traffic.  The  other  ports  of  entry  are 
Petersburg,  Richmond,  Yorktown,  and  Tappahannock,  and 
City  Point,  Suffolk,  Acquia  Creek,  Williamsburg,  and  other 
places  on  tide-water,  are  shipping-points  of  more  or  less 
importance.  Hampton  Roads  is  the  grandest  harbor  upon 
our  Atlantic  coast. 

Government,  tke. — ^The  governor  and  principal  executive 
officers  are  chosen  for  the  term  of  4  years.  Voters  must 
pay  a  small  capitation-tax,  and  must  have  resided  one  year 
in  the  state  and  3  months  in  the  district  where  the  vote  is 
taken.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  general  assembly  for 
limited  terms  of  service.  The  general  assembly  consists  of 
a  senate  of  43  and  a  house  of  delegates  of  138  members. 
The  state  sends  ten  members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 
Richmond  is  the  capital,  and  the  seat  of  the  state  peniten- 


tiary.   There  are  state  lunatic  asylums  at  Staunton,  Rich 
mond,  and  Williamsburg,  and  Staunton  is  the  seat  of  the 
state  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind. 

Railroads  connect  at  Washington,  D.C.,  with  the  North- 
ern system  of  roads,  and  important  trnnk-lines  extend 
southward,  southwestward,  and  westward ;  but  the  extent 
of  local  lines  and  feeders  is  not  equal  to  what  we  find 
in  most  of  the  Northern  states.  In  1850  there  were  384 
miles  of  railroad;  in  1855,  912  miles;  in  1860,  1379  miles; 
in  1865,  1407  miles;  in  1870,  1483  miles;  in  1875,  1608 
miles;  in  1880,  1826  miles;  in  1885,  2692  miles;  in  1890, 
3368  miles. 

The  Counties  are  100,  viz.,  Accomack,  Albemarle,  Alex- 
andria, Alleghany,  Amelia,  Amherst,  Appomattox,  Augusta, 
Bath,  Bedford,  Bland,  Botetourt,  Brunswick,  Buchanan, 
Buckingham,  Campbell,  Caroline,  Carroll,  Charles  City, 
Charlotte,  Chesterfield,  Clarke,  Craig,  Culpeper,  Cumber- 
land, Dickenson,  Dinwiddle,  Elizabeth  City,  Essex,  Fair- 
fax, Fauquier,  Floyd,  Fluvanna,  Franklin,  Frederick,  Giles, 
Gloucester,  Goochland,  Grayson,  Greene,  Greenville,  Hali- 
fax, Hanover,  Henrico,  Henry,  Highland,  Isle  of  Wight, 
James  City,  King  and  Queen,  King  George,  King  William, 
Lancaster,  Lee,  Loudoun,  Louisa,  Lunenburg,  Madison, 
Matthews,  Mecklenburg,  Middlesex,  Montgomery,  Nanse- 
mond.  Nelson,  New  Kent,  Norfolk,  Northampton,  North- 
umberland, Nottoway,  Orange,  Page,  Patrick,  Pittsylvania, 
Powhatan,  Prince  Edward,  Prince  George,  Princess  Anne, 
Prince  William,  Pulaski,  Rappahannock,  Richmond,  Roan- 
oke, Rockbridge,  Rockingham,  Russell,  Scott,  Shenandoah^ 
Smyth,  Southampton,  Spottsylvania,  Stafford,  Surry,  Sussex, 
Tazewell,  Warren,  Warwick,  Washington,  Westmoreland, 
Wise,  Wythe,  and  York. 

The  Principal  Cities  and  Towns  are  Richmond,  the  capi- 
tal (pop.  in  1890,  81,388) ;  Petersburg,  on  the  Appomattox 
(22,680) ;  Norfolk,  the  principal  seaport  (34,871) ;  Ports- 
mouth, near  Norfolk  (13,268);  Alexandria,  on  the  Potomao 
(14,339) ;  Lynchburg,  a  great  tobacco-mart  (19,709) ;  Staun- 
ton (6975),  Fredericksburg  (4528),  Winchester  (5196),  Dan- 
ville (10,305),  Charlottesville  (5591),  Roanoke  (16,159), 
Manchester  (9246),  Newport  News  (4449),  Berkeley  (3899), 
North,  Danville  (3799),  Suffolk  (3354),  Salem  (3297),  Lex- 
ington (3059),  Pocahontas  (2953),  Bristol  (2902),  Bedford 
(2897),  Luray  (2809),  and  Harrisonburg  (2792).  These  and 
many  smaller  towns  have,  as  a  rule,  a  commercial  impor- 
tance far  exceeding  what  might  be  expected  from  their 
size. 

Education.  —  A  free  public-school  system,  with  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents,  and  separate  schools  for 
colored  pupils,  is  provided  for  by  the  constitution.  The 
schools  are  mainly  supported  by  state  and  local  taxation. 
Graded  and  free  high  schools  are  maintained  in  the  more 
populous  places.  Normal  instruction  for  colored  teachers 
is  given  in  three  private  institutions.  There  are  a  large 
number  of  academies,  seminaries,  and  other  incorporated 
private  or  parochial  schools.  The  University  of  Virginia, 
near  Charlottesville,  is  a  state  institution,  founded  by  Jef- 
ferson, and  at  present  taking  a  high  rank  among  American 
colleges.  Other  important  institutions  are  Washington  and 
Lee  University,  at  Lexington,  William  and  Mary  College, 
at  Williamsburg  (established  in  1660),  Emory  and  Henry 
College,  in  Washington  co.  (Methodist),  Hampden-Sydney 
College,  in  Prince  Edward  co.  (Presbyterian),  Richmond 
College,  at  Richmond  (Baptist),  Randolph-Macon  College, 
at  Ashland  (Methodist),  Roanoke  College,  at  Salem  (Lu- 
theran), the  state  agricultural  college,  at  Blacksburg,  and 
the  female  colleges  at  Abingdon,  Danville,  Farmville,  and 
Petersburg.  There  are  also  professional  schools  of  high 
character  in  the  state. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $31,067,- 
137,  the  most  of  which  was  contracted  in  the  building  of 
railroads  and  canals.  This  amount  is  exclusive  of  the  pro- 
portion (one-third)  of  the  old  state  debt  assumed  by  West 
Virginia.  In  the  same  year  the  assessed  value  of  taxable 
property  was  $362,422,741. 

History. — Virginia,  "  the  Old  Dominion,"  so  called  be- 
cause it  was  the  oldest  successful  British  colony  in  America, 
was  founded  in  1607  by  a  party  of  English,  led  by  Captain 
John  Smith.  The  first  settlement  was  at  Jamestown.  The 
early  settlers  were  friends  of  the  Anglican  church  and  of 
the  royal  supremacy,  and  among  them  were  many  persons 
of  gentle  birth.  The  early  years  of  the  colony  were  much 
disturbed  by  Indian  wars.  Virginia  also  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  French  wars,  sending  her  troops  as  far  as  to 
Maine  and  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  1755  Colonel  Washington's 
provincials  prevented  the  utter  ruin  of  Braddook's  army. 
During  the  Revolution  she  bore  a  conspicuous  and  gal- 
lant part.    Seven  presidents  (Washington,  Jefferson,  Madi« 


VER 


2738 


VIS 


6on,  Monroe,  Harrison,  Tyler,  and  Taylor),  and  such  states- 
men and  patriots  as  Henry,  the  Lees,  Marshall,  and  Clay, 
were  born  in  this  state.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  Vir- 
ginia was  the  theatre  of  almost  continual  military  opera- 
tions, from  which  she  suffered  much.  Since  the  return  of 
peace,  wise  and  moderate  counsels  have  for  the  most  part 
prevailed,  and  there  has  been  a  steady  advance  in  material 
prosperity.  West  Virginia  was  set  off  as  a  separate  state 
in  1863, 

The  Population  in  1790  was  747,610  ;  in  1800,  880,200; 
in  1810,  974,600;  in  1820,  1,065,366;  in  1830,  1,211,405; 
in  1840,  1,239,797  ;  in  1850,  1,421,661 ;  in  1860, 1,596,318  ; 
in  1870  (after  the  separation  of  West  Virginia),  1,225,163; 
in  1880,  1,512,565;  in  1890,  1,655,980. 

Virginia)  a  post-oflBce  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Virginia^  a  city,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  111.,  in  Virginia 
township,"  on  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &.  Mississippi 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville,  13  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Beardstown,  and  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  is 
situated  in  a  farming  region.  It  has  2  national  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  cigars,  wagons,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1602. 

Virginia,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  913. 

Virginia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  16  miles  E. 
of  La  Cygne,  Kansas. 

Virginia,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo.    Pop.  370. 

Virginia,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1014. 

Virginia  City,  a  mining-town,  the  capital  of  Madison 
CO.,  Montana,  is  situated  in  Alder  Gulch,  about  110  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Helena.  Lat.  145°  19'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  111°  56' 
30"  W.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to  be  5713  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  It  is  located  in  the  centre  of  one  of  the 
richest  mining-districts  of  Montana.  "  It  is  estimated," 
says  Prof.  Hayden  in  his  report  for  1871,  "  that  $30,000,000 
of  gold  have  been  taken  out  of  Alder  Gulch  since  its  dis- 
covery in  1863.  .  .  .  The  gangue-material  is  very  similar 
to  that  in  the  gold-lodes  about  Central  City,  Col., — quartz 
and  feldspar  of  various  textures."  Silver,  limestone,  gneiss, 
galena,  and  serpentine  are  found  here.  Alder  Gulch  is 
about  16  miles  long,  and  has  several  tributaries  which  con- 
tain gold.  There  are  in  the  vicinity  of  Virginia  several 
quartz-mines  and  numerous  placer-diggings.  This  town 
has  3  churches,  a  weekly  newspaper  ofiQce,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  court-house  which  cost  $35,000.  Here  are 
hot  springs,  which  are  reputed  to  be  a  valuable  remedy  for 
rheumatism  and  diseases  of  the  skin,  having  properties 
similar  to  the  Hot  Springs  of  Arkansas.    Pop.  in  1890,  675. 

Virginia  City,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  Nevada, 
and  the  capital  of  Storey  co.,  is  situated  among  rocky 
ledges  and  ravines  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Mount  Davidson, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carson  City,  about  200  miles  in  a  direct 
line  N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles  S.  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  6205  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  near  lat.  39°  22'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  35'  W.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Virginia  <fc  Truekee  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  at  Reno.  The  principal 
streets  are  level,  having  been  in  many  places  graded 
through  the  solid  native  rock.  The  business  streets  are 
lined  with  substantial  stone  and  brick  buildings,  some  of 
which  are  5  stories  high.  The  environs  are  adorned  with 
many  beautiful  and  costly  residences.  The  city  is  supplied 
with  good  light,  and  with  spring  water  conveyed  through 
the  streets  in  pipes.  It  contains  a  court-houses,  4  churches, 
2  theatres,  a  branch  of  the  banking-house  of  Wells,  Fargo 
<k  Co.,  several  assay-offices,  and  printing-offices  which  issue 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  This  city  owes  its  pros- 
perity and  importance  to  its  silver-mines,  which  are  per- 
haps the  richest  in  the  United  States,  particularly  the 
famous  Comstock  Ledge  or  Lode,  discovered  in  1859,  and 
the  Big  Bonanza,  or  Consolidated  Virginia,  which  are  sev- 
erally reported  to  have  yielded  at  times  over  $10,000,000 
worth  of  silver  per  annum.  On  the  26th  of  October,  1875, 
a  great  fire  destroyed  several  public  buildings,  hotels, 
churches,  banks,  and  other  business-houses  of  this  city. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7048;  in  1880,  10,917  ;  in  1890,  8511. 

Virginia  Dale,  Colorado,  a  valley  in  Larimer  co., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  or  near 
the  summit  of  the  Laramie  Range.  It  has  long  been  cele- 
brated for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery. 

Virginia  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  about 
100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Denver,  and  near  the  summit  of 
the  Laramie  Range.  It  is  surrounded  by  admirable 
scenery. 

Virginia  Mines,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Maramec  River,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 


Virginia  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  lat.  39°  18'  80" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  18'  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  10,600  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  a  conspicuous  landmark. 

Virginia  Paper-Mills,  a  station  of  the  Baltimor« 
A  Ohio  Railroad  (Valley  Branch),  2  miles  S.  of  Winches- 
ter, Va. 

Virginia  Point,  a  station  in  Galveston  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Galveston  Bay,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Houston  &  Henderson 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Galveston  City. 

Virgin  (vir'jin)  Islands,  a  group  of  about  100  small 
islands  in  the  West  Indies,  between  lat.  18°  5'  and  18°  60' 
N.  and  Ion.  64°  10'  and  65°  40'  W.,  occupying  a  space 
about  100  miles  long  by  20  miles  wide.  Not  above  a  fourth 
are  inhabited  and  cultivated.  The  chief  exports  are  sugar, 
molasses,  rum,  cotton,  salt,  ginger,  turmeric,  tobacco,  pi- 
mento, and  indigo.  Vegetables  and  fruits  are  abundant. 
The  climate  is  subject  to  much  fluctuation,  and  slight  shocks 
of  earthquakes  are  occasionally  felt.  The  islands  are  ex- 
posed to  a  heavy  swell,  and  the  obstacles  opposed  to  the 
tidal  wave  between  them  produce  some  extraordinary  phe- 
nomena, the  waves  sometimes  breaking  against  the  shore 
with  great  violence  without  there  being  any  indication  of 
a  previous  gale.  The  Virgin  Islands  are  shared  by  Great 
Britain,  which  has  about  50,  the  principal  of  which  are 
Tortola,  Anegada,  Virgin  Gorda,  Jost  Van-Dyke,  Guano 
Isle,  Beef  and  Thatch  Islands,  Prickly  Pear,  Camanas, 
Cooper,  Salt,  St.  Peter's,  and  several  smaller  islands;  Den- 
mark, which  has  St.  Thomas,  Santa  Cruz,  and  St.  John, 
with  a  considerable  number  of  islets;  and  Spain,  which 
has  Vieque  or  Crab  Island,  besides  some  islets.  The  group 
was  discovered  by  Columbus  on  his  second  voyage,  in  1494. 
The  British  Virgin  Islands  were  in  1873  attached  to  the 
colony  of  Leeward  Islands.     Pop.  (1891)  4639. 

Virgin  Uiver,  Utah.    See  Kio  Virgen. 

Vir'ginville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  township, 
Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Branch  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Virle,  veeR'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
district  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  1830. 

Viroflay,  veeVo^fli',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  arrondissement  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1282. 

Viroqua,  vi-ro'kwah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  19  miles  £.  of 
Marion.     It  has  several  churches. 

Viroqua,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Viroqua  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is 
32  miles  S.  of  Sparta.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  an  academy  or  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages  and  cigars.  Pop.  in  1890,  1270 ;  of 
the  township,  1680. 

Viroqua  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Viroqua  Branch,  2  miles  S.  of  Sparta. 

Virtemberg,  or  Virtemberga.     See  WUktembers. 

Virton,  veeRHis"',  a  town  of  Belgian  Luxembourg,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2040. 

Virtzerv,  vgcRt-zJRv',  or  Wiirzsee,  ♦iiRt'si,  a  lake 
of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  between  Dorpat  and  Fellin,  is  26 
miles  in  length,  by  8  miles  in  breadth.  It  is  an  expansion 
of  the  Embach,  which  leaves  its  N.E.  extremity. 

Vis,  an  island  of  Dalmatia.     See  LissA. 

Visa,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Viza. 

Visage,  viz'aj,  a  post-office  of  Towns  co.,  Ga,,  40  milea 
N.W.  of  Mount  Airy. 

Visalia,  vi-sa'le-a,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Tulare  co., 
Cal.,  62  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Stockton,  and  6  miles  E.  of 
Goshen  Station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  A  branch 
railroad  connects  it  with  that  station.  It  has  a  court-house, 
5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  a 
United  States  land-office,  2  breweries,  2  public  halls,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2885. 

Visalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Covington.  It  has  a  church  and  3 
stores. 

Visan,  vee^zfiuo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vauoluee.  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Orange.     Pop.  1009. 

Visavili,  the  ancient  name  of  Bissolee. 

Viscardo,  Cape.     See  Cape  Viscardo. 

Viscari,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  Biscari. 

Viscaya,  a  province  of  Spain.     See  Biscay. 

Vische,  vis'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.  It  has  an 
old  castle.     Pop.  2382. 

Vischegrad,  vish^^h-gr&d',  a  village  of  Bosnia,  on  the 
Drin,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bosna  Serai. 


VIS 


2739 


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Vischera,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vishera. 

Visch'er's  Fer'ry,  or  Am'ity,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  1  mile  from  Niskayuna  Station,  and  about  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac. 

Yischnii  Volotchok.    See  Vishnee  Volotchok. 

Yise*  vee^zi'  (Ger.  Weset,  ^i's^t),  a  town  of  Belgium^ 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  2354. 

ViseUy  vee'si-oo,  a  city  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coimbra.  Pop.  5858.  It  is  ill  built 
and  dirty,  but  its  cathedral  contains  some  good  works  of 
art,  and  it  has  a  college,  a  large  hospital,  many  Moorish 
and  Qothic  edifices,  Roman  antiquities,  and  an  annual  fair. 

Vishera,  Vischera,  Vichera,  or  Wischera,  ve- 
ih&'r&  or  vish-i-r4',  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm, 
rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  W.  and  S.,  and,  after 
receiving  some  large  affluents,  joins  the  Kama  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Solikamsk.  Course,  260  miles.  It  is  navigable, 
and  traverses  a  densely-wooded  country. 

Yishnapura,  India.    See  Bissuhpoor. 

Vishnee  (or  Vishnii)  Volotchok,  vish'nee  or  vish'- 
n'yee  vo-lo-chok',  written  also  Vischnii  Volotchok  and 
Wischnei  Wolotschok,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Tver,  on  the  Zna,  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  canal  which  unites  it  with  the  Tvertsa,  and  on 
the  great  route  between  Moscow  and  St.  Petersburg.  Pop. 
17,408.  It  has  a  cathedral,  bazaar,  and  3  annual  fairs.  The 
canal  between  the  Zna  and  Tvertsa,  constructed  under  Peter 
the  Great,  connects  the  navigation  of  the  Baltic  and  Cas- 
pian Seas,  and  is  frequented  by  upwards  of  2000  vessels  an- 
nually, rendering  the  town  a  large  entrepfit. 

Vishnu  Prayaga,  vish'noo  pri-y4'gi,  a  place  of  pil- 
grimage in  India,  at  the  junction  of  two  heads  of  the  Gan- 
ges.    Lat.  30°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  4'  E. 

Visiapour,  India.    See  Bejapoor. 

Visingsd,  vee'sings-d\  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  S. 
of  Lake  Wetter.  It  is  a  narrow  strip  little  more  than  a 
mile  wide,  stretching  about  6  miles  N.  to  S.,  with  the  re- 
mains of  two  old  castles  of  great  historical  interest. 

Visioogan,  or  Visiugan,  ve-se-oo-gin',  a  river  of 
Siberia,  rises  in  the  E.  of  the  government  of  Tobolsk,  lat. 
68°  30'  N.,  flows  E.N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  170 
miles,  joins  the  Obi  about  30  miles  below  Narym. 

Viso,  El,  i\  vee'so,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  40  miles  N.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3166. 

Viso  del  Alcor,  vee'so  dfil  il-koR',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  5249. 

Viso  del  Marques,  vee'so  dfil  maR'kIs,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  3136. 

Viso  de  los  Pedroches,  vee'so  di  loce  pi-nro'chfis, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cordova, 
at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  3166. 

Visoka,  ve-8o'k&,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Bosna 
River,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Bosna  Serai.  Pop.  2000.  Near  it 
are  iron-mines  and  medicinal  springs. 

Viso,  Monte.    See  Monte-Viso. 

Vissegrad,  vish^i^grSd'  (Ger.  Plintenburg,  plin't^n- 
b56RG^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Pesth,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube. 

Vis'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  44 
miles  N.E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vistorio,  vis-to're-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  6166. 

Vistre,  veest'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Qard,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  canal  connecting  Beaucaire 
with  the  Mediterranean,  near  Aigues-Mortes. 

Vistritz,  vis'trits,  or  Vistritza,  vis-trit'sl  (anc.  ^'t- 
gon),  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  Macedonia,  after  a  N.E. 
and  S.E.  course  of  80  miles,  joins  the  Vardar  near  its  mouth 
in  the  Gulf  of  Salonica. 

Vistula,  vis'tu-li  (Ger.  Weichtel,  ^ik's^l ;  Polish,  Wia- 
la,  ^ees'li ;  ano.  Via'tula),  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the 
Carpathian  Mountains,  flows  into  Austrian  Silesia,  partly 
separates  Galicia  from  Poland,  traverses  Poland  and  East 
Prussia,  forming  the  main  channel  of  trade  in  these  coun- 
tries, past  Cracow,  Warsaw,  Plook,  Thorn,  Culm,  Graudenz, 
and  Dantzic,  and  enters  the  Baltic  by  several  mouths,  of 
which  the  most  E.,  called  the  Nogat,  enters  the  Frische-HaflF 
N.W.  of  Elbing.  The  W.  branch  again  divides  into  2 
arms,  one  of  which  enters  the  Baltic  near  Dantzic.  Total 
eourse,  including  windings,  530  miles.  Principal  affluents, 
on  the  right,  the  Wisloka,  San,  Wieprz,  and  Bug ;  on  the 
left,  the  Pilioa  and  Bzura. 

Vis'tula,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Elkhart.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 


Visurgus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Weser. 

Vita,  vee'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  the  source  of  th« 
Birgi,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4438. 

Vita,  an  island  and  town  of  Africa.     See  MoHBAS. 

Vitchegda,  Vytchegda,  Vychegda,  ve-chfig'd4, 
or  Witschegda,  a  river  of  Russia,  traverses  the  centre 
of  the  government  of  Vologda,  chiefly  in  a  W.  direction, 
and  joins  the  Dwina  12  miles  W.  of  Solvitchegodsk.  Total 
course,  380  miles,  mostly  navigable.  Affluents,  the  Yolva, 
Yarenga,  and  Sysola. 

Vitebsk,  or  Witepsk,  ve-tfibsk',  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, mostly  between  lat.  54°  58'  and  67°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  25° 
30'  and  32°  E.,  surrounded  by  the  governments  of  Mohee- 
lev,  Minsk,  Courland,  Livonia,  Pskov,  and  Smolensk.  Area, 
17,439  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  888,727,  mostly  Roman 
Catholics.  Surface  generally  level.  The  soil,  though  inter- 
spersed with  sandy  and  marshy  tracts,  is  pretty  fertile,  and 
more  corn  is  raised  than  is  required  for  home  consumption, 
as  well  as  large  quantities  of  hemp  and  flax,  pease,  beans, 
hops,  and  fruits.  Principal  river,  the  DUna,  which  traverses 
its  S.  part,  and  by  which,  and  the  canals  uniting  it  with  the 
Berezina  and  Lovat,  its  trade  is  greatly  facilitated.  Forests 
and  pasture-lands  are  extensive,  and  in  the  latter  many 
cattle  and  coarse-woolled  sheep  are  reared.  The  manufac- 
tures comprise  those  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  glass,  and 
earthenware.  The  exports  are  mostly  confined  to  agri- 
cultural produce,  timber  and  masts,  hides,  wool,  tallow, 
honey,  and  wax.  Principal  towns,  Vitebsk  (the  capital), 
Velizh,  DUnaburg,  Rezhitza,  and  Polotzk. 

Vitebsk,  or  Witepsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  the  capital 
of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  is  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  Diina,  here  joined  by  the  Viteba,  95  miles  N.  of  Mo- 
heelev.  Pop.  31,182.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  built 
mostly  of  wood,  but  has  numerous  churches,  convents,  and 
synagogues,  an  old  castle,  a  bazaar,  a  college  of  nobles,  a 
medical  direction,  and  several  hospitals,  with  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth  and  leather.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  civil 
governor  and  a  military  governor. 

Viterbo,  ve-t5R'bo,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  at  the  foot 
of  Monte  Cimino,  in  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  42  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Rome.  Pop.  54,676.  It  is  enclosed  by  turreted 
vralls,  chiefly  constructed  by  Desiderius,  the  last  Lombard 
king  of  Italy,  is  generally  well  built  of  volcanic  tufa,  and 
has  many  handsome  residences  and  public  fountains.  Seve- 
ral of  the  churches  are  rich  in  works  of  art,  and  in  one  is  a 
masterpiece  of  Sebastian  del  Piombo.  The  bishop's  palace 
and  city  hall  are  fine  buildings,  and  the  latter,  as  well  as 
the  museum  of  the  academy,  contains  various  Etruscan  an- 
tiquities. Alum,  vitriol,  and  sulphur  abound  in  its  vicinity, 
in  which  are  also  many  medicinal  springs.  This  city  was 
one  of  the  principal  in  the  Etruscan  league,  and  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  Patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  bestowed  in  the 
twelfth  century  upon  the  papal  see. 

Vitim,  vi'tim^  or  ve-teem',  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  rises 
in  the  Vitim  Steppe,  S.E.  of  Lake  Baikal,  government  of 
Irkootsk,  flows  N.E.  and  N.  for  nearly  900  miles,  forming 
the  boundary  between  that  government  and  the  province 
of  Yakootsk,  and  joins  the  Lena  opposite  Vitimsk.  It  has 
several  large  affluents. 

Vitolia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Monastib. 

Vitoria,  ve-to're-1,  or  Vittoria,  vit-to're-A,  a  town 
of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Alava,  29  miles  S.  of 
Bilbao,  on  the  road  from  Madrid  to  Bayonne.  Pop.  18,728. 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  which  contrast  strongly 
with  each  other ;  it  has  a  spacious  market-square,  several 
churches,  a  town  hall,  custom-house,  orphan  asylum,  gene- 
ral hospital,  public  library,  and  museum  of  antiquities.  The 
manufaetures  comprise  brass-  and  iron-ware,  earthenware, 
ebony-wares,  candles,  table-linen,  and  leather,  and  it  is  an 
important  entrep6t  between  the  interior  of  Spain,  Navarre, 
and  Bilbao,  especially  for  crude  and  manufactured  iron, 
chocolate,  confectionery,  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  shoes,  and 
hats.  Vitoria  is  celebrated  in  the  annals  of  the  Peninsular 
war  as  the  scene  of  a  signal  victory  gained  by  the  English 
over  the  French  on  the  21st  of  June,  1813. 

Vitr6,  veeHri',  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  on 
the  Vilaine,  21  miles  E.  of  Rennes.  Pop.  8475  It  has  a 
college,  manufactures  of  tricots,  hats,  hosiery,  and  leather, 
and  a  trade  in  wax,  honey,  and  cantharides.  One  mile  S. 
is  the  Chllteau  des  Rochers,  celebrated  as  the  residence  of 
Madame  de  S6vign6. 

Vitry,  veeHree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
with  a  station  on  the  North  Railway,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Arras.     Pop.  2637. 

Vitry-le-Francois,  veeHree'-l?h-fr6ii»^8wi',  a  forti- 
fied town  of  France,  in  Marne,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Strasburg 
Railway,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ch&lons,  on  the  right  bank  of 


Vlt 


2740 


VOG 


^i 


the  Marne.  Pop.  7580.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  pub- 
lic library,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  hats,  and  leather, 
with  a  brisk  trade  in  grain. 

Vitry-sur-Seine,  veeHree'-sttR-sin,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Paris,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine.     Pop.  3718. 

Vittel,  veetHSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  2.3  miles 
W.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1303. 

Yittoriaj  vit-to're-i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Syr- 
acuse, on  the  Camarino,  14  miles  W.N.AV,  of  Modica.  It 
Has  silk-manufactures.     Pop.  17,821. 

Yittoria^  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Vitoria. 

Vitto'ria,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on 
foung's  Creek,  7  miles  S.  of  Simcoe.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Yittoriosa,  vit-to-re-o'sl,  a  strongly  fortified  suburb 
of  Valetta,  Malta,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  its  great  harbor.  See 
Valetta. 

Yiu,  vee-oo',  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Chiara.     Pop.  6723. 

Yivara,  ve-v&'r4,  an  islet  of  Italy,  between  Prooida  and 
Tschia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Naples. 

Yivarois,  or  Yivarais,  veeVi^ri',  an  old  district  of 
France,  in  Languedoc,  now  comprised  in  the  departments 
of  Ard^che  and  Haute-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Viviers. 

Yivero,  ve-vi'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  45 
miles  N.  of  Lugo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Landrova  in  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.  Pop.  2500.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  hospital,  a  gov- 
ernment factory  of  arms,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  quilt- 
ings,  and  pottery.     The  port  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth. 

Yiverone,  ve-vi-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  S. 
of  Biella,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1524. 

Yivian,  ve've-%n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vivian  township, 
Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mankato.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  644. 

Yiviers,  veeVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  on 
the  Rhone,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  2053. 

Yivis,  the  German  name  of  Vevat. 

Yivonne,  veeVonn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1180. 

Yix,  veex,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vendue,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
ef  Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  2123. 

Yiza,  Yisa,  or  Wisa,  vee'zi  (ano.  Byzia  f),  a  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  74  miles  N.W.  of  Constantinople,  on 
the  route  to  Kirk-Kilisseh.  It  is  enclosed  by  wallsy  and  has 
a  ruined  fortress. 

Yizagapatani)  ve-z&^ga-pa-t&m',  a  maritime  district 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  having  E.  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  and  landward  the  districts  of  Rajahmundry, 
Ganjam,  and  Masulipatam.  Area,  18,344  square  miles. 
Pop.  2,159,199. 

Vizagapatam,  a  city  of  British  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  57  miles  E.  of 
Golconda.  Lat.  17°  42'  N.;  Ion.  83°  24'  E.  It  has  a 
court-house,  barracks,  and  many  good  European  buildings. 
Pop.  32,191. 

Yizcayay  a  province  of  Spain.    See  Biscay. 

Yizella,  ve-zJl'li,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Minho,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Guimaraens,  in  a  picturesque  vale. 
It  is  greatly  frequented  for  its  warm  sulphur  baths,  known 
to  the  Romans,  whose  tessellated  pavements  and  bathing- 
sites  have  been  discovered  here. 

Yiziadroog,  vee^ze-a-droog',  a  seaport  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  and  1 65  miles  S.  of  Bombay,  with  one  of 
the  best  harbors  on  the  Malabar  coast. 

Yiziauagram,  vee^ze-a-na-grim',  a  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Vizagapatam.  Though  large,  it  is  meanly  built.  Prin- 
cipal edifice,  a  stone  fort,  with  the  rajah's  palace.  Pop. 
20,169. 

Yizille,  vee^zeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  on  the 
Romanche,  10  miles  S.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  3539.  It  has  a 
castle,  a  foundry,  a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fou- 
lards and  other  silk  goods. 

Yizzini)  vit-see'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  14,831. 

Ylaanderen.    See  Flanders. 

Ylaardingen,  via,R'ding-?n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  with  a  port  on  the  Meuse,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Rotterdam.  Pop.  8656,  mostly  employed  in  the 
herring-fishery. 

Yladi-Kavkas,  vli'dee-kiv-kis',  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Terek  district,  Ciscaucasia,  the  S.E.  terminas 
of  the  Moscow-Caucasus  Railway,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mos- 
dok.     Pop.  (1883)  32,337. 

Yladimeer,  or  Yladimir,  vli^e-meer',  written  also 
Wladimir,  a  government  of  Russia,  nearly  in  its  centre, 


mostly  between  lat.  55°  and  57°  N.  and  Ion.  37°  40'  and 
43°  20'  E.,  surrounded  by  the  governments  of  Moscow, 
Tver,  Yaroslav,  Kostroma,  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Tambov, 
and  Riazan.  Area,  18,863  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882, 
1,352,140.  Surface  level ;  the  Kliasma  River  intersects  its 
centre,  and  the  Oka  its  S.E.  part.  Soil  not  fertile,  and  the 
grain  produced  is  insuflScient  for  home  consumption.  Prin- 
cipal crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  some  wheat,  hemp,  flax,  millet, 
pease,  apples,  cherries,  hops,  and  cucumbers.  Cattle-rear- 
ing is  of  inferior  importance.  Forests  are  very  extensive; 
in  that  of  Moorom  are  valuable  iron-mines,  and  some  of  the 
most  extensive  iron-works  in  Russia  are  at  Vixa,  on  the 
Oka.  The  sterility  of  the  soil  has  caused  the  inhabitants 
to  direct  attention  greatly  to  manufactures.  Cotton  goods 
are  made  at  Shooya  and  Ivanovo,  woollens  and  linens  are 
next  in  importance,  and  there  are  many  iron-foundries, 
glass-  and  crystal-works,  and  manufactories  of  leather, 
earthenwares,  Ac.  Exports  of  these  products  are  mostly 
sent  down  the  Volga,  or  W.  overland  to  Moscow.  The  prin- 
cipal imports  are  com,  cotton  twist,  and  flax,  from  the  N. 
and  N.E.  Principal  towns,  Vladimeer,  Moorom,  Shooya, 
Pereelavl-Zalieski,  Soozdal,  and  Alexandrov. 

Yladimeer,  Vladimir,  or  Wladimir,  a  town  of 
Russia,  capital  of  the  above  government,  on  the  Kliasma, 
120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Moscow.  Lat.  56°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  40« 
20'  E.  The  road  to  Moscow  is  through  a  succession  of 
populous  villages.  Pop.  16,422,  comprising  many  Jews. 
It  has  a  cathedral  with  five  domes,  an  archbishop's  palace, 
a  court-house,  the  governor's  residence,  a  college  and  other 
schools,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather.  It  was 
capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Russia  from  1157  to  1328. 

Yladimeer,  or  Yladimir  (Pol.  Wlodzimierz,  vlod- 
zee'me-aiRzh*),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  27  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Kovel.  Pop.  5239,  mostly  Jews,  who  trade  in 
silks  and  salt  and  have  4  annual  fairs. 

Yladsloo,  vl&d-sl5',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2170. 

Ylamertinghe,  vli'm^r-ting^a^b,  a  village  of  BeU 
gium,  in  West  Flanders,  29  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Bruges,  on 
the  Kemmelbeke.     Pop.  2684. 

Ylaskim,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Wlaschix. 

Ylesenbeek,  vli'z^n-bik',  a  village  of  Belgium,  proT- 
ince  of  Brabant,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1428. 

Ylie,  or  Het  Ylie,  hfit  vlee,  or  De  Yliestroom, 
d^h  vlees'trom,  the  name  given  to  the  current  that  flows 
from  the  North  Sea  towards  the  Zuyder  Zee,  through  the 
entrance  between  the  islands  of  Vlieland  and  Terschelling. 

Ylieland,  vlee'l&nt,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  ofi"  the  entrance  to  the  Zuyder  Zee,  between 
the  islands  of  Texel  and  Terschelling.  Length,  10  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  1^  miles. 

Yliermael,  vleeR'm&l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  7  miles  N.  of  Tongres.     Pop.  1752. 

Ylierzele,  vlecR'ziM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1771. 

Ylissingen,  Netherlands.    See  Flushing. 

Ylotho,  flo'to,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  3074.  It  is  en- 
closed  with  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  ohiccory,  colors, 
soap,  tobacco,  and  paper. 

Vlymen,  vli'm^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  8  miles  W.  of  Eois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2838. 

Yoak,  vok,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
W.  of  Bellona  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Yo'ca,  a  post-office  of  McCulloch  co.,  Tex. 

Yftcklabriick,  vok'kl4-brUk\  a  town  of  Upper  Aut 
tria,  circle  of  Hausruck,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Agger 
and  Vockla,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  1292. 

Yode,  vo'di,  or  Yede,  vi'di,  a  river  of  Roumania,  In 
Wallachia,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  the  left, 
about  7  miles  below  Sistova.     Length,  120  miles. 

Yodina,  vo-dee'ni,  or  Yode'na  (anc.  Edes'ta),  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  Roumelia,  46  miles  N.W.  of  Salonica, 
on  the  Vistritza.  Pop.  estimated  at  12,000,  who  weave 
cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Yodla,  Tod'li,  a  lake  and  river  of  Russia,  government 
of  Olonets :  the  lake,  22  miles  E.  of  Lake  Onega,  30  miles 
in  length  by  12  miles  in  breadth,  discharges  its  surplus 
waters  by  the  river,  which  enters  Lake  Onega  on  its  B 
side,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Yoel,  liOch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Voel. 

Yo'gansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Yogelberg,  vog'^l-berg  (Ger.  pron.  fo'gh§l-bfiRG^),_« 
mountain-range  of  Hesse  and  Prussia,  between  the  Main 
and  the  Weser.     Highest  point,  2430  feet. 

Yo'gel  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Missaukee  co.,  Miolut 


voa 


2741 


VOL 


on  Clam  River,  21  miles  E.  of  Cadillao.     It  has  a  ohurch 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Yogesus  Itfons,  or  Vogesen.    See  Vosoes. 

Voghera,  vo-gi'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia, 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Staffora.  Lat.  44° 
59'  N. ;  Ion.  83"  24'  E.  Pop.  10,813.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics. 

Vo'gler's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  7i  miles  from  Port  Medway. 
Pop.  250. 

Vogogna,  vo-g6n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorinoe  of  No- 
vara,  on  the  Tosa,  8  miles  S.  of  Domo  d'Ossola.     Pop.  1620. 

Yohburg,  vo'bSSRC,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  9  miles 
E.  of  Ingolstadt,  on  the  Danube.  Pop.  1509.  On  a  rook 
in  the  vicinity  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Vohburg. 

Vohemar,  Vohemare,vo^h4-mar',  or  Yohemaro, 
vo-hi-mi'ro,  a  river  and  bay  of  Madagascar. 

Vohringen,  vo'ring-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  Black 
Forest,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Sulz.     Pop.  1327. 

Voigtland,  foigt'lint,  an  old  subdivision  of  the  king- 
dom of  Saxony,  now  comprised  in  the  circle  of  Zwickau. 

Voiron,  vwiV6iJ»',  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  7909.  It  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  hempen  cloth  (called  toilet  de  Voiron),  iron 
and  steel  goods,  paper,  silk  stuffs,  edge-tools,  &o. 

Yoitsberg,  voits'bfiRO,  a  town  of  Styria,  13  miles  W. 
of  Gratz.  It  has  coal-mines  and  metallio-works.  Pop. 
2045. 

Yoj,  or  Yoje,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Vozh. 

Yokhan,  vo^Kin',  or  Wachan,  wi^Kin',  a  town  of 
Central  Asia,  in  the  Bolor-Tagh,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Budukhshan  River.     Lat.  38°  20'  N.;  Ion.  70°  34'  B. 

Yolano,  vo-li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ferrara, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Comacohio,  on  the  Po  di  Volano,  at  its 
mouth  in  the  Adriatic. 

Yo'lant,  a  post-oflBce  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on  Neshan- 
nock  Creek  and  the  New  Castle  <&  Franklin  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle. 

Yolaterrse,  the  ancient  name  of  Yoltebra. 

Yolcan  de  Agua,  vol-kin'  di  S,'gwi  (t.e.,  "water-vol- 
cano"), a  remarkable  volcano  of  Guatemala,  from  25  to  30 
miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.  Old  Guatemala  (Gua- 
temala la  Vieja)  in  1541  was  destroyed,  it  is  said,  by  the 
irruption  of  enormous  masses  of  water  from  this  volcano, 
whence  its  name. 

Yolcan  de  Fuego,  vol-kin'  dk  fwi'go  (or  foo-i'go) 
{i.e.,  "  fire-volcano"),  a  mountain  of  Guatemala,  20  miles 
W.  of  the  Volcan  de  Agua  ("water- volcano").  Violent 
eruptions  frequently  take  place,  and  smoke  is  commonly 
seen  issuing  from  one  of  its  peaks. 

Volca'no,  an  island  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Papua,  lat.  5°  3'  S.,  Ion.  145°  30'  E.  It  has 
the  form  of  a  truncated  cone,  about  2500  feet  high,  with  a 
diameter  of  3700  feet  at  the  base,  and  looks  as  if  it  had 
risen  directly  from  the  depths  of  the  ocean.  When  dis- 
covered, in  1700,  it  was  in  a  state  of  activity,  venting  fire 
and  smoke,  but  in  1827  it  was  extinct,  and  clothed  with  an 
agreeable  verdure  on  the  E.  face. 

Volcano,  an  island  of  Italy.    See  Vulcano. 

Volcano,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
The  central  one.  Sulphur  Island,  lat.  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  141° 
13'  E.,  is  about  5  miles  long,  and  is  evidently  volcanic. 

Volcano,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  S.E.  of 
Japan.     Lat.  34°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  139°  35'  E. 

Volcano,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of 
the  Japan  Islands.     Lat.  30°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  130°  17'  E. 

Volcano,  Bay  of  Bengal.    See  Barren  Island. 

Volca'no,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  on  Sutter 
Creek,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
banking-house.  Here  are  gold-mines.  Pop.  of  Volcano 
township,  1357. 

Volcano,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Laurel  Fork  <fc  Sand  Hill  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Parkersburg,  and  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marietta,  0.  It  has 
a  money-order  post-office. 

Volcano  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Tinacoro. 

Volca'noville,  a  mining-camp  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River,  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Auburn.     It  has  2  stores.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Volga,  or  Wolga,  vol'gi  (ano.  JRha),  a  river  of  the 
Russian  Empire,  and  the  largest  in  Europe,  rises  in  Lake 
Seligher,  on  the  plateau  of  Valdai,  government  of  Tver,  in 
lat.  57°  N.,  Ion.  33°  10'  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  550  feet  above 
the  sea,  and  flows  E.N.E.,  E.S.E.,  S.S. W.,  and  S.E.,  past  Kiev, 
Tver,  Taroslav,  Kostroma,  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Kazan,  Sim- 
beersk,  Saratov,  and  Astrakhan,  near  which  it  enters  the 
Caspian  Sea  by  60  or  70  mouths,  83  feet  below  the  level  of 


the  ocean.  The  extent  of  its  basin  is  estimated  at  400,000 
square  miles,  and,  including  windings,  its  course  is  2500 
miles,  during  which  its  entire  fall  is  only  633  feet.  The 
principal  affluents  on  the  right  are  the  Oka  and  the  Soora ; 
on  the  left,  the  Tvertsa,  Mologa,  Sheksna,  and  Kama.  Its 
affluents,  which  are  connected  by  several  canals  with  the 
Neva,  establish  a  communication  between  the  Caspian  and 
the  Baltic,  White,  and  Black  Seas.  It  contains  an  abun- 
dance of  fish ;  and  salmon,  sturgeon,  i,a.,  are  extensively 
exported.  The  Volga  forms  the  principal  channel  of  com- 
merce in  Russia.  It  is  navigable  by  barges  of  1200  tons, 
but  its  navigation  is  interrupted  by  sand-banks  and  the 
changes  of  its  channel,  and  it  is  frozen  over  170  days  in  the 
year.     It  is  a  very  important  channel  of  steam  navigation. 

Volga,  vol'g4,  a  post-office  of  JeS'erson  co.,  Ind.,  8  or 
9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Volga,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  is  intersected 
by  the  Turkey  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Volga  River, 
which  here  enters  the  former,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Dubuque.     Pop.  1214. 

Volga  City,  a  post- village  in  Sperry  township,  Clay- 
ton CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Volga  River,  and  on  the  Iowa  Pacific 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  El  Kader,  and  65  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  400. 

Volga  River,  a  small  stream  of  Iowa,  rises  in  Fayette 
CO.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Turkey  River  in 
Clayton  co.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  El  Kader. 

Volgsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Volsk. 

Volhynia,  or  Wolhynia,vol-hin'e-§,  (Polish,  TToZyna*, 
♦o-leensk'),  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  49°  25' 
and  52°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  23°  30'  and  29°  12'  E.,  having  S.E. 
Galicia,  W.  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  and  on  other  sides  the 
governments  of  Grodno,  Minsk,  Kiev,  and  Podolia.  Area, 
27,736  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  2,062,270,  mostly  of  the 
Greek  United  Church.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  flat, 
in  the  N.  marshy.  The  Bug  forms  the  W.  boundary.  The 
other  principal  rivers  are  the  Styr  and  Gorin.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  this  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  agricultural 

Erovinces  of  Russia :  a  considerable  surplus  of  grain  over 
ome  consumption  is  usually  produced,  besides  large  quan- 
tities of  hemp  and  flax.  The  pastures  are  good,  live-stock 
numerous,  and  forests  extensive.  The  fishing  is  of  some 
importance.  The  mineral  products  comprise  bog  iron,  mill- 
stones, potter's  clay,  nitre,  and  flint.  Leather,  glass,  earth- 
enwares, paper,  potash,  tar,  and  charcoal  are  made  in  many 
places.  The  principal  exports  are  grain,  cattle,  and  hides. 
The  chief  towns  are  Zhitomeer  (the  capital),  Kremenets, 
Rowno,  Constantinov,  Dubno,  and  Ovrootch,  which  last  ia 
the  seat  of  a  laiige  annual  fair. 

Volinia,  vo-lin'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Volinia  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cassopolis.  Pop.  100 
Volinia  Station,  89  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing,  is  on  the  Chicago 
it  Lake  Huron  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1445. 

Volkach,  fol'k&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  on  the  Main,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     P.  1943. 

Volkerak,  vol'k^h-rik^  or  Volkrak,  vol'krik,  Neth- 
erlands, the  stream  coming  out  of  Hollands-Diep,  between 
the  islands  of  Overflakke  and  Schouwen,  and  separating  the 
province  of  South  Holland  from  Zealand. 

Volkermarkt,  fol'kfr-maRkt^  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Klagenfurth,  on  the  Drave. 
It  has  large  cattle-markets.     Pop.  1638. 

Volkhov,  or  Wolkhow,  voI-kov',  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Novgorod  and  St.  Petersburg,  issues  from 
Lake  Ilmen,  on  its  N.  side,  near  Novgorod,  which  town  it 
intersects,  flows  in  a  very  direct  course  N.N.E.  for  130 
miles,  and  enters  Lake  Ladoga  at  Ladoga,  on  its  S.  side. 
It  is  deep  and  navigable,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded  by 
its  rapidity  and  by  falls. 

Volkmarsen,  foIk'maR^s^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2316.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths  and  of  leather,  and  4 
annual  fairs. 

Volkovisk,  or  Wolkowisk,  vol-ko-visk',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grodno,  on  a 
small  affluent  of  the  Niemen.     Pop.  5595. 

Vollenhove,  vol'l^n-hoV^h,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Zwolle.     Pop.  1543. 

Vollezeele,  vol'l^h-ziM^b,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabant,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1775. 

Volmar,  or  Wolmar,  voI-raaR',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Livonia,  on  the  Aa,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Riga.  Pop.  2051, 
mostly  of  German  descent.  It  has  a  church.  In  1622  it 
was  taken  by  Gustavus  Adolphus. 

Vol'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  oo.,  Iowa,  on  Yel- 


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2742 


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low  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.     It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Volney,  or  Volney  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vol- 
ney  township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Fulton  Sta- 
tion, and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Oswego  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Fulton,  with  2  banks,  and  manu- 
factures of  paper,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  &e.     P.  6588. 

Volo,  vo'lo,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  ThessaJy  (Greece),  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo.  Lat.  39°  24'  N.;  Ion.  22° 
66'  30"  E.     Pop.  7500.     See  also  Gulf  op  Volo. 

Yo'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  about  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Waukegan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Volo,  a  post-oflBce  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Vologda,  or  Wologda,  vo-log'di,  a  vast  government 
of  European  Russia,  and  its  largest  next  to  Archangel,  im- 
mediately S.  of  which  it  lies,  mostly  between  lat.  58°  and 
64°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  60°  E.,  having  W.  the  govern- 
ments of  Olonets  and  Novgorod,  S.  Yaroslav,  Kostroma, 
Viatka,  and  Perm,  and  E.  the  Ural  Mountains,  separating 
it  from  Siberia.  Area,  155,492  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882, 
1,161,551.  Except  in  the  E.,  where  it  is  covered  by  rami- 
fications of  the  Ural  Mountains,  the  surface  is  an  undu- 
lating plain,  watered  by  the  Dwina  and  its  afBuents  the 
Sookhona,  Ac,  by  which  it  is  almost  wholly  drained,  and 
the  Upper  Petchora.  Lakes  numerous ;  the  principal  is 
that  of  Koobinsk,  in  the  W.  In  the  S.  and  S.W.  some  of 
the  soil  is  fertile ;  elsewhere  it  is  mostly  sandy,  marshy,  or 
covered  with  pine,  oak,  and  beech  woods.  Climate  very 
severe;  rye  and  barley  are  the  only  grains  raised,  and 
scarcely  in  sufficient  quantity  for  home  consumption.  Other 
crops  are  hemp,  flax,  hops,  and  pulses.  Horses  and  cattle 
are  numerous ;  bears,  wolves,  and  great  quantities  of  game 
afford  an  abundance  of  objects  of  chase.  Copper,  iron, 
marble,  granite,  salt,  and  flint  are  the  chief  mineral  prod- 
ucts. The  government  has  from  150  to  200  factories  of 
woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  soap,  leather,  candles,  glass, 
paper,  rope,  Ac,  with  iron-foundries,  brick-kilns,  distilleries, 
and  salt-works ;  and  it  sends  furs,  tallow,  pitch,  wooden- 
wares,  timber,  masts,  turpentine,  and  other  raw  prod- 
ucts into  the  governments  of  Archangel  and  Tobolsk.  Pop- 
ulation mostly  Russians,  with  some  Finns;  and  in  the 
N.  wandering  Samoied  tribes.  Vologda  is  divided  into  10 
districts.  Chief  towns,  Vologda  (the  capital),  Totma,  Kad- 
nikov,  Solvitchegodsk,  and  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Vologda,  or  Wologda,  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of 
a  government,  near  its  W.  extremity,  on  the  Vologda,  an 
affluent  of  the  Sookhona,  110  miles  N.  of  Yaroslav.  Lat. 
59°  13'  N.J  Ion.  40°  10'  E.  Pop.  17,223.  It  is  chiefly 
built  of  stone,  has  2  cathedrals,  and  is  the  residence  of  the 
archbishop  and  governor.  It  has  manufactures  of  oundles, 
woollens,  soap,  potash,  cordage,  bells,  ropes,  leather,  and 
spirits.  Its  trade  is  large,  and  facilitated  by  the  Dwina, 
which  connects  it  with  the  White  Sea;  it  has  also  an  active 
trade  overland  with  Siberia,  and  a  large  annual  fair  in 
January  and  February. 

Volokolamsk,  or  Wolokolamsk,  vo-lo-ko-l4msk', 
a  town  of  Russia,  64  miles  W.N.W.  of  Moscow,  on  the 
Lama,  at  the  influx  of  the  Gorodenka.     Pop.  2851. 

Volotchok,  Russia.     See  Vishnee  Volotchok. 

Volpiano,  vol-pe-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3889. 

Volsinium,  an  ancient  name  of  Bolsbna. 

Volsk,  or  Wolsk,  volsk,  written  also  Wolgsk  and 
Volgsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  N.E. 
of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga.  Pop.  31,269.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  and  a  large  trade  by  vessels  on  the  Volga. 

Volta,  vol'ti,  Aswada,  is-wi'di,  or  Adirri,  i-deen'- 
Ree,  a  river  of  Guinea,  rises  in  the  Kong  Mountains,  flows 
S.E.  and  S.  through  the  E.  part  of  the  Ashantee  territory, 
and  enters  the  ocean  at  Adda,  in  lat.  5°  45'  N.,  Ion.  0°  40' 
E.,  after  a  course  estimated  at  360  miles. 

Voltas,  vol'tis,  a  cape  of  South  Africa,  at  the  S.  en- 
trance of  the  Orange  River  into  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  28°  44' 
S. ;  Ion.  16°  32'  E. 

Voltchansk,  Voltschansk,  or  Woltschansk,  vol- 
ch3,nsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  42  miles  N.E. 
of  Kharkov,  on  the  Voltcha.     Pop.  9365. 

Volterra,vol-tjR'Ri  (anc.  Volater'rm),a.  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  32  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.  Pop.  6324.  It  stands 
on  a  lofty  rock  of  tertiary  sandstone,  is  enclosed  by  walls 
of  curious  Etruscan  architecture,  and  has  2  ancient  gates. 
Principal  buildings,  a  citadel,  divided  into  an  old  and  a  new 
portion,  the  former  of  which  is  now  converted  into  a  crim- 
inal house  of  industry  ;  a  cathedral  and  several  churches 
with  fine  paintings ;  a  Piarist  college,  classical  seminary, 


hospital,  orphan  asylum,  and  some  handsome  private  paU 
aces.  The  chief  interest  of  the  town,  however,  is  in  its 
Etruscan  antiquities,  its  curious  necropolis,  warm  baths, 
amphitheatre,  and  Etruscan  museum  in  the  town  hall. 
It  has  manufactures  of  alabaster,  and  there  are  copper- 
mines  at  Monte-Catini  in  the  vicinity. 

Voltorino,  vol-to-ree'no,  or  Yoltnrino,  vol-too-ree'- 
no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia.     Pop.  2928. 

Voltoya,  vol-to'yi,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Old  Castile,  flows  N.W.,  then  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Eresma  15  miles  below  Segovia.     Length,  60  miles. 

Voltri,  vol'tree,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  9  miles  W.  of 
Genoa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Pop.  5943.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  paper. 

Volturara,  vol-too-r4'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  25  miles  W.  of  Foggia,  in  the  Apennines.     Pop.  2302. 

Voltnrno,  vol-tooR'no  (anc.  Vultur'ntu),  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  in  the  province  of  Campobasso,  flows  mostly 
S.E.,  separating  that  province  from  Caserta,  to  its  junction 
with  the  Calore,  and  afterwards  W.,  past  Capua,  and  enters 
the  Mediterranean  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gaeta.  Course,  90 
miles.  By  its  chief  affluent,  the  Calore,  it  drains  almost  all 
the  province  of  Avellino. 

VoI'untOAVn,  a  post-village  in  Voluntown  township, 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  7  miles  E.  of  Jewett  City,  and  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  churches,  2  cotton- 
factories,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1052. 

Volusia,  vo-lu'se-a  or  vo-lu'she-a,  a  county  in  the  B. 
part  of  Florida,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  has  an 
area  of  about  1288  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  St.  John's  River,  and  is  partly  occupied  by 
lagoons  and  swamps.  Cattle,  cotton,  and  su>;ar-cane  are 
the  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Jacksonville, 
Tampa  <k  Key  West  Railwav.  Capital,  Enterprise.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1723;  in  1880,  3294;  in  1890,  8467. 

Volnsia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  St. 
John's  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Palatka. 

Volusia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Westfield,  and  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Jamestown. 

Volvera,  vol-vi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
district  of  Pinerolo,  near  None.     Pop.  2373. 

Volvic,  volVeek',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me, 
4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Riom.  Pop.  2265.  It  has  extensiv* 
quarries  of  lava,  of  which  the  town  is  built,  and  which  is 
sent  in  large  quantities  to  Paris  for  flagging. 

Vomano,  vo-mi'no  (anc.  Vovia'nua),  a  river  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  after  an  E.  course  of  60 
miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  Sea  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pescara. 

Vomo,  vo'mo,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  17°  29'  S. ;  Ion.  177°  13'  E.  It  is  2 
miles  in  circuit. 

Von,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Vonitza,  or  Vonizza,  vo-nit'si,  a  town  of  Greece, 
government  of  Acarnania,  on  the  Bay  of  Vonitza,  an  inlet 
of  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Prevesa.     Pop.  2500. 

Voorburg,  voR'biiRG,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  Hague.     Pop.  2307. 

Voorde,  voR'd§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1069. 

Voor'hees,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  New  Brunswick  and  Millstone,  4  miles  W.S.W. 
of  New  Brunswick. 

Voor'heesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
near  New  Scotland  Station  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Albany.     It  has  15  dwellings. 

Voorheesvilie,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.    See  Glen. 

Voorhies,  voor'hees,  a  post-office  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fe  Paducah  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Bement,  and 
20  miles  E.  of  Decatur. 

Voormezeele,  voR'm§h-ziM§h,  a  village  of  West 
Flanders,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1057. 

Voorn,  voRn,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  between 
the  Mouse  and  Haringvliet,  in  the  North  Sea.  Length,  13 
miles ;  breadth,  6  miles.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Helroet- 
sluis  and  Briel. 

Voorschoten,  vSr'skoH^u,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  railway  between  Leyden 
and  the  Hague,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  2166. 

Vootchang,  Vontchang,  or  Vouchang,  voo^- 
ching',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  Yang  - 
tse-Kiang,  at  the  influx  of  the  Han-Yang. 

Voo-Tching,  or  Von-Tching,  voo^ching',  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See. 

Voo-Ting,  or  Vou-Ting,  vooHing',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan. 

Vorarlberg,  fSr^aBl'biRG,  the  most  western  district  of 


VOR 


2743 


vou 


the  Austrian  Empire,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Tyrol,  in 
which  it  is  ofiBcially  included,  though  its  government  is 
distinct.  (See  Tyrol.)  Area,  1005  square  miles.  Capital, 
Bregenz.  Pop.  102,264,  mostly  German-speaking  Catholics. 

Vorchheim,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Forchheim. 

Vordate,  voR-di'ti,  the  northernmost  island  of  the 
Timor  Laut  group,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago. 

Vorderuberg,  voR'd§rn-b6RG\  a  town  of  Styria,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Briick,  with  iron-mines.     Pop.  2468. 

Vordingborg)  or  Wordingborg,  voR'ding-boRo\  a 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Seeland, 
opposite  Falster.     It  has  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  1780. 

Voreppe,  voVSpp',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ishre,  9  miles 
N.AV.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1445 ;  of  commune,  2954. 

Vorey,  voi^rk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Loire,  10 
miles  N.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  780. 

Voria,  or  Woria,  vo're-i,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  near 
Gzhatsk,  government  of  Smolensk,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Oogra.     Total  course,  60  miles. 

Vorms,  or  Worms,  voRms,  an  island  in  the  Baltic, 
belonging  to  Russia,  government  of  Revel,  between  the 
island  of  Dagoe  and  the  mainland.  Length,  10  miles; 
breadth,  5  miles.     Population  of  Swedish  descent. 

Vorona,  or  Worona,  vo-ro'nS,,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernments of  Penza,  Tambov,  and  Voronezh,  flows  S.W.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  220  miles,  joins  the  Khoper  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Novo-Khopersk. 

Voronezh,  or  Voronej,  vo-ro-n8zh',  written  also 
Voroniej,  Voroneje,  Voronetz,  Woronetz,  and 
Woronesch,  a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  between 
lat.  48°  40'  and  53°  N.  and  Ion.  37°  40'  and  43°  E.,  sur- 
rounded by  the  governments  of  Tambov,  Orel,  Koorsk, 
Kharkov,  Yekaterinoslav,  Saratov,  and  the  Don-Cossack 
country.  Area,  25,438  square  miles.  Pop.  2,152,696.  Sur- 
face level  or  undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Don  and 
its  affluents,  which  drain  nearly  the  whole ;  the  Oskol,  in 
the  W.,  and  the  Donets,  which  forms  the  S.  boundary.  Soil 
fertile.  Climate  comparatively  mild,  and  most  of  the  prod- 
ucts of  temperate  countries  are  raised.  The  vine  is  culti- 
vated in  some  parts.  Honey,  iron,  limestone,  and  nitre 
are  important  products.  Cattle  and  horses  are  numerous. 
Manufactures,  of  coarse  woollens,  soap,  Ac,  have  increased 
very  rapidly.  Principal  exports,  corn,  cattle,  skins,  honey, 
wax,  fruits,  and  iron-wares.  Principal  towns,  Voronezh 
(the  capital),  Ostrogoisk,  Pavlovsk,  Bogoochar,  Korotayak, 
and  Novo-Khopersk. 

Voronezh,  or  Voronej,  written  also  Voroniej, 
Voroneje,  Voronetz,  Woronetz,  and  Woronesch, 
a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  government,  situated 
on  the  Vorona,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Don,  130  miles 
E.  of  Koorsk.  Lat.  51°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  39°  22'  E.  Pop.  56,180. 
It  stands  on  a  steep  height  and  is  naturally  strong.  It  con- 
sists of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  and  suburbs.  The  latter 
are  black  and  gloomy;  but  the  town  has  many  spacious 
thoroughfares,  and  its  principal  street  is  lined  by  noble  edi- 
fices, including  the  governor's  and  vice-governor's  resi- 
dences, the  tribunals,  post-office,  commissariat,  academy,  <&c. 
In  Moscow  street  are  the  cathedral  and  bishop's  palace, 
and  there  are  20  churches,  several  convents,  a  bazaar,  many 
good  shops,  numerous  superior  schools,  a  hospital,  a  military 
orphan  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  tallow,  leather, 
and  vitriol.  Peter  the  Great  here  founded  a  palace  and 
large  dock-yards  and  arsenals,  and  here  was  built  the  first 
vessel  of  his  fleet  for  the  Sea  of  Azof ;  but  the  naval  estab- 
lishments have  been  removed.  Voronezh  has  become  one 
of  the  chief  commercial  towns  in  Russia.  It  exports  iron, 
corn,  flour,  oil,  wine,  rope,  sail-cloth,  woollens,  lime,  <fcc., 
and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  with  the  Black  Sea,  the 
Crimea,  and  Turkey,  and  some  of  its  merchants  travel  an- 
nually to  Tobolsk  for  furs. 

Vttrdspatak,  v8'rosh^p8hH8k',  a  village  of  Transyl- 
vania, on  both  sides  of  the  Voros,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Karls- 
burg.  It  consists  of  about  600  well-built  houses,  and  is 
famous  for  its  gold-mines,  which  have  been  wrought  from 
very  early  times  and  are  still  valuable. 

Vorselaer,  voB's^h-l&R^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ant- 
weri),  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Turnhout.   .  Pop.  1901, 

Vorskla,  voRsk'li,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of 
Kharkov  and  Poltava,  flows  S.W.  past  Poltava  and  Koby- 
liaki,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Yekaterinoslav. 

Vorsty  voRst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  E.  of 
Antwerp.    Pop.  2069> 

Vorst,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  FoRfir. 

Vorst,  foBst,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Dusseldorf,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kempen.     Pop.  4700. 

Vosbnrg,  voz'bilrg,  a  pont-offioe  of  Pratt  oo.,  Kansas. 


Vosburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York 
Railroad,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Tunkhannock.     It  has  a  church. 

Vosch,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  VozB. 

Vosges,  vozh  (anc.  Vogeaut  Mon$;  Qer.  Voge$en,  fo'- 
gh§h-z?n,  or  Watgaugebirge,  it&s-govr-g^-bSSfi'g^),  a  chain 
of  mountains  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  the  S.E.  of*  Belgium, 
and  the  W.  of  Germany.  It  commences  on  the  limits  of 
Alsace  and  the  departments  of  Haute-Safine  and  Doubs, 
and  terminates  in  Germany  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine, 
near  Mentz.  It  is  connected  on  the  S.W.  with  the  moun- 
tains of  the  C8te-d'0r,  which  are  prolonged  to  the  C^vennes, 
on  the  S.  with  the  Jura  Mountains,  and  in  the  N.W.  with 
the  Ardennes.  The  mountains  often  assume  a  rounded 
form,  and  are  hence  called  hallont ;  the  culminating  points 
are  the  Ballon  d'Alsace,  4688  feet,  and  the  Ballon  de  Gueb- 
willer,  4690  feet  in  elevation.  Their  summits  are  covered 
with  vast  forests,  and  they  contain  silver,  copper,  lead,  and 
coal ;  but  the  most  valuable  mineral  product  is  rock  salt. 
The  Vosges  give  rise  to  the  rivers  Saflne,  Moselle,  Mense, 
Marne,  and  Aube. 

Vosges,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed 
of  the  S.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Lorraine.  Area,  2230 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  410,196.  Surface  generally 
mountainous,  having  the  Vosges  in  the  E.  and  the  Faucilla 
Mountains  in  the  S.  Chief  rivers,  the  Meurthe,  Mortagne, 
Moselle,  Madon,  and  Meuse.  One-third  of  the  surface  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  plain  in  the  W.  and  N.W.  is  fer- 
tile in  wheat,  maize,  hemp,  and  excellent  flax ;  cherries  are 
extensively  grown  for  the  manufacture  of  hirtchenvBoater. 
Many  cattle  are  reared,  and  butter  and  cheese  are  impor- 
tant products.  The  department  is  rich  in  mines  of  iron, 
copper,  silver,  and  marble.  It  has  numerous  mineral 
springs,  the  chief  of  which  are  those  of  Plombi^res  and 
Bains.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Epinal, 
Mirecourt,  Neufcha,teau,  Remiremont,  and  Saint-Di^.  Cap- 
ital, Epinal. 

Voskresensk,  or  Woskresensk,  vos-kri-s5nsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mos- 
cow. Pop.  5959.  Here  is  a  famous  monastery,  termed  the 
New  Jerusalem. 

Vosnesensk,  orWosnesensk,  vos-ni-s5nsk',  a  large 
town,  the  chief  of  the  military  colonies  of  South  Russia, 
government  of  Kherson,  on  the  Bug,  85  miles  N.W.  of 
Kherson.     Pop.  9458. 

Vostani,  vos-ti'nee,  or  Wnstanee,  wiis-ti'nee,  some- 
times called  Middle  Egypt,  a  region  of  Egypt,  generally 
understood  to  extend  from  the  neighborhood  of  Cairo  south- 
ward to  near  27°  30'  N.  lat. 

Vostizza,  vos-tit'si  (anc.  JE'gium'),  a  town  of  Greece, 
Morea,  government  of  Achaia,  on  the  Corinthian  Gulf,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Patras.  Pop.  3936.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
and  an  active  commerce  in  currants  and  pine  timber. 

Vostochnii  Nos,  vos-toK'nee  nos,  one  of  the  Russian 
names  of  East  Cape. 

Votka,  or  Wotka,  vot'k&,  a  town  and  important  manu- 
facturing district  of  Russia,  government  of  Viatka,  on  the 
Izh  (Ij),  12  miles  from  its  influx  into  the  Kama.  Pop.  6000. 
Here  are  extensive  imperial  iron-works,  anchor-forges,  and 
musket-factories,  also  an  arsenal  and  a  hospital. 

Vottem,  vot't^m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  2  miles  N.  of 
Liege,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Meuse.     Pop.  1897. 

Vouchang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Vootchanq. 

Vouching,  a  town  of  China.    See  Voo-Tching. 

Vouga,  v8'gi,  a  river  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
enters  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  5  miles  N.  of  Aveiro,  after  a 
W.S.W.  course  of  60  miles. 

Vouill6,  voo^yi'  or  vooPyi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1766. 

Voulima,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Wooliva. 

Voulte,  La,  1&  voolt  (anc.  Vol'ta  f),  a  town  of  France, 
Arddohe,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Privas,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Rhone.     Pop.  3285.     It  has  iron-mines  and  furnaces. 

Vouneuil-8nr>  Vienne,  voo^nnl'-sUn  v4-enn',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Vienne,  8  miles  S.  of  Ch&telleraalt. 

Voutchang,  China.    See  Vootchanq. 

Voutching,  China.    See  Voo-Tching. 

Voutezac,  vooH^h-z&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gorrdze, 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brivee.    Pop.  416. 

Vou-Ting,  a  town  of  China.    See  Voo-Tino. 

Vouvray,  vooVri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Loire,  and  on  the  railway  to  Orleans,  7  miles 
E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1394. 

Vonziers,  voo^se-&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on 
the  Aisne,  25  miles  S.  of  M6iidres.     Pop.  3425. 

Vouzon,  voo^z6n«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir  et-Che^ 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Romorantin.    Pop.  1460. 


Mhlt^S. 


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2744 


WAB 


Vow'els,  a  station  in  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rook  Island  &.  Pacific  Railroad,  5^  miles  S.W.  of  Newton. 

Voyavad,  Asia  Minor.    See  Boi-Abad. 

Voyls,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Voyussa,  vo-yoos'si  (anc.  Ao'vs),  a  river  of  European 
Turkey,  Albania,  rises  near  Mezzovo,  and,  after  a  W.  oours« 
of  130  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  Sea  14  miles  N.  of  Avlona. 
Its  affluents  are  the  Deropuli  and  Desritza. 

Yozh,  or  Voj,  vozh,  written  also  Vosch  and  Voje,  a 
lake  of  Russia,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  government 
of  Novgorod,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Bielo-Ozero.  Length, 
25  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  receives  the  river  Vozhda, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  northward  by  the  Svid 
into  Lake  Latcha. 

YracenC)  vri'si^n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  25  miles  N.E,  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3949. 

Yrachori}  vri-ko'ree,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  iBtolia,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Lepanto.  Five  miles  S.E.  is  Lake  Vrachori, 
the  ancient  Triehonis,  6  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  by 

4  miles  in  breadth. 

Yraita,  vri'ti,  or  Yaraita,  vi-ri'ti,  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  on  the  E.  slope  of  the  Maritime  Alps,  and  joins  the 
Po  about  3  miles  above  the  confluence  of  the  Maira. 

Yrana^  vr&'n&,  a  village  and  ruined  fortress  of  Dalma- 
tia,  circle  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Zara,  on  the  Lake  of  Vrana, 
which  is  8  miles  in  length  and  nearly  the  same  in  breadth. 

Yrana^  a  village  and  convent  of  Greece,  in  Attica,  on 
the  plain  of  Marathon,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Athens. 

Yrana,  a  town  of  Servia,  43  miles  E.  of  Pristina.  Pop. 
8250.     Near  it  are  some  iron-mines. 

Yranduk,  or  Yrandouk,  vr&nMook',  a  town  of  Bos- 
nia, on  the  Bosna,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Travnik. 

Vrangel  (Great  and  Little),    See  Wranoel. 

Y  red  en,  vri'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  35 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Munster,  on  the  Berkel,     Pop,  1921. 

Yreeswyk,  or  Yreeswijk,  vrais'wik\  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Leok.    P.  1313. 

Yries,  vrees,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe, 

5  miles  N.  of  Assen.     Pop,  2197. 

Yrieseveen,  vree's§h-vain\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  3217. 

Yriesland,  Netherlands.    See  Frieslamd. 

Yriesland,  vreez'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  oo., 
Mich.,  in  Zealand  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  It  is  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  West  Michigan  Railroad, 

Yrigne-aux-Bois,  vreeu-5-bw&,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Ardennes,  on  the  Vrigne,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Sedan.  Pop. 
2142,  engaged  in  iron-works. 

Yroo'raanton,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
3  miles  from  Sunderland.  It  contains  a  church,  a  chapel, 
and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Yun  de  I'Eau,  vQ  d9  15,  a  station  of  the  Providence, 


Warren  &  Bristol  Railroad,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Narragan- 
sett  Bay,  4  miles  E,  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Yukovar,  voo^ko-van',  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary, 
Slavonia,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Syrmia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Danube,  at  the  influx  of  the  Vuko,  which  divides  it 
into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Eszek.  Pop. 
6590.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  protopapas,  and  has  several 
churches,  a  monastery,  and  a  high  school. 

Ynl'can,  a  post-office  of  Menomin£e  co.,  Mich,,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad, 

Yulcauiae  Insulse.     See  Lipabi  Islands, 

Yulcano,  vool-k&'no,  or  Yolcano,  vol-k&'no  (anc. 
Vulca'nia),  the  most  S.  of  the  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea,  and  12  miles  N.  of  the  coast  of  Sicily,  Lat, 
38°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  55'  15"  E.  It  is  about  7  miles  in 
length  by  3  miles  in  breadth,  mountainous,  and  has  near  its 
centre  a  crater  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  in  circumference 
and  one-fourth  of  a  mile  deep,  which  constantly  emits  vapor 
charged  with  sulphur,  alum,  vitriol,  and  ammonia.  OS  its 
N.  coast  is  the  islet  of  Vulcanbllo,  vool-ki-nSl'Io  ("Little 
Vulcano"),  joined  to  it  by  a  low  rock  formed  of  its  own 
lava,  and  in  which  are  two  small  craters,  one  frequently 
emitting  smoke. 

Ynlsinii)  or  Yolsinii.    See  Bolsena. 

Yul'ton  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ey.,  5 
miles  from  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Yulturnus,  the  ancient  name  of  Volturno. 

Yuna,  voo'ni,  one  of  the  principal  of  the  Feejee  Islands, 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  17°  2'  S,,  Ion.  179°  66'  E.,  26 
miles  long  and  5  miles  broad.     Pop.  7000. 

Yuoxeu,  voo-oi'^n,  a  river  of  Finland,  flows  S.S.W. 
through  numerous  lakes,  including  Lake  Saima,  on  emerg- 
ing from  which  it  forms  the  grand  cataract  of  Imatri; 
after  a  northward  turn  it  enters  Lake  Ladoga  at  Eexholm, 
on  its  W.  side.     Total  course,  estimated,  300  or  350  miles. 

Yupaba^n,  voo-p&-boo-soo',  a  lake  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  near  the  frontiers  of  the  province  of 
Bahia.     It  was  once  celebrated  for  its  gold  and  emeralds. 

Yusitrin,  voo-se-trin',  written  also  Yeltchistera 
and  Welika-Krsna,  a  town  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Servia, 
on  the  Ibar,  35  miles  S.E,  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  2248. 

Yyborg,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  Vibobg. 

Yynckt,  vinkt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
12  miles  W.  of  Ghent.    Pop.  1925. 

Yysert,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Bisbbt. 

Yytchegda,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Vitchegda. 

Yytegra,  or  Wytegra,  ve-tA'grl,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Olonets,  on  the  Yytegra,  12  miles  from  Lake 
Onega,  and  73  miles  S.E.  of  Petrozavodsk.  Pop.  2880.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen  and  candles,  with  ship-building 
docks,  and  is  connected  by  its  river  with  Lakes  Onega  and 
Ladoga.  It  carries  on  a  large  trade  with  St.  Petersburg 
and  Archangel. 


w. 


Waadt,  Switzerland.     See  Vaud. 

Waag,  ■^Ig,  or  Yaag,  a  river  of  West  Hungary,  rises 
in  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  and,  after  a  S.W.  and  S. 
course  of  200  miles,  joins  the  Danube  at  Comorn,  in  con- 
junction with  the  Neutra.     Chief  affluent,  the  Arva. 

Waago,  Faroe  Islands.     See  Faroe  Islands. 

Waal,  or  Wahl,  w8.1  (anc.  Vahalit),  a  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  being  one  of  the  principal  arms  of  the  Rhine. 
See  Rhine. 

Waalhem,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Waelhem. 

Waalwyk,  w&l'wik,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  lo"  miles  W.  of  Bois-le-Duo.     Pop.  3235. 

Waarmaarde,  Belgium.    See  Waermaerde. 

Waasis,  wah'sis,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co,.  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Fredericton  Branch  Railway,  10  miles 
from  Fredericton.     Pop,  125, 

Waatzen,  a  town  of  Central  Hungary.     See  Waitzen. 

Wabash,  waw'bXsh,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illi- 
nois, has  an  area  of  about  220  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  W,  by  Bon- 
pas  Creek,  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.    It  is  traversed  by  the  Cairo 


A  Vincennes  Railroad  and  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Carmel.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8841 ;  in  1880,  9945 ;  in  1890,  11,866. 

Wabash,  a  county  in  the  N.E,  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wabash,  Eel,  and  Mississlnewa  Rivers,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Salamonie  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  beech,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  and  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad  system  and  of  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  <fc  St,  Louis  Railway  Company's  lines,  which  con- 
verge at  Wabash,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,305;  in  1880,  25,241;  in  1890,  27,126. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  111.     Pop.  3017. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Wabash  co..  111.     Pop.  1120. 

Wabash,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  111. 

Wabash,  a  station  in  White  co.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash 
River,  and  on  the  St,  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.S,E,  of  Carmi, 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Adams  oo,,  Ind.    Pop.  242fl 


WAB 


2745 


WAD 


Wabash,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1284. 

Wabash,  Wayne  co.,  111.    See  Scottsville. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Gibson  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  442. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  933. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  781. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    P.  2129. 

Wabash,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  is  on 
the  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Wabash  <fc  Erie  Canal, 
and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Wabash  A  Michigan  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of 
Logansport,  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  about  32 
miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  female  academy.  Among  its  numerous  manu- 
facturing establishments  are  the  Monitor  Sash-Works,  the 
Wilson  Machine-Works,  and  the  workshops  of  the  Cincin- 
nati, Wabash  <fc  Michigan  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  3800. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  824. 

Wabash,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Va. 

Wabasha,  wah'ba-shaw^,  or  Wabashaw,  a  county 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Lake  Pepin,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is 
intersected  by  the  Zumbro,  and  also  drained  by  the  Min- 
neiska  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone  (Lower  Si- 
lurian) crops  out  here  in  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  which 
are  nearly  400  feet  high,  and  present  picturesque  scenery. 
A  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad 
passes  along  the  E.  border  of  this  county,  and  another 
division  running  E.  and  W.  intersects  it.  Capital,  Wabasha. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,859;  in  1880,  18,206;  in  1890,  16,972, 

Wabasha,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
is  situated  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
nearly  2  miles  below  the  foot  of  Lake  Pepin.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Minnesota  Midland  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Winona,  and  30  miles  B.S.E.  of  Red  Wing.  It  is  built 
on  sloping  ground,  between  the  river  and  a  high  bluff 
which  is  about  i  mile  from  the  shore.  It  contains  a  stone 
court-house,  5  churches,  a  union  school,  a  banking-house,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  a  ship-yard, 
and  manufactures  of  boilers,  threshing-machines,  furniture, 
sash,  machinery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2088;  in  1890,  2487. 

Wabash  River  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  0.,  passes  into 
Indiana,  and  runs  northwestward  to  Huntington.  It  next 
flows  nearly  westward  to  Logansport,  and  thence  south- 
westward  to  Covington.  Turning  to  the  left,  it  runs  south- 
ward to  Terre  Haute,  a  few  miles  below  which  it  strikes 
the  W.  boundary  of  Indiana.  It  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Illinois  and  Indiana  for  nearly  200  miles.  Below 
Vincennes  it  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  until  it  enters  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Indiana,  near  lat. 
37°  49'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  650  miles.  The 
chief  towns  on  its  banks,  besides  those  mentioned,  are  La- 
fayette and  Peru. 

Wabaunsee,  wa-bawn'se,  a  county  in  the  N.E,  cen- 
tral part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Kansas  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Mill  Creek  and  several  head-streams  of  the 
Osage  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  oats  are  the 
staple  products.  The  greater  part  of  the  county  is  prairie. 
Good  limestone  is  abundant  nere.  Divisions  of  several 
railroads  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Alma.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3362;  in  1875,  4649;  in  1880,  8756;  in  1890, 11,720. 

Wabaunsee,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Kansas  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Wamego,  and  about  38  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  stone  church  and  a  hotel. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1025. 

Wabuska,  wa-bds'ka,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Nev. 

Wacahootie,  wah-ka-hoo'te,  or  Wacahoo'ta,  a 
post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

Wacasassee,  wah-ka-sas'see,  or  Wacassas'sa,  a 
post-office  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla. 

Wac'cabuc,  a  post-office  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.     • 

Wac'camaw,  township,  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.     P.  452. 

Waccamaw,  township,  Georgetown  oo.,  S.C.   P.  4310. 

Waccamaw  River  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  North 
Carolina,  and  passes  into  South  Carolina.  It  runs  south- 
westward  through  Horry  co.,  and  enters  the  Pedee  River  at 
the  border  of  Georgetown  co.     Shad  are  found  in  this  river. 

Wacedah,  or  Wanceda,  waw-see'da,  a  post-office  of 
Menominee  co.,  Mich. 

173 


Wachan,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.    See  Vokhah. 

Wachenheim,  ^&K'9n-hIme\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba* 
varia,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  2349. 

Wachtendonk,  w&K't^n-donk^  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  ribbons,  leather,  and  linen.     Pop.  2543. 

Wachusett  (waw-ohoo's^t)  Mountain,  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  is  about  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  rises  2018 
feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view. 

Wachusett  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Westminster  township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fitchburg,  and 
li  miles  from  Westminster  Station.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Wacken,  -^ik'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2316. 

Waco,  wa'ko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ala.,  ia 
Russell's  Valley,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Tuscumbia. 

Waco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  in  Salem 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Wichita.     It  has  a  church. 

Waco,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  N. 
of  Richmond.  It  contains  the  Waco  Seminary,  3  charches, 
2  flour-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  sev- 
eral manufactories  of  stone-ware. 

Waco,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Neb.,  44  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Lincoln,  and  8  miles  E.  of  York. 

Waco,  a  flourishing  city  of  Texas,  the  county  seat  of 
McLennan  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Brazos  River  (a  broad, 
shallow  stream  crossed  by  a  wire  suspension  and  two  rail- 
road bridges),  at  the  convergence  of  several  railway  lines, 
100  miles  N.  of  Austin,  the  capital  of  the  state,  104  miles 
S.  of  Dallas,  and  88  miles  S.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  29 
churches,  4  national,  2  state,  and  2  savings-banks,  and 
state  and  federal  court-houses.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Baylor 
University  (Baptist)  with  1000  students,  the  Waco  Female 
College  (Methodist),  the  Academy  of  the  Sacred  Heart 
(Roman  Catholic),  and  the  Paul  Quinn  College  (A.M.E.) 
with  about  200  students.  The  industrial  establishments  of 
the  city  embrace  flouring-mills,  foundries,  and  manufac- 
tories of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  ice,  and  lumber,  and 
it  has  also  extensive  shipments  of  cotton,  grain,  and  live- 
stock. It  has  gas  and  electric  light  plants,  30  miles  of 
electric  street-railways,  and  numerous  hot  artesian  wells, 
the  waters  of  which  are  noted  for  curative  properties. 
Three  daily  and  about  15  weekly  periodicals  are  published 
here.      Pop.  in  1880,  7296 ;  in  1890,  14,445. 

Waconia,  wa-ko'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waconia  town- 
ship. Carver  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  called  Clearwater  or  Wa- 
conia, 11  miles  W.  of  Chaska,  and  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1184. 

Wacoo'chee,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala. 

Waconsta,  wah-koos'ta,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Wacousta  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Da- 
kota. The  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River  touches 
the  W.  part  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  165. 

Wacousta,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Looking  Glass  River,  in  Watertown  township,  4  miles  N. 
of  Ingersoll  Station,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  wagon -shops. 

Wacouta,  wah-koo'ta,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  Lake  Pepin,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Red 
Wing,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  Wacouta  township,  109. 

Wad,  an  Arabic  prefix.    See  Wadt. 

Wad-al-Kebir,  Spain.    See  Guadalquivir. 

Wadan,  Africa.    See  Hoden. 

Waday,  or  Wady,  wft'di  (written  in  French,  Ovaday), 
called  also  Dar  Saleyh  and  Bor^goo',  a  country  in 
the  interior  of  Africa,  S.  of  the  Great  Desert,  and  W.  of 
Darfoor.  It  is  larger  than  Darfoor,  which  it  excels  also  in 
fertility  and  in  abundance  of  water.  Through  its  valleys 
flow,  from  the  highland  on  the  E.  confines  of  Wadfty,  two 
streams,  which  unite  to  form  the  Bahr-el-Gazal,  which 
periodically  converts  into  a  lake  the  hollow  plain  of  Fittrfi, 
about  200  miles  W.  of  WadSly ;  and  another  river,  the  Bahr- 
Iro,  flows  N.W.  through  Wad&y  from  the  mountains  of 
Marrah,  S.  of  Darfoor. 

A  strip  of  desert  on  the  B.  side  of  Wad&y  separates  it 
from  Darfoor,  and  on  the  N.  Wad&y  has  the  mountainous 
and  rocky  desert  of  the  Tibboos.  The  plains  on  the  W., 
towards  Fittrl  and  Baghirmi,  with  an  extent  of  eight  or 
ten  days'  journey,  resemble  the  desert,  but  are  not  quite 
arid.  Towards  the  S.  the  country  improves  continually  in 
luxuriance  of  vegetation  and  copiousness  of  water,  till  at 
last  the  forests  of  baobab  and  ebony,  and  numerous  com- 
munities of  pagan  negroes,  mark  the  limits  of  the  horse- 
and  camel-keeping  Mohammedans  of  Wad&y. 

The  country  produces  in  abundance  darra,  dokhn,  maiie, 


WAD 


2746 


WAE 


and  the  other  grains,  as  ^rell  as  the  fruits  of  the  torrid 
Bone.  Cattle  and  horses  are  reared  in  great  numbers. 
The  people  know  how  to  spin  and  weave  cotton,  and  can 
dye  tneir  webs ;  they  can  work  iron,  and  can  make  coarse 
Implements  for  their  own  use  5  but  the  manufactured 
articles  chiefly  in  demand  and  most  prized  by  them  are 
imported  from  Egypt  or  Barbary.  In  return  they  export 
gum,  ivory,  ostrich-feathers,  tamarinds,  senna,  skins  to 
make  water-bags,  and  slaves. 

In  manners,  dress,  and  mode  of  life,  the  Mohammedan 
inhabitants  of  Wadfly  resemble  those  of  Darfoor.  Their 
houses,  however,  are  superior,  being  often  of  good  masonry. 
Capital,  Abesher.     Pop.  about  2,500,000. 

Wad'borough,  a  hamlet  of  England,  00.  of  Worcester, 
t>n  the  Birmingham  &  Bristol  Railway,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Worcester. 

Wad'dam's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Stephenson  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  16i  miles  N.W.  of 
Freejport. 

Wad^dells',  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  00.,  N.C. 

Wad'dington,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Waddington  township,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  The  river  here  affords 
extensive  water-power,  which  has  been  increased  by  a  dam 
between  the  shore  and  an  island  in  the  river.  Waddington 
contains  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill, 
a  tannery,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  710; 
of  the  township,  2608. 

Wade,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  111.     Pop.  1864. 

Wade^  a  post-hamlet  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  in  Sheridan 
township,  7  miles  from  Clare  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Wade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  27  miles  by  water  or  21  miles  by  land  above  Mari- 
etta.    It  has  2  churches. 

Wad-el-Habid,  or  Ouad-el-Habid,  w&d'-dl-h&- 
beed',  a  river  of  Morocco,  flows  N.W.,  and,  after  a  course 
ef  about  100  miles,  joins  the  Morbeya  on  the  left. 

Wadelims,  w3,d'e-lims\  a  people  of  Africa,  occupying 
the  W.  part  of  the  Great  Desert. 

Wadena,  wah-de'na,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Crow  Wing  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Leaf  and  Red  Eye  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Great  Northern  Railway, 
which  cross  each  other  at  Wadena,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6;  in  1875,  210,-  in  1880,  2080;  in 
1890,  4053. 

Wadena,  or  Waudena,  a  post-village  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Volga  River  and  the  Chicago,  Dubuque 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  aud 
6  miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  3  churches,  a  creamery,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Wadena,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Wadena  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Great  Northern 
Railway,  162  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Wftdenschwyl,  M'd^n-shwir,  or  W£ldensweil, 
^i'd^ns-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich.  It 
has  a  castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  6049. 

Wader,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Wador. 

Wadesborough,  wadz'biir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paducah.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Wadesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anson  co., 
N.C,  in  Wadesborough  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad,  52  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  bank,  the 
Anson  Institute,  a  superior  hotel,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  5 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  800;   in  1890,  1198. 

Wade's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas, 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Paola. 

Wadesburg,  wadz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.. 
Mo.,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Holden.     It  has  a  church. 

Wade's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  6  or  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Winchester. 

Wadestown,  wadz'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  E.  of  Burton,  and  about  45  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches,  and  iron-works. 

Wadesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  wagon-shops. 

Wadesville,  Clarke  co.,  Va.     See  Brucetown. 

Wadetz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Wadowice. 

Wadeville,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territorj. 


Wadeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  18  milM 
E.  of  Corsicana.     It  has  a  church. 

Wadgier,  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands.     See  Wadjieb. 

Wadham's  (wad'g,mz)  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  AVestport  township,  on  the  Boquet  River,  1 
mile  from  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  and  36  miles 
S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
iron,  flour,  and  lumber. 

Wad'hurst,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Tunbridge  Wells.     Pop.  3191. 

Wadi-Ash,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  Guadix. 

Wa'ding  River,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Egg  Harbor  River. 

Wading  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  00., 
N.J.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  9  miles  W.  of  Tuok- 
erton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wading  River,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  i  mile  from  Long 
Island  Sound.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Wadinoon,  w&Me-noon'  (written  in  French Ouao{t)toun 
or  Ouady-Noun),  a  town  of  Morocco,  near  the  river  Noon, 
115  miles  S.W.  of  Terodant. 

Wadjier,  or  Wadgier,  wid'jeeR',  one  of  the  smaller 
Aroo  Islands,  with  a  village  of  the  same  name  on  its  W. 
side.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Christians,  with  a  smaller 
number  of  Mohammedans. 

Wadjoe,  wid^joo'  (?),  a  native  state  near  the  middle 
of  the  island  of  Celebes,  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Boni. 

Wad'ley,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  450. 

Wadley's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
in  Lee  township,  on  the  Lamprey  River,  about  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  lum- 
ber.    Pop.  about  100. 

Wad'malaw  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of 
Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  forms  a  township.     Pop.  3826. 

Wad-Medina,  or  Ouad-Medina,  w&d-m&-dee'n&, 
a  town  of  the  Egyptian  dominions,  in  the  S.  of  Nubia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  about  80  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Khartoom.  It  is  of  considerable  importance,  and  was 
once  regarded  as  the  capital  of  East  Soodan,  having  for 
that  purpose  been  substituted  for  Sennaar,  though  it  was 
itself  afterwards  supplanted  by  Khartoom.  Pop.,  including 
the  garrison,  nearly  4000. 

Wador,  w&Mor',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  17  miles  W. 
of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  on  the  route  to  Candahar. 

Wadowice,  ♦i-do-^^eet'si,  or  Wadetz,  M'dits,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  on  the  Skawa,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  3171. 

Wads'worth,  a  post-office  of  Lake  00.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  <fe  Milwaukee  Railroad,  and  on  the  Des  Plaines 
River,  43  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Wadsworth,  a  post-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  34 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Reno.  Here  are  a  machine-shop,  a  car- 
shop,  and  round-house  of  the  railroad. 

Wadsworth,  a  flourishing  post- village  in  Wadsworth 
township,  Medina  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron,  and  about  33  miles 
S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  bank,  a  Mennonite  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  planing-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  farming-implements,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1219 ;  in  1890,  1574 ;   of  the  township,  3047. 

Wadsworth's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston. 

Wady,  wid'ee,  or  Wad,  w4d,  an  Arabic  word  signify 
ing  "  valley"  or  "  river,"  forming  a  part  of  many  names 
in  North  Africa  and  Western  Asia.     This  root  furnishes 
also  the  prefix  in  such  Spanish  names  as  Guadalquivir, 
Guadiana,  and  Guadalete. 

Wady,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  WadIy. 

Wady  el  Tyh,  wi'dee  fil  tee  (or  "  valley  of  the  Wan- 
dering"), is  in  Egypt,  extending  between  ancient  Memphis 
and  Suez,  immediately  S.  of  the  Jeb-el-Ataka. 

Wady-Moosa,  or  Wady-Mousa,  w4d'e-moo'si,  a 
T«alley  of  Arabia  Petraea,  opening  on  the  W.  into  Arabah, 
the  great  depression  between  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  Gulf 
of  Akabah.     At  its  S.E.  extremity  are  the  ruins  of  Petra. 

Wady  Noon,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Wadinoon. 

Wad'y  Pe'tra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Peoria  <fc  Rock  Island  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  by  W.of  Peoria. 

Waelder,  wail'd^r,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  5i 
miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church 


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Waelhem,  or  Waalhem,  MrhSm,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 12  miles  S.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  NSthe.     Pop.  1016. 

Waepingr,  a  town  of  China.     See  Waiping. 

Waereghem,  M'r^h-ghfim^  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  West  Flanders,  on  the  Brussels  &  Toumay  Rail- 
way, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  6839. 

Waermaerde,  or  Waarmaarde,  Mn'miRM^h,  a 
village  of  Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  on  the 
Scheldt,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1043. 

Waerschoot,  MR^sKot',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  East  Flanders,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  5293. 

Waerten,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Warneton. 

Waertown,  Now  Jersey.     See  Waretown. 

Waesmnnster,  wfl^'miin^st^r,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ghent,  on 
the  Durme.     Pop.  6468.     It  has  cotton-mills. 

Waes,  Pays  de,  pi*ee'  d§h  ♦i^i',  an  ancient  district 
of  Belgium,  province  of  East  Flanders.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  fertile  tracts  in  Europe,  and  was  formerly  called  the 
"pleasure-garden  of  Flanders." 

Waetone,  M^iHoo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 12  miles  S.  of  Furnes.     Pop.  2735. 

Waga,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vaga. 

Wagai,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Vagal 

Wag'aman,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  <k  Texas 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  La. 

Wagenfeld)  ♦i'gh^n-filO,  a  commune  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Diepholz.     Pop.  2966. 

Wageningen,  M'gh^nMng-^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  on  the  Rhine,  11  miles  W.  of  Arnhem. 
Pop.  5724,  who  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Wageoo  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Waigeoo. 

Wager  (wi'j§rj  River,  a  large  estuary  or  inlet  of 
British  North  America,  W.  of  Southampton  Island,  its 
centre  near  lat.  66°  N.,  Ion.  90°  W. 

Wag'goner's  Ripple,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0., 
in  Green  township,  on  Brush  Creek,  19  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Maysville,  Ky. 

Wa'ghen,  or  Wawn,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  East  Riding,  with  a  village,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bev- 
erley. Here  are  remains  of  Melsa  Abbey,  founded  in  the 
twelfth  century. 

Wag'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wag- 
ner township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  El  Kader,  and  14  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  McGregor.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  889. 

Wagner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  oc,  Pa.,  in  Decatur 
township,  on  the  Lewistown  &  Selin's  Grove  Railroad,  12i 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Wagoner's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis-,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles  N. 
of  Peru. 

Wag'ontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Wilmington  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Wag'on  Wheel  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Rio  Grande 
00.,  Col. 

Wagon  Works,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  is  in  the 
limits  of  the  city  of  Toledo,  at  Wagon  Works  Junction, 
which  is  on  the  Toledo  division  of  the  Canada  Southern 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Detroit  division  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  Here  is  a 
manufactory  of  wagons. 

Wagram,  wi'gram  or  ■^S.'grim,  a  village  of  Lower 
Austria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rossbach,  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Vienna.  It  is  famous  for  the  victory  of  Napoleon  over 
the  Austrians,  July  6,  1809,  which  was  followed  by  the 
treaty  of  Schbnbrunn. 

Wag'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Etna 
township,  3  miles  from  Summit  Station. 

Wagram,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Wagrowiec,  Prussia.     See  Wongrowitz. 

Wagstadt,  •ft^ig'stitt,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Troppau,  on  the  Waag.  Pop.  3720.  It  ha« 
a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens. 

Wahal,  Netherlands.     See  Waal. 

Wahalak,  waw-hal'ak,  a  post-village  of  Kemper  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Macon. 
It  has  a  church.     Here  are  forests  of  ash  and  white  oak. 

Wah-a-toy-a.    See  Spanish  Peaks. 

Wahee,  wah'hee',  township,  Marion  co.,  S.C.     P.  1429. 

Wah-el-Dakhleh,  Egypt.    See  El-Dakhel. 

Wah'jamega,  or  Waj'amega,  a  post-village  of 
Tuscola  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Cass  River,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Vassar.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  lumber-mill.  Wahjamega 
Station  on  the  Caro  Branch  Railroad  is  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Vassar. 


Wahkiaknm,  wah-ke-&k'um,  a  small  county  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Washington.  It  is  bounded  on  the  8.  by  the 
Columbia  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  produces  potatoes,  grass,  &c.  Area,  244 
square  miles.  Capital,  Cathlamet.  Pop.  in  1870,  270 ;  in 
1880,  1598;  in  1890,2526. 

Wah^kon'sa,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.   P.  921. 

Wahlahgas,  a  river  of  Maine.     See  Alleouash. 

Wahleren,  -fri'li-r^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  5290. 

Wahlershansen,  ♦i'l^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Hesse- 
Cassel,  in  Niederhessen,  circle  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1558. 

Wahlstatt,  ♦il'stitt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Liegnitz.  Here,  in,  1241,  Henry  of  Lieg- 
nitz  was  defeated  by  the  Mongols ;  and  here,  August  26, 
1813,  the  French  were  defeated  by  the  Prussians  under  Blii- 
cher,  who  thence  derived  his  title  of  Prince  of  Wahlstadt. 

Waholock,  Kemper  co..  Miss.    See  Wahalak. 

Wahoo,  one  of  the  Hawaii  Islands.     See  Oahu. 

Wahoo,  wah-hoo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Qa., 
17  miles  N.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Wahoo,  or  Wanhoo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saun- 
ders CO.,  Neb.,  on  Cottonwood  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of 
Wahoo  Creek,  on  the  Omaha  A  Republican  Valley  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fremont,  and  54  miles  W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  2006. 

Wahpeton,  wah'p^-ton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Rich- 
land CO.,  N.D.,  on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  27  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Fergus  Falls.     Pop.  1510. 

Wahring,  or  Waring,  M'ring,  a  village  of  Austria, 
adjoining  Vienna  on  theW.     Pop.  16,023. 

Wah^satch'  Range,  or  Wasatch  (wah^satch') 
Mountains,  Utah,  a  long  range  which  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Great  Basin,  extending  from  the  northern 
border  of  Utah  southward  through  the  middle  of  the  terri- 
tory nearly  to  the  Colorado  River.  The  highest  peaks  are 
about  11,500  feet  high,  on  the  sides  of  which  deep  and  pic- 
turesque canons  occur.  The  basis-rocks  of  this  range  are 
a  series  of  alternating  layers  of  quartzose,  mica,  and  hom- 
blendic  schists.  Above  these  rest,  in  the  following  order, 
beds  of  quartzite  limestone  (probably  of  Silurian  age),  a 
group  of  clays,  shales,  quartzites,  &o.,  and  a  great  thick- 
ness of  limestones  containing  many  organic  remains  of  the 
carboniferous  age.  Silver  is  found  in  this  range.  The  Pa- 
cific Railroad  crosses  it  near  Ogden. 

Wahsatch,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  in 
Utah,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming. 

Wahungen,  M'h56ng-§n,  or  Wasnngen,  M'sSdng- 
§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the 
Werra,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  2469.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  cutlery. 

Waia,  wl'&,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  South  Pacific 
Ocean.      Lat.  17°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  177»  4'  E.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Waiblingen,  ^i'bling-?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  cir- 
cle of  Neckar,  on  the  Rems,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop. 
4128.  The  emperors  of  the  HohenstauflFen  family  received 
their  name  of  Ohibellinea  from  this  town,  which  was  for- 
merly called  WlBELINGEN. 

Waibstadt,  ♦ib'stitt,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1968. 

Waidhofen,  ♦id'ho-fgn,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the 
Ips,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Polten.  Pop.  3497.  It  is  the 
centre  of  the  iron-manufacture  of  Lower  Austria. 

Waidhofen,  Bohmisch  (t.e.,  "Bohemian"),  bcS'mish 
♦id'ho-f§n,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Thaya,  32 
miles  N.AV.  of  Krems.     Pop.  1984. 

Waidsborough,  w&dz'bilr-r&h,  a  post-office  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Va. 

Waigats,  or  Waigatz,  Russia.    See  Vaioats. 

Waigeoo,  Waigiou,  Waygeou,  or  Waygioa, 
wi^ghee-oo',  written  also  Wageoo,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  N.  of  New  Guinea,  forming  part  of  the  region  called 
Papnaland.  Lat.  of  the  Bay  of  Oflfak,  O*  1'  8"  S. ;  Ion.  130» 
43'  E.  It  is  mountainous  in  the  centre,  and  covered  with 
vast  marshes  on  the  shores. 

Wai-Ho,  New  Zealand.    See  Thames. 

Waihn,  an  island  of  Chili.    See  Eastsr  Island.  , 

Waikato,  wi-k4'to,  the  principal  river  of  New  Zea-  ; 
land.  North  Island,  rises  in  Lake  Taupo,   flows  N.,  and 
enters  the  ocean  at  Waikato  Harbor,  on  the  W.  coast,  35 
miles  S.  of  Auckland.    Total  course,  estimated  at  260  miles. 
Principal  affluent,  the  Waipa. 

Wailesborough,  w&lz'bQr-riih,  or  Waylesbnrg, 
wSlz'bfirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jeflersonville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  Walea> 


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borough  Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  101. 

VFain'fleet)  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lincoln,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Boston.     Pop.  2076. 
Wain-Gunga,  a  river  of  India.    See  Wyne-Ganga. 

Waiping,  or  Waeping,  wi^ping',  a  walled  town  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  near  the  frontiers  of  Kiang- 
Soo,  S.W.  of  Hang-Chow.     Pop.  about  150,000. 

Wairau,  wi'raw,  a  river  of  New  Zealand,  South  Island, 
enters  Cloudy  Bay.  It  is  navigable  to  some  distance  above 
its  mouth.  A  massacre  of  English  settlers  took  place  on 
its  banks  in  April,  1843. 

Wairoa^  wi-ro'i,  a  river  of  New  Zealand,  North  Island, 
enters  Kaipara  Harbor  55  miles  N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wairoa,  a  bay  of  New  Zealand.    See  Hawke's  Bay. 

Waite,  wate,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Me., 
about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Calais.     Pop.  122. 

Waitra,  a  town  of  I^ower  Austria.     See  Weitka. 

Wait's,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ports- 
mouth Branch  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about 
8  miles  E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Waits'burg,  a  post-village  of  Walla  Walla  oo.,  Wash- 
ington.    Pop.  in  1880,  248  ;  in  1890,  817. 

Waits'field,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Waitsfield  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  starch-factory.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 948. 

Wait's  River,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  at  Bradford.  . 

Wait's  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier. 

Waitzen,  wit's?n,  or  Waatzen,  wit's§n  (Hun.  Vacz, 
vits),  a  town  of  Central  Hungary,  "co.  of  Pesth,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Danube,  20  miles  N.  of  Pesth,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  railway.  Pop.  12,894.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  an  episcopal  palace,  a 
town  hall,  a  Piarist  college,  a  military  school,  a  seminary,  a 
deaf  and  dumb  asylum,  paper-mills,  large  cattle-fairs,  and 
a  trade  in  wine. 

Wait'ville,  or  Waiteville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe 
00.,  W.  Va. 

Wajamega,  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    See  Wahjauega. 

Wajerezy,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Hoterswerda. 

W^o,  wi'yo,  a  kingdom  of  Celebes,  on  its  W.  arm,  N. 
of  the  state  of  Boni,  on  the  Gulf  of  Boni.  Its  capital  is 
Tesora  (ti-so'ri),  a  large  straggling  town,  with  extensive 
ruins.     Pop.  now  reduced  to  about  6000. 

Wakanda,  a  township  of  Carroll  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  5342. 

Wakanda  Creek,  Missouri.    See  Waconda  Creek. 

Wakarusa,  waw-ka-roo'sa,  a  small  river  of  Kansas, 
rises  in  Wabaunsee  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through  Shaw- 
nee and  Douglas  cos.,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  8  miles 
E.  of  Lawrence. 

Wakarusa,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Olive  township,  10  or  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Goshen.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  500. 

Wakarusa,  township,  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.    P.  2083. 

Wakarusa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Wakarusa  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka.     It  has  a  church. 

Wak^atom'ica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Zanesville,     It  has  a  church. 

Wake,  the  most  populous  county  of  North  Carolina,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  940  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Neuse  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Little  River  and  Middle  and  Swift  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  sweet  potatoes, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  underlies  a  large 
part  of  the  surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad.  The  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad 
(of  the  Seaboard  Air  Line)  connects  with  the  Raleigh  & 
Augusta  Railroad  at  Raleigh,  which  is  the  capital  of  this 
county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,617  j  in  1880, 
47,939;  in  1890,  49,207. 

Wake,  North  Carolina.    See  Wake  Forest  College. 

Wa  Kee'ney,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Trego  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hays  City.     Pop.  about  500. 

Wake'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway,  9  miles  S. 
of  Leeds.  Pop.  of  municipal  borough  (1891),  33,146;  of 
parliamentary  borough,  37,269.  The  town  is  on  the  sloping 
N.  bank  of  the  Calder,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  8 
arches.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  handsome  churches, 
an  elegant  chapel,  projecting  over  the  E.  side  of  the  bridge, 


supposed  to  date  from  1340,  a  grammar-school,  library  and 
news-rooms,  corn  exchange  and  saloon,  court-house,  prison, 
dissenting  chapels,  and  a  Doric  market-cross.  The  gram- 
mar-school, founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  has  a  large  rev- 
enue, and  six  exhibitions  to  the  universities :  in  it  Arch- 
bishop Potter  and  Dr.  Bentley  were  educated.  Here  are 
many  charitable  endowments,  the  West  Riding  Lunatic 
Asylum,  a  fever  hospital,  masonic  lodge  for  the  West  Riding, 
literary,  philosophical,  and  horticultural  societies,  a  me- 
chanics' institution,  and  a  theatre.  The  town  has  iron 
foundries,  breweries,  large  chemical  works,  and  manufac 
tures  of  woollen  yarn.  The  chief  trade  is  in  corn,  wool, 
and  cattle.  It  has  also  coal-mines,  and  an  active  export 
of  coal.     It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wake'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co..  111.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Olney.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Wakefield,  a  post-village  in  Republican  township. 
Clay  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Republican  River,  and  on  the 
Junction  City  <t  Fort  Kearney  Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  stores. 

Wakefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  creamery. 

Wakefield  (formerly  South  Reading),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Wakefield  township,  on  the 
Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It 
is  connected  with  Salem  by  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road. It  has  7  churches,  a  public  hall,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  shoe- 
tools,  rattans,  <&o.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  6982. 

Wakefield,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     P.  746. 

Wakefield,  often  called  Wakefield  Corner,  a  post 
village  in  Wakefield  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Conway  division  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Ossipee,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  a  church 
and  an  academy.  The  township  contains  several  lakes,  and 
a  village  named  Union.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1185. 

Wakefield,  Wake  co.,  N.C.    See  Rosinboeo. 

Wakefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 

Wakefield,  a  post-village  in  South  Kingston  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  and  on  the 
Newport  &  Kingston  Railroad,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Kings- 
ton, and  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wool- 
len-factory. 

Wakefield,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.,  6 
miles  from  Appleton. 

Wake'field,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Gatineau,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.    Pop.  200. 

Wakefield  Centre,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Wakefield  Corner,  N.H.    See  Wakefield. 

Wakefield  Station,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  29  miles  S.E. 
of  Petersburg. 

Wake  For'est  College,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co., 
N.C,  on  the  Raleigh  <fc  Gaston  Railroad,  at  Wake  Station, 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
the  Wake  Forest  College  (Baptist),  which  was  organized 
in  1838.     Pop.  in  1880,  466  ;  in  1890,  853. 

Wakelee,  wak'lee,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  about  90  miles  S.W. 
of  Lansing. 

Wakeman,  wak'man,  post-office,  Norton  co.,  Kansas. 

Wakeman,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Wake- 
man  township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Nor- 
walk,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1880,  1450;  in  1890,  1189. 

Waken'da  (formerly  Eugene  City),  a  post-village 
of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  in  Eugene  township,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  73  miles  E.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements. 

Wakesh'ma,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1460. 

Wakiacum,  Washington.     See  Wahkiacdh. 

Wakulla,  wah-kiiria,  a  small  river  of  Florida,  flowing 
into  an  arm  of  Appalachee  Bay. 

Wakulla,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E 
by  St.  Mark's  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexicq, 


WAK 


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WAL 


and  on  the  W.  by  the  Ocklookonnee  River.  A  large  part 
of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
Ciotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  (now 
called  the  Florida  Central  and  Peninsular)  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Crawfordville.  Pop.  in  1870,  2506;  in  1880,  2723; 
in  1890,  3117. 

Waknlla  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 

Walachia.    See  Wallachia. 

Waiadia,  El,  51  wfl,-li'de-i,  a  maritime  town  of  Mo- 
rocco, with  a  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, 100  miles  N.W.  of  Morocco. 

Walahmutte,  Oregon.    See  Willamettk. 

Walajanagar,  w&-l&-j&-n&-gur',  a  considerable  town 
of  British  India,  presidency  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mad- 
ras, district  of  North  Arcot,  on  the  Palaur. 

Wal'bach,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Walbeck,  ♦il'bfik,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Aller.     Pop.  1266. 

Walbert,  wSl'b^rt,  a  station  on  the  Catasauqua  &  Fo- 
gelsville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

Walbridge,  w51'brij,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in 
Lake  township,  on  the  Columbus  <fc  Toledo  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Toledo  &  Mansfield  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Walchen-See,  ♦S.lK'^n-si,  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
near  the  Tyrol.  Length,  4  miles;  breadth,  3  miles.  It 
has  a  productive  fishery. 

Walcheren,  ^il'K^r-^n,  the  most  W.  of  the  islands 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  between  the  East 
and  West  Scheldt,  and  having  W.  the  North  Sea.  Length, 
11  miles;  breadth,  10  miles.  Lat.  51°  30'  N.;  Ion.  3°  30' 
E.  Pop.  40,000.  It  is  fertile,  but  below  the  level  of  the 
sea,  against  which  it  is  protected  by  extensive  dunes  and 
dikes.  Chief  town,  Middelburg.  The  English,  under  the 
Earl  of  Chatham,  occupied  it  in  1809. 

Walcott,  wSl'kgt,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ark. 

Walcott,  Scott  CO.,  Iowa.     See  Wolcott. 

Walcott,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  615. 

Walcott,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Walcourt,  ^3.rkoou',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Namur,  on  the  Sambre  &  Meuse  Railway. 
Pop.  1345.  It  has  a  church,  with  an  image  of  the  Virgin, 
which  attracts  numerous  devotees. 

Wald,  <^3,lt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  of 
Dusseldorf,  circle  of  Solingen,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Elber- 
feld.  Pop.  7701.  It  has  manufactures  of  hardware  and 
of  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Wald,  ♦ilt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1482. 

Wald,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  5055,  partly  employed  in 
cotton-spinning  and  in  iron-works. 

Waldai,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Valdai. 

Waldaschaff,  ^3,Id^ish'8,flF,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Lower 
Franconia,  at  the  source  of  the  Aschaflf.     Pop.  1614. 

Waldau,  -^il'dSw,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2571. 

Waldbockelheim,  MPbok'^l-hime^  a  market-town 
of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  of  Coblentz,  6  miles  W.  of 
Kreutznach.     Pop.  1270. 

Waldcappel,  Hesse-Cassel.    See  Waldkappel. 

Waldeck,  w6rdfik  (Ger.  pron.  ^il'dfik),  a  principality 
of  Germany,  consisting  of  two  detached  portions:  first,  of 
Waldeck,  lying  between  lat.  51°  and  61°  30'  N.,  Ion.  8°  30' 
and  9°  11'  E.,  enclosed  by  Prussian  Westphalia  and  Hesse- 
Nassau;  secondly,  of  Pyrmont,  30  miles  northward,  sur- 
rounded by  the  territories  of  Hanover,  Lippe-Detmold,  and 
Brunswick.  United  area,  439  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890, 
67,283.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Lutherans.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly.  Both  portions  of  territory  are  situated  in  the 
basin  of  the  Weser,  and  are  watered  by  its  tributaries  the 
Eder,  Diemel,  and  Emmer.  Sufficient  corn  is  raised  for 
home  consumption,  with  potatoes,  fruits,  and  flax.  Cattle- 
rearing  and  the  production  of  timber  are  highly  important : 
nearly  one-third  of  the  surface  is  in  forests.  The  mineral 
products  comprise  iron,  salt,  alabaster,  marble,  and  slates, 
and  a  considerable  portion  of  the  prince's  revenue  is  de- 
rived from  the  export  of  the  waters  of  Pyrmont,  one  of  the 
chief  spas  of  Germany.  Manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
stuffs,  paper,  iron,  leather,  and  cotton  hosiery  are  carried 
on ;  but  the  principal  articles  of  commerce  are  com,  cattle, 
fine  wool,  honey,  iron,  mineral  waters,  &o.  The  govern- 
ment is  a  limited  monarchy,  with  a  diet  of  representatives 
of  the  nobility,  the  towns,  and  the  rural  districts.     The 


territory  is  subdivided  into  5  circles.  The  chief  towns  are 
Arolsen  (the  capital),  in  Waldeck,  and  Pyrmont.  By  a 
treaty  concluded  with  Prussia  in  1867,  the  administration 
of  the  principality  was  transferred  to  that  kingdom. 

Wal'degrave  Island,  South  Australia,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Anxious  Bay,  Eyre  Land,  and  N.E.  of  Flinders  Island. 
Lat.  33°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  37'  E. 

Wal'demar,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  58i  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Toronto.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  store,  and  an  ashery. 

Walden,  wil'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Bibb  co.,  Qa.,  on  a 
railroad.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Walden,  a  station  in  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  di- 
vision of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Tipton 
Branch),  4  miles  N.  of  Tipton. 

Walden,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Walden,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mont- 
gomery township,  on  the  Wallkill  River  and  the  Wallkill 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  74  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
New  York,  and  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Newburg.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  engines  and  knives. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1254;  in  1880,  1804;  in  1890,  2132. 

Walden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in  Wal- 
den township,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  33 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Montpelier.     Pop.  of  the  township,  992. 

Waldenbuch,  Mld'?n-booK\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1895. 

Walden  burg,  Mid'§n-b65RG',  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 43  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Polsnitz.  Pop.  11,307. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  porcelain.  Near  it  are 
extensive  coal-mines. 

Waldenburg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Mulde,  14 
miles  W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  5358.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  fine  castle. 

Waldenburg,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  1324. 

Waldenbnrg,  Mld'en-bS3rg',  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Basel,  6^  miles  S.  of  Liesthal.     Pop.  866. 

Waldenburg,  wil'd§n-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Clemens. 

Walden- SaflTron.    See  Saffron-Walden. 

Walden's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Waldenses,  w6l-dfin's6z,  a  people  inhabiting  a  seques- 
tered district  of  Piedmont,  called  the  Four  Valleys.  They 
are  remarkable  for  having  been  the  first  community  in  the 
West  of  Europe  that  separated  from  the  church  of  Rome, 
and  for  the  great  persecutions  and  hardships  which  they 
have  suffered.  They  still  exist  as  a  distinct  people,  in- 
habiting three  of  the  Four  Valleys,  namely,  Perosa,  Lu- 
cerna,  and  San  Martino;  Agogna  no  longer  belonging  to 
them.  The  district  of  the  Waldenses  is  situated  on  the 
French  frontier,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saluzzo.  Length, 
about  20  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Wal'den's  Ridge,  in  the  S.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
is  a  steep  sandstone  ridge  between  the  Tennessee  River 
and  the  long,  narrow  Sequatchie  Valley,  which  separates  it 
from  the  Cumberland  Mountain.    Coal  is  found  in  this  ridge. 

Waldheim,  Mlt'hime,  a  town  of  Saxony,  33  milea 
S.E.  of  Leipsio.  Pop.  6712.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen 
and  woollen  stuffs,  fustian,  tobacco,  Ac. 

Walditz,Mrdits,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia, 
government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1545. 

Waldkappel,  or  Waldcappel,  ^llt'kSp'p^l,  a  town 
of  Germany,  Hesse-Cassel,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.     P.  1030. 

Waldkirch,  Mlt'kiSSRK,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  Eltz,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3098. 

Waldkirch,  <i^Mt'kSgRK,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit 
zerland,  canton  and  W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2634. 

Waldkirchen,  ^&lt'kdgRK'en,  a  village  of  Lower  Ba- 
varia, 13  miles  N.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1269. 

Waldkirchen,  a  village  of  Saxony,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Chemnitz.     Pop.  1543. 

Waldinichaelbach,  ^&lt'miK'&-9l-b&K\  a  village  of 
Hesse,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2167. 

Waldmohr,  ♦llt'mSR,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
on  the  Glan,  11  miles  N.  of  Deux-Ponts.     Pop.  1092. 

Waldnitinchen,  Mlt'milnK^Qn,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  Schwarzach,  38  milea 
N.E.  of  Ratisbon.  Pop.  2621.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linens  and  glass,  with  a  trade  in  flax  and  yarn. 

Waldniel,Mlt'neel,  orBurgwaldniel,b55RO-^&lt'- 
neol,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  W.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1300. 


AVAL 


2750 


WAL 


WaI'do,  a  county  in  the  8.  part  of  Maine,  has  an  area 
of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Penobscot  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Penobscot  Bay  (part  of 
which  is  called  Belfast  Bay),  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Se- 
basticook  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  birch,  ash, 
BUgar-maple,  oak,  &o.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  potatoes,  cattle,  oats,  and  wool  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  ship- 
building, trade,  and  navigation,  for  which  Penobscot  Bay 
and  River  aiford  great  facilities.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  a  division  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  (known 
as  the  Belfast  Division),  which  terminates  at  Belfast,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,522  j  in  1880, 
32,463 ;  in  1890,  27,739. 

Waldo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  6^  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Talladega.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Waldo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  At- 
lantic, Grulf  &  West  India  Transit  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Gainesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Waldo,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.     Pop.  1051. 

Waldo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast,     ^op.  of  the  township,  648. 

Waldo,  Webster  co.,  Mo.     See  Bloomington. 

Waldo,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Waldo  town- 
ship, on  the  Whetstone  River,  about  13  miles  N.  of  Dela- 
ware, and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marion.  Pop.  247  ;  of  the 
township,  1029. 

Waldo,  a  post-village  of  Josephine  oo.,  Oregon,  about 
50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  several 
stores,  and  2  saw-mills.     Copper  is  found  here. 

Waldo,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  in  Lyn- 
den  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  49  miles 
N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  an  elevator,  3  stores,  and  2  hotels. 
Pop.  125. 

Waldoborough,  w3I'do-bur-rfih,  a  post-town  and  port 
of  entry  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  in  Waldoborough  township, 
on  Muscongus  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Muscongus  River,  about 
15  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  is  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln 
Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Rockland,  and  19  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Wiscasset.  It  is  the  most  populous  town  in  the  county,  and 
contains  a  custom-house,  2  national  banks,  50  stores,  a  hotel 
called  the  Medomac  House,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3 
churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-building  and  the 
joast-trade,  and  is  noted  for  well-constructed  ships.  The 
surface  of  the  township  is  diversified  by  high  hills  and 
deep  valleys.  It  was  settled  by  a  German  colony  in  1749. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  3758;  in  1890,  3506. 

Waldo  Station,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad. 

Waldron,  wS^l'drpn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Poteau  River,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort 
Smith.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house,  2  hotels, 
2  churches,  and  3  steam  grist-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Waldron,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co..  III.,  in 
Aroma  township,  on  the  Kankakee  River,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4i  miles  S.E.  of 
Kankakee  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  large  ice-house.    Pop.  400. 

Waldron,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.E.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  wagon-shop.    Pop.  500. 

Waldron,  a  post-office  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich. 

Waldron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St. 
Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  16i  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Kansas  City.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Waldron,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Waldron's  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district 
of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  24  miles  from 
Twillingate.     Pop.  80. 

Waldsassen,  ♦ilt'sis^s^n,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  Eger,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Baireuth.     Pop.  2058. 

Waldsee,  ^ilt'si\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate, 
circle  and  6  miles  N.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  1586. 

Waldsee,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Danube,  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ulm.  Pop.  2430.  It  has  a  church  resorted 
to  in  pilgrimage,  and  a  castle  of  the  princes  of  Waldburg. 

Waldshut,  ♦ilt'shoot^  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Upper  Rhine,  on  the  Rhine,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Schafi"- 
hausen.     Pop.  2347. 

Waldstadter-See.     See  Lake  of  Lucerne. 

M''aldstatt,  ♦ilt'stitt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1052. 


Waldst&tter,  Die  Vier,  dee  fecR  *ilt'st4t't§r  ("  the 
four  forest  towns  or  cantons"),  a  name  anciently  and  still 
sometimes  given  to  the  four  Swiss  cantons  Uri,  Schwytz, 
Unterwalden,  and  Lucerne, — probably  from  the  extensive 
forests  with  which  they  were  once  covered. 

Waldiirn,  ♦il'dilRn,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wurzburg.  Pop.  3163.  It  has 
a  church,  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage,  a  castle,  a  convent,  and 
S  annual  fairs. 

Wald'wick,  a  post-township  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  about 
38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  valuable  lead-mines. 
Pop.  914. 

Waleni,  or  Valeni,  vi-li'nee,  a  small  town  of  Walla- 
chia,  50  miles  N.  of  Bucharest.     Near  it  are  beds  of  salt. 

Wales,  wailz  (Welsh,  Oymry,  kjm'ree;  Fr.  Galles,  gi.\\, 
or  PayH  des  Galles,  pi'e  di  gill ;  Sp.  Gales,  gi'lfis ;  L. 
Cam'hria,  or  Wallia  ;  anc.  Britun'uia  Secun'da),  a  princi- 
pality in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Great  Britain,  giving  the  title 
of  Prince  of  Wales  to  the  heir-apparent  of  the  British 
crown ;  having  E.  the  English  counties  of  Chester,  Salop, 
Hereford,  and  Monmouth,  and  on  other  sides  the  Bristol 
and  St.  George's  Channels  and  the  Irish  Sea.  The  area, 
population,  and  subdivisions  are  as  follows : 


(bounties. 

Area  in 
sq.  m. 

Pop.  in  1891. 

County  towns. 

302 
719 
693 
947 
577 
613 
264 
855 
602 
758 
615 
432 

50,079 

57,031 

62,596 

130,574 

118,225 

117,950 

77,189 

687,147 

49,204 

58,tX)3 

89,125 

21,791 

Cardigan „ 

Cardigan. 

Denbigh. 
Mold. 

FUut 

Cardiff. 

Dolgelly. 
Montgomery. 

Total 

7,377 

1,518,914 

Of  the  above  counties,  Anglesey,  Carnarvon,  Denbigh, 
Flint,  Merioneth,  and  Montgomery  compose  North  Wales; 
while  South  Wales  consists  of  the  counties  of  Brecon,  Car- 
digan, Carmarthen,  Glamorgan,  Radnor,  and  Pembroke. 
Except  the  island  Anglesey,  which  has  a  level  or  undu- 
lating surface,  nearly  all  of  AVales,  especially  its  north  half, 
is  mountainous,  many  of  its  summits  rising  to  from  2000 
to  3500  feet.  Chief  rivers,  the  Severn,  Wye,  Usk,  Towy, 
Teify,  Dovy,  Conway,  Clwyd,  and  Dee,  the  vales  of  some 
of  which  are  very  fertile.  Its  lakes  are  insignificant;  its 
principal  inlets  are  on  the  W.  coast,  Carnarvon  and  Car- 
digan Bays,  St.  Bride's  Bay,  and  Milford  Haven;  on  the 
S.  Carmarthen  and  Swansea  Bays,  separated  by  the  penin- 
sula of  Gower ;  and  on  the  N.  the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  and 
the  harbors  of  Beaumaris  and  Holyhead.  Principal  head- 
lands. Great  Ormes  Head,  Briaco-y-Pwll,  and  St.  David's 
Head.  Agriculture  is  backward.  Mining  industry  is  highly 
important.  Iron,  copper,  lead,  silver,  slate,  limestone,  and 
in  the  S.  large  quantities  of  coal  are  mined,  which  is  ex- 
tensively exported  and  used  on  the  spot  for  smelting  both 
British  and  foreign  ores.  The  principal  iron-works  are  at 
and  around  Merthyr-Tydvil,  Tredegar,  Aberdare,  and  Ru- 
abon  :  at  Swansea  large  quantities  of  American  and  other 
copper  ores  are  reduced.  Manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics, 
especially  of  flannel  and  hosiery,  are  very  generally  pursued 
in  the  cottages  of  the  peasantry,  particularly  in  North 
Wales,  where  Welshpool  is  the  chief  mart  for  these  prod- 
ucts. The  cotton-manufacture  has  extended  into  some 
of  the  N.  counties,  where  also  many  hands  are  employed 
in  woollen-,  flax-,  and  silk-factories.  There  is  a  manufac- 
tory of  slate  articles  at  Bangor.  Trade  principally  in  the 
export  of  mineral  produce,  cattle,  and  woollen  goods.  Prin- 
cipal ports,  Swansea,  Newport,  Cardiff,  Carnarvon,  and 
Beaumaris ;  besides  which,  Holyhead  is  a  chief  packet- 
station  for  communication  with  Ireland,  and  Milford  is  a 
naval  port  and  the  seat  of  a  government  dock-yard.  Rail- 
way communication  extends  in  theN.  from  Chester  to  Holy- 
head, and  S.  to  Merthyr-Tydvil,  and  in  the  S.  from  Cardiff 
to  Haverford-AVest.  Wales  is  in  the  ecclesiastical  province 
of  Canterbury,  and  is  divided  into  the  four  bishoprics  of 
Llandaff,  St.  David's,  Bangor,  and  St.  Asaph.  It  contains 
13  boroughs,  besides  contributory  boroughs,  each  of  which 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons,  as  does  each 
of  its  counties.  Wales  is  still  inhabited  by  the  aboriginal 
Celtic  race,  who  speak  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic  language 
called  the  British  or  Cambrian.  The  country  was  entitled 
Britannia  Seeunda  by  the  Romans,  who  constructed  many 


WAL 


2751 


WAL 


roads  and  stations  in  the  country.  Memorials  of  its  past 
history  abound,  in  the  form  of  cromlechs,  camps,  abbeys, 
castles,  Ac.  It  maintained  a  successful  struggle  against  the 
Saxons,  and  was  not  wholly  subdued  by  the  Normans  until 
1284,  since  which  era  the  heir-apparent  of  the  English 

throne  has  always  held  the  title  of  Prince  of  Wales. Adj. 

Welsh;  inhab.  Welshman.    See  Great  Britain. 
Wales,  Ogle  co..  111.    See  Lightsville. 
Wales,  wailz,  a  post-township  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me., 
aboat  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Sabattus  Pond,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  556. 

Wales,  a  post-village  in  Wales  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Monson  Station,  and  about  22 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1020. 

Wales,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wales  township,  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1616. 

Wales,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wales  township,  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia  Rail- 
road, and  contains  Wales  Centre  and  South  Wales,  at  the 
latter  of  which  is  Wales  Station.  Pop.  of  township,  1439. 
Wales,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  15  miles 
W.  of  Gallipolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wales,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  on  the  San 
Pete  River,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  York.  It  has  a 
church. 

Wales,  or  Dick'inson's   Landing   Station,  a 
post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  77  miles  W.  of  Montreal.     It  contains  2  hotels 
aud  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 
*  Walesborough,  Indiana.    See  Wailesborough. 

Walesca,  w61-es'ki,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co., 
6a.,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  an  academy  and 
2  churches. 

Wales  Centre,  a  post- village  in  Wales  township,  Erie 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
falo.    It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Wales  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Pulaski. 

Walesville,  wailz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
paper-mill  on  Oriskany  Creek.     Pop.  115. 

Walet,  wiM5t',  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  260  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Timbuctoo. 

Walfish,  Walfisch  (wftl'fish),  or  Walvisch,  wil'- 
vish  (i.e.,  "  Whale")  Bay,  a  harbor  of  South  Africa,  extend- 
ing along  its  W.  coast  for  20  miles,  terminated  southward 
by  Pelican  Point,  in  lat.  22°  52'  5"  S.,  Ion.  14°  27'  E.,  and 
formerly  frequented  by  whaling-vessels  (whence  its  name). 
Walhain,  wil'lain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Kewaunee  River,  about  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
the  town  of  Green  Bay. 

Walhain- Sain t-Paul-Sartlez- Walhain,  vir- 
hiN»'  s&No  pol  saRtMi'  v&rhiN"',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Brabant,  on  the  Nil,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels. 
Pop.  1 772. 

Walhalla,  w61-hal'la,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co., 
N.D.,  on  Pembina  River,  27  miles  W.  of  St.  Vincent,  Minn. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Walhalla,  a  post-vill<age,  summer  resort,  and  capital 
of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.,  in  AVagoner  township,  on  the  Blue 
Ridge  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Anderson,  and  about  5 
miles  from  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  820. 

Walhonding,  wol-hon'ding,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshoc- 
ton co.,0.,  in  New  Castle  township,  21  miles  E.  of  Mount 
Vernon.     Coal  is  mined  here. 
Walhonding  River,  Ohio.    See  Mohican  River. 
Walincourt,  vS.M&N»'kooR',  a   village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2526. 

Walk'chalk,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa. 
Walkenried,  MrkQn-reot\  a  market-town  of  Bruns- 
wick, district  and  20   miles  S.W.  of  Blankenburg,  on  the 
Wieda,  with  an  ancient  abbey.     Pop.  825. 

Walker,  waw'k^r,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, haa  an  area  of  about  824  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Mulberry  and  Black  Abater  Rivers  and  Lost  Creek. 
The  Black  AVarrior  River  touches  the  S.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills,  fertile  valleys,  and 
extensive  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  is  bituminous  coal.     Capital,  Jasper. 


This  county  is  traversed  by  several  railroad  lines,  two  of 
which  converge  at  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6543;  in 
1880,9479;  in  1890,  16,078. 

Walker,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  Alabama  &  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  400 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chickamauga,  Chat- 
tooga, and  Little  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  and  presents 
beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  Missionary  Ridge, 
noted  as  a  battle-field,  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  minerals  are  gypsum  and  limestone.  White's  "Statis- 
tics of  Georgia"  states  that  marble  and  lead  are  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Georgia.  Capital,  Lafayette.  Pop.  in  1870,  9925;  in 
1880,  11,056;  in  1890,  13,282. 

Walker,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  740  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Trinity  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  San  Jacinto  River, 
which  rises  in  it.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  live-oak,  ash,  pecan, 
walnut,  cypress,  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is  fertile.    Cot- 
ton, cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  near  its  eastern  border  by  the  In- 
ternational <k  Great  Northern  Railroad.     Capital,  Hunts- 
ville.    Pop.  in  1870,  9776 ;  in  1880, 12,024;  in  1890, 12,874. 
Walker,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal. 
Walker,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.     Pop.  1474. 
Walker,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  281 
Walker,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1081. 
Walker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of 
Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  a  church. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  891. 
Walker,  a  post-hamlet  in  AValker  township,  Ellis  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of 
Hays  City.     A  colony  settled  here  in  1872. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1884. 
Walker,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3492. 
Walker,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Nevada. 
Walker,  Centre  co..  Pa.    See  Jacksonville. 
Walker,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  978. 
Walker,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1608. 
Walker,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gal- 
veston, Ilarrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of 
Richmond. 

Walker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Walker  Lake,  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  is  nearly  28  miles 
long,  and  about  10  miles  wide.  It  is  supplied  with  water 
by  Walker  River,  and  has  no  outlet. 

Walker  River  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  in  Mono  co., 
Cal.,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  Nevada.  It  runs  north- 
ward through  Esmeralda  co.,  and  irrigates  part  of  Lyon  co. 
It  finally  flows  southeastward,  and  enters  the  N.  end  of 
AValker  Lake. 

Walker  River,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Nev.,  46 
miles  from  Carson  City. 

Walker's  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Bland  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  New  River  in  Giles  co.,  about  6 
miles  E.  of  Pearisburg. 

Walker's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River. 

Walker's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Camden. 

W^alker's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  1 1  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Walker's  Mountain,  Virginia,  a  long  ridge  which  is 
a  few  miles  N.W.  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  nearly  parallel  to 
the  same.  It  extends  from  the  vicinity  of  New  Castle,  Craig 
CO.,  nearly  to  Abingdon. 

Walker's  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-office  of  Stevens 
CO.,  AVashington. 

Walker  Station,  a  post-office  of  Dougherty  co.,  6a., 
on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  lOi  miles  S.A\\  of  Albany. 

Walker  Station,  a  post- village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Clarksvillo. 
It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores. 

Walkerstown,  waw'k^rs-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  For- 
syth CO.,  N.C.,  about  22  miles  AY.N.W.  of  Greensborough. 
It  has  a  church. 

Walkersville,  waw'k^rs-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fred- 
erick CO.,  Md.,  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick  City. 


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Walkersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.C.,  about 
86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charlotte, 

Walkersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  41 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Walkerton,  waw'k^r-tQn,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  & 
Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.B.  of  La  Porte,  and  72  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Chicago.  It  has  a  money-order  post-ofiBoe,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  <fco.  Pop. 
about  800. 

Walkerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Mattaponj  River,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  flouring- mill. 

Walkerton,  waw'k^r-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Ontario, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Bruce,  on  the  Saugeen  River,  and  on 
the  Wellington,  Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railroad,  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Guelph.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  branch  bank,  3 
printing-offices,  6  hotels,  4  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  sev- 
eral mills,  and  about  25  stores.     Pop.  1200. 

Walker  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pine  Bush  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Walkerville,  waw'k^r-vil,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co., 
111.,  in  Walkerville  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Jack- 
sonville. The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Illinois  River. 
Pop.  800. 

Walkerville,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
e>.  of  Shenandoah  Station. 

Walkerville,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Silver 
Bow  CO.,  Montana,  13  miles  from  Butte  City.  Here  are 
Bilver-mines.     Pop.  in  1880,  444  ;  in  1890,  1743. 

Walkerville,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Detroit  River,  2  miles  from  Windsor.  It  contains  a 
distillery,  and  several  stores  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  200. 

Walici,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Valki. 

Walkriiigen,  ♦ilk'ring-^n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  E.N.E,  of  Bern.     P.  2045. 

Wall,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  111.     Pop.  588. 

Wall,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  3829. 

Wall,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14i  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wal'labout  Bay,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  is  a  bight  of  the 
East  River,  of  a  semicircular  form,  and  partly  enclosed  by 
!in  island.     Here  is  a  navy-yard  of  the  United  States. 

Wal'laby  Islands,  two  small  islands  of  the  Abrolhos 
group,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia. 

Wal'lace,  a  county  in  the  extreme  W.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, borders  on  Colorado.  It  is  drained  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  River  and  its  branches.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  soil  produces  natural  pasture,  but  is  uncultivated. 
This  county  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Plains,  and  is  nearly 
destitute  of  timber.  It  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Sharon  Springs.  Pop. 
in  1870,  538  J  in  1880,  686;  in  1890,2468. 

Wallace,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  HI.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Fielding. 

Wallace,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.     Pop.  734. 

Wallace,  Fountain  co,,  Ind.    See  Jacksonville. 

Wallace,  a  post-village  of  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  a  division  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  282  miles  W.  of  Junction  City. 

Wallace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of 
Winthrop. 

Wallace,  a  post-village  in  Avoca  township,  Steuben 
30.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bath.  It 
has  2  Saw-mills. 

Wallace,  a  post-office  of  Taos  co..  New  Mexico. 

Wallace,  Duplin  co.,  N.C.    See  Duplin  Roads. 

Wallace,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  West  Chester.     Pop.  746. 

Wallace,  a  post-office  of  Uvalde  co.,  Tex.,  110  miles 
W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Wallace,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  W.  Va.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Wallace,  Washington.    See  Freeport. 

Wallace  (formerly  Fred'ericktown),  a  seaport 
town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on  Northumber- 
land Strait,  16  miles  from  Wentworth,  and  20  miles  from 
Thomson.  It  contains  4  churches,  about  15  stores,  a  tan- 
nery, a  saw-mill,  and  a  boot-  and  shoe-factory.  In  the 
vicinity  are  extensive  quarries  of  limestone  and  gypsum. 
Ship-building  is  carried  on.     Pop.  400. 

Wallace,  a  county  of  New  South  Wales,  bordering 
Victoria  (/olony,  and  surrounded  by  the  cos.  of  Wellesley, 


Beresford,  Cowley,  and  Buccleugh.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, covered  by  the  Australian  Alps,  and  watered  by 
head-streams  of  the  Murray. 

Wallace  Bridge,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  IJ  miles  from  Wallace.     Pop.  150. 

Wal'laceburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark., 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Wallaceburg,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in 
Kent  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Sydenham,  17  miles  N.W,  of 
Chatham,  It  contains  2  churches,  7  hotels,  about  a  dozen 
stores,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Wallace  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-office.  Grimes  co.,  Tex. 

Wallace  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  5  miles  from  Wallace.     Pop.  150. 

Wallace  River,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  19i  miles  from 
Londonderry.     It  contains  3  stores  and  2  saw-mills. 

Wallace  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.  of  Rochester,  Pa. 

Wallace's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

Wallace's  Switch,  post-office,  AVashington  co.,  Va. 

Wal'laceton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Tyrone  <fc  Clearfield  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Phil- 
lipsburg.     It  haa  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wal'lacetown,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  oo.,  Ontario, 
18  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Thomas  West.  It  has  7  stores,  a  cheese, 
factory,  planing-mill,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Wal'laceviIIe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Dearborn  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  hai 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wallaceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  oil-barrels. 

Wallachia,orWalachia,w6l-li'ke-a(Ger.  TTaZacAct, 
♦4-li-Ki';  Fr.  FaZac/n'e,  or  Faia^uie,  viMl^kee' ;  Sp.  Fa/a- 
quia,  vi-li-kee'fli ;  L.  Vala'chia,  or  Wala'chia),  one  of  the 
former  Danubian  principalities  of  Europe,  now  a  part  of 
Roumania,  between  lat.  43°  40'  and  45°  40'  N.,  and  ex- 
tending from  about  Ion.  22°  30'  to  the  Black  Sea.  It  is 
bounded  N.  and  N.W.  partly  by  the  Carpathians  (which 
separate  it  from  Transylvania  and  the  Banat  of  Hungary) 
and  partly  by  Moldavia  and  Russia ;  W.  and  S.  by  Servia 
and  Bulgaria,  from  which  it  is  principally  separated  by  the 
Danube ;  and  E.  by  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  about  31,000 
square  miles.  Its  surfiice  may  be  regarded  as  a  vast  in- 
clined plane,  sloping  from  the  Carpathians  towards  the 
Danube.  Among  the  mountains  of  the  N.  and  W.  the 
elevation  averages  from  3000  to  4000  feet,  but  rises  in  par- 
ticular summits  to  7000  feet,  and  in  Mount  Buthest  exceeds 
8000  feet ;  but  this  elevation  is  soon  succeeded  by  a  region 
of  hills  and  undulating  plains,  which  finally  merge  into 
extensive  flats,  often  swampy.  Wallachia  has  valuable 
mines  of  rock  salt,  and  abundance  of  petroleum  and  as- 
phaltum.  Copper,  gold,  iron,  silver,  lead,  sulphur,  and 
marble  are  also  found  here,  but  they  bave  not  been  devel- 
oped to  much  extent.  The  drainage  belongs  to  the  basin 
of  the  Danube,  which  receives  on  its  left  bank  numerous 
affluents,  among  which  are  the  Schyl,  Aloota,  united  Vode 
and  Teliorman,  Arjish,  Jalomnitza,  and  Sereth. 

The  climate  in  the  mountainous  districts  is  severe,  but 
the  soil  is  fertile.  With  very  imperfect  culture,  wheat, 
barley,  and  maize  are  everywhere  raised  in  abundance. 
Tobacco,  hops,  and  flax  are  also  extensively  grown;  the 
vine  thrives  well,  and  there  is  a  profusion  of  all  the  ordi- 
nary fruits.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared  in  vaat 
numbers.  The  manufactures  are  insignificant.  The  in- 
habitants are  chiefly  pure  Wallachians,  who  are  believed  to 
have  descended  without  much  intermixture  from  the  an- 
cient Dacians.     They  mostly  belong  to  the  Greek  church. 

Chief  town,  Bucharest.    Pop.  about  4,000,000. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Wallachian,  w5l-li'ke-an,  and  Wallace,  wftl'- 
liK  (Fr.  Valaque,  vi'lik';  Ger*  adj.  Wallachisch,  Ml'- 
li-Kish ;  inhab.  Wallace,  ♦il'liK).    See  Roumania. 

Wallajabad,  wil-li-ji-bid',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Chingleput,  with 
extensive  military  cantonments. 

Wallamette,  a  river  of  Oregon.    See  Willamette. 

Wallanchoon,  w6ri5,n-choon',  or  Walloong,  wfiP- 
loong',  a  large  village  of  Eastern  Nepaul,  on  the  Wallan- 
choon or  Tambur  River,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mount  Ever- 
est, and  10,385  feet  above  sea-level.  It  has  some  transit 
trade  with  Thibet  through  the  Wallanchoon  Pass,  16,766 
feet  high,  and  about  two  days'  journey  to  the  N. 

Wallarob'ba,  a  village  of  New  South  Wales,  Aus- 
tralia, CO.  of  Durham,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Clarence,  in  a  fin« 
grazing-district,  between  Paterson  and  William  Rivers 


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Wallastook  River,  Maine.  See  Walloostook  River. 

Walla  Walla,  w&ri%  wdl'l^,  a  small  river  which  rises 
on  or  near  the  N.  border  of  Oregon.  It  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Columbia  River  at  Wallula,  in  Washington. 

Walla  Walla,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Washing- 
ton, borders  on  Oregon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Snake  or  Lewis  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Columbia 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Walla  Walla  River.  The 
surface  is  partly  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Vol- 
canic rocks  underlie  a  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Oregon  Short  Line  Branch  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railway  and  by  the  Washington  &  Columbia  River 
Railway.  Capital,  Walla  Walla.  Pop.  in  1870,  5300 ;  in 
1880,  8716;  in  1890,  12,224. 

Walla  Walla,  a  city,  capital  of  Walla  Walla  co.,  Wash- 
ington, is  situated  in  a  valley,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
about  160  miles  E.  by  N.  of  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  and  75 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho.  It  is  the  E.  terminus 
of  the  Walla  Walla  <&  Columbia  River  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains several  hotels,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  2  banks,  several 
flour-mills,  8  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, sash,  doors,  &o.     Pop.  in  1870, 1394 ;  in  1890,  4709. 

Wall'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Walldorf,  Mll'donf,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  principality  and  4  miles  N.  of  Meiningen,  on 
the  Werra.     Pop.  1516. 

Walldurn,  a  town  of  Baden.     See  WaldIJbn. 

Wal'le,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D. 

Walled  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
on  a  small  lake  of  its  own  name,  2  miles  from  Wixom 
Station,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wal'leii,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township,  Allen 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Wallendorf,  <^a,l'l§n-doRr  (Hun.  Olaazi,  oUos'see^),  a 
town  of  North  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  the  Hernad,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Leutschau.     Pop.  3000. 

Wallenfels,  *ai'l§n-f5ls\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle 
of  Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Rodach,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kro- 
nach.     Pop.  1630. 

WaPlenpau'pack  Creek,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
-ylvania,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Pike  and 
VVayne  cos.,  and  enters  the  Lackawaxon  at  Hawley. 

Wallenstadt,  ^41'l§n-stitt\  a  lake  and  small  toivn  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall ;  the  lake  (in  German  Wal- 
lenstadter-See,  *iri§n-stfit't§r-si')  is  11  miles  in  length 
by  2  miles  across,  9  miles  S.E.  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Linth  Canal.  Shores  moun- 
tainous and  grand,  the  precipices  along  its  N.  side  being 
2000  to  3000  feet  high.  It  receives  the  rivers  Linth  and 
Seez.  The  town  Wallenstadt,  at  its  E.  extremity,  is  a  depot 
for  the  transit  trade  between  Germany  and  Italy,    P.  2705. 

Wal'lenstein,  a  post- village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
19i  miles  from  Listowell.     Pop.  100. 

Wal'ler,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Brazos  River.  The  surface  is  slightly 
undulating.  Indian  corn  and  cotton  are  among  its  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hempstead.     Pop.  in  1880,  9024  j  in  1890,10,888. 

Waller,  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Massievillb. 

Waller,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Pa. 

Wall'er,  a  station  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hempstead,  Tex. 

Wallerfangen,  Ml'l^r-filng^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  government  of  Treves,  on  the  Saar. 

Wallern,  Ml'l^rn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  and  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  2712. 

Wallers,  vilMaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  arron- 
dissement  of  Valenciennes,  on  the  railway  from  Calais  to 
Paris,  1  mile  from  Valenciennes.     Pop.  3475. 

Wallerstein,  '^S.l'I^r-stine^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle 
of  Swabia,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  1402.  It 
has  a  castle,  the  residence  of  the  Princes  Oettingen- Wal- 
lerstein. 

Wal'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  a  church. 

Wall -Faced  Mountain,  New  York,  one  of  the  Adi- 
rondacks,  is  in  Essex  co.,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Mount  Seward, 
and  3  miles  W.  of  Mount  Mclntyre,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  a  deep  narrow  gorge  called  Adirondack  Pass.  This 
pass  is  2800  feet  above  tide-water.  On  one  side  of  it  rises 
an  immense  precipice  1000  feet  perpendicular.  It  is  de- 
scribed by  Prof.  Emmons  in  thes«  terms :  "  The  object  of 
greatest  interest  is  the  perpendicular  precipice  of  1000  feet, 
— a  naked  wall  of  rock.     The  face  of  this  wall  rises  from 


the  midst  of  an  immense  mass  of  loose  rocks,  which  bar* 
been  falling  from  its  side  from  time  immemorial,  and  prob- 
ably the  bottom  of  this  perpendicular  precipice  is  really  as 
deep  below  as  its  top  is  high  above  the  surface.  The  whole 
rock  exposed  is  the  nypersthene." 

Wallhausen,  Ml'hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
government  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Helme,  4  miles  W.  of 
Sangershausen.     Pop.  1514. 

Wall  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  17 
miles  W.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 
Pop.  75. 

Wallia,  a  Latin  name  of  Wales. 

Wal'lingford,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough 
and  town  of  England,  chiefly  in  the  co.  of  Berks,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges, 
12i  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  Pop.  of  municipal  borough  in 
1891,  2989.  The  town  has  3  churches,  a  town  hall,  market- 
house,  small  jail,  and  various  dissenting  chapels.  It  has 
some  trade  in  malt,  corn,  and  flour,  and  communicates  by 
canals  with  Bath  and  Bristol.  The  borough  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  confers  the  title  of  Vis- 
count on  the  Earl  of  Banbury.  The  Wallingford-Road  Sta- 
tion of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  3  miles  from  the  town, 
is  47i  miles  N.W.  of  London. 

Wal'lingford,  a  post-borough  in  Wallingford  township, 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Quinepiao 
River  and  the  New  Haven,  Hartford  <fc  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Haven,  and  24  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  a  town  hall,  4  churches,  an 
elegant  summer  hotel,  a  high  school,  and  a  banking-house, 
and  has  manufactures  of  britannia-ware,  silver-ware,  and 
buttons.  The  Boston  <fc  New  York  Air-Line  Railroad  (sta- 
tion at  East  Wallingford)  passes  through  this  township. 
Pop.  of  the  borough  (1890),  4230;  of  the  township,  6584. 

Wallingford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilton  township.  Will 
CO.,  111.,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Joliet. 

Wallingford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  IJ  miles 
E.  of  Media. 

Wallingford,  a  post-village  in  Wallingford  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek  and  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Rutland,  and  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Killington  Peak.  It  contains  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school,  and  has  manufactures  of  hay-forks,  doors,  sash,  and 
blinds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1733. 

Wal'lington,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Sodus  Point  &  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake 
Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Sodus  Point. 

Wal'lin's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Wal'linsville,  a  hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Sau- 
gatuck  township,  2  miles  from  Saugatuck  village.  It  has  a 
tSinnery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Wallis,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.     See  Valais. 

Wal'lisburg,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tex. 

Wslllischbirken,  *4riish-bggR^k§n,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2293. 

WaI'lis  Creek,  of  New  South  Wales,  East  Australia, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  flows  N.,  dividing  the  boroughs  of 
East  and  West  Maitland,  and  joins  the  river  Hunter. 

WaI'lis  Island,  of  New  South  Wales,  East  Australia, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  in  Port  Hunter,  opposite  Fullarton 
Cove.     Lat.  10°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  142°  4'  E. 

Wallis  Island  (native,  Uea,  oo-i'i),  the  principal  of 
a  group  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  13°  24'  S.;  Ion. 
176°  10'  W. 

Wallis  Lake,  of  New  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glouoestei, 
bordering  the  coast  near  Cape  Hawke.  Length,  10  miles; 
breadth,  5  miles. 

Wallis  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Wal'lisville,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Chambers  co., 
Tex.,  on  Trinity  River,  about  42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Galves- 
ton.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  27. 

Wall 'kill,  a  township  of  Orange  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1 1,486. 
It  contains  Middletown. 

Wallkill  River  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  from  which 
it  passes  into  Orange  co.,  N.Y.  It  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  di- 
rection, intersects  Orange  and  Ulster  cos.,  and  unites  with 
the  Rondout  River  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Ron- 
dout.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Wall  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa. 

Wall  Lake,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.     P.  230. 

Wallo'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Princeton.  It  contains  a  church  and  the  Wallo- 
nia  Institute. 

Walloom'sac,asmall  river  which  rises  in  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  runs  northwestward  into  New  York,  and  enters  thn 
Hoosac  River  at  or  near  Hoosic  Junction. 


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H'alloomsac,  a  station  of  the  Troy  &  Boston  Rail- 
road, 27i  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  N.Y. 

Walloong,  a  village  of  Nepaul.     See  Wallanchook. 

Warioostook'  (or  Wal^lastook')  River,  Maine, 
rises  in  Somerset  oo.,  and  runs  nearly  northeastward  into 
Aroostook  co.  It  unites  with  the  St.  Francis  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Maine  and  Canada  to  form  the  St.  John  River. 

Wal'lowa,  a  post-village  of  "Wallowa  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Wallowa  River,  near  its  source  in  a  lake  of  the  same  name, 
6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Enterprise. 

Wall'pack  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wallpack  town- 
ship, Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Newton.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  647. 

Wall  Rose,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  17  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Pittsburg. 

Walls  and  Flo'ta,  a  united  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Orkney,  comprising  the  S.  half  of  the  island  of  Hoy,  with 
the  islands  of  Flota,  Faray,  Cava,  and  Grsemsay. 

Walls  and  Sand^ness',  a  united  parish  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Shetland,  comprising  the  westernmost  part  of  the 
Shetland  Mainland  aud  the  islands  of  Fowla,  Linga,  Papa- 
Stour,  and  Vaila. 

Wall's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va.,  on 
Blackwater  River. 

Walls'burg,  a  post-office  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah. 

Wall's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co., 
Md.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Laurel  Station.  It  has  several 
churches  near  it. 

Walls 'end,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, 4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newcastle,  and  intersected  by  the 
Newcastle  A  Shields  Railway.  Pop.  4169,  chiefly  engaged 
in  collieries,  but  partly  in  lime-kilns,  manufactures  of  cop- 
peras and  earthenwares,  and  ship-building.  The  Wallsend 
coal  is  of  very  superior  quality,  and  upwards  of  2,000,000 
tons  are  annually  imported  into  London. 

Wall's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Wallstadt,  ♦ill'stitt.  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline, 
two  contiguous  market-towns  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Lower 
Franconia,  on  the  Main,  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  WUrzburg. 
Pop.  of  the  former,  1317;  of  the  latter,  1805. 

Wall  Street,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
W.  of  Pleasanton. 

Walls'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Dalton,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Wal'lula,  u  post-village  of  Walla  Walla  co.,  Washing- 
ton, on  the  Columbia  River,  32  miles  W.  of  Walla  Walla. 
It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Walla  Walla  &  Columbia  River 
Railroad,  and  is  the  chief  shipping-point  for  the  Walla 
Walla  Valley.     Pop.  about  750. 

Wal'mer,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  E. 
coast,  comprising  the  villages  of  Upper  Walmer,  which 
adjoins  Deal,  and  Lower  Walmer.  The  latter  is  near  the 
shore,  and  contains  a  church,  some  good  residences,  and 
marine  villas,  and  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.  Facing 
the  sea,  opposite  the  Downs,  is  Walmer  Castle,  built  by 
Henry  VIII. 

Wal'mer,  a  post- village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
from  Bright.     Pop.  150. 

Walmsley,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Wamsley's. 

Walins'ley,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Pictou, 
on  Pictou  Harbor,  opening  into  Northumberland  Strait,  115 
miles  N.E.  of  Halifax. 

Wal'ney  Island,  a  chapelry  of  England,  oo.  of  Lan- 
caster, between  Morecambe  Bay  and  the  estuary  of  the 
Duddon.  Length,  9  miles.  At  its  S.  extremity  is  a  light- 
house, and  near  this  the  "  Pile  of  Fowdrey,"  a  castle  for- 
merly of  great  strength,  erected  in  1327  for  the  protection 
af  the  harbor. 

Waluford,  won'ford,  a  post-office  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J..  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton. 

Wal'nut,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 

Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  on  Green  River  and  the  Mendota  <fc  Clinton  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  AV.  of  Mendota,  and  about  18  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Sterling.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1187. 

Walnut,  a  post- village  in  Walnut  township,  Marshall 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Rochester,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Plymouth.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  about  200 ;  of  the 
township,  1972. 
Walnut,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Ind.    P.  1449. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  307. 
Walnut,  a  township  of  Dallas  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  705. 
Walnut,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1076. 
Walnut,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  875. 


Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Layton  township,  Pottawat- 
tamie CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1008. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  782, 
excluding  Seymour. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Atchison  oo.,  Kansas.    P.  1600. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas.     P.  498. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansaa.     Pop.  580. 

Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Crawforl 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  27 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.     Pop.  of  township,  977. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  473. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  620. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas.     P.  490. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  365. 

Walnut,  a  post-office  of  Tippah  oo.,  Miss. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  496. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2072 
It  contains  New  Salem. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Gallia  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1732. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  1636. 

Walnut,  Juniata  co..  Pa.    See  Johnstown. 

Walnut  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Marianna. 

Walnut  Bend,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titnsrille 
&  Buffalo  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Oil  City,  Pa. 

Walnut  Blutr,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Walnut  Bottom, a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
is  at  Jacksonville,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle. 

Walnut  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
in  AValnut  township,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Centreville,  and  about 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Walnut  City,  a  village  of  Leflore  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Tallahatchee  River,  35  miles  W.  of  Grenada.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  175. 

Walnut  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  oo.,  N.C.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Kerncrsville. 

Walnut  Creek,  Georgia,  flows  southward  from  Jones 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee  River  at  Macon. 

Walnut  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Pottawattamie  co.,and 
runs  first  southward.  It  intersects  Montgomery  co.,  runs 
Bouthwestward  in  Fremont  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Nish- 
nabatona  River  about  4  miles  N.E.  of  Sidney. 

Walnut  Creek,  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  runs  in  a  S.S.W. 
direction,  and  enters  Whitewater  Creek  about  14  miles  S.W. 
of  El  Dorado. 

Walnut  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  the  western  part  of 
the  state,  runs  eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Ness  and  Rush, 
and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Barton  co.,  about  2  milei 
E.  of  Great  Bend.     It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Walnut  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southward  through  Dela- 
ware CO.,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in  Franklin  co.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Walnut  Creek,  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  enters  the  Colo- 
rado from  the  right,  a  few  miles  below  the  county  seat. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Contra  Costa  oo., 
Cal.,  10  miles  S.  of  Martinez. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas 
Pop.  938. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  parish.  La. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Pleasanton,  Kansas.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Walnut  Creek,  township,  Macon  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  1304. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  oo.,  Neb., 
about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1008. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  in  the  E. 
part  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Massil- 
lon.     Pop.  1321. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex. 

Walnut  Field,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  from  Bristol.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etowah  oo.,  Ala.,  in 
Murphree's  Valley,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Independence  oo..  Ark. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  oo.,  Cal., 
on  the  Sacramento  or  Cosumne  River,  32  miles  S.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  has  daily  communication  with  San  Francisco 
by  steamers. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  U  nilea 
N.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 


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2755 


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Walnut  Grove*  a  post-hatnlet  in  Walnut  Grove  town- 
ship, McDonougli  CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  k 
Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bushnell,  and  23  miles  S. 
of  Monmouth.  The  township  is  also  intersected  by  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1128. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1960.     It  contains  Altona. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Lafayette. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Neosho  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1158. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  912. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  station  in  Redwood  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  53i  miles  W.  of  New  Ulm. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Leake  co..  Miss.,  17 
miles  N.  of  Forest.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  steam 
mill,  and  4  stores. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  steam 
flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  former  hamlet  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J., 
now  Mount  Frkedom. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1698. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C,  15  miles 
from  Kernersville.    It  has  a  tannery  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Walnut  Grove,  township,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     P.  1005. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C, 
about  85  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Walnut  Grove,  Texas.    See  Red  River  City. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Ark., 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Red  River,  and  44  miles  N.  of  Shreve- 
port,  La.     It  has  a  church. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  111.,  5  miles 
B.E.  of  Centralia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  parish.  La.,  about 
65  miles  N.W.  of  Opelousas. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua 
Railroad,  lOi  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  35 
miles  E.  of  Overton.  It  ha«  an  academy  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Walnut  liake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  42 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Walnut  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walnut  Lake  town- 
ship, Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Man- 
kato,  and  3  miles  S.  of  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad. 
Here  is  a  small  lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  376. 

Walnut  (iand'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northwest  Branch  of  Nanticoke  River,  i  mile  from  its 
mouth,  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Seaford,  Del.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Walnut  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky. 

Walnut  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Walnut  Port,  a  hamlet  in  Lehigh  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River  and  the  Lehigh  A 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Slatington.  It  has  a 
slate-quarry  and  a  manufactory  of  school-slates. 

Walnut  Prairie,  Clark  co..  111.    See  Marvin. 

Walnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  120  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rook.     Pop.  301. 

Walnut  Run,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Walnut  Run,  Madison  co.,  0.     See  Newport. 

Walnut  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 
Walnut  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn. 

Walnut  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walnut  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas 
Kailroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 


Walnut  Station,  a  post-office  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  25  miles  8.E.  of 
Marshall. 

Walnut  Station,  Travis  oo.,  Tex.,  is  on  the  Houston 

A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Austin. 

Walnut  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co..  Ark. 

Walnut  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Belvidere. 

Walpole,  wSl'pol,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  IlL, 
about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Carmi. 

Walpole,  a  post-village  in  Walpole  township,  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Boston,  Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu 
factures  of  cotton  and  other  articles.  One  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  here.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Neponset  River,  and  contains  the  villages  of  East  Walpole 
and  South  Walpole.     Pop.  of  the  township   (1890)  2604. 

Walpole,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Walpole 
township,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  4 
miles  below  Bellows  Falls,  and  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  hotel,  several  boarding- 
houses,  a  bridge  across  the  river,  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township   (1890)  2163. 

Walpole  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  New  Cale- 
donia.    Lat.  22°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  169°  2'  E. 

Walpole  Island,  a  large  island  in  the  N.E.  of  Lake 
St.  Clair,  Kent  co.,  Ontario.  It  is  about  10  miles  long,  and 
from  3  to  4  miles  wide,  and  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Indians. 
Walpole  Island  Post-Office,  on  this  island,  is  10  miles  from 
Wallaceburg. 

Wal'sall,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough, 
town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Tame, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  London  A  Northwestern  Railway, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  of  parliamentary 
borough  in  1881,  59,402  j  in  1891,  71,789.  The  town  has 
a  handsome  church  in  a  commanding  situation,  St.  Paul's 
chapel,  2  Roman  Catholic  and  various  other  chapels,  an 
old  town  hall  and  jail,  a  grammar-school,  almshouses,  na- 
tional blue-coat  and  other  schools,  subscription-  and  news- 
rooms. Saddlers'  and  coaohmakers'  ironmongery  and  do- 
mestic iron  utensils  are  the  staple  articles  of  trade ;  it  has 
also  several  brass-  and  iron-foundries,  extensive  coal-  and 
lime-works,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  malt.  The  town 
was  fortified  by  Ethelfleda,  daughter  of  Alfred,  and  was  a 
royal  demesne  at  the  Conquest.  It  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Walscheid,  -^^il'shite  (Fr.  pron.  vil'shi'  or  vil^shid'), 
a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Saarburg. 
Pop.  of  commune,  1906. 

Walscheidt,  ^il'shite,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  of  Treves,  6  miles  N.  of  Saarbriick. 

Wfilschland.     See  Welschland. 

Walschleben,  Mlsh'li'b^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Saxony,  government  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1500. 

Walsenburg,  wSl's^n-biirg,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Huerfano  co..  Col.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Denver  A  Rio 
Grande  Railroad,  176  miles  S.  of  Denver,  and  56  miles  S. 
of  Pueblo.  It  has  a  church,  a  fine  masonic  lodge,  and  an 
extensive  trade  in  wool.     Pop.  in  1890,  928. 

Walsh,  or  Charlotteville  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Simcoe.  It  haa 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  150. 

Wals'ham,  North,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Norfolk,  near  the  river  Ant,  which  is  navigable 
from  Yarmouth  to  Walsham,  6  miles  from  the  E.  coast,  and 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  Pop.  2842.  The  town  has  a 
grammar-school,  several  minor  charities,  a  theatre,  Ao.  In 
the  parish  are  extensive  water-mills. 

Walsham,  South,  a  village  and  district  of  England, 
CO.  of  Norfolk,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yarmouth. 

Walsh  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brighton  township, 
Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  9  miles  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  • 
church. 

Walsh'town,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D. 

Walsh'ville,  a  post-village  in  Walshville  township, 
Montgomery  co..  111.,  about  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  994. 

Walshville,  a  post-office  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D. 

Walsiu^ham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Wolsisqhak. 

Walsingham,  Ontario.    See  Saint  Williams. 

Walsiugham  Centre,  Ontario.  See  Pleasant  Hill. 

Walsrode,  <*^ils'roM?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Bohme.     Pop.  1959. 

Waltenberg,  ^il't^n-bfiRG*,  a  market-town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, CO.  of  Szolnok,  39  miles  N.AV.  of  Klausenburg. 

Walterborough,  wdl'tfr-bilr-riih,  a  post-village,  oapi- 


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tal  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.,  12  miles  N.  of  Green  Pond  Station, 
and  about  45  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Charleston.  It  baa  a  news- 
paper ofSce,  4  churches  for  whites,  and  3  colored  churches. 
Pop.  in  1880,  691 ;  in  1890,  1171. 

Walter  Chap'el)  a  post-ofiBoe  of  Lonoke  oo..  Ark. 

Walter  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
6  miles  N.  of  Murfreesborough.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  2 
stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Walter's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Cessna  Station. 

Waltersburg,  wSl't§rz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope 
30.,  111.,  20  miles  from  New  Burnside. 

Waltersdorf,  ^il't^rs-donr,  a  village  of  Germany, 
Saxony,  circle  of  Bautzen,  on  the  Bohemian  frontier,  7 
miles  W.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  1470. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1240. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 38  miles  S.  of  Berlin. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Germany,  East  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Kbnigsberg. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of 
Saxe-Weimar,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Weida. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  30  miles 
from  Gitschin.     Pop.  1400. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Chrudim, 
on  a  small  stream,  10  miles  from  Landskron.     Pop.  1700. 

Waltersdorf,  Alt,  41t,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  of  Breslau,  circle  of  Habelschwert.     P.  1240. 

Waltersdorf,  WUste,  <^u8't§h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  government  of  Breslau,  circle  of  Waldenburg. 

Walter's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Big  Head  River,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Meaford.  There  is  a 
very  pretty  waterfall  here,  about  50  feet  high.  The  village 
contains  several  mills  and  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Waltershausen,  Mrt§rs-h5w*^en,  a  town  of  Central 
Germany,  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gotha,  on 
the  Bodewasser.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Friedrichroda. 
Pop.  4437.    It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  paper,  leather,  &c. 

Waltershof,  ^S,rters-hor,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper 
Palatinate,  20  miles  E.'of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1109. 

Wal'terville,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Walthall,  wol'thall,  a  station  of  the  Stockton  &  Cop- 
peropolis  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Stockton,  Cal. 

Walthall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co..  Miss., 
about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grenada. 

Walthall,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Tex. 

Walthall's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Waltham,  w6l'tam,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, 4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grimsby,  with  a  station  on  the  East 
Lincolnshire  Railway. 

Wal'tham,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.     Pop.  1115. 

Waltham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  on  Salt 
Creek,  about  22  miles  S.AV.  of  Vinton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Waltham,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Wal- 
tham township,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bangor.  Here  is  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  366. 

Waltham,  a  beautiful  city  of  Massachusetts,  in  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Charles  River, 
and  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  several  fine  churches,  the  New  Church  Institute 
of  Education,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-institution,  water- 
works, electric  lighting  and  gas-works,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  weekly  and  3  daily  newspapers.  The  first 
cotton-mill  in  the  United  States  in  which  all  the  opera- 
tions were  performed  under  one  roof  was  erected  here 
about  1814.  Waltham  has  now  a  large  cotton-factory  and 
bleachery-  and  dye-works  which  employ  about  2000  hands. 
Here  is  also  a  manufactory  of  watches, — the  largest  in  the 
Union, — employing  nearly  3000  men  and  women.  These 
watches  have  a  high  reputation.  Prospect  Hill,  near  here, 
is  about  480  feet  high,  and  affords  an  extensive  view  of  the 
surrounding  country  and  of  Boston.  Pop.  in  1880,  11,712; 
in  1890,  18,707;  in  1894  (estimated),  21,000. 

Waltham,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Austin.     Pop.  555. 

Waltham,  a  township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  249. 

Waltham,  Marathon  co..  Wis.     See  Spencer. 

Waltham,  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Black  River,  a  tributary  of  the  Ottawa  River,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  the  city  of  Ottawa. 

Walt'ham-Ab'bey,  or  Holy  Cross,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the  Lea,  13  miles  N.N.B.  of 
London.  Pop.  2998.  The  church,  partly  a  portion  of  a 
famous  abbey  founded  in  the  time  of  Canute  and  restored 
bv  Harold  H.,  is  one  ol'  the  earliest  specimens  of  Norman 


architecture  in  England.  The  Lea  is  here  diverted  into 
several  channels,  turning  4  powder-mills  belonging  to  the 
government.  Waltham  has  also  corn-  and  silk-mills,  a  pin- 
factory,  and  malt-kilns.  At  Enfield  Lock,  2  miles  S.,  the 
government  has  a  factory  supplying  annually  about  10,000 
percussion  muskets. 
Waltham,  Bishop's,  England.    See  Bishop's  Walt- 

HAU. 

Waltham-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Herts, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  Lea,  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Walt- 
ham Abbej',  and  deriving  its  name  from  a  cross  erected 
here  at  one  of  the  halting-places  of  the  funeral  procession 
of  Eleanor,  queen  of  Edward  I.,  on  its  way  to  London. 

Walt'hamstow,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  the  Lea,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  is  chiefly 
inhabited  by  wealthy  merchants  of  the  metropolis,  and  ia 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  borders  of  Epping  Forest. 

Walthourville,  w51-thoor'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Lib- 
erty CO.,  Ga.,  44  miles  S.AV.  of  Savannah,  and  2^  miles  N.W. 
of  Walthourville  Station  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  500. 

Wal'ton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Lutterworth.     Pop.  647. 

Walton,  wSrtpn,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida, 
bordering  on  Alabama  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area 
of  about  1360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Choctawhatchee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Shoal  and  Yellow 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  ia 
sandy.  Cattle,  lumber,  cotton,  pork,  and  sugar-cane  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Pen- 
sacola  &  Atlantic  division  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  De  Funiak  Springs.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3011;  in  1880,  4201;  In  1890,  4816. 

Walton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Appalachee  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Alcovy  or  Ulcofauhatchee  River,  one  of  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Ocmulgee.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
high  ridges  or  hills,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  granite  and  iron  ore.  The  Georgia  Railroad  passes 
through  the  centre  of  this  county.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,038;  in  1880,  15,622;  in  1890,  17,467. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Lee  co.,  III.,  in 
Marion  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Amboy  and 
Sterling.     It  has  2  stores  and  an  elevator. 

Walton,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Logansport  with  Kokomo,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  normal 
school,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  &c.    Pop.  453. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walton  township,  Harvey 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  647 ;  in  1890,  798. 

Walton,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  568. 

Walton,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  497. 

Walton,  a  post- village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  &  Lexington  and  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroads,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Walton,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1646. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich., 
is  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Grand  Rapids  & 
Indiana  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City,  and  21 
miles  N.  of  Cadillac.  j 

Walton,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss. 

Walton,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  13  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Walton,  a  post-village  in  Walton  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  in  a  deep  valley,  and  on 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Delhi  Branch  with  the  main  line,  102  miles  N.W. 
of  Middletown,  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.  It  has  8 
churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1880, 1389;  in  1890,  2299. 

Walton,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C. 

Walton,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Pocotaligo  River,  30  miles  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wal'tonborough,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co..  111. 

Wal'ton-le-Dale,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, on  a  height  beside  the  Derwent,  near  the  Wyre  A 
Preston  Railway,  2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Preston.  Pop.  8117, 
chiefly  engaged  in  cotton-manufactures. 


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Walton  JHillSf  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Mo., 
8  miles  W.  of  Potosi.  It  has  2  ohurohes.  Lead  is  found 
near  here. 

Walton-on-So'ken,  a  village  and  parish  ot  Eng- 
land, 00.  of  Essex,  on  the  coast,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Manning- 
tree.  The  village  is  resorted  to  as  a  watering-place,  and 
has  a  handsome  terrace,  hotel,  and  jetty.  On  the  Naze  is 
a  brick  tower,  80  feet  in  height,  forming  a  sea-mark.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1070. 

Walton-on>the-Uill)  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, 00.  of  Lancaster,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Liverpool.  It  has 
several  cotton-manufactories,  endowed  schools,  and  man- 
sions belonging  to  Liverpool  merchants.  Pop.  of  parish, 
150,939. 

Walton's*  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Walton-npon-ThameSf  a  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Surrey,  on  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  with 
a  station  on  the  London  &  Southwestern  Railway,  17  miles 
W.S.W.  of  London.  The  church  has  some  fine  monuments, 
and  in  the  parish  are  many  elegant  villas  and  seats.  Pop. 
5383. 

Walt's  MillS)  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 

Waltz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waltz  township,  Wabash  co., 
Ind.,  4  miles  S.  of  Wabash,  and  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Logansport.  It  has,  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Mississinewa  River,  and  con- 
tains a  village  named  Somerset.     Pop.  in  1890,  2312. 

Waltz,  a  post-village  in  Huron  township,  Wayne  co., 
Mich.,  near  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  hotels,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Waluiki,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Valooiki. 

Walvisch  Bay,  Africa.    See  Walfish  Bay. 

Wal 'worth,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  a 
suburb  of  the  metropolis,  2^  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul's,  London. 

Walworth,  wol'wprth,  a  southern  county  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  Turtle  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Rock  River, 
and  by  Honey,  Geneva,  and  Sugar  Creeks,  affluents  of  the 
Fox  or  Pishtaka  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
finely  diversified  with  prairies,  forests,  and  small  lakes. 
Geneva  Lake,  the  largest  of  these,  is  about  9  miles  long. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wool, 
cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silu- 
rian limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Western  Union  Railroad  and 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Elkhom.     Pop.  in  1880,  26,249;  in  1890,  27,Q60. 

Walworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Custer  co..  Neb.,  near  its 
N.  boundary,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Broken  Bow. 

Walworth,  a  post-village  in  Walworth  township, 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Rochester,  and  5 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Palmyra.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  nursery.     Pop.  362 ;  of  the  township,  2394. 

Walworth,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Walworth 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  24  milea  E.S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  3  miles 
W.  of  Geneva  Lake.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Total  pop.  1270. 

Walzenhausen,  wS,lt's§n-h5w*z§n,  a  village  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Appenzell,  on  a  hill  at  the  extremity  of 
the  Rheinthal,  with  a  church  so  commandingly  situated 
that  the  Tyrolese  mountains  are  seen  and  92  churches 
counted  from  it.     Pop.  2235. 

Wamheek,  ♦im'bik^  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Brabant,  9  miles  W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1481. 

Wamberg,  ^im'bSRO,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2733. 

Wambool,  New  South  Wales.    See  Macquarib. 

Wambrechies,  vflM^br^h-shee',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Nord,  4  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2112. 

Wamego,  wah-me'go,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie 
CO.,  Kansas,  in  Wamego  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles 
AV.  by  N.  of  Topeka,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Manhattan.  It 
has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1000. 

Wamel,  ^^'m^I,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  on  the  Waal,  opposite  Thiel. 

Wamma,  an  island  of  the  Aroo  group.  Chief  town, 
DoBBO  (which  see). 

Wampoo,  wSm'poo,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark. 

Wamps'ville,  a  post-village  in  Lenox  township, 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church  and  about  25  houses. 


Wam'pum,  a  post-borough  in  Big  Beaver  township, 
Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  & 
Lake  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.     Pop.  786. 

Wams'ley's,  or  Walms'ley,  apost-hamlet  ot  Adams 
CO.,  0.,  14  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churohes,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wan,  a  city  of  Turkish  Armenia.    See  Vaw. 

Wanamie,  wan'%-mee,  a  post-office  and  mining  village 
of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Newport  township,  on  the  Nanticoke 
Branch  of  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  2  churches,  and  2  large 
coal-breakers.     Anthracite  is  quvried  here. 

Wanamingo,  wan^a  -  ming'go,  or  Wanaminga, 
wan^a-ming'ga,  a  post-village  in  Wanamingo  township, 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Zumbro 
River,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Faribault,  and  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Red  Wing.     Pop.  in  1890,  1215. 

Wanaqne,  wah'na-kee,  or  Wyn'okie,  a  post-village 
of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  Ringwood  River,  and  on  the  Mont- 
olair  <fc  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Newark. 

Wanari,  wah'na-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bon  Homme  oo., 
S.D.,  12  miles  S.  of  Tyndall. 

Wanas,  w&'n&s,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  LinkSping, 
with  an  important  fortress  at  the  mouth  of  the  Canal  of 
Gotha,  in  Lake  Wetter. 

Wanatah,  wah'na-tah,  a  post- village  of  La  Porte  oo., 
Ind.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Louisville,  New  Al- 
bany &  Chicago  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valparaiso,  and 
21  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City.  It  contains  the  Enterprise 
Seminary  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Wanchow,  wS,n-ch5w',  or  Tungow-Ching,  tiin'- 
gfiw^-ching',  written  also  Wen- Tcheou-Fou,  a  town 
and  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  150  miles 
S.  of  Ning-Po,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  its  own  name. 
Lat.  28°  N.  Its  streets  are  intersected  by  canals  and  ex- 
posed to  frequent  inundation.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk, 
shamsoo,  and  soy.     Pop.  200,000. 

Wanda,  won'd§,,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Edwardsville  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.E. 
of  St.  Louis. 

Wandersleben,  't^&n'd^rs-U^b^n,  a  market-town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1102. 

Wandipoor,  winMe-poor',  a  town  of  Bootan,  18  miles 
E.  of  Tassisudon,  on  an  isolated  rock.  It  has  many  eccle 
siastical  establishments. 

Wandiwash,  w&nMe-w&sh',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  and  58  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  Here,  in  1760, 
the  French  were  defeated  by  the  British. 

Wandorf,  ^S,n'doRf,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  about 
2  miles  from  Oedenburg.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  extensive 
coal-mines  of  Brennberg. 

Wandr6,  Muo'dri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop,  2936. 

Wandsbeck,  ^&nds'bdk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hamburg.  Pop.  13,528.  It  has  a 
royal  castle  and  park,  4  well-frequented  annual  fairs,  and 
manufactures  of  chemicals,  woollen  cloth,  leather,  &o.  It 
is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of  the  merchants  of  Hamburg. 

Wandsworth,  wSnz'w^rth,  a  village  and  parish  of 
England,  now  included  in  the  new  county  of  London,  is 
situated  on  the  south  side  oi  the  Thames,  at  the  Wandle, 
6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Waterloo  Station  in  the  city  of 
London.  It  contains  a  royal  hospital  for  incurables,  royal 
patriotic  asylum,  county  prison,  and  lunatic  asylum.  The 
village,  on  and  between  two  low  hills,  has  numerous  manu 
factories  for  bolting-cloths,  vinegar,  white  lead,  and  othe 
chemical  products,  distilleries,  calico-printing-  and  iron 
works,  and  linseed-oil-,  flour-,  and  other  mills.  Around  th 
village  are  many  handsome  detached  mansions. 

Waneka,  wan'e-kq,,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  oo.,  Wis.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Wanfercee-Baulet,  *ftN»*ffiR'84'-bBMi',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charleroi.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3940. 

Wanfried,  ♦S.n'freet,  a  walled  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Cassel,  province  of  Nieder-Hessen,  on  the  Werra,  5 
miles  E.  of  Eschwege.     Pop.  2020. 

Wanganni,  w&n-g&-noo'ee,  a  river  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island,  enters  the  ocean  on  its  W.  coast,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  New  Plymouth.     On  it  is  the  village  of  Petre. 

Wangari,  w&n-g&'ree,  a  bay  of  New  Zealand,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  North  Island,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wangaroa,  w&n-g&-ro'&,  a  bay  of  New  Zealand,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  North  Island,  140  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wangaroa,  a  harbor  and  river  of  New  Zealand,  North 
Island,  53  miles  S.  of  Auckland. 


WAN 


2758 


WAR 


Wangaruru,  w4n-g4-roo'roo,  a  bay  of  New  Zealand, 
E.  coast  of  North  Island,  110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wangen,  Mng'^n,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  circle  of 
Danube,  on  the  Ober-Argen,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Ulm.  Pop. 
of  town,  2208 ;  of  commune,  2604. 

Wangen,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on 
the  Aar,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1107. 

Wangen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Neokar, 
near  Cannstadt,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  1839. 

Wangen,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Schwytz,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1524. 

Wangerin,  ^4ng-§h-reen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Pome- 
rania,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Stargard.     Pop.  2587. 

Wangeroog,  Mng'§r-ogS  or  Wangeroge,  MngV- 
o^gh^h,  an  island  of  North  Germany,  grand  duchy  of  Ol- 
denburg, in  the  North  Sea,  oflf  the  estuary  of  the  Jahde 
and  Weser.     Pop.  350.     It  has  extensive  oyster-beds. 

Wangi,  ♦Sng'ghee,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Thurgan, 
on  the  Murg,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Frauenfeld.     Pop.  681. 

Wangs,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 

Wan'kaneer%  a  town  of  India,  Baroda  dominions, 
peninsula  of  Quzerat,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Joonaghur. 

Wanlin,  winMeen',  written  also  Onanlin  and  Ooan- 
lin,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  on  the  Soongaree ;  lat.  47i°  N, 

Wan'iock-Head,  a  mining  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Dumfries,  at  the  head  of  the  Wanlock  Rivulet,  5i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sanquhar,  and  1380  feet  above  the  sea.  Pop. 
772,  employed  in  mines  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Buccleugh, 
which  yield  chiefly  lead  ore,  but  also  small  quantities  of 
copper,  manganese,  and  gold.  The  neat  village,  on  a  hill- 
side amidst  fine  mountain-scenery,  has  a  church  and  a 
miners'  library. 

Wannebecq,  win'n§h-baik\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons. 

Wansen,  •<^in'sen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Ohlau.     Pop.  1913. 

Wans'ford,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton, 
with  a  station  on  the  Peterborough  Branch  of  the  London 
&  Northwestern  Railway,  7  miles  W.  of  Peterborough. 

Wan'ship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  on  We- 
ber River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  about  300. 

Wan'skuck,  a  village  in  the  10th  ward  of  Providence, 
R.I.,  2i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  the  central  portion  of  the  city. 
It  has  a  woollen-mill  and  3  churches. 

Wan'stead,  a  parish  and  town  of  tingland,  co.  of 
Essex,  on  the  Roding,  6  miles  N.E.  of  London.  Pop.  of 
parish,  5119.     It  has  an  orphan  asylum,  founded  in  1841. 

Wan'tage,  a  parish  and  market-town  of  England,  co. 
of  Berks,  in  the  Vale  of  the  White-Horse,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Ock,  and  on  the  Wilts  <fc  Berks  Canal,  3  miles  S.  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  3295.  It  has  a  handsome  cruciform 
church,  manufactures  of  sacking  and  coarse  cloths,  and  an 
active  trade  in  malt  and  corn. 

Wantage,  won'taj,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  3636.     It  contains  Deckertown. 

Wantoong,  or  Wantung,  winHoong',  North  and 
South,  two  islets  in  the  Canton  River,  China,  between  the 
islands  of  An-Ung-Hoy  and  Tycooktow. 

Wanyanee,  or  Wanyani,  w4n-yi'nee,  one  of  the 
principal  arms  or  channels  by  which  the  waters  of  the  In- 
dus enter  the  sea.     Its  length  is  nearly  20  miles. 

Wanzenau,  wint's9h-n5w\  or  La  Wantzenau  (Fr. 
pron.  li  vfiNt^z§h-no'),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace, 
near  the  Rhine,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  2154. 

Wanzleben,  ♦ints'li^b^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3977. 

Wapakoneta,  wah-pa-kon-et'ta,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Duchouquet  township,  on  the 
Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lima,  and  31  miles  N.  of  Piqua.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  banking-house,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  and 
a  woollen-mill.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  sash,  tiles, 
wheels,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3616. 

Wapella,  wah-pel'la,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co., 
111.,  in  Wapella  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.  of  Bloomington,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Clinton.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  repair- 
shop  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1437. 

Wapello,  waw'pel-lo,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Des  Moines  River,  which  runs  southeastward  and  di- 
vides it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  It  is  also  drained  by  Cedar 
and  Soap  Creeks.  The  surface  is  gently  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory. 


black  walnut,  white  oak,  maple,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
are  bituminous  coal,  which  is  abundant,  and  good  limestone. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Des  Moines  Valley  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <k  Pacific  Railway,  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  the  Iowa  Central  Rail- 
way, and  by  branches  of  the  Wabash  system,  all  of  which 
terminate  at  Ottumwa,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,346;  in  1880,  25,285;  in  1890,  30,426. 

Wapello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Wapello  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Iowa  River  (here 
crossed  by  a  bridge),  about  6  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Muscatine.  It  is  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  a  large  flouring-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  933 ;  of  the  township, 
excluding  the  village,  959. 

Wapeton,  North  Dakota.     See  Wahpeton. 

Wapinitia,  w5p-e-nish-e-a,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co., 
Oregon. 

Waplesville,  wop'§lz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  near  Indian  River,  8  miles  W.  of  Ocean  View.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Wapping,  wip'ping,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Mid 
dlesex,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  included 
within  the  metropolis.  It  borders  on  the  Thames,  on 
which  are  many  large  warehouses,  and  the  entrances  from 
the  Thames  to  the  London  Docks. 

Wapping,  wSp'ping,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co., 
Conn.,  2  miles  from  South  Windsor  Station,  and  about  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  brick- 
yard. 

Wapping,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in  Deer- 
field  township,  1  mile  from  Deerfield  Station.  It  has  about 
20  houses. 

Wapping,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  4i  miles  E. 
of  Front  Royal. 

Wappinger's  (wSp'pin-j^rs)  Creek,  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  runs  nearly  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Hudson 
River  8  miles  S.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Wappinger's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  li  miles  from  its  entranoa 
into  the  Hudson  River,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Poughkeepsie. 
It  is  mostly  in  Fishkill  township,  and  partly  in  Poughkeep- 
sie. It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
savings-bank,  several  machine-shops,  an  overall-factory,  a 
cotton-mill,  calico-printing-works,  and  2  comb-factories. 
The  creek  affords  much  water-power  here.  In  1876  this 
place  and  Channingville  were  incorporated,  under  the  name 
of  "  Village  of  Wappinger's  Falls."     Pop.  in  1890,  3718. 

Wapsin'onoc,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1944. 

Wap^sipin'icon  River  rises  by  two  branches  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  Iowa,  in  Howard  and  Mitchell  cos., 
and  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  to  Independence,  below  which 
it  flows  nearly  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Linn  and 
Jones.  It  finally  forms  the  boundary  between  Clinton  and 
Scott  COS.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  12  miles 
below  the  city  of  Clinton.     Its  length  is  about  250  miles. 

Wapwallopen,  wap'wol-lo-p§n,  a  creek  of  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  flows  into  the  Susquehanna. 

Wapwallopen,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Conyngham  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  milea 
S.E.  of  Hicks  Ferry  Station,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.     It  has  a  church. 

Waqua,  wa'kwa,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Waquoit,  waw-kwoit',  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Falmouth  township,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  ocean, 
about  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Wara,  wi'ri,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  state  of  Wadsly, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Abesher. 

Waradein.    See  Grosswardein. 

War^aju'  River,  in  the  southern  part  of  Minnesota, 
falls  into  St.  Peter's  River,  W.  of  Marrahtanka  Lake. 
Length,  about  80  miles. 

Warangol,  wi-rin-gSl',  or  Warangul,  wi-ran-giil', 
a  city  of  India,  Deccan,  Nizam's  dominions,  87  miles  N.E. 
of  Hyderabad. 

Warasdin,  or  Yarasdin,  vi'ris-din^  (Hun.  Varatd, 
vShVSshd'),  a  fortified  town  of  Austrian  Croatia,  capital 
of  the  county,  on  the  Drave,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Agram. 
Pop.  10,623.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  a  high 
school,   manufactures   of  stone-wares,   silks,  tobacco    and 


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vinegar.  In  the  vicinity  are  sulphur  baths  and  extensive 
vineyards. 

Warbeig,  ♦an'biRO,  a  seaport  town  of  South  Sweden, 
laen  and  36  miles  N.W.  of  llalmstad,  on  the  Cattegat. 
Pop.  2407.  Its  harbor  is  safe  and  convenient.  It  is  much 
freauented  in  summer  for  sea-bathing. 

War'blington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Havant.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  pic- 
turesque ruins  of  a  castle. 

Warburg,  ^an'boSRG,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Diemel.  Pop. 
4380.     It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  tobacco. 

Ward)  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  North  Da- 
kota, is  bounded  N.  by  Renville  co.,  E.  by  McHenry  co., 
S.  by  Stevens  and  Garfield  cos.,  and  W.  by  Mounteville  co. 
Area,  about  1512  square  miles.  It  ^s  traversed  by  the 
Great  Northern  Railway,  and  watered  by  branches  of  Mouse 
River.     Capital,  Minot.     Pop.  in  1890,  1681. 

Ward,  Randolph  co.,  Ga.    See  Nochway. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  745. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.     Pop.  1305. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  285. 

Ward,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Ward,  a  station  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Richmond,  Tex. 

War'da,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Ward'borougli,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  17 
miles  S.AV.  of  Ticonderoga. 

Ward  City,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky. 

Ward  District,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 
Boulder  co.,  Col.,  8  miles  N.  of  Caribou.  Gold  and  silver 
are  found  here. 

Warde,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Vardb. 

Wardein,  Hungary.     See  Grosswardein. 

Wardena,  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     See  Wadena. 

War'densville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Great  Cacapon  River,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Winchester,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wardoe,  an  island  of  Norway.     See  Vardoe. 

Wardsborough,  wardz'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Wardsborough  township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  866. 

Ward's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co., 
Iowa,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Independence.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Wards'fork  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  from  Pamplin  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ward's  Grove,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.     P.  530. 

Ward's  Harbor,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
gate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  at  the  mouth  of  Hall's  Bay, 
23  miles  from  Tilt  Cove.  Large  quantities  of  salmon  are 
annually  preserved  here.     Pop.  290. 

Ward's  Island,  New  York  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1760. 

•Vard's  3Iill,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co..  111. 

Ward's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C. 

Ward's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Va.,  about 
30  miles  S.  of  Max  Meadows. 

Ward's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  parish,  La. 

Ward's  Peak,  Montana,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky  Moun- 
tains, in  lat.  45°  30'  N.  Its  altitude  is  computeid  to  be 
10,371  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Ward's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Danville. 
Here  is  a  sulphur  spring. 

Ward's  Station,  a  'post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
0.,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ward's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Ward's  Turn-Out,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Wards'ville,  a  village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Thames,  3  miles  from  Newbury.  It  contains  sev- 
eral churches,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  number  of  stores  and 
mills.     Pop.  539. 

Ward'ville,  a  village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bergen 
township,  near  Black  Creek  and  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  about  i  mile 
N.  of  Bergen.     Pop.  788. 

Wardville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chowan  oo.,  N.C,  4  miles 
E.  of  the  Chowan  River.     It  has  2  stores. 

Ware,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  2^  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hertford,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lea,  and  on 
the  Enfield  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Counties  Railway.  Pop. 
4917.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  large  cruciform  church, 
snd  an  active  trade.    The  town  was  founded  by  Edward  the 


Elder,  at  the  place  of  a  wear  or  dock  previously  formed  by 
the  invading  Danes. 

Ware,  a  southern  county  of  Georgia,  bordering  on  Flor- 
ida,  has  an  area  of  about  893  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Satilla  (or  Santilla)  River.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  and  swamps.  The 
southern  part  is  occupied  by  the  Okefinokee  Swamp.  Among 
its  indigenous  trees  are  the  bay  tree,  palmetto,  and  pine. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  inferior.  Cattle,  sugar-cane,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  the  Brunswick 
&  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western 
Railway,  which  converge  at  Way  Cross,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     Pop.  in  1870,  2286;  in  1880,  4159;  in  1890,  8811. 

Ware,  a  post-village  in  Ware  township,  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Ware  River 
Railroad,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  about  26 
miles  W.  of  Worcester.  It  contains  several  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank  with  a  capital  of  $400,000,  a 
savings-bank,  gas-  and  electric-light  companies,  several 
cotton-factories  and  woollen-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  4817 ;  in  1890,  7329. 

Ware,  Oceana  oo.,  Mich.     See  We  are. 

War  Eagle,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo. 

War  £agle  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Ark. 

War  £agle  River,  Arkansas,  a  small  stream  which 
rises  in  Madison  co.,  runs  northward  and  northwestward, 
and  enters  White  River  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bentonville. 

Ware'ham,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough 
and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  between  the  Frome 
and  Piddle,  each  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  about  1  mile 
from  their  mouths  in  Poole  Harbor,  and  with  a  station  on 
the  Southwestern  Railway,  15i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dorchester. 
Pop.  of  the  municipal  borough  in  1881,  2112 ;  in  1891,  2141. 
The  town  is  laid  out  with  great  regularity,  and  is  snr- 
rounded  by  an  earth  rampart,  between  which  and  the  streets 
are  many  gardens  for  market  produce,  and  traces  of  ancient 
buildings.  It  has  an  old  church,  a  new  town  hall,  a  free 
school,  other  endowed  schools,  almshouses,  a  union  work- 
house, and  manufactures  of  stockings,  shirt-buttons,  and 
straw  plait.  About  10,000  tons  of  pipe-clay  are  annually 
exported ;  but  its  trade  has  declined  with  the  shallowing 
of  its  harbor,  which  is  now  accessible  only  by  small  craft. 
With  Corfe  Castle  it  sends  one  member  to  Parliament. 

Ware'ham,  a  post-village  in  Wareham  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  16  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  nails,  brass,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2874.  It  con- 
tains also  Tremont,  or  West  Wareham. 

Ware'house  Point,  a  post-village  in  East  Windsor 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  opposite  the  village  of  Windsor  Locks,  12 
miles  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  silk-thread- 
mill.  Pop.  about  1100.  Warehouse  Point  Station  on  the 
New  York,  New  Haven  <fc  Hartford  Railroad  is  li  miles 
N.  of  the  village.  Here  is  a  noble  iron  railroad-bridge 
over  the  Connecticut  River. 

Waremme,  M^r^m',  written  also  Warem,  a  small 
town  of  Belgium,  province  and  13  miles  W.  of  Liege,  on 
the  railway  between  Brussels  and  Cologne.     Pop.  1990. 

Waren,  ♦i'r^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  duchy  and  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sohwerin,  on  Lak# 
Miiritz.  It  has  manufactures  of  brandy,  woollen  olotb 
linen,  machinery,  &o.     Pop.  5852. 

Warendorf,  ^^i'r^n-doRf,  a  town  of  Prussian  West 
phalia,  16  miles  E.  of  MUnster,  on  the  Ems.  Pop.  476L 
It  has  manufactures  of  damask,  cotton  goods,  linens,  Ac. 

Ware  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Worcester  oo., 
runs  southwestward,  and  unites  with  the  Swift  River  near 
the  N.  border  of  Hampden  oo.  It  is  one  of  the  branches 
of  the  Chicopee. 

Waresborough,  wairs'biir-rilh,  a  post-village  of  Ware 
CO.,  Ga.,  near  the  Satilla  River,  and  on  the  Brunswick  A 
Albany  Railroad,  67  miles  W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  8  stores,  Ac.  Pop.  about  400. 
It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  yellow  pine. 

Waresville,  wairs'vll,  a  post-office  of  Uvalde  oo.,  Tex. 

Waresville,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  oo.,  Va. 

Ware's  Whari,  a  post-office  of  Essex  oo.,  Va. 

Ware'town,  or  Waer'town,  a  post-village  of  Ocean 
00.,  N. J.,  on  Barnegat  Bay,  and  on  the  Tuokerton  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tuokerton,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Toms  River. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

Waretown  Junction.    See  Babnesat  Jumctioh. 


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2760 


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Warffum,  waRf'foom,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Groningen,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appingedam.  Pop.  of 
commune,  2072. 

War'field,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Martin  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  River,  about  150  miles  E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  manufactures  of  salt.  Coal  is  found  here. 
Warfield,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo. 
War'fieldburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Avondale  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

War'fordsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Conoloway  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Bedford.  It  haa 
a  tannery  and  several  churches. 

War  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rogersville.     Marble  is  found  near  it. 
Wargla,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Oitarqla. 
Warhem,  vau^Sm',  a  village  of  France,  in   Nord,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk.     Pop.  1123. 

Warin,  ♦i-reen',  a  town  of  North  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Wismar.     Pop.  1743. 
waring,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Wahrinq. 
War'ing,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

War'ingstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of 
Down,  6i  miles  E.  of  Portadown.  Pop.  671,  employed  in 
extensive  cambric-  and  linen-manufactures. 

Wark'worth,  a  parish  and  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  Coquet,  1  mile  from  the  North 
Sea,  with  a  station  on  the  Newcastle  &  Berwick  Railway,  6i 
miles  S.E,  of  Alnwick.  Warkworth  Castle,  much  dilapi- 
dated, is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Coquet;  and  about  1  mile 
distant  is  Warkworth  Hermitage,  also  on  the  Coquet. 

Wark'worth  (formerly  called  Percy),  a  post-village 
in  Northumberland  oo.,  Ontario,  on  Mill  Creek,  15  miles 
N.  of  Colborne.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  about  20 
stores,  and  several  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  800. 

War'lick's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  oo.,  N.C.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Icard  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an  oil-mill, 
and  a  tannery. 

Warloy-Baillon,  vaR^lw4'-bih*y6N»',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Somme,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1861. 

Warmbrnnn,  ^f^aRm'bRdon^  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
«iia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Zacken.     Pop.  2998. 
It  has  sulphur  baths  and  manufactures  of  linens. 
Warm  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Oregon  oo.,  Mo. 
Warmia  and  Warmie.     See  Ermeland. 
War'minster,  a  market-town  of  England,  oo.  of  Wilts, 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  Salisbury  Plain,  on  the  Wiley,  and 
on   a  branch    of    the  Great  Western   Railroad,  21  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  5786.     It  has  manufactures 
of  hair-cloth,  and  weaving  and  malting  are  the  principal 
branches  of  industry.     Near  it  many  Roman  antiquities 
have  been  discovered. 

War'minster,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warminster  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  840. 

Warminster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has 
a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  mine  of  manganese. 

War'minster,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Orillia.     Pop.  120. 

Warm  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ark., 
30  miles  from  O'Kean  Station.  Here  are  mineral  springs. 
Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  is  finely  situated  on  a  spur  of  Pine 
Mountain,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  Here  is  a 
remarkable  mineral  spring  which  has  a  temperature  of  90° 
Fahr.  and  discharges  about  1400  gallons  in  a  minute. 
The  water  contains  magnesia,  carbonic  acid,  &o.  Fine 
bathing-houses  and  a  large  hotel  have  been  erected  here. 

Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 17  miles  S,  by  W.  of  Deer  Lodge  City. 

Warm  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  ofj 
Madison   oo.,  N.C.,  in  Warm   Springs  townsnip,  on   the 
French  Broad  River,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Iron  Mountain, 
and  about  70  miles  E.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.     It  is  surrounded 
by  picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1169. 
Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 
Warm  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  New  Bloomfield.     Here  are  medicinal  springs. 
Warm  Springs,  Virginia.    See  Bath  Codrt-House. 
Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming, 
26  miles  S.  of  Fort  Fred  Steele.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring. 
Warna,  Bulgaria.    See  Varna. 
Warnabin,  or  Warnavin,    See  Vabwaviw. 
Warnemunde,  ^aR'n^h-milnM^h,  a  seaport  town  of 
North  Germany,  in  Meoklenburg-Schwerin,  at  the  mouth  of 


the  Warnow  in  the  Baltic,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rostock,  of 
which  it  is  the  outport.     Pop.  1765. 

War'ner,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich.     P.  238. 
Warner,  a  post-office  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn. 
Warner,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Omaha 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Omaha. 

Warner,  a  post-village  in  Warner  township,  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Concord 
&  Claremont  Railroad,  ISi  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord,  and 
about  6  miles  S.  of  Mount  Kearsarge.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  free  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  straw  board.     Pop.  of  township,  1667. 

Warner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Salem 
township,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad, 
18  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  several  churches. 

Warner's,  a  p<^t-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Syra 
cuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Warner's  Ranch,  a  township  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cai. 
Pop.  246. 

War'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  township, 
Madison  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
a  church. 

War'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  oo.,  Ga., 
14  miles  S.  of  Senoia.  It  has  a  church. 
Warnerville,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass. 
Warnerville,  a  post-village  in  Richmondville  town- 
ship, Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cobleskill  Creek,  and  on  the 
Albany  <Ss  Susquehanna  Railroad,  48  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  tanneries. 

Warnetou,  *aRn't6N>>',  or  Waerten,  MR't?n,  a  fron- 
tier town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Ypres.  Pop.  3131,  engaged  in  breweries,  salt- 
refineries,  and  manufactures  of  chocolate  and  starch. 

War'ning,  Mount,  New  South  Wales,  East  Australia, 
on  the  Tweed,  lat.  28°  24'  S.,  Ion.  153°  15'  E.,  is  3300  feet 
in  elevation. 

War'nock,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Central  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Warnow,  ^aa'now  or  ♦an'nov,  a  river  of  Germany, 
rises  S.  of  Sternberg,  in  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin,  flows  first 
W.,  then  N.E.,  then  N.,  and  falls  into  the  Baltic  at  Warne- 
miinde.     Length,  70  miles. 

Warnsdorf,  *aRns'doRf,  orWermirowice,*5R-me- 

ro-^eet's4,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle  of  Prerau.    P.  1180. 

Warnsfeld,  waRus'fSlt,  or  Warnsveld,  waRns'fdlt, 

a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Gelderland,  22 

miles  S.W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2329. 

War'pole,  a  post-office  of  Wyandot  co.,  0. 
Warree,  war'ree\  a  town  of  Guinea,  in  the  delta  of 
the  Niger,  58  miles  S.  of  Benin.     Lat.  5°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  6° 
28'  E. 

War'ren,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  264  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Little 
River  and  Rocky  Comfort  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abundance  of 
granite.  It  is  traversed  by  branches  of  the  Georgia  Rail- 
road, which  meet  at  Camak,  in  this  county.  Capital,  War- 
renton.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,545  j  in  1880,  10,885;  in  1890, 
10,957. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Henderson 
River  and  Swan  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  wheat,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal 
and  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  main 
line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  the  St. 
Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Iowa  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  all  of  which  converge  at  Monmouth,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,174;  in  1880, 
22,933;  in  1890,  21,281. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Big  Pine  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  cattle,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad.  Capital,  Williamsport. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,204;  in  1880,  11,497;  in  1890,  10,955. 
Warren,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 


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WAR 


«n  area  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
North,  Middle,  and  Soutli  Rivers,  aflBuents  of  the  Des 
Moines,  which  runs  through  its  N.E.  part.  It  is  also 
drained  by  Otter  and  White  Breast  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  cattle,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  plenty  of  hard  timber,  including  oak,  ash, 
and  hickory,  and  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Des 
Moines  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Indianola.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,980;  in  1880,  19,578;  in  1890,  18,269. 

Warreii«  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
about  530  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  6reen 
River,  and  intersected  by  the  Big  Barren  River,  which 
«nters  the  former  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  maple,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Maize,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone  underlies  a  large 
part  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  main  stem 
of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  by  the  Mem- 
phis Branch  of  that  system.  Capital.  Bowling  Green.  Pop. 
in  1870,  21,742;  in  1880,  27,531 ;  in  1890,  30,158. 

Warren,  a  oopnty  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Big  Black,  on  the  W.  by 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Yazoo 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
«red  with  forests  of  cypress,  gum,  hickory,  «kc.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
New  Orleans  &  Texas  and  Queen  &  Cresceut  Route  Rail- 
road systems,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Vicksburg, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,769 ;  in  1880, 
31,238;  in  1890,  33,164. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  several  creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  more  than  one-third 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  maple, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Coal  and  limestone 
are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  which  passes  through  Warrenton,  the  capital  of 
the  county.  Capital,  Warrenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9673;  in 
1880,  10,806;  in  1890,  9913. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  New  Jersey,  bor- 
uering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Musconetcong  River.  It  is 
also  drained  by  the  Paulinskill  and  by  Pequest  Creek.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and  long  parallel 
ridges  called  Blue  Mountain  and  Jenny  Jump  Mountain, 
the  direction  of  which  is  N.E.  and  S.W.  On  the  N.W. 
border  of  this  county  the  Delaware  River  finds  a  passage 
through  the  Blue  Mountain  at  the  Water  Gap.  Indian 
<:orn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  limestone,  iron  ore,  and 
roofing-slate.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  the  Lehigh  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  first  two  communicating 
with  Belvidere,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,336 ;  in  1880, 
36,589 ;  in  1890,  36,653. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  B.  part  of  New  York.  Area, 
940  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  narrow 
and  beautiful  Lake  George,  is  intersected  by  the  Hudson 
River  (which  also  forms  part  of  its  southern  boundary), 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Schroon  River.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  Many  of 
the  mountains  and  hills  are  steep  and  present  a  large  sur- 
face of  naked  rock.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  Gneiss  and  granite  are  the  predomi- 
nant rocks  of  this  county.  Trenton  limestone  and  Potsdam 
sandstone  crop  out  in  the  S.E.  part  of  it,  and  black  marble 
is  found  at  Glens  Falls.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Adirondack 
Railroad.  Capital,  Caldwell.  Post-oflBce,  Lake  George. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,692;  in  1880,  25,179;  in  1890,  27,866. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  464  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Roanoke  River,  which  runs 
through  the  N.E.  part,  and  by  Fishing  Creek,  which  rises  in 
it.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Maize,  tobacco, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
174 


from  east  to  west  by  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Warrenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,768;  in  1880,  22,619;  in 
1890,  19,360. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  428  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Miami  River,  and  drained  by  Csasar's  and  Todd's  Creeks. 
The  Great  Miami  also  traverses  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
county.  These  streams  all  run  nearly  south  westward. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  buckeye,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &c. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  product^.  Good  Lower  Si- 
lurian limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Val- 
ley Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  the  Dayton,  Lebanon  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, and  the  Cincinnati,  Lebanon  and  Northern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,689 ;  in  1880,  28,392 ; 
in  1890,  26,468. 

Warren,  a  northwestern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  855  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alleghany  River,  which 
divides  it  into  two  unequal  sections,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Broken  Straw,  Conewango,  and  Tionesta  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  oak,  beech, 
ash,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  Lumber  and 
petroleum  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Western  New 
York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  Dunkirk,  Alle- 
ghany Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  all  of  which  communi- 
cate with  Warren,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,897 ;  in 
1880,  27,981 ;  in  1890,  37,585. 

Warren,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about 
446  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Caney 
Fork  of  the  Cumberland,  and  by  Rock  River,  which  enters 
the  Caney  Fork  on  the  E.  border  of  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  black  walnut,  hickory,  maple,  oak, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  McMinnville,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,714;  in  1880,  14,079;  in  1890,  14,413. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  234  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Shen- 
andoah River  and  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite 
near  the  middle  of  the  county.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great 
Valley  of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  plenty  of  timber.  Among  its 
minerals  are  limestone  and  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Norfolk  A 
Western  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Front  Royal, 
the  capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  5716;  in  1880,  7399;  in  1890, 


Warren,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bradley  co..  Ark., 
2  or  3  miles  W.  of  the  Saline  River,  and  about  95  miles  S. 
of  Little  Rook.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and 
the  Centennial  Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  492. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Litchfield,  and  40  miles  W. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  673.  Lake  Waramaug  (or  Wauremaug), 
a  summer  resort,  is  on  the  S.  border  of  this  township. 

Warren,  a  hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  about  7  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.     Pop.  84. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Jo  Danest 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Galena,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Freeport.  It  has  4  ohurohea, 
a  newspaper  ofQce,  a  banking-house,  3  hotels,  a  high  sohooly 
a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  wood  oar- 
pets.     Pop.  in  1890,  1172. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1253. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Salamonie  township,  Hant« 
ington  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Salamonie  River,  and  on  the  Tfr 
ledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
BIuflFton,  and  about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
hilA  2  flour-mills  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  in  1890,  1120. 
'  Warren,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2854. 
j  Warren,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  974. 

Warren,  a  station  in  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Union  City. 


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2762 


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WarreU)  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind.    See  Warren  Centrb. 

Waireii)  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  760. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  'Ind.     Pop.  1208. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1002. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Keokuk  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  707. 

Warren,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Harrison 
township,  on  the  Burlington  &,  Southwestern  Railroad,  17 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  957. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1092. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.,  ex- 
cluding AUerton,  654. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas,  about  52 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Salina. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Knox  co.. 
Me.,  on  St.  George's  River,  about  18  miles  from  the  ocean, 
8  miles  W.  of  Rockland,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Knox  <fc 
Lincoln  Railroad.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
powder-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  shoe-factory.  Ves- 
sels of  large  size  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place,  which 
has  extensive  water-power.  Limestone  abounds  in  this 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2037. 

Warren,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  Gun- 
powder River,  3  miles  E.  of  Cookeysville,  which  is  15  miles 
N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of 
ootton  duck  and  bags. 

Warren,  a  post- village  in  Warren  township,  Worcester 
00.,  Mass.,  on  the  Chioopee  River  and  the  Boston  &,  Albany 
Railroad,  73  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston,  and  25  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  a  hotel,  4  churches,  a  high  school, 
steam  pump-works,  Ac.  Pop.  1750.  The  township  con- 
tains also  West  Warren,  and  has  a  total  pop.  (1890)  of  4681. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad,  14  or  15 
miles  N.  of  Detroit.  The  township  contains  2  churches 
and  a  pop.  of  2214. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Cottonwood  oo.,  Minn. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.     Pop,  934. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Camden  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  472. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Marion 
CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  N.  of  Monroe  City,  and  about  22  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  1 
other  store,  and  a  woollen-mill.     P.  of  the  township,  2425. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Neb. 

Warren,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Plum  Creek,  Neb. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Grafton 
00.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &,  Montreal  Railroad,  70 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  contains  a  church  and  a 
hotel.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  bobbins,  car- 
riages, lumber,  shoes,  Ac.  On  its  northern  border  stands 
Moose  Hillock  Mountain.     Pop.  of  township,  960. 

Warren,  Herkimer  co.,  N.i.     See  Little  Lakes. 

Warren,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  Haverstuaw. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.     Pop.  4099. 

Warren,  a  city  of  Ohio,  capital  of  Trumbull  co.,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railroads,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Youngstown, 
and  52  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  contains  8  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspapers,  a  rolling-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
bagging-mill,  linseed-oil  works,  and  several  machine-shops, 
flouring-mills,  etc.     Pop.  in  1890,  5973. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1421. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  606. 

Warren,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Warren  oo..  Pa.,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Conewango,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Corry, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of  James- 
town, N.Y.  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad  and 
the  Dunkirk  A  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  wide 
and  straight  streets  which  cross  one  another  at  right  angles, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches,  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  library,  a  union 
school,  several  tanneries,  and  manufactories  of  engines  and 
boilers,  wooden-ware,  lumber,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  Lumber  and 
petroleum  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  P.  (1890)  4332. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Bristol 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  E.  or  N.E.  shore  of  Narragansett  Bay, 
and  on  the  Providence,  Warren  A  Bristol  and  Old  Colony 
Railroads,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Providence,  and  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  3  or  4  national 
banks,  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  braid,  and  twine.  Pon,  ot 
the  township  in  1880,  4007 ;  in  1890,  4489.  ^ 

Warren,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2K4. 

Warren,  a  post-village  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex.,  about  12 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Woodville.     Pop.  in  1890,  833. 


Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Waflhin  gton 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  is  in  a 
narrow  valley  on  Mad  River.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  leather,  clapboards,  and  wooden  bowls.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1008. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Charlottesville. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  St.  Croix 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  The  township  i» 
intersected  by  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  683. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.     Pop.  632. 

War'ren,  a  post-settlement  in  Cumberland  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  6  miles  from  Amherst.     Pop.  150. 

Warren  Centre,  apost-village  in  Warren  township, 
St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  at  Warren  Station  on  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  South 
Bend. 

Warren  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township, 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  12  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y. 

Warren  Grove  Mills.    See  North  River. 

War'renham,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda. 

Warren  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Black  River  Falls,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Tomah.  It  has 
a  large  lumber-mill. 

Warren  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.C., 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Macon  Depot. 

Warren  Point,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Pa. 

Warren's,  a  station  in  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Elroy. 

War'rensburg,  a  post-village  in  Illini  township,  Macon 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Pekin,  Lincoln  A  Decatur  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
grain-elevators,  a  tile-factory,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop. 
about  250.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  sandstone,  and  coal 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Warrensburg,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
Mo.,  in  Warrensburg  township,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Sedalia,  and  64 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  3  newspaper  offices  (1  of 
which  issues  a  daily  paper),  a  large  steam  elevator,  13 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  1  or  2  woollen-mills, 
and  the  South  Missouri  State  Normal  School,  which  has  about 
425  students.  Large  quantities  of  wheat  and  other  grain 
are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  4049;   in  1890,  4706. 

Warrensburg,  a  post-village  in  Warrensburg  town- 
ship, Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Schroon  River,  3  miles  from 
its  mouth,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  the  Adirondack  Railroad.  It  is  partly  sur- 
rounded by  high  hills.  It  has  an  academy,  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber.  Pop.  715  ;  of  town- 
ship, 1618.     The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Hudson. 

Warrensburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  \a 
near  the  Nolachucky  River,  about  48  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Warren's  Corners,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Lockport. 

Warren's  Store,  a  post-village  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Greensborough.     It  has  3  churches. 

Warren  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  is  near 
the  Moose  Hillock  Mountain,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A 
Montreal  Railroad.     It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Warrensville,  of  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey.  See 
Warrenville. 

War'rensville,  a  post-village  in  Winfield  township^ 
Du  Page  CO.,  111.,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Warrensville,  or  Warren's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Ma- 
haska CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  South  Skunk  River,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Warrensville,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Clinton. 

Warrensville,  a  post-township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western 
Railroad.     Pop.  1429. 

Warrensville,  a  post-village  in  Eldred  township, 
Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  8  or  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

War'ren  Tav'ern,  a  post-hamlet  in  East  Whiteland 
'township,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad, 
12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
name  of  its  station  is  Valley  Store. 


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War'renton,  a  station  in  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma 
k  Gulf  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Warrenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Huntsville.     Pop.  60. 

Warrenton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Macon  <fc  Augusta  Branch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad, 
50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  a  steam 
grist-mill. 

Warrenton,  a  station  in  Lake  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Chicago. 

Warrenton,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  oo.,  Ind.,  3  miles  from 
Haubstadt,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Warrenton,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  near 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Mississippi  Valley  &  Ship 
Island  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has 
4  churches  and  an  academy. 

Warrenton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Warren  co..  Mo., 
in  Elkhorn  township,  1  mile  from  Warrenton  Station  of  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  and  58  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
the  Central  Wesleyan  College,  2  grist-mills,  a  plough-fac- 
tory, and  3  churches.     Pop.  588. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
N.C.,  in  Warrenton  township,  near  the  Raleigh  <k  Gaston 
Railroad,  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh,  and  35  miles  W.  of 
Weldon.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop.  941 ; 
of  the  township,  2886. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  River  division 
of  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Sten- 
benville,  and  10  miles  above  Wheeling.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  241. 

Warrenton,  a  hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about  7 
miles  W.  of  Abbeville. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  La  Grange.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  semi- 
naries. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fauquier  co., 
Va.,  about  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond,  and  55  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  The  Warrenton  Branch 
Railroad,  9  or  10  miles  long,  connects  it  with  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad.  Warrenton  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  free 
schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  1346. 

Warrenton  Junction,  Virginia.    See  Owl  Run. 

War'renville,  a  post-office  in  Ashford  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Warrenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Warren  township,  4  miles  W.  of  Plainfield,  and  about  10 
miles  N.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cop- 
per-mine. 

War'rick,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
ders on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  390  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Little 
Pigeon  Creek,  and  is  intersected  by  Big  Pigeon  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Evansville  Division  of  the 
Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Boonville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,653; 
in  1880,  20,162;  in  1890,  21,160. 

War'rington,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough, 
town,  parish,  and  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Mersey,  16  miles  E.  of  Liverpool,  with  which  town 
and  with  Manchester  and  Preston  it  is  connected  by  rail- 
way. Pop.  of  the  municipal  borough  in  1891,  52,743. 
It  has  a  church  of  Saxon  origin,  numerous  chapels,  the 
town  hall,  market-house,  assembly-rooms,  several  cloth  halls, 
theatre,  infirmary,  and  several  cotton  and  other  mills  and 
factories.  A  subscription  library  was  established  in  1758 ; 
and  here  the  first  newspaper  in  Lancashire  and  the  first 
stage-coach  in  England  were  started.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  of  fustians,  twills,  corduroys,  and  other  cotton 
goods,  sail-cloth,  sacking,  glass-wares,  hardwares,  files  and 
other  tools  of  the  finest  quality,  pens,  soap,  leather,  and 
ale,  for  which  last  Warrington  is  famous.  The  Mersey  is 
navigable  up  to  the  bridge  for  vessels  of  100  tons'  burden. 
The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the  Ilouse  of  Commons. 
The  town  is  of  high  antiquity.  In  the  civil  wars  it  was 
the  place  of  many  actions  between  the  royal  and  the  par- 
liamentary forces. 

Warrineton,  a  post-village  of  Escambia  oo.,  Fla.,  on 


the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Pensacola,  and  2  miles 
from  Fort  Pickens.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  money-order 
post-office.  It  is  located  on  a  government  reservation,  and 
supported  by  the  navy-yard.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1574. 

Warrington,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ind.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  &c. 

Warrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Paulinskill  Valley,  3  miles  from  the  Delaware  Water 
Gap,  and  on  the  Blairstown  Railroad,  about  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Blairstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  slate- factory. 
Pop.  75.  _ 

Warrington,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  It 
has  3  churches.  Pop.  949.  Warrington  Post-Office  is  3 
miles  from  Doylestown. 

Warrington,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1728. 

War'rior,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Macon. 

Warrior's  Mark,  a  post-village  in  Warrior's  Mark 
township,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona, 
and  3  miles  E.  of  Bald  Eagle.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
coach-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1209. 

Warrior  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ala. 

Warrior  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Black  Warrior  River,  and  on  the  South  &  North  Ala- 
bama Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  a  church, 
about  8  stores,  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Warr^nambool',  a  seaport  of  Australia,  in  Victoria, 
on  the  Pacific,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Merri,  170  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Melbourne.  It  has  a  safe  and  capacious  harbor.  P.  4600. 

War's  aw  (Polish,  Warazavoa,  vaR-shi'vi  or  ■fraB-shi'- 
■ft'S. ;  Ger.  Warachau,  ■^aR'show ;  Fr.  Varsovie,  vaE'soVee' ; 
It.  and  Sp.  Varsovia,  vaR-so've-i ;  L.  Warao'via),  a  city 
of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  and 
formerly  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  is  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Vistula,  across  which  it  communicates  by  a 
bridge  of  boats  with  its  fortified  suburb  of  Praga.  Lat.  of 
observatory,  52°  13'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  21'>  1'  62"  E.  Pop.  in 
1860,  162,805;  in  1891,  490,417.  Mean  temperature  of 
year,  44.1°  Fahr. ;  winter,  24.9° ;  summer,  63.2°.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  ramparts  and  trenches,  and  has  elegant  suburbs ; 
but  the  streets  in  the  city  are  ill  paved  and  lighted,  and  iti 
stone  buildings  are  interspersed  with  hovels  of  timber.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  Zamek,  a  vast  palace  of  the  former 
kings  of  Poland,  now  an  imperial  residence,  and  contain- 
ing the  hall  of  the  Polish  diet  and  archives  of  the  king- 
dom ;  the  Saxon  Palace,  having  attached  to  it  fine  gardens 
open  to  the  public ;  the  government  palace,  containing  the 
National  Theatre,  custom-house,  high  tribunals,  and  gov- 
ernment offices,  and  also  having  attached  to  it  gardens 
which  are  a  fashionable  place  of  resort ;  the  Casimir  Palace, 
with  a  statue  of  Copernicus ;  modern  palace  of  the  minister 
of  finance ;  exchange ;  Briihl  and  Radzivill  palaces ;  many 
colossal  churches,  including  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral 
of  St.  John,  the  church  of  the  Holy  Cross,  the  Augustine 
and  Alexander  churches,  the  church  of  St.  Borromeo,  a  Lu- 
theran church ;  and  the  citadel.  The  Marieville  Bazaar  is 
a  large  square  surrounded  by  arcades.  Warsaw  has  a  Greek 
United  cathedral,  Armenian  and  English  chapels,  many 
synagogues,  several  hospitals  and  theatres,  barracks,  a  mint, 
a  school  of  artillery,  2  colleges  replacing  its  university  (sup- 
pressed in  1834  and  its  library  of  150,000  volumes  removed 
to  St.  Petersburg),  a  theological  seminary,  rabbinical  col- 
lege, observatory,  botanic  garden,  musical  conservatory,  2 
gymnasia,  school  of  arts,  numerous  Russian  schools,  libra- 
ries, and  learned  associations.  Its  public  places  abound  with 
statues :  the  principal  of  these  are  the  bronze  statue  of  Sigis- 
mund  III.  and  the  equestrian  group  of  Poniatowski.  It 
has  good  promenades,  and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  is  a 
villa  formerly  the  residence  of  Stanislaus  Augustus,  con- 
taining fine  paintings  and  surrounded  by  public  grounds,  in 
which  is  an  equestrian  statue  of  John  Sobieski. 

Warsaw  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics, 
hosiery,  hats,  gold-  and  silver-wares,  saddlery,  paper,  and 
tobacco,  chemical  and  cotton-printing  works,  numerous 
breweries,  tanneries,  distilleries,  &q.  In  1873  there  were 
259  factories  in  the  town,  employing  8823  workmen.  The 
value  of  the  produce  for  that  year  was  $10,600,000.  It  is  the 
centre  of  the  industry  and  literary  activity  of  the  kingdom, 
and  the  great  entrepdt  of  commerce  in  Poland;  it  is  the 
seat  of  the  national  oank,  and  has  large  fairs  in  May  and 
September,  frequented  by  merchants  of  both  Europe  and 
Asia.  Its  imports  amoant  to  $70,000,000  and  its  exports 
to  $60,000,000  per  annum.  It  communicates  by  railway 
with  Vienna,  Bromberg,  Cracow,  and  St.  Petersburg.  It 
1874  a  railway  iron  bridge  was  made  across  the  Vistula, 
thus  connecting  the  railway  systems  on  both  sides  of  it. 


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Warsaw  succeeded  Cracow  as  the  capital  of  Poland  in  1566. 
In  1807  it  was  made  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  War- 
saw. In  1830  the  Russians  were  driven  from  it  by  the 
Poles,  but  they  retook  it  in  1831. 

Warsaw,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Poland,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Plock  and  Lomza,  B.  by  Siedlec,  S.  by  Petri- 
kau  and  Radom,  and  W.  by  Kalisz  and  the  Prussian  prov- 
ince of  Posen.  Area,  5622  square  miles.  It  is  a  level 
country,  and  is  drained  by  the  Vistula  and  its  tributaries. 
Capital,  Warsaw.     Pop.  925,639. 

War'saWy  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tombigbee  River,  10  miles  above  Gainesville.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  4  stores,  and  a  steam  mill.  Cotton  is 
shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Vr  arsaW)  the  largest  town  of  Hancock  oo.,  111.,  is  finely 
situated  in  Wilcox  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
3  miles  below  Keokuk,  and  40  miles  above  Quincy.  It  is 
the  W.  terminus  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad, 
and  is  116  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  an  elevated  site 
and  a  favorable  position  for  trade,  and  contains  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  3  grammar-schools,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory.  The  largest  steamers  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2721. 

Warsaw,  a  city,  capital  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  in 
A7ayne  township,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Fort  Wayne,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth,  and  25 
miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded 
schools,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  several  grain-elevators, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  lumber,  sash,  doors,  etc. 
Pop. in  1870,  2206;  in  1880,  3123;  in  1890,  3574. 

Warsaw,  a  village  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Warsaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Chariton.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  above  Madison,  and  35 
miles  by  land  S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
Hour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  715. 

Warsaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Tensas  River,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Warsaw,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.     P.  1027. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village  in  Warsaw  township.  Rice  oo., 
Minn.,  on  the  Cannon  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Faribault, 
and  about  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Owatonna.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  450. 
The  township  contains  a  lake,  and  has  plenty  of  timber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1113. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  oo..  Mo.,  in 
Lindsey  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Osage  River, 
about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  court-house, 
2  newspaper  offices,  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  wagons.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.    Pop.  515. 

Warsaw,  a  post-office  of  Howard  oo..  Neb.,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Central  City. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort,  capital  of 
Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Warsaw  township,  in  the  beauti- 
ful valley  of  the  Oatka,  and  on  the  Erie  and  Rochester  & 
State  Line  Railroads,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  43 
miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  a  union  free  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  3  or  4  newspaper  offices,  2  broom-factories,  a  barrel- 
factory,  and  several  mills.  Here  is  a  union  school-house 
which  cost  $40,000.  The  township  is  diversified  by  ravines 
and  waterfalls,  and  presents  attractive  scenery.  Pop.  of 
the  village  in  1890,  3120  j  of  the  township,  4468. 

Warsaw,  a  small  hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.T.,  in  Bar- 
rington  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Penn  Yan.  Here  is  Bar- 
rington  Post-Office. 

Warsaw,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warsaw  township,  Duplin 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad,  55  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1362. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mohican  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Killbuck  Creek,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Coshocton,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Zanesville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  a  planing-mill, 
and  a  superior  hotel.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Warsaw,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warsaw  township,  Jefferson 
00.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brookville.  The  town- 
ship contains  5  churches,  3  tanneries,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1122. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richmond  oo.,  Va., 
about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond,  and  4  miles  E.  of  the 
Rappahannock  River.    It  has  3  churches. 


Warsaw,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Indian  River,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Peterborough.  It  con- 
tains 5  stores,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  hotel.     P.  150. 

Warsaw  Crossiug,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy,  111. 

Warsaw  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  belonging 
to  Chatham  co.,  lies  between  Ossabaw  Sound  on  the  S.  and 
Warsaw  Sound  on  the  N. 

Warschau,  Warsovia,  or  Warszawa.  See  War- 
saw. 

Warstein,  ^an'stine,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphali*^ 
13  miles  E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Wasserbach.     Pop.  2600. 

Warta,  or  Wartha,  ♦aR'ti  (anc.  Var'ta),  a  river  of 
Poland  and  Germany,  its  basin  lying  between  those  of  the 
Oder  and  Vistula,  rises  36  miles  N.W.  of  Cracow,  flows  N.  and 
W.  through  a  level  and  in  many  parts  marshy  country,  in 
Russia  and  Prussian  Poland,  and  joins  the  Oder  at  KUstrin, 
after  a  course  of  450  miles.  Chief  affluent,  the  Netze,  from 
the  E.,  by  a  canal  from  which  it  is  connected  with  the  Vis- 
tula j  other  tributaries  are  the  Widawka  and  Ner,  from  the 
E.,  and  the  Obra  and  Prosna,  from  the  S.,  which  last  forms 
the  boundary  between  Poland  and  Prussian  Silesia. 

Warta,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  24  miles  E.  of 
Kalisz,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  4490. 

Warta,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  43  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Breslau,  on  the  Neisse.  Pop.  1110.  It  has  a  church  greatly 
resorted  to  in  pilgrimage. 

Wartan,  ^an'tdw,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Rhine.     Pop.  2579. 

Wartberg,  ^aRt'biRO,  or  Szemptz,  simptz,  a  mar- 
ket-town of  Hungary,  co.  and  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pres- 
burg.     Pop.  2434. 

Wartbnrg,  Germany,    See  Eisenach. 

Wart'burg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Morgan  oo.. 
Tenn.,  about  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Wart'burg,  a  post- village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  6  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Sebringville.     Pop.  200. 

Wartenberg,  Obbr,  o'b^r  ^aR't^n-b^RO^  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jung-Buntzlau.     Pop.  1400. 

Wartenberg,  Polnisch,  pol'nish  ♦an't^n-biRG^  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Breslau.     P.  2319. 

Wartenburg,<^aR't$n-b55Ra\a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
60  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg.  Pop.  4055.  It  has  a  castle,  3 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  hospital.  Alt-  (&lt)  Wak- 
TENBCRO  is  a  village  adjacent  to  the  above,  on  the  west. 

Wartenburg,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  8  milea 
E.S.E.  of  Wittenberg,  near  the  Elbe.  Here,  in  1813,  BlU- 
oher  defeated  the  French. 

Wartenfels,  waR't^n-fdls^  a  market-town  of  Bavaria, 
in  Upper  Franconia,  20  miles  N.  of  Baireuth.    Pop.  557. 

Wartba,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Wabta. 

War'then,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  6a.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Sandersville. 

War'trace  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  at  ita 
junction  with  the  Shelbyville  Branch  Railroad,  55  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville,  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Shelbyville.  It 
has  a  church,  and  a  male  and  female  institute.     Pop.  500. 

Warwick,  or  Warwickshire,  w6r'rik-sh|r,  a  county 
in  the  centre  of  England,  enclosed  by  the  cos.  of  Stafford, 
Leicester,  Northampton,  Oxford,  Gloucester,  and  Worcester. 
Area,  881  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  805,072.  Surface 
elevated ;  its  N.  part  was  formerly  the  extensive  forest  of 
Arden,  and  is  still  interspersed  with  woods,  heaths,  and 
moors ;  in  the  S.  part  is  much  fertile  soil,  and  the  county 
generally  is  well  cultivated.  Principal  rivers,  the  Avon 
and  its  affluents,  in  the  S.  and  E.;  the  Tame,  in  the  N.  The 
county  is  noted  for  its  grazing  and  dairy-husbandry.  Coal, 
stone,  lime,  and  marl  are  procured.  Manufactures  are  im- 
portant :  Birmingham  is  the  seat  of  hardware  manufactures, 
and  famous  for  those  of  arms  and  others  in  great  variety ; 
Coventry  for  ribbons  and  other  silk  goods,  watches,  and 
jewelry;  fish-hooks  and  needles  are  made  at  Alcester; 
hats  at  Atherstone ;  horn  goods  at  Kenilworth.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  numerous  canals,  and  by  the  Northwestern 
and  Great  Western  Railways,  by  branches  of  the  Midland 
Railway,  and  by  the  Roman  Foss-way  and  Watling  Street. 
Principal  towns,  Warwick,  Birmingham,  Coventry,  Alcester, 
Nuneaton,  Rugby,  Leamington,  and  Stratford-upon-Avon. 
It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of  Commons  for  th* 
county,  and  seven  for  its  boroughs. 

Warwick,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  a  county, 
near  its  centre,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Avon,  with  a 
station  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Birmingham,  and  2i  miles  W.  of  Leamington.  Pop.  of 
borough  in  1891,  11,903.     It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  well 


WAR 


2765 


WAS 


built.  At  either  end  of  the  town  is  a  gateway,  the  western 
surmounted  by  a  beautiful  ancient  chapel.  Warwick  has 
2  parish  churches,  several  chapels,  a  court-house,  county 
hall,  jail  and  bridewell,  market-house,  with  the  museum 
of  the  Warwickshire  Natural  History  and  Archaeological 
Society,  public  library,  a  grammar-school  with  two  exhibi- 
tions at  Oxford  University,  Leicester's  Hospital  for  Aged 
Brethren,  almshouses,  and  numerous  other  charities.  Be- 
tween the  town  and  the  river,  on  a  steep  acclivity  beside  the 
Avon,  is  Warwick  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick, 
and  until  damaged  by  fire,  in  December,  1871,  perhaps  the 
most  perfect  and  magnificent  feudal  fortress  in  England. 
Around  Warwick  are  many  remains  of  monastic  establish- 
ments. The  town  has  several  banks,  a  manufactory  of 
hats,  a  worsted-  and  silk-mill,  and  an  iron-foundry.  It 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

War'wick,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  165  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  estuary  of  the  James  River,  and  is  adjacent  to 
Hampton  Roads.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  pine 
woods.  Indian  corn  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of 
the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed  through  its  entire  length 
by  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railway.  Capital,  Newport 
News.     Pop.  in  1870,  1672;  in  1880,  2258;  in  1890,  6650, 

Warwick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Flint  River,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Warwick,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Elkton.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-factory, 
and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  320. 

Warwick,  a  post- village  in  Warwick  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Mass.,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester,  and  16 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots,  brushwoods,  and  lumber.  The  township 
contains  16  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  744. 

Warwick,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Vernon  co..  Mo. 

Warwick,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township,  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Wawayanda  Creek,  29  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
burg,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  is  the  S.W.  terminus 
of  the  Warwick  Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It 
contains  the  Warwick  Institute  and  Union  School,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  of&ce,  and  6  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1537;  of  the  township,  6000.  The  township 
contains  other  villages,  named  Florida  and  Amity. 

Warwick,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1387. 

Warwick,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland, 
Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Cleveland,  Mt.  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Massillon. 

Warwick,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  775. 

Warwick,  a  post-township  in  the  N.  part  of  Chester 
00.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading.  It  contains 
Knauertown  (St.  Peter's  Post-OflBce)  and  St.  Mary's,  at  the 
latter  of  which  is  Warwick  Post-OflSce.  P.  of  township,  1266. 

Warwick,  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  3345. 
It  contains  Litiz. 

Warwick,  a  populous  township  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  is 
bounded  on  the  B.  by  Narragansett  Bay,  and  intersected  by 
the  Pawtuxet  River  and  the  Stonington  <fc  Providence  Rail- 
road. It  contains  post-villages  named  Apponaug  or  War- 
wick, Centreville,  Arctic,  and  Natick.  It  has  a  national 
bank  and  8  cotton-manufactories.  Rooky  Point,  a  popular 
summer  resort,  is  on  the  E.  border  of  this  township.  Gen- 
eral Nathanael  Greene  was  born  at  Warwick.  Pop.  in 
1880,  12,164 ;  in  1890,  17,761.    See  also  Apponaug. 

Warwick,  a  post- village  in  Lambton  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Bear  Creek,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Watford.  It  contains  2  churches, 
a  saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Warwick  (formerly  Frank'land),  a  post-village  in 
Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
100  miles  from  Montreal.  It  contains  a  broom-factory,  a 
potash-factory,  and  large  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  1600. 

Warwick  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co., 
Tenn.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Warwick  Neck,  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  Nar- 
ragansett Bay  from  Kent  co.,  R.I.  Near  its  southern  ex- 
tremity, at  the  entrance  to  East  Greenwich  Harbor,  is  a 
light-house  showing  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  41°  34'  12"  N.: 
Ion.  71°  27'  W. 

Warwick  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  in 
Warwick  township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Nar- 
ragansett Bay,  10  miles  S.  of  Providence.     It  hivs  a  church. 

Warwickshire,  England.    See  Warwick. 

War  Woman,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
'rom  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad. 

Warye,  wiVi',  a  small  state  of  India,  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  province  of  Guzerat.  Pop.  about  20,000,  chiefly  Jats. 
The  town  of  its  name  is  in  lat.  23°  47'  N.,  Ion.  71°  29'  E. 


Wasa,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Vasa,  and  Nikolaistad. 

Wasatch,  wah^satch',  a  northeastern  county  of  Utah, 
borders  on  Colorado  and  Wyoming.  It  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Uintah  and  White 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  mostly  an 
arid  plain  destitute  of  forests.  The  Wahsatch  Mountain 
range  extends  along  the  western  border  of  the  county,  and 
the  Uintah  Mountains  occupy  the  northern  part  of  it. 
The  highest  peaks  of  the  Uintah  Range  are  about  13,500  feet 
high.  (See  Dawes  Peak.)  The  soil  of  the  plains  re- 
quires irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Wheat,  potatoes,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  estimated 
area  of  3444  square  miles.  Capital,  Heber.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1244;  in  1880,  2927  ;  in  1890,  3595.     See  also  Wahsatch. 

Was'co,  a  large  county  of  Oregon,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Cascade 
Range  of  mountains.  It  is  drained  by  John  Day's  River 
and  the  Des  Chutes  River,  which  run  northward.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  mountains,  valleys,  and  forests.  On 
the  W.  border  stands  Mount  Hood,  which  is  about  12,000 
feet  high.  Volcanic  rocks  abound  in  this  county.  Among 
its  forest  trees  are  the  pine  and  fir.  Wool,  cattle,  hay, 
lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staples.  Estimated  area  of  the 
county,  3315  square  miles.  Capital,  The  Dalles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2509;  in  1880,  11,120;  in  1890,  9183. 

Wasco,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Sherman  co., 
Oregon,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  co.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway.  It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  150. 

Waseca,  w&-se'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Le  Sueur  River,  and  contains  several  small  lakes.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than 
the  latter.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Branch  of  the  Chicago  <t 
Northwestern  Railway,  and  by  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railway.  Capital,  Waseca.  Pop.  in  1870,  7864;  in  1875, 
9994;  in  1880,  12,385;  in  1890,  13,313. 

Waseca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn., 
in  Woodville  township,  on  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  Owatonna,  26  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mankato, 
and  32  miles  N.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  is  the  largest  village  in 
the  county.  It  contains  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2482. 

Wasepi,  was'e-pi,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  oo., 
Mich.,  in  Nottawa  township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where.it  crosses  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Centreville. 
and  26  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Wasgau,  the  German  name  of  the  Vosge.s  Mountains. 

Wash,  an  estuary  on  the  E.  coast  of  England,  between 
the  cos.  of  Norfolk  and  Lincoln,  20  miles  in  length  by  Ij 
miles  in  breadth,  and  receiving  the  rivers  Witham,  Wel- 
land,  Ouse,  Nen,  and  Nar.  Its  two  principal  channels  are 
called  the  "deeps"  of  Boston  and  Lynn. 

Wash,  or  Gwash,  a  river  of  England,  chiefly  in  the 
CO.  of  Rutland,  joins  the  Welland  near  Stamford,  after  an 
E.  course  of  23  miles. 

Wash,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal. 

Washacummov  River.    See  Clbab water. 

Wash^ademoak',  a  post-settlement  in  Queens  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  8  miles  from 
Gagetown.     Pop.  250. 

Wash'ago,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  at  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Couchiching,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway, 
12  miles  N.  of  Orillia.     Pop.  180. 

Wash-a-kie,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
43  miles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Wash'a  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  about  14  miles  S.W.  of 
New  Orleans,  and  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  St.  Charles 
parish.  It  is  nearly  12  miles  long.  It  is  connected  with 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  several  bayous. 

Wash'bum,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  oo.,  Ark. 

Washbarn,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  oo..  111.,  in 
Cazenovia  township,  on  the  Western  division  of  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Peoria,  and  9^  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Varna.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  750. 

Washburn,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.     P.  44ft, 

Washburn,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Washburn,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  28  miles 
S.  of  Peirce  City,  and  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  a  seminary  or  high  school. 

Washburn,  a  post-village  in  Lima  township.  Grant 


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CO.,  Wis.,  9  miles  N.  of  Platteville.     It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac. 

Washburn,  Mount,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  National 
Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  6  miles  W.  of  the  Yellow- 
stone River.  Lat.  44°  48'  N.  Altitude,  10,388  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  commands  a  fine  view  of  Yellow- 
Btono  Lake  and  many  mountain-peaks.  "  Mount  Wash- 
burn," says  Prof.  Hayden,  "  is  composed  entirely  of  the 
usual  igneous  rooks.  On  the  summits  are  piles  of  very 
bard  compact  basalt." 

Wash'tngton,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
with  a  station  on  the  York  <fc  Berwick  Railway,  5}  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gateshead.    Pop.  7115. 

Washington,  wSsh'ing-ton,  a  Pacific  state  of  the 
American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  British  Columbia  (Domin- 
ion of  Canada),  E.  by  Idaho,  S.  by  Oregon,  and  W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Its  N.  line  is  the  parallel  of  49°  N.  lat.  as 
far  W.  as  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  whence  it  follows  the  Canal 
de  Haro  and  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca  to  the  open  sea. 
On  the  B.  the  limit  is  117°  W.  Ion.  as  far  S.  as  the  Snake 
River,  which  stream  is  thence  the  boundary  to  the  S.E. 
angle  of  the  territory.  Thence  westward  the  line  follows 
the  parallel  of  46°  N.  lat.  to  the  Columbia  River,  which  is 
the  southern  boundary  from  that  point  to  the  sea.  Area, 
69,180  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  Cascade  Mountains  divide 
the  state  into  two  very  distinct  sections.  Western  Wash- 
ington, comprising  two-fifths  of  the  whole,  is  a  densely- 
timbered  country,  with  a  few  very  fertile  prairies  and  some 
very  rough  and  broken  mountain-lands.  Here  the  climate 
is  relatively  warm  in  winter  and  cool  in  summer,  and  the 
rainfall  is  large:  in  short,  it  has  much  the  climate  of 
England.  Eastern  Washington  is  but  lightly  timbered  as 
a  rule,  has  so  dry  a  climate  that  in  some  places  irrigation 
is  required  for  agriculture,  and  the  summers  are  warmer 
and  the  winters  sharper  than  W.  of  the  mountains.  Here 
are  some  extensive  plains,  like  the  Klikitat  prairie  and  the 
great  Spokan  plateau ;  but  elsewhere  the  surface  is  much 
broken  and  even  mountainous. 

Mountains, — The  Cascade  and  Coast  Ranges,  with  the 
Blue  Mountains  of  the  extreme  S.E.,  are  the  principal 
mountain-ranges.  Some  of  the  peaks  bear  glaciers  and 
perpetual  snows.  In  the  Cascade  Range  are  Mounts  Rainier, 
14,444  feet  high.  Baker,  11,100  feet,  St.  Helen's,  9750  feet, 
and  Adams,  9750  feet, — all  former  volcanoes,  and  it  is  re- 
ported that  some  of  the  craters  show  signs  of  present  activity. 
Mount  Olympus,  in  the  Coast  Range,  is  8138  feet  high. 

Coast-Line. — On  the  W.  coast  are  the  harbors  of  Pacific 
City,  Shoalwater  Bay,  Gray's  Harbor,  Greenville  Harbor, 
Ac. ;  on  the  Strait  of  Fuca  (or  Juan  de  Fuca)  are  Clallam 
Bay,  Port  Angelus,  New  Duugeness,  Bellingham  Bay,  Dray- 
ton Harbor,  Ac. ;  while  the  deep  and  tranquil  waters  of  the 
noble  Paget  Sound,  of  Hood's  Canal  (a  great  fiord),  and  of 
the  lower  Columbia  River  present  unrivalled  harbor  facili- 
ties, and  will  doubtless  render  Washington  the  leading 
oommeroial  region  of  oar  Pacific  ooast. 

Rivera. — The  Columbia  aflfords  ship  navigation  nearly 
to  the  Cascades;  and  throughout  the  state  this  stream 
and  its  main  af^uents,  the  Snake  and  the  Clarke,  afibrd 
steamboat  navigation,  with  occasional  interruption  from 
rapids.  The  other  principal  rivers  of  Eastern  Washington 
are  the  Spokan,  Okanagan,  Yakima,  Palouse,  Ac,  direct 
or  indirect  aflluents  of  the  Columbia.  Western  Washing- 
ton has  many  small  rivers,  among  which  are  the  Cowlitz, 
navigable  for  steamboats  24  miles ;  the  Chehalis,  80  miles ; 
the  Dwamish,  30  miles ;  and  the  Snohomish,  35  miles. 
Geology. — The  Cascade  Mountains,  with  nearly  all  that 

8 art  of  Eastern  Washington  which  lies  S.  of  the  Upper 
olumbia  and  Spokan  Rivers,  is  of  a  volcanic  formation 
of  by  no  means  remote  geological  age;  but  the  northern 
parts  of  the  state,  as  well  as  the  Coast  Range  and  Blue 
Mountain  region,  appear  to  be  mainly  of  very  remote  azoic 
period.  The  immediate  coast-region,  with  the  Puget  Sound 
country  and  the  valley  of  the  Cowlitz,  is  apparently  of 
miocene  tertiary  age;  while  the  San  Juan  Islands  have 
been  referred  to  the  cretaceous.  From  this  state  con- 
siderable gold  and  some  silver  have  been  obtained  ;  but  the 
product  at  present  is  not  very  large.  Salt  abounds  on  the 
Spokan  plateau,  and  there  are  many  thermal  and  medicinal 
springs.  But  at  present  the  principal  mineral  product  is 
the  miocene  coal,  or  lignite,  of  Bellingham  Bay  and  Seattle, 
which  appears  also  at  many  points  in  the  tertiary.  This 
affords  abundant  fuel  of  fair  quality,  and  is  extensively 
mined  for  the  San  Francisco  market. 

Agriculture. — Eastern  Washington  is  an  admirable  region 
for  grazing,  and  some  of  its  prairie-lands  are  excellent  for 
ftgrioultural  purposes.     Indian  corn  and  the  peach  ripen 


here ;  but  the  summers  of  Western  Washington  are  hardly 
warm  enough  for  them.  But  the  arable  lands  of  the  west- 
em  section  are  of  unsurpassed  fertility.  The  enormous 
forest-growth  has  thus  far  interfered  somewhat  materially 
with  agricultural  progress.  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  hay,  and 
apples  thrive  here  remarkably. 

Manufactures. — The  leading  manufacture  is  that  of  lum- 
ber. Several  species  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  and  other  conifer- 
ous trees  afford  immense  amounts  of  excellent  material  for 
sawn  lumber  and  spars,  which  are  here  largely  procured, 
— the  Puget  Sound  timber  being  well  known  in  almost 
every  Pacific  port.     Some  ship-building  is  carried  on. 

Fisheries. — Canned  and  salted  salmon  are  important 
articles  of  export,  salmon  of  several  kinds  being  taken  in 
great  abundance.  In  the  streams  trout  are  yery  numerous. 
There  seems  to  be  an  exhaustless  supply  of  herring  also,  as 
well  as  of  the  oulachon  or  candle-fish,  a  small  smelt  consist- 
ing almost  entirely  of  oil  or  fat,  through  which  the  Indiana 
run  a  strip  of  bark  and  thus  extemporize  a  serviceable 
candle.  Oysters  are  largely  shipped  from  Shoalwater  Bay. 
There  are  also  taken  the  rock-fish,  turbut,  sole,  and  fishes 
called  perch,  cod,  and  bass,  but  not  closely  related  to  the 
fishes  called  by  these  names  in  Atlantic  waters. 

Animals. — Various  species  of  deer,  bears,  the  mountain- 
goat,  antelope,  and  many  fur-bearing  animals  are  here 
found,  as  well  as  the  prairie-dog,  the  sewellel,  and  other 
minor  rodents.  The  rattlesnake  and  many  harmless  rep 
tiles  are  found,  and  in  some  places  the  former  is  exceedingly 
abundant ;  but  its  bite  (seldom  inflicted)  is  not  here  re- 
garded as  dangerous.  The  birds  and  most  of  the  small 
animalB  are  generally  of  species  quite  unknown  in  the  East. 

Railroads. — In  1890  there  were  in  the  state  1999  miles 
of  railroad  in  operation,  belonging  principally  to  the  North- 
ern Pacific  (which  has  its  western  terminus  at  Tacoma)  and 
its  several  branches  or  divisions. 

Government,  dc. — The  governor  and  the  principal  ex- 
ecutive officers  hold  office  for  four  years.  The  judges  are 
elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  six  years.  The  sessions 
of  the  legislature  are  biennial  and  limited  to  sixty  days. 
Senators  are  chosen  for  four  years  and  representatives  for 
two  years.  The  state  sends  two  representatives  to  the  lower 
house  of  Congress.  The  state  debt  is  limited  to  $400,000. 
Among  the  state  institutions  are  insane  asylums  at  Steila- 
coom  and  Medical  Lake,  a  soldiers'  home  at  Orting,  a  school 
for  defective  youth  at  Vancouver,  the  penitentiary  at  Walla 
Walla,  and  the  reform  school  at  Chehalis. 

The  Counties  are  34  in  number,  as  follows :  Adams,  Asotin, 
Chehalis,  Clallam,  Clarke,  Columbia,  Cowlitz,  Douglas, 
Franklin,  Garfield,  Island,  Jefferson,  King,  Kitsap,  Kitti- 
tass,  Klikitat,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Mason,  Okanogan,  Pacific, 
Pierce,  San  Juan,  Skagit,  Skamania,  Snohomish,  Spokane, 
Stevens,  Thurston,  Wahkiahkum,  Walla  Walla,  Whatcom, 
Whitman,  and  Yakima. 

Cities  and  Towns. — The  chief  cities  are  Seattle  (pop.  in 
1890,  42,837),  Tacoma  (36,006),  both  important,  financial, 
and  business  centres  on  Puget  Sound;  Spokane  Falls,  in  the 
E.  on  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  with  extensive  water- 
power  (19,992);  Walla  Walla  (4709),  and  Olympia,  the 
capital  (4698).  Other  important  places  are  Port  Town- 
send,  Fairhaven,  Whatcom,  Vancouver,  Ellensburg,  Cen- 
tralia,  Snohomish,  Dayton,  Ac. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  established  by  law, 
and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of  about  $1,000, OOC 
The  state  university  is  situated  at  Seattle.  In  1890  the 
legislature  provided  for  a  state  agricultural  college,  and  for 
normal  schools  at  Ellensburg  and  Cheney.  There  are  also 
a  number  of  private  and  denominational  institutions  in  the 
state. 

Indians. — There  are  nearly  8000  tribal  Indians,  on  five 
reservations,  with  an  aggregate  area  of  4,045,284  acres. 
These  Indians  are  making  good  industrial  and  educational 
progress,  and  for  the  most  part  have  adopted  the  dress  of 
civilized  life.  There  are  also  many  Indians  not  upon  the 
reservations,  very  generally  engaged  as  laborers.  The 
Indians  are  of  many  minor  tribes  and  bands. 

Hisloi-y. — This  state,  formerly  a  part  of  Oregon,  was 
organized  as  a  territory  in  1853,  and  received  its  present 
limits  in  1863.  In  1872  the  San  Juan  Islands,  which  had 
been  long  claimed  by  both  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain,  were  awarded  to  the  former  by  Emperor  William 
of  Germany,  to  whom  the  dispute  was  referred.  Wash- 
ington became  a  state  in  1S89. 

The  population  in  1860  was  11,594;  in  1870,  23,955;  in 
1880,  75,116;  iu  1890,  349,390. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama, 
bordering  on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  1050  square 
miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  River, 


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and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Esoatawpa  Rirer.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  and  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroads.  Capital,  St.  Stephens. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3912;  in  1880,  4638;  in  1890,  7935. 

Washington^  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas, 
borders  on  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  about  927  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  White  River 
and  those  of  the  Illinois  River.  The  War  Eagle  River 
touches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  yellow  pine, 
chestnut,  hickory,  white  oak,  red  oak,  wild  cherry,  <fcc.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  bituminous 
coal  and  a  sandstone  called  millstone  grit.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Pacific  &  Qreat  Eastern  and  St.  Louis  &  San  Fran- 
cisco Railroads.  Capital,  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,266; 
in  1880,  23,844;  in  1890,  32,024. 

Washington )  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida, 
bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  1340 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Choctaw- 
hatchee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Holmes  Creek. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  inferior. 
Sugar-cane,  cottOn,  and  maize  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Vernon.     Pop.  in  1870,  2302 ;  in  1880,  4089  ;  in  1890,  6426. 

Washington^  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  688  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oh 
the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
■Oconee  River.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Great  Ohoopee 
River  and  Buffalo  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and 
in  some  parts  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  For- 
«sts  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  magnolia,  and  other 
trees  cover  nearly  half  of  the  surface.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
an  abundance  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cen- 
iiral  of  Georgia,  Augusta,  Gibson  &  Sandersville,  and  San- 
dersville  &  Tennille  Railroads.  Capital,  Sandersville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15,842;  in  1880,  21,964;  in  1890,  25,237. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  is  drained  by  Beau- 
coup  and  Crooked  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  ash,  hickory,  elm,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry, 
maple,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  About  half  of  this 
oounty  is  prairie.  Among  its  minerals  are  coal  and  lime- 
stone. It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
"the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  the  Centralia  & 
Chester  Railroad.  Capital,  Nashville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,599;  in  1880,  21,112;  in  1890,  19,262. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Musoatatuok  River  and  the  East  Fork  of  White 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Blue  River,  which  rises  in  it, 
4ind  Lost  Creek,  the  course  of  which  is  partly  subterranean. 
The  surface  is  mostly  undulating,  and  partly  hilly.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  maple,  walnut, 
elm,  and  other  trees  cover  about  one-third  of  the  surface. 
Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  is  cavernous  limestone. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  which,  entering  it  in  the  S.E.,  passes 
through  Salem,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,495;  in 
1880,  18,955;  in  1890,  18,619. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa.  Area, 
576  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Iowa 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  English  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Crooked  Creek  and  by  Skunk  River,  which  runs 
through  the  S.W.  part  of  the  oounty.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good 
timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  white  oak,  and  black 
walnut.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is 
prairie.  Good  carboniferous  limestone  abounds  here.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Bur- 
lington &  Northwestern,  and  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railroads.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,952;  in  1880,  20,374;  in  1890,  18,468. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
dering on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Little  Blue  River,  and  also  drained  by 
ithe  Little  Black,  and  by  small  affluents  of  the  Republican 
River,  which  almost  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county. 


The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  hay, 
oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone,  sand- 
stone, fire-clay,  and  gypsum  are  found  here.  Salt  springs 
also  exist,  and  deposits  of  salt  are  found  in  the  central  and 
western  parts.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4081 ;  rn  1880,  14,910;  in  1890,  22,894. 

Washington,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  is  near  the  middle 
of  the  state.  Area,  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Chaplin's  Fork  of  the  Beech  (or  Salt)  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  maple,  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  of  good  quality  is  found 
in  this  oounty.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Louisville  A 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,464;  in  1880,  14,419;  in  1890,  13,622. 

Washington,  a  parish  in  the  E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  Mississippi.  Area,  about  660  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Bogue  Chitto.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  a  little  sugar-cane, 
cotton,  &c.  Capital,  Franklinton.  Pop.  in  1870,  3330 ;  in 
1880,  5190;  in  1890,  6700. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  extreme  S.E.  part  of 
Maine.  Area,  2452  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  which  separates  it  from  New 
Brunswick,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is 
drained  by  Denny's  River  and  the  Machias  and  East 
Machias  Rivers.  The  coast  is  indented  by  inlets  which 
form  good  harbors.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  numerous  lakes  and  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  other  trees.  Hay,  potatoes, 
butter,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms,  and 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The  Maine  Central 
and  Canadian  Pacific  Railroads  pass  through  the  N.  part 
of  this  county,  while  the  St.  Croix  &  Penobscot  Railroad 
intersects  its  eastern  portion.  Capitals,  Calais  and  Machias. 
Pop.  in  1870,  43,343;  in  1880,  44,484;  in  1890,  44,482. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Maryland, 
bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Potomac  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Antietam,  Coneoocheague,  and  Lick- 
ing Creeks.  The  Blue  Ridge  or  South  Mountain  extends 
along  its  E.  border.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  limestone  (Lower  Silurian) 
and  iron  ore.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Washington  County 
division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad,  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad.  Capital,  Hagerstown.  The 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal  passes  along  the  S.W.  Border. 
Pop.  in  1870,  34,712;  in  1880,  38,661;  in  1890,  39,782. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Wisconsin.  Area,  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  little 
lakes  and  forests  of  the  pine,  oak,  ash,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  lumber,  oats,  butter,  Indian  corn, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Paul  A  Duluth  Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  i,  Omaha  Railroad, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Northern  Rajlroad,  and  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Stillwater.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,809;  in  1880,  19,563;  in  1890,  26,992. 

Washington,  a  oounty  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Arkansas,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Sunflower  and  Black 
Rivers  and  Upper  Deer  Creek.  Small  lakes  are  scattered 
over  its  surface,  which  is  level  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  cypress,  oak,  hickory,  magnolia,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the 
Louisville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Green- 
ville. Pop.  in  1870, 14,669 ;  in  1880, 25,367 ;  in  1890, 40,414 

Washington,  ^  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Big  River,  the  Mineral  Fork,  and  small  affluents  of  thr 
Marameo  River,  which  touches  the  northwestern  part  of 


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the  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  wal- 
nut, and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  lumber,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minera*!  resoureea 
are  iron  ore,  lead,  copper,  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Bailroad. 
Capital,  Potosi.  Pop,  in  1870,  11,719  j  in  1880,  12,896;  in 
1890,  13,153. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  381  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Elkhorn  River,  and  is  drained  by  Big 
Papillon  and  Belle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  deep,  calcareous,  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Sandstone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil.  The  greater 
part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad  and  the 
Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate 
with  Blair,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  4452 ; 
in  1876,  62S6;  in  1880,  8631;  in  1890,  11,869. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  861  square 
miles.  It  IS  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  George,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River.  It  is  drained  by  the  Hoosac, 
Pawlet,  and  Poultney  Rivers,  and  by  Batten  Kill  and  Wood 
Creeks.  Lake  Champlain  forms  part  of  the  eastern  bound- 
ary of  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  Mount  Black, 
Mount  Hope,  Mount  Palmerton,  Split  Rook,  and  Fort  Ann 
Mount  being  situated  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county,  and 
presents  picturesque  scenery  on  the  shores  of  the  narrow 
and  beautiful  lakes  above  named,  which  are  navigable  by 
steamboats.  Forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  county. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  flax, 
Indian  corn,  wool,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  and  slate  underlie  a  large  part  of  the 
soil.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore,  lead,  slate, 
and  water-limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  branches 
■,of  the  Delaware  <fc  Hudson  Railroad  system,  and  by  the 
'Champlain  Canal.  Capital,  Salem.  Pop.  in  1870,  49,568; 
ip  1S80,  47,871;  in  1890,  45,690. 

"  Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
^i^a,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
<Ui  the  N.  by  Albemarle  Sound.  The  mouth  of  the  Roanoke 
River  touches  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  partly  occupied  by  swamps  and  forests  of  cypress, 
cedar,  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  lumber,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the 
Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad.  Capital,  Plymouth. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6516 ;  in  1880,  8928 ;  in  1890,  10,200. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  bor- 
dering on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  635  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River, 
intersected  by  the  Muskingum  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Muskingum  and  Duck  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  verdant  hills  and  valleys,  and  forests  of  the 
hickor}',  ash,  oak,  maple,  chestnut,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  wool,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and  petro- 
leum are  found  in  this  county,  and  the  latter  is  one  of  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad,  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central 
Extension  Railroad,  and  the  Cleveland  &  Marietta  Rail- 
road, all  centring  at  Marietta,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  40,609;  in  1880,  43,244;  in  1890,  42,380. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon, 
has  an  area  of  about  645  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Tualatin  River  and  Dairy  Creek,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Coast  Range.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  mostly  covered  with  noble  forests  of  fir,  pine, 
Ac.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  communicates  with 
Hillsborough,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4261;  in  1880,  7082;  in  1890,  11,972. 

Washington,  a  southwestern  county  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  890  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Monongahela  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Chartiers,  Raccoon,  and  Buffalo 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  or  hiHy  upland,  in 
which  the  streams  have  formed  narrow  valleys  or  deep 
ravines.  It  has  forests  of  the  hickory,  maple,  ash,  oak, 
tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  well  adapted 
for  grazing  purposes,  that  of  the  valleys  being  of  a  dark 
loam  and  rich.  Wool,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  but- 
ter, cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.    Among  its 


manufactures  are  those  of  woollen  goods,  flour,  leather, 
furniture,  saddlery,  and  carriages.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  This  county  is- 
traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Waynesburg  & 
Washington  Railroad,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Wash- 
ington, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  48,483  ; 
in  1880,  65,418;  in  1890,  71,155. 

Washington,  the  most  southern  county  of  Rhode 
Island,  borders  on  Connecticut.  Area^  about  340  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Narragansett  Bay,  and 
on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Pawcatuck,  Wood,  and  Usquepaug  (or  Usquebaugh)  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
extensive  manufactures  of  woollen  goods.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <fc  Hartford,  New  York, 
Providence  &  Boston,  and  Narragansett  Pier  Railroads. 
Capital,  Kingston.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,097 ;  in  1880,  22,495 ; 
in  1890,  23,649. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  portion  of  Tennes- 
see, has  an  area  of  about  344  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Watauga  River  and  the  South  Fork  of 
the  Holston,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Nolachucky  River. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar-maple, 
oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and 
limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Jonesborough. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,317;  in  1880,  16,181;  in  1890,  20,354. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Yegua  Creek,  and  on  the  £.  by  Brazos  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  live-oak,  hickory,  pecan,  red  cedar,  ash,  and. 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile,  fruit  and 
vegetables  growing  in  great  abundance.  Cotton,  cattle,. 
Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Large  beds  of  hard  silioious  and  semi-transparent 
stones,  valuable  for  economic  purposes,  are  found  in  this 
county,  whence  they  are  shipped  in  large  quantities.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Gulf,  Colorado  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  both  of  which 
communicate  with  Brenham,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,104;  in  1880,  27,665;  in  1890,  29,161. 

Washington,  the  southwesternmost  county  of  Utah, 
bordering  on  Arizona,  has  an  area  of  about  2446  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Virgen,  an  aflluent 
of  the  Colorado,  which  touches  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  consists  partly 
of  arid  table-lands.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  wool,  and  pota- 
toes are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  St.  George.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3064;  in  1880,  4236;  in  1890,  4009. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ver- 
mont, has  an  area  of  about  703  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Winooski  or  Onion  River  and  the  Waterbury  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  mountain-scenerjr 
and  extensive  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  This  county  comprises  a  part  of  the 
Green  Mountains.  Among  its  prominent  features  is  a  peak 
called  the  Camel's  Hump,  which  rises  4088  feet  above  the- 
level  of  the  sea.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pastu- 
rage. Butter,  hay,  oats,  wool,  cattle,  maple  sugar,  and  po- 
tatoes are  the  staple  products.  Quarries  of  slate  and  fine 
granite  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Dolomite,  ser- 
pentine, and  verd-antique  marble  are  found  in  it.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and  partly 
traversed  by  the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  with  Montpelier,  the  capital  of  the- 
county  and  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
26,520;  in  1880,  25,404;  in  1890,  29,606. 

Washington,  a  southwestern  county  of  Virginia,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  622  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Hol- 
ston River,  which  run  southwestward  through  long  and 
fertile  valleys.  These  are  separated  by  a  long  ridge  called 
Walker's  Mountain,  and  the  county  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Clinch  Mountain.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  the  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  wild  cherry,, 
chestnut,  &o.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are: 
gypsum,  Silurian  limestone,  and  salt.  Thick  beds  of  solid, 
salt  occur  here.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk 


4/ 


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r 


A  Western  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Abingdon,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop,  in  1870,  16,816;  in  1880, 
25,203;  in  1890,  29,020. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S,E.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Milwaukee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Mequon  and 
Rubicon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  about  one-third  of  the 
surface.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  abundant 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  first-named 
road  passing  through  West  Bend,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
23,919;  in  1880,  23,442;  in  1890,22,751. 

Washington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hempstead  co., 
Ark.,  about  115  miles  S.W,  of  Little  Rock,  and  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Fulton.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  seminary  for 
both  sexes,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce,     Pop.  about  750. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  from  Emigrant  Gap,  and  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Qra,es  Valley.     Pop.  of  township,  638. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     P.  520. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co,,  Cal.    P.  548. 

Washi«gton,Utownshipof  Stanislaus  CO.,  Cal.  P.  281. 

Washington,  a  village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal,,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Sacramento  River,  J  mile  from  Sacramento 
City.     Pop.  of  township,  809. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  1  mile  from  Washington  Depot  (which 
is  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Litchfield), 
and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Waterbury.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  Shepaug  River,  and  presents  picturesque 
scenery.  It  contains  New  Preston  and  Washington  Depot, 
and  has  quarries  of  white  marble.  Pop.  of  township,  1563, 
.  Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  the  United  States, 
named  in  honor  of  George  Washington  in  1791,  is  located 
in  the  District  of  Columbia,  on  the  Potomac  River,  in  lat. 
(Observatory)  38°  63'  39"  N.  and  Ion.  77°  2'  48"  W.  from 
Greenwich.  It  is  itself  a  meridian,  and  many  of  our  maps 
reckon  their  longitude  from  this  city.  Its  distances  from  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States  are — from  Baltimore,  40 
miles ;  Philadelphia,  136 ;  New  York,  226 ;  Albany,  376  j 
Boston,  432 ;  Detroit,  526 ;  Chicago,  763 ;  San  Francisco, 
about  8<W0  (in^ih  air-line) ;  St.  Louis,  856 ;  Cincinnati,  497 ; 
Pittsburg,  223  ;  Richmond,  122 ;  Charleston,  544 ;  Mobile, 
1033  ;  New  Orleans,  1203  ;  and  Nashville,  714. 

General  Aspect. — Washington  is  situated  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Potomac,  and  was  originally  embraced  between  two 
tributaries,  the  East  Branch  on  the  E.  and  Rock  Creek  on 
the  W.,  the  latter  separating  it  from  Georgetown.  The 
plan  of  the  city  is  unique,  and  everything  is  laid  out  on  a 
scale  that  shows  an  anticipation  of  a  great  metropolis.    Its 

Slot  extended  4i  miles  N.W.  and  S.E.,  and  about  2i  miles 
.E.  and  S.W.,  covering  an  area  of  nearly  11  square  miles. 
The  city  was  planned  by  an  architect  named  L'Enfant. 
Taking  the  Capitol  Hill  for  a  centre,  he  laid  down  streets 
parallel  thereto,  and  in  due  lines  from  E.  to  W.  These  are 
distinguished  by  letters, — the  street  immediately  N.  of  the 
Capitol  being  called  A  Street  North ;  that  immediately  S. 
of  the  Capitol,  A  Street  South,  and  so  on  through  most  of 
the  alphabet.  Another  set  of  streets,  running  from  N.  to 
S.,  intersect  the  lettered  streets  at  right  angles,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished by  numbers,  the  first  street  E.  of  the  Capitol 
being  Ist  Street  East ;  the  first  street  W,  of  the  Capitol,  Ist 
Street  West,  and  so  on.  The  city  is  supplied  with  the  great- 
est abundance  of  water,  which  is  brought  from  the  Great 
Falls  of  the  Potomac,  distance  some  15  miles,  by  a  conduit 
which  passes  through  1 1  tunnels  and  over  6  bridges,  one  of 
which,  crossing  the  Cabin  John  Creek,  is  a  beautiful  piece 
of  architecture,  being  of  white  marble,  with  a  single  arch 
of  220  feet  span.  The  supply  from  this  conduit  is  esti- 
mated at  36,000,000  gallons  a  day. 

Public  Buildings. — First  of  these,  in  architectural  merit 
and  in  point  of  interest,  is  the  Capitol,  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence (looking  towards  the  W.)  of  72  feet  above  tide- water, 
and  consisting  of  what  is  known  as  the  Centre  Capitol  and 
extensions.  The  centre  building,  which  is  of  freestone 
painted  white,  was  commenced  in  1792,  when  the  corner- 
stone was  laid  by  Washington.  The  extension,  of  pure 
white  marble,  was  commenced  in  1851,  under  President 
Fillmore.  The  centre  or  original  Capitol  is  352  feet  long 
by  121  feet  in  depth ;  the  extension  comprises  two  wings, 
each  238  by  142  feet,  with  connecting  corridors  44  feet  long. 
The  whole  building  is  751  feet  long,  and  covers  an  area  of 
3^  acres.     A  rotunda  96  feet  in  diameter,  in  the  centre  of 


the  building,  is  surmounted  by  a  dome  of  iron,  upon  the  top 
of  which  is  Crawford's  bronze  statue  of  Liberty,  the  head 
of  which  is  287  feet  above  the  basement  of  the  Capitol. 
This  rotunda  is  filled  with  historical  paintings,  such  as  The 
Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Surrender  of  General  Bur- 
goyne,  the  Surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis,  and  General  Wash- 
ington Resigning  his  Commission  at  Annapolis,  all  by  Trum- 
bull; the  Embarkation  of  the  Pilgrims  from  Leyden,  by 
Weir;  the  Landing  of  Columbus,  by  Vanderlyn;  the  Bap- 
tism of  Pocahontas,  by  Chapman;  and  the  Discovery  of  the 
Mississippi,  by  Powell.  Other  apartments  of  note  in  the 
Capitol  are  the  Senate  chamber,  in  the  N.  extension,  113 
feet  long  by  80  feet  wide,  with  galleries  for  spectators ;  the 
hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  the  S.  extension, 
139  feet  long  by  93  feet  wide,  with  a  gallery ;  the  old  Senate 
chamber,  now  the  Supreme  Court  room,  in  the  central  build- 
ing; the  old  hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  now 
devoted  to  collections  of  historical  statues  and  paintings ; 
the  library  of  Congress,  a  room  91  feet  long  by  34  feet  wide, 
with  wings  90  feet  long  by  30  feet  wide  (to  be  superseded 
by  a  new  building),  containing  more  than  600,000  books. 
One  and  a  half  miles  N.W.  of  the  Capitol  is  the  President's 
House,  with  a  front  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue  of  170  feet 
by  86  feet  deep,  2  stories  high,  built  of  freestone  painted 
white,  and  surrounded  by  extensive  grounds.  Near  this,  on 
the  E.,  is  the  Treasury  building,  an  immense  edifice,  about 
600  feet  long,  by  200  feet  wide.  This  edifice  has  about  500 
rooms,  and  contains,  besides  the  accommodations  for  an 
army  of  clerks,  an  immense  engraving  and  printing  estab- 
lishment. Other  edifices  of  note  are  the  fine  building  W.  of 
the  President's  House,  composed  of  three  wings, — a  southern 
wing,  a  northern  wing,  and  an  eastern  wing, — in  which  are 
accommodated  respectively  the  State  Department,  the  War 
Department,  and  the  Navy  Department ;  the  General  Post- 
Ofiice,  fronting  E  street,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  in  Wash- 
ington, of  white  marble,  204  feet  long  by  102  feet  deep, 
and  containing  over  200  rooms  ;  the  Patent  Office,  between 
Eighth  and  Ninth  aiid  F  and  G  streets,  covering  an  entire 
square,  and  unsurpassed  by  any  structure  in  Washington  yy*^ 
for  extent  or  elegance,  if  we  except  the  Capitol ;  the  Smith-  f^*^ 
sonian  Institution,  one  of  the  noblest  institutions  in  Wash-  jt^ 
ington,  with  a  structure  450  feet  long  by  140  wide,  built  of  A* 
red  sandstone,  in  the  Romanesque  or  Norman  style,  em- 
bellished by  9  towers  from  75  to  150  feet  in  height;  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  building,  at  the  foot  of  Thir- 
teenth street ;  and  the  new  Congressional  Library  building, 
on  Capitol  Hill,  of  white  granite,  to  cost  $6,000,000. 

Washington  is  also  the  seat  of  the  United  States  Naval 
Observatory,  occupying  a  commanding  site  on  the  banks 
of  the  Potomac,  S.W.  of  the  President's  House,  and  of  the 
Government  Asylum  for  the  Insane  of  the  army  and  navy 
and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  Soldiers'  Home  for  the 
disabled  soldiers  of  the  regular  army.  Here  also  are  many 
noteworthy  institutions  of  learning,  including  Columbian 
University  (Baptist),  Georgetown  College  (Roman  Cath- 
olic), Howard  University  (non-sectarian  and  open  to  both 
sexes,  regardless  of  color),  the  National  Deaf-Mute  College, 
the  National  University,  the  Catholic  University  of  America, 
and  the  American  University.  The  Arsenal,  on  Green- 
leaf's  Point,  is  one  of  the  chief  establishments  of  its  kind 
in  the  United  States,  containing  vast  stores  of  arms  and 
ammunition,  including  an  immense  park  of  artillery  of 
about  1000  pieces.  About  li  miles  N.E.  from  the  arsenal, 
and  the  same  distance  S.E.  of  the  Capitol,  on  the  East 
Branch,  is  the  navy -yard,  covering  about  30  acres,  and 
enclosed  by  a  wall.  Other  celebrated  institutions  are  the 
Corcoran  Art  Gallery,  founded  and  endowed  by  W.  W.  Cor- 
coran, and  containing  &  splendid  collection  of  paintings  and 
statuary,  and  the  Louise  Home  for  impoverished  ladies  of 
education,  also  founded  and  endowed  by  Mr.  Corcoran. 

Railroads,  &o. — Washington  has  direct  communication 
with  the  N.  by  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  and  Baltimore  <fc 
Potomac  Railroads,  with  the  W.  by  the  Baltimore  <k  Ohio, 
and  with  the  S,  by  the  Alexandria  k  Washington  Railroad, 
which  crosses  the  Potomac  on  the  celebrated  "  long  bridge," 
Ferry  steamers  run  regularly  to  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  other 
lines  of  boats  ply  hence  upon  the  Potomac. 

Objects  of  Interest  in  the  Vicinity. — Fifteen  miles  S.  of 
Washington,  on  the  Potomac,  is  Mount  Vernon,  once  the 
home  and  now  the  tomb  of  Washington.  Thirteen  miles 
above  Georgetown  are  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac, 
thought  by  many  to  equal,  in  wildness  and  picturesque  in- 
terest, any  in  the  country.  The  Little  Falls,  which  have  in 
all  a  descent  of  15  feet,  are  only  3  miles  above  Georgetown. 

Washington  contains  several  banks,  182  churches,  em- 
bracing nearly  all  the  denominations  known  in  the  United 
States,  and  offices  which  issue  4  daily  newspapers  and  5ft 


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WAS 


2770  WAS 


weekly  and  other  periodicals.  (For  government,  manu- 
factures, and  commerce,  see  Distkict  op  Columbia.)  The 
site  for  the  capital  was  chosen  at  the  original  suggestion 
of  President  Washington,  but  not  without  opposition.  The 
act  making  the  selection  was  passed  July,  1790,  and  in  1800 
the  government  was  removed  thither.  In  1814  the  city  was 
taken  by  the  British,  when  the  Capitol,  President's  House, 
and  the  library  of  Congress  were  either  wholly  destroyed 
or  greatly  injured  by  fire,  and  other  public  works  defaced. 

Population. — The  resident  population  of  Washington  in 
1870  was  109,199 ;  in  1880,  147,293,  of  whom  about  one- 
third  were  colored;  in  1890,  188,932;  of  the  district, 
230,392.  The  numbers  are  increased  during  the  sessions  of 
Congress  by  the  members  and  their  families,  and  visitors 
spending  the  winter  or  a  portion  of  it  here,  for  the  purpose 
of  enjoying  the  society  and  gayety  of  the  capital. 

Washington^  a  post- village,  capital  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga., 
is  about  55  miles  in  a  direct  line  and  76  miles  by  railroad 
W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Wash- 
ington Branch  Railroad,  which  connects  at  Barnett  with 
the  Georgia  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofBce,  2  seminaries,  mineral  springs,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  carriages.     P.  (1890)  2631. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Idaho  oo.,  Idaho,  about 
100  miles  by  air-line  N.N.E.  of  Bois6  City.  It  has  gold- 
mines. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  111.  Pop.  603. 

Washington,  a  city  in  Washington  township,  Taze- 
well CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of 
Peoria,  and  21  miles  W.  of  El  Paso.  It  contains  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banking-houses,  6  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  and  farming-im- 
plements.    Pop.  1301 ;  of  the  township,  2958. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Will  oo..  111.     Pop.  1564. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.  P.  1846. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     P.  1628. 

Washington,  township,  Blackford  co.,  Ind.    P.  1008. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.    P.  1391. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  Ind.    P.  2187. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  920. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1220. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    P.  1357. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1867. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ind.  P.  1692. 

Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
19  miles  E.  of  Vincennes,  and  3  mile*  E.  of  the  West  Pork 
of  White  River.  It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
woollen-factories,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  Ac.  Coal  is 
found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1880,  4323 ;  in  1890,  6064 ; 
of  the  township,  9712. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  P.  510. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
4591.     It  contains  Greensburg. 

Washington,  township,  Delaware  co.,  Ind.    P.  1190. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  P.  1391. 

\^  ashington,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.     P.  757. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.    P.  1139. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.    P.  640. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
3590.     It  contains  Westfield. 

Washington,  township,  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     P.  1176. 

Washington,  township,  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.    P.  1502. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  P.  960. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.    P.  1537. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2288.     It  contains  Pierceton. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.  P.  2439. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  P.  1306. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.  P.  990. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
3151.     It  contains  Martinsville. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.  P.  983. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  766. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  P.  2547. 
It  contains  Spencer. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.    P.  1213. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2363. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     P.  647. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  P.  1843. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2051.     It  contains  Lynn. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  P.  1206. 

W^ashington,  a  township  of  Rush  oo.,  Ind.     P.  1148. 


Washington,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  P.  1390. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.     P.  546. 

Washington,  township,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    P.  1376. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.  P.  1251. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind. 
Pop.  4172.     It  contains  Salem. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  P.  2040. 

Washington,  a  village  in  Clay  township,  Wayne  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  379. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Green's  Fork. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.  P.  1246. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    P.  716. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.  P.  748. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1257  ;  or,  including  Moulton,  2010. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  445. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
848,  exclusive  of  Waverly. 

Washington,  township,  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.    P.  5188. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.    P.  486. 

Washington,  township,  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  782. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.    P.  691. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.   P.  956. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.    P.  548. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  999. 

Washington,  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  929. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
536,  excluding  Hampton. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     P.  775. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     P.  579. 

Washington,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  1064. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     P.  955. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.    P.  809. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     P.  787. 

Washington,  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1246. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lee  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  927. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1487. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1001. 

Washington,  township,  Marion  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1252. 

Washington,  township,  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  845. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  648. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     P.  513. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  789. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  740. 

Washington,  township,  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  665. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
827 ;  or,  including  Ames,  1647. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa.    P.  570. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  794,  including  Bentonsport. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wapello  eo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
898,  exclusive  of  Eldon. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
2143,  exclusive  of  Indianola. 

Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa, 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Southwestern 
Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at 
the  E.  terminus  of  the  Sigourney  Branch  of  the  same, 
38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fair- 
field, and  28  miles  E.  of  Sigourney.  It  contains  about  9 
churches,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  2  or  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  machine-shop,  2  woollen-mills,  2  flouring-mills, 
and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2949  ;  in  1890,  3235. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa.   P.  802. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.  P.  813. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1482. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  456. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.  P.  877. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  817. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  936. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Doniphan  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  2045.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and 
contains  Wathena. 

Washington,  township,  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  354. 

Washington,  township,  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.    P.  356. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  389. 


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2771 


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Washington,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas.  P.  658. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.   P.  239. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wabaansee  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  347. 

Washington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  oo., 
Kansas,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  Mill  Creek  and 
the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Waterville,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  rubber  type-plates.     Pop.  in  1890,  1613. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  3^  miles 
S.W.  of  Maysville.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  553. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry  parish,  La., 
on  the  Courtableau  Bayou,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navi- 
gation, 6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  907. 
Large  quantities  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats, 
4  of  which  are  employed  in  the  trade  between  this  place 
and  New  Orleans. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Knox  CO.,  Me.,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Rockland,  and  24  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  lime-casks.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1276. 

Washington,  a  station  on  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  3i  miles  S'W.  of  Hagerstown,  Md. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Pittsfield.     Pop.  of  the  township,  603. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.  P.  660. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Air-Line  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Romeo,  and  30  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2099. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.   P.  431. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Washington,  township,  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.     P.  386. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Natchez.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  college  or 
seminary. 

Washington,  township,  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     P.  3042. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  978. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.    P.  1316. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2609. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.     P.  1470. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.    P.  810. 

Washington,  township,  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2029. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.  P.  213. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  (by 
this  route)  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  7  churches,  and  a  planing- 
mill.  Large  quantities  of  wheat,  maize,  pork,  &o.,  are 
ehipped  here.     Pop.  about  1400 ;  of  the  township,  5614. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.  P.  1014. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo.  P.  469. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.    P.  2305. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.  P.  2992. 

Washington,  township,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.     P.  2533. 

Washington,  township,  Mercer  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  808. 

Washington,  township,  Monroe  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1512. 

Washington,  township,  Nodaway  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1058. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.     P.  1591. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Pettis  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  1753. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.     P.  680. 

Washington,  township,  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  599. 

Washington,  township,  Webster  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1438. 

Washington,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada. 

Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Concord.  The 
township  is  drained  by  the  Ashuelot  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  839.  . 

Washington,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2514.     It  contains  Paskaok  and  Norwood. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J. 
Pop.  609. 

Washington,  township,  Camden  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1567. 

Washington,  township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1294. 

Washington,  Middlesex  cp.,  N.J.     See  South  River. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2484.    It  contains  Schooley's  Mountain  and  German  Valley. 

Washington,  a  post-borough  in  Washington  town- 
ship, Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Scott's  Mountain,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.,  4 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Oxford,  and  00  miles  W.  of  Newark.     It 


is  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Morris  Canal.  It  has  4  churches,  2  large  hotels,  a  national 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  drug-stores,  several  lumber- 
yards and  coal-depots,  and  a  manufactory  of  pianos  and 
organs.     Pop.  in  1880,  2142 ;  in  1890,  2834. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  about  25  dwellings.  The  town- 
ship contains  larger  villages,  named  Millbrook  and  Litb 
gow,  and  7  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2670. 

Washington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Beaufort  co., 
N.C.,  is  in  Washington  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Tar  or  Pamlico  River,  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jamesville, 
about  33  miles  N.  of  New-Berne,  and  120  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Raleigh.  Vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water  can  ascend  from 
Pamlico  Sound  to  this  place.  It  has  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  S.  terminus 
of  the  Jamesville  &  Washington  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2462;  in  1890,  3545. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.    P.  823. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.    P.  2139. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     P.  840. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.     P.  1367. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.    Pop.  1082 

Washington,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  740. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  P.  2818. 
It  contains  Moscow  and  Neville. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     P.  1250. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2228.     It  contains  Salineville. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.    P.  768. 

Washington,  Crawford  co.,  0.   See  Nkw  Washington. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.    Pop.  1537. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.    P.  1016. 

Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  Sugar  or  Paint  Creek,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati A  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Dayton  &  Southeastern,  77  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  27  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Circle- 
ville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  union  school,  2  national  banks, 
1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  2  planing-mills,  a  wool- 
len-factory, Ac.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Washington 
Court-House.  Pop.  in  1880,  3798;  in  1890,  5742.  It  is  on 
the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.    P.  1334. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Wills  township,  Guern- 
sey CO.,  0.,  on  the  National  Road,  8  or  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cambridge,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Campbell's  Station.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw  - 
mill.     Pop.  554. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.    P.  1579. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.  Pop.  883 
See  also  North  Washington. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.    P.  1098. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1141. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.    P.  1534 

Washington,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     P.  1285 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     P.  1133. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.    P.  1446. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     P.  1252. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Logan  oo.,  0.     Pop.  812. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1549. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Mercer  cc,  0.      P.  1148. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.    Pop.  1305. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     P.  1720. 

Washington,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  0.    P.  1758. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  916. 

Washington,  township,  Muskingum  co.,  0.     P.  1242. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Paulding  oo.,  0.     P.  957. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.    P.  996. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.  Pop.  3414. 
It  contains  Eaton. 

Washington,  a  hamlet  in  Washington  township,  Rich- 
land CO.,  0.,  about  5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mansfield.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1496. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.  P.  2282. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1085. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1092. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.    Pop.  1980. 

Washington,  township,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1113. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  0.     Pop.  819 

Washington,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.  P.  2241. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.     P.  1229. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1321. 

Washington,  township,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     P  118» 


Wa. 


2772 


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Washingtou,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     P.  1609. 

Washington^  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     P.  996. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.  P.  1904. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.  P.  1240. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Baaphin  co.,  Pa.  P.  1255. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1943. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Eayette  co..  Pa.  P.  1065. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.  P.  2364. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  765. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  P.  1466. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.  P.  1124. 

Washington,  a  borough  in  Manor  township,  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  and  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  3  miles  below  Co- 
lumbia. The  river  is  nearly  2  miles  wide  at  this  place. 
It  contains  3  churches,  2  hotels,  a  graded  school,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  an  edge-tool  factory,  a  coach-factory,  and  a  plan- 
ing-mill.  Pop.  673.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Wash- 
ington Borough. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.  P.  612. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.    P.  2464. 

Washington,  township,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     P.  1122. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  801. 

Washington,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    P.  1313. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.    P.  1541. 

Washington,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  on  the  National  Road,  and  on  the  Chartiers 
Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Wheeling  &  Pitta- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the 
Waynesburg  &  Washington  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg,  and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
2  banking-houses,  a  female  seminary,  2  carriage-shops,  a 
broom-factory,  6  cigar-factories,  a  stove-foundry,  a  tan- 
nery, 2  woollen-mills,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Washington  and  JeflFerson  College  (Presbyterian),  which 
was  organized  in  1802  and  has  a  library  of  10,000  volumes. 
Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place,  and  large  quantities  of  wool 
are  exported  from  it.     Pop.  in  1890,  7063. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  oo..  Pa. 
Pop. 1416. 

Washington,  township,  Wyoming  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  793. 

Washington,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1444. 

Washington,  a  station  of  the  Hartford,  Providence  A 
Fishkill  Railroad,  14i  miles  S.W.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C.  P.  1025. 

Wasliington,  a  post-village  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  near 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  about  50  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chattanooga.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
banking-house,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Navasota,  and  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation.  It  is 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Navasota  Station,  and  about  66  miles  N.W. 
of  Houston.  It  was  the  capital  of  Texas  when  that  state 
was  annexed  to  the  United  States,  in  1845.    Pop.  about  300. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah, 
about  180  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Manti.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cotton-factory,  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  483. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township. 
Orange  co.,  Vt.,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1113. 

Washington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rappahannock 
CO.,  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  S.E.  base  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  18  miles  S.  of  Front  Royal,  and  about  110  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Richmond.   It  has  4  churches.   Pop.  about  300. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.     Pop.  401. 

Washington,  township,  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.   Pop.  720. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Green  co.,  Wis.     P.  870. 

Washington,  township.  La  Crosse  co..  Wis,    Pop.  922. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     P.  1093. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.  P.  465. 

Wash'ington,  a  market-town  of  Oxford  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Nith,  9  miles  N.  of  Drambo.  It  contains  a 
store  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  130. 

Washington,  a  region  of  land  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
discovered  in  1854  by  the  United  States  Expedition  under 
Dr.  Kane.  It  is  connected  to  Greenland  by  an  immense 
glacier,  which,  issuing  in  60°  W.  Ion.,  runs  nearly  due  N., 
presenting  a  face  300  feet  in  perpendicular  height. 

Wash'ington,  or  Uahuga,  oo-i-hoo'ga,  one  of  the 
Marquesas  Islands,  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  8°  56'  S.; 
Ion.  139°  33  W.  It  is  about  9  miles  long,  and  of  striking 
appearance,  forming  a  mountain  2430  feet  high. 


Washington  Borough,  Lancaster  co..  Pa.  See 
Washington. 

Washington  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Washington  College,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Tenn.    Here  is  the  Washington  Female  College. 

Washington  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co., 
Cal.,  in  Washington  township. 

Washington  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
4  miles  from  Morristown.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Washington  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  <fc  Western  Railroad,  at 
Washington  Station,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Washington  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  ou., 
Conn.,  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Litch- 
field. It  has  an  academy,  2  grist-mills,  a  machine-shop, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  cigar-factory,  2  carriage-shops,  a  match- 
factory,  Ac. 

Washington  Four  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Washing- 
ton township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  J  mile  from  Millbrook. 
It  has  a  church. 

Washington  Gulch,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp 
of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena. 

Washington  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co.. 
Wis.,  is  on  Washington  Island  and  on  Green  Bay,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Oconto.     It  has  a  church. 

Washington  Heights,  a  post-village  in  Calumet 
township,  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pa- 
cific and  Columbus,  Chicago,  and  Indiana  Central  Railroads, 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  a  female  seminary,  a  military 
scnool,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Many  citizens  of  Chicago 
reside  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2283. 

Washington  Hollow,  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  oo.. 
N.Y.,  on  the  W.  border  of  Washington  township,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  hotel, 
and  the  buildings  erected  for  the  annual  exhibitions  of  the 
Dutchess  County  Agricultural  Society. 

Washington  Lake,  a  township  of  Sibley  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  851. 

Washington  Mills,  a  post- village  in  New  Hartford 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  division  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.  of 
Utica.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  forks,  hoes,  Ac. 

Washington,  Mount.    See  Mount  Washingtoh. 

Washington  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  1^ 
miles  from  Chatham  Station.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Washington  Plantation,  a  township  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  62. 

Washington  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Olen- 
wood  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  E.  of  De- 
oorah.     It  has  a  church. 

Washington's  Crossing,  a  hamlet  in  Hopewell 
township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  opposite  Taylorsville,  Pa.,  to 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  Here  in  the  winter  of 
1776  Washington  made  his  famous  passage  of  the  Delaware. 

Washington  Station,  Ohio.    See  Sahsonville. 

Washington  Village,  Rhode  Island.   See  Coventrt. 

Wash'ingtonville,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Plainfiold.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Washingtonville,  a  post-village  in  Blooming  Grove 
township.  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Otter  Kil  Creek  and  a  branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  large  vineyard,  and  manufactures  of  wine,  ex- 
tracts, and  wagon-spokes.     Pop.  about  450. 

Washingtonville,  New  York.    See  Mamaroneck 

Washingtonville,  a  post-village  of  Ohio,  is  on  the 
N.  boundary  of  Salem  township,  Columbiana  co.,  and  is 
partly  in  Mahoning  co.  It  is  on  the  Niles  <k  New  Lisbon 
Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  New  Lisbon,  and  about  5 
miles  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac. 

Washingtonville,  a  post-borough  in  Derry  township, 
Montour  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  172. 

Washita,  Arkansas  and  Louisiana.     See  Ouachita. 

Wash'misker  Isles,  a  group  near  the  Saguenay 
coast,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Washoe,  w5sh-o',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada, 
borders  on  California.  Area,  about  5620  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  also  intersected  by  the  Truckee 
River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and  other  evergreen  trees.  It 
comprises  a  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  with 
some  fertile  valleys,  which  produce  barley,  oats,  grass,  Ac. 
Gold,  silver,  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export 


WAS 


2773 


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Thia  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad, 
Capital,  Reno.  Pop.  in  1870,  3091;  in  1880,  6664;  in 
1890,  6437. 

Washoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  CaSon  oo.,  Idaho,  on  the 
Snake  River,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Bois6  City. 

Washoe  City,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Washoe  co., 
Nevada,  is  on  the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  Reno,  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carson  City. 

Washougal,  Washington.     See  Parkerville. 

Washta,  wSsh'taw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  17  miles  below 
Cherokee. 

Washtenaw,  wSsh'te-naw,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Huron  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Raisin 
and  Macon  Rivers  and  the  East  Branch  of  Qrand  River, 
the  Indian  name  of  which  is  Washtenong.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  For- 
ests of  the  hickory,  ash,  beech,  maple,  oak,  and  other  trees 
cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  hay,  wool,  oats,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Bevonian  sandstone  underlies  a  large  part  of 
the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad  and  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  The  Detroit,  Lansing  4  Northern  Railroad 
passes  through  the  N.E.  part  of  it.  Capital,  Ann  Arbor. 
Pop.  in  1870,  41,434;  in  1880,  41,848;  in  1890,  42,210. 

Washtenong,  Michigan.     See  Grand  River. 

Washtnc'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Wash.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  30  miles  E.  of 
Connell.    Ten  miles  S.W.  is  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Wasigny,  vi^seen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 
8  miles  N.  of  Rethel.     Pop.  of  commune,  1076. 

Wasilkow,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vasilkot. 

Was4o'ja,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  in  Was- 
loja  township,  about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochester,  and 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Zum- 
bro  River.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.  Pop.  324; 
of  the  township,  905.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroad. 

Wasingan,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vasiooqan. 

Was'key's  Mills,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Was'kom  Station,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Marshall. 
Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Waslni,  or  Yaslai,  vis-loo'ee,  a  town  of  Roumania, 
in  Moldavia,  on  the  Berlat,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yassy.  Pop. 
7760. 

Wasmes,  ^ilm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  6 
miles  W.  of  Mons.  Pop.  8098.  It  has  coal-mines,  brew- 
eries, flour-mills,  <fec. 

Wasmes  -  Andemetz  -  Briffoeil,  Mm-4Nd'm4'- 
breef  ^fui',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  7  miles  E.S.B. 
of  Tournay.     Pop.  of  commune,  11,714. 

Waspik,  wis'pik,  a  village  and  parish  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Breda.    P.  2550. 

Was'saic,  a  post-village  in  Amenia  township,  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  85  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  the  City  Hall,  New  York.  It  has  a  hotel,  an 
iron-blast-furnace,  a  condensed-milk-factory,  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory,  <fcc. 

Wassau,  Marathon  co..  Wis.    See  Wausau. 

Wasseiges,  <^4s^saizh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  35  miles  W.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1054. 

Wasselnheim,  Ms's^ln-hime^  or  Wasselonne, 
T4s^8§h-lonn',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  3250,  or,  with  Brechlingen, 
4042,  who  are  employed  in  tanneries  and  in  the  manufacture 
of  woollen  and  cotton  yarn,  hosiery,  candles,  brandy,  oils, 
flour,  and  pottery. 

Wassenaar,  wis's^h-n&RS  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  5  miles  W.  of  Leyden, 
and  2  miles  from  the  North  Sea.     Pop.  3119. 

Wasserbnrg,  Ms's^r-bSfiRO^  a  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
raria,  on  the  Inn,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  3633. 

Wasserleben,  ■fris's^r-li^b^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Saxony,  government  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Magdeburg,  on  the  Ilse.     Pop.  1507. 

Wasserols,  Prussia.     See  Khtthusnols. 

Wassertrtidingen,  ^is'sgr-trtt^ding-^n,  a  walled  town 
of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Middle  Franoonia,  on  the  Wernitz,  and 
on  a  railway,  19  miles  S.  of  Anspaoh.     Pop.  1743. 

Wassigny,  vis^seen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aisne,  31  miles  N.  of  Laon-     Pop.  1340. 

Wassiougan,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Vasioogan, 

Was'sonville,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  English  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Iowa  City. 


Wassotah,  was-so'ti,  a  strong  hill-fort  of  South  India, 
20  miles  W.  of  Sattarah,  and  taken  by  the  British  in  1818. 

Wastedo,  wSs-te'do,  a  post-village  in  Leon  township, 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Red  Wing. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Wast'water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
parish  of  St.  Bees.  It  is  the  deepest  of  the  Cumberland 
lakes,  being  45  fathoms  in  depth  off  the  S.  shore. 

Wasungen,  ^i'soong-^n,  a  town  of  Saxe-Meiningen, 
on  the  Werra,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  2459. 

Wasnngen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  WAHtrsGEN. 

Watab,  wah't&b,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn., 
in  Watab  township,  on  the  B.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  9  miles 
above  St.  Cloud.  Here  is  a  granite-quarry.  Pop.  22 ;  of 
the  township,  69. 

Wataga,  wah-tah'ga,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  town- 
ship, Knox  CO.,  IlL,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <t  Quincy 
Railroad,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  6  churches 
(in  two  of  which  the  Swedish  language  is  used),  a  graded 
school,  a  steam  grist-mill,  a  banking-house,  and  2  wagon* 
shops.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  734. 

Watanwan,  Minnesota.     See  Watonwan. 

Watauga,  wi-taw'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  ot 
about  392  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Watauga 
and  New  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  monn- 
tainous  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  Blue  Ridge 
extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county,  and  the  Iron 
Mountains  mark  the  boundary  between  it  and  Tennessee. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  Ac.  Capital, 
Boone.    Pop.  in  1870,  5287 ;  in  1880,  8160 ;  in  1890, 10,611. 

Watanga,  a  township  of  Watauga  oo.,  N.C.     P.  666. 

Watauga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Watauga  River,  9  miles  from  Carter's  Depot.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  <tc. 

Watauga  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Watauga  River  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  Watauga 
CO.,  N.C,  from  which  it  passes  into  East  Tennessee.  It 
runs  westward  through  Carter  co.,  and  enters  the  Holston 
River  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Jonesborough. 

Wat^chemo'ket,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Pawtucket  River,  at  its  month, 
about  1  mile  E.S.E.  of  Providence.     It  has  3  churches. 

Watch  Hill,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in  Westerly  township,  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  3  or  4  miles  S.E.  of  Stonington,  Conn.  It  is 
near  Watch  Hill  Point,  a  bold  promontory  which  is  the 
southwestern  extremity  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island.  It 
has  good  bathing-beaches  and  7  hotels.  Thirteen  light- 
houses are  visible  from  this  point. 

Watch^ung',  a  station  of  the  Montclair  <fc  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Watee'o,  one  of  the  Cook  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat. 
19°  58'  S.;  Ion.  158°  6'  W.     Length,  8  miles. 

Waterborough,  wi't^r-biir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Waterborough  township,  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland 
<&  Rochester  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland,  and  4 
miles  N.  of  Alfred.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1548. 

Waterborough,  or  Faiyoy*s,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  Grand  Lake,  15  miles  from 
Gagetown.     It  contains  a  hotel  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Waterborough  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo., 
Me.,  2  miles  from  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  and 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portland.    It  has  2  stores. 

Waterburg,  w4't?r-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins 
CO.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ithaoa.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterbury,  wi'ter-b^r-e,  a  beautiful  city  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley,  on  the 
Naugatuck  River,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  88  miles  N.E.  of  New  York. 
It  is  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Naugatuck  Railroad.  Many  of  the  resi- 
dences are  remarkable  for  their  neatness,  and  are  adorned 
with  shade-trees,  flower-gardens,  and  shrubbery.  In  the 
central  part  of  the  town  is  a  fine  public  park,  from  which 
the  principal  streets  diverge.  On  the  border  of  this  park 
stand  the  new  and  elegant  city  hall  and  St.  John's  Episco- 
pal church,  the  latter  built  of  granite,  in  the  Norman  or 
Gothic  style,  with  a  spire  200  feet  high,  and  an  organ  said 
to  be  the  largest  in  the  state.  The  city  contains  8  churches, 
a  high  school,  several  other  fine  public-school  buildings, 
a  public  library  of  13,000  volumes,  a  boarding-school  for 

firls,  2  national  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to 
800,000,  3  other  banking-houses,  a  scientific  fiooiety,  and 


WAT 


2774 


WAT 


printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers, Waterbury  has  long  been  distinguished  for  its 
varied  and  extensive  manufactures,  which,  according  to 
the  census  returns  of  1890,  employ  a  capital  of  $14,638,476, 
with  an  annual  ^^roduot  valued  at  $15,602,684.  It  has  a 
number  of  rolling-mills,  foundries,  button-factories,  clock- 
factories,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  brass  kettles,  pins, 
wire,  files,  suspenders,  machinery,  silver-plated  ware,  and 
pearl  goods.  It  is  stated  that  three-fifths  of  the  brass  manu- 
factured in  the  United  States  is  made  here.  About  10,000 
fersons  are  employed  in  the  manufactories  of  Waterbury. 
op,  in  1870,  10,826;  in  1880,  17,806;  in  1890,  28,646. 

Waterbaryj  a  post-office  and  station  of  Anne  Arundel 
00.,  Md.,  on  the  Annapolis  &  Elk  Bidge  Bailroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Waterbury,  a  post-village  in  Waterbury  township, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River  and  the  Ver- 
mont Central  Railroad  (Central  division),  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Montpelier,  and  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  is  in 
the  midst  of  fine  mountain-scenery,  and  has  4  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  good  hotel,  and  the  Green  Mountain  Insti- 
tute. The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Waterbury  River. 
Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890,  955 ;  of  the  township,  2232. 

Waterbury  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Waterbury  township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Montpelier. 
Pop.  254. 

Water  Cure,  Beaver  co..  Pa.    See  Phillipsburg. 

Wat'erdown,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  7  miles  N.  of  llam- 
ilton,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  grammar-school,  a  woollen-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
several  hotels,  stores,  and  mills.     Pop.  1000. 

Wat^eree',  a  township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.     P.  3657, 

Wateree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  oo,,  S.C,  on  the 
Wateree  River  and  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &,  Augusta 
Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Wateree  River  rises  in  North  Carolina,  and  is  called 
the  Catawba  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course.  It  runs  nearly 
southward,  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Chester,  Fairfield,  and 
Biohland  cos.,  and  unites  with  the  Congaree  Biver  at  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  Sumter  co.,  to  form  the  Santee  Biver. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Wateree  to  Camden, 

Wat'erfall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va,, 
4  miles  E.  of  Hay  Market.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill. 

Wat'erford,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
on  its  S.  coast,  having  E.  Waterford  Harbor,  separating  it 
from  the  county  of  Wexford,  W.  the  county  of  Cork,  and 
N.  the  counties  of  Tipperary  and  Kilkenny.  Area,  721 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  112,768;  in  1891,  98,251. 
The  Knockmeledown  and  Commeragh  Mountains  inter- 
sect the  county  froni  W.  to  E.,  and  most  of  the  surface  is 
mountainous,  though  there  is  level  land  along  the  rivers 
and  skirting  the  coast,  which  is  indented  by  Tramore,  Dun- 
garvan,  and  Youghal  Harbors.  This  is  the  principal  dairy 
county  of  Ireland.  Bacon  and  butter  are  the  chief  ex- 
ports. Lead,  iron,  and  copper  are  met  with,  but  few  if  any 
mines  are  now  wrought.  Limestone  and  marble  are  the 
chief  mineral  products.  The  fisheries  are  important.  Some 
glass-wares  are  manufactured,  and  it  has  cotton-  and  silk- 
factories.  Waterford,  Lismore,  Dungarvan,  Portia w.  Tal- 
low, and  Cappoquin  are  the  principal  towns.  The  county 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Waterford,  a  city  and  county,  parliamentary  borough, 
and  seaport  of  Ireland,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Suir,  which  forms  its  harbor,  and  is  lined  by  a 
fine  quay  about  1  mile  in  length,  and  crossed  by  a  bridge 
832  feet  in  length,  connecting  it  with  its  suburb  Ferrybank, 
9  miles  from  the  sea.  Pop.  20,852.  The  principal  public 
buildings  are  the  cathedral,  bishop's  palace,  deanery  house, 
two  parish  churches,  the  Boman  Catholic  cathedral,  5  Boman 
Catholic  chapels,  the  College  of  St.  John,  several  Protestant 
churches,  the  town  hall,  chamber  of  commerce,  county  and 
city  prisons,  court-houses,  artillery  barracks,  custom-house, 
the  blue-coat  schools,  several  hospitals,  the  district  lunatic 
asylum,  and  the  savings-bank.  Among  the  public  establish- 
ments are  a  house  of  industry,  mendicity  institution,  several 
orphan  societies,  the  Waterford  Institution,  with  a  library 
and  museum,  and  literary,  scientific,  agricultural,  and  hor- 
ticultural societies.  Waterford  is  the  entrepdt  for  a  large 
extent  of  country,  the  exports  of  which  chiefly  consist  of 
bacon,  live-stock,  dairy  and  agricultural  produce,  salmon, 
and  cotton  goods.  Waterford  has  2  ship-building  yards, 
and  manufactures  of  glass  and  starch,  with  distilleries  and 
breweries.    It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wat'erford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Tuolumne  Biver,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Modesto. 


Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  oo..  Conn., 
in  Waterford  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the 
Shore  Line  division  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Bailroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tnames 
Biver,     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  2701 ;  in  1890,  2661. 

Waterford,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  HI.    Pop.  454. 

Waterford,  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.    See  Waterford  Mills. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cool  Spring  township,  on  a  railroad,  3  or  4  miles  N.W.  of 
La  Porte.     It  has  a  church. 

Waterford,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  828. 

Waterford,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Maguoketa  Biver,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Waterford  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  46  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Portland,  and  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery.  The  township  contains  also  the 
villages  of  North  Waterford  and  South  Waterford.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1286. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Waterford  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  6  or  7  miles  N.W.  of  Pon- 
tiac.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
flour.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1231. 

Waterford,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.    See  Mead's  Mills. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waterford  township,  Da- 
kota CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Cannon  Biver,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Bailroad,  15  or  16  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Faribault.     Pop,  of  the  township,  403, 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co,,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  Central  Bailroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Holly  Springs. 

Waterford,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.    P.  2071. 

Waterford,  or  Waterford  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Camden  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &,  Atlantic  Bailroad,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  glass-factory.    Pop.  331, 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Waterford  township, 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  Biver, 
1  mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  Mohawk,  and  on  the  Rens- 
selaer &  Saratoga  Bailroad  and  the  Champlain  Canal,  lOi 
miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  about  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cohoes. 
A  bridge  across  the  Hudson  connects  this  place  with  Lan- 
singburg.  Waterford  contains  6  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  flour-mills,  3  knitting-mills,  2 
paper-mills,  a  orush-factory,  and  manufactures  of  fire- 
engines,  boilers,  soap,  &q.  Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  5286. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mohawk  Biver. 

Waterford,  Knox  co.,  0.    See  Letbring. 

Waterford,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta,  is  intersected  by  the 
Muskingum  Biver.  It  contains  the  village  of  Beverly,  and 
a  hamlet  named  Waterford,  which  is  20  miles  by  water  from 
Marietta.     Pop.  2046. 

Waterfora,  a  post-borough  in  Waterford  township, 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  Le  Boeuf  Creek,  1  mile  W.  of  Waterford 
Station  of  the  Philadelphia  &,  Erie  Bailroad,  15  miles  S.S.E, 
of  Erie,  and  18  miles  W.  of  Corry.  It  contains  4  churches, 
a  high  school,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  cheese-factory,  2  steam 
tanneries,  a  steam  grist-mill,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  butter-firkins.     Pop.  790 ;  of  township,  1S84. 

Waterford,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.     See  East  Watkrford. 

Waterford,  a  village  in  North  Smithfield  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Providence  <fc 
Worcester  Railroad  and  the  New  York  &  New  England 
Railroad,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Blackstone.  It  has  2 
woollen-mills. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Waterford  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  The  Passumpsic  Railroad  traverses 
the  W.  part  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  879. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  on  Kit- 
toctan  Creek,  3i  miles  from  Clark's  Gap  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     P.  419. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wahkiakum  oo.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  River,  20  miles  below  Kalama. 
It  has  a  factory  for  canning  salmon. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Waterford  township, 
Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Milwau- 
kee, and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Racine.  It  has  valuable 
water-power,  and  contains  3  churches,  2  or  3  flouring-mills, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Pop.  545 ;  of  the  township,  1514. 

Waterford,  a  hamlet  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Digby  Neck,  12  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  150. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on 


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Nanticoke  Creek,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  29 
miles  W.  of  Canfield.  It  contains  4  ohurches,  a  printing- 
office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  an  iron-foundry,  several 
mills,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  900. 

Waterford  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Elkhart  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  & 
Michigan  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  3  churches,  and  about  35  houses. 

Water  Gap,  Pa.    See  Delaware  Water  Gap. 

Wateringbury,  w&'t^r-ing-b^r-e,  a  parish  and  formerly 
a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  with  a  station  on 
khe  Southeastern  Railway,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Maidstone. 
Pop.  1320, 

Wateringen,  wi't^r-ing^^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rotter- 
dam.    Pop.  1550. 

Waterland,  wl't^r-lint^  a  district  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  between  Amsterdam  and  Alkmaar. 

Wat'erland,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
between  the  Solomon  Islands  and  Australia. 

Water  Lick,  a  station  in  Warren  oo.,  Va.,  on  the  Mid- 
land Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Front  Royal. 

Waterloo,  wiH§r-loo'  (Dutch,  pron.  MH^r-lo'),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  South  Brabant,  9  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brussels,  famous  for  the  victory  of  the  allied  armies, 
commanded  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  over  the  French, 
commanded  by  Napoleon,  June  18,  1815.  On  the  field  of 
battle  is  an  artificial  mound,  425  feet  in  diameter  at  its 
base,  and  about  150  feet  high,  surmounted  by  a  colossal 
Belgio  lion  of  cast  iron. 

Waterloo,  wiH§r-loo',  a  post- village  of  Lauderdale  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Waterloo,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  111.,  in 
Fountain  township,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  24 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a  large  flour- 
mill,  a  plough-factory,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  1800. 

Waterloo,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  De  Kalb 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson 
<fc  Saginaw  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Air-Line  division 
af  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Kendallville. 
It  contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  2  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  candy,  carriages,  sash, 
doors,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1473. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  671. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     P.  860. 

Waterloo,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa, 
Is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Cedar  River,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Cedar  Falls,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vinton,  and  24  miles 
W.  of  Independence.  It  is  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad.  It  contains  10  churches,  a 
court-house,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank- 
ing-house, a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  9  elevators, 
4  flouring-mills,  2  foundries,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  furniture,  &a.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  The  river  is  here  nearly  600 
feet  wide,  and  affords  valuable  water-power.  Pop.  in  1890, 
6674;  of  Waterloo  township,  3061. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Zansas.    Pop.  767. 

Waterloo,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Point  Coupee  parish.  La., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  5  miles 
above  Port  Hudson,  and  25  miles  above  Baton  Rouge.  It 
has  a  church. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waterloo  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Mich.,  on  Portage  Creek,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  3  ohurches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1327. 

Waterloo,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  on  Fox  River, 
about  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Waterloo,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  32  miles 
E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Waterloo,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles 
W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills, 
and  a  high  school. 

Waterloo,  a  station  in  Merrimack  oo.,  N.H.,  in  War- 
ner township,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  21 
miles  W.  of  Concord. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Sussex 


Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Dover,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Newtoa. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterloo,  a  post- village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  outlet 
of  Seneca  Lake,  and  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva,  3  miles  W. 
of  Seneca  Falls,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Auburn.  It  contains  a 
handsome  court-house,  7  churches,  a  union  school  or  acad- 
emy, a  national  bank,  a  public  hall,  3  flouring-mills,  a  large 
manufactory  of  woollen  shawls,  4  malt-houses,  a  distillery, 
several  machine-shops  and  foundries,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  The  Seneca 
outlet  affords  extensive  water-power  here.     P.  (1890)  4350. 

Waterloo,  a  hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Raleigh. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.    Pop.  1695. 

Waterloo,  a  village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
Canal  and  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  about 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  262. 

Waterloo,  Fayette  co.,  0.    See  Pancoastburg. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
Symmes'  Creek,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  1 
or  2  iron-furnaces. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
S.B.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill,  also  a 
cold  soda  spring. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lack  township,  Juniata 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Tuscarora  Creek,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Carlisle.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  fanning- 
mills. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  in  Wa- 
terloo township,  about  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  4018. 

Waterloo,  a  station  of  the  Alexandria  &  Fredericks* 
burg  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Rappahannock  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  955. 

Waterloo,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Wa- 
tertown.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  bricks,  pumps, 
harvesters,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  815 ;  of  the  township,  1016. 

Wat^erloo',  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  in  the  W.  cen- 
tral part  of  the  province.  Area,  530  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Grand  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  and  Great  Western  Railways.     Pop.  40,251. 

Waterloo,  a  settlement  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
11  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  130. 

Waterloo,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Waterloo,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Grand  River,  2  miles  W.  of  Berlin.  It  haa 
several  churches,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  news- 
papers, a  branch  bank,  about  a  dozen  hotels,  and  manufac- 
tures of  iron  castings,  agricultural  implements,  woollens, 
wooden-ware,  tobacco,  beer,  whisky,  Ac.     Pop.  1594. 

Waterloo,  Welland  co.,  Ontario.     See  Fort  Erie. 

Waterloo,  Frontenao  co.,  Ontario.     See  Cataraqui. 

Waterloo,  a  village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Shefford,  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  A  Chauibly  Railway,  70 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  4  ohurches,  a  branch 
bank,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  an 
academy,  a  brewery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  manu- 
factures of  leather,  furniture,  iron  castings,  mill-machinery, 
agricultural  implements,  Ac,  several  hotels,  and  a  number 
of  stores.     Pop.  1700. 

Waterloo  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Minisink  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterman,  wi't?r-man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Coal  Creek, 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
hotel,  a  drug-store,  and  an  artesian  well  of  mineral  water 
1350  feet  deep. 

Waterman,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  about  74 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Waterman  Plat,  a  village  in  Johnson  township. 
Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  Olneyville.  Pop.  316. 
Here  is  Olneyville  Railroad  Station. 

Waterman  Station,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  town- 
ship, De  Kalb  oo.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad, 
25^  miles  W.  of  Aurora.     It  has  3  ohurches.     Pop.  300. 

Water  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
small  inlet  of  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Sag  Harbor.  It  has  2  grist-mills  and  about 
30  houses. 


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Water  (or  Frizell's)  mills,  a  village  in  Hastings 
•o.,  Ontario,  on  Salmon  River,  10  miles  from  Napanee. 

Waterport,  wi't^r-port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Waterproof,  w&'t§r-proof,  a  post-village  of  Tensas 
parish,  La.,  on  the  W.  bans  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
30  miles  above  Natchez.  It  has  a  good  landing  and  a 
church.     Pop.  about  500. 

Water  Quechee,  a  river  of  Vermont.    See  Quechek. 

Watersa,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides.     See  Vatersa. 

Water  Shops,  a  station  of  the  Connecticut  Central 
Railroad,  in  Springfield,  Mass.  (Hampden  co.),  3  miles  from 
the  terminus  of  the  road.  Here  are  the  "  water  shops"  of 
the  United  States  Armory,  for  which  the  Mill  River  fur- 
nishes power. 

Wat'erside,  a  small  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  oo.  of 
Londonderry,  on  the  Foyle,  opposite  Londonderry,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 

Waterside,  wi't^r-side,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  lime-kilns. 

Wat'erside,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  36  miles  from  Salisbury.  It 
contains  a  chux-ch,  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  5  saw-mills.  Man- 
ganese is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  225. 

Waters'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Waterstown,  Travis  co.,  Tex.    See  Onion  Creek. 

Water  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Juniata  River,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  a  church. 

Wat'ersville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Water  Tank,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 

Wat'erton,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  about  18 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Watertown,  w&'t^r-tSwn,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  in  Watertown  township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Waterbury,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Watertown  Branch  Railroad.  It  ccftitains  3  churches,  the 
Watertown  Academy,  a  large  hotel,  and  a  museum.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Naugatuck  River, 
and  has  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  umbrella-trimmings, 
mouse-traps,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2323. 

Watertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  about 
2  miles  E.  of  Lake  City,  on  the  Florida  Central  A  Penin- 
eular  Railroad.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  general  stores. 

Watertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Island  oo.,  Hi.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  8  miles  above  Davenport.  It 
is  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Mo- 
linc.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Watertown,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Oedar  River,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City. 

Watertown,  a  post-village  in  Watertown  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Charles  River,  and  on  the 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  stove-foundry,  a 
national  arsenal  of  construction,  5  churches,  several  beau- 
tiful residences  and  gardens,  and  manufactures  of  stockings 
and  Cardigan  jackets.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  7073. 

Watertown,  township,  Clinton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1680. 

Watertown,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  600. 

Watertown,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich., 
about  22  miles  N.B.  of  Flint.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  804. 

Watertown,  a  post-village  in  Watertown  township, 
Carver  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  30 
miles  W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Glencoe.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  plough-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1184. 

Watertown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  Black  River,  about  10  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Ontario,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Utica,  and  70  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  on  the 
Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Utica 
A  Black  River  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  10 
churches,  a  high  school,  4  national  banks,  3  other  banks, 
and  a  good  hotel.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Several  bridges  here  cross  the  river,  which 
is  60  yards  wide.  The  rapids  of  the  river  afford  abundant 
hydraulic  power  at  this  place.  It  has  manufactures  of 
flour,  leather,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  and  farming- 
implements,  4  paper-mills,  several  foundries,  a  manu- 
factory of  sewing-machines,  and  a  large  manufactory  of 
•pring-wagons.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,697;  in  1890,  14,725. 

Watertovrn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Watertown  township. 


Washington  co.,  0.,  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  181. 

Watertown,  a  city,  capital  of  Codington  co.,  S.D., 
about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sioux  Falls.  Four  railroads 
centre  here, — the  Chicago  A  Northwestern,  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern,  the  Minneapolis  A  St.  Louis, 
and  the  Great  Northern.  It  is  in  a  rich  farming  country, 
of  which  it  is  the  trade  centre.  Here  are  many  grain  ware- 
houses and  elevators,  also  various  manufactures  of  ma- 
chinery, ploughs,  Ac.  One  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  746;  in  1890,  2672. 

Watertown,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  is  finely  situated  on 
both  sides  of  Rock  River,  on  the  northern  boundary  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  and  is  partly  in  Dodge  oo.  It  is  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  37  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Madison, 
44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Milwaukee,  and  39  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Janesville.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Northwestern  University 
(Lutheran),  organized  in  1865.  It  has  13  churches,  2 
national  banks,  a  high  school,  a  Catholic  college,  4  weekly 
newspapers,  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  beer, 
chairs,  cigars,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  8755. 

Watervale,  wi't§r-val,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Limestone  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Water  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  44  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Paducah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Water  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  Oxford,  and  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grenada.  It  con- 
tains 7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  numerous  stores,  and 
the  machine-shops  and  car-works  of  the  railroad  company, 
and  has  manufactures  of  ploughs,  sash,  doors,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2220  ;  in  1890,  2832. 

Water  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamburg  township, 
Erie  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Eighteen  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Buffalo 
A  Jamestown  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  about 
20  dwellings,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  flour,  and  farm- 
ing-implements. 

Water  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 
Water  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Laconia. 

Waterville,  wi't^r-vil,  a  post-village  in  Waterbury 
township.  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Naugatuck  River, 
and  on  the  Naugatuck  and  New  York  A  New  England  Rail- 
roads, 3  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Waterbury.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  pocket-knives. 
Waterville,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 
Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Paint  Creek  township, 
Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Waukon  A  Mississippi  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Waukon.  It  has  a  flour-mill  on 
Paint  Creek.     Pop.  about  160. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Waterville  township, 
Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Little  Blue  River,  about  3 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  100  miles  W.  of  Atchison,  and 
about  38  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Manhattan.  It  contains  a 
savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
churches,  and  a  graded  school  with  a  fine  building.  It  has 
abundant  water-power.  Pop.  in  1890,  577 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1265. 

Waterville,  an  enterprising  city  of  Maine,  in  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  is  situated  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Ken- 
nebec River,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Augusta,  and  81 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  It  contains  8  churches,  3 
national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  loan  and  safe  deposit  com- 
pany, 4  newspaper  offices,  2  large  cotton-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  railroad-oars,  machinery,  furniture,  shirts,  doors, 
sash  and  blinds,  and  iron  castings,  and  about  100  stores 
and  other  business  concerns.  Here,  in  the  Kennebec,  are 
the  Ticonic  Falls,  forming  magnificent  water-power,  which 
is  utilized  in  operating  a  flouring-mill  in  the  city  and  an 
extensive  pulp-  and  paper-mill  (recently  erected  at  a  cost 
of  about  $1,000,000),  which,  although  situated  in  the  town 
of  Winslow,  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  is  virtually 
a  Waterville  enterprise.  Waterville  is  the  seat  of  Colby 
University  (Baptist), — established  in  1820  as  Waterville 
College, — which  has  a  faculty  of  15  instructors,  an  attend- 
ance of  over  200  students  of  either  sex,  and  a  library  of 
29,000  volumes.  Cobum  Classical  Institute,  at  Waterville, 
Hebron  Academy,  at  Hebron,  Ricker  Classical  Institute, 
at  Houlton,  and  Higgins  Classical  Institute,  at  Charleston, 
are  under  the  control  of  the  faculty  of  Colby  University. 
Pop.  of  Waterville  in  1880,  4672;  in  1890,  7107;  present 
pop.  about  9000. 


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2777 


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Waterville,  apost-village  of  Worcester  co.,Mass., on  the 
Ware  River  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Winchendon.    P.  473. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Waterville  township,  Le 
Sueur  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minneapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Faribault,  and  22  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw- 
mills. The  township  is  drained  by  Cannon  River,  which 
here  expands  into  two  small  lakes.    Pop.  of  township,  1004. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Sangerfield  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  6  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
and  manufactures  of  shoes,  hop-presses,  &c.     Pop.  1182. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Waterville  township,  Lu- 
cas CO.,  0.,  on  the  N.W.  bank  of  the  Maumee  River,  and  on 
the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school;  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  in  1890,  586 ;  of  the  township,  2037. 

Waterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Pine  Creek,  about  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterville,  a  post-office  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex.,  about 
25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Waterville,  a -post- village  in  Waterville  township,  La- 
moille CO.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Lamoille  River, 
about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  axes,  augers, 
cradles,  doors,  sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  township,  573. 

Waterville,  a  township  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.     P.  1128. 

Waterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  near 
Bark  River,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Wat'erville,  a  post- village  and  settlement  in  Carleton 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  9  miles  from  Woodstock.  It  has  a  tan- 
nery and  several  mills.     Pop.  500. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  S.  side  of  Washademoak  Lake,  20  miles  from 
Hampton.     Pop.  250. 

Waterville,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Pined  Village. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
li  miles  from  Aylesford.     Pop.  175. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  Coaticook  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  111 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, and  several  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Watervliet,  vV3,H§r-vleet',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  frontiers  of  the  Netherlands,  16  miles  N. 
of  Ghent.     Pop.  2073. 

Watervliet,  wiHer-vleet',  a  post-village  in  Watervliet 
township,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Paw  Paw  River  and 
the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
St.  Joseph,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Niles.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  about 
300  ;  of  the  township,  1718. 

Watervliet,  a  township  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
22,609.  It  contains  Green  Island,  West  Troy,  and  several 
other  villages. 

Watervliet,  Montgomery  co.,  0.    See  Shakerstown. 

Watervliet  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Watervliet 
township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Niskayuna  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany. 

Wat'ford,  a  market- town  of  England,  co.  of  Herts,  on 
the  ancient  Watling  Street,  close  to  a  ford  over  the  Colne 
(whence  its  name),  and  with  a  station  on  the  Northwestern 
Railway,  15  miles  N.W.  of  London.  Pop.  7461.  The  town 
has  a  spacious  church,  several  chapels,  library,  school  of 
science,  free  schools,  almshouses,  and  other  charities.  The 
manufactures  of  straw  plait  and  malting  are  important, 
and  the  town  is  a  large  mart  for  corn  and  live-stock. 

Wat'ford,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  en 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  33  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
contains  2  grist-mills,  3  saw-mills,  about  a  dozen  stores,  and 
3  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Wathena,  wath-e'na,  a  post-village  in  Washington 
township,  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  about  1  mile  from  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  <k  Denver  City  Rail- 
road, 5i  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  is  surrounded  by  hills 
commanding  fine  views,  and  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  5  churches,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  about  750. 

Wath  on  Dearne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  a  railway,  5i  miles  N.  of  Rotherham.  It 
has  potteries  and  collieries.     Pop.  2142. 

VVatkins,  wSt'klnz,  a  post-township  of  Arapahoe  co., 
Col.    The  post-office  is  at  Box  Elder  Station. 

Watkins,  a  post- village  in  St.  Clair  township,  Benton 
eo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches.  P.  175. 
175 


Watkins,  a  station  of  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  A  South- 
western Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hillsdale,  Mich. 

Watkins,  a  township  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  816. 

Watkins,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.T., 
is  situated  on  a  plain  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Seneca  Lake, 
and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  El- 
mira,  35  miles  S.  of  Geneva,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester, 
and  288  miles  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of 
the  Chemung  Canal.  Steamboats  navigate  the  lake  in  all 
seasons  of  the  year,  and  make  several  trips  in  a  day  between, 
Watkins  and  Geneva.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  national 
banks,  the  Watkins  Academy  and  Union  School,  2  news- 
paper offices,  3  foundries,  a  tannery,  a  steam  flouring-mill, 
a  plaster-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes.  Pop. 
about  3000.  In  its  vicinity  is  a  deep  rocky  ravine,  called 
Watkins  Glen,  which  annually  attracts  great  multitudes 
of  visitors,  and  to  which  access  is  gained  by  several  bridges 
and  staircases.  It  is  about  2^  miles  long,  and  its  upper  end 
is  nearly  800  feet  higher  than  the  lake.  In  this  glen  are 
numerous  beautiful  cascades,  some  of  which  are  60  feet  high. 

Watkins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Dover  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Watkins  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn., 
14  miles  E.  of  Stanton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wat'kinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oconee  co., 
Ga.,  7  miles  S.  of  Athens,  and  about  65  miles  E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  court-house  and  1  or  2  churches.    Pop.  about  500. 

Watkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss., 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Meridian. 

Watkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  30 
miles  W.  of  Reidsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Watkinsville,  a  hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Bumpass  Station.     It  has  3  churches  near  it. 

Wat'ling  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  British  West 
Indies,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cat  Island.  Lat.  23°  56'  7"  N. ; 
Ion.  74°  28'  W.  Length,  18  miles.  Soil  fertile;  a  lake 
occupies  its  centre.  It  claims  the  distinction  of  having 
been  the  first  land  in  the  New  World  seen  by  Columbus. 
See  San  Salvador. 

Wat'ling  Street,  a  famous  Roman  highway,  extend- 
ing across  South  Britain  in  a  direction  from  S.E.  to  N.W. 
Commencing  at  Dover,  it  extends  past  Canterbury,  Rochester, 
and  Dartford,  to  the  city  of  London,  a  street  in  which  re- 
tains its  name  ;  thence  it  proceeds  through  the  cos.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, Herts,  Bucks,  Northampton,  Warwick,  and  Stafford, 
to  Chester,  and  W.  through  North  Wales  to  Carnarvon,  in 
Carnarvonshire.  From  Wroxeter  a  branch  proceeds  N.  to 
Manchester,  Lancaster,  Kendal,  and  Cockermouth,  and 
thence  into  Scotland.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  named, 
in  honor  of  Vitellius,  the  Via  (or  Strata)  Vitellina,  of 
which  the  modern  name  is  a  Saxon  corruption. 

Wat'lington,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Oi- 
ford,  between  two  roads  from  Oxford  to  London,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  curious  market-cross. 

Watonwan,  wah'tyn-wSn,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Watonwan  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the 
Perch  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  groves,  and  little  lakes. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  Ac,  are 
the  staple  products,  and  are  plentifully  grown.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha 
Railway.  Capital,  St.  James.  Pop.  in  1870,  2426;  in 
1880,  5104;  in  1890,  7746. 

Watonwan,  a  hamlet  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Watonwan  River,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato. 

Watonwan  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Cottonwood  oo., 
runs  nearly  eastward  through  Watonwan  co.,  and  enters  the 
Blue  Earth  River  in  Blue  Earth  co.,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Mankato. 

Wato'pa,  township,  Wabashaw  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  460. 

Waton,  *iHoo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  of  commune,  3078. 

Watrous,  Mora  oo..  New  Mexico.     See  La  Junta. 

Watrousville,  wSt'rQs-vil,  a  post-village  of  Tusocla 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Juniata  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Vassar,  and 
22  miles  E.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  213. 

Watseka,  w5t-se'kah,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  is  on  the  Iroquois  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Sugar 
Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Toleda,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  85 
miles  S.  of  Chicago,  46  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and  14  miles 
E.  of  Gilman.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It 
has  40  flowing  artesian  wells  100  to  160  feet  deep.  Pop. 
about  2000. 


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2778 


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Watson,  wot'spn,  a  post-village  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  &,  Texas  Railroad,  24  miles  N. 
of  Arkansas  City. 

Watson,  a  post-village  in  Watson  township,  Effingham 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  of  Effingham.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1066. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
A  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Jeffersonville. 

Watson,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis &  Yincennes  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of  Yincennes. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Watson,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  16  miles 
W.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  several  churches  and  2  stores. 

Watson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Hamburg,  Iowa.  It  has  a 
church. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head  oo.,  Montana. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Neb.,  about  50 
miles  S.AV.  of  Kearney. 

Watson,  a  post-village  in  Watson  township,  Lewis  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Black  River,  about  2i  miles  E.  of  Lowville.  It 
has  a  church  and  several  lumber-mills.  Steamboats  run 
close  to  Watson  Post-Office.  The  township  comprises  sev- 
eral lakes  and  large  forests.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1299. 

Watson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  12  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Casselton. 

Watson,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  280. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Milam  oo.,  Tex. 

Watson  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  oo.,  Mich. 

Watson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Watson's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  On- 
tario, 19  miles  N.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Watson  Settlement,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carleton  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  200. 

Watson's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6i  miles 
N.E.  of  Tiffin.     Here  is  a  church. 

Watsontown,  wot'sQu-tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Kirkwood. 

Watsontown,  a  post-borough  in  Delaware  township, 
Northumberland  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad, 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Williamsport,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Lewis- 
burg.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  tannery,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  car- 
riage-factory, Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2167. 

Watsonville,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pajaro  River  and  the  Santa  Cruz  Railroad,  5  miles  from 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  Cruz.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  and  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
3  lumber-mills,  a  tannery,  2  flour-mills,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  shingle-mills,  and  a  soap-factory.  It  is  surrounded  by 
beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  2149. 

Watsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  oo.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
W.  of  Middleburg.     Pop.  about  100. 

Watsonville,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Watt,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  W.  of 
Indiana,  and  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 

Watten,  vit*t6s<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Aa,  and  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Omer. 
Pop.  1331. 

Wattenheim,  ^it't^n-hime^  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
Palatinate,  9  miles  S.S.B.  of  Griinstadt.     Pop.  1475. 

Wattenscheidt,  or  Wattenscheid,  ^a.t't§n-shite\ 
a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  41  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arns- 
berg.     Pop.  5074.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Wattenweil,  Mt't^n-^ile",  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     P.  2160. 

Wat'terstown,  a  township  of  Grant  oo..  Wis.    P.  604. 

Wattignies,  vitHeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Lille.  Pop.  961.  The  French  van- 
quished the  Austrians  here  in  1793. 

Wat'ton,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  on  the  border  of  the  open  tract  of  Filand,  21  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Norwich.  Pop.  1388.  Near  it  is  Wayland  (or 
Wailing)  Forest,  the  reputed  scene  of  the  tragic  ballad  of 
the  "Babes  in  the  Wood." 

Wattrelos,  vitH'r-lo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4102.  It  ha«  extensive  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  and  oil-mills. 

Watts,  a  station  in  Sangamon  oo.,  HI.,  on  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Watts,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  725. 

Wattsborough,  w&ts'b&r-riih,  a  post-village  of  Lu- 


nenburg CO.,  Ya.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Bellefont.     It  hai  8 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill  on  Meherrin  River. 

Watts'burg,  a  post-borough  in  Yenango  township,  Erie 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Erie.  It  has  1 
or  2  grist-mills,  a  lumber-mill,  and  3  churches.      Pop.  286. 

Watts  (wits)  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Jamestown. 

Watts  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Sewickley  township.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Watts 'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Fox 
township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 

Wattwiller,  Mt'*il-l§p  (Fr.  pron.  vatVeePlaiR'),  a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Belfort. 
Pop.  1502. 

Wattwyl,  ♦itt'^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
17  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur.  Pop.  of  parish, 
5494,  employed  in  manufactures  of  muslins  and  calico. 

Waubeck,  waw'bek,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Maine  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  222. 

Waubeck,  a  post-township  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.,  about 
27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Chippewa  River.     Pop.  237. 

Waubecka,  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.     See  Fredonia. 

Waubesa  (waw-be'sa)  Lake,  Dane  co..  Wis.,  is  the 
second  of  the  chain  of  Four  Lakes  (which  see).  It  is  about 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  and  is  nearly  4  miles  long. 

Waubesepinicon.    See  Wapsipinicon. 

Wauceda,  Michigan.     See  Wacedah. 

Wauconia,  waw-ko'ma,  a  post-village  in  Eden  town- 
ship, Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Decorah. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.    Pop.  225. 

Wauconda,  waw-kon'da,  a  post-village  in  Wauoonda 
township.  Lake  co.,  HI.,  on  a  beautiful  lake,  about  42  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  or  3  churches, 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1120. 

Waucousta,  Iowa.    See  Wacocsta. 

Wauconsta,  waw-koos't^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  da 
Lao  CO.,  Wis.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Waacnila,  waw-kQl'Ia,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  oo., 
Kansas.     Pop.  209. 

Waugh's  (wawz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo., 
W.  Ya.,  on  Elk  River,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston.  Hera 
is  a  saw-mill. 

Wangh's  Ran'cho,a  post-office  of  La  Salle  co.,Tex. 

Wauhatchie,  waw-hatch'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamil- 
ton CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad 
and  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  5^  miles  S.W. 
of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Wau-hil-lau,  waw-hil-Iaw',  a  post-village  of  the  Cher- 
okee Nation,  Indian  Territory,  14  miles  from  Tahlequah. 

Wauhoo,  Saunders  co..  Neb.     See  Wahoo. 

Wankau,  waw'kaw,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  oc.. 
Wis.,  in  Rushford  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Omro,  and 
J  2  miles  W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  292. 

Waukechon,  or  Waukecheon,  waw'ke-shon,  a  post- 
township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  is  intersected  by  Wolf 
River,  on  which  a  large  quantity  of  pine  timber  is  floated 
or  rafted.     Pop.  415. 

Waukee,  waw'kee,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  <fc  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  14 J  miles  W.  of 
Des  Moines,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Adel,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  another  railroad.     Pop.  245. 

Waukeenah,  wah-kee'nah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Fla.,  about  28  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a 
church. 

Waukegan,  waw-ke'gan,  a  city,  capital  of  Lake  co., 
111.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &,  Milwaukee  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Chicago,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee.  The  lake  is  about 
80  miles  wide  opposite  this  place.  The  principal  part  of 
the  town  is  built  on  a  bluff  which  rises  rather  abruptly  to 
the  height  of  50  feet.  Between  the  bluff  and  the  shore 
is  a  flat  tract  of  ground  about  400  yards  wide,  which  is 
occupied  by  gardens,  dwellings,  warehouses,  and  manufac- 
tories. Waukegan  contains  8  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  steam  flouring-mills, 
several  tanneries,  the  Forsyth  Scale  Works,  a  pump-factory 
and  a  silver-plating  establishment.  It  has  also  manufac- 
tures of  farming-implements,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds,  <fco. 
Grain,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  which  have  been  analyzed  and 
are  said  to  have  valuable  properties.     Pop.  in  1890,  49K. 


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Waukesha,  waw'k^-shi,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Fox  or  Pishtaka  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by 
Bark  River  and  Ooonomowoo  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  "  oak  openings,"  nu- 
merous small  lakes,  and  dense  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.  One  of  the  lakes,  named  Pewaukee, 
is  5  or  6  miles  long.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul,  Chicago  <fc  Northern,  and  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroads.  Capital,  Waukesha.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,274 ;  in 
1880,  28,957;  in  1890,  33,270. 

Waukesha,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Waukesha  oo.. 
Wis.,  is  on  the  Fox  or  Pishtaka  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee, 
and  75  miles  E.  of  Madison.  It  is  on  the  northern  border 
of  Waukesha  township.  It  has  7  churches,  a  stone  court- 
house built  of  fine  limestone  quarried  in  the  immediate 
vicinity,  a  national  bank,  1  other  banking-house,  3  news- 
paper offices,  a  school  called  Carroll  College,  a  high  school, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6321 ;  of  the  township,  7480. 

Waukon,  waw,-kon',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Allama- 
kee CO.,  Iowa,  in  Makee  township,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lan- 
sing, and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Decorah.  It  is  the  N.E. 
terminus  of  the  AVaukon  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  a  rich  farming-district.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  bank. 

Waumandee,  waw'man-de,  or  Wau'manda,  a  post- 
hamlet  in  Waumandee  township,  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  on  Eagle 
River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Winona,  Minn.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1053. 

Wannakee,  waw'na-ke,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  in  Westport  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church. 
Wauneta,  waw-ne'ta,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co..  Neb. 
Waupaca,  waw-pah'k3,,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part 
of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  750  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Little  AVolf  and  Waupaca  Rivers,  affluents  of  the 
Wolf  River,  which  runs  through  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  beech,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats, 
hay,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central,  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  &  Western,  and  Green  Bay,  Winona  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Waupaca.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,539;  in  1880, 
20,955;  in  1890,  26,794. 

Waupaca,  or  Waupacca,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on 
Waupaca  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
37  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Menasha,  and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Stevens  Point.  It  has  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  bank- 
ing-houses, a  newspaper  office,  2  tanneries,  2  flour-mills,  2 
foundries  with  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  sash, 
blinds,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  2127. 

Waupaca  Kiver,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Portage  co.,  runs 
eastward  in  Waupaca  co.,  and  enters  the  Wolf  River. 

Waupecong,  or  Wawpecong,  waw'pe-kong,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Peru. 

Waupeton,  or  Waupaton,  waw'p^-ton,  a  post-office 
and  station  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
Wau^ponsee',  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  111.  P.  720. 
Waupun,  waw-piin',  a  post-village  of  Wisconsin,  on 
the  boundary  between  Dodge  and  Fond  du  Lao  cos.,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  (Northern  di- 
vision), 15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ripon,  and  19  miles  S.W.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.  It  is  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad.  It  is  partly  in  Waupun  township, 
and  partly  in  Chester,  which  is  in  Dodge  co.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  state  prison. 
It  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  carriages,  ploughs,  wind- 
mills, <to.  Good  limestone  abounds  here.  P.  (1890)  2757. 
Wauregan,  waw-re'gan,  a  post-village  of  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Plainfield  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River 
and  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Norwich.  It  has  large  cotton-mills,  in  which  sheeting  is 
manufactured,  and  2  churches. 

Waurekauri,  waw-re-kaw'ree,  the  largest  of  the  Chat- 
ham Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  New  Zealand. 

Wausan,  waw'saw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marathon 
00.,  Wis.,  in  Wausau  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  River, 


near  the  mouth  of  Rib  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  33 
miles  N.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  has  2  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  saw-mills. 
Large  quantities  of  lumber  are  procured  in  Marathon  co. 
and  sent  down  the  river  by  rafts.  Wausau  has  extensive 
water-power.     Pop.  in  1889,  4277;  in  1890,  9253. 

Wausemon,  waw'se-mon,  a  post-office  of  Green  co., 
Wis.,  on  Pecatonica  River,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monroe. 

Wauseon,  waw'se-on,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton 
CO.,  0.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Toledo,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Napoleon.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school,  5 
churches,  2  machine-shops,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
sash-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2060. 

Waushara,  waw-shah'r^  a  county  of  Wisconsin,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  648  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  Mecan  and  White  Rivers  and  Willow  Creek. 
Fox  River  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
pine,  oak,  sugar- maple,.&c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  (South- 
ern division).  Poygan  Lake  penetrates  this  county  on  the 
east.  Capital,  Wautoma.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,279;  in  1880, 
12,687;  in  1890,  13,507. 

Waushara,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Topeka. 

Wauthier-Braine,  voHe-4'-brin,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Brabant,  on  the  Haine,  12  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 
Pop.  1453. 

Wautoma,  waw-to'ma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  in  Wautoma  township,  about  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  75  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  708. 

Wauwatosa,  waw-wa-to'sa,  a  post-village  in  Wau- 
watosa  township,  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  4233. 

Wauzeka,  wah-ze'ka,  a  post-village  in  Wauzeka  town- 
ship, Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kickapoo,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Prairie  du  Chien.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.   Pop.  of  township,  1094. 

Waveland,  wav'land,  a  post-village  in  Brown  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfords- 
ville  <&  Southwestern  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre 
Haute.  It  contains  the  Waveland  Collegiate  Institute,  a 
graded  school,  6  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Waveland,  a  post- township  of  Pottawattamie  oo.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  465. 

Waveland,  a  post-office  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka. 

Waveland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hancock  oo., 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  and  on  Mis- 
sissippi Sound. 

Wa'veney,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  the  source 
of  the  Little  Ouse,  with  which  it  forms  nearly  the  whole 
boundary  between  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  flows  E.  and  N.E., 
and  joins  the  expansion  of  the  Yare  4  miles  S.W.  of  Yar- 
mouth, after  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Wa'verley,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  3 
miles  from  Rocky  Lake,  and  12  miles  from  Halifax.  This 
is  one  of  the  richest  gold  districts  in  the  province,  and  two 
mines  have  been  opened,  which  yield  good  returns.    P.  600. 

Waver! ey,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  N.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  150. 

Waverlie,  wa'v^r-le,  post-office,  Rockingham  oo.,  Va. 

Wa'verly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Sa- 
vannah <k  Memphis  Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Opelika. 
It  has  a  church,  2  schools,  and  2  stores. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  in  Waverly  township,  Morgan 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Jacksonville,  Northwestern  A  Southeastern 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  news- 

Eaper   office,  a  public-school  house  which  cost  $25,000,  2 
anks,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  farm- 
ing-implements.    Pop.  in  1880,  1124 ;  in  1890,  1337. 
Waverly,  Cass  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Waverly. 
Waverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on  White 
River,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Waverly,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa,  on 

the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Iowa  Paoifio  Railroad  where  it 

I  crosses  the  Cedar  Falls  A  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illinoii 


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2780 


WAY 


Central  Railroad,  12  miles  N".  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Charles  City.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  in  ]890,  2346. 

Waverly^  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  Burlington  &,  Santa  F6  Railroad,  19  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Waverly,  a  post- village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  plough-factory,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  about  25  families. 

Waverly^  a  post-office  of  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Yicksburg,  Shrereport  &  Texas  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of 
Vicksburg. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  1  or  2 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  8  churches,  2  public  schools, 
and  manufactures  of  cigars,  carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  about  3800. 

Waverly,  a  post-hamlet  in  Belmont  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  0%,  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  blacking-manufactory. 

Waverly,  a  post-township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Kalamazoo.     Pop.  1104. 

Waverly,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  on  Elm 
Creek,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Fairmount.     Pop.  68. 

Waverly,  a  hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It 
has  a  church.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Waverly  Mills. 
Here  are  two  lakes,  the  distance  between  which  is  about  8 
rods,  and  on  one  of  which  is  a  floating  island  with  an  area 
of  two  acres. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River,  7  miles  above  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  on  or 
near  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  22  miles  E.  of 
Lexington,  and  26  miles  below  that  town  by  water.  It  has 
a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  887. 

Waverly,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1339. 

Waverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek  and  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Waverly,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad 
between  Newark  and  Elizabeth,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newark. 

Waverly,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.     See  Otto. 

Waverly,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.    See  HoLTSViLiiE. 

Waverly,  a  post- village  in  Barton  township,  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Cayuta  Creek,  and  on  the  Erie  and  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroads,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Owego,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Athens.  It  contains  the  Waverly 
Union  High  School,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  7  churches,  3  tanneries,  3  flouring-mills,  a 
paper-mill,  a  foundry,  2  planing-mills,  several  cigar-fac- 
tories, and  car-wheel  works.     Pop.  in  1890,  4123. 

Waverly,  a  village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in  East 
Chester  township,  1  mile  from  Tuckahoe  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  marble-quarry. 

Waverly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Pee- 
Pee  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and  the  Springfield,  Jack- 
son &  Pomeroy  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe,  2  miles 
W.  of  the  Scioto  River,  and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jackson, 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  2  banking-houses, 
5  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Waverly,  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.     See  Abington. 

Waverly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Humphreys  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &,  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
67  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  and  a  high  school. 

Waverly,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Walker  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  55  miles 
N.  of  Houston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Waverly,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Washington. 

Waverly,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co..  Wis. 

Waverly  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Waverly  Mills,  Wright  co.,  Minn.    See  Wavbrlt. 

Waverly  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C. 

Waverly  Station,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Petersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Wavre,  viv'r,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.  Pop.  5986,  who  manu- 
facture hats,  leather,  beer,  and  yarn.  Here  the  French, 
under  Grouchy,  engaged  the  Prussians,  June  18,  1815. 

Wavre-Notre-Dame,  viv'r-not'r-dim,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2365. 

Wavre- Sainte- Catherine,  v4v'r-siNt-kiH§h-reen', 
»  village  of  Belgium,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp.    P.  3^14, 


Wavrin,  vivViu"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2810. 

Wawaka,  waw-waw'ka,  a  post-village  of  Noble  oo., 
Ind.,  in  Elkhart  township,  on  Elkhart  River,  and  on  the 
Air-Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen.  It  has  a  church,  sev- 
eral stores,  a  graded  school,  and  a  stave-factory.    Pop.  252. 

Wawarsing,  wa-war'sing,  a  post-township  of  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  intersected  by  Rondout  Creek  and  the  Dela- 
ware A  Hudson  Canal.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous. 
It  contains  post-villages  named  Ellenville,  Napanoc,  Ker- 
honkson,  and  Wawarsing.  The  last  is  on  Rondout  Creek, 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg.     Pop.  of  township,  8707. 

Wawayanda,  wi-w4-yan'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson. 

Wawayanda,  a  township  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2057.     It  contains  New  Hampton  and  Ridgebury. 

Wavvbinck  (waw'bink)  Kiver,  Wisconsin,  rises  near 
the  centre  of  Waupaca  co.,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  Wolf 
River. 

Wa^wewan'tet  River,  a  stream  of  Plymouth  co.,  lu 
the  E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  flows  into  Buttermilk  Bay. 

Wawn,  a  parish  of  England.     See  Waghen. 

Wawpecong,  Miami  oo.,  Ind.     See  Wmipecong. 

Wawrzenczyce,  ^^^v^zhin-cbeet's^h,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  in  Kielce,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Cracow.     P.  1000. 

Wax^ahach'ie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ellis  oo., 
Tex.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  3  newspapers,  a 
bank,  Marvin  College  (Methodist),  which  was  organized  in 
1869,  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3076. 

Waxahachie  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward 
through  Ellis  co.,  and  enters  Peoan  Creek. 

Waxhaw,  wax'aw,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co., 
S.C,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Rock  Hill  Station.  Pop.  960.  General 
Andrew  Jackson  was  born  here. 

Waxhaw  Creek  rises  in  Union  oo.,  N.C.,  runs  south- 
westward  into  South  Carolina,  and  enters  the  Catawba 
River  in  Lancaster  co. 

Waxholm,  ^4x'holm  (improperly  written  Vaxholm), 
a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  15  miles  E.  of 
Stockholm,  on  the  island  of  Waxo  (^ix'ci),  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Pop.  1022. 

Wax'way,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  th« 
E.  coast  of  Celebes.     Lat.  3°  33'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  17'  E. 

Way  Cross,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ware  oo.,  Ga.,  at 
the  crossing  of  two  railways,  60  miles  W.  of  Brunswick.  It 
has  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of 
naval  stores,  and  numerous  other  business  concerns.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3364. 

Waygeou,  or  Waygiou.    See  Waigeoo. 

Wayland,  wa'land,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  111. 

Wayland,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Wayland  township,  on  the  Sudbury  River,  16  miles  W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  public  library  and  3  churches.  The  8. 
part  of  the  township  touches  Cochituate  Lake.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1766.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Coohitua^, 
which  has  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Wayland,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Wayland  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Allegan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  tannery,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  585 ; 
of  the  township,  1761. 

Wayland,  a  township  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  674. 

Wayland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clarke  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  A  Nebraska  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Alexandria. 

Wayland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Neb.,  29  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Columbus. 

Wayland,  or  Wayland  Depot,  a  post-village  in 
Wayland  township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y,,  on  the  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  49  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and 
5  miles  E.  of  Dansville.  It  has  several  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  lumber  mill,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2334 ;  of 
the  village  in  1890,  679. 

Wayland,  a  station  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Wayland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex.,  100 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Wayland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Waylandsburg,  wa'lands-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cul- 
peper  co.,  Va.,  about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond,  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill, 

Wayland  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Tenn.,  95  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nashville,  and  22  miles  N.E.  of 
Florence,  Ala,     It  has  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring 


WAY 


278J 


WAY 


Waylesburg,  Indiana.    See  Wailesbohough. 

Waylon'zo,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Taylor  oo.,  Fla.,  about  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Tallahassee. 

Waymansville,  wa'manz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bar- 
tholomew CO.,  Ind.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Waymart,  wa'mart,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company's  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Carbondale,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Honesdale.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  normal  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  438. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  721  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Altamaha  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Satilla 
River,  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
poor.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Sa- 
vannah, Florida  &  Western,  the  Brunswick  &  Western,  and 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia.  Capital,  Jesup. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2177;  in  1880,  5980;  in  1890,  7485. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Wabash  River  and  the  Skillet  Fork  of  that  river,  and  also 
drained  by  Elm  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory, 
maple,  beech,  hemlock,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  a  part  of  the  great  coal-field  of  Illi- 
nois. It  is  intersected  by  the  Springfield  division  of  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  by  the  Louisville,  Evans- 
ville  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Fairfield.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,758;  in  1880,  21,291;  in  1890,  23,806. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  head-streams  of  the  Whitewater  River, 
namely,  the  East  Fork,  Noland's  Fork,  Green's  Fork,  and 
the  Martindale  Fork,  which  run  nearly  southward.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple, 
oak,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Good  Silurian  limestone  is  found  here.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  4  railroads, — the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  A  St.  Louis,  the  Fort  Wayne,  Cincinnati  &  Louis- 
ville, the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  and 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana.  Capital,  Richmond.  Pop. 
in  1870,  34,048;  in  1880,  38,613;  in  1890,  37,628. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  Chariton  River,  and  by  two 
branches  of  Locust  Creek,  which  rise  in  it.  The  main 
stream  of  the  Chariton  River  touches  the  N.E.  corner  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  groves  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Keokuk  <fc 
Western  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Humeston 
A  Shenandoah  Railroad.  Capital,  Corydon.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,287;  in  1880,  16,127;  in  1890,  15,670. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  border- 
ing on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  in  the  northern  part  by  the  Cumberland 
River,  and  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  South  Fork  of  that 
river,  and  is  drained  by  Beaver  and  Kennedy's  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
hickory,  ash,  chestnut,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron 
ore  and  limestone.  Capital,  Monticello.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,602;  in  1880,  12,612;  in  1890,12,852. 

Wayne,  the  most  populous  county  of  Michigan,  is  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  state.  Area,  about  565  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  St.  Clair  and  the 
Detroit  River,  which  separates  it  from  Canada,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  Huron  and  Rouge  Rivers.  Lake  Erie  touches 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  elm,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  horses,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Devonian  limestone 
underlies  the  southeastern  part  of  this  csunty,  which  has 
extensive  manufactures  of  iron,  lumber,  machinery,  rail- 
road-cars, and  many  other  articles.  The  annual  value  of  its 
manufactured  products  has  sometimes  exceeded  $25,000,000. 
It  is  intersected  bv  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad, 


the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the 
Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern  Rail- 
road, and  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  A  Milwaukee  Railroad. 
Capital,  Detroit.  Pop.  in  1870,  119,038;  in  1880, 166,444; 
in  1890,  257,114. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  775  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chickasawha  River,  which 
here  runs  southward,  and  also  drained  by  Bucatunna  Creek. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  moderately  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  long-leaved  pine,  oak,  hickory, 
magnolia,  Ac.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  maize,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Tertiary  limestone  is  found  here. 
This  county  is^  traversed  by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Waynesborough,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4206;  in  1880,  8741;  in  1890,  9817. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Big  Black  and  St.  Francis  Rivers,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Castor  River.  All  of  these  run  southeastward.  The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  yellow  pine, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  here. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
A  Southern  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Cape  Girardeau  A 
Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Capital,  Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6068;  in  1880,  9096;  in  1890,  11,927. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  444  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Logan 
Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Plum  Creek,  both  affluents  of 
the  Elkhorn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly 
destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is 
travei'sed  by  two  branches  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A 
Omaha  Railroad.  Capital,  Wayne.  Pop.  in  1870, 182;  in 
1880,  813;  in  1890,  6169. 

Wayne,  a  county  of  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  621 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and 
is  drained  by  Clyde  River  and  by  Mud  Creek,  which  unites 
with  the  Canandaigua  Outlet  at  Lyons.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  long,  low,  and  parallel 
ridges,  the  direction  of  which  is  N.  and  S.  Forests  of  the 
beech,  ash,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees 
cover  nearly  one-sixth  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  hay,  butter,  apples, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  gypsum,  iron  ore,  and  Niagara  limestone  (Upper 
Silurian),  which  is  a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road, the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  and  the  West  Shore 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lyons.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,710;  in  1880, 
51,700  ;  in  1890,  49,729. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Neuse  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little 
River  and  Nahunta  Creek.  The  surface  is  slightly  undu- 
lating, and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  pine,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  A 
Weldon  Railroad,  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  and 
the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  centre  at 
Goldsborough,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870,  18,144;  in  1880, 
24,951 ;  in  1890,  26,100. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Killbuck  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  the  Chippewa  River 
and  Sugar  Creek  and  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Mohican.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  hickory,  elm,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indiun  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter, 
cattle,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which 
has  also  quarries  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Akron  A 
Columbus  Railroad,  and  the  Wheeling  A  Lake  Erie  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Wooster.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,116;  in  1880, 
40,076;  in  1890,  39,005. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, borders  on  New  York.  Area,  about  738  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Lackawaxen  River  and  Equi- 
nunk,  Dyberry,  and  Starucca  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech, 


WAY 


2782 


WAY 


hickory,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  Hay,  butter,  cattle, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms. 
Leather,  butter,  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Old  red  sandstone  (Devonian)  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Canal  and  the  Honesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, the  main  line  of  which  extends  along  the  N.E.  border. 
Capital,  Honesdale.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,188 ;  in  1880,  33,513  ; 
in  1890,  31,010. 

Wayne,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is 
partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Buffalo  River  and  Beach  and  Cypress  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  maple, 
oak,  black  walnut,  pine,  tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  Capital, 
Waynesborough.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,301 ;  in  1890,  11,471. 

Wayne,  an  unorganized  county  of  Utah,  in  the  S. 
central  part  of  the  territory,  made  from  Pi  Ute.  It  con- 
tains the  villages  of  Caineville,  Fremont,  Hanksville,  Loa, 
Teardale,  Thurber,  Ac. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  445  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Sandy 
River  and  the  Tug  Fork  of  that  river,  which  separates  it 
from  Kentucky.  It  is  also  drained  by  Twelve  Pole  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  forests  of 
the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  walnut,  tulip-tree,  &o. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staples. 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  Capital,  Wayne  Court-House. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7852;  in  1880,  14,739;  in  1890,  18,652. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  in  Wayne 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Elgin,  and  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1019. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1742. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.   P.  1836. 

Wayne,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1131. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1398. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3318.  It 
contains  Knightstown. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  804. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1526. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3664. 
It  contains  AVarsaw. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  3738. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    P.  1418. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1236. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1333. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3220. 
It  contains  Union  City. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind,     Pop.  606. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1801. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  adjacent  to 
Richmond.     Pop.  3734. 

Wayne,  a  post-township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa,  about  14 
miles  N.  of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  contains  4  churches  and  a 
pop.  of  1258. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  372. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  644. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2010.     It  contains  Doniphan. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Kennebec 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  beautiful  lake,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and 
manufactures  of  shovel-handles,  sash,  and  blinds.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  938. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1431. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Nankin 
township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Rouge  River,  and  on  the 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  26  miles 
N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  agricultural  works.     Pop.  833. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.     Pop.  630. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  803. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1521. 

Wayne,  a  station  of  the  New  York  A  Greenwood  Lake 
Railroad,  14i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  250.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Keuka.     Pop.  853. 


Wayne,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1169. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  A*htabula  co  ,  0.  It  containa 
Lindenville,  and  has  6  cheese-factories  and  a  pop.  of  817. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  1011. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1700. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.     Pop.  1694. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     Pop.  1729. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1690. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1267. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.     Pop.  766. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1983. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.     Pop.  1336. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1564. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  1658. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     Pop.  1252. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.     Pop.  1160. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  1508- 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  796. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  790. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1132. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop.  2905.  It 
contains  Waynesville  and  Mount  Holly. 

Wayne,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  about  3  mile» 
N.  of  Wooster.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  a  rich 
loam.     It  is  a  purely  agricultural  township.     Pop.  1714. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2028. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  701. 

Wayne,  Clinton  co..  Pa.     See  MacElhattan. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1464 

Wayne,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.     See  LonELLA. 

Wayne,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Beavbr  Dah. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1563. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1040. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa,     Pop.  1453. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1546. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  476. 

Wayne,  Wayne  co.,  Pa.    See  Starocca. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1081. 

Wayne,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wayne  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fond  Lu  Lac.  ■ 

Wayne  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rose  township,  41 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  35  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  haa  m 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Wayne  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Coohranton. 

Wayne  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  16 
miles  W.  of  Fairfield.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Wayne  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Twelve  Pole  Creek,  18  miles  S,  of 
Huntington,     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  tannery. 

Wayne  Four  Corners,  post-office,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

Wayne  Fur'nace,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn., 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  about  150 
houses,  and  a  blast-furnace  which  produces  annually  6000 
tons  of  pig-iron.     Iron  ore  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  800. 

Wayne  Junction,  on  the  Germantown  division  of  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
New  York  division,  is  4i  miles  from  the  initial  station. 

Waynesborough,  wanz'bur-rJih,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Augusta  Branch  of  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  Georgia,  32  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the 
Haven  Normal  School.     Pop.  in  1890,  1711. 

Waynesborough, a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayneco., 
Miss.,  on  the  Chickasawha  River  and  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  52i  miles  S.  of  Meridian.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  saw-mill,  a  distillery  of  turpentine,  and  30  families. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-borough  in  Washington 
township,  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  near  South  Mountain  and 
Antietam  Creek,  on  the  Mont  Alto  Railroad,  about  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
hotels,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school 
and  several  flouring-mills  and  factories.     P.  (1890)  3811. 

Waynesborough,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hagerstown,  Md. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Tenn.,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  250. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
on  the  South  River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  536. 

Waynesburg,  wanz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Waynesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  about 
50  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


WAY 


2783 


WEA 


'Waynesbarg,  or  Wel'IerTille,  a  hamlet  in  Au- 
burn township,  Crawford  oo.,  0.,  about  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Plymouth. 

Waynesbnrg,  a  post- village  in  Sandy  township,  Stark 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek  and  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  5  churches,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactories  of  furniture,  farming-implements,  flour,  Ac. 
Po^in  1880,  622;  in  1890,  510. 

Waynesburg,  a  village  in  Honey  Brook  township, 
Chester  so.,  Pa.,  on  the  Waynesburg  Branch  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Downingtown,  and 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  national  bank  and 
S  churches.     Here  is  Honey  Brook  Post-Office.     Pop.  470. 

Waynesburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Pa.,  in  Marion  township,  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the 
Waynesburg  &  Washington  Railroad,  45  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Waynes- 
burg College  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  which  was  or- 
ganized in  1850,  a  foundry,  2  machine-shops,  2  steam 
planing-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2101. 

Waynesburg  Junction,  Pennsylvania.  See  Shpleb. 

Waynesfield,  wanz'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wayne 
township,  Auglaixe  co.,  0.,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Lima. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Waynesfield,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.    Pop.  2045. 

Waynesville,  wanz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  2  churches. 

Waynesville,  a  post-village  in  Waynesville  township, 
De  Witt  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Kickapoo  River  and  the  Illinois 
Midland  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Decatur,  and  about 
18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  970. 

Waynesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  JefFersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  104. 

Waynesville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co.. 
Mo.,  on  Roubidoux  Creek,  about  1  mile  from  Gasconade 
River,  and  50  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Jefi'erson  City.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  seminary,  a  cotton- 
factory,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Waynesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Haywood  co., 
N.C.,  in  Waynesville  township,  about  140  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Charlotte.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains.  Pop.  of  the 
village  (1890),  456  ;  of  the  township,  2506. 

Waynesville,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River  and  the  Little  Miami 
Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  745. 

Waynetown,  wan'town,  a  post-village  in  Wayne 
township,  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis, 
Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Crawfordsville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  cabinet-shops,  and  2 
silversmiths.     Pop.  about  650. 

Wayn'manville,  a  post-office  of  Upson  oo.,  Ga.,  about 
65  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Way,  Poolo,  poo'lo  wi,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam. 
Lat.  9°  58'  N.;  Ion.  102°  48'  E. 

Way'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbus,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Wayside,  a  post-office  of  Brown  oo.,  Wis.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Green  Bay. 

Way'side,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, 6  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Way's  Mills,  a  post- village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stanstead.     Pop.  200. 

Way's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Wayzata,  wi-zat'a,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Minnetonka 
Lake,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  W. 
of  St.  Paul,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a 
church.  Two  steamboats  are  running  regularly  on  the  lake, 
which  is  remarkable  for  its  beauty  and  is  visited  by  many 
persons  from  the  far  South. 

Wazeerabad,  a  town  of  India.     See  Vazeerabad. 

Wazemmes,  v4V,5mm',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
and  an  important  suburb  of  the  city  of  Lille,  on  the  S.W. 
Pop.  18,000.     It  has  tanneries  and  dye-works. 

Wea,  we'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  elevator. 

Wea.  n  Dost-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in  Wea  town- 


ship, 20  miles  N.E.  of  Paola.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wind 
mill  for  grain.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2203.  It  is  drained 
by  Wea  Creek. 

Wea  Creek,  Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind.,  enters  the  Wabash 
River  from  the  left,  4  miles  below  Lafayette. 

Weakley,  week'L§,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  border- 
ing on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks  of 
the  Obion  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  gum, 
oak,  poplar  or  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  cattle,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chat- 
tanooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  New  Orleans,  St. 
Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital,  Dresden.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20,755,  in  1880,  24,538;  in  1890,  28,955. 

Weak'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Pulaski. 

Weald,  weeld  (The),  of  Kent,  Sussex,  and  Surrey,  Eng- 
land, comprises  the  area  formerly  occupied  by  the  Saxon  An- 
dredswald  {or  Andertda  Sylva  under  the  Romans),  long  a 
dense  forest,  between  the  North  and  South  Downs,  from 
near  Farnham  and  Petersfield  (Hants),  eastward  to  the  sea 
at  Hythe,  Rye,  and  Eastbourne.  It  is  still  in  great  part 
richly  wooded,  and  contains  only  a  few  small  towns. 

Wear,  weer,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  rises 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  county,  flows  eastward,  and 
enters  the  North  Sea  at  Wearmouth.     Length,  67  miles. 

Weare  (ware),  or  Ware,  a  township  of  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Pentwater,  which  is  on  Lake 
Michigan.     Pop.  575. 

Weare,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Weare  township,  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
a  seminary  for  both  sexes.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Manchester  A  North  Weare  Railroad,  and  contains  a 
village  named  North  Weare.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2092. 

Wear's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Weatherby,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Weath'erford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Parker  co., 
Tex.,  about  66  miles  W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  2  banking-houses,  4  churches,  and  2 
flour-mills.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  or  undulating 
country.     Pop.  in  1890,  3369. 

Weatherly,  weTH'er-le,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  c<'.. 
Pa.,  in  Lausanne  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valky 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hazleton,  and  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  locomotives  and 
cars,  and  3  or  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2961. 

Weath'ersfield,  a  township  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0.  Pop 
6583.     It  contains  Niles. 

Weathersfield,  weTH'§rz-feeld,  a  post-township  of 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  intersected  by  Black  River.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Perkinsville  and  Ascutneyville,  and  a  post- 
hamlet  named  Weathersfield,  which  is  on  the  Connecticut 
River,  3  miles  from  Claremont,  N.H.  Ascutney  Mountain 
is  on  the  border  of  this  township.     Pop.  of  township,  1557. 

Weathersfield  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Windsor  oo., 
Vt.,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Bellows  Falls. 

Weatogue,  wee-tog',  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  oo., 
Conn.,  in  Simsbury  township,  on  the  Farmington  River 
and  the  New  Haven  A  Northampton  Railroad,  40  miles  N. 
of  New  Haven. 

Weaton,  Indiana.    See  Wea. 

Weaubleau  (waw'blo)  City,  a  post-office  of  Hiokory 
CO.,  Mo. 

Weav'er,  or  Weev'er,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of 
Chester,  joins  the  estuary  of  the  Mersey  at  Winton.  Length, 
45  miles.     Principal  affluents,  the  Dane  and  Peover. 

Weaver,  wee'v^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wabasha. 

Weaver's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0., 
18  miles  S.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  a  store. 

Weaver's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.C. 

Weaversford,  wee'v§rz-ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  A8h« 
CO.,  N.C,  30  miles  S.  of  Marion,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Weaver's  Old  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  I  mile  from  Youngwood  Station,  which  is  6^ 
miles  S.  of  Greensburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Weaver's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selraa,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  66  miles  S.W. 
of  Rome.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  stores. 

Weaver's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0., 

on  the  railroad  between  Greenville  and  Richmond,  6  miles 

1  S.S.W.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  flour-mills  and  a  saw-mill. 


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Weaver's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
30  miles  W.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  tobacco -factory. 

Weaversville,  wee'v^rz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Allentown.  It  has  an 
academy,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  roofing-slate. 

Weaverton,  a  post-offioe  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Somerset. 

Weaverville,  wee'r^r-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  is  in  a  mountainous  region,  about  35  miles 
W  N.W.  of  Shasta,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Trinity  River. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.  Gold  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  816. 

Weaverville,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Ashville.  It  contains  a  church,  the  Weaver- 
ville College,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory, 

We'aw,  a  post-office  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn. 

Webb,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  1680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Rio  Grande,  which  separates  it  from  Mexico.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  sheep  and 
cattle.  Wool  and  cattle  are  the  chief  exports.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  3  railroads.  Capital,  Laredo.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2615;  in  1880,  5273;  in  1890,  14,842, 

Webb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co,,  0.,  on  the  North- 
western Ohio  Railroad,  10  or  12  miles  S,S,E.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  a  stave-factory. 

Webb  City,  or  South  O'zark,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  Ozark, 
and  S  of  a  mile  from  Ozark  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Webb  City  Post- Office. 

Webb  City,  or  Webb'ville,  a  city  of  Jasper  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Joplin  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Joplin  City, 
and  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  furnaces  for  lead,  which  is 
mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  5043. 

Web'ber  Lake,  a  lake  and  summer  resort  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal.,  24  miles  N.  of  Truckee  Station. 

Webber's,  Howard  co.,  Ind.     See  Fairfield. 

Web'ber's,  or  Johnson's  Mills,  a  seaport  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Annapolis,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  at  the  en- 
trance to  Digby  Gut,  14  miles  from  Annapolis.     Pop.  350. 

Webber's  Falls,  a  post  village  of  Cherokee  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  Arkansas  River,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Muscogee  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

VVeb'berville,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.     See  Lk  Roy. 

Webberville,  a  post-village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Colorado  River,  about  20  miles  below  Austin.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  drug-store,  and  2  other  stores.     Pop.  330. 

Webb's,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Ky.,  about  96  miles 
S.  of  Louisville. 

Webb's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Russell  co.,  Ky. 

Webb's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C. 

Webb's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  III.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Benton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Webb's  Land'ing,  a  trading-point  of  Contra  Costa 
CO.,  Cal,,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  about  24  miles  N.AV.  of 
Stockton. 

Webb's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Casco  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 

Webb's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  S.W,  of  Elmira,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  about  150. 

Webb's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va, 

Webb  Sum'mit,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hocking 
00.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  i,  Hock- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logan. 

Webbville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
from  AVillard.     It  has  2  churches. 

Web  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jack  co.,  Tex.,  85  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

We'ber,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  intersected  by  Weber 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  picturesque  scenery. 
This  county  comprises  a  part  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains 
and  several  deep  canons.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces 
wheat,  pasture,  Ac.  "  The  scenery,"  says  Hayden,  "  can 
hardly  be  surpassed  in  any  country  for  wild  picturesque 
beauty."  Carboniferous  limestone  abounds  here.  The  Union 
Paoifio,  Central  Pacific,  and  Utah  Central  Railroads  con- 
nect at  Ogden,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  Area, 
about  650  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  7858;  in  1880, 
12,344;  in  1890,  22,723. 

Weber,  Jackson  co.,  0.     See  Pbtersburg. 

Weber,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  en  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Weber  City,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co,,  Utah,  1  mile 
from  Peterson  Station. 


Weber  Quar'ry,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  E,S,E.  of  Ogden,  Utah, 

Weber  River,  Utah,  rises  in  Summit  co.,  runs  north- 
westward, passes  through  the  Wahsatch  Range  by  a  stu- 
pendous gorge  called  Weber  Canon,  intersects  Weber  co., 
and  enters  Great  Salt  Lake.  "Weber  River,  though 
small,"  says  Cyrus  Thomas,  "  is  remarkable  as  affording  a 
gateway  directly  through  the  Wahsatch  Range,  Echo  and 
Weber  Canons  presenting  some  of  the  grandest  scenery  in 
the  West."  The  trains  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  run 
through  these  canons. 

Web'ertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  and  Clinton 
COS.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Lynchburg  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Web'ster,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  haa 
an  area  of  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Kin- 
chafoona  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Preston.  Pop,  in  1870,  4677; 
in  1880,  5237;  in  1890,  5695, 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  N,W,  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Des  Moines  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Lizard  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  The  scarcity  of 
timber  is  compensated  by  extensive  beds  of  bituminous  coal. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  limestone  and  gypsum.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Dubuque  &  Cherokee  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroail.  Capital,  Fort  Dodge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,484;  in  1880,  15,951;  in  1890,  21,582. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Green  River,  and  is  drained  by  Clear  and  Deer  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  nearly  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is 
found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Dixon.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,937  j 
in  1880,  14,246;  in  1890,  17,196. 

Webster,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  bor- 
dering on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  609  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Bayou  Dorcheat,  which  enters  Lake 
Bistineau  in  the  southern  part  of  the  parish.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Minden.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,005;  in  1890,  12,466. 

Webster,  formerly  Samner,  a  county  in  the  N.  cen- 
tral part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  also  by 
Wolf  Creek  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Walthall.     Pop.  in  1880,  9534;  in  1890,  12,060. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Niangua  River,  which  rises  in  it  and  runs  northward,  the 
James  River  (a  branch  of  the  White  River),  which  runs 
southwestward,  and  Finley  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash, 
oak,  maple,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore,  lead,  and  limestone.  It 
it  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad. 
Capital,  Marshfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,434 ;  in  1880, 12,175 ; 
in  1890,  15,177. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  S,  part  of  Nebraska,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Republican  River,  which  here  runs  east- 
ward. The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  destitute  of 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  produces  natural  pasture. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  A  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  Capital,  Red  Cloud.  Pop.  in  1876, 2962 ; 
in  1880,  7104;  in  1890,  11,210. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Gauley  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  Indian  com,  oats,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Addison,  situated  on  the  Elk  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1730 ;  in  1880,  3207 :  in  1890,  4783. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Park  co..  Col,,  on  the  Denver, 
South  Park  A  Pacific  Railroad,  69  miles  S,W.  of  Denver 


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Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  about  18 
miles  AV.  of  Macomb.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  carriage-factory. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1025. 

Webster,  a  hamlet  in  Tippecanoe  township,  Kosciusko 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Tippecanoe  River,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  War- 
saw, and  i  mile  from  Boydston's  Mills  Post-OflSce.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  87. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  about  6 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Richmond,  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  a  saw-mill.     It  is  sometimes  called  Dover. 

Vr  ebster,  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     See  Webster  City. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  818. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Sigourney,  and  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     P.  625. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     P.  544. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky.,  about 
48  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  in  Webster  township,  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me.,  8  or  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  2  miles 
E.  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  church.  The 
N.  part  of  the  township  borders  on  Sabattus  Pond.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  939. 

Webster,  a  station  in  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Pen- 
obscot River  and  the  European  <fc  North  American  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Webster,  a  post-village  in  Webster  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  on  French  River,  and  on  the  Norwich  & 
Worcester  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the 
New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Wor- 
cester, and  58  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  a  foun- 
dry, and  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
goods  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  7031. 

Webster,  a  post-township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Detroit.  It  is  bounded  N.W. 
by  Portage  Lake,  and  drained  by  Huron  River.     Pop.  911. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  614. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  about  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Oregon  co..  Mo.,  about  85 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ironton. 

Webster,  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.    See  Webster  Grove, 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Webster,  a  post-village  in  Webster  township,  Merri- 
mack CO.,  N.H.,  on  Black  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  clothes- 
pins, and  leather-board.     Pop.  of  the  township,  689. 

Webster,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Webster 
township,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
of  Charlotte,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
or  4  churches  and  a  union  school.  Pop.  291.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  Pop.  2819.  See  also 
Webster's  Crossing. 

Webster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C, 
In  Webster  township,  on  the  Tuckasegee  or  Little  Ten- 
nessee River,  about  150  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1407. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  37 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dayton,     It  has  a  church. 

Webster,  Scioto  co.,  0.    See  Iron  Furnace. 

Webster,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Rostraver  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  about  24 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Webster,  a  city  of  South  Dakota,  the  capital  of  Day  co., 
is  situated  on  the  Hastings  &,  Dakota  Division  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railway,  51  miles  E.  of  Aber- 
deen, and  68  miles  W.  of  Ortonville,  Minn.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Big 
Emory  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church. 

Webster,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W,  of  Grafton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop, 

Webster  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Neb., 
near  the  Republican  River,  4i  miles  from  Red  Cloud,  the 
capital  of  the  county. 

Webster  City,  or  Webster,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Boone  township,  on  the  Boone 
River  and  the  Dubuque  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  73  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  a  national  banft,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  2  machine- 
ihops,  and  a  fanning-mill-factory.     Pop.  In  1890,  2892. 


Webster  Court-Honse,  Webster  co.,  W.  Va.  See 
Addison. 

Webster  Groves,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Webster  Station,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  several  churches,  and 
contains  the  residences  of  many  business-men  of  St.  Louis. 

Webster  Place,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Elberton. 

Webster  Place,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Webster's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

Web'ster's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victoria  co., 
New  Brunswick,  31  miles  from  Edmundston.     Pop.  100. 

Webster's  Cross'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  Webster  Station  on  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  about  18  houses. 

Webster's  Mills,  a  station  in  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsfield. 

Webster's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa., 
about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Webster's  Plantation,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co.. 
Me.     Pop.  28. 

Webster  Station,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Syracuse,  Chenango  &  New  York  Railroad,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Web'sterville,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  or 
near  the  Galveston,  Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad, 

Weche,  a  town  of  Saxony,     See  Wiehe. 

Wechselburg,  ^fiK's^l-boSRG',  a  town  of  Saxony,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Zwickau  with  the  Mulde,  13  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1427. 

Wecht,  Netherlands.     See  Vecht. 

Weckelsdorf,  'fr5k'kels-doRf\  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Untek, 
o6n't§r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bohemia,  oirols 
of  Koniggratz,  on  the  Mettau.     Pop.  2708. 

Weckersdorf,  ■^Sk'kers-doRf,  or  Skrinice,  skre- 
neet's^h,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Koniggratz,  4  miles 
from  Braunau.     Pop.  1431. 

Weddingeu,  ♦fid'ding-en,  three  contiguous  villages  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.  United 
population,  6946,  mostly  employed  in  glass-works,  charcoal- 
burning,  and  stone-quarries. 

Wedel,  ^4'd§l,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the 
Elbe,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  2099. 

Wedgefield,  wej'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  32 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Wedge  Island,  Spencer  Gulf.    See  Gambier  Islands. 

Wed'ington,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark. 

Wednesbury,  w5nz'b§r-e,  or  Wodensbury  (vul- 
garly called  Wedgehtiry),  a  market-town  and  parliamentary 
borough  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  near  the  source  of  the 
Tame,  on  the  Birmingham  &  Walsall  Canal,  and  on  the 
Northwest  Railway,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop. 
of  borough  in  1891,  69,083.  It  has  coal-  and  iron-mines, 
iron-rolling  mills,  and  manufactures  of  muskets,  coach  and 
saddlers'  ironmongery,  nails,  tools,  and  grates.  It  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wednesfield,  wfinz'feeld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Stafibrd,  2  miles  E.N.E,  of  Wolverhampton.  Pop.  3730, 
chiefly  locksmiths, 

Wedowce,  we-d5w'ee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ala.,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Tallapoosa 
River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  nas  2 
churches.     Pop.  130. 

Wedron,  wgd'ron,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in 
Dayton  township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Fox  River  Val- 
ley Railroad,  8  miles  N.E,  of  Ottawa.  It  has  2  ohurohei 
and  an  academy.     Here  is  picturesque  scenery. 

Weed'inan,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co,,  111.,  in  West 
township,  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.  It  has  a  church 
Much  grain  is  shipped  here. 

Weed  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y. 

Wee'don,  a  post-village  in  Wolf  co.,  Quebec,  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.  It  contains  a  church,  2  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Wee'don-Beck,  or  Weedon'On-the-Street  (so 
called  from  its  position  on  the  ancient  Watling  Street),  a 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton,  on  the  Grand  Junc- 
tion Canal,  and  with  a  station  on  the  Northwest  Railway, 
4i  miles  S.E.  of  Daventry,  Pop.  1861.  Here  is  a  depot 
for  military  arms  and  stores,  with  spacious  barracks. 

Wee'dons,  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark. 

Weeds'port,  a  post-village  in  Brutus  township,  Cayuga 


WEE 


2786 


WEI 


CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Auburn,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has 
5  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  gloves,  hoop-skirts,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1411 ;  in  1890,  1580. 

Weed'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Driftwood.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Wee^haAV'ken,  a  post-village  in  Weehawken  town- 
ship, Hudson  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  New 
York,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City, 
Here  occurred  the  duel  between  Aaron  Burr  and  Alexander 
Hamilton,  which  resulted  in  the  death  of  the  latter.  The 
township  contains  6  churches.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1890,  194.3.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk  hats  and  cigars. 

Week's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about 
14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 

Weeks 'town,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  oc,  N.J.,  6  miles 
B.  of  Elwood. 

Weelaunee,  we-law'ne,  a  hamlet  of  Winnebago  co., 
"Wis.,  about  12  miles  S.AV.  of  Oshkosh. 

Weelde,  ^il'd§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Aa.     Pop.  1097, 
Ween,  or  Weenen,  Austria.    See  Vienna. 
Weendam ,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Veendam. 
Weende,  ♦ain'd^h,  a  village  of  Hanover,  government 
of  Hildesheim,  near  Gottingen,  on  the  Leine.     Pop.  1574. 
Weener,  ^i'n§r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurich,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  3294.     It  has  a 
small  harbor,  and  a  trade  in  horses  and  cattle, 

Weep'ing  Water,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on 
Weeping  Water  Creek,  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lincoln.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Weeping  Water  Creek,  Cass  co..  Neb.,  runs  in  an 
E.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about  7 
miles  above  Nebraska  City.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Weerberg,'i^aiB'bfiiiG,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  near 
Schwatz.     Pop.  908.      , 

Weerdt,  or  Weert,  waiut,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Limburg,  on  the  Bree,  and  on  the  Canal  of  Weerdt,  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  7055. 

Weerdt,  Neder,  ni'd^r  waiut,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Limburg,  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  above. 

Weere,  wi'r§h,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Zealand,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Walcheren  island.     Pop.  908. 
Weerselo,  waiu^s^h-lo',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Overyssel,  7  miles  E.  of  Almelo.     Pop.  5430. 
Wee^satche',  a  post-office  of  Goliad  co.,  Tex. 
Wee'saw,  a   township   of   Berrien   co.,  Mich,     Pop, 
1276.    See  also  Hill's  Corners. 

Weesp,  waisp,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Amsterdam,     Pop.  3065. 
Weever,  a  river  of  England.     See  Weaver, 
Weewakat'kee  Creek,  Alabama,  flows  southwest- 
ward  through  Coosa  co,  into  Coosa  River, 

Weeze,  ^i'zeh,  a  market-town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
the  Niers,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Geldern.     Pop.  2518. 

Weferlingen,  \ti'f§r-ling\n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  28  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1950. 

Wegatch'ie,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Rossie  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  2 
saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  201. 

Weg'dal,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad, 
about  10  miles  below  Montevideo. 

Wegee,  we-jee',  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in 
Meade  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  3  miles  from  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.     It  is  mainly  supported  by  coal-mining. 

Wegeleben,  ♦i'gh^h-li^b^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bode, 
Pop.  2962,     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Weggis,  '^Sg'ghis,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
on  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  at  the  foot  of  the  Righi  Culm, 
which  is  generally  ascended  from  hence.     Pop.  1379. 

Wegrow,  w4-grov',  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Siedlec.  Pop.  2000.  It  has  2  monasteries 
and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary. 

Wegscheid,  \iraiG'shTte,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Austrian  frontier,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Passau. 
Wegstadt,  -^aia'stitt,  or  Wegstadtel,  ♦aiG'stfitt'fil, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  27  miles 
N.  of  Prague,     Pop.  1502, 

Wehawken,  Hudson  co.,  N.J.     See  Weehawken. 
Wehden,  ^i'd§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
government  and  21  miles  N,N,W,  of  Minden,     Pop.  1600. 


Wehe,  ♦i'^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Wert- 
phalia,  government  of  Minden.     Pop.  2400, 

Wehingen,  ^i'ing-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle 
of  Schwarzwald,  S,S.W.  of  Tubingen.     Pop,  1240, 

Wehlau,  or  Welau,  M'low,  a  walled  town  of  Eaat 
Prussia,  27  miles  E.  of  Konigsberg,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  AUe  and  Pregel,  Pop,  5178,  It  has  numerous  tanneries, 
steam-engine-factories,  and  a  copper-foundry.  The  treaty 
by  which  Prussia  was  recognized  as  a  kingdom  was  con- 
cluded here  in  1657, 

Wehlen,  M'l§n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  15  miles  S,E.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,     Pop,  1449, 

Wehlheiden,  wil'hi-d§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Hesse-Nassau,  government  of  Cassel,     Pop,  3702, 

Wehr,  ♦aiR,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Wehr,  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Rhine,  26  miles  S,  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2387. 

Wehr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Westphalia, 
government  of  Miinster.     Pop.  980, 

Wehrau,  ♦i'rSw,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Queiss,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.  Pop.  870.  It  has  a 
castle,  iron-forges,  and  paper-mills.  The  mineralogist  Wer- 
ner was  born  here. 

Wehrheim,  ♦aiR'hime,  a  market-town  of  Germany, 
Nassau,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Usingen.     Pop.  1604, 

Wehrsdorf,  ^ains'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle 
and  not  far  from  Bautzen.     Pop.  2207. 

Wei,  wi'ee,  or  Wei-Hsien,  wi'ee-se-en',  a  large 
city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  21  miles  S.  of  the 
Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee.  Lat.  36°  40'  N.;  Ion,  119°  16'  E. 
It  has  iron-foundries  and  manufactures  of  hardware.  Pop. 
about  100,000. 

Weichsel,  -ftiK's^l,  or  Wisia,  •♦is'li,  a  village  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Tescben,  on  the  Vistula.  Pop. 
3975.     See  also  Vistula, 

Weichselburg,  ♦ik's^l-bSSRO^  or  Weixelburg, 
^ik's^l-biirg,  a  town  of  lUyria,  Carniola,  about  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Laybach.  Pop.  4000,  It  has  iron-forges  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  8tufi"s.  The  ruined  castle  Weich- 
selburg is  on  an  adjacent  height. 

Weichselmiinde,  ^ik's^l-miinM^h,  a  town  and  for- 
tress of  West  Prussia,  opposite  Neufahrwasser,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  west  arm  of  the  Vistula  in  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1495. 

Weickersheim.    See  Weikersheim. 

Weida,  or  Weyda,  ♦i'di,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
Saxe-Weimar,  14  miles  E.  of  Neustadt-an-der-Orla,  on  the 
Auma  and  Weida.  Pop.  5404.  It  has  manufactures  of 
paper,  woollen  cloth,  cotton  goods,  Ac. 

Weidasville,  wi'daws-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  W,  by  N,  of  Allentown,  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  4  houses, 

Weiden,  ^i'd^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Upper 
Palatinate,  32  miles  S,E,  of  Baireuth.  Pop,  3670.  It  has 
a  castle,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Weiden  (Hun.  Vedeny,  viMfiii'),  a  market-town  of 
West  Hungary,  co.  of  Wieselburg,  on  the  N.E,  bank  of  the 
Lake  of  Neusiedl,     Pop.  1000, 

Weidenau,  \^i'd9h-n5w\  a  walled  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  45  miles  N.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  1670. 

Weidenau,  ^i'd§h-n6w,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalta,  government  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  3045. 

Weidenbach,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Vidokbak. 

Weidenberg,  ^i'd§n-b5RG\  a  market-town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  Franconia,  7  miles  E.  of  Baireuth,  on  the 
Steinach,  with  2  castles  and  1662  inhabitants. 

Weidenthal,  ^i'd§n-tS,r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palati- 
nate, canton  of  Neustadt.     Pop.  1028. 

Weigelsdorf,  ^i'gh§ls-doRf  ^  several  places  of  Prussia, 
particularly  a  village,  province  of  Silesia,  government  of 
Breslau,  circle  of  Reichenbach.     Pop.  825. 

Weighton  (wi'ton)  Market,  a  small  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  19  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  York,  East  Riding, 
at  the  W.  foot  of  the  Wolds,  and  connected  by  a  canal 
with  the  Humber.     Pop.  2354. 

Wei'glestown,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

Weihersfrei,  a  town  of  Prussia,     See  Neustadt. 

Weiiiersheim,  or  Weickersheim,  -fri'k^rs-hime^ 
a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Tauber,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Ellwangen.     Pop.  1730. 

Weikert,  wi'k§rt,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Union  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Hartley  township,  on  Penn's  Creek  and  the  Lewis- 
burg  Centre  A  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lewisburg, 

Weil,  ^ile,  or  Schlosswyl,  shloss'^il,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  10  miles  E,S,E,  of  Bern.  It  ii 
famous  for  its  castle,  which  is  seated  on  a  height, 

Weil,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Rhine,  bailiwick  of 
Lorrach,     It  has  a  parish  church.     Pop.  1409. 


WEI 


2787 


WEI 


Weil,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Wtl. 

Weilar,  ♦x'lar,  a  village  of  Central  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Weimar,  S.E.  of  Lengsfeld,  on  the  Fulda. 

Weilbachf  <tirb4K,  a  watering-place  of  Nassau,  E.S.E. 
uf  Wiesbaden,  with  a  mineral  spring,  from  which  about 
70,000  bottles  of  water  are  annually  exported.     Pop.  874. 

Weilburg,  ^il'bSSKO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  here  crossed  by  an  iron  sus- 

fension-bridge,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiesbaden.    Pop.  2834. 
t  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  paper. 

Weil-die-Stadt,  ^Il-dee-stS,tt,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circle  of  Neckar,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop. 
1765.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  tobacco,  and  is 
the  birthplace  of  Kepler. 

Weile,  and  VVeilefiord.    See  Veile. 

Weiler,  or  Weiller,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Vill6. 

Weiierbach,  ^i'l§r-J9iK\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palati- 
nate, canton  and  near  Kaiserslautern. 

Weilheim,  \til'hime,  a  walled  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
on  the  Ammer,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Munich.  Pop.  3802.  It 
has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  leather. 

Weilheim-an-der-Teck,  ^il'hime-S.n-dfiR-t5k,  a 
kOwn  of  South  Germany,  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Danube,  on 
the  Lindach,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2889. 

Weil-im-Schonbuch,  Ml-im-shon'bo5K,  a  village 
of  Wiirtemberg,  bailiwick  of  Boblingen.     Pop.  2033. 

Weilmiinster,  ♦il'miln-st^r,  a  tillage  of  Nassau,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Lahn,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Weilburg.   P.  1458. 

Weimar»  ^i'mar,  the  capital  city  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Saxe- Weimar,  Germany,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ilm, 
and  on  the  railway  from  Gotha  to  Halle,  13  miles  E.  of 
Erfurt.  Lat.  50°  59'  N.;  Ion.  11°  21'  E.  Pop.  24,540. 
Mean  temperature  of  year,  51.1°  Fahr. ;  winter,  37.6°  ; 
summer,  66.3°.  It  is  surrounded  by  hills,  and  is  hand- 
somely though  irregularly  built.  Few  cities  in  Germany  of 
its  size  have  so  many  good  public  buildings  and  excellent 
public  establishments,  or  are  more  agreeable  as  places  of 
residence.  The  grand  ducal  palace  is  in  a  simple  but  ele- 
gant style,  and  has  an  extensive  park  which  forms  the 
favorite  public  promenade.  The  principal  church,  with 
tombs  of  the  grand  dukes,  has  a  large  organ,  and  an  altar- 
piece  by  L.  Cranach.  The  grand  ducal  library  comprises 
140,000  volumes,  manuscripts,  medals,  and  coins,  and  is 
open  to  the  public.  The  opera-house  is  famous ;  the  theatre 
was  once  under  the  superintendence  of  Goethe  and  Schiller, 
who  are  buried  in  the  new  cemetery.  Herder  and  Wieland 
also  once  made  Weimar  their  residence.  The  Landea- 
Industrie-Oomptoir  is  an  important  book-publishing  estab- 
lishment, known  chiefly  for  its  geographical  and  statistical 
works.  The  Geographical  Institute  publishes  excellent 
maps,  and  the  Weimar  Almanac  has  a  great  circulation. 
Weimar  has  manufactures  of  metallic  goods,  cards,  gloves, 
and  woven  fabrics,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  wool ;  but  the 
chief  resources  of  the  inhabitants  are  derived  from  the 
presence  of  the  court  and  visitors. 

Weimar,  wi'mar,  a  post-village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio  Railroad,  16 
miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  the  Wei- 
mar Institute,  and  many  business-houses.    P.  (1890)  1443, 

Weimer,  Ontario.    See  Bamberg. 

Wein,  ween,  a  post-ofSce  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis. 

Weinfelden,  Mn'fflPd^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  Thur,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Con- 
stance.    Pop.  2614. 

Weingarten,  ♦in'ganH^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Middle  Rhine,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  railway.     Pop.  3440. 

Weingunga,  India.    See  Wynb-Gunga. 

Weinheim,  *in'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Weschnitz,  and  on  the  Baden  Railway, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Mannheim.  Pop.  6723.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  fine  palace,  and  manufactures  of  wool- 
lens, leather,  linen,  and  wine. 

Weinsberg,  ^ins'b^RG,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Sulm,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  2186. 
^    Weipersdorf,  ^i'p§rs-doRr,  orWeipertsdorf,  *i'- 
p^rts-doRf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  28  miles  from  Loi- 
tomischl.     Pop.  2229. 

Weipert,  or  Weypert,  ♦i'p^rt,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
24  miles  N.E.  of  Elbogen,  near  the  frontier  of  Saxony. 
Pop.  5471,  employed  in  manufactures  of  lace  and  fire-arms. 

Weir,  weer,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Memphis,  Kansas  &  Colorado  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of 
Parsons,  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cherokee.  .  It  has  a  zino-fur- 
nace,  7  stores,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  paint,  also 
10  coal-mines.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in 
ooal.     Pop.  in  1890,  2138. 


Weir,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Taunton. 

Weir  Junction,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  li 
miles  S.E.  of  Taunton.    See  Tau.nton. 

Weir's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Winnepesaukee  Lake, 
and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal  Railroad,  33^  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Concord.  Here  is  a  Methodist  camping-ground. 
A  steamboat  plies  daily  between  this  place  and  Centre 
Harbor. 

Weisburg,  wis'bfirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dearborn  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg. 

Weischenfeld,  ♦ish'^n-fSlt^  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  Franconia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Baireuth. 

Weisenburg,  wis'§n-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Weissenburg  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of 
Allentown.     Pop.  of  township,  1644, 

Weisenheim-am-Sand,  ♦I'z^n-hime-im-sint,  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,     Pop,  2108, 

Weiser,  wee'z^r  (Ger.  pron.  •<^i's§r),  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Washington  co.,  Idaho,  near  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  with  a  station  on  the  Union  Paoifio  Railway,  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Bois6  City. 

Weiser  River,  a  small  river  of  Washington  co.,  Idaho, 
flows  southwestward,  and  enters  Lewis  River. 

Weisesburg,  wi'siz-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  about  28  miles  N.  oi  Baltimore. 

VVeishampIe,  wis'ham-p^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sohuyl- 
kill  CO.,  Pa,,  about  48  miles  N,B.  of  Harrisburg,  It  has  a 
church. 

Weissbach,  ^iss'b&K,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  near 
Friedland.     Pop.  1928. 

Weissbad,  ^iss'blt,  a  village  and  watering-place  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Appenzell,  The 
bathing-establishment  attracts  numerous  visitors. 

Weiss  Elster,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Elster. 

Weissenberg,  ♦is'sen-bfiRG^  (Wendish,  Wospork,  <^os'- 
poRk),  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  E.  of  Bautzen.    P,  1215. 

Weissenburg,  •^is's^n-bSfiRG^  a  fortified  town  of  Ba- 
varia, circle  of  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Rezat,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  5019.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  flanked 
by  towers,  and  was  formerly  a  free  city  of  the  empire, 

Weissenburg,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Wissembourg, 

Weissenburg,  Hungary,    See  Stdhlweissenburg, 

Weissenburg,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Weisenburg. 

Weissenfels,  ♦Is's^n-ffils^  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  11  miles  S.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Saale,  and  on  the  railway  from  Halle  to  Gotha,  Pop. 
21,766,  It  is  well  built,  and  has  4  suburbs,  2  churches, 
one  containing  the  remains  of  Gustavus  Adolphus,  2  hos- 
pitals, almshouses,  a  normal  school,  and  manufactures  of 
porcelain,  merinoes  and  other  woollen  fabrics,  leather,  and 
gold  and  silver  articles.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  castle  of 
Augustusburg  and  numerous  vineyards, 

Weissenfels,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  52  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Laybach.  Pop.  600,  employed  in  extensive 
nail-manufactories. 

Weissenhorn,  ^is's^n-hoRn\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Danube,  10  miles  S.E,  of  Ulm.   P.  1794. 

Weissensee,  *is's^n-si\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
16  miles  N.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  2558, 

Weissenstadt,  ^Is's^n-stitt^,  a  walled  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Eger,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Baireuth,     It  has  nail-factories.     Pop.  2511. 

Weissenstein,  ♦is's^n-stine^  a  town  of  Russia,  gov 
ernment  of  Esthonia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Revel.  Pop.  1718, 
It  has  a  ruined  castle  and  a  district  school. 

Weissensuiz,  ^Is's^n-sfifilts^  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Bohemia,  circle  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1627, 

Weisses  Meer.    See  White  Ska. 

Weisskirch,  v^iss'kSSRK,  or  Weisskirchen,  ^-iss'- 
kS5RK^§n,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Jung-Buntzlau, 
Pop, 1200, 

Weisskirchen,  ♦Iss'kggRK'^n  (Hun,  Fehirtemplom, 
fi^haiR'tim^plom'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo,  of  Temes,  on 
the  Nera,  63  miles  S,S,E,  of  Temesvar.  Pop,  7490.  It 
has  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  churches,  manufactures  of 
silk  and  leather,  and  extensive  vineyards  in  its  vicinity. 

Weisskirchen  (Bohemian,  Hntnitze,  hrin-it's§h),  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on  the  railway  to  Kosel,  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  5800.  It  has  a  fine  castle, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  silk, 

Weissmain,  ^iss'min,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Upper  Franconia,  18  miles  N,W,  of  Baireuth,  with  a  castle. 
Pop,  1166,  who  manufacture  leather  and  woollen  olotha. 


WEI 


2788 


WEL 


Weissport,  wls'port,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col. 

Weissport,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Lehigh  River  and  the  Lehigh 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  the  iron-works  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Emery  Wheel  Company.     Pop.  359. 

Weissstein,  ^iss'stine,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  of  Breslan.     Pop.  5330. 

Weisswasser,   ♦iss'^is's^r,   or  Neu-Pozig,  noi- 

Eot'siQ  (Bohemian,  Biela,  be-i'li),  a  market-town  of  Bo- 
emia,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jung-Buntzlau.  Pop.  1860.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  paper. 

Weisswasser,  a  market-town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  57 
miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  1475. 

Weissweil,  ♦iss'^^Ile,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Dpper  Rhine,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1736. 

Weissweiler,  Mss'v^IM^r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, government  and  E.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the 
Inde.     Pop.  1140. 

Weistritz,  ♦Iss'trits,  a  town  and  river  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  the  latter  joining  the  Oder. 

Wei-Tchon,  a  town  of  China.     See  Hoei-Choo. 

Weitra,  or  Waitra,  ♦i'tri,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
near  the  border  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Krems.  It 
has  double  massive  walls.     Pop.  2299. 

Weixelburg,  a  town  of  lUyria.     See  Weichselburg. 

Weiz,  <^its,  a  village  of  Styria,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Gratz, 
with  1448  inhabitants,  who  manufacture  arms. 

Wekiva,  we-ki'vah,  a  river  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  issues 
from  Clay  Spring,  a  large  sulphur  spring,  runs  northeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  St.  John's  River  about  12  miles  below 
Mellonville.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and  is  said  to  be 
navigable. 

Welaka,  we-l&'k&,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  oo.,  Fla., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  St.  John's  River,  about  10  miles  above 
Palatka.  It  is  surrounded  by  orange-groves.  It  has  2 
ohurches. 

Welau,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Wehla0. 

Wei  born,  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.     See  Wellborn. 

Welch,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.    P.  589. 

Welch,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Mo. 

Welch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Nio- 
brara River,  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Yankton,  S.D.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Welch'es,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  546. 

Welches  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  818. 

iVelch  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Welchpool,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Welshpool. 

Welch's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Welch'ville,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Ox- 
ford township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  40  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Wel'come,  a  post-office  of  St.  James  parish.  La. 

Welcome,  a  post-office  of  Austin  co.,  Tex. 

Wel'come,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Port  Hope.     Pop.  100. 

Weld,  a  northeastern  county  of  Colorado,  bordering  on 
Nebraska  and  Wyoming,  has  an  area  of  about  4075  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Beaver,  Bijou,  Cache  la  Poudre,  Kiowa, 
Pawnee,  and  Terrapin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  an 
arid  plain  or  table-land,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile  if  irrigated,  and  the  climate  is  very  dry.  Oats, 
wheat,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  is  coal  or  lignite.  Tertiary 
strata  underlie  a  large  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Colorado  division  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Greeley.  Pop.  in  1870,  1636;  in  1880,  6646;  in 
1890,  11,736. 

Weld,  a  post- village  in  Weld  township,  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  on  a  beautiful  lake  in  a  broad  valley,  about  14  miles 
W.  of  Farmington,  and  50  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  spools,  boxes,  and  staves. 
Trout  abound  in  the  lake,  which  is  7  miles  long  and  is  near 
the  W.  base  of  Blue  Mountain,  which  rises  2360  feet  above 
the  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1130. 

Wel'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Garnett. 

Welden,  ^fil'd^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  East 
Flanders,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  15  miles  S.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1215. 

Wel'don,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala. 

Weldon,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  about  44  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bakersfield. 


Weldon,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  in  De  Witt  co.,  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad,  llj 
miles  E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Weldon,  a  post-township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.     P.  53. 

Weldon,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co..  Mo.,  about  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Rolla. 

Weldon,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
S.W.  bank  of  the  Roanoke  River,  at  the  hea^  of  steamboat 
navigation,  96  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh,  162  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
mington, and  81  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad,  the  Pe- 
tersburg Railroad,  and  the  Seaboard  A  Roanoke  Railroad. 
It  has  a  newspaj)er  office,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1286. 

Weldon,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Abington  township,  i  mile  from  Abington  Station,  and  11 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  public  hall,  a  coach- 
factory,  and  about  50  houses.     Pop.  about  300. 

Weldon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Huntsville. 

Weldon  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Lu- 
dington.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  2  stores,  and  water-power. 
The  railroad  here  crosses  a  high  bridge  over  a  ravine. 

Weldon  River  rises  in  Iowa,  near  the  N.  border  of 
Decatur  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  runs  southward  through 
Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  and  enters  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand 
River  in  Grundy  co.,  about  3  miles  above  Trenton.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Weldon  Spring,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo. 

Welford,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.     See  Wellford. 

Welka,  '^dl'k&,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hradisoh.     Pop.  1600. 

Wel'ker's,  a  station  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Pennsburg,  Pa. 

Welkersdorf,  ♦ll'k^rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1500. 

Well,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  2  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Alford.  Th6re  are  3  Celtic  barrows  in  this  parish,  and 
in  the  vicinity  600  Roman  coins  were  found  (1725). 

Wel'land,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  the  heads  of 
the  Nene  and  Avon,  flows  N.E.,  separating  Northampton- 
shire from  the  cos.  of  Leicester,  Rutland,  and  Lincoln,  to 
near  Croyland,  where  it  turns  N.  and  divides  into  two  arms, 
one  of  which  branches  E.  to  Wisbeach  and  the  other  enters 
the  Wash  at  Fossdyke.     Length,  70  miles. 

Welland,  a  river  of  Canada.    See  Chippewa. 

Wetland,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  E.  end 
of  Lake  Erie,  by  which  it  is  bounded  on  the  S.  Area,  356 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chippewa  or  Welland 
River.     Capital,  Welland.     Pop.  20,572. 

Welland  (formerly  Mer'rittsville),  a  village  of  On- 
tario, capital  of  the  co.  of  Welland,  situated  on  the  Wel- 
land Canal  and  River,  and  on  the  Welland  Railway,  12  miles 
S.  of  St.  Catharines.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  contains 
3  churches,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  a 
dry-dock,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-factory,  2  saw-mills, 
and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  1110. 

Welland  Port,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Chippewa  River,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canfield.  It 
contains  several  stores  and  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.     P.  300. 

Well'born,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark. 

Wellborn,  or  Welborn,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Railroad, 
72  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Live  Oak. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Wellborn,  a  post-office  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  88^  miles  N.W.  of 
Houston. 

Welle,  w5l'l§h,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.E.  of 
Papua.     Lat.  9°  41'  S.;  Ion.  150°  58'  E. 

Welle,  *4ri§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  the  Dender,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1291. 

Wellen,  Ml'l§n,  a  village  of  Belgian  Limbourg,  6  miles 
S.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2262. 

Wellendingen,  'ft41'l?n-ding-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circle  of  Schwarzwald,  near  Rottweil.     Pop.  1249. 

Wel'ler,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.     Pop.  1560. 

Weller,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Weller,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1140. 

Wel'lersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Southampton  township,  2  miles  from  Barrellville  Station, 
and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  tannery,  an  iron-furnace,  Ac.  Coal  is  found  near  this 
place.     Pop.  290, 


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Wellersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
from  Sohulenburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Weliesley,  welz'l^,  a  post-township  of  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  on  Lake  Waban,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches 
and  3  weekly  (1  collegiate)  newspapers.  Here  is  the 
Weliesley  Female  College,  which  was  established  in  1875, 
and  has  elegant  buildings,  a  corps  of  about  100  instructors, 
and  more  than  700  students.     Pop.  about  3600. 

Weliesley,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Conestogo  River,  8i  miles  N.W.  of  Baden.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory,  a  foundry,  a  flax-mill,  2  flouring-mills, 
2  tanneries,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Weliesley,  welz'l§,  a  county  of  New  South  Wales, 
having  S.W.  the  British  colony  of  Victoria,  and  on  other 
sides  the  cos.  of  Auckland,  Beresford,  and  Wallace.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  covered  by  ramifications  of  the 
Australian  Alps.     Chief  town,  Bomballo. 

Weliesley  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria, North  Australia.  Mornington  Island,  the  northern- 
most and  largest,  is  40  miles  in  length  by  15  in  breadth. 
Lat.  of  N.  point,  16°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  139°  37'  E.  The  other 
islands  are  Bentinck,  Sweers,  Bountiful,  and  Pisonia. 

Weliesley  Province.    See  Province  Wellesley. 

Well'fleet,  a'post- village  in  Wellfleet  township,  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay  and  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road. It  is  about  65  miles  by  water  and  106  miles  by  rail- 
road S.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  3  churches,  and  has  about  100  vessels  employed 
in  the  mackerel-fishery,  which  is  the  main  support  of  the 
inhabitants.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  a  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Cod, 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1875 ;  in  1890,  1291. 

Well'ford,  or  Wel'ford,  a  post-village  of  Spartan- 
burg CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Piedmont  Air- Line  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  a  chapel,  a  broom-factory,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  30  residences. 

Well'ham's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Anne 
Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Wellingborough,  wel'ling-biir-riih,  a  market-town 
and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  lOJ  miles  E.N.E.  of  North- 
ampton, on  a  branch  of  the  Northwestern  Railway.  The 
town  has  a  central  market-place,  a  handsome  church,  an 
endowed  free  school,  and  iron- works.    Pop.  in  1891, 15,068. 

Wel'lington,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop, 
on  the  Shrewsbury  &  Shropshire  Canal,  and  with  a  station 
on  the  Great  Western  and  branch  lines  of  the  London  and 
Northwestern  Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Shrewsbury.  Pop. 
5926.  The  town,  near  the  ancient  Watling  Street,  has  a 
church,  several  chapels,  free  and  national  schools,  a  prison, 
almshouses,  and  a  union  workhouse.  Most  of  the  inhabit- 
ants are  engaged  in  coal-  and  iron- mines,  limestone- 
quarries,  smelting-furnaces,  nail-  and  glass-works.  It  has 
malt-works,  and  a  trade  in  timber.  Near  the  town  are 
chalybeate  and  sulphureous  springs,  resorted  to  by  visitors. 

Wellington,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Somer- 
set, with  a  station  on  the  Bristol  &  Exeter  Railway,  7  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Taunton.  Pop.  5119.  It  has  a  market-house, 
a  church,  many  dissenting  chapels,  a  union  workhouse, 
woollen-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  earthenwares.  This 
town  successively  gave  the  titles  of  Viscount,  Earl,  Mar- 
quis, and  Duke  to  Arthur  Wellesley ;  and  on  a  lofty  hill,  3 
miles  S.,  is  an  obelisk  120  feet  in  height,  commemorating 
his  victory  at  Waterloo. 

Wel'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  29 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Danville. 

Wellington,  a  city,  capital  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Slate  Creek,  and  on  two  railroads,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Wichita.  It  has  3  churches,  a  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  and  numerous  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  4391. 

Wellington,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  681. 

Wellington,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
3i  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Wellington,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  7  or  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Wellington,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  on 
West  Walker  River,  60  miles  S.S.B.  of  Carson  City. 

Wellington,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Wel- 
lington township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  about  10  miles 
S.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  churches.  About  8,000,000  pounds  of  cheese  are 
annually  shipped  here.    Pop.  in  1890,  2069. 

Wellington,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.    P.  502. 


Wel'lington,  a  county  of  Ontario,  centrally  situated 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  province.  Area,  1278  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Grand  River  and  its  branches,  and 
traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and  the  Wellington, 
Grey  A  Bruce  Railways.     Capital,  Guolph.     Pop.  63,283. 

Wellington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  5  miles  from  Yarmouth.  It  contains  a  store  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Wellington,  a  village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
situated  on  West  Lake,  an  inlet  of  Lake  Ontario,  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Brighton.  It  is  an  important  fishing-station,  and 
contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  plaster-mill,  6  hotels,  and  7  or 
8  stores.     Pop.  517. 

Wellington,  Ontario.    See  Kars. 

Wellington,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  12 
miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  50. 

Wel'lington,  a  central  pastoral  district  of  New  South 
Wales,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  upper  course  of  the  Lach- 
lan  and  by  its  affluent  the  Bulubula,  and  on  the  N.  by  the 
Macquarie  River,  the  Darling,  and  the  district  of  Warrega. 
It  includes  several  new  counties,  and  has  an  area  of  16,695 
square  miles.  Pop.  about  20,000.  Principal  towns.  Orange 
and  Wellington. 

Wellington,  a  county  of  West  Australia,  having  W. 
the  ocean,  E.  the  co.  of  Wicklow,  S.  Nelson,  and  N.  Mur- 
ray. The  Darling  Mountains  traverse  it  from  N.  to  S. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Brunswick  and  Preston. 

Wellington,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  North  Island, 
capital  of  the  colony,  and  of  the  province  of  Wellington, 
is  on  Cook  Strait,  and  on  the  W.  shore  of  Port  Nicholson. 
The  houses  are  picturesquely  situated  in  tiers  around  and 
above  the  margin  of  the  bay.  The  town  has  a  mechanics' 
institute,  savings-bank,  custom-house,  exchange,  barracks, 
jail,  hospital,  a  brewery,  steam  flour-  and  saw-mills,  &c. 
Pop.  in  1886,  25,945  ;  in  1891,  31,021 ;  of  province,  97,725. 

Wellington,  an  island  of  South  America,  the  largest 
of  the  chain  which  stretches  along  the  W.  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, between  lat.  47°  30'  and  50°  20'  S.  Greatest  length, 
138  miles ;  medium  breadth,  35  miles.  It  is  separated  from 
Madre  de  Dios  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Trinidad,  and  on 
the  N.  forms  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Penas.  Its  N.  ex- 
tremity is  Cape  San  Roman. 

Wellington  Lake,  Victoria,  Southeast  Australia,  co. 
of  Bruce,  in  Gippsland.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  6 
miles.     It  receives  the  Latrobe  and  Avon  Rivers. 

Wellington,  Mount,  Tasmania,  co.  of  Buckingham, 
is  4166  feet  in  height.  Hobart  Town  is  built  on  its  lower 
ridges. 

Wellington  Square,  Ontario.    See  BuuLiuGTOif. 

Wellington  Station,  South  Australia,  near  the  head 
of  Lake  Victoria,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Adelaide. 

Wel'liversville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Well'man's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.. 
Ontario,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Well'manville,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Wells,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  S.  of  the 
Mendip  Hills,  and  19  miles  S.W.  of  Bath.  Pop.  4518.  It 
has  a  town  hall,  city  and  county  jail,  and  a  conduit  that 
supplies  the  city  with  water,  communicating  through  an 
ancient  gateway  with  the  close,  in  which  are  the  fine  cathe- 
dral and  bishop's  palace.  The  cathedral,  dating  from  the 
time  of  Henry  III.,  has  a  central  tower  178  feet  in  height  ; 
its  interior  is  richly  decorated,  and  has  the  tomb  of  Ina, 
King  of  Wessex.  Other  principal  edifices  are  the  episcopal 
palace,  chapter-house,  deanery,  St.  Cuthbert's  parish,  dis- 
senters' chapels,  and  almshouses.  Here  are  a  collegiate 
school  and  many  other  schools.  Wells  sends  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.  Its  bishop's  see,  erected  in  905, 
and  now  united  with  Bath,  has  been  filled  by  Cardinal  Wol 
sey  and  Archbishop  Laud. 

Wei  Is  j  a  seaport  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Norfolk,  on  u 
creek,  1  mile  from  the  North  Sea,  and  4i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Walsingham.  Pop.  3044.  It  has  a  church,  built  of  flint, 
with  a  lofty  tower,  a  theatre,  and  subscription  library.  Ves- 
sels of  150  tons  reach  the  town.  The  principal  trade  is  in 
the  shipment  of  corn,  malt,  and  oysters,  and  the  import  of 
coal  and  timber.  About  3  miles  distant  is  Holkham,  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester.    • 

Wells,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  367  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash 
and  Salamonie  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  foresta 
of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 
&o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.    This  county  ia 


WEL 


2790 


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traversed  by  the  Fort  Wayne,  Cincinnati  <i;  Louisville  and 
Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroads,  which  converge 
at  Bluffton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,585 ;  in  1880,  18,442 ;  in  1890,  21,514. 

Well 8 »  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1061. 

Wells,  a  post-of&ce  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  about  ISmilee 
S.W.  of  Winterset. 

Wells,  a  post- township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  568. 

Wells,  a  post-village  in  Wells  township,  York  co..  Me., 

1  mile  from  Wells  Beach  Station,  which  is  on  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Portland,  and  nearly  1 
mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  free  high  school,  several 
churches,  and  saw-mills.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroad.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Wells  Depot.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2773. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  295. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  in  Clark 
township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  banking-house,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  a  fiour-mill.  The  machine-shops  of  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad  are  located  here. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  946. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Attala  co.,  Miss.,  about  75  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  manu- 
fiictures  of  lumber,  saddles,  and  shoes,  and  about  30  houses. 

Wells,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Elko.  Here  are  the 
Humboldt  Wells,  the  depth  of  which  is  said  to  be  unfathom- 
able.    The  village  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains. 

Wells,  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.     See  Pine  Citt. 

Wells,  a  station  of  the  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wells 
township,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  about  64  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  970. 

Wells,  a  township  of  JeflFerson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1414. 

Wells,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  from  Elmira,  N.Y.  Pop.  1207.  Wells  Post-Office  is 
at  a  village  named  Mosherville. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  589. 

Wells,  a  post-village  in  Wells  township,  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  is  at  the  base  of 
a  mountain  at  the  S.  end  of  Wells  Pond  or  Lake  Austin, 
which  is  7  miles  long.     It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-mill, 

2  cheese-factories,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  483. 
Wells,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis. 

Wells  Beach,  York  co..  Me.    See  Wells. 

Wellsborough,  wSlz'bfir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  57  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Chicago.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Wellsborough,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Delmar  township,  on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  A 
Antrim  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corning,  and  about 
40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  stone  court- 
house, 5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  and  a  foundry  with 
a  machine-shop.  It  is  on  the  border  of  the  great  bitumi- 
nous coal-field.     Pop.  in  1880,  2228;  in  1890,  2961. 

Wells  Branch,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Me.,  near 
the  ocean,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland. 

Wells  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Unadilla  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Albany 
<fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  47  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  132. 

Wells'bnrg,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  about 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Wellsburg,  a  post-village  in  Ashland  township,  Che- 
mung CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chemung  River  and  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  3  hotels, 
and  a  planing-mill. 

Wellsburg,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Lundy's  Lane. 

Wellsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brooke  co.,  W. 
Va.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  16  miles  above 
Wheeling.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  paper-mills,  a  foundry,  a  plan- 
ing-mill, a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2235. 

Wells  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Wells  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Wells  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland,  Saco  A  Portsmouth  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Biddeford.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wood. 


Wells  Junction,  a  station  in  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  St.  Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  the  junction  with 
the  Central  Railroad,  IJ  miles  W.  of  Mankato. 

Wells  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Falls  City. 

Well  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Caryville.     It  has  a  church. 

Wells  River,  Vermont,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in 
Caledonia  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Connec- 
ticut River  at  the  village  of  Wells  River. 

Wells  River,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Newbury  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Wells  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Haverhill,  N.H.,  and  21  miles 
S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  is  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Mon- 
treal Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Montpelier  A  Wells 
River  Railroad,  and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Passumpsic 
Railroad.  It  has  water-power,  a  national  bank  (capital, 
$600,000),  a  hotel,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  manila  paper,  furniture,  and  coffins.    Pop.  513. 

Wells'  Tan'nery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.^  Pa., 
about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Altoona.     Here  is  a  tannery. 

Wells'ton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  or  near 
Milton  Station,  which  is  32  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  an  iron-furnace,  and  the  works  of  the  Wellston  Coal 
A  Iron  Company.     Pop.  in  1880,  952;  in  1890,  4377. 

Wells'ville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  church. 

Wellsville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lenawee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
7  miles  E.  of  Adrian. 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mexico,  and  90  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  3  grain-elevators.     Pop.  815. 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  in  Wellsville  township,  Al- 
leghany CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Riyer,  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Hornellsville,  and  8  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Belmont.  It  has  4  or  more  churches,  2  banking- 
houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  3  tanneries,  2 
machine-shops,  and  several  saw-mills.  It  is  the  largest 
village  in  the  county,  and  an  important  shipping-point. 
The  railroad  station  at  this  place  is  called  Genesee.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3435;  of  township,  4765. 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  in  Yellow  Creek  township, 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River  and  the  Cleveland 
A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
20  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  steel-mill, 
a  tannery,  3  foundries,  a  large  machine-shop,  and  terra- 
cotta-works. The  river  here  flows  between  high  hills. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3377;  in  1890,  5247. 

Wellsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warrington  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  tannery,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  a  whip-factory. 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  is  near 
the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Mendon  Station, 
and  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountain,  about  80 
miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  lumber. 

Wells'wood,  or  Loyd's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of 
Rapides  parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Boeuf,  28  miles  S.  of  Alex* 
andria. 

Well'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Stephenson's  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Well'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Petersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Well  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
18  miles  E.  of  Lovingston. 

Well'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Wei  8 ,  ♦els,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Traun  and  the 
Budweis  A  Gmiinden  Railway,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Lintz.  Pop. 
6827.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Lutheran  chapel,  a 
vast  hospital,  a  military,  high,  and  other  schools,  manufac- 
tures of  leather  and  cotton,  copper-foundries,  paper-  and 
powder-mills,  and  an  active  transit  trade. 

Welschland,  or  Waischland,  ♦filsh'llnt,  a  German 
word  originally  signifying  "  foreign  country,"  but  usually 
applied  to  Italy. 

Wels'ford,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Nerepis  River,  and  on  a  railway,  24i  miles 
from  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Welsh'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Trov 


WEL 


2791 


WEN 


township,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  about  30  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Cleveland. 

Welsh'pool,  or  Welch'pool,  a  town  of  North  Wales, 
of  which  it  is  regarded  as  the  capital,  oo.  of  Montgomery, 
on  the  Ellesmere  Canal,  and  on  the  Severn,  with  a  junction 
station  on  the  Cambrian  Railway,  18  J  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Shrewsbury.  Pop.  4033.  It  has  a  Gothic  church,  chapels, 
museum  and  library,  national  and  free  schools,  alms- 
houses, woollen-mills,  tanneries,  and  malt-houses. 

Welsh  Pool,  New  Brunswick.     See  Campo  Bello. 

Welsh  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  an  academy  and 
2  churches. 

Welsh's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 

Welsleben,  -^^Sls'li^b^n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
government  of  Magdeburg,  circle  of  Wanzleben.    P.  1779. 

Welten,  w8rt§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maestricht. 

Wel'tes,  a  post- village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  in  Camp- 
bell township,  7  miles  E.  of  Erskine.     It  has  2  churches. 

Weltevreden,  wel't§-vrS.Men,  a  town  of  Java,  3  miles 
inland  from  Batavia,  and  containing  the  residences,  &c.,  of 
Europeans  and  officials. 

Welton,  Effingham  co.,  111.     See  Gilmore. 

Welton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Welton  township,  Clinton  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Davenport  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  31  miles 
N.  of  Davenport,  and  7  miles  N.  of  De  Witt.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  865. 

Wel'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Candor  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Owego. 

Welwarn,  ^4l''^arn,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Rakonitz,  on  the  Rothenbach,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Prague. 
It  has  a  hospital  and  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  2006. 

Welzheim,  ♦^Its'hime,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Leine,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1774. 

Wem,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Shrewsbury.  It  has  a  handsome  church,  gram- 
mar-school, manufactures  of  leather,  and  a  malting-trade. 

Wemding,  ♦Sm'ding,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Swabia,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  1955.  It  has  an 
ancient  castle,  and  manufactures  of  fire-arms,  nails,  Ac. 

Wemmel,  wSm'mel,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Brabant,  on  the  Molenbeek,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels. 
Pop.  1288. 

Wemssen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Mseno. 

Wemyss,  weems,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on 
the  Firth  of  Forth,  N.E.  of  Dysait.  Pop.  6400.  On  the 
rocky  shore  is  Wemyss  Castle. 

Wen'achee'  (or  Pisquouse)  River,  Washington, 
rises  in  the  Cascade  Range,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters 
the  Columbia  River  near  lat.  47°  30'  N. 

Wen^aso'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad. 

Wen- Chang,  or  Wen-Tchang,  the  N.E.  district 
of  the  island  of  Hainan. 

Wen'dell,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wendell  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Miller's  River.  It  con- 
tains Wendell  Depot.     Pop.  of  the  township,  503. 

Wendell  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Wendell  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River  and  the  Vermont  & 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg. 

Wendel,  Sanct,  Prussia.    See  Sanct  Wendel. 

Wendelstein,  ♦fln'del-stine^  a  market-town  of  Ba- 
varia, Middle  Franconia,  S.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1310. 

Wenden,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vendbn. 

Wen'dover,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Bucks,  at  the  foot  of  the  Chiltern  Hills,  21  miles  S.E, 
of  Buckingham.  Pop.  of  parish,  2033.  The  town  is  small, 
and  near  a  reservoir  of  the  Grand  Junction  Canal. 

Wen'dover,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Ottawa,  33  miles  below  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Wener,  ^i'n§r,  or  Wenner,  ♦fin'n^r,  a  lake  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Sweden,  and  the  largest  in  Europe  after  those 
of  Ladoga  and  Onega,  between  lat.  58°  22'  and  59°  25' 
N.  and  Ion.  12°  20'  and  14°  12'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  Isens 
of  Mariestad  and  Carlstad.  Length,  94  miles;  breadth, 
from  15  to  50  miles  near  its  centre,  where  two  peninsulas 
extend  into  it  from  N.  to  S.,  and,  with  a  group  of  islands, 
nearly  separate  it  into  Wener  Lake  N.E.  and  Dalbo  Lake 
S.W.  Estimated  area,  2120  square  miles;  average  height 
above  the  sea,  147  feet,  but  its  level  varies  at  diflFerent  times 
as  much  as  10  feet.  Shores  greatly  indented ;  it  receives 
about  30  rivers,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Klar  from  the 
N.,  and  it  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  Gotha 
S.W.  into  the  Cattegat.  Though  deep  in  some  parts,  it  is  in 
others  too  shallow  for  navisration.     It  is  connected  by  a 


canal  with  Lake  Wetter  on  the  E.,  by  which,  and  the  GStha 
Canal,  Lake  Roxen,  Ac,  a  continuous  line  of  inland  com- 
munication extends  between  the  Cattegat  and  the  Baltic. 

Wen'ersborg,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  Isen 
of  Elfsborg,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Wener,  at  the 
efflux  of  the  Gotha,  has  been  regularly  laid  out  since  its 
destruction  by  fire  in  1834,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  principal 
government  establishments  for  the  province.  Pop.  5303. 
Near  it  are  brick-kilns  and  large  military  magazines.  See 
also  Elfsborg. 

Wenew,  a  town  of  Rassia.    See  Venev. 

Wengern  Alp,  Switzerland.    See  Scheideck. 

Wen 'ham,  a  post-village  <-f  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Wen- 
ham  township,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.  Here  is  Wenham  Lake,  from  which  large  quan- 
tities of  ice  are  exported.  From  Wenham  Station  branch 
railroads  extend  to  Essex  and  Asbury  Grove.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  985. 

Wenks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Pine  Grove  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Wen'lock,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough, 
21,208.  It  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
It  contains  the  town  of  Mueh-Wenlock,  which  is  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Shrewsbury,  and  has  a  spacious  church,  a  free  school, 
and  a  pop.  of  2531. 

Wenneconne,  Wisconsin.    See  Winneconnb. 

Wenner,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    See  Wener. 

Weno'na,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co..  111.,  in  Evans 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
La  Salle,  and  19i  miles  E.  of  Lacon.  It  has  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  the  Wenona 
College,  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  879. 

Wenona,  a  former  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  now 
constituting  the  principal  part  of  West  Bay  City.  It  has 
5  churches,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt. 
It  lies  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Saginaw  River,  and  on  the 
Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Saginaw. 

Weno'nah,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  h&s 
2  churches,  a  fine  hotel,  and  numerous  handsome  residences. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Wen'sum,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  rises 
near  Fakenham,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Yare  2  miles  below  Norwich. 

Wen-Tchang,  island  of  Hainan.     See  Wen-Chang. 

Wen-Tcheou-Fou,  China.    See  Wanchow. 

Wen-Tchoo,  or  Wen-Tchou,  w5n-choo',  a  mari- 
time city  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  capital  of  a  de- 
partment, 145  miles  S.  of  Ning-Po. 

Went'vvorth,  a  township  and  chapelry  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding.  The  church  contains  monuments 
of  the  Fitzwilliam  family,  whose  seat,  Wentworth  Hall,  is 
in  the  vicinity. 

Went'worth,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  abont 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Osage. 

Wentworth,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  township, 
Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  on  Baker's  River  and  the  Boston,  Con- 
cord A  Montreal  Railroad,  67  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord, 
and  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Haverhill.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  hills  and  beautiful  scenery.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  971. 

Wentworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.C.,  in  Wentworth  township,  about  90  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Raleigh,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Danville,  Va.  It  has  an 
academy,  2  churches,  and  2  or  3  tobacco-factories.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1880,  2488 ;  in  1890,  2622. 

Went'worth,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  head 
of  Lake  Ontario,  which  forms  its  eastern  boundary.  Area, 
454  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head-branches  of 
Welland  River,  and  other  small  streams,  and  intersected 
by  the  Great  Western  and  Hamilton  A  Lake  Erie  Railways. 
Capital,  Hamilton.     Pop.  57,599. 

Wentworth,  a  post-village  and  settlement  in  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  78 
miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  400. 

WentAVorth,  a  village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  St.  Croix  River,  2J  miles  from  Windsor.  It  exports 
considerable  quantities  of  gypsum.     Pop.  100. 

Wentworth  Grant,  a  hamlet  in  Pioton  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  10  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  180. 

Wentworth's  Location,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co., 
N.H. 

Wentz'ville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  oo.,  Mo.,  on 


WEO 


2792 


WES 


the  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  St. 
Charles.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  aoademj.     Pop.  543. 
Weobley,  or  Weobly,  woo'blee,  a  market-town  and 

?ari8h  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Hereford, 
op.  932.  It  has  a  free  grammar-school,  and  remains  of  a 
castle  famous  in  the  wars  of  Stephen  and  the  Empress 
Matilda. 

Weoguf  ka,  we-o-guPkah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  oo., 
Ala.,  about  55  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.  Copper,  lead,  and 
mica  are  said  to  be  found  here. 

Wequiock,  we'kw9-5k,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co. 
Wis.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Green  Bay,  9  miles  N.E.  of  the 
city  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Werbach,  ♦fin'biK,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Tauber,  3  miles  N.  of  Bischofsheim. 

Werben,  ♦fln'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  54  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Havel  with 
the  Elbe.     Pop.  1736. 

Werchter,  ♦SRs't^r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Brabant,  at  the  junction  of  the  Demer  with  the  Dyle,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2109. 

Wercken,  ♦fink'ken,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1576. 

Werdau,  ^R'dSw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  5  miles  W.N. W. 
of  Zwickau,  on  the  Pleisse,  and  on  the  Saxon  Bavarian 
Railway.  Pop.  11,689.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  cotton  fabrics,  cotton-printing  works,  machine-shops, 
dye-works,  Ac. 

Werden,  •^fia'd^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Ruhr.  Pop.  6746.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths,  cotton  yarn, 
cutlery,  soap,  machinery,  and  leather,  with  iron-foundries 
and  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Werder,  ^fiR'd^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, government  and  5  miles  W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the 
Havel.     It  has  a  fishery,  a  ship-yard,  &c.     Pop.  4568. 

Wereja,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vereya. 

Werkhoturie,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Verkhotoorie. 

Werl,  'frfiRl,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  govern- 
ment of  Arnsberg,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Soest.  Pop.  4694. 
It  has  a  Capuchin  convent,  with  a  greatly  venerated  image 
of  the  Virgin,  which  attracts  numerous  pilgrims.  Near  it 
are  important  salt-works. 

Wer'ley,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grant  oo..  Wis.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fc  Tomah  Railroad. 

Wermelskirchen,  ♦^R'm^ls-keSRK^^n,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf. 
Pop.  4007.  It  has  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of  wool- 
len cloth. 

Wermirowice,  a  village  of  Moravia.  See  Warnsdorf. 

Wermland,  a  lajn  of  Sweden.     See  Carlstad. 

Wermsdorf,  ♦iums'doRf,  a  village  of  Austria,  Mo- 
ravia, circle  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1210. 

Wermsdorf,  ♦jRms'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Leiosic.     Pop.  1996. 

Werne,  *SR'n§h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  20 
miles  S.  of  Miinster,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lippe.  Pop. 
2119,  mostly  employed  in  linen-weaving. 

Wer'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow  River,  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City. 

Wernersreuth,  ♦fiR'n^rs-roit^  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
on  the  Elster,  3  miles  from  Asch.     Pop.  2274. 

Wer'nersville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Heidelberg  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  water-cure  or  sanitarium,  and  2  cigar-factories. 
Pop.  about  350. 

Wernigerode.  -frSR^ne-ga-ro'd^h,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the 
Holzemme.  Pop.  7577.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new 
town  and  the  suburb  Noschenrode.  It  has  a  castle,  the 
residence  of  the  Counts  Stolberg- Wernigerode,  with  a  library 
of  40,000  volumes,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  stuffs,  brandy,  leather,  and  paper. 

Wernitz,  ♦iR'nits,  or  Wornitz,  ^oR'nits,  a  river  of 
Bavaria,  circles  of  Middle  Pranconia  and  Swabia,  after  a 
S.  course  of  60  miles  joins  the  Danube  at  Donauworth. 

Wernstadt,  ^jRn'stSt,  or  Wernst^dtel,  ^jRn'stSt*- 
t§l,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Leitmeritz. 

Werowitz,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Verocz. 

Werra,  ^Sr'rJ,  a  river  of  Central  Germany,  rises  in  the 
Thuringian  Forest,  16  miles  N.  of  Coburg,  flows  N.W.,  and 
at  Minden  joins  the  Fulda  to  form  the  Weser.  Length, 
150  miles.  Its  affluents  are  the  Schleuse  and  Horsel  from 
the  E.,  and  the  Ulster  and  Sontra  from  the  S. 

Werre,  ♦jR'Rfh,  a  river  of  Germany,  after  a  N.  and 


E.  course  of  35  miles,  joins  the  Weser  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Minden. 

Wer'ribeeS  a  river  of  the  British  colony  Victoria, 
Australia,  flows  S.E.  for  50  miles  between  the  cos.  of  Grant 
and  Bourke,  and  enters  Port  Phillip  16  miles  S.W.  of  Mel 
bourne. 

Werro,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Verro. 

Werschetz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Versecz. 

Wertach,  ♦SR'tS.K,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Swabia, 
rises  on  the  frontier  of  Tyrol,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Lech  immediately  beyond  Augsburg.     Length,  70  miles. 

Wertemberg,  Pennsylvania.     See  Wurtemberg. 

Wertheiin,  ^fiRt'hime,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Lower  Rhine,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Tauber  with  the 
Main,  20  miles  W.  of  WUrzburg.  It  has  3  castles,  a  church, 
a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  linen  and 
cotton  fabrics.     Pop.  3447. 

Werther,  *fiR't$r,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1654. 

Wertingen,  ^fiR'ting-§n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Swabia,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1789. 

Werts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
East  Amwell  township,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ringoes.  It  haj 
a  church. 

Wervicq-Snd,  vairVeek'-siid,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  on  the  Lys,  12  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2045. 

Werwicq,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Vervick. 

Wescosville,  wes'kos-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.. 
Pa.,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  AUentown.     It  has  a  church. 

Wesel,  NiEDER.    See  Nieder  Wesel. 

Wesel»  Ober,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Oberwesel. 

Wesel y,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Hoch-Wesely. 

Wes'ely,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Minn. 

Wesemael,  ♦i'z^h-m&r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabant,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Poj>.  1591. 

Wesen,  ♦i'z^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
24  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Wallen- 
Btadt  Lake.     Pop.  769, 

Wesenberg,  ♦A'z^n-bino',  a  town  of  Meoklenburg- 
Strelitz,  on  Lake  Woblitz,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Neu-Strelitz. 
Pop.  1544. 

Wesenberg,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  60  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Revel.     Pop.  1564. 

We'ser  (Ger.  pron.  ^A'z^r;  anc.  Vi»ur'gi»),  a  river  of 
Germany,  its  basin  lying  between  that  of  the  Elbe  on  the 
E.  and  those  of  the  Ems,  Rhine,  and  Main  on  the  W.  and 
S.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Fulda  and  Werra  at 
Minden,  whence  it  flows  N.,  and  enters  the  North  Sea,  in 
conjunction  with  the  Jahde,  by  an  estuary  24  miles  across 
at  its  entrance.  Its  affluents  comprise  the  Leine,  with  the 
Aller  and  Wiimme  from  the  E.,  and  the  Aue  and  Hunte 
from  the  W.  Total  course,  250  miles.  It  is  navigable  for 
large  ships  no  farther  than  Bremerhaven,  near  its  mouth. 

Weset,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Vise. 

Wesijegonsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vesegonsk, 

Wes'ley,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Ark.,  14i  miles 
E.  of  Fayetteville,  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  seminary  for  both  sexes. 

Wesley,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.     Pop.  924. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  AVestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.N. W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
from  Alexander  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Colum- 
bus.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  50. 

Wesley,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  about 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.     Pop.  336. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Snow  Hill.     Pop.  150. 

Wesley,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mari- 
etta, Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.E.  of 
Marietta. 

Wesley,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  1450. 

Wesley,  Venango  co..  Pa.     See  Mechanicsville. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Brenham. 

Wesley,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Thamesford.     Pop.  200. 

Wesley  City,  a  hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Peoria. 

Wesley  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  m 
the  railroad  between  Mason  City  and  Algona,  11  miles  B 
of  Algona. 


WES 


2793 


WES 


Wes'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of 
Erie.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wesprim,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Veszprim. 

Wesselbjiren,  ^fis's^l-biiV^n,  or  Weslingbttren, 
<^Ss'ling-buV§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holatein,  North 
Ditmarsch.     It  was  anciently  walled.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Wesseli,  or  Wessely,  <>Ss-si'lee  (?),  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Hradisoh,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
March.     Pop.  3114.     It  has  a  castle  and  sturgeon-fisheries. 

Wes'sel  Islands^  a  group  oflF  North  Australia,  N.W, 
of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  extending  for  50  miles  from 
S.W.  to  N.E.,  the  principal  and  northernmost  island  being 
30  miles  in  length,  by  6  or  7  miles  across.  Lat.  of  Cape 
Weasel,  at  its  N.  extremity,  10°  59'  S.,  Ion.  136°  45'  E.  _ 

Wessem,  wfis'sSm,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  on  the  Meuse  (Maese),  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Roermond. 

Wes'sington,  a  post-village  of  Beadle  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway,  26  miles  W.  of  Huron. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce. 

Wessington  Springs^  an  incorporated  post-village 
of  South  Dakota,  capital  of  Jerauld  oo.,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Alpena.  It  has  3  churches,  a  state  bank,  a  Conference 
Seminary  (Free  Methodist),  and  2  newspaper  olBcea.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Wessjegons&y  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yeseoonsk. 

Wes'son,  or  Wes'sen,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.  of  Brookhaven,  and  1  mile  from  Beauregard.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  cotton  and  wool- 
len goods,  which  employs  about  600  hands.  Many  citizens 
of  New  Orleans  spend  the  summer  here.     P.  (1890)  3168. 

West.  For  names  with  this  prefix  not  below,  see  ad- 
ditional word. 

West  Ab'ington,  a  post-village  in  Abington  town- 
ship, Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  from  North  Abington 
Station.     Pop.  about  400. 

West  Ac'ton,  a  post-village  in  Acton  township.  Middle- 
lex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Boston.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cider  and  wooden-ware. 

West  Ad'dison,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rathbono  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
W.  of  Corning. 

West  Addison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Addison  township, 
Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Vergennes.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Albany,  all'ba-n?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Volga  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Fayette.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  about  25  houses. 

West  Albany,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Albany  town- 
ehip,  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Zumbro  River,  2  miles 
from  Tracey  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Red 
Wing.     It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  815. 

West  Albany,  a  post-village  in  Watervhet  township, 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  the  oapitol  at  Albany.  Here  are  some  engine- 
houses  and  workshops  of  the  railroad  company,  which  em- 
ploy many  men  in  the  manufacture  of  locomotives  and  cars. 
Large  stock -yards  are  located  here. 

West  Alburg,  awl'biirg,  or  Wind'mill  Point, 
Orand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  is  on  Lake  Champlain  and  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  li  miles  E.  of  Rouse's  Point. 

West  Alden,  all'd^n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alden  town- 
ship, Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Bufifalo.  It  has 
a  church. 

West  Alexan'der,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  National  Road  and  the  Wheeling  &  Pittsburg 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of 
Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  cigar-factory, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  500. 

West  Alexan'dria,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0., 
on  Twin  Creek,  5  miles  E.  of  Eaton  Station,  and  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Dayton.  It  is  partly  in  Lanier  and  partly  in 
Twin  township.  It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and 
manufactures  of  cigars  and  furniture. 

West  AIM  en,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

West'all  Point,  South  Australia,  Eyre  Land.  Lat. 
32°  52'  S.;  Ion.  133°  59'  E.  A  mountain  named  Westall, 
East  Australia,  near  Shoal  Bay,  is  an  important  landmark. 

West  AI'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Almond  town- 
ship, Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  W.  of  Hornells- 
ville.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  798. 

West  Alton,  all'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alton  township, 
Belknap  oo.,  N.H.,  on  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  about  9  miles 
E.  of  Laconia.     It  has  a  churoh. 

V^est  Am'boy%  a  post-hamlet  in  Amboy  township, 
]7f) 


Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Syracuse.    It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Amesbary,  Massachusetts.    See  Merriuac. 

West  Am'well,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  4872.     It  contains  Lambertville. 

West  An'dover,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andover  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.W.  of  Concord,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Mount  Kearsarge. 

West  Andover,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Andover  township,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Jefi^erson. 

West  Andover  Village,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Andover  township,  1  mile  from  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad.     It  has  a  churoh. 

West  Apop'ka,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla. 

West  Ap'pleton,  a  post-office  of  Enox  oo.,  Me.,  about 
25  miles  E.  of  Augusta. 

West  Arichat,  &-re-sh&t',  a  maritime  village  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Richmond,  on  Chedabuoto  Bay,  7  miles  from 
Arichat.     Pop.  350. 

West  Ar'lington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Arlington  town- 
ship, Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Batten  Kill  River,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Bennington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brush 
handle-factory. 

West  Ash'er,  a  post-offioe  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Ash'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,Conn., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Willimantic. 

West  Ath'ens,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  about 
60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Augusta. 

West  Auburn,  aw'bQrn,  a  post-village  of  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  in  the  city  of  Auburn,  near  Auburn  Lake,  6^ 
miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  boots  and  shoes. 

West  Auburn,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa., 
about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

West  Auck'land,  a  township  of  England,  oo.  of  Dur- 
ham, 4  miles  S.W.  of  Bishop-Auckland.  Pop.  3187,  em- 
ployed in  various  manufactures.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl 
to  the  Eden  family. 

West  Augus'ta,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va. 

West  Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  station  in  Kane  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
A  Quincy  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Aurora. 

West  Aus'tintown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co., 
0.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
about  11  miles  S.  of  AVarren.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Australia.     See  Western  Australia. 

West  A' von,  a  post-hamlet  in  Avon  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  an 
academy,  a  church,  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

West  Ba'den,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  of 
Orange  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Shoals,  and  about  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a  sulphur  spring  and 
several  boarding-houses. 

West  Bain'bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bainbridge 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Bainbridge 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Bald'win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.. 
Me.,  in  Baldwin  township,  on  the  Saco  River  and  the  Port- 
land &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland. 

West  Baltimore,  bawl't^-more,  a  post-village  of 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  A  Union  Railroad,  21 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  about  260. 

West  Ban'gor,  or  Bangor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bangor 
township,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ma- 
lone.     Ix  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

West  Bangor,  a  post-village  in  Peach  Bottom  town- 
ship, York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Lancaster,  and  i 
mile  from  Delta  Station  of  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  slate. 

West  Bar'net,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barnet  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  4i  miles  from  Barnet,  and  about  25  miles 
E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
wooden-ware. 

West  Barnstable,  bam'sta-b'l,  a  post-village  of 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in  Barnstable  township,  near  an  inlet 
of  the  sea,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  69  miles  S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

West  Bar're,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
32  miles  W.  of  Rochester,     It  has  a  church. 

West  Bata'via,  a  post-hamlet  in  Batavia  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at 
Croft's  Station,  6J  miles  W.S.W.  of  Batavia. 

West  Bath,  township,  Sagadahoc  oo..  Me.     Pop.  373. 

West  Baton  Rouge,  bat'^n  roozh,  a  parish  in  the 
S.E.  central  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  210 
square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi 


WES 


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River.  The  surface  is  level  and  is  partly  subject  to  inunda- 
tion. A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  and  cy- 
press-swamps. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  sugar-cane 
are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is  traversed  by  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railway.  Capital,  Port  Allen.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6114;  in  1880,  7667;  in  1890,  8363. 

West  Baton  Ronge,  a  former  post-village  of  West 
Baton  Rouge  parish,  La.    See  Allain. 

West  Bay^  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  oc,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  an  arm  of  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  13  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Steamers  run  hence  to  Sydney.     Pop.  200. 

West  Bay  City  (formerly  Wenona),  an  incorporated 
city  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  River,  opposite  Bay 
City,  and  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Saginaw.  In  addition 
to  the  former  village  of  Wenona,  it  comprises  the  villages 
of  Banks  and  Salzburg.  It  has  a  state  bank,  a  normal 
school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  4  churches.  It  exports  large 
quantities  of  lumber,  and  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
salt.     Pop.  in  1880,  6397,-  in  1890,  12,981. 

West  Bear  River,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal. 

West  Beaver,  bee'v^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana 
00.,  0.,  on  Beaver  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  New  Lisbon. 

West  Beaver,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa. 

West  Beck'et,  a  post-hamlet  in  Becket  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a 
church  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

West  Bed'ford,  a  post-village  in  Bedford  township, 
Coshocton  CO.,  0.,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Newark.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

West  Beek'mantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
N.T.,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Plattsburg. 

West  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Bend  township, 
Palo  Alto  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines 
River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Algona.     Pop.  of  township,  246. 

West  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  35  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Lexington. 

West  Bend,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.. 
Wis.,  in  West  Bend  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River  and 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  contains 
6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and 
several  mills.     Pop.  1225 ;  of  township,  893  additional. 

West  Bergen,  bQr'gh^n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bergen 
township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

West  Berkeley,  berk'lee,  a  post-village  of  Alameda 
CO.,  Cal.,  adjacent  to  Berkeley.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Berkshire,  b^rk'shir,  a  post-hamlet  in  Berk- 
shire township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Albans.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

West  Ber'lin,a  post-hamlet  in  Berlin  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitohburg  Rail- 
road, 42  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

West  Bernard,  Texas.    See  New  Philadelphia. 

West  Berne,  Albany  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Peoria. 

West  Beth'any,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co.,  N.T., 
about  37  miles  E.  of  Buffalo. 

West  Bethany,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  near  Tarr,  12 
miles  S.  of  Greensburg.     It  has  a  distillery. 

West  Beth'el,  a  post- village  in  Bethel  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  near  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  74  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

West  Beth'lehem,  a  borough  of  Hanover  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  a  suburb  of  Bethlehem,  is  on  the  Lehigh 
River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  "Valley  Railroad.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1886.     Pop.  about  1500. 

West  Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Washington  oo., 
Pa.    Pop.  1964. 

West  Bev'ilport,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  oo.,  Tex. 

West  Bingham,  bing'am,  post-office,  Potter  co.,  Pa. 
West  Black  Stocks,  a  township  of  Chester  oo.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1278. 

West  Bloom'field,  a  township  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mioh. 
Pop.  1046. 

"West  Bloomfield,  apost-village  in  West  Bloomfield 
township,  Ontario  co.,  N."i.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Rochester,  and  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the 
township,  1570. 

West  Bloomfield,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis. 
West  Bloom'ingdale,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey 
Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paterson,  N.J. 

West  Bine  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis., 
about  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     Lead  is  found  here. 


West  Bolton,  bSl'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Chittenden  oo., 
"Vt.,  about  17  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Burlington. 

West  Bolton,  a  post-village  in  Brome  oo.,  Quebec,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  150. 

Westborongh,  west'bfir-ruh,  a  post-village  in  West- 
borough  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  & 
Albany  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Worcester,  and  32  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Boston.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  water-cure,  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  the  Willow  Park  Seminary.  A  state  re- 
form school  is  located  in  the  township.  It  has  manufactures 
of  boots  and  shoes,  straw  goods,  spring  beds,  and  sleighs. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  5195. 

Westborongh,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo.,  0.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  on  the  Hillsborough  Branch  of  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  237. 

Westborongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  "Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  83  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stevens 
Point.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

West'bonrne,  or  White  Hind  River,  a  post-village 
of  Manitoba,  on  White  Mud  River,  70  miles  W.  of  Winni- 
peg. It  is  admirably  situated  on  the  route  of  the  Canada 
Pacific  Railway,  and  promises  to  become  an  important  town. 
A  splendid  bridge  spans  the  river  at  this  place.     Pop.  200. 

West  Bowdoin,  bo'd^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc 
CO.,  Me.,  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

West  Bowersville,  bSw'^rz-vIl,  a  post-village  of 
Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Elberton  Air-Line  Railroad,  21^ 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tocooa.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

West  Box'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
about  7  miles  E.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Boylston,  boilz't^n,  a  post-village  in  West 
Boylston  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Worcester 
<t  Nashua  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Worcester,  and  about  40 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  boots,  Ac.  The  township  contains  another 
village,  named  Oakdale,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods  and  several  cotton-mills.    P.  of  township  (1890),  3019. 

West  Brad'ford,  township,  Chester  oo..  Pa.  P.  1536. 

West  Brain 'tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  "Vt.,  on 
the  Central  "Vermont  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont- 
pelier.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

West  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Springdale  township. 
Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  North- 
em  Railroad,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2 
churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

West  Branch,  a  post- village  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
66  miles  N.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  an  aotire  trade  in 
lumber. 

West  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Neb.,  about 
60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lincoln. 

West  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lee  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  10  or  12  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  150. 

W  est  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

West  Branch,  Richland  co..  Wis.  See  Spring  Valley. 

West  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kent  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Nicholas  River,  12  miles 
from  Kingston.     Pop.  200. 

West  Bran'dywine,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  933. 

West  Brat'tleborongh,  a  post-village  in  Brattle- 
borough  township,  Windham  co.,  "Vt.,  2  miles  from  Brattle- 
borough  Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.  of  Bennington.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

West  Brew'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth. 

West  Bridgeton,  bry'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  about  33  miles  W.  of  Lewiston. 

West  Bridgewater,  brij'wi-t§r,  a  post-viUage  in 
West  Bridgewater  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  1  mile 
from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  the  Howard  Seminary,  with  a 
building  which  cost  $60,000.  The  township  has  2  foun- 
dries, a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  boots, 
shoes,  shovels,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  1917. 

West  Bridgewater,  Pa.    See  Bridgewater. 

West  Bridgewater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsoi  co., 
Vt.,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Rutland,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Kil- 
lington  Peak.  It  has  manufactures  of  wooden  bowls  and 
chair-stretchers. 


1 


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2795 


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West  Brid'port,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Addison  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  i  mile  from  Crown  Point,  N.Y. 

West  Brighton,  bri'tgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo., 
N.Y.,  near  the  Genesee  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

West  Brim'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brimfield  town- 
ship, Hampden  cc,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
brick-yard.     It  is  on  the  Chicopee  River. 

West  Bris'tol)  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me. 

West  Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Brome,  a  post- village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Yamaska  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern 
Railway,  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     P.  125. 

West  Brom'wich,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Staf- 
ford, 2i  miles  S.B.  of  "Wednesbury.  It  has  numerous  places 
of  worship,  a  branch  bank,  and  mines  of  coal  and  iron. 

West'brook,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Westbrook  township,  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  28  miles 
E.  of  New  Haven,  and  about  1  mile  from  Long  Island 
Sound.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Westbrook,  a  city  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad  and  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  contains  the  villages 
of  Saooarappa  and  Cumberland  Mills.  The  city  charter  was 
adopted  in  1891.  Westbrook  has  several  churches,  and 
public  schools,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  belting,  boots 
and  shoes,  bricks,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  6632. 

Westbrook,  a  post-office  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

West  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Westbrook,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex.,  about  50 
miles  W.  of  Austin. 

West  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Frontenao  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.    Pop.  100. 

West  Brook'field,  a  post-village  in  West  Brookfield 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  69  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston,  and  29  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  corset-factory.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Ware  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Chicopee  River.  It  has  several  manufac- 
tories of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1903. 

West  Brookfield,  a  post- village  in  Tuscarawas  town- 
ship. Stark  CO.,  0.,  2  or  3  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  steam  mill.  It  is  often  called  Brookfield. 
Pop.  about  400. 

West  Brook'lyn,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  HI.,  at 
Brooklyn  Station,  10  miles  E.  of  Amboy. 

West  Brooklyn,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa. 

West'brooks,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1449. 

West  Brooks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brooksville 
township,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Belfast. 

West  Brook'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  <fc  Hudson  Canal,  13  or  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Port  Jervis.     Bluestone  for  flagging  is  shipped  here. 

West  Broughton,bro't9n,  a  post-village  in  Beauoe  co., 
Quebec,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph  de  Beauce.    P.  150. 

West  Browns'ville,  a  post-borough  of  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  oppo- 
site Brownsville.  It  has  a  church,  and  boat-yards  in  which 
steamers  and  other  boats  are  built.     Pop.  547. 

West  BrUns'wick,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1163. 

West  Buffalo,  township,  Union  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1046. 

West'burg,  a  township  or  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.  P.  593. 

Westburg,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo..  Miss. 

West  Burke,  burk,  a  post- village  in  Burke  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  16  miles  N. 
of  St.  Johnsbury.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

West  Bur'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Burlington 
township,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  about  12  miles 
W.  of  Towanda.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  896. 

Westbury,  wSst'b^r-e,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal 
borough  and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  N.W. 
side  of  Salisbury  Plain,  with  a  station  on  a  branch  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Trowbridge. 
Pop.  of  borough,  6396.  The  town  is  irregularly  built; 
chief  edifices,  a  town  hall,  a  church,  2  chapels  of  ease,  and 
a  national  school.  Westbury  returns  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Westbury,  wSst'b^r-e,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Victory  township,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  152. 

Westbury,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Queens  oo,,  N.Y., 


on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  22  miles  B.  of  Brooklyn.     It 
has  a  church. 

Westbury,  wfist'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.    Poj .  100. 

West  Bush,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  IJ  miles 
from  Gloversville.     It  has  a  church. 

West  But'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
42  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 

West  Butte,  bute  (formerly  Barbers),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Sutter  CO.,  Cal.,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Marysville.  It  ha* 
a  church. 

West  Bux'ton,  a  post-village  in  Buxton  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Saco  River,  20  miles 
W.  of  Portland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  lumbc 
and  sugar-boxes. 

West  Cairo,  ka'ro,  or  Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Allen 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Lima.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Cairo. 

West  Cal'der,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  the  traces 
of  a  Roman  camp. 

West  Cain,  kaln,  township,  Chester  co.,  Pa.    P.  1398. 

West  Cambridge,  kam'brij,  a  post-office  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.  of  Johnsonville. 

West  Cam'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in 
Camden  township,  4i  miles  N.  of  Rockland.,  It  has  a 
church. 

West  Camden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rome.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

West  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  about  40  miles  below  Albany,  and  1  mile 
from  Germantown  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Campbell,  kam'^l,  post-office,  Ionia  oo.,  Mich. 

West  Camp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
in  Campton  township,  7  or  8  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  bobbins  and  lumber. 

West  Canaan,  ka'n^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  oo., 
N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  56  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West  Canaan,  Madison  co.,  0.    See  Amity. 

West  Can'ada  Creek,  New  York,  drains  part  of 
Hamilton  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  through  Herkimer 
CO.  to  Trenton  Falls  (which  see).  It  finally  flows  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Mohawk  River  at  Herkimer. 

West  Can 'dor,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
West  Candor  Station  of  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Rail- 
road, which  is  23  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 

West  Cape,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  47  miles  from 
Summerside.     It  has  4  stores  and  several  mills.    Pop.  100. 

West  Cape  Howe,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany.     Lat.  35°  9'  S.;  Ion.  117°  40'  E. 

Westcapelle,  Belgium.    See  West  Kapelle. 

West  Carlisle,  kar'lir,  a  post-village  in  Pike  town- 
ship, Coshocton  CO.,  0.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Newark.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  175. 

West  Car'roll,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
bordering  on  Arkansas.  It  is  drained  oy  Bayous  Boeuf 
and  Macon.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  is  its  staple  product.  Capital, 
Floyd.     Pop.  in  1880,  2776 ;  in  1890,  3748. 

West  Car'rollton,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  in  Miami  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  8  or  9  miles 
below  Dayton,  is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton 
Railroad,  at  Carrollton  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  paper-mills,  and  2  cigar-factories.   Pop.  about  500. 

West  Carthage,  kar'thlj,  a  village  of  Jeflferson  eo., 
N.Y.,  in  Champion  township,  on  Black  River,  opposite 
Carthage,  and  i  mile  from  Carthage  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  butter-tubs.    P.  807. 

West  Cas'co,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  6  miles  N.  of  South  Haven. 

West  Ca8tleton,kas'89l-t9n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Castle- 
ton  township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Bomaseen  Lake,  about 
15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  manufactures  of 
slate  mantels,  writing-slates,  and  other  slate  goods. 

West  Ce'dar,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  oo.,  Kansas,  55 
miles  S.  of  Kearney,  Neb. 

West  Charleston,  charlz't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in 
Bethel  township,  2  miles  from  Tippecanoe,  and  12  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  130. 


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West  Charleston^  a  post-village  in  Charleston  town- 
ship, Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on  Clyde  River,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Newport,  and  about  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lumber,  starch,  Ac. 

West  Charlotte,  shar'lSt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Charlotte 
township,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Vermont  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Lake 
Champlain.     Here  is  a  church. 

West  Charl'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Chatham,  chat' am,  a  post-hamlet  in  Chatham 
township,  Barnstable  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  ocean,  5  miles  E. 
of  Harwich  Station,  and  about  52  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford. 

West  Chazy,  shaz'ee\  a  post-village  in  Chazy  town- 
ship, Clinton  co.,  N.T.,  on  the  Montreal  A  Plattsbnrg  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  to  Mooers,  10  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Cheha'lem,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Ore- 
gon. 

West  Chelms'ford,  a  post- village  in  Chelmsford  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lowell.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Chelsea,  chel'se,  Connecticut,  is  that  part  of 
Norwich  known  as  West  Side. 

West  Chenango,  she-nang'go,  a  post-oflSce  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y. 

West  Cheshire,  chSsh'ir,  a  post-village  in  Cheshire 
township,  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  & 
Northampton  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It 
contains  the  factories  of  the  Cheshire  Brass  Company  and 
the  Cheshire  Manufacturing  Company. 

West'chester,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  Connecticut,  has  an  area  of  about  463  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  on 
the  S.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Croton  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Bronx  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery.  The 
8oil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  milk,  butter, 
potatoes,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
farms.  Many  residents  of  New  York  city  have  fine  villas 
and  country-seats  in  this  county.  It  contains  the  city  of 
Yonkers  and  the  large  villages  of  Peekskill  and  Sing  Sing. 
In  1873  the  southern  part  of  this  county  was  annexed  to 
the  city  of  New  York.  This  annexed  district  comprised 
the  populous  townships  of  Morrisania,  West  Farms,  and 
Eingsbridge.  The  rocks  which  underlie  the  soil  are  mostly 
azoic  or  eozoic.  Here  are  several  quarries  of  marble  and 
dolomite  (magnesian  limestone).  Good  quicklime  is  pre- 
pared from  the  latter.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad,  and  the  New  York  A 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  White  Plains.  Pop.  in  1870, 
131,348;  in  1880,  103,988;  in  1890,  146,772. 

Westchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  tannery. 

Westchester,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  New  York 
Air-Line  Railroad.     See  North  Westchester,  Conn. 

Westchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.,  abont 
50  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Westchester,  township,  Porter  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1364. 

West  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Oskaloosa  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of 
Washington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Westchester,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  a  navigable  creek  of 
its  own  name,  and  on  the  New  York  A  New  Haven  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  hall  of  New  York.  It  has 
6  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Long 
Island  Sound,  and  contains  many  fine  residences.   P.  10,029. 

West  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  0.,  near  the  railroad  which  connects  Cincinnati  with 
Dayton,  i  of  a  mile  from  Chester  Station,  and  20  miles  N. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  chnrches.     Pop.  257. 

Westchester,  a  village  in  Perry  township,  Tusca- 
rawas 00.,  0.,  15  miles  S.  of  tThriohsville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  198. 

West  Chester,  county  seat  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  is  finely 
situated  in  a  rich,  rolling  country,  456  feet  above  tide-water 
at  Philadelphia,  from  which  it  is  27  miles  W.,  being  con- 
nected by  2  lines  of  railway.  It  contains  a  beautiful  court- 
house, adorned  with  six  Corinthian  columns,  11  churches, 
the  West  Chester  State  Normal  School,  which  occupies  a 
number  of  buildings,  and  is  among  the  best  equipped  edu- 


cational institutions  in  the  state,  3  national  banks,  2  other 
banks,  several  banking-houses,  a  cabinet  of  natural  sciences, 
2  theatres,  4  newspaper  oflSces  (2  dailies  with  a  circulation 
of  about  18,090),  a  convent,  foundry,  machine-shops,  2 
nurseries,  wheel-works,  hosiery-mill,  tag-factory,  cream- 
separator  works,  library,  ice  plant,  gas,  electric  light,  20 
miles  of  improved  streets,  street-railway,  and  is  noted  for 
its  schools  and  suburban  residences.     Pop.  in  1890,  8028. 

West  Chester,  township,  Chester  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2795. 

West  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Novs 
Scotia,  9  miles  from  Thomson.     Pop.  150. 

West  Ches'terfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Westfield  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  turbine 
water-wheels,  saw-handles,  Ac. 

West  Chesterfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  oo., 
N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  1  mile  from  Dummerston 
Station,  Vt.,  and  about  14  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Keene.  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 

West  Chester  Junction,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  Railroad, 
21i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

West  Claremont,  klair'mont,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clare- 
mont  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on  Sugar  River,  and  on 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Claremont  village. 

West  Clarks'Tille,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  BuflFalo. 

West  Cieve'land,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

West  Clifty,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grayson  oo., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad, 
64  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

West  Cocal'ico,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2140.     It  contains  Reinholdsville  and  Schoeneck. 

West  ColesTille,  kSlz'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Osborne  Hollow  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

West  Colnm'bia,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above  Gallipolis,  0.  It 
has  3  churches,  valuable  coal-mines,  salt  springs,  and  manu- 
factures of  salt.     Pop.  778. 

West  Concord,  kong'kprd,  a  post-village  of  Merri- 
mack CO.,  N.H.,  in  the  city  of  Concord,  on  the  Concord  A 
Claremont  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  flannel  (all  wool).  Granite 
is  quarried  here  extensively. 

West  Concord,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Moose  River  and  the  Portland  &  Og- 
densburg  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has 
valuable  water-power,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour, 
furniture,  Ac,  also  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  P.  377. 

West  ConesTille,  konz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Con^shohock'en,  a  station  and  borough  of 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Railroad  and  Schuyl- 
kill River,  13  J  miles  N.W.of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  an  iron-furnace.     Pop.  in  1890,  1666. 

West  Constable,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.  See  Westville. 

West  Co^pake',  a  post-hamlet  in  Copake  township, 
Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
a  church. 

West  Cor'inth,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Corinth  (local  pron.  ko-rinth'),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Corn'ville,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me., 
5i  miles  N.  of  Skowhegan. 

West  Corn'wall,  a  post- village  in  Cornwall  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Danbury.  It  has  1  or 
2  churches  and  a  blast-furnace. 

West  Cornwall,  a  post- village  in  Cornwall  township, 
Addison  co.,  Vt,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Middlebury.  It  has  a 
church. 

West'cott,  a  station  in  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Minneapolis. 

Westcott,  a  station  of  the  Bridgeton  A  Port  :^orrlB 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Bridgeton,  N.J. 

West  Covington,  Kentucky.     See  Economy. 

West  Covington,  kuv'ing-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tiog« 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 

West  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  abon* 
30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  1158. 


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I 


West  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Republic  oo.,  Kansas. 

West  Creekf  a  hamlet  in  Dennis  township,  Cape  May 
00.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.  of  Belle  Plain.     It  has  a  churcn. 

West  Creek,  or  Westecank,a  post- village  of  Ocean 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  and  on  the  Tucker- 
ton  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tuckerton.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  stores.  Cranberries  and  oysters  are 
exported  from  this  place. 

West  Creek,  a  station  in  Cameron  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Emporium. 

West  Cum'berland,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo.^ 
Me.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

West  Damas'cus,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Honesdale. 

West  Dan'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

West  Dan'vers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  (Dan vers  &  Newburyport 
division)  where  it  crosses  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston. 

West  Dan'ville,  Tennessee,  is  in  Benton  oo.,  opposite 
Danville. 

West  Danville,  a  post-village  in  Danville  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt',  on  the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

West  Darien,  di're-^n,  a  village  in  Darien  township, 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Norwalk,  and  i  mile  from  Noroton,  a  station  on  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

West  Dav'enport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  Charlotte  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Day,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
Huntsville,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  about  21  miles  N.W. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.     Here  is  a  church. 

West  Deca'tnr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch  Railroad,  about  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Clearfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-foundry. 

West  Dedham,  dSd'am,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dedham 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Dedham,  and 
13  or  14  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Deer,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.   P.  1299. 

West  Deer'field,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass. 

West  Deer'ing,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H. 

West  Deer  Isle,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is 
on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  called  Deer  Isle,  about  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Castine. 

West  Deer  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Babylon  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  36 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  brick -yard. 

West  Del'phi,  a  village  in  Deer  Creek  township,  Car- 
roll CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  253. 

West  Den'mark,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

West  Den'nis,  a  post-village  in  Dennis  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  1^  miles  from 
Dennis  Station,  and  about  48  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Depere,  de-peer',  a  post-village  of  Brown  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Fox  River,  opposite  Depere, 
and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  machine-shops,  2  blast-fumaoes, 
a  steam  forge,  agricultural  works,  Ac. 

West  Der'by,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  eo.,  Vt.,  on  the 
£.  shore  of  Memphremagog  Lake,  at  the  mouth  of  Clyde 
River,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  ohurch,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  fiour-mill. 

West  Dit'ton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  oo.,  Quebec, 
31i  miles  E.  of  Lennoxville.  Pop.  300.  Gold  has  been 
found  in  the  yicinity. 

West  Donegal,  don'e-gawl,  a  township  of  Lancaster 
00.,  Pa.    Pop.  1136. 

West  Do'ver,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Bennington.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  chair-faotorj'. 

West  Dres'den,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Kenneoeo  River,  17  miles  8.  of  Augusta. 

West  Dry'den,  a  station  of  the  Utioa,  Ithaca  A  El- 
mira  Railroad  (Scipio  division),  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Freeville. 

West  Dryden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  West  Dryden  Station,  and  about  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Dub'lin,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa. 

West  Dnb'lin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic,  17  miles  from  Bridgewater.  P.  130. 

We^t  Dud'ley,  a  post-hamlet   in   Dudley  township. 


Worcester  co.,  Mass^  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad  (Southbridge  Branch),  3^  miles  S.E.  of  South- 
bridge.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

West  Dnm'merston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  on  West  River,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Durham,  dilr'^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me.,  24  miles  N.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Durham,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Dur- 
ham township,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Catskill.  It  has  a 
ohurch. 

West  Dnxbury,  dfix'b^r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  35  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

West  £arl,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Beading,  is  drained  by  Conestoga  Creek. 
Pop.  1893.     It  contains  Earlville  and  Farmersville. 

West  £aton,  e't9n,  or  Lee'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Eaton  township,  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  about  40  houses,  a  cotton- 
mill,  and  2  or  3  woollen-mills.     Pop.  460. 

West  £au  Claire,  o'klair',  a  township  of  Eau  Claire 
CO.,  AVis.     Pop.  2462. 

West  £con'omy,  a  station  in  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg  A  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Westecunk,  New  Jersey.    See  West  Creek. 

West  E'den,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eden  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.,  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  about  24  miles  E. 
of  Castine. 

West  Ed'meston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Unadilla  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Utioa.  It  haa 
a  church  and  30  dwellings. 

West  Eliz'abeth,  a  station  in  Union  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  1  mile  W.  of  Elizabeth. 

West  Elizabeth,  a  post-borough  in  Jefferson  town- 
ship, Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  River,  opposite  Elizabeth,  and  20  miles  from  Pittsburg 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston  Railroad.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

West  Eik'ton,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in 
Gratis  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  300. 

West  Ellsworth,  glz'wprth,  a  post-office  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  7  miles  W.  of  Ellsworth. 

West  E'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Mo.,  aboat  12 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Emb'den,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  oo.,  Mc,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Skowhegan. 

West  End,  a  post-office  of  Alameda  oo.,  Cal. 

West  End,  a  post-village  in  Springwells  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  3  or 
4  miles  W.  of  Detroit. 

West  End,  a  station  of  the  Montclair  A  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

West  End,  a  station  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Newark  A 
Hudson  Branch),  2  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

West  End,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  oo.,  NJ.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

West  End,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about  J4 
miles  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

West  End,  Santa  Cruz.    See  Fredekickbted. 

West  En'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  in 
Enfield  township,  about  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Englewood,  eng'gh^l-wood,  a  station  of  the 
Jersey  City  A  Albany  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City, 
N.J. 

Westenholz,  ^fis't^n-hilts^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  government  of  Minden,  circle  of  Paderborn. 
Pop.  of  commune,  1700. 

West  E'nosburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Vt., 
2i  miles  from  Enoaburg  Falls  Station,  and  about  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Burlington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Ep'ping,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo., 
N.H.,  on  the  Lamprey  River  and  the  Concord  A  Portsmouth 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a  ohurch,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wester&s,  wfls't?r-os\  written  also  VesterAs,  a  town 
of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  Isen  of  Westmanland,  60  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  5795.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  an  ancient  castle,  and  a  town  hall. 
Its  college,  the  most  ancient  in  Sweden,  has  a  library  of 
11,000  volumes  and  a  botanic  garden.  It  has  also  ex- 
tensive ship-building  docks,  and  is  an  entrepAt  for  iron, 
copper,  brass,  vitriol,  Ac.,  sent  to  Stockholm.  It  has  an 
important  annual  fair  on  the  16th  of  September. 

Westerbotten,  wis't?r-b5tH?n,  a  laen  or  province  ot 
Sweden,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  21,942  square  miles 


WES 


2798 


WES 


Surface  mountainoos  in  the  W.  and  centre,  and  flat  in  the 
E.  It  contains  the  Skellefte&  and  Ume&  Rivers,  also  Lake 
Horn-Afvan  and  Stor-Afvan,  and  numerous  smaller  lakes 
and  rivers.     Capital,  Ume4.     Pop.  101,449. 

Westerburgy  ♦is't^r-bSSRO^  a  village  of  Germany, 
Nassau,  capital  of  a  lordship  of  the  Counts  of  Leiningen- 
Westerburg,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hadamar.  Pop.  1418.  It 
has  a  castle,  several  tanneries,  and  large  coal-mines. 

Wes'ter  Cappeln,  a  village  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
government  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Miinster. 

West'erham,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Kent,  19i  miles  W.  of  Maidstone,  on  the  Darent. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2283.  The  town  has  a  handsome  church, 
in  which  is  a  monument  to  General  Wolfe,  who  was  born 
here,  and  whose  victory  at  Quebec  is  commemorated  by  a 
pillar  in  this  parish, 

We8terhausen,^fis't§r-h6w^z§n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Quedlinburg.     Pop.  2190. 

VVesterheim,  ^5s't§r-hime\  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Danube,  on  the  Kauhe-AIp  Mountains,  near  Geis- 
lingen.     Pop.  1097. 

West'erlo,  or  West'erloo,  a  post-township  of  Al- 
bany CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2317.  Westerlo  Post-Office  is  at  Ches- 
terville,  besides  which  the  township  contains  South  Westerlo. 

Westerloo,  wfls't^r-lo^  a  village  of  Belgium,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Great  NSthe.     Pop.  2667. 

Wes'terly,  a  post-village  in  Westerly  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Pawcatuck  River  and  the  Stoning- 
ton  &  Providence  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington,  and 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  Small  vessels  can  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  superior  hotel  which  cost  $300,000,  4  national 
banks,  3  savings-banks,  a  newspaper  office,  gas-works,  and 
a  public  library.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  flannel 
and  cotton  goods,  and  quarries  of  excellent  granite  which 
is  capable  of  receiving  a  high  polish.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic.  The  granite-quarries 
employ  from  600  to  1000  men.  Some  of  the  finest  build- 
ings of  Providence,  Hartford,  and  New  Haven  have  been 
built  of  this  granite.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  6813. 

West'ern,  a  township  of  Henry  oo..  111.     Pop.  1372. 

Western,  a  station  in  Henry  co..  111.,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Orion. 

Western,  post-township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  132. 

Western,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  Turkey 
Creek,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Western,  a  township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2423. 
It  contains  Westernville. 

Western  Australia  (formerly  Swan  River  Set- 
tlement), a  British  colony  defined  by  her  Majesty's  com- 
missioners as  including  that  portion  of  the  Australian  con- 
tinent situated  to  the  W.  of  the  129th  meridian  and 
bounded  on  the  other  three  sides  by  the  Indian  Ocean.  Its 
greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  1500  miles ;  breadth,  about 
1000  miles.  Estimated  area,  1,060,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1881, 29,708 ;  in  1891, 49,782.  Only  a  small  portion  of  this 
vast  territory  is  inhabited.  The  native  population  in  the 
settled  district  is  estimated  at  about  1500.  This  is  the  oldest 
of  the  British  Australian  colonies,  having  been  formed  in 
1829.  Three  parallel  mountain-ranges  traverse  the  colony 
from  S.  to  N.,  rising  in  height  from  the  coast  inland. 
Elevation  of  Tulbanop,  the  culminating  point,  5000  feet. 
Granitic  rocks,  with  claystone  and  limestone,  prevail.  Co- 
lumnar basalt  is  met  with  around  G6ographe  Bay  and  other 
localities.  From  this  point  to  Shark  Bay  a  band  of  coal 
runs  for  about  600  miles.  In  the  parts  hitherto  explored, 
auriferous  rooks,  and  indeed  all  the  older  palaeozoic  strata, 
in  which  alone  these  usually  occur,  seem  entirely  absent. 
The  soil  is  light  and  dry,  both  on  the  coast  and  in  the  in- 
terior ;  but  in  the  middle  of  the  colony  are  bands  of  more 
fertile  land,  suited  for  the  culture  of  the  vine,  olive,  and 
fig,  and  where  sandal -wood  and  other  trees  grow  abundantly. 
The  principal  stream  is  the  Swan  River,  with  its  tributaries, 
and  in  the  interior  are  several  salt  lakes  and  pools, 
but  the  colony  is  in  general  not  well  watered.  The  climate 
is  arid,  but  comparatively  healthy.  Mean  annual  temper- 
ature at  Perth  (in  32°  S.  lat.),  56°;  winter,  54° ;  summer, 
72°  Pahr.  Iron  is  abundant,  and  some  good  lead  ore 
and  ores  of  mercury  and  zinc  are  found.  The  principal 
timber  trees  of  the  colony  are  of  the  eucalyptus  or  myrtle 
family ;  of  these  the  jarrah  and  tewart  are  valuable  for  ship- 
building, the  former  being  remarkable  for  its  resistance  to 
decay,  whether  from  time,  weather,  water,  the  white  ant,  or 
the  teredo.  The  sandal-wood  also  forms  a  valuable  article  of 
export.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  Britain,  with  occasional 
imports  from  Mauritius,  India,  and  China.  The  principal  ex- 
Dorts  are  wool,  copper,  sandal-wood,  pearl  shells,  &c.,  to  the 


value  of  £365,000 ;  imports,  apparel,  beer  and  ale,  iron, 
spirits,  cottons,  wooUens,  Ac,  to  the  value  of  £430,000 ;  rev- 
enue and  expenditure  are  about  £150,000  each;  debt  is 
£135,000.  The  colony  is  ruled  by  a  governor  and  council,  and 
has  32  counties  or  districts.  Chief  towns,  Perth,  Freemantle, 
and  Albany.  After  the  cessation  of  transportation  to  Tasma- 
nia, this  colony  was,  by  consent  of  the  more  prominent  colo- 
nists, made  a  penal  settlement,  a  circumstance  that  gave  a 
decided  impetus  to  its  commerce  and  population. 

Western  Bay,  a  large  fishing-hamlet  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  Carbo 
near.     Pop.  895. 

Western  College,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa, 
in  College  township,  8  or  9  miles  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and 
Western  College  (United  Brethren).     Pop.  about  400. 

Western  Head,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
at  the  entrance  to  Liverpool  Bay,  4  miles  from  Liverpool 
Pop.  150. 

Western  Islands.     See  Azores,  and  Hebrides. 

Western  Narra.    See  Arrdl  and  Narra. 

Westernorrland,  Sweden.    See  Hernosand. 

Western  Park,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

West'ern-Port,  an  inlet  of  the  S.  coast  of  Australia, 
Victoria,  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  inlet  of  Port  Phillip,  and 
separated  from  it  by  the  peninsula  of  Arthur's  Seat.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  20  miles  each,  but  it  is  nearly  filled  up 
by  French  and  Grant  Islands,  and  only  the  entrance  on  their 
W.  side  is  adapted  for  large  vessels. 

West'ern  Port,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  which  separates 
it  from  Piedmont,  W.  Va.,  and  on  the  Cumberland  &  Penn- 
sylvania and  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroads,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Cumberland.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  gunsmith's  shop,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1526. 

Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio.    See  Hudson. 

Western  Sarato'ga,  a  post- village  of  Union  co..  111., 
about  36  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  mineral  spring,  which 
is  said  to  be  valuable,  a  church,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Western  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township, 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  female  seminary,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Western  Star,  a  post-office  of  Summit  oo.,  0.,  aboat 
36  miles  S.  of  Cleveland. 

Western  Union,  a  post-office  of  Racine  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Western  Union  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

West'ernville,  a  post-village  in  Western  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River  and  the  Black 
River  Canal,  8  miles  from  Rome,  and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Utica.    It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  235. 

Wester  Schelling,  wSs't^r  sKjl'ling,  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  island  of  Terschelling.  It  has 
a  good  harbor. 

Westervik,  wfis'tfr-vik\  sometimes  written  Tester- 
vik,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  75  miles  N.  of  Kalmar,  on 
a  deep  inlet  of  the  Baltic,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats. 
Pop.  5756.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  safe  and  convenient 
harbor,  ship-building  docks,  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics, 
and  a  trade  in  iron,  wooden-wares,  tar,  and  pitch. 

West'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Osceola. 

Westerville,  Franklin  co.,  0.    See  Flint. 

Westerville,  a  post-village  in  Blendon  township, 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Co- 
lumbus Railroad,  12i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill,  and  is  the  seat  of  Otterbein  University, 
which  was  organized  in  1849  under  the  direction  of  the 
United  Brethren.     Pop.  in  1890,  1329. 

Westerwald,  ♦fis't^r-^ilt^  a  hill-ohain  of  West  Ger- 
many, forming  the  boundary  between  Westphalia  and  Nas- 
sau, stretches  N.E.  from  Coblentz  for  about  70  miles.  Its 
principal  summit,  the  Salzburgerkopf,  is  2847  feet  in  eleva- 
tion.    The  mountains  are  well  wooded. 

West  Ei'eter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Exeter  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Fair'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  oo.. 
Pa.,  in  Fairfield  township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Johnstown. 
It  has  3  churches. 

West  Fair'lee,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
West  Fairlee  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 


WES 


2799 


WES 


West  Fair'view,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  Kiver  and  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  above  Harrisbarg.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  the  Harrisburg  Iron 
and  Nail  Works.     Pop.  about  1100. 

West'fail,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  980. 

West  Fal'Iowfield,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1159. 

West  Fallowfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa. 
op.  503. 

West  Falls,  a  post-ofSoe  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

West  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Aurora 
township,  6  miles  from  East  Aurora,  and  about  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

West  Falls,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Beading 
Railroad,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

West  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marlin.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Falmouth,  f&l'milth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fal- 
mouth township,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  about  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
2  churches. 

West  Falmouth,  a  post-village  in  Falmouth  town- 
ship, Barnstable  Co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Buzzard's 
Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  64  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a 
graded  school  and  2  churches. 

West  Farm'ingdale,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  oo., 
Me.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta. 

West  Farm'ington,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.. 
Me.,  in  Farmingtoa  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, 1  mile  S.W.  of  Farmington. 

West  Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Cianandaigua.     Here  are  3  churches. 

West  Farmington,  a  post-village  in  Farmington 
township,  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Painesville  <&  Youngs- 
town  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Warren.  It  contains  the 
Western  Reserve  Seminary,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory 
of  furniture.     Pop.  about  250. 

West  Farms,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northampton  town- 
ship, Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles  from  Florence  Station, 
and  5  miles  from  Northampton.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Farms,  a  station  of  the  New  York  &  New  Haven 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E,  of  New  York. 

West  Farms,  a  former  post-village  of  Westchester  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  Bronx  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
Hartford  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Grand  Central 
Depot  of  New  York.  West  Farms  was  annexed  to  New 
York  city  in  1873,  and  the  post-office  is  now  a  branch  of 
the  New  York  post-office. 

West  Farn'ham,  or  Saint  Rom'uald  de  Fam- 
ham,  a  post- village  in  Missisquoi  oo.,  Quebec,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  <fc  Chambly,  Southeast- 
ern &  Montreal,  and  Chambly  &  Sorel  Railways,  41  miles 
S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  3  churches,  several  hotels,  4 
saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  3  brick-fields,  and  16  manufactories 
of  various  kinds.     Pop.  1600. 

West  Fayette,  fa-yett',  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co., 
N.Y.,  1  mile  from  West  Fayette  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ge- 
neva.    It  has  tile-works. 

West  Feliciana,  fe-lis-se-ah'na,  a  parish  of  Louisi- 
ana, bordering  on  the  state  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of 
about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bayou  Sara.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  cypress,  ash,  hickory,  honey-locust,  oak,  tupelo,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  and 
Indian  com  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Yazoo  A  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Bayou  Sara. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,499;  in  1880,  12,809  ;  in  1890,  15,062. 

West'field,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.     Pop.  1396. 

Westfleld,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Clark 
CO.,  111.,  6  miles  S.  of  Ashmore,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Paris,  and  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  the  West- 
field  College,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  about  700  ;  of  the 
township,  1166. 

Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Noblesville,  and  about  21 
miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
a.  woollen-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  2  carriage-shops. 
Pop.  608. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  1708. 

Westfield,  a  poat-offioe  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 


Sioux  River  and  the  Sioux  City  Sq  Pembina  Railroad,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sioux  City. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  in  Westfield  Plantation,  Aroos- 
took CO.,  Me.,  33  miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

Westfield,  a  post-town  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Springfield,  and  15  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Northampton.  It  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
valley,  and  contains  9  churches,  the  Westfield  State  Normal 
School,  a  high  school,  2  hotels,  2  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
whips  and  cigars,  paper,  steam  heaters,  paper  baskets,  ma- 
chinery, and  numerous  other  articles.  Its  water-works  cost 
$250,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  9805. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  430. 

Westfield,  a  hamlet  in  Cinnaminson  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N. J.,  1  mile  from  Riverton,  and  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Camden.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  about  25  houses. 

Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Union 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  7  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Elizabeth,  and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  York 
City.  It  has  several  churches,  an  academy,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  &o.  Pop.  of 
township,  2753. 

Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Chautauqua  Creek,  1  mile  from  Lake 
Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Dunkirk,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  Pa., 
and  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  May  ville.  It  contains  6  churches, 
the  Westfield  Academy  and  Union  School,  a  national  bank, 

I  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  several  flouring-mills,  a 
paper-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  mowers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1924;  in  1890,  1983;  of  the  township,  3401. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
4905.     It  contains  Tottenville. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  38  miles  N. 
of  Winston. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  800. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.    Pop.  1023. 

Westfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westfield  township.  Mor- 
row CO.,  0.,  on  the  Olentangy  River,  near  the  railroad  which 
connects  Delaware  with  Gallon,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Delaware.   It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1322. 

Westfield,  a  post-borough  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Cowanesque  Creek,  about  58  miles  N.  of 
Lock  Haven,  and  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1128. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Houston. 

Westfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  Yt.,  in  West- 
field  township,  about  37  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Albans.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Missisquoi  River.  Pop. 
of  township,  721. 

Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Mar- 
quette CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Montello  River,  25i  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  642. 

Westfield,  a  village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  in  Westfield 
township,  8  miles  S.  of  Reedsburg  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  wagon-shop.  Here  is  Loganville  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1320. 

West'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kings  oo..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 6  miles  from  Westfield  Station.     Pop.  200. 

Westfield,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  30 
miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  100. 

Westfield,  a  hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Goderich. 

Westfield  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  oo.,  Minn., 

II  miles  S.  of  Dodge  Centre. 

Westfield  Flats,  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Rocklamd. 

Westfield  Plantation,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co., 
Me.     Pop.  76. 

Westneid  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Berkshire 
CO.,  and  runs  nearly  southward  through  Hampshire  co.  It 
finally  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut 
River  1  or  2  miles  below  Springfield.  It  has  two  small 
affluents,  called  the  Middle  and  West  Branches,  which  ran 
southeastward,  and  enter  Westfield  River  in  Hampshire  co. 

Westfield  Station,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railway, 
15  miles  from  St.  John. 


WES 


2800 


WES 


West  Fin'ley,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  about  42  miles  S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.     Pop.  1471. 

West  Fitch'burg,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Fitohburg  township,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massa- 
chusetts Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Fitohburg. 

West  Flamborough)  flam'bilr-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  3^  miles  from  Dundas.  It  contains 
a  woollen-mill,  2  paper-mills,  and  several  stores.    Pop.  300. 

West  Flan'aerS)  aprovince  of  Belgium,  bounded  N. 
by  the  North  Sea,  and  W.  and  S.  by  France.  Area,  1249 
square  miles.  Its  surface  is  flat,  belonging  mostly  to  the 
Scheldt  basin,  but  along  the  coast  there  is  a  range  of  low, 
sandy  hills.  The  soil  is  well  cultivated,  though  not  as 
productive  as  East  Flanders.  Capital,  Bruges.  Pop.  684,468. 

West  Florence,  Preble  co.,  0.     See  Florence. 

West'ford,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Ashford  township,  30  miles  B.N.B.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  spoke-factory.  Gold  is 
said  to  be  found  here. 

Westford,  a  post-village  in  Westford  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  about  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lowell,  with  a 
station  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad  and  on  the  Nashua, 
Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has 
3  churches  and  an  academy.  It  is  on  a  hill  which  com- 
mands a  beautiful  view.  The  township  contains  Qranite- 
ville,  and  has  a  granite-quarry  and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  2250. 

Westford,  a  post-village  in  Westford  township,  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  65  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Cooperstown.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1256. 

Westford,  a  post-village  in  Westford  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Vt.,  on  Brown's  River,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Burlington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1237. 

Westford,  a  post-township  forming  the  most  north- 
eastern part  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of 
Madison.     Pop.  1004. 

West  ForK,  a  post-ofllce  of  Washington  oo.,  Ark.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Fayetteville. 

West  Fork,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.    See  Marietta. 

West  Fork,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  345. 

West  Fork,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     P.  89. 

West  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  at  Qlen- 
burnie  Mills,  62  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

West  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.,  27 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

West  Fork  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

West  Fork  of  Big  Blue.  See  Big  Bl.uk.  The  west 
fork  or  branch  of  a  river  is  often  noticed  under  the  name 
of  the  main  stream. 

West  Fork  of  Ivy,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  746. 

West  Forks  Plantation,  a  township  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  73. 

West  Fort  Ann,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Sandy  Hill.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  and  several  lumber-mills. 

West  Foxborough,  fox'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston. 

West  Frank'liu,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marr's  township, 
Posey  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  24  miles  below  Evans- 
ville.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Franklin,  a  township  of  Armstrong  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1098. 

West  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
on  Towanda  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

West  Free'dom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in 
Perry  township,  3  miles  from  Parker  City,  and  about  24 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

West  Free'hold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  2  miles  from  Freehold,  and  about  26  miles  E.  of 
Trenton.     Pop.  150. 

West  Free'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me., 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Friend'ship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Friesland,  frees'l&nt,  a  former  district  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland,  being  the  sea- 
board of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  N.  of  Edam.  It  comprehended 
the  towns  of  Enkhuysen,  Hoorn,  and  Medemblik. 

West  Fulton,  fSSl'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Gale'na,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.     P.  6837. 

West  Galloway,  a  county  of  Scotland.   See  Wigtown. 

West  Galway,  gawl'way,  a  post-village  of  New  York, 
on  the  W.  border  of  Galway  township,  Saratoga  co.,  and 


partly  in  Fulton  co.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.     It  ha* 
3  churches. 

West  Gar'diner,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Gardiner 
township,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta. 

West  Gar'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Garland  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  machine-shop. 

West  Georgia,  j5r'je-a,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Albans. 

West  Ghent,  a  hamlet  in  Ghent  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Ghent  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Gilboa,  ghiPbo'a,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  eo., 
N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Cooperstown. 

West  Glens  Falls,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of 
Glens  Falls,  and  is  i  mile  from  Glens  Falls  Station. 

West  Glen'ville,  a  village  in  Glenville  township, 
Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Hoffman's  Ferry  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches. 

West  Gloucester,  glSs't^r,  a  post-office  and  Shaker 
village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Lewiston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Gloucester,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  town- 
ship, Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  4  miles  W.  of  Gloucester,  and  2  miles 
from  West  Gloucester  Station,  which  is  on  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  13^  miles  N.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Gloucester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence. 

West  Glover,  gliiv'^r,  a  post-hamlet  in  Glover  town- 
ship, Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Barton,  and  about 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

West  Gore,  a  post-village  in  Hants  oo.,  Nora  Sootia, 
17  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  100. 

West  Gorham,  g5'r%m,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gorham 
township,  Cumberland  oo..  Me.,  12  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

West  Go'shen,  a  post-village  in  Goshen  township,. 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Waterbury. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  knitting, 
cotton,  and  lumber. 

West  Goshen,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.    P.  944, 

West  Goulds'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Frenchman's  Bay,  about  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

West  Gran'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford. 

West  Gran'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granville  town- 
ship, Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

West  Granville,  a  station  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  oa 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

West  Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  oo.. 
Wis.,  in  Granville  township,  11  or  12  miles  N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukee. 

West  Granville  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gran 
ville  township,  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  6  miles  S.  of 
Whitehall.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Gray,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo..  Me.,  in 
Gray  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Gray  Station.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  sleighs,  shooks,  &o. 

West  Great  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  European  <t  North 
American  Railroad,  12  miles  above  Bangor. 

West  Greece,  apost-hamlet  in  Greece  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  about  30  houses. 

West  Greene,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ala. 

West  Greene,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Erie. 

West  Green'field,  a  small  hamlet  of  Saratoga  oo., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs. 

West  Green  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Green  Lake  oo.. 
Wis.,  about  27  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

West  Greenville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Greenville. 

West  Green'wich  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Providence. 

West  Green'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Groton,  graw'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Groton  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Squannacook  River,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  A  Nashua  Railroad,  about 
11  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Fitohburg.  It  has  a  paper-mill  and 
a  leather-board-mill. 

West  Groton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Groton  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ithaca.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Grove  township, 
Davis  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.  of  Bloomfield.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop, 


WES 


2801 


WES 


109  ;  of  the  township,  1039.  West  Grove  is  also  a  station 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad  (North- 
ern division),  28i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

West  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  nursery  of 
roses,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West 
Grove. 

West  Hal'ifax,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bennington. 

West  Hal'lock,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  W.  border  of 
Hallock  township,  Peoria  oo..  111.,  about  16  miles  N.  of 
Peoria.     It  has  a  church. 

Westham,  or  Ham,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Surrey, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.     Pop.  1259. 

West  Ham'burg,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  at  Hamburg  Station. 

West  Ham'ilton,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati,  Ham- 
ilton <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

West'ham  Locks,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

West  Hamp'den,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hampden  town- 
ship, Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  a  church. 

West  Hamp'stead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Manchester,  and  i  mile 
from  Hampstead  Station. 

West  Hamp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Hampton 
township,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  566. 

West  Hampton,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town- 
ship, SuflFolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  76 
miles  E.  of  New  York,  1  mile  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
8  miles  S.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  a  carriage-factory,  several 
large  summer  boarding-houses,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  439. 

Westhampton,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

West  Han'over,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hanover  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  manufactures  of  anchors  and  boots  and  shoes. 

West  Hanover,  a  post-office  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

West  Har'peth,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

West  Harps'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Me.,  on  an  island  or  peninsula  in  Casco  Bay,  about  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Portland. 

West  Har'rington,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  5  miles  from  Millbridge. 

West  Hart'ford,  a  post-village  in  West  Hartford 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  4  or  5  miles  W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  high  school.  The  township  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1930. 

West  Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  in 
Jasper  township,  12  miles  from  Yandalia. 

West  Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
White  River,  and  on  the  Central  division  of  the  Vermont 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  White  River  Junction. 

West  Hart'Iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford. 

West  Hartlepool,  England.    See  Hartlepool. 

West  Har'wich,  a  post-village  in  Harwich  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  nearly  1  mile  from  the  ocean,  1^ 
miles  S.  of  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  and  84  miles  S.E.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Ha'ven,  a  post-borough  in  Orange  township. 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York,  New  Hav  en  <fc 
Hartford  Railroad,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  1 
mile  from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Oak 
Hill  Seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
buckles,  keys,  and  matches.    Pop.  about  2500. 

West  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  about  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  furniture. 

West  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  713.  The 
West  Haven  post-office  is  about  20  miles  W.  of  Rutland. 

West  Haw'ley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hawley  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Greenfield.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

West  Hay'den,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

West  He'bron,  a  post-village  in  Hebron  township, 
Waahington  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  union 
free  school,  3  churches,  a  cheese-factf.ry,  a  pump-factory, 
a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

West'heimer,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 


West  Hem'lock,  township,  Montour  co.,  Pa.  P.  390. 

West  Hemp'field,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  3688.     It  contains  Mountville  and  Silver  Spring. 

West  Hen'nepin,  a  village  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  River,  opposite  Hennepin. 

West  Hen'niker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  on  Contoocook  River  and  the  Concord  A  Claremont 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

West  Hen^riet'ta,  a  post-village  in  Henrietta  town- 
ship, Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  furnace,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  carriages. 

West  Hick'ory,  a  post-office  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River  and  the  Oil  Creek  A  Alleghany  River 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Tionesta. 

West  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

West  Hingham,  hing'^m,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

West  Hobo'ken,  a  post-village  in  West  Hoboken 
township,  Hudson  co.,  N.  J.,  near  the  Hudson  River,  about 
2  miles  W.  of  New  York.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  rustic  work,  and  feath- 
ers. Pop.  of  the  township,  5441.  It  is  contiguous  to  the 
N.W.  part  of  Hoboken,  and  is  1^  miles  from  Hoboken  Rail- 
road Station.  It  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river  and 
several  cities. 

Westhofen,  ♦est^ho'fjn,  a  market-town  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  province  of  Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Seebach,  20 
miles  S.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1657. 

Westhofen,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian 
Westphalia,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dortmund,  on  the  Ruhr. 
Pop.  1437. 

Westhofen  (Fr.  pron.  vist^o^fftijo'),  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Alsace,  14  miles  W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  1877, 
engaged  in  woollen-weaving. 

West  Hoo'sic,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hoosio  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  hai 
a  church. 

West 'hope,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  0. 

West  Hop'kinton,  a  post-office  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Concord  A  Claremont  Railroad,  15  miles  W. 
of  Concord. 

West  Hnnt'ley,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  oo.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  from  Almonte.     Pop.  100. 

West  Hnr'ley,  a  post-village  in  Hurley  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Rondout,  and  5  miles  from  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  quarry 
of  bluestone. 

West  I n^depen'dence,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  oo., 
0.,  about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  steam  saw-mill. 

West  In'dian  Plantation,  a  township  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  13. 

West  Indies,  wdst  in'd^z,  Antilles,  inHeel',  or  Co* 
lum'bian  Archipel'ago  {L.Antil'lte,In'dim  Oceidenta'- 
le» ;  Fr.  Ilea  Antilles,  eel  z6N»HeeI' ;  Sp.  Antillas,  in-teel'- 
yis ;  Ger.  Antilleii,  in-til'l^n.  West  Indien,  ♦fist  in'de-f n ; 
Dutch,  West  Indien,  wfist  in'de-^n),  an  extensive  system  of 
islands  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  stretching  from  the  N.W.  of 
Cape  Florida,  in  North  America,  to  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  South  America,  and  comprised  between  lat 
10°  and  27°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  59°  and  85°  W.;  having  N 
and  E.  the  Atlantic,  and  S.  the  Caribbean  Sea,  which  sepa- 
rates them  from  Central  and  South  America.  They  are 
mostly  disposed  in  three  distinct  groups,  of  which  the  N.V7. 
group.  Leeward  Islands  or  Greater  Antilles,  contains  the 
larger  islands,  comprising  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Hayti,  and  Porto 
Rico.  Another  group,  the  Lesser  Antilles,  or  Windward 
Islands,  extends  in  a  semicircular  form  from  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Porto  Rico  S.  to  the  Gulf  of  Paria ; 
and  the  smaller  group,  stretching  from  E.  to  W.  along  the 
coast  of  Venezuela,  are  the  Leeward  Islands  of  the  Span- 
iards. North  of  Cuba  and  Hayti  is  the  group  of  the  Ba- 
hamas. Many  of  the  islands  are  of  volcanic  origin,  and 
the  climate  of  the  whole  is  tropical,  but  modified  by  the 
surrounding  ocean  and  the  elevated  surface  of  many  of  th« 
islands.  The  exports  are  sugar,  cotton,  spirits,  cacao, 
coffee,  logwood,  pimento,  guano,  ginger,  sponge,  arrowroot, 
Ac.  The  principal  imports  are  cottons,  apparel,  arms, 
leather,  woollens,  iron,  linen,  drugs,  soap  and  candles, 
casks,  hardwares,  rice,  beer  and  ale,  wine,  Ac.  Columbus 
landed  on  Watling  Island,  Bahama  group,  in  October,  1492 ; 
and  the  archipelago,  under  the  erroneous  impression,  at  the 
time  of  the  discovery,  that  it  formed  part  of  Asia,  wat 
called  the  West  Indies. 


WES 


2802 


WES 


The  following  table  shows  by  whom  the  islands  were  first 
•coupied,  the  date  of  occupation,  and  the  countries  to  which 
they  now  belong  : 


Belong  to 


teraat  Britain. 


Spain., 


France.. ^ 


Denmark 


Netherlan  *B . 


VeneEuela 

Independent.. 


Islands. 


'Jamaica 

Caymans 

Bahamas 

Virgin  Islands 

Trinidad 

Tobago.... 

Grenada 

Grenadines 

St.  Vincent 

Barbadoes 

St.  Lucia. „ 

Dominica. 

Antigua 

Montserrat 

Barbuda 

Nevis  and  Bedonda. 

St.  Christopher 

.  Anguilla 

j  Cuba  and  Isle  of  Pines... 

Porto  Eico 

Martinique 

Guadeloupe 

Desirade 

Marie  Galante 

St.  Bartholomew 

Les  Saintes 

St.  Thomas 

St.  John 

Santa  Cruz „ 

"St.  Martin 

St.  Eustatius 

Saba „ 

Cnra^ao 

Aruba 

Buen  Ayre 

'Margarita,  Tortuga,  Her 
manos 

Haytl 


First  occupied 
by 


Spaniards  in 

English  in..... 

Dutch  in 

Spaniards  in., 

Dutch  in 

French  in 

French  in 

English  in 

French  in 

English  in 


Spaniards  in., 
French  in. 


Danes  in.. 


Dutch  in. 

Spaniards  in.. 


French  In. 

Spaniards  in.. 


Teat. 


1510 


1629 
164S 
1636 
1632 
1650 

1719 
1624 
1639 
1610 
1632 
1632 
1632 
1632 
1625 
1640 
1511 
1609 
1636 
1636 
1636 
1635 
1636 

1671 
1717 
1643 
1643 
1643 
1643 
1643 


1635 
1493 


Total  area  of  the  archipelago,  94,393  square  miles.  Pop. 
5,842,800.  The  Bermudas  are  not  properly  West  India 
islands,  although  they  were  officially  considered  as  such 
till  1834.  The  history  of  the  West  India  islands,  "from 
the  period  of  their  discovery  in  1492  till  1816,  presents  little 
more  than  a  melancholy  series  of  calamities  and  crimes. 
The  islands  have  been  laid  waste  by  hurricanes,  and  visited 
by  pestilence ;  but  the  sufferings  which  have  arisen  from 
natural  causes  are  few  and  trifling  in  comparison  with 
those  which  moral  and  political  circumstances  have  pro- 
duced." Among  these  may  be  classed  the  annihilation  of 
the  Indians,  the  introduction  of  slavery,  the  atrocities  of 
the  Buccaneers,  and  international  wars.  (Particular  de- 
scriptions are  given  under  the  heads  of  the  various  islands). 
Slavery  was  abolished  in  the  Dutch  West  Indies,  July  1, 
1863. Adj.  and  inhab.  West  In'dian. 

West  Irving,  Iowa.    See  Irving. 

West  Isles,  a  group  of  islands  belonging  to  New 
Brunswick,  Charlotte  oo.,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  near  East- 
port,  Me.  They  are  noted  for  their  fisheries,  which  in  1850 
employed  691  men. 

West  Italy,  it'^-le,  a  post-office  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Jefferson,  Madison  co.,  0.    See  Jefferson. 

West  Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  6^  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  a  store 
and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Jersey,  j^r'ze,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Jersey 
township.  Stark  co..  111.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100  ;  of  township,  1315. 

West  Jor'dan,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah, 
about  11  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  several  general  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

West  Jnnc'tion,  a  station  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Northern  Central,  in  the  village  of 
Horseheads,  N.Y. 

West  Junius,  jUn'yus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  general 
stores  and  a  pop.  of  about  30. 

West  Kane,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoKean  co..  Pa.,  about 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Kane. 

West  Kapelle,wastka,-p4ri9h,  or  West  Kapellen, 
wist  k4-pSl'len,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Zealand,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Middelburg,  on  the  most  W. 
point  of  the  island  of  Walcheren.     Pop.  2077. 

West  Kapellen,  -^^Sst  k^-pdl'I^n,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
In  West  Flanders,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1500. 


West  Ken'dall,  a  post-village  in  Kendall  township, 
Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles  from  Kendall  Station,  about  1 
mile  from  Lake  Ontario,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches  and  about  25  houses. 

Westkerke,  ^4st'k4R-k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  West  Flanders,  on  the  Canal  of  Bourgogne,  10  miles 
W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1085, 

West  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  several  mills,  a  church,  and 
nearly  30  houses. 

West  Killingly,  Connecticut.    See  Danielsonville 

West  Kings'ton,a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,R.I. 

West  Kort'right,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Lafayette,  lafi-yett,  a  post- village  in  Lafa- 
yette township,  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  near  the  Tuscarawas  River, 
and  on  the  Pittsburg  &,  Columbus  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of 
Coshocton.     It  has  2  ohurches.     Pop.  about  400. 

West  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Lake  Charles. 

West  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn., 
about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Willmar,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  several  business  concerns. 

West  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, on  an  arm  of  Lake  Ontario,  9^  miles  S.W.  of  Picton. 
Po^  160. 

West  Lam'peter,  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1847. 

West  Lanc'aster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  oo.,  0., 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

West'Iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanoock  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
27  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Westland,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.    Pop.  889. 

Westland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0. 

Westland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  on 
Windmill  Point,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster  Court-House. 

West  Laurens,  law'r^nz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Laurens 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Norwich. 
It  has  a  church. 

West  Lcb'anon,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township, 
Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Danville,  111.  It  haa  3  ohurches  and  a  money-order 
post-office. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lebanon  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  2i  miles  from  Hayes  Station,  and  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Dover,  N.H.  It  contains  the  Lebanon  Academy 
and  a  church. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Lebanon  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Masooma,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  A 
bridge  across  the  Connecticut  connects  this  place  with 
White  River  Junction,  Vt.,  and  with  the  Vermont  Central 
Railroad.  It  contains  the  Tilden  Seminary  for  ladies, 
which  occupies  several  fine  btiildings,  a  church,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. The  engine-shops  of  the  Northern  Railroad 
are  located  here. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Lebanon 
Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Paint  township, 
Wayne  oo.,  0.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon.  It  has 
4  churches.     Pop.  164. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Young  township, 
Indiana  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saltsburg.  It  haa  3 
ohurches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

West  Leeds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  oo.,  Me., 
in  Leeds  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Androsooggin 
River,  14  or  15  miles  N.  of  Lewiston. 

West  Lees'port,apost- village  of  Berks  00.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Leesport. 

West  Leipsic,  llp'slk,  a  post-offioe  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

West  Len'ox,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Scranton. 

West  Le^roy',  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Mich. 

West  Le^vant',  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Leyden,  ll'd^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  town- 
ship, Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  saw- mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Lib'erty,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..  111.,  on 
the  Grayville  <fc  Mattoon  Railroad,  Hi  miles  S.  of  Newton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wild  Cat  River,  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kokomo.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill  and  about  40  houses. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Wapsinonoc  town- 
ship, Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 


WES 


2803 


WES 


Pacific  Kailroad  where  it  crosses  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
^pids  &  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Iowa  City, 
and  38  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages  aud  windmills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1268. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  oo., 
Ky.,  on  the  Licking  River,  about  80  miles  E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Mo.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Union ville.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Liberty,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Gallon. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  Mad  River  and  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky 
&  Cleveland  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Belief ontaine,  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Urbana.  It  has  abundant  water-power,  and 
contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  a  machine-shop,  several  fiouring-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  baby-carriages  and  wheels.     Pop.  741. 

West  Liberty,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Bell's  Station,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine.  Here  is  Fetterman  Post- 
Office. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  New  Castle. 

West  Liberty,  a  village  of  Liberty  co.,  Tex.,  on  Trin- 
ity River,  opposite  Liberty.     Pop.  2Sd. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  oo.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  contains  a  branch  of  the 
West  Virginia  State  Normal  School,  3  churches,  and  5  dry- 
goods  stores.     Pop.  251. 

West  Li'ina,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bloom  township,  Rich- 
land CO.,  Wis.,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richland  Centre.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

West  Lincoln,  link'pn,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  III. 
Pop.  3053.     It  is  adjacent  to  Lincoln,  the  county  town. 

West  Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lincoln  township, 
Addison  co.,  Vt.,  8  miles  E.  of  New  Haven  Station. 

West  Line,  a  post-office  of  Redwood  oo.,  Minn. 

West  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &,  Texas  Railroad, 
13  miles  W.  of  Harrisonville.  It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

West  Linton,  Scotland.    See  Linton. 

West  Lit'tleton,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H. 

West  Loch  Tar'bert  or  Tar'bet,  an  inlet  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  great  southern  peninsula  of  Argyleahire, 
Scotland,  approaching  within  1  mile  of  East  Loch  Tarbet, 
and,  together  with  the  narrow  isthmus  between  them,  sepa- 
rating Kintyre  from  Knapdale. 

West  Lo'di,  orLo'di,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0., 
•bout  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tiffin. 

West  Lo'gan,  a  village  of  Jefferson  township,  Cass 
90.,  Ind.,  1  mile  from  Logansport,     Pop.  978. 

West  Lome,  or  Bismarck,  a  post-village  in  Elgin 
00.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Thomas. 
It  contains  a  flour-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  siLsh-  and 
door-factory,  3  hotels,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  250. 

West  Lothian,  Scotland.    See  Linlithgow. 

West  Louisville,  loo'e-vil,  a  post-village  of  Daviess 
CO.,  Ky.,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  semi- 
nary and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

West  Lu'bec,  a  post-office  in  Lubec  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  near  the  sea,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Eastport. 

West  Lynn,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  10^ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

West  Lynn,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  & 
Lynn  Railroad,  J  of  a  mile  W.  of  Lynn,  Mass. 

WestLynne,  lin  (formerly  Pembina),  an  outport  of 
customs  in  the  province  of  Manitoba,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Red  River,  adjacent  to  the  boundary-line  which  divides 
the  states  of  North  Dakota  and  Minnesota  from  Mani- 
toba, 63  miles  from  Fort  Garry.  It  contains  a  custom- 
house, emigration-office,  and  post-office,  and  is  a  terminus 
of  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway  Branch  Line. 

West  Ly'ons,  a  hamlet  in  Lyons  township.  Cook  oo., 
£11.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

West  Macedon,  mas'se-dgn,  a  post-village  in  Mace- 
don  township,  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  money-order  post-office  and  a  newspaper  agency  called 
the  "  Rural  Empire  Club." 

West  Magno'lia,  a  post-office  of  Rock  oo..  Wis.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Madison. 

West  Maho'ning,  township,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  P.  1131. 

Westmale,  ♦fist'mi-l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1274. 


West  Mailing,  England.     See  Mallino. 

West  Manayuuk,  man-a-yiink',  a  station  of  the 
Reading  Railroad,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  opposite  Mana- 
yunk,  Pa. 

West  Man'chester,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Eastern  Railroad  (Gloucester  Branch),  7i  miles  N.E.  of 
Salem.     It  is  at  Newport,  a  village  on  the  sea-coast. 

West  Manchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0., 
on  the  Xcnia  &  Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  at  Manchester 
Station,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.    It  has  a  church. 

West  Manchester,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

West  Manheim,  man'nime,  a  township  of  York  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1147. 

Westmanlaud,  w&st'm&n-l&nd,  a  Isen  or  province  of 
Sweden,  bounded  E.  by  Upsal  and  S.  by  Lake  Mffilar. 
Area,  2623  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  and  has  ex- 
tensive mines  of  iron  and  copper.  Silver  is  also  mined. 
Capital,  Westerns.     Pop.  126,753. 

Westman'ua,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Iceland,  a  few  of  which  are  inhabited.  Lat.  of  S.  point, 
63°20'N.;  Ion.  20°  23' W. 

West  Mans'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 

West  Mansfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about 
42  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

West'mark,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Neb. 

West  Marl'borongh,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Pop. 1189. 

West  Marlborough,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co.,  Vt. 

West  Mar'tinsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Lowville,  and  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Water- 
town.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Westmeath,  west'meeTH,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  surrounded  by  the  cos.  of  Longford,  Meath,  Kings 
CO.,  and  Roscommon.  Area,  700  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  65,028.  Surface  undulating,  diversified  with  woods, 
lakes,  and  bogs.  On  the  W.  it  is  bounded  by  Lough  Ree 
and  the  Shannon.  Grazing  and  dairy-farming  are  the  chief 
occupations.  Principal  crops,  oats  and  potatoes,  with  some 
wheat ;  flour  and  meal  are  made  in  large  quantities.  The 
Royal  Canal  intersects  the  county,  and  a  branch  of  the  Grand 
Canal  proceeds  to  Kilbeggan.  Chief  towns,  Mullingar  (the 
capital),  Moate,  and  a  part  of  Athlone.  Excluding  the 
borough  of  Meath,  it  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 

West'meath,  or  Bel'lowston,  a  post- village  in  Ren- 
frew CO.,  Ontario,  20  miles  N.  of  Renfrew.  It  has  2  saw- 
mills, a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.    Pop.  170. 

West  Mec'ca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Mecca  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  oil-well. 

West  Med'ford,  a  post-village  in  Medford  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Mystic  River  and  the  Boston, 
Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  2  churches,  and  near  here  is  Tufts  College  (Uni- 
versalist).     Granite  is  quarried  near  this  place. 

West  Med'way,  a  post-village  in  Medway  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Charles  River  and  the  Woon- 
socket  division  of  the  Boston,  Hartford  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  tacks,  &o. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2985. 

West  Mem'phis,  a  township  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark. 
Pop.  375. 

West  Menash'a,  a  station  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  1^  miles  W.  of  Menasha,  Wis. 

West  Men'tor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  oo.,  0.,  in  Men 
tor  township,  near  the  New  York,  Chicago  k  St.  Louia 
Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Painesville. 

West  Mer'edith,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y. 
7  or  8  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  about  30. 

West  Mid'dleburg,  a  post- village  in  Zane  township, 
Logan  CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Delaware.  It  contains 
2  churches,  a  saw-  and  lumber-mill,  and  general  stores. 
Pop.  in  1890,  345. 

West  Middlesex,  Pennsylvania.    See  Middlesex. 

West  Mid'dletou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Frankfort  &,  Kokomo  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Kokomo. 

West  Middleton,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Dane  oo.,  Wis.,  10 
or  11  miles  W.  of  Madison. 

West  Mid'dletown,  a  post-borough  in  Hopewell 
township,  Washington  co..  Pa.,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  threshing- 
machines,  wagons,  &Q.,  and  several  saw-mills  and  geneiul 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  236. 


WES 


2804 


WES 


West  Mi'Ian,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milan  township,  Mon- 
roe 00.,  Mioh.,  about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a 
ohurch  and  a  stave-factory. 

West  Milaii)  a  post-rillage  in  Milan  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  108  miles  N.W. 
of  Portland,  Me.  It  has  a  hotel,  4  stores,  and  3  extensive 
lumber-mills. 

West  Mil'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Milford  town- 
ship, Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from  Hewitt  Station,  and 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  comprises  the  southern  half  of  the  beautiful  Green- 
wood Lake,  which  extends  into  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  and  is  a 
summer  resort.  The  scenery  of  West  Milford  is  very  pic- 
turesque.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2660. 

West  Miliord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Monongahela,  about  70  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg. 

West  Mill'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Millbury  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  7  miles  S.  of  Worcester,  and  li  miles 
E.  of  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad.  It  has  a  cotton- 
factory  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Mill  Creek,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Erie  co..  Pa. 

West  Mill  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township. 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Rising  Sun  Station,  and 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Mil'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  3 
miles  from  Milton  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Dover.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  townshh),  Sara- 
toga CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and 
about  40  houses. 

West  Milton,  Miami  co.,  0.    See  Milton. 

West  Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  and  on  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Milton.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 

West  Milton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milton  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Yt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  4  miles  from  Lake 
Champlain,  and  about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Mi'not,  a  post-village  in  Minot  township,  An- 
droscoggin CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  <fc  Oxford  Central 
Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

West'minster,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  the  W.  part  of  the  British  metropolis,  having  on 
the  S.  and  W.  Chelsea  and  Kensington,  N.  Marylebone, 
E.  the  Thames.  Pop.  (1891)  55,760.  It  contains  West- 
minster Abbey  and  Hall,  the  magnificent  Houses  of  Par- 
liament, Privy  Council  OflSce,  Treasury,  and  Board  of 
Trade,  in  Whitehall;  St.  James's,  Buckingham,  and  Ken- 
sington Palaces ;  Somerset  House,  with  King's  College ; 
Westminster,  St.  George's,  and  Charing-Cross  Hospitals. 
See  London. 

West'minster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Anaheim,  and  3  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Westminster,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canterbury  township, 
Windham  co..  Conn.,  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwich. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  carpet- warp, 
wagons,  and  cider  brandy. 

Westminster,  a  post-township  of  Reno  oo.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Hutchinson.     Pop.  322. 

Westminster,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
ia  situated  near  the  E.  base  of  a  range  of  hills  which  afford 
i,  beautiful  and  extensive  view.  It  ia  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore  by  that 
route,  but  only  28  by  the  turnpike.  It  contains  8  or  9 
churches,  3  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  the  Western  Maryland  College  (Methodist  Prot- 
estant), which  was  organized  in  1867  and  has  11  instructors 
and  about  50  students.  Westminster  has  manufactures  of 
•tationary  and  portable  engines,  agricultural  implements, 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2903. 

Westminster,  a  post- village  in  Westminster  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Railroad.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  hotel,  a  high  school,  and  a  national  bank. 
The  township  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  combs,  and 
paper.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1712. 

Westminster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C., 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Jamestown  Station,  and  80  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a 
quarry  of  soapstone. 

Westminster,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  township, 
Allen  00.,  0.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 


Westminster,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line,  111  miles  N.E.  of 
Atlanta,  Ga.     It  has  a  college  and  2  churches. 

Westminster,  a  post-village  in  Westminster  town- 
ship, Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  4  miles 
below  Bellows  Falls,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad. 
The  main  street  is  perfectly  level,  and  crosses  a  table-land 
about  1  mile  in  extent.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  leather  and  clothes-pins.     Pop.  of  township,  1238. 

Westminster,  a  village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Thames,  1  mile  from  the  London  post-office.     Pop.  600. 

Westminster  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Fitchburg.     It  has  a  chair-factory. 

Westminster  West,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westminster 
township,  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Brattle- 
borough. 

West  Mitch'ell,  a  post-village  in  Mitchell  township, 
Mitchell  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the 
Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  Railroad,  about  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Osage.  It  has 
extensive  water-power,  and  contains  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

West  Monroe,  miin-ro',  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Mon- 
roe township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
cheese- factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township, 
which  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Oneida  Lake,  contains  3 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1321. 

West  Monterey,  mon-te-ra',  a  post-village  in  Perry 
township.  Clarion  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  78  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

West  Mon^trose',  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Grand  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  smelting-works.  Iron  ore 
is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  100. 

West'more,  a  post-township  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Or- 
leans CO.,  Vt.     Pop.  412.     It  contains  Willoughby  Lake. 

West'moreland,  a  county  of  England,  in  its  N.  part, 
bordering  on  Yorkshire.  Area,  768  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  66,098.  It  is  a  country  of  mountains  and  moors, 
interspersed  with  lakes,  and  highly  picturesque.  Helvellyn, 
on  the  border  of  Cumberland,  rises  to  3055  feet  above  the 
sea.  The  principal  lakes  are  Windermere,  on  its  W.,  and 
UUeswater,  on  its  N.W.  border ;  its  rivers  are  the  Ken  in  the 
S.,  and  the  Eden  in  the  N.  Slate  is  quarried  in  large  quan- 
tities; granite,  marble,  copper,  lead,  and  coal  are  procura- 
ble. The  Lancaster  A  Kendal  Canal  and  the  Kendal  A  Win- 
dermere Railway  intersect  the  S.  part,  and  the  Lancaster  A 
Carlisle  Railway  traverses  the  county  throughout  from  S.  to 
N.  Principal  towns,  Appleby  (the  capital),  Ambleside,  Ken- 
dal, Shap,  and  Orton.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  Under  the  Heptarchy  it  formed  a  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Northumbria. 

Westmore'land,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  1035  square  miles.  It  ia 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Conemaugh  and  Kiskiminetas 
Rivers,  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Monongahela.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Loyal- 
hanna  and  Youghiogheny  Rivers  and  Jacob's  Creek.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  a  long  mountain-ridge  called  Laurel 
Hill.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  generally  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  butter,  horses,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abundance  of 
bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Western  Pennsylvania  divi- 
sion of  the  same.  It  is  also  connected  with  market  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital, 
Greensburg.     Pop.  in  1880,  78,036;  in  1890,  112,819. 

Westmoreland,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  170  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac  River,  several  miles 
wide,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River.  It  is  a 
part  of  the  peninsula  called  the  Northern  Neck.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  General  Washington  was  born  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Montross.  Pop.  in  1870,  7682 ;  in  1880, 
8846;  in  1890,  8399. 

Westmoreland,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.v 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Blkmont 
Station  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad. 

Westmoreland,  a  post- village  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansas,  11  miles   N.  of  Louisville,  and  about  20  mile* 


WES 


2805 


WES 


N.X.E.  of  Manhattan.     It  has  a  stone  school-house,  3 
Btores,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Westmoreland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westmoreland  town- 
ship, Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  2  miles 
from  Westmoreland  Depot,  which  is  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Keene.  It  has  a  town  hall  and  1  or  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  th«  Cheshire  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1256. 

Westmoreland  (formerly  Hampton),  a  post-village 
in  Westmoreland  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome 
&  Clinton  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Rome,  and  14  miles  W. 
of  Utica.  It  has  3  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  manufactory 
of  malleable  iron.  Pop.  444.  Westmoreland  township 
contains  also  the  villages  of  Hecla  and  Lowell.    Pop.  2757. 

Westmoreland,  a  maritime  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and 
Northumberland  Strait,  and  connected  with  Nova  Scotia 
by  a  narrow  isthmus.  Area,  1285  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Petitcodiao  River,  and  the  surface  is  agree- 
ably diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  heavily  tim- 
bered. Shediao  Harbor  (Pointe  du  Chfine),  on  its  coast,  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  province,  and  a  large  amount  of  timber 
is  shipped  liere  for  England.  The  Intercolonial  Railway 
traverses  this  county.     Capital,  Dorchester.     Pop.  29,335. 

Westmoreland,  a  county  of  New  South  Wales,  Aus- 
tralia. Area,  about  1592  square  miles.  Pop.  2928.  The 
Blue  Mountains  here  rise  to  nearly  4000  feet  in  height. 
The  WoUondilly  bounds  the  county  on  the  S.,  and  Cox's 
River  on  the  B.    Principal  town,  O'Connell. 

Westmoreland,  a  county  of  Tasmania,  comprising 
the  S.  part  of  what  were  formerly  Norfolk  Plains.  The 
Mersey  and  West  Rivers,  South  Esk  and  Lake  Rivers, 
Shannon  and  Great  Lake,  form  respectively  its  N.,  E.,  and 
S.  boundaries.  Quambay's  Bluff  rises  to  3500  feet.  Lakes 
are  numerous  in  the  S.  and  B.  Principal  towns,  Deloraine, 
Chudleigh,  Carrick,  Longford,  and  Westbury. 

Westmoreland  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  and  the  Cheshire  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.  of  Bellows  Falls,  Vt. 

Westmoreland  Point,  a  post-village  in  Westmore- 
land CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  4  miles 
from  Sackville.  It  contains  3  stores,  a  tannery,  and  a 
shoe-factory.     Pop.  100. 

West  Mor'ris,  a  post-hamlet  in  Morris  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  at  Morris  Station  of  the  Shepaug 
Railroad,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Waterbury.  It  has  a  chapel 
and  a  manufactory  of  lumber  and  turned  wood. 

West  Mount  Ver'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eennebeo 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  lake,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

West  Mount  Vernon,  a  station  of  the  New  York  & 
Harlem  Railroad,  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  13i  miles  N. 
of  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y. 

West  Mount  Vernon,  a  village  of  Bast  Cheater 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.     Ppp.  1200. 

West  Mys'tic,  a  station  of  the  Stonington  &  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  New  London,  Conn.  It  is  at 
the  village  of  Mystic  River. 

West  Nanticoke,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa., 
in  Plymouth  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  about  10  miles  below  Wilkesbarre.  It  is  on  one  of  the 
state  canals  and  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad, 
at  the  lower  end  of  Wyoming  Valley.  Here  is  the  shipping- 
office  of  the  Susquehanna  Coal  Company. 

West  Nant'meal,  a  township  of 
Pop.  1070. 

West  New'ark,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Newark  township. 

West  New  Brighton,  brl't^n,  a  post- village  of  Rich- 
mond CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Staten  Island,  in  Castle- 
ton  township,  contiguous  to  New  Brighton.  It  contains  6 
churches  and  the  New  York  Dyeing  and  Printing  Estab- 
lishment. 

West  New'bury,  a  post- village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  West  Newbury  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Boston, 
and  6  miles  E.by  N.  of  Haverhill.  The  township  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  Merrimac  River.     Pop.  of  township;  2021. 

West  Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Newbury  township,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier. 

West  Newdy  Quoddy.    See  Newdy  Qcoddy. 

West  New'field,  a  post-village  in  Newfield  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2 
churches. 

West  New'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Newton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 


township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 


on  the  Boston  i,  Albany  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Boston 
It  contains  6  churches,  the  West  Newton  English  and  Clas- 
sical School,  and  a  city  hall.  It  is  the  3d  ward  of  the  city 
of  Newton. 

West  Newton,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Newton  town- 
ship, Nicollet  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  about  33 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  church.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  687. 

West  Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  about 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Lima.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Newton,  a  post-borough  in  South  Huntington 
township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny 
River  and  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  6  churches, 
2  banks,  a  paper-mill,  2  fotmdries,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2285. 

West  Nicholson,  nlk'ol-spn,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming 
CO.,  Pa.  ' 

West  Nor'folk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.W.  of 
Winsted. 

West  North'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Cook  CO.,  111.,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Northfield,  Mass.  and  Vt.    See  South  Vernon. 

West  North'field,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  8  miles  from  Lunen- 
burg. It  contains  a  church,  a  store,  a  grist-mill,  and  4 
saw-mills.     Pop.  162. 

West  Norwalk,  nor'wSk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Norwalk  township,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Nor- 
walk. It  has  a  chapel,  a  large  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  sash  and  blinds. 

West  Not'tiughamy  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H. 

West  Nottingham,  a  township  of  Chester  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  879. 

West  No'vi,  a  hamlet  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mich.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  3i  miles  W.  of  Novi  Station. 

West  Oak'land,  a  post-office  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad 
It  is  in  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Oakland,  and  is  a  branch  of 
Oakland  Post-Office. 

West  Oakland,  a  station  in  Coles  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  B.  of  Areola. 

Wes'toe,  a  township  and  chapelry  of  England,  oo.  of 
Durham,  containing  part  of  South  Shields. 

West  Olive,  ol'iv,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
on  Pigeon  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  3  miles  from  Lake 
Michigan.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West'on,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  7  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Norwalk,  and  about  11  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  several  churches.  Pop 
of  the  township,  1054. 

Weston,  a  village  of  Webster  co.,  Ga.    Pop.  176. 

Weston,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho. 

Weston,  a  hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  on  the  Apple 
River,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Galena. 

Weston,  a  post-village  in  Yates  township,  McLean  co., 
111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Fairbury,  and  20  miles  E.  of  El  Paso.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  town  hall,  3  churches,  and  2  grain-elevators. 

Weston,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pottawattamie  oo., 
Iowa,  near  Mosquito  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs. 

Weston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Junction  City. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  20  miles  below  Shawneetown,  111.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  barrels  and  ploughs.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place,  and  much  tobacco  is  shipped  here. 

Weston,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Grand 
Lake.     Pop.  394. 

Weston,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  13  miles  W.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  S.W.  of  Wes- 
ton Station  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  machine-shop,  <fcc.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Charles  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1664. 

Weston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Morenci.  It 
has  a  chapel. 

Weston,  a  post- village  in  Weston  township,  Platte  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St 


WES 


2806 


WES 


Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  8  miles  above  Leaven- 
worth, and  33  miles  by  railroad  N.N.W.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  banking-house,  a  savings-bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
1614  ;  of  the  township,  2453. 

Weston,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  cc,  Neb. 

Weston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,,N.J.,  on  the 
Millstone  Eiver  and  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Bail- 
road,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bound  Brook.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Weston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tyrone  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Watkins.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  pump-factory. 

Weston,  a  post- village  of  "Wood  cc,  0.,  on  the  S.  border 
of  Weston  township,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
3  churches,  an  academy,  2  large  flouring-mills,  and  2  lum- 
ber-mills.    Pop.  about  800 ;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2403. 

Weston,  a  post-village  9f  Umatilla  oo.,  Oregon,  18  milee 
from  Walla  Walla.     It  has  a  church. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Collin  oo.,  Tex.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Sherman.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  157. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Weston 
township,  about  27  miles  S  by  E.  of  Rutland.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  931. 

Weston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  West  Pork  of  the  Monongahela  River,  about  70  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Parkersburg,  and  88  miles  S.  of  Wheeling.  It  has 
a  national  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  hospital  for  the  insane, 
which  was  founded  by  the  state.    Pop.  m  1890,  2143. 

Weston,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  379. 

Weston,  a  post-township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  about  26 
miles  W.  of  Eau  Claire.     Pop.  400. 

Weston,  a  township  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.  Pop.  479. 
See  also  Schofield's  Mills. 

Wes'ton,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Humber  River,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  Si  miles 
N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  flour  and  grain, 
and  contains  2  churches,  several  hotels  and  stores,  a  wool- 
len-factory, a  manufactory  of  agricultural  implements,  a 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  3  saw-mills, 
&c.     Pop.  1300. 

West  Oneon'ta,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oneonta  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.T.,  4  miles  W.  of  Oneonta,  and  about  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  foundry. 

Weston's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Portville  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the 
Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  Weston's 
Station,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Clean.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  shingles.     Pop.  about  450. 

Weston's  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  of  the  Park 
Range,  at  an  elevation  of  11,676  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Lat.  39°  7'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  106°  9'  30"  W. 

Weston-sn'per-Ma're,  a  maritime  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  on  Uphill  Bay,  Bristol  Channel,  with  a  station 
on  the  Bristol  &  Exeter  (Great  Western)  Railway,  8i  miles 
N.W.  of  Axbridge.  Pop.  10,470.  It  is  a  favorite  water- 
ing-place, with  good  sands,  bathing-establishments,  many 
new  villa-residences,  and  a  view  of  the  opposite  coast  of 
Wales.     It  has  a  college,  founded  in  1864. 

West  Orange,  Sr'inj,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4368. 

West  Osgoode,  oz'good,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co., 
Ontario,  on  a  railway,  31  miles  N.  of  Prescott.     Pop.  100. 

West  Os'sipee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Ossipee  River  and  the  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ossipee,  and  17  miles  S.  of 
North  Conway. 

West  O'tis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  llj 
miles  E.  of  Great  Barrington. 

Westoutre,  vfisHoot'r',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  frontiers  of  France,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bruge?.     Pop.  1331. 

West'over,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Westover,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark. 

Westover,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield. 

West'over,  or  Don'nybrook,  a  post- village  in  Went- 
worth  CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Dundas.     Pop.  100. 

West'over's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.   It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  O'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Green  Lick  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  N.  of  Con- 
nellsville.  It  has  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill,  and  coke-works. 
West  Par'is,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township,  Oxford 


CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  55  miles  N.  by  W, 
of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Par'ishville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parishville  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of  Potsdam.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Par'sonfield,  a  hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Pascagonla,  pas^k^-goo'la,  a  station  in  Jack- 
son CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Pascagonla,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile. 

West  Paw'iet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pawlet  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  at  Pawlet  Station  on  the  Rensselaer  & 
Saratoga  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salem,  N.Y. 

West  Paw  Paw,  Lee  co.,  111.    See  Paw  Paw  Grovb. 

West  Pem'broke,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  town- 
ship, Washington  co..  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  12 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Eastport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  ship-  /ard, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  a  planing-mill. 

West  Penn,  a  post- township  forming  the  eastern  ex 
tremity  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  is  about  28  miles  N  of  Read- 
ing.    Pop.  1980. 

West  Penns'borough,  a  township  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2180. 

West  Penob'scot,  a  post-office  of  Hanr^Ksk  co.,  Me. 

West  Pensaukee,  pen-saw'kee,  a  pjst-hamlet  in 
Pensaukee  township,  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Pensaukee 
River,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Oconto.     It  lias  a  church. 

West  Per'ry,  a  hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Wyoming 
CO.,  N.Y.,  I  mile  from  Perry.     It  has  about  15  houses. 

West  Perry,  a  township  of  Snyder  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  585. 

West  Perth,  a  hamlet  in  Perth  to»fnship,  Fulton  co., 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Albany. 

West  Pe^ru',  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  about  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 
It  has  a  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  starch-factory. 

West  Peterborough,  pe't^r-bur-ruh,  a  post-village 
in  Peterborough  township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  58  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  2  cotton-mills. 

Westphalia,  wSst-fi'le-a  (Ger.  Westphalen,  *Jst-f4'- 
l^n;  Fr.  Westphalie,  v4st^f4^1ee'),  a  province  of  Prussia,  com- 
prising the  N.W.  portion  of  its  territory,  and  bordering  on 
the  Netherlands.  Estimated  area,  7800  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1885,  2,202,726 ;  in  1890, 2,428,661,  comprising  1,145,627 
Roman  Catholics  and  1,283,034  Protestants.  The  surface 
is  hilly  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  province,  but  level  in  the 
centre  and  N.W.  Chief  rivers,  the  Ems,  Weser,  Werra,  and 
Lippe.  Climate  healthy;  soil  generally  very  fertile,  but 
interspersed  with  some  extensive  marshes  and  heaths. 
Large  quantities  of  grain,  flax,  tobacco,  hops,  and  potatoes 
are  raised.  Horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  hogs  are  numerous, 
and  the  last-named  furnish  the  celebrated  Westphalian 
hams.  The  minerals  comprise  coal,  iron,  lead,  copper,  and 
rock  salt;  and  it  has  numerous  salt-springs.  The  province 
has  manufactures  of  cottons,  hardwares,  paper,  tobacco,  and 
spirits.  Flax-spinning  and  weaving  occupy  many  of  the 
population,  and  cutlery  is  a  chief  article  of  manufacture. 
The  province  is  subdivided  into  3  governments,  and  these 
again  into  37  circles.  Principal  towns,  MUnster  (the  capital), 
Minden,  Amsberg,  Paderborn,  and  Hamm.  The  old  Cir- 
cle OP  Westphalia  in  the  German  Empire,  situated  be- 
tween the  Rhine  and  the  Weser,  Lower  Saxony  and  the 
Netherlands,  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  Kingdom  op  West- 
phalia, created  by  Napoleon  for  his  brother  Jerome,  and 
dismembered  in  1813.  The  Duchy  of  Westphalia,  of 
which  Arnsberg  was  the  capital,  was  a  small  territory  be- 
longing successively  to  the  Archbishops  of  Cologne  and  to 

Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  ceded  to  Prussia  in  1815. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Westphalian,  wfist-fi'le-an. 

Westpha'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Harlan.     It  has  a  church. 

Westphalia,  a  post-village  in  Westphalia  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1648. 

Westphalia,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  on 
Marais  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Jefferson  City,  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Osage  City.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  is  the  part  of 
Philadelphia  which  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Schuylkill 
River.  It  comprises  the  24th  and  27th  wards,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  central  or  eastern  part  of  the  city  by  severnl 
bridges.  The  ground  is  high  and  undulating.  West  Phila- 
delphia contains,  besides  many  beautiful  vill.os  and  resi- 
dences, numerous  churches,  several  cemeteries  and  asylums, 
and  the  new  buildings  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 


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whioh  are  bailt  of  serpentine  in  the  Collegiate  Gothic  style. 
Its  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  po8t>office. 

West  Pierpont)  peer'pont,  a  post-office  in  Pierrepont 
township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Pike,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  in  Pike 
township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Renovo. 

West  Pike'land,  a  post-office  in  West  Pikeland  town- 
ship, Chester  co.,  Pa.,  near  the  Pickering  Valley  Railroad, 
about  10  miles  N.  of  West  Chester.  The  township  contains 
2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  several  grist-mills,  also 
the  hamlet  of  Chester  Springs.     Pop.  of  township,  1201. 

West  Pike  Ran,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1252. 

West  Pi 'lot,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Marengo. 

West  Pitts'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Me., 
near  the  village  of  Pittsfield,  whioh  is  on  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta. 

West  Pittsfield,  Mass.     See  Shaker  Viixask. 

West  Pitts'ton,  a  borough  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  opposite  Pittston,  and  on  the  Lackawanna  &  Blooms- 
burg  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton.    P.  (1890)  3906. 

West  Plains,  a  city  of  Missouri,  the  capital  of  Howell 
CO.,  is  situated  iaafine  fruit-growing  region,  on  the  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Scott  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  113  miles  S.B.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  college,  2 
planing-mills,  manufactures  of  flour  and  bricks,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  351 ;  in  1890,  2091. 

West  Platts'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  Plattsburg  town- 
ship, Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  starch-factory. 

West  Plymouth,  plim'ath,  a  post-office  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  4  miles  W.  of  Plymouth. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  on 
Little  Red  River,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  3 
miles  from  the  Cairo  <fc  Fulton  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  seminary  for  each  sex.  Steamboats  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  about 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  gold-mines  and 
several  quartz-mills. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River  at  the  point  where  it  first  strikes 
the  W.  boundary  of  the  state,  15  miles  S.W.  of  La  Grange, 
and  87  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the 
Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad,  whioh  connects  here  with 
the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  the  West  Point  Female 
College,  2  cotton-factories,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1254. 

West  Point,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy 
Railroad,  28i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

West  Point,  township,  Stephenson  co.,  HL     P.  2602. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Tip- 
pecanoe CO.,  Ind.,  1  mile  from  West  Point  Station  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  246. 

West  Point,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  611. 

West  Point,  a  hamlet  in  West  Point  township,  Butler 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Waverly.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  516. 

West  Point,  a  post- village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  West 
Point  township,  on  the  Fort  Madison  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N,  of  Keokuk,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fort 
Madison.  It  has  6  churches,  2  steam  floar-mills,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office. 

West  Point,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville.   It  has  several  stores  and  2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  441, 

West  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  oo..  Miss., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Macon,  and 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  a 
female  institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  2762. 

West  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
E.  of  La  Cygne,  Kansas,  and  about  48  miles  S.  of  Kansas 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cuming  co.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Elkhorn  River  and  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  35i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont,  and  82  miles 
N.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  3 


churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  furnitnre-fa«- 
tory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1842. 

West  Point,  a  post-village,  the  site  of  the  United 
States  Military  Academy,  is  situated  in  Cornwall  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Hudson, 
52  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  New  York.  The  natural  strength 
of  the  place  led  to  its  selection  for  a  fortress  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  the  ruins  of  Fort  Putnam,  whioh  was  erected  at 
that  period,  crown  a  hill  (a  little  to  the  S.W.  of  the  extreme 
point)  of  598  feet  elevation  above  the  river.  The  buildings 
of  the  academy  occupy  a  plateau  elevated  188  feet  above 
the  Hudson,  and  covering  an  area  of  about  a  mile  in  cir- 
cuit, with  ample  room  for  the  necessary  structures,  for 
military  evolutijas,  and  for  the  practice  of  gunnery.  The 
approach  from  the  river  on  the  E.  is  interrupted  by  a  nearly 
perpendicular  bank  or  wall,  while  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  the 
place  is  defended  by  a  rampart  of  high  and  rugged  hills. 
The  same  causes  that  render  it  so  strong  as  a  fortress  make 
this  place  in  point  of  scenery  second  to  none  in  the  country. 
As  the  visitor  sits  in  the  piazza  of  the  hotel  which  stands 
on  the  brow  of  the  third  terrace,  he  has  before  him  towards 
the  N.  the  finest  known  pass  in  any  river  in  the  world; 
while  the  whole  N.W.  and  S.W.  horizon  is  shut  out  from 
the  view  by  highlands  and  mountains  of  from  600  to  1500 
feet  in  height.  Towards  the  E.  are  beautiful  promenades 
on  the  summit  of  the  rocks  that  overlook  the  river.  The 
view  from  the  ruins  of  old  Fort  Putnam  is  perhaps  un- 
equalled in  its  peculiar  beauties.  The  Catskill  and  other 
mountains  may  command  more  extensive  prospects,  but 
none  have  such  a  river  as  the  Hudson  immediately  at  their 
feet,  or  such  a  pass  as  that  through  the  highlands  within 
the  scope  of  distinct  vision.  Fort  Putnam  is  on  a  spur  of 
the  highlands,  extending  towards  the  S.  or  S.W.,  and  sur- 
rounded on  three  sides  by  deep  ravines  and  steep  descents. 
On  the  plateau  named  above  were  Fort  Clinton  and  the 
other  works  that  constituted  the  fortress  at  the  period  of 
the  Revolution,  defended  by  redoubts  on  the  summits  of 
the  hills,  of  which  Fort  Putnam  was  the  chief.  Arnold 
was  in  command  of  this  fortress  when,  in  1780,  he  entered 
into  a  base  conspiracy  with  Major  Andr6  to  surrender  it  into 
the  hands  of  the  British.  Here,  too,  the  patriot  Kosciusko 
held  a  command,  and  a  small  plateau  or  ledge  on  the  side 
of  the  precipice  leading  down  to  the  river  is  known  as 
Kosciusko's  Garden.  At  the  top  of  the  stairs  descending 
to  this  garden  is  a  cenotaph  to  his  memory  (a  conspicuous 
object  ascending  the  river),  erected  by  the  cadets  of  1828 
at  an  expense  of  $5000.  The  Military  Academy  was  es- 
tablished by  Congress  in  1802,  and  is  wholly  supported  by 
the  general  government.  The  education  given  is  practically 
gratuitous,  so  far  as  money  is  concerned,  each  cadet  being 
allowed  a  pay  of  $600  per  annum  and  one  ration,  from  which 
are  deducted  the  charges  for  board,  clothing,  books,  and 
other  expenses.  The  corps  of  cadets  must  not  exceed  250 
at  any  one  time,  and  the  candidates  for  admission  must  not 
be  under  17  or  over  21  years  of  age.  The  course  of  study, 
which  is  full  and  thorough  in  the  mathematics  and  all  that 
pertains  to  the  military  art,  embraces  6  years.  The  corps 
of  instructors  numbers  about  50.  During  the  Revolution 
a  heavy  chain  was  stretched  across  the  river  here  to  prevent 
the  passage  of  the  enemy's  ships.     Pop.  about  1200. 

West  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township,  Co- 
lumbiana CO.,  0.,  6  miles  from  New  Lisbon.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  tannery. 

West  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Morrow  oo.,  0.,  3i  miles  S.B» 
of  Iberia  Railroad  Station,  and  about  8  miles  S.  of  Gallon. 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Whetstone  Post-Office. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Gwynedd  township,  on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  at  Lukens 
Station,  8  miles  N.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  a  sash-faotory,  and  a  grain -warehouse. 

West  Point,  »  post-office  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Tenn.,  about 
90  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nashville. 

West  Point,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  King  William  oo.,  Va., 
is  on  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Pa- 
munky  and  Mattapony  Rivers,  38  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 
It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Richmond,  York  River  Sa 
Chesapeake  Railroad,  and  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  lumoer.  Large  steamboats 
ply  between  this  place  and  Baltimore.     Pop.  in  1890,  201^ 

West  Point,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Wisconsin  River.     Pop.  928. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prin<;e  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  43  miles  from 
Summerside.     Pop.  100. 

West  Po'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poland  township. 


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Androscoggin  oo.,  Me.,  about  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port- 
land.    It  has  2  ohurohes  and  a  carriage-factory. 

West'port,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on 
Clew  Bay,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Castlebar.  Pop.  4417.  It  has 
a  linen  hall,  court-house,  market-house,  barracks,  a  bride- 
well, and  workhouse,  and  an  active  export  trade  in  rural 
produce.  Wbstport  Quay,  its  port,  1  mile  W.,  is  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Clew  Bay,  termed  Westport  Bay.  It  has 
a  fishery  of  importance,  and  several  coast-guard  stations. 

West'port,  a  post-village  in  "Westport  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Saugatuck  River,  about  10  miles 
"W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Norwalk,  and  IJ 
miles  N.E.  of  Westport  Station  of  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.  It  contains  7  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  academy,  and  the  River- 
side Institute  for  ladies.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
rope,  batting,  twine,  mattresses,  carriages,  boots,  and  shoes. 
Westport  Station  is  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  3715. 

Westport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 

Westport,  a  post-village  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio,  about  24  miles  above  Louisville.     It  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Westport,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township,  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Bath.  It  is  on  a  small  island  which  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
Sheepscott  River  and  is  co-extensive  with  Westport  town- 
ship.    Pop.  of  the  township,  699. 

Westport,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township,  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  small  river,  7  miles  W.  of  New  Bedford, 
and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  batts,  and  twine. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  contains  Central  Village  and  Westport  Point.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  2599. 

Westport,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  246. 

Westport,  a  post-town  in  Westport  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Mo.,  4  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City,  and  11  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Independence.  It  has  a  high  school  and  6  churches. 
Pop.  1095. 

Westport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Ashuelot  River  and  the  Ashuelot  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Keene. 

Westport,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township,  Essex 
30.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  <fc 
Canada  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  10  miles 
W.  of  Vergennes,  Vt.  It  has  a  union  free  school  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1981, 

Westport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  oo.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Columbia  River,  about  40  miles  below  Ealama.  It  has  a 
salmon-cannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Westport,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Renovo.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Westport,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about  6  miles 
N.  of  Madison,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Lake  Mendota,  and 
contains  a  village  named  Mendota.     Pop.  1621. 

West'port,  a  maritime  village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  42  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  600. 

Westport,  a  post- village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Upper  Rideau  Lake,  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Brookville.  It 
has  good  water-power,  an  iron-foundry,  woollen-mills,  a 
number  of  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Westport  Factory,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Fall  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fall  River. 

Westport  Harbor,  a  hamlet  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  sea-coast,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tiverton,  R.I. 

Westport  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  JBristol  co.,  Mass., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Bedford. 

Westport  River,  a  small  stream  of  Bristol  co.,  in  the 
S.S.E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  enters  the  Atlantic  a  few  miles 
E.  of  the  Rhode  Island  boundary. 

West  Fots'dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  5  miles  W.  of 
Potsdam  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Pot'ton,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  5 
miles  W.  of  Mansonville  Potton.     Pop.  200. 

West  Pow'nal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pownal  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  at 
Pownal  Station,  18  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

West  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-oflSce,  Poinsett  oo.,  Ark. 

West  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  15  miles 
N.  of  Marion. 

West  Prairie,  a  hamlet  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.,  about  28 
miles  S.E.  cf  Poplar  Bluflf.     It  has  a  church. 


West  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

West  Prov'idence,  a  post-office  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y, 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 

West  Providence,  a  township  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  970. 

West  Providence,  a  thriving  suburb  of  Providence, 
R.I.,  in  Johnston  township,  Providence  co.,  is  on  the  Hart- 
ford, Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Provi- 
dence, and  adjacent  to  Olneyville.  It  has  a  chapel.  Pop. 
358.  West  Providence  Station  of  the  Stonington  &  Provi- 
dence Railroad  is  3  miles  S.W.  of  Providence. 

West  Prussia,  a  province  of  Prussia,  embracing  the 
governments  of  Dantzic  and  Marienwerder.  Area,  9892 
square  miles.     Pop.  1,343,060. 

West  Qain'cy,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Quincy  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  8i  miles  S. 
of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Many 
men  are  employed  here  in  cutting  granite. 

West  Quincy,  a  station  in  Missouri,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  opposite  Quincy,  111.,  2  miles  W.  of  Quincy 
Station.  It  is  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  and  the  Quincy,  Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad. 

West  Ran'dolph,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  branch  of  White  River,  and  on 
the  Southern  division  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad 
(Randolph  Station),  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Montpelier,  and 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  5  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  2  hotels,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  furniture,  sash,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1573. 

Wes'tray,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  9i 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pomona,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
Westray  Firth.  Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  4  miles.  Pop. 
2090.  The  coast  is  rocky,  but  on  the  E.  side  is  the  secure 
harbor  Pierowell,  near  which  is  the  ruined  Gothic  castle  of 
Northland.     Pop.  2460. 

West  Red'aing,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
in  Redding  township,  on  the  Danbury  <k  Norwalk  Rail- 
road, 6i  miles  S.  of  Danbury. 

West  Rich'field,  a  post-village  in  Richfield  town- 
ship. Summit  co.,  0„  about  20  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, flour,  and  lumber. 

West  Rich'mondville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  52  miles 
W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Ridg'way,  a  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  100. 

West  Rindge,  rinj,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rindge  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad  (Rindge 
Station),  6  miles  N.  of  Winchendon,  Mass.,  and  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  manufactory  -of  wooden- 
ware. 

West  Rip'ley,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me. 

West  River,  a  small  stream  in  New  Haven  co.,  Con- 
necticut, falls  into  Long  Island  Sound  at  New  Haven. 

West  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Windsor  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.E.  direction  through  Windham  co.,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut near  Brattleborough.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

West  River,  township,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.     P.  1612. 

West  River,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

West  River,  a  post-office  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y. 

West  River,  a  hamlet  in  Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  40  miles  from  New  Glasgow. 
Pop.  400. 

West  River,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
12  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  200. 

West  River  Saint  Mary's,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guys- 
borough  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  West  River,  18  miles  from 
New  Glasgow.  It  contains  a  church,  a  hotel,  2  grist-mills, 
and  7  saw-mills.     Pop.  400. 

West  River  Station,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway  (Pictou  Branch), 
82  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  120. 

Westroosebeke,  w5st-ro'z§h-b4^k?h,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  21  miles  S.  of  Bruges. 
In  1382  a  great  battle  was  fought  here  between  the  united 
French  and  Flemings  and  the  revolted  men  of  Ghent  under 
Philip  Van  Artevelde,  when  the  latter  lost  their  leader  and 
above  20,000  men.     Pop.  1038. 

West  Rosendale,  ro'z^n-dale,  a  post-office  of  Fond 
du  Lac  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lao  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

West  Rox'bury,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass., 
in  West  Roxbury  township,  on  the  Dedham  Branch  of  the 
Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 


WES 


2809 


WES 


West  Rum'ney,  a  post-village  in  Ramnej  township, 
Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  on  Baker's  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Ply- 
mouth. 

West  Ru'pert,  a  post-village  in  Rupert  township, 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rensselaer  <fe  Saratoga  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.E,  of  Salem,  N.Y.  It  has  a  cheese- factory, 
2  stores,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

West  Rush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo,,  N.Y.,  in 
Rush  township,  on  the  Genesee  River  and  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

West  Rush'ville,  a  post-village  in  Richland  town- 
ship, Fairfield  co.,  0.,  1  mile  W.  of  Rushvijle,  and  about  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  185. 

West  Rut'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester. 
It  has  manufactures  of  oak  baskets.  Here  is  a  lake  2 
miles  long,  called  Long  Pond. 

West  Rutland,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  township, 
Rutland  CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rensselaer  A  Saratoga  Railroad,  4 
miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Rutland.  Here  are  10  extensive 
quarries  of  fine  white  marble,  and  mills  for  sawing  the 
marble.  About'500  men  are  employed  in  these  quarries. 
The  village  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
marbleized  slate  mantels.     Pop.  in  1890,  3680. 

West  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  is  a  suburb  of  the  city 
of  St.  Louis,  1  mile  from  Forrest  Park  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  glue,  bone-black, 
and  phosphate.  Its  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis 
post-office,  about  4  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis  City. 

West  Saint  Paul,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn,, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Paul.  It  is  now  the 
6th  ward  of  St.  Paul. 

West  Salaman'ca,  a  post-village  in  Salamanca  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  and  on  or  near  the  Alleghany  River.  It  has  3 
churches.     The  name  of  its  station  is  Bucktooth.     P.  469. 

West  Sa'lem,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Ed- 
wards CO.,  111.,  16  miles  S.  of  Olney,  and  12  miles  N.  of 
Albion.     It  has  4  churches  and  5  stores.     Pop.  about  350. 

West  Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ind.,  about  36 
miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

West  Salem,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  2 
hotels,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  756. 

West  Salem,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Sharon.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  2043. 

West  Salem,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis,,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
banks,  2  flour-mills,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  542. 

West  Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 

West  Salisbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salisbury  township, 
Addison  co,,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek  and  the  Vermont  Central 
Railroad,  at  Salisbury  Station,  6i  miles  S.  of  Middlebury. 
It  has  a  church. 

West  Sand  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Sand  Lake  township,  8  or  9  miles  E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
knit  goods.     Pop.  315. 

West  Sand'wich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Cape  Cod  division  of  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars. 

West  Sarato'ga  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering- 
place  of  Pike  CO.,  Ind,,  12  miles  E.  of  Princeton. 

West  Saugerties,  saw'gh§r-teez\  a  post-hamlet  of 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Kingston. 

West  Scarborough,  skar'bar-ruh,  a  station  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Portland. 

West  Schuyler,  ski'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer 
30.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River  and  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  E,  of  Utioa.     li  has  a  church. 

West  Scituate,  sit'u-at,  a  post- village  in  South  Scit- 
uate  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  about  21  miles  S.S,E. 
of  Boston. 

West's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Milverton. 

West  Scott,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

West  Searsmont,  seerz'm5nt,  a  post-office  of  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  Hi  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Belfast. 

West  Sebewa,  se'be-wa,  a  post-offioe  of  Ionia  oo., 
Mich.,  11  miles  S.  of  Ionia. 
177 


West  Sen'eca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wert 
Seneca  township,  near  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad, 
a  few  miles  8.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad.  Pop. 
3446,     It  contains  a  village  named  Eoenezer. 

West  Shefford,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Yamaska  River,  and  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  A 
Chambly  Railway,  8  miles  W.  of  Waterloo.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  several  stores  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

West  Shel'by,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
32  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo. 

West  Shenan'go,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.   P.  357. 

West  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  42  miles  E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  » 
church. 

West  Sho'kan,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Side,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  IJ  miles  W,  of  Indianapolis. 

West  Side,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  in 
West  Side  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Denison,  It  has  a  steam  grist- 
mill, 5  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop 
about  500;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1658, 

West  Side,  a  post-office  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 

West  Side,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  is  a  branch 
of  the  Cleveland  post-office. 

West  Side  of  Lochaber,  loK-4'b§r,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Antigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Lochaber  Lake,  18 
miles  from  Antigonish.     Pop.  200. 

West  Sid'ney,  a  post-offioe  of  Kennebeo  oo..  Me.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

West's  Mill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles 
E,  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West's  Mill,  a  post- village  of  Seward  co.,  Neb,,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  Blue  River,  about  30  miles  W,S.W.  of  Lin- 
coln.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

West's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  oo.,  N.C,  on 
Cowee  Creek,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Walhalla.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

West's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  and  a 
manufactory  of  salt-boxes. 

West  Somers,  siim'§rz,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Newburg. 

West  Somerset,  sttm'^r-set,  a  post-office  of  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles-N.  by  E.  of  Lockport. 

West  Sonora,  Indiana.    See  Deer  Creek. 

West  Sono'ra,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harrison  township, 
Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Dayton  with 
Richmond,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  South'port,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me. 

West  Spar'ta,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  1208. 

West  Spring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo..  Pa., 
5  miles  from  Spring  Creek,  and  about  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Corry.     It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Spring'field,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  oo., 
Mass.,  in  West  Springfield  township,  on  the  Connecticut 
River,  opposite  Springfield,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 

2  bridges.  It  is  on  the  Boston  <k  Albany  Railroad.  It  haa 
several  churches  and  a  high  school.  Its  post-office  is  2 
miles  from  Springfield,  The  township,  which  oontains  the 
village  of  Mittineague,  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  on  the  S,  by  the  Agawam.  It  has 
manufactures  of  paper  and  cotton  cloth.     P.  (1890)  6077. 

West  Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Sullivan  co,,  N.H.,  about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church. 

West  Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Erie  co..  Pa.,  near  Conneaut  Creek,  2  miles  from  Lake 
Erie,  and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

West's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Big  Black  River  and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  43t[  miles  S.  of  Grenada. 

West  Stafford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stafford  township, 
Tollawl  CO.,  Conn.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford,  and 

3  miles  from  Stafford  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  centring-machines,  mowing-machines,  and 
chucks. 

West  Stephentown,  ste'v^n-tSwn,  a  post-hamkt  of 
Rensselaer  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  Jt  hai 
a  church. 

West  Ster'ling,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sterling  township^ 


WES 


2810 


WES 


Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  3^  miles  from  Sterling  Kailroad  Sta- 
tion, and  14  miles  N.  of  Worcester.     It  has  a  pottery. 

West  Stew'artstown^  a  post-iiamlet  of  Coos  oo., 
N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  42  miles  N.  of  Lan- 
caster.    It  has  a  church. 

West  Stock'bridge^  a  post-village  in  West  Stock- 
bridge  township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Great  Barrington.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
savings-bank.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  flour, 
pig-iron,  and  lime,  and  quarries  of  marble.  The  Boston  <fc 
Albany  Railroad  touches  the  N.W.  part  of  the  township. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1981. 

West  Stockbridge  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield. 

West  Stock'holm,  a  post-village  in  Stockholm  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.i.,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  about 
30  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  2  butter-factories,  a  starch-factory,  a  foundry,  a 
saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  carriages, 
iron-ware,  farming-implements,  <fcc. 

West  Stony  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Lake  George. 

West  Stough'ton,  a  post-ofiice  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass. 

West  Street,  a  station  of  the  Rockville  Branch  of  the 
Connecticut  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Rock- 
ville Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Rockville,  Conn. 

West  Suf'field,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
in  Suffield  township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has 
2  churches. 

West  Sul'Iivan,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me. 

West  Sum'mit,  a  village  on  the  Passaic  &  Delaware 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

West  Sum'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Sumner  township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  1 
or  2  churches. 

West  Sump'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mioh., 
in  Sumpter  township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  New  Boston. 

West  Sunbury,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Sunbuky, 

West  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Sutton  township,  11  miles  S.  of  Worcester. 

West  Swanzey,  swSn'ze,  a  post-village  in  Swanzey 
township,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Ashuelot  River  and 
the  Ashuelot  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Keene.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  beavers,  boxes,  pails,  and 
buckets. 

West  Swe'den,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Brockport.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Sweden,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Wis. 

West  Taghkanick,  tSk'hon-ik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a 
ehurch. 

West  Thompson,  tomp'89n,  a  post-village  of  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Norwich  A  Worcester  Railroad,  2i 
miles  N.  of  Putnam,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  cabinet-organs. 

West  Thorn'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Pemigewasset  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Plymouth. 

West  Tisbury,  tiz'b^r-e,  a  post-village  of  Dukes  co., 
Mass.,  in  Tisbury  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Edgartown.  It 
has  several  churches. 

West  Tole'do,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  about 
6  miles  from  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  wine,  ploughs,  barrels,  and  picture-frames. 

West  Topsham,  tops'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier.    It  has  a  church. 

West  Town,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Middle- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     P.  about  200. 

Westtown  (Street  Road  Post-Office),  a  township  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  23  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  Pop.  818. 
It  contains  a  large  and  flourishing  boarding-school,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  with  accommoda- 
tions for  about  250  scholars. 

West  Towns'end,  a  post-village  in  Townsend  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Peterborough  <fc  Shirley 
Branch  Railroad,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Lowell.    Pop.  529. 

West  Townshend,  tSwnz'end,  a  post  village  of  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Vt.,  in  Townshend  township,  on  West  River,  about 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  grist-mill,  4  stores,  and  nearly  40  dwellings. 

West  Town'ship,  a  post-hamlet  in  Knox  township, 
Albany  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Albany. 

West  Tre^mont',  a  post-office  of  Hancock  oo.,  Me., 
Bear  the  S.W.  coast  of  Mount  Desert  Island. 


West  Tren'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  Me, 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

West  Troupsbnrg,  troops'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  16  miles  S.  of  Canisteo. 

West  Troy,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Yandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  St. 
Louis. 

West  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa. 

West  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  about  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 

West  Troy,  a  post-town  in  Watervliet  township,  Al- 
bany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Troy,  and 
on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Albany.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  or  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  large  national  arsenal.  It  has  a 
woollen-mill,  several  planing-mills,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  bells,  carriages,  iron  castings,  stoves,  and  hinges. 
Pop.  in  1890,  12.967. 

West  Tu'rin,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.   P.  1844. 

West  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  111., 
at  Union. 

West  Union,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Fayette  oo., 
Iowa,  in  West  Union  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  De- 
corah.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapid^ 
&  Northern  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Independence,  and 
also  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  undulating  prairie,  and  con- 
tains 5  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  3  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1676. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Norton  oo.,  Kansas. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

West  Union,  a  post-township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.,  18 
miles  from  Melrose.     Pop.  335. 

West  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  7  milea 
N.  of  West  Line.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Union,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  45  miles  W.  of  El- 
mira.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1264. 

West  Union,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  0., 
in  Tiffin  township,  about  33  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  the  Ohio  River.  It  is  situated  on  a 
ridge  several  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  that  river. 
It  contains  a  stone  court-house,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Or«gon. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

West  Union,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Doddridge  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Middle  Island  Creek  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  54  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

West  Unity,  yu'n^-te,  a  post-village  in  Brady  town- 
ship, Williams  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mansfield  &  Coldwater  Rail- 
road, 50  miles  W.  of  Toledo,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bryan. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

West  Up'ton,  a  post-village  in  Upton  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has 
a  church,  a  shoe-factory,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  ladies' 
and  children's  straw  hats  and  bonnets,  employing  400  per- 
sons or  more. 

West'vale,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Concord  township,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  3  mile» 
W.  of  Concord,  and  i  mile  from  West  Concord  Junction. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  flannel  (cotton  and  wool). 

West  ValMey,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ashford  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  W.  of  Machias.  It  has  2 
churches. 

West  Vien'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Vienna  township,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on 
the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  13i  miles  N.W. 
of  Oneida.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  113. 

West  View,  vu,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ossian  township,  7i  miles  E.  of  Nunda.    It  has  a  saw-mil> 

West  View,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

West  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  4  milea 
N.  of  Alleghany  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  View,  a  hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Swoope's  Depot.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  foundry. 

West  View,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  oo.,  Va.,  88 
miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

West'ville,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  New 
Haven.  It  is  situated  at  the  southern  base  of  West  Rock, 
which  presents  a  precipice  about  300  feet  high.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  public  school,  3  paper-mills,  and  manu* 
factures  of  matches,  auger-bits,  fruit-baskets,  Ac. 


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Westville,  a  post-ofBce  of  Vermilion  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Westville,  a  post-village  in  New  Durham  township, 
La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <k  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  2  miles  from  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad, 
12J  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
La  Porte.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  sohool,  a  chair-fao- 
tory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  640. 

Westville,  a  post-village  in  Day  township,  Montcalm 
00.,  Mich.,  4^  miles  N.  of  Stanton.     It  has  2  churches,  a 

?laning-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles, 
op.  about  250. 

Westville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Simpson  co..  Miss., 
40  miles  S.S.R.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons. 

Westville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Muscle  River,  about  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brunswick,  It  has 
a  church. 

Westville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  has  a 
church. 

Westville,  a  hamlet  in  Westville  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a 
church.  Here  is  West  Constable  Post-Offiee.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1722. 

Westville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about  6 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  sev- 
eral mills. 

Westville,  a  post-village  in  Mad  River  township, 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Urbana 
with  Piqua,  4  miles  W.  of  Urbana.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Westville,  a  station  in  Preble  oo.,  0.,  on  the  railroad 
between  Eaton  and  Richmond,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  the 
latter. 

West'ville,  a  post- village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  3 
miles  from  Albion  Mines.  It  contains  3  hotels  and  a  num- 
ber of  stores.  Extensive  coal-mines  are  worked  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  1000. 

Westville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo., 
N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malone.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  starch-factory. 

West  Vin'cent,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.     Pop.  1256. 

West  Virginia,  v^r-jin'e-a,  an  E.  central  state  of  the 
American  Union,  lying  in  the  Appalachian  region,  and 
bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland,  E.  by  Penn- 
sylvania and  Maryland,  S.E.  by  Virginia,  S.W.  by  Virginia 
and  Kentucky,  and  N.W.  by  Ohio.  Area,  24,780  square 
miles.  It  is  very  irregular  in  outline,  and  sends  out  to  the 
northward  a  narrow  point  between  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania, 
known  as  the  Panhandle.  From  Ohio  it  is  separated  by 
the  Ohio  River,  from  Kentucky  by  the  Sandy  and  its  Tug 
Fork,  from  Maryland  for  the  most  part  by  the  Potomac, 
and  from  Virginia  by  a  series  of  mountain-ranges. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Much  of  the  surface  is  mountainous, 
being  traversed  by  numbers  of  parallel  ridges  of  the  Ap- 
nalachian  Mountains,  such  as  the  Cheat,  Laurel,  Green- 
»rier,  Cancanon,  Cowpasture,  Flat  Top,  Rich,  Briery,  Gauley, 
Birch,  Sewell,  and  Meadow  Mountains.  These  ridges  are 
generally  fertile  to  the  top,  with  wooded  sides ;  and  often 
there  are  splendid  flat  natural  meadows  or  glades  upon  the 
mountain-tops.  In  some  cases  the  mountains  rise  in  sheer 
cliflFs  of  sandstone,  as  at  points  along  the  New  and  Gauley 
Rivers.  The  wild  and  inspiring  mountain-scenery  of  this 
state  arouses  the  enthusiasm  of  every  tourist. 

Rivers. — The  Ohio,  Sandy,  Great  and  Little  Kanawha, 
Coal,  Monongahela,  Tygart's  Valley,  and  some  other  rivers 
are  navigable  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  most  of  them 
having  been  artificially  improved.  Among  the  principal 
streams  are  the  Greenbrier,  New,  Elk,  Cheat,  Gauley,  Ca- 
capon,  and  Shenandoah  Rivers,  and  the  various  forks  of 
the  Potomac. 

Oeology. — More  than  two-thirds  of  the  area  of  the  state 
is  overlaid  by  the  coal  measures;  and  although  the  remain- 
ing third  (comprising  the  counties  bordering  on  Virginia)  is 
mainly  of  the  Silurian  and  Devonian  ages,  yet  even  here 
there  are  detached  beds  of  the  carboniferous,  containing 
some  of  the  most  valuable  coals  in  the  state.  Such  are  the 
semi-bituminous  coals  of  Hampshire  co.  There  are  re- 
ported beds  of  anthracite  in  Hampshire  and  Morgan  cos. 
But  the  principal  coals  of  the  state  are  bituminous,  and  are 
found  in  all  the  counties  westward  of  the  easterly  front  of 
the  main  Alleghany,  Greenbrier,  and  Great  Flat  Top  Moun- 
tains. The  coals  are  all  excellent,  and  are  almost  every- 
where abundant.  The  coal  field  covers  16,000  square  miles, 
and  includes  all  but  six  of  the  fifty-four  counties.     It  is 


considerably  larger  than  that  of  Pennsylvania.  At  present 
mining  operations  are  conducted  on  a  commercial  scale  ia 
only  sixteen  counties.  The  output  of  coal  in  1889,  accord- 
ing to  the  eleventh  censoa,  was  6,231,880  tons,  and  the 
annual  production  of  coke  amounts  to  1,000,000  tons.  West 
Virginia  now  ranks  fourth  in  the  quantity  of  coal  mined, 
and  is  surpassed  only  by  Pennsylvania  in  the  produc- 
tion of  coke.  Petroleum  is  extensively  produced,  prin- 
cipally in  the  cos.  of  Ritchie,  Pleasants,  Wood,  and  Wirt. 
Ritchie  co.  has  a  valuable  lode  of  grahamite,  much  used  m 
a  gas-enricher.  Salt  may  be  obtained  in  any  desired 
amount  from  the  natural  brines  of  this  state.  There  are 
extensive  deposits  of  iron  ore  and  limestone.  Glass-sand, 
black  flint,  fire-clays,  kaolin,  and  ores  of  copper,  lead,  tine, 
and  nickel  are  among  West  Virginia's  inexhaustible  min- 
eral treasures ;  and  she  has  also  marble,  breccia,  alum,  py- 
rites, and  nitrous  earths  and  oil-bearing  shales  in  abun- 
dance. Among  her  numerous  and  widely  useful  mineral 
waters  are  the  Parkersburg  wells,  Shannondale  Springs, 
Capon  Springs,  Berkeley  Springs,  Red  Sulphur  Springs, 
Sweet  Springs,  Salt  Sulphur  Springs,  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  and  Blue  Sulphur  Springs,  the  last-mentioned 
having  a  world-wide  reputation. 

Forests. — A  large  part  of  West  Virginia  is  still  densely 
covered  with  primeval  forests  of  oak,  hemlock,  ash,  tulip, 
walnut,  poplar,  cherry,  locust,  chestnut,  and  other  noble 
timber  trees.  The  lumber-product  is  very  considerable,  bat 
is  capable  of  being  greatly  extended  when  railroads  shall 
have  made  the  timber  more  accessible.  Among  the  forest- 
products  are  charcoal,  tanners'  bark,  sumach,  Ac.  This 
state  furnishes  a  large  supply  of  ginseng  and  other  ononl- 
tivated  medicinal  plants. 

Agriculture. — Not  only  the  valleys  but  the  hillsides 
and  ridges  are  generally  fertile,  and  the  mountain-glades 
afi'ord  admirable  pasturage.  The  southeastern  valleys 
abound  in  rich  blue-grass ;  and  the  Panhandle  is,  for  its 
area,  one  of  the  richest  agricultural  tracts  in  the  United 
States.  West  Virginia  is  especially  famous  for  her  wool, 
and  every  crop  of  the  northern  and  middle  sections  of  the 
country  thrives  here.  The  great  staples  are  com,  wheat, 
oats,  and  tobacco.  Fruit  does  finely  here,  and  the  prepara- 
tion of  dried  fruits  is  a  profitable  occupation.  For  silk> 
and  grape-culture  the  climate  appears  to  to  be  unsurpassed. 

Manufactures. — In  1890  the  product  of  pig-iron  was 
108,764  tons,  and  there  were  183,225  tons  of  steel  manu- 
factured. Glass,  leather,  lumber,  salt,  cooperage,  boats, 
spirits,  tobacco-products,  lime,  refined  oil,  carriages,  wagons, 
shoes,  woollens,  and  saddlery  are  the  other  leading  articles 
of  manufacture.  Home-made  fabrics  are  produced  to  a 
considerable  extent.  As  yet,  manufactures  are  compara- 
tively undeveloped,  except  in  the  Ohio  River  towns.  The 
water-power  of  the  state  is  very  extensive. 

Eailrouds,  &c. — In  1 850  there  were  97  miles  in  what  is 
now  this  state;  in  1860,  352  miles;  in  1865,  365  miles;  in 
1870,  387  miles;  in  1875,  615  miles;  in  1880,  694  miles; 
in  1885,  1038  miles;  in  1890,  1433  miles.  A  large  part 
of  the  state  is  entirely  without  railroads,  but  the  carriage- 
roads  are  very  generally  well  constructed.  Wheeling  and 
Parkersburg  are  the  chief  seats  of  the  river-trade. 

Counties. — The  state  is  divided  into  54  counties,  as  fol- 
lows; Barbour,  Berkeley,  Boone,  Baxter,  Brooke,  Cabell, 
Calhoun,  Clay,  Doddridge,  Fayette,  Gilmer,  Grant,  Green- 
brier, Hampshire,  Hancock,  Hardy,  Harrison,  Jackson, 
Jefl'erson,  Kanawha,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Logan,  McDowell, 
Marion,  Marshall,  Mason,  Mercer,  Mineral,  Monongali*, 
Monroe,  Morgan,  Nicholas,  Ohio,  Pendleton,  Pleasants, 
Pocahontas,  Preston,  Putnam,  Raleigh,  Randolph,  Ritchie, 
Roane,  Summers,  Taylor,  Tucker,  Tyler,  Upshur,  Wayne, 
Webster,  Wetzel,  Wirt,  Wood,  and  Wyoming. 

The  Principal  Towns  and  Cities  are  Wheeling,  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  commerce  and  manufactures  (pop.  in  1880, 
30,737;  in  1890,  34,522);  the  Ohio  River  towns  of  Hun- 
tington (pop.  1890,  10,108),  Parkersburg  (8408),  and 
Moundsville  (2688) ;  and  the  interior  towns  of  Charleston, 
the  capital  (6742),  Grafton  (3159),  Clarksburg  (3008),  Ben- 
wood  (2934),  Hinton  (2670),  New  Cumberland  (2305), 
Charlestown  (2287),  Wellsburg  (2235),  Keyser  (2165), 
Weston  (2143),  besides  Morgantown,  Romney,  Harper's 
Ferry,  and  other  places  of  considerable  importance. 

Qovernment,  <tc. — The  governor,  principal  executive  offi- 
cers, and  senators  are  elected  by  the  people  for  the  term  of 
four  years.  The  legislature  consists  of  a  senate  of  24  and 
a  house  of  delegates  of  65  members.  Voters  most  have  re- 
sided one  year  in  the  state  and  60  days  in  the  county  where 
the  vote  is  cast.  All  important  judicial  officers  are  elected 
by  the  people  for  definite  terms  of  service.  There  is  a  state 
penitentiary  at  Moundsville,  an  insane  asylum  at  Weston« 


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and  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind  at 
Romney. 

Education. — Free  schools  are  provided  for  by  statute,  and 
are  maintained  by  the  income  of  a  school  fund  and  the  pro- 
ceeds of  local  taxation.  Separate  schools  must  be  provided 
for  colored  pupils.  There  are  state  and  county  superintend- 
ents of  free  schools.  Marshall  College,  at  Huntington,  is 
,  the  state  normal  school,  with  branches  at  Fairmont,  Con- 
cord Church,  West  Liberty,  Shepherdstown,  and  Glenville. 
It  is  understood,  however,  that  the  school  system  is  un- 
popular and  ineffective.  West  Virginia  University,  at  Mor- 
gantown,  is  a  state  institution.  Bethany  College,  at  Beth- 
any (Disciples),  and  West  Virginia  College,  at  Flemington 
(Free  Baptist),  are  schools  of  good  reputation.  There  are 
also  many  Roman  Catholic  schools. 

History. — In  consequence  of  the  passage  of  the  ordinance 
of  secession  by  Virginia  in  1861,  the  people  of  the  western 
section  of  the  state  at  once  took  measures  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  new  state  government.  In  this  section  slavery 
never  had  a  strong  foothold.  There  was  a  long-standing 
political  jealousy  towards  the  people  of  the  remainder  of 
Virginia,  and  a  large  majority  of  the  people  were  friends 
of  the  national  cause.  In  1861  a  constitution  was  framed, 
in  1862  it  was  accepted  by  the  people  and  by  Congress,  and 
in  1863  West  Virginia  began  her  existence  as  a  new  state. 
Several  active  campaigns  were  fought  here  during  the  war 
of  1861-65,  in  which  contest  the  people  of  this  state  bore 
an  active  part  on  the  national  side. 

The  Population  of  what  is  now  West  Virginia,  in  1860, 
was  376,688,  of  whom  18,371  were  slaves ;  pop.  in  1870, 
442,014;  in  1880,  618,457;  in  1890,  762,794. 

West  Walworth,  w51'w9rth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches. 

We  St' ward  Ho,  a  watering-place  of  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, in  Bideford  Bay.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  and  the  United 
Service  College,  which  was  opened  in  1875. 

West  Wards  borough,  wardz'biir-riih,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Wardsborough  township,  Windham  oo.,  Vt,,  about  32 
miles  E,N,E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2 
lumber-mills. 

West  Ware,  a  station  in  Hampshire  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Springfield. 

West  Wareham,  Plymouth  co,,  Mass.    See  Tremont. 

West  War'ren,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
In  Warren  township,  on  the  Chicopee  River  and  the  Boston 
&  Albany  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  edge-tools. 

West  Warren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y. 

West  Washington,  wSsh'ing-tpn,  a  post-office  of 
Knox  CO.,  Me.,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Augusta. 

West  Wat'erford,  a  village  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Sar- 
atoga Railroad,  10^  miles  N.  of  Albany,  N.Y.     Pop.  441. 

West  Waterford,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
about  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

West  Wat'erville,  now  Oakland,  a  post-village  in 
West  Waterville  township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Somerset  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.  of  Waterville,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Augusta.  It  is  at  the  N.  end  of  a  lake  which  is  nearly  7 
miles  long.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  has  a 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  axes,  scythes,  carriages, 
chairs,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2044. 

West  Watson,  Allegan  oo.,  Mich.    See  Abeonia. 

West  Web'ster,  a  post-village  in  Webster  township, 
Monroe  oo.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Webster,  and  about  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

West'wego,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Westwezel,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  WCstwezel. 

West  Wheat'field,  a  township  of  Indiana  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1318. 

West  Wheel'ing,  a  village  in  Pultney  township,  Bel- 
mont CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  nearly  opposite  Wheeling. 
Pop.  in  1890,  574. 

West  White'land,  a  post-township  of  Chester  cc, 
Pa.     Pop.  1177.    West  Whiteland  Post-Office  is  at  Oakland. 

West  Wichita,  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     See  Delano. 

West  Williamsfield,  wil'yamz-feeld,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Youngstown. 

West  Wil'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Willimantic  River  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Willimantic.  It 
bas  a  church. 


West  Wil'low,  a  station  of  the  Quarryville  Branch 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Lancaster,  Pa. 

West  Willow,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa. 

West  Wil'ton,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Manchester. 

West  Win'chester,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  On- 
tario, 18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morrisburg,  and  16  miles  E.  of 
Osgoode.  It  contains  several  stores,  and  a  grist-  and  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  260. 

West  Windham,  wind' am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad,  6^ 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashua.     Pop.  about  200. 

West  Windham,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa., 
about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira. 

West  Windsor,  win'z9r,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  about  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 

West  Windsor,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.    See  Sevastopol. 

West  Windsor,  township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.     P.  1428. 

West  Windsor,  or  Still'son  Hollow,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Broome  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Windsor  township,  8  miles  E. 
of  Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  S 
miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield,  and  1  mile  from  Windsor  Station. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

West  Windsor,  township,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.    Pop.  708. 

West  Win'field,  a  post-village  in  Winfield  township, 
Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  West- 
ern Railroad,  21  miles  (16  miles  by  carriage-road)  S.  of 
Utica.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  national  bank,  2  grist-mills,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  sash,  blinds,  &c.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township 
is  intersected  by  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad,  and  contains 
a  marble-quarry.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1177. 

West  Win'sted,  a  post-village  in  Winchester  town- 
ship, Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  contiguous  to  Winsted,  on  the 
Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Waterbury, 
and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
borough  of  Winsted.  It  has  gas-works  and  water-works,  2 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  manufactures  of 
pocket-  and  table-cutlery,  edge-tools,  scythes,  hoes,  leather, 
carriage-springs,  cabinet  hardware,  Ac.  Pop.  about  2500. 
Here  is  a  lake  which  is  3  miles  long,  at  an  elevation  of 
150  feet  above  the  village,  and  furnishes  abundant  water- 
power. 

West  Win'terport,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Bangor. 

West'wood,  a  post-office  of  Kalkaska  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  43^  miles  S.  of 
Petoskey. 

WestAVOod,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  <t  New  York  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  New  York. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Westwood,  a  village  in  Green  township,  Hamilton 
CO.,  0.,  is  a  suburb  of  Cincinnati,  adjacent  to  Cheviot,  and 
containing  Cheviot  Post-Office,  about  3  miles  N.W.  from 
the  central  part  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1050. 

West'wood,  or  As'phodel,  a  post-village  in  Peter- 
borough CO.,  Ontario,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Keene,  and  23  miles 
E.  of  Peterborough.  It  contains  a  store  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop. 100. 

West  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Woodstock  town- 
ship, Windham  co..  Conn.,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  ponds,  high  hills,  and  wild  gorges, 
and  commands  an  extensive  view.  West  Woodstock  parish 
contains  5  churches,  13  lumber-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a 
manufactory  of  cassimere. 

West  Wood'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
2  miles  from  Level  Station,  and  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Cin 
cinnati.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  72. 

West  WoolAVich,  Ontario.     See  Elmira. 

West  Wor'thington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worthington 
township,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Ktts- 
field.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

West  Wren'tham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  16  miles  N.  of  Providence. 

West  Wynnton,  win'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co., 

West  Yarmouth,  yar'mQth,  a  post-village  of  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  in  Yarmouth  township,  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  2i  miles  from  Hyannis,  and  about  40  miles  B.  of 
New  Bedford.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  400. 

West  York,  a  station  and  hamlet  on  the  Paris  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  15i  miles  S.  of  Marshall,  111. 

West  York'shire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugua  co., 


WES 


2813 


WEX 


N.T.,  on  Cattaraugus  Creel;,  2  miles  from  Yorkshire  Sta- 
tion, which  is  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Westzaan,  w£st'z&n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Ncrth  Holland,  9  miles"  N.E.  of  Haarlem,  on  the  Y.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2448. 

West  Zanesville^  zanz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Mus- 
kingum CO.,  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  opposite  Zanes- 
ville,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  is  the 
8th  ward  of  Zanesville.  Here  are  workshops  of  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  1744. 

Wetaag,  we'tawg,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has 
a  church,  a  fiouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wet  Glaze,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Camden  co.,  Mo. 

Weth'erby,  a  town  and  chapelry  of  England,  oo.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Wharfe,  with  a  station  on  the 
York  <k  Harrogate  Railway,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Harrogate. 
Pop.  1657. 

Weth^ered'ville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  350. 

Weth'ersfield,  a  post-village  in  Wethersfield  town- 
ship, Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  a  plain  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad, 
3i  miles  S.  of  Hartford.  The  Connecticut  state  prison  is 
located  here.  The  village  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  <feo.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2271. 

Wethersfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wethersfield  township, 
Henry  co..  111.,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  about  1 
mile  S.  of  Kewanee.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1247. 

Wethersfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wethersfield  town- 
ship, Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Roches- 
ter.   It  has  a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  170  ;  of  township,  1259. 

Wethersfield  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  and  about  38  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wetluga,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vetlooga. 

Wet'more,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co..  Col.,  about  25 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pueblo.  It  has  a  custom-mill  and  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  about  75. 

Wetmore,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Nemaha  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  42 
miles  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  350 ; 
of  the  township,  522. 

Wetmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Scioto 
township,  on  the  Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Scioto  Valley 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Wetmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Warren. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  pail-factory.  Pop.  of  township,  721. 

Weto'na,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Wetona,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Wetter,  ♦St't^r,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  after  a 
S.W.  and  S.  course  of  35  miles,  joins  the  Nidda. 

Wet'ter,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  is  between  lat.  57°  50'  and 
58°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  14°  and  15°  E.,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lake 
Wener,  and  enclosed  by  the  laens  of  Mariestad,  Jonkoping, 
Linkoping,  and  Orebro.  Length,  80  miles ;  average  breadth, 
10  miles.  Height  above  the  sea,  295  feet.  In  some  places 
it  is  70  fathoms  deep,  and  it  is  often  agitated  by  storms  and 
gudden  variations  in  its  level,  but  it  is  of  high  utility  for 
internal  traffic,  being  connected  by  a  canal  with  Lake 
Wener,  by  which  and  the  Motala  River,  serving  as  an  out- 
let for  its  surplus  waters  on  the  E.,  it  completes  the  inland 
navigation  between  the  Baltic  Sea  and  the  Cattegat. 

Wetter,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hesse-Cassel,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Ohm,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1129. 

Wetter,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Westphalia,  on  the 
Ruhr,  near  Arnsberg.     Pop.  2933. 

Wet'ter,  or  Wetta,  wSt'ti,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  30  miles  N.  of  Timor.  Lat.  of  the  town  of 
Sau,  on  the  S.E.  side,  8°  5'  S.;  Ion.  126°  12'  E.  Length, 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  60  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles. 

Wetteren,  ♦Jt't^h-r^n,  a  market-town  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  8  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ghent,  on  the  railway  to  Mechlin.  Pop.  9358.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  cottons. 

Wetterhorn,  ♦fit't^r-honn*  ("peak  of  tempests"),  one 
of  the  Alpine  Mountains  of  the  Bernese  Oberland,  Swit- 
lerland,  between  the  valleys  of  Hasli  and  Grindelwald,  N. 
of  the  Schreckhom.     Height,  12,162  feet. 

Wettin,  ♦fit-teen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Saale,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Halle.  Pop.  3399.  It  has  an  ancient 
castle,  and  manufactures  of  chiccory,  tobacco,  and  oil. 


Wettingen,  ♦it'ting-^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Aargau,  in  a  plain,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Baden. 

Wettolsheim,  ♦fit'tols-hime^  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Alsace,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1485. 

Wetumpka,  we-tump'kah,  a  post-town,  capital  of  El- 
more CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Coosa  River,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation,  15  miles  N.N.E,  of  Montgomery.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  seminaries,  and  the  state 
penitentiary.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Wetumpka  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  southeastward,  and 
enters  Euchee  Creek  in  Russell  co. 

Wet'zel,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which 
separates  it  from  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  is  drained  by  Fish- 
ing Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  tulip- 
tree,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  lumber, 
butter,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
is  found  here.  The  N.E.  comer  of  this  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Ohio  River 
Railroad  passes  along  its  western  border.  Capital,  New 
Martinsville.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,896;  in  1890,  16,841. 

Wetzel,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  the  Paris  & 
Danville  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Wetzlar,  ♦Sts'lar,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Lahn.  Pop.  6837.  It 
was  formerly  a  free  city  of  the  empire.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
and  manufactures  of  leather,  gloves,  and  hosiery. 

Wevelghem,  ♦i'v^l-ghfim^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Menin.     Pop.  4019. 

Wevelinghofen,  ♦i'v^h-ling-ho^f^n,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2646. 

We'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Bur- 
lington.    It  has  a  church. 

We'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Washington  County  Branch,  24  miles 
S.  of  Hagerstown,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  •  It 
has  2  churches. 

We'vertown,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Johnsburg  township,  49  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Wewahitch'ka,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla. 

We  Wo  Ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Seminole  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  70  miles  from  Eufaula.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wex'ford,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  in  the  S.  part 
of  Leinster,  having  on  the  E.  and  S.  the  Irish  Sea  and  St. 
George's  Channel.  Area,  901  sq.  m.  Pop.  in  1881, 123,854; 
in  1891,  111,778.  The  surface,  hilly  or  mountainous  in  the 
N.W.,  declines  to  a  level  plain  along  the  coast.  The  Slaney 
intersects  the  county  in  its  centre.  Limestone  is  the  chief 
mineral  product.  The  fisheries  are  of  importance.  The 
Southeastern  Railway  is  prolonged  throughout  the  valley 
of  the  Slaney,  past  Wexford  and  Enniscorthy,  which,  with 
New  Ross,  Gorey,  and  Newtown-Barry,  are  the  principal 
towns.     It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wexford,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Slaney,  where  it 
expands  into  Wexford  Harbor  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge 
733  feet  in  length,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Enniscorthy,  and  64 
miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  in  1891,  11,545.  Much  of  the 
town  consists  of  narrow,  crooked,  and  dirty  lanes ;  but  the 
quay  and  one  or  two  other  streets  are  lined  with  good  houses. 
Here  are  some  remains  of  ancient  walls,  of  an  abbey,  and 
other  ecclesiastical  edifices.  Wexford  has  Protestant,  di- 
ocesan, and  other  schools,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  several 
banks,  some  malting  establishments,  ship-building  docks, 
and  an  active  export  trade  in  cattle,  dairy  and  agricultural 
produce,  timber,  tallow,  hides,  cotton  yarn  and  wool,  to- 
bacco, and  provisions.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  Houso 
of  Commons. 

Wex'ford,  a  county  of  Michigan,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  lower  peninsula,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Manistee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Pine  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  potatoes, 
<&c.,  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  b; 
the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  and  by  the  Toledo, 
Ann  Arbor  A  North  Michigan  Railway.  Capital,  Cadillac. 
Pop.  in  1870,  650;  in  1880,  6815;  in  1890,  11,278. 

Wexford,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  219. 

Wexford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hanover  township,  Wex'- 
ford CO.,  Mich.,  6  miles  N.  of  Sherman.    Here  is  a  ohoreh* 


WEX 


2S14 


WHA 


Wexford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  Pine 
township,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wex'ford,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  about  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Wexio,  or  Vexio,  ♦Sk'she-o,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capi- 
tal of  the  laen  of  Kronoberg,  on  Lake  Sodre,  60  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Kalmar.  Pop.  4311.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral, 
a  college  with  a  library  of  15,000  volumes  and  cabinets  of 
medals,  manufiictures  of  carpets,  and  several  important 
annual  fairs. 

Wey,  wi,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  after  a  S.E. 
course,  enters  the  English  Channel  between  Weymouth  and 
Melcombe-Regis. 

Wey,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Hants  and  Surrey, 
rises  near  Selborne,  flows  N.E.  past  Godalming,  Guildford, 
and  Weybridge,  and  joins  the  Thames  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Chertsey.     Length,  40  miles.  *- 

Weyanoke,  wi'an-ok,  a  post-office  of  Charles  City  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Weyauwega,  wi^aw-we'gah,  a  post-village  in  Weyau- 
wega  township,  Waupaca  oo..  Wis.,  on  the  outlet  of  White 
Lake,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin Central  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Menasha,  and 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  water-power,  a  bank,  3 
or  more  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  high 
school,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  815;  of  the 
township,  498  additional. 

Weybridge  (wa'brij)  Lower  Falls,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Middle- 
bury.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  beautiful  scenery. 

Weyda,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Weida. 

Weyer,  ^i'^r  or  wire,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria, 
on  the  Ens,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Steyer.  Pop.  1200,  mostly 
employed  in  ii-on-  and  steel-manufactories. 

Weyer's  (wi'^rz)  Cave,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  is  5  miles  from  the 
celebrated  cave  of  this  name. 

Weyersheim,  ^I'^rs-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  vA^yias'Sm'),  a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  10  miles  N.  of  Strasburg. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2195. 

Weymouth  (wi'muth)  with  Mel'combe-Re'gis, 
a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough  and  seaport  of 
England,  co.  of  Dorset,  comprising  the  town  and  parish  of 
Weymouth  and  the  town  and  parish  of  Melcombe-Regis,  the 
former  on  the  S.  and  the  latter  on  the  N.  side  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Wey,  which  forms  the  port,  3  miles  N.  of  the  Isle 
of  Portland,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Dorchester.  Lat.  of  Wey- 
mouth, 50°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  26'  W.  Pop.  of  Weymouth,  5007 ; 
of  Melcombe-Regis,  8252.  (See  Melcombe-Regis.)  Wey- 
mouth is  old  and  indifferently  built.  The  towns  communi- 
cate by  a  stone  bridge  of  two  arches,  with  a  swing  in  the 
centre  to  admit  shipping,  and  Melcombe-Regis  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  London  &  Southwestern  Railway.  The  har- 
bor has  about  14  feet  of  water  at  high  tides ;  small  vessels 
only  can  lie  close  to  the  quays,  but  there  is  good  anchorage 
in  the  bay  in  7  Qr  8  fathoms  of  water.  Some  ship-building 
and  rope-  and  sail-making  are  carried  on.  Portland  stone, 
tiles,  bricks,  and  Roman  cement  are  exported.  Weymouth 
is  the  station  of  the  mail-packets  for  Guernsey,  to  which  it 
is  the  nearest  English  port,  70  miles  distant.  The  climate 
is  very  suitable  for  invalids,  being  equable,  and  sufficiently 
mild  in  winter  for  geraniums  and  myrtles  to  flourish  in  the 
open  air.  Weymouth  is  the  seat  of  a  medico-chirurgical 
society.  It  has  races  and  a  regatta  annually.  The  bor- 
ough sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Weymouth,  wi'muth,  a  post-village  in  Weymouth 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  a  savings-bank.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N, 
by  Massachusetts  Bay.  It  contains  other  villages,  named 
North  Weymouth,  South  Weymouth,  and  East  Weymouth, 
and  has  15  churches,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks, 
and  extensive  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  nails,  &c. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  10,866.  Weymouth  Village 
is  the  seat  of  Tuft's  Library,  with  15,000  vols. 

Weymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  May's 
Landing.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  manila  paper  mill. 

Weymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  17  miles  N.W,  of  Akron.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Weymouth,  w4'muth,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Digby,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sissiboo  River  into  St. 
Mary's  Bay,  opposite  New  Edenborough,  and  20  miles  from 
Digby.     The  inhabitants,   mostly   of  French    origin,   are 


principally  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  for  which  the  neigh« 
boring  waters  are  celebrated.  Weymouth  is  a  port  of  entry, 
and  contains  a  branch  bank,  several  ship-yards,  and  4  stores. 
Pop.  400.  About  1  mile  distant  is  the  village  of  Weymouth 
Bridge,  which  contains  several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding- 
mills,  and  7  or  8  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Wey'mouth  Cape,  Northeast  Australia,  is  in  lat.  12" 
37'  30"  S.,  Ion.  143°  27'  6"  E.     Height,  360  feet. 

Weypert,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Weipebt, 

Weyre,  wir  or  wir,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  dominions 
and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Bhurtpoor.  It  has  a  large  fort,  some 
sculptures,  and  a  Hindoo  college. 

Wezenberg,  wait's^n-bfiRS,  a  town  of  Rnssia,  govern- 
ment of  Esthonia,  capital  of  a  circle,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Revel.     Pop.  1560. 

Wezikon,  ♦fit'se-kon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  of  parish,  4260,  mostly 
weavers. 

Wha'lan,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Holt  township,  on  Root  River  and  the  Southern  Minnesota 
Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  an  elevator, 
a  flour-mill,  and  4  general  stores. 

Whale  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  main  range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  30'  N.,  Ion.  105°  51'  28" 
W.     It  has  an  altitude  of  13,104  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Wha'len,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Granton.     Pop.  180. 

Whale's  Back,  a  small  island  at  the  E.  side  of  the 
entrance  to  Portsmouth  harbor,  N.H.  On  it  is  a  light- 
house 68  feet  high,  containing  two  fixed  lights,  one  10  feet 
above  the  other.     Lat.  43°  2'  30"  N;  Ion.  70°  42'  45"  W. 

Wha'ley's,  a  station  in  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  division),  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Texarkana. 

Wha'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Wicomico  <fc  Pocomoke  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Salis- 
bury.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

WhaI'ley,  an  extensive  parish  of  England,  cos.  of  Lan- 
caster, Chester,  and  York,  on  the  Manchester  <k  Clitheroe 
Railway,  contains  the  borough  of  Clitheroe  and  3  market- 
towns  in  the  co,  of  Lancaster.  Pop.  192,532.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Liverpool  &  Leeds  Canal.  The  church,  a 
spacious  building,  with  fine  internal  decoration,  formerly 
belonged  to  an  abbey,  established  here  in  1296. 

Whallonsburg,  wha'Ipnz-bQrg,  a  post-village  of  Es- 
sex CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boquet  River  and  the  New  York  <fc 
Canada  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  3  miles  W. 
of  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  flour,  lumber,  sash,  &,o, 

Whal'say,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  5i  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.  Pop. 
854.  The  shores  are  rocky  and  deeply  indented.  The  soil 
is  among  the  most  productive  in  Shetland. 

Wham^po'a,  a  port  of  China,  on  an  island  of  the  same 
name,  12  miles  E.  of  Canton.  It  has  foundries,  machine- 
shops,  &o. 

Wharf  Point,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  Tomales 
Bay  and  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  41  miles  N.W. 
of  San  Francisco. 

Whar'ton,  a'county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Colorado  River,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  San  Bernard 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Mustang  Creek.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Victoria  division  of 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company's  lines.  Capital, 
Wharton.    Pop.  in  1870,  3426  ;  in  1880, 4549 ;  in  1890,  7584. 

Wharton  (formerly  Whartonsburg),  a  post-village 
of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleve- 
land Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Wharton,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1704. 

Wharton,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  E.  of  Emporium.     Pop.  287. 

Wharton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wharton  co..  Tex., 
on  the  Colorado  River,  about  52  miles  S.W.  of  Houston. 

What  Cheer,  a  coal-mining  city  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa, 
on  two  railroads,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has 
several  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  numerous  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  in  1880,  719 ;  in  1890,  3246. 

Whatcom,  what'kom,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Washington,  borders  on  British  Columbia.  Area,  estimated 
at  2468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Georgia,  and  intersected  by  the  Skagit  River.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  mountainous,  and  covered  with  extensive 
forests  of  fir,  cedar,  and  other  trees,  which  grow  to  a  tcreat 


WHA 


2815 


WHE 


•ize.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  Mount  Baker,  a 
peak  of  the  Cascade  Range,  rises  to  the  height  of  about 
10,000  feet.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wool,  but- 
ter, potatoes,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Besides  its 
immense  wealth  of  timber,  coal,  iron,  gold,  silver,  lead,  and 
limestone  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  New  Whatcom. 
Pop.  in  1870,  534;  in  1880,  3137;  in  1890,  18,591. 

Whately»  what'le,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
in  Whately  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 
26  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  brooms  and  brush-handles.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 958. 

What'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mo- 
bile &  Birmingham  Railway,  15  miles  S.  of  Thomasville. 

What'paw,  a  small  river  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  flows 
into  the  Wisconsin  River  on  its  right  bank. 

Whay'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Wicomico  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Salisbury. 

Wheat'field,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  near 
Lanesville  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles  E. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Wheatfield,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  103. 

Wheatfield,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.    P.  942. 

Wheatfield;  a  township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
4168.     It  contains  Martinsville  and  part  of  Tonawanda. 

Wheatfield,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  780. 

Wheatfield,  apost-ofiice  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 

Wheat'head,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.     Pop.  1133. 

Wheat'land,  a  post- village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles 
N.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  635. 

Wheatland,  a  post-village  of  Alexander  co..  III.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Jonesborough, 
and  25  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  about  80. 

Wheatland,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.    Pop.  492. 

Wheatland,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  co.,  111.,  about 
12  miles  E.  of  Vandalia.     Pop.  871. 

Wheatland,  a  hamlet  in  Wheatland  township,  Macon 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Elwin  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1336. 

Wheatland,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  in  Steen 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Vincennes.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Wheatland,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Rock  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Davenport  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  35  miles  W.  of  Clinton. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  3 
churches.     Pop.  716, 

Wheatland,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  544. 

Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Wheatland,  township,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     P.  1398. 

Wheatland,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  P.  632. 

Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich. 

Wheatland,  a  post-township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1464.  Wheatland  Post-Offico  is  about  20  miles  N.AV.  of 
Faribault. 

Wheatland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about 
55  miles  S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  drug-stores,  a  flouring-raill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop. 
80.     Lead  abounds  near  this  place. 

Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
from  Kenesaw. 

Wheatland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Whiting.     It  has  a  church. 

Wheatland,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.    P.  2629. 

Wheatland,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Roch- 
ester. 

Wheatland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Willamette  River,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Wheatland,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Shenango  River  and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2^ 
miles  S.  of  Sharon.  It  has  3  churches,  4  blast-furnaces  for 
iron,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  graded  school.      Pop.  (1890)  675. 

Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Wheatland,  a  post-village  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  in 
Wheatland  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Fox  River,  and 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Racine.     Pop.  of  the  township,  867. 

Wheatland,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.    Pop.  883. 

Wheat'land,  or  Wick'ham,  a  post- village  in  Drum- 
mond  CO.,  Quebec,  ]4i  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.  Pop.  100. 


Wheatland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  oo., 
Mich.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wheatland  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  Pequea  Creek,  6  or  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Wheat'ley,  or  Wheet'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Fran- 
cis CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  69 
miles  E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wheat'ly,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  37  miles 
S.W.  of  Chatham.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  2  grist-mills,  2  hotels, 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Wheatly  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  13  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Wheat'on,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Du  Page  co..  111., 
in  Milton  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
the  Wheaton  College,  a  bank,  7  churches,  and  2  carriage 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1622. 

Wheaton,  a  village  of  Wayne  township,  Tippecanoe 
CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  87. 

Wheaton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Wheaton,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.     P.  810. 

Wheaton's,  a  station  of  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Waterbury,  Conn. 

Wheat'on  Settlement,  a  post-settlement  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Petitcodiao. 
Pop.  200. 

Wheat  Ridge,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Unity. 

Wheat  Sheaf,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Bristol. 

Wheat  Sheaf,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  oo..  Pa.  ia 
a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  and  is  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall. 

Wheatville,  California.    See  Kingsburg. 

Wheatville,  New  York.     See  East  Alabama. 

Wheatville,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Tex. 

Wheatville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Boscobel,  and  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  steam  saw-mill  which 
manufactures  oak,  ash,  maple,  and  walnut  lumber. 

Wheel'er,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Bufi"alo.  Pop.  in  1880,  644 ; 
in  1890,  1683. 

Wheeler,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  bounded 
E.  by  Indian  Territory.  Area,  900  square  miles.  Capital, 
Mobeetie.     Pop.  in  1890,  778. 

Wheeler,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  7  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Valparaiso. 

Wheeler,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Wheeler  town- 
ship, Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louia 
Railroad,  8i  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  of  township,  366. 

Wheeler,  a  post-township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  6  or  7 
miles  N.  of  Bath.     Pop.  1388. 

Wheeler,  Mercfer  co..  Pa.     See  Bethel. 

Wheeler's,  New  York.    See  North  Hannibal. 

Wheel'ersburg,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in 
Porter  township,  9  or  10  miles  E.  of  Portsmouth,  and  1 
mile  from  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  drain-tile-factory. 

Wheeler's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawattamie 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Council  Blufis. 

Wheeler's  Point,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  part  of  the 
city  of  Gloucester. 

Wheeler  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  De- 
catur. 

Wheel'erville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Wheelerville,  a  village  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  C»- 
roga  township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gloversville.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Wheel'ing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wheeling  township.  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  about  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains a  village  named  Dunton.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1835. 

Wheeling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Munoie. 

Wheeling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines, 

Wheeling,  a  post-office  in  Wheeling  township,  Rioe 
CO.,  Minn.,  9  or  10  miles  E.  of  Faribault.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1033. 

Wheeling,  a  post-village  in  Wheeling  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  foandry. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  857;  in  1890,  1027. 


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Wheeling)  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
Ohio  CO.,  W.  Va.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  Creek,  about  92 
miles  below  Pittsburg,  and  about  370  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati. By  railroad  it  is  63  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
141  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  0.  Lat.  40°  5'  N.;  Ion.  80° 
42'  W.  Its  elevation  above  the  level  of  the  sea  is  about 
630  feet.  The  site  is  a  narrow  alluvial  plain,  which  is 
overlooked  by  precipitous  hills  and  extends  about  4  miles 
along  the  river.  Wheeling  is  the  most  populous  town  of 
West  Virginia,  and  is  the  largest  and  most  important  place 
on  the  Ohio  River  between  Pittsburg  and  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  a  fine  court-house,  a  custom-house,  25  churches, 
an  elegant  Y.M.C.A.  building,  4  academies,  the  famous 
Mt,  de  Chantal  female  seminary  (convent  school),  and  12 
banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  about  $3,500,000. 
Four  daily  and  several  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  This  city  is  supplied  with  water  raised  from  the 
river  by  machinery.  The  National  Road  crosses  the  river 
at  Zane's  Island,  opposite  Wheeling,  by  a  beautiful  wire 
suspension-bridge,  which  has  a  span  of  1010  feet  and  is 
supported  by  4  wire  cables,  each  1380  feet  in  length  and 
8  inches  in  diameter.  The  height  of  the  towers  is  153  feet 
above  low-water  mark.  A  fine  steel  bridge  also  spans  the 
river,  connecting  the  main  part  of  the  city  with  Wheeling 
Island,  and  two  steel  bridges  connect  the  Island  with 
Bridgeport  and  ^tnaville,  0.  Wheeling  is  also  connected 
with  Bellaire,  0.,  by  a  noble  railroad-bridge,  which,  in- 
cluding the  approaches  and  a  viaduct  of  43  arches,  is  1| 
miles  long.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  here  also  centre  the  Ohio  River,  the  Pittsburg, 
burg,  Wheeling  &  Kentucky,  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg,  the 
Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie,  the  Pittsburg,  Wheeling  &  Balti- 
more, and  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  &  Wheeling  Railroads, 
besides  the  Wheeling  Bridge  <fc  Terminal  Railway,  which 
connects  the  city  with  Martin's  Ferry,  0.,  passing  over  a 
magnificent  bridge  at  the  northern  limits  of  the  corporation. 
The  hills  in  the  vicinity  are  filled  with  inexhaustible  beds 
of  coal.  Wheeling  contains  extensive  blast-furnaces,  steel- 
works, wire-works,  iron-foundries  and  forges,  canning  fac- 
tories, potteries  for  the  manufacture  of  plain  and  decorated 
china-ware,  calico-printing  works,  and  manufactures  of 
nails,  glass-ware,  steam-engines,  paper,  tobacco,  cigars, 
flour,  leather,  woollen  goods,  hinges,  lanterns,  Ac.  The 
city  is  lighted  by  electricity,  and  owns  its  own  electric- 
light  and  gas  plants,  and  has  electric  street-car  lines. 
Natural  gas  is  the  principal  fuel.  The  streets  are  paved 
with  fire-brick.  There  are  two  fine  parks  in  the  suburbs. 
According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  capital  of 
reported  industries  in  Wheeling  was  $7,223,027,  and  the 
total  value  of  product  $11,279,541.  The  seat  of  the  state 
government  was  removed  from  Charleston  to  Wheeling  in 
1875,  but  was  returned  to  Charleston  in  1885.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,280,  without  South  Wheeling;  in  1874,  26,440, 
with  South  Wheeling  annexed;  in  1880,  30,737;  in  1890, 
34,522 ;  in  1894,  conservatively  estimated  at  38,000. 

Wheel'ock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory.     It  has  a  church. 

Wheelocky  a  post-hamlet  in  Wheelock  township,  Cale- 
donia CO.,  Yt.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  threshing-machines. 

Wheetley,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.     See  Whkatley. 

Whet'stone,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.    P.  1490. 

Whetstone,  Morrow  co.,  0.     See  West  Point. 

Whetstone  River,  Ohio.    See  Olentangt  River. 

Whidah,  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Whydah. 

Whid'by  Island,  Washington,  is  in  the  N.  part  of 
Puget  Sound,  and  is  a  portion  of  Island  county.  It  is 
nearly  40  miles  long,  and  is  comparatively  narrow. 

Whid'dy  Island,  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  of  Cork,  near 
the  head  of  Bantry  Bay,  is  3  miles  long.  Pop.  400.  On  it 
are  a  coast-guard  station  and  several  forts  for  the  defence 
of  Bantry  harbor. 

Whig  Corners,  Michigan.    See  South  Butler. 

Whigham,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.     See  Harrell. 

Whig  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Noda- 
way River,  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Whig'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
township,  14  miles  N.B.  of  Caldwell.     It  has  a  church. 

Whip'pany,  a  small  river  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  enters 
the  Rockaway  River  from  the  right  about  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Morristown,  which  is  on  the  Whippany. 

Whippany,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Mor- 
ris CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Whippany  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Morristown,  and  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  paper,  woollen 
goods,  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  about  400. 


Whipple,  whip'p^l,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Pottawattamie  oo., 
Iowa. 

Whipple,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of 
Marietta. 

Whipple  Lake,  Pope  oo.,  Minn.,  is  one  of  the  sooroec 
of  the  Chippewa  River.  It  is  about  10  miles  long  and  2  or 
3  miles  wide.  Glenwood  is  situated  at  its  head  or  N.E. 
extremity. 

Whipple's  Mills,  a  village  in  Smithfield  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjoining  Greenville.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  139. 

Whippleville,  whip'p§l-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Malone  township,  3  miles  from  Malone.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  starch-factory. 

Whip^poorwill',  a  post-ofiBce  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Whippoorwill,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Logan  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Russellville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Here  is  Ferguson's  Station  Post-Office. 

Whisky  Run,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.    P.  1127. 

Whisky  Town,  a  mining-camp  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Shasta,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Redding.  It  has 
a  hotel,  2  stores,  and  gold-mines. 

Whis'tler,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Mobile.  It  has  6 
churches,  and  workshops  of  the  railroad. 

Whit'aker,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  At- 
lanta &  Richmond  Air- Line  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Spar- 
tanburg. 

Whitaker's,  a  post-village  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.G., 
on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  En- 
field. It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and 
blinds. 

Whit'akersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Magoffin  co.,  Ky., 
60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  a  church. 

Whit'burn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow,  21 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1432. 

Whit'by,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Esk,  here  bordered  by  a  fine  pier,  and 
crossed  by  a  swing  iron  bridge,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Scar- 
borough, at  the  termination  of  a  railway  from  York.  Lat. 
64°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  36'  7"  E.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  bor- 
ough,  13,094;  of  town,  12,460.  The  town  has  a  public 
library,  a  literary  and  philosophical  society  with  a  museum,  a 
seamen's  hospital,  town  hall,  custom-house,  baths,  numerous 
large  warehouses,  dry-docks  and  ship-yards,  and  manufac- 
tures of  sail-cloth  and  cordage.  It  has  lately  become  a 
place  of  winter  resort.  Fine  jet  and  immense  deposits  of 
ironstone  are  found  near  here.  From  1832  to  1885  Whitby 
returned  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Whit'by  (formerly  Windsor,  win'zpr),  an  incorpo- 
rated town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  29i  miles  N.E. 
of  Toronto.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  lakes. 
The  town  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  5  churches, 
3  branch  banks,  a  grammar-school  and  several  common 
schools,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  several 
assurance  and  insurance  agencies,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  agricultural 
implements,  musical  instruments,  leather,  &c.  Whitby  is 
a  port  of  entry,  and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Whitby 
&  Port  Perry  Railway.  It  is  an  important  market-town. 
Pop.  2732. 

Whit'church,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
on  the  Test,  12  miles  N.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  silk- 
manufactory,  and  a  mill  for  the  fabrication  of  bank-note 
paper.     Pop.  of  parish,  1965. 

Whitchurch,  or  Blanc'minster,  a  market-town  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Shrewsbury. 

Whit'comb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brookville  township,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 
It  has  a  church. 

White,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1 140  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  White  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Red 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Bayou  Des  Arc,  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  yellow  pine,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A 
Southern  Railway.  Capital,  Searcy.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,347; 
in  1880,  17,794;  in  1890,  22,946. 

White,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  170  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  the  Chattahoo- 


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2817 


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chee  River,  one  branch  of  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface 
is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  valleys.  More  than  half 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  A  small  quantity  of  gold  has  been 
found  in  it.  No  railroads  pass  through  this  county,  but 
adjoining  counties  are  traversed.  Capital,  Cleveland.  Pop, 
in  1870,  4606;  in  1880,  5341;  in  1890,  6151. 

White^  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  intersected  by 
the  Little  Wabash,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Skillet  Fork 
of  the  latter  river.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St. 
Louis  and  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroads,  which  con- 
verge at  the  capital ;  and  is  also  traversed  by  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad.  Capital,  Carmi.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,846;  in  1880,  23,087;  in  1890,  25,005. 

White,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  which  runs  southward.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and.  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests, 
the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than  the  latter. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  and  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroads.  Capital,  Monticello. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,554;  in  1880,  13,795;  in  1890,  15,671. 

White,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  W. 
by  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Falling  Water  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  hickory,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  walnut,  wild  cherry, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St. 
Louis  Railway.  Capital,  Sparta.  Pop.  in  1870,  9376 :  in 
1880,  11,176 :  in  1890,  12,348. 

White,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     See  Austin. 

White,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1993. 

White,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  969. 

White,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2124. 

White  Ash,  a  post-oflSce  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa, 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Iowa  City. 

White  Ash,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in 
Penn  township,  near  the  Alleghany  River,  about  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  here. 

White  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  thb  N.  coast 
of  Newfoundland,  is  about  60  miles  long,  and  15  miles  wide 
at  the  broadest  part. 

White  Bead  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

White  Bear,  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  647. 

White  Bear,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington A  Reading  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading. 

White  Bear  Centre,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 

White  Bear  Lake,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  542. 

White  Bear  Lake,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
in  White  Bear  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of 
its  own  name,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Duluth  Railroad  at  its 
junction  with  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  15  miles  N.E;  of  Minneap- 
olis. It  has  2  churches  and  3  hotels.  The  lake  is  about  25 
miles  in  circuit.    Pop.  of  village  in  1890,  1356. 

White  Bluff,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jeflferson  co..  Ark. 

White  Bluff,  a  village  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga.,  on  Vernon 
River,  9  miles  S.  of  Savannah,  is  a  summer  resort.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  convent. 

White  Bluffs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  30i  miles 
W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

White  Breast,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  is  in- 
tersected by  White  Breast  Creek  and  by  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  Pop.  666.  Its  station  (White 
Breast  Siding)  is  about  3  miles  W.  of  Chariton. 

White  Breast,  a  hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  on  White 
Breast  Creek,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Chariton. 

White  Breast,  township,  Warren  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1069. 

White  Breast  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Clarke  co.,  runs 
northeastward  through  Lucas  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines 
River  in  Marion  co.,  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It 
is  nearly  SO  miles  long. 


White  Camp,  a  post-oflSce  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va. 

Whitechap'el,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, forming  an  eastern  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  and  com- 
prised in  the  borough  of  Tower  Hamlets.  It  contains  the 
London  Hospital  and  the  Tower  of  London. 

White  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 3  miles  from  Pomeroy,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City, 
Mo.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

White  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of 
Ithaca. 

White  Church  Bend,  Louisiana.    See  Jefferson. 

White  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  S.E.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2  churches. 
It  is  also  called  Swedeland. 

White  City,  a  village  in  Defiance  township.  Defiance 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  White's  Mill  Station,  4  miles  W.  of  Defiance. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

White  Clay  Creek  rises  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  passes 
into  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and  unites  with  Red  Clay  Creek 
to  form  the  Christiana. 

White  Clay  Creek,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  oo.,  Del. 
Pop.  2620. 

White  Cliff,  a  post-oflBice  of  Sioux  co.,  Neb.,  on  th« 
Niobrara  River. 

White  Cliff  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Chilhowee  Mountain,  3500 
feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  15  miles  from  Mouse  Creek 
Station.     It  has  a  large  hotel  and  mineral  springs. 

White  Cloud,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

White  Cloud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  in 
White  Cloud  township,  on  the  West  Nishnabatona  River, 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  621. 

White  Cloud,  a  post-town  in  Iowa  township,  Doni- 
phan CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  600  miles 
above  St.  Louis,  and  on  the  Atchison  A  Nebraska  Railroad, 
36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atchison.  It  contains  2  steam  saw- 
mills, a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school  with  a  building  which 
cost  $15,000,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  843. 

White  Cloud,  Michigan.    See  Morgan  Station. 

White  Cot'tage,a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  oo.,  C, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church  and  3  pot- 
teries. 

White  Cottage,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Waynesburg. 

White  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  White  Creek  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  N.E.  of  Troy. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flax-mill.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Rensselaer  A  Saratoga  Railroad,  and  contains 
the  greater  part  of  the  village  of  Cambridge.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2757. 

White  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  242. 

White  Day,  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Smithtown. 

White  Deer  Mills,  a  post-village  in  White  Deer 
township,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna, at  the  mouth  of  White  Deer  Creek,  and  on  the 
Catawissa  A  Williamsport  Railroad,  at  White  Deer  Station, 
5  miles  N.  of  Milton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
woollen-mill. 

White  Earth,  a  post-office  of  Gunnison  co..  Col. 

White  Earth,  a  post-village  and  Indian  Agency  of 
Becker  co.,  Minn.,  22  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  contains  2 
schools,  a  hospital,  and  2  churches. 

White  Earth  River  rises  in  British  America,  runs 
southward  into  North  Dakota,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
about  60  miles  (direct)  E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone. 

White  El ster,  Germany.     See  Elster. 

White  Eyes  Plains,  Coshocton  co.,  0.    See  Oxford. 

Whiteface  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks, 
in  Essex  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Mount  Maroy. 
Altitude,  4918  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Whiteface  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  Mid- 
dle Park,  in  lat.  40°  9'  11"  N.,  Ion.  106°  7'  6"  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  11,493  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

White  Feather,  foTH'^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co., 
Mich.,  in  Pinconning  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad  (Mackinaw  division),  23  miles  N.  of  Bay  Cit}. 
It  has  a  chur«h,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Whitefield,  whit'feeld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, 3  miles  S.  of  Bury.     Pop.  9054. 

White'field,  a  township  of  Marshall  co..  111.     P.  1206. 

Whitefield,  a  post-hamlet  uf   Lincoln  «o.,  Me.,  is 


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WMtefield  township,  on  the  Sheepscott  River,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1594. 

Whitefield,  township,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  325. 

Whitefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  oo.,  Miss.,  17 
miles  S.'VV.  of  Starkville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Whitefield,  a  post-village  in  Whitefield  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  <k  Montreal  Railroad  and 
the  White  Mountain  Railroad,  124  miles  N.  of  Concord. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  summer  boarding-house, 
and  large  lumber-mills  which  employ  about  300  men.  A 
short  railroad  connects  it  with  Jefferson.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  2041. 

White'fish  Bay,  the  S.  part  of  Tequamenon  Bay,  Lake 
Superior. 

Whitefish  Bay,  a  station  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

White  Fish  Falls,  Ontario.    See  Morton. 

White'fish  Point,  a  post-office  and  fishing-station  of 
Chippewa  co.,  Mich,,  on  Lake  Superior,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Sault  Ste.  Marie.  Here  is  a  cape  of  the  same  name,  with  a 
light-house. 

White'ford,  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1610. 

Whiteford  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich. 

White  Gate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  about 
100  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  25  miles  W.  of  Montgomery. 

White  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Poinsett  co..  Ark.,  22 
miles  N.  of  Wittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

White 'hall,  a  post-village  in  Whitehall  township, 
Greene  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <k  Alton  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  foundry,  a  tile-factory,  a  flour-mill,  2  wagon-shops, 
and  several  potteries.     Pop.  in  1890,  1961. 

Whitehall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Richmond. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La. 

Whitehall,  a  village  of  St.  James  parish,  La.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  9  miles  below  Donald- 
Bonville,  and  about  72  miles  above  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  1400. 

White  Hall,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  several  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Whitehall,  a  hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cold  Brook  Springs. 

Whitehall,  a  post-village  in  Whitehall  township,  Mus- 
kegon CO.,  Mich.,  on  White  Lake,  and  on  the  Chicago  <k  West 
Michigan  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muskegon,  and 
about  6  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  contains  several 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  sev- 
eral lumber-mills,  and  a  large  tannery.  Pop.  1724.  White 
Lake  forms  an  excellent  harbor. 

Whitehall,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Montana. 

Whitehall,  a  post- village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Morris  Canal  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200.     See  also  White  Hall  Summit. 

Whitehall,  a  post-town  in  Whitehall  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Lake  Champlain, 
76  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany,  24  miles  W.  of  Rutland,  Vt., 
and  about  80  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  It  is  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  the  Champlain  Canal,  and  is  at  the  junction  of  two 
divisions  of  the  Rensselaer  <fe  Saratoga  Railroad.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated  in  a  ravine  at  the  foot  of  Skene's 
Mountain  and  at  the  mouth  of  Wood  Creek.  Several  ele- 
gant steamboats  ply  daily  (in  the  season)  between  White- 
hall and  the  other  ports  on  the  lake.  Whitehall  is  the  most 
populous  town  in  the  county.  It  contains  5  churches,  an 
academy,  3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  machine-shop,  and  2  saw-mills.  It  has  an  exten- 
«ive  trade  in  lumber,  Ac,  and  has  manufactures  of  brooms, 
turned  wood,  sash,  blinds,  and  lumber.  Pop.  in  1890, 4434 ; 
»f  the  township,  6402. 

White  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

White  Hall  (Jericho  Post-Offico),  a  hamlet  of  Wayne 
00.,  N.C.,  on  the  Neuse  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of  La  Grange. 
It  has  a  church. 

Whitehall,  Adams  co.,  Pa.     See  Red  Land. 


Whitehall,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Bart 
township,  3  miles  S.  of  Kinzer's.  It  has  a  church,  and 
nickel-mines  and  furnaces  which  employ  about  125  men. 

Whitehall,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Lehigh  River, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allentown. 

Whitehall,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  3318. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Montour  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Danville. 

Whitehall,  a  township  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.   P.  1516. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex. 

White  Hall,  Albemarle  co.,  Va.  See  Moorman's  Riveb. 

White  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  about 
10  miles  N.  of  Winchester.     It  has  a  church. 

Whitehall,  a  post-village  of  Wisconsin,  capital  of 
Trempealeau  co.,  is  in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Green  Bay 
A  Minnesota  Railroad,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Winona,  Minn. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

White  Hall  Sum'mit,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  near  the  hamlet  of  White  Hall,  7 
miles  S.  of  Newton. 

Whitehallville,  Bucks  oo.,  Pa.    See  Chalpont. 

White  Hare,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  oo..  Mo. 

Whiteha'ven,  a  parliamentary  borough  and  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  near 
the  entrance  of  Solway  Firth,  3  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Bees 
Head,  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  railway.  Lat.  (of  light-house)  54°  33'  11"  N.  ; 
Ion.  3°  35'  49"  W.  Pop.  of  the  town,  19,295.  The  public 
buildings  comprise  several  churches,  the  West  Cumberland 
Infirmary,  town  hall,  market-house,  custom-house,  library, 
news-room,  baths,  theatre,  mechanics'  institute,  and  a  county 
house  of  correction.  The  harbor  is  formed  by  two  piers, 
on  each  of  which  is  a  light-house,  and  from  it  are  ex- 
ported great  quantities  of  coal,  raised  from  mines  which 
extend  a  long  way  under  the  town  and  beneath  the  sea.  It 
has  also  iron-smelting-works,  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  ex- 
tensive bonding  warehouses,  dry-docks  and  slips  for  build- 
ing and  repairing  vessels,  and  manufactures  of  sail-cloth, 
cordage,  soap,  copperas,  and  tobacco-pipes.  The  exports 
consist  chiefly  of  coal  and  iron  ore ;  the  imports,  of  West 
Indian,  American,  and  Baltic  produce,  flax  and  linen  from 
Ireland,  and  pig-iron  from  Wales.  It  returns  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Whiteha'ven,  a  post- village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Wicomico  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  marine  railway. 

White  Haven,  a  post-borough  in  Dennison  township, 
Luzerne  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  25  miles 
N.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  and  30  miles  by  railroad  S.S.E.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  It  has  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  foun- 
dry, a  machine-shop,  several  large  lumber-mills,  and  ice- 
houses. It  is  supported  mainly  by  operations  in  lumber, 
and  has  large  pools  for  the  purpose  of  conveying  the  logs 
to  the  mills.  These  pools  furnish  much  ice  for  the  markets 
of  cities.     Pop.  in  about  1500. 

White  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  a  church. 

White  Haven,  a  seaport  of  Guysborough  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cape  Canso.  It  has  an  excel- 
lent harbor. 

White  Head,  a  seaport  of  Guysborough  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  31  miles  from  Guysborough. 
Pop.  350.  This  is  the  first  land  on  the  Nova  Scotia  coast 
seen  by  vessels  from  Europe. 

White  Heath,  heeth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  oo.,  111., 
on  the  Champaign,  Havana  A  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Champaign, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Sangamon  River.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Hill,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.    See  Fieldsbobottsh, 

White  Hill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Whitehills',  a  fishing-village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff, 
4i  miles  E.  of  Portsoy.     Pop.  823. 

White  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

White  Horse,  a  rocky  islet,  one  of  a  group  at  the  en- 
trance of  Passamaquoddy  Bay. 

White  Horse,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Downingtown. 

White  Horse,  a  hamlet  in  Salisbury  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  17  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  Here  is  Pequea 
Post-Office. 


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White  Horse,  a  post-office  of  Qreenville  oo.,  S.C. 

White'house,  a  village  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Antrim, 
•n  Belfast  Lough,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  1056. 

White  House,  a  station  in  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville. 

White  House,  a  post-village  in  Readington  township, 
Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  i  mile  from  White  House  Station  of 
the  Central  Railroad,  which  is  9J  miles  W.N.W.  of  Somer- 
Tille  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Trenton.      It  has  a  church. 

White  House,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

White  House,  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.     P.  684. 

White  House,  a  post- village  in  Waterville  township, 
Lucas  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  ploughs. 

White  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Pa., 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle,  and  1  mile  from  Moore's  Mill. 

White  House,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

White  House,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 

Whitehouse,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Tyler. 

White  House,  a  post-office  and  station  of  New  Kent 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  York  River  &  Chesapeake  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  navigable  Pamunkey  River,  24  miles  E.  of 
Richmond. 

White  House  Station,  a  post-village  in  Readington 
township,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  33  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  2  hotels,  6 
stores,  and  a  manufactory  of  horn  jewelry.  Pop.  about  400. 

White'hurst,  Bell's  Station,  or  Rock  Springs, 
a  post- village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  13i  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Brockville.     Pop.  100. 

White'inch,  an  extensive  western  suburb  of  Qlasgow, 
Scotland,  noted  for  its  ship-building. 

White  Island,  oGT  the  North  Island  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  Bay  of  Plenty,  is  in  lat.  37°  33'  S.,  Ion.  177"  14'  E.  It 
consists  of  an  active  volcano,  rising  to  between  1000  and 
1500  feet  in  height. 

White  Island,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  below  Que- 
bec, at  the  N.E.  end  of  Hare  Island,  is  about  5  miles  long. 

White  Lake,  a  body  of  water  in  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
6  miles  in  length.  It  communicates  with  Lake  Michigan, 
is  traversed  by  White  River,  and  forms  a  harbor  for  the 
town  of  Whitehall. 

White  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  White  Lake  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  16  miles  W.  of  Pontiac,  and  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1002. 

White  Lake,  a  post- village  in  Bethel  township,  Sul- 
livan CO.,  N.Y.,  near  a  small  lake,  8  miles  W.  of  Monti- 
cello.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  The  lake  is  2 
miles  long. 

White  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Waba  (or  White)  Lake,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Arnprior.  It 
haa  good  water-power,  and  contains  several  saw-,  grist-, 
and  carding-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

White  Lake  Centre,  Michigan.    See  Ox  Bow. 

White  Lake  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  38  miles  N.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

White'Iand,  a  post- village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Je£fersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Whiteland,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

White'lets,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  1}  miles  N.E. 
of  Ayr,  on  the  road  to  Galston.     Pop.  505. 

White'ley,  a  post-township  of  Qreene  co..  Pa.,  about 
60  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  977. 

Whiteleysburg,  whit'liz-biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co., 
Del.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Greensborough,  Md.,  and  on  the  line 
between  Delaware  and  Maryland.    It  has  about  10  families. 

Whiteleysburg,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
about  4-4  miles  E.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  adjacent  to  White- 
leysburg, Del. 

White  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  a 
hamlet  named  Fayette,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

WhiteMick'  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southward  through 
Hendricks  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White  River  in 
Morgan  co.,  7  miles  above  Martinsville. 

White  Lil'y,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  about 
37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mount  Vernon. 

White  Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  N.C. 

White  Marsh,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
about  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the 


S.W.  by  the  Schaylkill  River.  It  contains  Fort  Washington 
Station  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  iron  and  lime.     Pop.  3151. 

White  Marsh,  Gloucester  co.,  Va.  See  Hickort  Fork. 

White  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  .Hardin  oo.,  Ey.,  56 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lonisville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  floor- 
mill. 

White  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Honesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  Laok- 
awaxen  Creek,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Honesdale. 

White  Mound,  a  village  and  township  of  Jewell  oo., 
Kansas,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Jewell  Centre.  Pop.  o' 
township,  492. 

White  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

White  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis. 

White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  are  mostly  in 
Coos  CO.  The  highest  peak  of  this  group  is  Mount  Wash- 
ington, which  rises  6288  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Among  the  other  summits  are  Mount  Adams,  Mount  Jef- 
ferson, Mount  Monroe,  Mount  Lafayette,  Mount  Madison, 
and  Mount  Willey.  The  .nucleus  of  these  mountains  ia 
formed  of  granite  and  gneiss.  The  Franconia  Mountains 
form  the  W.  extension  of  the  group,  and  the  whole  are 
assigned  to  the  Appalachian  system. 

White  Mud  River,  Manitoba.    See  Westbourne. 

White  Oak,  Alabama.    See  White  Oak  Sprikss. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Dorsey  co..  Ark. 

White  Oak,  a  station  in  Franklin  oo..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Ozark. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  El  Dorado  oo.,  Cal.  P.  757. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  McLean  oo..  111.    P.  632. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  111., 
about  23  miles  S.  of  Springfield. 

White  Oak,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville,  111. 

White  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in 
White  Oak  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Oskaloosa.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  South  Skunk  River.  It  contains 
3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1241. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.    P.  672. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky. 

White  Oak,  a  post-township  of  Ingham  oo.,  Mich. 
Pop.  979. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.    P.  872. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Henry  oo..  Mo.     P.  1367. 

White  Oak,  post-township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.   P.  1265. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.     P.  842. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Jones  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  959. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.     P.  1680. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Eastern  Railroad,  42^  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Highland  oo.,  0.  P.  1062 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 

White  Oak,  a  post- village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  th« 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  46  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn. 

White  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  38 
miles  N.  of  Mineola.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  oharch. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  through  Meri- 
wether CO.  into  Flint  River. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Highland  oo., 
runs  southward  through  Brown  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  about  8  miles  below  Ripley. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Tennessee,  rises  in  Fentress  oo., 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  New  River  in  Soottoo. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  West  Tennessee,  flows  east- 
ward, and  enters  Tennessee  River  in  Hardin  oo. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Texas,  runs  eastward  through 
Titus  CO.,  and  enters  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River. 

White  Oak  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ky. 

White  Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo.,  Mo. 

White  Oak  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  N.C,  on 
Broad  River,  23  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg,  S.C 

White  Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  eo..  III. 

White  Oaks,  a  township  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C  P.  1280. 

White  Oak  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  oo..  Mo.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Niangua.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Oak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  at  White 
Oak  Station,  13  miles  W.  of  Eufaula. 

White  Oak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Brown  oo.,  III., 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Versailles. 

White  Oak  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 
Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  446. 


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White  Pigeon,  plj'fin,  post-ofiBce,  Whitesides  co.,  111. 

White  Pigeon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa, 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sigourney.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Pigeon,  a  post-village  in  White  Pigeon  town- 
ehip,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name, 
and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  same.  It 
is  120  miles  B.  of  Chicago,  4  miles  S.  of  Constantino,  and 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elkhart,  Ind.  It  contains  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  5  churches,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds.  Pop.  922 ;  of  the 
township,  1713. 

White  Pine,  a  large  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nevada, 
bordering  on  Utah,  is  a  portion  of  the  Great  Basin  (which 
see).  The  surface  is  a  high  table-land,  destitute  of  timber, 
and  diversified  by  several  mountain-ridges,  the  direction  of 
which  is  N.  and  S.  Fresh  water  is  scarce  in  this  county, 
which  has  no  rivers  or  permanent  streams.  The  soil  is 
mostly  sterile,  but  some  of  the  valleys  produce  pasture  and 
potatoes.  Silver  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  ob- 
tained from  quartz  rock.  Area>  9892  square  miles.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  no  railroads.  Capital,  Hamilton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7189;  in  1880,  2682 ;  in  1890,  1721. 

White  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport. 

White  Pine,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Morristown.     Here  is  a  seminary. 

White  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  oo.,  W.  Va. 

White  Pine  Mountains,  a  range  in  Nye  and  White 
Pine  COS.,  Nevada. 

White  Plain,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  B.C. 
Pop.  1342. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Ala. 

White  Plains,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Greene  oo., 
6a.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Crawfordville,  and  about  75  miles  W. 
of  Augusta.  It  contains  the  Dawson  Institute,  3  ohurchea, 
and  a  carriage-factory. 

White  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  79  miles 
E.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  drug-store. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &,  Potomac  Railroad,  near  the  Potomac,  59 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Churchill  co.,  Nev.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 

White  Plains,  a  post-village  and  one  of  the  capitals 
of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in  White  Plains  township,  on 
the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
the  Grand  Central  Depot  of  New  York.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 6  churches.  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the 
Alexander  Institute.  Near  this  place  the  battle  of  White 
Plains  was  fought,  October  28,  1776.  Genera!  Washington 
commanded  the  Americans  in  this  action.  Pop.  in  1890, 
4042  :  of  the  township,  4508. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Surry  oo.,  N.C. 

White  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  oo.,  S.C, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Monroe,  N.C.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  oo.,  Va., 
about  56  miles  S.S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

White  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

White'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Rosendale,  and  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  cement. 

White  Post,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     P.  785. 

White  Post,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

White  Post,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Va.,  10  or 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winchester.  It  has  2  ohnrches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  192. 

White  River,  of  Arkansas,  rises  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state  by  several  small  branches,  runs  northeastward 
into  Missouri,  traverses  Stone  and  Taney  cos.  in  that  state, 
and  returns  into  Arkansas,  running  southeastward  through 
the  COS.  of  Marion,  Baxter,  and  Independence  to  the  mouth 
of  Black  River.  Below  this  point  it  flows  southward  until  it 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  14  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Arkansas.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  800  miles. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Jacksonport,  nearly  300  miles, 
in  all  stages  of  water.  Its  chief  affluents  are  Black  River, 
the  Bnfialo  Fork,  James  River,  and  Bryant's  Fork. 

White  River,  of  Indiana,  is  formed  by  its  East  and 
West  Forks,  which  unite  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Knox  co. 
It  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
near  Mount  Carmel,  and  about  25  miles  below  Vincennes. 
Its  mouth  is  only  30  miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the  junction 
of  its  forks.  The  longer  of  these  is  the  West  Fork,  which 
ti««e  in  Randolph  co.  and  runs  nearly  westward  to  Hamilton 


CO.,  which  it  intersects,  and  then  flows  southwestward  through 
the  COS.  of  Marion,  Morgan,  Owen,  and  Greene.  It  is  about 
300  miles  long.  The  largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  In- 
dianapolis, Anderson,  and  Muncie.  The  East  Fork,  or 
Driftwood  Fork,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  and  is  called  the  Blue 
Riv«r  in  the  first  part  of  its  course.  Its  general  direction 
is  southwestward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Shelby,  Bar- 
tholomew, Jackson,  and  Lawrence.  Its  length  is  estimated 
at  270  miles. 

White  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  in  Newaygo  co.,  runs 
southwestward  through  Oceana  co.,  passes  through  White 
Lake,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Muskegon. 

White  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  rises  in  the 
extreme  western  part  of  Nebraska,  and  runs  northeastward 
into  South  Dakota.  It  intersects  the  desolate  region  called 
Maxivaises  Terrea,  and  finally  runs  eastward  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  in  South  Dakota  near  lat.  43°  40'  N.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  330  miles. 

White  River,  of  Utah,  rises  in  the  Wahsatch  Range, 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Green  River  in  San  Pete  co. 

White  River,  of  Vermont,  rises  in  Addison  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  AVindsor  co.,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut River  about  1 0  miles  E.  of  Woodstock.  It  receives 
from  the  N.  three  affluents,  called  the  First,  Second,  and 
East  Branches,  which  rise  in  Orange  co. 

White  River,  of  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  the  E.  part  of  Pierce  co.  It  runs  nearly  N.W., 
and  unites  with  the  Green  River  to  form  the  Dwamish. 

White  River,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of  White  River. 

White  River,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Tulare 
CO.,  Cal.,  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Delano.  Gold  is  found  here. 
Pop.  of  township,  120. 

White  River,  a  post-office  and  Indian  agency  of  Sum- 
mit CO.,  Col. 

White  River,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  P.  2174. 

White  River,  township,  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.    P.  2047. 

White  River,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     P.  1765. 

White  River,  township,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.     P.  4069. 

White  River,  a  post-hamlet  in  White  River  township, 
Muskegon  oo.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
White  River,  about  17  miles  N.W.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  706.  Fruit  is  ex- 
ported from  it. 

White  River,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.     P.  756. 

White  Rock,  township,  McDonald  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  344. 

White  River,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  AVashington. 

White  River  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Hartford 
township,  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  White  River,  64  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Montpelier, 
14  miles  E.  of  Woodstock,  and  142  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 
It  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads, — the  Passumpsic, 
the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Hampshire,  the  AVoodstock, 
and  the  Central  and  Southern  divisions  of  the  Vermont 
Central.  It  has  a  good  hotel,  a  railroad-bridge  over  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  3  churches. 

White  Road,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Ark. 

White  Rock,  a  station  of  the  Sacramento  <t  Placer 
ville  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of  Sacramento,  Cal. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  White 
Rock  township,  4  miles  from  Holcomb  Station,  and  about 
18  miles  S.  of  Rockford.  The  township  has  4  churches. 
Limestone  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  999. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas, 
in  White  Rock  township,  18  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Belleville, 
It  has  a  plough-factory  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  is 
traversed  by  Republican  River.     Pop.  of  township,  490. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
on  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  13i  miles  N.W. 
of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Rock,  a  post-village  in  White  Rock  township, 
Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  50  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  300. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Red  Wing.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  a  chapel. 

White  Rock,  township,  McDonald  co..  Mo.     Pop.  344. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Elko 
CO.,  Nevada,  on  or  near  the  Bull  Run  Mountain,  75  miles 
from  Elko.     It  has  a  rich  silver-mine. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

White  Rock,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 


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White  Rock,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Connellsville  &  Cumberland  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Fayette  County  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Connellsville. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Colerain  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  about  8  miles 
W.  of  Oxford. 

White  Rock,  a  post-Tillage  of  Washington  co.,  R.I., 
2  miles  N.  of  Westerly.  It  has  a  cotton-mill  on  Pawoatuok 
River. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  about 
38  miles  S.E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3 
stores. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Ya.,  on 
Staunton  River. 

White  Rock  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Houston  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Trinity  co.,  and  enters  Trinity  River. 

White  Rock  Landing,  Meigs  co.,  0.,  is  on  the  Ohio 
River,  2i  miles  above  Pomeroy. 

White  Rock  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Denver  <i;  Boul- 
der Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Boulder,  Col. 

White  Rock  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Gaspereaux  River,  3  miles  from  Port  Wil- 
liams Station.     Pop.  160. 

White  Rock  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  38°  58'  30"  N.,  Ion.  lOG"  55'  10"  W. 
Its  altitude  is  13,357  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  was 
named  from  the  white  volcanic  rock  with  which  it  is  capped. 

White  Rocks,  a  post-office  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  at 
the  Uintah  Valley  Indian  Agency. 

White  Rose,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Aurora.     Pop.  130. 

White  Run,  apost-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

White's,  or  White's  Switch,  a  station  in  White 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Enfield. 

White's,  Michigan  and  Tennessee.  See  White's  Sta- 
tion. 

White's,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana. 

White's,  a  township  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1025. 

White's,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

White's,  a  station  in  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  5  miles  W. 
of  Fredericksburg. 

White  Salmon,  s&m'gn,  a  post-office  of  Elikitat  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  20  miles  below  The 
Dalles. 

White  Salmon  River,  a  small  stream  of  Skamania 
CO.,  Washington,  flows  southeastward  into  the  Columbia 
River. 

White  Sand,  a  hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Belton  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  ropes. 

White's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Whitesborough,  whits'bilr-ruh,  or  White s'town, 
a  post-village  in  Whitestown  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Mohawk  River,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  town  hall,  an  iron-foundry  with  machine- 
shop,  a  cheese-factory,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  planing-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Whitestown.  Pop.  of  the 
village  in  1880,  1370;  in  1890,  1662. 

Whitesborough,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex,, 
on  the  Denison  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Deni- 
son,  and  18  miles  W.  of  Sherman.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
college,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  1200. 

White's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal, 

Whitesbnrg,  whits'barg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of 
Hunts  ville. 

Whitesbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Savannah,  Griffin  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Carrollton,  and  about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  seminary  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Whitesbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Letcher  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  River,  about  125 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Whitesbnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Thetford  township,  Genesee 
CO.,  Mich.,  near  Rogersville. 

Whitesbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Whitesburg,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2  churches.  Large  quantities  of 
variegated  marble  are  quarried  in  the  vicinity  and  shipped 
here.     Pop.  about  400. 

White's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bangor. 


White's  Corners,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.    See  Hambttrs. 

White's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Potter  oo.,  Pa. 

White's  Creek,  township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    P.  1440. 

White's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  oo.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  several  ice-houses. 

White's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Huntington.    It  has  a  oharoh. 

White  Sea  (Russ.  Bieloe  More,  be-4'lo-A  mo'rA;  Pr. 
Mer  Blanche,  maiR  blANsh ;  Ger.  Weieeet  Meer,  ^Is's^ s 
maiR),  called  also  the  Gnlf  of  Archangel,  a  vast  gulf  of 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  the  entrance  of  which  is  formed  by  Cape 
Sviatoi  (Sviatoi-Nos),  lat.  68°  10'  N.,  Ion.  39°  47'  E.,  and 
Cape  Kanin,  lat.  68°  39'  2"  N.,  Ion.  43°  32'  5"  E.  It  extends 
S.  and  S.W.  into  European  Russia,  between  Lapland  and 
Archangel,  380  miles ;  breadth,  from  30  to  150  miles.  Area, 
estimated  at  45,000  square  miles.  On  the  N.W.  it  forms 
the  Gulf  of  Kandalaska,  and  on  the  S.  the  Gulf  of  Onega  and 
Archangel  Bay.  The  chief  affluents  are  the  Mezen,  Dwina, 
Onega,  and  Vig.  It  is  deep  and  navigable  for  large  ves- 
sels, except  at  the  moufch  of  the  Dwina,  where  there  are 
large  sand-banks ;  the  greater  portion  is  frozen  over  from 
October  till  May.  It  contains  Solovetskoi  Island,  and 
abounds  in  herring  and  codfish. 

White  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Jonesville.    It  has  a  floor-mill. 

Whiteside,  whit'sid,  a  northwestern  county  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  in- 
tersected by  Rock  River,  which  afi'ords  much  water-power, 
and  also  drained  by  Elkhorn  and  Little  Rock  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. A  large  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern,  the  St.  Louis,  Rook  Island  & 
Chicago,  and  the  Mendota  &  Clinton.  Capital,  Morrison. 
Pop.  in  1870,  27,503;  in  1880,  30,885;  in  1890,  30,854. 

VVhiteside,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Troy. 

Whiteside,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  near 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  i 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Whiteside  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

White's  Mill,  a  post-office  and  mill  of  Garland  co., 
Ark.,  16  miles  from  Hot  Springs. 

White's  Mill,  Defiance  co.,  0.    See  White  Citt. 

White's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

White  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla., 
8  miles  N.  of  Wellborn.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  min- 
eral spring. 

White's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.  of  Marshall.   It  has  a  large  flouring-mill. 

White's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Memphis  &,  Charleston  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  4  churches. 

White's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Fayette. 

White's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  New  Berlin  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Sidney  Plains.     It  has  a  church  and  a  miU. 

White's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

White's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Whitestone,  whit'st5n,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Flushing  township,  on  the  Flushing  A  North  Side 
Railroad,  and  on  Long  Island  Sound,  Hi  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brooklyn.  It  has  4  churches,  a  large  summer  hotel,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  public  hall,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  large 
manufactory  of  tin-ware.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  be- 
tween Whitestone  and  New  York,  which  is  12  miles  dis- 
tant, and  about  40  railroad-trains  from  New  York  arrive 
and  depart  daily.     Pop.  in  1890,  2808. 

White  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 

Whitestown,  whits'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co., 
Ind.,  in  Worth  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati 
&  Lafayette  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  several  factories.  Pop. 
about  450. 

Whitestow^n,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.    See  Whitesboroit6h. 

Whitestown,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo..  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Whitestown,  a  township  of  Vernon  oo.,  Wis.    P.  747. 

White  Snl'phur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  Catholic 
academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  cultivators. 


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White  Sulphur,  a  post-hamlet  in  Soioto  township, 
Delaware  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  Kiver,  and  on  a  railroad,  5 
or  6  miles  W.  of  Delaware,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  several  churches. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Hall 
00.,  Oa.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Gainesville,  and  2  miles  from 
White  Sulphur  Springs  Station  of  the  Atlanta  &  Charlotte 
Air- Line.  Here  is  a  fine  hotel.  The  post-office  is  Sulphur 
Springs. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  water- 
ing-place of  Meriwether  oo.,  Qr&.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mineral  springs. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula 
parish.  La.,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Alexandria. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Meagher 
00.,  Montana. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village  and  water- 
ing-place of  Cass  CO.,  Tex.,  20  miles  from  Lanark.  It  has 
a  ckurch. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Green- 
brier CO.,  W.  Va.,  and  formerly  the  most  popular  summer 
resort  in  the  Southern  States,  is  situated  on  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  227  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  141  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  is  pleasantly  located  in  a  valley, 
and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  It  has 
several  fine  hotels  and  mineral  springs. 

White's  Val'Iey,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

Whitesville,  whits' vil,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

Whitesvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  27  miles 
N.  of  Columbus.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
in  Union  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &,  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  &c.     Pop.  129. 

Whitesville,  a  post- village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  about  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Whitesville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from 
Bricksburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Andover  Station,  and  about  32  miles  S.W.  of 
Bath.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

Whitesville,  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y.    See  East  Rodman. 

Whitesville,  a  hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Houston,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

White  Top,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

White'vale  (formerly  Ma'jorville),  a  post-village  in 
Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles  E.  of  Markham.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory,  saw-,  grist-,  and  planing-mills,  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  250. 

Whiteville,  whit'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co., 
Ark.,  8  miles  W.  of  Mountain  Home,  and  2  miles  E.  of 
White  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Whiteville,  Effingham  co.,  Ga.     See  Gtjtton. 

Whiteville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Bayou  Boeuf,  15  miles  N.  of  Opelousas. 

Whiteville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Asbury  Park. 

Whiteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbus  co., 
N.C.,  in  Whiteville  township,  near  the  Wilmington,  Colum- 
bia &  Augusta  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  Pop. 
about  600;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2549. 

Whiteville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Bolivar,  and  about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Whiteville  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  AVilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  45 
miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 

White'water,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     P.  1467. 

Whitewater,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  branch  of  Whitewater  River,  about 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  144. 

Whitewater,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

W  hitewater,  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1067. 

Whitewater,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Emporia. 

Whitewater,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  oo.,  Mich. 
Pop.  608. 

White  Water,  Missouri.    See  Strodbktille. 

Whitewater,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1226. 

Whitewater,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  oo..  Neb. 

Whitewater,  township,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     Poo.  1609. 


Whitewater,  a  Shaker  village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  in 
Crosby  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Harrison.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  123. 

Whitewater,  a  township  of  Oconee  co.,  B.C.     P.  526. 

Whitewater,  a  post-village  in  Whitewater  township, 
Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  k  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  51  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  45  milot 
E.S.E.  of  Madison.  It  contains  10  churches,  a  normal 
school,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  collegiate 
institute.  It  has  manufactures  of  reapers,  furniture,  wagons, 
sash,  blinds,  <fco.  This  is  the  most  populous  village  or  town 
in  the  county.     Pop.  about  4000 ;  of  the  township,  4395. 

Whitewater  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  southward  through 
Butler  and  Cowley  cos.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Winfield.     It  is  nearly  125  miles  long. 

White  Water  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co., 
Minn.,  in  White  Water  township,  on  the  Minneiska  River, 
about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Winona. 

Whitewater  River,  Indiana,  is  formed  by  branches 
called  Martindale  Creek  and  Green's  and  Noland's  Forks. 
It  runs  southward  through  Fayette  co.  and  southeastward 
through  Franklin  co.,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  in  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.  It  is  about  120  miles  long,  including  one  of 
the  forks.  An  affluent  called  the  East  Branch  passes  by 
the  city  of  Richmond,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  main 
river  at  Brookville. 

Whitewater  River,  Missouri,  runs  southward  through 
the  COS.  of  Cape  Girardeau  and  Stoddard.  It  is  connected 
with  several  lakes  and  swamps  in  the  region  which  was 
damaged  by  an  earthquake  in  1811. 

White  Willow,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  oo.,  111.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Minooka. 

White  Willow,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 

White'wood,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  6  milea 
N.W.  of  Detroit. 

White  wood,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D. 

White  Wright,  whit'rit,  a  post- village  of  Grayson  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Denison  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Denison.     It  has  several  stores. 

Whitfield,  whit'feeld,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Geor- 
gia, bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  285  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connasauga  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  the  hickory,  chestnut,  oak,  beech,  Ac.  In- 
dian com,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Selma,  Rome  A 
Dalton,  Western  A  Atlantic,  and  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 
A  Georgia  Railroads.  These  all  meet  at  Dalton,  which  is 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,117;  in  1880, 
11,900;  in  1890,  12,916. 

Whitfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  about  18 
miles  S.  of  Coatopa. 

Whitfield,  a  station  in  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta 
A  West  Point  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  West  Point. 

Whitfield,  a  station  in  Jefi'erson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Fairfield. 

W^hitfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Centreville.     It  has  a  church. 

Whit'field,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  from  Orangeville.     Pop.  150. 

Whit'horn  {Leucophibia,  Ptolemy;  Candida  Casa, 
Bede),  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough  and  town 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  on  the  peninsula  between  Luce 
and  Wigtown  Bays,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Burrow-Head,  and 
3  miles  N.W.  of  its  port  at  the  Isle  of  Whithorn.  Pop.  of 
parliamentary  borough,  1577.  The  town  has  a  town  hall, 
a  jail,  and  several  churches.  The  borough,  with  Wigtown, 
Stranraer,  and  New  Galloway,  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     See  also  Isle  op  Whithorn. 

Whi'ting,  a  post-village  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pen- 
saeola  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  IPensaoola,  and  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Pollard.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of  its  station  is 
Junction. 

Whiting,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  A 
North  Alabama  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Calera.  Lime  and 
lumber  are  shipped  here.     Here  is  Longview  Post-Office. 

Whiting,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lake  co.,  Ind., 
near  Lake   Michigan,  on   the   Lake   Shore    A    Michigan        J 
Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  ^ 

Whiting,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sioux  City  A  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sioux 
City. 

Whiting,  a  post-village  in  Whiting  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
31  miles  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  broom-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  672. 


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2823 


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Whiting,  a  post-hamUt  in  Whiting  township,  Wash- 
ington 00.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Eastport.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  414. 

Whiting,  Putnam  CO.,  Mo.    See  Lemon's. 

Whiting,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Tucker- 
ton  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton,  and  24  miles  E.  of 
Mount  Holly.     It  has  2  churches. 

Whiting,  a  post-hamlet  in  Whiting  township,  Addison 
ao.,  Vt.,  on  the  Addison  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rut- 
land. It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  has  a  pop.  of  430. 

Whi'tingham,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ben- 
nington. It  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  leather,  and  lum- 
ber, and  quarries  of  limestone.  It  contains  villages  named 
Jacksonville,  Whitingham,  and  Sadawga.     Pop.  1263. 

Whi'tins,  a  station  on  the  Providence  A  Worcester 
Railroad,  17i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Worcester,  Mass. 

Whi'tinsville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Northbridge  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  4  churches,  a  high 
■cbool,  and  manuffvptures  of  cotton  goods  and  cotton  ma- 
chinery. It  is  li  miles  W.  of  Whitin's  Station  of  the  Provi- 
dence <k  Worcester  Railroad. 

Whitley,  whit'le,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Eel  River,  which  runs  southwestward.  The  surface 
is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and 
other  trees  cover  nearly  half  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  In- 
dian com,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
and  by  a  division  of  the  system  of  the  Wabash  Railroad 
Company.  Capital,  Columbia  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,399; 
in  1880,  16,941;  in  1890,  17,768. 

Whitley,  a  county  in  the  S.  or  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  Ri»rer,  and  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Laurel  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  grass,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  remarkable  objects  of  this  county  is  a  cataract 
of  the  Cumberland  River,  which  has  a  vertical  fall  of  about 
60  feet.  Capital,  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  8278;  in 
1880,  12,000;  in  1890,  17,590. 

Whitley  Court-House,  Ky.    See  Williamsburg. 

Whitley's  Point,  or  Summit,  a  post-village  of 
Moultrie  co..  111.,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mattoon.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Whitley's  Point. 

Whit'leyville,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn. 

Whit'lock,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  Dan 
River,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Danville.  It  contains  the 
Edgemont  school  for  boys. 

Whit'man,  a  post-town  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  6  churches,  3  national 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  graded  schools,  a 
large  boot-  and  shoe-factory,  tack-factories,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  4441. 

Whitman,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Washington, 
bordering  on  Idaho,  has  an  area  of  about  2124  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Snake  River,  and  drained  by 
the  Palouse  River.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Colfax.     Pop.  in  1880,  7014;  in  1890,  19,109. 

Whitman's,  a  station  in  Walla  Walla  co.,  Washington, 
5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Walla  Walla. 

Whit'mell  (formerly  Chestnut  Grove),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  about  300. 

Whit'mire,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  2i  miles 
from  Willow  Grove  Station,  which  is  8  miles  E.  of  Blooms- 
burg.     Here  is  Fowlersville  Post-Offioe. 

Whitmire's,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  oo.,  S.C. 

Whit'more,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  111.    Pop.  1111. 

Whitmore,  a  post-office  of  Surry  oo.,  Va. 

Whitmore  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  10  miles  N.  of  Ann  Arbor.     It  has  a  church. 

Whit'ney,  a  post-office  and  station  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Whitney,  a  post-office  of  Red  Willow  co.,  Neb. 

Whitney,  a  post-settlement  in  Northumberland  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  Cain's  River,  30  miles  from  Newcastle. 


Whitney,  Alonnt,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  on 
the  W.  border  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  8  miles  S.  of  Mount  Tyn- 
dal.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,898  feet  above  the  sea-leyeL 
"  It  is  the  culminating  point  of  an  immense  pile  of  granite, 
which  is  out  almost  to  the  centre  by  numerous  steep  and 
often  almost  vertical  caHons."  It  is  believed  to  be  the 
highest  mountain  in  California  and  in  the  United  States. 

Whitney  Ridge,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 
Pop.  18. 

tVhitney's  Crossings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Homellsville.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  manufactory  of 
heading  and  staves. 

Whitney's  Point,  a  post- village  in  Triangle  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tioghnioga  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Otselic  River,  and  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  A  New 
York  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  union  school  and  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  tannery,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  carriage-shops.  Pop. 
about  800. 

Whit'neyville,  a  village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  New  Haven  A  Northampton  Railroad,  about  3  miles  N. 
of  New  Havon.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
guns  and  pistols. 

Whitneyville,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  about 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic. 

Whitneyville,  a  post-village  in  Whitneyville  town- 
ship, Washington  co..  Me.,  on  the  Machias  River,  3^  miles 
W.  of  Machias.  It  has  a  church  and  4  lumber-mills.  A 
railroad  8  miles  long  connects  this  place  with  Maohiasport. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  569. 

Whitneyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Cascade  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
a  mineral  spring,  a  large  hotel,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Whitneyville,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  about 
3  miles  E.  of  Glassborough. 

Whi'ton,  a  post-office  of  De  Ealb  co.,  Ala. 

Whit'paine,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.    P.  1330. 

Whit'son,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 

Whit'stable,  a  maritime  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Swale  into  the  estuary  of  the 
Thames,  opposite  the  Isle  of  Sheppey,  and  6  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Canterbury,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Pop. 
5481.  The  town  and  harbor  are  protected  by  substantial 
embankments  from  land-floods  and  incursions  of  the  sea. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  near  it  are  extensive  oyster-grounds. 

Whitsunday  Island.    See  Pentecost  Island. 

Whit'sunday  Island,  South  Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat 
19°  24'  S.,  Ion.  138°  36'  W. 

Whitt,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tex. 

Whittaker,  Putnam  co.,  111.    See  Clear  Cbbkk. 

Whit'ted's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  oo.,  N.C. 

Whit'temore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  11  miles  W. 
of  Algona. 

Whittemore,  township,  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    P.  1986. 

Whit'ten's  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Whit'tenton,  a  village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  within  the 
city  limits  of  Taunton,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Taunton.  Here  are  machine- 
shops  and  large  cotton-factories. 

Whit'tier,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 

Whit'tingham,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Hadding- 
ton, 5  miles  E.  of  Haddington.  Near  the  village  are  Whit- 
tingham  Castle  and  Whittingham  House. 

Whit'tington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  2 
miles  N.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  a  chalybeate  spring,  which 
attracts  a  considerable  number  of  visitors.  The  Chester- 
field races  are  annually  held  on  Whittington  Moor. 

Whittington,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  3 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswestry,  with  stations  on  the  Great  West- 
ern and  Cambrian  Railways. 

Whit'tington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garland  oo.,  Ark., 
about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock. 

Whittle,  whit't^l,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Qa. 

Whittle's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  21^  miles  N.  of 
Danville. 

Whit'tlesey,  or  Whit'tlesea,  a  market-town  of 
England,  oo.  of  Cambridge,  Isle  of  Ely,  on  the  Eastern 
Counties  Railway,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peterborough.  Pop. 
4297.     It  has  a  church  and  several  chapels. 

Whittlesey,  whit't^l-se,  or  Lafayette,  laf-4-yfitt',  a 
post-hamlet  of  Medina  oo.,  0.,  in  Lafayette  township,  3^ 
miles  W.  of  Chippewa  Lake  Station,  and  about  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Medina.  It  has  several  churches.  Here  is  Whittleae* 
Post-Offioe 


WHI 


2824 


WIC 


Whyboo,  hwib'oo,  a  large  town  of  West  Africa,  on  the 
route  inland  to  Abomey,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Whydah. 

Whycoco'mah,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  an  arm  of  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  18  miles  from  Mabou, 
and  35  miles  from  Port  Hastings.  At  its  back  high  rugged 
hills  rise  amphitheatre-like,  while  from  its  feet  stretch  out 
the  waters  of  Whycocomah  Bay.  It  contains  about  a  dozen 
stores.     Pop.  400. 

Whydah,  or  Whidah,  hwid'da,  a  district  of  Africa, 
forming  a  province  of  Dahomey,  on  the  Slave  Coast  of 
Quinea,  bordering  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  in  lat.  6°  30'  N.,  Ion. 
2°  to  2°  30'  E.  It  is  highly  fertile,  and  the  inhabitants 
manufacture  and  dye  good  cloths,  which,  with  gold-dust, 
palm  oil,  and  ivory,  they  exchange  to  traders  for  foreign 
manufactures  and  other  produce. 

Whyd'ah,  or  Whid'ah,  sometimes  written  Judah, 
a  town  of  West  Africa,  in  the  above  district  of  Dahomey,  on 
a  lagoon  near  the  Atlantic,  100  miles  W.  of  Lagos.  Lat. 
6°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  5'  E.  Pop.  about  15,000.  Palm  oil, 
ivory,  and  salt,  the  last  of  which  is  made  here,  are  the 
principal  articles  of  trade.  It  is  the  second  town  in  the 
district  for  population,  but  the  first  for  commerce,  although 
it  has  no  harbor,  goods  being  landed  in  surf-boats. 

Whyiostacke,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Ailutaki. 

Why  Not,  a  hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Meridian. 

Why  Not,  a  post-oflSce  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Wiar'ton,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  at  the 
head  of  Colpoy's  Bay,  20i  miles  N.W.  of  Owen  Sound. 
The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  Georgian  Bay.     Pop.  200. 

Wiaama,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Viazha. 

Wiasniki,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Viazniki. 

Wiatka,  Russia.     See  Viatka. 

Wiblingwerde,  ^ib'ling-^fiR^^h,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, province  of  Westphalia,  government  and  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1240. 

Wiborg,  Denmark  and  Russia.     See  Viboro. 

Wibrin,  vee^briuo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Luxembourg,  35  miles  N.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1197. 

Wichelen,  wiK'?h-l§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  railway  between  Ghent  and  Mechlin,  6 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Dendermonde.     Pop.  of  commune,  3796. 

Wichita,  wich'e-tah  or  wish-e'taw,  a  county  in  the  W. 
part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  afliuents  of  Smoky  Hill  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.     Pop.  in  1890,  1827. 

Wichita,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Red  River,  and  is  intersected  in  the  southern  part 
by  the  Wichita  River.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Fort  Worth  &,  Denver  City  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Wichita  Falls,  the  capital.    Pop.  in  1880, 433 ;  in  1890,  4831. 

Wichita,  a  city,  capital  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Newton, 
and  100  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia.  It  is  also  a  centre  of  4  or 
5  other  railroads.  It  contains  several  banks,  a  number  of 
churches,  4  daily  and  11  weekly  newspapers,  graded  schools, 
glass-factories,  flour-mills,  planing-mills,  woollen-mills,  car- 
riage-factories, Ac.  Near  here  is  a  productive  vineyard. 
Natural  gas,  lime,  and  oil  are  also  found.  The  census  of 
1890  gives  the  capital  invested  in  the  industries  of  Wichita 
at  $2,830,029,  and  the  value  of  the  product  at  $4,719,336. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4911 ;  in  1890,  23,853. 

Wichita  Agency.    See  Anadarko. 

Wichita  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wichita  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Wichita  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Worth  &  Den- 
ver City  Railroad,  about  95  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  3  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  general  stores.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1987. 

Wichita  (or  Big  Wichita)  River  rises  in  the  N. 
part  of  Texas,  and  runs  nearly  eastward.  It  intersects  the 
COS.  of  Knox,  Baylor,  and  AVichita,  and  enters  Red  River 
in  Clay  co.  It  is  about  225  miles  long.  The  Little  Wichita 
runs  northeastward  through  Clay  co.,  and  enters  Red  River. 

Wick,  a  borough  and  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Caithness,  on  its  E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Wick,  in  a  deep  bay,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Duncansby  Head. 
Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  8131.  Wick  proper,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  river,  communicates  N.  with  Louisburg  and 
Boathaven,  and  S.  with  Pulteney  Town.  It  contains  a 
town  hall,  court-house,  several  churches,  banking-offices,  and 
savings-banks,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  school-house,  and 
reading-rooms.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Wiok  has  been  for  upwards  of  half  a  century  the  head- 
fuarters  of  the  herring-fishery  of  Scotland.  Boat-building, 


rope-making,  and  barrel-making  are  actively  carried  oih 
It  has  an  export  trade  in  wool  and  cattle,  and  imports  of 
coal,  timber,  and  colonial  produce. 

Wick,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wick,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Toronto  <fc  Nipissing  Railway,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Toronto. 
It  contains  a  hotel  and  2  stores.     Pop.  125. 

Wickacanee,  wik-a-ka-nee',  a  township  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  1641. 

Wick'atunk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Freehold  <fe  New  York  Railroad,  li  miles  from  Marl- 
borough. 

Wick'enburg,  a  post-village  of  Maricopa  oo.,  Arizona, 
on  Hassayampa  River,  82  miles  S.  of  Presoott.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  here. 

Wickenrode,  ^ik^k^n-ro'd^h,  a  village  of  Hesse-Gas- 
sel,  Nieder-Hessen,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cassel. 

Wickes,  wiks,  a  post-office  and  mining-town  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Montana.   It  has  silver-mines  and  reduction-works. 

Wick'ford,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Kingston  township,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Narragansett 
Bay,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Providence,  and  10  miles  2^. W. 
of  Newport.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  contains  2  churches, 
a  national  bank,  an  academy,  and  several  cotton-mills.  It 
is  on  a  short  branch  of  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Rail- 
road, also  on  the  Newport  <k  Wickford  Railroad.     Pop.  801. 

Wickford  Junction,  a  station  in  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  Stonington  A  Providence  Railroad,  20  miles  S. 
of  Providence.  A  branch  railroad  2^  miles  long  connects 
this  place  with  Wickford. 

Wick'ham,  a  post-village  in  Queens  oo..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  St.  John  River,  32  miles  above  Saint  John. 
It  contains  a  store  and  2  saw-mills,  and  has  first-class  fa- 
cilities for  ship-building.     Pop.  250. 

Wickham,  Quebec.    See  Wheatland. 

Wickliffe,  wik'lif,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
about  48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wickliffe,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.    See  Green  Island. 

Wicklitfe,  Ballard  co.,  Ky.    See  Fort  Jefferson. 

Wicklitfe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lak* 
Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Wickliffe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Va. 

Wicklow,  wik'15,  a  county  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  having 
E.  the  sea,  N.,  W.,  and  S.  the  cos.  of  Dublin,  Kildare,  Car- 
low,  and  Wexford.  Area,  782  square  miles.  Pop.  78,697. 
The  coast  is  mostly  precipitous,  dangerous  owing  to  shoals, 
and  presenting  only  the  indifferent  harbors  of  Wicklow  and 
Arklow ;  the  centre  of  the  county  is  a  maze  of  mountains. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Liff^ey  and  Slaney,  in  the  W.,  and  the 
Avoca  and  Vartrey,  in  the  E.,  all  of  which  rise  in  the  county. 
The  soil  is  fertile  in  the  lowlands ;  the  county  is  in  many  parts 
well  wooded  and  extremely  picturesque.  Principal  crops, 
oats  and  potatoes, ^ith  some  wheat  in  the  E. ;  in  the  moun- 
tains, grazing  is  the  principal  branch  of  husbandry.  From 
10,000  to  12,000  tons  of  copper  ore  and  from  1400  to  3800 
tons  of  lead  annually  are  produced ;  and  large  quantities 
of  sulphuret  of  iron,  and  some  gold,  are  met  with.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Wicklow,  Arklow,  and  Bray.  The  county  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wicklow,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vartrey,  at  the  head  of  a 
small  bay,  on  a  railway,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Dublin.  Pop. 
3164.  It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  some  im- 
port trade,  and  exports  copper  ore  and  grain.  Wicklow 
Head,  about  2i  miles  E.S.E.,  is  surmounted  by  two  light- 
houses, respectively  540  and  250  feet  in  height,  in  lat.  52° 
57'  9"  N.,  Ion.  6°  W. 

Wick'low,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  S.D. 

Wicklow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carleton  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  St.  John  River,  6  miles  from  Florenceville. 

Wicklow,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 2i  miles  from  Grafton.     Pop.  100. 

Wickrath,  ^^ik'rit,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Niers,  a 
few  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  factories, 
paper-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  4790. 

Wicks'burg,  a  post-office  of  Dale  co.,  Ala. 

Wick'Avar,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Gloucester,  on  the  Midland  Railway,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Bristol.     Pop.  of  parish,  902. 

Wickwire  Station,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Milford. 

Wicom'ico,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maryland, 
bordering  on  Delaware,  has  an  area  of  about  369  sqnara 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Pocomoke  River,  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Nanticoke,  and  is  drained  by  the  Wicomico 
River.  Chesapeake  Bay  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  this 
county,  which  is  a  portion  of  the  section  called  the  Eastern 
Shore.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 


WIC 


2826 


WIE 


•red  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  oedar,  and  other 
trees.  Indian  corn,  lumber,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Balti- 
more <fc  Eastern  Shore  Railroad  (formerly  the  Wicomico  <fc 
Pocomoke  Railroad),  and  by  the  New  York,  Philadelphia 
&,  Norfolk  Railroad.  Capital,  Salisbury.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,802;  in  1880,  18,016;  in  1890,  19,930, 

Wicomico  Church,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland 
00.,  Va.,  about  70  miles  E.N,E.  of  Richmond. 

Wicomico  River,  Maryland,  rises  in  Wicomico  co,, 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  on  the 
boundary-line  between  Somerset  and  Wicomico  cos.  Small 
vessels  can  ascend  it  to  Salisbury, 

Wiconisco,  wik^o-nis'ko,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Wiconisco  township,  on  the  Summit  Branch 
Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Lykens,  and  about  30  miles  N,  by 
E.  of  Harrisburg.  Coal  is  mined  in  this  township.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2993. 

Wiconisco  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill 
CO.,  runs  nearly  westward  through  Dauphin  co.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River  at  Millersburg. 

Wicze,  a  village  of  Austria,     See  Witsche, 

WiczemilOAV,  the  Bohemian  name  of  Nihburs. 

WidaAvka,  ♦e-div'ki,  or  Widawa,  ♦e-di'vi,  a  town 
of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  44  miles  S.E.  of  Kalisz, 
on  the  Widawka.  Pop.  2175.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linens  and  hosiery. 

Wid'der,  or  Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co., 
Ontario,  2i  miles  from  Widder  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Widdern,  ^id'd^rn,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 
Jaxt,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oehringen.     Pop,  1305. 

Wid'der  Station,  or  Thed'ford,  a  post-village  in 
Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  136J 
miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen- 
mills,  several  stores,  and  hotels.  A  weekly  newspaper  is 
published  here.     Pop.  500. 

Wide  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Queensland,  East  Australia, 
lat.  26°  S.  It  receives  the  Mary  River,  and  has  opposite  to 
it  a  part  of  Great  Sandy  Island. 

Widefield,  wid'feeld,  a  station  in  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Col- 
orado Springs. 

Wideman,  wid'man,  a  post-office  of  Izard  co..  Ark,,  15 
miles  N.  of  Melbourne. 

Wideman's,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S,C, 

Widin,  Widdin,  ♦id'din^  or  Vid'din  (L.  Vi'da;  Fr. 
Vidine,  ve'deen'),  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Bulgaria,  on 
the  Danube,  near  the  Servian  frontier,  46  miles  S.  of  Gla- 
dova.  Pop.  (1888)  14,772,  It  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek 
archbishop,  and  has  numerous  mosques,  and  some  trade  in 
rock  salt,  corn,  and  wine ;  but  its  only  good  building  is  the 
office  of  the  Austrian  Steam  Navigation  Company, 

Widnau,  ♦id'nSw,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  St.  Gall,  near  the  Rhine. 

Wid'ner,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind,     Pop,  1704. 

Wid'nes,  a  town  and  township  of  England,  in  Lan- 
cashire, on  the  Mersey,  opposite  Runcorn,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  bridge.  It  has  manufactures  of  ohemioals, 
copper,  and  oil.     Pop.  14,359. 

Wied,  ^eed,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  rises  in  the 
Westerwald,  flows  S.,  and  falls  into  the  Rhine  near  Neuwied. 

Wieda,  ^ee'di,  a  village  of  Brunswick,  circle  of  Blauk- 
enburg,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Walkenried,     Pop,  1397, 

Wiedenbriick,  -free'd^n-briik^  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  40  miles  S,W,  of  Minden,  on  the  Ems,   P.  2856. 

Wiedikon,  ^ee'de-k9n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  close  to  the  botanical  garden  of  Zurich.  Pop,  of 
commune,  2848. 

Wiegstadtl,  or  Wigst£ldtl,  ♦eeo'stfitt'l,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Silesia,  12  miles  S.S,W,  of  Troppau.     Pop,  2763. 

Wiegst£Ldtl,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  36  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop,  700. 

Wiehe,  ^ee'^h,  or  Weche,  ♦Sa'^h,  a  town  of  i^russian 
Saxony,  27  miles  W.S.W,  of  Merseburg,  capital  of  the  cir- 
cle of  Eckartsberge.     Pop.  2116, 

Wiekevorst,  wee'k?h-voBst\  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  and  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Wimpe. 

Wiek  Loningeu,  Germany.     See  Loninqek. 

Wielbark,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Willbnbers. 

Wielichowo,  ^e-4Me-Ko'vo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Po- 
land, 32  miles  S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1424. 

Wieliczka,  ^e-litch'ka  or  v'yi-litch'ki,  a  mining  town 
of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  18  miles  W.  of  Bochnia.  Pop.  4536, 
It  is  celebrated  for  its  salt-mine,  probably  the  largest  and 
most  productive  in  the  world,  yielding  annually  upwards 
of  700,000  owt.  of  rock  salt.  Within  this  mine  are  a  fresh- 
water lake,  a  rivulet,  and  chapels  hewn  out  of  rock  salt. 
178 


Wieliz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Velizh. 

Wielsbeke,  weels'b&'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  la 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  18  milei  S,  of  Bruges.   P.  1694, 

Wielun,  ^e-i'loon,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  prov- 
ince and  44  miles  S.E.  of  Kalisz.  Pop.  4413,  many  of 
whom  are  Jews.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  elotha. 

Wiemelhansen,  ^ee'm^l-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prusiia^ 
in  Westphalia,  near  Bochum.     Pop,  2760. 

Wien,  the  capital  city  of  Austria,     See  Viemha. 

Wien,  ween,  a  post-h^mlet  of  Chariton  eo.,  Mo.,  0  milM 
from  New  Cambria. 
-  Wien,  a  township  of  Marathon  oo,.  Wis,    Pop.  224. 

Wiener-Neustadt,  Austria.    See  Nedstast. 

Wienerwald,  *ee'n§r-*4lt^  (the  "Vienna  Forert"), » 
mountain-range  of  Austria,  a  branch  of  the  Norio  Alps, 
extending  from  the  Styrian  frontier  N.E.  to  the  Danub^ 
near  Vienna,  and  separating  Lower  Austria  into  the  oirolai 
above  and  below  the  Wienerwald. 

Wieprz,  ^yipRzh  or  ^e-ipnzh',  a  river  of  Russian 
Poland,  government  of  Lublin,  rises  S.  of  Zamosz,  flows  N. 
and  W,,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Vistula. 

Wierde,  weeu'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Namur,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name.     Pop,  1399, 

Wierden,  ween'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Deventer.    P.  of  commune,  5639. 

Wieringen,wee'ring-9n,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Holder.     Length,  6  miles.     Pop.  1966. 

Wiers,  weens,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  tha 
Canal  of  Antoing,  22  miles  W.  of  Mons,  Pop,  of  com- 
mune, 3228. 

Wieruszow,  ^e-i-roo-shov',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
province  and  31  miles  S,  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Prosna.    P,  2681, 

Wierzbolow,*e-aiRzh-bo'lov,Wirballen,orWyr- 
ballen,  MR-b&l'l^n,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province 
of  Suvalki,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilkowiszki.     Pop.  3554. 

Wiesbaden, ^ees'b&^d^n,  or  Wisbaden,^i8'b&^dQn, 
a  town  and  one  of  the  principal  watering-places  of  v  «rmany, 
in  the  Prussian  province  of  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  I  ilzbacb, 
an  affluent  of  the  Rhine,  and  at  the  S.  foot  of  the  Taunui 
Mountains,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mentz.  Pop,  55,457.  Th« 
chief  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  infantry  and  artillery  bar- 
racks, mint,  and  theatre;  the  Kursaal,  a  large  edifice, 
contains  a  vast  saloon  and  many  fine  apartments.  It 
has  many  good  inns  and  lodging-houses,  an  old  and  a  new 
castle,  Roman  Catholic,  Lutheran,  and  Calvinist  churches, 
a  hospital,  orphan  asylum,  public  library  with  50,000  vol- 
umes, museum  of  antiquities,  and  gallery  of  paintings. 
Its  springs,  the  ancient  Aquee  Mattiaci,  are  saline,  contain- 
ing silica,  iron,  and  free  carbonic  acid ;  and  the  hottest,  the 
Koohbrunn,  has  a  temperature  of  150°  Fahrenheit. 

Wiese,  *ee'z?h,  Wiesen,  ^ee'z^n,  or  Wiesa,  ^ee's&, 
a  river  of  Germany,  rises  on  the  Feldberg,  in  the  S.  of 
Baden,  flows  first  S,W,,  then  W,S.W,,  and  joins  the  Rhine 
on  the  right,  about  2  miles  below  Basel.     Length,  45  miles. 

Wiese,  ^ee'z^h,  or  Wiesa,  ♦ee'zi,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
15  miles  S.S.E,  of  Chemnitz,  with  public  baths.     Pop,  646. 

Wiese,  Gr3.flich,  grdfliK  ^ee'z^h,  a  village  of  Praa- 
Bian  Silesia,  in  Oppeln,  circle  of  Neustadt.     Pop.  1740. 

Wieselburg,  ♦ee'z^l-bSSRG^  (Hun.  Motony,  mo^shoS'), 
a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  an  arm  of  the 
Danube,  21  miles  S.S.E,  of  Presburg.     Pop.  4429, 

Wieselburg,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Austria,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Great  and  Little  Erlaf,  23  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Polten. 

Wiesen,  Germany  and  Switzerland.    See  Wiese. 

Wiesenbronn,  *ee'z§n-bronn\  a  village  of  Bavaria^ 
in  Lower  Frauconia,  near  Kitzingen,     Pop.  1020. 

Wiesensteig,  ^ee'z$n-stiG\  a  town  of  AVUrtemberg^ 
circle  of  Danube,  on  the  Fils,  19  miles  N,W.  of  Ulm, 

Wiesenthal,  ^ee'z^n-t^l^  (Obeb,  o'b^r,  and  Uktkr, 
SSn't^r),  two  towns  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau,  on  the 
Bohemian  frontier,  27  miles  S.  of  Chemnitz.  United  pop, 
2828,  chiefly  engaged  in  mining. 

Wiesenthal,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  and  20  milea 
N.E,  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Erz-Gebirge.  Pop.  880,  employed 
in  silver-,  copper-,  and  tin-mines, 

Wieseutnal,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duohy  of 
Baden,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Philipsburg,     Pop.  2276. 

Wiesentheid,  <^ee'B9n-tIte\  a  market-town  of  BaT»- 
ria,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  WUrzburg,     Pop,  1302. 

Wiesloch,  ^ees'loK,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Leimbach,  and  on  the  Baden  Railway,  8 
miles  S.  of  Heidelberg,     Pop,  3068. 

Wiess  (wis,  or  Weiss)  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jaspei 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Neohes  River,  about  90  miles  N.E.  of  €hd- 
veston.    It  has  a  store  and  7  families. 


WIE 


2826 


WIL 


Wiestetz-Kralowy.    See  Konigstadtl. 
Wiewalitz,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Langkndobp. 

Wieze,  wee'z^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
18  miles  E.S.B.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1708. 

Wiflisburg,  a  town  of  Switzerland.  See  Avenches. 
Wig'an,  a  borough  and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, on  the  Douglas  River,  on  the  Leeds  k  Liverpool 
Canal,  and  on  the  Northwestern  Railway,  at  the  intersection 
of  the  Lancashire  &,  Yorkshire  Line,  ISJ  miles  S.  of  Pres- 
ton. Pop.  65,013.  The  town,  the  centre  of  a  productive 
coal-field,  is  pretty  well  built  and  improving,  but  it  has  a 
blackened  appearance  from  numerous  furnaces.  The  church 
is  a  stately  old  edifice,  containing  several  fine  monuments ; 
and  here  are  several  dissenting  chapels,  a  large  town  hall, 
sessions  hall,  commercial  hall  for  the  sale  of  manufactures, 
a  borough  jail,  subscription  library,  mechanics'  institute, 
dispensary,  barracks,  grammar-school,  and  a  school  of 
mines.  The  population  are  extensively  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  and  in  iron- 
works, and  factories  for  edge-tools,  nails,  brass-wares,  ma- 
chinery, and  agricultural  implements.  Till  1885,  Wigan  re- 
turned two  members  to  Parliament ;  since,  only  one. 

Wiggher,  ♦ik'k^r,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Lucerne,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Aar  on  the  right  at  Aar- 
burg.     Length,  21  miles. 

Wig'gins'  Cross  Roads,  post-office.  Gates  co.,  N.C. 

Wig'ginsville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ga.,  24 
miles  S.  of  Geneva.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wig'gonsville,  a  post- village  in  Tate  township,  Cler- 
mont CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Amelia.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Wigg's,  a  station  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  <fc  In- 
lianajolis  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  Ind. 

Wight,  Isle  of.     See  Isle  op  Wight. 

Wignehies,  veen^y^h-ee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
7  miles  from  Avesnes.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  brewery,  and 
manufactures  of  hosiery.     Pop.  3261. 

Wigry,  •^ee'gre  or  vee'grlh,  a  lake  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Suvalki,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Suvalki.  Greatest 
length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles  ;  mean  breadth,  about  1  mile. 
On  an  island  in  the  lake  is  an  old  monastery,  now  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Bishop  of  Lithuania. 

Wigstftdtl,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Wieostadtl. 

Wig'ton,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, on  the  Carlisle  k  Whitehaven  Railway,  Hi  miles  S.W. 
of  Carlisle.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  has  an  endowed 
grammar-school,  a  Friends'  school,  a  hospital  for  widows  of 
the  clergy,  several  branch  banks,  and  manufactures  of  ging- 
hams, muslins,  fustians,  and  checks.  A  large  horse-fair, 
and  5  other  annual  fairs,  are  held  here.     Pop.  3426. 

Wig'tOAvn,  Wig'ton,  or  Wigtownshire,  wig't9n- 
ehir,  or  West  Gal'l0Aray,the  most  southwestern  county 
of  Scotland,  having  on  the  E.  the  stewartry  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, N.  Ayrshire,  W.  the  North  Channel,  and  S.  the  Irish 
Sea.  Area,  612  square  miles.  Pop.  38,830.  On  the  S.  it 
is  indented  by  Wigtown  and  Luce  Bays,  and  the  latter, 
with  Loch  Ryan  on  the  N.W.,  nearly  shut  ofif  from  the  rest 
of  the  area,  forms  the  peninsula  called  the  Rhinns  of  Ghil- 
loway.  Surface  undulating,  rising  towards  the  N.  to  1600 
feet  above  the  sea.  Principal  rivers,  the  Cree,  which  forms 
the  B.  boundary,  Bladenoch,  Tarf,  and  Luce,  all  flowing  S. 
About  one-third  of  the  county  consists  of  moorlands,  inter- 
spersed with  small  lakes,  the  principal  of  which  are  Dowal- 
ton  and  Castle  Kennedy  Lochs.  Principal  crops,  oats  and 
barley;  but  considerable  quantities  of  wheat,  potatoes,  and 
turnips  are  raised.  Breeds  of  cattle  are  very  superior. 
Principal  towns,  Wigtown,  Stranraer,  and  Whithorn.  The 
county  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons-.  It 
abound  with  antiquities,  chiefly  those  antecedent  to  the 
Roman  dominion. 

Wigtown,  or  Wigton,  a  royal  parliamentary  borough 
and  seaport  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Bladenoch  in  Wigtown  Bay,  9  miles  N.  of 
Whithorn.  Pop.  of  burgh,  1841.  It  is  well  built  and  clean, 
and  has  a  town  house,  with  a  court-room  and  assembly- 
rooms,  a  subscription  library,  prison,  custom-house,  stamp- 
office,  and  an  elegant  market-cross.  The  harbor,  about  J  of 
a  mile  distant,  belongs  to  the  port  of  Dumfries.     Steamers 

Ely  to  Liverpool.     The  burgh  unites  with  Stranraer,  Whit- 
orn,  and  New  Galloway  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Wigtown  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  between 
Wigtownshire  and  the  stewartry  of  Kirkcudbright,  is  15 
miles  in  length ;  breadth  at  entrance,  12  miles.  At  its 
head  it  receives  the  Cree. 

Wiheries,  vee'^h-ree',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
Baut,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2080. 


Wychen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Wtchbk, 
Wijhe,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Wthe. 
Wijk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Wyk. 
Wijk  bij  Duurstede.     See  Wyk  bei  DmrRsxEDB. 
Wijnkoopsbaai,  De.    See  Wynkoopsbaai. 
Wikle's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  N.C. 

Wil'bar,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  60  milw 
N.N.W.  of  Statesville. 

Wil'barger,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  940  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Red 
River.    Capital,  Vernon.    Pop.  in  1880, 126 ;  in  1890,  7092. 

Wil'ber,  a  post-hamlet  in  Big  Bend  township,  Repabli« 
CO.,  Kansas,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Belvidere,  Neo. 

Wilber,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  or  near 
the  Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Beatrice  Branch  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches.    P.  710. 

WiVberforce,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  0. 

Wil'berforce,  a  village  of  New  South  Wales,  Aua- 
tralia,  co.  of  Cook,  on  Hawkesbury  River,  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Sydney. 

Wil'bonrne,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Wil'braham,  a  post-village  in  Wiibraham  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Springfield,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  Wiibraham  Station  (Collins  Depot)  of  the 
Boston  k  Albany  Railroad.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches, 
also  the  Wesleyan  Academy,  a  celebrated  Methodist  insti- 
tution. The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Chioo- 
pee  River,  and  has  manufactories  of  woollen  goods  and  a 
paper-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1814. 

Wil'bur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Gregg 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Centreton.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Wilbnr,  a  post- village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondout 
Creek,  2  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  an  extensive  trade 
in  flagging-stone  or  blnestone,  which  is  sawed  and  prepared 
here.     It  is  now  part  of  the  city  of  Kingston. 

Wilbnr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  8  miles 
N.  of  Roseburg.     It  contains  the  Umpqna  Academy. 

Wilbnr,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pada- 
oah  k  Memphis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 

Wil'burton,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  111.     P.  1509. 

Wilchingen,  ^il'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  8  miles  W.  of  Schafi°han8en.     Pop.  1300. 

Wil'cox,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  940  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Alabama  River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steam- 
boats, and  is  partly  drained  by  Cedar  and  Pine  Barren 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  pork,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Mobile  k  Birmingham  Railway.  Capital,  Camden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,377;  in  1880,  31,828;  in  1890,  30,816. 

Wilcox,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  563  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B. 
by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  AUa- 
paha  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Savan- 
nah, Americus  k  Montgomery  Railway.  Capital,  Abbeville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2439;  in  1880,  3109;  in  1890,  7980. 

Wilcox,  a  township  of  Hancock  eo.,  HL    Pop.  4058. 

Wilcox,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Clarion 
River  and  the  Philadelphia  k  Erie  Railroad,  15  miles  N. 
of  Ridgway.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  large  tannery,  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Wilcox,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  57 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Laramie  City,  Wyoming. 

Wilcox's,  a  station  in  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  State 
Line  k  Sullivan  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Towanda. 

Wilcox  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Charles  City  co.,  Va., 
near  the  Potomac,  3  miles  W.  of  Charles  City  Court-House. 

Wild  Am^monoo'snc,  a  small  river  of  Grafton  co., 
N.H.,  enters  the  Lower  Ammonoosuc  at  Bath. 

Wildbad,  ^ilt'bit,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Enz,  in  a  deep  valley,  28  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2700.     It  has  warm  baths. 

Wildbad-Gastein,  Austria.    See  Gastbin. 

Wildberg,  ^ilt'bJRG,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Nagold,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stuttgart. 

Wild'brier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  2i  miles 
from  Brooklyn  Station,  and  about  12  miles  W.N. W.  of  West 
Chester. 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
from  Cutler  Station,  and  about  22  miles  B.  of  Lafayett*. 
It  has  a  church. 


WIL 


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WIL 


Wild  Cat,  a  township  of  Tipton  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1547. 

Wild  Cat,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  692. 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Manhattan.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Beatrice. 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo.,  S.C, 

Wild  Cat  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Tipton  co.,  runs 
westward  through  the  cos.  of  Howard  and  Carroll,  and 
enters  the  Wabash  River  4  or  5  miles  above  Lafayette.  It 
is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Wild  Cherry,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Wildemann,  ♦il'd^h-minn^  a  mining  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  in  the  Harz,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Clausthal. 

Wildenfels,  *il'd§n-ffils\  a  town  of  Saxony,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Chemnitz,  with  a  noble  residence.     Pop.  3133. 

Wildenschwert,  or  Wildenschwero,  ♦il'd^n- 
shwfiRt\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  E.  of  Chrudim,  on 
the  Adler,  and  on  the  railway  from  Briinn  to  Prague.  Pop. 
4121.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Wilder,  wil'd^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  City  division  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <k 
Santa  Fg  Railroad,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Wilder,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sioux 
City  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Windom. 

Wilderman,  wll'd^r-man,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Belle- 
▼ille,  111. 

Wil'derness,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 
E.  of  Starke. 

Wilderness,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  2  miles  S.  of  the  Rapidan  River,  and  15  miles  W.  of 
Fredericksburg.  A  great  battle  was  fought  here  between 
General  Grant  and  General  Lee,  May  5  and  6,  1864.  Gold 
is  found  near  this  place. 

Wild'ers,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1203. 

Wildersville,  wild'^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hender- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  15  miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.    It  has  a  church. 

Wildervank,  wil'd^r-vink^  or  wil'd^r-fink^  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Groningen,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Win- 
schoten.     Pop.  of  commune,  7375. 

Wiiderville,wild'§r-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Josephine  CO., 
Oregon,  75  miles  S.  of  Roseburg.     Gold  is  found  near  here. 

Wilderville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falls  co., Tex.,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Calvert.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  mill. 

Wildeshausen,  ♦il'd^s-hSw^zfn,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Oldenburg,  on  the  Hunte,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bremen. 
Pop.  1958. 

Wild  Flower,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

Wild  Goose,  a  post-office  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn. 

Wildhans,  ♦ilt'hSwss,  a  mountain-village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  15  miles  S.  of  St.  Gall,  with  the  house  in 
which  the  reformer  Zwingli  was  born,  January  1,  1484. 

Wild  Horse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas, 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Wa  Keeney.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Wildon,  ^il'dpn,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Styria, 
6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  1008. 

Wild  Rice,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Wild  Rice  River,  Minnesota,  issues  from  Rice  Lake, 
which  is  on  the  W.  border  of  Beltrami  co.  It  runs  west- 
ward through  Polk  co.,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the 
North  near  lat.  47**  16'  N.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Wild  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Plainfield.     It  has  2  stores. 

Wild8Chiitz,^ilt'shiits,  or  Wiltsch,  ^iltsh,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  1248. 

Wildschiitz,  or  Wiltsch,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle 
of  Troppau,  in  the  valley  of  ^uchberg.     Pop.  1341. 

Wildungen,  Alt,  41t  ^il'dSSng-^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, 7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waldeck,  on  the  Wilde.    Pop.  450. 

Wildungen,  Nieder,  nee'd^r  ♦il'dSSng-^n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  S.  of  Alt  Wildungen.  It  has  a  lyceum  and  min- 
eral springs.     Pop.  1780. 

Wildwood,  wild'wood,  post-office,  Randolph  oo.,  Ala. 

Wildwood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dade  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Chattanooga. 

Wildwood,  a  post-office  of  Rice  oo.,  Kansas,  about  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Hutchinson. 

Wildwood,  Louisiana.     See  Deruark. 

Wildwood,  a  township  of  Craven  co,,  N.C.   Pop.  2241. 

Wildwood,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wiley,  wi'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa.,  about  54 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 


Wiley's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Searcy  co..  Ark.,  about 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marshall.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wiley  Station,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Greenville  and  Richmond,  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Richmond,  Ind. 

Wileysville,  wl'llz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steaben  oo., 
N.Y.,  22  miles  S.  of  Homellsville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Wileysville,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wil'frid,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  8)  milM 
W.  of  Cannington.     Pop.  110. 

Wilhelmsburg,  •^irh^lms-bBSRO^  a  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  PSlten.     P.  1442. 

Wilhelmsbnrg,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Middle  Franconia,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Nuremberg. 

Wilhelmshafen,  ■ftil'h^lms-hi^fjn,  a  seaport  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  Jahde  Territory,  and  on  the  Jahde  estuary, 
33  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen.  Pop.  10,158.  It  is  fortified, 
and  is  one  of  the  principal  naval  stations  on  the  North  Sea, 
founded  in  1869.     See  also  Jahde. 

Wilhelmsthal,  *irhelms-t|l\  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, near  the  Austrian  frontier,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glatz. 

Wilia,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Vilia. 

Wilkes,  wilks,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  464  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Little  River,  and 
is  drained  by  Fishing  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.    Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 

Eroducts.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  iron  ore.  A 
ranch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  terminates  at  Washington, 
the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,796;  in  1880, 
15,985;  in  1890,  18,081. 

Wilkes,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Yadkin  River,  which  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  also 
drained  by  Reddie's  River  and  Elkin  Creek.  The  surface 
is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  chestnut,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The 
Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  northern  border  of  this  county. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Richmond  <fc 
Danville  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Wilkesborough,  the 
capital.     Poplin  1880,  19,181;  in  1890,  22,675. 

Wilkes-Barre,  a  thriving  city  of  Pennsylvania,  the 
capital  of  Luzerne  co.,  and  one  of  the  most  progressive  and 
important  of  the  inland  cities  of  the  state,  is  on  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  convergence  of 
not  less  than  6  railroads,  174  miles  from  New  York  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Lehigh  Valley,  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  <fc  Western,  and  Wilkes-Barre  <fc  Eastern 
systems.  It  is  154  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  is  situated  in  the  beautiful  Wyoming  Valley  and 
is  surrounded  by  the  most  magnificent  mountain  scenery. 
Wilkes-Barre  contains  36  churches,  3  theatres,  3  national 
banks  and  4  state  banks,  a  trust  company,  a  female  semi- 
nary, an  academy,  a  superior  public  school  system  (with 
19  school-buildings),  while  at  the  suburban  village  of 
Kingston,  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  is  the  Wy- 
oming Seminary  for  both  sexes,  with  an  average  attend- 
ance of  about  400  students.  There  are  4  daily  and  12 
weekly  periodicals.  As  a  manufacturing  town  Wilkes- 
Barre  holds  an  important  place,  having  in  1890,  as  reported 
in  the  United  States  census,  155  establishments,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  $3,237,253,  giving  employment  to 
3039  hands,  and  producing  goods  (chiefly  carriages  and 
wagons  and  the  products  of  flouring-  and  grist-mills,  foun- 
dries and  machine-shops,  lumber-  and  planing-mills,  and 
wire-works)  valued  at  $4,551,466.  The  aggregate  of  wages 
paid  was  $1,286,095,  and  the  value  of  material  consumed 
$2,494,809.  There  are  besides  large  axle-works,  lace- 
factories,  and  silk-mills,  while  the  working  of  the  numerous 
coal-mines  in  the  vicinity  constitutes  the  most  important 
industry.  Many  of  the  leading  citizens  have  inherited  or 
otherwise  acquired  great  wealth,  and  their  mansions  occupy 
the  principal  avenues  of  the  city.  Pop.  in  1880,  23,339  ; 
in  1890,  37,718;  in  1895  (estimated),  50,000. 

Wilkesborough,  wilks'biir-riih,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Wilkes  CO.,  N.C,  in  Wilkesborough  township,  on  the 
Tadkin  River,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Statesville,  and  about 
70  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  336 ;  of  the  township,  1898. 

Wil'keson,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  32  mileg 
S.E.  of  the  city  of  Tacoma.  It  has  2  churches^  a  coaI-min% 
and  a  lumber-milL 


WIL 


2828 


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Wilkesville^  wilks'vll,  a  post-rillage  in  Wilkesville 
township,  Vinton  co.,  0.,  about  18  milea  W.  by  N.  of  Pome- 
roy.  It  has  3  churohes,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  academy. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  Raccoon  Creek.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1880,  1812;  in  1890,  1667. 

Wil'kin,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  borders 
on  North  Dakota.  Area,  about  725  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  which  also  forms 
the  greater  part  of  its  western  boundary.  The  surface  is 
level  and  nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  potatoes,  grass,  &c.,  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Red  River  <fc  Manitoba  Railroad,  both  now  branches  of 
the  Great  Northern  Railway  Line.  Capital,  Breckenridge. 
Pop.  in  1870,  295 ;  in  1880,  1906 ;  in  1890,  4346. 

Wil'kinSy  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Mount  Holly,  Lumberton  &  Medford  Railroad,  1  mile  N. 
of  Medford. 

Wilkins,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  3455. 

Wil'kinsbarg,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  of 
which  it  is  a  part.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
car-works,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  steel-works,  Ac.    P.  1529. 

Wilkins  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex. 

Wil'kinson,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Oconee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Big  Sandy 
and  Commissioner  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  divisions  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  which 
unite  within  its  limits.  Capital,  Irwinton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9383;  in  1880,  12,061;  in  1890,  10,781. 

Wilkinson,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Missis- 
sippi, borders  on  Louisiana.  Area,  about  592  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Homochitto  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Buffalo 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  elm,  magnolia,  white  oak, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad. 
Capital,  Woodville.    Pop.  in  1880, 17,815;  in  1890,  17,592. 

Wilkinson's,  a  station  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
New  Bufi"alo. 

Wil'kinsonville,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Providence  St  Worcester  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  large  manufactory  of  cotton  print  cloth.  Here  is  Sutton 
Station. 

Wil'kins'  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  oo.,  0.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wilkoinierz,or  Wilkomir,  Russia.  See Vilkoheer. 

Wilkowiszki,  ♦il-ko-^ish'kee,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  province  and  37  miles  N.  of  Suvalki.  Pop.  6706, 
of  whom  two-thirds  are  Jews. 

Will,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering  on 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Des  Plaines  and  Kankakee  Rivers,  and 
also  drained  by  Du  Page  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle, 
horses,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  has  rich  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  and  extensive  quarries  of  Niagara  (Upper 
Silurian)  limestone,  a  very  fine  material  for  architecture. 
It  is  quarried  at  Joliet,  and  is  used  in  many  cities  of  Illi- 
nois. The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  A  Michigan 
Canal,  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
and  the  Chicago,  Danville  <k  Vincennes,  Chicago  &  Alton, 
and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroads,  some  of 
which  converge  at  the  capital.  Capital,  Joliet.  Pop.  in 
1870,  43,013;  in  1880,  53,422;  in  1890,  62,007. 

Will,  a  township  of  Will  oo.,  HI.     Pop.  911. 

WilMacoo'chee,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Albany. 
Here  is  AVillacoochee  Station. 

Willamette,  wil-lah'met,  a  river  of  Oregon,  is  formed 
by  the  McKenzie  and  Middle  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  and  unite  in  Lane  co.,  about  5  miles  N.  of 
Eugene  City.  It  runs  northward,  and  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Linn  and  Marion  on  the  right  and 
Benton,  Polk,  and  Yam  Hill  on  the  left.  Finally  it  inter- 
sects Multnomah  co.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Portland.  Its  length,  including  one 
branch,  is  about  300  miles.  Steamboats  ascend  it  to  Oregon 


City,  where  the  navigation  is  obstructed  by  a  fall  of  40 
feet.  Above  this  place  the  river  is  navigable  for  steamboats 
to  Eugene  City,  which  is  nearly  200  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  drains  the  beautiful  and  fertile  Willamette  valley,  which 
is  about  200  miles  long  and  20  to  30  miles  wide.  The  chief 
towns  on  this  river  are  Portland,  Salem,  and  Albany. 

Willamette',  or  Williamette,  wiry%m-et',  a  post- 
office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark. 

Willamette  (wil-lah'met)  Forks,  a  post-office  of 
Lane  co.,  Oregon,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eugene  City. 

Willamette  Slough,  sl5w,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah 
CO.,  Oregon. 

Willamina,  wilM&-mee'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Hill 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  Yam  Hill  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Willamina 
Creek,  5  miles  W.  of  Sheridan.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Wil'Iard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Grayson.  Coal 
is  mined  here,  and  is  exported  by  the  railroad. 

Willard,  a  post-hamlet  in  Romulus  township,  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  3  miles  from 
Ovid,  and  about  18  miles  S.  of  Geneva.  Here  is  the  Wil- 
lard  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  a  state  institution  which  cost 
about  $1,000,000  and  accommodates  1250  patients. 

Willard,  a  post- village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on 
Great  Salt  Lake,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  of  Ogden,  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corinne.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.  Willard  Station  of 
the  Utah  &  Northern  Railroad  is  14  milea  N.  of  Ogden. 

Willard's,  a  station  of  the  Eureka  A,  Pal'sade  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.  of  Palisade,  Nev. 

Wil'lards,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W 
of  Norwich. 

Willard's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  111., 
on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Willau'mez,  a  small  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  off 
the  coast  of  New  Britain.     Lat.  5°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  149°  58'  E. 

Will'cox,  a  post-office  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas. 

Willebadessen,  ♦il'l^h-bi-dfis^s^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Westphalia,  46  miles  S.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1278. 

Willebroek,  wiri§h-br56k\  a  market-towa  of  Bel- 
gium, province  of  Antwerp,  2  miles  S.  of  Boom.     P.  3553. 

Willem8,<^iri6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  9  miles 
from  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  thread  and  cot- 
ton fabrics.     Pop.  2034. 

Willemstaa,  wiri?m-stid\  the  capital  town  of  the 
island  of  Cura^oa,  Dutch  West  Indies,  on  its  S.  coast,  is  a 
well-built  and  clean  town,  on  St.  Ann's  Bay.  It  has  a 
town  house,  government  house,  2  hospitals,  a  lazaretto,  a 
lunatic  asylum,  several  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  savings- 
institution.     Pop.  8000. 

Willemstaat,  wiriQm-st&t\  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  Hollands-Diep,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1848. 

Willenberg,  ♦il'l^n-bfiBO^  or  WieIbark,*eel'baRk, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  91  miles  S.E.  of  Kbnigsberg.     Pop.  2641. 

Wil'lenhall,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  StaJFord,  3 
miles  E.  of  Wolverhampton,  on  the  Northwestern  Railway. 
Pop.  15,902,  chiefly  employed  in  lock-making. 

Wilier,  a  village  of  Alsace.     See  ViLi-fi. 

Wil'Iet,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Willet,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Wisconsin,  about  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Madison. 

Will'etsholme,  a  post-village  in  Frontenao  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  N.W.  of  Gananoque.     Pop.  100. 

Wil'lett,  or  Wil'Iet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Willett  town- 
ship, Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Otselic  River,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Marathon,  and  about  25  miles  N.  of  Binghamton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  120 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 868. 

Wil'lettville,  a  post-office  of  Highland  oo.,  0.,  about 
48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Wil'ley,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  near  Mount  Willey,  and  about  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.  Here  is  a  hotel  called 
the  Willey  House.  In  August,  1826,  the  Willey  family 
were  killed  by  an  avalanche  or  mass  of  rocks,  earth,  and 
trees,  which  fell  from  Mount  Willey. 

Willey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Cranberry  (Portland). 

Willey,  Mount,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountains,  in 
New  Hampshire,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Washing- 
ton.    Its  altitude  is  4330  feet. 

Willey  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  HI. 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  5  milea  N.E.  of  Taylorsville. 


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William,  or  Port  William,  an  excellent  harbor  on 
the  N.E.  side  of  Stewart  Island,  New  Zealand. 

Williamette,  Arkansas.    See  Willamette. 

William  Henry,  Quebec.     See  Sobel. 

Wil'liam  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  between 
New  Ireland  and  New  Britain. 

William,  Mount,  the  loftiest  peak  of  Graham  Land, 
Antarctic  Ocean. 

William,  Mount,  the  loftiest  and  easternmost  of  the 
Australian  Grampians,  Victoria.     Height,  3827  feet. 

William  Penn,  Pennsylvania.    See  Spring  Mill. 

William  Penn,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Shenandoah.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

William  Penn,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

William  River,  Australia,  co.  of  Wicklow,  flows  W., 
and  joins  Murray  River. 

William  River,  of  New  South  Wales,  after  a  S.  course 
of  70  miles,  between  the  cos.  of  Durham  and  Gloucester, 
joins  the  Hunter. 

Williams,  wil'yamz,  a  western  county  of  North  Dakota, 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  Missouri,  and  traversed  by  the  Little 
Missouri  and  Knife  Rivers.     Pop.  in  1890,  109. 

Williams,  thp  most  northwestern  county  of  Ohio,  bor- 
ders on  Michigan  and  Indiana.  Area,  about  415  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  a  branch 
of  the  Maumee,  and  is  also  drained  by  Bean  Creek,  some- 
times called  TiflBn  River.  The  surface  is  a  nearly  level 
Slain,  with  a  gentle  slope  to  the  S.E.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
[ore  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  dense  forests  of 
the  white  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 
tulip-tree,  wild  cherry,  &o.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats, 
cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  indurated 
rocks  of  this  county  are  everywhere  covered  with  a  deposit 
of  drift  100  feet  deep  or  more.  According  to  the  official  re- 
port on  the  geology  of  Ohio,  "  this  county  contains  no  stone- 
quarry,  and  the  great  depth  of  the  drift  forbids  the  hope 
that  one  may  be  discovered."  It  is  traversed  by  the  Air- 
Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinaw  Railway. 
Capital,  Bryan.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,991;  in  1880,  23,821;  in 
1890,  24,897. 

Williams,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  122  miles  N.  by  E.  of  San 
Frnnciseo. 

Williams,  Bureau  co..  111.     See  Van  Onix. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.     P.  1279. 

Williams,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind. 

Williams,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Williams,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E. 
of  Webster  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Williams,  Christian  co.,  Ky.    See  Petersburg. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  526. 

Williams,  a  post-office  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (South  Haven  division),  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2277. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  332. 

Williams,  a  township  o#  Columbus  co.,  N.C.     P.  905. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1451. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  2248.     It  contains  South  Easton. 

Williams,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  from  Franklin.     It  has  several  churches. 

Williamsborough,  a  post-office  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 

Williamsborough,  wil'yamz-biir-riih,  a  township  of 
Rockingham  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2340. 

Williams  Bridge,  a  village  and  station  of  New  York, 
on  Bronx  River  and  the  New  York  <k  Harlem  Railroad,  11 
miles  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot.  It  is  included  in  the 
limits  of  New  York  City.     Pop.  144. 

Williamsburg,  wil'yamz-burg,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  948  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Lynch's  Creek,  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Santee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Black  River. 
The  Great  Pedee  River  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  generally  sandy. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  tar,  turpentine,  and  lumber  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northeastern 
Railroad,  and  traversed  in  its  southern  part  by  the  George- 
town &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Kingstree.  Pop.  in 
1870,  15,489;  in  1880,  24,110;  in  1890,  27,777. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 


Williamsburg,  a  poet-office  of  Lincoln  oo..  Ark. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  34  milM 
E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  253.  The 
station  here  is  called  Aucilla. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.of  Albany.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches. 

Williamsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Ashley.  It  has  2  churches.  Her*  is  Laur 
Post-Office. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  oo..  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Areola. 

Williamsburg  (Cold  Spring  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Shelby  co..  111.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Lakewood,  and  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Pana. 

Williamsburg,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    See  Nineveh. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Green  township,  on  Green's  Fork  of  Whitewater  River, 
about  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  248. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Williamsburg  township,  on  the  Kansas  City,  Burlington 
&  Santa  F6  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington,  and  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office 
and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  502; 
of  the  township,  1153. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Whitley  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Knoxville 
Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  about 
100  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
college,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.  Twelve  or  14  miles  below 
this  village  is  a  remarkable  cataract,  about  60  feet  high. 

Williamsburg,  township,  Piscataquis  co..  Me.  P.  176. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Dorchester  A  Delaware  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of 
Seaford,  Del. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  in  Williamsburg  town- 
ship, Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  Mill  River  and  the  New 
Haven  <fc  Northampton  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  North- 
ampton. It  has  3  churches,  and  is  surrounded  by  hilly 
and  picturesque  scenery.  It  was  ruined  by  the  bursting 
of  a  dam  in  May,  1874.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Haydenville.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2057. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Covington 
CO.,  Miss.,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo., 
about  37  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop. 100. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Platte  River,  about  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kearney  and 
18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Holdrege. 

Williamsburg,  a  former  town  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  oa 
the  East  River,  about  2  miles  K  by  N.  of  the  city  hall  of 
New  York.  It  has  been  annexed  to  Brooklyn,,  of  which  it 
constitutes  the  13th,  14th,  15th,  and  16th  wards. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C, 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  in  Williamsburg  town- 
ship, Clermont  oo.,  0.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami 
River  and  the  Cincinnati  A  Eastern  Railroad,  33  miles  B. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
chair-factory.     Pop.  773 ;  of  the  township,  2383. 

Williamsburg  (Batesville  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Noble  CO.,  0.,  in  Beaver  township,  about  40  miles  E.  of 
Zanesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Williamsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  opposite  Kittanning. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  in  Woodbcrry  town- 
ship, Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Frankstown  Branch  of  the 
Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Williamsburg  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  an  iron-fumaoe,  and 
a  forge.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  888. 

Williamsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
S.  of  Clarion. 

William  sburg,  a  village  of  Northampton  oo.,  Pa.,  near 
the  Delaware  River,  about  20  miles  above  Easton,  and  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  H  miles 
from  Portland.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 
Here  is  Mount  Bethel  Post-Office. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoMinn  oo.,  Teca* 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex. 


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Williamsburg,  a  post-town,  capital  of  James  City  cc, 
Va.,  is  situated  on  a  plain,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rich- 
mond, and  3  miles  N.  of  James  River.  It  is  the  oldest 
incorporated  town  in  the  state,  wa£  the  seat  of  the  royal 
government  before  the  Revolution,  and  was  the  capital  of 
tho  state  until  1779.  It  contains  4  churches,  the  Eastern 
Lunatic  Asylum,  and  William  and  Mary  College  (Prot- 
estant Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1692  and  has  a 
library  of  6000  volumes.      First  settled  in  1632.     P.  1480. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W. 
Va.,  14  miles  N.  of  Lewisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Williamsburg,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Berlin.  Pop.  100.  See  also  Cartwright  and 
Glen  William. 

Williamsburg  Junction,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa., 
at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road. 1  mile  E.  of  Hollidaysburg. 

Williamsburg  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kings  co., 
N.Y.,  is  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  post-office. 

Williams  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township, 
Williams  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Bryan.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Williams  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Williams  Dale,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  9  miles  from  Thomson.  It  contains  several 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

Williamslield,  wil'yamz-feeld,  a  post-office  in  Wil- 
liamsfield  township,  Ashtabula  oo.,  0.,  30  miles  N.  of  Youngs- 
town.     The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  892. 

Williamsford,  Ontario.    See  Sullivan. 

Williams  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 
near  Bigler,  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Clearfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Williams  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  5  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

Williams'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Covington  oo.,  Ala. 

Williams  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Dillsburg  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Harris- 
burg. 

Williams  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

Williams  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  from  Keysville.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  machine-shop. 

Williamson,  wil'yam-sgn,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  South  Fork  of  Saline  River  and  several  affluents  of  Big 
Muddy  River.  The  latter  river  traverses  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  More  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  white  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  maple,  white  oak, 
tulip-tree,  &o.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources is  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  partly  intersected 
by  the  Carbondale  &  Shawneetown  (now  the  St.  Louis,  Alton 
&  Terre- Haute)  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,329;  in  .1880,  19,324;  in  1890,  22,226. 

Williamson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  550  square  miles.  Its  N.  border  is  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  is  drained  by  the  Harpeth 
River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
black  walnut,  hickory,  maple,  oak,  tulip-tree,  wild  cherry, 
&o.,  cover  more  than  one-third  of  its  area.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Blue  or  Trenton  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Nashville  <fc  Deca- 
tur division  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Franklin.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,328;  in  1880,  28,313;  in  1890, 
26,321. 

Williamson,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1070  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  San  Gabriel  River,  which  runs  eastward,  and  also 
drained  by  Brushy  and  Salado  creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests 
of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  San  Antonio  division  of  the  Interna- 
tional &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  which  extends  from 
Laredo  to  Palestine.  Capital,  Georgetown.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6368;  in  1880,  15,155;  in  1890,  25,909. 
Williamson,  Kentucky.  See  Eden. 
Williamson,  a  post-village  in  Williamson  township, 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.  of  Sodus,  and  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  contains  3  churches,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a 
graded  school.    The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 


Ontario,  and  contains  the  villages  of  East  Williamson  and 
Pultneyville  and  a  pop.  of  2639. 

Williamson,  township,  Richmond  co,,  N.C.     P.  2044. 

Williamson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Southern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Chambersburg.   It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Williamson,  Ontario.    See  Foley. 

Williamson's,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Williamson's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yavapai  co., 
Arizona. 

Williamsport,  wil'y§.mz-port,  a  village  of  Allen  co., 
Ind.,  in  Marion  township,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  4^  miles  E. 
of  Sheldon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Here  is  Po  Post-Office. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Ind.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  right  or  N.W.  bank 
of  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  23 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette,  and  about  2  miles  W.  of  Attica. 
It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  contains  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.  Here  is  a  quarry  of 
sandstone  good  for  building,  also  a  cascade  65  feet  high, 
formed  by  a  creek  called  Fall  Branch.     Pop.  988. 

Williamsport,  a  hamlet  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Williamsport  township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Topeka.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  810. 

Williamsport,  a  hamlet  of  Pointe  Couple  parish.  La., 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  about  200  miles  above  New  Or- 
leans.    It  has  a  church. 

Williamsport,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Conococheague 
Creek,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Hagerstown,  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Martinsburg.  It  is 
also  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal.  The  village  is  sur- 
rounded by  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  12,077. 

Williamsport,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Neb.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Sutton. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village  in  Deer  Creek  township, 
Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  Deer  Creek,  1  mile  from  Williamsport 
Station  of  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad, 
which  is  9  miles  W.  of  Circleville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
514.  Williamsport  is  also  the  name  of  a  village  in  Morrow 
CO.,  0.    See  Andrews. 

Williamsport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lycoming  co.. 
Pa.,  beautifully  situated  on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  78  miles  S.  of  Elmira.  94  miles  N.  of  Harris- 
burg,  200  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  25  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Lock  Haven.  It  is  on  the  Northern  Central  Tlailroad 
and  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Catawissa  A,  Williamsport  Railroad.  It  is  a  popular 
summer  resort,  and  is  surrounded  by  high  hills  and  at- 
tractive scenery.  It  is  reputed  to  be  the  greatest  lumber- 
market  in  the  state.  It  contains  a  court-house,  about  24 
churches,  2  or  3  high  schools,  8  grammar-schools,  the  Dick- 
inson Seminary  (for  both  sexes),  2  superior  hotels,  6  national 
banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  many  elegant  residences. 
Three  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Several  of  the  weekly  papers  are  German.  In  the  environs 
of  the  city  is  Herdic  Park,«vhich  has  an  area  of  about 
35  acres.  Williamsport  is  connected  with  the  S.  bank  of 
the  river  by  a  handsome  suspension-bridge.  Above  this 
bridge  is  the  great  Susquehanna  Boom,  which  cost  about 
$1,000,000  and  is  said  to  be  capable  of  holding  300,000,000 
feet  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  18,934:  in  1890,  27,132. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Duck  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Williamsport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  oo.,  W.  Va.,  24 
miles  S.  of  Keyser.     It  has  2  churches. 

Williams  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Tex., 
about  125  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  mill. 

Williams'  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Windsor  co.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  3  or 
4  miles  above  Bellows  Falls. 

Williams  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  oo., 
Ala.,  46  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Williamston,  wil'yamz-tpn,  a  post-village  In  Wil- 
liamston  township,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  on  Cedar  River,  and 
on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Lansing,  and  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school, 
3  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1139 ;  of  the  township,  2051. 


WIL 


2831 


WIL 


Williamston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Martin  oo., 
N.C.,  in  Williamston  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Roanoke  River,  about  100  miles  E.  of  Raleigh,  and  21 
miles  W.  of  Plymouth.  It  is  on  the  Albemarle  k  Raleigh 
Railroad,  which  extends  from  Rocky  Mount  to  Plymouth. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.  Pop.  751 ;  of  the 
township,  2279. 

WilliamstoU)  a  post-village  in  Williamston  township, 
Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Greenville.  It  contains  the  Williams- 
ton Female  College,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  700  ;  of  the  township,  1426. 

Williamstown,  wil'yamz-tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co., 
Ind.,  about  15  miles  E.  by  N..of  Terre  Haute.     Pop.  65. 

Williamstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clinton  township, 
Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  73. 

Williamstown^  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Warerly.     It  has  a  church. 

Williamstown^  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas.    See  Rural. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  43  miles  N.  of 
Lexington,  and  36  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  a  brick 
court-house,  3  c&urches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  handsome 
Odd-Fellows'  hall,  an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  12  stores.     Pop.  about  750. 

Williamstown,  a  post- village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Williamstown  township,  on  the  Hoosac  River,  and  on  the 
Boston,  Hoosac  Tunnel  <fc  Western  and  Troy  &  Boston  Rail- 
roads, 5  miles  W.  of  North  Adams,  and  24  miles  (direct)  E. 
of  Troy,  which  is  43  miles  distant  by  railroad.  It  is  in  a 
fertile  valley  which  is  "  grandly  mountain-walled"  and  is 
noted  for  beautiful  scenery.  It  contains  a  large  hotel,  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  cotton-factory.  Williamstown 
is  the  seat. of  Williams  College  (Congregational),  which  was 
founded  in  1793,  has  about  25  instructors,  and  a  library  of 
over  30,000  volumes.  This  college  occupies  several  brick 
and  stone  buildings,  one  of  which  is  an  astronomical  obser- 
vatory.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4221. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  North  Fabius  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Lewistown,  and 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 
Pop.  180. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
Gloucester  co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  Williamstown  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Atco,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  canning-factory,  and  2  manufactories  of 
glass  (hollow-ware). 

Williamstown,  a  post- village  in  Williamstown  town- 
ship, Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Fish  Creek,  and  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Rome, 
and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  banking-house,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1815. 

Williamstown,  North  Carolina.    See  Williamston. 

Williamstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  from  Dunkirk,  and  about  16  miles  S.  of  Findlay. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
in  a  narrow  valley,  on  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad,  20 
mites  E.  of  Millersburg,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Harrisburg.  Here  is  a  large  colliery,  which  is  said  to  have 
shipped  in  one  year  over  300,000  tons  of  coal.  Williams- 
town has  5  churches.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Williamstown  town- 
ship. Orange  co.,  Vt.,  12  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1236. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  10  miles  above  Parkersburg,  and 
4  miles  below  Marietta,  0.     Pop.  282. 

Williamstown,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.  Pop., 
including  Mayville,  2302. 

Williamstown,  a  hamlet  in  Northumberland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  8  miles  from  Newcastle.     Pop.  150. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, on  RiviSre  aux  Raisins,  5  miles  W.  of  the  village  of 
Riviire  Raisin.  It  contains  several  churches,  stores,  hotels, 
and  mills.     Pop.  450. 

Williamstown,  a  borough  and  seaport  of  Victoria, 
Australia,  in  the  co.  of  Bourke,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yarra- 
Yarra  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  Its  chief 
industrial  establishments  are  the  patent  slips,  floating  dock, 
ghip-building  yards,  and  a  navy-yard.     Pop.  7123. 

Williams  Valley,  a  village  in  Porter  township, 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  425. 


Williamsville,  wil'y^mz-Tll,  a  post-office  of  Sosmx 
CO.,  Del. 

Williamsville,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111., 
in  Williams  township,  on  the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  several  fine  rest* 
dences,  3  churches,  and  a  large  brick  school-house.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Ware  River  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Winchendon, 
and  about  IS  miles  S.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  manufao- 
tures  of  chair-frames,  packing-boxes,  ko. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about 
22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Niles.  It  hae  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Williamsville,  a  post-office  of  Grenada  co..  Miss. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  k  Southern  Railroad,  64 
miles  S.  of  Iron  Mountain.     It  has  2  churches. 

Williamsville,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township, 
Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Eleven  Mile  Creek,  3  miles  N.  of  Forks, 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  5  churches,  2  grist- 
mills, a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  mana- 
factures  of  cement,  furniture,  brooms,  &c.     Pop.  912. 

Williamsville,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Java  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Attica. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Williamsville,  a  neat  post-village  in  Newfane  town- 
ship,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  affluent  of  West  River, 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  from  Millborough  Depot. 

Williamsville,  a  village  in  Haldimand  oo.,  Ontario^ 
35  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  100. 

Williams  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Matthews  oo.,  Va., 
on  East  River,  2^  miles  from  Matthews  Court-House. 

William ville,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Willicoochee,  Georgia.    See  Willacoochee. 

Willi  da,  will'I-dah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Dale  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Sibley.     It  has  a  church. 

WilMiman'sett,  a  post-village  in  Chicopee  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Springfield. 

WilMiman'tic,  a  river  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  is  formed 
by  three  branches  near  Stafford  Springs,  runs  southward, 
and  joins  the  Nachaug  River  to  form  the  Shetucket  near 
Willimantic. 

Willimantic,  a  city  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in  Wind- 
ham township,  on  the  Willimantic  River,  and  on  the  Boston 
<fc  New  York  Air-Line  Railroad,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  17 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich,  and  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  is  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad.  It 
contains  7  churches,  an  academy  or  high  school,  a  state 
normal  school,  a  convent,  4  banks,  and  3  newspaper  offices. 
The  river  here  falls  100  feet  in  1  mile,  and  affords  abundant 
hydraulic  power.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  spool 
cotton,  cotton,  silk,  and  woollen  goods,  silk-machinery,  tin- 
and  iron-wares,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  6608;  1890,  8648. 

Willingborough,  wil'ling-biir-riih,  a  township  of 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  750. 

Willington,  wil'ling-t^n,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  3i  miles  N.  of  Bishop-Auckland,  with  col- 
lieries.    Pop.  4392. 

Willington,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, on  the  Tyne,  3  miles  S.W.  of  North  Shields,  with 
extensive  coal-mines  and  iron-works.     Pop.  5177. 

Wil'lington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Willington  township, 
Tolland  co..  Conn.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Willimantic,  and 
2  miles  E.  of  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  shoddy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  942. 

Willington,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Willington  Quay,  kee,  a  town  of  Engh,nd,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  Tyne,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  North 
Shields.     Pop.  4096. 

Wil'link,  a  post-village  in  Aurora  township,  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Cazenovia  Creek,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  k 
Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  Aurora  Station,  16i  miles  S.E. 
of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  from  the  village  of  East  Aurora,  of 
which  it  may  be  considered  a  part.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wil link's  Creek,  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  falls  into  the 
W.  end  of  Lake  Ontario. 

W^il'lis,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 


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International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of 
Houston.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce  and  a  money-order 
post-office. 

Willisau,  <^irie-s5w\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  river  Wigger. 
Pop.  1579. 

Wil'lisbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky., 
about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Willis  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Cape  Fear  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Willis  Creek,  16  miles 
below  Fayetteville,     It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Willis  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind. 

Willis  Place,  Mass.     See  Griswold's  Upper  Mill. 

Willis  River,  a  small  affluent  of  James  River,  Vir- 
ginia, rises  in  Buckingham  co.  Flowing  eastward  and 
northeastward,  it  crosses  Cumberland  co.,  and  falls  into 
James  River  near  Cartersville. 

Wil'liston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Wil listen,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

Williston,  a  post- village  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  and 
21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aiken.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  500. 

Williston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Williston,  a  post-village  in  Williston  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Vt.,  about  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington,  and  2i 
miles  S.W.  of  Williston  Station  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Winooski  River.  Willis- 
ton Station  is  at  North  Williston.    Pop.  of  township,  1441. 

Wil'listown,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.     P.  1552. 

Willistown  Inn,  a  post-office.of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Willits,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.     See  Little  Lake. 

Willitts,  a  station  in  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington A  Southwestern  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Madison. 

Will'mar,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kandiyohi  co., 
Minn.,  in  Willmar  township,  on  a  small  lake,  and  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  104  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1825. 

Will'mathsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Kirksville.     Pop.  100. 

Willo'pa  (orWillo'pah)  River,  Washington,  rises  in 
Chehalis  co.,  and  enters  Shoalwater  Bay  in  Pacific  co.  The 
tide  ascends  it  to  the  rapids,  17  miles  from  its  mouth, 

Willoughby,  wil'lo-be,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  AVest  Fork  of  Cedar  River,  about  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Waverly. 

Willoughby,  a  post-village  in  Willoughby  township. 
Lake  co.,  0.,  on  Chagrin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <k 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland, 
and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Painesville.  It  contains  4  churches, 
and  the  Willoughby  College  (Methodist),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1865.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1219.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
Lake  Erie,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2890. 

Willoughby  Cape,  the  E.  point  of  Kangaroo  Island, 
South  Australia.     Lat.  35°  54'  S.;  Ion.  138°  15'  E. 

Willoughby  Lake,  a  lake  and  summer  resort  in  West- 
more  township,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  St. 
Johnsbury.  The  lake,  6  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide,  is 
situated  between  two  mountains,  the  bases  of  which  meet 
under  the  lake.  One  of  these  mountains  is  about  3800  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Willow,  wil'lo,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Glenn  co.,.Cal., 
on  the  Northern  California  Railroad,  67  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Woodland,  and  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Marysville.  It  has 
a  church,  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  bottling-works,  manufactures  of  wagons,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1176. 

Willow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Lena,  and  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Freeport. 

Willow,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  200. 
Willow,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 
Willow,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  851. 
WilloAV  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 
Willow  Branch,  township,  Piatt  co.,  111.     Pop.  1438. 
Willow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Anderson.     Here  is  a  church. 
Willow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Gates  co.,  N.C. 


Willow  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo., 
4  miles  from  Agency.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  about  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie.     Here  is  Upton's  Lake. 

Willow  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  C,  3 
miles  from  Franklin  Station. 

Willow  Creek,  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  runs  in  a  N.N.W. 
direction,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River. 

Willow  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Waushara  CO., 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  Poygan  Lake. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Willow  Creek,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.    Pop.  1019. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Cherokee. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana, 
about  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Helena. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  10 
miles  S.  of  North  Bend  Station. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nov. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Ithaca. 

Willow  Creek,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  C,  on  the 
Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Findlay. 

Willow  Dale,  a  hamlet  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  on  Maple 
River,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Denison.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill. 

Willow  Dale,  a  post-township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  616. 

Willowdale,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co.,  Neb. 

Willowdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Kennett  Station,  and  about  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.     Pop.  20. 

Willowdale,  a  hamlet  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex.,  80  miles 
from  Waco. 

Wil'lowdale,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Thornhill,     Pop.  160. 

Willow  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  Pat- 
terson township.     It  has  a  church. 

WilPowemoc',  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  37  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  a  saw -mill. 

WilloAV  Fork,  township,  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.     P.  2242. 

Willow  Glen,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Skaneateles  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Skaneateles.  It 
has  a  paper-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Willow  Green,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Dover. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Red  Willow  co.,  Neb. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Bridgeton.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles 
from  Westfleld.     It  has  a  church. 

WilloAV  Grove,  a  station  in  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bloomsburg. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moreland  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 13i  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  mineraJ 
spring  and  2  or  3  hotels. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  W.Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  above  Ripley  Landing. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Negro  Lake,  13  miles  from  St.  John.  It 
has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  On- 
tario, 4  miles  S.AV.  of  Caledonia.     Pop.  80. 

Willow  Hill,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1552. 
Willow  Hill  Post-Office  is  at  New  Libferty. 

Willow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa. 

Willow  Hole,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Tex.,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Bryan.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dawson  CO.,  Neb., 
on  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  250 
miles  W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church  and  a  broom-factory. 

WillOAV  Inland,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va. 

Willow^  Point,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev. 

Willow  Point,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Willow  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  E.  shore  of  Goose  Lake,  about  200  miles  N.E.  of  Red 
BluflF.     It  has  4  churches. 

WilloAV  River,  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  is  a  small  stream 
which  flows  southward  and  enters  the  Pine  River. 


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Willow  River,  a  small  stream  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis., 
runs  gouthvestwurd,  and  enters  St.  Croix  River  at  Hudson, 
Willow  River,  a  post-office  of  Aitkin  co.,  Minn. 

WillOAVS,  Colusa  CO.,  Cal.     See  Willow. 

Willows,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Willows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  on  or 
near  the  Columbia  River. 

Willow  Shade,  a  hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ey.,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Gliisgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Miss. 

Willow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township, 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  3  churches. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Willow  Springs 
township,  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Lawrence.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1174. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-township  of  Howell  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  608. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wheeler  co..  Neb., 
90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Grand  Island. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

WilloAV  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
about  18  miles  EJSf.E.  of  Danville. 

WilloAV  Springs,  a  village  of  Erath  co.,Tex.   P.  238. 

Willow  Springs,  a  station  in  Gregg  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  Longview. 

WiHow  Springs,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis. 
Pop. 1064. 

tVillOAV  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  or  near  the  Lancaster  &  Quarryville  Railroad,  about  6 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Willow  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 

Willow  ToAvn,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky. 

Willow  Tree,  a  station  in  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad. 

Willow  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Willow  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Willow  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New 
Hartford  township,  1  mile  from  Washington  Mills. 

WillOAV  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in  Frank- 
lin township.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Willow  Valley,  a  station  in  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Shoals. 

Willow  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 30  miles  S.  of  Emporia. 

Willow  Wood,  Lawrence  co.,  0.     See  Millville. 

Wills,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  884. 

Wills,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  1670. 

Willsborough,  wilz'bur-riih,  a  post-village  in  Wills- 
borough  township,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boquet  River, 
about  2  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Burlington,  Vt.  It  is  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.  The  township  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  iron,  Ac,  and  quarries  of  bluestone. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1764. 

Willsborough  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  9  miles  from  Burlington,  Vt., 
and  25  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.     It  has  a  stone-quarry. 

Willsburg,  wilz'bfirg,  a  hamlet  of  Page  eo.,  Iowa,  in 
Colfax  township,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Clarinda. 

Wills  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  De  Kalb  co.,  runs 
southwestward  to  Attala,  and  enters  the  Coosa  River  in 
Etowah  CO.,  about  5  miles  below  Gadsden.  Its  valley  is 
nearly  60  miles  long  and  about  5  miles  wide. 

Will's  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  northward  through  Guernsey 
CO.,  from  which  it  flows  westward,  and  enters  the  Mus- 
kingum River  about  9  miles  S.  of  Coshocton.  It  is  nearly 
60  miles  long. 

Will's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on  a 
stream  of  its  own  name,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zanesville. 

Wills  Creek,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Bedford  &  Bridgeport  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bedford. 

Will'seyville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <k  Western  Railroad  and  the  Utica, 
Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Owego,  and 
17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Will'shire,  a  post-village  in  Willshire  township.  Van 
Wert  CO.,  0.,  on  the  St.  Mary's  River,  and  on  the  Toledo, 
Delphos  <k  Burlington  Railroad,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Del- 
phoB,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur,  Ind.  It  has  a  church, 
a  planing-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  750;  of  the 
township,  2286. 

Wills  Moun'tain,  a  ridge  extending  from  the  S.W. 
part  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  E.  of  Wills  Creek,  into  Alle- 
ghany CO.  in  Maryland. 

Will's  Point,  a  post-rillage  of  Van  Zandt  oo.,  Tex.,  on 


the  Texas  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  ha« 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  drug-stores,  Ic. 
Pop.  in  1880,  860 ;  in  1890,  1025. 

Willstedt,  'frill'stStt,  a  market-town  of  Baden,  5  milei 
N.N.W.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1465. 

Will'ville,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Mich. 

WiPlyden'is,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

Wilmanstrand,  Finland.     See  Vilmanstrand. 

Wilmar,  Minnesota.     See  Willmar. 

Wil'marth,  a  hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Clarioa 
River  and  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  about 
200.     Here  is  Rolfe  Post-Office. 

Wil'merding,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 

13  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Wilmersdorf,  ♦il'm^rs-doRf^  a  village  of  Prussia,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  2367. 

Wilmette,  wil-met',  a  post-village  in  New  Trier  town- 
ship. Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Milwaukee  Railroad, 

14  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan, which  is  here  bordered  by  a  blufi"  about  100  feet  high. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  1458. 

Wil'mington,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Wilmington,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.     Pop.  320. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington  township, 
Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the 
Los  Angeles  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  26 
miles  S.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  contains  Wilson  College  and 
2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  687  ;  of  the  township,  2360. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  New  Castle 
CO.,  Del.,  is  situated  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  Brandy 
wine  and  Christiana  Creeks,  which  unite  i  mile  from  the 
river.  It  is  28  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  70  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  Lat.  39°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  28'  or  30' 
W.  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore 
Railroad,  and  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  A 
Northern  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad.  Wilmington  is  the  chief  commercial  and 
manufacturing  centre  of  Delaware.  It  is  built  on  three 
slopes  of  a  hill,  the  summit  of  which  is  240  feet  above  the 
level  of  tide-water  and  commands  an  extensive  view  of 
the  Delaware  River  and  of  the  city  itself.  The  city  is 
regularly  planned,  has  wide  and  straight  streets,  and  is 
generally  well  built  of  brick.  The  streets  which  are  par- 
allel to  the  Christiana  are  Water,  Front,  2d,  3d,  Ac,  up 
to  23d  street,  beyond  Brandywine  Creek.  'These  are  in- 
tersected at  right  angles  by  Market  street,  the  principal 
thoroughfare  of  business,  which  extends  the  whole  length 
of  the  city,  and  is  about  2  miles  long,  including  the  bridges 
over  Brandywine  and  Christiana  Creeks.  The  streets  which 
are  parallel  with  Market  street  are  designated  by  proper 
names,  as  King,  Shipley,  French,  Ac.  The  city  contains 
46  churches,  namely,  9  Methodist,  8  Episcopal,  7  Pres- 
byterian, 5  Baptist,  2  Friends',  6  Catholic,  1  German 
Lutheran,  1  Swedenborgian,  1  Unitarian,  and  6  African. 
Grace  cuurch  (Methodist)  is  a  beautiful  Gothic  edifice  of 
green  serpentine.  The  Old  Swedes'  church  of  this  place  was 
built  in  1698.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  a  granite 
custom-house,  a  town  hall,  a  large  opera-house,  a  hospital, 
and  the  Wilmington  Institute,  a  brick  structure  which  con- 
tains a  spacious  hall,  a  scientific  lecture-room,  and  an  ex- 
tensive library.  The  Clayton  House  is  a  commodious  first- 
class  hotel,  built  of  fine  brick  and  stone.  Six  daily  and  10 
weekly  newspapers  (1  German)  are  published  here.  Wil- 
mington contains  also  the  Delaware  State  Normal  Univer- 
sity, founded  in  1866,  the  Wesleyan  Female  College,  the 
Rugby  Academy  (for  boys),  the  Delaware  Institute  (for 
both  sexes),  several  boarding-schools,  17  public  schools,  a 
home  for  aged  women,  many  building  and  loan  associations, 
2  savings-banks,  4  national  banks  (the  capital  of  which 
amounts  to  $1,013,185),  and  a  state  bank,  which  has  a  capi- 
tal of  $236,000.  The  streets,  stores,  and  residences  are 
lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  the  city  is  supplied 
with  water  from  the  Brandywine.  It  has  an  efficient  fire 
department.  Wilmington  is  by  far  the  most  important  and 
populous  town  in  the  state.  Its  increase  in  population 
from  1880  to  1890  was  44.62  per  cent.  It  is  remarkable 
for  its  manufactures,  of  which  the  following  are  the  most 
important  products :  iron  steamboats,  railway-ca»s,  steam- 
engines,  machinery,  powder,  cotton  goods,  carriages,  flour, 
morocco,  leather,  farming-implements,  iron  castings,  wool- 
len goods,  locomotive-  and  car-springs,  and  parlor  matches. 
Here  are  about  5  iron-foundries,  6  large  machine-shops,  6 
rolling-mills,  6  cotton-factories,  several  manufactories  of 
woollen  goods,  2  large  saw-mills,  and  flour-mills  on  the 
Brandywine  which  grind  1,000,000  bushels  of  wheat  in  a 


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year.  According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  cap- 
ital employed  in  the  reported  industries  of  Wilmington  was 
$15,652,246,  and  the  total  value  of  products  $19,058,116. 
The  powder-works  of  Dupont  A  Co.,  2  miles  from  the  city, 
have  long  been  celebrated.  Street-cars  run  from  the  Phil- 
adelphia &  Baltimore  depot  via  Market  street  and  Delaware 
avenue  to  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  city.  Steamboats  ply 
daily  between  this  place  and  Philadelphia.  The  Brandy  wine 
Creek  near  Wilmington  flows  through  attractive  scenery. 
Pop.  in  1870,  30,841 ;  in  1880,  42,478;  in  1890,  61,431. 

Wilmington^  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  III.,  1  mile  from 
Drake  Station  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Wilmington,  a  post-town  of  Will  co.,  111.,  m  Wil- 
mington township,  on  the  Kankakee  River  and  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Joliet,  and  53  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  a  graded  school,  and  5  churches.  It  has  fine 
drives  along  the  river.     Pop.  1828  ;  of  the  township,  2766. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hogan  township,  near  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  3 
miles  W.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  301. 

Wilmington,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Waterloo,  Ind. 

Wilmington,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2296.     It  contains  Butler. 

Wilmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 7  or  8  miles  W.  of  Burlingame.  It  has  a  hotel,  2  stores, 
Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  808. 

Wilmington,  a  station  of  the  Boston  A  Maine  Rail- 
road, 16i  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass.  See  North  Wilmington. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  A  Nashua 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lawrence  Branch,  15  miles 
N.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a 
tannery.  Near  it  is  Wilmington  Station  on  the  Boston  A 
Maine  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  879.  Wilmington 
Junction  and  Wilmington  Station  on  the  Salem  A  Lowell 
Railroad  are  also  in  Wilmington  township. 

Wilmington,  a  post-township  of  Houston  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Winona,  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  La 
Crosse.     It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  1253. 

Wilmington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilmington  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  base  of  Whiteface  Mountain,  a  peak 
of  the  Adirondacks,  4918  feet  high,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Plattsburg.  It  has  a  hotel  called  the  Whiteface  Mountain 
House.  The  township  has  3  churches,  some  iron-works,  and 
a  pop.  of  876. 

Wilmington,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  New 
Hanover  co.,  N.C.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  or  left  bank  of  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  about  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  134  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Raleigh,  and  189  miles  E,  of  Columbia,  S.C.  It 
is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad, 
and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Au- 
gusta Railroad.  The  Carolina  Central  Railroad  extends 
from  this  place  to  Charlotte,  187  miles.  Lat.  34°  11'  N. ; 
Ion.  78°  10'  W.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial 
town  in  the  state.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  custom- 
house, 21  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  2  or  3 
academies,  a  normal  school,  a  cotton-factory,  5  steam  saw- 
mills, 2  flour-mills,  2  rice-mills,  and  10  turpentine-distil- 
leries. Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  port  and  Balti- 
more, Charleston,  Ac.  Other  steamboats  navigate  the  Cape 
Fear  River  between  Wilmington  and  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,446;  in  1880,  17,350;  in  1890,  20,056. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  0., 
in  Union  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Val- 
ley Railroad,  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Washington.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  un- 
dulating ground,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  graded  school, 
9  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the 
Wilmington  College  (Friends'),  which  was  organized  in 
1871  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  It  has  also  a  woollen-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  and  an  iron-bridge  company.     Pop.  2745. 

Wilmington,  a  station  on  the  New  Castle  A  Franklin 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle,  Pa. 

Wilmington,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1834.     It  contains  New  Wilmington. 

Wilmington,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  548. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  about  18  miles 
E.  of  Bennington.     Pop.  of  township,  1246. 

Wilmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  Rivanna  River,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottesville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Wilmington  Island,  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Savannah  River,  is  enclosed  on  the  N.E.  and 


N.W.  by  small  outlets  of  the  Savannah  River.  Length,  5 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  about  4  miles. 

Wilmington  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Boston  A 
Maine  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Salem  A  Lowell 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Boston  A 
Lowell  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Wil'more,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jessamine  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Nicholasville. 

Wilmore,  a  post-borough  in  Summer  Hill  township, 
Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Conemaugh  River  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  393. 

Wil'mot,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  about  33  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Wilmot,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Wilmot,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Wilmot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilmot  township,  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the 
Northern  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Wilmot  Flat,  and  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  hosiery,  leather,  and  lumber.  On  its  border  is 
Mount  Kearsarge.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1072. 

Wilmot,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  3  miles  from  Barr's  Mills  Station,  and 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  wool- 
len-mill, a  flour-mill,  a  union  school,  and  a  manufactory  of 
agricultural  implements. 

Wilmot,  a  post-township  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1365. 

Wilmot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  on  Fox 
River,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Racine. 

Wil'mot,  or  Farm'ington,  a  post-village  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Annapolis,  on  the  Annapolis  River,  about  40 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Annapolis  Bay,  and  on  a  rail- 
road, 98  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  mills,  and  some  excellent  mineral  springs.     Pop.  200. 

Wilmot  Flat,  a  post- village  in  Wilmot  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Kearsarge.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  hosiery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Wil'moths,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W,  Va. 

Wilmott,  or  Wilmot,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co..  Mo. 

Wil'mur,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  24 
miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  and  in  the 
vicinity  are  extensive  lead-mines.     Pop.  300. 

Wil'murt,  a  post-township  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  is  nearly  50  miles  long.  It  has  a 
mountainous  surface,  which  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
and  diversified  by  numerous  lakes.     Pop.  185. 

Wilna,  a  government  and  town  of  Russia.    See  Vilna. 

Wil'na,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  N.  of 
Magnolia  Station. 

Wilna,  a  post-township  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded 
S.W.  by  Black  River.  It  contains  the  village  of  Carthage, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  4265.  Wilna  Post-Office  is  about  20  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Watertown. 

Wil'necote,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick, 
parish  and  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tamworth,  on  the  Birminghan 
&  Derby  Railway. 

Wilnis,  wil'nis,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1659. 

Wilryk,  wil'rik,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  4 
miles  S.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2355. 

Wils'den,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Keighley.     Pop.  3127. 

Wilsdruff,  ^ils'droof,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles  W.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  Wilde-Sau.     Pop.  2569. 

Wilsele,  wil's^-l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1195. 

Wilseyville,  New  York.     See  Willsetvillb. 

Wil'seyville,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0. 

Wilsnach,  <^iIs'niK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Brandenburg,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2180. 

Wil'son,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Verdi- 
gris River,  which  runs  nearly  southward,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Fall  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  upland  prairies  and  wide  river-bottoms,  on 
which  groves  of  oak,  hickory,  white  ash,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Indian  corn,  hay,  wheat,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products,  and  coal  is  abundant.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  several  railroad  lines.  Capital,  Fredonia.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6694;  in  1880,  13,775;  in  1890,  15,286. 


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2835 


WIL 


Wilson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Moccasin  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Contentnea 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  which,  diverging 
at  the  capital  of  the  county,  run  respectively  to  Fayette- 
ville  and  Wilmington.  Capital,  Wilson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,258;  in  1880,  16,064;  in  1890,  18,644, 

WilsoU)  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  536  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Cumberland  River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats. 
The  surface  is  moderately  hilly  or  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  cedar, 
hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestones  (Trenton  and 
Nashville)  underlie  nearly  all  parts  of  the  surface.  This 
county  is  connected  with  Nashville  by  the  Nashville,  Chat- 
tanooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  25,881 ;  in  1880,  28,747;  in  1890,  27,148. 

Wilson,  a  coigity  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  San  Antonio  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Cibolo.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
ests. Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas 
Pass  Railroad.  Area,  940  square  miles.  Capital,  Flores- 
ville._   Pop.  in  1870,  2556 ;  in  1880,  7188 ;  in  1890, 10,665. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 
It  ha,8  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of  rosin  and  turpen- 
tine.    Pop.  about  200. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  10}  miles 
S.  of  Wellborn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.     Pop.  640. 

Wilson,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Logansport 
and  Marion,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport,  Ind. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Bast  Nishnabatona  River,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Red  Oak. 

Wilson,  a  post-village  in  Wilson  township,  Ellsworth 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Ellsworth.  It  has  a  graded  school,  about  30 
houses,  and  a  broom-factory.  Coal  is  found  near  it.  Pop. 
of  township,  892.  The  name  of  the  station  at  this  place 
is  Bosland. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  531. 

Wilson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Worcester  co.,  Md. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilson  township,  Winona  co., 
Minn.,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Winona.  The  township  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1086. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilson  township,  Adair  co., 
Mo.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Macon  City.  The  township  con- 
tains 4  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1119. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1740. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1053. 

Wilson,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  11  miles  N. 
of  Richland  Station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Wilson,  a  post-village  and  shipping-port  in  Wilson 
township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lockport.  It 
has  a  good  harbor,  3  or  4  churches,  a  union  school,  2  iron- 
foundries,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill.  It  is  i  mile  from 
Wilson  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.  Pop.  661 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2847. 

W'^ilson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Wilson  township,  on  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.  of  Goldsborough,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of 
Raleigh.  It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  the  Wilson  Collegiate  Seminary  for  young  ladies, 
and  Wilson  College,  also  a.  tannery,  a  foundry,  2  plough- 
factories,  2  carriage-factories,  a  steam-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2176;  of  the  township,  4903. 

Wilson,  a  post-office  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  is  at  Newport,  a 
hamlet  20  miles  S.E.  of  Hillsborough. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1157. 

Wilson,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township,  St. 
Croix  CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  32  miles 
E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  large  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.     P.  1222. 

Wil'sonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  in 
Denver  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Noble,  and  about  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Olney.     It  has  a  church. 

Wilsonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 


on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Clarks- 
burg.    It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Wilson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 

Wilson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Binghamton. 

Wilson  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Hempstead  oo.,  Ark. 

Wilson  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa. 

Wilson's,  a  station  of  the  Western  Railroad  of  Ala- 
bama, 13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Selma,  Ala. 

Wilson's,  a  station  of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  Hi  miles  N.  of  New  Albany,  Ind. 

Wilson's,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  {  of  a  mile  E.  of  Altamont. 
It  has  a  church  and  6  families. 

Wilson's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Washington. 

Wilson's,  Crawford  co..  Mo.    See  Wilson's  Mills. 

Wilson's,  a  station  of  the  Painesville  A  Youngstown 
Railroad,  3}  miles  S.  of  Painesville,  0. 

Wilson's,  a  post-office  of  Anderscm  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Wilson's  Beach,  a  post- village  in  Charlotte  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  E.  end  of  Campo  Bello  Island,  at  the 
entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  3  miles  from  Eastport,  Me. 
Pop.  500. 

Wilson's  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  A  Lawrence  Railroad,  at  Wilson's 
Station,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Manchester.  Here  is  a  shoe-fac- 
tory. 

Wilson's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dinwiddle  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Wilson's  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Charles  City  co., 
Va.,  on  James  River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  oo..  Me.,  on 
the  Magalloway  River,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Paris. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Salem  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  at  Wilson's 
Station,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salem.  Here- is  a  flour-mill 
on  the  Maramec  River. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnston  oo.,  N.C., 
on  the  Raleigh  division  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
22}  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  machine-shop. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  oo.,  0., 
on  Chagrin  River,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oil  City. 

Wilson's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  East  Carroll  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Wilson's  Prom'ontory,  in  the  British  colony  of  Vic- 
toria, forms  the  S.  extremity  of  the  continent  of  Australia, 
in  Bass's  Strait.  Lat.  39°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  23'  E.  It  is  3000 
feet  above  the  sea.  Around  it  are  many  small  islands,  and 
on  its  E.  side  are  Comer  Inlet  and  Waterloo  Bay. 

Wilson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  oo.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Winston. 

Wil'sontown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark- 
Pop.  585. 

Wil'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tal- 
ladega. It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumbor 
and  sorghum. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  oo..  Conn., 
on  the  Norwich  A  Worcester  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Worcester,  Mass.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Whitesburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Van  Bnren  oo.,  Iowa. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Allen  oo.,  Kansas,  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Louisville. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  oo..  Neb.,  65  inilea 
S.  by  W.  of  Plum  Creek. 

W^ilsonville^  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Hawley  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  9  milej 
N.  of  the  village  of  Obion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  oo.,  Utah. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

Wilster,  ^il'st^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holst«in,  on 
the  Wilsteraue,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gliickstadt.  Pop.  2370 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  oorn. 


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Wilten,  <^il't§n,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle  of 
Schwatz,  near  Imst.     Pop.  2575. 

Wil'ton,  a  parliamentary  borough  of  England,  oo.  of 
Wilts,  3i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  Pop.  3866.  Chief 
edifices,  the  church,  town  hall,  dissenting  chapels,  and  the 
hospital  of  St.  John.  It  has  an  endowed  school.  Wilton 
has  long  been  celebrated  for  a  manufactory  of  carpets 
bearing  its  name.  The  borough  returns  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Wilton  House,  the  magnificent 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  containing  a  fine  gallery 
of  paintings,  stands  on  the  site  of  a  famous  abbey,  founded 
A.D.  800. 

Wilton,  a  suburb  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh  oo.,  Scotland. 
Pop.  2986. 

Wil'ton,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pike  oo..  Ark.,  about  48  miles 
W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in  Wil- 
ton township,  on  the  Danbury  A  Norwalk  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  Danbury,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Norwalk.  It  has 
2  churches  and  2  academies  or  boarding-schools.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1994. 

Wilton,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.     Pop.  1118. 

Wilton,  or  Wilton  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Wil- 
ton township,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  South- 
west Branch  of  the  same,  12  miles  N.  of  Muscatine,  and  25 
miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  contains  4  churches,  1  or  2 
newspaper  oflBces,  a  bank,  and  a  Baptist  college.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Wilton  Junction.  Pop.  1351  ;  of  the 
township  (additional),  1047. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  in  Wilton  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Fnrmington,  1  mile  W.  of  the 
Androscoggin  Railroad,  and  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  the  AVilton  Academy.  The  township 
contains  another  village,  named  East  Wilton,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods,  scythes,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1 906.     Wilton  Station  is  8i  miles  S.W.  of  Farmington. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  in  Wilton  township,  Waseca  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Le  Sueur  River,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Fari- 
bault, and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mankato.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  643. 

Wilton,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  18  miles  above  JeflFerson  City. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Wilton 
township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Souhegan  River 
and  the  Wilton  Branch  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  A  Nashua 
Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashua.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship. 1974. 

Wilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Wilton 
township,  about  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
has  several  saw-mills.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1218. 

Wilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Raleigh.     Here  is  the  Wilton  Academy. 

Wilton,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 

Wilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  S. 
border  of  Wilton  township,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1087. 

Wil'ton,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  on  Big 
Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Odessa,  and  16  miles  from  Kingston. 
It  contains  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  200. 

Wilton  Centre,  or  Pierce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co., 
111.,  16  miles  S.B.  of  Joliet.     It  has  3  churches. 

Wilton  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Wilton  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H. 

Wilton  Grove,  a  hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay,  Newfound- 
land, 20  miles  from  New  Bonaventure.  An  excellent  slate- 
quarry  is  worked  here. 

Wilton  Junction,  Iowa.    See  Wilton. 

Wilton  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  oo.,  Tenn. 

Wilts,  or  Wiltshire,  wilt'shir,  an  inland  county  of 
England,  in  its  S.  part,  enclosed  by  the  cos.  of  Hants,  Dor- 
set, Somerset,  Gloucester,  and  Berks.  Area,  1352  square 
miles.  Pop.  257,177.  Its  centre  is  occupied  by  the  table- 
land of  Salisbury  Plain,  in  which  rise  its  principal  rivers, 
the  Somerset  and  Hampshire  Avon,  the  Kennet,  and  some 
affluents  of  the  Thames,  which  partly  forms  its  N.  border. 
Principal  crops,  wheat  and  barley,  with  green  crops  and  po- 
tatoes. Sheep-raising  is  extensively  carried  on,  and  Wilt- 
shire is  famous  for  its  bacon ;  its  cheese  and  butter  are  also 
in  repute.  There  are  quarries  of  freestone  on  the  border  of 
Somerset ;  chalk  is  the  other  principal  mineral.  The  prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  woollen  stuff's.  Wilts  is  intersected 
by  the  Great  Western  and  Southwestern  Railways  and  the 
Kennet  A  Avon  and  Wilts  A  Berks  Canals.  After  Salisbury, 


its  capital,  the  chief  towns  are  Wilton,  Devizes,  Warminster, 
Trowbridge,  Chippenham,  Malmsbury,  Marlborough,  Swin- 
don, and  Cricklade.  With  its  boroughs,  it  sends  eighteen 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Besides  Stonehenge 
and  Avebury,  it  contains  numerous  vestiges  of  antiquity, 
having  been  a  frequent  seat  of  warftire  in  the  Middle  Ages. 

Wilts,  or  Wilz,  wilts,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Wilts,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Diekirch.     Pop.  3386. 

Wim'berley,  a  station  in  Chattahoochee  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus, 

Wim'berly,  a  station  on  the  Texas  Western  Railroad, 
30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Wim'bledon,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  with 
a  junction  station  on  the  London  A  Southwestern  Railway, 
8i  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  is  chiefly  famous 
for  its  extensive  common,  on  which  the  annual  gathering 
of  the  National  Rifle  Association  takes  place.     Pop.  9087. 

Wim'blington,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cam> 
bridge,  on  the  Eastern  Counties  Railway,  3^  miles  S.  of 
March. 

Wimborne-Min'ster,  a  market-town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  between  the  Stour  and  the  Allen,  and  on  the 
Southwestern  Railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Poole.  Pop.  2113. 
The  town  has  a  noble  minster  or  collegiate  church,  which 
dates  from  about  the  time  of  the  Conquest.  Here  are  sev- 
eral endowed  schools,  almshouses,  and  charities.  Wimbome 
has  small  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  stockings. 

Wimme'ra,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  its  W. 
part,  flows  N.E.  and  N.  through  Lake  Hindmarsh  into  Lake 
Albacntya.  Length,  135  miles.  It  gives  name  to  an  ex- 
tensive partially-settled  district,  S.  of  the  river  Murray, 
having  a  pop.  of  25,000. 

Wim'merby,  a  town  of  South  Sweden,  72  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Kalmar,  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Westervik.     Pop.  1853. 

Wimmis,  ^im'mis,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Simme.     Pop.  1323. 

Wiinpfen,  "frimp'f^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hesse,  prov- 
ince of  Starkenburg,  capital  of  a  detiwjhed  district  between 
Baden  and  Wiirtemberg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jaxt  and 
the  Neckar,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Heilbronn.  Pop.  2081.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  was  formerly  a  free  city  of  the  em- 
pire.    It  has  an  extensive  salt-works  and  5  annual  fairs. 

Win'amac,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind., 
in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  A  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Logansport,  and  91  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  convent,  an 
academy,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  906. 

Win^ameg',  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  6  miles  N. 
of  Delta. 

Winandermere  Lake.    See  Windermere  Lake. 

Wi'nans,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 8i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Winant's  Kill,  Rensselaer  oo.,  N.Y.  See  Wtnaht's 
Kill. 

Wi'nantsville,  a  village  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  New- 
town township,  1  mile  from  Fresh  Pond.  It  haa  a  basket- 
factory. 

Win'canton,  a  market-town  of  England,  oo.  of  Som- 
erset, on  the  Cale,  23  miles  S.  of  Bath.  Pop.  2337.  It  has 
a  spacious  church,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  bed-ticking, 
and  silk,  and  is  a  mart  for  cheese,  butter,  corn,  and  cattle. 

Winch'combe,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  immediately  N.  of  the  Cotswold  Hills,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cheltenham.  Pop.  of  parish,  2993.  It  has 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  paper-mill,  silk-mills,  and  some 
manufactures  of  stockings  and  thread. 

Winch'ell's,a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of  Millerton. 

Winchelsea,  win'chel-se,  a  cinque  port  and  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  near  its  E.  extremity,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Rye.  Pop.  679.  Old  Winchelsea,  a  place 
of  importance  in  the  Roman  period,  stood  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Rother,  2  miles  distant,  but  was  destroyed  by  an  in- 
undation of  the  sea  in  1287. 

Winchelsea,  win'chel-se,  or  E'limville,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Gran  ton.    Pop.  100. 

Winch'endon,  a  post-village  in  Winchendon  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River,  on  the  Bos- 
ton,  Barre  A  Gardner  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Cheshire  Railroad,  and  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Worcester,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Fitch- 
burg.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Ware  River  Railroad. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a 
superior  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  and  7  churches.  The 
township   has   manufactures    of  cotton  cloth,   machinery. 


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2837 


WIN 


chairs,  wooden- ware,  bit  braces,  bobbins,  spools,  <tc.  Pop. 
of  village,  about  2500;  of  township  (1890),  4390. 

Win'chester  (ano.  Venta  Belga'rum),  a  city  and  par- 
liainentarj  and  municipal  borough  of  England,  of  which 
it  was  long  the  capital,  now  capital  of  the  county  of  Hants, 
is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Itchen,  with  a  station  on  the 
London  &  Southwestern  Railway,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  South- 
ampton, and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  Pop.  19,073. 
The  city  consists  chiefly  of  a  main  street,  crossed  at  right 
angles  by  many  others,  which  have  some  antique  edifices. 
Nearly  all  the  S.E.  quarter  is  occupied  by  the  cathedral 
and  its  precincts,  supposed  to  have  been  founded  in  the 
second  century.  It  is  545  feet  in  length  externally,  208  feet 
in  breadth  at  the  transept,  with  a  nave  351  feet,  a  choir 
136  feet  in  length,  and  a  central  tower  150  feet  in  height. 
Its  interior  is  magnificent.  It  contains  the  tomb  of  Wil- 
liam Rufus,  and,  in  a  series  of  carved  chests  over  the  choir, 
the  remains  of  many  of  the  kings  of  Wessex  and  of  the 
Saxon  kings  of  England.  Its  altar-piece  is  the  celebrated 
"  Raising  of  Lazarus,"  by  West.  The  see  of  Winchester 
includes  384  parishes,  and  it  is  the  richest  in  England  after 
that  of  Durham.  At  one  period  Winchester  is  said  to  have 
had  90  churches,  chapels,  and  monastic  institutions,  many 
of  which  were  swppt  away  by  the  Reformation ;  at  present 
it  has  9  parish  churches.  Winchester  College,  founded  in 
1387,,  has  fine  buildings.  Other  principal  structures  are 
St.  John's  House,  barracks  for  2000  men,  a  large  new  hos- 
pital, a  new  diocesan  training-college,  the  assize  hall,  the 
guild  hall,  county  jail,  county  hospital,  a  fine  Roman  Cath- 
olic church,  dissenting  chapels,  a  market-house,  a  theatre, 
and  assembly-rooms.  The  hospital  of  St.  Cross,  1  mile  S. 
of  the  city,  but  now  included  within  the  borough,  main- 
tains a  kind  of  monastic  body  of  13  poor  men,  and  afibrds 
entertainment  to  the  poor  and  travellers.  It  has  a  very 
remarkable  ancient  church  and  other  buildings.  Win- 
chester has  many  almshouses  and  other  charities;  also. a 
mechanics'  institution,  a  public  library,  and  a  savings- 
bank.     It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Under  the  name  of  Caer-Gwent,  Winchester  was  one  of 
the  most  important  cities  of  the  ancient  Britons ;  it  became 
an  important  Roman  station,  and,  having  been  taken  by 
Cerdio  in  519,  it  remained  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
Wessex,  and  of  England  throughout  all  the  Saxon,  Danish, 
and  early  Norman  dynasties ;  and  it  was  a  residence  of  the 
English  sovereigns  down  to  the  accession  of  George  I. 

Win'chester,  a  post-office  of  Drew  co.,  Ark. 

Winchester,  a  township  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.  It 
contains  Winsted  and  West  Winsted,  and  is  the  seat  of 
Winchester  Academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  6183. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Valley. 
Pop.  about  50. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  oo..  111., 
in  Winchester  township,.on  Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  Rock- 
ford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of 
Beardstown,  and  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture, 
ploughs,  and  stone-ware.     Pop.  in  1890,  1542. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Ind.,  in  White  River  township,  on  White  River,  and  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Richmond  <fc  Fort  Wayne  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  and  21  miles  E.  of 
Munoie.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  and  1  other  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  3014. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township.  Van 
Buren  co.,  Iowa,  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fairfield.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  25 
miles  W.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clark  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  railroad  between  Lexington  and  Mt.  Sterling,  18 
miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  court- 
house, a  high  school,  2  national  banks  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $325,000,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  hotels.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4519. 

Winchester,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas 
Railroad,  57  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Winchester,  or  Ford's  Store,  a  post-village  of 
Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Centreville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  250.  Here 
is  Ford's  Store  Post-Offioe. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Winchester  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  tt  Nashua 


Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Woburn  Branch,  8  milM 
N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  fine  residences,  4  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  leather. 
Many  merchants  of  Boston  reside  here.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  4861. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railrotul,  1  mile  E.  of  the  Chiokasawha 
River,  and  77  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo,,  6  miles 
S.  of  Wayland,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  147. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Winchester  townshi]>, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,on  the  Ashuelot  River  and  the  Ashuelot 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Keene.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  tannery.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Ashuelot,  with  a  woollen-faotory. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2584. 

Winchester,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Winchester  (Scott  Post-Office),  a  village  in  Winchester 
township,  Adams  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <Sc  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 56  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  <fco.  Pop.  560;  of 
the  township,  1475. 

Winchester,  Columbiana  oo.,  0.    See  Hohiwobtb. 

Winchester,  a  village  in  Maidison  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Columbus  <fc 
Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  apd  a  sash-  and 
door-factory.  Pop.  633.  Here  is  Canal  Winchester  Post- 
Office. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  179. 

Winchester,  a  hamlet  in  Bloomfield  township,  Jacksoi. 
CO.,  0.,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Chillioothe.  Pop.  89.  Her« 
is  Rocky  Hill  Post-Office. 

Winchester,  a  village  in  Gratis  township,  Preble  co., 
0.,  near  Twin  Creek,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden,  and  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  430. 
Here  is  Gratis  Post-Office. 

Winchester,  a  village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Umpqua,  5  or  6  miles  N.  of  Rosebnrg. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  a  fork  of  Elk  River,  and  on  the  Winchester  & 
Alabama  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chattanooga,  85 
miles  from  Nashville,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Decherd  Station 
of  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  5  churches,  the  Mary  Sharp  College,  the  Car- 
rick  (male)  Academy,  a  normal  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  tanneries,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots 
and  shoes.    It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.   P.  1039. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Giddings,  and  about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aus- 
tin.    It  contains  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Winchester,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  is  on  the  Har- 
per's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road,  and  on  the  Washington  <Ss  Ohio  Railroad,  94  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Staunton,  and  113  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile  country, 
which  is  part  of  the  great  valley  of  Virginia.  The  houses 
are  built  in  a  compact  and  substantial  manner,  mostly  of 
brick  and  stone,  and  are  supplied  with  good  water,  which 
is  conveyed  from  a  spring  in  iron  pipes.  Winchester  con- 
tains 14  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  female  seminary  called  Fairfax  Hall,  the 
Valley  Female  College,  the  Shenandoah  Valley  Academy, 
a  large  hotel,  2  glove-factories,  a  paper-mill,  several  flour- 
ing-mills, a  broom-factory,  a  shoe-factory,  several  foundries, 
and  cigar-factories.  Pop.  4958.  During  the  oivil  war 
Winchester  was  many  times  taken  and  retaken  by  the 
armies,  and  several  battles  were  fought  near  it. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  in  Winchester  township, 
Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Menasha.  It 
has  a  hotel  and  a  store.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  Poygan  Lake.  It  has  3  Lutheran  churches,  2  of 
which  are  Norwegian.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1131. 

Win'chester,  or  Ches'terville,  a  post-village  in 
Dundas  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Nation,  19  miles  N.  of 
Morrisburg.  It  contains  a  tannery,  a  carding-mill,  a  grist- 
and  saw-mill,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Winchester  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Winchester 
township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Winsted. 

Winchester  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  oo., 
Ontario,  12  miles  from  Morrisburg.    It  contains  a  hotel 


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and  excellent  mineral  springs,  and  is  a  favorite  summer 
resort  of  health-seekers.     Pop.  100 

Windau,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vindao. 

Windecken,  ^in'dfik*k§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Cassel,  province  and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hanau,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Nidder.     Pop.  1444. 

Win^degoos'tan,  a  chain  of  lakes  in  Canada,  W.  of 
Lake  Superior,  connected  by  a  small  stream,  and  having  an 
aggregate  length  of  12  miles. 

Win'der,  a  post-village  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  <fc  Augusta  Air- Line  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Cam- 
eron. It  has  manufactures  of  rosin,  turpentine,  and  lumber. 

Win'dermere,  a  parish  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Westmoreland,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kendal.  Pop.  of  parish, 
4787 ;  of  town,  909. 

Win'dermere,  a  hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Hartford,  on  the  Rockville  Branch  of  the  Central 
Railroad,  and  2  miles  N.W.  of  Rockville.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory  and  a  soap-factory. 

Win'dermere  J  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
26  miles  from  Bracebridge.     Pop.  100. 

Win'dermere  (or  Win'andermere)  Lake,  one  of 
the  finest  of  the  English  lakes,  partly  between  the  cos.  of 
Westmoreland  and  Lancaster,  is  14  miles  in  length  by  1 
mile  in  width,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  southward 
by  the  Leven  into  Morecambe  Bay.  In  its  centre  is  a  group 
of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  comprises  28  acres.  Bowness 
is  on  its  E.  side,  and  Ambleside  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Wind'fall,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Wild- 
cat township,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anderson.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  10  stores. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Windfall,  a  station  in  MoKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ken- 
dall &  Eldred  Railroad. 

Wind  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
near  the  Kittatinny  Mountain,  9  miles"  N.E.  of  Bath,  and 
about  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Easton. 

Windham,  wind'am  or  wind'ham,  the  most  north- 
eastern county  of  Connecticut,  borders  on  Massachusetts. 
Area,  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Quinebaug  River,  which  runs  southward,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Shetucket,  Nachaug,  and  Moosup  Rivers,  which 
afford  water-power.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  elm, 
oak,  beech,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  cheese,  cattle,  oats,  and  Indian  com  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
cotton  and  other  articles,  the  value  of  the  cotton  goods 
sometimes  exceeding  $5,000,000  per  annum.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  New  London  Northern  division  of  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  and  is  intersected  by  the  New 
York  <fc  New  England  Railroad.  Capital,  Brooklyn.  Pop. 
in  1870,  38,518;  in  1880,  43,856;  in  1890,  45,158. 

Windham,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Vermont, 
borders  on  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire.  Area, 
about  765  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Connecticut  River,  is  intersected  by  the  West  River,  and 
also  drained  by  the  Deerfield  River  and  other  streams.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Hay,  butter,  wool,  maple  sugar,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  Gneiss  underlies  a  large  part 
of  this  county,  which  has  also  some  limestone,  and  quar- 
ries of  slate  and  fine  granite.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  the  southern 
markets  by  it,  via  its  New  London  Northern  division,  and 
by  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Newfane. 
Pop.  in  1870,  26,036;  in  1880,  26,763;  in  1890,  26,547. 

Windham,  a  post-oflOice  and  mining-camp  of  Ouray  co., 
Col.,  3  miles  N.  of  Ouray.  It  has  a  mill  for  silver,  which  is 
mined  here. 

Windham,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Willimantic, 
and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  national  bank.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Shetucket 
River,  and  contains  the  village  of  Willimantic,  which  is  at 
the  junction  of  several  railroads.     Pop.  of  township,  8264. 

Windham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hardin  township,  John- 
son CO.,  Iowa,  on  Iowa  Creek,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Iowa 
City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Windham,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  is  contiguous  to  Sebago  Lake, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Presumpscot  River.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Windham  Centre,  South  Windham,  and  Wind- 
bam  Hill,  and  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 


goods,  lumber,  fiour,  boots  and  shoes,  rakes,  carriages,  pow- 
der, Ac.     Pop.  2428. 

Windham ,  a  post-village  in  Windham  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  2i  miles  S.  of  Windham  Depot,  and  about 
9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  753.     See  Windham  Depot,  and  West  Windham. 

Windham,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wind- 
ham township,  near  the  Catskill  Mountains,  27  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Catskill.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  350 ;  of  the 
township,  1492. 

Windham,  a  post-village  in  Windham  township,  Por- 
tage CO.,  0.,  near  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
the  Cleveland  Branch  of  which  intersects  this  township. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  865.  Windham  Station  is  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ravenna,  and  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Warren. 

Windham,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1188.  Windham  Post-Office  is  about  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Owego,  N.Y. 

Windham,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  660. 

Windham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Ben- 
nington.    Pop.  of  the  township,  544. 

Windham  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.  The  works  of 
the  Oriental  Powder  Company  are  located  near  here. 

Windham  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Towanda. 
It  has  a  church. 

Windham  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Simcoe.     I*  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Windham  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  lOi  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Nashua. 

Windham's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Windham  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo., 
Pa.,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Windhill',  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  3  miles 
N.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  5783. 

Windisch,  ♦in'dish  (anc.  VindonU'sa),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Aarau, 
near  Brugg,  on  the  Reuss.  Pop.  1672.  The  ancient  city 
was  one  of  the  most  important  settlements  of  the  Romans 
in  Helvetia,  and  a  few  traces  of  it  still  remain. 

Windischgarsten,  ^in'dish-gans^t^n,  a  town  of  Up- 
per Austria,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Steyer.     Pop.  1053. 

Wind'mill  Point,  a  cape  in  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
S.  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  Rappahannock  River  into 
Chesapeake  Bay.  Another  Windmill  Point  is  in  Prince 
George  co.,  on  the  James  River,  10  miles  below  City  Point. 

Win'dom,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cottonwood  co., 
Minn.,  on  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  A  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madelia,  and  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Worthington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
ofiBce,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  hotels,  and  a  grain-ele- 
vator.    Pop.  in  1890,  835. 

Windom,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  606. 

Win'dow  Cliffs,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Wind  Ridge,  Greene  co..  Pa.    See  Jacksonville. 

Wind  River,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  Wind  River 
Mountains,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Fremont's  Peak.  It 
runs  southeastward  into  Sweetwater  oo.,  then  turns  to  the 
left,  and  flows  northward  to  the  Big  Horn  Mountains.  The 
lower  part  of  this  stream  is  called  Big  Horn  River. 

Wind  River  Mountains,  Wyoming,  a  range  of  the 
Rooky  Mountains,  running  N.W.  and  S.E.,  composed  to  a 
large  extent  of  red  and  gray  feldspathic  granite,  with  the 
fossiliferous  rocks  inclining  high  upon  its  sides.  It  forms 
the  dividing  crest  of  the  continent,  the  streams  on  the 
one  side  flowing  into  the  Atlantic  and  those  on  the  other 
into  the  Pacific.  The  Green  River  rises  on  the  S.W. 
slope  of  this  range,  and  the  Wind  River  on  the  other  side. 
It  culminates  in  Fremont's  Peak,  which  has  an  altitude  of 
13,576  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  sides  of  these 
mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 

Windsbach,  ^inds'blK,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Rezat,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1483. 

Windsheim,  ♦ints'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  3658.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  needles,  and  gold  and  silver  articles. 

Windsor,  or  New  Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough,  town,  and  parish  of  England,  oo. 
of  Berks,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  with  terminal 


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2839 


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■tations  on  branch  lines  of  the  Qreat  Western  and  South- 
western Railways,  and  23  miles  S.W.  of  London.  Pop. 
of  parliamentary  borough,  17,281.  The  town  consists 
chiefly  of  a  main  thoroughfare,  winding  close  around  the  TV. 
and  S.  sides  of  Windsor  Castle,  two  other  principal  streets, 
and  several  smaller  streets.  Principal  edifices,  the  town 
hall,  standing  out  conspicuously  in  the  High  street,  infantry 
barracks,  a  spacious  church,  with  some  fine  carved  work 
and  monuments,  various  chapels,  a  theatre,  and  buildings 
of  schools  and  charities.  George  III.  established  a  hospital 
here  for  invalid  soldiers ;  and  here  are  a  lying-in  charity,  a 
royal  general  dispensary,  almshouses,  and  minor  charities. 
It  has  well-supplied  markets  and  some  trade  in  com,  and  is 
famous  for  its  ale ;  bat  the  resources  of  the  inhabitants  are 
almost  solely  derived  from  the  presence  of  the  court  and 
the  influx  of  visitors.  Old  Windsoh  is  a  parish  IJ  miles 
E.S.E.  of  New  Windsor.  During  the  Saxon  dynasty  a 
palace  existed  here;  hut  the  royal  residence  was  removed  to 
thepresent  locality  by  William  the  Conqueror. 

Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Vermont, 
borders  on  New  Hampshire.  Area,  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  White  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Black 
and  Quechee  Rivers.  Some  of  these  afford  abundant  water- 
power.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  presents 
beautiful  scenery.  In  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county  As- 
cutney  Mountain  rises  about  3300  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Here  are  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  wool,  butter,  cattle,  horses, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products, 
the  growth  of  wool  exceeding  that  of  any  other  county  in 
the  state.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  granite,  fine 
marble,  serpentine,  iron  ore,  limestone,  and  beautiful  sye- 
nite. It  18  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  namely,  the  Rutland  division  and  the 
Southern  division,  and  the  Woodstock  Railroad  runs  from 
Woodstock  Junction  to  Woodstock,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  36,063;  in  1880,  35,196;  in  1890,  31,706. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  in  the 
valley  of  Russian  River,  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Rosa.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  wine.     Pop.  about  400. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Routt  co..  Col. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Farmington  River,  and  on  the  New 
Haven,  Hartford  &  Springfield  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of 
Hartford.  It  contains  several  churches  and  a  young  ladies' 
institute.  The  township  contains  villages  named  Rainbow 
and  Poquonnock,  and  has  manufactures  of  paper,  woollen 
goods,  cigars,  and  bricks,  and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  2954. 

Windsor,  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  about  35  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Atlanta, 

Windsor,  Mercer  co..  111.    See  New  Windsor. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Shelby 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Mattoon,  12  miles  S.  of  Sullivan,  and  36  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  a  banking-house,  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  518 ;  of  the  township,  1593. 

Windsor,  a  posft-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  about  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Muncie. 

Windsor,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  3  miles 
W.  of  West  Union,  and  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decorah.  P.  883. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.    P.  678. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Saline  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Salina.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windsor  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  10  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  several  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1266. 

Windsor,  a  station  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad, 
2i  miles  N.W.  of  the  Union  Depot,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Windsor,  or  Windsor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wind- 
sor township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  an  elevated  site, 
about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  624. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1433. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  about  1000, 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Concord.     Pop.  81. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Hightstown. 
I;  has  a  church,  a  shirt-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 


Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Nineveh 
Branch  of  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  130  milet 
W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bing- 
hamton.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  an  academy 
or  union  school,  and  has  manufactures  of  floar,  lumber,  and 
whips.     Pop.  325;  of  the  township,  3224. 

Windsor,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C,  in 
Windsor  township,  on  the  Cashie  River,  about  115  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Raleigh,  and  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth. 
It  contains  3  churches,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  427 ;  of  the  township,  3732. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Ashta- 
bula CO.,  0.,  near  Grand  River,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Cleve- 
land. The  township  has  4  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  1943. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  2251. 
It  contains  Stockport. 

Windsor,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic 
&  Great  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1211. 

Windsor,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  from 
Byers  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Windsor,  a  post- village  of  York  eo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  York.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  2  cigar-factories.    Pop.  of  township,  2024. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windsor  township,  Aiken 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Aiken.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1021. 

Windsor,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  on  the  Southern  division  of  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  below  White  River  Junction,  and  about  33 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  contains  the  Vermont  state 
prison,  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  fine  building  used  for  the  post- 
office  and  United  States  court.  It  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton, machinery,  Ac.  Ascutney  Mountain  is  in  the  S.  part 
ton,  machinery,  Ac.  Ascutney  Mountain  is  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  township.    Pop.  in  1890, 1384 ;  of  the  township,  1846. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windsor  township,  Dane 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  railroad  between  Madison  and  Portage,  11^ 
miles  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1191. 

Windsor,  a  hamlet  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Western 
Union  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Racine.  Post-office,  Sylvania. 

Windsor,  wln'z^r,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario, 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Detroit  River,  opposite  Detroit,  and 
at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Grand  Trunk,  Canadian  Pacific, 
and  Canada  Southern  Railways,  110  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lon- 
don, and  225  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  7 
churches,  2  branch  banks,  a  private  bank,  a  collegiate  in- 
stitute, a  convent,  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers,  a  brewery,  and  manufactories  of 
tobacco,  brooms,  leather,  wooden-ware,  wine,  soap,  boots 
and  shoes,  carriages,  Ac. ;  also  several  large  and  commodi- 
ous hotels.  It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  has 
an  electric  street-railway.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,929. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carleton  co.,  New  Brans- 
wick,  23i  miles  N.E.  of  Woodstock.    Pop.  200. 

Windsor,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Hants,  on  an  arm  of  Minas  Bay,  which  sets  up 
far  into  the  interior  of  the  province,  and  on  the  Windsor 
A  Annapolis  Railway,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax,  and  84 
miles  from  Annapolis.  It  is  the  seat  of  King's  College,  the 
oldest  educatioRal  institution  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  a  place 
of  commercial  importance  in  consequence  of  the  extensive 
mines  of  limestone,  gypsum,  and  other  valuable  minerals 
abounding  in  its  vicinity.  The  town  contains  6  churches, 
3  banks,  an  iron-foundry,  several  mills,  factories,  and  ship- 
yards, and  3  newspaper  offices.  The  streets  of  Windsor 
are  lighted  with  electric  light.  It  is  a  port  of  entry.  As  a 
shipping  port  it  ranks  second  in  the  Dominion.    Pop.  3000. 

Windsor,  Ontario.    See  Whitby. 

Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  borough  of  New  South  Wales,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  on  Hawkesbury  River,  at  the  confluence  of 
South  Creek,  34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sydney.  Pop.  1732. 
The  Hawkesbury  is  navigable  to  4  miles  above  Windsor. 

Windsor  Bridge,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Falmouth. 

Windsor  Castle,  the  principal  residence  of  the  sover- 
eigns of  Great  Britain,  is  situated  immediately  E.  of  New 
Windsor.  This  magnificent  structure  was  originally  built 
by  William  the  Conqueror,  and  has  been  embellished  by 
most  of  the  succeeding  sovereigns.  The  great  park  of 
Windsor  comprises  about  3800  acres,  well  stocked  with  deer 
W.  of  it  is  Windsor  Forest,  50  miles  in  circumference. 


WIN 


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WIN 


Windsor  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Windsor  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Windsor  Forks,  a  hamlet  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
4i  miles  from  AVindsor.     Pop.  180. 

Windsor  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Intercolonial  and  Wind- 
sor &  Annapolis  Railways,  13  miles  from  Halifax.      P.  50. 

Windsor  Locks,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  Locks 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  opposite  Warehouse  Point,,  and  on  the  New 
Haven,  Hartford  &  Springfield  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Suflaeld  Branch,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hartford.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  union  school- 
house  which  cost  $35,000.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper, 
silk,  steel,  cotton  warp,  stockinet  goods,  and  school  apparatus. 
About  a  mile  above  the  village  the  railroad  crosses  the  Con- 
necticut River  on  a  noble  iron  bridge  1525  feet  long.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2758, 

Windsor  Mills,  a  post-of5ce  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Windsor  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 86i  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal,  and  14  miles  N.  of  Sher- 
brooke.  It  has  unrivalled  water-power,  a  large  paper-mill, 
a  powder-factory,  5  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  2  churches,  and 
about  6  stores.     Pop.  325. 

Windsor  Station,  a  post-village  of  Isle  of  Wight 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34 
miles  W.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  a  masonic  hall  and  3  stores. 

Windsorville,  win'z^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  East 
Windsor  township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Hartford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Wind'ward  Islands  (so  named  with  reference  to  the 
trade-winds  and  to  the  Leeward  Islands),  a  colony  of  Great 
Britain,  comprising  the  southeasternmost  or  windward  por- 
tion of  the  Lesser  Antilles,  in  the  West  Indies.  The  prin- 
cipal islands  are  Barbadoes,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada,  the  Grena- 
dines, Tobago,  and  St.  Lucia,  each  of  which  (except  the 
Grenadines)  has  a  local  government,  subject  to  the  general 
authority  of  the  colony,  which  is  under  a  governor-in- 
chief,  residing  at  Bridgetown,  in  Barbadoes.  The  islands 
are  described  each  under  its  own  name.  Pop.  285,000. 
Geographically,  the  island  of  Trinidad  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  Windward  group ;  but  the  name  is,  in  general,  very 
vaguely  used.     See  Leeward  Islands. 

Wineburg,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     See  Sweet  Wish. 

Wine'dale,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

Wine  Harbor,  a  seaport  in  Guysborough  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  13  miles  from  Sherbrooke.    P.  380. 

Wine  Hill,  a  post-o£5ue  of  Randolph  co.,  III. 

Wine  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  W.  part 
of  Lake  Erie.     They  belong  mostly  to  Ottawa  co.,  0. 

Winesburg,  wlnz'bfirg,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  oo., 
0.,  in  Paint  township,  about  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Massillon. 
Pop.  260. 

Wine  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Win'fall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perquimans  co.,  N.C.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Suffolk,  Va, 

Win'field,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Winfield  town- 
ship, Du  Page  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad,  27i  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  The  township  contains 
the  village  of  Turner,  which  is  at  the  junction  of  3  branches 
of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2211. 

Winfield,  Jefferson  co..  111.     See  Fitzqkreh,. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Winfield 
township,  6  miles  E.  of  Crown  Point.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 516. 

Winfield,  a  post-village  of  Henry  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Scott 
township,  on  Crooked  Creek,  and  on  the  Burlington  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  981. 

Winfield,  a  city  of  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Cowley  co., 
on  Whitewater  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6,  Missouri  Pacific,  and  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Bail- 
roads,  42  miles  S.S.E,  of  Wichita,  and  81  miles  W.  of  Inde- 
pendence, It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banking- 
nouses,  2  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers,  a  machine-shop, 
several  large  roller  flour-mills,  Ac,  Here  is  the  Kansas 
state  institution  for  the  feeble-minded  and  a  Methodist 
college.     Pop.  in  1890,  5184. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     P.  323. 

Winfield,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore, 


Winfield,  a  post-village  in  Onondaga  township,  Ing- 
ham CO.,  Mich,,  about  IS  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200, 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     P.  447. 

Winfield,  a  post-township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road, and  contains  East  Winfield  and  West  Winfield.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1540. 

Winfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0,,  4  milee 
W,  by  N.  of  Canal  Dover.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1121. 

Winfield,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Union  co., 
Pa,,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  about 
5  miles  below  Lewisburg,  It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  sev- 
eral lime-kilns. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn.,  about  65 
miles  N.W,  of  Knoxville. 

Winfield,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co,,  W.  Va.,  4  miles  from 
Fairmont.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Winfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  W,  Va,, 
on  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston,  and  30  miles  S.E,  of  Gallipolis,  0,  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  banking-house.     Pop.  about  500. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis,     Pop.  827. 

Winfield  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co,, 
N,Y,,  in  Newtown  township,  on  the  Flushing  A  North  Sida 
and  Long  Island  Railroads,  at  Winfield  Station,  4  miles  W. 
of  Flushing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
manufactory  of  metallic  burial  cases  and  caskets. 

Win'fred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co,,  Ga,,  20  miles  S. 
of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Win'gate,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  and  7i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Durham,  on  the  Hartlepool  Branch  of  the  York 
&,  Berwick  Railway. 

Wingett  (win'jet)  Run,  a  post-offioe  of  Washington 
CO.,  0,,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta. 

Wing'ham,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Maitland,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Rail- 
way (South  extension),  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Palmerston.  It 
has  good  water-power,  2  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills,  2  plan- 
ing-mills,  2  lath-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  newspaper  office, 
4  churches,  3  hotels,  and  about  20  stores.     Pop.  about  700. 

Wingo's  (wing'goz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves 
CO.,  Ky,,  on  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  37  miles  S. 
of  Paducah.     It  has  3  churches. 

Wing  Road,  a  station  in  Grafton  co,,  N.H.,  on  the 
AVhite  Mountains  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mount 
Washington  Branch,  7  miles  E.  of  Littleton, 

Wing's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Dover  township, 
Dutchess  CO,,  N,Y,,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wings'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Wood  oo.,  0.,  about  30  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Wing'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  about  9 
miles  W,  of  Baker  City,     It  has  a  church, 

Wingville,  a  township  of  Grant  co,.  Wis.  Pop.  1017. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Montfort. 

Win'hall,  a  post-township  of  Bennington  oo.,  Vt.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  842. 

WinUbigo'shish  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  an  expansion 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  boundary  between  Cass  and 
Itasca  cos.  It  is  about  16  miles  long  and  8  miles  wide.  It 
is  nearly  6  miles  E.  of  Lake  Cass.  The  Mississippi  River 
issues  from  its  E.  side. 

Win'igan,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo. 

Winiki,  ♦e-nee'kee,  or  Winniki,  -^in-nee'kee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austrian  Galicia,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lemberg. 
Pop,  2367.     It  has  an  imperial  manufactory  of  tobacco. 

Winkel,  ♦in'k^l,  a  market-town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Rhine,  10  miles  W,  of  Mentz,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1752. 

Wink'ler,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  co,,  Tex.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Wortham.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Winkler's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Riley  oo,,  Kansas, 
15  miles  S,  of  Waterville,     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Win'lock,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lewis  co,,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  (Pacific  division), 
36  miles  N.  of  Kalama,    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Winn,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Dugdemona  River,  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Castor  Bayou,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Saline  Bayou. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  cypress, 
magnolia,  oak,  Ao.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cottpn,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Capital, 


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Winnfield  ia  the  S.  central  part  of  the  parish.     Pop.  in 
1870,  4954;  in  1880,  5846  ;  in  1890,  7082. 

Winn,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Winn 
township,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  European  <k 
North  American  Railroad,  56  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  or  3  lumber-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1880,  898;  in  1890,  936. 

Winn,  a  post-oflSce  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles  S.W. 
cf  Mount  Pleasant. 

Win^neba'go,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  aoout  552  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rock  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Pecatonica  and  Kishwaukee  Rivers,  both 
of  which  enter  Rock  River  in  this  county.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it 
is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Lower  Silurian 
limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil,  and  crops  out 
at  Rock  River.  This  is  sometimes  called  Galena  limestone. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  and  the  Western  Union  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Rockford.  Pop. 
in  1870,  29,301;  in  1880,  30,505;  in  1890,  39.938. 

Winnebago,  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  408  square  miles.  The  Iowa 
River  rises  in  or  near  the  S.  part  of  this  county,  which  is 
partly  drained  by  Lime  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  important  railroad 
lines.  Capital,  Forest  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1562 ;  in  1880, 
4917;  in  1890,  7325. 

Winnebago,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Winnebago  Lake,  is  intersected  by 
the  Fox  or  Neenah  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Wolf 
River.  These  waters  are  navigable  by  steamboats,  which 
can  pass  from  this  county  to  Green  Bay  on  the  one  hand 
and  to  the  Mississippi  River  on  the  other.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar- maple,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  calcareous, 
and  very  fertile.  Wheat,  hay,  oats,  butter,  cattle,  and  wool 
are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of 
the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed  by  4  railroads, — the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Northwestern,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul, 
the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western,  and  the  Wisconsin 
Central.  Capital,  Oshkosh.  Pop.  in  1870,  37,279;  in 
1880,  42,740  ;  in  1890,  50,097. 

Winnebago,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  in 
a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Freeport  Line  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Rock- 
ford,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Freeport.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  creamery,  a  steam 
grist-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  carriages.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1427. 

Winnebago,  or  Winnebago  City,  a  post-village 
of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  in  Winnebago  City  township,  on 
the  Blue  Earth  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  W.  of  Wells,  and  about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Mankato.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  of&ce,  2  banks, 
a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1108. 

Winnebago,  a  post-office  and  agency  of  Dakota  oc, 
Neb.,  22  miles  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It  is  on  a  reserva- 
tion occupied  by  about  1500  Indians.  It  has  several  schools. 

Winnebago,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis. 

Winnebago  Agency,  a  post-village  of  Blue  Earth 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  19'5. 

Winnebago  City,  Minnesota.    See  Winnebago. 

Winnebago  Lake,  Wisconsin,  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Winnebago  co.,  which  it  separates  from  Calumet 
00.  The  southern  part  of  it  is  comprised  in  the  co.  of  Fond 
du  Lao.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  measured  on  a  line 
drawn  N.  and  S.  The  greatest  width  is  about  11  miles,  and 
the  area  is  estimated  at  220  square  miles.  A  number  of 
steamboats  ply  on  this  lake,  which  is  an  important  channel 
of  commerce  in  connection  with  Fox  River,  which  enters  at 
the  W.  side  and  issues  from  the  northern  end  of  the  lake. 
The  chief  towns  on  this  lake  are  Fond  du  Lao,  Oshkosh,  and 
Menasha. 

Winnebago  Marsh,  Wisconsin.    See  Horicon  Lake. 

Winnebago  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Winona. 

Winnebah,  win'ne-ba,  a  town  of  Africa,  Gold  Coast. 
Lat.  5°  12'  N.;  Ion.  0°  36'  W.     The  English   fort  was 
abandoned  in  1812,  but  the  tcwn  has  been  rebuilt. 
17-9 


Winnebo'sho,  a  station  in  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Win'neburg,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  111. 

Win'necon'ne,  or  Win'necon'na,  a  post-village 
in  Wineconne  township,  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fox 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Wolf  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Oshkosh,  and  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Omro.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  3  shingle-millg. 
Pop.  1159. 

Winnegance,  win-ne-ganss',  a  post-hamlet  of  Saga- 
dahoc 00.,  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Bath. 
It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Win^nemuc'ca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hnmboldt 
CO.,  Nevada,  is  near  the  Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  144  miles  W.  of  Elko,  and  170  miles 
N.E.  of  Reno.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  several  quartz- 
mills,  and  a  daily  newspaper  office.  Large  workshops  of 
the  railroad  company  are  located  here.  Silver-mines  have 
been  opened  3  miles  from  this  place,  which  is  an  important 
shipping-point  for  cattle,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  1037. 

WiKnemncca  Lake,  Nevada,  is  in  Roop  co.,  about 
6  miles  E.  of  Pyramid  Lake.  It  is  about  28  miles  long  by 
4  miles  wide,  and  has  no  outlet. 

Winnenden,  ♦in'nen-d^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Neckar,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart. 
It  has  tanneries,  woollen-mills,  dye-works,  Ac.     Pop.  3572. 

Win^nepesau'kee,  or  Winipiseogee,  win^n?-pe- 
saw'kee,  a  beautiful  lake  of  New  Hampshire,  about  25  milei 
N.E.  of  Concord.  It  is  intersected  by  the  boundary  between 
the  COS.  of  Belknap  and  Carroll.  It  is  about  22  miles  long, 
has  a  very  irregular  outline,  and  encloses  numerous  islands. 
The  water  is  pure  and  deep,  and  is  navigated  by  steam- 
boats. The  surface  is  said  to  be  472  feet  higher  than  the 
level  of  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  very  picturesque 
mountain-scenery. 

Winnepesaukee  River,  New  Hampshire,  is  the  out- 
let of  the  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  is  connected  with 
Great  Bay.  It  runs  nearly  southwestward  through  Belknap 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  River  at  Franklin. 

Winneshiek,  win'ne-sheek,  a  northeastern  county  of 
Iowa,  bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  696  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Upper  Iowa  and  Turkey 
Rivers,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Big  Canoe  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  picturesque 
scenery.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large  part  of  it  is 
prairie,  and  it  has  plenty  of  timber.  Among  the  forest  treea 
are  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  black  walnut,  and  sugar-maple. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Good  Trenton  limestone  (Lower  Silurian) 
underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface,  and  forms  on  the 
Upper  Iowa  River  high  bluffs  and  cliffs  which  present  the 
appearance  of  ruined  castles.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  two  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  namely,  the  Iowa  A  Dakota  division  and  the 
Iowa  A  Minnesota  division,  their  routes  being  through  the 
southern  part  of  the  county,  with  branches  extending 
to  the  capital.  CapitaJ,  Decorah.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,570; 
in  1880,  23,938;  in  189b,  22,528. 

Winneshiek,  a  post-office  of  MoPherson  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  McPherson. 

Win^net'ka,  a  post- village  in  New  Trier  township, 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Milwaukee  Line),  16J  miles  N.  of 
Chicago.  Its  site  is  80  feet  above  the  water.  It  contains 
3  churches  and  the  Winnetka  Institute. 

Win'nicut,  a  small  river  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
unites  its  waters  with  the  Piscataqua  River. 

Winnieoka,  win^ne-o'ka,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Wis. 

Winniki,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Winiki. 

Winningen,  ♦in'ning-^n,  a  market-town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  the  Moselle,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz.  It  has 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  1650. 

Winnipauk,  win'ne-pawk,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Norwalk  township,  on  the  Danbury  A  Nor. 
walk  Railroad,  IJ  miles  N.  of  Norwalk  village. 

Winnipeg,  win'9-peg,  a  lake  of  British  North  America, 
is  between  lat.  50°  and  54°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  and  99°  W. 
Length,  240  miles ;  breadth,  55  miles ;  shape  very  irregu- 
lar. The  shores  are  low,  and  its  waters  are  muddy.  On 
its  S.  side  it  receives  the  Winnipeg,  Assiniboin,  and  Red 
Rivers ;  and  from  the  W.  it  is  joined  by  the  Saskatchewan, 
besides  which  it  receives  the  surplus  waters  of  Winnipegoos 
and  Manitoba  Lakes  from  the  W.  It  discharges  its  own 
surplus  water  northward  by  the  Nelson  River,  through  sev- 
eral small  lakes,  into  Hudson  Bay.  On  its  shores  are  several 


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2842 


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Btatiuns  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company.  The  river  Winni- 
peg, a  noble  but  dangerous  stream,  has  a  N.W.  coarse  of 
250  miles  through  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  Ac. 

Winnipeg,  or  Fort  Garry,  the  seat  of  government 
of  the  province  of  Manitoba  and  of  Selkirk  co.,  situated 
iX  the  junction  of  the  Assiniboin  and  Red  Rivers,  40  miles 
8.  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  65  miles  by  rail  from  Pembina,  Da- 
kota, 250  miles  from  Fort  Abercrombie,  and  1180  miles 
from  Montreal  via  Canada  Pacific  Railway,  or  1843  miles 
via  Chicago  and  St.  Paul.  The  city  contains  about  25  stores, 
several  saw-mills,  4  printing-oflSces,  a  theatre,  a  Church-of- 
England  cathedral,  Presbyterian  and  Wesleyan  churches, 
a  bank  and  a  branch  bank,  government  house,  legislative 
buildings,  many  good  dwellings,  and  a  strong  and  regular 
fortification.  It  is  the  seat  of  Manitoba  College,  St.  John's 
College,  St.  Mary's  Academy,  the  University  of  Manitoba, 
and  the  Metropolitan  of  the  North-West.  Opposite  the 
town  is  St.  Boniface.    Pop.  in  1881,  7985 ;  in  1891,  25,642. 

Win'nipegoos%  or  Win'nipigoose^  also  called 
Winnipegosis  and  Little  Winnipeg,  a  lake  of  Brit- 
ish North  America,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  is 
125  miles  in  length  (N.  to  S.).  Average  breadth,  25  miles. 
Its  waters  flow  through  the  Water  Hen  River,  Manitoba 
Lake,  and  the  Little  Saskatchewan  into  Winnipeg  Lake. 

Winnitza,  or  Winnica,  Russia.    See  Vinnitsa. 

Winnsborough,  winz'biir-riih,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Franklin  parish,  La.,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Monroe. 

Winnsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
38  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  5  churches  (besides  2 
colored  churches),  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  school  called  Mount  Zion  College.     Pop.  in  1890,  1738. 

Winnsborough,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  East  Line  &  Red  River  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Jefferson,  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mineola.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Winn'ton,  a  post-office  of  Glonzales  oo.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
E.  of  Gonzales. 

Winnvveiler,  ♦inn'^iM^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
10  miles  N.B.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1349. 

Winona,  w^-no'ng,,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Wisconsin,  and  is  drained  by  the  Minneiska 
River  and  several  small  affluents  of  Root  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests of  the  ash,  elm,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  abundant  in 
this  county,  and  crops  out  in  the  picturesque  blufis  of  the 
Mississippi,  which  are  about  300  feet  high  and  very  steep. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  division  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway,  and  is  connected  with 
Eastern  markets  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  Capital,  Winona.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,319;  in 
1880,  27,197;  in  1890,  33,797. 

Winona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Madison,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Winona,  a  flourishing  city,  the  capital  of  Winona  oo., 
Minn.,  is  situated  on  the  right  (S.W.)  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  about  160  miles  below  St.  Paul.  By  railroad 
it  is  27  miles  N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  104  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Paul,  50  miles  E.  of  Rochester,  and  297  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago.  Lat.  44°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  30'  W.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  is  the  E. 
terminus  of  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  and  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  numerous  fine  residences,  14  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  state  normal  school,  the  building  of  which 
cost  about  $140,000,  4  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. The  business  portion  of  the  city  is  compactly  and 
substantially  built  of  brick  and  stone.  It  is  the  fourth  city 
of  Minnesota  in  population.  A  fine  iron  railroad  bridge 
crosses  the  Mississippi  River  here.  Winona  has  6  flour- 
ing-mills,  3  large  saw-mills,  2  foundries,  gas-works,  6 
carriage-factories,  a  tannery,  5  steam  barrel-factories,  5 
manufactories  of  sash  and  doors  and  several  of  farming- 
implements.  Its  shipments  of  wheat  are  reputed  to  be 
the  largest  of  those  of  any  city  of  the  Northwest  except 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  the  average  exports  being  about 
6,000,000  bushels  per  annum.  Laid  out  in  1852.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7200;  in  1880,  10,208;  in  1890,  18,208. 

Winona,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of 
Grenada,  125  miles  from  Memphis,  and  about  75  miles  W. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order 


post-office,  5  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  sash-factory. 
A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  1200. 

Winona,  a  post-village  in  Butler  township,  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  nur- 
sery, and  3  churches. 

Winona,  or  Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Hamilton.    It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  2  stores.  P.  100. 

Winona  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Hocking  co.,  0. 

Winooski,  wi-noos'k§,  a  post-village  in  Lyndon  town- 
ship, Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Onion  River,  1  mile  W. 
of  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  about  25  miles  B. 
by  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  county  asylum  for  the  insane. 

Winooski  Falls  (Winooski  Post-Office),  a  post-vil. 
lage  in  Colchester  township,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Winooski  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at 
Winooski  Station,  3  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  cotton-factory, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  chair-factory, 
several  flouring-mills,  Ac.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river, 
which  here  falls  about  20  feet  and  afi'ords  extensive  water- 
power.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Near  this 
village  is  a  monument  to  Ethan  Allen,  in  Green  Mount 
Cemetery.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Winooski  (or  Onion)  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Cale- 
donia CO.  and  intersects  Washington  co.  It  runs  nearly 
northwestward  through  Chittenden  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Champlain  about  5  miles  below  Burlington.  It  is  about  100 
miles  long,  and  is  a  beautiful  river,  passing  through  the 
Green  Mountain  Range.  Montpelier,  the  capital  of  Ver- 
mont, is  on  this  river.  Deep  gorges  and  remarkable  rapids 
or  falls  occur  at  several  places  on  the  Winooski. 

Winschoten,  win'sKoH§n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Groningen,  on  the  Win- 
schoten Canal.     It  has  a  Latin  school.     Pop.  6644. 

Winsen,  i^in's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  Lube.     Pop.  4303. 

Winsen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  landdrostei 
and  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  Aller.    Pop.  1246. 

Wins'Iow,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  6i  miles 
S.E.  of  Buckingham.  Pop.  1826,  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  lace.     It  has  an  ancient  Gothic  church. 

Winslow,  winz'lo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Winslow  township, 
Stephenson  co..  111.,  on  the  Peoatonica  River,  about  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Freeport.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 929. 

Winslow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka 
Creek,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  s 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Winslow,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Valparaiso,  Ind. 

Winslow,  a  post-village  in  Winslow  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  on  tne  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sebasticook,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta,  and 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Waterville. 
A  bridge  900  feet  long,  over  the  Kennebec  River,  connects 
Winslow  with  Waterville.  Winslow  contains  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  manufactory  of  repellent  cloth,  a  peg-factory, 
4  stores,  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1437. 

WinslOAV,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo. 

Winslow,  a  post-village  in  Winslow  township,  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  also  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Atlantic  City  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Camden,  and  17  miles  N.E.  of  Vineland.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  manufactories  of  glass.  Its  station  is  called  Winslow 
.Junction.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2408. 

Winslow,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 

Winslow,  a  township  of  Jefi'erson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1320. 

Winslow's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
York  <fc  New  England  Railroad  (main  line),  15i  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Boston. 

Winslow's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me., 
in  Waldoborough  township,  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  W.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Winsor  (win'z^r)  Mills,  a  village  in  Smithfield  town- 
ship, Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjoining  Greenville,  is  on  the 
Woonasquatucket,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton  print 
cloths.     Pop.  104. 

Win'spear,  a  hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles 
E.  of  Bufialo.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Wiustead,  win'sted,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C, 
16  miles  S.  of  Whitlock  (Barksdale  Station),  Va. 

Win'sted,  a  post-borough  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Winchester  township,  at  the  outlet  of  Long  Lake,  and  oe 


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the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminns  of 
the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Waterbury,  and 
about  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  comprises  2  con- 
tiguous villages,  Winsted  and  West  AVinsted.  (See  West 
WiNSTED.)  The  borough  contains  5  churches,  4  banks,  2 
graded  public  schools,  3  newspaper  o£Sces,  and  2  hotels,  and 
is  lighted  with  gas.  It  has  manufactures  of  clocks,  silk 
goods,  scythes,  hoes,  cutlery,  hardware,  pins,  Ac.  These 
articles  are  prciduced  by  about  16  firms,  among  which  are 
the  Winsted  Silk  Co.  and  the  Empire  Knife  Co.  Mad 
River,  the  outlet  of  Long  Lake,  descends  200  feet  in  a 
course  of  2  miles,  and  affords  abundant  hydraulic  power. 
Pop.,  in  1880,  4195 ;  in  1890,  4846. 

Winsted,  a  township  of  MoLeod  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  906. 

Winsted,  a  station  in  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  36  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Winsted  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn., 
in  Winsted  township,  about  42  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Win'ster,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
4i  miles  W.  of  Matlock.     Pop.  814. 

Winston,  wip'8t9n,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Sipsey  Creek,  the  Blackwater  River,  and  Clifty  Fork. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  Birmingham,  Shef- 
field &  Tennessee  River  Railway  (leading  from  Sheffield 
to  Jasper)  crosses  the  S.W.  corner  of  this  county.  Capital, 
Double  Springs.  Pop.  in  1870,  4155;  in  1880,  4253;  in 
1890,  6552, 

Winston,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  branches  or  head-streams  of  the  Pearl  River,  some  of 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm, 
hickory,  magnolia,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Tertiary  (miocene)  strata  underlie  this  county. 
Capital,  Louisville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8984;  in  1880,  10,087; 
in  1890,  12,089. 

Winston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Estill  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles  E. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Winston,  Daviess  co..  Mo.     See  Winstonvillb. 

Winston,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Salem,  and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Rolla. 

Winston,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Winston  township,  contiguous  to  Salem,  about  27  miles  W. 
of  Greensborough,  and  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salisbury.  It 
has  an  academy,  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  a  bank, 
several  churches,  cotton-  and  woollen-mills,  shuttle-  and 
bobbin-works,  an  iron-foundry,  a  number  of  tobacco-facto- 
ries, Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2854 ;  in  1890,  8018, 

Winston,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  W,  Va, 

Winston ville,  Mississippi.     See  Fearn's  Springs. 

Winstonville,  a  village  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Winston  Station, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Cameron.  It  has  2  churches.  Cattle  and 
grain  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  304, 

Winterberg,  ^in't§r-b5RG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Prachin,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Pisek,  Pop.  3520,  employed 
in  glass-  and  paper-factories. 

Winterberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Orke.     Pop.  1105. 

Win'terberg,  a  high  range  of  mountains  in  the  E.  part 
of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa. 

Win'terbourne,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Grand  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  contains 
hotels,  several  stores,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop,  150, 

Win'terburn,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Huston  township,  on  the  Alleghany  "Valley  Railroad,  34 
milesE.  of  Brook  ville.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Win'terfield,  a  post-office  in  Winterfield  township, 
Clare  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  George  A  Muskegon  River 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  28, 

Winter  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Qoldsborough  town- 
ship, Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  60  miles  S.E, 
of  Bangor,     Lobsters  and  fish  are  caught  here.     Pop,  400. 

Winter  Harbor,  British  North  America,  is  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Melville  Island,  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat,  74°  47' 
2"  N,;  Ion.  110°  48'  2"  W.  Here  Sir  Edward  Parry  win- 
tered in  1819-20, 

Winterhoek,  win't^r-hCSk,  a  range  of  mountains  in 
the  S.W,  part  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa. 

Winterpock,  Chesterfield  oo.,  Va.    See  Clover  Hill. 

Win'terport,  a  post-village  in  Winterport  township, 


Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
opposite  Bucksport,  and  12  miles  below  Bangor.  It  contains 
4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  4  lumber-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  large  manufactory  of  clothing.  The  river  is  here  i 
mile  wide  and  flows  through  beautiful  scenery.  Steam 
boats  run  daily  from  Winterport  to  Bangor,  Ac.  Pop,  of 
the  township,  2744, 

Winterroud,  win'ter-r5d,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co,, 
Ind.,  13  miles  S,  of  Shelbyville, 

Win'terrowd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co,,  111,,  in 
Lucas  township,  15  miles  S,W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Win'ters,  a  post-village  and  station  in  Yolo  co,,  Cal,, 
on  the  Vaca  Valley  A  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  12^  miles  N. 
of  Vacaville, 

Winters,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Warren. 

Win'terset,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa, 
is  near  the  Middle  River,  30  miles  in  a  direct  line  and  42 
miles  by  railroad  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  is  on  the  India- 
nola  A  Winterset  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  3000, 

Win'terstown  (formerly  Apple  Grove),  a  post- 
borough  of  York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  York. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Wintersvilie,  Indiana.    See  Smith's  Crossing. 

Win'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo,,  on 
Medicine  Creek,  about  40  miles  N,  by  E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Wintersvilie,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cross  Creek  township, 
Jefi"erson  co.,  0.,  5  miles  W.  of  Steubenville,  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  113, 

Wintersvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo,.  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.    It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel, 

Winterswyk,  win't^rs-wik^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  35  miles  E,  of  Arnhem,  on  the  Prus- 
sian frontier.  Pop.,  with  vicinity,  7383,  partly  linen- 
weavers. 

Winterthur,  ■frin't^r-tooR^  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop,  9404,  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  yarn  and  cotton  fabrics,  a  college, 
a  public  library  and  museums,  tanneries,  breweries,  and 
soap-works,  Ober  Winterthur,  o'b^r  ♦in't^r-tooR^  is  a 
village  1  mile  N.E.  of  the  above  town,  with  2287  inhab- 
itants, and  some  Roman  antiquities. 

Win'terton,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on 
the  coast,  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caistor.  The  church-steeple 
serves  as  a  landmark.  On  Winterton-Ness  is  a  light-house, 
52  feet  in  height,  lat.  52°  43' N.,  Ion.  1°  41'  E. 

Win'terton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Sullivan  co,, 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Win'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Athens  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Athens.  It  has 
a  church,  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop. 
about  120. 

Win'throp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  in 
Saybrook  township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  New  Haven,  It 
has  a  church, 

Winthrop,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Fremont  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  A 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  61  miles  W,  of  Dubuque,  and  8  miles 
E.  of  Independence.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  1  or  2  carriage-shops. 

Winthrop,  a  post-village  in  Winthrop  township,  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me,,  on  Cobbosseecontee  Waters  and  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Augusta,  and  19  miles  N.E, 
of  Lewiston.  Winthrop  contains  a  national  bank  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  in  1890,  2111. 

Winthrop,  a  post-village  in  Winthrop  township,  Suf- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  Boston  Harbor,  and  on  the  Boston,  Win« 
throp  A  Point  Shirley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E,  of  Boston. 
The  township  is  a  peninsula  in  Massachusetts  Bay.  Pop. 
2726.  Winthrop  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston  post- 
office. 

Winthrop,  a  village  of  Buchanan  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  opposite  Atchison,  and  on  the  Ksutisas  City,  St. 
Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  and  the  Hannibal  A  St. 
Joseph  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  It  has  2 
churches.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific  Railroad.     Post-office,  East  Atchison, 

Winthrop  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revert 
Beach  A  Lynn  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Boston, 
Winthrop  A  Point  Shirley  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Winton,  a  contracted  name  of  Winchester,  England. 


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VViu'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ifewton  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  E. 
of  Covington. 

Wintou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C., 
in  Winton  township,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Chowan 
River,  about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Edenton.  Sloops  can  ascend  the  river  to  this 
place.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2240. 

Winton,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Blakelj  township,  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Com- 
pany's Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  2  collieries.     Mining  coal  is  the  only  business.    P.  905. 

Winton  Junction,  Pennsylvania.     See  Natauo. 

Winton  Place,  Hamilton  co.,  0.   See  Spring  Grove. 

Wintzenheim,  *int's§n-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  viNt^sSn^- 
4m'),  a  market-town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  3  miles  W.  of 
Colmar.  Pop.  2909,  employed  in  manufactures  of  printed 
cotton  goods  and  coarse  woollen  cloths. 

Win'yaw  Bay,  of  South  Carolina,  is  an  estuary  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Pedee,  Black,  and  Waccamaw 
Rivers  (which  unite  a  little  above  Georgetown),  and  com- 
municating with  the  Atlantic  about  lat.  33°  10'  N.  Length, 
.  14  miles ;  mean  breadth,  2  miles.  Large  vessels  can  ascend 
to  Georgetown. 

Winzeln,  ^int'sfiln,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of 
Schwarzwald,  bailiwick  of  Oberndorf.     Pop.  985. 

Winzig,  ^int'siG,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2255. 

Wiota,  wi-o'tah,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
grain-elevators. 

Wiota,  a  post-village  in  Wiota  township,  Lafayette  co., 
Wis.,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  several 
churches  and  a  brewery.  The  township  has  5  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1627. 

iVippach,  ♦Ip'piK,  or  Wipbach,  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Carniola,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Laybach.     Pop.  1700. 

Wipper,  ^ip'p^r,  or  Wupper,  ♦iip'p^r,  a  river  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  50  miles,  joins  the 
Unstrut  7  miles  S.W.  of  Artern. 

Wipper,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony  and  Anhalt,  after 
a  N.E.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Saale  near  Bernburg. 

Wipper,  a  river  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  after  a  course 
of  50  miles,  joins  the  Rhine  on  the  E.  bank,  8  miles  N.  of 
Cologne. 

WipperfUrth,  ♦ip'p^r-fURt^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
■la,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  4939. 

Wippra,  ^ip'pri,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Wipper,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  1122. 

Wirballen,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Wibrzbolow. 

Wirks'worth,  a  market-town  of  England,  oo.  and  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Derby,  on  the  High  Peak  Railway  and 
Cromford  Canal.  Pop.  3338.  The  town  consists  princi- 
pally of  two  streets  sU;  right  angles.  It  has  a  church,  3 
dissenting  chapels,  a  new  town  hall,  and  a  grammar-school. 
The  lead-mines  in  the  vicinity  furnish  employment  to  many 
of  the  inhabitants.  Manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  hats, 
and  hosiery,  and  wool-combing,  are  oarried  on. 

Wirt,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Hughes  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Kanawha 
River,  which  runs  through  the  county  in  a  N.W.  direction. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  tulip-tree,  chestnut,  poplar, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Petroleum  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Elizabeth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4804;  in  1880,  7104;  in  1890,  9411. 

Wirt,  a  post-office  of  JeflFerson  oo.,  Ind.,  between  Madi- 
son and  Columbus,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Madison. 

Wirt,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1204. 
It  contains  Richburg. 

Wirt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rook  oo.,  Wis.,  on  Rook  River, 
S  miles  S.E.  of  Afton. 

Wirt  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

Wirt  Court-House,  West  Virginia.  See  Elizabeth. 

Wirtemberg,  Germany.     See  WtJKTEMBERG. 

Wisa,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  VizA. 

Wisbaden,  Germany.    See  Wiesbaden. 

Wisbeach,  wis'beech,  written  also  Wisbech,  a  mu- 
nicipal borough,  river-port,  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Cambridge,  on  the  border  of  Norfolk,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  on 
the  Nene,  11  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Wash,  with  stations 
on  the  Great  Eastern  and  Midland  Railways,  9  miles  N.N.E. 
of  March.  Pop.  9362.  The  principal  edifices  are  St.  Peter's 
ehuroli,  a  chapel  of  ease,  dissenting  ehapelB,  town  hall. 


custom-house,  corn  exchange,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and 
baths.  It  has  ropewalks,  iron-works,  malt-houses,  a  brew- 
ery, and  yards  for  building  and  repairing  ships.  The  chief 
exports  are  corn,  timber,  wool,  and  seeds.  The  imports 
are  wine,  deals,  and  coals. 

Wisby,  wiz'bee  or  ♦is'bii,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Gottland,  on  its  W.  coast,  115  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  the  see  of 
a  bishop,  and  has  a  new  cathedral,  a  gymnasium,  tanneries, 
tobacco-factories,  and  a  thriving  trade.     Pop.  6043. 

Wiscas'set,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  capital 
of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  in  Wiscasset  township,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Sheepscott  River,  about  20  miles  from  the  ocean, 
and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland.  It  is  also  on  the  Knox 
&  Lincoln  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  a 
good  harbor,  which  is  accessible  at  all  seasons.  About  180 
vessels,  including  several  ships,  are  'owned  here,  and  large 
vessels  are  sometimes  built  in  its  ship-yards.  The  village 
contains  a  court-house,  a  custom-house,  3  churches,  2  banks, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  shoe-factory,  and  2 
large  steam  saw-mills.  Wiscasset  is  noted  for  its  beautiful 
scenery,  and  is  frequented  as  a  watering-place.  The  river 
is  here  crossed  by  a  long  railroad  bridge,  and  by  another 
bridge  which  is  nearly  1  mile  in  length.  The  shipping  of 
this  district  amounts  to  about  5000  tons  registered  and 
7000  tons  enrolled  and  licensed.  Of  the  enrolled  and  li- 
censed tonnage,  about  one-half  is  employed  in  the  coasting- 
trade  and  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  1733. 

Wischan,  ♦ish'fiw,  or  Wiskow,  ^^is'kov,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Briinn,  on  the 
Hanna.     Pop.  4802. 

Wischera,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vishera. 

Wischnei  Wolotschok.    See  Vishnee  Volotchok. 

Wigchnitz,  a  town  of  Galicia.    See  Wisnicz. 

Wischnitza,  ^ish-nit'6&,  or  Wisnitz,  ^is'nits,  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina,  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Czerno- 
witz,  on  the  Czeremosz,  opposite  Kuty.     Pop.  3921. 

Wiscon'sin,  or  Wiskon'sin,  originally  Ouiscon- 
gin  (Neekooapara  of  the  Indians),  the  largest  river  that 
intersects  the  state  of  Wisconsin.  It  rises  on  or  near  the 
northern  border  of  the  state,  and  is  the  outlet  of  numerous 
lakes  situated  in  the  cos.  of  Lincoln  and  Oconto.  It  runs 
southward  through  Marathon  and  Portage  cos.,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Adams  and  Juneau  cos.,  turns  to  the 
right  at  Portage  City,  below  which  it  flows  southwestward 
to  Dane  oo.,  and  thence  runs  nearly  westward,  forming  the 
boundary  between  Sauk,  Richland,  and  Crawford  cos.  on 
the  right  and  Iowa  and  Grant  cos.  on  the  left,  until  it 
enters  the  Mississippi  River,  about  4  miles  below  Prairie 
du  Chien.  It  is  nearly  600  miles  long,  and  is  said  to  be 
600  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  Steamboats  ascend  it  to 
Portage  City,  from  which  they  can  pass  through  a  short 
canal  into  Fox  River.  Remarkable  rapids  and  falls  occur 
at  several  places  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  which  passes 
through  deep  gorges  between  rocky  blufifs,  some  of  which 
are  400  feet  high  or  more.  A  few  miles  S.  of  Wausau  is 
a  series  of  cascades  or  rapids,  called  Grandfather  Bull  Falls. 

Wisconsin,  a  northern  state  of  the  American  Union, 
in  the  Upper  Lake  region,  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Superior 
and  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan,  E.  by  Michigan  and 
Lake  Michigan,  S.  by  Illinois,  and  W.  by  Iowa  and  Min- 
nesota. The  rivers  Montreal  and  Menominee  separate  it 
in  part  from  the  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  and  its 
western  boundary  is  for  the  most  part  washed  by  the  St. 
Croix  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  There  are  in  Lakes  Superior 
and  Michigan  some  important  islands  belonging  to  Wiscon- 
sin.    Area,  56,040  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — This  state  is  an  elevated,  rolling 
country  of  woodland  and  prairie,  seldom  exceeding  1200 
feet  in  altitude,  and  without  any  mountainous  elevations  or 
lofty  ridges.  There  are  many  remarkable  natural  mounds 
or  conical  hills,  and  certain  peculiar  "  pot-holes"  or  ketf le- 
shaped  depressions  in  some  parts  of  the  state.  The  forests, 
which  in  all  countries  give  peculiarities  of  character  to  the 
landscape,  are  here  extensive.  In  the  extreme  north  the 
Bugar-maple  is  the  prevalent  timber-tree ;  next,  over  a 
wide  area,  the  white  pine  prevails;  while  towards  the  south 
there  are  numerous  groves  of  oak  (chiefly  the  burr-oak), 
but  here  the  country  is  largely  prairie.  The  state  is  crossed 
by  several  ridges  or  watersheds,  which  separate  the  various 
river-basins  from  one  another.  In  the  southwest  a  portion 
of  the  country  is  bluffy  and  broken. 

Rivera  and  Lakes. — Besides  the  great  Lakes  Superior 
and  Michigan,  the  state  has  an  immense  number  of  small 
lakes,  which  are  especially  numerous  northward,  though 
the  average  size  of  the  southern  lakes  is  the  greater.  Mo^ 
of  these  lakes  are  clear,  with  gravelly  or  stony  bottoms 


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and  contain  excellent  fish.  A  few  are  shallow,  and  grow 
the  wild  rice.  Some  of  the  lakes  were  at  first  caused  by 
beaver-dams.  Many,  in  the  more  broken  and  hilly  regions, 
lie  in  rocky  basins  without  outlet.  The  largest  lake  in  the 
state  is  Lake  Winnebago.  The  Four  Lakes  of  Madison  are 
famed  for  their  beauty.  Devil's  Lake,  a  small  sheet  of 
water  near  Baraboo,  lies  in  a  wild  and  picturesque  rock- 
basin.  Lake  Horicon,  or  the  Winnebago  Marsh,  afi"ords 
an  example  of  a  large  lake  which  has  become  nearly  filled 
up  with  silt.  The  principal  rivers  flowing  into  the  Missis- 
sippi are  the  St.  Croix,  Chippewa,  Black,  Bad  Axe,  and 
Wisconsin.  These  afford,  or  may  be  made  to  afford,  con- 
siderable steam-navigation,  but  all  are  encumbered  by 
rapids  and  shifting  sands.  The  Pecatonica,  Rock,  Dea 
Plaines,  and  Fox  Rivers  flow  into  Illinois.  The  rivers 
Menominee,  Peshtigo,  Oconto,  and  Fox  flow  into  Green 
Bay,  Lake  Michigan.  The  Fox  River  is  connected  at  Por- 
tage City  with  the  Wisconsin  by  a  short  canal ;  and  the 
two  rivers  are  being  fitted  for  navigation  by  the  United 
States  government.  Many  of  the  rivers  have  deep  rocky 
canons  (here  called  dalles  or  dells),  through  which  the  water 
rushes  in  a  rapid  course,  and  afford  much  water-power, 
which  is  extensively  utilized. 

Geology. — St.  Croix  Falls,  Chippewa  Falls,  Black  River 
Falls,  and  the  firand  Rapids  of  the  Wisconsin  mark  the 
southern  limit  of  the  azoic  region  of  this  state,  a  large 
tract,  covering  perhaps  a  third  part  of  the  whole  area. 
The  rocks  of  this  section  are  of  the  Laurentian  and  Hu- 
ronian  groups.  Southward,  southwestward,  and  southeast- 
ward of  this  tract,  and  again  on  the  Lake  Superior  slope, 
appears  the  Silurian,  which  prevails  over  all  the  rest  of 
the  state,  several  beds  of  the  Upper  and  Lower  Silurian 
having  been  identified  as  belonging  to  the  well-known  New 
York  series  of  palaeozoic  groups.  In  the  S.W.  the  Galena 
limestone  prevails,  Vith  its  rich  ores  of  lead  and  zinc.  In 
the  N.  there  are  rich  archaio  hematites  and  magnetites 
(iron  ores),  and  handsome  Laurentian  limestones  or  mar- 
bles are  also  reported  to  occur, — blue,  red,  dove-colored,  and 
variegated, — readily  accessible  by  water  and  rail.  Copper 
ores  have  been  worked  at  several  points.  Bituminous 
limestones  and  valuable  cement  rocks  abound  in  the  S.E. 
The  celebrated  Iron  Ridge,  and  other  rocks  of  the  Clinton 
group,  afford  much  useful  ore. 

OhjectB  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Prominent  objects  of  in- 
terest are  the  ancient  fortifications,  mounds,  and  earth- 
works, often  shaped  in  outline  like  some  animal ;  the 
numerous  falls,  rapids,  and  dalles  of  the  rivers;  the  wave- 
worn  sandstone  cliffs  of  the  Apostle  Islands  in  Lake  Su- 
perior, and  the  picturesque  shores  of  the  lakes.  For  the 
sportsman  Northern  Wisconsin  offers  rare  attractions. 

Climate. — The  winters  are  long  and  severe,  especially  in 
the  north ;  but  the  dryness  and  uniformity  of  the  weather 
render  the  winter  climate  far  more  endurable  and  less  in- 
jurious to  health  than  that  of  the  northeastern  states.  The 
St.  Croix  Valley,  which  has  extensive  pine  forests,  is  especi- 
ally recommended  .as  a  resort  for  consumptives.  The  rain- 
fall of  the  north  is  much  greater  than  that  of  the  south. 
Malarial  diseases  are  comparatively  unfrequent. 

Agricultural  Resources. — Excluding'  a  large  proportion 
of  the  northern  azoic  and  forest  region  (which  is  sparsely 
settled  and  has  a  frosty  climate  and  a  sterile  soil,  with 
much  boulder  drift  and  many  small  marshes),  the  state 
ranks  high  in  point  of  agriculture.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  hops,  live-stock,  wool,  butter, 
cheese,  hay,  and  maple  sugar  are  leading  products.  In 
extent  of  hop-culture  Wisconsin  is  excelled  by  New  York 
alone  among  the  states.  Horses  are  here  extensively  bred. 
Many  of  the  soils,  though  light  and  sandy,  have  self-fer- 
tilizing elements  in  abundance,  and  are  not  easily  ex- 
hausted. In  the  more  broken  regions  there  are  tracts  once 
regarded  as  inarable,  which  in  the  hands  of  Scandinavian 
and  German  farmers  have  proved  very  productive.  The 
northern  half  of  the  state  is  too  cold  for  the  common  apple, 
although  it  has  an  abundant  native  crab ;  but  in  the  state 
at  large  fruit-growing  is  an  important  industry.  Cran- 
berry-culture is  profitable  even  far  northward;  and  the  busi- 
ness of  gathering  and  drying  raspberries  and  other  native 
small  fruits  promises  well  in  the  northwest. 

Manufactures. — A  large  number  of  busy  manufacturing 
towns  have  sprung  up  in  this  state,  favored  by  the  abun- 
dant water-power  and  the  cheapness  of  raw  materials.  The 
manufactures  of  lumber,  laths,  shingles,  staves,  headings, 
furniture,  agricultural  implements,  sasb,  blinds,  doors, 
wagons,  carriages,  and  wooden-wares  of  every  kind  are 
leading  interests,  the  scantily-timbered  states  southwestward 
affording  a  good  and  convenient  market  for  all  such  goods. 
Leather,  shoes,  saddlery,  harnesses,  woollen  goods,  metallic 


wares,  gloves,  lime,  cement,  bricks,  Ac,  are  also  important 
articles  of  manufacture.  The  beer  and  excellent  pale  brioka 
of  Milwaukee  are  known  throughout  the  country. 

Lake  and  River  Trade. — Wisconsin  has  some  excellent 
lake  harbors,  as  at  Superior,  Bayfield,  La  Pointe,  and 
Chequamegon  Bay,  Lake  Superior,  and  at  various  points 
in  Green  Bay,  an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan ;  but  some  of  the 
principal  ports  on  the  latter  lake  have  but  poor  harbor- 
facilities,  except  those  which  have  been  artificially  con- 
structed. Such  are  the  ports  of  Kenosha,  Racine,  Milwau- 
kee, Ozaukee,  and  Manitowoc.  Prescott,  La  Crosse,  and 
Prairie  du  Chien  are  the  principal  towns  on  the  Mississippi. 

Railroads. — In  1850  there  were  20  miles  of  railroad  in 
the  state;  in  1855,  187  miles;  in  1860,  905  miles;  in  1865, 
1010  miles;  in  1870,  1525  miles;  in  1880,  3139  miles;  in 
1890,  6615  miles. 

Counties. — The  state  is  divided  into  68  counties,  as  follows : 
Adams,  Ashland,  Barron,  Bayfield,  Brown,  Buffalo,  Burnett, 
Calumet,  Chippewa,  Clark,  Columbia,  Crawford,  Dane, 
Dodge,  Door,  Douglas,  Dunn,  Eau  Claire,  Florence,  Fond 
du  Lac,  Forest,  Grant,  Green,  Green  Lake,  Iowa,  Jackson, 
Jefferson,  Juneau,  Kenosha,  Kewaunee,  La  Crosse,  Lafay- 
ette, Langlade,  Lincoln,  Manitowoc,  Marathon,  Marinette, 
Marquette,  Milwaukee,  Monroe,  Oconto,  Oneida,  Outaga- 
mie, Ozaukee,  Pepin,  Pierce,  Polk,  Portage,  Price,  Racine, 
Richland,  Rock,  Sauk,  Sawyer,  Shawano,  Sheboygan,  St. 
Croix,  Taylor,  Trempealeau,  Vernon,  Walworth,  Washburn, 
Washington,  Waukesha,  Waupacca,  Waushara,  Winnebago, 
and  Wood. 

I'he  Principal  Cities  are  Milwaukee,  the  largest  town  in 
the  state  (pop.  in  1890,  204,468) ;  Madison,  the  capital 
(13,426);  La  Crosse  (25,090),  Oshkosh  (22,836),  Racine 
(21,014),  Eau  Claire  (17,415),  Sheboygan  (16,359),  Fond 
du  Lac  (12,024),  Superior  (11,983),  Appleton  (11,869), 
Marinette  (11,523),  Janesville  (10,836),  Ashland  (9956), 
Wausau  (9253),  Green  Bay  (9069),  Watertown  (8776), 
Chippewa  (8670),  Stevens  Point  (7896),  Manitowoc  (7710), 
Merrill  (6809),  Kenosha  (6532),  Waukesha  (6321),  Beloit 
(6315),  Menomonee  (5491),  Oconto  (5219),  Portage  (6143), 
Neenah  (5083),  besides  other  important  places,  such  as  Fort 
Howard,  Kaukauna,  Baraboo,  Menasha,  Ac. 

Government,  &c. — The  governor  and  principal  executive 
oflBcers  are  chosen  for  the  term  of  2  years.  Judicial  oflBcers 
are  chosen  by  the  people,  and  serve  for  fixed  terms.  The 
state  sends  10  members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  The 
legislature  consists  of  a  senate  of  33  members  and  of  a 
house  of  100  representatives,  elected  for  one  year.  There 
is  a  state  asylum  for  the  blind  at  Janesville,  one  for  the 
insane  at  Madison,  one  for  deaf-mutes  at  Delavan,  a  state 
prison  at  Waupun,  and  a  state  industrial  or  reform  school 
at  Waukesha. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  sustained  by  state, 
county,  and  local  taxation.  In  the  larger  towns  there  are 
high  and  graded  schools.  State  normal  schools  are  main- 
tained at  Whitewater,  Platteville,  River  Falls,  Oshkosh,  and 
Milwaukee.  Public  schools  are  under  the  charge  of  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents.  The  principal  colleges 
are  Lawrence  University,  Appleton  (Methodist  Episco- 
pal); Beloit  College  (Congregational);  Galesville  University 
(Presbyterian);  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  a 
state  institution  of  high  character;  a  Seventh-Day  Baptist 
college  at  Milton;  St.  John's  College,  Prairie  du  Chien 
(Roman  Catholic) ;  Racine  College  (Episcopal);  Ripon  Col- 
lege, Ripon  (Congregational) ;  Pio  Nono  College,  at  St. 
Francis  (Roman  Catholic);  College  of  Our  Lady  of  the 
Sacred  Heart,  at  Watertown ;  the  Northwestern  University, 
at  Watertown  (Lutheran) ;  female  colleges  at  Fox  Lake, 
Milwaukee,  <fcc.  The  number  of  academies,  seminaries,  and 
parish  and  conventual  schools  is  large. 

Indians. — The  Indian  population  is  mostly  of  the  Chip- 
pewa or  Ojibway  stock.  There  are  two  northern  reser- 
vations, and  the  people  are  reported  to  be  improving  in 
intelligence,  morality,  and  industry. 

History. — The  ancient  hunting-ground  of  the  Sac  (Sauk), 
Fox,  Iowa,  Winnebago,  Ottawa,  Ojibway,  and  Menominee 
Indians,  Wisconsin  was  slow  in  being  settled  by  whites, 
although  the  French  early  settled  at  Green  Bay,  and  later 
at  Prairie  du  Chien.  In  1836  the  territory  of  Wisconsin 
was  formed  out  of  a  part  of  Michigan.  It  at  first  embraoed 
what  are  now  Iowa  and  Minnesota,  but  gave  up  Iowa  and 
most  of  Minnesota  in  1838,  and  in  1848  became  a  state 
with  its  present  limits.  After  the  Black  Hawk  war  the  ter- 
ritory filled  up  rapidly  with  an  excellent  class  of  settlers. 
Since  the  civil  war  of  1861-65,  in  which  the  state  bore  a 
conspicuous  share,  there  has  been  a  great  development  par- 
tioularly  of  the  railroad  and  lumber  interests,  and  this  hai 
r«aoted  favorably  upon  agriculture. 


WIS 


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The  Population  in  1840  was  30,945;  in  1850,  305,391 ;  in 
1860,  775,881 ;  in  1870,  1,054,670  (excluding  10,315  tribal 
Indians) ;  in  1875  (state  census),  1,236,729  ;  in  1880,  1,315,- 
497 ;  in  1885, 1,563,423 ;  in  1890, 1,686,880.  Many  Scandi- 
navian and  German  emigrants  have  settled  here  of  late. 

Wisconsin  Valley  Junction,  Wisconsin.  See  Val- 
ley Jdnction. 

Wis'coy,  a  post-office  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  inWiscoy 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Winona.     Pop.  of  township,  602. 

Wiscoy,  a  post-village  in  Hume  township,  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Wiscoy  Creek,  near  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal, 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  193. 

Wis'dom's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga. 

Wise,  wiz,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
West  Fork  of  trinity  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the 
Denton  Fork  of  the  same.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  woodlands.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces pasture  for  many  cattle.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Decatur. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1450;  in  1880,  16,601 ;  in  1890,  24,134, 

Wise,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  385  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Clinch  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Rus- 
sell's Fork  (or  the  West  Fork)  of  Sandy  River.  The  Cum- 
berland Mountain,  or  a  ridge  continuous  with  that  moun- 
tain-range, extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county. 
Forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar-maple,  &c., 
cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  lay  a  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville <fc  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Wise  Court-House. 
Pop, in  1870,  4785;  in  1880,  7772;  in  1890,  9345. 

Wise'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  IJ  miles 
from  Parkton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wise  Court-House,  or  Gladesville,  gladz'vll,  a 
post-hamlet,  capital  of  Wise  co.,  Va.,  about  36  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Wiseville,  wiz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va, 

Wish'art's,  a  township  of  Robeson  co,,  N,C,     P,  624. 

Wish'aw,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Carluke,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Cale- 
donian with  the  Wishaw  <fe  Coltness  Railway,  in  one  of  the 
most  extensive  coal-fields  of  Scotland.     Pop.  8812. 

Wisingsoe,  ♦ee'sing-so^^h,  an  island  in  the  S.  part  of 
Lake  AVetter,  Sweden,  opposite  Grenna.  Length,  10  miles  ; 
breadth,  1  mile.  On  it  are  the  village  and  harbor  of  Wi- 
singen. 

Wiskow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Wischau. 

Wisia,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Vistula. 

Wisia,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia.     See  Weichsel. 

Wislica,  ♦is-leet'si,  a  walled  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
province  and  34  miles  S,  of  Kielce,  on  the  Nida,     P.  2520. 

Wislok,  ^is'lok,  a  river  of  Austrian  Galicia,  rises  in 
the  Carpathian  Mountains,  flows  N.  to  Rzeszow,  and  thence 
E.,  and  joins  the  San  near  Sieniawa.     Length,  112  miles. 

Wisloka,  ^is-lo'ki,  a  river  of  Austrian  Galicia,  joins 
the  Vistula  10  miles  S.W.  of  Baranow.    Length,  100  miles. 

Wismar,  ♦is'mar,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  North 
Germany,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  capital  of  a  lordship,  at 
the  head  of  a  deep  bay  of  the  Baltic,  and  the  terminus  of 
a  branch  railway  to  Hamburg  and  Rostock,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Schwerin,  Pop.  14,462.  It  has  several  churches,  hos- 
pitals, and  schools,  an  orphan  asylum,  manufactures  of  to- 
bacco, playing-cards,  and  sail-cloth,  and  important  brew- 
eries and  distilleries.  Its  harbor  is  commodious,  and  nearly 
landlocked  by  the  island  of  Poel.  It  has  large  ship-build- 
ing docks.  Wismar  was  founded  in  1229,  and  for  some 
time  belonged  to  the  Hanseatic  League. 

Wis'mer,  a  post-village  in  Plumstead  township,  Bucks 
CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  W.  of  Point  Pleasant,  and  8  miles  N.  of 
Doylestown.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Wis'ner,  a  post-village  in  Wisner  township,  Tuscola  co., 
Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  12  miles  E.  of  Bay  City.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  400. 

Wisner,  a  post-village  of  Cuming  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River  and  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  51 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont,  and  15i  miles  N.W.  of  West 
Point. 

Wisnicz,  -^is'nitch,  or  Wischnitz,  ♦ish'nits,  a  town 
•f  Austrian  Galicia,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  4242. 

Wisnitz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Wischnitza. 

Wisowitz,  ^ee'zo-^its\  a  town  of  Moravia,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Hradisch.  Pop.  2804,  who  manufacture  coarse 
woollen  cloths  and  paper. 

Wisowka,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Hocbstadt. 


Wissahick'on  (or  Wissahic'con)  Creek,  Penn- 
sylvania, rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  runs  southward  through 
the  21st  ward  of  Philadelphia,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill 
River  near  the  upper  end  of  Fairmount  Park,  and  about  1 
mile  below  Manayunk.  It  flows  in  a  narrow,  rocky  glen, 
and  is  celebrated  for  its  wild  and  romantic  scenery. 

Wissant,  vee^s6N>»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de 
Calais,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Calais,  and  conjectured  to  be  th« 
Partus  Ilius  of  the  Romans.     Pop.  1059. 

Wissehrad,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Prague. 

Wissek,  ♦is'sfik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Posen.. 
government  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  1151. 

Wissekerke,  ♦is's^h-kSK'k^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  North  Beveland,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Goes.     Pop.  of  commune,  3445, 

Wissembourg,  vees^sim^booR'  (Ger.  Weittenburg, 
*is's§n-b66RG* ;  L.  Al'ha  Leluna'na  or  Leln'sium),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Lauter,  and  on  the  Bavarian  frontier,  34  miles  N,N.E.  of 
Strasburg.  Pop.  6152,  It  has  a  collegiate  church  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  a  Protestant  church  containing  a  bust 
of  Luther,  a  synagogue,  town  hall,  barracks,  a  large  old 
towor,  now  forming  a  prison,  manufactures  of  tiles,  bricks, 
soap,  felt  hats,  paper-hangings,  and  vinegar,  and  a  trade  in 
wax,  cattle,  cloths,  iron,  and  agricultural  produce.  It  was 
the  scene  of  a  bloody  battle  between  the  French  and  Ger- 
mans, August  4,  1870, 

Wis^sino'ming,  a  station  in  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Kensington. 

Wis'tar,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Clinton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Philadelphia  <t  Erie  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Renovo. 

Wisternitz,  i^is't^r-nits^  a  town  of  Moravia,  4  miles 
E.  of  Olmutz,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1250. 

Wistitten,  or  Wysztytten,  ^is-tit't^n,  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  on  the  Prussian  frontiers,  28  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Suvalki. 

Wis'ton,  a  borough  and  parish  of  Wales,  co,  of  Pem- 
broke, 5  miles  E,N.E.  of  Haverford-West.  Pop.  of  borough 
and  parish,  691.  Chief  edifices,  the  church  and  a  ruined 
castle. 

Witch'erville,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark. 

Witepsk,  Russia.     See  Vitebsk. 

With'am,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  rises  in 
Rutlandshire,  flows  N.  past  Grantham  to  Lincoln,  and  then 
S.W.  past  Tattershall  and  Boston  to  the  Wash,  which  it 
enters  N.  of  the  mouth  of  Welland  River.  Total  length,  80 
miles,  for  the  last  40  of  which,  to  Lincoln,  it  is  navigable 
for  small  steam- and  sailing-vessels,  and  for  33  miles,  to  Tat- 
tershall, for  vessels  of  much  larger  burden.  Its  principal 
affluents,  the  Bain  and  Sloa,  have  been  made  navigable  to 
Horncastle  and  New  Sleaford. 

Witham,  a  market- town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Essex,  on  the  Maiden  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Counties  Rail- 
way, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Chelmsford.  Pop.  3347.  The  town, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Braine  with  the  Blackwater,  has 
an  endowed  school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities.  It  is 
the  supposed  site  of  the  Roman  station  Canonium. 

With'amsville,  a  post-village  in  Union  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  4 
miles  from  the  Ohio  River.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  254. 

Withe,  with  (or  Wythe)  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroa** 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

With'er's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Mo. 

With'erspoon,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hot  Spring 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Arkadelphia,  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  salt, 

With'erup's,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Rockland  township,  near  the  Alleghany  River,  a  few  miles 
S,  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

With'ington,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brainerd. 

WithMacoo'chee  (or  WethMacoo'chee)  River, 
Florida,  rises  near  the  middle  of  the  peninsula,  runs  north- 
ward and  westward,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the 
boundary  between  Hernando  and  Levy  cos. 

Withlacoochee  River  rises  in  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  runs 
southward  into  Florida,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River  near 
Ellaville  Station  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile 
Railroad. 

Witkowitz,  ^it-ko'i^its,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Bidschow,  about  35  miles  from  Gitschin.     Pop.  2200. 

Witkowo,  ♦it-ko'vo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  IC 
miles  S.E.  of  Gnesen.  Pop.  1718.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  leather. 


WIT 


2847 


WUB 


Wit'less  Baf ,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Ferryland,  Newfoundland,  22  miles  S.  of  St.  John's,  P.  928. 

Witmarsum,  wit'mar-s66m*,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  district  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Leeu- 
warden.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  Simon  Menno,  founder 
«f  the  sect  of  Mennonites. 

Wit'mer,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 
Lampeter  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5^  miles 
E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Wit'ney^  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Oxford,  on  the  Windrush,  an  affluent  of  the 
Thames.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  blanlcet-hall,  a  corn  ex- 
change, a  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  manufactures  of 
gloves,  malt,  and  blankets. 

Wito'ka,  or  Centreville,  sen't^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.  of  Winona.  It  has  1  or 
2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Witsche,  ^it'sh§h,  written  also  Wicze,  a  village  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  circle  of  Prerau.     Pop.  1530. 

Witschegda,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vitchegda. 

Witschein,  ^it'shine,  or  SAVitschina,  s-^it-shee'nS,, 
a  village  of  Austria,  Styria,  circle  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1632. 

Witt,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Montgomery  co..  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
Hillsborough.     \t  has  2  churches. 

Witteberg,  <frit't§h-b5RG\  a  snow-clad  range  of  Africa, 
in  the  E.  part  of  the  Orange  Free  State. 

Witten,  <^it't§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  32 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr,  and  on  the  Elber- 
feld  A  Dortmund  Railway.  It  has  coal-mines,  glass-works, 
paper-mills,  oil-mills,  and  manufactures  of  steel  and  hard- 
ware.    Pop.  18,106. 

Wittenbach,  ^it't§n-biK\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1432. 

Wittenberg,  wit't^n-bfiRG^  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian 
Saxon}',  capital  of  a  circle,  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Merseburg, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Berlin  to  Leipsic.  Lat.  51°  53'  N.;  Ion.  12°  46'  E.  Pop. 
12,427,  besides  the  garrison.  Its  university  was  united  to 
that  of  Halle  in  1817 ;  it  has  a  gymnasium,  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, and  manufactures  of  woollens.  Here  the  Refor- 
mation commenced  in  1517,  and  the  garrison  church  con- 
tains the  graves  of  Luther  and  Melanchthon,  and  their 
portraits  by  Lewis  Cranach.  Luther's  cell  in  the  Augustine 
convent,  and  Melanchthon's  house,  are  still  preserved. 

Wit'tenberg,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.,  about 
56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Wittenberg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Wittenberg,  a  post-office  of  Hutchinson  co.,  S.D.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Yankton. 

Wittenberg  College,  Ohio.     See  Springfield. 

Wittenberge,  *it't§n-bSRG'§h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Stepnitz  and  Elbe,  and  on  the  Hamburg  & 
Berlin  Railway,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Perleberg.     Pop.  7640. 

Wittenburg,  ■*it't§n-b66RG',  a  town  of  North  Ger- 
many, grand  duchy  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  rail- 
way to  Berlin,  17  miles  S.W.  ofSchwerin.     Pop.  3437. 

Wit'tenburg,  or  Wit'tenberg,  a  post-village  of 
Perry  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  Grand 
Tower,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Cape  Girardeau.  It  has  a 
church,  a  brewery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Wittens,  wit't^nz,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Wit'ten's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va., 
30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saltville.  It  has  excellent  water-power, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 

Wit'ter's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Wittgenstein  (witt'gh^n-stine)  Islana,  Low  Archi- 
pelago, Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  16°  11'  S.;  Ion.  146°  22'  W. 

Wittichenau,  ♦it'tiK-§h-n5w\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  88  miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Black  Elster, 
Pop.  2127.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  hosiery. 

Wittingau,  ♦it'tin-gSw^  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bo- 
hemia, 14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  5117. 

Wittingen,  ♦it'ting-^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
landdrostei  of  Liineburg,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Uelzen.    P.  1680. 

Wittlich,  ^itt'liK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Treves,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Moselle.  Pop.  3147. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine  and  tobacco. 

Witt'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  oo.,  Md.,  on  Ches- 
apeake Bay,  19  miles  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  3  churches.  It 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  oyster-business. 

Wittmund,  *itt'm56nt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Aurich.     Pop.  1887. 


Witts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Cross  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
St.  Francis  River,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  steamboat- 
landing.     Pop.  250. 

Witt's  Foundry, a post-dllage of  Hamblen  co.,Tenn., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &,  Charleston  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Witt's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 

Witt's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Boston  Mountain,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Wittstock,  ^itt'stok,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Dosse,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ber- 
lin. Pop.  6861.  It  has  a  large  hospital  for  military  in- 
valids, and  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Witu  (wee'too)  Islands,  an  archipelago  of  small 
islands,  extending  along  the  S.  part  of  the  coast  of  the 
Galla  country.  East  Africa.  The  mainland  near  this  group 
is  also  called  Witu. 

Witu'dan  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Kan- 
diyohi CO.     It  is  nearly  5  miles  long. 

Witzenhausen,  ^it's§n-h6w'z§n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  capital  of  a  district,  on  the  Werra,  15 
miles  E.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  3194.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  vinegar,  and  leather. 

Wiveliscombe,  commonly  pron.  wils'kiim,  a  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  26 J  miles  W.  of  Somer- 
tcn.  Pop,  2059,  partly  engaged  in  woollen-manufactures. 
It  has  a  handsome  church,  and  an  infirmary  for  sick  poor, 

Wiv'enhoe,  a  maritime  town  and  parish  of  England, 
C(i.  of  Essex,  on  the  Colne,  4i  miles  S.B.  of  Colchester.  Pop. 
2123.  Here  is  a  custom-house,  subordinate  to  Colchester,  of 
which  Wivenhoe  is  regarded  as  the  port.  Large  quantities 
of  oysters  are  here  shipped. 

Wix'om,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  t  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  De 
troit.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  2  stores,  a  hotel, 
and  about  25  houses. 

Wizna,  ^iz'nS,,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
of  Suvalki,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augustovo,  on  the  Narew. 
Pop.  2903. 

Wjatka,  a  city  of  Russia.     See  Viatka, 

Wjelun,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.     See  WiEnnr. 

Wkra,  ^kri,  or  Wra,  ♦ri,  a  river  of  Poland,  is  formed 
by  the  Soldau  and  Mlawka,  flows  S.W.,  and  then  generally 
S.E.,  through  the  government  of  Plock,  and  joins  the  Bug 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Warsaw.     Length,  120  miles, 

Wladimir,  Russia.     See  Vladimeer. 

WladislawoAV,  ^li'dis-li'^ov,  formerly  Nove-Mi- 
asto,  no'vi-m'yis'to  (Ger.  Rostergchutz,  ros't^r-shiits^),  a 
town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Suvalki,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Mariampol,  on  the  Szeszuppe.     Pop.  9306. 

WladislawoAV,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Kalisz.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Lutheran  churches,  and  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics. 

Wlasatice,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Wostitz. 

Wlaschim,  vl&'shim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  22  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Kaurzim.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  2184. 

Wloclawek,  <^lots-li'^fik,  or  Wlozlawsk,  ♦lota- 
livsk',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Warsaw, 
on  the  Vistula,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Plock,  It  has  manu- 
factures of  chiccory  and  a  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  12,445. 

Wlodawa,  ^1o-d&'^&,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Lublin,  province  and  72  miles  S.E,  of  Siedleo, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Wlodawka  with  the  Bug.    P.  6102. 

Wlodzimierz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yladimseb. 

Wltawa,  the  native  name  of  the  Moldau. 

Woad  (or  Woled,  wo'lSd)  Medineh,  wo'4d  mi- 
dee'n^h,  a  town  of  Nubia,  in  Sennaar,  on  the  Blue  Nile,  9U 
miles  S.E.  of  Khartoom.  It  was  formerly  a  large  place,  but 
is  now  greatly  decayed. 

Woahoo,  one  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.     See  Oahu. 

Wttbbelin,  ^^ob'b^h-leen^  a  village  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Schwerin.  The  poet  Kbrner, 
who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Rosenberg,  is  buried  under  a  great 
oak  in  front  of  this  village. 

Wo'burn,  or  Old  Woburn,  a  market-town  and  par- 
ish of  England,  oo.  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford,  near  the 
branch  between  that  town  and  the  London  &,  Northwestern 
Railway.  Principal  manufactures,  straw  plait  and  threat^ 
lace.     Pop.  1605.  ,1 

Woburn,  Bond  oo.,  III.    See  Newport. 

Woburn  (local  pron.  woo'burn),  a  city  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Lowell,  and  about  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Salem.  It  is  on  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.     It  contains  7 


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2848 


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ehurches,  a  high  school,  the  Warren  Academy,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures 
of  pianos,  shoes,  electric  train-signals,  glue,  chemicals,  knit 
goods,  clothing,  belt-knives,  &c.  Its  industry  of  leather 
manufacturing  is  said  to  be  larger  than  that  of  any  other 
Place  in  New  England.  Pop.  in  1 880, 10,931 ;  in  1890, 13,499. 

Woda,  wo'da,  a  village  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo, 
province  of  Fizen,  with  a  celebrated  idol  placed  in  a  large 
camphor-tree  at  its  entrance. 

Wodensbury,  a  town  of  England.    See  Wednesbdry. 

Wodniaii,  1^o(l'ne-in\  a  foi-tified  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Blanitz,  12  miles  S.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  4626. 

Wodzislavv,  <^od-zis'l3,v,  a  town  of  Poland,  government 
and  31  miles  S.W.  of  Kielce,  on  the  Wodzislawa.    P.  1795. 

Woerden,  wooR'd§n,  a  walled  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  on  the  Old  Rhine,  18  miles  E.S.E,  of 
Leyden.     Pop. 3981. 

Woerth-sur- Saner,  vo-aiB'-siiR-sS^aiK'  (Ger,  Worth, 
^8Rt),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Wissembourg.  Pop,  1071.  It  is  noted  as  the  point  where 
the  first  decisive  encounter  took  place  between  the  French 
and  German  armies,  August  6,  1870. 

Woesten,  woos't^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Eemmelbeke,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Bruges.     Pop.  1241. 

Wognomiestetz,  ♦og-no-m'ySs'tSts,  a  market-town 
of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1300. 

Wohlau,  'fro'15w,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Breslau,  surrounded  by  small  lakes.  Pop. 
3084.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  hosiery. 

Wohlen,  ^o'l^n,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2761. 

Wohlen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bern,  on  the  Aar.     Pop.  3182. 

Wohrden,  ^oR'd§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswiok- 
llol  stein,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Eendsburg. 

Woischnik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Woschnik. 

Wokaii,  wo-kin',  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  with  a  vil- 
lage of  the  same  name. 

Wo'king,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Basingstoke  Canal,  and  with  a  station  on  the  Southwestern 
Railway,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guildford.     Pop.  6586. 

Wo'kiugham,  or  Oak'ingham,  a  market-town  of 
England,  cos.  of  Berks  and  Wilts,  on  the  border  of  AVindsor 
Forest,  and  on  the  Reading  &  Reigate  Railway,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Reading.  Pop.  2868,  who  manufacture  shoes,  gauze, 
silks,  malt,  and  flour.  The  town  has  a  market-house  and  a 
town  hall.     The  church  is  a  fine  old  edifice. 

Wolabatorsk,  ♦o-li-bi-torsk',  or  Wola-Bator- 
ska,  ^o-li-bi-tor'ski,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  on 
the  Vistula,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  2491. 

Wolanka,  Bohemia.     See  Kaplitz. 

Wolbeck,  ♦ol'bSk,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Munster.     Pop,  1400. 

Wolcott,  w6ol'k9t,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  co., 
Conn.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  about  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Waterbury.     Pop.  491. 

Wolcott,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co..  III. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Princeton  township.  White 
«o.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Logansport  and  Kentland, 
36  miles  W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  246. 

Wolcott,  or  Walcott,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co., 
Iowa,  in  Blue  Grass  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  12^  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Davenport. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensbnrg  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  the  Leavenworth  Insti- 
tute, a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  furnace,  2  grist-mills, 
a  steam  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  bo.\ -factory.  Pop. 
about  1000.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  and  contains  another  village,  named  Red  Creek, 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3216. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Lamoille 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River  and  the  Portland  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and  about 
24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  number  of  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
boxes,  butter-tubs,  shingles,  carriages,  &o.  Copper  is  found 
here.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1158. 

Wol'cottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lockport. 
It  has  general  stores  and  a  pop.  of  about  250. 

WoIcottsville,wS31'k9U-vil,  a  post-village  in  Royal- 
ton  township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y,,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
BuflFalo.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  cigars,  wagons, 
ic,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  900. 


Wol'cottville,  a  post-village  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind., 
in  Johnson  township,  on  a  small  lake,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
La  Grange,  and  37  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills, 
manufactures  of  wagons,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  about 
600;  of  the  township,  1468. 

Wolcottville,  a  village  of  Orange  township.  Noble 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kendallville.     Pop.  80. 

Woldegk,  '^ol'dfik,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  on  the  Prussian  frontier, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Strelitz.     Pop.  2921. 

Woldenberg,  ♦ord§n-b5RG\  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  railway  from  Stettin  to 
Posen,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.   Pop.  4089 

Wolf,  woSlf,  a  post-offiae  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Wolf,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  819. 

Wolfach,  ■<^ol'faK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Einzig, 
here  joined  by  the  Wolfach,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baden. 

Wolf  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Batesville. 

Wolfborough,  w65irbur-riih,  a  post-village  and  sum- 
mer resort  in  Wolfborough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on 
Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  on  the  Conway  division  of  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  108  miles  N.  of  Boston,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Centre  Harbor,  and  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  and  5  hotels,  one  of  which,  the  Pavilion,  ia 
first-class.  The  village  has  a  beautiful  situation.  The 
township  contains  2  savings-banks,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  8  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3020. 

Wolfborough  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  in  Wolfborough  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  EasU 
ern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  village  of  Wolfborough. 

Wolfborough  Junction.    See  Sanborn's  Mills. 

Wolf  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  eastward  through  Tama  oc, 
and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in  Black  Hawk  co.,  about  17 
miles  below  Waterloo.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Wolf  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  southeastward  through 
Russell  CO.,  and  enters  Saline  River  in  Lincoln  co. 

Wolf  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  co.,  and,  flow- 
ing southward,  falls  into  the  Chariton  River  from  the  right, 
a  few  miles  S.E.  of  Keytesville. 

Wolf  Creek,  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  flows  into  the 
Miami  River  near  Dayton. 

Wolf  Creek,  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  is  an  affluent  of  the 
Tuscarawas  River. 

Wolf  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Fentress  co.,  runt 
westward,  and  enters  Obie's  River  in  Clay  co. 

Wolf  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Tazewell  co.,  run« 
nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  New  River  about  4  milea 
below  Pcarisburg. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ark.,  about 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Arkadelphia,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Mur- 
freesborough.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co..  III. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Meade  co.,  Ky. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
555.     Wolf  Creek  Post-Office  is  at  Pine  Grove. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <t  Charleston  Railroad,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

Wolf  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  26 
miles  E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Wolfe,  w661f,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  190  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Kentucky  River  (or  its  North  Fork)  and  by  Red  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  Kentucky  Union  Railroad  touches  the  W.  border 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Camptoii.  Pop.  in  1870,  3603; 
in  1880,  5638;  in  1890,  7180. 

Wolfe,  w581f,  a  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  Quebec,  an- 
nexed to  Richmond  for  electoral  purposes,  comprises  an  area 
of  266  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  river  St.  Franoifl 
and  several  other  streams.     Capital,  Dudswell.    Pop.  8823. 

Wolfegg,  ^ol'ffik,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  9  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Waldsee.     Pop.  of  commune,  1923. 

Wolfe  Island,  a  large  island  at  the  entrance  to  the 


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2849 


WOL 


river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 
It  divides  the  St.  Lawrence  into  two  branches,  both  of  which 
are  navigable  for  the  largest  vessels.  The  southern  branch, 
however,  is  the  main  channel,  and  the  boundary-line  of  the 
United  States.  Wolf  Island  is  the  queen  of  the  far-famed 
Thousand  Islands.  Its  W.  portion  is  opposite  Kingston. 
Its  coast  is  rather  irregular,  indented  with  picturesque 
bays.  Its  greatest  width  is  7  miles,  and  its  length  about  18 
miles.  Area,  30,600  acres.  The  water  around  the  island  is 
as  clear  as  crystal,  and  abounds  with  salmon,  trout,  white- 
fish,  bass,  pike,  pickerel,  and  maskinonge.     Pop.  2737. 

Wolfe  Island,  a  post-village  on  the  above  island,  in 
Frontenao  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Kingston,  with  which 
city  it  has  regular  communication  by  ferry-steamer.  It 
contains  a  grist-mill,  5  or  6  stores,  and  a  light-house.  Ship- 
building is  largely  engaged  in.     Pop.  500. 

Wolfenbtittel,  ^olf'^n-biltH^l,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  and  8  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  on  the  railway  to  Han- 
over, and  on  the  Ocker.  Pop.  13,453.  It  consists  of  a 
citadel,  town  proper,  and  two  suburbs,  and  has  several  fine 
churches,  two  old  castles,  an  arsenal,  a  large  workhouse,  a 
hospital,  orphan  asylum,  college,  and  various  other  schools, 
and  a  library  containing  nearly  300,000  volumes  and  10,000 
manuscripts,  also  relics  and  manuscripts  of  Luther.  The 
town  is  the  seat  of  the  superior  law  court  for  the  states  of 
Brunswick,  Waldeck,  and  Lippe,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lacquered  wares,  paper-hangings,  leather,  and  tobacco,  a 
trade  in  corn  and  linen  yarn,  and  5  annual  fairs. 

Wolfenschiess,  *orf§n-sheess\  a  village  and  parish 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Unterwalden,  on  the  Aa,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sarnen.     Pop.  1164. 

Wol'fert's,  a  station  in  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Swedesborough, 

Wolf  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Wolfhagen,  ^olfhi^oh^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hesse- 
Nassau,  14  miles  W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2712.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Wolfhalden,  ♦olfhiPd^n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Appenzell,  on  the  borders  of  the 
Rheinthal,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  3402. 

Wolf  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Albany  oo.,  N.Y. 

Wolf  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, near  the  Saguenay  coast. 

Wolf  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  below  Belmont. 

Wolf  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  New  Brunswick,  N.  of  Grand  Manan  Island.  The 
most  northern  is  in  lat.  44°  59'  N.,  Ion.  66°  41'  W. 

Wolf  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Wolf  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

Wolf  Pen,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Island  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Wolf  Pit,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C.    P.  1239. 

Wolf  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Wolfratshausen,  ♦ol'frits-how^z^n,  a  market-town  of 
Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  Loisach,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Munich. 
It  has  a  glass-factory  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  1821. 

Wolf  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Brown  co.  by  several 
forks,  flows  E.  and  N.E.  through  Doniphan  co.,  and  joins 
the  Missouri  River. 

Wolf  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  flows 
S.S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  Harrison  co. 

Wolf  River  rises  in  Benton  co.,  Miss.,  and  passes  into 
Tennessee,  running  nearly  westward  through  the  cos.  of 
Fayette  and  Shelby,  and  entering  the  Mississippi  River 
about  1  mile  above  Memphis.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Wolf  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Oconto  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  the  cos.  of  Shawano  and  Outagamie. 
After  it  has  passed  through  Poygan  Lake,  it  enters  Fox 
River,  near  Winneconne,  about  10  miles  above  Oshkosh. 
It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.  It  is  stated  that  steamboats 
can  ascend  it  100  miles.  It  traverses  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  and  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade  in  lumber. 

Wolf  River,  a  township  of  Doniphan  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  about  3000. 

Wolf  River,  township,  Winnebago  oo.,  Wis.   Pop.  877. 

Wolf  Run,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     See  Pknnsville. 

Wolf  Run,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wolf8berg,^olfs'bfinG,  atown  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Klagenfurth,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2022. 

Wolfsburg,  w651fs'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Wolf'scrape,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.    P.  1025. 

Wolfs  (w66]fs)  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  oo, 
Tex.,  on  the  Colorado  River,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Austin. 


Wolf's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Wolf's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tascarawaa  co.,  0., 
on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &,  Cleveland  Railroad,  15  niilM 
S.S.AV.  of  New  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

WolPs  Store,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  aboat  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Wolfstein,  *olf  stine,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauter,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kaiserslautem.  It  has 
mines  of  coal  and  mercury.     Pop.  1046. 

WolfstOAvn,  wColfs'tSwn,  a  post-village  in  Wolfe  co., 
Quebec,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset.  It  contains  a  ckarch 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Wolf  Sum'mit,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  in  Harrison  < 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 
of  Clarksburg. 

Wolfsville,  wCSlfs'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  3  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  150. 

Wolfsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.C, about  25 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Wolftown,  w651f'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Va.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Gordonsvilie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wolf  Trap,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Halifax  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  36  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Danville. 

Wolfville,  w651f'vil  (formerly  Cornwal'Iis),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Kings,  at  the  entrance  of 
Cornwallis  River  into  Minas  Bay,  and  on  a  railway,  18 
miles  from  Windsor,  and  61  miles  from  Halifax.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Acadia  College  and  of  the  Horton  Academy,  both 
under  the  control  of  the  Baptists,  and  contains  4  churches, 
a  female  seminary,  a  branch  bank,  a  saw-mill,  a  number 
of  stores,  and  several  hotels.  Ship-building  is  largely  en- 
gaged in.     Wolfville  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  900. 

Wolga,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Volga. 

Wolgast,  ^ol'gist,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Stralsund,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Peene  in  the  Baltic.  Pop.  7258.  It  has  ship-yards,  manu- 
factures of  soap,  tobacco,  and  leather,  and  a  good  trade. 

Wolgsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Volsk. 

Wolhynia,  Russia.     See  Volhynia. 

Wolin,  ♦o'lin,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Pisek,  on  the  Wolinka.     Pop.  2558. 

Wolkenstein,  ^ol'ken-stine^  a  town  of  Saxony,  with 
a  castle,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2242. 

Wolkersdorf,  ^ol'k^rs-doRr,  a  market-town  of  Lower 
Austria,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  2149. 

Wolkhow,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Volkhov. 

Wolkowisk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Volkovisk. 

Wol'laston,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  Wollaston  Heights  Station,  7  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  Ac. 
It  is  included  in  the  city  of  Quincy. 

Wol'laston  Island,  a  considerable  island  lying  N.  of 
Cape  Horn  Island  and  S.  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

YVol'laston  Land,  British  North  America,  Arctic 
Ocean,  W.  of  Victoria  Land.  The  W.  point  is  in  lat.  70° 
N.,  Ion.  117°  AV.,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  bv 
Dolphin  and  Union  Straits. 

Wollerau,  ♦ol'l^h-row',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1370. 

Wollhausen-Wiggern,  •frol'hSw'z^n-^ig'gh^rn,  a 
village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  10  miles  W.  of  Lucerne, 
on  the  Emmen.     Pop.  1558. 

Wollin,  ^ol-leen',  a  small  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  29  miles  N.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Dievenow,  and  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  latter  at  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic, 
connected  by  bridges  with  the  mainland.  Pop.  5222.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and  ship-building  docks. 

Wollin,  an  island  of  Prussia,  one  of  those  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Great  Haff  (a  portion  of  the  Stettiner-Haff), 
between  it  and  the  Baltic,  is  of  irregular  shape,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Dievenow  and  W.  by  the  Swine.  Length,  20 
miles;  breadth,  from  3  to  10  miles. 

Wollishofen,  ^^ol'lis-ho'f^n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zurich,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  lake.  A  fierce  struggle  took  place  here  in 
1799  between  the  French  and  the  Prussians.     Pop.  1200. 

Wollmirstadt,  ♦oll'mir-stitt',  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  on  the  Ohre,  8  miles  N.  of  Magdeburg,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Pop.  3598.  It  haa  a 
castle,  manufactures  of  linens,  cotton  goods,  ribbons,  and 
leather,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Wollnzach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Wolnzach. 

Wollomba,  <^oriom'b&,  a  river  of  New  South  Walati 
CO.  of  Gloucester,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  Wallia  Lake. 


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Wollondilly,  wolMon-dil'lee,  a  river  of  New  South 
Wales,  flows  N.  through  the  centre  of  the  oo.  of  Argyle  and 
between  the  cos.  of  Camden  and  Westmoreland,  and  joins 
the  Warragamba,  after  a  course  of  130  miles. 

Wollongong,  woPlong-gong',  a  maritime  town  of 
New  South  Wales,  co.  of  Camden,  7  miles  N.  of  Lake  Illa- 
warra.  Pop.  1297.  It  stands  in  a  fine  district,  is  resorted 
to  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  a  light-house  of  iron.  Here 
ooal  is  extensively  mined  and  shipped ;  also  the  valuable 
mineral  called  wollongongite. 

Wollstein,  ♦oll'stine,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Posen,  between  two  lakes.     Pop.  2729. 

Wollstein,  a  town  of  N.W.  Germany,  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse,  in  Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Appelbach,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Kreutznach.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2932. 

Wolmar,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Volmar. 

Wolnzach,  or  Wollnzach,  Mln'ziK,  a  market-town 
of  Upper  Bavaria,  N.B.  of  Pfafifenhofen.    Pop.  1591. 

Wologda,  Russia.    See  Vologda. 

Wolokolam  sk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Volokolamsk. 

Wol'rab  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co..  111.,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Shawneetown.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  an 
iron-furnace. 

Wolsdorf,  Mls'doHf,  or  Welsdorf,  *fils'doRf,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Kbniggratz.     Pop.  1118. 

Wol'singham,  or  Wal'singham,  a  market-town 
and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  13i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dur- 
ham, on  the  Wear  Valley  Railway.  Pop.  7778,  employed 
in  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  hardwares,  in  iron- 
blast-furnaces,  and  in  coal-,  lime-,  and  lead-works. 

Wolsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Volsk. 

Wolstan'ton,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  U 
miles  N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyne.  It  has  a  new  Gothic 
church  and  a  union  workhouse.  The  Grand  Trunk  Canal 
here  passes  through  a  tunnel  1^  miles  in  length. 

Woltschansk.    See  Voltchansk. 

Woluwe-Saint-Etienne,  voMUv'-siNt-iHe-finn',  a 
village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  near  Brussels.  Pop. 
1021. 

Woluwe- Saint-Lambert,  voMiiv'-8S.N»-liM*baiR',  a 
village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  on  the  Woluwe,  4 
miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1249. 

Wol u we- Saint-Pierre,  voM5iv'-siN»-pe-aiR',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  near  the  above. 

Wolverhamp'ton,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal 
borough  and  manufacturing  town  of  England,  co.  of  Staf- 
ford, with  stations  on  the  London  &  Northwestern  and 
Great  Western  Railways,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham. 
Pop.  of  municipal  borough  (1891),  82,620.  The  town  has  13 
churches,  viz.,  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Peter,  recently 
restored,  St.  George,  St.  John,  St.  Paul,  St.  Mary,  St.  James, 
St.  Mark,  St.  Matthew,  St.  Luke,  St.  Philip,  St.  Andrew, 
Christ  church,  and  St.  Jude,  several  dissenting  and  Rpman 
Catholic  chapels,  and  numerous  schools.  Other  chief  edi- 
fices are  the  town  hall,  new  market  hall  or  corn  exchange, 
hospital,  agricultural  hall,  news-room,  library,  savings- 
bank,  St.  George's  Hall,  assembly-  and  concert-rooms, 
theatre,  county  court-house,  a  grammar-school  with  a  rev- 
enue of  nearly  £1200  per  annum,  an  orphan  asylum,  a 
blue-ooat  school,  a  ragged  school,  and  a  school  of  practical 
art  and  working-men's  college.  There  is  a  a  finely-situated 
cemetery  near  the  town.  Locks,  brass,  tinned,  and  japanned 
wares,  tools,  nails,  papier-mach6,  electro-plated  goods,  and 
varnish  are  manufactured  here.  It  has  several  large  flour- 
mills,  galvanized-iron,  chemical,  and  artificial-manure 
works,  an  excellent  cattle-market,  and  an  extensive  rail- 
way-carriage depot  of  the  Great  Western  Railway.  Its 
trade  is  facilitated  by  several  canals,  and  the  whole  district 
to  the  S.  and  E.  is  covered  with  forges,  rolling-mills,  foun- 
dries, coal-mines,  and  ironstone-pits.  The  borough  returns 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wolveriey,  wSSl'v^r-le,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Worcester,  on  the  Stour,  and  on  the  Staffordshire  <k  Worces- 
tershire Canal,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kidderminster.  It  con- 
tains a  parish  and  a  district  church,  a  Wesleyan  chapel, 
and  one  of  the  principal  depots  of  the  engines  and  goods 
cf  the  London  A  Birmingham  Railway.     Pop.  3041. 

Wolverthem,wol'v?r-tfim\  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabant,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  3332. 

Wolverton,  wSSl'v^r-t^n,  or  Wolverston,  a  parish 
of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  1  mile  E.N.E.  of  Stratford,  on  the 
London  &  Northwestern  Railway.  Here  are  the  central 
■tation,  depot,  and  factory  of  the  railway  company,  a  church, 
a  school,  and  a  library  and  reading-room.     Pop.  2804. 

Wolverton,  w561'v§r-t9n,  a  post- village  in  Oxford  co., 
Ontario,  on  Smith's  Creek,  4  miles  from  Drumbo.  It  con- 
taiiu  a  law-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  store.     Pop.  250. 


Wolynsk,  Russia.    See  Volhtnia. 

Wo'mack  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Choctaw  oo.,  Ala. 

Wo'macks,  a  station  of  the  Gulf,  Western  Texai  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.W,  of  Victoria,  Texas. 

Wombwell,  woom'bel,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
York,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  6009. 

Wom'elsdorf,  a  post-borough  in  Heidelberg  township^ 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  15  milei 
W.  of  Reading.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  limestone  vallej, 
and  has  4  churches,  the  South  Mountain  College,  3  flour- 
mills,  a  cigar-factory,  an  iron-forge,  a  steam  saw-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  1031. 

Wo  m  m  el  gh  em ,  wom'm^l-ohim^  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  and  6  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1483. 

Wonansqnatocket.    See  Woonasquatdcket. 

Wonck,  w6nk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  Jaar,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1726. 

Wonda,  or  Ouonda,  won'di,  a  river  of  North  Africa, 
rises  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Senegambia,  flows  N.N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Kokoro  (an  affluent  of  the  Woolima),  after  a 
course  of  about  130  miles. 

Wondelghem,  won'd9l-Ghfim\  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Canal  of  Terneuzen,  and 
on  the  Lieve  and  the  Caele,  2  miles  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1181. 

Wonders,  wiin'd^rz,  post-ofiice,  Nacogdoches  co.,  Tex. 

Won'derly,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 

Wone,  won,  a  ruined  town  of  India,  in  Candeish,  with 
8  large  and  4  small  pagodas  of  hewn  granite  and  of  a 
pyramidal  form,  with  numerous  carvings,  decorations,  and 
colossal  statues. 

Wonewoc,  w6n'e-w5k,  a  post-village  in  Wonewoo 
township,  Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  on  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  Wonowoc  Station,  67 
miles  N.W.  of  Madison,  and  6^  miles  S.  of  Elroy.  It  ha« 
2  or  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  furniture,  lumber,  and  wagons.  Pop. 
about  700 ;  of  the  township,  1495. 

Wongrowitz,  ^on'gro-^its^  (Polish,  Wongrowiec,  ♦on- 
gro've-fits),  also  written  Wagrowiec,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Poland,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Posen,  on  the  Welna.  Here  is  a 
Cistercian  monastery.     Pop.  4236. 

Won'sevu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on  Cedar 
Creek,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Eureka.  It  has  a  black- 
smith-shop and  a  general  store.     Pop.  about  40. 

Wonterghem,  wfin't^r-chfim^  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  968. 

Woo-Cliang,  a  large  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo- 
Pec,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  opposite  Han-Keoo.  It  is  a 
walled  town,  is  the  seat  of  a  great  native  and  foreign  trade, 
and  has  important  native  educational  establishments.  Pop. 
800.000. 

Woo-Choo,  or  Wu-Chn,  woo-choo',  also  called 
Woo-Chow-Foo,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang- 
See,  on  the  navigable  river  Hong-Kiang,  about  180  miles 
above  Canton.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  great  trade. 

Wood,  a  northern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about 
625  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Man- 
mee  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Portage  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Beaver  Creek.  The  northern  border  of  this 
county  is  about  3  miles  from  Toledo.  The  surface  is  a 
nearly  level  plain,  with  a  gentle  slope  to  the  N.E.  Dense 
forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  tulip-tree,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part  of  its  area.  The 
soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  butter,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  railroads,  chiefly  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio,  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley  A  Toledo, 
the  Dayton  A  Michigan,  and  others  belonging  to  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  A  Dayton  system.  It  is  also  connected 
with  Cleveland  by  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad.  Capital,  Bowling  Green.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,596  ; 
in  1880,  34,022;  in  1890,  44,392. 

Wood,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Sabine  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  exten- 
sive forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  pecan,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Texas 
A  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Quitman.  Pop.  in  1870,  6894; 
in  1880,  11,212;  in  1890,  13,932. 

Wood,  a  western  county  of  West  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  state  of  Ohio, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Kanawha  River.  The  sur- 
face  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  liickory,  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.    The  soil  is  fertile. 


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2851 


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Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  pe- 
troleum. This  county  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  South- 
western Railroad,  and  the  Ohio  River  Railroad.  Capital, 
Parkersburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,000;  in  1880,  25,006;  in 
1890,  28,612. 

Wood,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  828  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wis- 
consin River,  which  here  runs  southwestward,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Yellow  River  and  Mill  Creek.  The  surface 
is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and 
other  trees.  Oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products,  and  lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
Granite  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  and  the  Green  Bay,  Winona 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Grand  Rapids.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3912;  in  1880,  8981 ;  in  1890,  18,127. 

Wood,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  730. 

Wood,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Toledo,  Ohio. 

Wood  and  Richland,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  834. 

Wood'ard,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 

Woodward's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Pacific  oo., 
Washington. 

Wood'bank,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall 
Creek,  1  mile  from  Malott  Park  Station,  and  about  5  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood'berry,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Wichita. 

Woodberry,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Balti- 
more. It  has  5  or  6  churches,  5  cotton-mills,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  3  public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Part  of  this  village  is  called  Hampden. 

Woodberry,  Bedford  co..  Pa.     See  Woodbuky. 

Woodberry,  a  township  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2107. 

Wood'bine,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111., 
about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Galena.  It  contains  2  churches 
and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  950. 

Woodbine,  a  post-village  in  Boyer  township,  Harrison 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Council  BlufiFs.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Woodbine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Lyons  Creek,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Junction  City.  It 
has  a  church. 

Woodbine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  about 
65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Danville. 

Woodbine,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Woodbine,  a  station  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Millville. 

Woodbine,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Woodbine,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Chanceford  township,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

Woodbine,  a  post-office  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  from  Manassas. 

Wood'bourne,  a  post-village  in  Fallsburg  tftwnship, 
Sullivan  co,,  N.Y.,  on  the  Neversink  River,  about  32  miles 
N.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  140. 

Woodbonrne,  a  station  in  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Philadel- 
phia. 

Woodbonrne,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Montrose  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Wood'bridge,  a  market-town  and  river-port  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Deben,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ips- 
wich. Pop.  4403.  The  town  has  a  church,  dissenting 
chapels,  schools,  almshouses,  sessions-  and  market-houses, 
a  oustom-house,  bonding  warehouses,  a  theatre,  and  a  house 
of  correction.  It  has  exports  of  corn,  flour,  and  malt, 
and  imports  of  coal,  timber,  Ac.  Ship-building  is  actively 
carried  on.  The  mouth  of  the  Deben  forms  an  excellent 
haven,  and  the  river  is  navigable  8  miles  up  to  the  town. 

Wood'bridge,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  ' 
on  the  Mokelumne  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  college,  2  ohurohes, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Woodbridge,  a  township  of  New  Haven  oo.,  Conn., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.     Pop.  830. 


Woodbridge,  a  hamlet  of  Cedar  oo.,  Iowa,  about  21 

miles  E.N.E.  of  Iowa  City. 

Woodbridge,  township,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.   P.  1388. 

Woodbridge,  a  post-office  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich. 

Woodbridge,  a  post-village  in  Woodbridge  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Perth  Amboy  &  Woodbridge 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Rah  way,  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  New 
York.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  fire-bricks  and  tiles.  The  township  borders  on 
Staten  Island  Sound.    Pop.  about  5000. 

Woodbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craven  co.,  N.C.,  1 
mile  from  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  15 
miles  S.  of  New-Berne.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Woodbridge,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  about  55 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wood  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Prince  William  co., 
Va.,  on  Occoquan  River,  and  on  the  Alexandria  &  Freder- 
icksburg Railroad,  16^  miles  S.W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school. 

Wood'bridge,  or  Bur'wick,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Humber,  and  on  the  Toronto, 
Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railway,  16i  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It 
contains  3  churches,  stores,  hotels,  and  saw-mills,  and  has 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  agricul- 
tural implements,  engines,  boilers,  woollens,  &c.     P.  1000. 

Woodbridge's  Corners,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  is  the 
same  as  North  New  Castle. 

Wood'burn,  a  post-village  in  Bunker  Hill  township, 
Macoupin  co..  111.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Alton,  and  3 
miles  W.  of  Bunker  Hill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Woodbnrn,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Woodbnrn,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Clarke 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  16 
miles  W.  of  Chariton.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Woodburn,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  Cedar 
Bluff  College.     Pop.  about  400. 

Woodburn,  a  hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish,  La.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Bastrop.     Here  is  a  church. 

Woodburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  oo.,  Neb.,  on  Loup 
River,  17  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Woodburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Salem. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  warehouse  for  grain. 

Woodburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Ya.,  3^ 
miles  W.  of  Leesburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Wood'burn,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  S.  of  Stony  Creek.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  100. 

Woodbury,  wood'b^r-e,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Iowa,  bordering  on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  about  800 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri 
and  Sioux  Rivers,  which  unite  about  2  miles  above  Sioux 
City.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Sioux  River  and  its 
West  Fork,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Maple  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
groves.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  several  railroads,  chiefly  belonging  to  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul,  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A 
Omaha,  Sioux  City  A  Northern,  and  Illinois  Central  sys- 
tems. Capital,  Sioux  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6172;  in  1880, 
14,996;  in  1890,  55,632. 

Woodbury,  a  post-village  in  Woodbury  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the  Pomeraug 
River,  12  miles  W.  of  Waterbury,  and  about  25  miles  N.W. 
of  New  Haven.  It  contains  several  fine  residences,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  and  4  churches.  The  township  has  a 
paper-mill,  2  woollen-mills,  a  manufactory  of  knives  and 
shears,  a  stockinet-mill,  and  a  powder-flask-faotory.  It 
contains  another  village,  named  Hotohkissville.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1815. 

Woodbury,  Meriwether  oo.,  Qa.    See  Sandtowh. 

Woodbury,  a  hamlet  in  Woodbury  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  111.,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ef- 
fingham.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1067. 

Woodbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  nas  a  church. 

Woodbury,  township,  Woodbury  eo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  351. 

Woodbury,  a  post-village  of  Buv^er  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Green  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Barren  River,  about 
20  miles  by  land  and  30,  miles  by  water  N.W.  of  Bowling 


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G^reon.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  171. 

Woodbury,  Maryland.    See  Woodbehry. 

Woodbury,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn., 
about  7  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  1  or  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Mississippi  River.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1153. 

Woodbury,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.,  about  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Woodbury,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  Woodbury  Creek,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Swedesborough  Railroad,  and 
at  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court-house,  an  academy, 
a  graded  public  school,  2  public  libraries,  3  weekly  news- 
papers, glass-works,  a  national  bank,  and  9  churches  (2 
colored).  Many  persons  residing  here  do  business  in  Phila- 
delphia.    Pop.  in  1890,  3911. 

Woodbury,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.    See  Woodbury  Falls. 

Woodbury,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Oyster  Bay 
township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
33  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York  City. 

Woodbury  (Wood view  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  in  Perry 
township.  Morrow  co.,  0.,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mansfield. 

Woodbury,  or  Woodberry,  a  post- village  of  Bedford 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Middle  Woodbury  township,  about  22  miles  S. 
of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churehes.     Pop.  294. 

Woodbury,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  210. 

Woodbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
college,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  750. 

Woodbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 
from  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Woodbury,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo.,  Vt., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.     Pop.  902. 

Woodbury,  or  Force's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Brant  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  S.  of  Princeton.     Pop.  160. 

Woodbury  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Newburg  &  New  York  JBranch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Woodbury  Station^  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Newburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Woodbury's,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad  (Essex 
Branch),  9  miles  N.E.  of  Salem,  Mass. 

Wood  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 

Wood'cock,  a  post-borough  in  Woodcock  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Meadville,  and  2  miles 
from  Venango  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  cheese-factories.  Pop.  220.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  French  Creek,  and  contains  also  the  borough 
of  Sasgertown.     Pop.  of  township,  1723. 

Wood  Creek,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E. 
direction,  and  enters  Pawlet  River  at  Whitehall. 

Wood'dale,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Wilmington. 

Wood'end,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis 
&  San  Francisco  Railroad,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Woo'densburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.    P.  54. 

Wood'ey,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Wood'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Peoria  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  Illinois  River, 
and  is  drained  by  Mackinaw  and  Crow  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than 
the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Illinois  Central,  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  <k  Warsaw  (now  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Western),  and 
the  Chicago  &  Alton.  Capital,  Metamora.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,956;  in  1880,  21,620;  in  1890,  21,429. 

Woodford,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  South  Fork  of  Elkborn  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  black 
walnut,  and  maple.  Good  Lower  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lies a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  (now  the  Louisville 
&  Naahville)  Railroad.  Capital,  Versailles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8240;  in  1880,  11,800;  in  1890,  12,380. 

Woodford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Minonk  township,  Wood- 
ford CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  N. 
of  Bloomington. 


Woodford,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Woodford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodford  township,  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Bennington.  It  haa 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  371. 

Woodford,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Caroline  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad, 
46i  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Woodford's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alpine  co.,  Cal.,  about 
36  miles  S.  of  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Woodford's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
on  or  near  Casco  Bay,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  and  Port- 
land &  Rochester  Railroads,  2  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  2  churches  and  the  Deering  High  School, 

Wood  Grove,  a  post-hnmlet  in  Manchester  township, 
Morgan  eo.,  0.,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caldwell. 

Wood  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  1  mile 
from  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  1  mile  from  Round  Hill  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood'ham,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  lOi 
miles  from  St.  Marys.     Pop.  100. 

Wood  Har'bor,  a  post-settlement  in  Shelbume  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  19  miles  from  Barring- 
ton.     Pop.  600. 

Wood  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  Jamaica  township, 
Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  8 
miles  S.E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo. 

Wood'hull,  a  post-village  in  Clover  township,  Henry 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad 
(Galva  A  Keithsburg  Branch),  14  miles  W.  of  Galva,  and 
about  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  700. 

Woodhull,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Woodhull,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  extrem- 
ity of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  It  contains  2  churches.  Pop. 
756.  Woodhull  Post-Office  and  Station  are  on  the  Chicago 
&  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Corunna. 

Woodhull,  or  New'ville,  a  post-village  in  Woodhull 
township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Tuscarora  Creek,  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  cheese-fivctory,  a  foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Woodhull.    Pop.  392 ;  of  township,  1978. 

Woodhull,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Fond  du  Lac 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  &.  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  5 
miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Wood'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Piqua  and  Union  City,  7  miles  E.  of  the 
latter.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wood  Island,  an  islet  in  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle, 
between  Labrador  and  Newfoundland. 

Wood  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Saoo  River,  Me.  On 
the  E.  side  is  a  revolving  light,  45  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  lat.  43°  27'  N.,  Ion.  70°  15'  W. 

Wood  Island,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &,  Lynn  Railroad,  and 
on  an  island  in  Boston  Harbor,  1  mile  from  East  Boston. 

WoodMake,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky. 

Wood  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Grand  Rapids.    It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber. 

Wood  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co., 
Minn.,  comprising  several  lakes.     Pop.  167. 

Wood  Lake,  post-township,  Burnett  co..  Wis.   P.  195. 

Wood'land,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Cache  Creek  township,  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad, 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacramento,  and  81  miles  N.N.E.  of 
San  Francisco.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank  with  a  capital  of  $500,000,  and  the 
Hesperian  College  (Christian),  which  was  organized  in 
1861 ;  also  3  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  a  machine-shop,  2  brew- 
eries, and  manufactories  of  wine  and  brandy.  It  is  lighted 
with  gas.     Pop.  in  1890,  3069. 

Woodland,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla„  about  Id 
miles  8.  of  Palatka,  and  6  miles  E,  of  St,  John's  River. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Carroll  co,.  111,     Pop.  906. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.     Pop,  1602, 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Watseka. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township,  St, 
Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  South  Bend. 
It  has  a  church. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richland  township,  De- 
catur CO.,  Iowa,  near  Grand  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Leon, 

Woodland,  a  station  in  Barren  co.,  Ky,,  on  the  Lonis- 
ville  A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Cave  City, 


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Woodland,  a  post-offioe  of  East  Felioiana  parish,  La., 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Clinton.     Here  is  a  church. 

Woodland,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me.,  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  174. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Easton. 

Woodland,  a  post-village  in  Woodland  township, 
Barry  co.,  Mioh.,  about  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and  30  miles  "W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  drug-store,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1461. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Wright  oo.,  Minn.    P.  836. 

Woodland,  a  post-offioe  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Hannibal. 

Woodland,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  389. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shandaken  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  N.C., 
about  24  miles  E.  of  Halifax.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodland,  a  station  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Salem. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Marion. 
It  has  a  church,  2"fiaw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Woodland,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  <fc  Clearfield  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
6i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Clearfield.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  fire-brick-manufactory. 

Woodland,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  from  Bennet's  Station  of  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Northern  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  46  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.    It  has  2  churches. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1220. 

Woodland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Iluntsville.  It  has  a  steam  flour-mill, 
a  store,  <tc. 

Woodland  3Iills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Hickman,  Ky.,  and  162  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Woodlands,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  22  miles  below  Wheeling. 

Wood'landtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  30  miles  S.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Wood'landville,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Mo.,  15 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Columbia. 

Wood'lark  Island,  or  Mayon,  mi-on',  Louisiade 
Archipelago,  is  N.N.E.  of  the  S.B.  extremity  of  Papua. 

WoodMawn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark.,  15 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

WoodlaAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Dalton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  seminary. 

Woodlavvn,  a  village  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  west- 
ern suburb  of  Augusta. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  <fc  Southeastern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Mount 
Vernon.  It  has  a  plough-factory  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Woodlawn,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <fc 
Lexington  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Woodlawn,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
13  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodlawn  township, 
Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Moberly.  It  has  4  stores.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1880,  1319  ;  in  1890,  1092. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Lancaster  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y.  It  is  a  branch  of  the  New  York 
Post-Office. 

Woodlawn,  a  hamlet  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  or  near 
the  Catawba  River,  and  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad, 
at  Tuokasegee  Railroad  Station,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Char- 
lotte. It  has  an  academy  and  a  cotton-mill.  There  are  3 
churches  in  the  vicinity. 

Woodlawn.  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 


Woodlawn,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township, 
Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  <k 
Lake  Erie  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  ha« 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  to- 
bacco-factory. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6^  miles  W.  of  Jefferson. 

Wood  Lawn,  a  post-bamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ya.,  24 
miles  from  Max  Meadows.     It  has  an  iron-forge. 

Woodlawn  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Wood'leaf,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Woo'dle  Island,  one  of  the  Gilbert  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat.  0°  17'  N.,  Ion.  173°  27'  E. 

Wood'lyn,  a  station  of  the  Jacksonville,  Northwestern 
<fc  Southeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.B.  of  Jacksonville,  111. 

Wood'man,  a  post-village  in  Woodman  township, 
Grant  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Chicago  &  Tomah  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  562. 

Wood'mansie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Whiting.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  about  10  houses.  Cran- 
berries abound  here. 

Wood'mont,  a  post-office  of  New  Haven  oo..  Conn., 
on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <k  Hartford  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  New  Haven. 

Wood  Park,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La. 

Wood  Point,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of 
Westmoreland,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  5  miles  from  Sack- 
ville.     Pop.  150. 

Wood'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  on  Hopatcong  Lake,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Dover. 
It  has  a  church. 

Wood  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Lodi  township,  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory. 

Wood'ridge,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Woodridge,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  200. 

Wood  Riv'er,  a  mill-stream  of  Rhode  Island,  rises  in 
Kent  CO.,  and  unites  with  Charles  River  in  Washington 
CO.,  to  form  the  Pawcatuck  River. 

Wood  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hall  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  Platte  River,  16  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Grand  Island.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood  River  Junction.    See  Richmond  Switch. 

Wood'row,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 

Wood'ruff,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  577  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  White  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Cache  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railway. 
Capital,  Augusta.     Pop.  in  1880,  8646;  in  1890,  14,009. 

Woodruff,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  Uie  P»- 
ducah  A  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Nortonville. 

Woodruff,  a  post-office  of  Rich  co.,  Utah. 

Woodrulfs,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bridgeton. 

WoodrHft"'s,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  18 
miles  S.  of  Spartanburg.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

WoodrunPs  Creek,  Michigan.    See  Huron  River. 

Woods,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Alton 
Junction.    See  also  Wood's  Station. 

Wood's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles  S. 
of  Marshall.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Wood's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Woods'borough,a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Frederick.  It  has  2  or  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Woods'burg,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hempstead  township,  neor  Rockaway 
Beach,  and  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
New  York  City.  It  has  4  churches,  ateo  2  summer  hotels, 
one  of  which  has  accommodations  for  450  guesta.  Wood»- 
burg  commands  a  near  view  of  the  ocean. 


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Wood's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  oo.,  Mich., 
ftn  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Ionia.  It  h&a  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Wood's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
rises  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and,  flowing  in  a 
general  S.W.  course,  enters  the  Tuolumne  River. 

Wood's  Cross,  a  post-office  at  Bountiful  Village, 
Davis  CO.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Wood's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester 
CO.,  Va.,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  West  Point.     Pop.  22. 

Woods'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Woodsdale  township,  about  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1596. 

Woodsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Madi- 
ton  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  about  6  miles  above 
Hamilton.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Wood's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Chazy  River,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill, a  starch-factory,  Ac. 

Woods'field,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  0., 
in  Centre  township,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta,  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly 
country.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1031. 

Woods  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn. 

Wood's  Hoi  I,  hoi,  a  post-village  in  Falmouth  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  strait  which  connects  Buz- 
Bard's  Bay  with  Vineyard  Sound,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  New 
Bedford.  It  is  also  on  a  branch  of  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad, 
71  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  safe  harbor  which  is 
deep  enough  to  admit  large  ships,  and  in  which  vessels  find 
refuge  in  stormy  weather.  It  contains  a  church  and  sev- 
eral summer  boarding-houses,  and  a  factory  for  fertilizers. 
Two  steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Oak  Bluffs  and 
Nantucket. 

Wood'side,  a  town  of  Scotland,  forming  a  northwestern 
suburb  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  4290. 

Wood 'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley  at  the  base  of  an  evergreen  mountain,  6 
miles  W.  of  Redwood  City,  and  36  miles  S.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco.    It  has  several  saw -mills,  and  a  large  trade  in  lumber. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Kent  co.,  Del., 
on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  54  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Woodside,  a  poat-hamlet  in  Woodside  township,  San- 
gamon CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  S. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1385. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  Avoyelles  parish.  La. 

Woodside,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  with  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Paterson  &  Newark  Branch),  IJ 
miles  N.  of  Newark.     Pop.  of  township,  1172. 

Woodside,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Flushing  A  North  Side  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  New  York.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  florists'  establishments.     P.  500. 

Woodside,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sum- 
jait  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Woodside,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  & 
New  York  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  the  initial  station  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Wooaside,  a  station  in  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  the  terminus 
of  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of 
Jeddo.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 

Wood'side,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Somerset.     Pop.  100. 

Woodside  Park,  a  station  of  the  Orange  Branch  of 
the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  9i  miles  W.  of 
Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Woods'lee,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Belle  River,  and  on  a  railway,  21  miles  from  Amherst- 
burg.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  3  stores,  and  3  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  150. 

Wood'son,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  504  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Neosho 
River,  which  runs  through  the  N.E.  part,  and  by  Owl  and 
Turkey  Creeks.  The  Verdigris  River  touches  the  S.W. 
corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas,  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6, 
and  Missouri  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Yates  Centre. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3827;  in  1880,  6635;  in  1890,  9021. 


Woodson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  on  th« 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Woodson,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wood'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  opposite  Alunfordville,  and  on  the  Louisville 
&  Great  Southern  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the  river  on 
a  fine  bridge.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  nursery.     Pop.  140. 

Wood's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 

Wood's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Birmingham. 

Wood's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wood  Station,  a  post-office  of  Catoosa  oo.,  Ga. 

Wood'stock,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough 
and  town  of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oxford, 
on  the  Glyme.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  7477.  It 
has  a  church,  several  chapels,  a  town  hall,  and  a  market- 
place. It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Adjoining  the  town,  on  the  S.,  is  Blenheim,  the  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Marlborough.  (See  Blenheim  Park.)  Under  the 
Saxon  and  Norman  dynasties  AVoodstock  was  a  royal  resi- 
dence; and  here  King  Alfred  resided  while  translating 
Boethius. 

Wood'stock,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham. 

Woodstock,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co..  Conn. 
Pop.  2955.  Itcontains  6  post- villages, — namely,  Woodstock, 
East  Woodstock,  North  Woodstock,  South  Woodstock,  West 
Woodstock,  and  Woodstock  Valley. 

Woodstock,  a  post-village  in  Woodstock  township, 
Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  a  high  hill,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hartford,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Putnam.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy (a  large  and  fine  building),  2  churches,  and  a  superior 
summer  hotel.     The  scenery  of  this  place  is  admirable. 

Woodstock,  a  post-office  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
St.  Mary's  River. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Ga.,  aboat 
28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  cotton-factory.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Woodstock,  a  post-town,  capital  of  McHenry  co.,  111., 
in  Dorr  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  32  miles  E.  of 
Rockford.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Todd  Seminary 
for  boys,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  pickles.     Pop.  1574. 

Woodstock,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.     P.  1503. 

Woodstock,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.    P.  216. 

Woodstock,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  N.  of  Lawrence. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ey.,  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Crab  Orchard.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodstock,  a  township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.  It  con- 
tains Bryant's  Pond.     Pop.  994. 

Woodstock,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Howard  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore.  Here  is  a  Jesuit 
college  and  divinity  school. 

Woodstock,  Michigan.     See  Kelly's  Corners. 

Woodstock,  township,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1315. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodstock  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Pemigewasset  River,  18  miles  N. 
of  Plymouth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  405. 

Woodstock,  a  post-village  in  Woodstock  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston,  it 
has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  quarries  of  blue  flagstone, 
the  working  of  which  is  the  principal  business  of  the  place. 
The  township  contains  Overlook  Mountain,  which  is  about 
3500  feet  high  and  commands  an  admirable  view.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1945. 

Woodstock,  a  post-village  in  Rush  township.  Cham- 
paign CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-factory.    Pop.  600. 

Woodstock,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Woodstock,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  in  Woodstock  township,  on  the  Quechee  River, 
and  on  the  Woodstock  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  White 
River  Junction.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  woollen -factory,  several  machine-shops,  saw-mills. 


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planing-mills,  fiour-mills,  <fcc.  In  the  centre  of  the  village 
IS  a  park,  on  which  are  situated  many  iine  buildings.  Pop. 
in  1890  1218.  The  township  contains  Taftsville,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  2545.  Woodstock  Station  on  the  Vermont  Central 
Railroad  is  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  White  River  Junction. 

Woodstock)  a  hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  32  miles 
from  Franklin  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Woodstock, ,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  the  fertile  Shenandoah  Valley,  1  mile 
W.  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on 
the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  63 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  a  graded  school,  and  a  foundry 
and  machine-shop.     Pop.  859. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  about 
54  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
grist-mills. 

Wood'stock,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Oxford,  on  the  river  Thames  and  Cedar 
Creek,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  49  miles  W.  of 
Hamilton,  and  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  London.  It  is  a  place 
of  considerable  trade,  has  good  water-power,  and  contains, 
besides  the  county  buildings,  8  churches,  13  hotels,  65 
stores,  2  branch  banks,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly 
newspapers,  grist-mills,  oat-  and  woollen-mills,  and  several 
furniture-factories.  It  has  2  literary  institutes,  and  a  flour- 
ishing educational  establishment  with  nearly  200  students 
and  a  full  staff  of  professors  and  teachers.  This  place  is 
visited  by  large  numbers  of  Americans  in  the  summer. 
Pop.  in  1891,  5373. 

Woodstock,  an  incorporated  town  of  New  Brunswick, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Carleton,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river 
St.  John,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  New  Brunswick  & 
Canada  Railway,  94  miles  N.  of  St.  Andrews,  and  at  the 
W.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  New  Brunswick  Railway, 
61  miles  N.W.  of  Fredericton,  and  130  miles  from  St.  John. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  college,  a  convent,  a  grammar- 
school,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  a 
number  of  stores,  several  hotels  and  mills,  and  manufac- 
tories of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, leather,  furniture,  &c.  Extensive  deposits  of  red 
hematite  iron  ore  are  found  a  short  distance  above  the 
town,  along  the  banks  of  the  Meduxnikeag,  at  its  entrance 
into  the  St.  John.  Large  quantities  of  this  iron  have  been 
exported  to  England  for  use  in  plating  heavy-armored  ships. 
Woodstock  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  in  1891,  2487. 

Woodstock  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodstock 
township,  Windham  co..  Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Willimantic.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
a  manufactory  of  roller-cloth. 

Woods'town,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Polesgrove  township,  on  Salem  Creek,  3  miles  from  York- 
town  Station,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Salem,  and  24  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Wood's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Clarksville.   It  has  a  grist-mill.   Pop.  50. 

Woods'ville,  a  post-village  in  Haverhill  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lower  Ammonoosuc,  opposite  the  village  of  Wells 
River,  Vt.,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  White  Mountain  Railroad,  93  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Concord. 

Woodsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Trenton. 

Woodsville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Middletown. 

Wood'vale,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Johnstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a 
woollen-factory. 

Woodview,  Morrow  co.,  0.    See  Woodbury. 

Wood'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Hunts- 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  7  miles 
from  Tipton  Station  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Visalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Waterbury. 
It  has  a  church. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Athens  Branch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Athens,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Greensborough.  It  hw  a 
church. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  on  the 
Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quinoy 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quinoy. 


Woodville,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  111.    Pop.  13&3 

Woodville,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lo- 
gansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Logansport. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ind.,  about  48 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  oo.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Decorah. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Paducah.     It  has  an  academy. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Campbellsville.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Sagar 
Tree  Spring. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Wood- 
ville Plantation,  57  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Woodville,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.    See  Aquasco. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Worcester. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  boots. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  is  at 
Traverse  Road  Station  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Woodville,  a  township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.     P.  679. 

Woodville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilkinson  co., 
Miss.,  35  miles  S.  of  Natchez,  15  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Bayou  Sara,  La.  It  contains  7 
churches  (2  colored),  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Woodville  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  a  railroad  which  connects  it  with  Bayou  Sara. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Macon.     It  has  2  dry-goods  stores. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in  Hopewell 
township,  3  miles  from  Hopewell  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  li  milei 
from  Roysfield. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Ellisburg  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  on  North  Sandy  Creek,  about  2  miles  from 
Lake  Ontario,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  a  fiour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  sash,  and  blinds. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  in  West  Sparta  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Dansville.  It  haa  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Canan- 
daigua  Lake,  at  its  head  or  S.  end,  16  miles  S.  of  Canan- 
daigua.     It  has  a  hotel  and  2  or  3  warehouses. 

Woodville,  a  township  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1636. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perquimans  co.,  N.C,  60 
miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     It  has  3  churches. 

Woodville,  Clermont  co.,  0.     See  West  Woodvill*. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Woodville  township,  San- 
dusky CO.,  0.,  on  Portage  River,  and  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin 
&  Eastern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo,  and  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Elmore.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Toledo  &  AVoodville  Rail- 
rotul.     Pop.  about  600. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
Chartiers  Creek  and  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Woodville,  a  village  in  North  Providence  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Centredale.  It  has  dye- 
ing- and  bleach-works.  A  line  of  omnibuses  connects  it 
with  Providence.     Pop.  132. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  R.I.,  on 
Wood  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Stonington  A  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  about  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  136. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Woodville,  apost-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,Tenn.,  about 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Woodville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tyler  oo.,  Tex., 
about  110  miles  N.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a 
high  school. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Ya., 
about  44  miles  S.  of  AVinchester, 

Woodville,  a  township  of  Calumet  oo..  Wis.     P.  1329. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  oo..  Wis.,  on  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Baldwin. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Hants  oo..  Nova  Sootia, 
6  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  100. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
2  railways,  58  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Hope,  and  63  milM 


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N.N.E.  of  Toronto.    It  contains  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill, 
6  stores,  and  3  hotels.    Pop.  400. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  in  Kings  eo.,  Nova  Scotia,  2J 
miles  from  Cambridge.     Pop.  300. 

Woodville  Plautation,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.     Pop.  170. 

Woott'ward,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Florence,  El  Dorado  &  "Walnut  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  El  Dorado. 

Woodward,  a  post-hamlet  in  Haines  township,  Centre 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  whisky. 

Woodward,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    P.  5105. 

Woodward,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     P.  1061. 

Woodward,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     P.  737. 

WoodAvard,  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.     See  Yonguesville. 

Woodward's  Creek,  a  post-oflice  of  Estill  co.,  Ky. 

Woodward's  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buflfalo.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Wood'wardville,a  post-office  ofAnne  Arundel  CO.,  Md. 

Wood' worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  in 
Ash  Grove  township,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milford.  It  has  2 
churches. 

WoodAVOrth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Boardman  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Youngstown.  It  has 
4  steam  saw-mills. 

Woodworth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bristol  township,  Ke- 
nosha CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Kenosha  <fc  Rockford  line  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Woodworth  Bay,  a  settlement  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  13  miles  from  Port  Williams 
Station.     Pop.  100. 

Wood'yard,  a  station  in  Edgar  co..  111.,  on  the  Paris 
&  Danville  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Woodyard,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bloomington,  Ind. 

Woodyards,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Woody  Island,  in  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  is 
10  miles  from  Harbor  BufiFet. 

Woody's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  Ind. 

Woo-Hoo,  a  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of  Ngan- 
Hoei,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  about  60  miles  above  Nan- 
king. It  has  a  trade  in  silk  goods,  tea,  cotton,  Ac,  which 
is  facilitated  by  several  canals.     Pop.  about  40,000. 

Wool,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  111. 

Wool'dale,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  West 
Riding,  5  miles  S.  of  Huddersfield.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  stuflFs.     Pop.  4454: 

Wool'er,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  TUl,  46  miles 
N.W.  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.  Pop.  1610.  The  town  is 
situated  on  the  declivity  of  the  Cheviot  Hills.  In  the 
vicinity  are  remains  of  ancient  fortifications,  and  a  stone 
pillar  commemorative  of  the  victory  of  the  Percies  over  the 
Scots  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV. 

Wool'er,  or  Smith's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  Cold  Creek,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Trenton.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill. 
Pop. 120. 

Woolfolk,  wSSI'fSk,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

Wooli,  woo'lee,  a  state  of  West  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
having  N.  Bambook. 

Woolima,  wool'e-mi%  written  also  Voulima,  a  river 
of  West  Africa,  Mandingo  country,  falls  into  the  Senegal. 

Woo-Iiing-Shan,  or  Wou-Ling-Chan,  a  moun- 
tain of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee.  Lat.  40°  43'  N.  j 
Ion.  117°  27'  E. 

Woollam,  w551'lam,  a  post-office  of  Qasconade  co., 
Mo.,  about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Woolley's  (w651'liz)  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co., 
Ga.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Gainesville. 

Wooll'ya,  a  native  settlement  of  South  America, 
Terra  del  Fuego,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Navarin  Island. 
Lat.  55°  S. ;  Ion.  68°  W.  It  is  of  pleasing  appearance, 
rising  gently  from  the  water-side  into  moderate  hills, 
clothed  with  the  finest  timber  in  the  country,  is  well 
watered,  and  has  rich  grass. 

Wool'stock,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Woolstock  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Webster  City. 

Wool'ton,  or  Much  Woolton,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Lancaster,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Prescott.     Pop.  4643. 

Woolwich,  wool'itch  or  wool'ij,  a  town  and  formerly  a 
naval  port  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  Thames,  7  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  now  included  in  the 
metropolis.  Pop.  35,597.  The  town,  about  1  mile  in 
length,  is  on  an  elevated  site,  separated  from  the  Thames 


by  the  dock-yard.  It  has  2  churches,  several  chapels  and 
dissenters'  meeting-houses,  numerous  schools,  and  a  theatre. 
The  dock-yard,  the  most  ancient  in  the  kingdom,  has  been 
enlarged  of  late  years,  and  has  some  very  fine  docks.  Wool- 
wich has  the  largest  arsenal  in  Britain,  covering  more  than 
100  acres,  and  containing  nearly  24,000  pieces  of  ordnance, 
besides  other  warlike  materials  for  the  army  and  navy,  a 
royal  laboratory,  Ac.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  royal 
horse-  and  foot-artillery  and  royal  sappers  and  miners,  for 
whom,  and  other  corps,  there  are  extensive  barracks  here. 
On  a  fine  parade-ground,  S.  of  the  town,  are  a  repository  for 
military  models  and  an  observatory.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
roynl  military  academy  for  engineering  and  artillery. 

Wool'wich,  a  post-village  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me.,  in 
Woolwich  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River, 
and  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Railroad,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Bath. 
The  township  contains  6  churches,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  an  inlet  of  the  sea.  About  80,000  tons  of  ice  are 
exported  from  it  annually.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1168. 

Woon,  or  Wun,  woon,  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,  about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Chanda.     Pop.  3882. 

Woo^nasquatnck'et,  or  Wo^nasquatock'et,  a 
small  stream  of  Providence  co.,  R.I,,  flows  S.E.,  and  falls 
into  Narragansett  Bay  at  Providence. 

Woon^sock'et,  a  city  of  Rhode  Island,  and  one  of  the 
capitals  of  Providence  co.,  is  situated  at  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  state,  on  both  sides  of  the  Blackstone 
River,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Providence,  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston,  and  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  is  on  the 
Worcester  division  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  and  the  central  division  of  the  New  York  & 
New  England  Railroad.  Branch  trains  connect  with  the 
main  line  (eastern  division)  of  the  New  York  &  New  Eng- 
land Railroad,  which  passes  li  miles  N.  of  the  centre  of 
the  city.  Woonsocket  contains  6  national  banks,  4  savings- 
banks  (with  deposits  of  over  $7,000,000),  a  building  and 
loan  association,  public  and  free  schools  (including  high, 
manual-training,  and  kindergarten  schools),  the  Harris  In- 
stitute (with  a  free  library  of  20,000  volumes),  3  daily  (1  in 
French)  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  12  churches,  16  religious 
societies,  with  parochial  and  convent  schools,  and  parish- 
house  theatre,  gymnasiums,  etc.  It  has  a  county  court- 
house (erected  in  1895),  an  opera-house,  a  public  cottage 
hospital,  water-works,  electric  street-railway,  streets  lighted 
by  electricity,  and  other  modern  municipal  conveniences. 
Eight  highway  bridges  span  the  Blackstone,  one  (com- 
pleted in  1895)  costing  $300,000.  Over  100  acres  are  in 
public  parks.  The  city  is  the  trading  centre  of  northern 
Rhode  Island  and  adjoining  Massachusetts  towns.  The 
prosperity  of  the  city  is  chiefly  due  to  its  manufacturing. 
There  are  ten  cotton-cloth  manufactories,  employing  2700 
persons;  8  woollen-  and  worsted-mills,  employing  1800;  2 
rubber-shoe-factories,  1500;  and  manufactories  of  knit- 
goods,  wringers,  mill  and  general  machinery,  boxes,  harness- 
pads,  spools  and  bobbins,  and  other  products,  1500  more. 
There  is  extensive  water-power.  More  than  half  the  in- 
habitants are  of  French-Canadian  nativity.  Pop.  in  1880, 
16,050;  in  1890,  20,830;  in  1895  (estimated),  27,000. 

Woos'ter,  a  post-office  of  Kosoiusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  .Wayne  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Warsaw. 

Wooster,  a  post-village  in  Cedar  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Big  Cedar  Creek,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Fairfield. 

Wooster,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  is  situ- 
ated on  Killbuck  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Massillon,  40  miles  E. 
of  Mansfield,  and  about  55  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cleveland.  _  It 
is  well  built,  and  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  and  undulating 
country,  of  which  it  commands  an  extensive  view.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  University  of  Wooster  (Presbyterian),  which 
was  organized  in  1870  and  has  15  instructors  and  about 
165  students.  Wooster  contains  13  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  has  manufactures  of  engines,  reapers,  mowers,  flour, 
threshing-machines,  furniture,  organs,  brushes,  wagons, 
whips,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  6840;  in  1890,  5901. 

Woos'tertown,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Woo-Sung,  a  small  maritime  town  of  China,  province 
of  Kiang-Soo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Woo-Sung  River,  10 
miles  N.  of  Shang-Ha'i.  It  was  strongly  fortified  by  the 
Chinese,  but  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1843. 

Woo^sung',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Dixon. 

Woot'ton-Bas'set,  a  disfranchised  borough,  market- 
town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Great 
Western  Railway,  6  miles  W.  of  Swindon.    Pop.  of  parish, 


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I 


2392.  The  town  has  a  market-house  in  its  centre.  The 
church  is  an  ancient  structure,  and  here  are  also  a  chapel 
for  Independents,  and  an  endowed  grammar-school. 

Worb,  ^oRp,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  of  parish,  3066. 

Worbis,  ^OR'bis,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  43  miles 
N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  1939. 

Worbis,  Breiten,  bri't§n  ^OR'ois,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Worbis,  on  the  "Wipper. 
Pop.  1904. 

Worcester,  woos't^r,  or  Worcestershire,  woos't^r- 
shir,  an  inland  county  of  England,  with  a  very  irregular 
outline  and  many  detached  portions,  but  mostly  bounded 
by  the  cos.  of  Warwick  on  the  E.,  Gloucester  on  the  S., 
Hereford  on  the  W.,  and  Salop  and  Stafford  on  the  N. 
Area,  738  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  413,755.  It  is  fer- 
tile, well  watered,  and  richly  wooded.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Severn,  and  its  aflfluents  the  Avon  and  Teme,  all  having  a 
S.  course.  The  Malvern  Hills  in  the  S.W.  separate  it  from 
Herefordshire.  Wheat  is  extensively  raised ;  hops  are  an 
important  crop  in  some  parts ;  orchards  are  numerous,  and 
5  great  deal  of  cider  and  perry  is  made.  Coal  is  found  at 
Dudley;  in  a  N.  detached  district  at  Droitwich  are  brine 
springs;  building-stone  and  clay  are  other  chief  minerals. 
Carpets  are  made  at  Kidderminster,  glass-  and  iron-wares 
at  Dudley  and  Stourbridge,  gloves  and  porcelain  at  Wor- 
cester, and  needles  and  fish-hooks  at  Redditch.  Numerous 
canals,  and  the  Birmingham  &  Gloucester  Railway,  inter- 
sect the  county.  Worcestershire  is  divided  into  10  divisions, 
in  the  diocese  of  Worcester,  and  Oxford  circuit.  After 
Worcester,  the  capital,  the  principal  towns  are  Evesham, 
Droitwich,  Kidderminster,  Dudley,  Oldbury,  Malvern,  and 
Stourbridge.  The  county  with  its  boroughs  sends  eight 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Worcester,  a  city  and  parliamentary  and  municipal 
borough  of  England,  a  county  of  itself,  and  capital  of  the 
county  of  Worcester,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Severn,  with 
stations  on  branch  lines  of  the  Great  Western  and  Midland 
Railways,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  of  city  in 
1891,  42,905.  It  is  one  of  the  best-built  and  handsomest 
cities  in  the  kingdom.  The  streets  are  regular,  wide,  and 
well  paved.  On  the  S.  the  cathedral  and  college  precincts 
occupy  an  extensive  area.  The  cathedral  was  founded  in 
680;  the  present  edifice,  dating  from  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury, is  an  elegant  plain  Gothic  building,  with  a  fine  cen- 
tral tower  200  feet  in  height.  Adjoining  it  are  the  cloisters, 
with  residences  of  the  cathedral  dignitaries,  the  chapter- 
house, with  a  valuable  library,  a  large  ancient  hall,  now 
occupied  by  the  King's  school,  and  the  bishop's  palace.  It 
has  several  churches,  the  principal  of  which  are  St.  An- 
drews, St.  Clement,  and  St.  Nicholas,  besides  chapels  for 
Roman  Catholics,  Independents,  Calvinists,  Baptists,  and 
Wesleyans,  and  Huntingdon  and  Friends'  meeting-houses. 
It  has  a  guild  hall,  county  court,  county  and  city  jails,  mar- 
ket-house, house  of  industry,  county  infirmary,  buildings 
of  various  schools  and  charity  institutions,  a  museum  of 
natural  history,  a  theatre,  a  royal  grammar-school,  founded 
by  Henry  VIII.,  a  free  grammar-school,  founded  by  Queen 
Elizabeth,  Lancasterian  and  several  other  endowed  schools, 
several  hospitals  and  charities,  a  female  penitentiary,  oph- 
thalmic, lying-in,  and  other  medical  institutions,  a  dis- 
pensary, and  humane  and  other  societies.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  china-wares,  gloves,  lace,  spirits,  leather, 
nails,  and  turned  wares.  There  are  extensive  iron-works 
on  the  canal  and  river-banks ;  and  the  city  is  the  centre 
of  a  large  trade  in  corn  and  hops.  Warehouses  and  quays 
border  the  Severn,  which  is  here  navigable  for  large  barges, 
and  Worcester  is  the  entrep6t  for  a  large  and  populous  dis- 
trict. It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Under  the  name  of  Caer  Ouorangon,  it  was  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  the  ancient  Britons,  and  in  the  early  Saxon 
period  became  the  second  bishopric  in  Mercia. 

Worcester,  woos't^r,  the  most  southeastern  county  of 
Maryland,  bordering  on  Delaware,  has  an  area  of  about 
475  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Pocomoke  River.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  cedar,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Baltimore 
A  Eastern  Shore  and  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Balti- 
more Railroads.  Capital,  Snow  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,419; 
in  1880,  19,539;  in  1890,  19,747. 

Worcester,  woos't^r  or  woors't^r,  the  largest  and  most 

central  county  of  Massachusetts,  borders  on  Connecticut, 

Rhode  Island,  and  New  Hampshire.  Area,  about  1551  square 

miles.    It  is  drained  by  the  Assabet,  Blaokstone,  Chioopee, 

180 


Miller's,  French,  Nashua,  Quinebaug,  and  Ware  Riren, 
which  rise  in  it  and  run  in  various  directions,  affording 
abundant  water-power.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  In  the  N.  central  part  of  the  county,  Wachusett 
Mountain  rises  to  the  height  of  2018  feet.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  milk,  potatoes, 
cheese,  Indian  corn,  and  apples  are  the  staple  products. 
Gneiss,  mica,  slate,  and  granite  underlie  a  large  part  of  the 
soil.  The  chief  manufactures  are  boots  and  shoes,  cotton 
goods,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston 
&  Albany,  Boston  A  Maine,  Fitchburg,  and  other  rail- 
roads. Capitals,  Worcester  and  Fitchburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
192,716;  in  1880,  226,897;  in  1890,  280,787. 

Worcester,  a  city  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Blackstone  River,  in  lat.  42°  16'  17"  N.,  Ion. 
71°  48'  13"  W.,  and  on  several  railways,  the  chief  of  which 
are  the  Boston  A  Albany,  the  Providence  A  Worcester,  the 
Norwich  A  Worcester,  the  Worcester,  Nashua  A  Rochester, 
and  the  Fitchburg.  It  is  44  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  43  miles 
N.W.  of  Providence,  R.I.,  and  is  near  the  geographical  cen- 
tre of  the  state.  It  is  laid  out  rather  with  reference  to  the 
irregular  and  diversified  surface  than  to  any  mathematical 
plan,  and  has  an  unusually  large  number  of  fine  build> 
ings,  public  and  private,  numerous  lines  of  street  railway 
on  which  both  electric  and  horse-cars  are  used,  a  good 
water  supply  from  two  distinct  sources,  gas-  and  electric- 
light-works,  an  extensive  drainage  system  with  the  largest 
works  for  the  purification  of  sewage  by  chemical  precipita- 
tion in  America,  and  a  well-organized  fire  department.  The 
city  has  important  manufactures  of  a  very  great  variety  of 
articles,  such  as  farm-implements,  boots  and  shoes,  woollens, 
cottons,  all  kinds  of  machinery,  furniture,  card-clothing, 
stone-ware,  tools,  carpets,  wire  goods,  boilers,  hardware, 
musical  instruments,  arms,  wrenches,  corsets,  skates,  en- 
velopes, Ac,  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  being  a 
leading  industry :  in  this  single  branch  there  are  26  manu- 
factories, producing  about  $5,000,000  worth  of  boots  and 
shoes  yearly.  For  the  manufacture  of  woollen  goods  there 
are  about  14  establishments.  The  iron-manufacture  is, 
however,  the  first  in  importance,  one  branch  of  it,  that  of 
wire,  employing  several  thousand  men,  the  wire-mills  being 
the  most  extensive  in  the  world.  Worcester  has  6  national 
banks,  4  savings-banks,  a  clearing-house,  4  private  bank- 
ing-bouses, and  5  insurance  companies,  and  is  the  seat  of 
publication  of  4  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  besides  a 
variety  of  other  periodical  publications.  One  weekly  news- 
paper, the  "  Massachusetts  Spy,"  has  been  published  con- 
secutively for  123  years.  It  has  many  important  publie 
institutions,  among  which  are  2  extensive  state  lunatic  hos- 
pitals, a  city  hospital,  a  home  for  aged  women,  a  home  for 
old  men,  an  orphans'  home,  an  Odd-Fellows'  home,  built 
and  maintained  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  a 
Young  Men's  and  a  Young  Women's  Christian  Association, 
each  owning  a  handsome  and  beautifully-equipped  build- 
ing. The  system  of  public  instruction  is  very  effeotiye, 
with  schools  of  every  grade.  Among  the  more  noted  in- 
stitutions are  the  Jesuit  College  of  the  Holy  Cross,  with 
extensive  buildings  (the  principal  educational  establish- 
ment of  the  Roman  Catholics  in  New  England),  Clark 
University  (founded  in  1887  for  post-graduate  work  in  the 
departments  of  mathematics,  physics,  chemistry,  biology, 
psychology,  and  education,  offering  liberal  fellowships  and 
scholarships  in  these  departments  to  advanced  men), 
Worcester  Academy  (a  Baptist  school  with  a  large  endow- 
ment), the  State  Normal  School,  the  Highland  Military 
Academy,  the  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute  (a  well- 
endowed  institution,  with  costly  workshops  and  laborato- 
ries, and  a  fine  school-building),  2  convents,  schools  for 
Roman  Catholic  children,  a  music  school,  the  Worcester 
Natural  History  Society  (with  a  fine  building,  valuable 
cabinets,  and  a  park  of  40  acres,  on  which  is  maintained 
for  two  months  yearly  a  summer  camp  and  school  for  boys), 
the  Worcester  County  Musical  Association  (which  holds  a 
great  music  festival  yearly),  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society  (with  a  library  of  90,000  volumes  and  valuable 
cabinets),  the  Worcester  Society  of  Antiquity  (which  also 
has  a  handsome  building  with  library  and  interesting  his- 
torical collection),  a  free  public  library  and  reading-room 
with  more  than  70,000  volnmes,  a  county  law  library,  a 
mechanics'  association  with  library  and  reading-room,  and 
a  horticultural  hall  and  library.  There  are  76  churches 
of  various  denominations,  and  also  several  independent 
religious  societies.  The  Union  Depot,  for  the  principal 
railways,  is  a  large,  handsome,  and  expensive  granite 
building.    The  ooonty  court-houses,  and  the  high-school 


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building,  among  the  finest  in  New  England,  are  notable 
•and  costly  structures.  There  are  11  public  parks  well  dis- 
tributed in  diflferent  parts  of  the  city,  with  an  area  in  the 
aggregate  of  nearly  400  acres.  In  the  central  park  is  a 
soldiers'  monument,  also  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 
Colonel  Timothy  Bigelow,  of  the  Revolutionary  army. 
Another  park  borders  on  Lake  Quinsigamond,  a  pictu- 
resque sheet  of  water  nearly  six  miles  long,  which  is  the 
chief  suburban  pleasure-resort.  Worcester  (at  first  called 
QuoDsigamog  or  Quinsigamond)  was  settled  in  1675,  but 
afterwards  abandoned  on  account  of  Indian  attacks ;  per- 
manently settled  in  1713;  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1684, 
and  as  a  city  in  1848.  It  has  for  some  years  ranked  as  the 
second  city  of  the  state  in  population.  From  its  numerous 
schools  it  has  been  called  "  the  Academic  City,"  and,  from 
its  situation  and  its  political  and  social  influence,  "the 
heart  of  the  commonwealth."  Within  the  city  limits  are 
several  suburban  villages,  the  area  of  the  municipality 
being  over  36  square  miles.  As  a  railway  centre,  Worcester 
has  also  a  large  and  increasing  trade.  Its  population  has 
rapidly  increased  since  1860.  Pop.  in  1850,  17,049;  in 
1860,  24,960;  in  1870,  41,105;  in  1875,  49,265;  in  1880, 
58,291;  in  1885,  68,389;  in  1890,  84,655. 

Worcester,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  township,  Ot- 
sego CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  62 
miles  W.  of  Albany,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Coopers- 
town.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  grist-mills, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  township  contains 
East  Worcester  and  South  Worcester. 

Worcester,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1 517.     Its  post-office  is  7  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Worcester,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worcester  township, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  9  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  good  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Worcester,  woos't^r,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa, 
80  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cape  Town.     Pop.  3788. 

Worcestershire,  England.    See  Worcester. 

Worden,  wor'd§n,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Hh, 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Worden,  Wisconsin.    See  Doudville. 

Wordingborg,  Denmark.    See  Vordinoboro. 

Woria,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Voria. 

Work'ington,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, at  the  mouth  of  the  Derwent,  7  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Whitehaven.  Pop.  in  1891,  23,522.  The  lower  part 
of  the  town  is  old,  with  narrow  streets,  but  in  the  upper 
part  are  many  good  residences,  and  a  square,  in  which  the 
corn-market  is  held;  it  has  a  handsome  church,  dissenting 
chapels,  assembly-  and  news-rooms,  a  small  theatre,  a  har- 
bor, with  good  quays  and  a  breakwater,  some  ship-building, 
manufactures  of  sail-cloth  and  cordage,  a  valuable  salmon- 
fishery,  and  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity  from  which  much 
coal  is  exported.  At  Workington  Hall,  the  fine  castellated 
mansion  of  the  Curwen  family,  on  a  wooded  height  above 
the  town,  was  a  refuge  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  after  her 
flight  from  Langside. 

Work'sop,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
and  25  miles  N.  of  Nottingham,  on  the  Ryton,  at  the  N. 
extremity  of  Sherwood  Forest,  and  with  a  station  on  the 
Manchester,  Sheffield  &  Lincolnshire  Railway.  P.  10,409. 
.Workum,  woR'kum,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  near  the  Zuyder  Zee,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Leeu- 
warden.     Pop.  3401.     It  has  a  harbor  and  a  fishery.    See 

also  WOUDRICHEM. 

Work'way,  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  containing  the 
villages  of  Nieuw-AfiFara,  Oud-Afi'ara,  Croor,  Longar,  and 
Tree.     It  is  noted  for  its  trepang-fisheries. 

Worlitschka,  ♦oR-litch'ki,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  near 
Landskron,  on  the  Adlerbach.     Pop.  1.300. 

Worlitz,  -froR'lits,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  An- 
halt,  capital  of  a  district,  near  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  small 
lake,  9  miles  E.  of  Dessau.  Pop.  1887.  It  has  a  ducal 
summer  palace,  with  fine  parks  and  gardens. 

Wormditt,  ^oRm'dit,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  43  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Drewenz.  Pop.  4673.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Wormeldingen,  ^oR'm^l-ding^^n,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  and  12  miles  E.  of  Luxemburg,  on 
the  Moselle.     Pop.  1510, 

Wormer,  woR'm§r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Hoorn.     Pop.  1557. 

Wormerveer,  woR^m^r-vaiR',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Haarlem.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3637. 

Wormhoudt,  voR^moo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
n  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dunkirk.     Pop.  1104. 

Wormleysburg,  Pennsylvania.     See  Bridgeport. 


Worms,  an  island  of  the  Baltic.     See  Vormb. 

Worms,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Bormio. 

Worms  (anc.  Borbetom'agus ;  L.  Worma'tia),  a  city  of 
Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of  Rhein-Hessen,  26  milet 
S.E.  of  Mentz,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.  16,597.  It  was  formerly 
an  imperial  city,  and  is  very  ancient,  having  existed  before 
the  arrival  of  the  Romans.  Its  Dom  or  cathedral,  with  10 
towers,  is  externally  one  of  the  finest  Romanesque  churches 
in  the  world.  It  had  a  palace  in  which  Charlemagne  often 
resided.  In  the  thirteenth  century  its  population  is  said  to 
have  amounted  to  70,000.  In  1689  it  was  taken  and  burned 
by  the  French,  the  cathedral  and  a  few  houses  only  having 
escaped  the  flames.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  manufactures  of 
tobacco,  and  trade  in  agricultural  produce  and  in  the  fine 
wines  of  its  vicinity.  Among  many  diets  held  at  Worms, 
the  most  celebrated  were  that  of  1495,  convoked  by  Maxi- 
milian I.,  and  that  of  1521,  before  which  Luther  appeared. 

Worms,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D. 

Wornitz,  a  river  of  Bavaria.     See  Wernitz. 

Worona,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vorona. 

Woronej,  Woronetz,  or  Woronesch,  Russia.  See 
Voronezh. 

Wor'rell's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Newsom's  Depot. 

Worringen,^oR'Ring-9n  (ano.  Burun'cum  f),  a  market- 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cologne,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  4841. 

Wttrrstadt,  voR'stitt,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  province  of  Rhein-Hessen,  capital  of  a  county,  13 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1943. 

Worsham,  wQr'sham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co., 
Tenn.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Hendersonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Worsham,  a  post- village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Farmville,  and  1  mile  from  Hampden  Sid- 
ney College.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  and  25 
residences. 

Wors'Iey,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  6 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bolton.  Pop.  15,837.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Wigan  <!;  Leigh  Canal,  and  has  extensive  coal-mines, 
with  subterranean  canals  and  tunnels  the  total  extent  of 
which  is  estimated  at  18  miles. 

Worteghem,  woR't^-ehSm',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  2635. 

Wortendyke,  wiirt'en-dik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory 
of  cotton  yarn  and  counter-twist  wick.     Pop.  500. 

Wttrth,  <t-oRt,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main, 
34  miles  W.  of  Wiirzburg,  with  a  castle. 

worth,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  14  miles  E.  of  Ratis- 
bon.     Pop.  1439. 

Wftrtn,  the  German  name  of  Woerth-sur-Sauer. 

Worth,  wiirth,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Flint  River,  and  is  drained  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests of  yellow  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  com,  cattle  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Brunswick  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  and  the  Savannah,  Amerious  &  Montgomery 
Railroad  passes  through  its  N.W.  comer.  Capital,  Isabella. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3778;  in  1880,  5892;  in  1890,  10,048. 

Worth,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  408  square  miles.  It  is  inter 
sected  by  Shell  Rock  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Lime 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Iowa  Central 
Railroad,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Rail- 
road, and  other  lines.  Capital,  Northwood.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2892;  in  1880,  7953;  in  1890,  9247. 

Worth,  a  northern  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Grand  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Little 
Platte  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grant  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  5004;  in 
1880,  8203;  in  1890,  8738. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Woodford  co..  111.     Pop.  926. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1166. 

Worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     It  has  a  church. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  632. 


WOR 


2859 


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Worth,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1474. 

Worth,  a  village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    See  Tuscola. 

Worth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Saratoga  township,  Winona 
eo.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  893. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  650. 

Worth,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.  Pop.  1084.  Worth  Post-Office  is 
at  Greenfield. 

Wortham,  wfir'TH§,m,  a  post-rillage  of  Freestone  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  <k  Texas  Central  Railroad,  76  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Dallas.     It  has  4  churches. 

Worth  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worth  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  E.8.B.  of  Adams.  It  has  1 
or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  140, 

Worth 'in  g,  a  maritime  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Sussex, 
on  the  English  Channel,  with  a  station  on  the  South  Coast 
Railway,  10  miles  W.  of  Brighton.  Pop.  7413.  Its  rise 
from  an  insignificant  village  into  a  favorite  watering-place 
was  due  to  the  visits  of  George  III.  Its  climate  is  mild 
and  salubrious,  and  fine  sands  here  extend  along  the  sea 
for  several  miles  on  either  side. 

Worthingtoii,  wiir'THing-t9n,  a  post-village  in  Jeffer- 
son township,  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Evansville  & 
Indianapolis  and  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
bank,  6  churches,  q,  graded  school,  2  spoke-factories,  2 
planing-mills,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  pottery,  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1448. 

Worthington,  a  post-village  in  Dodge  township,  Du- 
buque CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad, 

30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 
Worthington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  3 

miles  from  Anchorage.     It  has  an  academy. 

Worthington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worthington  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  bedstead-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  818. 

Worthington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nobles  co., 
Minn.,  near  Lake  Okabena,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Windsor,  and  92  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a 
United  States  land-office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     P.  (1890)  1164. 

Worthington,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township, 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  near  the  Olentangy  River,  and  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  3  churches  and  the 
Ohio  Central  Normal  School. 

Worthington,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  P.  1876. 

Worthington,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
6  miles  W.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  216. 

Worthington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  River,  about  65 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  127. 

Worthington  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad, 

31  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne.    It  has  a  church  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Worthington's,  a  station  in  Greenup  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Riverton. 

Worthville,wurth'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butts  oo.,Qa., 
18  miles  S.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  church. 

Worthville,  a  station  in  Johnson  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Franklin. 

Worthville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River  and  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <fc  Lexing- 
ton Railroad,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 

Worthville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Worth  township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Watertown.  It  has 
a  church. 

Worthville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Wortley,  wfirt'le,  a  township  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  Manchester  <fc  Sheffield 
Railway,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sheffield.  Pop.  18,923,  exten- 
sively employed  in  the  manufacture  of  woollens,  fire-brioks, 
iron,  and  alum. 

Worton,  wiir't9n,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Kent 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent  County  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.B.  of 
Chestertown.     It  has  a  floral  hall  and  a  race-oourse. 

Woschitz,  Jung,  Bohemia.    See  JoNO-Wozica. 


Woschnik,  ^osh'nik,  written  also  Woischuik,  or 
Woznik,  a  market-town  of  Prussia,  government  and  48 
miles  E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1911. 

Woskresensk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Voskresensk. 

Wosnesensk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yosnesensk. 

Wospork,  the  Wendish  name  of  Weissenberg. 

Wos'singen,  a  market-town  of  Baden,  9  miles  E.  of 
Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1551. 

Wostitz,  ^os'tits,  or  Wlasatice,  a  town  of  the  Aus- 
trian Empire,  in  Moravia,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Briinn. 

Wotawa,  <^o-t&'wi,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  after  a  N.B. 
course  of  60  miles,  joins  the  Moldau  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pisek. 

Wotczin,  Prussia.    See  Konstadt. 

Wotitz,  ^o'tits,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Prague,  with  a  castle  and  2492  inhabitants. 

Wotka,  a  district  of  Russia.     See  Votka. 

Wot'ton,  a  post- village  and  township  in  Wolfe  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  E.  of  Danville.  It  contains  a  church  and 
several  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  200  ;  of  township,  2000. 

Wotton-under-Edge,  woot^9n-und'rij,  a  market- 
town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  17i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Gloucester.  Pop.  2314,  chiefly  employed  in  woollen-mills 
and  hand-loom  weaving. 

Wonbrugge,  wSw-briig'gh^h,  a  village  of  the  Nethei- 
lands,  in  South  Holland,  8  miles  N.B.  of  Leyden.  P.  1737. 

Wondenberg,  wSw'den-bfiRo',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  15  miles  E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2045. 

Woudrichem,  w6w'driK-8m,  or  Workum,  a  strongly 
fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Meuse  and  Waal,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bois-le- 
Duc.     Pop.  1571. 

Won- JLing- Chan,  China.    See  Woo-Likg-Shan. 

Wonw,  wow  or  w6w^,  a  parish  and  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bergen-op- 
Zoom.     Pop.  3141. 

Wow,  w5w,  a  town  of  India,  in  Ouzerat,  capital  of  a 
district  E.  of  the  Runn,  and  167  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Odey- 
poor. 

Woynelow,  ♦oi'n^h-lov^  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stry,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Dniester. 

Woynitz,  ^oi'nitz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  41  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  1184. 

Woyslawice,  ♦oi-sli-^eet'si,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, government  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lublin.     P.  1859. 

Woznik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Woschkik. 

Wra,  a  river  of  Poland.     See  Wkra. 

Wragby,  rag'bee,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lincoln.     Pop.  581. 

Wrangei,  vring'^l,  or  Yrangel,  vring'gh^l  (Great 
and  Little),  two  small  islands  of  Russia,  government  of 
Esthonia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Revel. 

Wrangei  (r&ng'gh^l)  Island,  a  large  island  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Alaska.   On  it  is  Fort  Wrangell  (which  see). 

Wrangei  (or  Wrangell)  Land,  a  large  body  of 
high,  uninhabited  land  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  N.W.  of 
Behring  Strait.  Its  S.E.  extremity  is  in  hit.  70°  40'  N., 
Ion.  178°  51'  W. 

Wranow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Frain. 

Wrath,  Cape.    See  Cape  Wrath. 

Wray's,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  milei 
E.  by  N.  of  Shelbyville. 

Wreak  or  Wreke,  reek,  a  river  of 'England,  co.  of 
Leicester,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county,  flows  S.W. 
past  Melton-Mowbray,  &o.,  and  joins  the  Soar.  Near  this 
junction  it  is  united  with  Leicester  Canal.  Length,  25  miles. 

Wreck  (rSk)  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Yiotoria  oo., 
Cape  Breton  Island,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Ann's  Bay,  19 
miles  from  Englishtown.     Pop.  150. 

Wredenhagen,  vri'd^n-hi'gh^n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Giistrow. 

Wrekin,  r^k'in,  a  noted  hill  of  England,  in  Shropshire, 
2^  miles  S.  of  Wellington,  1320  feet  high. 

Wren,  rSn,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 

Wren,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

Wrentham,  ren'tham,  a  post-village  in  Wrentham 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton, and  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2566. 

Wreschen,  vrdsu'^n,  or  Wrysczyna,  vrish-in'i  (Po- 
lish, Wreeznio,  vrfish'ne-o),  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Posen.  Pop.  4260.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth. 

Wrex'ham ,  a  town  of  North  Wales,  chiefly  in  the  co. 
of  Denbigh,  but  partly  in  the  co.  of  Flint,  with  a  station 
on  the  Shrewsbury  &  Chester  Railway,  12  miles  S.W.  of 


WRI 


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Chester.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  9547.  The  town, 
sonsisting  of  several  spacious  streets  crossing  one  another 
at  right  angles,  has  some  substantial  houses.  The  church, 
formerly  collegiate,  is  a  fine  edifice  of  the  time  of  Henry 
VII.,  178  feet  in  length,  72  feet  in  width,  with  a  highly 
decorated  tower  135  feet  in  height.  Wrexham  has  iron- 
works, paper-mills,  and  an  active  trade  in  flannel,  coal,  and 
lead  from  adjacent  mines. 

Wrietzen,  vreet's^n,  Wriezen,  or  Brietzen,  a 
walled  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Oder,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  7920.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens,  hosiery,  tobacco,  and  leather. 

Wright,  rite,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  and  Boone  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  Eagle  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  com, 
oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  The  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Mason  City  <k 
Fort  Dodge  Railroad  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Clarion. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2392;  in  1880,  5062;  in  1890,  12,057. 

Wright,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Crow 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Crow 
River.  The  South  Fork  of  the  Crow  unites  with  the  North 
Fork  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  many  little  lakes  (of  pure 
water),  some  of  which  have  no  visible  outlet.  Forests  of 
the  ash,  elm,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  a  large 
part  of  the  surface.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  &  Sault  Ste.  Marie 
Railroad,  Capital,  BuflFalo.  Pop.  in  1870,  9457 ;  in  1880, 
18,104;  in  1890,  24,164. 

Wright,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Gas- 
conade River,  which  runs  northward,  and  by  Bryant's 
Fork  (of  White  River),  which  rises  here  and  runs  south- 
ward. The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  maple,  pine, 
<fcc.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Copper  and  lead  are 
eaid  to  be  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Hartville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5684;  in  1880,  9712;  in  1890,  14,484. 

Wright,  a  post-township  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  contains  5  churches,  and 
yields  abundance  of  excellent  coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1500. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1089. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1980. 

Wright,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Pop.  2064.  It  contains  the 
village  of  Berlin. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1504. 

Wright,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  603. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Darlington  oo.,  S.C.    Pop.  1535. 

Wright,  or  Victoria  Farm,  a  post- village  in  Ot- 
tawa CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Gatineau,  63  miles  N.  of  Ottawa. 
It  contains  a  hotel,  3  stores,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Wright  City,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  at  Wright's 
Station,  52  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.   P.  465. 

Wright's,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
South  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  63  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Wright's,  Greene  co..  111.    See  Wrightsville. 

Wright's,  a  township  of  Morgan  co..  111.     Pop.  2022. 

Wright's,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  <fc 
Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  Ind. 

Wright's,  a  post-office  of  McEean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Buf- 
falo &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

Wright's,  Jackson  co..  Wis.    See  Wrightsville. 

Wright's  Blnff,  a  post-village  and  landing-place  of 
Clarendon  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Santee  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Manning. 

Wrightsborongh,  rlts'bHr-rtlh,  a  hamlet  of  MoDuffie 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 

Wrights  borough,  a  station  of  the  Wilmington  & 
Weldon  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  N.C. 

Wrightsborongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex., 
24  miles  S.  of  Harwood. 

Wright's  Bridge,  a  post-office  o'  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
on  Tittabawassee  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Sanford. 

Wrightsburg,  rits'bQrg,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ky., 
on  Green  River,  6  miles  from  Sebree.     Coal  is  found  here. 


Wright's  Corner,  Ontario.    See  Alqonquih. 

Wright's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenoeburg. 

Wright's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  oo., 
N.T.,  3  miles  from  Lockport.     It  has  a  church. 

Wrights'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo..  Pa.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Fulton  House. 

Wright's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Prairie  du  Chien. 

Wright's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111. 

Wright's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Mississippi  co.,  Ark^ 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  100  miles  above  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Wright's  Station,  Missouri.    See  Wright  Citt. 

Wrights'town,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail  oo.,  Minn., 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Otter  Tail  City. 

Wrightstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Wrightstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wrightstown  town- 
ship, Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  of  the  township,  823. 

Wrightstown,  a  post- village  in  Wrightstown  town 
ship.  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Green  Bay,  and 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Appleton.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill, 
&o.     Pop.  about  500  ;  of  the  township,  2295. 

Wrignts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  3 
miles  from  Fourche  Landing  (on  Arkansas  River),  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

WrightsviHe,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Johnson  oo., 
Ga.,  about  66  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Wrightsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  HI.,  at 
Wright's  Station  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Loaii 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wrightsville,  a  village  of  Meade  oo.,  Ey.,  1^  miles 
from  the  Ohio,  and  4J  miles  from  Muldraugh.     Pop.  250. 

Wrightsville,  an  eastern  suburb  of  Camden,  N.J. 

Wrightsville,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  township,  Adams 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  15  miles  above  Maysville,  Ey. 
Pop.  63.    Here  is  Vineyard  Hill  Post-Office. 

Wrightsville,  a  village  in  Homer  township,  Morgan 
00.,  0.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Salina.  It  has  a  church.  Oil  is 
found  near  it. 

Wrightsville,  Warren  co..  Pa.    See  Frebbold. 

Wrightsville,  a  post-borough  in  Hellam  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  W.  (right)  bank  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  opposite  Columbia,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  York.  It 
is  connected  with  York  by  the  York  Branch  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  here  cross  the  river 
on  a  bridge  1  mile  long.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  iron  and  1am- 
ber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1912. 

Wrightsville,  a  hamlet  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Holston  River,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Enoxville. 

Wrightsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  in 
Alma  township,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  at 
Wright's  Station,  8  miles  N.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has 
a  basket-factory. 

Writ'tle,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
2J  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chelmsford.     Pop.  2425. 

Wrka,  a  river  of  Poland.    See  Wkra. 

Wrockwardine,  rok'war-din,  a  village  and  parish  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop,  2  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Wellington,  with 
an  ancient  church  of  red  stone.     Pop.  4910. 

Wronke,  vron'k^h,  or  Wronki,  vron'kee,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Poland,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Posen,  on  the  Warta, 
and  on  the  Stettin  &  Posen  Railway.  Pop.  2687.  It  has 
woollen-cloth  factories. 

Wrotham,  rSth'^m,  a  village  and  parish  of  England, 
00.  of  Kent,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Maidstone.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  one  ancient  and  spacious,  the  remains  of  an 
archbishop's  palace.     Pop.  3201. 

Wrox'eter,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Maitland,  and  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railway, 
109  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  2  churches,  a 
large  saw-mill,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  a  cabinet-factory, 
a  flouring-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  several  carriage-  and 
wagon-factories,  and  four  grain-warehouses.  A  cattle-fair 
is  held  monthly.     Pop.  700. 

Wruteck,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Rudig. 

Wrysczyna.    See  Wreschen. 

Wscherau,  vshi'row,  or  Scherau,  sh4'r5w,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  circle  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pilsen.     P.  1303. 

Wschowa,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Fraustadt. 


WSE 


2861 


WUR 


Wsetin,  or  Wszetin,  vsi-teen'  or  vsi'tin,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Hradisoh.     P.  3417. 

Wu- Chang,  a  town  of  China.    Seo  Woo-Chano. 

Wadd,  wild,  a  town  of  Belooohistan,  province  of  Jhal- 
awan,  in  the  Plain  of  Wudd,  110  milea  S.  of  Kelat.  Lat. 
37°  19'  N.;  Ion.  66"  31'  E. 

Wnd^wan',  a  town  of  India,  in  Eattywar,  54  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ahmedabad.  Lat.  22°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  47'  E. 
Pop.  17,389. 

Wu-Hu,  a  town  of  China.     See  Woo-Hoo. 

Wakari,  woo-k&'ree,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Benuwe,  300  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kano.  It. is  the  capital 
of  a  province  or  kingdom,  is  very  populous,  and  the  seat 
of  active  native  industries. 

Wukumoto,  woo-koo-mo'to,  a  town  of  Japan,  province 
of  Fizen,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.     Lat.  32°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  130°  E. 

Wulen,  a  Polish  name  of  Filehne. 

Wiilflingen,  wiilfling-^n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  It  is 
overhung  by  an  old  castle,  and  has  a  church  with  inter- 
esting tombs.     Pop.  2346. 

Wtilfrath,  ♦lilfrit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Dusseldorf,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elberfeld.  It 
has  manufactures  of  hardware  and  cotton  and  woollen 
fabrics.     Pop.  6073. 

Wul'ur,  or  Wnl'Ier,  a  lake  of  Cashmere,  formed  by 
an  expansion  of  the  Jhylum,  IS  miles  N.W.  of  Serinagur ; 
greatest  length,  from  W.  to  E.,  21  miles;  breadth,  about  9 
miles.  It  produces  singara,  or  water-nuts,  abundantly. 
These  nuts,  the  seeds  of  the  Trapa  bispinoaa,  are  obtained 
by  dredging  between  two  boats,  as  for  oysters  on  our  coasts. 

Wulveringhem,  wiil'v§r-ing-6hfim\  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  on  the  canals  from  Loo  and  Bergues 
to  Furnes,  3  miles  S.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  1034. 

Wtimme,  ♦iim'm^h,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ger- 
many, joins  the  Weser  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen,  the  terri- 
tory of  which  it  bounds  on  the  N.  Chief  affluents,  the 
Humme  and  Worpe  from  the  N.,  and  the  Lesum  from  the 
E.     Length,  75  miles. 

Wun,  a  town  of  India.     See  Woon. 

Wun'ga,  a  small  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  E.  branch  of 
the  Indus,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Wunnenberg,  ^un'n^n-bfiao^  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  14  miles  S.  of  Paderborn.     Pop.  1410. 

Wiinnewyl,  ^lin'n^h-^iP,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Freyburg. 

Wlinschelberg,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Hradek. 

Wausdorf,  ^dons'doRf,  or  Wunstorf,  ^dSns'toRf,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  a  railway,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Hanover.     Pop.  2368. 

Wunsiedel,  ♦SSn'seeM^l,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Rossla,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baireuth.  Pop.  3784. 
It  has  a  marble-quarry,  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  fabrics,  linens,  beer,  flour,  &o. 

Wunzen,  woon'zQn(?),  or  Wanzendake,  woon'z^n- 
d&^k&  (?),  an  active  volcano  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo. 
It  rises  4110  feet  above  sea-level,  nearly  in  the  centre  of 
the  peninsula  of  Simabara.  A  terrible  eruption  from  this 
volcano  took  place  in  1792,  when  the  northern  peak  of 
the  mountain  was  blown  into  the  air,  and  a  stream  of 
boiling  water  issued  from  the  gap  and  poured  down  to  the 
sea,  which  at  the  same  time  overflowed  its  banks.  The 
whole  face  of  the  country  was  changed,  and  50,000  persona 
are  said  to  have  perished. 

Wttpper,  three  rivers  of  Germany.     See  Wippbk. 

Wilpuri,  the  Finnish  name  of  Vibobq. 

Wilrbenthal,  ^uR'b9n-tir,orUrbenthal,  SfiR'b^n- 
t4r,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trop- 
pau.  on  the  Oppa.     Pop.  2275. 

Wur'dah,  or  Wnr'da,  a  river  of  India,  flows  tortu- 
ously S.E.  through  the  centre  of  the  Deccan,  and  joins  the 
(Jodavery  180  miles  N.E.  i/f  Hyderabad.  Length,  300  miles, 
throughout  nearly  all  of  which  it  separates  the  dominions 
of  Berar  and  Hyderabad,  receiving  from  the  former  its 
affluent  the  Wyne-Gunga,  and  from  the  latter  on  the  W. 
the  Payn-Ganga. 

WtirelingeUy^U'r^h-ling-^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Baden. 

Wflrenlos,  '^ii'r^n-los*,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Aargau,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Baden,  on  an 
impetuous  torrent  which  joins  the  Limmat. 

VVurmlingen,  wSSKm'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  circle  of  Black  Forest,  N.E.  of  Kottenburg. 

Wurmlingen,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of  Black 
Forest,  4  miles  N.  of  Tuttlingen.     Pop.  1142. 

Wiirm-See,  wuRm'-si\  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Munich.     Length,  from  S.  to  N.,  12  miles; 


breadth,  4  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus  waters  N.  into 
the  Ammer  by  the  Wiirm,  20  miles  in  length. 

Wnr'na,  a  river  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  rises 
in  the  West  Ghauts,  lat.  17°  18'  N.,  Ion.  73°  46'  E.,  and 
falls  into  the  Kistnah.     Length,  80  miles. 

Wur'no,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  about  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Saocatoo,  on  the  Rima.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Wttr'temberg  (Ger.pron.  <^iiR'tim-b4RG* ;  Fr.  Wur- 
temberg,  viiR't6M'baiu' ;  Sp.  Virtemberg,  veeR-tfim-bfiRg' ; 
It.  Virtemberga,  veeR-tfim-ofiit'gi),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.W. 
of  Germany,  ranking  as  the  third  state  of  the  German  Em- 
pire, and  bounded  S.E.,  E.,  and  N.E.  by  Bavaria,  N.W., 
W.,  and  S.W.  by  Baden,  and  S.  by  Switzerland,  from  which 
it  is  partly  separated  by  the  Lake  of  Constance.  Capital, 
Stuttgart.  Length,  140  miles ;  breadth,  20  to  100  miles. 
It  is  divided  into  the  circles  of  Ncckar,  Black  Forest, 
Danube,  and  Jaxt.     Area  and  pop.  as  follows : 


Circles. 

8q.  miles. 

Pop.  (1890). 

1283 
1843 
2418 
1986 

666,049 
481,334 
487,148 

Black  Forest 

Jaxt 

402,991 

Total 

7530 

2,036,522 

The  territory  belongs  to  the  basins  of  the  Rhine  and  Dan- 
ube. Its  surface  is  mountainous,  except  in  the  S.,  the 
principal  chain  being  that  of  the  Swabian  Alps,  which 
unites  on  the  S.W.  with  the  Black  Forest  and  separates  the 
basins  of  the  Neokar  and  Danube.  The  highest  points 
are  not  more  than  3800  feet.  The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Danube  and  Neckar,  the  latter  of  which  drains  the  greater 
part  of  the  kingdom.  A  portion  of  the  Lake  of  Constance 
belongs  to  WUrtemberg,  and  there  are  many  small  lakes  in 
the  S.,  the  chief  of  which  is  the  Feder-See.  Climate  in 
general  temperate  and  healthy,  but  variable.  Temperature 
ranges  from  77°  to  86°  Fahr.  in  summer,  and  from  6°  to  10° 
in  winter.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  in  the  valleys  of  the 
Tauber,  the  Neckar,  and  its  affluents,  and  on  the  Lake  of 
Constance.  Agriculture  has  made  rapid  progress.  The 
potato,  introduced  in  1710,  is  now  the  principal  sustenance 
of  one-fourth  of  the  population.  The  cultivation  of  the 
vine  is  limited  to  the  valleys  of  the  Neckar  and  Tauber,  and 
to  the  shores  of  the  Lake  of  Constance.  The  Neckar  wines 
are  the  best;  some  of  the  others  resemble  Rhenish  wines. 
The  principal  fruits  are  apples,  pears,  prunes,  and  cherries, 
and  fruit-trees  are  cultivated  over  all  the  territory  j  beet- 
root is  grown  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar ;  hemp,  flax, 
tobacco,  and  hops  are  raised  in  small  quantities.  The  Alps 
and  the  Black  Forest  are  covered  with  vast  forests,  which 
yield  valuable  timber.  Horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  exten- 
sively reared.  The  mines,  foundries,  and  salt-works  con- 
stitute the  most  important  branch  of  industry,  and  are 
all  worked  by  the  state.  Iron  and  coal  are  abundant. 
Silver,  copper,  cobalt,  and  lead  are  found  in  small  quan- 
tities, and  there  are  quarries  of  building-stones  and  marble. 
WUrtemberg  has  many  mineral  springs ;  the  best-frequented 
baths  are  those  of  Wildbad,  the  only  thermal  springs  in 
the  territory.  The  manufactures  comprise  linens,  woollens, 
silks,  carpets,  hosiery,  leather,  porcelain,  iron  and  steel 
goods,  and  tobacco ;  breweries  and  distilleries  are  numerous. 
The  transit  trade  is  considerable,  chiefly  by  the  navigation 
of  the  Neckar.  In  1891,  940  miles  of  railway  were  opened. 
WUrtemberg  has  long  been  favorably  distinguished  for  the 
number  and  excellence  of  its  educational  establishments. 
Each  commune  and  each  hamlet  has  its  primary  school, 
attendance  at  which  is  obligatory  on  children  between  the 
ages  of  six  and  fourteen,  and  the  number  at  school  is  in 
the  proportion  of  one  in  six  of  the  population.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Tubingen  is  celebrated,  and  has  an  average  at- 
tendance of  about  1000  students.  There  are  infant  schools 
in  several  of  the  larger  towns,  normal  schools,  polytechnic 
and  military  schools,  and  an  institution  for  young  ladies. 
WUrtemberg  is  a  constitutional  representative  kingdom, 
governed  according  to  the  constitution  of  1819,  with  a  diet 
of  two  chambers.  The  population  is  almost  exclusively 
German  except  a  few  Jews.  In  1890  there  were  1,406. 64S 
evangelical  Protestants,  609,594  Roman  Catholics,  7451 
dissenters,  and  12,639  Jews.  Pop.  in  1890,  2,036,522. 
The  army,  constituting  the  13th  army  corps  of  Germany, 
numbers,  in  time  of  peace,  17,745  men;  in  time  of  war  it 
can  be  raised  to  71,162,  every  male  subject  of  the  legal  age 
being  liable  to  military  duty.  Revenue  and  expenditure, 
about  $11,000,000  each;  public  debt,  about  $70,000,000. 
In  the  fifteenth  century  the  county  of  WUrtemberg,  in 


WUR 


2862 


WYE 


Swabia,  was  erected  into  a  duchy  by  the  Emperor  Maxi- 
milian; this  was  greatly  extended  by  Napoleon  I.,  who 
created  it  an  electorate  in  1803  and  gave  to  its  sovereign 

the  title  of  king  in  1806. Adj.  (Ger.)  WOrtemberq- 

ISCH,  ♦ilR'tSm-bSRG^ish ;  inhab.  WUrtemberger,  ♦iir'tfim- 
MRG^^r. 

Wur'temberg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  Pa.,  on  Slippery  Rock  Creek,  about  34  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wurtlaud,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.    See  Fulton  Lardiitg. 

Wurts'borough,  a  post-village  in  Mamakating  town- 
ship, Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  valley,  on  the  Delaware  A 
Hudson  Canal  and  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  3  churches 
and  1  or  2  tanneries.     Pop.  797. 

Wurzach,  ^SSRt'siK,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  35  miles 
S.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  1139. 

Wiirzbach,  wuRts'biK,  a  village  of  Reuss-Schleitz  (see 
Reuss),  4  miles  W.  of  Lobenstein.     Pop.  1845. 

Wtirzburg,  or  Wnrtzburg,  •<^iiRts'b5SRG,  a  fortified 
town  of  Bavaria,  capital  of  the  circle  of  Lower  Franconia, 
at  the  terminus  of  the  railway  to  Bamberg,  140  miles  N.W. 
of  Munich,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main,  across  which  it 
communicates  by  a  bridge  with  its  citadel  on  the  other  side. 
Pop.  in  1880,  51,014;  in  1890,  60,844.  Among  its  many 
ancient  edifices  are  a  cathedral  of  the  eighth  century,  the 
Marienkirche,  and  the  royal  palace,  formerly  residence  of 
the  bishops,  built  on  the  plan  of  the  palace  of  Versailles, 
with  fine  gardens.  The  University  of  Wiirzburg,  founded 
in  1403,  has  a  library  of  100,000  volumes.  The  city  has 
a  synagogue,  gymnasium,  polytechnic  school,  school  of 
music,  several  hospitals,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  to- 
bacco, leather,  paper,  and  surgical  and  mathematical  instru- 
struments,  boat-building  yards,  and  an  active  river-trade. 
Wiirzburg,  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  of  Germany,  was 
formerly  capital  of  Franconia.  Its  prince-bisfaoprio  was 
secularized  and  the  town  with  its  territory  ceded  to  the 
Archduke  Ferdinand  of  Tuscany  in  1803.  In  1815  it  was 
united  to  Bavaria. 

Wurzen,  ♦55Rt's9n,  a  walled  town  of  Saxony,  15  miles 
E.  of  Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde,  and  on  the  Leipsic  A  Dresden 
Railway.  Pop.  8165.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and 
hosiery,  breweries,  felt  paper-hangings,  and  bleacheries. 

Wilrzsee,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Virtzerv. 

Wushu'tee%  or  Much,  a  mountain-range  of  Beloo- 
chistan,  province  of  Mekran,  stretching  from  E.  to  W., 
about  lat.  28°  N.,  and  between  Ion.  62°  and  64°  E.  Its 
name  of  Much,  or  "  date,"  is  owing  to  the  great  quantities 
of  excellent  dates  produced  in  its  valleys. 

Wustanee,  a  region  of  Egypt.    See  Vostani. 

Wiisten,  ♦Us't^n,  O'ber  and  Nieder,  nee'd^r,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Lippe.     Pop.  1984. 

Wnsterhausen,  ♦SSs't^r-hSw^z^n,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  an  island  in  the 
Dosse,  14  miles  "W.S.W.  of  Nen-Ruppin.     Pop.  3160. 

Wnsterhausen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Notte,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Berlin,  with  a  hunting-seat  built  by  Fred- 
erick William  I.  The  articles  of  peace  between  Prussia 
and  Austria  were  concluded  here  in  1726.     Pop.  1396. 

Wnstrow,  ♦SCs'trov,  a  town  of  Meoklenburg-Schwerin, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  1104. 

Wiistwezel,  wustVi'z§l,  or  Westwezel,  wJstVi'- 
z§l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Antwerp.     Pop.  2104. 

Wutach,  ^oo'tiK,  a  river  of  Baden,  rises  in  the  Feld- 
berg,  flows  N.E.  to  Neustadt,  then  E.S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Rhine  on  the  right,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Wyacon'da,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.    P.  885. 

Wyacon'da  River  rises  in  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  runs 
southeastward  through  Scotland  and  Clarke  cos.  of  Missouri, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  La  Grange.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Wy'aln'sing,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Wyalusing  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
A  New  York  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Towanda.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  about  400.  The  township 
contains  another  village,  named  Camptown.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1707. 

Wyalusing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Wy- 
alusing township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  3i  miles  above 
Clayton,  Iowa,  and  about  7  miles  below  Prairie  du  Chien. 
It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  734. 

Wyalusing  Creelf,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Susque- 
hanna River  in  Bradford  co.  at  Wyalusing. 


Wy'andot,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  404  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  San- 
dusky River  and  Broken  Sword  and  Tymochtee  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  dense  forests  of  the  beech,  white 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wool, 
cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  minerals  are  Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian)  and 
corniferous  limestone  (Devonian),  which  are  good  materials 
for  building.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads,— 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  (now  included  in  the 
Pennsylvania 'Railroad  system),  the  Columbus,  Hocking 
Valley  A  Toledo,  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis.  Capital,  Upper  Sandusky.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,663;  in  1880,  22,395  ;  in  1890,  21,722. 

Wyandot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antrim  township,  Wyan- 
dot CO.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Bucyrus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wy'andot,  or  Spring'brook,  a  post-village  in  Wel- 
lington CO.,  Ontario,  5i  miles  S.S.W.of  Moorefield.  P.  150. 

Wyandot  Cave,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  is  near  Leaven- 
worth, about  30  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  is  several 
miles  in  extent,  attracts  many  visitors,  and  is  said  nearly 
to  equal  the  Mammoth  Cave  of  Kentucky  in  the  size  of  its 
rooms  and  the  extent  of  its  galleries.     See  Cave,  Ind. 

Wyandotte,  wi-an-dot',  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of 
Kansas,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  160 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri 
River,  and  intersected  by  the  Kansas  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas 
City,  Wyandotte  A  Northwestern,  Union  Pacific,  and  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Kansas  City,  which  was 
formed  in  1887.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,015;  in  1875,  12,362; 
in  1880,  19,143;  in  1890,  54,407. 

Wyandotte,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Arkansas. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Wyandotte,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wyandotte  township, 
Butte  CO.,  Cal.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Oroville.  P.  50 ;  of 
township,  731. 

Wyandotte,  two  stations  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  A  Western  and  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroads,  3  miles  above  Kansas  City,  Missouri. 
The  former  city  of  Wyandotte  now  (since  its  consolidation 
with  several  other  places  in  1887)  forms  a  part  of  Kansas 
City,  Kansas. 

Wyandotte,  a  township  of  Wyandotte  oo.,  Kansas, 
contiguous  to  Kansas  City. 

Wyandotte,  a  city  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  De- 
troit River,  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
and  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  De 
troit.  It  has  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  » 
newspaper  office,  2  rolling-mills,  2  blast-furnaces  for  pig- 
iron,  2  planing-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  ship-yard,  Ac.  Farm- 
ing-implements, iron  ships,  iron  plates,  and  iron  rails  are 
made  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3631;  in  1890,  3817. 

Wyanet,  wi'9.n-et,  a  post-village  in  Wyanet  township. 
Bureau  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 8i  miles  W.  of  Princeton,  and  29  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Galva.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  3  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1750. 

Wy'att,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Talla- 
hatchee  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Holly  Springs. 

Wy'attville,  a  post-office  of  Winona  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Winona. 

Wyche  Island.    See  Spitzbergen. 

Wychen,  or  Wijchen,  wi'K^n,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Gelderland,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Nymwegen. 

Wyckoflf,  wi'koflf,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Wyckoff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Paterson.  It 
has  a  church. 

Wyckoff,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Owasco  Lake. 

Wyckoff's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  H 
miles  from  Cranbury  Station.    It  has  a  mill  and  a  tannery. 

Wycliffe,  wik'liflF,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  5i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barnard  Castle.  In  the 
rectory-house  is  a  fine  portrait  of  Wycliffe,  the  Reformer, 
who  is  believed  to  have  oeen  born  here  in  1325. 

Wycombe,  Chipping.     See  Chipping- Wycombe. 

Wycon'dah,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1280. 

Wye,  wi,  a  river  of  England  and  Wales,  rises  on  the  S. 
side  of  Plinlimmon,  co.  of  Montgomery,  near  the  source 
of  the  Severn,  flows  mostly  S.E.,  and,  after  separating  the 
COS.  of  Gloucester  and  Monmouth,  enters  the  estuary  of  the 


WYE 


2863 


WYO 


Berern,  2  miles  S.  of  Chepstow.  Prinoipal  affluents,  the 
Lugg  and  Ithon,  from  the  N.,  and  the  Monnow  and  Irfon, 
from  the  W.  Total  course,  130  miles.  In  the  upper  and 
lower  parts  of  its  course  its  banks  are  precipitous ;  in  Here- 
fordshire it  has  a  very  tortuous  course  through  a  fertile 
country.  It  is  connected  with  the  Severn  by  a  canal  from 
Hereford  to  Gloucester,  and  has  a  valuable  salmon-fishery. 

Wye,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  after  a 
S.E.  couise,  joins  the  Derwent  -i  miles  S.E.  of  Bakewell. 

Wye,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  tributary  to  the  Swan  River, 
00.  of  Glamorgan. 

Wye,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  Canterbury 
Branch  of  the  Southeastern  Railway,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ash- 
ford.    Pop.  1620.    The  village  has  a  bridge  over  the  Stour. 

Wye,  Netherlands.    See  Y. 

Wye,  a  river  of  Maryland,  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay, 
forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  Queen  Anne  and 
Talbot  cos. 

Wye  Island,  an  island  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  in  the 
estuary  of  the  above  river. 

Wye  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Talbot  oc,  Md.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Centreville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Wyhe,  wi'^h,  or  Wyhe,  wi'§h,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
«rland3,  provinpe  of  Overyssel,  9  miles  N.  of  Deventer,  on 
the  Yssel.     Pop.  4058. 

Wyk,  Wyk,  wik,  or  Wiuk-bij-Heusden,  wik  bi 
hois'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bois-le-Duo.   Pop.  of  commune,  1769. 

Wyk,  ^k,  a  seaport-village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  on 
the  S.E.  coast  of  Fohr,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bredstedt. 

Wyk  (or  Wijk),  De,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Drenthe,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen.     P.  of  commune,  2040. 

Wyk-bei-Duarstede,  wik  bi  dilR'st&'d^h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Rhine, 
where  it  gives  off  the  Leek.     Pop.  of  commune,  2770. 

Wy'kertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Branchville. 

Wy'koff,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in  Fill- 
more township,  near  Root  River,  on  the  Southern  Minne- 
sota Railroad,  38  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rushford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  brick-yard,  a  pump-factory,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  5  grain -warehouses.     Pop.  about  450. 

Wyl,  Ml,  or  Weil,  ♦ile,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  15  miles  W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur.  Pop.  2230, 
mostly  linen-  and  cotton-weavers. 

Wylie,  wi'le,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wylie's  (wi'liz)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
8.C.,  on  or  near  the  Catawba  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Wyliesville,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Tex. 

Wylliesburg,  wil'liz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Charlotte 
00.,  Ya.,  6  miles  from  Roanoke  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Wyl'ly,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga. 

Wy'mondhain,  or  Wynd'ham,  a  market-town  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  Eastern  Counties 
Railway,  at  the  divergence  of  the  Fakenham  Branch,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich.  Pop.  of  town,  2150,  partly  em- 
ployed in  manufactures  of  bombazines  and  crapes. 

Wyuaad,  wi'nld',  or  Pan^amburt'-Cot'ta  (Hin- 
doo, Byiiadu),  a  small  district  of  British  India,  in  lat. 
11°  30'  N.,  Ion.  76°  20'  E.,  comprised  in  the  coUectorate  of 
Malabar.  It  produces  the  best  cardamoms  in  India.  The 
village  of  Wynaad  is  60  miles  S.W.  of  Mysore. 

Wynant,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  Newport. 

Wy'nant's  Kill,  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  falls  into  the 
Hudson  2  miles  below  Troy. 

Wynant's  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  North  Greenbush  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  140. 

Wyndham,  England.    See  Wymondham. 

Wyneghein,^i'n9h-6hSm\  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  6  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1111. 

Wyne-Gunga,  Wain-Gunga,  or Wein-Gunga, 
win'gung-ga,  a  river  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  joins  the 
Wurdah  20  miles  S.  of  Chamoory.  Length,  230  miles. 
Principal  affluent,  the  Khahaun,  from  the  N.W. 

Wyuema,  California.    See  Huenbhk. 

Wynetka,  Illinois.    See  Winnetka. 

Wyngene,  wing'Hi-n^h  (Fr.  pron.  v&»«^Ehain'),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  8i  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bruges,     Pop.  6620.     It  has  linen-factories. 

Wynigen,  ♦ee'ne-gh^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Bern,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Burgdorf,  on  the 
Oeschbach.     Pop.  2700. 


Wynkel,  win'k^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
East  Flanders,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2008. 

Wynkel-Sant-£loi,  win'k^l-sint-i-loi',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  21  miles  S.  of  Bruges.  P.  2458. 

Wynkoopsbaai,  or  W^nkoopsbaai,  De,  d^  win- 
kops-b&'i,  a  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  residency  of  Preanger,  between  the 
mouth  of  the  Tjibarenok  and  Point  Sodong-parat.  Off  it 
is  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Wynn,  win,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Richmond. 

WynncAVOod,  win'wood,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  6i  miles  W.  of  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Wynn's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ga. 

Wyunsville,  wlnz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co., 
N.C.,  25  miles  E.  of  Tarborougn.     It  has  a  church. 

Wynnton,  win't9n,  a  village  of  Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  li 
adjacent  to  Columbus,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 

Wynnville,  win'vil,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Wynokie,  Passaic  co.,  N.J.    See  Wamaque. 

Wynoochee,  or  Wynonchee,  wi-noo'chee,  a  small 
river  of  Chehalis  co,,  Washington,  flows  southward,  and 
enters  the  Chehalis  lUver  at  Montesano. 

Wyocena,  wi^-se'na,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Wyocena  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <k 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  270 ;  of  the 
township,  1120. 

Wyoma,  wI-o'm&,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  the 
city  of  Lynn,  1^  miles  from  the  Central  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  morocco-factory. 

Wyoming,  wi-o'ming,  a  western  state  of  the  American 
Union,  bounded  N,  by  Montana,  E.  by  South  Dakota  and 
Nebraska,  S,  by  Colorado  and  Utah,  and  W.  by  Utah,  Idaho, 
and  Montana.  It  is  quadrangular,  and  its  bounding  lines 
are  the  meridians  of  104°  and  111°  W.  and  the  parallels 
of  41°  and  45°  N.     Area,  97,890  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — From  N.W.  to  S.E.  extends  the 
Wind  River  or  main  chain  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  a 
course  parallel  to,  but  at  some  distance  from,  the  diagonal 
line  of  the  state.  The  southwestern  portion  of  the  state 
is  therefore  on  the  Pacific  slope,  and  is  drained  principally 
by  the  Green  and  Snake  Rivers  and  their  many  tributa- 
ries. Its  surface  is  broken  by  mountain-ranges  and  buttes. 
The  Atlantic  or  northeastern  slope  is  drained  by  the  Yel- 
lowstone, Big  Horn,  Powder,  Big  Cheyenne,  and  North 
Platte  Rivers,  and  their  numerous  tributaries, — all  direct 
or  indirect  affluents  of  the  Missouri.  In  the  N.W.  is 
the  Upper  Valley  of  the  Yellowstone,  in  which  an  area 
of  3525  square  miles,  mostly  within  this  state,  has  been 
reserved  as  a  national  park.  Here  occur  the  grandest  and 
most  numerous  geysers  (or  spouting,  intermittent  thermal 
springs)  in  the  whole  known  world ;  while  the  mountains 
rising  into  the  region  of  perpetual  snows,  the  deep  river- 
canons,  and  the  headlong  cataracts  render  it  a  region  of 
great  interest  to  the  tourist.  Between  the  Medicine  Bow 
spur  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  S.W,  and  the  Lara- 
mie Mountains  on  the  N.E.  lie  the  great  Laramie  Plains,  a 
cold  and  elevated  region,  some  of  whose  surrounding  peaks 
are  clad  with  eternal  snows.  Northward  and  northeast- 
ward from  the  Laramie  Mountains  there  is  a  prairie-  or 
plain-region,  crossed  by  low  anticlinals,  which  connects 
the  Laramie  Mountains  with  the  Big  Horn  Mountains  to 
the  N.  and  the  Black  Hills  to  the  N.E.  A  characteristic 
feature  in  the  landscapes  of  Southern  Wyoming  are  the 
flat-topped  hills,  or  "  buttes,"  arising  in  valleys  or  upon 
plains,  and  often  presenting  the  appearance  of  walled 
cities,  ruined  castles,  pyramids,  or  mounds. 

Oeology. — The  principal  mountain-systems  may  be  said 
to  be  composed  of  a  core,  or  nucleus,  of  red  syenite,  or 
quartzite,  or  other  archaic  rock,  with  borders  exhibiting 
Silurian,  Devonian,  carboniferous,  triassio,  Jurassic,  cre- 
taceous, and  tertiary  and  pleistocene  strata ;  but  most  of 
the  plain  or  prairie  country  is  cretaceous  or  tertiary.  South- 
west of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains  the  triassic  and  Jurassic 
formations  seem  to  prevail,  and  in  the  National  Park  there 
are  abundant  evidences  of  recent  volcanic  action.  Gold 
and  silver  have  been  obtained  in  several  places  quite 
abundantly ;  vast  beds  of  iron  are  found  throughout  the 
state,  and  an  excellent  quality  of  coal  of  tertiary  origin 
is  mined  upon  a  large  scale.  This  coal  supplies  the 
Pacific  railroads  and  much  of  the  population  of  the  plains 
with  a  cheap  and  serviceable  fuel.  It  appears  to  be  well 
adapted  to  iron-smelting  in  the  Siemens'  furnace.  Gyp- 
sum, salt,  soda,  soda-sulphate,  graphite,  copper,  petroleum, 
sulphur,  Ac,  are  among  the  useful  mineral  products.     Me 


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dicinal  waters  abound.  The  general  elevation  of  the  plains 
and  valleys  is  from  5000  to  7000  feet  above  sea-level,  but 
the  alimate  is  healthful,  and,  except  on  the  mountains,  the 
snow-fall  is  light. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  are  the 
strange  weather-worn  sandstone  and  clay  buttes  of  the 
Bridger  Basin  in  the  S."W. ;  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Yellow- 
stone ;  and  the  geysers,  hot  springs,  and  mud  volcanoes  of 
the  National  Park.  The  upper  fall  of  the  Yellowstone  (140 
feet),  and  the  lower  fall  of  397  feet  perpendicular,  and  the 
cataracts  of  Fall  River  and  Cascade  Creek,  are  among  the 
very  numerous  objects  of  interest  which  the  state  presents 
Fremont  Peak,  rising  13,570  feet,  Laramie  Peak  (11,000), 
Medicine  Bow  (12,231),  Mount  Moran  (12,809),  Mount 
Hayden  (13,691),  and  Chimney  Rock  (11,853)  are  among 
the  highest  measured  peaks. 

Agriculture. — The  principal  cereals,  except  Indian  corn, 
do  well  here ;  but  the  soil  is  better  suited  to  turnips,  pota- 
toes, pease,  beans,  and  other  like  crops.  The  Laramie 
Plains  have  short  summers  and  long,  severe  winters.  Pas- 
toral pursuits,  and  especially  wool-growing,  promise  better 
here  than  does  farm-tillage.  Much  of  the  country  requires 
irrigation  to  make  it  productive.  At  present  the  mining 
of  coal  along  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  rearing 
and  tending  of  sheep  and  cattle  are  the  leading  productive 
industries  of  Wyoming. 

Manufactures. — The  mountains,  which  are  generally  well 
wooded  with  pines  and  other  coniferous  trees,  afford  timber, 
from  which  lumber  and  railroad-ties  are  sawn.  Besides 
this,  there  is  some  quartz-milling  and  considerable  railroad 
repairing  and  machine-work  done  at  the  principal  towns 
along  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  There  is  a  good  amount 
of  water-power  developed  in  the  mountains  and  caBons; 
and  when  suitable  processes  for  working  the  iron  ores  of 
Wyoming  with  her  own  coals  shall  have  been  introduced, 
it  is  probable  that  the  metallurgical  interests  of  the  state 
will  become  important. 

Railroads. — Among  the  most  important  roads  are  the 
Union  Pacific,  the  Denver  Pacific,  the  Colorado  Central, 
the  Laramie,  North  Park  A  Pacific,  the  Cheyenne  A  North- 
ern, and  the  Wyoming  Central.  The  total  length  of  rail- 
roads in  1890  was  1003  miles. 

Counties. — There  are  13  counties :  Albany,  Big  Horn, 
Carbon,  Converse,  Crook,  Fremont,  Johnson,  Laramie, 
Natrona,  Sheridan,  Sweetwater,  Uintah,  and  Weston.  The 
largest  towns  are  Cheyenne,  the  capital  (pop.  in  1890, 
11,690) ;  Laramie,  an  important  industrial  and  commercial 
town  (6338) ;  Rock  Springs  (3406),  Rawlins  (2235),  Evans- 
ton,  in  the  vicinity  of  extensive  coal-mines  (1995) ;  New 
Castle  (1715),  Carbon  (1140),  and  Bufi-alo  (1087). 

Oovernment. — The  governor  and  executive  oflBcers  are 
elected  for  4  years ;  the  judges  for  8  years.  Sessions  of  the 
legislature  are  biennial  and  limited  to  40  days.  Senators 
serve  for  a  term  of  4  years,  and  representatives  are  elected 
for  2  years.  The  state  debt  is  limited  to  one  per  cent, 
of  the  assessed  valuation  of  property.  The  state  insane 
asylum  is  located  at  Evanston,  and  the  penitentiary  at 
Rawlins. 

Education. — There  is  a  well-established  system  of  public 
Bchools.  Excellent  graded  schools  are  maintained  in  the 
larger  towns.  Laramie  is  the  seat  of  the  state  university. 
The  Indians  on  the  Shoshone  reservation  in  1890  num- 
bered 1801,  and  belonged  to  the  Shoshone  and  Northern 
Arapahoe  tribes.  By  an  agreement  effected  in  October, 
1891,  they  ceded  to  the  United  States  government  more 
than  one-half  their  lands. 

History. — Wyoming  Territory  was  organized  in  1868 
(though  the  name  and  organization  had  been  proposed  in 
1865)  from  areas  previously  in  Dakota,  Idaho,  and  Utah, 
but  derived  more  remotely  from  the  original  territories  of 
Nebraska,  Utah,  and  Oregon,  a  portion  having  at  one  time 
belonged  also  to  Washington  Territory.  It  was  admitted 
as  a  state  in  1890. 

The  Population  in  1870,  exclusive  of  Indians,  was  9118. 
It  was  20,789  in  1880,  and  60,705  in  1890. 

Wyoming,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York,  has 
an  area  of  about  606  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.B.  by  the  Genesee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Allen's,  Cat- 
taraugus, and  Tonawanda  Creeks,  which  rise  in  it.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  tulip- 
tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  wheat, 
oats,  wool,  cheese,  barley,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Devonian  sandstones  and  shales  underlie  a  large  part  of 
this  county.  On  the  S.B.  border  the  Genesee  River  runs  in 
a  narrow  gorge  between  perpendicular  cliffs  350  feet  high. 
Here  are  several  picturesque  cataracts,  one  of  which  is  110  feet 


high.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake- 
Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  the  Attica  A  Freedom  Railroad, 
and  the  Buffalo,  Rochester  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  with  Rochester  by  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal. 
Capital,  Warsaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,164;  in  1875,  30,595; 
in  1880,  30,907;  in  1890,  31,193. 

Wyoming,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,^ 
has  an  area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Bowman's,  Mehoopany,  and  Tunkhannoek  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  high  ridges  and  bluffs,  which  rise 
nearly  1000  feet  above  the  river.  A  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  beech,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple, 
chestnut,  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  Indian  com,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
the  Montrose  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Tunkhannoek.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,585;  in  1880,  15,598;  in  1890,  15,891. 

Wyoming,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  660  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Guyandotte  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  walnut, 
oak,  chestnut,  poplar,  ash,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,^ 
oats,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staples.  The  Norfolk  A  Western 
Railioad  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  Capital, 
Oceana.    Pop.  in  1870, 3171 ;  in  1880,  4322 ;  in  1890,  6247. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Delaware  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  3  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  several  churches,  and  the  Wyo- 
ming Institute.     Pop.  about  400. 

Wyoming,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.    Pop.  1280. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Stark  oo.,  HI.,  in  Essex 
and  Toulon  townships,  on  the  Peoria  A  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Buda  A  Rushville  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Peoria,  and  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toulon.  It  has  a  news- 
paper ofiSce,  a  high  school,  2  banking-houses,  and  5  churches, 
also  3  flouring-mills  and  a  machine-shop.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     Poj).  1100. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wy- 
oming township,  on  the  Davenport  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  about  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofSoe,  a  money- 
order  post-ofSce,  a  national  bank,  1  otner  bank,  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  689 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, excluding  the  village,  1014. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Slate  Creek,  about  32  miles 
S.  of  Maysville.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop. 120. 

Wyoming,  a  village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.  of  Boston. 

Wyoming,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  2008. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Wyoming  township,  on  the  Lake  Superior  A  Mississippi 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  291. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  10  miles  above  Nebraska  City. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  in  Middlebury  township, 
Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oatka  Creek,  and  on  the  Rochester 
A  State  Line  Railroad,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  5 
or  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  338. 

Wyoming,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  RaiU 
road,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  private  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  many  fine  residences. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Wyoming,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in  the 
valley  of  Wyoming,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  5  miles  above  Wilkesbarre,  and  on  the  Lackawanna 
A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pittston.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  woollen- 
mill,  terra-cotta-works,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1794. 

Wyoming,  a  post- village  in  Hopkinton  and  Richmond 
townships,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  Wood  River,  J  mile 
from  Hope  Valley  Station,  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Provi- 
dence.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  358 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wyoming  township,  Iowa 
CO.,  Wis.,  42  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  720. 

Wyoming,  a  village  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie 
City.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill  on  the  Little  Laramie  River 


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Wyo'ining,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Oreat  Western  Railway,  45  miles  W.  of  London.  It  ia 
a  place  of  considerable  trade,  being  in  the  centre  of  the 
western  oil-regions,  and  contains  several  oil-refineries,  a 
carding-mill,  a  grist-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  printing-oflBce, 
and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Wyoming  Afoantain,  Pennsylvania,  in  Luzerne  co., 
extends  15  or  20  miles  along  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna.    Its  height  is  about  1200  feet. 

Wyoming  Valley  is  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  and  has  the 
form  of  a  long  oval  or  ellipse,  about  5  miles  wide  and  30 
miles  in  length.  The  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River  runs  through  it  in  a  S.W.  direction.  A  long  ridge, 
called  Wyoming  Mountain,  extends  along  the  S.E.  border 
of  the  valley.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  beauty  and  fertility, 
and  has  inexhaustible  mines  of  the  best  anthracite  coal. 
The  Wyoming  Mountain  rises  about  1200  feet  above  the 
river  above  named.  The  scenery  of  the  valley  combines 
great  richness,  beauty,  variety,  and  grandeur.  Few  land- 
scapes can  vie  with  the  valley  of  the  Wyoming. 

Wyota,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin.     See  Wiota. 

Wy  Vaghur',  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  dis- 
trict and  80  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor,  on  an  afQuent  of  the 
Wyne-Qunga. 

Wyrballen,  Russian  Poland.    See  Wieribolow. 

Wyre,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  formed  by 
many  small  moorland  streams,  flows  W.  and  N.,  expanding 
into  a  navigable  estuary  which  joins  the  Irish  Sea  at  Fleet- 
wood.   See  Fleetwood. 

Wysanking,  wi-saw'king,  station-name  of  Wtsox,  Pa. 

Wyse's  Ferry,  a  post-ofBce  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C. 

Wysoke-Meyto,  Bohemia.     See  Hohenmauth. 

Wy'sox,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  111.     Pop.  1331. 

Wysox,  wi'sox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wysox  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Le- 
high Valley  Railroad  (Wysanking  Railroad  Station),  4  miles 
E.  of  Towanda.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  plaster- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1290. 

Wyssebrod,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Hohenfubt. 

Wystyten,  Russian  Poland.     See  Wistitten. 

Wyszgorod,  ^ish-go'rod,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4423. 


Wyszkow,  <^ish'kov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Plock,  on  the  Bug,  S.  of  Pultusk.     Pop.  1290. 

Wysztynie,  ♦ish-tin'yi,  or  Wyzayny,  ♦iz-i'nee,  a 
town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  of  Suvalki,  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Seyny,  on  the  frontier  of  Prussia.  Pop.  mostly 
Jews. 

Wysztytten,  Russi&n  Poland.    See  Wistittbw. 

Wytegra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vttegra. 

Wythe,  with  (rhyming  with  tmith),  a  county  in  the  S.W. 

fart  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles, 
t  is  intersected  by  New  River,  and  also  drained  by  Reed 
and  Cripple  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  a  long 
ridge  called  Walker's  Mountain,  and  the  Iron  Mountain, 
which  extends  along  the  southern  border  of  the  county. 
Between  these  ridges  is  a  wide  and  fertile  valley.  Forests 
of  the  hickory,  chestnut,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  wild 
cherry,  Ac,  cover  nearly  half  of  the  entire  area.  Wheat, 
Indian  com,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  are  iron  ore,  bituminous  coal,  gypsum, 
limestone,  lead,  and  zinc.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <t  Ohio  (now  the  Norfolk  &  West- 
em)  Railroad.  Capital,  Wytheville.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,611 ; 
in  1880,  14,318;  in  1890,  18,019. 

Wythe,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.     Pop.  1219. 

Wythe  Depot,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.    See  Withe  Depot. 

Wytheville,  with'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wythe 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  58 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Abingdon,  and  133  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynch- 
burg. It  is  finely  situated  in  an  elevated  valley,  and  i» 
surrounded  by  mountains.  It  contains  a  bank,  7  churches, 
and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  It 
has  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  leather,  wagons, 
ploughs,  and  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  in  1890,  2570. 

Wytoo'nee,  one  of  the  Disappointment  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Length,  5  miles.  Lat.  of  S.E.  point,  14° 
12'  S. ;  Ion.  141°  12'  W. 

Wy'top'itlock,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Mattawamkeag  River  and  the  European  &  North  Amer- 
ican Railroad,  76  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Wytschaete,  wit^sKi't^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  proy- 
ince  of  West  Flanders,  6  miles  S.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  2950 

Wyzayny,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  WTSzmrrE. 


X. 


^abary,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabart. 

Xabea,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jabea. 

Xabngo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jabitoo. 

Xaca,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jaca. 

Xadraque,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jadraqttb. 

Xaen,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Jaen. 

.  Xagiia,  a  river  of  Honduras.     See  Jaotja. 

Xalapa,  a  city  of  Mexico.     See  Jalapa. 

Xalisco,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Jalisco. 

Xalon,  a  river  and  village  of  Spain.     See  Jalon. 

Xamilena,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jahtlena. 

Xamiltepec,  or  Jarailtepec,  B&-meel-t&-pSk',  a 
town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oajaca,  on  the 
Chicometepec,  near  the  sea.     Pop.  4000. 

Xana,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  La  Jana. 

Xanten,  ks&n't^n,  San'ten,  orSanc'ten,  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  of  Dnsseldorf,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Cleves,  near  the  Rhine.  Pop.  3292.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth,  cassimeres,  velvets,  and  cotton,  dis- 
tilleries, breweries,  and  vinegar-factories.  It  occupies  the 
site  of  the  Roman  Golonia  Trajana. 

Xanthi,  zan'thee  or  z&n'tee,  a  mountain  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  N.W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Lagos,  ^gean 
Sea,  and  rising  to  3800  feet  in  elevation. 

Xanthns,  zan'thfls  (Gr.  Hav^os;  Turkish,  Etchen-Chai, 
4*oh8n-chi'),  a  small  river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  in  the 
Taurus  Mountains,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean  near 
Patara.   It  is  navigable  for  a  considerable  part  of  its  course. 

Xanthns,  an  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  the  remains 
of  which,  on  the  E.  bank  of  a  river  of  its  own  name,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Makree,  lat.  36°  21'  N.,  Ion.  29°  23'  E.,  con- 
sist of  temples  and  tombs,  having  elaborate  bas-reliefs, 
many  of  which  have  been  removed  and  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum. 


Xapeco,  or  Chapeco,  shA-pi'ko,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Santa  Catharina,  joins  the  Uruguay  in  Ion.  53°  W. 

Xarafnel,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  jARArmiL. 

Xaraicejo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jaraicsjo. 

Xarama,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Jaraha. 

Xarandilla,  Spain.    See  Jarandilla. 

Xarayes,  sh8,-ri'8s  (Sp.  pron.  Hi-ri'fis),  the  name  origfi- 
nally  given  to  certain  low  tracts  of  Brazil,  situated  to  the 
S.  of  the  town  of  Matto-Grosso  or  Villa  Bella,  and  annually 
inundated  for  three  months  over  a  space  of  about  240 
miles.  Much  of  the  water  never  retires,  but  forms  exten- 
sive lakes,  abounding  in  fish,  frequented  by  immense  flights 
of  water-fowl,  and  tenanted  by  the  jacarf,  a  species  of 
crocodile,  of  less  size  than  that  of  Egypt. 

Xarral,  or  Jarral,  Han-Ril',  a  town  of  Mexico,  stat* 
and  55  miles  N.  of  Guanajuato.     Pop.  3000. 

Xativa,  Spain.    See  San  Felipe  de  Jativa. 

Xauxa,  a  river  and  town  of  Peru.     See  Jauja. 

Xavalqninto,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  jAYALQmwTO. 

Xaverov,  z4-ve-r5v',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia, 
32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ovrootch.     Pop.  1600. 

Xavier,  an  island  of  Patagonia.     See  Saint  XAvntn. 

Xelaa,  or  Gelsa,  nfil'sil,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Ebro,  province  and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.    Pop.  2250. 

Xenday,  shSn-dl',  or  Senday,  sSn-dl',  a  town  of 
Japan,  near  a  bav  of  its  own  name.  E.  coast  of  Hondo. 
Lat.  38°  30'  N.     Pop.  in  1884,  56,321 :  in  1891,  66,310. 

Xenia,  zee'ne-a,  a  post-village  in  Xenia  township.  Clay 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of 
Flora,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  several  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Xenia,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Miami  co., 
Ind.,  at  Converse  Station  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Logansport  with  Marion,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport 


XEN 


2866 


YAD 


It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  the 
Xenia  College,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  921. 

Xenia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  oo.,  Iowa,  about  26  miles 
N.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Xenia,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Bourbon 
CO.,  Kansas,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Soott.  It  has  a 
church. 

Xenia,  Putnam  co.,  Mo.    See  Lemon's. 

Xenia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  neair  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Pla.tte  Eiver,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Omaha. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  broom -factory. 

Xenia,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Greene  co.,  0., 
on  the  Little  Miami  River,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 
16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dayton,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Spring- 
field, and  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  directly 
connected  by  several  railroads  with  all  these  cities.  It  is 
regularly  planned  and  well  built,  and  contains,  besides 
many  handsome  residences,  a  fine  court-house,  15  churches, 
a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  theo- 
logical seminary  (United  Presbyterian),  a  hospital,  and  the 
Ohio  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home.  Xenia  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  fertile,  undulating  country,  which  is  liberally 
supplied  with  water-power  and  good  limestone.  One  daily 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  in- 
dustrial establishments  of  the  city  embrace  planing-mills, 
eaw-mills,  a  canning  establishment,  glass-works,  oil-mills, 
marble-  and  granite- works ;  besides  which  there  are  manu- 
factures of  agricultural  implements,  cordage,  twine,  pumps, 
carriages,  wagons,  and  shoes.  The  departments  of  Wilber- 
force  University,  formerly  here,  are  now  at  Wilberforce, 
3  miles  distant.     Pop.  in  1880,  7026;  in  1890,  8026. 

Xenia,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  about  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Hanover. 

Xenil,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Qbnil. 

Xeres,  Spain.   See  Jerez,  and  Jerez  de  la  Frontera. 

Xeres,  or  Jerez,  H&-rds',  a  town  of  Central  America, 
republic  of  Honduras,  S.  of  Comayagua. 

Xeres  de  los  Caballeros.    See  Jbrbs  db  los  Oa- 

BALLEROS. 

Xerica,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jerica. 

Xerochori,  zdr-o-Ko'ree,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  Buboea, 
about  40  miles  E.  of  Lamia. 

Xerona,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Geroma. 

Xeros,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulp  of  Sards. 

Xerte,  a  town  and  river  of  Spain.    See  Jerte. 

Xertigny,  ziRHeen^yeo',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  9  miles  S.  of  Epinal.  Pop.  2026,  partly  employed 
in  forges  and  blast-furnaces. 

Xexuy,  a  river  of  Paraguay.     See  Jejpy. 

Xiberras,  Mount,  Malta.    See  Valetta. 

Xicotlan,  a  village  of  Mexico.     See  Zacatlan. 

Xieng-Mai,  ze-fing'mi'?,  the  capital  city  of  Laos,  on 
the  Menam.     Lat.  18°  30'  N.;  Ion.  99°  E.     It  has  a  trade 


in  teak,  and  in  woollen  and  silk  goods,  which  are  manufac- 
tured here. 

Xiloca,  and  Xilon,  two  rivers  of  Spain,  in  Aragon. 
See  JiLocA. 

Xilo-Castron,  zee'lo-kis'tron  or  ze-lo'-kis-tron  (ano. 
^gyra  f),  a  village  of  Greece,  government  and  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Corinth,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Xilo-Castron  in 
the  Gulf  of  Corinth.     It  has  an  active  trade  in  currants. 

Ximena.     See  Jimena,  and  Jimena  de  la  Frontera. 

Ximera  de  Livar.     See  Jihera  de  Livar. 

Ximo,  one  of  the  Japanese  Islands.     See  Kioo-Sioo. 

Xingn,  or  Chingu,  shing-goo',  a  river  of  Brazil, 
states  of  Matto-Grosso  and  Parfi,  and  one  of  the  tribu- 
taries of  the  Amazon,  rises  near  lat.  16°  S.,  Ion.  69°  W., 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  1300  miles,  joins  the  Amazon  240 
miles  W.  of  Parfi.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  100  miles. 

Xionz,  zee'onts,  a  town  of  Prussia,  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Posen,  with  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather.   Pop.  1019. 

Xiron,  town,  United  States  of  Colombia.    See  Qiron. 

Xiximani,  United  States  of  Colombia.  See  Cartagena. 

Xixona,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Jijona. 

Xiz,  sheez,  or  Shiz,  the  Arabian  name  of  the  flre-tem- 

Sle  and  city  of  Atropatenian  Ecbatana  identified  by  Major 
Lawlinson  with  Tukhti  Suleiman. 

Xoa,  a  state  of  Abyssinia.    See  Shoa. 

Xochicaico,  Ho-che-k&l'ko,  a  ruined  pyramid  60  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Xochiniilco,  no-che-meel'ko,  a  village  of  Mexico,  on 
Lake  Xochimilco,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mexico,  and  once  an 
Aztec  town  of  importance. 

Xochitepec,  Ho-che-tA-pfik',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state 
and  nearly  60  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Xodar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  JodXr. 

Xorella  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Xulla. 

Xorquera,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Jorquera. 

Xorullo,  or  Xurnllo,  Mexico.    See  Jordllo. 

Xuandai,  shoo-&n-di',  a  fine  harbor  of  Anam,  Farther 
India,  province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Phu-Yen,  on  th« 
Cochin-Chinese  coaat.     Lat.  13°  22'  N. 

Xubera,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jubera. 

Xubrique  la  Nneva.    See  Jdbrique  la  Nubta. 

Xucar,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Jucar. 

Xucaray,  Hoo-ki-ri',  a  river  of  South  America,  in 
Ecuador,  tributary  to  the  Amazon. 

Xuchitan,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  Jcchitan. 

Xulla,  zool'li  (Zulla,  zool'll,  or  ZorelMa)  Islands, 
a  group  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  70  miles  E.  of  Celebes, 
and  comprising  Taliabo,  Mangola,  and  Basi,  which  last  is 
aboQt  35  miles  in  length. 

Xnmilla,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jdmilla. 

Xutay,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Jutay. 

Xynara,  xin'i-ri  (?),  a  village  of  the  island  of  Tino, 
Grecian  Archipelago.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  seminary, 
and  is  the  residence  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 


Y. 


Y,  ee,  or  Ij ,  ee  (Dutch,  Het  'y),  a  branch  of  the  Zuyder 
Zee,  Netherlands,  formerly  extending  inland  16  miles  W. 
to  Beverwyk  ;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  On  its  S.  side  is 
the  city  of  Amsterdam.  The  greater  part  of  the  Y  has 
been  drained  in  connection  with  the  construction  of  the 
ship-canal  to  Amsterdam. 

Yablonev,  lablonev,  or  Jablonev,  yl-blo-nfiv', 
a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  of  Poltava,  on  the 
Orzhitza,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Loobny.     Pop.  1000. 

Yablonoi,  lablonoi,  or  Jablonoi  (y&-blo-noi') 
Mountains,  a  chain  in  East  Asia,  forming  a  part  of  the 
boundary- line  between  Siberia  and  Manchooria,  continuous 
E.  with  the  Stanovoi  Mountains  (which  see). 

Yachil-Irmak  (or  -Ermak).    See  Yeshil-Irmak. 

Yacova,  lacova,  or  Jakova,  yi-ko'vl,  a  town  of 
Albania,  67  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scutari,  on  the  White  Drin. 

Yadiki,  a  town  of  India,  Bellary  district.     Pop.  7.202. 

Yad'kiu,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  B.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Deep  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is 
covered  with   forests.     The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Indian 


com,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  follows  the  course  of  the 
Yadkin  on  the  northern  boundary  of  this  county.  Capital, 
Yadkinville.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,420  ;  in  1890,  13,790. 

Yadkin,  a  township  of  Stokes  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  1758. 

Yadkin  College,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  oo.,  N.C., 

9  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  steam  cotton-gin.  Here  is  Yadkin  College,  which 
was  chartered  in  1861. 

Yadkin  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  Caldwell  co.,  and  runs  nearly  eastward  through 
Wilkes  CO.  Its  general  direction  is  S.S.E.  It  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Yadkin,  Davie,  Rowan,  Stanley, 
and  Anson  on  the  right,  and  Forsyth,  Davidson,  Montgomery, 
and  Richmond  on  the  left.    It  enters  South  Carolina  about 

10  miles  above  Cheraw,  below  which  place  it  is  called  the 
Pedbe  River  (which  see).  The  length  of  the  Yadkin 
from  its  source  to  the  boundary  of  South  Carolina  is  esti- 
mated at  300  miles.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rocky 
rapids.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Uharie  it  passes  through  a 
narrow  and  picturesque  gorge. 

Yadkin  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 


YAD 


2867 


YAL 


Yad'kinville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yadkin  co., 
N.C.,  in  Liberty  township,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Charlotte. 
Pop.  133. 

Yadrin,  ladrin,  or  Jadrin,  yi-dreen',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  110  miles  W.  of  Kazan.     P.  2365. 

Yafa,  or  Yaffa,  a  village  of  Palestine.     See  Jaffa. 

Yagotin,  lagotin,  or  Jagotin,  yi-go-teen',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  138  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava. 

Yagua,  yi'gwi,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, Cundinamaroa,  province  and  70  miles  S.  of  Neyva. 

Yaguache,  yi-gwi'chS.,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  depart- 
ment and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil. 

Yaguanique,  yi-gwft-nee'ki.  a  port  of  Cuba,  on  its 
N.  coast,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Baracoa. 

Yaguaron,  yi-gwi-ron',  a  river  of  Uruguay,  forming 
part  of  the  N.E.  boundary,  flows  S.E.,  and  falls  into  Lake 
Mirim. 

Yagai,  a  river  of  Mexico.     See  Yaqtti. 

Yahutat  Bay,  Alaska.    See  Behrino  Bat. 

Yaik,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ural. 

Yainax,  yi'nax,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon,  2  miles 
S.  of  Sprague  River. 

Yainur,  yi-niir',  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Madras, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Mangalore. 

Yakima,  y&k'e-m&,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Washington.  Area,  about  5760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Yakima  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Columbia, 
and  by  the  Pisco  and  Naches  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir,  Ac.  Wheat,  wool,  cattle,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.     Rocks  of  volcanic  origin  underlie 

?arts  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Northern 
acific  Railroad.  Capital,  North  Yakima.  Pop.  in  1870, 
432;  in  1880,  2811;  in  1890,  4429. 

Yakima,  a  post- village  of  Yakima  co.,  Washington,  is 
on  the  Yakima  River,  about  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  The  Dalles, 
Oregon,  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  North  Yakima.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.   ■ 

Yakima  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  near  the  Snoqualmie  Pass,  and  runs  southeastward 
and  southward.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Pisco  River  it 
flows  eastward,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  about  10 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Snake.  It  is  about  250  miles 
long,  and  traverses  a  country  of  volcanic  origin. 

Yako'ba,  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  southern  prov- 
ince of  Saccatoo,  200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Egga.  It  has  a  great 
trade  and  active  manufactures  of  cottons.     Pop.  150,000. 

Yakoono  Seema,  or  Yakouno  Sima,  yi-koo'no 
see'm&,  written  also  Jakuno  Sima,  an  island  of  Japan, 
40  miles  S.  of  Kioo-Sioo,  Lat.  30°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  130°  30'  E. 
Length,  20  miles ;  breadth,  8  miles.  The  surface  is  level 
and  wooded. 

Yakootsk,  Yakoutsk,  lakoutsk,  Yakutsk,  or 
Jakutsk,  yi^kootsk',  a  vast  province  of  Siberia,  occu- 
pying most  of  its  E.  half  from  lat.  54°  N.,  and  between 
Ion.  105°  and  164°  E.,  having  W.  the  government  of  Yeni- 
seisk, S.  Irkootsk,  and  the  Yablonoi  Mountains  separating 
it  from  Manchooria,  E.  the  maritime  provinces  and  the 
Chookchee  country,  and  N.  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  which  it 
comprises  the  islands  of  Kotelnoi  and  New  Siberia.  Area, 
1,517,063  square  miles.  Pop.  231,977.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous in  the  S.,  and  watered  by  the  Upper  Lena  and  its 
affluents  the  Aldan  and  Vitim,  which  latter  forms  the  fron- 
tier on  the  side  of  Irkootsk.  In  the  N.  it  is  an  immense 
level,  traversed  by  the  Lena,  Yana,  Indighirka,  and  Kolyma 
Rivers.  In  some  parts  rye,  barley,  and  small  quantities  of 
other  grains  are  raised,  and  large  herds  of  cattle  are  reared 
near  Yakootsk  ;  but  in  most  of  its  extent  this  province  is  a 
bare  desert,  the  soil  of  which  is  frozen  to  a  great  depth. 
Next  to  cattle  and  game,  salmon  and  other  fish,  iron,  salt, 
and  talc  are  the  chief  products.  Coal  is  stated  to  exist  in 
some  places  on  the  Upper  Lena.  Principal  trade,  furs  and 
walrus-teeth.  After  Yakootsk,  the  capital,  the  principal 
Tillages  are  Amginsk,  Olekminsk,  and  Oost  Viliooisk. 

Yakootsk,  Yakoutsk,  Yakutsk,  or  Jakutsk,  a 
town  and  the  great  commercial  emporium  of  East  Siberia, 
capital  of  the  above  province,  on  the  Lena.  Lat.  62°  N. ; 
Ion.  129°  44'  E.  Mean  annual  temperature,  13.5°  Fahr.; 
winter,  36.3° ;  summer,  61.7°.  Pop.  4830,  half  of  whom  are 
Russians,  and  the  rest  native  Yakoots  and  others.  It  stands 
on  a  plain  surrounded  by  lofty  heights,  and  consists  of 
about  400  houses  of  European  structure,  standing  apart, 
while  the  intervening  spaces  are  occupied  by  winter  yoorts, 
or  huts  of  the  northern  nomades,  with  earthen  roofs,  doors 
covered  with  hairy  hides,  and  windows  of  ice.  The  princi- 
pal buildings  are  a  large  stone  cathedral,  7  churches,  a  stone 
market-place,  a  monastery,  a  hospital,  and  a  fort.     The 


trade  is  of  great  importance.  Caravans  with  Chinese  and 
European  goods  brought  from  Irkootsk  by  the  boats  on  the 
Lena  proceed  every  year  over  the  mountains  to  Okhotsk, 
and  also  collect  the  produce  of  the  whole  line  of  coast  on 
the  Polar  Sea  between  the  parallels  of  70°  and  74°,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Lena  to  the  farthest  point  inhabited  by 
the  Chookchees.  Among  the  principal  articles  of  this  latter 
trade  are  the  skins  of  the  polar  fox.  Another  important 
article  is  fossil  ivory,  obtained  from  the  antediluvian  ani- 
mals found  buried  in  the  deep  alluvium  of  the  Lena  and  its 
tributaries  and  along  the  shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

Yalabusha,  or  Yalobusha,  yaP^-boo'sha,  a  county 
in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  470 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Loosascoona  Creek  and 
Yockeney  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  beech,  cypress,  elm, 
hickory,  magnolia,  white  oak,  talip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans, 
St.  Louis  &,  Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Mississippi  A  Ten- 
nessee Railroad,  both  now  divisions  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Coffeeville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,254;  in 
1880,  15,649;  in  1890,  16,629, 

Yalabusha  (or  Yallobusha)  River,  Mississippi, 
rises  in  Chickasaw  co.,  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction  through 
the  cos.  of  Calhoun  and  Grenada,  and  unites  with  the  Tal- 
lahatchee  River  in  Leflore  co.  The  stream  formed  by  thi» 
confluence  is  the  Yazoo  River. 

Yal'colb,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Yalding,  yawl'ding,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent, 
on  the  Medway,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Southeastern  Rail- 
way, 5i  miles  S.W.  of  Maidstone. 

Yale,  a  post-village  in  Granville  township,  Jasper  co., 
111.,  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mattoon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Yale,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  about  32  milos 
N.N.W,  of  Abilene. 

Yale,  a  town  of  British  Columbia,  on  Fraser  River,  90 
miles  above  New  Westminster. 

Yale  College.    See  New  Haven. 

Yale  Sem'inary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co., 
Tex.,  5  miles  from  Gx)shen.  Here  is  a  school,  named  Yale 
Seminary. 

Yalesville,  yalz'vil,  a  post- village  in  Wallingford 
township.  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinepiac  River, 
and  on  the  Hartford  A  New  Haven  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by 
B.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  several  factories. 

Yaletown,  yal't5wn,  a  village  in  Maskinonge  co., 
Quebec,  30  miles  from  Three  Rivers.  It  contains  a  large 
tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Yaleville,  yal'vll,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  oc,  N.Y., 
6  miles  from  Potsdam. 

Yali,  yi'lee  (anc.  htroa?),  a  small  island  oflF  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos,  7 
miles  S.  of  Cos. 

Yallaha,  y&-l&'h&,  or  Yalaha,  a  post-village  of 
Sumter  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Harris,  about  75 
miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  surrounded 
by  large  groves  of  oranges,  lemons,  bananas,  and  guavas, 
the  products  of  which  are  shipped  here. 

Yalo,  yi'lo,  a  village  of  Palestine,  on  a  hill,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Jerusalem,  and  supposed  by  Robinson  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Ajalon. 

Ya-Long-Kiang,  y&-long-ke-&ng',  a  river  of  East 
Thibet  and  the  Chinese  province  of  Se-Chuen,  after  a 
generally  S.  course  of  600  miles,  joins  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang  near  lat.  26°  35'  N.,  Ion.  102°  E. 

Ya-Long-Kiang,  a  river  of  Corea,  flows  W.,  and 
enters  the  Yellow  Sea.     Course,  130  miles. 

Ya-Loo-Kiang,  or  Ya-Lou-Kiang,  y&-loo-ke- 
ing',  a  river  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  flows  S.W. .separating 
Corea  from  the  province  of  Leao-Tong,  and  enters  the  Yel- 
low Sea  after  a  course  estimated  at  300  miles. 

Yalootrovosk,  laloutrovosk,  or  Jalutrowosk, 
yi-loo-tro-vosk',  written  also  laloutorovsk,  Jaluto- 
rowsk,  and  Jalutorovsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment and  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Iset  and  Tobol  Rivers.     Pop.  3936. 

Yalpookh,  lalpoukh,  or  Jalpnch,  y&UpooK',  a 
river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Bessarabia, 
flows  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  80  miles,  expands  into  a 
lake  of  the  same  name.     Principal  affluent,  the  Lunge. 

Yalpookh,  lalponkh,  or  Jalpoch,  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, formed  by  the  expansion  of  the  above  river,  in  the  S. 
of  Bessarabia,  about  36  miles  long  by  6  miles  broad,  and 
communicating  with  the  Danube  by  several  mouths. 

Yalta,  lalta,  or  Jalta,  y&l't&,  a  small  seaport  t«  wn 


YAL 


2868 


YAN 


of  the  Crimes,  South  Russia,  province  of  Taurida,  32  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sevastopol.  It  was  large  and  prosperous  until 
destroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  the  fifteenth  century.  The 
new  town,  rebuilt  on  the  ruins,  has  a  custom-house,  a  good 
harbor,  and  a  small  quay.  It  is  a  chief  station  for  the 
Odessa  steamers.     Pop.  1369. 

Yalta,  lalta,  or  Jalta,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Yeka- 
terinoslav,  on  the  N".  side  of  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Yama,  lama,  or  Jama,  y&'m&,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
rises  in  the  E.  side  of  the  Stanovoi  Mountains,  government 
of  Okhotsk,  flows  B.S.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Yamsk, 
a  part  of  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Length,  80  miles. 

Yamachiche,  yam^a-chee'ohe,  a  post-village  of  St, 
Maurice  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Yamachiche,  16i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  contains  a  church,  a  convent, 
an  academy,  a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  about  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  1300. 

Yamaska,  y&-m3,s'ki,  a  central  county  of  Quebec, 
drained  by  the  Nioolet,  St.  Francis,  and  Yamaska  Rivers. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  St.  Peter.  Capital,  St. 
Franfois  du  Lac.     Pop.  16,317. 

Yamaska,  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Yamaska,  31  miles  N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  800. 

Yamaska  River,  Quebec,  takes  its  rise  in  Brome 
Lake,  Brome  co.,  flows  through  a  fertile  country,  and  falls 
into  Lake  St.  Peter. 

Yambiri,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Paucabtambo. 

Yam  bo,  a  port  of  Arabia.     See  Yembo. 

Yamboli,  lamboli,  or  Jamboli,  y&m'bo-le,  a  town 
of  Europe,  in  Eastern  Roumelia,  66  miles  N.  of  Adrianople, 
on  the  Toonja.  It  has  several  mosques,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths.     A  railway  connects  it  with  Timova. 

Yamboorg,  lambonrg,  or  Jambnrg,  yim'bSfiRG, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Petersburg,  on  the  Looga.     Pop.  2490. 

Yamdok'cho,  a  lake  of  India,  in  Brahmapootra. 
Lat.  90°  30'  E.     Elevation,  13,500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Yam  Hill ,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  runs  northeastward 
through  Yam  Hill  co.,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River. 

Yam  Hill,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has 
an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Willamette  River,  and  drained  by  the  Yam  Hill 
River.  The  Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the 
W.  border  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  lumber,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad  (now  a  division  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railway  Company's   system),  which  connects   its 

Principal  towns  with  Portland.  Capital,  MacMinnville. 
op.  in  1870,  5012;  in  1880,  7945;  in  1890,  10,692. 

Yamina,  yl-mee'ni  or  yi'me-nl,  a  town  of  Africa, 
state  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Niger  River.  Lat.  12°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  6°  50'  W.  It  is  the  second  town  of  the  state  in  im- 
portance. 

Yam'mie,  or  Yam'my,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
in  Ashantee,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Coomassie. 

Yam'pah  (or  Bear)  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  runs  westward  in  Grand  co.,  and  enters 
the  Green  River  about  Ion.  109°  W.,  near  the  boundary 
between  Colorado  and  Utah.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Yamparaes,  yim-p4-ri'8s,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  depart- 
ment and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Chuquisaoa,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Pilcomayo. 

Yampol,  lampol,  or  Jampol,  y&m'pol,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Podolia,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eamie- 
niec,  on  the  Dniester.     Pop.  4305. 

Yamsk,  lamsk,  or  Jamsk,  y&msk,  a  maritime  town 
of  East  Siberia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Yamsk,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf 
of  Jijiginsk,  380  miles  E.  of  Okhotsk. 

Yamuna,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Juuna, 

Yana,  lana,  or  Jana,  yi'ni,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which 
rises  in  the  government  of  Yakootsk,  on  the  N,  slope  of  the 
Tukalan  Mountains,  near  lat.  65°  N,,  and,  after  a  course 
of  nearly  600  miles,  falls  by  several  mouths  injto  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  lat.  72°  N.,  Ion,  137°  E,  Its  principal  affluents 
are  the  Adiga,  Dulgalak,  Shemanova,  and  Bootaktai, 

Yana  on,  y&^ni^iN*',  a  village  and  one  of  the  French 
colonial  possessions  in  India,  on  its  E,  or  Coromandel  coast, 
at  the  delta  of  the  Godavery  River,  and  accessible  from  the 
sea  by  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden,  22  miles  N,N,E.  of  Pon- 
dicherry.  Its  district,  extending  for  6  miles  along  the 
€k)davery,  has  an  area  of  8147  acres,  about  half  being  under 
eultivation.     Pop.  6756. 

Yanbo,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Yembo. 

Yancey,  yan'se,  a  county  in  the  W,  part  of  North 


Carolina,  bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  300 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Nolachucky  and  Cane 
Rivers,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S,E,  by  the  Blue  Ridge. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests of  fir,  spruce,  and  other  trees.  It  comprises  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  Black  Mountains,  namely,  the  Black  Dome,  cr 
Mitchell's  Peak,  6707  feet  high,  and  Clingman's  Peak, 
which  is  said  to  rise  6941  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
These  are  both  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  accessible  by  a 
branch  railroad,  which  runs  to  Erwin,  Tenn.  Capital, 
Bnrnsville.     Pop.  in  1880,  7694 ;  in  1890,  9490. 

Yancey's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  oo.,  Va., 
is  at  Hillsborough. 

Yancey's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Oxford. 

Yanceyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caswell  co., 
N.C.,  in  Yanceyville  township,  15  miles  S.  of  Danville, 
Va.,  and  about  68  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  3  churches,  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2203. 

Yancy  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  13i 
miles  S.  of  Rolla.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

YanMabo',  or  Yandaboo,  y&n^a-boo',  a  town  of 
Burmah,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ava.  Here  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the 
British  and  Burmese  was  ratified,  February  26,  1826. 

Yandoon,  a  town  of  British  Burmah.     See  Yewndodn. 

Yangain- Chain- Ya,  ying-ghin'-chin-y&,  a  town 
of  Pegu,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Rangoon. 

Yang- Chow,  China.    See  Chang-Choo-Foo. 

Yangero,  a  town  and  country  of  Africa.    See  Janjero. 

Yang-Hissar,  ying-hls-sar',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toor- 
kistan,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Yarkand. 

Yang-Ho,  ylng^ho',  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  passes  by  the  city  of  Siu-An-Hoa,  and  unites 
with  the  Sang-Kan-Ho,  25  miles  S.E.,  to  form  the  Hoen- 
Ho  River,  which  traverses  the  province  S.W.  of  Peking. 

Yang-Ling,  or  lang-Ling,  ying-ling',  a  mountain 
of  China,  in  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  26°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  37'  E, 

Yang-ZTchoo,  or  Yang-Tchou,  ying^choo',  writ- 
ten also  Yang-Tcheon,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-Soo,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Imperial  Canal, 
near  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  River,  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Nan- 
king. It  is  stated  to  be  5  miles  in  circumference,  and  ta 
have  a  large  trade  in  salt.   Near  it  is  an  imperial  residence. 

Yang-tse-Kiang,  ylngHse-ke-ing',  or  Yang- 
tseu-Kiang  (i.e.,  the  "  son  of  the  great  water,"  or  the 
"  son  of  the  sea"),  more  commonly  called  by  the  Chinese 
Ta-Kiang,  tl^ke-lng',  or  "Great  River,"  and  some- 
times written  on  old  maps  Kiang-Ku  or  Kian-Kn,  a 
large  river  of  China,  its  course  lying  S.  of  that  of  another 
great  river,  the  Hoang-Ho.  It  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Ya-Long-Kiang  and  Kin-Sha-Kiang  Rivers,  which 
have  their  sources  in  East  Thibet,  near  those  of  the  Me- 
Kong  and  Irrawaddy,  and  which  unite  on  the  boundary 
between  the  provinces  of  Se-Chuen  and  Yun-Nan,  near 
lat.  26°  30'  N.,  Ion.  102°  E.  Thenceforth  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang  has  a  very  tortuous  E.N.E.  course  through  the  prov- 
inces of  Se-Chuen,  Hoo-Pe,  Ngan-Hoei,  and  Kiang-Soo, 
and  it  joins  the  sea  by  an  estuary  30  miles  across,  in  lat. 
32°  N.,  Ion.  121°  E.  Total  course  estimated  at  from  250O 
to  3000  miles.  Its  principal  branch,  the  Kin-Sha-Kianq 
(or  Kin-Cha-Kiang,  keen-shfl,-ke-4ng',  i.e.,  the  "  river  of 
golden  sands"),  is  estimated  to  have  a  length  of  nearly  lOOO 
miles.  The  Yang-tse-Kiang  receives  numerous  large  afflu- 
ents, drains  all  the  central  provinces  of  China,  and  brings 
down  great  quantities  of  mud,  which  has  formed  several  low 
islands  at  its  mouth.  It  is  crossed  by  the  Imperial  Canal, 
by  which  it  communicates  with  the  Hoang-Ho  River  and 
with  most  parts  of  China  proper.  The  tide  ascends  it  to 
Lake  Po-Yang,  450  miles  from  the  sea,  beyond  which 
it  is  navigable  for  250  miles,  and  it  may  be  navigated  to 
200  miles  from  its  mouth  by  ships  of  the  largest  class.  Coal 
is  said  to  be  plentiful  in  many  places  along  its  banks. 

Yani,  yi'nee,  or  Nyani,  ne-i'nee,  a  state  of  West 
Africa,  in  Senegambia,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Gambia  River, 
between  lat.  13°  and  14°  N.  and  Ion.  14°  and  15°  W,  The 
principal  towns  are  Pisania,  Yannemaroo,  Kartabar,  and 
Kontana. 

Yanik,  y&^neek',  a  fertile  district  of  Asia  Minor,  pa- 
shalic  of  Trebizond,  immediately  around  Samsoon,  Leeches 
are  exported  from  it  to  Europe  in  large  quantities. 

Yanina,  lanina,  or  Januina,  ySn'ne-nS,  (improp- 
erly Joannina ;  probably  the  ancient  Eurxa),^  a  city  of 
European  Turkey,  capital  of  the  vilayet  of  Yanina,  on  the 


TAN 


2869 


YAR 


W.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Yanina,  44  miles  N.  of  Arta.  Lat. 
39°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  36,000,  of  whom 
20,000  are  Greeks  and  from  6000  to  7000  Jews.  It  was 
mnoh  more  populous  before  1820,  when  it  was  burnt  down 
by  order  of  AH  Pasha.  The  town,  on  a  peninsula  stretching 
iato  the  lake,  is  meanly  built.  Its  principal  edifice  is  the 
fortress,  containing  the  palace  of  the  pasha.  Yanina  is 
the  residence  of  the  head  collector  of  customs  for  Yanina, 
and  of  foreign  consuls.  It  had  formerly  a  large  trade  with 
Albania,  Roumelia,  Ac,  and  an  important  annual  fair, 
to  which  Italian  produce  and  French  and  German  manu- 
factures were  brought ;  but  its  commerce  has  greatly  de- 
clined. The  Lake  of  Yanina  is  5  miles  in  length  by  3  miles 
in  greatest  breadth.  Opposite  the  city  is  a  small  island, 
to  which  Ali  Pasha  retired  from  the  sultan's  troops  before 
being  put  to  death  in  February,  1822. 

Yanina,  a  vilayet  of  European  Turkey,  in  the  S.  part 
of  Albania,  bordering  on  Greece,  extending  from  the  Adri- 
atic to  the  ^gean  Sea.  Area,  13,861  square  miles.  Pop. 
711,250.  Surface  mountainous,  the  range  of  the  Pindus 
dividing  it  into  the  provinces  of  Epirus  and  Thessaly. 
Flocks  of  goats  and  sheep  constitute  one  of  the  chief 
sources  of  wealth.  Olives  and  tobacco  are  grown,  and 
wine  is  produced.  The  commerce  of  the  country,  which 
was  formerly  considerable,  is  rapidly  declining.  Principal 
towns,  Janina  (the  capital),  Larissa,  Arta,  Trikhala,  Argyro- 
Castro,  and  Aviona. 

Yanitza,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Salonica.     Pop.  6000. 

Yank'ee,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa. 

Yankee  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Oroville.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Yankee  Hollow,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  HI., 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Freeport. 

Yankee  Jim's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Auburn. 

Yankee  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo. 

Yankee  Ridge,  Ohio.    See  Tiverton  Centbe. 

Yankee  Spring,  a  post-township  of  Barry  oo.,  Mioh., 
about  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  833. 

Yankee  ToAvn,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind., 
10  miles  S.  of  Booneville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  150. 

Yankee  Town,  a  village  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  30  miles 
from  McMinnville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Here  is  Spring  Mills  Post-Office. 

Yankee  Town,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo.,  Wis. 

Yank'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
borders  on  Nebraska.  Area,  about  515  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Dakota  or  James  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  undulating  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  which  connect  at  Yankton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2097 ;  in  1880,  8390 ;  in  1890,  10,444. 

Yankton,  a  city  of  South  Dakota,  and  prior  to  1883  the 
capital  of  Dakota  Territory,  is  situated  on  the  N.  (left)  bank 
of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Dakota  Southern  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sioux  City,  and  140  miles  in  a 
direct  line  N.N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  is  nearly  200  miles  by 
water  above  Omaha.  Elevation  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
about  1200  feet.  Lat.  42°  60'  N.  j  Ion.  96°  44'  W.  The  site 
is  a  level  plateau,  enclosed  on  several  sides  by  a  semicircle 
of  bluffs.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  a  jail, 
4  hotels,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banking-houses,  about  7 
churches,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  also  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  2  brew- 
eries, machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  several  grain- 
elevators.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  (except  in  winter) 
between  Yankton  and  other  ports,  and  ascend  the  river  as 
far  as  Fort  Benton.     Pop.  in  1880,  3431 ;  in  1890,  3670. 

Yankton  Reservation,  Charles  Mix  co.,  S.D.,  is  on 
the  Missouri  River,  65  miles  above  Yankton.  Here  is  a 
tract  of  land  reserved  for  the  Yankton  Sioux  Indians. 

Yannemaroo,  Yannemaron,  or  Yannemarn, 
yin^n^-mi-roo',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  West  Africa,  state 
of  Yani,  110  miles  E.  of  Bathurst,  near  the  river  Gambia. 
Lat.  13°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  W. 

Yanooshpol,  or  Yanonchpol,  yi-noosh-pol',  writ- 
ten also  lanouchpol,  lanntzpol,  and  Janntzpol, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Volhynia,  district  and  36 
miles  S.  of  Zhitomeer.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Yanopol,  lanopol,  or  Janopol,  yi-no'pol,  a  town 
of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Vilna,  148  miles  N.E. 
«f  Vilna.    Pop.  1500. 


Yanov,  lanoT,  Janow,  or  Janov,  yl'nov,  several 
market-towns  of  Russia,  the  principal  in  the  government 
of  Podolia,  on  the  Bug,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Lityn. 

Yan-Fhing,  or  Yen-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Fo-Kien,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Min 
River,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo,  and  stated  to  be  one  of 
the  handsomest  cities  in  the  empire. 

Yan-Tchoo,  or  Yan-Tcnou,  y&n^choo',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Sban-Toong,  capital  of  a  department, 
75  miles  S.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Yan-Tchoo,  or  Yan-Tchon,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Che-Eiang,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  llBien- 
Tang-Kiang  River,  115  miles  S.W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Yanteles,  y&n-t&'lds,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  AndM, 
in  Patagonia.    Lat.  43°  30'  S.     Height,  8030  feet. 

Yan'tic,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in 
Norwich  township,  on  the  Yantic  River  and  the  New  Lon- 
don Northern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has 
an  Episcopal  chapel  and  a  manufactory  of  flannel.    P.  376. 

Yantic  River,  New  London  oo..  Conn.,  runs  nearly 
southeastward,  and  unites  with  the  Shetucket  at  Norwich 
to  form  the  Thames  River. 

Yant'Iey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Yao-Nan,  yl^o-n&n',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Yan- 
Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ynn- 
Nan.  It  is  stated  to  have  a  large  trade  in  musk,  and  ip 
salt  produced  from  a  lake  in  its  vicinity. 

Yaooree,  Yaouri,  or  Yanri,  yi'oo-ree  or  ySw'ree, 
a  large  town  of  Central  Africa,  capital  of  a  state,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Quorra  (Niger),  65  miles  N.  of  Boossa.  It 
is  enclosed  by  a  high  and  strong  clay  wall,  and  entered  by 
8  gates.  Its  inhabitants  manufacture  coarse  gunpowder, 
saddlery,  and  clothing,  raise  indigo  and  tobacco,  and  rear 
large  herds  of  live-stock.  The  state  of  Yaooree  is  reported 
to  be  extensive  and  flourishing. 

Yao-Tchoo,  or  Yao-Tchon,  yi^o-choo',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  capital  of  a  department,  on 
a  river,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Po-Yang. 

Yap,  yip,  Onap,  wip,  or  Gonap,  gwip,  one  of  the 
Caroline  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  its  S.  extremity  in  lat.  9° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  138°  1'  E.    Length,  9  miles.     Pop.  2000. 

Yaphank,  ySp'&nk  or  yfip-Snk',  a  post-village  of  Suf- 
folk CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Brookhaven  township,  on  the  Connectiquot 
River  and  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Riverhead.  It  has  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  stores,  and 
the  county  almshouse. 

Yap'par,  a  river  of  Queensland,  Australia,  flowing  into 
the  S.E.  angle  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  in  Ion.  140°  45' 
E.    W.  of  it  is  a  tract  of  undulating  and  hilly  forest-land. 

Yapnra,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Japura. 

Yaqae,  y&'ki,  or  Yaqui,  yi-kee',  a  mountain-peak 
and  two  rivers  of  Hayti.  The  mountain  belongs  to  the 
Cibao  chain,  in  the  centre  of  the  island.  The  Grand  Yaque 
River  flows  from  it  N.W.  through  the  plain  of  Santiago, 
and  enters  the  bays  of  Monte  ChristC/  and  Manzanilla  by 
several  mouths,  after  a  total  course  of  100  miles.  The  other 
Yaque  River  flows  S.  and  joins  the  Neyva. 

Yaqui,  yi-kee',  or  Huaqni,  hwi-kee',  a  river  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  rises  N.  of  lat.  32°  N.,  flows  S. 
and  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  California  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Guaymas,  after  a  course  of  400  miles. 

Yaqnima  (or  Yakima)  River.    See  Yakima. 

Yaqni'na,  a  small  river  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  ram 
N.W.  and  W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  at  Newport. 

Yar,  a  river  of  England,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  enteri 
the  Solent  at  Yarmouth,  after  a  short  N.  course. 

Yaracuy,  yi-ri-kwee',  a  navigable  river  of  Venezuela, 
department  of  Caracas,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  80  mile% 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Triste  25  miles  W.  of  Puerto  Cabello. 
At  its  mouth  is  the  village  of  Yaracuy. 

Yaracuy,  or  Yaracui,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  enclosed 
by  Falcon,  Carabobo,  Cojedes,  and  Barquesimeto.  It  i§ 
fertile,  and  rich  in  metals.  Capital,  San  Felipe.  Pop.  in 
1873,  71,689. 

Yara-Dzang-bo-Tsoo.  SeeYAROo-DzAHo-Bo-Tsoo. 

Yaransk,  Jaransk,  yl-rinsk',  or  Yarensk,  yi- 
rinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Viatka,  on  the  Yaran.  Pop.  2939.  It  is  mostly  built  of 
wood,  and  has  several  churches,  and  a  flourishing  trade  in 
furs,  honey,  wax,  and  hops.    See  also  Yarensk. 

Yarapason,  yiVi-pi-sSn',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  Karamania,  on  the  Eizil-Irmak,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Mount 
Argaeus,  and  apparently  the  ancient  Osiana. 

Yar'borough,  a  post-office  of  Grimes  co.,  Tez. 

Yard'Iey  Go'bions,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  ot 
Northampton,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Stony  Stratford,     P.  654. 

Yard'ley-Ha'stings,  a  village  and  parish  of  Eng- 


YAR 


2870 


YAR 


land,  CO.  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a  very 
ancient  Norman  church,  with  a  square  tower.     Pop.  1188. 

Yard'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  New  York  (Bound  Brook)  di- 
vision of  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad  (which 
here  crosses  the  river),  30  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and 
about  5  miles  above  Trenton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  ofi5ce,  2  flour-mills,  <fco. 

Yard'ville,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  on  Doctor's  Creek  and  the  Camden  &  Amboy 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown,  and  5  miles  from 
Trenton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Yare  (anc.  Garienis  t),  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, passes  Norwich,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  and  enters 
the  North  Sea  2^  miles  S.  of  Yarmouth,  after  having  ex- 
panded into  Bredonwater,  which  receives  the  rivers  Bare 
and  Waveney. 

Yarenga,  larenga,  or  Jarenga,  yi-rfln'gi,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Vologda,  flows  S.  past 
the  town  of  Yarensk,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  90  miles, 
joins  the  Vitchegda. 

Yarensk,  larensk,  Jarensk,  yi-rinsk',  or  Ya- 
ransk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  365  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vologda.     Pop.  1169.     See  also  Yaransk. 

Yarkand,  yar^kind',  or  Yarkund,  yar^kQnd',  a  flour- 
ishing city  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on 
the  Yarkand  River,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Kashgar,  in  lat.  38° 
19'  N.,  Ion.  76°  7'  45"  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen 
rampart,  and  entered  by  5  gates,  outside  of  which  are  some 
very  straggling  suburbs,  and  a  stone  citadel  on  the  S. 
Another  and  much  larger  citadel  within  the  walls  is  now 
all  but  abandoned.  Its  houses  are  built  of  stone  and 
clay,  and  mostly  of  one  story ;  its  streets  are  intersected  by 
canals  and  aqueducts.  It  has  two  large  bazaars,  besides 
inferior  ones,  many  caravansaries  and  mosques,  and  10  or 
12  large  Mohammedan  colleges.  It  is  said  to  be  more  ex- 
tensive than  Kashgar,  and  is  now  the  chief  emporium  of 
the  trade  between  the  Chinese  Empire  and  the  countries 
beyond  its  W.  frontier.  Silk,  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen 
cloths  are  manufactured.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Turks 
or  Oozbeks,  and  Mohammedans  ;  among  them  are,  however, 
some  Eimauks  or  Persians,  Calmucks,  Armenian  Christians, 
and  about  200  Chinese  traders.  Yarkand  is  a  great  mart 
for  horses,  and  horse-flesh  is  sold  in  its  markets.  Pop. 
about  120,000.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  Moham- 
medan kingdom  of  Kashgar.  In  1863  a  revolt  broke  out, 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  a  Mohammedan  govern- 
ment, which  lasted  till  1878,  with  the  capital  at  Kashgar. 

Yarkand  (or  Yarkiang,  yar^ke-lng')  River,  a  river 
which  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Karakorum  Mountains, 
flows  mostly  N.E.,  and  near  lat.  40°  N.,  Ion.  80°  30'  E., 
unites  with  the  Kashgar,  Aksoo,  and  Yu-Rung-Kash,  to 
form  the  Tarim,  which  finally  enters  Lop  Nor,  a  lake  of 
the  Desert  of  Gobi.     Total  course,  500  miles. 

Yar'ker,  a  post-village  in  Addington  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Napanee,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory,  a  large  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Yarm,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Tees,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Darlington. 
Pop.  1340.  Its  commerce  has  declined  with  the  rise  of 
Stockton,  but  it  exports  salmon  and  provisions  to  London. 

Yarm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontiao  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  N. 
of  Clarendon  Centre. 

Yar'mouth,  Great,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal 
borough,  seaport  town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, on  its  E.  coast,  on  the  Norfolk  Railway,  19  miles  E. 
of  Norwich.  It  stands  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land  between 
the  sea  and  the  river  Yare,  across  which  it  communicates 
by  a  drawbridge  with  South-Town,  or  Little  Yarmouth,  and 
with  Gorlfston.  The  quay,  considered  one  of  the  finest  in 
Britain,  extends  along  the  river  for  about  1  mile,  and  here 
are  the  town  hall  and  council  chamber.  It  has  numerous 
churches,  a  borough  jail,  theatre,  custom-house,  large  ware- 
houses, a  hospital  for  children,  grammar-school,  fishermen's 
hospital,  and  a  military  lunatic  asylum.  On  the  coast  are 
several  batteries,  and  barracks  for  1000  men.  The  harbor 
is  in  the  Yare,  and  is  accessible  by  vessels  of  about  200  tons, 
and  the  town  has  an  extensive  trade  in  agricultural  prod- 
uce, malt,  and  fish.  Yarmouth  is  the  great  seat  of  the 
English  herring-fishery,  and  9000  tons  of  fish  have  been 
sent  hence  by  rail  in  a  year.  Ship-building  is  carried  on, 
and  it  has  a  manufactory  of  silk  goods.  Yarmouth  com- 
municates by  steam-packets  with  London,  Hull,  and  many 
other  ports  on  the  E.  coast.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Caister 
Castle  and  the  Roman  station  Garianonum.     Pop.  of  the 


town  in  1891,  49,318.  The  Yarmouth  Roads  are  between 
the  coast  and  a  line  of  outer  sand-banks  marked  by  buoys 
and  floating  lights. 

Yarmouth,  a  maritime  and  market  town  and  parish 
of  England,  Isle  of  AVight,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Yar,  9  miles  W.  of  Newport,  and  opposite  Lyming- 
ton,  to  which  it  has  a  ferry.     Pop.  806. 

Yarmonth,  yar'miith,  a  county  at  the  western  ex- 
tremity of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic,  and  in- 
tersected by  Tusket  River.  The  coasts  are  deeply  indented, 
and  the  surface  is  extremely  diversified  with  mountains, 
rivers,  and  lakes.  Area,  752  square  miles.  Pop.  18,550. 
Capital,  Yarmouth. 

Yarmouth,  yar'miith,  a  station  in  Des  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Burlington. 

Yarmonth,  a  post- village  in  Yarmouth  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  on  Royals  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland,  and 
1  mile  S.  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  paper,  a  foun- 
dry, and  quarries  of  granite.  Vessels  are  built  here.  Yar- 
mouth Station  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  is  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Portland.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2098. 

Yarmouth,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  ocean,  76  miles  S.E.  of 
Boston,  and  1  mile  from  Yarmouth  Station  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  4  churches.  The  township  is  a  part 
of  the  Cape  Cod  peninsula,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Cape  Cod  Bay.  It  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Yar- 
mouth Port.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2264. 

Yarmonth,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
Yarmouth  county,  on  a  small  bay,  205  miles  S.W.  of  Hali- 
fax, and  88  miles  from  Annapolis.  The  surrounding  coun- 
try is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  The  town  contains  many 
fine  public  buildings,  as  churches,  educational  institutions, 
banks,  hotels,  Ac.  The  Yarmouth  Seminary  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  handsomest  wooden  buildings  in  the  province. 
There  are  also  a  commercial  reading-room,  2  printing- 
offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery,  wooden-ware, 
Ac.  Yarmouth  is  the  chief  ship-building  place  in  the 
province,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  the  fisheries.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry,  and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Western  Coun- 
ties Railway,  connecting  it  with  Annapolis.     Pop.  3500. 

Yarmouth  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Onta- 
rio, on  the  London  A  Port  Stanley  Railroad,  11  miles  from 
London.  It  contains  a  cheese-factory,  a  tannery,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  160. 

Yarmonth  Port,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  on  the 
Cape  Cod  Railroad,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Boston,  and  2i  miles 
E.  of  Barnstable.  It  has  several  churches,  a  national  bank 
with  a  capital  of  $525,000,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded 
school. 

Yar'nallton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Fayette  co., 
Ey.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington. 

Yaroo-Dzang-bo-Tsoo,  or  Yarn-Dzang- 
bO'Tsn,  yi-roo'-dzing-bo-tsoo  ("clear  river  of  the 
west"),  the  principal  river  of  Thibet  proper,  which  it 
traverses  in  nearly  its  entire  length  from  W.  to  E.  It 
rises  about  Ion.  82°  E.  and  between  lat.  30°  and  31°  N., 
flows  E.,  receiving  in  Farther  Thibet  five  considerable 
affluents  from  the  N.  and  as  many  from  the  S.,  on  the  last 
of  which,  near  its  mouth  in  the  San-Poo,  stands  Teshoo- 
Loomboo. 

Yaroslav,  laroslav,  yi-ro-sliv',  Yaroslavl,  Ja- 
roslaw,  or  Jaroslavl,  a  government  of  European  Rus- 
sia, near  its  centre,  mostly  between  lat.  57°  and  59°  N. 
and  Ion.  38°  and  41°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments 
of  Novgorod,  Vologda,  Kostroma,  Vladimeer,  and  Tver. 
Area,  13,750  square  miles.  Pop.  1,082,782.  Surface  level, 
and  in  many  parts  marshy.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Volga, 
which  here  receives  the  rivers  Mologa  and  Sheksna,  and  in 
the  S.  is  Lake  Nero,  occupying  upwards  of  20  square  miles. 
The  soil  is  not  very  fertile,  and  the  annual  produce  of 
corn,  estimated  at  two  million  quarters,  is  insufficient  for 
the  population.  Rye,  wheat,  barley,  flax,  hemp,  and  fruits 
are  the  principal  crops.  Timber  is  scarce ;  live-stock  in- 
ferior. The  fisheries  in  the  Volga  are  important.  The 
government  is  chiefly  noted  for  manufacturing  industry : 
linen,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  silks,  hardwares, 
and  tobacco  are  wrought  in  the  towns,  and  the  peasants  are 
almost  everywhere  partially  engaged  in  domestic  manufac- 
tures.    Principal  towns,  Yaroslav,  Rostov,  and  Ooglitoh. 


YAR 


2871 


TAZ 


Yaroslav,  laroslav,  Jaroslaw,  or  Jaroslavl,  a 

city  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name, 
on  the  Volga,  at  the  influx  of  the  Kotorost,  160  miles  N.E. 
of  Moscow.  Pop.  26,429.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  palisade, 
and  is  pretty  well  built,  though  mostly  of  wood.  It  is  an 
episcopal  see,  and  has  60  churches,  which  give  it,  exter- 
nally, an  imposing  appearance,  several  convents,  a  theologi- 
eal  seminary,  a  citadel  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers,  the 
Demidoff  Lyceum,  founded  in  1803,  a  large  exchange,  vari- 
ous hospitals  and  asylums,  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk, 
linens,  leather,  tobacco,  &o.,  with  iron-,  copper-,  and  bell- 
foundries,  and  two  large  annual  fairs,  at  which  large  quan- 
tities of  its  manufactured  goods  are  sold. 

Yar'ra- Yar'ra,  a  river  of  Victoria,  and  the  principal 
stream  entering  Port  Phillip.  It  is  not  navigable  above 
Melbourne,  on  account  of  falls,  and  that  city  can  usually  be 
reached  only  by  vessels  of  60  tons'  burden,  the  mouth  of  the 
river  having  a  bar  with  only  9  feet  of  water  at  high  tide. 
Vessels  of  large  burden  load  and  unload  at  Williamstown, 
near  its  mouth.  At  Melbourne  it  is  commonly  from  40  to 
50  yards  across,  but  greatly  augmented  by  floods  in  winter 
and  spring.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Yar'riba,  or  Yornba,  yor'u-b4,  an  extensive  state  of 
Central  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  Gando,  E.  by  the  Niger  and 
Qando  Rivers,  and  W.  by  Dahomey.  Chief  towns,  Katunga, 
Abbeokoota,  and  Ibadan.  Area,  about  70,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  3,000,000.  It  has  extensive  forests  of  African 
teak,  sassa-wood,  ebony,  and  dififerent  kinds  of  palms. 

Yarrow,  ydr'ro,  a  river  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Selkirk,  rises 
at  Yarrow-Cleugh,  IJ  miles  E.  of  Loch  Skene,  flows  mostly 
eastward,  through  Lochs  Lowes  and  St.  Mary,  and  joins 
the  Ettrick  1^  miles  above  Selkirk.  Its  tributaries  are  at 
least  40,  but  are  small.     Length,  25  miles. 

Yarrow,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Selkirk,  of  which 
county  it  comprises  more  than  a  third,  containing  Ettrick 
Forest  and  several  petty  villages.  Sir  Walter  Scott  resided 
in  the  Ettrick  Forest  for  ten  years;  and  Hogg,  "The  Et- 
trick Shepherd,"  lived  and  died  in  this  parish. 

Yaru-Dzang-Bo.    See  YARoo-DzANa-Bo-Tsoo. 

Yaselda,  laselda,  yi-s51'd4,  or  Jasolda,  yi-sol'di, 
a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Grodno,  flows 
E.S'.E.,  expanding  into  Lake  Sporovskee,  and  joins  the  Pri- 
pets  E.  of  Pinsk.     Length,  130  miles. 

Yasi-Koi,  yi'see-koi,  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
Anatolia,  near  Zafaran-Boli,  and  containing  300  houses  of 
Mohammedans  and  75  houses  of  Greek  Christians,  which 
latter  people  manufacture  wine  and  opium.  A  good  deal 
of  saffron  is  raised  in  the  vicinity. 

Yass,  a  town  of  New  South  Wales,  East  Australia, 
counties  of  King  and  Murray,  capital  of  a  district,  on  Yass 
River,  an  affluent  of  the  Murrumbidgee,  46  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Goulbum.  Pop.  1167.  The  Yass  Plains,  surrounded 
on  every  side  by  forests,  are  from  9  to  12  miles  across. 

Yasso,  Abyssinia.     See  Anazo. 

Yassy,  or  Jassy,  yis'see,  written  also  Jasch,  a  city 
of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  is  situated  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Pruth,  in  a  plain  surrounded  by  low  hills,  200  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bucharest,  and  162  miles  N.W.  of  Odessa.  Pop.  about 
90,000.  The  modern  part  is  clean  and  well  built,  but  the 
older  part  is  a  collection  of  ruins  and  huts.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  college,  a  tribunal,  a  court  of  appeal,  a  museum 
with  a  public  library,  a  theatre,  5  hospitals,  a  society  of 
natural  history  and  medicine,  and  an  active  commerce  in 
agricultural  produce.  Numerous  fine  shops  have  lately 
been  opened.  It  is  connected  by  railroad  with  Galatz, 
Bucharest,  and  Odessa.  Before  the  union  of  Wallachia  and 
Moldavia,  Yassy  was  the  capital  of  the  latter. 

Yates,  yate,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  New 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  is  partly  intersected  by  Eeuka 
or  Crooked  Lake,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Canandaigua 
Lake,  all  of  which  present  beautiful  scenery.  It  is  drained 
by  Flint  Creek  and  the  outlet  of  Keuka  Lake.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  diversified  with  ridges,  valleys,  and 
ravines.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  barley,  In- 
dian corn,  wool,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
There  are  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Among  the  rocks  which  underlie 
the  soil  are  Portage  sandstone  and  Tully  limestone,  both 
Devonian.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad  of  the  Pennsylvania  system,  and  by  the 
Fall  Brook  Railway.  Capital,  Penn  Yan.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,595;  in  1880,  21,087;  in  1890,  21,001. 

Yates,  a  township  of  McLean  oo.,  HI.     Pop.  1048. 

Yates,  a  station  of  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  St.  Clair  &  Chicago  Air-Line,  29 
miles  N.  of  Detroit,  Mich. 


Yates,  or  Yates  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Yatea 
township,  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Lyndon  ville, 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lockport,  and  3  miles  from  Lake 
Ontario.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  Lyn- 
donville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2012. 

Yates  Centre,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Woodson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Centre  township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Neosho  Fallj. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1305. 

Yates  City,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Knox 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Qalesburg  <k  Peoria  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  banking-house. 
Pop.  about  750.  It  is  also  on  the  Buda  A  Rufihville  Rail- 
road. 

Yatesville,  ySts'vil,  a  post-o£5ce  of  Upson  co.,  Qa.,  11 
miles  from  Barnesville. 

Yatesville,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo..  111.    Pop.  1440. 

Yatesville,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Randolph  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad. 

Yatesville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  from  Spraker's  Basin. 

Yatesville,  a  hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Yatesville,  a  village  and  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Pitts- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Yatesville,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Shenan- 
doah.    Pop. 1000. 

Yatesville,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Yatova,  yi-to'vi,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  25  miles  from  Valencia,  on  the  Juanes.     Pop.  1461. 

Yatrib,  an  ancient  name  of  Medina,  a  city  of  Arabia. 

Yat^ayab'bee  Creek,  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into 
the  Chattahoochee  River. 

Yat'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  Eng- 
lish River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Iowa  City. 

Yauco,  ySw'ko,  a  small  town  of  Porto  Rico,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  the  island,  18  miles  W.  of  Ponce.     Pop.  2680. 

Yaupaugh,  yaw'paw,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  1  mile  from  Oakland.   It  has  2  churches. 

Yauri,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Yaooree. 

Yautepec,  yow-ti-pSk',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and 
40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mexico. 

Yavapai,  yiv'a-pi,  a  large  county  of  Arizona,  borders 
on  Utah  and  New  Mexico.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Colo- 
rado River  and  Little  Colorado  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Rio  Verde  and  other  rivers.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous.  The  county  is  occupied  by  several  ranges 
of  mountains,  between  which  are  extensive  table-lands  or 
plains.  Forests  of  pine  grow  on  the  mountains.  The  soil 
requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Gold  is  found  in 
several  parts.  Cretaceous,  Silurian,  and  volcanic  rocks 
underlie  the  soil.  Area  29,236  square  miles.  Capital,  Pres- 
cott.     Pop.  in  1870,  2142;  in  1880,  5013;  in  1S90,  8685. 

Yavary,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabary. 

Yaw'al,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay.  Pop. 
8140. 

Yaw'goo,  or  Yaw'ker,  a  village  in  Exeter  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence 
Railroad,  about  37  miles  from  Providence,  and  1  mile  from 
Slocumville.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  goods.  There 
is  a  church  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  130. 

Yaw'ry  Bay,  a  large  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Sierra  Leone, 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Freetown. 

Yax'ley,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  oo.  and  IS 
miles  N.  of  Huntingdon.  Pop.  1393.  A  little  E.  of  the 
village  is  Whittlesea-mere,  a  sheet  of  water  6  miles  long 
and  3  miles  broad,  abounding  in  fish. 

Yay-Gy^ee',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bengal, 
in  Pegu.     Pop.  4693. 

Yazoo,  yi'zoo  or  yA'zoo,  a  county  in  the  W.  central 

?art  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  1020  square  miles. 
t  is  intersected  by  the  Yazoo  River  (navigable  by  steam- 
boats), and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Big  Black  River. 
The  Sunflower  River  forms  part  of  its  western  boundary. 
The  surface  is  level  or  moderately  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  cypress,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
magnolia,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts :  about  25,000  bales  of  cotton  are  produced  annually. 
The  Louisiana  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
traverses  this  county.  Capital,  Yazoo  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,279:  in  1S80,  33,846;  in  1890,  36,394. 
Yazoo,  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.  See  California  JuKorioir. 
Yazoo  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss., 


YAZ 


2872 


YEK 


on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Yazoo  River,  about  48  miles  N.B.  of 
Vicksburg,  and  48  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  1  or 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  6  churches,  an  aoademj,  and 
an  oil-mill.  A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here  in 
steamboats,  which  navigate  the  river  above  and  below  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1880,  2642;  in  1890,  3286. 

ITazoo  RiTer^  Mississippi,  is  formed  by  the  Tallahat- 
chee  and  Yalabusha  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Leflore  co.  It 
runs  southward  and  southwestward  with  a  very  sinuous 
course,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Holmes,  Yazoo,  and  Warren, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  3  miles  above  Vicks- 
burg. It  is  about  280  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  by 
steamboats,  which  can  ascend  from  its  mouth  to  its  origin 
in  all  stages  of  water.  It  is  a  sluggish  river,  flowing  through 
a  rich  and  nearly  level  country. 

Yazva,  lazva,  or  Jaswa,  jis'vi,,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  government  of 
Perm,  flows  generally  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  120 
miles,  joins  the  Vishera  about  15  miles  E.  of  Cherdyn. 

Yba^  an  island  of  Luzon.     See  Iba. 

YbbS)  a  town  and  river  of  Lower  Austria.    See  Ips. 

YbbsitZy  a  market-town  of  Austria.    See  Ipsitz. 

Ybera,  a  lake  of  South  America.    See  Ibera. 

Yberg,  Iberg,  ee'bdRO,  or  Ibrig,  ee'bria,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Schwytz.  It  has 
medicinal  springs.     Pop.  1965. 

Ybicuy^  e-Be-kwee',  a  river  of  Uruguay,  rises  on  the 
Brazilian  frontier,  and  joins  the  Paraguay  River,  after  a 
W.  course  of  200  miles. 

Y^a^  a  town  and  department  of  Peru.     See  IgA. 

Ye,  a  river  of  British  Burmah,  has  a  short  course,  but 
is  navigable  by  boats  for  about  20  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Ye,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  formerly  capital  of  a 
province  on  the  Tenasserim  coast,  on  the  river  Ye,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Maulmain. 

Yeadon,  y5'd9n,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Leeds.     It  has  woollen-mills.     Pop.  5246. 

Yeagertown,  ya'gh^r-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Mifflin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mifflin  &  Centre  County  Branch  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Yeak'ley,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Mo. 

Yealmpton,  ySlmp't^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Yealm.     Pop.  1054. 

Yeater's  (ya't^rz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge 
CO.,  W.  Va. 

Yeatesville,  yats'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co., 
N.C.,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Newborn.     It  has  a  church. 

Yeatman,  yat'man,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Yebenes,  yi'si-nfis,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province 
and  21  miles  S.  of  Toledo.     Pop,  3904. 

Y6bleron,  yi^bl^h-rftu*',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1625. 

Yebuah,  y&-boo'&,  a  small  and  lofty  island  in  the  Red 
Sea,  off  the  Arabian  coast,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Moilah. 

Yecla,  yi'kli,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  44  miles 
N.  of  Murcia,  on  the  Jumilla.  Pop.  11,669.  It  stands  at 
the  foot  of  a  height  crowned  by  a  ruined  Moorish  castle. 
It  has  many  brandy-distilleries,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and 
fruits. 

Yeddo,  Yedo,  or  Jeddo,  a  city  of  Japan.  See  Tokio. 

Yeddo,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Yeddo. 

Yee-Tchang,  or  Yi>Tchang,  China.  SeeE-CHiNo. 

Yee-Tchoo,  or  Yi-Tchou,  yee^choo',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  capital  of  a  department, 
on  the  Y-Ho,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Yefremov,  lefremov,  or  Jefremov,  yfifri-mov', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  78  miles  S.E.  of  Toola. 
Pop.  7402.  It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and  has 
several  suburbs,  numerous  churches,  and  4  annual  fairs. 

Yefterevskaia,  lefterevskaia,  or  Jefterew- 
skaja,  y8f-ti-rfiv-ski'i,  a  market-town  of  South  Russia, 
in  the  Don  Cossack  country,  on  the  Medvieditza,  225  miles 
N.E.  of  Novo-Cherkask.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ye  gen,  or  Yezen,  yk-ain',  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  about  45  miles  from  Granada,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.     Pop.  1256. 

Yegorlyk,  or  Jegorlyk,  yi-gor-lik',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  a  N.  branch  of  the  mountains  of  Caucasus, 
near  the  frontiers  of  Circassia,  and  joins  the  Manitch  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Bol-Ilmen  Lake.     Length,  about  190  miles. 

Yegoryevsk,  Jegorievsk,  or  Jegorjevsk,yi-gor- 
yivsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  58  miles  N.W. 
of  Riazan.     Pop.  5101. 

Yegua  (ySg'waor  yi'wi)  Creek,  Texas,  an  affluent  of 
the  Brazos,  is  formed  by  3  branches,  the  First,  Second,  and 
Third  Yegua,  which  unite  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Washing- 


ton CO.  It  follows  that  boundary  until  it  enters  the  river, 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Independence. 

Yeia,  leia,  or  Jeia,  yi'yi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  country  of  the  Don  Cossacks,  flows  first  N.W.  and  then 
W.,  and  falls  into  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Sea  of 
Azof.     Length,  about  140  miles. 

Yeisk,  or  Jeisk,  yi'isk,  a  seaport  of  Russia,  in  Cis- 
caucasia, government  of  Kooban,  on  the  Sea  of  Azof,  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Novo-Cherkask.  It  has  an  important  trade 
in  grain,  wool,  and  linseed.     Pop.  28,070. 

Yejubbi,  ye-jiib'bee,  a  large  commercial  town  of  Abys- 
sinia, in  Amhara,  district  of  Gojam,  N.  of  the  Abai  River. 

Yekaterinboorg,Iekaterinbourg,yi-ki-ti-reen. 
boong',  Jekaterineuburg,  yA-ki-ti-re-n§n-booRg',  or 
Ekaterinburg,  i-k4-ti-reen-booRg'  (i.e.,  "Catherine's 
borough"),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  the  Ural  mining  dis- 
trict, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  government  and 
170  miles  S.E.  of  Perm,  lat.  56°  50'  14"  N.,  Ion.  60°  34'  44" 
E.,  on  both  banks  of  the  Iset,  about  860  feet  above  sea-level. 
The  streets  are  long  and  straight,  but  unpaved,  having,  how- 
ever, planks  or  logs  laid  on  each  side  for  foot-passengers. 
The  principal  street  runs  parallel  with  the  river,  and  is 
crossed  by  numerous  smaller  streets,  leading  directly  to  the 
bank  of  the  Iset.  A  number  of  the  houses  are  of  wood,  but 
there  are  also  a  great  many  of  stone,  built  in  a  handsome 
and  substantial  style  and  possessing  as  much  internal  com- 
fort as  exterior  elegance.  On  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  river 
the  buildings  are  spread  over  an  extensive  plain,  which  is 
connected  with  the  city  by  a  handsome  bridge;  these  build- 
ings include  the  government  magazines,  mills,  factories,  &c., 
and  enclose  an  extensive  square  or  market-place.  On  the 
opposite  side  the  streets  are  spacious  and  elegant,  and  the 
stone  edifices,  the  habitations  of  merchants  and  mine-pro- 
prietors, exceedingly  handsome.  The  cutting,  polishing, 
and  engraving  of  precious  stones  form  a  principal  branch 
of  industry  in  Yekaterinboorg,  and  the  art  is  here  brought 
to  the  greatest  perfection.     Pop.  (1885)  31,917. 

Yekaterinmskoi,  or  Jekaterininskoi,  y&-k&-t&- 
re-nin-skoi',  a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  and  90 
miles  N.E.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Viatka  River. 

Yekaterinodar,  lekaterinodar,  or  Jekateri- 
nodar,  yd,-ki-t4-re-no-daR',  written  also  £kateriuo- 
dar,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Koo- 
ban, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Kooban  River,  about  100  miles 
above  its  mouth,  and  125  miles  S.  of  Azof.  Yekaterinodar 
is  the  seat  of  a  Cossack  hetman  and  other  authorities  for  the 
district.  It  has  a  cathedral  with  6  modern  towers.  On 
every  side  is  swamp  and  morass,  forming  a  mud  defence  to 
the  town,  in  which  carriage,  horse,  and  traveller  often  stick 
fast  for  hours.     Pop.  (1884)  27,347. 

Yekaterinograd,  lekaterinograd,  or  Jekate- 
rinograd,  y&-k&-t&-re-no-grS,d',  written  also  Ekate- 
rinograd,  a  town  and  fortress  of  Russia,  government  of 
Stavropol,  20  miles  W.  of  Mosdok,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Terek.     Lat.  43°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  55'  E.     This  is  an  im- 

Siortant  military  post  of  the  Cossacks  of  the  line,  and  was 
bunded  in  1777  by  Prince  Potemkin,  to  whose  memory 
a  stone  triumphal  arch  was  here  erected  by  the  Empress 
Catherine  II.    Pop.  2473. 

Yekaterinopol,  or  Jekaterinopol,  y&-k&-UL-re- 
no'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  103  miles  S.  of 
Kiev. 

Yekaterinoslav,  lekaterinoslav,  Jekaterino- 
slav,  or  Jekaterinoslaw,  y4-ki,-td,-re-no-8l&v',  written 
also  Ekaterinoslav  and  Ekaterinoslaw,  a  govern- 
ment of  South  Russia,  lat.  47°  to  49°  20'  N.,  Ion.  33°  30'  to 
39°  40'  E.  Area,  26,147  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into 
two  sections  by  the  Dnieper,  about  three-fourths  lying  E. 
and  one-fourth  W.  of  that  river.  The  E.  portion  belongs  to 
the  steppe  country  of  South  Russia,  being  flat,  monotonous, 
without  trees,  often  without  water,  and  with  a  lean  salifer- 
ous  soil.  The  W.  portion  is  more  undulating,  and  more 
fruitful.  The  minerals  are  granite,  lime,  chalk,  salt,  and 
garnets.  Wheat,  spelt,  barley,  and  oats  are  raised  in  quan- 
tity sufficient  for  local  consumption ;  and  hemp,  flax,  pop  • 
pies,  pease,  vegetables,  and  fruits  are  also  cultivated.  The 
chief  wealth  of  the  government  consists  in  its  innumerable 
herds  of  horses,  oxen,  sheep  (many  of  them  merinoes),  goats, 
and  swine.  Bees  yield  a  large  return ;  and  the  silk-cul- 
ture is  carried  on  by  the  Greeks  at  Mariopol  and  the  Arme- 
nians at  Nakhchivan.  Some  cloth,  leather,  candles,  and 
beer  are  made,  and  tallow-smelting  is  carried  on ;  and  there 
are  no  less  than  225  distilleries.  Capital,  Yekaterinoslav. 
Pop.  1,697,061. 

Yekaterinoslav,  lekaterinoslav,  Jekaterino- 
slav,  Ekaterinoslav,  or  Ekaterinoslaw,  a  fortified 
town  of  South  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  its  own 


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name,  820  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  and  76  miles  S.E. 
of  Poltava,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.  Lat.  48° 
27'  50"  N.;  Ion.  35°  5'  53"  E.  Pop,  41,098.  It  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  an  eoolesiastical  seminary,  7 
churches,  a  public  library,  a  botanic  garden,  manufactures 
of  cloths  and  silks,  and  an  annual  fair.  It  was  founded  by 
the  Empress  Catherine  II.  in  1784. 

Yekaterinskaia,  lekaterinskaia,  or  Jekate- 
rinskt^a,  y&-k&-tii-reen-8ki'&,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don 
Cossack  count-y,  on  the  Donets,  56  miles  N.N.E.  of  Novo- 
Cherkask.     Pop.  1365. 

Yekaterinskaia^  a  market-town  of  Russia,  gorern- 
ment  of  Koorsk,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Novoi-Oakol. 

Yekaterinstadt,  Jekaterinstadt,  y&-k&-t&-reen- 
st&tt',  or  Yekaterinograd,  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga. 

Yelabooga,  lelabouga,  or  Jelabuga,  yiL-l&-boo'- 
g&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  210  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Viatka,  on  the  Kama,  near  a  small  lake.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  a  Shaman  temple,  where  there  was  long  a  celebrated 
oracle.     Pop.  7577. 

Yelagooi,  lelagoui,  or  Jelagui,  y&-]&-goo'ee,  or 
£lagui,  i-li-goo'ee,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  lat.  63°  N. 
and  Ion.  83°  E.,  in  the  government  of  Yeniseisk,  flows  E., 
and,  dividing  into  several  arms,  joins  the  Yenisei  on  the 
left,  in  lat.  63°  N.  and  Ion.  90°  E.     Length,  200  miles. 

Yelan,  Russia.     See  Novodmitrievskoe. 

Yelatom,  lelatom^or  Jelatom,  yM&-tom',or  Je- 
latina,  yi-l4.t'm&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  158 
miles  N.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Oka.  Pop.  7107.  It  has 
several  churches,  manufactures  of  vitriol  and  copper  wares, 
and  a  flourishing  export  trade. 

Yelets,  lelets,  or  Jeletz,  yi-lfits',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  102  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Sosna.  It 
is  old,  but  regularly  built,  with  paved  streets,  and  has  12 
stone  and  2  wooden  churches,  3  poor-houses,  manufactures 
of  soap,  leather,  ironware,  and  jewelry,  a  bell-foundry, 
numerous  locksmith-shops,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  corn. 
Iron  abounds  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  (1883)  36.678. 

Yelisavetgrad,  lelisabetgrad,  or  Jelisabet- 
grad,  yi-le-z4-vfit^grid',  written  also  Elisabetgrad 
and  Elisavetgrad,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  130  miles  N.  of  Kherson,  on  the  Ingool  (Ingul). 
Pop.  57,079.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  several  suburbs, 
military  magazines,  and  a  large  hospital. 

Yelisavetpol,  yi-le-z4-v5t-por,  Elisavetopol,  4- 
le-zS,-v4-to'pol,  Elizavetpol,  or  Ganja,  gin'ji,  a  for- 
tified town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  90  miles  S.E.  of 
Tiflis.  It  was  formerly  important  as  the  residence  of  an 
Aghovavian  primate  and  a  Persian  khan.  Near  it  are  the 
Tillages  of  Anenfeld  and  Helmendorf,  two  German  colonies. 
Pop.  16,167. 

Yelisavetpol,  or  Elisavetpol,  a  government  of 
Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  bordering  on  the  S.E.  upon  Per- 
sia. Area,  17,114  square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the  former 
kingdom  of  Georgia.     Capital,  Yelisavetpol.     Pop.  529,412. 

Yell,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  the  Second 
of  the  group  in  size,  and  the  most  N.  except  Unst,  is  sepa- 
rated on  the  S.  from  Mainland  by  Yell  Sonnd.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  17  miles ;  extreme  breadth,  7i  miles.  Area, 
94  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  agricul- 
ture is  almost  entirely  neglected,  whale-  and  other  fishing 
being  the  chief  employment.     Pop.  2732. 

Yell,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an  area 
of  about  936  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Fourche  la 
Fave  and  Petit  Jean  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  white  oak, 
yellow  pine,  chestnut,  hemlock,  walnut,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  Capitals,  Danville  and  Dardanelle.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8048;  in  1880,  13,862;  in  1890,  18,015. 

Yell,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1709. 

Yell,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  405. 

Yell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Lewisburg. 

Yellala  (yil-Wii)  Falls,  a  series  of  cataracts  of  the 
Congo  River,  140  miles  from  the  sea. 

Yellow  Bird,  Pickaway  co.,  0.     See  Kinderhook. 

Yellow  Blntf,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on  th« 
Alabama  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Yellow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Yellow  Breeches  (y61'lo-britch*fz)  Creek,  Penn- 
sylvania,  rises  in  Cumberland  co.,  runs  E.N.E.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River  about  4  miles  below  Harrisburtr. 
181 


Yellow  Bad,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  i  mile  W.  of  the  Scioto 
River,  and  14  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe.  It  baa  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Yellow  Creek  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Lamar  co., 
Ala.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Luxapatilla  Creek  in 
Mississippi,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Yellow  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  co.,  runa 
southward  through  Linn  co.,  and  enters  Grand  River  in 
Chariton  co.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  if 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Yellow  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Carroll  oo.,  runs  nearly 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  JeJBTerson  oo.,  about 
4  miles  below  Wellsville. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  oo.,  Ga. 

Yellow  Creek>  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  oo.,  IlL* 
about  12  miles  W.  of  Freeport. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tishemingo  oo.,  MIm., 
10  miles  N.W.  of  luka. 

Yellow  Creek,  township,  Chariton  co..  Mo.   P.  1018. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.   P.  8126. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Graham  oo.,  N.C. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbiana  oo.,  0. 
Pop.  3088.     It  contains  Wellsville. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsbnrg 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Steubenville,  0. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa., 
about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  flour-mill 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn 

Yellow  Dirt,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga. 

Yellow  Head,  township,  Kankakee  oo..  111.   P.  1492. 

Yellow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  Ky. 

Yellow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

YelloAV  House,  a  post-office  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa. 

YellOAV  Jacket  Creek,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  runs  sonth- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  River  about  10 
miles  W.  of  La  Grange. 

Yellow  Knife,  a  river  of  British  North  America, 
enters  the  Great  Slave  Lake,  after  a  southward  course  of 
at  least  130  miles. 

Yellow  Lake,  of  Alexandria  township,  Jefferson  oo., 
N.Y.,  is  about  3  miles  long. 

Yellow  Medicine,  med'i-s!n,  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area 
of  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Lac  Qui  Parlo 
and  Yellow  Medicine  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Granite  Falls.  Pop.  in  1880, 
5884 ;  in  1890,  9854. 

Yellow  Medicine,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medi- 
cine CO.,  Minn.,  30  miles  N.  of  Marshall.     Pop.  430. 

Yellow  Medicine  River,  Minnesota,  rises  near  the 
W.  boundary  of  the  state,  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction,  and 
enters  the  Minnesota  River  in  Yellow  Medicine  oo.  It  it 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Yellow  Rabbit,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Miss. 

Yellow  River,  China.    See  Hoang-Ho. 

Yellow  River,  the  name  of  several  streams  in  Ire- 
land, tributaries  to  the  Moy  and  the  Boyne. 

Yellow  River,  or  Yellow  Water,  rises  in  the  8. 
part  of  Alabama,  and  passes  into  Florida,  in  which  it  roni 
southwestward  and  enters  Pensacola  Bay. 

Yellow  River,  Georgia,  rises  in  Gwinnett  oo.,  run« 
nearly  southward,  and  unites  with  the  Ulcofauhatchee  River 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  Newton  co.  to  form  the  Ocmulgee. 

Yellow  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Marshall  co.,  flow* 
S.,  then  W.,  through  Starke  co.,  and  falls  into  the  Kankakee 
River  5  miles  W.  of  Knox. 

Yellow  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of 
Clark  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Wood  oo.,  and  enter* 
the  Wisconsin  River  in  Juneau  co.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
New  Lisbon. 

Yellow  River,  of  Chippewa  oo..  Wis.,  runs  S.W.,  and 
enters  the  Chippewa  River  5  miles  above  Chippewa  Falls. 

Yellow  River,  a post-officeof  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  about 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Yellow  River,  a  station  in  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  oa 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  23  miles  B. 
of  Lansing. 

Yel'low  Sea  (Chinese,  Whang-Hai,  hw&ng^hi'),  an 
extensive  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
China,  between  lat.  33°  and  41°  N.,  Ion.  117°  22' and  127'» 
10'  E.,  having  W.  the  Chinese  provinces  Kiang-Soo,  Shan- 
Toong,  and  Pe-Chee-Lee,  N.  Leao-Tong,  and  £.  the  penis- 


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mla  of  Corea.  Length,  about  620  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
about  400  miles.  North  and  N.W.  it  terminates  in  the 
Gulfs  of  Leao-Tong  and  Pe-Cbee-Lee,  into  the  latter  of 
which  flow  numerous  large  and  important  rivers.  Two 
peninsulas  project  into  the  Tellow  Sea,  one  in  the  province 
of  Leao-Tong,  terminating  in  the  narrow  point  called  the 
"  Regent's  Sword  ;"  the  other  in  Shan-Toong,  terminating 
in  the  promontory  of  the  same  name.  On  the  E.  coast  are 
numerous  groups  of  islets,  part  of  which  are  included  in 
the  Corean  Archipelago.  The  Yellow  Sea  is  very  shallow, 
and  obtains  its  name  from  the  muddy  lemon-yellow  color 
of  its  water  near  the  land,  arising  from  the  nature  of  the 
bottom,  which  is  often  touched  by  vessels  navigating  the 
sea.  The  large  quantity  of  alluvium  continually  brought 
into  it  by  the  rivers  Hoang-Ho  and  Yang-tse-Kiang  causes 
it  gradually  to  decrease  in  depth.  No  cities  of  importance 
are  on  its  shores. 

Yellow  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  E.  of  Altoona. 

Yellow  Spring,  a  station  in  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Har- 
risburg. 

Yellow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Yellow  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in 
Miami  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  10  miles  N. 
of  Xenia,  and  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  is  noted 
for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery,  and  has  a  medicinal  spring 
which  discharges  100  gallons  of  water  in  a  minute.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  a  normal  school,  2  hotels,  and  Antioch  Col- 
lege (non-sectarian),  which  was  organized  in  1859  and  is 
open  to  both  sexes.  This  college  has  14  instructors  and  a 
library  of  6000  volumes.  Yellow  Springs  is  a  summer  resort 
for  invalids.     Pop.  1435. 

Yellow  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Enoxville. 

Yellow  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Wis. 

Yel'lowstone  Lake,  Wyoming,  formerly  Sub- 
lette's Lake,  lies  at  the  N.E.  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, in  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  7788  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  greatest 
extent  is  about  20  miles,  and  its  greatest  depth  is  300  feet. 
Its  outlet  is  the  Yellowstone  River,  which  issues  from  the 
northern  end  of  the  lake.  The  Upper  Yellowstone  River 
enters  at  the  opposite  side.  This  lake  is  surrounded  on 
several  sides  by  high  mountains,  among  which  are  Mount 
Sheridan  and  Mount  Langford. 

Yellowstone  Mountains,  Montana,  a  range  of 
mountains  extending  along  the  eastern  side  of  the  Yellow- 
stone River,  commencing  near  the  Lower  Canon  and  ending 
abruptly  in  the  bend  of  the  Yellowstone,  near  the  entrance 
of  Shields  River.  It  is  described  by  Professor  Hayden  as 
"one  of  the  most  symmetrical  and  beautiful  ranges  of 
mountains  in  Montana."  The  altitude  of  Emigrant  Peak 
is  10,629  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  summits  of  this 
range  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Yellowstone  National  Park  is  mostly  in  Wyo- 
ming, and  includes  a  small  part  of  Montana.  It  is  about 
65  miles  long  and  55  miles  wide,  extending  from  lat.  44°  9' 
N.  to  45°  2'  2".  Its  eastern  boundary  is  about  Ion.  110° 
9'  W.,  and  its  western  boundary  is  Ion.  111°  14'  33"  W. 
Area,  3578  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Yellow- 
stone River,  which  here  runs  northward,  and  it  is  drained 
by  the  head-streams  of  the  Madison  and  Snake  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  grand  mountain-scenery, 
beautiful  lakes,  geysers,  hot  springs,  and  cataracts.  The 
mountains  are  of  volcanic  origin.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  are  Mount  Sheridan  and  Mount  Washburn.  Among 
the  most  admirable  features  of  the  park  are  the  grand 
Canon  of  the  Yellowstone,  and  the  cataract  which  that 
river  forms  at  the  head  of  the  canon,  where  it  contracts  to 
a  width  of  100  feet,  rushes  over  a  ledge  of  trachyte,  and 
falls  397  feet  at  one  leap.  This  is  called  the  Lower  Fall  of 
the  Yellowstone,  and  is  about  12  miles  N.  of  Yellowstone 
Lake.  About  half  a  mile  above  it  is  the  Upper  Fall,  which 
is  140  feet  high.  By  an  act  of  Congress,  passed  in  1872, 
this  tract  was  "  reserved  and  withdrawn  from  settlement, 
occupancy,  or  sale,"  and  "  set  apart  as  a  public  park  for  the 
benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the  people."  Numerous  geysers 
occur  in  the  W.  part  of  the  park,  some  of  which  eject  in- 
termittent jets  of  hot  water  to  a  height  of  250  feet. 

Yellowstone  River,  the  largest  affluent  of  the  Mis- 
souri, rises  in  Wyoming,  in  the  "  divide"  or  main  range  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  about  lat.  44°  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  about  25  miles,  enters  Ykllowstone  Lake 
(which  see),  at  an  altitude  of  7788  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Issoing  from  the  northern  end  of  this  lake,  it  runs  north- 
ward through  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  and  forms  two 


grand  cataracts.  It  next  crosses  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  National  Park,  and  enters  Montana,  in  which  it  runs 
northward  through  a  mountainous  country  in  which  gold  is 
found.  It  passes  through  another  stupendous  cafion,  called 
the  Lower  Canon,  which  is  3  miles  long  and  very  deep. 
Near  the  mouth  of  Shields  River  it  emerges  from  the  moun- 
tains into  the  plains,  and  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction  to  the 
mouth  of  Powder  River,  traversing  a  fertile  country,  in 
which  the  cretaceous  and  tertiary  formations  prevail.  It 
finally  flows  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  on  the 
W.  boundary  of  North  Dakota,  about  1  mile  below  Fort 
Union,  and  about  lat.  48°  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  1100 
miles.  Its  mouth  is  about  2000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Horn, 
300  miles  or  more,  during  high  water.  Its  largest  affluent 
is  the  Big  Horn,  which  enters  from  the  right.  The  name 
Yellowstone  is  said  to  be  derived  from  a  long  ridge  of  yellow 
sandstone  which  forms  the  steep  bluff  of  the  river  above  tha 
mouth  of  the  Big  Horn. 

Yellow  Store,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

Yellow  Sulphur,  a  post-office  of  Blount  oo.,  Tenn. 

Yellow  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  and  water 
ing-place  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  3^  miles  from  Christians- 
burg,  and  80  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  Here  is  a  medicinal 
spring,  with  hotel  accommodations  for  about  500  guests. 

Yellow- Water,  Alabama  and  Florida.  See  Yellow 
River. 

Yell'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  oo.,  Ark., 
on  an  affluent  of  White  River,  about  120  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Little  Rock.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Yelm,  yglm,  a  post-office  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Northern  Paoifio  Railroad,  at  Yelm  Prairie  Station, 
26  miles  S.  of  Taooma.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Yelnia,  lelnia,  Jelnia,ydrne-&,  orYelna,  yil'n&, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sme- 
lensk,  on  the  Desna.     Pop.  3861. 

Yel'verton,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kenton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Yel'vington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ey.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Yemamah,  or  Yemameh,  ydm-&'m&,  a  district  of 
Nedjed,  with  a  valley  (wady)  of  its  own  name,  regarded  as 
the  garden  of  Arabia.     Lat.  about  24°  N. ;  Ion.  47°  30'  E. 

Yem^assee',  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Port  Royal  A  Augusta  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Sa- 
vannah &  Charleston  Railroad,  53  miles  W.  of  Charleston, 
and  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Royal. 

Yem'bo,  or  Yambo,  y&m'bo,  a  maritime  town  of 
Arabia,  in  El  Hejaz,  on  a  low,  sandy,  and  bare  tract  near 
the  Red  Sea,  130  miles  S.W.  of  Medina,  of  which  city  it  is 
the  port.  It  consists  of  about  1500  houses,  enclosed  by  a 
wall.  It  has  a  sheltered  harbor,  and  is  garrisoned  by 
Egyptian  troops ;  but  it  is  in  decay.  Yembo  is  a  place  of 
transit  for  pilgrims  from  Egypt  to  the  holy  cities  of  Arabia. 

Yemen,  ydm'^n,  a  principal  division  of  Arabia,  occu- 
pies the  S.W.  angle  of  the  peninsula,  adjacent  to  the  Strait 
of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  It  was  known  to  the  Romans  as  Arabia 
Felix,  the  "  Happy  or  Fortunate  Arabia."  Yemen,  in  the 
widest  sense,  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Red  Sea,  S.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Aden,  N.  by  El  Hejaz  and  Nedjed,  and  E.  by  Hadramaut, 
the  portion  next  the  Red  Sea  being  called  Tehama.  It  con- 
sists mostly  of  an  arid  plain,  but  the  interior  is  mountain- 
ous. Chief  products,  myrrh  and  coflFee.  Principal  towns, 
Sana,  Mocha,  and  Aden,  the  last  now  a  British  station. 
Banks  of  coral  line  the  sea-shore,  and,  wherever  they  leave 
an  opening,  afford  secure  anchorage  within.  Pop.  about 
2,250,000. 

Yemtsa,  lemtsa,  Jemtza,  ySmt'si,  or  Emtza,  a 
river  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel,  joins  the  Dwina 
on  the  left.     Length,  95  miles. 

Yenangyonng,  ySn^ing-ySwng',  a  town  of  Burmah, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Ava.  It  is  a  great 
depot  of  petroleum,  here  largely  obtained.     Pop.  8000. 

Yen- Chow,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong, 
75  miles  S.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Yen-Chow-Foo,  y8n-ch5w^foo',  or  Yen-Tcheou- 
Fou,  y8n^chfi-oo*foo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hoei-Choo  or  Green  River 
with  the  Tsien-Tang-Kiang,  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Hang- 
Chow-Foo.  Lat.  29°  37'  N.;  Ion.  119°  32'  E.  It  has  manu- 
factures  of  lacquered  ware,  and  a  little  below  the  town  are 
two  handsome  pagodas. 

Yendi,  yfin'dee,  a  town  of  Africa,  240  miles  N.  of  the 
Bight  of  Benin.     Pop.  4000. 

Yendovichtska,  Jendovichtska,  yto-do-veeoht'- 


YEN 


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ak&,  or  Endovichtcha,  a  town  of  Russia,  gorernment 
and  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Voronezh,  near  the  Don. 

Yendua,  y5n-doo'4,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  South 
Pacific  Ocean,  W.  of  Sandalwood  Bay.  Lat.  16°  60'  S.; 
Ion.  178°  14'  W.  It  is  about  12  miles  in  circuit.  On  theS. 
of  it  is  Porpoise  Harbor. 

Yengan,  a  town  of  China.     See  Yen-Noan-Foo. 

Yeiigi-Hissar,  yfing'ee  his^sar',  or  Yengishar, 
yfingMs-har'  ("  new  castle"),  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan, 
85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yarkand,  on  the  route  to  Kashgar. 

Yeni,  y4n'ee\  or  Yengi,  y5ng'ee\  a  Turkish  word 
signifying  " new,"  forming  theprefix  of  various  names. 

Yeni-Bazar,  or  Jeni-Bazar,  ySn'ee^  bi-zar',  a 
market-town  of  Bulgaria,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Shoomla.  Pop. 
8000.     It  has  warm  baths. 

Yeni-Bazar,  a  town  of  Bosnia.    See  Novi-Bazab. 

Yenidje,  Yenidge,  yi'nee-ji  or  ySn'ij-5,  or  Yen- 
Idje-Vardar^  y4'nee-ji  vaR^daR',  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salonica,  with 
numerous  mosques  and  schools.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of 
the  town  of  Pella,  the  birthplace  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

Yenidje  (or  Jenidge),  Lake.    See  Langaza. 

Yenidje  Kara-Soo  (-Sou  or  -Su),  y&'nee-ji  ki'ri 
soo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  98  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Qallipoli,  near  the  Gulf  of  Lagos.     Pop.  2500. 

Yenidje  (or  Jenidge)  Kizilagadj?  yi'nee-ji  kiz'- 
il-i-gidj',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the 
Toonja,  32  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Adrianople.     Pop.  2300. 

Yenijah,  y5n'e-ji\  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of 
Azerbaijan,  18  miles  E.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman. 

Yenvjah)  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio  and  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Seevas. 

Yenikale,  lenikale,  or  Jenikale,  ydnVk&'li, 
written  also  Janikul,  Jenikal,  or  Enikale,  a  fortified 
town  of  South  Russia,  government  of  Taurida,  Crimea,  on 
the  N.W.  point  of  the  peninsula  of  Kertch,  65  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Eaffa.  Pop.  1700.  It  is  defended  by  a  strong  citadel, 
and  has  remains  of  the  ancient  Orthmion. 

Yenikale,  Jenikale,  or  Enikale,  Strait  of, 
known  to  the  ancients  as  the  Cimme'rian  Bos'pOTUS 
{Oimme'rius  Bos'porus),  the  strait  connecting  the  Sea  of 
Azof  with  the  Black  Sea.  Length,  20  miles  ;  breadth,  8  to 
10  miles.  Where  shallowest,  it  is  stated  to  be  only  13  feet 
in  depth.  The  town  of  Yenikale  is  on  its  W.  side.  See 
Black  Sea,  and  Azof. 

Yenisei,  lenisei,  Jenisei,  y8n^e-si'e  or  y5n^e-si', 
or  Enisei,  in-e-si'e,  written  also  Jenisey,  one  of  the 
great  rivers  of  Siberia,  its  basin  lying  between  those  of  the 
Obi  and  Lena  and  estimated  to  comprise  an  area  of  1,000,000 
square  miles.  It  rises  in  Mongolia,  Chinese  Empire,  about 
lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  98°  E.,  flows  at  first  W.  to  the  Russian 
frontier,  and  afterwards  holds  a  northward  course  to  its 
wide  estuary  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  lat.  72°  30'  N.,  Ion.  85° 
E.,  200  miles  E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Obi.  Total  course  es- 
timated at  2500  miles.  It  traverses  the  centre  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Yeniseisk,  and  receives,  by  its  principal  tribu- 
tary the  Angara,  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Baikal.  On  its 
banks  are  the  towns  of  Abakansk,  Krasnoyarsk,  Yeniseisk, 
and  Toorookhansk.  It  is  of  great  breadth ;  but  it  flows 
mostly  through  a  frozen  desert. 

Yenisei,  Bay  of,  the  estuary  formed  by  the  river 
Yenisei  at  its  junction  with  the  Arctic  Ocean,  extends 
between  lat.  69°  30'  and  73°  N.  and  Ion.  85°  and  89°  E. 
Breadth  at  entrance,  30  miles.     It  abounds  with  islands. 

Yeniseisk,  leniseisk,  or  Jeniseisk,  yjn'e-sisk' 
or  yen'e-si'isk,  a  vast  government  of  Asiatic  Russia,  com- 
prised in  East  Siberia,  between  Ion.  80°  and  107°  E.,  and 
extending  from  lat.  51°  northward,  having  W.  the  govern- 
ments of  Tomsk  and  Tobolsk,  E.  Irkootsk  and  the  province 
of  Yakootsk,  and  S.  the  Khalkas  country  (Chinese  domin- 
ions), from  which  last  it  is  separated  by  a  lofty  mountain- 
chain  connected  with  the  Altai.  Area,  992,832  square  miles. 
Its  extent  is  nearly  commensurate  with  the  basin  of  the 
Yenisei.  Pop.  372,862.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  S., 
where  are  most  of  its  towns  and  settled  tracts,  with  some 
extensive  forests ;  it  progressively  declines  northward  into 
a  desert  region,  peopled  only  by  scattered  Toongooses,  Os- 
tiaks,  Yakoots,  and  Samoieds.  Its  principal  wealth  is  in 
the  precious  metals,  the  country  between  the  Yenisei  and 
Angara  being  the  richest  gold-washing  tract  in  the  E.  part 
of  Russian  Asia.  Principal  towns,  Krasnoyarsk  (the  capi- 
tal), Abakansk,  Atchinsk,  and  Yeniseisk. 

Yeniseisk,  leniseisk,  or  Jeniseisk,  a  city  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  on  the  Yenisei,  in  lat.  58°  27'  17"  N.,  Ion.  92° 
16' 48"  E.  Pop.  7181.  It  has  several  churches  and  con- 
vents, a  custom-house,  and  an  arsenal,  with  an  active 
export  trade  in  furs  and  in  Chinese  produce. 


Yeni  Sheh'r  ("  new  city"),  aeversl  Tillages  of  Asia 
Minor,  two  occupying  the  site  of  the  ancient  Antiochia 
and  Magnesia  act  Meandrwn.    See  also  Labissa. 

Yenne,  ySnn  (anc.  Ejan'nat),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  on  the  Rhone,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Chamb^ry.  It  has 
flour-mills  and  tanneries.     Pop.  2880. 

Yen-Ngan-Foo,  yin'-ugin-foo',  or  Yen'gan',  • 
town  of  China,  in  Shen-See,  capital  of  a  department. 

Yenotajewsk,  yi-no-ti-yflvsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Astrakhan,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  1877. 

Yen-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Eien,  on 
the  Min  River,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo. 

Yen-Tcheou-Fou.    See  Yen-Chow-Foo. 

Yeo,  a  river  of  England.     See  Ivel. 

Yeoman,  yo'man,  a  post-oflSce  of  Carroll  co.,  N.C. 

Yeomandnng,  or  Yeomandong.  See  YooMADUire. 

Yeoo,  Yeou,  or  Yen,  yi-oo',  a  considerable  river  of 
Central  Africa,  flows  N.  by  E.  nearly  300  miles,  and  falls 
into  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Chad. 

Yeoo,  or  Yeon,  a  walled  town  of  Central  Africa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  above  river.  It  is  of  considerable  size, 
and  neatly  built  of  huts. 

Yeoo-Iiiu,  or  Yeon-Iiin,  yi-oo'-l'yoo,  and  Yeoo- 
Lun,  or  Yeon-Lun,  yi-oo'-liin,  two  islands  between 
Kioo-Sioo  and  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  respectively  belong  to 
China  and  Japan. 

Yeovil,  yS'vIl,  a  market-town  and  borough  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  on  the  Ivel,  near  the  borders  of  Dorset- 
shire, with  stations  on  branch  lines  of  the  Great  Western 
and  London  <fe  Southwestern  Railways,  6  miles  W.  of  Sher- 
borne. Pop.  of  the  borough,  8527.  It  has  a  church  with 
an  ancient  crypt,  and  a  union  workhouse.  Leather-dressing 
and  some  woollen-manufactures  are  carried  on. 

Yepes,  yi'pfis  (anc.  Ispi'num  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  22  miles  E.  of  Toledo.  Pop.  3036.  The  wines  of 
Yepes  are  in  much  request.  This  is  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Hippo,  where  the  Celtiberians  defeated  the  Roman  prsetors 
C.  Calpurnius  and  L.  Quintus,  who  had  5000  men  slain. 

Yepifan,  Jepifan,  y5p-e-fin',  or  Jepitan,  y4p-e- 
tln',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  49  miles  S.E.  of 
Toola,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  2697. 

Yeraboloos,  or  Yerabolus,  y8r-&'bo-loos,  a  site  in 
North  Syria,  pashalic  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Aleppo,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  where  various  ruins  are  scattered 
over  a  mound  supposed  to  indicate  the  ancient  ffierapolit. 

Yferes,  yain,  a  river  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne  and 
Seine-et-Oise,  joins  the  Seine  at  Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris,  after  a  W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Y6res,  a  river  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  enters 
the  English  Channel  near  Dieppe,  after  a  N.  course  of  20 
miles. 

Yferes,  a  village  of  France,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name, 
in  Seine-et-Oise,  near  Corbeil.     Pop.  1526. 

Yerim,  yi'rim\  a  small  town  of  Arabia,  district  of 
Yemen,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Sana.     It  has  a  strong  hill-fort. 

Yer'kes,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Per- 
kiomen  Railroad,  1^  miles  S.  of  Collegeville. 

Yer'kesville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Moreland  township,  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  cotton-factory. 

Yer'ma  (anc.  Oer'tna  T),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Sakareeyah  (ano.  Sangarius),  66  miles  S.W. 
of  Angora.  It  was  anciently  a  Roman  colony,  and  it  has 
numerous  remains  of  antiquity,  with  mineral  baths. 

Yermaloif,  an  island.  Low  Archipelago.     See  Holt. 

Yeroslan,  leroslan,  or  Jeroslan,  yi-ro-slin', 
written  also  Ernslan  and  Jeraslon,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  government  and  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sara- 
tov, and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  180  miles,  joins  the 
Volga  18  miles  above  Kamishin.  Its  principal  afSuent  is 
the  Torgun. 

Yerville,  y^BVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  5  miles  E.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1748. 

Yeshil-Irmak,  or  Yechil-Irmak,  y4sh'il-ir'm&k 
or  ir^mik',  written  also  Jeschil-Ermak  and  Jekil- 
Irmak,  i.e.,  "  green  river"  (anc.  Trie),  a  river  of  Asia 
Minor,  pashalio  of  Seevas,  after  a  tortuous  N.  course  of  200 
miles,  enters  the  Black  Sea  12  miles  E.  of  Samsoon.  On  its 
banks  are  the  towns  of  Tokat,  Amasia,  and  Char8hnmba.| 
Chief  affluent,  the  Kelki  (ano.  Ly'eua),  from  the  E.,  which  | 
has  a  longer  course  than  the  river  to  which  it  is  tributary. 

Yeshii-Kool,  or  Yeschil-Kul,  yfish'il-kool  (i.e., 
"green  lake"),  a  lake  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Kiria.  Lat,  36°  10'  N.;  Ion.  83°  60'  E.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  30  miles.  It  receives  several  rivers,  and  disposes 
of  its  surplus  waters  by  evaporation. 

Yesso,  Jesso,  yds'so,  or  Y  ez'o,  written  also  leso,  and 


YES 


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(oflScially  called)  Hokkaido,  h6k-ki-do',  one  of  the  lai^ert 
of  the  Japanese  Islands,  between  lat.  il°  24'  and  45<»  30'  BT. 
and  Ion.  140°  and  146°  E.,  separated  on  the  S.  from  Hondo  by 
the  Strait  of  Sangar,  and  N.  from  the  island  of  Saghalin 
bj  La  P^rouse  Channel.  Estimated  area,  62,500  square 
miles.  A  rugged  mountain-chain  traverses  it  from  N.  to  S., 
and  it  contains  active  and  extinct  volcanoes,  is  well  watered, 
and  has  coasts  indented  by  numerous  bajs  and  harbors,  the 
best  of  which  are  Volcano  and  Ishikari  Bays.  Its  N.  part 
is  very  fertile.  The  products  comprise  wheat,  rice,  hemp, 
tobacco,  fruits,  oak,  elm,  and  birch  timber,  and  large  quan- 
tities of  dried  salmon  and  other  fish.  There  are  some  val- 
uable mines  of  gold  and  silver.  Coal  and  iron  abound,  and 
copper,  zinc,  and  lead  occur.  Capital,  Sapporo ;  principal 
city,  Hakodate.  Pop.  in  1891,  29.3,714.  The  Strait  of 
Yesso,  between  this  island  and  Eoonasheer,  is  12  miles 
across. 

Yeste,  yis'td.,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Albacete.  Pop.  1691.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  and  near  it  are  medicinal  baths. 

Yester,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Gifford. 

Yethan,  a  river  of  Scotland.     See  Ythan. 

YetholiU;  ydth'olm,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  co.  of  Roxburgh,  with  two  contiguous  villages, 
Kirk-Yetholm  and  Town-Yetholm,  on  the  Beaumont,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Kelso.     Pop.  1100. 

Yeu,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Yeoo. 

YeU)  an  island  of  France.    See  Isle  Dieu. 

Yfevre,  yfiv'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Cher,  flows  S.W., 
and  joins  the  Cher  near  Vierzon. 

Yevst,  levst,  Jevst,  Jewst,  y£vst,  or  Evstj  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  E.  of  the  government  of  Livonia, 
flows  S.S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  60  miles,  joins 
the  right  bank  of  the  Diina  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
government  of  Vitebsk. 

Yewndoun,  yun'doon',  or  Yan^doon',  a  town  of 
British  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Prome.     Pop.  9680. 

Yewngbenza,  Burmah.    See  Younobenza. 

Yezd,  yizd,  a  city  of  Persia,  capital  of  a  province,  near 
the  E.  foot  of  a  mountain-range  in  the  Persian  desert. 
Lat.  32°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  K.  Its  walls  are,  exclusive  of 
a  citadel,  separately  fortified,  and  surrounded  by  a  deep 
trench.  Its  bazaars  are  spacious,  and  it  has  flourishing 
manufactures  of  velvets  and  other  silk  fabrics,  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  arms,  and  loaf-sugar.  Provisions  are  dear, 
owing  to  the  sterility  of  the  country  everywnere  around  it, 
and  the  grain  consumed  has  mostly  to  be  brought  from  Ispa- 
han. Among  the  population  are  many  Parsees,  or  Ghebert, 
(fire-worshippers),  this  being  nearly  the  only  place  in 
Persia  which  they  inhabit.     Pop.  40,000. 

Yezd,  a  province  of  Central  Persia,  bounded  N.  by 
Ehorassan,  E.  by  Khorassan  and  Eerman,  S.  by  Kerman 
and  Fars,  and  W.  by  Irak-Ajemee.  Principal  towns,  Yezd 
(the  capital)  and  Taft. 

Yezdikhast,  or  Yezdikast,  ySzMe-k&st',  written 
also  Jesdichuast  and  Jesdikast,  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Fars,  on  the  border  of  Irak-Ajemee,  75  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Ispahan.  Pop.  2000.  It  stands  on  a  rocky 
height  enclosed  by  a  brick  wall.  A  good  deal  of  cotton 
and  rice  is  raised  in  this  neighborhood. 

Yezo,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Yesso. 

Yffiniac,  eef*fee^ne-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfttes- 
du-Nord,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuo. 

Ygrande,  ee^gr6Nd',  a  market-town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Allier,  18  miles  W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1915. 

Yic,  yeek,  a  river  of  Uruguay,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the 
Rio  Negro,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Yi-Chow,  yee^chow',  a  town  of  China,  in  Shan-Toong, 
140  miles  S.E.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Yimmang,  a  river  of  Australia.     See  Paterson. 

Ying-Tszu,  yingHzoo',  a  town  of  Chinese  Manchoo- 
ria,  on  the  river  Liaou,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Leao- 
Tong,  and  about  17  miles  below  New-Chwang,  of  which 
town  it  is  the  port.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  foreign 
trade.     Pop.  10,000. 

Yin-Lin-Kan,  yinMin^kin',  a  large  bay  on  theS.  side 
of  the  island  of  Hainan,  China  Sea,  affording  the  best 
anchorage  on  the  coast  of  that  island. 

Yki,  ik'ee,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  the  Strait  of  Corea, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Kioo-Sioo.     Length,  15  miles. 

Ykima,  ik^ee'md.,  one  of  the  Madjioosima  Islands, 
China  Sea,  22  miles  S.  of  Typinsan. 

Ylo,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Ilo. 
.  Yloe,  or  11  oe,  e-lo-&',  one  of  the  Calamianes  Islands, 
Malay  Archipelago,  N.E.  of  Palawan.    Area,  65  square 

miiM. 


Yloilo,  or  Yloylo,  Philippine  Islands.    See  Iloilo. 

Ylopango,  e-lo-p&ng'go,  a  lake  of  San  Salvador,  state 
and  6  miles  £.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador,  about  9  miles 
long  by  3  miles  broad.  It  is  very  steep  and  rugged  on  it» 
N.  and  S.  sides,  of  great  depth,  and  with  all  the  appear- 
ances of  an  extinct  crater.  The  water  when  at  rest  is  of  an 
azure  hue,  but  when  agitated  assumes  a  parrot-green  color 
and  exhales  a  sulphurous  odor. 

Ylst,  or  Ijlst,  list,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Frie«   ■ 
land,  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sneek.     Pop.  1556.  > 

Yngaren,  ilng'gi-r^n,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Isen  of  Ny- 
koping,  20  miles  long  by  5  miles  broad.  It  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  into  the  Baltic. 

Yoakum,  yo'kum,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  on 
the  Staked  Plain,  bounded  W.  by  New  Mexico.  Area,  840 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  4. 

Yocalla,  yo-kil'yi,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  and 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Potosi. 

Yoch,  y8k,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

YoGk^anock'any  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Choc- 
taw CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through  Attala  co.,  and 
enters  Pearl  River  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Carthage. 

Yock'eney  River,  or  Yock^napatal'fa  Creek, 
Mississippi,  runs  westward  through  Lafayette  co.,  and  en- 
ters the  Tallahatchee  River  near  the  S.W.  corner  of  Panola 
CO.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Yo'cnm,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  74  miles  E. 
of  Lexington. 

Yo'cumtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  wool- 
len-factory, and  a  flour-mill. 

Yo'cumville,a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Yo'der,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1632. 

Yoder,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Pittsburg  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Meyersdale. 

Yo'do,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Kioto. 

Yohoghany,  Westmoreland  oo.,   Pa.     See  Shaker, 

also  YOUOBIOGHENY  RiVER. 

Yokaitz,  yo-kits',  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
on  Ovari  Bay.     Pop.  4000. 

Yokohama,  yo-ko-h&'m&  (t.e.,"  cross  shore"),  a  foreign 
settlement  in  Japan,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Hondo  Island,  in 
Yeddo  Bay,  17  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Tokio,  in  lat.  35°  26' 
50"  N.,  Ion.  139°  40'  27"  E.  The  city  is  isolated  from  the 
interior  by  a  deep  canal  that  bounds  it  on  the  S.  and  W. 
It  consists  of  a  number  of  streets  running  N.  and  S.  and 
intersected  by  short  cross-streets.  The  large  custom-house, 
the  bund  or  quay,  with  its  English  and  French  landing- 
places,  the  English  naval  yard  at  the  entrance  to  the  canal, 
and  Curio  street,  with  its  characteristic  shops,  in  which 
beautiful  specimens  of  lacquer-ware,  bronze  and  inlaid  work, 
ivory  carvings,  <tc.,  are  sold,  are  among  the  chief  features. 
In  1872  gas  was  introduced.  The  newer  buildings  and  im- 
provements comprise  a  large  city  hall,  an  imperial  post- 
office,  railway  station,  race-course,  public  garden,  and  large 
wide  streets,  with  fine  shops.  It  has  also  7  churches,  5 
banks,  4  hospitals,  public  gardens,  and  gas-works.  The 
city  is  connected  with  Tokio  by  telegraph ;  the  messages 
are  transmitted  in  Japanese,  and  the  instruments  worked 
expertly  by  the  natives.  Two  daily  papers  are  published 
in  English.  Yokohama  was  a  small  fishing-village  in  1854. 
It  became  the  seat  of  the  foreign  residents  in  1859,  instead 
of  Kanagawa,  the  port  selected  and  agreed  upon  by  treaty, 
and  in  1872  it  had  61,553  inhabitants.  Notwithstanding 
many  drawbacks,  commerce  has  gradually  increased,  and 
there  is  now  a  considerable  traffic  in  tea,  silk,  cotton,  flax, 
tobacco,  oil,  wax,  timber,  sea-weed,  dried  fish,  Ac,  under 
British,  Dutch,  American,  Prussian,  French,  and  Russian 
flags.  The  city  was  nearly  ruined  by  fire  in  1860,  and 
again  on  November  26,  1866,  but  has  since  been  rebuilt  on 
the  original  plan.     Pop.  in  1884,  70,019;  in  1891,  127,987. 

Yokum  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Yola,  yo'14,  a  city  of  Central  Africa,  capital  of  the  king- 
dom of  Adamawa  or  Fumbina,  232  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kooka, 
in  a  swampy  plain,  inundated  during  the  rainy  season  by 
an  inlet  of  the  Benuw6.  It  covers  a  large  area,  about  2J 
miles  from  E.  to  W.  by  IJ  miles  from  N.  to  S. 

Yo'Io,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  972  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Putah 
Creek,  and  is  drained  by  Cache  Creek.  The  surface  of  the 
eastern  half  is  level,  and  nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees. 
The  western  part  is  hilly,  and  is  separated  from  the  eastern 
plain  by  undulating  prairies.     The  soil  is  very  fertile 


YOL 


2877 


TOR 


Wheat,  barley,  wool,  hay,  oattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  The  prosperity  of  the  county  depends  almost 
exclusively  on  agriculture.  Timber  is  very  scarce  here, 
except  the  oottonwood,  sycamore,  and  willow,  which  grow 
on  tne  margins  of  the  streams.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  California  Pacific  and  California  Northern  Rail- 
roads, both  now  merged  in  the  Southern  Pacific.  Capital, 
Woodland.  Pop.  in  1870,  9899;  iti  1880,  11,772;  in  1890, 
12,684. 

YolO)  Yolo  CO.,  Cal.    See  Cachevillk. 

Yolom'bo,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  depart- 
ment of  Cundinamarca,  N.N.W.  of  Bogota.     Pop.  1000. 

Yom'ber  Island^  one  of  the  Bissagos  Islands,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Africa,  30  miles  S.  of  Bulama,  and  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  dangerous  channel,  16  miles  across. 

Yon,  y6N»,  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Vendue,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Lay. 

Yoncalla,  y5n'k51-la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  43  miles  S. 
of  Eugene  City.     It  is  in  a  rich  farming-district,  and  has 

1  or  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2  stores. 
Yoiigesborong:h,yiingJs'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  and 

shipping-point  of  Lee  co.,  Ala,,  on  the  Western  Railroad 
of  Alabama,  at- Yonge's  Station,  and  at  the  junction  of  a 
short  branch,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Opelika.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches.     Much  lime  is  shipped  here. 

Yongorie,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Poost-Ozersk. 

Yong-Tchang,  a  city  of  China.     See  Yttno-Tchang. 

Yonguesville,  yungz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about 
50  miles  N.  of  Columbia.     Here  is  Woodward  Post-Office. 

Yonkers*  ySnk'^rz,  a  city  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  Palisades,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad  and  the  New  York  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot  in  New 
York.    It  contains  16  churches,  11  schools,  a  superior  hotel, 

2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  numerous  handsome 
villas,  5  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  2  machine-shops, 

3  silk-factories,  3  hat-factories,  and  manufactures  of  carpets, 
mowing-machines,  and  elevators.  In  1890,  according  to 
the  census,  Yonkers  had  engaged  in  its  various  industries 
capital  to  the  amount  of  $11,503,074,  and  the  product  was 
$23,024,028.  Many  merchants  of  New  York  City  reside 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  18,892 ;  in  1890,  32,088. 

Yonne,  yonn,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  B.  of  the 
department  of  Ni^vre,  flows  N.  past  Clamecy,  Auxerre, 
Joigny,  Villeneuve-sur-Yonne,  Sens,  and  Pont-sur-Yonne, 
and  joins  the  Seine  at  Montereau.  Length,  155  miles. 
Chief  affluent,  the  Armanpon,  on  the  right.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  Seine  by  the  Canal  of  Burgundy,  and  with 
the  Loire  by  that  of  Nivernais. 

Yonne,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Burgundy,  between  the  depart- 
ments of  Seine-et-Marne,  Loiret,  Ni6vre,  Cflte-d'Or,  and 
Aube.  Area,  2868  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  344,688. 
Surface  undulating,  with  rich  pasture-lands.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Yonne,  with  its  afliuents  the  Cure,  Arman^on,  and 
Vannes.  The  soil  is  rich  in  grain,  and  produces  excellent 
wine.  The  chief  mineral  products  are  iron,  lithographic 
stones,  granite,  marble,  and  ochre.  The  department  is 
traversed  by  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons.  The  manu- 
factures comprise  woollen  and  cotton  cloths,  beet  sugar, 
leather,  paper,  crockery,  <ko.  The  principal  exports  are 
timber,  grain,  and  wine.     Capital,  Auxerre, 

Yoodoma,  londoma,  or  Jiidoma,  yoo-do'm&,  a 
river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Okhotsk,  in  lat. 
60°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  140°  E.,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the 
Maia  after  an  impetuous  course  of  about  170  miles. 

Yoodra,  the  Burmese  name  of  SiAM. 

Yoog,  long,  Jong,  or  Jug,  yoog,  a  river  of  Russia, 
after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  about  220  miles,  joins  the  Sook- 
hona  a  little  below  the  town  of  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Yoogan  (lougan  or  Yugan)  Bolshoi,  yoo-g&n' 
bol-shoi',  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Tobolsk,  lat.  68°  N.  and  Ion.  75°  E.,  flows  N.N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Obi  20  miles  S.W.  of  Soorgoot.  Length,  about 
228  miles. 

Yookhnov,  lonkhnov,  or  Jnchnow,  yoos-nov',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Smolensk,  on  the  Oogra,  45 
miles  S.E.  of  Viazma.     Pop.  3072. 

Yookhnovka,  lonknnovka,  or  Jnchnowka, 
yooK-nov'k&,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  N.E.  of 
Minsk. 

Yooloong-Shan,  China.    See  Siue-Shan. 

Yoom^adung',  a  mountain-range  of  Farther  India, 
■tretohing  nearly  due  N.  from  Cape  Negrais,  in  lat.  16°  N., 
through  British  Burmah,  and  between  Araoan  and  Ava,  to 


lat.  22°  N.  It  is  the  southern  contitonation  of  a  great 
monntain-chain  which  commences  in  the  S.  of  Assam. 
Its  highest  summit  has  an  elevation  of  about  8000  feet. 

Yoonaska,  or  Yonnaska,  yoo-nis'ki,  one  of  the 
Aleutian  Islands,  lat.  62°  40'  N.,  Ion.  170°  15'  W.,  abont 
15  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  with  a  high  mountain  in 
the  centre. 

Yoorboorg,  lourbonrg,  Jnrbnrg,  or  Ynrbnrg, 
yooR^booRg',  or  Georgenbonrg,  gi-oR'gh^n-booRg^  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Vilna,  on  the  Niemen. 

Yooriev,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Dorpat. 

Yoorievets-Povolskoi,  or  Jurievetz-Povol- 
skoi,  yoo-re-4v-4ts' po-vol'skoi,  written  also  Juijevetz- 
Powolskoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  84  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Kostroma,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  2867. 

Yooriev-Polskoi,or  Juriev-Pol8koi,yoo-re-iv'- 
pol'skoi,  written  also  Juijev-Polsky,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Vladimeer.  Pop.  4769. 
It  was  founded  in  1155,  and  has  a  citadel  and  a  trade  in  furs. 

Yoot-Sima,  yoot-see'm&,  a  small  island  of  Japan, 
N.W.  of  Noto,  Hondo,  in  lat.  37°  51'  N.,  Ion.  136°  40'  E. 

Yoozgat,  Ynzgat,  yooz'git',  Ynzkat,  Uscat,  or 
Oos'cat',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio  of  Seevas,  in  a 
narrow  valley,  55  miles  S.  of  Chooroom.  It  is  neat,  clean, 
and  enclosed  by  walls.  Under  the  patronage  of  the  Chapan- 
Ogloo  family  it  rose  into  importance  during  the  last  cen- 
tury, previous  to  which  it  had  been  only  an  insignificant 
village.  Principal  edifices,  the  citadel,  and  a  mosque  built 
in  imitation  of  St.  Sophia's  at  Constantinople. 

Yor'dy,  a  post-office  in  Empire  township,  Ellsworth 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Salina. 

Yore,  yor,  or  lire,  yoor,  a  river  of  England,  rises 
among  the  mountains  between  the  cos.  of  Westmoreland 
and  York,  flows  S.E.  through  the  latter  county,  forming 
part  of  the  boundary  between  its  North  and  AVest  Ridings, 
and  at  Aldborough  unites  with  the  Swale  to  form  the  Ouso. 

Yorgan-Ladik,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Ladik. 

York,  or  Yorkshire,  york'shjr,  the  largest  county  of 
England,  is  situated  in  its  N.  part,  having  E.  the  North 
Sea,  and  landward  the  cos.  of  Durham,  Westmoreland,  Lan- 
cashire, Cheshire,  Derby,  Nottingham,  and  Lincoln,  from 
which  last  it  is  mostly  separated  by  the  estuary  of  the 
Humber.  Area,  6067  square  miles.  Pop.  2,436,355.  The 
surface  is  very  much  diversified ;  in  the  N.W.  are  some  of 
the  highest  mountains  in  England,  elsewhere  barren  moors 
are  alternated  with  some  of  the  richest  tracts  in  the  king- 
dom. The  rivers  are  all  tributaries  of  the  Ouse  and  Hum- 
ber, except  the  Tees,  forming  the  N.  boundary,  and  th« 
Ribble,  in  the  extreme  W.  Yorkshire  is  both  an  agricul- 
tural and  grazing  and  a  manufacturing  county  of  the  first 
rank.  The  W.  division  of  the  county  is  the  chief  seat  of 
mining  and  manufacturing  industry.  The  county  is  divided 
into  North,  East,  and  West  Ridings  (said  to  be  derived  from 
a  Saxon  word  signifying  thirds). 

The  East  Riding  (area,  1173  square  miles;  pop. 268,466), 
comprising  the  hilly  district  termed  the  Wolds,  and  much 
moorland,  is  watered  by  the  Derwent  and  Hull  Rivers,  and 
is  traversed  along  its  S.  extremity  by  the  Hull  <fc  Selby 
Railway.  It  contains  the  towns  of  Hull,  Beverley,  Drif- 
field, Market- Weighton,  Pocklington,  and  Bridlington. 

The  North  Riding  (area,  2128  square  miles ;  pop.  293,278), 
chiefly  famous  as  a  grazing-country,  contains  the  rich  agri- 
cultural districts  of  Cleveland  and  Rydale,  and  has  mines 
of  alum  and  lead,  with  freestone-  and  marble-quarries. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Yore,  Swale,  and  Tees.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Great  North-of-England  Railway,  and  by  the  lines 
from  York  to  Whitby  and  Scarborough. 

The  West  Riding  comprises  all  the  S.  and  W.  parts  of 
Yorkshire,  and  borders  on  six  other  counties.  Area.  2766 
square  miles.  Pop.  1,874,611.  The  surface  is  very  irreg- 
ular ;  it  contains  some  of  the  best  land  and  most  picturesque 
scenery  in  England.  Principal  rivers,  the  Wharfe,  Calder, 
Aire,  Don,  and  Ribble.  It  is  intersected  by  numerous 
canals,  and  by  railways  between  all  of  its  largo  towns. 

York  (ano.  Ebor'acum),  the  second  city  of  England  in 
point  of  rank,  though  not  in  size  or  in  commercial  impor- 
tance, a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough,  and  county 
of  itself,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Yorkshire,  near  its  centre,  at 
the  junction  of  the  three  Ridings,  on  the  Ouse,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Foss,  with  junction  station  on  the  Great  North- 
em  and  Northeastern  Railways,  by  which  communication  is 
established  with  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  175  miles  N.N.W. 
of  London.  Lat.  of  minster,  53°  57'  43"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  4' 
49"  W.  For  parliamentary  purposes  the  city  of  York  is 
included  within  the  North  Riding,  for  judiciary  proceedings 
and  county  purposes  within  the  West  Riding.    Pop.  (1891) 


YOR 


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66,984;  of  parliamentary  boroagh,  67,004.  The  see  of 
York  comprises  the  East  and  parts  of  the  North  and  West 
Ridings  of  the  county.  The  ecclesiastical  authority  of  the 
archbishop  extends  over  the  province  of  York,  consisting, 
with  the  archbishopric,  of  the  bishoprics  of  Durham,  Car- 
lisle, Chester,  Manchester,  Ripon,  and  Sodor  and  Man.  The 
city  is  enclosed  by  ancient  walls,  and  is  entered  by  5  prin- 
cipal and  5  minor  gateways,  some  of  which  former  are  re- 
markable structures.  The  Ouse  and  Foss  traverse  the  in- 
terior of  the  city ;  the  Foss  is  crossed  by  4  and  the  Ouse  by 
2  bridges,  one  of  them  an  elegant  iron  bridge  connecting 
the  railway  station  with  the  minster,  erected  at  a  cost  of 
£35,000.  Except  the  castle,  occupying  nearly  4  acres, 
between  the  Ouse  and  Foss,  and  containing  the  county  hall 
and  jail,  most  of  the  public  edifices  of  interest  are  in  the 
N.  of  the  city.  At  the  head  of  these  is  York  minster  or 
cathedral,  the  finest  structure  of  its  kind  in  England,  mostly 
built  in  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries;  extreme 
length,  486  feet;  length  of  transept,  223  feet,  with  a  great 
tower  213  feet  in  height,  a  magnificent  west  front  flanked 
by  2  towers  196  feet  in  height,  and  richly  adorned  within. 
York  has  many  other  fine  churches ;  and  the  chapter-house, 
the  mansion-house,  with  an  Ionic  colonnade  and  a  state- 
room, the  guild  hall,  a  Gothic  structure,  the  corn  exchange, 
the  assembly-rooms,  concert  hall,  theatre,  buildings  of  the 
Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society,  museum,  subscription  li- 
brary, city  jail,  Roman  Catholic  and  several  other  dissent- 
ing chapels,  and  the  chief  railway  station,  deserve  especial 
notice  among  the  numerous  public  buildings.  Outside  of 
the  city  are  the  county  hospital,  a  lunatic  asylum,  another 
and  famous  institution  for  the  insane,  the  Retreat,  about  1 
mile  distant,  managed  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  the  cav- 
alry barracks,  and  Bishopsthorpe  palace,  the  residence  of 
the  archbishop.  It  is  governed  by  a  lord  mayor,  and  is  now 
divided  into  6  wards,  and  has  12  aldermen  and  36  council- 
lors. Courts  of  assize  for  the  city  and  county  are  held  in 
it  twice  annually,  and  it  has  quarter-sessions,  a  court  of 
pleas,  and  petty  sessions,  twice  weekly.  There  are  several 
commercial  corporations  in  the  city;  glass-  and  iron-wares, 
carpets,  white  and  red  lead,  paper-hangings,  and  many 
articles  of  luxury  are  manufactured.  York  has  an  active 
trade  in  the  import  of  coal ;  but  its  chief  prosperity  is  due 
to  its  being  resorted  to  by  the  gentry  of  North  England  as 
a  kind  of  northern  metropolis. 

York,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Maine,  borders 
on  New  Hampshire.  Area,  about  920  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  N.  by 
the  Ossipee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Salmon  Falls 
and  Piscataqua  Rivers,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Saco  River, 
which  forms  part  of  the  N.E,  boundary.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  small  lakes  and  exten- 
sive forests  of  the  beech,  birch,  elm,  ash,  sugar-maple,  white 
oak,  &o.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  cattle,  pota- 
toes, lumber,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  The 
wealth  of  this  county  is  largely  derived  from  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  and  other  articles.  Several 
harbors  on  the  coast  aflFord  facilities  for  navigation  and 
ship-building.  Granite  underlies  part  of  the  surface.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  &  Maine,  Portland  & 
Rochester,  and  the  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroads, 
the  last  two  belonging  to  the  Boston  &  Maine  system.  Cap- 
ital, Alfred.  Pop.  in  1870,  60,174;  in  1880,  62,257;  in 
1890,  62,829. 

York)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Middle  and  West  Forks  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  by 
Beaver  Creek,  which  enters  the  West  Fork  at  or  near  the 
eastern  border  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  grain  and  pasturage.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  several  railroads.  Capital,  York.  Pop.  in 
1870,  604;  in  1880,  11,170;  in  1890,  17,279, 

York,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  border- 
ing on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  910  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  is 
intersected  by  Conewago  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Codorus  and  Yellow  Breeches  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech,  elm,  hickory,  chestnut,  white  oak,  wild  cherry,  &c. 
A  ridge  called  the  South  Mountain  occupies  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore,  slate, 
and  good  limestone.  Gneiss,  talcose  slate,  and  mesozoic  or 
new  red  sandstone  underlie  large  parts  of  this  county.  It 
ii  intersected  by  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  and  con- 


nected with  market  by  various  branches  of  the  Pennsy]. 
Tania  Railroad.  The  Peach  Bottom  Railroad  (now  called 
the  Lancaster,  Oxford  &  Southern)  and  the  Baltimore  & 
Lehigh  Railroad  (leading  from  Baltimore  to  Delta)  termi- 
nate in  this  county.  Capital,  York.  Pop.  in  1870,  76,134 ; 
in  1880,  87,841 ;  in  1890,  99,489. 

York,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square 
miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Catawba 
River,  and  drained  by  Allison's  and  Fishing  Creeks.  The 
Broad  River  forms  the  entire  western  boundary.  The  sur 
face  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  gold,  granite,  iron 
ore,  and  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Charleston,  Cincinnati  <!;  Chicago  Railroad  and  is  traversed 
by  the  King's  Mountain  Railroad  and  other  sections  of  the 
Richmond  <fc  Danville  system.  Capital,  Yorkville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  24,286;  in  1880,  30,713;  in  1890,  38,831. 

York,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  has  ah  area  of  about  75  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  estuary  of  York  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  level.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Oysters  abound  in  the  bay  and  river,  and  are  an  im- 
portant article  of  commerce.  Capital,  Yorktown.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7198;  in  1880,  7349;  in  1890,  7696. 

York,  an  extensive  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New 
Brunswick,  bordering  on  Maine.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  John  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.S.W.  by  the  St. 
Croix  River  and  Grand  Lake.  There  are  also  a  great  num- 
ber of  other  lakes  in  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
some  advancement  has  been  made  in  agriculture,  although 
the  county  is  largely  occupied  by  immense  forests.  Capital, 
Fredericton.     Pop.  27,140. 

York,  a  county  of  Ontario,  centrally  situated,  and 
drained  by  the  Humber,  Rouge,  and  Don  Rivers,  flowing 
into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  S.,  and  several 
small  streams  entering  Lake  Simcoe,  which  forms  part  of 
its  N.  boundary.     Capital,  Toronto.     Pop.  115,974. 

York,  Sumter  co.,  Alabama.    See  York  Station. 

York,  a  post-office  of  Walker  oo.,  Ala.,  abont  40  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Birmingham. 

York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  oo.,  Ga.,  18  miles  S.  of 
Macon.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  male  and  female  institute. 

York,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  111.     Pop.  1490. 

York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in  York  town- 
ship, OH  the  \y abash  River,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Paris,  and 
li  miles  from  West  York.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1090. 

York,  a  township  of  Du  Page  co.,  111.  Pop.  1799.  It 
contains  Elmhurst  and  Lombard. 

York,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  433. 

York,  a  township  of  Dearborn  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  986. 

York,  a  township  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.     Pop,  906. 

York,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1041. 

York,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind,     Pop.  857. 

York,  a  township  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  995. 

York,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  611. 

York,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  182. 

York,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1120. 

York,  a  post- village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  a  township  of 
the  same  name,  on  a  small  inlet  called  York  Harbor,  nearly 
2  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth, 
N.H.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  which  accommodates  200  guests. 
York  Beach,  li  miles  from  the  village,  is  a  good  bathing- 
place,  with  a  hotel  and  several  boarding-houses.  York  has 
a  commodious  harbor. 

York,orMoorevilIe,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  CO., 
Mich.,  in  York  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  manufactures 
of  barrels,  lumber,  and  cheese.  The  township  contains  5 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1486. 

York,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1673. 

York,  a  city,  the  capital  of  York  co..  Neb.,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Big  Blue  River,  at  the  junction  of  three  rail- 
roads, 62  miles  W,  of  Lincoln.  It  has  several  churches,  an 
academy,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers,  and  numerous  stores  and  other  business  con- 
cerns.    Pop.  in  1890,  3406. 

York,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  York 
township,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches.  It  is  often  called  York  Centre.  The  township, 
which  also  contains  Fowlerville,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Genesee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Genesee  Valle» 
Canal.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2483. 


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York,  a  township  of  Athena  co.,  0.  Pop.  6488.  It 
contains  Nelsonville. 

York,  a  township  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1508. 

York,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  797. 

York,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2229.  It 
contains  Delta. 

York,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.  Pop.  886.  York 
Station  is  at  the  village  of  Mallet  Creek. 

York,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.     Pop.  916. 

York,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  with  a  station  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  W. 
of  Norwalk.     Pop.  2094. 

York,  a  station  in  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  San- 
dusky.    Here  is  Townsend  Post-OfiBce. 

York,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1041. 

York,  a  post-township  of  Union  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1361. 

York,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  983. 

York,  a  post-borough,  the  capital  of  York  co..  Pa.,  sit- 
uated on  Codorus  Creek,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  24 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lancaster,  48  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  and 
92  miles  from  Philadelphia,  with  all  of  which  towns  it  is 
connected  by  railroads.  Numerous  turnpikes,  extending  in 
various  directions,  connect  this  place  with  the  principal 
towns  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  The  Northern  Cen- 
tral Railroad  connects  York  with  Baltimore  on  the  one  hand 
and  with  Harrisburg  on  the  other.  By  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  it  is  connected  with  Philadelphia  and  New  York. 
York  is  also  a  terminus  of  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad  and 
the  Hanover  &  York  Railroad.  The  town  is  neatly  and 
substantially  built,  and  contains  many  fine  residences  and 
public  buildings.  The  most  remarkable  among  the  latter 
are  the  court-house,  a  large  edifice  of  granite,  resembling  a 
Qrecian  temple,  the  Collegiate  Institute,  erected  in  1873  by 
the  munificence  of  Samuel  Small,  Esq.,  and  the  Presby- 
terian, German  Reformed,  and  Lutheran  churches.  There 
are  more  than  20  church  edifices,  belonging  to  different  de- 
nominations. Nine  newspapers  are  published  here,  4  of 
which  are  daily  and  5  weekly.  There  are  5  banking  insti- 
tutions (4  of  which  are  national  banks),  several  insurance 
companies,  4  foundries,  2  car-factories,  besides  the  extensive 
shops  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  3  planing-mills,  3 
manufactories  of  agricultural  implements,  a  shoe-factory, 
a  condensed-milk-factory,  Ac.  In  1777  the  Continental 
Congress  met  at  this  place  while  Philadelphia  was  occupied 
by  the  British  army.  The  borough  was  laid  out  in  1741. 
York  is  surrounded  by  a  populous,  fertile,  and  highly- 
cultivated  farming-region.  Its  markets  are  therefore  well 
supplied;  and  it  is  regarded  as  a  very  healthy  and  desirable 
place  of  residence.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,940 ;  in  1890,  20,793. 

York,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  3200. 

York,  a  station  in  Juab  co.,  Utah,  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  75  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
It  has  several  warehouses.     Here  is  Juab  Post-Offiee. 

If  ork,  a  post-oflBce  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

York,  a  township  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Dane 
CO.,  Wis.     Pop.  1003. 

York,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1016. 

York,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Grand  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Caledonia.  It  has  excellent 
water-power,  and  contains  2  churches,  stores,  hotels,  and 
saw-  and  flouring-mills.  In  the  vicinity  are  extensive 
gypsum-quarries.     Pop.  400. 

York,  or  York  Factory,  a  town  and  fort  of  Keewatin, 
Canada,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Hayes  and  Saskatchewan  Rivers.  Lat.  57°  N.;  Ion. 
92°  25'  W.  York  Factory  was  one  of  the  principal  trad- 
ing-posts of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

York,  Ontario,  the  former  name  of  Toronto. 

York,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  the 
peninsula  of  Sierra  Leone,  15  miles  S.  of  Freetown. 

York,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the  Tamar, 
8  miles  from  its  mouth. 

York,  a  town  of  Western  Australia,  60  miles  E.  of 
Perth. 

Yor'ka,  a  post-office  of  Leake  oo.,  Miss.,  about  66  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson. 

York'ana,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa. 

York,  Cape,  Australia.    See  Cape  York. 

York  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in 
York  township,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Waterloo.  It 
has  a  church. 

York  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Iowa  City. 

York  Centre,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.    See  York. 

York  Collegiate  Institute,  a  post-office  of  Alex- 
ander CO.,  N.C. 


York  Corner,  a  post-office  of  York  oo..  Me. 

Yorke  (york)  Penin'sula,  a  tongue  of  land  of  Soath 
Australia,  between  St.  Vincent  and  Spencer  Gulfs,  N.W.  of 
Adelaide.  Length,  100  miles;  breadth,  30  miles.  Cap* 
Spencer  is  its  S.  extremity.    See  also  York  Peninsttla. 

York  Fnr'nace,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  th« 
W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna. 

York  Ha'ven,  a  hamlet  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  N.  of  York. 

York  Island,  or  Amataka,  &-m&-t&'k&,  is  in  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  between  New  Ireland  and  New  Britain 
Lat.  4°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  152°  22'  E.     Length,  10  miles. 

York'lyn,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Red  Clay  Creek,  and  on  the  Wilmington  i,  Western  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  snuff. 

York  Mills,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Humber  River,  3  miles  from  Weston.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  tannery,  saw-  and  flouring-mill, 
stores,  hotels,  &c.     Pop.  350. 

York,  Mount,  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  co.  of 
Cook,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Sydney.     Height,  3300  feet. 

York  New  Sa'lem,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa., 
in  North  Codorus  township,  1  mile  from  Graybill  Station, 
which  is  5  miles  S.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  4  stores, 
2  hotels,  and  2  wagon-shops. 

York  Peninsula,  in  Queensland,  the  body  of  land 
lying  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  termi- 
nating at  the  N.  end  in  Cape  York. 

York  River,  the  name  given  to  an  inlet  or  arm  of  the 
sea  in  York  co..  Me.     Length,  about  7  miles. 

York  River,  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Pamunkey  and  Mattapony  Rivers,  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  King  William  co.,  and,  flowing  in  a 
southeasterly  direction,  falls  into  Chesapeake  Bay  nearly 
opposite  Cape  Charles.  It  is  so  broad  through  its  whole 
course  as  to  present  rather  the  appearance  of  a  bay  than 
of  a  river.  Its  whole  length  is  about  40  miles,  and  at  its 
mouth  it  is  probably  not  less  than  3  miles  in  width.  This 
river  divides  the  counties  of  New  Kent,  James  City,  and 
York  on  the  right  from  King  and  Queen  and  Gloucester 
COS.  on  the  left. 

York  River,  Quebec,  a  river  in  the  co.  of  Gaspg,  flows 
E.,  and  falls  into  Gasp6  Bay.     Length,  100  miles. 

York  River,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  17  miles  N.  of  Thanet,  and 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Pembroke.     Pop.  125. 

York  Road,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48 
miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  i  mile  from  Bruceville. 

York  Road,  Montgomery  oo..  Pa.    See  Shoehakbb- 

TOWN. 

York  Road,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  between  Han- 
over and  Hanover  Junction,  2  miles  E.  of  the  former. 

York's  Corners,  New  York.    See  East  Galwat. 

Yorkshire,  England.    See  York. 

Yorkshire,  Broome  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Centre  Lisle. 

Yorkshire,  york'shir,  a  post-village  in  Yorkshire  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  W.  of  Arcade  Station  ofi 
the  Buff'alo,  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  and  about 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bufialo.  It  has  a  church,  a  oheese-fao- 
tory,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  about 
300.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1689.  Yorkshire  Station  is  at 
Yorkshire  Centre. 

Yorkshire  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Yorkshire  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Bufi'alo,  New  York 
&  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  Yorkshire  Station,  38  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bufi'alo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  lumber- 
mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  sash, 
blinds,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  500. 

York  Sound,  an  inlet  of  British  North  America,  in 
Frobisher  Strait.     Lat.  63°  N. ;  Ion.  70°  W. 

York  Sound,  an  inlet  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia, 
between  Montague  Sound  and  Prince  Regent  River.  Lat 
15°  S.;  Ion.  125°  E. 

York  Springs.    See  York  Sdlphdr  Sprwcis. 

York  Station,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  at  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  81  miles  W.  of  Selma, 
and  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Meridian,  Miss.  It  has  2  churohes. 
Cotton  and  corn  are  shipped  here. 

York  Station,  Medina  co.,  0.    See  Mallet  Creek. 

York  Station,  Sandusky  oo.,  0.     See  York. 

York  Sulphur  Springs,  or  York  Springs,  a  post- 
borough  and  summer  resort  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  about  24  miles 


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S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  2  hotels,  a  drug- 
store, 3  general  stores,  and  manufactures  of  reapers,  corn- 
■hellers,  fodder-cutters,  Ac.     Pop.  356. 

York'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  to.,  111.,  about  27 
miles  S.W.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 
"    Yorktown,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  111.     Pop.  659. 

Yorktown,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  township, 
Delaware  oo.,  Ind.,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland, 
Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Muncie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Yorktown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Salem  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of 
Salem.  It  has  a  chapel,  a  spindle-factory,  and  a  brick -yard. 

Yorktown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Yorktown  township,  on  the  New  York,  Westchester  &  Put- 
nam Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Peekskill.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Croton  River.     Pop.  2617. 

Yorktown,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  5J  miles  S.  of 
Dover. 

Yorktown,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  im- 
mediately adjoining  Audenried. 

Yorktown,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  oo.,  Tex.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Cuero,  and  about  70  miles  E.S.B.  of  San 
Antonio.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
a  manufactory  of  saddles.     Pop.  about  600. 

Yorktown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  York  co.,  Va.,  is 
situated  on  the  right  bank  of  York  River,  nearly  10  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norfolk.  It  was 
the  scene  of  a  very  important  event  in  American  history, — 
the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis  to  General  Washington, 
which  occurred  October  19,  1781.  In  the  civil  war  it  was 
fortified  by  the  Confederates,  who,  having  been  besieged  by 
McClellan,  evacuated  the  place  May  4,  1862.     Pop.  250. 

York  Vil'lage,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me. 

York'ville,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale. 

Yorkville,  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co..  Col. 

Yorkville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
from  Rockmart. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kendall  co..  111., 
in  Kendall  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  Fox  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  (Fox  River 
line),  12  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  &o. 

Yorkville,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  about  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  oo.,  Mioh.,  in 
Ross  township,  on  Gull  Lake,  and  on  the  Northwestern  Ohio 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  about  12  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  200.     The  lake  is  6  miles  long. 

Yorkville,  a  village  in  Whitestown  township,  Oneida 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  Sadaquada  Creek.  Here  are  ootton-mills. 
Pop.  213. 

Yorkville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bladen  township,  Bladen 
00.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Yorkville,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Jeflferson  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &,  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Bellaire.     Here  is  a  church. 

Yorkville,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  553. 

Yorkville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  York  oo.,  S.C, 
about  85  miles  N.  of  Columbia,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Char- 
lotte, N.C.  It  is  on  the  Kings  Mountain  or  Chester  & 
Lenoir  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Chester  Court-House. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  private  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  7 
churches  (2  colored),  a  female  college,  a  military  school, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tcnn.,  about 
42  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
seminary. 

Yorkville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Yorkville  township,  Ra- 
oine  CO.,  Wis.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Racine.  It  has  a 
ohurch.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Western  Union 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1587. 

York'ville,  a  village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  about  2  miles 
N.  of  Toronto,  of  which  it  may  be  considered  a  suburb. 
It  has  4  churches,  several  schools,  a  medical  college,  a  town 
ball,  breweries,  factories,  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  2203. 

Yorkville  Station,  a  post-office  of  New  York  oo., 
N.Y.,  is  a  branch  of  the  New  York  post-office. 
Yoruba,  a  state  of  Africa.     See  Yarkiba. 
Yosemite,  yo-sem'i-te,  a  post-office  of  Mariposa  co., 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Yosemite  Valley,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Mariposa. 


Yosemite  Fall  (Indian  name,  Cholook),  California, 
is  formed  by  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  which  is  an  affluent 
of  the  Merced  River  and  rises  about  20  miles  N.  of  the 
Yosemite  Valley.  The  volume  of  water  at  the  ordinary 
stage  of  summer  is  about  20  feet  wide  and  2  feet  deep  on 
an  average.  This  cataract  surpasses  all  others  on  the 
globe  in  height  and  in  the  stupendous  character  of  the 
surrounding  scenery.  From  the  edge  of  the  cliff  over 
which  the  water  plunges  to  the  bottom  of  the  valley  the 
vertical  distance  is  about  2550  feet ;  but  the  fall  is  not  in 
one  perpendicular  sheet. 

Yosemite  Valley,  California,  is  in  Mariposa  co., 
about  140  miles  E.  by  S.  from  San  Francisco,  and  midway 
between  the  E.  and  W.  bases  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  is  a 
narrow  gorge  or  valley,  through  which  the  Merced  River 
runs  southwestward,  and  is  a  nearly  level  area  about  8  miles 
in  length  and  varying  in  width  from  i  mile  to  1  mile. 
Elevation  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  4060  feet.  On  each 
side  of  the  valley  rise  enormous  domes  and  almost  vertical 
oliSs  of  granite,  one  of  which  is  4737  feet  higher  than  the 
river  running  at  its  base.  Among  the  other  prominent  ob- 
jects are  Cathedral  Rock,  Sentinel  Dome,  a  dome-shaped 
mass  of  granite,  4160  feet  higher  than  the  valley.  Mount 
Broderiok,  a  stupendous  and  inaccessible  peak,  and  the 
Three  Brothers,  a  triple  row  of  summits  rising  in  steps  one 
above  the  other  to  a  height  of  about  4000  feet.  This  val- 
ley has  been  ceded  to  the  state  of  California  by  Congress 
on  condition  that  it  shall  be  kept  as  a  public  park  or  free 
domain  "  inalienable  for  all  time." 

Yosida,  yo-see'di,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
160  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.     It  contains  about  1400  houses. 

Yost's,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.     See  Randall. 

Yost'ville,  a  post-office  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa. 

Yosyvara,  yo-se-v&'r&,  a  small  town  of  Japan,  island 
of  Hondo,  60  miles  S.W.  ^f  Tokio. 

Yo-Tchou,  Yoo-Tchoo,  Yotcheoo,  yo'choo',  or 
Yo-Tcheou,  yo'ohS-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Hoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang 
where  it  leaves  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo.  Lat.  29°  23'  N. ; 
Ion.  112°  35'  E. 

Yon-An-Tcheon.    See  Yuen-Tchoo. 

You  Bet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Little  York  township,  Ne- 
vada CO.,  Cal.,  5  miles  W.  of  Dutch  Flat  Station  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad. 

Yougan,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yoogan. 

Youghal,  or  Youghall  (pronounced  yfth'hil  or  yawl), 
a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough,  seaport  town,  and 
parish  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  and  27  miles  E.  of  Cork,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Blackwater,  which  forms 
its  harbor  and  is  here  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge.  Pop.  7846. 
It  stands  at  the  foot  of  a  steep  height  on  the  W.,  and  was 
formerly  enclosed  by  walls  flanked  with  towers,  parts  of 
which  remain,  and  outside  of  which  some  poor  suburbs  ex- 
tend up  the  acclivity.  The  town  is  antiquated ;  its  main 
street  is  crossed  near  the  centre  by  an  old  archway,  besides 
which  its  chief  structures  are  the  large  Gothic  parish  church, 
having  near  it  the  ruins  of  an  abbey,  a  chapel  of  ease,  Ro- 
man Catholic  and  other  chapels,  the  town  house,  assembly- 
rooms,  court-house,  custom-house,  savings-bank,  fever  and 
lying-in  hospitals,  prison,  several  almshouses,  the  barracks, 
and  the  house  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  which  is  preserved  /  j 
nearly  entire.  The  harbor,  a  dependency  of  that  of  Cork,'~**y 
admits  at  highest  tides  vessels  drawing  12  feet  of  water.  {  ( 
Youghal  is  the  seat  of  an  aetive  export  trade  in  com,  live- 
stock, and  other  rural  produce,  and  imports  coal,  timber, 
tallow,  herrings,  salt,  and  colonial  produce.  It  has  some 
potteries,  brick-works,  and  a  valuable  salmon-fishery.  It 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Youghal,  y5h'hil,  a  hamlet  in  Gloucester  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Bathur-t.     Pop.  100. 

Youghiogheny  (y6h-ho-ga'nee)  Kiver  rises  near  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  runs  northward 
through  Maryland  into  Pennsylvania.  It  next  flows  in  a 
N.N.W.  direction  through  the  cos.  of  Fayette  and  West- 
moreland, and  enters  the  Monongahela  River  at  McKees- 
port,  after  a  course  of  about  160  miles.  The  trains  of  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad  run  along 
this  river  about  70  miles. 

Youkon,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Yukon. 

Younaska,  Aleutian  Islands.     See  Yoonaska. 

Young,  yiing,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Brazos  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  live- 
oak,  maple,  sycamore,  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle.  Capital, 
Graham.    Pop.  in  1870,  135;  in  1880,  4726;  in  1890,  6049. 


IM 


;/^ 


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Yonng,  a  post-offioe  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y. 

Young,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1650. 

Young,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  964. 

Yonng,  a  post-town  and  gold-field  of  New  South  Wales, 
240  miles  W.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Young  Amer'ica,  township,  Edgar  oo.,  111.     P.  687. 

Young  America,  Warren  co.,  111.    See  Kirkwood. 

Young  America,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind. 

Young  America,  a  post-yillage  in  Yonng  America 
township.  Carver  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota 
Railroad,  about  .36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1204. 

Young  America,  a  post-yillage  of  Washington  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River  and  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Youngbenza,  or  Yewngbenza,  yoong-bin'si,  a 
town  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu,  on  the  main  arm  of  the 
Irrawaddy,  in  its  delta,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Henzada. 

Young  Blood,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  111. 

Young  Cane,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga.,  about  90 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Atlanta. 

Young'er's,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Mo. 

Young  Hick'ory,  township,  Fulton  co..  111.  Pop.  792. 

Young  Hickory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Andover. 

Young  Hickory,  Muskingum  co.,  0.  See  MEiGSViiiLB, 

Yonngmanstown,  Pennsylvania.    See  Mifflinburo. 

Young-Ning,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Oochee. 

Young's,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sidney 
township,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  26  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Young's,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1961. 

Young's  Cove,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  Grand  Lake,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Gugetown.    P.  200. 

Young's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Ind. 

Young's  Creek,  a  post-offioe  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Young's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Audrain  co..  Mo. 

Young's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Granville 
CO.,  N.C. 

Young's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Young's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Montana, 
on  the  Yellowstone  River. 

Young's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  oo., 
Ontario,  17  miles  N.  of  Peterborough.     Pop.  100. 

Youngs'port,  a  post-village  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
N.  of  Round  Rock.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
8aw-mill. 

Young's  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place 
of  Bath  CO.,  Ky.,  7  or  8  miles  from  Cornwell.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Young's  Station,  a  station  in  East  Feliciana  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Clinton  &  Port  Hudson  Railroad. 

Young's  Store,  a  post-offioe  of  Laurens  oo.,  S.C. 

Young's  Store,  a  poet-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Young8'town,a  post-hamlet  in  Swan  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 18i  miles  S.  of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Youngstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Bvansville  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Terre 
Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Youngstown,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Ni- 
agara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara  River,  about  1  mile  from 
its  mouth,  14  miles  N.  of  Niagara  Falls,  and  34  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  3  churches,  and  has  a  good 
harbor  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  steamboats 
that  navigate  Lake  Ontario  touch  at  this  place.     Pop.  476. 

Youngstown,  an  enterprising  city  of  Ohio,  the  capi- 
tal of  Mahoning  co.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Mahoning 
River,  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Niles, 
and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Sharon,  Pa.  It  is  on  the  AshUbula 
A  Pittsburg  Railroad  and  the  Mahoning  division  of  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  also  on  the  Pittsburg 
A  Lake  Erie,  Painesville  A  Youngstown,  and  2  other  rail- 
roads. It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  opera-house, 
2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  college,  a  high  school, 
about  18  churches,  many  handsome  residences,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers.  Iron 
ore,  bituminous  coal,  and  limestone  are  abundant  near  this 
place.  Youngstown  has  many  important  manufactures, 
large  mills,  foundries,  machine-shops,  rolling-mills,  blast- 
furnaces, Ac.  In  1890,  according  to  the  census,  it  had 
$5,894,572  of  capital  invested  in  its  industries,  with  a  prod- 
uct of  $12,964,562.    Pop.  in  1880,  16,435;  in  1890,  33,220. 

Youngstown,  a  post-borough  in  Unity  township, 
Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  2i  miles  from  Latrobe  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  486. 


YoungSTille,  a  post-hamlet  in  Callicoon  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  116  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  han  J 
churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Youngsville,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.     See  Pacific 

Youngsville,  Warren  co.,  N.J.     See  Roxburt. 

Youngsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about  58 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Youngsville,  a  post-borough  in  Broken  Straw  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Dunkirk  A  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of 
Titusville,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  pump-factory,  a  saw-mill, 
7  stores,  Ac. 

Young'tow^n,  a  post-offioe  of  Marion  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Emporia. 

Young  Warrior  River,  a  small  stream  which  risei 
in  Newton  co..  Miss.,  runs  northwestward  through  Soott  co., 
and  enters  the  Pearl  River  about  6  miles  below  Carthage. 

Young-William,  an  island  group  in  the  Pacific,  be- 
longing to  the  Caroline  Islands. 

Young  Womanstown,  w66m'anz-town,  a  village  of 
Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  at  North 
Point  Station,  24  miles  N.W,  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Yount,  a  township  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1252. 

Yount's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C,  4 
miles  from  Conover.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Yount's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fredericktown.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  store. 

Younts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  aboat  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Crawfordsville,  and  |  mile  from  Troutman's  Station  of  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railway.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  aboat  200. 

Yount'ville,  a  post-village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  distilleries,  and  3  wine-oellars.  P.  256. 

Youn-Zeray,  yoon-ze-r4',  a  town  of  British  Barmah, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Prome. 

Youri,  Youry,  or  Yowry.    See  Yaooreb. 

Youta,  a  tribe  of  Indians.     See  Utah  Indians. 

You-Yeou,  a  town  of  China.     See  Yu-Yeoo. 

Yowl  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.  See  Aiou Islands. 

Ypane-Guazu,  e-pi'ni  gwi-zoo',  a  river  of  Para- 
guay, joins  the  Paraguay  at  Villa  Real  de  Concepcion,  after 
a  W.  course  of  more  than  100  miles. 

Yperl6e,  Tp^r-li'  (Fr.  pron.  ee^p^RMi'),  a  river  of 
Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  rises  at  Zillebeke,  flows 
N.  past  Yprcs  (where  it  becomes  navigable),  and  enters  the 
North  Sea  at  Nieuwpoort.     Length,  35  miles. 

Ypres,  ee'p'r  (Flemish,  Yperen  or  Ypem,  I'p^m),  a 
large  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  cap 
ital  of  an  arrondissement,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges,  on 
the  Yperl6e.  It  is  well  built,  and  was  early  one  of  the 
most  important  manufacturing  towns  of  Flanders.  It  has 
a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth  century  with  ancient  paint- 
ings, several  other  churches,  2  colleges,  a  school  of  design 
and  architecture,  numerous  other  schools,  several  hospitals, 
and  manufactures  of  lace,  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods, 
ribbons,  hats,  leather,  oil,  soap,  and  tobacco.  There  are 
also  salt-works,  dye-works,  breweries,  and  distilleries.  In 
the  thirteenth  century  was  erected  in  the  public  sqnare 
an  immense  pile,  called  the  halU  (cloth  hall),  which  was 
restored  in  1860  as  the  h6tel-de-ville.     Pop.  16,700. 

Ypsilanti,  ip-se-lan'tee,  a  city  of  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central 
and  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroads,  30  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Detroit,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ann  Arbor  (with 
which  it  is  connecteii  by  a  street  railway),  and  about  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Adrian.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  manufac- 
tures of  paper,  flour,  underwear,  dress- stays,  tags,  paper 
boxes,  Ac.  Here  is  the  Michigan  State  Normal  School  with 
38  teachers  and  about  1300  pupils.  Pop.  in  1880,  4984; 
in  1890,  6129. 

Ypsili,  ip'se-le,  an  island  of  Greece,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Nauplia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Nauplia.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  2  miles;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Yreka,  wi-re'ka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Siskiyou  oo., 
Cal.,  in  Yreka  township,  about  86  miles  E.  of  Crescent  City, 
and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Shasta.  It  is  surrounded  by 
mountains,  in  which  gold  is  found.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  Catholic  seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  % 
foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1100;  of  the  township,  1719. 


YRE 


2882 


YUM 


Yreka,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  about 
70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena. 

Yrieix,  Saint»  s&Nt  eeVee^i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  27  miles  S.  of  Limoges.  Pop.  3502.  It 
has  manufactures  of  porcelain,  leather,  iron-  and  brass- 
ware,  candles,  cloth,  and  flannels. 

Yronde,  ee^r6Nd',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me, 
arrondissement  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1149. 

Ysaico,  Salvador.     See  Izalco. 

Yser^  ee^zaiR',  a  river  of  France  and  Belgium,  rises  in 
the  department  of  N'ord,  £.  of  Saint-Omer,  flows  N.E.,  and 
joins  the  YperlSe  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Dixmude. 

Ysland,  a  Dutch  name  of  Iceland. 

Ysieta,  or  Isleta,  ees-l&'t&,  a  post- village  of  EI  Paso 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  lat.  31°  36'  N.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  Spanish  school.  The  population  is  mostly 
Mexican.     Pop.  in  1890,  1628. 

Yssche^  isK  or  is'K^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  6172. 

Yssel,  Ijssel,  i's^l,  or  Overyssel  (anc.  laa'la),  a 
river  of  the  Netherlands,  formed  at  Doesburg  by  the  union 
of  the  Old  Yssel,  which  rises  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  the 
New  Yssel,  a  branch  of  the  Rhine,  which  separates  from 
It  near  Arnhem.  It  flows  N.  past  Zutphen,  Deventer,  and 
Eampen,  and  enters  the  Zuyder  Zee.     Length,  80  miles. 

Yssel  V  Nedeb,  ni'd^r  i's^l,  a  branch  of  the  Leek,  which 
passes  Ysselstein,  Oudewater,  and  Gouda,  and  joins  the 
Meuse  opposite  Ysselmonde.     Length,  30  miles. 

Yssel monde  ("Yssel  Mouth"),  or  ]J8selmonde« 
I's^l-m^n'dQh,  an  island  and  district  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  formed  by  two  branches  of  the  Meuse,  O] 
posite  Rotterdam  and  tl 
miles;  breadth,  6  miles 


posite  Rotterdam  and  the  mouth  of  the  Yssel.     Length,  16 


% 


Ysselmonde^  or  Ijsselmonde,  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  above  island,  and  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Meuse,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Yssel. 

Ysselmuiden,  or  Ijsselmuiden,  Ts^l-moi'd^n,  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  I  mile  W.  of 
Kampen. 

Ysselstein,  or  Ijsselstein,  I's^l-stin^  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Yssel.  It  is 
walled,  surrounded  by  ditches,  and  traversed  by  a  canal 
called  the  Haven.     Pop.  3101. 

Yssingeaux,  ees^s&No^zhS',  sometimes  written  YsseU" 
geanx,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Loire, 
capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on  a  rocky  height,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  3716.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace 
and  ribbons,  and  a  trade  in  cattle  and  timber. 

Ystad,  is'tid  or  iis'tid  (L.  lataditim),  a  seaport  town  of 
South  Sweden,  Isen  of  Malmfihus,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  MalmS, 
on  the  Baltic.  Pop.  6203.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco 
and  snuff,  chiccory,  soap,  woollen  cloths,  and  leather,  and 
some  ship-building.  Its  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious,  and 
it  has  a  regular  steam  communication  with  Stralsund. 

Yst'with,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Cardigan,  after  a 
W.  course  of  23  miles,  enters  Cardigan  Bay  at  Aberystwith. 

Yt,  an  island  of  Norway.     See  Vioten. 

Ytapua,  a  town  of  Paraguay.     See  Itapua. 

Ythan,  Ithan,  i'than,  or  Yeth'an,  a  river  of  Soot- 
land,  CO.  of  Aberdeen,  flows  tortuously  E.,  and  enters  the 
North  Sea  at  Newburgh.     Length,  20  miles. 

Ythan  Wells,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Turriff.     Pop.  1494. 

Yton,  a  river  of  France.     See  Iton. 

Ytu,  or  Hytu,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Irv. 

Yuab,  a  county  of  Utah.    See  Juab. 

Ynan-Thee-Shan,orYuan-Thi-Chan,yoo-&n'- 
t'hee-shin,  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Hoo-Pe.  Lat.  30°  16' 
N. ;  Ion.  109°  4'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Yu'ba,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  has  an 
area  of  about  714  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Bear  River,  on  the  W.  by  Feather  River,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Yuba  River  and  its  Middle  (or  North)  Fork.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  high  hills,  deep  cafions,  and  fertile 
valleys  or  plains.  The  southwestern  part  is  nearly  level. 
This  county  has  abundance  of  good  timber  on  the  high- 
lands. Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  fir  and  pine.  Bar- 
ley, wheat,  cattle,  wine,  hay,  and  fruits  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  orange,  lemon,  «ind  olive  flourish  here  in  the 
open  air.  The  placer  gold-mines  of  this  county  are  very 
rich.  Yuba  co.  is  intersected  by  the  Oregon  division  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Marysville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,851,  of  whom  6144  were  Americans;  in  1880, 
11,284;  in  1890,  9636. 

Ynba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  E.  arm  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Traverse  City.     It  has  a  church. 


Yuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  eo.,  WU.,  15  milei 
S.W.  of  Wonewoo. 

Yuba  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Feather  River,  opposite  the  month 
of  the  Yuba  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Marysville,  and  50 
miles  N.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office. 

Yuba  River,  California,  is  formed  by  three  branches, 
the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Yuba,  which  rise  near  the 
Sierra  Nevada  and  unite  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Nevada. 
It  runs  S.W.  through  Yuba  co.,  and  enters  the  Feather 
River  at  Marysville.  •  Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Yucatan,  yoo-k&-t&n',  sometimes  called  Merida,  mfir'- 
e-di,  a  peninsular  state  of  Mexico,  washed  E.  by  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  N.E.  by  the  Channel  of  Yucatan  (which  separates 
it  from  the  W.  extremity  of  Cuba),  and  N.  and  W.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  state  of  Cam- 
peachy.  Area,  29,560  square  miles.  The  coast  is  very  little 
broken,  has  in  general  a  very  bleak  and  arid  appearance, 
and  is  destitute  of  any  important  river.  Maize,  cotton,  rice, 
tobacco,  pepper,  sugar-cane,  dyewoods,  and  hides  are  ex- 
ported. The  principal  towns  are  Merida  (the  capital),  Val- 
ladolid,  and  Sisal.  The  former  state  of  Yucatan  was  divided 
in  1861  into  the  two  states  of  Yucatan  and  Campeachy. 
Pop.  302,315.  The  Bay  of  Yucatan  is  a  name  sometimes 
given  to  the  sea  immediately  N.  of  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 
The  Channel  of  Yucatan,  between  Yucatan  and  Cuba,  is 
120  miles  across. 

Yu^catan',  a  post-ofiice  in  Yucatan  township,  Houston 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  an  affluent  of  Hokah  River,  about  26  miles  S. 
of  Winona.     Pop.  of  the  township,  783. 

Yucay,  a  river  of  Peru.     See  Vilcabamba. 

Yue-Foong-Shan,  or  Yue-Foung-Chan,  yoo- 
i'foong-sh&n',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Nan. 
Lat.  26°  66'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  32'  E.  It  is  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Yuen-Hwa,  yoo-8n'hw4',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Che-Kiang,  at  some  distance  N.  of  Hang-Chow-Foo.  It 
has  a  large  silk-trade.     Pop.  100,000. 

Yuen-Kiang,  yoo-fin'ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Hoo-Nan,  enters  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo  on  its  W. 
side,  after  a  N.E.  course  estimated  at  400  miles. 

Yuen-Ming -Yuen,  yoo-4n'mlng-yoo-4n',  an  im- 
perial suburb,  5  miles  W.  of  Peking,  China,  celebrated  for 
its  royal  palaces  and  grounds. 

Yuen-Shan,  or  Yuen-Chan,  yoo-Sn'sh&n,  a  town 
of  China,  provin^ie  of  Kiang-See,  in  a  valley,  230  miles 
S.W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Yuen-Tchoo,  Yuen-Tchou,  yoo-fin'choo',  or 
You-An-Tcheou,  yoo'ln'chfi-oo',  a  town  of  China, 

?rovince  of  Hoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the 
uen-Kiang.     Lat.  27°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  40'  E. 

Yuen-Tchoo,  or  You-An-Tcheou,  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  capital  of  a  department. 
Lat.  27°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  114°  10'  E. 

Yugan  Bolshoi.     See  Yoogan  Bolshoi. 

Yugyakarta,  Java.     See  Djokjokarta. 

Yu-Ho,  £u-Ho,  yoo^ho',  or  Yun-Liang,  yfin- 
le-ing',  a  large  river  of  China,  rises  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  province  of  Shan-See,  from  which  it  flows  N.E., 
and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee  in  lat.  38°  59'  N., 
Ion.  117°  22'  E.     Its  length  is  about  140  miles. 

Yukon,  or  Youkon,  yoo'kon,  a  large  river  of  Alaska, 
rises  in  British  America,  about  lat.  67°  46'  N.,  Ion.  130°  46' 
W.,  runs  generally  westward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean 
by  several  mouths,  one  of  which  is  called  Kwikhpak.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  2000  miles,  for  three-fourths  of  which 
it  is  navigable  by  steamers,  even  through  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, which  it  traverses  by  a  narrow,  deep,  and  very  swift 
channel,  without  falls  or  obstructions.  The  scenery  of  this 
pass  is  very  grand.  The  Yukon  receives  many  large  tribu- 
taries, and  is  itself  the  largest  American  river  flowing  to 
the  Pacific. 

Yuk-Shan,  or  Yuk-Chan,  yiik^shin',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  near  the  source  of  the  Kan- 
Kiang,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  stone  bridge.  Lat.  28° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  40'  E.  It  has  an  important  transit  trade, 
the  merchandise  of  the  Bohea  Mountains  and  of  the  coun- 
tries E.  of  Po-Yang  Lake  being  gathered  here  for  transport. 

Yulee,  yu'lee,  a  post-ofiice  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla. 

Yule  Island,  a  small  island  near  the  entrance  of  Hall 
Sound  (a  bay  of  Papua),  and  270  miles  E.  of  Torres  Strait 

Yuma,  yoo'mi,  or  Yuna,  yoo'ni,  a  river  of  Hayti, 
rises  in  the  mountains  of  Cibao,  flows  N.N.E.,  then  E.S.E., 
and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  by  a  broad  estuary.  Length, 
about  70  miles. 


YUM 


:28»3 


ZAA 


Ynma,  Bahama  Islands.     See  Exttva. 

Yuma,  7oo'm&,  the  southwesternmost  county  of  Ari- 
tona,  borders  on  California.  It  is  interseoted  by  the  Gila 
Rirer,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Colorado  River, 
vrhioh  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is 
nearly  destitute  of  timber.  The  soil  is  sterile,  and  not  well 
watered.  Copper,  gold,  and  silver  are  found  in  this  county, 
which  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway.  Cap- 
ital, Yuma.  Pop.  in  1870,  1621;  in  1876,  2212;  in  1880, 
3215;  in  1890,  2671. 

Yuma,  formerly  Arizo'na  City,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  is  on  the  Colorado  River,  175 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gila  River, 
near  lat.  32°  42'  N.,  250  miles  8.E.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  It 
is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  of 
Arizona.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  newspaper  ofSce, 
&o.,  also  the  Arizona  prison,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  other 
public  buildings.  Steamboats  ascend  the  river  from  the 
Gulf  of  California  to  this  place  and  many  miles  above  it. 
It  is  opposite  Fort  Yuma,  Cal.     Pop.  in  1890, 1773. 

Yung-Ning,  yung^ning',  a  city  of  China,  province  and 
230  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Yung-Pe,  yung'pi',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  a  de- 
partment, 160  miles  N.W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Yung-Ping,  yiing'ping',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Lanho,  130 
miles  E.  of  Peking. 

Ynng-Tchang,  yiing^ching',  or  Yong-Tchang, 
ySng^ching',  a  city  of  China,  province  and  210  miles  W. 
of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Bhamo  in  the  Burmese  dominions. 

Yung-Tchoo,  or  Yung-Tchou,  yfing'ohoo',  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  in 
lat.  26°  10'  N.,  Ion.  111°  30'  E. 

Yun-Hing,  yun^hing',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Ho-Nan,  capital  of  a  department.  Lat.  33°  N. ;  Ion.  114°  E. 

Yun-Liang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Yu-Ho. 

Yun-Nan,  yiin^nin',  the  most  S.W.  province  of  China, 
mostly  between  lat.  22°  and  28°  N.  and  Ion.  98°  and  106° 
E.,  having  on  the  N.  and  E.  the  provinces  of  Se-Chuen, 
Koei-Choo,  and  Quang-See,  and  on  other  sides  Thibet  and 
the  Burmese,  Laos,  and  Anamese  dominions.  Area,  107,969 
square  miles.  Pop.  5,561,320.  The  surface  is  broken  with 
numerous  mountains,  several  of  which  rise  above  the 
line  of  perpetual  snow.  This  province  contains  the  sources 
of  many  important  rivers,  as  the  Salwin,  the  Menam,  the 
Hong-Kiang,  and  the  Sang-Koi,  and  furnishes  important 
contributions  to  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  and  the  Me-Kong.  It 
is  one  of  the  richest  provinces  of  China  in  mineral  prod- 
ucts, yielding  gold,  copper,  tin,  rubies,  sapphires,  and  other 
gems,  besides  a  variety  of  gums,  varnishes,  ivory,  musk, 
flax,  and  horses.  There  is  in  the  province  of  Yun-Nan  a 
remarkable  iron  chain  suspension -bridge,  thrown  across  a 
frightful  mountain-gorge,  at  a  height  (if  we  may  credit  the 
Chinese  geographers)  of  not  less  than  3000  or  4000  feet. 
It  was  constructed  about  the  middle  of  the  first  century  of 
the  Christian  era.  Several  other  bridges  of  the  same  class 
are  found  in  different  parts  of  China. 

Yun-Nan,  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  above  prov- 
ince, situated  on  the  N.  side  of  a  lake.  Lat.  25°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  102°  40'  E.  It  is  intersected  by  canals,  and  is  reported 
to  have  a  flourishing  trade  in  metals,  with  manufactures  of 
silk  fabrics  and  fine  carpets. 

Yun-Pin,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Oochee. 

Yunquera,  yoong-ki'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malaga.  Pop.  4162.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths,  brandy-distilleries,  and  several 
flour-  and  oil-mills. 


Ynn-Yang,  yfin^ylng',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Hoo-Pe,  capital  of  a  department,  on  a  tributary  of  th« 
Hoang-Ho.     Lat.  32°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  40'  E. 

Yupura,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Japuba. 

Yurburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yoorboorg. 

Yurung-Kash,  yoo'rdng'-k&sh,  a  town  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  £.  of  Khoten,  comprising  1000  houses. 

Yurung-Kash  (or Khoten,  xo'tin')  River,  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  after  a  northward  course,  joins  the  Yarkand 
and  Aksoo  Rivers  to  form  the  Tarim,  near  lat.  40°  N.,  Ion. 
80°  30'  E.  Khoten  is  the  principal  town  on  ita  banks. 
Total  length  estimated  at  250  miles. 

Yuste,  yoos'ti,  a  monastery  of  Spain,  province  of 
Caceres,  near  Plasencia.  Here  Charles  V.  of  Spain  retired 
after  his  abdication,  and  died  in  1558. 

Yuthia,  a  city  of  Siam.    See  Ayttthia. 

Ynt'ta  (the  Jut'tah  of  Scripture),  a  town  of  Palestine, 
4  miles  S.  of  Hebron. 

Yu-Yeoo,  Yu-Yeou,  or  You-Yeou,  yoo^e-oo',  a 
walled  town  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  N.W.  of 
Ning-Po,  on  the  river  of  that  name.  It  encloses  a  large 
hill  crowned  with  many  Booddhist  temples. 

Yuzgat,  or  Yuzkat,  Russia.    See  Yoozoat. 

Yverdnn,  eeV4RMiiN»',  or  Yverdon  (Ger.  Y/erten, 
ee'f$r-t§n ;  anc.  Ebrodu'num),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Vaud,  18  miles  N.  of  Lausanne,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Orbe  (here  called  the  Thiele)  in  the  Lake  of  Neuf- 
ohS,tel.  Pop.  5889.  It  has  a  town  house,  a  church,  a  hos- 
pital, and  a  good  trade  in  French  wines ;  also  an  old  castle, 
in  which  Pestalozzi  established  his  celebrated  educational 
institute  in  1805. 

Yve8-Gomez6e,  eev-go^m^h-zi',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 24  miles  S.W.  of  Namur,  on  the  Yves.     Pop.  1953. 

Yvetot,  eevHo'  (anc.  Ivoni*  f),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inf^rieure,  capital  of  an  arrondissement^  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  railway  to  Havre.  Pop.  7636.  It 
has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  mixed  goods,  printed  cottons,  velvets,  hosiery, 
and  hats. 

Yvias,  eeVe-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cdtes-du- Nord, 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  1584. 

Yvoir,  eevVaK',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  9 
miles  S.  of  Namur,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  695. 

Yvoire,  eevVaa',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  7  miles  W.  of  Thonon. 

Yvonand,  eeVo^nfis"',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Vaud,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Yverdun. 

Yvorne,  eeVoBn',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  1  mile  N.  of  Aigle,  with  vineyards  which  yield  a 
wine  in  high  repute.     Pop.  880. 

Yvr6  -  le  -  Polin,  eeVri'-l^h-po'liH*',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Sarthe,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  La 
FlSche.     Pop.  1428. 

Yvr6-l'Ev6que,  eeVsi'-liVaik',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Sarthe,  3  miles  E.  of  Le  Mans,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Huisne.     Pop.  2334. 

Yzabal,  a  village  of  Guatemala.    See  Izabal. 

Yzalco,  San  Salvador.     See  Izalco. 

Yzendyke,  Yzeudyk,  or  Ijzendijk,  i'z^n-dlk',  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands.provinceof  Zealand,  on  the  island 
of  Cadsand,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sluis.     Pop.  2532. 

Yzernay,  ee^z^R^ni',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Maine-et-Loire,  arrondissement  of  Beaupr^au.  P.  1993. 

Yzeure,  or  Izeure,  ee^zuB',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Allier,  2  miles  from  Moulins.     Pop.  3337. 

Yzeures,  ee^zuR',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Crease,  24  milei 
S.S.AV.  of  Loches.    Pop.  1908. 


z. 


Zaab,  zib,  a  district  of  Africa,  in  Algeria,  8.  of  the 
Greater  Atlas  Mountains,  and  watered  by  the  Adjedi  and 
Abiad  Rivers,  which  flow  into  Lake  Melgig. 

Zaab,  two  rivers  of  Koordistan.     See  Zab. 

Zaamslag,  z&ms'l&s,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Middelburg.     Pop.  2494. 

Zaandam,  z|n-d&m'  (written  also  Zaardam,  Zar- 
dam,  and  Saar'dam),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 


ince of  North  Holland,  on  the  Zaan,  an  afSuent  of  the  T, 
which  divides  it  into  East  and  West  Zaandam,  5^  miles 
N.W.  of  Amsterdam.  Pop.  12,129,  chiefly  engaged  in  ship- 
building and  in  seafaring  occupations.  In  ita  vicinity  are 
numerous  windmills.  Here  is  the  house  in  which  Peter 
the  Great  resided  while  he  wrought  in  the  dock-yard. 

Zaandyk,  z&n-dik',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  oa 
the  Zaan,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam.    Pop.  2283. 


ZAA 


2884 


ZAl 


Znanen^orZanen  (zi'n^n),  Oost  or  East,  a  Tillage 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  5  miles  N.  of  Am- 
sterdam.    Pop.  1622. 

Zaanen,  West,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Haarlem,  near  the  Y.    Pop.  2449. 

Zaardam,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Zaandam. 

Zab,  or  Zaab,  z|b,  commonly  called  the  Greater 
Zab  (anc.  Zab'atua  and  Ly'ous,  Za'ha  or  Za'bU),  a  river 
of  Turkish  Koordistan,  tributary  to  the  Tigris,  rises  AV. 
of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  near  lat.  38°  N.,  Ion.  44°  30'  E., 
flows  very  tortuously  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Tigris  about  25 
miles  S.  of  Mosul.  The  total  course  may  be  estimated  at 
200  miles.  It  passes  through  many  precipitous  ravines, 
and  it  is  rapid  and  deep. 

Zabakano,  zi-bi-ki'no,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  lat. 
11°  20'  N.,  Ion.  2°  5'  E.,  250  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Abomey, 
beautifully  situated  on  a  commanding  height.  It  is  clean 
and  open.     Pop.  about  9000. 

Zab  Asfal,  is^fill'  (the  "  Lesser  Zab"),  also  called  Al- 
toon-Soo  (anc.  Oaprun  ?),  a  river  of  Turkish  Koordistan, 
tributary  to  the  Tigris,  has  its  course  S.E.  of  the  Great 
Zab,  and  joins  the  Tigris  78  miles  S.E.  of  Mosul.  The 
country  between  these  rivers  is  undulating,  and  near  its 
centre  is  the  town  of  Arbil  (anc.  Arhela). 

Zabbanago,  zib^b^-n&'go,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  55  miles  N.  of  Amarapoora. 
Near  it  are  some  ruby-mines. 

Zabara,  z&-b&'r&,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian 
Gulf,  E.  of  the  Bahrein  Islands.     Lat.  26°  N. 

Zabem,  tsi'b^nn,  or  Saverne,  siVainn'  (anc.  Tret 
Taher'nm),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  navigable 
Zorn,  an  affluent  of  the  Rhine,  and  on  the  Paris  &,  Stras- 
burg  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  5774. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  hosiery,  hardwares, 
ka.,  and  some  trade  in  timber  from  the  Vosges  Mountains. 

Zabid,  a  town  and  river  of  Arabia.     Bee  Zebebd. 

Zabis,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Zab. 

ZablatOT,  or  Zablatow,  z&'bli-tov^  (?),  a  town  of 
Austrian  Qalicia,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  2173. 

Zabliak,  or  Zsabliak,  Montenegro.    See  Chabliak. 

Zabloodov,  Zabloiidov,  or  Zabludov,  zi-bloo- 
dov',  a  market-town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of 
Grodno,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bialystok.     Pop.  2000. 

Zaborowo,  z&-bo-ro'^o,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen. 

Zaborze,ts&-boRt's^h,  a  town  and  communeof  Prussian 
Silesia,  government  and  45  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.     P.  5914. 

Zacapa,  si,-kll'pi,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  70  miles  N.E. 
of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  near  the  river  Motagua.  Esti- 
mated pop.  3000.  It  is  regularly  built.  The  principal 
edifices  are  a  handsome  church  and  a  court-house. 

Zacata,  B&-k&'t&,  a  village  of  Peru,  department  of 
Cuzco,  province  and  30  miles  S.W,  of  Chucuito. 

Zacatapeques,  Guatemala.     See  Sacatbpbc. 

Zacatecas,  z&k-a-ti'k&s  or  s&-k&-ti'k3,s,  a  state  of 
Mexico,  mostly  between  lat.  21°  30'  and  24°  50'  N.  and 
Ion.  100°  10'  and  103°  40'  W.,  surrounded  by  the  states  of 
Aguas  Calientes,  Jalisco,  Durango,  Cohahuila,  Nuevo  Leon, 
and  San  Luis  Potosi.  Area,  22,992  square  miles.  Pop. 
422,500,  who  live  mostly  by  mining  and  agriculture.  It 
belongs  to  the  central  table-land  of  Mexico,  which  is  for 
the  most  part  inhospitably  arid,  though  it  has  a  valuable 
agricultural  tract  in  the  state  of  Aguas  Calientes,  and  ex- 
tensive pastures,  on  which  vast  herds  of  cattle  are  raised. 
Zacatecas  is  a  rich  mining  state,  having  extensive  veins  of 
silver,  upon  which  many  shafts  have  been  opened,  and  it 
has  been  estimated  that  its  mines  have  produced  silver  to 
the  value  of  $1,000,000,000.  Chief  cities  and  towns,  Zaca- 
tecas, Sombrerete,  and  Fresnillo.  North  and  E.  of  Zaca- 
tecas the  country  is  divided  into  large  breeding-estates 
and  is  very  thinly  peopled. 

Zacatecas,  the  principal  mining  city  and  capital  of 
the  state  of  Zacatecas,  Mexico,  is  in  a  narrow  valley,  150 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Guanajuato.  Pop.  30,000.  It  is  built 
over  a  vein  of  silver,  and  contains  good  residences,  various 
religious  edifices,  a  powder-mill,  a  mint,  a  theatre,  a  hos- 
pital, and  a  literary  institute. 

Zacatlan,  s^-k&t-l&n',  or  Xicotlan,  He-ko-tl&n',  a 
village  of  Mexico,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Puebla, 

Zacatnla,  si-ki-too'lH,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  state 
of  Mexico,  on  the  Bolsas  River,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Pacific,  180  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Acapulco. 

Zachan,  tsi'K&n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Stargard.     Pop.  1481. 

Zacken,  ts&'k^n,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  has  its 
source  in  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Bober  near  Hirschberg. 


Zack'vil I  e ,  a  post^hamlet  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  miles 

S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Zacualpan,  si-kwil-pin',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state 
and  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mexico,  with  some  silver-mines. 

Zacualtipan,  s4-kw41-te-pin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  100  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Zacynthus,  Ionian  Islands.     See  Zante. 

Za'doc,  a  post-oflSce  of  York  co.,  S.C,  7  miles  N.  of 
Yorkville. 

Zadonsk,  or  Sadonsk,  z&-donsk',  a  town  of  Raisia^ 
government  and  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Don.  It  has  several  ecclesiastical  and  educa- 
tional institutions.     Pop.  9073. 

Zafar,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Dbofar. 

Zafaran-Boli,  zi-fi-r4n'-bo'lee,  a  town  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor, in  Anatolia,  at  the  junction  of  two  small  affluents  of 
the  Bartan-Soo  (anc.  Parthe'niue),  about  60  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Boli,  and  90  miles  N.  of  Angora.  Pop.  15,000,  mostly 
Mohammedans.  It  has  a  tolerable  market,  4  handsome 
mosques,  2  large  khans,  several  public  baths,  a  large  trade  in 
saffron  (whence  its  name),  and  some  Byzantine  antiquities. 

Zaffarano,  dz4f-fi-r8,'no,  a  market-town  of  Sicily,  in- 
tendency  and  12  miles  N.  of  Catania,  on  the  E.  declivity  of 
Mount  Etna.     Pop.  3683. 

Zaffarin,  E4f-f4-reen'  (Zafarine,  z4-f&-reen',  or  Za- 
phran,  z3,-fr4n')  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Spain,  off  the  coast  of  Morocco,  near  the  fron- 
tier of  Algeria,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Mul- 
weeya,  W.  extremity  in  lat.  35°  11'  N.,  Ion.  2°  27'  7"  W. 

Zafferabad,  ziff^r-i-bid',  a  town  of  British  India 
district  and  14  miles  N.  of  Jounpoor. 

Zaffran,  z&f-frin',  or  Zafferan,  zif-f^r-in',  a  marl 
time  town  of  North  Africa,  dominions  and  240  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Tripoli,  on  the  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Sidra.  Lat.  31°  12' 
10"  N.  5  Ion.  17°  E. 

Zafra,  th4'fr&  (ano.  Segedaf  and  RestitutaT),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop. 
5965.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  earthenware,  and  leather, 
and  a  castle,  church,  and  hospital. 

Zagarise,  dz4-g&-ree'84,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinoe  and 
N.N.E.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1546. 

Zagarolo,  dzS.-g4-ro'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  5197.     It  has  a  palace. 

Zagazeeg,  or  Zagazig,  zi^g&-zeeg'  (also  written 
Sagasig),  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  a  province,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  and  on  the  sweet-water  canal 
leading  from  the  Nile  to  the  isthmus,  75  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Suez.  It  is  near  the  ruins  of  Buhattit,  and  is  a  great 
cotton-mart.     Pop.  (1882)  19,046. 

Zagern,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Zagra. 

Zagora,  zi-go'rl,  a  market-town  of  Turkey,  in  Albania, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Paramj  thia. 

Zagora,  a  village  of  Europie,  in  Thessaly  (Greece),  near 
the  coast,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Volo.  Cape  Zaoora  is  a  head- 
land, 2  miles  N.E.  of  this  village,  and  Mouirr  Zagora  is 
the  modern  name  of  Mount  Pelion  (immediately  W.),  also 
of  the  ancient  Mount  Helicon.     See  Helicon. 

Zagoshi,  an  island  of  Guinea.     See  Zeoozhke. 

Zagra,  z5g'r5h',  or  Zagern,  te4'gh§rn,  a  village  of 
Austria,  Transylvania,  24  miles  from  Bistritz.     Pop.  1000. 

Zagrab,  a  city  of  Austria-Hungary.     See  Agram. 

Zagros,  zi'gros*,  a  mountain-range  of  Asia,  forming 
a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Persia  and  the  Turkish 
pashalio  of  Bagdad.  Lon.  46°  E.,  and  between  lat.  33° 
and  35°  N. 

Zagyva,  zoh*ghee'v3h*,  a  river  of  Hungary,  flows  S. 
past  Paszto,  Hatvan,  and  Jasz-Ber^ny,  and  joins  the  Theisi 
at  Szolnok,  after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Zahara  (Great  Desert).     See  Sahara. 

Zahara,  thi-i'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  province 
of  Cadiz,  on  a  lofty  hill,  crowned  by  a  castle.     Pop.  1281. 

Z  ah 'I  eh,  a  town  of  Syria,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Damascus. 
Pop.  about  10,000.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  during  the 
Druse  insurrection  of  1860. 

Zahna,  tsi'nS,,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Ber- 
lin <t  Leipsic  Railway,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wittenberg.  Pop. 
2341.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics. 

Zahn'ville,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Zahoo,  or  Zahu,  z4-hoo',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
64  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mosul,  on  the  Khaboor,  an  affluent  of 
the  Tigris. 

Zai,  or  Sai,  zl,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  government  of  Orenboorg,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the 
Kama  on  the  left,  near  the  junction  of  the  governments  of 
Orenboorg,  Viatka,  and  Kazan,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Zaidpoor,  zad-poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal, 
province  of  Oude.     Pop.  10,680. 


ZAI 


2885 


ZAN 


Zaikany*  zrk&8',  a  village  of  Transylrania,  oo.  of 
Hunyad,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Deva. 

Zainah,  zi'n&^,  a  town  of  Algeria,  province  and  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Constantino.  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Zama, 

Zainsk,  zinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Menselinsk.     Pop.  1700. 

Zaire*  or  Zahir,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Congo. 

Zaisan^or  Zaizan*  zi-z&n',  written  also  Dzaisang, 
izi-z&ng'  (Chinese,  Kong-Ko-To),  a  lake  of  Chinese  Toor- 
(istan,  in  Soongaria,  lat.  47°  30'  N.,  and  between  Ion.  83° 
15'  and  84°  40'  E.,  near  the  frontier  of  the  Russian  govern- 
ment of  Tomsk,  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  80  miles ;  breadth, 
20  miles.  It  receives  numerous  rivers,  the  principal  of 
which,  the  Irtish,  enters  it  at  its  £.  extremity  and  emerges 
from  it  on  its  N.  side. 

Zaisenhausen*  tsI'z^n-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Baden, 
circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Bretten.     Pop.  1223. 

Zakalia,  an  island  of  Africa.     See  Zara. 

Zaklikov,  or  Zaklikow,  z&-klee'kov,  a  town  of  Rus- 
■ian  Poland,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Sanna. 

Zakluczyn,  z&-kloo'chin,  a  village  of  Austrian  Gali- 
cia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Bochnia. 

Zakopana^  z&-ko-p&'n&,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Neu  Sandec,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Hungary.     Pop.  2185.     It  has  iron-mines. 

Zakopy,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Reichstadt. 

Zakotnaia,  or  Zakotnaja,  z&-kot-nr&,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Voronezh,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Pavlovsk. 

Zala*  a  county  of  Hungary.     See  Szalad. 

Zalamea,  th&-l&-mi'&  (anc.  Ilipaf),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  74  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  4436.  Near 
it  is  a  parish  church,  with  a  tower  which  is  the  most  re- 
markable object  in  the  place,  having  belonged  originally 
to  a  monument  erected  in  a.d.  103  in  honor  of  the  Emperor 
Trajan.  An  ancient  mine  of  argentiferous  lead  is  in  opera- 
tion ;  iron  ore  is  also  found  in  abundance. 

Zaiamea  la  Real,  th&-l&-mi'&  13.  Ri.-&r,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva.  Pop.  2235, 
who  manufacture  woollens,  leather,  and  cordage.  Near  it 
are  the  famous  copper-mines  of  Rio  Tinto. 

Zalathua*  zohHot'nSh,  or  Zlakna  (Ger.  Eleintchlat- 
ten,  klin-shlit'ten),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Maros,  18  miles  W.  of  Karlsburg.  It  has  a  mining 
tribunal,  and  mines  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  mercury. 

Zalesczyky,  or  Zaleszczyky,  z&-ldsh-chlk'ee,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  26  miles  S.  of  Czortkow,  on  the 
Dniester.     Pop.  1516. 

Zales'ki,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Vinton 
CO.,  0.,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  20  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Athens.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  colliery.  The  machine-shops  and  car-shops  of  the  rail- 
road are  located  here. 

Za'lia,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Iowa. 

ZaPinaf,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Strait  of  Macassar, 
W.  of  Celebes.     Lat.  5°  30'  S.;  Ion.  118°  30'  E. 

Za^loon',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  main  Ir- 
rawaddy,  about  30  miles  below  Henzada.     Pop.  5105. 

Zalosze,  or  Zalosce,  z&-losh'&,  a  market-town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Sered,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brody. 
Pop.  4820.  It  has  an  ancient  castle,  a  convent,  and  manu- 
factures of  fine  woollen  cloths. 

Zait  Bommel,  Netherlands.     See  Bomhel. 

ZambaleS)  sim-bi'16s,  a  province  of  the  Philippines, 
on  the  W.  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  forming  a  long  and  nar- 
row belt  stretching  about  90  miles  between  the  Bay  of 
Lingayen  on  the  N.  and  that  of  Subie  or  Suba  on  the  S. 
Capital,  Iba.     Pop.  37,035. 

Zamberg)  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Senftenberg. 

Zambezi,  or  Zambeze,  z&m-bi'zee,  called  also 
Cuama,  kwi'ml,  a  river  of  East  Africa,  enters  the  Indian 
Ocean  by  numerous  mouths  between  17°  and  19°  S.  lat.  The 
Quilimane  River,  formerly  regarded  as  its  main  mouth,  has 
been  ascertained  to  be  a  distinct  stream,  except  in  floods, 
when  the  two  rivers  communicate.  The  upper  part  of  the 
Zambezi  is  called  Leeba  and  Leeambye.  The  lower  Zam- 
bezi receives,  through  the  river  Shir6,  the  waters  of  the 
great  lake  Nyassa.  It  is  noted  for  its  cataracts,  of  which 
the  Victoria  Falls  (lat.  17°  55'  S.,  Ion.  26°  32'  E.)  are  the 
principal.  At  the  mouths  of  the  Zambezi  are  bad  bars,  and 
the  river  is  navigable  only  for  small  vessels.  It  is  about 
1800  miles  long,  and  is  by  far  the  largest  stream  on  the 
eastern  vergent  of  Africa. 

Zamboan§:a,  and  Zamboangan.   See  Sauboanga. 

Zainora,  thi-mo'ri  (anc.  Ocellodurum  f),  a  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Zamora,  on  the  Douro,  31 


miles  N.N.W.  of  Salamanca.  Pop.  12,416.  It  is  enclosed 
by  decayed  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral,  hospitals,  barracks, 
a  court-house,  public  granary,  bishop's  palace,  the  remains 
of  an  ancient  castle,  and  manufactures  of  serges,  hats, 
leather,  liqueurs,  and  gunpowder.  The  town  is  entered  by 
7  gates.  In  early  history,  Zamora  was  an  important  fron- 
tier town  against  Moorish  invasions.  It  was  recovered  from 
the  infidel  in  748  by  Alfenso  I.,  El  Cat61ico.  In  July,  939, 
it  was  besieged  by  Abd-er-Rahman  III.,  when  a  desperate 
battle  was  fought  for  its  relief  by  Ramiro  II.,  and  the  Mos- 
lems were  defeated.  Zamora  was  then  enclosed  by  7  lines 
of  walls,  and  the  spaces  between  were  defended  by  moats ; 
40,000  Moors  are  said  to  have  been  killed  in  these  trenches. 
In  985  it  was  taken  and  destroyed  by  the  great  Al-Mansoor ; 
but  it  was  rebuilt  by  Ferdinand  I. 

Zamora,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  bounded  W. 
by  Portugal.     Area,  4135  square  miles.     Pop.  250,968. 

Zamora,  8&-mo'r&,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  department  of 
Asuay,  province  and  25  miles  E.  of  Loja,  on  the  Zamora 
River,  an  affluent  of  the  Amazon. 

Zamora,  s&-mo'r&,  a  market-town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Michoacan,  75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morelia. 

Zamora,  a  S.W.  central  state  of  Venezuela.  Area, 
25,212  square  miles.     Pop.  240,635.     Capital,  Barinas. 

Zamora,  si-mo'ri,  or  Caica,  kil'ki,  a  town  of  Peru, 
department  and  20  miles  N.  of  Cuzco. 

Zamora,  zi-mo'ri,  or  Comora,  ko-mo'ri,  a  market- 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon. 

Zamora,  zfl,-mo'rior  zi^mo^ri'  (anc.  Hor'rea  Ce'lia),  a 
small  town  of  Algeria,  105  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers. 

Zamo'ra,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison  <fc  'fopeka  Railroad,  about  100  miles  W.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Zamosz,  zi'mosh,  or  Zamosc,  zi'mists,  a  strongly 
fortified  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  45  miles 
S.E.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz.  Pop.,  excluding  garrison, 
6781.  It  has  an  extensive  arsenal,  which  has  been  fortified 
since  1807  as  a  bulwark  on  the  line  of  the  Vistula. 

Zamosz,  Stari,  sti'ree  zi'mosh,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zamosz.  Pop.  4008.  It  has 
a  lyceum,  and  is  strongly  fortified. 

Zamota,  z4-mo't4,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Minsk,  47  miles  W.  of  Disna.     Pop.  1550. 

Zana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.    See  Dembea. 

Zancara,  thin-ki'ri',  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Gna- 
diana.     Total  course,  exclusive  of  windings,  114  miles. 

Zanchwitz',  Prussia.    See  Ziandowitz. 

Zancle,  the  ancient  name  of  Messina. 

Zandobbio,  dzin-dob'be-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  11  miles  E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1167. 

Zaudvliet,  zindVleet',  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium, 
province  and  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Antwerp,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  1200. 

Zane,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  879. 

Zanen,  Netherlands.    See  Zaanen. 

Zanesfield,  zanz'feeld,  a  post-village  in  Jefi"erson  town- 
ship, Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  Mad  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Bellefon- 
taine.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Zanesville,  zanz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Zanesville 
township,  Montgomery  co..  111.,  6  miles  W.  of  Raymond, 
and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1901. 

Zanesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  on  Bee 
Creek,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is  partly  in 
Allen  CO.     It  has  2  churches,  and  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

Zanesville,  a  city  and  railroad  centre  of  Ohio,  the 
capital  of  Muskingum  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Muskingum 
River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  and  on  the  National 
Road,  at  the  convergence  of  no  less  than  8  railroad  lines, 
by  the  chief  of  which  it  is  connected  with  Columbus  on 
the  W.  (59  miles  distant),  Cleveland  on  the  N.  (144  miles), 
and  Cincinnati  on  the  S.W.  (168  miles).  Lat  39°  67'  N.; 
Ion.  81°  68'  W.  The  city  is  well  planned,  has  wide  streets, 
and  is  well  supplied  with  water  from  a  reservoir  having  a 
capacity  of  2,000,000  gallons.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
about  20  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank  and 
several  other  banking  houses,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  4  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers.  Its  prosperity  is 
principally  derived  from  extensive  manufactures  of  steam- 
engines,  iron  products,  glass,  carriages,  paper,  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  sash  and  blinds,  encaustic  tiling  (for  which 
the  largest  tile-works  in  the  world  were  erected  in  1891-92), 
bricks  of  various  kinds  on  an  extensive  scale,  pottery  (for 
which  three  establishments  were  erected  in  1891),  pearl 
barley,  soap,  glycerin,  coffins  and  caskets,  furniture,  &e. 
Bituminous  coal  and  clays  abound  in  the  surrounding 
hills.    A  belt-line  railway  connects  the  several  roads  which 


ZAN 


2886 


ZAB 


enter  the  city,  and  the  principal  manufacturing  establish 
tnents  huve  direct  communication  with  the  entire  rail- 
way system.  Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880,  18,113:  in  1890 
21,009. 

Zangf  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Tkshoo-Loouboo. 

Zangeia,  zing-gi'y&,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in 
Houssa,  50  miles  S.£.  of  Kano. 

Zangnomang,  z&ng^no-m&ng',  a  town  of  British  Bur- 
mah,  province  of  Pegu,  on  the  Pegu  River,  immediately 
opposite  the  city  of  Pegu. 

Zangnebar,  z3,ng^ghi-bar',  a  name  frequently  given 
hy  geographers  to  a  long  tract  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 
The  word  Zanguebar  (properly  Zangebar,  with  g  hard)  is 
equivalent  to  the  Arab  expression  Ber  ez-Zing  or  es-Zinj, 
the  "  land  of  the  Zinj  or  Zing,"  being  derived  from  Zinj  or 
Zing,  the  ancient  Arabic  name  of  the  East  African  negro,  and 
the  Persian  or  Indian  word  Bar,  "  country."  Zanguebar 
commences  where  the  indigenous  black  population  takes 
the  place  of  the  swarthy  Somaulee  race,  that  is,  at  the  S. 
side  of  the  river  Juba,  near  the  equator;  it  originally  ex- 
tended S.  much  farther  than  at  present,  but  the  Portuguese, 
drawing  a  distinction  between  Zanguebar  and  the  coasts 
which  they  claimed  or  occupied,  fixed  its  S.  limit  at  Cape 
Delgado.     See  Zanzibar. 

Zanica,  dzi-ne'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  prorince  ajid  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1923. 

Zaniemy8ch],ts3,'nee-mish'ror  z&n'yi-mishT,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1520. 

Zanow,  tsi'nov,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  2323.     It  has  distilleries. 

Zanshausen,  tsS.n8'hdw^z9n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Pomerania,  province  of  Brandenburg,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Landsberg,  with  iron-works. 

Zans^kar',  a  river  of  Ladakh,  or  Middle  Thibet,  rises 
near  lat.  32°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  TS"  E.,  flows  N.W.,  then 
N.N.E.  to  its  junction  with  the  Indus,  near  lat.  34*  10'  N. 
and  Ion.  77°  25'  E.     Length,  140  miles. 

Zanskar,  an  elevated  region  of  Ladakh,  or  Middle 
Thibet,  between  lat.  33°  and  34°  N.  and  Ion.  76°  20'  and 
77°  30'  E.  It  is  traversed  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  near  its  S. 
frontier,  by  a  mountain-chain  about  18,000  feet  high,  here 
forming  the  watershed  between  the  Chenaub  and  the  Indus. 

Zanta,  a  lake  of  Turkey.     See  Scutari. 

Zante^  z3,n'te  or  z^n'ik,  or  Zacynthus,  zi-sin'thQs 
(Gr.  ZaKvv9o<s,  Zakunthoa),  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  Medi- 
terranean, about  10  miles  S.  of  Cephalonia,  and  15  miles 
from  the  nearest  point  of  the  Morea.  Lat.  of  N.  point, 
37°  56'  N.;  Ion.  20°  41'  E.  It  is  about  24  miles  long  by 
12  miles  broad,  and  is  indented  with  a  deep  bay  at  its  S.E. 
extremity.  The  E.  coast  has  a  harbor,  within  which  is  situ- 
ated the  town  of  Zante.  The  greater  part  of  the  interior 
consists  of  an  extensive  plain,  which  is  extremely  fertile. 
Gypsum  appears  in  various  parts ;  but  the  most  remarkable 
mineral  feature  of  Zante  is  its  pitch-wells,  situated  about 
10  miles  from  the  town,  and  celebrated  since  the  time  of 
Herodotus.  Earthquakes  frequently  occur.  The  chief  ex- 
ports are  currants,  oil,  soap,  and  a  little  wine.  Pomegran- 
ates, melons,  peaches,  citrons,  and  other  fruits  are  grown. 
Area,  277  square  miles.     Pop.  44,557. 

Zante  J  a  town  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  capital  of  the 
above  island,  on  its  E.  side,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  or  harbor. 
It  is  built  chiefly  in  the  Italian  style,  the  houses  being 
seldom  more  than  one  story  high.  The  principal  street  is 
broad  and  handsome;  the  market-place  is  spacious,  and 
serves  both  for  an  exchange  and  a  public  promenade.  The 
churches  are  numerous,  generally  substantial,  and  richly 
decorated  within.  Its  port  is  protected  by  a  wall,  and  has 
a  light-house.  Zante  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  protopapas  and 
a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  by  an 
earthquake  on  October  30,  1841.     Pop.  17,516. 

Zanzibar,  zin^ze-bar',  or  Zanguebar,  zlng^ghe- 
bar'  (Fr.  Zanzibar,  zftN»^ze^baR',  or  Sansibar),  a  sultanate 
or  empire  of  Eastern  Africa,  comprising  the  islands  of  Zan- 
zibar, Monfia,  and  Pemba,  and  many  smaller  coast-islands, 
with  a  narrow  strip  along  the  coast  of  the  mainland  from 
about  lat.  2°  30'  N.  to  10°  45'  S.  Its  ruler  (called  the  sul- 
tan by  Europeans,  and  sayyeed  by  Arabs  and  natives)  be- 
came independent  of  the  Imaum  of  Muscat  in  1862,  and 
the  suKanate  passed  under  British  protection.  Chief  towns, 
Zanzibar  (the  capital),  Mombas,  and  Quiloa.  In  1886  a 
joint  commission  representing  the  governments  of  Great 
Britain,  Germany,  and  France  fixed  the  boundaries  of  Zan- 
zibar on  the  mainland  and  defined  their  own  several 
"  spheres  of  influence"  in  the  sultan's  dominions,  thus 
virtually  reducing  the  sultanate  to  little  more  than  a 
satrapy  of  those  governments.  The  island  of  Zanzibar 
lies  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  extending  from  lat.  5°  43'  to 


6°  28'  S.,  about  50  miles  in  length,  and  with  a  breadth 
of  15  or  18  miles.  Area,  650  square  miles.  It  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  mainland  by  a  strait  about  25  miles  wide, 
thinly  beset  with  coral  reefs.  The  island  of  Zanzibar, 
like  all  the  islands  on  this  coast,  is  of  coral  formation, 
and  comparatively  low.  Its  E.  side  presents  a  continuous 
and  tolerably  uniform  wall  of  coral  rock,  often  30  feet  or 
more  above  the  sea,  and  overhanging  the  waves.  On  the 
W,  side  the  shores  are  much  lower  and  much  more  irregu- 
lar. The  surface  of  Zanzibar  is  undulating,  and  the  soil 
is  extremely  rich.  It  presents,  therefore,  an  agreeable 
scene,  the  variety  and  luxuriance  of  the  vegetation  com 
pensating  for  the  monotony  of  the  ground.  It  is  sufiiciently 
watered,  though  the  rivulets  are  small.  Zanzibar  is  now  the 
chief  market  in  the  world  for  the  supply  of  ivory,  gum 
copal,  and  cloves.  Its  imports  consist  chiefly  of  American, 
English,  and  Indian  cottons,  cowries,  hides,  salt  fish,  rice, 
beads,  ghee,  muskets,  gunpowder,  sandal-wood,  bullion,  Ac, 
to  the  value  of  about  $2,300,000  per  annum.  The  exports 
comprise  ivory,  cloves,  gum  copal,  hides,  cowries,  sesamum, 
cocoa-nuts,  timber,  oil,  red  pepper,  Ac. ;  value  per  annum, 
about  $2,000,000.  The  cloves  are  entirely  the  produce  of 
the  islands  of  Zanzibar  and  Pemba.  The  first  clove  trees 
were  introduced  in  1840,  from  the  Mauritius :  being  found  to 
thrive,  they  were  extensively  planted,  and  their  cultivation 
has  now  almost  superseded  that  of  sugar  and  rice,  which 
were  formerly  the  chief  products  of  these  islands.  The 
average  crop  of  cloves  is  about  7,000,000  pounds.  Cotton 
and  sugar-cane  grow  in  great  perfection,  but  are  not  ex- 
ported. Pop.  of  the  island,  probably  300,000.  The  town 
of  Zanzibar  (native,  Unguja),  the  capital  of  the  island  and 
sultanate,  is  situated  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island,  and  con- 
tains a  pop.  of  about  80,000.  It  has  a  large  French  hos- 
pital, and  the  fine  cathedral  church  of  the  Anglican  bishop ; 
ship-building,  stone-masonry,  goldsmiths',  silversmiths', 
coppersmiths',  and  blacksmiths'  work,  besides  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods  and  trinkets,  are  carried  on.  The 
foreign  trade  is  very  extensive  and  important.  The  harbor 
of  Zanzibar  (anc.  Menu'thiaa  Si'nua)  is  commodious  and 
perfectly  safe. 

Zftpadnaia-Kolima.    See  Indighirka. 

Zapara,  8&-p&'r&,  an  island  and  castle  of  Yeneznela, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Maracaybo,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Lake 
Maracaybo.     Length  of  the  island,  12  miles. 

Zapata,  s3,-p&'ti,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas, 
bordering  on  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  1370  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Rio  Grande.  The 
surface  is  mostly  level.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  many 
sheep,  horses,  and  cattle.  Wool  is  one  of  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  Capital,  Carrizo.  Pop.  in  1870,  1488 ;  in  1880, 
3636;  in  1890,  3562. 

Zapatera,  s&-p&-t4'r&,  one  of  the  largest  islands  of 
Lake  Nicaragua,  in  the  republic  of  Nicaragua.  It  has  a 
mountainous  surface  nearly  2000  feet  high. 

Zapato,  z&-pi'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Costilla  co..  Col., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Alamosa. 

Zapatosa,  or  Zapatoza  (z&-p&-to's&  or  s&-p&-to's&; 
Sp.  pron.  thi-pi-to'thi),  a  lake  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Mompox,  is  an  enlargement  of 
the  river  Sesar  before  it  joins  the  Magdalena.  Length, 
about  25  miles ;  breadth,  22  miles. 

Zaphran  Islands.    See  Zaffarin  Islands. 

Zapotla,  thi-pot'13,,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Colima.  It  has  a  great  trade  in  cochi- 
neal.    Pop.  20,000. 

Zara,  z&'rk  (It.  pron.  dz&'r&;  ano.  Jadera),  a  city  of 
Austria,  the  capital  city  of  Dalmatia,  on  a  peninsula,  op- 
posite the  island  of  Ugliano  in  the  Adriatic,  73  miles  N.W. 
of  Spalato,  and  170  miles  S.E.  of  Venice.  Lat.  44°  N.; 
Ion.  16°  14'  E.  Pop.  about  8000,  mostly  of  Italian  descent; 
and  the  villages  of  its  immediate  vicinity  have  from  20,000  to 
30,000  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  with  walls  of  Venetian 
construction,  which  form  its  chief  public  promenade,  and  is 
strongly  fortified.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  6  other  churches, 
many  convents  and  monasteries,  a  naval  and  military  ar- 
senal, a  theatre,  barracks  occupying  a  Roman  edifice,  a 
lyceum,  a  gymnasium,  an  episcopal  seminary,  a  museum,  and 
a  number  of  Roman  remains.  Its  harbor  is  small,  but  it 
has  active  fisheries  and  a  good  coasting-trade.  The  prin 
cipal  manufactures  are  of  maraschino  and  leather,  and  of 
silk  and  linen  fabrics.  Zara  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop. 
Near  it  are  remains  of  a  fine  aqueduct  built  by  Trajan. 
See  Zara-Vecchia. 

Zara,  z&Vd,',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Seevas.  Pop.  about  300  families.  It  has  a 
large  mosque  and  a  neat  Armenian  church. 

Zarafshan.  Russian  Toorkistan.    See  Zerafshan. 


ZAR 


2887 


ZEB 


Zaragoza,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Sarasossa. 

Zaraisk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Saraisk. 

Zarand,  z5h'r3nd',  a  S.E.  county  of  Hungary,  bordering 
on  Transylvania.     Area,  501  square  miles.     Pop.  63,382. 

Zarand*  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Temesvar.     It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco. 

Zaransk)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Saransk. 

Zarauz,  thi-rSwth',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Qui- 
puzcoa,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  3  miles  W.  of  St.  Sebastian. 

Zara-Yecchia,  zVri-  (or  dzi'ri-)  vSk-ke-i,  "Old 
Zara"  (Illyrian,  Start  Zadar,  or  Biograd  ;  ano.  Blando'na, 
or  Al'ha  Marit'ima),  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Zara.  It  was  once  an  important  place,  and  the  residence 
of  the  Croat  kings,  but  was  ruined  during  the  wars  of  the 
Venetians  with  the  kings  of  Hungary.     Pop.  450. 

Zara  (or  Zer'ah)  Zakalia,  zi'ri^  zi-ki'le-i,  the 
Bouthernmost  of  the  Kerkini  Islands,  oflF  the  B.  coast  of 
Tunis,  North  Africa, 

Zardam,  Netherlands.   See  Zaandah. 

Zarephath,  a  Scriptural  name  of  Surapend. 

Zarevokokshaisk,  or  Zarewokokschaisk,  zk- 
riVo-kok-shisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Kazan.     Pop.  1124. 

Zarevosantschursk,  or  Zarewosantschnrsk, 
ri-riVo-zin-ohooRsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
145  miles  S.W.  of  Viatka.     Pop.  992. 

ZareAV,  zi-rSv',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the  government 
of  Astrakhan.     Pop.  7996. 

Zargoon,  Zargoun,  or  Zargun,  zar^goon',  a  small 
town  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Sheeraz. 

Zaria,  or  Zariya,  zi'ree^ya,  the  capital  town  of 
Zeg-Zeg,  a  country  of  Central  Africa,  near  12°  N.  lat.  and 
8°  E.  Ion.     Pop.  estimated  at  40,000. 

Zariaspa,  an  ancient  name  of  Balkh. 

Zaritzyn,  or  Zarizyn,  Russia.     See  Tsaritsin. 

Zarki,  zaR'kee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
of  Kielce,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Olkusz.     Pop.  2700. 

Zar'nah,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Koordistan,  in  the 
Zagros  Mountains,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Kermanshah,  and  con- 
jectured by  Major  Piawlinson  to  have  been  the  capital  of 
Elymais,  and  the  ffara  of  the  Captivity. 

Zarno,  dzaR'no,  a  market-town  of  Austrian  Oalicia,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Tarnow.     Pop.  1500. 

Zarnow,  zaB'nov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Radom,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Konskie. 

Zarnowice,  zaR-no-^eet'si,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  44  miles  S.W.  of  Kielce,  with  a  ruined  castle, 
near  the  Pilica.     Pop.  1200. 

Zarrentin,  tsaR-R^n-teen',  a  village  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake  Schall,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  1777. 

Zarskoe>Selo,  Russia.    See  Tsarskoe-Selo. 

Zarta,  a  town  of  Albania.     See  Arta. 

Zaruma,  zi-roo'mi,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  25  miles  N.W. 
of  Loja,  on  the  Tumbez.  Pop.  6000.  In  its  vicinity  are 
excellent  silver-mines. 

Zarza  Capilla^than'th^  k&-peel'y&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Estremadura,  province  and  80  miles  from  Badajos,  on 
the  Sujar.     Pop.  1570. 

Zarza  de  Alange,  thaR'thS,  di  &-l&ng'H&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana,  11  miles  S.E. 
of  Merida.     Pop.  3002. 

Zarza  de  Granadilla,  than'thS,  d&  grd,-n&-Deel'y&, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  of  Caoeres,  on 
a  low  plain.     Pop.  1319. 

Zarza  de  JMontancheSt  thaR'tbi  d&  mon-t&n'ohSs, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  about  20 
miles  from  Caceres.     Pop.  1071. 

Zarza  la  Mayor,  than'thi  IS,  ml-oR',  commonly  called 
Zarza-Qiiemada,  tban'thi.  k&-m&'i>&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Alcantara.     Pop.  3315. 

Zarziss,  zaR'ziss^  a  maritime  town  and  castle  of  Tunis, 
on  the  frontier  of  Tripoli,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Cabes. 

Zashiversk,  z8,-she-vaiRsk',  a  village  of  East  Siberia, 
province  of  Yakootsk,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Indighirka. 
Lat.  66°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  142°  E. 

Zaslav,  Zaslaw,  zis-lS,v',  or  Iziaslav,  e-ze-&s-l&v', 
a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Gorin,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Ostrog.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.  Pop.  7360,  com- 
prising many  Jews, 

Zasmuk,  ts&s'mSSk  or  z&s'm5Sk,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Kaurzim.  It  has  2  castles,  a  Franciscan 
convent,  and  some  breweries  and  distilleries.     Pop.  2080. 

Zastaw'na,  a  town  of  Austria,  province  of  Bukowina. 
Pop.  2867. 

Zatas,  z9,'t&s,  or  Zx>raya,  so-ri'&,  a  river  of  Portugal, 
'ormed  by  the  junction  of  the  rivers  Sora  and  Brva,  joins 


the  Tagus  26  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon,  after  having  formed 
the  boundary  between  the  provinces  of  Alemtejo  and  Por- 
tuguese Estremadura. 

Zatecz,  the  Bohemian  for  Saatz. 

Zator,  ts&'tor,  a  town  of  Austrian  Oalicia,  on  the  Vis- 
tula, 9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wadowice.     Pop.  1370. 

Zauditz,  tsSw'dits,  or  Saudice,  sdw-dee'tsi,  written 
also  Sudzice,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  of 
Oppeln,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Ratibor.     Pop.  1200. 

Zavala,  z&-v&'I&,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas. 
Area,  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Rio  Nueces  and  the  Leona.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Capital, 
Batesville.    Pop.  in  1870.  133 ;  in  1880,  410  j  in  1890, 10»7. 

Zavanasco,  dz&-v&-n&s'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov 
ince  and  9  miles  N.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Pavia  Canal. 

Zavatarello,  dzi-vi-ti-rSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Pavia,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bobbio.     Pop.  1813. 

Za'vis,  a  post-oflSce  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis. 

Zawila,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Zueela. 

Zawoja,  zi-wo'yfl,,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  circle 
of  Wadowice.     Pop.  4808. 

Zayendeh-Rood,  a  river  of  Persia.   See  Zenbarood. 

Zayi,  zi'yee,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  70 
miles  S.  of  Merida,  finely  situated  among  a  range  of  hills, 
its  remains  comprising  a  vast  building. 

Zbarasz,  zM'r&sh,  or  Zbaraz,  zb&'r&zh,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Tarnopol,  on  the  Ikva. 
Pop.  6772.  It  has  an  ancient  castle,  Roman  Catholic  and 
Greek  churches,  a  Bernardine  monastery,  and  a  trade  in 
corn  and  pork. 

Zbirow,  zbee'rSv,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1991. 

Zbo'ro%  a  town  and  two  castles  of  North  Rnngarj,  co. 
of  Saros,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eperies. 

Zborow,  zbo'rdv\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  circle 
of  Zloczow.     Pop.  3078. 

Zbrazlawitz,  zhbr&z-l&'Mts,  a  market-town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 13  miles  S.W.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1200. 

Zdiar,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Saar. 

Zdonice,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Steinitz. 

Zdiiny,  zhdii'nee  (?),  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  57 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3352. 

Zea,  or  Zia,  zee'&  (ano.  Ge'oa ;  Gr.  TS.im),  an  island 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  group  of 
the  Cyclades,  13  miles  E.  of  Cape  Colonna.  Greatest 
length,  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  13  miles  ;  central  breadth, 
8  miles.  Lat.  (Mount  St.  Elias)  37°  37'  18"  N.j  Ion.  24° 
21'  45"  B.  It  is  of  a  very  compact  and  somewhat  oval 
form.  Beyond  the  coasts,  which  are  generally  low,  the 
ground  rises  in  fine  terraces  towards  the  centre,  where  it 
culminates  in  Mount  St.  Elias.  The  climate  is  salubrious, 
and  the  soil  fertile  and  well  cultivated,  producing  in  abun- 
dance barley,  silk,  cotton,  wine,  valonia,  and  figs.    P.  3789. 

Zea  (ano,  luUa),  a  town  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
capital  of  the  above  island,  on  a  small  stream,  aoont  3 
miles  from  the  N.W.  shore.  li^tuRfDf'.  I  3ff 

Zealand,  zee'land  (Dutch,  Zeeland,  zi'lftnt),' tne 'moir^ 
S.  province  of  the  Netherlands,  between  lat.  61**  14'  and 
51"^  45'  N.  and  Ion.  3°  30'  and  4°  7'  E.,  having  E.  the 
province  of  North  Brabant,  S.  and  S.W.  the  Belgian  prov- 
inces of  Antwerp  and  West  Flanders,  W.  the  North  Sea, 
and  N.  the  province  of  North  Holland.  Area,  1101  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  202,096.  Zealand  proper  comprises 
the  islands  of  Walcheren,  Beveland,  Tholen,  Duiveland, 
and  Schouwen,  between  the  mouths  of  the  Scheldt  and  the 
Meuse.  The  surface  is  little  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  protected  against  its  irruption  by  dams  and  dikes ; 
besides  the  islands  the  province  comprises  a  portion  of  the 
continent  S.  of  the  Scheldt.  The  principal  products  are 
grain,  cattle,  butter,  madder,  seeds,  potatoes,  hemp,  and 
turnips.  Linen-weaving,  distilling,  brewing,  salt-refining, 
tile-making,  and  ship-building  are  the  chief  branches  of 
manufacturing  industry.  The  principal  towns  are  Middel- 
burg  (the  capital),  Flushing,  Zierikzee,  and  Goes. 

Zealana,  or  Zeeland,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  17  miles  E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1719. 

Zea'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addington  oo.,  Ontario,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Perth. 

Zealand,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Sesland. 

Zealand,  New.    See  New  Zealand. 

Zeandale,  zeen'd&l,  a  township  of  Riley  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  431. 

Zebayer,  ze-bi'§r,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Red  Sea, 
about  lat.  15°  N.  and  Ion.  42°  B.  It  consists  of  Jibbel- 
Zebayer,  the  easternmost  and  largest;  Saba,  N.W.  by  W. 
of  the  former;  Connected  Island,  an  extraordinary  high 


ZEB 


2888 


2I9IX 


rugged-topped  rock,  joined  to  Saba  by  a  reef;  Saddle, 
Table  Peak,  Rugged,  and  Haycock  Islands,  and  Jibbel- 
Teer,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jibbel-Zebayer.  Saddle  Island 
was  in  eruption  on  August  14,  1846. 

Zebeed,  or  Zebid,  zeb^eed'  or  z?-beed'  (anc.  Sabat), 
a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  district  of  Yemen,  on  the  river 
Zebeed,  15  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Red  Sea,  and  110 
miles  S.W.  of  Sana.  Pop.  7000.  It  is  enclosed  by  high 
walls  flanked  with  numerous  towers,  and  is  of  great  an- 
tiquity. The  river,  stated  to  be  almost  the  only  stream  in 
Arabia  which  continues  to  the  coast,  flows  N.  through  a 
fertile  valley  for  about  80  miles. 

Zebeny)  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Seben. 

Zebrak,  sh&'br&k  (sometimes  written  Schebrak),  or 
Bettlern,  bStt'lim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Beraun.     Pop.  1703. 

Zebu,  ze-boo',  or  Cebn,  se-boo'  (Sp.  pron.  thi-boo'), 
nn  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  Philippine  Isles,  sep- 
arated on  the  W.  from  the  island  of  Negros  by  the  Strait  of 
Taiion,  and  having  on  the  E.  the  dependent  islands  of  Mac- 
tan  and  Bohol,  between  lat.  9°  20'  and  11°  N.  and  Ion.  123° 
and  124°  E.  It  forms  a  long  and  comparatively  narrow 
belt,  with  a  sandy  and  somewhat  stony  soil,  not  so  well 
adapted  to  culture  as  most  of  the  other  Philippine  Islands. 
It  suffers  much  from  want  of  water,  as  rain  seldom  falls, 
and  when  it  does  fall  is  quickly  absorbed.  It  has,  notwith- 
standing, many  fertile  valleys,  which  yield  good  crops  of 
rice,  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  millet,  and  the  best  cocoa  in  the 
Philippines  ;  also  extensive  pastures,  on  which  great  num- 
bers of  cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  fed.  The  climate  is 
remarkably  pleasant,  the  excessive  heat  being  tempered  by 
an  evening  and  a  morning  breeze.  Pop.  320,000.  The 
capital  town  is  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  E.  shore, 
opposite  the  island  of  Mactan,  is  divided  by  a  stream  into 
two  parts,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  handsome  episcopal 
palace,  and  a  lepers'  hospital.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and 
an  important  trade,  chiefly  with  Manila.  On  the  island  of 
Mactan,  Magellan  (Magalhaens)  was  killed  in  a  skirmish 
in  1521.     Pop.  of  town,  30,000. 

Zebu,  or  Cebu,  a  province  of  the  Philippines,  which 
includes,  in  addition  to  the  island  of  Zebu,  the  islands  of 
Mactan,  Batayan,  Sicijon,  Bohol,  and  Camotes,  and  forms 
44  pueblos.     Pop.  389,073. 

Zeb'nlon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Gm.,  12 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  GriflSn,  and  about  50  milea  S.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Zechin,  z^K'in,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
near  Kiistrin.     Pop.  1700. 

Zedelghem,  zi'd^l-ohfim^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3429. 

Zedenick,  or  Zehdenik,  t8i'd§h-nik\  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Havel,  11  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Templin.     Pop.  2904. 

Zedik,  zSd^eek'  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghi- 
Jan,  20  miles  W.  of  Reshd.  It  consists  of  about  500  houses, 
ouilt  on  a  steep  mountain-side. 

Zed'lar's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Gonzales  oc,  Tex. 

Zeeland,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Sebland. 

Zeelaud,  Netherlands.    See  Zealand. 

Zee'land,  a  post-village  in  Zeeland  township,  Ottawa 
CO.,  Mich.,  near  Black  River,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago 
&  West  Michigan  Railrosui,  20i  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Holland.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank- 
ing-house. 

Zegan,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Sagan. 

Zegedin,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Szegedin. 

Zeggers  Cappel,  zSg'gh^rs  kip'pSl  (Fr.  pron.  zi^- 
zhain'  kS.p^p5l'),  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles  S. 
of  Dunkirk.     Pop.  1768. 

Zeghen,  zi-gh8n'  (?),  or  Zeghau,  a  town  of  Central 
Africa,  in  Fezzan,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Moorzook. 
It  is  surrounded  by  palm-groves. 

Zegozhee,  z8g^o-zhee',  written  also  Zagoshi,  Guinea, 
an  island  in  the  Niger  River,  opposite  the  town  of  Rabba. 

Zegwaard,  zSgV3.Rt',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  The  Hague.   P.  1397. 

Zeg-Zeg,  z5g^z5g',  a  kingdom  or  country  of  Soodan, 
intersected  by  the  12th  parallel  of  N.  latitude  and  the  10th 
meridian  of  E.  longitude.     Capital,  Zaria. 

Zehden,  tsi'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 40  miles  N.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1939. 

Zehdenik,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Zedenick. 

Zehol,  a  palace  of  Peking.     See  Zhehol. 

Zehree,  zi'ree*  or  zSn'r'ee,  a  town  of  Belooohistan, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Jhalawan,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Kelat, 
in  a  fertile  district  of  its  own, name,  and  reported  to  be  of 
■ome  importance.  •  "^U*^  »-i>Jvw.i»iv 


Zeiden,  tsl'dfn,  or  Feketehalon,  fi'kiHlL'h&'lon\ 
a  market-town  of  Transylvania,  in  Saxonland,  at  the  foot 
of  a  mountain,  co.  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kronstadt.  Pop. 
3220,  many  of  whom  are  occupied  in  cotton-weaving. 

Zeidler,  tsl'dl^r,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia, 
circle  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1671. 

Zeiglersville,  zeeg'l§rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  in  Frederick  township,  on  the  Perkiomen 
Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Allentown,  and  37  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  manufaoturea  of  carriages  and 
harness,  2  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Ze^st,  Netherlands.     See  Zeist. 

Zeil,  tsile,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Lower  Fran- 
oonia,  near  the  Main,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hassfurt.  Pop 
1368.     It  has  a  monument  to  the  Emperor  Maximilian. 

Zeila,  or  Zeileh,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Zetla. 

Zeiskam,  tsis'k&m,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palat 
inate,  canton  of  Germersheim.     Pop.  1824. 

Zeist,  Zeyst,  or  Zeljst,  zlst,  a  parish  and  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  province  and  5  miles  E.  of  Utrecht.  Pop. 
5626.  It  has  a  colony  of  Moravian  Christians,  who  manu- 
facture lacquered  wares,  jewelry,  gloves,  and  soap. 

Zeitoon,  Zeitoun,  or  Zeitun,  z&'toon',  a  place  of 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  route  from  Arabgheer  to  Aleppo,  with 
mines  from  which  excellent  iron  ore  is  obtained. 

Zeitoon,  Zeitoun,  or  Zeitun,  z4Hoon',  a  district 
of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  E.  of  Behbehan,  and  highly 
fertile  and  populous.  Its  village,  Zeitoon,  is  in  ruins.  See 
also  Lamia,  and  Golf  of  Lamia. 

Zeitz,  tslts,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  govern- 
ment of  Merseburg,  on  the  White  Elster,  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Leipsic.  Pop.  16,480.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  Protestant  gym- 
nasium, 2  castles,  one  of  which  now  serves  as  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  earthenware, 
leather,  pianos,  silk  fabrics,  linens,  and  woollen  goods,  with 
breweries,  distilleries,  and  cotton-printing-works.  There 
are  some  large  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Zekanovets,  or  Zekanovetz.    See  Cxechaitowieo. 

Zeks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

Zela,  an  ancient  name  of  Zilleh. 

Zelada,  dz&-l&'di,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Ticino. 

Zelan'dia  (Dutch  pron.  z&-l&n'de-&),  a  fort  of  Dutcb 
Guiana,  and  the  residence  of  its  governor,  immediately  N. 
of  the  town  of  Paramaribo,  in  lat.  6°  47'  N.,  Ion.  68°  32'  W. 

Zelania,  Nova  Zembla.     See  Jelania. 

Zelanz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Klaoenfurth. 

Zelaya,  or  Celaya,  s&-ld.'y&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Guanajuato,  on  the  route  to  Queretaro 
and  Mexico.  Pop.  about  10,000.  It  has  a  fine  square, 
several  convents  rich  in  works  of  art,  and  2  magnificent 
churches.     It  is  the  seat  of  some  cotton-manufactures. 

Zele,  zi'lfh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Dendermonde,  on  the  Scheldt  and  Dunne. 
Pop.  11,665.  It  has  a  hospital,  several  schools,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  cloths,  sail-cloth,  &o. 

Zelechow,  z4-13,'kov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Siedlec. 

Zelhem,  zfil'hfim,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  20  miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  3724. 

Zelienople,ze-le-en-o'p'l,  a  post-borough  of  Butler  CO., 
Pa.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  Conequenessing  Creek,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  New  Castle  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  35  milea 
N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Brigh- 
ton. It  has  5  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  manufactory  of 
threshing-machines. 

Zell,  or  Zelle,  a  town  of  Hanover.     See  Celle. 

Zell,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.     See  Liebenzell. 

Zell,  tsSll,  a  market-town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
S.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  2274. 

Zell,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  2i  miles  B. 
of  Oflfenburg.     Pop.  1545. 

Zell,  a  market-town  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  on 
the  Wiessen,  20  miles  S.  of  Freiburg.     Pop  2156. 

Z.ell,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  18  milea 
N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1171. 

Zell,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Toce.     Pop.  1858. 

Zell-am-Harmersbach,  ts4ll-im-haR'mers-bftK\  a 
town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  on  the  Kinzig,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Ofi'enburg.     Pop.  1394. 

Zellerfeld,  or  Cellerfeld,  ts51'l§r-f81t\  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  opposite  Clausthal,  from  which  town 
it  is  separated  by  the  Zellerbach.  Pop.  4260.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  a  mint. 

Zellersee,  the  same  as  Unter-See  (Switzerland). 
Zellin,  ts5l-leen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 


ZEL 


2889 


ZEV 


^ 


denburg,  government  and  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frankfort 
on  the  Oder.     Pop.  2155. 

Zellingen,  tsSl'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1991. 

Zell,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  of  Zell. 

Zell'wood,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Zeltingen,  tsdlt'ing-^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1500. 

Zelva^  zdl'vS,,  or  Zelwia,  zdl've-i,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Grodno,  joins  the  Niemen.  Length,  70  miles. 

Zelva^  or  Zelwia^  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
52  miles  S.E.  of  Grodno,  on  the  above  river.     Pop.  1000. 

Zelzaete^  zil-zi'ti,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Bast  Flanders,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2750. 

Zembin,  z§m-bin'  or  z5m-been',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Minsk,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Borissov.    Pop.  1500. 

Zeme,  dz&'md.,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pavia,  about  6 
miles  from  Mortara.     Pop.  2164. 

Zemlia  Boiska  Don  Skago.    See  Cossacks. 

Zemlin,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Semlin. 

Zemninki,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Troitsk. 

ZeinpeIburg,tsdm'p9l-b55RG',  or  Zemplen,tsdmp'- 
l^n,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marien- 
werder.  Pop.  3516^  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and  Lutheran 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  linens. 

Zem'plin  (Hun.  pron.  zSm^plin'  or  zSm'pleen'),  a  county 
of  Hungary,  Hither  Theiss,  bounded  N.  by  Galicia.  Area, 
2392  square  miles.  Ujhely-Satoralja  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
292,771.  It  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  famous  for  tlie 
production  of  the  Tokay  wines. 

ZempIiU)  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Bodrog,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ujhely-Satoralja.     Pop.  720. 

Zem  Zem,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Cal. 

Ze'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  7  miles  W. 
of  Salem.     It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  store. 

Ze'nas,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  4i  miles 
N.  of  Nebraska,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

ZenascO)  dz4-nis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Novara, 
near  Cava,  and  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Po,  from  the  in- 
undations of  which  it  often  suffers. 

Zendarood,  Zendarud,  or  Zendah-Rud,  zSn^- 
di-rood'  {i.e.,  "  living  stream"),  written  also  Zayendeh- 
Roodj  a  large  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee, 
rises  in  the  Bakhtiyari  Mountains,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Karoon,  flows  E.  past  Ispahan,  and  is  lost  in  the  sands  of 
the  Persian  Desert,  about  150  miles  E.  of  that  city. 

Zengg,  or  Zeng,  zing  or  zink,  written  also  Seny  and 
Szeny  (It.  Segna,  sin'yi;  anc.  Se'ma),  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Croatia,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Karlstadt,  on  the  Adri- 
atic, opposite  the  island  of  Veglia.  Pop.  3496.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  Franciscan  convent, 
a  cathedral,  a  seminary,  and  a  lyceum. 

Zenghi,  zSng'ghee,  or  Zengue,  zSng'ghSh,  a  river 
of  Georgia,  in  Russian  Transcaucasia,  flows  S.  from  Lake 
GSktsche-Denghis  into  the  Aras.     Length,  60  miles. 

Zenghian,  or  Zengan,  Persia.     See  Zenjan. 

Ze'ni,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co.,  New  Mexico,  300 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Las  Vegas.     It  has  a  church. 

Ze'nith,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Zenit'za,  or  Sienitza,  se-i-nit'si,  a  town  of  Bosnia, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  2000. 

Zeivjan,  zSn-jin',  a  river  of  Persia,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Kizil-Oozen  to  form  the  Sefeed  Rood.  Length, 
90  miles. 

Zeigan  (or  Zengan,  z5n-gj,n'),  written  also  Zen- 
ghian,  z5n-ghe-S,n',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee,  on  the  river  Zenjan,  and  on  the  route  from  Ta- 
breez  to  Hamadan,  about  133  miles  N.  of  the  latter.  Pop. 
15,000  (?).  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  has  a  handsome  palace, 
and  is  the  seat  of  an  active  trade  in  carpets,  woollen  cloths, 
arms,  lead,  and  gunpowder. 

ZenkOT)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Senkov. 

Ze'nOy  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in  Meigs 
township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Zanesville. 

Zeno,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Zen'orsville,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Ames.     Pop.  256. 

Zen'son,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  about  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  1605. 

Zeii'ta,  or  Szenta,  sfin'tSh\  a  market-town  of  Hun- 
gary, 00.  of  B^cs,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Theiss,  24  miles 
S.  of  Szegedin.  Pop.  19,938,  mostly  engaged  in  cattle- 
rearing  and  in  fishing.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of 
Prince  Eugene  over  the  Turks  in  1696. 

Zephyr,  zgf^r,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  S.  of  Glen  Elder. 
182 


Zephyr,  zfif^r,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario^ 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Uzbridge.  It  contains  2  hotels,  a  store, 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Zepita,  or  Sepita,  si-pee'ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  de- 

Eartment  and  74  miles  N.W.  of  La  Pas,  on  a  headland  in 
lake  Vinamaroa,  a  branch  of  Titicaca  Lake. 
Zepperen,  z5p'p?r-?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Limbourg,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1332. 

Zerafshan,  Zer-Afshan,  or  Zer-Afchan,  tAr-it- 
sh&n',  a  river  of  Toorkistan,  in  Bokhara,  rises  in  the  high- 
lands E.  of  Samarcand,  flows  westward  past  that  city  and 
Bokhara,  and  is  supposed  to  enter  the  l^rim  after  a  total 
course  estimated  at  400  miles.  It  supplies  many  canals, 
and  is  the  great  fertilizer  of  the  country  it  traverses.     Bee 

SOGHD. 

Zer^afshan',  or  Ser^afshan',  a  government  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  in  Toorkistan,  E.  of  Bokhara  and  W.  of  Fer- 
ghana. Area,  19,625  square  miles.  Capital,  Samarcand. 
Pop.  271,000. 

Zerah  Zakalia,  Kerkini  Islands.   See  Zara  Zakaua. 

Zerain,  a  village  of  Palestine.     See  Zereen. 

Zerani,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Ceram. 

Zerba,  dz4R'b&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Paria, 
on  the  Trebia,  near  Ottone.     Pop.  1048. 

Zerba,  an  island  of  North  Africa.     See  Jerba. 

Zerbe,  township,  Northumberland  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1446. 

Zerboio,  dzjR'bo-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Pavia,  near  the  Ticino,  from  the  inundations  of  which  it 
often  suffers.     Pop.  1993. 

Zerbst,  tsjRpst,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Anhalt, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  11,995.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  town  hall,  a 
penitentiary,  a  public  library,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  manu- 
factures of  jewelry,  silk,  earthenwares,  and  breweries  of  the 
celebrated  Zerbst  bitter  beer. 

Zereen,  or  Zerin,  z§-reen',  written  also  Zerain 
(anc.  Jez'reel),  a  small  village  of  Palestine,  about  52  miles 
N.  of  Jerusalem,  on  the  road  to  Nazareth. 

Zereh,  or  Zerreh,  a  lake  of  Seistnn.    See  Zvrrah. 

Zerere,  zi-rd.'r4,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Matto-Grosso,  rises  in  the  Serra  de  Santa  Barbara,  flows 
N.E.,  and  joins  the  Mondego. 

Zeri,  dzi'ree,  or  Cerri,  chjR'Ree,  a  village  of  Italy, 
7  miles  from  Pontremoli,  with  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  3605. 

Zerin,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Zereen. 

Zerkowo,  zSR-ko'^o,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1957. 

Zermatt,  tsfiR-mitt'  or  zfiR^mJLtt',  a  hamlet  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Valais,  in  a  remote  situation  at  the  head  of 
the  Visp  Valley,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mont  Cervin  (Matter- 
horn),  of  which  it  commands  a  magnificent  view.  It  is  a 
popular  resort  of  tourists. 

Zernagora,  dzfiR-ni-go'ri  (Turkish,  Kara-tagh,  ki'- 
riHig,  "  black  mountains"),  a  mountain-region  of  Europe, 
between  lat.  42°  and  43°  N.  and  Ion.  19°  and  19°  30'  E,, 
and  situated  chiefly  in  the  territory  of  Montenegro. 

Zernetz,  or  Zernez,  Switzerland.     See  Cernetz. 

Zernitz,  Deutsch,  doitch  tsjR'nits,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  government  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1160. 

Zernogora,  Tzernogora,  or  Cernogoray  the 
native  name  of  Montenegro. 

Ze'ro,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  S.B.  of 
Chariton. 

Zerowicz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Serowit*. 

Zerrah,  a  lake  of  Seistan.    See  Zurrah. 

Zeska,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Jabok. 

Zethan,  tsi'tSw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Dresden.     Pop.  1374. 

ZetMand,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  Malt- 
land  River,  6J  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bluevale. 

Zetland  Islands,  Scotland.    See  Shetland  Islands. 

Zetrud-Lnmay-Autgaerden,  z&'triid-lii-mi'-Swt- 
gaR'd§n  (?),  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  on 
the  Grande  Geete,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1488. 

Zeula,  tsoi'l&,  or  Markt-Zeula,  maRkt-tsoi'l&,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Liohtenfels. 

Zeulenroda,  tsoiM^n-ro'da,  or  Zeullnrode,  tsoil'n- 
ro'd^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  principality  of  Reuss-Greitz,  9 
miles  S.AV.  of  Greitz.  Pop.  6300.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs, 
hosiery,  and  watches. 

Zeiitern,  tsoi't^rn,  a  village  of  Baden,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Bruchsal.     Pop.  1603. 

Zeven,  tsd'v^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  24  milee 
S.W.  of  Stade,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Oste.     Pop.  1306. 

Zevenaar,  ziV§n-iR',  a  small  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  395^ 


ZEV 


2890 


ZIO 


Zevenbergen,  z&'v^n-bSR^ohfn,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  on  a  canal,  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Breda.     Pop.  5961. 

Zeveuhuizen,  z&'v^n-hoi'zen,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  South  Holland,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rotterdam. 

Zevio,  dzi've-o,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  6045. 

Zeyla,  Zeylah,  Zeila,  or  Zeileh,  z&'l&  or  z&'l^h,  a 
seaport  town  of  Adel,  Northeast  Africa,  on  the  Strait  of 
Bab-el-Mandeb,  near  the  frontier  of  Abyssinia.  Lat.  11° 
17'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  E.  It  stands  on  a  low  sandy  cape,  is  en- 
closed by  ruined  walls  mounting  a  few  guns,  and  is  garri- 
soned and  subject  to  the  Khedive  of  Egypt.  It  has  6 
mosques,  but  is  principally  composed  of  thatched  huts. 

Zeyring,  Ober,  o'b§r  tsi'ring,  and  Zeyring  Prob- 
stei,  tsi'ring  prop'sti,  two  nearly  contiguous  places  of 
Austria,  Styria,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Judenburg.     Pop.  3300. 

Zeyst;  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Zeist. 

Zezere^  zi-zi'ri,  a  river  of  Portugal,  provinces  of 
Beira  and  Alemtejo,  joins  the  Tagus  at  Punhete,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  100  miles. 

Zhehol,  Gehol,  Jehol,  or  Zehol,  zhi^hol',  written 
also  Jeho  and  Geho,  zh&^ho',  a  celebrated  imperial 
palace,  120  miles  N.E.  of  Peking,  China, 

Zhelania,  Nova  Zembla.     See  Jelania. 

Zhitomeer,  Jitomir,  Jytomir,  or  Zytomir,  zhit- 
o-meer',  written  also  Shitomir,  Schitomir,  and  Zyto- 
miers,  a  town  of  Eussia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Volhynia,  on  the  Teterev,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Kiev.  Pop. 
54,827.  It  has  Russo-Greek,  Lutheran,  and  Roman  Cath- 
olic churches,  a  gymnasium,  theological  seminary,  govern- 
ment library,  manufactures  of  hats  and  leather,  and  a 
flourishing  trade  in  woollens,  silk  and  linen  fabrics,  salt, 
and  agricultural  produce. 

Zhizdra)  or  Jizdra,  zhis'drS.,  written  also  Schis> 
dra,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  80  miles  S.W.  of 
Kalooga,  capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  Zhizdra,  an  affluent  of 
the  Oka.  Pop.  11,703.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  and  glass-  and  iron-works. 

Zia^  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Zea. 

Zia,  zee'&,  an  Indian  village  of  Santa  Ana  co..  New 
Mexico,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albuquerque. 

Ziandou,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  SAXDAn. 

ZiandoAvitz,  tse-&n'do-^its\  or  Zanchwitz^ts&nK'- 
^its,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  and  24  miles 
from  Oppeln.     Pop.  3449. 

Zi'ba,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

ZibellO)  dze-bfil'lo,  or  Gibello,  je-bJl'lo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Parma,  near  the  Po.     Pop.  4106. 

ZibkoT,  Novo,  Russia.     See  Novosibkov. 

Zicavo,  dzo-ki'vo,  a  market-town  of  Corsica,  19  miles 
E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  1367. 

Ziebingen,  tsee'bing-^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, near  Frankfort  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  2343. 

Ziegelhauseiijtsee'gh^l-hSw^zfn,  a  village  of  Baden, 
on  the  Neckar,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1997. 

Ziegenhain,  t8ee'gh§n-hin\  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Schwalm,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Marburg.     Pop.  1394.     It  has  an  ancient  castle. 

Ziegenhals,  tsee'gh§n-h3,ls\  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Biela,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  5828. 
It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  pottery,  linen,  Ac. 

Ziegenort,  tsee'gh?n-oRt^  (Gross,  groce,  and  Klein, 
klin),  two  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  15 
miles  N.  of  Stettin,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oder  in  the  Stet- 
tiner-Haflf.     Pop.  1904. 

Ziegeuriick,  tsee'g§n-riik\  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, government  of  Erfurt,  capital  of  a  detached  circle,  on 
the  Saale,  enclosed  by  the  Saxon  duchies,  7  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Schleitz.     Pop.  965. 

Zieglerville,  zee'gl^r-vil,  or  Duboisville,  d6S- 
bois'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Redford  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Fisher's.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Zielenzig,  tsee'lfn-tsioS  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Frankfort 
on  the  Oder.  Pop.  5732.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens, 
hosiery,  leather,  hats,  and  gloves.  There  are  coal-mines 
in  its  vicinity. 

Zielona,  tsee-lo'nS.,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Qalicia,  36 
miles  W.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  1799. 

Zierenberg,  tsee'r§n-b8RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Warme,  an  aflauent  of  the  Diemel,  10 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1601. 

Zierikzee,  zee'rik-zi\  a  fortified  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  Schouwen, 
near  the  East  Scheldt.  Lat.  51°  38'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  56'  E. 
Pop.  7941.    It  has  salt-refineries  and  a  large  oyster-fishery. 


Zierikzee  is  the  oldest  town  in  Zealand,  and  formerly 
belonged  to  the  Hanseatic  League. 

Ziesar,  tsee'zar,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  29  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  2791.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  hosiery. 

Zieza,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Cieza. 

Zif,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  111.     Pop.  480. 

Zig,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co..  Mo. 

Ziget,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Szigeth. 

Zignago,  dzeen-y&'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  of  Genoa,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Sestri  a  Levante. 

Zihl,  a  river  of  Switzerland.     See  Thiele. 

Zihischlacht,  tseel'shl&Kt,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Thurgau,  near  Bischofszell.     Pop.  1452. 

Zilah,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Waltenberg. 

Zilgia,  zil'ghe-a,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  45  miles 
W.  of  Khoten.     Pop.  7600. 

Ziliteu,  zir^-t^n',  or  Zlitonn,  zleeHoon',  a  town  of 
Africa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra,  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Zillebeke,  zil'l^h-bi^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1535. 

Zil'leh  (ano.  Ze'la,  or  Ziela),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
vilayet  of  Seevas,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tokat.  Pop.  2000 
families,  who  manufacture  coarse  cotton  cloths,  io.  It 
has  a  fortress  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  temple,  large  khans, 
good  shops,  and  an  annual  fair.  This  fair  lasts  for  fifteen 
or  twenty  days  from  the  middle  of  November,  and  is  often 
frequented  by  from  40,000  to  50,000  persons  from  all  the 
commercial  towns  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

Zillerthal,  tsil'I^r-t&P,  a  valley  of  Tyrol,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Inn,  which  receives  the  Ziller,  by  which  the 
valley  is  watered,  about  2  miles  below  Innspruok. 

Zilli,  a  town  of  Styria.     See  Cilly. 

Zilwaukee,  zil-waw'kee,  a  post-village  of  Zilwaukee 
township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  River,  and 
on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Saginaw. 
It  has  4  ohnrohes,  several  steam  saw-mills,  salt-works, 
hotels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1963. 

Zimapan,  se-m&-p&n',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and 
95  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Zimatlan,  se-m&-tl&n',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and 
25  miles  S.  of  Oajaca, 

Zimbo,  zeem'bo,  a  promontory  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Santa  Catbarina,  40  miles  N.  of  Destcrro.    Breadth,  4  miles. 

Zimite,  se-mee'ti,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Magdalena.  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mompox. 

Zim'merman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  at 
Shoup's  Station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Loui? 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Zim'merman,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Twelve  Mile  Creek,  8  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  contains 
a  store,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Zimmern,  or  Gross  Zimmeru,  groce  tsim'm^rn, 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  9 
miles  E.  of  Darmstadt.  Pop.  2686,  mostly  employed  in 
linen-weaving. 

Zimmerwald,tsim'm§r-^ilt*,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Langenberg. 

Zimony,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Semlin. 

Zin'der,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in  Borneo,  capital 
of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  300  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kooka. 
Pop.  about  10,000. 

Ziiider,  a  province  of  Central  Africa,  forming  the 
N.W.  frontier  of  the  territory  of  Borneo,  is  between  lat. 
13°  20'  and  14°  N.  and  Ion.  4°  30'  and  10°  50'  E. 

Zingst,  tsingst,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Stralsund,  in  the  Baltic,  immediately  off 
the  German  coast.  Length,  14  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 
On  it  is  the  village  of  Zingst,  with  a  pop.  of  2025. 

Zinji>  zin'jee,  a  large  village  of  Turkish  Koordistan, 
pashalic  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mosul. 

ZinkOT,  or  Zinkow,  zin-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Podolia,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kamieniec. 

Zinna,  tsin'ni,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 27  miles  S.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  railroad  from 
Berlin  to  Wittenberg.  Pop.  1704.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  cotton  stuffs,  and  leather. 

Zinten,  tsin't?n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3201. 

Zinti,  a  town  of  Bolivia.     See  Cinti. 

Zinu,  a  river  of  Colombia.     See  SiNP. 

Zinwald,  tsin'Mlt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  T8  miles  N.W. 
of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1265. 

Zion,  a  hill  of  Palestine.     See  Sion. 

Zi'on,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  6  milei  B. 
of  Henderson.     It  has  2  churches. 


ZIO 


2891 


ZOF 


Zion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  cc,  Md.,  about  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Havre  de  Grace.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Ziou,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  7  miles  from 
Columbus. 

Zion,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buokshoal  township,  Yadkin  co., 
N.C.,  24  miles  N.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  church. 

ZioU)  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

ZioU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  E.  of 
Bellefonte.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  printing-office. 

Zion  Hill)  a  post-office  of  Amite  co.,  Miss. 

Zion  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Shelly  Railroad  Station,  which  is  13  miles  S.  of  Beth- 
lehem.    It  has  2  churches. 

Zion's,  a  post-office  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 

Zion's  Grove,  a  post-village  in  North  Union  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Rarick's  Station  of 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  and  about  14  miles 
E.S.E.of  Catawissa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Zion's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Zion's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Zion  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  32  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Zi'onsrille,  a  post-village  in  Eagle  township,  Boone 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cin- 
cinnati &  Lafayette  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  India- 
napolis. It  has  2  banking-houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
high  school,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  956. 

Zionsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  12i  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Zionsville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

Zion  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 
It  is  a  Mormon  settlement. 

Zipaquira,  Re-p3,-kee'r&,  a  small  town  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  department  of  Cundinamarca,  20  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bogota. 

Ziph,  zif,  a  ruined  town  of  Palestine,  district  of  Da- 
mascus. Its  remains,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Hebron,  consist  of 
walls  and  cisterns. 

Zippezerbst,  or  Zipperzorbig.     See  Zorbig. 

Zips,  zipsh,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N.  byGali- 
cia.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  65  miles ;  mean 
breadth,  ^4  miles.     Capital,  Leutschau.     Pop.  144,986. 

Zips,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  the  county  to  which  it 
gives  name,  near  Kirchdorf.  It  has  imposing  ruins  of  the 
ancient  royal  castle  of  Zips. 

Ziranka,  ze-r4n'ki,  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  rises  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  government  of  Yakootsk,  in  lat.  65°  N., 
flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Kolyma.     Length,  about  170  miles. 

Zircz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Zirtz. 

Zirke,  tseSR'k^h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  38  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Posen,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  2542. 

Zirknitz,  or  Czirknicz,  tsggRk'nits,  a  market-town 
of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  8  miles  E.  of  Adelsberg,  on  the  N. 
side  of  its  lake.  Pop.  1500.  The  Lake  of  Zirknitz  is  6 
miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  Its  bottom  is  formed  of  lime- 
stone rock,  and  is  full  of  clefts  and  fissures,  through  which 
the  water  passes  into  subterranean  caverns.  It  is  frequently 
dry  in  summer,  and  sometimes,  during  the  dry  season,  the 
bottom  of  the  lake  is  covered  with  luxuriant  herbage. 

Zirmie,  zlr'mee*  or  zSSr^mee',  or  Zurniie,  zoor'mee', 
a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in  Houssa,  on  a  peninsula  in  the 
Quarrama,  a  tributary  of  the  Niger,  60  miles  W.  of  Katsena. 

Zirndorf,  tsSSRn'doRf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  4  miles  W. 
of  Nuremberg,  with  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  2309. 

Zirona,  dze-ro'n&,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Spalato. 

Zirtz,  or  Z^rcz,  zggRts,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11 
miles  N.  of  Veszprim,  with  a  Cistercian  abbey.     Pop.  2035. 

Zis'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
N.  of  Bracebridge. 

Zis'kov,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  c«.,  S.D. 

Zistersdorf,  tsis't^rs-dour,  or  Zisterdorf,  tsis't^r- 
doRr,  written  alto  Zissersdorf,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1940. 

Zittau,  tsit'tCw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Bautzen,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mandau,  at  the  head  of  a 
branch  railway  to  Dresden  and  Gorlitz.  Pop.  23,198.  It 
is  the  centre  of  the  linen-manufactures  of  Lusatia,  and 
has  numerous  churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  town  hall,  a  mu- 
nicipal library  of  30,000  volumes,  a  theatre,  hospitals,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths,  piano-fortes, 
damask,  machinery,  and  pottery.  Near  it  are  the  springs 
of  Augutttubad. 


Ziz,  ziz  or  zeez,  a  river  of  Morocco,  province  of  Tafilet, 
rises  S.  of  the  Atlas  Mountains,  and,  after  flowing  S.B. 
past  Tafilet,  is  lost  in  the  sands  of  the  Sahara. 

Zizelitz,  tsit8'§h-lite\  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Czidlina,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bidschow.   Pop.  1739. 

Zizers,  tsits'^rs,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Gri- 
sons,  near  the  Rhine,  7  miles  N.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1016. 

Zjechanow,  zhSK'i-nSv,  a  city  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  of  Plock.     Pop.  4867. 

Zlabings,  tsli'bings,  a  town  of  Moravia,  29  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Iglau.  It  oontains  cloth-mills  and  mineral 
springs.     Pop.  2791. 

Zlakna,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Zalathna. 

Zlatoosk,  Zlatousk,  Zlatnsk,or  Slatousk,  zli- 
toosk',  written  also  Slatoust,  Slatoustofsk,  and  Kli- 
uchi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oofa,  on  the  Ooi, 
among  the  Ural  Mountains,  140  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oofa. 
Pop.  16,629.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  southern  imperial 
mines,  and  has  an  extensive  manufactory  of  damasked 
scimetars  and  articles  of  inlaid  and  embossed  steel. 

Zleb,  zhlSb  or  tsldb,  written  also  Zleby  or  Schleb,a 
market-town  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Czaslau.  It 
has  potash-  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  1849. 

Zlin,  zhlin  (?),  a  town  of  Moravia,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Hradiseh,  on  the  Drewniza.     Pop.  2831. 

Zlitoun,  a  town  of  North  Africa.     See  Ziliten. 

ZIoczow,  zhlo'chov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  45 
miles  E.  of  Lemberg.  Pop.  5196.  It  has  an  ancient  castlt 
and  linen-works. 

ZIotowo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Flatow. 

Zmeinogorsk,  Siberia.    See  Smeinogorsk. 

Zmiev,  or  Smiew,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Smibv. 

Z  m  igrod ,  zhmee'grod,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Ga- 
licia, about  9  miles  S.  of  Jaslo,  on  the  Dembowka.  P.  2093. 

Zna,  Tzna,  or  Tsna,  tsni,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Tver,  after  a  N.E.  course  joins  the  Msta,  which 
it  connects  with  the  Tvertsa  and  Volga  by  the  Vishnee 
Volotchok  Canal. 

Zna,  Tzna,  or  Tsna,  a  river  of  Russia,  government 
of  Tambov,  joins  the  Moksha  38  miles  S.E.  of  Yelatom, 
after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles. 

Znaim,  or  Znaym,  znime  or  tsnime,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Thaya,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Briinn,  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  10,600.  It 
has  a  gymnasium  and  a  school  for  the  children  of  the  mili- 
tary. The  vine  is  cultivated  in  its  vicinity,  and  it  haa 
manufactures  of  woollens,  tobacco,  and  mustard. 

Znin,  tsneen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  23  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  2407. 

Zoagli,  dzo-il'yee,  a  market-town  of  North  Italy,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  4  miles  W.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  3624. 

Zo'ar,  a  post-hamlet  in  Charlemont  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  and  on  the  Vermont  A 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  entrance  of 
the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  North  Adams. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

Zoar,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Zoar,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  township,  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  about 

14  miles  S.  of  Massillon,  and  3  miles  from  Zoar  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  planing-works,  a  tannery,  and  a 
woollen-mill.  It  is  occupied  by  a  society  of  Christian  so- 
cialists, of  German  origin.     Pop.  326. 

Zoar,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  on  Poygan 
Lake,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Zoar  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  oo.,  Conn., 
on  the  Housatonic,  7  miles  above  Derby.     It  has  a  church. 

Zoar  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,on 
the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of 
the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Canal 
Dover.     It  has  a  church. 

Zobeir,  zo^bir',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Zoblitz,  tsob'litz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Chemnitz.     Pop.  2017. 

Zobten,  tsob't^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau,  at  the  foot  of  the  Zobtenberg  Mountain. 
Here  is  a  chapel  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage.     Pop.  2061. 

Zoelen,  zoo'l^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  2  miles  N.  of  Thiel.     Pop.  2332. 

Zoersel,  zoor's^I,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 

15  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  998. 

Zoest,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Soest. 

Zofingen,  or  Zoffingen,  tsoffing-^n  (ano.  Tobi- 
nium  ?),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aarau, 
on  the  Wiggher.  Pop,  3916.  It  has  a  public  library,  &ai 
manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  ribbons,  and  silk  fabrics 


ZOG 


2892 


ZUJ 


Zogama)  a  city  of  Africa.    See  Soqava. 

Zogno,  dz6n'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  N.  of  Bergamo,  on  theErembo.     Pop.  1617. 

Zohab)  zo^h^b',  a  town  of  Persian  Koordistan,  66  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Kermanshah.  It  once  consisted  of  1000  houses 
enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  but  has  now  decayed. 

Zohreh,  or  Zoreth,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Tab. 

Zola^  dzo'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bologna  and 
near  the  city  of  Bologna.     Pop,  4304, 

Zolder^  zol'd^r,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  on 
the  Mangelbeek,  6  miles  N,N,W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1923. 

Zolkiew,  zol'ke-fiv,  or  Zolkiev,  zolk'yivS  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Galicia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Bug,  16  miles  N. 
of  Lemberg,  Pop.  4402.  It  has  2  convents,  a  hospital, 
and  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  porcelain. 

ZoI'larsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,     It  has  2  churches. 

Zoll  Engers,  a  villags  of  Prussia,    See  Ensers. 

ZoUverein^tsoll'f^r-ine^  or  "  Customs-Union,"  a  com- 
mercial league  formed  in  Germany  for  the  purpose  of  es- 
tablishing a  uniform  rate  of  customs.  It  includes  all  the 
empire,  except  the  free  ports  of  Altona,  Bremen,  Bremer- 
haven,  Brake,  Geestemlinde,  and  Hamburg,  with  their  terri- 
tories, and  also  some  communes  of  Baden,  on  the  Swiss  fron- 
tier. The  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg  also  belongs  to  the 
Zollverein,  with  a  very  small  part  of  the  Austrian  territory. 

Zolochev,  or  Solotschew,  zo-lo-chdv',  written  also 
Solotchev,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  25  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Kharkov,  on  the  Ooda,  with  remains  of  ancient 
fortifications,  and  6  annual  fairs.     Pop.  5995. 

Zolotoi-Oatrov,  zo-lo-toi'-os-trov',  an  island  of  Rus- 
sia, in  the  N.  part  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  formed  of  deposits 
by  the  two  arms  into  which  the  Ural  divides  at  its  mouth, 

Zolotonosha,  or  Zolotonocha,  zo-lo-to-no'sh&,  a 
town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  district,  government  and  105 
miles  W,  of  Poltava.  Pop.  7896.  It  has  2  convents  and 
an  active  trade  in  cattle, 

Zoloto'pol^  a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kiev,  42  miles  S,E,  of  Svenigorodka,     Pop.  1500. 

Zoltance^  tsol-t&n'ts^,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
a  few  miles  N,  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2197, 

Zolyom,  a  county  of  Hungary.     See  Sohl. 

Zom'bory  or  Som'bor  (anc.  ZomborinwnT),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  B£cs,  27  miles  N.N.W, 
of  Pesth,  Pop,  24,309.  It  is  situated  near  the  Francis 
Canal,  by  which  it  communicates  with  the  Danube,  and  has 
a  normal  school,  manufactures  of  silks,  and  trade  in  grain 
and  cattle. 

Zone  MillS)  Ontario.     See  Florence. 

Zonho'ven,  or  Sonho'ven,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Limbourg,  4  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2748. 

Zonnebeke,  zon'n^h-bi^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges,     Pop,  2616. 

Zonoma,  California,    See  Sonoma. 

ZonSy  tsons  (anc.  Sontinum  ?),  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  8i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  near  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  and  near  the  ancient  Roman  fort  Geno»ia, 
which,  it  is  supposed,  was  its  original  site.     Pop.  2048. 

Zont-Ijeeuw,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Leau, 

Zonzonate;  San  Salvador.     See  Sonsonate. 

Zooai)  zoo-!',  or  Zawai,  z&-wl',  a  lake  of  Abyssinia, 
in  Shoa,  said  to  contain  5  islands,  which  have  3000  Chris- 
tian inhabitants, 

ZoobtsoVy  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Soobtsoy. 

Zooga,  a  river  of  South  Africa,     See  N'gami. 

Zoppio,  dzSp'lo,  a  village  and  commune  of  Italy,  in 
Udine,  near  Pordenope.     Pop.  3967. 

Z5rbig,tsoR'bio,KIeinzerbst,klin'tsiRp8t,  Zippe- 
zerbst,  tsip'p^h-tsjRpst',  or  Zipperzorbig,  tsip'p^r- 
tsoR^bio,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Strenkbacb 
and  Fuhne,  12  miles  N.N.E,  of  Halle,     Pop.  3322, 

Zorella  Islands.    See  Xulla  Islands. 

Zoreth,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Tab. 

Zorge,  tsoR'aheh,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Brunswick, 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Blankenburg.     Pop.  1454. 

Zorita^  tho-ree'tS,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
province  and  37  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2799. 

Zorn,  zoRn  (Ger.  pron.  tsoRn),  a  river  of  Germany,  in 
Alsace-Lorraine,  rises  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  flows  E. 
past  Zabern  and  Brumath,  and  joins  the  Moder  on  the 
right,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Haguenau.     Course,  45  miles, 

Zorn'dorf  (Ger.  pron.  tsoRu'doRf),  a  village  of  Prus- 
ria,  province  of  Brandenburg,  5  miles  N.  of  Kvistrin. 

ZoroMre,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Sorau. 

Zossen,  tsos'sen,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Brandenburg,  22  miles  S.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  3103,  It  is 
lurrounded  by  small  lakes,  and  has  manufactures  of  linens. 


Zotes  del  Paramo,  tho'tds  dil  p&'r&-mo,  a  village 
of  Spain,  province  of  Leon,  and  24  miles  from  the  city  of 
Leon.     Pop,  1368. 

Zoubtzov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobtsoy. 

Zonga,  u  river  of  South  Africa.    See  N'gami. 

Zonila,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan.     See  Zueela. 

Zsabliakj  a  town  of  Montenegro.     See  Chabliak. 

Zsambek,  s&m^bik',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  oo. 
and  15  miles  W.N.W,  of  Pesth,  with  the  remains  of  an  old 
Gothic  church  and  of  several  mosques  and  baths,     P.  4628. 

Zschoppan,  tshop'pfiw,  a  river  of  Saxony,  rises  on  the 
N.  slope  of  the  Fichtel-Berg,  on  the  frontier  of  Bohemia, 
flows  cireuitously  N,,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  60  miles, 
joins  the  Mulde  about  5  miles  below  Ddbeln, 

ZschoppaUy  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Zschoppau,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  8045.  It  has  manufacturei 
of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  fringe,  and  hosiery,  printing* 
and  bleaching-establishments,  breweries,  and  potteries. 

Zschorlao,  tshoR'lSw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  to  the  S,  of  Schneeberg,     Pop.  2348. 

Zsolna,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Szolna. 

Zsomboly,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Hatzpeld. 

Zubia,  La,  1&  8oo'Be-&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  3  miles  S,  of  Granada,  on  the  skirts  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  It  has  the  ruins  of  a  convent  founded  by 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella,     Pop,  2632. 

Zubiena,  dzoo-be-&'n&,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  in 
Novara,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Biella.     Pop,  2242. 

Zubsuche,  tsoob'soo-K^h,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
near  Neu  Sandec. 

Zncapa,  soo-k&'p&,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  between  the 
coast  and  Old  Guatemala, 

Zucarello,  dzoo-k&-rdrio,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Albenga,     Pop,  912, 

Zuckmantel,  tsddk'm&nH^l,  a  frontier  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.  Pop.  4904.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  linen  fabrics,  and  rosoglio. 

Zueela,  Zuela,  or  Zouila,  zoo-ee'l&,  or  Zawila, 
z&-wee'l&,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  about  100  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Moorzook. 

Zaera,  thw&'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  province  and 
11  miles  N.N.E,  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Gallego.     Pop,  2120. 

Zueros,  thwi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2010. 

ZnfTenhausen,  tsCof'f^n-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  6  miles  from  Ludwigsburg,  on  the  Friedrichshafen 
Railway.     Pop.  2506. 

Zuf'ferwall,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal,  division  of 
Amritsir.     Pop.  5641. 

Zug,  zoog  or  tsooo,  a  central  canton  of  Switzerland,  ana 
the  smallest  in  the  Confederation,  surrounded  by  the  can- 
tons of  Schwytz,  Unterwalden,  Lucerne,  Aargau,  and  Zu- 
rich. Length,  15  miles;  greatest  breadth,  9  miles.  Area, 
92  square  miles.  Pop.  22,994.  Surface  mountainous  in  the 
S.  and  S.E. ;  highest  point,  the  Kaiserstock,  8258  feet  in 
elevation ;  the  principal  portion  lies  in  the  basin  of  the 
Reuss,  and  is  watered  by  the  Reuss  and  the  Sihl.  The 
greater  part  of  the  Zugersee  and  the  whole  of  Lake  Egeri 
are  within  the  canton.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter  and 
cheese  are  extensively  made;  cattle-rearing  and  fishing 
are  important.  The  other  branches  of  industry  comprise 
paper-making,  tanning,  and  silk-  and  cotton-spinning, 

Zug  (anc.  Tugitim  f),  the  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is 
situated  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Zugersee,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Zugerberg,  52  miles  E,N,E.  of  Bern.  Pop,  4277,  It  has 
a  gymnasium,  a  public  library,  tanneries,  manufactures  of 
paper,  and  trade  in  cattle,  kirschwasser,  cider,  and  dried 
fruits. 

Zugerberg,  zoo'gh?r-b5RG\  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Zug,  E.  of  the  Zugersee,     Height,  3251  feet. 

Zugersee,  zoo'gh§r-si',  or  Lake  of  Zug,  a  lake  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  canton  of  Zug,  bounded  E,  and  S,  by 
the  Zugerberg  and  Righi  Culm,  which  separate  it  from  the 
cantons  of  Schwytz  and  Lucerne.  It  is  9  miles  long  and 
from  2  to  3  miles  broad,  and  1361  feet  above  the  sea. 

Zuheros,  a  town  of  Spain,     See  Zueros. 

Zuid  Braband.    See  South  Brabant. 

Zuider-See,  or  Zuiderzee.    See  Zhyder  Zeb. 

Zuidhorn,  zoid'horn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2452. 

Zuidland,  zoid'lint,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Briel.     Pop.  1580. 

Zuidlaren,  soid-li'r§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Drenthe,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Assen.     Pop.  1652. 

Zuidzande,  zoid'zind^§h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Middelburg,     Pop,  1047. 

Zi\jar,  thoo'Har  (anc.  Hteteraf),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov. 


ZUJ 


2893 


ZUR 


tnea  and  58  miles  N.E.  of  Oranada,  near  the  Barbata. 
Pop.  2620.     It  has  mineral  springs  and  oopper-mines. 

Ziuar*  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Sujar. 

Znlia^  BOo'Ie-&,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  between  lat.  8° 
and  12°  N.  and  Ion.  68°  and  73°  W.,  having  on  the  S.  and 
W.  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  and  on  the  N.  the  Carib- 
bean Sea.  Area,  26,436  square  miles.  Pop.  59,235.  It 
bounds  (on  the  W.  and  S.,  and  partly  on  the  E.)  Lake 
Maraoaybo,  to  which  most  of  its  rivers  are  tributary,  in- 
cluding the  Zulia,  whence  its  name.  Maracaybo  is  the 
capital. 

Zulia  (or  Sulia,  soo'le-&)  River,  South  America, 
rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  flows 
N.N.W.  into  Venezuela,  turns  gradually  N.E.,  and,  dividing 
into  three  branches,  falls  into  Lake  Maracaybo.  Total 
course,  180  miles. 

Znlla,  Abyssinia.     See  Adulis. 

Zulia  Islands.    See  Xulla  Islands. 

Ziillchow*  tsiil'Kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  near  Stettin. 
Pop.  4615. 

Ziillichau,  tsUl'le-k5w\  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  cas- 
tle, a  gymnasium  with  7  professors,  an  orphan  asylum,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  leather.     Pop.  7378. 

Ziilpich)  tsiil'piK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
8.W.  of  Cologne.  Pop.  1760,  It  is  believed  to  be  the 
ancient  Tolbiacum,  near  which  Clovis  defeated  the  Germans 
in  the  year  496. 

Znlte,  zQl't^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  East 
Flanders,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1770. 

Zulu,  zoo'loo,  a  post-oflSce  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Zuiuland)  zoo'loo-land,  a  region  of  Africa,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Indian  Ocean,  S.  by  Natal,  and  W.  by  the  Trans- 
vaal, and  extending  N.  to  the  Portuguese  district  near 
Delagoa  Bay.  It  is  a  well-watered  and  fertile  country, 
forming  part  of  the  region  called  KaflFraria,  and  is  inhabited 
chiefly  by  the  Zulus,  or  Amazulu,  a  fine,  warlike  people  of 
the  Bantu  stock.  Their  government  had  the  character 
of  a  formidable  military  despotism ;  but  in  1879,  after  a 
bloody  war  with  the  British,  the  Zulus  were  compelled 
to  accept  the  supervision  of  a  British  resident,  with  re- 
stricted territorial  limits. 

Ztilz,  tsiilts,  Biala,  be-&'l&,  or  Bialo,be-i'lo,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Biala. 
Pop    2729. 

Zu'ma,  a  township  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.    Pop.  787. 

Zum'bo,  a  Portuguese  settlement  of  Africa,  on  the 
Zambezi,  200  miles  N.W.  of  Tete. 

Zuin'bro  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Zumbro  River,  and  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  41 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wabasha,  and  18  miles  E.  of  Zumbrota. 
It  has  a  church,  5  stores,  and  an  elevator. 

Zumbro  River,  Minnesota,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
which  unite  in  the  W.  part  of  Wabasha  co.  It  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  5  miles  below 
Wabasha.  The  North  Branch  rises  in  Rice  co.,  and  runs 
eastward  through  Goodhue  co.  The  South  Branch  drains 
parts  of  Dodge  and  Olmsted  cos.  The  Zumbro  runs  in  a 
deep  chasm  cut  in  strata  of  Silurian  limestone. 

Zumbrota,  zum-bro'ta,  a  post-village  of  Goodhue  co., 
Minn.,  in  Zumbrota  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Zumbro  River,  and  on  the  Minnesota  Midland  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad,  25i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  and  59  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Wabasha.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  867. 

Znmpango,  soom-p&ng'go,  a  market-town  of  Mexico, 
state  and  30  miles  N.  of  Mexico,  on  the  border  of  the  small 
lake  of  Zumpango.     Pop.  4000. 

Zundert,  Groot,  grotzun'd^rt,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  North  Brabant,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  of  commune,  4071. 

2ungoli,  dzoon-go'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2343. 

Zungri,  dzoon'gree,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
tanzaro,  near  Monteleone.     Pop.  1554. 

Zufii,  zoon-yee'  or  soon-yee',  a  pueblo,  or  Indian  town, 
of  Socorro  co..  New  Mexico,  170  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  F6. 
Lat.  85°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  66'  W.  It  is  on  a  small  river 
of  the  same  name,  which  flows  into  the  Chiquito  Colorado 
(t.e.,  "  Little  Colorado").  The  houses  are  built  of  stone, 
plastered  with  mud.  They  are  terrace-shaped,  each  story, 
of  which  there  are  generally  three,  being  smaller  laterally, 
80  that  one  answers  in  part  for  the  platform  of  the  one 
above.  There  are  no  doors  or  windows  in  the  lower  story ; 
the  ascent  is  on  the  outside,  by  means  of  ladders,  which  may 


be  drawn  up  so  as  to  cut  off  all  commnnioation  from  below. 
The  inhabitants,  nearly  2000  in  number,  cultivate  the  soil, 
and  have  large  herds  of  sheep  and  droves  of  horses.  Then 
is  in  the  town  a  Catholic  church,  built  of  adobes. 

Zufii  Lake,  near  the  Zuni  country,  in  New  Mexico, 
and  not  far  from  the  Arizona  line,  in  a  desolate  volcanio 
region,  is  only  1  mile  across,  and  6  feet  in  greatest  depth. 
Its  waters  are  intensely  salt,  and  a  large  flowing  salt  spring 
is  said  to  be  the  chief  feeder  of  the  lake.  Here  is  a  large 
deposit  of  pure  crystalline  salt.  There  is  no  outflow  from 
this  lake. 

Zuni  Mountains,  a  detached  range  in  the  central 
part  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  35°  N.,  Ion.  108°  20'  W. 

Zu'ni  Station,  a  post-village  of  Isle  of  Wight  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Blackwater  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Missis- 
sippi &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  coach -factory. 

Zurawno,  tsoo-r&v'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Oalicia, 
near  Stry.     Pop.  3125. 

Zurgena,  or  Zurxena,  thooR-H&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  38  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Almanzora.  Pop.  1323,  who  manufacture  linens, 
woollens,  flour,  and  nitre. 

Zuri,  dzoo'ree,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Sebenico.  Length,  7  miles.  On  it  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name,  and  ofi°  its  coast  a  coral-fishery  ii 
carried  on. 

Zurich,  zoo'rik  (Ger.  Ziirich,  tsii'riK),  a  canton  in  the 
N.  part  of  Switzerland,  bounded  E.  by  the  cantons  of 
Thurgau  and  St.  Gall,  S.  by  Schwytz  and  Zug,  W.  by  Aar- 
gau,  N.  by  Schaffhausen  and  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden. 
Area,  687  square  miles.  Pop.  317,576,  of  whom  nearly  all 
are  Protestants,  and  use  the  German  language.  Surface 
undulating,  mountainous  in  the  S.E.,  where  the  Schnebel- 
horn  is  4298  feet  in  elevation,  and  in  the  S.W.,  where  the 
Albis  or  Uetliberg  rises  to  the  height  of  2864  feet.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Rhine,  Thur,  Toss,  Glatt,  Limmat,  Sihl,  and 
Reuss.  It  possesses  a  great  portion  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich, 
besides  which  it  has  the  Greiffensee  and  the  Pfaffikon  and 
several  smaller  lakes.  The  climate  is  mild,  but  subject  to 
sudden  changes.  The  soil  is  not  fertile.  It  has  numerous 
mineral  springs.  Zurich  is  one  of  the  most  industrial  cantons 
in  Switzerland :  the  chief  manufactures  are  cotton,  silk,  and 
ribbons ;  most  of  the  rural  population  are  employed  in  silk- 
and  cotton-spinning.  Schools  are  numerous  and  attendance 
is  compulsory.  Zurich  holds  the  first  rank  among  the  can- 
tons of  the  Swiss  Confederation.  The  chief  towns  are  Zu- 
rich (the  capital),  Eglisau,  Wadenschwyl,  and  Winterthur. 

Zurich,  or  Ziirich  (anc.  Tu'ricum;  L.  Tigurium),  a 
city  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  situated 
on  the  Limmat,  at  its  exit  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
Lake  of  Zurich,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.  Pop.  in  1885, 
26,891,  nearly  all  Protestants.  The  Limmat  divides  it  inta 
two  parts,  which  communicate  by  3  fine  bridges.  It  is 
surrounded  by  old  walls,  and  baa  an  arsenal  with  a  fine 
collection  of  armory.  Chief  public  buildings,  the  cathedral, 
the  church  of  St.  Peter,  of  which  Lavater  was  minister  for 
23  years,  town  house,  post-office,  orphan  asylum,  and  the 
tower  of  Waltenberg.  It  has  a  university,  established  in 
1832,  attended  by  above  200  students,  a  cantonal  school, 
several  polytechnic  schools,  a  public  library  of  46,000 
volumes,  a  cabinet  of  medals  and  natural  history,  a  botanic 
garden,  and  many  learned  societies.  It  has  important 
manufactures  of  silks,  cotton  fabrics,  and  ribbons,  also  dye- 
works  and  tanneries.  Zurich  is  the  birthplace  of  the 
naturalist  Gesner,  Zimmermann,  Lavater,  and  Pestalozzi. 
Near  it  the  Swiss  defeated  the  Austrians  on  the  22d  of  July, 
1443,  and  the  French  defeated  the  Russians  and  Austrians 
on  the  26th  of  August,  1799.     See  also  Lake  of  Zurich. 

Zurich,  zoo'rik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hall  co..  Neb.,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Alda. 

Zurich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sodus 
Point  &  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Newark. 

Zurich,  zoo'rik,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Onttirio,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Seaforth.  It  contains  2  woollen-factories,  a 
tannery,  a  pottery,  saw-  and  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  several 
churches.     Pop.  200. 

Zurmie,  a  town  of  Central  Africa.     See  Zirmib. 

Zurrah,  zilr'r^  or  Dur'ra,  written  also  Zereh  and 
Zerreh,  a  brackish  lake  of  Seistan,  near  the  limits  of 
Persia,  Afghanistnn,  and  Beloochistan,  lying  S.E.  of  the 
Hamoon  Lake.  The  shores  are  overgrown  to  a  consider- 
able distance  with  rushes  and  reeds,  interspersed  with  pools 
of  standing  water.     The  lake  is  nearly  dried  up. 

Zuruma,  80o-roo'm&,  a  river  of  Brazilian  Guiana, 
after  a  southeastward  course  of  80  miles,  joins  the  Takut* 
in  lat.  3°  22'  N.  and  about  Ion.  60°  W. 


ZUR 


2894 


ZYW 


Zuruma^  soo-roo'mi,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  in  Asuay,  in 
h  mining-district,  on  the  W.  declivity  of  the  Andes,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Loja.  Pop.  6000.  Its  gold-  and  silver- 
jiines  rendered  it  formerly  very  populous,  but  its  impor- 
tance has  greatly  declined. 

Znruniil  lo,  soo-roo-meel'yo,  a  village  of  Peru,  province 
and  N.W.  of  Pataz,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Amazon. 

Zurxena,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Zubgena. 

Zurzach,  tsoor'tsik,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  on  the  Rhine,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aarau.  Near 
it  is  a  cataract  of  the  Rhine.     Pop.  819. 

Zusam,  tsoo's&m,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  course  of 
40  miles,  joins  the  Danube  opposite  DonauwiJrth. 

Zuschen^  ts66sh'en,  a  town  of  Germany,  principality 
of  Waldeck,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel,  on  the  Elbe. 

Zusmarshansen,  tsSSs'mars-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Swabia,  on  the  Zusam,  an  affluent  of  the  Danube, 
14  miks  W.N.W,  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  966. 

Zutkuerque,  zUt^kwSRk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Omer.     Pop.  1680. 

Zutphen,  zut'f§n  (L.  Zutphania),  a  town  and  fortress 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Qelderland,  on  the  Tssel 
and  its  affluent  the  Berkel  (which  traverses  the  centre  of  the 
town),  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arnhem.  Pop.  14,570.  It  has 
an  ancient  cathedral,  a  town  house,  tanneries,  oil-works, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  paper,  and  glue.  Zutphen 
formerly  belonged  to  the  Hanseatic  League.  It  was  taken 
by  Don  Frederick  of  Toledo  in  1572,  by  Prince  Maurice  in 
1591,  and  by  the  French  in  1672. 

Zuurbraak,  zur'brik',  a  village  of  South  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  district  of  Zwellendam,  140  miles  E.  of  Cape  Town, 
on  the  Buffeljagts.  It  is  a  station  of  the  London  Mission- 
ary Society,  and  has  mission-  and  school-houses,  a  chapel,  Ao. 

Zavia,  thoo've-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Granada,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Genii.     Pop.  3095. 

Ziiyder  (or  Zuider)  Zee,  zi'd^r  zee  (Dutch  pron. 
zoi'd^r  zi  ;  anc.  Fle'vus  La'cue),  a  gulf  of  the  German 
Ocean,  in  the  Netherlands,  between  the  provinces  of  Over- 
ysse)  and  Friesland  in  the  E.,  Utrecht  and  Gelderland  in 
the  S.,  and  North  Holland  in  the  W.  On  the  N.  it  is 
nearly  enclosed  by  the  islands  of  Texel,  Vlieland,  Ter- 
schelling,  and  Ameland.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  45  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  On  the  S.W.  it  forms  the  inlet 
called  the  Y,  on  which  Amsterdam  is  situated.  It  contains 
4  small  islands.  Chief  affluents,  the  Zwarte-Water  and 
several  branches  of  the  Rhine.  Its  fisheries  are  important. 
The  Zuyder  Zee,  formerly  a  lake,  was  united  to  the  German 
Ocean  by  an  inundation  in  1282.  Under  the  French  the 
provinces  of  North  Holland  and  Utrecht  formed  the  de- 
partment of  Zuyder  Zee,  with  Amsterdam  as  its  capital. 

Zuydhorn,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Zuidhgrn. 

Zuydland,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Zcidland. 

Zazweil,  tsoots'^^ile,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1107. 

Zveuigorod,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Svenigorod. 

Zvenigorodka,  a  town  of  Russia.   See  Svenioorodka. 

ZveringoloTsk,  or  Sweriugolowsk,  zv&-rin-go- 
lovsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  on  the 
Ooi,  an  affluent  of  the  Tobol,  130  miles  E.  of  Troitsk. 

Zvor'nik,  or  Zwornik  (Turk.  Izvomik  or  hvorneek, 
izVor-neek'),  a  fortified  town  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  on  the 
Drin,  30  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Save.  Pop.  8000.  It 
has  several  mosques  and  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches. 

Z wart-Berg,  zwaRt-bfiRO  ("black  mountain"),  two 
mountain-ranges  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  districts 
of  Zwellendam  and  George,  bounding  the  Little  Karroo 
Plain  and  the  upper  valley  of  Olifant's  River.  The  more 
Northern  or  Great  Zwart-Berg  Range  is  rugged,  and  in 
some  places  4000  feet  in  height. 

Zwart-Doorn,  zwaRt-doRn,  a  river  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  district  of  Clanwilliam,  enters  the  Atlantic  in 
lat.  31°  S.,  Ion.  17°  40'  E. 

Zwartewal,  zwaR't§h-^ir,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Briel. 

Zwartkops,  zwaRt'kops\  a  river   of   South    Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  tributary  to  the  Little  Doom  River,  which  it 
joins  after  a  W.S.W.  course  of  100  miles.  The  Zwartland 
is  a  fertile  tract  in  the  districts  of  Cape  and  Stellenbosch. 
Zwartsluis,  zwaRt'slois^  or  Zwartesluis,  zwan'- 
t9h-8loi8\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on  the 
Zwarte-AVater,  an  affluent  of  the  Vecht,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles  N.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  4348. 
Zweden,  the  Dutch  for  Sweden, 
Zweibriicken,  Bavaria.    See  Deux-Ponts. 
Zweisimmen,  ts^i'sim^m§n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bern,  agreeably 
situated  in  a  valley,  on  the  Simmen.     Pop.  212S. 


Zwellendam,  zwSPlin-d&m' or  Sweriendam',  tho 

most  S.  division  or  district  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa, 
terminating  in  Cape  Agulhas,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
ocean,  E.  by  the  district  of  George,  N.  by  Worcester,  and 
W.  by  Caledon  and  Breadasdorp.  Area,  7616  square  miles. 
Pop.  9964.  It  is  traversed  on  the  N.  by  the  Zwart-Berg 
Mountains,  and  watered  by  the  Breede  River.  Chief  prod- 
ucts, corn,  soap,  butter,  tallow,  brandy,  and  wine.  Principal 
towns,  Zwellendam,  Caledon,  and  Port  Beaufort. 

Zwellendam,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony, 
capital  of  the  division  of  Zwellendam,  110  miles  E.  of  Cape 
Town.    It  has  a  church,  jail,  and  reading-room.   Pop.  2679. 

Zw^enigorodka,  Russia.    See  Svenigorodka. 

Zwenkau,  ts*fink'6w,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Leipsic,  on  the  Elster.  Pop.  3058.  It  ha£  saltpetre-  and 
woollen-mills ;  and  in  its  vicinity  is  a  powder-mill. 

Zwesten,  ts'^ist'^n,  a  village  of  Hesse-Nassau,  Nieder- 
Hessen,  circle  of  Fritzlar,  on  the  Wetzelbach.     Pop.  1156. 

Zwettel,  zw4t't§l  (Ger.  pron.  ts^fit't^l),  written  also 
Zwetl,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Kamp,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Zwettel,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Krems.  Pop. 
2918.  It  baa  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linens,  and 
ribbons.     Near  it  is  a  Cistercian  abbey  with  a  rich  library. 

Zweybriicken,  Bavaria.    See  Deux-Ponts. 

Zwickau,  t8<^ik'6w,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Jung 
Buntzlau,  19  miles  W.  of  Reichenberg.     Pop.  4667,  mostly 
employed  in  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Zwickau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Mulde,  and  on  the  Saxon  k  Bavarian  Railway,  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Dresden.  Pop.  39,244.  It  has  a  church  with  a 
lofty  tower,  a  gymnasium  with  a  library  of  30,000  volumes, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cotton  goods,  chemical 
products,  paper,  oil,  flour,  glass,  ^o.  In  its  vicinity  are 
extensive  coal-mines. 

Zwiesel,  ts^ee'z^l,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Bavaria, 
on  the  Regen,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  2537. 

Zwijndrecht,  Netherlands.     See  Zwyndrecht. 

Zwingeuberg,  ts<^ing'?n-b4nG\  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  province  of  Starkpnburg,  and  on  the  Frankfort  A 
Mannheim  Railway,  10  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1445. 

Zwingle,  zwing'gh^l,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  and 
Jackson  cos.,  Iowa,  14  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
church,  a  steam  mill,  and  a  normal  institute.  The  post- 
office  is  in  Dubuque  co. 

Zwittau,ts'ftit't5w,or  Zwittawa,z^it-t4'vi,  a  river 
of  Moravia,  after  a  S.  course  of  55  miles,  joins  the  Sohwarza 
at  Briinn. 

Zwittau,  or  Zwittawa,  a  walled  town  of  Moravia, 
circle  of  Olmutz,  near  the  Bohemian  frontier,  on  the  rail- 
way to  Prague,  40  miles  N.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  5781.  It  baa 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  and  an  active 
trade  in  wool  and  flax. 

Zwittawka,  z^it-t&v'k&,  a  market-town  of  Moravia, 
on  the  Zwittau,  22  miles  N.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  700. 

Zwolle,  zwol'l^h,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Overyssel,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Amsterdam,  on  the  Zwarte-Water.  Pop.  21,593.  It  was 
formerly  a  free  imperial  city,  and  belonged  to  the  Hanseatic 
League.  It  has  a  cathedral,  town  hall,  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths,  sugar- 
and  salt-refineries,  and  an  active  trade  with  Germany. 
Near  Zwolle  there  formerly  stood  a  priory,  the  residence  of 
Thomas  3,  Kempis. 

Zwollen,  zwol'l^n,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Radom.     Pop.  2026. 

ZwOnitz,  ts^^o'nits,  or  Zw^omitz,  ts^o'mits,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz,  on  the  Zwonitz. 
Pop.  2687.   It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  cottons,  and  lace. 

Zwornik,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Zvornik. 

Zwratauch,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Swratauch. 

Zwyndrecht,,or  ZAvijndrecht,  zwin'drSKt,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Rot- 
terdam, on  the  Meuse,  opposite  Dort.  It  supplies  large 
quantities  of  vegetables  for  passing  vessels.     Pop.  3206. 

Zwyndrecht,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Dendermonde,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2961. 

Zydaczow,  zid-itch'ov  or  zid'8,-chov\  a  town  of  Aus- 
tria, in  Galicia,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Stry,  near  the  month  of 
the  Stry  in  the  Dniester.     Pop.  2146. 

Zyghnr,  zi'gur',  or  Jayghur,  jrgiir',  a  town  of  India, 
14  miles  above  the  mouth  of  a  river  in  the  bay  of  its  own 
name,  and  118  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bombay.  The  river  at  its 
entrance  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  lined  by  straggling  vil- 
lages up  to  the  town,  which  is  a  place  of  considerable  size. 

Zyory,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.     See  Sohrau. 

Zytomir,  or  Zytomiers.    See  Zhitomebr. 

Zywiec.  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia.   See  Seiputsch 


FINIS. 


r 


'         Z' 


W 


Worcester's 

Unabridg^ed  Quarto  Dictionary 

'Is  a  massive  volume  of  2126  pages,  coiitfliiiiiig  over  120,000  words  in  its  voeabiilary,  with  their  orthography  as  sanctioned  by 
best  usage;  their  pronunciation  according  to  the  present  usage  among  scholars,  literary  men,  and  cultured  society;  their 
flotinitions  in  coiif>ise,  accurate,  and  complete  form;  and  their  etymologies  drawn  from  the  most  reliable  sources,  and 
including  all  the  important  results  of  the  latest  researches  in  philology.  • 

It  contains  a  New  Pronouncing  Biographical  Dictionary  of  nearly  12.000  personages;  a  New  Pronouncing  Gazetteer 
of  the  Worlii.  noting  and  locating  over  20,000  places.  Containing  also  a  Supplement  of  over  12,r)00  New  Words,  recer.tJy 
added,  togct.ier  with  a  table  of  5000  words  in  general  use,  witii  their  synonymes.  Illu.slrated  with  wood-cuts  and  foH- 
page  plates. 

Worcester's  Dictionary  Is  the  Standard  Authority  on  all  questions  of 
Orthography,  Pronunciation,  or  Definition, 

and  is  so  recognized  liy  all  the  colicges  of  the  country,  by  the  |)rincipal  ne\vs()a!>crs  and  periodicals,  by  such  leaders  of 
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Agassiz,  Henry,  etc.,  and  has  been  publicly  recommended  as  the  standard  antlifirity  by  the  lending  newspapers  of  England 
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Worcester's   School    Dictionaries. 

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^Y^'^CE^'^ER'S    NEW    ACADEMIC    DICTIONARY    is   de- 
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^t^ORCESTER'S  NEW  COMPREHENSIVE  DICTIONARY  contains  a  full  vocabulary  of  48000  words.  The  design 
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LIPPINCOXrS 
pronouncing  Dictionary  of 

Bio§:raphy  and  Mythology. 

Containing  Memoirs  of  the  Eminent  Per&ons  of  all  Agfes  and  Countries. 

By  J.  THOMAS,  M.D.,  LL.D. 

RETAIL    PRICE    REDUCED   ONE=TIiIRD. 


New  Edition. 


Thorouglily  Revised  an<1  Greatly  Enlarged, 
imperial  octavu  vokutne  of  25^0  pages. 


Complete  in  one 


Sheep,  $8.00+ ;  half  Turkey,  $io.oot:  half  Russia,  $io.oot.    Two-volume  Edition, 
Sheep,  per  set,  $io.oot ;  half  Turkey,  $ii.oo.f 

This  valuable  work,  which  for  more  than  fifteen  years  ha-s  been  in  its  department  without  a  rival  in 
;  estimation  of  scholars,  has  lately  undergone  such  a  complete  revision  as  the  bipse  of  time  since  its 
-t  issue  rendered  necessary,  and   is  now  ofiered   to  llio  public  in  a  greatly  enlarged   and   improved 
iume,  extending   to  2550  pages,  and   embracing,  besides  the  revisions  of  old 
trticles,  several  thousand  new  biographical  sketches,  many  of  them  constructed 
Vom  original  data,  and  now  for  the  first  time  appearing  in  print.     It  embraces 
■  following  peculiar  features :  -       '  'i 

I.  An  Introduction,  with  Remarks  on  the  Arabic,  Chinese,  Danish,  Dutch, 
French,  German,  Gn^ek,  Hebrew,  Hindostanee,  Hungarian,  Italian,  Norwegian, 
Jriental,  Persian,  Polish,  Portuguese,  Russian,  Sanscrit,  Spanish,  and  Swedish 
Languages.  II.  Great  Completeness  and  Conciseness  in  the  Biographical  Skotches. 
HI.  Succinct  but  Comprehensive  Accounts  of  the  More  Interesting  Subjects  of 
Mythology.  IV.  A  Logical  System  of  Orthography,  showing  the  English 
Spelling  of  the  Names  of  those  Personages  whose  Native  Languages  are  not  in 
Characters  corresponding  with  the  English  Alphabet,  together  with  the  Spelling 

if  tVie  same  in  the  Principal  European  Languasjes.  V.  The  Accurate  Pronunciation  of  the  Names, 
according  to  the  Principles  of  the  Languages  in  which  they  were  Written.  VL  A  Vocabulary  of 
Christiai".  Nai.ies,  embracing  the  leading  English  Christian  Names,  with  their  equivalents  in  the  various 
European  Languages.  VII.  A  Table  of  Disputed  or  Doubtful  Pronunciations.  VIIL  Full  Biblio- 
■^rHjihical  References. 


I.ippincoil's  Biographical  Dictionary,  according  to  the 
umiiimous  iipiiiion  of  cMstinguislied  scholars,  is  the  best 
vvorlc  of  the  liiiid  ever  publislied."— r.'.(7adeipft/a  Ledger. 

"The  iDost  comprehensive  and   valuable  work  of  the 
iiiud  th.it   has  ever  been  attemptid.  .   .   .  \n  invalftable 
jouvenience."— /^oxto/i  Evenhtij  Traveller. 
'•  The  most  valuable  (!oiuributioM  to  lexicopraphy  in  the 
jlish  tongue.'' — Cincinnati  Commercial  Gazelle. 
No  other  work  of  the  kind  will  comparj  with  it."— 
'Jfucaijo  Advance. 

"This  work  present"*  a  very  wide  range  of  treatment, 
/reat  coinpaolness  aixl  pei-spjcuily,  woisderlul  accuracy, 
I  a  typographical  execution  that  is  ab.solutely  ptifect." 
YorK  Evening  Punt. 

.\.n  admirable  work."— A'ew  York  Independent. 

"I  find  that  my  high  e.xpeclations  of  its  excellence. 

founded  on  n^y  knowledge  ol  the  admirable  qualifications 

of  its  editor,  iire  not  disjippointod.    In  iliu  judicious  brevity 

•)f  its  arli(tles,  the  comprehensiveness  of  its  selections  of 

tiii'ics.  the  nice  exactness  in  matters  of  orthography  and 

■iiiiieialioii.  as  well  cs  for  its  admirable  typography,  it 

iii.ses  to  (nke  a  very  liigh  place  among  our  books  of 

■  fence."— i'?fi/.  A'oa/i  Porter. 


"  A  work  of  extraordinary  value."— Boston  Post. 

"It  is  a  work  which  I  shall  be  glad  to  possess,  both  on 
account  of  the  fulue.ss  of  its  mntter  an<l  '.lecause  the  pro- 
nunciation of  names,  so  far  as  it  can  be  represented  by  the 
alphabet  of  our  langcuge.  is  given.  The  wori»  will  be  a 
valuable  addiiion  to  the  books  of  reference  in  our  lan- 
guage "—  W'ilUam  Cullen  Brijant. 

"That  so  great  u  work  has  been  produced  in  the  P'ngllsh 
language,  I  am  glad:  that  it  is  tiie  product  of  .American 
skill,  enterprise,  and  learning,  I  still  more  '•ejoice.  With 
regard  to  a  tjook  like  this,  the  question  with  each  one  must 
be,  not  •  (;an  I  aflbrd  it?"  but  'Can  I  aflord  to  be  without 
it?'" — .S.  Austin  AHihone. 

"There  is  nothing  like  It  in  the  English  language.  .  .  . 
It  may  be  fairly  esteemed  a  credit  to  he  age  and  countr;, 
whicli  have  produced  it." — Philadel/jtiia  Press. 

"It  is  universal  in  fact  as  in  name,  doing  like  justice  to 
men  prominent  in  science,  literature,  religion,  general 
liistory,  etc.  The  author  knows  how  to  put  a  laree  number 
of  facts  into  a  very  small  compass,  and  in  a  manner  re- 
markable for  system,  tairnt.'<s,  precision,  and  easy  diction." 
— I^o/eisor  James  J).  Dana,  .V.l.,  /./..  P. 

"The  plan  is  admirable."— -Vck;  York  Tribune. 


For  sale  by  all  Booksellers, 
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on  receipt  of  price. 


B.  LIPPINCOTT   COiVlPANY,  Publishers, 

714-722  Filbert  Street,  Philadelphia. 


